bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Residual behavior of the potential grain fumigant 1‐octen‐3‐ol in wheat during fumigation and ventilation processes
Authors: Cui Kaidi , Yang Song , Zou Nan , He Leiming , Zhang Tao , Liu Feng , Mu Wei
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Our previous works indicated that 1‐octen‐3‐ol has promising potential as an alternative grain fumigant. However, aside from its insecticidal efficacy, the presence of 1‐octen‐3‐ol residues in grains must be investigated to assess its food safety profile.

RESULTS

A convenient and sensitive QuEChERS based GC–MS/MS method was developed to detect residues of 1‐octen‐3‐ol in wheat. The sample pretreatment procedures were optimized. The developed method showed good linearity (R2 = 0.9999) and negligible matrix effects. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for 1‐octen‐3‐ol were 0.003 and 0.01 mg kg–1, respectively. Recoveries at spiked concentration levels of 0.01, 0.5, 10, 100 and 200 mg kg–1 ranged from 90.8% to 112.4%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs, n = 5) ranged from 1.2 to 7.5%. In the fumigation process during wheat storage, there were positive correlations between the accumulation rate and fumigation concentration as well as between the accumulation amounts and fumigation time. In the ventilation process, temperature significantly affected the dissipation dynamics of 1‐octen‐3‐ol in wheat, and the t1/2 values at ventilation temperatures of 30 and 5 °C for 0.1 μL mL–1 were 0.16 and 21.80 days, respectively, representing a 136‐fold difference.

CONCLUSION

Preservers can regulate the ventilation temperature to achieve different goals, with either a long duration period for long‐term storage or rapid dissipation for quick food consumption. This study provides guidance on the reasonable usage of 1‐octen‐3‐ol on wheat and other stored grains.

© 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Gender differences in the impact of residential mobility on subjective well‐being in later life: Evidence from Guangzhou, China
Authors: Su Lingling , Zhou Suhong , Wen Ping , Zhang Xue , Song Jie
Published: February 2021

In recent decades, China has experienced rapid urbanisation and institutional transition. Most studies do not test the complex impact of residential mobility at different life course stages on subjective well‐being in later life, especially in the context of this rapid transition of Chinese society. Using the complete residential mobility history of 772 people aged over 60 years obtained from a survey conducted in Guangzhou in 2016, this study analyses gender differences in the impact of residential mobility on subjective well‐being in later life through accumulation models and sensitive period models of life course. The results show that there is a clear graded relationship (gradient descending) between the accumulation of residential mobility at different stages of the life course and subjective well‐being in later life for men, which supports the accumulation model. Middle age (45–59 years) is the sensitive period for men's residential mobility, which has an independent positive impact on their subjective well‐being in later life. However, there is no evidence to support the accumulation model for women. Middle age (45–59 years) and old age (60+ years) are the sensitive periods for women's residential mobility, with independent negative effects on their subjective well‐being in later life. The mechanism of the different impacts for men and women and the implications are discussed in the context of Chinese society.
On kernel machine learning for propensity score estimation under complex confounding structures
Authors: Zou Baiming , Mi Xinlei , Tighe Patrick J. , Koch Gary G. , Zou Fei
Published: February 2021

Post marketing data offer rich information and cost‐effective resources for physicians and policy‐makers to address some critical scientific questions in clinical practice. However, the complex confounding structures (e.g., nonlinear and nonadditive interactions) embedded in these observational data often pose major analytical challenges for proper analysis to draw valid conclusions. Furthermore, often made available as electronic health records (EHRs), these data are usually massive with hundreds of thousands observational records, which introduce additional computational challenges. In this paper, for comparative effectiveness analysis, we propose a statistically robust yet computationally efficient propensity score (PS) approach to adjust for the complex confounding structures. Specifically, we propose a kernel‐based machine learning method for flexibly and robustly PS modeling to obtain valid PS estimation from observational data with complex confounding structures. The estimated propensity score is then used in the second stage analysis to obtain the consistent average treatment effect estimate. An empirical variance estimator based on the bootstrap is adopted. A split‐and‐merge algorithm is further developed to reduce the computational workload of the proposed method for big data, and to obtain a valid variance estimator of the average treatment effect estimate as a by‐product. As shown by extensive numerical studies and an application to postoperative pain EHR data comparative effectiveness analysis, the proposed approach consistently outperforms other competing methods, demonstrating its practical utility.
What abates carbon emissions in China: Examining the impact of renewable energy and green investment
Authors: Huang Yongming , Xue Lian , Khan Zeeshan
Published: February 2021

