bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN METHODS OF DRAWINGS RECOGNITION AND THE POSSIBILITIES OF TRANSFORMATION 2D IN 3D
Authors: Khorolska Karyna
Published: September 2023

The article presents an analysis of the main methods for recognizing drawings and the possibilities of transforming two-dimensional models (2D) into three-dimensional models (3D). Despite the rapid development of IT, the question of accuracy and speed of transformation of two-dimensional models into three-dimensional ones remains open. As machine design technologies and corresponding automated decision-making systems (CAD) develop, the number of methods and models that can potentially be used in the task of drawing recognition and 2D to 3D transformation is rapidly increasing. Today, there are quite a large number of methods for recognizing drawings and converting them into a three-dimensional model, but each of them has a certain number of shortcomings. Therefore, there is a need to carry out a comprehensive analysis of these methods, which can potentially be applied in the context of solving problems of drawing recognition and 2D to 3D transformation.

It should be noted that there is a contradiction between the traditional procedure for preparing drawing documentation on paper media until the 80s and 90s of the 20th century and the new methods of 3D modelling that have been developed since the mid-90s. This gives designers truly unlimited opportunities to prepare design and technical documentation, without focusing on the problem of preparing design and drawing documentation and the features of entering input data. Application software significantly facilitates this process. Note that most 3D systems (for example, software products Autodesk TinkerCAD, DesignSpark Mechanical, FreeCAD, Autodesk AutoCAD, ZBrush, Blender, etc.) use approaches that allow synthesizing a frame or boundary representation of an object modelled in space. Professional systems (for example Autodesk 3ds Max, Autodesk Maya) use generalized models of spatial objects. This idea assumes that the designers have appropriate information arrays, which a priori should correspond to all projections of the object in the three main planes.
FORMATION OF A DATASET OF CRYPTOGRAPHIC ALGORITHMS FOR ENSURING DATA CONFIDENTIALITY TRANSFERRED FROM RECONNAISSANCE AND SEARCH UAV
Authors: Gnatyuk Sergiy , Polishchuk Yuliia , Kinzeryavyy Vasyl , Horbakha Bohdan , Proskurin Dmytro
Published: September 2023

The rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) has significantly changed the conduct of military operations and warfare strategies, offering numerous advantages in terms of intelligence, surveillance and combat capabilities. The use of UAV in the military sphere provides more complete situational awareness, operational efficiency and reduces risks to personnel. In addition, in the field of intelligence and surveillance, UAV have revolutionized the context of intelligence gathering. Equipped with the latest image processing systems, sensors and high-resolution cameras, they can conduct real-time aerial photography, monitor enemy activity and gather critical intelligence without putting the military at risk. UAV make it possible to conduct long-term operations in conditions of secrecy, providing commanders with valuable information for making strategic decisions. However, the issue of ensuring the confidentiality of critical data collected using UAV remains unresolved. With this in mind, in this paper universal dataset of cryptographic algorithms was created, it uses a neural network to select the optimal encryption algorithm. To form such a dataset, it was necessary to evaluate the speed of the crypto algorithms, their cryptographic security and other parameters. The developed dataset in synthesis with a neural network can be used to select the optimal crypto algorithm depending on the operating conditions. In further research, the authors plan to determine the criteria for using the generated dataset by neural networks and develop a knowledge base for neural network training.
APPROACHES TO ACHIEVING INFORMATION PROTECTION IN ORGANIZATIONS OF DIFFERENT FIELDS OF ACTIVITIES DURING A STATE OF EMERGENCY (MARTIAL WAR)
Authors: Chernish Yuliya , Maltseva Irina , Shtonda Roman , Kuznetsov Victor , Homeniuk Viktor , Pidkova Oleksandr
Published: September 2023

The number of cyber attacks is increasing. In modern organizations of various fields of activity, all information is increasingly stored in digital or electronic form, be it on individual computers or data storage devices, on the organization's servers or data storage services, or with the help of web-based "cloud" technologies.

The purpose of this article is to provide an understanding of information security and analysis of the solution to the problem, as well as to identify threats that can seriously affect organizations of all sizes.

This article examines the most popular methods of protecting information during wartime. Let's take a closer look at how this or that method can help you.

All businesses now have business-critical information and data stored electronically, so maintaining data security is critical. The growing use of web-based services such as the cloud creates additional digital security challenges.

Inadequate cyber security can compromise systems and services, harm people and, in extreme cases, endanger lives.

