bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of primary and aged wood burning and coal combustion organic aerosols in environmental chamber and its implications for atmospheric aerosols
Authors: Yazdani Amir , Dudani Nikunj , Takahama Satoshi , Bertrand Amelie , Prévôt André S. H. , El Haddad Imad , Dillner Ann M.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Particulate matter (PM) affects visibility, climate, and public health. Organic matter (OM), a uniquely complex portion of PM, can make up more than half of total atmospheric fine PM. We investigated the effect of aging on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) concentration and composition for wood burning (WB) and coal combustion (CC) emissions, two major atmospheric OM sources, using mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy and aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS). For this purpose, primary aerosols were injected into an environmental chamber and aged using hydroxyl (diurnal aging) and nitrate (nocturnal aging) radicals to reach an atmospherically-relevant oxidative age. A time-of-flight AMS instrument was used to measure high-time-resolution composition of non-refractory fine PM, while fine PM was collected on PTFE filters before and after aging for MIR analysis. AMS and MIR spectroscopy indicate an approximately three-fold enhancement of organic aerosol (OA) concentration after aging (not wall-loss corrected). The OM : OC ratios also agree closely between the two methods and increase, on average, from 1.6, before aging, to 2, during the course of aging. MIR spectroscopy, which is able to differentiate among oxygenated groups, shows a distinct functional group composition for aged WB (high abundance of carboxylic acids) and CC OA (high abundance of non-acid carbonyls) and detects aromatics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in emissions of both sources. The MIR spectra of fresh WB and CC aerosols are reminiscent of their parent compounds with differences in specific oxygenated functional groups after aging, consistent with expected oxidation pathways for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of each emission source. The AMS mass spectra also show variations with source and aging that are consistent the MIR functional group (FG) analysis. Finally, comparison of the MIR spectra of chamber WB OA with that of ambient samples affected by residential wood burning and wildfires reveals similarities regarding the high abundance of organics, especially acids, and visible signatures of lignin and levoglucosan. This finding is beneficial to source identification of atmospheric aerosols and interpretation of their complex MIR spectra.
Detection of the freezing level with polarimetric weather radar
Authors: Sanchez-Rivas Daniel , Rico-Ramirez Miguel Angel
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Accurate estimation of the Freezing Level (FL) is essential in radar rainfall estimation to mitigate the bright band enhancement, to classify hydrometeors, to correct for rain-attenuation and to calibrate radar measurements. Here we present a novel and robust FL estimation algorithm that can be applied to either Vertical Profiles (VPs) or Quasi-Vertical Profiles (QVPs) built from operational polarimetric weather radar scans. The algorithm depends only on data collected by the radar itself, and it is based on the detection of strong gradients within the profiles and relies on the combination of several polarimetric variables. The VPs and QVPs of ZH showed a good similarity in the profiles (r ≈ 0.7) even though the QVPs are built from low-elevation angles. The algorithm is applied to one year of rainfall events and validated using measured FLs from radiosonde data. The results demonstrated that combining the profiles of ZH, ΡHV and the gradient of the velocity V showed the best FL estimation performance when using VPs, whereas combining the profiles of ZH, ΡHV and ZDR showed the best FL estimation performance when using QVPs. The VP computed from the gradient of the velocity showed to be extremely valuable in the FL estimation when using VPs. The errors in the FL estimation using either VPs or QVPs are within 250 m.
How could phenological records from the Chinese poems of the Tang and Song Dynasties (618–1260 AD) be reliable evidence of past climate changes?
Authors: Liu Yachen , Fang Xiuqi , Dai Junhu , Wang Huanjiong , Tao Zexing
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Phenological records in historical documents have been proved to be of unique value for reconstructing past climate changes. As a literary genre, poetry reached its peak period in the Tang and Song Dynasties (618–1260 AD) in China, which could provide abundant phenological records in this period when lacking phenological observations. However, the reliability of phenological records from poems as well as their processing methods remains to be comprehensively summarized and discussed. In this paper, after introducing the certainties and uncertainties of phenological information in poems, the key processing steps and methods for deriving phenological records from poems and using them in past climate change studies were discussed: (1) two principles namely the principle of conservative and the principle of personal experience should be followed to reduce the uncertainties; (2) the phenological records in poems need to be filtered according to the types of poems, the background information, the rhetorical devices and the spatial representations; (3) the animals and plants are identified to species level according to their modern distributions and the sequences of different phenophases; (4) the phenophases in poems are identified on the basis of modern observation criterion; (5) the dates and sites for the phenophases in poems are confirmed from background information and related studies. Finally, the temperature anomalies reconstructed by phenological records from poems were compared with those reconstructed by other historical documents in published studies to demonstrate the validity and reliability of phenological records from poems in studies of past climate changes. This paper proved that the phenological records from poems could be useful evidence of past climate changes after being scientifically processed and also provides a reference in both principle and methodology for the extraction and application of phenological records from poems.
Synchronized spatial shifts of Hadley and Walker circulations
Authors: Yun Kyung-Sook , Timmermann Axel , Stuecker Malte F.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences the most extensive tropospheric circulation cells on our planet, known as Hadley and Walker circulations. Previous studies have largely focused on the effect of ENSO on the strength of these cells. However, what has remained uncertain is whether interannual sea surface temperature anomalies can also cause synchronized spatial shifts of these circulations. Here, by examining the spatio-temporal relationship between Hadley and Walker cells in observations and climate model experiments, we demonstrate that the seasonally evolving warm pool SST anomalies in the decay phase of an El Niño event generate a meridionally asymmetric Walker circulation response, which couples the zonal and meridional atmospheric overturning circulations. This process, which can be characterized as a phase-synchronized spatial shift in Walker and Hadley cells, is accompanied by cross-equatorial northwesterly low-level flow that diverges from an area of anomalous drying in the western North Pacific and converges towards a region with anomalous moistening in the southern central Pacific. Our results show that the SST-induced concurrent spatial shifts of the two circulations are climatically relevant as they can further amplify extratropical precipitation variability on interannual timescales.
Last interglacial sea levels within the Gulf of Mexico and
northwestern Caribbean Sea
Authors: Simms Alexander R.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. During the Last Interglacial (LIG) the volume of additional water in the world's oceans was large enough to raise global sea levels about 6–9 m higher than present levels. However, LIG sea levels vary regionally and those regional differences hold clues about the past distribution of ice sheets and local rates of subsidence and tectonic uplift. In this study, I used a standardized database template to review and summarize the existing constraints on LIG sea levels across the northern Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean shoreline of the Yucatan Peninsula. In total, I extracted 32 sea-level indicators including the insertion of 16 U-series ages on corals, 1 electron spin resonance age, 2 amino acid racemization ages and 26 luminescence ages. Most dated sea-level indicators for the northern Gulf of Mexico are based on optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages of beach deposits of a mappable LIG shoreline. This shoreline extends from the Florida Panhandle through south Texas but is buried or removed by the Mississippi River across most of Louisiana. A similar feature is observed in satellite images south of the Rio Grande within the Mexican portions of the Gulf of Mexico but has yet to be dated. Elevations measured on portions of this feature close to the modern coast point to sea levels less than 1 m to ~ 5 m higher than present for much of the northern Gulf of Mexico. However, a few, albeit undated, portions of the same shoreline located at more inland locations point to sea levels up to +7.2 m attesting to up to 7 m of differential subsidence between the inland and coastal sites. Across the Yucatan Peninsula, U-series dating of corals has provided the main index points for LIG sea levels. Other carbonate coastal features such as beach ridges and eolianites have also been described, but rely on corals for their dating. The maximum elevation of the LIG coral-based relative sea-level (RSL) estimates decrease from around +6 m across the Caribbean shoreline of the Yucatan Peninsula near Cancun, Mexico to as low as −6 m to the south beneath the southern atolls of Belize, although discussion continues as to the validity of the ages for these southern corals. If these lower elevations corals are LIG in age, their below-present elevations may be a result of vertical motion along faults dipping into the Cayman Trough. South of Belize only one purported LIG coral has been dated on the Isla de Roatán off the coast of Honduras at a likely tectonically uplifted elevation of 37.2 m. Thus the elevation of LIG sea levels within the inland siliciclastic shorelines of Guatemala and Honduras as well as the southwestern Gulf of Mexico remain poorly constrained and potential venues for future research. The database described in this paper is available open-access in spreadsheet format as Simms (2020), at this link: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4002200.
