bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Extremely Rare Cause of Isolated Congenital Anosmia
Authors: Saw Chia , Friesen Noel David , Bartley Anthony
Published: July 2022

A 14-year-old adolescent was referred to a regional paediatric outpatient clinic with anosmia by her family doctor in Western Australia. The patient has no recollection of her previous ability to smell, suggesting the possibility of congenital anosmia. She was assessed in the paediatric outpatient clinic. A “noncontrast high-resolution MRI-brain scan with Anosmia-Protocol” was requested as the first-line investigation of choice by the treating paediatrician. The MRI was reported as “absence of olfactory tracts with preserved olfactory bulb volume.” We report an extremely rare case of “isolated agenesis of the olfactory tract with intact olfactory bulbs” and discuss the clinical approach in bedside assessment of isolated congenital anosmia (ICA). Congenital anosmia can be a presentation of olfactory bulb aplasia; however, little is known about isolated olfactory tract agenesis and its treatment options. The patient was counselled on the diagnosis and safety advice provided.
Neutropenic Enterocolitis: A Rare Complication of Sacituzumab Govitecan
Authors: Prescott Adam Ethan , Ravindra Aditya , Javed Asad
Published: July 2022

Neutropenic enterocolitis (NE) is a rare form of inflammatory colitis seen in severely neutropenic patients. Patients with NE typically have severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] <500/mm3) in the setting of exposure to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Taxanes have traditionally been associated with NE, but there has been a growing amount of literature, linking a variety of other chemotherapeutic agents. Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) is a novel antibody-drug conjugate comprising a topoisomerase I inhibitor component conjugated to an antibody targeting human trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (Trop-2). SG is approved for the treatment of unresectable locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) and urothelial cancer. We report a case of NE in a patient with mTNBC receiving SG and its successful management. Prompt diagnosis and management of NE in such patients can be potentially lifesaving.
Tuberculous Dactylitis in a Case of Multiple Scrofuloderma
Authors: Menaldi Sri Linuwih S.W. , Lubis Farah Faulin , Fadhilla Jhauharina Rizki , Widaty Sandra
Published: July 2022

This paper reports a case of tuberculous dactylitis and multiple scrofuloderma spreading through the lymph nodes. Scrofuloderma, also known as tuberculosis colliquativa cutis, is a form of cutaneous tuberculosis (TB) that occurs most often in children and young adults and involves the skin over the infection focus (i.e., lymph nodes, bones, or joints). Scrofuloderma can affect the lower limbs and upper arms by spreading osteomyelitis TB on the humerus, wrist, and elbow. This study reports the case of a 19-year-old man who initially developed painful and swollen skin, followed by the appearance of numerous recurring lumps on the left arm and hand and the right foot, as well as the folding right hamstring, over 3 years. The patient had no clinical improvement with antibiotics and excision. Radiography of the left hand showed tuberculous dactylitis. A biopsy of the left arm was performed, and Ziehl-Neelsen staining showed acid-fast bacilli. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was confirmed by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Anti-TB drug treatment was initiated with rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, and debridement was performed on the left hand, which resulted in significant improvement of the lesion. Atypical clinical manifestations and unawareness of M. tuberculosis as an underlying disease delayed the diagnosis and treatment of this patient with tuberculous dactylitis and multiple scrofuloderma.
The Effect of Work Climate on Teacher Performance Toward Organizational Commitment, Work Motivation, and Work Stress of Vocational School Teachers in East Barito District
Authors: Teresia Enni , Sulaiman  , Suriansyah
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the direct and indirect effects on work climate variables, teacher performance, organizational commitment, work motivation and stress the work of SMK teachers in East Barito Regency. The research method uses a quantitative descriptive approach with a research sample of 124 teachers spread across Vocational High Schools throughout East Barito Regency. Techniques Data collection is done by observation and questionnaires. Techniques Data analysis was carried out with simple and multiple regression statistical analysis to describe the influence between research variables. The results of the study show that: (1) There is a significant effect of work climate on organizational commitment (2) There is a significant influence of work climate on work motivation (3) There is a significant influence of organizational commitment on work motivation (4) There is a significant influence of work climate on work stress ( 5) There is a significant effect of organizational commitment on work stress (6) There is a significant effect of work climate on teacher performance (7) There is a significant effect of organizational commitment on teacher performance (8) There is a significant effect of work motivation on teacher performance (9) There is a significant effect of stress work climate on teacher performance (10) There is an indirect effect of work climate on teacher performance through teacher organizational commitment (11) There is an indirect effect of work climate on work motivation through teacher organizational commitment (12) There is no indirect effect of work climate on work stress through organizational commitment (13) T There is an indirect effect of work climate on performance through teacher work motivation (14) There is an indirect effect of work climate on performance through teacher work stress (15) There is an indirect effect of organizational commitment on performance through teacher work motivation (16) There is an indirect effect of commitment organization on performance through teacher work stress.
Selo turismo responsável e adesão dos meios de hospedagem em São Luís, Maranhão (Brasil)
Authors: Moraes Aline Ferreira , Leite Angela Roberta Lucas , Santos Saulo Ribeiro dos
Published: July 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar, a partir da percepção dos gestores hoteleiros, os impactos da adesão ao selo Turismo Responsável para os meios de hospedagem em São Luís. Adotou-se a abordagem mista, do tipo exploratório, com levantamento bibliográfico e documental. Entre março e abril de 2021, foram aplicados questionários, via Google Forms, a seis empreendimentos hoteleiros que aderiram ao selo na capital maranhense. Os resultados apontaram que os impactos da adesão ao selo Turismo Responsável foram positivos para a maioria dos empreendimentos, aumentando a confiança e a segurança do turista, além de promover e divulgar o destino. Apesar disso, observa-se falhas dos empreendimentos hoteleiros na execução dos protocolos sugeridos. Conclui-se que as reflexões geradas nesta pesquisa aprofundam a necessidade de investigar as influências positivas e negativas dessa certificação, incentivada pela gestão governamental, aos empreendimentos hoteleiros da cidade e consequentemente à economia local.
Ocorrência simultânea de cisto dentígero e odontoma composto-complexo causando impacção dentária
Authors: Brazão-Silva Marco Tullio , Guimarães Douglas Magno , Laranjeira Anamaria de Lima , Andrade Valdir Cabra , Rodrigues Danillo Costa
Published: July 2022

