bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Assessment of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biopsies vs. Percutaneous Biopsies of Pancreatic Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Performance
Authors: Paramythiotis Daniel , Karlafti Eleni , Tsavdaris Dimitrios , Arvanitakis Konstantinos , Protopapas Adonis A. , Germanidis Georgios , Kougias Leonidas , Hatzidakis Adam , Savopoulos Christos , Michalopoulos Antonios
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Pancreatic cancer ranks as the fourth deadliest form of cancer. However, it is essential to note that not all pancreatic masses signal primary malignancy. Therefore, it is imperative to establish the correct differential diagnosis, a process further supported by pre-operative biopsy procedures. This meta-analysis aims to compare the diagnostic performance of two minimally invasive biopsy approaches for pancreatic tissue sampling: percutaneous biopsies guided by computed tomography or ultrasound, and transduodenal biopsies guided by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE and Scopus databases. The included studies analyzed the diagnostic performance of the two biopsy methods, and they were assessed for risk of bias using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies–2 tool. Statistical analysis was carried out using the RevMan and MetaDisc software packages. Results: The statistical analysis of the results demonstrated the superiority of the percutaneous approach. Specifically, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, LR+, LR−and DOR for the percutaneous approach were 0.896 [95% CI: 0.878–0.913], 0.949 [95% CI: 0.892–0.981], 9.70 [95% CI: 5.20–18.09], 0.20 [95% CI: 0.12–0.32] and 68.55 [95% CI: 32.63–143.98], respectively. The corresponding values for EUS-guided biopsies were 0.806 [95% CI: 0.775–0.834], 0.955 [95% CI: 0.926–0.974], 12.04 [95% CI: 2.67–54.17], 0.24 [95% CI: 0.15–0.39] and 52.56 [95% CI: 13.81–200.09], respectively. Nevertheless, it appears that this statistical superiority is also linked to the selection bias favoring larger and hence more readily accessible tumors during percutaneous biopsy procedures. Conclusions: Concisely, our meta-analysis indicates the statistical superiority of the percutaneous approach. However, selecting the optimal biopsy method is complex, influenced by factors like patient and tumor characteristics, clinical resources, and other relevant considerations.
Pulmonary Vein Isolation with Pulsed Field Ablation and Size-Adjustable Cryo-Balloon: A Comparative Procedural Analysis of First-Time Use
Authors: Katov Lyuboslav , Teumer Yannick , Bothner Carlo , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Weinmann-Emhardt Karolina
Published: May 2024

Background: Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the standard of care for the treatment of symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF). Novel techniques for PVI are the thermal size-adjustable cryo-balloon (CB) system and non-thermal pulsed field ablation (PFA) system. There are currently no data available for a direct comparison between these two systems. Furthermore, with new techniques, it is important to ensure a high level of efficiency and safety during treatment right from initial use. Therefore, the aim of this study was to directly compare the procedural data and safety of these two new PVI techniques in first-time users. Methods: We conducted a single-center prospective study involving 100 consecutive patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation who underwent first-time PVI using either size-adjustable CB PVI or PFA PVI from July 2023 to March 2024. Results: Acute PVI was achieved in 100% of patients in both groups. First-pass isolation (FPI) was more frequently achieved in the PFA group compared to the size-adjustable CB group. The mean procedural duration and fluoroscopy dose were significantly shorter in the PFA cohort (p < 0.001). Furthermore, a significant reduction in fluoroscopy time was observed during the learning curve within the PFA group (p = 0.023). There were no major complications in both groups. Conclusions: Both systems demonstrate good effectiveness and safety during PVI performed by first-time users. However, the PFA group exhibited a significantly shorter procedural duration.
Associations between Clinicopathological Characteristics and Intraoperative Opioid Requirements during Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection with Monitored Anesthesia Care: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kim Hyun Il , Jung Da Hyun , Lee Sung Jin , Lee Yong Chan , Lee Sang Kil , Kim Ga Hee , Nam Ho Jae , Lee Sihak , Byon Hyo-Jin , Shin Sung Kwan
Published: May 2024

