bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Students' Critical Thinking Skills in Dynamic Electrical Material
Authors: Misbah Misbah , Mahtari Saiyidah , Wati Mustika , Harto Muhdi
Published: March 2020

Student learning achievement does not only depend on students' ability to solve problems. Learning achievement also depends on the suitability of the good questions, so the questions need to be tested for empirical validity. This study aims to analyze the problem of critical thinking skills. The research method is quantitative descriptive method. The subjects of the trial were 32 students of class XII IPA in high school in the city of Banjarmasin. The technique of collecting data uses a test of critical thinking skills. The results of the research data are processed using the RASCH model with the Winstep program to obtain information related to infit, outfit, and undimensionality items. The results showed that with the mean MNSQ OUTFIT criteria of 1.07, ZSTD OUTFIT 0, reliability based on item separation was 1.78 with special categories and proved to be fit tests with the model. The reliability of the question using apron cronbach is 0.64. Based on the RASCH analysis there are 3 questions that are outliert. The results of the study show that critical thinking skills in dynamic electrical material can be used with improvement.
Analysis of Science Process Skills for Student in Basic Physics Course
Authors: Saparini Saparini , Andriani Nely , Pasaribu Abidin
Published: March 2020

The low cognitive learning outcomes and science process skills of students encourage the need for learning that not only emphasizes learning outcomes but also the learning process. The purpose of the research is to (1) find out the profile of science process skills of students when attending basic physics practicum lectures, and (2) to find out the most dominant science process skills in students while attending basic physics practicum lectures. The research method used is descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The subject of this study was chosen by purposive sampling and obtained by students of the 2017/2018 academic year Physics Education study program FKIP Sriwijaya University. The research data was collected using documentation techniques, observation, and interviews. The data obtained is then processed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, data analysis, and conclusion drawing. Data analysis was carried out descriptively, so as to increase trust in the results of the study triangulation of data collection techniques was conducted. The research that has been done obtained results that (1) science process skills of students while following the basic physics practicum lectures in the high category that is equal to 68.1%; (2) the dominant science process skills namely observing skills of 91.0% are very high categories and measure 91.1% in very high categories. The results of the study illustrate that the implementation of basic physics practicums still needs improvement to train students' science process skills.
Analysis of the Ability of High School Students in Solving Science Literacy Questions Based on the Rasch Model
Authors: Mahtari Saiyidah , Misbah Misbah , Suryati Suryati
Published: March 2020

This study aims to describe aspects of students 'abilities in solving problems of students' scientific literacy problems based on the RASCH model. This research uses descriptive quantitative research design with survey research methods. The research subjects were 33 students of class XII IPA 2 of SMAN 6 Banjarmasin. Data collection techniques were carried out by using a scientific literacy test consisting of 9 items about the description of dynamic electrical matter. The results of the research data were analyzed using the RASCH model using the Winstep program to obtain logit values. The results showed that the average student logit value was 1.75 logit, this value was less than 0.0 logit. This indicates that students' ability to solve scientific literacy questions is still low, so students need to be trained in scientific literacy through classroom learning.
Development of Science Module Based on Disaster Mitigation Based on Disaster Mitigation Using Eruption Software
Authors: Zainudin Zainudin , Widjayanti Rica
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to produce a science module based on disaster mitigation using eruption software. This research is a research and development following the steps of developing the ADDIE model including analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. Data collection techniques using the validation sheet of science modules and data analysis techniques using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the science content validation module based on disaster mitigation using eruption software have a very valid and reliable category and can be used with minor revisions or without revisions in science learning.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE O DANO MORAL EM CASOS DE VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA COMETIDA CONTRA A MULHER A PARTIR DO RECURSO ESPECIAL REPETITIVO N. 1.675.874/MS
Authors: Bonna Alexandre Pereira , De Souza Luanna Tomaz , Teixeira Leal Pastora do Socorro
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo aborda a contribuição do julgamento do Superior Tribunal de Justiça no Recurso Especial Repetitivo (REsp) n. 1675874/MS ao instituto do dano moral no contexto específico da violência doméstica, bem como a interface da Lei Maria da Penha (Lei 11.340/06) com a categoria do dano na responsabilidade civil, explicando o modo pelo qual ojuiz criminal pode fixar um valor indenizatório a título de indenização por dano moral em casos de violência doméstica. Além disso, apresenta uma síntese das razões de decidir relativas ao Recurso Especial Repetitivo n. 1675874/MS. Por fim, diante do conteúdo da referida decisão, a pesquisa apresenta reflexão sobre o impacto desta no tocante: a) aos bens jurídicos em jogo nos casos de violência doméstica, aptos a promover a correta identificação do dano moral indenizável; b) aos critérios de quantificação do valor da indenização por dano moral; c) às funções da responsabilidade civil; e d) à (des) necessidade de dano-prejuízo para estabelecer o dever de indenizar.
O VALOR DA CAUSA NAS AÇÕES COMPENSATÓRIAS POR DANO MORAL
Authors: Fernandes de Almeida Andréia , Marca da Rocha Luiz Augusto Castello Branco de Lacerda , Leal Filpo Klever Paulo
Published: March 2020

