bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pediatric cancer mortality: Analyzing early deaths and fatalities in a resource-limited tertiary care context
Authors: Farrag Ahmed , Osman Amira Mahmoud , Ghazaly Mohamed Hamdy
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Children with suspected cancer may succumb to their bad condition shortly after admission, even before a definitive diagnosis can be reached. We aimed to address the issue of delayed presentation and early deaths among children suspected of having cancer. We analyzed also the types and causes of mortalities across different tumor types.

Materials and methods

A retrospective review of reports from newly admitted patients between 2006 and 2010 at the pediatric oncology department of the South Egypt Cancer Institute (SECI) was done. Parameters included age, gender, diagnosis, symptoms, the interval between initial symptoms and the first visit to SECI, the duration from admission to death, and the cause of death.

Results

Among the 502 patients with confirmed malignancies, 238 (47.4%) succumbed. Causes of death were predominantly treatment-related mortalities (TRM) (66%). Mortalities within hematological malignancies were mainly TRM (81%), whereas solid tumors were primarily disease-related (70%), p <0.0001. The leading causes of TRM was infection (60%).

About 5% of patients experienced early death within 48 hours after presenting to SECI. The mean duration from initial symptoms to the first SECI visit was 67 days, and the period from admission to death averaged 27 hours. Common initial symptoms included abdominal swelling (29.6%), or fever (26%). The leading causes of death were respiratory failure (29.6%), tumor lysis syndrome (22%), or septicemia (22%).

Conclusions

Delayed presentation leading to early deaths poses a significant obstacle to the successful treatment of childhood cancers. Early diagnosis and improved supportive care are essential to enhancing the overall survival, particularly in patients with hematologigical malignancies.
Performance of ChatGPT in medical licensing examinations in countries worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Liu Mingxin , Okuhara Tsuyoshi , Chang Xinyi , Okada Hiroko , Kiuchi Takahiro
Published: October 2024

Introduction

In November 2022, the online artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot ChatGPT was released to the public, and swiftly garnered global attention because of its ability to provide detailed answers to complex queries. In medical field, ChatGPT has shown great potential to be used in medical education and has excelled in many English-language medical licensing examinations. However, due to the variability of medical licensing examinations in different countries, and ChatGPT’s particular proficiency in English, the previous literatures showed that ChatGPT is unable to pass medical licensing examinations from non-English-speaking countries or those not administered in English. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to review whether ChatGPT can demonstrate consistent accuracy across diverse medical licensing examinations and be used in medical education across countries.

Objective

In this study protocol, we aimed to analyze and review the differences in performance of ChatGPT in medical exams in various language environments and countries, as well as its potential in medical education.

Methods and analysis

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus to collect papers testing the performance of ChatGPT in medical licensing examinations. We imported all the collected literatures into Rayyan and screened the literatures based on the selection criteria and exclusion criteria. The risk of bias and quality of included studies was assessed by using Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Data from included studies was extracted into an Excel spreadsheet. All of the above processes were completed by two reviewers independently. A third reviewer was consulted in cases of disagreement. Finally, we provided both quantitative and qualitative analysis of the findings from the included studies.

Trial registration

PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024506687.
Precise instruction and consideration of the vertical and horizontal force component increases validity and reliability of the 90:20 Isometric Posterior Chain Test
Authors: Rasp Dominic Michael , Paternoster Florian Kurt , Kern Jan , Schwirtz Ansgar
Published: October 2024

Hamstring injuries are associated with decreased hamstring strength. Matinlauri et al.’s 90:20 Isometric Posterior Chain Test (90:20 IPCT) efficiently assesses hamstring strength, but has not been validated so far. Furthermore, their rather unprecise original instruction allows high variability in test execution. We added a new instruction and variables and examined, whether this measure leads to increased reliability and validity. We assessed hamstring strength of 23 sport students via the 90:20 IPCT under the original instruction, to exert vertical force, and our new instruction, to exert vertical and horizontal force. Instead of only using bare vertical force as variable under the original (Fz_V) and our new instruction (Fz_VH), we also calculated the resultant force (Fres_VH) and the applied torque onto the force place (M_F_ortho_VH). To test for validity, we correlated the outcome variables with peak torque of gold standard dynamometry. Furthermore, we measured muscle activities of the mm. rectus femoris, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and gluteus maximus under our new instruction and compared them to those under the original variable (Fz_V) via one sample t-tests. To evaluate reliability, tests were repeated on two separate days, for which we calculated intra class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and coefficients of variation (CVs). Our new instruction and variables (Fz_VH, Fres_VH, M_F_ortho_VH) showed better validity (mean r = 0.77, r = 0.81, and r = 0.85) and equally good or better reliability (ICCs: 0.87, 0.89, and 0.94; CVs: 4.7%, 4.1%, and 4.7%) than the original instruction and variable (Fz_V) (mean r = 0.70; ICC: 0.91; CV: 5.6%). There were no differences in muscle activities between the variables and instructions of the 90:20 IPCT. We recommend our new instruction and the applied torque onto the force plate as it makes the 90:20 IPCT a more reliable and valid tool to assess hamstring strength.
Negligible impact of supermarkets on food security (so far) in low-income neighborhoods of Accra, Ghana
Authors: Fobi Daniel , Waldman Kurt B. , Dwyer Michael B. , Robeson Scott M. , Blekking Jordan P.
Published: October 2024