O presente trabalho ilustra e discute essa doença que representa o tumor odontogênico mais comum da prática clínica, o Odontoma. Para tal, apresenta um caso clínico com imagens clínicas e radiográficas esclarecedoras dos aspectos dessa doença, bem como discussão a partir de revisão narrativa de literatura direcionada para a caracterização da doença. Relata-se o caso de um odontoma composto-complexo, uma forma incomum de odontoma, mas que mantém os demais aspectos usuais, sendo uma mulher de 21 anos com lesão radiopaca em maxila detectada devido à não erupção do 23. A remoção cirúrgica seguiu a partir de acesso anterior na maxila e o exame histopatológico mostrou os aspectos típicos de um Odontoma composto e complexo juntos. Independentemente da variante, nota-se que o Odontoma é quase sempre indolente, porém requer cuidados de remoção precoce devido à possibilidade de crescimento, de desenvolvimento de cistos e comprometimento de estruturas adjacentes devido a sua localização e possibilidade de crescimento.
Gurus presidenciais: a guerra pela eternidade de Olavo de Carvalho, Steve Bannon e Aleksandr Dugin
Authors: Bueno Marília
Published: July 2022

Guerra pela eternidade, de Benjamin Teitelbaum, é o relato de sua busca pela compreensão do Tradicionalismo, corrente de pensamento de extrema direita, por meio de diálogos com seus principais expoentes atuais. Sua proposta foi entender como ideais tão radicais, que sempre estiveram à margem do debate público, ganharam importância nos últimos anos, chegando a influenciar os líderes políticos de diversos países. Para isso, Teitelbaum frequentou eventos ligados aos círculos Tradicionalistas e entrevistou alguns de seus representantes, dando especial destaque àqueles que chegaram a se tornar gurus ideológicos dos presidentes de três países: Brasil, Estados Unidos e Rússia, que, à época dos relatos, eram comandados por Jair Bolsonaro, Donald Trump e Vladimir Putin, respectivamente. Trata-se de uma obra essencial para compreender o movimento político mais transformador do início do século XXI.
Effectiveness and Safety of Antithrombotic Medication in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Intracranial Hemorrhage: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ivany Elena , Ritchie Leona A. , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Lotto Robyn R. , Werring David J. , Lane Deirdre A.
Published: July 2022

Background:

For patients with atrial fibrillation who survive an intracranial hemorrhage (ICrH), the decision to offer oral anticoagulation (OAC) is challenging and necessitates balancing risk of thromboembolic events with risk of recurrent ICrH.

Methods:

This systematic review assesses the effectiveness and safety of OAC and/or antiplatelets in patients with atrial fibrillation with nontraumatic ICrH. Bibliographic databases CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched. Articles on adults with atrial fibrillation with spontaneous ICrH (intracerebral, subdural, and subarachnoid), receiving antithrombotic therapy for stroke prevention were eligible for inclusion.

Results:

Twenty articles (50 470 participants) included 2 randomized controlled trials (n=304)‚ 8 observational studies, 8 cohort studies, and 2 studies that meta-analyzed individual-level data from observational studies. OAC therapy was associated with a significant reduction in thromboembolic events (summary relative risk [sRR], 0.51 [95% CI, 0.30–0.86], heterogeneity I
2
=2%;
P
=0.39, n=5 studies) and all-cause mortality (sRR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.38–0.71], heterogeneity I
2
=0;
P
=0.44, n=3 studies). OAC therapy was not associated with an increased risk of recurrent ICrH (sRR, 1.44 [95% CI, 0.38–5.46], heterogeneity I
2
=70%,
P
=0.02, n=5 studies). Nonvitamin K antagonist OACs were more effective at reducing the risk of thromboembolic events (sRR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.44–0.97], heterogeneity I
2
=72%,
P
=0.03, n=3 studies) and were associated with a lower risk of recurrent ICrH (sRR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.40–0.67], heterogeneity I
2
=0%,
P
=0.43, n=3 studies) than warfarin.

