bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dissecting the structural and functional consequences of the evolutionary proline–glycine deletion in the wing 1 region of the forkhead domain of human FoxP1
Authors: Tamarín Stephanie , Galaz‐Davison Pablo , Ramírez‐Sarmiento César A. , Babul Jorge , Medina Exequiel
Published: July 2024

The human FoxP transcription factors dimerize via three‐dimensional domain swapping, a unique feature among the human Fox family, as result of evolutionary sequence adaptations in the forkhead domain. This is the case for the conserved glycine and proline residues in the wing 1 region, which are absent in FoxP proteins but present in most of the Fox family. In this work, we engineered both glycine (G) and proline–glycine (PG) insertion mutants to evaluate the deletion events in FoxP proteins in their dimerization, stability, flexibility, and DNA‐binding ability. We show that the PG insertion only increases protein stability, whereas the single glycine insertion decreases the association rate and protein stability and promotes affinity to the DNA ligand.
Multi‐Autoantibody Testing Identifies Expansion of Reactivity to Targeted Antigens Before a Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Goff Salina H. , Bergstedt Dylan T. , Feser Marie L. , Moss LauraKay , Mikuls Ted R. , Edison Jess D. , Holers V. Michael , Martinez‐Prat Laura , Aure Mary Ann R. , Mahler Michael , Deane Kevin D.
Published: July 2024

Objective

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has a “pre‐RA” period in which multiple autoantibodies, including antibodies to citrullinated (cit) proteins (ACPA), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti–peptidyl arginine deiminase (anti‐PAD), among others, have been described; however, few studies have tested all autoantibodies in a single pre‐RA cohort. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of multiple autoantibodies in pre‐RA and potentially identify an autoantibody profile in pre‐RA that indicates imminent onset of clinical RA.

Methods

We evaluated 148 individuals with two pre‐ and one post‐RA diagnosis samples available from the Department of Defense Serum Repository and matched controls. Samples were tested for immuglobulin (Ig) G anti–cyclic cit peptide‐3 (anti‐CCP3), five ACPA fine specificities, five anti‐PAD isoforms, as well as RF IgA and RF IgM using commercial platforms; cutoffs were determined using levels present in <1% of controls.

Results

Positivity of anti‐CCP3, RF IgA and RF IgM, anti‐PAD1, anti–cit‐vimentin 2, anti–cit‐fibrinogen, and anti–cit‐histone 1 increased over time in pre‐RA, although anti‐PAD and ACPA fine specificities were predominately present within anti‐CCP3–positive individuals. Within anti‐CCP3–positive samples from the pre‐RA period, positivity for RFs as well as anti‐PAD and ACPA fine specificities classified samples as being closer to the time of RA diagnosis.

Conclusion

Multiple autoantibodies are present in pre‐RA and increase in positivity as the time of RA diagnosis approaches. These results confirm previous findings predicting imminent RA and provide a pathway using commercial‐grade assays to assess the risk for and timing of development of clinical RA.
Quintuple Free‐Radical Therapy: An Ultralong‐Retention FAND for NIR‐Involved Multiple Site‐Acting Hypoxic Tumor Therapy
Authors: Zhang Chuang , Zhao Dongxu , Fang Fang , Zhu Lin , Li Weiyu , Wang Sa , Fan Yueyun , Yang Jiani , Liu Yanhong , Zhang Jinfeng
Published: July 2024

The heavy dependence on intratumoral O2 and H2O2 availability has greatly restricted ROS‐based therapy. Although O2/H2O2‐irrelevant free‐radical nanogenerator has garnered tremendous attention as a promising anticancer candidate to overcome the above intrinsic limitations of ROS‐based treatment, the practical therapeutic efficacy of free‐radical therapy is still hindered by limited free‐radical type and inferior tumor retention performance. Herein, inspired by the new concept of full‐API nanodrug (FAND) with 100% active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) content and repurposing of clinical anti‐malaria drug artesunate (ARTE) as an anticancer free‐radical generator, the AFeI FANDs composed of ARTE, human essential Fe3+, and FDA‐approved fluorescent agent ICG for hypoxic tumor therapy are rationally designed and constructed. Attractively, the completely pharmaceutically active components ARTE, Fe3+, and ICG can be responsively liberated in the acidic tumor microenvironment and synergistically produce five types of free radicals including •O2−, •C, •OH, LOO•, and 1O2, leading to robust mitochondrial injury, nuclear DNA damage, and lipid peroxides. More importantly, the AFeI FANDs displayed ultralong tumor retention longer than 108 h and favorable tumor suppression outcomes under mild NIR irradiation. Collectively, the presented first paradigm of FAND‐based quintuple free‐radical therapy expands new horizons for the development of clinically transferable nanomedicine for tumor therapy.
Passive Dosimeters for Radiation Dosimetry: Materials, Mechanisms, and Applications
Authors: Yang Zetian , Vrielinck Henk , Jacobsohn Luiz G. , Smet Philippe F. , Poelman Dirk
Published: July 2024

