bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Система Фундаментальных Аспектов Жизни Субъекта
Authors: Скобелев Михаил
Published: August 2021

Система фундаментальных аспектов жизни субъекта может пригодиться в качестве интеллектуально-философского инструмента просвещения всем стремящимся к развитию личностям, в приоритете студентам и старшеклассникам. Новая система зиждется на идеях понятийного и системного мышления, эссенциализма и минимализма. Идея построения концептуального каркаса системы состоит в наличии нижнего слоя из 4 базисов жизни: ДУХ, УМ, ДУША, ТЕЛО, на который наложен верхний слой из 15 фундаментальных аспектов жизни субъекта. Для удобства восприятия эти аспекты разбиты по 5 в 3 группах: 1) нижняя: Здоровье, Взаимоотношения, Достаток, Эмоциональность, Рациональность; 2) верхняя: Компетентность, Совершенствование, Творчество, Успехи, Духовность; 3) интегральная: Пространство вокруг Себя, Свое Время, Принятие Себя и Других, Счастье, Судьба. Визуально это выглядит в виде колеса с сегментами и центральным кругом с ядром. В каждой группе есть по 1 доминантному аспекту, которые образуют доминантную цепочку связи между группами: Здоровье – Духовность – Судьба. Основными свойствами и возможными преимуществами системы являются: - логичность и полнота системы при минимально возможном наборе фундаментальных аспектов и базисов жизни; - возможность применения системы к различным субъектам в диапазоне от отдельной личности с индивидуальными оценками до социумов разных уровней общности. Фундаментальные аспекты играют роль значимых ориентиров в жизни для осознания субъектом своих выборов приоритетов и взаимосвязей своих конкретных проявлений жизни через аспекты предлагаемой системы. Система фундаментальных аспектов жизни субъекта является открытой системой и каждый желающий может конструктивно участвовать в ее усовершенствовании в любом направлении развития и таким образом стать соавтором и проводником интегрирования системы в общее поле знаний человечества о себе.
From teachers’ technological competence to teachers’ professionalism
Authors: Afanasjeva Olga Yurievna , Fedotova Marina Gennadievna , Nikitina Elena Yurievna , Solonitsyna Anastasiia Sergeevna
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is to disclose the theoretical foundations of technological competence and its role in the development of foreign language teachers’ professionalism. The article examines the content and structure of the technological competence which consists of three components: resource, operational and personal. The analysis of both teachers’ and students’ survey data are discussed.
State and municipal unitary enterprises as an object of public control in the Russian Federation
Authors: Petrenko Elena G. , Illarionova Tuyara V. , Alexandrova Victoria V. , Stepanova Diana I. , Yudina Anna Mikhailovna , Zalesny Jacek
Published: August 2021

This article is devoted to the analysis of state and municipal unitary enterprises as an object of public control in the Russian Federation. State and municipal enterprises exercise a number of public powers delegated by the state and municipalities. Their activities affect the interests of individuals and legal entities. The authors substantiate the need to organize and implement public control measures in relation to state and municipal unitary enterprises by developing a system of proposals for improving legislation in the field of public control.
Executive bodies of local self-government as an object of public control in the Russian Federation
Authors: Petrenko Elena G. , Pavlova Olga K. , Alexandrova Victoria V. , Stepanova Diana I. , Yudina Anna Mikhailovna , Zalesny Jacek
Published: August 2021

This article is devoted to the research of the executive bodies of local self-government as an object of public control in the Russian Federation. The authors believe that the current legislation on public control, as well as regulating the organization and functioning of local self-government bodies, needs a number of changes and additions in terms of optimizing the system of public control in relation to the executive bodies of local self-government, which are cited and justified in this article.
Consumer cooperatives as an object or the subject of public control: legal and socio-economic analysis
Authors: Petrenko Elena G. , Efimova Ludmila S. , Alexandrova Victoria V. , Stepanova Diana I. , Yudina Anna Mikhailovna , Zalesny Jacek
Published: August 2021

This article is devoted to the analysis of consumer cooperatives regarding their participation in the procedure for implementing public control measures. The authors resolve the legal dilemma regarding the attribution of this type of non-profit corporate organizations to objects or subjects of public control. The article provides a system of arguments regarding their classification as objects of public control.
Prospects for the development of the corporate governance system in jont-stock companies in the Russian Federation
Authors: Petrenko Elena G. , Afanasev Nurgun V. , Alexandrova Victoria V. , Stepanova Diana I. , Potapenko Sergey V. , Zalesny Jacek
Published: August 2021

Joint-stock companies in Russia are the most important and most complex type of commercial corporate organizations that are of strategic importance for the preservation and development of the Russian economy. At the same time, the civil legislation governing the organization and activities of joint-stock companies in the Russian Federation is developing dynamically, which requires a detailed analysis of the current state and development prospects of the corporate governance system in joint-stock companies. The work investigates the most important problems arising in the process of organizing and functioning of the corporate governance system in Russia, and also developed proposals for their resolution, including by introducing amendments and additions to the current legislation on joint-stock companies. These changes will make it possible not only to optimize the corporate governance system in Russian joint-stock companies, but also to protect the rights and legitimate interests of shareholders - owners of ordinary shares (primarily minority shareholders), government and local authorities, investors, etc.
The concept and legal nature of corporate organizations
Authors: Petrenko Elena G. , Afanasev Nurgun V. , Alexandrova Victoria V. , Stepanova Diana I. , Fedonkin Yuri N. , Zalesny Jacek
Published: August 2021