Analysis of the electronic asymmetry of the primary electron donor of photosystem I of Spirodela oligorrhiza by photo-CIDNP solid-state NMR
Authors: Janssen Geertje J. , Eschenbach Patrick , Kurle Patrick , Bode Bela E. , Neugebauer Johannes , de Groot Huub J. M. , Matysik Jörg , Alia Alia
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The electron donor in photosystem I, the chlorophyll dimer P700, is studied by photo-CIDNP (photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization) MAS (magic-angle spinning) NMR on selectively 13C and uniformly 15N labeled PSI core preparations (PSI-100) obtained from the aquatic plant duckweed (Spirodela oligorrhiza). Light-induced signals originate from the isotope labelled nuclei of the cofactors involved in the spin-correlated radical pair forming upon light excitation. Signals are assigned to the two donor cofactors (Chl a and Chl a') and the two acceptor cofactors (both Chl a). Light induced signals originating from both donor and acceptor cofactors demonstrate that electron transfer occurs through both branches of cofactors in the pseudo-C2 symmetric Reaction Center (RC). The experimental results supported by quantum chemical calculations indicate that this functional symmetry occurs in PSI despite similarly sized chemical-shift differences between cofactors of PSI and the functionally asymmetric special-pair donor of the bacterial RC of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. This contributes to converging evidence that local differences in time-averaged electronic ground-state properties, over the donor are of little importance for functional symmetry breaking across photosynthetic RC species.
The heavy precipitation event of 14–15 October 2018 in the Aude catchment: A meteorological study based on operational numerical weather prediction systems and standard and personal observations
Authors: Caumont Olivier , Mandement Marc , Bouttier François , Eeckman Judith , Lebeaupin Brossier Cindy , Lovat Alexane , Nuissier Olivier , Laurantin Olivier
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The case of the heavy precipitation event on 14 and 15 October 2018 which has led to severe flash flooding in the Aude watershed in south-western France is studied from a meteorological point of view using deterministic and probabilistic numerical weather prediction systems, as well as a unique combination of observations from both standard and personal weather stations. This case is typical of Mediterranean heavy precipitation events due to its classic synoptic situation and its quasi-stationary convective precipitation that regenerates continuously, but with some peculiarities such as the presence of a former hurricane and a pre-existing cold air mass close to the ground. It is shown that the positive Mediterranean sea surface temperature anomaly may have played an aggravating role in the amount of precipitation that poured into the Aude basin. On the other hand, soil moisture does not seem to have played a significant role. A study of rainfall forecasts shows that the event had limited predictability, in particular given the small size of the watersheds involved. It is shown that the stationarity of precipitation, whose estimation benefits from data from personal stations, is linked to the presence near the ground of a trough and a strong potential virtual temperature gradient, the stationarity of both of which is highlighted by a combination of observations from standard and personal stations. The forecast that comes closest to the rainfall observations contains the warmest, wettest and fastest low-level jet and also simulates near the ground a trough and a marked boundary between cold air in the west and warm air in the east, both of which are stationary.
Nano-scale earthquake records preserved in plagioclase microfractures from the lower continental crust
Authors: Petley-Ragan Arianne J. , Plumper Oliver , Ildefonse Benoit , Jamtveit Bjørn
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Seismic faulting causes wall rock damage driven by both mechanical stress and thermal energy. In the lower crust, coseismic damage has important implications for wall rock permeability, the progress of subsequent fluid-driven metamorphic reactions, and rock rheology. Wall rock microstructures reveal high-stress conditions near the slip surface during lower crustal earthquakes, however, there is limited documentation on the thermal effect. Here, we present a transmission electron microscopy study of coseismic microfractures in plagioclase feldspar from lower crustal granulites from the Bergen Arcs, Western Norway. Focused ion beam foils are collected 1.25 mm and 1.8 cm from a 2 mm thick eclogite facies pseudotachylyte vein. Dislocation-free plagioclase aggregates fill the microfractures and record a history of recovery from a short-lived high stress-temperature (σ-T) state caused by seismic slip and frictional melting along the nearby fault surface. The plagioclase aggregates retain the crystallographic orientation of the host rock and shape preferred orientation relative to the fault slip surface. We propose that plagioclase partially amorphized along the microfractures at peak stress conditions followed by repolymerization to form dislocation-free grain aggregates within the timeframe of pseudotachylyte formation. The heat from the slip surface dissipated into the wall rock causing a short-lived temperature peak. Subsequent cooling led to exsolution of intermediate plagioclase compositions by spinodal decomposition within a few millimeters distance to the fault surface. Our findings provide microstructural evidence for the high σ-T conditions that are expected in the proximity of seismic faults, highlighting the importance of micro- and nanostructures for the understanding of earthquakes ruptures.
The preserved plume of the Caribbean Large Igneous Plateau revealed by 3D data-integrative models
Authors: Gómez-García Ángela María , Le Breton Eline , Scheck-Wenderoth Magdalena , Monsalve Gaspar , Anikiev Denis
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Remnants of the Caribbean Large Igneous Plateau (CLIP) are found as thicker than normal oceanic crust in the Caribbean Sea, that formed during rapid pulses of magmatic activity at ~ 91–88 Ma and ~ 76 Ma. Strong geochemical evidence supports the hypothesis that the CLIP formed due to melting of the plume head of the Galápagos hotspot, which interacted with the Farallon (Proto-Caribbean) plate in the east Pacific. Considering the plate tectonics theory, it is expected that the lithospheric portion of the plume-related material migrated within the Proto-Caribbean plate, in a north–north-eastward direction, developing the present-day Caribbean plate. In this research, we used 3D lithospheric-scale, data-integrative models of the current Caribbean plate setting to reveal, for the first time, the presence of positive density anomalies in the uppermost lithospheric mantle. These models are based on the integration of up-to-date geophysical datasets, from the Earth’s surface down to 200 km depth, which are validated using high-resolution free-air gravity measurements. Based on the gravity residuals (modelled minus observed gravity), we derive density heterogeneities both in the crystalline crust and the uppermost oceanic mantle (
Global dynamics of a two-strain HIV infection model with intracellular delay
Authors: Xu Jin
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we formulate mathematical model to describe the interaction of two strains of HIV virus and the target cells within a host. Model is in the form of a delay diﬀerential equations with a two discrete delays to account for the average time for replication for the two strains. The model dynamical turns to be generically determined by two composite parameters R1 and R2, the basic reproduction numbers for strain 1 and strain 2 in the absence of the other strain, in the sense that except for the critical case R1 = R2 > 1, the solutions are proved to converge to the corresponding equilibrium globally. The method used is Lyapunov functionals.
Nocturnal Urine Production in Women With Global Polyuria
Authors: Monaghan Thomas F. , Kavoussi Adriana M. , Agudelo Christina W. , Rahman Syed N. , Michelson Kyle P. , Bliwise Donald L. , Lazar Jason M. , Birder Lori A. , Alwis Upeksha S. , Walle Johan Vande , Wein Alan J. , Blaivas Jerry G. , Weiss Jeffrey P. , Everaert Karel
Published: September 2020