Passive dosimeters enabling accurate measurement of doses from gamma rays to visible light are necessary to ensure efficient utilization of electromagnetic radiation in numerous fields like medical diagnostics and industrial manufacturing. The specific requirements for dosimeters in terms of dosimetry range, sensitivity, accuracy, and stability for each application have led to the development of various dosimeters based on new materials and new mechanisms. Here, a comprehensive review of different types of dosimeters classified according to the response signal, namely electron paramagnetic resonance, electrical, and optical, is provided. This review starts with a general introduction to dosimetry, a classification of dosimeters, and an elucidation of the necessity of dosimeters in various ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. This is followed by an overview of the fundamental requirements of dosimeters, an explanation of the general dosimetry procedure, and the dosimetric quantities. Emphasis is given to the working mechanism, the design concept, and applications of each type of dosimeter as well as their respective strengths and drawbacks. Challenges and prospects are presented at the end of the review. This review provides an insightful overview of the material‐mechanism‐characteristics‐application relationship of different types of dosimeters that hopefully can serve as inspiration for the development of new devices.
Broad Light Absorption and Multichannel Charge Transfer Mediated by Topological Surface State in CdS/ZnS/Bi2Se3 Nanotubes for Improved Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Xiong Yu‐Tong , Liu Wei‐Xi , Tian Lin , Qin Ping‐Li , Chen Xiang‐Bai , Ma Liang , Liu Qing‐Bo , Ding Si‐Jing , Wang Qu‐Quan
Published: July 2024

Semiconductor heterojunctions have garnered extensive interest in photocatalytic hydrogen generation, yet the limited light absorption and charge transfer efficiencies still restrict the photocatalytic performance. The topological insulator has unique surface states and high‐mobility electrons, demonstrating the significant potential for enhancing photocatalysis. Herein, a ternary photocatalyst based on a topological insulator, in which CdS and ZnS nanoparticles are grown on Bi2Se3 nanotube, is prepared for efficient photocatalysis driven by topological surface state for the first time. Under simulated solar light irradiation, the CdS/ZnS/Bi2Se3 nanotubes display a robust photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 7.13 mmol h−1 g−1, which is 69.2 times of CdS and comparable to many CdS‐based photocatalysts. The unique hollow structure, topological surface state of Bi2Se3, and cooperative bandgap excitations of the three components endow the hybrids with wide light response to harvest solar energy. Meanwhile, the multichannel charge transfer facilitated by topological surface state and internal electric fields within the hybrids effectively suppresses the recombination of the photogenerated charge carriers. This mechanism maintains a high concentration of stable electrons on Bi2Se3, resulting in highly efficient hydrogen production. This work provides a new inspiration for designing heterojunction photocatalysts based on topological insulators for high‐efficiency solar‐driven energy conversion.
Genetically Engineered Cellular Nanovesicles: Theories, Design and Perspective
Authors: Cheng Qinzhen , Li Runtan , He Yiling , Zhu Yalan , Kang Yong , Ji Xiaoyuan
Published: July 2024

The use of cellular nanovesicles (CNVs) is a groundbreaking innovation in biomedical applications. Both natural extracellular vesicles (EVs) and artificial cell membrane nanovesicles (AVs) have emerged as innovative CNVs, but they have limitations in therapeutic effects and targeting abilities. Challenges such as stability, immunogenicity, and drug payload capacity hinder their widespread application. Genetic engineering has matured as a widely employed modification strategy, leading to the development of genetically engineered extracellular vesicles (gEVs) and genetically engineered artificial cell membrane nanovesicles (gAVs). This review meticulously examines the diverse types and inherent characteristics of CNVs, alongside various surface engineering strategies for CNVs, with a specific focus on elucidating the attributes and detailing the preparation methods relevant to gEVs and gAVs. Furthermore, this exploration delves into the expansive landscape of biomedical applications, developmental prospects, and current challenges associated with the utilization of gEVs and gAVs. With a comprehensive approach, the primary objective is to provide insights that not only illuminate the nuanced intricacies of these nanovesicles but also pave the way for their seamless integration into clinical research and eventual translation into practical applications.
Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reaction from Ab Initio Thermodynamics: Single versus Dual Atom Catalysts
Authors: Barlocco Ilaria , Spotti Matteo , Liberto Giovanni Di , Pacchioni Gianfranco
Published: July 2024

The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a key process for the energy transition. Transition metal atoms atomically dispersed on a solid support represent a promising approach to the design of new catalytic materials. The interest for single‐ (SACs) and dual‐atom catalysts (DACs) is steadily growing. In general, DACs are considered more active than SACs for NRR. In this work, the complex chemistry behind NRR is investigated on a set of SACs and DACs by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results indicate that self‐interaction corrected exchange‐correlation functionals must be adopted, at variance with several studies in the literature. Furthermore, it is not possible to extrapolate results obtained on conventional extended catalytic surfaces to SACs and DACs, due to a richer scenario of possible reaction paths. In general, the results show a positive effect on the catalytic activity moving from 3d to 5d metals, and from SACs and DACs. However, if the two effects work together, that is, 5d metals in DACs, the reaction intermediates may be too strongly bound, thus resulting in reduced catalytic activity. In this respect, the fact that DACs are expected to be superior to SACs in NRR is not always verified.
Efficacy of the nasal airflow‐inducing maneuver in the olfactory rehabilitation of laryngectomy patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Young Kurtis , Morden Frances T. , Blount Quinton , Johnson Austin , Kejriwal Sameer , Bulosan Hannah , Koshi Elliott J. , Abouyared Marianne , Siddiqui Farrah , Kim Jee‐Hong
Published: July 2024

Introduction

This is the first systematic review and meta‐analysis to investigate the effectiveness of the nasal airflow‐inducing maneuver (NAIM) in olfactory rehabilitation for total laryngectomy (TL) patients.