This article is devoted to the analysis of the concept and legal nature of corporate organizations. The authors substantiate the position according to which the institutionalization of the concept of corporate organizations in Russian legislation is a natural condition for the development of legal entities both in the world as a whole and in the Russian Federation. The article examines the stages of development of the concept of corporations, studies the modern content of this concept in Russia.
Compliance in the tax administration system
Authors: Prodanova Natalia Alekseevna , Zatsarinnaya Elena Ivanovna , Sotnikova Lyudmila Viktorovna , Kosnikov Sergey Nikolaevich , Sorgutov Ilya Valerievich , Savin Alexander Alexeevich
Published: August 2021

In recent years, there have been changes in the tax legislation of Russia. Constantly changing living conditions, the digitalization of the economy, the introduction of new developments do not allow the tax sector to remain at the same level as yesterday. Improving the environment for the prosperity of entrepreneurship entails not only an improvement in the economic situation, but also risks associated with non-compliance with tax legislation. In this connection, there is a need to strengthen control. The process that has been gaining popularity recently is becoming "compliance", in particular tax. The gradual introduction of tax compliance in Russia is associated with the beginning of the progressive introduction of control into the domestic taxation system.
The main principles and directions of socio-cultural re-socialization of foreign students
Authors: Abdullah Hoshang Farhad
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the article is to investigate the basic principles and directions of socio-cultural re-socialization of foreign students. The subject of the research is the institutional practices of re-socialization of foreign students in the conditions of a megalopolis (on the example of Moscow). The results of the work are that the author has studied the basic principles and directions of socio-cultural re-socialization of foreign students, they include 2 components, one of which provides the necessary conditioning of the internal state of a person for entering the host society, and the second-actually entering society through following certain trajectories in the social space. Thus, Russian megacities as places of subsequent social adaptation of foreign students are full of more opportunities for successful re-socialization of a criminal than small cities, but they are not without risks.
Kajian Potensi Erosi Di Daerah Aliran Sungai Babon Menggunakan Permodelan GeoWEPP
Authors: Pratama Revangga Dandha , Setyawan Dimas Jalu , Santosa Budi
Published: August 2021

At the time of the high intensity of rainfall in Semarang, the water contained in the Babon River had overflowed, resulting in flooding of parts of the area adjacent to the Babon river flow. This matter has many factors, there are erosion and sediment produced. This study aims to study erosion potential in the Babon watershed, using the Geospatial Interface for Water Erosion Prediction Project (GeoWEPP) modeling. The results of the modeling are the amount of erosion rate and erosion distribution in the study area. The erosion prediction period in this study is in 2006 - 2015. Data needed in GeoWEPP operation are Digital Elevation Model, climate data, land use data, and soil type data. Based on the GeoWEPP process in the Babon watershed the erosion rate was 36.1 tons / ha / year and the sediment yield was 26075.2 tons / year. From the results of the erosion rate produced divided by the reasonable erosion rate get the Erosion Hazard Level index (TBE) of 3.6 or including medium TBE. Based on the distribution of erosion maps produced, the area experienced the greatest erosion rate in the Ungaran region. This is due to the fact that it belongs to the highlands and has a high slope value.
Nilai-nilai Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Budaya Genteng Desa Mayongkidul Jepara
Authors: Iskhaq Ahmad , Oktaviyanti Ika , Fajrie Nur
Published: August 2021

Kebudayaan adalah sebuah sistem masyarakat yang meliputi suatu keseluruhan cara hidup manusia dalam kelompoknya yang berupa kebudaayaan fisik maupun nonfisik dan bersifat turun-temurun melalui proses belajar sehingga menjadi bagian dari kehidupan. Budaya genteng merupakan kebudayaan yang dimiliki masyarakat Mayongkidul jepara. Genteng merupakan sebuah  kerajinan dari tanah liat yang dibakar menggunakan suhu tinggi dan digunakan sebagai atap bangunan. Dalam pembuatannya tercermin nilai-nilai karakter yang teah  melekat pada masyarakat pengrajin di desa Mayongkidul. Dalam konteks sekarang ini karakter anak di indonesia dapat dikatakan minim moralitas. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari berita yang muncul diberbagai media salah satunya adalah  dan kenakalan remaja. Pendidikan karakter sudah menjadi program pemerintah yang bertujuan membentuk individu-individu yang bermoral akan tetapi tampakanya  belum berjalan dengan sempurna. Maka dibutuhkan kerjasama antara pendidikan, masyarakat dan keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter  dalam budaya genteng. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif naratif dalam penyajian data hasil penelitiannya. Proses pengumpulan datanya melaui wawancara, observasi serta catatan lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan dalam  budaya genteng terdapat nila-nilai pendidikan dalam  menumbuhkan karakter antara disiplin, kerjasama, bertanggung jawab dan jujur. Oleh karena itu harus di lestarikan agar tidak tergerus oleh perkembangan zaman.
Kreativitas Seni Melalui Metode Collective Painting
Authors: Hariyani Tri Indah , Fajrie Nur , Roysa Mila
Published: August 2021

