bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ДИНАМИЧЕСКИЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ ПРИ ВЫСОКОЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОМ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИИ НА ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ
Authors: Малашенко В.В. , Малашенко Т.И.
Published: July 2021

Изложены основные положения теории динамического взаимодействия структурных дефектов. Теоретически проанализировано движение дислокаций при высокоскоростной деформации. Механизм диссипации в динамической области заключается в необратимом переходе кинетической энергии дислокаций в энергию ее колебаний в плоскости скольжения. Динамическое торможение дислокаций структурными дефектами зависит от спектра дислокационных колебаний и упругих полей дефектов. Коллективное взаимодействие структурных дефектов является причиной возникновения щели в спектре дислокационных колебаний. Величина этой щели равна отношению скорости звука к характерному масштабу доминирующего взаимодействия. Наличие щели означает, что дислокация совершает колебания в параболической потенциальной яме, которая перемещается по кристаллу вместе с ней. На основе теории динамического взаимодействия структурных дефектов объяснена немонотонная зависимость предела текучести кристалла от концентрации примесей и скорости пластической деформации.
ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ СТРУКТУРЫ И МЕХАНИЗМЫ УПРОЧНЕНИЯ МЕТАЛЛА РЕЛЬСОВ ПРИ ДЛИТЕЛЬНОЙ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ
Authors: Иванов Ю.Ф. , Кормышев В.Е. , Громов В.Е. , Юрьев А.А. , Рубанникова Ю.А.
Published: July 2021

Методами просвечивающей и сканирующей электронной микроскопии, рентгеноструктурного анализа выявлены закономерности формирования фазового состава, дефектной субструктуры и свойств дифференцированно закаленных 100-метровых рельсов на различной глубине до 10 ммв головке рельсов по центральной оси и по оси симметрии выкружки в исходном состоянии и после различных сроков экстремальной эксплуатации (пропущенный тоннаж 691.8 и 1411 млн. тонн брутто) на экспериментальном кольце РЖД. На их основе выполнен количественный сравнительный анализ механизмов упрочнения поверхностных слоев рельсов. Показано, что прочность стали является многофакторной величиной и определяется суммарным действием ряда физических механизмов. Оценены вклады, обусловленные трением решетки матрицы, внутрифазными границами, дислокационной субструктурой, присутствием карбидных частиц, внутренними полями напряжений, твердорастворным упрочнением и перлитной составляющей структуры стали. Показано, что длительная эксплуатация рельсов сопровождается деградацией структуры пластинчатого перлита. В наибольшей степени это наблюдается в поверхностном слое, где формируется фрагментированная структура в феррите, разрушаются пластины цементита, повторно выделяются наноразмерные частицы цементита. Размеры фрагментов феррита в поверхностном слое выкружки изменяются в пределах 30-40 нм, а в поверхностном слое поверхности катания – 150-300 нм. Относительное содержание зерен с фрагментами составляет 25% в поверхностном слое выкружки и 15% в поверхностном слое поверхности катания. Увеличение пропущенного тоннажа с 691.8 до 1411 млн. тонн до 2-х раз повышает прочность стали на пределе текучести, при этом прочность поверхностного слоя выкружки значительно (до 2-х раз) выше поверхностного слоя поверхности катания. Разрушение головки рельсов будет протекать в поверхностном слое выкружки.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ПИЩЕВОЙ ЦЕННОСТИ БУЛОЧНЫХ ИЗДЕЛИЙ С МУКОЙ ИЗ СЕМЯН МАСЛИЧНЫХ КУЛЬТУР
Authors: Захарова А.С. , Кузьмина С.С. , Егорова Е.Ю. , Козубаева Л.А.
Published: July 2021

Комбинирование разных видов муки при разработке новых рецептур мучных изделий перспективно в плане повышения их пищевой ценности и с позиций привлечения потенциального потребителя. Целью работы являлся анализ изменения пищевой ценности булочных изделий при добавлении расчётных комбинаций полуобезжиренной муки из масличных семян: тыквенной, кунжутной и амарантовой. Установлено, что увеличение дозировки масличной муки способствует повышению содержания в готовых изделиях пищевых волокон и легкоусвояемых белков при снижении доли легкоусвояемых углеводов; витаминно-мине­ральная ценность изделий зависит от видов масличной муки, комбинируемых при внесении в мучную смесь. При этом макрокомпонентный состав булочек становится более сбалансированным, в 1,5–3 раза увеличивается содержание витаминов В1, В2 и РР, ещё более существенно повышается минеральная ценность изделий. Использование в хлебопечении смесей тыквенной и кунжутной (начиная с комбинации 6 % + 6 %), амарантовой и тыквенной (4 % + 4 %), амарантовой и кунжутной муки (4 % + 4 %) позволяет перевести продукцию в категорию функциональной, как источник витаминов группы В, магния, железа и фосфора.
Predictive Value of Apoptotic Factor M30 for Negative Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors:   Department of Cardiology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India, J Yusuf , S Mukhopadhyay ,   Department of Cardiology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India, PN Viadya ,   Department of Cardiology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India, A Gautam ,   Department of Cardiology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India, V Mehta ,   Department of Cardiology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India, MD Gupta ,   Department of Cardiology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India, B Mahajan ,   Department of Biochemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
Published: July 2021

