bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Effects of Sof-Lex, Eve, and Astropol Polishing Systems on Composite Resin Surface Roughness After Aging
Authors: Saati Keyvan , Valizadeh Sara , Rahmaniparast Anahita , Karimi Mandana
Published: September 2024

Objectives: Surface roughness is one of the important properties of composite restorations. Different polishing systems are used to provide an appropriate composite restoration surface. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Sof-Lex, Eve, and Astropol polishing systems on composite resin surface roughness after aging.
Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 36 composite discs (8×2mm) were fabricated. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups (N=12) for polishing with (I) Sof-Lex (3M ESPE), (II) Eve (Ernst Vetter GmbH), and (III) Astropol (Ivoclar/Vivadent) polishing systems. The specimens were then subjected to thermocycling. Surface roughness of the specimens was measured before and after polishing, and after thermocycling by a contact profilometer. Repeated Measures ANOVA was used to analyze the data (α=0.05).
Results: Although Astropol showed slightly higher surface roughness in comparison to Sof-Lex and Eve, the level of surface roughness before and after polishing and after aging was not significantly different among the three polishing systems (P=0.704).
Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, Sof-Lex, Eve, and Astropol showed similar acceptable results with regard to composite resin surface roughness.
Comparison of miRNA Profiles of Primary Tumors and Metastatic Tumors of Salivary Gland Tumors and their Role in Prognosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mohtasham Nooshin , Tarrah Mahtab , Arab Fatemeh , Sadeghi Masoumeh , Mohajertehran Farnaz
Published: September 2024

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in several biological processes, such as control of tissue homeostasis, cell signaling, differentiation, proliferation, neoplastic transformation, and activation/inhibition of apoptotic mechanisms. In this systematic review, we evaluated the changes in the expression pattern of miRNAs in salivary gland tumors (SGTs).
Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, and Scopus with no language and date restrictions in Feb 2023. All the studies on SGTs that evaluated miRNA profiling were included. Relevant data regarding the overexpression and down-regulation of the miRNAs were extracted. The quality of the included studies was evaluated with Newcastle–Ottawa checklist. The altered expression of miRNAs was evaluated between SGTs and normal cases, benign and malignant tumors, and primary and high-grade tumors.
Results: Thirteen studies were included in this systematic review. There were considerable differences between malignant and benign tumors regarding the miRNAs expression level. In the five studies, the miRNA profile of the primary tumors was compared with metastatic tumors to reveal the involvement of the miRNA in the prognosis of the salivary tumors. The miRNAs expression changes were correlated with tumor size, stage, recurrence, and occurrence of solid components. Perineural invasion and lymph node metastasis were also reported in ACC-LM cell line and recurrence of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) tissues.
Conclusion: The miRNA profiling confirms their prognostic value in salivary gland tumors. Significant alternations of the miRNAs expression are useful for distinguishing different types of salivary tumors and malignant tumors from benign types. The miRNA expression changes also affect the prognosis of salivary tumors.
The Impact of Regular Physical Activity Participation on Physical Fitness and Problem Behaviors in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kim Dong-Il
Published: September 2024

The Article Abstract is not available.
Religião e Política na Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus: um debate sobre o contexto pós eleições de 2022
Authors: Maia Bruna Nogueira , Oliveira Fabrício Roberto Costa , Almendagna Isadora
Published: September 2024

Este artigo analisa o posicionamento político da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus (IURD) após as eleições presidenciais do ano de 2022. Nosso interesse pela pesquisa se justifica pelo fato da IURD ser uma instituição que se utiliza do pragmatismo como balizador para a formação de alianças políticas. Como fator inédito, a agremiação foi consistente apoiadora de Jair Bolsonaro, mesmo quando as pesquisas eleitorais apontavam a vitória de Lula e do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT). Por se tratar de uma instituição que preza pela boa relação com dirigentes do Governo Federal, este estudo é pautado na indagação acerca do alinhamento político da IURD, visto sua incisiva campanha promovida contra o governo Lula (PT) no pleito eleitoral. O principal material empírico desta análise é o jornal Folha Universal, ferramenta de evangelização e informativo semanal da IURD. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que ambiciona capturar a abordagem do periódico nas manifestações bolsonaristas contrárias aos resultados eleitorais como os protestos em frente aos quartéis militares, o ato no feriado de Proclamação da República, a posse presidencial e as manifestações inconstitucionais em Brasília. Embora Bolsonaro não tenha sido eleito, os resultados eleitorais foram favoráveis para a eleição de diversos políticos ligados à IURD. Os resultados demonstram que o conteúdo do jornal indica, de um lado, a necessidade de se respeitar o resultado eleitoral e, de outro, a continuidade das críticas à Lula e ao PT.
Shoprite Holdings LtdCase Study: Challenges for Expansion in Africa
Authors: Cambaza Kaori
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the obstacles faced by the African expansion efforts of Shoprite Holdings Ltd., a South African retailer. Shoprite pursued mergers and acquisitions within its native country but established wholly owned subsidiaries as its preferred entry route for expanding into other African states. As a result, Shoprite significantly increased its operations by expanding to 16 nations by 2020. However, Shoprite currently focuses its operation in ten countries, exclusively in southern African countries and its home country. This study seeks to comprehend the reasons behind Shoprite's rapid withdrawal from multiple African countries and shed insight into the challenges of conducting business in Africa's demanding business climate. The analysis revealed a combination of economic variables, such as reduced purchasing power of customers, currency volatility, increased operational costs, and the economic shocks caused by the COVID-19 outbreak. Additionally, high customer preference for informal markets and social factors were also identified. The findings indicate that Shoprite should prioritize strategic location selection, adopt a lower entry mode, and consider the potential for developing e-commerce as feasible measures. The report proposes that African retail businesses should comprehend the intricacies of the African market and employ strategies for international expansion, entrance techniques, and the significance of adjusting operations to local conditions and regulatory environments. These discussions offer insights to organizations considering international expansion, seeking to mitigate risks, and aiming to optimize their market entry strategy in various locations, specifically Africa.
Traditional Russian Moral and Spiritual Values as a Criminal Law Protection Item
Authors:   Leading Research Scientist of Research Center No. 2 of the Federal State Institution Research Institute, Kashkina Ekaterina V.
Published: September 2024