Penerapan metode collective painting bisa dijadikan variasi dan inovasi metode untuk menumbuhkan kreativitas seni anak dalam mengekspresikan diri. Karakteristik anak di desa Mayongkidul Jepara yang gemar belajar sambil bermain sejalan dengan pelaksanaan dari metode collective painting. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan proses berkarya serta pengaruh penerapan metode collective painting. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode mixed methods dengan desain Sequential Exploratori. Analisis data yang dilakukan dengan cara pengumpulan data, penyajian, transformasi, korelasi, konsolidasi, perbandingan dan kesimpulan data melalui uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas dari data meliputi wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya 3 aspek nilai yakni nilai elaborasi, nilai kolaborasi dan nilai emosional dari pengaruh penerapan metode collective painting  untuk menumbuhkan kreativitas seni pada anak di Desa Mayongkidul Jepara sehingga metode collective painting dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif dalam menyampaikan pembelajaran seni budaya dan keterampilan.
Pengaruh Perhatian Orang tua Dalam Daring terhadap prestasi belajar Muatan Matematika SD 2 Karangrowo
Authors: Saputro Kevin Rangga jati , Ulya Himmatul , Fardani Much Arsyad
Published: August 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perhatian orang tua dalam pembelajaran online terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada muatan matematika kelas V SD 2 Karangrowo. Hipotesis penelitiannya adalah Terdapat pengaruh perhatian orang tua dalam pembelajaran online terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada muatan matematika kelas V SD 2 Karangrowo. Metodologi Penelitian meliputi lokasi penelitian ini adalah di SD 2 Karangrowo Waktu Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai dengan bulan April 2021. Populasi sekaligus sampel semua siswa kelas V SD 2 Karangrowo berjumlah 25 siswa. Dalam penelitian ini variabel bebasnya dalah perhatian orang tua. Dan variabel terikatnya adalah prestasi belajar siswa pada muatan matematika kelas V SD 2 Karangrowo. Teknik Pengumpulan Data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, angket dan Tes. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi lineier sederhana. Simpulan dalam penelitian adalah terdapat pengaruh perhatian orang tua dalam pembelajaran online terhadap prestasi belajar siswa muatan matematika kelas V SD 2 Karangrowo. hal ini dibuktikan dengan signifikansi 0,00 dari hasil perhitungan uji F lebih kecil dari taraf sinifikansi 0,05. Berdasarkan kesimpulan tersebut maka dapat diimpikasikan bahwa perhatian orang tua dalam pembelajaran online berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar siswa muatan matematika kelas V SD 2 Karangrowo.
Review : Stabilitas Bahan Alam dalam Mikroenkapsulasi
Authors: Pratama Reza , Abdassah Marline , Chaerunisaa Anis Yohana
Published: August 2021

Mikroenkapsulasi merupakan teknologi menyalut bahan inti yang digunakan sebagai teknik perlindungan bahan inti dari pengaruh lingkungan, meningkatkan stabilitasnya, menutupi bau dan rasa, dan juga dapat mempertahankan sifat asli dari bahan inti yang dienkapsulasi. Dari beberapa penelitian bahan alam memiliki kelemahan dalam stabilitas penyimpanannya sehingga mikroenkapsulasi dapat menjadi pilihan untuk mejaga setabilitasnya. Metode pembuatan mikroenkapsulasi dibedakan menjadi beberapa proses secara Kimia, Fisika-Kimia dan Fisika. Artikel ini dibuat menggunakan metode dan referensi yang didapat dari beberapa database dan instrumen pencarian secara online yang diterbitkan secara nasional dan internasional. Referensi yang didapatkan berasal dari database elektronik seperti google scholar, sciendirect, MDPI, NCBI dari tahun 2007-2020. Artikel ini akan membahas stabilitas dari bahan alam yang dibuat ke dalam bentuk mikroenkapsulasi. Dari beberapa penelitian menggunakan bahan inti yang berasal dari bahan alam membuktikan bahwa mikroenkapsulasi dapat membantu bahan inti tersebut menjadi lebih stabil dalam penyimpanan, menjaga umur simpan dari bahan inti menjadi lebih lama dan dapat mempertahankan aktivitas dari bahan inti tersebut. Mikroenkapsulasi dapat menjadi pilihan untuk menjaga stabilitas dari bahan alam.
Uji dan Karakterisasi Serbuk Pektin dari Albedo Durian sebagai Kandidat Eksipien Farmasi
Authors: Husni Patihul , Ikhrom Uvita Kafilatul , Hasanah Uswatul
Published: August 2021

Pektin adalah senyawa polisakarida yang larut dalam air dan merupakan asam-asam pektinat yang mengandung gugus-gugus metoksil. Fungsi utamanya sebagai bahan pengental dan pembentuk gel. Durian (Durio zibethinus L.) merupakan buah yang memiliki aroma yang sangat khas dan banyak diminati masyarakat karena memiliki rasa enak dan aroma yang harum. Buah durian terdiri dari tiga bagian yaitu daging buah sekitar 20-35%, biji sekitar 5-15% sisanya berupa bobot kulit yang mencapai 60-75% dari bobot total buah. Bagian kulit buah durian yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pektin yaitu pada bagian kulit dalam durian yang berwarna putih yang disebut juga dengan mesocarp. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan karakterisasi serbuk pektin albedo durian yang dihasilkan dan mengetahui kualitas serbuk eksipien pharmaceutical grade dari pektin albedo durian. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode refluks menggunakan pelarut asam sulfat. Pada kondisi keasaman pelarut pH 2, pH 3, dan pH 4, waktu ekstraksi 5 jam dan pada suhu 90⁰C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik pektin pH 3 lebih memenuhi kriteria sebagai eksipien pharmaceutical grade karena laju alir yang paling baik yaitu 4,368 g/detik, kerapatan mampat 0,590 g/mL, kompresibilitas 11,802%, sudut diam 20,124⁰, susut pengeringan 10%, kadar Pb 7,075 bpj dan kadar abu 10,760%.
Kembali ke Alam untuk Meminimalkan Risiko: Alasan Perempuan Muda Memilih Perawatan Kecantikan Tradisional
Authors: Darmawan Arif Budi , Handitasari Alfira Nuarifia
Published: August 2021

