bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Η κτητορική επιγραφή της Παναγίας «Αγρελωπούσαινας» στη Χίο
Authors: ΒΑΣΣΗ Όλγα
Published: October 2015

H συμπλήρωση και η νέα μεταγραφή της κτητορικής επιγραφής ενός ναού στην ύπαιθρο της Χίου, της Παναγίας Αγρελωπούσαινας στην Καλαμωτή, οδηγεί στο συμπέρασμα ότι κτήτορες της εκκλησίας ήταν το ζεύγος του κληρικού Νικολάου Παντευγένου και της συζύγου του Ειρήνης Μεντόνι καθώς και ότι ο ναός ιδρύθηκε και τοιχογραφήθηκε στους χρόνους της βασιλείας του Ανδρονίκου Β΄ Παλαιολόγου και της συζύγου του Ειρήνης (Γιολάντας της Μομφερρατικής), στο διάστημα 1295 -1317.
The Gallipoli (Kallipolis) Castle in the Byzantine Period
Authors: TURKER Ayşe C.
Published: October 2015

Τα Στενά των Δαρδανελίων εκτείνονται με κατεύθυνση από βορειοανατολικά προς νοτιοδυτικά μεταξύ της χερσονήσου της Καλλίπολης και της χερσονήσου της Biga (Πηγής). Πρόκειται για έναν θαλάσσιο δρόμο που συνδέει τη Μαύρη Θάλασσα και τη Θάλασσα του Μαρμαρά με το Αιγαίο Πέλαγος και τη Μεσόγειο. Η Καλλίπολη αναπτύχθηκε σε ένα ακρωτήριο ανάμεσα σε απότομους γκρεμούς, μεταξύ του κόλπου της Καλλίπολης και του Hamzakoy, κτισμένη στο βόρειο στόμιο του στενού ανοίγματος προς τη Θάλασσα του Μαρμαρά. Σήμερα τα ίχνη του Κάστρου της Καλλίπολης διακρίνονται πάνω στο λόφο, φτάνοντας σε ένα ύψος 20-25 μέτρων από το εσωτερικό λιμάνι της πόλης, το οποίο προστατεύεται από τους ισχυρούς βορείους ανέμους που σαρώνουν την πόλη. Η παρούσα μελέτη δείχνει ότι το Κάστρο της Καλλίπολης είναι ορθογώνιας κάτοψης. Αυτή η κάτοψη ανάγεται σε οικοδομικά πρότυπα από την πρώιμη έως την ύστερη βυζαντινή και την οθωμανική περίοδο.
Μεταβυζαντινά ξυλόγλυπτα στο Άγιον Όρος (1600-1750)
Authors: ΛΙΑΚΟΣ Δημήτριος Α.
Published: October 2015

Στη μελέτη αυτή επιχειρείται η επισκόπηση της παραγωγής των έργων ξυλογλυπτικής της περιόδου 1600-1750 στο Άγιον Όρος. Αφετηρία αυτής της παραγωγής αποτελεί το τέμπλο του Πρωτάτου, έργο του μοναχού Νεοφύτου (1611) και κατάληξή της τα προδρομικά μπαρόκ έργα, όπως το τέμπλο του καθολικού της Μονής Σταυρονικήτα (1743) ή τμήματα του τέμπλου από το κελί του Καλαθά στις Καρυές (1760).
L'arbre de Jessé avec la Vierge et ses parents: création et contenu dogmatique d' une icône d' Emmanuel Tzanès à l' Institut hellénique de Venise
Authors: LEONTAKIANAKOU Irini
Published: October 2015

Το άρθρο αναλύει τη σύνθεση και το θεολογικό περιεχόμενο της εικόνας του Ελληνικού Ινστιτούτου της Βενετίας, που απεικονίζει τη Ρίζα του Ιεσσαί με την Παναγία και τους γονείς της, φέρει την υπογραφή του Εμμανουήλ Τζάνε και τη χρονολογία 1644. Στην παράσταση, όπου εξαίρεται ο ρόλος της Παναγίας στην Ενσάρκωση, συνενώνονται δύο εικονογραφικά θέματα: η Ρίζα του Ιεσσαί (σε συνοπτική μορφή) και η Κολακεία της Παναγίας (σύμφωνα με εικονογραφικό σχήμα μεταβυζαντινής εικόνας της Καστοριάς).
Ο θεομητορικός κύκλος στον ναό της Αγίας Ματρώνας στην Κίμωλο
Authors: ΞΑΝΘΑΚΗ Θέτις
Published: October 2015

Εννέα εικονίδια στο τέμπλο του ναού της Αγίας Ματρώνας στη Χώρα Κιμώλου, με σκηνές από τον θεομητορικό κύκλο, απαρτίζουν τμήμα σύνθετης εικόνας, στην οποία προσγράφεται και το εικονίδιο στον κοντινό ναό των Ταξιαρχών (ΔΧΑΕ ΚΗ΄(2007). Τα δώδεκα σωζόμενα σήμερα επεισόδια συναπαρτίζουν μεγάλο τμήμα πλαισίου εντυπωσιακής σύνθετης εικόνας του τέλους του 15ου αιώνα, με την Παναγία Βρεφοκρατούσα στο κέντρο, η οποία πιθανότατα αποτελεί το πρότυπο των εικονογραφικά συγγενών, επίσης σύνθετων, εικόνων στο Βυζαντινό και Χριστιανικό Μουσείο Αθηνών και στο Μουσείο Ζακύνθου.
Enabling Urban Logistics Services at La Poste through Multi-Echelon Location-Routing
Authors: Winkenbach Matthias , Kleindorfer Paul R. , Spinler Stefan
Published: October 2015

