bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electronic word-of-mouth marketing on Amazon: Exploring how and to what extent Amazon reviews affect sales
Authors: D'Arbelles Kristine , Berry Pauline , Theyyil Ashika
Published: March 2021

Consumers today base many of their decisions on peer referrals and online reviews. With the omnipresence of social media and online reviews, electronic word-of-mouth marketing (eWOM) has become a priority for many companies for both business growth and reputational management. The objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of eWOM and its impact on sales. This study also seeks to help organizational leaders understand the significance of eWOM and its role in effective consumer and stakeholder relations, and in overall brand management. The researchers of this project explored eWOM by examining Amazon reviews from two different Kickstarter companies to determine which elements of online reviews impact product sales. By overlaying Amazon review data and sales figures from each Kickstarter company, researchers were able to determine the review factors that companies should focus on to increase their sales and grow their brands. The results of this study show that products with a high volume of positive reviews made by verified purchasers positively correlate to product sales.

 

Keywords: electronic word-of-mouth marketing, Amazon, online reviews, Kickstarter, sales, reputational management, brand reputation, online reputation management
Panaché des méthodes utilisées dans les médias sociaux
Authors: Plante Sylvie
Published: March 2021

Ce commentaire examine comment le web 3.0 est différent de son prédécesseur, puisqu’il s’agit maintenant d’une interaction individualisée où l’accent est mis sur le créateur et non plus sur la diffusion de masse. Sous un aspect complexe se cache une réalité simple: les médias sociaux puisent à la base même des relations humaines, c’est-à-dire qu’ils appellent à notre besoin de « développer des relations ». Pour maximiser le potentiel des médias sociaux, l’accent doit être mis sur le dialogue et le développement de relations avec les parties prenantes. Faisant référence aux modèles de communications de Grunig et Hunt (1984), cet article présente sous forme de pot-pourri, les bons et les mauvais coups des diverses approches liées aux médias sociaux.
Skeletal Muscle Mass and Fat Mass Relationships With Physical Fitness Test Performance in Law Enforcement Recruits Before Academy
Authors: Lockie Robert G. , Carlock Blake N. , Ruvalcaba Tomas J. , Dulla Joseph M. , Orr Robin M. , Dawes J. Jay , McGuire Megan B.
Published: March 2021

Lockie, RG, Carlock, BN, Ruvalcaba, TJ, Dulla, JM, Orr, RM, Dawes, JJ, and McGuire, MB. Skeletal muscle mass and fat mass relationships with physical fitness test performance in law enforcement recruits before academy. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1287–1295, 2021—The purpose of this study was to analyze relationships between skeletal muscle mass percentage (SMM%) and fat mass percentage (FM%) relative to fitness test performance in law enforcement recruits. Retrospective analysis was conducted on 338 recruits (271 men and 67 women) from 4 academy classes. Skeletal muscle mass percentage and FM% were measured using cost-effective and practical bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) equipment that used hand and foot placement. The fitness tests included grip strength; vertical jump; 75-yard pursuit run; 2-kg medicine ball throw (MBT); push-ups and sit-ups completed in 60 seconds; and the 20-m multistage fitness test. Partial correlations controlling for sex-derived relationships between SMM%, FM%, and the tests. Recruits were split into quartile groups for SMM% and FM% (group 1 had the lowest SMM% or highest FM% and group 4 the highest SMM% or lowest FM%). A 1-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), with sex as a covariate and Bonferroni post-hoc, compared between-group results. Skeletal muscle mass percentage correlated with all fitness tests expect for MBT; FM% with all but grip strength and MBT (r = ±0.107–0.293). Greater SMM% or lesser FM% tended to relate to better fitness test performance. The MANOVA data indicated groups 3 and 4 (better SMM% or FM% profiles) exhibited superior fitness than group 1 (poorest SMM% or FM% profile) (p ≤ 0.048). Recruits should ideally increase SMM% and decrease FM% before academy to optimize fitness training and testing performance, although specific guidelines should be agency specific. Staff could use BIA to monitor body composition during academy to indicate how recruits are tolerating training.
Exploring the Utility of Performing a Down Set as a Postactivation Potentiation Strategy
Authors: Wong Hanson , Gentles Jeremy , Bazyler Caleb , Ramsey Michael
Published: March 2021