The emergence of modernization and globalization, followed by technology, information, and communication, leads Javanese millennial women to start using modern beauty treatment. On the other side, there are groups of millennial women who prefer to use traditional treatment. Research on traditional treatments and Jamu (Indonesian herbal medicine) are mostly focus on its function rather than reasons of people using it. This study explores the factors and reasons of millennial women to return to use traditional beauty treatment rather than modern one. This study applied qualitative in particular phenomenology to explain this trend and to understand the meaning from the perspective of users. This research conducted in Yogyakarta Special Region and involved eight millennial women. Using theory of Ulrich Beck on risk society, this study suggests that the trend of back to natural treatment among millennials is a form of a reflexive modernity. There are reasons of young women to do this; 1) previous experience of adverse effect of modern beauty treatment; 2) the price of traditional beauty treatment is more affordable than modern one; 3) the feasibility of getting basic ingredients for traditional beauty treatment; 4) belief about the good effect of traditional beauty treatment rather than modern one.
Pembagian Kerja Berdasarkan Gender dalam Pengelolaan Agroforestri di Hulu DAS Citarum
Authors: Kinasih Salma Rizkya , Wulandari Indri
Published: August 2021

This study discusses gender division of labor in agroforestry at Tarumajaya Village, upstream of Citarum Watershed. This study aims to describe the division of labor mechanism of agroforestry farmers based on the anthropology of gender perspective. The manifestation of gender can be seen from the mechanism of division labor on every kind of land-use system. Agroforestry is an intensive land-use system that combines crops, woods, and/or livestock in one intensive land to obtain economic-ecology harmonization. Agroforestry was introduced by the government through a top-down approach, by Peraturan Presiden No. 15/2018 about the Acceleration of Pollution Control and Damage to the Citarum River Basin, which is used to conserve the Citarum Watershed. Unfortunately, agroforestry had unfavorable condition due to the clash with crops habits and subsistence economic needs. This research applied ehnographic methods and the data were collected through literature study, observation, and in-depth interview. The data were analyzed using Gender Harvard Analytical Framework. This study found that the division of labor in agroforestry households is negotiable. Men and women have the opportunities to work together in the system. However, gender blind introduction of agroforestry only made women as cheap wage labor. They are being subordinated and alienated by the system. They don’t have equal access and control to the technology, information, and market. These problems occur because gender intersects with various factors such as culture and religion, demography, economy, formal law, social class, and politics. Therefore, agroforestry needs to take a gender approach to get optimum results.
Cognitive Regeneration and the Noetic Effects of Sin: Why Theology and Cognitive Science May not be Compatible
Authors: Launonen Lari
Published: August 2021

Justin Barrett and Kelly James Clark have suggested that cognitive science of religion supports the existence of a god-faculty akin to sensus divinitatis. They propose that God may have given rise to the god-faculty via guided evolution. This suggestion raises two theological worries. First, our natural cognition seems to favor false god-beliefs over true ones. Second, it also makes us prone to tribalism. If God hates idolatry and moral evil, why would he give rise to mind with such biases? A Plantingian response would point to the noetic effects of sin. Such a response, however, would have to assume that God is restoring the minds of believers. This paper considers empirical reasons to doubt that such a process is taking place.
Ethics and Aesthetics in Contemporary Russian Literature
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Pevak Elena
Published: August 2021

Ethical totalitarism in the sphere of culture – a feature of the present time – is more dangerous than ethical indifferentism. One of the possibilities for realizing the principle of ethical independenсe is focusing on aesthetic issues. The history of Russian literature shows that the less ethics bounds there is in creativity, the more successful is the creativity itself, and it is less dangerous to exist within the framework of some generally accepted moral codes than in situation of self-limiting by ethics rules. It turns out that, on the one hand, the rights of individuality are expanding in the modern world, on the other, the behavior of an individual is strictly regulated by the rules that are put forward by representatives of certain social groups. In the realm of aesthetic experimentation, the author seems to have more rights than responsibilities; in the sphere of ethics author is limited by the dominated norms of social institutions.
“Zinc Boys” and “Chernobyl Man” in Svetlana Alexievich᾿s Documentary-Artistic Anthropology
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Nichiporov Ilia
Published: August 2021

The article considers the anthropological content of the documentary and artistic books by Svetlana Alexievich “Zinc boys” (1989) and “Chernobyl prayer” (1986– 2005). “Zinc boys” and “Chernobyl man” are presented in the work as symptomatic socio-psychological phenomena of our time, spread far beyond the historical circumstances risen by them.
“Nova Revija” Magazine as a Catalyst for Socio-political Changes (to the 30th anniversary of Slovenia’s declaration of independence)
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, RAS, Starikova Nadezhda
Published: August 2021

The article tells about the activities of the Slovenian literary-critical magazine “Nova Revia” (1982–2010), which united representatives of the democratic intelligentsia – writers, critics, philosophers, sociologists – and became “the intellectual center of the ‘Slovenian spring’” (N. Grafenauer). In the late 1980s on its pages were discussed not only topical problems of culture, literature and art, but were conducted polemics on internal political and national issues, was openly sounded criticism of socialist ideology and ethics. The magazine published the first national political program of the opposition, in which were expressed the demands for the state independence of the Republic of Slovenia. Its authors played an important role in the formation of a multi-party system in the republic and in the political life of the young state after the proclamation of sovereignty.
‘Masha shila plat’e…’ ‒ Some Facts on Lexical Indicators of the Semantics of Biological Sex in Russian
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Mamechkov Stepan
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the lexical means expressing the biological sex semantics in Russian. Nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs may carry information on the denotatum of the semantically related noun. According to the National corpus of Russian language a set of such relevant lexemes and the statistical probability of their male and female markedness is established. Also the statistical probability of their male and female markedness in accordance with the modern Russian lexical minimum is determined.
The Semantics of ‘Nod’ in Russian
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Korosteleva Anna
Published: August 2021