Conclusions:

In nontraumatic ICrH survivors with atrial fibrillation, OAC therapy is associated with a reduced risk of thromboembolic events and all-cause mortality without significantly increasing risk of recurrent ICrH. This finding is primarily based on observational data, and further larger randomized controlled trials are needed to corroborate or refute these findings.
THE MEDIATING ROLE OF MANAGEMENT INNOVATION IN THE IMPACT OF AGILE LEADERSHIP ON FIRM PERFORMANCE
Authors: ÖNALAN Gökhan Oruç , YILDIRAN Canan , ÖNALAN Oya
Published: July 2022

In the research, it was tried to determine the mediating role of management innovation in the effect of agile leadership on firm performance. The data were obtained online from authorized employees of a corporate company in January 2022. Questionnaire method was used in the research and questionnaires were distributed to 116 employees, but 103 questionnaires were replied. Pearson Correlation and Regression Analyzes were used to test the research hypotheses. In addition, Frequency Analysis was used to examine the distributions according to demographic variables. As a result of the research, it has been determined that agile leadership has a statistically significant effect on firm performance and management innovation, and the effect of management innovation on firm performance is statistically significant. The argument that management innovation has a mediating role in the effect of agile leadership, accepted as the main hypothesis of the research, on firm performance has not been statistically proven.
Neural Underpinnings of Proactive and Preemptive Adjustments of Action Control
Authors: Asanowicz Dariusz , Kotlewska Ilona , Panek Bartłomiej
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to trace the neural basis of proactive and preemptive adjustments of executive control and their effects on online processing of response conflict. In two EEG experiments, participants performed the flanker task with predictive cueing of conflict. The following questions were addressed: “Does conflict cueing improve performance?” We observed improved behavioral performance in the predictive condition, suggesting that participants proactively utilized the cues to prepare for the upcoming demands. “How is conflict processing affected by predictive cueing?” Conflict-related modulations of midfrontal N2 and theta power were smaller in the predictive than in the neutral condition. This suggests that proactive control suppressed the impact of incongruent flankers so that the conflict was reduced, and so was the involvement of online control. “Is proactive control implemented through preactivation of online control?” Conflict cueing increased midfrontal theta power also before target onset, suggesting preactivation of the control processes beforehand. “Do proactive and reactive control depend on common or unique processes?” Unlike the online control, the proactive control triggered a burst of theta power in the right hemisphere's dorsal and ventral lateral prefrontal cortices, connected with the midfrontal area via theta phase coherence. This indicates that the two control modes involve partially unique but coordinated neural processes. “Is preemptive control implemented through modulations of visual processing?” Predictive cueing modulated both the pretarget preparatory alpha desynchronization and the target selection-related posterior contralateral negativity (N2pc and sustained posterior contralateral negativity), in line with the hypothesis of preemptive tuning of sensory selection aimed at reducing the impact of conflicting stimuli.
Searching for Visual Singletons Without A Feature to Guide Attention
Authors: Tay Daniel , McIntyre David L. , McDonald John J.
Published: July 2022

RT studies have provided evidence for a singleton-detection strategy that is used to search for salient targets when there is no additional featural knowledge that would help guide attention. Despite this behavioral evidence, there have been few ERP studies of singleton detection mode because it was reported early on that the ERP signature of attentional selection (the N2pc) is absent without feature guidance. Recently, however, it was discovered that a small and relatively late N2pc occurs in singleton detection mode along with a previously unreported component called the singleton detection positivity (SDP). Here, we show that both components are influenced by the number of items in the display, as one might expect in a salience-based search mode. Specifically, the N2pc and SDP were larger when the set size was increased to make the singleton “pop out” more easily, when participants responded more quickly regardless of set size, and when RT search slopes were negative (Experiment 1). The latency of the SDP also depended on set size. In Experiment 2, EEG was recorded with a higher density electrode array to better characterize the scalp topography of the components and to estimate their neural sources. Regional sources near the ventral surface of extrastriate cortex in the occipital lobe explained over 96% of N2pc and SDP activities. These results indicate that searching in singleton detection mode selectively modulates processing within perceptual regions of visual cortex.
Women as a Category and Categories of Women: Gender and Hierarchy in the Chunqiu
Authors: Van Auken Newell Ann
Published: July 2022