Wong, H, Gentles, J, Bazyler, C, and Ramsey, M. Exploring the utility of performing a down set as a postactivation potentiation strategy. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1217–1222, 2021—The purpose of this study was to determine if successive heavy sets of back squats can augment the concentric velocity of a lighter down set performed by strength-trained men. Twelve trained men with experience in the back squat volunteered to perform a 5 repetition maximum (5RM) along with 2 separate squat sessions consisting of 3 sets of 5 repetitions with 85% of their 5RM. One condition involved performing a “down set” (DS) after the 3 working sets at 85% of 5RM equivalent to 60% of the working-set load that was also performed during the warm-up. A “No down set” condition involved performing an additional warm-up set before the working sets with 60% of the working-set load instead of the down set to determine if velocity was augmented because of postactivation potentiation in the DS condition. In both conditions, 3 minutes of rest was applied between all sets. A paired sample t-test was used to compare the mean concentric velocities (MCVs) of the working sets of both conditions, and a repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess differences in MCVs between sets performed at 60% of the working-set load. Cohen's d effect sizes were reported for all comparisons, and the critical alpha was set at p ≤ 0.05. No significant differences were observed in the working-set MCVs in both conditions (p = 0.412, d = 0.246) or between MCVs in the down set and equivalent warm-up set load in the DS condition (p = 0.270, d = 0.002).Although performing a down set may still be efficacious for developing power across a broad spectrum of loads, the results of this study suggest successive heavy sets of back squats do not acutely augment down set concentric velocity in strength-trained men.
Prescribing Exercise in Early-Stage Breast Cancer During Chemotherapy: A Simple Periodized Approach to Align With the Cyclic Phases of Chemotherapy
Authors: Bigaran Ashley , Howden Erin J. , Foulkes Steve , Janssens Kristel , Beaudry Rhys I. , Haykowsky Mark J. , La Gerche Andre , Fraser Steve F. , Selig Steve E.
Published: March 2021

Bigaran, A, Howden, EJ, Foulkes, S, Janssens, K, Beaudry, R, Haykowsky, MJ, La Gerche, A, Fraser, SF, and Selig, SE. Prescribing exercise in early-stage breast cancer during chemotherapy: a simple periodized approach to align with the cyclic phases of chemotherapy. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2934–2941, 2022—To evaluate whether a periodized aerobic and resistance training plan aligned to the anthracycline chemotherapy (AC) cycles would be well tolerated, feasible, and attenuate the decline in peak oxygen uptake (V̇o
2peak) in breast cancer (BC) patients. Twenty-eight women with early-stage BC treated with AC self-selected to undertake exercise training (EX 47 ± 9 years, n = 14) or usual care (53 ± 9 years, n = 14) for 12 weeks as part of a nonrandomized controlled trial. The periodized EX was aligned to the cyclic phases of AC, including AC taper and nontaper weeks. Outcome measures included cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Attendance and adherence variables (relative dose intensity [RDI] and volume load) were calculated to quantify the dose of EX completed relative to the amount of EX prescribed. The mean session attendance was 76% (range 46–88%). The mean ± SD prescribed and completed dose of aerobic training was 332.3 ± 48.7 MET h·wk−1 and 380.6 ± 53.2 MET h·wk−1 (p = 0.02), equating to a mean RDI of 89 ± 17%. For resistance training, the prescribed and completed cumulative dose was 128,264 ± 54,578 and 77,487 ± 26,108 kg (p < 0.001), equating to an RDI of 60 ± 11%. Adherence to the AC taper week RDI (52 ± 14%) for resistance training was significantly lower than the non-AC taper week (72 ± 8%, p = 0.02). The most frequent cause for EX interruption was hospitalization (35%), whereas AC-related illness was the most common cause for missed (57%) or modified EX sessions (64%). This periodized approach was mostly well tolerated for patients with BC. We speculate that a periodized approach may be both more palatable and useful, although this requires further investigation in a randomized controlled trial.
Effect of Competitive Status and Experience on Heart Rate Variability Profiles in Collegiate Sprint-Swimmers
Authors: Flatt Andrew A. , Hornikel Bjoern , Nakamura Fabio Y. , Esco Michael R.
Published: March 2021

Flatt, AA, Hornikel, B, Nakamura, FY, and Esco, MR. Effect of competitive status and experience on heart rate variability profiles in collegiate sprint-swimmers. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2898–2904, 2022—Interindividual differences in training history may be a determinant of heart rate variability (HRV) profiles in collegiate sprint-swimmers and may account for differences observed between elite and subelite athletes. We therefore compared HRV profiles among national-level and conference-level sprint-swimmers while accounting for individual swim-training history. Twenty-eight short-distance swimmers (18 men and 10 women) recorded postwaking HRV throughout a 4-week standardized training period. The 4-week mean (M) and coefficient of variation (CV, a marker of daily fluctuation) were calculated for resting heart rate (RHR) and the natural logarithm of the root mean square of successive differences (LnRMSSD). Swimmers were categorized as national-level (n = 12) or conference-level (n = 16) competitors. Years of competitive experience was documented for each individual to index training history. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. No sex-related differences were observed for any variables (p > 0.05). LnRMSSDM (effect size [ES] = 0.95), LnRMSSDCV (ES = −1.18), RHRCV (ES = −1.05), and competitive experience (ES = 1.23) differed between status groups (p < 0.05). Accounting for multicollinearity between competitive experience and LnRMSSD variables (p < 0.05), competitive experience remained associated with LnRMSSDM (r = 0.44, p = 0.02). With competitive experience included as a covariate, differences in LnRMSSDM between status groups disappeared (p > 0.05, ES = 0.31). National-level swimmers exhibit higher and more stable LnRMSSD than that of their conference-level teammates throughout standardized training. Differences in trend characteristics were attributed to training age. This information may assist practitioners with interpreting interindividual differences in HRV profiles throughout training periods among a mixed roster of athletes.
O historiador, a feiticeira e o nativo: reflexões em torno de uma pretensa “caça às bruxas”
Authors: Santos Marcos Paulo Amorim
Published: March 2021