The study was carried out by the method of semantic communicative analysis, which is used this case to the kinesics. The article proposes an invariant semantic parameter of the Russian communicative gesture ‘to nod’. On the movies dialogue material a number of possible implementations of this parameter is shown in various purports. The analysis presented in the work clarifies the place of kinesic means (posture, mimic, gesture) in the system of communicative level of the Russian language. The results of the study can serve as a basis for creating a fundamentally new dictionary description of “the nod” for the future Dictionary of Russian communicative gestures.
Russian-language Literaly Periodicals
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Sorokina Vera
Published: August 2021

The problem of Russian-language Literature of the far-abroad countries has been little studied by home literary critics and the concept itself has been developed only in application to the literature of Russian peoples and the near abroad. Creative associations and periodicals play an important role in the formation of a new type of Russian literature. Germany turned out to be the European center of Russian-language literature, just like a hundred years ago. The Russian-language literature is published by differently oriented periodicals among which are magazines adherent to the idea of two Russian literatures; magazines supporting the unity of the Russian literature and those tending to reveal the peculiarities of émigré Russian literature through the comparison it with the metropolitan one. The Russian-language literary prosses take place in a variety of periodicals and has signs of one of the national micro-cultures in the European space.
Use of Phenolic Profile and Fatty Acid Composition on Chemometric Discrimination of Turkish Virgin Olive Oils with Geographical Indication
Authors: TÜRKAY Çisil , ÖZDİKİCİERLER Onur , YEMİŞÇİOĞLU Fahri
Published: August 2021

A geographical indication (GI) of virgin olive oil (VOO) certifies the origin and production methodology within a determinative quality aspect. On the other hand, from the consumer perspective, VOO’s with GI are expected to show a difference from other VOO’s, even though it is not an official obligation. In this study, samples from seven different Turkish VOO’s with GI were evaluated and possible discrimination among them was determined and justified using principal component analysis (PCA). Results revealed that saturated fatty acid (SAFA) content was a key factor for Nizip samples to discriminate from VOO’s with GI. Samples of Southern Agean (Güney Ege) and Ayvalık had the highest amount of secoiridoids content. When phenolic profile was considered alone, Mut and Nizip samples were clearly separated while groupings among other samples were somehow overlapped. PCA using fatty acid composition revealed that Nizip and Güney Ege samples were located on different sides of the score plot. Regional distances among sample sets greatly affected the discrimination of the PCA plot when their fatty acid composition was involved.
Potansiyel Ekşi Hamur Starter Kültürü Weissella cibaria N9'un Dondurularak Kurutulması için Koruyucu Ajanların Optimizasyonu
Authors: GÜL Latife Betül , GÜL Osman , DERTLİ Enes , ÇON Ahmet Hilmi
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmada ekşi hamurdan izole edilmiş ve starter kültür olarak kullanılabileceği belirlenmiş Weissella cibaria N9 suşunun liyofilizasyonu için optimum kriyoprotektan formülasyonunun belirlenmesi, liyofilize kültürün karakterizasyonu ve depolama stabilitelerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Liyofilizasyon sonrası yüksek canlılık sağlamak için kullanılacak yağsız süt tozu (YST), laktoz ve sükroz’dan oluşan optimum formülasyon Box Behnken tasarımı kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Optimum kriyoprotektan formülasyonu yüksek canlılık (>%99) için %5.65 YST, %20 laktoz ve %9.38 sükroz şeklinde tanımlanmıştır. Optimum kriyoprotektan formülasyonu kullanılarak elde edilen liyofilize kültürün nem içeriği, aw, camsı geçiş, partikül yüzey özellikleri ve kristal yapı bakımından kabul edilebilir fizikokimyasal özelliklere sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir. 3.37x10-3 1/gün inaktivasyon katsayısı ile en yüksek canlılık (9.11 log kob/g) 4C’de depolama sonunda elde edilmiştir. Sıcaklığa bağlı hızlandırılmış raf ömrü testi sonucu en hızlı canlılık kaybı 70C’de gözlenmiş olup kriyoprotektan kullanımı termal ölüm oranını azaltmıştır. Kriyoprotektan kullanılarak üretilen kültürün oda sıcaklığında 18 ay saklanabileceği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, optimum kriyoprotektan formülasyonu W. cibaria N9’un liyofilizasyonu ve depolama sırasında hücre canlılığını korumada etkili olduğu, toz materyaller için gerekli özellikleri taşıdığı ve uzun dönem muhafaza için canlılığın yeterli hassasiyette tahmin edilmesinde sıcaklığa bağlı hızlandırılmış raf ömrü testinin faydalı bir teknik olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Monascus purpureus’dan Katı Kültür Fermantasyon Yöntemi ile Renk Pigmenti Üretimi
Authors: GÖKSUNGUR Yekta , SARIYILDIZ Seda
Published: August 2021

