bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A landscape-scale field survey demonstrates the role of wheat volunteers as a local and diversified source of leaf rust inoculum
Authors: Boixel A.-L. , Goyeau H. , Berder J. , Moinard J. , Suffert F. , Soubeyrand S. , Sache I. , Vidal T.
Published: November 2023

Deploying disease-resistant cultivars is one of the most effective control strategies to manage crop diseases such as wheat leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina. After harvest, this biotrophic fungal pathogen can survive on wheat volunteers present at landscape scale and constitute a local source of primary inoculum for the next cropping season. In this study, we characterised the diversity of P. triticina populations surveyed on wheat volunteer seedlings for six consecutive years (2007–2012) at the landscape scale. A total of 642 leaf rust samples classified in 52 virulence profiles (pathotypes) were collected within a fixed 5-km radius. The pathotype composition (identity and abundance) of field-collected populations was analyzed according to the distance between the surveyed wheat plots and to the cultivars of origin of isolates. Our study emphasised the high diversity of P. triticina populations on wheat volunteers at the landscape scale. We observed an impact of cultivar of origin on pathogen population composition. Levels of population diversity differed between cultivars and their deployment in the study area. Our results suggest that wheat volunteers could provide a significant though highly variable contribution to the composition of primary inoculum and subsequent initiation of leaf rust epidemics.
Glass/steel/clay interactions in a simulated radioactive waste geological disposal system
Authors: Tolnai I. , Osan J. , Czompoly O. , Sulyok A. , Fabian M.
Published: November 2023

Deep geological storage is the accepted solution for the final disposal of high-level radioactive waste therefore, it is necessary to study the host rock of the planned Hungarian waste repository and the materials involved in the engineered barriers. The main goal was to understand the characteristics and stability of the glass/steel/claystone system, from the structural properties of the vitrified waste (borosilicate glasses) to the clay response in the repository. Repository conditions were applied during the experiments to understand the chemical evolution of the system. A triplicate setup was kept at 80 °C for 3, 7 and 12 months and post-mortem characterization was performed. No alteration products were observed with scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements on the surface of the glass and Fe or in the clay after the end of the experimental period. Based on the elemental analysis of the liquid phase, the released amount of B, K, Si and Na increased, while that of Ca and Mg decreased compared to the baseline. The concentrations of Cl− and SO42− did not change significantly. Ca- and Mg-silicate precipitation was observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at the surface range of the borosilicate glasses because of the synthetic porewater treatment.
A novel tailed primer nucleic acid test for detection of HPV 16, 18 and 45 DNA at the point of care
Authors: Chang Megan M. , Ma Ariel , Novak Emilie Newsham , Barra Maria , Kundrod Kathryn A. , Montealegre Jane Richards , Scheurer Michael E. , Castle Philip E. , Schmeler Kathleen , Richards-Kortum Rebecca
Published: November 2023

Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death for women in low-resource settings despite being preventable through human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, early detection, and treatment of precancerous lesions. The World Health Organization recommends high-risk HPV (hrHPV) as the preferred cervical cancer screening strategy, which is difficult to implement in low-resource settings due to high costs, reliance on centralized laboratory infrastructure, and long sample-to-answer times. To help meet the need for rapid, low-cost, and decentralized cervical cancer screening, we developed tailed primer isothermal amplification and lateral flow detection assays for HPV16, HPV18, and HPV45 DNA. We translated these assays into a self-contained cartridge to achieve multiplexed detection of three hrHPV genotypes in a disposable cartridge. The developed test achieves clinically relevant limits of detection of 50–500 copies per reaction with extracted genomic DNA from HPV-positive cells. Finally, we performed sample-to-answer testing with direct lysates of HPV-negative and HPV-positive cell lines and demonstrated consistent detection of HPV16, HPV18, and HPV45 with 5000–50,000 cells/mL in < 35 min. With additional optimization to improve cartridge reliability, incorporation of additional hrHPV types, and validation with clinical samples, the assay could serve as a point-of-care HPV DNA test that improves access to cervical cancer screening in low-resource settings.
Paleoenvironments of Late Devonian tetrapods in China
Authors: Guo Xuelian , Retallack Gregory J. , Liu Jinhao
Published: November 2023

The major evolutionary transition from fish to amphibian included Late Devonian tetrapods that were neither fish nor amphibian. They had thick necks and small limbs with many digits on elongate flexuous bodies more suitable for water than land. Habitats of Devonian tetrapods are of interest in assessing selective pressures on their later evolution for land within three proposed habitats: 1, tidal flats, 2, desert ponds, and 3, woodland streams. Here we assess paleoenvironments of the Late Devonian tetrapod Sinostega from paleosols in Shixiagou Canyon near Zhongning, Ningxia, China. Fossil tetrapods, fish, molluscs, and plants of the Zhongning Formation are associated with different kinds of paleosols, representing early successional vegetation, seasonal wetlands, desert shrublands, and riparian woodlands, and paleoclimates ranging from semiarid moderately seasonal to monsoonal subhumid. The tetrapod Sinostega was found in a paleochannel of a meandering stream below a deep-calcic paleosol supporting well drained progymnosperm woodland in a monsoonal subhumid paleoclimate. This habitat is similar to that of the tetrapods Densignathus, Hynerpeton, and an indeterminate watcheeriid from Pennsylvania, USA. Chinese and Pennsylvanian Late Devonian tetrapods lived in productive woodland streams, choked with woody debris as a refuge from large predators. Habitats of other Devonian tetrapods have yet to be assessed from studies of associated paleosols as evidence for their ancient climate and vegetation.
Preclinical evidence for the effective use of TL-895, a highly selective and potent second-generation BTK inhibitor, for the treatment of B-cell malignancies
Authors: Goodstal Samantha M. , Lin Jing , Crandall Timothy , Crowley Lindsey , Bender Andrew T. , Pereira Albertina , Soloviev Maria , Wesolowski John S. , Iadevaia Riham , Schelhorn Sven-Eric , Ross Edith , Morandi Federica , Ma Jianguo , Clark Anderson
Published: November 2023

