bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Physician Decision Making to Attempt Advanced Resuscitation in Asystolic Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Payot Charles , Fehlmann Christophe A , Suppan Laurent , Niquille Marc , Lardi Christelle , Sarasin Francois Pierre , Larribau Robert
Published: July 2021

The objective of this study was to identify the key elements used by prehospital emergency physicians (EP) to decide whether or not to attempt advanced life support (ALS) in asystolic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). From 01.01.2009 to 01.01.2017, all adult victims of asystolic OHCA in Geneva, Switzerland, were retrospectively included. Patients with signs of "obvious death" or with a Do-Not-Attempt-Resuscitation order were excluded. Patients were categorized as having received ALS if this was mentioned in the medical record, or, failing that, if at least one dose of adrenaline had been administered during cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Prognostic factors known at the time of EP's decision were included in a multivariable logistic regression model. 784 patients were included. Factors favourably influencing the decision to provide ALS were witnessed OHCA (OR=2.14, 95%CI1.43–3.20) and bystander CPR (OR=4.10, 95%CI2.28–7.39). Traumatic aetiology (OR=0.04, 95%CI0.02–0.08), age >80 years (OR=0.14, 95%CI0.09–0.24) and a Charlson comorbidity index greater than 5 (OR=0.12, 95%CI0.06–0.27) were the factors most strongly associated with the decision not to attempt ALS. Factors influencing the EP’s decision to attempt ALS in asystolic OHCA are the relatively young age of the patients, few comorbidities, presumed medical aetiology, witnessed OHCA and bystander CPR.
Frequency Control of Large-Scale Interconnected Power Systems via Battery Integration: A Comparison Between the Hybrid Battery Model and WECC Model
Authors: Abdollahi Biroon Roghieh , Pisu Pierluigi , Schoenwald David
Published: July 2021

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources in power grids highlights the role of battery energy stor- age systems (BESSs) in enhancing the stability and reliability of electricity. A key challenge with the renewables’, specially the BESSs, integration into the power system is the lack of proper dynamic model for stability analysis. Moreover, a proper control design for the power system is a complicated issue due to its complexity and inter-connectivity. Thus, the application of decentralized control to improve the stability of a large- scale power system is inevitable, especially in distributed energy sources (DERs). This paper presents an optimal distributed hybrid control design for the interconnected systems to suppress the effects of small disturbances in the power system employing utility-scale batteries based on existing battery models. The results show that i) the smart scheduling of the batteries’ output reduces the inter-area oscillations and improves the stability of the power systems; ii) the hybrid model of the battery is more user-friendly compared to the Western electricity coordinating council (WECC) model in power system analysis.
Obtention and Characterization of Ferrous Chloride FeCl2·4H2O from Pickling Waste Liquors
Authors: Alcaraz Lorena , Sotillo Belén , Marco José F. , Alguacil Francisco J. , Fernández Paloma , López Félix A.
Published: July 2021

As a hazardous waste, pickling waste liquor must be properly treated. An alternative consists in promoting the formation of ferrous salts from this residue, due to its higher ferrous content. Since FeCl2·4H2O is widely used in several applications, obtaining pure crystals of this material appears to be an interesting prospect. However, this compound has scarcely been investigated. In the present work, FeCl2·4H2O crystals have been obtained from pickling waste liquors. Their structural and morphological characteristics have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy as well as Mössbauer spectroscopy. In addition, the photoluminescence study of the obtained samples was also assessed. It was observed that after some aging time, the obtained crystals change in colour from green to more yellowish. So, the aged sample has also been evaluated, and their structural characteristics are compared with the original crystals. Despite this, the obtained crystals exhibit a FeCl2·4H2O structure, which is not modified with the aging of the sample.
KOMPETENSI ALUMNI PG PAUD FIP UNNES DI LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Decik Dian Pratiwi Edi Waluyo, Lita Latiana,
Published: July 2021

Education is very important for the development of early age children and in the education process, they should be cared by profesional teachers. This study aimed at identifying the competence of the graduates from PG PAUD FIP UNNES located in Central Java. Applying survey method, the study collected data using questionnaire to be analyzed with descriptive statistics. The results showed that the graduate competence belongs to the high category. However, the existing competence still needs to be further developed to maximize the role of early childhood education institutions.
PENGEMBANGAN PROFESIONAL BERKELANJUTAN BAGI GURU PAUD
Authors: Waspodo Muktiono
Published: July 2021

In establishing an advanced civilization, early childhood education has a very important contribution. This article discusses how the PAUD teachers should perform their job professional by providing educational services for the early age children properly. As science and technology are developing fast influencing the peopleâ€™s needs including the early age children, the teacher should keep increasing their knowledge and skills continously. One thing emphasizes in this article that the early age children need fun learning by joyful playing. The teacherâ€™s ability to fulfill this need will enable him/her to stimulate the childrenâ€™s motoric, emotional, and intellectual development This article emphasizes how the continous professional development performed by the teacher individually or the responsible institution. The article suggests a number of ideas how to plan and implement such a program.
PENDIDIKAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN DI LAPAS DENGAN PENDEKATAN MINAT USAHA
Authors: Hapsari Sri , Shahroza Dhova
Published: July 2021

