bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El nuevo argumento de Penrose y la no-localidad de la conciencia
Authors: Herce Fernández Rubén
Published: July 2022

Roger Penrose formuló en 1989 un argumento contra la IA. Dicho argumento concluye que la explicación científico-matemática de la realidad es más amplia que la meramente computacional, porque existen ciertos aspectos de la realidad no-computables. Este artículo analiza dicho argumento y la discusión al respecto, para concluir que el tipo de argumento que quiere desarrollar Penrose está viciado de raíz, lo que impide llegar a las conclusiones deseadas. A la vez se sostiene la validez filosófica de sus conclusiones y se apunta a la idea de no-localidad como consistente al hablar sobre la conciencia.
Superando las «dos culturas». Retos filosóficos más allá de la dicotomía entre ciencia y cultura
Authors: Wagner Astrid
Published: July 2022

Hoy en día vivimos aún con el estereotipo de las dos culturas, con la idea de una cierta incomunicabilidad entre ciencias y humanidades, en términos más generales: entre la esfera de la ciencia y la de la cultura. Este artículo presenta una visión filosófica de la relación entre cultura y ciencia más allá de la tópica dicotomía, sosteniendo en cambio un enfoque en el que se concibe la ciencia como fenómeno cultural. Un recorrido histórico-sistemático por algunos hitos de la filosofía de la cultura y la filosofía de la ciencia muestra cómo las dos se compenetran entre sí y se influyen mutuamente. Poner el foco en las convergencias entre ambas permite identificar una serie de preocupaciones y retos compartidos que conciernen al campo de la epistemología en su conjunto: afrontar la complejidad de la condición epistémica y la vulnerabilidad cognitiva del ser humano; hacer frente a las posiciones más extremas tanto del relativismo como del fundamentalismo; y desarrollar un concepto de responsabilidad epistémica en los distintos ámbitos de conocimiento para contrarrestar la cultura de desconfianza y la percepción de nuestra época como era de la posverdad.
Mejoramiento humano y responsabilidad penal: nuevos retos en el tratamiento de la culpabilidad y la peligrosidad
Authors: Gómez Lanz Javier
Published: July 2022

El objeto de este análisis es examinar —naturalmente, de un modo introductorio— cuál puede ser la repercusión de los eventuales avances en los objetivos transhumanistas en el terreno de la responsabilidad criminal. A mi juicio, el análisis de las posibles consecuencias del transhumanismo en el dominio del Derecho penal afecta a dos ámbitos distintos: (i) en primer lugar, puede incidir en los factores que, hoy en día, vertebran la imputación de responsabilidad penal; (ii) por otro lado, es preciso abordar la repercusión que el transhumanismo podría tener ya no en el juicio de imputación de responsabilidad penal, sino en la determinación de las consecuencias asignadas a los responsables penales y en su proceso de ejecución. Como más adelante se verá, esta reflexión arroja hoy en día más preguntas que respuestas.
El dominio cartesiano de la naturaleza: Descartes y el desencantamiento del mundo
Authors: García Rodríguez Sergio
Published: July 2022

Este artículo analiza las estrategias utilizadas por Descartes para «desencantar el mundo», a fin de suprimir los elementos herméticos de las explicaciones científicas cartesianas y someter todos los fenómenos naturales a nuestro control. Para ello, apelo a la distinción entre elementos causales —cualidades ocultas— y sus efectos —efectos admirables— como las dos dimensiones que deben ser incorporadas bajo las explicaciones científicas para garantizar el cálculo de los fenómenos y su dominio.
El impenetrable silencio del corazón animal. A propósito de la concepción de los animales en la obra de Descartes
Authors: Raga Rosaleny Vicente
Published: July 2022

Tradicionalmente se le atribuye a Descartes la tesis del «animal-máquina». De acuerdo con ésta los animales carecen de capacidades cognitivas, emociones y, en general, de conciencia. Esta interpretación, que todavía sigue vigente, se apoya en los avances de la filosofía natural cartesiana, que rompió con la aristotélico-escolástica, de carácter cualitativo, proponiendo un modelo físico-matemático cuantitativo mucho más cercano al nuestro. Pero, la propuesta de Descartes en su vertiente fisiológica, que en el fondo supone una concepción del ser humano innovadora, dejaba muchas cosas por fuera: como la vida, la salud, o los fines de la conducta. Sin embargo, tales elementos reaparecen en su tratamiento terapéutico y moral de las pasiones, al considerar al sujeto como unión primitiva de mente y cuerpo. Dicha solución cartesiana también puede alcanzar a los animales que, concluiremos, no necesariamente son frías y desapasionadas máquinas.
Effective Classroom Management in English as a Foreign Language Classroom
Authors: Yasin Burhanuddin , Mustafa Faisal , Bina Ayu Mentari Sarani
Published: July 2022

