bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radical Reduction of Aircraft Fuel Consumption by Optimizing Aerofoil by New Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Muller Jan
Published: June 2021

This work deals with aerofoil aerodynamic features optimization, not only to improve flight features, but also to improve economy, ecology and safety of parameters of flight technique.

In cruise mission, occupying the most flight time, the most important parameter is aerodynamic drag, which directly influences the aeroplane operational economy of transportation. Drag reduction is adequately reflected in the fuel consumption reduction. Consumption reduction is also adequately reflected in the flight ecology. In take-off and landing mission, the safety is priority and directly influences the aerofoil geometry.

For cruise mission the new modified evolutionary algorithms (EA) are used to parameters incoming to Bezier-PARSEC 3434 parametrization. Such aerofoil is processed and evaluated by the Xfoil program. The change of model parameters results to optimal aerofoil shape.

The DCAG (Direct Control Aerofoil Geometry) is unique developed mechanical device, makes possible the change of curvature of aerofoil, and also aerofoil geometry. DCAG is based on the rotary principle, which makes it possible to define the curvature of aerofoil for every roll as well as defining the geometry in the variable parts of aerofoil.

For take-off and landing mission the best combination of slots and flaps is choosed. To improve of laminarity and reduce turbulent flow the DCAG is used.

The work results to optimization, which is 50 times faster in comparison to ordinary optimization, with minimum of input parameters (flight speed, chord length, range of angles of attack and fitness function).

The optimized aerofoil can achieve savings in fuel consumption up to 44% in comparison with unoptimized aerofoil, the aerodynamic drag reduction up to 44%.

The output was checked by ANSYS Fluent simulation.
Overview of Gulf of Mottama Wetland (GoMW) & Size Distribution and Economic Status of Sea Bass in Myanmar
Authors: Marnn Phyoe , He Chunguang , Ali Haider , Tun Soe Moe , Wynn Khin Swe , Moe Nyein Nyein , Yang Tao , Claude Nizeyimana Jean , Hasnain Muhammad , Oo Thaw Tar , Al-Masnay Yousef A.
Published: June 2021

The present study was conducted the status of sea bass from Kokko and Kyuntone of The Gulf of Motttama Wetland (GoMW) area in Thanatpin Township in Bago Region Myanmar from September 2019 to August 2020. Fifty specimens were monthly collected, measured and weighed. Invoices of sea bass were collected for the depot and fish sellers by monthly. In Kokko, mean value of standard length and body weight were highest in March (32.70±1.58, 660.7±112.23). The mean value of standard length was peak in January (31.39±7.16) but peak of body weight was in March (963.24±280.86) in Kyuntone villages. The lowest mean value of standard length and body weight were found in June at both study areas. According to the invoice data revealed that monthly catch weight of sea bass is most abundance in October (829.92) kg in Kokko, (339.12) kg in Kyuntone. Based on price of relations to size group, small size C < 300g (41%) was mostly abundance in Kokko and in Kyuntone small size C < 300g (35%) was second abundance. Specimens were not landed in April and May. In June, young specimens were very rarely seen in both study sites. The important roles of wetland fishes, the economic valuation of GOMW in Myanmar and samples of fishing gear and value chain of sea bass in Myanmar was expressed in this study.
Role of N501Y Mutation in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Structure
Authors: Roy Urmi
Published: June 2021

It has been more than a year since the first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was found. This coronavirus has infected more than 110 million people worldwide by the end of February, 2021, and several virulent as well as more spreadable mutant forms of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged subsequently. In the latter group, three variants B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P1 lineages, have been reported. Using computer simulation, the present paper investigates the structural differences between the wild type SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its Asn501Tyr (N501Y) mutant variant. Time-based structural changes between the receptor binding domains of these two species are also examined. The N501Y mutation is common to all the three aforesaid mutant variants.
Do Mouthwashes Reduce Covid-19 Viral Load during Dental Procedures and Oropharyngeal Examinations? A Systematic Review
Authors: Z. Mohebbi Simin , Ebrahimi Tayebe , Shamshiri Ahmad Reza
Published: June 2021

There is a relatively high risk of virus transmission in dental procedures and oropharyngeal examinations. We investigated the effects of mouthwashes on covid-19 viral load reduction during dental practices and oro-pharyngeal assessments. We performed a systematic search in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library for relevant studies up to February 2021. Papers evaluating patients with covid-19 infection (patients) who rinse mouthwashes (intervention) compared to patients who don’t rinse them (comparison) for reducing covid-19 viral load or reducing cross-infection of covid-19 (outcome) in the randomized and non-randomized clinical trial and quasi-experimental studies (study) were included due to PICOS question. Three independent authors conducted literature screening and data extraction. We extracted the most relevant data and we evaluated the risk of bias from the included studies. Out of 344 potentially eligible articles, six studies were included in this systematic review. Regarding viral load and negative cycle threshold (ct) values, 1% PVP_I and Listerine mouthwash were effective. 0.12% CHX mouthwash was effective 0-2 hours post rinsing, but it was not effective after 2 hours. A mixture solution of 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate and 6% Hydrogen peroxide was effective on day 5 of intervention. Gargling 1% hydrogen peroxide, 0.075% Cetylpiridinum Chloride (CPC), 0.5%PVP-I and 0.2% CHX mouthwashes was not effective on SARS-COV-2. It cannot be guaranteed that rinsing a specific kind of mouthwash prevents cross-infection of covid-19; however, the viral load of SARS-COV-2 in saliva will be decreased after rinsing mouthwashes containing 1%PVP-I and Listerine.
miR-483-3p promotes IL-33 production from fibroblast-like synoviocytes by regulating ERK signaling in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Zhang Kailin , Fu Wenyi , Zhao Shuai , Jiao Ting , Wu Dan , Wang Yuejiao
Published: June 2021