This descriptive research aimed to discover the implementation of entrepreneurship education that can be developed to be applied at Female Prison, IIB Class, Tangerang. The research conducted as from October 2013 through February 2014 describes the prisonersâ€™ characteristics by age, crime, religion, and education. Besides it also mentions the educational methods applied in the Female Prison. The research stages began with fileld study to obtain data related to education, religion, age, crime, and business interest. The data indicates their interest in commercial business is 71 % with the background of business experience before they were taken into prison and the entrepreneurship education in the prison will motivate them to develop their previous commercial business or to start a business for those who have not done any commercial business.
MODEL DESA TERPADU PAUDNI MEWUJUDKAN MASYARAKAT PEMBELAJAR SEPANJANG HAYAT
Authors: Sadid Agus
Published: July 2021

The pattern of rural development should move towards an integral-concept of development. Early childhood education program, (PAUDNI) has a huge potential to enhance peopleâ€™s welfare. The village model of PAUDNI would be the best alternative solution of empowering community. The problem is how to develop the integrated village model that establishes a life-long learning community. This article describes, discusses, and explores the integrated village model of PUDNI. The conclusion is (1) the PAUDNI village is constructed by the andragogy theory by Knowles and Pannen, emphasizing the community empowerment on integral and integrated aspects; (2) the construction of PAUDNI village model includes community participations, cooperation, commitment, and integrity; (3) the implementation of the model should consider data and analysis, community participation, PAUDNI Units such as PKBM, LKP, PAUD and other non-formal and informal groups; (4) in supervision and guidance process, the model of PAUNI village should involve some related people or institutions. Implementing such a village model properly would create a life-long learning community and enhance the social welfare and the life quality of the community.
DESAIN AKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK MENGEMBANGKAN KECERDASAN LOGIK-MATEMATIK ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Sitti Fatimah S.Sirate Muhammad Yaumi,
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to improve instructional activity desain, develop the kinds of activity, and integrate design components to instructional activities which can develop logic-mathematic intelligence of early-aged children. The study was conducted as from January through August 2014 employing colaborative action research method and involving 30 respondents/informen, 5 school supervisors, and 10 principals as collaborators. The data were collected using observation technique, group discussion, document study, que- sionaire, and test to be analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The research findings show the instructional activity design has encouraged the teachers to conduct survey of logic-mathematic intelligence, implement 8 kinds of instructional activities, and improve teachersâ€™ competence in integrating design components. Learn- ers develop on the basis of their intelligence, talent, and interest.
PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI MENULIS ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN MELALUI PENGGUNAAN MEDIA KOMIK
Authors: Juliati Andini Diana
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research is to improve the motivation to write for chidren aged 5-6 years through the application of the Comic medium. The research was implemented on PAUD Ceria Cempaka East Jakarta on May-June 2013. The method that used is class action research conducted through two cycles, a cycle of comprising planning, action, observation and reflection. The subject of research is a whole children aged 5-6 years student PAUD Ceria Cempaka that numbered 16 students. Data collection using non tests to obtain data about implementation of the actions and results of student data that motivation to write through observation tecniques that include field notes, monitoring actions, note sheets interview, and note the documentation. Analysis of the percentage of the data used in this study was based on an agreement with a researcher and collaborator is using increased 25.38% and the percentage of increase in the end of the cycle reaches 78.59%. Based on the increase in the percentage of this research, it can be stated that the hypothesis is accepted. Then it can be concluded that the application of the comic medium can improve the results of motivation to write for chidren aged 5-6 years.
REDUKSI NILAI MORAL, BUDAYA, DAN AGAMA TERHADAP IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Noor Idris HM
Published: July 2021

Educational character cannot be separated from the values of moral, nation culture, and religion. The nation that keeps tightly on the rule of religion and the principle of its culture will always be conducting its culture. The strongest nation is characterized by the implementation of its characters. The education character cannot be formed spontaneously but it is developed since the children be at home. The family is the first and main defends in educating children for an adult people and for a responsible citizenship. One of the components which influences the reducation of nation character is that the lack of implementation of moral values, religion, and nation culture. Education is one of defends of nation character values. Therefore, education character at school should continuously be implemented integratively in instructional process and it should be put in the curriculum. This analysis uses document study method. The result of analyisis concludes some factors which affect the lack of education character in education i.e: the reduction of the moral values, religion, and culture. Some actions that the Ministry of Education and Culture should do in overcoming the lack of nation moral values in education sector such as at school is that to work collaboratively with media such as television to forcast Indonesian culture as it was done before on television such as: wayang, local dance or song, specific local industry, and community self help. Some simple strategies in implementing character values at school is that by implementing instruction of nation character integratively with all subjects.
PENERAPAN LATIHAN KEHIDUPAN PRAKTIS ANAK USIA 3- 4 TAHUN
Authors: Fajarwati Ayu
Published: July 2021

