bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WHITENESS, MISCEGENATION, AND ANTI-COLONIAL REBELLION IN RUDYARD KIPLING’STHE MAN WHO WOULD BE KING
Authors: Mondal Sharleen
Published: September 2014

In 1827, Josiah Harlan, a Quaker from Chester County, Pennsylvania, set up camp just south of the border of the Punjab region of India. He rummaged up a ragtag army of Muslim, Hindu, Afghan, and Akali Sikh mercenaries, and with Old Glory flying above him, he and his army started their journey, along with a caravan of saddle horses, camels, carriage cattle, and a royal mace bearer to announce the coming of the would-be American king. With Alexander the Great's march through the same lands twenty-one centuries earlier very much on his mind (Macintyre 40), Harlan set out – under the auspices of restoring the exiled Afghan monarch Shah Shujah to the throne – determined to win power and fame for himself. Disguising himself as a Muslim holy man and at times using brute force, he crossed the Afghan border and ultimately became the Prince of Ghor under secret treaty (227). By 1839, loyal not to Shah Shujah but to his enemy, Dost Mohammed Khan, Harlan returned to his Kabul home to find that the British had seized his property “by right of conquest” (252). Harlan left Kabul, fully intending to return and reclaim his princely title. Once back in the United States, Harlan proposed various schemes to the U.S. government (for which he would be the emissary, of course), including an Afghanistan-U.S. camel trade and grape trade, neither of which succeeded. Harlan penned a memoir that the British lambasted – unsurprisingly, for it sharply criticized the British presence in Afghanistan. In 1862, at the age of sixty-two, with no formal rank or U.S. military experience, Harlan became the colonel of Harlan's Light Cavalry, fighting on the side of the Union in the Civil War (Macintyre 275). Too weak to perform his duties, he left the army the same year, wandered the U.S. aimlessly, and died in 1871, buried “after a funeral without mourners” (286).
THE NEW OTHER VICTORIANS: THE SUCCESS (AND FAILURE) OF QUEER THEORY IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY BRITISH STUDIES
Authors: Kaye Richard A.
Published: September 2014

Much of the critical writingon Queer Theory and Sexuality Studies in a Victorian context over the last decade or so has been absorbing, exploring, complicating, and working under the burden of the influence of Michel Foucault's theoretical writings on erotic relations and identity. The first volume of Foucault'sThe History of Sexuality(1978), in fact, had begun with a gauntlet thrown down before Victorian Studies, a chapter-long critique of Steven Marcus'sThe Other Victorians(1966), a work that had offered an entirely new and at the time, quite bold avenue of exploring nineteenth-century culture – namely, through the pornographic imagination that Marcus taxonomized with precise, clinical flair as a “pornotopia” in which “all men . . . are always infinitely potent; all women fecundate with lust and flow inexhaustibly with sap or both. Everyone is always ready for everything” (276). In Foucault's telling, however, Marcus demonstrated a theoretically impoverished faith in Freudian models of “repression” in Marcus's examination of “underground” Victorian sexualities. It was Marcus's reliance on the “repressive fallacy,” his conviction that there existed a demarcated spatial and psychic Victorian counter-world thatThe History of Sexualityhad so forcefully undermined.
Predicting use of effective vegetable parenting practices with the Model of Goal Directed Behavior
Authors: Diep Cassandra S , Beltran Alicia , Chen Tzu-An , Thompson Debbe , O’Connor Teresia , Hughes Sheryl , Baranowski Janice , Baranowski Tom
Published: September 2014

Objective

To model effective vegetable parenting practices using the Model of Goal Directed Vegetable Parenting Practices construct scales.

Design

An Internet survey was conducted with parents of pre-school children to assess their agreement with effective vegetable parenting practices and Model of Goal Directed Vegetable Parenting Practices items. Block regression modelling was conducted using the composite score of effective vegetable parenting practices scales as the outcome variable and the Model of Goal Directed Vegetable Parenting Practices constructs as predictors in separate and sequential blocks: demographics, intention, desire (intrinsic motivation), perceived barriers, autonomy, relatedness, self-efficacy, habit, anticipated emotions, perceived behavioural control, attitudes and lastly norms. Backward deletion was employed at the end for any variable not significant at P<0·05.

Setting

Houston, TX, USA.

Subjects

Three hundred and seven parents (mostly mothers) of pre-school children.

Results

Significant predictors in the final model in order of relationship strength included habit of active child involvement in vegetable selection, habit of positive vegetable communications, respondent not liking vegetables, habit of keeping a positive vegetable environment and perceived behavioural control of having a positive influence on child’s vegetable consumption. The final model’s adjusted R2 was 0·486.