Bu araştırmada katı kültür fermantasyon tekniği ile Monascus purpureus CMU 001 küfünden mikrobiyal pigment üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Substrat olarak bira mayşe atığı ve gofret yaprağı tozu kullanılmış ve en yüksek kırmızı renk pigmenti sentezinin gerçekleştiği fermantasyon koşulları belirlenmiştir. En yüksek pigment üretimi olan 59.55 AU500/g değeri, ilave besin elementi kullanılmadan 1:4 (g/g) oranında karıştırılmış bira mayşe atığı ve atık gofret yaprağı tozu substrat olarak kullanıldığında, optimum koşullar olan %85 başlangıç nem oranında, başlangıç pH 7.5 değerinde, 3 mL aşı hacmi ve 28°C inkübasyon sıcaklığında, fermantasyonun 9. gününde elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışma proses atıkları olan bira mayşe atığı ve gofret yaprağı tozunun katı kültür fermantasyon tekniği ile renk pigmenti üretiminde beraber kullanıldığı ilk çalışmadır.
Yağ Türünün Bir Fonksiyonu Olarak Lesitin Adsorbe Edilmiş Yağ/Su Emülsiyonlarının Ara Yüzey Reolojik Özellikleri
Authors: ASLAN TÜRKER Duygu , GÖKSEL SARAÇ Meryem , DOĞAN Mahmut
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmada stabil emülsiyonların oluşturulması için önemli bir faktör olan farklı yağ çeşitlerinin emülsiyon oluşturma olanakları incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla mısır yağı, soya yağı ve zeytinyağı kullanılarak %1 oranında lesitin içeren emülsiyonlar hazırlanmıştır. Emülsiyonların karakterizasyonunu gerçekleştirmek amacıyla emülsiyonların fizikokimyasal ve emülsifikasyon özellikleri ile reolojik ve yağ/su katmanındaki ara yüzey (interfacial) reolojik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, farklı kaynaklardan elde edilen yağların emülsiyonların reolojik özelliklerinde önemli farklılıklar meydana getirdiğini göstermiştir. En düşük görünür viskozite (η50) değeri soya yağı ile hazırlanan emülsiyonlarda kaydedilmiştir. Farklı yağların kullanılması emülsiyonların kıvam katsayısı ve η50 değerleri üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir değişim meydana getirmiştir. Emülsiyonların ara yüzey reolojik özellikleri incelendiğinde zeytinyağı ile hazırlanan emülsiyonlarda daha zayıf bir ara yüzey filminin oluştuğu gözlenmiştir. Farklı yağlarla hazırlanan emülsiyonlar birbiri ile kıyaslandığında ise soya yağı ile hazırlanan emülsiyonların kompleks viskozite (ηi*) değerlerinin daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, emülsiyonlarda kullanılan farklı yağların yağ/su (Y/S) emülsiyonlarının ara yüzeyini etkilediği ve termodinamik olarak daha dayanıklı emülsiyonların oluşturulabilmesi için emülsiyonların sürekli fazı içerisinde kullanılan yağların ara yüzey özelliklerinin dikkate alınması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Blok Tip Eritme Peynirinden Üretilen Peynir Cipslerinin Bazı Özellikleri
Authors: ALBAY Zehra , İŞLİYEN Tuğçe , YILDIRIM Yoldaş , ŞİMŞEK Bedia
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmada, mikrodalga kurutma uygulanarak blok tip Eritme peynirinden peynir cipsi üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Cips hamurları mikrodalga fırında 360 ve 600W mikrodalga güçlerinde 120 ve 240 saniye sürelerde üretilerek dört grup peynir cipsi elde edilmiştir. Peynir cipslerine bazı fizikokimyasal, renk, tekstür, mikrobiyolojik ve duyusal analizler uygulanmıştır. Peynir cipsi örneklerinin ortalama kuru madde değerleri %92.77-97.24 arasında belirlenmiştir. Kurutma süresi veya uygulanan mikrodalga gücü arttıkça kuru madde, tuz ve kül oranlarının arttığı, su aktivitesinin azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Renk analiziyle 360W-120s koşullarında kurutulan örneklerin daha parlak ve sarı renkte olduğu belirlenmiştir. Mikrodalga gücü ve kurutma süresi arttıkça sarı rengin ve parlaklık değerinin azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Cipslerin ortalama sertlik değerlerinin 384.66-520.92 g aralığında olduğu görülmüştür. Peynir cipslerinden 360W-240s koşullarında üretilen cipslerin genel kabul edilebilirlik değerinin en yüksek düzeyde olduğu ve bunu 600W-120s koşullarında üretilen cipslerin izlediği tespit edilmiştir.
Düşük Frekansta Elektriksel İşlem Destekli Ekstraksiyon Yöntemleri ile Gıdalardan Değerli Bileşen Eldesi
Authors: ÇABAS Buse Melek , İÇİER Filiz
Published: August 2021

Son yıllarda gıdaların yapısında bulunan yağ, esansiyel yağ, renk maddesi, polifenol, protein ve pektin gibi değerli bileşenlerin eldesinde kullanılan ekstraksiyon yöntemlerinin bazı olumsuz yönlerinin olduğu bazı olumsuz yönlerinin iyileştirilmesi amacıyla güncel alternatif yöntemleri üzerine yapılan çalışmalar artmaktadır. Ekstraksiyon işlemi ile gıdaların yapısındaki değerli bileşenleri yüksek verim ve kalitede elde edebilmek amaçlanmaktadır. Güncel yöntemler arasında yer alan düşük frekansta elektrik işlem ile desteklenmiş ekstraksiyon yöntemleri, geleneksel yöntemlere kıyasla yüksek ekstraksiyon ve enerji verimliliği, daha az solvent tüketimi ve daha kısa işlem süresi gibi bazı avantajlar sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ohmik ısıtma, ılımlı elektrik alan ve vurgulu elektrik alan gibi düşük frekansta uygulanan elektriksel işlemlerin ekstraksiyon mekanizması üzerine etkileri, etki eden işlem parametreleri (sıcaklık, frekans, dalga tipi, voltaj gradyanı ve elektriksel iletkenlik) ve gıda endüstrisindeki uygulama alanları derlenmiştir.
Çimlendirilmiş Bazı Tahıl ve Baklagillerin Kimyasal Özellikleri ve Çimlendirmeyle Açığa Çıkan Biyoaktif Bileşenlerin Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: ŞENLİK Ayşe Seda , ALKAN Derya
Published: August 2021

