bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Starch Content on Morphology, Mechanical Properties, and Thermal Properties of Mullite-Based Porous Ceramic as a Candidate Filter in Aluminum Casting
Authors: Anis Muhammad , Wahyudi Kristanto , Jaka Fajar Fatriansyah , Athallah Nur Muhammad Ariq , Suharno Bambang , Azhari Ahmad , Dhaneswara Donanta
Published: September 2023

Research on ceramic filters, needed in the aluminum casting industry because of their ability to filter inclusions, has been done. This study's primary material to make ceramic or local filters is kaolin. The manufacture of local filters in this study uses the dry press method. In this study, potato starch with a composition of 5%, 10%, and 15% acted as a pore-former in the local filter. The local filter burned to a temperature of about 1200°C to obtain the mullite phase. Local filter characterization used SEM, XRD, XRF, and DTA. Several tests were carried out in this study, including Permanent Linear Change (PLC) test, thermal expansion test, flexural strength test, and porosity test. The results obtained in this study show that pores on the local filter are not open, have a prolate shape, and have an average pore size of 10 to 55 m. Burning kaolin up to 1200°C proved successful in obtaining the mullite phase. Another result of this study, the more starch content added to the material, the greater the shrinkage and expansion of the material; the highest shrinkage value on the material is 0.17%, and the highest expansion value of the material is 0,29%, the 15% values owned by potato starch. It is different in the flexural strength value, which has the highest value with 0% potato starch at 14.14 MPa and the lowest value with 15% potato starch at 5.39 MPa.
Mechanical Property Evaluation of (Jute Fibre, Banana Fibre and Groundnut Husk Powder) Reinforced Composite Material
Authors: Sai Madineni Shanthan , Kumar S. Prateep , Rajesh M.
Published: September 2023

This project aims to evaluate the mechanical properties of composite materials reinforced with jute, banana fibres, and groundnut husk powder reinforced with LY556 resin and HY951 hardener. The study investigates the potential of these natural fibres and powders as a replacement for traditional synthetic fibres in the development of lightweight and environmentally friendly composite materials. The composites will be prepared by blending the natural fibres with a thermosetting resin matrix. Four samples are fabricated by using hand lay-up technique. The composition of the composites will be optimized by varying the fibre volume fraction and the ratio of the different types of fibres, and the mechanical properties of these materials will be evaluated using standard ASTM testing procedures. The results of the study will be used to analyze the effects of fibre content, and the inclusion of groundnut husk powder on the mechanical properties of the composites, such as tensile test, flexural test, compression test and hardness test. The findings of this research could contribute to the development of new and improved composite materials that are sustainable, cost-effective, and have desirable mechanical properties for various applications, such as construction, automotive, and packaging industries.
Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite
Authors: Yadav Shubhender Singh , Gupta Pankaj Kumar , Gupta Bachchu Lal
Published: September 2023

The use of natural fibers in composite is increasing day by due to eco-friendly nature of the fibres and reuse of waste. Natural fibers can be classified according to their source of origin such as plant fiber, mineral fiber, and animal fiber. In the present article, epoxy was taken as the matrix and wool fiber for reinforcement with flax flax fiber for fabricating the composite using the hand layup technique. The impact of the hybridization of flax and wool fibers on the mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composite was investigated. These fibers were blended in varying percentages with fixed fiber content of 5% [(100% flax fiber), (40% wool/60% flax fiber), (50% flax/50% wool fiber), (60% wool fiber/40% flax), (100% wool fiber)] with epoxy resin and sampled as F5, WF23, WF2.5, WF32, and W5 respectively. Tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength were investigated through experimentation. All hybrid composites outperformed non-hybrid wool fiber composites in terms of mechanical properties. The wool fiber is poor in mechanical strength which was compensated by high strength of flax fiber.
The Effect of Fermentation on Increasing the Physico-Chemical Quality of Fish Feed Based on Food Waste
Authors: Cahya Muhamad Dwi , Andriani Yuli , Risdiana Risdiana , Rossiana Nia , Wiyatna Muhamad Fatah
Published: September 2023

Fish feed is the crucial aspect of aquaculture activities, 70% of production costs are spent on feed availability. However, the high price of commercial feed causes a decrease in farmers' profits, so a solution is needed to reduce feed costs. Food waste has a good potential to be used as a fish feed material. The fermentation of food waste should improve its quality and ensure that food waste is safe to use as feed material. As a result of various tests of Proximate, FTIR, SEM, and Physical Quality test it has been shown that the fermentation process can significantly improve the nutritional quality of food waste without changing the functional groups and the reduction of the particle size after the fermentation process is also capable to improve the physical quality of feed. We conclude that the fermentation process is the best method of improving the physical and chemical quality of food waste and the addition of fermented food waste meal to feed did not negatively affect the physical quality of feed produced.
Associations Between Core Temperature Disorders and Outcomes of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Kiekkas Panagiotis , Kourtis Grigorios , Feizidou Paraskevi , Igoumenidis Michael , Almpani Eleni , Tzenalis Anastasios
Published: September 2023

Background

The few studies of associations between fever and outcomes in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients have conflicting findings. Associations between hypothermia and patient outcomes have not been studied.

