bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Edge Stenosis After Covered Stenting for Long Superficial Femoral Artery Occlusive Disease: Risk Factor Analysis and Prevention With Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty
Authors: Lin Ting-Chao , Huang Chun-Yang , Chen Po-Lin , Lee Chiu-Yang , Shih Chun-Che , Chen I-Ming
Published: April 2018

Purpose: To report a retrospective analysis of risk factors for edge restenosis after Viabahn stent-graft treatment of superficial femoral artery (SFA) occlusive disease and determine any protective effect of drug-coated balloons (DCBs) used at the time of stent-graft implantation. Methods: Between October 2011 and July 2016, 110 patients (mean age 73.3±7.6 years; 78 men) were treated with the Viabahn stent-graft for long SFA occlusions. Thirty-eight (34.5%) patients had DCB reinforcement at the distal edge of the stent-graft. For analysis, the population was divided into groups of no edge stenosis patients (n=88; mean lesion length 22.4±4.2 cm) and edge stenosis patients (n=22; mean lesion length 23.5±5.7 cm). The clinical outcomes, ankle-brachial indices, computed tomography angiography findings, and patency were compared at a minimum of 12 months. Logistic regression analysis was employed to determine risk factors for edge stenosis; the results are presented as the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval. Results: No differences in clinical or procedural characteristics were identified except the higher incidence of diabetes (p=0.008) and greater need for retrograde access (p=0.033) in the edge stenosis group. DCB reinforcement reduced the incidence of edge stenosis (p=0.021) and target lesion revascularization (TLR; p=0.010) and resulted in a significantly higher 1-year primary patency rate (92.1% vs 76.4%, p=0.042). However, multivariate analysis revealed only poor distal runoff (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.83, p=0.020) as a predictor of edge stenosis. Conclusion: The risk of edge stenosis after Viabahn implantation was higher in patients with poor distal runoff. DCB reinforcement over the distal edge reduced edge stenosis, decreased 1-year TLR, and improved 1-year primary patency.
A node deployment algorithm for maximizing network lifetime in delay-constrained duty-cycled wireless sensor networks
Authors: Dao Thi-Nga , Yoon Seokhoon
Published: April 2018

Although duty-cycling is a promising approach to reduce energy consumption in wireless sensor networks, sufficiently long network lifetime may not be achieved due to the hot spot problem. Moreover, a long duty cycle interval can lead to high end-to-end delay, which is not desired in delay-constrained applications. In order to address the hot spot problem and long end-to-end delay, this article proposes a novel energy-balanced node deployment algorithm for maximizing network lifetime in duty-cycled wireless sensor networks while taking into account a delay requirement. In addition, energy-balanced node deployment considers network connectivity and sensing coverage constraints, which are also important factors when wireless sensor networks are deployed. An optimization problem is first formulated where the objective function and constraints are estimated based on node distribution in the area and the network parameters. Then, a non-deterministic algorithm is proposed to derive the optimal number of nodes in each circular layer that meets given constraints and maximizes network lifetime. Numerical analysis and simulations have been conducted to validate the proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve higher network lifetime than other schemes.
Characteristics of unsteady excitation induced by cavitation in axial-flow oil–gas multiphase pumps
Authors: Liu Xiaobing , Hu Quanyou , Wang Huiyan , Jiang Qifeng , Shi Guangtai
Published: April 2018

The unstable cavitation flow and the dynamic characteristics of oil-gas multiphase pumps usually lead to vibration, noise, and even pump damage. The multiphase flow mixture model and the full cavitation model were used to simulate the transient flow and dynamic features of the pump. The results show that cavitation changes the inflow conditions, aggregates the unstable flow, and generates large pressure pulsations. It also accelerates the variation frequency of axial force and intensifies the uneven distributions of internal flow and circumferential pressure. Both the radial force on the impeller and its variation amplitude are enlarged. Understanding the characteristics of unsteady excitation induced by cavitation can provide references for studying the mechanism of vibration and noise in multiphase pumps.
Diagnostic yield of ambulatory oesophageal studies on versus off proton pump inhibitors: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ang Daphne , Zheng Qishi , Shi Luming , Tack Jan
Published: April 2018

Background

Patients with persistent gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms despite proton pump inhibitors are increasingly encountered. It remains controversial if proton pump inhibitors should be stopped before functional oesophageal tests.

Aim

This meta‐analysis compares the positive yield of oesophageal studies performed off versus on proton pump inhibitors.

Methods

Pubmed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched for eligible studies. Outcomes assessed were the number of subjects with: elevated oesophageal acid exposure time when studied off versus on proton pump inhibitors; positive symptom index (≥50%) and/or positive symptom association probability (≥95%) for acid reflux; and/or non‐acid reflux events off versus on proton pump inhibitors. The random effects model was applied.

Results

Fifteen studies (n = 5033 individuals; 33% on proton pump inhibitors; 32% men; mean age 52.1 years) were analysed. Pooled risk ratio for the comparison of high oesophageal acid exposure time off versus on proton pump inhibitors was 2.16 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42–3.28). The risk ratio of a positive symptom index (acid reflux) was 2.64 (95% CI 1.52–4.57) and the risk ratio of a positive symptom association probability (acid reflux) was 2.94 (95% CI 2.31–3.74). Conversely, the risk ratio of a positive symptom index (non‐acid reflux) was 0.96 (95% CI 0.49–1.88) and risk ratio of a positive symptom association probability (non‐acid reflux) was 0.54 (95% CI 0.30–0.99).