This study examines references to women in the Chunqiu (Spring and Autumn), a non-narrative history covering 722 to 479 BCE, and written from the perspective of the ancient state of Lu. The Chunqiu records use form, including naming conventions, phrasing, and patterned inclusion of information, to display the relative rank of the individuals mentioned therein. Records related to marriage are of particular interest, as are death and funeral records. Writing about gender in hierarchical societies, anthropologist Sherry Ortner proposed that the status of women is “more similar” to that of men at the same hierarchical level than to that of women at other levels. This claim is largely borne out by the Chunqiu records, but analysis is complicated by several factors. First, certain features of the records indicate that women were regarded as categorically different from men. Furthermore, the Chunqiu draws a distinction between women who married in and those who married out, and between primary and secondary wives; thus categories of women do not correspond neatly to categories of men. Ultimately, the Chunqiu uses form to display an idealized hierarchy, conveying a system of roles and relationships that is simpler and more regular than the reality, and in which individuals or situations that deviated from the ideals of that system tended to be distorted or hidden from view.
Expansion of Smoke-Free Policies: Stepping Up FCTC’s Game
Authors: Tsampi Aikaterini , Been Jasper V. , Bruijn Michelle , Toebes Brigit
Published: July 2022

The Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (FCTC) is undoubtedly the most efficient international instrument for tobacco control. Article 8 FCTC shapes many smoke-free policies worldwide and in doing so it is usually associated with smoke-free regulation in enclosed public spaces. Our paper highlights that the FCTC contains a sound foundation for smoke-free policies that stretch beyond enclosed public places, such as open public spaces and (quasi-)private spaces. We demonstrate, in particular, that such wide smoke-free regulation, which is gaining momentum around the globe, is versatile and compatible with human rights standards. As such, these expanded smoke-free policies contribute to a wider culture of smoking denormalisation that scales up FCTC’s aspiration for tobacco control and subsequently to a smoke-free global society.
COVID-19 Vaccination and Legal Preparedness: Lessons from Ireland
Authors: Tumelty Mary-Elizabeth , Donnelly Mary , Farrell Anne-Maree , Ó Néill Clayton
Published: July 2022

Ireland has been a leader in the COVID-19 vaccine rollout in the EU, with almost 80% of the eligible population (aged over 5 years) fully vaccinated at the time of writing. The success of the vaccine rollout in this jurisdiction notwithstanding, the legal frameworks supporting the rollout had significant lacunas. Two aspects in particular highlighted a lack of legal preparedness: the inadequacy of the legal framework for consent and the absence of a vaccine injury redress scheme. This paper explores these components of the COVID-19 vaccine rollout through the lens of legal preparedness. Whilst most often discussed in the context of command and control measures such as social distancing requirements and regional lockdowns, this paper argues for an expanded understanding of what it means to be legally prepared, highlighting the importance of the preparedness of domestic legal frameworks.
Yeast in the Dough: Marginal Ecclesial Communities in Contemporary El Salvador
Authors: Potter Laurel Marshall
Published: July 2022

Ecclesial base communities and other marginal ecclesial communities are still an active and significant part of the Roman Catholic church in El Salvador and elsewhere in Latin America. However, instead of being the ‘nucleus’ of their church structures, as in the bishops meeting at Medellín in 1968 put it, these contemporary ecclesial communities identify more strongly with being ‘yeast in the dough,’ a decentralized ferment in a church and a society that is no longer majority-Catholic or even necessarily Christian. This shift is marked among a third generation of such communities in El Salvador by new forms of leadership and sources for theological formation, expanded theological methodologies and mediations for social analysis, and evolving approaches to social praxis updated to the current signs of the times. Ultimately, the marginal ecclesial existence of these communities represents, not a threat, but a gift to the whole church.
Immunities and Criminal Proceedings
Authors: Ruozzi Elisa
Published: July 2022

When delivering its final judgment in the Immunities and Criminal Proceedings case, the ICJ was faced with a complex situation. The case involved the launch of criminal proceedings against a foreign high-ranking official along with the resulting measures of attachment imposed on embassy premises. While the most controversial aspect probably lay in the ability to determine those persons vested with immunity ratione personae, the dispute also raised issues of diplomatic law, which actually became the predominant questions at stake in the case. The aim of the article is to provide an overall discussion of the dispute, focusing on some specific aspects of the Court’s reasoning. Specifically, it will consider how the interplay among the identification of the facts of the case, the role assigned to customary law and the approach taken by the Court to treaty interpretation can shape the evolution of and outcome to a dispute.
The family Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) from Ivory Coast (Republic of Côte d’Ivoire), with descriptions of nine new species
Authors: PARK KYU-TEK , YU TAE-UK , KARISCH TIMM
Published: July 2022

The family Lecithoceridae is reviewed with descriptions of nine new species from Ivory Coast (Republic of Côte d’Ivoire): four new species of Thubdora Park, 2018 (T. ivoryensis Park & Karisch, sp. nov., T. pulchella Park & Karisch, sp. nov., T. tonkpiensis Park & Karisch, sp. nov., and T. cuneiformis Park & Karisch, sp. nov.); and four new species of Dragmatucha Meyrick, 1908 (D. polystriana Park & Karisch, sp. nov., D. mediolinea Park & Karisch, sp. nov., D. ovartiella Park & Karisch, sp. nov., and D. flavoaurea Park & Karisch, sp. nov.) of the subfamily Torodorinae, and one new species of Pectinimura Park, 2008 (P. paraliberalis Park & Karisch, sp. nov.) of the subfamily Lecithocerinae. In addition, Thubdora barbata (Meyrick, 1933) and Thubdora vernaculella Park & Karisch, 2021 are reported for the first time from Ivory Coast, and the female of T. barbata is described for the first time. Images for adults and the genitalia of all species are provided.
A new species of whip spider, Sarax sinensis sp. nov., from Fujian, China (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae)
Authors: WU SHI-YANG , ZHU XIAO-YU , LIU YI-JIAO , De MIRANDA GUSTAVO SILVA , ROMÁN-PALACIOS CRISTIAN , LI ZHENG , HE ZHU-QING
Published: July 2022

