bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lipopolysaccharide promotes the recovery of dextran sulfate sodium- induced colitis by regulating the Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway
Authors: Wu Zixin , Liu Mengao , Chen Wenbin , He Zijian , Li Guanwei , Rao Benqiang , Cao Jie , Li Wanglin
Published: November 2023

Background: The roles of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the recovery of colitis were further investigated.
Methods: Human normal colonic epithelial cells with low, normal and high expression levels of TLR4 were constructed using lentiviral transfection, and subsequently incubated with LPS. Cells were divided into low + LPS, normal + LPS and high + LPS groups. The expression levels of cytokines were examined using quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA. Cell migration was observed using wound healing assays. In vivo, mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis were treated with LPS and a TLR4 inhibitor, TAK-242. Changes in body weight, colonic length and the histopathology of mice were analyzed.
Results: The expression levels of TLR4 in the high + LPS group were significantly increased in a time-dependent manner. Compared with the normal + LPS group, the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β in the high + LPS group were significantly decreased, while the expression levels of IL-10 were reversed. The migratory ability of cells with high TLR4 expression was markedly increased. In vivo, compared with the TAK-242 group, mice with DSS-induced colitis in the LPS group exhibited a positive weight increase, longer colon length and reduced inflammatory infiltration, and the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly reduced, and the expression levels of IL-10 were significantly increased.
Conclusion: LPS promoted the release of cytokines and auxiliary stimulating molecules to regulate the inflammatory response and promote the recovery of colitis by regulating the TLR4 pathway.
Efficacy of the ExVent Accessory for the O2Vent Optima Oral Appliance in the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Sharma Sat , Conflitti Antonella , Reiter Hilary , Rajkumar Winston , Simeunovic Banko , Shukla Yaj , Coscarella Gennaro
Published: November 2023

Study Objectives
An optional accessory for the O2Vent Optima mandibular advancement device, the ExVent, provides oral expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP). Similar to nasal EPAP, oral EPAP results in passive airway dilatation, reducing flow limitation. The present study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the ExVent accessory for the treatment of mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Methods
This prospective, multicenter, open-label, single-arm study enrolled participants diagnosed with mild to moderate OSA (defined as apnea–hypopnea index [AHI] 5–29). During the Home Use Phase, study participants logged their hours of O2Vent Optima + ExVent usage at home over 3 months. Participants were then evaluated by in-laboratory polysomnogram while using the O2Vent Optima + ExVent. The primary effectiveness measure was a change in AHI relative to baseline while using the O2Vent Optima + ExVent.
Results
Treatment with the O2Vent Optima + ExVent improved AHI by 62% on average, from 15.3 (interquartile range [IQR]: 11.5–19.5) to 5.8 (IQR: 3.9–6.8; p<0.001). Mean oxygen saturation improved from 93.5%±1.2% to 94.6%±1.34% (p=0.006). The lowest oxygen saturation increased from 85% (IQR: 83%–87%) to 90% (IQR: 89%–95; p<0.001). The overall treatment success rate (AHI<5) was 66%, and the treatment response rate (>50% reduction in AHI) was 77%. No excessive adverse events or device malfunction events were reported.
Conclusions
Use of the O2Vent Optima with the ExVent oral EPAP accessory successfully reduced AHI in mild to moderate OSA with no significant adverse effects.
Schulkulturbezogene Schultypen im Zeitalter der digitalen Transformation
Authors: Caruso Carina , Drossel Kerstin , Heldt Melanie
Published: November 2023

Angesichts des technischen Fortschritts, eines Digitalisierungsdefizits an deutschen Schulen sowie der Erfahrungen in Schule und Unterricht als Folge der Corona-Pandemie wird sichtbar, dass die Frage nach einer lernförderlichen Schulkultur im Zeitalter der digitalen Transformation ihre Relevanz behält: Einerseits zeigt sich, dass sich die Schulkultur im Zeitalter der digitalen Transformation verändert, weil Potenziale und Herausforderungen für Schule und Unterricht mit dieser verbunden sind. Andererseits trägt sie zur erfolgreichen Implementation digitaler Medien bei. Bisherige Forschungsbefunde im Zusammenhang mit der digitalen Transformation fokussieren insbesondere die Input- bzw. Akteurs- und Handlungsebene, u. a. digitalisierungsbezogene Kompetenzen von Lehrkräften (Meyer, Becker, und Bock 2023; Caruso, Heldt, und Drossel 2022; Vogelsang et al. 2023) und deren Kooperationsverhalten (Drossel und Heldt 2022; Schulze, Drossel, und Eickelmann 2022). Weniger beleuchtet ist bisher jedoch, wie Lehrkräfte angesichts der digitalen Transformation die Schulkultur an ihrer Schule wahrnehmen und inwiefern sich auf dieser Basis schulkulturbezogene Schultypen identifizieren lassen. Diesen Fragen widmet sich dieser Beitrag und exploriert, inwiefern sich die schulkulturbezogenen Schultypen in Bezug auf die Hintergrundmerkmale der befragten Lehrkräfte unterscheiden. Auf Grundlage einer Latent Class Analysis werden drei schulkulturbezogene Schultypen ersichtlich: innovations- und kooperationsstark (Typ I: 45,74 %), innovationsstark und kooperationsgehemmt (Typ II: 17,95 %), innovations- und kooperationsgehemmt (Typ III: 36,31 %). Die Typen unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich der Hintergrundmerkmale nicht voneinander.
Constraining braneworlds with entanglement entropy
Authors: Geng Hao , Karch Andreas , Perez-Pardavila Carlos , Randall Lisa , Riojas Marcos , Shashi Sanjit , Youssef Merna
Published: November 2023

