bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Moral Vocabulary Approach
Authors: von Kriegstein Hasko ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2022

At or near the beginning of many textbooks and syllabi in applied or professional ethics is a unit on philosophical moral theories (such as utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics). However, teaching such theories is of questionable value in this context. This article introduces the moral vocabulary approach. Instead of burdening students with complex ethical theories, they are introduced to the logic of elementary moral concepts. This avoids many of the drawbacks of teaching ethical theories, while preserving the benefit of equipping students with the conceptual tools they need to critically analyse ethical issues.
Assessment of Anxiety and Depression among Adult Population of Kashmir, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bashir Aadil , Khurshid Shabana , Altaf Mubashir , Bhatia Triptish , Singh Ravinder , Shoib Sheikh
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Mental health in Kashmir remains a concern and is threatening to become an ever-increasing epidemic. The changing social structure and the low-intensity armed conflict have become the basis of a deteriorating state of mental health among Kashmiris. In addition to this, the other factors are widespread poverty, uncertainty, grief, oppression, fear and high unemployment with limited employment generating sectors. Aim: To assess the depression, anxiety and mental distress among the adult population of Budgam district, Kashmir, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the community level in District Budgam, Jammu and Kashmir, India, from December 2019 to March 2020. Total three Investigators, one Senior Research Fellow (SRF) and two Junior Research Fellow (JRF) collected the data. The SRF was a Clinical Psychologist while the JRF were trained social workers. A door to door survey was conducted in the villages which were selected randomly from the list of the villages.The probability random sampling technique was used for the research purpose. Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) was used in the study and whereby after analysing the scores of the scale, results were derived. Chi-square and t-test were applied for statistical comparison. Results: Out of 133 individuals, 55 were males and 78 were females.The age of the sample ranged from 18 to 45 years, with a mean age of 37 years. Total 29.32% of the adults scored above the cut-off for anxiety symptoms and 34.58% scored above the cut-off for depressive symptoms, while 39% of these adults fall above the cut-off for mental distress scores.The validated cut-off score for the anxiety was 1.75 and for the depression was 1.57. Feeling tense, being worried, nervousness and low energy were reported as the symptoms of the mental distress among the people. Females, unemployed and individuals from lower socio-economic status reported higher degree of mental distress than others. Conclusion: Mental health issues in terms of anxiety, depression, and mental distress are found among the adult population in district Budgam. There was a significant mean difference in the mental distress levels concerning various socio-demographic variables. The study concluded that being female, having some medical condition, being unemployed, belonging to lower socioeconomic status, belonging to nuclear family predict mental health distress.
Development of Nucleic Acid Based Diagnostic Methods and their Implications in Oral Medicine Practice
Authors: Patil Karthikeya , Sanjay CJ , Doggalli Nagabhushana , Viveka S , Bharadwaj Barsha
Published: July 2022

Disease identification methods based on nucleic acids are commonly employed in medical diagnostic procedures. Nucleic acid detection is a vital technique that identifies specific nucleotide sequences, hence indicating the presence of a pathogen or the onset of an unhealthy condition. The techniques based on them are constantly advancing and there is a certain drive in the scientific community to devise tests that are more rapid, reliable, and economical. Advances in nucleic acid based diagnostics, for instance Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequence alignment studies, have transformed the way clinical laboratories presently detect pathogens, allowing for rapid and effective response to infection therapy at an early phase. Nucleic acid detecting might actually be a linkage between oral and systemic diseases since persistent inflammation in the oral cavity is related with systemic diseases. The capacity to distinguish genetically between closely related disorders is especially crucial for bacterial or viral infections, which may rapidly evolve and produce new strains. Another advantage of infectious disease nucleic acid biomarkers being exogenous is that they may be discovered in the body shortly after infection. In principle, this allows for early detection and can be helpful in slowing or stopping disease transmission. This article reviews the evolutionary milestones of its current applications, emerging applications in oral diagnosis and future trends. Over the last decade, molecular biology has evolved at an accelerated pace, enabling the detection and management of a varied range of oral diseases. Understanding the numerous sequencing methodologies and genetic anomalies can assist in clinical application for improved disease diagnosis and prognosis.
Mycorrhiza: A Potential Application for Increased Crop Productivity in a Degraded Soil
Authors: K. O. Orji, , C. E. Eze, , C. J. Harriman, , C. A. Nwadinobi, , E. U. Mbah, , A. U. Akpan,
Published: July 2022