Purpose: Low nocturnal urine production (NUP) may be sufficient to rule out global polyuria (GP) in men. This study determines the sensitivity of indices for nocturnal polyuria (NP), defined as nocturnal polyuria index (NPi; nocturnal urine volume/24-hour urine volume) ≥0.33 or NUP ≥90 mL/hr, for detecting GP in women.Methods: Data were analyzed from 2 prospective protocols involving subjects recruited from a urology ambulatory care unit and a continence clinic. Women ≥18 years with nocturia were included if they met either of 2 common criteria for GP: (1) ≥40 mL/kg/24 hr or (2) ≥3,000 mL/24 hr.Results: Thirty-one women were included (NPi, 28.6 [21.3–40.7]; NUP, 100.8 [68.3–135.8] mL/hr). At the ≥40 mL/kg/24-hr cutoff, 40% and 63% of women reporting ≥1 nocturnal void(s) (n=30) had NPi ≥0.33 and NUP ≥90 mL/hr, respectively. Additionally, 53% and 71% of subjects reporting ≥2 nocturnal voids (n=17) had NPi ≥0.33 and NUP ≥90 mL/hr, respectively. At the ≥3,000 mL/24-hr cutoff, 38% and 69% of women reporting ≥1 nocturnal void(s) (n=13) had NPi ≥0.33 and NUP ≥90 mL/hr, respectively, and 63% and 88% of subjects reporting ≥2 nocturnal voids (n=8) had NPi ≥0.33 and NUP ≥90 mL/hr, respectively. By extension, 37%–62% of women with nocturia and GP did not have NP by NPi ≥0.33 criteria, and 12%–37% did not have NP by NUP ≥90 mL/hr criteria.Conclusions: Indices of excess nighttime urination do not reliably predict GP in women. A full-length voiding diary may be particularly important in the evaluation of women with nocturia. Nocturia in women merits further consideration as a distinct entity.
A study on the relationship between workplace spirituality, mental wellbeing and mindfulness
Authors: Jnaneswar K. , Sulphey M.M.
Published: September 2020

