bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the selection of nasotracheal tube diameter based on the patient’s sex or size of the nasal airway: A prospective observational study
Authors: Kim Hye Jin , Roh Yunho , Yun Soon Young , Park Wyun Kon , Kim Ha Yan , Lee Min Ho , Kim Hyun Joo
Published: March 2021

When selecting the nasotracheal tube diameter for nasotracheal intubation, atraumatic introduction of the tube through the nasal passage and a safe location of the tube’s cuff and tip should be ensured simultaneously. To maintain safety margin for the tube’s cuff and tip from the vocal cords and carina (2 cm and 3 cm, respectively), the maximum allowable proximal-cuff-to-tip distance was calculated as 5 cm less than the measured vocal cords-to-carina distance. The primary aim of this study was to find a single predictive preoperative factor of the nostril size and maximum allowable proximal-cuff-to-tip distance of nasotracheal tubes. The secondary aim was to compare the difference in the safety margin between the maximum allowable proximal-cuff-to-tip distance based on the patient’s airway and the actual proximal-cuff-to-tip distance of the selected tube. We used fiberoptic bronchoscope to measure the distance from the vocal cords to the carina for the calculation of the maximum allowable proximal-cuff-to-tip distance. We analyzed the association of preoperative characteristics such as age, sex, height, and weight with the nostril size and maximum allowable proximal-cuff-to-tip distance. The proportion of patients with appropriate locations of both the cuff and tip was evaluated. Sex and height were significant predictive factors of the nostril size and maximum allowable proximal-cuff-to-tip distance, respectively (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0048). The difference in the safety margin was significantly decreased when the tube diameter was selected based on the nostril size rather than by sex (p<0.0001). The proportion of patients who had the appropriate cuff/tip location was significantly larger (75.2%) when the tube diameter was selected by sex compared to when it was selected by the nostril size (65%) (p<0.0001). It is more suitable to select the nasotracheal tube diameter based on sex rather than by nostril size to ensure the safe location of the tube’s cuff and tip simultaneously.
JMJD6 negatively regulates cytosolic RNA induced antiviral signaling by recruiting RNF5 to promote activated IRF3 K48 ubiquitination
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Qi , Yang Fan , Zhu Zixiang , Duan Yueyue , Yang Yang , Cao Weijun , Zhang Keshan , Ma Junwu , Liu Xiangtao , Zheng Haixue
Published: March 2021

The negative regulation of antiviral immune responses is essential for the host to maintain homeostasis. Jumonji domain-containing protein 6 (JMJD6) was previously identified with a number of functions during RNA virus infection. Upon viral RNA recognition, retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors (RLRs) physically interact with the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and activate TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) to induce type-I interferon (IFN-I) production. Here, JMJD6 was demonstrated to reduce type-I interferon (IFN-I) production in response to cytosolic poly (I:C) and RNA virus infections, including Sendai virus (SeV) and Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Genetic inactivation of JMJD6 enhanced IFN-I production and impaired viral replication. Our unbiased proteomic screen demonstrated JMJD6 contributes to IRF3 K48 ubiquitination degradation in an RNF5-dependent manner. Mice with gene deletion of JMJD6 through piggyBac transposon-mediated gene transfer showed increased VSV-triggered IFN-I production and reduced susceptibility to the virus. These findings classify JMJD6 as a negative regulator of the host’s innate immune responses to cytosolic viral RNA.
ADAM17 is an essential attachment factor for classical swine fever virus
Authors: Yuan Fei , Li Dandan , Li Changyao , Zhang Yanan , Song Hao , Li Suhua , Deng Hongkui , Gao George F. , Zheng Aihua
Published: March 2021

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is an important pathogen in the swine industry. Virion attachment is mediated by envelope proteins Erns and E2, and E2 is indispensable. Using a pull-down assay with soluble E2 as the bait, we demonstrated that ADAM17, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17, is essential for CSFV entry. Loss of ADAM17 in a permissive cell line eliminated E2 binding and viral entry, but compensation with pig ADAM17 cDNA completely rescued these phenotypes. Similarly, ADAM17 silencing in primary porcine fibroblasts significantly impaired virus infection. In addition, human and mouse ADAM17, which is highly homologous to pig ADAM17, also mediated CSFV entry. The metalloproteinase domain of ADAM17 bound directly to E2 protein in a zinc-dependent manner. A surface exposed region within this domain was mapped and shown to be critical for CSFV entry. These findings clearly demonstrate that ADAM17 serves as an essential attachment factor for CSFV.
Using autopoiesis to discover the birth of fashion
Authors: Lewis Van Dyk
Published: March 2021

