bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic Observations of Obscured Populations in the Inner Galaxy: 2MASS-GC02, Terzan 4, and the 200 km s−1 stellar peak*
Authors: Kunder Andrea , Crabb Riley E. , Debattista Victor P. , Koch-Hansen Andreas J. , Huhmann Brianna M.
Published: August 2021

The interpretation of potentially new and already known stellar structures located at low latitudes is hindered by the presence of dense gas and dust, as observations toward these sight lines are limited. We have identified Apache Point Observatory Galaxy Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) stars belonging to the low-latitude globular clusters 2MASS-GC02 and Terzan 4, presenting the first chemical element abundances of stars residing in these poorly studied clusters. As expected, the signature of multiple populations coexisting in these metal-rich clusters is evident. We redetermine the radial velocity of 2MASS-GC02 to be −87 ± 7 km s−1, finding that this cluster’s heliocentric radial velocity is offset by more than 150 km s−1 from the literature value. We investigate a potentially new low-latitude stellar structure and a kiloparsec-scale nuclear disk (or ring) that has been put forward to explain a high-velocity (V
GSR ∼ 200 km s−1) peak reported in several Galactic bulge fields based on the APOGEE commissioning observations. New radial velocities of field stars at (l, b) = (−6°,0 °) are presented and combined with the APOGEE observations at negative longitudes to carry out this search. Unfortunately no prominent −200 km s−1 peak at negative longitudes along the plane of the Milky Way are apparent, as predicted for the signature of a nuclear feature. The distances and Gaia EDR3 proper motions of the high-V
GSR stars do not support the current models of stars on bar-supporting orbits as an explanation of the +200 km s−1 peak.
An Empirical Determination of the Dependence of the Circumgalactic Mass Cooling Rate and Feedback Mass Loading Factor on Galactic Stellar Mass
Authors: Zhang 张 Huanian 华年 , Zaritsky Dennis , Olsen Karen Pardos , Behroozi Peter , Werk Jessica , Kennicutt Robert , Xie 谢 Lizhi 利智 , Yang 杨 Xiaohu 小虎 , Fang 方 Taotao 陶陶 , De Lucia Gabriella , Hirschmann Michaela , Fontanot Fabio
Published: August 2021

Using our measurements of the Hα emission line flux originating in the cool (T ∼ 104 K) gas that populates the halos of galaxies, we build a joint model to describe the mass of the cool circumgalactic medium (CGM) as a function of galactic stellar mass (

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) and environment. Because the Hα emission correlates with the main cooling channel for this gas, we are able to estimate the rate at which the CGM cools and becomes fuel for star formation in the central galaxy. We describe this calculation, which uses our observations, previous measurements of some critical CGM properties, and modeling of the cooling mechanism using the Cloudy modeling suite. We find that the mass cooling rate is larger than the star formation rates of the central galaxies by a factor of ∼4–90, empirically confirming that there is sufficient fuel to resolve the gas consumption problem and that feedback is needed to avoid collecting too much cold gas in galaxies. We find excellent agreement between our estimates of both the mass cooling rates and mass loading factors and the predictions of independent theoretical studies. The convergence in results that we find from several completely different treatments of the problem, particularly at the lower end of the galactic mass range, is a strong indication that we have a relatively robust understanding of the quantitative effects of feedback across this mass range.
Analyzing the Galactic Pulsar Distribution with Machine Learning
Authors: Ronchi M. , Graber V. , Garcia-Garcia A. , Rea N. , Pons J. A.
Published: August 2021

We explore the possibility of inferring the properties of the Galactic population of neutron stars through machine learning. In particular, in this paper we focus on their dynamical characteristics and show that an artificial neural network is able to estimate with high accuracy the parameters that control the current positions of a mock population of pulsars. For this purpose, we implement a simplified population-synthesis framework (where selection biases are neglected at this stage) and concentrate on the natal kick-velocity distribution and the distribution of birth distances from the Galactic plane. By varying these and evolving the pulsar trajectories in time, we generate a series of simulations that are used to train and validate a suitably structured convolutional neural network. We demonstrate that our network is able to recover the parameters governing the distribution of kick velocity and Galactic height with a mean relative error of about 10−2. We discuss the limitations of our idealized approach and study a toy problem to introduce selection effects in a phenomenological way by incorporating the observed proper motions of 216 isolated pulsars. Our analysis highlights that by increasing the sample of pulsars with accurate proper-motion measurements by a factor of ∼10, one of the future breakthroughs of the Square Kilometre Array, we might succeed in constraining the birth spatial and kick-velocity distribution of the neutron stars in the Milky Way with high precision through machine learning.
No Impact of Core-scale Magnetic Field, Turbulence, or Velocity Gradient on Sizes of Protostellar Disks in Orion A
Authors: Yen Hsi-Wei , Zhao Bo , Koch Patrick M. , Gupta Aashish
Published: August 2021