Our previous identified miR-483-3p to be highly expressed in synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, its effects on inflammation of RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) have remained unclear. The expression of miR-483-3p and cytokines in RA FLSs was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent was conducted to determine interleukin (IL)-33 production from RA FLSs. Western blotting was employed to quantify the levels of p-ERK and total ERK. Overexpressed miR-483-3p significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of IL-33, but not of IL-27 or IL-34, in RA FLSs, whereas miR-483-3p suppression showed the opposite effects. Furthermore, miR-483-3p upregulation activated the ERK signaling pathway. The ERK signaling inhibitor PD98059 partly reversed the elevation of IL-33 levels mediated by miR-483-3p overexpression. Our results reveal that miR-483-3p promotes IL-33 expression by regulating the ERK signaling pathway in RA FLSs. Thus, miR-483-3p may be a potential effective target for RA treatment.
A distorted copula-based evolution model: Risks’ aggregation in a Bonus-Malus migration system
Authors: Bernardi Enrico , Romagnoli Silvia
Published: June 2021

In this paper we put forward a new model to compute the loss distri- bution of an automobile insurance company’s portfolio evolving by a bonus-malus system. We allow for a continuous evolution of the demographic-economic system based on a migration’s rule which is refreshed in discrete time, i.e. at the monitor- ing times . Therefore the migration’s probabilities are discretely updated through a technique based on the combinatorial distributions of claims’ arrival in the rat- ing classes. This technique is hierarchical copula-based, a natural tool permitting us to represent the co-movement between claims’ arrivals, and distorted due to the formalization of an arrival policy of claims, that restricts the set of combi- natorial distributions to those representing the most probable scenarios, therefore distorting the loss function. At every monitoring date the copula-based model com- putes the migration’s probabilities and the loss function which accommodates for a discrete-time dynamic of the claims’ reserving and the capital requirements. As an empirical application, we study the problem of evaluating the claims’ reserving and the capital requirements for different kinds of hierarchies, based on real data originating with the General Insurance Association of Singapore.
Removal of perchlorate by a lab-scale constructed wetland using achira (Canna indica L.)
Authors: Li Dongqin , Gao Haishuo , Du Xinyu , Qin Junhao , Li Huashou , He Hongzhi , Chen Guikui
Published: June 2021

Achira (Canna indica L.) has not yet been tested for its potential in removing perchlorate (ClO4−) from wastewater. In this study, constructed wetlands with and without achira were used to investigate the removal efficiency and removal mechanism of perchlorate. The results showed that more ClO4− was removed by the wetlands with achira relative to those without. Perchlorate removal in the wetlands without achira decreased with time, whereas perchlorate in the wetlands with achira was stably removed. In terms of ClO4− content, the achira tissues were in the descending order of: leaf > aerial stem > flower or rhizome > root. Perchlorate was concentrated in leaves (more than 55.8%) rather than in root (less than 0.67%). Mass balance calculation showed that plant uptake accounted for 5.81–7.34% of initial ClO4− input, while microbial degradation accounted for 29.39–62.48%. The wetlands with achira were favorable for soil microorganism growth and proliferation and in turn ClO4− biodegradation. Furthermore, the effluent pH increased in achira wetland columns and in turn promoting ClO4− removal. The results indicating that the wetlands with achira promote ClO4− removal by improving the rhizosphere environment.
Utilization of spatial interpolation technique to compare metal accumulation pattern by lichens in plain and mountainous regions of North Central India
Authors: Bajpai Rajesh , Shukla Vertika , Singh C P , Raju Ashwani , Upreti D K
Published: June 2021

Based on the physicochemical characteristics, metals emitted from the source (both natural and anthropogenic) contributes towards spatial continuity at regional scale. Apart from intrinsic properties of metals, meteorological conditions and topography of the region is also known to contribute towards the spatial continuity. In the present study comparative spatial assessment of twelve metals in lichen Phaeophyscia hispidula collected from mountains and plains of north western India was carried out with the help of indicator kriging method. In plains and mountains the total metal concentration varies between 25.38–429.24 µgg− 1 and 22.77- 506.95 µgg− 1 dry weight respectively. Geospatial mapping provided insight into the spatial behavior of different metals in plain and mountain regions. In plains, Cr, Cd, Cu and Pb had higher concentration having higher coverage area, while metals like Cd and Hg had highest localized distribution indicating point sources. Observations indicated that apart from local sources, meteorological conditions specially wind direction also plays important role in spatial behavior of the metals, which has been verified by the bioaccumulation pattern of metals in lichen samples from mountainous region. Among which three mountainous states of North Western India, Uttarakhand has higher concentration of metals which may be attributed to the wind direction together with local anthropogenic sources.
Human Capital Heterogeneous and Growth of Green Total Factors Productive
Authors: you jialu , xiao hang
Published: June 2021