The article provides a definition of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values and substantiates their connection with the national security system, within which these values are protected from various kinds of threats. The paper considers the concept of “legal protection”, identified with the concept of “protection”, which allows us to talk about the need to recognize traditional values as an object of legal protection in the format of criminal law protection. The author argues the admissibility of this point of view from the position of compliance of traditional values, as an object of criminal law protection, with the criteria of the object allocated by domestic scientists. In favor of the admissibility of recognizing traditional Russian spiritual and moral values as an object of criminal law protection, the fact of recognizing a number of elements that make up this concept as these objects testifies.
Specific of Initiation of Criminal Cases on Tax Crimes Stipulated by Articles 198 and 199 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Legal Department of the Humanitarian Social Institute, PhD (Economics), Kleschenko Yury G.
Published: September 2024

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the initiation of criminal cases on tax crimes. It is noted that if the facts of nonpayment of taxes by the taxpayer’s counterparties with signs of fictitiousness are revealed, the head or other officials of the taxpayer organization can be held liable for tax evasion (Articles 198, 199 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) only if there is evidence of their collusion with individuals controlling the counterparty or evidence of the counterparty’s control over the head or other officials of the taxpayer organization. In the case of establishing the fictitiousness of an intermediate link, it is necessary to establish who actually exercised control over such a link, where the funds were sent, as well as other circumstances that may contribute to the identification of the final beneficiary. The conclusion is formulated that the initiation of criminal cases after full payment of taxes is not allowed. Timely payment of the additional amounts excludes bringing a person to criminal responsibility. The initiation of a criminal case, which generates unjustified threats to a person, his rights and freedoms, is disproportionate to the consequences in the case of full compensation for the damage caused to the budget system.
The Problem of Definition of the Electronic Evidence Concept: Aspects of Law-Making and Judicial Practice
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Judicial Examinations of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Shikhalieva Seldzhan Z.
Published: September 2024

The concept and characteristics of electronic documents are analyzed. Various approaches to the problem of understanding electronic evidence by legislative and judicial bodies are considered, the nature and essence of the concept of “electronic document” is studied, an overview of judicial practice is presented, and the author’s method of solving this problem is proposed. The author concludes that it is necessary to combine all known forms of electronic documents into a separate type of electronic evidence. A number of shortcomings associated with the practice of courts evaluating electronic evidence are highlighted, and ways to overcome these problems are proposed.
The Subsidiary Liability Institution in Insolvency (Bankruptcy) Cases
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure of the Law School of the Far Eastern Federal University, Romanov Andrey A. , Nabokova Anna V. ,   Assistant Judge of the Ninth General Jurisdiction Court of Cassation
Published: September 2024

This article is devoted to the study of the institution of subsidiary liability in insolvency (bankruptcy) cases with a comparison with the general principles of civil liability in domestic law, identifying similarities and differences taking into account law enforcement and judicial practice. The conclusion is stated that subsidiary liability in bankruptcy law currently has the features of an independent type of liability, for which a corresponding justification is given.
The Court Paradigm as a Subject of Law
Authors:   Attorney at Asnis and Partners Law Office No. 31 of the Moscow City Bar Association, PhD (Law), Solyanko Pavel B.
Published: September 2024