Mycorrhiza is obtained from two Greek expressions, namely: mykes (fungus) and rhiza (root). In otherwise, mycorrhiza means fungus-root as coined by Frank in 1885. So, mycorrhiza association is defined as the mutual relationship between fungus and plant root in which the fungus derive carbon from its host plant while the host plants obtain minerals from the fungus. Mycorrhizas are found in different biomes ranging from high latitudes and altitudes, deserts, lowland tropical forest to aquatic ecosystems. It is a known fact that several plants cannot thrive in their natural habitats without this mutualism, as 95-99 % of all plant species have been estimated to belong to genera that generally form mycorrhizas. It is only three families of plant that do not enter into mutual relationship with fungus. These families are as follows: Cyperaceae, Chenopodiaceae, and Brassicaceae. There are now seven types of mycorrhizas among which are arbuscular (AM) endomycorrhiza, ericoid endomycorrhizas, arbutoid endomycorrhizas, monotropoid endomycorrhizas, orchidaeous endomycorrhizas, ectomycorhizas and ectendomycorrhizas. The benefits of mycorrhiza association cannot be overemphasized as studies have shown that it improves nutrient supply of carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen to both plant and fungus that might not normally be made available to plant roots in large amount. It also enhances the performance of plant growing in soils with high amounts of heavy metals and water absorption of desert plants.
Association between Personal, Socio- economical and Psychological Characteristics of Farmers with their Performance of Different Farming System in Lower Subansiri District of Arunachal Pradesh
Authors: Ali Habung , Shivalingaiah Y. N. , Kumar T. L. Mohan
Published: July 2022

Arunachal Pradesh is an agrarian state which is gifted with natural resources and huge scope for agriculture and horticulture sectors. However, farming in Arunachal Pradesh is facing some socio-economic constraints which led to under-utilization of resource bases in the state. To ensure proper utilization of resources and to improve well being of farming community, there is need to adopt suitable farming system which can contribute to livelihood development. Therefore, a study was conducted in Ziro-I and Ziro-II block of Lower Subansiri district of Arunachal Pradesh during 2019-20 to know the association between personal, socio-economical and psychological characteristics of farmers with their performance in practicing different farming systems. A total of 200 respondents were selected from both blocks; 50 respondents each practicing FS-I, FS-II from Ziro-I block and FS-III, FS-IV from Ziro-II block. The result shows that innovative proneness, risk bearing ability, achievement motivation, decision making ability and management orientation had positive and significant association with performance at one and five per cent level of significance for all four farming systems. The probable reasons for the above findings could be that the farmers as an occupation has to deal with new farming practices and face many challenges such as drought, crop failure, pest attack, and soil infertility. As these experiences increases along with capital investment, their risk bearing ability also increases which may lead to improve performances in their farming. Additionally, to excel in farming practices there should be desire to achieve success in their work by taking timely decisions and performing as a good farm manager.
Respiratory, Neurological and Other Health Outcomes among Plastic Factory Workers in Gazipur, Bangladesh
Authors: Das Shobhan , Rahman Md. Masudur , Husna Asmaul , Akter Margia , Rahaman Md. Matiur , Islam Md. Taohidul , Uddin Md. Jamal , Adhikari Atin
Published: July 2022

Background: Approximately three thousand plastic goods manufacturing factories (PGMF) are currently operating in Bangladesh involving numerous workers. Associated health problems of these workers are largely unknown. The key objectives of the current study were identifying plastic chemical exposures related health outcomes in these workers and comparing these outcomes before and after their joining in PGMFs. In addition, we aimed to investigate the relationships between work duration and the prevalence of health ailments among workers.

Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out among factory workers (n=405) at six PGMFs in Gazipur district in Bangladesh. A simple random sampling method had been applied to select participants and data on their self-reported exposures to chemicals and associated respiratory, neurological, and other multiple health outcomes were collected through a validated questionnaire survey. Data were analyzed using different descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The categorical variables and continuous variables were interpreted using frequency distribution and standard deviation (SD) respectively. A Pearson chi-square (χ2) test was applied to evaluate the correlation between work duration and health outcomes. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant statistically.

Results: The average age and work duration of the workers were 25.63±6.85 and 3.49±3.53 years, respectively, implying that most workers were young, and spent over 10% of their lifetime in PGMFs work. Most common health outcomes reported by the workers were nasal discharges: 60 (14.9%), headaches: 76 (18.9%), fatigues: 112 (27.8%), losses of appetites: 108 (26.8%), urination problems: 61 (13.1%), losses of body weights: 102 (25.3%), and nervousness: 70 (17.4%). Among the common health outcomes only headache (p=0.005); fatigue (p=0.04); urination problem (p=<0.0001), and nervousness (p=0.004) were significantly associated with the work duration. Furthermore, except for hypertension and tarry stool, all health outcomes among workers differ significantly before and after joining in PGMFs.

Conclusion: This study first time identified important health outcomes of the PGMFs workers and generated baseline information on common health outcomes of the PGMFs workers in developing countries like Bangladesh. However, it might be important to identify potential causes of such health outcomes in PGMFs workers considering both biomarkers of exposures and real-time environmental samples to understand the disease pathology and to recommend mitigation measures to be taken by occupational health policymakers and practitioners in developing countries.
An Investigation into Social and Cultural Pressures of Vulnerable Women using Survival Analysis with Covariates
Authors: S. Oyamakin Oluwafemi , Emenike Iheanyi Chizaram
Published: July 2022

In this study, we sought to model the time to the first birth interval from marriage for women in Nigeria, and identify the various factors affecting this timing. The study was also set to determine the average/median survival time for marriage to first birth interval among Nigerian women, to provide enlightenment in such areas and possibly reduce anxiety levels of women who have little or no knowledge of the median survival time to first birth who might be vulnerable to the exploitations of illicit religious and medical practitioners.

