bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An innovative blockchain-based supply chain model in the context of food security
Authors: Abikenova N. A. , Razakova D. I.
Published: December 2022

The problem of food security has rapidly escalated due to numerous food adulterations and rising prices of socially important foods, as well as the general growth of the supply chain network in recent years, thereby increasing levels of food waste. Since the recent evolution of the technology, blockchain promises a high potential ability to guarantee and track the originality of products, also effectively managing the supply chain. Moreover, blockchain has been recognized as one of the eight major technologies that can change our lives if used in the right direction for the benefit of society and countries' economies. In Kazakhstan, there is a lack of infrastructure to support food supply, as well as a number of issues regarding increased control over prices by the government. The purpose of this study is to identify the benefits of blockchain, which facilitates the effective management of the food supply chain, the ability to meet the needs of all stakeholders, and a comparison with the traditional supply chain system. The article uses factor analysis, taking into account economic, political, social, technological interests, through which the existing problems at the moment are uncovered. The results show that the application of blockchain in the food supply chain leads to positive demand from the government, producers and end consumers. The value of the work lies in the theoretical study, which drew on the experience of recent research around the world, adaptation in Kazakhstan and the possibility of application in the context of food security. This work contains many touched upon economic aspects and can serve as a basis for further research.
Public-private partnership management systems: analysis of foreign experience
Authors: Stepanov M. S. , Legostaeva A. A.
Published: December 2022

The main purpose of this article is to evaluate and analyze foreign experience in the creation and functioning of public-private partnership (PPP) management systems, highlight their country-specific features and present the most successful practices of its development. The article presents foreign experience in the creation and functioning of public-private partnership (hereinafter PPP) project management systems, highlights their country-specific features and presents the most successful practices of its development. The authors touched upon aspects of legislative and regulatory support, principles of the PPP management and development system, long-term planning of infrastructure development, tools and methods, creation and organization of public administration bodies within the framework of PPP.The result of the article is the collection and study of data on the implementation and implementation of the PPP mechanism in foreign countries, based on the collected data, during the study of practical experience accumulated in the field of public-private partnership, to determine the main criteria for the success of public administration systems in the field of PPP. As part of the study methods of analysis, theoretical and logical methods of generalization, comparison and comparison, deduction and induction, methods of formalization, logical interpretation, methods of logical reasoning, the method of tabular representation of the results, analysis and evaluation were used. The main results and practical relevance of the work are systematized foreign practice of regulatory and legal support of the PPP project management system, the organization of the public administration system in the framework of PPP, which allowed to define the main criteria for the success of public administration systems in the field of PPP. The authors have made recommendations for improving the PPP system of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Analysis of reforming the national payment system of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Amangozhaeva A. B. , Markelova M. A. , Dzharikbaeva D. T.
Published: December 2022

The article deals with theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of risk assessment of the national payment system. A comparative analysis of world models for assessing the risks of payment systems is presented. Due to the growth of market infrastructure around the world, technological changes and the development of the global and national regulatory environment, an increase in production volumes and, accordingly, an increase in the number of operations of business entities, including individuals and enterprises in the field of material production, as well as in In the field of financial services, the development of technologies requires the constant development and adaptation of national payment systems to the challenges of the market and the need to transform them into more modern and convenient services that meet the requirements of the market. the demands of his time.The presence of a payment system that meets the needs of the state, the financial market, individuals and legal entities in the safe and prompt transfer of funds is an important element of the national infrastructure of any developed country. At all times, timely reforms in this area were required to meet the new requirements for the organization, regulation and market demand of payment systems. Over the years, payment systems have undergone a number of significant changes due to the emergence of new payment methods, platforms and interfaces. This is due to the rapid development in the field of information and communication technologies.Until recently, the creation and development of services that allow making payments in the retail segment was entrusted to the banking community, including servicing the operations of retail customers.However, in recent years, due to the need to organize interbank services for fast, guaranteed and cheap payments, more and more central banks are introducing their own payment systems for interbank retail payments.
Economic efficiency of organic farming in Kazakhstan
Authors: Karabasov R. A. , Piagay A. A. , Bespaeva R. S.
Published: December 2022

In recent years in Kazakhstan, as elsewhere in the world, markedly increased interest in the development of organic agriculture, contributing to the creation of high-margin agricultural production and improve the quality of economic growth in the agricultural sector. The article is aimed at assessing the economic efficiency of agricultural enterprises with organic farming in Kazakhstan. An attempt is made to analyze the viability of organic farms and their contribution to agriculture and the environment. One of the purposes of the article is to analyze whether the latest databases of organic farms and their structure contribute to the achievement of the above objectives. In order to comprehensively assess the economic efficiency, the production base (equity, assets, liabilities) was analyzed. Profit indicator was used in the monitoring of different types of profits and selected financial ratios. Data on organic farms were taken from 2009. Primary data was taken from the materials of farms engaged in organic farming. For comparison, both the database of farms and annual statistical reviews of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan were used. Taking into account the accumulated experience and new technologies there is an opportunity to reanimate some of the abandoned land into arable land at a safe ecological level. Land with a higher fertility potential can be used for organic farming. To assess the economic and financial situation of agricultural enterprises the following financial ratios were adopted: return on assets, return on equity, liquidity, debt, interest coverage and total asset turnover.
Priorities for the development of the production infrastructure of the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Rakhimberdinova M. U. , Zakimova A. M. , Kabyeva A. T. , Bulent SEN
Published: December 2022