Objective

To investigate the incidence and characteristics of fever and hypothermia and their associations with adverse outcomes among PICU patients.

Methods

Patients consecutively admitted to 2 PICUs in a 2-year period were prospectively studied. Core temperature was mainly measured by rectal or axillary thermometry. Fever and hypothermia were defined as core temperatures of greater than 38.0 °C and less than 36.0 °C, respectively. Prolonged mechanical ventilation, prolonged PICU stay, and PICU mortality were the adverse patient outcomes studied. Associations between patient outcomes and core temperature disorders were evaluated with univariate comparisons and multivariate analyses.

Results

Of 545 patients enrolled, fever occurred in 299 (54.9%) and hypothermia occurred in 161 (29.5%). Both temperature disorders were independently associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation and prolonged PICU stay (P < .001) but not with PICU mortality. Late onset of fever (P < .001) and hypothermia (P = .009) were independently associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation, fever magnitude and duration (both P < .001) were independently associated with prolonged PICU stay, and fever magnitude (P < .001) and infectious cause of hypothermia (P= .01) were independently associated with higher PICU mortality.

Conclusions

These findings provide evidence that the manifestation and characteristics of fever and hypothermia are independent predictors of adverse outcomes in PICU patients.
Residual Psychomotor Skills of Orderlies After a Novel Chest Compression Training Intervention
Authors: Voizard Philippe , Vincelette Christian , Carrier François Martin , Sokoloff Catalina
Published: September 2023

Background

High-quality chest compressions are essential to favorable patient outcomes after in-hospital cardiac arrest. Without frequent training, however, skill in performing compressions declines considerably. The Timely Chest Compression Training (T-CCT) intervention was introduced in 2019 as a quality improvement initiative to address this problem. The long-term impact of the T-CCT is unknown.

Methods

A cohort study was conducted at a university-affiliated hospital in Quebec, Canada. Chest compression performance among orderlies was measured by using a subtractive scoring model and mannequins. The association of exposure to the T-CCT 10 months earlier with having an excellent chest compression performance (score ≥90 out of 100), after adjusting for potential confounders, was examined.

Results

A total of 412 orderlies participated in the study. More than half (n = 232, 56%) had been exposed to the T-CCT, and the rest (n = 180, 44%) had not. Nearly half (n = 106, 46%) of orderlies exposed to the T-CCT had an excellent performance, compared with less than one-third (n = 53, 30%) of nonexposed orderlies. In univariable analysis, previous exposure to the T-CCT was associated with 1.53 times greater risk of having an excellent performance (risk ratio, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.17-1.99). This effect remained after adjustment for potential confounders (risk ratio, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.19-2.07).

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that the T-CCT has a lasting effect on the psychomotor skills of orderlies 10 months after initial exposure. Further research should investigate the impact of the intervention on patient outcomes after in-hospital cardiac arrest.
Pyrolysis as a value added method for plastic waste management: A review on converting LDPE and HDPE waste into fuel
Authors: Uthpalani P. G. I. , Premachandra J. K. , De Silva D. S. M. , Weerasinghe V. P. A.
Published: September 2023

The global demand for plastic is increasing year by year due to its indispensable uses and excellent properties. Plastic wastes persist for many years due to their slow deterioration and cause severe environmental problems. Therefore, there is a growing focus worldwide on plastic waste disposal methods to overcome adverse environmental impacts. As plastics are petroleum-based materials, the pyrolysis of plastics to fuel oil, gases, and char, has more concern than the other plastic waste management methods of recycling and landfilling. A yield of 70-80 wt.% of liquid fuel from pyrolysis waste has been reported elsewhere, emerging the importance and aptness of this method in plastic waste management. The common reactor types for the pyrolysis process are batch reactor, semi-batch reactor, spouted bed reactor, and fluidized bed reactor.  The common catalysts employed in plastic pyrolysis were zeolites, including ZSM-5, HUSY, Zeolite X, and Y. The pore structure and the catalyst’s acidity are the most influencing parameters in increasing the liquid yield and the quality of the oil produced in the pyrolysis process. This paper reviews the existing literature on pyrolysis processes developed for HDPE and LDPE wastes globally and their governing factors. Furthermore, emissions in the pyrolysis process and engine combustion of the fuel oil, performance, and emission characteristics were discussed. Although plastic waste separation prior to its management is a challenging process, this review highlights the conversion of waste plastic into energy as a smart way to meet the rising demands.
Antivenoms for local effects of snake envenoming 
Authors: Madhushani Umesha , Isbister Geoffrey K. , Hodgson Wayne C. , Siribaddana Sisira , Silva Anjana
Published: September 2023