TL-895 (formerly known as M7583) is a potent, highly selective, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-competitive, second-generation, irreversible inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK). We characterized its biochemical and cellular effects in in vitro and in vivo models. TL-895 was evaluated preclinically for potency against BTK using IC50 concentration–response curves; selectivity using a 270-kinase panel; BTK phosphorylation in Ramos Burkitt’s lymphoma cells by ProteinSimple Wes analysis of one study; anti-proliferative effects in primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) blasts; cell viability effects in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) cell lines; effects on antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) from Daudi cells and chromium-51 release from human tumor cell lines; and efficacy in vivo using four MCL xenograft model and 21 DLBCL patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models (subtypes: 9 ABC, 11 GCB, 1 Unclassified). TL-895 was active against recombinant BTK (average IC50 1.5 nM) and inhibited only three additional kinases with IC50 within tenfold of BTK activity. TL-895 inhibited BTK auto-phosphorylation at the Y223 phosphorylation site (IC50 1–10 nM). TL-895 inhibited the proliferation of primary CLL blasts in vitro and inhibited growth in a subset of activated DLBCL and MCL cell lines. TL-895 inhibited the ADCC mechanism of therapeutic antibodies only at supra-clinical exposure levels. TL-895 significantly inhibited tumor growth in the Mino MCL xenograft model and in 5/21 DLBCL PDX models relative to vehicle controls. These findings demonstrate the potency of TL-895 for BTK and its efficacy in models of B-cell lymphoma despite its refined selectivity.
Pupil dilation response elicited by violations of auditory regularities is a promising but challenging approach to probe consciousness at the bedside
Authors: Sangare Aude , Quirins Marion , Marois Clémence , Valente Mélanie , Weiss Nicolas , Perez Pauline , Ben Salah Amina , Munoz-Musat Esteban , Demeret Sophie , Rohaut Benjamin , Sitt Jacobo D. , Eymond Cecile , Naccache Lionel
Published: November 2023

Pupil dilation response (PDR) has been proposed as a physiological marker of conscious access to a stimulus or its attributes, such as novelty. In a previous study on healthy volunteers, we adapted the auditory “local global” paradigm and showed that violations of global regularity elicited a PDR. Notably without instructions, this global effect was present only in participants who could consciously report violations of global regularities. In the present study, we used a similar approach in 24 non-communicating patients affected with a Disorder of Consciousness (DoC) and compared PDR to ERPs regarding diagnostic and prognostic performance. At the group level, global effect could not be detected in DoC patients. At the individual level, the only patient with a PDR global effect was in a MCS and recovered consciousness at 6 months. Contrasting the most regular trials to the most irregular ones improved PDR’s diagnostic and prognostic power in DoC patients. Pupillometry is a promising tool but requires several methodological improvements to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio and make it more robust for probing consciousness and cognition in DoC patients.
Behaviourally-informed household communications increase uptake of radon tests in a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Timmons Shane , Lunn Peter D.
Published: November 2023

Exposure to radon gas is a leading cause of lung cancer. Testing homes for the gas is straightforward, yet most people do not undertake tests even when offered freely. We report a pre-registered randomised controlled trial of communications to encourage test uptake. Households (N = 3500) in areas at high risk of radon exposure were randomly assigned to receive (i) a the control letter from the national Environmental Protection Agency; (ii) a behaviourally-informed version of the control letter that incorporated multiple nudges, including reciprocity messages and numeric frequencies of risk; (iii) this same behaviourally-informed letter in a re-designed envelope; (iv) the behaviourally-informed letter in the re-designed enveloped with a radon risk map of the household’s county. The behaviourally-informed letter led to a large increase in test uptake, from 22% in the control condition to 33% (a 50% increase). There was no additional benefit of the re-designed envelope, which generated uptake of 30%. Including the map led some households to respond faster, but the overall uptake (26%) was weaker. The results have implications for public health communications with households and show the potential for techniques from behavioural science to help mitigate environmental risks.
Design and analysis of a new type of mobile ice cooling equipment for deep mine
Authors: Zhao Xingdong , Zhao Siyu , Li Ang
Published: November 2023

