bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Civil Society Engagement and Policy Representation in Europe
Authors: Rasmussen Anne , Reher Stefanie
Published: March 2019

Since Tocqueville linked the quality of democracy in America to its vibrant civic culture, studies have explored the relationship between social capital and the quality of governance. Yet, few have examined the mechanisms between individual components of social capital and democracy in depth. This study focuses on the link between one component of social capital, civil society engagement, and the linkage between public opinion and policy. It argues that engagement in associations with an interest in the policy issue may stimulate correspondence between public opinion and policy through their ability to collect and disseminate information to policy makers and the public. The analysis of 20 specific policy issues from 30 European countries confirms these expectations: Issues that experience a high level of associational engagement display a stronger relationship between public opinion and policy. The findings underline the role civil society organizations can play in policy representation beyond engaging in interest advocacy.
The Rise of Segmented Neo-Corporatism in South America: Wage Coordination in Argentina and Uruguay (2005-2015)
Authors: Etchemendy Sebastián
Published: March 2019

Argentina and Uruguay are the only democracies in Latin America (among few in the world) that have developed sustained, state-oriented national and sectoral wage bargaining between employers and unions after 2005. The article defines “segmented neo-corporatism” as a new form of centralized incomes policy in the region that applies to a substantial portion (i.e., registered workers), though not to all the labor force. Drawing on neo-corporatist theory, I explain, first, why only Argentina and Uruguay could consolidate a centralized, national wage policy in the context of the Latin American Left-Turn. Second, I test empirically the degree of state-oriented wage coordination. The study argues that monetary policy deterrence and higher levels of bargaining centralization largely explain the greater capacity of Uruguayan neo-corporatism to govern wage-setting compared with its Argentine counterpart. Finally, the article puts segmented neo-corporatism in comparative perspective in the developing world and draws some theoretical implications.
The Cultus of our Lady at Glastonbury Abbey: 1184–1539
Authors: Hopkinson – Ball Timothy
Published: March 2019

This paper studies devotion to St Mary at Glastonbury Abbey. Drawing on disparate sources, this will be discussed in three ways: firstly, the architectural development of the Lady Chapel; secondly, the ‘miraculous’ image of the Virgin which the chapel contained; and thirdly, the visual presentation and workings of the cultus. Finally, the argument is advanced that devotion to Our Lady was vital throughout the monastery's history and that its significance, both as primary cultus and as instrumental in the growth and presentation of the late medieval devotion to St Joseph of Arimathea at Glastonbury, have previously been overlooked.
Cardiac Measures of Cognitive Workload: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hughes Ashley M. , Hancock Gabriella M. , Marlow Shannon L. , Stowers Kimberly , Salas Eduardo
Published: March 2019

Objective:

We aimed to provide an assessment of the impact of workload manipulations on various cardiac measurements. We further sought to determine the most effective measurement approaches of cognitive workload as well as quantify the conditions under which these measures are most effective for interpretation.

Background:

Cognitive workload affects human performance, particularly when load is relatively high (overload) or low (underload). Despite ongoing interest in assessing cognitive workload through cardiac measures, it is currently unclear which cardiac-based assessments best indicate cognitive workload. Although several quantitative studies and qualitative reviews have sought to provide guidance, no meta-analytic integration of cardiac assessment(s) of cognitive workload exists to date.

Method:

We used Morris and DeShon’s meta-analytic procedures to quantify the changes in cardiac measures due to task load conditions.

Results:

Sample-weighted Cohen’s d values suggest that several metrics of cardiac activity demonstrate sensitivity in response to cognitive workload manipulations. Heart rate variability measures show sensitivity to task load, conditions of event rate, and task duration. Authors of future work should seek to quantify the utility of leveraging multiple metrics to understand workload.

Conclusion:

Results suggest that assessment of cognitive workload can be done using various cardiac activity indicators. Further, given the number of valid and reliable measures available, researchers and practitioners should base their selection of a psychophysiological measure on the experimental and practical concerns inherent to their task/protocol.

Applications:

Findings bear implications for future assessment of cognitive workload within basic and applied settings. Future research should seek to validate conditions under which measurements are best interpreted, including but not limited to individual differences.
Political equality for women and the poor: Assessing the effects and limits of world society, 1975–2010
Authors: Cole Wade M , Perrier Gaëlle
Published: February 2019

Empirical tests of world society theory routinely analyze the effects of country-level linkages to international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) on countries’ policies and practices. Analysts regard INGOs as “conveyor belts” that transport cultural models and scripts to countries around the globe. We modify this mechanistic interpretation by shifting focus to the broader institutional and cultural environments in which INGOs operate. Using data for an unbalanced panel of 126 countries between 1975 and 2010, we examine the effect of INGO linkages on the distribution of political power by gender and socioeconomic status. We find that INGOs are much stronger predictors of political equality for women than for the poor, and we argue that these differential effects reflect broader world-cultural conditions. Women’s rights are highly institutionalized in world society, which enhances the effectiveness of INGOs. Socioeconomic rights discourses, conversely, are comparatively less institutionalized and more contested, especially following the neoliberal turn.
Improving engineering students’ writing/presentation skills using laboratory/mini-project report
Authors: Masoud Mahmoud Ibrahim , Al Muhtaseb Ala'a H
Published: March 2019