Snake envenoming is a significant public health issue that disproportionately affects the poorest communities in the tropical regions. There is a spectrum of local effects following snakebite, including pain, swelling, bluish discolouration, haemorrhagic blistering, local tissue necrosis and gangrene at the bite site. In severe local envenomings, significant tissue loss and impaired function can occur and may result in permanent disability in snakebite survivors. Although the mainstay of hospital treatment for snake envenoming is antivenom, its effectiveness for local effects remains contentious.  The preclinical efficacy of antivenoms against the local effects of envenoming is examined with a range of in-vivo and in-vitro tests. Most of these tests are only capable of examining the ability of the antivenom to prevent, rather than reverse, the local effect. A limitation of the above tests is that they do not consider venom pharmacokinetics or the time course of irreversible effects in envenomed humans. Therefore, more clinically relevant experimental models of antivenom efficacy are required. We searched MEDLINE for studies on the local effects of snakebite. The current clinical literature on the effectiveness of antivenom for local effects appears to be limited. We identified only two randomised trials that compared antivenom with placebo and six randomised trials that tested the effectiveness of one antivenom or one dosage regimen of an antivenom compared to another antivenom or different dosage of antivenom for preventing or reversing the local effects. All these studies were on viperine envenomings. In addition, several studies without a control/comparative group have commented on antivenom effectiveness, although they invariably have significant bias. The existing studies had contrasting conclusions, including no effect of antivenom, antivenom halting the progression of local effects, early antivenom preventing the occurrence of severe local effects including necrosis, early antivenom leading to faster functional improvement, antivenom accelerating the resolution of local effects, or no conclusion. Future research needs to focus on well-designed studies investigating whether the early administration of antivenom will prevent severe local effects.
Socio-demographic profile and clinical co-morbidities of cannabis users attending a tertiary care hospital in India: A retrospective case record study
Authors: Jha Soumya , Jha Rupa , Fernandes Wenona , Srivastava Ashish
Published: September 2023

Context:

Cannabis use has been the most commonly used illicit psychoactive substance in India. Increasing use of cannabis has been associated with an increased risk of co-morbid psychotic spectrum disorders with worse outcomes. This risk increases with increased use in a dose-dependent manner. A very complex association exists between cannabis use and mental illness hence it is essential to understand the relationship between the two to facilitate better care and management.

Aim:

The present study was conducted to assess the socio-demographic profile and psychiatric co-morbidities of cannabis users attending a tertiary mental health establishment in Goa.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective case record study was carried out among self-reported cannabis users attending services at a tertiary mental health establishment from June 2021 to June 2022. Data regarding cannabis use, clinical profile, and socio-demographic profile of the individuals was obtained and analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.

Results:

One hundred and sixty-four cannabis users were evaluated which consisted of 140 males and 24 females, the mean age being 28 years with a standard deviation of 7.68. Ganja was the most commonly used form smoked as joints. The median age of initiation was 18 with females starting at a later age than males. Later initiation was associated with using lower quantities. Concurrent alcohol and nicotine use was present in 90% of the cases. The most commonly associated diagnosis was substance-induced psychosis.

Conclusions:

Cannabis use in individuals with mental illness is more common in males and an early age of initiation was linked to earlier age of onset of psychiatric illness.
Acute and transient psychotic disorders: A review of Indian research
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Kathiravan Sanjana
Published: September 2023

Background:

Acute and transient psychotic disorder (ATPD) was recognized as separate from other psychotic disorders and described in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) tenth revision for the first time. A lot of research on ATPD has been conducted in India over the last six decades, but a review focusing exclusively on Indian research on ATPD is not available.

Aim:

This paper aims to review the literature on ATPD emerging from India.

Methodology:

A combination of search terms “Acute and Transient Psychosis,” “acute psychosis,” “non-affective psychosis,” “non-affective psychotic disorder,” “reactive psychosis,” “first-episode psychosis,” and “India” were searched on various search engines like PUBMED, Medknow, Hinari, and Google Scholar. We also did a hand search for additional relevant articles, including published abstracts of the Indian Journal of Psychiatry from 2007 to 2023. Relevant papers were selected.

Results:

The prevalence of ATPD varies across different study settings, and it tends to have an abrupt to acute onset, and is primarily associated with stress. Few studies have assessed the subtypes of ATPD, and symptom profile has been inconsistently reported. There is a lack of trials on the effectiveness or efficacy of antipsychotics in ATPD patients. In a large proportion of patients initially diagnosed with ATPD, the diagnosis remains stable, with recurrence varying from 10% to 46.6% based on the duration of follow-up.

Conclusion:

There is a need for more multicentric studies, studies with larger sample sizes, and consistency in data about risk factors. There is a need to evaluate symptom profile, course, outcome, and treatment outcomes in patients with ATPD using validated instruments to improve our understanding. Further, there is a need for comparative studies to evaluate the risk factors for ATPD.
Toward a national policy on Alcohol: A complex public health issue in need of urgent action
Authors: Parmar Arpit , Balhara Yatan Pal Singh , Singh Amit
Published: September 2023

Alcohol use is a major public health issue. It is also associated with a range of family, social, and economic problems. This led multiple countries worldwide to adopt national policies for alcohol regulation. Over the years, alcohol use and related problems have increased in India. The existing regulatory framework on alcohol varies greatly across states in terms of government sanctions, pricing, and legal drinking age, resulting in variations in its availability and prevalence of alcohol use disorder and related harms. Despite alcohol use being mentioned in several national policies and plans, a comprehensive national policy addressing alcohol is lacking. In this manuscript, the need for a dedicated national alcohol policy is underscored, emphasizing its potential to mobilize resources, prioritize interventions, and guide various stakeholders. The timely implementation of such a policy is crucial to address the multifaceted challenge of alcohol use effectively.
Prevalence and correlates of loneliness in the later life—insights from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave-1
Authors: Srivastava Priya , Srivastava Manushi
Published: September 2023

Context:

Loneliness is a psychosocial problem that can affect anyone at any age in any circumstances, but it has become a serious issue of concern among the elderly.