The article provides a brief description of the theoretical foundations of the functioning of the court as subjects of modern law in their connection with both the specifics of the legal status of courts and the idea of the legal personality of the court as a legal phenomenon. The idea of the court as a subject of law makes it possible to qualitatively influence not only the activities of a particular public authority, but also to initiate the implementation in legal reality of the principles of the rule of law, maintaining the implementation of the ideas of law and order, legality, legitimate and democratic government.
The Possibility of Digital Evaluation of Admissibility of an Application from the Viewpoint of Abiding by the Consecutive Appeal Principle in a Civil Procedure
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure of the M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Fedorova Anna P.
Published: September 2024

Digital achievements are becoming increasingly important in life, including in the public sector regulating legal proceedings. In the article, the author analyzes the possibilities of simplifying and speeding up the process of appealing judicial acts against the background of the indicated trend of information technologies introduced by the state and society. The exhaustion of other methods of appeal as the basis of the principle of consistent appeal allows, in certain cases, to apply the methods of algorithms to build a mechanism for the adoption of a judicial act using technology, as well as using an artificial intelligence system. The author describes an agreed system that combines technical and legal requirements for the digital assessment of the admissibility of a complaint in terms of compliance with the principle of consistent appeal.
The Principle of Direct Proceedings in the Context of Certain Sources of Evidence in a Civil Procedure
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Civil Procedure of the Saratov State Law Academy, Pakhomova Olga A.
Published: September 2024

In civil procedural legislation there are a number of principles aimed at ensuring fairness and efficiency of judicial procedures. This article is devoted to one of these principles – the principle of immediacy. In the course of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that, despite the presence of relevant norms in the legislation, in practice the principle of immediacy manifests itself in different ways, taking into account the characteristics of individual means of proof.
Comparison of Gene Expression for Preimplantation Genes in Bovine Embryos Fertilized in vitro
Authors: Al-Malahi Nawal M. , Daghestani Maha H. , Al-Ghadi Muath Q. , Alkhuriji Afrah F. , Amran Ramzi A. , Alhimaidi Ahmad R.
Published: September 2024

Background: In vitro fertilization (IVF) the technique is useful for understanding early mammalian development and maximizing and speeding up genetic improvement in livestock. Genes that function as genetic markers and are involved in the pre-implantation development of embryos may be used to evaluate the quality of an embryo and the expression of these genes is correlated with the timing of embryonic genomic activation. Methods: Maturing the oocytes of bovine, then fertilizing these matured oocytes and finally culturing the fertilized oocytes to develop into embryos. Determined the gene expression of different certain genes HSP70, OCT4, GLUT1, BAX and DNMT1 in these different cell stages of embryos that were produced. Result: The mRNA expression of these genes was estimated after collecting the embryos listed above that were produced by the in vitro technique. The results showed statistically significant differences in the relative abundance between some of the genes mentioned above in each embryo stage. The timing of the zygotic genome activation process (ZGA) can result in differences in gene expression levels between the early embryonic genes in each developmental stage of in vitro-produced bovine embryos.
Estimation of Nutrient Uptake and Available Nutrient Status of Rabi Safflower Through Soil Test Crop Response in Rainfed Ecosystem
Authors: Hiwale S.D. , Chorey A.B. , Patil S.S.
Published: September 2024

Background: Adoption of SSNM is directly affected by cost of fertilizer. Soil test crop response (STCR) concept attribute to contribution of soil and targeted yield level for fertilizer recommendation for a selected crop. This approach is also known as prescription based fertilizer recommendations. It is specific type of soil, climatic condition and specific location. Nutrient requirement is differ for different crops. The available soil nutrients efficient used and added to those available soil nutrients through fertilizers is different for different type of soil geography under a particular set of climatic conditions. Methods: A research experiment was carried out during rabi 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Research Farm of Agronomy, Dr. P.D.K.V, Akola (Maharashtra). Fertilizers were applied based on uptake pattern of crop, target yield levels and soil test values. The experiment was laid out in FRBD-Factorial randomized block design with two factors. Total 15 treatment combinations were formed which replication 4 times. Result: Significantly greater uptake of nitrogen (62.76, 74.67 and 81.89 kg ha-1), phosphorus (19.15, 24.32 and 29.38 kg ha-1), potassium (80.32, 92.14 and 99.18 kg ha-1), sulphur (18.46, 24.10 and 26.03 kg ha-1) and zinc (493.97, 571.01 and 620.91 g ha-1) recorded in treatment where crop supplied with farm yard manure @ 5 t ha-1 than rest of treatments during 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. A similar trend was observed in respect of soil nutrient status such as available N, P2O5, K2O, S and Zn. Application of fertilizers through soil test crop response equation with zinc sulphate @ 25 kg ha-1 and Sulphur @ 10 kg ha-1 registered maximum total uptake of nitrogen (66.89, 78.99 and 90.06 kg ha-1), phosphorus (20.78, 25.31 and 31.96 kg ha-1), potassium (86.05, 97.99 and 109.09 kg ha-1), sulphur (20.27, 26.39 and 29.80 kg ha-1) and zinc (537.78, 618.06 and 696.21 g ha-1) than rest of nutrient management treatments during three years of field experiment, respectively. The same trend was observed with respect to available N, P2O5, K2O, S and Zn under respective treatment during three years of experimentation.
2000 years since the birth of Pliny the Elder
Authors: Voytehovskiy Yuri
Published: September 2024