Effective learning has many and different disciplines, one of them is the improvement of students’ soft skills which include different abilities, such as presentation, communicating, teamwork, time/project management and effective writing. This paper addresses the improvement of writing skills, particularly when writing a technical laboratory or mini-project report is used. The report should contain all the factors that enhance students’ writing using the appropriate language and conventions. Here, we investigate the students’ performance and response when applying the proposed guidelines and recommendations for the suggested structure of mini-projects or laboratory reports. The analysis contains a discussion of a case study conducted over 12 consecutive terms to assess student performance in four different courses using the proposed report structure. Moreover, it includes a discussion about the students’ response for the questionnaire which explores students’ satisfaction with the assigned lab tasks and proposed structure for five consecutive terms for a specific course, namely electrical machines.
Working Memory Training in Children: A Review of Basic Methodological Criteria
Authors: Vernucci Santiago , Canet Juric Lorena , Introzzi Isabel , Richard’s María M.
Published: February 2019

Working memory is a process of great relevance during childhood due to its role in diverse complex skills. Like the rest of executive functions, it is highly sensitive to environmental influences, so it is assumed that it could be modified through targeted interventions. A large number of working memory training studies in children aim to achieve transfer effects both on this process and on those with which it is related. Although some promising results have been found, the efficacy of working memory training cannot be affirmed; methodological quality of studies is one of the main reasons for this. Compliance with basic methodological criteria (inclusion of a control group that must preferably be active, random assignment of participants to groups) has a great impact on the internal validity of the studies. Furthermore, the need to control for the effects of motivational factors associated with the intervention is added and emphasized. This study reviews the fulfillment of these criteria in process-based working memory training literature in children, analyzing its impact on internal validity. Limitations of the field in relation to the lack of compliance with the proposed criteria are discussed and alternatives are suggested in order to improve the quality of future studies.
The Quagmire that is an Unwillingness to Report: Situating the Code of Silence Within the Chinese Police Context
Authors: Wu Guangzhen , Makin David A.
Published: March 2019

This study examines the individual, organizational, and ecological factors influencing police officers’ adherence to the code of silence, while accounting for their evaluation of the seriousness of each identified behavior. This study collected 353 responses from a sample of police officers receiving in-service training at a national police university in China. Results show salient influences for several individual and ecological factors contributing to the extent of the code of silence and those influences varied based on the type of behavior. In addition, this study lends further support to an emerging body of research suggesting Chinese police display a strong code of silence, although the existence and perpetuation of that code must take into consideration unique cultural practices within China.
Generation and Retrieval Practice Effects in the Classroom Using PeerWise
Authors: Kelley Matthew R. , Chapman-Orr Elizabeth K. , Calkins Susanna , Lemke Robert J.
Published: March 2019

The present study explored the generation and retrieval practice effects within a college classroom using a free, online tool called PeerWise (PW). PW allows students to create their own multiple-choice questions, share them with peers, and answer the shared questions written by their peers. Forty students from two sections of an upper level cognitive psychology course authored and answered multiple-choice questions as part of a semester-long assignment. Analyses showed reliable generation and retrieval practice effects following PW usage, along with a significant improvement in exam performance.
Amenities, economic opportunities and patterns of migration at the city level in China
Authors: Yu Zhonglei , Zhang Hua , Tao Zhuolin , Liang Jinshe
Published: March 2019

This paper used a bootstrapped linear regression model to examine the role of amenities and economic opportunities in migration patterns in China based on the 2010 census at the city level. The results reveal that striking disparities characterize migration at the city level in China. Most migrants tend to move into several major cities in urban agglomerations in the eastern coastal region and provincial inland capitals. The cities farther away from provincial capitals have weak inflows and even suffer from serious population loss. The results suggest that job opportunities and wages contribute to the uneven pattern of migration in China even as amenities have also become important pull factors of migration. Regarding amenities, migrants prefer to move into cities with warm winters, less-humid summers, clean urban environments and friendly and open social climates. Social services, including facilities for education, recreation and commuting, also play an important role in attracting migrants. Findings from the study improve our understanding of China's internal migration and contribute to the debate on the role of economic opportunities and amenities in migration.
Parenthood Is Associated With Greater Well-Being for Fathers Than Mothers
Authors: Nelson-Coffey S. Katherine , Killingsworth Matthew , Layous Kristin , Cole Steve W. , Lyubomirsky Sonja
Published: March 2019