We propose swampland criteria for braneworlds viewed as effective field theories of defects coupled to semiclassical gravity. We do this by exploiting their holographic interpretation. We focus on general features of entanglement entropies and their holographic calculations. Entropies have to be positive. Furthermore, causality imposes certain constraints on the surfaces that are used holographically to compute them, most notably a property known as causal wedge inclusion. As a test case, we explicitly constrain the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati term as a second-order-in-derivatives correction to the Randall-Sundrum action. We conclude by discussing the implications of these criteria for the question on whether entanglement islands in theories with massless gravitons are possible in Karch-Randall braneworlds.
The effect of bank-specific dynamics on profitability under changing economic conditions: Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Apau Richard , Bongani Sibindi Athenia
Published: November 2023

Analysts continue to demand explanations for the continuous flow of depositors’ and investors’ funds to persistently underperforming banks, while universal banking is premised on the ability to outperform the market. This study examines the effect of bank-level factors on the profitability of banks under changing economic conditions, using a dynamic panel system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique for panel data collected from 18 universal banks in Ghana. The data collection period was from 2007 to 2021. The analysis revealed that lagged return on assets, capital adequacy ratio, and deposit to total asset ratio have a positive influence on bank profitability, whereas lagged return on equity, bank size, expenditure, and asset quality negatively impact profitability. While the effect of these variables on profitability is expected considering the literature, the evidence obtained for asset quality is inconsistent with the explanations in the literature as an increase in asset quality is expected to drive an impressive trend in profitability. Furthermore, a negative relationship was found to exist between economic growth and bank performance when economic expansion exerts a deteriorating effect on the returns on bank assets. This can be linked to the dispersion of investors’ and customers’ funds to other investments, which limits the amount of funds available to the banks to grant credits for interest income. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that bank-specific dynamics adapt to changes in economic conditions which can be explained by the normative guidelines of the Adaptive Market Hypothesis.
Characteristics of patients with sarcoidosis who referred to a pulmonologist during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Vizel A. A. , Vizel I. Yu. , Shakirova G. R. , Vizel L. A.
Published: November 2023

Introduction. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the first experience was gained in managing patients with sarcoidosis in the face of a dangerous viral infection, a combination of two diseases and vaccination against COVID-19. Publications on this issue remain ambiguous, which made it relevant to assess the management of patients with sarcoidosis during a pandemic and the features of vaccination of these patients.

Aim. To assess the condition of patients with sarcoidosis who turned to a pulmonologist during the pandemic, to compare the parameters of patients with sarcoidosis who had and did not have COVID-19, with mild and severe course, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of vaccination.

Materials and methods. The study was a retrospective, observational, non-interventional study. We included 299 patients who visited a pulmonologist in 176 (58.9%) of whom developed COVID-19 and 123 (41.1%) did not have a viral disease. Information on survivors of COVID-19 was collected using the COVIZ application. Data summarization and statistical processing were carried out using the SPPS-18 program (IBM) p < 0.05 values were considered statistically significant.

Research results. Comparison of data of patients with sarcoidosis who fell ill and did not become ill with COVID-19 during the pandemic period showed that those who fell ill with this viral infection were significantly younger, more often had extrapulmonary manifestations of sarcoidosis. Patients did not differ in the radiation stage of sarcoidosis, the frequency of Löfgren’s syndrome, and the frequency of familial cases of granulomatosis. The use of methotrexate was accompanied by a higher incidence of COVID-19, the probability of getting sick was more than 3 times higher (OR = 3.39; 95% CI 1.12–10.28). Among those who received GCS (n = 49), those who received a dose of 10 mg prednisolone equivalent and above (OR = 12.056; CI95% 2.12–68.5) were more likely to develop COVID-19. The risk of developing COVID-19 in those who were not vaccinated was significantly higher than in those who received the vaccine after a viral illness (OR = 2.50; CI95% 1.75–3.58). One case of death is presented.