The purposes of this research are to find out and describe: (1) the process of practical life activities in Right Steps Pancoran, (2) kinds of practical life activities that have been done, (3) the purpose and the advantages of studying the practical life activities, (4) the relation between practical life activities on children and the development of their fine motor skill, and (5) the relation of practical life activities on children and their independency. The subjects of this research are 5 children by the age of three to four years old in Annie Apple class of Right Steps Pancoran. This research employed qualitative method and phenomenology study. The researcher used Mills and Huberman model to analyze the data. Observation, interview, photo/video documentations, and field records were used as the collecting data techniques. The result of the analyses showed, (1) there are two methods that have been used in Right Step Pancoran in applying practical life activities i.e. work cycle and three period lessons, (2) there are some activities that can be done in practical life activity such as transferring, pouring, and cutting, (3) there are purposes and advantages that can develop and stimulate each of the studentâ€™s growth aspects, (4) the practical life activities that have been done and focusing on the childâ€™s fine muscle can stimulate the development of the childrenâ€™s fine motor skill, and (5) the practical life activities that have been done can also stimulate the childrenâ€™s independency by introducing to the activity that can make the children to be more independent.
PENERAPAN MODEL BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK DENGAN TEKNIK PEER GROUP DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERILAKU DISIPLIN MEROKOK
Authors: Rachman Arief
Published: July 2021

This research aims at discovering empirical description of the implementation of group counselling with peer group technique in improving the smoking behavior of female juveniles in Panti Sosial Bina Remaja (PSBR) Bambu Apus, Jakarta Timur. The research conducted as from September through December 2012 was a simple experiment with one group pretest-post test design. The research subjects are seven juveniles supervised by PSBR Bambu Apus, Batch 72. The result of the group counselling was achieved by pre-test and post-test showing the improvement of 19.52 or 33.23 %. The research concluded the implementation of group counselling with peer group technique proves the improvement of smoking behavior of juveniles in PSBR Bambu Apus, Jakarta.
PERILAKU SOSIAL ANAK PEKERJA BATU KALI DI KAMPUNG TAPAK LEBAR
Authors: Putra Mansyur Romadon
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to describe the social behavior of the children of river stone labour in Tapak Lebar village in a primitive social condition along the river bank. As the research subjects, the research involved three children of 5-6 years old. The research was conducted for 8 (eight) months starting from January through August 2015. The research belonged to qualitative research and was classified as an ethnography research. The data was collected by observation, document study, field notes to be analyzed employing Spradley model. The research findings indicate the social behavior of the children in Tapak Lebar village in interacting each other do not reflect etiquette and politeness suitable to polite culture. It is recommended that the local government implement socialization program to anticipate and to prevent the social behavior of the river bank children by establishing educational institutions for them.
MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN BAHASA INGGRIS MELALUI METODE SQ4R
Authors: Herlina Herlina
Published: July 2021

This research aims at obtaining data on improving English reading comprehension skill in Grade III, Labschool Primary School, Setiabudi, South Jakarta. The research subjects were the students of Grade III in the second semester of 2014/2015 school academic year. The research model used Kemmis and Mc. Taggard model covering planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The data of reading comprehension evaluation showed that in the first cycle 55.5 % of the students gained >75 and in the second cycle 83.33 % of them gained >75. While based on the monitoring data, the activities of the teacher and the students were 55 % in the first meeting of the cycle I and increased to 85 % in the first meeting of the cycle II. Therefore, SQ4R method can improve English reading comprehension skill of the Grade III students in Labschool Primary School, Setiabudi, South Jakarta.
прототип атласа "ПАТОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ АНАТОМИЯ COVID-19"
Authors: Зайратьянц Олег , Самсонова Мария , Михалева Людмила , Черняев Андрей , Мишнев Олеко , Крупнов Николай , Калинин Дмитрий
Published: July 2021

Атлас явился итогом аутопсийной работы патологоанатомической службы Москвы по посмертной диагностике проявлений и осложнений COVID-19 в 2000 наблюдениях – самого большого в мире объема вскрытий умерших от COVID-19. Это стало возможным благодаря тому, что в Москве в 100 % случаев летальных исходов с подозрением на COVID-19 производятся патологоанатомические вскрытия с детальным клинико-морфологическим анализом. Результаты исследований легли в основу новой методики, которая детализирует рекомендации ВОЗ по выбору причин смерти у умерших при COVID-19. Применение на практике этой методики позволило усовершенствовать не только учет случаев смерти от COVID-19, но и оказало существенное влияние на подходы к лечению таких пациентов. Вкладом в теорию патологии является введение понятия клинических и морфологических «масок» COVID-19. В атласе представлен широкий спектр проявлений и осложнений COVID-19, что позволит наметить пути изучения их патогенеза и морфогенеза, совершенствовать методы диагностики и лечения больных, детальную классификацию причин смерти, прямо или косвенно связанных с COVID-19.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ТЕЧЕНИЯ ПНЕВМОНИИ ПРИ COVID-19 У ДЕТЕЙ
Authors: Руженцова Татьяна , Хавкина Дарья , Попова Раиса , Чухляев Павел , Гарбузов Александр
Published: July 2021

Цель исследования – изучить особенности клинических проявлений пневмоний, развившихся у детей, больных COVID-19.