The experiences of mothers and fathers are different in ways that could affect their well-being. Yet few studies have comprehensively examined gender differences in parents’ well-being. In the current research, we investigated such gender differences in a large representative sample (Study 1a; N = 13,007), in a community sample using validated well-being measures (Study 1b; N = 472), and in a large experience sampling study measuring happiness during caregiving activities and during interactions with children (Study 2; N = 4,930). Fathers reported greater happiness, subjective well-being, psychological need satisfaction, and daily uplifts than did men without children (Studies 1a and 1b). During caregiving experiences, fathers reported greater happiness, whereas mothers reported lower happiness, compared with their other activities. Fathers also reported relatively higher happiness when interacting with their children than did mothers (Study 2). Across all three studies and more than 18,000 participants, parenthood was associated with more positive well-being outcomes for fathers than for mothers.
Changes in the Incentive Contracts of Takeover Targets After Merger Failures
Authors: Li Lin , Tong Wilson H. S. , Cheng Peter
Published: March 2019

This article investigates the changes in and the impacts of the incentive contracts of target firms that survived takeover attempts. Managers of unsuccessful takeover targets that performed poorly prior to takeover attempts received lower compensation and severance payment relative to their counterparts in successful takeover targets, and they benefited less from the completion of the acquisitions. Following the failure of the attempted bids, target firms improved their executives’ compensation packages and exhibited better subsequent firm performance with stronger pay–performance sensitivity. The compensation change was more evident in firms with weaker corporate governance structures before the takeover attempts. The evidence suggests that the external takeover market can have positive impacts by invoking internal control mechanisms, even without a successful merger.
‘This is (not) Entertainment!’: media constructions of political scandal discourses in the 2016 US presidential election
Authors: Vorberg Laura , Zeitler Anna
Published: March 2019

The phenomenon of scandal(ization) has become omnipresent in contemporary political media discourses – at the latest since the 2016 US presidential election. Our article addresses causes and effects of this recent prevalence of scandal narratives. By connecting concepts from social systems theory and media theory, we consider crucial practices and processes of scandal construction in the 2016 US presidential election, focusing on the much-noticed emailgate and trumptape scandals. Both examples serve to illustrate how the emergence of partial public spheres in social media may lead to a fight for sovereignty over scandal discourse, political attitudes, and the negotiation of social norms, morals, and values.
The impact of pre-task planning on speaking test performance for English-medium university admission
Authors: O’Grady Stefan
Published: March 2019

This study investigated the impact of different lengths of pre-task planning time on performance in a test of second language speaking ability for university admission. In the study, 47 Turkish-speaking learners of English took a test of English language speaking ability. The participants were divided into two groups according to their language proficiency, which was estimated through a paper-based English placement test. They each completed four monologue tasks: two picture-based narrative tasks and two description tasks. In a balanced design, each test taker was allowed a different length of planning time before responding to each of the four tasks. The four planning conditions were 30 seconds, 1 minute, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes. Trained raters awarded scores to the test takers using an analytic rating scale and a context-specific, binary-choice rating scale, designed specifically for the study. The results of the rater scores were analysed by using a multifaceted Rasch measurement. The impact of pre-task planning on test scores was found to be influenced by four variables: the rating scale; the task type that test takers completed; the length of planning time provided; and the test takers’ levels of proficiency in the second language. Increases in scores were larger on the picture-based narrative tasks than on the two description tasks. The results also revealed a relationship between proficiency and pre-task planning, whereby statistical significance was only reached for the increases in the scores of the lowest-level test takers. Regarding the amount of planning time, the 5-minute planning condition led to the largest overall increases in scores. The research findings offer contributions to the study of pre-task planning and will be of particular interest to institutions seeking to assess the speaking ability of prospective students in English-medium educational environments.
On the role of orthography in L2 vowel production: The case of Polish learners of German
Authors: Nimz Katharina , Khattab Ghada
Published: March 2019

This study investigates the role of orthography in German vowel production by Polish native speakers (L1) with German as a second language (L2). Eighteen intermediate to advanced Polish L2 German learners and 20 German native speakers were recorded during a picture-naming task in which half of the experimental items were explicitly marked in their orthographic representation for their vowel length (short or long). Duration measurements revealed that explicit orthographic marking helped the Polish L2 German learners produce the short-long contrast more native-like. Regarding vowel quality, group differences were interpreted to have been caused by (in)congruencies between L1 and L2 grapheme-to-phoneme correspondences. These findings have important implications for models of L2 speech learning and pronunciation training.
Estimating Long-Term Survival for Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated with Chimeric Antigen Receptor Therapy: A Comparison of Standard and Mixture Cure Models
Authors: Bansal Aasthaa , Sullivan Sean D. , Lin Vincent W. , Purdum Anna G. , Navale Lynn , Cheng Paul , Ramsey Scott D.
Published: March 2019