Conclusion. A retrospective analysis of cases of sarcoidosis during the COVID-19 pandemic indicated a favorable course of both diseases when combined. Negative prognostic factors were the use of immunosuppressive therapy for sarcoidosis and severe comorbidities of the cardiovascular system. Vaccination against COVID-19 was effective and safe in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Evaluation of the rehabilitation potential of cochlear implantation on cognitive function in elderly people
Authors: Luppov D. S. , Lilenko A. V. , Kantemirova R. S. , Chernushevich I. I. , Sugarova S. B. , Lilenko A. S. , Korneva Ju. S.
Published: November 2023

Introduction. In the world there is an increase in the proportion of elder people in the demographic group of society. The problems of treatment and diagnosis of diseases associated with age due to this are considered more significant in clinical practice. Among of the most common age-related diseases: cognitive impairment, hearing loss and depression. Researchers have found that hearing loss is the most significant modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment. Also, hearing impairment, according to several experts, is the cause of depression. Cochlear implantation is one of the main methods of rehabilitation in case of profound impairment of auditory function in elder people.

Aim. Evaluate the rehabilitation potential of cochlear implantation on cognitive function in elder people.

Materials and methods. A prospective study, were selected 35 patients (15 men, 20 women), candidates for cochlear implantation. Average age at the start of the study was 65 ± 9 years. Cognitive function was assessed using the RBANS-H, HI-MoCA, sound quality assessment using the HISQUI19, depression and anxiety level assessment using the HADS. Studies were conducted before surgery, 6 and 12 months after the activation of the cochlear implant.

Results. There was an increase in cognitive function, assessed by the RBANS and HI-MoCA. In addition, the patients showed a decrease in the levels of depression and anxiety, assessed by the HADS test.

Conclusions. Cochlear implantation, as a method of rehabilitation of deep hearing impairment in elder people, has shown high efficiency on cognitive function, and decrease of depression and anxiety in the postoperative period.
Advantages of instant forms of antibiotics in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections
Authors: Lazareva N. B. , Rebrova E. V.
Published: November 2023

Antibacterial drugs are the basis of pathogenetic therapy of most infectious diseases, including lower respiratory tract infections, which continue to occupy a leading place in the structure of morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases worldwide. At the same time, the continuing steady growth of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms, the problem of creating and developing new antibacterial drugs for use in outpatient practice determines the degree of importance of optimizing the dosage regimen of this group of drugs. According to domestic and foreign clinical recommendations, the drugs of choice for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections in outpatient practice are aminopenicillins and inhibitor-protected penicillins. In the literature review of domestic and foreign studies, the advantages of instant forms of antibacterial drugs in the pharmacotherapy of lower respiratory tract infections are considered in detail and systematized. These include higher bioavailability of the drug, which provides an appropriate level of pharmacodynamic and clinical efficacy, a more favorable safety profile, ease of use in children and elderly patients, as well as in patients with impaired swallowing function, pharmacoeconomical advantages. Thus, the use of dispersible forms of antibacterial drugs in outpatient practice in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy, improve patient tolerance and adherence to treatment, which is especially important when taking medications independently, reduce treatment costs, which in combination helps to curb the development of antibiotic resistance.
Modern view on the problems of secretory otitis media in children
Authors: Drozdova M. V. , Dvorianchikov V. V. , Spekov D. V.
Published: November 2023

Anti-inflammatory therapy as part of the treatment of exudative otitis media (EOM) that develops in rhinitis and rhinosinusitis is included in various treatment regimens. If conservative therapy for EOM is ineffective, surgical intervention in the form of various variants of adenotomy and removal of secretions from the tympanic cavity is considered. The authors selected and described in detail a clinical case of observation and treatment of EOM in a 7-year-old child, which allowed to highlight approaches to the diagnosis of the disease, assess her concomitant diseases, choose a method for surgical treatment and conservative therapy with a drug containing tuaminoheptane and acetylcysteine. Eustachian tube drainage followed by the use of an anticongestive drug to treat rhinosinusitis in a 7-year-old girl with EOM showed high effectiveness. The advantages of the drug are as follows: a direct unloading effect, the possibility of evacuation of thickening secretions from the nasal cavity and nasopharynx due to the drug containing acetylcysteine and tuaminoheptane. Thus, the tubular dysfunction in children can be associated with various reasons: inflammatory processes in the nasopharynx and paranasal sinuses (viral and bacterial infection), allergic (exposure to various allergens). EOM may develop in all types of tubular dysfunction in children. The adverse effects of long-term tympanostomy in chronic EOM has led to the search for alternatives. The long-term eustachian tube drainage can be regarded as this method. The anticongestive agent for rhinosinusitis can be used in children with EOM from the age of 6 years. The advantages of the drug include a direct unloading effect, minimal contraindications, restoration of nasal breathing without systemic exposure in frequently ill children, and the possibility of evacuation of thickening secretions from the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. In summary, an anticongestive agent containing acetylcysteine and tuaminoheptane can be recommended for use in paediatric otorhinolaryngological practice to treat acute and subacute rhinitis in children with EOM.
Evaluation of different strategies for using steroids in the treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Gergiev V. F. , Svistushkin V. M. , Nikiforova G. N. , Volkova P. V. , Zolotova A. V. , Kochetkov P. A. , Mironova A. R.
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss is manifested by sudden or rapid hearing loss without obvious disturbances in the outer and middle ear. Often the cause of this condition is not established. At the moment, various methods are used in the treatment, including corticosteroids, which are most often used as primary therapy. Recent studies demonstrate the effectiveness of topical steroid administration.