While an organization cannot guarantee that its digital assets are 100 percent secure, this article provides advice on how to assess threats to systems and develop a security regime that ensures that sensitive digital assets are always protected.
Estado hídrico y crecimiento de plantas de menta (Mentha spicata L.) bajo tratamientos con vermicompost y déficit hídrico
Authors: Rojo-Zavala Clara Samira , Nieto-Garibay Alejandra , Troyo-Diéguez Enrique , Lucero-Vega Gregorio , García-Galindo Emilio
Published: September 2023

Aproximadamente el 85% de las tierras emergidas en nuestro planeta están sometidas a la acción de la sequía. Dentro de los manejos que se realizan para lograr una mayor retención de agua en el suelo, es el uso de abonos agrícolas. La aplicación del vermicompost es uno de los abonos más usados para la mejora y preservación de los suelos agrícolas, es de fácil elaboración y bajo costo. Profundizar en el conocimiento de su uso en suelos de zonas áridas, permite un mejor uso de este recurso para la solución de problemas de sequía. Bajo este contexto el objetivo de este trabajo fue generar información acerca del uso del vermicompost y su efecto en un suelo con déficit hídrico en el cultivo de menta. Para esto se estableció un experimento con un diseño completamente al azar con dos factores el uso de vermicompost con un nivel de dosis usada por los productores de Baja California Sur, y déficit hídrico edáfico con un nivel estableciéndose después de haber realizado un riego a saturación hasta que se provoque una pérdida de turgencia sostenida en las plantas. Quedando los tratamientos de suelo-vermicompost-sin déficit (SVSD), suelo-vermicompost con déficit (SVCD), suelo-sin déficit (SSD) y suelo-con déficit (SCD). Los resultados mostraron que la dosis de vermicompost que se utiliza por algunos de los productores en Baja California Sur para el cultivo de menta es insuficiente para mitigar el efecto del déficit hídrico edáfico en el cultivo de menta. El efecto del déficit hídrico edáfico en plantas de menta se manifestó como un potencial hídrico negativo. Para futuras investigaciones se recomienda el uso de diferentes dosis de vermicompost para determinar las mejores cantidades de este abono para el cultivo de menta bajo déficit hídrico.
Rendimiento del maíz (Zea mays L.) en respuesta a la fertilización con nitrógeno, fósforo y silicio al suelo
Authors: Antúnez-Ocampo Oscar Martín , Sabino-López Juan Elías , Hernández Galeno Cesar del Ángel , Espinosa-Rodríguez Mariana
Published: September 2023

En el estado de Guerrero, el maíz (Zea mays) se siembra en diferentes condiciones edáficas y climáticas, en altitudes que van desde el nivel del mar hasta los 2880 m de altitud, principalmente en régimen de temporal y por productores que utilizan maíces nativos y mejorados. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la fertilización con nitrógeno y fósforo en combinación con silicio en los componentes de rendimiento del cultivo de maíz; bajo la hipótesis de que al menos una fórmula de fertilización y la aplicación de silicio al suelo generan un efecto positivo en el tamaño de la mazorca y el rendimiento de grano de maíz. La fertilización consideró dos factores; primero la fórmula de Nitrógeno, Fosforo y Potasio (N-P-K) con dos niveles (90-60 00 y 60‑40‑00); el segundo fue la fertilización de silicio (Si) con tres niveles (sin Si, Fermiphos y Silifosca®), cuya combinación originó seis tratamientos; los cuales se distribuyeron en un diseño experimental de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones. La fertilización N-P-K no afectó estadísticamente las variables evaluadas; excepto el diámetro que, fue estadísticamente diferente y se incrementó en 2% con 90-60-00. La aplicación de silicio (Fermiphos y Silifosca®) aumentó más de 12% la longitud y 6% el diámetro de la mazorca y 24% el rendimiento de grano. La fertilización con 90-60-00 + silicio (Fermiphos y Silifosca®) incrementó de 8 a 32% el tamaño y rendimiento; mientras que, la fertilización con 60-40-00 + silicio (Fermiphos y Silifosca®) superó de 4 a 28% los parámetros evaluados. El incremento de la fórmula de fertilización tuvo impactos mínimos y no constantes en el tamaño de la mazorca. Pero, la aplicación de Silifosca® o Fermiphos combinada con la fertilización N-P-K favoreció cambios positivos en el tamaño de la mazorca y rendimiento de grano con 90-60-00 y la adición de Silifosca®.
Importancia del Benzo(a)pireno en los sistemas biológicos y su biodegradación
Authors: Romero-Balboa-Osorio Adriana , Alatorre-Cruz Julia María , Carreño-López Ricardo , García-García Silvia María del Carmen , Marín-Cevada Vianey
Published: September 2023

El benzo(a)pireno (BaP) es una molécula que se encuentra altamente distribuida en los ecosistemas, así como también forma parte de productos que se utilizan y consumen de forma recurrente. Estudios recientes demuestran que este xenobiótico es metabolizado por los organismos formando metabolitos carcinogénicos, así como también tiene efectos genotóxicos, teratogénicos y se encuentra asociado a la pérdida de fertilidad y trastornos endócrinos. De la misma manera, debido a su dispersión y bioacumulación puede dañar severamente diversos ecosistemas. El objetivo de la presente es realizar una revisión sistemática para evidenciar la importancia del BaP en los sistemas biológicos y su biodegradación como una alternativa de biorremediación.
Parametric study of nonlinear finite element punching behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete slab
Authors: FAİZ Rayan , AL JAWAHERY Mohammed Shakib , GÖĞÜŞ Mehmet Tolga
Published: September 2023