In recent years, African policymakers have embraced supermarket development as a form of food system modernization, but the impacts of the proximity of supermarkets on low-income households in a developing African city are largely unexplored. Using a sample of 680 households in seven of Accra’s poorer neighborhoods, we examine the dimensions and level of food security, household-level determinants, and what impact, if any, the arrival of supermarkets has had on local food security. Using two internationally accepted food-security metrics, (Food Consumption Score and Household Food Insecurity Access Scale), two economic measures (income equivalence and asset ownership), and satellite imagery of supermarket locations, we find that physical proximity to supermarkets is not significantly associated with household food security in low-income areas of Accra. The majority of poor households in Accra are currently food secure, but asset ownership is a much stronger predictor of food security than income. The relatively high degree of food security in Accra is likely related to credit-based relationships that households have with local food vendors. Further, given that supermarkets can compete with these so-called “informal” vendors for access to public space, these credit-based relationships will suffer with new supermarket development. Our study highlights the need for nuanced understanding regarding the role of consumer-retailer and retailer-retailer relationship in ensuring food access for low-income households in urban Africa.
Artes conviviales, tecnoviviales, liminales. Estudios de Filosofía del Teatro y Teatro Comparado
Authors: Dubatti Jorge
Published: October 2024

En el presente volumen el teórico teatral argentino Jorge Dubatti realiza nuevas contribuciones a la teoría y el análisis de las artes escénicas, desde las disciplinas Filosofía del Teatro, Teatro Comparado, Poética Comparada y Estudios Comparados de Expectación Teatral. Entre otros temas principales, Dubatti propone una visión de las artes a partir de la distinción entre convivio, tecnovivio y la liminalidad entre ambos; propone una Filosofía del Teatro aplicada al “escenografiar”; analiza “La busca de Averroes” de Jorge Luis Borges como contribución a la Teatrología. Se detiene luego en el universo de la expectación: caracteriza las Escuelas de Espectadores, los conceptos de transteatralidad, transactoralidad, transexpectatorialidad y territorialidad, y define siete abordajes al espectador: real, histórico, implícito, explícito, representado, abstracto, voluntario. Finalmente, establece vínculos entre literatura y acontecimiento teatral y analiza la producción de artistas-investigadoras/es en la generación de conocimiento.
Pre-and-post impact fall detection based on support vector machines using inertial and barometric pressure data
Authors: Álvarez-Jiménez Roberth , Pulido Herrera Edith , Ruiz-Olaya Andrés F. , Sierra Bueno Daniel Alfonso
Published: October 2024

Objective: This paper presents a novel real-time algorithm for fall detection, which contextualizes falls by identifying activities occurring both pre- and post-impact utilizing machine learning techniques and wearable sensors.
Methodology: The activities selected to contextualize fall events included standing, lying, walking, running, climbing stairs, and using the elevator. Data were collected using an inertial measurement unit and a barometric altimeter positioned on the participants’ lower backs. Thirteen healthy subjects were observed performing the activities and fall events were recorded from five healthy subjects. The proposed algorithm combines thresholding and cascade support vector machines (SVMs), whose robustness is enhanced by a verification process of the subject’s posture aimed at determining the occurrence of the fall more accurately.
Results: The performance of the algorithm was evaluated in terms of the hit rate (HT) both offline and in real-time. From the activities studied, stairs climbing proved to be the most challenging to detect, with an offline HT of 85% and an online HT of 76 %. The overall offline performance was superior, with an HT of 96 %, compared to the performance achieved online, an HT of 91 %; in both cases the fall detection HT was 100 %.
Conclusions: The algorithm can be used to recognize fall events occurring to any user, as it has the advantage of not needing prior adaptation due to the nonlinear nature of the SVMs. The cascade SVMs allow for using small sets of variables, leading to low computational cost and a suitable real-time implementation. These features, in addition to the posture verification process, make our algorithm suitable for activity recognition in non-laboratory environments.
Application of machine learning for predictions of consecutive dependent data of type {[(a, b)->c]->d}
Authors: Quevedo Piratova Diego Alexander , Londoño Villalba Jhon Uberney , Gonzalez Gomez Arnaldo Andres
Published: October 2024