Patients treated with anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies have shown either sustained remission or rapid progression. Traditional survival modeling may underestimate outcomes in these situations, by assuming the same mortality rate for all patients. To illustrate this issue, we compare standard parametric models to mixture cure models for estimating long-term overall survival in patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel). Compared to standard models without cure proportions, mixture cure models have similar fit, but substantially different extrapolated survival. Standard models (Weibull and generalized gamma) estimate mean survival of 2.0 years (95% CI (1.5, 3.0)) and 3.0 years (95% CI (1.7, 5.6)), respectively, compared to 15.7 years (95% CI (9.3, 21.1)) and 17.5 yrs (12.0, 22.8) from mixture cure models (using Weibull and generalized gamme distributions). For cancer therapies where substantial fractions achieve long term remission, our results suggest that assumptions of the modeling approach should be considered. Given sufficient follow-up, mixture cure models may provide a more accurate estimate of long-term overall survival compared with standard models.
Aiding Risk Information learning through Simulated Experience (ARISE): A Comparison of the Communication of Screening Test Information in Explicit and Simulated Experience Formats
Authors: Wegier Pete , Armstrong Bonnie A. , Shaffer Victoria A.
Published: March 2019

Objective. To determine whether the use of Aiding Risk Information learning through Simulated Experience (ARISE) to communicate conditional probabilities about maternal serum screening results for Down syndrome promotes more accurate positive predictive value (PPV) estimates and conceptual understanding of screening, compared with explicitly providing individuals with this information via numerical summary or icon array. Method. In experiment 1, 582 participants completed an online study in which they were asked to estimate the PPV and rate their attitudes toward a screening test when information was presented in either a description (required calculation of the PPV), explicit (PPV was provided and had to be identified), or an ARISE format (PPV was inferred through experience-based learning). In experiment 2, 316 participants estimated the PPV and rated their attitudes toward screening based on information presented in either an icon array (identify the icons that represent the PPV) or ARISE format. Results. In experiment 1, ARISE elicited the most accurate PPV estimates compared with the description and explicit formats, and both the explicit and ARISE formats led to more unfavorable attitudes toward screening. In experiment 2, both the icon array and ARISE resulted in similar PPV estimates; however, ARISE led to more negative attitudes toward screening. Conclusions. These findings suggest that ARISE may be superior to other formats in the communication of PPV information for screening tests. However, differences in the complexity of the formats vary and require further investigation.
Tumor heterogeneity in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma assessed by texture analysis of CT and conventional MRI: a potential marker of overall survival
Authors: Ren Jiliang , Yuan Ying , Shi Yiqian , Tao Xiaofeng
Published: March 2019

Background

The combined prognostic value of texture analysis on computed tomography (CT) and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOSCC) has rarely been reported.

Purpose

To evaluate the ability of texture-based heterogeneity indices extracted from CT and conventional MRI to predict the overall survival (OS) of OOSCC patients.

Material and Methods

Eighty-eight patients with OOSCC underwent contrast-enhanced CT, and T2-weighted (T2W) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (T1W) imaging. For each imaging protocol, four histogram (HISTO) and six gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) parameters were extracted. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to evaluate variation in inter-observer delineation. The association of clinicopathologic factors and texture parameters with OS was analyzed using log-rank testing and Cox regression. The Harrell Concordance Index (C-index) was used to evaluate the prognostic performance of the predictors and Cox model.

Results

Higher inter-observer delineation agreement of texture analysis on contrast-enhanced T1W imaging was observed relative to that on CT and T2W imaging. T stage ( P = 0.026, hazard ratio [HR] = 2.35), GLCM_Entropy on CT ( P = 0.003, HR = 3.15), and HISTO_Energy ( P = 0.036, HR = 0.27) and HISTO_Skewness ( P = 0.026, HR = 0.41) on contrast-enhanced T1W imaging were independent predictors for the OS of OOSCC patients. The multivariate Cox model performed strongly in predicting OS, with a significantly higher C-index than the independent predictors separately (C-index: 0.751 vs. 0.600–0.627, P < 0.005 for all).

Conclusion

Texture analysis using CT and conventional MRI could provide a valuable method for survival stratification of OOSCC patients.
Computerized texture analysis predicts histological invasiveness within lung adenocarcinoma manifesting as pure ground-glass nodules
Authors: Yang Yang , Wang Wei-Wei , Ren Yan , Jin Xian-Qiao , Zhu Quan-Dong , Peng Cheng-Tao , Liu Han-Qiu , Zhang Jun-Hai
Published: March 2019

Background

Differentiating histological invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma that manifest as pure ground-glass nodules (pGGNs) is challenging.

Purpose

To investigate the value of computerized texture analysis for predicting histological invasiveness of pulmonary adenocarcinoma that manifest as pGGNs.