A pesquisa que deu origem a este texto foi realizada por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica e legislativa a respeito da introdução, no Código de Processo Civil Brasileiro de 2015, da determinação para que o autor da ação cível indique, na petição inicial, o valor pleiteado a título de indenização por dano moral. Tal imposição tem repercussão na atribuição do valor da causa, para todos os efeitos legais, e termina por inibir o ajuizamento de ações compensatórias. O texto explora a controvérsia que surgiu a partir dessa disposição legal, apontando argumentos contrários e favoráveis. Também pretende colocar sob discussão areferida inovação legislativa, ponderando entre os seus prós e contras, a partir da revisão de textos publicados sobre o tema desde a entrada em vigor do referido Código combinada com o exame de algumas decisões do STJ. Pretende-se suscitar reflexões a respeito do tema, colocando em contraposição a proposta de política legislativa que pretende, em certa medida, inibir o ajuizamento de ações indenizatórias de valor exagerado ou mesmo descabidas, mas que, por outro lado, pode representar um enfraquecimento do direito a uma justa e completa reparação de qualquer dano, inclusive do dano moral, ante à ausência de critérios objetivos aptos a permitir a sua valoração, a priori.
A QUANTIFICAÇÃO DO DANO NA AUSÊNCIA DE CONSENTIMENTO LIVRE E ESCLARECIDO DO PACIENTE
Authors: Neto Miguel Kfouri
Published: March 2020

Ao lado do dever de tratar o paciente e agir segundo as leges artis, o médico deve obter o seu consentimento livre e esclarecido, que é um processo de comunicação entre ambos (informações sobre diagnóstico, prognóstico, alternativas, riscos e benefícios do tratamento), resultando numa decisão inteligente do paciente sobre a intervenção médica no seu próprio corpo. Na responsabilidade civil médica, a fixação daindenização pela ausência de consentimento livre e esclarecido é operação inçada de dificuldades, pois o dano não é causado por má prática médica, mas sim pela ausência do consentimento. Indeniza-se o dano moral gerado por privar-se o paciente de sua capacidade de autodeterminação. Por isso, o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar alguns critérios e etapas a serem observados na valoração do dano pela ausência de consentimento livre e esclarecido do paciente, por meio de análise doutrinária e jurisprudencial nacionais e estrangeiras.
CLÁUSULAS DE NÃO RESTITUIR VERSUS CLÁUSULAS DE NÃO INDENIZAR
Authors: Da Guia Silva Rodrigo
Published: March 2020

O escopo central do presente artigo consiste na investigação da autonomia dogmática das cláusulas excludentes ou limitativas do dever de restituir (sinteticamente denominadas “cláusulas de não restituir”) face às cláusulas excludentes ou limitativas do dever de indenizar (“cláusulas de não indenizar”). Parte-se da premissa metodológica referente à análisefuncional das obrigações no direito civil, a possibilitar o reconhecimento dos regimes jurídico-obrigacionais gerais atinentes às funções desempenhadas por cada obrigação (funções executória, reparatória e restitutória). Abordam-se, na sequência, os denominados “efeitos da resolução contratual”, de modo a se investigar a possibilidade de qualificação do denominado “efeito restitutório” como hipótese deenriquecimento sem causa, especificamente na modalidade de ausência superveniente de causa. Ainda a propósito dos efeitos jurídicos deflagrados pela resolução contratual, busca-se delimitar a distinção entre as obrigações de restituição do equivalente, de indenização das perdas e danos e de execução pelo equivalente. A partir das considerações então desenvolvidas, aventam-se algumas perspectivas de diferenciação funcional entre as “cláusulas de não restituir” e as “cláusulas de não indenizar”, com particular enfoque para a qualificação das cláusulas dedecaimento.
A NECESSIDADE DE UM VERDADEIRO OLHAR CONSTITUCIONAL SOBRE A AÇÃO DE REPARAÇÃO DE DANOS IMATERIAIS
Authors: Lutzky Daniela Courtes
Published: March 2020

O sentimento da insuficiência do Direito Civil para regular os danos oriundos da violação dos direitos de personalidade é o argumento para quem defende que os institutos de que dispõe até o momento o Direito Civil não conseguiram coibir nem reduzir a prática de novos ilícitos. Muito se resolve quando se aceita que aquestão radica no fato de que a Constituição Federal tem um grau mais elevado na hierarquia das normas do que o Direito Privado. O decisivo é saber qual é o modo mais seguro de garantir a aplicação e a efetividade da ação de reparação de danos, em especial dos imateriais, e se um olhar verdadeiramente constitucional sobre o tema nãomuda a problemática.
DESAFIOS DA RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL NAS RELAÇÕES FAMILIARES: REDES SOCIAIS E OS MÉTODOS ADEQUADOS DE SOLUÇÃO DE CONFLITOS
Authors: Multedo Renata Vilela
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo pretende abordar a incidência da responsabilidade civil do direito brasileiro nas relações familiares, especificamente na  exposição da infidelidade nas redes sociais, pela óptica do descumprimento dos deveres conjugais e convivenciais; bem como os limites daheteronomia dos pais e do Estado no monitoramento dos filhos/alunos nas redes sociais em razão da divulgação de conteúdo íntimo de terceiros e do cyberbullying. Para tanto, pretende-se realizar uma análise dos remédios tradicionais utilizados pela responsabilidade civil, no que tange areparação dos danos e a resolução dos conflitos familiares e sociais. Sob esse prisma, aborda-se como a utilização dos métodos alternativos de resolução de conflitos tem se mostrado mais adequada na busca da pacificação social.
RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL E TERCEIRIZAÇÃO: UM NECESSÁRIO DIÁLOGO ENTRE DIREITO CIVIL E DIREITO DO TRABALHO
Authors: Rodovalho Thiago
Published: March 2020