This paper investigates the effect of fiber on the behavior of punching shear slabs; a finite element modeling approach is used to simulate the case study. The proportion mix of hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete, which contains 0.2 percent macro synthetic fibers and 0.68, 0.8, and 0.96 percent steel fibers, compressive strengths of 50 MPa, different longitudinal reinforcement used, and slab thicknesses of 150, 200, and 250 mm are all joined and investigated in this study. The ATENA software is used to perform nonlinear finite element analysis. The slab results validation was done similar to previous experimental work and the acquired results indicated that a great agreement was found. Thirty-six specimen two-way slabs with dimensions of 1900 × 1900mm were modeled in this investigation. All four sides of the slabs are simply supported. The results displayed that the ultimate shear capacity of the slabs increases with hybrid steel fiber. Nevertheless, the ultimate capacity of the slabs has decreased due to an increase in the reinforcement ratio and slab thickness.
Efectividad del ejercicio más suplementación con vitamina D3 sobre la masa y fuerza muscular de pacientes con artritis reumatoidea
Authors: Santiago Peña Ana Virginia del Carmen , Rada Villamizar María Andrea , Riera Parilli Humberto Luis
Published: September 2023

Introducción. La artritis reumatoidea es una enfermedad autoinmune con un proceso inflamatorio crónico de las articulaciones y con una respuesta catabólica incrementada que predispone a una elevada pérdida de la masa muscular.
Objetivo. Evaluar la efectividad de un programa de ejercicios de resistencia más suplementación con vitamina D3 en la movilidad, la masa y la fuerza muscular de pacientes con artritis reumatoidea que acuden a la consulta de medicina física y rehabilitación.
Métodos. Ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado realizado en 30 pacientes distribuidos equitativamente en tres grupos: grupo control, grupo con ejercicios durante 10 semanas y un grupo con ejercicios durante 10 semanas más suplementación con 2.000 UI de vitamina D3. Las variables fueron evaluadas al inicio del estudio y a las 10 semanas de iniciada la intervención.
Resultados. La edad media de los participantes fue 57,73 años y la gran mayoría (93.3%) eran mujeres. En el primer ítem de la evaluación de la escala SPPB (test de equilibrio) se observó un promedio inicial de 3,5 y final de 3,7, en el segundo ítem (test de velocidad de marcha) el promedio inicial fue de 2,8 y el final, de 3,3, y en el tercer ítem (test de levantarse de la silla) el promedio inicial fue de 1,1 y el final, de 1,6, con un resultado significativo final entre ellos (p<0,001). La medición de la masa mediante ultrasonido evidenció un valor significativo en el grupo de ejercicios más suplementación con vitamina D3.
Conclusión. La intervención durante 10 semanas de ejercicios de fuerza más suplementación con vitamina D3 (2.000 UI) produce una mejoría sobre los ítems de la escala SPPB y sobre la masa muscular de los músculos bíceps braquial y recto anterior femoral, lo cual podría incidir sobre la disminución del riesgo de caídas en pacientes con artritis reumatoidea.
Factors affecting the outcome of older adults followed in the intensive care unit according to age stages
Authors: Deniz Mustafa , Ayvat Pınar
Published: September 2023

Background/Aim: Increased frailty with age along with an increase in comorbidities heighten mortality in intensive care units. According to the World Health Organization, old age is divided into three stages: 65–74 years, 75–84 years, and 85 years and older. The lengthened human lifespan leads to a growth in the number of elderly patients in intensive care units, and the need to know the factors associated with prognosis in the three stages of old age. We aimed to define factors affecting mortality in these three stages of aging and the factors that can help predict prognoses.
Methods: In this retrospective cohort, data of patients over the age of 65 who were admitted to the intensive care unit of Bolu Izzet Baysal State Hospital between January 2016 and December 2020 were recorded using the hospital's automation system. Demographic data, blood tests, diagnoses and inflammatory biomarkers, such as RDW, NLR, and CAR were recorded. The data were analyzed using SPSS, and P<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: In this study, 46.2% of the 1566 patients died. The most common diagnosis for admission to the intensive care unit was sepsis, and the most common comorbidity was hypertension. While neurological impairment (P<0.001), malignancy (P=0.006), and cardiac disease (P=0.004) were associated with mortality in all three stages of old age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was associated with mortality in the 85 years and older age group (P=0.011) and diabetes in those aged 65–74 years and 75–84 years. The APACHE II score (P<0.001) and red cell distribution width (P<0.001) were highly effective in predicting prognoses in all three stages of old age.
Conclusion: In examining the factors associated with mortality in older age intensive care unit patients, we found that the APACHE II score and red cell distribution width were effective in establishing prognoses for all age groups.
قياس وتحليل مكوّنات دالّة الطلب الكينزية وأثرها على النموّ الاقتصادي ( العراق حالة دراسية ) للمدّة 2000- 2020
Authors: Miran Van
Published: September 2023