Aim:

The present study aims to examine the overall and state and union-territories-wise prevalence of loneliness among India’s elderly population and exploring the correlates of loneliness in old age.

Method:

The study is based on secondary data from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave-1 (2017-2018) data collected from a total of 30,394 older adults aged 60 and above excluding missing responses. Frequent loneliness was measured using a single question asking how often you feel alone.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test, and bivariate logistic regression were used to meet the objectives. The statistical significance was set at <0.05.

Results:

13.4% of elderly reported frequent loneliness. The prevalence of loneliness among elderly was found to be maximum in Andaman and Nicobar Island and minimum in Tripura. Age, current marital status, region, religion, MPCE quintile, number of chronic conditions, number of Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) difficulties, involvement in physical activity, involvement in yoga/meditation, number of social networks, participation in social activities, and involvement in leisure activities like reading books, watching TV, or using computer were found to be significantly associated with loneliness.

Conclusion:

Not being in a marital union, having more than two chronic conditions, more than two ADL and IADL difficulties, being physically inactive, non-involvement in Yoga/Meditation, and small social network are associated with higher loneliness.
Guided tissue regeneration and orthodontic movement for the treatment of pathological migration in esthetic zone
Authors: Chodankar Vaishnavi Ramakant , Baheti Nikita Ravindra , Karemore Vaibhav Anandrao , Bhad Wasundhara Ashok , Phadnaik Mangesh Bhalchandra , Chavan Santosh Jetu
Published: September 2023

Pathological migration is one of the chief complaints of patients-seeking dental treatment. It results in difficulty in mastication, speech, poor esthetic appearance, and decreased self-confidence. The prevalence ranges from 21.73% to 55.8% in patients having moderate-to-severe periodontitis. In this presentation, a 38-year-old adult male, systemically healthy, nonsmoking presented with the complaint of mobility and forward displacement of maxillary anterior tooth causing poor esthetic appearance and low self-esteem. He was treated with the interdisciplinary approach of periodontal and orthodontic intervention. Two-year posttreatment follow-up shows significant improvement in esthetics, periodontal status, and boosted the self-confidence of the patient and improved the oral health-related quality of life. This case emphasizes the importance of regenerative therapy and orthodontic movement for the treatment of periodontally compromised pathologically migrated tooth in adult patient.
A comparative assessment of antibacterial properties of neem oil coated sutures: An in vitro study
Authors: Kaur Bhavneet , Sekhar Vidya , Sharma Prashansa , Malhotra Sumit , Jain Anshi
Published: September 2023

Background:

When it comes to surgical site infection (SSI), it has been shown that two-thirds of wound infections starts around the incision line and the number is even greater in the presence of sutures. Therefore, a number of compounds have been used to coat the suture materials which tend to decrease the SSI some of which include ciprofloxacin, Aloe vera, and chlorhexidine.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to assess the antibacterial properties of neem oil-coated sutures in anaerobic culture media when compared to triclosan-coated sutures and uncoated sutures.

Materials and Methods:

The phosphate-buffered saline solution containing the plaque samples of the patients was transferred evenly onto the sterile agar media. Equal segments of 100% neem oil coated (Group 1), 50% neem oil coated (Group 2), triclosan-coated (Group 3), and uncoated (Group 4) sutures were placed on the agar plate. These were then incubated at 37°C for 24 h. The inhibition zone was calculated in mm by measuring of the zone of inhibition (ZOI) in terms of length, breadth, and area.

Results:

The results were calculated following the incubation. The mean length for 100% neem oil-coated suture was 2.61 mm ± 0.2 and for 50% neem oil-coated suture was 2.49 mm ± 0.24. The mean breadth for 100% neem oil-coated suture was 1.5 mm ± 0.41 and for 50% neem oil-coated suture the mean was 0.95 mm ± 0.58. The mean area for 100% neem oil-coated suture was 77 mm ± 32.9 and for 50% neem oil-coated suture was 16.8 mm ± 11.14. Triclosan and uncoated sutures did not show any ZOI.

Conclusion:

The 100% neem oil-coated sutures had the largest length, breadth, and area of ZOI in the anaerobic culture media, followed by 50% neem oil-coated sutures. Triclosan-coated and uncoated sutures did not show any ZOI. Therefore, neem oil-coated suture can be used in the overall healing and prevention of postoperative discomfort after oral surgical procedures.
Effectiveness of subgingival irrigation and powered toothbrush as home care maintenance protocol in type 2 diabetic patients with active periodontal disease: A 4-month randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kaur Jaspreet , Grover Vishakha , Gupta Jyoti , Gupta Mili , Kapur Vinay , Mehta Manjula , Lyle Deborah M. , Samujh Tanvi , Jain Ashish
Published: September 2023

Background:

There is a bidirectional link between diabetes and periodontal disease. Control of active periodontal infection is an essential requisite to maintain optimal oral and systemic health in diabetic patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of subgingival irrigation and powered toothbrush as home care maintenance protocol in type 2 diabetic patients with active periodontal disease compared to routine oral hygiene.

