bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ATENDIMENTOS AMBULATORIAIS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA ACERCA DOS IMPACTOS DO DISTANCIAMENTO SOCIAL SOBRE O CUIDADO E ACOMPANHAMENTO DE PACIENTES COM DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES EM MEIO AO CONTEXTO DE PANDEMIA DA COVID-19
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC). Ilhéus, BA, Brasil., Gurgel Santana Geraldo Brendhell , Oliveira Nascimento Diogo Helenísio ,   Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC). Ilhéus, BA, Brasil., Santiago Gomes de Mello Débora ,   Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC). Ilhéus, BA, Brasil., Dinamarco Nelson ,   Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC). Ilhéus, BA, Brasil.
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: Analisar os impactos do distanciamento social sobre os cuidados ambulatoriais de pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares no Brasil em meio ao contexto de pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática qualitativa, com dados secundários do departamento de informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) e artigos publicados entre os anos de 2002 a 2023, para embasamento teórico, por meio das bases de dados: SciELO e Google Acadêmico. Resultados: Constatou-se que, comparativamente aos anos pré-pandêmicos (2018 e 2019), em 2020 houve redução dos atendimentos domiciliares (50%), eletrocardiograma (27%), teste ergométrico (38%) e monitoramento ambulatorial da pressão arterial (54%). Conclusão: Este estudo lança luz sobre o impacto que a pandemia da COVID-19 provocou no sistema de saúde brasileiro no que diz respeito ao acompanhamento e cuidado de pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares, os quais necessitam de consultas e exames específicos
HIPERTENSÃO E TECNOLOGIA: USO DE SOLUÇÃO DIGITAL E SEU IMPACTO NO ENGAJAMENTO DE PACIENTES E DESFECHOS CLÍNICOS
Authors:   Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Pavanello Ricardo ,   Cardiologia Clínica do Hospital do Coração. São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Albuquerque Sandro ,   Laboratório Servier do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil., Festa de Vasconcellos Juliana ,   Laboratório Servier do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil., Flores Marcella ,   Laboratório Servier do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil., Epelman Abraham ,   Laboratório Servier do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Published: January 2024

A hipertensão arterial sistêmica, principal fator de risco para as doenças cardiovasculares, é considerada a maior causa de mortes prematuras ao redor do mundo. Pacientes com baixa adesão ao tratamento apresentam maior risco de complicações, hospitalizações e morte prematura, além de aumentar a carga nos sistemas de saúde, onerando as economias nacionais. No Brasil, grande parte dos pacientes ainda apresenta um controle ruim dos fatores de risco cardiovascular, não atingindo as recomendações das principais diretrizes nacionais e internacionais. Com o intuito de trazer soluções para a falta de adesão, a tecnologia se torna uma importante aliada no automonitoramento e regularidade de tratamento. Aplicativos de automonitoramento com programas de gamificação são tecnologias emergentes, e seus resultados têm encorajado sua adoção porque estimulam os pacientes a se comprometerem com mudanças comportamentais e de estilo de vida. Elfie é uma solução digital inovadora e gratuita, validada pela Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, pela Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes e pela Associação Nacional de Atenção ao Diabetes, que, além de permitir que os usuários monitorem a sua condição física, também possam aprendam sobre sua saúde e recebam suporte personalizado por meio de um smartphone ou tablet, além de manter um banco de dados eletrônico para posterior consulta do próprio paciente e dos prestadores de cuidado à saúde, como médicos e nutricionistas. Os profissionais de saúde devem ser encorajados a discutir a utilidade desse tipo de ferramenta com seus pacientes, oferecendo, assim, a oportunidade de melhores desfechos clínicos e, consequentemente, reduzindo hospitalizações, mortalidade e custos em saúde.
How the Movie  Represents Women Who Play Baseball and Its Meaning
Authors:   The Women’s Studies Center, Kim Jisun , Jang Seunghyun
Published: January 2024