Материалы и методы. Проанализированы данные историй болезней 36 детей в возрасте от 8 месяцев до 17 лет, находившихся на лечении в детском инфекционном отделении ГБУЗ МО «МГКБ», г. Мытищи с подтвержденной пневмонией и выявленным SARS-CoV-2 в период с марта по июль 2020 года.

Всем детям в 1-й день госпитализации было проведено обследование: клинический осмотр, пульсоксиметрия, стандартные общеклинические анализы крови и мочи; рентгенологическое исследование органов грудной клетки или КТ органов грудной клетки, биохимический анализ крови; коагулограмма; мазок из носоглотки и ротоглотки на РНК вируса методом ПЦР. Повторные лабораторные и инструментальные исследования проводились по мере необходимости. Из 36 детей большинство пациентов были в возрасте от 8 месяцев до трех лет – 13 человек (36%), с трех до шести лет – 8 человек (22%), с шести до 10 лет – 5 детей (14%), старше 10 лет- 10 детей (28%).

Результаты. Большинство пациентов (96%) имели среднюю степень тяжести заболевания, 4% - легкую. Основными проявлениями были выраженные симптомы интоксикации в виде слабости, сонливости, повышенной утомляемости и снижения аппетита, редкий сухой кашель и повышение температуры тела до субфебрильных цифр (37.3-38.00С). Аускультативно в легких выслушивалось жесткое дыхание (100%), одышка при беспокойстве или физической нагрузке (у 37%), сухие хрипы (чаще в нижних отделах). По локализации превалировала правосторонняя (78%) верхнедолевая (58%) пневмония.

Выводы

1. Клиническая картина пневмонии легкой и средней степени тяжести, возникшая у детей на фоне инфицирования SARS-CoV-2, характеризуется выраженной интоксикацией с отсутствием характерной аускультативной картины.

2. Клинико-лабораторные данные не являются специфичными, по результатам анализа крови чаще выявляется лимфопения с нормальным уровнем лейкоцитов, повышение С-реактивного белка.
ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ СИТУАЦИЯ ПО COVID-19 В ИРКУТСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ И ПРОГНОЗ ЕЕ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ
Authors: Балахонов Сергей , Чеснокова Маргарита , Пережогин Алексей , Никитин Алексей , Каверзина Светлана , Бренева Наталья , Дугаржапова Зоригма , Савиных Дмитрий , Поталицина Наталья , Гаврилова Татьяна , Лиханова Надежда , Чумаченко Ирина , Хакимова Марьяна
Published: July 2021

Широкое распространение новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 в Российской Федерации определяет актуальность оценки конкретной территории по ее эпидемиологической значимости.

Цель исследования. Выявление эпидемиологических особенностей и установление тенденций эпидемического процесса новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 в Иркутской области и прогнозирование ее распространения.

Материалы и методы. Проведен оперативный анализ эпидемиологической ситуации по COVID-19 в Иркутской области по состоянию на 16.08.2020 г., обоснованы ограничительные мероприятия на основании расчета коэффициента распространения инфекции (Rt).

Полученные результаты. Иркутская область по заболеваемости людей COVID-19 на 16.08.2020 г. продолжает оставаться одной из неблагополучных территорий в СФО и Российской Федерации. Определена постепенная динамика развития эпидемического процесса, чему способствовали на первом этапе развития эпидемии завозные случаи из неблагополучных стран и регионов Российской Федерации, в последующем − местная передача. Подъем заболеваемости смещен на 2 месяца позже по сравнению с центральными регионами РФ. Рост случаев инфицирования превалировал среди лиц, пребывающих на вахтовые и сезонные работы в административный центр и северные районы Иркутской области. Определен характер по гендерному, возрастному и социальному проявлениям эпидемического процесса. Показано, что риск заболеваемости новой коронавирусной инфекцией определяется интенсивностью контакта в семейных очагах, распространением в медицинских организациях и значительной долей бессимптомного носительства. Установлены высокие показатели летальности (0,7 %) и смертности (31,1 %ооо) среди лиц старше 65 лет. Наблюдаемый с июня стационарный временной ряд изменения Rt-показателя с колебаниями от 0,92 до 1,01 требует сохранения контроля проводимых ограничительных мероприятий с оперативным принятием управленческих решений, исходя из складывающейся эпидемиологической ситуации в Иркутской области и с учетом оценки рисков ее возможного осложнения.
Scientific and Methodological Bases of Exergetic Analysis of the Processes of Heat Treatment of Concrete Products in Heat Technology Installations. Part 2
Authors: Romaniuk V. N. , Niyakovski A. M.
Published: July 2021