The article is timed to the 2000th anniversary of the birth of Pliny the Elder (23–79 A.D.), the author of «Natural History», in which two last volumes are devoted to rocks and minerals. Attention is drawn to the fact that he was the first to fix polyhedron attributes (faces, edges, vertices) on perfect natural crystals. It was not until 16 centuries later that their measurements led to the empirical laws of N. Steno (1638–1686) and R. J. Haüy (1743–1822). Translations from «Natural History» are given according to V. M. Severgin, descriptions of the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 are taken from the XVI letter to Tacitus by Pliny Jr. The purpose of the article is to accurately set the stage for the history of mineralogy and crystallography. It is aimed at historians of science, as well as teachers, graduate students and students of geological faculties of universities. The citation of old and ancient authors in the article is important to prove the main thesis — the priority of Pliny the Elder, and also aims to attract young researchers to read primary sources.
Essais d'acclimatation de conifères tropicaux au Congo-Brazzaville
Authors: Groulez J.
Published: September 2024

Des tests sont en cours au Congo depuis 5 ans. L'auteur commence par expliquer les conditions écologiques locales des stations d'implantation.Celles-ci sont situées approximativement au 4ème degré de longitude sud. Les précipitations annuelles moyennes se situent entre 1 000 et 1 600 mm et l'altitude moyenne varie de 50 à 700 mètres.Les premiers essais remontent à 1959, lorsque des pousses mycorhizées ont été apportées de la station de Foumbam, au Cameroun. Les essais ont porté sur une trentaine d'espèces, sur une superficie d'un peu plus de 50 hectares. Jusqu'à présent, c'est Pinus caribaea qui a donné les meilleurs résultats. Pinus khasya var. insularis et Pinus oocarpa semblent prometteurs. L'auteur décrit les techniques adoptées pour les pépinières et les plantations.
Le marché des bois tropicaux en France : 1re partie
Authors: Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT)  , Compagnie Française d’Organisation (COFROR)
Published: September 2024

Les importations françaises de bois tropicaux sont en augmentation constante depuis 1956 ; les importations de bois brut ont doublé entre 1956 et 1962. Les auteurs passent en revue, dans la première partie de cet article, les essences importées et la répartition par ports maritimes d'importation. Ils examinent l'importance et la structure du commerce d'importation des bois tropicaux en France. La deuxième partie est consacrée aux industries de première transformation : scieries, industrie du contreplaqué (qui regroupe 50 entreprises produisant plus de 400 000 m3 de panneaux divers, et dont les problèmes d'approvisionnement, de prix et de commercialisation sont examinés). Les mêmes problèmes se posent pour l'industrie du tranchage, qui est également analysée.
Four decades in the vineyard: the impact of climate change on grapevine phenology and wine quality in northern Italy
Authors: Faralli Michele , Mallucci Stefano , Bignardi Alessandro , Varner Mauro , Bertamini Massimo
Published: September 2024

The wine sector, among the most profitable agricultural segments, has been markedly affected by the ongoing climate change impacts, such as warmer climate conditions with higher frequency of extreme temperatures and a trend of decreasing precipitation. All this results in higher evaporative demand and therefore higher occurrence of water stress events leading to advancement of temperature-sensitive phenological stages (e.g., budburst and ripening). Such negative effects eventually affect berry development and quality, especially in historically valuable viticultural areas, forcing winegrowers to work within a compressed harvest period to maintain wine typicity. In this work we examined the relationship between environmental variables (air and soil temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and solar radiation), phenology, berry, and wine quality for the two varieties (Chardonnay and Teroldego) in Trentino Alto-Adige/South Tyrol (Italy) over 36 years. Huglin Index (a bioclimatic heat index), growing degree days (measure of heat accumulation), and overall mean temperature showed linear increase (p < 0.001) in the last years, while no variations were recorded for precipitations. Despite no major effects being observed for phenological interval lengths, the onset of most of the phenological stages for both varieties had significantly (p < 0.001) advanced. However, i) early budburst pushed the budburst-flowering interphase by -1.2 days every two years toward putative colder periods with increased late frost probability and potential slower phenological progression towards flowering, and ii) early veraison shifted the veraison-ripening interphase by 0.25 day per year into warmer periods that oppositely impose faster phenological advancement. Hence, a substantial equilibrium in the seasonal growing length over years was maintained. Potential carry-over effects from the previous season were observed, particularly associated with heat requirements to unlock early phenological events, raising additional concerns on the additive effects of climate change to viticulture. Generally, white wine quality increased (p < 0.05) over the years, while red and sparkling wines remained unaffected. This was putatively related to accurate harvest date decision-making dictated by berry quality parameters: sugar-to-acidity ratio for Chardonnay and bunch sanitary status for Teroldego. Overall, this work provides evidence of the dynamics involved in climate change, and, to our knowledge, its overlooked effects on viticulture, thus providing new insights that can contribute to further developing adaptive strategies.
Stoicism 'à la mode': Senecan Ethics in Roger Bacon’s 'Moralis philosophia'
Authors: Colish Marcia
Published: September 2024