We present a large-scale static and deterministic mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model solving a two-echelon capacitated location-routing problem (2E-CLRP) with modal choice in the context of urban logistics services (ULS). This model aims to support the development of profitable ULS by guiding the strategic decision making of postal operators as they design an optimal facility network and vehicle fleet for the centralized consolidation and transportation of inbound and outbound urban freight flows. After comprehensively analyzing operating data from La Poste, we identify the key determinants of an optimal infrastructure and fleet design for the centralized coordination and consolidation of urban freight flows under a global service time constraint. Further, we discuss the optimal design’s sensitivity to changes in the input data and parameters of the 2E-CLRP model. The main theoretical contributions of this work are an optimal routing cost estimation formula and an optimization heuristic. Together these allow us to solve the large-scale MILP problem presented here within a reasonable time and with little loss of precision.
QIPP and ulcerative colitis: Optimising the management of patients in primary care
Authors: Farmer David
Published: October 2015

Ulcerative colitis is a long-term remitting and relapsing condition which can seriously impair patients' health and quality of life, limiting social and employment opportunities. For a QIPP pilot project supported by Dr Falk Pharma UK and independently designed and managed by Medicines Management Solutions (MMS), 363 patients with ulcerative colitis from 11 GP practices in Leicestershire were reviewed. A change in medication was recommended for 130 patients and actioned in 87. Six months after the change in medication, routine hospital visits had fallen by 47%, hospital visits for flare-ups by 60%, GP visits for flare-ups by 44%, and there was a 50% reduction in steroid courses prescribed. A cost saving was conservatively estimated at £30 000. The results of this pilot were presented to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and accepted as a QIPP case study.
Encouraging change: exploring perceptions of stoma care nurses on community stoma care services
Authors: O'Flynn Sinéad Kelly
Published: October 2015

The effects of stoma formation on quality of life and the pivotal role of the stoma care nurse (SCN) in assisting patients to adapt to life with a stoma is documented in numerous studies. However, it has also been highlighted that a structured approach to stoma care provision is often lacking. The author of this article, a community SCN, carried out a study to enable a better understanding as to why not all stoma care hospital departments use community stoma care services in the Republic of Ireland.
Games which enable Monster steps in reading
Authors: McKeown Sal
Published: October 2015

Sal McKeown was keen to check out the effectiveness of Teach Your Monster to Read 3, and discovered how its intuitiveness encourages independent learning.
Beleaguered by emails?
Authors: David Anthony
Published: October 2015

Teaching is undoubtedly a job for workaholics and it is difficult to identify unnecessary demands. But re-thinking emails could be one strategy, suggests Anthony David.
Obsessive, overflowing richness: An interview with Tim McDonagh
Authors: Holme Adrian
Published: October 2015

Illustrator Tim McDonagh is inspired by natural forms. While he is not a ‘technical illustrator’ his illustrations of natural subjects have a concern with accuracy as well as an obsessive attention to detail. He is perhaps best known for his work for the science journal New Scientist including a number of cover designs. In April 2015 Tim McDonagh spoke with Adrian Holme about his interests, his influences and his approach to image-making. The interview provides an interesting insight into one illustrator’s process of making images in a scientific editorial context. Although this editorial context differs somewhat from the more technical scientific illustration, similar issues of ‘objectivity’, veracity and the extent of imaginative interpretation still arise.
Knowledge by design: Celedonio de Arce’s nature prints, between evidence and representation
Authors: Luxenberg Alisa
Published: October 2015

This article examines the unusual project announced in 1777 by the Spanish sculptor Celedonio Nicolás de Arce y Cacho (1739−1795) to ‘print from nature all kinds of botanical leaves without the use of plates’. The process created a special ink, impressed it onto the leaf, then pressed the inked plant on paper to leave a graphic tracing of its contours, stem and veins. Originally supported by the Spanish crown to perfect his process for use on a royal botanical expedition, Arce abandoned the project several years later. The ambiguities within Arce’s nature printing seem to have hindered its adoption and contributed to its neglect. For example, a specimen only made one or, at best, a few legible impressions, then had to be thrown out, so that here ‘printing’ does not mean multiplicity. At the same time, such nature prints were also called ‘drawing’, yet no manual draftsmanship was involved. Drawing was a critical concern, as it was considered the best way to convey knowledge of the natural world through close observation of the model. The planar formal elements and the conflicting conceptions of nature printing as index and autogenesis rehearse those that reappeared with paper photography, especially cameraless images. Early photographs were frequently affiliated with drawing and described as ‘nature drawing herself’. Ultimately, neither early paper photography nor nature printing were able to supply the kind of botanical illustration demanded by the dominant Linnaean system of knowledge.
The twentieth-century Livre d’Artiste: The greatest challenge to the text–image hierarchy of French book illustration?
Authors: Pullen Celia
Published: October 2015

