bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Individual Ambidexterity and Organizational Performance Among Employees
Authors: De Juan Lenie
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to assess if individual ambidexterity and organizational performance were symbiotic and how uncommon talent helped teams and businesses achieve unprecedented success among outlets of BB Corp. in a quantitative approach. It also tried to figure out the effects of these practices on business performance, specifically profitability and sustainability. With all the challenges encountered by employees and organizations, there was a need to develop awareness and understanding of how ambidexterity affects organizational performance that keeps individuals guided and performing well. This study used a descriptive causal design. The total population was 100 respondents, and a total enumeration sampling technique was applied. The result showed a significant relationship between the manifestation of Individual Ambidexterity and organizational performance level among employees in BB Corp. It also indicated that in terms of Exploration, the general assessment was interpreted as Fully Manifested, while in terms of Exploitation, it was interpreted as Manifested. In terms of Financial, Operational, and Shareholder Return Performance, these are all interpreted as Good. Exploitation significantly impacts the organizational performance level among employees in terms of Financial and Operational Performance. While in Shareholder Return Performance, exploration and exploitation significantly impact the Organizational Performance. This also indicates that the higher the manifestation of Individual Ambidexterity, the higher the organizational performance. The proposed action plan can address the issues and challenges of individual ambidexterity to enhance employee organizational performance. It served as a basis for management practices once found compelling.
Nueva Directiva de Sostenibilidad. Identificación de prácticas de información medioambiental a mejorar en empresas españolas
Authors:   IRT Auditores, Pérez Cuesta Eneko , Corral Lage Javier ,   Universidad del País Vasco, Saitua Iribar Ainhoa ,   Universidad del País Vasco, Peña Miguel Noemí ,   Universidad del País Vasco
Published: January 2025

La divulgación medioambiental influye tanto en el rendimiento medioambiental como en el comportamiento de los grupos de interés. En el contexto de crisis climática y transición energética, este artículo identifica las áreas de mejora para adaptarse a la nueva normativa de información medioambiental. Se realiza un Análisis de Contenido de los Estados de Información No Financiera (EINF) de empresas líderes españolas de tres sectores con diferente impacto ambiental. Los resultados confirman que, si bien las empresas analizadas cumplen con la ley, ninguna cumpliría lo que exigirá la nueva normativa en 2024. Los resultados ayudarán a mejorar la divulgación de las empresas de forma que puedan legitimar mejor sus acciones, y a mejorar la gestión medioambiental, contribuyendo así a mejorar el planeta para toda la sociedad.
O BENEFÍCIO DO USO DE TECNOLOGIAS NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL E MÉDIO
Authors: NASCIMENTO JÚNIOR Joel Camargo do , LOPES Ronan Anacleto
Published: January 2025

The integration of technologies in the educational environment has revolutionized the teaching and learning process, especially in Elementary and High School education. Digital tools such as interactive platforms, educational apps, and electronic devices are transforming the way students and teachers interact with knowledge. These technologies offer a more dynamic, personalized, and real-world connected learning experience, promoting the development of essential skills for the 21st century. This article explores the positive impacts of using technological resources in basic education, highlighting how these innovations can enhance teaching and prepare students for future challenges.
A ABORDAGEM CLÍNICA DO DELIRIUM EM PACIENTES INTERNADOS NA UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA
Authors: Sousa Antonio Carlos Oliveira de , Silva Eduarda Borges , Castro Pedro Henrique do Nascimento , Cunha Larisse dos Santos , Nassur Carlos Henrique Fernandes , Santos Diego da Silva , Almeida Matheus Felipe de , Junqueira Hugo de Andrade , Silva Maria Camila Rique , Melo Aline Caldas
Published: January 2025

O delírio é uma forma de disfunção cerebral aguda que se manifesta como atenção flutuante e função cognitiva prejudicada. Pode apresentar uma variedade de sintomas, incluindo agitação psicomotora significativa, nível de consciência deprimido ou ambos. Diversos fatores de risco podem desencadear o delírio, os quais são agrupados em duas categorias: riscos que podem predispor o paciente ao delírio (modificáveis​​ ou não modificáveis) e riscos relacionados ao tratamento recebido enquanto na UTI ou no ambiente. As intervenções aplicadas poderão ser feitas através de vias farmacológicas e não farmacológicas.  A presente pesquisa trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura. A questão norteadora foi: “Quais as abordagens terapêuticas para o manejo do delirium em pacientes internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva ?”. Incluídos estudos de livre acesso, publicados nos últimos três anos em qualquer idioma, que respondessem à pergunta de pesquisa, foram excluídos estudos duplicados, com dados incompletos e que não apresentavam relação com o tema. A busca foi realizada nos seguintes bancos de dados: Web of Science, Lilacs, Scielo, PubMed, Science Direct e Scopus, sendo utilizados os mesmos descritores em inglês conforme os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCs):  (Hospitalization OR “Length of Stay”) AND (“Intensive Care Units”) AND (“Central Nervous System” OR Delirium). As buscas nas bases de dados identificaram 5.056 artigos, sendo 886 estudos duplicados, sendo incluídos 08 estudos na revisão. Os estudos enfatizam a importância de intervenções adaptadas ao perfil individual do paciente, ressaltando a complexidade do gerenciamento do delirium e a necessidade de estratégias multidimensionais.
An Effective Approach for Kidney Diseases detection using Transfer Learning
Authors: Mishra Dr. Jayant , Issar Mr. Rajendra Prasad , Dixit Dr. Priyanka
Published: January 2025