While recent scholarship accents early Franciscans’ use of Greek and Greco-Arabic sources in their ethics, Roger Bacon’s appeal to Stoic ethics via Seneca in his Moralis philosophia, the last book of his Opus maius, has not been given its due. Bacon’s citation of Seneca’s dialogues privileges De ira and works he associates with it. Placing Bacon’s ethics in the context of classical and Christian traditions on anger, this paper argues that Bacon uses Seneca to undermine the arguments for righteous anger in both these traditions, specifically those validated by his Franciscan contemporary John of La Rochelle. Bacon’s alternative addresses ethical and political concerns he shares with his dedicatee, Pope Clement IV, and with Franciscan confrères committed to popular preaching and the apostolate to non-Christians. As such, Bacon’s Stoic ethics à la mode needs clearer recognition in the ongoing reinterpretation of thirteenth-century Franciscan thought.
Duns Scotus’s Entangled Doctrines of Univocity, Freedom, and the Powers of the Soul
Authors: Wennemann Matthew
Published: September 2024

In this paper, I argue that that three of Duns Scotus’s most controversial philosophical positions, namely, his doctrine of the univocity of the concept of being, his radical voluntarism, and his formal distinction between the soul and its powers, are related in the following way: The latter two depend upon the former, sometimes in obvious ways that Duns Scotus owns, and sometimes in ways that are not licensed by the doctrine of the univocity of the concept of being as Scotus himself claims to employ it. In particular, I argue that in Scotus’s development of his theory of freedom and his understanding of the powers of the soul, he makes inferences from God to creatures that the doctrine of the univocity of the concept of being does not allow and that, coupled with inferences that are licensed by that doctrine, result in circularity.
Does colour really matter to a sympathetic impartialist? Interrogating Wiredu’s moral universalism and the challenge of racial discrimination
Authors:   Obafemi Awolowo University, Olanipekun Victor
Published: September 2024

Does Colour really matter to a sympathetic impartialist? In this article, I return a negative response. The article examines certain aspect of Kwasi Wiredu’s moral philosophy in Cul­tural Universals and Particulars, and how that aspect of his moral philosophy is applicable to an issue of global concern such as racism. One of the major ways by which Wiredu es­tablished his version of moral universalism is through the principle of sympathetic impar­tiality (PSI). This principle is central to his moral theory because for him, the principle is not only common to all human practice of morality, but is also essential to the harmoniza­tion of human interests in the society. This article attempts to interrogate how Wiredu’s PSI could be employed to tackle the problem of racial discrimination that bedevilled the whole world. The study employs the method of textual interpretation, argumentative discourses of Wiredu’s principle of sympathetic impartiality and analysis of the concepts of racism. The paper contends that if the principle of sympathetic impartiality is universally embraced, it stands the chance of reducing the global problem of racism.
Georgy Sviridov’s philosophy of the national spirit
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Danilov Alexander
Published: September 2024

The article considers the ideas of the national spirit expressed in a kind of literary work by the great Russian composer and thinker of the twentieth century, Georgy Vasilyevich Sviridov (1915–1998), in the book “Music as Destiny” (2nd ed., revised and expanded. M.: Molodaya Gvardiya, 2017. 795 p.). The notebooks of “Various recordings” have rightly become a revelation for his fans, the musical community and a wide readership, revealing the secrets of the soul and the mind of the thinker. The book itself has become a special document of the bygone Soviet era, its spiritual culture, the importance and rele­vance of which will only increase with time. In his “ephemeral” writings, the author man­aged to reflect something more than just his time. He looked far ahead and became an ex­ponent of the national spirit of the Russian people. In the conditions of a sharp decline in the level of culture, morality and humanity, the honest voice of a thinker in defence of the priority of moral choice and sincere human participation becomes truly prophetic. It sounds like a prophetic bell in defence of goodness, justice and life on Earth. Underes­timating culture’s role in society’s life, in forming its spiritual basis, is still having ad­verse effects today. For too long, culture has remained on the periphery. It has been seen as something secondary. Too often in recent decades, culture has been left to busi­nessmen, who have imposed on society a borrowed image of the “right” way to live. This image is alien to local traditions, historical experience and the values of multinational Russia. However, in the absence of an official ideology, culture, as the spiritual core of all peoples and social classes of the country, plays the role of the spiritual and values affir­mation of the new universal cultural identity of Russian society. It consolidates and pre­serves the spiritual community and integrity of this society, remaining as a common spiri­tual and value platform for the formation of the country’s future image. In such a si­tuation, culture is increasingly associated with the environment of the preservation and transmission of the spiritual heritage of the people. Recently, the world has been in the grip of a global instability, the adaptation to which has been a motive for the under­standing of losses and new discoveries. The world has begun to open up in a different way, and it has become clear how many mistakes have been made in the universal chaos, and how many tests still need to be passed in order to embark on the path that des­tiny has outlined for us. The thoughts of the prophet in his homeland, Georgy Vasilyevich Sviridov, became a guiding star for many people on the way to the understanding of the Motherland.
Aristotle on odor and sense of smell
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Volkova Nadezhda
Published: September 2024

