bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐3.7: Study on Preparation and Performance of New Black Matrix with High PPI VR Display
Authors: YAO Lei , LI Feng , FANG YeZhou , LI Wei , SU HaiDong , YAN Lei , GAO Yun , LI Kai , WANG ChenLong , HOU Lin , XIE Jianyun
Published: August 2021

This article mainly presents the black matrix of the innovative technique. A‐Si and SiNx thin films were investigated for low‐reflectance materials. The new BM structure, by using SiN/a‐Si as reflex‐reduction layer and depositing Mo as shading layer, which replaces the traditional resin BM in VR display.
P‐4.2: Study on Optical Performances of Transparent LCD with Dichroic Dye‐doped Liquid Crystal
Authors: Bi Yao , Wu Xiaojuan , Yuan Hongliang , Wang Jian , Yu Hongjun , Che Chuncheng , Xue Hailin
Published: August 2021

With the development of the Internet of Things, transparent display is playing an increasingly important role in people's lives. The most important optical index of transparent display is transmittance. Due to no need for polarizer, transparent liquid crystal display (TLCD) with dichroic dye‐doped can achieve very high transmittance. In this paper, optical performance and image quality improvement of TLCD with dye‐doped liquid crystal were studied. A new TN pixel design with common electrode of ITO instead of metal to form stored capacitance was used to achieve high aperture ratio (AR). And it was found that bright transmittance of NWSC is higher than that of NBSC due to high anchoring effect of PI to positive liquid crystal. In addition, the transmittance decreases gradually with increasing cell gap due to the increased light absorption by the long axis of dye molecules. The results showed that the TLCD with Dichroic Dye‐doped Liquid Crystal (DDLC) has a good display effect.
P‐4.9: A Scheme of Eliminating Color Layer Noise in RGBW
Authors: Peng Xiangjun , Sun Yan , Shi Tiankuo , Zhang Xiaomang , Zhang Shuo , Chu Minglei , Hou Yifan , Ji Zhihua , Duan Xin , Sun Wei , Dong Xue
Published: August 2021

Displays that employ RGBW primaries have demonstrated greater power efficiency than similar displays with only RGB primaries. Unfortunately, RGBW systems with algorithms that use white to augment luminance generally have color layer noise affected the visual effect and need to be solved. Color layer noise visually shows the phenomenon of uneven color transition, showing a banded change. According to the cause of the color layer noise, we propose an algorithm to reduce the brightness difference between adjacent pixels in the location of color layer noise. Firstly, the gradient feature is used to mark the details in RGB space in order to distinguish the color layer from the texture details. Then the color layer is detected in RGBW space and the brightness of the color layer is smoothed to reduce the brightness difference of the adjacent pixels. The experiment on 6.5 inch RGBW TFT‐LCD screen show that the algorithm can effectively remove the color layer, and the details are lossless.
P‐4.15: Low Blue Light Backlight Unit for Eye Protective LCD
Authors: Wang QiuLi , Zhang Hao , Tian WenHong , Wang ZhiQiang , Ma Xin , Yao JianFeng , Wang Yue , Wang XinYu
Published: August 2021

With the expansion of the markets about near‐eye display devices and other similar consumer devices, the security of display devices has also received more and more attention. So in this paper, a novel low blue light backlight unit for eye‐protective liquid crystal display is reported. The low blue light characteristic is achieved by a LED with long wavelength (>457nm) chip and K2SiF6:Mn4+phosphors or Red/Green phosphors. The screen with this backlight unit can realize 86% NTSC color gamut with a slight decrease in brightness, 8% or so. In addition, the ratio of toxic blue light region (wavelength ranges from 415nm to 450nm) to the whole blue light region (wavelength ranges from 400nm to 500nm) is less than 40%. Especially, the ratio can be less than 15% if using the chip with longer wavelength (>460nm) and Red/Green phosphors. The screen also reaches the TÜV Rheinland low blue light display certification standard.
P‐5.1: Research on the color shift mechanism model of TDDI product ESD test center
Authors: Sun Le , zhang Zhen , Hou Jingwei , Wang Xiaojie , Zhao Xin , Tang Wulijibaier , Xie Jianyun
Published: August 2021

As customers pursue the ultimate pursuit of the display effect of the screen (Panel), display panel manufacturers have increasingly higher requirements for the anti‐static (ESD) of the screen. In the process of testing the ESD performance of the screen, when a large amount of static electricity accumulates on the surface of the Panel, it will usually affect the deflection of the liquid crystal (LC), and the abnormal phenomenon of black and purple appears. This phenomenon is collectively called ESD color shift.

At present, the most effective way to improve the color shift of ESD in the industry is to plate a high‐resistance film (ATO) on the surface of the display panel (Cell), that is, to plate a conductive layer with low resistance on the surface of the CF(Color Film). This conductive layer passes through the Ag on the TFT. The paste point leads to static electricity; however, due to the high cost of ATO, the production cost ofpanel manufacturers has increased significantly. On the premise of canceling the high‐resistance film, improving the ESD color shift of the screen has become a research hotspot in the industry.