Conclusions

This was the first study to test scales from a behavioural model to predict effective vegetable parenting practices. Further research needs to assess these Model of Goal Directed Vegetable Parenting Practices scales for their (i) predictiveness of child consumption of vegetables in longitudinal samples and (ii) utility in guiding design of vegetable parenting practices interventions.
Catchment-scale biogeography of riverine bacterioplankton
Authors: Read Daniel S , Gweon Hyun S , Bowes Michael J , Newbold Lindsay K , Field Dawn , Bailey Mark J , Griffiths Robert I
Published: September 2014

Lotic ecosystems such as rivers and streams are unique in that they represent a continuum of both space and time during the transition from headwaters to the river mouth. As microbes have very different controls over their ecology, distribution and dispersion compared with macrobiota, we wished to explore biogeographical patterns within a river catchment and uncover the major drivers structuring bacterioplankton communities. Water samples collected across the River Thames Basin, UK, covering the transition from headwater tributaries to the lower reaches of the main river channel were characterised using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. This approach revealed an ecological succession in the bacterial community composition along the river continuum, moving from a community dominated by Bacteroidetes in the headwaters to Actinobacteria-dominated downstream. Location of the sampling point in the river network (measured as the cumulative water channel distance upstream) was found to be the most predictive spatial feature; inferring that ecological processes pertaining to temporal community succession are of prime importance in driving the assemblages of riverine bacterioplankton communities. A decrease in bacterial activity rates and an increase in the abundance of low nucleic acid bacteria relative to high nucleic acid bacteria were found to correspond with these downstream changes in community structure, suggesting corresponding functional changes. Our findings show that bacterial communities across the Thames basin exhibit an ecological succession along the river continuum, and that this is primarily driven by water residence time rather than the physico-chemical status of the river.
Effects of ecological engineered oxygenation on the bacterial community structure in an anoxic fjord in western Sweden
Authors: Forth Michael , Liljebladh Bengt , Stigebrandt Anders , Hall Per O J , Treusch Alexander H
Published: September 2014

Oxygen-depleted bodies of water are becoming increasingly common in marine ecosystems. Solutions to reverse this trend are needed and under development, for example, by the Baltic deep-water OXygenation (BOX) project. In the framework of this project, the Swedish Byfjord was chosen for a pilot study, investigating the effects of an engineered oxygenation on long-term anoxic bottom waters. The strong stratification of the water column of the Byfjord was broken up by pumping surface water into the deeper layers, triggering several inflows of oxygen-rich water and increasing oxygen levels in the lower water column and the benthic zone up to 110 μmol l−1.We used molecular ecologic methods to study changes in bacterial community structure in response to the oxygenation in the Byfjord. Water column samples from before, during and after the oxygenation as well as from two nearby control fjords were analyzed. Our results showed a strong shift in bacterial community composition when the bottom water in the Byfjord became oxic. Initially dominant indicator species for oxygen minimum zones such as members of the SUP05 clade declined in abundance during the oxygenation event and nearly vanished after the oxygenation was accomplished. In contrast, aerobic species like SAR11 that initially were restricted to surface waters could later be detected deep into the water column. Overall, the bacterial community in the formerly anoxic bottom waters changed to a community structure similar to those found in oxic waters, showing that an engineered oxygenation of a large body of anoxic marine water is possible and emulates that of a natural oxygenation event.
Prediction of post-earthquake depressive and anxiety symptoms: a longitudinal resting-state fMRI study
Authors: Long Jinyi , Huang Xiaoqi , Liao Yi , Hu Xinyu , Hu Junmei , Lui Su , Zhang Rui , Li Yuanqing , Gong Qiyong
Published: September 2014

Neurobiological markers of stress symptom progression for healthy survivors from a disaster (e.g., an earthquake) would greatly help with early intervention to prevent the development of stress-related disorders. However, the relationship between the neurobiological alterations and the symptom progression over time is unclear. Here, we examined 44 healthy survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake in China in a longitudinal resting-state fMRI study to observe the alterations of brain functions related to depressive or anxiety symptom progression. Using multi-variate pattern analysis to the fMRI data, we successfully predicted the depressive or anxiety symptom severity for these survivors in short- (25 days) and long-term (2 years) and the symptom severity changes over time. Several brain areas (e.g., the frontolimbic and striatal areas) and the functional connectivities located within the fronto-striato-thalamic and default-mode networks were found to be correlated with the symptom progression and might play important roles in the adaptation to trauma.
Hybrid membranes of metal–organic molecule nanocages for aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon separation by pervaporation
Authors: Zhao Cui , Wang Naixin , Wang Lin , Huang Hongliang , Zhang Rong , Yang Fan , Xie Yabo , Ji Shulan , Li Jian-Rong
Published: September 2014

Hybrid membranes of metal–organic molecule nanocages were fabricated on a ceramic hollow tube by a simple immerse-coating method, which exhibit excellent pervaporation separation performances towards the aromatic–aliphatic hydrocarbon mixture.
Fluorescence lifetime-based sensing of sodium by an optode
Authors: Schwarze Thomas , Müller Holger , Ast Sandra , Steinbrück Dörte , Eidner Sascha , Geißler Felix , Kumke Michael U. , Holdt Hans-Jürgen
Published: September 2014

We report a 1,2,3-triazol fluoroionophore for detecting Na+that showsin vitroenhancement in Na+-induced fluorescence intensity and decay time.
Reversible photoswitching specifically responds to mercury(ii) ions: the gated photochromism of bis(dithiazole)ethene
Authors: Wu Yue , Zhu Weihong , Wan Wei , Xie Yongshu , Tian He , Li Alexander D. Q.
Published: September 2014

Photochromic diarylethenes exhibit Hg(ii)-induced gated photoreactivity, an unprecedented combination of the “Lock/Unlock” function, which is suitable for Hg(ii) probes.
Catalytic asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions involving aryl vinyl ketones
Authors: Kong Liman , Han Xiaoyu , Jiao Peng
Published: September 2014