In the background environment of the serious problem of high temperature heat damage in deep mining, some mines have complex and interlocking forms of roadway arrangement, with the innovative concept of cooling on demand as the principle, this paper develops a mobile ice cooling equipment, and introduces and explains the equipment from the perspective of principle, composition and dimensions. and uses Comsol simulation software to simulate and analyze the main heat exchange process of the mobile ice cooling equipment under the conditions of two cooling sources, obtains quantitative results on the finned tube arrangement parameters and the heat exchange cooling effect of the equipment under ideal conditions, which provides data for the optimization and upgrading of this mobile ice cooling equipment. The results show that the mobile cooling equipment is capable of feeding the desired temperature of the cooling air into deep mine, and with flexible, convenient, efficient, and cost effective. This research and development is a new exploration of deep ventilation and cooling technology and equipment means, puts forward a new concept, accumulates valuable experience, and lays the foundation for the subsequent related research and optimization.
Natural language processing system for rapid detection and intervention of mental health crisis chat messages
Authors: Swaminathan Akshay , López Iván , Mar Rafael Antonio Garcia , Heist Tyler , McClintock Tom , Caoili Kaitlin , Grace Madeline , Rubashkin Matthew , Boggs Michael N. , Chen Jonathan H. , Gevaert Olivier , Mou David , Nock Matthew K.
Published: November 2023

Patients experiencing mental health crises often seek help through messaging-based platforms, but may face long wait times due to limited message triage capacity. Here we build and deploy a machine-learning-enabled system to improve response times to crisis messages in a large, national telehealth provider network. We train a two-stage natural language processing (NLP) system with key word filtering followed by logistic regression on 721 electronic medical record chat messages, of which 32% are potential crises (suicidal/homicidal ideation, domestic violence, or non-suicidal self-injury). Model performance is evaluated on a retrospective test set (4/1/21–4/1/22, N = 481) and a prospective test set (10/1/22–10/31/22, N = 102,471). In the retrospective test set, the model has an AUC of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.78–0.86), sensitivity of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.96–1.00), and PPV of 0.35 (95% CI: 0.309–0.4). In the prospective test set, the model has an AUC of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.966–0.984), sensitivity of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96–0.99), and PPV of 0.66 (95% CI: 0.626–0.692). The daily median time from message receipt to crisis specialist triage ranges from 8 to 13 min, compared to 9 h before the deployment of the system. We demonstrate that a NLP-based machine learning model can reliably identify potential crisis chat messages in a telehealth setting. Our system integrates into existing clinical workflows, suggesting that with appropriate training, humans can successfully leverage ML systems to facilitate triage of crisis messages.
Diselenide-bond replacement of the external disulfide bond of insulin increases its oligomerization leading to sustained activity
Authors: Arai Kenta , Okumura Masaki , Lee Young-Ho , Katayama Hidekazu , Mizutani Kenji , Lin Yuxi , Park Sam-Yong , Sawada Kaichiro , Toyoda Masao , Hojo Hironobu , Inaba Kenji , Iwaoka Michio
Published: November 2023

Seleno-insulin, a class of artificial insulin analogs, in which one of the three disulfide-bonds (S-S’s) of wild-type insulin (Ins) is replaced by a diselenide-bond (Se-Se), is attracting attention for its unique chemical and physiological properties that differ from those of Ins. Previously, we pioneered the development of a [C7UA,C7UB] analog of bovine pancreatic insulin (SeIns) as the first example, and demonstrated its high resistance against insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE). In this study, the conditions for the synthesis of SeIns via native chain assembly (NCA) were optimized to attain a maximum yield of 72%, which is comparable to the in vitro folding efficiency for single-chain proinsulin. When the resistance of BPIns to IDE was evaluated in the presence of SeIns, the degradation rate of BPIns became significantly slower than that of BPIns alone. Furthermore, the investigation on the intermolecular association properties of SeIns and BPIns using analytical ultracentrifugation suggested that SeIns readily forms oligomers not only with its own but also with BPIns. The hypoglycemic effect of SeIns on diabetic rats was observed at a dose of 150 μg/300 g rat. The strategy of replacing the solvent-exposed S-S with Se-Se provides new guidance for the design of long-acting insulin formulations.
A 50-year cycle of sea surface temperature regulates decadal precipitation in the tropical and South Atlantic region
Authors: Gorenstein Iuri , Wainer Ilana , Pausata Francesco S. R. , Prado Luciana F. , Khodri Myriam , Dias Pedro L. Silva
Published: November 2023

Northeast Brazil and Western Africa are two regions geographically separated by the Atlantic Ocean, both home to vulnerable populations living in semi-arid areas. Atlantic Ocean modes of variability and their interactions with the atmosphere are the main drivers of decadal precipitation in these Atlantic Ocean coastal areas. How these low-frequency modes of variability evolve and interact with each other is key to understanding and predicting decadal precipitation. Here we use the Self-Organizing Maps neural network with different variables to unravel causality between the Atlantic modes of variability and their interactions with the atmosphere. Our study finds an 82% (p<0.05) anti-correlation between decadal rainfall in Northeast Brazil and Western Africa from 1979 to 2005. We also find three multi-decadal cycles: 1870-1920, 1920-1970, and 1970-2019 (satellite era), pointing to a 50-year periodicity governing the sea surface temperature anomalies of Tropical and South Atlantic. Our results demonstrate how Northeast Brazil and Western Africa rainfall anti-correlation was formed in the satellite era and how it might be part of a 50-year cycle from the Tropical and South Atlantic decadal variability.
A tailored polyoxometalate-derived RuW/g-C3N4-based electrocatalyst for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Pathan Soyeb , Ankitha Menon , Mohan Ajith Arjun , Shabana Neermunda , Tong Yongfeng , Rasheed P. Abdul
Published: November 2023