As known that, Iraqi economy rely significantly on oil export, therefore this economy consider to be addiction to oil. Oil sector finance the most government expenditure. Aggregate demand in Iraq depends on government expenditure in turn government expenditure depends on foreign trade. The research highlight on components of aggregate demand in Iraqi economy and in what extent those components effect on the growth of GDP. Modern econometrics methods was used to analysis and test the relationship between dependents variables which represented by aggregate demand components and independent variable which represented by GDP growth and their conformity to the Keynesian model. The research concluded that there is distortion in aggregate demand components in effect to the GDP growth.
Estimation Fuzzy Reliability of the Distribution Data (Topp leone- Kumaraswamy)With Application
Authors: Ali Laith , Hasan Abdulhusian
Published: September 2023

The process of mixing distributions is one of the vital and important processes that contribute to increasing the flexibility and efficiency of the basic distributions. In this research، a new idea was identified، which is the idea of building a new probability distribution function by the function generating the distributions (Topp - Leone) through the single distribution mode (Kumaraswamy). In the function generated and the derivation of the statistical properties of the resulting new mixed distribution (Kumaraswamy- Topp Leone)، which is characterized by efficiency and flexibility in data representation، as the more parameters of the distribution، the greater the accuracy، reliability and preference، and then estimate the parameters of the aforementioned distribution using the informational standard Bayes estimation methods in light of Different loss functions، and the method of optimization algorithm for the gray wolf (GWO)، the failure times were studied، which are often random and fuzzy mixture in it، and this is expressed in fuzzy numbers، and this leads us to estimate the fuzzy reliability function (Fuzzy Reliability) within certain ranges of belonging to the fuzzy group. Practically applying the (Kum - TL) distribution to the real data obtained from the Ministry of Electricity / South Baghdad Station - Al-Zafaraniya، which numbered (70) engines، representing the operating time of the engine until the failure in order to estimate the expected times of future failures. The results showed that the proposed distribution achieved a clear preference in representing real data. In addition، the results showed the superiority of the (BLS_10) method at all different cut-off levels.
انعكاس تطبيق المحاسبة عن حقّ الامتياز وفق معيار الإبلاغ المالي الدولي (15) على تقرير مدقّق الحسابات وتقرير مجلس الإدارة
Authors: abdulmenuim Amir , Salih Ayad , Mohammed Emad
Published: September 2023

The research aims to evaluate the impact of franchise accounting practices based on International Standard 15 on the quality of financial reports and provide recommendations and guidelines to improve franchising accounting practices and to indicate the importance of full disclosure of changes in the financial statements and their reflection on the franchise and to identify the concept of franchising and the most important features and services provided to the beneficiary parties. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher prepared a questionnaire consisting of two axes, the first is the axis of franchise and the second axis of financial reports depending on the research variables. The study population consists of a group of respondents in Iraqi private companies, audit companies or offices and Iraqi universities, and the study sample is represented by auditors, academics and accountants who were distributed the questionnaire form to them and their number was (136). The impact of the variables was shown by the use of the statistical program (SPSS) in the analysis of the questionnaire by the researcher and also the use of appropriate statistical tests for that purpose, the hypotheses were tested and conclusions were reached, the most important of which was that the study proved that there is a relationship between accounting for franchising according to the International Financial Reporting Standard (15) and the quality of financial reports, meaning that the expansion of franchise contracts needs high-quality financial statements that can be relied upon in making reassuring investment decisions. The research concluded with a number of recommendations, the most important of which is compliance with the accounting requirements set out in the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS15) for franchising accounting, and providing more information about franchising to local investors, through the establishment of websites or a booklet explaining the basics of franchise contracts, the role of the grantor and the grantee, the advantages and risks of investing in franchising, and organizing workshops or seminars on franchise contracts for local investors
The Effect Of Strategic Thinking Skills In Enhancing Strategic Ambidexterity (An analytical study of the opinions of a sample of directors of the Federal Integrity Commission)
Authors: Suheeb Jassim
Published: September 2023

The current research aimed to test the impact of strategic thinking skill as one of the most important strategic management skills in achieving strategic prowess, by distributing a questionnaire that included (54) department directors, office managers, department heads and their assistants from the Federal Integrity Commission, to indicate their responses to the questionnaire paragraphs. 8), Pisapia et al.) and the measure of strategic dexterity (2003, Benner, M. J.. & Tushman, ML) The study was based on the hypothesis based on the absence of an effect relationship between strategic thinking skills and strategic dexterity. A number of descriptive and inferential statistical methods and tools were used, including (Microsoft Excel, SPSS V.25) for the purpose of testing the aforementioned hypothesis, and the study reached a number of conclusions, the most prominent of which is The Integrity Commission, the study sample, achieves strategic prowess through a method that attracts new ideas. Exploiting opportunities and keeping abreast of developments through research and development of the authority's leaders and strengthening its path in achieving its organizational goals to deal with contradictory organizational phenomena.
أثر الذكاء العاطفي على تطوير الأداء الوظيفي
Authors: Abdulhusian Dalia
Published: September 2023