Methods

We conducted a systematic literature search following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The inclusion criteria required that patients must have undergone a TL with subsequent NAIM training for at least 2 weeks and olfactory evaluation. The impact of NAIM on olfactory outcomes compared to that at baseline was measured. Olfactory measures included the Sniffin’ Sticks Test, Smell Disk Test, Scandinavian Odor Identification Test, and Quick Odor Detection Test. The primary outcome measures were the proportion of patients with normosmia at baseline and after intervention.

Results

Seven studies from 2000 to 2023 comprising a total of 290 TL patients met the inclusion criteria. The meta‐analysis revealed that prior to intervention, the pooled proportion of patients with normosmia was 0.16 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09‒0.27, p = 0.01). After intervention, the same proportion increased to 0.55 (95% CI: 0.45‒0.68, p = 0.001). Among the included patients, 88.3% were initially anosmic or hyposmic, which was reduced to 48.9% after NAIM practice, with 51.1% achieving normosmia. The percent improvement was not found to be significantly associated with the timing of intervention post‐TL (p = 0.18).

Conclusions

NAIM increased the proportion of patients who achieved normosmia in TL patients. NAIM stands out as a safe, easily teachable maneuver with promising results. Further efforts are warranted to provide specific recommendations and guidelines for the use of NAIM in clinical practice.
The association between liver fibrosis score and incident dementia: A nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Weinstein Galit , Schonmann Yochai , Yeshua Hanny , Zelber‐Sagi Shira
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

We assessed the relationship of liver fibrosis score with incident dementia in a large, national sample.

METHODS

For this retrospective cohort study, data of dementia‐free individuals aged 40‐69 years were derived from electronic records of the largest healthcare provider in Israel. The association between liver fibrosis score (FIB‐4), assessed from routine laboratory measurements, and incident dementia was explored through multivariate cox regression models.

RESULTS

Of the total sample (N = 826,578, mean age 55 ± 8 years at baseline), 636,967 (77%) had no fibrosis, 180,114 (21.8%) had inconclusive fibrosis status and 9497 (1.2%) had high risk for advanced fibrosis. Over a median follow‐up of 17 years, 41,089 dementia cases were recorded. Inconclusive liver fibrosis and advanced fibrosis were associated with increased dementia risk (HR = 1.09, 95%CI: 1.07–1.11 and HR = 1.18, 95%CI: 1.10–1.27, respectively). This association remained robust through seven sensitivity analyses.

CONCLUSIONS

Liver fibrosis assessed through a serum‐based algorithm may serve as a risk factor for dementia in the general population.

Highlights

Liver fibrosis may predict dementia diagnosis in the general population.

Inconclusive liver fibrosis was associated with 9% increased dementia risk.

Advanced liver fibrosis was associated with 18% increased dementia risk.

Findings remained robust in sensitivity analyses and after adjustments.
Admixture mapping of cognitive function in diverse Hispanic and Latino adults: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Authors: Xia Rui , Jian Xueqiu , Rodrigue Amanda L. , Bressler Jan , Boerwinkle Eric , Cui Biqi , Daviglus Martha L. , DeCarli Charles , Gallo Linda C. , Glahn David C. , Knowles Emma E. M. , Moon Jee‐Young , Mosley Thomas H. , Satizabal Claudia L. , Sofer Tamar , Tarraf Wassim , Testai Fernando , Blangero John , Seshadri Sudha , González Hector M. , Fornage Myriam
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION

We conducted admixture mapping and fine‐mapping analyses to identify ancestry‐of‐origin loci influencing cognitive abilities.

METHODS

We estimated the association of local ancestry intervals across the genome with five neurocognitive measures in 7140 diverse Hispanic and Latino adults (mean age 55 years). We prioritized genetic variants in associated loci and tested them for replication in four independent cohorts.

RESULTS

We identified nine local ancestry–associated regions for the five neurocognitive measures. There was strong biological support for the observed associations to cognitive function at all loci and there was statistical evidence of independent replication at 4q12, 9p22.1, and 13q12.13.

DISCUSSION

Our study identified multiple novel loci harboring genes implicated in cognitive functioning and dementia, and uncovered ancestry‐relevant genetic variants. It adds to our understanding of the genetic architecture of cognitive function in Hispanic and Latino adults and demonstrates the power of admixture mapping to discover unique haplotypes influencing cognitive function, complementing genome‐wide association studies.

Highlights

We identified nine ancestry‐of‐origin chromosomal regions associated with five neurocognitive traits.

In each associated region, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that explained, at least in part, the admixture signal and were tested for replication in independent samples of Black, non‐Hispanic White, and Hispanic/Latino adults with the same or similar neurocognitive tests.

Statistical evidence of independent replication of the prioritized SNPs was observed for three of the nine associations, at chr4q12, chr9p22.1, and chr13q12.13.