Data obtained from the Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2018 was used for the purpose of this research. Information on the following variables was obtained: Time to first birth from marriage, Age Women's education, Wealth index, Place of residence, Employment, Contraceptive, Religion, and Region. The Kaplan-Meier estimator was used to estimate the median survival time, while the log-rank test was used to test the significance of the categories of the covariates used. The Density, Quantile, Survival and Probability plots were used to study candidate distributions that appropriately describe the data, and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was used to select the best distribution for the Accelerated Failure Time Model.

The study found that the median Survival time of marriage to the first birth interval was 20 months. Level of education, religion, region, use of contraceptives and Wealth Index were found to significantly affect marriage to the first birth interval. A log-normal Accelerated Failure Time Model was fit to the data. Women with higher education were found to have a shorter time to first birth interval. Also, women from South-Western Nigeria had shorter marriage to first birth interval than the other regions.
Pediatric Myocarditis and Pericarditis Complication after mRNA-based COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Parikh Taral K.
Published: July 2022

Oyster and co-authors (2022) have authored an article called Myocarditis cases reported after mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination in the United States from December 2020 to August 2021, which studies and investigates the resulting number of cases of Myocarditis concerning the COVID-19 vaccination for pediatric patients older than 12 years of age but include individuals less than 30 years of age. From analyzing COVID 19 vaccination, there is more attribute towards the benefits associated with health matters as outlined by Bozkurt and co-authors (2021). However, from the research, the vaccination holds potential risks that would harm the population involved (Halushka & Vander Heide, 2021). The article investigates the different reports of Myocarditis and pericarditis rates after mRNA-based vaccination in the United States and globally. With the detailed information, the article has reviewed additional existing knowledge to support the study’s objective. Public health Ontario 2022 also provides an overview of the event of Myocarditis and Pericarditis following mRNA COVID 19 vaccines. Data from other countries also reported Cases of Myocarditis/Pericarditis following immunization with mRNA vaccine in Ontario, Canada, and internationally. Reported cases have occurred more frequently in males under 30 years, following the second dose, usually within one week of vaccination, and have mild with quick recovery. Although they also mention that the benefit of vaccination continues to outweigh the risk of COVID-19 illness, the authority still recommends vaccination for all eligible individuals, including children and youth. Also, per the American college of cardiology, vaccine-associated Myocarditis is a rare but possible side effect after m-RNA based COVID-19 vaccine. The clinical course of this Myocarditis is generally mild, with most symptoms resolving quickly.
Effects of Psidium guajava L. Leaf Powder and Aloe vera L. Gel on Shelf Life of Citrus sinensis L. Fruits
Authors: Seun Ewekeye Tolulope , Omolade Abdulrazaq Khadijah , Josephine Sharaibi Olubunmi , Iyamah Chijindu Pass Chidiebere , Olatunde Esan Oyekunle , Lawrence Ogun Mautin , Adewumi Fadiora , Adebowale Oke, Oyedamola
Published: July 2022

Postharvest loss of fruits is a critical problem due of rapid deterioration during handling, transportation and warehousing. Edible coating over fruits is utilised to boost their quality and shelf life. The effects of leaf extracts of Psidium guajava and Aloe vera gel on the elongation of the shelf life of orange fruits were evaluated. Orange fruits were treated with Guava leaf powder and A. vera gel to assess their effectiveness in extending their shelf life and quality in storage. Weight loss, firmness, post-harvest decay, marketability and shelf life of uncoated and coated samples were evaluated all through the period of this study. Fungi were also isolated from deteriorating samples. A. vera was able to preserve the orange samples for 21 days; P. guajava preserved them for 17 days while the untreated fruit samples stayed for 14 days. Three fungi viz: Botryodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizopus stolonifer were isolated from the decomposing orange fruits. The result shows that orange fruits coated with A. vera gel and guava leaf powder is effective in extending the shelf-life of orange fruits when compared to untreated fruit (control) in the following order: A. vera>P. guajava > control. The findings from this study indicate that plant extracts could be employed to prolong the shelf life and improve quality of orange fruits.
The Effects of Spray Drying Conditions on Water Absorption Index, Water Solubility Index, Solubility and Water Activity (aw) of Rice Milk Powder
Authors: Padma M. , Rao P. V. K. Jagannadha , Edukondalu L. , Aparna K. , Babu G. Ravi
Published: July 2022

Cow’s milk has been widely consumed as it acts as an important source of protein. It also acts as a wholesome complete food providing all the major nutrients like fat, carbohydrates and proteins. Due to the lactose intolerance in some people in place of cow’s milk plant based milk products are becoming more popular due to its nutritional benefits same as that of cow’s milk. Broken rice has the nutritional benefits equal to raw rice and it can be processed into various value added products. In this study, the broken rice was used to prepare rice milk with the optimized process parameters. Rice milk was spray dried to enhance its shelf life at different inlet drying air temperatures and feed flow rates. Temperature and feed flow rate were optimized with desirability function which satisfied all the responses with required values to obtain optimum conditions for spray drying. The predicted optimum conditions were;T= 138°C, and Q= 35 mL/min. Under these conditions, the response values for water activity, water solubility index and water absorption index were 0.30, 72.8% and 21.7%, respectively.
Flood Frequency Analysis of Araniar Medium Irrigation Project in Chittoor District by using Gumbel's Distribution
Authors: Rao P. Sambasiva , Ramana M. V. , Reddy K. Madhusudhana , Kumar A. Ashok
Published: July 2022

