bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of pre and post-incubation parameters in Uttara breeder hens
Authors: Singh M.K. , Kumar Shive , Sharma R. K. , Singh S. K. , Singh Brijesh , Singh D. V.
Published: December 2016

A study was conducted to determine the effects of pre-incubation egg parameters on post-incubation parameters in Uttara breeder hens. A total of 2,890 hatching eggs were classified according to three egg weight groups viz. small (44-52 g); medium (53-57 g) and large (58-68 g). Results indicated that large-sized eggs produced chicks with higher hatch-weight than medium and small-sized eggs. However, no differences were observed for fertility and hatchability rates but significant differences were found for chick quality and chick weight. It was therefore concluded from the results of the present study that sorting of eggs by weight prior to incubation might be advantageous in producing uniform size hatchlings to meet specific market demands with focus on breeding for obtaining maximum number of saleable chicks.
Effects of lipopolysaccharide on the growth performance, nitrogen metabolism and immunity in preruminant calves
Authors: Zhang N , Li H , Jiang C , Tu Y , Diao Q
Published: December 2016

To investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the growth performance, nitrogen metabolism and immunity in preruminant calves, forty Chinese Holstein male calves were randomly divided into two groups and injected intraperitoneally with 2.5 mg/kg BW of sterile saline or E. coli LPS (Escherichia coli O55:b55) on day 24, 26, and 28. The LPS challenge decreased average daily gain and feed conversion efficiency compared with control group (p less than 0.05). The urinary concentration of nitrogen (p less than 0.05) increased, whereas the nitrogen retention decreased (p less than 0.05) after LPS-challenge. Injection of LPS increased body temperature, serum concentration of IL-1, TNF-a, IL-2 and IgG of calves. In conclusion, LPS-challenge activated immune responses, decreased utilization efficiency of nitrogen, and negatively impacted growth performance of preruminant calves.
Study on the anti bovine viral diarrhea virus effect of swainsonine extract of Astragalus strictus Grah Ex Bend in vitro
Authors: Liang Jianping , Hu Yonghao , Hao Baocheng , Xing Xiaoyong , Wu Fanling , Xiang Haitao , Wen Fenqin
Published: December 2016

This study was designed to investigate anti-virus action of the swainsonine (SW) extract of Astragalus strictus Grah. Ex Bend on bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Using cell culture techniques, and combining cytopathic effect (CPE) observation method and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method to detect the toxicities of different concentrations of SW in bovine kidney primary cells (Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney Cells, MDBK), determine the drug safety concentration and TD50, Testing the comprehensive effect of different concentrations of SW for BVDV by adding swainsonine after virus-and-swainsonine added. The results showed that the TCID50 of BVDV is 10-4.7; there is no toxicity to MDBK when the concentration of SW below 0.256,mg·mL-1, and TD50 is 2.512mg·mL-1; Under the way of comprehensive action, IC50 is 0.782mg·mL-1,TI is 3.21. it showed that the comprehensive effect on BVDV of SW (65.29%, P less than 0.01) is good. The anti-BVDV effect of swainsonine in vitro is good and the antiviral mechanism of SW was speculated to SW inhibit the replication of BVDV proliferation or directly inactivate free BVDV.
The effect of single-gender and mixed rearing on growth performance, backfat thickness and meat quality in crossbred growing-finishing pigs
Authors: Liu Wen-Chao , Park Jae-Won , Yun Hyeok-Min , Kim Hyun-Soo , Kim* In-Ho
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of single-gender and mixed rearing on growth performance, backfat thickness and meat quality in crossbred [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] growing-finishing pigs. A total of 120 pigs were used in this 15-wk growth trial. Pigs were allotted to 3 treatments based on their initial BW (10 replications; 4 pigs per pen). The treatments included: T1: mixed rearing (2 barrows and 2 gilts per pen); T2: barrows; T3: gilts. Non significant variations in growth and meat quality traits were recorded amongst groups under study (P greater than 0.05). However, barrows had significantly higher backfat thickness than gilts throughout the entire trial (P less than 0.05).
Organic and inorganic selenium in poultry: A review
Authors: Zia Waseem Muhammad , Khalique Anjum , Naveed Saima , Hussain Jibran
Published: December 2016

Selenium was believed to be toxic to animals, however, in 1957, selenium was reported as a dietary vital nutrient. Selenium is available in inorganic and organic forms. In 1974, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulated the supplementation of selenium in poultry diets. In 1994, the National Research Council recognized selenium as a dietary essential nutrient for laying hens. The maximum allowed selenium addition level is 0.30 mg/kg. One of the most common supplements used is sodium selenite (SS), the inorganic selenium source. However, in 2000, the FDA approved the use of the organic source of selenium, Se-enriched yeast (SY) in poultry diets. Selenium has valuable effects on animal immune status, growth parameters, production and reproduction. Experimentally, it has been indicated that SY benefits more than that of SS due to its more bioavailability. Selenium inclusion in food-animal diets has an extra nutritional advantage to human consumers of Se-enriched food-animal products.
Evaluation of efficacy of different herbicides on weed dynamics and performance of dwarf fieldpea in Tarai soils of Uttarakhand, India
Authors: . Shalini* , Singh V.K. , . Brijbhooshan
Published: December 2016

