bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Effects of Neurofeedback Course in Various Sports Adaptation Strategies: an Open Controlled Study
Authors: Lunina Natalya V. , Koryagina Yulia V. , Efimenko Nataliya V. , Ter-Akopov Gukas N. , Nopin Sergey V. , Akhkubekova Nelly K. , Ukhanova Olga P.
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION. Neurofeedback is effectively applied in clinical practice. Cardiovascular effects (CVEs) from different sports adaptation strategies in course-based β-rhythm neurofeedback are under-studied.
AIM. To evaluate the CVEs of the neurofeedback course under different sports adaptation strategies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study included 1020 men (18–21 years) during the preparatory training period. Following groups were formed: 1 — cyclic sports (n = 387); 2 — speed-strength sports (n = 255); 3 — single combat (n = 31); 4 — team sports (n = 173); 5 — complex coordination sports (n = 174). The CVEs were assessed with the BOSLAB complex (Russia), with eyes open and muscles relaxed. EEG electrodes were applied bipolarly (Cz-Fz). Session types: graphic (10 minutes), game (16 minutes), where the β-rhythm level was increased and maintained. Indices of systemic pressure, cardiac activity; peripheral vessels, functional changes of the cardiovascular system (CVS) were also examined.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Along with improved attention, the 10th session revealed positive CVEs in the 1st, 3rd, 4th and 5th groups with CVS economization. 1st group: CVEs are a desirable response option. 2nd group: ambiguous heterochronic CVEs, with improved systemic pressure and reduced cardiac activity, indices of peripheral vessels, cardiovascular regulation index. These effects, mainly in strength sports, are caused by the long-term sports adaptation strategy, associated with hypoxia and incomplete recovery of the spent resources, causing incomplete adaptation. It is associated with mastering the β-rhythm control skill, different in the nature from the activities with the formed adaptation strategy in the long-term training process. 3rd group (10th session): changes in the brain structure (BS) function formed CVEs involving mechanisms maintaining systemic pressure, regarded as optimal. 4th and 5th groups: optimized BS and CVEs activities.
CONCLUSION. The positive CVEs demonstrated expediency of the β-rhythm neurofeedback course. Ambiguous CVEs in groups of speed-strength sports are studied for neurofeedback technology modification.
Production of Porous Biochar from Cowdung and its Application
Authors: Singh Prachi , Kumar Rahul , Singh Avinesh , Sameer Md , S. Khodwe Manish
Published: May 2024

Porous activated carbon (PAC) powder is prepared from solid bio-waste - cow dung samples (CD). UV- Spectroscopy confirms the absorption rate of activated porous biochar at different concentration solutions(in ppm).The activation process is carried out by phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide treatment followed by calcination at different temperature condition. XRD pattern confirms the amorphous phase formation with graphitic nature for different precursor utilization. SEM analysis shows the uniform and hierarchical porous network formation and aggregated particle with tiny. X- ray analysis confirms the formation of graphitic carbon and porous morphology for sample activated at increased calcination temperature. The elemental composition of as prepared carbon samples is determined by SEM and confirms the formation major carbon content existence. The obtained product is observed for the dye removal process wherein the specific amount of PAC is added to the Methylene Blue(MB) dye solutions and the absorption rate is observed through uv-spectroscopy.
Application of Game Theory in Solving Urban Water Challenges in Ibadan-North Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Taiwo OLAJIDE Johnson , Adedamola AFOLABI Oluranti , Adetunji AJADI Ayodeji
Published: May 2024

The significance of water in human life cannot be ignored, but in most of the developing countries; availability, provision and access to good water source to the citizens has post major challenges. The nature of water scarcity has been majorly attributed to seasonal factor and high population pressure. This study therefore aimed at developing a practical approach and mechanism to solving water challenges in urban areas in Nigeria by means of game theory. The findings revealed that majority of respondents lack access to portable or drinkable water from water agency and that regular water supply sources have been traced to be borehole or well which was provided by citizens in the community at a cost. Applying the game theory approach, the outcome of the game indicates that the equilibrium value for the two players (the water agency and the residents) is N2,000 for 1,000 liters of water supply monthly. However, the payoff can be maiximised by every player (monetary values for the water agency and satisfactory water consumption for the residents). It is therefore importance that water agency should improve in the quality of their work in providing adequate water supply to the community to reduce or eradicate ailment arises from non availability of quality water.
A Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Teratogens Among the Husbands of Antenatal Mother Visiting Obstetrics and Gynecology OPD of Sharda Hospital, Greater Noida, Up
Authors: Barari Neha , Haokip Lamnunnem , . Deepika , . Dikshit , . Kashish , . Sanjana , . Pearl , . Anchal
Published: May 2024