This article is the second part of the research devoted to the exergetic analysis of heat treatment processes of concrete products in heat technology installations. In the first part, the issues of calculating the exergy of a concrete mixture and hardening concrete have been considered, taking into account all the components of the exergy, viz. reaction, concentration and thermomechanical ones. In the present part of the study, exergetic criteria are proposed that make it possible to evaluate the energy efficiency of the operating modes of heat-technological equipment for the heat treatment of concrete products. These include the degree of thermodynamic perfection of a heat-power system, which is used to evaluate the completeness of the use of the exergetic input; thermodynamic efficiency of the system of heat treatment of concrete products in heat technology installations, representing the degree of thermodynamic perfection of the heat power system that is calculated without taking into account all the components of the sum of transit exergies; thermodynamic efficiency of the heat treatment system, taking into account the exergetic efficiency of the system of heat energy production and transportation; the degree of technological perfection that indicates at the portion of the exergy supplied to the heat technology installation for the heat treatment of concrete products is intended to obtain a technological result. To calculate the listed indicators and characteristics, a mathematical apparatus is proposed that takes into account the mass of the concrete product, the specific mass exergy of cement and hardening concrete, the specified degree of hydration of cement in concrete at the end of heat treatment, the exergetic flows supplied to the product in a heat technology installation during its heat treatment, and numerical indicators characterizing the incompleteness of the cement hydration process. The results obtained in this paper are discussed from the viewpoint of their applicability in the selection of heat treatment modes. They can be used in the selection of energy-saving modes of heat-technological equipment for industrial heat treatment of concrete products.
ОЦЕНКА АДАПТИВНОСТИ СТРАН-ЧЛЕНОВ ЕАЭС К ИНВЕСТИЦИОННЫМ ПРОЦЕССАМ В УСЛОВИЯХ АКТИВИЗАЦИИ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ
Authors: МАРГАРЯН А. , СОЛОДОВНИКОВ С. , ГАЛОЯН Д.
Published: July 2021

Решение основных экономических проблем в рамках регионального интеграционного объединения тесно связано с необходимостью улучшения инвестиционных и экономических отношений и структуры экономик, входящих в него стран для повышения конкурентоспособности, как самих этих стран, так и всего объединения в глобальной экономике. Анализ мирового опыта и история становления и развития новых независимых государств в постсоциалистический период показывают, что противостоять вызовам и угрозам XXI века можно лишь на базе многопланового и разностороннего межгосударственного инвестиционного сотрудничества. В данной статье, с помощью эмпирического межотраслевого анализа, оценена связь между макроэкономическими показателями и потоками иностранных инвестиций стран членов Евразийского экономического Мировая экономика и 396 союза с целью выявления чувствительных к инвестициям областей национальных экономик.
ПРЕДМЕТНАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ТЕОРИИ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА
Authors: ТЕЛЕГИНА О.
Published: July 2021

В статье рассмотрена предметная область исследования феномена малого предпринимательства в работах современных американских и европейских исследователей – лауреатов Международной премии за вклад в исследования предпринимательства и малого бизнеса.
СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ РЫНОЧНАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА: ГЕНЕЗИС И ПРИНЦИПЫ СТАНОВЛЕНИЯ И РАЗВИТИЯ
Authors: КЛИМЕНКО В.
Published: July 2021

Рассматриваются генезис и принципы становления и развития социальной рыночной экономики, различные типы экономического порядка (экономических систем), основные виды и методы регулирования государством экономических процессов.
EVALUATION OF THE LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BELARUSIAN ECONOMY
Authors: VASIUCHONAK L.
Published: July 2021

Methods of statistical and functional analysis of technological development are proposed. Calculations carried out within the framework of the functional approach showed that the level of technological development of the Belarusian economy as a whole and the level of technological development of the industry is consistent with the data obtained in the statistical approach and has a weak tendency to grow. The level of technological development of the republic calculated for 2010-2015 is very low – 10-17 million rubles of knowledge and skills per person per year.
'Leading the Way': Women driving peace and security in Afghanistan, the Occupied Palestinian Territory and Yemen
Authors: Pelham Sarah , Göth Tamara , Kamminga Jorrit , Alkadri Husnia , Ehsan Manizha , Tonelli Anna
Published: July 2021

In Afghanistan, the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT) and Yemen, women’s rights organizations are leading efforts to realize the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda, in spite of ongoing conflict, insecurity and occupation. But without national duty bearers and international actors stepping up to meet their commitments, implement National Action Plans (NAPs) and provide resources and support, the full potential of the agenda will not be reached. This briefing paper explores challenges, lessons learned and opportunities related to realizing the WPS agenda, and makes recommendations to a range of national and international stakeholders on how to support its implementation in Afghanistan, OPT and Yemen.
Addressing Unpaid Care and Domestic Work for a Gender-equal and Inclusive Kenya: WE-Care policy briefing
Authors: Oloo Ruth , Parkes Amber
Published: July 2021

Care work is the heartbeat of every society: it contributes to our wellbeing as a nation and is crucial for our social and economic development. Yet the disproportionate responsibility for unpaid care work results in time poverty and significant opportunity costs, particularly among the poorest and most marginalized women and girls. This policy brief outlines why unpaid care work is a critical development, economic and gender equality issue for Kenya. It draws on two sets of evidence from Oxfam’s Women’s Economic Empowerment and Care (WE-Care) programme, which explore the impact of women and girls’ heavy and unequal unpaid care responsibilities both before and during COVID-19.
Local Humanitarian Leadership: The View from Local Actors
Authors: Vera Cesar Allan , Brusola-Vera Ma. Lourdes , Felizco Maria Rosario , Manlutac Janice Ian
Published: July 2021