With a rising trend in global CO2 emissions due to industrialization, the role of renewable energy, technological innovation and green investment in curbing is critical. The main contribution of the current paper is to examine the impact of green investment, renewable energy consumption and technological innovation on CO2 emissions of 30 sample provinces of China from 1995–2019. The results of CS‐ARDL approach shows that renewable energy, technological innovation and green investment is important in abating CO2 emissions in China. Also, EKC for provincial data of China is confirmed. However, financial development escalates carbon emissions in China. It is also found that any policy change in green investment, financial development, renewable energy, technological innovation, and natural resource rent has strong implications for environmental quality of China. Therefore, shifting the economic structure to renewable energy is an important strategy to reduce carbon emissions. It is suggested that an adequate level of green investment projects should be initiated. Appropriate regulatory and economic drivers can boost investment businesses with more resources provided for the promotion of technical assistance.
A dyadic approach to stress and prenatal depression in first‐time parents: The mediating role of marital satisfaction
Authors: Mangialavori Sonia , Cacioppo Marco , Terrone Grazia , O'Hara Michael W.
Published: February 2021

In the field of perinatal clinical psychology, most studies focus on mothers' psychological states during pregnancy, neglecting the role of their partners. This study used an Actor‐Partner Interdependence Mediation Model to evaluate the mediating role of dyadic satisfaction on the relationship between perceived stress and prenatal depressive symptomatology in both members of male‐female‐mixed‐gender couples who were expecting their first child. One hundred thirty‐eight couples in their third trimester of pregnancy were asked to complete questionnaires about perceived stress, dyadic adjustment, and depression. The model revealed that there was an intrapersonal indirect effect of fathers' perceived stress on prenatal paternal depression through their marital satisfaction. Moreover, an interpersonal indirect effect was found with mothers' perceived stress being associated with prenatal paternal depression through fathers' dyadic satisfaction. Maternal indirect effects were all non‐significant, suggesting that their dyadic satisfaction and that of their partner did not mediate the relation between their perceived stress and that of their partner and their prenatal depression. Findings support the importance of assessing the dyadic satisfaction of couples during pregnancy, especially in expectant fathers, and targeting it in the psychological support offered to couples as a way of improving their prenatal distress, and consequently, their mental health.
A Fishing‐Net‐Like 3D Host for Robust and Ultrahigh‐Rate Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Le TrungHieu , Yang Ciqing , Liang Qinghua , Huang Xiehe , Kang Feiyu , Yang Ying
Published: February 2021

Constructing an architectural host is demonstrated to be an effective strategy for long‐life lithium metal anodes (LMAs). Herein, an integrated 3D host for stable and ultrahigh‐rate LMAs is developed by a binary highly conductive network of 2D reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and 1D carbon nanofibers (CNF) anchored with 0D ultrasmall MgZnO nanoparticles (MgZnO/CNF‐rGO). A facile net‐fishing strategy is proposed to combine the rGO nanosheets with free‐standing CNF matrix as interconnected paths for fast electron transport. Notably, serving as Li nucleation sites, the superlithiophilic MgZnO nanoparticles are uniformly distributed and tightly contacted with the conductive matrix without agglomeration due to the rGO confinement. Such a delicate nanoscale combination guarantees the effective transportation and uniform deposition of Li‐ions in the inner surface of the host. The symmetric cell of Li@MgZnO/CNF‐rGO exhibits a long lifespan above 1450 cycles under an ultrahigh current density of 50 mA cm−2 with an areal capacity of 1.0 mAh cm−2. Impressively, it also delivers a high reversible capacity of 10 mAh cm−2 at 50 mA cm−2. This work offers an avenue to promise the prospect for practical LMAs working under high rates and capacities.
Application of Micro/Nanofabrication Techniques to On‐Chip Molecular Electronics
Authors: Lu Zhixing , Zheng Jueting , Shi Jie , Zeng Biao‐Feng , Yang Yang , Hong Wenjing , Tian Zhong‐Qun
Published: February 2021

Molecular electronics is a promising subject to overcome the size limitation of silicon‐based electronic devices. In the past decades, various micro/nanofabrication techniques have been developed for constructing molecular junctions, and a number of breakthroughs are made in the characterizations and applications of the single‐molecule device. The history and progress are reviewed in this article, laying emphasis on the recent works on the combination of micro/nanofabrication techniques with other techniques such as electrochemical deposition and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Some prototypical single‐molecule devices such as molecular transistors are presented. Finally, the challenges and prospects in the fabrication of single‐molecule devices are discussed.
Count‐valued time series models for COVID‐19 daily death dynamics
Authors: Palmer William R , Davis Richard A , Zheng Tian
Published: February 2021

We propose a generalized non‐linear state‐space model for count‐valued time series of COVID‐19 fatalities. To capture the dynamic changes in daily COVID‐19 death counts, we specify a latent state process that involves second‐order differencing and an AR(1)‐ARCH(1) model. These modelling choices are motivated by the application and validated by model assessment. We consider and fit a progression of Bayesian hierarchical models under this general framework. Using COVID‐19 daily death counts from New York City's five boroughs, we evaluate and compare the considered models through predictive model assessment. Our findings justify the elements included in the proposed model. The proposed model is further applied to time series of COVID‐19 deaths from the four most populous counties in Texas. These model fits illuminate dynamics associated with multiple dynamic phases and show the applicability of the framework to localities beyond New York City.
Fracture monitoring of steel and GFRP reinforced concrete beams using acoustic emission and digital image correlation techniques
Authors: Sharma Gaurav , Sharma Shruti , Sharma Sandeep K.
Published: February 2021