An essential issue in public health, chronic kidney disease is characterized by a high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality rate. India is home to 17% of the world's population, but having less than 3% of the total land mass. Results have been less than ideal due to a combination of factors, including a low gross domestic product, a large percentage of patients living below the poverty line, and inadequate funding for health care. In addition, despite ongoing concerns about communicable diseases, high rates of child and maternal mortality, and a competition for resources, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other non-communicable diseases have frequently been disregarded. High prevalence of chronic kidney disease in India is due to multiple factors. According to data from the United Nations Children's Emergency Fund, 28% of infants weigh less than 2.5 kg when they are born. Reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate and reduced kidney volume at delivery may result from nutrients deficiency during pregnancy, such as hypovitaminosis A.A GFR of 60 or above is considered normal. Consult your physician regarding the reevaluation of your GFR(Glomerular Filtration Rate).GFRs below 60 may signify kidney pathology. Inquire with your physician on the preservation of kidney health.A GFR of 15 or lower indicates renal failure. Dialysis or kidney transplants are necessary for the majority falling below this threshold. Consanguinity and genetic inbreeding enhance kidney and urinary tract congenital abnormalities and obstructive or reflux nephropathy risk. Poverty, poor sanitation, pollution, water contamination, overcrowding, and known and unknown nephrotoxins (including heavy metals and plant poisons in indigenous treatments) can cause glomerular and interstitial kidney disorders. The rising prevalence of hypertension and diabetes compounds these exposures. India is anticipated to have the most diabetics by 2030.
Funciones ejecutivas según la percepción de padres y evaluación de la inteligencia en escolares de Cuenca, Ecuador, durante la modalidad virtual en pandemia
Authors: Atamaint Torres Gabriela , Tacuri Reino David
Published: January 2025

Las funciones ejecutivas y la inteligencia son dos aspectos de la cognición caracterizados por realizar actividades mentales complejas. Durante la pandemia, el confinamiento dificultó la evaluación telemática, ya que pocas tareas podían ser efectivamente aplicadas. Como objetivo se planteó correlacionar las funciones ejecutivas según la percepción de los padres y la inteligencia fluida de los niños en la modalidad virtual. Como método participaron 121 estudiantes de 9 a 11 años y sus padres. Se consideraron los resultados del cuestionario CHEXI para evaluar el funcionamiento ejecutivo en niños, así como la prueba de matrices progresivas de Raven. Los resultados indicaron que el estado de las funciones ejecutivas y la inteligencia evaluada no tuvieron alteraciones significativas. Se encontró una relación entre la memoria de trabajo y la inteligencia fluida. Finalmente, se concluyó que la percepción de problemas relacionados con la memoria de trabajo está asociada con niveles más bajos de inteligencia fluida.
Propuesta de metodologías activas para la inclusión étnica en segundo nivel de Bachillerato a través de la fotografía de fiestas populares
Authors: Guartatanga Coronel Jorge Luis , Orellana Moscoso Abrahán Felipe , Reyes Guaranda Mauricio Esteban
Published: January 2025

El objetivo de este artículo es diseñar una clase metodológica instructiva para el uso docente, mediante el empleo de la narrativa fotográfica de contextos festivos como herramienta para el desarrollo de procesos identitarios inclusivos. El problema que guía la investigación radica en la necesidad de implementar metodologías innovadoras que refuercen el sentido de pertenencia en contextos educativos diversos. Se emplearon tres métodos para el análisis de la información: el análisis conceptual, que permitió identificar los significados asociados a las festividades; el análisis fenomenológico, que ayudó a comprender la experiencia de los participantes en relación con las tradiciones culturales y el análisis narrativo, que estructuró las historias visuales y textuales recogidas. Del análisis de impacto de la clase se concluye que la narrativa fotográfica es un recurso efectivo para fortalecer el sentido de pertenencia y promover la inclusión educativa, según las percepciones de los estudiantes.
Coma e Consciência Comprometida: Uma visão geral dos mecanismos, diagnóstico e abordagens terapêuticas
Authors: Spagnollo Jaíse Confortin , Gaião Lara Bortolanza , Martinez Samuel de Brito Fernandes , Ribeiro Isabela Cristina Laet , Almeida Lucas Henrique Rodrigues , Gretter Cláudio Junior , Carmo Victor Hugo Ferreira do , Abreu Samuel Djilas Ferreira de , Rebelo Ana Catarina Dutra , Viotto Luiz Henrique , Viotto Camila Maria Buso Weiller , Castelan Laura Amaro , Martins Geórgia Gomes Lima , Nascimento Rodolffo Gustavo Ascarum do , Sousa Brena Caroline Cavalcante de , Neves Andre Tarso Carvalho
Published: January 2025