Objective: Machine learning techniques have emerged in response to the desire for automatic pattern detection withindatasets in fields such as statistics, mathematics, and data analytics. They allow for the extraction of relevant informationfrom datasets of significantly large volumes, providing the possibility of making predictions. This paper presents an application focused on decision trees, linear regression, and random forest regression algorithms to predict final data fromconsecutive dependent data of type {[(a, b) → c] → D}.
Methodology: The study adopts a quantitative research design, which takes as input datasets based on interval data. It utilizes a correlational research model by implementing Python and its Scikit-Learn library, which includes various algorithms for prediction. Specifically, we compare the application of decision trees, linear regression, and random forest regression on the same set of datasets, but with a characteristic of dependency between them.
Results: Upon application of the proposed model, it yields an estimated prediction score, which indicates the accuracy of the model concerning the data provided.
Conclusions: The application of a complex algorithm does not inherently guarantee a higher rate of accuracy. Conversely, configuring the model correctly, training multiple trees, or adjusting parameter values can significantly enhance the obtained results
Reconocimiento de Emociones Mediante Región de Ojos Utilizando Características Texturales, lbp y hog
Authors: Domínguez Jalili Laura Yadira , Espejel Cabrera Josue , Cervantes Canales Jair , Garcia Lamont Farid
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo es desarrollar un sistema robusto de reconocimiento de emociones basado en expresiones faciales, con especial énfasis en dos regiones clave: los ojos y la boca. Este artículo presenta un análisis exhaustivo del reconocimiento de emociones logrado mediante el examen de varias regiones faciales. Las expresiones faciales sirven como indicadores invaluables de las emociones humanas, siendo los ojos y la boca áreas particularmente expresivas. Al centrarnos en estas regiones, nuestro objetivo es capturar con precisión los matices de los estados emocionales.
Metodología: El algoritmo que ideamos no solo detecta rasgos faciales, sino que también aísla de forma autónoma las regiones de los ojos y la boca. Para aumentar la precisión de la clasificación, utilizamos varias técnicas de extracción y selección de características. Posteriormente, evaluamos el rendimiento de múltiples clasificadores, incluida la máquina de vectores de soporte (SVM), la regresión logística, la regresión bayesiana y los arboles de decisión, para identificar el enfoque más eficaz.
Resultados: Nuestra metodología experimental implico la utilización de varias técnicas de clasificación para evaluar el rendimiento en diferentes modelos. Entre ellos, SVM exhibió un rendimiento excepcional, con una impresionante tasa de precisión del 99,2 %. Este resultado sobresaliente supero el rendimiento de todos los demás métodos examinados en nuestro estudio. A través de un examen y una experimentación meticulosos, exploramos la eficacia de diferentes regiones faciales para transmitir emociones. Nuestro análisis abarca dos conjuntos de datos y metodologías de evaluación para garantizar una comprensión integral del reconocimiento de emociones.
Conclusiones: Nuestra investigación presenta evidencia convincente de que la región del ojo, cuando se analiza utilizando la máquina de vectores de soporte (SVM) junto con las características de textura, HoG y LBP, logra singularmente una tasa de precisión excepcional del 99,2 %. Este notable hallazgo subraya el importante potencial de priorizar únicamente los ojos para el reconocimiento preciso de las emociones. Al hacerlo, desafía el enfoque convencional de incluir toda el área facial para el análisis.
Cálculo de la carga óptima de un sistema de cosecha basado en el efecto piezoeléctrico
Authors: Gomez-Casseres Andrés Felipe
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: La máxima extracción de potencia de los sistemas de cosecha de energía basados en el efecto piezoeléctrico es crucial para el desarrollo de diversas tecnologías actuales. Sin embargo, el uso directo del teorema de transferencia de máxima potencia en este tipo de captadores de energía produce modelos de carga inestables y no causales, que impiden su síntesis a través de un circuito electrónico de potencia y reducen la potencia disponible para el hardware específico de la aplicación. En este artículo, se presenta el cálculo de una función de transferencia causal y estable, que aproxima la máxima extracción de potencia de un cosechador piezoeléctrico lineal.
Metodología: Dicho modelo se obtiene mediante el algoritmo de Optimización por Enjambre de Partículas (PSO), seleccionado por su sencillez de implementación. En este estudio, se utiliza una variación del algoritmo original para incluir las restricciones de estabilidad.
Resultados: El algoritmo se empleó para obtener modelos de 7º, 8º, 16º y 20º grado para evaluar el impacto de la complejidad del modelo en los valores de la función objetivo obtenidos. El mínimo error cuadrático acumulado alcanzó un valor de la función objetivo de aproximadamente 6 · 10−7Ω −2 alcanzado por el modelo de 7º grado.
Conclusiones: Se obtuvo un modelo estable y causal mediante una implementación de PSO. Los resultados sugieren una baja dependencia del valor mínimo de la función objetivo con el aumento de complejidad del modelo. No obstante, el mejor modelo coincidió con el grado de la función de transferencia de la admitancia. Finalmente, la implementación del algoritmo PSO sin restricciones produjo mejores resultados, sugiriendo que un algoritmo de optimización diferente puede alcanzar mejores resultados
INCENTIVES AND CONSTRAINTS OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER: INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN CHELYABINSK REGION
Authors: Khairullina Olga , Solovyeva Irina
Published: October 2024

This article studies Russia’s transition to innovation-oriented economic growth through technology transfer. An important aspect of this is the development and analysis of a system for stimulating innovation in industrial enterprises at the state and regional levels. The study identifies factors inhibiting the innovative development of industry in Chelyabinsk Region and develops recommendations for overcoming them. The study investigates industrial enterprises that develop and implement innovations and industrial technology transfer. The key hypothesis is that the presence of universal and regional features of technology transfer must be taken into account for the development and improvement of the efficiency of innovation in the industrial sector. The article presents the results of an empirical analysis of the innovation of industrial enterprises in Chelyabinsk Region, studies the interaction between enterprises and external structures when carrying out R&D, and the use of measures to support innovation. The article identifies limitations and problems in the implementation of technology transfer and innovation, such as insufficient cooperation be-tween industrial enterprises and universities in the development of technologies, the disruption of informa-tion flows – including the lack of ongoing information exchange between industry and academia – and the low awareness of industrial enterprises about measures to support innovation and technology transfer. The key result of the study is the identification of limitations in the development of effective technology transfer mechanisms and the development of solutions to help overcome them: the methodological justification for the formation and development of a network of technology transfer centers, the need to develop a unified architecture for digital platforms, the integration of digital services, accumulating support measures, and ac-celerating technology transfer. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using its re-sults at the level of universities, industrial enterprises, and the state in the implementation of innovation de-velopment programs.
THE INNOVATIVE AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN RUSSIAN REGIONS: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE CONVERGENCE OF THE INDUSTRIAL SPACE
Authors: Nesytykh Ksenia
Published: October 2024

