bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mendel randomized analysis of the relationship between pulmonary respiratory function and ovarian cancer
Authors: zhang jiaheng , fu lingmei , Junxia Duan , liu huiping
Published: November 2023

Objective: To explore the causal relationship between forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) best measure, expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted and ovarian cancer by using Mendel randomization method.
Methods: The genome-wide association data of forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) best measure, expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted and ovarian cancer were obtained based on the platform of Mendel randomization (MR). SNPs significantly related to forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1-second (fev1) best measure, expiratory volume in 1-second (fev1) and predicted were determined as tool variables. The causal relationship between forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) best measure, expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), predicted and ovarian cancer was detected by two-sample MR research method. MR-Egger regression weighted median method (WME) and weighted inverse variance method (IVW) were used to analyze the causal relationship between forced vital capacity and ovarian cancer.
Results: The results of the study included 463 items related to forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) best measure, expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), SNPs with significantly correlated predicted amount were used as instrumental variables (with P <5×10-8 as the screening condition, linkage disequilibrium coefficient r2 was 0.001, and linkage disequilibrium region width was 10000kb). When assessed by different methods, it was found that forced vital capacity, MR Egger(OR value: 1.002, 95% CI: 0.9962-1. Weighted median(OR value: 1.003,95% ci: 0.9998-1.007), Inverse variance weighted(OR value: 1.002,95% ci: 1.0002-1.005), Simple mode(OR value: 1.007,95% ci:). MR Egger(OR value: 1.0050, 95% ci: 0.9958-1.0143), Weighted median(OR value: 1.0030, 95% CI: 0.9990-1.0069), Inverse variance weighted(OR value: 1.0026, 95% 95%CI ：0.9999-1.0053), Simple mode(OR value: 1.0034, 95% CI: 0.9925-1.0145). Expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), MR Egger(OR: 1.0012, 95% CI: 0.9928-1.0097) between predicted and ovarian cancer, Weighted median(OR: 1.0035, 95% CI: 0.9993-1.0076). Inverse variance weighted(OR value: 1.0038,95% ci: 1.0009-1.0066), Simple mode(OR value: 1.0040,95% ci: 0.9926-1.0156), Weighted mode(OR value: 1.0065,95%) There are no abnormal variables in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1-second (fev1) best measure and expiratory volume in 1-second (fev1), and the predicted heterogeneity test, and the sensitivity analysis shows that it is robust. No pleiotropic effects were found (the intercept terms of MR-Egger regression were -0.0000053, -0.0000089 and -0.0000090(P=0.6015, 0.5957 and 0.5348).
Conclusion: MR analysis provides strong evidence that forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) best measure and expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) are risk factors for ovarian cancer.
Probiotic properties and antioxidant activities of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HY7720 and its fermentation characteristics in plant-based materials
Authors: Kim Ju-Yeon , Choi Eun Jung , Jang Woo Young , Kim Soo A , Heo Kyeong Heo , Kang Heerim , Kang Jeanne , Kim Yong-Tae , Shim Jae-Jung , Lee Jung-Lyoul
Published: November 2023

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HY7720 was screened from 22 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that were isolated from different plant foods, and its growth ability and extracellular vitamin B12-producing capacity in vitamin B12-deficient medium were investigated. HY7720 was resistant to the conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and showed high adhesion property to human intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, the results showed that HY7720 recovered the gene expression levels of tight junction-associated proteins (TJPs) and inhibited the secretion levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, the ability of HY7720 to ameliorate H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells was inhibited by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors. This study also investigated the nutritional qualities of three plant-based materials (brown rice, white rice, and soy milk) fermented using HY7720. Collectively, HY7720 could be used as a promising probiotic strain for the prevention of nutritional deficiencies among people on vegetarian diets.
Application of Endoscopic Aspirator on Gasless Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach
Authors: Shao Shuai , Zeng Qinxin , Yu Huimin , Wang Haobin , Wu Jian , Wu Guoyang
Published: November 2023

Background Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) is gradually becoming mature.At the same time, the disadvantages of CO2 inflatable TOETVA are also widely recognized, and there is no uniform standard alternative.Here, we report our initial experience and discuss the safety and effectiveness of maintaining the operative space with endoscopic suction support in TOETVA. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 60 patients treated with our laparoscopic aspirator-supported TOETVA from March 2022 to June 2023.We extended the three-hole endoscopic suction device from the median incision of the oral vestibule into the operation space, pressed it down, and fixed it to support and maintain the stability of the space.Evaluate its surgical safety and prognosis. Results The study included 60 patients who were treated with endoscopic aspirator-supported TOETVA.The average operation time was 141. 14 ± 36. 15min.The average number of dissected lymph nodes was 4. 67 ± 3. 75.Two of them were converted to laparotomy, and no serious postoperative complications occurred in any of the patients.Postoperative complications included 1 case of transient recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, 1 case of transient hypoparathyroidism, and 8 cases of transient lower lip numbness.There was 1 case of postoperative skin injury and 4 cases of postoperative skin ecchymosis.Two cases of temporary loss of smell or taste recovered within 1–3 months.There is no evidence of specific complications associated with the use of suction to support the surgical space. Conclusion The operation space of TOETVA is supported by a laparoscopic suction device, which is easy to operate, convenient to obtain materials, and optimizes the clarity of the surgical field, which has the potential for wide application.
Characterization of a suspension Vero cell line for viral vaccine production
Authors: Pain Bertrand , Bourigault Lea , Bresson Corinne , Jean Christian , Chevalard Christophe , Kloutz Mathilde , Soulet Damien , Pelissier Fleurine , Richard Stéphanie , Bassard Isabelle , Sève Nicolas , Charretier Cédric
Published: November 2023