Creating and maintaining a healthy organization is a major challenge of organizational leaders in the current volatile and competitive business environment. One of the critical aspects of a healthy organization is employees’ mental wellbeing. Aspects like workplace spirituality and mindfulness are now highly popular among organizations. However, studies linking these variables with employees’ wellbeing is an area that has not received adequate research attention. The pivotal objective of this study is to explore the combined effect of mindfulness and workplace spirituality on employees’ mental wellbeing. A cross-sectional research design was adopted for the study, and data were collected from 333 full-time employees working in diverse industries. Results reveal significant relationship between the three variables. It was also found that both workplace spirituality and mindfulness were significant predictors of mental wellbeing. The present study, enriches the literature by contributing towards an understanding of the causative factors of employees’ mental wellbeing and how it can be improved in the organizations.
Tiempo para la responsabilidad social
Authors: Cruz y Corro Adriana
Published: September 2020

Abstracts are not available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 9, 2020: 1
Prácticas mercadológicas de los emprendedores artesanales y textiles de los municipios de Antiguo Cuscatlán y Santa Tecla
Authors: Guevara Jaime
Published: September 2020

The study of "Marketing strategies used by small entrepreneurs to promote their products" seeks to identify the entrepreneurial marketing practice in Antiguo Cuscatlán and Santa Tecla, and to carry out an analysis of the way in which entrepreneurs develop said practice. Marketing planning is a fundamental strategic element for the projection and effective communication of the products and services of any company or business. Marketing planning requires a knowledge of the market based on a clear segmentation and the identification of those factors that allow creating an innovative and attractive value proposition for the different segments. A fundamental factor analyzed is the vacuum and the need to strengthen the capacities of entrepreneurs in the marketing area, with the aim of making the effort and investment more effective made to publicize their products. The following is an analysis of the entrepreneurial marketing practice based on the planning and development of the market mix: product, price, place and promotion, by the entrepreneurs.
Realidad Empresarial No. 9, 2020: 15-24
¿En qué sentido cabe hablar de ética financiera?
Authors: Camacho Ildefonso
Published: September 2020

Abstracts are not available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 9, 2020: 49-50
n. 34 - A EMERGÊNCIA E O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA EAD NO CAPITALISMO CONTEMPORÂNEO
Authors: Bastos Josie Amaral , Lima Valeria Almada
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma análise sobre a emergência e o desenvolvimento da EAD no ensino superior no Brasil. Adota-se o método crítico dialético para apreender a EAD como fenômeno inserido na totalidade mais ampla da sociedade capitalista contemporânea. Analisa-se a EAD, inserida em uma dinâmica de contradições, a partir de um fenômeno concreto, para compreender suas determinações. Para tanto, faz-se necessário compreender o processo de reestruturação do capital nos países hegemônicos, e como a mundialização do capital influenciou as políticas econômicas e educacionais em todo o mundo, e em especial, nas nações periféricas. Conclui-se que a política de consolidação da EAD, como modalidade de ensino no país, está atrelada ao movimento de mundialização do capital que se apoia no ideário da racionalidade técnica, no contexto da reestruturação produtiva do capital.
Pavement Engineering for Forest Roads
Authors: Heinimann Hans Rudolf
Published: September 2020