Este artigo visa a analisar a exegese do Código Civil art. 932 inc. III na terceirização, é dizer, quando e como é possível a extensão da responsabilidade civil objetiva e solidária prevista no aludido artigo ao contrato de prestação de serviços por terceirizada. Nesse contexto, defendemos a necessidade de que haja «relação de subordinação» entre o agente causador do dano e o terceiro a quem se pretende imputar a aludida responsabilização. Na ausência desse vínculo de subordinação, essa extensão não é juridicamente admissível.
MONÎRÛ REVÂNÎPÛR’UN FOLKLORİK ESERİ KENÎZÛ ADLI KİTABININ TAHLİLİ
Authors: YILDIRIM Serpil
Published: March 2020

Çağdaş İran Edebiyatı, edebî ustalık ve deha sahibi yazarların ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte benzersiz bir değişim ve olgunlaşma evresi geçirmiştir. 40/60’lı yılları kapsayan bu değişim evresinde, hikâyeciliğin, artık zamanı gelen toplumcu, yöresel ve köy edebiyatı gibi yeni yönleri konusundaki edebi maslahatların temelleri atılmıştır. Artık Tahran’ın bütün İran’ı tanıtması mümkün olmadığından yazarlar, farklı yaşam tarzlarını incelemek üzere İran’ın bilinmedik bölgeleri üzerinde durmuşlardır. İşte Çağdaş İran edebiyatının önemli kadın simalarından Monîrû Revânîpûr da şehirli halkın ilgisini, ülkenin uzak düşmüş bölgelerindeki insanların yaşam tarzına çekmek için dokuz kısa öyküden oluşan Kenîzû kitabında, halk inanışlarına ve İran’ın Güney halkının bölgesel ve yöresel kültür unsurlarına sıkça yer vermiştir. Yazarın, adı geçen kitabındaki bütün öykülerinde, özellikle kendisinin de doğup büyüdüğü Cofre kasabası halkının ya da belirli bir topluluğun dilden dile, ağızdan ağıza ve nesilden nesile ulaşan gelenek ve göreneklerinden, oyunlarından ve meşguliyetlerinden, efsanelerinden, hikâyelerinden, darbımesellerinden, çeşitli batıl inanç ve hurafelerinden, şarkılarından, şen şakrak türkülerinden ve yaslarından söz edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, güneyli yazarın hayatına ve eserlerine kısaca değinildikten sonra halkın günlük sorunlarının ve güney toplumunun yaygın gelenek ve göreneklerinin anlatıldığı Kenîzû kitabındaki hikâyeler tahlil edilecek ve tahlil edilen hikâyelerde yazarın çizdiği kadın-erkek karakterleri belirlenecektir.
Selection of Root-Knot Nematod Resistance in Inbred Tomato Lines Using CAPS Molecular Markers
Authors: SECGİN Zafer , ARVAS Yunus Emre , SSENDAWULA Simon Peter , KAYA Yilmaz
Published: March 2020

Tomato root-knot nematode, is one of the most
important disease agents in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum).  A practical and effective method for
controlling this disease is by means of tomato genotypes with resistance genes
against this disease.  Tomato plants are offered resistance to root-knot
nematode by Mi gene. Phenotypically observing genetic lines in terrestrial
conditions is difficult and time consuming due to concerns about the transfer
of this agent to other plants and their stability. By using the molecular
markers related to resistance genes, this problem can be avoided and the
selection efficiency can be increased. In this project, 34 inbred lines were
tested using 1 CAPS marker associated with Mi gene, resistant and susceptible
genotypes were identified.  In the study,
34 genotypes were not found to be homozygous resistant (MI / MI) genotypes
whereas 7 genotypes were found to be heterozygous resistant (MI / mi) and 27
genotypes (mi / mi)homozygous susceptible. As a result of this study, root-knot
nematode is the basis for developing resistant varieties.
Bitki Probiyotik Bakteriler: Bitkiler Üzerindeki Rolleri ve Uygulamalar
Authors: KÜÇÜK Çiğdem
Published: March 2020

Artan nüfus dolayısıyla hayvansal ve bitkisel besin maddelerine karşı yüksek talep, toprak verimliliğinin korunması üzerine endişelerin artması sonucu kimyasal gübrelere alternatif arayışları başlatmıştır. Bitki probiyotik bakteriler, kimyasal gübrelerin kullanımını azaltarak, çevre korunmasına odaklanmıştır. Bitki probiyotik bakteriler, gelişmeyi teşvik eden ve kök bölgesinde kolonize olan toprak bakterileridir. Bitkinin bitki probiyotik bakterilerin belirli suşları ile aşılanması, bitkinin kök ve sürgünlerin gelişimi üzerine doğrudan etki etmektedir, biyokütle üretimini arttırmaktadır. Bu bakteriler ayrıca, ürün kalitesinin artmasına da yardımcı olmaktadırlar. Bu nedenle, bitki probiyotik bakteriler olarak adlandırılan bu mikroorganizmalar, biyogübre olarak kullanımları ile dünya nüfusunun sürdürülebilmesi için gıda ve yemin üretimine katkıda bulunacak çevre dostu olarak tanımlanmışlardır. Bu derlemede, bitki probiyotik bakteriler olarak rizobakterilerin bitki gelişimi üzerindeki mekanizmaları özetlenmiştir
Yozgat İli Hayvansal Kaynaklı Atıkların Biyogaz ve Enerji Potansiyellerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: TAŞOVA Muhammed , YAZAREL Serkan
Published: March 2020

Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından biri olan biyogaz hem kullanım avantajı hem de ülkemizdeki ham madde kaynakları açısından önemli potansiyele sahiptir. Ülkemizde organik kökenli (bitkisel, hayvansal, evsel ve kanalizasyon) atıklardan elde edilebilecek biyogaz enerjisi potansiyelinin ortalama % 40‘ını kullanmaktayız. Bu durum mevcut biyogaz potansiyelinin daha etkin bir şekilde kullanılması ve enerji dar boğazının azaltılması için bir fırsat olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada; Yozgat iline ait Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) 2013-2017 yılları arasındaki hayvan sayısı (Büyükbaş, küçükbaş ve kümes) verileri kullanılarak yıllara göre yaş atık (ton/yıl), kuru madde (ton/yıl), biyogaz (m³/yıl), ısı (GJ/m3 .yıl) ve elektrik enerjisi (kWh/yıl) değerleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre büyükbaş hayvanlarından kuru madde ve biyogaz enerji potansiyeli 2013 yılında belirlenirken, küçükbaş ve kümes hayvanlarından ise en fazla 2015 yılında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İncelenen yıllar arasında toplam hayvansal kaynaklı kuru madde ve biyogaz potansiyel değerleri en fazla 2013 yılında belirlenmiş olup sırasıyla; 420.988 ton kuru madde ve 13.892,63 m3 biyogaz potansiyeline sahip olduğu hesaplanmıştır.
HATS-47b, HATS-48Ab, HATS-49b, and HATS-72b: Four Warm Giant Planets Transiting K Dwarfs*
Authors: Hartman J. D. , Jordán Andrés , Bayliss D. , Bakos G. Á. , Bento J. , Bhatti W. , Brahm R. , Csubry Z. , Espinoza N. , Henning Th. , Mancini L. , Penev K. , Rabus M. , Sarkis P. , Suc V. , de Val-Borro M. , Zhou G. , Crane J. D. , Shectman S. , Teske J. K. , Wang S. X. , Butler R. P. , Lázár J. , Papp I. , Sári P. , Anderson D. R. , Hellier C. , West R. G. , Barkaoui K. , Pozuelos F. J. , Jehin E. , Gillon M. , Nielsen L. , Lendl M. , Udry S. , Ricker George R. , Vanderspek Roland , Latham David W. , Seager S. , Winn Joshua N. , Christiansen Jessie , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Henze Christopher E. , Jenkins Jon M. , Smith Jeffrey C. , Ting Eric B.
Published: March 2020

We report the discovery of four transiting giant planets around K dwarfs. The planets HATS-47b, HATS-48Ab, HATS-49b, and HATS-72b have masses of

,

,

, and

, respectively, and radii of

,

,

, and

, respectively. The planets orbit close to their host stars with orbital periods of

days,

days,

days, and

days, respectively. The hosts are main-sequence K dwarfs with masses of

,

,

, and

, and with V-band magnitudes of

,

,

and

. The super-Neptune HATS-72b (a.k.a. WASP-191b and TOI 294.01) was independently identified as a transiting planet candidate by the HATSouth, WASP, and TESS surveys, and we present a combined analysis of all of the data gathered by each of these projects (and their follow-up programs). An exceptionally precise mass is measured for HATS-72b thanks to high-precision radial velocity (RV) measurements obtained with VLT/ESPRESSO, FEROS, HARPS, and Magellan/PFS. We also incorporate TESS observations of the warm Saturn–hosting systems HATS-47 (a.k.a. TOI 1073.01), HATS-48A, and HATS-49. HATS-47 was independently identified as a candidate by the TESS team, while the other two systems were not previously identified from the TESS data. The RV orbital variations are measured for these systems using Magellan/PFS. HATS-48A has a resolved

neighbor in Gaia DR2, which is a common-proper-motion binary star companion to HATS-48A with a mass of 0.22

and a current projected physical separation of ∼1400 au.
Thunder and Lightning: Using Neutron-star Mergers as Simultaneous Standard Candles and Sirens to Measure Cosmological Parameters
Authors: Doctor Zoheyr
Published: March 2020

With the detection of gravitational wave (GW) GW170817 and its associated electromagnetic (EM) counterparts from a binary neutron star (NS) merger, the “standard siren” method for Hubble-constant measurements is expected to play a role in the Hubble-constant tension in the next few years. One intriguing proposal put forward in multiple studies is to use an NS merger’s optical counterpart, known as a kilonova, as a standard candle, because its absolute magnitude can in principle be calculated from simulations. In this work, I detail the statistical framework for performing joint standard-candle and standard-siren measurements using GWs, EM follow-up data, and simulations of EM counterparts. I then perform an example analysis using GW170817 and its optical counterpart AT2017gfo to illustrate the method and the method’s limitations. Crucially, the inferences using this method are only as robust as the EM counterpart models, so significant theoretical advances are needed before this method can be employed for precision cosmology.
Periodic Fast Radio Bursts with Neutron Star Free Precession
Authors: Zanazzi J. J. , Lai Dong
Published: March 2020

The CHIME/FRB collaboration recently reported the detection of a 16 day periodicity in the arrival times of radio bursts from FRB 180916.J0158+65. We study the possibility that the observed periodicity arises from free precession of a magnetized neutron star, and put constraints on different components of the star’s magnetic fields. Using a simple geometric model, where radio bursts are emitted from a rotating neutron star magnetosphere, we show that the emission pattern as a function of time can match that observed from FRB 180916.J0158+65.
Uma leitura CTS das relações entre ciência e cultura no Brasil: dos conteúdos assincrônicos aos diálogos possíveis e desejáveis
Authors: De Oliveira Maysa Leal
Published: March 2020