This article explores the challenge presented by the twentieth-century French Livre d’Artiste to the text–image hierarchy of French book illustration. The notion that text took precedence over image was rooted in the idea that illustrations served as a means to adorn prose, aiming to literally represent the text without adding anything of substance to the writer’s work. It was not until the turn of the century, with the introduction of a new concept of the French illustrated book called the Livre d’Artiste, that this traditional hierarchy of text and image was threatened. The Livre d’Artiste brought together the prose of celebrated texts complemented by original pictorial work of well-known artists. Despite the relatively limited field of scholarship surrounding the Livre d’Artiste, this article argues that the genre can claim to represent the greatest challenge to the text–image hierarchy of French book illustration at the turn of the century. It is divided into three sections: examples of illustrators and writers who upheld the hierarchy; works and artists that challenged the balance; and finally the emergence of the Livre d’Artiste, presenting instances in which the genre reversed the hierarchy. This article includes analysis of works by Henry James, Gustave Doré, Honoré de Balzac, J. J. Grandville, Stéphane Mallarmé, Edouard Manet, Pablo Picasso, Max Jacob, Blaise Cendrars and Fernand Léger.
Extended Aeration Activated Sludge Reactor (EAASR) for Removal of Nitrobenzene: Air Stripped or Biologically Removed?
Authors: Keskinkan Olcayto , Çakır Alev , Erkuş Ayşe , Yılmaz Turan , Ersu Çağatayhan Bekir
Published: October 2015

In this study, the performance of an extended aeration activated sludge reactor (EAASR) was investigated for the removal of nitrobenzene (NB), a commonly used organic chemical in various industries. In a set of experiments, increasing NB concentrations between 1 and 800 mg/L were applied to the EAASR. Synthetic wastewater containing NB was successfully treated up to 92.0 and 100.0% in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NB removal. The major NB removal mechanism in this EAASR was assessed to be air stripping after kinetic evaluation as compared to somewhat limited bacterial degradation of NB. Although NB is known to be toxic, the removal efficiency of NB was never below 97.4% even at high NB concentrations. Under lower NB concentrations, it was found that the bacterial floc formation was intact with existing Ciliata and Rotifera. However, at higher NB concentrations, free swimming Ciliata and Rotifera specimens disappeared while the flocs became smaller and dispersed.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(μ2-4,4′-bipyridine-κ2N:N′)-tetraqua-cobalt(II)] – (3-(carboxylatomethyl)benzoic acid) – water (1/2/2), C28H34CoN2O14
Authors: Du Zhong-Xiang , Li Jun-Xia
Published: October 2015

C28H34CoN2O14, monoclinic,P21/c(no. 14),a= 11.4605(7) Å,b= 11.9048(7) Å,c= 11.1383(7) Å,β= 95.313(1)°,V= 1513.1 Å3,Z= 2,Rgt(F)= 0.0264,wRref(F2)= 0.0803,T= 296 K.
Crystal structure of poly[[[(1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone-κ1O11) zinc(II)]-μ-1,4-benzenedi-carboxylato-κ4O1,O2:O3,O4]—1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (1:1)], [Zn(C5H10N2O)(C8H4O4)]· C5H10N2O, C18H24N4O6Zn
Authors: Xie Peng , Song Jia-Long , Qiao Qian
Published: October 2015

C18H24N4O6Zn, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.0036(4) Å, b = 10.9241(4) Å, c = 17.2553(6) Å, β = 105.829(1)°, V = 1995.5 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0258, wRref(F2) = 0.0723, T = 100 K.
MARRIAGE RIGHTS OF AFGHAN WOMEN IN TRADITIONAL PRACTICES AND LEGISLATION PROTECTION
Authors: Mas’ad Muhammad Aunurrochim , Tagoranao Mariam Saidona , Muradi Hekmatullah , Murad Faiz
Published: October 2015

Marriage Rights of Afghan Women in Traditional Practices and Legal Protection. This paper aims to reviewthe role of law for equal protection of women inAfghanistan and offers recommendations so that their marriage rights areprotected by civil law. Although the civil law of Afghanistanmentions guarantees and protections of marriage rights of women, however, they are still at risk of being subjected to harmfultreatment, customs, or traditions which are practiced in Afghanistan. Therefore, this paper is important in finding a solution to theproblems of women in Afghanistan until they obtain duly protectedrights by law.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v14i2.1278
KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH TENTANG LEMBAGA KEUANGAN SYARIAH ERA REFORMASI
Authors: Itang Itang
Published: October 2015

Government  Policy  on  Islamic  Financial  Institutions  Reform  Era. Government  policies  on  Islamic financial institutions in the New Order were backgrounded in political accommodation, namely the accommodation of the Islamic academic elite within the state structure. This was used by the Islamic academic elite to broach ideas and opinions to conceive one of ideas as Islamic banking. Factors driving the process of policy formation of Islamic financial institutions was the support of policy makers, community banking, socio-cultural and juridical. Now, it so happens, that the inhibiting factors were that the policy makers were un-aspirational, public confidence in the conventional banks was still high and the lack of human resources and socialization. In the Reform era, many laws were conceived to support the development of Islamic financial institutions.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v14i2.1280
FIKIH GOLONGAN INGKAR HADIS
Authors: Langaji Abbas
Published: October 2015

The  Fiqh  of  Reject  Hadis  Group. Since  the  classic  time  up  to  nowdays,  the  Islamic fiqh form  always uses Qur’an and Hadis as normative sources. The appearance of community who denied the authority of Prophet Muhammad Saw. through his Hadis in deciding a law creates a new form in “fiqh” which is ephistemologically implies not only to the exixtance of a different Islam but also and odd Islamic fiqh. It is believed that the separation of Hadis and Qur’an in deciding a law will cause confusion and ambivalence attitude for the believers.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v14i2.1282
KEDUDUKAN DAN JUMLAH MAHAR DI NEGARA MUSLIM
Authors: Barkah Qodariah
Published: October 2015