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo refletir sobre os artifícios para nomeação, entendimento e perseguição de bruxas e feiticeiras em dois diferentes períodos históricos. Utilizando de metodologias próprias à história comparada, selecionei alguns documentos, tanto produzidos pelo Vaticano ou por notórios inquisidores europeus– incluindo textos de meados do século VI até meados do século XIV -, bem como documentos que constituíram ou fomentaram políticas de Estado para a construção sul-africana nos primeiros anos do século XX. Apesar das diferenças entre esses documentos, pretendo investigar a permanência do “medo das bruxas”, que se inicia na Europa e pode ter reverberado em algumas colônias em África, bem como refletir sobre como as acusações de bruxas e feiticeiras podem ser indícios de outras latentes questões sociais em diferentes períodos históricos.  Palavras-Chave: História Comparada; Inquisição; Colonialismo; Feitiçaria.  AbstractThis paper aims to reflect on the devices for naming, understanding, and persecuting witches and wizards in two different historical periods. Using typical methodologies of comparative history, I selected some documents, either produced by the Vatican or by notorious European inquisitors - including texts from the mid-sixth to the mid-fourteenth centuries - and documents that constituted or fostered state policies for the South Africa construction at the beginning of the twentieth century. Despite the differences between these documents, my intention is to investigate the permanence of the “fear of witches,” which begins in Europe and may have reverberated in some colonies in Africa. These accusations of witches and sorceries could be signs of others latent social issues must also be considered in different historical periods.Keywords: Comparative History; Inquisition; Colonialism; Sorcery.
Rizicultura em Santa Catarina: um panorama sobre cultura, problemas socioambientais e o PROVÁRZEAS
Authors: Bosignari Vinícius
Published: March 2021

A rizicultura é uma atividade econômica importante para o estado de Santa Catarina. Seu estudo dentro de uma perspectiva histórica é fundamental para compreender o envolvimento do plantio do arroz com a cultura, com o PROVÁRZEAS - Programa Nacional para Aproveitamento de várzeas Irrigáveis, e principalmente com os impactos socioambientais ocorridos pelo cultivo do arroz. O presente trabalho desenvolveu pesquisas bibliográficas através de jornais eletrônicos, artigos acadêmicos, livros e monografias para apresentar um panorama a respeito do arroz a partir do PROVÁRZEAS. Através da pesquisa, podem-se perceber as inúmeras festas relativas ao arroz, além de possibilitar uma discussão sobre os impactos causados pelo PROVÁRZEAS como: desmatamento de matas ciliares e contaminação de águas subterrâneas e lagoas através do uso intenso de agrotóxicos.Palavras-chave: Rizicultura; Santa Catarina; História; Meio ambiente. AbstractRice growing is an important economic activity for the state of Santa Catarina. Its study from a historical perspective is fundamental to understand the involvement of rice planting with the culture, with PROVÁRZEAS - National Program for the Use of Irrigable floodplains, and mainly with the socio-environmental impacts occurred by rice cultivation. The present work developed bibliographic research through electronic newspapers, academic articles, books and monographs to present an overview about rice from PROVÁRZEAS. Through the research, one can perceive the countless festivals related to rice, in addition to enabling a discussion on the impacts caused by PROVÁRZEAS such as: deforestation of riparian forests and contamination of groundwater and ponds through the intense use of pesticides.Keywords: Rice Farming; Santa Catarina; History; Environment.
Políticas públicas e currículo na vivência pedagógica da EJA: desafios, ações e novas perspectivas na Educação de Jovens e Adultos
Authors: Souza Camila De Jesus
Published: March 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar a presença de políticas públicas e o currículo nas turmas de EJA (Educação de Jovens e Adultos), sendo realizado um estudo em uma escola do semiárido baiano, utilizando como metodologia a pesquisa qualitativa, e como instrumento de pesquisa o uso de questionário e análise documental. Dessa maneira constatamos que apesar de ser reconhecida como direito legalmente, no chão da escola a realidade da EJA ainda está longe da almejada em lei, por diversos entraves que permeiam o cotidiano tanto dos alunos como de professores e das escolas. Para mudar esse cenário deve-se partir da efetivação na prática das políticas públicas, entrelaçada com formações que levem a comunidade escolar a conhecer o que são e a importância das políticas públicas, somente dessa maneira poderemos alcançar o ensino emancipador, pautado na identidade e equidade. Palavras-chaves: Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA); Políticas públicas; Ensino. AbstractThis article aims to identify and analyze the presence of public policies and the curriculum in EJA (Youth and Adult Education) classes. A study was carried out in a school in the semi-arid region of Bahia, using qualitative research as a methodology, and, as an instrument of research, questionnaires and document analysis. Thus, we found that, despite being recognized as a legal right, the reality of EJA is still far from what is desired by law, due to several obstacles that permeate the daily lives of students, teachers and schools. In order to change this scenario, one must start putting into practice public policies, intertwined with formations that lead the school community to know what these policies and their importance are. Only in this way can we achieve emancipatory education, based on identity and equity.Keywords: Youth and Adult Education (EJA); Public policy; Teaching.
Armação Baleeira de Itapocoroia na obra “Viagem á Província de Santa Catharina (1820)” do naturalista Auguste de Saint-Hilaire
Authors: Bosignari Vinícius , Machado Letícia Stiehler
Published: March 2021