Pavement is an essential component of roads as it carries the traffic and provides the required riding comfort. Considering that numerous forest roads are approaching their end of life, the critical issue is identifying the best rational pavement design methods to reengineer existing and build new pavement structures. The purpose of this contribution was (1) to review the big development lines of pavement systems, (2) to have a critical look at the pavement engineering framework, and (3) to bring selected empirical design equations into a comparable scheme. The study resulted in the following significant findings. First, the Trésaguet and McAdam pavement systems represented the state of the art from the beginning of a formal forest road engineering discipline at the beginning of the 19th century and remained for almost 150 years. Second, the emergence of soil mechanics as a scientific discipline in the 1920s resulted in the optimal grading of aggregates and improvement of soils and aggregates with binders, such as lime, cement, and bitumen. Third, the rational pavement design consists of five essential components: (1) bearing resistance of the subsoil, (2) bearing resistance of the pavement structure, (3) lifecycle traffic volume, (4) uncertainties that amplify deterioration, and (5) the limit state criterion, defining thresholds, above which structural safety and serviceability are no longer met. Fourth, rational, formal pavement design approaches used for forest roads were »downsized« from methodologies developed for high-volume roads, among which the approaches of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) are of primary interest. Fifth, the conversion of the AASHTO '93 and USACE '70 methods into the SI system indicated that both equations are sensitive to soil bearing resistance, measured in California Bearing Ratio (CBR). However, there is a lack of validation for the AASHTO and USACE equations for forest road conditions. Consequently, a factorial observational study to gain a basis for validation should be developed and implemented. Additionally, the conversion of simple soil bearing resistance measures, such as CBR, into the resilient modulus will be improved.
Publieke waarden of publiek conflict: democratische grondslagen voor de slimme stad
Authors: van Zoonen Liesbet
Published: September 2020

Public values or public conflict: democratic foundations for the smart city

Public values and citizen participation are key terms in smart city discourse that are propagated by all its actors, from governments to corporations and civil society. Nevertheless, the design and development of smart cities are hardly ‘public’ as some publics and some forms of participation are never included. This is particularly visible in current protests against a key enabling technology for smart cities, 5G. These contestations tend to be considered ill-informed and irrational, while their methods are seen as conflictual rather than helpful. In this article the author argues that the public value approach to smart cities is rooted in a deliberative perspective of democracy, while the tensions that are produced by 5G and other forms of anti-technological protest are better understood as part of agonistic democracy. Such conflicts about the new smart technologies that are currently hidden from public sight need to be articulated and constructed as contentious issues for electoral politics, in order for the smart city to acquire its democratic legitimacy.
Open Abstracts: Where are we?
Authors: Waltman Ludo
Published: September 2020

The Initiative for Open Abstracts (I4OA) launched this week. The initiative calls on scholarly publishers to make the abstracts of their publications openly available. More specifically, publishers that work with Crossref to register DOIs for their publications are requested to include abstracts in the metadata they deposit in Crossref. These abstracts will then be made openly available by Crossref. 39 publishers have already agreed to join I4OA and to open their abstracts...
A Interseção entre Direito e Religião
Authors: Magalhães Rodrigo Almeida , Oliveira Leônidas Meireles Mansur Muniz de
Published: September 2020

As organizações religiosas são identificáveis, historicamente, nas mais diversas sociedades ao redor mundo. A reunião do homem para o desenvolvimento de determinada atividade em prol de uma consciência religiosa é uma característica da humanidade. Sendo assim, o ente coletivo de cunho religioso esteve presente em diversas fases da história. No ano de 2003, o Código Civil Brasileiro inseriu as organizações religiosas como tipo de pessoa jurídica de direito privado, contudo o legislador pátrio não apresentou uma conceituação para esse tipo de pessoa jurídica de direito privado, o que tem apresentado inúmeras divergências em relação à sua definição doutrinária. Essa não conceituação fomenta a discussão sobre quais as atividades são típicas de uma organização religiosa. Tendo como base a existência ontológica e institucional do ente coletivo, com finalidade religiosa, bem como o exercício de atividades de grande relevância social, torna-se perceptível a importância da definição desse tipo de pessoa jurídica de direito privado, principalmente no que tange à sua possibilidade de atuação. Tendo como foco a importante atuação das organizações religiosas no tocante o exercício de atividades que promovem a transformação social, o objetivo desse artigo é apresentar um conceito doutrinário dessas organizações além da possibilidade do exercício do culto e da liturgia. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, foi utilizado o método indutivo e uma pesquisa com enfoque teórico e bibliográfico. Tais métodos permitem a conceituação do instituto em estudo, bem como auxilia na construção da teoria de que as organizações religiosas podem desenvolver atividades além do culto e da liturgia, obedecendo o tipo próprio previsto no Código Civil Brasileiro.
Iêmen: A Pior Crise Humanitária do Mundo
Authors: Albertini Maria de Lourdes Monteiro , Silva Bárbara Thais Pinheiro
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo tem por escopo analisar a pior crise humanitário do mundo, à luz dos preceitos jurídicos internacionais, mormente o Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos e o Direito Internacional Humanitário. Para tanto, analisamos o escopo normativo do Direito Internacional Humanitário, para posteriormente entrarmos em nosso estudo de caso, isto é, a crise humanitária no Iêmen. Para isso, tecemos a evolução histórica do contexto político do país, até chegar nos dias atuais. Elencamos a importância geopolítica da região, e o interesse dos Estados vizinhos no território Iemenita. Por fim, avaliamos as violações ao Direito Internacional Humanitário (DIH) e ao Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos (DIDH) decorrente do conflito no país. Sendo assim, utilizamos do método dedutivo hipotético, com base em pesquisas bibliográficas, análise documental e revisão bibliográfica.
Crise e Solução Consensual de Conflitos
Authors: Campos Filho Moacyr Lobato de
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo trazer breves pontos elucidativos no tocante aos métodos de resolução de conflitos no meio empresarial, mormente no processo de insolvência. Para tanto, propõe-se informar o leitor sobre seu contexto histórico, em brevíssimas notas, como pressuposto da compreensão e da necessidade de uma remodelação, em razão do status contemporâneo de pandemia, do tratamento judicial oferecido à insolvência, conferindo especial atenção à conciliação como uma proposta apta a granjear benefícios mútuos, ou seja, para credor e devedor. Finalmente, realça a existência dos Centros Judiciários de solução de conflitos como instituições capazes de executar tal tarefa de maneira célere e eficaz, acompanhada e supervisionada pelo Poder Judiciário.
Audiência Telepresencial e Devido Processo Constitucional
Authors: Soares Carlos Henrique , Alves Lucélia de Sena
Published: September 2020