A catalytic asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction of an aryl vinyl ketone with 1,3-dienylcarbamate has been developed.
Insights into the crystal packing of phosphorylporphyrins based on the topology of their intermolecular interaction energies
Authors: Zubatyuk Roman I. , Sinelshchikova Anna A. , Enakieva Yulia Y. , Gorbunova Yulia G. , Tsivadze Aslan Y. , Nefedov Sergey E. , Bessmertnykh-Lemeune Alla , Guilard Roger , Shishkin Oleg V.
Published: September 2014

Principal features of crystal packing for the series of complexes were revealed by computational approach.
A bio-inspired nacre-like layered hybrid structure of calcium carbonate under the control of carboxyl graphene
Authors: Li Jie , Liu Dandan , Li Bo , Wang Jun , Han Shihui , Liu Lianhe , Wei Hao
Published: September 2014

Schematic illustration of the fabrication of GO-COOH/CaCO3 multilayer hybrid structures: GO-COOH, the GO-COOH/CaCl2 multilayer hybrid structure, and the GO-COOH/CaCO3 hybrid multilayer structure (from left to right).
A robust two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network for the predictable assembly of ternary co-crystals of furosemide
Authors: Srirambhatla Vijay K. , Kraft Arno , Watt Stephen , Powell Anthony V.
Published: September 2014

Identification of a two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network leads to a new family of ternary co-crystals of furosemide.
Formation, isomerization, and dissociation of ε- and α-carbon-centered tyrosylglycylglycine radical cations
Authors: Lai Cheuk-Kuen , Mu Xiaoyan , Hao Qiang , Hopkinson Alan C. , Chu Ivan K.
Published: September 2014

The CID spectra of [Yε˙GG]+ and [YGGα˙]+ are identical, showing that interconversion occurs prior to dissociation. For [Yε˙GG]+, [Yπ˙GG]+ and [YGα˙G]+, the dissociation products are all distinctly different, indicating that dissociation occurs more readily than isomerization.
Eutectic melting of LiBH4–KBH4
Authors: Ley Morten B. , Roedern Elsa , Jensen Torben R.
Published: September 2014

Extremely low eutectic melting temperature and pressure stabilisation of a bi-metallic borohydride with implication for mechanochemistry.
Ordered mesoporous ferrosilicate materials with highly dispersed iron oxide nanoparticles and investigation of their unique magnetic properties
Authors: Srinivasu Pavuluri , Suresh Koppoju , Datt Gopal , Abhayankar Ashutosh C. , Rao Pothuraju Nageswara , Lakshmi Kantam Mannepalli , Bhargava Suresh K. , Tang Jing , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: September 2014

Ordered mesoporous ferrosilicate materials with highly dispersed iron oxide nanoparticles are directly synthesized through a hydrothermal approach under acidic conditions.
The dimeric nature of bonding in gallium: from small clusters to the α-gallium phase
Authors: Tonner Ralf , Gaston Nicola
Published: September 2014

Analysis of the bonding between pairs of atoms in small gallium clusters gives insight into the structure of bulk alpha gallium, a ‘molecular metal’.
Hybrid platforms of graphane–graphene 2D structures: prototypes for atomically precise nanoelectronics
Authors: de B. Mota F. , Rivelino R. , Medeiros P. V. C. , Mascarenhas A. J. S. , de Castilho C. M. C.
Published: September 2014

Graphane-based electronics in nanocircuits.
Peroxoniobium(v)-catalyzed selective oxidation of sulfides with hydrogen peroxide in water: a sustainable approach
Authors: Gogoi Sandhya Rani , Boruah Jeena Jyoti , Sengupta Gargi , Saikia Gangutri , Ahmed Kabirun , Bania Kusum K. , Islam Nashreen S.
Published: September 2014

Facile and selective transformation of thioethers to the corresponding sulfoxides or sulfones with 30% H2O2has been achieved in an aqueous medium by using peroxoniobium(v) complexes as reusable catalysts.
Efficient magnetic and recyclable SBILC (supported basic ionic liquid catalyst)-based heterogeneous organocatalysts for the asymmetric epoxidation of trans-methylcinnamate
Authors: Candu N. , Rizescu C. , Podolean I. , Tudorache M. , Parvulescu V. I. , Coman S. M.
Published: September 2014

A green heterogeneous catalytic alternative was developed for the asymmetric epoxidation of trans-methylcinnamate to (2R,3S)-phenyl glycidate.
Bis(piperidinedithiocarbamato)pyridinecadmium(ii) as a single-source precursor for the synthesis of CdS nanoparticles and aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) of CdS thin films
Authors: Mlowe Sixberth , Lewis David J. , Azad Malik M. , Raftery James , Mubofu Egid B. , O'Brien Paul , Revaprasadu Neerish
Published: September 2014

The pyridine adduct of a cadmium piperidine dithiocarbamate complex was used to deposit CdS thin films and for the synthesis of CdS nanoparticles.
Triple-layered nanostructured WO3 photoanodes with enhanced photocurrent generation and superior stability for photoelectrochemical solar energy conversion
Authors: Qi Huan , Wolfe Jonathan , Wang Danping , Fan Hong Jin , Fichou Denis , Chen Zhong
Published: September 2014

Unique nanorods/nanoparticles/nanoflakes WO3 triple-layers acting as efficient photoanodes are grown on a metallic W foil by a simple one-step anodization method.
Metallic nanowire networks: effects of thermal annealing on electrical resistance
Authors: Langley D. P. , Lagrange M. , Giusti G. , Jiménez C. , Bréchet Y. , Nguyen N. D. , Bellet D.
Published: September 2014