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2010-2011 and 2011-12 at Pantnagar in tarai soil of Uttarakhand to study the effect of different herbicides on plant growth, weed dynamics, nutrient uptake and yield of dwarf fieldpea. Results revealed that uncontrolled weeds caused 27.3 and 39.4 per cent reduction in grain yield of dwarf fieldpea during first and second year, respectively as compared to two hand weedings done at 20 and 40 days after sowing (DAS). Among the chemical treatments, minimum nutrient removal of 3.0 kg N,0.5 kg P and 3.3 kg K ha-1by weeds was recorded under pendimethalin 1.0kg ha-1 (PE)+ imazethapyr 0.05 kg ha-1 (POE,30 DAS) as against 11.4 kg N, 1.96 kg P and 12.6 kg K ha-1, respectively in weedy check Two hand weedings done at 20 and 40 DAS, which remained at par with pendimethalin1.0 kg ha-1 (PE) + imazethapyr 0.05 kg ha-1 (POE, 30 DAS) and pendimethalin 1.0kg ha-1(PE) + quizalofop ethyl 0.05kg ha-1(POE, 30 DAS) caused significant reduction in weed dry weight and increased the value of plant height, number of leaves per plant and dry matter accumulation per plant as compared to weedy check. These treatments produced 27.1, 23.1 and 16.0 per cent more number of pods/plant and yielded 50, 40 and 35.7 per cent higher grain yield, respectively over weedy check. The maximum weed control efficiency was computed under two hand weedings followed by pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 (PE)+ imazethapyr 0.05kg ha-1 (POE, 30 DAS) and pendimethalin 1.0kg ha-1 (PE)+ quizalofop ethyl 0.05 kg ha-1 (POE, 30 DAS).
Determination of energy balance of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.),hungarianvetch (Vicia pannonica C.) and narbonne vetch(Vicia narbonensis L.) production in
Authors: Kokten Kagan , Cacan Erdal , Gokdogan Osman , Baran Mehmet Firat
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study is to determine an energy balance of common vetch, hungarian vetch and narbonne vetch production during the production season of 2015 in Bingol province of Turkey. The energy input in common vetch, hungarian vetch and narbonne vetch production have been calculated as 13060.72 MJ ha-1, 15767.22 MJ ha-1and 14769.73 MJ ha-1, respectively. The energy output in common vetch, hungarian vetch and narbonne vetch production have been calculated as 42048.22 MJ ha-1, 10051.33 MJ ha-1 and 11963.62 MJ ha-1, respectively. Energy usage efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity and net energy values related to common vetch, Hungarian vetch and Narbonne vetch production have been determined as 3.22, 0.64, 0.81; 5.46 MJ kg-1, 29.98 MJ kg-1, 21.98 MJ kg-1; 0.18 kg MJ-1, 0.03 kg MJ-1, 0.05 kg MJ-1 and 28987.50 MJ ha-1, -5715.89 MJ ha-1, -2806.11 MJ ha-1 respectively for each type. The total renewable energy input applied in common vetch, hungarian and narbonne vetch was 26.85, 20.42 and 29.69 per cent, respectively.
Destination Branding Kota Jember Pada Pemberitaan Jember Fashion Carnaval 2016 di Media Online
Authors: Muntadliroh Muntadliroh
Published: December 2016

The 2016 Jember Fashion Carnaval (JFC) has been widely reported in the online media from August to September 2016. This annual carnival provides implications on the effort of the Jember City destination branding. The purpose of this study is to analyze the news content of 2016 JFC on the online media from August to September 2016. The focus of this study is the interpretation of 2016 JFC news text that formed the destination branding of Jember City. This study applies content analysis method with the descriptive quantitative approach. The results of this study indicate that the news of 2016 JFC represents the development phase of Jember City destination branding with the most information source coming from bureaucrats (39%), most news contents topic are 2016 JFC review (20%) and 2016 JFC event (20%), most news category theme is lifestyle, and dominated by positive news tone (70%).
Proses Public Relations Dalam Program Gerakan Pungut Sampah Pemerintah Kota Bandung
Authors: Perbawasari Susie , Sjoraida Diah Fatma , Lestari Vidia Ayu
Published: December 2016

GPS program was launched in order to improve people's active participation, creating awareness of the importance of protecting the environment, and build a new culture picking up trash. Communications and delivery of messages is done through socialization programs and social media, twitter. The purpose of this study to find out the Public Relations process that consists of collecting of facts and formulation of the problem, the planning and programming, the action and communication, and the evaluation of GPS program that has been done by the organizers. This study used descriptive method. Data collected were through interviews, observation and documents. The organizers of GPS program begins by listening to the comments that raised by external parties, also took to the field looking directly environmental conditions in Bandung to collecting the facts. Organizers prepared GPS program includes the introduction of the situation, goal setting, audience definition, selection of media and techniques of Public Relations, as well as budget planning. Action taken in the program organizers GPS is acting responsive and responsible, while communication in the program include Credibility, Context, Content, Clarity, Continuity and consistency, Channel, and Capability of the Audience. Evaluation program providers include evaluation for decision-making, evaluation of the achievement of objectives, evaluation of results and impact and evaluation of the implementation.
Novas fronteiras da empresa e joint ventures contratuais: perspectivas sobre a partilha de responsabilidade entre as empresas co-ventures.
Authors: Costa Natália Lacerda Macedo
Published: December 2016