During the ESD test, the electrostatic gun hits the surface of the T‐LCM, and the static electricity will be transmitted down each layer of the T‐LCM. During this process, the static electricity can be exported through the conductive path designed on the T‐LCM. The conductive path cannot discharge static electricity in time, causing static electricity to reach the liquid crystal. The amount of charge reaching the liquid crystal directly determines whether the liquid crystal is deflected. If the static electricity reaching the liquid crystal is greater than the voltage at which the liquid crystal is deflected, the liquid crystal will be deflected, resulting in ESD color shift.

Starting from the discussion of the ESD failure mechanism, this paper establishes an ESD color shift failure model; through the analysis of the product structure, each component in the product structure is regarded as an independent capacitor, and the chargedfilm layer (or Parts) quantify the impact of LC, obtain the key factors affecting ESD color shift through comparison, and provide certain guidance for subsequent product design and material selection. The improvement plan proposed in this article has been fully verified on our products, and the ESD color shift is effectively improved under the premise of canceling the high resistance film.
P‐5.8: The special requirement of IGZO mobile LCM for driver IC about residual charge
Authors: deyu liu
Published: August 2021

More and more people use mobile phone and buy a new one very soon, there is a big market for mobile LCM. IGZO LCM has advantage in mobile market. Usually, The electron mobility of a‐Si is lower than 1cm2/V · sec and it of IGZO could be higher than 50 cm2/V · sec. The leakage current of IGZO is far lower than a‐Si which can keep voltage in pixel very well after charge. But low leakage current also means it has flick and GDM TFT shift risk if there is residual charge after power off.We put forward some requirement for IC to make IGZO LCM performance better in practical application in industry.
P‐5.12: Research on Driving Method of Oxide TFT Liquid Crystal Panel Based on TED Scheme
Authors: Li Jie , Yang Wei , Liu Xuan , Yao Jiajun
Published: August 2021

A 13.3“ FHD 60Hz Oxide TFT‐LCD with MUX3 hove been developed using TED Scheme. Since the high mobility of oxide TFT,2 MUX schemes and 3 MUX driving method has been analyzed in TED Scheme. Display performance and Cost and Power consumption benefit from new MUX Driving Method with compensation. Due to material saving design in ted, the assembly material can be changed from PCB to only FPC. And the Screen‐to‐Body Ratio of Notebook can achieve from 70% up to 92% with TED IC by MUX3 design.
P‐6.4: Comprehensive optimum and adaptable design methodology for the Display Support Structure Based on ANSYS Simulation
Authors: Zhang Zhizhong , Sun Yanjun
Published: August 2021

The back cover is mainly used to strengthen the display product strength, increase rigidity, and prevent product deformation and distortion during assembly, use or transportation. This thesis studies the influence of different back cover thickness, backplane material and stiffener position, number of stiffeners, and stiffener structure on the strength of the backplane. Good display support structures are required that not only can offer better sustentation results, but also can reduce the negative effect with lesser back cover materials. By simulating and optimizing the design of the backplane, the strength of the product is increased and the unit price of the product is reduced.
P‐8.9: The Research of Backlight Narrow Bezel Technology
Authors: Yaodong WANG , Yangli ZHENG , Xiaoping ZHANG , Jian REN , Hao WU , Hailin XUE , Site CAI
Published: August 2021

The optical homogeneity in light‐emitting side is one of the technical bottleneck for backlight narrow bezel, the border of the backlight unit light‐emitting side shrink from 4.0 millimeters to 2.35 millimeters by LED package size shrink from 3004 to 2204, but there has no optical theory about how to reduce the border of light‐emitting side, this paper use a optical evaluation model and the model of the optical theory to analyze the influence of optical homogeneity and structural reliability in light‐emitting side by decrease the border of backlight unit, according to experiment when the ΔAP(ratio of the distance from LED to active area and the pitch of LED) value above 0.46 and the intersection of light from LED to visual area distance above 0.1 millimeters, the optical homogeneity and structural reliability can meet the production requirements, the backlight unit can use different LED to reduce the border of light‐emitting side based on above‐mentioned conclusion, for 2204 LED its border can compress to 2.1 millimeters and 1504 LED can compress to 2.0 millimeters.
P‐8.11: IOT intelligent display technology
Authors: Zhou Liang , Zhang Ling-ling , Zhou Jiu-bin , Liu Jin-e , Qin Feng
Published: August 2021

This paper introduces a display technology suitable for IOT smart home. The panel of the display technology product integrates the COG display driver IC and MCU IC. The MCU contains an 8051 or ARM core and FPC includes FLASH module and Clock Module. The I2C or SPI instruction interface replaces the traditional display data interface. MCU controls other devices of intelligent terminal products through I/O interface to realize the integration and intelligentization of terminal products. The display technology uses I2C or SPI interfaces to interact with the communication module instructions and is compatible with all kinds of communication protocols, such as Wifi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, etc. The technology can be applied to IOT intelligent display terminal products with different demands.
P‐12.3: The Research on the Influence of Pixel Polarity Arrangement on Display Quality
Authors: Zhao Chongyang , Su Qiujie , Miao Yingmeng , Chen Dongchuan , Liao Yanping , Lee Seungmin , Shao Xibin
Published: August 2021