O coma e a consciência comprometida são condições neurológicas graves que resultam em uma perda parcial ou total da percepção e resposta ao ambiente. Essas condições podem ser causadas por uma variedade de fatores, incluindo trauma craniano, doenças metabólicas, infecções, intoxicações ou distúrbios circulatórios. O coma caracteriza-se pela ausência de resposta voluntária, enquanto a consciência comprometida abrange uma gama de estados de alteração da percepção e da cognição. O manejo clínico dessas condições exige diagnóstico rápido, identificação da causa subjacente e tratamento adequado para prevenir danos cerebrais adicionais e melhorar as chances de recuperação do paciente. Essa revisão de literatura foi realizada por meio de publicações científicas encontradas nos seguintes bancos de dados: Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), Public Medline (PubMed), Portal de Periódicos CAPES e Scientific Elec tronic Library Online (SciELO), sem restrição de período. Foram também consultados os sites oficiais do Ministério da Saúde e a literatura cinzenta. O coma e a consciência comprometida são condições complexas que exigem diagnóstico precoce e tratamento imediato. O prognóstico depende da gravidade da causa subjacente, da rapidez do tratamento e da resposta do paciente. Embora alguns pacientes se recuperem totalmente, outros podem enfrentar sequelas permanentes ou até mesmo a morte cerebral. A reabilitação é crucial para a recuperação, envolvendo cuidados intensivos, fisioterapia e apoio psicossocial. O manejo dessas condições requer uma abordagem multidisciplinar, com monitoramento constante e colaboração entre profissionais de saúde, visando otimizar os resultados e fornecer o melhor cuidado ao paciente e seus familiares.
HOW DOES ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING AFFECT PROFITABILITY AND LIQUIDITY OF QUOTED MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN NIGERIA?
Authors: ADEGBOYEGA R. AFOLABI
Published: January 2025

Environmental pollution are natural tendencies in the industrialized community and it is dangerous to the health of people living in the industrialized environment. This study examined the effect of environmental auditing on profitability (using Return on Asset (ROA) and liquidity Quick-Test Ratio) of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study adopted ex-post facto research design with secondary source of data using audited financial statements and annual reports for ten (10) year period from 2013 to 2022 obtained from selected quoted manufacturing companies with a population of forty-two (42) listed companies on the floor of the Nigeria Exchange (NGX); out of which a sample size of twelve (12) were selected using probability sampling. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the data analysis. Regression Analysis was adopted to test the hypotheses. The result of the findings indicated that environmental auditing has significant effect on the Profitability (AdjR2=0.495 f–statistics of 59.400 with p-value of 0.000<0.05); on Liquidity, (AdjR2=0.477 f-statistics of 5.934 with p-value of 0.004<0.05); of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study concluded that Environmental auditing has significant effect on profitability and liquidity of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. It recommended that Management should adopt good inventory management system and avoid unnecessary cost that can emanate from obsolete and spoilt inventory in order to avoid loss of profit and liquidity. They should comply with all required Environmental Sanitation and Health related standard, rules and regulations.
ASSESSING THE PRESCRIPTION PRACTICES: A FOCUS FOR MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PATIENT SAFETY ENHANCEMENT
Authors: Khan Naveed Afzal , Raza Liaqat , Sawal Shafa Haider , Khan Abdul Jalil , Durrani Mushyyada , Mahmood Afsheen
Published: January 2025

Objective: To assess the Prescription of medications in a healthcare facility according to the Minimum Service Delivery Standards (MSDS) of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Health Care Commission (KPHCC).
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar. Records of prescriptions were collected at the pharmacy for two consecutive weeks in April 2023 (n=463 – all prescriptions). They were reviewed against the Ind 122 for medical orders of the Minimum Service Delivery Standards (MSDS) of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Health Care Commission (KPHCC). The pharmacist In-charge collaborated to assess the prescriptions.  Observations were entered into an Excel spreadsheet for analysis.
Results:  A total of 17 specialties were represented in the collected prescriptions. Differential diagnosis was missing from 83% of the prescriptions. The patient's age was noted in 93% of the prescriptions but weight was only noted in 39% of cases. Route of medication for administration was noted in 33% while dosage of medication was present in 100 percent of the cases.
Conclusion: Prioritizing patient safety in healthcare is crucial, and precise prescription writing is vital. Enhancing the training of healthcare professionals in prescription writing and their compliance with the guidelines is crucial to minimize the chance of medical errors. Noting the differential diagnosis is paramount for proper follow-up and audit of prescriptions.
Рецензия на рукопись учебного пособия «Гражданское процессуальное право (гражданский процесс)», подготовленную Карпеевой Е.В., Старицыным А.Ю., Захаровой О.Н., Багановой С.В.
Authors: Горелов М.В.
Published: January 2025

В настоящей рецензии освещаются основные вопросы, изложенные в учебном пособии. Представленная на рецензию рукопись учебного пособия «Гражданское процессуальное право (гражданский процесс)» подготовлена коллективом научных работников Байкальского государственного университета в составе: Карпеевой Екатерины Вячеславовны, Старицына Алексея Юрьевича, Захаровой Ольги Николаевны, Багановой Светланы Владимировны. Учебное пособие «Гражданское процессуальное право (гражданский процесс)» выполнено по одноименной учебной дисциплине и предназначено для студентов высших учебных заведений, обучающихся в соответствии с федеральными государственными стандартами высшего образования.