The Position and Number of Dowries in Muslim Countries. The dowry has a significant role in a marriage. The obligation of the husband to provide a dowry for wife has led to various interpretations by mufassirand jurists. The Qur’an uses the term dowry gift accompanied with the words ma’rûf. Currently, various Muslim countries that have undertaken family law reform have included a dowry as one of the objects of the problem that must be given rules in detail, so that if in future there is a problem in the household and has been linked with the dowry then the matter can be settled by a judge.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v14i2.1286
Consumo autoreportado de sustancias psicoactivas ilegales en una población habitante de calle de Cali-Colombia
Authors: Hernández-Carrillo Mauricio , Álvarez-Claros Katherine E. , Osorio-Sabogal Iván Alberto
Published: October 2015

Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia autoreportada de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas ilegales en una población habitante de calle de la ciudad de Cali.

Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de prevalencia de periodo. La población objetivo fueron 763 habitantes de calle registrados durante el año 2010 en la base de datos proporcionada por un hogar de paso de la ciudad de Cali. El análisis estadístico se realizó en R versión 3.2.0. Investigación sin riesgo según la resolución 8430 de 1993.

Resultados El 76,9 % de los habitantes de calle reconoce que consume algún tipo de sustancia psicoactiva ilegal (SPAI). Las sustancias que presentaron mayor prevalencia de consumo en esta población fueron: la marihuana (51,2 %), el bazuco (44,6 %) y la cocaína (11,3 %). Se encontró que 28,6 % de los habitantes de calle consumen SPAI más de tres veces por día y que la principal vía de administración es fumada (54,7 %). La mitad de los entrevistados manifestó haber estado internado alguna vez en un centro de rehabilitación.

Discusión Las cifras del presente estudio muestran que el consumo de SPAI afecta de manera significativa la población habitante de calle, siendo la marihuana y el bazuco las de mayor uso, situación compleja si se tiene en cuenta su fácil acceso y los graves efectos degenerativos que causan en la salud física y mental de quienes las consumen. Por esto es necesario apoyar iniciativas encaminadas a intervenir este fenómeno social. 
Ambientes escolares saludables
Authors: Quintero Corzo Josefina , Munévar Molina Raúl Ancízar , Munévar Quintero Fabio Ignacio
Published: October 2015

Objetivo Determinar las características de los ambientes escolares y su relación con el aprendizaje, el bienestar y la salud de los estudiantes.

Método Enfoque de ecología del aula, sustentado en el paradigma cualitativo comprensivo de estudio de casos, desarrollado en seis escuelas públicas de estrato uno y dos. La información se recolectó mediante instrumentos y técnicas etnográficos tales como diarios de campo, filmaciones, registros observacionales y entrevistas. Análisis categorial en ciclos abiertos generales y focalizados.

Resultados El enfoque ecología del aula permitió entender la relación entre los ambientes escolares, la salud y el bienestar en los procesos pedagógicos. Es preocupante el riesgo al que están expuestos los estudiantes por la contaminación y el hacinamiento que caracterizan las aulas presenciales, mientras que en las salas de computadores, el ambiente es más saludable. Existe interés y toma de conciencia por parte de las instituciones educativas en cuanto a la necesidad de incorporar estas temáticas en las reformas curriculares y en generar planes de acción que orienten la vida saludable del escolar y sus familias. Las escuelas realizan estrategias curriculares como talleres, charlas y conferencias de especialistas, tesis de grado, prácticas universitarias y el acceso controlado a internet. Se encontraron ideas y proyectos innovadores pero adolecen de presupuestos.

Conclusión La comunidad educativa entiende que el concepto de salud forma parte integral del concepto de educación. Así mismo, la ecología del aula ofrece implicaciones determinantes para aprender y convivir en ambientes agradables, saludables incorporados a los proyectos educativos instituciones. 
Síndromes de filiación cultural atendidos por médicos tradicionales
Authors: Flores Adrián Urióstegui
Published: October 2015

Objetivo En el presente trabajo se parte de los conceptos teóricos de la epidemiología sociocultural para estudiar los síndromes de filiación cultural que son atendidos por médicos tradicionales en la ciudad de Taxco, Guerrero, México.

Metodología El estudio fue básicamente cualitativo. Se diseñó un cuestionario de entrevista. Se localizó a seis médicos tradicionales reconocidos que radicaban en la misma población. El cuestionario se aplicó a dichos habitantes, e incluyó preguntas abiertas sobre las características de estos sanadores, la causalidad de los principales síndromes de filiación cultural, los tratamientos, las medidas preventivas que se emplean para evitar o atenuar su impacto, las consecuencias que pueden suceder si dichos desequilibrios no son atendidos oportunamente y, la frecuencia de la atención.

