bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Situated Affects and Place Memory
Authors: Sutton John
Published: April 2024

Traces of many past events are often layered or superposed, in brain, body, and world alike. This often poses challenges for individuals and groups, both in accessing specific past events and in regulating or managing coexisting emotions or attitudes. We sometimes struggle, for example, to find appropriate modes of engagement with places with complex and difficult pasts. More generally, there can appear to be a tension between what we know about the highly constructive nature of remembering, whether it is drawing on neural or worldly resources or both, and the ways that we need and use memory to make claims on the past, and to maintain some appropriate causal connections to past events. I assess the current state of work on situated affect and distributed memory, and the recent criticisms of the ‘dogma of harmony’ in these fields. I then deploy these frameworks to examine some affective dimensions of place memory, sketching a strongly distributed conception of places as sometimes partly constituting the processes and activities of feeling and remembering. These approaches also offer useful perspectives on the problems of how to engage – politically and aesthetically – with difficult pasts and historically burdened heritage. In assessing artistic interventions in troubled places, we can seek responsibly to do justice to the past while fully embracing the dynamic and contested constructedness of our present emotions, memories, and activities.
Bacterial extracellular vesicles: biotechnological perspective for enhanced productivity
Authors: Muñoz-Echeverri Laura M. , Benavides-López Santiago , Geiger Otto , Trujillo-Roldán Mauricio A. , Valdez-Cruz Norma A.
Published: April 2024

Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are non-replicative nanostructures released by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as a survival mechanism and inter- and intraspecific communication mechanism. Due to BEVs physical, biochemical, and biofunctional characteristics, there is interest in producing and using them in developing new therapeutics, vaccines, or delivery systems. However, BEV release is typically low, limiting their application. Here, we provide a biotechnological perspective to enhance BEV production, highlighting current strategies. The strategies include the production of hypervesiculating strains through gene modification, bacteria culture under stress conditions, and artificial vesicles production. We discussed the effect of these production strategies on BEVs types, morphology, composition, and activity. Furthermore, we summarized general aspects of BEV biogenesis, functional capabilities, and applications, framing their current importance and the need to produce them in abundance. This review will expand the knowledge about the range of strategies associated with BEV bioprocesses to increase their productivity and extend their application possibilities.

Graphical abstract
P2X7 receptor: a potential target for treating comorbid anxiety and depression
Authors: Liu Jun , Liu Ting-Ting , Mou Lan , Zhang Yuwen , Chen Xiang , Wang Qi , Deng Bin-Lu , Liu Jie
Published: April 2024

In clinical practice, depression and anxiety frequently coexist, and they are both comorbid with somatic diseases. The P2X7R is an adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP)-gated non-selective cation channel that is widely expressed in immune-related cells. Under conditions of stress, chronic pain, and comorbid chronic physical illness, P2X7R activation in glial cells leads to neuroinflammation. This could contribute to the development of anxiety and depression-related emotional disturbances. Previous studies have shown that the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of both anxiety and depression. Thus, the P2X7R may play a role in the comorbidity of anxiety and depression. Positron emission tomography can be used to assess the degree and location of neuroinflammation by monitoring functional and expression-related changes in P2X7R, which can facilitate clinical diagnoses and guide the treatment of patients with anxiety and depression. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the P2X7R gene are associated with susceptibility to different types of psychiatric disorders. Thus, evaluating the SNPs of the P2X7R gene could enable personalized mood disorder diagnoses and treatments. If the P2X7R were set as a therapeutic target, selective P2X7R antagonists may modulate P2X7R function, thereby altering the balance of intra- and extra-cellular ATP. This could have therapeutic implications for treating anxiety and depression, as well as for pain management. According to in vitro and in vivo studies, the P2X7R plays an important role in anxiety and depression. In this review, we consider the potential of the P2X7R as a therapeutic target for comorbid anxiety and depression, and discuss the potential diagnostic and therapeutic value of this receptor.
How does a fly die? Insights into ageing from the pathophysiology of Drosophila mortality
Authors: dos Santos Eliano , Cochemé Helena M.
Published: April 2024

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a common animal model in ageing research. Large populations of flies are used to study the impact of genetic, nutritional and pharmacological interventions on survival. However, the processes through which flies die and their relative prevalence in Drosophila populations are still comparatively unknown. Understanding the causes of death in an animal model is essential to dissect the lifespan-extending interventions that are organism- or disease-specific from those broadly applicable to ageing. Here, we review the pathophysiological processes that can lead to fly death and discuss their relation to ageing.
Factors Influencing Educators’ Curiosity to Learn about VR Technologies in Education
Authors: Doz Daniel , Krajnčan Mitja , Jenko Matija , Vukovič Matej
Published: April 2024