Metallic nanowire networks have huge potential in devices requiring transparent electrodes. This article describes how the electrical resistance of metal nanowire networks evolve under thermal annealing. Understanding the behavior of such films is crucial for the optimization of transparent electrodes which find many applications.
Synthesis and characterization of novel barbwire-like graft polymers poly(ethylene oxide)-g-poly(ε-caprolactone)4 by the ‘grafting from’ strategy
Authors: Liang Xinyi , Liu Yujie , Huang Jian , Wei Liuhe , Wang Guowei
Published: September 2014

Novel barbwire-like graft polymers PEO-g-PCL4 were synthesized by combination of ring opening polymerization (ROP) and Glaser coupling with thiol–yne addition reaction via the “grafting from” strategy.
Effect of phase composition, morphology, and specific surface area on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanomaterials
Authors: Cheng Hao , Wang Jingyu , Zhao Yizhi , Han Xijiang
Published: September 2014

TiO2-based nanomaterials could reach the maximal photoactivity when designing 0D/1D heterogenous structure with appropriate phase composition and high surface area.
A novel surfactant aided micellar system of oxidation inhibitors in clotrimazole bioadhesive gel: development, characterization, in vitro and in vivo antifungal evaluation against Candida clinical isolates
Authors: Bhardwaj Varun , Monga Jitender , Sharma Amit , Sharma Shailesh , Sharma Arun , Sharma Poonam
Published: September 2014

Clotrimazole (CLZ) is a widely used antifungal agent with poor aqueous solubility, which requires the development of new delivery systems to improve its therapeutic activity.
Control of PDMS crosslinking by encapsulating a hydride crosslinker in a PMMA microcapsule
Authors: Ma Baoguang , Hansen Jens Henrik , Hvilsted Søren , Skov Anne Ladegaard
Published: September 2014

Schematic diagram of the PDMS network around the microcapsule that leads to the trapping of HMS-301 in the range 0.8 < r < 1.4.
Graphene-wrapped sulfur-based composite cathodes: ball-milling synthesis and high discharge capacity
Authors: Su Zhong , Gao Chenglong , Li Hanlin , Nanda Sanjay , Lai Chao , Xi Kai
Published: September 2014

A graphene-wrapped sulfur/carbon nanotubes composite is prepared via a ball-milling route, which can help realize the large-scale synthesis of electrode materials with good consistency. The obtained composite shows a high discharge capacity and good cycle performance.
“Pulling” π-conjugated polyene biomolecules into water: enhancement of light-thermal stability and bioactivity by a facile graphene oxide-based phase-transfer approach
Authors: Zhang Wentao , Yu Shaoxuan , Liu Wei , Zhang Daohong , Zhu Wenxin , Zhang Yuhuan , Wu Wanqiang , Zhang Lixue , Wang Jianlong
Published: September 2014

Facile phase transfer of AST by GO via simple stirring, which improves properties of AST, such as poor water solubility, storage stability and antitumor activity.
Rh(iii)-catalyzed annulation of N-methoxybenzamides with ynesulfonamides at room temperature: a practical and efficient route to 4-aminoisoquinolone derivatives
Authors: Tan Guangying , Huang Xiaolei , Wu Qian , Zhang Luo-Qiang , You Jingsong
Published: September 2014

A mild Rh(iii)-catalyzed annulation of N-methoxybenzamides with ynesulfonamides has been developed for the synthesis of 4-aminoisoquinolone derivatives under external-oxidant-free conditions.
How does low-molecular-weight polystyrene dissolve: osmotic swelling vs. surface dissolution
Authors: Marcon Valentina , van der Vegt Nico F. A.
Published: September 2014

The immediate formation of an interfacial layer allows for chain detachment from a glassy polymer before the osmotic swelling starts.
Organized assemblies of colloids formed at the poles of micrometer-sized droplets of liquid crystal
Authors: Wang Xiaoguang , Miller Daniel S. , de Pablo Juan J. , Abbott Nicholas L.
Published: September 2014

We report on the formation of organized assemblies of 1 μm-in-diameter colloids at the poles of water-dispersed droplets (diameters 7–20 μm) of nematic liquid crystal (LC).
From biomolecule to Na3V2(PO4)3/nitrogen-decorated carbon hybrids: highly reversible cathodes for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Nie Ping , Zhu Yaoyao , Shen Laifa , Pang Gang , Xu Guiyin , Dong Shengyang , Dou Hui , Zhang Xiaogang
Published: September 2014

Biomolecule for sodium ion battery: we present important findings related to a high energy biomolecule, adenosine 5′-triphosphate disodium salt (ATP), as a novel precursor and environmentally friendly multifunctional source for the synthesis of bundle-like Na3V2(PO4)3/nitrogen-decorated carbon nanocomposites.
Facile one step method realizing scalable production of g-C3N4nanosheets and study of their photocatalytic H2evolution activity
Authors: Lu Xiuli , Xu Kun , Chen Pengzuo , Jia Kaicheng , Liu Si , Wu Changzheng
Published: September 2014

We report a facile one step method for fabricating g-C3N4nanosheets with enhanced photocatalytic H2evolution activity.
Acid-triggered drug release from micelles based on amphiphilic oligo(ethylene glycol)–doxorubicin alternative copolymers
Authors: Wang Ying , Luo Qiaojie , Sun Rui , Zha Guangyu , Li Xiaodong , Shen Zhiquan , Zhu Weipu
Published: September 2014