Emotional intelligence is one of the important topics that the majority of business institutions in general and educational institutions in particular may not focus on, perhaps because of the lack or weakness of awareness of its positive results affecting the performance of the employee. The study aims to address new elements that are different from what is familiar and to know the extent of their relationship and their impact on job performance through a questionnaire prepared for this purpose and analyze the results through descriptive statistical models, correlation and multiple linear regression model, where the study concluded that there is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and job performance. The university was chosen as an educational institution and a fertile field for this study, which recommends holding workshops that focus on spreading organizational awareness and the need to pay attention to the employee's feelings and status in order to build social awareness to be a basic pillar in interaction with others.
Impact of Energy Accessibility to Household Welfare in Developing Countries: Case Study Rwanda
Authors: Redempta Umuhoza , Julie Umugwaneza , Turabimana Pacifique
Published: September 2023

Nowadays, the world’s socio-economic development and well-being of society are based on energy accessibility. As the number of energy accessors increases some global problems have been highlighted including climate change and global
warming. Those problems lead the developing countries including Rwanda to food insecurity and poverty. Easily accessible energy in Rwanda is biomass energy which occupies above 83% of the total energy consumption. Electrification
and green energy like solar and gas energy are considerably increasingly accessed by Rwandans. Those clean energies are mostly available in the cities compared to the rural villages. Industries and other businesses are located
in the city due to the energy accessibility, and youth are shifting from rural areas to the cities to look for jobs and a civilized way of living. Therefore, in this study, we assessed and analysed the impact of energy accessibility
on the household’s welfare. The econometric approach method with Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey 5 (EICV5) has been used to assess the country’s level of energy access and the impact of energy access on the households
‘welfare is identified. We used simple regression analysis's ordinary least squares test (OLS) to analyze those impacts. The data from the National Institute of Statistics Rwanda that are treated using STATA software show that
access to electricity affects a household’s welfare generally increasing. From the coefficient estimates, the non-farm business increased by 68.4% in rural areas. In the education sector, there is an impact of clean energy accessibility
which has 52.6%. Therefore, the general consideration of the impact of energy accessibility impact to the household’s welfare plays an important role at a rate of 68% in people’s way of living in both rural areas and cities of
Rwanda.
Análisis del teletrabajo y su impacto en la nueva era digital (Caso Ecuador)
Authors: Villagómez Martínez Martha Narcisa , Ramírez Velásquez Joanna Carolina
Published: September 2023

Los avances tecnológicos, la globalización, y la pandemia causante del coronavirus han originado nuevos espacios que permitieron evaluar los cambios y reformas dentro del ámbito laboral, en tal sentido, el teletrabajo se presentó como una promesa para aplacar los efectos del aislamiento social por motivo de la emergencia, siendo que, esta forma de trabajo se ejecuta con herramientas tecnológicas, disminuyendo el contacto social. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el teletrabajo y su impacto en la nueva era digital. La metodología aplicada se basó en la investigación descriptiva bajo el paradigma cualitativo, partiendo de la revisión bibliográfica de la literatura, sobre artículos científicos publicados los últimos cinco años. El impacto que genera el teletrabajo depende del contexto en donde se lo realice, si su implementación se lo lleva a cabo dentro de un ambiente adecuado, con las herramientas óptimos, normativa laboral adecuada, y una capacitación oportuna, el impacto es positivo, por ende se evidencian ventajas como lo es la flexibilidad laboral, reducción en costo, por otra parte, cuando este no cuenta con dicho ambiente el impacto es negativo y por consiguiente genera desventajas, como: enfermedades profesionales por motivo de una mala organización de las tareas laborales.
A PILLAR OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES: INFLAMMAGING
Authors: KUTSAL Ali
Published: September 2023

With the prolongation of life expectancy, the increase in the number of elderly individuals in societies and the high rates of disability, frailty and morbidity associated with this situation have led to the acceptance of old age as a prior social problem. And since the 2000s, many studies have been carried out in this field. Inflammation is a very important physiological function and a complex biological process that is initiated by the immune system in response to infection, injury or tissue damage. In connection with this process, inflammaging refers to the chronic, low-grade inflammation that occurs with aging. As one ages, the immune system undergoes changes including a descent in the production of new immune cells and a decrease in the ability of existing immune cells to function properly that can contribute to a state of chronic inflammation. Clinical trials suggest that modulating inflammation prevents many of the chronic diseases, frailty, and disability that increases at older age. In the light of existing information, one can predict that a possible reason for long life today is the capability of reaching an optimal balance between pro- inflammatory (C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin 6, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and anti-inflammatory (Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein, Cortisol, Interleukin-10) molecules. Keywords: Aging; Cellular Senescence; Inflammation; Immunosenescence.
Fetal Echocardiography Audit in a Tertiary Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Adebayo BE , Akinmoladun JA , Agaja OT
Published: September 2023

