bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERILAKU RANGKAK SUSUT TERHADAP LENDUTAN STRUKTUR JEMBATAN BENTANG PANJANG
Authors: Praja Baskoro Abdi , Triwiyono Andreas
Published: February 2017

Jembatan Lemah Ireng 1 pada ruas jalan Tol Semarang-Bawen terbuat dari beton prategang dengan panjang total 879 m. Pada masa konstruksi dua perbedaan kondisi teknik terhadap rencana, yakni perubahan material pasir dan perubahan perpindahan traveler. Keduanya diduga sebagai penyebab perbedaan elevasi desain dengan elevasi aktual sehingga dilakukan levelling aspal dengan tebal bervariasi. Jembatan ini didesain untuk memenuhi masa layan 100 tahun namun berdasarkan kondisi aktual, diperlukan peninjauan terhadap perilaku dan kuat layan jembatan hingga umur rencana. Dengan pengaruh variasi pembebanan jangka panjang (rangkak susut) dan kondisi perubahan teknis akibat penambahan aspal, penelitian rangkak susut ini perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui perilaku lendutan pada gelagar boks jembatan hingga umur rencana. Beberapa tahapan pembebanan yang dilakukan adalah menerapkan beban levelling aspal, dan beban rangkak dan susut dengan menggunakan variasi durasi jangka panjang dengan interval 5, 10 , 15, 20, 40, 60, 80 dan 100 tahun. Analisis dilakukan secara linear statik serta memanfaatkan fasilitas Construction Stage Analysis untuk efek time-dependent pada software Midas Civil 2011. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan hanya meninjau aksi tetap. Perilaku rangkak susut jembatan cukup signifikan di 5 tahun pertama setelah konstruksi selesai. Lendutan maksimum rangkak susut dan total berada di bentang terpanjang (P4-P5)  masing-masing sebesar 17,53 dan 25,71 cm. Lendutan yang terjadi hingga umur rencana 100 tahun masih dalam batas izin, namun tetap perlu pengawasan yang terencana. Dampak minimum rangkak susut terhadap total lendutan pada jembatan Lemah Ireng 1 sebesar 45%. Hal ini menunjukkan rangkak susut terhadap defleksi total hingga umur rencana merupakan efek jangka panjang yang relatif besar.
DIAGRAM INTERAKSI PERANCANGAN KOLOM DENGAN TULANGAN PADA EMPAT SISI BERDASARKAN SNI 2847:2013 DAN ACI 318M-11
Authors: Arfiadi Yoyong
Published: February 2017

Dalam tulisan ini dibahas perancangan kolom yang disesuaikan dengan SNI 2847:2013 dan ACI 318M-11. Untuk keperluan praktis, dikembangkan diagram-diagram sebagai alat bantu perancangan. Kolom yang ditinjau adalah kolom empat persegi panjang dengan tulangan pada keempat sisinya, di mana masing-masing sisi mempunyai luas tulangan yang sama. Dalam penurunan rumus-rumus dan grafik-grafik, tulangan dianggap sebagai pias baja dengan tebal tertentu yang sesuai dengan luas tulangan masing-masing sisi. Persamaan-persamaan keseimbangan gaya dan momen kemudian diturunkan untuk berbagai diagram regangan dan tegangan yang mungkin terjadi. Sebagai pendekatan, dalam penurunan persamaan, luas tulangan yang ditempati oleh baja desak tidak ditinjau.  Diagram-diagram untuk berbagai mutu beton dan baja selanjutnya dibuat untuk memudahkan perancangan kolom. Diagram interaksi dibuat tak-berdimensi, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk berbagai ukuran kolom. Dalam setiap diagram, disediakan beberapa rasio tulangan yang dapat digunakan untuk perencanaan. Diagram interaksi dibuat untuk kuat perlu, kuat nominal dan kapasitas maksimum. Dengan demikian diagram interaksi yang dikembangkan dapat digunakan untuk perencanaan kolom-kolom struktur sebagai kolom pada struktur rangka momen biasa, rangka momen menengah, dan rangka momen khusus menurut peraturan gempa yang berlaku. Pada bagian akhir disajikan beberapa aplikasi penggunaan diagram interaksi yang dibuat sebagai alat bantu perancangan.
ANALISIS SUBSIDI ANGKUTAN PERDESAAN MELALUI BIAYA OPERASI KENDARAAN (BOK) DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN
Authors: Marjanto .
Published: February 2017

Transport services rural areas in Sleman indicate operating performance is less well in service of nine routes. There are seven trajectories do not undergo trajectory  corresponding permissions are set and one route is no longer operational.There is only one route which is still running track trajectory corresponding route permit.The purpose of this study was to analyze the performance of services of nine transportation route rural areas serving the route in Sleman District currently includes analysis : route network, load factor, headway, mileage, travel time, number of passengers and the speed of the average, the actual, the waiting location of transport and analyzing the financing scheme or calculate the amount of subsidy that can be applied to integrated rural transport to urban public transport serving in Sleman. Calculation of vehicle operating costs a small bus with a full subsidy for Rp.24,406,244,917/year, the difference in operating costs subsidy of                                  Rp.18,318,644,917/year, bus subsidy grant of Rp. 18,559,117,225/year and fuel subsidies amounted Rp. .21,105,013,047. Recommended subsidy financing scheme because it is quite logical to be implemented is a subsidy mechanism for the difference in operating costs to buy the service system with the option of using a small bus.
PEMODELAN BANGKITAN PERJALANAN PELAJAR DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN
Authors: Mahmudah Noor
Published: February 2017