As armações baleeiras representaram uma importante atividade econômica para o Brasil em meados do século XVIII e início do século XIX. O presente artigo teve como objetivo analisar a condição político-administrativa-social da Armação Baleeira do Itapocoroia, situada no estado de Santa Catarina, a partir do relato do viajante Saint-Hilaire. Para tanto, utilizou-se como metodologia a análise do documento através de bibliografias sobre o tema e outras fontes do período. Por fim, pode-se perceber o caráter desbravador do pesquisador francês através da descrição geográfica do local. A partir disso, pode-se inferir que existiam três instâncias diferentes na organização da armação. São elas: a instância administrativa, a de caça e produção de derivados da baleia e a de moradia. Além disso, o trabalho desenvolvido por Saint-Hilaire é uma importante fonte para os estudos sobre a pesca da baleia no litoral catarinense, principalmente sobre a Armação de Itapocoroia.Palavras-chave: Armação Baleeira; Itapocoroy; Santa Catarina; Saint-Hilaire. AbstractWhaling stations represented an important economic activity for Brazil in the mid-18th and early 19th centuries. This article aimed to analyze the political-administrative-social condition of Whaling stations Itapocoroia, located in the state of Santa Catarina, based on the account of the traveler Saint-Hilaire. For that, the source analysis was used as methodology through bibliographies on the theme and other sources of the period. Finally, one can perceive the pioneering character of the French researcher through the geographical description of the place. From this, it can be inferred that there were three different instances in the organization of the frame. They are: the administrative, whaling and production of whale products and housing. In addition, the work developed by Saint-Hilaire is an important source of studies on whaling on the coast of Santa Catarina, mainly in Itapocoroia.Keywords: Whaling stations; Itapocoroy; Saint Catherine; Saint-Hilaire.
Benjamin e Fanon: experiência e descolonização
Authors: Oliveira da Rosa Amilcar Alexandre
Published: March 2021

Neste artigo, analiso alguns aspectos dos pensamentos de Walter Benjamin e de Frantz Fanon e as possíveis interlocuções entre ambos a partir da noção de experiência. Para Benjamin, os oprimidos têm que se libertar das experiências que produzem um “estado de exceção”, que na verdade é a regra das relações entre opressores e oprimidos, em desfavor destes. Para Fanon, não há como libertar-se da experiência dos corpos e das mentes negras, porque é da própria experiência destes que brotará a consciência ontológica do ser negro, de onde começará a ser construída a superação da condição de oprimido. Em ambos, é a condição humana que está em questão, uma condição analisada à luz da descolonização dos corpos e mentes negros em Fanon. Palavras-chave: Descolonização, Experiência, Walter Benjamin, Frantz Fanon. AbstractIn this paper, I analyze some aspects of Walter Benjamin and Frantz Fanon's thoughts and the possible interlocutions between both from the notion of experience. For Benjamin, the oppressed have to free themselves from experiences that produce a “state of exception” which, seen as such is, in fact, the rule of relations between oppressors and oppressed, to the detriment of the latter. For Fanon, there is no way to free oneself from the experience of black bodies and minds, because it is from the very experience of the black being that the ontological consciousness of the black being will emerge, from where the overcoming of the oppressed condition will begin to be built. In both, it is the human condition that is in question, a condition analyzed in the light of the decolonization of black bodies and minds according to Fanon.Keywords: Decolonization, Experience, Walter Benjamin, Frantz Fanon.
“Um embaixador gordo e autoritário, megalômano e inteligente”: Uma análise da representação do Barão do Rio Branco em Os Bruzundangas de Lima Barreto
Authors: Filho Fabio Wroblewski
Published: March 2021