Conclusions

Oesophageal studies after proton pump inhibitor cessation improve the positive yield for acid reflux‐related events but reduce the detection of symptomatic non‐acid reflux events.
Posterior Subaxial Cervical Spine Screw Fixation: A Review of Techniques
Authors: Joaquim Andrei Fernandes , Mudo Marcelo Luis , Tan Lee A. , Riew K. Daniel
Published: April 2018

Study Design:

A narrative literature review.

Objectives:

To review the surgical techniques of posterior screw fixation in the subaxial cervical spine.

Methods:

A broad literature review on the most common screw fixation techniques including lateral mass, pedicle, intralaminar and transfacet screws was performed on PubMed. The techniques and surgical nuances are summarized.

Results:

The following techniques were described in detail and presented with illustrative figures, including (1) lateral mass screw insertion: by Roy-Camille, Louis, Magerl, Anderson, An, Riew techniques and also a modified technique for C7 lateral mass fixation; (2) pedicle screw fixation technique as described by Abumi and also a freehand technique description; (3) intralaminar screw fixation; and finally, (4) transfacet screw fixation, as described by Takayasu, DalCanto, Klekamp, and Miyanji.

Conclusions:

Many different techniques of subaxial screw fixation were described and are available. To know the nuances of each one allows surgeons to choose the best option for each patient, improving the success of the fixation and decrease complications.
Biomechanics and Clinical Application of Translaminar Screws Fixation in Spine: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Chan Jimmy J. , Shepard Nicholas , Cho Woojin
Published: April 2018

Study Design:

Broad narrative review.

Objectives:

Translaminar screw (TLS) fixation was first described as a salvage technique for fixation of the axial spine. Better understanding of the spine anatomy allows for advancement in surgical techniques and expansion of TLS indications. The goal of this review is to discuss the anatomic feasibility of the TLS fixation in different region of the spine.

Methods:

A review of the current literatures on the principles, biomechanics, and clinical application of the translaminar screw technique in the axial, subaxial, and thoracolumbar spine.

Results:

Anatomic feasibility and biomechanical studies have demonstrated that TLS is a safe and strong fixation methods for fusion beyond just the axial spine. However, not all spine segments have wide enough lamina to accept TLS. Preoperative computed tomography scan can help ensure the feasibility and safety of TLS insertion. Recent clinical reports have validated the application of TLS in subaxial spine, thoracic spine, hangman’s fracture, and pediatric population.

Conclusions:

TLS can be used beyond axial spine; however, TLS insertion is only warranted when the lamina is thick enough to avoid further complications such as breakage. Preoperative computed tomography scans can be used to determine feasibility of such fixation construct.
Patient-Rated Trust of Spine Surgeons: Influencing Factors
Authors: Haglin Jack M. , Eltorai Adam E. M. , Kalagara Saisanjana , Kingrey Brandon , Durand Wessley M. , Aidlen Jessica P. , Daniels Alan H.
Published: April 2018

Study Design:

Descriptive analysis using publicly available data.

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was 2-fold: to assess patient-rated trustworthiness of spine surgeons as a whole and to assess if academic proclivity, region of practice, or physician sex affects ratings of patient perceived trust.

Methods:

Orthopedic spine surgeons were randomly selected from the North American Spine Society directory. Surgeon profiles on 3 online physician rating websites, HealthGrades, Vitals, and RateMDs were analyzed for patient-reported trustworthiness. Whether or not the surgeon had published a PubMed-indexed paper in 2016 was assessed with regard to trustworthiness scores. Total number of publications was also assessed. Individuals with >300 publications were excluded due to the likelihood of repeat names.

Results:

Recent publication and total number of publications has no relationship with online patient ratings of trustworthiness across all surgeons in this study. Region of practice likewise has no influence on mean trust ratings, yet varied levels of correlation are observed. Furthermore, there was no difference in trust scores between male and female surgeons.

Conclusion:

Total academic proclivity via indexed publications does not correlate with patient perceived physician trustworthiness among spine surgeons as reported on physician review websites. Furthermore, region of practice within the United States does not have an influence on these trust scores. Likewise, there is no difference in trust score between female and male spine surgeons. This study also highlights an increasing utility for physician rating websites in spine surgery for evaluating and monitoring patient perception.
Spinal Muscular Atrophy With Respiratory Distress Type 1—A Child With Atypical Presentation
Authors: Chiu Annie Ting Gee , Chan Sophelia Hoi Shan , Wu Shun Ping , Ting Shun Hin , Chung Brian Hon Yin , Chan Angel On Kei , Wong Virginia Chun Nei
Published: April 2018

