bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First detection of African swine fever (ASF) virus genotype X and serogroup 7 in symptomatic pigs in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Bisimwa Patrick N. , Ongus Juliette R. , Tiambo Christian K. , Machuka Eunice M. , Bisimwa Espoir B. , Steinaa Lucilla , Pelle Roger
Published: May 2020

Background
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and severe hemorrhagic viral disease of domestic pigs. The analysis of variable regions of African swine fever virus (ASFV) genome led to more genotypic and serotypic information about circulating isolates. The present study aimed at investigating the genetic diversity of ASFV strains in symptomatic pigs in South Kivu province of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
Materials and Methods
Blood samples collected from 391 ASF symptomatic domestic pigs in 6 of 8 districts in South Kivu were screened for the presence of ASFV, using a VP73 gene-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the universal primer set PPA1-PPA2. To genotype the isolates, we sequenced and compared the nucleotide sequences of PPA-positive samples at three loci: the C-terminus of B646L gene encoding the p72 protein, the E183L gene encoding the p54 protein, and the central hypervariable region (CVR) of the B602L gene encoding the J9L protein. In addition, to serotype and discriminate between closely related isolates, the EP402L (CD2v) gene and the intergenic region between the I73R and I329L genes were analyzed.
Results
ASFV was confirmed in 26 of 391 pigs tested. However, only 19 and 15 PPA-positive samples, respectively, were successfully sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed for p72 (B646L) and p54 (E183L). All the ASFV studied were of genotype X. The CVR tetrameric repeat clustered the ASFV isolates in two subgroups: the Uvira subgroup (10 TRS repeats; AAAABNAABA) and another subgroup from all other isolates (8 TRS repeats; AABNAABA). The phylogenetic analysis of the EP402L gene clustered all the isolates into CD2v serogroup 7. Analyzing the intergenic region between I73R and I329L genes revealed that the isolates were identical but contained a deletion of a 33-nucleotide internal repeat sequence compared to ASFV isolate Kenya 1950.
Conclusion
The ASF disease in the South Kivu province of DRC in 2018–2019 was caused by ASFV genotype X and serogroup 7. This represents the first report of ASFV genotype X in DRC. CVR tetrameric repeat sequences clustered the ASFV isolates studied in two subgroups. Our finding emphasizes the need for improved coordination of the control of ASF.
Potential for The Blood-Biomarker Cell Free UPK2 RNA to Detect Recurrence During Monitoring After Surgical Resection of Adenocarcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Zhu Ji , Lu Qijue , Li Bin , Li Huafei , Wu Cong , Li Chunguang , Jin Hai
Published: May 2020

This study attempts to identify and validate biomarkers that can be used to monitor recurrence after LUAD surgery. We downloaded lung adenocarcinoma data from the TCGA database and selected postoperative recurrence samples, and then performed WGCNA analysis to find key co-expression gene modules. Enrichment analysis of key gene modules was also performed using the DAVID database. Finally, we performed a survival analysis of the most interesting biomarker UPK2 obtained from the TCGA analysis in the Oncomine database and evaluated its impact on prognosis. Using WGCNA analysis, we obtained 39 gene modules, of which the purple module was most associated with recurrence. Among them, UPK2, KLHDC3, GALR2 and TYRP1 occupied a central position in the co-expression network which were also significantly correlated with the survival of patients. We collected 132 blood samples from patients with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma who were tested the expression level of free UPK2 in the plasma. The expression of UPK2 relative to GADPH in non-relapsed patients was 0.1623, and in relapsed patients, it was 0.2763. ROC was used to evaluate the effectiveness of free UPK2 mRNA in the blood for monitoring postoperative recurrence, with an AUC of 0.767 and a 95% confidence interval of 0.675–0.858. At the same time, patients with high expression of free UPK2 mRNA had significantly poorer survival than those with low expression of UPK2. The expression level of free UPK2 mRNA in plasma has the potential as an indicator of postoperative recurrence in patients with early LUAD.
Factors Influencing Adoption of Improved Structural Soil and Water Conservation Measures in Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Wordofa Muluken Gezahegn , Okoyo Eric N. , Erkalo Eliso
Published: May 2020

Background
Agriculture remains to be the leading sector that contributes enormously to economic development in Ethiopia. Despite its significant contribution to livelihoods, the sector faces persistent challenges due to depletion of natural resources and soil erosion that resulted in diminishing crop and livestock productivity. In order to curb the effects of land degradation, the Government of Ethiopia has been taking serious measures to expand Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) practices throughout the country. Despite the efforts made, the adoption of new practices by farmers have been generally low. This study was aimed to assess factors influencing smallholder farmers’ decision on the use of improved structural SWC practices in Haramaya district, eastern Ethiopia. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 120 farm households and 248 plots. A structured interview schedule was used to collect primary data. Descriptive and inferential statistics and Multinomial Logit (MNL) regression model were used to analyze the data.
Results
The key findings showed that a host of socio-demographic, economic and institutional factors significantly affected smallholders’ decision to adopt improved structural SWC. In this study, we found that education, farming experience, plot area, distance of the plot from dwelling, number of economically active household members, and extension contact were the significant predictors of using improved SWC structures.
Conclusions
Based on our findings, we conclude that improved SWC measures should be scaled up through a concerted effort of extension workers, local administration and other relevant non-state actors. In particular, the extension system should encourage rural communities on sustainable management and use of natural resources. Moreover, the need to create learning opportunities through facilitating appropriate training programs for farmers and focusing on proper management of available economically active household members should be emphasized.
Finite element modeling of nanoindentation on an elastic-plastic microsphere
Authors: Chen Jialian , Li Hongzhou
Published: May 2020