Background: Left Ventricular Negative Remodeling (LVNR) following Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PPCI) is an important cause of LV systolic dysfunction due to Irreversible Myocardial Injury (IMI). Both necrosis and apoptosis contribute to IMI and LVNR. We assessed the role of specific apoptotic marker M30 in predicting LVNR in patients of anterior wall ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) undergoing PPCI within 12 hours of symptom onset. Methods: This prospective study was done on 100 consecutive patients of anterior wall STEMI (87 men and 13 women, mean age 52.15±12.08 years) meeting our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Blood sample for M30 was drawn at 24 hours after symptom onset, when it reaches peak level. Transthoracic echo was done in each patient at 24 hours after PPCI and at 6 months. LVNR was defined as ≥20% increase in LV end diastolic volume at 6 months after PPCI. Results: 44 patients (44%) developed LVNR at 6 months post PPCI. Diabetes mellitus (p=0.032), symptom onset to balloon time (p=0.059), CPK-MB (p=0.007) and M30 level (p=0.012) were independent predictors of LVNR. The cutoff value of M30 for predicting LVNR was 81.18u/ml with positive predictive value of 70.4% (AUC 85.3, p<0.001). Conclusion: In patients of anterior wall STEMI undergoing PPCI, the apoptotic marker M30 is useful for early prediction of LVNR. This can assist in better risk stratification of patients after successful PPCI and identify the subgroup of patients who require more intensive medical follow up with antiremodeling drugs to attenuate the development of LVNR.
Assessing Awareness, Attitude, Knowledge of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) Among the Ambulatory Care Physicians and Its Reflection on Their Prescriptions Pattern, 3 Centers at Al-Kharj Hospitals, Saudi Arabia
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Kharj Armed Forces Hospital, Saudi Arabia, TH Almaki
Published: July 2021

Background: Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) can be defined as “the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patients’ values”. It is the best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. The growing awareness of the limitations of traditional information on clinical decisions led to a shift in medical practice from unsystematic observations from clinical experience, towards evidence-based medicine. The principles of evidence-based medicine have become core concepts of undergraduate, postgraduate, continuing medical education, courses, and workshops offered to health professionals. Irrational prescription being a global problem leading to ineffective or unsafe treatment and that sometimes resulting from the lack of using the EBM. Objective: To assess awareness, attitude, knowledge of EBM among the ambulatory care physicians and its effect in their prescriptions pattern. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was done to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding evidence-based medicine among ambulatory care physicians in 3 hospitals in the Al-Kharj region. In addition, a random sample of ambulatory care prescriptions were collected, then the World Health Organization (WHO) prescription indicators were used to evaluate the physicians prescribing behavior. The prescriptions were collected from the pharmacy department after obtaining approval from the hospital director for each hospital. Result: There was a positive attitude among the ambulatory physicians toward EBM (84%), but there were limit to the basic EBM knowledge (<50 %). Average number of medication encounter was out of the WHO standard value (>1.8%). The Barriers that faced the physicians were included Lack of time (47.7%) and no ready access to EBM (43.1%). The percentage of medications prescribe by generic name was varied between the hospitals, AKFAH (100%), AKMICH (90%) and PSABH (74.05%). Conclusion: In general, there was a positive attitude among the ambulatory physicians toward EBM. The frequent barriers that face the physician to apply EBM included lack of time, no ready access to EBM, and lack of reliable evidence. The attitude and knowledge have a proportion relation to WHO prescribing indicators. It was observed the hospital implement an electronic system were more compliant with prescribing with the generic name.
Modern approaches and possibilities for assessing bone mineral density by quantitative computed tomography (literature review)
Authors:   Central Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Melnikov Aleksandr A. , Diachenko Viktor V. ,   Central Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Shubin Igor V. ,   Central Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Nikitin Aleksei E. ,   Central Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Sozykin Aleksei V. ,   Central Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Averin Evgenii E. ,   Central Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2021

The review provides the literature data on the basal issues of bone remodeling and the applied use of medical imaging techniques for the prevention of clinically significant consequences of osteoporosis. The article discusses the role and prospects of using the method of quantitative computed tomography and its modifications for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and osteopenic syndrome. It considers the advantages of quantitative computed tomography over widely used medical techniques for assessing bone mineral density (mono- and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, mono- and dual-energy isotope absorptiometry).
The role of microRNA in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases in obese patients
Authors:   Clinic K+31, Moscow, Russia, Shvangiradze Teona A. , Bondarenko Irina Z. ,   Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia, Troshina Ekaterina A. ,   Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2021

Obesity remains a global problem in modern society. It is commonly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The search for specific and sensitive biomarkers of CVD continues. Currently, a lot of studies focused on the potential role of microRNA (miRNA) in CVD development and progression. MiRNAs are involved in various pathological disorders associated with CVD. Endothelial dysfunction is considered as the initial step in the pathogenesis of many CVD, and atherosclerosis in particular. Altered expression of several miRNAs is associated with the development of endothelial dysfunction. Some miRNAs are considered as potential therapeutic targets. Further studies to evaluate the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of CVD are needed. It will improve the diagnosis and treatment of CVD in patients with obesity.
Eating disorders in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lecture for physicians
Authors:   Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia, Zelenkova-Zakharchuk Tatyana A.
Published: July 2021