How personal and social fashion might be formed at a nascent level is detectable in the Mursi and Omo people. These groups remained within the African continent after its post-Pangaea formation; the Mursi and Omo have retained practices and beliefs that hitherto have not been considered critical to the formation of fashion. Fashion scholarship has followed a limited version of history that permeates museology, teaching and fashion design. Its impetus responds to the idea that fashion was formed in Bruges, Belgium, during the birth of capitalism, between 1280 and 1390. Clothes created before 1280 in non-European settings has generally been regarded as costume, hence the epistemological gap that stymies an inclusivity scholarship. This development has ramifications for a reconsideration of when the historical gaze commences, and where geographically it falls. Indeed, fashion is reconsidered to be inordinately autochthonous. This is an examination of post-structuralism as applied to a visual system via human presentation and social autopoiesis, a system that reproduces itself and does so without requiring external operations for the system for continuation. The activity of fashion visualized is examined as a claim of a live system that stresses the study of the individual and the group as an activity for self-actualization. The relative freedom in which the Mursi and Omo peoples of Ethiopia create fashion is discussed as opposed to the lack of autonomy available to formal fashion designers working in the West and particularly those being trained and educated in fashion schools. This article refutes Barthesian concepts of fashion for three reasons. First, Barthes grounded his scope within the venture of the fashion industrial complex and its profit agenda, served by mechanisms such as fashion photography, advertising and promotion. Second, Barthes’ work concerns an exposition of semiotics where fashion is merely the subject of containment. Lastly, the establishment of fashion is a creative act concerning the human body, since no evidence can be proffered to decipher which came first – human making marks on the land, trees or cave walls, or mark-making on live human skin. I proceed with the idea that the Omo provide a glimpse of the birth of fashion in that they make the step of distancing themselves from nature by re-creating themselves as objectified and in the world.
Dressed in Dreams: A Black Girl’s Love Letter to the Power of Fashion, Tanisha C. Ford (2019)
Authors: Lenoir Lisa D.
Published: March 2021

Review of: Dressed in Dreams: A Black Girl’s Love Letter to the Power of Fashion, Tanisha C. Ford (2019)

New York: St Martin’s Press, 256 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-25017-353-9, h/bk, $27.99
El bienestar de los universitarios durante el confinamiento por COVID-19
Authors: Gil Villa Fernando , Urchaga Litago José David , Sánchez Fernández Adrián
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los hábitos de los estudiantes universitarios durante el confinamiento que se produjo entre marzo y mayo de 2020 en relación al bienestar y el uso del tiempo libre. Para ello se han entrevistado a 911 de 43 universidades españolas entre mayo y junio del mismo año.

El sentimiento vital tira a la baja. La tristeza y la ansiedad parece haber hecho más mella en las mujeres. Aquellos que se han pasado el confinamiento en las grandes ciudades confiesan un mayor sentimiento de soledad. El consumo de alcohol más popular no parece haberse disparado durante la cuarentena –menos de un 10% la habría consumido casi a diario o a diario-. Tampoco el tabaco –el 82,2% no fuma- o el cannabis –el 92,3% afirma no haberlo probado durante este periodo-.

El 69,7% ha leído un solo libro o ninguno. Como media, han visto 13,4 horas de series o películas a la carta, frente a 5 horas de informativos. De los datos se podría deducir cierta asociación, en la línea de otros estudios, entre el mayor consumo de alcohol y el mayor visionado de series. Quienes prefieren el género de “animación” parecen temer menos al virus que los que prefieren los documentales.
THE MIDWIFE: A NARRATIVE, FEMINIST METAPHOR FOR PASTORAL AND SELF-CARE DURING COVID-19
Authors:   The Institute for Creative Conversation, Dickson Nicole
Published: March 2021

This article explores the metaphor of midwife as a statement of position for supporting pastoral and self-care during Covid-19 times. It weaves collabora-tive threads of narrative therapy, feminism, and pastoral theology to explore meaning-making, the importance of stories, metaphors, and “voice” using the familiar language of pregnancy, namely “expectancy,” “labour pains,” and “birth.” It seeks to offer a compassionate space for bearing witness to the effects of the pandemic on therapists and the people we encounter.
Job, career or calling: a qualitative exploration of the meaning of work among Brazilian undergraduate architecture students
Authors: Grillo Pedro Moreira , Almeira Daniel Pereira de , Silva Édison Renato Pereira da
Published: March 2021

Goal: To explore the relationship between different motivations and expectations and attributed meanings of work: as a job, career or calling.

Design / Methodology / Approach: A survey with 82 undergraduate architecture and urbanism students was carried out, using with two seminal meaning of work questionnaires. Results were analyzed qualitatively.

Results: (i) It is viable to analyze work as a job, career or calling; (ii) most of the interviewees (90%) faces work as something more than a job; (iii) It was shown that each subgroup has different motivations; (iv) It was also demonstrated that this subject is perceived as of great relevance for young people.

Limitations of the investigation: Samples (size and subgroup) and qualitative analyses of the results were the major limitations. Therefore, bigger samples and different interviewees could increase validity of results.

Practical implications: For organizations, the human resources department could add strategies about work perception on the employee hiring process. For individuals, the awareness of multiple meanings of work could be helpful in changing personal insights that influence careers and wellness.