At all loci, there was strong biological support for the observed associations to cognitive function and dementia, prioritizing genes such as KIT, implicated in autophagic clearance of neurotoxic proteins and on mast cell and microglial‐mediated inflammation; SLC24A2, implicated in synaptic plasticity associated with learning and memory; and MTMR6, implicated in phosphoinositide lipids metabolism.
Reproductive hormones in relation to white matter hyperintensity volumes among midlife women
Authors: Thurston Rebecca C. , Chang Yuefang , Wu Minjie , Harrison Emma M. , Aizenstein Howard J. , Derby Carol A. , Barinas‐Mitchell Emma , Maki Pauline M.
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION

Although reproductive hormones are implicated in cerebral small vessel disease in women, few studies consider measured hormones in relation to white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV), a key indicator of cerebral small vessel disease. Even fewer studies consider estrone (E1), the primary postmenopausal estrogen, or follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), an indicator of ovarian age. We tested associations of estradiol (E2), E1, and FSH to WMHV among women.

METHODS

Two hundred twenty‐two women (mean age = 59) underwent hormone assays (E1, E2, FSH) and 3T brain magnetic resonance imaging. Associations of hormones to WMHV were tested with linear regression.

RESULTS

Higher E2 (B[standard error (SE)] = –0.17[0.06], P = 0.008) and E1 (B[SE] = –0.26[0.10], P = 0.007) were associated with lower whole‐brain WMHV, and higher FSH (B[SE] = 0.26[0.07], P = 0.0005) with greater WMHV (covariates age, race, education). When additionally controlling for cardiovascular disease risk factors, associations of E1 and FSH to WMHV remained.

DISCUSSION

Reproductive hormones, particularly E1 and FSH, are important to women's cerebrovascular health.

Highlights

Despite widespread belief that sex hormones are important to women's brain health, little work has considered how these hormones in women relate to white matter hyperintensities (WMH), a major indicator of cerebral small vessel disease.

We considered relations of estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) to WMH in midlife women.

Higher E2 and E1 were associated with lower whole‐brain WMH volume (WMHV), and higher FSH with higher whole‐brain WMHV.

Associations of E1 and FSH, but not E2, to WMHV persisted with adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Findings underscore the importance of E2 and FSH to women's cerebrovascular health.
A Conductive Binder Based on Mesoscopic Interpenetration with Polysulfides Capturing Skeleton and Redox Intermediates Network for Lithium Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Wenqiang , Hua Lan , Zhang Yifan , Wang Gengchao , Li Chunzhong
Published: July 2024

The practical application of lithium‐sulfur batteries with high theoretical energy density and readily available cathode active materials is hampered by problems such as sulfur insulation, dramatic volume changes, and polysulfide shuttling. The targeted development of novel binders is the most industrialized solution to the problem of sulfur cathodes. Herein, an aqueous conductive emulsion binder with the sulfonate‐containing hard elastic copolymer core and the conjugate polymer shell, which is capable of forming a bicontinuous mesoscopic interpenetrating polymer network, is synthesized and investigated. Not only can the elastic skeleton formed by the copolymer bind the active substance under drastic volume changes, but also the rich ester and cyanide groups in it can effectively capture lithium polysulfide. Meanwhile, the conducting skeleton consisting of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) both provides the additional charge conduction pathways and acts as the redox intermediates, significantly accelerating the kinetic process of lithium polysulfide conversion. Based on the synergistic effect of the above mechanisms, the use of the prepared binder on the sulfur carbon cathode significantly improves the rate performance and cycle stability of lithium sulfur batteries.
Lattice Strain Engineering Boosts CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products
Authors: Jiao Jiapeng , Kang Xinchen , Yang Jiahao , Jia Shuaiqiang , Chen Xiao , Peng Yaguang , Chen Chunjun , Xing Xueqing , Chen Zhongjun , He Mingyuan , Wu Haihong , Han Buxing
Published: July 2024

Regulating the binding effect between the surface of an electrode material and reaction intermediates is essential in highly efficient CO2 electro‐reduction to produce high‐value multicarbon (C2+) compounds. Theoretical study reveals that lattice tensile strain in single‐component Cu catalysts can reduce the dipole–dipole repulsion between *CO intermediates and promotes *OH adsorption, and the high *CO and *OH coverage decreases the energy barrier for C−C coupling. In this work, Cu catalysts with varying lattice tensile strain were fabricated by electro‐reducing CuO precursors with different crystallinity, without adding any extra components. The as‐prepared single‐component Cu catalysts were used for CO2 electro‐reduction, and it is discovered that the lattice tensile strain in Cu could enhance the Faradaic efficiency (FE) of C2+ products effectively. Especially, the as‐prepared CuTPA catalyst with high lattice tensile strain achieves a FEC2+ of 90.9 % at −1.25 V vs. RHE with a partial current density of 486.1 mA cm−2.
Fully Optical Control of Polarization Current Direction in a Cyanide‐Bridged Trinuclear Complex
Authors: Huang Yu‐Bo , Su Sheng‐Qun , Xu Wen‐Huang , Zheng Wen‐Wei , Gao Kai‐Ge , Ji Tian‐Chi , Zhang Xiao‐Peng , Shui Qi‐Rui , Zhou Zi‐Qi , Ikeda Taisuke , Wu Shu‐Qi , Sato Osamu
Published: July 2024