In this work, fracture monitoring of steel and GFRP bars reinforced concrete beams in flexure is investigated by using non‐destructive acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC) techniques. The combined methodology provides complementary information from 'the ear' aided by the AE and from 'the eye' aided by the DIC. AE waveform parameters of the number of AE hits and their amplitudes, cumulative signal strength (CSS), average frequency, and rise‐time successfully pick‐up the divergent cracking initiation and fracture progression in steel‐reinforced concrete (RC) and GFRP‐RC beams. AE‐XY plots and longitudinal strain profiles obtained from DIC give an early, online, and real‐time representation of progressive AE activity and strains inside concrete much before it is visible to the naked eye. AE in conjunction with DIC was able to efficaciously depict the micro‐and‐macro cracks evolution and their advancement in steel‐RC and GFRP‐RC at various stages of loading Moreover, DIC identified critical damage areas as a function of loading periods, while AE was capable of monitoring the damage process and revealed changes in the overall behavior. It is successfully demonstrated that combined AE and DIC monitoring can enhance non‐destructive monitoring skills in RC structures involving widely different steel and GFRP bars as reinforcements and depict efficaciously their fracture/cracking behavior.
Features of a rare peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour arising from the thoracic spine in a juvenile canine patient
Authors: Hespel Adrien‐Maxence , de Swarte Marie , Anderson Kimberly , Weiss Richard , Hathcock John
Published: February 2021

Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumours are rare tumours in juveniles. The current patient was a paraplegic 8‐month‐old Scottish deerhound with a suspected pulmonary mass. Radiographically, there was a large extrapleural mass within the mid‐left hemithorax. On MRI, the mass was mainly hyperintense on T2‐weighted images, isointense on T1‐weighted images and was heterogeneously strongly contrast enhancing with a multilobulated appearance, spinal cord compression, paraspinal musculature invasion and intrathoracic extension. Those changes were confirmed on post‐mortem, and the mass diagnosed based on immunohistochemistry.
Molecular surveillance of tick‐borne diseases affecting horses in Poland—Own observations
Authors: Teodorowski Oliwier , Kalinowski Marcin , Winiarczyk Dagmara , Janecki Radosław , Winiarczyk Stanisław , Adaszek Łukasz
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the study was to carry out the molecular surveillance of piroplasmosis, granulocytic anaplasmosis and lyme borreliosis in horses which originated from Poland and exhibited symptoms raising the suspicion of the aforementioned disease units. The presence ofTheileria equigenetic material was detected in 37 out of 512 examined horses (7.2%), andAnaplasma phagocytophilumin 9 (1.8%). The DNA ofBorrelia burgdorferiwas found in 11 out of 204 examined horses (5.4%). The above‐cited results indicate that the problem of tick‐borne diseases affecting horses in Poland is not as significant as in other parts of Europe, however they have to be considered in differential diagnosis of the diseases with lethargy, fever, anaemia and thrombocytopenia.
Hospital Accreditation: A Solution for Iranian Challenges or a Challenge for the Hospitals?
Authors: Bastani Peivand , Bordbar Najmeh , Golestanmanesh Fatemeh , Kavosi Zahra , Pourmohammadi Kimia , Kashefian‐Naeeini Sara , Ravangard Ramin
Published: February 2021

As accreditation is of great significance for hospitals, this study aimed to explain the accreditation challenges of Iranian hospitals through a content analysis approach. A qualitative and thematic analysis study was conducted through the content analysis method in 2018. Nineteen semi‐structured interviews were conducted with experts and the data were saturated. To increase the accuracy and precision of the study, Guba and Lincoln's four criteria including credibility, dependability, conformability, and transferability were used. MAX QDA10 was used for data analysis via the five‐step framework analysis approach. The findings identified 5 main themes and 29 subthemes. The main themes included macro and policymaking issues, evaluators' issues, structures, and processes, executive issues, and accreditation measures. All of them contain related subthemes that indicate the national challenges of implementing hospital accreditation in the country. Iranian hospitals need to implement major changes in applying accreditation as a quality assurance mechanism. In other words, it seems necessary for policymakers affiliated with the Ministry of Health and Medical Education to revise accreditation measures according to hospital needs and try to clarify the structure and executive process of the accreditation. Moreover, improving and standardizing the evaluators' skills is recommended.
Impact of Electricity Market Designs on Investments in Flexibility Options
Authors: Fraunholz Christoph , Bublitz Andreas , Keles Dogan , Fichtner Wolf
Published: February 2021

Against the background of several European countries implementing capacity remuneration mechanisms (CRM) as an extension to the energy-only market (EOM), this chapter provides a quantitative assessment of the long-term cross-border effects of CRMs in the European electricity system. For this purpose, several scenario analyses are carried out using the electricity market model PowerACE. Three different market design settings are investigated, namely, a European EOM, national CRM policies, and a coordinated CRM. The introduction of CRMs proves to be an effective measure substantially shifting investment incentives toward the countries implementing the mechanisms. However, CRMs increase generation adequacy also in the respective neighboring countries, indicating that free riding occurs. A coordinated approach therefore seems preferable in terms of both lower wholesale electricity prices and generation adequacy.
Assessing Social Impacts in Current and Future Electricity Production in the European Union
Authors: Brown Nils , Lindén David
Published: February 2021