Background: Delayed detection of congenital heart diseases in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) contributes to the poor outcome of infants with cardiac anomalies. Fetal echocardiography (FE) can detect heart defects in-utero as early as the 18th gestational week (GA), giving parents and medical professionals time to prepare for the baby's delivery and appropriate treatment. University College Hospital, Nigeria, is one of the few centres in Nigeria where FE is performed.
Objectives: To examine the indications for referral for FE and the diagnoses made in our first four years of performing FE.
Methods: FE was performed in the antenatal clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, using the GE Voluson P6 machine with a 2-6-RS probe. Demographic information was obtained from the antenatal clinic records of the women who had FE using a semi-structured questionnaire. FE diagnoses were retrieved from the FE register.
Results: A total of 129 women whose records were available were recruited for this study. The mean age of the women was 31.7±5.5 years. Forty-two women (32.6%) were referred because of echogenic foci, making this the most common indication for FE. Twenty-nine (22.5%) fetuses had structural heart defects, the most common being Ventricular Septal Defect.  
Conclusion: There is a need for Obstetricians and Paediatricians to be aware of the indications for fetal echocardiography and refer women appropriately.
Our “Wrong” Ruling Class: What to Expect from It?
Authors: Fishman L.G.
Published: September 2023

The article presents an analysis of the double problem that arises in the study of the contemporary Russian ruling class: one aspect of this problem is related to an adequate theoretical description of this class, and the other aspect concerns its self-positioning. The author considers the main paradigms of theoretical understanding of the nature of this class — as bourgeoisie, as bureaucracy, and as nomenklatura. The article demonstrates that, regardless of the adequacy of the description of Russia’s ruling class within the paradigms of bourgeoisie and bureaucracy, in the current situation the class prefers to position itself as the heir to the Soviet nomenklatura. Such a positioning endows the Russian ruling class with a much greater historical subjectivity than it could claim if it positioned itself as bourgeoisie or bureaucracy. The catch, however, is that in reality the Soviet nomenklatura possessed a very limited historical subjectivity and needed an external “editor” (regulator). The modern Russian ruling class has inherited this trait, which caused a number of difficulties that it experienced in the ideological and axiological spheres. Therefore, one should not expect global world-building projects from this class. The maximum that it can offer to other citizens is to increase their share of rent in the form of social payments, a Far Eastern hectare, and salaries to members of the special military operation. Taking populist steps, manifested in the refusal to show off their success, could become another component of the strategy of rapprochement with ordinary citizens. An “ideology” that is being formed around such a strategy will become a design of a new social contract. Today one can only guess what such contract will be about.
Stasis and Political Philosophy of Contemporary War
Authors: Tretiak A. R.
Published: September 2023

In recent years, political philosophy has increasingly faced the question about the nature of the contemporary war. Despite the invention of nuclear weapons, war has not disappeared from the historical scene. However, has its essence remained unchanged? In an era of global political communication, when it is increasingly difficult to separate foreign policy from domestic policy, do the trends in the development of military conflicts correspond to the classical ideas about war? One definitely needs a clear paradigm that would help to trace the common logic behind the whole variety of such conflicts taking place in the world today. The article is devoted to the consideration of one of these paradigms, which is gaining momentum among political theorists. It concerns the conceptualization of all the modern military conflicts as a global civil war. Based on the works of Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt, the author outlines the general contours of this approach, after which he turns to the analysis of the phenomenon of s civil strife, described by the ancient Greek notion of stasis — a term that Giorgio Agamben put back to the current political vocabulary. His detailed study of the original meaning of stasis and its interpretation in the works of Nicole Loraux and Agamben reveals the potential of this concept to be a theoretical tool for understanding the logic of modern war.
Patronal Politics and Turnovers of Regional Governors in Russia (Evidence from Social Network Analysis)
Authors: Balandin Yu.A. , Gaivoronsky Yu.O.
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to testing different approaches to explaining the turnover of the heads of the Russian regions after the return of direct gubernatorial elections. Until recently, two basic explanatory models of gubernatorial turnovers — electoral and socio-economic — were the most popular among the Russian political scientists. The influence on such turnovers of informal institutions and practices, which play a significant role in Russian politics, largely remained outside of view of researchers, and even today it is rather understudied. Therefore, the authors focus on identifying the possible role of this factor, employing network and regression analysis for this purpose. Based on the Henry Hale’s concept of patronal politics, the authors operationalize informal practices as patron-client relations, which implies unification of federal political and economic actors (patrons) and heads of regions (clients) into a patronal network, the position in which is potentially capable of influencing political stability. To measure a key indicator that reflects the weight of the head of the region in the patronal network, the authors make use of the centrality index that they calculated on the basis of their unique database, which covers all individuals who held the post of a governor from 2012 to 2021, as well as federal actors associated with them. The authors’ regression analysis of the factors that influence governors’ turnover testifies to the high explanatory power of the network model: the governor’s presence within the patronal network and his proximity to the key (central) actors of this network reduce the likelihood of resignation. At the same time, alternative explanatory models (electoral and socio-economic), as well as personal characteristics of governors (age, length of tenure, end of term at the office) retain their significance.
Previous and potential mutations of Sars-cov-2 receptors and their interaction with known inhibitors
Authors: Emmanuel Chuks Oranu  , Adanna Ijeawele  , Roselyn Nneka Egbuna  , Ebere Ifejirika Ezeonyi  , Chukwubuikem C Okolo  , Ikemefuna C Uzochukwu
Published: September 2023