Human capital improves the efficiency of GTFP has been established in research fields, but the heterogeneous effects of human capital on GTFP and its sustainable mechanisms are unclear. This study aims to examine the effects of human capital accumulation, education fiscal, and innovation on GTFP efficiency under diversity between spatial and temporal. Employing panel data from 30 provinces from 2001 to 2018 in China, We analyzed the dynamic and static efficiency of GTFP at different regions by three-stage DEA. We explored the heterogeneous effects of human capital on GTFP through Tobit regression. Results show that the average value of GTFP efficiency is inverted U-shape and having a significant geography difference. Then, human capital accumulation and education fiscal have positive effects on the GTFP efficiency; however, innovation negatively affects GTFP efficiency. At the same time, marketization growth decreases human capital and education positive influence on the GTFP efficiency. However, this effect was not seen on the innovation—the implication of these results concerning the human capital heterogeneous effects of GTFP efficiency in a different geography. Establishing a fair and transparent system is an available choice to reduce the endowments gap and effectively promote GTFP efficiency in developing countries.
Does Blastocyst Morphology Influence Live Birth Rate After Single Euploid Embryo Transfer?
Authors: Li Na , Guan Yichun , Ren Bingnan , Zhang Yuchao , Du Yulin , Kong Hongjiao , Lou Hua
Published: June 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the morphologic parameters of euploid blastocyst influence the live birth rate (LBR) following single frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles?Methods: Women who undergone first preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) and following received single FET cycles from June 2017 to September 2019 were divided into three age groups (<30, 30-34 and ≥35 years). The primary outcome measure was LBR. Outcomes were compared to determine the association among different blastocyst quality (Good, Average and Poor), inner cell mass (ICM) grade (A and B), and trophectoderm (TE) grade (A, B and C) and LBR.Results: In the youngest group (<30 years, n=86), LBR were compared between cycles with various blastocyst quality (72.22% for good quality, 54.55% for average quality and 34.78% for poor quality; P=0.019), ICM grade (70.59% for grade A and 42.03% for grade B; P=0.035) and TE grade (85.71% for grade A,57.58% for grade B and 34.78% for grade C; P=0.015). Similarly, in the 30-34 years group, LBR ranged from 50.00% for good quality to 45.45% for poor quality (P=0.870), from 35.29% for ICM grade A to 51.22% for ICM grade B (P=0.291), from 60.00% for TE grade A to 45.45% for TE grade C (P=0.634). Likewise, in the oldest group (≥35years, n=47), LBR were also comparable between these subgroups, but no significant differences were seen between blastocyst morphologic parameters and LBR (P>0.05). Conclusion: LBR was associated with morphologic parameters of euploid blastocysts, especially in women <30 years old. However, these differences were not found in women older than 30 years.
Estimating Combined Health Risks of Nanomaterials and Antibiotics From Natural Water: a Proposed Framework
Authors: Kumari Minashree , Kumar Arun
Published: June 2021

Nanoparticles are the major class of emerging contaminant detected at relatively high concentrations in aquatic environment. They are likely to co-exist with other chemical pollutants such as antibiotics in natural water systems. There are chances that if they are taken up orally, might pose adverse effects to human health. To address this issue, a risk framework is developed to study the combined exposure of nanoparticles and antibiotics in natural waters for the first time. The framework was applied to a hypothetical exposure of nanoparticles (CuO, ZnO, Fe3O4 and TiO2) and antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, CIP; ofloxacin, OFX; norfloxacin, NOR; levofloxacin, LEVO) to estimate human risks in a six-step approach for two different exposure scenarios i.e. availability adsorption isotherm data and vice versa. Risk was also estimated for the released fragments of antibiotics, nanoparticles and metal ions in the human digestive system. Mixture toxicity risk assessment was conducted for pairs (i) antibiotics and metal ions, (ii) antibiotics and nanoparticles, and (iii) nanoparticles and metals ions. Though the estimated risk values were observed to be less than 1 (both hazard quotients and hazard interactions less than 1) for all the conditions and assumptions made but it requires through monitoring of the studied contaminants in water to protect humans from their adverse effects, if any. Maximum allowable concentrations at which no risk occurs to humans was found to be (maximum values): antibiotics (233.8 µg/L, NOR); metal ions (1.02 × 109 mg/L, Ti2+ ions), and nanoparticles (6.68 × 105 mg/L, TiO2), respectively.
A short course of prednisolone in patients with moderate Covid 19 respiratory failure- stop the progression a case series.
Authors: Ventour Dale , Sieunarine Rheana , Gopaul Chavin
Published: June 2021