Sob a perspectiva interdisciplinar dos Estudos de Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS), o presente texto propõe uma contextualização histórica renovada do desenvolvimento da ciência no Brasil, que torne presentes e visíveis as disputas do contexto histórico e cultural, revelando o caráter espúrio da ciência moderna na cultura brasileira e argumentando em favor de uma ecologia de saberes, fundada no diálogo da ciência com os saberes da tradição. Intentando prestar uma contribuição nova, diferente da visão economicista que abunda na área, dialoga com textos e autores hetorodoxos, notadamente com as contribuições dos estudos genericamente chamados de Estudos Pós-Coloniais, traçando um percurso um pouco fora das linhas canônicas, numa trajetória menos comum e previsível.
Designing an Herbarium Digitisation Workflow with Built-In Image Quality Management
Authors: Nieva de la Hidalga Abraham , Rosin Paul , Sun Xianfang , Bogaerts Ann , De Meeter Niko , De Smedt Sofie , Strack van Schijndel Maarten , Van Wambeke Paul , Groom Quentin
Published: March 2020

Digitisation of natural history collections has evolved from creating databases for the recording of specimens’ catalogue and label data to include digital images of specimens. This has been driven by several important factors, such as a need to increase global accessibility to specimens and to preserve the original specimens by limiting their manual handling. The size of the collections pointed to the need of high throughput digitisation workflows. However, digital imaging of large numbers of fragile specimens is an expensive and time-consuming process that should be performed only once. To achieve this, the digital images produced need to be useful for the largest set of applications possible and have a potentially unlimited shelf life. The constraints on digitisation speed need to be balanced against the applicability and longevity of the images, which, in turn, depend directly on the quality of those images. As a result, the quality criteria that specimen images need to fulfil influence the design, implementation and execution of digitisation workflows. Different standards and guidelines for producing quality research images from specimens have been proposed; however, their actual adaptation to suit the needs of different types of specimens requires further analysis. This paper presents the digitisation workflow implemented by Meise Botanic Garden (MBG). This workflow is relevant because of its modular design, its strong focus on image quality assessment, its flexibility that allows combining in-house and outsourced digitisation, processing, preservation and publishing facilities and its capacity to evolve for integrating alternative components from different sources. The design and operation of the digitisation workflow is provided to showcase how it was derived, with particular attention to the built-in audit trail within the workflow, which ensures the scalable production of high-quality specimen images and how this audit trail ensures that new modules do not affect either the speed of imaging or the quality of the images produced.
Lignicolous freshwater ascomycota from Thailand: Phylogenetic and morphological characterisation of two new freshwater fungi: Tingoldiago hydei sp. nov. and T. clavata sp. nov. from Eastern Thailand
Authors: Xu Li , Bao Dan-Feng , Luo Zong-Long , Su Xi-Jun , Shen Hong-Wei , Su Hong-Yan
Published: March 2020

Lignicolous freshwater fungi represent one of the largest groups of Ascomycota. This taxonomically highly diverse group plays an important role in nutrient and carbon cycling, biological diversity and ecosystem functioning. The diversity of lignicolous freshwater fungi along a north-south latitudinal gradient is currently being studied in Asia. In this paper, we introduce two novel freshwater taxa viz. Tingoldiago hydeisp. nov. and T. clavatasp. nov. which were collected from freshwater substrates in Eastern Thailand. Morphological comparison based on the size of ascomata, asci and ascospores, as well as multi-gene phylogenetic analyses based on LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF1-α DNA sequences, supports their placement in Tingoldiago (Lentitheciaceae). Descriptions and illustrations of these two new species are provided.
Adapted ageing tests for the evaluation of alabaster used in the restoration of Bishop’s Palace of Tarazona
Authors: Bustamante R. , Vázquez P. , Rodríguez-Monteverde P. , Monjo J.
Published: March 2020

The advanced condition of deterioration of the column’s bases of the courtyard of the Bishop’s Palace of Tarazona (Spain) built in the middle of 16th century required its restoration with Aragonese alabaster. Thus, adapted ageing tests were developed to simulate the environmental conditions in which the stones were and will be exposed. These tests were thermal fatigue by temperature variations, acid rain and water stagna­tion by immersion tests and a combination of both agents of decay. The results indicated that alabaster did not experimented deformation after thermal fatigue but a progressive dehydration to bassanite. This process entailed an increase of porosity and consequently a loss of structural properties. The dissolution was measured as a lineal weight and volume loss while porosity and capillary uptake remained stable. The conclusions of this study establish the importance of restoration protocols to maintain the alabaster integrity when used and exposed to rainwater and insolation.
Filosofía y Antropología
Authors: Castilla Urbano Francisco
Published: March 2020

En este artículo se considera que las relaciones entre filosofía y antropología han sido con frecuencia analizadas de forma interesada. Esta actitud ha perjudicado no solo a estas dos disciplinas sino también a la antropología filosófica, la historia y la espistemología de la antropología, que son los dominios donde aquéllas deberían encontrar su mejor punto de convergencia. En consecuencia, se intenta establecer un marco de colaboración que resulte beneficioso para todas estas disciplinas.
Antropología y Pedagogía
Authors: Castellote Herrero Eulalia
Published: March 2020