In this chapter social impacts of European electricity production are compared between the current situation and the REFLEX scenarios for 2050 from a life cycle perspective using the SOCA tool. The analyses indicate that for a limited number of social impact categories the SOCA add-on tool can identify geographic locations where improvement in social performance may non-negligibly improve the social impacts for future energy systems. Results show that gas supply from Russia is a major cause of social impact for all future scenarios in the subcategory “fair salary” due to the fact that the minimum wage is below the living wage in the country. The specific process for electricity generation in Europe contributes to social impacts in the same category to a lesser extent.
Spatially Disaggregated Impact Pathway Analysis of Direct Particulate Matter Emissions
Authors: Zyśk Janusz , Wyrwa Artur , Sliz-Szkliniarz Beata
Published: February 2021

This chapter focuses on the evaluation of air quality and health impacts associated with direct emissions of air pollutants for different REFLEX scenarios based on the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response framework. Ambient concentration of air pollutants is calculated with the use of the Polyphemus Air Quality System. Health impacts are calculated using the concentration-response functions. Results show that particulate matter emissions in Europe will decrease by 10 times till 2050. Also ambient pollutants concentrations decrease in 2050 in all REFLEX scenarios. This leads to the reduction of external costs of almost 20 billion EUR per year.
Creating an Evidence Base for Social Work, Group Work, and Psychodrama
Authors: Giacomucci Scott
Published: February 2021

This chapter is devoted to outlining the research literature of psychodrama and group therapy. Evidence-based practice trends and their impact on practice in the field of social work are described. Psychodrama is also framed within the research bases of the humanistic-experiential psychotherapies, creative arts therapies, and body- and movement-oriented therapies. While the quality and quantity of research available on the effectiveness of psychodrama are limited, current findings support its use to as a treatment for various mental health conditions. Shortcomings and critiques of research in psychodrama are included while indicating a need for higher quality psychodrama research studies. The research history of psychodrama’s founder, Jacob Moreno, is also described to provide insight on psychodrama’s historical relationship to research.
Advanced Psychodrama Directing
Authors: Giacomucci Scott
Published: February 2021

Advanced psychodrama directing techniques are presented in this chapter. These advanced interventions offer a depiction of the level of clinical sophistication demonstrated by expert psychodrama directors. The awareness of group sociometry within the psychodrama enactment is described while portraying the multiple layers of object relations activated for participants in a psychodrama session. Advanced techniques for involving audience group members and deepening the emotional involvement of auxiliary role players are discussed. Also included in this chapter are an overview of clinical role assignments, facilitating moments of multiple protagonists, and constructively using projective identification in the group process. Content from the Therapeutic Spiral Model is offered, specifically the practice of prescribing strengths-based roles and considerations for safely facilitating scenes with trauma-based roles. Multiple strategies are offered for de-roling when more emotionally charged roles are played by group members.
History of Social Work with Groups in Practice and Education
Authors: Giacomucci Scott
Published: February 2021

This chapter outlines a brief history of social work with groups including its place within the larger social work field and the landscapes of group work practice and education. Basic theory and concepts in social work with groups are presented including mutual aid, the centrality of relationships, and an introduction to the non-deliberative social work tradition. The presence of group work in social work practice has significantly increased due as research studies have piled up to support its efficacy. Nevertheless, at the same time, the presence of group work in social work education has steadily declined in the past several decades.
Sociometry and Social Work Theory
Authors: Giacomucci Scott
Published: February 2021

The congruence of sociometry theory and social work theories is covered in detail in this chapter. The social atom, cultural atom, and sociogram are described with visual depictions. Moreno’s theories of interpersonal connection, social networks, and society are depicted while introducing sociometry terms such as the sociodynamic effect, tele, and the organic unity of mankind. Sociometry’s connection to social work’s person-in-environment theories is emphasized while also considering the shared concern for how social forces impact individuals and groups.
Trauma, Social Work, and Psychodrama
Authors: Giacomucci Scott
Published: February 2021

The history and principles of trauma-informed practice in social work are presented while differentiating trauma-informed and trauma-focused practices. The practice of trauma-focused group therapy and trauma-focused psychodrama is outlined while acknowledging the recent calls for increased trauma content in graduate curriculums. Safety, play, and spontaneity are elevated as core elements in psychodrama’s effectiveness in working with trauma survivors. Psychodrama’s unique capacity for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is presented while outlining two trauma-focused psychodrama models—the Therapeutic Spiral Model and the Relational Trauma Repair Model.
4d F(4) gauged supergravity and black holes of class ℱ
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Morteza , Hristov Kiril
Published: February 2021

Abstract

We perform a consistent reduction of 6d matter-coupled F(4) supergravity on a compact Riemann surface $$ {\Sigma}_{\mathfrak{g}} $$