When assessing regional industry in the transition to the post-industrial stage of develop-ment, it is necessary to take into account the productive, technological, and innovative potential of the in-dustries themselves, the regions in which they are located, and the ratio of different technological levels of industrial sectors (high-, medium-, or low-tech levels and HT, HMT, or LMT, or LT sectors). This article assesses the technological and innovative homogeneity of the industrial space of Russian regions specializ-ing in manufacturing. The study analyzes innovation parameters and the convergence of regions, taking into account the dominance of industries with different levels of technology. The study investigates HT, HMT, LMT and LT regions of the Russian manufacturing industry. Research methods include comparative, eco-nomic, and statistical analysis (σ- and β-convergence). The hypothesis is that there are uneven shifts in the innovation and technological development of regions, the presence of distinctive advantages, and resistance to external restrictions and violations of system technologies. The assessment of these features will increase the technological sovereignty and independence of innovation development of the regions and the country as a whole. The results revealed that LT and LMT regions have stable growth in the volume of shipped in-novative goods which ensures sustainable innovation efficiency. HT and HMT regions are characterized by the high costs of innovation and high innovation efficiency. In regions with different levels of technology, a reduction in disproportions based on σ-convergence was revealed; β-convergence was revealed in the group of HT, HMT, and LMT regions by the share of innovative products in the structure of shipped products and the share of medium- and high-tech industries in shipped products. The conclusions can be used in the de-velopment of regional industrial policy.
Investigating academics’ attitudes towards ChatGPT: A qualitative study
Authors: Wilkinson Chelsea , Oppert Michelle , Owen Mikaela
Published: October 2024

ChatGPT, at the forefront of artificial intelligence advancement, has caused excitement and scepticism within academic spheres due to its potential to affect academic processes. Understanding attitudes towards ChatGPT could help manage expectations and concerns for ChatGPT in academia, predict behaviour and inform policy. This study aimed to develop an understanding of university academics’ attitudes towards ChatGPT. A total of 11 university academics participated in semi-structured interviews. Data analysis found three main themes: (a) ethics, (b) changes to academic processes and (c) accessibility and inclusivity. Results showed academics had positive attitudes towards ChatGPT overall; however, they held negative attitudes towards the unethical use of the technology. Key findings included discrepancies in perceptions of academics’ personal ethical use of ChatGPT compared to unethical use by others. Furthermore, academics viewed ChatGPT as a useful tool for saving time and enhancing research processes and student learning. Finally, ChatGPT could increase equity among diverse groups, though it should be used with caution. Future studies could conduct a longitudinal study and recruit a larger and wider sample exploring specific and/or multidisciplinary domains for research diversity and the generalisability of findings.
 
Implications for practice or policy:

Academic policy and codes of conduct concerning the use of ChatGPT in research and education can be refined to address key ethical concerns, such as plagiarism.
Academic educators and researchers can save time and improve processes using ChatGPT to attain better work-life balance and thus potentially improve the quality of their work.
Induction and maturation of somatic embryogenesis in mangaba tree a multipurpose Apocynaceae
Authors: Vieira Santana Fernanda , Da Silva Freire Gilmara , Bomfim Góis Itamara , Luzia Peixoto Nascimento Larissa , Almeida Santos Paulo Augusto , Cruz da Silva Ana Veruska , Da Silva Lédo Ana
Published: October 2024

This study reported the first results of in vitro somatic embryogenesis induction in Hancornia speciosa Gomes (mangaba tree, Apocynaceae). To induce callus, the TC accession leaf and nodal segments were cultivated in culture medium I (Murashige and Skoog; MS salts, putrescine, 45 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; 2,4-D and 22.19 µM 6-benzylaminopurine; BA). For the next stage (multiplication), the callus masses were sub-cultured into a culture medium II (MS salts, 22.62 µM 2,4-D and 22.19 µM BA). After 90 days, embryogenic calluses were inoculated to somatic embryo maturation medium culture III (MS salts, polyethylene glycol; PEG (0 and 2%) and BA (44.39 and 66.58 µM). Pro-embryos and somatic embryos in the maturation stage were assessed after 60 days. The rstatix package from R software with non-parametric tests (p < 0.05) were used to analysis data of experiments I and II. The Tukey’s test (p < 0.05) was performed on the data of experiment III. To induce and multiply embryogenic callus, 45 µM 2,4-D and 22.19 µM BA were efficient. More pro- and somatic embryo development were seen in the nodal explant cultured in the presence of 44.39 and 66.58 µM BA and 2% PEG. Putrescine does not promote the embryogenic masses of callus derived from leaf explants in the TC accession.
Keywords: Hancornia speciosa Gomes, micropropagation, somatic embryo.
Efeito das características biométricas no rendimento da polpa do jambolão (Syzygium cumini L.) e análise da sua potencialidade nutricional e funcional
Authors: Oliveira Melo Filipe , Cypriano de Souza Luana , Martins Lemos Danielle , Silva Ribeiro Daniele , Beltrão Lessa Constant Patrícia
Published: October 2024