Materials and Methods:

Forty (n = 40) diabetic (HbA1c >7%) patients were enrolled in this parallel, examiner-blind, interventional clinical trial. Patients were randomized into two groups: Group A (sonic toothbrush and irrigation with water twice daily) or Group B (manual toothbrush and mouth rinsing with 0.12% Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) twice daily)). All patients received Phase I therapybefore the start of the study. Clinical parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], oral hygiene index [OHI], pocket depth [PD], clinical attachment level [CAL], and bleeding index [BI]) were assessed at baseline, 1, 2, and 4 months. Levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), HbA1c, and interleukin (IL)-1 β were assessed at baseline and 4 months only. Verbal and written instructions were provided to each subject specific to their intervention allocation. Descriptive, parametric, and nonparametric analyses were used where appropriate.

Results:

Sixteen (n = 16) patients in Group A and fifteen (n = 15) patients in Group B completed the 4-month study. Both groups showed a significant difference in BI, PD, CAL, and HbA1c from baseline to 4 months. There were no differences within groups for OHI, GI, or PI and CRP, IL-1 β. The results are based on an underpowered study due to the drop out of 9 patients reducing the number below the needed 19 patients per group based on the power analysis.

Conclusion:

Results from this study provide information for future studies on self-care regimens for individuals living with Type 2 diabetes.
A pilot study on the comparative evaluation of residual periodontal ligament in extracted teeth of chronic periodontitis patients with and without type 2 diabetes – Vital function of an occult dimension
Authors: Majo Irene , Manovijay B. , Jacob Mathew , Rajathi P. , Fenn Saramma Mathew , Ravi Saranyan
Published: September 2023

Background:

Periodontitis is the most common type of periodontal condition, primarily affecting middle-aged people and resulting in tooth loss; when combined with diabetes, it becomes a debilitating condition. The aim of this study is to compare the residual periodontal ligament length in periodontitis patients with and without diabetes.

Materials and Methods:

The cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the department of periodontics over 5 months. The patients in the study were divided into two groups. Group 1 comprised patients with periodontitis without type 2 diabetes and Group 2 comprised patients with periodontitis with type 2 diabetes. A total of 100 teeth 50 from each group were collected. The teeth were stained, and the Residual Periodontal Ligament (RPL) of all tooth aspects and surfaces to a total of 544 were measured. Two points were identified for measuring the RPL. The first point was from the apex of the tooth and the second point was the highest marking of the stain. The length from these two points was recorded as the RPL. Following which, means from Groups 1 and 2 were calculated to determine the rate of destruction. The average of the values for each tooth was calculated to determine the percentage of RPL in each tooth and surface. The Mann–Whitney test was used to compare the RPL of the teeth surfaces and Group 1 and Group 2 and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The RPL was higher in nondiabetic patients, with a mean value of 23.66 mm, when compared to diabetic patients, with a mean RPL of 17.05 mm, implying that diabetic patients showed greater periodontal destruction. Buccal tooth surfaces displayed a mean RPL of 4.24 mm and 6.00 mm, lingual/palatal tooth surfaces with 4.02 mm and 5.91 mm, mesial tooth surfaces with 3.82 mm and 5.64 mm, and distal tooth surfaces showed 4.14 mm and 5.67 mm (diabetic and nondiabetic, respectively) with (P < 0.001) found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion:

This study observed that the destruction rate of the periodontal ligament was higher in diabetic teeth than in nondiabetic teeth, implying that patients with metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes influence the response of periodontal tissues to periodontitis and that hyperglycemia impacts the periodontal ligament either directly or indirectly.
An investigation into effects of teacher mediation on students’ writing skills self-efficacy belief
Authors: Abebe Wendu Mesele , Weldearegawi Abebe Gebretsadik
Published: September 2023

This study investigated the effects of teacher mediation on students' writing skills self-efficacy beliefs. To achieve the purpose of the study, a quasi-experimental research design was used. The research was done at Hawassa University in the Institute of Technology, and Main Campus which were selected using available sampling technique. The research participants were two sections of first-year undergraduate Natural Science students enrolled in the 2022 academic year. Sections 18 (n=31) and 43 (n=31) were chosen at random among the 76 sections. Tests and questionnaires were employed to collect data. The results revealed that the experimental group outperformed the control groups in their levels of mastery experience, adult-based vicarious experience, social persuasion, and physiological and emotional state when they write essays and paragraphs. Cohen's d test results also showed that teacher mediation affected self-efficacy beliefs sources. The study indicated that employing teacher mediation would enhance students’ writing skills self-efficacy beliefs. Further studies on the applicability of the MLE approach in other language skills are needed.
The role of parents, schools, and social media use in influencing civic engagements of school adolescents in government schools in Addis Ababa
Authors: Bogale Azmeraw Belay , Kibret Belay Tefera
Published: September 2023