Background and study aims: Endoscopic submucosal dissection is used to treat early gastric neoplasms. Compared with other endoscopic procedures, it requires higher doses of opioids, leading to adverse events during monitored anesthesia care. We investigated the correlations between clinicopathological characteristics and intraprocedural opioid requirements in patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection under monitored anesthesia care. Patients and methods: The medical records of patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection under monitored anesthesia care were retrospectively reviewed. The dependent variable was the total dose of fentanyl administered during the dissection, while independent variables were patient demographics, the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, preoperative vital sign data, and the pathological characteristics of the neoplasm. Correlations between variables were examined using multiple regression analysis. Results: The study included 743 patients. The median total fentanyl dose was 100 mcg. Younger age (coefficient −1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.78 to −0.95), male sex (16.12; 95% CI 6.99–25.24), baseline diastolic blood pressure (0.44; 95% CI 0.04–0.85), neoplasm length (1.63; 95% CI 0.90–2.36), and fibrosis (28.59; 95% CI 17.77–39.42) were positively correlated with the total fentanyl dose. Total fentanyl dose was higher in the differentiated (16.37; 95% CI 6.40–26.35) and undifferentiated cancers group (32.53; 95% CI 16.95–48.11) than in the dysplasia group; no significant differences were observed among the others. The mid-anterior wall (22.69; 95% CI 1.25–44.13), mid-posterior wall (29.65; 95% CI 14.39–44.91), mid-greater curvature (28.77; 95% CI 8.56–48.98), and upper groups (30.06; 95% CI 5.01–55.12) had higher total fentanyl doses than the lower group, whereas doses did not significantly differ for the mid-lesser curvature group. Conclusions: We identified variables that influenced opioid requirements during monitored anesthesia care for endoscopic submucosal dissection. These may help predict the needed opioid doses and identify factors affecting intraprocedural opioid requirements.
Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate in Spinal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Campos Jorge , Bas Jose Luis , Campos Claudia , Mariscal Gonzalo , Bas Teresa , Bas Paloma
Published: May 2024

Optimizing pain management in spinal surgery is crucial for preventing adverse events due to delayed mobilization. Magnesium sulfate has potential benefits in spinal surgery because of its analgesic properties and modulation of neurotransmitters and autonomic nervous system. Existing evidence regarding the use of magnesium sulfate is partial and controversial, necessitating a comprehensive meta-analysis to evaluate its efficacy and safety. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of magnesium sulfate in spinal surgery compared to other available options. This meta-analysis adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. Patients undergoing spinal surgery were included, with the intervention group receiving intravenous magnesium sulfate (MS) at various doses or combinations, whereas the comparison group received other alternatives or a placebo. The efficacy and safety outcomes were assessed. Data were collected from multiple databases and analyzed using Review Manager version 5.4. Heterogeneity was assessed and fixed- or random-effects models were applied. The meta-analysis included eight studies (n = 541). Magnesium sulfate demonstrated significant reductions in pain at 24 h (MD −0.20, 95% CI: −0.39 to −0.02) and opioid consumption (SMD −0.66, 95% CI: −0.95 to −0.38) compared to placebo. Additionally, a decrease in the use of muscle relaxants (SMD −0.91, 95% CI: −1.65 to −0.17) and remifentanil (SMD −1.52, 95% CI: −1.98 to −1.05) was observed. In contrast, an increase in extubation time (MD 2.42, 95% CI: 1.14 to 3.71) and verbal response (MD 1.85, 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.58) was observed compared to dexmedetomidine. In conclusion, magnesium sulfate administration in spinal surgery reduced pain and opioid consumption, and prolonged orientation and verbal response. No significant differences in blood pressure or heart rate were observed between the groups.
Association of Gout with Head and Neck Cancer: Longitudinal Follow-Up Studies Using a National Health Insurance Database in South Korea
Authors: Kim So Young , Park Il Hwan , Byun Chun Sung , Choi Hyo Geun , Kwon Mi Jung , Kim Ji Hee , Kim Joo-Hee , Kim Chang Wan
Published: May 2024

Objective: Previous studies have reported controversial results on the association between gout and the risk of cancer. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between gout and the incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC). Methods: The data of participants who underwent health checkups in 2009 were analyzed using the National Health Insurance Database in South Korea. A total of 14,348 HNC patients and 57,392 control participants were analyzed for a prior history of gout. Overlap weighting was applied, and odds ratios (ORs) of gout for HNC patients were analyzed. The overlap-weighted model adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors and comorbidities. HNC sites were classified as oral cavity cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, hypopharyngeal cancer, nasal cavity/sinus cancer, larynx cancer, or salivary gland cancer, and the ORs of gout were estimated for each site. Results: Overall, patients with HNC had 1.12-fold greater odds of having gout (95% confidence intervals [CIs] = 1.04–1.20). According to the site of HNC, oral cavity cancer, oropharynx cancer, and larynx cancer demonstrated high odds of having gout (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.16–1.34 for oral cavity cancer; OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.01–1.15 for oropharynx cancer; and OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.06–1.20 for larynx cancer). On the other hand, nasal cavity/sinus cancer, nasopharynx cancer, and salivary gland cancer presented low odds of having gout (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.72–0.84 for nasal cavity/sinus cancer; OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.83–0.96 for nasopharynx cancer; and OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.81–0.96 for salivary gland cancer). Conclusions: A prior history of gout was associated with a high overall incidence of HNC. Oral cavity cancer, oropharynx cancer, and larynx cancer have a high incidence in gout patients. However, nasal cavity/sinus cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, and salivary gland cancer have low incidences in gout patients. The impact of gout on HNC risk should be specifically considered according to the site of the HNC.
Comparison of One-Person Technique and Two-Person Technique for Colonoscope Insertion: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Shin Haegwang , Choe Jung Wan , Kim Seung Young , Hyun Jong Jin , Jung Sung Woo , Jung Young Kul , Koo Ja Seol , Yim Hyung Joon
Published: May 2024