This study examined the reality of women playing baseball in Korea by analyzing the way the movie  represents female players and sought to find out the meaning of . The representation of women playing baseball in the movie  is organized into the following three categories. First, conflict: hostile sexism or benevolent sexism. In the movie , there is no competitor competing with the main character Su-in. However, the situation of not being able to become a professional baseball player and the prejudice and discrimination of those around him act as conflict factors. Several male characters in the film reaffirm the traditionally defined view of baseball as a male-only sport that women should not invade, and engage in discrimination, including prejudice. The same goes for schools that promote the school by allowing students to enroll, but are indifferent to the subsequent situation. The act of a professional team offering an employee position to a prisoner who applied to be a player is a benign sexist attitude. Second, growth: from a fastball to a breaking ball In the movie, a fastball represents a ‘man’ in that it comes from a good physique and strength. The point where Soo-in, who previously tried to win with a fastball, chooses a change-up ball called a knuckleball, is also the point where he changes his method and grows while trying to respond in the same male way in a male- dominated field. The position of the helper in the prisoner's response and growth process is different from previous sports movies. There are no rivals who are depicted as relatively evil people, and there is no leader whom the protagonist absolutely relies on. Suin's growth is depicted through solidarity with those around her. Third, new beginnings: as a professional second team player. Suin achieves satisfactory results in the tryout while passively but clearly showing solidarity between women and receiving applause from the male players who had ridiculed her. The ending of Suin joining the second-tier league seems like a happy ending, but it is also unsettling. However, Suin’s small achievement is expected to bring about a new beginning for ‘Korean women’s baseball.’ Next, the meaning of , a movie that differentiates itself from existing domestic sports movies, is organized into the following three points. First, a woman is the main character. Second, it is free from nationalism and statist ideology. Third, there are no fixed characters that fit the patriarchal system. In this way, the movie  is special in that it shows how to overcome the distorted conservative gender consciousness that sports movies have been producing.
The Black Women's Narrative in Show Way: An Intersection of Quilt and Picture Book
Authors:   The Women’s Studies Center, Lee Eun-ah
Published: January 2024

This study closely analyzes the lives and history of African American women depicted in Jacqueline Woodson's Show Way. Through a sequential examination of text and illustrations on each page, the research traces the life journey of African American women. Special attention is given to the 'quilt' as a means chosen by Woodson to address the challenging theme of the 'slavery system.' The focus is on how the messages conveyed in the picture book interact with the traditional 'quilt' of African American women. By exploring the quilt in addressing the issue of slavery, this study aims to enhance children's understanding of historical events and human rights issues. The analysis, particularly of the quilt, is expected to offer profound insights into the history of resistance and hope among African American women. Show Way successfully achieves Woodson's goal of passing down the stories of Black women to the next generation, and its active integration into American literary education addressing the lives and histories of African American women is anticipated.
THE IMPACT OF ANTIFRICTION CERAMIC COATINGS IN BEARING COUPLINGS ON THE PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY OF THE TURBOCHARGER
Authors: Малинин А.В. , Ипатов А.Г. , Шмыков С.Н.
Published: January 2024

Проанализированы основные актуальные проблемы подшипниковых сопряжений турбокомпрессоров двигателей внутреннего сгорания и существующие методики их решения. Предложена технология модификации подшипникового сопряжения керамическим антифрикционным покрытием с низким коэффициентом трения. Для сравнительного анализа работоспособности турбокомпрессора с модифицированными подшипниковыми сопряжениями разработан лабораторный стенд, позволяющий оценивать и анализировать время разгона вала турбокомпрессора и характеристику степени повышения давления в коллекторе компрессора от скорости входного воздушного потока. Выполненные исследования подтвердили положительное влияние керамического антифрикционного покрытия на эффективность работы турбокомпрессора, в частности, время разгона вала турбокомпрессора снизилось на 34 % в неустановившихся режимах работы. Более интенсивное раскручивание вала турбокомпрессора повышает динамику разгона двигателя и снижает эффект «турбоямы». Снижение момента страгивания в подшипниковых сопряжениях также положительно влияет на степень повышения давления. Даже при малых скоростях входного воздушного потока обеспечивается устойчивая степень повышения давления и тем самым устойчивая работа двигателя и динамика разгона. Полученные результаты имеют высокую практическую значимость и могут быть использованы в ремонтных технологиях.

The article analyzes the main urgent problems of bearing couplings of turbochargers of internal combustion engines and the existing methods for their solution. A technology for modifying the bearing coupling with a ceramic antifriction coating with a low coefficient of friction is proposed. The laboratory test bench has been developed for a comparative analysis of the performance of a turbocharger with modified bearing couplings. It makes it possible to evaluate and analyze the acceleration time of the turbocharger shaft and the degree of pressure ratio in the compressor manifold on the input air flow rate. The conducted studies confirmed the positive effect of the antifriction ceramic coating on the performance efficiency of the turbocharger, in particular, the acceleration time of the turbocharger shaft decreased by 34 % in unsteady operating modes of the turbocharger. More intensive untwisting of the turbocharger shaft increases the dynamics of engine acceleration and reduces the turbo lag effect. Reducing the breaking force in bearing couplings also has a positive effect on the degree of pressure ratio. Even at low speeds of the input air flow, a stable degree of pressure increase and, thus a stable operation of the engine and acceleration dynamics are achieved. The results obtained have a high practical significance and can be used in repair technologies.
Influential Factors in the Selection of Subspecialty Fellowship Training Among Surgical Trainees in Oman
Authors: Al Habsi Ghassan , Al Ghaithi Ahmed , Weshahi Yousef Al , Jahwari Ahmed
Published: January 2024