This review highlights the key issues in the tutorial. The manuscript of the textbook «Civil Procedural Law (Civil Procedure)» submitted for review was prepared by a team of scientists from Baikal State University consisting of: Karpeeva Ekaterina Vyacheslavovna, Staritsyn Alexei Yuryevich, Zakharova Olga Nikolaevna, Baganova Svetlana Vladimirovna. The textbook «Civil Procedural Law (Civil Procedure)» is made in the discipline of the same name and is intended for students of higher educational institutions studying in accordance with federal state standards of higher education.
Perspectivas de Turismo Sostenible: La Importancia de la Diversidad Cultural en Comunidades Indígenas de América Latina
Authors: Garcés Moreira Julio Abel , Chamoli Falcón Andy Williams , López Hernández Carlos Alberto , Gómez Mieles Juan Manuel , Intriago Valarezo Jorge Rodrigo
Published: January 2025

La diversidad cultural en las comunidades indígenas de América Latina es fundamental para el turismo sostenible, ya que su adecuada representación puede influir significativamente en su desarrollo económico y social. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la literatura sobre la representación de la diversidad cultural indígena en el contexto del turismo sostenible en la región. Mediante una revisión bibliográfica de investigaciones previas. Los resultados destacan que el turismo sostenible puede empoderar a las comunidades, facilitando gestionar sus propios recursos y preservar su patrimonio cultural. Sin embargo, también se identifican riesgos asociados, como la explotación y la comercialización de su cultura, que podrían distorsionar la autenticidad. Es fundamental que las comunidades indígenas participen activamente en la toma de decisiones relacionadas con el turismo, para garantizar una representación auténtica de su identidad cultural. Esta inclusión contribuye a un desarrollo más equilibrado y respetuoso de sus tradiciones. El estudio subraya la importancia de un enfoque ético y colaborativo en el desarrollo del turismo sostenible, que respete y valore la diversidad cultural de las comunidades. Se admite restricciones por fundamentarse en una revisión bibliográfica por lo que en futuro estudios deberían enfocarse en la puesta en marcha de políticas inclusivas que aseguren la participación activa de las comunidades y la evaluación del impacto que el turismo pueda tener en su cohesión social y cultural. Finalmente se subraya la necesidad de políticas públicas que promuevan participaciones indígenas en el turismo sostenible, protegiendo su patrimonio y diversidad cultural frente a posibles riesgos de explotación. Esto garantizará un turismo justo y equitativo para las comunidades indígenas en América Latina.
EXPLORING CHALLENGES FACED BY DUAL-CAREER COUPLES AMONG NURSES IN PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN. QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
Authors: Saad Saad Mujahid Khan , Ullah Kamran , Ahmad Shaheer Ahmad , Abid Abid Ur rahman , Wali Farzana , Jabeen Irum , Rahman Fath Ur , Issac Shabana
Published: January 2025

Background: Dual-career couples are increasingly common globally, with significant implications for work-life balance, particularly in professions like nursing that demand intensive time and emotional investment. Rising inflation, economic challenges, and evolving societal roles have contributed to the growth of dual-career households. In Pakistan, these dynamics are further influenced by traditional gender expectations, posing unique challenges for nurses and their families. Understanding these challenges is vital for developing effective interventions to support dual-career couples in achieving a sustainable balance between professional and personal lives.
Objective: To explore the challenges faced by dual-career couples among nurses in Peshawar, Pakistan, focusing on work, family, and social dimensions, and identify strategies for managing these challenges.
Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted over six months in four healthcare institutions in Peshawar, including Rufaidah Nursing College, Kuwait Teaching Hospital, Mercy Teaching Hospital, and Prime Teaching Hospital. Using purposive sampling, 24 dual-career couples (48 participants) aged 20–55 were recruited. Participants were legally married, with at least one spouse holding a nursing license. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained prior to the study.
Results: Key challenges identified included time management (80%), work-life balance (75%), and financial stress (60%). Participants reported limited time for personal activities (85%) and difficulties attending family functions (70%). Job-related stress impacted family relationships in 65% of couples. Strategies like mutual support (90%) and effective communication (85%) helped mitigate these challenges. Dual-career dynamics were particularly influenced by irregular work schedules and cultural expectations.
Conclusion: Dual-career couples in nursing face multifaceted challenges that impact their well-being and relationships. Supportive workplace policies, flexible scheduling, and societal interventions are crucial to promoting work-life balance and enhancing the quality of life for these couples.
HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AT PIEAS - A BRIEF HISTORICAL ACCOUNT
Authors: Hasan B. A.
Published: January 2025

In this article the historical-role of the Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) as the key Human Resource Development (HRD) centre of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) is described. This brief account covers a period of about 37 years, from 1967 to 2004 and goes on to describe the several transformations that a small and modest facility â€žReactor Schoolâ€Ÿ went through by first growing into the famous â€žCentre for Nuclear Studies (CNS)â€Ÿ and later-on the present day PIEAS - as one of the most respected and prestigious degree awarding institute of the country. PIEAS was established to cater for the HRD needs of PAEC but now its scope has been broadened to a much wider extent to address the national needs. Presently PIEAS is imparting education to the postgraduate level in 7 different areas with a diversity that ranges from Nuclear Engineering to Nuclear Medicine, while several other graduate and postgraduate degrees are in the pipeline. The pioneering role of its founders and the award-winning contributions of PIEAS graduates are also presented.
MANAGEMENT OF DISUSED SEALED RADIOACTIVE SOURCES (DSRS) COLLECTED FROM PUNJAB, NWFP AND CAPITAL TERRITORY OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Jan F. , Wahid A. , Haq E. U. , Ahmad S. S. , Aslam M. , Hussain M.
Published: January 2025