We compared the sizes and fluxes of a sample of protostellar disks in Orion A measured with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array 0.87 mm continuum data from the VLA/ALMA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity survey with the physical properties of their ambient environments on the core scale of 0.6 pc estimated with the Green Bank Ammonia Survey data and the legacy catalog datasets of the polarimeter for the Submillimeter Common-User Bolometer Array. We did not find any significant dependence of the disk radii and continuum fluxes on a single parameter on the core scale, such as nonthermal line width, magnetic field orientation and strength, or magnitude and orientation of the velocity gradient. Among these parameters, we only found a positive correlation between the magnitude of the velocity gradient and the nonthermal line width. Thus, the observed velocity gradients are more likely related to turbulent motion but not large-scale rotation. Our results of no clear dependence of the disk radii on these parameters are more consistent with the expectation from nonideal MHD simulations of disk formation in collapsing cores, where the disk size is self-regulated by magnetic braking and diffusion, compared to other simulations that only include turbulence and/or a magnetic field misaligned with the rotational axis. Therefore, our results could hint that the nonideal MHD effects play a more important role in the disk formation. Nevertheless, we cannot exclude the influences on the observed disk size distribution by dynamical interaction in a stellar cluster or amounts of angular momentum on the core scale, which cannot be probed with the current data.
Searching for TeV Candidates in 4LAC High-synchrotron- peaked Frequency BL Lac Objects
Authors: Zhu K. R. , Kang S. J. , Zhou R. X. , Zheng Y. G.
Published: August 2021

The next generation of TeV detectors is expected to have significantly enhanced performance. It is therefore constructive to search for new TeV candidates for observation. This paper focuses on TeV candidates among the high-synchrotron-peaked BL Lacertae objects (HBLs) reported in the fourth catalog of active galactic nuclei detected by Fermi’s Large Area Telescope, i.e., 4LAC. By cross-matching the Fermi data with radio and optical observations, we collected the multiwavelength features of 180 HBLs with known redshifts. The data set contains 39 confirmed TeV sources and 141 objects whose TeV detection has not yet been reported (either not yet observed, or observed but not detected). Using two kinds of supervised machine-learning (SML) methods, we searched for new possible TeV candidates (PTCs) among the nondetected objects by assessing the similarity of their multi-wavelength properties to existing TeV-detected objects. The classification results of the two SML classifiers were combined and the 24 highest-confidence PTCs were proposed as the best candidates. We calculate, here, the 12 year averaged Fermi spectra of these PTCs and estimate their detectability by extrapolating the Fermi spectra and including the extragalactic background light attenuation. Four candidates are suggested to have a high likelihood of being detected by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory, and 24 are candidates for Cherenkov Telescope Array observations.
Sexual Abuse and Sexually-Transmitted HIV/AIDS in Jamaican Children and Adolescents Aged 6-19 Years
Authors: Orrigio Kadine , Pierre Russell Bernard , Gordon-Harrison Diahann , Lewis-O'connor Kaye , Gordon-Strachan Georgiana , Christie Celia Dana Claire
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Risk factors and outcomes of sexually-acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection were characterized in Jamaican children and adolescents.

Methodology: Management was carried out by multidisciplinary teams in Infectious Diseases clinics during August 2003 through February 2019 using modified World Health Organization HIV criteria.

Results: There were 78 clients, aged 6 to 19 years, with females:males = 4:1 (p < 0.05). Sexual-initiation occurred in 60%, 47 before < 16 years (median 13 years, with four < 10 years; females:males = 7:1). Sexual-initiation preceded HIV diagnosis in all cases (median 2 years). Secondary education 93% (69/77) and living with non-parental relatives 17% (13/78) were associated with early sexual-initiation (p < 0.042); as was later imprisonment in 6% (3/52). Other sexually transmitted infections 36% (19/53) were associated with sexual-initiation ≥ 16 years (p < 0.01). Risks for ongoing HIV-transmission included infrequent condom use 74% (39/53), body-piercings 50% (24/48), illicit drug use 37% (28/76), tattoos 36% (19/52), transactional sex 14% (7/53) and pregnancy 56% of girls. 77% (59/77) had Centres for Diseases Control’s Category A HIV infection; 82% (61/75) initiated anti-retroviral therapy; 75% (56/75) had first-line drugs, with helper T lymphocyte counts ≥ 500 cells/μL in 61% (48/78) and HIV viral load of < 1,000 copies/μL in 63% (40/64). Complications included dermatological 39% (20/52), respiratory 25% (13/52) and neurological 15% (8/52). Early sexual initiation was associated with depression 43% (33/76; p < 0.004) and suicidal attempt or ideation 23% (18/77; p < 0.096). Four (5%) died.

Conclusions: Sexually transmitted HIV/AIDS in children and adolescents should preempt prompt medical, legal and psychosocial interventions.
Modelling the evolution of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ajbar Abdelhamid Mohamed , Ali Emad , Ajbar Aymane
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has claimed hundreds of thousands of lives around the world. Health planners are seeking ways to forecast the evolution of the pandemic. In this study, a mathematical model was proposed for Saudi Arabia, the country with the highest reported number of COVID-19 cases in the Arab world.

Methodology: The proposed model was adapted from the model used for the Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak in South Korea. Using time-dependent parameters, the model incorporated the effects of both population-wide self-protective measures and government actions. Data before and after the government imposed control policies on 3 March 2020 were used to validate the model. Predictions for the disease’s progression were provided together with the evaluation of the effectiveness of the mitigation measures implemented by the government and self-protective measures taken by the population.

Results: The model predicted that, if the government had continued to implement its strong control measures, then the scale of the pandemic would have decreased by 99% by the end of June 2020. Under the current relaxed policies, the model predicted that the scale of the pandemic will have decreased by 99% by 10 August 2020. The error between the model’s predictions and actual data was less than 6.5%.