Objectives: Surgical training has evolved over the past few decades, with an increasing number of surgeons pursuing subspecialty training through fellowship programs across various surgical specialties. While published reports confirm this trend, few studies explored the factors that determine which fellowship training surgical residents would pursue. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the factors influencing fellowship choices made by surgical trainees in Oman. Methods: An online questionnaire, developed based on previously validated instruments, included 14 factors considered crucial for choosing a future career. Statistical analysis was performed to determine item-level validity, scale-level validity, and reliability. The survey was distributed via email and closed after six weeks for data analysis. Results: The survey achieved a response rate of 60.9%. The analysis revealed that the most influential factor among surveyed surgeons in selecting a subspecialty was prestige, with an average score of 2.7. The least reported influential factors were variety of cases (average score of 1.8) and personal interest (average score of 1.4). Only 57.7% of respondents received career choice guidance. Conclusions: Factors influencing the choice of surgical subspecialties vary among the different groups. This information can be valuable in designing programs and structuring professional career guidance and counseling.
Musculoskeletal disorders and their associated factors among individuals with diabetes mellitus in northwest Nigeria
Authors: Hassan Halima Ibrahim , Kaka Bashir , Sharaye Kolade Oladele , Abdulaziz Umar , Sada Aisha , Fatoye Francis , Ibrahim Aminu Alhassan
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing public health problem causing a significant amount of disability and mortality in Nigeria. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are common complications associated with DM. However, studies on the prevalence of MSDs and their associated factors are limited in Nigeria, particularly in the northwest region. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of MSDs and their associated factors among individuals with DM in northwest, Nigeria.

Material and methods

A retrospective cross-sectional survey of medical case records of all consecutive patients with DM attending a diabetic clinic in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria was conducted be-tween February 2015 and September 2021. Data on sociodemographic and clinical variables was collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models.

Results

Four hundred eighty-nine cases (170 men [34.8%], 319 females [65.2%]; mean age: 51.4 ±12.3 years) were analysed. The majority of the participants had type 2 DM (96.7%), with a mean DM duration of 7.02 ±5.05 years. The overall prevalence of MSDs was 32.7%, with the highest prevalence found for lumbosacral spondylosis (11%) followed by knee osteoarthritis (8.4%). Among the different potential predictors examined, only duration of DM was significantly associated with overall MSDs (AOR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.04–2.98; p = 0.035) whereas both duration of DM (AOR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.19–5.89; p = 0.018) and body mass index (AOR: 7.461, 95% CI: 1.33–43.8; p = 0.023) were significantly associated with lumbosacral spondylosis.

Conclusions

Approximately one-third of the study participants had MSDs, with lumbosacral spondylosis being the most frequently occurring disorder. Being obese and having a longer duration of DM were associated with MSDs. Clinicians in Nigeria need to pay attention to MSDs and related factors in DM patients by conducting routine assessments and implementing early treatment.
Introduction
Authors: Wilson Charles Reagan
Published: January 2024

Abstract and Keywords to be supplied.
The Rising Racial Way
Authors: Wilson Charles Reagan
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines the late 1930s and 1940s, a period when the context for race relations changed in the South. The Great Depression deepened economic anxieties and raised profound questions about the future of democracy, including how racial segregation violated democratic norms. Southerners embraced the New Deal use of federal government resources to fight the Depression. White southerners became concerned, though, by the mid-1930s with the growth in the power of the federal government and its implications for the segregated society. Social scientists offered new perspectives on that segregation, the Ku Klux Klan and religious fundamentalists offered harsh racial and religious opinions, a new breed of respectable white supremacy appeared alongside race-baiting politicians, and an interracial movement gained ground. Much of the chapter details African American critiques of the southern racial way and positive portrayals of African American folk culture. Richard Wright and Zora Neale Hurston are case studies of African American thought about the South. World War II was a landmark in bringing new national and global perspectives to southerners, and its impact on race relations was profound. The chapter concludes with an examination of the post-World War II context.
Revolutions and Counterrevolutions
Authors: Wilson Charles Reagan
Published: January 2024

This chapter looks at the continuing centrality of race to understandings of the southern way of life from the end of World War II to the mid-1960s. Seminal events included the Supreme Court’s Brown v. Board of Education decision that mandated the desegregation of public schools and the conservative reaction to it symbolized by the White Citizens’ Council, the rebirth of the Lost Cause, and the murder of Emmett Till. The Montgomery Bus Boycott launched an activist civil rights movement, and the chapter examines the role of Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Williams in articulating competing non-violent and self-defense strategies. The chapter covers a range of approaches by politicians from Massive Resistance to desegregation to the efforts of moderate white leaders to reform but keep the segregationist structure of southern life. The sit-ins in the early 1960s were important to a slowly evolving regional consciousness. The end of legal segregation and disfranchisement were landmarks in the transformation of southern society.
Imagining New Ways for the South
Authors: Wilson Charles Reagan
Published: January 2024

