bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resistencia mecánica, tasa respiratoria y producción de etileno de caqui 'Fuyu' durante el almacenamiento
Authors: Dussán-Sarria Saul , Honório Sylvio L. , Matias Melissa de L.
Published: August 2008

El caqui 'Fuyu' presenta escasa revisión de literatura en lo que respecta a propiedades mecánicas y comportamiento fisiológico. En este trabajo fue evaluada la alteración de la resistencia mecánica a la compresión del caqui 'Fuyu', el comportamiento respiratorio y la evolución de la producción de etileno durante el almacenamiento. Las frutas fueron cosechadas con dos índices de cosecha: Índice 1, frutas cosechadas 15 a 20 días antes de la madurez comercial y, Índice 2, frutas cosechadas con madurez comercial. Las frutas fueron seleccionadas, empacadas en empaque comercial (caja de cartón) y almacenadas bajo dos condiciones de conservación: 1. Con refrigeración (0 ± 1 ºC y 65 ± 1% de HR; 2. Sin refrigeración (22 ± 3 ºC y 71 ± 6% de HR). El módulo de elasticidad del caqui disminuye durante el periodo postcosecha independiente de las condiciones de conservación. El módulo de elasticidad varió entre 3.695,3 y 968,2 kPa. El grado de madurez del caqui 'Fuyu' en el momento de la cosecha, influencia los valores del módulo de elasticidad durante el almacenamiento. El caqui 'Fuyu' presenta comportamiento respiratorio característico de fruto climatérico y el pico de evolución de etileno coincide con el pico climatérico.
Indução de superbrotamento e regeneração de plantas in vitro, nas cultivares de algodão colorido
Authors: Rocha Maria do S. , Carvalho Julita M. F. C. , Mata Mário E. R. M. Cavalcanti , Lopes Kilson P.
Published: August 2008

A micropropagação in vitro tem-se apresentado como técnica que possibilita várias metodologias que, por sua vez, contribuem com a redução no tempo, para a obtenção de novas cultivares. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o comportamento dos genótipos BRS-Verde, BRS-200-Marrom, 6M-Mocó-Branco e BRs(-1)87 8H Branco na indução do superbrotamento em diferentes combinações de reguladores de crescimento. As sementes, para obtenção do material de partida, foram desinfectadas em solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 1% de cloro ativo por 20 min. Os brotos foram induzidos, a partir de explante de nós cotiledonares em meio básico MS, suplementado com 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), Cinetina ( KIN) e Tiadiazuron (TDZ), isolados ou associados em diferentes concentrações. O material foi mantido por 40 dias em sala de crescimento, sob condições ambientais controladas. Utilizou-se 10 tubos de ensaio por tratamento com um explante por frasco, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial de 4 x 17 (quatro genótipos x dezessete meios). Observou-se que o meio MS suplementado com BAP (2,0 mg L-1) isolado ou associado com KIN (1,0 mg L-1), promoveu maior capacidade de regeneração e altura de brotos; o meio MS suplementado com BAP (2,5 mg L-1) estimulou maior altura de brotos e o meio MS suplementado com TDZ (1,0, 0,50 e 0,25 mg L-1) afetou a capacidade de regeneração de brotos, observando-se maior formação de calos.
Desenvolvimento do milho e fertilidade do solo após aplicação de lodo de curtume e fosforita
Authors: Araújo Fabio F. de , Tiritan Carlos S. , Pereira Helder M. , Caetano Júnior Osvanir
Published: August 2008

Avaliar as alterações químicas no solo e o crescimento de plantas de milho em um Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo distroférrico, em dois cultivos sucessivos após a aplicação de lodo de curtume e fosfato natural, foi o que norteou este trabalho. Estudou-se, em condições de casa de vegetação, o efeito de duas doses de lodo (2,5 e 5,0 Mg ha-1) in natura e compostado associado ao fosfato natural, sobre o crescimento e concentrações de nutrientes no milho e a fertilidade do solo. Verificou-se efeito significativo das doses de lodo in natura sobre o desenvolvimento do milho quando comparado com os tratamentos NPK e testemunha. A concentração de fósforo disponível no solo foi incrementada após a aplicação de lodo de curtume. O lodo, no entanto, não supriu a quantidade de potássio necessária para o desenvolvimento das plantas no segundo cultivo, mas o lodo de curtume "in natura" promoveu maior acúmulo de N e P na planta e melhor desenvolvimento do milho no primeiro cultivo, o que não se repetiu no segundo cultivo; o lodo de curtume compostado apresentou maior acúmulo de N no segundo cultivo, representando também maior estabilização do N no resíduo compostado. A associação do lodo de curtume com a fosforita proporcionou ganhos no desenvolvimento do milho e aumento do P disponível no solo.
Evaluation of the effects of coal fly ash amendments on the toxicity of a contaminated marine sediment
Authors: Burgess Robert M. , Perron Monique M. , Friedman Carey L. , Suuberg Eric M. , Pennell Kelly G. , Cantwell Mark G. , Pelletier Marguerite C. , Ho Kay T. , Serbst Jonathan R. , Ryba Stephan A.
Published: August 2008