Vero cells, as approved by the World Health Organization, have been the most commonly used continuous cell line for viral vaccine production over the last 25 years, but their adherent phenotype continues to limit productivity. Adapting to a suspension culture would overcome this restriction and reduce production costs. First, a Vero suspension isolate was obtained and metabolically characterized. Second, RNA sequencing analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes between adherent and suspension cells, which revealed complete downregulation of adhesion and matrix-associated genes. Additionally, signaling pathways involving Wnt and other tyrosine kinase receptors were identified as potential leads for growth optimization. In particular, supplementation with fibroblast growth factor 2 allowed for a 20% increase in cell density. Finally, a comparative viral productivity assay revealed a 30% increase in poliovirus production in suspension Vero cells compared to adherent cells depending on the serotype, as well as a 140% increase in respiratory syncytial virus production and a 150% increase in yellow fever virus production. This work establishes the potential of the suspension Vero cell line as a new cell platform for viral vaccine production.
Risk Assessment and Predicting Homelessness and Police Interaction in Calgary Through Administrative Health Care Data
Authors: Shahidi Faezehsadat , MacDonald M. Ethan , Seitz Dallas , Messier Geoffrey
Published: November 2023

Background: Mental illness can lead to adverse outcomes such as homelessness and police interaction and understanding of the events leading up to these adverse outcomes is important.. Predictive machine learning (ML) models may not outperform logistic regression (LR).
Method: An administrative healthcare dataset was used, comprising of 240,219 individuals in Calgary, Alberta, Canada who were diagnosed with addiction or mental health (AMH) between April 1, 2013, and March 31, 2018. The cohort was followed for 2 years to identify factors associated with homelessness and police interactions. We used a univariable and a multivariable LR model to identify predictive factors of homelessness and police integration by estimating odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% confidence interval. Then LR and ML models, including random forests (RF), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) were compared.
Results: After excluding prior outcomes before March 31, 2018, the cohort size decreased. Among 237,602 individuals, 0.8% (1,800) experienced first homelessness, while 0.32% (759) reported initial police interaction among 237,141 individuals. Male sex (AORs: H=1.51, P=2.52), substance disorder (AORs: H=3.70, P=2.83), psychiatrist visits (AORs: H=1.44, P=1.49), and drug abuse (AORs: H=2.67, P=1.83) were associated with initial homelessness (H) and police interaction (P). LR model with multinomial features, normalized data, and balanced classes showed superior performance (sensitivity =85%, AUC =84% for initial homelessness, and sensitivity =88%, AUC=81% for initial police interaction).
Conclusion: This study identified key features associated with initial homelessness and police interaction and demonstrated the superior performance of the LR models using multinomial features, normalized data, and balanced classes.
Top Health Service Concerns: A Data Mining Study of the Shanghai Health Hotline
Authors: Shi Lili , Zhao Tong , Shi Shimiao , Tan Tianyu , Regmi Aksara , Cai Yuyang
Published: November 2023

Objective
Our study aims to explore the health service issues of public concern through analyzing the basic characteristics of callers and information from health service work orders. The findings of this study will provide a reference to relevant government departments and assist the government in optimizing the allocation of health resources.
Methods
We used 16,962 original work orders from the Health Hotline in Shanghai since 2015 as our research data. We applied natural language processing to analyze the work orders. We conducted data cleaning on the work orders' textual content, and established a work order database. We performed analysis on call duration, content, purpose, topic, and other dimensions, using the 12320 Health Hotline call records from Shanghai in 2015.
Results
Out of the calls, they were categorized into four main groups: complaints, suggestions, inquiries and requests for assistance. Among these calls, the most common category was complaints with a total of 8,669 (51.11%), followed by help-seeking with 3335 (19.66%), consulting with 2727 (16.08%) and comments and opinion suggestions with 1484 (8.75%). The analysis of the data also showed that 6,689 calls (56.88%) from men outnumbered 5,071 calls (43.12%) from women, with 2,126 calls from parents (56.84%) slightly outnumbered 1,614 calls from children (43.16%). Furthermore, the top 10 health service concerns in Shanghai included attitudes towards services, medications, fees, registration, family planning, medical disputes, ambulances, environmental health, illegal medical practices, and immunization.
Conclusions
The concerns reflected by the Shanghai Health Hotline mirror the genuine health service needs of residents, carrying significant implications for urban health governance. These top 10 health service concerns in Shanghai hold paramount importance. They provide valuable insights for relevant government departments to implement targeted measures aimed at enhancing the quality of health services.
Isolated Microspore Culture for Embryoid Production in Artemisia annua (L)
Authors: Purnamaningsih Ragapadmi , Dewi Iswari Saraswati , Sukmadjaya Deden , Apriana Aniversari , Purwoko Bambang Sapta
Published: November 2023