While recent research has extensively explored the potential use of Virtual Reality (VR) in educational contexts, limited knowledge exists regarding teachers’ willingness to further their understanding of VR and its applications in education. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how various demographic factors and attitudes toward VR influence educators’ curiosity about this technology. Using the boosting classification machine-learning algorithm, we analyzed the responses of 324 educators from Europe and Eurasia. The findings reveal that the regularity of undergoing pedagogical training exerts the strongest influence on educators’ interest in learning about VR technology, underscoring the importance of consistent training opportunities. Additionally, frequent personal testing and use of VR technology, along with the duration of professional education in pedagogy, significantly affect educators’ curiosity. Age and gender identity also play influential roles, with older educators and males exhibiting greater curiosity. Notably, educators’ awareness of VR technology has a relatively lower impact. Furthermore, the total years of teaching experience and prior use of VR technology in teaching have minimal effects on educators’ curiosity. These findings emphasize the significance of providing high-quality pedagogical training to familiarize educators with VR technology and its potential benefits in educational settings, carrying substantial implications for policymakers.
Untangling the Molecular Interactions Underlying Intracellular Phase Separation Using Combined Global Sensitivity Analyses
Authors: Gasior Kelsey I. , Cogan Nicholas G.
Published: April 2024

Liquid-liquid phase separation is an intracellular mechanism by which molecules, usually proteins and RNAs, interact and then rapidly demix from the surrounding matrix to form membrane-less compartments necessary for cellular function. Occurring in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, properties of the resulting droplets depend on a variety of characteristics specific to the molecules involved, such as valency, density, and diffusion within the crowded environment. Capturing these complexities in a biologically relevant model is difficult. To understand the nuanced dynamics between proteins and RNAs as they interact and form droplets, as well as the impact of these interactions on the resulting droplet properties, we turn to sensitivity analysis. In this work, we examine a previously published mathematical model of two RNA species competing for the same protein-binding partner. We use the combined analyses of Morris Method and Sobol’ sensitivity analysis to understand the impact of nine molecular parameters, subjected to three different initial conditions, on two observable LLPS outputs: the time of phase separation and the composition of the droplet field. Morris Method is a screening method capable of highlighting the most important parameters impacting a given output, while the variance-based Sobol’ analysis can quantify both the importance of a given parameter, as well as the other model parameters it interacts with, to produce the observed phenomena. Combining these two techniques allows Morris Method to identify the most important dynamics and circumvent the large computational expense associated with Sobol’, which then provides more nuanced information about parameter relationships. Together, the results of these combined methodologies highlight the complicated protein-RNA relationships underlying both the time of phase separation and the composition of the droplet field. Sobol’ sensitivity analysis reveals that observed spatial and temporal dynamics are due, at least in part, to high-level interactions between multiple (3+) parameters. Ultimately, this work discourages using a single measurement to extrapolate the value of any single rate or parameter value, while simultaneously establishing a framework in which to analyze and assess the impact of these small-scale molecular interactions on large-scale droplet properties.
The association of FRAX with predictors of falls in the assessment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in Turkey: the fracture study of Turkey (FRACT study)
Authors: Tuzun Sansin , Akarirmak Ulku , Kulaksiz Bilal , Keles Aslinur , Okutan Dilara , Karsli Pinar , Kurtoglu Sevgi Selin , Aygun Eren , Palamar Deniz
Published: April 2024

Although FRAX is used for fracture risk evaluation, this tool does not include balance and fall risk. The association between the predictors of falls and high FRAX scores we found in this study suggests that risk indicators for falls may add substantial value to FRAX by improving fracture risk prediction.

Purpose

This observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study aimed to assess the fall risk predictors and explore their association with FRAX in Turkish patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Methods

Two hundred and nine (209) women with postmenopausal osteoporosis referred to the Fracture Liaison Service (FLS) at Istanbul University–Cerrahpaşa were enrolled in the FRACT study (The Fracture Study of Turkey). Clinical risk factors were assessed using the FRAX tool. Tandem stance, Tandem walking, Timed up and go (TUG), and Chair stand tests were performed to assess balance and fall risk.

Results

Among patients with a mean age of 67.6 (± 9.7) years, 66 patients (31.6%) had osteoporosis without fractures and 143 patients (68.4%) had fragility fractures. The proportion of patients with poor performance of fall prediction tests was significantly higher in patients with a fragility fracture than those with osteoporosis alone. There was an inverse relationship between dynamic balance tests and the reported number of prior falls in the past year. FRAX score was higher in patients with impaired Tandem stance, Tandem walking, and TUG tests (p = 0.008, p = 0.035, p = 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

Assessment of fall risk predictors should be one of the major pillars in the physical evaluation of osteoporotic patients in the FLS setting. FRAX is a useful tool to determine the fracture risk of patients with both static and dynamic balance impairments. Combining balance assessment with FRAX may be an important step to optimize osteoporosis risk assessment.
Selective vulnerability of hippocampal sub-regions in patients with subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Chen Jianxiang , Wang Jianjun , Duan Ke , Li Xinbei , Pan Zhongxian , Zhang Jinhuan , Qin Xiude , Hu Yuanming , Lyu Hanqing
Published: April 2024

