bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Pain Indicators in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Nazari Roghieh , Pahlevan Sharif Saeed , Allen Kelly A , Sharif Nia Hamid , Yee Bit-Lian , Yaghoobzadeh Ameneh
Published: January 2019

Introduction: A consistent approach to pain assessment for patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) is a major difficulty for health practitioners due to some patients’ inability, to express their pain verbally. This study aimed to assess pain behaviors (PBs) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients at different levels of consciousness. Methods: This study used a repeated-measure, within-subject design with 35 patients admitted to an ICU. The data were collected through observations of nociceptive and non-nociceptive procedures, which were recorded through a 47-item behavior-rating checklist. The analyses were performed by SPSS ver.13 software. Results: The most frequently observed PBs during nociceptive procedures were facial expression levator contractions (65.7%), sudden eye openings (34.3%), frowning (31.4%), lip changes (31.4%), clear movement of extremities (57.1%), neck stiffness (42.9%), sighing (31.4%), and moaning (31.4%). The number of PBs exhibited by participants during nociceptive procedures was significantly higher than those observed before and 15 minutes after the procedures. Also, the number of exhibited PBs in patients during nociceptive procedures was significantly greater than that of exhibited PBs during the non-nociceptive procedure. The results showed a significant difference between different levels of consciousness and also between the numbers of exhibited PBs in participants with different levels of traumatic brain injury severity. Conclusion: The present study showed that most of the behaviors that have been observed during painful stimulation in patients with traumatic brain injury included facial expressions, sudden eye opening, frowning, lip changes, clear movements of extremities, neck stiffness, and sighing or moaning.
The Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Depression and Anxiety among Patients with Thalassemia: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mohamadian Fateme , Bagheri Maryam , Hashemi Maryam Sadat , Komeili Sani Hossein
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Thalassemia is a chronic hereditary anemia which can be associated with different psychological, emotional, and behavioral problems such as depression and anxiety. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on depression and anxiety of patients with thalassemia. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial study. A total of 76 patients were randomly allocated to an experimental (n=38) and a control group (n=38). Patients in the experimental group were provided with cognitive behavioral therapy while their counterparts in the control group received routine care services. Depression and anxiety assessments were performed four weeks before the intervention as well as four and six weeks after that. Between-group and within-group comparisons were performed through the independent-sample t-tests and the paired sample t-test, respectively Results: The post-test mean score of anxiety in the experimental group was significantly lower than that for the control group, while there was no significant difference between the groups regarding the post-test mean score of depression. The mean score of depression in both study groups decreased significantly. The rate of decrease in the experimental group was significantly greater than that in the control group. Conclusion: Cognitive behavioral therapy can be used to prevent or alleviate depression and anxiety among patients.
Comparison of the effect of hemihydrate calcium sulfate granules and Cerabone on dental socket preservation: An animal experiment
Authors: Sargolzaie Naser , Rafiee Mehrnaz , Salari Sedigh Hamideh , Zare Mahmoudabadi Reza , Keshavarz Hooman
Published: January 2019

Background. Early bone loss due to tooth extraction can be significantly reduced by socket preservation. The aim of this study was to compare the in vivo effects of hemihydrate calcium sulfate granules (an alloplastic material) and Cerabone (a bovine-derived xenograft) on socket preservation in dogs. Methods. Six male Mongrel dogs were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=3) for sacrificing and histological evaluation 4 and 8 weeks after a surgery. The second and third premolars on both sides of the lower jaw were extracted surgically. The sockets on one side were filled with Cerabone, and with calcium sulfate on the opposite side. In the slides, the ratio of the area of newly formed bone to the area of the entire cavity, and the ratio of the area of fibrous connective tissue to the area of the entire cavity were measured. The presence of inflammation was also examined. Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Sign test and McNemar test were used for statistical analyses (ɑ=0.05). Results. The means of new bone proportion were 11% and 8% for Cerabone and calcium sulfate, respectively (P=0.58). The means of connective tissue proportion were 29% and 33% for Cerabone and calcium sulfate, respectively (P=0.72). No inflammatory cells were observed in the Cerabone group, although 50% of the samples in the calcium sulfate group showed inflammation (P=0.50). Conclusion. The effects of calcium sulfate and Cerabone on socket preservation in dogs on bone formation, fibrous connective tissue and inflammation levels were not significantly different at 4- and 8-week postoperative intervals.
Effect of intracanal time of triple antibiotic paste on its removal from simulated immature roots using passive ultrasonic irrigation and XP-endo Finisher
Authors: Keskin Cangul , Güler Duygu Hazal , Sarıyılmaz Evren
Published: January 2019

Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different irrigation techniques in the removal of triple antibiotic paste (TAP), which was applied for 7, 21 or 90 days, from simulated root canals of immature teeth. Methods. The root canal spaces of 190 maxillary canine teeth were filled with TAP and randomly divided into a control and 3 experimental groups according to the intracanal medicament period (7, 21 or 90 days). Syringe irrigation (SI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and XP-endo Finisher (XP) were used for the removal of TAP (n=20). The amount of remaining medicament was calculated under a stereomicroscope using a 4-grade scoring system. Kruskal-Wallis H and Wilcoxon signedrank tests were used for statistical analyses (P<0.05). Results. The mean percentage of residual TAP was significantly greater in the SI group compared to PUI and XP at all the time intervals (P<0.05). Paste removal efficacy of PUI was not affected by the intracanal time of TAP (P>0.05), whereas the efficacy of SI and XP was significantly affected (P<0.05). No significant differences were detected between PUI and XP at 7- and 21-day intervals (P>0.05); however, at 90-day interval, PUI removed significantly greater amount of TAP than XP did (P<0.05). Conclusion. The time of the TAP in the root canal negatively affected the removal efficacy of the SI and XP-Endo Finisher; however, it did not affect the efficacy of the PUI.
Evaluation of dentinal tubule penetration depth and push-out bond strength of AH 26, BioRoot RCS, and MTA Plus root canal sealers in presence or absence of smear layer
Authors: Aktemur Türker Sevinç , Uzunoğlu Emel , Purali Nuhan
Published: January 2019