Conclusions: Although the proposed model did not capture all of the effects of human behaviors and government actions, it was validated as a result of its time-dependent parameters. The model’s accuracy indicates that it can be used by public health policymakers.
Serum Micronutrients as related to Childhood Pneumonia Severity and Outcome in a Nigerian Health Facility
Authors: Kuti Bankole Peter , Adetola Hammed Hassan , Oyelami Oyeku Akibu
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Micronutrients are essential minerals and vitamins needed for optimal health. There are however conflicting reports about the roles of micronutrients in severity and outcomes of childhood pneumonia. This study aims to determine the socio-demographic and serum micronutrients – Zinc (Zn), Selenium (Se), Vitamins (Vit) A, C and E status of Nigerian children with or without pneumonia and relate these to pneumonia severity and outcome.

Methodology: Children aged two months to 14 years with severe and non-severe pneumonia were recruited with age and sex-matched controls over 12 month period in a Nigerian tertiary health centre. Relevant history and serum micronutrients were compared in the two groups and related to pneumonia severity and length of hospitalisation (LOH).

Results: One hundred and forty-four children (72 for each group) were recruited with median (IQR) age 1.6 (0.6 – 4.0) years and fifty-six (38.8%) had severe pneumonia. Pneumonia incidence was associated with undernutrition, inappropriate immunisation and Zn deficiency (p < 0.05). Hypovitaminosis A [60.8(22.2)µg/dl vs. 89.5(34.7)µg/dl; p < 0.001], low serum Zn [71.6(32.5)µg/dl vs. 92.6(24.6)µg/dl; p=0.019] and indoor air pollution (IAP) were associated with pneumonia severity. However, only IAP (OR = 4.529; 95%CI 1.187–17.284; p=0.027) and Zn deficiency (OR=6.144; 95%CI 1.157–32.617; p=0.033) independently predicted severe pneumonia. No significant correlation between serum micronutrients and LOH.

Conclusions: Exposure to IAP and low serum micronutrients particularly Zn and Vit A were associated with pneumonia incidence and severity in Nigerian children. Routine micronutrient supplementation may assist to reduce the burden of childhood pneumonia in developing countries.
D’une Académie l’autre. Mersenne, Roberval et quelques autres
Authors: Maronne Sébastien
Published: August 2021

Nous étudions l’Académie mathématique parisienne et l’Académie par lettres de Mersenne à partir des témoignages qu’on trouve essentiellement dans les correspondances de Mersenne, Descartes et Fermat. Nous nous efforçons de déterminer quels furent les participants à l’Académie mathématique parisienne et examinons la question du lieu où pouvaient se tenir ses séances. Nous étudions enfin les deux activités principales conjointes des deux Académies, à savoir l’examen et la production de travaux mathématiques, en nous intéressant en particulier à l’unique séance dont nous soyons informés qui fut consacrée au lieu plan de Fermat le jeudi 2 avril 1637.
L’Académie avant l’Académie : les premières activités de la compagnie en formation (mai-décembre 1666)
Authors: Picolet Guy
Published: August 2021

La période de sept mois et demi durant laquelle l’Académie royale des sciences s’est formée concrètement demeure mal connue. Les activités accomplies alors au sein de l’organisation naissante ont été particulièrement négligées par les historiens. En s’appuyant notamment sur le premier cahier de travail parisien de Huygens, cet article montre que toute une série d’écrits académiques jusqu’ici mal datés relèvent en fait de la période de formation de l’institution. À partir d’une documentation largement renouvelée, il présente ensuite pour la première fois dans leur véritable succession chronologique et dans le contexte des principales étapes organisationnelles les travaux académiques de cette période tels qu’ils apparaissent désormais.
L’entrée de Maures dans l’ Histoire de la princesse de Montpensier de M.-M. de Lafayette
Authors: Ravonneaux Nathalie
Published: August 2021

Loin d’être « anachronique », l’« entrée de Maures » dansée aux noces de Charles IX dans l’Histoire de la princesse de Montpensier est fidèle à la réalité aulique du xvie siècle. Vraisemblablement porteuse de la symbolique politique des ballets de Cour de la Renaissance et du xviie siècle, elle semble évoquer également la guerre de Grenade (1570). En même temps qu’elle annonce la mort de deux des personnages du récit, elle anticipe sur l’interprétation de la Saint-Barthélemy donnée par le narrateur et pourrait, de ce fait, jouer avec le symbole héraldique de la « tête de Maure » inspiré de saint Maurice, le chrétien qui a refusé de tuer des chrétiens.
Le vrai visage d’une bataille. Réflexions à propos de la découverte d’une source inédite sur la campagne de 1687 en Hongrie à la Bibliothèque Nationale de France
Authors: Tóth Ferenc
Published: August 2021