A pandemia da Covid-19 provocou inúmeros desafios aos operadores do Direito no sentido de se encontrar soluções processuais adequadas para a continuidade da marcha processual. Uma dessas soluções foi dada pela Portaria n. 61 do Conselho Nacional de Justiça, que instituiu plataforma emergencial de videoconferência para realização de audiências e sessões de julgamento nos órgãos do Poder Judiciário, no período de isolamento social, decorrente da pandemia Covid-19. O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar se o devido processo constitucional tem sido observado na realização de audiências telepresenciais, no âmbito do procedimento comum do CPC/2015, bem como no âmbito dos Juizados Especiais Cíveis (conciliação ou mediação, saneamento e instrução).
O Poder Emanado e Exercido pelo Povo
Authors: Rodrigues Poliana Lino
Published: September 2020

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar considerações propedêuticas sobre o exercício do poder no Brasil, o que se fará por abordagem qualitativa das normas e literatura que apregoam o princípio fundamental de que todo o poder emana e deve ser exercido pelo povo. Tendo em vista a não efetivação do delineamento que apregoa o exercício indireto e direto do poder, são lançadas indagações enquanto elo entre a indagação sobre como exercido o poder do povo e aquela que pergunta se de fato o poder do povo é exercido.
Humanismo em Tempos Sombrios
Authors: Magalhães José Luiz Quadros de , Oliveira Patrícia Miranda Pereira de
Published: September 2020

O ensaio reflete sobre as construções modernas em torno da palavra humanismo, e como a racionalidade construída a partir da construção do atual sistema mundo colonial exclui em momentos variados parcelas expressivas da população encobertas por nomes inventados como índios e negros. Construindo uma crítica à modernidade, o texto procura identificar os movimentos de superação das formas de exclusão moderna, trazendo uma reflexão crítica a partir de uma perspectiva decolonial, analisando ainda a importante iniciativa do Papa Francisco ao estabelecer um diálogo com essas novas perspectivas na realização do Sínodo da Amazônia e a construção do conceito de um humanismo integrado à natureza
El Sujeto Ético
Authors: Gómez Salustiano Álvarez
Published: September 2020

Nossa circunstância histórica vive novidades que convidam à criatividade humana a repensar tanto suas formas de vida como especialmente seu sentida de vida. “Novos tempos” que exigem “novos sentidos”, como conscientemente refletia o Congresso Mundial de Universidades Católicas celebrado na PUC-MINAS em 2013. Sua intenção era exatamente propor um “novo humanismo” capaz de responder às perguntas, dúvidas e anseios do homem atual. A questão principal, sempre antiga e sempre nova, é o valor dado ao próprio ser humano, a consciência do reconhecimento do “outro” e de suas diferenças. Este ideal de um “novo humanismo” está presente no espirito da Faculdade Mineira de Direito da PUC-MINAS, manifestando em seu 70° aniversário o compromisso de continuar o esforço de grandes humanistas da história. Baruc Spinoza oferece um humanismo de afetos e paixões, reflete a connaturalidade social e transformadora do ser humano para defender, profunda e criativamente, a inclusão do homem na natureza e na sociedade. Esta inclusão é seu projeto de vida. Entende o ser humano como “sujeito” transformador a partir da razão, a generosidade e a solidariedade. Procura que o projeto humano supere o egocentrismo e o individualismo, pretendendo eticamente viver uma ação apaixonada e “ex-cêntrica”, que, longe de um ser solitário e fechado em si, gere um ser solidário construtor de liberdade e felicidade. Contribui com o “novo humanismo” fazendo um sujeito protagonista de sua história contra a redução de ser um “sujeito sujeitado”. Um humanismo que se nega a ser um “sujeito sujeitado”.
Parâmetros morfométricos de bacias hidrográficas situadas sobre a Formação Serra Geral, estado do Paraná, Brasil.
Authors: Manosso Fernando César
Published: September 2020