We prepared pH-sensitive amphiphilic oligo(ethylene glycol)–doxorubicin alternative conjugates for the controlled release of doxorubicin.
Modelling the luminescence of extended solids: an example of a highly luminescent MCM-41 impregnated with a Eu3+β-diketonate complex
Authors: Felício Mario R. , Nunes Teresa G. , Vaz Patrícia M. , Botas A. M. P. , Ribeiro-Claro Paulo , Ferreira Rute A. S. , Freire Ricardo O. , Vaz Pedro D. , Carlos Luís D. , Nunes Carla D. , Nolasco Mariela M.
Published: September 2014

The mesoporous silica MCM-41 was used as a support for the incorporation of the highly luminescent tris(β-diketonate) complex Eu(tta)3ephen yielding the hybrid MCM–Eu material.
A systematic identification of efficiency enrichment between thiazole and benzothiazole based yellow iridium(iii) complexes
Authors: Giridhar Thota , Cho Woosum , Kim Young-Hoon , Han Tae-Hee , Lee Tae-Woo , Jin Sung-Ho
Published: September 2014

A simple amendment of thiazole to benzothiazole based heteroleptic iridium(iii) complexes enhanced their efficiency in solution-processed yellow phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes.
Older and Younger Adult Cochlear Implant Users: Speech Recognition in Quiet and Noise, Quality of Life, and Music Perception
Authors: Sladen Douglas P. , Zappler Amanda
Published: September 2014

Purpose

To determine whether older cochlear implant (CI) listeners differ from younger CI listeners on measures of speech understanding, music perception, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). In the study, the authors hypothesized that speech recognition would be more difficult for older adults, especially in noisy conditions. Performance on music perception was expected to be lower for older implanted listeners. No differences between age groups were expected on HRQoL.

Method

Twenty older (>60 years) and 20 younger (<60 years) implanted adults participated. Speech understanding was assessed using words and sentences presented in quiet, and sentences presented at +15, +10, and +5 dB signal-to-noise ratio conditions. Music perception was tested using the University of Washington Clinical Assessment of Music, and HRQoL was measured using the Njimegen CI survey.

Results

Speech understanding was significantly lower for the older compared with the younger group in all conditions. Older implanted adults showed lower performance on music perception compared with younger implanted adults on 1 of 3 subtests. Older adults reported lower HRQoL benefit than younger adults on 3 of 6 subdomains.

Conclusion

Data indicate that older CI listeners performed more poorly than younger CI listeners, although group differences appear to be task specific.
Self‐aligning silicon interposer tiles and silicon bridges for large nanophotonics enabled systems
Authors: Yang H.S. , Zhang C. , Bakir M.S.
Published: September 2014

A two‐and‐a‐half‐dimensional (2.5D) platform for enabling silicon nano‐photonics and dense electrical interconnections between interposers in a tile‐like configuration is presented. Three 20 × 20 mm silicon interposer tiles are assembled directly on an FR4 printed wiring board (PWB), and two 6 × 20 mm silicon bridges are assembled on top of the interposer tiles. Accurate alignment of interposer tiles to bridges, an important metric in enabling highly efficient optical coupling, is provided using positive self‐alignment structures (PSASs). It is demonstrated that by using PSAS on two silicon substrates, sub‐micron alignment between substrates is possible; in the cascaded configuration involving FR4, <5 μm alignment accuracy is obtained. In addition, electrical interconnection via a bridge using mechanically flexible interconnects (MFIs) is demonstrated, which made non‐bonding interconnections from one interposer tile to another via a silicon bridge, allowing silicon bridges as well as the interposer tiles to be replaced. Total silicon interposer area available is 960 mm2.
Novel decoding algorithms for decode‐and‐forward cooperative beamforming systems
Authors: Lee Kyungchun
Published: September 2014

In this study, two novel decoding algorithms for cooperative beamforming (CBF) systems are proposed. In decode‐and‐forward‐based CBF, multiple relay nodes decode the packets transmitted from the source node and forward them to the destination node. However, decoding errors at the relay nodes cause erroneous retransmission of packets, which degrades the signal decoding performance at the destination node. To solve this problem, the optimal decoding strategy is derived; this strategy takes the potential errors in forwarded signals into account in the computation of the likelihood ratio of coded bits. Furthermore, to reduce the required computational complexity, a suboptimal decoding algorithm, which assumes that only one of the multiple relayed signals potentially contains errors in each time slot, is also proposed. In simulation results, it is observed that the proposed decoding algorithms for CBF provide performance improvements in terms of the achievable packet error rates with respect to the conventional schemes.
Asymptotic analysis of digital modulations in κ–μ, η–μ and α–μ fading channels
Authors: Annamalai Annamalai , Adebola Eyidayo
Published: September 2014