Material and Methods

The study consisted of 138 patients with 142 pathologically confirmed lung adenocarcinomas who had undergone computed tomography (CT) imaging. Each nodule was manually segmented and 96 texture features were extracted automatically. Hierarchical cluster analysis, the ReliefF method, and a logistic regression model were used for dimension reduction and feature selection. Performance of the texture features was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

Pathologic analysis confirmed 26 adenocarcinomas in situ (AISs), 71 minimally invasive adenocarcinomas (MIAs), and 45 invasive adenocarcinomas (IACs). Seven best features (10 percentile, maximum 3D diameter, surface volume ratio, elongation, maximum probability, large area low gray level emphasis, and zone entropy) were chosen by using hierarchical cluster analysis and the ReliefF method. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed larger maximum 3D diameter, lower surface volume ratio, and higher zone entropy as independent differentiators of IACs (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.59, P = 0.011; OR = 0.47, P = 0.002; OR = 6.78, P = 0.001, respectively). The accuracy based on the logistic regression model using these features for differentiating IAC from AIS/MIA reached 78.7% with ROC analysis (AUC = 0.861; sensitivity = 78.0%; specificity = 80.0%).

Conclusion

In patients with pGGN, computerized texture analysis has the potential to differentiate histological invasiveness; maximum 3D diameter, surface volume ratio, and zone entropy in particular are independent differentiators of IACs from AISs and MIAs.
Mollicutes antibiotic resistance profile and presence of genital abnormalities in couples attending an infertility clinic
Authors: Maldonado-Arriaga Brenda , Escobar-Escamilla Noé , Pérez-Razo Juan Carlos , Alcaráz-Estrada Sofia Lizeth , Flores-Sánchez Ignacio , Moreno-García Daniel , Pérez-Cabeza de Vaca Rebeca , Mondragón-Terán Paul , Shaw Jonathan , Hernandez-Cortez Cecilia , Castro-Escarpulli Graciela , Suárez-Cuenca Juan Antonio
Published: March 2019

Objective

The present study aimed to identify Mollicutes infection in the reproductive system. We also examined the microbiological, biochemical, and antimicrobial profiles of Mollicutes infection, which are potentially associated with clinical reproductive abnormalities causing infertility in couples.

Methods

Thirty-seven couples who were attending an infertility clinic were enrolled. Detection of genital mycoplasmas was performed in cervicovaginal samples or male urethral swabs. Microbiological culture and biochemical and antimicrobial profiles were characterized using a Mycoplasma kit. The results were associated with reproductive abnormalities, as assessed by medical specialists from the infertility clinic.

Results

Up to 28.3% of all biological samples (n = 74) showed positive cultures. Bacterial isolates were Ureaplasma urealyticum (71.4%), Mycoplasma hominis (9.5%), or coinfections (19%). Most Mollicutes showed significant resistance to fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and tetracycline; and showed susceptibility to doxycycline, josamycin, and pristinamycin. The presence of resistant strains to any antibiotic was significantly associated with genital abnormalities (χ2 test, relative risk = 11.38 [95% confidence interval: 5.8–22.9]), particularly in women. The highest statistical association was found for macrolide-resistant strains.

Conclusion

The microbiological antibiotic resistance profile is epidemiologically associated with abnormalities of the reproductive system in couples attending an infertility clinic.
The relationship and threshold of serum phosphate with regard to the 28-day mortality risk in sepsis patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Wang Hai , Bai Zheng-Hai , Lv Jun-Hua , Sun Jiang-Li , Shi Yu , Zhang Zheng-Liang , Pei Hong-Hong
Published: March 2019

Objective

To investigate the association between serum phosphate levels and the risk of 28-day mortality in critically-ill patients with septic acute kidney injury (AKI) undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).

Methods

This retrospective cohort study analysed data from critically-ill patients with septic AKI who underwent CRRT between January 2009 and September 2016. Demographic, clinical and routine biochemical data were retrieved from a database and analysed to identify risk factors for 28-day mortality.

Results

A total of 796 patients were included in the analyses. Multivariate regression analyses showed that phosphate (0 h), phosphate (24 h) and delta phosphate were associated with the 28-day mortality in patients with septic AKI undergoing CRRT. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.12 (1.03, 1.22), 1.22 (1.14, 1.30) and 1.12 (1.04, 1.20) for phosphate (0 h), phosphate (24 h) and delta phosphate, respectively. Curve fitting and threshold analyses showed that when phosphate (0 h) was between 5.6 mg/dl and 8.7 mg/dl, phosphate (24 h) was >3.8 mg/dl and delta phosphate was >–1, the 28-day mortality risk increased significantly.

Conclusion

In patients with septic AKI undergoing CRRT, serum phosphate level was associated with the prognosis of patients in terms of 28-day mortality.
Reactions of the American Jews to Trump’s Jerusalem Embassy Move: Continuation of the Historical Pattern?
Authors: Yavuz Hamza , Okur Mehmet Akif
Published: March 2019

Pro-Israeli politicians in Washington have long supported the relocation of the U.S. Embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. Nevertheless, contrary to the widespread belief, not all American Jews offer unconditional support to U.S. decisions taken in order to promote Israel’s national interests. In this article, interviews were conducted with representatives from various Jewish diaspora groups in United States shortly before and after the official declaration of the U.S. Embassy move in December 2017. This article documents that opinions of American Jews diverge significantly regarding Trump’s Jerusalem Embassy decision. This article argues that this divergence stems from Israel’s actions and policies toward the Palestinians since the late 1970s and political and religious divisions within the American Jewish community.
Predictors of Persistent Postoperative Pain at Minimum 2 Years After Arthroscopic Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Stone Austin V. , Malloy Philip , Beck Edward C. , Neal William H. , Waterman Brian R. , Bush-Joseph Charles A. , Nho Shane J.
Published: March 2019

Background:

Hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is a rapidly expanding field, and preoperative factors predictive of persistent postoperative pain are currently unknown.