Resultados Los principales hallazgos demuestran cómo la epidemiología sociocultural proporciona un camino alternativo para analizar dichos malestares, los cuales continúan siendo atendidos por médicos ancestrales que radican en la comunidad. Entre este tipo de  afecciones destacó básicamente el mal de ojo, empacho, aire, caída de mollera, susto, envidia, embrujo, sangre con toxinas, etika, algodoncillo, púrpura, niños enlechados y aquiztle. También se dan a conocer los tratamientos, medidas preventivas y consecuencias que pueden acontecer si dichos padecimientos no son atendidos con antelación

Conclusiones Los síndromes de filiación cultural registrados tienen tratamientos, medidas preventivas, y variadas consecuencias si se descuida su curación, lo que forma parte importante de la estructura e ideología médica que se presenta en dicha ciudad turística, ubicada en la Región Norte del Estado de Guerrero, México.
Cumplimiento de la capacidad tecnológica-científica en los servicios de Fisioterapia de Bucaramanga y Floridablanca
Authors: Pinzón Ochoa María Isabel , Fonseca Adriana Angarita , Niño Pinzón Diana Marcela
Published: October 2015

Objetivo Determinar el cumplimiento de la condición de capacidad tecnológica y científica de una muestra de servicios de terapia física y respiratoria del área urbana de Floridablanca y Bucaramanga.

Metodología Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, con un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. La muestra la conforman cuatro instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud del municipio de Floridablanca y tres instituciones del área urbana de Bucaramanga, a las que durante el año 2011 se les aplicaron dos encuestas para verificar el cumplimiento de los estándares de habilitación y conocer las razones por las cuales incumplen con alguno de los requisitos.

Resultados En Floridablanca, tres instituciones corresponden al primer nivel de atención y una al segundo nivel de atención; los estándares con menor cumplimiento son: Seguimiento a riesgos con una mediana del puntaje de cumplimiento de 0 (Rango: 0-12); Historia Clínica asistencial con una mediana de 9,5 (Rango: 0-100) y el estándar de procesos prioritarios con una mediana de 18 (Rango: 9-27). En Bucaramanga, dos correspondían al segundo nivel de atención y una a un tercer nivel de atención. Los estándares de menor cumplimiento fueron: Medicamentos y dispositivos con 0 para una institución, Procesos prioritarios con una mediana de 60 (Rango: 0-89) e instalaciones físicas con una mediana de 73 (Rango: 64-84).

Conclusiones Los resultados muestran un incumplimiento de los requisitos esenciales de habilitación, pese a que éstos son exigidos por los entes territoriales departamentales, distritales y municipales de salud. 
Estrés académico, deserción y estrategias de retención de estudiantes en la educación superior
Authors: Suárez-Montes Nancy , Díaz-Subieta Luz B.
Published: October 2015

Se realizó una revisión sistemática para precisar las características del estrés académico que incide en la salud mental de la población universitaria. Para ello, se examinaron publicaciones recientes sobre estrés académico, deserción estudiantil y estrategias de retención. A lo largo de este texto, se presentan los resultados de la revisión en términos de las definiciones de estrés académico, deserción estudiantil y estrategias de retención. Así mismo, se examinan los modelos interpretativos de la deserción estudiantil y se  hace una aproximación a las estrategias de retención en la educación superior. Se reseñan  experiencias de retención de algunos países del exterior. Con respecto a Colombia se presentan los aspectos relacionados con la deserción estudiantil y los programas de retención, desde el punto de vista del Ministerio de Educación Nacional y desde la experiencia de algunas universidades con programas consolidados. 
Irregularidad de grafos: Discusión, extensiones de grafos y nuevas propuestas
Authors: Boaventura-Netto Paulo Oswaldo
Published: October 2015

This paper presents some measures of graph irregularity found in the literature. From their discussion two important points appear: first, the absence of relationship between all of them, but a single exception, with the structures of the corresponding graphs and, moreover, their known extremal values correspond to graphs having degree sequences with few different values. Two new measures are proposed, seeking to meet these points. Their values are calculated for extremal graphs associated with other measures and for antiregular graphs. Finally, we calculate the boxplots of all these measures for some sets of graphs taken from the literature and also for four sets where the ordered degree sequences are constant. All measures involved have polynomial complexity.
SC-System of convergence theory and foundations
Authors: De-Los-Cobos-Silva Sergio G.
Published: October 2015

In this paper a novel system of convergence (SC) is presented as well as its fundamentals and computing experience. An implementation using a novel mono-objetive particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with three phases (PSO-3P): stabilization, generation with broad-ranging exploration and generation with in-depth exploration, is presented and tested in a diverse benchmark problems. Evidence shows that the three-phase PSO algoritm along with the SC criterion (SC-PSO-3P)can converge to the global optimum in several difficult test functions for multiobjective optimization problems, constrained optimization problems and unconstrained optimization problems with 2 until 120,000 variables.
A new record for Brachycephalus nodoterga (Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Abegg Arthur Diesel , Ortiz Flora Roncolatto , Rocha Bruno , Condez Thais Helena
Published: October 2015

The species Brachycephalus nodoterga, clas­sified as Data Deficient by the IUCN, is recorded from a fifth known locality. Four specimens were collected north of Osasco, in the mountain range of the São Roque group, São Paulo, Brazil. A map was generated with the occurrence points of the species throughout its geographical distribution.
La peculiarità del linguaggio giornalistico sportivo in base all’analisi degli articoli della Gazzetta dello Sport.
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Murrmann Julia , Surmaj Patrycja ,   Uniwersytet Warszawski
Published: October 2015