To date, only two whip spider species have been recorded in China. We describe a new species, Sarax sinensis sp. nov., from Fujian, China. This species is morphologically similar to S. ioanniticus (Kritscher, 1959), S. israelensis (Miranda et al., 2016), and S. seychellarum (Kraepelin, 1898), but can be distinguished by the combination of the following characters: 35 segments in leg I tarsus, eight teeth on cheliceral claw, and four dorsal and ventral spines respectively on pedipalp femur. To examine the evolutionary history of S. sinensis sp. nov., we sequenced 12S, 16S, and COI gene regions of our specimens and inferred its phylogenetic position. The inferred phylogenetic trees placed the new species within Sarax, with its closest relative being distributed across the western Asia. The type specimens are deposited in the Museum of Biology, East China Normal University (ECNU).
A study on structure improvement scheme of electromagnetic flow sensor for slurry flow measurement
Authors: Gao Song , Ma Hao
Published: July 2022

A scheme to improve the structure of electromagnetic flow sensor is put forward in this paper, which can effectively solve the slurry noise problem when electromagnetic flowmeter measures slurry fluid. The electromagnetic flow sensor used for measuring slurry fluid has slurry noise interference in the measurement signal. At present, the method of increasing the excitation frequency of electromagnetic flow sensor is widely used to overcome slurry noise. However, high excitation frequency will lead to poor stability of zero point. In view of the shortcomings of existing methods, this paper studies the method of improving sensor structure to overcome slurry noise. Firstly, according to the mechanism of slurry noise, an improved scheme for the installation position of the measuring electrode of electromagnetic flow sensor is proposed, which can greatly reduce the probability of solid particles of slurry fluid colliding with the measuring electrode; Then, the relevant research results of bubble dynamics theory are applied to optimize the improvement scheme, and the improvement scheme is determined, through calibration, it is concluded that the improved sensor can reach the accuracy level of 1.0; Finally, through slurry measurement experiments, it is verified that the improved electromagnetic flow sensor can effectively overcome slurry noise.
Integration of various protein similarities using random forest technique to infer augmented drug-protein matrix for enhancing drug-disease association prediction
Authors: Kitsiranuwat Satanat , Suratanee Apichat , Plaimas Kitiporn
Published: July 2022

Identifying new therapeutic indications for existing drugs is a major challenge in drug repositioning. Most computational drug repositioning methods focus on known targets. Analyzing multiple aspects of various protein associations provides an opportunity to discover underlying drug-associated proteins that can be used to improve the performance of the drug repositioning approaches. In this study, machine learning models were developed based on the similarities of diversified biological features, including protein interaction, topological network, sequence alignment, and biological function to predict protein pairs associating with the same drugs. The crucial set of features was identified, and the high performances of protein pair predictions were achieved with an area under the curve (AUC) value of more than 93%. Based on drug chemical structures, the drug similarity levels of the promising protein pairs were used to quantify the inferred drug-associated proteins. Furthermore, these proteins were employed to establish an augmented drug-protein matrix to enhance the efficiency of three existing drug repositioning techniques: a similarity constrained matrix factorization for the drug-disease associations (SCMFDD), an ensemble meta-paths and singular value decomposition (EMP-SVD) model, and a topology similarity and singular value decomposition (TS-SVD) technique. The results showed that the augmented matrix helped to improve the performance up to 4% more in comparison to the original matrix for SCMFDD and EMP-SVD, and about 1% more for TS-SVD. In summary, inferring new protein pairs related to the same drugs increase the opportunity to reveal missing drug-associated proteins that are important for drug development via the drug repositioning technique.
News Framing and Preference-Based Reinforcement: Evidence from a Real Framing Environment During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Arendt Florian , Forrai Michaela , Mestas Manina
Published: July 2022

COVID-19 is a news issue that can be covered from many different angles. When reporting, journalists have to select, accentuate, or exclude particular aspects, which, in turn, may evoke a specific, and possibly constricted, perspective in viewers, a phenomenon termed the news-framing effect. Guided by the reinforcing spiral framework, we conducted a multi-study project that investigated the news-framing effect’s underlying mechanism by studying the dynamic of self-reinforcing effects. Grounded in a real-life framing environment observed during the pandemic and systematically assessed via a content analysis (study 1) and survey (study 2), we offer supporting evidence for a preference-based reinforcement model by utilizing a combination of the selective exposure (i.e., self-selected exposure) and causal effects (i.e., forced exposure) paradigms within one randomized controlled study (study 3). Self-selection of news content by viewers was a necessary precondition for frame-consistent (reinforcement) effects. Forced exposure did not elicit causal effects in a frame-consistent direction.
The efficacy of balance and proprioception exercises in female patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Ince Bugra , Goksel Karatepe Altinay , Akcay Seniz , Kaya Taciser
Published: July 2022

Objective

Loss of proprioception and balance disorders are commonly observed in patients with knee osteoarthritis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of balance and proprioception exercises in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Design

A single-center randomized trial with three parallel arms.