Akibat banyaknya perguruan tinggi negeri dan swasta yang berlokasi di Kabupaten Sleman (Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta) maka wilayah ini  berpotensi menarik pergerakan pelajar, baik yang berasal dari dalam maupun luar Sleman. Dampak yang dirasakan adalah berbagai masalah transportasi yang timbul karena semakin meningkatnya arus lalu lintas akibat pergerakan yang dilakukan oleh para pelajar tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi zona asal dan tujuan perjalanan pelajar serta membangun model bangkitan perjalanan (trip generation) pelajar di Kabupaten Sleman, baik berupa model bangkitan pergerakan (trip production) dan tarikan pergerakan (trip attraction) menggunakan data yang didapatkan melalui survei wawancara rumah tangga (home interview survey) di Kecamatan Seyegan, Tempel dan Turi. Pemodelan bangkitan perjalanan yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini berupa sebaran spasial bangkitan pergerakan dan tarikan pergerakan serta model numerik yang dihasilkan melalui pengolahan data dengan program SPSS. Variabel bebas yang mempengaruhi bangkitan pergerakan pelajar adalah populasi penduduk, sedangkan variabel yang mempengaruhi tarikan pergerakan adalah jumlah pelajar.
EFEKTIVITAS BENTUK ABUTMEN TERHADAP GERUSAN DI SEKITAR ABUTMEN JEMBATAN
Authors: Purnomo Sanidhya Nika , Nasta’in , , Widiyanto Wahyu , Salsabilla Loren
Published: February 2017

Abutmen jembatan merupakan bagian struktur jembatan yang cukup rawan terhadapproses gerusan lokal. Proses gerusan lokal pada abutmen jembatan dapat menyebabkan kegagalanstruktur pada jembatan, dan mengakibatkan jembatan tidak dapat berfungsi kembali. Untukmengetahui efektivitas bentuk abutmen jembatan terhadap gerusan lokal, dilakukan simulasiterhadap 2 buah model abutmen jembatan, vertical wall abutment dan semi – end – circularabutment, yang diletakkan di hamparan sedimen untuk 3 variasi debit sebesar 0,45 lt/det, 0,51lt/det, dan 0,79 lt/det diflume, kemudian diukur perubahan elevasi di sekitar jembatanmenggunakan alat ukur digital. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa model vertical wall abutmentmemberikan kedalaman gerusan yang lebih dalam pada debit simulasi terbesar jika dibandingkandengan model semi – end – circular abutment, dengan kedalaman gerusan berturut-turut sebesar -2,35 cm dan -2,12 cm. Untuk pola gerusan lokal, gerusan yang terjadi pada model vertical wallabutment hanya terjadi pada arah C, sedangkan pada model semi – end – circular abutment terjadipada arah A dan C. Untuk itu, model semi – end – circular lebih efektif mengurangi kedalamangerusan, namun menghasilkan pola gerusan yang lebih banyak.
PENGARUH KONFLIK PERAN DAN AMBIGUITAS PERAN TERHADAP KOMITMEN INDEPENDENSI AUDITOR INTERNAL
Authors: Sindudisastra Lusius Kharismawan , Rustiana Rustiana
Published: February 2017

This study was conducted to assess and identify the infuence of role confict and role ambiguity of the internal auditor independence commitment to work in rural banks Yogyakarta Special Region. Determination of the respondents was conducted by sampling purporsive ie sampling technique based on a certain criteria. The number of questionnaires distributed is as much as 25 questionnaires. This study uses a simple linear regression. Results of analysis in this study indicate that role confict and ambiguity each negatively afect the independence of the internal auditor commitment.Keywords: role confict, role ambiguity, internal auditor independency.
PENGARUH KONSERVATISME AKUNTANSI TERHADAP ABNORMAL RETURN SAHAM PADA SAAT PENGUMUMAN SEASONED EQUITY OFFERINGS
Authors: Violetta Vinny , Lestari Jenjang Sri
Published: February 2017

This study aims to determine the efect of conservatism against abnormal stock returns during the announcement of Seasoned Equity Oferings (SEO) companies listed on the Stock Exchange. Tis study was conducted to see the efect of accounting conservatism towards abnormal return during the announcement of SEO. Tis study also uses the control variables of size and leverage. The sample in this company using the 39 companies listed on the Stock Exchange and ofering additional shares during 2011-2013. Results from the study showed that conservatism has a signifcant positive efect on abnormal stock returns during the announcement of SEO. Control variables leverage signifcant negative efect on abnormal stock returns during the announcement of SEO. While size has no efect on abnormal stock returns during the announcement of SEO.Keywords: abnormal return, conservatism, leverage, seasoned equity ofering
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BUSINESS ETHICS IN THE PALM OIL INDUSTRY
Authors: Isdaryadi Felix Wisnu
Published: February 2017