Background.This study compared the effect of smear layer on the penetration depth and push-out bond strength of various root canal sealers. Methods.A total of 90 extracted human mandibular premolars were assigned into 2 groups: smear layer preserved and smear layer removed. Then the roots were further divided into 3 subgroups according to the sealer tested: AH 26, BioRoot RCS and MTA Plus. Obturation was performed with gutta-percha and the relevant sealer was mixed with 0.1% rhodamine B. Three 1-mm-thick slices were obtained from the mid-third area of each root. Two slices were selected for the push-out test and the remaining slice was used to calculate the dentinal tubule penetration depth and percentage. Results.The retention of MTA Plus and BioRoot RCS was higher than that of AH 26 when the smear layer was preserved (P<0.05). BioRoot RCS showed the lowest penetration depth when the smear layer was removed (P<0.05). Conclusion.Dentinal tubule penetration of root canal sealers had a limited effect on their adhesion to root canal wall.
Association between Level of Vitamin D with Environmental and Bioelement Factors in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Noorazar Gholamreza , Mehdizadeh Gita , Ghaffari Aida , Dehbokri Nadia , Khodayari Mohammad Taghi , Ghaffary Saba
Published: January 2019

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral disorder. The exact pathophysiology of ADHD is not completely recognized. Previous studies have shown the role of different genetic and environmental factors in it. This study investigates the relationship between vitamin D and environmental factors in ADHD. Methods: In this study, 182 children from 2 to 18 years with confirmed ADHD were allocated in this cross-sectional study. Patients with a history of any chronic disease, anticonvulsants and corticosteroids consumption were excluded from the study. The ADHD severity was assessed by Conners’ parent scale test. The level of serum vitamin D, ferritin, iron, total iron binding capacity, zinc, magnesium, calcium and routine complete blood count (CBC) were measured. Results: Although the results showed a U shaped pattern between vitamin D levels and ADHD severity, the correlation between vitamin D level did not show any significant relation with ADHD symptoms severity (p=0.786). Our data showed significant relation between level of vitamin D and ferritin in patients with ADHD (p=0.003). The analysis demonstrates significant relation between vitamin D level and duration of daily TV watching in children with ADHD (p=0.002). Conclusion: The vitamin D supplementation may improve ADHD symptoms in patients with vitamin D deficiency. In addition, due to the proved effect of ferritin level in ADHD and significant relation with vitamin D level in this study, treatment of vitamin D deficiency is necessary in children with ADHD. Replacing TV watching by more outdoor activity may improve ADHD symptoms.
Synergistic Interaction of Fluconazole/Amphotericin B on Inhibition of Enzymes Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Candida Tropicalis
Authors: Khodavandi Alireza , Alizadeh Fahimeh , Jafarzadeh Mahsa
Published: January 2019

Background: Candidiasis has gained much attention in recent decades due to its increasing prevalence in immunocompromised patients. Usually, antifungals such as fluconazole and amphotricin B are used for treatment of candidiasis, but one of the major clinical problems is the emergence of antifungal resistance. Combination antifungal therapy is one of the most commonly used methods to alleviate the problem of antifungal resistance. Methods: The effect of fluconazole alone and in combination with amphotericin B on C. tropicalis isolates were performed using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) reference method. Eventually hypha formation, time kill study, proteinase and phospholipase activity and expression of PLB and SAP2 genes were carried out to investigate the enzymes inhibitory properties of antifungal tested against C. tropicalis. Results: Results showed the significant synergic effect of fluconazole in combination with amphotericin B in inhibiting the growth of C. tropicalis isolates, with fractional inhibitory concentration indices ranging from 0.06 to 0.5. The combination of fluconazole with amphotericin B reduced the number of yeast form and inhibited the yeast to hyphae transition in C. tropicalis. The antifungals tested were able to show the effect of down regulating expression of the selected genes significantly in fluconazole/amphotericin B ranging from 1.42- to 2.27-fold. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that the synergistic interaction of fluconazole/amphotericin B would be worth exploring for the management of candidiasis. In addition, PLB and SAP2 genes could be probable molecular targets in the synergistic interaction of fluconazole/amphotericin B in C. tropicalis.
Evaluating the Protective Effect of a Combination of Curcumin and Selenium-L-Methionine on Radiation Induced Dual Oxidase Upregulation
Authors: Amini Peyman , Rezapoor Saeed , Shabeeb Dheyauldeen , Eleojo Musa Ahmed , Najafi Masoud , Motevaseli Elahe
Published: January 2019

Background: Epidemiological studies have shown an increased incidence of heart diseases among survivors of Chernobyl disaster as well as Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb explosion. Similar results were observed for lung and left breast cancer patients. Experimental studies have proposed the chronic upregulation of some pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines. Recent studies have shown that upregulation of pro-oxidant enzymes play a key role in the development of late effects of ionizing radiation such as fibrosis. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Interleukin-13 (IL-13) are two important cytokines that have shown ability to induce production of free radicals through dual oxidases (Duox) i.e. Duox1 and Duox2. In this study, we aimed to detect the expression of IL-4 receptor-a1 (IL-4Ra1), IL-13 receptor-a2 (IL-13Ra2), Duox1 and Duox2 genes following irradiation of rat’s heart. In addition, we evaluated the possible role of the combination of curcumin and selenium-L-methionine on the regulation of these genes. Methods: Twenty rats were divided into 4 groups as follows; G1: control; G2: treatment with the combination of curcumin and selenium-L-methionine; G3: radiation; G4: radiation plus treatment with the combination of curcumin and selenium-L-methionine. Rats were sacrificed 10 weeks after irradiation for detecting the expression of IL-4Ra1, IL-13Ra2, Duox1 and Duox2. Results: Results showed that exposure to ionizing radiation caused upregulation of IL-4Ra1 by more than 4-fold as well as Duox1 and Duox2 by more than 5-fold. However, results showed no detectable expression for IL-13Ra2. Treatment with the combination of curcumin and selenium-L-methionine could attenuate the upregulation of all genes. Conclusion: This study has shown that exposing rat’s heart tissues to radiation leads to chronic upregulation of IL-4Ra1, Duox1 and Duox2 as well as pro-oxidant enzymes. Treatment with the combination of curcumin and selenium-L-methionine showed ability to attenuate the upregulation of these genes.
Physical Modeling of Stone Columns in Unsaturated Soil Deposits
Authors: Maghvan Sajjad Vaseghi , Imam Reza , McCartney John S.
Published: January 2019