The understanding of the mechanical indentation on a curved specimen (e.g., microspheres and microfibers) is of paramount importance in the characterization of curved micro-structured materials, but there has been no reliable theoretical method to evaluate the mechanical behavior of nanoindentation on a microsphere. This article reports a computational study on the instrumented nanoindentation of elastic-plastic microsphere materials via finite element simulation. The finite element analyses indicate that all loading curves are parabolic curves and the loading curve for different materials can be calculated from one single indentation. The results demonstrate that the Oliver-Pharr formula is unsuitable for calculating the elastic modulus of nanoindentation involving cured surfaces. The surface of the test specimen of a microsphere requires prepolishing to achieve accurate results of indentation on a micro-spherical material. This study provides new insight into the establishment of nanoindentation models that can effectively be used to simulate the mechanical behavior of a microsphere.
A preoperative mortality risk assessment model for Standford type A acute aortic dissection
Authors: Kuang Juntao , Yang Jue , Wang Qiuji , Yu Changjiang , Li Ying , Fan Ruixin
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVES
Acute aortic dissection type A is a life-threatening disease required emergency surgery during acute phase. Different clinical manifestations: laboratory tests: and imaging features of patients with acute aortic dissection type A are the risk factors of preoperative mortality. This study aims to establish a simple and effective preoperative mortality risk assessment model for patients with acute aortic dissection type A.
METHODS
A total of 508 Chinese patients with acute aortic dissection type A who were admitted to our hospital were retrospectively included. All patients were unable to receive surgically treatment within 3 days from the onset of disease. Multivariable analysis was used to investigate predictors of preoperative mortality and to develop a prediction model.
RESULTS
Among the 508 patients: 394 patients survived (77.56%) and 114 patients died (22.44%). The following independent variables increased preoperative mortality: initial pain site: chest (OR = 7.536: P = 0.021): D-Dimmer ≥ 12000 ng/ml (OR = 2.982: P < 0.001): the average ascending diameter measured by transthoracic echocardiography ≥ 55 mm (OR = 4.226: P < 0.001): moderate or massive pericardial effusion (OR = 2.534: P = 0.040): electrocardiographic myocardial ischemia (OR = 3.355: P < 0.001): patent false lumen (OR = 2.808: P < 0.001): right common carotid artery involvement (OR = 4.415: P < 0.001): false lumen /true lumen of abdominal aorta ≥ 0.75 (OR = 2.310: P = 0.011). Our data suggest that a simple and effective preoperative death risk assessment model has been established.
CONCLUSIONS
Using a simple and effective risk assessment model can help clinicians quickly identify high-risk patients and make appropriate medical decisions.
Apremilast in refractory orogenital ulcers and other manifestations of Behçet's disease. National multicenter study of 51 cases in clinical practice.
Authors: Atienza-Mateo Belén , Martín-Varillas José Luis , Graña Jenaro , Espinosa Gerard , Moriano Clara , Pérez-Sandoval Trinidad , Martín-Martínez Manuel , Díez-Álvarez Elvira , García-Armario María Dolores , Martínez Esperanza , Castellví Iván , Sivera Francisca , Calvo-Alen Jaime , Morena Isabel de la , Ortiz-Sanjuán Francisco , Román-Ivorra José Andrés , Pérez-Gómez Ana , Heredia Sergi , Olivé Alejandro , Prior-Español Águeda , Díez Carolina , Alegre Juan José , Ybáñez Amparo , Martinez-Ferrer Angels , Narváez Javier , Figueras Ignasi , Turrión Ana Isabel , Romero-Yuste Susana , Trénor Pilar , Ojeda Soledad , Ros Inmaculada , Loricera Javier , Calvo-Río Vanesa , González-Vela Carmen , Castañeda Santos , Hernández José L. , Gonzalez-Gay Miguel A. , Blanco Ricardo
Published: May 2020

Background

Oral and/or genital aphthous ulcers are the most common symptoms of Behçet´s disease (BD), and are often refractory to conventional treatment. The inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4 apremilast (APR) has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of this manifestations. The objective of the present study was to assess the efficacy of APR in the management of refractory oral and/or genital ulcers in patients with BD.
Methods

National multicenter open-label observational study on BD patients with recurrent oral and/or genital ulcers. In all cases orogenital ulcers were refractory to conventional therapy. APR was given and maintained at standard dose of 30 mg twice daily. The main outcome was the achievement of oral and/or genital ulcers remission. Efficacy of APR for other clinical manifestations was also evaluated.
Results