Two visions anchored efforts to think about a new southern way of life in the wake of changes associated with the civil rights movement. One was the biracial South. It represented a renewal of the liberal tradition, based politically in the Democratic Party that had been remade into one welcoming African Americans and maintaining close ties to the national party and the federal government. African Americans came to embrace the regional identity as never before, although many remained dismayed at public policies that seemed unjust. The other vision of the South’s post-1970 future was a conservative one based in the concept of a southern business way of life, the assertion of individualism over social concerns, and an effort to preserve as much white privilege as possible despite the end of segregation. Social class divisions remained, though, as the white working class and lower middle class did not receive the privileges of the well off, and they were frustrated at the new southern society. If race remained an enduring theme, so did religion. Evangelical Protestantism still dominated the South, and a conservative religion became a political force through the New Religious Right after 1980. The term Americanization of the South came into widespread use to describe the South’s movement toward national norms.
Southern Living
Authors: Wilson Charles Reagan
Published: January 2024

The years around 1980 were key ones for new expressions of the southern way of life, now imagined as “southern living.” The magazine of that name began publishing in 1966, a propitious time as the American South began its transition into a post-segregation era, and the magazine’s assertion of new southern ways growing out of older ones became a model for a new regional consciousness based in the suburbs and middle-class individualism. Changes in race relations came at the same time the world economy was undergoing striking developments that moved away from older models of industrial manufacturing, embraced globalization, and relied on consumer spending to drive prosperity. Politics, society, and religion witnessed a new conservatism, while reformers seeking social justice, at the same time, explored the dark underside of the predominantly sunny, middle-class version of southern living. Culture wars have flared since then, and race took on new guises that remained central to the newest version of the southern way of life. African American culture took a southern turn after 1980 and showed a vibrancy that bridges the gaps between an older rural culture and a modern one associated with urban ways, described as “country cosmopolitanism.”
Trespassers in the Land of Plenty
Authors: Rivaya-Martínez Joaquín
Published: January 2024

Joaquín Rivaya-Martínez explores the logic behind Comanche raiding into Mexico following the US-Mexico War. The US Army made little effort to dissuade such raiding and incentives for Comanche raids grew as herds of bison dwindled on the Texas and New Mexico plains at the same time that Americans began pouring into the newly expanded US Southwest. The combination of those two forces ensured that Indian raids of Mexican territory -- which were poorly defended, yet relatively rich in livestock – remained highly profitable. At the same time, expanding Anglo-American populations in the region also made firearms more easily accessible to Indian raiders – a reality that persisted even after the war. A weak presence of both the United States and Mexico governments along the border, combined with an expanding supply of firearms and a highly profitable market for stolen livestock, kept strong incentives for violence along the US-Mexico border during the years following the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo.
Cooperative Violence on the Rio Grande Frontier, 1830–1880
Authors: González-Quiroga Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2024

Miguel Ángel González Quiroga explores a manifestation of state weakness in episodes of what he calls “cooperative violence.” In examining the Federalist War of 1840 and the Cortina War of 1859, González Quiroga observes the formation of unlikely alliances and collaborations between Mexicans and Anglo-Americans who joined forces to use violence toward mutual ends. Although both conflicts arose from different circumstances and played out in disparate ways, each took place against a backdrop of state weakness, and they provide insight into the shifting identities and the ambiguous sense of national allegiance of many people living along the border during this period. When it was in their mutual interest, Anglo-Americans and Mexicans could form interethnic alliances to use violence to attain goals that, if not completely shared, were at least compatible. These alliances also reveal that – at least in certain contexts -- ethnicity and race did not always predetermine who would use violence against whom, and that the use of violence in trans-ethnic partnerships could bridge alliances across the border.
Opposing the War Machine
Authors: Falciola Luca
Published: January 2024

This chapter investigates the National Lawyers Guild’s mobilization against the Vietnam War. In particular, it sheds light on three avenues of intervention. First, the draft counseling to help draft evaders. Second, the support for GI resistance in the USA and Southeast Asia. By reviewing notable cases such as the Presidio 27 and the Fort Jackson Eight, the chapter illustrates how radical lawyers politicized trials and empowered defendants. As the book reveals, from offices near US bases in the Philippines, Japan, and Thailand, NLG lawyers also provided advice and counsel to GIs who otherwise would have faced court-martial alone. The third avenue of intervention focused on the representation and public advocacy of antiwar militants in the USA, including Catholic activists, such as the Catonsville Nine, and a number of leftist armed groups, primarily the Weather Underground.
Across Bars
Authors: Falciola Luca
Published: January 2024