This article focuses on evaluating the load–settlement response of circular footings on unsaturated soil layers improved with stone columns using 1-gravity (1-g) physical modeling experiments. The initial (preloading) conditions in the soil layers were varied by compaction to the same dry density but different initial degrees of saturation. An effective stress analysis calibrated using direct shear experiments was found to satisfactorily predict the measured bearing capacities of unimproved soil layers, considering a change in failure mode for soil specimens at certain initial degrees of saturation. As the bearing capacity of the unsaturated soil layers increased, the amount of improvement gained by incorporating stone columns decreased. Bulging deformations of the stone column exhibited a close relationship with the bearing capacity, with smaller amounts of bulging in soil layers with low initial degrees of saturation that also have high bearing capacity. The stress concentration ratio increases with increasing initial degree of saturation, indicating that stone columns carry a greater fraction of the applied footing stress for soil layers closer to saturated conditions.
Circuit Dysfunction inSOD1-ALSModel First Detected in Sensory Feedback Prior to Motor Neuron Degeneration Is Alleviated by BMP Signaling
Authors: Held Aaron , Major Paxton , Sahin Asli , Reenan Robert A. , Lipscombe Diane , Wharton Kristi A.
Published: January 2019

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease for which the origin and underlying cellular defects are not fully understood. Although motor neuron degeneration is the signature feature of ALS, it is not clear whether motor neurons or other cells of the motor circuit are the site of disease initiation. To better understand the contribution of multiple cell types in ALS, we made use of aDrosophila Sod1G85Rknock-in model, in which all cells harbor the disease allele. End-stagedSod1G85Ranimals of both sexes exhibit severe motor deficits with clear degeneration of motor neurons. Interestingly, earlier indSod1G85Rlarvae, motor function is also compromised, but their motor neurons exhibit only subtle morphological and electrophysiological changes that are unlikely to cause the observed decrease in locomotion. We analyzed the intact motor circuit and identified a defect in sensory feedback that likely accounts for the altered motor activity ofdSod1G85R. We found cell-autonomous activation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling in proprioceptor sensory neurons which are critical for the relay of the contractile status of muscles back to the central nerve cord, completely rescues early-stage motor defects and partially rescue late-stage motor function to extend lifespan. Identification of a defect in sensory feedback as a potential initiating event in ALS motor dysfunction, coupled with the ability of modified proprioceptors to alleviate such motor deficits, underscores the critical role that nonmotor neurons play in disease progression and highlights their potential as a site to identify early-stage ALS biomarkers and for therapeutic intervention.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAt diagnosis, many cellular processes are already disrupted in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patient. Identifying the initiating cellular events is critical for achieving an earlier diagnosis to slow or prevent disease progression. Our findings indicate that neurons relaying sensory information underlie early stage motor deficits in aDrosophilaknock-in model of ALS that best replicates gene dosage in familial ALS (fALS). Importantly, studies on intact motor circuits revealed defects in sensory feedback before evidence of motor neuron degeneration. These findings strengthen our understanding of how neural circuit dysfunctions lead to neurodegeneration and, coupled with our demonstration that the activation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling in proprioceptors alleviates both early and late motor dysfunction, underscores the importance of considering nonmotor neurons as therapeutic targets.
Os remanescentes do Partido de Representação Popular na ditadura civil-militar (1965-1979): análise do estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Bringhenti Taiane Fabiele , Amaral Giovanna Martelete , Cardoso Suliane Silva
Published: January 2019

Este artigo pretende investigar parte da elite política que permaneceu atuante durante o período de ditadura civil-militar no Brasil (1964-1985), a fim de observar como se deu a acomodação dos indivíduos que tiveram suas legendas extintas através do AI-2 em outubro de 1965. Desta forma, o objetivo principal será analisar os dados biográficos e os resultados eleitorais dos remanescentes do Partido de Representação Popular (PRP) que foram eleitos ou suplentes ao cargo de deputado estadual no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, nas legislaturas de 1966, 1970, 1974 e 1978. A abordagem metodológica será a quantitativa, com análise descritiva dos achados, mensurando sete variáveis (legislatura, filiação partidária - Arena e MDB -, total de cadeiras ocupadas pelos ex-PRP, total de votos recebidos pelos eleitos/suplentes, cidade natal, origem sócio-ocupacional e formação). Como resultado, observa-se que os remanescentes do PRP se filiaram em sua maioria na Arena, com uma projeção reduzida em comparação com o período de existência do partido, não sendo, a Assembleia legislativa do RS, um espaço profícuo para os remanescentes do PRP.
Coligações partidárias nas eleições proporcionais de Curitiba em 2016: Fragmentação, densidade eleitoral e financiamento
Authors: Maciel Ana Paula Brito , Leandro Breno Pacheco , Arias Ulisses Alves
Published: January 2019