Pregnancy is a stage of life, which gives new lives to individuals mother and her baby. This stage is very crucial for mother and her newborn just because of there and many factor to affect the life of the baby and causing the congenital abnormalities to the babies and among of all the factors there are factor called teratogens so, prevention of the teratogen is to be done and they are classified into to many types such as food, chemical, medicines etc. That’s why the spouses should’ve awareness about teratogens.  Aim: To assess the knowledge regarding the teratogen among husband of the antenatal mother, and to find association between knowledge regarding teratogens among the husband of antenatal mother.  Methodology To evaluate the knowledge of the husbands a quantitative research technique using a descriptive survey research design was used where 100 samples were taken which was utilized in study.  Result: The results shows the significant association between knowledge score of husband of the antenatal mother with demographic variables. At p<0.03 level of significance. Variables such as education, religion, types of family. number of children, family income, profession and previous knowledge about the teratogen are having the higher value than the p value which is non- significant.  Conclusion: The data was collected from the 100 sample through convenient questioner technique which shows there is no significant association found between knowledge score with selected background accept age.
A Study on Consumer Preference Buying Pattern Towards Amul Curd in Haridwar Uttarakhand
Authors: Mishra Prince , Kejriwal Charu
Published: May 2024

This master's thesis or dissertation “A study on consumer preference buying pattern towards Amul curd in Haridwar Uttarakhand”. Consumer preference towards Amul Curd in Haridwar Uttarakhand stand as center point of this comprehensive research focused on uncover the complex perceptions and preference within this deep market geography With a careful blend of qualitative and quantitative methodologies, This article examines the consumer buying preference towards Amul curd products. A questionnaire technique was adopted for data collection. Sample size taken in this is 100 consumers. The buying preference is positive which reveals that the buying preference of the consumers is high. The advertising strategies of the product can be improved to increase the sale of the company as much. Thus, the project concludes that the buying preference pattern of the consumers are very likely. The utilization of statistical tools such as t-tests analysis underscores the trial and finesse of this research endeavor. By me these analytical techniques, this study endeavors to not only uncover patterns and trends within the data but also to calculate its research objectives and hypotheses with original evidence. Through careful analysis and interpretation of results, this research focus to offer practical insights and strategic recommendations to top level management within the dairy industry and area. Formed into six’s chapters, the study advice a comprehensive analysis :1 Introduction, 2 Review of Literature, 3Consumer Attitudes towards Amul Curd,4 Analysis of Results and 5 Interpretations, and 6 Conclusions, Findings/Discussion & Recommendations.
Comparison, Simulation and Analytical Investigation of Voltage Current and Power Waveforms of the at Eight Different Combination Step-up and Step-down Single Phase Transformer
Authors: Taci M. Salih
Published: May 2024

This article investigates different currents, voltages and powers of four different step-down and four different step-up autotransformers fed sinusoidally for analytical and simulation conditions. In this paper, analytical modeling and equations for step-down and step-up autotransformer based on current point signal and voltage polarity are presented. A discussion based on their theoretical use is then presented in the simulation along with calculations regarding their power performances. These models are also validated by simulation results of current, voltage and power waveforms for each analytical case. PSpice program is used for this simulation.
Automatic Resume Quality Assessment
Authors: GY Nivedita , Prasoon Abhinav , Singh Ashutosh , M Gagan , Verma Jyoti
Published: May 2024

In the ever-evolving and competitive job market, presenting a compelling resume has become critical for job seekers to secure interviews and land their desired positions. However, manually reviewing and assessing a vast number of resumes can be a time- consuming and laborious task for re- cruiters, often leading to inefficiencies and potential biases in the hiring process. Automatic Resume Quality Assessment (ARQA) systems have emerged as promising solutions to address these challenges, leveraging the power of artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP) techniques to automate the resume evaluation process. This survey paper delves into the fascinating world of ARQA, providing a comprehensive overview of the existing approaches, techniques, challenges, and promisingfuture directions.
Formulation, Evaluation and Development of Herbal Handwash by Using Hingan Extract for Antimicrobial Activity (Balanite Aegyptiaca)
Authors: Balaso Khilare Manjusha , Vitthal Raskar Ankita , D. Thorat Sushma , Manish Pawar Shronavi , Amol Kadam Puja , Mohammadisak Bagwan Najiya , Rajendra Sonmale Amruta , Dinesh pavar Ankita
Published: May 2024

Bacterial infections are maximum not unusual among human beings, requiring full-size interest for treatment also preserving for wholesome pores and skin. a few herbal vegetation extract and their oil had been located to have antibacterial and antimicrobial pastime the purpose and goal of present examine are to formulate antimicrobial herbal hand wash the usage of Balanites aegyptiaca. The antimicrobial interest and the organized method become tested the use of agar nicely diffusion method (streak plate method) against organism E. coli and that they showcase appropriate antimicrobial activity. The prepared components became evaluated for numerous physicochemical parameters for which right traits have been found. The easy availability of plant and their effectiveness allows manufacturer with value effective benefits and with less or no facet results.
When cervical microglandular hyperplasia coincides with high-risk human papillomavirus infection: Diagnostic challenges and evidence
Authors: Abuzayed Bushra , Mohammed Ghada , Quadri Asif , Mousa Noha A.
Published: May 2024