Classroom management is an essential element of the teaching and learning process which determines the quality of instruction. This research aims to investigate the elements of classroom management which can be effectively applied in EFL classrooms. This study is a review research study, where the data were collected from 43 previously published materials, restricted to books, dissertations, and articles published in academic journal. The data were analysed using data condensation, data display and conclusion drawing. The results of this study show that there are three elements of classroom management, i.e. seating arrangements, engagement, and participation. The seating arrangement has three effective components including u-shaped, sitting in a group, and orderly row. Further, student engagement consists of cognitive, behavioural, academic, emotional, social, intellectual, physiological, affective and relational engagement approaches. Meanwhile, participation includes classroom talk, teacher talk, collaborative talk, exploratory talk, disputational talk, and learner-managed talk. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers utilize effective classroom management components based on the results of this study to improve the quality of instruction.
A model of factors influencing in-service teachers’ social network prestige in online peer assessment
Authors: Ma Ning , Du Lei , Lu Yao
Published: July 2022

The rise of teacher training in online interactive learning environments has contributed to teachers’ professional development and brought new vitality to the informatisation of education. Many researchers have reported that there is a participation gap in online interactive learning environments. Research on the factors influencing this is very important. Social network prestige, which measures the degree to which learners gain peer attention in directed social networks, is one of the important metrics to characterise the participation gap. In this study, we offered an online teacher training course, and 1438 in-service teachers from primary and secondary schools attended. Among them, we selected 457 in-service teachers who participated in the three peer assessment activities as the final participants. To analyse the factors influencing learners’ social network prestige in online peer assessment, we first conducted a partial least squares structural equation modelling analysis to construct a model of factors influencing social network prestige. Then, we adopted several semi-structured interviews to investigate learners' perspectives to provide an in-depth analysis of the factors influencing social network prestige. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the participation gap in online interactions and make effective suggestions on how to improve learning performance in online peer assessment.
Implications for practice or policy:

Course designers could improve the design of the introduction to peer assessment to motivate learners and enhance their acceptance of the activities.
Course designers could reduce participation gap by assigning work from low-prestige learners to high-prestige learners in a non-mandatory way later in the course.
To identify normovolemia in humans: The stroke volume response to passive leg raising vs. head‐down tilt
Authors: Sejersen Casper , Christiansen Till , Secher Niels H.
Published: July 2022

Volume responsiveness can be evaluated by tilting maneuvers such as head‐down tilt (HDT) and passive leg raising (PLR), but the two procedures use different references (HDT the supine position; PLR the semi‐recumbent position). We tested whether the two procedures identify “normovolemia” by evaluating the stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) responses and whether the peripheral perfusion index (PPI) derived from pulse oximetry provides similar information. In randomized order, 10 healthy men were exposed to both HDT and PLR, and evaluations were made also when the subjects fasted. Central cardiovascular variables were derived by pulse contour analysis and changes in central blood volume assessed by thoracic electrical admittance (TEA). During HDT, SV remained stable (fasted 110 ± 16 vs. 109 ± 16 ml; control 113 ± 16 vs. 111 ± 16 ml, p > 0.05) with no change in CO, TEA, PPI, or SV variation (SVV). In contrast during PLR, SV increased (fasted 108 ± 17 vs. 117 ± 17 ml; control 108 ± 18 vs. 117 ± 18 ml, p < 0.05) followed by an increase in TEA (p < 0.05) and CO increased when subjects fasted (6.7 ± 1.5 vs. 7.1 ± 1.5, p = 0.007) with no change in PPI or SVV. In conclusion, SV has a maximal value for rest in supine men, while PLR restores SV as CBV is reduced in a semi‐recumbent position and the procedure thereby makes healthy volunteers seem fluid responsive.
Evaluation of the cardiovascular risk in patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery: role of cardiac-specific biomarkers
Authors: Clerico Aldo , Zaninotto Martina , Aimo Alberto , Musetti Veronica , Perrone Marco , Padoan Andrea , Dittadi Ruggero , Sandri Maria Teresa , Bernardini Sergio , Sciacovelli Laura , Trenti Tommaso , Malloggi Lucia , Moretti Marco , Burgio Maria Aurora , Manno Massimiliano Luca , Migliardi Marco , Fortunato Antonio , Plebani Mario
Published: July 2022

Major adverse cardiovascular events are frequently observed in patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery during the peri-operative period. At this time, the possibility to predict cardiovascular events remains limited, despite the introduction of several algorithms to calculate the risk of adverse events, mainly death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) based on the clinical history, risk factors (sex, age, lipid profile, serum creatinine) and non-invasive cardiac exams (electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, stress tests). The cardiac-specific biomarkers natriuretic peptides (NPs) and cardiac troponins (cTn) have been proposed as additional tools for risk prediction in the peri-operative period, particularly for the identification of myocardial injury in patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery. The prognostic information from the measurement of BNP/NT-proBNP and hs-cTn is independent and complementary to other important indicators of risk, also including ECG and imaging techniques. Elevated levels of cardiac-specific biomarkers before surgery are associated with a markedly higher risk of MACE during the peri-operative period. BNP/NT-proBNP and hs-cTn should be measured in all patients during the clinical evaluation before surgery, particularly during intermediate- or high-risk surgery, in patients aged >65 years and/or with comorbidities. Several questions remain to be assessed in dedicated clinical studies, such as how to optimize the management of patients with raised cardiac specific biomarkers before surgery, and whether a strategy based on biomarker measurement improves patient outcomes and is cost-effective.
The physiological insight of Coenzyme-Q10 administration in preventing the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmia among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery
Authors: Wardhani Louisa Fadjri Kusuma , Dewi Ivana Purnama , Putra Kresna Nugraha Setia , Andrianto Andrianto , Soemantri Djoko
Published: July 2022