Originality / Value: The paper brings unprecedent approach and has some contributions to the field, such as: questionnaires translations and their use combined for the first time, besides the sample choice, which has also never been addressed before with this approach.
Ageism and perceptions of vulnerability: Framing of Age during the during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Schnell Frauke , McConatha Jasmin Tahmaseb , Magnarelli Jaqueline , Broussard Jordan
Published: March 2021

Media representations of the Covid-19 pandemic and its devastating consequences have shaped people’s fears, anxiety, and perceptions of vulnerability. Social scientists have examined the consequences of how information is “framed.” Framing theory asserts that issues can be portrayed differently by emphasizing or de-emphasizing aspects and information. According to Lakoff (2004) the impact of a message is not based on what is said but how it is said. Theories of framing focus on how the media frames issues, which then structure and shape attitudes and policies. A news article serves as a frame for an intended message. This paper examines the ways that “age” has been framed during the Covid-19 pandemic. One of the most dominant frames in terms of COVID-19 coverage is how the pandemic has been analyzed through the lens of age and framed in terms of age discrimination.  The results of news articles appearing in several prominent newspapers indicate that the perceptions of elders and their vulnerabilities to severe consequences from Covid-19 are likely to help perpetuate or create age discrimination.
Emotion recognition using time–frequency ridges of EEG signals based on multivariate synchrosqueezing transform
Authors: Mert Ahmet , Celik Hasan Huseyin
Published: March 2021

The feasibility of using time–frequency (TF) ridges estimation is investigated on multi-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for emotional recognition. Without decreasing accuracy rate of the valence/arousal recognition, the informative component extraction with low computational cost will be examined using multivariate ridge estimation. The advanced TF representation technique called multivariate synchrosqueezing transform (MSST) is used to obtain well-localized components of multi-channel EEG signals. Maximum-energy components in the 2D TF distribution are determined using TF-ridges estimation to extract instantaneous frequency and instantaneous amplitude, respectively. The statistical values of the estimated ridges are used as a feature vector to the inputs of machine learning algorithms. Thus, component information in multi-channel EEG signals can be captured and compressed into low dimensional space for emotion recognition. Mean and variance values of the five maximum-energy ridges in the MSST based TF distribution are adopted as feature vector. Properties of five TF-ridges in frequency and energy plane (e.g., mean frequency, frequency deviation, mean energy, and energy deviation over time) are computed to obtain 20-dimensional feature space. The proposed method is performed on the DEAP emotional EEG recordings for benchmarking, and the recognition rates are yielded up to 71.55, and 70.02% for high/low arousal, and high/low valence, respectively.
Effect of pyrolysis temperature on volatile products from hazelnut shells: products characteristics and antioxidant activity assessment of liquid products
Authors: Zhao Chenxi , Xing Yupeng , Lv Wei , Chen Juhui , Liu Xiaogang , Chen Aihui , Liu Xianli
Published: March 2021

It is being considered to pyrolyze lignin-rich biomass samples (hazelnut shells, HSs) into bio-fuels and chemicals to solve energy shortages and environmental concerns, volatile products (including liquid products and gas products) were produced and characterized from HSs pyrolysis at 400–1000 °C. With the temperature increases, the maximum output of liquid products was up to 35.79% produced at 700 °C, gas products yields increased from 21.82 to 55.46%. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS) study indicated that liquid products from HSs riched in phenolic compounds, exceed 42% of liquid products and increased as the temperature rises. The application experiment showed that HSs liquid products had a significant role in antioxidant activity, and revealed that not limited to phenols, all compounds containing phenolic hydroxyl structure act as antioxidant. Composition analysis of gas products showed that more combustible gases were produced at the higher temperature, resulted in the significant increase in gas products higher heating value (HHV) from 6.21 to 24.36 MJ/kg.
CFD-DEM simulation of particle coating process coupled with chemical reaction flow model
Authors: Chen Meng , Chen Zhao , Tang Yaping , Liu Malin
Published: March 2021

Particle coating process, one of the main methods to improve the particle properties, is widely used in industrial production and pharmaceutical industry. For the scale up and optimization of this process, a mechanistic and detailed study is needed or numerical simulation as an alternative way. Decomposition of substances usually involves multiple chemical reactions and produces multiple substances in the actual chemical reaction. In the study, a chemical reaction flow (CRF) model has been established based on kinetic mechanism of elementary reaction, the theory of molecular thermodynamics and the sweep theory. It was established with the comprehensive consideration of the decomposition of substances, deposition process, adhesion process, desorption process, hydrogen inhibition, and clearance effect. Then the CFD-DEM model was coupled with CRF model to simulate particle coating process by FB-CVD method, and the CFD-DEM-CRF coupling model was implemented in the software Fluent-EDEM with their user definition function (UDF) and application programming interface (API). The coating process in the spouted bed was analyzed in detail and the coating behavior under different conditions were compared at the aspects of CVD rate, coating efficiency, particle concentration distribution, particle mixing index and gas concentration distribution. It is found that the average CVD rate is 6.06 × 10−4 mg/s when the inlet gas velocity is 11 m/s and bed temperature is 1273 K, and simulation result agrees with the experimental result well. Average CVD rate and coating efficiency increase with temperature increasing, but decrease acutely with mass fraction of injected hydrogen increasing. The CFD-DEM-CRF coupling model can be developed as a basic model for investigating particle coating process in detail and depth and can provide some guidance for the operating conditions and parameters design of the spouted bed in the real coating process.
Numerical study of gas–liquid two-phase flow and noise characteristics for a water injection launching concentric canister launcher
Authors: Zou Huajie , Yang Fengbo , Cai Fuhai , Shi Qiongyan
Published: March 2021