THE PECULIARITY OF THE LANGUAGE OF SPORTS BASED ON AN ANALYSIS OF ARTICLES FROM LA GAZETTA DELLO SPORT this paper focuses on the language of sports in the press, and its objectives are to analyse the specific linguistic features of the language of sports, to describe their function and to assert their possible impact on sports fans. By means of content analysis, a corpus of articles from a popular Italian sports newspaper, La Gazzetta dello Sport, was investigated in order to examine the stylistic properties typical of the language of sports. Indeed, all of the features described in this article’s review of literature on the language of sports were richly present in the corpus under scrutiny. their role consists in forming opinions, creating attitudes and arousing emotional reactions among readers.
Edizione straordinaria! Read all about it! - Appunti sulla lingua delle pubblicità in alcuni numeri della Gazzetta del Massachusetts.
Authors:   University of Toronto, Vani Christina
Published: October 2015

EDIZIONE STRAORDINARIA! READ ALL ABOUT IT! – NOTES ON THE LANGUAGE OF ADVERTISEMENTS IN THE FIRST EDITIONS OF THE GAZZETTA DEL MASSACHUSETTS In this article, I base my research on Franco Pierno’s 2012 article on “la lingua raminga,” which studies the Italian subcode used in the first ethnic journalistic publications in North America. First, I present some history of advertising in Italy, focusing, then, on how that translated in the ItaloAmerican setting in Massachusetts. In the bulk of the paper, I analyse the advertisements published in the first issues of the Gazzetta del Massachusetts (GdM; from 1903 and 1904), exploring in detail the employment of loanwords, both whole and adapted, over the course of the GdM’s early publications. I break my discussion down into the following sections of linguistic study: spelling and phonetics; morphology; vocabulary; and syntax. I conclude with some final thoughts on whether the increase in loanwords coincides not just with the greater size of the Italian community in Boston, but also the deeper linguistic assimilation of the predominant anglophone culture.
Experiencia de caries en dentición primaria en niños de 5 años, Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Ramírez-Puerta Blanca S. , Franco-Cortés Angela M. , Ochoa-Acosta Emilia , Escobar-Paucar Gloria
Published: October 2015

Objetivo: estimar la experiencia de caries dental en niños de 5 años de edad de Medellín, Colombia. Metodología: los datos se obtuvieron en una muestra probabilística de 486 niños, examinados para el diagnóstico de experiencia de caries en dentina y de lesiones limitadas al esmalte dental. Se calcularon los índices de experiencia de caries ceo-d clásico y ceo-d modificado (ceod-m). Se realizaron pruebas Chi-Cuadrado y t student. Resultados: el 54,7% de los niños de estratos bajos y el 26 % de los estratos medio y altos tenían experiencia de caries en dentina; los porcentajes aumentan a 88,6% y 50,7% respectivamente, cuando se incluyen lesiones limitadas al esmalte dental. Los promedios de los índices ceod clásico (ceod-c) y ceod modificado (ceod-m) fueron fue 1,9±2,9, 4,9±4,6 respectivamente. En los niños de estratos bajos el ceod clásico fue 2,2±3,1 y en los de estratos altos fue 0,6±1,2; mientras que los valores del ceod-m fueron 5,4±4,7 y 1,9±2,8 respectivamente. Conclusión: los niños de estrato socioeconómico bajo de Medellín, a la edad de cinco años tienen altos niveles de caries dental, resultado que indica la necesidad de implementar programas preventivos y de atención en salud bucal desde edades tempranas.
La enseñanza de la educación para la salud: ¿una confrontación a la teoría y la práctica de la salud pública como disciplina?
Authors: Peñaranda C. Fernando , Giraldo G. Libardo , Barrera P. Luz Helena
Published: October 2015

Objetivo: comprender la enseñanza de la educación para la salud (EpS) en la Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública (FNSP) de la Universidad de Antioquia. Metodología: entrevistas grupales e individuales a profesores, estudiantes y egresados, así como con la revisión de los planes de estudio de los programas académicos de la Facultad. Resultados: es predominante la enseñanza de la EpS como herramienta o estrategia, concebida desde una perspectiva biomédica y fundada en un modelo pedagógico tradicional/coactivo; además, que la enseñanza de la EpS en la FNSP no tiene la relevancia que se esperaría, lo que aparentemente supone una contradicción. Discusión: La reflexión teórica realizada propone una salida diferente: esta situación, lejos de ser una contradicción, corresponde a una consecuencia lógica para una perspectiva de salud pública imperante en la FNSP. El papel que cumple la educación en la salud pública depende de la corriente en la cual se inscribe. Se presentan otras versiones de salud pública en las cuales la educación tiene un sentido básico y fundante y se plantea desde modelos pedagógicos alternativos. Así, abordar la enseñanza de la EpS y definir el perfil del salubrista no es un asunto neutral ni técnico para incluir ciertos contenidos; corresponde al producto de un debate teórico y político sobre la salud pública que debe orientar los currículos de los programas académicos y, en general, las acciones de la Facultad.
Percepción de Grupos Relacionados de Diagnóstico y cultura innovadora por profesionales de enfermería
Authors: Gorbanev Iouri , Agudelo-Londoño Sandra , Cortes Ariel , Yepes Francisco J.
Published: October 2015