The haploidy technique is a useful tool to produce pure, fully homozygous lines in a short time. Artemisia annua (L) is a medicinal plant that produces artemisinin widely known as an anti-malarial drug. Due to its very small flower (< 3.0 mm), this study aimed to conduct microscopic observations to determine the type of flowers and their corresponding microspore development stages suitable for microspore embryogenesis and to obtain embryoids from isolated microspore cultures. Media to induce embryoid production were based on NLN medium with 13% or 17% sucrose and the addition of plant growth regulators as follows: (1) a combination of NAA and BA, designated as MCA media; and (2) a combination of 2,4-D and Kinetin, designated as MCAD media. The result indicated that due to their proportion of uninucleate and binucleate microspore stages, flowers at about to bloom (AB) and early bloom (EB) stages contained sufficient microspore stages of late uninucleate to early binucleate microspores suitable to induce embryogenesis. The production of embryoid is faster in MCA13 and MCA17 than those of MCAD13 and MCAD17. MCA13 and MCAD13 gave rise to abundant callus-like structures than those of MCA17 and MCAD17. It is indicated that the addition of 2.4-D in MCAD media inhibited the growth of the embryoid, due to the formation of a white-gluey structure covered and mixed with the embryoid.
Macrophages modulate fibrosis during newt lens regeneration
Authors: Tsissios Georgios , Sallese Anthony , Perez-Estrada J. Raul , Tangeman Jared A. , Chen Weihao , Smucker Byran , Ratvasky Sophia C. , Grajales-Esq Erika l , Martinez Arielle , Visser Kimberly J. , Araus Alberto Joven , Wang Hui , Simon Andras , Yun Maximina H. , Rio-Tsonis Katia Del
Published: November 2023

Background Previous studies indicated that macrophages play a role during lens regeneration in newts, but their function has not been tested experimentally. Methods Here we generated a transgenic newt reporter line in which macrophages can be visualizedin vivo. Using this new tool, we analyzed the location of macrophages during lens regeneration. We uncovered early gene expression changes using bulk RNAseq in two newt species,Notophthalmus viridescensandPleurodeles waltl. Next, we used clodronate liposomes to deplete macrophages, which inhibited lens regeneration in both newt species. Results Macrophage depletion induced the formation of scar-like tissue, an increased and sustained inflammatory response, an early decrease in iris pigment epithelial cell (iPEC) proliferation and a late increase in apoptosis. Some of these phenotypes persisted for at least 100 days and could be rescued by exogenous FGF2. Re-injury alleviated the effects of macrophage depletion and re-started the regeneration process. Conclusions Together, our findings highlight the importance of macrophages in facilitating a pro-regenerative environment in the newt eye, helping to resolve fibrosis, modulating the overall inflammatory landscape and maintaining the proper balance of early proliferation and late apoptosis.
Biomarkers of oxidative stress and bioaccumulation of trace metals in waterbirds from different rice fields systems
Authors: Bergmann Fabiane Borba , Leitemperger Jossiele Wesz , Jorge Marianna Basso , Amaral Hugo Leonardo Cunha , Bianchini Adalto , Loro Vania Lucio , Guadagnin Demetrio Luis
Published: November 2023

Trace metals like copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), essential at low concentrations but toxic in excess, contrast with non-essential metals like cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), significant environmental contaminants. Conventional and organic agriculture employ varying agrichemical inputs, including trace metals. Elevated trace metals in aquatic environments can harm waterbirds, with oxidative metabolism changes indicating environmental stress. We compared trace metal concentrations (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu) in feathers and biomarkers in muscle and liver tissue of waterbirds from organic and conventional irrigated rice farms in South Brazil. Biomarkers included catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, protein carbonylation (PC), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and non-protein thiols (NPSH) concentration. Cu and Pb concentrations were higher in waterbirds from conventional farms, whereas Cd and Zn levels were elevated in organic farms. Birds foraging in organic farms exhibited lower CAT and SOD activity and higher NPSH, LPO, and PC concentrations compared to those in conventional farms. Higher Cu and Pb concentrations were associated with elevated SOD and CAT activity, more prevalent in birds frequenting conventional farms. Conversely, birds with higher Cd and Zn concentrations showed increased NPSH, LPO, and PC levels and were more common in organic farms. Our study underscores complex differences in trace metal accumulation and oxidative stress biomarkers among waterbirds in organic and conventional rice crops.
Enhancement of in vitro production of tropane alkaloids and phenolic compounds in Hyoscyamus niger by culture types and elicitor treatments
Authors: ALBAYRAK ilknur , DEMIRCI Tunahan , BAYDAR Nilgün GÖKTÜRK
Published: November 2023