Early diagnosis of subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI) is clinically essential because it is the most reversible subtype of all cognitive impairments. Since structural alterations of hippocampal sub-regions have been well studied in neurodegenerative diseases with pathophysiological cognitive impairments, we were eager to determine whether there is a selective vulnerability of hippocampal sub-fields in patients with svMCI. Our study included 34 svMCI patients and 34 normal controls (NCs), with analysis of T1 images and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. Gray matter volume (GMV) of hippocampal sub-regions was quantified and compared between the groups, adjusting for age, sex, and education. Additionally, we explored correlations between altered GMV in hippocampal sub-fields and MoCA scores in svMCI patients. Patients with svMCI exhibited selectively reduced GMV in several left hippocampal sub-regions, such as the hippocampal tail, hippocampal fissure, CA1 head, ML-HP head, CA4 head, and CA3 head, as well as decreased GMV in the right hippocampal tail. Specifically, GMV in the left CA3 head was inversely correlated with MoCA scores in svMCI patients. Our findings indicate that the atrophy pattern of patients with svMCI was predominantly located in the left hippocampal sub-regions. The left CA3 might be a crucial area underlying the distinct pathophysiological mechanisms of cognitive impairments with subcortical vascular origins.
A pilot randomized controlled trial of an online intervention for Hodgkin lymphoma survivors to increase knowledge about late effects and recommended screening
Authors: Rick Tara J. , Sagaram Smitha , Jewett Patricia I. , Lee Hee Yun , Sadak Karim T. , Turcotte Lucie M. , Vogel Rachel I. , Blaes Anne
Published: April 2024

Background

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors who received chest radiotherapy are at risk for breast cancer and cardiovascular disease, but screening adherence is low. We assessed the acceptability/feasibility of a web-based educational intervention and its impact on knowledge of health risks and screening.

Methods

HL survivors were randomized to either an interactive online educational intervention or handouts only. Surveys were completed at baseline and 3 months post-intervention. We described the acceptability/feasibility of the intervention and compared knowledge between groups.

Results

Fifty-two HL survivors participated; 27 in the intervention group and 25 in the control group. Eighteen (66%) intervention participants completed the intervention and reported high acceptability (89–100%). At baseline, adherence to breast cancer screening was low across all participants. Post-intervention, those in the intervention group more often than controls correctly identified breast cancer and echocardiogram screening guidelines (35% vs. 28%, P = 0.02 and 82% vs. 52%, P = 0.04) and reported knowing how to address potential complications from cancer treatments (87% vs. 64%, P = 0.03). We detected no increase in screening behavior post-intervention.

Conclusion

Online education modules for high-risk HL survivors are an acceptable method to improve knowledge of health risks and screening guidelines. Future interventions should focus on improving screening uptake in this population.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

Web-based learning can be useful in increasing cancer survivor knowledge of their unique risks and screening recommendations but does not necessarily change patient behavior. Involvement in a cancer survivorship program can help assess individual barriers and monitor uptake of screening.
Setting up a CFD model to evaluate the impact of green infrastructures on local air quality
Authors: Rodrigues V. , Augusto B. , Oliveira K. , Ascenso A. , Rafael S. , Nascimento D. , Miranda A. I.
Published: April 2024

Green infrastructures have been pointed out as innovative solutions to deal with current and future challenges related to air pollution and climate change. Although the potential of green infrastructures, such as green walls and green roofs, to mitigate air pollution has been documented, evidence at a local scale is still limited. This work aims to increase knowledge about the potentialities of green infrastructures in improving local air quality, focusing on particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ozone pollutants, and by using a local-scale computational fluid dynamics model. The ENVI-met model was applied to a particular hour of a summer day over a built-up environment centred on a main avenue in the city of Lisbon (Portugal). The dimensions of the computational domain are 618 m × 594 m × 143 m, and it contains 184 buildings, with the tallest building being 56 m. In addition to the baseline simulation, modelling was also done considering the application of green walls and green roofs to specific buildings located near the main avenue, together with a green corridor. The overall results show no disturbances exerted by green walls on the turbulent flow dynamics and on the air quality levels when compared to the baseline scenario (without green walls). The integrated scenario, which includes green walls, green roofs and a green corridor, will lead to potential local benefits of green infrastructures on O3 concentrations, followed by variable impacts on NO2 and particulate matter concentrations.
Outcomes of Percutaneous Revascularization in Severe Ischemic Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Bista Roshan , Zghouzi Mohamed , Jasti Manasa , Lichaa Hady , Kerrigan Jimmy , Haddad Elias , Alraies M. Chadi , Paul Timir K.
Published: April 2024

Purpose of Review

This article presents a comprehensive review of coronary revascularization versus optimal medical therapy (OMT) in patients with severe ischemic left ventricular dysfunction.