This article is devoted to the sense of smell in Aristotle’s psychology. Aristotle defines all senses by their proper objects. In the case of sense of smell, this is difficult to do, because the human sense of smell is poorly developed. In addition, the odor itself is problematic, ac­cording to Aristotle, it appears only under certain conditions. The purpose of this work was to consider the main aspects of Aristotle’s theory of the sense of smell. In this article, spe­cial attention will be paid to the following topics. Firstly, I considered the nature of odor: 1) why Aristotle defines odors and flavors as “almost the same affection”; 2) why odor should be considered as ἔγχυμον ξηρόν, and not as ἔγχυμον ὑγρόν; 3) what is the property of water and air, which plays the crucial role in the appearance of odors. Secondly, the ques­tion of the structure of the olfactory organ. Thirdly, the question of types of odors. And fourthly, the question of the place of the sense of smell among the other senses. It is shown that: 1) although Aristotle gives similar definitions of odors and flavors, he does not re­duce them to one another; 2) the medium plays the crucial role in distinguishing them; 3) the analogy between kinds of flavors and kinds of odors is not based on mathematical proportion of components; 4) the two types of odors named by Aristotle in De Sensu cannot have the same physical nature; 5) many difficulties concerning the sense of smell are con­nected with the specific role that it plays among other senses.
The Perfection of Individual Freedom and the Inexorable Nature of Cultural History: the Absolute in Konstantin Leont’ev’s Religious Metaphysics
Authors:   School of Philosophy and Cultural Studies, Faculty of Humanities. National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Smirnov Egor
Published: September 2024

The following article considers K.N. Leont’ev’s religious and philosophical ideas concerning the historico-cultural process, its fateful direction and its eschatological end. The restriction of individual freedom in the domain of cultural history was assumed by Leont’ev due to his interpretation of faith in a personal God, the Owner of the world’s fate. A specific religious and philosophical thesis was made by Leont’ev that the cultural benefits of man are determined by his own choice between the sphere of obedience and the sphere of revolt in regards to his relation to the Absolute. In the 19th century, humanity was inspired by the spirit of egalitarianism, but while attempting to challenge the divine authority, it will sooner or later find out that it was poorly mistaken and experience the restrictions of human nature in the face of the inevitable and catastrophic end of the cosmos. While being based on the hermeneutical teachings of H.-G. Gadamer, who philosophically rehabilitated man’s historicity and his pre-conceptions of cultural temporality, the author asserts that one should pay attention to the religious and philosophical schemes of Leont’ev in the context of the Sacred Tradition of the Church, which determined his thinking. It may be possible that the application of this method will lead to a more perfect understanding of Leont’ev’s religious metaphysics.
Evidence of Simple Harmonic Motion in the Settingof Elementary Electric Charge: A Review ofHistorical Data and Implications for Future Research
Authors: Williams Lamont
Published: September 2024

In many early studies of the value of elementary electric charge (e), experimentalists identified what appeared to be substantial discrepancies among results. Some discrepancies were explained; some were not. This investigation provides evidence suggesting that some discrepancies among experimental findings for the value of e may have been the result of the electromagnetic field between interacting particles behaving somewhat like a spring undergoing simple harmonic motion. Here, the standard value of e is associated with the equilibrium position of the field and the other values are associated with displacement from that position. This would have led to higher values of e in some cases and lower values in others, consistent with the experimental findings. Implications for the spatiotemporal nature of electrons in materials, fine-structure constant, and Landau pole are discussed.
Lynronne antimicrobial peptides with terminal D amino acid enantiomers synergize with bedaquiline against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Hingley-Wilson Suzie , Xu Ye , Oyama Linda , Akwani Winifred , Casey Rosalyn , Huws Sharon , McFadden Johnjoe
Published: September 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) treatment is challenging due to prolonged chemotherapy and rising multidrug resistance. Here, we investigated the antimicrobial properties of the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) lynronne (LYN)-1, -2 and -3, both in their natural form or with terminal D-enantiomers, alongside their synergistic effects with common TB drugs. Notably, D-enantiomer replacement improves LYNs’ stability and activity. Moreover, lynronne-1D (LYN1D) and lynronne-3D (LYN3D) is synergistic with bedaquiline (BDQ), significantly reducing the bactericidal concentrations of LYN1D, LYN3D and BDQ. Transcriptome studies demonstrated that this synergy is associated with perturbation of multiple pathways, including negative transcriptional regulators, lipid transporters, arabinogalactan biosynthesis, and the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Furthermore, cellular morphology changes and ATP reduction suggested a synergistic model where the combination of LYNDs with BDQ simultaneously targets cell membrane lipids and energy production, resulting in the eradication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This synergistic combination of BDQ with D-enantiomers AMPs offers a novel TB treatment strategy, and a model for developing synergistic drug combinations to tackle other infectious diseases.
Effect of Selected Variables on Child Mortality in Ethiopia using 2019 EMNDHS: Application of Zero Inflated Negative Binomial Mixed Effect Regression Model
Authors: Asmare Adane , Addis Berhanie
Published: September 2024