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a representação satírica feita por Lima Barreto em seu livro Os Bruzundangas do Barão do Rio Branco como o personagem Visconde de Pancome. Será discutida de que forma o personagem reflete a atuação do Barão enquanto ministro e intelectual. Também será abordada a formação do corpo diplomático bruzundanga e a política externa desta república fictícia. É feita uma análise em torno da imaginação de um homem do começo do período republicano, utilizando para tanto o conceito de representação ficcional da realidade. Dessa forma, o presente estudo identifica na fonte literária uma perspectiva mais crítica ao Barão, que é geralmente tido como um herói nacional, evidenciando o ponto de vista de Lima Barreto, um observador dissidente de seu contexto. Palavras-chave: Barão do Rio Branco; Lima Barreto; Os Bruzundangas. AbstractThe objective of this study is to analyze the satirical representation made by Lima Barreto in his book Os Bruzundangas of the Baron of Rio Branco as the character Viscount of Pancome. Some aspects of how the character reflects the actions of the Baron as a minister and intellectual will be debated. The formation of the bruzundanga diplomatic body and the foreign policy of this fictional republic will also be approached. An analysis surrounding the imagination of a man from the beginnings of the republican period is done, using the concept of fictionalization of the reality. According to this, the present study identifies in the literary source a more critical perspective about the Baron, who is usually seen as a national hero, as it underlines Lima Barreto’s point of view, a dissident observer.Keywords: Baron of Rio Branco; Lima Barreto; Os Bruzundangas.
Liberdade e igualdade para as mulheres na perspectiva da anarquista Emma Goldman
Authors: Conceição Andrea Da
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo tem como finalidade apresentar alguns aspectos de uma investigação acerca do percurso político intelectual da anarquista Emma Goldman (1860- 1940), centrando a reflexão, em especial, no pensamento goldminiano sobre o universo de dominação em que a mulher estava inserida, destacando seus principais algozes: o Estado e a Igreja. De fato, é inegável que a trajetória vivenciada pela anarquista influenciou sua forma de ver e escrever sobre o mundo, principalmente a sua defesa da emancipação feminina a partir da quebra de pressupostos morais, de modo a possibilitar que a mulher conseguisse sua liberdade a partir de um processo de tomada de consciência. Nesse percurso, a emancipação sexual e intelectual, bem como o amor livre e a maternidade voluntária, emergiam como valores positivos a serem adotados.Palavras-chave: Anarquismo; liberdade; emancipação feminina. AbstractThis paper presents some aspects of an investigation about the intellectual political trajectory of the anarchist Emma Goldman (1860-1940), focusing the reflection, in particular, on Goldminian though on the universe of domination in which the woman was inserted, highlighting its main executioners: the State and the Church. It is undeniable that the trajectory experienced by the anarchist influenced her way of seeing and writing about the world, especially her defense of female emancipation through the breaking of moral assumptions, to enable women to achieve her freedom from a process of becoming aware. Along this path, sexual and intellectual emancipation, as well as free love and voluntary motherhood, emerged as positive values to be adopted.Keywords: Anarchism; freendom; female emancipation.
A política externa e o projeto nacional da Frelimo no cinejornal moçambicano Kuxa Kanema (1978-1981)
Authors: De Oliveira Barbosa Pedro
Published: March 2021

O cinejornal moçambicano Kuxa Kanema, produzido pelo órgão estatal Instituto Nacional de Cinema, era utilizado pela Frelimo, partido único do país, como um instrumento de propaganda e de promoção do projeto político nacional. Nesse sentido, a narrativa construída pelo mesmo em relação à política externa pode ser observada se moldando aos objetivos políticos do movimento em diferentes contextos. Entre 1978 e 1979, quando buscava estabelecer um projeto marxista-leninista e se preparava para uma Guerra Civil que ainda se iniciava, um discurso de aproximação com o chamado “Bloco Soviético” pode ser percebido. Já em 1981, quando essa busca por aproximação se mostrou frustrada a partir de uma negativa na candidatura do país ao COMECON, a Frelimo apelou para uma política externa mais aberta e focada nos interesses regionais do país.Palavras-chave: Kuxa Kanema, Política Externa, Samora Machel, Frelimo. AbstractThe Mozambican film newspaper Kuxa Kanema, produced by the state agency Instituto Nacional de Cinema, was used by Frelimo, the country's only party, as an instrument for propaganda and promotion of the national political project. In this sense, the narrative constructed by the same in relation to foreign policy can be observed as being shaped to the political objectives of the movement in different contexts. Between 1978 and 1979, when he sought to establish a Marxist-Leninist project and was preparing for a Civil War that was still beginning, a discourse of rapprochement with the so-called "Soviet Bloc" can be perceived. Already, in 1981, when this search for rapprochement proved frustrated by the country’s lack of candidacy for COMECON, Frelimo called for a more open foreign policy focused on the country's regional interests.Keywords: Kuxa Kanema, Foreign Policy, Samora Machel, Frelimo.
Expediente
Authors: Clio Ofícios De
Published: March 2021

Expediente do número 9 da Revista Discente Ofícios de Clio.
Rasgos propuestos para una maestría en cuidado de la vida como necesidad del contexto
Authors: SANCHEZ SANABRIA MARINA , Herrera Salazar Francia Esther , Socarras Vega Mariemma
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The university competes for social responsibility in a context affected by poor socioeconomic behaviors, weak productive and competitive capacity, with social problems that reflect its multifactoriality in health care, leading the creation of a multidisciplinary master's degree through a feasibility study that responds to global challenges such as intercultural dialogue, public health, climate change, food security, natural resource management, among others, that promotes the development of critical, creative and innovative thinking with citizen responsibility, ethics and fosters citizen culture. Objective: To analyze training needs and educational trends that support differentiating features for the master's degree to be offered for global health. Methodology: holistic research with a qualitative-quantitative approach, with documentary review and interview Results: Elements that characterized training components emerge, meaning two categories plants, care of life and sustainability as an object of study. Key words: social problems, trait, education, sustainability, global health
Desarrollo del proceso de modelación matemática en licenciados en formación
Authors: Berrío Valbuena Jesús David , Peña Ubarne Zuriel Fitzgerald , Torrenegra Giraldo María de los Ángeles
Published: March 2021

For authors such as Blum, Galbraith, Henn and Niss (2007), modeling has its starting point in the conceptualization of a situation or problem of reality. For Blum and Borromeo-Ferri (2009), this process is schematized in a cycle that has certain phases that allow an adequate reasoning of the modeling problems. This article proposes a cycle based on these authors and in the studied context of the graduates in training of the Universidad del Atlántico, after which a contrast is made between the proposed cycle and the processes that students develop when they solve a problem mathematical modeling raised from experimentation.
Performance Analysis of Hybrid Cooling Systems Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: D.B. Jani
Published: March 2021