Aim. Assess the effectiveness and safety of various methods of topical and standard systemic use dexamethasone in the treatment of patients with acute sensorineural hearing loss, as well as to determine the optimal timing of therapy.

Materials and methods. 61 patients with this disease were treated in the study. 20 of them received dexamethasone transtubarly, 21 – transtympanic, and 20 – systemically. Audiological examination was performed on all patients before treatment, at discharge, a month and six months after discharge. All participants regularly assessed their discomfort on a 10-point scale. Results. The results of treatment demonstrated the effectiveness of both systemic and local steroid therapy in patients with sensorineural hearing loss; however, with topical use of the drug, the proportion of patients with complete hearing restoration was greater. Transtympanic introduction of steroids after radiowave myringotomy turned out to be the most comfortable for patients the level of discomfort was 1.5 points out of 10, while against the background of transtubal administration of the drug and systemic treatment it was 4.5 and 2.3 points, respectively.

Conclusions. The method of transtympanic administration of corticosteroids in patients with acute sensorineural hearing loss after radiowave myringotomy is a reliable and effective method of drug delivery to the windows of the labyrinth. This approach allows you to visually control the process of introducing the medication into the tympanic cavity. Transtympanic and transtubal methods of steroid administration are comparable in effectiveness to classical systemic steroid therapy in the treatment of patients with acute sensorineural hearing loss.
Current aspects of the treatment of acute tonsillopharyngitis: the place of topical therapy
Authors: Svistushkin V. M. , Mokoyan Zh. T. , Svistushkin M. V. , Sagova D I.
Published: November 2023

The problem of acute tonsillopharyngitis remains relevant despite a huge amount of research. According to modern clinical guidelines, practically the only indication for prescribing systemic antibacterial therapy remains the GAS etiology of acute tonsillopharyngitis. At the same time, in clinical practice there are often cases of patients independently and unjustifiably starting to take systemic antibacterial drugs due to severe pain, which they were unable to relieve with the use of topical drugs. Most cases of acute tonsillopharyngitis are of a viral etiology. According to the modern guidelines, there is almost the one and only indication for antibiotics in patients with acute tonsillitis. Taking into account, the timing of a standard microbiological study, special clinical scales are used to quickly assess the clinical picture, according to which the patient scores a certain number of points depending on whether certain criteria are met. The most widely used is the McIsaac scale, which takes into account, in addition to the clinical picture, the patient’s age. At the same time, in clinical practice there are often cases of patients independently and unjustifiably starting to take systemic antibacterial drugs due to severe pain, which they were unable to relieve with the use of topical drugs. Thus, timely prescription of topical drugs effective for pain relief occupies an important place in the management of patients with both viral and bacterial acute tonsillopharyngitis. The article presents a series of clinical cases of acute tonsillopharyngitis, which can be characterized by the complexity of differential diagnosis. Using their own observations as an example, the authors demonstrate the importance of timely effective topical therapy, in particular with the antiseptic drug Mitraseptin-PRO (benzyldimethylmyristoylaminopropylammonium).
Characteristics of CF patients over 18 years of age in the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Shakirova G. R. , Gizatullina E. D.
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease characterized by the defeat of all exocrine glands, vital organs and systems. Currently, the life expectancy of patients with cystic fibrosis is increasing due to the development of new therapies.

Goal. Analysis of the results of a comprehensive examination of patients with cystic fibrosis under the supervision of a pulmonologist of Republican Clinical Hospital (RCH) of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan.

Materials and methods. The analysis of the database of patients with cystic fibrosis, older than 18 years, registered in the Regional Center of cystic fibrosis of the Republic of Tatarstan (RT).

Results. As of April 2023, 47 patients over the age of 18 with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis were registered in the RCH of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan. The diagnosis was made on the basis of a positive sweat sample and/or a genetic study. The age of patients is from 18 to 39 years (26.1 ± 1.1 years). Women – 49%, men – 51%. Median body weight – 51.5 kg, height – 165 cm, BMI – 18.05 kg/m2. 25 patients (53.2%) had a BMI of less than 18.5 kg/m2. Among patients in RT, the most common mutation is F508del. When assessing the microbiological profile of the respiratory tract, chronic infection was detected in 37 patients (78.7%). Ps. aeruginosa (66.0%) and S.aureus (35.6%) were the most frequently sown. The average FVC indicators were 72.6 ± 4.3% predicted values, the average FEV1 indicators were 61.6 ± 28.1% predicted values.