Este artigo trata da diluição das fronteiras conceituais entre empresa e mercado, quanto à posição ocupada pelas joint ventures contratuais dentro do movimento de cooperação interempresarial, para fins de identificação de regime jurídico aplicável. Nesse sentido, apresenta-se como propósito de pesquisa a investigação sobre critérios de equalização entre a autonomia da vontade, traduzida nas cláusulas de alocação de risco, e a imputação de responsabilidade entre as empresas co-ventures por danos causados a terceiros. Buscou-se compreender as joint ventures contratuais por uma abordagem econômica, para, posteriormente, delimitar sua natureza jurídica. Também buscou-se refletir sobre soluções contratuais e empresariais para a problemática da responsabilidade civil, apontando-se, ao final, a insuficiência de regulação normativa. Concluiu-se que a responsabilização das parceiras deve ser feita pela identificação em concreto de quem exerce o poder de gestão do empreendimento.
A efetivação dos direitos dos trabalhadores marítimos no contexto dos navios de bandeira de conveniência
Authors: Zanotelli Ana Gabriela Camatta , Moschen Valesca Raizer Borges
Published: December 2016

Este artigo objetiva explanar a realidade do trabalhador marítimo – inserido em um contexto internacional, por meio da análise do impacto das bandeiras de conveniência na segurança marítima e nas condições de trabalho do mar. Para tanto, analisar-se-á a questão da nacionalidade do navio e a jurisdição a ele aplicável, a fim de se compreender a prática da bandeira de conveniência e as consequências trabalhistas e sociais dela advindas. Tal prática refere-se ao usual registro de embarcações em Estados distintos aos do armador ou do proprietário do navio, caso em que o vínculo entre o Estado de registro e o navio é meramente artificial ou inexistente. Por fim, abordar-se-ão as fontes dos direitos do trabalhador marítimo e os meios de defesa – judiciais e não judiciais, nacionais e principalmente internacionais – de tais direitos.
Uma concepção sobre trabalho degradante em condição análoga a de escravo
Authors: Pamplona Mário Sérgio Beltrão
Published: December 2016

Este artigo busca contribuir para o aprofundamento do debate sobre o trabalho degradante em condição análoga à de escravo. Busca-se refletir sobre a sua natureza de caso difícil, incorporando a tese de Ronald Dworkin, do Direito como integridade, como sustentação teórica para a expropriação da propriedade que escraviza, fato que tanto incomoda alguns ruralistas, mais do que a sanção penal prevista no artigo no 149 do Código Penal brasileiro, talvez pela sensação de impunidade da aplicação dessa norma, que independe da sanção de índole civil, conforme ilustrado pela síntese de um caso transitado em julgado na esfera trabalhista. No Direito como integridade, procurou-se revelar a observância à coerência com os princípios constitucionais, que traduzem a moralidade política da sociedade historicamente personificada, que, com relação ao trabalho degradante em condição análoga à de escravo, traduz-se pela dignidade da pessoa humana, pela proibição da discriminação excludente, assim como pelos valores sociais do trabalho.
A reforma da Lei de Direitos Autorais: adaptações ao contexto da sociedade informacional
Authors: Silva Rosane Leal da , De La Rue Letícia Almeida
Published: December 2016

Este artigo levanta a questão de que o caráter patrimonial e individualista do direito de autor não encontra mais respaldo na sociedade informacional, devendo ser pensado em harmonia com a Constituição Federal, uma vez que possui uma função social a cumprir. A pesquisa visa analisar a reforma da Lei de Direitos Autorais para verificar se as alterações propostas estão em consonância com as mudanças produzidas pelo uso da internet, oportunizando um maior equilíbrio entre direito de autor e direito à informação e à cultura. Para tanto, optou-se por uma abordagem dialética, em razão do conflito de direitos apresentado pelo tema, abordando-se a repercussão da sociedade informacional sobre o direito de autor e a análise da reforma da Lei. Ao final, verificou-se que as propostas de alteração da lei falham por não tratarem adequadamente as transformações do direito de autor no contexto da internet.
Tributação internacional e a capacidade contributiva
Authors: Morais Carlos Araújo , Buffon Marciano
Published: December 2016

Este artigo discorre sobre o modelo de Estado pós-moderno que passa por uma crise na medida em que o papel e protetor da sociedade e de garantidor das liberdades públicas se vê abalado e limitado em sua atuação, posto que é incapaz de atender aos pleitos referentes à preservação ambiental, à sustentabilidade, à saúde universal e à própria preservação da vida. A tributação internacional, tida como ideia tipicamente liberal, acompanha a crise do Estado na pós modernidade, vendo-se amplamente afetada por novas demandas. Inicialmente focada em aspectos de relevância unicamente econômica, a tributação passou a ser considerada um meio de redistribuição de riqueza, buscando atingir um patamar ético fundado na ideia de justiça e distribuição da carga tributária. Essa nova visão passa a ser a mais adequada à pós-modernidade, devendo ser também aplicada à tributação internacional.
Made In China 2025 and New Trends of Entrepreneurship Education of China: A Socio-Economic-Educational Perspective
Authors: Wu Hongyun , Benson Spencer A.
Published: December 2016