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2) that result from eating disorders (ED) which lead to weight gain are endocrine diseases provoked (caused) by psychopathology, and are psychosomatic diseases. The clinical features of ED in obesity and diabetes mellitus 2 are that they rarely occur as independent psychopathological units and are mainly represented by syndromic classification in the structure of other mental disorders. Preference of the predominant type of overeating for certain types of ED onset was revealed. Thus, fetal onset is characterized by permanent overeating, pubertal one – by compulsive overeating, psychogenic one – evening overeating and menopausal/age-related hypoandrogenic one – by polysyndromic overeating. Psychopharmacotherapy and psychotherapy combination is used to treat ED in patients with DM 2 and obesity. For prevention of obesity, it is recommended to diagnose early signs of ED which lead to weight gain, and to initiate psychiatric and psychotherapeutic care as soon as possible if ED occurred. Recent 2021 clinical guidelines for the treatment of obesity were updated with recommendation that all obese patients after secondary causes for weight gain were excluded, should be consulted by a psychiatrist-psychotherapist specializing in the general somatic network.
The bariatric patient: basic aspects preparation for surgical treatment of obesity and conducting after it. Lecture for practitioners
Authors:   Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia, Ershova Ekaterina V. , Komshilova Kseniya A. ,   Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia, Mazurina Natalya V. ,   Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia, Troshina Ekaterina A. ,   Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2021

Over the past years and decades, in the world in general and particularly in Russia, bariatric surgery is becoming more widespread for the treatment of severe forms of obesity. There is an increase in the number of operations performed along with the effectiveness and minimising risks of the operations held due to the improvement of surgical techniques. In this lecture, there are clearly stated indications and contraindications for the surgical treatment of obesity. Here are presented various types of bariatric surgeries and their pathophysiological mechanisms which affect on body weight, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. There is also presented their effectiveness in comorbid obesity pathology, primarily among patients with type 2 diabetes. Here was held an analysis of possible negative effects after surgical treatment for obesity, including secondary hyperparathyroidism, post-bariatric hypoglycemia, etc., as well as predictors of postoperative prognosis in relation on metabolic control among patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: cardiometabolic risks and their correction
Authors:   Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia, Komshilova Kseniya A. , Mazurina Natalya V. ,   Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia, Ershova Ekaterina V. ,   Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia, Troshina Ekaterina A. ,   Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2021

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the common chronic disease, associated with obesity, especially abdominal obesity, and a metabolic syndrome, that considerably raises cardiometabolic risk and is reflected in morbidity, prognosis of the disease and life expectancy of patients. NAFLD at the stage of steatosis does not increase the risk of mortality in the general population, however, the potentially dangerous stage, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, in many cases remains unrecognized in a timely manner and, in the absence of adequate treatment, can progress and lead to the development of cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The issues of NAFLD treatment are relevant due to the high prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2, cardiovascular diseases and their complications. NAFLD therapy should be aimed primarily at the etiopathogenetic factors that contribute to its development and progression, as well as the correction of associated metabolic disorders. The growing prevalence of obesity, NAFLD and associated risk factors, diagnostic difficulties and the lack of an algorithm for managing such patients confirm the urgency of this problem. In this article describes the basic mechanisms of pathogenesis NAFLD, its role in obesity, prognosis of the disease, diagnostics and treatment.
Pioglitazone is a forgotten hypoglycemic drug with proven cardioprotective and nephroprotective properties
Authors:   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Pesheva Ekaterina D. , Fadeev Valentin V. ,   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2021