La campagne de 1687 était une période particulièrement riche en événements dans la guerre de reconquête de la Hongrie sur les Ottomans dont l’événement central fut la bataille de Nagyharsány. Lors de cet affrontement les troupes chrétiennes alliées remportèrent une victoire décisive sur l’armée ottomane qui leur permit une entrée dans la Transylvanie. Cette bataille a déjà été l’objet des recherches historiques et archéologiques. Cette étude se propose de montrer les changements de l’image historique de cette bataille à la lumière du journal autographe de la campagne de 1687 par le duc Charles V de Lorraine, source récemment découverte à la Bibliothèque Nationale de France. Enfin, à travers quelques exemples nous essayons de montrer la genèse et l’évolution d’un mythe historique en le plaçant dans une large perspective historique.
Le cours municipal de sociologie et l’enseignement supérieur populaire à Lyon. À partir de trois textes d’Alexis Bertrand (1892 ; 1902 ; 1912)
Authors: Laurens Jean-Paul
Published: August 2021

Alexis Bertrand initie à Lyon, dès 1892, un enseignement supérieur et municipal de sociologie. Contre toute attente, ce dernier n’est pas destiné aux étudiants des facultés de la ville ou aux élites bourgeoises mais au peuple dans le cadre d’un programme d’éducation populaire avant la lettre. Il s’agit d’un véritable cours intégré et structuré qui ne repose pas, comme cela se fait souvent, sur des conférences indépendantes. Le professeur, qui cherche l’évolution sans la révolution et la démocratisation du savoir, s’y pose en scientifique et non en tribu. Il bénéficie alors d’un contexte sociopolitique local singulier où domine le radical-socialisme. Cet article présente cette expérience telle qu’elle est relatée par Alexis Bertrand dans trois textes rédigé à vingt années d’intervalle : 1892, 1902 et 1912.
Et après ? Répercussions d’une mobilité académique sur un parcours de vie
Authors: Ruet Magali
Published: August 2021

Le principe de libre circulation au sein de l’Union européenne et celui de l’interdiction des discriminations fondées sur la nationalité impliquent le droit pour tout citoyen européen d’être traité sur le territoire d’un autre État membre comme s’il n’y était pas étranger (Chopin, 2008). Ces principes, conjugués à des situations socio-économiques différenciées entre les pays membres, favorisent une émigration importante des pays de l’Europe centrale et orientale vers l’Europe occidentale. Dans ce contexte, une expérience de mobilité académique représente un enjeu important pour les étudiants qui peuvent « tester » et se former à une vie à l’étranger. À travers une ethnographie d’expériences de mobilité en France d’étudiants croates, nous mettons en évidence qu’une telle expérience, si elle est généralement bien vécue, n’est pas facilement réinvestie par la suite dans un parcours de vie et mène à des formes d’immobilité (Gohard-Radenkovic et Veillette, 2015). Si les étudiants choisissent de rester dans leur pays d’origine, ils peinent à faire reconnaitre les compétences acquises à l’international. S’ils font le choix de repartir, leur mobilité académique ne les a pas préparés à une expatriation et ses contraintes. Cette ethnographie nous mène au constat que les étudiants en mobilité ont besoin, certes, de suivre des études en français, mais également de conscientiser les compétences acquises lors de leur séjour, de développer un pouvoir d’agir et un savoir-devenir (Lebrun, 2007) ainsi que la capacité de savoir se dire afin d’être à même d’écrire leur « biographie élective » (Beck et Beck-Gernsheim, 1999). C’est pourquoi, nous pensons qu’il serait utile de développer des formations formant aux outils de l’anthropologie et adoptant une approche biographique afin de développer des compétences réflexives permettant aux étudiants de conscientiser leurs acquis, les conditions sociales de leur existence et de savoir se positionner et développer une identité narrative.
Populations de France : une émigration croissante à la géographie diversifiée
Authors: Le Penven Eric
Published: August 2021

La France, terre d’immigration, est-elle aussi une terre d’émigration ? Pour répondre à cette question, l’étude des données livrées par le registre des Français établi hors de France est utile, mais insuffisante. En décryptant les bases de données migratoires croisant pays de naissance et pays de résidence, l’analyse évalue le nombre de natifs de France résidant à l’étranger et met en évidence une augmentation soutenue, plus élevée que pour les pays européens voisins de l’Hexagone. Dans une troisième partie, l’examen de six pays d’émigration fait ressortir la diversité des situations et des moteurs de l’émigration depuis la France.
Leadership et émotions : le pouvoir des compétences émotionnelles
Authors: Chader Adnane , Pijoan Natacha , Plane Jean-Michel
Published: August 2021

Notre article vise à mieux comprendre la relation entre les compétences émotionnelles et l’adhésion à la vision du leader. Afin de saisir cette dynamique, nous avons mobilisé les travaux de Mikolajczak et ses collègues (2014) portant sur les compétences émotionnelles et ceux de George (2000) sur l’efficacité du leadership. Ainsi, nos interrogations porteront sur le rôle des compétences émotionnelles des leaders dans la stimulation de l’engagement et de l’adhésion à la vision des leaders. Comment les compétences émotionnelles des leaders contribuent-elles à une meilleure adhésion des collaborateurs ? Pour répondre à notre question de recherche, nous avons privilégié une méthodologie qualitative. En ce sens, 30 entretiens semi-directifs ont été menés auprès de leaders d’entreprises. Les résultats de notre recherche soulignent le rôle majeur des compétences émotionnelles des leaders non seulement dans le processus de construction de leur vision, mais également lors de sa diffusion ainsi que dans la mobilisation des collaborateurs autour de celle-ci. Ces résultats nous ont également permis d’identifier dix leviers d’action clés porteurs d’un leadership efficace dans la mesure où ils permettent d’agir sur l’adhésion des collaborateurs à la vision du leader.
Déviance Positive et Leader Serviteur : une approche exploratoire
Authors: Le Roy Jeanne , Brière Mathilde , Meier Olivier , Schier Guillaume
Published: August 2021