Background: The one-person technique (OPT) for colonoscope insertion is recommended by professional societies and regarded as standard practice. However, the two-person technique (TPT) has shown several advantages over the OPT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the TPT compared to the OPT. Methods: In this prospective study, consecutive individuals presenting for outpatient colonoscopy were randomized to undergo colonoscopy by OPT or by TPT. The colonoscopies were performed by six endoscopists, two of whom were beginners, two with intermediate skills, and two who were experts. The primary endpoints were quality indicators for colonoscopy, including adenoma detection rate, cecal intubation rate, cecal insertion time, and total colonoscopy time. A secondary outcome was procedure tolerability, as assessed by both the patients and the endoscopists. Results: Two hundred and four subjects (117 males, mean age 54.3) were randomized to either one- (n = 102) or two-person (n = 102) colonoscopy. The adenoma detection rate was 30.4% in OPT group and 34.3% in TPT group. (p = 0.55). No significant differences between the two groups were found in terms of cecal intubation rate (98/102 vs. 98/102), insertion time (411 vs. 381 s), and total examination time (1426 vs. 1296 s). However, patients receiving the TPT had lower pain scores than patients receiving the OPT. Endoscopist fatigue measured with the FACIT-F was also significantly lower in the TPT group. Conclusion: The two-person colonoscopy method was not shown to be technically or clinically inferior. Rather, the TPT can improve patient tolerance and reduce endoscopist fatigue.
Biocompatibility of Subperiosteal Dental Implants: Changes in the Expression of Osteogenesis-Related Genes in Osteoblasts Exposed to Differently Treated Titanium Surfaces
Authors: Roy Marco , Chelucci Elisa , Corti Alessandro , Ceccarelli Lorenzo , Cerea Mauro , Dorocka-Bobkowska Barbara , Pompella Alfonso , Daniele Simona
Published: May 2024

The use of endosseous dental implants may become unfeasible in the presence of significant maxillary bone atrophy; thus, surgical techniques have been proposed to promote bone regeneration in such cases. However, such techniques are complex and may expose the patient to complications. Subperiosteal implants, being placed between the periosteum and the residual alveolar bone, are largely independent of bone thickness. Such devices had been abandoned due to the complexity of positioning and adaptation to the recipient bone site, but are nowadays witnessing an era of revival following the introduction of new acquisition procedures, new materials, and innovative manufacturing methods. We have analyzed the changes induced in gene and protein expression in C-12720 human osteoblasts by differently surface-modified TiO2 materials to verify their ability to promote bone formation. The TiO2 materials tested were (i) raw machined, (ii) electropolished with acid mixture, (iii) sand-blasted + acid-etched, (iv) AlTiColorTM surface, and (v) anodized. All five surfaces efficiently stimulated the expression of markers of osteoblastic differentiation, adhesion, and osteogenesis, such as RUNX2, osteocalcin, osterix, N-cadherin, β-catenin, and osteoprotegerin, while cell viability/proliferation was unaffected. Collectively, our observations document that presently available TiO2 materials are well suited for the manufacturing of modern subperiosteal implants.
Microstructure and Thermal Mechanical Behavior of Arc-Welded Aluminum Alloy 6061-T6
Authors: Arhumah Zeli , Pham Xuan-Tan
Published: May 2024

In this study, the welding thermal cycle, as well as the microstructural and mechanical properties of welded AA6061-T6 plates, were studied. The plates were prepared and bead-on-plate welded using gas metal arc welding (GMAW). Numerical simulations using SYSWELD® were performed to obtain the thermal distribution in the welded plates. The numerical heat source was calibrated using the temperatures obtained from the experimental work and the geometry of the melting pool. The mechanical properties were obtained through microhardness tests and were correlated with the welding thermal cycle. Moreover, the mechanical behavior and local deformation in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) were investigated using micro-flat tensile (MFT) tests with digital image correlation (DIC). The mechanical properties of the subzones in the HAZ were then correlated with the welding thermal cycle and with the microstructure of the HAZ. It was observed that the welding thermal cycle produced microstructural variations across the HAZ, which significantly affected the mechanical behavior of the HAZ subzones. The results revealed that MFT tests with the DIC technique are an excellent tool for studying the local mechanical behavior change in AA6061-T6 welded parts due to the welding heat.
Analysis of Wind Energy Potential in Sri Lankan Waters Based on ERA5 (ECMWF Reanalysis v5) and CCMP (Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform)
Authors: Yao Jinglong , Miao Yating , Kumara P. B. Terney Pradeep , Arulananthan K. , Zhang Zhenqiu , Zhou Wei
Published: May 2024