Considering that type 2 diabetes mellitus is a multicomponent disease and is associated with an extremely high risk of macrovascular complications (myocardial infarction, stroke and death from cardiovascular diseases), at present, much attention is paid to the choice of hypoglycemic drugs, given the individual characteristics of the patient. Preference is given to drugs of those classes that have a positive effect on cardiovascular outcomes. Along with relatively new molecules (inhibitors of the sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 and agonists of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors), the well-known drug pioglitazone, which belongs to the thiazolidinediones group, has not left the field of attention of researchers. Importantly, the cardioprotective effect of pioglitazone has been confirmed in several large randomized trials that showed a delay in atherosclerosis and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (PERISCOPE, CHICAGO, IRIS and PROactive). As an insulin sensitizer, pioglitazone reduces insulin resistance, has a protective effect on pancreatic β-cells, and also has a beneficial effect on components of insulin resistance syndrome (lowers blood pressure, lipid spectrum parameters) and improves the course of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. There is evidence of possible side effects (weight gain, fluid retention, fractures), but their severity decreases with decreasing dose of the drug.
Interdisciplinary approach is a key of efficient treatment in patients with immunoinflammatory diseases. Case report
Authors:   Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow, Russia, Kagramanova Anna V. , Knyazev Oleg V. ,   Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow, Russia, Knyazev Oleg V. ,   Research Institute of Health Organization and Medical Management, Moscow, Russia, Knyazev Oleg V. ,   Ryzhih National Medical Research Center of Coloproctology, Moscow, Russia, Kulakov Dmitrii S. ,   Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow, Russia, Kulakov Dmitrii S. ,   Research Institute of Health Organization and Medical Management, Moscow, Russia, Kulakov Dmitrii S. ,   Ryzhih National Medical Research Center of Coloproctology, Moscow, Russia, Vinnitskaya Elena V. ,   Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow, Russia, Sandler Iuliia G. ,   Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow, Russia, Savenkova Nadezhda A. ,   Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow, Russia, Lukina Galina V. ,   Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow, Russia, Parfenov Asfold I. ,   Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to clinical case of concomitant immune-inflammatory diseases: Crohn disease, ankylosing spondylitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis. Chronic immunoinflammatory diseases (CID) caused disability, characterized by similar genetic and immunological factors. The emergence of genetically engineered biological drugs has changed the prognosis for both musculo-skeletal diseases and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The intersection of the therapeutic spectrum in CID is a very important point in choosing the tactics of management of patients with these pathologies. This clinical case demonstrates the importance of early diagnosis of immunoinflammatory diseases and application of genetically engineered biological drugs, that contributes to prevention disability and enhancement of quality of life of IBD patients. It is concluded that treatment of immunoinflammatory diseases should be carried out taking into account the course of the IBD and the multidisciplinary approach, which requires close cooperation of doctors of various specialties.
New approaches to determining the nutritional treatment tactics in patients with malignant neoplasms
Authors:   Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Practical Center, Moscow, Russia, Kostiuchenko Liudmila N. , Varvanina Galina G. ,   Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Practical Center, Moscow, Russia, Dobrovol’skaia Natalia Iu. ,   Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Moscow, Russia, Kruglov Artem D. ,   Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Practical Center, Moscow, Russia, Lychkova Alla E. ,   Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Practical Center, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2021

Aim. To determine personalized approaches to the choice of nutritional support (NS) tactics in oncopathology, depending on the stage of carcinogenesis. Materials and methods. Nutritionists consulted 96 patients with oncopathology (colorectal cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma) over the period 2018–2019. The stage of carcinogenesis was determined mainly by the morphogenetic signs according to V.S. Turusov. Nutritional status was assessed according to the parameters of the known alimentation-volemic diagnosis and basic metabolic syndromes characteristics in cancer patients. The effectiveness of NS was assessed by the change in lysosomal metabolism. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 10 software. Results. Based on such clinical and biochemical analysis, 3 groups of patients were identified: 1) subject only to surgical treatment; 2) subject to combined treatment; 3) palliative. Corresponding to the selected groups, the concept of nutritional extinction was formulated and 3 treatment regimens were proposed, which differ in the use of additional correction of endotoxicosis, analgesic pharmaconutrients, or low-calorie diets. The effectiveness of the nutritional correction was assessed with testing lysosomal metabolism by cathepsins L using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It has been shown that cathepsin L can serve as an early marker of nutritional dysfunction and nutritional prognosis. Conclusion. When determining nutritional treatment tactics in cancer patients, it is advisable to distinguish the stages of nutritional extinction. It is advisable to carry out the assessment of NS effectiveness and nutritional prognosis according to cathepsin L levels. Nutritional counseling allows to determine the tactics of neoadjuvant NS, and in some cases to make adjustments in the choice of surgical aid.
Endoscopic stenting of refractory benign esophageal strictures (review)
Authors:   Republican Clinical Oncological Dispensary, Kazan, Russia, Ivanov Aleksej I. , Ivanov Aleksej I. ,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia, Ivanov Aleksej I. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy – branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Kazan, Russia, Popov Vladimir A. ,   Republican Clinical Hospital, Kazan, Russia, Burmistrov Mihail V. ,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia, Burmistrov Mihail V. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy – branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Kazan, Russia, Burmistrov Mihail V. ,   Republican Clinical Hospital, Kazan, Russia, Chugunov Alexandr N. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy – branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Kazan, Russia, Nazmeev Marat A. ,   Republican Clinical Hospital, Kazan, Russia, Gatin Il’nar T. ,   Republican Clinical Hospital, Kazan, Russia, Rahmatullin Vadim B. ,   Republican Clinical Hospital, Kazan, Russia
Published: July 2021

Despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of benign esophageal strictures, although long-term, but effectively stop with the help of endoscopic recanalization, 10% of them recur. Such strictures are a major problem in thoracic surgery. Disabled surgical methods of treatment are associated with a sufficiently high mortality rate and do not guarantee the formation of new anastomotic strictures. Esophageal stenting against the background of a limited endoscopic arsenal of methods for recanalization of benign strictures is the last option. A lot of different models of esophageal stents with their own individual characteristics and features have appeared since the introduction of the first stents in clinical practice. All were investigated in an attempt to identify the optimal stent type and design for the treatment of refractory benign strictures. The review is devoted to the current state of stenting in recurrent benign esophageal stenosis. The review reflects the efficacy and disadvantages of various types of stents and their comparison with a focus on new biodegradable stents used in the treatment of benign esophageal strictures.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease and alginates: diagnosis, treatment, prevention
Authors:   Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia, Knorring German Ju. , Sediakina Iuliia V. ,   Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2021