Introduction This case series outlines the results of using prednisolone in patients with moderated respiratory failure secondary to Covid 19 pneumonitis to prevent the progression to invasive ventilation. There is no consensus on the use of prednisolone in Moderate Covid respiratory failure early in the pandemic this should be an additional option where Dexamethasone is not available. Consent was obtained by the patients for anonymous publication of their data.Clinical Findings The author provides evidence of four (4) Covid 19 positive cases admitted to the High dependency Unit with moderate respiratory failure, defined as needing supplementary oxygen therapy to maintain saturations above 90%, who when treated with prednisolone rapidly decreased their oxygen requirement and were successfully weaned to room air within 72 hours of initiation of steroids.Diagnosis Four (4) patients admitted to the High Dependency Unit diagnosed with moderate respiratory failure secondary to PCR positive Covid 19.Intervention Covid 19 positive patients requiring oxygen therapy to maintain saturations above 90% were given a trial of oral prednisolone between 15-30mg until they were weaned to room air maintaining saturations >95%.Outcome Rapid resolution of worsening respiratory function of Covid 19 positive patients within the High Dependency unit in a tertiary medical center. The signs and symptoms of respiratory failure resolved after 72 hours of prednisolone treatment and none of these patients were escalated to non-invasive or invasive respiratory support. The patients were kept for a further 48 hours after the steroids were discontinued to monitor for relapse of symptoms which none of them had.Conclusion Initiation of a prednisolone steroid trial must be considered in Covid 19 positive patients needing supplementary oxygen therapy or developing worsening shortness of breath. Early Covid respiratory failure responds to a low dose for a short duration and prevents escalation to non-invasive/invasive respiratory support.
Male Patients With Papillary Thyroid Cancer Have a Higher Risk of Extranodal Extension
Authors: Hei Hu , Zhou Bin , Gong Wenbo , Zheng Chen , Qin Jianwu
Published: June 2021

Purpose: There is a sex disparity in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Male sex is associated with a higher likelihood of advanced stage disease. This study aimed to examine the significance of sex for extranodal extension (ENE) in PTC. Patients and Methods: We reviewed the data of PTC patients who had undergone initial surgical resection from July 2012 to December 2014 (N = 1531). The effects of sex and other clinicopathological factors on ENE were investigated.Results: Of 1531 patients identified, 377 (24.6%) were male, 816 (53.3%) had positive nodes, and 256 (16.7%) had ENE. Compared with female patients, male patients had a higher risk of ENE (P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis of clinicopathological factors revealed that male sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37 - 2.87; P < 0.001), age older than 60 years (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.08 - 3.35; P = 0.023), extrathyroidal extension (OR, 3.52; 95% CI, 2.42 - 5.14; P < 0.001), bilateral multifocality (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.53 - 3.13; P < 0.001), and more positive nodes were significantly associated with increased risk of ENE. Patients with 6-10 positive nodes were 16.45-fold higher to have ENE than patients with 5 positive nodes or less (95% CI, 11.07 - 24.68; P < 0.001).Conclusion: Male PTC patients had a higher risk of ENE than female. Sex was an independent predictor of ENE. The underlying mechanism needs to be investigated further.
Squeeze and Freeze, A Periodic Consecutive Oocyte Retrieval Method for Poor Ovarian Responders, Increases The Chance of Childbearing
Authors: Murata Yasutaka , Oda Fumika , Shirai Miki , Sato Nanako , Sugita Atsuko , Murata Tomoko
Published: June 2021

Purpose
To assess if consecutive oocyte retrieval (OR) of more than three times could be an effective method to obtain competent embryos becoming babies.
Methods
To maximize the chances of pregnancy for refractory infertile women, we designed a new treatment course, “Squeeze and freeze.” In this method, ovarian stimulation was initiated whenever the antral follicle was visible using ultrasound, regardless of the menstrual cycle stage for 3 months, aiming to retrieve all possible oocytes and collecting the maximum number of competent embryos for subsequent transfer. Eighty-eight patients underwent 101 treatment courses, in which retrievals at an average of 4.8 times were performed for 3 months. The clinical results and obstetric outcomes were retrospectively reviewed.
Results
The ratio of matured oocytes, 2PN embryos, available embryos, fair blastocysts per oocyte, and number of available embryos or fair blastocysts per retrieval did not differ between the two initial and later attempts. Similarly, no significant differences were observed in these parameters between the follicular- and luteal-phase retrievals. After subsequent embryo transfer, 62 patients achieved clinical pregnancy, 49 had an ongoing pregnancy, 47 delivered healthy babies, and 8 conceived a second baby.
Conclusion
Periodic consecutive OR is an efficient infertility treatment for refractory women. In this method, as many oocytes as possible are obtained from a patient in a limited period at the earliest stage of their life. More than three consecutive ORs, including luteal-phase ORs, could obtain competent embryos efficiently, increasing the chances of childbearing.
Epidemiology Of Proximal And Diaphyseal Humeral Fractures In Children: An Observational Study From The Swedish Fracture Register
Authors: Jacobsen Sarah Daag , Marsell Richard , Wolf Olof , Hailer Yasmin D.
Published: June 2021