Approaches for cleaning up contaminated sediments range from dredging to in situ treatment. In this study, we discuss the effects of amending reference and contaminated sediments with coal fly ash to reduce the bioavailability and toxicity of a field sediment contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Six fly ashes and a coconut charcoal were evaluated in 7-d whole sediment toxicity tests with a marine amphipod (Ampelisca abdita) and mysid (Americamysis bahia). Fly ashes with high carbon content and the coconut charcoal showed proficiency at reducing toxicity. Some of the fly ashes demonstrated toxicity in the reference treatments. It is suspected that some of this toxicity is related to the presence of ammonia associated with fly ashes as a result of postoxidation treatment to reduce nitrous oxide emissions. Relatively simple methods exist to remove ammonia from fly ash before use, and fly ashes with low ammonia content are available. Fly ashes were also shown to effectively reduce overlying water concentrations of several PAHs. No evidence was seen of the release of the metals cadmium, copper, nickel, or lead from the fly ashes. A preliminary 28-d polychaete bioaccumulation study with one of the high-carbon fly ashes and a reference sediment was also performed. Although preliminary, no evidence was seen of adverse effects to worm growth or lipid content or of accumulation of PAHs or mercury from exposure to the fly ash. These data show fly ashes with high carbon content could represent viable remedial materials for reducing the bioavailability of organic contaminants in sediments.
Ammonia sensitivity of the glass eel (Anguilla anguilla L.): Salinity dependence and the role of branchial sodium/potassium adenosine triphosphatase
Authors: da Silva Joana Moreira , Coimbra Joao , Wilson Jonathan M.
Published: August 2008

Eel aquaculture is capture based and thus dependent on the fishery for juvenile glass eels. This fishery typically takes place in estuaries where salinity varies and ammonia levels can be elevated. Also, during capture and transport glass eels are kept at high densities and ammonia from endogenous production can increase to toxic levels. Ammonia is known to have detrimental effects on fish growth and survival. In the present study, the salinity dependence of ammonia sensitivity in glass eels acclimated to either seawater or freshwater was determined, and the possible role of branchial sodium/potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase) was investigated. Freshwater-acclimated glass eels were found to be more sensitive to ammonia with a lethal concentration to 50% of the test organisms (LC50) value for 96 h of 3.30 mM for total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and 117 μM for un-ionized ammonia (UIA), versus values of 4.95 mM and 138 μM, respectively, for seawater-acclimated animals. Freshwater glass eels also had significantly lower body TAN levels than seawater-acclimated glass eels, although body accumulation profiles during exposure were similar. The higher branchial Na+/K+-ATPase activities in seawater glass eels might explain this difference in sensitivity; however, activities decreased significantly with increasing ammonia levels. There was also no salinity dependence of net ammonia flux rates (0.388 μmol of TAN/g/h). Holding glass eels at high densities characteristic of transport conditions resulted in elevated ammonia concentrations to approximately 3 mM, which coincidently approaches to the freshwater LC50 value and may therefore contribute to mortality.
Polybrominated diphenyl ether congener patterns, hexabromocyclododecane, and brominated biphenyl 153 in eggs of peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) breeding in Sweden
Authors: Johansson Anna-Karin , Sellström Ulla , Lindberg Peter , Bignert Anders , de Wit Cynthia A.
Published: August 2008

Previous analyses of 52 peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) eggs collected from two wild and one captive population in Sweden 1987 through 1999 were complemented by including additional polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners (BDE −35, −183, −184, −185, −196, −197, −;203, and −207). In addition, 31 eggs not previously analyzed for hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and BDE-209 were analyzed for these. Geometric mean concentrations of ΣPBDEs, HBCD, and the hexabrominated biphenyl (BB-153) were 3,100, 140, and 81 ng/g of lipid weight for the southern population; 2,500, 110, and 84 ng/g of lipid weight for the northern population; and 47, not detected, and 8 ng/g of lipid weight for the captive population. The BDE congener pattern was dominated by BDE-153, −99, and −100. The results were used to investigate whether a difference in PBDE congener pattern could be distinguished between the two wild populations of peregrine falcons due to different diets, as the southern population preys mainly on birds belonging to the terrestrial food chain while the northern population preys more on aquatic birds. A multivariate t-test showed a subtle but significant (p < 0.001) difference in PBDE congener pattern between the two populations. However, our hypothesis that higher-brominated congeners of PBDEs would be present to a greater extent in the terrestrial food chain was not supported by principal component analysis. The average brood size for individual females from the southern population decreased with increasing concentrations of ΣPBDE in the eggs (log-linear regressionp < 0.01).
Evaluation of estrogenic activity of parabens and their chlorinated derivatives by using the yeast two-hybrid assay and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Terasaki Masanori , Kamata Ryo , Shiraishi Fujio , Makino Masakazu
Published: August 2008