With the development of large‐scale and high‐resolution TFT‐LCD display products, higher requirements are put forward for display quality. Fine Pitch, cpd coupled horizontal stripe, and head shaking mura are several types of mura that have great impact on display quality. The relationship of pixel arrangement structure and display mura is analyzed in this paper. The advantages and disadvantages of several common pixel arrangements are summarized and some methods to avoid display mura are proposed.
P‐12.5: Light Intensity Modulator Based On Electro‐hydrodynamic Instabilities in Dirchroic‐dye‐doped Liquid Crystal Cell
Authors: Zhou Bojun , Che Chuncheng , Li Yue , Wang Chunlei , Zhai Deshen , Wu Yifan , Chang Wenbo , Xiao Yuelei , Gong Lin , Cao Xue , Han Jidong , Song Xuechao , Zhou Yi
Published: August 2021

This paper explores the applications of dichroic‐dye‐doped liquid crystal that is set to work as broadband light intensity modulator. Taking advantage of the residual voltage formed by mobile ions and excitation of electrohydrodynamic instabilities(EHDIs) in liquid crystal cell, pulse, sinusoidal and oscillating waveforms of the transmitted light with tunable frequency are demonstrated.
P‐12.15: An evaluation method of photo‐alignment PI for vehicle TFT‐LCD panel
Authors: Zhao Yujie , Zhang Jingsi , Zhang Xiaona , Wan Nianqing , Jiang Jinqiang , Tang Rong , Chen Xiangyu , Song Di
Published: August 2021

As the increasing requirements of vehicle panel specifications, traditional PI materials can not meet the optical and yield requirements of vehicle panel, A new type of PI is urgently needed to improve the optical performance and yield of vehicle panel.

Compared with the traditional rubbing PI material ,photo‐alignment PI material has the advantages like wide viewing angle, high contrast, less particles, less ESD and so on(Refer to table 1). In summary it can effectively improve the optical performance and yield of the panel.

Through the analysis of PI material structure and the summary a large number of experimental data, we completed the PI type selection and input. Finally, a new type of PI material was selected and successfully put into the mass production of vehicle TFT‐LCD.
P‐16.5: Investigation on metal corrosion characterise and resistance of touch panel
Authors: Baoran Li , wenjin Fan , Le Li , Jiawei Xu , Bisheng Li , Qidi Wu , zhongqi Zhang , zongjie Guo
Published: August 2021

This paper is to improve the metal corrosion resistance ability of touch panel in the reliability process through design and production process methods. The principle of chemical corrosion is used combining with actual production process, the factors that may affect the metal corrosion resistance ability have been found: metal raw material, sensor process, laminating process. Deeply studying the factors, the correlation detail influence factors to corrosion are target rotation speed, OC layer thickness, SiON layer, secondary ink, film attachment position and water glue lamination position. The optimal parameter for mass production is 12r/min speed, 2um OC, 10um secondary ink, film material & secondary ink overlapping whole metal trace, and water glue & secondary ink overlapping whole metal trace. The results of this paper can also be applied to on‐cell products, CG cover and other fields.
P‐16.7: Research of Touch Panel Narrow Border
Authors: Li Yin , zong-jie Guo , chen-zhu Lu , zhi Zhang , ya-jun MA , zhen-tao Li
Published: August 2021

Based on MM touch technology,one touch panel solution was developed which can realize both narrow border and lower cost. Firstly, three layers share one mask by cover the whole touch panel except some special hole. Secondly, both metal trace is distributed in two layers. Trace connect to pattern by C‐pad which is made by two layers of metal. Finally, by way of adding a shift, the hole of OC mask can avoid metal area, realizing that metal area still have protection, meanwhile save one mask cost. The notebook imported of this technology pass win10 certification, touch smoothly.
P‐16.8: Research on anti‐visibility characteristics of OGM touch screen
Authors: Jia-wei Xu , Zong-jie Guo , Wen-jin Fan , Yue-rong Ji , Bao-ran Li , Bi-sheng Li , Le Li , Chuan-wen Zhang , Qi-di Wu
Published: August 2021

This paper mainly studies the influence factors and the theoretical model of OGM anti‐visibility. The factor experiment is performed by controlling the Mesh Space, the double‐layer metal reflectance difference |Rd|%, and the metal reflectivity R%. Though the research on the relationship between the factor and the level of anti‐visibility of the touch screen, Mesh Space, |Rd|%, and R% have a negative correlation with Anti visibility ability. To improve anti‐visibility ability, it is necessary to reduce Mesh Space, |Rd|% and R%. By establishing the OGM anti‐visibility theoretical model, the visibility of the human eye to the OGM metal mesh is equivalent to the human eye's ability to distinguish the smallest unit of metal mesh line. When mesh Space and |Rd|% increases, which is equivalent to the larger the resolution line distance of the mesh , it is easier for human eye to recognize metal mesh according to the Rayleigh criterion, so that the metal mesh is visible and anti‐ visibility ability decreases. When R% increases, metal reflection energy increases, and the background difference from the display module increases, making it easier to be recognized.
P‐16.14: Research of Optical Influence on LCD by OGM Products
Authors: Zhang Jin , Huang Fusheng , Zhang Zhongqi , Song Congqiang , Xiao Di
Published: August 2021