Disused Sealed Radiation Sources (DSRSs) pose radiological threat and concern globally to both public and the environment. The sources may get mislaid or lost if not properly managed due to their small physical size and therefore, need to be managed with an adequate nuclear waste management infrastructure and legal framework. Management of such moieties from upper half of the country has been entrusted to Radioactive Waste Management Group of Health Physics Division at Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Islamabad. Various types of DSRSs having a total activity of 91360 GBq have been collected from various end users such as nuclear medical centres and industries in the eastern and north-western parts of Pakistan. A conditioning procedure has been optimized and a few sources have been conditioned which are being studied. The procedure has yet to be approved from the regulatory authority. The results are promising. Satisfactory management parameters, reduced radiation risks and improved security of the sources have shown the viability of the procedure. The possibility of using DSRS as a radiological dispersal device, risk of improper handling, or loss of control, etc. has been reduced considerably and control over the spent SRS is facilitated. This paper briefly describes management parameters like legal infrastructure and control, collection, conditioning and on-site interim storage, radiation safety and contamination control, quality assurance, documentation and inventory of DSRS in the country.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF YELLOW VARIETY OF SEABUCKTHORN (HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES L)
Authors: Zeb A. , Khan Z. A. , Qazi I. M. , Ullah Ihsan
Published: January 2025

This study was carried out to evaluate the physico-chemical composition of seabuckthorn yellow variety wildly grown in northern areas of Pakistan. The sites selected were Skardu, Shigar, Khaplu and Hunza. The analysis of the fruit was carried out in the form of whole berries, pulp and seed. The parameters studied were pH, acidity, sugar, protein, ascorbic acid, moisture, total soluble solids (TSS), ash and oil. Mean moisture contents had the figures of 68.68, 72.18 and 20.39% in whole berries, pulp and seed, respectively. The ash levels from four sites were found in the range of 2.13-2.64 (whole), 0.79-1.01 (pulp) and 1.05-1.28% (seed). Maximum mean concentrations of various parameters determined were 11.06 (TSS), 14.73 (crude oil), 24.86 (crude protein), 1.58% (titratable acidity) and 53.58 mg/100g (ascorbic acid). Highest contents in the pulp for total and reducing sugars were 8.33 and 7.39% while maximum non-reducing level was observed in whole berries (1.43%). Mean total soluble solids (TSS) determined was 9.56 (whole) and 11.06 obrix (pulp).
MORPHOLOGICAL AND AGRONOMIC TRAITS OF WHEAT GENOTYPES INFLUENCED BY PLANTING DATES
Authors: Khalil S. K. , Rehman A. , Khan A. Z. , Akhtar S. , Khalil I. H. , Rehman S.
Published: January 2025

Number of leaves and specific leaf area are important traits affecting physiological processes including photosynthate production, assimilate accumulation and partitioning. Wheat planted later than optimum-planting time usually reduces leaves per plant and other parameters. The objective of this study was to quantify the reduction in leaf traits and grains per spike of wheat varieties if planting is delayed. Three wheat varieties (Bakhtawar-92, Inqulab-91, and BNS) were planted on six dates from October 15 to December 30 with 15 days interval at New Developmental Farm, Agricultural University Peshawar, Pakistan. Planting date and varieties significantly affected number of leaves per plant, leaf weight, specific leaf weight, days to maturity and number of grains per spike. Wheat planted on October 15 produced heavier leaves and took maximum days to maturity, while leaves per plant increased upto October 30 planting. Specific leaf area and number of grains per spike increased up to November 30, thereafter both parameters decreased. Variety Bakhtawar-92 and BNS took more days to maturity; produced more leaves per plant, specific leaf area and more grains per spike. It can be concluded that all the three varieties can be planted upto 30th November as it produced more grains per spike and specific leaf area, however, leaves per plant increased upto October 30, thereafter no increase was observed in Peshawar valley, NWFP, Pakistan.
AN OVERVIEW OF BIOFUELS
Authors: Qureshi I. H. , Ahmad S.
Published: January 2025

Biofuels for transport have received considerable attention due to rising oil prices and growing concern about greenhouse gas emissions. Biofuels namely ethanol and esters of fatty acids have the potential to displace a substantial amount of petroleum fuel in the next few decades which will help to conserve fossil fuel resources. Life cycle analyses show that biofuels release lesser amount of greenhouse gases and other air pollutants. Thus biofuels are seen as a pragmatic step towards reducing carbon dioxide emission from transport sector. Biofuels are compatible with petroleum and combustion engines can easily operate with 10% ethanol and 20% biodiesel blended fuel with no modification. However higher concentrations require â€œflex-fuelâ€ engines which automatically adjust fuel injection depending upon fuel mix. Biofuels are derived from renewable biomass and can be produced from a variety of feedstocks. The only limiting factors are the availability of cropland, growth of plants and the climate. Countries with warmer climate can get about five times more biofuel crops from each acre of land than cold climate countries. Genetically modified crops and fast growing trees are being developed to increase the production of energy crops.
METAL CONTENTS IN RAWAL LAKE WATER AND FISH
Authors: Mashiatullah A. , Chaudhary M. Z. , Javed T. , Khan E. U.
Published: January 2025