In view of the poor thermodynamic environment problem of the self-powered launch of land-based concentric canister launcher (CCL), the launching scheme of injecting water at the bottom of launching tube is adopted to improve the thermodynamic environment of the launching system fundamentally. The solution program for liquid water vaporization is compiled and embedded into the homogeneous gas–liquid two-phase flow model, the source phase corrections of the momentum equation and the energy equation are also performed, and then the three-dimensional gas–liquid two-phase fluid dynamics model is established for the land-based CCL; analysis shows that the improvement of the thermal environment of the 35° and 45° water injection schemes is more better among these schemes. So coupling the mixture model, vaporization program and FW–H (Ffowcs Williams Hawkings) noise model, the noise distribution law in the bottom of the launcher cube for 35 and 45 water injection angles is discussed; in the intermediate frequency range, the −45° water injection scheme is about 2–10 dB higher than the noise signal of the −30° water injection scheme. Finally, it is recommended to optimize the overall thermal environment of the CCL by using the −30° preferred water injection scheme with both cooling effect and noise control.
Mechanical, Interfacial and Thermal Properties of Silica Aerogel-Infused Flax/Epoxy Composites
Authors: Shahroze R. M. , Chandrasekar M. , Senthilkumar K. , Senthil Muthu Kumar T. , Ishak M. R. , Rajini N. , Siengchin Suchart , Ismail S. O.
Published: March 2021

The mechanical, interfacial and thermal properties of a flax/ epoxy composite incorporated with a silica aerogel (SA) at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 wt.% were examined in this work. A set of maximum enhancements of 8.7%, 9.0% and 24.0% in the impact, inter-laminar shear strength (ILSS) and compressive strengths were achieved by adding 0.5 wt.% SA into the flax/epoxy composites. Also, the results obtained from dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicated that the damping characteristics, peak tan delta and peak loss modulus improved at all filler concentrations, while the glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased slightly. Features of SA such as biodegradability, ability to improve the mechanical properties as observed in this work and enhanced damping characteristics make them suitable for application in machine parts requiring impact resistance and vibration damping characteristics.
Research and application progress of lignin-based composite membrane
Authors: Li Youjing , Li Fen , Yang Ying , Ge Baocai , Meng Fanzhu
Published: March 2021

In view of the serious environmental pollution, which is the greatest problem the world is facing, and the continuous consumption of raw materials, it is imminent to search for green and sustainable resources. Lignin is an organic polymer that exists widely in nature, and if it can be transformed from traditional low-value waste product with low range of applications to functional materials with high application prospects, it can be of great significance to alleviate environmental pollution and shortage of fossil resources. One of the functional applications of lignin involves its use to fabricate composite with other polymeric materials, which can then be used to prepare membrane materials. This review summarizes the recent research and application progress of combining lignin with polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, starch, cellulose, chitosan, and other polymeric materials to prepare composite membranes; and summarizes the future development direction of lignin-based composite membranes. We hope this review may provide a new perspective to the understanding of lignin-based composite membranes and a useful reference for future research.
A critical review of the variation in rainwater acidity in 24 Chinese cities during 1982–2018
Authors: Qu Rui , Han Guilin
Published: March 2021

Rainwater is an essential pathway to remove fine particulate matter and dissolved atmospheric pollutants (e.g., SO2, HNO3, and NH3). Acid rain (pH < 5.6) has been a severe environmental issue in China since the 1970s, adversely impacting ecosystem health. This study focuses on the influence of anthropogenically induced anions (SO42– and NO3–) and alkaline cations (Ca2+ and NH4+) on acid rain in Chinese cities. In this review, cities with high population density east of the Hu Huanyong Line that divides China geographically according to its uneven economic development were studied. Coastal and central areas of China to the east of the line are characterized by a much faster developing economy and rapid urbanization. The observed trends and spatial variability of acidity and chemical composition in rainwater are discussed in relation to industrialization and environmental changes in China. Over the past 3½ decades, the precipitation pH in the urban regions has exhibited reduced acidity. A mixed nitric–sulfuric acid rain type has become prominent due to the significant decrease in SO42– via desulfurization. Ca2+ levels have decreased, while NH4+ has increased slightly due to more vehicular transportation. In addition, the neutralization capacity of Ca2+ and NH4+ has decreased from north to south. Overall, the acid rain problem in Chinese cities has been alleviated in recent years.
Fever of unknown origin as the major manifestation of subacute thyroiditis
Authors: Housin Ahmad , Pusztaszeri Marc P , Tamilia Michael
Published: March 2021

Fever of unknown origin is a commonly encountered medical problem. Most common causes include infections, malignancy, and connective tissue diseases. Endocrine causes are rare but are well documented. While fever is common in some endocrine disorders, fever of unknown origin as the sole presenting feature is very rare. We describe a case report of a 63-year-old male who presents with fever of unknown origin. Imaging and biopsy results confirmed the diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis. He was started on prednisone with a good response. We conclude that subacute thyroiditis should be considered in the work up of fever of unknown origin even in the absence of classical signs and symptoms.