This research aimed to identify the influences of 24-epibrasinolide (EBL) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) applications on growth parameters and secondary metabolite syntheses in adventitious root and cell suspension cultures of Hyoscyamine niger. Therefore, EBL at different concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2 mg L− 1), individually and together with 1 mM MJ were implemented in root and cell suspension cultures. In root cultures, the optimum concentration for achieving the highest root growth parameters was found to be 2 mg L− 1 of EBL. On the other hand, in cell suspension cultures, the best cell growth was observed when 1 mg L− 1 of EBL was applied. In root cultures, the highest scopolamine and hyoscyamine amounts were obtained when 1 mM MJ was applied in combination with EBL at concentrations of 1 and 2 mg L− 1, respectively. In cell cultures, 2 mg L− 1 EBL for scopolamine and 0.5 mg L− 1 EBL for hyoscyamine were found to be the best among all applications. Compared to the control, elicitor applications also stimulated phenolic production in both roots and cells, depending on their combinations and concentrations. Additionally, it was also found that the metabolite production performance of adventitious roots was higher than that of cells. In conclusion, it was suggested that the use of MJ and EBL could be a promising strategy for enhancing the accumulation of scopolamine, hyoscyamine, and phenolic substances in root and cell cultures of H. niger.
Study protocol for the Heads-Up trial: A phase II randomized controlled trial investigating head-up tilt sleeping to alleviate orthostatic intolerance in Parkinson’s Disease and parkinsonism
Authors: Stam Amber H. van der , de Vries Nienke M. , Shmuely Sharon , Smeenk Daan , Rutten Joost H. , Rossum Ineke A. van , de Bot Susanne T. , Claassen Jurgen A. , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Thijs Roland D.
Published: November 2023

Background
In persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD) or certain forms of atypical parkinsonism, orthostatic hypotension is common and disabling, yet often underrecognized and undertreated. About half of affected individuals also exhibit supine hypertension. This common co-occurrence of both orthostatic hypotension and supine hypertension complicates pharmacological treatments as the treatment of the one can aggravate the other. Whole-body head-up tilt sleeping (HUTS) is the only known intervention that may improve both. Evidence on its effectiveness and tolerability is, however, lacking, and little is known about the implementability.
Methods
In this double-blind multicenter randomized controlled trial (phase II) we will test the efficacy and tolerability of HUTS at different angles in 50 people with PD or parkinsonism who have both symptomatic orthostatic hypotension and supine hypertension. All participants start with one week of horizontal sleeping and subsequently sleep at three different angles, each maintained for two weeks. The exact intervention will vary between the randomly allocated groups. Specifically, the intervention group will consecutively sleep at 6°, 12° and 18°, while the delayed treatment group starts with a placebo angle (1°), followed by 6° and 12°. We will evaluate tolerability using questionnaires and compliance to the study protocol. The primary endpoint is the change in average overnight blood pressure measured by a 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure recording. Secondary outcomes include orthostatic blood pressure, orthostatic tolerance, supine blood pressure, nocturia and various other motor and non-motor tests and questionnaires.
Discussion
We hypothesize that HUTS can simultaneously alleviate orthostatic hypotension and supine hypertension, and that higher angles of HUTS are more effective but less tolerable. The Heads-Up trial will help to clarify the effectiveness, tolerability and feasibility of this intervention at home and can guide at-home implementation.
Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05551377; Date of registration: September 22, 2022.
Changing trends in human brucellosis in pastoral and agricultural China, 2004–2019: A Joinpoint regression analysis
Authors: Ma Xiaojuan Ma , Liu Zhuo , Zhao Yuan , Geng Yuhui , Meng Hua , Chen Mingbo , Pan Ting , Pan Dongfeng , liang Peifeng
Published: November 2023

Background
Brucellosis, a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella species, poses a significant public health concern in China, particularly in pastoral and areas. The incidence of human brucellosis has risen sharply in China but little is known about trends in pastoral and agricultural areas respectively.
Methods
Annual and monthly incidence and numbers of reported cases of human brucellosis in regional China between 2004 and 2019 were accessed from the National Public Health Science Data Sharing Center, and the annual percentage change (APC) in pastoral and agricultural areas was calculated. Annual and monthly trends were analyzed by the Joinpoint regression model.
Results
569016 cases of human brucellosis were reported between 2004 and 2019 with a peak in 2014. A trend of increasing incidence was found (AAPC = 6.3%, 95% CI: 3.2–9.4%) with higher rates in pastoral areas but greater mean increases in agricultural (AAPC = 9.4) and agricultural/pastoral areas (AAPC = 7.7) than in pastoral areas (AAPC = 5.9). Infections occurred throughout the year with a concentration of cases between March and July. Increasing monthly incidence was found in all types of areas from January to May (APC > 0) and a decreasing monthly trend was seen from May to December (APC < 0, p < 0.05).
Conclusions
The incidence of human brucellosis was higher in pastoral areas of China than in agricultural/pastoral or agricultural areas, however, the rate of increase was higher in agricultural/pastoral and agricultural areas than in pastoral areas. Epidemic surveillance should be strengthened in key counties (cities, districts) and prevention and control measures increased nationwide.
PAFAH1B3 is a KLF9 target gene and promotes proliferation and metastasis in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Dong Cairong , Yao Jinping , Wu Zhipeng , Hu Junwen , Sun Liang , Wu Zhengyi , Yan Jinlong , Yin Xiangbao
Published: November 2023