The importance of entrepreneurship for economic growth and job creation has gained wide acceptance around the world. The Chinese government is dedicated to innovation and entrepreneurship, realizing the critical importance in meeting this dual purpose lies in entrepreneurship education (EE) and its integration across the government, academic and business sectors. This paper outlines the emergence of entrepreneurship and the emerging trends in EE of China by looking at the past and present of China’s economy, education and government policies through a socio-economic-educational perspective. It focuses on Made In China 2025, an important 10-year national plan, that outlines China’s objectives in future economic development, and the future directions for China’s EE. By looking at past and emerging trends this study presents a historical and current picture of EE within China. The socio-economic-educational perspective of this study results in the following observations: the change from government programmed economy to a more open briskness driven economy, the close relationship between China’s reform in economy and education, the impact of government policies and mandates on China’s entrepreneurship education, EE in China, a new facet of China’s education reform, which has moved from education for the elite to the masses, and lastly, Made In China 2025’s call for innovation and reform in educational practices of EE in China. The application of a socio-economic-educational perspective provides for broader and deeper insights into the direction for the further development of EE in China.
Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on the Firm’s Performance and Development in Context of Indian Companies
Authors: Singh Vikrant Vikram , Pandey Manoj , Vashisht Anil
Published: December 2016

The study looks at the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) techniques and exercises of firms as revealed in yearly reports and investigates its linkages to bookkeeping and market execution of firms. The study looks at the yearly reports of a specimen of 30 firms (out of 50) fitting in with the benchmark list of the National Stock Exchange of India and tracks these reports for proofs of CSR exercises over a five year period from 2010 to 2015. The study utilizes substance investigation to study CSR revelation and characterizes and rates these exercises utilizing things from a set up scale took after by development of class shrewd CSR records. The relationship of these files with firm execution is investigated through a pooled relapse model in the wake of provisioning for control variables and slack impacts. The study finds that CSR reporting may not be having any critical effect on bookkeeping and market execution of the firm in the fleeting yet environment situated CSR exposure may be adversely identified with the business sector execution of the firm. The concentrate additionally finds that organizations concentrate intensely on representative and client arranged CSR and the methods of CSR ventures are more contributory as opposed to participative in nature.
India’s Trade Potential and Prospects with Bhutan
Authors: Garg Sadhna
Published: December 2016

Since mid 1990s, India is actively engaging in bilateral and regional negotiations with various countries and blocs to boost trade and level of integration. It has signed numerous agreements and become member.  In South Asia region, India has close and trouble free relations only with landlocked kingdom i.e. Bhutan since 1949 under Treaty of Peace and Friendship. This treaty helped to enhance their integration i.e. free trade agreement (FTA) in goods signed between them in 2006. It is in this context, the present study applies revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and trade intensity index (TII) to explore India’s trade potential and prospects with Bhutan that will tell us either India has trade possibility with Bhutan or not. The major findings of the study showed that India has become the largest trading partner of Bhutan. India has strong and sustainable trade potential with Bhutan. Even India has no specialisation in the export of any product to Bhutan but still exports continued to increase at walking rate. Overall, India has strong trade prospects with Bhutan.
A Study on Modern Cryptographic Primitives and Signature Schemes
Authors: Das Jyotirmoy , Kakoty Sangeeta , Ahmed Majidul
Published: December 2016

The access to digital data by the users has increased in recent times with the advent of data communication technologies and its popularization. The data which is in digital form has to pass through insecure channels, for example when a user accesses the Internet, the privacy of data becomes a major issue. The area of Information Security has to play a crucial role when it comes to protecting the privacy of digital data. Cryptography is one such part of Information Security field where a sender’s message gets encrypted and the message gets decrypted at the receiver’s end. From time to time, various cryptographic schemes have been developed among which the Private Key Cryptography and Public Key Cryptography techniques are prominent.  Moreover many special Signature Schemes which are part of cryptographic protocols have been providing security in dealing with digital transactions. This paper focuses on the use of modern cryptographic schemes and their importance in digital data communication system.
Identifying the North American Plum Species Phylogenetic Signal Using Nuclear, Mitochondrial, and Chloroplast DNA Markers
Authors: Chavez Dario J. , Beckman Thomas G. , Chaparro José X.
Published: December 2016

Prunus phylogeny has been extensively studied using chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences. Chloroplast DNA has a slow rate of evolution, which is beneficial to determine species relationships at a deeper level. The chloroplast-based phylogenies have a limitation due to the transfer of this organelle by interspecific hybridization. This creates difficulties when studying species relationships. Interspecific hybrids in Prunus occur naturally and have been reported, which creates a problem when using cpDNA-based phylogenies to determine species relationships. The main goal of this project was to identify nuclear gene regions that could provide an improved phylogenetic signal at the species level in Prunus. A total of 11 species in Prunus and within section Prunocerasus were used. Two peach (Prunus persica) haploids were used to test the reliability of the molecular markers developed in this project to amplify single-copy genes. A total of 33 major genes associated with vernalization response, 16 with tree architecture, and 3 with isozymes, were tested. Similarly, 41 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, seven cpDNA regions, and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, were used. Multiple gene regions were identified and provided the greatest number of characters, greatest variability, and improved phylogenetic signal at the species level in Prunus section Prunocerasus. Out of those, trnH-psbA, PGI, MAX4, AXR1, LFY, PHYE, and VRN1 are recommended for a phylogenetic analysis with a larger number of taxa. The use of potentially informative characters (PICS) as a measure of how informative a region will be for phylogenetic analyses has been previously reported beneficial in cpDNA regions and it clearly was important in this research. This will allow selecting the region(s), which can be used in phylogenetic studies with higher number of taxa.
Drought Stress Reduces Stem Elongation and Alters Gibberellin-related Gene Expression during Vegetative Growth of Tomato
Authors: Litvin Alexander G. , van Iersel Marc W. , Malladi Anish
Published: December 2016