Σ
g

of genus $$ \mathfrak{g} $$
g
, at the level of the bosonic action. The result is an $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 gauged supergravity coupled to two vector multiplets and a single hypermultiplet. The four-dimensional model is holographically dual to the 3d superconformal field theories of class ℱ, describing different brane systems in massive type IIA and IIB wrapped on $$ {\Sigma}_{\mathfrak{g}} $$

Σ
g

. The naive reduction leads to a non-standard 4d mixed duality frame with both electric and magnetic gauge fields, as well as a massive tensor, that can be only described in the embedding tensor formalism. Upon a chain of electromagnetic dualities, we are able to determine the scalar manifolds and electric gaugings that uniquely specify the model in the standard supergravity frame. We then use the result to construct the first examples of static dyonic black holes in AdS6 and perform a microscopic counting of their entropy via the 5d topologically twisted index. Finally, we show the existence of further subtruncations to the massless sector of the 4d theory, such as the Fayet-Iliopoulos gauged T3 model and minimal gauged supergravity. We are in turn able to find new asymptotically AdS4 solutions, providing predictions for the squashed S3 partition functions and the superconformal and refined twisted indices of class ℱ theories.
Incremental holistic controller
Authors: Weinmann Alexander
Published: February 2021

The trace of inverse coefficient matrix method in state space is used to implement and simplify an iterative design of a control system with main interest in increasing dynamical performance quality or to check if stability danger exists. The $\tau $
τ
-locus is a helpful design element. Various applications and examples are presented for illustration.
Covariance matrix forecasting using support vector regression
Authors: Fiszeder Piotr , Orzeszko Witold
Published: February 2021

Support vector regression is a promising method for time-series prediction, as it has good generalisability and an overall stable behaviour. Recent studies have shown that it can describe the dynamic characteristics of financial processes and make more accurate forecasts than other machine learning techniques. The first main contribution of this paper is to propose a methodology for dynamic modelling and forecasting covariance matrices based on support vector regression using the Cholesky decomposition. The procedure is applied to range-based covariance matrices of returns, which are estimated on the basis of low and high prices. Such prices are most often available with closing prices for many financial series and contain more information about volatility and relationships between returns. The methodology guarantees the positive definiteness of the forecasted covariance matrices and is flexible, as it can be applied to different dependence patterns. The second contribution of the paper is to show with an example of the exchange rates from the forex market that the covariance matrix forecasts calculated using the proposed approach are more accurate than the forecasts from the benchmark dynamic conditional correlation model. The advantage of the suggested procedure is higher during turbulent periods, i.e., when forecasting is the most difficult and accurate forecasts matter most.
Trait positions for elevated invasiveness in adaptive ecological networks
Authors: Hui Cang , Richardson David M. , Landi Pietro , Minoarivelo Henintsoa O. , Roy Helen E. , Latombe Guillaume , Jing Xin , CaraDonna Paul J. , Gravel Dominique , Beckage Brian , Molofsky Jane
Published: February 2021

Our ability to predict the outcome of invasion declines rapidly as non-native species progress through intertwined ecological barriers to establish and spread in recipient ecosystems. This is largely due to the lack of systemic knowledge on key processes at play as species establish self-sustaining populations within the invaded range. To address this knowledge gap, we present a mathematical model that captures the eco-evolutionary dynamics of native and non-native species interacting within an ecological network. The model is derived from continuous-trait evolutionary game theory (i.e., Adaptive Dynamics) and its associated concept of invasion fitness which depicts dynamic demographic performance that is both trait mediated and density dependent. Our approach allows us to explore how multiple resident and non-native species coevolve to reshape invasion performance, or more precisely invasiveness, over trait space. The model clarifies the role of specific traits in enabling non-native species to occupy realised opportunistic niches. It also elucidates the direction and speed of both ecological and evolutionary dynamics of residing species (natives or non-natives) in the recipient network under different levels of propagule pressure. The versatility of the model is demonstrated using four examples that correspond to the invasion of (i) a horizontal competitive community; (ii) a bipartite mutualistic network; (iii) a bipartite antagonistic network; and (iv) a multi-trophic food web. We identified a cohesive trait strategy that enables the success and establishment of non-native species to possess high invasiveness. Specifically, we find that a non-native species can achieve high levels of invasiveness by possessing traits that overlap with those of its facilitators (and mutualists), which enhances the benefits accrued from positive interactions, and by possessing traits outside the range of those of antagonists, which mitigates the costs accrued from negative interactions. This ‘central-to-reap, edge-to-elude’ trait strategy therefore describes the strategic trait positions of non-native species to invade an ecological network. This model provides a theoretical platform for exploring invasion strategies in complex adaptive ecological networks.
Multi-criteria Evaluation in Strategic Environmental Assessment in the Creation of a Sustainable Agricultural Waste Management Plan for wineries: Case Study: Oplenac Vineyard
Authors: Josimović Boško , Krunić Nikola , Gajić Aleksandra , Manić Božidar
Published: February 2021