Concentration of metals (Al, Fe, Mn, As, Sr, Zn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Co) were measured in Rawal lake water and fish. The objective of the study was to determine metal load in Rawal lake water and fish. Physiochemical characteristics of the lake water were also determined. Rawal lake was monitored at 12 sites in three profiles. At each station, water samples were collected from surface, middle and bottom column. Results of the study revealed that water quality of Rawal Lake, in terms of physiochemical characteristics (pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids and alkalinity), is satisfactory and the values of these parameters are within permissible water quality limits. Metal concentrations at different stations varied widely because these are carried into the lake from different sources. However, in lake water, average As is found in high concentration while average contents of Al, Fe, Mn, Sr and Zn were within WHO permissible limits. Ni, Cd, Cr, Cu, Co and Pb were below detection limit (< 0.001 Î¼g/ml). In general, metal ions concentration increased with water column depth which indicates that metal ions originated from weathering. Metal ions in two species of fish (Labeo rohita and Tor species) were higher than the levels found in water. The study concludes that increasing population in catchments Zone of Rawal Lake must be regularized and there should be some management policy to check further increase in the number of poultry and agro farms in the catchments zones.
DETECTION OF 41Ar IN THE VICINITY OF PAKISTAN RESEARCH REACTOR â€“ 1 DURING 2007-2009
Authors: Wasim M. , Zaidi J. H. , Arif M. , Anwar Y.
Published: January 2025

The study reports the determination of 41Ar in the vicinity of Pakistan Research Reactor - 1 (PARR-1) during 2007-2009. 41Ar was determined in the neutron activation analysis laboratory, Chemistry Division, PINSTECH during its normal spectra acquisitions. Initially, the peak at 1293.7 keV went un-identified but recently it has been associated with 41Ar. Although, the source of 41Ar is known, which is PARR-1 but its pathway into the laboratory is unknown. Moreover, the rate of production of 41Ar and the dose produced by it is also not known. The presence of a strong peak at 1293.7 keV not only masks the 1292.6 keV Î³-line of 59Fe but it also increases the limit of detection for most of radionuclides. Its presence, therefore, should be taken seriously for neutron activation analysis work and for low-level countings.
SIMULATE THE FLOW IN MONOLITH REACTORS USING CFD
Authors: Sharif Samrana , Al-Dahhan M. H. , K. Wardag A. N. , Chughtai I. R. , Arif M.
Published: January 2025

The objective of this research work is to simulate the flow in monolith reactors using computational fluid dynamics for both single channel and monolith bed. It proposes a co-current down flow monolith reactor system to investigate the flow distribution characteristics in a 2 inch monolith reactor equipped with selected types of distributors and operated in the Taylor flow regime. The effects of liquid distributor type and the liquid and gas velocities within the desired flow regime of Taylor flow on the flow distribution have also been investigated and provided. The existing single tube model for the Taylor flow regime has modified by integrating the hydrodynamics and kinetics to predict the performance of monolith reactor. The analysis on both single channel and monolith bed has been done and compared with the experimental data provided.
RECENT RESULTS FROM MILAGRO FIELD CAMPAIGN 2006 IN THE MEXICO MEGACITY
Authors: Molina L. T. , Madronich S. , Madronich S. , Gaffney J. S. , Gaffney J. S. , Singh H. B. , Singh H. B. , Sosa G. , Sosa G.
Published: January 2025

The air quality in large urbanized regions represents one of the major threats to the public and the ecosystems health. A number of harmful compounds emitted to the atmosphere from the various human activities increase the risk of having undesired illnesses, and possible death. Secondary air pollutants in both, air and aerosol phase, contribute to worsening this situation. on the other hand, there is an increasing recognition that air quality and climate change are strongly connected. Ozone plays an important role in this connection, apart from being by itself a greenhouse gas. This interaction is expected to evolve in response to changes in man-made emissions of gas precursors and to changes in physical climate. In this paper, a general scheme of the tropospheric ozone formation will be presented, as well as the current results from the MILAGRO field campaign took place in the Mexico Megacity in 2006.
DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF DISTILLATION COLUMN UNIT TO STUDY OPERATIONAL FAILURES
Authors: Ramzan N. , Naveed S. , Faheem M. , Feroze N. , Witt W.
Published: January 2025

Distillation column units present special safety hazards because of their large inventories, which often involve flammable solvents. Thus study of operational failures, which may results into incidents or accidents, in a distillation column unit by simulation is of value. In such cases, a mandatory condition in safety assessment is the detailed disturbance analysis through simulation to cover a wide range of operation. In this paper, scenarios such as loss of cooling, more or less steam flow rate, high or low feed flow rate etc. are simulated to evaluate control structures and for safety examination. This is achieved through introduction of small and large disturbances. The distillation column unit, which is part of a hydrocarbon recovery plant, from a real chemical plant is taken for case study. The operational failures in distillation column unit under study were identified through simulation with two different inferential configurations and a dual composition control scheme. Simulation results illustrates that the condenser level controller, sump level controller, temperature controller and vent to atmosphere keeps the process controlled variables at the set point for these disturbances except for the case where 20% reduction in feed was introduced.
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS MODEL OF A THIN LEAD ZIRCONATE TITANATE DISC UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS
Authors: Pasha R. A. , Zaman M. Z.
Published: January 2025