Amid global energy demands and environmental concerns, the exploration of renewable energy sources has become critically important. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of wind energy dynamics over a 35-year period (1988–2022) using CCMP and ERA5 datasets. It focuses on the spatial and temporal characteristics of wind energy within the region, particularly its distribution. The wind field in Sri Lanka has significant seasonal and regional characteristics. Despite seasonal variations, the overall wind activity remains moderate, with speeds generally above 5.4 m/s and annual average wind power densities exceeding 150 W/m2, reaching up to 200 W/m2 in certain areas. The two primary wind directions in the waters near Sri Lanka are WSW and NE. The study identifies periods of high stability, particularly from June to August, where effective wind speed occurrence (EWSO) exceeds 80%. A ‘W’-shaped pattern in monthly variations corresponds with changes in wind power density (WPD), highlighting optimal periods for wind energy extraction. Additionally, estimated reserves and technically exploitable wind energy resources (WERs) suggest that wind energy development off Sri Lanka is feasible, with potential capacities of approximately 2.00 GW and 1.60 GW, respectively. The overall coefficient of variation (CV) is small, indicating stable wind energy conditions. This analysis not only provides a scientific basis for evaluating WERs near Sri Lanka but also offers valuable insights for strategic planning and development in the renewable energy sector.
Evaluation of Initial Fire Extinguishing System for Marine ESS
Authors: Lee Seung-Yul , Park In-Chul , Park Jeong-Hoon , Jung Hyo-Seok
Published: May 2024

A fire in a marine energy storage system (ESS) has a high risk because of the special situation of the sea compared with land systems. To mitigate serious damage in the event of a fire in marine ESSs, initial suppression of the fire is extremely important. In this study, a unit module-based fire extinguishing system was constructed for the initial suppression of an ESS fire, and a unit module fire suppression test was conducted. In addition, multiple modules were constructed to evaluate the impact of unit module fire suppression on adjacent modules. Novec 1230 and F-500, which are adaptable to ESS fire control, were used as extinguishing agents. The fire suppression test results showed that both extinguishing agents could effectively suppress the ESS fire in the initial stage using the proposed fire extinguishing system. The results of this study will contribute to the development of maritime safety protocols and practical measures for reinforcing preparation for ESS-related fire accidents.
State-Transform MPC-SMC-Based Trajectory Tracking Control of Cross-Rudder AUV Carrying Out Underwater Searching Tasks
Authors: Hong Haochen , Yang Zhiqiang , Li Jiawei , Xu Guohua , Xia Yingkai , Xu Kan
Published: May 2024

In this study, we present a novel dual-loop robust trajectory tracking framework for autonomous underwater vehicles, with the objective of enhancing their performance in underwater searching tasks amidst oceanic disturbances. Initially, a real-world AUV experiment is conducted to validate the efficacy of a cross-rudder AUV configuration in maintaining sailing angle stability during the diving stage, which exhibits a strong capability for straight-line sailing. Building upon the experimental findings, we introduce a state-transform-model predictive guide law to compute the desired velocity for the dynamics loop. This guide law dynamically adjusts the controller across varying depths, thereby reducing model predictive control (MPC) computation while optimizing timing without compromising precision or convergence speed. Subsequently, we incorporate a sliding mode controller with a prescribed disturbance observer into the velocity control loop to concurrently enhance the robustness and convergence rate of the system. This innovative amalgamation of controllers significantly improves tracking precision and convergence rate, while also alleviating the computational burden—a pervasive challenge in AUV MPC control. Finally, various condition simulations are conducted to validate the robustness, effectiveness, and superiority of the proposed method. These simulations underscore the enhanced performance and reliability of our proposed trajectory tracking framework, highlighting its potential utility in real-world AUV applications.
Association of AIS and Radar Data in Intelligent Navigation in Inland Waterways Based on Trajectory Characteristics
Authors: Lei Jinyu , Sun Yuan , Wu Yong , Zheng Fujin , He Wei , Liu Xinglong
Published: May 2024

Intelligent navigation is a crucial component of intelligent ships. This study focuses on the situational awareness of intelligent navigation in inland waterways with high vessel traffic densities and increased collision risks, which demand enhanced vessel situational awareness. To address perception data association issues in situational awareness, particularly in scenarios with winding waterways and multiple vessel encounters, a method based on trajectory characteristics is proposed to determine associations between Automatic Identification System (AIS) and radar objects, facilitating the fusion of heterogeneous data. Firstly, trajectory characteristics like speed, direction, turning rate, acceleration, and trajectory similarity were extracted from ship radar and AIS data to construct labeled trajectory datasets. Subsequently, by employing the Support Vector Machine (SVM) model, we accomplished the discernment of associations among the trajectories of vessels collected through AIS and radar, thereby achieving the association of heterogeneous data. Finally, through a series of experiments, including overtaking, encounters, and multi-target scenarios, this research substantiated the method, achieving an F1 score greater than 0.95. Consequently, this study can furnish robust support for the perception of intelligent vessel navigation in inland waterways and the elevation of maritime safety.
Prospective Roles of Extremophilic Fungi in Climate Change Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Ali Imran , Qaiser Hina , Abdullah Roheena , Kaleem Afshan , Iqtedar Mehwish , Iqbal Irfana , Chen Xiaoming
Published: May 2024