This chapter introduces the reader to prison activism and explains radical lawyers’ involvement in that field since the early 1960s. Radical lawyers were among the first who breached and denounced the seclusion of US prisons and became the most trusted intermediaries between captives and the outside world. They were also among the first who specialized in prison law and played a substantial role in early prison insurrections and strikes (e.g., at Folsom). As the research evinces, a critical discourse on prisons emerged within the NLG, and prison resisters were celebrated as the most advanced revolutionary vanguard. The chapter also dissects the organization and meaning of the defense committees that lawyers and activists built around political detainees. In particular, the research focuses on two examples that showcase lawyers’ utmost commitment and manifold roles, namely the Soledad Brothers Defense Committee (centered on George Jackson) and the National United Committee to Free Angela Davis.
Indigenista Community Development and the Counterrevolution, 1954–1960
Authors: Foss Sarah
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores the aftermath of Guatemala’s 1954 coup that ended democracy and began an authoritarian counterrevolution. It explores how the new regime shifted the possibilities for rural community development and revised the notion of the modern Indian citizen. By using oral history to analyze two seemingly contradictory accounts of the Instituto Indigenista Nacional after the coup, it interrogates how state policies toward Indigenous communities changed. Further, it details the history of the Proyecto de Mejoramiento Integral de Tactic, a pilot community development project that the state abruptly terminated without explanation. Oral histories, municipal records, newspaper accounts, and unpublished field notes suggest that the project deviated from the model of modernization that the counterrevolutionary state desired, instead allowing for communitarian development that gave considerable autonomy to local actors. Amid heightened political tension, both the Guatemalan political elite and US advisors feared the consequences of letting Indigenous Guatemalans define the terms of their political participation and social relations, precisely what Revolution-era development initiatives had supported. While the developmentalist focus of the state continued, the counterrevolution ended opportunities for organic, localized development initiatives, instead using development to control and monitor the population and eradicate any suspected subversion.
A Little Cuba in the Ixcán Jungle, 1968–1982
Authors: Foss Sarah
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores a state and private project that took place under the Maryknoll Catholic order’s direction in the northern jungles in Guatemala, in the Ixcán region. The Ixcán Grande cooperative movement was part of the state’s colonization plan, which sought to relocate landless campesinos to sparsely populated regions. As the cooperative prospered and gained more mineral-rich land, regional authorities increasingly complained of the Ixcán project's autonomy and spread rumors that the colonists had formed a "little Cuba" and were supporting the leftist guerrilla movement. Further, when the government designated the Ixcán as part of the Franja Transversal del Norte (Northern Transversal Strip), Ixcán residents refused to surrender their land, placing them in direct opposition to state development efforts. The authoritarian state deemed the colony "communist," subversive, and antithetical to national interest and importantly, hemispheric security. By 1982, the Guatemalan military had turned the Ixcán project into one of the bloodiest theatres of Guatemala's state-sponsored genocide, burning every one of the colony’s villages, likely assassinating the colony's priest, and indiscriminately massacring residents. This case illustrates the incredible risk of pursuing a model of development based on community autonomy.
Photographing Development
Authors: Foss Sarah
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores the use of community development during the civil war as a means to control and a means to resist. Using photographs and a visual culture framework, it analyses the military’s Poles of Development project alongside the civilian comunidades de población en resistencia (Popular Communities in Resistance, CPRs) The Poles of Development was based around the model village, and the CPRs were clandestine settlements that internally displaced people formed after surviving the military’s genocide. Through photograph collections, military records, solidarity publications, and truth commission reports, the chapter argues that the military state upheld a logic that used community development as a form of control and surveillance, forcibly fitting participants into modern Indian citizen model. In contrast, in the CPRs, residents practiced development on their own terms, creating structures of equitable distribution, shared work, and free programs such as education and healthcare. In contrast to the Poles of Development, which institutionalized a modernized way of life that revolved around the capitalist economy and strict allegiance to the centralized state, the CPRs established a more egalitarian and decentralized model that challenged the military's authority. While not ignoring state violence, the chapter tells a story of survival and resilience.
Beyond Executions of African American Men for Murder
Authors: Trotti Michael Ayers
Published: January 2024

If most executions were for murder, there were many other more exceptional categories of crime that could earn the death penalty. But they seldom told a story of crime and punishment at the gallows different from the norm. The exceptions are when the condemned was white or, to a lesser degree, women.
Make it a Secret Silent Monster
Authors: Trotti Michael Ayers
Published: January 2024