Las relaciones entre antropología y pedagogía han dado origen a un enriquecimiento mutuo. Sobre perspectivas que han ido modificándose con el tiempo y las nuevas orientaciones de ambas disciplinas, esta relación ha demostrado ser enormemente fructífera. En nuestro artículo estudiaremos estos temas y las últimas corrientes, que, aprovechando los métodos de la antropología cultural, están consiguiendo magníficos resultados en la pedagogía de nuestros días.
Etnoarqueología: una guía de métodos y aplicaciones
Authors: Fernández Martínez Victor M.
Published: March 2020

En este trabajo se presenta una visión general de las relaciones entre antropología y arqueología, históricamente presentes desde el mismo comienzo de ambas disciplinas pero que solo recientemente han dado origen a una nueva rama del conocimiento: la etnoarqueología como la ciencia del comportamiento y la cultura material. Al examinar por orden las principales áreas de interés -formación del depósito arqueológico, tecnología y subsistencia, asentamiento y organización social, arte y ritual- se muestra brevemente cómo es posible utilizar los paralelos etnográficos de pueblos primitivos actuales y del pasado reciente para dar de nuevo vida al registro prehistórico. Aunque en el artículo se exponen sobre todo leyes trans-culturales, también se hace referencia a la polémica actual entre las escuelas procesual-cientifista y contextual-hermeneútica.
Etnobotánica
Authors: Blanco Emilio , Morales Ramón
Published: March 2020

Se define el concepto de etnobotánica y se discute su origen y desarrollo histórico. Se incluye una clasificación de las plantas según sus usos, con comentarios sobre el origen y el interés de los nombres populares. Las líneas fundamentales de investigación siguen siendo la importancia cultural de determinados cultivos, el origen de las plantas cultivadas, la puesta en cultivo de nuevas especies vegetales y la utilización de vegetales como fuente de nuevos compuestos químicos, sobre todo para fines terapéuticos. Se comenta la riqueza de usos de plantas en España, relacionada con la variedad etnológica y florística, la frecuencia de dichos usos detectada en las diferentes regiones hasta el momento, y las áreas y campos de estudio. Se resume también la metodología seguida en la obtención de datos.
Antropología de las migraciones
Authors: Valadés Sierra Juán Manuel
Published: March 2020

Este artículo intenta dar una visión general de las principales aportaciones realizadas al estudio antropológico de las migraciones. Se advierte la necesidad de apoyarse en la estadística y de acudir a trabajos realizados en el ámbito de ciencias como la sociología, la geografía humana o la economía, que establecen el amplio marco necesario para la comprensión del fenómeno migratorio. También se hace especial referencia a la bibliografía sobre el tema en España, que ha pasado en los últimos quince años de ser un país de emigración externa e interna a experimentar la afluencia de un creciente número de inmigrantes.
Types of Intensive Care Units With the Healthiest, Most Productive Work Environments
Authors: Schmalenberg Claudia , Kramer Marlene
Published: March 2020

Background The quality of nurses’ work environments in hospitals is of great concern. The American Association of Critical-Care Nurses has specified 6 standards essential to a healthy (ie, satisfying and productive) work environment. These standards are sufficiently aligned to the Essentials of Magnetism processes to make this tool suitable for measuring healthy work environments.

Objectives To identify differences in staff nurses’ perceptions of the work environment by type of intensive care unit.

Methods A cross-sectional descriptive design with strategic sampling was used in this secondary analysis of data from 698 staff nurses working in 34 intensive care units in 8 magnet hospitals. Intensive care units were grouped into 4 types: medical, including coronary care; surgical, including trauma and cardiovascular; neonatal and pediatric; and medical-surgical. All nurses completed the Essentials of Magnetism instrument. Analysis of variance was used to identify initial differences; multivariate analysis of variance was used to control for covariates.

Results The intensive care nurses and units scored above the National Magnet Hospital Profile mean on process variables and on the Essentials of Magnetism outcome variables. Neonatal and pediatric units scored significantly higher than did the other types of intensive care units sampled.

Conclusions Intensive care unit structures supported care processes and relationships that resulted in job satisfaction among nurses and high-quality care for patients in this strategic sample. Systematic study of the structures and processes present in units reporting a healthy work environment can be used to assist other clinical units in improving work environments.
Response to Signs and Symptoms of Acute Coronary Syndrome: Differences Between Lebanese Men and Women
Authors: Noureddine Samar , Arevian Mary , Adra Marina , Puzantian Houry
Published: March 2020

Background Signs and symptoms of acute coronary syndromes differ between men and women, but whether men and women respond differently to these indications is not well understood. Such responses influence health outcomes because success of treatment depends on how quickly healthcare is sought.

Objective To explore differences between Lebanese men and women in cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses to signs and symptoms of acute coronary syndromes.

Methods A convenience sample of 149 men and 63 women with unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction were interviewed within 72 hours of admission to coronary care in a tertiary center by using the Response to Symptoms Questionnaire. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from medical records.

Results Women were older, less educated, and more often widowed than men. More women had hypertension but more men were current smokers. Women had shoulder pain, dyspnea, nausea and vomiting, and palpitations more often than men did. Women’s signs and symptoms were rated more severe by the women than men’s were by the men. Women were less likely to know signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction than were men and delayed coming to the hospital longer than men did. Delay correlated with the characteristics of the signs and symptoms and not realizing their importance in men and with dyspnea and taking the “wait and see” approach in women.

Conclusion Factors related to promptness in seeking care for acute coronary syndromes differ between Lebanese men and women.
Characteristics Associated With Unplanned Extubations in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Curry Kim , Cobb Sarah , Kutash Mary , Diggs Crystal
Published: March 2020

Background Unplanned extubations can result in serious complications.