In the present study, an artificial neural network (ANN) model for a solid desiccant – vapor compression hybrid air-conditioning system is developed to predict the cooling capacity, power input and coefficient of performance (COP) of the system. This paper also describes the experimental test set up for collecting the required experimental test data. The experimental measurements are taken at steady-state conditions while varying the input parameters like air stream flow rates and regeneration temperature. Most of the experimental test data (80%) were used for training the ANN model while the remaining (20%) were used for the testing of the ANN model. Experimental data were collected during the cooling period of March to September. The outputs predicted from the ANN model have a high coefficient of correlation (R>0.988) in predicting the system performance. The results show that the ANN model can be applied successfully and can provide high accuracy and reliability for predicting the performance of the hybrid desiccant cooling systems.
Altitudinal range extension of Long-tailed Singing Mouse, Scotinomys xerampelinus (Bangs, 1902) (Rodentia, Cricetidae), in Chirripó National Park, Costa Rica
Authors: Mora José Manuel , García Céspedes Jairo , López Lucía Isabel , Chaves Gerardo
Published: March 2021

Scotinomys xerampelinus has a restricted distribution in the Cordilleras Central and Talamanca of Costa Rica and western Panama, at an elevational range between 2100 and 3400 m. We report individuals observed at Cerro Chirripó, Costa Rica at 3820 m, which extends upwards the known elevational range by 420 m. The altitudinal range extension may indicate either incomplete surveys in the study area or an upslope shift due to increasing temperatures from climate change, a phenomenon that has forced several Costa Rican vertebrate species to transition to higher elevations. 
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s): The spotlight in asthma pathogenesis and lung tissue injury
Authors: Sadik Sunusi , Lu Yanhong , Zhu Shaoxuan , Cai Jiayu , Mi Lan Lan
Published: March 2021

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with ranging etiology and severity. Asthma is a disease of chronic inflammation of the airways, with clinical symptoms of wheezing, breathlessness, cough, and chest tightness manifested as chronic fixed or variable airflow obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness that predispose the airway epithelium to repeated injury, repair, and regeneration. In recent years, innate lymphoid cells (ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3) have been discovered. The predominant ILC type found in the lung tissue is group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Upon damage to the airway epithelium mediating the release of epithelial cytokines (TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25) ensued the activation of ILC2 in an antigen-independent manner. Activated ILC2 produces a significant amount of type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13), altogether contributing to type 2 inflammation in the airways. ILC2s are mediators of type 2 immunity for many type 2 inflammatory diseases such as asthma, since ILC2s were reported to play an important role in asthma pathogenesis. Here we discuss the role of ILC2 in the development of asthma and ILC2 effector cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) contributing to airway epithelial structural changes.
Preconception exposure to over-the-counter medications and antibiotics and the risk of childhood asthma in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Malaeb Diana , Hallit Souheil , Sacre Hala , Rahme Clara , Malaeb Bassem , Hallit Rabih , Salameh Pascale
Published: March 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the mother’s use of over-the-counter (OTC) medications during pregnancy and asthma in Lebanese children.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on Lebanese students in both public and private schools, between January and September 2017, involving 1000 children aged between 4 and 17 years.
Results: The intake of any medication as an independent variable throughout pregnancy reveals that being in a public school compared to a private one (Beta = 0.344) and breastfeed-ing (Beta = 0.51) were highly associated with lower odds of asthma, while having a positive family of allergic rhinitis (Beta = 2.129) and the intake of any medication during pregnancy (Beta = 7.052) were highly associated with higher odds of asthma.A second logistic regression, taking as the dependent variable asthmatic versus healthy children and taking each OTC drug as an independent variable, showed that taking paracetamol once per week during pregnancy (Beta = 4.66) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) once per month (Beta = 3.498) compared to no intake were significantly correlated with higher probability of asthma.Conclusion: Our findings showed that the intake of paracetamol, vitamin C, and PPIs during pregnancy is strongly correlated with asthma in the offspring. Since these factors are avoid-able, it is necessary to raise awareness among healthcare professionals to reduce the prevalence of asthma in children.
Primary immunodeficiency associated with hypopigmentation: A differential diagnosis approach
Authors: Zamani Raha , Shahkarami Sepideh , Rezaei Nima
Published: March 2021

Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are a group of more than 400 disorders representing aberrant functioning or development of immune system. Hypopigmentation syndromes also characterize a distinguished cluster of diseases. However, hypopigmentation may also signify a feature of genetic diseases associated with immunodeficiency, such as Chediak–Higashi syndrome, Griscelli syndrome type 2, Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome type 2 and type 10, Vici syndrome, and P14/LAMTOR2 deficiency, all of which are linked with dysfunction in vesicular/endosomal trafficking. Regarding the highly overlapping features, these disorders need a comprehensive examination for prompt diagnosis and effective management. As an aid to clinician, distinguishing the pathophysiology, clinical phenotype, and diagnosis as well as treatment options of the six mentioned PID disorders associated with hypopigmentation are described and discussed in this review.
Evaluation of some predictive parameters for baked milk tolerance in children with cow's milk allergy
Authors: Kilic Mehmet , Çilkol Lütfiye , Taşkın Erdal
Published: March 2021