Abstract Palm oil is the most produced vegetable oil in the world today-approximately 37 million metric tons, andis entirely GMO-free. Oil palm produces up to 10 times more oil per hectare than soybean, rapeseed or sunfower. Although oil palm is a more sustainable source of vegetable oil than other oil crops, there is concern that the growing demand of palm oil for food and bio fuel could lead to rapid and ill-managed expansion of palm oil production and result in serious environmental and social consequences. It is vital that the production and use of palm oil must be done in a sustainable manner based on economic, social and environmental viability. It becomes clear that these actions are benefcial on one hand, but, on the other hand, might be harmful in the long run. The palm oil industry may result in rapid economic growth. However, it could also degrade the environment, whichin turn could lead to public health problems in the longer term, decreasethe productivity and harm the economy.Keywords: palm oil industry, business ethics, environment, economy.
Analisis Perbedaan Earnings Response Coefficient (ERC) Sebelum dan Setelah Adopsi IFRS pada Perusahaan yang Tercatat dalam Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Galantika Fransisca Intan , Siswantaya I Gede
Published: February 2017

AbstrakKonvergensi International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) menyebabkan Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan (PSAK) mengalami beberapa perubahan. Perbedaan standar akuntansi keuangan menyebabkan komparibilitas laporan keuangan menurun sehingga investor dari berbagai negara sulit untuk mengambil keputusan investasi. Muncullah IFRS sebagai standar akutansi global sebagai acuan dalam menghasilkan pelaporan keuangan yang berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis mengenai ada tidaknya perbedaan signifikan antara nilai Earning Response Coefficient (ERC) sebelum dan sesudah adopsi IFRS pada perusahaan yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). ERC digunakan sebagai proksi untuk melihat reaksi pasar. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan tahunan dan harga saham bulanan. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang terdaftar di BEI pada tahun 2009 hingga 2014. Pemilihan sampel didasarkan pada metode purposive sampling dengan kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara ERC sebelum dan sesudah adopsi IFRS ke dalam PSAK pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di BEI.Kata Kunci: IFRS, Earnings Response Coefficient, Laba, PSAK, Reaksi Pasar. Abstract Convergence of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) causes the Pedoman Standar Akuntansi Keuangan (PSAK) undergo some changes. This then leads to differences in comparability of financial statements declining so that investors from various countries is difficult to make investment decisions. Then appeared IFRS as the global accounting standards as a reference in generating quality of financial reporting. This study aimed to analyze whether there was a significant difference between the value of Earning Response Coefficient (ERC) before and after the adoption of IFRS on the companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. ERC is used as a proxy to see the market reaction. The data used in this research is secondary data in the form of annual financial statements and monthly stock prices. The sample used in this study is a company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2009 to 2014. The sample selection was based on a random sampling method with predetermined criteria. The results of this study prove that there was no significant difference between the ERC before and after the adoption of IFRS into the FRS companies listed on the Stock Exchange.Keywords: IFRS, Earnings Response Coefficient, Earnings, PSAK, Market Reaction.
Persepsi Generasi Y Terhadap Pilihan Karier di Perusahaan Publik
Authors: Prabowo Anita Destannova , Putranta Parnawa
Published: February 2017

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan persepsi dari generasi Y terhadap pilihan karier di perusahaan publik. Selain itu juga untuk mengetahui apakah gender mempengaruhi perbedaan persepsi dari generasi Y terhadap pilihan karier di perusahaan publik. Dalam era globalisasi dan era liberalisasi seperti sekarang ini, pengambilan keputusan karier bukanlah keinginan sesaat semata. Penentuan tersebut harus didasarkan pada kemampuan dan pemahaman diri mereka sendiri. Oleh karena itu gender juga menjadi salah satu hal yang juga mempengaruhi dalam proses perekrutan sektor publik. Laki-laki memilih bidang karier tertentu berdasarkan bidang orang tua dan belum memiliki pandangan akan masa depannya. Sedangkan di satu sisi, perempuan mereka lebih menghadapi kesulitan dalam menghadapi keputusan pemilihan karier karena keterbatasan bidang dan juga lingkungan yang masih tradisional.Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan persepsi antara laki-laki dan perempuan, akan tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan faktor yang mempengaruhi pilihan karier di perusahaan publik. Kata kunci: Generasi Y, Perekrutan, Persepsi, Perusahaan Publik, Pilihan Karier. AbstractThis study aims to determine differences in the perception of the Y generation on career options in public companies. It is also to find out whether gender affects the differences in the perception of the Y generation on career options in public companies. In the era of globalization and liberalization, as now, the career decision making is not merely a whim. The determination should be based on ability and understanding of themselves. Therefore, gender is also becoming one of the things that also affect the public sector hiring process. Men choose a particular career field by their parent’s career field and do not have a view about the future. While on the one hand, they are more women face difficulties in dealing with career choice decision because of limited fields and the environment is still traditional.Based on the results of data analysis can be concluded that there is a difference in perception between men and women, but there are differences in factors that affect career options in public companies. Keywords: Career Options, Generation Y, Perception, Public Company, Recruitment.
BUKTI EMPIRIS TENTANG PENGARUH BUDGET RATCHETING TERHADAP HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENDAPATAN SENDIRI DAN BELANJA DAERAH PADA KABUPATEN/KOTA DI ACEH
Authors: Abdullah Syukriy , Junita Afrah
Published: February 2017