Cervical microglandular hyperplasia (MGH) is a benign cervical lesion mimicking cervical malignancy, thereby making its pathogenesis diagnostically challenging for gynecologists and pathologists. While MGH is often associated with physiological or external hormonal factors, several cases remain unexplained. In this report, we present a case of a young primiparous woman without evident hormonal risk factors seeking gynecologic evaluation owing to abnormal vaginal discharge. During her clinical examination, we observed an irregular cervical lesion raising malignancy-related concerns and consequently planned a colposcopy. The human papillomavirus (HPV) polymerase chain reaction tested positive for two high-risk HPV genotypes (16 and 52), denoting that the patient did not have an HPV infection history. During colposcopy, we identified a friable papillary cervical mass at the transformation zone, bleeding significantly with minimal handling, from which we obtained multiple biopsies. Our subsequent histopathological examinations eventually confirmed the MGH diagnosis, ruling out malignancy. Intriguingly, a follow-up colposcopy 7 months later revealed the resolution of the initial cervical lesion, coinciding with negative HPV test and Pap smear cytology results. This case highlights the rare encounter of MGH concurrent with an initial high-risk HPV infection. Beyond a comprehensive review of related literature and clinical guidelines, we discuss the clinical and histopathological results in such a case.
Small airway disease: A new “phenotype” of obstructive airway disease
Authors: Patil Shital , Toshniwal Sham , Gondhali Gajanan
Published: May 2024

Small airways are usually defined as noncartilaginous airways with an internal diameter <2 mm. Robust data are available regarding small airway involvement in various obstructive airway diseases such as bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Small airway disease (SAD) can present as a starting point of emphysema, and in few cases, SAD can present with emphysema. Thus, SAD in COPD is a different phenotype along with emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Although bronchial asthma is a disease of large and medium size airways, small airway involvement has been documented in asthma in late stage. Involvement of small airways in asthma is a clinical clue toward the role of inhaled antimuscarinic therapy in this phenotype. Spirometry is a simple and cost-effective but less reliable test to diagnose SAD in comparison to impulse oscillometry. Inhalation therapy with small particle size aerosol long-acting beta-agonist plus inhaled corticosteroids is recommended for treatment of SAD. Targeting small airways in asthma and COPD with ultrafine particle-size inhaled medicines with antimuscarinic drugs will have a successful treatment outcome.
Role of interleukin-6 in COVID-19 pneumonia as marker of cytokine storm and predictor of course during hospitalization: Prospective, observational study in tertiary care setting in India
Authors: Patil Shital , Dhumal Uttareshvar , Acharya Abhijit
Published: May 2024

Background:

Robust data on interleukin-6 (IL-6) are available in bacterial infection as marker of inflammation, and now it can be utilized in currently ongoing coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pneumonia pandemic to guide treatment strategy as marker of inflammation.

Methods:

Prospective, observational, and 12 weeks’ follow-up study, included 2000 COVID-19 cases confirmed with reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. All cases were assessed with lung involvement documented and categorized on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) thorax, oxygen saturation (SpO2), IL-6 at the entry point, and follow-up. Age, gender, comorbidity, and bilevel positive airway pressure/noninvasive ventilation (BIPAP/NIV) use and outcome as with or without lung fibrosis as per CT severity. Statistical analysis is done by the Chi-square test.

Results:

In a study of 2000 COVID-19 pneumonia cases, age (<50 and >50 years) and gender have a significant association with IL-6. HRCT severity score at entry point has a significant correlation with IL-6 level (P < 0.00001) IL-6 level has a significant association with duration of illness (P < 0.00001). Comorbidities have a significant association with IL-6 level (P < 0.00001). IL-6 level has a significant association with SpO2 (P < 0.00001). BIPAP/NIV requirement has significant association with IL-6 level (P < 0.00001). Timing of BIPAP/NIV requirement during the course of hospitalization has significant association with IL-6 level (P < 0.00001). Follow-up IL-6 titer during hospitalization as compared to entry point abnormal IL-6 has significant association in post-COVID lung fibrosis (P < 0.00001). Follow-up IL-6 titer during hospitalization as compared to entry point normal IL-6 has significant association in post-COVID lung fibrosis (P < 0.00001). Follow-up IL-6 titer during hospitalization as compared to entry point abnormal IL-6 has significant association in predicting cytokine storm irrespective normal or abnormal of IL-6 at the entry point (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

IL-6 is sensitive and reliable marker of inflammation helped in predicting cytokine storm COVID-19 pneumonia by analyzing sequential titers. Il-6 has very important role in predicting severity of illness, progression of illness, and need for ventilatory support. Sequential IL-6 titers predicted course during hospitalization and final radiological outcome as post-COVID ling fibrosis or post-COVID sequelae.
Screening of VHL mutation in different types of kidney cancer in patients of West Bengal (India)
Authors: Jalan Vishal , Yadav Ravi Prakash , Das Madhusudan , Pal Dilip Kumar
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

The purpose of this study was to screen the patients of West Bengal (India) with different types of renal cancer to see the presence of von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) gene mutations.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective study included 25 patients with renal cancer operated on between December 2019 and January 2022. Tumor tissue and adjacent normal tissue samples were taken and subjected to genomic DNA isolation, polymerase chain reaction, DNA sequencing, and identification of polymorphism in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients by comparing with a database using “ENSEMBL” (genome browser) followed by the role of identified variants in disease-causing using different software.