Purpose:

To identify predictors for persistent postoperative pain at the site of surgery after hip arthroscopy for FAIS.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients who underwent hip arthroscopy for FAIS and had a minimum 2-year follow-up with patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were included in this study. Patients with previous open hip surgery and diagnoses other than FAIS were excluded. Patients were grouped by visual analog scale scores for pain as limited (<30) and persistent (≥30). Patient factors and outcomes were analyzed with univariate and correlation analyses to build a logistic regression model to identify predictors of persistent postoperative pain.

Results:

The limited pain (n = 514) and persistent pain (n = 174) groups totaled 688 patients (449 females). There was a statistically significant difference in age between groups, with the persistent pain group being older than the low pain group (35.9 ± 12.2 vs 32.4 ± 12.6, respectively; P = .002). Patients with persistent postoperative pain demonstrated significantly lower preoperative PRO scores in the Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living (57.6 ± 21.2 vs 67.7 ± 16.8), Hip Outcome Score–Sport Specific (35.9 ± 23.9 vs 44.1 ± 22.7), modified Harris Hip Score (51.6 ± 16.2 vs 59.6 ± 12.9), and International Hip Outcome Tool (32.0 ± 16.8 vs 40.0 ± 17.82) but no significant differences in preoperative visual analog scale scores for pain (7.3 ± 1.8 vs 7.2 ± 1.7). Mean postoperative PRO differences between pain groups were all statistically significant. Bivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that history of anxiety or depression (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.02-3.32; P = .042), revision hip arthroscopy (odds ratio, 8.6; 95% CI, 1.79-40.88; P = .007), and a low preoperative modified Harris Hip Score (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.99; P = .30) were predictors of persistent postoperative pain.

Conclusion:

Independent predictors for persistent postoperative pain include revision hip arthroscopy and mental health history positive for anxiety and depression. Our analysis demonstrated significant improvements in pain and functional PROs in the limited pain and persistent pain groups; however, those with persistent pain demonstrated significantly lower PRO scores.
Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture: Repair or Reconstruction? Two-Year Results of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Hoogeslag Roy A. G. , Brouwer Reinoud W. , Boer Barbara C. , de Vries Astrid J. , Huis in ‘t Veld Rianne
Published: March 2019

Background:

Contemporary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) suture repair techniques have been subject to renewed interest in recent years. Although several clinical studies have yielded good short-term results, high-quality evidence is lacking in regard to the effectiveness of this treatment compared with ACL reconstruction.

Hypothesis:

Dynamic augmented ACL suture repair is at least as effective as anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction for the treatment of acute ACL rupture in terms of patient self-reported outcomes at 2 years postoperatively.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

After stratification and randomization, 48 patients underwent either dynamic augmented ACL suture repair or ACL reconstruction with a single-bundle, all-inside, semitendinosus technique. The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score at 2 years postoperatively was the primary outcome measure. Patient-reported outcomes (IKDC subjective score, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Tegner score, visual analog scale for satisfaction), clinical outcomes (IKDC physical examination score, leg symmetry index for the quadriceps, hamstrings strength, and jump test battery), and radiological outcomes as well as adverse events including reruptures were recorded. Analyses were based on an intention-to-treat principle.

Results:

The lower limit for the median IKDC subjective score of the repair group (86.2) fell within the prespecified noninferiority margin, confirming noninferiority of dynamic augmented ACL suture repair compared with ACL reconstruction. No statistical difference was found between groups for median IKDC subjective score (repair, 95.4; reconstruction, 94.3). Overall, 2 reruptures (8.7%) occurred in the dynamic ACL suture repair group and 4 reruptures (19.0%) in the ACL reconstruction group; further, 5 repeat surgeries—other than for revision ACL surgery—took place in 4 patients from the dynamic ACL suture repair group (20.8%) and in 3 patients from the ACL reconstruction group (14.3%).

Conclusion:

Dynamic augmented ACL suture repair is not inferior to ACL reconstruction in terms of subjective patient-reported outcomes as measured with the IKDC subjective score 2 years postoperatively. However, for reasons other than revision ACL surgery due to rerupture, a higher number of related adverse events leading to repeat surgery were seen in the dynamic augmented ACL suture repair group within 2 years postoperatively.

Clinical Relevance:

Dynamic augmented ACL suture repair might be a viable treatment option for patients with an acute ACL rupture.