This paper aims to explore the influence mechanism and range of OGM (One Glass Solution, Metal Mesh) on LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) optical performance. Firstly, the basic concepts and calculation methods of color coordinates and other parameters are introduced; Then the laminated structure of TLCM is introduced, and the transmission spectrum of each layer is tested in different experiments, which points out that the most important influencing factor is the OC insulating layer due to the low light transmittance at low wavelength; Finally, the influence range of OGM on LCD's brightness, color coordinate, color temperature, color gamut and blue light proportion are pointed out, among them, the brightness and color temperature decrease by respectively about 6.0% and 6.25%. The above work analyzes the luminance and chromaticity changes of LCD products after OGM lamination, which provides theoretical and data reference for the design of new products in the future.
P‐16.17: Study on the Mechanism of Low‐reflective Metal Optical Model for Touch Panel or TFT
Authors: Zeng Ting , Yang Zhongzheng , Lu Chengzhu , Guo Zongjie , Gui Heren , Li Yongfei , Xu Zhanqi , Yin Liuyue , Li Yangjie , Zhang Chuanwen
Published: August 2021

In this paper, it was studied that blacken metal reduced the visibility of the metal pattern, to achieve an invisible to the naked eye, and improve the appearance quality in the metal forming process. After a large number of process verifications, the reflectivity of low reflective metal (RM), was in connection with light absorption coefficient (K) to used to change reflectivity on demand. It was found that a high‐refractive interference layer and a light absorbing layer can be added before the metal film layer according to the principle of thin film interference, and the metal such as Mo, AL, Cu used in the existing process can be blackened to reduce reflectivity. In the visible light band, the lower the reflectivity of metal (RM), the better the blackening effect.
Trace Level Recognition of Sulfasalazine Electrooxidation Exploiting the Synergism of Carbon Nanotubes and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Mane Suyash , Chatterjee Sanghamitra
Published: August 2021

The significance of sulfasalazine (SSZ) as a therapeutic agent has garnered paramount research interest in the design and fabrication of a viable sensor for the detection of SSZ. Herein, we demonstrate a new strategy for the sensitive determination of SSZ employing single walled carbon nanotubes decorated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles sensing platform for the first time. The synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles and the surface morphology of the developed sensor were investigated by exerting various analytical techniques. The optimization of operational parameters was effectuated. The developed sensor exhibited pronounced electrocatalytic activity for the electro oxidation of SSZ in the dynamic detection range of 25 nM–1.5 μM manifesting noteworthy high sensitivity and phenomenal low detection limit of 18.6 μA μM−1 and 1.6 nM respectively. Apparent specificity in the presence of interferents along with remarkable stability and reproducibility were attained by the sensor. The prominence of the developed methodology was emphasized by the determination of SSZ in pharmaceutical formulations. Furthermore, the applicability of the developed electrode was established by utilizing it effectually for the first time to quantify SSZ in serum sample of patients undergoing pharmacological treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.
Variables Influencing Differences in Sequence Conservation in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Harnqvist Simon Emanuel , Grace Cooper Alastair , Jeffares Daniel Charlton
Published: August 2021

Which variables determine the constraints on gene sequence evolution is one of the most central questions in molecular evolution. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, an important model organism, the variables influencing the rate of sequence evolution have yet to be determined. Previous studies in other single celled organisms have generally found gene expression levels to be most significant, with numerous other variables such as gene length and functional importance identified as having a smaller impact. Using publicly available data, we used partial least squares regression, principal components regression, and partial correlations to determine the variables most strongly associated with sequence evolution constraints. We identify centrality in the protein–protein interactions network, amino acid composition, and cellular location as the most important determinants of sequence conservation. However, each factor only explains a small amount of variance, and there are numerous variables having a significant or heterogeneous influence. Our models explain more than half of the variance in dN, raising the possibility that future refined models could quantify the role of stochastics in evolutionary rate variation.
Complete lung agenesis caused by complex genomic rearrangements with neo-TAD formation at the SHH locus
Authors: Melo Uirá Souto , Piard Juliette , Fischer-Zirnsak Björn , Klever Marius-Konstantin , Schöpflin Robert , Mensah Martin Atta , Holtgrewe Manuel , Arbez-Gindre Francine , Martin Alain , Guigue Virginie , Gaillard Dominique , Landais Emilie , Roze Virginie , Kremer Valerie , Ramanah Rajeev , Cabrol Christelle , Harms Frederike L. , Kornak Uwe , Spielmann Malte , Mundlos Stefan , Van Maldergem Lionel
Published: August 2021

During human organogenesis, lung development is a timely and tightly regulated developmental process under the control of a large number of signaling molecules. Understanding how genetic variants can disturb normal lung development causing different lung malformations is a major goal for dissecting molecular mechanisms during embryogenesis. Here, through exome sequencing (ES), array CGH, genome sequencing (GS) and Hi-C, we aimed at elucidating the molecular basis of bilateral isolated lung agenesis in three fetuses born to a non-consanguineous family. We detected a complex genomic rearrangement containing duplicated, triplicated and deleted fragments involving the SHH locus in fetuses presenting complete agenesis of both lungs and near-complete agenesis of the trachea, diagnosed by ultrasound screening and confirmed at autopsy following termination. The rearrangement did not include SHH itself, but several regulatory elements for lung development, such as MACS1, a major SHH lung enhancer, and the neighboring genes MNX1 and NOM1. The rearrangement incorporated parts of two topologically associating domains (TADs) including their boundaries. Hi-C of cells from one of the affected fetuses showed the formation of two novel TADs each containing SHH enhancers and the MNX1 and NOM1 genes. Hi-C together with GS indicate that the new 3D conformation is likely causative for this condition by an inappropriate activation of MNX1 included in the neo-TADs by MACS1 enhancer, further highlighting the importance of the 3D chromatin conformation in human disease.
Impaction of regurgitation jet on anterior mitral leaflet is associated with diastolic dysfunction in patients with bicuspid aortic valve and mild insufficiency: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study
Authors: Galea Nicola , Pambianchi Giacomo , Cundari Giulia , Sturla Francesco , Marchitelli Livia , Putotto Carolina , Versacci Paolo , De Paulis Ruggero , Francone Marco , Catalano Carlo
Published: August 2021