. Approximately 6.3 million under 5 age of children were died in 2013. An estimate of 2.4 million child die before their first month of birth. Struggling for the lives of new-born children must be the global concern. Under five child mortality rates was decreased from 32% in 1990 to 18% in developed country but it was decreased with lower rates in developing countries especially in Sub Sharan African and southern Asian countries. maternal and household characteristics such as place of child residence in rural areas, poor wealth index of household and uneducated mothers had the higher risk deaths of under-five child mortality rate. The data source for this analysis was 2019 EMDHS data. To analyse the effects of selected variables on under five child mortality, zero inflated negative binomial mixed effect regression model were appropriate. Goodness of fit model were based on AIC value and smaller AIC values were good fitted model. In This investigation the variables age of mother, age of mother at 1st birth, mother’s education level, types of cooking fuel, number of living children and types of birth were statistically significant factor for non-zero death of under-five child mortality in Ethiopia.
SLITRK2 as a Prognostic and Immunological Biomarker in Gastric Cancer
Authors: zhu huiqiong , Xiong Hailin , Guo Xuli , Liao Haojie , Zhang Shuyi
Published: September 2024

Background
SLIT and NTRK-like protein 2 (SLITRK2) encodes a transmembrane protein that regulates neurite outgrowth and promote synaptogenesis. Some studies have demonstrated that SLITRK2 overexpressed in glioma. But the expression pattern, prognostic value, and immunologic function of SLITRK2 in tumors remains unknown.
Methods
The expression pattern of SLITRK2 among pan-cancers were examined through different databases, including the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx). We analyzed the SLITRK2 expression in different stages of cancers. The relationship between SLITRK2 expression and clinical outcomes was conducted by Kaplan-Meier method. Moreover, the correlations among SLITRK2 expression, immune cell infiltration, immunomodulatory related genes, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI) were evaluated as well. The relationship between SLITRK2 expression and crucial genes mutations was also illustrated. By using tissue multi-array (TMA), the expression of SLITRK2 in 89 paired gastric cancer tissues was investigated.
Results
Our study indicated that SLITRK2 expression varied across cancers. Elevated SLITRK2 expression was positively related to advanced tumor stage, poor overall survival(OS) and reduced disease-free survival (DFS). It also verified that SLITRK2 expression level was correlated with immune cell infiltration, expression of immunomodulators, TMB, MSI in certain cancer types. In stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), SLITRK2 expression and clinicopathological features revealed that high expressing level of SLITRK2 associated with poorer outcomes. Importantly, based on tissue TMA data, SLITRK2 expression level was positively associated with differentiation, lymph node metastasis, AJCC stage, TNM stage, and poor survival outcome in GC patients.
Conclusion
Our findings provided that SLITRK2 may function as a potential biomarker and oncogene in pan-cancer. In addition, SLITRK2 was correlated with immune cell infiltration in pan-cancer, providing a potential drug target, especially in STAD.
Assessment of the circular economy indicators in the EU Member States
Authors: Remeikiene Rita , Gaspareniene Ligita , Bankauskiene Justina
Published: September 2024

The circular economy principles are believed to contribute to waste reduction, pollution and climate change prevention, conservation of resources and security of their supply, and economic resilience. Therefore, it is extremely important not only to implement the principles of the circular economy, but also to properly assess their impact, so that stakeholders can make reasonable decisions and develop effective strategies to promote the green transition. Nevertheless, despite a wealth of literature to discuss the circular economy indicators, a comprehensive assessment method has not yet been developed. The research problem is formulated as a question: what indicators can be used to assess the level of the circular economy in national economies? The major purpose of the research is to empirically assess the level of the circular economy in the EU Member States. The research methods include literature analysis, systematisation and summarisation; secondary data analysis; weight estimation methods: the Entropy and expert evaluation; mutiple-criteria decision analysis: the PROMETHEE, SAW and TOPSIS methods.
Unstable Foveation Impairs Both Reading and Tracking: Insights and Implications for the Diagnosis and Intervention of Reading Difficulties
Authors: Chamani Niloufar , Schmid Michael Christoph , Rima Samy
Published: September 2024