This paper examines the effect of own revenues to expenditures and the effect ofbudget ratcheting as moderating variable in local government budgets. Using data from23 (twenty three) districts/cities in Aceh we find the own revenues have effect on localexpenditure and budget ratcheting may moderate the relationship between the ownrevenues and local expenditure.Keywords: Aceh agency problems, budgeting, budget ratcheting, city, fiscaldecentralization, local expenditure, local government, own revenue, regency.
PENGARUH KREATIVITAS DAN TRADE EXHIBITION TERHADAP INOVASI BERKELANJUTAN DAN KINERJA PEMASARAN SENTRA INDUSTRI KECIL MEBEL KAYU DI KABUPATEN MADIUN
Authors: Sitohang Sonang
Published: February 2017

The research aims are to analyze and test the influence of creativity and trade exhibition toward extended innovation and market performance of  small industry of wood furniture cluster in Madiun region. Population are 103 entrepreneurs of wood furniture. Research method uses complete enumeration. Main instrument used in data collection relates to questionnaire through structure 5-points of Likert Scale. Data analysis used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to ensure the causality between previous variable involved validity, reliability test and confirmatory factor analysis. The test requires criterion.The results of research indicate that creativity and trade exhibition significantly influence the extended innovation and innovation significantly influence the market performance, furthermore, both creativity and trade exhibition significantly influence the market performance of small Industry of wood furniture cluster in Madiun.
POLA PENGEMBANGAN SEKTOR PEREKONOMIAN BERBASIS AGRIBISNIS DALAM PERSPEKTIF PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN DI PROPINSI BALI
Authors: Hardjono Hardjono
Published: February 2017

Bali government has developing plan for non-agriculture economic sectors to support the development of agriculture sector. It aims to supports the growing of various economic productive activities, especially agro-industry activities from the upper sector to downstream sector.The objective of this research are 1) to identify which economic factor is needed to be developed imperatively; 2) which missing factor is needed to be injected by taking advantages from economic sector priority; based on superior comparative value, electric sector, gas and pure water have LQ (Location Quotient) and DLQ (Dynamic Location Quotient) agriculture sector shows superior comparative high LQ 1,154 and high DLQ 2,28; and also low CD (Coefficient of Dispersion) 0,11676 and low SD (Sensitive of Dispersion) 0,45654. Trading sector, hotel and restaurant LQ 1,865 and DLQ 0,53; low CD 0,83254 and very low SD 0,17500; transportation and communication show superior comparative high LQ 1,787 and  DLQ 0,32; CD 0,39439 and SD 0,26056. Mining sector, the superior comparative is considered since it has high LQ and low DLQ. Building sector, superior comparative low LQ 0,634 and DLQ 0,61; CD 0,99908 and SD 0,03020; meanwhile finance, rent, and trading service has high LQ 0,847 and DLQ 0,413; CD 0,12581 and SD 0,26708; and service sector high LQ 1,603 and DLQ 3,02 and also for CD 0,09443 and SD 0,19257; which will disappear depends on the market mechanism.
ANALISIS JALUR DALAM FUNGSI PELAYANAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS NASABAH DENGAN PURNA-PELAYANAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING: STUDI KASUS DI BPR PONOROGO
Authors: Khuzaini Khuzaini
Published: February 2017

Drinking water District Company (PDAM) as a public service company must create professional service. The availability of fresh and healthy water is an important need for the dweller of Surabaya city  because the pure water pollution remains in high degree, and the source of PDAM’s water fountain is limited. PDAM as a service company that serves the society need and concerns with the basic need of human being that has not been substituted yet. For that reason, PDAM is required to give professional services continuously. PDAM as the only one public company that has the highest customer list in the matter of complaining as written in mass media. So that, it needs  evaluation and innovation forward the PDAM quality service.This research is done by survey in the form of questionnaire to the PDAM customer of Surabaya. Research sampling are 488 customers that  consist of three groups of customer based on their experience of getting problem They are the group of uncomplicated customer, of complicated but can be solved customer, and of complicated and can not be solved customer.Using the technique of factor analysis, regression analysis, and chi-square simultaneously the quality of service influence toward the intention which is taken (behavioral intentions) for the complicated and can not be solved customer either simultaneously or  partially the service quality that has not influenced toward the behavioral intentions of the PDAM customer of Surabaya.
PERAN VARIABEL PERILAKU BELAJAR INOVATIF, INTENSITAS KERJASAMA KELOMPOK, KEBERSAMAAN VISI DAN RASA SALING PERCAYA DALAM MEMBENTUK KUALITAS SINERGI
Authors: Sulasmi Siti
Published: February 2017