We assessed the estrogen agonist activities of 21 parabens and their chlorinated derivatives by using yeast two-hybrid assays incorporating either the human or medaka (Oryzias latipes) estrogen receptor α (hERα and medERα, respectively), and by using hERα competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ER-ELISA). In the two-hybrid assay with hERα, five parabens and three chlorinated derivatives exhibited estrogenic activity, and their relative activity (17β-estradiol [E2] = 1) ranged from 2.0 × 10−5 to 2.0 × 10−4, with the highest activity observed in i-butylparaben. In the medERα assay, six parabens and six chlorinated derivatives exhibited estrogenic activity and their relative activity ranged from 2.7 × 10−5 to 3.5 × 10−3, with the highest activity observed in benzylparaben, its monochlorinated derivative, i-butylparaben, and n-butylparaben. Although medERα demonstrated an activity to E2 that was three times lower than that demonstrated by hERα, medERα has a higher sensitivity to parabens than hERα (1.3–8.9 times). Five parabens and two chlorinated derivatives exhibited a binding affinity to ERα in the ER-ELISA; of the parabens, i-butylparaben exhibited the strongest binding affinity. The yeast two-hybrid assay and the ER-ELISA also revealed that many of the assayed chlorinated parabens were much weaker than the parent compound. In addition, the results mainly showed that parabens with a bulk substituent (e.g., i-butyl and benzyl groups) had a higher activity than those with a sterically small substituent. It is considered that derivatization masks the apparent estrogenic activity of parabens, but the resulting chlorinated compounds may represent a potential hazard and therefore other toxicity tests should be performed to determine the toxicity of the chlorinated derivatives.
Endurance Exercise as a Countermeasure for Aging
Authors: Lanza Ian R. , Short Daniel K. , Short Kevin R. , Raghavakaimal Sreekumar , Basu Rita , Joyner Michael J. , McConnell Joseph P. , Nair K. Sreekumaran
Published: August 2008

OBJECTIVE— We determined whether reduced insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and other age-related dysfunctions are inevitable consequences of aging or secondary to physical inactivity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— Insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and ATP production in mitochondria isolated from vastus lateralis biopsies of 42 healthy sedentary and endurance-trained young (18–30 years old) and older (59–76 years old) subjects. Expression of proteins involved in fuel metabolism was measured by mass spectrometry. Citrate synthase activity, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) abundance, and expression of nuclear-encoded transcription factors for mitochondrial biogenesis were measured. SIRT3, a mitochondrial sirtuin linked to lifespan-enhancing effects of caloric restriction, was measured by immunoblot.

RESULTS— Insulin-induced glucose disposal and suppression of endogenous glucose production were higher in the trained young and older subjects, but no age effect was noted. Age-related decline in mitochondrial oxidative capacity was absent in endurance-trained individuals. Although endurance-trained individuals exhibited higher expression of mitochondrial proteins, mtDNA, and mitochondrial transcription factors, there were persisting effects of age. SIRT3 expression was lower with age in sedentary but equally elevated regardless of age in endurance-trained individuals.

CONCLUSIONS— The results demonstrate that reduced insulin sensitivity is likely related to changes in adiposity and to physical inactivity rather than being an inevitable consequence of aging. The results also show that regular endurance exercise partly normalizes age-related mitochondrial dysfunction, although there are persisting effects of age on mtDNA abundance and expression of nuclear transcription factors and mitochondrial protein. Furthermore, exercise may promote longevity through pathways common to effects of caloric restriction.
A New Class of 3′‐Sulfonyl BINAPHOS Ligands: Modulation of Activity and Selectivity in Asymmetric Palladium‐Catalysed Hydrophosphorylation of Styrene
Authors: Barta Katalin , Franciò Giancarlo , Leitner Walter , Lloyd‐Jones Guy C. , Shepperson Ian R.
Published: August 2008