When the South banned public executions, whites continued to enact the state’s power through the gallows. But privacy eliminated both the disorderly crowds and the communal religious services. When hangings became private, they also became Jim Crow, male executions, and one of the central pillars of the black community, the church, lost a very visible and public moment of devotion, contrition, catharsis, and subversion. The white South needed capital punishment to be a lesson that was quiet, and solemn, and filled with horror and awe; a moment empty of the redemption narrative of the camp meeting that typically subverted the lessons of the public gallows. In this era, whites responded to the fraying systems of white authority with a host of measures to bolster their control, and that included taking control again of death as a punishment, both by extralegally wresting black men entirely from the system of justice through lynching, and by ensuring whites dominated the story of legal executions by segregating executions away from public crowds, away from women, away from African Americans, and performing them behind walls. Privacy made executions both “lily-white” and male. And they were designed to deepen the horror such moments of punishment could offer.
Introduction
Authors: Rogers Thomas D.
Published: January 2024

The introduction sketches a panorama of Brazil’s natural history and rapid demographic and agricultural change across the 20th century. It argues that Brazil’s National Alcohol Program of the 1970s and 1980s charts the trajectory of the country’s experience with the Green Revolution. And it provides an overview of the structure of the book, divided into two sections and six chapters plus an epilogue.
The Unnecessary Destruction of Our Rivers
Authors: Rogers Thomas D.
Published: January 2024

The fifth chapter addresses environmental problems associated with sugar and alcohol production and the acute pollution associated with Proálcool. The rapid expansion in production generated massive quantities of wastewater, attracting public attention and action. Proálcool played a role in generating a popular response and, eventually, a political one. National and international environmental politics informed the debates and by the middle of the 1980s, federal environmental policies took more decisive steps to contain alcohol pollution. Like in the US, Brazil’s environmental movement went from public activism about local-level concerns to broader ones, and movements in civil society worked dialectically with state action. State-level responses to pollution pressures became more aggressive and eventually national-level changes emerged from those. The military regime’s active opposition to environmental regulation shifted across the 1970s and by the 1980s it had passed comprehensive national legislation. The shifts in environmental politics, domestically and internationally, resulted in a near-consensus by the 1980s of the imperative of environmental protection.
Food and Fuel
Authors: Rogers Thomas D.
Published: January 2024

The sixth chapter investigates the chronic problem of hunger in Brazil, especially in sugarcane regions. It traces debates about food scarcity and links them to the Proálcool era. Journalists, policymakers, activists, and physicians addressed the issue from the 1930s onward and entered global debates, including during the food crisis of the 1970s. The federal government launched nutrition programs starting in that decade, but the enormous increase in sugarcane production still displaced significant food production. The chapter argues that an agricultural system producing record harvests of commodity crops also continued to produce hunger. Despite repeated acknowledgements of the problems of rural poverty and scarcity, malnutrition persists. It is another reminder that agriculture writ large is different from a food system. Agriculture is not purely “natural,” and the social ills that agriculture fails to address are in fact products of the same social systems that produce agriculture in their image.
Mapping Shadows
Authors: Mas Catherine
Published: January 2024

This chapter turns to the discipline of medical anthropology, which asserted itself as a new authority to meet the failures of modern medicine. Using the life and career of Hazel Weidman as a window onto the history of medical anthropology, the chapter situates the discipline’s origins within broader intellectual and political trends of the postwar period. That included global discourses that emphasized culture, rather than race, as the appropriate category for understanding human difference, as well as structural changes in medicine that forged new relations between social scientists and health professionals. In the early 1970s, Weidman launched the Health Ecology Project, a large-scale study of the health beliefs and practices of five ethnic groups in Miami. A close analysis of the HEP reveals the complex and sometimes contradictory intentions and outcomes of postwar medical anthropological research. While Weidman sought to challenge American medicine’s ethnocentrism, the HEP relied on the gendering and racialization of both “health” and “culture,” as the language and structures of biomedicine played a role in the management of diversity.
Culture Brokers
Authors: Mas Catherine
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines an experiment in health care delivery known as the “Culture Broker Project” in 1970s Miami. The project involved mediation of care by so-called culture brokers, which promised to bring about a form of “transcultural” or “culturally appropriate” healthcare. Its history helps to illuminate the possibilities and limits of liberal multiculturalism as an intellectual project and an institutional policy. Medical social scientists launched the project amid certain political and economic conditions in Miami, which shaped a broader—albeit momentary—embrace of bilingualism and biculturalism. The chapter argues that notions of culturally appropriate care were rooted in an ascendant neoliberal economy that ascribed value to the maintenance of health and the efficient coordination of care. As the Culture Broker Project unfolded, formerly unregulated “clínicas” were transforming into newly designated “Health Maintenance Organizations.” Indeed, the language of brokering offered more than an anthropological metaphor; it signaled the ongoing marketization of medicine and the commodification of both “health” and “culture” in the late twentieth century.
Ritual Crimes
Authors: Mas Catherine
Published: January 2024