This paper is an elaborated work on Sulasmi's research (2003) in the oil refinery company, North Sumatera and Liquidified Natural Gas in East Kalimantan, consisting of 100 workgroup in which there are 50 sub-work group in each group. The research identified the behavior of effective workgroup developing synergetic quality.The result identified is that innovative learning behavior and workgroup intensity contribute to synergetic quality development. The result occurred in the two companies observed. The innovative learning behavior dominated the power generating synergetic quality, nevertheless the workgroup intensity is also significantly determined. Furthermore,  elaboration is found that although the variables of innovative learning behavior and workgroup intensity significantly affected synergetic quality, but if they are accompanied by mutual trust which  has the greatest influence, consequently it sets the influential power of innovative learning behavior and workgroup intensity aside. From this further study, it was found that mutual trust is the primary drive of synergetic quality.The shared vision is able to support synergetic quality, especially when the shared vision also succeeds to create mutual trust among the group members. Due to the strong role of the mutual trust, and the shared vision also influences to form mutual trust relationship, therefore it needs further research to find out  the source of mutual trust and how to create the shared vision.
ANALISIS EMPIRIS EFEKTIVITAS MEKANISME TRANSMISI KEBIJAKAN MONETER DI INDONESIA MELALUI JALUR EKSPEKTASI INFLASI PERIODE 1990:2-2007:1
Authors: Natsir Muhammad
Published: February 2017

This study used Vector Auto regression (VAR) model to analyze effectiveness of monetary policy transmission mechanism in Indonesia through Inflation Expectation Channel period 1990:2-2007:1. That effectiveness was measured by two indicators, they are: (1) : (1) how fast or how many time lag needed since the shock of monetary instruments (rSBI) until the realisation of final target of monetary policy (inflation). (2) How strong the variables of inflation expectation line response the shock of SBI interest rate and other variable. This study used secondary data issued by Bank Indonesia and BPS as well as from International Finance Statistic (IFS). The result of the study shows that response velocity of variable in Inflation Expectation Channel towards shock instrument of monetary policy (rSBI) until reach the final target or time tag about 12 quarterly or twenty six months. While impulse response function of variables in this channel to the shock instrument of monetary policy (rSBI) is quiet weak and the main channel that is inflation expectation and exchange rate are not able to explain diversity final target of monetary policy (inflation) about 33,88%, while variable of inflation expectation only able to explain diversity of inflation about 15,03%. Meanwhile, we still able economically to conclude that mechanism of monetary policy transmission through Inflation Expectation Channel is effective to reach the final target of monetary policy of Indonesia period of 1990:2-2007:1
DESENTRALISASI, SISTEM PENGENDALIAN AKUNTANSI DAN KINERJA DINAS PADA PEMERINTAH KOTA PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: Nor Wahyudin
Published: February 2017

This paper reports the results of a study which was conducted in government offices in Palangka Raya and investigated the relationships between (a) decentralization and the use of accounting control systems, (b) the use of accounting control systems and government office performance, and (c) the decentralization and government office performance. The performance was assessed using the heads of office perception of their office (unit's) performance. Samples taken in the research, were involved government offices in Palangka Raya. Analysis units utilized were the heads of offices, since they were mostly involved in budget processing in the offices. Data were collected through questionnaires, out of 112 questionnaires sent, only 66 questionnaires could be processed. The answers of the respondences are analyzed by using path analysis. The result showed that decentralization and accounting control system influence the performance. But empirically result shows that decentralization had no significant effect on performance. This study indicated that accounting control system was a mediator in the relationship between decentralization and performance.
Bahasa dan Pembentukan Citra dalam Komunikasi Periklanan di Televisi
Authors: Efendi Anwar
Published: February 2017

Language in an advertisement has two functions. The first is language as a means of communication and thesecond is language as a means of forming social reality. The first function deals with its use as a source of information, whilethe second deals with its use as a creative art in engineering expected world or condition. As a source of information, thelanguage becomes a means of delivering true information about a certain product being advertised to people. It describesall the details of the product, such as the use, advantages, and ease. This is intended to make consumers know well aboutthe product and decide t buy it. As a means of forming social reality, the language in advertisement is used to create animage about the product for the consumers. This process of building image represents in making association between theproduct and life style, social class, and symbols of modernity.
Asian Energy Challenges in the Asian Century
Authors: LO Kevin
Published: February 2017

In this first article in the inaugural issue of the Journal of Asian Energy Studies (JAES), the scene is set for further discussions and debates on the energy challenges in Asia. Energy is fundamental to economic development. Thus far, Asia has been largely meeting its skyrocketing energy demand through conventional technologies based on fossil fuels. However, challenges relating to energy security, local pollution, and global climate change mean that such a path is no longer feasible and Asian countries must meet their growing energy demands in a more sustainable manner. Addressing these challenges is not only critical to the realization of the Asian century, but also to global sustainable development. Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary energy studies have much to offer in addressing these pressing issues. The mission of JAES is to provide a free and international forum for scholars and professionals working in this exciting and important field of study.
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Reinforcement effect and synergy of carbon nanofillers with different dimensions in high density polyethylene based nanocomposites
Authors: Xiang Dong , Wang Lei , Tang Yuhao , Hill Christopher J. , Chen Biqiong , Harkin-Jones Eileen
Published: February 2017