The article identifies groups of infrastructure sectors: those that directly serve the process of production of agricultural products and raw materials, and industries and organizations that provide procurement, transportation and storage of agricultural products. The study of these infrastructure sectors, their significance and impact on the level of rural development and strengthening of the national economy. The authors evaluate a set of measures to increase the yield of cultivated land, one of which is the use of fertilizers.Along with agrochemical problems, the country's agriculture is facing acute problems with providing fresh water, increasing needs for infrastructure for marketing agricultural products, lack of industrial containers, lack of storage capacity for food products, underdevelopment of trade and logistics systems, insufficient number of transport and logistics centers, transport support for agricultural industries, and deterioration of roads. One of the ways to solve these problems was to improve the infrastructure for selling agricultural products and create a wide network of purchase points in all rural localities of the Republic and remote areas with a high concentration of sources of agricultural raw materials.The article also discusses measures for the implementation of state programs for the development of agricultural sectors. In particular, the actions of financial institution that implements the state policy on supporting and stimulating the development of agroindustrial complex, increasing the availability of funding of the subjects of agriculture, the financial institutions included in it, credit programs, their prospective opportunities in the development of infrastructure industries and agriculture as a whole are studied in detail.
Kur'ân Tefsir Motodolojisinde Şaz Yorumların Hükmü
Authors: İDER Cengiz
Published: December 2022

Allah Teâlâ’nın âyet-i kerimelerden kast ettiği anlama ulaşmak için takip edilen metodolojinin doğru olması oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Bu konuda müfessirlerin ittifak etmesinin de doğru sonuca ulaşmada önemli bir rolü bulunmaktadır. Çalışmada tefsir yönteminde bu ittifaktan ayrılıp şaz yorum yapanların hükmüne dikkat çekilmiştir. Geçmişten günümüze âyetler üzerine farklı yorumlar yapılmaktadır. Müfessirlerin ittifak ettikleri anlamın dışına çıkıp farklı bir yorum yapmak şaz kabul edilmektedir. Cumhurdan ayrılıp bir görüşte tek kalmak, görüşün sahih ve kabulden uzak olmasına sebep olmaktadır. Şaz yorum Ehl-i sünnet, Mu‘tezile, Şiâ ve farklı mezhep ve ideoloji sahibi müfessirler tarafından âyetlerin tefsirinde zaman zaman karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Ulemâ bu gibi görüşlerin kabul edilmediğini ittifakla beyan etmektedir. Dolayısıyla Kur’ân tefsirinde bu şaz yorumlara dikkat edip uzak durmak icap etmektedir. Yapılan bu şaz yorumların sebepleri arasında kötü emellerine ulaşma, aşırılık, mezhebî ve müfessirin bireysel ideolojisi neden olarak gösterilebilir. Kur’ân âyetleri üzerine yapılan tefsir, te’vil ve yorumların Arap dil kaideleri ve tefsir usûl kaidelerine uygun olması gerekmektedir. Aksi durumda âyetlerin asıl manasına ulaşmada ileri sürülen görüşlerin kabul edilmeyeceği göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Meşhur olan görüşün bu şaz yorumlara tercih edilmesi ulemânın üzerinde ittifak ettiği konulardandır. Çalışmada âyetin zâhir anlamına muhalif bu ve benzeri görüşlerin ulemâ nezdinde kabul görmediğine dikkat çekilmiştir.
Jean Baudrillard ve Toplumsalın Sonu
Authors: DİKMEN Fatmanur
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışma, Fransız düşüncesinde önemli bir yere sahip olan ve özellikle Simülasyon Kuramı ile bilinen Jean Baudrillard’ın postmodernizm tartışmalarına katkıda bulunduğu toplumsala dair görüşleriyle ilgilidir. Baudrillard’a göre artık kitleler birer kütle halini almaktadır ve bir yığın olarak kitleler, her türlü devrim inancından mahrum edilmişlerdir. İçinde yaşadığı dönemi postmodernleşme olarak okuyan Baudrillard, hakikat ile sanal arasındaki ayrımın ortadan kalktığı andan itibaren tüm değerlerin ve hakikate dair olan inancın da ortadan kalktığını ve böylece toplumsalı oluşturan temel ögelerin de yok olduğunu düşünmektedir. Gerçeğin/hakikatin ortadan kalkması ve sanalın tahkim edici baskısıyla birlikte simülasyon dünyasına adım atılmıştır. Gerçek de böylesi bir dünyada yerini hipergerçekliğe bırakmıştır. Görüşlerini bu vecihten oluşturan Baudrillard’ın toplumsala bakışındaki yeniliğin mahiyeti oldukça sorunlu bir alanı işaret etmektedir. Nitekim, Baudrillard’ın radikalize etmiş olduğu bu konu, öncesinde farklı düşünürlerce farklı kavramsallaştırmalarla adlandırılmış olsa da bu denli radikal bir kavramsallaştırmadan bahsedilememektedir. Bu açıdan çalışmada Baudrillard’ın tüm bir düşünsel serencamından bahsetmek yerine, kendi eserlerinden hareketle toplumsala ve toplumsalın çözülüşüne dair yaptığı analizler sorunsallaştırılacaktır.
Bayburt'un Kayıp Ziyâiyye Kütüphanesindeki Tefsir Eserleri
Authors: VARLI Abdussamet
Published: December 2022