Considerando estudos sobre os parâmetros morfométricos de bacias hidrográficas, sua importância para uma melhor compreensão do meio físico, este trabalho objetivou levantar dados sobre diferentes parâmetros morfométricos de quarenta bacias hidrográficas com tamanhos entre 6 e 49 km2 situadas sobre a Formação Serra Geral, no Terceiro Planalto Paranaense, Folha Topográfica SF-22-Y-D, escala 1:250000. Com apoio de técnicas de geoprocessamento para o levantamento dos parâmetros morfométricos, verificou-se que mesmo sobre a litologia e condições climáticas semelhantes, esses parâmetros podem apresentar uma diversidade em seus resultados, de difícil comparação ou associação. No entanto, conforme o tratamento dos dados, foi possível perceber possíveis correlações entre os parâmetros densidade de drenagem, gradiente, densidade de canais, comprimento médio de vertentes e índice de rugosidade.
Estimativa da Perda de Água Na APA do Rio Pandeiros, Minas Gerais
Authors: Silva Lucas Augusto , Souza Cristiano Marcelo Pereira de , Leite Marcos Esdras , Filgueiras Roberto
Published: September 2020

A evapotranspiração (ETR) varia conforme o uso da terra, período do ano, e pode influenciar no regime hidrológico de uma área. O objetivo foi analisar em série temporal (verão e inverno) as taxas de ETR em bacia hidrográfica, situada no Bioma Cerrado, em condição climática Subúmido-Seco. Utilizamos o algoritmo SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) para estimar a ETR por imagem de satélite Landsat-8, no período de verão e inverno. Selecionamos áreas de oito classes de uso da terra (Cerradão, Cerrado ralo, Mata Seca, Cerrado degradado pelo fogo, irrigação com pivô, pastagem, eucalipto e Veredas). Analise de Componente Principal (PCA) foi aplicada para observar a relação dos usos com outras variáveis (índice de área foliar, índice de área foliar, fluxo de calor sensível, fluxo de calor latente, resistência aerodinâmica, saldo de radiação, e altitude) por. A ETR varia conforme época do ano, com maior ETR no verão, e as maiores médias ocorrem nas áreas de eucalipto (7,5 mm d-1) e veredas (7,2 mm d-1). O cerrado ralo, uso predominante na bacia, possui menor ETR (2,5 mm d-1 / verão), e a conversão destas áreas para usos antrópicos implica no aumento de ETR. A PCA indicou que os usos, alteram a ETR devido ao estado fenológico da planta, e baseado nas condições climáticas. Há indicativo que os reflorestamentos com eucalipto, em áreas de recarga pode afetar negativamente o regime hídrico da bacia em virtude do aumento da ETR.
Yuval Noah Hararis Homo Deus
Authors: Bartel Tobias
Published: September 2020

This thesis deals with the bestseller Homo Deus. A Brief History of Tomorrow by Yuval Noah Harari. It presents the author's view of the future and compares it with that of other minds. The result of this investigation shows that this book cannot be a foresight into the future, but rather a demonstration of possible outcomes. This conclusion is complemented by a critical examination of Harari's form of dataism. Finally, economic implications of a future described by Harari are discussed, which go beyond the author's thoughts.
Experimental Study of the Modulus of Deformation Determined by Static and Dynamic Plate Load Tests
Authors: Lehmann Sirko , Leppla Steffen , Norkus Arnoldas
Published: September 2020

Soil, or soil structure modulus of deformation, is one of the main design parameters for road engineering and traffic infrastructure design of, for example, highways, railways, runways and embankments. It is also the main soil improvement criterion. When creating any road structure with codified design resistance, one employs structural layers of certain thicknesses and modulus of deformation. Both values need to satisfy the minimum values in accordance with codified requirements. This paper analyzes correlations for the widely applied in engineering practice methods to determine the soil stiffness. The static test methods acknowledged to be exact enough for determining the modulus of deformation for the primary and secondary loadings. As dynamic test methods require significantly less time and financial resources, they are widely accepted in engineering practice. The dynamic methods determine only the dynamic modulus of deformation. Design practice aims to relate it with the static modulus of deformation of the secondary loading. Many countries propose codified correlations, with differing levels of conservatism, to convert the dynamic modulus of deformation into the static one. Developed correlations between the results of the static plate load test and the dynamic plate load tests processed from own test results of different soils are presented and a comparative analysis with other proposed correlations is given.
Evaluation of Horizontal Curve Radius Effect on Driving Speed in Two Lane Rural Road. Pilot Study
Authors: Šeporaitis Mindaugas , Vorobjovas Viktoras , Vaitkus Audrius
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a case study of driving speed at horizontal curves in the regional road. The literature review of operating speed at horizontal curves in regional roads expresses the difference between design speed and driving speed. Driving speed was measured in ten horizontal curves on regional road No. 2610. Collected data was compared to the design speed, various design standards, and Operating Speed Prediction Models for traffic in low-volume roads. Based on result analysis, was proposed initial adjusted minimum radius of the horizontal curve based on operating speed. It is justified that proposed corrections based on operating speed ensure a credible speed limit effect on road safety. The performed experiment showed different tendencies comparing measured driving speed with permitted and design speeds. It was determined that dependent on specific curved section drivers tend to exceed posted speed limit from 17% to 98% of cases, and from 41% to 100% − the design speed in the horizontal curve. This research led to identifying the limitations of experimental research methodology. These limitations are related to experimental Site selection with different combinations of alignment elements, traffic, and accident data. A pilot study showed significant results and gave essential insights into the full-scale research plan. The results are expected to benefit both other researchers and the organisations responsible for the development and implementation of normative technical documents for road design.
The dynamic interplay between ATP/ADP levels and autophagy sustain neuronal migration in vivo
Authors: Bressan Cedric , Pecora Alessandra , Gagnon Dave , Snapyan Marina , Labrecque Simon , De Koninck Paul , Parent Martin , Saghatelyan Armen
Published: September 2020