As a next-generation electrocatalytic material, Ru–W nanocluster-modified g-C3N4 was synthesized using a straightforward monomer-complexation route from Ru-substituted phosphotungstate, for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction.
α/β-Stereo- and diastereoselective glycosylation with n-pentenyl glycoside donors, promoted by N-iodosuccinimide and catalyzed by chiral Brønsted acid
Authors: Aswathy Maniyamma , N. K. Mohammed Sadik , Harikrishnan Purushothaman C. , Parameswaran Sasikumar , Radhakrishnan Kokkuvayil Vasu , Lankalapalli Ravi S.
Published: November 2023

A new chiral Brønsted acid catalyst, the (+)-isomenthol ester of pentacarbomethoxycyclopentadiene, combined with N-iodosuccinimide promote stereo- and diastereoselective glycosylation with n-pentenyl glycoside donors.
New polymorphic phase of arachidic acid crystal: structure, intermolecular interactions, low-temperature stability and Raman spectroscopy combined with DFT calculations
Authors: Cardoso Luanny M. B. , de Oliveira Neto João G. , Saraiva Gilberto D. , Leite Fábio F. , Ayala Alejandro P. , dos Santos Adenilson O. , de Sousa Francisco F.
Published: November 2023

A new polymorphic phase of arachidic acid crystal, and its structure, intermolecular interactions, and vibrational properties.
The iron group transition-metal (Fe, Ru, Os) coordination of Se-doped graphitic carbon (Se@g-C3N4) nanostructures for the smart therapeutic delivery of zidovudine (ZVD) as an antiretroviral drug: a theoretical calculation perspective
Authors: Nelson Favour A. , Louis Hitler , Benjamin Innocent , A. Timothy Rawlings
Published: November 2023

This study employed DFT computational techniques at the ωB97XD/def2svp level of theory to explore the electronic behavior of Fe-group transition metal (Fe, Ru, Os) coordination of Se-doped graphitic carbon (Se@g-C3N4) nanosystems in the smart delivery of zidovudine (ZVD), an antiretroviral drug.
Vertically-grown Ag nanoplates on SeZnO3 nanosheets for an enhanced pressure sensing performance
Authors: Wang Zeyi , Li Yuping , Zhang Jian , Huang Xiao
Published: November 2023

A pressure sensor based on Ag/SeZnO3 nanocomposites exhibits a significantly enhanced pressure sensitivity, which is attributed to an increased dielectric constant and an effective electron transfer between Ag and SnZnO3.
Hydrodeoxygenation of isoeugenol in continuous mode using bifunctional Pt-Beta 25-binder catalysts for renewable jet fuel production
Authors: Martínez-Klimov Mark E. , Yevdokimova Olha , Mäki-Arvela Päivi , Cueto Jennifer , Shcherban Nataliya , Vajglová Zuzana , Eränen Kari , Murzin Dmitry Yu.
Published: November 2023

Hydrodeoxygenation of isoeugenol in a trickle-bed reactor yielded propylcyclohexane, a jet fuel compound. The effect of metal location, acidity, and particle size were evaluated for platinum-based extruded catalysts (Pt, Beta-25, binder).
Thiol–ene chemistry incorporates a new spiropyran-containing polyurethane ionogel with photochromic, photomechanical and photoconductive properties
Authors: Chen Guoneng , Lin Riyan , Lei Yanshi , Cai Peng , Huang Yifu , Zhang Hefeng
Published: November 2023

A new spiropyran-containing ionogel with photochromic, photomechanical and photoconductive properties is prepared through thiol–ene chemistry.
Thiol–yne click chemistry on carbon nanotubes for mediated bioelectrocatalytic glucose oxidation
Authors: Brachi Monica , Giroud Fabien , Cosnier Serge , Le Goff Alan
Published: November 2023

Thiol–yne «Click» reaction at functionalized carbon nanotubes enables mediated electroenzymatic glucose oxidation.
Breathable, transparent, waterproof, flexible and high-output triboelectric nanogenerators for sport monitoring and speech recognition
Authors: Zheng Tong , Li Guizhong , Zhang Linnan , Lei Yong
Published: November 2023

Approach of cost-effective is proposed to fabricate NC-based tribo-positive layer. The TENG property improved by 450% with better wearing experience. Quantification of the relationship between electrode properties and triboelectric performance.
A porous dome array evaporator for high-performance photothermal water evaporation and thermoelectric power generation
Authors: Nie Boli , Zhang Weiwei , Dou Xiangyu , Meng Yanming , Zhao Xi , Wu Yan-Chao , Li Hui-Jing
Published: November 2023

The synergistic coupling of solar-steam and solar-electricity technologies can achieve a high evaporation of 3.43 kg m−2 h−1 and an output power of 0.48 W m−2, providing hope for people in developing regions to cope with freshwater and shortages.
Integrated 3D modeling unravels the measures to mitigate nickel migration in solid oxide fuel/electrolysis cells
Authors: Jiao Zhenjun , Su Yunpeng , Yang Wenyue , Zhou Jianli , Zhang Jin , Tong Xiaofeng , Shang Yijing , Chen Ming
Published: November 2023