Palladium‐catalysed monophosphorylation of (R)‐2,2′‐bisperfluoroalkanesulfonates of BINOL (RF=CF3 or C4F9) by a diaryl phosphinate [Ar2P(O)H] followed by phosphine oxide reduction (Cl3SiH) then lithium diisopropylamide‐mediated anionic thia‐Fries rearrangement furnishes enantiomerically‐pure (R)‐2′‐diarylphosphino‐2′‐hydroxy‐3′‐perfluoralkanesulfonyl‐1,1′‐binaphthalenes [(R)‐8ab and (R)‐8g–j], which can be further diversified by Grignard reagent (RMgX)‐mediated CF3‐displacement [→(R)‐8c–f]. Coupling of (R)‐8a–j with (S)‐1,1′‐binaphthalene‐2,2′‐dioxychlorophosphine (S)‐9 generates 3′‐sulfonyl BINAPHOS ligands (R,S)‐10a–j in good yields (43–82%). These new ligands are of utlility in the asymmetric hydrophosphonylation of styrene (1) by 4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaphospholane 2‐oxide (2), for which a combination of the chiral ligands with either [Pd(Cp)(allyl)] or [Pd(allyl)(MeCN)2]+/NaCH(CO2Me)2 proves to be a convenient and active pre‐catalyst system. A combination of an electron‐rich phosphine moiety and an electron‐deficient 3′‐sulfone moiety provides the best enantioselectivity to date for this process, affording the branched 2‐phenethenephosphonate, (−)‐iso‐3, in up to 74% ee with ligand (R,S)‐10i, where Ar=p‐anisyl and the 3′‐SO2R group is triflone.
Differences in impact factor across fields and over time
Authors: Althouse Benjamin M. , West Jevin D. , Bergstrom Carl T. , Bergstrom Theodore
Published: August 2008

The bibliometric measure impact factor is a leading indicator of journal influence, and impact factors are routinely used in making decisions ranging from selecting journal subscriptions to allocating research funding to deciding tenure cases. Yet journal impact factors have increased gradually over time, and moreover impact factors vary widely across academic disciplines. Here we quantify inflation over time and differences across fields in impact factor scores and determine the sources of these differences. We find that the average number of citations in reference lists has increased gradually, and this is the predominant factor responsible for the inflation of impact factor scores over time. Field‐specific variation in the fraction of citations to literature indexed by Thomson Scientific's Journal Citation Reports is the single greatest contributor to differences among the impact factors of journals in different fields. The growth rate of the scientific literature as a whole, and cross‐field differences in net size and growth rate of individual fields, have had very little influence on impact factor inflation or on cross‐field differences in impact factor.
Early results from a randomized clinical trial of colon J pouch versus transverse coloplasty pouch after low anterior resection for rectal cancer
Authors: Ulrich A B , Seiler C M , Z'graggen K , Löffler T , Weitz J , Büchler M W
Published: August 2008

Background

Patients with primary rectal cancer undergoing low anterior resection are often reconstructed using a pouch procedure. The aim of this trial was to compare colon J pouch (CJP) with transverse coloplasty pouch (TCP) reconstruction with regard to functional results, perioperative mortality and morbidity. As there is considerable uncertainty over the true anastomotic leak rate in patients with a TCP, the study analysed short-term outcome data.

Methods

Elective patients suitable for either procedure after sphincter-saving low anterior resection were eligible. Randomization took place during surgery. The primary endpoint was the rate of late evacuation problems after 2 years; secondary endpoints were anastomotic leak rate, perioperative morbidity and mortality.

Results

Between 21 October 2002 and 5 December 2005, 149 patients were randomized. All 76 patients randomized to TCP had the procedure compared with 68 of the 73 patients (93 per cent) randomized to CJP. Both groups were comparable with regard to demographic and clinical characteristics. Surgical complications (CJP: 19 per cent; TCP: 18 per cent) and the overall anastomotic leak rate (8 per cent) were equally distributed in both groups.

Conclusion

This trial demonstrated a comparable early outcome for TCP and CJP. This contradicts previous reports suggesting a higher leak rate after TCP. Registration number: ISRCTN78983587 (http://www.controlled-trials.com).
Gland-preserving surgery for pleomorphic adenoma in the submandibular gland
Authors: Roh J-L , Park C I
Published: August 2008

Background

Removal of tumours arising in the submandibular gland (SMG) usually involves excision of the entire gland. This prospective study evaluated the efficacy of gland-preserving surgery in patients with benign SMG tumours.

Methods

Twenty consecutive patients with pleomorphic adenomas in the SMG underwent local excision of tumours with limited tumour-free margins and preservation of the remnant glandular tissues. All patients had salivary scintigraphy before and 6 months after surgery, with ultrasonography 2 years after operation. Complications, operating time, salivary function and rates of tumour recurrence were evaluated.

Results

The mean operating time was 28 min, and no patient had neurological complications. After surgery, the function of the affected gland was equal to that of the unaffected gland. All patients had symmetrical facial contours without defects in the operated submandibular triangle. None of the patients had evidence of tumour recurrence on ultrasonographic examination and regular clinical examination at a median of 36 months after surgery.

Conclusion

Gland-preserving surgery in patients with benign SMG tumours preserves salivation, and reduces surgical morbidity and operating time, with good cosmesis but without compromising local control.
Leucocyte and platelet adhesion in different layers of the small bowel during experimental total warm ischaemia and reperfusion
Authors: Beuk R J , Tangelder G-J , Maassen R L J G , Quaedackers J S L T , Heineman E , oude Egbrink M G A
Published: August 2008

Background

Ischaemia and reperfusion (IR) of the small bowel is involved in many clinical conditions. A key component in IR-induced tissue damage is microvascular dysfunction. The aim was to investigate the role of leucocytes and platelets in capillary flow impediment and tissue damage.