In the present work a thin lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric ceramics disc investigated for its sensitivity in performance at two different temperatures for different frequencies and at a series of resistance bands. The peak-peak voltage has been considered as its output functioning parameter at different conditions. Real time data was collected by connecting the prescribed circuitry and behavior of material investigated for ten consecutive resistance bands. The disc was found highly sensitive to the selected range of frequencies and resistances as compared with temperature sensitivity. Experimental results have been used to develop a mathematical model by considering the ten consecutive resistance bands for two referenced temperatures. An exponential behavior has been noted which indicated the change at higher values of resistance bands. The behavior of the material was founded with the stated frequencies and resistance bands at room temperature and at 1600C.
LABELLING OF M-TRIMETHYL SILYLPHENYL)-ETHYLIDENE-1, 1-BISPHOSPHONATE WITH 99mTc AND ITS EVALUATION AS AN IMAGING AGENT
Authors: Sajid K. M. , Mahmood R.
Published: January 2025

Technetium-99m labeled phosphates and phosphonates have since long been in use for bone imaging to diagnose bone infection, bone metastasis and bone fracture. 131I -labeled bisphosphonates have also been prepared for targeted radiotherapy of bone metastasis. Although animal experiments show good accumulation of bisphosphonates in bone. The agent has never been tried in humans because of high gamma and beta energy. The agent must first be tested in humans using a relatively safe radioisotope. Technitium-99m ( 99mTc) a radioisotope with relatively low gamma energy and short half-life can serve as a good label. Whether 99mTc-labeled bisphosphonates can be used as good imaging agents is another aspect that needs further investigation. A study was therefore, conducted to label m-trimethyl silylphenyl)-ethylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate with 99mTc and standardize the labeling procedure. The labeling procedure involved reduction of technetium (TcO4 - ) with stannous chloride followed by chelation of technetium with bisphosphonates. Radiochemical purity was checked by paper chromatography. Pyrogenicity was checked by administration of the labeled compound into rabbits. The stability of the compound was determined by noting the radiochemical binding at several intervals of half an hour after preparation. Biodistribution of the agent was studied by injecting the labeled compound into rabbits. The results showed that the compound could be labeled with 99mTc without any difficulty. The ease of binding was excellent. There was more than 95% binding of technetium with the compound and the labelled compound was reasonably stable for 5 hours after labeling. The rectal temperature remained stable during this period, which showed that the animal accepted the compound and there were no pyrogenic reactions. Biodistribution studies on rabbit showed that accumulation of agent was poor in bones and the labeled compound remains in blood even after 4 hours. Comparison of bone scans with those obtained with 99mTc-MDP and 99mTc-PYP showed that the compound can not compete with these bone agents as for as the quality of bone scans is concerned. Tc99m -MDP still remains the superior bone scanning agent. However, the retention of relatively higher quantities of radiopharmaceutical in blood for long period showed that the compound could serve as a good blood pool-imaging agent. Purification of HPLC (high pressure liquid chromatography) could also improve the distribution properties of the compound. This needs further studies.
MONSOON ONSET OVER SELECTED EASTERN BOUNDARY CITIES OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Faisal N. , Sadiq N.
Published: January 2025

Vagaries of monsoonal rainfall are the main cause of flooding in Pakistan which washed away standing crops in rural areas and damage the infrastructure of the cities. This study is an attempt to estimate, analyse and depict the monsoon onset characteristics over the eastern boundaries of Pakistan on the basis of available diurnal rainfall data for the period 1961-2010. For this aim pentad monsoonal rainfall calculation (in which total amount of rain should not be less than 20mm) with the condition of at least three days of rainfall employed. Early and delayed dates are also calculated for the said period of eight stations viz Lahore, Islamabad, Khanpur, Bahawalnagar, Rohri, Chhor, Sialkot and Bahawalpur. After standardizing the data, distance method is used to plot the contours. The results reveal mean dates of monsoon onset, ranges from the end of June (27th June) to start of August (1st August). As regards, delayed and earliest starting monsoon dates, it lying from 3rd of August to 17th of September and from 30th May to 25th of June respectively. It appears that delayed onset dates are rather scattered than the earliest ones. Findings of this paper may be helpful to the farmers, planners and forecasters of this discipline.
INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN SMART GRID: A REVIEW
Authors: Zafar S. , Nawaz K. , R. Naqvi S. A. , Malik T. N.
Published: January 2025

The increasing complexity of the existing power grid due to rapid population growth, development in technology, infrastructure and computational tools are the factors that contribute to the need of deployment of smart grid for secure and efficient use of electrical energy.The modernization of electric grids toward a smart grid is being carried out to improve reliability, facilitate integration of renewable energies, and improve power consumption management.Due to continuous depletion of primary fuel resources and global concern about the environmental pollution, the development of smart grids based on renewable energy resources has gained huge strategic significance now a days to resolve the energy crisis. However the intermittent and fluctuating nature of these sources makes the integration a difficult task that needs to be effectively addressed. Firstly this paper briefly discuss the emerging renewable energy resources (RERs) and Energy storage systems (EES).Secondly this work comprehensively reviews the potential challenges in integration of these sources in smart grid along with the applied control strategies for their facilitation and some practical case studies.
MONITORING AND QUANTIFICATION OF SOIL WATER CONTENT AND FLUXES IN DEEP LAYERS OF WHEAT CULTIVATED SOILS TO IMPROVE WATER USE EFFICIENCY
Authors: Iqbal N. , Iqbal T. , Ishaque W. , Rafiq M. , Fazil M. , Ghaffar A.
Published: January 2025