Numerical modeling plays an important role in understanding the multi-physics coupling in solid oxide fuel/electrolysis cells (SOFCs/SOECs) operated at elevated temperatures.
Structure–activity relationship of drug conjugated polymeric materials against uropathogenic bacteria colonization under in vitro and in vivo settings
Authors: Sarkar Sourav , Moitra Parikshit , Bhattacharya Santanu
Published: November 2023

Schematic representation of the drug conjugated polyethyleneimine and its application in inhibiting the bacterial biofilm formation on inanimate surfaces as well as on mouse skin abrasion model.
Improving Monte Carlo radiative transfer in the regime of high optical depths: The minimum scattering order
Authors: Krieger A. , Wolf S.
Published: November 2023

Radiative transfer simulations are a powerful tool that enables the calculation of synthetic images of a wide range of astrophysical objects. These simulations are often based on the Monte Carlo method, as it provides the needed versatility that allows the consideration of the diverse and often complex conditions found in those objects. However, this method faces fundamental problems in the regime of high optical depths which may result in overly noisy images and severely underestimated flux values. In this study, we propose an advanced Monte Carlo radiative transfer method, namely, an enforced minimum scattering order that is aimed at providing a minimum quality of determined flux estimates. For that purpose, we extended our investigations of the scattering order problem and derived an analytic expression for the minimum number of interactions that depends on the albedo and optical depth of the system, which needs to be considered during a simulation to achieve a certain coverage of the scattering order distribution. The method is based on the utilization of this estimated minimum scattering order and enforces the consideration of a sufficient number of interactions during a Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulation. Moreover, we identified two notably distinct cases that shape the kind of complexity that arises in such simulations: the albedo-dominated case and the optical depth-dominated case. Based on that, we analyzed the implications related to the best usage of a stretching method as a means to alleviate the scattering order problem. We find that its most suitable application requires taking into account the value of the albedo as well as the optical depth. Furthermore, we argue that the derived minimum scattering order can be used to assess the performance of a stretching method with regard to the scattering orders its usage promotes. Finally, we stress the need for developing advanced pathfinding techniques to fully solve the problem of Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations in the regime of high optical depths.
Bradypus tridactylus – „Eigentlich kann ich nicht
schneller“
Authors: Kellinghaus Heinz
Published: November 2023

Der Fall einer 70-jährigen Patientin mit langjähriger, lokal
nicht erfolgreich zu behandelnder Psoriasis wird geschildert. Das Heilmittel
Bradypus tridactylus war bisher nicht geprüft worden. Es wurde gefunden
durch Verstehen der Sprache des Körpers, der Psychosomatik und mithilfe
der Intuition.
The use of dietary supplements and vitamin consumption during and after the Covid pandemic in Vietnam: a perspective of user-generated content
Authors: Ha Minh-Tri , Nguyen Giang-Do , Nguyen Thi Huong-Thanh , Thi Nguyen Bich-Duyen
Published: November 2023

This paper aims to examine the key determinants of User-Generated Content (UGC) affecting consumers’ purchase intention toward buying vitamin and dietary supplement products during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak through the social networking site, Facebook. Five determinants of UGC have been investigated in this context to highlight the association with the purchase intention of Vietnamese consumers these days, including Quality, Quantity, Trust, Utilitarian Value, and Hedonic Value of generated content by experienced users. This cross-sectional study collected data through an online survey questionnaire among 331 respondents from three different regions throughout the whole of Vietnam. The results show that Quality, Quantity, Trust, and Utilitarian Value of UGC have positive relationships with consumers’ intention to buy vitamin and dietary supplement products on Facebook during the COVID-19 pandemic, while the Hedonic Value of UGC is not associated with their behavioral intention of consumption. Lastly, the findings are expected to contribute valuable knowledge about COVID-19 from UGC and its consequences on health and selected supplement products for recent emerging changes. Finally, the results are also a solid premise for future research to enlarge the scale of situational issues and perspectives during the global COVID-19 pandemic.
Parametric information about eye movements is sent to the ears
Authors: Lovich Stephanie N. , King Cynthia D. , Murphy David L. K. , Landrum Rachel E. , Shera Christopher A. , Groh Jennifer M.
Published: November 2023

Eye movements alter the relationship between the visual and auditory spatial scenes. Signals related to eye movements affect neural pathways from the ear through auditory cortex and beyond, but how these signals contribute to computing the locations of sounds with respect to the visual scene is poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the information contained in eye movement-related eardrum oscillations (EMREOs), pressure changes recorded in the ear canal that occur in conjunction with simultaneous eye movements. We show that EMREOs contain parametric information about horizontal and vertical eye displacement as well as initial/final eye position with respect to the head. The parametric information in the horizontal and vertical directions can be modeled as combining linearly, allowing accurate prediction of the EMREOs associated with oblique (diagonal) eye movements. Target location can also be inferred from the EMREO signals recorded during eye movements to those targets. We hypothesize that the (currently unknown) mechanism underlying EMREOs could impose a two-dimensional eye-movement-related transfer function on any incoming sound, permitting subsequent processing stages to compute the positions of sounds in relation to the visual scene.
Propuesta metodológica para determinar el núcleo semántico de los gestos emblemáticos
Authors: Belío-Apaolaza Helena S.
Published: November 2023