Çeşitli metabolik ve kronik hastalıkların dünya genelindeki görülme sıklığının artması, beslenmenin sağlık üzerinde çok önemli bir role sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Son zamanlarda bilinçli tüketiciler beslenme alışkanlıklarını değiştirme eğilimi göstermekte, vitamin, mineral, biyoaktif bileşenler ve antioksidan maddelerden zengin doğal gıdalara yönlenmektedir. Günlük diyette fonksiyonel besin adı altındaki filizlenmiş tanelerin tüketimindeki artışa bağlı olarak, çimlendirilmiş tanelerde biyoaktif bileşenler ve antioksidan kapasite içerikleriyle ilgili araştırmalar da artış göstermiştir. Hayvansal proteinlere iyi bir alternatif olan tahıl ve baklagil tanelerinden yüksek besin değeri elde etmek için çimlendirme işlemi uygulanabilmektedir. Çimlendirme sırasında, bitki ve tohumlarda diyet lifi, vitamin, mineral ve fenolik madde gibi bileşiklerin sentezlenmesi, protein, karbonhidrat ve yağ asidi kompozisyonlarının değişmesi gibi önemli biyokimyasal olaylar gerçekleşmektedir. Çimlendirme ile tanenin besin içeriğinde meydana gelen bu değişiklikler insan beslenmesinde önemli bir yere sahip olma yanında birçok hastalığın önlenmesinde etkili olabilmektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasında, çimlenme sürecinde bazı tahıl ve baklagillerde meydana gelen biyokimyasal değişiklikler; makro ve mikro besin öğeleri, biyoaktif bileşenler, antibesinsel faktörler ve antioksidan kapasite göz önüne alınarak incelenmiştir.
Probiyotiklerin Meyve ve Sebze Bazlı İçeceklerde Kullanımı
Authors: YÜCEL ŞENGÜN İlkin , YAHŞİ Yunus
Published: August 2021

Günümüzde bilimsel ve teknolojik alanlarda meydana gelen gelişmeler sayesinde tüketicilerin gıda tercihleri besleyici, sağlıklı ve hastalıkları önlemede etkili olan fonksiyonel gıdalara yönelmiştir. Fonksiyonel gıdaların büyük kısmını süt bazlı probiyotik ürünler oluşturmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, vejetaryen, süt proteinlerine alerjisi olan ve laktoz intoleransına sahip kişilerin laktoz içermeyen, besin değeri yüksek ve kolesterol oranı düşük ürünlere yönelik talepleri artmış ve bu nedenle probiyotik gelişimini destekleyen yeni gıda matrisleri güncel araştırma konusu haline gelmiştir. Bu kapsamda meyve ve sebzeler, inülin, galaktooligosakkarit ve fruktooligosakkarit gibi probiyotik gelişimini destekleyen prebiyotiklerin yanı sıra vitamin, mineral ve fenolik bileşikler gibi sağlığa faydalı bileşenler açısından zengin olmaları sebebiyle alternatif gıda matrisleri arasında yer almaktadırlar. Probiyotik taşıyıcıları olarak meyve ve sebzelerin kullanılması ile fonksiyonel özellikleri arttırılmış daha sağlıklı ürünler elde edilebilmektedir. Farklı tekniklerle üretilen meyve ve sebze bazlı probiyotik içeceklerin geliştirilmesi amacıyla hammadde olarak sıklıkla elma, portakal, ananas, havuç ve pancar, probiyotik kültür olarak ise genellikle Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. casei, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides ve Bifidobacterium lactis kullanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, probiyotiklerin çeşitli hammaddelerde canlılığını sürdürebilmesi; kullanılan probiyotik suş ve doz, ortamın pH değeri, antimikrobiyel bileşiklerin varlığı, kullanılan katkı maddeleri, oksijen düzeyi ve uygulanan teknolojik işlemler gibi faktörlere bağlı olarak değişebilmektedir. Probiyotik canlılığının korunması amacıyla en sık kullanılan teknikler arasında mikroenkapsülasyon, immobilizasyon ve prebiyotik kullanımı yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, probiyotik meyve ve sebze bazlı içeceklerin geliştirildiği güncel çalışmalar derlenmiştir.
Etil Laurol Arjinat ile Zenginleştirilmiş Yenilebilir Film ve Kaplamalar
Authors: DEMİRCAN Bahar , ÖZDESTAN OCAK Özgül
Published: August 2021

Yenilebilir film ve kaplamalar gıdaları fiziksel, kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik hasarlardan korumanın yanı sıra çeşitli antimikrobiyallerin gıda sistemlerinde kullanımında bir taşıyıcı olarak da işlev görmektedir. Literatürde yenilebilir film ve kaplamarın yapısına birçok farklı bileşik eklenerek gıdaların raf ömürlerinin güvenli bir şekilde uzatılması birçok araştırmacı tarafından çalışılmıştır. Son yıllarda ise güçlü ve geniş antimikrobiyal aktivite spektrumuna sahip olan ve tatsız, kokusuz ve beyaz toz formda olması nedeniyle kullanım kolaylığı sağlayan etil laurol arjinat ön plana çıkmaktadır. Etil laurol arjinatın yenilebilir film ve kaplamalara dahil edilerek etkinliğinin incelenmesi nispeten yeni bir çalışma alanı olsa da elde edilen sonuçlar incelendiğinde etil laurol arjinatın bu sistemlerin hem fiziko-kimyasal hem de antimikrobiyal etkisini önemli ölçüde arttırdığı bilinmektedir. Maddenin yasal kullanım sınırlarının düşük olması, bu ajanın yenilebilir film ve kaplamalar ile birlikte gıda sistemlerine uygulanması hem düşük miktarların gerekliliği hem de yavaş salımına bağlı olarak etkisinin uzun süreler korunabilmesi önemli avantajlar sunmaktadır. Bu derlemede, etil laurol arjinat ile zenginleştirilmiş yenilebilir film ve kaplamalar hakkında bilgi verilmektedir.
Poetic Madness in Malcolm Bradbury’s Eating People Is Wrong
Authors: Friji Noureddine
Published: August 2021