We included 51 patients (35 women/16 men; mean age 44.7 ± 13.2 years). Before APR, all patients had received several systemic conventional and/or biologic drugs. APR was initiated because of refractory oral (n = 19) or genital (n = 2) aphthous ulcers or both (n = 30). Other manifestations found at APR onset were arthralgia/arthritis (n = 16), folliculitis/pseudofolliculitis (n = 14), erythema nodosum (n = 3), furunculosis (n = 2), paradoxical psoriasis induced by TNFα-inhibitors (n = 2), ileitis (n = 2), deep venous thrombosis (n = 2), leg ulcers (n = 1), erythematosus and scaly skin lesions (n = 1), fever (n = 1), unilateral anterior uveitis (n = 1) and neurobehçet (n = 1). After a mean follow-up of 8.5 ± 6.9 months, most patients had experienced improvement of orogenital ulcers and prednisone dose had been successfully reduced or discontinued. APR also yielded improvement of some non-aphthous manifestations such as the cutaneous follicular and intestinal manifestations. However, the effect on musculoskeletal manifestations was variable.
Conclusion

APR yielded a rapid and maintained improvement of refractory mucocutaneous ulcers of BD, even in patients refractory to several systemic drugs including biologic therapy.
A novel temporal identity window generates alternating cardinal motor neuron subtypes in a single progenitor lineage
Authors: Seroka Austin Q , Yazejian Rita M , Lai Sen-Lin , Doe Chris Q
Published: May 2020

Background: Spatial patterning specifies neural progenitor identity, with further diversity generated by temporal patterning within individual progenitor lineages. These mechanisms generate cardinal classes of motor neurons, sharing a transcription factor identity and common muscle group targets). In Drosophila , two cardinal classes are Even-skipped (Eve)+ motor neurons projecting to dorsal longitudinal muscles and Nkx6+ motor neurons projecting to ventral oblique muscles. The Drosophila neuroblast 7-1 (NB7-1) lineage generates distinct Eve+ motor neurons via the temporal transcription factor (TTF) cascade Hunchback (Hb)-Krüppel (Kr)-Pdm-Castor (Cas).

Methods: Here we use sparse labelling and molecular markers to identify a novel VO motor neuron subtype in the NB7-1 lineage, and birth-date this neuron to a Kr+ Pdm+ temporal identity window. We selectively drive overexpression of Kr and Pdm in the NB7-1 lineage, and assay the production and axonal targeting of ectopic VO neurons. We then use gain- and loss-of-function strategies to show that the identity and targeting specificity of the VO neuron is dependent on the transcription factor Nkx6.

Results: Here we show that a newly discovered Kr/Pdm temporal identity window gives rise to an Nkx6+ Eve- motor neuron projecting to ventral oblique muscles, resulting in alternation of cardinal motor neuron subtypes from a single progenitor (Eve>Nkx6>Eve). We show that co-overexpression of Kr/Pdm generates ectopic VO motor neurons within the NB7-1 lineage – the first evidence that this TTF combination specifies neuronal identity. Moreover, we show that the Kr/Pdm combination promotes Nkx6 expression, which itself is necessary and sufficient for ventral oblique muscle targeting, thereby linking temporal patterning to motor neuron synaptic target selection.

Conclusions: We show that one neuroblast lineage generates interleaved cardinal motor neurons fates; that the Kr/Pdm TTFs form a novel temporal identity window that promotes expression of Nkx6; and that the Kr/Pdm>Nkx6 pathway is necessary and sufficient to specify VO motor neuron identity and morphology.
Integrating a parenting intervention into pediatric primary care: A qualitative pilot study of stakeholders’ perspectives
Authors: Baumann Ana , Pilar Meagan , Walsh-Bailey Callie
Published: May 2020

Background In the U.S., children as early as two years old are being diagnosed with depression and other mental health problems. Children with chronic diseases also struggle with mental health problems. Evidence-based parent interventions can support these families by improving parenting practices. Pediatric primary care practices are ideal settings to provide parent interventions, as they can have broader reach, decrease stigma and improve health and mental health outcomes. There is currently no clear guidance as to how to integrate these interventions.Methods With the scientific premise that primary care settings can be a powerful place to reach families, this study examined barriers and facilitators of implementing an evidence-based parenting intervention within a primary care practice-based network.Results Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 community pediatricians in a Midwestern Practice-Based Research Network. The interview guide was developed based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), with a particular emphasis on intervention characteristics and the organization’s inner setting. A codebook was developed using CFIR. Interview transcripts were coded by two independent raters (kappa = 0.93). Data were analyzed using directed content analysis.Conclusions Themes at the outer and inner setting were identified as determinants. Using theory and stakeholder input will help adapt the intervention as well as its strategies to implement parent interventions in primary care settings.
Applying equity-centered principles in an interprofessional global health course: A mixed methods study
Authors: Stallwood Lisa , Adu Prince A. , Tairyan Kate , Astle Barbara , Yassi Annalee
Published: May 2020