Learning points:

Fever of unknown origin is a rare sole presentation of subacute thyroiditis.

The classic signs and symptoms may not be manifest at the time of presentation.

Normal thyroid function tests and elevated markers of inflammation often make infections, malignancy and autoinflammatory conditions the prime consideration.

Imaging of the thyroid gland may point to a morphologic aberration and prompt a thyroid biopsy.

After exclusion of infection, a rapid response to steroids may be both diagnostic and therapeutic.
Vascular Complications of Transradial Access for Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: Riangwiwat Tanawan , Blankenship James C
Published: March 2021

Transradial access has been increasingly adopted for cardiac catheterization. It is crucial for operators to recognize potential vascular complications associated with radial artery access. Prevention, early detection, and prompt treatment of vascular complications are essential to prevent serious morbidities. This review aims to raise awareness of transradial access vascular complications. Radial artery spasm is treated with intra-arterial verapamil and/or nitroglycerine. Hemorrhagic complications, such as perforation, hematoma, arteriovenous fistula, and pseudoaneurysm, are treated with prolonged compression. Patent hemostasis and adequate anticoagulation are used to prevent radial artery occlusion. Hand ischemia is a rare complication not associated with abnormal results of the Allen or Barbeau test, and can be treated with intra-arterial verapamil, IV heparin, and IV diltiazem. Finally, an attentive monitoring protocol for the timely detection of vascular complications should be implemented in daily practice.
Reorganización de la rehabilitación basada en comunidad frente al COVID-19
Authors: Martínez Correa Denys Alexandra , Valenzuela-Cazés Alejandra
Published: March 2021

La crisis sanitaria mundial que enfrenta el mundo debido al COVID-19 tiene como característica principal que afecta la población más vulnerable. La principal vía de contagio de esta enfermedad es la transmisión aérea debido al contacto social.Los países adoptaron una serie de intervenciones focalizadas para mitigar las consecuencias derivadas de esta pandemia e impactar significativamente en el bienestar de las personas. No obstante, se deben fortalecer acciones que favorezcan la capacidad resolutiva en el primer nivel de atención, especialmente, en poblaciones de alta vulnerabilidad, entre ellas, las personas en situación de discapacidad, cuyas circunstancias tienden a complicarse.La rehabilitación basada en comunidad ha sido una estrategia de gran impacto social que integra una serie de factores tanto individuales como colectivos. La eficacia y efectividad de la participación intersectorial, comunitaria y de los Gobiernos locales, así como la gestión de los diferentes agentes comunitarios para darle continuidad a los procesos de atención en salud son pertinentes para amortiguar situaciones de alta complejidad que alteran, en mayor medida, el bienestar de todas las personas. Además, contribuyen a potencializar acciones para gestionar el sistema de salud.
Persistent Idiopathic Dentoalveolar Pain. Literature Review and Clinical Case Treated with Intraoral Application of Botulinum Toxin
Authors: Cervantes-Chavarría Andrés R.
Published: March 2021

Persistent Idiopathic   Dentoalveolar Pain (PIDAP) is an orofacial neuropathic pain, which can be difficult to diagnose and is usually accompanied by increasing anxiety from both the patient and the treating dentist. A case of a 38-year-old female patient is presented, and it is shown the diagnostic process and therapeutic approach. The interdisciplinary management accompanied by several pharmacological lines is highlighted: Botulinum toxin was used as an adjunctive treatment allowing it to decrease systemically administered medications dosing and therefore its possible side effects. This condition usually affects psychosocial aspects of the patient and has a major impact on his quality of life. It is very important before initiating an invasive clinical treatment, obtaining a clear differential diagnosis and assessing in some cases the presence of non-odontogenic pain, such as PIDAP.
Gradient and lamellar heterostructures for superior mechanical properties
Authors: Wu Xiaolei , Zhu Yuntian
Published: March 2021

Heterostructured (HS) materials are a novel class of materials with mechanical properties that are superior over their conventional homogeneous counterparts. They are composed of HS zones with a dramatic difference in mechanical behaviors, which produces a synergistic effect on mechanical properties that are above the prediction by the rule-of-mixtures. Among all heterostructures, the two most studied are grain-size gradient structure and heterolamellar structure. These two heterostructures produce typical heterogeneous deformation during tensile deformation, producing long-range back stress in the soft zones and forward stress in the hard zones, which collectively produces hetero deformation-induced (HDI) stress to enhance the yield strength before yielding, and HDI hardening after yielding to retain ductility. In this article, we will focus on these two types of heterostructures. The issues, concerns, and progress are reviewed with the emphasis on the synergistic effect of mechanical properties, the fundamentals of several special plastic behaviors (e.g., strain gradient, HDI hardening and strain hardening), the plastic deformation mechanism, and the relationship between the microstructure and properties.
Who really creates the place brand? Considering the role of user generated content in creating and communicating a place identity
Authors: Skinner Heather
Published: March 2021

This paper explores online and social media users’ contributions to place identity creation, challenging the role and importance of various actors in the place brand identity and place brand image formation process.