As a remote and non‐contact stimulus, light offers the potential for manipulating the polarization of ferroelectric materials without physical contact. However, in current research, the non‐contact write‐read (erase) process lacks direct observation through the stable current as output signal. To address this limitation, we investigated the photoinduced polarization switching capabilities of the cyanide‐bridged compound [Fe2Co] using visible light, leading to the achievement of rewritable polarization. By subjecting [Fe2Co] crystals to alternating irradiation with 785 nm and 532 nm light, the polarization changes exhibited a distinct square wave pattern, confirming the reliability of the writing and erasing processes. Initialization involved exposing specific crystal units to 532 nm light for storing “1” or “0” information, while reading was accomplished by scanning the units with 785 nm light, resulting in brief current pulses for “1” states and no current signal for “0” states. This research unveils new possibilities for optical storage systems, paving the way for efficient and rewritable data storage and retrieval technologies, such as the next‐generation memories.
High‐entropy configuration strategy boosts excellent rate performance of layered oxide for sodium‐ion batteries
Authors: Cai Qiuyun , Liu Xiangyu , Hu Haonan , Wang Pengfei , Jia Min , Zhang Xiaoyu
Published: July 2024

Layered oxides are considered to be potential cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries based on high theoretical capacity and ease of synthesis. However, the complex phase transition caused by interlayer sliding in layered oxides leads to poor cycling stability, which will hinder their further application. Here, we designed a newly O3‐type layered cathode NaNi0.3Co0.2Cu0.1Mn0.2Ti0.2O2 based on high‐entropy to achieve highly reversible phase transition behavior. It reveals 132 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C within 2–4 V increasing the energy density to 408 Wh kg−1 and it shows an outstanding rate capability of 90 mAh g−1 at 80 C (84.90% capacity retention after 1,500 cycles at 80 C). In‐situ XRD shows that reasonable design of high‐entropy components in layered material can achieve the purpose of delaying the occurrence of phase transition and DFT calculations show that the introduction of Co in transition metal layers can effectively improve the rate performance of the material. This work is of great significance in guiding the design and synthesis of highly stable layered cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries.
Specificity of the short‐story task for autism diagnosis when controlling for depression
Authors: Jarvers Irina , Pfisterer Johannes , Döhnel Katrin , Blaas Lore , Ullmann Manuela , Langguth Berthold , Rupprecht Rainer , Sommer Monika
Published: July 2024

Securing an accurate autism‐spectrum‐condition diagnosis, particularly among women, remains challenging for autistic adults. Building upon previous research highlighting the short‐story task (SST) as a promising tool for detecting fiction‐based mentalizing difficulties in autistic adults, this study expands its scope. We investigated the SST's discriminative capacity across three distinct groups: autistic individuals (n = 32), nonautistic individuals without mental health problems (n = 32), and nonautistic individuals with clinical depression (n = 30). All three groups differed significantly from each other in their SST mentalizing score with the nonautistic group having the highest scores, the nonautistic but depressed group having medium scores and the autistic group showing the lowest scores. Receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis reaffirmed the SST's efficacy as a discriminator. Moreover, a linear regression analysis identified the SST mentalizing score, the SST comprehension score, and the number of books read per month as significant predictors of autism‐spectrum‐condition diagnosis. These findings bolster the SST's potential as a valuable adjunct in autism diagnostics, highlighting its discriminatory ability across diverse samples.
Analysis of the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for disorders of consciousness: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Sha , Di Zhi‐Juan , Liu Zi‐Bo , Zhao Long , Li Man‐Yu , Li Hong‐Ling
Published: July 2024

Objective

To analyze the efficacy and associated factors affecting the prognosis in patients with disturbance of consciousness after hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment.

Methods

A retrospective study was carried out on patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) receiving HBO treatment from January to January 2022 in the Second Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China.

Results

HBO therapy improved the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Chinese Nanjing Persistent Vegetative State Scale (CNPVSS), as well as the clinical efficacy in patients with DOC. The comparison of GCS and CNPVSS scores in patients with DOC before and after HBO treatment was all statistically significant, with 325 patients (67.1%) showing effective results and 159 patients (32.9%) having unchanged outcomes. Univariate analysis indicated that there were statistically significant differences in age, HBO intervention time, HBO treatment times, pre‐treatment GCS score, and etiology and underlying diseases between the good and poor prognoses groups. Multivariate regression analysis showed that HBO intervention time ≤7 days, HBO treatment ＞ times, high GCS score before HBO treatment, and brain trauma were independent influencing factors in achieving a good prognosis for patients with DOC. Low pre‐treatment GCS scores were an independent risk factor for a poor prognosis in patients with brain trauma while being male, late HBO intervention time, fewer HBO treatment times, and low pre‐treatment GCS scores were independent risk factors for a poor prognosis in patients with DOC after a stroke. Being ≥50 years of age, late HBO intervention time, and low pre‐treatment GCS scores were independent risk factors for a poor prognosis in patients with DOC after hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy.