This study derives several new and simple closed‐form approximations for the average symbol error rate (ASER) and outage probability performance metrics of digital communication systems (with/without diversity receivers) impaired by additive white Gaussian noise and fading. These approximations utilise the coefficients of the Poincare series expansion for the probability density function (PDF) of signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) random variable in conjunction with Mellin transform of the conditional error probability and/or its auxiliary functions to generalise some of the known asymptotic ASER/outage probability expressions to a wider range of modulation schemes and different types of propagation environments (including κ–μ, η–μ and α–μ fading channels). A new class of asymptotic approximations for the ASER/outage probability is also derived (based on a normalised asymptotic PDF of SNR) that is considerably better than the conventional high‐SNR approximation although both techniques need only the first non‐zero term of the Maclaurin (if exists) or the Poincare series expansion of the channel PDF. The authors’ also investigate the utility/efficacy of Welch–Satterthwaite and Moschopoulos approximations for yielding accurate predictions of the ASER in the low‐SNR regime for different fading environments. Closed‐form approximations for the ergodic (average) channel capacities of different types of fading channels with/without diversity reception are also derived.
Reduced‐order implementation of disturbance observers for robust tracking of non‐linear systems
Authors: Back Juhoon , Shim Hyungbo
Published: September 2014

The disturbance‐observer‐based control (DOBC) is a well‐known robust control scheme and recently its non‐linear version has been developed. Observing that two components (so‐called Q‐filters) in the conventional DOBC structure have the same transfer function, the authors propose a reduced‐order DOBC for uncertain non‐linear systems. It is shown that the proposed controller also guarantees the same robust transient response as those developed before. Numerical simulations using a magnetic levitation system are included to illustrate the detailed design procedure and validate the performance of the proposed controller.
Stationary and dynamic consensus of second‐order multi‐agent systems with Markov jumping input delays
Authors: Hou Bo , Sun Fuchun , Li Hongbo , Liu Guangbin
Published: September 2014

This study investigates the consensus problem of second‐order multi‐agent systems which are subject to Markov jumping input delays. A unified framework is established to address both the stationary and dynamic consensus issues in sampled‐data settings. The authors first derive the sufficient conditions for consensus in terms of matrix inequalities. Thereafter, a cone complementarity linearisation‐based algorithm and its simplified implementation alternative are proposed for the delay‐dependent switching controller design. Compared with the existing works, the proposed algorithms possess less conservativeness and larger solution domains. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Finite‐time analysis and design for discrete‐time switching dynamics Markovian jump linear systems with time‐varying delay
Authors: Wen Jiwei , Peng Li , Nguang Sing Kiong
Published: September 2014

The problems of finite‐time analysis and design for a class of discrete‐time switching dynamics Markovian jump linear systems (SD‐MJLSs) with time‐varying delay are investigated in this study. The considered systems could be viewed as Markovian jump linear systems governed by a piecewise‐constant transition probability matrix, which is subject to a high‐level average dwell time (ADT) switching. The time delay is considered as time varying and has a lower and upper bound. First, sufficient conditions, which guarantee the stochastic finite‐time boundedness of the underlying systems, are presented by employing the ADT approach. These conditions are not only dependent on the delay upper bound but also the delay range. Then, a finite‐time weighted l2 gain of such delay SD‐MJLSs is obtained to measure the disturbance attenuation capability over a fixed time interval and the design of the stabilising controller is further given. Moreover, an improved controller design method, which could provide efficiency and practicability, is further developed. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the potential of the developed results.
Focal and diffused liver disease classification from ultrasound images based on isocontour segmentation
Authors: Krishnan K Raghesh , Radhakrishnan Sudhakar
Published: September 2014

Preliminary diagnosis based on ultrasound scanning is the first step in the treatment of many abdominal diseases. The noisy nature of the ultrasound image coupled with minimal contrasting features complicates the task of automatic classification if not impossible. This study presents a segmentation‐based approach to automatic classification of ten types of diffused and focal liver diseases from ultrasound images. A novel approach using Isocontour Segmentation based on Marching Squares, a computer graphics algorithm is presented. GLCM and fractal features are extracted from the segmented ultrasound images and classified using support vector machines and artificial neural networks (ANN) and the results are analysed. An overall classification accuracy of 92% is achieved using fractal features and ANN.
Transversal directional filters for channel combining
Authors: Hunter Ian C. , Musonda Evaristo , Parry Richard , Guess Michael , Sleigh Philip , Gostling Martin , Meng Meng
Published: September 2014

A new concept for the design of power combiners based on matched directional filters is presented. The directional filters consist of individual balanced sections composed of hybrids and single resonators. Each of the sections corresponds to a pole of an all‐pass function composed of the sum of S11 and S12 of the desired filter transfer function. A simple synthesis method is presented. The filter combiner has the advantage of ease of tunability because each pole is associated with a single resonator. Furthermore, no cross‐couplings are required to realise finite frequency transmission zeros. Experimental results for a prototype device are presented.
Aggregation of theta-polymers in spherical confinement
Authors: Zierenberg Johannes , Mueller Marco , Schierz Philipp , Marenz Martin , Janke Wolfhard
Published: September 2014

We investigate the aggregation transition of theta polymers in spherical confinement with multicanonical simulations. This allows for a systematic study of the effect of density on the aggregation transition temperature for up to 24 monodisperse polymers. Our results for solutions in the dilute regime show that polymers can be considered isolated for all temperatures larger than the aggregation temperature, which is shown to be a function of the density. The resulting competition between single-polymer collapse and aggregation yields the lower temperature bound of the isolated chain approximation. We provide entropic and energetic arguments to describe the density dependence and finite-size effects of the aggregation transition for monodisperse solutions in finite systems. This allows us to estimate the aggregation transition temperature of dilute systems in a spherical cavity, using a few simulations of small, sufficiently dilute polymer systems.
Multidimensional resonance raman spectroscopy by six-wave mixing in the deep UV
Authors: Molesky Brian P. , Giokas Paul G. , Guo Zhenkun , Moran Andrew M.
Published: September 2014