Drought stress reduces stem elongation and cell expansion. Since gibberellins (GAs) play an important role in controlling cell elongation, the objective of this study was to determine if the reduction in growth under drought stress is associated with altered GA metabolism or signaling. We exposed ‘Moneymaker’ tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to drought stress to observe the effects on growth. Irrigation was automated using a data logger, which maintained volumetric water contents (VWC) of 0.35 and 0.15 m3·m−3 for well-watered and drought-stressed conditions, respectively. To further investigate the effect of GAs on elongation, paclobutrazol (PAC), a GA biosynthesis inhibitor, was applied to reduce endogenous GA production. Drought stress and PAC treatment reduced plant height. Internode length, cell size, and shoot dry weight displayed an interaction between the VWC and PAC treatments. The transcript levels of SlGA20ox1, -2, -3, and -4, SlGA3ox2, and SlGA2ox2, -4, and -5, corresponding to enzymes in GA metabolism, and LeEXP1, and -2, encoding expansin enzymes related to cell wall loosening necessary for cell expansion, were analyzed. Downregulation of transcript accumulation due to drought stress was observed for SlGA20ox4, SlGA2ox5, and LeEXP1, but not for any of the other genes. PAC increased expression of SlGA20ox-3, and SlGA3ox2, potentially through feedback regulation. These findings suggest that drought stress effects on elongation are at least partly mediated by altered GA metabolism.
Rain Cracking in Sweet Cherries is not Due to Excess Water Uptake but to Localized Skin Phenomena
Authors: Winkler Andreas , Peschel Stefanie , Kohrs Kathleen , Knoche Moritz
Published: December 2016

Rain cracking of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit is commonly thought to result from excessive net water uptake. This excess increases flesh turgor, which then strains and eventually ruptures the skin at the weakest point. This idea—the critical turgor hypothesis—assumes the fruit comprises a semifluid flesh, held under pressure by a taut skin. The objectives of this study were to test the validity of this popular hypothesis. We investigated the effects of 1) the different pathways of water uptake and 2) the fruit’s water balance on cracking. Incubating fruit of 19 cultivars in water resulted in rapid fruit cracking. The time to 50% cracking (T50) averaged 7.5 ± 1.3 hours with considerable variability between cultivars (T50 range from 1.5 to 18.6 hours). The amount of water taken up at 50% cracking (WU50) averaged 96.5 ± 17.6 mg (WU50 range from 17.7 to 331.5 mg). There was no correlation between either the T50 or the WU50, and the rate of water uptake. Also, there was no correlation between the values of T50 (r = 0.58) and only a weak correlation between the values of WU50 (r = 0.80*) determined in different years. Comparing the value of WU50 under incubation vs. under perfusion revealed a 3.9- to 38-fold higher WU50 under perfusion (397.6 to 1840 mg) than under incubation (48.8 to 102.6 mg). This marked dissimilarity remained, regardless of pretreatments with isotonic polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 to induce microcracking or by manipulation of skin wetness during perfusion. Sealing the pedicel/fruit junction markedly decreased the rate of water uptake under incubation. It had no effect on the T50, and it markedly decreased the WU50. Similarly, manually induced skin defects greatly increased the rate of water uptake but, with few exceptions, had no effect on the T50, whereas, the WU50 had increased. The location on the fruit surface of the resulting cracks was not related to the region of the skin in which the manual defect was induced. Allowing the fruit to transpire increased both, the T50 and the WU50. Interestingly, the amount of water lost by transpiration exceeded the amount that was subsequently required to cause cracking up to 5-fold. Incubating fruit with their stylar ends immersed in water, whereas their remaining surfaces were in air of 0%, 28%, 75%, or 100% relative humidity (RH) resulted in net losses of water of up to 5.9 ± 0.7 mg·h−1, nevertheless their stylar ends still cracked. All our results indicate rain cracking in sweet cherries is a localized phenomenon that is not related to the net fruit water balance (the critical turgor hypothesis) but is the result of more local exposure of the fruit skin to liquid-phase water (the zipper hypothesis).
PLANEJAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO PARA A ASSISTÊNCIA FARMACÊUTICA DE UM MUNICÍPIO DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE PORTO ALEGRE-RS
Authors: Finatto Raquel Borelli , Schwambach Karin Hepp
Published: December 2016

A Assistência Farmacêutica (AF) constitui parte fundamental do serviço de atenção à saúde. Para sua efetiva implementação no contexto do SUS é fundamental ter como princípio básico norteador o ciclo da AF, o qual deve ser adequadamente planejado para assegurar a qualidade e a resolubilidade dos serviços prestados. Neste contexto, a qualificação do gerenciamento é possível a partir do planejamento, da organização e da estruturação do conjunto de atividade desenvolvidas. Desse modo, o Planejamento Estratégico Situacional (PES) surge como um instrumento para alcançar esse objetivo, pois é um método participativo, que permite analisar a realidade, diagnosticar os problemas e criar estratégias para solucionar determinada situação. O presente estudo apresenta o relato de caso da experiência vivenciada através da elaboração de um plano operativo (PO) para a Assistência Farmacêutica de um Município da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, RS. Pode-se afirmar que o planejamento é um instrumento de gestão que, através da análise e discussão da realidade, busca propor alternativas, identificar meios para viabilizar uma transformação e realizar ações para executar as atividades planejadas. A ferramenta do PES através da elaboração do PO e a interação com os diferentes atores na oficina foi muito rica e contribuiu com a organização do serviço.
ATENÇÃO A PESSOAS DEPENDENTES DE CRACK EM UM CENTRO DE ATENÇÃO PSICOSSOCIAL
Authors: Duarte Maria de Lourdes Custódio , Viana Kelly , Olschowsky Agnes
Published: December 2016