Reperfusion arrhythmia following cardiac surgery has long been studied as part of myocardial damage. Reperfusion injury is thought to be exacerbated by oxygen-free radicals, whereas arrhythmogenic oscillations in membrane potential are mediated by reactive oxygen. Coenzyme Q10 is a lipid-soluble antioxidant that inhibits lipid peroxidation in biological membranes and supplies ATP cell synthesis, required as the organism’s primary energy source. This process explains how Coenzyme Q10 helps stabilize membranes and avoids critical metabolite depletion that may relate to reperfusion arrhythmia. There is a reduction of iatrogenic Coenzyme Q10 after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). On the other hand, there is an increased inflammatory process and cellular demand post CABG procedure. It leads to ischemia that can be manifested as arrhythmia. Reperfusion arrhythmia was less common in patients who took Coenzyme Q10. These findings suggest that Coenzyme Q10 supplementation might help patients with heart surgery avoid reperfusion arrhythmia. However, a higher-quality randomized controlled study is needed to determine the effect of Coenzyme Q10 in preventing reperfusion arrhythmia in cardiac surgery patients.
In vivo knee kinematics of an innovative prosthesis design
Authors: Worlicek Michael , Schaumburger Jens , Springorum Robert , Maderbacher Guenther , Zeman Florian , Grifka Joachim , Baier Clemens
Published: July 2022

Up to 20% of patients after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are not satisfied with the result. Several designs of new implants try to rebuild natural knee kinematics. We hypothesized that an innovative implant design leads to better results concerning femoral rollback compared to an established implant design. For this pilot study, 21 patients were examined during TKA, receiving either an innovative (ATTUNETM Knee System (DePuy Inc.), n = 10) or an established (PFCTM (DePuy Inc.), n = 11) knee system. All patients underwent computer navigation. Knee kinematics was assessed after implantation. Outcome measure was anterior–posterior translation between femur and tibia. We were able to demonstrate a significantly higher femoral rollback in the innovative implant group (p < 0.001). The mean rollback of the innovative system was 11.00 mm (95%-confidence interval [CI], 10.77–11.24), of the established system 8.12 mm (95%-CI, 7.84–8.42). This study revealed a significantly increased lateral as well as medial femoral rollback of knees with the innovative prosthesis design. Our intraoperative finding needs to be confirmed using fluoroscopic or radiographic three-dimensional matching under full-weight-bearing conditions after complete recovery from surgery.
Protective effect of ghrelin on intestinal I/R injury in rats
Authors: Jiang Meng , Wan Shengxia , Dai Xiaoyong , Ye Youwen , Hua Wei , Ma Guoguang , Pang Xiufeng , Wang Huanhuan , Shi Bin
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to investigate whether ghrelin affected the autophagy and inflammatory response of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) by regulating the NOD2/Beclin-1 pathway in an intestinal ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury model. Twenty hours after implementing the intestinal I/R injury rat model, the small intestine and both lungs were collected for histological analysis. The morphological changes in the intestinal mucosa epithelium and lung tissues were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The activity of autophagic vacuoles and organ injury were evaluated using electron microscopy. The cytokine levels (IL-10 and TNF-α) in IEL cells and lung tissue were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RT-qPCR and western blot assays were conducted to check the NOD2, Beclin-1, and ATG16 levels. Ghrelin relieved the I/R-induced destruction of the intestinal mucosa epithelium and lung tissues. Moreover, ghrelin enhanced autophagy in the intestinal epithelium and lungs of I/R rats. In addition, the levels of autophagy-associated proteins (Beclin-1, ATG16, and NOD2) were higher in the ghrelin treatment group than in rats with I/R. Ghrelin reduced significantly the IL-10 and TNF-α levels. However, these changes were reversed by the NOD2 antagonist. In conclusion, ghrelin may relieve I/R-induced acute intestinal mucosal damage, autophagy disorder, and inflammatory response in IELs by regulating the NOD2/Beclin-1 pathway.
Concurrent aspergillosis and cystic pulmonary metastases in a patient with tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Su Hung-Chieh , Liao Che-Chi , Chen Chieh-Lung , Liao Wei Chih , Cheng Wen-Chien
Published: July 2022