O jambolão é uma planta tropical que possui frutos com características químicas e nutracêuticas ideais para exploração industrial. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos das variáveis biométricas do fruto no rendimento da polpa, bem como determinar a sua composição físico-química e suas propriedades funcionais. Os frutos foram adquiridos e analisados quanto as suas características biométricas, rendimento de polpa, caracterização físico-química, quantificação de compostos bioativos e potencial antioxidante, sendo os dados avaliados através de estatística descritiva, coeficiente de correlação (rS) e Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP). Observou-se que os frutos analisados apresentaram peso médio na ordem de 4,11 ± 1,06 g e diâmetro médio horizontal e vertical de 15,55 ± 2,77 mm e 27,37±7,47 mm, respectivamente. Os frutos apresentaram um rendimento de polpa médio de 65,15 ± 8,57 % e essa variável sofreu influência positiva e significativa do diâmetro horizontal (DH) (rS = 0,391) e do peso do fruto (PF) (rS = 0,493). Além disso, a polpa apresentou uma boa composição nutricional quando comparado com outras espécies frutíferas comerciais, como o teor de compostos fenólicos (45,69 ± 6,09 mg EAG /100 g), antocianinas totais (305,59 ± 106,19 mg cianidina -3 glicosídeo/100g) e atividade antioxidante (ABTS = 3.291, 92 ± 96,10 µmol equivalente a Trolox/g e FRAP = 11.876,97 ± 619 µmol Fe2SO4/100g).  Conclui-se que o fruto do jambolão possui elevada potencialidade de processamento industrial, porém para que haja uma plena utilização do fruto, melhores práticas de manejo pós-colheita precisam ser adotadas, garantindo que o fruto seja utilizado com toda essa sua potencialidade.
Avaliação e espacialização de parâmetros físico-químicos em águas subterrâneas na bacia hidrográfica do rio Piauí nordeste, Brasil
Authors: Da Silva Joel Marques , Rocha Paulino Estevez , Da Cruz Santos Douglas , Batista de Jesus Janisson , Borges Garcia Carlos Alexandre , Lopes da Costa Silvânio Silvério
Published: October 2024

Águas com concentrações elevadas de sais dissolvidos utilizadas para irrigação podem gerar problemas de salinização e/ou sodificação dos solos. Tais efeitos podem ser sentidos na área de estudo, logo este trabalho busca avaliar a qualidade da água subterrânea e realizar a estimativa da ocorrência desses parâmetros por interpolação para a água de 15 poços tubulares, distribuídos ao longo da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Piauí no sul sergipano. Foram determinados os parâmetros de Condutividade Elétrica pelo método eletrométrico e os cátions Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ por cromatografia iônica. Observou-se na porção noroeste da bacia que a maioria das águas apresentam restrições quanto ao uso devido aos riscos de salinização e sodificação, especialmente no município de Simão Dias, apenas 20,0% das águas não apresentam nenhum risco, relacionadas as porções litorâneas da bacia. Espacialmente as regiões localizadas na porção centro-litorânea apresentam águas com melhores padrões de qualidade em relação a todas as variáveis estudadas, a aplicação da krigagem refletiu a influência da distribuição dos diferentes tipos de solo e condições climáticas. Tais resultados podem auxiliar na criação de planos de manejo mais eficientes que garantam uma melhor qualidade dos solos e da água utilizada para irrigação nessa região.
Atividade repelenticida frente Solenopsis invicta (Buren, 1972) e Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus, 1758) e docagem para larvicida frente Haematobia irritans (Linnaeus, 1758) do óleo de Astrocaryum acaule Mart
Authors: Botega Serra Gustavo , De Freitas Diógenes Larissa Saboia , Da Cunha Araújo Firmo Wellyson , Timoteo Soares Zilmar
Published: October 2024

O estudo avaliou as propriedades repelentes do óleo de Astrocaryum acaule contra formigas (Solenopsis invicta e Monomorium pharaonis) e a atividade larvicida contra as larvas Haematobia irritans, por docagem molecular. Frutos maduros de A. acaule foram coletados em Ananás, Tocantins. As amostras foram produzidas a partir da extração de álcool e óleo da polpa de A. acaule, seguida da fusão dos componentes para formar a solução repelente e analisada por cromatografia gasosa e espectrometria de massas, para identificação das substâncias. Foram realizados testes repelenticidas (S. invicta e M. pharaonis) e ensaios comparativos em placas de presunto de porco com repelente comercial e com o óleo de A. acaule. Testes genético e molecular em larvas de H. irritans foram realizadas para a determinação da ação dos princípios ativos do óleo de A.acaule a partir de simulações computadorizadas. O óleo de A. acaule apresentou maiores concentrações de princípios ativos, como dilapiol (45,1%) e icaridina (31,2%). A volatilização do óleo foi rápida, tanto à sombra (101 min) quanto ao sol (75 min). O teste genético e molecular indicou mudanças nos genes, principalmente devido a capacidade de alterações nos aminoácidos metionina e triptofano com o uso do óleo de A. acaule, sugerindo potencial para controle populacional. Os resultados sugerem que o repelente de A. acaule é uma opção promissora e eficaz para o controle de insetos, contribuindo para a saúde pública e o manejo de pragas agrícolas e urbanas, ressaltando a importância da pesquisa contínua para seu uso responsável e sustentável.
Physiologists as medical scientists: An early warning from the German academic system
Authors: Streckfuss‐Bömeke Katrin , Kränkel Nicolle , Maack Christoph , Schnabel Renate B. , Zelarayán Laura C. , Frey Norbert , Jezzard Peter , Krüger Martina , Lachmann Nico , Lutz Susanne , Noack Claudia , Schoger Eric , Schröder Katrin , Sommerfeld Laura C. , Steffens Sabine , Winkels Holger , Würtz Christina , Zeller Tanja , Rog‐Zielinska Eva A. , Kohl Peter
Published: October 2024