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), as a support to strategic planning, is a starting point in the creation of a sustainable concept of managing waste that is based on the principles of a circular economy. The role of SEA is to guide the planning process towards the goal of securing the best effects in relation to the quality of the living environment and the socio-economic aspects of development. SEA is also an instrument that can be used when making optimal decisions about spatial development, which further contributes to its importance and role in the planning process. The implementation of SEA allows developers to establish the benefits and implications of the proposed spatial changes, taking into account the capacity of the space to sustain the planned development, and to determine the degree of acceptability of the proposed spatial changes. This paper presents a specific method used for impact assessment in SEA for the Agro-Waste Management Plan (AWMP) for Oplenac Vineyard. The specificity of this method is that it combines specific goals, indicators and criteria for assessing the effect of planning solutions formulated in the simulated AWMP for Oplenac Vineyard using a semi-quantitative expert method. The results of the paper indicate the possibility of using GIS tools to increase objectivity in the expert evaluation of planning solutions, particularly in relation to a group of criteria for assessing the spatial dispersion of the impacts. This reduces the subjectivity that is characteristic of all expert methods. The graphical presentation of the results in GIS technology and the use of matrices and graphs to present the results makes them easier to understand and creates a good basis for making optimal decisions on future activities concerning the elimination of waste from wineries and viticulture. The research was carried out within the framework of the NoAW project, which is supported by the European Commission through the Horizon2020 research and innovation program.
Reliable Residual-Based Error Estimation for the Finite Cell Method
Authors: Di Stolfo Paolo , Schröder Andreas
Published: February 2021

In this work, the reliability of a residual-based error estimator for the Finite Cell method is established. The error estimator is suitable for the application of hp-adaptive finite elements and allows for Neumann boundary conditions on curved boundaries. The reliability proof of the error estimator relies on standard arguments of residual-based a posteriori error control, but includes several modifications with respect to the error contributions associated with the volume residuals as well as the jumps across inner edges and Neumann boundary parts. Important ingredients of the proof are Stein’s extension theorem and a modified trace theorem which estimates the norm of the trace on (curved) boundary parts in terms of the local mesh size and polynomial degree. The efficiency of the error estimator is also considered by discussing an artificial example which yields an efficiency index depending on the mesh-family parameter h. Numerical experiments on more realistic domains, however, suggest global efficiency with the occurrence of a large overestimation on only few cut elements. In the experiments the reliability of the error estimator is demonstrated for h- and p-uniform as well as for hp-geometric and h-adaptive refinements driven by the error estimator. The practical applicability of the error estimator is also studied for a 3D problem with a non-smooth solution.
Management of multiple brain metastases: a patterns of care survey within the German Society for Radiation Oncology
Authors: Kraft Johannes , Mayinger Michael , Willmann Jonas , Brown Michelle , Tanadini-Lang Stephanie , Wilke Lotte , Guckenberger Matthias , Andratschke Nicolaus
Published: February 2021

Purpose

The treatment of brain metastases (BM) has changed considerably in recent years and in particular, the management of multiple BM is currently undergoing a paradigm shift and treatment may differ from current guidelines. This survey was designed to analyze the patterns of care in the management of multiple BM.

Methods

An online survey consisting of 36 questions was distributed to the members of the German Society for Radiation Oncology (DEGRO).

Results

In total, 193 physicians out of 111 institutions within the German Society for Radiation oncology responded to the survey. Prognostic scores for decision making were not used regularly. Whole brain radiotherapy approaches (WBRT) are the preferred treatment option for patients with multiple BM, although stereotactic radiotherapy treatments are chosen by one third depending on prognostic scores and overall number of BM. Routine hippocampal avoidance (HA) in WBRT is only used by a minority. In multiple BM of driver-mutated non-small cell lung cancer origin up to 30% favor sole TKI therapy as upfront treatment and would defer upfront radiotherapy.

Conclusion

In multiple BM WBRT without hippocampal avoidance is still the preferred treatment modality of choice regardless of GPA and mutational status, while SRT is only used in patients with good prognosis. Evidence for both, SRS and hippocampal avoidance radiotherapy, is growing albeit the debate over the appropriate treatment in multiple BM is yet not fully clarified. Further prospective assessment of BM management—ideally as randomized trials—is required to align evolving concepts with the proper evidence and to update current guidelines.
Planar efficient metasurface for generation of Bessel beam and super-resolution focusing
Authors: Li Dancui , Wang Xiaorui , Ling Jinzhong , Yuan Ying
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we propose a device generating Bessel beam that can assist microscope to enhance resolution of microscope to λ/3. As the conventional optical devices of generating Bessel beam have some drawbacks, such as low efficiency, and bulky volume, we design plane-axicons for generating Bessel beam using the principle of phase superposition. The designed plane-axicons can generate Bessel beams with zero-order and higher-order by changing topological charge n. We also demonstrate the FWHMs of plane-axicons about as small as λ/3 and have FWHMs with weak fluctuations independent of wavelength across the visible spectrum, which means the Bessel beam can be used to increase resolution of microscope. These performances make the plane-axicons can also enable other advanced research and applications related to Bessel beams ranging from laser fabrication to optical manipulation.
Pinpointing Brain TREM2 Levels in Two Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Meier Silvio R. , Sehlin Dag , Hultqvist Greta , Syvänen Stina
Published: February 2021

Purpose

The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is expressed by brain microglia. Microglial activation, as observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as well as in transgenic mice expressing human amyloid-beta, appears to increase soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) levels in CSF and brain. In this study, we used two different transgenic mouse models of AD pathology and investigated the potential of TREM2 to serve as an in vivo biomarker for microglial activation in AD.