Methods

Anaesthetized rats were subjected to 30 min warm ischaemia of the small bowel, followed by 1 h reperfusion. To elucidate the influence of leucocytes on platelet adhesion, leucocyte–vessel wall interactions induced by IR were prevented by anti-platelet activating factor (PAF) or anti-intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1. Intravital videomicroscopy was performed and tissue injury was evaluated histologically.

Results

In submucosal venules, IR induced an increase in the median number of interacting leucocytes from 3 to 10 and 20 leucocytes per 100-µm venule segment after 10 and 60 min reperfusion respectively. Anti-PAF or anti-ICAM-1 completely attenuated this increase, resulting in an eightfold improvement in submucosal capillary flow and reduced tissue injury. Shedding of villi no longer occurred. Platelet–vessel wall interactions occurred particularly in submucosal venules, but were not affected by anti-PAF or anti-ICAM-1.

Conclusion

Small bowel IR initiated an inflammatory and thrombotic response in the submucosal layer only. Attenuation of leucocyte adhesion improved submucosal capillary perfusion, preventing shedding of mucosal villi.
Clinical, physiological and radiological assessment of rectovaginal septum reinforcement with mesh for complex rectocele
Authors: D'Hoore A , Vanbeckevoort D , Penninckx F
Published: August 2008

Background

Rectocele can be part of a more complex rectal prolapse syndrome including rectal intussusception and enterocele. This reflects insufficiency at different levels of support in the posterior pelvic compartment. A new technique involving reinforcement of the rectovaginal septum with mesh by a combined laparoscopic and perineal approach was evaluated.

Methods

The study included 18 patients with a complex rectocele and grade 2–3 rectal intussusception and enterocele (eight patients). Patients had clinical, physiological and radiological follow-up.

Results

There was no major perioperative morbidity and mean hospital stay was 4·5 (range 3–7) days. After a mean of 24·2 (range 13–35) months there was no clinical recurrence of rectocele. Symptoms of obstructed defaecation resolved in 14 of 17 patients. The Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms score decreased from a mean(s.d.) of 12·6(5·9) to 3·9(4·2), and a rectocele symptom score from 14·3(3·3) to 2·3(2·8). No new-onset constipation, urge or faecal incontinence nor new-onset dyspareunia was reported. Radiological investigation in eight patients revealed a sufficient anatomical repair at the different levels of support. A slight decrease in rectal compliance was measured, with no significant reduction in rectal capacity.

Conclusion

Complete rectovaginal septum reinforcement with mesh corrected complex rectoceles, with good functional outcome.
Social experience and school bullying
Authors: Bacchini Dario , Esposito Giovanna , Affuso Gaetana
Published: August 2008

The goal of the present study is to investigate the relationship between school bullying and various aspects of the urban and scholastic environment where participants live, such as sense of community, exposure to dangerous and violent situations within the neighbourhood, perceptions of the safety of the neighbourhood and perceptions of the school environment. The research, performed in Ercolano, a town near Naples, covered the whole of Ercolano's population (n = 734) of 7th, 10th and 13th grade students. Data were analysed using a multivariate analysis of variance. Results showed that bullying role (pure bullies, pure victims, bully victims, not‐involved) is significantly associated with the way subjects perceive their exposure to dangerous and violent situations within the neighbourhood, their relationship with classmates and their relationship with teachers.Pure bulliesandbully victimsare especially likely to experience dangerous and violent situations in the neighbourhood where they live and have a more negative perception of their relationship with teachers; forpure victimsandbully victims, a significant association is obtained with negative perceptions of relationships with classmates. These findings suggest the need for intervention strategies that extend beyond the classroom to the broader community and neighbourhood. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palladium‐Based Telomerization of 1,3‐Butadiene with Glycerol Using Methoxy‐Functionalized Triphenylphosphine Ligands
Authors: Palkovits Regina , Nieddu Ilenia , Kruithof Cornelis A. , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M. , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: August 2008