The authors report a child with spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1). She presented atypically with hypothyroidism and heart failure due to septal defects that required early heart surgery and microcephaly in association with cerebral atrophy and thin corpus collosum. The subsequent asymmetrical onset of diaphragmatic paralysis, persistent hypotonia, and generalized muscle weakness led to the suspicion of spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1. Sanger sequencing confirmed a compound heterozygous mutation in the Immunoglobulin Mu Binding Protein 2 (IGHMBP2) gene, with a known mutation c.2362C > T (p.Arg788*) and a novel frameshift mutation c.2048delG (p.Gly683A1afs*50). Serial nerve conduction study and electromyography confirmed progressive sensorimotor polyneuropathy and neuronopathy. In summary, this case report describes a child with spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 also with congenital cardiac disease and endocrine dysfunction, expanding the phenotypic spectrum of this condition. A high index of suspicion is needed in diagnosing this rare condition to guide the management and genetic counseling.
Organic Dissemination and Real-World Implementation of Patient Decision Aids for Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Thompson Jocelyn S. , Matlock Daniel D. , Morris Megan A. , McIlvennan Colleen K. , Allen Larry A.
Published: April 2018

Background. Although patient decision aids (PtDAs) have been shown to improve patient knowledge and satisfaction, they are infrequently used in the real world. We aimed to understand how our publicly available PtDAs developed for destination therapy left ventricular assist device (DT LVAD) were implemented in clinical practice and characterize factors influencing adoption. Methods. We contacted 39 people, 31 who had independently emailed inquiring about our DT LVAD PtDAs and 8 identified through snowball sampling. Thirty people from 23 programs participated in semistructured interviews, which were analyzed using normalization process theory. Results. Eleven programs currently use the PtDAs, 5 plan to use them but have not yet, and 7 do not currently use them nor have active plans to use them. Due to major tradeoffs and preference sensitivity of the DT LVAD decision, participants recognized a role for shared decision making and a need for significant information transfer. Due to a relative lack of resources, participants saw the PtDAs as a way to help facilitate a higher quality decision-making process. Limited time, lack of personnel, and perceived burden to implementing system-level change were cited as barriers to use. Initial implementation was accomplished by a champion of the PtDAs. Actual use of the PtDAs most commonly occurred through LVAD coordinators at the start of formal patient teaching sessions, where the PtDAs could be integrated into the existing LVAD consent and education structure. Conclusion. Interest in and implementation of PtDAs occurred independently at several LVAD programs due to a favorable decisional context, including a perceived role for shared decision making in the high-stakes decision around DT LVAD, unmet informational needs, preexisting education sessions, and invested clinical champions.
Acute-onset heart failure secondary to long-standing abuse of alcohol, cocaine, and marijuana
Authors: Chapel David B , Husain Aliya N
Published: April 2018

Acute-onset heart failure in a young, otherwise healthy patient can be due to either acquired or congenital etiologies. While some diagnoses carry specific histologic hallmarks, many causes of myocardial injury culminate in the relatively nonspecific morphologic pattern of dilated cardiomyopathy. In such cases, a broad differential diagnosis and close clinicopathologic correlation are essential. Here we describe the acute and chronic histologic features of heart failure arising in the context of long-standing abuse of cocaine, alcohol, and marijuana. The mechanisms of cardiotoxicity are discussed for each drug, with particular emphasis on the amplified cardiac injury caused by concomitant cocaine and alcohol use. Although its histologic features are themselves nonspecific, correlation with clinical history, targeted studies to exclude alternative diagnoses, and careful morphologic examination permit confident diagnosis of cardiomyopathy secondary to polysubstance abuse.
Segmental Schwannomatosis of the Upper Extremity
Authors: Wright Lauren , Bauer Thomas W. , Seitz William H.
Published: April 2018

Schwannomatosis is characterized by the development of multiple schwannomas without evidence of vestibular tumors. Segmental schwannomatosis is defined as being limited to 1 limb or 5 or fewer contiguous segments of the spine. We report a case of a 38-year-old male with multiple, painful masses of the right upper extremity with associated numbness and paresthesia in the ulnar and radial nerve distribution. An open, microsurgical approach provided definitive diagnosis and treatment. Twenty-one cases of segmental schwannomatosis of the upper extremity have been reported in the literature, making this case the 22nd. It is 1 of 5 cases of segmental schwannomatosis to have simultaneous tumors in the forearm and hand. We are the first to report multiple schwannomas of the ulnar and ulnar sensory nerve and the second to report multiple schwannomas of the radial sensory nerve. We additionally review the literature regarding pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of this uncommon tumor.
Prenatal antibiotic exposure and childhood asthma: a population-based study
Authors: Loewen Keely , Monchka Barret , Mahmud Salaheddin M. , 't Jong Geert , Azad Meghan B.
Published: April 2018

Antibiotic use during infancy alters gut microbiota and immune development and is associated with an increased risk of childhood asthma. The impact of prenatal antibiotic exposure is unclear. We sought to characterise the association between prenatal antibiotic exposure and childhood asthma.

We performed a population-based cohort study using prescription records, hospitalisation records and physician billing claims from 213 661 mother–child dyads born in Manitoba, Canada between 1996 and 2012. Associations were determined using Cox regression, adjusting for maternal asthma, postnatal antibiotics and other potential confounders. Sensitivity analyses evaluated maternal antibiotic use before and after pregnancy.