Results:

After analysis, we identified six exonic and one intronic variant in the VHL gene. rs34661876 A>G, AG genotype in intron 2–3 has increased the risk of RCC against the odd 6.729 times (P = 0.0041). It is present in 17 out of 25 case samples. rs1642742 G>A, AA genotype in exon 3 has increased the risk of RCC against the odd 22.167 times (P = 0.0001). It is present in 14 out of 25 case samples. The effect of these Single nucleotide polymorphism SNPs/mutations on VHL function were predicted by various bioinformatics software and it was found that rs1399097617 C>T, rs5030830 T>C, and rs1553620326 G>C are disease-causing.

Conclusion:

If any of the above-mentioned variants are detected in RCC patients, then they will be benefited from the agents that modulate the VHL-hypoxia-inducible factor pathway and will help in developing new strategies for the management of RCC.
Solitary fibrous tumor of kidney
Authors: Khan Badre Alam , Gupta Naveen Kumar
Published: May 2024

Solitary fibrous tumor is a rare mesenchymal tumor usually described in the thoracic cavity. They may present in the genitourinary system with hematuria, enlarging abdominal mass and flank pain. Here, we report a case of 36-year-male patient with an incidental diagnosis of a left renal mass with histopathology and immunohistochemistry suggestive of a solitary fibrous tumor in a radical nephrectomy specimen.
Dysphagia in a young girl: A rare cause
Authors: Gokul Manjappillil Sabu , Singhania Pankaj , Dhar Abhranil , Sahana Pranab Kumar
Published: May 2024

The lingual thyroid (LT) gland is a rare clinical entity due to the failure of the thyroid gland to descend to its normal cervical location during embryogenesis. The presence of an ectopic thyroid gland located at the base of the tongue may present with symptoms such as dysphagia, dysphonia, upper airway obstruction, or even hemorrhage at any time from infancy through adulthood. The incidence of ectopic LT gland is reported as 1:100,000. It is more common in females. Most of the presentations are due to oropharyngeal obstruction, including dysphagia, dyspnea, and dysphonia. Investigations include thyroid function tests, neck ultrasonography, technetium scanning, computed tomography scan, or magnetic resonance imaging. We present the case of a 5-year-old girl who presented with LT and hypothyroidism treated with levothyroxine supplementation, planned for elective surgical resection.
Are there any abnormalities in lipid profile of post-COVID patients: A case–control study?
Authors: Paul Sritama , Paul Pritama , Mukhopadhyay Mousumi , Sarkar Niladri , Paul Uttam Kumar
Published: May 2024

Background:

It is well known that viral infections alter lipid metabolism in a way that promotes viral proliferation. Numerous studies have shown that people with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) have a significant impact on patients’ lipid profiles. To evaluate whether any lipid profile aberrations are still present in those who had COVID-19 infection more than 6 months ago, our purpose is to compare the lipid abnormalities in post-COVID patients to those in non-COVID patients.

Methods:

We have taken blood samples from 108 post-COVID-19 patients (cases) and 108 nonsmokers who are age- and sex-matched as controls. Using the blood sample, a lipid profile test was conducted to measure total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very LDL, and triglycerides.

Results:

Data analysis demonstrates that all of the results are statistically significant, with the exception of the LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) value, which is statistically nonsignificant.

Conclusion:

With the exception of the LDL-C value in post-COVID-19 individuals, we were able to identify noticeable alterations in lipid profiles. It is a fact that most investigations have found abnormalities in lipid profiles during the disease’s acute phase. Future studies must examine whether the lipid profiles of individuals after COVID-19 underwent any discernible changes with a larger sample size and a longer study period.
Vesiculobullous variant of Darier’s disease with flexural freckle-like macules: A rarer presentation of a rare disease
Authors: Neogi Subhamoy , Dey Pratik , Gayen Tirthankar , Sen Sumit
Published: May 2024

The bullous variant of Darier’s disease is a rare subtype and is often clinically and histologically similar to Hailey–Hailey disease (HHD). We report a case on similar lines of Darier’s disease presenting with dirty warty papules and freckle-like brownish macules in flexural distribution with vesiculobullous lesions, erosion, and crusting-like HHD.
Comparative evaluation between collagen membrane (PerioCol®) and periosteum membrane in the treatment of gingival recession defects of maxillary anterior teeth: a clinical study
Authors: Tyagi Aanchal , Tomar Nitin , Nazar Rana Mohd
Published: May 2024

Background:

The most common mucogingival defect is gingival recession (GR), which is characterized by apical displacement of the gingival margin from the cementoenamel junction and root exposure. Several techniques are available for treating GR and are collectively termed root coverage (RC) procedures. This study presents 3 months’ results of a randomized clinical trial comparing RC in areas of isolated GR by coronally advanced flap (CAF) with periosteum membrane and PerioCol® membrane.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty recession sites were selected for the study and further divided into two groups (Test group 1 [C AF + Periosteum membrane] and Test group 2 [CAF + Guided tissue regeneration membrane]) and completed the 3-month follow-up.