O sistema eleitoral brasileiro permitia – até a criação de uma cláusula de barreira – a formação de coligações entre partidos políticos que poderia ser usada como estratégia para garantir o sucesso eleitoral, tanto em candidaturas do sistema majoritário quanto no proporcional. Buscamos analisar o quanto as coligações foram significativas nas eleições proporcionais do município de Curitiba, em 2016, qual foi Número Efetivo de Partidos (NEP) e taxa de fracionalização, para averiguar o nível de fragmentação, a partir de dados disponibilizados pelo Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE). Além disso, observamos o quanto o financiamento garantiu o sucesso eleitoral dos vereadores, utilizando banco de dados cedidos pelo Laboratório de Análise de Redes (LAR) da UFPR. Os resultados reiteram a teoria de que coligações e financiamento são fatores determinantes para a garantia do sucesso eleitoral, sendo o financiamento a forma individual de conseguir votos e a coligação a forma institucional.
Liszt’s problems, Bartók’s problems, my problems
Authors: Taruskin Richard
Published: January 2019

In his inaugural lecture to the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Béla Bartók proposed dividing the works of Liszt into two unequally valued portions: the valuable works that showed Liszt as an artistic innovator, and the undesirable ones that adopted a false “Hungarian” style that pleased unsophisticated listeners but corrupted their taste. In sum, he asserted a radical pseudo-aesthetic dichotomy in the interests of a political agenda. Only a dozen years later, Bartók’s own legacy was dichotomized in a very similar way by musicians and politicians, on both sides of the Cold War divide, who were acting according to a political agenda that no one even tried to disguise as aesthetic. The crypto-political pseudo-aesthetics of the twentieth century, whether practiced in the name of pure national traditions, in the name of social justice, or in the name of aesthetic autonomy, has corrupted both the production and the reception of art music and has played a part in its devaluation, all too evident in twenty-first-century society. The many errors of evaluation enumerated in this essay have contributed to that melancholy history.
“Il pleure dans mon coeur”: Verlaine, Debussy, Kodály
Authors: Komlós Katalin
Published: January 2019

The poetry of Paul Verlaine inspired several songs by Debussy. Il pleure dans mon coeur is no. 2 in the cycle Ariettes oubliées. The same poem is used as a motto for a short piano piece by Zoltán Kodály: no. 3 in the Seven Pieces for Piano, op. 11 (Esik a városban). The paper describes the madrigalesque word painting of Kodály’s composition on the one hand, and analyzes the modes of its melodic material on the other. In a broader context, the influence of French art (the music of Debussy in particular) on the artistic development of the young Kodály is discussed, as well as the two composers’ mutual estimation of each other.
Interactions between the environment, physical demands, and social engagement at an Aphasia Camp
Authors: Hoepner Jerry , Buhr Heather , Johnson Marquell , Sather Thomas , Clark Mary
Published: January 2019

Individuals with aphasia experience impairments in communication that can be exacerbated by environmental and task demands. This investigation examined the interaction between physical-demands, social-engagement, and environment. An interdisciplinary team, including speech language pathologists and a kinesiologist measured the activities of individuals with aphasia at the Chippewa Valley Aphasia Camp. Accelerometers were used to measure degree of physical exertion as an indication of physical demands. The Clinical Discourse Assessment (Damico, 1991), Measure of Participation in Conversation and Measure of Skill in Supported Conversation (Kagan et al., 2004), qualitative analyses, and investigator field notes served as indicators of social engagement. The International Classification of Disease Functioning (ICF) was used to code environmental factors, which either served as a facilitator or barrier to participation. Qualitative analyses indicate that the presence of physical environmental barriers and more strenuous physical exertion sometimes serve to decrease social engagement and exchange. However, partners who served as facilitators enabled participants to overcome high environmental and/or physical task demands to support successful social engagement and exchange. These analyses suggest that participants with aphasia can overcome physical environmental barriers and/or high physical task demands, given effective partner supports. This investigation contributes to a small body of research regarding the interaction between environmental demands and social communication among individuals with aphasia. Further, the investigation contributes empirical information about the environment and social communication context of a rustic Aphasia Camp.
Supporting adults with intellectual disabilities by protecting their footing in a challenging conversational task
Authors: Antaki Charles
Published: January 2019

One element of empowering vulnerable clients is to accord them conversational rights they are otherwise denied. The objective of this study was to identify the conversational practices used by staff supporting clients with intellectual disabilities in a linguistically demanding, but ostensibly empowering, task: taking control of a meeting. An analysis of Goffman's ‘production formats’ was used to identify how staff supported service-users in: nominating next speaker, asking questions, and evaluating answers, and moving to next speaker. Staff's support strategies ranged along a gradient, from those that most respected the service-user's footing as chair (by displays of low entitlement in suggestions, provision of candidate questions, speaking on behalf of the chair, and so on) to those that least did so (ultimately taking full control of the meeting). Without staff intervention, service-users with intellectual impairments struggle to meet the demands of chairing meetings. The practices identified here work to preserve the service-users’ entitlement to carry out a designated task, in appearance if not in reality.
Technopathien der Gliedmaßen bei Mastschweinen: Ursa chen, Entstehung und Tierschutzrelevanz
Authors: Ostner Franziska , Klein Sandrina , Zöls Susanne , Erhard Michael , Reese Sven , Ritzmann Mathias , Patzkéwitsch Dorian , Hergt Theresa
Published: January 2019