Glycerol is considered a potential renewable building block for the synthesis of existing as well as new chemicals. A promising route is the telomerization of 1,3‐butadiene with glycerol leading to C8 chain ethers of glycerol with applications in, for example, surfactant chemistry. Recently, we reported a new set of palladium‐based homogeneous catalytic systems for the telomerization of 1,3‐butadiene with glycerol and found that palladium complexes bearing methoxy‐functionalized triphenylphosphine ligands are highly active catalysts capable of converting crude glycerol without any significant loss of activity. Herein, we present a detailed account of these investigations by reporting on the influence of the butadiene/glycerol ratio, temperature, and reaction time on product selectivity and activity allowing further optimization of catalyst performance. Maximum activity and yield were reached for high 1,3‐butadiene/glycerol ratios at a temperature of 90 °C, whereas the selectivity for mono‐ and diethers of glycerol could be optimized by combining high reaction temperatures and short reaction times with low butadiene/glycerol ratios. Variation of the PdII metal precursors and the metal/ligand ratio showed that palladium precursors with halogen ligands gave unsatisfying results, in contrast to precursors with weakly coordinated ligands such as [Pd(OAc)2] and [Pd(acac)2]. [Pd(dba)2], the only Pd0 precursor tested, gave the best results in terms of activity, which illustrates the importance of the ability to form a Pd0 species in the catalytic cycle. Finally, base addition resulted in a shortening of the reaction time and most likely facilitates the formation of a Pd0 species. Based on these results, we were able to realize the first attempts towards a rational ligand design aimed at a high selectivity for mono‐ and diether formation.
Combination of Lacunary Polyoxometalates and High‐Nuclear Transition Metal Clusters under Hydrothermal Conditions: IX. A Series of Novel Polyoxotungstates Sandwiched by Octa‐Copper Clusters
Authors: Zhao Jun‐Wei , Wang Chun‐Mei , Zhang Jie , Zheng Shou‐Tian , Yang Guo‐Yu
Published: August 2008

The reaction of CuCl2⋅2 H2O with trivacant Keggin polyoxoanions K8Na2[A‐α‐GeW9O34]⋅25 H2O or K10[A‐ α‐SiW9O34]⋅25 H2O in the presence of 1,2‐diaminopropane (dap), ethylenediamine (en) or 2,2′‐bipyridine (2,2′‐bpy) under hydrothermal conditions afforded five novel hybrid inorganic–organic octa‐Cu sandwiched polyoxotungstates (POTs): H4[CuII8(dap)4(H2O)2(B‐α‐GeW9O34)2]⋅13 H2O (1), (H2en)2[CuII8(en)4(H2O)2(B‐α‐GeW9O34)2]⋅5 H2O(2), (H2en)2[CuII8(en)4(H2O)2(B‐α‐SiW9O34)2]⋅8 H2O (3), [CuII(H2O)2]H2[CuII8(en)4(H2O)2(B‐α‐SiW9O34)2] (4), and [CuII2(H2O)2(2,2′‐bpy)2]{[CuII(bdyl)]2[CuII8(2,2′‐bpy)4(H2O)2(B‐α‐GeW9O34)2]}⋅4 H2O (bdyl=2,2′‐bipyridinyl)(5). Additionally, CuCl2⋅2 H2O reacts with the mixture of GeO2, Na2WO4⋅2 H2O, H2SiW12O40⋅2 H2O in the presence of 2,2′‐bpy and 4,4′‐bpy under hydrothermal conditions leading to another novel mixed‐valent octa‐Cu sandwiched POT hybrid: [CuI(2,2′‐bpy)(4,4′‐bpy)]2[{CuI2(2,2′‐bpy)2(4,4′‐bpy)]2[CuI2CuII6(2,2′‐bpy)2(4,4′‐bpy)2(B‐α‐GeW9O34)2}]⋅2 H2O (6). 1, 2, and 3 are discrete dimers constructed from two trivacant Keggin [B‐α‐XW9O34]10− (X=GeIV/SiIV) fragments and an octa‐Cu cluster whereas 4 displays the 3D (3,6)‐connected nets with (4⋅62)(42⋅64⋅87⋅102) topology, which are built by octa‐Cu sandwiched polyoxometalate building blocks through copper cation bridges. 5 is a novel 2D layer based on octa‐Cu sandwiched POT clusters and [CuII2(bdyl)] units. Interestingly, the rollover metalation of 2,2′‐bpy is firstly observed in the system containing the copper complex under hydrothermal conditions. 6 is a discrete mixed‐valent octa‐Cu sandwiched POT supported by two CuI‐complexes [CuI2(2,2′‐bpy)2(4,4′‐bpy)]2+ through 4,4′‐bpy bridges, which constructs a novel dodeca‐copper cluster. Notably, the octa‐Cu cluster in 6 is mixed‐valent and is different from those in 1–5. To our knowledge, 1–6 represent a rare family of POTs incorporating novel octa‐nuclear transition‐metal clusters in polyoxometalate chemistry. They were structurally characterized by FT‐IR spectra, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The magnetic properties of 1, 4, and 5 were quantitatively analyzed by the MAGPACK software package.
Interplay between Acetate Ions, Peripheral Groups, and Reactivity of the Core Nitrogens in Transmetalation of Tetrapyrroles
Authors: Orzeł Łukasz , Fiedor Leszek , Wolak Maria , Kania Agnieszka , van Eldik Rudi , Stochel Grażyna
Published: August 2008