Flood frequency analysis is one of the most important statistical technique to understand the nature and magnitude of high discharge of floods in the river. The objective of flood frequency analysis was to relate the magnitude of floods and their frequency of occurrence through probability distribution. Flood frequency analysis is essential to reduce the impact of flood damage by predicting the floods by adopting the suitable flood prediction model.  The Araniar reservoir was constructed across the Araniar river in the Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. The flood frequency analysis was conducted on the Araniar reservoir using Gumbel’s extreme value distribution method in the year 2019-2020. Daily maximum inflow data from the Department of Water Resources, Andhra Pradesh, were collected for the period 1990-2019 and used for flood frequency analysis of Araniar Reservoir using Gumbel's extreme value distribution method. From the observations of Gumbel’s distribution, the R2 value acquired from the trend line equation was 0.9803, indicating that Gumbel's extreme value distribution was suitable for estimating predicted reservoir flood flow. The estimated flood flow for upcoming years of 2 years, 10 years, 50 years, 100 years,150 years, 200 years, 300 years and 400 years were found to be 38.29 Mm3/year, 66.96 Mm3/year, 92.08 Mm3/year, 102.71 Mm3/year, 108.90 Mm3/year, 113.29 Mm3/year, 119.47 Mm3/year and 123.85 Mm3/year respectively. The mean instantaneous flow in the reservoir was 40.88149 Mm3/year which was nearly equal to a return period of about 2 years. The estimated flood flows of the Araniar reservoir was useful for constructing important dam hydraulic structures, advising agricultural patterns in the command area, and protecting lives and property downstream of the catchment region.
Estimation of Genetic Variability, Correlaton for Yield and Yield Compoments in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Reddy Maddula. Sudarshan , Anwar Mohammad. Abdul , Lal Gaibriyal M. , Lavanya G. R.
Published: July 2022

The present study consists of 23 rice genotypes including one check variety that were evaluated at Field Experimentation Centre of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (Allahabad), U.P. to study genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient for 13 quantitative characters. The experiment was conducted by using Randomized Block Design with three replications during Kharif -2021. Observation recorded to study the genetic variability parameters, correlation coefficient and path coefficient for yield and its attributing traits. On the basis of mean performance BPT-3291 was found to be superior in grain yield per hill followed by, SIGNET-5455, KSR-140 and RNR-15048 showed higher yield over the check (NDR359). High to moderate estimates of GCV and PCV were recorded for number of spikelets per panicle followed by number of tillers per hill, harvest index, biological yield, grain yield per hill, flag leaf width, test weight and number of panicles per hill. Grain yield indicated significant positive correlation with plant height followed by tillers per hill, panicles per hill, biological yield and harvest index in terms of phenotypic correlation coefficient whereas in terms of genotypic coefficient it showed positive and significant correlation. Path coefficient analysis showed positive significant direct effects on Biological Yield, Harvest Index and Number of Spikelets per Panicle at genotypic level whereas it showed positive and significant direct effect for days to fifty percent flowering, plant height, flag leaf width, number of panicles, test weight, biological yield, and harvest index at phenotypic level. Thus, these traits are identified as the efficient and potential for indirect selection for the improvement of rice productivity in the present experimental materials.
Association of Inflammatory Markers and CT Scoring as Severity Predictors in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Lonsane Abhijeet , Chopra R. K. , Jayamani Mohanakrishnan
Published: July 2022

Background: COVID-19 disease caused by SARS CoV-2 has rapidly spread worldwide and became a global concern for human health. Computed Tomography (CT) scan facility is not readily available in remote areas in developing nations like India. Previous studies have revealed the utility of CRP, LDH and other biomarkers in predicting the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia in resource limited settings and thus can help in stratification and early critical care transfer.

Objective: The current study aimed to determine correlation between inflammatory markers with CT severity score to predict extent of COVID-19 pneumonitis. 

Materials And Methods: A total of 240 patients more than 18 years of age hospitalized with COVID-19 confirmed diagnosis either by RT-PCR test or by Rapid Antigen Test were assessed in this monocentric prospective observational study at our center, Pune, India. CT severity score and blood parameters such hemogram, hsCRP, LDH, Ferritin, IL-6 and D-dimer levels documented on the day of admission. The total CT score was the sum of five individual lobar scores and defined as: 0, none; 1–5, minimal; 6–10, mild; 11–15, moderate; and 16–20, severe lung involvement.

Results- Mean age of patient in clinically critical cases (61.40 years) was higher than those with moderate (55 years) and non-severe clinical presentation cases (50.51years). 180 (75%) subjects were having non-severe clinical presentation followed by 31 (12.9%) subjects with severe and 29 (12.1%) subjects were having critical clinical presentation on admission. hsCRP & LDH were having more correlation coefficient with CT severity score (0.599 & 0.570 respectively). The ROC analysis revealed that area under curve for hsCRP and  LDH on the day of hospitalization for predicting severe lung involvement was 0.796 at cut-off of 8.65 mg/dl (Sensitivity 76.9%, Specificity 74.9%) and 0.919 at cut-off of 425 U/L (Sensitivity 84.6%, Specificity 84.1%).