This article addresses the age-old correlation between poetic genius and madness as represented in Malcolm Bradbury’s academic novel Eating People Is Wrong (1959), zeroing in on a student-cum-poet and a novelist-cum-poet called Louis Bates and Carey Willoughby, respectively. While probing this unexplored theme in Bradbury’s novel, I pursue three primary aims. To begin with, I seek to demonstrate that certain academics’ tendency to fuse or confuse the poetic genius of their students and colleagues with madness is not only rooted in inherited assumptions, generalizations, and exaggerations but also in their own antipathy towards poets on the grounds that they persistently diverge from social norms. Second, I endeavour to ignite readers’ enthusiasm about the academic novel subgenre by underscoring the vital role it plays in energizing scholarly debate about the appealing theme of poetic madness. Lastly, the study concedes that notwithstanding the prevalence of prejudice among their populations, universities, on the whole, do not relinquish their natural veneration for originality, discordant views, and rewarding dialogue.
Dualistic Vision in Virginia Woolf’sThe Waves
Authors: Gami Loran
Published: August 2021

The article focuses on Virginia Woolf’s novel,The Waves,asui generiswork, in which the writer explores metaphysical and epistemological issues such as the meaning of selfhood, time and identity as flux, silence and language, the self as defined by language, and other fundamental concerns. These topics are explored through a dualistic perspective. This duality permeates the entire structure of the novel through binary oppositions: the self as one/the self as plural; the lyrical/the novelistic; the mystical/the rational; narrative/formlessness; the embodied/the disembodied; potentiality/actuality; language/silence. Woolf’s ambivalent approach is also at work in the way she uses language in the novel. The urge towards a teleological existence prompts her characters to turn events into a narrative that would arrange and combine them into one thread. The present article, however, shows that inThe Wavesthe very human propensity to turn experience into a coherent story is countered by the opposite perception that this narrativizing drive is only an illusion.
Narrative Quantum Cosmology in Michael Frayn’s Copenhagen
Authors: Amani Omid , Pirnajmuddin Hossein
Published: August 2021

Twentieth-century drama has made the stage a site for reflecting on science. Michael Frayn’s Copenhagen, considered by many as one of the most striking contributions to “science plays,” portrays the elusive yet crucial short meeting of the two pillars of quantum physics, Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg, in the autumn of 1941. The play employs ‘real’ scientists as characters that recurrently refer to and explain their scientific ideas such as uncertainty and complementarity, recognized as the Copenhagen Interpretation. Adopting the approach of possible worlds theory, this article analyses the concept of ‘possible worlds’ as projected in Copenhagen in light of the idea that physics itself has proposed a proliferation of parallel universes (multiverse). In fact, our main thesis is that the play offers an alternate history and brings about a myriad of counterfactuals that are tested as “drafts.”
“L’enfer, c’est les autres”: En-gendering Sin in Middle English Religious Drama. The Case of Chester
Authors: Ciobanu Estella
Published: August 2021

This article investigates the relationship between sin and its retribution as depicted in three Middle English biblical plays concerned with retribution, Noah’s Flood, the Harrowing of Hell and the Last Judgement, in the Chester biblical drama collection. The plays’ general tenor is, to modern sensibilities, conservative and disciplinarian with respect to social mores. Yet, studying the portrayal of sin against the plays’ social background may uncover secular mutations of the Christian conceptualisation of sin as a function of gender as well as estate. Chester’s Last Judgement dramatises sin in accordance with fifteenth-century ecclesiastical and secular developments which criminalise people along gender-specific, not just trade-specific, lines. In showing Mulier as the only human being whom Christ leaves behind in hell after his redemptive descensus, the Harrowing dooms not just the brewers’ and alehouse-keepers’ dishonesty, as imputed to brewsters in late medieval England, but women themselves, if under the guise of their trade-related dishonesty. The underside of the Chester Noahs’ cleansing voyage is women’s ideological and social suppression. Whether or not we regard the Good Gossips’ wine-drinking – for fear of the surging waters – or Mrs Noah’s defiant resistance to her husband as a performance of the sin of humankind calling for the punitive deluge, the script gives female characters a voice not only to show their sinfulness. Rather, like the Harrowing of Hell and less so the Last Judgement, Noah’s Flood, I argue, participates in a hegemonic game which appropriates one sin of the tongue, gossip, to make it backfire against those incriminated for using it in the first place: women.
Charitable London: F(o)unding the First Philanthropic Societies in the Metropolis
Authors: Butoescu Elena
Published: August 2021

As this article is less about charity per se than it is about the relationships between place and institutional policies of benevolence, my intention is to look at how practices and laws of public charity operated in a city whose economic and social geography was changing after 1700, when the streets were populated with vulnerable people driven into poverty and when the subjects of pauperism and poor laws “engaged the attention of the legislature with increasing frequency” (Purdy 287). This article looks at the modus operandi of private and public philanthropic societies in eighteenth-century London in order to observe how both religious- and secular-driven charitable societies were motivated by the same goal of social reform, whether prompted by the Enlightenment or religious values. While the notion of Pietas Londinensis indicated the existence of various operating charities and casual philanthropic acts in the London area, charitable institutions had not been set up until the eighteenth century. In late Stuart and Georgian Britain charitable, London was shaped both by economic forces and by the various cultural meanings people attached to its space, and this new paradigm transferred all matters concerning the poor from parochial obligation to civic responsibility. The article will focus on the mechanisms which made this transfer possible while considering acts of public charity and philanthropic societies that emerged in the long eighteenth century, from hospitals and infirmaries to almshouses and charity schools, with a view to observing the changes in English mentality as a result of charitable activity.