The study examined how parents, schools, and social media use influenced civic engagements of school adolescents. It also assessed the mediation role of sense of community and perceived civic competence. Participants were 960 school adolescents (mean age = 17.7, range: 15-19 years; 53.5% females) who were selected using multistage sampling technique. The study employed a correlational design, conducted confirmatory factor analysis, and used structural equation modeling to investigate the direct and indirect (mediated) effects of parental civic socialization, school civic experiences and social media, and independent and combined contributions of predictors on civic engagement. Results have shown that parental civic socialization influenced more on perceived civic competence than sense of community connectedness. School civic experience had a direct influence both on students’ sense of community connectedness and perceived civic competence. The influence of social media use on sense of community and perceived civic competence was not significant. All variables, except school civic experience predicted civic engagement. Parental civic socialization and school civic experience showed statistically significant indirect (mediated) effects on civic engagement, through sense of community and perceived civic competence. Social media use influenced civic engagement directly; however, the mediated effect of sense of community connectedness and perceived civic competence was not statistically significant. Conclusions and recommendations in light of the implications of findings for educational practice and parenting are drawn.
Non-exhaust particulate pollution in Asian countries: A comprehensive review of sources, composition, and health effects
Authors: Roy Anamika , Mandal Mamun , Das Sujit , Kumar Manoj , Popek Robert , Awasthi Amit , Giri Balendu Shekher , Mondal Kartick Chandra , Sarkar Abhijit
Published: September 2023

Recent regulations on exhaust emissions have led to an increase in non-exhaust emissions, which now surpasses exhaust emissions. Non-exhaust emissions are mainly generated from brake and tire particle abrasion, road wear, and re-suspended road dust. In Asia, non-exhaust emissions have increased significantly over the past 50 years, resulting in almost 92% of the population breathing polluted air, which accounts for 70% of air pollution related-deaths. Most Asian countries with poor air quality are developing or underdeveloped. Taking this into consideration, the current study aims to shed light on particulate pollution from non-exhaust emissions in the Asian context to assess the current status and its health consequences and provides technological solutions. The study is based on an in-depth analysis of existing reviews and research concerning non-exhaust emissions and their health impacts in Asia to pinpoint knowledge gaps. The study found that particulate pollutants had exceeded WHO's standards in many Asian countries, bringing deleterious health consequences among children and the elderly. The findings underscore the significance of future researchers' efforts to devise solutions that curtail non-exhaust emissions, ultimately reducing air pollution, augmenting air quality, fostering better health outcomes, and paving way for a more sustainable future before it is too late.
K-stability for varieties with a big anticanonical class
Authors: Xu Chenyang
Published: September 2023

We extend the algebraic K-stability theory to projective klt pairs with a big anticanonical class. While in general such a pair could behave pathologically, it is observed in this note that K-semistability condition will force them to have a klt anticanonical model, whose stability property is the same as the original pair.

Comment: 9 pages, Final version
El cálculo del tamaño de la muestra en la investigación científica.
Authors: Gamboa Graus Michel Enrique
Published: September 2023

Este artículo proporciona una visión general de los enfoques comunes y los factores que afectan la determinación del tamaño de la muestra en varios diseños de estudio, incluyendo estudios experimentales, observacionales, cualitativos y de encuesta. Se discute la metodología utilizada para determinar el tamaño de muestra, junto con los desafíos, limitaciones e importancia de informar la determinación del tamaño de muestra en los estudios de investigación y proporciona pautas para hacerlo. El artículo concluye con la necesidad de que los investigadores consideren cuidadosamente la determinación del tamaño de muestra al diseñar estudios para garantizar resultados válidos y confiables. El artículo proporciona un recurso útil para investigadores y profesionales involucrados en el diseño e implementación de estudios.
Relación de la motivación y estrategias de aprendizaje en estudiantes de educación superior.
Authors: González Vázquez Annel , Ortiz Atilano Blanca Lidia
Published: September 2023

Dado la implementación de la educación virtual en todos los niveles educativos, pudiera existir una disminución de la motivación y estrategias de aprendizaje. El objetivo fue identificar la motivación y su relación con las estrategias de aprendizaje en los estudiantes universitarios de la licenciatura en enfermería. Los resultados reportan relación de la motivación y las estrategias de aprendizaje (rs = .691, p =.001), las estrategias de aprendizaje por semestre fueron significativas en organización (U=593.50; p=.046) y autoregulación metacognitiva (U=585.50; p=.039). En conclusión, los resultados sustentan la necesidad de realizar intervenciones dirigidas a estudiantes para aumentar y/o mejorar las estrategias de aprendizaje a lo largo de la carrera universitaria.
Inversión pública en el sector educativo y su relación con la calidad educativa en el Perú durante los años 2018 – 2021.
Authors: Andía Llauca Raúl Teófilo
Published: September 2023

La inversión educativa entre los 2018 al 2021 es el más bajo de toda la región; sin embargo, las investigaciones realizadas demuestran que desde el año 2016 hubo un avance en cuanto a la mejora de la inversión y sueldos de los docentes. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la relación que existe entre la inversión pública y la calidad educativa en el Perú durante los años 2018 – 2021. Se usó la metodología cualitativa. La inversión en educación desde el año 2016 hasta el 2021 ha sido 3.7% a 4% del PBI, mientras que otros países de la región invierten entre 4% y 6% de su PBI. Perú está lejos de tener una política de inversión prioritaria.
Conciencias lingüísticas para el desarrollo del lenguaje de los niños.
Authors: Heras Tiván Christopher Giovanni , Montaluisa Romero Alisson Gissela , Vizcaíno Cárdenas Tania Libertad
Published: September 2023

