bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transitioning to same-sex accommodation in mental health services
Authors: Mills Jonathan KA , Hamer Samantha
Published: February 2015

External pressure and the ambition to improve dignity for patients during hospital admission have led to hospitals adopting policies to care for patients in same-sex environments. In one trust, patients have previously been cared for on mixed wards; the aim to separate patients presents demands to reconfigure the ward environment. Incident reports were examined prior to, and after, the transition had occurred. Results were statistically analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0. On the male ward, the number of falls increased significantly from an average of 8.7 to 16.2 (p= 0.014) post-transmission. Recorded violence increased from an average 7.1 to 20.4 per month (p= 0.014). However, on the female ward, violence appeared to reduce from an average of 8.1 to 3.0 episodes per month (p = 0.002). The average length of stay and use of the Mental Health act did not appear significantly affected. The findings suggest that transitioning to a single-sex environment did not lead to significant reductions in disinhibition or use of mental health legislation. Falls and violence among male patients appeared to increase, though female patients appeared less violent post-transition. There are no compelling results to support or refute transition to single-sex environments. Ultimately, this is a policy decision.
Who's afraid of Mr Fox?
Authors: Fox Eades Jenny
Published: February 2015

Jenny Fox Eades, an education adviser from Macclesfield, Cheshire, explores stories and stereotypes about nocturnal creatures. She invites us to use classic myths, but to make sure we give children a chance to challenge them too.
Click on to keyboard poems
Authors: Smith Dave
Published: February 2015

Use a concept keyboard to write poems. By Dave Smith, assistant marketing director for APU's mPowerNet ICT Training for Teachers.
Games help pupils learn place value
Authors: Thomas Alison
Published: February 2015

Alison Thomas, a middle-school maths co-ordinator at St Thomas's London Day Schools, and former editor of Five to Eleven, shows how games can be used to bring a fresh outlook to number work.
Writing with purpose makes a difference
Authors: Wilson Bob
Published: February 2015

Bob Wilson, author of the Stanley Bagshaw stories, talks about the ways you can help children to write creatively.
Child protection: Teacher Responsibility
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: February 2015

Before too long, schools will have to join the ‘multi-agency’ approach to child protection. But what does that mean for the classroom teacher?
When maths is pure fun
Authors: Dabell John
Published: February 2015

Using novelty or recreational maths is an inventive and enjoyable way to promote the magic of numbers and guarantees to motivate and inspire. By John Dabell, a maths co-ordinator teaching in Derby.
A week of story work — without writing a word
Authors: Eades Jenny Fox
Published: February 2015

You can work meaningfully on narrative form without the need for children to write down their ideas, as storyteller and education adviser Jenny Fox Eades explains
Mathemagicians and number wizards
Authors: Dabell John
Published: February 2015

Take your pick from a dozen number tricks that demonstrate the wonders of our number system. By John Dabell, a maths co-ordinator from Derby
Caring for the environment
Authors: Andrews Crispin
Published: February 2015

Who decides how our countryside is developed? Using a real-life case study, education writer Crispin Andrews shows how to encourage debating skills when considering environmental issues
Ofsted build-up was hell, but I survived
Authors: Nixon Sam
Published: February 2015

Columnist Sam Nixon started last term as a newly qualified teacher. He teaches a year 6 class at St Saviour's Primary School in Larkhall, Bath, while not writing for Five to Eleven.
The future is wild in millions of years
Authors: King Peggy
Published: February 2015

Gannetwhales and cryptiles on the loose! Watch the future unfold with this extraordinary DVD-based lesson. By Peggy King, head of marketing and communication at The Future is Wild, Stroud.
How to design real African beads
Authors: Richardson Sarah
Published: February 2015

Sarah Richardson, an art and design consultant from London, shows how to make African jewellery from scratch using beads.
Meat eaters that want a tasty lunch
Authors: Canning Jo
Published: February 2015

Jo Canning, education officer for ARKive, The Wildscreen Trust, Bristol, provides resources and expert tips for a lesson using video footage to find out how carnivores hunt their prey.
Gandalf and the Orkney Vikings
Authors: Fox Eades Jenny
Published: February 2015

Jenny Fox Eades, a freelance writer and education consultant from Macclesfield, Cheshire, suggests ways children can act out some peaceful aspects of viking life and get a more balanced view of the Norsemen.
How to make the most of a school poetry workshop
Authors: Carter James
Published: February 2015

Read about the great benefits of a visiting poet. By James Carter, a children's poet from Cholsey, Oxford, who does workshops and poetry peformances in schools all over the UK.
The Spirit of the Romany
Authors: Frankham Maria
Published: February 2015