Conclusion. On the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan in patients with cystic fibrosis, the F508del mutation was detected in 30 (66.7%) adult patients, 9 of whom receive targeted therapy elecsacaftor / tezacaftor / ivacaftor+ ivacaftor with a pronounced positive effect. The high incidence of P. aeruginosa infection (66.0%) and a decrease in respiratory function among adult patients indicate a more severe course of cystic fibrosis.
Allergic rhinitis: a comprehensive view of the problem
Authors: Ryazantsev S. V. , Budkovaia M. A. , Rebrova S. A.
Published: November 2023

Currently, allergic sensitization is considered as one of the key causes of the development of chronic inflammatory processes in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The choice of optimal drugs for the treatment of allergic rhinitis still remains a relevant, socially significant and interdisciplinary problem. The article analyzes the modern strategy for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and assesses the incidence of comorbid pathology associated with allergic sensitization in patients with this pathology. In accordance with the latest clinical guidelines, a discussion of a stepwise approach to the treatment of allergic rhinitis was carried out. Based on data from a number of studies, the advantages of prescribing intranasal corticosteroids (InGCS) and leukotriene receptor antagonists (ALR) in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, including when combined with bronchial asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, have been identified. Among the officially registered drugs for the basic treatment of allergic rhinitis, the characteristics of the original intranasal spray mometasone furoate and the leukotriene receptor blocker montelukast are described in detail. The discussion describes the possibilities of potentiating the effects of topical corticosteroids through combination with leukotriene receptor antagonists. A clinical example demonstrates the feasibility of using a combination of the intranasal corticosteroid Nasonex with the leukotriene receptor blocker Singulair to control the course of allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and, as a consequence, prevent the development of remodeling of the respiratory tract mucosa in such patients. During a follow-up examination after 3 months of therapy, the patient noted a subjective improvement in general well-being, nasal breathing, sense of smell, normalization of sleep, and a significant decrease in nasal discharge. There is no need for decongestants, sneezing is not a concern, and there is no respiratory discomfort. The combined use of ALR and InGCS enhances the anti-inflammatory effect of therapy.
Role of mucoactive therapy in the treatment of acute bronchitis
Authors: Lapidus N. I.
Published: November 2023

Patients with a new-onset cough and poorly expectorated sputum are quite often in the practice of both a general (family) practitioner and a pulmonologist. In this case, doctors often have difficulty diagnosing a disease and determining the correct approach to the management of the patient. Acute bronchitis (AB) is one of the reasons for this kind of cough that develops in a patient who underwent an acute respiratory infection (ARVI). AB is an inflammatory bronchi disease predominantly of infectious origin, which is manifested by a cough (dry or productive) and lasts up to 3 weeks. The prevalence of AB in the population is extremely high: 5% of the adult population falls ill annually. Acute cough is one of the most common reasons to see a therapist. However, other diseases, both respiratory and extrapulmonary, can mask under an occurrence of AB. The success of antitussive therapy primarily depends on the timely diagnosis of the disease and on the correct assessment of the characteristics of the cough: the nature, quantity and viscosity of the bronchial secretion (mucous or purulent), and the degree of expectoration. The article pays great attention to the mucoactive therapy. Mucolytics are the most effective antitussive drugs with efferent peripheral action. Erdosteine is one of them. It has not only mucolytic, but also anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The main mechanisms of action of erdosteine, indications and experience in the treatment of AB in clinical practice are described. The presented article discusses the issues of etiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy of AB, and offers a clinical case report of a patient with suspected AB.
EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF 1-(BROMOMETHYL)-3,5-DIMETHOXYBENZENE: X-RAY STRUCTURE, HIRSHFELD SURFACE ANALYSIS, DFTs, AND MOLECULAR MODELLING INVESTIGATIONS AS TYROSINASE INHIBITOR
Authors: Saeed Aamer , Abida Ejaz Syeda , Aziz Mubashir , Ali Channar Pervaiz , Sumreen Laila , Ujan Rabail , Wani Tanveer , Zargar Seema , Hökelek Tuncer , Flörke Ulrich
Published: November 2023

The synthesis of 1-(bromomethyl)-3,5-dimethoxybenzene, a crucial intermediate in the formation of various natural products, was carried out through a straightforward three-step procedure starting from 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. The structure of the synthesized derivative was fully characterized using a combination of spectroscopic techniques and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystalline sample was found to possess monoclinic symmetry with dimensions a = 8.4054(10) Å, b = 4.4245(6) Å, c = 25.016(3) Å, volume V = 928.9(2) Å3 and Z = 4.0. In order to assess the inhibitory potential of the synthesized crystal, a comprehensive in-silico investigation was conducted which involved molecular docking, density function theory (DFT) analysis, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies. The docking analysis was utilized to determine the binding orientation of the compound with respect to the target proteins, while DFT analysis was utilized to evaluate the molecule’s reactivity profile. The MD simulation approach was used to evaluate the structural rearrangements and chemical interactions that occurred during the simulation period. The results of these studies suggest that the synthesized crystal could potentially serve as a dual inhibitor of RNR and tyrosinase and could be a suitable candidate for the synthesis of noval anti-cancer agent for the treatment of associated malignancies.
17. İstanbul Bienali Kapsamında Sergi Mekânlarının Enstalasyon Aracılığı ile Başkalaşımı
Authors: Kırca Mustafa , Kaya Aslıhan , Özsavaş Uluçay Nilay
Published: November 2023