Pulmonary Aspergillus infection may have a variety of manifestations depending on the patients’ immunity status and pre-existing lung conditions. Radiographically, aspergilloma, which is usually associated with noninvasive Aspergillus fumigatus conidia, may feature a characteristic mass in a cavity commonly located in the upper lobes of the lung. It is typically encountered upon pre-existing lung damage. Here we report Aspergillus growing in a pulmonary metastatic cavity in a 47-year-old male worker with a history of tongue cancer after a radical operation with neck dissection and concurrent chemotherapy in 2014. Chest radiography and computed tomography showed a cavitary lesion with a ball-in-hole lesion in the right upper lobe (RUL) and two cystic lesions within the bilateral upper lung field. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial biopsy (EBUS-TBB) from the RUL anterior segmental bronchus (RB3) revealed the presence of Aspergillus conidia and squamous cell carcinoma. Wedge resection of the cystic lesion within the left upper lobe confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. This is a rare case of aspergillosis within cavities of pulmonary metastases in a patient who was diagnosed with tongue squamous cell carcinoma. The conclusive distinction between neoplasm and fungal infection is difficult to achieve by radiography, and a pathological biopsy by EBUS-TBB is necessary to aid diagnosis. Clinicians should be aware of such an atypical presentation of metastases coexisting with Aspergillus infection.
Determination of prior austenite grain-and martensitic substructure size from metallographic etchings using a multi-step image processing algorithm
Authors: Hönigmann T. , Brandl D. , Stockinger M. , Gruber C. , Frois F. , Ressel G.
Published: July 2022

State-of-the-art modelling algorithms allowing for prediction of macroscopic properties of martensitic steels are primarily based on microstructural parameters such as prior austenite grain size as well as martensite packet-and block size distribution. The latter are usually obtainable via electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements. However, determination via light microscopy would present a more cost-effective determination method. This work presents a python-based multi-step image processing algorithm capable of separating the grain boundaries and the martensitic substructure from etched micrographs. Additionally, the viability of a characteristic mean free path parameter λ of the martensitic substructure for comparison of different martensitic microstructures is tested. To this end, a microstructure variation of PH15-5 was performed using different heat treatments and the specimens were analyzed using EBSD and electrolytically etched micrographs.
Interoceptive accuracy does not predict emotion perception in daily life
Authors: Pohl Anna , Dummel Sebastian , Bothur Mascha , Gerlach Alexander L.
Published: July 2022

Peripheral emotion theories suggest a crucial role of interoception for emotion perception, which in turn facilitates emotion regulation. Laboratory studies found positive relations between interoceptive accuracy and perceived emotion intensity and arousal. Studies in natural settings are largely missing, but seem important by virtue of emotional experience and regulation diversity.

On hundred seven participants underwent a cardiovascular interoceptive accuracy task. Afterwards, participants provided detailed information on perceived emotions and emotion regulation strategies in an ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Multilevel models were calculated. In consideration of valence, emotion intensity, arousal, intensity of body sensations and, emotion regulation success were modeled as a function of centered interoceptive accuracy.

Interoceptive accuracy did not predict any emotion perception criterion. Lower accuracy was related to a slightly stronger decrease of perceived arousal after regulation.

Differences in emotion categories, intensity, and sample collection might explain divergences to laboratory studies.
Alternative analytical methods for ibrutinib quantification in pharmaceutical formulation: A statistical comparison
Authors: Akbel Erten , Güngör Serdar , Bulduk İbrahim
Published: July 2022

Ibrutinib is a drug used for the treatment of marginal zone lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, lymphocytic leukemia, chronic graft, and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. A simple, sensitive, and fast liquid chromatographic and spectrophotometric method for the quantification of ibrutinib in pharmaceutical forms and bulk was developed and validated. The chromatographic technique was developed using an ODS 3 C 18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm) column. The mobile phase was a mixture of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in water and acetonitrile (50/50, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min−1. Eluent detection was carried out at a wavelength of 260 nm using a ultraviolet detector. The retention time of ibrutinib was found to be 5.27. On the other hand, Ibrutinib was determined using a spectrophotometric technique by measuring the absorbance of the solutions at a wavelength of 260 nm. The developed techniques were validated in accordance with the protocols outlined in International conference on harmonisation of technical requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human (ICH) guidelines Q2(R1). Correlation coefficients for both methods were greater than 0.999 in the concentration range of 5–30 mg·mL−1. The relative standard deviation values were low in intraday and interday precision tests. The accuracy of the developed techniques ranged 99.74–100.23% for the chromatographic method and 99.32–100.76% for the spectrophotometric method. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.90 and 2.80 µg·mL−1 for the chromatographic method and 1.10 and 3.20 µg·mL−1 for the spectrophotometric method. The developed and validated analytical methods can be safely used in quality control tests for the determination of the amount of ibrutinib in pharmaceutical products.
Prescription patterns and predictors of unmet pain relief in patients with difficult-to-treat osteoarthritis in the Nordics: analyses from the BISCUITS study
Authors: Arendt Nielsen Lars , Schepman Patricia , Hygge Blakeman Karin , Wilhelm Stefan , Robinson Rebecca , Beck Craig , Liseth Hansen Johan , Rolfson Ola
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Pain is the most important symptom in OA, driving medical care, disability, reduced functionality, and decreased quality of life. The objective of this study was to describe prescription patterns of difficult-to-treat OA and explore possible predictors of unmet pain relief in Nordic patients.