Setting

A tertiary health care facility in Turkey.

Participants

Female patients with knee osteoarthritis aged 40–70 years.

Interventions

Ten-week exercise program in Biodex training, classical balance training and isometric strengthening groups.

Main measures

Dynamic balance (overall stability index and the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance), pain (visual analogue scale), physical function (30-s chair stand test and 40-meter fast-paced walk test) and quality of life (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score).

Results

Eighty-nine patients enrolled in the study. The Biodex training group, the classical training group, and the control group had overall stability index values of 1.0 ± 0.07, 1.4 ± 0.07 and 1.4 ± 0.07, and the Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance – Condition-3 values of 0.7 ± 0.04, 0.9 ± 0.04 and 0.9 ± 0.04 respectively, at the end of treatment. In terms of pain scores on movement, each group showed significant improvement compared to their baseline, and the classical balance training group had better scores than the control group. No other significant difference was found between the groups. Physical function and quality of life outcomes showed significant main effects only in the time factor.

Conclusions

Balance and proprioception exercises may have positive effects on dynamic balance and pain. The effects on physical function and quality of life should be investigated in further studies with larger sample.
Sexting as a Predictor of First-Time Sexual Behavior Among At-Risk Early Adolescents
Authors: Bogner Jaclyn , Hadley Wendy , Franz Daschel , Barker David H. , Houck Christopher D.
Published: July 2022

“Sexting” (electronic transmission of sexual pictures/messages) among early adolescents is associated with early sexual activity, a marker of increased sexual risk. The current study is a secondary analysis that examined the longitudinal relationship between sexting and first-time sex among a sample of early adolescents deemed “at risk” due to behavioral or emotional problems. Adolescents participated in a longitudinal sexual risk prevention trial and completed questionnaires assessing demographics, unsupervised peer time, mental health, and participation in sexting, oral sex, and penetrative sex (vaginal/anal). Analyses included 343 early adolescents ( Mage = 12.89, 51% female, 77% racial/ethnic minority) with no history of oral or penetrative sex. Those who reported sexting at baseline were more likely to report first-time oral and/or penetrative sex by the 1-year follow-up. Exploratory analyses revealed that sexting predicted those who had engaged in both oral and penetrative sex. These findings highlight the need to address sexting in risk prevention.
Patient-reported outcome measurements in post-mastectomy implant-based breast reconstruction and radiotherapy: Analysis of BREAST-Q data
Authors: Sala Laura , Bonomi Stefano , Ciniselli Chiara Maura , Verderio Paolo , Pastori Marta , Maurichi Andrea , Cortinovis Umberto
Published: July 2022

Background:

Breast reconstruction has become a standard of care in patients undergoing mastectomy, greatly improving their quality of life. An increasing number of patients-reported outcome measurements (PROMs) have been developed over the years to better analyze patients’ subjective overall experience. BREAST-Q is the PROMs for breast surgery introduced in our practice to assess patients’ experiences when undergoing implant-based breast reconstruction and radiotherapy along with the use of Peak Plasma Blade and acellular dermal matrix.

Methods:

The pre-operative version of the Reconstruction BREAST-Q was administered to all 88 patients enrolled between December 2017 and December 2018 in the Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Unit at Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Milano through person-to-person interviews, while the post-operative version was administered to the 75 patients who completed a 12-month follow-up (four patients died during one-year follow-up and nine patients had major complications). The survey areas highlighted were: satisfaction with breast, psychosocial well-being, physical well-being and sexual well-being.

Results:

From BREAST-Q questions regarding Satisfaction With The Appearance Of The Breast and Psychosocial Well-Being outcomes showed significant improvement from pre-operative data, as well as with Satisfaction With Overall Care, with the exception of Physical Well-Being Chest.

Conclusions:

BREAST-Q allows the assessment of patients’ perception, not only for surgical results, but also for the overall experience with surgeons and medical staff. The women enrolled in our study reported an overall good patient satisfaction in most of the analyzed fields.
‘The sanctions are good for some people but not for someone like me who actually genuinely does their job search.’ British Jobseeker’s Allowance claimant views on punitive welfare reform: Hegemony in action?
Authors: Fletcher Del Roy , Redman Jamie
Published: July 2022