Findings arise from a content analysis of 149 separate photographs of a unique event that takes place on the Greek island of Corfu as part of the Orthodox Easter festival. Findings are also informed by autoethnographic reflexivity from the researcher’s own participation in and observation of the event, and 84 images from the researcher’s own photographic record of the event.

Comparisons are drawn between social media users’ images and those communicated by the local Municipality through 7 relevant images reproduced in the official Easter on Corfu brochure.

The images uploaded by social media users were not vastly different in terms of content from those of the local authority, and were also similar to those taken by the researcher. Perhaps it may be time for place branders to not only voluntarily give up their perceptions of control over at least part of the identity formation process and encourage contributions from wider stakeholders, but to no longer perceive them as mere consumers of the brand, but also as its co-creators. However, this will require another shift in academic understanding of place brand identity and place brand image, which may be difficult to achieve considering that there has only recently been reached a certain level of agreement within the extant literature about the various definitions of terms associated with these constructs.
Soil losses in the State of Rondônia, Brazil
Authors: Lense Guilherme Henrique Expedito , Parreiras Taya Cristo , Spalevic Velibor , Avanzi Junior Cesar , Mincato Ronaldo Luiz
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT: In the state of Rondônia, deforestation, and inadequate soil use and management have intensified the water erosion process, causing degradation of agricultural land. Modeling is a tool that can assist in the adoption of targeted and effective measures for soil and water conservation in the region. In this context, the objective of the research was to model soil losses due to water erosion in the state of Rondônia using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). The parameters related to rain erosivity, relief, erodibility, and soil cover, as well as the conservation practices of the state of Rondônia, were considered. The modeling steps were performed with the aid of the Geographic Information System. Results were validated with data of total sediments transported with water discharge. The estimated total soil loss was about 605 million tons per year, corresponding to an average loss of 22.50 Mg ha-1 year-1. In 19% of the state, the erosion rate was higher than the soil loss tolerance(T), and these areas should be prioritized for adopting measures to mitigate the erosion process. The RUSLE underestimated the generation of sediments at 0.56 Mg ha-1 year-1, which corresponds to an error of 18.60%. Results obtained can assist in the development of different soil use and management scenarios and provide options for policymakers to encourage soil conservation in the state of Rondônia.
Últimos poemas na terra
Authors: Natali Marcos
Published: March 2021

Resumo: Com foco em diferentes modos de pensar o porvir e o fim, este trabalho analisa a mudança de escala em despedidas que ganharam forma em certa produção cultural recente. Partindo de poemas de Roberto Bolaño e do filme Melancholia de Lars von Trier, o artigo sugere que a atenção renovada à finitude e à mortalidade teve efeitos variados sobre a experiência temporal, levando a reações que vão da apreciação da lentidão à vontade de aceleração, incluindo a incitação à destruição. Há ainda, ao longo do trabalho, uma consideração da persistência de antagonismos de diferentes tipos no interior da experiência de antecipação da catástrofe, por mais que muitas representações culturais prefiram imaginar a ameaça como generalizada. Ao final, antes de terminar, revisita-se o problema do fim do poema.
Perspectivas sobre a “Terra sem Mal” na poesia contemporânea
Authors: Leal Izabela
Published: March 2021

Resumo Os fenômenos de criação e destruição da terra fazem parte da complexa cosmologia Guarani, que foi registrada no livro As lendas da criação e destruição do mundo como fundamentos da religião dos Apapocúva-Guarani, do etnólogo Curt Nimuendaju. Essa visão cataclísmica do mundo leva-os a crer que a terra que hoje conhecemos poderia ser novamente destruída. Em contrapartida, existiria a Yvy marã’ey, uma terra indestrutível, cuja localização é desconhecida, o que em parte explicaria o comportamento migratório dos Guarani. Traduzido como “Terra sem mal”, o termo Yvy marã’ey parece apontar para um caráter utópico e messiânico, tema que será retomado por vários poetas contemporâneos, tais como Sophia de Mello Breyner, Josely Vianna Baptista e Waldo Motta. Este artigo pretende discutir em que medida, ao encenarem um diálogo com a cultura indígena, esses poetas elaboram também uma crítica do presente.
El arte y la poesía de Mercedes Resch ante la amenaza histórica de la gran sequía
Authors: Rasic María Eugenia
Published: March 2021