Methods

This observational cohort study included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of OA (index date) in specialty care in Sweden, Norway, Finland and Denmark between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2012 who were followed for up to 5 years. Four subgroups were pre-defined to characterize difficult-to-treat OA: (1) ≥2 chronic comorbidities in the 3-year pre-index period; (2) top 10% of healthcare resource users, 1-year post-index; (3) ≥3 types of prescription pain medications during pre-index period to first year post-index, with ≥30 days between types; (4) having a contraindication to a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Patient characteristics, prescription patterns and predictors of unmet pain relief (defined as persistent opioid use, using several types of opioids or long-term NSAID use) were analyzed.

Results

We identified 288,174 OA patients and the average age was 63.5 years at time of diagnosis and 58% of them were female. After 5 years, 35–50% of the patients defined as ‘difficult-to-treat’ had ≥1 prescription of opioids, compared to 20–25% of all OA patients (p-value <0.05). Comorbidities and disability pension were strong predictors of unmet pain relief (p-value <0.001).

Conclusions

This study shows a substantial use of pain medications (NSAID and opioids) in difficult-to-treat OA patients. These findings suggest that pain may be inadequately managed in a considerable number of patients with OA, particularly those with contraindications to an NSAID. A high comorbid and socioeconomic burden are relevant risk factors among patients who continue to use opioids for a long period of time.
Burden of disease and management of osteoarthritis and chronic low back pain: healthcare utilization and sick leave in Sweden, Norway, Finland and Denmark (BISCUITS): study design and patient characteristics of a real world data study
Authors: Hallberg Sara , Rolfson Ola , Karppinen Jaro , Schiøttz-Christensen Berit , Stubhaug Audun , Rivano Fischer Marcelo , Gerdle Björn , Toresson Grip Emilie , Gustavsson Anders , Robinson Rebecca L , Varenhorst Christoph , Schepman Patricia
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Osteoarthritis (OA) and chronic low back pain (CLBP) are common musculoskeletal disorders with substantial patient and societal burden. Nordic administrative registers offer a unique opportunity to study the impact of these conditions in the real-world setting. The Burden of Disease and Management of Osteoarthritis and Chronic Low Back Pain: Health Care Utilization and Sick Leave in Sweden, Norway, Finland and Denmark (BISCUITS) study was designed to study disease prevalence and the societal and economic burden in broad OA and CLBP populations.

Methods

Patients in Sweden, Norway, Finland and Denmark with diagnoses of OA or CLBP (low back pain record plus ≥2 pain relief prescriptions to indicate chronicity) were identified in specialty care, in primary care (Sweden and Finland) and in a quality-of-care register (Sweden). Matched controls were identified for the specialty care cohort. Longitudinal data were extracted on prevalence, treatment patterns, patient-reported outcomes, social and economic burden.

Results

Almost 1.4 million patients with OA and 0.4 million with CLBP were identified in specialty care, corresponding to a prevalence in the Nordic countries of 6.3 and 1.9%, respectively. The prevalence increased to 11–14% for OA and almost 6% for CLBP when adding patients identified in primary care. OA patients had a higher Elixhauser comorbidity index (0.66 vs. 0.46) and were using opioids (44.7 vs. 10.2%) or long-term nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) (20.9 vs. 4.5%) more than four times as often as compared to controls. The differences were even larger for CLBP patients compared to their controls (comorbidity index 0.89 vs. 0.39, opioid use 77.7 vs. 9.4%, and long-term NSAID use 37.2 vs. 4.8%).

Conclusions

The BISCUITS study offers an unprecedented, longitudinal healthcare data source to quantify the real-world burden of more than 1.8 million patients with OA or CLBP across four countries. In subsequent papers we aim to explore among others additional outcomes and subgroups of patients, primarily those patients who may benefit most from better healthcare management.
Asymptotic properties of duration-based VaR backtests
Authors: Malecka Marta
Published: July 2022

To increase the power of the VaR tests, it has been recently proposed to extend the duration-based test class with the geometric-VaR and Gini-coefficient-based tests.
These tests, though exhibiting outstanding power properties, have not gained recognition in the industry.
A potential reason is the absence of ready-to-use statistical distributions.
To remedy this, we inquire into the limiting properties of these tests and derive relevant asymptotic distributions.
We also provide a generalized geometric-VaR test and give its distribution.
Through the Monte Carlo study, we show the accuracy of our asymptotic procedures in finite samples, and we find these procedures to be relevant for the current Basel standards.
Our theoretical results are illustrated by the empirical study that includes data from the current COVID-19 crisis.
Modification of the Redlich-Kwong-Aungier Equation of State to Determine the Main Thermodynamic Parameters in the Pure Liquid CO2 Region
Authors:   National Aerospace University Kharkiv Aviation Institute, Vorobieva Hanna S.
Published: July 2022