A comparative study of unary and binary carbon nanofiller reinforced high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites with 4 wt.% nanofillers was carried out in order to assess the reinforcement effect and synergy of carbon nanofillers with different dimensions. Rheology and resistivity tests indicate that the relative effectiveness of generating rheological and conductive networks is as follows: multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) > carbon black (CB) > graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), while the reinforcement effect in modulus is: GNPs > MWCNTs > CB, at the same loading. The resistivity of all the HDPE/CB/MWCNT composites is quite close to the that of HDPE/MWCNT composites, indicating CB may be a good replacement for MWCNTs considering the relatively low cost of CB. A synergistic effect in modulus is observed in the HDPE/GNP/MWCNT and HDPE/CB/MWCNT composites due to the formation of nanofiller–polymer–nanofiller network structures.
Life-Cycle Benefits of Recycled Material in Highway Construction
Authors: Del Ponte Kelly , Madras Natarajan Bharat , Pakes Ahlman Angela , Baker Andrew , Elliott Erik , Edil Tuncer B.
Published: February 2017

The use of recycled materials in highway construction can achieve significant benefits affecting the triple bottom line (environment, prosperity, and society). Although state departments of transportation have been at the forefront of introducing recycled materials, they have been unable to clearly convey the benefits in a quantitative and transparent manner using easily understood metrics. Information on sustainability assessment characteristics—that is, energy and water consumption—is lacking. To determine the benefits of using recycled materials for six member state departments of transportation in a pooled fund, the Recycled Materials Resource Center at the University of Wisconsin–Madison was tasked with a project that would quantify the environmental and economic life-cycle benefits associated with the incorporation of recycled materials and industrial by-products in highway construction. An analysis of the environmental benefits (i.e., carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, and water consumption) associated with the substitution of recycled materials for conventional virgin materials in highway construction was conducted using the pavement life-cycle assessment tool for environmental and economic effects, a tool developed with the sponsorship of the Recycled Materials Resource Center. An economic impact analysis was conducted by comparing the unit prices of virgin and recycled materials. The analysis showed significant environmental and economic savings in all member states. Total environmental savings from use of recycled materials were approximately equal to the energy consumption of 110,000 U.S. households per year, 9,300 bathtubs of water, and the carbon dioxide emissions produced by 58,000 cars per year. Total systemwide economic savings from use of recycled materials was estimated to be $62.5 million.
Harvesting Thermoelectric Energy from Asphalt Pavements
Authors: Datta Utpal , Dessouky Samer , Papagiannakis A. T.
Published: February 2017

The goal of this study was to develop a prototype for harvesting thermoelectric energy from asphalt pavement roadways. This emerging research field encompasses technologies that capture the existing thermal energy in pavements to generate electricity without depleting natural resources. In lower latitudes, such as south Texas, the asphalt pavement surface temperature in the summer can reach 55°C because of solar radiation. Soil temperatures below the pavement, however, are roughly constant (i.e., 27°C to 33°C) at relatively shallow depths (150 mm). This thermal gradient between the surface temperature and the pavement substrata can be used to generate electrical power through thermoelectric generators (TEGs). The proposed prototype collects heat energy from the pavement surface and transfers the energy to a TEG embedded in the subgrade at the edge of the pavement shoulder. Evaluation of this prototype was carried out through finite element analysis, laboratory testing, and field experiments. The results suggest that the 64- × 64-mm TEG prototype can generate an average of 10 mW of electric power continuously over a period of 8 h in the weather conditions in south Texas. Scaling up this prototype by using multiple TEG units could generate sufficient electricity to sustainably power low-watt LED lights and roadway and traffic sensors in off-grid, remote areas.
A proposed plan for personalized radiosurgery in patients with trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Mousavi Seyed H. , Niranjan Ajay , Akpinar Berkcan , Monaco Edward A. , Cohen Jonathan , Bhatnagar Jagdish , Chang Yue-Fang , Kano Hideyuki , Huq Sakibul , Flickinger John C. , Dade Lunsford L.
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE

During the last 25 years, more than 100,000 patients worldwide with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) have undergone stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with a standard dose of radiation. However, the radiobiological effect of radiation is determined by the amount of energy delivered to the tissue (integral dose [ID] = mean dose × target volume) and is directly associated with the nerve volume. Although the trigeminal nerve volume varies among patients with TN, the clinical impact of this variation in delivered energy is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of delivered ID on the outcome of TN radiosurgery.

METHODS

The authors evaluated 155 patients with unilateral TN who had undergone SRS as their initial surgical management over a 13-year period. The authors measured the postganglionic ID within the SRS target and retrospectively stratified patients into 3 groups: low (< 1.4 mJ), medium (1.4–2.7 mJ), and high (> 2.7 mJ) ID. Clinical outcomes, which included pain status (scored using the Barrow Neurological Institute Pain Scale) and sensory dysfunction (scored using the Barrow Neurological Institute Numbness Scale), were evaluated at a median follow-up of 71 months.

RESULTS

Patients who were treated with a medium ID had superior pain relief either with or without medications (p = 0.006). In the medium ID group, the rates of complete pain relief without medications at 1, 3, and 6 years after SRS were 67%, 54%, and 33%, respectively, while the rates in the rest of the cohort were 55%, 36%, and 19%, respectively. Patients given a high ID had a higher rate of post-SRS trigeminal sensory deterioration (p < 0.0001). At 1, 3, and 6 years after SRS, the high ID group had an estimated rate for developing sensory dysfunction of 35%, 45%, and 50%, respectively, while the rates in patients receiving low and medium IDs were 3%, 4%, and 9%, respectively. The optimal clinical outcome (maximum pain relief and minimal trigeminal sensory dysfunction) was obtained in patients who had received a medium ID.