La déviance positive fait référence à des comportements volontaires qui s’écartent de manière significative des normes afin de fournir un avantage à l’organisation et/ou à ses membres (Galperin, 2003 ; Spreitzer et Sonenshein, 2004 ; Warren, 2003). Ce concept s’est avéré être un outil puissant d’innovation et de changement. Malgré un intérêt croissant, on sait peu de choses sur les facteurs qui favorisent la déviance positive et, en particulier, sur la façon dont le leadership serviteur ( servant leader ) – dont la capacité principale est de « servir « et d’accompagner les autres – favorise son apparition. De manière plus spécifique, notre recherche vise à explorer d’une part la relation entre la perception du niveau de leadership serviteur sur la réalisation de comportements déviants positifs et d’autre part la modération de cette relation par les caractéristiques signalétiques des salariés. Pour ce faire, nous avons réalisé une étude quantitative des réponses de 344 salariés français à un sondage en ligne. Nos résultats mettent en lumière le lien direct entre des caractéristiques signalétiques des salariés (ancienneté dans l’entreprise, statut, âge, sexe) et l’engagement dans des comportements de déviance positive. De plus, nous observons que lorsque les collaborateurs perçoivent leur leader comme étant à leur service, ses derniers s’engagent davantage dans des comportements déviants positifs. Plusieurs limitations et implications sont discutées.
Des corpus d’interactions dans la formation linguistique des migrants
Authors: André Virginie
Published: August 2021

L’exploitation des corpus oraux et multimodaux d’interactions à des fins didactiques commence à apparaître et à faire ses preuves dans le champ de la didactique du français langue étrangère (FLE). Elle est encore inexistante dans le champ de la formation linguistique des adultes migrants alors que la participation à des interactions verbales représente une des premières voies de leur intégration. Dans cette étude, nous montrons comment intégrer des corpus d’interactions dans les formations au français langue d’intégration (FLI) en investissant des méthodologies issues de l’analyse de corpus. Nous verrons comment la didactique peut se doter d’outils utiles pour saisir et faire saisir aux apprenants le fonctionnement des interactions. Nous présentons deux processus d’acquisition de compétences interactionnelles – avec des corpus et sur corpus – avec un public migrant débutant en langue et peu scolarisé.
Dilute acid hydrolysis of wastes of fruits from Amazon for ethanol production
Authors: Fernandes Flávia ,   Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Natural Resources of the Amazon, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, Farias Amanda , Carneiro Livia , Santos Ralyvan , Torres Daiana , Silva João , Souza João , Souza Érica ,   School of Technology, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil,   Mycology Laboratory, National Institute of Amazonian Research – INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering College of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
Published: August 2021

This study carried out the screening of wastes from Amazon plants to produce hydrolysates with a high monosaccharides content for ethanol production. Initially, we hydrolyzed (diluted acid) Amazon wastes (peel from the fruit of Astrocaryum aculeatum Meyer, peel from the fruit of Bactris gasipaes Kunth, straw obtained from endocarp of the fruit of Euterpe oleracea Mart., peel from the fruit of Theobroma grandiflorum Schumann and peel from the root of Manihot esculenta Crant) to obtain hydrolysates with the high content of fermentable sugars. Then, we investigated by 23 factorial design the influence of the factors: a) hydrolysis time (min); b) H2SO4-to-waste ratio (g/g) and c) solid-to-liquid ratio (g/mL) in the variables reducing sugars and furans. The hydrolysis of the peel of the fruit of Bactris gasipaes resulted in the highest concentration of reducing sugars (23.7 g/L). After detoxification and concentration process, the Bactris gasipaes hydrolysate results in 96.7 g/L of reducing sugars largely fermentable (90%) by Saccharomyces cerevisiae PE-2. The experimental design demonstrated that the factors H2SO4-to-waste ratio (g/g) and solid-to-liquid ratio (g/mL) were the most significant affecting the final content of reducing sugars and furans in the hydrolysate of the peel of Bactris gasipaes. Hydrolysis time of 4.4 min, H2SO4-to-waste ratio of 0.63 g/g, and the solid-to-liquid ratio of 0.17 g/mL resulted in the concentration of reducing sugars of 49 g/L. This study shows the potential of peels from the fruit of Bactris gasipaes to produce ethanol.
Optimal control problem of variable-order delay system of advertising procedure: Numerical treatment
Authors: Sweilam Nasser H. , Assiri Taghreed A. , Hasan Muner M. Abou
Published: August 2021

This paper presents an optimal control problem of the general variable-order fractional delay model of advertising procedure. The problem describes the flow of the clients from the unaware people group to the conscious or bought band. The new formulation generalizes the model that proposed by Muller. Two control variables are considered to increase the number of customers who purchased the products. An efficient nonstandard difference approach is used to study numerically the behavior of the solution of the mentioned problem. Properties of the proposed system were introduced analytically and numerically. The proposed difference schema maintains the properties of the analytic solutions as boundedness and the positivity. Numerical examples, for testing the applicability of the utilized method and to show the simplicity, accuracy and efficiency of this approximation approach, are presented with some comprising with standard difference methods.
An analysis for a special class of solution of a Duffing system with variable delays
Authors: Yazgan Ramazan ,   Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematics, Van Yüzüncü Yil University, Van, Turkey
Published: August 2021