Ziel: Beurteilung verschiedener Bodentypen als mögliche Ursache für Entstehung und Ausprägung akzessorischer Bursen (AB) bei Mastschweinen und Evaluierung deren Tierschutzrelevanz. Material und Methoden: In neun konventionellen Mastbetrieben mit verschiedenen Bodensystemen (Vollspalten, PigPort, Schrägboden, Tiefstreu-Stroh) wurden bei Einstallung zur Mast und kurz vor der Schlachtung 1702 Mastschweine auf Vorliegen von AB untersucht und deren Ausprägung sowie die Beschaffenheit der Haut an diesen Stellen dokumentiert. An beiden Beurteilungszeitpunkten wurden zudem Einzeltiergewichte erfasst. Ergebnisse: Auf Vollspalten hatten kurz vor der Schlachtung 94,0 % der Tiere mindestens eine AB, in PigPort-Betrieben 87,6 %, auf Schrägboden 82,9 % und auf Stroh 50,3 %. Beim Vergleich beider Beurteilungszeitpunkte zeigten die Tiere auf Vollspalten den höchsten Anstieg der AB-Prävalenz, gefolgt von den Tieren im PigPort, auf Schrägboden und Stroh. Am Ende der Mast fanden sich bei Tieren der Vollspalten-Betriebe signifikant (p < 0,001) mehr AB pro Tier sowie ein signifikant (p < 0,001) höherer Anteil an AB höheren Schweregrads als bei den Tieren auf anderen Bodensystemen. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Die ermittelte hohe AB-Prävalenz stellt, unabhängig vom Vorhandensein von Schmerzen, ein Defizit hinsichtlich des Haltungssystems im Sinne einer Technopathie und damit ein tierschutzrelevantes Problem dar. Dies erfordert ein Handeln im Sinne des Tierwohls. Durch eine Reduzierung des Spaltenanteils in Mastbetrieben, wie es im PigPort und weitergehend beim Schrägboden der Fall ist, kann eine Verringerung des Auftretens und des Schweregrads von AB sowie eine Reduzierung der Bursenanzahl pro Tier erreicht werden. Die zusätz liche Bereitstellung einer weichen Liegefläche (z. B. mittels Stroh) ist eine weitere positive Maßnahme, die, soweit haltungstechnisch möglich, umgesetzt werden sollte.
FEATURES OF HIV EPIDEMIC SITUATION AMONG CHILDREN AND TEENAGERS OF THE FAR EASTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT
Authors: Bazykina E. A. , Trotsenko O. E. , Turkutyukov V. B. , Balakhontseva L. A. , Kotova V. O.
Published: January 2019

.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATION IN CONCEPTION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES ERADICATION
Authors: Kubar O. I. , Bichurina M. A. , Romanenkova N. I. , Rosaeva N. I. , Zheleznova N. V. , Lavrentieva I. N. , Antipova A. Yu. , Kanaeva O. I.
Published: January 2019

.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, ETIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND MODERN METHODS OF DETECTION OF PATHOGENS OF ACUTE INTESTINAL VIRAL INFECTIONS IN ORGANIZED GROUPS
Authors: Malyshev V. V. , Razumova D. V.
Published: January 2019

.
CLINICAL-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES IN SAINT PETERSBURG
Authors: Purgina D. S. , Lyalina L. V. , Rassohin V. V.
Published: January 2019

.
ON THE TIMELINESS OF VACCINATION IN CHILDREN’S OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT
Authors: Golubkova A. A. , Koltunova E. S. , Platonova T. A. , Olshvang O. Yu. , Zhilayeva I. V. , Abdulvalieva V. V.
Published: January 2019

.
ZIKA FEVER IN THE WORLD AND THE RISK OF ITS DISTRIBUTION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Khaitovich A. B. , Lukyanova M. E.
Published: January 2019

.
STUDY OF CYTOTOXIC AND ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF FUNGICIDAL SAPONIN TAUROSID Sx1 ON TRANSFORMED MAMMALIAN CELLS
Authors: Кirsanova M. A. , Krivorutchenko Yu. L. , Nossik D. N. , Lobach O. A.
Published: January 2019

.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SYNTHESIZED COMPOUNDS FROM DIFFERENT CLASSES OF CHEMICALS
Authors: Rogacheva E. V. , Kraeva L. A. , Khamdulaeva G. N. , Chelibanov V. P.
Published: January 2019

.
COMPARISON OF PHENOTYPIC AND MOLECULAR-GENETIC PROPERTIES OF THE STRAINS NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS WITH GENERALIZED FORMS OF MENINGOCOCCAL INFECTION AND CARRIERS
Authors: Martens E. A. , Sidorenko S. V. , Zhelezova L. I.
Published: January 2019

.
EXPERIENCE OF EXPANDED PRIMER SET USING FOR DETECTION OF THE PATHOGENIC POTENTIAL OF ESCHERICHIA COLI
Authors: Orishak E. A. , Kosyakova K. G. , Nilova L. Ju. , Kameneva O. A. , Listopadova A. P. , Novikova V. P. , Oganesyan E. G.
Published: January 2019

.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEASLES
Authors: Buntovskaia A. S. , Peleshok S. A. , Bolekhan V. N.
Published: January 2019

.
INTRATYPIC DIFFERENTIATION OF POLIOVIRUSES IN THE INTER-POLIO LABORATORY OF THE INSTITUT PASTEUR OF COTE D’IVOIRE IN 2002–2017: WHAT EVOLUTION?
Authors: Coulibaly F. , Adjogoua E. V. , Ouattara A. , Kadjo H. , Akran V. , Kouakou B. , Kra E. , Tieoulou L. , Kouadio H. , Guidy F.
Published: January 2019

.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF POLIOMYELITIS IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC FROM 2004 TO 2017 AND IMPLEMENTATION OF POLIOVIRUS ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEILLANCE IN BANGUI IN 2017
Authors: Doté J. , Mbelesso P. , Mazitchi A. , Manirakiza A. , Mbailao R. , Ndjapou S. , Sawadogo E. , Binza U. , Manengu C. , Gouandjika-Vasilache I.
Published: January 2019

.
DETECTION OF PARVOVIRUS INFECTION MARKERS IN RISK GROUPS
Authors: Khamitova I. V. , Antipova A. Yu. , Averyanova M. Yu. , Levkоvskyi A. E. , Ostankova Yu. V. , Semenov A. V. , Chukhlovin A. B. , Lavrentieva I. N.
Published: January 2019