Climate change and the resultant environmental deterioration signify one of the most challenging problems facing humankind in the 21st century. The origins of climate change are multifaceted and rooted in anthropogenic activities, resulting in increasing greenhouse gases in the environment and leading to global warming and weather drifts. Extremophilic fungi, characterized by their exceptional properties to survive extreme habitats, harbor great potential in mitigating climate change effects. This review provides insight into the potential applications of extremophilic fungi in climate change mitigation strategies. They are able to metabolize organic biomass and degrade carbon compounds, thereby safely sequestering carbon and extenuating its release into the environment as noxious greenhouse gases. Furthermore, they possess extremozymes, which break down recalcitrant organic species, including lignocellulosic biomass and hydrocarbons. Enzymatic machinery equips these extremophilic fungi to perform the bioremediation of polluted environments. Extremophilic fungi can also be exploited for various biological interventions, such as biofuels, bioplastics, and other bioprocessing applications. However, these fungi characterize a valued but underexplored resource in the arsenal of climate change mitigation strategies.
A Methodological Proposal to Evaluate Journalism Texts Created for Depopulated Areas Using AI
Authors: Calvo Rubio Luis Mauricio , Ufarte Ruiz María José , Murcia Verdú Francisco José
Published: May 2024

The public service media Radio Televisión Española (RTVE) conducted a proof-of-concept study to automatically generate reports on the results of the local elections of 28 May 2023 in Spanish communities with fewer than 1000 inhabitants. This study describes the creation, testing and application of the methodological tool used to evaluate the quality of the reports generated using artificial intelligence in order to optimize the algorithm. The application of the proposed datasheet provided a systematic analysis, and the iterative use of the tool made it possible to gradually improve the results produced by the system until a suitable threshold was reached for publication. The study also showed that, despite the ability of AI systems to automatically generate a large volume of information, both human labour and the reliability of the data that feed the system are essential to ensure journalistic quality.
Revolutionizing Hedge Fund Risk Management: The Power of Deep Learning and LSTM in Hedging Illiquid Assets
Authors: Wang Yige , Tong Leyao , Zhao Yueshu
Published: May 2024

In the dynamic sphere of financial markets, hedge funds have emerged as a critical force, navigating through volatility with advanced risk management techniques yet grappling with the challenges posed by illiquid assets. This study aims to transcend traditional option pricing models, which struggle under the complexities of hedge fund investments, by exploring the applicability of machine learning in financial risk management. Leveraging Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) cells, the research introduces a model-free, data-driven approach for discrete-time hedging problems. Through a comparative analysis of simulated data and the implementation of LSTM architectures, the paper elucidates the potential of these machine learning techniques to enhance the precision of risk assessments and decision-making processes in hedge fund investments. The findings reveal that DNNs and LSTMs offer significant advancements over conventional models, effectively capturing long-term dependencies and complex patterns within financial time series data. Consequently, the study underscores the transformative impact of machine learning on the methodologies employed in financial risk management, proposing a novel paradigm that promises to mitigate the intricacies of hedging illiquid assets. This research not only contributes to the academic discourse but also paves the way for the development of more adaptive and resilient investment strategies in the face of market uncertainties.
Optimizing Non-Point Source Pollution Management: Evaluating Cost-Effective Strategies in a Small Watershed within the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China
Authors: Chang Renfang , Wang Yunqi , Liu Huifang , Wang Zhen , Ma Lei , Zhang Jiancong , Li Junjie , Yan Zhiyi , Zhang Yihui , Li Danqing
Published: May 2024

Non-point source (NPS) pollution poses a significant threat to the water environment, yet controlling it at the watershed scale remains a formidable challenge. Understanding the characteristics and drivers of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) outputs at the watershed scale, along with identifying cost-effective best management practices (BMPs), is crucial for effective pollution control. In this study, we utilized the Wangjiaqiao watershed within the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) as a case study to explore the characteristics of N and P load outputs and their dominant drivers by combining the SWAT model and a geographic detector. Based on our analysis of N and P loads within the watershed, we employed the entropy weight method to evaluate the reduction efficiency and cost-effectiveness of 64 BMP scenarios, encompassing seven measures (vegetative filter strips, parallel terraces, 10% fertilizer reduction, 30% fertilizer reduction, residue cover tillage, grass mulching, and returning farmland to forest) and their combinations. Our findings revealed the following: (1) spatial heterogeneity in NPS loads within the watershed, primarily influenced by land use, fertilizer application, and surface runoff, with interactive enhancement effects among driving factors; (2) the differential effectiveness of BMPs at the watershed level, with structural measures, particularly terracing, exhibiting higher efficacy and achieving reduction rates of 28.12% for total nitrogen (TN) and 37.69% for total phosphorus (TP); the combined BMPs showed improved reduction efficiency, but not merely additive; and (3) in terms of cost-effectiveness, 30% fertilizer reduction emerged as the most beneficial among the individual measures. Moreover, a combination of vegetative filter strips, parallel terraces, and 30% fertilizer reduction demonstrated significant improvements in TN and TP reductions (48.05% and 61.95%, respectively), suggesting their widespread applicability. Overall, our study provides insights into developing a cost-effective BMP strategy for the Wangjiaqiao watershed and offers valuable guidance for NPS pollution management in similar small watersheds within the TGRA.
Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Influential Mechanisms of China’s Industrial Landscape Based on Geodetector
Authors: Yan Mi , Li Qingmiao , Song Yan
Published: May 2024