To assess the impact of regurgitant jet direction on left ventricular function and intraventricular hemodynamics in asymptomatic patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and mild aortic valve regurgitation (AR), using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) feature tracking and 4D flow imaging. Fifty BAV individuals were retrospectively selected: 15 with mild AR and posterior regurgitation jet (Group-PJ), 15 with regurgitant jet in other directions (Group-nPJ) and 20 with no regurgitation (Controls). CMR protocol included cine steady state free precession (SSFP) sequences and 4D Flow imaging covering the entire left ventricle (LV) cavity and the aortic root. Cine-SSFP images were analyzed to assess LV volumes, longitudinal and circumferential myocardial strain. Circumferential and longitudinal peak diastolic strain rate (PDSR) and peak diastolic velocity (PDV) were reduced in group PJ if compared to group nPJ and control group (PDSR = 1.10 ± 0.2 1/s vs. 1.34 ± 0.5 1/s vs. 1.53 ± 0.3 1/s, p:0.001 and 0.68 ± 0.2 1/s vs. 1.17 ± 0.2 1/s vs. 1.05 ± 0.4 1/s ; p < 0.001, PDV = − 101.6 ± 28.1 deg/s vs. − 201.4 ± 85.9 deg/s vs. − 221.6 ± 67.1 deg/s; p < 0.001 and − 28.1 ± 8 mm/s vs. − 38.9 ± 11.1 mm/s vs. − 43.6 ± 14.3 mm/s, p < 0.001, respectively), whereas no differences have been found in systolic strain values. 4D Flow images (available only in 9 patients) showed deformation of diastolic transmitral streamlines direction in group PJ compared to other groups. In BAV patients with mild AR, the posterior direction of the regurgitant jet may hamper the complete mitral valve opening, disturbing transmitral flow and slowing the LV diastolic filling.
Extreme longevity variants at the FOXO3 locus may moderate FOXO3 isoform levels
Authors: Frankum Ryan , Jameson Tom S. O. , Knight Bridget A. , Stephens Francis B. , Wall Benjamin T. , Donlon Timothy A. , Torigoe Trevor , Willcox Bradley J. , Willcox D. Craig , Allsopp Richard C. , Harries Lorna W.
Published: August 2021

The rs2802292, rs2764264 and rs13217795 variants of FOXO3 have been associated with extreme longevity in multiple human populations, but the mechanisms underpinning this remain unclear. We aimed to characterise potential effects of longevity-associated variation on the expression and mRNA processing of the FOXO3 gene. We performed a comprehensive assessment of FOXO3 isoform usage across a wide variety of human tissues and carried out a bioinformatic analysis of the potential for longevity-associated variants to disrupt regulatory regions involved in isoform choice. We then related the expression of full length and 5′ truncated FOXO3 isoforms to rs13217795 genotype in peripheral blood and skeletal muscle from individuals of different rs13217795 genotypes. FOXO3 isoforms displayed considerable tissue specificity. We determined that rs13231195 and its tightly aligned proxy variant rs9400239 may lie in regulatory regions involved in isoform choice. The longevity allele at rs13217795 was associated with increased levels of full length FOXO3 isoforms in peripheral blood and a decrease in truncated FOXO3 isoforms in skeletal muscle RNA. We suggest that the longevity effect of FOXO3 SNPs may in part derive from a shift in isoform usage in skeletal muscle away from the production of 5′ truncated FOXO3 isoforms lacking a complete forkhead DNA binding domain, which may have compromised functionality.
Hunting colours: origin and reuse of glass tesserae from the Wierum terp
Authors: Crocco Rosa , Huisman Hans , Sablerolles Yvette , Henderson Julian , van Os Bertil , Nieuwhof Annet
Published: August 2021

Mosaic glass tesserae were imported to Dutch sites during the Early Medieval period, probably to address the demand for coloured glass needed in ornamental bead manufacture. Although challenging, because of the uncertainty of the material’s context, the Wierum Early Medieval collection represents an extraordinary opportunity, being the most significant find of glass tesserae in the Netherlands to date. The combined use of electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) and hand-held X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (HH XRF) allowed us to examine glass tesserae and other vitreous samples from the site. Low levels for magnesium and potassium oxides (<1.5 wt%) and the chemical components linked with the silica source, fluxes, opacifiers and chromophores are compatible with an older Roman soda-lime-silica glass production. Alumina and calcium oxide contents together with the adoption of antimony-based opacifiers are compatible with mosaic tesserae of a first to third century AD Roman tradition. We assume that these tesserae were collected during the spoliation of a lavish building and reused for glass objects produced locally. The hypothesis seems to be confirmed by the presence in the collection of tesserae still embedded in mortar, stone tesserae fragments and a rounded fragment of Egyptian blue.
Modelling and analysis of the stability of a harbour wharf’s embankment with regards to its failure
Authors: Dmochowski Grzegorz , Berkowski Piotr , Szołomicki Jerzy , Gronostajska Barbara , Krążelewski Jarosław
Published: August 2021