This article shows that the unemployed are broadly supportive of welfare reforms which have led to increased poverty; exacerbated ill health; led some to engage in ‘survival crime’ or to disengage from the social security system. This support is predicated on the perceived need to discipline ‘undeserving’ groups; principally the feckless, those gaming the system and migrants. The authors argue that this reflects the success of a ‘two-nations’ hegemonic project that has sought to legitimise an ongoing phase of capitalist development characterised by the removal of social protections, widening inter-class inequalities and the implementation of punitive welfare reforms to submit the unemployed to insecure poverty labour. This article makes a significant original contribution to the field by demonstrating that the resonance of the ‘two-nations’ hegemonic project resides in both its relatability to lived experiences of the unemployed and its tendency to cast a stigmatising threat over their out-of-work status.
Developing the Dynamic Bus Lane Using a Moving Block Concept
Authors: Luo Yinjie , Chen Jun , Zhu Shunying , Yang Yuwei
Published: July 2022

Existing dynamic bus lanes (DBLs) typically use a fixed and long blocking space to guarantee bus priority, leading to a conflict between bus priority and traffic capacity. This study proposes an innovative approach in a connected-vehicle (CV) environment, called dynamic bus lane with moving block (DBLMB). The length of the moving block can be adjusted with the bus speed in real time, aiming to ensure bus priority with fewer road resources, thus improving traffic capacity. A three-lane cellular automata model is established to evaluate DBLMB in comparison with two other strategies, bus lane without priority and bus lane with intermittent priority (BLIP). First, the benefits of DBLMB over the established DBLs are analyzed qualitatively by the macroscopic fundamental diagram. Next, simulation experiments are conducted to compare the coordination between bus priority and capacity under different strategies. Then, the impact of DBLMB on microscopic traffic flow is investigated through evaluation indicators including lane density, lane speed, lane-changing frequency, and travel speed. Finally, the sensitivity of bus delay and traffic capacity to CV penetration is discussed. The results show that: (1) the capacity of a three-lane road adopting DBLMB strategy can be stabilized above 5200 passenger car units per hour (pcu/h) when the bus departure interval is higher than 60 s and the expected level of service is below B. (2) With 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20% of CV penetration, DBLMB improves the average capacity of the road by 523 pcu/h compared with BLIP, with only an incremental bus delay of 6.43 s per vehicle.
Machining feasibility and Sustainability study associated with air pressure, air flow rate, and nanoparticle concentration in Nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication-assisted hard milling process of 60Si2Mn steel
Authors: Duc Tran M , Tuan Ngo M , Long Tran T , Ngoc Tran B
Published: July 2022

In recent years, more efficient hard machining processes have notably increased in demand for higher productivity but environmental friendliness. High hardness and strength as well as the enormous amount of cutting temperature are still the biggest obstacles. Nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NFMQL)–assisted hard machining has become a feasible and promising solution to overcome these problems. The work presents the experimental study on the effects of air pressure (5, 6, and 7 bar), air flow rate (150, 200, and 250 L/min), and Al2O3 nanoparticle concentration (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%) on minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) hard milling process of 60Si2Mn (50÷52HRC) using vegetable oil as the based fluid. Box–Behnken experimental design and ANOVA analysis were employed to investigate the influences and interaction effects of input parameters on cutting forces, surface roughness, and surface microstructure. This study will be used for selecting the optimum air pressure, air flow rate, and Al2O3 nanoparticle concentration for efficient cooling lubrication performance of MQL in sustainable hard machining. The obtained results show that the optimal values for air pressure and nanoparticle concentration. For Q = 200 L/min, the optimal p is 6.0 bar and the optimal nanoparticle concentration (NC) is 0.9%. For Q = 250 L/min, the optimal p is 5.2 bar, and the optimal NC is 1.2%. Furthermore, using air flow rate Q = 250 L/min gives better results than Q = 200 L/min, but the selection will be depended on the specific equipment conditions.
Uncertainty quantification for epidemiological forecasts of COVID-19 through combinations of model predictions
Authors: Silk Daniel S. , Bowman Veronica E. , Semochkina Daria , Dalrymple Ursula , Woods Dave C.
Published: July 2022

Scientific advice to the UK government throughout the COVID-19 pandemic has been informed by ensembles of epidemiological models provided by members of the Scientific Pandemic Influenza group on Modelling. Among other applications, the model ensembles have been used to forecast daily incidence, deaths and hospitalizations. The models differ in approach (e.g. deterministic or agent-based) and in assumptions made about the disease and population. These differences capture genuine uncertainty in the understanding of disease dynamics and in the choice of simplifying assumptions underpinning the model. Although analyses of multi-model ensembles can be logistically challenging when time-frames are short, accounting for structural uncertainty can improve accuracy and reduce the risk of over-confidence in predictions. In this study, we compare the performance of various ensemble methods to combine short-term (14-day) COVID-19 forecasts within the context of the pandemic response. We address practical issues around the availability of model predictions and make some initial proposals to address the shortcomings of standard methods in this challenging situation.
Dignity in relationships and existence in nursing homes’ cultures
Authors: Rehnsfeldt Arne , Slettebø Åshild , Lohne Vibeke , Sæteren Berit , Lindwall Lillemor , Heggestad Anne Kari Tolo , Råholm Maj-Britt , Høy Bente , Caspari Synnøve , Nåden Dagfinn
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Expressions of dignity as a clinical phenomenon in nursing homes as expressed by caregivers were investigated. A coherence could be detected between the concepts and phenomena of existence and dignity in relationships and caring culture as a context. A caring culture is interpreted by caregivers as the meaning-making of what is accepted or not in the ward culture.