The industrial landscape constitutes a crucial aspect of a region’s historical and cultural identity, serving as a valuable asset in the development of industrial tourism. Exploring the industrial landscape supports initiatives in industrial tourism, acts as a catalyst for community revitalization, and contributes to sustainable urban progress. The primary objective of this research was to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics and underlying determinants of China’s industrial landscape (CIL) to inform urban planning, cultural heritage preservation, and sustainable development initiatives. This study utilized analytical tools, such as the nearest neighbor index, geographic concentration index, and hot spot analysis, to comprehensively examine the spatial distribution of CIL. Additionally, Geodetector was employed to explore the correlating factors behind this distribution. The findings reveal the following: (1) CIL exhibited a pronounced agglomerative spatial pattern characterized by a high degree of concentration, significant disparities, and substantial spatial autocorrelation. (2) Over time, the agglomeration of CIL varied, intensifying initially and then diminishing, with the center of gravity of its distribution shifting eastward before subsequently moving westward in a directional trend resembling “northeast–southwest”. (3) There was a diverse array of industrial landscape types within China, with notable disparities in the prevalence of different categories. The manufacturing and transportation sectors boasted the highest number of heritage sites. (4) The distribution pattern of CIL was shaped by factors such as the level of economic development, socio-demographic conditions, transportation infrastructure, and cultural milieu. The interplay between these factors had a substantial impact on this distribution pattern.
Association between Muscle Mass Index and Neurological Outcomes of Patients with Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Cho Yongtak , Kim Eung Nam , You Je Sung , Han Minkyung , Park Yoo Seok
Published: May 2024

Muscle mass depletion is associated with unfavorable outcomes in many diseases. However, its relationship with cardiac arrest outcomes has not been explored. This retrospective single-center study determined the relationship between muscle mass depletion and the neurological outcomes of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) by measuring muscle mass at various locations. Adult patients with OHCA, who were treated with target temperature management, and who underwent abdominal or chest computed tomography (CT) within 3 months of the cardiac arrest were included. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was measured at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) level, psoas muscle, fourth thoracic vertebra (T4) level, and pectoralis muscle. The Youden index was used to determine a low SMI based on sex-specific cutoff values. The outcome variables were “good neurological outcome” and “survival” at hospital discharge. Multivariable analyses revealed that patients with low T4 SMI level were significantly associated with good neurological outcomes at hospital discharge (odds ratio = 0.26, 95% confidence interval: 0.07–0.88, p = 0.036). However, no significant differences were observed between good neurological outcomes and low SMI at the L3 level and psoas and pectoralis muscles; SMIs were not associated with survival at hospital discharge. T4 level SMI depletion was inversely associated with good neurological outcomes in patients with OHCA. Thoracic muscle depletion may be crucial for predicting the neurological outcomes in patients with OHCA and further investigation in larger prospective study is warranted.
Flexible Continuum Robot System for Minimally Invasive Endoluminal Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: Sun Liping , Chen Xiong
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a minimally invasive surgical robot system for endoluminal gastrointestinal endoscopy through natural orifices. In minimally invasive gastrointestinal endoscopic surgery (MIGES), surgical instruments need to pass through narrow endoscopic channels to perform highly flexible tasks, imposing strict constraints on the size of the surgical robot while requiring it to possess a certain gripping force and flexibility. Therefore, we propose a novel minimally invasive robot system with advantages such as compact size and high precision. The system consists of an endoscope, two compact flexible continuum mechanical arms with diameters of 3.4 mm and 2.4 mm, respectively, and their driving systems, totaling nine degrees of freedom. The robot’s driving system employs bidirectional ball-screw-driven motion of two ropes simultaneously, converting the choice of opening and closing of the instrument’s end into linear motion, facilitating easier and more precise control of displacement when in position closed-loop control. By means of coordinated operation of the terminal surgical tools, tasks such as grasping and peeling can be accomplished. This paper provides a detailed analysis and introduction of the system. Experimental results validate the robot’s ability to grasp objects of 3 N and test the system’s accuracy and payload by completing basic operations, such as grasping and peeling, thereby preliminarily verifying the flexibility and coordination of the robot’s operation in a master–slave configuration.
A Novel Fuzzy Bi-Clustering Algorithm with Axiomatic Fuzzy Set for Identification of Co-Regulated Genes
Authors: Xu Kaijie , Wang Yixi
Published: May 2024