Conclusion

HBO therapy can improve the GCS, CNPVSS scores and clinical efficacy in patients with DOC, and the timing of HBO intervention ≤7 days, times of HBO treatment, high pre‐treatment GCS score, and brain trauma were the independent influencing factors of good prognosis in patients with DOC.
An ecosystem orchestration framework for the design of digital product passports in a circular economy
Authors: Jensen Steffen Foldager , Kristensen Jesper Hemdrup , Christensen Andreas , Waehrens Brian Vejrum
Published: July 2024

Digital product passports are considered key levers for a circular economy. By encouraging intraorganizational and interorganizational exchange of data and information, they enable informed life cycle decision‐making to circulate products and materials at their highest utility. This is contingent on the engagement of supply chain actors to contextualize the industrial implications in the span between regulatory compliance and additional value‐generation. Through the lens of ecosystem orchestration, this multiple case study draws upon industrial insights from three product manufacturers as well as a sample of their respective suppliers, service partners, customers, and third‐party recycling companies to identify 16 practices and five orchestration mechanisms. These unfold at different stages of ecosystem maturity. Combined, they construct a framework for the adaptation of digital product passports in industrial ecosystems. This provides guidance for practitioners throughout the contextualization and utilization of digital product passports and extends the scientific debate in the direction of operationalization. As digital product passports are still in their infancy, avenues for further research are identified, particularly concerning the operational foundations, including the adherent driving and inhibiting factors toward the implementation of digital product passports.
The effect of autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) messages on consumer brand perceptions and intentions
Authors: Gotsch Mauro Luis , Gasser Florian
Published: July 2024

For the past 10 years, a new genre of media content called ASMR has been growing rapidly in popularity. ASMR is described as a pleasurable tingling sensation usually triggered by different audio‐visual signals, performed by so‐called ASMRtists. These triggers have been shown to lead to increased parasocial identification with ASMRtists as well as a stronger commitment to their marketing messages. Yet so far, the effectiveness of ASMR marketing has not been directly compared to the effectiveness of typical influencer marketing. Using two consecutive 2 × 2 experiments among 408 consumers, this study compares the effect of a sponsorship message of two ASMRtists with two YouTube influencers. The results show that ASMR can be induced even by short, sponsored messages and that it positively influences the perception of both the advertised brand and the ASMRtist presenting it. Hence, ASMRtists are suitable brand ambassadors for marketers looking to reach an underserved online community.
Insights into the Phases Transformation of Copper and Nickel Catalysts during Partial Oxidation and Steam Reforming of Methane
Authors: Shtyka Oleksandr , Kaporov Artem , Maniukiewicz Waldemar , Ciesielski Radoslaw , Kedziora Adam , Kierzkowska‐Pawlak Hanna , Tyczkowski Jacek , Balcerzak Jacek , Sieranski Tomasz , Maniecki Tomasz
Published: July 2024

The paper shows the structural changes of copper and nickel catalysts in the presence of strong (O2) and weak (H2O) oxidizing agents and their influence on the course of methane conversion. The changes in oxidation states of investigated catalysts were studied during partial oxidation and steam reforming of methane using an X‐ray reactor chamber (XRD) coupled with an online mass spectrometer. Also, the susceptibility of these catalysts to oxidation and reduction by individual reaction components was investigated using TPR, TPO, and in situ XPS techniques. The obtained results indicated the distinct catalytic behavior of copper and nickel catalysts depending on their oxidation state and the importance of coke formation in the activation of the partial oxidation process. The mechanism of re‐reduction of catalysts under reaction conditions and a method to increase the activity of nickel catalysts are proposed.
The power and pitfalls of using social media to study rare cancers
Authors: Nelson Bryn , Faquin William
Published: July 2024

This news section is written by a medical journalist and offers Cancer Cytopathology readers timely information on events, issues, and personalities of interest to the subspecialty. This issue covers how Facebook, X, and other platforms can aid patient education and recruitment efforts in studying rare cancers.
Enhancement of TiO2‐Based Composite With Low Carbon‐Based Component Ratio for Improved Hydrogen Generation via Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Perović Klara , Kovačić Marin , Kraljić Roković Marijana , Kušić Hrvoje , Genorio Boštjan , Štangar Urška Lavrenčić , Novak Tušar Nataša , Božić Ana Lončarić
Published: July 2024

Composite between titanium dioxide (TiO2) and (reduced) graphene oxide (R(GO)) was prepared using a two‐stage solvothermal synthesis with variable R(GO) mass ratios (0.01–5 wt.%). Partial reduction of the precursor solution of GO to RGO took place during the solvothermal synthesis at the elevated pressure and temperature conditions. The structural, morphological, and semiconducting characteristics of the obtained binary composites were determined and their capacity of hydrogen production via photocatalytic water splitting in the presence of triethanolamine (TEOA) as sacrificial agent under the simulated solar light irradiation was tested. Photocatalytic experiments have showed that even low mass ratios of R(GO) component (below 1 wt.%) can have a great influence on the photocatalytic activity and properties of the obtained material. The results showed that even a partial reduction of GO to RGO had a positive impact on the photocatalytic properties of the as‐prepared materials. The composite with 0.05 R(GO) wt.% achieved the highest H2 generation rate of 139 μmol/h/g and maintained high photostability. The incorporation of R(GO) into the TiO2 matrix enhanced efficient charge separation, reduced the energy bandgap (Eg), and thus increased the visible light response (ΔE), leading to more effective hydrogen production.
Rapid generation of single‐insertion transgenics by Tol2 transposition in zebrafish
Authors: Kalvaitytė Miglė , Gabrilavičiūtė Sofija , Balciunas Darius
Published: July 2024

Background

The Tol2 transposable element is the most widely used transgenesis tool in zebrafish. However, its high activity almost always leads to multiple unlinked integrations of the transgenic cassette in F1 fish. Each of these transgenes is susceptible to positional effects from the surrounding regulatory landscape, which can lead to altered expression and, consequently, activity. Scientists therefore must strike a balance between the need to maximize reproducibility by establishing single‐insertion transgenic lines and the need to complete experiments within a reasonable timeframe.