Çağdaş sanat ve özellikle enstalasyon ile hem sanatçı için hem de izleyici için mekânın tanımları değişmiş ve mekân yeni bir rol üstlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada enstalasyon aracılığıyla başkalaşan sergi mekânlarının araştırılması ve bienaller üzerinden değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamdan yola çıkılarak çalışma kapsamında 17. İstanbul Bienali sergi mekânları incelenmiş, sanat, tasarım ve mimarinin arasındaki ilişki ve sergi mekânlarının etkileşimi nitel analiz yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Enstalasyonun mekânın etkin kullanımında ve eser ile ilişkisinde yeni bir yaklaşım sergileyerek mekâna özgü yeni eğilimler gösterdiği çalışmalar örneklenmiştir. Sonuç olarak 17. İstanbul Bienali’nde farklı mekânlar izleyene sanat aracılığı ile sunulmuş, hem mekânların fiziksel özellikleri ve nitelikleri ön plana çıkaran hem de mekânda yeni bir deneyime imkân tanıyan sanatçılara yer verilmiştir.
A Peep into the Tolerance Mechanism and the Sugar Beet Response to Salt Stress
Authors: Misra Varucha , Kumar Mall Ashutosh
Published: November 2023

Salt stress is one of the main environmental stresses occurring all over the
globe. Soil salinity is a serious issue in arid and semi-arid areas, causing significant
ecological disruption. Excess salts in the soil have an impact on plant nutrient intake
and osmotic equilibrium, causing osmotic and ionic stress. Complex physiological
features, metabolic pathways, enzyme synthesis, suitable solutes, metabolites, and
molecular or genetic networks all play a role in plant adaptation or tolerance to salinity
stress. Sugar beet is a well-known crop in terms of salt tolerance and for reclaiming
such soils, even for the growth of other crops. Natural endowments, accumulation of
organic solutes, sodium potassium ions accumulation in vacuoles, and osmotic
tolerance potential are some of the key mechanisms involved in providing tolerance to
sugar beet. A greater understanding of sugar beet tolerance and response to salt stress
will open up new avenues for increasing crop performance in these conditions. The
mechanisms involved in sugar beet adaptation to salt stress conditions, as well as the
response to such conditions, are discussed in this chapter.
Genetic Enhancement for Salt Tolerance in Rice
Authors: Padmavathi G. , Singh R. K. , Arun M.N. , Umakanth B. , Prasad G.S.V. , Muralidharan K.
Published: November 2023

Rice is the major and dominant cereal food crop in the world. Salinity stress
is the second most abiotic stress next to drought, limiting rice yield. Approximately 953
Mha area of the world is affected by salinity. Genetic improvement of salt tolerance is
an efficient approach to achieving yield gain in salt-affected areas. Although high-yielding salt-tolerant rice varieties are developed, it is difficult to generate tailor-made
adapted varieties through traditional breeding. Hence various crop improvement
approaches are followed, including marker-assisted selection and transgenic technology
apart from classical breeding. Numerous QTLs were identified through the molecular
marker approach, and specifically, Saltol QTL was introgressed into elite lines through
marker-assisted back cross-breeding, and improved salt-tolerant varieties were bred.
Genetic engineering tools are also amply employed whereby the genes underlying
various biochemical/physiological processes such as ion and osmotic homeostasis,
antioxidation, signaling, and transcription-associated with increased tolerance were
characterized, validated, and used to develop salt-tolerant lines of rice. Yet, a clear
relationship between expected gains in salt tolerance in vitro has often not been
observed in the field in terms of grain yield. Hence, an integrated approach involving
molecular breeding and conventional breeding would certainly pave the way to
enhance salt tolerance in rice.
Understanding Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Physiological Responses Under Drought and Salt Stresses
Authors: Kanojia Abhishek , Jaiswal Ayushi , Mudgil Yashwanti
Published: November 2023

The change in global climate patterns raised issues related to soil
salinization, desertification, unseasonal rains, and droughts which directly or indirectly
influence agricultural produce. Plants have some level of tolerance towards various
stresses, and this tolerance capacity varies among plant species based on their genetic
constitution and evolutionary adaptability. Abiotic stress sensing and responses in
plants involve complex pathways containing multiple steps and genes. To survive in
stressful conditions, plants need to adjust their physiological and metabolic processes.
Adjustments in these processes involve complex changes at the molecular level
resulting in a plant’s adaptation at a morphological and developmental level, which in
turn impacts agriculture yields (biomass). Here in this chapter, we are emphasizing
molecular dissection of the physiological responses towards salt and drought stress.
The study of salt and drought stress responses in plants is also important from an
agricultural perspective. We aim to provide up-to-date advancements in the molecular
biology field to explain ‘stress sensing to stress response’ in plants which involves
multifaceted pathways and networks. We will be covering the process starting from
sensing, transfer of signals, regulation of gene expressions, synthesis of osmolytes-metabolites, ROS scavenging pathways, etc.., involved in the survival of plants. This
chapter will specifically address information regarding salt and drought stress effects
and responses in plants.
Stock Procurement and Documentation as Emergency Trolley Content Discrepancy Factors in Emergency Installation (Study on a Private General Hospital in Malang Regency)
Authors: Yoga Sedana I Ketut , Listuhayu Kararawi , Setijowati Nanik
Published: November 2023