.
SENSITIVITY OF 2018 KAZAKHSTAN INFLUENZA TYPE B VIRUSES TO ANTIVIRAL DRUGS
Authors: Lukmanova G. V. , Klivleyeva N. G. , Baimukhametova A. M. , Ongarbayeva N. S. , Kalkozhayeva M. K. , Baiseiit S. B. , Glebova T. I.
Published: January 2019

.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ADENOVIRAL INFECTION IN ST. PETERSBURG
Authors: Ovsyannikova I. V. , Korokoz L. S.
Published: January 2019

.
DISTRIBUTION OF ROTAVIRUS G-, P-, I-, AND E-GENOTYPES IN NIZHNY NOVGOROD, RUSSIA
Authors: Sashina T. A. , Morozova O. V. , Epifanova N. V. , Migunova T. A. , Polyakov N. A. , Novikova N. A.
Published: January 2019

.
FEATURES OF POPULATION IMMUNITY AGAINST MEASLES AND RUBELLA VIRUSES. WHY DO ADULTS SUFFER?
Authors: Smerdova M. A. , Toptygina A. P. , Naumova M. A. , Vladimirova N. P. , Mamaeva T. A.
Published: January 2019

.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HERPES VIRUS INFECTION AND INDICATORS OF OXIDATIVE STATUS OF TUMOR TISSUE IN GASTRIC CANCER
Authors: Zykova T. A. , Kit O. I. , Shevyakova E. A. , Bogomolova O. A. , Gevorkyan Yu. A. , Goroshinskaya I. A. , Kachesova P. S. , Nemashkalova L. A. , Chudilova A. V.
Published: January 2019

.
ETIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MALARIA AND PREVALENCE OF HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES IN PATIENTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF GUINEA
Authors: Levkovskyi A. E. , Lioznov D. A. , Diallo A. H. , Sow T. S. , Diallo H. K. , Dedkov V. G.
Published: January 2019

.
PATHOGENETIC TREATMENT OF SEVERE P. FALCIPARUM MALARIA: APPROACHES TO OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Tokmalayev A. K. , Chentsov V. B. , Chernyshev D. V. , Kozhevnikova G. M. , Polovinkina N. A.
Published: January 2019

.
YERSINIA PESTIS VOLE’S STRAINS: TAXONOMY, PHYLOGEOGRAPHY, POLYMORPHISMS OF PATHOGENICITY FACTORS AND SELECTIVE VIRULENCE
Authors: Anisimov A. P. , Krasil’nikova E. A. , Vagaiskaya A. S. , Solomentsev V. I. , Kopylov P. Kh. , Ivanov S. A. , Svetoch T. E. , Shaikhutdinova R. Z. , Kislichkina A. A. , Bogun A. G. , Dentovskaya S. V.
Published: January 2019

.
GENETIC DETERMINANTS CHARACTERISTIC FOR YERSINIA PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS STRAINS ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS WITH FAR-EAST SCARLETT-LIKE FEVER
Authors: Ermolaeva S. A. , Timchenko N. F. , Psareva E. A. , Adgamov R. R.
Published: January 2019

.
DYNAMICS OF MORBIDITY OF THE WEST NILE FEVER IN THE ASTRAKHAN REGION
Authors: Karpenko S. F. , Galimzyanov Kh. M. , Kantemirova B. I. , Arakelyan R. S. , Kurbangalieva A. R. , Shendo G. L.
Published: January 2019

.
ONCE UPON A TIME IN THE FAR EAST: ON THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE DISCOVERY OF “REAL PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS” AMONG HUMANS
Authors: Korolyuk A. M.
Published: January 2019

.
SIMPLIFYING NGS APPROACHES TO OPTIMIZE TRACING OF TRANSBORDER SPREAD OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Garcia de Viedma D.
Published: January 2019

.
GENOTYPES OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS ISOLATES FROM DIFFERENT ORGANS OF PATIENTS WITH GENERALIZED TB AND HIV-COINFECTION
Authors: Gerasimova A. A. , Vyazovaya A. A. , Mayskaya M. Yu. , Mokrousov I. V. , Narvskaya O. V.
Published: January 2019

.
CLICHES AND DOGMAS IN MOLECULAR TUBERCULOSIS RESEARCH
Authors: Mokrousov I.
Published: January 2019

.
LOOKING INSIDE THE FOREST: FROM CLASSICAL GENOTYPING OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS TO WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING IN HIGH MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE SETTINGS
Authors: Perdigão J.
Published: January 2019

.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS ISOLATES FROM CATTLE IN BULGARIA
Authors: Valcheva V. , Savova-Lalkovska T. , Dimitrova A. , Najdenski H. , Bonovska M.
Published: January 2019

.
INTERNATIONAL VALIDATION OF ANALYSIS PIPELINES FOR WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING DATA OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS ISOLATES
Authors: Van Soolingen D. , Jajou R. , Kohl T. , Walker T. , Niemann S. , De Neeling H. , Anthony R.
Published: January 2019

.
RNA-BASED DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Van den Bossche A. , Bhattacharyya R. , Coppee J. Y. , Rigouts L. , Baulard A. , Vodolazkaia A. , Hung D. , Mathys V. , Ceyssens P. J.
Published: January 2019

.
DRUG RESISTANCE IN MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS: FROM PHENOTYPIC MIC-ANALYSIS TO WGS FOR ROUTINE DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING
Authors: Werngren J.
Published: January 2019

.
MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS OF TUBERCULOSIS: CLINICAL ASPECTS AND CHALLENGES OF IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Zhuravlev V.
Published: January 2019

.
THE ANALYSIS OF TRANSMITTED HIV-1 VARIANTS AMONG ACUTELY INFECTED PEOPLE WHO INJECT DRUGS USING NGS APPROACH
Authors: Akulova E. , Dukhovlinova E. , Masharsky A. , Shevchenko A. , Verevochkin S. , Toussova O. , Vasileva A. , Zhou Sh. , Hoffman I. , Miller W. , Frishman D. , Montefiori D. , Swanstrom R. , Kozlov A. P.
Published: January 2019