Calculation of irrigation scheduling (IS) and improvement of irrigated water use efficiency (WUE) requires precise measurement of soil water content and fluxes in the soil layers. Deep irrigation fluxes in agricultural field of wheat crop at the Nuclear Institute of Agriculture & Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan were monitored and quantified using radio and stable isotope techniques. The time variant soil moisture content data were also used to determine the fluxes by water balance technique. The fluxes determined by isotope and water balance technique were compared and found in good agreement. On the basis of the flux data, suggestions were made to improve the irrigation plan in accordance with crop water consumption and to reduce the water loss through deep percolation.
HIGH-LEVEL POWER OPTIMIZATION FOR ARRAY MULTIPLIERS
Authors: Durrani Y. A.
Published: January 2025

Multiplication is the basic operation in most arithmetic features in computing systems. Generally multiplier occupies large area, long delay and high power dissipation. Therefore, low power multiplier design has been an important part in very large scale integrated (VLSI) design. Power consumption is directly related to data switching patterns and it is difficult to consider high-level application-specific data characteristics in power optimization. In this paper, we present a feasible method of pipelined array multiplier and evaluated the results by the flexible estimation methods at register transfer level (RTL). The multiplier architecture is for low power and high speed applications. The experimental results indicate that the internal optimization using pipelined technique reduces the power consumption of the circuit considerably.
OPTICAL TAMM STATES AT INTERFACES OF DIFFERENT PERIODIC MEDIA CONTAINING SINGLE AND DOUBLE NEGATIVE MATERIAL LAYERS
Authors: Saeed Maryam , Ali Munnaza Z.
Published: January 2025

Optical Tamm States (OTS) are investigated at the interfaces of semi-infinite metal and finite one dimensional periodic structures. Three types of periodic structures are considered here. Initially a one dimensional structure of alternate regular material layers is considered. The other two structures consist of alternate left-handed material and regular material layers and alternate single negative layers. The transfer matrix approach is used to derive the dispersion relation for the TE mode Optical Tamm States (OTS). The dispersion relations is plotted in the photonic band gap frequency range and analyzed by changing the structure parameters.
APPLICATION OF EVOLVED EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS FOR THE SOLUTION OF DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF HYDROTHERMAL SCHEDULING â€“ A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW
Authors: Iqbal M. , Karim F. , Haroon S. , Ashraf M. , Ahmad I. , Nadeem T. , Ahmad A.
Published: January 2025

Hydrothermal Scheduling (HTS) presents highly complicated, non-linear and multi-constrained optimization problem. Usually very turbulent and non-convex search space is linked with Hydrothermal (HT) Scheduling problem. So rather a robust and powerful optimization tool is required to optimize this problem efficiently. In literature, so far, many powerful and robust optimization algorithms have been employed for the solution of HTS problem. Genetic Algorithm (GA) represents one of the most established while Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (BFA) represents one of the newest Evolutionary Algorithms. Both GA and BFA are being actively deployed to solve non convex optimization problems, where conventional approaches have rather failed to provide acceptable results. The aim of this research paper is to provide a comprehensive survey of literature related to both GA and BFA as effective optimization algorithms for the solution of various aspects of HTS problem. The outcomes alongwith both strengths and weaknesses of individual algorithms are also discussed.
EFFICIENT CLASSIFICATION USING MULTIPLE MENTAL THOUGHTS
Authors: Zafar A. , Ahmad M. I. , Ahmad M. I. , Hanif A. , Hanif A.
Published: January 2025

Researches in personal identification show that classification using multiple mental thoughts increases complexity and systemâ€™s processing time. In this paper, an efficient classification algorithm is proposed to classify an individual using multiple mental thoughts. Features from Electroencephalography (EEG), used as biometric, are extracted using sixth order Autoregressive (AR) model, and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) based classification is performed based on best mental thought combinations. MatlabÂ® simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm reduces the complexity as well as the processing time that confirms the use of EEG as a biometric for personal identification.
THUNDERSTORM PREDICTION THROUGH STABILITY INDICES FOR LAHORE, PESHAWAR AND KARACHI, PAKISTAN
Authors: Sadiq N.
Published: January 2025

An attempt is made here to develop a methodology to comprehend the forecast of thunderstorms through two important stability indices viz. George K Index and Total Totals Index for Lahore Peshawar and Karachi stations. The study is based on the analysis of 374 events during ten years (1996-2005). The findings infer mean values of K-Index as 35 and 25 for summer and winter, respectively, while threshold value of TT-Index comes out as 40 for the both seasons. The case study of July 30, 2006 is also incorporated for Karachi. The hypothesis and the most fitting ranges of different stability indices suggested in this research have yet to be testified and confirmed before the same can be used as one of the forecasting tools. This study will probably help the operational to make use of various stability indices and is expected to improve the weather forecast as this will be in addition to the convectional forecasting techniques now being used in Pakistan.