SARS-CoV-2, the seventh coronavirus known to infect humans after 229E, NL63, 0C43, HKU1, MERS-CoV, and the original SARS-CoV, has a large positive-stranded RNA genome of 29,891 nucleotides and 9,860 amino acids. It is a strain of coronavirus that causes COVID 19. It was first discovered in the Chinese city of Wuhan. It undergoes several mutations hence posing a great difficulty in finding a suitable inhibitor. This studies previous and potential mutations of Sars-cov-2 receptors and their interaction with known inhibitors. There are four measures to take in generating SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors that might surpass mutation should it arise which includes; a. finding inhibitors with two or more mechanism of inhibition in virus target inhibition b. employing host target inhibition c. complex forming compounds that will interfere with viral-host cell fusion independent of interaction with the host or organism d. human receptor cell lookalikes with higher affinity to the virus (proteins). Employing any of these measures might produce a good inhibitor however, drug resistance may emerge quickly after treatment as a result of the numerous mutations that RNA virus experience but host cell mutations are uncommon, treatments that target the host cells may delay the emergence of drug resistance.
Systemic validation of mono-herbal Siddha formulation Kanduparangi chooranam through ICP-OES, GC-MS and microbial contamination analysis
Authors: C. B. S. BHARATH CHRISTIAN  , HARISH TITTO S  , NIRMALADEVI P  , ETHEL SHINY S
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Standardization of the Siddha drugs is the process that enhances the quality of the drug before entering into industrial purposes in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences. The reports from the instrumental analysis give adequate details to claim the therapeutic efficacy of the drugs without any hazardous effects which are already quoted in the Siddha classical textbooks. Materials and methods: The drug Kanduparangi chooranam was analyzed by the following methods, Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), total and specific microbial contamination test and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Results and discussion: ICP-OES results of Kanduparangi chooranam showed that the toxic heavy metals like As, Cd, Hg and Pb were Below Detection Limit (BDL). The total viable aerobic bacterial count and total viable fungal count of Kanduparangi chooranam showed that 9.2x 102 and 12.3 x 102 respectively detected level contamination were under the limits value of safety as per WHO guidelines. Specific microbial contamination test of Kanduparangi chooranam showed that there was no growth of the following microorganisms, Salmonella species, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. GC-MS analysis revealed that there was no trace of chemical compounds of Organo-pesticide residues (Chlorine, Phophorus & Pyrithroids) and Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2. Conclusion: Kanduparangi chooranam which was prepared from purified roots of Pygmaeopremna herbacea in a proper way as per the Siddha classical method, is useful for treatment purposes devoid of toxic heavy metals, microbes, pesticides and aflatoxins.
A review of the effect of fertility agents (Herbs and drugs) on the hypothalamus
Authors: Grace UMAHI-OTTAH  , Faith Ayobamidele OBAFEMI
Published: September 2023

The hypothalamus plays a central role in regulating fertility through its interactions with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the effects of fertility agents, including herbs and pharmaceutical drugs, on the hypothalamus and its role in fertility regulation. The hypothalamus directly influences the HPG axis by secreting GnRH, a hormone crucial for sexual development and ovulatory cycles. GnRH can be secreted in pulsatile or surge modes, with distinct implications for reproductive function. The HPG axis further regulates reproductive organs and hormonal production, affecting processes like oocyte maturation, ovulation, and steroid hormone synthesis. Herbal remedies have been used historically in various cultures to address fertility issues. Several plants, such as Withania somnifera, Punica granatum, Camellia sinensis, Matricaria chamomilla, Vitex agnus-castus, and Nigella sativa, have been studied for their potential to enhance fertility by modulating the HPG axis and influencing sex hormone levels. Pharmaceutical fertility drugs like clomiphene citrate and metformin also have a significant impact on the hypothalamus. Clomiphene citrate acts as a partial estrogen agonist in the hypothalamus, leading to increased gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) production and subsequent elevation of gonadotropin levels. Metformin, primarily used for diabetes management, can restore ovarian function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and improve pregnancy outcomes. Understanding the intricate interactions between fertility agents and the hypothalamus is crucial for developing effective treatments for infertility and optimizing reproductive health.
Upaya Menjaga Nutrisi Ibu Hamil dan Ibu Menyusui
Authors: Nikmah Nurun , Anggraeni Novi
Published: September 2023