Background:

The rationale for the connection between existence and dignity in relationships and caring culture is that suffering is a part of existence, as well as compassion in relieving suffering, and ontological interdependency.

Aim:

To describe different expressions of dignity in relationships and existence in context of caring cultures from the perspective of the caregivers.

Research design:

The methodology and method are hermeneutic. The method used was to merge the theoretical preunderstanding as one horizon of understanding with empirical data.

Participants and research context:

Focus group interviews with caregivers in nursing homes.

Ethical considerations:

The principles of the Helsinki Declaration have been followed to, for example, preserve self-determination, integrity, dignity, confidentiality and privacy of the research persons.

Findings:

Data interpretation resulted in four themes: Encountering existential needs that promote dignity in a caring culture; To amplify dignity in relationships by the creative art of caring in a caring culture; Violation of dignity by ignorance or neglect in a non-caring culture and The ethic of words and appropriated ground values in a caring culture.

Discussion:

Dignity-promoting acts of caring, or dignity-depriving acts of non-caring are adequate to see from the perspective of dignity in relationships and existence and the caring culture.

Conclusions:

Dignity in relationships seems to touch the innermost existential life, as the existential life is dependent on confirmation from others.
The moral experiences of children with osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Wang Yi Wen , Carnevale Franco A , Ezcurra Maria , Chougui Khadidja , Bilodeau Claudette , Siedlikowski Sophia , Tsimicalis Argerie
Published: July 2022

Background

Serious ethical problems have been anecdotally identified in the care of children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), which may negatively impact their moral experiences, defined as their sense of fulfillment towards personal values and beliefs.

Research aims

To explore children’s actual and desired participation in discussions, decisions, and actions in an OI hospital setting and their community using art-making to facilitate their self-expression.

Research design

A focused ethnography was conducted using the moral experiences framework with data from key informant interviews; participant observations, semi-structured interviews, and practice-based research (art-making) with 10 children with OI; and local documents.

Participants and research context

The study was conducted at a pediatric, orthopedic hospital.

Ethical considerations

This study was approved by McGill University Institutional Review Board.

Findings/results

Children expressed desires to participate in their care, but sometimes lacked the necessary resources and encouragement from healthcare providers. Art-making facilitated children’s voice and participation in health-related discussions.

Conclusions

Healthcare providers are recommended to consider the benefits of art-making and educational resources to reduce discrepancies between children’s actual and desired participation in care and promote positive moral experiences.
Ethical challenges experienced by care home staff during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chan Helen YL , Zhao Ya-Yi , Liu Li , Chong Yuen-Yu , Cheng Ho-Yu , Chien Wai-Tong
Published: July 2022

Background

Care homes have been disproportionately affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Practical challenges of enacting infection control measures in care home settings have been widely reported, but little is known about the ethical concerns of care home staff during the implementation of such measures. .

Objectives

To understand the ethical challenges perceived by care home staff during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Research design

An exploratory qualitative study.

Participants and research context

A purposive sample of 15 care home staff in different roles and ranks in Hong Kong was recruited to take part in semi-structured interviews between June and August 2020.

Ethical considerations

Ethical approval for this study was obtained. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. Participants had the right to withdraw from the study at any time without reprisal.

Findings

Three themes were identified: unclear legitimacy regarding infection control measures, limited autonomy in choices over infection control measures and inevitable harms to residents’ well-being. While the participants expected that they would have legitimated power to implement infection control measures, they were resistant when their right to self-determination of testing and vaccination was infringed. They also felt trapped between ethical duties to protect care home residents from infection risk and the anticipated detrimental effects of infection control measures.

Conclusions

The findings of this study reveal tensions among the ethical obligations of care home staff in response to a public health emergency. They highlight the importance of strengthening ethical sensitivity and ethical leadership in identifying and resolving the challenges of pandemic responses.
Sixty Years After Orne’s American Psychologist Article: A Conceptual Framework for Subjective Experiences Elicited by Demand Characteristics
Authors: Corneille Olivier , Lush Peter
Published: July 2022

Study participants form beliefs based on cues present in a testing situation (demand characteristics). These beliefs can alter study outcomes (demand effects). Neglecting demand effects can threaten the internal and external validity of studies (including their replication). While demand characteristics garnered much attention following Orne’s introduction of this notion, consideration of their effects has become sparse in experimental reports. Moreover, the concept remains confusing. Here, we introduce a conceptual framework for subjective experiences elicited by demand characteristics. The model distinguishes between participants’ awareness of the hypothesis, their motivation to comply with it, and the strategy they use to meet situational requirements. We stress that demand characteristics can give rise to genuine experiences. To illustrate, we apply the model to Evaluative Conditioning and the Rubber Hand Illusion. In the General Discussion, we discuss risks and opportunities associated with demand characteristics, and we explain that they remain highly relevant to current research.