Ahmed Ziyâüddîn Gümüşhânevî’nin (ö. 1893) Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’ne bırakmış olduğu en büyük ilim hazineleri arasında yer alan dört adet kütüphaneden bir tanesi Bayburt iline vakfedilmiş kütüphanedir. Diğer üçünün kurulmuş olduğu Of, Rize ve İstanbul kütüphanelerinin akıbetinde olduğu gibi, Bayburt’ta kurdurmuş olduğu ve vakfiyelerde hakkında bilgi bulunan kütüphanesinden günümüzde, bizlerin eline çok fazla eser ulaşmamıştır. Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Ruslar’ın doğu bölgelerini işgali esnasında bugün Gürcistan’ın başkenti olan Tiflis bölgesine kaçırılmış olduğu, dönemin doğu orduları komutanı Kâzım Karabekir Paşa’ya Ferşad Efendi (ö. 1929) tarafından yazılan bir name ile kayıtlanmıştır. Bu bilgi dışında çok fazla bilgiye sahip olunmayan kütüphanede mevcut olan eserlerin tefsir ilmiyle alakalı olanları bu makale ile ilk kez gün yüzüne çıkarılmış olacaktır.
HAREKETLİ YÜZEYLER ARASINDA KULLANILAN YAĞLARIN ISI TRANSFERİ
Authors: KAYA Murat , KAYA Şükrü
Published: December 2022

Makine yataklarındaki hareketli parçaların birbirleri ile olan yüzeysel sürtünmeleri sonucu aşınmalar meydana gelmektedir. Bu yüzeyler arsındaki aşınmaları en aza indirmek için yüzeyler arasına belirli bir viskoziteye ve ısıl özelliklere sahip kaygan sıvı olan yağ kullanılmaktadır. Hareketli parçaların hızına bağlı olarak yüzeyler arasında ve akışkanda ısınmalar meydana gelmektedir. Çalışma esnasında, oluşan sıcaklık değişimleri, açığa çıkan ısı akısı ve akışkanın viskozite özelileri incelenmiştir. Kızak levhaları arası mesafe h=2 mm olarak alınmıştır. Akışkanın ısı iletim katsayısı akışkan sıcaklığına bağlı olarak çok az değişse de burada sabit alınmıştır. Kızak hızının artışı doğal olarak sürtünmeyi artırmakta ve akışkan yağ sıcaklığı artış göstermektedir. Buna bağlı olarak da akışkanın ısı enerjisi artmaktadır. Sıcak akışkanın her iki yüzeyle temas halindedir. Burada sabit levha sıcaklığı hareketli levha yüzeyine göre daha düşüktür. Her iki yüzeyden çevreye transfer olan ısı yükü, farklı yüzey sıcaklılarında ve çalışma şartlarına göre hesaplanmıştır.
DEMOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLERİN SURİYELİ SIĞINMACILARA BAKIŞ AÇISINA YANSIMASI: TÜRKİYE ÖZELİNDE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ANALİZ
Authors: Durgun Sadegül , Taş İbrahim Ethem
Published: December 2022

Çalışmanın amacı demografik özelliklerin göçe ve sonuçlarına ilişkin bakış açısı ve tutumlar üzerinde etkili olup olmadığını ortaya koymaktır. Bu doğrultuda çalışma Suriyeli sığınmacılar özelinde gerçekleştirilmiş ve yerel halkın çeşitli özelliklerinin sığınmacılara ilişkin tutumdaki etkisi ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışma sığınmacıların en çok bulunduğu iller arasında yer alan İstanbul, İzmir, Konya, Gaziantep, Hatay ve Kahramanmaraş’ta 1515 kişiye anket uygulanması ile yapılmıştır. Anket yapılan kişiler kamu sektörü, özel sektör, sivil toplum kuruluşları ve vatandaşları temsil edecek şekilde seçilmiştir. Çalışmada SPSS programı vasıtasıyla demografik verilere ilişkin frekans tablosu oluşturulmuştur. Ardından faktör analizleri ile ölçeğin boyutları tespit edilip bu doğrultuda demografik veriler ve boyutların karşılaştırılması için bağımsız t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi ve post hoc analizlerden Bonferoni uygulanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda demografik özelliklere ait verilerin sığınmacılara ilişkin tutum ve bakış açısında etkili olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Analyzing the Influence of Korean Celebrities as Brand Ambassadors toward Customer Loyalty in Indonesia
Authors:   School of Business and Management, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Nadila Alia Putri , Windasari Nila Armelia ,   School of Business and Management, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Published: December 2022

K-Wave, also known as Hallyu, has taken over Indonesia, particularly among millennials. It is getting more challenging to find luxury brands that do not hire K-pop stars or Korean celebrities as their global ambassadors. Due to their promising engagement, several brands in Indonesia are currently courting Korean celebrities to become brand ambassadors. It is important to note that customers may be aware that the artist may not use products from all of the brands. Consequently, brands in Indonesia continue to employ Korean celebrities as brand ambassadors. Developing strong brand loyalty is one strategy to achieve success in a market that is saturated with competitors and where the costs of switching from one seller to another are very low. To cultivate consumer loyalty, brands should give opportunities for consumers to engage in activities they enjoy. Young Indonesians were attracted to K-pop because it gave them a sense of escape and community. Whether through personality congruence between the company and the celebrity or through fan engagement, leveraging Korean celebrities to create customer loyalty for brands in Indonesia. This research mostly employs quantitative methods to collect data. A questionnaire-based online survey will serve as the research tool. Respondents were offered a series of questions requiring multiple-choice, likert-scale, and short-answer responses. The survey was made accessible to respondents via multiple online platforms. Due to the widespread circulation of survey links via the internet, a screening question was necessary to validate that respondents are qualified to finish the survey. The screening questions determined whether or not respondents had purchased products or services from the brand whose brand ambassadors are Korean celebrities. In order for their future survey response to be valid, the requirement must be met. According to the data analysis results, personality congruence and fan engagement have a significant impact on strengthening customer brand loyalty through brand attachment and brand love. The majority of respondents believe that Korean celebrities are attractive and that purchasing their endorsed products is a sort of support for them. The results of this study also indicated that the type of items purchased had no effect on consumer loyalty. Therefore, brands in Indonesia are not required to develop a marketing strategy that is especially targeted to their products. Implementing brand matching and gamification techniques, as well as developing an exclusive ecosystem for their products, are a few things Indonesian companies should do if they want to maximize the impact of Korean celebrities as brand ambassadors.
MORE RESULTS ON MULTIRING
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nassarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria., Gyam Gambo Jeremiah
Published: December 2022