“Medical scientists” are postgraduate investigators who are engaged in biomedical research, and either hold a biomedical PhD or are qualified in medicine but do not participate in patient care. Medical scientists constitute ~40% of staff at medical faculties and >90% at nonuniversity medical research institutions in Germany. However, medical scientists in Germany face limited long‐term career prospects and a lack of dedicated training and support programmes. They also face time limits on their career progression arising from national academic employment legislation, and imminent reforms by the German government are likely to make this worse. Nevertheless, recent developments in the educational landscape including the introduction of increasingly focused MSc, pre‐PhD, and doctoral programmes to train medically aware basic scientists, as well as improved general recognition of the roles and relevance of medical scientists in health research, are encouraging. Physiologists have taken essential steps to improve the recognition of medical scientists in Germany by introducing a “specialist physiologist” qualification; this initiative could be applied to support medical scientists in other fields and countries. In this review, we describe the particular challenges facing medical scientists in Germany and make recommendations that may apply to other academic systems.
Exploring the impact of occupational exposure: A study on cardiovascular autonomic functions of male gas station attendants in Sri Lanka
Authors: Warnakulasuriya Tania , Medagoda Kushan , Kottahachchi Dulani , Luke Dunya , Wadasinghe Dilesha , Rathnayake Prasanna , Ariyawansa Janaki , Dissanayake Tharuka , Sandeepani Pavani , De Silva Deepthi C. , Devanarayana Niranga Manjuri
Published: October 2024

Fuel dispensing at fuel stations is performed manually by unprotected male gas station attendants in Sri Lanka, who have long working hours. These workers are exposed to hydrocarbon fuels associated with multiple health effects by modulation of the autonomic nervous system. This study was performed to determine cardiovascular autonomic functions among fuel pump attendants in Sri Lanka. Fuel pump attendants (n = 50) aged between 19 and 65 years were identified for the study from seven fuel stations. They were compared with age‐ and gender‐matched controls (n = 46) without occupational exposure to fuel. A physical examination was performed before the autonomic function and heart rate variability (HRV) assessment. There were no significant differences in weight, height, or BMI between the study and the control populations (p > 0.05). Both the systolic blood pressure (SBP) (Mann Whitney U (MWU) = 743.5, p = 0.003) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (MWU = 686.5, p = 0.001) were significantly higher among the gas station attendants compared to controls. Valsalva ratio was significantly higher among the study group (MW U = 874.00, p = 0.043) compared to controls. The HRV analysis showed significantly higher SDNN and SD2 (MWU = 842.00, p = 0.034, and MWU = 843.50, p = 0.035 respectively) among the gas station attendants compared to controls. The changes to the cardiovascular autonomic parameters among those exposed to fuel vapor as a gas station attendant indicate an increase in sympathetic outflow to the vessels. In the occupational setting as fuel pump attendants need periodic monitoring.
Simultaneous extraction and quantification of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants in Solanum lycopersicum L. varieties marketed in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aldholmi Mohammed , Aljishi Fatema , Althomali Ebtihal , Ahmad Rizwan , Amir Mohd , Almasbah Mohammed , Hago Salma
Published: October 2024

Several varieties of Solanum lycopersicum L. are consumed in Saudi Arabia, including the most expensive Ramis tomato, which is claimed to be rich in antioxidants. However, there is a lack of studies on the extraction and quantification of antioxidants in tomatoes marketed in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a straightforward method to extract and quantify phenolics and carotenoids in tomatoes consumed in Saudi Arabia. The developed method used glass coverslips for homogenisation and a methanol-petroleum ether mixture for extraction. In 15 investigated varieties, antioxidants were abundantly present in the skin part (2.0 ± 0.72 mg/g of phenolics and 229.50 ± 21.10 μg/g of carotenoids) compared to the pulp (0.67 ± 0.20 mg/g of phenolics and 107.70 ± 21.10 μg/g of carotenoids). Generally, the Saudi varieties contained higher amounts of antioxidants than the imported varieties. The antioxidant content of the Ramis cultivar depends on the cultivation location. For instance, Ramis Awjam shows high amounts of phenolics (2.72 mg/g in the skin extract and 0.63 mg/g in the pulp) and carotenoids (338.04–388.41 μg/g in the skin and 173.93–205.75 μg/g in the pulp). This study provides valuable insights that can assist in selecting the cultivar and location of tomatoes with the maximum antioxidant quantities.
Klein–Maskit combination theorem for Anosov subgroups: Amalgams
Authors: Dey Subhadip , Kapovich Michael
Published: October 2024

The classical Klein–Maskit combination theorems provide sufficient conditions to construct new Kleinian groups using old ones.
There are two distinct but closely related combination theorems: the first deals with amalgamated free products, whereas the second deals with HNN extensions.
This article gives analogs of both combination theorems for Anosov subgroups.
Editorial: 2024 Reviewer Thank Yous
Authors: Yesiller Nazli , Bell Kenneth R.
Published: October 2024