Result:

Satisfactory result obtained after three months in both the cases but CAF+Periosteum showed better and fast healing.

Conclusion:

Both treatment modalities showed a significant improvement in clinical parameters at 3 months postoperatively.
Ex vivo vaporization performance study of human prostate tissue using in-house designed thulium fiber laser
Authors: Maiti Krishnendu , Haldar Bikram , Pal Atasi , Gomes Vincent Akash , Pal Dilip Kumar
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Laser technologies including thulium, Holmium: Yttrium aluminum garnet (Ho: YAG), Potassium-titanyl-phosphate and diode laser have been explored in recent years for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. These thermal modalities impart their effect through ablative and coagulative mechanisms of action. Although Ho: YAG laser is a gold standard clinical tool in urology, its properties are not sufficient for cutting or coagulation of prostatic tissue. Thulium: YAG laser is a promising alternative laser but with limitations. The recent technological advancements in thulium fiber laser (TFL) provide various advantages along with a compact system for urosurgical applications. This paper depicts the work done in initial validation of an in-house designed TFL in ex vivo vaporization and vaporesection of human prostatic tissue. Comparison of its ablation rate and coagulation zone was done with the existing laser systems.

Methods:

An in-house designed TFL having maximum continuous wave (CW) power level of 70 W at 1.94 mm optical wavelength had been used for the ex vivo experiment on human prostatic tissue. The rate of tissue vaporization and zone of thermal coagulation were assessed.

Results:

The in-house made (CSIR-CGCRI, Kolkata, India) CW TFL used at power of 60 W at 1.94 mm was capable of providing tissue vaporization rate of 0.13–0.45 g/min with a thermal coagulation zone of 100 mm.

Conclusions:

In our study, the TFL was efficient in vaporization, vaporesection, and coagulation of the prostatic tissue under controlled circumstances. Compared to the existing laser systems, the TFL could be a new alternative in Endourology.
The islanded nasolabial flap for tongue reconstruction – Experience in our institute
Authors: Karanjai Subhadeep , Barman Debasis , Sengupta Arunabha
Published: May 2024

Background:

Oral cancer ranks in the top three of all cancers in India, which accounts for over thirty per cent of all cancers reported in the country. Tongue cancers make a significant percentage among the oral cancer burden. Unfortunately, patients rarely present to the surgeon with a tongue cancer lesion small enough for a primary closure. Hence we frequently need some type of flap for reconstruction of the tongue defect following ablative surgery. In defects that are not small enough for a primary closure as well as not big enough for a more bulky flap like the PMMC or the free ALT flap, the islanded nasolabial flap is of great use to the surgeon for tongue reconstruction and should be part of the reconstructive armamentarium of every oral cancer surgeon.

Aims and Objectives:

To assess the difference in post-operative speech results between patients having flap reconstruction versus patients having primary closure, and to assess the complications of islanded nasolabial flap reconstruction.

Materials and Methods:

Retrospective study of 6 months with 11 patients having islanded nasolabial flap reconstruction and 18 patients having primary reconstruction.

Results:

Post-operative speech results of patients with flap reconstruction were as good as those having primary closure.

Conclusions:

Islanded nasolabial flap may be a good option for reconstruction of carefully selected tongue defects.
Co-existing nephrolithiasis and mucinous adenocarcinoma of kidney: A case report
Authors: Soni Praveen Kumar , Chatterjee Souvik , Sarkar Debansu
Published: May 2024

Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis is a rare malignant disease and it is difficult to diagnose preoperatively. There are still no characteristic symptoms, radiological features, or standard treatment. The prognosis of mucinous adenocarcinoma is poor. We reported a case of a 62-year-old male patient with a long-standing history of kidney calculi with mucinous adenocarcinoma of kidney. The current literature is reviewed.
Rhino-cerebral mucormycosis storm during COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective study at urban tertiary care center
Authors: Chandanwale Shirish Sahebrao , Rashmi Rakesh Kumar , Randive Ruchi Samir , Buch Archana Chirag
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

The imminent threat has emerged in the form of COVID-19-associated opportunistic infections in India. Mucormycosis has been increasingly described in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. We attempted to study the epidemiological factors, clinical presentation, and outcome in such patients which have not been well described.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 47 patients diagnosed with mucormycosis infection in tissue sections of patients with a history of COVID-19 disease were included in the study. A detailed clinical history including radiological and microbiological findings was retrieved from the case sheets. Histopathology slides were reviewed and correlated with clinical findings.

Results:

The males were commonly affected than females. The most common age group for females was slightly more than males. Out of 47 patients of mucormycosis, 37 (78.72%) have associated diseases. The 29 were known patients of diabetes mellitus, of which 16 patients had also associated hypertension. Thirty-nine patients received steroids during the hospital stay. Treatment with steroids and hyperglycemia were the most common risk factor for mucormycosis in post-COVID-19 disease.