Recent Findings

The REVIVED-BCIS2 trial randomized 700 patients with extensive coronary artery disease and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 35% and viability in more than four dysfunctional myocardial segments to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) plus OMT versus OMT alone. Over a median duration of 41 months, there was no difference in the composite of all-cause mortality, heart failure hospitalization, or improvement in LVEF with PCI plus OMT versus OMT alone at 6 and 12 months, quality of life scores at 24 months, or fatal ventricular arrhythmia. The STICH randomized trial was conducted between 2002 and 2007, involving patients with LV dysfunction and coronary artery disease. The patients were assigned to either CABG plus medical therapy or medical therapy alone. At the 5-year follow-up, the trial showed that CABG plus medical therapy reduced cardiovascular disease-related deaths and hospitalizations but no reduction in all-cause mortality. However, a 10-year follow-up showed a significant decrease in all-cause mortality with CABG.

The currently available evidence showed no apparent benefit of PCI in severe ischemic cardiomyopathy as compared to OMT, but that CABG improves outcomes in this patient population. The paucity of data on the advantages of PCI in this patient population underscores the critical need for optimization of medical therapy for better survival and quality of life until further evidence from RCTs is available.
1H, 13C, and 15N backbone and methyl group resonance assignments of ricin toxin A subunit
Authors: Bhattacharya Shibani , Dahmane Tassadite , Goger Michael J. , Rudolph Michael J. , Tumer Nilgun E.
Published: April 2024

Ricin is a potent plant toxin that targets the eukaryotic ribosome by depurinating an adenine from the sarcin-ricin loop (SRL), a highly conserved stem-loop of the rRNA. As a category-B agent for bioterrorism it is a prime target for therapeutic intervention with antibodies and enzyme blocking inhibitors since no effective therapy exists for ricin. Ricin toxin A subunit (RTA) depurinates the SRL by binding to the P-stalk proteins at a remote site. Stimulation of the N-glycosidase activity of RTA by the P-stalk proteins has been studied extensively by biochemical methods and by X-ray crystallography. The current understanding of RTA’s depurination mechanism relies exclusively on X-ray structures of the enzyme in the free state and complexed with transition state analogues. To date we have sparse evidence of conformational dynamics and allosteric regulation of RTA activity that can be exploited in the rational design of inhibitors. Thus, our primary goal here is to apply solution NMR techniques to probe the residue specific structural and dynamic coupling active in RTA as a prerequisite to understand the functional implications of an allosteric network. In this report we present de novo sequence specific amide and sidechain methyl chemical shift assignments of the 267 residue RTA in the free state and in complex with an 11-residue peptide (P11) representing the identical C-terminal sequence of the ribosomal P-stalk proteins. These assignments will facilitate future studies detailing the propagation of binding induced conformational changes in RTA complexed with inhibitors, antibodies, and biologically relevant targets.
Factor structure of callous unemotional traits and its associations with morality in middle childhood in a German community sample
Authors: Wilke Jessica , Eilts Jule , Bäker Neele , Rademacher Annika
Published: April 2024

The present study focuses on assessing the psychometric properties of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) in a German community sample of middle childhood participants. Previous research on the ICU has primarily been conducted in different samples and countries, with inconsistent results, i.e., different models in different samples and little attention given to German middle childhood populations. A critical need to deepen the understanding of callous-unemotional traits in middle childhood is urgently needed. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the factor structure of the ICU within a sample of children in middle childhood from Germany. A total of 824 children aged 7 to 12 years (M = 10.34, SD = 1.65) participated (52.18% boys). The ICU, a self-report measure, was employed to assess callous-unemotional traits in middle childhood. Additionally, this study also examines the relationship between callous-unemotional traits and morality. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to evaluate various model structures based on previous research. The best-fitting model was found to be a two-factor model consisting of callousness and uncaring factors. The moral self shows a stronger overarching association with the uncaring factor than with callousness. The study’s findings provide valuable insights into the applicability of the ICU across various age ranges, particularly in childhood, and the results are discussed in the context of other identified models and age groups and suggest that assessing CU traits requires a detailed perspective, taking into account other developmental factors.
Polycaprolactone-Based Composite Electrospun Nanofibers as Hybrid Biomaterial Systems Containing Hydroxyl- or Carboxylic Acid-Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Bulbul Y. Emre , Dilsiz Nursel
Published: April 2024

Composite electrospun nanofibers based on polycaprolactone (PCL) have shown promise in various biomedical applications due to their unique properties. This study investigates the effects of incorporating hydroxyl (–OH)- or carboxylic acid (–COOH)-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into PCL matrices. Two types of functionalized additives, MWCNT-OH and MWCNT-COOH, were used at different concentrations (0.06 and 0.12 wt%). Various characterization techniques including FTIR, XRD, AFM, SEM, water contact angle analysis, and tensile strength testing were employed to evaluate changes in nanofiber morphology, crystallinity, surface topography, wettability, and mechanical properties. In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity assays were conducted using HUVECs and L929 fibroblasts over 1-, 3-, and 5-day intervals. This study represents a novel examination of (–OH)- and (–COOH)-functionalized MWCNTs as additives in electrospun PCL biopolymer matrices. The findings indicate that incorporating small amounts of (–OH)- or (–COOH)-functionalized MWCNTs enhances the physicochemical characteristics of PCL nanofibers, making them more suitable for biomedical applications. While both types of functionalized MWCNT additives improved properties compared to pure PCL nanofibers, (–COOH)-functionalized MWCNT-incorporated nanofibers exhibited the most favorable features. In conclusion, this research highlights the potential of tailored PCL-based composite nanofibers containing functionalized MWCNTs as advanced biomaterial systems for biomedical applications, contributing to the development of innovative biomaterials for diverse biomedical contexts.
Strengthening Forest Landscape Restoration through Understanding Land Use Dynamics: Case Study of Tchamba Prefecture (Togo)
Authors: Hounkpati Kossi , Adjonou Kossi , Moluh Njoya Hamza , Hlovor Atsu K. Dogbeda , Kipkulei Harison Kiplagat , Sieber Stefan , Löhr Katharina , Kokou Kouami
Published: April 2024