Los profesionales de enfermería desempeñan un importante rol en el Hospital a la hora de implementar innovaciones. Se desconoce su percepción frente a los Grupos Relacionados de Diagnóstico como una innovación. Objetivos: Caracterizar la percepción de los profesionales del departamento de enfermería sobre los Grupos Relacionados de Diagnóstico como una innovación, en un Hospital de alta complejidad en Colombia. Metodología: Estudio de caso. La información se obtuvo de encuesta y grupo focal. Se calcularon estadísticos descriptivos para las percepciones de la innovación; se transcribieron y analizaron los datos del grupo focal. Resultados: La percepción de la cultura innovadora fue positiva y se encontraron diferencias según educación, posición jerárquica y sexo; las demás variables no fueron significativas. Frente a los Grupos Relacionados de Diagnóstico como innovación sólo el 12,5 % de los participantes los conocían, predominando una actitud positiva. El atributo que generó menos entusiasmo y mayor dispersión, fue la complejidad de los GRD. No hubo diferencias en la percepción frente a los cinco atributos por ninguna variable demográfica. Conclusiones: La homogeneidad de la percepción sugiere un ambiente favorable para implementar los Grupos Relacionados de Diagnóstico.
¿Reinfección o reactivación en la tuberculosis pulmonar? Un reto diagnóstico
Authors: Zuluaga G. Mateo
Published: October 2015

La recurrencia de la tuberculosis (TB) se convierte en un reto diagnóstico debido a que en muchos casos el sistema inmune puede estar alterado como es el caso de las inmunodeficiencias. Existe otro escenario en el cual una cepa distinta de la Mycobacterium tuberculosis puede llegar del exterior y causar nuevamente la enfermedad en el paciente, independiente de su estado inmune, siendo el caso más frecuente en pacientes inmunocompetentes. La relación de reinfección con el estado inmunosupresor del paciente tiene en cuenta el comportamiento de prevalencia e incidencia de la enfermedad; en el caso del VIH a mayor prevalencia mayor es la incidencia de la tuberculosis, por lo cual se habla de coexistencia de la infección. El reto actual alerta a tener una mayor sospecha frente a ciertos casos que merezcan estudiarse de manera profunda a través de otras técnicas, buscando si se trata de una reactivación o de una reinfección, teniendo en cuenta el impacto clínico, social y económico que esto genera.
Through dark and mysterious paths. Early modern science and the search for the origin of springs from the 16th to the 18th centuries
Authors: Luzzini Francesco
Published: October 2015

Since its first attempts to understand natural phenomena, early modern science devoted great attention to the problematic issue of the origin of springs. This essay examines the lively debate that emerged from the studies on fresh water during the years spanning from the mid-sixteenth century to the early eighteenth. By focusing on the interpretations advanced by several authors (including lesser known, but nonetheless important figures such as Mario Bettini, Edward Barlow, and Diacinto Cestoni), and by introducing Antonio Vallisneri's Primi itineris specimen, an unpublished manuscript which reveals significant insights into the hydrogeological debate, a new analysis is provided of the heterogeneous factors which influenced the path of natural philosophy towards the comprehension of the water cycle. The conclusion suggests how a reconsideration of the intricate backgrounds underlying many scientific debates and concepts could play a critical role in solving a still controversial issue: science's need for a history of science.
Early attempts by François Péron and Louis Depuch to measure the temperature at various depths in the ocean, and their thoughts about a hot versus a cold interior of the earth
Authors: Mayer Wolf
Published: October 2015

During the course of a voyage of discovery to Australia the zoologist François Péron, aided in its early stages by the geologist Louis Depuch, took regular measurements of air and water temperatures at the surface of the sea and, on four occasions, at various depths in the equatorial parts of the Atlantic Ocean. The data they collected made a useful contribution to a better understanding of the oceanic environment. A comparison of their findings with results obtained on the voyages of Captain Phipps to northern latitudes and by scientists on Captain Cook’s second voyage in waters of the South Pacific Ocean, enabled Péron to declare that temperatures in the world’s oceans, at all latitudes, decreased with depth. Considering the implication of this trend to ideas on the temperature in the interior of the Earth, Depuch sided with scholars who believed that its centre was hot, while Péron, relying on his own observations and those of other investigators, tended to favour the cold Earth theory, but was hesitant in reaching a firm conclusion.
With a little help from friends: Pierre-Louis-Antoine Cordier (1777–1861): 50 years of experimental work on basalt
Authors: Newcomb Sally
Published: October 2015

Experimentation was more prevalent and more influential in the early days of geology than has generally been recognized. While historical narratives often associate very few names with geoscientific insights or advances, these advances are often the result of general movement within the whole fabric of geology and mineralogy. This applies to the question of basalt origin, which was more complex that it appears superficially. Ancient basalts from extinct volcanoes with no observed centers were often altered on the surface, and differed from more recent flows. The tools of microscopy and the blowpipe were used with increasing advantage by inquirers from Boccone to Cordier. Combining the methods of his predecessors and contemporaries, Cordier was able to demonstrate convincingly that similar rocks were due to similar causes whatever their ages. A more complete history results from looking at the “hero” in the broader spectrum of the resources available to him.
Charles Darwin in the Cape Verde and Galápagos archipelagos: The role of serendipity in development of theories on the ups and downs of oceanic islands
Authors: Johnson Markes E. , Baarli B. Gudveig
Published: October 2015