Discussion:

Apart from severe COVID-19 disease, treatment with steroids, and hyperglycemia, other possible factors for mucormycosis include immune dysregulation and hyperferritinemia. Early diagnosis and treatment are the keys for the reduction of morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis of mucormycosis requires expertise and interdisciplinary co-ordination. Craniofacial pain in patients with a history of severe COVID-19 disease, a diagnosis of mucormycosis must be suspected.

Conclusion:

Early diagnosis of mucormycosis.
Emphysematous pyelonephritis: An assessment of prognostic factors and the role of early pigtail drainage
Authors: Choudhury Sunirmal , Gaur Shantanu
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

The management of emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN), a necrotizing renal infection, has shifted from more invasive to less invasive approach in due course of time with decrease or reduction in mortality rate.

Aim:

To analyze the clinical spectrum, prognostic factors, different management strategies, and the outcome of the patients of EPN with the role of early pigtail drainage.

Materials and Methods:

The study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital from January 2016 to December 2021 and included patients who were diagnosed with EPN. The data on the demographic profile, clinical features, biochemical parameters, imaging studies, management, and outcome of patients of EPN were recorded.

Results:

A total of 51 patients of EPN were studied and were divided into two groups, responders (40 patients) and nonresponders (11 patients), based on their clinical progression and outcome. Among responders and nonresponders, a significant difference was seen in terms of age, presentation of altered consciousness and shock, average hemoglobin, average serum creatinine, and presence of thrombocytopenia. Out of total 51 patients, 13 (25.49%) showed a response with antibiotics only, DJ stenting was done in five (9.8%) patients, and pigtail catheterization in 33(64.7%) patients. There was a significant difference seen in the response with early pigtail drainage. Nephrectomy was needed in eight (15.68%) patients, and the mortality rate was 9.8%, with the death of five patients.

Conclusion:

Advanced age, lower hemoglobin levels, thrombocytopenia, raised serum creatinine levels, altered mental status, and presence of shock can be used as a score for poor prognosis. With the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and early pigtail drainage, a large number of patients with EPN can be managed effectively. Nephrectomy should be reserved for patients who fail to respond to conservative management or those with advanced disease with the presence of multiple risk factors.
Effectiveness of BCG in recurrent non-muscle invasive bladder tumor: A 10 year retrospective study from a tertiary care centre
Authors: Gupta Naveen Kumar , Gupta Piyush
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Cancer-a term a word used to be so rare five decades back that people didn’t even know about this but now it has become so common and rampant and interestingly can be compared to a devil whose size seems to be increasing progressively. Even after so much advancement in medical science we have not been able to catch its tail. Urinary Bladder one of the very common cancer in our urological domain with its subtype non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) having high recurrence and progression rates has become very interesting subject for research.

Such features led investigators to study the use of drugs to prevent this, out of which Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) has been successfully used as an intra vesical therapy to prevent recurrence and progression in NMIBC for more than four decades.

Materials and Methods:

In our study we have analyzed 111 patients retrospectively with only recurrent urinary bladder tumor irrespective of treatment received in the past. After completion Trans Urethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and re-staging TURBT to substantiate the stage, induction and maintenance course of intravesical BCG was given according to Lamm protocol & the impact of this therapy was studied in regards to recurrence free, progression free, cystectomy free & overall survival rates.

Result:

Out of 111 patients, sixty percent of patient remained disease free, 19 patients had stage progression, nine patients underwent radical cystectomy and there was three cancer specific death.

Conclusion:

Despite BCG being the gold standard treatment for NMIBC, still intense research is required as there is a wide dark area of BCG failure.
Taking a stand against agism: Appeal to the policymakers
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh
Published: May 2024

Globally, people are living longer with the speed of aging is quite quicker than what was observed in earlier decades. The findings of a recently released report suggest that negative attitudes toward older people are widely prevalent and even have been associated with hazardous impacts on their physical and mental health. The need of the hour is to stop labeling people as elderly and discriminating them or associating some things just due to their age factor. At the same time, there is a great need to address the prevailing negative attitude of health-care professionals toward the elderly. In fact, a global strategy has been formulated and adopted by the member states of the World Health Organization to combat aging successfully by 2030. To conclude, to have more prosperous, equitable, and healthier societies in the future, it is high time to stop categorizing people based on their age and this can happen only when ageist prejudices are eliminated forever.
The epidemiological and clinical features of monkeypox in human: Present global status and future management in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Taimur , Harun Anas Bin , Al Bayazid Abdullah , Sultana Shahnaz , Meher Mirza Mienur , Talukder Anup Kumar , Haider Md. Golam
Published: May 2024

A recent outbreak of the pandemic monkeypox has posed a deep concern to human health just following the devastating outbreak of COVID-19. The monkeypox-infected patient was detected in England on May 7, 2022. Here, we aimed to describe the epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and diagnosis of monkeypox with the global responses to tackle this dreadful disease, particularly on how Bangladesh can deal with this disease having limited resources. To date, a total of 85,158 people are officially reported as monkeypox infected with 88 deaths. To combat this disease, various steps have been taken globally such as diagnosis of the suspected cases, vaccination programs, antiviral drug therapy, frequent reporting of the cases, restrictions on animal trade, quarantine of suspected people, isolation of infected patients, increase public awareness, and global collaboration. Moreover, we attempted to provide some guidelines to restrict this deadly disease in Bangladesh, highlighting the current challenges of this disease.
Coexisting pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula following percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Authors: Dey Pankaj Kanti , Gupta Naveen Kumar
Published: May 2024