Land use and land cover (LULC) change remains a major concern in many countries. To examine how land is used for increased actions on forest landscape restoration (FLR) issues, this study analyses LULC changes from 1991 to 2022 and predict future patterns for the years 2050 in Tchamba Prefecture, Togo, using remote sensing and the Cellular Automata-Markov modelling technique. Results show that dense forests and gallery forests (18.85%), open forest/woodland (20.17%), and tree and shrub savannah (50.04%) were the predominant classes of the landscape in 1991. However, by 2022, most tree and shrub savannah had been converted to mosaic crop/fallow land (52.27%), open forest/woodland (19.32%), and plantation (7.09%). Thus, between 1991 and 2022, forest area decreased from 89.87% to 48.96%; a 45.52% reduction in coverage. Predictions are that open forest/woodland, tree and shrub savannah will decline, while mosaic crop/fallow land will increase (51.66%). However, slight increases were recorded in plantation (9.43%) and a slight balance in dense forests/gallery forests (16.17%). Consequently, forest area will slightly change between 2022 (48.96%) and 2050 (47.41%). These changes in LULC are associated to socio-economic pressures and political instability in the 1990s. So, the return to stability, the promotion of community forests as a key restoration model, and the valorisation of agroforestry species allows for the stabilisation of dense forests/gallery forests areas and an increase in plantation. Thus, it is therefore for all stakeholders involved in restoration processes to consider this information when planning FLR activities.
Physiological Assessment with iFR prior to FFR Measurement in Left Main Disease
Authors: Warisawa Takayuki , Cook Christopher M. , Ahmad Yousif , Howard James P. , Seligman Henry , Rajkumar Christopher , Toya Takumi , Doi Shunichi , Nakajima Akihiro , Nakayama Masafumi , Vera-Urquiza Rafael , Yuasa Sonoka , Sato Takao , Kikuta Yuetsu , Kawase Yoshiaki , Nishina Hidetaka , Al-Lamee Rasha , Sen Sayan , Lerman Amir , Matsuo Hitoshi , Akashi Yoshihiro J. , Escaned Javier , Davies Justin E.
Published: April 2024

Despite guideline-based recommendation of the interchangeable use of instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) and fractional flow reserve (FFR) to guide revascularization decision-making, iFR/FFR could demonstrate different physiological or clinical outcomes in some specific patient or lesion subsets. Therefore, we sought to investigate the impact of difference between iFR and FFR-guided revascularization decision-making on clinical outcomes in patients with left main disease (LMD). In this international multicenter registry of LMD with physiological interrogation, we identified 275 patients in whom physiological assessment was performed with both iFR/FFR. Major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) was defined as a composite of death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization. The receiver-operating characteristic analysis was performed for both iFR/FFR to predict MACE in respective patients in whom revascularization was deferred and performed. In 153 patients of revascularization deferral, MACE occurred in 17.0% patients. The optimal cut-off values of iFR and FFR to predict MACE were 0.88 (specificity:0.74; sensitivity:0.65) and 0.76 (specificity:0.81; sensitivity:0.46), respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was significantly higher for iFR than FFR (0.74; 95%CI 0.62–0.85 vs. 0.62; 95%CI 0.48–0.75; p = 0.012). In 122 patients of coronary revascularization, MACE occurred in 13.1% patients. The optimal cut-off values of iFR and FFR were 0.92 (specificity:0.93; sensitivity:0.25) and 0.81 (specificity:0.047; sensitivity:1.00), respectively. The AUCs were not significantly different between iFR and FFR (0.57; 95%CI 0.40–0.73 vs. 0.46; 95%CI 0.31–0.61; p = 0.43). While neither baseline iFR nor FFR was predictive of MACE in patients in whom revascularization was performed, iFR-guided deferral seemed to be safer than FFR-guided deferral.