Two-dimensional (2D) resonance Raman spectroscopies hold great potential for uncovering photoinduced relaxation processes in molecules but are not yet widely applied because of technical challenges. Here, we describe a newly developed 2D resonance Raman experiment operational at the third-harmonic of a Titanium-Sapphire laser. High-sensitivity and rapid data acquisition are achieved by combining spectral interferometry with a background-free (six-pulse) laser beam geometry. The third-harmonic laser pulses are generated in a filament produced by the fundamental and second-harmonic pulses in neon gas at pressures up to 35 atm. The capabilities of the setup are demonstrated by probing ground-state wavepacket motions in triiodide. The information provided by the experiment is explored with two different representations of the signal. In one representation, Fourier transforms are carried out with respect to the two experimentally controlled delay times to obtain a 2D Raman spectrum. Further insights are derived in a second representation by dispersing the signal pulse in a spectrometer. It is shown that, as in traditional pump-probe experiments, the six-wave mixing signal spectrum encodes the wavepacket's position by way of the (time-evolving) emission frequency. Anharmonicity additionally induces dynamics in the vibrational resonance frequency. In all cases, the experimental signals are compared to model calculations based on a cumulant expansion approach. This study suggests that multi-dimensional resonance Raman spectroscopies conducted on systems with Franck-Condon active modes are fairly immune to many of the technical issues that challenge off-resonant 2D Raman spectroscopies (e.g., third-order cascades) and photon-echo experiments in the deep UV (e.g., coherence spikes). The development of higher-order nonlinear spectroscopies operational in the deep UV is motivated by studies of biological systems and elementary organic photochemistries.
Remnant PbI2, an unforeseen necessity in high-efficiency hybrid perovskite-based solar cells?
Authors: Cao Duyen H. , Stoumpos Constantinos C. , Malliakas Christos D. , Katz Michael J. , Farha Omar K. , Hupp Joseph T. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: September 2014

Perovskite-containing solar cells were fabricated in a two-step procedure in which PbI2 is deposited via spin-coating and subsequently converted to the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite by dipping in a solution of CH3NH3I. By varying the dipping time from 5 s to 2 h, we observe that the device performance shows an unexpectedly remarkable trend. At dipping times below 15 min the current density and voltage of the device are enhanced from 10.1 mA/cm2 and 933 mV (5 s) to 15.1 mA/cm2 and 1036 mV (15 min). However, upon further conversion, the current density decreases to 9.7 mA/cm2 and 846 mV after 2 h. Based on X-ray diffraction data, we determined that remnant PbI2 is always present in these devices. Work function and dark current measurements showed that the remnant PbI2 has a beneficial effect and acts as a blocking layer between the TiO2 semiconductor and the perovskite itself reducing the probability of back electron transfer (charge recombination). Furthermore, we find that increased dipping time leads to an increase in the size of perovskite crystals at the perovskite-hole-transporting material interface. Overall, approximately 15 min dipping time (∼2% unconverted PbI2) is necessary for achieving optimal device efficiency.
Mechanisms for the transition to waviness for Taylor vortices
Authors: Martinand Denis , Serre Eric , Lueptow Richard M.
Published: September 2014

Building on the weakly nonlinear amplitude equation of the saturated Taylor vortices developing in a Taylor–Couette cell with a rotating inner cylinder and a fixed outer one, the physical mechanism underlying the destabilization of these vortices resulting in azimuthal waviness is addressed using Floquet analysis. For narrow gap configurations, analysis and direct numerical simulations together with existing experimental results support the idea that the waviness is generated by the axial shear in the azimuthal velocity due to the alternate advection by the Taylor vortices of azimuthal momentum between the cylinders. For wide gap configurations, this mechanism is no longer able to drive the azimuthal waviness and a different mechanism tends to select a subharmonic instability.
Tunable magnetization dynamics in disordered FePdPt ternary alloys: Effects of spin orbit coupling
Authors: Ma L. , Li S. F. , He P. , Fan W. J. , Xu X. G. , Jiang Y. , Lai T. S. , Chen F. L. , Zhou S. M.
Published: September 2014

The magnetization dynamics of disordered Fe0.5(Pd1−xPtx)0.5 alloy films was studied by time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect and ferromagnetic resonance. The intrinsic Gilbert damping parameter α0 and the resonance linewidth change linearly with the Pt atomic concentration. In particular, the induced in-plane uniaxial anisotropy constant KU also increases for x increasing from 0 to 1. All these results can be attributed to the tuning effect of the spin orbit coupling. For the disordered ternary alloys, an approach is proposed to control the induced in-plane uniaxial anisotropy, different from conventional thermal treat methods, which is helpful to design and fabrications of spintronic devices.
Scaling and dimensional analysis of acoustic streaming jets
Authors: Moudjed B. , Botton V. , Henry D. , Ben Hadid H. , Garandet J.-P.
Published: September 2014