The global call for localization and locally led emergency response acknowledges the reality that the humanitarian system is currently organized around international actors. More than the limited access to direct funding, the core issue is the power imbalance between local and international actors. In the Philippines, national and local networks of humanitarian, faith-based, developmental organizations and private sector foundations have been conducting and leading small- and large-scale disaster responses for decades. However, the discourse and struggle for localization have grown in recent years due to the prominence and dominance of international humanitarian actors, especially during large-scale emergencies. Oxfam is one of several international organizations that have signed up to the Grand Bargain, Charter for Change and other agreements that push for localization, and Oxfam in the Philippines has embraced the local humanitarian leadership (LHL) approach holistically.
Respiratory Impairment Related To Vaping
Authors: Wysoczańska Anna , Moreira Helena , Barg Ewa
Published: July 2021

The use of electronic cigarettes referred to as “vaping” have a detrimental impact on human health, especially on the respiratory system. Depending on the chemical composition and the frequency and quantity of inhalation exposure, the severity of the symptoms may vary among patients. Here we discuss the main potential triggers for EVALI (e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury). Some vaping-related cellular response mechanisms, including inflammatory response and oxidative stress, and a correlation between vaping and the susceptibility to respiratory infections (including SARS-CoV-2), are presented. In-depth, long-term studies, especially involving cellular responses, are necessary to fully elucidate the process leading to the onset of EVALI symptoms.
Anosmia in SARS-CoV-2 Patients: a Retrospective Study
Authors: Yee ChenHui , Koh Matthew , Tambyah Paul Anantharajah , Allen David , Somani Jyoti , Wang De Yun , Loh Woei-Shyang
Published: July 2021

BackgroundPost viral anosmia has been reported in human coronavirus infections. In this current pandemic, olfactory dysfunction (OD) has emerged as a common key presenting symptom of COVID-19 infection. In this study, we describe OD assessment in the inpatient setting of patients both suspected of and with confirmed COVID-19 infection via University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) objective assessment and a simple self-reported 3-item questionnaire.MethodsThirty patients admitted to the isolation wards of the National University Hospital, Singapore for either suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection from April to May 2020 were recruited to this study. 10 patients who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 were recruited as control subjects. The 20 patients with COVID-19 infection were divided into two groups (10 had olfactory testing performed during the first week of illness, 10 in the second week of illness). A simple 3-question survey was administered to each participant - to rank the severity, state the onset and duration of their hyposmia. Olfactory testing was performed using an English version of the UPSIT.ResultsLoss of smell was reported in 2 participants from the control group, 6 participants from the in the first week of illness and 5 participants from the second week of illness. Two COVID-19 patients have anosmia on the UPSIT. COVID-19 patients were more likely to have severe hyposmia or anosmia by objective assessment, a difference that was statistically significant (P = 0.0485). The differences in degree of OD among COVID-19 patients in their first and second week of illness were not statistically significant (P= 0.6563).ConclusionSelf-reported anosmia was higher among COVID-19 patients compared to controls who were admitted to isolation wards for respiratory symptoms but were tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection. On objective assessment by the UPSIT, COVID-19 patients were found to have higher rates of severe hyposmia or anosmia, a difference that was statistically significant (P = 0.0485). A limitation of this study is the odorants used in UPSIT which may be less familiar to the primarily Asian participants in this study, owing to cultural differences.
Dental pulp stem cells as a therapy for congenital entero-neuropathy
Authors: Kajioka Shunichi , Yoshizumi Junko , Oda Yoshinao , Iwata Naoko , Takai Chiho , Nakayama Shinsuke , Yoshimaru Koichiro , Yamaza Takayoshi , Sonoda Soichiro , Yanagi Yusuke , Taguchi Tomoaki , Matsuura Toshiharu
Published: July 2021

Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR) and its allied disorders are congenital entero-neuropathies with life-long implications in many cases. Here we report the effects of intravenous transplantation of cultured dental pulp stem cells derived from deciduous teeth (dDPSCs) into ‘Japanese fancy-1’ (JF1) mice with entero-neuropathy caused by Ednrb mutation. Intravenously injected dDPSCs (multipotent neural crest cells with low immunogenicity) migrated to affected regions of the intestine through interactions between stromal cell-derived factor-1α and C-X-C chemokine receptor type-4. Notably, transplanted dDPSCs differentiated into both enteric neurons and pacemaker interstitial cells to correct abnormalities in the electrical and mechanical activities of the proximal colon. dDPSC transplantation also led to repair of the small intestinal mucosa, changes in the gastrointestinal microbiota, improvements in nutritional status and prolongation of survival. We anticipate that dDPSC transplantation could be developed into a novel cell-based therapy for HSCR and its allied disorders.
Intraspecific Variation In Plant Economic Traits Predicts Trembling Aspen Resistance To A Generalist Insect Herbivore
Authors: Morrow Clay J. , Jaeger Samuel J. , Lindroth Richard L.
Published: July 2021