In this study, we are concerned the existence of pseudo almost automorphic (PAA) solutions and globally exponential stability of a Duffing equation system with variable delays. Some differential inequalities and the well-known Banach fixed point theorem are used for the existence and uniqueness of PAA solutions. Also, with the help of Lyapunov functions, sufficient conditions are obtained for globally exponential stability of PAA solutions. Since the PAA is more general than the almost and pseudo almost periodicity, this work is new and complementary compared to previous studies. In addition, an example is given to show the correctness of our results.
The inverse Frobenius-Perron problem: A survey of solutions to the original problem formulation
Authors: McDonald André M. ,   Defence and Security Cluster at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Mering Naude Rd., Brummeria 0184, Pretoria, South Africa, Wyk Michaël A. van , Chen Guanrong ,   School of Electrical and Information Engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Ave., Braamfontein 2000, Johannesburg, South Africa,   Department of Electrical Engineering at the City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Ave., Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
Published: August 2021

The inverse Frobenius-Perron problem (IFPP) is a collective term for a family of problems that requires the construction of an ergodic dynamical system model with prescribed statistical characteristics. Solutions to this problem draw upon concepts from ergodic theory and are scattered throughout the literature across domains such as physics, engineering, biology and economics. This paper presents a survey of the original formulation of the IFPP, wherein the invariant probability density function of the system state is prescribed. The paper also reviews different strategies for solving this problem and demonstrates several of the techniques using examples. The purpose of this survey is to provide a unified source of information on the original formulation of the IFPP and its solutions, thereby improving accessibility to the associated modeling techniques and promoting their practical application. The paper is concluded by discussing possible avenues for future work.
An image super-resolution reconstruction model based on fractional-order anisotropic diffusion equation
Authors: Yu Jimin ,   Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, College of Automation, Chongqing 400065, China, Yin Jiajun , Zhou Shangbo , Huang Saiao , Xie Xianzhong ,   Chongqing University, College of Computer Science, Chongqing 400044, China,   Chongqing Key Lab of Computer Network and Communication Technology, Chongqing 400065, China
Published: August 2021

The image denoising model based on anisotropic diffusion equation often appears the staircase effect while image denoising, and the traditional super-resolution reconstruction algorithm can not effectively suppress the noise in the image in the case of blur and serious noise. To tackle this problem, a novel model is proposed in this paper. Based on the original diffusion equation, we propose a new method for calculating the adaptive fidelity term and its coefficients, which is based on the relationship between the image gradient and the diffusion function. It is realized that the diffusion speed can be slowed down by adaptively changing the coefficient of the fidelity term, and it is proved mathematically that the proposed fractional adaptive fidelity term will not change the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the original model. At the same time, washout filter is introduced as the control item of the model, and a new model of image super-resolution reconstruction and image denoising is constructed. In the proposed model, the order of fractional differential will be determined adaptively by the local variance of the image. And we give the numerical calculation method of the new model in the frequency domain by the method of Fourier transform. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can better prevent the staircase effect and achieve better visual effect. And by introducing washout filter to act as the control of the model, the stability of the system can be improved and the system can converge to a stable state quickly.
From Face-to-Face to Digital Learning
Authors: Tzavara Dionisia , Koufopoulos Dimitrios
Published: August 2021

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, universities worldwide were forced to close their campuses and move instructional delivery to a digital mode. Many argued that this massive emergency digitalisation of instructional delivery was a major move of higher education toward online learning. However, this view overlooks considerations of pedagogy and of online learning design and delivery. Online learning is not just about uploading content to an online space or about moving all lectures online, and there is a whole theory behind designing online learning environments and delivering online learning. This chapter will discuss key theoretical considerations behind online learning design and delivery in relation to the digitalisation of higher education during COVID-19 with a view to make recommendations that will help universities design fulfilling and effective online learning and teaching experiences for their students and faculty.
It's the Mindset, Not the Technology
Authors: Cayolla Ricardo Roseira , Martín Sonsoles Martín , Malone Chris
Published: August 2021

The consulting world employs millions of people and moves billions of dollars around the world. The high number of mobile phones, coupled with the fact that more than half the world is online, leads to a new paradigm in the way we think and behave as consumers. The appearance of COVID-19 is forcing all areas to urgently rethink their educational offer. The consultancy area is not immune to this “tsunami.” Spain was one of the countries most affected by the pandemic, as well as by the measures adopted in response to COVID-19, with very serious economic, financial, and social consequences. This chapter's focus will be on Grass Roots Spain, a consulting company, and on the way it adapted its business model as a result of the pandemic crisis.
Graphene Based Polarization-Dependent Terahertz Photodetector
Authors: Li Yu Zhe
Published: August 2021