Os direitos humanos dos usuários de crack vêm sendo garantido a partir das reformulações da legislação brasileira, tendo em vista que o modelo tradicional e excludente de assistência psiquiátrica, o modelo asilar, modificou-se a partir do movimento intitulado Reforma Psiquiátrica. Assim, os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) Álcool e Drogas criam estratégias para o atendimento dos direitos humanos no âmbito do território. Tem-se por objetivo relatar as estratégias utilizadas por um CAPS AD do Sul do Brasil para a garantia dos direitos humanos dos usuários de crack. Para isso observou-se o cotidiano do serviço do período de julho a outubro de 2012. Evidenciou-se que os Grupos de Apoio, as Oficinas Profissionalizantes e as Visitas Domiciliares realizadas por esse serviço são entendidos como atividades estratégias para o cuidado integral e a garantia dos direitos humanos dos usuários de crack por um atendimento de qualidade, na lógica do Sistema Único de Saúde.
A ENFERMAGEM PEDIÁTRICA ANTE ÀS REPERCUSSÕES DO CUIDAR DA CRIANÇA ONCOLÓGICA: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Do Nascimento Silveira Vanessa , Moraes Legramante Danúbia , Machado Pieszak Greice
Published: December 2016

Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica do tipo narrativa de caráter descritivo-exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, que tem por objetivo analisar as publicações sobre oncologia pediátrica e as implicações para o cuidado de enfermagem. A busca foi realizada em fevereiro de 2016, na base de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Cari­be em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), utilizou-se os seguintes descritores: “Enfermagem Pediátrica” and “Enfermagem Oncológica”. A partir da análise de dados, emergiram-se três categorias: A ótica do cuidar da criança oncológica no contexto da família e da equipe de enfermagem; A repercussão dos sentimentos e emoções que permeiam o processo de adoecimento; A promoção da qualidade de vida da criança oncológica e família. Nesse sentido, conclui-se que a equipe de enfermagem, não deve limitar-se apenas aos protocolos terapêuticos, mas também incluir ações humanizadas que valorizem a participação constante da família nesse contexto, visto que a cura não deve ser baseada apenas no restabelecimento biológico, mas no bem-estar e qualidade de vida dessas crianças.
PERFIL LIPÍDICO, GLICÍDICO E PROTEINÚRIA EM PACIENTES COM DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2
Authors: Sauthier Marisa de Fátima , Ribeiro Rafael De Nogueira , De Freitas Bruna Breyer , Marcadenti Aline , Conde Simara Rufatto
Published: December 2016

Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil lipídico e glicídico em homens e mulheres com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) admitidos em um hospital terciário e correlacioná-los com a proteinúria. Método: Estudo transversal entre 74 pacientes ≥ 18 anos com DM2 admitidos em um hospital público de Porto Alegre/RS. Os participantes responderam a um questionário e foram submetidos a medidas de peso, altura e circunferência da cintura. Para avaliação de pacientes acamados ou amputados, o peso e altura foram estimados por meio da circunferência do braço e altura do joelho. Na avaliação bioquímica foram solicitados exames de sódio, potássio, creatinina, ureia, proteinúria, triglicerídeos, hemoglobina glicada, glicemia em jejum, colesterol total, HDL e LDL colesterol. Correlação de Spearman e teste de regressão linear múltipla foram utilizados para correlações e associações. Resultados: No total, 43 homens e 31 mulheres foram avaliados com idade média de 63,28 ±7,46 anos, 4,51 ±3,25 anos de estudo e IMC 25,91 ±4,19 kg/m2. Entre os participantes 79,7% declararam-se brancos e 70,3% eram aposentados. No gênero masculino, observaram-se maiores valores de colesterol total, HDL colesterol e correlação positiva e significativa entre a proteinúria a e circunferência da cintura (p=0,043). Valores de HDL colesterol associaram-se negativamente e de forma significativa com a proteinúria independente da idade e da obesidade central entre os homens [Beta -5,1; EP 2,5 (IC 95% -10,1 a -0,2) P= 0,04]. Conclusões: No gênero masculino, a proteinúria pode estar associada com HDL colesterol de forma inversa independente de outros fatores.
REALIDADE VIRTUAL NA FISIOTERAPIA: UTILIZAÇÃO PARA CRIANÇAS COM PARALISIA CEREBRAL: REVISÃO DA LITERATURA
Authors: Bondan Daisy Eckhard
Published: December 2016

Resumo:

Este estudo visa buscar informações acerca do tratamento fisioterapêutico baseado em realidade virtual, para crianças com Paralisia Cerebral, através de uma revisão da literatura, a nível nacional, sobre a utilização da Realidade Virtual (RV) no tratamento da Paralisia Cerebral, com crianças, durante os atendimentos de Fisioterapia. A metodologia utilizada para a pesquisa foi de natureza básica e exploratória, tendo como objetivo a verificação de como a realidade virtual está sendo utilizada nos atendimentos fisioterapêuticos, para crianças com Paralisia Cerebral, no Brasil. Tendo como questão de pesquisa se: a utilização da Realidade Virtual no tratamento fisioterapêutico, para crianças com Paralisia Cerebral viabiliza um atendimento lúdico, mesmo sendo funcional?  A partir da análise do material científico incluído na revisão de literatura nacional, foi possível sugerir que a Realidade Virtual pode ser uma grande aliada ao atendimento fisioterapêutico em crianças com Paralisia Cerebral.