In the 1980s, Miami became a spectacle of chaos, crime, and corruption. The Mariel Boatlift, which brought more than 125,000 Cuban refugees to the US, coincided with the arrival of large numbers of Haitian refugees to the city. In this context, Afro-Caribbean cultures became an object of renewed attention, seen as the source of widespread disorder among public safety officials. A host of news articles sensationalized the practice of Santería—from the violence of rituals involving animal sacrifice to suspected ties between religious practitioners and the illicit drug trade. Responding to a moral panic and a war on drugs, Miami police officers investigated what they called “ritualistic crimes,” collaborating with anthropologists to investigate the assumed links between religion and crime. Chapter 4 examines the criminalization of Santería alongside the normalization of “Hispanic” Americans, through federal measures to include Hispanics in the census as well as in national health statistics. Meanwhile in Florida, a series of legislative reforms sought to “Americanize” the so-called Cuban clinic, as businesses offering Hispanic-oriented health services became mired in scandal. The chapter argues that suspicions of Santería’s criminality reflected larger efforts to exclude those cultural forms that resisted standardization in an emerging biomedical landscape.
Of War and Theft
Authors: Kretz Dale
Published: January 2024

Building on the corporeal data collection technologies of the US Sanitary Commission, the Pension Bureau’s rubric of disability ratings promoted a modern understanding of the body as a finite, quantifiable entity. It laid the groundwork for the Pension Bureau’s disability rating system. Operating under the so-called general law of 1862, the Pension Bureau required claimants to prove a service origin for their present disabilities; injuries and illnesses incurred prior to enlistment were not only ineligible but disqualifying. For Black claimants of the US Colored Troops, this meant having to silence or outright deny any evidence of lasting bodily harm from the days of enslavement. At the same time, other freedpeople pursued claims to lost property and unpaid wages through the Southern Claims Commission, a temporary platform for freedpeople to seek material redress and articulate loyalty and service to the Union. In all, freedpeople’s claims presented a new front in the politics of Civil War memory, with material interests—not just cultural capital—on the line.
Fire in the American Lake
Authors: Cuddy Brian , Logevall Fredrik
Published: January 2024

This chapter argues that the Asia Pacific regional context is central to any understanding of why, how, and to what effect the United States and its partners waged war in Vietnam. The United States justified the war on the basis of regional rationales such as the domino theory and the buying time thesis, and it fought the war with the help of other Asia Pacific countries. In casting the conflict not just as a Cold War story, but also as an important part of the history of imperialism and neocolonialism in the region, the chapter highlights both the perpetuation and the transformation of American power in a decolonizing Asia Pacific. The chapter stresses the agency of US regional allies and partners, and reflects on the legacies of Hanoi’s victory, in particular the movement of people from Vietnam into (and beyond) the wider region. The chapter finishes by contending that the regional dynamics of the Vietnam War are not of purely historical interest. Understanding how the region reacted to the American war in Vietnam and how that war changed the region might help the United States and its Asia Pacific partners to better navigate the currents of competition in the future.
British Neocolonialism in Malaya and Singapore, and U.S. Empire in the Pacific
Authors: Ngoei Wen-Qing
Published: January 2024

This chapter places the Vietnam War upon the larger canvas of East and Southeast Asian history by studying the long shadow that Britain’s Empire cast over US Cold War entanglements across the region. It shows how British neocolonialism after World War Two intertwined with the goals of conservative, West-friendly elites in Malaya and Singapore, two former colonies of Britain. From the 1940s through early 1960s, London’s vigorous but ultimately doomed efforts to steer decolonization toward the preservation of its imperial power would contribute not just to the expansion of US involvement in Southeast Asia, but also the overall pro-US trajectory of the region even before the Americanization of the Vietnam conflict.
Veterans’ Reflections on Legacies of War in Việt Nam at Peace
Authors: Hobbs Mia Martin
Published: January 2024

Since 1981, thousands of veterans from Australia and the US have returned to Vietnam: to reconcile with their former enemy, to revisit their own memories, to heal from trauma, to understand why and how they lost. Those who returned faced new stories and memories about the war that often undermined or contradicted the narratives that had shaped their post-war identities. Drawing on oral history interviews conducted with over fifty returnees, this chapter explores veterans’ reflections on the war in light of their returns, focusing on four war legacy issues: perceptions of defeat (or victory) in Vietnam; the anti-war movement; the association between “their” war and war crimes; and the justness of the war.
American Dreams, American Nightmares
Authors: Horowitz Daniel
Published: January 2024