In this paper we extended the study of S. Debnath and A. Debnath(Debnath and Debnath, (2019)) on the study of ring structure from multiset context. We study more of the operations of multiset on the ring theory, where we discover that the raising to an arithmetic power of a multiring is again a multiring. So also is the composition of multirings. We also critically analyze the rootsets of multirings and introduces the concept multiring with unity, multiring and zero divisor among other results.
THE GENERAL STABILITY – LIKE CONCEPTS FOR DIFFERENTIAL AND CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Maharani’s Science College for Women, Mysore, Karnataka, India –570 005, B.S. Mahadevaswamy.
Published: December 2022

Theorems corresponding to the concepts of stability discussed in the works under reference should follow the general pattern of the direct method of Lyapunov. Theorems proved for such stability contain, as special cases results on - (i) stability for the origin, (ii) stability with respect to some components, (iii) stability of a set A, (iv) stability of a set A (t), (v) stability of conditional invariant set B relative to A, (vi) Stability of asymptotic invariant set A and (vii) stability of conditional asymptotic invariant set B relative to A. It is shown that our results on the stability properties can be extended to cover control systems with the set of controls compact in Rm.
Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance of Diazepam Injection at the National Health Laboratory of Mali
Authors:   Faculté de Pharmacie de Bamako, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Mali. ,Laboratoire National de la Santé du Mali., DEMBELE Ousmane , Cissé Mody ,   Faculté de Pharmacie de Bamako, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Mali. ,Laboratoire National de la Santé du Mali., Cissé Bakary Moussa ,   Faculté de Pharmacie de Bamako, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Mali. ,Laboratoire National de la Santé du Mali., Coulibaly Seydou Moussa ,   Laboratoire National de la Santé du Mali., Dakouo Jacques ,   Laboratoire National de la Santé du Mali., Arama Patomo Dominique ,   Faculté de Pharmacie de Bamako, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Mali., Koumaré Benoît Yaranga ,   Faculté de Pharmacie de Bamako, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Mali. ,Laboratoire National de la Santé du Mali.
Published: December 2022

Objectives: In a world marked by the increase in chemoresistance leading to the adoption of therapeutic combinations, the advent of generic multi-source drugs, the spread of counterfeiting and substandard drugs, often without active ingredients or falsified active ingredients, a Greater vigilance by pharmaceutical regulatory authorities is needed. Drug Post-Marketing Surveillance (PMS) therefore plays an important role in detecting poor quality products on the market. Methods: The survey covered certain regions and certain points of sale. It aimed to assess the quality of Diazepam injection available on the market. The selection of drugs and geographic areas was made using risk-based sampling using the Drug Risk Assessment Tool (MedRS) developed by USP / PQM +. Results: A total of 44 samples were analyzed according to a risk-based protocol, of which 32 were compliant with a rate of 91% against 12 non-compliant or 9% (P≤0,05). Non-compliant drugs were mainly from the public sector. We also found that all samples were unregistered. Conclusion: The results clearly raise the issue of registration of drugs before their market authorization and the importance of continuous quality control and post-marketing drug analysis to ensure health and guarantee access to quality medicines for the health and well-being of populations.
MONITORING CHARACTERISTICS AND FINANCIAL REPORTING QUALITY OF NIGERIAN LISTED CONSUMER GOODS FIRMS
Authors:   Department of Accounting, Bayern University Kano, Nigeria, SHIKA KASSIM YUSHA'U , SAIFULLAHI MAZADU ABDULLAHI ,   Department of Accounting, Kaduna State University, Kaduna- Nigeria
Published: December 2022

The study examines the effect of monitoring characteristics on the financial reporting quality of Nigerian listed consumer goods firms for the period of nine years from 2011-2020. The population of the study consists of all the 21 listed consumer goods firms as at 31st December. Multiple regression technique was employed as technique of data analysis. The findings of the study reveals that all the monitoring characteristics variables used in this study significantly affect the financial reporting quality of Nigerian listed consumer goods firms. It is therefore recommended among others that, companies board in Nigerian consumer goods should be composed in such a way that the representation of non-executive directors should be minimal as it was found, encourage earnings management, hence reducing financial reporting quality. In addition, the representation by independent directors should increase from one to two members and that the chairmen of the board should be independent directors.
Regressão linear no Enade de Economia:
Authors: Maciel Diêgo Bezerra de Melo , Guimarães Gilda Lisbôa
Published: December 2022