Resumen Este artículo se propone indagar las relaciones entre arte, poesía, tierra, paisaje y territorio a partir de las piezas visuales de la artista, poeta y docente Mercedes Resch, habitante de Cura Malal, un pueblo rural de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, firme testigo geográfico e histórico del largo proceso de modernización nacional que, desde comienzos del siglo XX hasta su actual presente neoliberal, ha expuesto a la tierra de ese lugar a una violenta campaña patriarcal de desertificación. La obra de Mercedes Resch nos permitirá recorrer, por el contrario, un paisaje repleto de formas de vida latente que resisten permanentemente a la amenaza histórica de la gran sequía.
Depois, o começo: a literatura e o vazio
Authors: Giorgi Artur de Vargas
Published: March 2021

Resumo Este texto, escrito ao modo de cenas de leitura, aborda narrativas que problematizam a questão do começo. O foco analítico está no caráter aporético que articula o começo (da vida, da experiência, do sentido) com a linguagem. Trata-se de um problema temporal, por certo, mas igualmente ontológico e, afinal, político. O que emerge da leitura crítica dessas cenas literárias inaugurais é o fundamento ausente que nos constitui, individual e coletivamente.
De países otros: (re)invenciones poéticas del territorio
Authors: Maccioni Franca
Published: March 2021