Two decades punctuated by the financial crisis of the Great Recession and the public health crisis of COVID-19 have powerfully reshaped housing in America. By integrating social, economic, intellectual, and cultural histories, this illuminating work shows how powerful forces have both reflected and catalyzed shifts in the way Americans conceptualize what a house is for, in an era that has laid bare the larger structures and inequities of the economy.Daniel Horowitz casts an expansive net over a wide range of materials and sources. He shows how journalists and anthropologists have explored the impact of global economic forces on housing while filmmakers have depicted the home as a theater where danger lurks as elites gamble with the fates of the less fortunate. Real estate workshops and popular TV networks like HGTV teach home buyers how to flip—or flop—while online platforms like Airbnb make it possible to play house in someone else's home. And as the COVID pandemic took hold, many who had never imagined living out every moment at home found themselves cocooned there thanks to corporations like Amazon, Zoom, and Netflix.
From Realtor Magazine to the Financial Times
Authors: Horowitz Daniel
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines the ways in which print media covered the relationships between home ownership and the emerging changes in the world of finance that together led to the Great Recession. Among the publications covered are Realtor, the glossy publication of the National Association of Realtors; New York Times; Wall Street Journal; Fortune; Forbes Magazine; National Review; The Nation; The Economist; and Financial Times. Several themes are of special importance: the blame game; mixed messages that emphasize both dangers and opportunities; the power of ideologies; and controversies about race and discrimination. Also of interest were the contributions of women who early on wrote about the possibility of a financial crisis. Among them are Gretchen Morgenson, Meredith Whitney, and especially Gillian Tett.
Journalists, Filmmakers, and The Gendering of Looking Backward
Authors: Horowitz Daniel
Published: January 2024

If most journalists who were meeting daily, weekly, or monthly deadlines could not figure out how to devise stories that presciently or even somewhat accurately captured the unfolding global crisis, journalists who wrote books, anthropologists who carried out ethnographic investigations, and movie directors who produced documentaries could do so. Among the films under consideration are Enron: The Smartest Guying in the Room (2005), The Big Short (2010), Panic: The Untold Story of the 2008 Financial Crisis (2018), and Inside Job (2010). At the center of the chapter is a group of women involved in the documentaries because of what they had written before. Meredith Whitney issued early warnings while working at the investment firm Oppenheimer, efforts that helped Michael Lewis write The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine (2011) which in turn served as a basis for a 2015 movie with the same title. Had the movie featured Whitney, audiences would have learned that better than most male writers she was among several women who early on best understood the dangers of securitization, Gretchen Morgenson, Bethany McLean, and Gillian Tett.
Looking Up and Down
Authors: Horowitz Daniel
Published: January 2024

Gillian Tett addressed how her training as an anthropologist and her ethnographic work in Tajikistan informed her financial reporting. Despite her insistence on writing from the bottom up, Tett’s work focused principally on elites in finance and government. So, the focus shifts to relevant books by anthropologists that looked from the top down and the bottom up: especially Melissa S. Fisher, Wall Street Women (2012), Karen Ho, Liquidated: An Ethnography of Wall Street (2009) and Noelle Stout, Dispossessed: How Predatory Bureaucracy Foreclosed On the American Middle Class (2019). Then I return to the movie The Big Short to drive home the point that like Stout’s work and unlike that of many others, the movie breaks out of the elite silo to dramatize the impact of the collapse of the housing market on ordinary Americans. Finally, I turn to three horror movies that depict the home as a dangerous place--Room (2015), Get Out (2017), and Parasite (2019). I will explore how implicitly or explicitly they connect to the global financial crisis and how more certainly they make gender, class, and race relations central to their depictions
New Media and Residential Real Estate
Authors: Horowitz Daniel
Published: January 2024

Print media, much of it traditional and well-established, operated under problematic limitations, even though there were notable exceptions of journalists who wrote perceptively. At the same time, new media was threatening or promising to transform the residential real estate sector, as it began to shape the ways buyers, sellers, and intermediaries interacted. The years around the Great Recession were when disruption driven by platform or sharing economies seemed to be everywhere. This chapter focuses on five areas: the buying, selling, and financing of homes; short-term rentals in popular cities and resort areas; the home as sanctuary; the home as workplace; and the racial, class, geographical, and generational dimensions of the impact of disruptive innovation in residential real estate. I explore the impact of these changes on the balance between public and private in people’s lives. New media have fostered major changes in the allocation of time, space, and financial resources. They have helped redefine work, leisure, personal relationships, and entrepreneurship. Emphasizing as they do the neoliberal goal of self-governance, they have accentuated the power of individualism and eroded the roles of or support for governments, social organizations, and public life.