This paper focuses on acoustic streaming free jets. This is to say that progressive acoustic waves are used to generate a steady flow far from any wall. The derivation of the governing equations under the form of a nonlinear hydrodynamics problem coupled with an acoustic propagation problem is made on the basis of a time scale discrimination approach. This approach is preferred to the usually invoked amplitude perturbations expansion since it is consistent with experimental observations of acoustic streaming flows featuring hydrodynamic nonlinearities and turbulence. Experimental results obtained with a plane transducer in water are also presented together with a review of the former experimental investigations using similar configurations. A comparison of the shape of the acoustic field with the shape of the velocity field shows that diffraction is a key ingredient in the problem though it is rarely accounted for in the literature. A scaling analysis is made and leads to two scaling laws for the typical velocity level in acoustic streaming free jets; these are both observed in our setup and in former studies by other teams. We also perform a dimensional analysis of this problem: a set of seven dimensionless groups is required to describe a typical acoustic experiment. We find that a full similarity is usually not possible between two acoustic streaming experiments featuring different fluids. We then choose to relax the similarity with respect to sound attenuation and to focus on the case of a scaled water experiment representing an acoustic streaming application in liquid metals, in particular, in liquid silicon and in liquid sodium. We show that small acoustic powers can yield relatively high Reynolds numbers and velocity levels; this could be a virtue for heat and mass transfer applications, but a drawback for ultrasonic velocimetry.
Hybrid monitor for both beam position and tilt of pulsed high-current beams
Authors: Pang J. , He X. , Ma C. , Zhao L. , Li Q. , Dai Z.
Published: September 2014

A Hybrid beam monitor, integrated with both azimuthal and axial B-dot probes, was designed for simultaneous measurement of both beam position and beam angle for pulsed high-current beams at the same location in beam pipe. The output signals of axial B-dot probes were found to be mixed with signals caused by transverse position deviation. In order to eliminate the unwanted signals, an elimination method was developed and its feasibility tested on a 50-Ω coaxial line test stand. By this method, a waveform, shape-like to that of input current and proportional to the tilt angle, was simulated and processed by following integration step to achieve the tilt angle. The tests showed that the measurement error of displacement and tilt angle less than 0.3 mm and 1.5 mrad, respectively. The latter error could be reduced with improved probes by reducing the inductance of the axial B-dot probe, but the improvement reached a limit due to some unknown systemic mechanism.
Modification of a Teng-Man technique to measure both r33 and r13 electro-optic coefficients
Authors: Prorok Stefan , Petrov Alexander , Eich Manfred , Luo Jingdong , Jen Alex K.-Y.
Published: September 2014

In this paper, we present a modified Teng-Man method to measure both electro-optic coefficients in a single measurement. Using our method, we confirm a linear dependence between the applied poling field and the measured electro-optic coefficients. The ratio between the two electro-optic coefficients is close to three, which is theoretically expected from a weakly oriented polymer film. Since conductive silicon is used as substrate, no auxiliary layers of transparent oxide or metal are required on the substrate, which simplifies both the sample preparation and the evaluation of the results.
Modeling of particle interactions in magnetorheological elastomers
Authors: Biller A. M. , Stolbov O. V. , Raikher Yu. L.
Published: September 2014

The interaction between two particles made of an isotropic linearly polarizable magnetic material and embedded in an elastomer matrix is studied. In this case, when an external field is imposed, the magnetic attraction of the particles, contrary to point dipoles, is almost wraparound. The exact solution of the magnetic problem in the linear polarization case, although existing, is not practical; to circumvent its use, an interpolation formula is proposed. One more interpolation expression is developed for the resistance of the elastic matrix to the field-induced particle displacements. Minimization of the total energy of the pair reveals its configurational bistability in a certain field range. One of the possible equilibrium states corresponds to the particles dwelling at a distance, the other—to their collapse in a tight dimer. This mesoscopic bistability causes magnetomechanical hysteresis which has important implications for the macroscopic behavior of magnetorheological elastomers.
Standing spin-wave mode structure and linewidth in partially disordered hexagonal arrays of perpendicularly magnetized sub-micron Permalloy discs
Authors: Ross N. , Kostylev M. , Stamps R. L.
Published: September 2014

Standing spin wave mode frequencies and linewidths in partially disordered perpendicular magnetized arrays of sub-micron Permalloy discs are measured using broadband ferromagnetic resonance and compared to analytical results from a single, isolated disc. The measured mode structure qualitatively reproduces the structure expected from the theory. Fitted demagnetizing parameters decrease with increasing array disorder. The frequency difference between the first and second radial modes is found to be higher in the measured array systems than predicted by theory for an isolated disc. The relative frequencies between successive spin wave modes are unaffected by reduction of the long-range ordering of discs in the array. An increase in standing spin wave resonance linewidth at low applied magnetic fields is observed and grows more severe with increased array disorder.
Gallium surface diffusion on GaAs (001) surfaces measured by crystallization dynamics of Ga droplets
Authors: Bietti Sergio , Somaschini Claudio , Esposito Luca , Fedorov Alexey , Sanguinetti Stefano
Published: September 2014

We present accurate measurements of Ga cation surface diffusion on GaAs surfaces. The measurement method relies on atomic force microscopy measurement of the morphology of nano–disks that evolve, under group V supply, from nanoscale group III droplets, earlier deposited on the substrate surface. The dependence of the radius of such nano-droplets on crystallization conditions gives direct access to Ga diffusion length. We found an activation energy for Ga on GaAs(001) diffusion EA=1.31±0.15 eV, a diffusivity prefactor of D0 = 0.53(×2.1±1) cm2 s−1 that we compare with the values present in literature. The obtained results permit to better understand the fundamental physics governing the motion of group III ad–atoms on III–V crystal surfaces and the fabrication of designable nanostructures.