36.8% of children were exposed prenatally to antibiotics and 10.1% developed asthma. Prenatal antibiotic exposure was associated with an increased risk of asthma (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.23, 95% CI 1.20–1.27). There was an apparent dose response (aHR 1.15, 95% CI 1.11–1.18 for one course; aHR 1.26, 95% CI 1.21–1.32 for two courses; and aHR 1.51, 95% CI 1.44–1.59 for three or more courses). Maternal antibiotic use during 9 months before pregnancy (aHR 1.27, 95% CI 1.24–1.31) and 9 months postpartum (aHR 1.32, 95% CI 1.28–1.36) were similarly associated with asthma.

Prenatal antibiotic exposure was associated with a dose-dependent increase in asthma risk. However, similar associations were observed for maternal antibiotic use before and after pregnancy, suggesting the association is either not directly causal, or not specific to pregnancy.
Research priorities for respiratory nursing: a UK-wide Delphi study
Authors: Kelly Carol Ann , Kirkcaldy Andrew J. , Pilkington Melissa , Hodson Matthew , Welch Lindsay , Yorke Janelle , Knighting Katherine
Published: April 2018

Respiratory nurses make a significant contribution to the delivery of respiratory healthcare, but there is a dearth of nurse-led, practice-focused, published research.

Using a modified three-round Delphi, this study sought to identify research priorities for respiratory nursing to inform a national research strategy. Study information and the survey link were sent electronically to members of UK professional respiratory organisations. Round 1 had 78 items across 16 topics, informed by a systematic literature review. Respondents suggested additional items which were content analysed to inform Round 2. Respondents rated all items and ranked the topics in all rounds. To ensure rigour, rounds had an explicit focus with pre-determined criteria for consensus (70%).

In total, 363 responses were received across Rounds 1, 2 and 3 (n=183, 95 and 85, respectively). The top five research priorities were: 1) “Patient understanding of asthma control”; 2) “The clinical and cost-effectiveness of respiratory nurse interventions”; 3) “The impact of nurse-led clinics on patient care”; 4) “Inhaler technique”; and 5) two topics jointly scored: “Prevention of exacerbations” and “Symptom management”.

With potential international significance, this is the first UK study to identify research priorities for respiratory nursing, providing direction for those planning or undertaking research.
Efficacy of next treatment received after nivolumab progression in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Costantini Adrien , Corny Jennifer , Fallet Vincent , Renet Sophie , Friard Sylvie , Chouaid Christos , Duchemann Boris , Giroux-Leprieur Etienne , Taillade Laurent , Doucet Ludovic , Nguenang Marina , Jouveshomme Stéphane , Wislez Marie , Tredaniel Jean , Cadranel Jacques
Published: April 2018

Nivolumab for the treatment of advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) evaluated in phase III trials showed 50% progression at first evaluation, but better overall survival (OS), suggesting regained efficacy of treatments given thereafter. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of nivolumab and of next treatment received after nivolumab progression in patients with advanced NSCLC.

Our multicentre retrospective study included all patients receiving nivolumab between January and December 2015. The primary end-point was progression-free survival (PFS) of treatment given after nivolumab.

The 303 patients had the following characteristics: median age 63 years, 69% males, 92% smokers, 67% performance status 0–1 and 61% adenocarcinoma. Nivolumab was given as second-line treatment in 40% of patients. With 13.7 months of median follow-up, nivolumab PFS and OS were 2.6 and 11.3 months, respectively. At the cut-off analysis 18% were controlled under nivolumab, 14% were deceased and 5% were lost to follow-up under nivolumab. Among the 191 (63%) patients eligible for post-nivolumab (PN) treatment, 115 (38%) received further treatment and were characterised by better performance status (p=0.028) and by receiving more injections of nivolumab (p=0.001). Global PN-OS and PN-PFS were 5.2 and 2.8 months, respectively. Drugs most frequently used after nivolumab were gemcitabine (23%), docetaxel (22%) and erlotinib (16%), with median PFS of 2.8, 2.7 and 2.0 months, respectively.

Nivolumab produced similar efficacy as in phase III trials, although patients received nivolumab later and had worse performance status. 38% received treatment after nivolumab progression with efficacy comparable to historical second-line trials.
Impact of detecting and treating exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in elite footballers
Authors: Jackson Anna R. , Hull James H. , Hopker James G. , Dickinson John W.
Published: April 2018

Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in elite football players and assess subsequent impact of therapy on airway health and exercise performance.

97 male professional football players completed an airway health assessment with a eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea (EVH) challenge to diagnose EIB. Players demonstrating a positive result (EVH+) were prescribed inhaler therapy depending on severity, including inhaled corticosteroids and inhaled short-acting β2-agonists, and underwent repeat assessment after 9 weeks of treatment. Eight players (EVH+n=3, EVH−n=5) completed a peak oxygen uptake (V′O2peak) test at initial and follow-up assessment.

Out of the 97 players, 27 (28%) demonstrated a positive EVH result. Of these, 10 had no prior history (37%) of EIB or asthma. EVH outcome was not predictable by respiratory symptoms. Seven (24%) of the 27 EVH+players attended follow-up and demonstrated improved post-challenge spirometry (forced expiratory volume in 1 s pre-test −22.9±15.4%, post-test −9.0±1.6%; p=0.018). At follow-upV′O2peakimproved by 3.4±2.9 mL·kg−1·min−1in EVH+players compared to 0.1±2.3 mL·kg−1·min−1in EVH−players. Magnitude of inference analysis indicated treatment was possibly beneficial (74%) for exercise capacity.