En la configuración de los gestos emblemáticos o emblemas intervienen cuatro elementos: la forma, el significado, el uso y las unidades léxicas asociadas. Estos elementos se relacionan intrínseca y dependientemente en la comunicación, pero no de manera unívoca: para un mismo gesto pueden aparecer diferentes exponentes verbales que comparten el mismo significado. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar una metodología que establezca el núcleo semántico de estos gestos, de manera que pueda utilizarse como denominación homogénea y sistemática a la hora de referirnos a ellos en investigaciones, repertorios y diccionarios kinésicos. Para ello, se proponen una nómina de criterios no excluyentes y se lleva a cabo la propuesta para encontrar el núcleo semántico de 25 emblemas del español de España. Específicamente, se considera la relación icónica entre el significado y la forma de cada gesto, se elabora una prueba de reconocimiento y denominación con hablantes nativos, se examinan diez inventarios gestuales y se analiza la presencia y marca lingüística de las diferentes unidades léxicas asociadas a cada emblema en cinco diccionarios de la lengua española. A partir de los anteriores, se propone una denominación para cada uno de los 25 gestos analizados.
Sirtuin3 ensures the metabolic plasticity of neurotransmission during glucose deprivation
Authors: Tiwari Anupama , Hashemiaghdam Arsalan , Laramie Marissa A. , Maschi Dario , Haddad Tristaan , Stunault Marion I. , Bergom Carmen , Javaheri Ali , Klyachko Vitaly , Ashrafi Ghazaleh
Published: November 2023

Neurotransmission is an energetically expensive process that underlies cognition. During intense electrical activity or dietary restrictions, the glucose level in the brain plummets, forcing neurons to utilize alternative fuels. However, the molecular mechanisms of neuronal metabolic plasticity remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that glucose-deprived neurons activate the CREB and PGC1α transcriptional program, which induces expression of the mitochondrial deacetylase Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) both in vitro and in vivo. We show that Sirt3 localizes to axonal mitochondria and stimulates mitochondrial oxidative capacity in hippocampal nerve terminals. Sirt3 plays an essential role in sustaining synaptic transmission in the absence of glucose by providing metabolic support for the retrieval of synaptic vesicles after release. These results demonstrate that the transcriptional induction of Sirt3 facilitates the metabolic plasticity of synaptic transmission.
Experimental study of the influences of surface roughness and thermal interface material on the performance of a thermoelectric generator
Authors: Fu Qiang , Wang Haitao , Li Ding , Liang Weiyu
Published: November 2023

Reducing surface roughness and using thermal interface materials (TIMs) at the interfaces between a thermoelectric generator (TEG), heat source, and heat sink are effective strategies for decreasing the thermal contact resistance (TCR) and enhancing the TEG performance. To evaluate the influences of parameters such as the surface roughness, the thermal conductivity of TIM and loading pressure, we conducted experiments to measure the open-circuit voltage and output power of the TEG under various installation conditions. We also analysed the changes in TCR and temperature difference across the TEG module. The experimental findings were validated with numerical simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics under specific conditions. Our results revealed that reducing surface roughness and using TIM could substantially reduce the TCR, increase the temperature difference across the TEG, and increase the output power from the TEG. In our experiments, we used a temperature controller, cartridge heaters and thermocouples to regulate and record the temperatures of the heat source and heat sink. When maintaining a temperature difference of 53 K between the heat source and heat sink, and loading pressure set at 0.2 MPa, without using TIM, as the surface roughness decreased from 2.2 μm to 0.37 μm and to 0.03 μm, leading to a reduction in the TCR from 0.22 K W−1 to 0.17 K W−1 and to 0.13 K/W. Simultaneously, the open-circuit voltage increased from 1.32 V to 1.65 V and to 1.86 V, and the maximum output power increased from 0.26 W to 0.44 W and to 0.58 W. Additionally, when the surface roughness was 0.37 μm, after using TIM with thermal conductivity of 1 W/m-K, 2 W m−1-K−1, and 5 W m−1-K−1, the open-circuit voltage reached 1.44 V, 1.74 V and 1.94 V, respectively, and the maximum power reached 0.31 W, 0.51 W and 0.65 W, respectively.
Accretion around a hairy black hole in the framework of gravitational decoupling theory
Authors: Rehman H. , Abbas G.
Published: November 2023

We investigate astrophysical accretion onto a static and spherically symmetric hairy black hole within the framework of gravitational decoupling. To achieve this goal, we examine the accretion procedure for several types of perfect fluids, including polytropic fluid and ultra-stiff, ultra-relativistic, radiation, and sub-relativistic isothermal fluids. Moreover, we determine the critical or sonic points for numerous fluid forms that are accreting onto the black hole by utilizing the Hamiltonian dynamical approach. Additionally, the closed form of the solutions are presented for a number of fluids, which are represented in phase diagram curves. We estimate the mass accretion rate of a static and spherically symmetric hairy black hole within the framework of gravitational decoupling. These findings are helpful in constraining the parameters of black holes while physical matter accretes onto the black holes.
Temporal Variation of Land Use in Fadak Project, Najaf Governorate - Iraq using some Spectral Index
Authors: Mahdi Nabeel Ammar , Ali Ayad Kadhim
Published: November 2023