The mechanism of acetate‐assisted transmetalation of tetrapyrroles was investigated in a model system consisting of chlorophyll a and copper(II) acetate in organic solvents by using a spectroscopic and kinetic approach. Surprisingly, acetate ions bind to the central Mg in chlorophyll much more strongly than do acetonitrile, methanol and even pyridine, one of the best ligands in chlorophyllic systems. This exceptionally strong non‐symmetrical axial ligation of the central Mg by acetate causes its out‐of‐plane displacement and deformation of the tetrapyrrole ring, thus facilitating the interaction with an incoming CuII complex. This mechanism is controlled by a keto–enol tautomerism of the chlorophyll isocyclic ring. Additionally, depending on solvent, acetate activates the incoming metal ions. These new insights allow to suggest a mechanism for the acetate method of metal exchange in tetrapyrrolic macrocycles, which resembles biological insertion of metal ions into porphyrins. It also provides a guideline for the design of more efficient methods for the metalation of porphyrins and related macrocycles.
Molecules with New Topologies Derived from Hydrogen‐Bonded Dimers of Tetraurea Calix[4]arenes
Authors: Bogdan Anca , Bolte Michael , Böhmer Volker
Published: August 2008

Tetraurea calix[4]arenes 2 have been synthesized in which two adjacent aryl urea residues are connected to a loop by an aliphatic chain ‐O‐(CH2)n‐O‐. The remaining urea residues have a bulky 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl residue and an ω‐alkenyloxyphenyl residue. Since this bulky residue cannot pass through the loop, only one homodimer (2⋅2) is formed in apolar solvents, for steric reasons, in which the two alkenyl residues penetrate the two macrocyclic loops. Covalent connection of these alkenyl groups by olefin metathesis followed by hydrogenation creates compounds 3, which consist of molecules with hitherto unknown topology. Their molecular structure was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and ESIMS, and for one example by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: An ab initio Potential Energy Surface and Vibrational Energy Levels of HXeBr.
Authors: Huang Zheng Guo , Yang En Cui , Xie Dai Qian
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper—Indium Ordering in LnCu6In6 (Ln: Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy).
Authors: Zaremba Roman , Muts Ihor , Hoffmann Rolf‐Dieter , Kalychak Yaroslav M. , Zaremba Vasyl' I. , Poettgen Rainer
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Characterization of SrLaMnRuO6 by Synchrotron X‐Ray Powder Diffraction and X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Bashir Javaid , Shaheen Rubina , Khan Muhammad Nasir
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: From a 3D Protonic Conductor VO(H2PO4)2 to a 2D Cationic Conductor Li4VO(PO4)2 Through Lithium Exchange.
Authors: Caignaert V. , Kishore M. Satya , Pralong V. , Raveau B. , Creon N. , Fjellvaag H.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Phase Relationships in the La—Ti—Sn Ternary System at 473 K.
Authors: Zhan Yongzhong , Xu Yanfei , Xie Haofeng , Yu Zhengwen , Wang Ying , Zhuang Yinghong
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Synthesis of Excellent Visible‐Light TiO2‐xNx Photocatalyst Using a Very Simple Method.
Authors: Li Danzhen , Huang Hanjie , Chen Xu , Chen Zhixin , Li Wenjuan , Ye Dong , Fu Xianzhi
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation by Palladium‐Bisphosphinites.
Authors: Sharma Rakesh K. , Nethaji Munirathnam , Samuelson Ashoka G.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: C1‐Symmetrical Ti(OTos)2‐ and TiCl2‐TADDOLate‐Catalyzed 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Nitrones to Electron‐Deficient Alkenes.
Authors: Wang Yan‐xia , Zhu Yong‐kuan , Liu Bo , You Jun , Liu Nan
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt/Rhodium Heterobimetallic Nanoparticle‐Catalyzed Carbonylative [2 + 2 + 1] Cycloaddition of Allenes and Bisallenes to Pauson—Khand‐Type Reaction Products.
Authors: Park Ji Hoon , Kim Eunha , Kim Hyeong‐Mook , Choi Soo Young , Chung Young Keun
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Protonolysis of the Carbon—Palladium Bond in Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Enyne Cyclization in Imidazolium‐Type Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Yang Shao‐Rong , Jiang Huan‐Feng , Li Yi‐Qun , Chen Huo‐Ji , Luo Wei , Xu Yan‐Bin
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bismuth Triflate Catalyzed Rearrangement of Acetates of the Baylis—Hillman Adducts into (E)‐Trisubstituted Alkenes.