Cell migration is a dynamic process that entails extensive protein synthesis and recycling, structural remodeling, and considerable bioenergetic demand. Autophagy is one of the pathways that maintain cellular homeostasis. Time-lapse imaging of autophagosomes and ATP/ADP levels in migrating cells in the rostral migratory stream of mouse revealed that decreases in ATP levels force cells into the stationary phase and induce autophagy. Pharmacological or genetic impairments of autophagy in neuroblasts using either bafilomycin, inducible conditional mice, or CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing decreased cell migration due to the longer duration of the stationary phase. Autophagy is modulated in response to migration-promoting and inhibiting molecular cues and is required for the recycling of focal adhesions. Our results show that autophagy and energy consumption act in concert in migrating cells to dynamically regulate the pace and periodicity of the migratory and stationary phases to sustain neuronal migration.
Experience, circuit dynamics, and forebrain recruitment in larval zebrafish prey capture
Authors: Oldfield Claire S , Grossrubatscher Irene , Chávez Mario , Hoagland Adam , Huth Alex R , Carroll Elizabeth C , Prendergast Andrew , Qu Tony , Gallant Jack L , Wyart Claire , Isacoff Ehud Y
Published: September 2020

Experience influences behavior, but little is known about how experience is encoded in the brain, and how changes in neural activity are implemented at a network level to improve performance. Here we investigate how differences in experience impact brain circuitry and behavior in larval zebrafish prey capture. We find that experience of live prey compared to inert food increases capture success by boosting capture initiation. In response to live prey, animals with and without prior experience of live prey show activity in visual areas (pretectum and optic tectum) and motor areas (cerebellum and hindbrain), with similar visual area retinotopic maps of prey position. However, prey-experienced animals more readily initiate capture in response to visual area activity and have greater visually-evoked activity in two forebrain areas: the telencephalon and habenula. Consequently, disruption of habenular neurons reduces capture performance in prey-experienced fish. Together, our results suggest that experience of prey strengthens prey-associated visual drive to the forebrain, and that this lowers the threshold for prey-associated visual activity to trigger activity in motor areas, thereby improving capture performance.
Testicular hormones mediate robust sex differences in impulsive choice in rats
Authors: Hernandez Caesar M , Orsini Caitlin , Wheeler Alexa-Rae , Ten Eyck Tyler W , Betzhold Sara M , Labiste Chase C , Wright Noelle G , Setlow Barry , Bizon Jennifer L
Published: September 2020

Impairments in choosing optimally between immediate and delayed rewards are associated with numerous psychiatric disorders. Such ‘intertemporal’ choice is influenced by genetic and experiential factors; however, the contributions of biological sex are understudied and data to date are largely inconclusive. Rats were used to determine how sex and gonadal hormones influence choices between small, immediate and large, delayed rewards. Females showed markedly greater preference than males for small, immediate over large, delayed rewards (greater impulsive choice). This difference was neither due to differences in food motivation or reward magnitude perception, nor was it affected by estrous cycle. Ovariectomies did not affect choice in females, whereas orchiectomies increased impulsive choice in males. These data show that male rats exhibit less impulsive choice than females and that this difference is at least partly maintained by testicular hormones. These differences in impulsive choice could be linked to gender differences across multiple neuropsychiatric conditions.
Defining the function of OmpA in the Rcs stress response
Authors: Dekoninck Kilian , Létoquart Juliette , Laguri Cédric , Demange Pascal , Bevernaegie Robin , Simorre Jean-Pierre , Dehu Olivia , Iorga Bogdan I , Elias Benjamin , Cho Seung-Hyun , Collet Jean-Francois
Published: September 2020

OmpA, a protein commonly found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, has served as a paradigm for the study of β-barrel proteins for several decades. InEscherichia coli, OmpA was previously reported to form complexes with RcsF, a surface-exposed lipoprotein that triggers the Rcs stress response when damage occurs in the outer membrane and the peptidoglycan. How OmpA interacts with RcsF and whether this interaction allows RcsF to reach the surface has remained unclear. Here, we integrated in vivo and in vitro approaches to establish that RcsF interacts with the C-terminal, periplasmic domain of OmpA, not with the N-terminal β-barrel, thus implying that RcsF does not reach the bacterial surface via OmpA. Our results suggest a novel function for OmpA in the cell envelope: OmpA competes with the inner membrane protein IgaA, the downstream Rcs component, for RcsF binding across the periplasm, thereby regulating the Rcs response.