Background: Inclusion of baked-milk products to the diet appears to markedly accelerate tolerance to unheated milk compared to a strict avoidance diet.Objective: The present study aims to investigate the predictors of baked-milk tolerance in children with Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated cow’s milk (CM) allergy.Methods: The study included 80 patients diagnosed with IgE-mediated CM allergy upon oral food challenge (OFC) testing at our clinic. Patients who developed and did not develop reactions during OFC with baked milk were compared considering clinical and laboratory parameters.Results: Eighty patients with CM allergy comprised 48 male and 32 female infants with an average age of 7.25 ± 2.45 (3–13) months. We found that 62.5% of them showed tolerance to baked milk in the OFC test performed with cakes containing 2.6-g milk protein. When the patients who tolerated and could not tolerate baked-milk products were compared for test results, we detected a statistically significant intergroup difference regarding diameter of wheal in skin prick test (SPT) performed with muffin slurry, levels of specific Immunoglobulin E (sIgE) in CM, sheep’s milk (SM), goat’s milk (GM), casein, and the amount of unheated milk consumed until a reaction developed in the OFC test performed with unheated milk (P < 0.05).Conclusion: We defined novel decision points based on CM, SM, GM, casein sIgE levels, wheal diameter in SPT with muffin slurry, and the amount of milk ingested during OFC performed with unheated milk that may be useful in predicting outcomes of baked-milk ingestion.
Vitamin D supplementation and severity of atopic dermatitis: pre-post assessment
Authors: Robl Imoto Renata , Uber Marjorie , Taniguchi Abagge Kerstin , Nunes Lima Mônica , Augusto Rosário Nelson , De Carvalho Vânia Oliveira
Published: March 2021

Background/objectives: There is evidence that vitamin D (VD) supplementation may help in the management of atopic dermatitis (AD). The aim of this study was to assess the influence of VD supplementation on the severity of AD.Methods: Pre–post interventional study with prospective data collection in patients younger than 14 years. The severity of AD was determined through SCORAD (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis) and classified as mild (SCORAD < 25), moderate (≥25 and <50), and severe (≥50). Skin prick test was performed in all patients. Serum VD levels were classified as sufficient (≥30 ng/mL), insufficient (29 to 21 ng/mL), and deficient (≤20 ng/mL); and those with inadequate levels received oral supplementation of VD for 3 months, and were reassessed after treatment.Results: A total of 152 patients were included. Patients with sufficient vitamin levels had lower SCORAD values (p = 0.04). Further, 116 patients (76.3%) received VD supplementation and after 3 months, VD levels were significantly higher (35.9 ng/mL) compared to baseline levels (23.7 ng/mL, p < 0.001). At the same time, a reduction in the SCORAD index was observed (19.4 before vs 12.3 after supplementation, p < 0.001). Considering other factors that could influence the decrease in AD severity after VD supplementation, female gender was associated with a worse treatment response (p = 0.02).Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation could be an adjuvant in reducing the severity of atopic dermatitis.
The impact of skin prick testing on pain perception and anxiety in children and parents
Authors: Karaatmaca Betul , Murat Sahiner Umit , Soyer Ozge , Sekerel Bulent E
Published: March 2021

Background: Skin prick testing (SPT) is a major diagnostic tool in patients with allergic symptoms. The testing process may involve pain, anxiety, and stress on children and parents. Objective: We aimed to measure the level of pain and anxiety before and after SPT in children and parents, and tried to identify predictive factors.
Methods: The children underwent SPT and parents completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) S-Anxiety before and after SPT, T-Anxiety before SPT. The study nurse completed Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) scores (<5 years) or Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (VAS), (≥5 years) after the SPT, in order to quantify pain.
Results: A total of 523 children (5.3 [2.8–9.1] [median, interquartile range] years old, 59.5% male) were evaluated. Parent gender was a predominant factor for anxiety, as mothers had a higher pre-test STAI (S-Anxiety) score, STAI (T-Anxiety), and post-test STAI (S-Anxiety) score than fathers (p < 0.001). Pre-test STAI (S-Anxiety) scores of parents decreased with increasing age (for 0–<5 years, 5–<12 years, and ≥12 years; [p for trend = 0.016]). The children tested on the back had higher VAS scores compared with the ones tested on the forearm [2[0–4] vs 2[0–2], [p = 0.005]). Risk factors determining higher general anxiety STAI (T-Anxiety) scores above the median were female sex for the parent (OR = 1.68; 95% CI [1.10–2.57]; p = 0.017), and parent’s education level being greater than or equal to high school level (OR = 1.83; 95% CI [1.27–2.64]; p = 0.001).
Conclusion: SPT may cause anxiety and pain in a subgroup of children particularly in younger age, and if performed on the back. Anxiety levels were higher in mothers, and in parents with high education levels.
The Indirect Implication of SARS-CoV-2 Resulting in Kayexalate Toxicity in a Patient with Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Middleton IV Charles E. , Daley William , Varshney Neha
Published: March 2021