The identification of co-regulated genes and their Transcription-Factor Binding Sites (TFBSs) are the key steps toward understanding transcription regulation. In addition to effective laboratory assays, various bi-clustering algorithms for the detection of the co-expressed genes have been developed. Bi-clustering methods are used to discover subgroups of genes with similar expression patterns under to-be-identified subsets of experimental conditions when applied to gene expression data. By building two fuzzy partition matrices of the gene expression data with the Axiomatic Fuzzy Set (AFS) theory, this paper proposes a novel fuzzy bi-clustering algorithm for the identification of co-regulated genes. Specifically, the gene expression data are transformed into two fuzzy partition matrices via the sub-preference relations theory of AFS at first. One of the matrices considers the genes as the universe and the conditions as the concept, and the other one considers the genes as the concept and the conditions as the universe. The identification of the co-regulated genes (bi-clusters) is carried out on the two partition matrices at the same time. Then, a novel fuzzy-based similarity criterion is defined based on the partition matrices, and a cyclic optimization algorithm is designed to discover the significant bi-clusters at the expression level. The above procedures guarantee that the generated bi-clusters have more significant expression values than those extracted by the traditional bi-clustering methods. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated with the performance of the three well-known bi-clustering algorithms on publicly available real microarray datasets. The experimental results are in agreement with the theoretical analysis and show that the proposed algorithm can effectively detect the co-regulated genes without any prior knowledge of the gene expression data.
The Shape Operator of Real Hypersurfaces in S6(1)
Authors: Kocić Djordje , Antić Miroslava
Published: May 2024

The aim of the paper is to present two results concerning real hypersurfaces in the six-dimensional sphere S6(1). More precisely, we prove that real hypersurfaces with the Lie-parallel shape operator A must be totally geodesic hyperspheres. Additionally, we classify real hypersurfaces in a nearly Kähler sphere S6(1) whose Lie derivative of the shape operator coincides with its covariant derivative.
Utilizing Cross-Ratios for the Detection and Correction of Missing Digits in Instrument Digit Recognition
Authors: Huang Jui-Hua , Chen Yong-Han , Tsai Yen-Lung
Published: May 2024

This paper aims to enhance the existing Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) technologies for utilities in the public services sector, such as water, electricity, and gas, by allowing users to regularly upload images of their meters, which are then automatically processed by machines for digit recognition. We propose an end-to-end AMR approach designed explicitly for unconstrained environments, offering practical solutions to common failures encountered during the automatic recognition process, such as image blur, perspective distortion, partial reflection, poor lighting, missing digits, and intermediate digit states, to reduce the failure rate of automatic meter readings. The system’s first stage involves checking the quality of the user-uploaded images through the SVM method and requesting re-uploads for images unsuitable for digit extraction and recognition. The second stage employs deep learning models for digit localization and recognition, automatically detecting and correcting issues such as missing and intermediate digits to enhance the accuracy of automatic meter readings. Our research established a gas meter training dataset comprising 52,000 images, extensively annotated across various degrees, to train the deep learning models for high-precision digit recognition. Experimental results demonstrate that, with the simple SVM model, an accuracy of 87.03% is achieved for the classification of blurry image types. In addition, meter digit recognition (including intermediate digit states) can reach 97.6% (mAP), and the detection and correction of missing digits can be as high as 63.64%, showcasing the practical application value of the system developed in this study.
Occurrence and Exposure Assessment of Lipophilic Shellfish Toxins in the Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: Weng Qin , Zhang Ronghua , Wu Pinggu , Chen Jiang , Pan Xiaodong , Zheng Chenyang , Zhao Dong , Wang Jikai , Zhang Hexiang , Qi Xiaojuan , Han Junde , Lu Zijie , Zhou Biao
Published: May 2024

Although lipophilic shellfish toxins (LSTs) pose a significant threat to the health of seafood consumers, their systematic investigation and risk assessment remain scarce. The goals of this study were as follows: (1) analyze LST levels in commercially available shellfish in Zhejiang province, China, and determine factors influencing LST distribution; (2) assess the acute dietary risk of exposure to LSTs for local consumers during the red tide period; (3) explore potential health risks of LSTs in humans; and (4) study the acute risks of simultaneous dietary exposure to LSTs and paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs). A total of 546 shellfish samples were collected. LSTs were detected in 89 samples (16.3%) at concentrations below the regulatory limits. Mussels were the main shellfish species contaminated with LSTs. Spatial variations were observed in the yessotoxin group. Acute exposure to LSTs based on multiple scenarios was low. The minimum tolerable exposure durations for LSTs calculated using the mean and the 95th percentile of consumption data were 19.7 and 4.9 years, respectively. Our findings showed that Zhejiang province residents are at a low risk of combined exposure to LSTs and PSTs; however, the risk may be higher for children under 6 years of age in the extreme scenario.
Proangiogenic Azaphilones from the Marine-Derived Fungus Neopestalotiopsis sp. HN-1-6
Authors: Feng Ting , Wu Rongxiang , Wang Yufei , Wang Pei , Zhou Liman , Wang Cong , Kong Fandong
Published: May 2024