Graphical abstract

Impact of Physiological Assessment with iFR and FFR on Clinical Outcomes of Patients with LMD. In the present study, physiological assessment, both with iFR and FFR, provided a high predictability of adverse cardiovascular event in LMD patients with revascularization deferral. Furthermore, the iFR-guided deferral strategy was safer as compared to FFR. Conversely, in patients in whom revascularization was performed for LMD, neither iFR nor FFR was predictive of cardiovascular event. AUC: area under the curve; FFR: fractional flow reserve; iFR: instantaneous wave-free ratio; LMD: left main coronary artery disease.
Multiple linear regression and gene expression programming to predict fracture density from conventional well logs of basement metamorphic rocks
Authors: Hasan Muhammad Luqman , M. Tóth Tivadar
Published: April 2024

Fracture identification and evaluation requires data from various resources, such as image logs, core samples, seismic data, and conventional well logs for a meaningful interpretation. However, several wells have some missing data; for instance, expensive cost run for image logs, cost concern for core samples, and occasionally unsuccessful core retrieving process. Thus, a majority of the current research is focused on predicting fracture based on conventional well log data. Interpreting fractures information is very important especially to develop reservoir model and to plan for drilling and field development. This study employed statistical methods such as multiple linear regression (MLR), principal component analysis (PCA), and gene expression programming (GEP) to predict fracture density from conventional well log data. This study explored three wells from a basement metamorphic rock with ten conventional logs of gamma rays, thorium, potassium, uranium, deep resistivity, flushed zone resistivity, bulk density, neutron porosity, sonic porosity, and photoelectric effect. Four different methods were used to predict the fracture density, and the results show that predicting fracture density is possible using MLR, PCA, and GEP. However, GEP predicted the best fracture density with R2 > 0.86 for all investigated wells, although it had limited use in predicting fracture density. All methods used highlighted that flushed zone resistivity and uranium content are the two most significant well log parameters to predict fracture density. GEP was efficient for use in metamorphic rocks as it works well for conventional well log data as the data is nonlinear, and GEP uses nonlinear algorithms.
Lightweight ASIP Design for Lattice-Based Post-quantum Cryptography Algorithms
Authors: Akçay Latif , Yalçın Berna Örs
Published: April 2024

Lattice-based cryptography (LBC) algorithms are considered suitable candidates for post-quantum cryptography (PQC), as they dominate the standardization process put forward by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Indeed, three of the four key encapsulation mechanism (KEM) algorithms in the third round of the process are based on computationally hard lattice problems. On the other hand, there is an urgent need for processor designs that can run PQC algorithms efficiently, especially for embedded systems. This study presents an application-specific instruction set processor (ASIP) design for the Kyber, Saber, and NewHope algorithms based on transport triggered architecture (TTA). Custom hardware accelerators are added to the baseline processor architecture for computation-intensive steps without applying any software optimization to the reference code. We compared FPGA and ASIC implementations of our design with the prominent RISC-V cores and instruction set extension studies in the literature. According to the results, the proposed design offers greater efficiency, better performance, and lower resource utilization than its competitors in most cases.
Integral use of brewery wastes as carbon and nitrogen sources for the bioproduction of succinic acid
Authors: Escanciano Itziar A. , Blanco Ángeles , Santos Victoria E. , Ladero Miguel
Published: April 2024

Circular bioeconomy is one of the major socio-economic objectives for the twenty-first century, which includes the use of biomass waste and its transformation through environmentally friendly processes into biorefinery building blocks. Among these compounds, succinic acid (SA) obtained by fermentation stands out. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using beer bagasse and spent brewer’s yeast as carbon and nitrogen sources for the bioproduction of SA with Actinobacillus succinogenes. The use of a progressive enzymatic treatment liberated simple monosaccharides and peptides that were used by the microorganism, in a subsequent fermentation. Compared to the use of commercial xylose and yeast extract, the used of beer wastes obtained better yields (0.77 g g −1) and selectivity (76%), though with a slightly lower productivity (0.15 g L −1 h −1). Finally, an unstructured non-segregated kinetic model was successfully fitted, facilitating the future performance of bioreactor design, techno-economic analysis, scaling of the process, or design of a control system.
Chen–Ricci inequality for anti-invariant Riemannian submersions from conformal Kenmotsu space form
Authors: Wani Towseef Ali , Lone Mehraj Ahmad
Published: April 2024

The aim of this paper is twofold: first, we obtain various curvature inequalities which involve the Ricci and scalar curvatures of horizontal and vertical distributions of anti-invariant Riemannian submersion defined from conformal Kenmotsu space form onto a Riemannian manifold. Second, we obtain the Chen–Ricci inequality for the said Riemannian submersion. The equality cases of all the inequalities are studied. Moreover, these curvature inequalities are studied under two different cases: the structure vector field $$\xi $$
ξ
being vertical or horizontal.
Quality in Otolaryngology: History, the Current State, and Possible Future Developments
Authors: Mehta Vikas
Published: April 2024

Purpose of Review

To help clinicians gain an understanding of quality improvement (QI) and value-based care (VBC) in healthcare, with a specific emphasis on otolaryngology. This review also attempts to examine the future landscape of QI and VBC, and emphasize the need for active physician participation.

Recent Findings

Many efforts are underway to help define quality otolaryngologic care including otolaryngology-specific reporting measures, clinical practice guidelines, and a large, specialty-specific patient database (Reg-ent). Certain subspecialties (facial plastics and laryngology) and populations are underrepresented in the current literature.