Background
Medical students, practitioners and other health professionals are commonly unprepared to address the many complex issues that emerge while conducting research in the Global South. As a response to identified deficiencies in global health education, a hybrid online/face-to-face multi-institutional credit course was developed based on the principles advanced by the Canadian Coalition for Global Health Research (CCGHR), namely Authentic partnering, Inclusion, Shared benefits, Commitment to the future, Responsiveness to causes of inequities, and Humility. This study aimed to analyze the extent to which the course was effective in fortifying attitudes consistent with the CCGHR principles; identify successes and challenges; and assess how a course such as this can fill an identified gap.
Methods
This interprofessional course was offered to 25 graduate and postgraduate students in various health professions and public health. Faculty were drawn from medicine, public health, nursing and social sciences from four universities in Western Canada. A pre-post retrospective survey, key informant interviews and participant observation were used to gather data for this study.
Results
Findings showed that student attitudes regarding global health research and practice significantly evolved towards views consistent with the principles articulated. The multiple instructors and hybrid course format created both opportunities and challenges; the interprofessional nature of the cohort was considered a strong asset, as was the fact that many students came from the Global South. Some students suggested that the course could be further strengthened by concretely partnering with institutions in the Global South rather than offered solely to learners registered in universities in the Global North.
Conclusions
While weaknesses were identified, results support the conclusion that a course focused on the CCGHR principles could be useful in preparing the next generation of global health researchers and practitioners to mitigate historical limitations in this field. Longitudinal follow-up is warranted to provide more definitive conclusions.
Distinct Effect of Body Mass Index by Sex as a Prognostic Factor in Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated with Nephrectomy ~ A Data from Multi-Institutional Study ~
Authors: Tsutsumi Takeshi , Komura Kazumasa , Hashimoto Takeshi , Muraoka Ryu , Satake Naoya , Matsunaga Tomohisa , Tsujino Takuya , Yoshikawa Yuki , Takai Tomoaki , Minami Koichiro , Taniguchi Kohei , Tanaka Tomohito , Uehara Hirofumi , Hirano Hajime , Nomi Hayahito , Ibuki Naokazu , Takahara Kiyoshi , Inamoto Teruo , Ohno Yoshio , Azuma Haruhito
Published: May 2020

PurposeWe assessed the prognostic value of body mass index (BMI) in Asian patients with localized RCC who underwent nephrectomy.Material and MethodsA total of 665 patients who underwent nephrectomy for localized RCC were enrolled in the present study and divided into the two BMI groups: i.e., BMI <25 in 463 (69.6%) and BMI >25 in 202 (30.4%) patients.ResultsThere were 482 (72.5%) and 183 (27.5%) patients in male and female, respectively. No significant difference in the distribution of sex was seen between BMI groups (p=0.498). Five-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate were significantly higher in higher BMI (97.1 and 91.1%) compared to lower BMI group (92.5 and 82.7%) (P = 0.007 for CSS, and p=0.019 for RFS). When stratified by sex, significantly longer CSS in higher BMI was confirmed in male (5-year CSS of 92.7% in BMI <25 and 98.1% in BMI >25, p=0.005), while there was no difference in CSS between BMI groups for female patients (5-year CSS of 91.9% in BMI <25 and 93.7% in BMI >25, p=0.738). Multivariate analysis revealed that BMI was an independent predictor for CSS in male (HR: 0.4, 95%CI: 0.14 - 0.95, p=0.036), but not in female (HR: 0.73, 95%CI: 0.20 – 2.10, p=0.576).ConclusionOur findings collected from the multi-institutional Japanese dataset demonstrated the longer survival in patients with higher BMI compared to lower BMI for non-metastatic RCC treated with nephrectomy. Intriguingly, this finding was restricted to males, but not to females.
Two Weeks of Western Diet Disrupts Liver Molecular Markers of Cholesterol Metabolism in Rats
Authors: Saint-Amand Roxane , Sock Emilienne T. Ngo , Quinn Samantha , Lavoie Jean-Marc , St-Pierre David H.
Published: May 2020

Background
The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that excessive fat accumulations impair cholesterol metabolism mainly through alterations in the LDL-receptor (LDL-R) pathway in liver.
Method:
Rats were either submitted to standard (SD), high fat (HFD; 60% kcal) or western (WD; 40% fat + 35% sucrose (17.5% fructose)) diets for 2 or 6 weeks.
Results
Weight gain (~ 40 g) was observed only following 6 weeks of the obesogenic diets (P < 0.01). Compared to the 2-week treatment, obesogenic diets tripled fat pad weight (~ 20 vs 7 g) after 6 weeks. Hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels were greater in response to both the WD and HFD compared to the SD (P < 0.01) at 2 and 6 weeks and their concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in WD than HFD at 2 weeks. Plasma cholesterol levels were higher (P < 0.05) in animals submitted to WD. After 2 and 6 weeks, liver expression of LDL-R, PCSKk9 and SREBP2, involved in LDL-cholesterol uptake, was lower in animals submitted to WD than in others treated with HFD or SD (P < 0.01). Similarly, LRP1 and ACAT2 mRNA levels were lower (P < 0.01) among WD compared to SD-fed rats. Expression of the gene coding the main regulator of endogenous cholesterol synthesis, HMGCoAR was reduced in response to WD compared to SD and HFD at 2 (P < 0.001) and 6 (P < 0.05) weeks. Being enriched in fructose, the WD strongly promoted the expression of ChREBP and ACC, two key regulators of de novo lipogenesis.
Conclusion
These results show that the WD promptly increased TG levels in the liver by potentiating dietary fat storage and de novo lipogenesis. This impaired the pathway of hepatic cholesterol uptake via the LDL-R axis, promoting a rapid increase in plasma cholesterol levels.
Pre-analytical sampling and storage conditions of Amyloid-β peptides in venous and capillary blood
Authors: Walter Marlena , Wiltfang Jens , Vogelgsang Jonathan
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND: We analyzed the impact of pre-analytical storage and sampling conditions on plasma Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides.METHODS: Venous or capillary blood was collected and either stored as plasma or whole blood at room temperature or 4°C. Aβ 40 and Aβ 42 levels were measured using a chemiluminescence sandwich immunoassay.RESULTS: Aβ 40 , Aβ 42 and Aβ 42/40 levels significantly decreased during storage at room temperature in whole blood or plasma, starting at 6 hours after sampling. While Aβ 42 was most prone to the time of storage, Aβ 42/40 was stable up to 24 hours. Storing whole blood or plasma at 4°C led to stable Aβ peptide concentrations up to 72 hours. In addition, Aβ peptides could be measured in capillary blood. While Aβ 40 and Aβ 42 concentrations were slightly lower in capillary blood and started decreasing during storage conditions at 4°C, the Aβ 42/40 ratio remained constant up to 72 hours and was comparable to venous whole blood.CONCLUSION: These findings provide information that need to be respected in pre-analytical standard operating procedures for clinical and research practice to generate most reliable plasma Aβ measurements.
Identification of novel genes associated with dysregulation of B cells in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Inamo Jun , Suzuki Katsuya , Takeshita Masaru , Kassai Yoshiaki , Takiguchi Maiko , Kurisu Rina , Okuzono Yuumi , Tasaki Shinya , Yoshimura Akihiko , Takeuchi Tsutomu
Published: May 2020