Conclusion: On the basis of strong significant association with CT severity; hsCRP and LDH levels can be used to predict extent of lung involvement in chest CT in COVID-19 disease, thereby it will help in early triage and critical care transfer of patients to ensure optimal resource allocation in peripheral areas with limited facilities.
Quality Assessment of the Water Sources in the IDP Camps a Case Study of IDP Camp in Borno Nigeria
Authors: Ifeanyichukwu Nkeleme Emmanuel , Asabe H. Mshelbara , James Okereke Chigozie , Ugonna Igbojiaku Anthony , Chima Osuagwu Andrew
Published: July 2022

The conflict between the Nigerian state armed group and a non-state armed group in the North East has led to the displacement of over 2.1 million Internal Displaced Persons (IDPs) in camps and host communities. This has placed a heavy burden on the government and other non-Governmental organizations in the provision of aides to reduce the suffering of these people, especially women and children. The question of the quality and adequacy of water and its health implication on the IDPs have to remain evasive and unanswered due to the security threat of carrying out research in such security flashpoints. The research against all odds sought to analyze the quality of water (physical, chemical, and bacteriological) of the water, its availability/source, and the ease of getting the water in the camps. It was conducted with the use of a structured questionnaire distributed in 12 out of the 16 official IDP camps studied with a sample of water taken and analyzed in the Maiduguri NAFDAC office. The research revealed among others that water provision is inadequate for the IDPs as observed in the camps visited. Also, the distance traveled, and time spent at a fetching point is none conforming to both SPHERE and UNHCR standards. The laboratory finding for water quality assessment indicates that there is the presence of physical, biological, and chemical contaminants harmful to health. The research findings from the camp defy the standard provisions for IDPs in both UNHCR and SPHERE. The research recommends that the Federal Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs, Disaster Management, and Social Development needs to enforce strict compliance with the humanitarian standards in the Nigerian national policy on internally displaced persons in Nigeria to enhance better life of the IDPs in the formal and informal camps.
Mimnermos of Kolophon (Mimnermus of Colophon)
Authors: Hernández Juan Pablo Sánchez
Published: July 2022

Mimnermos of Kolophon (ca. 670–ca. 600
bce
) was an elegiac poet. He was the author of
Nanno
, a collection of short love elegies and mythological narratives in two books. His work is preserved only fragmentarily, but he made a lasting impression on Hellenistic and Roman poets, who appreciated his elegant compositions.
Apulum/Alba Iulia (Romania)
Authors: Alexandrescu Cristina‐Georgeta
Published: July 2022

Apulum was the most important urban settlement of Roman Dacia as well as the camp of the Legio XIII Gemina.
Vulci
Authors: Fuhrmann‐Schembri Elisabeth
Published: July 2022

Vulci is situated in a strategic position in central Etruria and was a member of the Etruscan League of twelve cities. It flourished around the sixth century
bce
and retained an important role during the early Roman period. Fine examples of funerary art such as vases, bronze objects, sarcophagi, and tomb paintings illustrate its cultural–political development and art historical value.
Orphanages
Authors: Nathan Geoffrey
Published: July 2022

The prevalence of orphans in the past meant that ancient Mediterranean societies provided both formal and informal kinds of support for minors who had lost one or both parents. Greek, Roman and Judaic traditions understood them as a marginalized group worthy of special care. After the legalization of Christianity in the fourth century
ce
, the first orphanages were founded as part of a larger development of charitable institutions run by the church and often with state support. Monastic houses also often served to provide physical and educational care of the parentless.
Assinnum
Authors: Nissinen Martti
Published: July 2022

Persons termed
assinnu
(
m
), attested in cuneiform sources from the mid‐third to the late first millennium
bce,
were devotees of the goddess Ishtar/Inanna. They engaged in various functions, including ritual processions, healing, purification, and prophecy. Their gender performance was unusual because they embodied Ishtar's own transgression of sexual boundaries.
Marduk‐apla‐iddin II (Merodach‐baladan)
Authors: Frahm Eckart
Published: July 2022

Marduk‐apla‐iddin II, known from the Bible as Merodach‐baladan, was a leader of the Chaldaean “tribe” of Bit‐Yakin who ruled as king of Babylon from 722 to 710
bce
and then again for nine months in 704 or 703.
Prophecy and oracles in the ancient Near East
Authors: Nissinen Martti
Published: July 2022

All we know of prophets and prophecy in the ancient Near East depends on written sources and various types of textual transmission. Written documents, such as oracles, letters, administrative texts, and literary works show that prophecy was a consistent feature of the Near Eastern socio‐religious milieu. Outside the Hebrew Bible, the two principal groups of sources come from the eighteenth‐century archives of Mari and the seventh‐century archives of Nineveh. More evidence is provided by individual texts from the twenty‐first to second century
bce
from different parts of the ancient Near East.
Sargon II of Assyria
Authors: Frahm Eckart
Published: July 2022