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a common and safe treatment for large kidney stones.Though several complications are reported.Renal hemorrhage is the most common complication after PCNL with a incidence of 11.2% to 17.5%.There have been reports of post PCNL bleeding attributable to AV fistulas and pseudoaneurysms. Massive bleeding can occur in the early postoperative period (2 to 14 days after PCNL), and arteriovenous fistula formation as a late complication usually 6 weeks after PCNL. A 45 yrs old gentleman presented with bilateral flank pain,right sided prone PCNL done. Then presented with post PCNL hematuria, angioemblosation done twice but again developed hematuria and diagnostic angiography done, and diagnosed as A-V fistula and coiling done. No post operative complications were seen. Angiography is the preferred method and has advantages as it can detect vascular lesions and immediately treated once they are detected.Early diagnosis and treatment of post PCNL hematuria is warrented to reduce morbidity and a successful outcome.
Thyroid-like follicular carcinoma of kidney
Authors: Tripathi Chandranshu , Gupta Naveen Kumar , Pal Dilip Kumar
Published: May 2024

Renal cancer resembling thyroid-like tumor of the kidney is extremely rare. This type of renal tumor shows the morphologic features that resemble follicular carcinoma of thyroid. In our case, a 62-year-male patient presented with flank pain with all blood parameters in normal range. Chest X-ray were normal, contrast enhanced computed tomography report showed well defined hyperdense lesion of size 26 mm × 21 mm showing homogenous enhancement (hu 46–126 from pre to post contrast) noted in lower pole of right kidney. Patient underwent radical nephrectomy, histopathological examination suggestive of thyroid-like follicular carcinoma with IHC markers as TTF1-negative, CK7-negative, and PAX8-negative. Patient was referred to Department of Radiotherapy for further management. Immunohistochemical staining studies in the literatures showed that this tumor consistently expressed the transcription factor PAX-8 but did not express the thyroid-specific antibodies TG and TTF-1. Most tumors with diameters of more than 4 cm or associated with invasive growth or distant metastasis are treated mainly with radical nephrectomy, combined with the corresponding regional lymph node dissection. Surgical treatment is still the preferred therapeutic method. The disease seems to have a good prognosis.
Selective Attention to Environmental Justice by International Cooperative Initiatives for Biodiversity and Climate
Authors: Bragadóttir Ester Alda Hrafnhildar , Lehmann Ina , Grosinger Julia , Negacz Katarzyna
Published: May 2024

The relevance of environmental justice in global biodiversity and climate governance has increased as stakeholders’ unequal affectedness by environmental action is becoming ever more obvious. International Cooperative Initiatives (ICIs) play an ever increasing role in addressing global environmental change and biodiversity loss. Yet, the consideration of demands of environmental justice by these non-state or hybrid actors is still under-explored. Informed by a three-pillar environmental justice framework comprising distributive, procedural, and recognition justice, we use content analysis to identify if and how these different pillars are presented on the websites and in the key publications of a sample of 53 ICIs. A majority of these ICIs include references to environmental justice and its different pillars in their description of their work. But environmental justice seems to be neither a central concern nor are the references very nuanced. Distributive justice receives the most attention, whereas aspects of procedural and recognition justice receive less attention. To better anchor environmental justice within global biodiversity and climate governance, we encourage ICIs to thoroughly integrate environmental justice in operational work and to integrate and establish ongoing dialogues with marginalised groups.
Molecular landscape of glucose metabolism in glioblastoma and the normal human brain: A narrative review
Authors: Shah Parth , Pallavali Roja Rani , Guda Dinneswara Reddy
Published: May 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive tumors known to occur in the brain. Metabolism is one of the driving factors enabling the successful proliferation of tumor cells, thus increasing the tumor mass. Tumor metabolism is now recognized as a major hallmark of oncogenesis. Since the brain largely relies on its glucose supply for growth, glucose metabolism significantly contributes to oncogenesis in brain cancers. Here, we review the major metabolic pathways seen in normal brain physiology in addition to the Warburg effect, aberrant tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation observed in GBM. We highlight the important differences in glucose metabolism between the normal and cancerous environments. In addition, we provide insights into lactate shuttling, the pentose phosphate pathway, and immune interactions with glucose metabolism, which drive the nutritional pathways in both the normal and cancerous environment.
A Comparative Cross-sectional Study to Evaluate Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System and Fine-needle Aspiration Cytology in Predicting Benign and Malignant Nature of Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Harikrishnan M. , Kumar Sampath
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Thyroid ultrasound (US) should be performed in the initial assessment of the gland. The fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an inexpensive and useful tool for detecting thyroid cancer. In the management of thyroid nodule patients, recommending who should be submitted to FNAC is still controversial.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the US-based Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) scoring system is reliable in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid nodules when compared to FNAC and its practical application in clinical decision-making.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 59 patients having solitary thyroid nodules were studied over 20 months. Thyroid function tests, US and FNAC of the thyroid were done. Using US, the thyroid nodule was evaluated for five sonological features: internal composition, echogenicity, margins, presence and type of calcification and shape of the lesion. The nature of the lesion was assessed based on the TI-RADS score calculated from the five US parameters. This result, along with FNAC, which was reported using The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology was finally compared with the histopathology reports.