Background The aim of this study was to identify at the transcriptome level the molecular mechanism of dysregulation of B cell subpopulations of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Methods We enrolled patients with pSS (n=6) and healthy controls (HC) (n=6) in the discovery cohort using microarray and pSS (n=14) and HC (n=12) in the validation cohort using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Peripheral B cells acquired from these subjects were separated by cell sorting into four subsets: CD38 - IgD + (Bm1), CD38 + IgD + (naïve B cells), CD38 high IgD + (pre-germinal centre B cells) and CD38 ± IgD - (memory B cells). Results Expression of the long non-coding RNA LINC00487 was significantly upregulated in all B cell subsets, as was that of HLA and interferon (IFN) signature genes. Moreover, the normalized intensity value of LINC00487 significantly correlated with the disease activity score of all pSS B cell subsets. Studies of human B cell lines revealed that the expression of LINC00487 was strongly induced by IFNα. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed six gene clusters associated with the B cell subpopulation of pSS. Further, SOX4 was identified as an inter-module hub gene. ConclusionOur transcriptome analysis revealed key genes involved in the dysregulation of B cell subpopulations associated with pSS.
Targeted alpha immunotherapy of CD20-positive B-cell lymphoma model: Dosimetry estimate of 225Ac-DOTA-rituximab using 64Cu-DOTA-rituximab
Authors: Lee Chul-Hee , Lim Ilhan , Woo Sang-Keun , Kim Wook , Kim Kwang Il , Lee Kyo Chul , Song Kanghyon , Lim Sang Moo
Published: May 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the radiation dosimetry of 225 Ac-DOTA-rituximab using Monte Carlo simulation of 64 Cu-DOTA-rituximab.Methods: CD20 expression was evaluated in lymphoma cell lines (Jurkat and Raji). DOTA-rituximab was conjugated and then chelated by 64 Cu. Tumor xenograft models were established in BALB/c-nu mice. Animal PET/CT imaging was obtained after tail vein injection with and without a pre-dose of 2 mg of cold rituximab. Specific binding of tumors was evaluated by an organ distribution assay and autoradiography. CD20 expression in tumor tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The residence time was calculated using 64 Cu-DOTA-rituximab PET/CT acquisition data using OLINDA/EXM software. 225 Ac-DOTA-rituximab dosimetry analysis was performed using Monte Carlo simulation.Results: CD20 protein was highly expressed in Raji cells. Specific binding of Raji cells was 90 times that of Jurkat cells (p<0.0001). Immunoreactivity was more than 75%. PET/CT imaging with 64 Cu-DOTA-rituximab was specifically observed in tumors. The radioactivity of the tumor was much higher than that of other organs, and tumor uptake was related to CD20 expression. The predicted human dose for the administration of 64 Cu-DOTA-rituximab was measured as the effective dose (3.20E-02 mSv/MBq). In the tumor region, equivalent doses of 225 Ac-DOTA-rituximab (14 Sv RBE5 /MBq) were much higher (74-fold) than those of 64 Cu-DOTA-rituximab (0.19 Sv RBE5 /MBq) ( p<0.01 ).Conclusion: Tumor dosimetry of 225 Ac-DOTA-rituximab can be estimated via the Monte Carlo simulation of 64 Cu-DOTA-rituximab. 225 Ac-DOTA-rituximab can be used as targeted alpha therapy for patients with refractory lymphoma.
Hospital incident command groups’ disaster medicine performance. A prospective study concerning decision-making and staff procedure skills during major incident simulations
Authors: Murphy Jason Patrick , Kurland Lisa , Rådestad Monica , Rüter Anders
Published: May 2020

Background

Hospital incident command groups’ (HICG) performance may have a profound impact on hospital response to major incidents. Previous research has assessed hospital incident command group capacity as opposed to performance and factors associated to performance. The objective was to assess associations between decision-making and staff procedure skills of the hospital incident command group.

Methods

This was a prospective observational study using performance indicators to assess hospital incident command groups’ decision-making and performance. A total of six hospitals in Stockholm, Sweden, with their respective HICGs participated. Associations between decision-making skills and structural procedure skills during major incident simulations were assessed using measurable performance indicators as per the protocol of the Disaster Management Indicator tool.