Results

In this article, we introduce a simple competitive dilution strategy for rapid generation of single‐insertion transgenics. By using cry:BFP reporter plasmid as a competitor, we achieved a nearly fourfold reduction in the number of the transgene of interest integrations while simultaneously increasing the proportion of single‐insertion F1 generation transgenics to over 50%. We also observed variations in transgene of interest expression among independent single‐insertion transgenics, highlighting that the commonly used ubiquitous ubb promoter is susceptible to position effects.

Conclusions

Wide application of our competitive dilution strategy will save time, reduce animal usage, and improve reproducibility of zebrafish research.
Reservoir‐excess pressure parameters are independently associated with NT‐proBNP in older adults
Authors: Aizawa Kunihiko , Hughes Alun D. , Casanova Francesco , Gooding Kim M. , Gates Phillip E. , Mawson David M. , Williams Jennifer , Goncalves Isabel , Nilsson Jan , Khan Faisel , Colhoun Helen M. , Palombo Carlo , Parker Kim H. , Shore Angela C.
Published: July 2024

Aims

Parameters derived from reservoir‐excess pressure analysis have been demonstrated to predict cardiovascular events. Thus, altered reservoir‐excess pressure parameters could have a detrimental effect on highly‐perfused organs like the heart. We aimed to cross‐sectionally determine whether reservoir‐excess pressure parameters were associated with N‐terminal pro‐brain‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) in older adults.

Methods

We studied 868 older adults with diverse cardiovascular risk. Reservoir‐excess pressure parameters were obtained through radial artery tonometry including reservoir pressure integral, peak reservoir pressure, excess pressure integral (INTXSP), systolic rate constant (SRC) and diastolic rate constant (DRC). Plasma levels of NT‐proBNP, as a biomarker of cardiac overload, were analysed by the Proximity Extension Assay technology.

Results

Multivariable linear regression analyses revealed that all reservoir‐excess pressure parameters studied were associated with NT‐proBNP after adjusting for age and sex. After further adjustments for conventional cardiovascular risk factors, INTXSP [β = 0.191 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.099, 0.283), P < 0.001], SRC [β = −0.080 (95% CI: −0.141, −0.019), P = 0.010] and DRC [β = 0.138 (95% CI: 0.073, 0.202), P < 0.001] remained associated with NT‐proBNP. Sensitivity analysis found that there were occasions where the association between SRC and NT‐proBNP was attenuated, but both INTXSP and DRC remained consistently associated with NT‐proBNP.

Conclusions

The observed associations between reservoir‐excess pressure parameters and NT‐proBNP suggest that altered reservoir‐excess pressure parameters may reflect an increased load inflicted on the left ventricular cardiomyocytes and could have a potential to be utilized in the clinical setting for cardiovascular risk stratification.
Notes on morphology of fruits, seeds, and seedlings of Chromolucuma flavilatex (Sapotaceae) from central Amazonia
Authors: Vasconcelos Caroline da Cruz , Al Tareireh Yasmin Harbi Qasem Easa , Costa Daniel da Silva , Calvi Geângelo Petene , Camargo José Luís Campana , Terra‐Araujo Mário Henrique , Ferraz Isolde Dorothea Kossmann
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to describe and illustrate the fruits, seeds, and seedlings of Chromolucuma flavilatex (Chrysophylloideae, Sapotaceae) from central Amazonia and briefly discusses their taxonomic relevance. The observed characters can support our hypothesis that embryo morphology and seedling type are consistent in Chromolucuma species, as well as in other genera of Chrysophylloideae. In addition, we complement the original description of the fruits and seeds of C. flavilatex collected from the same tree of the type specimen and provide descriptions and illustrations of the early stages of seedling development of this species to facilitate its recognition.
Cholinergic and behavior‐dependent beta and gamma waves are coupled between olfactory bulb and hippocampus
Authors: Leung L. Stan , Gill Ravnoor Singh , Shen Bixia , Chu Liangwei
Published: July 2024