Results:

When the suspicious sonological features were evaluated, the presence of solid components and taller-than-wide shapes was found to be maximum sensitive but less specific. Specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were found to be maximum for the presence of microcalcification and presence of hypoechogenicity. The sensitivity of TI-RADS to detect malignancy was higher (100%) than FNAC (66.7%). The specificity of TI-RADS to detect malignancy was lower (36.2%) as compared to FNAC.

Conclusion:

TI-RADS can be used to avoid unnecessary fine-needle aspirations. It helps in decreasing confusion and assists in deciding when FNAC should be performed. TI-RADS is cost-effective and has a vital role in the initial evaluation and investigation of patients presenting with solitary nodules of the thyroid. Moreover, it is simple to use, reliable and easily reproducible.
Spontaneous Perinephric Abscess with Atypical Mycobacteria: An Entity to Ponder
Authors: Boda Bharath Kumar , Gurugubelli Krishna Rao , Darsan S Lal , Krishnamoorthy H.
Published: May 2024

Although chronic pulmonary disease due to atypical mycobacteria also known as non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections are recognised with increasing frequency, very few cases of primary urinary involvement with this organism have been reported. It is important to distinguish between simple colonisation by these organisms and actual infection caused by them. Differentiation between NTM infection and urinary tuberculosis is also important in determining the therapeutic regimen. We present the report of a case of perinephric abscess produced by NTM in a healthy male individual.
Pelatihan Kewirausahaan Dalam Meningkatkan Peluang Bisnis Generasi Z Di Era 5.0 Pada Siswa MA Kecamatan Bengkalis
Authors: Ishak Khodijah , Isa Muhammad , Nurmahadi Nurmahadi , Hamdi Muhammad , Mustafa Hakim , Haikal Fikri , Manalu Riando , Putra Daspan Maulidin Sukma
Published: May 2024

Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberikan pelatihan kewirausahaan sebagai peluang wirausaha bagi generasi Z, dalam hal ini siswa MA Al-Huda. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini menggunakan metode diskusi dan simulasi. Sasaran utama dari kegiatan ini adalah para generasi muda atau generasi Z yang sedang menempuh Pendidikan di MA AL-Huda. Jumlah mahasiswa yang mengikuti kegiatan ini adalah 70 orang peserta. Kegiatan ini dilakukan melalui sesi offline. Kegiatan ini membahas mengenai jenis-jenis wirausaha seperti online shop reseller, dropshipper, usaha kuliner dan kebutuhan dasar bisnis lainnya. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk membentuk intensi kewirausahaan berupa timbulnya keinginan diantara para peserta program pelatihan untuk memulai dan mengembangkan bisnis serta melihat peluang usaha lain yang bisa dijalankan. Adapun hasil dalam pengabdian ini adalah Generasi Z teropsesi untuk mengunakan peluang yang ada untuk mengembangkan bisnis dengan memanfaatkan hasil alam yang ada di desa Penampi, namun generasi Gen Z tidak langsung berwirausaha saat diberikan materi karena keterbatasan modal dan pengetahuan bisnis.
Pembinaan Jiwa Wirausaha Pada Generasi Z Di Madrasah Aliyah Darusalam Pematang Duku Timur Kabupaten Bengkalis
Authors: Nurmahadi Nurmahadi , Isa Muhammad , Ishak Khodijah , Mashuri Mashuri , Susilawati Susilawati , Azlan M. , Cahya Ahmad Nur , Cahyati Wan Tuti , Sakbaniah Nur , Triawan Jayu , Kholid Idham
Published: May 2024

Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberikan motivasi pembinaan jiwa wirausaha terhadap generasi Z untuk siswa dan siswi Madrasah Aliyah Daarusalam Pematang Duku Timur Kecamatan Bengkalis, Kabupaten Bengkalis. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode seminar pembinaan wirausaha dengan empat tahap yakni tahap persiapan dengan observasi diskusi dan wawancara, kemudian tahap pelaksanaan dengan melaksanakan seminar pembinaan dan pemberian materi tentang generasi Z dan Revolusi industry, pentingnya berwirausaha kiat kiat berwirausaha, kemudian tahap evaluasi dan penyusunan laporan pengabdian. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa motivasi generasi Z mengalami peningkatan setelah dilaksanakan seminar pembinaan jiwa wirausaha, sebanyak 83 persen peserta termotivasi dari kegiatan ini. Kemudian terakhir adalah tahap keberlanjutan yang akan dilaksanakan berdasarkan hasil evaluasi yang dilakukan dan pelaporan hasil pengabdian masyarakat.