Sargon II was king of Assyria from 722 to 705
bce
; from 710 to 705, he was also king of Babylon. His actual Assyrian name was
Sharru‐ukin
; the name form “Sargon” is derived from the Hebrew Bible (Isa 20:1).
Sennacherib
Authors: Frahm Eckart
Published: July 2022

Sennacherib was a king of Assyria who ruled from 705 to 681
bce
. He undertook several far‐reaching military campaigns.
Troesmis (Turcoaia), Tulcea County, Romania
Authors: Alexandrescu Cristina‐Georgeta
Published: July 2022

Located at a strategic point on the right bank of the lower Danube, Troesmis was originally a Thraco‐Getic settlement/fortress. The site later developed into a Roman legionary fortress and
municipium
in
Moesia inferior
and later
Scythia minor
.
Troizen
Authors: Giannopoulou Maria
Published: July 2022

Troizen, the legendary motherland of Theseus, has a rich history, having flourished continuously from the Middle Bronze Age until Late Antiquity. The city of the historical period was founded in Protogeometric times, as the earliest burials in its cemetery demonstrate. In 480
bce
the Greek fleet assembled in its harbor, Pogon, before the battle of Salamis, and the Troizenians offered hospitality to Athenian families obliged to abandon their city. During the Persian War Troizen participated in the battles of Artemisium, Salamis, Plataia and Mykale. In the Peloponnesian War it sided with the Lacedaemonians, and in 243
bce
it joined the Achaian League.
GGPS1‐associated muscular dystrophy with and without hearing loss
Authors: Kaiyrzhanov Rauan , Perry Luke , Rocca Clarissa , Zaki Maha S. , Hosny Heba , Araujo Martins Moreno Cristiane , Phadke Rahul , Zaharieva Irina , Camelo Gontijo Clara , Beetz Christian , Pini Veronica , Movahedinia Mojtaba , Zanoteli Edmar , DiTroia Stephanie , Vuillaumier‐Barrot Sandrine , Isapof Arnaud , Mehrjardi Mohammad Yahya Vahidi , Ghasemi Nasrin , Sarkozy Anna , Muntoni Francesco , Whalen Sandra , Vona Barbara , Houlden Henry , Maroofian Reza
Published: July 2022

Ultra‐rare biallelic pathogenic variants in geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 1 (GGPS1) have recently been associated with muscular dystrophy/hearing loss/ovarian insufficiency syndrome. Here, we describe 11 affected individuals from four unpublished families with ultra‐rare missense variants in GGPS1 and provide follow‐up details from a previously reported family. Our cohort replicated most of the previously described clinical features of GGPS1 deficiency; however, hearing loss was present in only 46% of the individuals. This report consolidates the disease‐causing role of biallelic variants in GGPS1 and demonstrates that hearing loss and ovarian insufficiency might be a variable feature of the GGPS1‐associated muscular dystrophy.
Fading affect bias in Mexico: Differential fading of emotional intensity in death memories and everyday negative memories
Authors: Bond Gary D. , Speller Lassiter F. , Jiménez Jaqueline Coeto , Smith Danielle , Marin Perla G. , Greenham Melanie B. , Holman Rebecka D. , Varela Edward
Published: July 2022

Fading affect bias (FAB) is a phenomenon wherein the intensity of negative emotions associated with an autobiographical memory decrease more rapidly than the intensity of positive emotions. The present study had three aims: (1) to determine whether FAB could be replicated in extreme event memories (the loss of loved ones) in the Mexican culture; (2) to determine whether greater fading would occur in psychologically closed compared to unresolved memories; and (3) whether depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) moderate FAB. Mexican community members' positive, negative, and memories for the loss of loved ones were recorded. Emotional intensity was rated at the time the event occurred and currently. Memories for the death of loved ones showed fading, but not as much fading as that shown in everyday negative memories. Fading was not related to memory resolution. Participants with greater PTSD symptoms showed lower fading affect across all memories.
Development of a Prediction Model for COVID‐19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients With Rheumatic Diseases: Results From the Global Rheumatology Alliance Registry
Authors: Izadi Zara , Gianfrancesco Milena A. , Aguirre Alfredo , Strangfeld Anja , Mateus Elsa F. , Hyrich Kimme L. , Gossec Laure , Carmona Loreto , Lawson‐Tovey Saskia , Kearsley‐Fleet Lianne , Schaefer Martin , Seet Andrea M. , Schmajuk Gabriela , Jacobsohn Lindsay , Katz Patricia , Rush Stephanie , Al‐Emadi Samar , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Hsu Tiffany Y‐T , Patel Naomi J. , Wise Leanna , Gilbert Emily , Duarte‐García Alí , Valenzuela‐Almada Maria O. , Ugarte‐Gil Manuel F. , Ribeiro Sandra Lúcia Euzébio , de Oliveira Marinho Adriana , de Azevedo Valadares Lilian David , Giuseppe Daniela Di , Hasseli Rebecca , Richter Jutta G. , Pfeil Alexander , Schmeiser Tim , Isnardi Carolina A. , Reyes Torres Alvaro A. , Alle Gelsomina , Saurit Verónica , Zanetti Anna , Carrara Greta , Labreuche Julien , Barnetche Thomas , Herasse Muriel , Plassart Samira , Santos Maria José , Rodrigues Ana Maria , Robinson Philip C. , Machado Pedro M. , Sirotich Emily , Liew Jean W. , Hausmann Jonathan S. , Sufka Paul , Grainger Rebecca , Bhana Suleman , Costello Wendy , Wallace Zachary S. , Yazdany Jinoos ,   Global Rheumatology Alliance Registry
Published: July 2022

Objective

Some patients with rheumatic diseases might be at higher risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We aimed to develop a prediction model for COVID‐19 ARDS in this population and to create a simple risk score calculator for use in clinical settings.