 

Palavras-chave: realidade virtual; paralisia cerebral; fisioterapia.
Macroinvertebrados acuáticos de la ciénaga de Sahaya y en tres de sus afluentes (Cesar, Colombia)
Authors: Hernández José Luis , Guzmán-Soto Cristian J. , Tamaris-Turizo César Enrique
Published: December 2016

Los macroinvertebrados acuáticos representan un componente importante en los sistemas de agua dulce por su alta abundancia y diversidad, con relación a otros grupos biológicos. En estos sistemas acuáticos, especialmente, muchos macroinvertebrados desarrollan gran parte de su ciclo de vida. Por lo anterior, el estudio de este grupo tiene gran importancia en temas de ecología de los sistemas acuáticos. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar las comunidades de macroinvertebrados acuáticos asociados a la ciénaga Sahaya, en el departamento del Cesar y en tres de sus afluentes. En la ciénaga se recolectó el material biológico utilizando draga ekman y en los afluentes mediante red Surber. Se encontraron 6431 organismos, distribuidos 15 órdenes, 28 familias y 47 taxones. Del total de individuos, 5671 (88,2 %), se recolectaron dentro de la ciénaga y los 760 individuos restantes (11,8 %) en los afluentes evaluados. Se encontró que la familia con más abundancia fue Caenidae, con 1859 individuos, seguida por Naididae con 1691 y Chironomidae con 1122. La estructura de macroinvertebrados fue diferente en los cuerpos de agua corriente, de igual forma varió espacialmente entre las estaciones de la ciénaga y de los tres afluentes. En la ciénaga se evidenciaron posibles asociaciones entre la abundancia de algunos grupos de macroinvertebrados y las variables ambientales, hecho que parece confirmar el potencial de estas comunidades como indicadores de la calidad ecológica de las aguas.
Macroinvertebrados acuáticos de la quebrada Los Alisos, Firavitoba - Boyacá
Authors: Torres-Zambrano Néstor Ned , Torres-Zambrano David Rolando
Published: December 2016

Se presenta la composición y algunas implicaciones funcionales de los macroinvertebrados acuáticos existentes en la cabecera de la quebrada Los Alisos, ubicada al occidente del municipio de Firavitoba en el departamento de Boyacá. Se realizaron dos muestreos durante los meses de agosto y septiembre de 2016. Se determinaron los grupos funcionales alimenticios y algunos rasgos biológicos a partir información bibliográfica, se encontraron siete mecanismos de alimentación y 19 rasgos biológicos. Se recolectaron 2688 individuos pertenecientes a tres filos, seis clases, 11 órdenes 21 familias y 14 géneros, en donde la mayor abundancia relativa correspondió al género Hyalella (Amphipoda, 20,3 %). El grupo trófico de los detritívoros-colectores o consumidores de depósito (C2), fue el más frecuente en el sistema (68,2 %), el cual sugiere que predomina la materia orgánica particulada fina (MOPF). La respiración branquial es la forma de más frecuente ya que se presenta en 12 de los 22 grupos taxonómicos con el 54,5 %. La mayoría de los organismos (54,5 %) presentan ganchos tarsales (GT), que pueden ser usados eventualmente como una forma de resistencia al contraflujo. Casi todos los organismos estudiados caminan o se arrastran (AR, 68,2 %), utilizando variedad de hábitats como sustratos. La flexibilidad de las historias de vida y movilidad que muestran las características de los grupos taxonómicos encontrados en la quebrada Los Alisos pueden influenciar la forma como obtienen su alimento.
Ocurrencia de nemátodos en ninfas de Ephemeroptera en una quebrada de bosque tropical lluvioso
Authors: Reyes-Torres Limarie Judith , Meléndez-Torres Yazminne , Ramírez Alonso
Published: December 2016

Nematodes are common symbionts of aquatic insects. Here, we assessed the presence of nematodes in mayfly nymphs (Ephemeroptera), evaluated their prevalence in the population, and determined factors associated with nematode presence. Mayflies were collected (n = 130) from three stream habitats (riffles, pools, and boulders) using a D net, in Prieta stream, El Verde Field Station, Puerto Rico. Mayflies were dissected and nematode presence was determined under a light microscope (4 x and 10 x). Nematode prevalence was 50 %. Nematodes were not identified beyond Phylum level, but we were able to eliminate various groups as infective agents (Nematoda: Mermithidae and Nematomorpha: Gordiida). They were mostly found in the abdomen, head or thorax of mayflies. There were differences in infection among taxa, Neohagenulus was the group with the highest proportion of infection. Mayfly body shape, feeding strategy, or activity potentially explain differences in infection among taxa. There were no differences in infection among habitats, but mayflies were less abundant in riffles; and there was no relation between mayfly body length and the number of nematodes present. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a nematode present in mayfly nymphs in Puerto Rico.
Riqueza y distribución de Elmidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea) en el departamento del Chocó, Colombia
Authors: González-Córdoba Marcela , Zúñiga María Del Carmen , Mosquera-Murillo Zuleima , Sánchez-Vásquez Sandra Patricia
Published: December 2016