CONCLUSIONS

With current dose selection methods, nerve volume affects long-term clinical outcomes in patients with TN who have undergone SRS. This study suggests that the prescribed SRS dose should be customized for each TN patient based on the nerve volume.
Modification of surgical procedure for “probable” limited dorsal myeloschisis
Authors: Lee Ji Yeoun , Chong Sangjoon , Choi Young Hun , Phi Ji Hoon , Cheon Jung-Eun , Kim Seung-Ki , Park Sung Hye , Kim In-One , Wang Kyu-Chang
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE

Since the entity limited dorsal myeloschisis (LDM) was proposed, numerous confusing clinical cases have been renamed according to the embryopathogenesis. However, clinical application of this label appears to require some clarification with regard to pathology. There have been cases in which all criteria for the diagnosis of LDM were met except for the presence of a neural component in the stalk, an entity the authors call “probable” LDM. The present study was performed to meticulously review these cases and suggest that a modified surgical strategy using limited laminectomy is sufficient to achieve the surgical goal of untethering.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively reviewed the imaging findings, operative notes, and pathology reports of spinal dysraphism patients with subcutaneous stalk lesions who had presented to their institution between 2010 and 2014.

RESULTS

Among 33 patients with LDM, 13 had the typical nonsaccular lesions with simple subcutaneous stalks connecting the skin opening to the spinal cord. Four cases had “true” LDM meeting all criteria for diagnosis, including pathological confirmation of CNS tissue by immunohistochemical staining with glial fibrillary acidic protein. There were also 9 cases in which all clinical, imaging, and surgical findings were compatible with LDM, but the “neural” component in the resected stalk was not confirmed. For all the cases, limited exposure of the stalk was done and satisfactory untethering was achieved.

CONCLUSIONS

One can speculate based on the initial error of embryogenesis that if the entire stalk were traced to the point of insertion on the cord, the neural component would be proven. However, this would require an extended level of laminectomy/laminotomy, which may be unnecessary, at least with regard to the completeness of untethering. Therefore, the authors propose that for some selected cases of LDM, a minimal extent of laminectomy may suffice for untethering, although it may be insufficient for diagnosing a true LDM.
De novo formation of a large cavernoma associated with a congenital torcular dural arteriovenous fistula: case report
Authors: Brinjikji Waleed , Flemming Kelly D. , Lanzino Giuseppe
Published: February 2017

The authors report a case of a developmentally normal child with a congenital complex torcular dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) who later, in his teenage years, developed several vermian cavernomas within a large cerebellar developmental venous anomaly (DVA). The patient had initially presented with an abnormally large head circumference but no neurological deficits. He underwent several partial embolization procedures in an attempt to decrease the blood supply of the fistula over the course of 8 years. Nine years following initial presentation, he presented with a fourth ventricular hemorrhage, due to development of a new vermian cavernoma adjacent to a previously known vermian DVA and suffered subsequent mild left-sided hemiataxia from which he later recovered. CT angiographic images demonstrated that the vermian DVA drained into the left transverse sinus, which also drained the torcular arteriovenous fistula. A routine follow-up MRI examination 10 years following initial presentation demonstrated interval development of several large cavernomas in the cerebellum, all within the DVA. The patient had no new symptoms at that time and was neurologically intact. This case report highlights the de novo development of multiple cavernous malformations potentially secondary to DAVF-induced venous congestion in a preexisting DVA.
Does subjective improvement in adults with intracranial arachnoid cysts justify surgical treatment?
Authors: Rabiei Katrin , Hellström Per , Högfeldt-Johansson Mats , Tisell Magnus
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE

Subjective improvement of patients who have undergone surgery for intracranial arachnoid cysts has justified surgical treatment. The current study aimed to evaluate the outcome of surgical treatment for arachnoid cysts using standardized interviews and assessments of neuropsychological function and balance. The relationship between arachnoid cyst location, postoperative improvement, and arachnoid cyst volume was also examined.

METHODS

The authors performed a prospective, population-based study. One hundred nine patients underwent neurological, neuropsychological, and physiotherapeutic examinations. The arachnoid cysts were considered symptomatic in 75 patients, 53 of whom agreed to undergo surgery. In 32 patients, results of the differential diagnosis revealed that the symptoms were due to a different underlying condition and were unrelated to an arachnoid cyst. Neuropsychological testing included target reaction time, Grooved Pegboard, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning, Rey Osterrieth complex figure, and Stroop tests. Balance tests included the extended Falls Efficacy Scale, Romberg, and sharpened Romberg with open and closed eyes. The tests were repeated 5 months postoperatively. Cyst volume was pre- and postoperatively measured using OsiriX software.