Registration:

NCT02310854 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Clindamycin clearance during Cytosorb® hemoadsorption: A case report and pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Poli Elettra Camille , Simoni Chiara , André Pascal , Buclin Thierry , Longchamp David , Perez Marie-Hélène , Ferry Thomas , Schneider Antoine Guillaume
Published: March 2019

Panton-Valentine leucocidin producing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections are rare but associated with very high mortality rates. We report the case of a 14-year-old patient with Panton-Valentine leucocidin producing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection and Influenza B pneumonia requiring veno-arterial extra-corporeal membrane oxygenator for refractory shock. In the absence of response to conventional therapy, we have inserted a Cytosorb® cartridge within the extra-corporeal membrane oxygenator circuit. A spectacular decrease in vasopressor requirements followed. Since clindamycin, a key component of Panton-Valentine leucocidin producing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus treatment, might be removed by Cytosorb® hemoadsorption, we have performed serial plasma concentrations measurements of the drug. Based on these measurements, we were able to develop a pharmacokinetic model incorporating variable plasma clearance. Patient’s exposure was estimated before, during and after Cytosorb® hemoadsorption. According to this model, Cytosorb® hemoadsorption did not seem to result in significant clindamycin removal. Cytosorb® hemoadsorption during Panton-Valentine leucocidin producing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection appears safe and feasible and no adaptation of clindamycin dosage seems necessary
State of water in void-free and void-containing epoxy specimens
Authors: Abdelmola Fatmaelzahraa , Carlsson Leif A
Published: February 2019

The effect of voids on the state of water absorbed in epoxy has been examined using differential scanning calorimetric analysis for a range of void contents (0 to 50%). For void-free specimens, water absorbed is classified as bound water (nonfreezing). Analysis of the medium and high void content specimens revealed water absorbed in three states: free water, freezable bound water, and nonfreezable bound water. The differential scanning calorimetric results show that the proportions of free water and freezable bound water increase with increasing void content, while the content of nonfreezable bound water decreased. Moisture-induced swelling decreased with increasing void content. The swelling is attributed to the content of nonfreezable bound water as determined by differential scanning calorimetric analysis.
What Predicts Health Care Transitions for Older Adults Following Introduction of LTSS?
Authors: Hirschman Karen B. , Toles Mark P. , Hanlon Alexandra L. , Huang Liming , Naylor Mary D.
Published: March 2019

Objective: To determine predictors of health care transitions (i.e., acute care service use, transfers from lower to higher intensity services) among older adults new to long-term services and supports [LTSS]. Method: 470 new LTSS recipients followed for 24 months. Multivariable Poisson regression modeling within a generalized estimating equation framework. Results: Being male, having multiple chronic conditions, lower self-reported physical health ratings and lower quality of life ratings at baseline were associated with increased risk of health care transitions. Older adults in assisted living communities and nursing homes experienced decreases in health care transitions over time, while LTSS recipients at home had no change in risk. LTSS recipients who had orders to receive therapy, compared with those who did not, had a lower relative risk of transitions over time. Discussion: Predictors of future health care transitions support the need for LTSS providers to anticipate and monitor this risk for LTSS recipients.
Landfill site selection in Makkah using geographic information system and analytical hierarchy process
Authors: Osra Faisal A , Kajjumba George W
Published: March 2019

Municipal solid waste is a problem to developed and developing cities in the world. If municipal solid waste is not managed well, it can be a source of numerous contaminants to water, air, and soil. Although landfill is at the bottom in terms of priorities of municipal solid waste management techniques, its applicability cannot be neglected in developing economies. Landfill site selection is a hard puzzle comprised of political, social, economic, and environmental factors. Makkah, Saudi Arabia, is targeting 30 million pilgrims by 2030, putting the city in a difficult circumstance: More pilgrims, more municipal solid waste. The current dump site, Kakia, is expected to be full by 2020; thus, there is a need to locate a new landfill site. In 20 years, Makkah is expected to produce 44 million tonnes of municipal solid waste, which requires approximately a 7.5 m × 5,874,000 square meter landfill capacity. In this study, a geographic information system, analytical hierarchy process, vertical electrical sounding, and ground-penetrating radar are applied to select the best new landfill site for Makkah. By combining these techniques, there are three suitable site locations: (39°36 ́38.45 ́ ́E: 21°18 ́26.46 ́ ́N), (39°37 ́54.07 ́ ́E: 21°19 ́35.25 ́ ́N), and (39°44 ́04.45 ́ ́E: 21°13 ́08.93 ́ ́N). These sites have a considerable depth to water table of 12 m. Therefore, the city of Makkah should use these findings to establish a sanitary landfill.
Informal Learning of Older Adults in Using Mobile Devices: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Jin Bora , Kim Junghwan , Baumgartner Lisa M.
Published: March 2019