The article presents the process of creating a computational model for the stability analysis of a harbour wharf’s embankment with regards to its failure. The described elements that were taken into account at the stage of data preparation are: historical analysis of the structure (structural calculations, and the calculations of the stability of the embankment), results of the author’s own soil and material tests (concrete, steel), environmental conditions (atmospheric and water), the possible load systems that acted on the facility, and also the results from the 3D model of the wharf’s structure. On this basis, five computational schemes were prepared for computer simulations of the stability of the embankment in a plain state of deformations. Various stages and conditions of its operation were taken into account. In conclusion, a possible course of the process of destruction of the structure of the harbour wharf, and the river embankment that cooperates with it, was proposed.
Morphologies and dynamics of micro-droplet impact onto an idealised scratch
Authors: Al-Ghaithi Khaled H.A. , Harlen Oliver G. , Kapur Nikil , Wilson Mark C.T.
Published: August 2021

As inkjet technology develops to produce smaller droplets, substrate features such as accidental scratches or manufacturing defects can potentially affect the outcome of printing, particularly for printed electronics where continuous tracks are required. Here, the deposition of micro-droplets onto a scratch of commensurate size is studied. The scratch is considered as a groove of rectangular cross-section, with rectangular side ridges representing material displaced from the substrate, and seven equilibrium morphologies are identified as a result of inertial spreading, contact-line pinning, imbibition into the scratch and capillary flow. A regime map is constructed in terms of scratch depth and width, and theoretical estimates of the regime boundaries are developed by adapting droplet spreading laws for flat surfaces to account for liquid entering the scratches. Good agreement is seen with numerical results obtained using a graphical processing unit-accelerated three-dimensional multiphase lattice Boltzmann model validated against published experiments, and the influences of Reynolds number, Weber number and advancing and receding contact angles are explored. Negative and positive implications of the results for printing applications are discussed and illustrated via multiple-droplet simulations of printing across and along scratches.
Performance and wake characteristics of tidal turbines in an infinitely large array
Authors: Ouro Pablo , Nishino Takafumi
Published: August 2021

The efficiency of tidal stream turbines in a large array depends on the balance between negative effects of turbine-wake interactions and positive effects of bypass-flow acceleration due to local blockage, both of which are functions of the layout of turbines. In this study we investigate the hydrodynamics of turbines in an infinitely large array with aligned or staggered layouts for a range of streamwise and lateral turbine spacing. First, we present a theoretical analysis based on an extension of the linear momentum actuator disc theory for perfectly aligned and staggered layouts, employing a hybrid inviscid-viscous approach to account for the local blockage effect within each row of turbines and the viscous (turbulent) wake mixing behind each row in a coupled manner. We then perform large-eddy simulation (LES) of open-channel flow for 28 layouts of tidal turbines using an actuator line method with doubly periodic boundary conditions. Both theoretical and LES results show that the efficiency of turbines (or the power of turbines for a given bulk velocity) in an aligned array decreases as we reduce the streamwise turbine spacing, whereas that in a staggered array remains high and may even increase due to the positive local blockage effect (causing the local flow velocity upstream of each turbine to exceed the bulk velocity) if the lateral turbine spacing is sufficiently small. The LES results further reveal that the amplitude of wake meandering tends to decrease as we reduce the lateral turbine spacing, which leads to a lower wake recovery rate in the near-wake region. These results will help to understand and improve the efficiency of tidal turbines in future large arrays, even though the performance of real tidal arrays may depend not only on turbine-to-turbine interactions within the array but also on macro-scale interactions between the array and natural tidal currents, the latter of which are outside the scope of this study.
A generalized Davenport expansion
Authors: Patkowski Alexander E.
Published: August 2021

We prove a new generalization of Davenport's Fourier expansion of the infinite series involving the fractional part function over arithmetic functions. A new Mellin transform related to the Riemann zeta function is also established.
Russia's return to Africa: a comparative study of Egypt, Algeria and Morocco
Authors: Němečková Tereza , Melnikovová Lea , Piskunova Natalia
Published: August 2021

The article analyses Russia's recent return to Africa. It attempts to answer the question to what extent Russia has abandoned its traditional tools of cooperation such as nuclear energy and military cooperation and engaged in new ‘smart’ ones as indicated by former Foreign Minister Ivanov in 2011. The paper builds on three case studies of African countries having the largest trade volume with Russia in 2018, i.e. Egypt, Algeria and Morocco, and analyses their changing relationship with Russia over the last decade. The results show that Russia has not abandoned its traditional tools but has intensified the use of new ones. The North African region as such has regained significance in Russia's foreign policy. Bilateral relations with all three North African countries have increased at both political and economic levels recently.
A mixed-integer least-squares formulation of the GNSS snapshot positioning problem
Authors: Waserman Eyal , Toledo Sivan
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a formulation of snapshot positioning as a mixed-integer least-squares problem. In snapshot positioning, one estimates a position from code-phase (and possibly Doppler-shift) observations of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals without knowing the time of departure (timestamp) of the codes. Solving the problem allows a receiver to determine a fix from short radio-frequency snapshots missing the timestamp information embedded in the GNSS data stream. This is used to reduce the time to first fix in some receivers, and it is used in certain wildlife trackers. This paper presents two new formulations of the problem and an algorithm that solves the resulting mixed-integer least-squares problems. We also show that the new formulations can produce fixes even with huge initial errors, much larger than permitted in Van Diggelen's widely-cited coarse-time navigation method.
Detection of Major and Mild Neurocognitive Disorder with the Verbal Naming Test
Authors: Spalding-Wilson Kelsey , Harris Grant , Windham Victoria A. , Strutt Adriana M. , Yochim Brian P.
Published: August 2021