Foveation, the ability to focus on a point for clear vision, is crucial for reading smoothly and tracking moving objects. Research shows that unstable foveation disrupts reading by causing more frequent eye movements. However, it's unclear if this also affects smooth tracking of moving targets in slow readers. This study therefore investigates the link between foveation during reading and the tracking moving targets, in a large group of participants displaying variable reading speeds. Our analysis shows that slower readers have more intrusive fixational eye movements characterized by greater spatial and temporal variability during reading. Additionally, these readers display less efficient tracking of moving targets. Interestingly, the frequency and spatial variability of catch-up saccades during object tracking correlates with fixational eye movement rates and spatial variability during reading. Our findings thus demonstrate that poor foveation stability in slow readers also affects other eye movement activities, such as during object tracking. We conclude with a discussion on shared neural mechanisms of foveal stabilization that may be altered under conditions of reading impairment. Better knowledge of these mechanisms could help the development of diagnostic tools and targeted interventions to improve reading and tracking for individuals with foveation limitations.
Spectral variability analysis Lupinus Mutabilis Sweet under nanofertilizers and chelates application through spectroscopy and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) multispectral images.
Authors: Sinde-González Izar , Murgueitio Erika , Falconí César , Docampo Mariluz Gil , Toulkeridis Theofilos
Published: September 2024

Lupine is an Andean legume that has gained importance in Ecuador due to its protein content in the grain. However, in recent times the production of this crop has been affected by inadequate nutritional management. In order to avoid such circumstances, the current study spectrally analyzed lupine cultivation by the effect of the application of nanofertilizers and Fe and Zn chelates, within two controlled trials, using a radiometer spectrum, an active crop sensor and a multispectral sensor mounted on a UAV. Vegetation indices were generated and statistically analyzed using an ANOVA and Tukey tests. In the field trial, the treatments lacked to indicate significant improvements, while in the greenhouse trial, the nanofertilizer treatments indicated better results compared to the control ones. Furthermore, the chelate treatment presented a certain degree of toxicity for the plant.
Suxiao jiuxin pill protects endothelial cells from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway
Authors: Fan Zhijuan , Tian Yaqiong , Liu Bojiang , Ning Meng , Wei Jin , Zeng Lingfang , zhao yue , Zhang Min
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Suxiao Jiuxin Pill (SX), a traditional Chinese medicine, has emerged as a promising herbal remedy with demonstrated efficacy in ameliorating cardiovascular pathology and improving clinical outcomes. Although SX exhibits significant antioxidant activities, the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Methods

We utilized a mouse endothelial cell line, C166, to investigate the role of SX in regulation of oxidative stress. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was employed to induce cell apoptosis. Cells were sequentially treated with SX, specific inhibitors, and H2O2. RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses were performed to evaluate changes at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively.

Results

SX demonstrated protective effects against H2O2-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells (ECs). Both the mRNA and protein levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increased in response to SX treatment. Importantly, the protective role of SX in ECs was abolished by the HO-1 inhibitor Zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP). Treatment with actinomycin D and cycloheximide revealed that SX upregulated HO-1 expression via de novo synthesis, and Nrf2 was verified as the main mediator. Furthermore, degradation of Nrf2 by its specific inhibitor, brusatol, reversed the protective effects of SX on ECs under oxidative stress.

Conclusion

SX plays a crucial role in protecting ECs from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis through activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. The protective effect of SX is dependent on HO-1 function, and inhibition of either Nrf2 or HO-1 effectively blocks the protective effect of SX.
Design and motion simulation analysis of tuna sorting device control system
Authors: SHEN Yingyi , LI Zhenhua , LI Xinyang
Published: September 2024

In this paper, first of all, the use of SOLIDWORKS software for tuna sorting device for the preliminary three-dimensional design, the use of four suspended load cells for tuna weighing work, the choice of Siemens S7-200 smart series of PLC tuna sorting device system control, and through EDEM simulation simulate tuna in the sorting device on the transmission movement, with the amount of fish, conveyor belt speed, partition angle as the test factors for the sorting efficiency based on Box-Behnken design response surface test, select the range of the amount of fish for the 0.5 ~ 1.5 / s, the range of conveyor belt speed for the 0.2 ~ 0.5m / s, the rotation angle of the partition for the 15 ~ 45 °, through the orthogonal experiments ANOVA as well as response surface analysis to conclude that The efficiency can reach more than 95 percent at this time, when the fish feeding volume is 0.5 fish/s, the conveyor belt speed is 0.5m/s, and the spacer rotation angle is 41°. Additionally, A force analysis of the device's sorting mechanism revealed that a 0.6 m partition would optimize tuna sorting efficiency.