Resumen El presente trabajo busca indagar en los modos como se inventa un territorio bajo la figuración de un país. En este sentido, se exploran los procedimientos que despliega Sarmiento en su invención del Delta del Paraná argentino y se constatan los desvíos que proponen las poéticas de J. L Ortiz y Madariaga respecto de los relatos de fundación del s. XIX. Para realizarlo se convocan, principalmente, las propuestas teóricas de Derrida, Virno y F. Rodríguez.
RELIABILITY OF A SIMPLE NOVEL FIELD TEST FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF PLANTAR FLEXOR MUSCLE STRENGTH
Authors: Majstorović Nikola , Nešić Goran , Grbić Vladimir , Savić Zoran , Živković Milena , Aničić Zdravko , Marković Stefan , Dopsaj Milivoj
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction When a person is in a standing position, the plantar flexor muscles are involved in most static and dynamic body movements. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the trial to trial and factorial reliability of measuring the contractile characteristics of PF muscles using a simple novel field test. Methods The sample consisted of 452 healthy subjects, 120 male and 332 female. The research was conducted by means of the trial to trial testing method, using isometric dynamometry performed in field conditions. ANOVA was used to estimate the differences among the trials, Cronbach’s alpha and interclass correlation to estimate the correlations among the trials, and principal component analysis to evaluate the contribution of each trial to overall variability. Results The main findings of this study are that trials differed significantly (p<0.000) for maximal force (Fmax) and maximal rate of force development (RFDmax), indicating that the three procedural trials were necessary. The trials were highly correlated (Fmax, RFDmax, r>0.9), proving that measuring was reliable, and the factorial analysis separated the second and third trials, the second trial accounting for most of the total variability. Conclusions The simple novel field test for the measurement of plantar flexor contractile characteristics recommended by this study proved to be as highly reliable as laboratory testing, but was easy to perform in conditions outside of scientific or diagnostic institutions, which greatly facilitates the work of scientists, coaches and professionals. Level of Evidence II; Diagnostic Studies – Investigating a diagnostics test.
EFFECTS OF BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION IN LARGE AND SMALL MUSCLE GROUPS
Authors: Clael Sacha , Barros Matheus , Leite Mateus Medeiros , Dutra Maurílio Tiradentes , Landim Gleyverton , Dantas Renata Aparecida Elias , Mota Márcio Rabelo
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction It is known that strength training brings improvements in health and sports performance by causing muscle hypertrophy and increased strength, as well as modifying some hemodynamic and physiological factors. Several strength training methodologies have been developed, one of which is vascular occlusion. There are few studies with large muscle groups due to poor adherence to the training style and the fact that vascular occlusion of large muscle groups is more difficult. Objective To verify and compare the hemodynamic effects of exercise with and without vascular occlusion in different muscle groups. Methods Quantitative crossover study, with cross-sectional and field procedures. The sample consisted of 10 physically active healthy male and female subjects between 18 and 30 years of age. With the cross-over design, all the volunteers participated in 3 groups: intervention with vascular occlusion, intervention without vascular occlusion and the control group. Results Overall, lactate and cholesterol remained elevated after 15 minutes of recovery and blood glucose and blood pressure did not vary among the groups. Conclusion Vascular occlusion training is an effective method for manipulating hemodynamic variables. Evidence level II; Clinical study.
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DURING ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENT RECESS
Authors: Galaviz Uriel Zúñiga , González Rubén Vélez , Arvizuo Jaime Guereca , Meneses Edson Francisco Estrada , Samaniego Cesar Villalobos , Domínguez Iván de Jesús Toledo , Gutiérrez Arturo Osorio
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction The association between socioeconomic status (SES) and the level of physical activity (PA) at school has not been studied at length. Objective To describe the association between SES and the intensity of physical activity during recess in elementary school children as well as the space dedicated to physical activity. Methods A total of 212 children (110 boys and 102 girls) who were enrolled in the fourth, fifth and sixth grade of elementary school at the time participated in this study. The subjects were divided into 4 levels according to the marginalization index (MI). The geographical location of the schools and the available area were calculated using Google Maps Pro (GMP) software.1 Physical activity level was measured using accelerometry.2 Comparisons of different levels of PA with respect to marginalization indices and sex were investigated using one-way analysis of variance. The association between health variables and PA was determined through the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results Results indicated that the level and intensity of PA during recess are associated with socioeconomic status and the social marginalization index, as well as sex, age, and infrastructure. Conclusion The higher the level of social marginalization, the lower the level of PA and the smaller the space dedicated to PA. Level of Evidence III; Comparative retrospective study.
THE EFFECTS OF BASKETBALL AND SOCCER TRAINING ON ARTERIAL STIFFNESS
Authors: Saka Tolga , Sekir Ufuk , Dogan Ali , Akkurt Soner , Karakus Mehmet
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT Objective The purpose of this study was to examine arterial stiffness in elite basketball and soccer athletes by pulse wave velocity. Methods The cohort comprised 35 healthy male volunteers aged 17 to 26 years. All the subjects were either basketball players (n=9), soccer players (n=12) or sedentary controls (n=14). Arterial stiffness was measured by the Pulse Trace System (Micro Medical Ltd., Rochester, UK) and echocardiographic images were taken using a commercially available machine (Vivid 7 GE-Vingmed, Horten, Norway) with a 2.5 MHz transducer. Results The basketball players had significantly higher heights and body weights as compared to both the soccer players and the controls. The aortic elastic properties derived from the echocardiographic measurements did not differ between the groups. The peripheral pulse wave velocity measurements showed significantly lower values both in the basketball and soccer players compared to the controls, whereas the central pulse wave velocity measurement was significantly lower only in the basketball players as compared to the controls. No significant difference was seen between the basketball and soccer players. Conclusions The results of this study show that football and basketball exercises comprised of aerobic, anaerobic, endurance balance-coordination and sport-specific training play a role in reducing arterial stiffness. Level of evidence I; type of study: prognostic study.
COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR EVALUATING UPPER LIMB STRENGTH BY HAND-HELD DYNAMOMETRY
Authors: Nepomuceno Júnior Balbino Rivail Ventura , Menezes Manoela Porto dos Santos , Santos Kamilla Ribeiro Bastos dos , Gomes Neto Mansueto
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction The upper limbs are segments of the human body responsible for primary activities of daily life, and the muscles are essential structures for performing these activities. There have been few studies on intra- and inter-examiner reliability of the hand-held dynamometer (HHD) in healthy subjects, and none have been published that compare dynamometric evaluation methods in the main muscles in this segment. Objective Evaluate intra-examiner and inter-examiner assessment reliability of the hand-held dynamometry of upper limb muscles in healthy individuals, as well as comparing the assessment reliability between fixed and non-fixed methods. Methods Healthy subjects aged over 18 years were recruited for the study. The isometric contraction for ten muscle groups of the dominant upper limb was tested. For the fixed method, we used a system of suction cups, connected to the HHD by an inelastic belt. For the non-fixed method, the examiner supported the device by hand. The isometric contraction was sustained for three seconds. Each measurement was repeated three times, considering the highest value obtained. The reliability was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The dispersion between measurements was expressed by a Bland-Altman plot. Results The sample consisted of 25 volunteers, all right-handed. The intra-examiner ICC was 0.89-0.99 for the non-fixed method, and 0.43 to 0.85 for the fixed method. Inter-examiner reliability showed equivalent behavior. This study showed that evaluation of upper limb muscle strength using an isometric dynamometer has excellent intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliability. The supine position was chosen due to the need to propose a feasible protocol for clinical practice that could be replicated for the majority of publics and in different environments. The non-fixed method showed better reliability overall, demonstrating the feasibility of this tool without the need for adaptations, additional devices, or increased operating costs for this evaluation. Conclusion Comparison between the fixed and non-fixed HHD methods demonstrated superiority of the non-fixed method in terms of reliability. Level of evidence II; Investigation of a diagnostic exam - Development of diagnostic criteria with consecutive patients.
FACTOR VALIDITY OF THE ATHLETIC IDENTITY MEASUREMENT SCALE IN A MAINLAND CHINESE SAMPLE
Authors: Zhang Meng , Shao Bin
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction The Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS) is a multi-dimensional instrument for measuring athletic identity and has been validated in different cultural samples around the world, except in mainland China. Objective This study aimed to test the validity of the mainland Chinese version of AIMS. Methods The sample consisted of 205 athletes, including 150 student athletes and 55 retired athletes. Validation of the factor structure and internal consistency was tested by performing confirmatory factor analyses and calculating Cronbach’s alpha on eight different models proposed in the literature. Results The results indicated that the 7-item 2-factor model fit best in retired athlete samples, while the 7-item 3-factor model fit best in student athlete samples, according to stringent fitting criteria. Conclusion Based on the data analysis, it is proven that the 7-item multidimensional structure of AIMS is valid for the mainland Chinese culture. Level of evidence II; Comparative study.