Authors: Ollevier Thierry , Mwene‐Mbeja Topwe M.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Bicyclic Guanidines Through Unprecedented Palladium(II) Catalyzed Diamination with Copper Chloride as Oxidant.
Authors: Hoevelmann Claas H. , Streuff Jan , Brelot Lydia , Muniz Kilian
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Bis(2,2,6,6‐Tetramethyl‐3,5‐heptanedionate) Catalyzed Suzuki, Heck, Sonogashira, and Cyanation Reactions.
Authors: Nandurkar Nitin S. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Preparation of Aryl Sulfides Catalyzed by PEG400 and Nickel Without Solvent.
Authors: Cao Yu‐Qing , Zhang Zhan , Guo Yan‐Xin , Wu Guo‐Qiang
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐Acyl Group Migration in the Oxidative Free Radical Reaction of 2‐Substituted‐1,4‐quinones.
Authors: Tsai An‐I , Chuang Che‐Ping
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dehydroiodination of 2‐Iodo‐3‐(polyfluoroalkyl)propoxymethyloxiranes.
Authors: Bazhin D. N. , Gorbunova T. I. , Zapevalov A. Ya. , Saloutin V. I.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Tertiary 2‐Furyl Alcohols: Diversified Key Intermediates to Bioactive Compounds. Their Enantioselective Synthesis via (2‐Furyl)aluminum Addition to Ketones Catalyzed by a Titanium Catalyst of (S)‐BINOL.
Authors: Wu Kuo‐Hui , Chuang Da‐Wei , Chen Chien‐An , Gau Han‐Mou
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 9‐Thiourea Cinchona Alkaloid Supported on Mesoporous Silica as a Highly Enantioselective, Recyclable Heterogeneous Asymmetric Catalyst.
Authors: Yu Peng , He Jing , Guo Canxiong
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Carbazoles by Dehydro Diels—Alder Reactions of Ynamides.
Authors: Martinez‐Esperon M. Fernanda , Rodriguez David , Castedo Luis , Saa Carlos
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Construction of Fused and Spiro Nitrogen/Sulfur Containing Heterocycles by Addition of Thioamides or Thioureas on Cycloalkenyl‐Diazenes: Examples of Click Chemistry.
Authors: Attanasi Orazio A. , De Crescentini Lucia , Favi Gianfranco , Filippone Paolino , Giorgi Gianluca , Mantellini Fabio , Perrulli Francesca R. , Spinelli Domenico
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Fluorogenic “Click” Reaction of Azidoanthracene Derivatives.
Authors: Xie Fang , Sivakumar Krishnamoorthy , Zeng Qingbing , Bruckman Michael A. , Hodges Blake , Wang Qian
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: DABCO‐Catalyzed Efficient Synthesis of Naphthopyran Derivatives via One‐Pot Three‐Component Condensation Reaction at Room Temperature.
Authors: Balalaie Saeed , Ramezanpour Sorour , Bararjanian Morteza , Gross Juergen H.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐quinolones. Part 137. Synthesis, Structure, and Spectroscopic Characteristics of Diethyl 2,2′‐Dioxo‐1,2,3,4,1′,2′,3′,4′‐octahydro [4,4′]biquinolinyl‐3,3′‐dicarboxylate.
Authors: Ukrainets I. V. , Tkach A. A. , Kravtsova V. V. , Turov A. V.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Three‐Component Reaction of 3‐(Polyfluoroacyl)chromones with Active Methylene Compounds and Ammonium Acetate: Regioselective Synthesis of Novel RF‐Containing Nicotinic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Ya. , Irgashev Roman A. , Kodess Mikhail I.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bis‐ and Tris(arylethynyl)pyrimidine Oligomers: Synthesis and Light‐Emitting Properties.
Authors: Achelle Sylvain , Ramondenc Yvan , Dupas Georges , Ple Nelly
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Condensed Isoquinolines. Part 26. Oxidation Reactions of 6,11‐Dihydro‐13H‐isoquino[3,2‐b]quinazolin‐13‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Potikha L. M. , Kovtunenko V. A. , Tarasevich A. V.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Antagonists of the Human Adenosine A2A Receptor. Part 1. Discovery and Synthesis of Thieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidine‐4‐methanone Derivatives.
Authors: Jordan Allan M. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Studies on Bioactive Compounds. Part 41. Heck Reactions on 4‐Methylenepyrazolo[5,1‐c][1,2,4]triazines (VI).
Authors: Iwashita Eiichiro , Williams Huw E. L. , Hutchinson Ian , Stevens Malcolm F. G.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel One‐Pot Pseudo‐Five‐Component Synthesis of 4,5,6,7‐Tetrahydro‐1H‐1,4‐diazepine‐5‐carboxamide Derivatives.
Authors: Shaabani Ahmad , Maleki Ali , Mofakham Hamid , Moghimi‐Rad Jafar
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Novel Rearrangement Reaction: Synthesis of Benzo‐Medium‐Ring Anhydride.
Authors: Dong Wen‐Liang , Zhao Bao‐Xiang , Wei Fang , Zuo Hua , Shin Dong‐Soo
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.