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remains a major problem in gastroenterology. GERD phenotypes have recently been identified, but a key mechanism of pathogenesis is the effect of acidic stomach contents on the esophageal mucosa due to reflux. The role of alginates in GERD is expanding in terms of diagnosis, improvement of treatment outcomes, and prevention of relapse.
Increased epithelial permeability syndrome in organic diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract: systematization of literature data
Authors:   Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia, Andreev Dmitrii N. , Ul'iankina Elena V. ,   Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2021

In 2021, the first Multidisciplinary national consensus was published in Russia. The document provides a comprehensive analysis of pathophysiological, clinical and pharmacotherapeutic aspects of the increased epithelial permeability syndrome (IEPS) as one of the main mechanisms of human diseases. A separate chapter of the consensus devoted to the role of IEPS in organic diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract demonstrates the importance of this pathophysiological mechanism in the genesis of this group of diseases. This review aims to systematize the literature data on the role of IEPS in organic diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer.
A serum proteome signature to predict mortality in severe COVID-19 patients
Authors: Völlmy Franziska , van den Toorn Henk , Zenezini Chiozzi Riccardo , Zucchetti Ottavio , Papi Alberto , Volta Carlo Alberto , Marracino Luisa , Vieceli Dalla Sega Francesco , Fortini Francesca , Demichev Vadim , Tober-Lau Pinkus , Campo Gianluca , Contoli Marco , Ralser Markus , Kurth Florian , Spadaro Savino , Rizzo Paola , Heck Albert JR
Published: July 2021

Here, we recorded serum proteome profiles of 33 severe COVID-19 patients admitted to respiratory and intensive care units because of respiratory failure. We received, for most patients, blood samples just after admission and at two more later time points. With the aim to predict treatment outcome, we focused on serum proteins different in abundance between the group of survivors and non-survivors. We observed that a small panel of about a dozen proteins were significantly different in abundance between these two groups. The four structurally and functionally related type-3 cystatins AHSG, FETUB, histidine-rich glycoprotein, and KNG1 were all more abundant in the survivors. The family of inter-α-trypsin inhibitors, ITIH1, ITIH2, ITIH3, and ITIH4, were all found to be differentially abundant in between survivors and non-survivors, whereby ITIH1 and ITIH2 were more abundant in the survivor group and ITIH3 and ITIH4 more abundant in the non-survivors. ITIH1/ITIH2 and ITIH3/ITIH4 also showed opposite trends in protein abundance during disease progression. We defined an optimal panel of nine proteins for mortality risk assessment. The prediction power of this mortality risk panel was evaluated against two recent COVID-19 serum proteomics studies on independent cohorts measured in other laboratories in different countries and observed to perform very well in predicting mortality also in these cohorts. This panel may not be unique for COVID-19 as some of the proteins in the panel have previously been annotated as mortality markers in aging and in other diseases caused by different pathogens, including bacteria.
Síndrome do jejuno hemorrágico em bovinos no estado de Pernambuco: relato de dois casos
Authors: Conceição Ângela Imperiano da , Afonso José Augusto Bastos , Mendonça Carla Lopes de , Cajueiro Jobson Filipe de Paula , Costa Nivaldo de Azevedo , Souto Rodolfo José Cavalcanti , Silva Nivan Antônio Alves da , Coutinho Luiz Teles
Published: July 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever as informações clínico-epidemiológicas e a conduta terapêutica empregada em dois bovinos adultos acometidos pela síndrome do jejuno hemorrágico (SJH). A enfermidade cursa com enterite necro-hemorrágica aguda e pode levar à obstrução intestinal pela formação de coágulos sanguíneos. Sua ocorrência tem sido relatada em vários países, entretanto, no Brasil é pouco diagnosticada. Os animais, com histórico de anorexia, cólica, redução na produção leiteira e fezes de aspecto sanguinolento, foram atendidos na Clínica de Bovinos, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. O diagnóstico foi baseado nos achados clínicos, laboratoriais, ultrassonográficos e cirúrgico; sendo clinicamente evidenciada ressonância metálica no flanco direito, aumento da tensão abdominal, além de alteração nas características das fezes. A análise do fluido ruminal revelou comprometimento da microbiota e elevação nos teores de cloretos. No hemograma houve inversão da proporção linfócitos/segmentados e hiperfibrinogenemia no primeiro animal, enquanto no segundo ocorreu leucocitose por neutrofilia com desvio para esquerda e hipoproteinemia. A ultrassonografia evidenciou hipomotilidade, dilatação de segmentos intestinais e conteúdo com imagem ecogênica em sua luz, sugestivo de coágulos sanguíneos. Em um dos animais a laparotomia exploratória à direita foi utilizada como método diagnóstico e terapêutico, no outro animal, a conduta terapêutica realizada foi a medicamentosa. Embora a literatura relate baixo sucesso nos tratamentos da SJH, as abordagens empregadas nos animais deste trabalho foram eficientes, pois promoveram satisfatória recuperação clínica dos animais.
Fitoterápicos de ação terapêutica no sistema nervoso de caninos: revisão de literatura
Authors: Silva Terezinha Carla Carvalho da , Pinto Ana Luísa Toscano Vieira , Lima Evilda Rodrigues de
Published: July 2021