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal human malignancies. Unlimited proliferation, invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells are the fundamental causes of death in PDAC. Previous studies by our group have shown that KLF9 inhibits the proliferation, invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells. However, the mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we found that platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase IB3 (PAFAH1B3) was highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues and cells. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that overexpression of PAFAH1B3 promoted the proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, while downregulation of PAFAH1B3 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Mechanistically, KLF9 expression was negatively correlated with PAFAH1B3 expression in pancreatic cancer tissues and cells. Western blotting showed that KLF9 negatively regulated the expression of PAFAH1B3 in pancreatic cancer tissues and cells. Rescue experiments showed that overexpression of PAFAH1B3 could partially rescue the reduction in pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration induced by KLF9 overexpression. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual-luciferase reporter assays were carried out, and the results showed that KLF9 directly bound to the promoter of PAFAH1B3 and inhibited its transcriptional activity. In conclusion, our study indicated that KLF9 can inhibit the proliferation, invasion, migration and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting PAFAH1B3.
Are rot-causing Botryosphaeriaceae species surviving in healthy Manihot esculenta propagative material in Brazil?
Authors: Brito Amanda Cupertino de Queiroz , de Mello Juliana Ferreira , Neto José Vitorino da Silva , de Assis Daniele Magna Azevedo , Souza Ana Elisa de Almeida , Costa Antonio Félix da , Lopes Ueder Pedro , de Souza-Motta Cristina Maria , Machado Alexandre Reis
Published: November 2023

The study aimed to verify the presence of latent pathogens from the Botryosphaeriaceae family, associated with black root rot and stem dry rot, in healthy propagative material of Manihot esculenta in Brazil. To this end, we investigated the composition of endophytic fungal communities present in fresh healthy stems collected from M. esculenta plantations. Forty-one genera, two families and one subclass of fungi were identified in the collected samples. We detected the species of Botryosphaeriaceae - Lasiodiplodia euphorbiaceicola, L. theobromae and Neoscytalidium dimidiatum - composing fungal endophytic communities in M. esculenta plantations close to the coast of the state of Pernambuco (Brazil). Pathogenicity tests carried out on seedlings and roots of M. esculenta confirmed the capacity of the Botryosphaeriaceae specimens obtained to cause lesions in this host. L. euphorbiaceicola, L. theobromae and N. dimidiatum are recognized as pathogenic for M. esculenta, responsible for causing black root rot and stem dry rot in this crop in Brazil and other countries. However, this is the first study to isolate them as endophytes in healthy propagative material, showing evidence that these Botryosphaeriaceae can survive as pathogens or endophytes in this crop in Brazil.
Application of Machine Learning Algorithms for Accurate Determination of Bilirubin Level on Medically Relevant Tissue Phantom Images
Authors: Yuan Yijia , Huang Jiayao , Yu Jiachen , Tan Justin Kok Soon , Chng Kevin Ziyang , Lee Jiun , Kim Sangho
Published: November 2023

Neonatal Jaundice is a common occurrence in neonates. High excess bilirubin would lead to hyperbilirubinemia, leading to irreversible adverse damage such as kernicterus. Therefore, it is necessary and important to monitor neonates’ bilirubin levels in real-time for immediate intervention. However, current screening protocols have their inherent limitations, necessitating more convenient measurements. In this proof-of-concept study, we evaluated the feasibility of using machine learning for the screening of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates from smartphone-acquired photographs. Different machine learning models were compared and evaluated to gain a better understanding of feature selection and model performance in bilirubin determination. An in vitro study was conducted with a bilirubin-containing tissue phantom to identify potential biological and environmental confounding factors. The findings of this study present a systematic characterization of the confounding effect of various factors through separate parametric tests. These tests uncover potential techniques in image pre-processing highlighting important biological features (light scattering property and skin thickness) and external features (ISO, lighting conditions and white balance), which together contribute to robust model approaches for accurately determining bilirubin concentrations. By obtaining an accuracy of 0.848 in classification and 0.812 in regression, these findings indicate strong potential in aiding in the design of clinical studies using patient-derived images.
Biopesticidal Potential of Extracts of Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana rustica A. galanga, Azadirachta indica and Curcuma longa against Tribolium Castanelum
Authors: Akbar Rasheed , Ali Ashraf , Khattak Wajid Ali , Faheem Brekhna , Zaman Sikandar , Farid Abid , Khan Imtiaz Ali , Javed Qaiser , Sun Jianfan , Nawaz Mohsin
Published: November 2023