The 1831–1836 voyage of H.M.S. Beagle under Captain Robert FitzRoy launched Charles Darwin's entry into the world of geology with two pioneering publications on oceanic islands to his credit. Best known is Darwin's 1842 contribution on the theory of atoll development from the subsidence of volcanic islands and coeval upward growth of coral reefs. This work can be linked, in part, to the ten days during which the Beagle visited the Keeling (Cocos) Islands. The subsequent and lesser known of Darwin's parallel contributions is his 1844 summary on all the volcanic islands visited during the expedition, including Santiago (Cape Verde Islands), Terceira (Azores), St. Paul's Rocks, Fernando Noronha, Ascension, St. Helena, the Galápagos Islands, Tahiti, and Mauritius. Ostensibly, the centerpiece of the 1844 volume is Darwin's extensive coverage of Ascension based on the five days spent there in 1836. However, Darwin had many more days at his disposal in the Galápagos and ‘St. Jago’ (Santiago), where the Beagle stopped in the Cape Verde Islands at the outset and again near the end of the voyage. The volcanic islands where Darwin spent the most time were in the Galápagos (thirty-five days) and the Cape Verdes (twenty-nine days). In particular, those island groups make an interesting comparison with respect to the development of Darwin's ideas on tectonic uplift based on basalt flows with inter-bedded limestone formations. Chance played a huge role in what Darwin saw and did not see during his island travels. The initial visit to the Cape Verde islands was instrumental in shaping Darwin's earliest vision of a book on volcanic islands, but his time there was entirely fortuitous due to a forced change in FitzRoy's plan for a stay in the Canary Islands. Although Darwin was on the look out for limestone formations in the Galápagos islands comparable to those on Santiago in the Cape Verdes, he missed finding them due only to the vagaries of FitzRoy's charting schedule in the Galápagos. This overview looks at limestone distribution in the Cape Verde and Galápagos archipelagos as now understood and speculates on how a wider knowledge of both regions may have influenced Darwin's thinking on global patterns of island uplift and subsidence.
Soil science and its interface with the history of geology community
Authors: Landa Edward R. , Brevik Eric C.
Published: October 2015

Despite the historical origins of soil science as a geological science, scholarship in the history of soil science remains an outlier with respect to the presently structured history of geological sciences community. The history-oriented activities of the Soil Science Society of America, the European Geosciences Union, and the International Union of Soil Sciences show active efforts to document and extend knowledge of soil science history. An overview of pedology and its numerous links to geomorphology and other geological specialties is presented. Geologists were involved in early soil mapping, soil degradation studies, creation of soil classification systems, and development of the soil geomorphology subfield, each case demonstrating strong historical ties between geology and soil science. Areas of common interest between soil science and geology offer new opportunities for integration and cooperation in Earth science history going forward.
Reconstructions of a historic paleontological collection: Diversity re-created
Authors: Nadim Tahani , Mohr Barbara A. R. , Löwe Sarah A.
Published: October 2015

As part of a physical and historical reconstruction of a fossil collection, we demonstrate how elucidating biographic aspects of the collector and describing the activities of the institution can expand our understanding of collections as natural, social and historical assemblages. We then show how this understanding can be applied to contemporary concerns by using it in conjunction with modern collections to reconstruct species richness in deep time and to reflect on the term ‘biodiversity’. This multi-disciplinary engagement between natural and social sciences at natural history museums could endow historic collections with novel relevance and thereby provide convincing arguments against their dispersal or deaccession.

In this particular case a historic plant collection, the Ewald collection, which is now part of the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Germany, was restored and studied. Originally it was collected during the 1850s when the Prussian government undertook extensive surveying projects and a large part of its territory was geologically mapped. During the surveys, field geologists collected rocks and fossils in order to build a reliable stratigraphy based on the fossil record, partly to assist in the discovery of natural resources for emerging industry.
Compare of Physical Structure and Content of Counselling between Consultation Services and Psychotherapy Government Agencies and the Private Sector in Kurdistan Province
Authors: Rahmani Sharmin , Goodarzi Mahmoud
Published: October 2015

The purpose of this study was compare the physical structure and content of counselling between consultation services and psychotherapy government agencies and the private sector in Kurdistan province. The research is descriptive and comparative. The study population included all psychotherapy and counseling centers in Kurdistan. therefor among the population of through available sampling a total of 16 centers selected and data were collected using a questionnaire quality services of Jafari with the reliability of 0.83 and a correlation coefficient of (Cronbach's alpha = 0.76). The results of analysis of independent T test showed that, between the physical structure consultation and psychotherapy government agencies and the private sector in Kurdistan province there is a significant difference but content of counselling and psychotherapy government agencies and the private sector in Kurdistan province there is no significant difference. This means that quality of physical structure was higher in private sector however in terms of content there is no difference between two centers.
Compared the Fight-or-Flight System Dependent People, Glass, Opium and Ordinary on the Basis of Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory
Authors: Majidi Rezgar , Yarahmadi Yahya
Published: October 2015

This study aimed to compared the Fight – or - flight system dependent people, glass, opium and ordinary on the basis of revised reinforcement sensitivity theory. The present study method, of terms of purpose, function and of terms of manner of implementation, causal-comparative, of type then event. The study population included all drug addicts referred to the Medical Center Hospital of Sanandaj qods who first referred to the center (New Case) and have not received any medical treatment. Among the population of through available sampling a total of 90 people were selected and questionnaire Gary- Wilson personality questionnaire (GWPQ( 1993, was carried out on them. To analyze the data variance and Tukey test was used. The results showed that between the Fight – or - flight system dependent people, glass, opium and ordinary there is a significant difference. The results of analysis of variance showed that the level of significance (0.011) is less than %5, as a result of the confidence level %95, there difference, Between Fight – or - flight system level members dependents the opium, glass and ordinary people on the basis of revised reinforcement sensitivity theory.