Developing novel, safe, and efficient proangiogenic drugs is an important approach for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, 4 new compounds, including 3 azaphilones (1–3) and 1 dihydroisocoumarin (4), as well as 13 known compounds (5–17), were isolated from the sea-mud-derived fungus Neopestalotiopsis sp. HN-1-6 from the Beibu Gulf of China. The structures of the new compounds were determined by NMR, MS, ECD, and NMR calculations. Compounds 3, 5, and 7 exhibited noteworthy proangiogenic activities in a zebrafish model at a concentration of 40 μM, without displaying cytotoxicity toward five human cell lines. In addition, some compounds demonstrated antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, with MIC values ranging from 64 μg/mL to 256 μg/mL.
Is Mental Health Worse in Medical Students than in the General Population? A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Stirparo Giuseppe , Pireddu Roberta , D’Angelo Marta , Bottignole Dario , Mazzoli Riccardo , Gambolò Luca
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives: In recent years, there has been a notable increase in university students experiencing severe mental illness. The transition to university life can be demanding, leading to mental health disorders. Persistent stress and anxiety can cause demotivation, difficulties with concentration, cognitive impairment, and reduced academic performance. Mental health issues can also impact social relationships and overall well-being. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the mental health of medical students and compare it with the mental health of the non-student population. Materials and Methods: The survey collected demographic information such as age and gender. Participants were questioned about their self-perceived mental distress, diagnosed mental disorders, and history of therapy for mental distress. Various validated assessment tools were utilized to assess mental health and quality of life. Results: Medical students exhibit a higher self-perception of mental symptoms that does not translate into a significantly higher prevalence of diagnosed mental disorders. Medical students experience higher levels of anxiety and subclinical depressive symptoms and lower quality of life. Female participants reported lower QoL scores and higher levels of anxiety symptoms compared with male participants. While the prevalence of mental disorders did not differ significantly between genders (except for clinical anxiety), females tended to perceive a higher burden of mental health challenges. Conclusions: By addressing mental health issues among medical students, especially females, institutions can create a more supportive and conducive learning environment. Encouraging open conversations about mental health and providing accessible mental health services can help in destigmatizing mental health challenges and promoting early intervention when needed.
Pure Hydrogen and Methane Permeation in Carbon-Based Nanoporous Membranes: Adsorption Isotherms and Permeation Experiments
Authors: Kurth Matthis , Javed Mudassar , Schliermann Thomas , Brösigke Georg , Kämnitz Susanne , Bhatia Suresh K. , Repke Jens-Uwe
Published: May 2024

This paper presents the results of adsorption and permeation experiments of hydrogen and methane at elevated temperatures on a carbon-based nanoporous membrane material provided by Fraunhofer IKTS. The adsorption of pure components was measured between 90 °C and 120°C and pressures up to 45 bar. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm shows the best fit for all data points. Compared to available adsorption isotherms of H2 and CH4 on carbon, the adsorption on the investigated nanoporous carbon structures is significantly lower. Single-component permeation experiments were conducted on membranes at temperatures up to 220 °C. After combining the experimental results with a Maxwell–Stefan surface diffusion model, Maxwell–Stefan surface diffusion coefficients Dis were calculated. The calculated values are in line with an empirical model and thus can be used in future multi-component modeling approaches in order to better analyze and design a membrane system. The published adsorption data fill a gap in the available adsorption data for CH4 and H2.
Preparation of Two Novel Stable Silica-Based Adsorbents for Selective Separation of Sr from Concentrated Nitric Acid Solution
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhang Shichang , Wang Xinpeng , Chen Lifeng , Yin Xiangbiao , Hamza Mohammed F. , Wei Yuezhou , Ning Shunyan
Published: May 2024

Crown ethers are famous for the highly selectively grab Sr(II) from concentrated nitric acid solution due to the size match, but they suffer from the high leakage into the liquid phase caused by the presence of a large number of hydrophilic groups. To reduce their leakage, two novel porous silica-based adsorbents, (DtBuCH18C6 + Dodec)/SiAaC-g-ABSA and (DtBuCH18C6 + Dodec)/SiAaC-g-3-ABSA, were prepared by vacuum impregnation with organic contents of about 55.9 wt.% and 56.1 wt.%, respectively. The two adsorbents have good reusability and structural stability, and the total organic carbon leakage rates in 2 M HNO3 solution are lower than 0.56 wt.% and 0.29 wt.%, respectively. Batch adsorption experiments revealed that the two adsorbents possessed good adsorption selectivity towards Sr, with SFSr/M over 40, except that of SFSr/Ba in 2 M HNO3 solution. The adsorption equilibrium of Sr in 2 M HNO3 solution was reached within 1 h, with saturated adsorption capacities of 36.9 mg/g and 37.5 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, the XPS results indicate that the adsorption mechanism is the coordination of the crown ether ring with Sr. This work not only develops two novel adsorbents for the separation of Sr in nitric acid environments; it also provides a method for effectively reducing the water solubility of crown ethers.