El objetivo de la presente investigación es implementar talleres de capacitación sobre las conciencias lingüísticas para el desarrollo del lenguaje en niños de cuatro a cinco años. El trabajo investigativo parte del paradigma interpretativo, del enfoque cualitativo, su alcance es descriptivo, las técnicas utilizadas fueron la observación y el trabajo colaborativo con el instrumento PNI (Positivo, Negativo e Interesante), y la selección de la muestra fue no probabilística. Los resultados de la aplicación de los cuatro talleres de capacitación determinaron una mejora sustancial en las cuatro conciencias lingüísticas: fonológica, léxica, semántica y sintáctica, lográndose activar en los docentes los conocimientos, métodos y estrategias adecuadas para fortalecer el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje desde el desarrollo del lenguaje.
Rimas, loas y trabalenguas en el desarrollo del lenguaje oral.
Authors: Calvopiña Chasi Pamela Alexandra , Quinatoa Condemaita Jessica Alexandra , Chancusi Herrera Anita Azucena
Published: September 2023

El lenguaje oral es un conjunto de códigos que le permiten al ser humano comunicarse. Durante la pandemia se evidenció que los párvulos presentaron dificultades en el desarrollo de la oralidad, problemas para formar palabras o sonidos, la capacidad de entender y hablar, tartamudeo y dificultad con los fonemas; para ello, se diseñó una guía de rimas, loas y trabalenguas como estrategia para el desarrollo del lenguaje oral. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa aplicando una ficha de observación, para identificar la problemática acerca del desarrollo del lenguaje en los infantes. Se propone la aplicación del material didáctico el “Trencito de la alegría”, y así se logró el mejoramiento de las competencias orales en los niños de 4 a 5 años.
Influencia del Conectivismo en la generación de aprendizajes significativos del curso de Marketing en estudiantes universitarios, Arequipa, Perú, 2023.
Authors: Fernández Sánchez Diego Gonzalo , Villar Cóndor Rosa Sofía , Villar Cóndor Andrea Carolina , Ramírez Mochcco Jefersson Rogers , Cahui Torres Licely Patricia
Published: September 2023

La investigación tuvo como objetivo general establecer la influencia del conectivismo en la generación de aprendizajes significativos del curso de Marketing en estudiantes universitarios, Arequipa, Perú, 2023. La metodología fue de enfoque mixto, nivel explicativo, tipo aplicativo y uso del método hipotético-deductivo. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por 40 estudiantes de una universidad privada de Arequipa (grupo experimental) y 40 estudiantes de una consultora empresarial (grupo de control). El muestreo fue no probabilístico. Como técnica se usó la encuesta y la observación y como instrumentos el cuestionario, la guía de observación y rúbricas de evaluación. Se concluyó que el conectivismo influye en la generación de aprendizajes significativos de los estudiantes objeto de estudio.
Calidad del servicio electrónico de los supermercados en línea: un análisis de sus dimensiones.
Authors: Medina Chicaiza Ricardo Patricio , Valencia Báez Joyce Rafaela , Chiliquinga Véjar Lorena del Carmen , Silva Ordóñez Iván Fernando
Published: September 2023

El presente artículo analiza la calidad del servicio de portales en línea de los supermercados de la ciudad de Quito, Ecuador, por lo que se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Por medio de la observación directa, se evaluaron los sitios de los supermercados con base a las dimensiones de la calidad del servicio seleccionadas, complementándose con un análisis del rendimiento web. Se resalta en los hallazgos que el nivel de calidad del servicio electrónico de los supermercados es satisfactorio y las dimensiones mejor gestionadas son: privacidad y transacción; por el contrario, la dimensión de personalización requiere atención. Se hace necesaria la optimización de aspectos del sitio para mejorar su rendimiento y consecuentemente aportar a la satisfacción del usuario.
Consecuencias de la contaminación del río Puyo en los moradores.
Authors: Ricardo Velázquez Manuel , Jaramillo Silva Kathya Lisbeth , Llugsha Quishpe Jairo José , Lagua Tipán Josué Valentino
Published: September 2023

Considerada como el balcón de la Amazonía Ecuatoriana, la ciudad de Puyo esta atravesada por varios ríos, de los cuales el Puyo es el más importante, ya que cerca de él encontramos el Malecón Boayacu Puyu, siendo el mayor lugar turístico de la ciudad. En las riberas del río Puyo encontramos asentadas varias comunidades. Las necesidades básicas de los moradores de estas comunidades hacen que el río sea el receptor de los desechos de esta comunidad, provocando la contaminación de las aguas del río Puyo. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar la interacción de las personas y el medioambiente con respecto a la contaminación, a través de una investigación de acción participativa de un grupo de estudiantes.
Análisis de imágenes metalográficas mediante el uso de OpenCV para la estimación del contenido de carbono en acero A36.
Authors: López Espinel Esteban Fernando , Pineda Silva Giovanny Vinicio , Cepeda Miranda Jorge Luís , Zurita Vargas Juan Diego
Published: September 2023