.
DEVELOPMENT AND APPROBATION METHOD OF IDENTIFICATION MUTATIONS THE RESISTANCE OF THE HEPATITIS C VIRUS TO DIRECT-ACTING ANTIVIRAL AGENTS (DAAs)
Authors: Valutite D. E. , Ostankova Yu. V.
Published: January 2019

.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE HIV RESISTANCE ANALYSIS IN ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY
Authors: Valutite D. E. , Ostankova Yu. V.
Published: January 2019

.
HEPATITIS A PREVALENCE AMONG CHILDREN IN BOKE AND KINDIA PROVINCES (REPUBLIC OF GUINEA)
Authors: Esaulenko E. V. , Sukhoruk A. A. , Semenov A. V. , Ostankova Yu. V. , Boumbali S.
Published: January 2019

.
MOLECULAR-GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HEPATITIS B IN THE NANAYSKY DISTRICT OF THE KHABAROVSK TERRITORY
Authors: Kotova V. O. , Trotsenko O. E. , Balakhontseva L. A. , Ryazankina M. F. , Bazykina E. A.
Published: January 2019

.
CREATION OF THE IMMUNOFERMENTIC TEST SYSTEM FOR DETECTING C3 COMPLEX COMPONENT WITH THE USE OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN
Authors: Andina S. S. , Shmeleva E. A. , Vershinin A. E. , Kraeva L. A.
Published: January 2019

.
ANALYSIS OF TOXIN-NEUTRALIZING ACTIVITY OF MOUSE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AGAINST PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN OF BACILLUS ANTHRACIS
Authors: Zeninskaya N. A. , Ryabko A. K. , Maryin M. A. , Pinchuk A. S. , Muntian Ia. O. , Firstova V. V. , Shemyakin I. G.
Published: January 2019

.
POTENTIAL INFLUENCE OF IMMUNOMODULATORS ON THE PRODUCTION OF INTERFERON-GAMMA AND INTERLEUKIN-10 IN LABORATORY ANIMALS VACCINATED AGAINST PLAGUE
Authors: Goncharova A. Yu. , Kudryavtseva O. M. , Kurylina A. F. , Kozhevnikov V. A. , Shchukovskaya T. N. , Bugorkova S. A.
Published: January 2019

.
NEUTROPHIL/LYMPHOCYTE DISBALANCE AS A PREDICTOR OF VAGINITIS
Authors: Koretskaia N. A. , Golovatskii A. V. , Komarova E. A.
Published: January 2019

.
SONOCHEMICAL NANOSTRUCTURING OF ANTIBIOTICS IS A NEW APPROACH TO INCREASING THEIR EFFECTIVENESS AGAINST RESISTANT STRAINS
Authors: Kassirov I. S. , Ulasevich S. A. , Skorb E. V. , Koshel E. I.
Published: January 2019

.
MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF PATHOGENS OF PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS BACTERIAL INFECTIONS: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE
Authors: Kulichenko A. N. , Kovalev D. A.
Published: January 2019

.
THE DRUG RESISTANCE MUTATIONS OF THE HEPATITIS B VIRUS AMONG HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS
Authors: Ostankova Yu. V.
Published: January 2019

.
METABOLIC ACTIVITY OF PLANKTON IN COMPARISON WITH BIOFILM PHENOTYPE SOME MICROORGANISMS OF HUMAN MICROBIOTA
Authors: Bairamov I. T.
Published: January 2019

.
MICROBIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF THE RESISTANCE OF HOSPITAL BACTERIAL FLORA WITHIN THE SYSTEM OF PREVENTION OF HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS
Authors: Shestopalov N. V. , Gololobova T. V. , Fedorova L. S. , Serov A. A. , Ruleva A. I.
Published: January 2019

.
GENETIC VARIANTS OF RESISTANCE DETERMINANT TO SILVER IN EPIDEMIC STRAINS OF ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII
Authors: Solomennyi A. P. , Zubareva N. A.
Published: January 2019

.
Genomic Features for Therapeutic Insights of Chemotherapy-Resistant, Primary Mediastinal Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors and Comparison with Gonadal Counterpart
Authors: Necchi Andrea , Bratslavsky Gennady , Chung Jon , Millis Sherri , Gay Laurie M. , Ali Siraj M. , Ross Jeffrey S.
Published: January 2019

Primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (PMNSGCT) frequently become refractory to chemotherapy, and no effective salvage therapy exists. We performed genomic profiling on a series of 44 PMNSGCT and compared the results with those from chemorefractory, metastatic pure seminomatous (Sem, n = 22) and nonseminomatous (NS, n = 86) testicular germ cell tumors. Archival tissues were sequenced by a hybrid capture-based technology (FoundationONE; Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, MA). Microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutational burden (TMB, mutations [mut]/Mb) were determined.

Statistically significant differences in genomic alterations (GA) of PMNSGCT versus NS included higher TP53 pathway GA (p < .0001), PIK3CA pathway GA (p < .0001), and lower cell-cycle pathway GA (p = .0004). There were no MSI-high PMNSGCT cases. Mean TMB was similar between the groups, but there were more ≥10 mut/Mb in the PMNSGCT group versus NS (11.4% vs. 4.6%).