Elite football players have a high EIB prevalence. Treatment with inhaler therapy reduces EIB severity.
Four specific immunoglobulin domains in UNC-52/Perlecan function with NID-1/Nidogen during dendrite morphogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Celestrin Kevin , Díaz-Balzac Carlos A. , Tang Leo T. H. , Ackley Brian D. , Bülow Hannes E.
Published: April 2018

The extracellular matrix is essential for various aspects of nervous system patterning. For example, sensory dendrites in flies, worms and fish have been shown to rely on coordinated interactions of tissues with extracellular matrix proteins. Here we show that the conserved basement membrane protein UNC-52/Perlecan is required for establishing the correct number of the highly ordered dendritic trees in the somatosensory neuron PVD in Caenorhabditis elegans. This function is dependent on four specific immunoglobulin domains, but independent of the known functions of UNC-52 in mediating muscle-skin attachment. Intriguingly, the four conserved immunoglobulin domains in UNC-52 are necessary to correctly localize the basement membrane protein NID-1/Nidogen. Genetic experiments further show that unc-52, nid-1 and genes of the netrin axon guidance signaling cassette share a common pathway to establish the correct number of somatosensory dendrites. Our studies suggest that, in addition to its role in mediating muscle-skin attachment, UNC-52 functions through immunoglobulin domains to establish an ordered lattice of basement membrane proteins, which may control the function of morphogens during dendrite patterning.
Phosphorylation of XIAP at threonine 180 controls its activity in Wnt signaling
Authors: Ng Victoria H. , Hang Brian I. , Sawyer Leah M. , Neitzel Leif R. , Crispi Emily E. , Rose Kristie L. , Popay Tessa M. , Zhong Alison , Lee Laura A. , Tansey William P. , Huppert Stacey , Lee Ethan
Published: April 2018

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) plays an important role in preventing apoptotic cell death. XIAP has been shown to participate in signaling pathways, including Wnt signaling. XIAP regulates Wnt signaling by promoting the monoubiquitylation of the co-repressor Groucho/TLE family proteins, decreasing its affinity for the TCF/Lef family of transcription factors and allowing assembly of transcriptionally active β-catenin–TCF/Lef complexes. We now demonstrate that XIAP is phosphorylated by GSK3 at threonine 180, and that an alanine mutant (XIAPT180A) exhibits decreased Wnt activity compared to wild-type XIAP in cultured human cells and in Xenopus embryos. Although XIAPT180A ubiquitylates TLE3 at wild-type levels in vitro, it exhibits a reduced capacity to ubiquitylate and bind TLE3 in human cells. XIAPT180A binds Smac (also known as DIABLO) and inhibits Fas-induced apoptosis to a similar degree to wild-type XIAP. Our studies uncover a new mechanism by which XIAP is specifically directed towards a Wnt signaling function versus its anti-apoptotic function. These findings have implications for development of anti-XIAP therapeutics for human cancers.
Individual differences in torpor expression in adult mice are related to relative birth weight
Authors: Kato Goro A. , Sakamoto Shinsuke H. , Eto Takeshi , Okubo Yoshinobu , Shinohara Akio , Morita Tetsuo , Koshimoto Chihiro
Published: April 2018

Daily torpor is a physiological adaptation in small mammals and birds, characterised by drastic reductions in metabolism and body temperature. Energy-constraining conditions, such as cold and starvation, are known to cause the expression of daily torpor. However, the reason for high degrees of inter- and intra- individual variation in torpor expression (TE) in similar situations is not clear. As littermates of altricial animals are exposed to an uneven allocation of maternal resources from conception to weaning, we tested whether early nutritional experiences have long-term effects on TE in adults. We used full-sibling littermates of laboratory mice that as adults were starved overnight to induce torpor. We measured body weight from birth until adulthood as an indicator of nutritional status, and calculated the relative body weight (RBW) as an indicator of the difference in nutritional status within a litter. After maturation, we subjected mice to five repeated torpor induction trials involving 24 hours of fasting and 5 days of recovery. Half of the female mice displayed great individual variation in TE, whereas male mice rarely exhibited daily torpor. In females, RBW at birth influenced TE, irrespective of body weight in adulthood; thus, female mice born with low RBWs displayed high TE in adulthood. In conclusion, we provide evidence that TE in mice differs among littermates, and that this variation is linked closely to heterogeneous nutritional experiences during the foetal period.
siRNAs and piRNAs collaborate for transposon control in the two-spotted spider mite
Authors: Mondal Mosharrof , Mansfield Kody , Flynt Alex
Published: April 2018