Background: Most fractures in children are fractures of the upper extremity. Proximal and diaphyseal humeral fractures account for a minority of these fractures. To our knowledge, few previous reports address these fractures. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and current treatment of proximal and diaphyseal humeral fractures by using the Swedish Fracture Register (SFR). Methods: In this nationwide observational study from the SFR we analysed data on patient characteristics, injury mechanism, fracture classification and treatment. We included patients aged <16 years at time of injury with proximal or diaphyseal humeral fracture registered in 2015-2019.Results: 1996 (1696 proximal and 300 diaphyseal) fractures were registered. Proximal fractures were more frequent in girls whereas diaphyseal fractures were more frequent in boys. The median age at fracture was 10 years in both fracture types but patient’s age was more widespread in diaphyseal fracture (IQR 5-13 compared to IQR 7-12 in proximal). In both sexes, the most registered injury mechanism was fall. Horse-riding was a common mechanism of injury in girls, whereas ice-skating and skiing were common mechanisms in boys. The majority of fractures were treated non-surgically (92% of proximal and 80% of diaphyseal fractures). The treatment method was not associated with the patient’s sex. Surgery was more often performed in adolescents. The most common surgical methods were K-wire and cerclage fixation in proximal fracture and intramedullary nailing in diaphyseal fracture.Conclusion: Following falls, we found sex-specific sport activities to cause most proximal and diaphyseal paediatric fractures. Further studies on prophylactic efforts in these activities are needed to investigate whether these fractures are preventable. The majority of the fractures were treated non-surgically, although surgical treatment increased with increasing age in both sexes.
Immune Landscape of Advanced Gastric Cancer Tumor Microenvironment Identifies Immunotherapeutic Relevant Gene Signature
Authors: Zhang Simeng , Lv Mengzhu , Cheng Yu , Wang Shuo , Li Ce , Qu Xiujuan
Published: June 2021

Background: Advanced gastric cancer (AGC) is a disease with poor prognosis due to the current lack of effective therapeutic strategies. Immune checkpoint blockade treatments have shown effective responses in patient subgroups but biomarkers remain challenging. Traditional classification of gastric cancer (GC) is based on genomic profiling and molecular features. Therefore, it is critical to identify the immune-related subtypes and predictive markers by immuno-genomic profiling. Methods: Single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and ESTIMATE algorithm were used to identify the immue-related subtypes of AGC in two independent GEO datasets. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) algorithm were applied to identify hub-network of immune-related subtypes. Hub genes were confirmed by prognostic data of KMplotter and GEO datasets. MTT assay, Transwell migration assay and Western blotting were performed to confirm the cellular function of hub gene in vitro. Results: Three immune-related subtypes (Immunity_H, Immunity_M and Immunity_L) of AGC were identified in two independent GEO datasets. Compared to Immunity_L, the Immuntiy_H subtype showed higher immune cell infiltration and immune activities with favorable prognosis. A weighted gene co-expression network was constructed based on GSE62254 dataset and identified one gene module which was significantly correlated with the Immunity_H subtype. A Hub-network which represented high immune activities was extracted based on topological features and Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) algorithm. Furthermore, ADAM like decysin 1 (ADAMDEC1) was identified as a seed gene among hub-network genes which is highly associated with favorable prognosis in both GSE62254 and external validation datasets. In vitro, ADAMDEC1 was confirmed as a potential protein in regulating proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cell. Deficiency of ADAMDEC1 of gastric cancer cell also associated with high expression of PD-L1 and Jurkat T cell apoptosis. Conclusions: We identified immune-related subtypes and key tumor microenvironment marker in AGC which might facilitate the development of novel immune therapeutic targets.
Study of Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Basic Violet 3 Dye in Polar Protic and Aprotic Solvents
Authors: s jeyaram
Published: June 2021

The present work aims to study of third-order nonlinear optical (TONLO) behavior of basic violet 3 dye dissolved in polar protic and aprotic solvents, namely, ethanol, 1-propanol, acet0one and dimethyl sulfonate (DMSO), respectively. The polarity of the solvent used to have a substantial impact on the linear and TONLO properties of the dye sample. The dye exhibit self-defocusing nonlinearity due to thermally induced nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficient reveals the character of both saturable and reverse saturable absorption (RSA). The order of magnitude of nonlinear refractive index (n2) and nonlinear coefficient of absorption (β) of dye sample was determined to be 10–7 cm2/W and 10–3 cm/W, respectively. The real and imaginary factors of the TONLO susceptibility of basic violet 3 dye were measured to be the power of 10–5 esu. The results are revealed that the possibility of utilizing the dye sample in various photonics and optoelectronics applications.
The Association Between Plasma Fatty Acid and Cognitive Function Mediated by Inflammation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Shen Jingyi , Li Kaifeng , Yu Huiyan , Ding Bingjie , Xiao Rong , Ma Weiwei
Published: June 2021

Background

High fat diet may lead to systematic inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes, which eventually result in neuronal damage and cognitive decline. However, there is a paucity of study examined whether inflammation mediated the association between diet fatty acids and cognitive function in type 2 patients with diabetes.
Methods