Patterns of trait expression within some plant species have recently been shown to follow patterns described by the leaf economics spectrum paradigm. Resistance to herbivores is also expected to covary with leaf economics traits. We selected multiple mature Populus tremuloides genotypes from a common garden to assess whether aspen leaf economics patterns follow those observed among species globally. We also evaluated leaf economics strategies in the context of insect resistance by conducting bioassays to determine the effects of plant traits on preference and performance of Lymantria dispar. We found that: 1) intraspecific trait patterns of P. tremuloides parallel those exhibited by the interspecific leaf economics spectrum, 2) herbivores preferred leaves from genotypes with resource-acquisitive strategies, and 3) herbivores also performed best on genotypes with resource-acquisitive strategies. We conclude that a leaf economics spectrum that incorporates defense traits is a useful tool for explaining intraspecific patterns of variation in plant strategies, including resistance to herbivores.
Relationships Between Dietary Patterns And Low Level Lead Exposure Among Children From Hunan Province of China
Authors: Huang Zhi , Yin Xico-chen , Chen Ming , Li Mei-ling , Chen Bo , Hu Yu-ming
Published: July 2021

Background: Lead (Pb) is a potent environmental toxic metal. Few studies have focused on low-level Pb exposure in children. This study evaluated the relationships of dietary patterns with low-level Pb exposure in children from Hunan province of China.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a single primary school, located in Hunan Province. In total, 425 children were recruited. Principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns based on dietary intake from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The blood lead level (BLLs) was measured. Multivariate regression analysis was used to investigate the correlations of BLLs with dietary patterns. Results: Three dietary patterns were identified: balanced, plant, and beverage and snack. The concentration of blood lead (median (IQR)) was 2 (2, 15.96) μg /L. Only 0.24% children’s BLLs were >100 µg/L and 1.18% children’s BLLs were >50 µg/L. No significant risk association was found between dietary patterns and BLLs by logistic regression analysis based on 50th percentile (P50) of blood lead. However, children’s gender of girl decreased the risk of BLLs (AOR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.85, P=0.006). The plant pattern had weekly positive association with log-Pb (B=0.04, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.08, P=0.035) in group of > P50 by linear regression analysis.Conclusions: BLLs was low among children aged 4–7 years in Hunan province of China. Low BLLs had no association with dietary pattern, mediated by some confounding factors, such as gender. However, diet may become an important source of blood lead with increasing blood lead levels.
Lower Serum Dipeptidyl peptidase-Ⅳ Level is Associated With 3 Types of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases
Authors: zhang Yuanyuan , Fu Ying , Yang Yuxian , Song Jing , Zhao Dong
Published: July 2021

Backgroud:

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are the most common organ specific autoimmune disorders. The reduction of serum dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (sDPPIV) levels have been reported in patients with autoimmune diseases. Few studies have analyzed the association between sDPPIV levels and AITD, especially in Graves’ disease (GD), Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) patients. So the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between sDPP-IV levels and 3 types of AITD, that is Graves’ disease (GD), Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO), Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT).
Methods

65 newly diagnosed GD ,22 GO, 27 HT patients and 30 healthy individuals were recruited for this study. Clinical characteristics and thyroid function data were collected for all participants. sDPP-IV was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results

Compared with the controls, GD patients and GO patients had significantly lower sDPP-IV levels(662.2 ± 38.81 and 438.4 ± 31.78 vs.786.3 ± 46.95, P = 0.01 or P < 0.001). It was also found that in GO individuals, sDPP-IV was lower than in GD subjects(P = 0.002). The lower the sDPP-IV level is, the higher the risk for developing GD or GD will be. In addition, sDPP-IV levels have negative association with the antithyroid peroxidase antibody(TGab)(r =-0.20, p = 0.02) and antithyroglobulin antibody(TPOab)(r =-0.19, p = 0.03). But there was no significant relationship between thyroid hormone and sDPP-IV levels.GO parients were groups by proptosis with and without muscle thicken,the sDPP-IV levels in proptosis with muscle thicken were lower than proptosis without muscle thicken(P < 0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that sDPP4 were negatively correlated with GO and GD.
Conclusions