En el estudio se presenta un enfoque novedoso para determinar el contenido de carbono en el acero A36 mediante el análisis de imágenes metalográficas utilizando la biblioteca OpenCV. El método propuesto se basa en una metodología robusta y normalizada para la preparación de muestras metalográficas desarrollada por docentes de UNIANDES en colaboración con un laboratorio especializado. Los resultados obtenidos proporcionan información valiosa para el diseño y desarrollo de materiales en diversos campos de la ingeniería y la investigación científica.
Análisis del Juicio de Amparo como medio de protección para la aplicación de la vacuna contra el virus SARS-CoV2 en menores de edad; una contribución al cumplimiento de los objetivos de la agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible.
Authors: Arenas Valdés Raúl Horacio , Sánchez Jaramillo Emmanuel de Jesús
Published: September 2023

En el presente trabajo se dará a conocer a los postulantes, docentes, estudiantes en derecho y público en general, el medio de control constitucional conocido como Juicio de Amparo, y cómo se convirtió en la Garantía de Defensa del Derecho a la Salud, a efecto de que los menores de edad, por propio derecho, o a través de un padre o tutor, solicitaran la protección del derecho humano violentado. En este trabajo se aborda como a través de la suspensión de plano, provisional y definitiva, se ordena aplicar la vacuna contra el virus SARS-CoV2 a las personas quejosas menores de edad, y con ello se contribuye al cumplimiento del objetivo 3 de la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible.
El principio de doble conformidad y su aplicación en la legislación ecuatoriana: una perspectiva actualizada.
Authors: Bósquez Remache Javier Darío , Montecé Giler Salomón Alejandro , Báez Zambrano Edgar Andrés
Published: September 2023

La legislación penal ecuatoriana establece diversas clases de recursos, siendo los principales el recurso de apelación y el recurso de casación; sin embargo, la sentencia No. 1965-18-EP/21, la Corte Constitucional dispuso la creación de un recurso específico para garantizar el principio del doble conforme. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar los criterios jurídicos expuestos por la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador en la mencionada sentencia, que aborda el derecho al doble conforme. Se empleó una metodología cualitativa con métodos teóricos como el analítico-sintético y el histórico-lógico. A nivel empírico, se aplicaron el método funcional y el análisis documental, además de realizar entrevistas a dos jueces y a dos abogados en ejercicio con conocimientos en la materia.
Educación y política ambiental para el uso de pesticidas en México; análisis y perspectivas para el año 2030.
Authors: Antonio Moreno Pérez Martín Pablo , Ramírez Durán Ninfa , Castillo Sánchez Yazmín , Karam Calderón Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2023

Los pesticidas son cualquier sustancia o mezcla de sustancias destinadas a prevenir o destruir plagas, pero su utilización causa contaminación en el medio ambiente y la salud humana. En México, durante el periodo 2000-2020, el consumo de pesticidas se incrementó en más del 63% y actualmente, no existen estrategias de educación a la población y política ambiental para reducir su consumo. Una alternativa para reducir su consumo es el uso bio-pesticidas, lo que permitiría reducir significativamente el uso de pesticidas tradicionales. Actualmente, México cuenta con cepas microbiológicas nativas con potencial uso como bio-pesticida, y ante esta perspectiva, es necesario fortalecer la educación y política ambiental sobre el uso de pesticidas con la finalidad de disminuir su uso para el año 2030.
El papel de las instituciones en el desarrollo económico. Teoría y evidencia.
Authors: Martínez Chapa Oshiel , Salazar Castillo Jorge Eduardo
Published: September 2023

El presente trabajo analiza las teorías fundamentales en torno al papel de las instituciones en el desarrollo económico. La hipótesis es que las instituciones son fundamentales para alcanzar su máximo potencial. Los métodos empleados son de tipo cualitativo, por cuanto se analizan las teorías de la corriente institucionalista asociada al desarrollo económico y cuantitativo, y dado que se recurre también a la estadística descriptiva para analizar los datos, procedentes del Latino barómetro. El trabajo se estructura de la siguiente forma: la primera parte aborda la introducción; la segunda tiene que ver con el desarrollo y en la misma se revisan la literatura, los métodos empleados y sus resultados; la tercera parte trata de las conclusiones.
Asociación entre la Ansiedad y la depresión en estudiantes de Enfermería de Sinaloa, y el Modelo de Phil Barker.
Authors: Tejada-Rangel Eleazara , Tejada Rangel Marina , Retamoza Hilda
Published: September 2023

La depresión y la ansiedad son también un problema de salud pública que afecta las actividades diarias de la población, manifestándose trastornos emocionales como tristeza, culpa, inutilidad, inseguridad, miedo, preocupación, pensamientos negativos, entre otros, que pueden desencadenar en la toma de malas decisiones por parte de los estudiantes o bien repercutir en su rendimiento escolar. Se desarrolló una investigación cuantitativa, transversal, prospectiva y observacional con un muestreo aleatorio simple a 277 alumnos de tres de las unidades académicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, con el objetivo de Identificar asociación entre depresión y ansiedad a través de la aplicación de los instrumentos: CES-D y HAMILTON, además de evidenciar la relación con datos sociodemográficos como el grado escolar, edad y sexo.