We evaluated the cognitive function of 372 Chinese patients with diabetes, using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and the montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA). Plasma fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography analysis. Inflammatory cytokines were determined by immune turbidimetric analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data was analyzed using multiple linear regression based on R program and mediation model was established by Mplus.
Results

In our study, we found the increasing of BMI may lead to cognitive impairment and induce inflammatory response. We also found higher SFAs levels in plasma were linked to cognitive decline, while higher MUFAs intake might be a protective factor for cognitive function. In addition, most PUFAs levels stood out as having increasing trends that were positively correlated to cognitive function scores, but n-6 PUFAs gave opposite results. In our study, we found higher SFAs led to higher proinflammatory factor levels. Apart from that, MUFAs, SCD-16 and SCD-18 were positively related to hs-CRP. Interestingly, we found PUFAs were negatively related to IL-10. Meanwhile, this result also indicated that C18:0 might reduce MoCA language skills scores by regulating plasma IL-10 levels.
Conclusions

Plasma fatty acids could improve or damage cognitive function by regulating IL-10, which suggested that plasma fatty acids can be evaluated as a potential indicator of cognitive function decline in 2 type diabetes.
Pediatric Tizanidine Toxicity Reversed with Naloxone a case report
Authors: emad doaa emad , adam ahmad , shaban mohamed , alyahya bader
Published: June 2021

BackgroundTizanidine, an α-2 adrenoreceptor agonist, is widely prescribed for the management of spasticity in adults. Case reports for pediatric tizanidine overdose are limited. Here, we report a case of pediatric tizanidine toxicity that was reversed with naloxone.Case presentationA three year-old male presented to the emergency department with lethargy, bradycardia, and bradypnea after accidental ingestion of multiple tizanidine tablets. Improvements in the level of consciousness, respiratory and heart rates were observed post intravenous naloxone administration of 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg respectively.Conclusions﻿This case report provides additional epidemiologic data on childhood tizanidine poisoning and further documentation on the use of naloxone as a viable antidote for centrally acting α-2 receptor agonists.
Study on the Influence Law of Forming Quality of Clinched Joint for Dissimilar Metal Sheet
Authors: Li Qihan , Xu Chuanwei , Gao Song , Han Xiaoheng , Ma Fenglei , Gu Dongwei , Zhao Qingming
Published: June 2021

The clinched process of heterogeneous materials is more and more used in automobile, aerospace, and household appliances manufacturing. Traditional spot welding is easy to produce heat influence and damage material itself, which restricts the application and development for the hybrid structure of the vehicle body. This paper is based on the test of clinching. The cross-section morphology of clinched joints is observed. Based on the tensile test data and the requirements of the test die, the finite element model of the steel-aluminum clinched joint forming is established. The model is proved to be effective in the process of clinched forming. Based on the simulation model, the influence of process parameters (forming process parameters, Punch’s geometry parameters, and concave die structural parameters) on the forming quality of steel- aluminum clinched joint is analyzed. The evaluation of the joint after forming includes the critical dimension, deformation, and neck-lock ratio. Then, the strength of the steel-aluminum clinched joint was studied by tensile shear test. The law of strength change and the neck-lock ratio is analyzed. The selection strategy of different process parameters is studied. The results show that the forming process of the joint is predicted by numerical simulation, and the quality of the joint is sound. The neck-lock ratio of the joint with the highest tensile and shear strength is less than one and close to 1, that is, the joint with forming force of 40kN. The tensile strength and shear strength of clinched joint are higher than the design index (shear strength is 1700N, tensile strength is 700N). The tensile strength was increased by 125%, and the shear strength was 62.35%.
A Comprehensive In Silico Perspective For Discovery of Novel Inhibitory Candidates Targeting Versatile Transcriptional Repressor MBD2
Authors: Çalışkaner Zihni Onur
Published: June 2021

DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism in various biological events such as development, cellular differentiation, cancer progression, aging, and iPSC reprogramming. Crosstalk between DNA methylation and regulation in gene expression is employed through MBD2, known as reader of DNA methylation and suggested as a drug target. Despite its magnitude of significance and rationale of nomination, scarcely limited number of druggable ligands has been detected so far. Hence, we screened a comprehensive compound library and then certain of them were subjected to computational docking analysis by targeting methylated DNA-binding domain of human MBD2. We could detect reasonable binding energies and docking residues presumably located in druggable pockets. Docking results were also validated via MD simulation and per-residue energy decomposition calculation. Drug-likeness of tested ligands was assessed through ADMET prediction in order to foresee off-target side effects for future studies. Herein, on the basis of collaborating approaches such as molecular docking, MD simulation, energy decomposition and ADMET prediction, notably two compounds named CID3100583 and 8,8-Ethylenebistheophylline, have become prominent as novel candidates, possibly disrupting MBD2MBD–DNA interaction. Hereby, these compounds exhibit a promising usage potential in a wide range of implementation from cancer treatment to somatic cell reprogramming protocols.
Metabolic Abnormalities Rather Than BMI, Associated With Increased Risk of Recurrent Stroke in Chinese Hospitalized Stroke Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Huang Xiaolin , Zhou Jiaojiao , Zhang Hong , Gao Pei , Wang Long , Yang Yuting , Jiang Xiaohong , Chen Lu , Hua Fei
Published: June 2021