This review aims to understand everyday learning of older adults using mobile devices. Specifically, for both academic and practical implications, we wanted to know what theoretical perspectives researchers adopted and how mobile devices play a role in older adults’ informal learning. We analyzed 28 empirical studies (15 qualitative, 10 quantitative, and 3 mixed methods) that met our selection criteria. Our findings revealed that the studies used four theoretical frameworks to understand their learning: (a) technology acceptance theory, (b) experiential learning theory, (c) social cognitive theory, and (d) activity theory. We also identified six themes of older adults’ informal learning using mobile devices through key findings from the existing studies: (a) self-learning of health or medical knowledge, (b) affective and emotional dimensions, (c) ambivalent attitudes, (d) practical uses, (e) interpersonal and intergenerational communication, and (f) collaborative learning experience. We conclude this article with discussion for research and practice.
Functional Neurologic Symptom Disorder in Children: Clinical Features, Diagnostic Investigations, and Outcomes at a Tertiary Care Children’s Hospital
Authors: Watson Carla , Sivaswamy Lalitha , Agarwal Roshani , Du Wei , Agarwal Rajkumar
Published: March 2019

Objective:

To describe the presenting symptoms and short-term outcomes of children diagnosed with functional neurologic symptom disorder and to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of children who received neurodiagnostic testing to those who did not.

Study Design:

Single center, retrospective review of 222 children who presented to the emergency department of a children’s hospital, and diagnosed with functional neurologic symptom disorder, between 2010 and 2015.

Results:

Out of 222 visits (females = 156, African Americans = 130, mean age = 13.9 years), neurodiagnostic tests were performed in 102/222 (46%) visits. The most commonly performed investigations were magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain (n = 37) and electroencephalogram (EEG) (n = 56) and were noted to be unremarkable in all instances. Neurodiagnostic tests were more likely to be performed in patients who (1) were non–African American (54% vs 40%; P = .03), (2) presented with new-onset symptoms (55% vs 31%; P < .01), (3) underwent hospitalization (61% vs 17%; P < .01), and (4) were evaluated by a neurologist (59% vs 9%; P < .01) or a psychiatrist (58% vs 28%; P < .01). Common clinical presentations included seizurelike or strokelike symptoms. Short-term follow-up was possible in 20%, with an alternate diagnosis of syncope, noted in only 1 child.

Conclusions:

Most children who presented with a functional neurologic symptom disorder in our study were noted to have seizurelike or strokelike presentations and were adolescent females. Caucasians were more likely to undergo neurodiagnostic investigations. Radiologic and neurophysiological tests were more commonly performed when neurology and psychiatry consultations were sought. Such investigations had low diagnostic utility.
Nonfatal Assault Injury Trends in California, 2005 to 2015
Authors: Rowe Christopher L. , Matthay Ellicott C. , Ahern Jennifer
Published: March 2019

Interpersonal violence is a major global public health problem, and the burden of nonfatal assault injuries is far greater than that of homicides. To understand trends and inform prevention priorities, we sought to describe nonfatal assault injury trends across demographic groups from 2005 to 2015 in California, USA. Comprehensive hospitalization and emergency department discharge records were used to estimate annual rates of nonfatal assault injury overall and by means and age group and age-standardized annual rates by race/ethnicity, gender, and county. The overall rate of assault injury was stable in California from 2005 to 2015 (mean = 364 per 100,000), but there was substantial heterogeneity across demographic groups, including increases among African Americans (900 to 1,194), American Indian/Alaskan Natives (423 to 572), older individuals (age 25-29 = 697 to 727; 30-39 = 495 to 557; 40-49 = 352 to 404; 50-59 = 194 to 313; 60+ = 66 to 106), and women (199 to 252). Assault injury rates increased among several demographic groups, warranting the attention of professionals involved in violence prevention efforts. Epidemiologic examination to better understand causes of increases can inform prevention efforts. Similar analyses should be applied to other settings to determine how broadly these patterns are observed.
A Case Study of Biological Nurturing
Authors: Rosin Stefanie Inge
Published: February 2019

Introduction:

This case of a mother and her two children, born 20 years apart, highlights how Biological Nurturing (BN) supported a woman in meeting her personal breastfeeding goals. We know lack of breastfeeding support contributes to early weaning. Applying the principles of BN (unrestricted and laid-back breastfeeding) enabled this mother to return to breastfeeding without supplements.

Main Issue:

After giving birth to her first son prematurely in 1997, the dyad was separated, and formula introduced. These interventions, combined with inadequate breastfeeding support, resulted in low milk supply and unplanned weaning by week six. In 2017, a full term sibling baby girl was born, with breastfeeding again beginning with concerns of low milk supply.

Management

Consultation with an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant successfully addressed common breastfeeding problems, including vasospasm and insufficient milk supply. Continuous emotional support helped this mother overcome perceived insufficient milk supply. Introducing BN led to breastfeeding without supplementation, by enabling the dyad to experience enjoyment, comfort and feeding autonomy.

Conclusion:

While the repeated experience of insufficient milk supply two decades apart constituted a psychological barrier to exclusive breastfeeding, BN enabled reaching this mother’s breastfeeding goals. BN appears to be a powerful tool for both breastfeeding initiation and overcoming breastfeeding difficulties, potentially setting new best practice standards.