Take together, the present study showed for the first time that sDPP-IV concentrations are aberrant in GD and GO patients and that the reduced sDPP-IV expression may be involved in the progression of GO and GD diseases.
Differences in Immune Indicators and Prognosis Between IgG4-Positive and Negative Lacrimal Gland Benign Lymphoepithelial Lesion
Authors: Liu Rui , Wang Nan , Wang Jinjin , Li Jing , Ge Xin , Zhang Jingxue , Ma Jianmin
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The differences in immune indicators and prognosis between IgG4-positive and negative lacrimal gland benign lymphoepithelial lesion (LGBLEL) were analyzed.Methods: This was a single-center retrospective clinical study. Clinical data of 146 patients with LGBLEL were collected from June 2011 to June 2019. Results: The age, preoperative glucocorticoid history, and serum C3, C4, IgG, IgG2, IgG4 had statistical difference between the IgG4-positive and negative groups (P<0.05). The expression levels of IgG and IgG4 in the IgG-positive group with preoperative glucocorticoid therapy were lower than those in the IgG4-negative group without preoperative glucocorticoid therapy (P=0.021 and P=0.013). The 5-year recurrence-free cumulative percentages of IgG4-positive group was 81.85%, and 83.46% in the IgG-negative group, which had no statistical difference (P=0.216). The history of preoperative glucocorticoid therapy, serum C4, IgG1 and IgG2 were the factors affecting IgG4-positive LGBLEL’ recurrence, while the history of preoperative glucocorticoid therapy, serum C4, and IgG1 were the factors affecting LGBLEL’ recurrence (P<0.05).Conclusion: Serum C3, C4, IgG, IgG2, IgG4 had statistical difference between the IgG4-positive and negative LGBLEL. The history of preoperative glucocorticoid therapy, serum C4 and IgG1 were the factors affecting LGBLEL’ recurrence, while the expression level of IgG4 was not the factor affecting LGBLEL’ recurrence.
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for Hysterectomy - A Systematic Review
Authors: O'Sullivan Sarah Louise , Iranloye Rhoda
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is an evidence-based recovery programme that aids in the recovery time following major surgery to improve clinical outcomes while reducing demand on impatient beds. Previous studies from multiple specialities have demonstrated positive effects of ERAS, including colorectal, liver and pancreatic surgery with ERAS pathways becoming part of normal practice. The aim of this study was to systematically review the impact of ERAS in hysterectomy for benign conditions. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was undertaken using CINAHL, EMBASE and PubMed using the search terms ‘Multi-modal’ or ‘fast track’ or ‘ERAS’ or ‘enhanced recovery’ or ‘same day discharge’ and ‘hysterectomy. In accordance with the PRISMA checklist, articles were selected for inclusion based on predetermined criteria, and a narrative synthesis was used to systematically review the selected articles. Results: Eight articles describing the use of ERAS protocols in hysterectomy for benign conditions were identified. Three were cohort studies, three randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and two case-control studies. While there were no significant differences in postoperative pain, patient satisfaction, postoperative complications, or readmissions between groups, length of stay and cost were both decreased in the ERAS groups. Conclusions: The use of ERAS protocols for hysterectomy resulted in reduced length of stay without increasing rates of complications or readmissions.
Morindone From Morinda Citrifolia as a Potential Antiproliferative Agent Against Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Chee Cheok Wui , Zamakshshari Nor hisam , Lee Vannajan , Abdullah Iskandar , Othman Rozana , Lee Yean Kee , Hashim Najihah Mohd , Rashid Nurshamimi Nor
Published: July 2021

There is an increasing demand in developing new, effective, and affordable anti-cancer against colon and rectal. In this study, our aim is to identify the potential anthraquinone compounds from the root bark of Morinda citrifolia to be tested in vitro against colorectal cancer cell lines. Eight potential anthraquinone compounds were successfully isolated, purified and tested for both in-silico and in-vitro analyses. Based on the in-silico prediction, two anthraquinones, morindone and rubiadin, exhibit a comparable binding affinity towards multitargets of β-catenin, MDM2-p53 and KRAS. Subsequently, we constructed a 2D interaction analysis based on the above results and it suggests that the predicted anthraquinones from Morinda citrifolia offer an attractive starting point for potential antiproliferative agents against colorectal cancer. In vitro analyses further indicated that morindone and damnacanthal have significant cytotoxicity effect and selectivity activity against colorectal cancer cell lines.
Predictive Factors Related To Brucellosis Prevention Among Livestock Farmers Based on The PRECEDE-PROCEED Model
Authors: kalan Ebrahim , Narimani Sajjad , Maleki Ali , Zarehoseinzadeh Elham , Shaker Hamidreza , Ahmadi Fatemeh
Published: July 2021

Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases that wreaking havoc on economy of rural communities and society in general. In this study we sought to determine the predictive factors related to brucellosis prevention among livestock farmers in rural areas of Germi county. In a cross-sectional analytical study, 365 Livestock farmers in villages of Germi were selected using cluster sampling. Educational needs assessment about brucellosis were assessed using the questionnaire comprising 4 modules; first module included demographic characteristics and other 3 modules assessed the components of PRECEDE-PROCEED Model (i.e., predisposing factors, enabling factors, and Reinforcement factors). A high average (M = 64.5 ± 6) knowledge about the transmission of brucellosis was observed among livestock farmers. However, the mean of attitude scores (about the regular visit of animals by the veterinarian and the effects of the disease on health status) were low (M = 27 ± 3.3). Enabling factors (having protective equipment, access to pasteurized dairy products, keeping livestock outside the village and vaccination of livestock) had the low average (M = 35 ± 8.7). Enabling factors and reinforcement factors were strongly correlated (r = 0.338,p = 0.001). This study indicated that increasing of enabling factors can lead to livestock empowerment and brucellosis prevention among them in rural areas of Germi county.