Objectives To determine characteristics of patients and nurses and risk factors that affect extubations.

Methods A retrospective exploratory design was used. Ram-say Sedation Scale scores, need for reintubation, time between intubation and extubation, use of sedation and analgesia in the preceding 48 hours, and use of restraints were collected on 31 patients in a surgical intensive care unit who had unplanned extubations. For nurses, data collected included years’ experience in nursing and as an intensive care nurse, professional credentials, and location at the time of extubation.

Results All unplanned extubations were self-extubations; 15 required reintubation. Most patients had low levels of sedation in the hour preceding the extubation (mean Ramsay score, 2.42; SD, 1.06). Patients who needed reintubation had higher mean Ramsay scores (2.85; SD, 1.14) than patients who did not (2.00; SD, 0.86; P = .04). Ramsay scores correlated with need for reintubation (r=0.423; P=.03). Of the 31 patients, 27 (87%) were restrained at the time of extubation (χ2 = 17.06; df=1; P<.001). Among the nurses, 32.3% had less than 5 years’ experience in nursing, and 51.6% had less than 5 years’ experience in intensive care; 89% of extubations occurred when the nurse was away from the bedside. Sedative and analgesic doses in the 24 hours before extubation did not differ significantly from those in the 2 hours before extubation.

Conclusions Levels of sedation and use of restraints are associated with unplanned extubations and need for reintubation.
Correction of Severe Hypotension by Oral Pseudoephedrine in a Patient With Idiopathic Autonomic Dysfunction
Authors: Patterson Anthony , Bourgault Annette M. , Crawford Brad R.
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this case study was to review the use of an oral α-adrenergic agent to correct severe vasopressor-dependent hypotension in a patient with idiopathic autonomic dysfunction. Autonomic dysfunction resulting in severe hypotension that requires intravenous vasopressors can present challenges in the treatment of critically ill patients. Most patients are weaned from intravenous vasopressor agents once severe sepsis has resolved. Because of worsening idiopathic autonomic dysfunction during recovery from sepsis, this 76-year-old woman required prolonged care in the intensive care unit. Oral α-adrenergic agonist therapy in the form of pseudoephedrine proved to be a valuable treatment option to wean this patient off the vasopressor dependence and allow for placement in a long-term care facility.
Gastric Residual Volume and Aspiration in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Gastric Feedings
Authors: Metheny Norma A. , Schallom Lynn , Oliver Dana A. , Clouse Ray E.
Published: March 2020

Background The helpfulness of bedside assessment of gastric residual volume in the prediction of aspiration has been questioned, as has the volume that signals increased risk of aspiration.

Objective To describe the association between gastric residual volumes and aspiration of gastric contents.

Methods In a prospective study of 206 critically ill patients receiving gastric tube feedings for 3 consecutive days, gastric residual volumes were measured with 60-mL syringes every 4 hours. Measured volumes were categorized into 3 overlapping groups: at least 150 mL, at least 200 mL, and at least 250 mL. Patients were categorized as frequent aspirators if 40% or more of their tracheal secretions were positive for pepsin and as infrequent aspirators if less than 40% of their secretions were positive for pepsin. Gastric residual volumes were compared between the 2 aspiration groups.

Results Approximately 39% of the 206 patients had 1 or more gastric residual volumes of at least 150 mL, 27% had 1 or more volumes of at least 200 mL, and 17% had 1 or more volumes of at least 250 mL. Large-bore tubes identified most of the high volumes. Eighty-nine patients were frequent aspirators. Volumes less than 150 mL were common in both aspiration groups. However, the frequent aspirators had a significantly greater frequency of 2 or more volumes of at least 200 mL and 1 or more volumes of at least 250 mL.

Conclusions No consistent relationship was found between aspiration and gastric residual volumes. Although aspiration occurs without high gastric residual volumes, it occurs significantly more often when volumes are high.
Wound healing effects of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) green husk on the incision wound model in rats
Authors: Taheri Ayat , Mirghazanfari Sayid Mahdi , Dadpay Masoumeh
Published: March 2020

Walnut green husk (WGH) has been mentioned as a wound-healing agent in traditional Iranian medicine. Although previous studies indicated that WGH is a good source of pharmaceutical ingredients, they did not assess its wound healing activity; so the present study set out the scientific validation of the wound healing potential of the Persian walnut. Total phenolic content, reducing power, DPPH, and nitric oxide scavenging activity of aqueous ethanol extract of WGH was evaluated. Forty-eight male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups of 12 each. An incision wound was created on the dorsal region of each rat. WGH extract (20% w/w), WGH burnt residues (20% w/w), Eucerin, and Phenytoin ointments were used in each group. Wound length, contraction percentage, and histopathological evaluations were recorded on days 3, 7, 10, and 14. Total phenolic content and EC50 values of reducing power, DPPH and nitric oxide scavenging activity of the WGH extract were 61.34 ± 0.64 mg/g dry extract, 0.95 ± 0.02 mg/mL, 0.35 ± 0.01 mg/mL, and 0.28 ± 0.01 mg/mL, respectively. Treated animals with WGH extract showed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) better results for physical and pathological parameters compared to the control group; overall, WGH extract showed better results than WGH burnt residues. The present study indicated that the WGH aqueous ethanol extract has a promising potential for wound healing in the animal model and could be a valuable resource for developing new wound-healing medicines for humans.
Who is discharged to intermediate care facilities? An Italian study in the population of Udine
Authors: Valent Francesca , Panzera Angela
Published: March 2020