Procedures

We designed and generated a bispecific antibody based on the TREM2-specific monoclonal antibody mAb1729, fused to a single-chain variable fragment of the transferrin receptor binding antibody 8D3. The 8D3-moiety enabled transcytosis of the whole bispecific antibody across the blood-brain barrier. The bispecific antibody was radiolabeled with I-125 (ex vivo) or I-124 (PET) and administered to transgenic AD and wild-type (WT) control mice. Radioligand retention in the brain of transgenic animals was compared to WT mice by isolation of brain tissue at 24 h or 72 h, or with in vivo PET at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Intrabrain distribution of radiolabeled mAb1729-scFv8D3CL was further studied by autoradiography, while ELISA was used to determine TREM2 brain concentrations.

Results

Transgenic animals displayed higher total exposure, calculated as the AUC based on SUV determined at 24h, 48h, and 72h post injection, of PET radioligand [124I]mAb1729-scFv8D3CL than WT mice. However, differences were not evident in single time point PET images or SUVs. Ex vivo autoradiography confirmed higher radioligand concentrations in cortex and thalamus in transgenic mice compared to WT, and TREM2 levels in brain homogenates were considerably higher in transgenic mice compared to WT.

Conclusion

Antibody-based radioligands, engineered to enter the brain, may serve as PET radioligands to follow changes of TREM2 in vivo, but antibody formats with faster systemic clearance to increase the specific signal in relation to that from blood in combination with antibodies showing higher affinity for TREM2 must be developed to further progress this technique for in vivo use.
Gesundheits- und Risikoverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit und ohne Behinderung und krankheitsbedingter Einschränkung: Ergebnisse der Kinder und Jugendgesundheitsstudie (KiGGS-Welle 2)
Authors: Zelfl Loriane , Lutz Judith , Masciangelo Lisa , Rathmann Katharina
Published: February 2021

Hintergrund

Obwohl rund 10 % der Kinder und Jugendlichen in Deutschland mit Behinderung und/oder chronischer Erkrankung leben, wurde deren Gesundheits- und Risikoverhalten bislang nicht differenziert zwischen denjenigen mit und ohne Beeinträchtigung ausgewertet.

Forschungsziel

Ziel des Beitrags ist es, Unterschiede im Gesundheits- und Risikoverhalten zwischen 3‑ bis 17-Jährigen mit und ohne Beeinträchtigung in Deutschland darzustellen.

Material und Methode

Anhand der Daten der KiGGS-Welle 2 (Kinder und Jugendgesundheitsstudie 2014–2017) des Robert Koch-Instituts wurden Angaben von Eltern stellvertretend für die 3‑ bis 10-Jährigen und Angaben von 11- bis 17-Jährigen mit/ohne Behinderung und/oder krankheitsbedingter Erkrankung ausgewertet. Als abhängige Variablen wurden das Bewegungs‑, Ernährungs- und Mundgesundheitsverhalten (n = 11.110) sowie der Alkohol- und Tabakkonsum (n = 3060) in uni-, bi- und multivariaten Analysen herangezogen.

Ergebnisse

Die 3‑ bis 17-Jährigen mit Beeinträchtigung trinken seltener Alkohol, weisen allerdings häufiger einen hohen Konsum zuckerhaltiger Getränke, eine niedrige Zahnputzfrequenz und eine seltenere körperliche Aktivität auf als Gleichaltrige ohne Beeinträchtigung. Auch nach Kontrolle von soziodemografischen und -ökonomischen Merkmalen bleiben diese Assoziationen für den Konsum zuckerhaltiger Getränke, den Alkoholkonsum sowie die körperliche Inaktivität bestehen. Für den Tabakkonsum zeigen sich keine Unterschiede zwischen Heranwachsenden mit und ohne Beeinträchtigung.

Diskussion

Die Ergebnisse legen Handlungsbedarfe zur Stärkung eines gesundheitsförderlichen Verhaltens von 3‑ bis 17-Jährigen mit Beeinträchtigung in den Bereichen Bewegung und Ernährung nahe. Durch verhältnis- und verhaltenspräventive Maßnahmen sollte das Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindheit an zielgruppenspezifisch gefördert werden.
Cost-effectiveness of physical activity interventions in cancer survivors of developed countries: a systematic review
Authors: Gubler-Gut Barbara E. , Pöhlmann Johannes , Flatz Aline , Schwenkglenks Matthias , Rohrmann Sabine
Published: February 2021

Purpose

Physical activity has been shown to improve survival and quality of life of cancer patients. Due to differences in patient populations, healthcare settings, and types of intervention, cost-effectiveness analyses of physical activity interventions in cancer survivors are difficult to compare. Available evidence from breast cancer survivor research has shown inconsistent results, and transfer of results to other types of cancer is not straightforward. This paper systematically reviewed current evidence on the cost-effectiveness of physical activity interventions in cancer survivors independent of cancer type compared to usual care or another experimental intervention.