Terahertz technology can be used in sensing and communication applications. We designed a polarization-sensitive photodetector specially for Terahertz frequency based on cross-shaped graphene sheet. The shaped graphene excites localized surface plasmon which can enhance the absorption of incident light. From the Finite Difference Time Domain Solutions (FDTD), we figured out that transmission of incident light relates to the size of photodetector, polarization angle and physical properties of graphene such as chemical potential and layers. The transmission can be tuned as low as 8.3 ×10-5 when we set the size at 14×6µm and 14×5µm for two different graphene pieces and polarization angle as 0°, at room temperature. This device we designed can absorb Terahertz at a wavelength around 126 µm, which can be used in THz application applied in future high-tech communication or safety inspection.
Synthesis of the COFs: From Design Principle to Synthetic Reactions
Authors: Zhuang Shi Da
Published: August 2021

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a new category of materials and developing fast in recent years. COFs present low density, controllable porosity, and high surface area. Based on these merits, COFs have great potential in various applications, such as gas separation and storage, energy storage, catalysis, and many others. In this review, we summarize the synthesis of COFs from the aspects of design principles and synthetic reactions. In particular, we categorize the synthetic reactions of also COFs into six categories and introduce the advantages of each type of reaction. Moreover, we utilize several examples to illustrate how to construct COFs by these synthetic methods. In the end, a future perspective on the development of new synthetic methods for COFs is briefly mentioned.
Supramolecular Gels Based on Azobenzene Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Hong Ze
Published: August 2021

In the past years, azobenzene, as a common photoreactive group, has been widely used in intelligent photocontrolled supramolecular gels. In the field of biomedicine, a few supramolecular hydrogels based on azobenzene are regarded as carriers with low damage and high control in vivo due to their advantages in light response. In the environmental field, some hydrogels can also adsorb pollutants under the control of light through the interaction between host and guest. At the same time, supramolecular hydrogels based on azobenzene with multiple stimulus responses have been studied. It is difficult for most supramolecular organogels to have multiple stimulus responses simultaneously and the preparation conditions are also more complex. In this paper, I have summarized the latest research results of supramolecular hydrogels and organogels based on azobenzene in recent years so that researchers can have a deeper understanding of the preparation methods, properties and application of the supramolecular gels containing azobenzene.
Editorial Note
Authors: Priyanath H. M. S.
Published: August 2021

No abstract available
The effect of English as a Second Language (ESL) Teacher Talk in Creating Classroom Interactions
Authors: Jayalath U. D. T. L.
Published: August 2021

The success of teaching and learning depends on the way the teacher talk and the interactions that occur between teachers and students. The use of teacher talk can be considered a necessary as well as an unnecessary source in generating interactions. The study entitled ‘The effect of ESL Teacher Talk in creating classroom interaction’ has the objectives to portray the effect of ESL teacher talk in creating classroom interactions. This research employed an observation sheet, questionnaire and audio recording to reach the objectives. The categories of teacher talk existed in the classroom were discovered by using the observation sheet. Thereby, asking questions and lecturing were found as the dominant ones. The questionnaire was used to gain the students’ perceptions that supported the findings of the effects of teacher talk in which students perceived that the teacher indirectly asks many questions to involve them in the interactions. Thus, the study implies the idea that the teacher plays a major role in the classroom using the language to guide various types of functions as questioning, eliciting, explaining, giving feedback and instructions to generate inter-actions throughout the lesson. It is suggested that teachers should pay attention to their language in the process of interactions with the students to provoke more interactions in the classroom.
Impact of ultrasonography detected quadriceps calcific tendinopathy on pain and function in patients with primary knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Mortada M.A. , Kotb L.I. , Amer Y.A.
Published: August 2021

Calcific tendinopathy is most commonly seen around the shoulder joint. Only a few cases of quadriceps calcific tendinopathy (QCT) were reported. This study compares pain, function, clinical examination results, and ultrasonographic findings among primary knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients with or without ultrasonography-detected QCT. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 214 patients with knee OA. Ultrasonography (US) of knee joints was performed according to the EULAR guidelines. Kellgren-Lawrence radiographic grading was used to score OA. Pain and functional status were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), the Health Assessment Questionnaire-II (HAQ-II), and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). QCT was detected in 50 out of 428 knees (11.6%), i.e. in 46 out of 214 patients (21.49%). Most cases of QCT were detected in the following sites: 36 in the vastus lateralis (72%), 10 in the vastus intermedius (20%), and only 4 in the vastus medialis (8%). QCT was found mainly in advanced KOA stages: 44 cases of QCT were found in patients with grade 4 KOA and 6 cases in grade 3 KOA. The presence of QCT showed a statistically significant association (p<0.05) with VAS, HAQ-II, WOMAC subscales, synovitis, and effusion detected by US. In knees with ultrasound-detected QCT, ultrasonographic features of CPPD were found in 31 knees (62%). QCT was found in cases with advanced KOA and mainly with ultrasonographic findings of CPPD disease. QCT could be considered an independent poor prognostic finding regarding pain, functional activity, and response to NSAIDs.
Brachio-cervical inflammatory myopathy associated with systemic sclerosis. Case series and review of literature
Authors: Araujo C.S.R. , Miossi R. , De Souza F.H.C. , Costa M.D. , Da Silva A.M.S. , Campos E.D. , Zanoteli E. , Shinjo S.K.
Published: August 2021