The most important parameters for determining the state of real gas and the thermodynamic properties of the working fluid in a pure liquid region are pressure, specific volume, enthalpy and entropy. The paper presents a modified Redlich-Kwong-Aungier equation of state for determining pressure, specific volume, enthalpy and entropy in the pure liquid phase of real gas. CO2 was selected as the studied working fluid. When solving this problem, the author identified the main parameters of liquid carbon dioxide thermo-dynamics with the least error in comparison with experimental data in a wide range from 220 K to 300 K. It is possible to calculate pressure, specific volume, density, enthalpy and entropy of liquid CO2 with the help of the proposed method, for which the initial data are temperature, density, critical properties, molar mass and acentric factor of the working fluid. In particular, a modified Redlich-Kwong-Aungier equation is used to calculate the pressure of the working fluid. The author proposes a correlation equation of the scale correction, which is used in the Redlich-Kwong-Aungier equation for CO2 in the region of pure liquid phase. The results obtained for the pressure, enthalpy and entropy of liquid CO2 showed good agreement with the basic values, which provides the application of the proposed method in the field of pure liquid CO2, limited by the temperature range from 220 K to 300 K. The simplicity of the equation of state and the small number of empirical coefficients allows to use this method to solve practical problems of computational gas dynamics without spending a lot of time on calculations.
A Quality Improvement Approach to Enhance LGBTQ+ Inclusivity in Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: McKinnish Tyler , Hunt Candice , Weinberg Steven , Perry Martha , Seashore Carl , Gold Stuart , Vander Schaaf Emily B.
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) teens are at higher risk of illness as a result of bias but are less likely than peers to attend well visits. Medical organizations recommend improving care through staff education, visual cues, and routine inquiry of sexual orientation and gender identity (SO/GI) and pronouns. It is unknown how to do this confidentially in pediatrics. This quality improvement (QI) project aimed to confidentially collect and document SO/GI and pronouns early in at least 90% of teen acute care visits.

METHODS

A diverse, representative QI team in a resident primary care clinic conducted a series of staff and clinician trainings to improve knowledge, then displayed welcoming signage and offered staff pronoun and rainbow pins. Multiple Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles developed methods of routine and private collection of SO/GI and pronouns. Outcome measures included proportion of teen acute visits with such documentation collected via weekly chart reviews. Process measures included staff/clinician preparedness, assessed by surveys.

RESULTS

SO/GI and pronouns were documented in 0% of teen acute visits at baseline, 70% after 6 months, and 90% during the 20-week sustainment measurement phase. The proportion of staff and clinicians who felt prepared to provide care for LGB and transgender patients increased (53% to 68% for LGB, P = .07; and 30% to 57% for transgender, P = .002).

CONCLUSIONS

QI methods can create protocols for confidential, sustainable SO/GI and pronoun collection from teens early in acute visits. This allows clinicians and staff to address patients appropriately and for clinicians to better meet their needs.
processo de (des)humanização em Guimarães Rosa e Mia Couto
Authors: Lazzaretti Jildonei
Published: July 2022

Este texto consiste em uma análise comparativa entre os contos Conversa de bois, de João Guimarães Rosa, e O dia em que explodiu Mabata-bata, de Mia Couto, a fim de identificar os processos de desumanização aos quais estão submetidas as duas crianças dessas narrativas; e posteriormente, os processos de humanização que são desencadeados por meio da ação dos bois presentes nos dois contos. Essa análise fundamenta-se nas concepções teóricas de Ernest Fischer e Antonio Candido sobre a função humanizadora da arte, de modo geral, e da literatura, de forma mais específica; como também baseia-se no pensamento de Benjamin Abdala Júnior sobre a existência de um macrossistema literário constituído pelas literaturas de língua portuguesa. Deste modo, a presente análise constata, nos dois contos, a existência de uma relação tríade entre homens, crianças e bois, que condiciona os processos de desumanização, e suas consequentes ações humanizadoras.
Palavras-chave: Literatura; humanização; desumanização; Guimarães Rosa; Mia Couto.
Palavras-chave: Literatura; humanização; desumanização; Guimarães Rosa; Mia Couto.
Computational fluid dynamics performance evaluation of grooved fins for surfboards
Authors: Elshahomi Alhoush , Kosasih Buyung , Barnsley Grant , Beirne Stephen , Forsyth James , Steele Julie R. , in het Panhuis Marc
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we used computational fluid dynamics simulation (ANSYS CFX) to compare the performance of surfboard fins with grooves (and a bumpy-leading edge) to conventional surfboard fins. The simulations predicted the performance of each type of fins in terms of hydrodynamic forces and their behavior for angles of attack up to 45 degrees. Our results indicated that the pressure contours around fins with grooves (and bumpy-leading edge) were lower compared to pressure contours around conventional fins. The grooved fins exhibited a 13 ± 1% reduction in drag (coupled with a much smaller reduction in lift) at the stall angle, contributing to an overall 11 ± 1% improvement in the lift-to-drag ratio compared to conventional fins.