Methods

Data were derived from the COVID‐19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Registry from March 24, 2020, to May 12, 2021. Seven machine learning classifiers were trained on ARDS outcomes using 83 variables obtained at COVID‐19 diagnosis. Predictive performance was assessed in a US test set and was validated in patients from four countries with independent registries using area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. A simple risk score calculator was developed using a regression model incorporating the most influential predictors from the best performing classifier.

Results

The study included 8633 patients from 74 countries, of whom 523 (6%) had ARDS. Gradient boosting had the highest mean AUC (0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67‐0.88) and was considered the top performing classifier. Ten predictors were identified as key risk factors and were included in a regression model. The regression model that predicted ARDS with 71% (95% CI: 61%‐83%) sensitivity in the test set, and with sensitivities ranging from 61% to 80% in countries with independent registries, was used to develop the risk score calculator.

Conclusion

We were able to predict ARDS with good sensitivity using information readily available at COVID‐19 diagnosis. The proposed risk score calculator has the potential to guide risk stratification for treatments, such as monoclonal antibodies, that have potential to reduce COVID‐19 disease progression.
Could use of ‘preaddiction’ lead to more effective front‐end care?
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: July 2022

A trio of prominent leaders in addiction research have authored a commentary that argues for more attention in treatment for individuals at lower levels of illness severity. Their attempt to advance the term “preaddiction” is bound to inspire spirited dialogue about the use of language and the potential role of mainstream substance use treatment organizations in assisting a wider diversity of patients.
SAMHSA's new 988 “lifeline” not just for suicide
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2022

This month the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) is beginning the transition from the 10‐digit National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (Lifeline) to the three‐digit 988. This number is not just for suicide, but all kinds of mental health and other crises. The launch follows a three‐year joint effort by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Federal Communications Commission (FCC), and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to make crisis care more available and is part of President Biden's strategy to address the mental health crisis in the country. The cost was $432
million. Initially, the investment was only $24
million.
Intelligent Off/On Switchable Microwave Absorption Performance of Reduced Graphene Oxide/VO2 Composite Aerogel
Authors: Cheng Zheng , Wang Ruofeng , Cao Yishu , Cai Zhihao , Zhang Zhiwei , Huang Yi
Published: July 2022

Intelligent microwave absorption (MA) materials possess the ability to dynamically change their microwave absorption performance, according to real‐time requirements, and it is of great significance in future civil and military fields. For the first time, the reduced graphene oxide/VO2 composite aerogels are developed with off/on switchable MA performance, and the switchable mechanism is originated from the unique phase change behavior of VO2. As temperature increases (>68 °C), the VO2 displays the phase change from monoclinic to rutile phase, which accompanies with significant changes in aerogel's electrical conductivity as well as its permittivity, and consequently leads to off/on switchable MA performance. Particularly, two different off/on switch modes, “on to off” and “off to on”, can be separately realized by different composite aerogels as temperature increases, and this off/on switchable MA performance is also confirmed with good cycling stability. More importantly, during the off/on switch process, the maximum changes for the effective absorption bands (ΔEAB) and RL values (ΔRL) can be as high as 7.27 GHz and 49 dB, which exceeds most current reports. Besides, the RCS simulations on aircrafts have been performed and verified this intelligent MA performance, thus providing useful guidance for next‐generation smart electromagnetic devices in various fields.
Interfacial Engineering of Heterostructured Co(OH)2/NiPx Nanosheets for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Chen Mingxing , Li Huijie , Wu Cailing , Liang Yubo , Qi Jing , Li Jing , Shangguan Enbo , Zhang Wei , Cao Rui
Published: July 2022

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a bottleneck for the overall water splitting. Electrocatalysts with superior activity and stability are still highly desired. Herein, a stepwise electrochemical strategy is developed to prepare Co(OH)2/NiPx nanosheet arrays with intimate and abundant heterostructures. The Co(OH)2 nanosheets, which are first electrodeposited on a blank carbon cloth electrode, serve as the substrate for the nucleation and growth of NiPx. The resultant heterointerfaces are well regulated by altering the loading of NiPx. The heterostructured Co(OH)2/NiPx with optimal NiPx loading demonstrate significantly enhanced conductivity and hydrophilicity, which greatly facilitate electron and mass transfer. In addition, strong electronic interaction between Co(OH)2 and NiPx is observed, favoring the generation of high‐valence cobalt center, thus the electrocatalytic performances toward OER are remarkably improved. The heterostructured Co(OH)2/NiPx nanosheets achieve the current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 236 mV, while the corresponding values for Co(OH)2 and the benchmark Ir/C are 292 and 262 mV, respectively. This study provides a facile and effective strategy to fabricate transition metal hydroxide/phosphide composite nanomaterials with intimate heterostructures, enhanced conductivity, and improved wettability, which opens a new direction for the design of highly active electrocatalysts.
Novel 3D Printing Encapsulation Strategies for Perovskite Photodetectors
Authors: Zhao Feiyu , Luo Xiao , Gu Chenjie , Chen Jiamin , Hu Ziyang , Peng Yingquan
Published: July 2022