This study was aimed at describing a case series of brachio-cervical inflammatory myopathy (BCIM) associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc), due to its rarity and limited coverage in published data. Another aim was to provide a literature review. We reported four cases of BCIM-SSc from our tertiary center. In addition, we researched the literature and found six articles featuring 17 patients who fit this phenotype. We pooled all cases and reported their features. Most patients were female and had limited SSc, and the median time of BCIM presentation was three years after SSc diagnosis. Asymmetric muscle involvement, scapular winging, dropped head, axial weakness, camptocormia, dysphagia, and dermatomyositis stigmas were common features. All patients had esophageal involvement. Most had positive antinuclear antibody results, a scleroderma pattern in their capillaroscopy images, elevated serum creatine phosphokinase, myopathic electrophysiology, and muscle involvement in magnetic resonance imaging. Muscle histopathological findings varied widely, but in general all showed the presence of lymphoid infiltrates, muscle atrophy, increased MHC-I expression, MAC deposits, vasculopathy, and muscle fiber necrosis. The response to immunosuppressive therapy was highly irregular. BCIM-SSc is a rare disorder that shares many similar phenotypes among the described cases, but has a highly heterogeneous response to treatment. At present, more data on the physiopathology, clinical features, and treatment is still needed.
Surveillance of the rabies-related lyssavirus, Mokola in non-volant small mammals in South Africa
Authors: McMahon William C. , Coertse Jessica , Kearney Teresa , Keith Mark , Swanepoel Lourens H. , Markotter Wanda
Published: August 2021

The reservoir host of Mokola virus (MOKV), a rabies-related lyssavirus species endemic to Africa, remains unknown. Only sporadic cases of MOKV have been reported since its first discovery in the late 1960s, which subsequently gave rise to various reservoir host hypotheses. One particular hypothesis focusing on non-volant small mammals (e.g. shrews, sengis and rodents) is buttressed by previous MOKV isolations from shrews (Crocidura sp.) and a single rodent (Lophuromys sikapusi). Although these cases were only once-off detections, it provided evidence of the first known lyssavirus species has an association with non-volant small mammals. To investigate further, retrospective surveillance was conducted in 575 small mammals collected from South Africa. Nucleic acid surveillance using a pan-lyssavirus quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay of 329 brain samples did not detect any lyssavirus ribonucleic acid (RNA). Serological surveillance using a micro-neutralisation test of 246 serum samples identified 36 serum samples that were positive for the presence of MOKV neutralising antibodies (VNAs). These serum samples were all collected from Gerbilliscus leucogaster (Bushveld gerbils) rodents from Meletse in Limpopo province (South Africa). Mokola virus infections in Limpopo province have never been reported before, and the high MOKV seropositivity of 87.80% in these gerbils may indicate a potential rodent reservoir.
A Delayed Case of Uterine Perforation with Omental Adhesions
Authors: La Stephanie , Mizia Karen , Arrage Naim , Kapurubandara Supuni
Published: August 2021

Uterine perforation is an uncommon but potential risk during all intrauterine procedures. We display a set of images from ultrasound, hysteroscopy, and laparoscopy, as well as a video from laparoscopy, pertaining to a case of uterine perforation with omental adhesions. The complication was diagnosed several months after dilatation of the cervix and curettage of the uterus following a missed miscarriage. This is a rare but serious complication following a commonly performed procedure and the case highlights the importance of investigating new symptoms even after a seemingly uncomplicated procedure.
Utilizing Telemedicine for Delivery of Postoperative Care Following Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery
Authors: Radtke Steven , Umeh Randle , Chavez Martha , Curiel Zuleika , Mendez Karla
Published: August 2021

Objectives:

Determine if patient satisfaction is greater after delivering postoperative care via telemedicine following minimally invasive gynecologic surgery.

Materials and Methods:

University-based outpatient clinic; Randomized controlled trial (Canadian Task Force classification I). Females between 18 and 60 years of age scheduled to undergo laparoscopic hysterectomy or laparoscopic excision of endometriosis were invited to participate. Eligible patients were randomized to receive postoperative care either through a traditional office visit or via telemedicine. PSQ-18 satisfaction surveys were performed by phone after the visit.

Results:

Forty-one patients were analyzed out of which 25 were in the office group and 16 in the telemedicine group. Groups were homogenous to age (41.4 vs. 43.3 p. 48), body mass index (31.9 vs. 30.6 P = 0.52), distance in miles from home (12.7 vs. 12.4 P = 0.92), and parity (P = 0.51). PSQ-18 questionnaire was scored and each category was compared between the office and telemedicine groups. When comparing medians (interquartile range), the general satisfaction and time spent with doctor categories were significantly higher in the telemedicine group (4.0 [4.0, 4.5] vs. 4.5 [4.5, 5.0] P = 0.05), (4.0 [4.0, 4.5] vs. 4.5 [4.0, 5.0] P = 0.05). The remainder of the categories analyzed were not different between groups Technical Quality (4.0 [3.8, 4.5] vs. 4.5 [3.9, 5.0] P = 0.13), Interpersonal Manner (4.0 [4.0, 4.5] vs. 4.5 [4.0, 5.0] P = 0.34), Communication (4.5 [4.0, 4.5] vs. 4.5 [4.3, 5.0] P = 0.21), Accessibility and Convenience (4.0 [3.5, 4.5] v 4.0 [3.6, 4.5] P = 0.84). A chart review was performed, examining the first 30 days after surgery. One (4%) patient in the office group went to the ER after postoperative visit, and 0 in the telemedicine group (P = 0.42).

Conclusion:

Postoperative care via telemedicine after gynecologic surgery results in higher patient satisfaction.