QI and VBC will become increasingly important as more alternative payment models (APMs) are investigated and implemented by governmental and commercial payors. Physician participation will be integral in ensuring appropriateness of these APMs, specifically with regard to defining quality care and optimizing value for patients.
CD20 + T lymphocytes in isolated Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and type 3 autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome: a pilot study
Authors: Stramazzo Ilaria , Mangino Giorgio , Capriello Silvia , Romeo Giovanna , Ferrari Silvia Martina , Fallahi Poupak , Bagaglini Maria Flavia , Centanni Marco , Virili Camilla
Published: April 2024

Background

CD20+ T cells represent up to 5% of circulating T lymphocytes. These cells have been shown to produce higher levels of IL-17A and IFN-γ than those of CD20− T lymphocytes. Some reports described the role of CD20+ T cells in autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis possibly due to their ability to produce these inflammatory cytokines. This study is aimed at describing the behavior of CD20+ T lymphocytes in the most frequent autoimmune disorder, i.e., Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), presenting isolated or associated to further autoaggressive disorders in a frame of poly-autoimmunity.

Methods

The study group encompasses 65 HT patients: 23 presenting in isolated form (IT) and 42 with an associated non-endocrine autoimmune disorder [16 with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), 15 with nonsegmental vitiligo (VIT), and 11 with celiac disease (CD)]. Twenty healthy donors act as control group (HD). Chronic use of interfering drugs, severe or chronic disorders, and pregnancy and lactation were used as exclusion criteria. Whole blood samples (100 µl) were stained with fluorescent-labeled antibodies (anti-CD45, anti-CD3, anti-CD19, anti-CD16, anti-CD56, anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-CD20). Red blood cells were then lysed by adding 1 ml of hypotonic buffer, and samples were acquired on a Flow Cytometer.

Results

CD3+CD8+CD20+ T lymphocytes’ percentages, were significantly higher in the whole group of autoimmune patients compared to healthy donors (p = 0.0145). Dividing HT patients based on the type of presentation of autoimmune thyroiditis, CAG group showed the highest percentage of these cells as compared to HD and CD (p = 0.0058). IT patients showed higher percentages of CD3+ CD8+CD20+ cells than those of HD patients although not reaching statistical significance. However, dividing IT group based on thyroid function, hypothyroid patients showed higher CD8+CD20+ cell percentages than those of HD and euthyroid patients (p = 0.0111). Moreover, in IT patients, these cells were negatively correlated with FT4 levels (p = 0.0171; r = −0.4921).

Conclusions

These preliminary findings indicate that CD8+CD20+ T cells are activated in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and may behave differently according to the presence of poly-autoimmunity and hypothyroidism.
Effects of dust controls on respirable coal mine dust composition and particle sizes: case studies on auxiliary scrubbers and canopy air curtain
Authors: Animah F. , Keles C. , Reed W. R. , Sarver E.
Published: April 2024

Control of dust in underground coal mines is critical for mitigating both safety and health hazards. For decades, the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has led research to evaluate the effectiveness of various dust control technologies in coal mines. Recent studies have included the evaluation of auxiliary scrubbers to reduce respirable dust downstream of active mining and the use of canopy air curtains (CACs) to reduce respirable dust in key operator positions. While detailed dust characterization was not a focus of such studies, this is a growing area of interest. Using preserved filter samples from three previous NIOSH studies, the current work aims to explore the effect of two different scrubbers (one wet and one dry) and a roof bolter CAC on respirable dust composition and particle size distribution. For this, the preserved filter samples were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis and/or scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray. Results indicate that dust composition was not appreciably affected by either scrubber or the CAC. However, the wet scrubber and CAC appeared to decrease the overall particle size distribution. Such an effect of the dry scrubber was not consistently observed, but this is probably related to the particular sampling location downstream of the scrubber which allowed for significant mixing of the scrubber exhaust and other return air. Aside from the insights gained with respect to the three specific dust control case studies revisited here, this work demonstrates the value of preserved dust samples for follow-up investigation more broadly.
The Role of Migration for Workplace Safety in Italy
Authors: Aldieri L. , Nese A. , Vinci C. P.
Published: April 2024

Using microdata from the Labour Force Survey (2009–2019) and special Labour Force Surveys conducted in 2007, 2013, and 2020 in Italy, this study examines (i) whether immigrants are more likely than native-born workers to experience occupational injuries and job-related health problems and (ii) the effects of immigration on the allocation of occupational risks. We also contribute to the literature in this context by considering differences between natives and immigrants that may exist outside individual characteristics (age, gender), such as education, the age at which immigrants entered Italy and the length of stay. We find that immigrants are involved in riskier and more unsafe tasks; moreover, immigration in the last decade has led to a reduction in the average physical burden of native-born workers. Our results have important policy implications because they might be weighed against the racist sentiments of the local community.
The Influence of Peers on the Gender Divide Within Secondary Technology Education in Aotearoa, New Zealand
Authors: Zanchi Fabia , Watson Penelope
Published: April 2024