Neste artigo foi analisado o conhecimento de estudantes brasileiros sobre Análise de Regressão, a partir dos diferentes tipos de habilidades de Letramento Estatístico proposto no modelo de Gal (2002). Para isso, utilizou-se a questão que apresentou o pior desempenho estudantil no principal instrumento de avaliação da aprendizagem superior brasileira: o Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes (ENADE). O Exame avalia os estudantes, segundo os conteúdos, competências e habilidades previstos nas diretrizes curriculares dos cursos. Constatou-se que a questão escolhida representou um cenário profissional, no qual habilidades com fórmulas e algoritmos estatísticos não eram o principal conhecimento exigido. O estudante precisou emitir opinião sobre os resultados de Testes de Hipóteses relacionados com determinados pressupostos teóricos sobre os erros presentes nos modelos de Regressão Linear construídos, no contexto do mercado financeiro. O baixo desempenho verificado pode ser reflexo do processo de ensino que vem sendo realizado nos cursos brasileiros de economia, os quais parecem ser mais orientados para a técnica matemática e não para uma perspectiva ampla de Letramento Estatístico. Portanto, do ponto de vista pedagógico, há necessidade de implementação de mudanças nas práticas de ensino da Regressão Linear, as quais propiciem um melhor nível de conhecimento conceitual, além de prepararem melhor o profissional economista, diante das novas demandas de letramento exigidas para a cidadania.
Desenvolvimento e avaliação do letramento estatístico
Authors: Ballejo Clarissa Coragem , Viali Lori , Gea María M.
Published: December 2022

Este artigo analisa o letramento estatístico a partir de uma prática realizada com estudantes do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental (11–12 anos). Tomando-se a Investigação Baseada em Design (IBD) como pressuposto metodológico, este estudo é qualitativo, cujas análises se apoiaram, também, em dados quantitativos. Por meio do projeto denominado de “Meu Amigo”, os discentes de uma escola de Porto Alegre, RS – Brasil entrevistaram seus amigos para coletarem dados e construírem informações sobre esses colegas. Assim, vivenciaram as etapas da investigação estatística, desde a coleta de dados, passando pela organização, análise e comunicação dos resultados. Para a análise das informações criadas pelos estudantes, elaborou-se um modelo de avaliação por rubricas, organizado em componentes e indicadores. Diante dos resultados, constatou-se que os indicadores relacionados às representações gráficas e textuais alcançaram melhores pontuações. Já os relativos às tabelas revelaram resultados aquém do desejado.
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF Allium cepa (ONIONS) EXTRACTS
Authors: IF Okonkwo
Published: December 2022

The evolution of resistivity by microorganisms is a worldwide public health contest that renders antimicrobial agents impotent, leading to an upsurge in diseases and mortality in man and livestock. The current study was designed to ascertain the antimicrobial activities of Allium cepa (onions) extracts. The antimicrobial activities of the onion extracts on the trial organisms, including both gram-positive and -negative bacteria, were carried out using the Agar Well Diffusion method. The tube macro-dilution method determined the extracts' MIC (mg/mL). We investigated the MBC and MFC of the extracts. The antimicrobial assay proved that; the microorganisms tested were sensitive at 50mg/mL but resistant at 3.125mg/mL. From the MIC results, the increasing order of activity of the extracts was Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC 3.125mg/mL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium (MIC 6.25mg/mL), Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 12.5mg/mL) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (25mg/mL). The MBC results proved that the onion extracts (50mg/mL) were bactericidal except for Staphylococcus aureus and fungistatic. Comparatively, at a 5% alpha level, pronounced differences were observed between the zones of inhibition and the solvent extracts by cold and hot water extract on the experimental organisms. However, no significant disparity was observed between the effect of aqueous and solvent extracts. Hence, the study recommends using onions, natural herbal medicine, and antimicrobial agents.
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ADDISON’S DISEASE IN A DOG
Authors: J Chen
Published: December 2022

A case of Addison's disease was diagnosed and treated has been described in this paper. In this case, the dog had poor mental state, vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration. Laboratory examination showed that the dog had hyponatremia, hypochloremia and hyperkalemia, and that the serum sodium potassium ratio was as low as 15:1. Combined with the adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test, Addison's disease was diagnosed with metabolic acidosis, hepatitis, systemic infection and so on. Through symptomatic and etiological treatment, the dog basically returned to normal, but due to the degradation of primary adrenal functions, the dog needs to take glucocorticoid drugs for a long time.
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF A CAT WITH FELINE LOWER URINARY TRACT DISEASE
Authors: Q Li
Published: December 2022

Feline lower urinary tract disease is a common and significant harmful disease in cats. In this paper, to investigate the etiology, clinical signs, and treatment of feline lower urinary tract syndrome, a case of feline lower urinary tract syndrome encountered in clinical practice was collected and recorded. The case was examined by clinical questioning, ultrasonic, routine blood tests, and biochemical blood tests, including Serum amyloid A and blood gases analyses. The cat was finally diagnosed with lower urinary tract syndrome and was treated conservatively with bladder irrigation and catheterization, followed by daily catheterization and infusion therapy. After 3-5 days of treatment, the cat was discharged with fair results and a good prognosis. It provides some references for the clinical management of the feline lower urinary tract disease.
SUPPLEMENTATION OF HERBAL SEEDS TO IMPROVE THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND DIGESTION IN JAPANESE QUAIL (COTURNIX COTURNIX JAPONICA)
Authors: Farooq Umar
Published: December 2022