Objective:

The Verbal Naming Test (VNT) is an auditory-based measure of naming or word finding. The current multisite study sought to evaluate the reliability and validity of the VNT in the detection of major and mild neurocognitive disorder (NCD).

Method:

This study analyzed clinical data from two outpatient neuropsychology clinics (N = 188 and N = 77) and a geriatric primary care clinic (N = 104). Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman correlations with other measures were calculated. ROC analyses were used to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive power, and negative predictive power for the detection of major and mild NCD per DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) criteria.

Results:

The VNT was found to have strong reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = .90) and high convergent validity with a commonly used picture-naming task (NAB Naming, Spearman’s rho = .65, p < .001). The VNT showed good sensitivity and specificity for the detection of NCDs, particularly major NCD, with an area under the curve of .85, sensitivity of .80, and specificity of .75. A possible discontinue rule is also suggested for clinicians to use.

Conclusions:

These findings provide compelling evidence for the use of the VNT to detect neurocognitive impairment in a clinical setting. The VNT provides a reliable alternative to picture-naming tasks, which may be advantageous when working with visually impaired patients or conducting evaluations over telehealth.
Ratgeber Bindungsstörungen
Authors: Bolten Margarete , Schanz Christian G. , Equit Monika
Published: August 2021

Kinder, deren Bedürfnisse nach emotionaler Zuwendung, Schutz und Sicherheit hinreichend befriedigt werden, entwickeln normalerweise im Verlauf der ersten Lebensjahre eine sichere Bindung an ihre Bezugspersonen. Verschiedene Risikofaktoren aufseiten der Eltern und des Kindes können sich jedoch negativ auf die Bindungs- und Beziehungsentwicklung auswirken, in deren Folge es zu Störungen der Eltern-Kind-Bindung kommen kann. Der Ratgeber bietet verständliche Informationen zu Bindungsstörungen. Er liefert einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Erscheinungsformen und Symptome von Bindungs- und Beziehungsstörungen, die Ursachen, den Verlauf und die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten. Der Ratgeber richtet sich vor allem an Eltern sowie Pflege- und Adoptiveltern. Sie erhalten u. a. Empfehlungen zum Aufbau einer positiven Beziehung zu ihrem Kind und Tipps für eine gewaltfreie Erziehung. Zudem informiert der Ratgeber über weitere Möglichkeiten der Unterstützung, wie z. B. Erziehungsberatung oder sozialpädagogische Familienhilfe.
Avatar-Based Self-Influence in a Traditional CMC Environment
Authors: Beyea David , Van der Heide Brandon , Ewoldsen David , Eden Allison , Meng Jingbo
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Dubbed the Proteus effect, research has shown that avatars influence user behavior in virtual reality and video game environments ( Yee & Bailenson, 2007 , 2009 ); however, does this same effect occur in the less dynamic but more prevalent traditional computer-mediated communication (CMC)? As CMC evolves to allow user avatars, the question of its influence increases in importance. This study examines the Proteus effect in traditional CMC, which tends to be dominated by text-based communication. Embodiment is presented as a moderator for the Proteus effect. Two methods for inducing embodiment (via choice and via familiarizing tasks) were tested along with a proposed model for the Proteus effect in social media environments. A 2 (avatar) × 2 (embodiment by choice) × 2 (embodiment by familiarizing tasks) between-subject design with 406 participants showed a significant main effect of familiarizing tasks on embodiment, an interaction effect of avatar embodiment and avatar condition on aggressive behavior, and an unpredicted main effect of embodiment on aggressive attitude.
Kristel Chanard: Trekking and Tracking Mountains
Authors: Wheeling Kate
Published: August 2021

Researcher has the "coolest job" studying solid Earth and climate.
Zdenka Willis: Sailing into a High-Tech Future
Authors: Wheeling Kate
Published: August 2021

Finding the roots of responsibility and outreach in the military.
Climate Change and Extreme Weather Linked in U.N. Climate Report
Authors: Duncombe Jenessa
Published: August 2021

A major scientific assessment of global climate science found a much stronger connection between climate change and extreme weather than ever before.
Darcy L. Peter: Harnessing Alaska’s Native Knowledge
Authors: Duncombe Jenessa
Published: August 2021

A climate scientist finds her dream job not far from home.
Ashlee Wilkins: A Space Scientist Goes to Washington
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: August 2021

"Big-picture science questions" fuel science policy discussions.
End‐Member Venusian Core Scenarios: Does Venus Have an Inner Core?
Authors: O'Neill Craig
Published: August 2021