RNAi has revolutionized genetic research, and is being commercialized as an insect pest control technology. Mechanisms exploited for this purpose are antiviral and therefore rapidly evolving. Ideally,RNAi will also be used for noninsect pests; however, differences in RNAi biology make this uncertain.Tetranychus urticae(two-spotted spider mite) is a destructive noninsect pest, which has a proclivity to develop pesticide resistance. Here we provide a comprehensive study of the endogenous RNAi pathways of spider mites to inform design of exogenous RNAi triggers. This effort revealed unexpected roles for small RNAs and novel genome surveillance pathways. Spider mites have an expanded RNAi machinery relative to insects, encoding RNA dependent RNA polymerase (Rdrp) and extra Piwi-class effectors. Through analyzingT. urticaetranscriptome data we explored small RNA biogenesis, and discovered five siRNA loci that appear central to genome surveillance. These RNAs are expressed in the gonad, which we hypothesize to trigger production of piRNAs for control of transposable elements (TEs). This work highlights the need to investigate endogenous RNAi biology as lessons from model organisms may not hold in other species, impacting development of an RNAi strategy.
Science intensive technology application for performance attributes increase of alloy high-precision parts at expense of alloy element nitrides
Authors: Шестопалова Лариса , Shestopalova Larisa
Published: April 2018

A science intensive chemical-thermal processing in air-ammonia environment allowing the formation a wear-resistant layer on high-precision alloy steel parts surfaces at the expense of nitrides of alloy elements is considered. The results of micro-hardness distribution throughout a layer thickness are shown. The advantage of the process considered in comparison with common nitride hardening is shown.
Peculiarities of leucosapphire grinding with diamond disks and their stropping
Authors: Хандожко Александр , Khandozhko Alexandr , Федуков А. , Fedukov A.
Published: April 2018

Problems in grinding leucosapphire products with diamond abrasive disks on metal bonds and matters of disk stropping are considered.
Paradoxically of Patriotic and Spiritual and Moral Education
Authors: Абрамов Сергей , Abramov Sergey
Published: April 2018

This paper considers the paradoxically currently existing in the field of patriotic education in Russia. The paradoxically, in essence, is a set of contradictions caused by two major factors. From one side, there is a demand for a well-organized system of patriotic education that enables individuals to develop on the bases of spiritual and moral values traditional for the domestic society. This factor is of vital importance for the existence of the State of Russia. On the other side, the current domestic education system encourages development, largely uncontrolled, of individuals with obvious cosmopolitan attitudes and signs of colonial or semi-colonial mindset. This factor contributes to the risk of disintegration of Russia. The paper discusses the nature of the paradox and how it is seen from the spiritual and moral education perspective. The author attempts to resolve the paradox by justifying the need to accept such notions as "patriot" and "patriotic education" as defined within the context of the Orthodox-based pedagogical approach.
Realization of the Concept of Cadet Education: the Model of the Activity of Cadet, Suvorov and Nakhimov Educational Organizations
Authors: Пономарев Владимир , Ponomarev Vladimir
Published: April 2018

The results of development of the model as the element of the concept of cadet education that promotes the creation of optimal conditions for the upbringing and education of students to obtain professional education in the field of military or other public service, including the civil service of the Russian Cossacks, on the basis of established additional general developmental programs that are integrated with the main educational programs including synchronized with additional pre-service programs are described in the article. The model is developed in the framework of the federal target program of education development for 2016-2020 years. Results of the study will be used by representatives of the regional education authorities, chiefs, deputy chiefs of military schools, Suvorov and Nakhimov schools, heads of educational institutions, teaching staff, including officers, teachers, parents, representatives of the governing boards of educational institutions.
Folk Toy As the Embodiment of the National Ideal
Authors: Каравашкина Марина , Karavashkina Marina
Published: April 2018

The author of this article tries to find the ideals that are original for Russian people, to trace their evolution and existence through the prism of such a phenomenon as a folk toy that includes a conglomerate of meanings. The article considers the folk toy as a reflection and expression of the national ideal. The article analyzes a connection of cultural traditions and images of toys, the way a folk toy reproduces emotions, character and mental features of an ethnos. The author considers the generation aspect of national ideal`s reflection through the national toy. The original senses of a traditional toy are transformed quite often in modern sociocultural space, and its material embodiment is replaced by simulacras or parodies. Therefore, it is necessary to turn to its genetic roots to understand the meaningful phenomenon.
Stylizacja na dziewięćdziesiąt dziewięć sposobów
Authors: Mitura Magdalena
Published: April 2018

Ninety nine writing styles. Raymond Queneau according to Jan Gondowicz

The paper constitutes a review of translation techniques and strategies used by Jan Gondowicz in his translation of Exercises in Style by Raymond Queneau. Methodology of organising diversified content of the original is based on classification of metaboles developed by Groupe μ. Analyses have shown that the translative dominant is situated at the discourse level: the translator very skilfully plays with potential of the language and conventional text forms. Not only does he comply with organisation constraints or isotopies of the vast majority of Exercises, but at times goes deeper into a style imposed by a given formal constraints.
Idiolekt w przekładzie
Authors: Bednarczyk Anna
Published: April 2018

Translation of idiolect

The article concerns the problem of translation of idiolect. The analysis was based on M. Bulgakov’s play Zoya’s apartment and its Polish translation. The author of the article came to the conclusion that the repetition of the effect, that is the identity of the functions carried out by the idiolect, is more important than the repetition of the same means of expression. Hence the translator’s desire to maintain the author’s idiolect, not to reproduce the original stylistic treatments. Such targeting of the translation allowed to derive from the wealth of both the source language and the language of translation. However, when reproducing the author’s of the given text idiolect, translation possibilities are limited to the characteristics typical of his style.
Chrześcijańska Antygona, czyli interpretacja tragedii Sofoklesa dokonana przez Juliusza Osterwę pod wpływem wybuchu II wojny światowej
Authors: Bibik Barbara
Published: April 2018