A project called Fadak farm in Najaf province was selected to study and analyze the variations in land covers for agricultural projects in central Iraq using geospatial technologies. Three US Landsat satellite sensors, 5, 8, and 9, were chosen for the years 1989, 2013, and 2022. The satellite images were optically and digitally processed, radiometrically and spatially enhanced Two indices were used. to determine the variations in the three selected years: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI). The spatial data were classified using ArcGIS Pro software, and the results showed spatial and temporal changes in the values of the indices used in the study area, reflecting changes in land covers. The percentage of variation in these indices was also determined between each year. The results indicated that barren lands were the most prevalent cover, occupying 63.75% (1585.86 hectares) of the study area. The second category in terms of area was non-cultivated agricultural lands, with an area of 610.91 hectares (24.56%) of the study area. The third category was areas affected by salinity, with an area of 86.95 hectares (3.50%) of the study area. Finally, the smallest category was vegetation cover with an area of 203.97 hectares (8.20%) of the study area. The results indicate that barren lands and non-cultivated agricultural lands dominate the study area.
Beneficial Effects of Adding a Mixture of Medicinal Herbs to Quail Diet on some Physiological and Biochemical Blood Parameters
Authors: Al-Tawash Ali Sami Amin , Lattif Fallah Hassan Abdel , Ibrahim Ali Abd Al-Jabbar , Mardenli Omar
Published: November 2023

This study was conducted in the poultry field of the Department of Animal production / College of Agriculture / University of Al-Qadisiyah to know the effect of using a mixture of herbs (licorice, thyme, turmeric and red pepper) on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of quail. 120 quail were used in this study. Which were randomly distributed in four treatments (2 replicates for each treatment, 15 birds for each replicate). The mixture of herbs was added to the diet in equal proportions and with different concentrations.(T1) A mixture of medicinal herbs was used at 2% of the ration (T2) A mixture of medicinal herbs was used at 4% of the ration (T3) A mixture of medicinal herbs was used at 6% of the ration (CONTROL), The mixture of medicinal herbs was used with a percentage of 0% of the feed. Feed and water were provided freely to the birds throughout the experiment period.The effect of a mixture of herbs (licorice, thyme, turmeric and red pepper) on some physiological characteristics such as the number of red cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC), types of white blood cells, the packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and biochemical traits such as glucose, total protein and cholesterol concentration was studied. The results indicated that there were no significant differences between the experimental treatments (medical herbal mixture) compared with the control treatment in both eosinophil and basophil white blood cells, as well as the percentage of total protein. A significant increase (p<0.05) in (red blood cell count(RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin percentage(Hb), white blood cell count(WBC), and white lymphocyte count, in the experimental treatments (medical herbal mixture) compared with the control treatment. There was a significant decrease in both glucose and cholesterol concentration in the experimental treatments (medical herbal mixture) compared with the control treatment. From this study we conclude that the use of the medical herbal mixture led to the improvement of some of the studied traits.
Replacing Formalin with Alcohol and its Effect on Preserved Fish Specimens
Authors: Ghazwan Muhammad I.
Published: November 2023

This study aims to formulate an alternative solution for Formalin for preserving fish as study specimens for long periods. The main reason for finding a solution instead of formalin is to get rid of the negative effects of this solution on those who work with it, as well as to better preserve the bodies of fish. Hence, three new solutions were proposed to replace formalin. Thus, Formalin, in turn, may enter the composition of a small part of these solutions to give better results and for long periods of keeping specimens. All solutions prepared in this study participated in being acidic as in formalin. Two solutions succeeded in compensating for the use of formalin in preserving fish bodies for a period of six months, with a lesser effect on some of the studied biometrics of fish kept in these two solutions.
The Effect of Planting Dates and Spraying with Boron and Sulfur on Raising the Yield Efficiency of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Abd Ali Mohamed , Huwaidi Mudhir Ismail
Published: November 2023

A field experiment was carried out during the spring period of the agricultural season 2022 AD at a research station of the Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture - University of Tikrit in Salah al-Din Governorate, located at longitude 43.679 degrees east and latitude 34.616 degrees north of the equator in gypsum soil, in order to know the effect of different planting dates. With three datesThe first date (15/3), the second date (5/4), and the third date (25/4). And add boron and sulfur before flowering by spraying on the plant (boron 50 mg L in the form of boric acid, sulfur 25 mg L in the form of liquid sulfate, boron + sulfur). Its effect on the number of ears, the number of ear beans, the number of its rows, the weight of 300 seeds, the biological yield, the total grain yield, the protein percentage and the ash percentage of the yellow corn cultivar (Sara), using the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, as each experimental unit included four lines and the length of the line was 3 m and the distance between lineAnd the last 0.75 cm, and between one plant and another 20 cm, and to study the characteristics of growth, yield, its components, and quality characteristics. The first date was superior in all the studied traits except for the following traits: the number of earwigs and the percentage of ash, and there were no significant differences. We conclude from the fertilizer additions the superiority of the addition (sulfur and boron), and it gave the highest averages in the characteristics of the number of ears, the number of ear seeds, the number of rows, the weight of 300 seeds, the biological yield, and the total grain yield, as it reached 1.68 ears, 441.33 ears, 15.00 ear rows, 69.94 g, and 7.94 ton e and 12.69 ton e respectively, outperformingThe addition of boron as a percentage of protein is 11.93% and the percentage of ash is 1.27%. The combination (planting dates + fertilizer additions (first date × sulfur and boron) gave the highest averages in the characteristics of ear number, number of ear pods, number of rows, weight of 300 seeds, total grain yield, and biological yield. for ashes.
Response Growth and Yield of Three Broad Bean Cultivars (Vicia faba L.) to Spraying with Different Concentrations of Salicylic Acid Under Saline Soil Conditions
Authors: Atab Huda A. , Al-Ubori Rafid , Aboohanah Mansoor Abed
Published: November 2023