Background

Metabolic abnormalities and body mass index (BMI) are known as apparent risk factors of recurrent stroke, but which one is more likely related to recurrent stroke remains uncertain. This study aimed to compare the metabolic phenotypes and BMI as indicators of recurrent stroke in Chinese hospitalized stroke patients.
Methods

In this retrospective population-based study, 856 hospitalized stroke patients from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were enrolled. Recurrent stroke was defined as newly-onset stroke patients with a history of previous stroke. Metabolic phenotypes were categorized based on Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. BMI ≥ 25kg/m2 was defined as obesity.
Results

Among the hospitalized stroke patients, the prevalence of recurrent stroke was 21.9%. Metabolic abnormalities rather than BMI were significantly associated with recurrent stroke. Compared with metabolically healthy patients, metabolically unhealthy ones had 72% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–2.68) increased risk of recurrent stroke, regardless of BMI and other confounding factors. Whereas, no statistical association between BMI and recurrent stroke were found. Metabolic status significantly improved risk prediction of recurrent stroke when adding to the conventional-risk-factor model (net reclassification index 17.6%, P = 0.0047; integrated discrimination improvement 0.7%, P = 0.014), while BMI did not.
Conclusions

Recurrent stroke is likely associated with metabolic abnormalities rather than with BMI. For the secondary prevention of stroke, controlling metabolic abnormalities is a more crucial method then BMI controlling in stroke patients.
Molecular Characterization of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSv) Isolated From Slaughtered Pigs in Northern Uganda
Authors: Oba Peter , Dione Michel M. , Erume Joseph , Wieland Barbara , Mutisya Christine , Ochieng Linnet , Cook Elizabeth A. J. , Mwiine Frank N.
Published: June 2021

Background

A cross sectional study was conducted to determine genotypes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) isolated from slaughtered pigs in Lira district, northern Uganda. The study was conducted from March to September 2019 in three selected slaughter slabs. Pigs brought for slaughter were randomly sampled. At necropsy, lungs were extracted from the thoracic cavity and examined for pneumonic lesions. Seventy-three (73) pigs with gross lung lesions were sampled, from which one hundred and one (101) tissue samples were taken. A real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to characterize PRRSv genotypes.
Results

A total of 20 samples tested positive for PRRSv. The respective prevalence of PRRSv type 1 and type 2 were 24.65% (n = 18) and 2.73% (n = 2) respectively. Of the pigs sampled (n = 73), only two pigs, 2.73% (n = 2) tested positive to both strains. The likelihood of PRRSv detection decreased with pig age, but increased with gross pneumonic pathology.
Conclusions

This study demonstrated dual circulation of both genotypes in northern Uganda. The association between PRRSv and lung pathology suggests that it may be an important cause of lung disease in pigs in Uganda and hence loss of production. This calls for further investigations on potential economic impacts of PRRSv on pig productivity. These findings contribute to discussions about the need of surveillance and possible vaccination strategies against PRRSv in Uganda.
Disclosure of Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid-responsive Genes Provides a Molecular Tool for Deciphering Stress Responses in Soybean
Authors: Beyer Sebastian F. , Bel Paloma Sánchez , Flors Victor , Schutheiss Holger , Conrath Uwe , Langenbach Caspar J.G.
Published: June 2021

Hormones orchestrate the physiology of organisms. Measuring the activity of defense hormone-responsive genes can help understanding immune signaling and facilitate breeding for plant health. However, different from model species like Arabidopsis, genes that respond to defense hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) have not been disclosed in the soybean crop. We performed global transcriptome analyses to fill this knowledge gap. Upon exogenous application, endogenous levels of SA and JA increased in leaves. SA predominantly activated genes linked to systemic acquired resistance and defense signaling whereas JA mainly activated wound response-associated genes. In general, SA-responsive genes were activated earlier than those responding to JA. Consistent with the paradigm of biotrophic pathogens predominantly activating SA responses, free SA and here identified most robust SA marker genes GmNIMIN1, GmNIMIN1.2 and GmWRK40 were induced upon inoculation with Phakopsora pachyrhizi, whereas JA marker genes did not respond to infection with the biotrophic fungus. Spodoptera exigua larvae caused a strong accumulation of JA-Ile and JA-specific mRNA transcripts of GmBPI1, GmKTI1 and GmAAT whereas neither free SA nor SA-marker gene transcripts accumulated upon insect feeding. Our study provides molecular tools for monitoring the dynamic accumulation of SA and JA, e.g. in a given stress condition.
Risk Factors Associated With the Presence of Mycobacterium Bovis in Macroscopic Lesions Suspected as Being Caused by Bovine Tuberculosis Detected in Slaughterhouses
Authors: Barcelos Flávio Gomes , Anjos Tais Ramalho dos , Alencar Leila Auxiliadora de Arruda , de Freitas Maria Júlia Sudária , Espinosa Mariano Martinez , Carvalho Ricardo Cesar Tavares , Figueiredo Eduardo Eustáquio de Souza
Published: June 2021