Christian Antigone

Sophocles’ Antigone is one of the most famous ancient tragedy in Polish culture and it is also most often translated one into Polish. In 1939/1940 Juliusz Osterwa, famous actor, director and leader of the Reduta theatre, translated Sophocles’ Antigone into Polish. The outbreak of the II World War, that moved Osterwa very deeply, and his ideas of the Christian roots of European culture as well as the ideas of the crisis of spirituality in modern culture, that crystallized at that time, caused that he filled his translation of Greek tragedy, on its every possible level, with as many elements connected with Christian religion as possible. It makes Osterwa’s Antigone one of the units in the long translation chain, in which Greek Antigone becomes Polish Antigone. But most of all it makes Osterwa’s Antigone very significant and characteristic witness of its own time.
estranho caso do romance policial na literatura lusófona
Authors: Pranville Pierre‑Michel
Published: April 2018

THE STRANGE CASE OF THE DETECTIVE NOVEL IN PORTUGUESE‑SPEAKING LITERATURE

Today the detective novel has freed itself for good from being considered as marginal literature. It is now built around three sub genres: The whodunit novel, the gritty thriller, and the suspense novel whose frontiers have progressively become more and more blurred as the authors juggle with the rules of each subgenre, melting them in a literary genre they now refuse to dissociate from the main novelistic production. The Portuguese‑speaking detective stories have followed the same evolution. We have chosen to comment upon three Portuguese speaking novels: One by Pepeleta from Angola, the second by Rubem Fonseca from Brazil and the third by Ana Teresa Pereira from Portugal, each one of them representing one of the subgenres of detective literature, so as to find out if they have common specificities peculiar to the Portuguese speaking detective stories.
emergência do sujeito político em Levantado do Chão de José Saramago – uma perspetiva rancieriana
Authors: Urbán Bálint
Published: April 2018

THE EMERGENCE OF THE POLITICAL SUBJECT IN JOSÉ SARAMAGO’S LEVANTADO DO CHÃO – A RANCIERIAN REFLECTION

The emancipational process of the peasant community of Alentejo is the central theme of Saramago’s book. In this process, which is present also in the very title of the novel, emerges from the opressed and silenced crowd the political subject, who aims to deconstruct and to rewrite the dominating structure. The present article follows the process of dissensual subjectivation of the political agent from the perspective of the political philisophy of Jacques Rancière. I demonstrate how the basic notions of Rancière’s political theory appear in the novel, taking into account the main concepts of dissensus, distribution of the sensible and disagreement.
mulata – entre o ódio e o amor
Authors: Wolny Anna
Published: April 2018

THE MULATTO WOMAN: BETWEEN LOVE AND AVERSION

Through an analysis of the novel Gabriela, cravo e canela by Jorge Amado, we intent to show a simultaneous insertion and rejection of the female mulatto figure in the Brazilian society. Seen in the light of the “love antropophagy” of Affonso de Sant’Anna and the theorical conceptualization by Teófilo de Queiroz, the figure of Gabriela reveals its ambiguity, opening the possibility of an interpretation based more on her social inscription than on her individual portrait as well as on her representativity as a model of mulatto female which denounces the discourse of male patriarchal power behind her image.
Banda Desenhada portuguesa traduzida para polaco
Authors: Jankowski Jakub
Published: April 2018

PORTUGUESE COMIC BOOKS TRANSLATED INTO POLISH: HISTORICAL AND THEORETICAL APPROACH IN THE AREA OF TREANSLATION STUDIES

This article aims towards developing historic studies in the Translation Studies field by analyzing internal and external factors that cast an influence upon Polish translations of Portuguese Comic Books. We intend to prepare a complete list of translated books for future studies in this area and identify possible premisses for analisies. Along those aims it is also crucial for us to identify the most important and problematic elements in comic book translation as to conceive guidelines for general theory for comic book translation.
tratamento das formas de tratamento nas aulas de português língua estrangeira
Authors: Papis Bożenna
Published: April 2018

THE TREATMENT OF THE FORMS OF TREATMENT IN THE CLASSES OF PORTUGUESE AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

The terms T and V, based on the Latin pronouns tu and vos, are more connected with a specified society and its culture than with the language they belong to. The terms concern human behaviours and interpersonal relations and they change constantly as the relations evolve. The system of T‑V terms in European Portuguese is very rich, that is why its teaching is a true challenge. It is not really about the lexical terms, it is a combination of pragmatics and sociocultural factors, which, connected to them, promotes the creation and the maintenance of cooperative domain as the first step to a successful communication essential in the usage of the language. To be so, the lexical T‑V terms, as well as the pragmatics and sociocultural factors, create the unique matter of teaching/learning at classes of Portuguese as a foreign language.
Língua escrita e língua real: o que um corpus oral permite descobrir
Authors: Teixeira José
Published: April 2018