Red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is one of the most devastating pests of stored grains. In current study, the pesticidal effect of deltamethrin and five plant extracts Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana rustica A. galangal Azadirachta indica and Curcuma longa was evaluated. Deltamethrin was applied at the rate of 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, 0.004, 0.005 and 0.006% while five different concentrations 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 % were used for each of the plant extracts, for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Four replications for each treatment were carried out adapting Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Probit analysis was used to determine the LC50 and LC90 values. In contact toxicity test, deltamethrin demonstrated the highest toxicity with 0.88 v/v and 4.74 v/v, LC50 and LC90 respectively. The plant extracts however, demonstrated the highest mortality rate after 96 h of exposure. Lowest LC50 of 1.00 g/L and LC90,5.38 g/L, was recorded for N. rustica. Next in order was N. tabacum with LC50 1.09 g/L and LC90 6.50 g/L, followed by C. longa LC50 1.33 g/L and LC90 6.89 g/L and A. indica LC50 1.46 g/L and LC90 7.43 g/L against the pest species. In residual toxicity on the other hand, deltamethrin exhibited an LC50 of 0.93v/v and LC90 3.83 v/v. Whereas, in case of plant extracts the order of toxicity in terms of lowest LC50 0.79 g/L and LC90 10.37 g/L was observed with N. rustica, followed by LC50 1.18 g/L and LC90 9.02 g/L N. tabacum and LC50 1.82 g/L and LC90 22.36 g/L, A. indica against the red flour beetle. Various groups of phytochemicals such as phenols, saponins, alkaloids, di-terpenes, flavonoids and phytol-steroids were identified in the plants species aqueous extracts. Findings in the present study suggest that N. rustica, N. tabacum, C. longa, and A. indica can be effectively utilized to control T. castaneum as well as these plant species may be useful in the development of novel bio-pesticides.
Quantitative evaluation of ocular vascularity and correlation analysis in patients with diabetic retinopathy by SMI and OCTA
Authors: Wei Jin , Chen Chong , Shen Yinchen , Li Fang , Shu Yiyang , Liu Haiyun
Published: November 2023

Aims
To find potential relation between retrobulbar vessels and fundus microvessels and to detect sensitive and effective clinical indicators in predicting the progress of diabetic retinopathy (DR), ocular hemodynamics were measured using superb microvascular imaging (SMI) and ultrawide-field optical coherence tomography angiography (UWF-OCTA).
Methods
Observational, cross-sectional study evaluating patients with DR with SMI (Aplio i900, Canon Medical) and UWF-OCTA (BM-400K BMizar, Tupai Medical Technology). The peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI) of central retinal artery (CRA), posterior ciliary artery (PCA) and ophthalmic artery (OA) were measured using SMI. The fundus vascular parameters were evaluated by UWF-OCTA. A correlation analysis was used to determinethe correlation between SMI and UWF-OCTA parameters.
Results
139 eyes (29 with no signs of DR (NDR), 36 mild to moderate nonproliferative DR (M-NPDR), 37 severe NPDR (S-NPDR) and 37 PDR) were included. PSV and EDV of retrobulbar vessels decreased from NDR to S-NPDR while increased in PDR. RI of OA showed a decreasing trend in the progression of DR, but other vessels didn’t show the same trend. ROC curve analysis showed that CRAPSV, CRAEDV, PCAEDV, OAPSV and OAEDV had diagnostic value in distinguishing M-NPDR and S-NPDR. From the correlation analysis, a significant association was observed between the SMI parameters of CRA and PCA and UWF-OCTA parameters. CRA hemodynamics were more associated with fundus vascular parameters especially the retina in the NDR group than M-NPDR group. In contrast, PCA consistently correlated with fundus vascular parameters, especially in the choroid, from the NDR to the M-NPDR group. However, OA showed poor correlation with OCTA parameters.
Conclusion
The velocity of retrobulbar vessels, particularly the CRA may serve as a valuable predictor for assessing the progress of DR. Additionally, SMI may offer substantial significant utility in monitoring disease progression among patients with DR.
Clinical analysis and imaging study of lateral lumbar intervertebral fusion in the treatment of degenerative lumbar scoliosis
Authors: Jin Yuanzhang , Zhao Yibo , Lu Xiangdong , Qi Detai , Zhou Runtian , Wang Xiaonan , Zhao Bin , Zhao Xiaofeng
Published: November 2023

Background
With the increase in aging populations and the progress of technology, lateral lumbar intervertebral fusion (LLIF) for the treatment of degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) has been gaining more and more interest and usage.
Objective
To explore the feasibility and advantages of LLIF in the treatment of DLS and to observe the outcome through measurements of clinical efficacy and imaging changes.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed for 52 DLS patients (12 males and 40 females, aged 65.84 ± 9.873 years) who underwent LLIF from January 2019 to January 2023. The operation time, blood loss, complications, clinical efficacy indicators (VAS, ODI, and SF-36), and imaging indicators (coronal position: Cobb angle and CSVL-C7PL; and sagittal position: LL, SVA, PI, and TK) were measured, and follow-up was carried out for these patients. The postoperative and follow-up measurements were compared to the preoperative values.
Results
All patients successfully completed the operation, with an overall operation time of 283.90 ± 81.62 min, total blood loss of 257.27 ± 213.44 ml, and no serious complications. The clinical efficacy indexes after surgery and at follow-up were significantly improved compared with the preoperative period (P < 0.001). Compared to the preoperative values, the Cobb angle and LL angle were significantly improved after surgery (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, CSVL-C7PL, SVA, and TK did not change much after surgery (P > 0.05) but improved significantly at follow-up (P < 0.001). There was no significant change in PI at either the postoperative or follow-up timepoint.
Conclusion
LLIF showed less surgical bleeding, less trauma, and fast postoperative recovery, which can significantly restore and improve the balance of sagittal and coronal positions of the lumbar spine, and also improve the compensatory thoracic scoliosis.
Quantitative Proteomics of Breast Benign and Malignant Tumors Reveals a Malignancy Signature
Authors: Moreno-Ulloa Aldo , Zárate-Córdova Vareska L. , Ramírez-Sánchez Israel , Lopez Juan Carlos Cruz , Perez-Ortiz Andric , Villarreal-Garza Cynthia , Díaz-Chávez José , Estrada-Mena Benito , Aguirre Bani Antonio , López-Almanza Ximena P. , Romero Esmeralda Lira , Estrada-Mena Fco. Javier
Published: November 2023