Fitoterápicos são medicamentos produzidos a partir de plantas que apresentam substâncias com princípios terapêuticos, a procura por esta terapia natural associa-se ao fato de que os fármacos sintéticos apresentam efeitos indesejáveis e alto custo. Na medicina veterinária o uso de fitoterápicos vem ganhando espaço no tratamento de uma grande variedade de enfermidades independente do sistema fisiológico acometido. Devido à importância em conhecer os estudos experimentais que relatem os benefícios da fitoterapia na neurologia veterinária, essa pesquisa bibliográfica realizada em livros, artigos, revistas, dissertações e teses teve o objetivo de relatar quais os fitoterápicos agem de forma terapêutica sobre o sistema nervoso central de caninos com distúrbios neurológicos e neuropsíquicos.
Malformação congênita em gambá-de-orelha-branca (Didelphis albiventris Lund 1840)
Authors: Carniatto Caio Henrique Oliveira , Leonardo Jussara Maria Leite Oliveira
Published: July 2021

A medicina zoológica estuda os animais silvestres, nativos ou não, de vida livre ou mantidos em zoológicos. Embora o gambá-de-orelha-branca (Didelphis albiventris) seja um marsupial abundante no Brasil, não são relatados casos de malformação congênita na espécie. Considerando a necessidade de se conhecer os aspectos clínicos e patológicos em animais silvestres, relatou-se um caso de malformação congênita em um juvenil de gambá-de-orelha-branca. O animal foi encaminhado para o Hospital Veterinário da UniCesumar (Maringá/Paraná), após ser encontrado em um fragmento florestal no município. Na anamnese, constatou-se que o paciente era dócil, debilitado, não se alimentava sozinho e sua dieta era composta por carne bovina e frango, peixes, ovos cozidos, maçã e banana. No exame clínico verificou-se que o animal apresentava mucosas normocoradas, hidratação regular e linfonodos não reativos. A língua era permanentemente mantida exposta, os caninos maxilares eram aparentes e a cauda apresentava desvios ósseos nos sentidos dorsoventral e laterolateral. Em exame radiográfico, constatou-se que o paciente apresentava desvio da fíbula esquerda, desvios ósseos na cauda e no corpo da mandíbula. O paciente foi mantido por um tutor em residência, visando manter o animal estável e nutrido. Dois meses após a primeira consulta, o tutor entrou em contato para comunicar que o animal havia morrido. Malformações congênitas são comuns em diferentes espécies, mas sua descrição em animais de vida livre é rara e esporádica, dificultando traçar dados epidemiológicos e fatores etiológicos. Estudos devem ser conduzidos visando quantificar casos de malformações em espécies silvestres, as preservando na natureza.
Реформування Ради Безпеки ООН у період однополярності (1991-2001 рр.)
Authors: Mashchenko Victor
Published: July 2021

Реформування Ради Безпеки Організації Об’єднаних Націй є одним з ключових питань подальшого стабільного та прогнозованого розвитку міжнародного середовища. Після розвалу СРСР і закінчення «холодної війни» це стало зрозуміло міжнародній спільноті, тому, зазначене питання почало активно обговорюватись на Генеральних Асамблеях. У результаті чого була створена спеціальна Робоча Група для розгляду, систематизації та формулювання пропозицій щодо трансформації у Раді Безпеки.
Інформаційні технології в бізнес-архіві
Authors: Kotlyar Yuriy , Pustovoitenko Vadim
Published: July 2021

Збільшення ефективності управління малим, середнім або великим бізнесом потребує вдосконалення роботи з документами, так як все управління базується на роботі з інформацією. Сьогодні кожен документ – це частина інформаційних ресурсів, більше того він є виробленим ресурсом, свідоцтвом діяльності організацій і джерелом інформації про ділові процеси, а якість інформації визначає якість роботи підприємства. Архів, як структурна ланка здатен збільшити ефективність управління малим, середнім або великим бізнесом, що потребує, у свою чергу, вдосконалення роботи з документами, так як все управління базується на роботі з інформацією.
KLASIFIKASI OSTEOARTHRITIS BERBASIS DUAL TREE COMPLEX WAVELET TRANSFORM DAN CONTRAST LIMITED ADAPTIVE HISTOGRAM EQUALIZATION (CLAHE) MENGGUNAKAN ACTIVE SHAPE MODELS
Authors: Fatihin Mohammad meizaki , Baskoro Farid , Widodo Arif
Published: July 2021