The individuals listed here provided reviews for the papers in Volume 47 of the Geotechnical Testing Journal (GTJ). The Co-Editors of GTJ, Dr. Nazli Yesiller and Dr. Kenneth Bell, express their appreciation to the reviewers for their diligence, assiduity, and professionalism in conducting the reviews. Detailed input and constructive criticism from the reviewers allow for maintaining the high quality of the journal. The time and efforts of the reviewers are acknowledged and greatly appreciated. Asif Ahmed Pavan Akula Ceren Aydin Jean Benoit Tejo Bheemasetti Riya Bhowmik Nripojyoti Biswas Ronald J. Breitmeyer Giuseppe Cardile Minsu Cha Jian-Nan Chen Abdellah Cherif Taiba Mehmet Cil Haluk Sinan Coban Pradeep Dammala Asli Dayioglu Bruno Delgado Yanjun Du Fawzy Ezzein Angela Farina Brian Freilich Wissem Frikha Syed Haider Mustafa Hatipoglu Kenan Hazirbaba Sam Helwany Ryan Hurley Kim Jenkins Yuyong Jiao Qingxu (Bill) Jin David Jones Sochan Jung Mohammad Sadik Khan Jamal Khatib Arash Khosravifar Tadahiro Kishida Poul Lade Mike Lanotte Stefan Larsson Seung Jae Lee E. C. Leong William Likos Cheng Lin Bret Lingwall Wenbo Lu Yunxing Lu Masrur Mahedi Ali Maher Kalehiwot Manahiloh Hossein Masoumi Amir Modarres Hem Motra Soonkie Nam Munir Nazzal Qife Niu Hyung Oh Paulo J. Venda Oliveira Marco Pasetto Anjan Patel Benjamin Rivers Hamed Sadeghi Sireesh Saride Luc Sibille Suresh Singh Fumio Tatsuoka Hirofumi Toyota Joseph Vantassel Euripedes Vargas, Jr. Castorina Vieira Jayan S. Vinod Clinton Wood Jing-Hong Wu Yang Xiao Bo Yang Irem Zeynep Yildirim Erol Yilmaz Xinbao Yu He Zhang Xiaobo Zhang Xuping Zhang Yang Zhang Honghua Zhao Yu Zhao
A Speedrun within a Rock Show
Authors: Lee Dickie
Published: October 2024

Bit Brigade is a five-piece band that combines hard-rock adaptations of classic-era Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) soundtracks with live speedruns of the game, performed in concert as a rock show. This article uses Bit Brigade as a case study to develop a conceptual model for multimedia analysis that investigates audiovisual integration in novel ways. The essay comes in four theoretical sections followed by a full analysis of Bit Brigade’s speedrun of The Legend of Zelda. The first section explores Johan Huizinga’s magic circle and Kofi Agawu’s region of play to describe types of semiotic play that involve the gamer, band, and audience at a show. The second and third sections focus on intertextuality and how adaptation and nostalgic recycling of the past yield meaning in this unique artform. The fourth segment unpacks intertextually enhanced agency and investigates audience immersion through the social act of performance. After developing this multi-part framework, the latter half of this article presents an analysis of Bit Brigade’s performance of The Legend of Zelda at MAGFest (2022), chosen because of the group’s unique musical and ludic approach to the game. Throughout, the goals of this study are to show how gaming performance parallels music making and to clarify the ways in which concepts associated with music theory can be reexamined through the study of video game performance art.
Status Quo of E-Cigarettes in Adolescents: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Somogyi Veronika , Erdősi Zoltán
Published: October 2024

Although marketed as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes still contain nicotine and other harmful chemicals that can negatively impact adolescent health. E-cigarette use by adolescents is associated with an increased risk of transitioning to smoking traditional cigarettes, as well as negative impacts on their overall wellbeing. Numerous factors contribute to the rise in e-cigarette use among adolescents. By acquiring a more profound comprehension of the concerns about e-cigarettes in young populations, researchers can formulate more efficacious preventative and intervention techniques to diminish e-cigarette consumption among adolescents and alleviate any health risks linked to their use.
La Biblia de 1268 del Archivo Episcopal de Vic
Authors: Escandell Proust Isabel
Published: October 2024

Anuario del Departamento de Historia y Teoría del Arte
La irrupción borgoñona en la escultura castellana de mediados del siglo XII
Authors: Senra Gabriel y Galán Jose Luis
Published: October 2024

Durante las décadas centrales del siglo XII se percibe en algunos monasterios castellano-leoneses la influencia de la emblemática abadía de Cluny. Esta influencia institucional, en un momento en que la monarquía relaja su apoyo a la casa francesa, coincide con la práctica conclusión de los trabajos en las grandes canterías borgoñonas. Dos monasterios castellanos tradicionales, San Salvador de Oña y San Pedro de Cardeña, son receptores directos de la expansión de aquellos talleres. A partir de este momento parece producirse la codificación de una serie de recursos y soluciones técnicas que, progresivamente diluidas, estarán presentes en buena parte de la escultura de la segunda mitad del siglo XII.
Los Premostratenses y su arquitectura: historia de un olvido
Authors: López de Guereño Sanz María Teresa
Published: October 2024

La Orden Premonstratense es una congregación religiosa, formada por canónigos regulares y fundada en el siglo XII por San Norberto. Quizás el hecho de que en España desapareciera, al menos sus monasterios masculinos, tras la Desamortización en 1835, ha provocado, entre otras causas, un desconocimiento general de la misma, ya sea en su historia como en la arquitectura de sus monasterios. Este trabajo persigue la revisión de la historiografía premonstratense, a fin de contar con la base que permita el análisis del significado que la Orden tuvo en la arquitectura monástica medieval española -con fundaciones como Retuerta, Aguilar de Campóo, Urdax y Bellpuig de las Avellanas- y diferenciar sus manifestaciones artísticas de las de sus hermanos cistercienses. Dado que la mayoría de los edificios premonstratenses conservados corresponden a fábricas románicas y góticas, en este artículo se ha dado prioridad a la bibliografía dedicada a los períodos alto y bajo medievales.
El verdadero Sacro Monte, de Granada a La Salceda: Don Pedro González de Mendoza, Obispo de Sigüenza, y el Monte Celia
Authors: Marías Franco Fernando
Published: October 2024