Methods

The literature search was conducted in seven databases and enhanced by a search for gray literature. Eligible studies were restricted to developed countries and assessed using the CHEERS, CHEC, and PHILIPS checklists. The study protocol was pre-published in PROSPERO.

Results

Seven studies, five cost-utility, and two combined cost-utility/cost-effectiveness analyses fully met the inclusion criteria. They covered eight different types of cancer and various interventions. The cost-effectiveness analyses were of moderate to high methodological quality. A high probability of cost-effectiveness was reported in two analyses. One intervention appeared to be not cost-effective, and one to be cost-effective only from an organizational perspective. Three other analyses reported a cost-effectiveness better than US$ 101,195 (€ 80,000) per QALY gained.

Conclusions

Physical activity interventions in cancer survivors of developed countries were cost-effective in some but not all clinical trials reviewed.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

Cost-effectiveness of physical activity interventions appear to depend upon the intensity of the activity.
Intracerebral Hemorrhage in COVID-19 Patients with Pulmonary Failure: A Propensity Score-Matched Registry Study
Authors: Lang Corinna N. , Dettinger Johanna S. , Berchtold-Herz Michael , Utzolino Stefan , Bemtgen Xavier , Zotzmann Viviane , Schmid Bonaventura , Biever Paul M. , Bode Christoph , Müller-Peltzer Katharina , Duerschmied Daniel , Wengenmayer Tobias , Niesen Wolf-Dirk , Staudacher Dawid L.
Published: February 2021

Background

Hypercoagulability in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism necessitating systemic anticoagulation. Case reports of intracerebral hemorrhages in ventilated COVID-19 patients warrant precaution. It is unclear, however, if COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with or without veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy (VV-ECMO) have more intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) compared to other ARDS patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective observational single-center study enrolling all patients with ARDS from 01/2018 to 05/2020. PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 patients with ARDS were allocated to the COVID-19 group. Propensity score matching was performed for age, VV-ECMO, and bleeding risk.

Results

A total of 163 patients with moderate or severe ARDS were identified, 47 (28.8%) in the COVID-19 group, and 116 (71.2%) in the non-COVID-19 group. In 63/163 cases (38.7%), VV-ECMO therapy was required. The ICU survival was 52.8%. COVID-19 patients were older, more often male, and exhibited a lower SOFA score, but the groups showed similar rates of VV-ECMO therapy. Treatments with antiplatelet agents (p = 0.043) and therapeutic anticoagulation (p = 0.028) were significantly more frequent in the COVID-19 patients. ICH was detected in 22 patients (13.5%) with no statistical difference between the groups (11.2 vs. 19.1% without and with SARS-CoV-2, respectively,p = 0.21). Propensity score matching confirmed similar rates of ICH in both groups (12.8 vs. 19.1% without and with SARS-CoV-2, respectively,p = 0.57), thus leveling out possible confounders.

Conclusions

Intracerebral hemorrhage was detected in every tenth patient with ARDS. Despite statistically higher rates of antiplatelet therapy and therapeutic anticoagulation in COVID-19 patients, we found a similar rate of ICH in patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 compared to other causes of ARDS.
Correction to: Rationale and Design of a Telehealth Self-Management, Shared Care Intervention for Post-treatment Survivors of Lung and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Sun Virginia , Reb Anne , Debay Marc , Fakih Marwan , Ferrell Betty
Published: February 2021

A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s13187-021-01969-5
Variance Propagation for Density Surface Models
Authors: Bravington Mark V. , Miller David L. , Hedley Sharon L.
Published: February 2021

Spatially explicit estimates of population density, together with appropriate estimates of uncertainty, are required in many management contexts. Density surface models (DSMs) are a two-stage approach for estimating spatially varying density from distance sampling data. First, detection probabilities—perhaps depending on covariates—are estimated based on details of individual encounters; next, local densities are estimated using a GAM, by fitting local encounter rates to location and/or spatially varying covariates while allowing for the estimated detectabilities. One criticism of DSMs has been that uncertainty from the two stages is not usually propagated correctly into the final variance estimates. We show how to reformulate a DSM so that the uncertainty in detection probability from the distance sampling stage (regardless of its complexity) is captured as an extra random effect in the GAM stage. In effect, we refit an approximation to the detection function model at the same time as fitting the spatial model. This allows straightforward computation of the overall variance via exactly the same software already needed to fit the GAM. A further extension allows for spatial variation in group size, which can be an important covariate for detectability as well as directly affecting abundance. We illustrate these models using point transect survey data of Island Scrub-Jays on Santa Cruz Island, CA, and harbour porpoise from the SCANS-II line transect survey of European waters. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear on-line.