Citra adalah representasi dari informasi yang terkandung di dalamnya sehingga mata manusia dapat menganalisis dan menafsirkan informasi sesuai dengan tujuan yang diharapkan. Salah satu bentuk citra medis adalah citra x-ray. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi gambar x-ray Osteoarthritis Lutut yang diambil pada berbagai tingkat keparahan, mulai dari KL-Grade 0 hingga KL-Grade 4. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode CLAHE dan DTCWT untuk proses preprosessing dan menggunakan metode Active Shape Model (ASM) untuk proses segmentasi, menggunakan 35 data pelatihan dan 200 data uji dari Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI). Pengujian citra uji dalam penelitian ini dengan mengekstraksi tekstur citra menggunakan metode GLCM dan segmentasi citra menggunakan ASM, sehingga proses scanning untuk penentuan titik-titik yang berfungsi untuk mengukur ketebalan cartilage. Hasil Ekstraksi tekstur memiliki tingkat akurasi klasifikasi KL-Grade 0 57,5%, KL-Grade 1 memiliki akurasi 33.3%, KL-Grade 2 37,5%, KL-Grade 3 37,5% dan KL-Grade 4 34,3 %. Sedangkan untuk pengukuran ketebalan tulang rawan memiliki akurasi klasifikasi untuk KL-Grade 0 sebesar 62.5%, kemudian KL-Grade 1 sebesar 44.4 %, sedangkan untuk KL-Grade 2 memiliki keberhasilan klasifikasi 60%, kemudian KL-Grade 3 memiliki klasifikasi berhasil dengan benar 70%, dan untuk KL-Grade 4 51.4%.
Real Time Factory Smokes Monitoring System Using Android Smartphone
Authors: Prakoso Moch Andreyan Adi , Rakhmawati Lusia
Published: July 2021

Owing to widespread deforestation and the rapid growth of modern plants, we can see and experience a lot of air that is no longer what it once was. Carbon Monoxide (CO), which is generated by residual combustion in industrial plants and emitted through factory chimneys, is one of the factors that contribute to air pollution. This study was designed to help the government monitor Carbon Monoxide (CO) levels more efficiently because it can be done at any time in real time using an Android smartphone's media. Furthermore, this research is being conducted to develop simple technology that can be used by parties who need or have an interest in monitoring Carbon Monoxide (CO) levels as well as reducing the number of emissions in the local area. The results showed that the MQ-7 sensor on the monitoring tool could detect carbon monoxide levels accurately and had a 0.72 percent error rate when retrieving data several times. The CO meter's sensitivity is equivalent to that of an NDIR (Non-Dispersive Infrared Detector) Analyzer, which is commonly used for measuring and detecting carbon monoxide levels in the air. These findings suggest that this instrument can be used to better monitor carbon monoxide (CO) levels in the air.
Cognitive Function of Junior Junior school students in Solving Geometry Problems Based On Verbalizer and Visualizer Cognitive Style
Authors: Intan Paramita , Kurniasari Ika
Published: July 2021

Abstrak — Pada penelitian ini, peneliti ingin mengeksplorasi bagaimana fungsi kognitif siswa SMP dalam menyelesaikan masalah geometri ditinjau dari gaya kognitif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan fungsi kognitif siswa SMP menyelesaikan masalah geometri ditinjau dari gaya kognitif yakni gaya kognitif verbalizer dan visualizer. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dan menggunakan dua siswa SMP kelas IX di Surabaya sebagai responden yang masing-masing memiliki gaya kognitif verbalizer dan visualizer. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa PRM bergaya kognitif verbalizer berada pada level ketiga (berpikir rasional abstrak) dari fungsi kognitif rigorus mathematical thinking dan subjek telah menerapkan semua fungsi kognitif pada level pertama dengan indikator yang menonjol yaitu pembandingan dimana subjek mencari karakteristik yang sama dan berbeda antara persegi dan persegi panjang dalam menyelesaikan masalah geometri. Sedangkan siswa LDH bergaya kognitif visualizer berada pada level ketiga (berpikir rasional abstrak) dari fungsi kognitif rigorus mathematical thinking dan hanya menerapkan sebagian besar fungsi kognitif pada level pertama dalam menyelesaikan masalah geometri dengan indikator yang menonjol yaitu visualisasi dimana subjek memberikan simbol pada gambar bangun yang disajikan dalam menyelesaikan masalah geometri.Kata kunci: Fungsi kognitif, Gaya kognitif, Masalah geometri, Verbalizer, Visualizer.Abstract — In this article, we explore how the cognitive function of junior junior school students in solving geometry problems based on cognitive style. The purpose of this study was to describe the cognitive functions of junior junior school students solving geometry problems reviewed from verbalizer and visualizer cognitive style. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research. This research used two students of IX grade in Surabaya as respondents who each student have a cognitive style of verbalizer and visualizer. The results of this study indicate that PRM students with cognitive verbalizer style are at the third level (abstract rational thinking) of the cognitive function rigorous mathematical thinking and the subject has applied all cognitive functions at the first level with a prominent indicator is comparison where the subject looks for the same and different characteristics between square and rectangle in solving geometry problems. Whereas LDH students with cognitive visualizer style is at the third level (abstract rational thinking) of cognitive function rigorous mathematical thinking and apply most cognitive functionsat the first level with a prominent indicator is visualization where the subject provides symbols on the image in solving geometric problems.Keywords: Cognitive function, Cognitive style, Geometry problems, Verbalizer, Visualizer.
Un debate pendiente: educación de calidad - calidad educativa
Authors: Ademar Ferreyra Horacio , Ghío Analía Claudia , Tenutto Soldevilla Marta Alicia
Published: July 2021