This work presents two different encapsulation strategies for perovskite photodetectors by testing the device stability under elevated ambient humidity of 85% and room temperature (25 °C). The single layer structure is adopted in the devices in order to accelerate the aging tests. The best stability (retention of ≈90% of initial photoresponsivity on average after 24 h, and ≈73% after 168 h) is obtained for devices protected by a flexible UV‐curable resin shell and encapsulated with AB epoxy including a desiccant sheet. The effects of the epoxy outgassing, the presence of desiccant, and the bending ability of encapsulated devices are also investigated. Additionally, with the assistance of 3D printing technology, a new possibility of research in the aspect of electrical device encapsulation is developed. Rapid iterative modifications in materials, shape, inner structure, and easy integration with outer component like desiccant ball/sheet make 3D printing assistance an ideal solution for the design of the encapsulation configuration and its early verification. This work not only opens up an optimal way for perovskite encapsulation by the 3D printing technology, but also provides an ideal solution for the design of the encapsulation configuration and its early verification.
Ultra‐Lightweight, Highly Permeable, and Waterproof Fibrous Organic Electrochemical Transistors for On‐Skin Bioelectronics
Authors: Chen Shuai , Hou Kunqi , Li Ting , Wu Xihu , Wang Zhe , Wei Lei , Leong Wei Lin
Published: July 2022

Recently emerged on‐skin electronics with applications in human–machine interfaces and on‐body healthy monitoring call for the development of high‐performance skin‐like electrodes and semiconducting polymers. The development of waterproof and breathable membranes that can provide a high level of protection for human skins and a comfortable contact between electronics and skin are the pressing demands for on‐skin electronics. However, major challenges remain, such as the limited mechanical durability and permeability of gas and liquid, hindering long‐term stability and reusability. Herein, a fibrous electrolyte containing polymer matrix and ionic liquid, which is highly robust, breathable, waterproof, and conformal with human skin is reported. Serving as fibrous substrate and electrolyte of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), a high transconductance of ≈0.8 mS, stability over pulsing and time (≈1000 cycles and 30 days) are achieved. The softness of fibrous OECTs enables a comfortable contact after attaching to human skin, which can reduce the interfacial impedance to achieve a high‐quality local amplification of the electrocardiography signals (signal‐to‐noise ratio of 21.7 dB) even in skin squeezed state or after one week. These results indicated that our fibrous OECTs have huge potential for versatile on‐skin electronics such as non‐invasive medical monitoring, soft sensors, and textile electronics.
Cooperative NHC/Photoredox Catalysis: Three Component Radical Coupling of Aroyl Fluorides, Styrenes and Alcohols
Authors: Döben Nadine , Reimler Jannik , Studer Armido
Published: July 2022

Cooperative NHC/photoredox catalysis has emerged as an important research field in recent years. Herein, the use of tertiary alcohols as alkyl radical precursors to perform three component radical coupling with styrenes and aroyl fluorides for the preparation of α‐arylated alkyl aryl ketones is described. Reaction of an aroyl fluoride with the NHC catalyst provides an acyl azolium ion that can be reduced by the photoredox catalyst to the corresponding ketyl radical anion. Oxidatively generated C‐radicals derived from the alcohol add to the styrene derivative and subsequent cross coupling of the adduct radical with the ketyl radical delivers after NHC fragmentation the targeted ketone.

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Necrobotics: Biotic Materials as Ready‐to‐Use Actuators
Authors: Yap Te Faye , Liu Zhen , Rajappan Anoop , Shimokusu Trevor J. , Preston Daniel J.
Published: July 2022

Designs perfected through evolution have informed bioinspired animal‐like robots that mimic the locomotion of cheetahs and the compliance of jellyfish; biohybrid robots go a step further by incorporating living materials directly into engineered systems. Bioinspiration and biohybridization have led to new, exciting research, but humans have relied on biotic materials—non‐living materials derived from living organisms—since their early ancestors wore animal hides as clothing and used bones for tools. In this work, an inanimate spider is repurposed as a ready‐to‐use actuator requiring only a single facile fabrication step, initiating the area of “necrobotics” in which biotic materials are used as robotic components. The unique walking mechanism of spiders—relying on hydraulic pressure rather than antagonistic muscle pairs to extend their legs—results in a necrobotic gripper that naturally resides in its closed state and can be opened by applying pressure. The necrobotic gripper is capable of grasping objects with irregular geometries and up to 130% of its own mass. Furthermore, the gripper can serve as a handheld device and innately camouflages in outdoor environments. Necrobotics can be further extended to incorporate biotic materials derived from other creatures with similar hydraulic mechanisms for locomotion and articulation.