The clinical features of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are variable, but the majority of patients experience mild flu-like symptoms. The cases of severe disease include complications such as progressive pneumonia, acute kidney injury, multi-organ failure, and even death. This paper explores the association between COVID-19 and its effect on multiple organ systems and how the subsequent treatment of this disease can itself lead to morbidity and mortality. We present a case which emphasizes the life threatening gastrointestinal complications associated with treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) in a patient with COVID-19. We conclude that the patients whose treatment regimens utilize medical resins should be closely monitored for gastrointestinal complications so as to mitigate the known adverse effects associated with these drugs, such as colonic mucosal ulceration, perforation, or even death.
Common variable immunodeficiency disorder: a clinical case
Authors: Sobko E. A. , Demko I. V. , Soloveva I. A. , Kraposhina A. Yu. , Gordeeva N. V. , Anikin D. A. , Pronkina N. S. , Ischenko O. P.
Published: March 2021

Primary immunodeficiency is a rare congenital pathology associated with failure of immune system, manifested by disturbances of its functions. These defects lead to increased susceptibility of patients to various infectious agents, as well as the development of autoimmune, malignant and other diseases. Primary immunodeficiency is classified as a rare disease, which was previously associated with a poor prognosis with a high risk of mortality in childhood. To date, the emergence of highly effective treatment methods has changed the course and prognosis of these diseases. Clinicians of various specialties increasingly meet with this pathology in everyday practice, including adult age cohorts. In this regard, early diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency in adults becomes relevant, being associated with choosing optimal therapy, prevention of severe internal organ damage, determination of management strategy for the patient, as well as the need to identify inherited disorders and provide information to the patient’s family. Delayed verification of the diagnosis may cause disability of the patient and development of irreversible, often fatal complications. This article presents our own clinical case with a newly diagnosed clinical condition: Common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID), the most common form of primary immunodeficiency in adults. The symptoms of common variable immunodeficiency disorder appear in these patients in adulthood, but a high-quality collected history of the disease will allow you to trace symptoms in the patients even since early childhood. There is a common gap for several years between the onset of the disease and clinical diagnosis, since erroneous diagnosis is often made due to non-specific clinical symptoms that resemble other, more frequent diseases. The prognosis of patients with CVID depends on several factors: frequency of infections, structural disorders in the lungs, the occurrence of autoimmune diseases and the success of infection prevention. Thus, a variety of clinical forms of primary immunodeficiency, lack of awareness of doctors about this pathology, complexity of immunological examination in the general medical network lead to the fact that CVID is not diagnosed for long terms, and patients do not receive the necessary pathogenetic therapy. There is a need for drawing attention of doctors of various disciplines to the fact that the recurrent inflammatory processes of various localization, which are difficult to respond to adequate traditional therapy, may be caused by changes in the immune system, including congenital, genetically determined immunodeficiency.
Lassa virus: characterization of infectious agent, biological models for pathogenesis studies and variants of vaccine
Authors: Kazachinskaya E. I. , Aripov V. S. , Zaikovskaya A. V. , Shestopalov A. M.
Published: March 2021

Lassa virus (LASV) is classified into genus Mammarenavirus of Arenaviridae family. This virus is etiological agent of Lassa fever (LF) which is widespread in Africa. On average, in four out of five infected people, LF occurs without symptoms. The annual incidence ranges from 100,000 to 500,000 registered clinical cases, at a mortality rate of 1-2%. Among hospitalized patients with severe symptoms of hemorrhagic fever, this figure may be from 14 to 89.5%. Signs of an adverse outcome in LF are open bleeding and disorders of CNS (convulsions, tremor, disorientation and coma). Death occurs from multiple organ failure. Severely ill people recover slowly and may have relapses and complications such as pneumonia, myocarditis, psychosis, and hearing loss.

Transmission of the virus in endemic territories occurs by alimentary way, air-dust and airborne droplets from a zoonotic source – rodents of the species African multimammate rat (Mastomys natalensis), by accidental contacts of people with their secretions (urine, feces, saliva) as well as when butchering carcasses and eating rodents. These animals are characterized by asymptomatic carrier and life-long persistence of the virus. Cases of transmission of the virus from person to person through the blood or other body fluids of patients are described. A sick person is contagious for two months, because the virus circulates in the blood despite high levels of antibodies. Infection of medical staff occurs during emergency surgical operations, or when the rules of contact precautions are not observed. Currently, with the ongoing LF outbreak in Nigeria, since 2016, hospitals have registered mortality rates of 22 and 8% for patients and health workers, respectively. During 1969-2016, 33 imported cases of this disease were described from West Africa to non-endemic territories (in the USA, Canada, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, Israel and Japan). The mortality rate among these patients was 39%.

The lack of prophylactic vaccines and specific therapeutic drugs is the major challenge for the prevention of LF. Thus, this review considers biological models (cell cultures and animals) that are suitable for studying the pathogenesis of this disease, preclinical studies of the specific activity and harmlessness of candidate vaccines, as well as options for these developments based on the platforms such as inactivated LASV and its DNA, the reassortant of Mopeia arenavirus, and measles virus attenuated strains, recombinant and replication-defective viruses (smallpox vaccine, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, bovine vesicular stomatitis, adenovirus of chimpanzee) and virus-like particles.