Aproximarse al binomio calidad educativa - educación de calidad, implica enfrentarse al desafío de abordar categorías que se encuentran atravesadas por procesos sociohistóricos, que posibilitan su producción y reproducción. En este par, los significados son diferentes si la calidad es colocada como antecedente o como consecuente. Según los autores, en este sentido, toda acción educativa posee un fundamento antropológico que permite comprender que los seres humanos están “programados para aprender e imposibilitados de vivir sin la referencia a un mañana”, que proponga una superación de lo logrado, hacia alternativas que logren generar una mayor dignidad de vida que se desarrolla en un tiempo y espacio, en el que cada cultura define lo relevante y lo beneficioso para su grupo social, dentro del repertorio de su universo de significados. De la misma manera, consideran que en relación con el concepto de calidad, las referencias indirectas pueden rastrearse en las menciones a una “buena educación”, una “buena universidad” o un “buen profesor” y resulta habitual que forme parte de un discurso como instrumento formal para describir los acontecimientos.
Importancia de la inducción por parte de recursos humanos dentro de la organización para un buen sistema de gestión organizacional
Authors: Sarmiento Osorio Martha Isabel
Published: July 2021

Se considera importante mostrar la necesidad de que exista un Programa de Inducción estructurado, el cual ayudara a que el nuevo colaborador pueda iniciar sus actividades sobre una base, que le permitirá no solo conocer en corto tiempo cual es la función de la organización, sino también conocer cuáles serán sus funciones, atribuciones, obligaciones y derechos dentro de la misma, lo cual permitirá que su alistamiento sea más eficaz.
Evaluación de competencias en la formación médica
Authors: Charris Hernández Fernando José , Castro Florián Miguel Ángel
Published: July 2021

El objetivo final es mostrar cómo se da la calidad profesional del clínico, en el entendido que cada individuo en formación debe ir avanzando hacia el hacer con calidad sobre situaciones reales, es decir, dando respuesta a situaciones de la vida real a través del conocimiento técnico y científico, pasando por la teoría de cómo resolver, simulando esa respuesta y finalmente ejecutando dicha teoría sobre situaciones puntuales reales.
Cash Management and Bank’s Financial Performance: Evidence from selected Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria
Authors: Ali Peter , N. O. Njoku Peter N. O. , Ugoani John N. N. , Nwaorgu O. C. , Ukeje Okanta S
Published: July 2021

This study empirically examined the effects and implications of cash management of DMBs in Nigeria. The variables studied were Cash to total asset, Operating cash to total asset, Investing cash to total asset, Financing cash to total asset, Bank size, Bank age, proxied for cash management and Return on Asset used to represent financial performance. Data used for this study were from secondary sources and were generated from the annual reports and accounts of the selected DMBs for the period 2014–2018. The results show that while operating cash to total asset of bank, investing cash to total asset and bank size have no significant effect on financial performance of DMBs, financing cash to total asset and bank age have a significant and positive effect on financial performance of deposit money bank (DMBs). However, cash to total asset has a significant negative effect on financial perfor-mance of banks. The study concludes that cash positions, which can lead to liquidity risk has to be managed because it has tendency to compound other risks. It further highlighted that adequate attention should be paid on the use and reserves of cash among banks in Nigeria. This study recommends that banks should adopt optimum cash management model for efficiency and effectiveness. Stringent regulatory policies in this regard must be reviewed in such a way that they can be relaxed, to encourage effective liquidity manage-ment measures.
Pandemi Covid-19 dalam Penyajian Pelaporan Keuangan dan Keberlangsungan Usaha melalui Prediksi Kebangkrutan
Authors: Astuti Shinta Budi , Damayanti Ameilia , Chasbiandani Tryas , Rizal Nelyumna
Published: July 2021

The main purpose of this study is to assess and analyze the business continuity (going concern) of companies before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The sample of this research is 45 property sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for the period 2019-2020 and meet predetermined criteria. This study uses the Altman Z-Score bankruptcy prediction model to assess the business continuity of the sample companies. This research proves that there is indeed an influence from the global Covid-19 pandemic. Companies that are experiencing financial problems and have a strong potential for bankruptcy increased from 2% at the end of 2019 to 51% at the end of June 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/afr.v3i2.5451
Strategi pengembangan lembaga pendidikan taman kanak-kanak
Authors: Dwinugraha Akbar Pandu
Published: July 2021

This study tries to provide a development strategy for kindergarten educational institutions. This strategy can later be used by local governments in developing kindergarten educational institutions in their respective regions. This study uses a combination research type with a survey method and will analyze three aspects including the management and implementation of kindergartens; aspects of the quality of educators and teaching staff; and aspects of the availability of basic equipment, facilities and infrastructure. The research location is the administrative area of ​​Blitar City, East Java Province with data collection time from March to June 2019. Field data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, documentation and focus group discussions. Based on existing conditions, which have been analyzed based on internal and external factors, three strategic recommendations have been produced which include (1) Assistance in budgeting and monitoring the use of BOP funds (Operational Assistance for Early Childhood Education); (2) Increasing the cooperative relationship of kindergarten institutions through sponsorship schemes, (3) Standardization of minimal facilities and infrastructure as an effort to reduce the imbalance in the availability of facilities and infrastructure in kindergarten institutions in Blitar City.