The demand for free range and organic poultry products is on the rise and there is a discouraging trend of using poultry reared on feed containing antibiotics as growth promoters. The growing concerns about the use of antibiotics is not baseless though as there are fare chances that they may leave residues in animal tissues and can cause drug-resistance among pathogens. Therefore, the use of natural growth promoters in poultry feed is getting popularity and demand for scientific research is intensifying. The present study was planned to investigate the use of natural growth promoters in Japanese quail diet. The treatments were designated as follows: A (5g Curcuma longa (Turmeric), B (5g Capsicum annum (Red Pepper), C (10g Nigella sativa (Black Cumin), D (10g Pimpinella anisum (Anise seed), E (Combination of treatments A, B, C and D) and F (Control). The data were recorded on following parameters: Body weight, feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage, giblet weight, digestibility coefficients for CP (crude protein), CF (crude fiber), EE (ether extract) and NFE (nitrogen free extract), and nutritive value of DCP% (digestible crude protein), TDN% (total digestible nutrients), ME (metabolizable energy) and mortality. The results showed best feed conversion ratio (FCR) (2.15±0.02), better digestibility coefficients of CP (84.02±1.3), CF (27.97±0.3) and NFE (87.96±1.8), higher nutritive value of TDN% (68.81±1.2) and ME (2895±20), and lowest mortality (2.33±0.50) for birds fed on 5g Turmeric i.e. treatment A. Use of Black Cumin (treatment C) produced highest body weight (122.5±0.2), better FCR (2.31±0.02), good dressing percentage (56.7±0.4) and higher gizzard (2.7±0.01) and intestinal weights (7.5±0.02) than control. Nevertheless, the best dressing percentage (59.5±0.4) was obtained in case of feeding Anise seed i.e., treatment D. However, treatments B and E did not show significant improvement in any of the observed parameters. Results concluded that use of natural herbs and seeds such as Turmeric, Black Cumin and Anise seed is beneficial for quail growth production.
BASELINE SURVEY ON THE INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE PROFILE OF ANOPHELES GAMBIAE (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) TO SELECTED INSECTICIDES IN IGBOKODA, SOUTHWESTERN-NIGERIA
Authors: VN Enwemiwe
Published: December 2022

Malaria is a growing concern in African countries, including Nigeria. Among the multiple malaria control approaches, insecticides are of key importance, and this main practice is threatened by the emergence of resistance in malaria vectors. Studies on the susceptibility of Anopheles towards insecticides are lacking in Igobokoda Southwestern-Nigeria, and this study investigated the susceptibility status of Anopheles gambiae s.l using five selected insecticides including permethrin (0.75%), lambda cyhalothrin (0.05%), propoxur (1.0%), bendiocarb (0.1%) and pirimiphos-methyl (0.1%), which are frequently used as control against the vector population. Immature stages of Anopheles mosquitoes were collected using 350mL deep ladles and scooping spoons and bred in the laboratory following the WHO standard protocols. Mosquitoes aged between 2-5 days were exposed to the selected insecticides using the WHO standard test procedure. Knock down time (KDT) for 50 and 95% was determined using probit analysis. Mortality of mosquitoes exposed to bendiocarb was 100%, followed by propoxur (98%), pirimiphos-methyl and permethrin (95%) and least was observed for lambda-cyhalothrin (67%). Percentage knockdown was highest in bendiocarb compared to other insecticides and the difference was significant (F=5.2, P<0.0001). KDT50 and KDT95 ranged between 12.07 to 54.12min and 28.18 to 91.38min, respectively, and was lowest for bendiocarb (12.07 and 28.18min, respectively). This study therefore imperatively suggests the continuous use of permethrin, adoption of bendiocarb and combined insecticides on the treated long lasting bed nets as well as indoor coating of walls or spraying.
Kajian Alkitab Terhadap Fenomena Ibadah Metaverse
Authors: Setiawan Tjutjun , Joswanto Andreas , Lie Lie Tan , Simon Simon
Published: December 2022

Abstract: Metaverse offered a virtual world where each member could interact with one another without face-to-face. Metaverse digital technology has drawn the churches’ interest to utilize it as an option for virtual worship. The existence of metaverse in churches has gradually led to less interaction among believers. Was it true that metaverse made the church ministry easier? What does the Bible say about the metaverse? This research used a literature study in which the function of the church was studied and how it related to the metaverse, a virtual space device. The conclusion is that the digital technology of the metaverse could not always be used in Christian worship. Biblical facts assign the believers' meetings (face-to-face) as an option and priority in communion. The Bible does not reject digital developments but requires believers and church leaders to be critical and wise in facing technological developments to improve the ministry and not to take people away from God and fellow believers because of technological devices.
Abstrak: Metaverse menyajikan sebuah dunia virtual di mana setiap anggota dapat saling berinteraksi tanpa harus melakukan tatap muka secara langsung. Teknologi digital metaverse sudah mulai diminati gereja untuk digunakan sebagai opsi dalam melakukan ibadah virtual. Kehadiran metaverse dalam gereja secara perlahan menyebabkan berkurangnya interaksi bagi sesama orang percaya. Benarkah metaverse memudahkan pelayanan gereja? Bagaimana kajian Alkitab terhadap metaverse? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka di mana fungsi gereja dikaji dan bagaimana relevansinya dengan perangkat ruang virtual metaverse. Kesimpulan yang didapat bahwa tidak selalu teknologi digital metaverse dapat dipergunakan dalam hal ibadah Kristiani. Fakta Alkitab menempatkan pertemuan-pertemuan orang percaya (tatap muka) sebagai opsi dan prioritas dalam suatu persekutuan. Alkitab tidak menolak perkembangan digital, namun menuntut orang percaya dan pimpinan gereja untuk bersikap kristis dan bijak dalam menghadapi perkembangan teknologi agar dapat memajukan pelayanan, bukan sebaliknya membawa manusia menjauh dari Allah dan sesama karena perangkat teknologi.
Kajian Atas Pemikiran Albert Schweitzer Tentang Kesejarahan Yesus Dan Implikasinya dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Authors: Silitonga Roedy
Published: December 2022