La historiografía española ha identificado normalmente el Sacromonte de Granada, en tomo al Colegio de San Cecilio, como el candidato más adecuado de contrapartida española de los sacromontes italianos. Sin embargo, ni sus funciones -más ideológicas que simplemente devocionales- ni su tipología apoyan tal identificación. Por contra, el hombre que torció el designio original de su fundador y detuvo su obra, como su sucesor en la sede de Granada, promovió en su nueva diócesis un nuevo y verdadero Sacromonte a la manera italiana y franciscana, uniendo la iconografía tradicional tardomedieval con la nueva contrarreformística. Desde este punto de vista, el humilde y aristocrático franciscano, su pensamiento, su patronazgo de las artes y su última fundación cobraron nuevo significado, como público testimonio de su profunda animosidad contra los moriscos y su apoyo a la expulsión real.
Manuel Pérez Tejero, Pintor de Cámara de Carlos IV
Authors: Morales y Marín José Luis
Published: October 2024

Anuario del Departamento de Historia y Teoría del Arte
Planimetría del cuartel español del siglo XIX
Authors: Sebastína Maestre José Antonio
Published: October 2024

El Cuartel en el siglo XIX irrumpió como una de las más importantes muestras de la arquitectura del momento, no sólo por la urgente necesidad de estos sino también por la creación y difusión de numerosos proyectos. Para demostrar este aspecto, se ha profundizado en el análisis de un vasto material procedente de las dos Comisiones de Ingenieros Militares más importantes convocadas en España durante los años 1847 y 1888; examen del que podemos deducir, que los estudios sobre "Cuarteles Tipos" realizados por estos comités estuvieron a la altura de los ofrecidos por los celebrados en el resto de los países europeos, habiendo entre todos ellos afinidad y similitud de criterios para elaborar un sistema de cuartel que satisfaga sin obstáculos las necesidades del alojamiento del ejército, y cumpla por completo las normas de la higiene y la salud. Esto puede observarse fácilmente en la extensa muestra de láminas que ofrecen los proyectos militares, los cuales permiten establecer una evolución en los sistemas y una diferenciación en los tipos de planta acorde con la función que han de cumplir y en conexión con una específica técnica constructiva y un concepto estético.
Almada Negreiros, de futurismo a personalismo
Authors: García Castellón Manuel
Published: October 2024

Anuario del Departamento de Historia y Teoría del Arte
Mies - Wright en dos tensas décadas de la arquitectura moderna española
Authors: Urrutia Núñez Ángel
Published: October 2024

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe y Frank Lloyd Wright han sido dos arquitectos muy influyentes en la arquitectura moderna universal. Sus obras, fundamentadas en filosofías diferentes, han representado dos maneras distintas de entender el mundo y de condicionar la vida del hombre. Algunos arquitectos españoles se sintieron influidos también por las obras de ambos, manifestando con sus propuestas enfrentadas una máxima tensión creciente durante las décadas de los años cincuenta y sesenta. Unos, tomando como referencia a Mies con el fin de hacer una arquitectura rigurosamente funcionalista, de alta tecnología y difusión rápida; otros, tomando como referencia a Wright con el fin de ofrecer una alternativa más organicista y humana, pero con menor fortuna.
La comunicación visual a través del arte (El placer del reconocimiento)
Authors: Fernández Polanco Aurora
Published: October 2024

Las imágenes de nuestra cultura visual cotidiana están teñidas de "artisticidad", pobladas de alusiones y tomas de citas que provienen de la Alta cultura. Esto hace que experimentemos habitualmente el "placer del reconocimiento". Ningún autor como Gombrich ha insistido tanto en lo que él denomina "caso de reconocimiento invertido", no de la realidad en un cuadro, sino de un cuadro en la realidad. Hoy que buena parte de la realidad está construida por imágenes y que los artistas han enriquecido notablemente nuestro "patrimonio visual" debemos preguntamos, desde nuestro "hábito crónico de contemplar", cuales son las condiciones de nuestra mirada, los nuevos modos de ver. Señalar la importancia del "dejá vu" en la comunicación publicitaria sabiéndola discurso contaminado y contaminante.
Reflexiones sobre una colección de pinturas de El Greco y la Gloria de Felipe II
Authors: Marías Franco Fernando
Published: October 2024

La colección de pinturas de El Greco que poseyó Agustín de Hierro, miembro del Consejo de Castilla en el reinado de Felipe IV, que alcanzó la cifra de 48, merece mayor atención de la que se le ha prestado. Este artículo se centra en el estudio del conjunto y su origen -en relación con el inventario de bienes de Jorge Manuel Theotocópuli de 1621- y en la investigación de algunos de los problemas que plantean algunas de sus obras, principalmente un autorretrato, retratos en miniatura y una pareja de tablas -hoy en la National Gallery of Art de Londres y Upton House- con la representación de "Felipe II en la gloria" y el "Prendimiento de Cristo".