Los élmidos son escarabajos acuáticos frecuentes y de amplia utilización como bioindicadores de calidad de agua por su sensibilidad a la contaminación orgánica. Para contribuir al conocimiento de la familia en el departamento del Chocó, región con estudios taxonómicos, ecológicos y de distribución sobre la familia incipientes, se revisaron 958 especímenes (adultos y larvas), depositados principalmente en la Colección Limnológica del Chocó (Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó) y el Museo de Entomología de la Universidad del Valle. Los especímenes corresponden a 14 municipios (entre 5 y 2063 msnm), 40 corrientes hídricas de diferente orden y dos ecosistemas lénticos que drenan a las cuencas de los ríos Atrato, San Juan y Baudó. Este trabajo registra 17 géneros (12 de la subfamilia Elminae y cinco de Larainae) y cuatro especies. Austrolimnius, Hexacylloepus, Hexanchorus, Huleechius, Microcylloepus, Neocylloepus, Neoelmis, Onychelmis, Stenhelmoides, Pharceonus, Pseudodisersus y Xenelmis, son nuevos registros para el Chocó y Cylloepus, Disersus, Heterelmis, Macrelmis y Phanocerus, ya conocidos, amplían su rango de distribución en la región. Austrolimnius pusio y A. formosus, son primeros registros para Colombia y Stenhelmoides rufulus y Pseudodisersus goudotti lo son para el Chocó. Estas citas representan el 70,8 % de la riqueza genérica de Elmidae para Colombia y el mayor registro taxonómico se encontró en la cuenca media del río Atrato entre 25 y 150 msnm. La región Andina, el río Baudó y las cuencas altas de los ríos Atrato y San Juan, exhibieron los mayores vacíos de información. Macrelmis, Cylloepus, Microcylloepus, Phanocerus, Neoelmis y Heterelmis, presentaron la mayor distribución, mientras Disersus, Hexacylloepus, Onychelmis y Pharceonus, estuvieron restringidos a una sola localidad en zonas bajas. Con base en este trabajo el Chocó se ubica, conjuntamente con el Valle del Cauca, Antioquia y Meta, entre los departamentos de Colombia con la mayor riqueza genérica de la familia.
Biomasa de odonatos en un humedal artificial suburbano, Cajicá (Cundinamarca-Colombia)
Authors: Cuellar-Cardozo Jose Alejandro , Castro-Rebolledo Maria Isabel
Published: December 2016

Los humedales de la Sabana de Bogotá presentan modificaciones ecológicas causadas por el impacto de las actividades antropogénicas. La productividad secundaria, particularmente de los macroinvertebrados como los odonatos, es uno de los aspectos más importantes que permite definir con precisión el grado de conservación de los humedales. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo caracterizar el ensamble de odonatos a través de la identificación taxonómica, la densidad y la cuantificación de la biomasa y evaluar una relación alométrica entre el crecimiento de la amplitud cefálica y el peso seco de náyades de Rhionaeschna marchali (Rambur, 1842) (Aeshnidae), presente en un humedal suburbano de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada (Cajicá, Cundinamarca). En total se realizaron siete muestreos semanales en el periodo comprendido entre agosto y octubre del 2014. Se obtuvieron datos con relación a la densidad, la biomasa y un modelo de regresión lineal entre el peso seco y la amplitud cefálica, para el caso de larvas de Rhionaeschna marchali (R2 = 0,61), las demás regresiones no fueron significativas. La especie Mesamphiagrion laterale (Selys, 1876) (Coenagrionidae) mostró la mayor densidad de individuos adultos (0,14 ind m-2) y Rhionaeschna marchali (200 ind m-2) la mayor densidad de inmaduros.
Ensamble ficoperifitíco asociado a macrófitas en una ciénaga tropical colombiana
Authors: De La Hoz-Barrientos Luis Alberto , Osorio-Ávila Farid Jesús
Published: December 2016

El ficoperifíton cumple un papel fundamental en la dinámica de los humedales, pues posee atributos importantes para la bioindicación ya que es sensible a modificaciones del medio en el que habita. El propósito del presente trabajo es determinar la composición y estructura del ensamble ficoperifítico asociado a las raíces de macrófitas en una ciénaga tropical del noroccidente de Colombia. Se realizaron tres muestreos (junio de 2015, setiembre de 2015 y enero de 2016) en tres estaciones localizadas en la zona oriental de la ciénaga. En cada estación se recolectaron muestras de 5 cm2 de raíces de tres individuos de cada macrófita dominante, simultáneamente, se midieron in situ variables físicas y químicas del agua (pH, conductividad, oxígeno, temperatura, profundidad, extinción de luz, sólidos sedimentables y radiación). Se reportan 81 morfoespecies, siendo las diatomeas y clorófitas las algas dominantes. La macrófita Eichhornia crassipes fue el sustrato con mayor riqueza y densidad algal. Cymbella, Gomphonema, Monoraphidium y Cosmarium fueron considerados como colonizadores exitosos, encontrándose en la mayoría de los sustratos evaluados. Las algas perifíticas por su alta tasa de reciclaje de nutrientes han de desempeñar un papel fundamental en la dinámica de este humedal.