Graphical abstract
Madhhab Negotiation, Education Transformation and Conflict Resolution in Conveying the Sermon of Tablighi Jamaat in Southeast Asia
Authors: Hamdi Saipul , Nurjannah Siti , Nasrullah Arif , Zuarnum Linda Sari
Published: July 2022

The article aims to understand the phenomena of practicing madhhab in the Tablighi Jamaat (TJ) community in Southeast Asia, particularly in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The article also investigates the madhhab negotiation between TJ members and local people where the dawah occurs in a specific context. The article also looks at changes in religious educational program developed by TJ members that tend to be informal religious education. The majority of informal religious education surrounding TJ communities is tahfiz school (memorizing the Quran). TJ members are more interested in sending their children to tahfiz school than informal school and later become Islamic priests (kyai). They are not interested to semade their children take the university level. Besides, the article also concerns exploring another role of TJ in a socio-political context where they become facilitators to overcome the Pattani Muslim conflict with the Thai government. This research was conducted for a year in 2017-2018 (March 2017-April 2018) in three countries using ethnography approach during the process of collecting data by directly involved in Tablighi Jamaat activities. The mothed of collecting data used in this research was qualitative with observative participative technique, deep interview, and documentation. The result of the research shows that Jamaah Tabligh was successful negotiating the madhhab they believe to Muslim community with different Islamic point of view. Moreover, the shifting of education orientation was emerging in TJ community, the focus was on religious exegesis without paying attention on another aspect of education for their children. Parents of TJ have pride to be called a father of a hafiz than a doctor. Another finding was Jamaah Tablig have prominent role as a reconciliatory in Pattani, South Thailand that they earned trust from Thailand Government. Amid the deadlock of reconciliation of local Muslim who want to separate from the state of Thailand with regression that created violence, bombing and arresting the activist, Jamaah tablig was there as their guarantor.
Teaching Chinese Characters to Second Language Learners
Authors: Ésik Szandra
Published: July 2022

China’s economic and military developments, as well as its political and cultural dominance contribute to its powerful global influence. It is no surprise, therefore, that a growing number of foreigners choose to learn Chinese as a second language. The increasing popularity of the Chinese language indicates that there is a constant need for new research on effective teaching methods.Chinese characters are an integral part of teaching and learning the Chinese language. However, since the Chinese writing system is so unique, it is also one of the most challenging part of the language. Scholars have long been interested in systemizing Chinese characters and finding the most effective ways of teaching. Despite a multitude of previous research, there is still no complete agreement among scholars on many aspects of Chinese characters.This paper examines various proposals on enhancing the teaching of Chinese characters. First, we will examine some universal questions that are related to every language: the connection between reading and writing and the difference between the process of learning to read and write in different writing systems. Finally, our discussion will be narrowed down to the Chinese language and the following more specific questions will be answered: Should foreign learners learn to read and write Chinese characters? Will Chinese characters eventually disappear? Simplified or traditional characters should be taught? Through the investigation and evaluation of several previous studies concerning the theory of teaching Chinese writing and reading, the second part aims to contribute to the Hanzi pedagogy.
Modal Markers in Chinese E-mails Produced by Students of Learning Chinese as Foreign Language
Authors: Lili Yang
Published: July 2022

The present study attempts to investigate the difference of the use of modal markers in the Chinese e-mails by students of CFL (Learning Chinese as Foreign Language) at different proficiency Chinese levels. 35 CFL from the department of the School of Chinese Language and Literature, SooChow University, were divided into two groups according to their Chinese proficiency. The politeness of participants’ performance was evaluated based on two aspects: modal expressions and whole appropriateness. They were asked to write 8 e-mails on the topics provided, including two discourse styles (formal-informal) and four speech acts (suggestions, invitations, refusals, requests). Quantitative analysis revealed the differences between the two groups in the usage of modal expressions in e-mails, so as to distinguish the pragmatic awareness and pragmatic knowledge of Chinese foreign language learners at the different proficiency levels.
A study on Investment of Korean Enterprises in Indonesia and Economic Cooperation for Investment between Korea and Indonesia
Authors:   Korea Association for International Commerce and Information, Kim Hee-Jun
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate about the investment environment in Indonesia and analyze a actual investment condition of Korean enterprises in Indonesia and seek a economic cooperation for Investment between Korea and Indonesia.
First, Indonesia's investment environment is divided into positive and negative aspects. Next, the result of analyzing the actual investment situation shows several characteristics. In other words, there are preponderance to manufacturing industry, small-scale investment by small and medium-sized enterprises, preference for joint ventures rather than wholly-owned subsidiary and newly-established corporation rather than M&A of local companies. restricted purpose of investment. Therefore, switchover of industry to service fields, large-scale investment to target the Indonesian domestic market, the promotion of wholly-owned subsidiary investment, and utilization of core competencies of existing companies through M&A can be suggested as alternatives.
The economic cooperation measures between Korea and Indonesia for investment shall be manufacturing investment cooperation, use of the public-private partnership(PPP) system, infrastructure development demand and government-private partnership projects, establishment of institutional foundations and conditions, investment-related procedures and information sharing, official development assistance(ODA) support and other economic cooperation for investments.
A Study on the Formation of Global Digital Trade Rules and the Role of Asia-Pacific Regional Trade Agreements Using TAPED
Authors:   Korea Association for International Commerce and Information, Kwak Dongchul
Published: July 2022