According to New Zealand government statistics, there is a consistent male–female divide within technology education in secondary schools, resulting in an ongoing underrepresentation of male students in fashion and textiles and female students in computer science and resistant materials learning areas. This underrepresentation is concerning as it contradicts the inclusion promoted in the New Zealand Curriculum and may contribute to reduced opportunities for a talented and diverse workforce. A large body of literature is dedicated to the underrepresentation of female students in STEM fields and has predominantly focused on female students in mathematics and science. However, minimal research focuses on the technology curriculum within the Aotearoa New Zealand context. This qualitative exploratory study investigated students’ perceptions of gender-typing and gender stereotypes within technology education and the experiences of students engaged in technology subjects in which they are gender minorities. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews. The findings from the thematic analysis revealed that peers and the need for social connection impacted the experiences of gender minority students in their class and influenced their subject selection.
Investigation of three-dimensional model reconstruction and fractal characteristics of crack propagation in jointed sandstone
Authors: Liu Ziqi , Zheng Lulin , Zuo Yujun , Liu Hao , Hou Yuanjiang , Zhu Zehua , Hao Zhibin , Wang Xiaokun , Huang Gang
Published: April 2024

The presence of random joints, cracks, and other defects significantly affects the meso-damage mechanism and macro-mechanical behavior of the rock. This study employed micro-CT scanning, digital image processing (DIP), and the rock failure process analysis system (RFPA3D) to reconstruct a genuine mesostructure, creating a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model of jointed sandstone. Under uniaxial stress, this model facilitated the meso-damage evolution process of prefabricated cracks in sandstone with varying dip angles. Additionally, the influence of jointed sandstone heterogeneity and prefabricated cracks with various dip angles on its failure mode and meso-damage mechanical properties were investigated. Utilizing the MATLAB platform, a 3D box dimension algorithm was developed to analyze the fractal characteristics of the mesodamage evolution in the sample. This algorithm enabled the quantitative characterization of the meso-damage evolution of sandstone. This study categorized three types of sandstone final failure modes: composite shear failure, shear failure along the joint surface, and tensile failure. Additionally, linear variations in the elastic modulus and compressive strength of the jointed sandstone were observed with increasing prefabricated fracture inclination, highlighting significant anisotropy. The presence of joints was found to induce and control the failure mode of sandstone. The meso-damage evolution process of sandstone was described in terms of the fractal dimension, indicating that more severe damage corresponded to a larger fractal dimension. This approach offers a novel statistical method for studying the progression of rock damage.
Unlocking the magnetic potential of Fe2O3 nanoparticles by single-step synthesis of cobalt-infused nanomaterials for chromium removal
Authors: Yaou Balarabe Bachir , Bomokayi Primerose , Adjama Irédon , Ayouba Mahamane Abdoulkadri , Daramola Michael Olawale , Iwarere Samuel Ayodele
Published: April 2024

The study optimized the chromium removal capacity of Fe2O3 nanoparticles through the infusion of cobalt using a single-step synthesis method. This approach not only enhanced their magnetic properties but also employs less-chemical synthesis techniques, ultimately yielding highly magnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles and less impurities. The prepared materials underwent comprehensive testing, encompassing examinations of their optical properties, structure, chemical composition, and surface characteristics using various analyticals methods. In a span of 90 min under visible light exposure, CoFe2O4 nanoparticles exhibit the ability to remove more that 90% of chromium. This was corroborated through analysis using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Moreover, the study illustrates that increased temperatures amplify the endothermic process of chromium adsorption. Positive ΔH°, negative ΔS°, and heightened Cr(IV) adsorption are linked to the temperature effects on solubility, mobility, and dissolved oxygen. Both Langmuir (R2 = 0.95, RL = 0.055) and Freundlich models (R2 = 0.98, n = 0.69) suggest favorable adsorption. The efficient Cr(IV) adsorption by CoFe2O4 nanocomposite is attributed to a rapid reaction rate and substantial capacity, following pseudo-second order kinetics (rate constant 0.01 g mg−1 min−1, R2 = 0.99).

Graphical abstract
Reasonable vertical position of the advanced center drift in super deep buried soft rock tunnel
Authors: Wang Fengxi
Published: April 2024

In super deep-buried soft-rock tunnels, significant deformation disasters often accompany high-ground stress. Advanced center drift stress release technology to release some in-situ stress in advance can effectively solve many problems caused by large deformation. Therefore, based on the Haba Snow Mountain Tunnel in the Lijiang Section of the Yunnan-Tibet Railway, the research on the vertical reasonable position of the advanced center drift is carried out. Using literature research, numerical simulation, and on-site experiments, the deformation of surrounding rock, the stress distribution of support, and the distribution of the plastic zone of surrounding rock at different vertical positions of the advanced center drift are studied. The application effect of the advanced center drift is analyzed through on-site monitoring data. The results show that different advanced center drift vertical positions have a stress-release particular impact. When the arch top of the advanced center drift is 2 m away from the main tunnel arch top, the stress release effect and support stress are relatively ideal, and the on-site measured tunnel deformation can reduce by an average of 44.52%. The research results can provide a reference for the design of advanced center drift in similar projects.