The distinction between benign and malignant breast tumors is a challenge in clinical settings. While omic studies have contributed to discovering genetic and proteomic signatures in breast cancer, the molecular differences between benign and malignant tumors remain less studied. This pilot study aimed to investigate proteomic differences between both type of tumors to identify protein signatures indicative of malignancy. The relevance of our findings was assessed using published proteomics and transcriptomic datasets. Using SWATH-based mass spectrometry, we quantified 1,221 proteins in benign (n = 10) and malignant (n = 5) breast tumors. Protein-protein interaction (PPI)-based networks and enrichment analyses revealed dysregulation in pathways associated with extracellular matrix organization, platelet degranulation, innate immune system, and RNA metabolism. Through unsupervised analysis, a four-protein signature (OGN, LUM, DCN, and COL14A1) associated with the extracellular matrix emerged, differentiating between benign and malignant tumors. This protein dysregulation pattern was consistently verified in cancerous versus non-cancerous breast tissue across diverse proteomics and transcriptomics datasets. Notably, the dysregulation magnitude was higher in breast cancer subtypes with poor prognosis, such as Basal-Like and HER2 compared to Luminal A. These findings suggest a potential role for the identified signature in discerning malignant from non-cancerous breast tissue, offering valuable insights into enhancing diagnostic precision.
Anti-Spike Protein Antibody Immunoreactivity Is Widely Expressed in Human Lymph Nodes with or without Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna mRNA Vaccination in Non-Infected Individuals
Authors: Nogami Makoto , Hoshi Tomoaki , Toukairin Yoko , Arai Tomomi , Nishio Tadashi
Published: November 2023

The novel coronavirus SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), the rapidly spreading pandemic. When SARS-CoV-2 enters the target cell, the spike (S) glycoprotein binds to a cellular receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Effective vaccination has been achieved, utilizing the Spike (S) protein mRNA sequence. Objective: For a full understanding of the effects of Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna mRNA vaccines, we evaluated the lymphoid responses. We have performed S protein western blots for proteins extracted from axillary lymph nodes, and S protein immunohistochemistry for the axillary lymph node tissues from human autopsies. Results: Our results showed that both vaccinated and control cases (non-vaccinated or negative for anti-S and anti-N antibodies) had positive S protein reactivity in both western blots and immunohistochemistry. This reactivity was present several months after vaccination. One anti-S protein antibody western blots showed a positive correlation with serum anti-S protein amounts. The positivity in non-vaccinated uninfected individuals indicates that either the antibodies against S protein are cross-reacting to other proteins present in human tissues, or due to insidious infections to SARS-CoV-2. Further evaluation is necessary for the reliability of anti-S protein antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 studies.
Investigating Inconel 625: Mechanical and Microstructural Changes Under Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Patel Warish , Inbaraj Kantharaj , Faujdar Manu , Batra Raman , Yadav Rakesh Kumar , Mariswamy Madhusudhan
Published: November 2023

A production method used to 3D print or repair metal objects is referred to as wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). It belongs to a group of Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques known as Direct Energy Deposition (DED). To form a desired 3D shape, layers of metal are deposited on top of one another in WAAM.In the scope of WAAM, Mechanical and Microstructural (MM) changes refer to modifications that take occurred within a material's characteristics and structures during the AM process.An in-depth analysis of the changes that WAAM makes on the MM of Inconel 625 (I-625), a superalloy made of nickel.In this study, the fabrication of I-625 alloy utilizing Cold Metal Transfer (CMT)-WAAM (CMT-WAAM) has been analyzed. The specimen's layers varied in microstructure, according to microstructural examinations, with the lowest layer being composed of minute primary cellular grains.The typical microhardness of the manufactured specimen marginally increased from 255 HV to 259 HV with an increase in Travel Speed (TS), according to mechanical parameters that include hardness and tensile qualities.The development in yield strength (YS), which starting 650 MPa to 690 MPa, and ultimate tensile strength (UTS), which goes beginning 380 MPa to 408 MPa.The CMT-WAAM technique was used to build the components, and the results revealed that each had mechanical performance superior to that of I-625 alloy casting parts, except UTS. This proved that I-625 alloys could be produced using the CMT method.
Emotion and Emotion Regulation During Parent-Child Interactions: The Effect of Partner Presence
Authors: Enav Yael , Knudtson Marguerite , Goldenberg Amit , Gross James J.
Published: November 2023