South of Babylon province, at 32 degrees 40 minutes north latitude and 44 degrees 39 minutes east longitude, was the site of a field experiment run by the College of Agriculture at Al-Qasim Green University during the winter of 2022-2023. Three broad bean varieties were tested for their reactions to salicylic acid sprays of varying doses in saline soil. The experiment was conducted with a split plot arrangement according to The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The experiment included two factors: The first important factor was the cultivation of three cultivars of broad beans (Turkish, Spanish, and Dutch) which were placed in the main plot. As for, the sub-plot was included three concentrations of salicylic acid: control treatment, the spraying treatment with 100 mg L-1, and the spraying treatment with 200 mg L-1. The results showed that the Turkish cultivar was significantly excelled in the studied trait of plant height (118.46 cm), the number of branches (branch-1), and the biological yield (4.81 tons. ha-1), while the Spanish cultivar was excelled in leaf area (2505.8 cm2) and the number of pods (21.74 pods. plant -1), seed yield (2.49 ton. ha-1), and harvest index (56.15%). Where spraying with salicylic acid was significantly excelled on 200 mg L-1 in the studied traits for plant height (97.08 cm), the number of branches (10.87 branch.plant-1), the leaf area (2363.7 cm2), the number of pods (23.01 pods plant-1), seed yield (2.40 ton.ha-1), and the harvest index (49.23%).
The Importance of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum in Biological Control to Root Rot Pathogens (Review)
Authors: Al-Baldawy Muneer Saeed M. , Matloob Ahed A. A. H. , Almammory Mohammed K. N.
Published: November 2023

Intense research continues by researchers to find safe alternatives to chemical pesticides and synthetic fertilizers, and its frequent use without correct programming and guiding awareness, which has caused many environmental problems, poisoning, destruction of the ecosystem, and pollution of water, air, and agricultural soils. The use of these chemicals has also affected many living organisms, including them Humans, which motivated researchers to study and re-introduce the natural elements and beneficial microorganisms into agricultural production so that the consumer can obtain safe and healthy food free from the accumulation of harmful chemical residues. Inside the soil, which can carry out the process of converting nitrogen while it is in the state of being a gas to a state of solubility. Through this process, plants can obtain the benefit from it through the stabilization process that occurs. These bacteria perform a major work, as they work to fix nitrogen in the air This is because the plant finds it difficult to use it in its form as a gas, so it makes it in the soil in a form ready for the plant. Studies have also shown that this bacteria has many beneficial properties for the growth and protection of the plant from pathogens and the importance of this bacteria and to try to shed light on its beneficial activities for the plant. The importance of this bacteria and the role of Azotobacter chroococcum in protecting plants from root rot diseases.
Genetic Analysis of Yield and its Components in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using Generation Mean Analysis
Authors: Al-Mfarji Barazan A. Mohammed , Mahdi Mudhafar Abed , Al-Timimi Omar A. Ahmed
Published: November 2023

In this study, the six generational clans (P1, P2, F1, F2, B1, and B2) were used for two crosses of bread wheat. (Triticum aestivum. L), (the first cross was between the two cultivars (Milan * Abu Ghraib 3) and the second cross between (Milan * Sham 6). The six generations of the two crosses were cultivated according to the randomized complete block design in three replications for each of them. The averages of the generations were analyzed for the studied quantitative traits. For the six generations in the two crosses, the arithmetic averages and their standard errors showed that the values of the generations differed significantly from zero and in both crosses. F2 clans outperformed P1 in their performance and for some traits, and this indicates more frequency of the alleles responsible for this trait in the second generation clan and thus the expression of this trait. Through superior dominance as well as ultra-border genetic isolations, as well as the superiority of BC2 over F2 clans, which indicates more frequency of the alleles responsible for this trait in the second generation clan and for some traits. This means the dominance of the dominant variance that controls the inheritance of traits, and heritability in the narrow sense was low due to the low additional genetic variance.was significant in all traits except for the number of grains per spike and yield efficiency in the first cross, while the values of [d] were significant and positive for leaf area and protein content, which makes early selection beneficial for these traits, and were significant and negative for the traits of number of grains per spike and grain yield, and the dominance effects were [h] Positive and significant values for the characteristics of plant height, total number of tillers, number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike, biological yield, grain yield, weight of 1000 grains, protein content and gluten content, while significant did not appear in the rest of the studied traits, in the first cross, and in the characteristics of plant height and total number of tillers The number of grains per spike, grain yield, harvest index, weight of 1000 grains, yield efficiency, protein content and gluten content, the second cross, and the superior effects (i) were the first contributors to the inheritance of these traits, followed by the part of the superior genetic action dominant x dominant (l) and then the superior genetic action additional × dominant (j) followed by the dominant genetic act and then the additive genetic action were significant in most of the traits studied in both crosses.