Results

Decision-making skills are correlated to structural procedure skills and overall HICG performance. Proactive decision-making skills had significantly lower means than reactive decision-making skills and are significantly correlated to structural procedure skills.

Conclusion

There is a significant correlation between decision-making skills and structural procedural skills. Hospital incident command groups’ proactive decision-making abilities tended to be less developed than reactive decision-making abilities and may be a predictive factor for overall hospital incident command performance. A lack of proactive decision-making ability may hamper efforts to mitigate the effects of a major incident.
DNMT1 mediated methylation silences miR-214-3p gene and promotes hair follicle stem cell differentiate into adipogenic lineages
Authors: Jin Fangcao , Li Min , Li Xuyang , Zheng Yunpeng , Zhang Kun , Liu Xiaojun , Cai Bingjie , Yin Guangwen
Published: May 2020

Background
Dysfunction of the DNA methylation was associated with stem cell reprogramming. Moreover, DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) deficiency was involved in the differentiation of hair follicle stem cell (HFSc), but the molecular mechanisms remain unknown.
Methods
HFSc from human scalp tissues were isolated and cultured. The oil red O staining was used to detect the adipogenesis. The interaction relationship between microRNA (miR)-214-3p and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) was accessed by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. The methylation level of miR-214-3p promoter was detected by methylation-specific PCR, and the enrichment of DNMT1 in miR-214-3p promoter was detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP). The mouse model of trauma was established to observe the skin regeneration at 0, 6 and 14 days.
Results
Expression of DNMT1 and MAPK1 was increased in the HFSc, while the expression of miR-214-3p was reduced. Moreover, DNMT1 inhibited the expression of miR-214-3p by promoting the promoter methylation of miR-214-3p. Overexpression of DNMT1 could reduce the expression of miR-214-3p but increased the expression of MAPK1 and the extent of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation. DNMT1 also significantly enhanced the adipogenic differentiation, and increased the proportion and markers of adipogenic cells. Importantly, DNMT1 promoted skin regeneration in vivo. Conversely, overexpression of miR-214-3p could reverse the effects of DNMT1 on adipogenesis of HFSc.
Conclusion
DNMT1 promotes adipogenesis of HFSc by mediating miR-214-3p/MAPK1/phosphorylated-ERK1/2 axis. This study may provide more biomarkers for the potential application in stem cell therapy.
The Relationship Between the Radiation Dose of Different Anatomic Bony Sites and Neutrophil Toxicity in Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Zhang Baozhong , Xu Liming , Liu Zhiyan , Chai Yanlan , Cao Yuanjie , Wang Jing , Hou Hailing
Published: May 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to verify the radiation dose of the pelvic bone marrow of different anatomical bony sitesand the incidence of neutrophil toxicity during the concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer.Methods: There were 117 cervical cancer patients who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy included in this research. The radiotherapy includedexternal-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and the brachytherapy. The dosimetric parameters included V5, V10, V20, V30, V40, V50, and Dmean. The final neutrophil count was defined as the lowest neutrophil count after 2 circles of concurrent chemotherapy, during or within 1 month after the treatment. The correlation between the dosimetric parameters and the lowest neutrophil count were analyzed by linear regression, the cutoff values of the dosimetric parameters were obtained using the ROC curves,the patients were divided into subgroups based on the cutoff values. The clinicopathologic features and the dosimetric parameters were included into the multivariate regression analysis model to further prove the correlation between the dosimetric parameters and the neutrophil toxicity. Data were assessed with IBM-SPSS software version 22.0, and all values of p<0.05were considered statistically significant.Results:The neutrophil toxicity (grade 1-4) rate was 58.97%. The linear regression showed the Dmean and V50 of Lumbosacral vertebrae(LS), the Dmean, V5, V10, V20, V30, V40 and V50 of the ilium correlated with the lowest neutrophil count, while none of the dosimetric parameters of the femoral correlated with the lowest neutrophil count.The multivariate analysis showed the V20, V30 and V50 of the LS, the Dmean, V5, V10, V20 and V30 of the ilium correlated well with the neutrophil toxicity; none of the dosimetric parameters of the femoral correlated with the neutrophil toxicity.Conclusion:During the process of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer, the volume of medium and high dose of LS and the volume of low and medium dose of ilium should be strictly limitedto reduce the risk of neutrophil toxicity, the Dmean of the ilium should also be taken into consideration. The dosimetric parameters of the femur could be ignored.Trial registration:This is a retrospective research, and it will be retrospectively registered.
Evaluation of Etests and the disk diffusion method for assessment of the activity of ceftazidime-avibactam against Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in China
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhang Feifei , Wang Zhanwei , Chen Hongbin , Wang Xiaojuan , Zhang Yawei , Li Shuguang , Wang Hui
Published: May 2020