Having people around, especially if they provide social support, often leads to positive outcomes both physically and mentally. Social support is especially beneficial when it comes from a loved one or romantic partner. In these studies, we aim to expand the understanding of how the presence of one’s romantic partner affects emotion regulation in parental situations. Specifically, we examined how partner presence influences the parent’s emotional intensity, emotion regulation, and interpretation of their child’s emotion regulation. We examined these questions in parents of both typically developing children (Study 1) as well as autistic children (Study 2), which we assume leads to more intense emotional interactions. The parents of autistic children were better able to regulate their emotions when their partners were present compared to when they were absent. Furthermore, parents’ ratings of their children’s ability to regulate their emotions were higher when their parent’s partner was present compared to when the partner was absent in both studies. However, we found no significant difference in the parents’ emotional intensity when their partners were present compared to when their partners were absent during the emotionally charged incident with their child in either study. Our findings help highlight the impact of partner presence on parent and child emotion regulation.
“It’s as if her husband has become the wife and she the wife has become the husband”: the Social Norms and Gender Dynamics of Men’s Engagement in Family Planning Practices in the DRC
Authors: Ekambi Salomine , Sugg Kathryn , Mpata Florence , Marachto Dédé Aliango , Winch Peter
Published: November 2023

Background
In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), a disparity exists in the fertility desires of men and women, with men often expressing a desire for more children than their partners. This disconnect can be attributed to social and gender norms that influence discussions and decision-making regarding birth spacing, birth limiting, and the adoption of modern contraceptive methods. This qualitative study examined social norms shaping the perception, attitudes, and decision-making around family planning among men in the DRC.
Methods
The study protocol was adapted from the 5-step process set forth in the Social Norms Exploration Tool (SNET). Data collection took place in the three provinces of Kasai Central, Lualaba, and Sankuru. This process was divided into three phases, a reference-group identification phase incorporating short, quantitative questionnaires, an exploration of norms and attitudes with the population of interest (N = 317) – here married and unmarried men – and further exploration of social norms among the reference groups (N = 144) cited by men.
Results
Social norms around family planning are contradictory and can be better understood by breaking down the concept of family planning into three categories of descriptive and injunctive norms: 1) the use of modern contraceptive methods, 2) birth spacing and family size, and 3) couple communication and decision-making. We found that while social norms oppose the use of modern contraceptive methods and mainly advocate for larger family size, there is notable social support for birth spacing. Some men reported they would support their wives in learning about contraceptive methods if they were able to make the final decision. However, other men felt that allowing their wives to seek a method would undermine their authority or their virility.
Conclusions
To increase modern contraceptive uptake, interventions should address the underlying issues that contribute to non-adherence, addressing the three categories and their associated norms individually and engaging reference groups important to each, including healthcare providers, religious leaders, and male peer groups, into family planning programming.
Predictive models for occurrence of expansive intracranial hematomas and surgical evacuation outcomes in traumatic brain injury patients in Uganda: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Kamabu Larrey Kasereka , Oboth Ronald , Bbosa Godfrey , Baptist Ssenyondwa John , Kaddumukasa Martin N. , Deng Daniel , Lekuya Hervé Monka , Kataka Louange Maha , Kiryabwire Joel , Moses Galukande , Sajatovic Martha , Kaddumukasa Mark , Fuller Anthony T.
Published: November 2023

Background:
Hematoma expansion is a common manifestation of acute intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) which is associated with poor outcomes and functional status.
Objective
We determined the prevalence of expansive intracranial hematomas (EIH) and assessed the predictive model for EIH occurrence and surgical evacuation outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Uganda.
Methods
We recruited adult patients with TBI with intracranial hematomas in a prospective cohort study. Data analysis using logistic regression to identify relevant risk factors, assess the interactions between variables, and developing a predictive model for EIH occurrence and surgical evacuation outcomes in TBI patients was performed. The predictive accuracies of these algorithms were compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). A p-values of < 0.05 at a 95% Confidence interval (CI) was considered significant.
Results
A total of 324 study participants with intracranial hemorrhage were followed up for 6 months after surgery. About 59.3% (192/324) had expansive intracranial hemorrhage. The study participants with expansive intracranial hemorrhage had poor quality of life at both 3 and 6-months with p < 0.010 respectively. Among the 5 machine learning algorithms, the random forest performed the best in predicting EIH in both the training cohort (AUC = 0.833) and the validation cohort (AUC = 0.734). The top five features in the random forest algorithm-based model were subdural hematoma, diffuse axonal injury, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, association between depressed fracture and subdural hematoma. Other models demonstrated good discrimination with AUC for intraoperative complication (0.675) and poor discrimination for mortality (0.366) after neurosurgical evacuation in TBI patients.
Conclusion
Expansive intracranial hemorrhage is common among patients with traumatic brain injury in Uganda. Early identification of patients with subdural hematoma, diffuse axonal injury, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, association between depressed fracture and subdural hematoma, were crucial in predicting EIH and intraoperative complications.