One of the common problems in managing emergency logistics is the emergency trolley that conflicts with the standard operating procedures. It causes a mismatch of the emergency trolley contents. In fact, the availability of unstandardized emergency trolleys will impact the quality of emergency services in the emergency department. The emergency medicine shortage and emergency trolley content discrepancy also occurred several times in the ER. This study was conducted to analyze the determinant factor of content discrepancy in the emergency trolley in the emergency room of a private hospital in Malang Regency. The research method used was descriptive quantitative. The methods of identifying the root of the problem were carried out through field observations, literature studies, brainstorming, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). Statistical tests were done using Bartlett's test of sphericity and Kaiser-Mayer Olkin (KMO) with a value higher or equivalent to 0.5. The study results formed two determinants of content discrepancies in the emergency trolley in the ER. The stock procurement factor is able to explain the problem by 48.02%, and the process documentation factor is able to explain the problem by 17.63%.
Comparing Personal Protective Equipment Practice among Health Worker's Job Role and Hospital Unit
Authors: Perdani Fandaruzzahra Putri , Chalidyanto Djazuly
Published: November 2023

Health workers have the highest risk exposure that can increase the pathogen infection risk during the Covid-19 pandemic. The use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is the most significant prevention, but mistakes while using PPE may occur in the donning (putting on) and doffing (taking off) process. This study compares the practice of using PPE among groups of health providers and hospital service units. The study design was a cross-sectional study conducted on non-infectious hospital employees in one specific hospital in Surabaya, totaling 102 employees. The Infection Prevention and Control Link Nurse (IPCLN) of the hospital conducted observations and analyses of health personnel in inpatient and triage units, treatment units, and support units. Based on the job roles, the employees were divided into health providers, healthcare support workers, and other health workers. Work units were categorized into inpatient units, outpatient and triage units, treatment units, and support units (cashier and registration areas). The results of the assessment were measured using One-Way ANOVA. Based on the job role, significant errors occurred when removing masks (p=0.048) made by health workers (38%). Meanwhile, in the hospital unit category, significant errors occurred in removing masks (p=0.000) and the use of gloves (p=0.002). Most mistakes were made in the outpatient and triage units, 92% and 42%, respectively. The complexity of wearing and removing PPE requires increased awareness and updated training on the correct use of PPE for all health workers who work in hospitals based on WHO recommendations during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Decreased Motivation as a Reason for Switching Normal Labor from Obstetricians to Midwives in Hospitals
Authors: Kusuma Wardhana Eka Chandra , Nuthea Merry , Hariyanti Tita
Published: November 2023

Based on the regulations, normal delivery with complications referred to a mother and child hospital is not under the right and obligation of the midwife as a maternity leader but must be led by an obstetrician. However, 58% of the normal deliveries were referred to midwives at Puri Bunda Mother and Child Hospital. This study aimed to explore the cause of the transfer of leadership in normal deliveries from obstetricians to midwives as the basis for developing solutions to the problems. This research was qualitative with a case study approach. Data were collected through focus group discussions, unstructured observations, and in-depth interviews. The total number of participants involved in this study was 16 people. Focus group discussions were conducted with midwives in the delivery room. In-depth interviews were conducted with the hospital director, the head of the delivery room, and obstetricians who provide normal delivery services. The results showed no guidelines and policies regarding the transfer of normal deliveries.
Capitalizing on Gen Z students’ interests and motivations to develop Global Citizenship Education in VEs
Authors: Matus-Mendoza Mariadelaluz
Published: November 2023

The article reports on the outcomes yielded by two different virtual exchanges conducted before and after the forced closures of academic institutions due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. They were designed considering interests and motivations of Gen Z students (Seemiller & Grace, 2016) and aimed at including a Global Citizenship Education approach to deal with contemporary world challenges. The current article details these telecollaborations between two cohorts of a large private research university in Eastern North America and two large research state universities in the Southern part of North America and Western South America that were brought together to deepen their understanding on the migration phenomenon by performing collaborative tasks. Throughout these exchanges and at the conclusion of the courses, students reported common and divergent perspectives on issues discussed. Although there were more points of coincidence in their understanding of the phenomenon, when learners did not agree, they sought to see the other’s perspectives and strived to find common ground. Overall, the evaluation of these virtual exchanges was considered a beneficial and rewarding experience that not only made their learning easier but gave access to more global perspectives about the migration phenomenon. The terms virtual exchange and telecollaboration are treated synonymously.
Saving is Losing: Pumping Cost vs. GHG Emissions in Water Distribution Systems
Authors: Barkdoll Brian
Published: November 2023