Abstract: Albert Schweitzer's thoughts were formed from his childhood from home to university, related to his search for the historicity of Jesus in the Bible, theology, and philosophy. This search was formulated with Schweitzer’s fundamental thought that Jesus is a moral teacher, on an equal footing with other moral teachers. This is not entirely true, even though the descriptions of his books refer to the four Gospels and the Pauline epistles. He concentrated only on the humanity of Jesus and did not write an introduction to the divinity of Jesus. The thought that Jesus is a Moral Teacher became the basis of strength for Schweitzer to carry out missionary services in Lambarene, Africa, among people who were suffering and had not received formal education. This paper uses qualitative methods and literature studies with descriptive studies and theological reflection. It is hoped that this writing will be useful for every Christian to know Jesus in His status as the Son of God and man while at the same time encouraging a Bible-based and Christ-centered Christian Religious Education learning process and the formation of godly character to serve fellow human beings.
Abstrak: Pemikiran Albert Schweitzer terbentuk sejak kecil dari rumahnya sampai ke perguruan tinggi, berkaitan pencariannya tentang kesejarahan Yesus secara biblika, teologi, dan filosofi. Pencarian itu melahirkan pemikiran mendasar bagi Schweitzer bahwa Yesus adalah Guru Moral, disejajarkan dengan guru moral lainnya. Hal itu tidak sepenuhnya benar, sekalipun uraian dari buku-bukunya merujuk pada empat kitab Injil dan Surat-Surat Paulus. Ia hanya memperhatikan kemanusiaan Yesus dan belum menuliskan pengenalannya akan keilahian Yesus. Pemikiran Yesus adalah Guru Moral menjadi dasar kekuatan bagi Schweitzer melakukan pelayanan misi di Lambarene, Afrika di antara orang-orang yang menderita dan yang belum mendapatkan pendidikan formal. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan studi Pustaka dengan kajian deskriptif dan refleksi teologis. Tulisan ini diharapkan bermanfaat bagi setiap orang Kristen untuk mengenal Yesus dalam keadaan-Nya sebagai Anak Allah dan manusia, sekaligus mendorong adanya proses pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen yang berbasiskan Alkitab, berpusatkan Kristus, dan pembentukan karakter yang saleh untuk melayani sesama manusia.
Adaptif di Era Disruptif: Strategi Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Menghadapi Tantangan di Era Disrupsi
Authors: Yuliani Sari
Published: December 2022

Abstract: This article describes an overview of the challenges faced by the world of education, especially theological seminaries, in the disruptive era, which has triggered major changes in the world of education. Theological Seminaries are required to carry out a transformation that is oriented toward to use of digital technology. The transformation is restricted not only to the system but also to the mindset of educators in managing educational services and implementing the learning process. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a library study approach. Descriptive research is carried out to find an explanation of a concept or phenomenon that occurs. The purpose of this article is to emphasize the importance of theological seminary in designing strategies for implementing the learning process and educational services in this disruptive era, as well as how to prepare competent human resources to support the successful implementation of education at the theological seminary. This is very urgent to be executed immediately, considering the challenges above are a reality that is currently happening.
Abstrak: Artikel ini memberikan gambaran tentang tantangan yang dihadapi dunia pendidikan, khususnya Sekolah Tinggi Teologi di era disrupsi, yang telah memicu terjadinya perubahan besar dalam dunia pendidikan. Sekolah Tinggi Teologi dituntut untuk melakukan transformasi yang berorientasi pada pemanfaatan teknologi digital. Transformasi yang tidak hanya terbatas pada sistem, tetapi juga mindset para pelaksana pendidikan dalam mengelola layanan pendidikan dan pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif melalui pendekatan studi pustaka. Riset deskriptif dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menemukan penjelasan suatu konsep atau fenomena yang terjadi. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini untuk menekankan pentingnya Sekolah Tinggi Teologi untuk merancang strategi dalam melaksanakan proses pembelajaran dan layanan pendidikan di era disrupsi, serta bagaimana mempersiapkan sumber daya manusia yang kompeten untuk menunjang keberhasilan pelaksanaan pendidikan di Sekolah Tinggi Teologi. Hal ini sangat urgen untuk segera diimplementasikan, mengingat tantangan-tantangan di atas adalah sebuah realita yang terjadi saat ini.
Factors Associated with Subspecialty Choice of Cardiology Trainees in the North West of England: Forced by Vacancy or have a Clear Plan of Future?
Authors:   Consultant Interventional Cardiologist, Countess of Chester & Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospitals 3, Queens drive, Liverpool L18 2DS, Kunadian Babu , Patel Mumtaz ,   Postgraduate Associate Dean, Health Education England, North West Consultant Nephrologist, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust,Deputy Director of Conduct and Progress, School of Medicine, University of Liverpool Clinical Lead in Quality Management, Joint Royal Colleges of Physicians Training Board, UK Manchester, UK
Published: December 2022