Di dalam sebuah keluarga, kehamilan adalah sebuah anugrah yang dinantikan. Ibu hamil perlu untuk memperhatikan asupan nutrisi. Nutrisinya digunakan untuk mencukupi kebutuhan gizi Ibu dan janin. Selama kehamilan dan berlanjut pada masa nifas, ibu mengalami peningkatan kebutuhan zat gizi, utamanya yaitu protein, asam folat, dan mineral. Apabila hal ini diabaikan, dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan pada ibu, janin dan bayi nantinya. Berbagai risiko dan komplikasi yang mungkin timbul diantaranya adalah anemia, atau berat badan lahir rendah. Hal utama yang menjadi fokus pengabdian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu tentang nutrisi pada masa kehamilan dan menyusui. Banyak ibu yang tidak memahami bahwa selama hamil dan menyusui ada peningkatan kebutuhan gizi, bahkan di masyarakat banyak mitos yang dipercayai bahwa selama hamil dan menyusui dilarang makan makanan tertentu, yang kebanyakan makanan-makanan yang dihindari adalah dari jenis protein. Upaya peningkatan pengetahuan ini dilakukan dengan konseling individu dan kegiatan penyuluhan kelompok. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat menunjukan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan tentang bagaimana menjaga nutrisi pada ibu hamil dan menyusui di Desa Jaddih, Bangkalan. Dengan peningkatan pengetahuan diharapkan ibu dapat memenuhi kebutuhan gizi untuk kesehatan dirinya sendiri, bayinya, dan sebagai upaya mencegah terjadinya komplikasi.
PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN TENTANG PERUBAHAN FISIK DAN PSIKOLOGIS PADA MASA KLIMAKTERIUM
Authors: Munisah Munisah
Published: September 2023

The period of normal female anatomy and physiology development is indicated through six stages: prepuberty, puberty, reproductive period, climacteric and menopause, and senium. The reproductive period can be said to be the most important period in a woman's life which can last approximately 33 years. Towards the end of this reproductive period, it is called the climacteric period which is the transition period from the reproductive period to the senium period. In general, the symptoms caused by menopause are irregular menstruation, and hot flushes (hot flashes, emotional changes). In addition to these symptoms, menopausal women will experience a tendency to increase the amount of bone fragility (osteoporosis) and can be more susceptible to several diseases, such as heart disease. and blood vessels. This community service aims to increase women's knowledge about the physical and psychological changes that occur so that women are ready to face the climacteric period. This community service was carried out in the Pangajian Al-Hidayah DPP Gresik Regency group. By carrying out health education about the changes that occur during the climacteric period, these women finally understand the condition of their bodies, so that they can deal with any discomfort and anxiety about their body's condition does not occur.
ON THEORIES OF SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION: A GLANCE AT THE TURKISH EDUCATION SYSTEM
Authors: YILDIRIM TAŞTI Özlem
Published: September 2023

Education and schools in general are one of the most controversial issues of modern societies. The function of education as a social phenomenon is examined within the scope of the sociology of education. There are four different perspectives used as references to explain the role of education in society. In this paper, the theories in the field of sociology of education are presented under two headings: functionalist perspectives and critical perspectives. Afterward, the Turkish education system was interpreted in light of these theories. As a result, it was concluded that the Turkish education system generally reflects functionalist perspectives. Lastly, in light of the information presented in this paper, suggestions were made for further research and policy-making.
DISTANCE EDUCATION IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC PROCESS IN THE CONTEXT OF TEACHER OPINIONS
Authors: ÇEVİK Mehmet Nezir , ÇEVİK Mehmet Sabir , ŞENUFUK Yusuf
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study is to determine teachers' views on the COVID-19 pandemic process. The research was designed in phenomenology design in accordance with the qualitative research approach. The participants of the study consisted of 15 teachers working in Siirt and Bolu provinces. Maximum diversity and criterion sampling methods were preferred in determining the participants. The data obtained as a result of semi-structured interviews were analysed by content analysis. According to the results of the research, it was determined that the participant teachers made sense of the distance education process in terms of alternative, necessity, difficulty and technological context, stated that it has disadvantages as well as advantages and that it has different effects, especially psychological. In addition, it was determined in the study that teachers suggested solutions to the problems they encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic process in terms of infrastructure and technical support and training on the use of technology.
Analisis Network Security pada Layanan Wifi Indihome Terhadap Serangan Denial of Service (DOS)
Authors: Azmi Ahmad Yusuf Faiz , Gusti A G Jafaruddin , Wahyudi Eka
Published: September 2023

Teknologi yang semakin pesat diiringi dengan peningkatan peradaban manusia menyebabkan persaingan yang ketat. Indihome merupakan salah satu produk layanan dari Telkom Group berupa paket layanan yang terpadu dalam satu paket triple play meliputi layanan komunikasi, data, dan entertainment seperti telepon rumah dan internet (Internet on Fiber atau High Speed Internet). Namun disisi lain, terdapat hacker yang bertujuan untuk merusak akses koneksi antara pengguna hingga mengalami down atau tidak dapat diakses. Teknik serangan hacker untuk menyerang wifi korban hingga menjadi down adalah dengan menggunakan teknik penyerangan Denial of Service (DOS). Sehingga ketika pengguna menyambungkan lagi koneksinya dengan wifi pasti akan diputuskan lagi. Hal ini dapat membahayakan kepada keamanan lalu lintas data para pengguna jaringan wifi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan solusi dengan cara meningkatkan keamanan jaringan dari serangan DoS. Pengamanan ditingkatkan dengan cara meng-update keamanan jaringan dari router. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah jaringan aman dari gangguan ancaman DoS attack dengan menggunakan metode deauth attack dari software Kali Linux.