Global climate change has necessitated the reduction of GHG emissions. Water distribution system (WDS) pumping adds to these emissions and, therefore, should be reduced. Under electricity hourly cost tariffs, utilities are incentivized to pump during the nighttime hours. This can have a deleterious effect, however, on GHG emissions. To quantify this effect, a modeling study of twelve real WDSs was performed with an electricity tariff. The systems all had the typical tank-level-based pump controls but also time-based controls. Results show there can be a tradeoff between pumping cost and GHG emissions, depending on the pump schedule. If the pumps are forced to supply demand in a shorter time to take advantage of the lower cost during off-peak hours, then the flowrate must be higher with a concomitant increase in velocity and headloss, thereby adding to the GHG emissions. This effect was not found for all systems, however. Pumping over all the low-cost hours resulted in the pseudo-optimal solution of lowest combination of cost and GHG emissions for many systems. It might be worth it, however, to incur higher costs and reduce GHG emissions, given the severity of climate change occurring around the world.
Start Early: Providing Trauma-Informed, Systems-Focused Professional Development in Early Childhood Development and Learning Contexts
Authors: Price Daicia , Robinson Yatesha , Riley Hurley , Ribaudo Julie , Giang Christopher , Herrenkohl Todd , Miller Alison
Published: November 2023

Adverse and traumatic childhood experiences can have profound negative health and mental health consequences across the lifespan. Prevention and early intervention strategies to mitigate such impacts and foster resilience are essential, yet extant approaches often do not consider the systemic nature of trauma exposure, particularly among communities most impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and historic disinvestment. Addressing the impacts of trauma early in life is critical in order to mitigate their long-term effects on child development. The current project worked with a community Head Start/Early Head Start partner to adapt, deliver, and conduct a formative evaluation of Trauma-Informed Programs and Practices in Schools-Early Childhood (TIPPS-EC), a systems-focused professional development approach to creating and maintaining trauma-informed early childhood development and learning contexts serving children ages 0-5 years and their families. Training materials were designed to highlight community and systemic sources of trauma exposures; acknowledge teacher stress and burnout; and present research-based information on trauma exposure, how effects may manifest, and the impacts of trauma exposures on very young children and the adults in their lives. Data were collected to evaluate participants' responses to TIPPS-EC and solicit their input regarding implementing systems-focused, trauma-informed approaches in EC settings (n = 56 Head Start/Early Head Start professionals). Participants were satisfied with TIPPS-EC and endorsed greater knowledge of trauma-informed approaches and systemic trauma after the professional development sessions. Participants made multiple suggestions for next steps for implementing systemic approaches in EC settings. TIPPS-EC presents a framework for understanding systemic trauma exposures as they manifest in EC contexts, and for identifying systems-level strategies that can support EC professionals to help mitigate the impacts of trauma on the children and families they serve. Implications for addressing stress, burnout, and trauma impacts specifically in EC educational settings are discussed.
Exploration and Research on the Construction of Environmental Design Discipline in the Context of Interdisciplinary Studies
Authors: Shi Lili , Wang Yingquan
Published: November 2023

In recent years, in order to thoroughly implement the “National Medium and Long-term Educational Reform and Development Plan,” the construction of art colleges has emphasized the characteristics of disciplines and industries. “Integration of Art and Technology” is not only a contemporary design principle but also the direction and essence of modern design talent cultivation. As the demand for talent in the country continues to rise, versatile talents are currently in short supply. This paper explores the research and practice of talent cultivation in the field of environmental design based on the characteristic of “integration of art and engineering,” using the environmental design major at Qingdao Yellow Sea College as an example. With the rapid development of society and continuous technological progress, the traditional single-discipline training model can no longer meet the complex and changing design requirements. Therefore, this study integrates the fields of art and engineering, constructing a new talent cultivation model aimed at nurturing individuals with both artistic creativity and engineering technical capabilities.
Entre el soneto y el monólogo dramático: Borges y la búsqueda del poema
Authors: Linares Gabriel
Published: November 2023

El presente artículo considera el interés de Jorge Luis Borges por reflexionar y contemplar la escritura de un “poema total”, es decir, una composición que emulara la épica clásica o los intentos desde el Romanticismo por crear una composición similar. En la primera parte de este trabajo, se presenta evidencia de que dicha aspiración existía en Borges desde el principio de su carrera. El primer modelo técnico fue ofrecido por Whitman, quien se sirvió de largas enumeraciones que pretendían abarcar la vastedad de la experiencia humana. Borges, sin embargo, pronto se sintió insatisfecho con dicha técnica y exploró otras vías. En la parte central de este texto sugiero que en algunos relatos —“El Aleph”, “La escritura del dios” y “Undr”— parece sugerir que tal composición debe ser rica en alusiones, más que en la enumeración, y compacta, más que vasta, en cuanto que lo absoluto no necesita del exceso. En la parte final del artículo, analizo el poema tardío “Él”. Sugiero que es uno de varios intentos por dar forma a la composición ya mencionada. En este poema, Borges combina sus propias variantes del soneto inglés y del monólogo dramático en un texto rico en alusiones y referencias intertextuales.