Venus's lack of a magnetic field suggests it may not have an inner core; however, evidence of Venus's internal density structure has historically been limited by its slow rotation. New moment of inertia (MoI) estimates allow us to constrain its internal density and thermal structure. Here, we use a mineral‐physics solver, and incorporate equations of state for silicate mantle minerals and core phases, to calculate radial density profiles for variable core and mantle compositions, and estimate the MoI and planetary mass, and optimal outer and inner core radii. For Earth‐like core compositions, our best fit radius for Venus's core is 3,147.1 ± 16.8 km, with no inner core—implying the liquid core has not cooled sufficiently to start crystallizing. However, for enriched light‐element concentrations in the core (>∼11 wt%), solutions fit large, light cores (∼4,000 km), and large inner cores (>∼2,000 km), underpinning the need for tighter cosmochemical/geophysical constraints on these endmembers.
Prefrontal cortex interactions with the amygdala in primates
Authors: Murray Elisabeth A. , Fellows Lesley K.
Published: August 2021

This review addresses functional interactions between the primate prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the amygdala, with emphasis on their contributions to behavior and cognition. The interplay between these two telencephalic structures contributes to adaptive behavior and to the evolutionary success of all primate species. In our species, dysfunction in this circuitry creates vulnerabilities to psychopathologies. Here, we describe amygdala–PFC contributions to behaviors that have direct relevance to Darwinian fitness: learned approach and avoidance, foraging, predator defense, and social signaling, which have in common the need for flexibility and sensitivity to specific and rapidly changing contexts. Examples include the prediction of positive outcomes, such as food availability, food desirability, and various social rewards, or of negative outcomes, such as threats of harm from predators or conspecifics. To promote fitness optimally, these stimulus–outcome associations need to be rapidly updated when an associative contingency changes or when the value of a predicted outcome changes. We review evidence from nonhuman primates implicating the PFC, the amygdala, and their functional interactions in these processes, with links to experimental work and clinical findings in humans where possible.
Prefrontal-hippocampal interactions supporting the extinction of emotional memories: the retrieval stopping model
Authors: Anderson Michael C. , Floresco Stan B.
Published: August 2021

Neuroimaging has revealed robust interactions between the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus when people stop memory retrieval. Efforts to stop retrieval can arise when people encounter reminders to unpleasant thoughts they prefer not to think about. Retrieval stopping suppresses hippocampal and amygdala activity, especially when cues elicit aversive memory intrusions, via a broad inhibitory control capacity enabling prepotent response suppression. Repeated retrieval stopping reduces intrusions of unpleasant memories and diminishes their affective tone, outcomes resembling those achieved by the extinction of conditioned emotional responses. Despite this resemblance, the role of inhibitory fronto-hippocampal interactions and retrieval stopping broadly in extinction has received little attention. Here we integrate human and animal research on extinction and retrieval stopping. We argue that reconceptualising extinction to integrate mnemonic inhibitory control with learning would yield a greater understanding of extinction’s relevance to mental health. We hypothesize that fear extinction spontaneously engages retrieval stopping across species, and that controlled suppression of hippocampal and amygdala activity by the prefrontal cortex reduces fearful thoughts. Moreover, we argue that retrieval stopping recruits extinction circuitry to achieve affect regulation, linking extinction to how humans cope with intrusive thoughts. We discuss novel hypotheses derived from this theoretical synthesis.
The microbiome extends host evolutionary potential
Authors: Henry Lucas P. , Bruijning Marjolein , Forsberg Simon K. G. , Ayroles Julien F.
Published: August 2021

The microbiome shapes many host traits, yet the biology of microbiomes challenges traditional evolutionary models. Here, we illustrate how integrating the microbiome into quantitative genetics can help untangle complexities of host-microbiome evolution. We describe two general ways in which the microbiome may affect host evolutionary potential: by shifting the mean host phenotype and by changing the variance in host phenotype in the population. We synthesize the literature across diverse taxa and discuss how these scenarios could shape the host response to selection. We conclude by outlining key avenues of research to improve our understanding of the complex interplay between hosts and microbiomes.
A TALE/HOX code unlocks WNT signalling response towards paraxial mesoderm
Authors: Mariani Luca , Guo Xiaogang , Menezes Niels Alvaro , Drozd Anna Maria , Çakal Selgin Deniz , Wang Qinhu , Ferretti Elisabetta
Published: August 2021

One fundamental yet unresolved question in biology remains how cells interpret the same signalling cues in a context-dependent manner resulting in lineage specification. A key step for decoding signalling cues is the establishment of a permissive chromatin environment at lineage-specific genes triggering transcriptional responses to inductive signals. For instance, bipotent neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs) are equipped with a WNT-decoding module, which relies on TCFs/LEF activity to sustain both NMP expansion and paraxial mesoderm differentiation. However, how WNT signalling activates lineage specific genes in a temporal manner remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that paraxial mesoderm induction relies on the TALE/HOX combinatorial activity that simultaneously represses NMP genes and activates the differentiation program. We identify the BRACHYURY-TALE/HOX code that destabilizes the nucleosomes at WNT-responsive regions and establishes the permissive chromatin landscape for de novo recruitment of the WNT-effector LEF1, unlocking the WNT-mediated transcriptional program that drives NMPs towards the paraxial mesodermal fate.