As digital trade negotiations have been stalemated at the multilateral level, major countries started to utilize regional trade agreements to establish new and innovative trade rules in the digital era. Using ‘Trade Agreements Provisions on Electronic-commerce and Data (TAPED)’, this paper finds out that the Asia-Pacific (AP) region plays a positive and leading role in shaping global digital trade rules. In each five categories, such as ‘General and Dispute Settlement’, ‘Digital Trade Facilitation’, ‘Digital Trade Regulatory Frameworks and Digital Trust Policies’, ‘Reducing Digital Trade Barriers’, ‘Innovative Technology, Digital Development and Inclusion, and Institutional Coordination’, AP regional trade agreements contain more diverse rules and superior in quantity to American or European ones. The AP region, which was marginalized in the process of shaping traditional trade rules, now leads global negotiations on the new trade agenda. To see a new global trade regime in the digital era, it is crucial to keep a close eye on Asia-Pacific.
A Study on Digital Trade from RCEP to CPTPP and onto Global Convergence
Authors:   Korea Association for International Commerce and Information, Park Sungbin , Bae Sungho
Published: July 2022

The fourth industrial revolution is driving a sharp increase in volumes of digital trade and reshaping the global value chain order around Asia and China. Despite efforts by the WTO to achieve a global regulation on e-commerce, a complete agreement in its key topics is yet to occur. In the meantime, the US, EU, and China have offered models for data sovereignty in their trade agreements. With China as a signatory member in the RCEP and currently applying for the CPTPP, these developments may impact WTO in concluding the JSI. This paper seeks to review the three models of data sovereignty, analyze the e-commerce chapters of RCEP and CPTPP, and provide implications on the digital trade regulations for global convergence under the WTO.
A Study on the Effect of Purchasing Experience Factors of Chinese B2C E-Commerce Consumers on Repurchase Intention: Focusing on the S-O-R Model
Authors:   Korea Association for International Commerce and Information, Kim Changbong , Liu Xintong , Lee Dongjun
Published: July 2022

With the recent development of B2C global e-commerce and the development of IT technology, global e-commerce platforms have emerged. Through this, the development of the cross-border trade environment was promoted, and opportunities for corporate globalization in the production and sales of products and services were rapidly increased.
This study was theoretically based on S-O-R (stimulus-organism-response). Here, the purchasing experience involved in using B2C e-commerce is looked at from three perspectives: convenience experience, product quality experience, and logistics service experience. The subjects of this study are consumers in Shandong, China who have experience using Alibaba, Jingdong and in order to collect appropriate data, the 山东省电子商务协会, 山东省跨境电子商务协会, 山东省电子商务促进会, 山东省电商研究中心 were mainly referred to.
For the empirical analysis of this study, descriptive statistical analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were performed through SPSS 26.0 statistics. As a result of the analysis, it is possible to verify the significant effect of purchase experience on repurchase intention through customer satisfaction when purchasing products on a B2C global platform.
An empirical study on the relationship between frequency of request for FTA verification of origin and internal factors of exporting firms
Authors:   Korea Association for International Commerce and Information, Hwang Su-Jung , Jeon Dong-Hwa
Published: July 2022

The increase of the FTA concluded increased the share of trade, but also increased the demand for verification of origin. The verification of origin is conducted for the purpose of prevention of bypass import of third domestic products and prevention of customs tariffs on exported goods. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the FTA support of the management team, the export experience of the professional manpower, the operation and education of the departments of origin, and the frequency of requesting the verification of origin. A total of 384 questionnaires were used for empirical analysis. The experience of exporting the skilled workforce and the operation and education of the departments responsible for the origin are determined to have a negative impact on the frequency of request for origin verification, and both hypotheses were adopted. However, the FTA support of the management and the ability to prepare for origin verification did not affect the frequency of request for country of origin verification, and both hypotheses were rejected.
An Analysis of the Effects of Environmental and Pandemic Risks and Trade Policies on the Global Value Chain
Authors:   Korea Association for International Commerce and Information, Yun Sungjong
Published: July 2022

This paper analyzes the impact and interaction of environmental and pandemic risks and trade policies on GVCs through literature research, and examines policy implications for this. Just as the impact of environmental and pandemic risks and trade policies on GVCs increases, so does the impact of GVCs on environmental and pandemic risks and trade policies. However, environmental and pandemic risks and trade policies belong to human-generated sources and mechanisms, and if handled well, can be better controlled internally and externally. On the other hand, if these risks and the negative effects of trade policies are not reduced through appropriate measures, the benefits provided by GVCs may also be at risk. Preventive measures against risks help reduce the cost of coping with growing risks. Only international cooperation, reciprocity and transparency can reduce uncontrolled climate change, pandemics and unilateral trade policies.