Aim: Limited information exists on perceptions and professional development preferences on how trainees choose their sub-specialty. This study plan was set up to explore trainee cardiologists’ views of sub-specialty choice, with particular emphasis on career choices. Methods: This study was undertaken using questionnaires – “predetermined” through a web-based survey method. All cardiology trainees in the Health Education England North West (HEE NW) based in Merseyside and Manchester were asked to participate. This study had ethics approval from Edge Hill University and HEE research governance group. Results: The survey was sent to 49 trainees in the region and out of them 32 the completed survey. 25% were females, 66% were in their Specialty Training (ST) ST3-ST5 training, 78% had their under-graduate training in the UK, 94% were full time trainees and 69% were in the 30 to 35-year age group. The stimulating career, positive role model, family friendly and stable hours were found to be the key professional developmental factors in sub-specialty choice. Female friendly was less favored. Interference with family life, intellectually stimulating, and compensation and integration were key perception on sub-specialty choice. Adverse job conditions were not perceived as influential in sub-specialty choice. Prior clinical experience and easy access to training were the other factors influencing the trainee’s choice of sub- specialty. The adverse job conditions including exposure to radiation, unplanned on-calls and long operating time were associated with procedural related sub-specialties. The interference with family life, more financial benefit, positive role models, professional challenges and patient focus were associated with interventional Cardiology. Female friendly, family friendly, stable hours, compensation / integration were associated with imaging sub-specialty. Conclusion: Studying in depth into trainees’ perceptions and preferences may help in any efforts to make sub-specialty choice attractive and also help match work force to demand in the region.
İslam Hukuku Açısından Örfî Nikahın Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BULUTLU Yusuf
Published: December 2022

Bu makale, son dönemlerde gittikçe yayılan yeni nikah türü olan örfî ni-kahın çeşitlerini, yayılmasına zemin hazırlayan sebepleri, istatiksel verilerle sosyolojik olarak insanların yaklaşımını ve fıkhî açıdan değerlendirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada toplumsal sebepler ve hukuksal normlar beraber düşünülerek doğru sonuca ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. İnsanların örfî nikaha yönelmelerini doğru değerlendirmek için çalışmada istatiksel verilere başvurulmuş böylece araştırmanın sosyolojik boyutunun da ortaya konulması hedeflenmiştir. Araştırmada önce nikah kavramının tanımı, rükünleri, şartları ve çeşitleri özetle anlatılarak nikahın kavramsal, hukuksal çerçevesi ve tasavvuru çizilmiştir. Böylece örfî nikahın değerlendirileceği ve kıyas edileceği asıl kavramlar ve normlar ortaya konulmuştur. Sonrasında çalışmanın asıl konusu olan örfî nikahın tanımı, çeşitleri, yayıldığı ülkeler, istatiksel veriler, ortaya çıkmasına zemin hazırlayan sebepler ve İslam fıkhı açısından klasikten gönümüze değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Bunun sonucunda örfî nikahın üç farklı şekilde yapıldığı, bunlardan ikisinin caiz birinin ise caiz olmadığı; bu nikaha başvuranların genelde birden çok evlilik yapmak isteyenler ile üniversite gençlerinden oluştuğu anlaşılmıştır. Bu nikahla ilgili iki temel görüşün varlığı söz konusu olup bunlardan birinci ilanı şart koşan Malikiler iken ikinci sadece iki şahidi yeterli gören cumhur ulama olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu örfî nikahın yarattığı bir takım olumlu ve olumsuz sonuçlarının olduğu, bu minvalde olumlu yönüne bakanların cevaz verdiği, olumsuz yönlerini göz önüne alanların ise cevaz vermediği görülmüştür. Ancak klasik dönemden bugüne bakıldığında cumhurun iki şahitli nikahı ilan şartını sağladığı gerekçesiyle gizlenmesi şahitlerden talep edilse bile caiz gördüğü belirlenmiştir.
المنهج النقدي عند المحدثين من منظور علم النفس المعرفي
Authors: AL BOGHA Asmaa
Published: December 2022

تتناول الدراسة قراءة الظاهرة النفسية بأدوات معرفية إسلامية متمثلة بمنهج النقد الحديثي، إذ تشير الدراسات التطبيقية لأصول المنهج النقدي الحديثي، إلى معرفة الناقد بموضوعات علم النفس المعرفي دون مصطلحاتها التي استقرت لاحقًا، وإن تطبيق تلك القواعد العلمية المتعلقة بعلم النفس المعرفي في أهم مداخل قبول الأحاديث أو ردها يبين بأن ثمة تشابه بين هذين العلمين من حيث الموضوع ألا وهو المعرفة الإنسانية. حيث قارنت بين الشكل الذي تناول فيه أهل العلمين بعض الموضوعات المتعلقة بالعمليات المعرفية كالانتباه والحفظ والذاكرة واختبارات قياسها، والموضوعات المتعلقة بالنفس الإنسانية التي هي محور هذه العمليات واستعداداتها ودوافعها وما يصيبها من اختلال، ثم مثلت لها بتطبيقات عملية من استعمالات المحدثين في المنهج النقدي والباحثين في علم النفس المعرفي لتحرير مواطن الاتفاق والاختلاف بينهما. وأخيرًا خلصت إلى أن ثمة تشابه جزئي بين العلمين من حيث الموضوعات المتعلقة بالعمليات العقلية وإن افترقا في الدافع والنتيجة. فشرط الضبط عند نقاد الحديث لتحقق وصف الثقة يتضمن معنى الانتباه الذي تحدث عنه علماء النفس، غير أن علماء الحديث كانوا أكثر تشددًا فيه لدواعٍ شرعية تتعلق بالثواب والعقاب. كما أثبت الباحثون في علم النفس المعرفي أن القدرات العقلية التي يتمتع بها الإنسان تلعب دورًا في مدى قدرته على الانتباه والتركيز، وهذا ما تنبه إليه نقاد الحديث الذين عمدوا إلى المقايسة بين الرواة لتمييز المقبول منهم من غيره