THE WRITTEN LANGUAGE AND THE REAL LANGUAGE: WHAT AN ORAL CORPUS CAN REVEAL

Starting from an extensive oral corpus which is being collected, this paper focuses on how the oral language allows us to realize what languages really are and how they work beyond the formalized written dimension. It is our claim to show that it is language in use that better highlights many aspects which are impossible to understand only by an analysis of the traditional “linguistic system”. So we will verify how oral speech really performs sentences and its lexical and pragmatic elements.
fenómeno Amália – um capítulo crucial na história religiosa do Fado
Authors: Jadwiszczak Grażyna
Published: April 2018

THE PHENOMENON AMÁLIA – A CRUCIAL CHAPTER IN THE RELIGIOUS HISTORY OF FADO

The present article treats “the phenomenon of Amália Rodrigues” in the perspective of religiousness of the Fado genre. The analysis of the fadista’s religious attitude is based on Amália’s image created by Vítor Pavão dos Santos in his book entitled Amália – Uma Biografia and presents some fundamental aspects of her devotion. The issues include: religion/catholicism, God, the Church, morality, religious practices, God’s Mother or freedom versus fatalism. The analysis attempts to discover concrete manifestations of the above listed issues and differentiate between what is typically Portuguese and what is specifically Amalian.
Experiência com extensão rural agroecológica em assentamento de reforma agrária
Authors: Barata-Silva André Wagner , Santos Pereira Viviane , Souza Oliveira Maria de Lourdes , Paterno Silveira Luís Cláudio
Published: April 2018

Esta experiência foi realizada em uma unidade produtiva no assentamento Santos Dias vinculado ao Movimento dos Sem Terra (MST), localizado no município de Guapé- MG. Teve como objetivo relatar a experiência de controle biológico conservativo de pragas agrícolas a partir da perspectiva de extensão rural agroecológica em um assentamento do movimento dos trabalhadores sem terra. Foram realizadas visitas a propriedade desenvolvendo atividades de orientação técnica, diálogo, observação e construção do saber. Esta experiência  possibilitou a construção de conhecimentos por meio da interação entre universidade e sociedade.
Iniciativas socioculturais para a preservação do meio ambiente na Ilha Grande, RJ
Authors: Cavalcante Cynthia Caroline Espirito Santo , De Almeida Rosso Thereza Cristina , Gomes Lima Ricardo
Published: April 2018

As zonas costeiras brasileiras e a Mata Atlântica são consideradas patrimônio nacional. Constituem-se em ecossistemas dotados de características biofísicas e sócio-ambientais específicas que lhes conferem importância estratégica em termos de políticas públicas e desenvolvimento sustentável. Esta é a realidade da Ilha Grande, em território fluminense que, ao longo dos últimos anos, transformou-se de área de segurança nacional em área de preservação ambiental. A Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, tem função de destaque na conservação desse ambiente, sendo o Ecomuseu Ilha Grande indutor na condução desse processo. Um ecomuseu é um tipo de museu em que o território e o ambiente onde se situa, as pessoas que ali vivem, suas histórias e os conhecimentos locais são tão importantes quanto os objetos materiais e documentos que fazem parte de seu acervo. O Ecomuseu Ilha Grande tem como um dos seus objetivos envolver a comunidade local no conhecimento e preservação deste patrimônio ambiental. Para isso, lança mão de diversas estratégicas. Uma delas é o desenvolvimento de jogos e atividades educativas. As ações realizadas e aqui representadas incluem: concurso de fotografia em comemoração ao Dia Mundial da Água; jogos de quebra cabeça oriundos das fotografias vencedoras dos concursos; jogo da memória de conteúdo científico sobre a flora local; oficina de cianotipia elaborada por ocasião da 9º. Primavera de Museus.
Representação social da aposentadoria para professores universitários
Authors: Amaral Luana De Barros Campos , Torres Tatiana Lucena
Published: April 2018

RESUMO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as representações sociais da aposentadoria para professores que trabalham em duas universidades federais do nordeste brasileiro. Foram realizadas vinte entrevistas narrativas, pareadas por sexo e instituição, com professores universitários que possuíam 50 anos ou mais de idade. As entrevistas transcritas foram analisadas com auxílio de software de análise textual, do tipo lexicográfica. Os resultados indicaram a composição de seis classes textuais e as representações sociais mais fortes se referiam à aposentadoria como nova etapa de vida, retorno à família, envelhecimento, viagens e lazer. Para os entrevistados, as representações sociais da aposentadoria foram positivas, no entanto, a perspectiva de um trabalho satisfatório, somado ao medo em relação às mudanças previdenciárias e a própria vida, reforçam a intenção de adiar a aposentadoria. Não houve diferenças significativas entre instituições, o que demonstra certa homogeneidade das representações para esse grupo profissional.Palavras-chaves: aposentadoria; professores; representação social; universidade federal.ABSTRACT: This study aimed to analyze social representations of retirement among professors that work at two federal universities in northeastern Brazil. Twenty narrative interviews were carried out, paired by gender and institution, with university professors aged 50 and above. The transcribed interviews were analyzed with the aid of lexicographical text analysis software. The results indicated six text categories and the strongest social representations referred to retirement as a new phase in life, a return to family, aging, travel and leisure. For the interviewees, the social representations of retirement were positive, however, the prospect of a satisfactory job, added to the fear in relation to social security changes and life itself, reinforce the intention to postpone retirement. There were no significant differences between institutions, which demonstrates a certain homogeneity in representations among this professional group.Keywords: retirement; professors; social representation; federal university.