Olfactory oscillations may enhance cognitive processing through coupling with beta (β, 15–30 Hz) and gamma (γ, 30–160 Hz) activity in the hippocampus (HPC). We hypothesize that coupling between olfactory bulb (OB) and HPC oscillations is increased by cholinergic activation in control rats and is reduced in kainic‐acid‐treated epileptic rats, a model of temporal lobe epilepsy. OB γ2 (63–100 Hz) power was higher during walking and immobility‐awake (IMM) compared to sleep, while γ1 (30–57 Hz) power was higher during grooming than other behavioral states. Muscarinic cholinergic agonist pilocarpine (25 mg/kg ip) with peripheral muscarinic blockade increased OB power and OB‐HPC coherence at β and γ1 frequency bands. A similar effect was found after physostigmine (0.5 mg/kg ip) but not scopolamine (10 mg/kg ip). Pilocarpine increased bicoherence and cross‐frequency coherence (CFC) between OB slow waves (SW, 1–5 Hz) and hippocampal β, γ1 and γ2 waves, with stronger coherence at CA1 alveus and CA3c than CA1 stratum radiatum. Bicoherence further revealed a nonlinear interaction of β waves in OB with β waves at the CA1‐alveus. Beta and γ1 waves in OB or HPC were segregated at one phase of the OB‐SW, opposite to the phase of γ2 and γ3 (100–160 Hz) waves, suggesting independent temporal processing of β/γ1 versus γ2/γ3 waves. At CA1 radiatum, kainic‐acid‐treated epileptic rats compared to control rats showed decreased theta power, theta‐β and theta‐γ2 CFC during baseline walking, decreased CFC of HPC SW with γ2 and γ3 waves during baseline IMM, and decreased coupling of OB SW with β and γ2 waves at CA1 alveus after pilocarpine. It is concluded that β and γ waves in the OB and HPC are modulated by a slow respiratory rhythm, in a cholinergic and behavior‐dependent manner, and OB‐HPC functional connectivity at β and γ frequencies may enhance cognitive functions.
Ensuring patient safety when managing concentrated insulin glargine and insulin degludec at hospital admission
Authors: Kelley Denise , Addison Janci , Janzen Kristin , Wulfe Steven
Published: July 2024

The development and use of concentrated insulins have increased in recent years. This can pose unique challenges when transitioning to a non‐concentrated insulin during an inpatient admission. There is no clear consensus on the recommended interchange of the various concentrated insulins in the inpatient setting, with suggestions ranging from implementing a 1:1 unit dose conversion, a minimum 20% dose reduction or selecting an approach based on the total daily dose of the concentrated insulin. In a retrospective cohort analysis at a single health system, a greater number of hypoglycemic events occurred when implementing a 1:1 unit conversion of insulin glargine 300 units/mL (iGlar300) to insulin detemir 100 units/mL (iDet100) compared to the same conversion from insulin glargine 100 units/mL (iGlar100) to iDet100. This prompted identification of a standardized approach that would improve patient safety while also being operationally feasible at a multi‐hospital network. The solution of implementing a minimum 20% dose reduction successfully improved hypoglycemia rates upon transitioning from iGlar300 to iDet100, though many logistical challenges were faced. Although iDet100 is being phased off the market, adhering to this minimum 20% dose reduction is the recommended approach when transitioning from iGlar300 to iGlar100, and this challenge persists as a relevant issue. Ensuring health systems are equipped to implement dose reductions when transitioning from concentrated basal insulins to non‐concentrated basal insulin counterparts is paramount for maintaining patient safety. This paper will discuss the limited evidence available supporting optimal dosing when transitioning iGlar300 and insulin degludec 200 units/mL (iDeg200) to non‐concentrated basal insulins and serve as a “how to” implementation guide for other health systems, based on one health system's approach in navigating this emerging patient safety issue.
Pharmacist review of discharge antibiotics for urinary tract infections in the emergency department
Authors: Sofeso Sarah Temi , Plasencia Emily , Safri Ana A. , White Cedric S. , Farrell Natalija Mead , Corio Jessica L. , Lindale Danielle Kebadjian , Palmer Madeline , Gendron Bryan J.
Published: July 2024

Emergency medicine (EM) pharmacists provide high‐quality patient care in a fast‐paced environment by optimizing pharmacotherapy regimens and reducing medication errors. Current literature demonstrates higher rates of medication errors with antibiotics compared with other medication classes. The aim of this quality improvement (QI) project was to reduce medication errors by 25% from baseline for antibiotic discharge prescriptions for urinary tract infections (UTIs). This QI initiative utilized the Institute for Healthcare Improvement Model for Improvement to implement a UTI stewardship intervention and prospective pharmacist review of discharge prescriptions. Patients discharged from the adult ED with an electronic prescription for UTI treatment with select antibiotics were included. The primary outcome metric was the percent of medication errors, defined as a composite of appropriate antibiotic agent, dose, frequency, and treatment duration based on our local treatment algorithm. The balancing metric was time spent per order reviewed. Data over time were assessed using statistical process control charts. A total of 534 antibiotic prescriptions were reviewed from January 9, 2022 to May 31, 2023. The most common indication was cystitis (70%), followed by pyelonephritis (17.4%) and asymptomatic bacteriuria (12.5%). Composite error rate decreased from 64.2% to 5%. Duration of therapy was the most common baseline error and was reduced from 45.3% to 11.6%. Errors in agent, dose and frequency decreased from 19.7% to 3.5%, 10.3% to 0.8% and from 5.7% to 0%, respectively. The aim of this QI initiative was achieved through a series of interventions, including prospective review of discharge antibiotics for UTIs by EM pharmacists, which reduced medication errors. This project demonstrates EM pharmacists have a positive impact in optimization of antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of UTIs.