The objective of this study was to assess complexity of patients discharged from hospital to intermediate care facility in an Italian setting. Multiple anonymous health-related databases were linked at the individual patient level through a stochastic key to study patients discharged from the University Hospital of Udine, Italy, from 2010 to 2019. Patient complexity was measured through diagnosis related group (DRG) relative weight of each hospitalization, number of chronic conditions and annual use of health resources. 12,674 intermediate care facility admissions were recorded in the study period. Mean DRG weight was 1.54±1.05 with variations depending on the discharging hospital ward. Patients discharged to intermediate facilities had higher DRG weight, had more comorbidities and consumed more health resources than the others, particularly in case of patients discharged from surgical wards. Patients discharged to intermediate care facilities are particularly complex, have high use of health resources, and may be difficult to manage.
ESPLORANDO â€œFLATLANDIAâ€: DAL GRAFENE ALLA SCOPERTA DI NUOVI MATERIALI BI-DIMENSIONALI
Authors: Tumino Francesco
Published: March 2020

The development of nanotechnology has encouraged the research of new nanomaterials for innovative applications. In 2004, the production and study of graphene â€” that is a single layer of carbon atoms â€” showed, for the first time, the extraordinary properties of this material and opened the way to the exploration of the so-called two-dimensional (2D) materials. Since then, several 2D materials have been produced and studied, revealing properties and behaviours, in general, very different from those of corresponding bulk materials. Research on 2D materials is nowadays one of the most active and promising fields of materials science, which is setting the basis for the development of novel technologies, such as in electronics, optoelectronics, energy and molecular sensing. In this paper, some important aspects of the study of 2D materials will be introduced â€” such as the synthesis methodologies and characterization techniques â€” and some of their properties will be shown, with the support of recent experimental results of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) investigations.
BRONI E CASALE MONFERRATO: DUE COMUNITÃ€ DI FRONTE ALLâ€™AMIANTO TRA MEMORIA, RIMOZIONE E RICONOSCIMENTO DEL DANNO
Authors: Ziglioli Bruno
Published: March 2020

The article compares the case of the Eternit cement-asbestos factory in Casale Monferrato to that of the Fibronit factory in Broni. The two towns were assailed by the drama of asbestos contamination, which will continue to affect workers and local inhabitants for a long time to come. In Casale, the memory of the factory and its consequences on the health of the inhabitants has taken the form of a concrete awareness, so much so that Casale has become an emblematic town on both national and international levels. However, the same cannot be said for Broni: here there has been a radical repression of the problem. This paper will demonstrate how tensions within the community open up a range of citizensâ€™viewpoints, which span from a hyper-visualization of the problem â€“ the factory as an omnipresent cause of all the evils of the city â€“ to its complete removal from the urban horizon, making any kind of intervention on public authorities extremely difficult.
Heavy metals in soils and forage grasses irrigated with Vieira River water, Montes Claros, Brazil, contaminated with sewage wastewater
Authors: Reis Matheus Mendes , Santos Leonardo David Tuffi , Silva Ariovaldo José da , Pinho Gevany Paulino de , Rocha Leonardo Michel
Published: March 2020

There is great concern with soil and plant contamination by heavy metals due to the use of polluted water in agricultural irrigation. In this study, areas irrigated with Vieira River water were evaluated as to contamination by As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. The Vieira River receives effluent from Montes Claros city, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. To do so, two irrigated areas were selected, one upstream and one downstream of the Montes Claros city. Wastewater discharge increased the concentration of As and Ni in the water of Vieira River, and consequently, of As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the soil and of As and Zn in forage grasses. However, the content of heavy metals in the soil did not exceed the internationally recommended limits. Pollution load index (PLI) and contamination factor (CF) indicated the existence of pollution and moderate contamination in downstream soils of the city of Montes Claros. Potential ecological risk index (RI) and ecological risk factor (Er) indicated a low ecological risk, but these indicators were higher in downstream soils of Montes Claros. Arsenic (As) was the only heavy metal that featured a transfer factor (TF) higher than the widespread values found in literature and positive geoaccumulation index (Igeo), indicative of anthropogenic pollution.
On a Lie Algebraic Approach to Abelian Extensions of Associative Algebras
Authors: Tan Youjun , Xu Senrong
Published: March 2020

By using a representation of a Lie algebra on the second Hochschild cohomology group, we construct an obstruction class to extensibility of derivations and a short exact sequence of Wells type for an abelian extension of an associative algebra.
Eugen Warming’s Florula Lagoensis revisited: old lessons to new challenges
Authors: Couto Moreira Nayara , Stehmann João R.
Published: March 2020

Background and aims – We revisited Florula Lagoensis, the first floristic list of the Cerrado, published in 1892 by Eugen Warming. All flowering plants were nomenclaturally and taxonomically updated and associated with type material collected by him. We also analysed the contribution of new collections made in Lagoa Santa to assess how many species were recollected after his work. Methods – We have used the list of phanerogams in Warming’s 1908 translation as primary data source and we performed a search on Brazilian virtual herbaria to retrieve all material collected at the locality of Lagoa Santa and surroundings. Key results – Out of 2270 species collected by Warming, 560 (24.7%) have been recollected after 150 years, and only 242 species (9.6%) were new additions to the list. A total of 381 (14.4%) specific or infra-specific names from Florula Lagoensis have type specimens collected by Warming. Conclusions – It is fair to recognize Eugen Warming as one of the pioneers of floristic studies in Brazil. We stress the completeness of his work and highlight the importance of following Warming’s footsteps, collecting intensively, exploring different environments, and working in a collaborative way.