Mycobacterium bovis is a bacterium belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex that causes tuberculosis in cattle and in other domestic and wild animals, as well as in humans. Disease control measures are carried out by slaughtering animals tested positive in the intradermal tuberculinization test and sanitation of their original living spaces, in addition to epidemiological surveillance carried out through the sanitary inspection of bovine carcasses in slaughterhouses. In the latter, official inspection services collect samples from macroscopic lesions suspected of bovine tuberculosis, which are then sent for laboratory analysis. Knowledge concerning the variables associated with the occurrence of M. bovis can aid in decision-making regarding control and disease eradication efforts. In this context, the aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for a positive M. bovis diagnosis in suspected bovine tuberculosis lesions obtained during epidemiological surveillance activities in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. A total of 105 suspicious lesions were analyzed using the Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nested q-PCR) method, of which 14 (13.33%) tested positive for M. bovis. Univariate and bivariate statistical analyses indicated that the variable “animal slaughter” was the only risk factor presenting statistical significance associated with the diagnosis of M. bovis (p < 0.05), demonstrating that macroscopic lesions suspected as being caused by bovine tuberculosis from animals with an in vivo diagnosis were 2.82 - fold more likely to result in a positive M. bovis diagnosis by molecular tests.
Homelessness during COVID-19: Challenges, Responses, and Lessons Learned from Homeless Service Providers in Tippecanoe County, Indiana
Authors: Rodriguez Natalia M. , Lahey Alexa M. , MacNeill Justin J. , Martinez Rebecca G. , Teo Nina E. , Ruiz Yumary
Published: June 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic laid bare some of the United States’ most devastating health and social inequities faced by people experiencing homelessness. Homeless populations experience disproportionate rates of underlying health conditions, stigma and marginalization that often disenfranchise them from health and social services, and living conditions that potentiate the risk of COVID-19 transmission and adverse outcomes. Methods: Guided by the socio-ecological model, this community-based participatory research study examined the impacts of the COVID-19 public health crisis on people experiencing homelessness in Tippecanoe County, Indiana, and the ways in which homeless service providers prepared for, experienced, and responded to the pandemic. Eighteen (18) semi-structured interviews were conducted with representatives of 15 community-based organizations, including shelters and other homeless service providers.Results: Qualitative content analysis revealed multilevel challenges and responses to COVID-19 impact mitigation in this community, including the implementation of diverse safety measures, policies and novel service delivery innovations.Conclusions: Community-based organizations, including homeless shelters, are uniquely qualified to inform pandemic response and disaster risk mitigation in order to respond appropriately to the specific needs of people experiencing homelessness. Many of the emergency measures put in place by homeless service providers in Tippecanoe County, Indiana created opportunities for innovative solutions to longstanding challenges faced by homeless populations that can inform better service delivery moving forward, long after the COVID-19 pandemic. The lessons learned and shared by homeless service providers on the frontline during the COVID-19 pandemic have important implications to improve future disaster response for homeless and other vulnerable populations.
Oviposition and Larval Development of Culicoides Insignis Lutz (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Erram Dinesh , Burkett-Cadena Nathan
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCulicoides insignis Lutz (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) is a confirmed vector of bluetongue virus (BTV) throughout the American tropics and a possible vector of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) in Florida. Despite its importance, fundamental information on the biology and ecology of this species is lacking. In this study, we examined the oviposition and larval development of C. insignis under laboratory conditions and attempted colonization of this species. MethodsLive C. insignis females were collected from the field using CDC-UV-LED traps, allowed to blood-feed on live chicken, and given various natural substrates for oviposition in two-choice assays. The eggs deposited were transferred to 0.3% agar slants and the hatched larvae were provided a diet of Panagrellus redivivus Linnaeus nematodes. ResultsCulicoides insignis females exhibited an overall oviposition preference for dishes containing mud from their larval habitat as gravid females deposited a significantly higher number of eggs on these dishes (35.3 eggs/female) than on deionized water (DI) substrates (17.7eggs/female). The ovipositing females also deposited a higher percentage of eggs on substrates with habitat mud and other organically enriched muds (≥ 75.2%) compared to DI substrates (31.0%). The larvae developed successfully to adulthood on the nematode diet, exhibiting high overall larval survival rates (85.0%). Sex-ratios of the F1 generation were male biased ~3:1 (M:F). Captive mating could not be induced in the F1 adults. ConclusionsMud from the larval habitat and other organically enriched muds provide strong oviposition cues to C. insignis. Further studies will be needed to examine whether these cues are olfactory/tactile in nature. Further studies will also be needed to characterize the larval habitat of C. insignis and identify the key biotic/abiotic factors influencing midge oviposition in the field. This information, in the long term, can be potentially exploited to discourage the oviposition of C. insignis in local habitats. The agar/nematode method is effective for the rearing of C. insignis larvae. However, further studies will be needed to address the issue of male-biased sex-ratios in the progeny. Further studies will also be needed to examine the mating habits/cues of C. insignis in nature, which may provide clues towards inducing captive mating in the F1 adults.