The GA identified in PMNSGCT were similar to the findings from NS, with differential opportunities for targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Further study of precision treatments appears warranted.
Reusing abandoned natural gas storage sites for compressed air energy storage
Authors: Amirlatifi Amin , Vahedifard Farshid , Degtyareva Maria , Turner Richard N , Sullivan Brian , Santra Ritabrata , Esposito Richard A
Published: January 2019

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of reusing uneconomical or abandoned natural gas storage (NGS) sites for compressed air energy storage (CAES) purposes. CAES is recognised as a viable means of high-capacity short- to mid-term energy storage. However, the widespread implementation of CAES is limited to geological and geographical settings and requires substantial infrastructure and capital investment. Utility-scale CAES requires a suitable trap that can contain compressed air without significant loss or leakage. Reusing of existing NGS systems and converting them into CAES can reduce the costs of exploration, geomechanical risk assessment and drilling into the trap, as well as the infrastructure cost, compressors and inter/after coolers. The cost, therefore, would be limited to acquirement of the site and installation of turbines, recuperators and transmission lines. The present study compares the net stacked benefit of converting NGS sites into CAES against that of conventional energy storage and development of CAES from the ground up. While site-specific economic analyses and technological viability are needed prior to large-scale implementation, results of this feasibility study suggest that reusing NGS sites for CAES has the potential to offer a cost-effective alternative for utility-scale energy storage.
Application of DIC analysis method to the study of failure initiation in gypsum rocks
Authors: Caselle C. , Umili G. , Bonetto S. , Ferrero A. M.
Published: January 2019

The measure of local strains of geomaterials under the application of an external load is significant to the study of mechanical properties of rocks. The application of image analysis methods (i.e. digital image correlation analysis) offers the possibility to have pointwise measures of local strains on the entire surface of the samples. Strain contributions in the different areas of the samples can be highlighted and diversified. In this study the methodology was tested on gypsum rock. Image analysis was conducted by means of Ncorr, an open-source two-dimensional digital image correlation Matlab software. The processing of consecutive images acquired during the execution of uniaxial compression tests allows for the identification of strain distributions and concentrations. The test was repeated for different angles of orientation of the anisotropy. If properly calibrated, the method may be used to highlight the influence of textural features of the rock materials, such as – in this case − anisotropy, on the mechanical behaviour. Features such as the localisation of the strain, the load thresholds that lead to the opening of the first microcracks and the way they reorganise to create the failure surface may be intensively investigated.
Moment–rotation response of post-tensioned self-centring beam–column connection
Authors: Abdollahzadeh Gholamreza , Asghari BarehKheil Nima , Torabipour Ahmadreza
Published: January 2019

In order to overcome common problems such as low stiffness, insufficient ductility and enormous residual displacements in beam–column connections, a steel beam–column connection equipped with high-strength strands was developed. These so-called post-tensioned (PT) steel connections consist of high-resistance strands passing parallel to the beam web and through drilled holes in the column flange and the top and bottom beam angles, which act as energy dissipation elements. The displacement and rotation of connections in earthquake events is a problem that can be avoided by a self-centring feature of steel PT connections. In this research, the cyclic response of PT beam–column steel connections with stiffeners connected to the top and bottom beam angles was investigated. Different stiffener geometries and thicknesses were examined and numerical models were simulated using Abaqus software. The results showed that installation of stiffeners on the top and bottom beam angles had a direct effect on the gap opening of the beam–column interface and reduced the relative rotation. Under large applied drifts, primary elements of the connection experienced large deformation and failure. Thus, by equipping angles with stiffeners, all of the induced stresses and damage will be concentrated in the stiffeners. In all the models equipped with stiffeners, the behaviour of beam reached the plastic phase and the minimum value of Mmax/Mpn was almost 1·1. Failure of the angles was also delayed and the primary elements of the connection (beam and column) remained undamaged.
Whiteness and non-racialism: White students' discourses of transformation at UCT
Authors: Urson R , Kessi S
Published: January 2019

Recent years have seen black university students in South Africa rallying against institutional racism and mobilising for systemic change in higher education, in response to the slow progress of transformation. Against this backdrop, little is known about white students' perceptions. In this paper, we examine white students' understandings of non-racialism and their roles in racial transformation. A Whiteness Studies framework was used to investigate how white students talk about transformation and race at the University of Cape Town (UCT), and what role these discourses play in transformation. Four focus groups were conducted in 2015 with 27 white UCT students from different programmes of study, and a discourse analysis incorporating Foucauldian principles was used to analyse these discussions. Three discursive sets of Old Order Whiteness, Defensive Rainbowism and a developing set of counter-discourses were identified, according to the influence that broader discourses used in constructing race and transformation had on white students' positioning. The use, interrogation and challenging of these discursive sets by participants demonstrates a discursive negotiation and fracturing within this sample group, with potential implications for non-racialism and the transformation process.
PAINÉIS DE ARGAMASSA ARMADA REFORÇADOS COM BAMBU (Bambusa vulgaris) VISANDO A UTILIZAÇÃO EM PEQUENAS CONSTRUÇÕES RURAIS
Authors: Damasceno Flavio Alves , Neves Cleive Leones , Oliveira Carlos Eduardo Alves , Da Silva Francine Damian , Guerra Lina Marcela
Published: January 2019

Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar as características físicas e mecânicas dos bambus (Bambusa vulgaris e Bambusa vulgaris vittata) com diferentes tratamentos térmicos e aplicá-los como reforço à placa de argamassa armada em substituição ao aço. Para isto, amostras de bambu foram selecionadas e retiradas de uma propriedade rural no município de Rondonópolis - MT. Foram realizados dois tratamentos térmicos (banho em água quente e banho quente-frio com óleo de cozinha usado). Testes foram realizados para determinação do índice de deteorização e teor de umidade do bambu com e sem os tratamentos. Posteriormente, com base nos resultados dos ensaios de tração e compressão do bambu, foram confeccionadas placas de argamassa armada com seis diferentes tipos de reforços. Com base nos resultados obtidos, observou-se que os tratamentos térmico e profilático, diminuíram o teor de umidade e a biodegradação do bambu. No que se refere às propriedades mecânicas, no ensaio de compressão simples, não houve melhoria significativa. Observou-se que nos testes de tração paralela às fibras do bambu e flexão das placas de argamassa armada, ocorreram aumentos satisfatórios nas resistências para as amostras utilizadas com os tratamentos.