RESULTS

Patients who underwent surgery did not have results on balance and neuropsychological tests that were different from patients who declined or had symptoms unrelated to the arachnoid cyst. Patients with a temporal arachnoid cyst performed within the normal range on the neuropsychological tests. Seventy-seven percent of the patients who underwent surgery reported improvement, yet there were no differences in test results before and after surgery. Arachnoid cysts in the temporal region and posterior fossa did not influence the preoperative results of neuropsychological and motor tests. The arachnoid cyst volume decreased postoperatively (p < 0.0001), but there was no relationship between volume reduction and clinical improvement.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study speak against objectively verifiable improvement following surgical treatment in adults with intracranial arachnoid cysts.
Microsurgical versus endovascular interventions for blood-blister aneurysms of the internal carotid artery: systematic review of literature and meta-analysis on safety and efficacy
Authors: Shah Sumedh S. , Gersey Zachary C. , Nuh Mohamed , Ghonim Hesham T. , Elhammady Mohamed Samy , Peterson Eric C.
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE

Blood-blister aneurysms (BBAs) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) have a poor natural history associated with high morbidity and mortality. Currently, both surgical and endovascular techniques are employed to treat BBAs; thus, the authors sought to perform a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of these approaches.

METHODS

A literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar online databases was performed to include pertinent English-language studies from 2005 to 2015 that discussed the efficacy and safety of either surgical or endovascular therapies to treat BBAs.

RESULTS

Thirty-six papers describing 256 patients with BBAs treated endovascularly (122 procedures) or surgically (139 procedures) were examined for data related to therapeutic efficacy and safety. Pooled analysis of 9 papers demonstrated immediate and late (mean 20.9 months) aneurysm occlusion rates of 88.9% (95% CI 77.6%–94.8%) and 88.4% (95% CI 76.7%–94.6%), respectively, in surgically treated patients. Pooled analysis of 12 papers revealed immediate and late aneurysm obliteration rates of 63.9% (95% CI 52.3%–74.1%) and 75.9% (95% CI 65.9%–83.7%), respectively, in endovascularly treated aneurysms. Procedure-related complications and overall poor neurological outcomes were slightly greater in the surgically treated cases than in the endovascularly treated cases (27.8% [95% CI 19.6%–37.8%] vs 26.2% [95% CI 18.4%–35.8%]), indicating that endovascular therapy may provide better outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

Blood-blister aneurysms are rare, challenging lesions with a poor prognosis. Although surgical management potentially offers superior aneurysm obliteration rates immediately after treatment and at the long-term follow-up, endovascular therapy may have a better safety profile and provide better functional outcomes than surgery. A registry of patients treated for BBAs may be warranted to better document the natural course of the disease as well as treatment outcomes.
Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Pharmacokinetics: Lower Variability than Oral Levodopa-Carbidopa
Authors: Othman Ahmed A. , Rosebraugh Matthew , Chatamra Krai , Locke Charles , Dutta Sandeep
Published: February 2017

In a double-blind, double-dummy, double-titration Phase 3 trial in advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, the efficacy and safety of Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) infusion were characterized relative to immediate-release oral levodopa-carbidopa (LC-oral) treatment. We present in this report the comparative pharmacokinetic profiles of LCIG and LC-oral from this pivotal study. The results presented in this report clearly demonstrate that LCIG results in lower variability and fluctuations in levodopa and carbidopa plasma concentrations compared to LC-oral. The superior pharmacokinetic profiles with LCIG were consistent with its improved efficacy compared to LC-oral as demonstrated in this study.
Comparison of the effects of bilateral and unilateral training after stroke: A meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Yejin , Kim Moon Young , Park Ji-Hyuk , Park Hae Yean
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND: The differential effects of bilateral and unilateral training on upper extremity (UE) function remain unclear.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of bilateral and unilateral training on UE function and activities of daily living (ADL) after stroke.

METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected for inclusion by two reviewers after searching the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and KoreaMed. Methodological qualities were assessed using the PEDro scale. Effect size was estimated by calculating the standardized mean difference (SMD).

RESULTS: Eleven RCTs of sufficient quality were included in our meta-analysis. The effect size on UE capacity was statistically significant in favor of the Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) groups (SMD [fixed], g: – 0.34; 95% CI: – 0.59–0.08; p = 0.01; I2 = 0%). No other SMDs were significant.

CONCLUSION: The CIMT tasks were more effective than bilateral training with regard to increased UE capacity; however, this result should be cautiously interpreted since the evaluation tools were designed for assessment of unilateral UE function, not bilateral UE function. Further, the effect of the CIMT tasks on UE capacity was not translated into ADL. Considering the disadvantages of CIMT such as fatigue, bilateral training may be more appropriate for improving ADL.
Improved functions and reduced length of stay after inpatient rehabilitation programs in older adults with stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Bindawas Saad M. , Vennu Vishal , Moftah Emad
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND: to examine the effects of inpatient rehabilitation programs on function and length of stay in older adults with stroke

METHODS: A total of five electronic databases were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of inpatient rehabilitation programs on functional recovery, as measured by the functional independence measure and length of stay, which was measured in days. We included full-text articles written in English, and no time limit. The methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale and the Cochrane collaboration tools respectively. The effect sizes and confidence intervals were estimated using fixed-effect models

RESULTS: Eight randomized controlled trials involving 1,910 patients with stroke were included in the meta-analysis showed that patients who participated in the inpatient rehabilitation programs had significantly (p less than 0.05) higher functional independence measure scores (effect size = 0.10; 95 percent confidence interval = 0.01, 0.22) and shorter length of stay (effect size = 0.14; 95 percent confidence interval = 0.03, 0.22).

CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review provided evidence that inpatient rehabilitation programs have beneficial effects, improving functionality and reducing length of stay for older adults with stroke.