Background: Gram-negative bacilli, particularly Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, often acquire antimicrobial resistance. Ceftazidime-avibactam was approved for use in China in 2019. However, currently available commercial antimicrobial susceptibility test kits have not yet been developed. Here, we evaluated the Etest and disk diffusion method for assessment of the efficacy of ceftazidime-avibactam against Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa in China. Results: In total, 194 Enterobacterales and 77 P. aeruginosa isolates, which were divided into a random selection group (140 Enterobacterales and 54 P. aeruginosa isolates) and a stock group (46 Enterobacterales and 31 P. aeruginosa isolates), were assessed by the Etest, disk diffusion, and broth microdilution (BMD) methods. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and zone diameters were interpreted according to the CLSI M100 30th edition. For all 271 Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa isolates, no very major errors were found using Etests. The overall categorical agreement rates (CA%) of Etests for Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa were 99.5% (193/194) and 96.1% (74/77), respectively. The overall essential agreement rates (EA%) of Etests for Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa were 95.9% (186/194) and 94.8% (73/77), respectively. In both the random selection and stock groups, EA% and CA% values of Etests exceeded 90%. Overall CA% values of the disk diffusion method for Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa were 98.5% (191/194) and 93.5% (71/77), respectively. There was no linear relationship between zone diameter and BMD MIC. Conclusions: For Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa, Etests and the disk diffusion method could have better performance as alternative methods to meet the needs of clinical treatment interpretation. Application of the disk diffusion method in Enterobacterales was superior to that in P. aeruginosa.
Antibacterial Potential of Streptomyces showdoensis BYC17 from the Nest of Odontotermes formosanus
Authors: Cao Wei , Xie Jia , Liu Jia-le , Zhang Yi-wen , Huang Zhong-di , Yin Cai-ping , Zhang Ying-lao
Published: May 2020

Background: With the continuous exploration and application of antibiotics, many common diseases have been treated while the evolution of drug-resistant bacteria has increased. The immediate raised of antibiotic-resistance makes it necessary to research special microorganisms for finding novel bioactive substances against drug-resistant bacteria. Insect-associated microbes have special metabolic pathways and are valuable resource base for the research and development of new antibiotics. The Odontotermes formosanus has formed a unique self-defense mechanismin the long-term evolution. Hence, nest of O. formosanus is a potential material for screening actinomycetes and compounds with bacteriostatic activity.Methods: The strain BYC17 was identified by morphological observation and 16S rDNA sequencing analysis, and the bacteriostasis test of BYC17 was carried on. The active component was separated and purified after screening, and the structure of the active monomer compound was determined by spectral analysis. Finally, the bacteriostatic effect of the active monomer compound was tested.Results: BYC17 was identified as Streptomyces showdoensis with antimicrobial activity against all three test bacteria. The monomer compound BYC17-01 was isolated from BYC17 and identified as izumiphenazine A. Under the concentration of 90 μg/6 mm filter paper, the inhibition zones of the monomer compound BYC17-01 against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Micrococcus tetragenus were 13.0, 9.0 and 11.1 mm respectively.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that izumiphenazine A produced by strain BYC17 hold the potential to be used against various human pathogenic microorganisms, particularly S. aureus and M. tetragenus .
Temporal and spatial pattern of endophytic fungi diversity of Camellia Sinensis (cv. Shu Cha Zao)
Authors: Wu Zhen zhen , Su Qing qing , Cui Yu chen , He Hong zhu , Wang Jia li , Zhang Yong , Zhao Yu , Abul Hassan , Yang Yun qiu , Long Yan hua
Published: May 2020

Background: The experimental materials were a 60-year-old tea tree (cv. Shu Cha Zao; SCZ) (the mother plant), and 1-year-old and 20-year old plants of SCZ that originated as cuttings from the mother plant. The aim of this study was to explore the spatial and dynamic distribution of endophytic fungi in different leaf niches (upper leaves, middle leaves, lower leaves) and rhizosphere soil on tea plants (Camellia sinensis) which with different ages in the same garden by high-throughput sequencing.Results: In this study, Ascomycota (83.77%), Basidiomycota (11.71%), and Zygomycota (3.45%) were the three dominant fungal phyla in all samples. Cladosporium (12.73%), Zymoseptoria (9.18%), and Strelitziana (13.11%) were the dominant genera in the leaf. Alpha diversity analysis revealed that endophytic communities in leaves differed from those in rhizosphere soil and different leaf niches had similar fungal diversity. Shannon’s indices and NMDS analysis indicated significant differences in fungal diversity and composition among the SCZ trees of different ages (p≤0.01). The abundance of Cladosporium and Zymoseptoria decreased with increasing SCZ age, whereas the abundance of Strelitziana increased.Conclusions: Our results illustrate the variation in endophytic fungi among different niches on tea plants of different ages. The distribution of endophytic fungi in leaves of C. Sinensis (cv. Shu Cha Zao) has a certain spatiotemporal variation.
Sleep quality and health in healthcare professionals fighting against COVID-19: a comparative study between high risk area (Hubei Province) and low risk area (Jiangsu Province) in China
Authors: Li Juan , Kong Xiangjing , Li Fanfan , Wu Bei , Xu Hanzhang , Wu Tian , Chu Jing , Liu Jianmin
Published: May 2020

Background: Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. Since then, there was an outbreak in Wuhan and the coronavirus spread quickly nationwide. Thousands of healthcare providers fought against COVID-19 in Wuhan and other areas of China. The present study aimed to investigate the levels and related factors of sleep quality of healthcare professionals fighting against COVID-19 in high risk area (Hubei Province) and low risk area (Jiangsu Province), and association between sleep quality and health. Methods: A total of 253 healthcare professionals in Hubei Province (n=119, female 72.3%, mean age=32.13±5.50, nurse 80.7%) and Jiangsu Province(n=134, female 94.0%, mean age=30.2±5.52, nurse 96.3%) were surveyed from February to March 2020. Sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, PSQI) and health were assessed using an internet survey.Results: The global PSQI score of Hubei sample and Jiangsu sample was 9.74±5.00 and 7.79±4.64, respectively. The global PSQI score and the scores of subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration and use of sleep medications in Hubei sample were significantly higher than that of Jiangsu sample (p<0.05). For Hubei sample, fear of infection, fatigue in Class 3 protection and worry about family were predictors of poor sleep quality (OR=5.020, 95%CI 1.761-14.306, OR=3.859, 95%CI 1.168-12.753, OR=3.576, 95%CI 1.002-12.759, respectively), while dizziness in Class 3 protection was predictor of poor sleep quality for Jiangsu sample (OR=7.063, 95%CI 2.323-21.470). Poor sleep quality was associated with reduced self-reported health after controlling for covariates for all samples(β=-0.75, p<0.01, β=-0.52, p<0.01, respectively).Conclusions: Sleep quality of healthcare professionals in Hubei was worse than that in Jiangsu. Poor sleep quality was associated to poor health. Our findings call for systematic sleep intervention program that are specially designed to help healthcare professionals fighting against infectious disease to improve their sleep quality.
Continuing Our Work: Transplant Surgery And Surgical Oncology In A Tertiary Referral COVID-19 Center
Authors: Berardi Giammauro , Colasanti Marco , Sandri Giovanni Battista Levi , Basso Celeste Del , Ferretti Stefano , Laurenzi Andrea , Guglielmo Nicola , Meniconi Roberto Luca , Antonini Mario , D’Offizi Gianpiero , Ettorre Giuseppe Maria
Published: May 2020

Background. COVID-19 is rapidly spreading worldwide. Healthcare systems are struggling to properly allocate resources while ensuring cure for diseases outside of the infection. The aim of this study was to demonstrate how surgical activity was affected by the virus outbreak and show the changes in practice in a tertiary referral COVID-19 center.Methods. The official bulletins of the Italian National Institute for the Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” were reviewed to retrieve the number of daily COVID-19 patients. Records of consecutive oncological and transplant procedures performed during the outbreak were reviewed. Patients with a high probability of postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) admission were considered as high-risk and defined by an ASA score ≥ III and/or a Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) ≥ 6 and/or a Revised Cardiac Risk Index for Preoperative Risk (RCRI) ≥ 3.Results. 72 patients were operated including 12 (16.6%) liver (n=6) and kidney (n=6) transplantations. Patients had few comorbidities (26.3%), low ASA score (1.9±0.5), CCI (3.7±1.3) and RCRI (1.2±0.6) and had low risk of postoperative ICU admission. Few patients had liver cirrhosis (12.5%) or received preoperative systemic therapy (16.6%). 36 (50%) high risk surgical procedures were performed including major hepatectomies, pancreaticoduodenectomies, total gastrectomies, multivisceral resections and transplantations. Despite this, only 15 patients (20.8%) were admitted to the ICU.Conclusions. Only oncologic cases and transplantations were performed during the COVID-19 outbreak. Careful selection of patients allowed to perform major cancer surgeries and transplantations without further stressing hospital resources, meanwhile minimizing collateral damage to patients.
A case of postpartum maternal death with COVID-19 in the west of Iran
Authors: Ahmadi Maryam , bonab Mehrangiz Zamani , Akbari Sorour , parsapour Hamideh , Alimohammadi Shohreh , Jenabi Ensiyeh
Published: May 2020

Background: There are a limited number of studies about COVID-19 during delivery and postpartum.Case presentation: A 38-years old G3p2 woman at 35 weeks and 4 days of gestation referred with the chief complaints of dyspnea, cough, headache, and fever. Pharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was negative for COVID-19; however, in chest computed tomography (CT) angiography, ground glass was observed in the basal lobe of the left lung. The infant was born via cesarean section with gestational age of 36 weeks and an Apgar score of 8/9. No infant document was found about COVID-19‎ and other infections in several days after delivery. The patient died eight days after the onset of symptoms due to cardiovascular collapse.Conclusions: We reported the first death of postpartum maternal with COVID-19 and a healthy baby with no evidence of COVID-19 and gestational age of 36 weeks.
Most frequent South Asian haplotypes of ACE2 share identity by descent with East Eurasian populations
Authors: Srivasta Anshika , Pandey Rudra Kumar , Kumar Pramod , Rasalkar Avinash Arvind , Tamang Rakesh , Shrivastava Pankaj , Chaubey Gyaneshwer
Published: May 2020

It was shown that the human ACE2 is the receptor of recent coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and variation in this gene may affect the susceptibility of a population. Therefore, we have analysed whole genome data of World populations focusing South Asia. Genetically, South Asians are more related with the West Eurasian populations rather than East Eurasians. Whereas, for this gene, unexpectedly South Asians are more closer to East Eurasians rather than West Eurasians. The phylogenetic analysis suggested that the majority of South Asian haplotypes are shared with the East Eurasians in the background of two unique event polymorphisms which are responsible for this attraction. The second SNP rs2285666 has marked difference among South Asian vs European/American. Hence, it is highly likely that among the South Asians, the host susceptibility to the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 will be more similar to East/Southeast Asians rather than the Europeans.