In the first article for Five to Eleven's new key stage 1 literacy section Jenny Eades, a storyteller from Cheshire, suggests ways of using this lovely tale in class. It has been retold for Five to Eleven by Romany gypsy Maria Frankham.
Multiple Visualization Web Approach for Cultural Heritage Objects
Authors: Abate Dante , Furini Graziano , Migliori Silvio , Pierattini Samuele
Published: February 2015

Usually the diffusion and sharing of cultural heritage documented 3D models on the web are not first of concern for scholars due to the fear of losing the intellectual property related to them. Sometimes the interaction and navigation of virtual objects via the World Wide Web is also problematic due to their dimension (number of triangles), when high-definition has to be preserved. In this paper we propose a mash up methodology, for a multiple approach to visualize 3D models over the internet. After the digitization of a marble statue placed in the Medieval Museum of the city of Bologna, according to the well known 3D pipeline (from the laser scan survey to the texturing process), we assembled together different solutions for sharing the model on the web.
From Deposit to Point Cloud – a Study of Low-Cost Computer Vision Approaches for the Straightforward Documentation of Archaeological Excavations
Authors: Doneus M. , Verhoeven G. , Fera M. , Briese Ch. , Kucera M. , Neubauer W.
Published: February 2015

Stratigraphic archaeological excavations demand high-resolution documentation techniques for 3D recording. Today, this is typically accomplished using total stations or terrestrial laser scanners. This paper demonstrates the potential of another technique that is low-cost and easy to execute. It takes advantage of software using Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithms, which are known for their ability to reconstruct camera pose and threedimensional scene geometry (rendered as a sparse point cloud) from a series of overlapping photographs captured by a camera moving around the scene. When complemented by stereo matching algorithms, detailed 3D surface models can be built from such relatively oriented photo collections in a fully automated way. The absolute orientation of the model can be derived by the manual measurement of control points. The approach is extremely flexible and appropriate to deal with a wide variety of imagery, because this computer vision approach can also work with imagery resulting from a randomly moving camera (i.e. uncontrolled conditions) and calibrated optics are not a prerequisite. For a few years, these algorithms are embedded in several free and low-cost software packages. This paper will outline how such a program can be applied to map archaeological excavations in a very fast and uncomplicated way, using imagery shot with a standard compact digital camera (even if the ima ges were not taken for this purpose). Archived data from previous excavations of VIAS-University of Vienna has been chosen and the derived digital surface models and orthophotos have been examined for their usefulness for archaeological applications. The a bsolute georeferencing of the resulting surface models was performed with the manual identification of fourteen control points. In order to express the positional accuracy of the generated 3D surface models, the NSSDA guidelines were applied.  Simultaneously acquired terrestrial laser scanning data – which had been processed in our standard workflow – was used to independently check the results. The vertical accuracy of the surface models generated by SfM was found to be within 0.04 m at the 95 % confidence interval, whereas several visual assessments proved a very high horizontal positional accuracy as well.
Exploitation of Countrywide Airborne Lidar Dataset for Documentation of Historical Human Activities in Countryside
Authors: Dušánek Petr
Published: February 2015

During three years (2010 – 12) The Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre in cooperation with The Ministry of Defense of the Czech Republic and The Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic are providing mapping of the entire area of the Czech Republic by Airborne laser scanning (ALS) technology. The goal of this project is to derive a highly accurate Digital Terrain Model (DTM) for purposes of administration like detection of flooded areas, orthorectification of areal images etc. Such data set also seems to be an interesting da ta source for mapping of human activities in countryside. Human settlements, agriculture or mining activities left significant scars on natural landscape. These significant man-made structures are a part of so called cultural landscape. Man-made structures include ancient settlements, remains of medieval mining activities or remains of settlements abandoned during 20th century. This article generally presents how to derive information about the man-made structures from raw LiDAR. Examples of significant findings of man-made imprints in countryside are also presented. Goal of this article is not to describe a certain archeological site but to inform about strengths of ALS data to map human activities in countryside, mainly in forested areas.
Integration of Hybrid Outdoor and Indoor Surveying. A Case Study in Spanish Renaissance Style Towers
Authors: Sánchez J. I. , San José J. I. , Fernández J. J. , Martínez J. , Finat J.
Published: February 2015

The fusion of different image- and range-based techniques is acknowledged as the best option for threedimensional surveying of objects displaying a complicated geometry at different scales and/or resolutions. A special case deserving still several challenges involves to towers which represent a compendium of constructive elements and, consequently, a large amount of problems related to conservation or maintenance interventions. In this work, we display an extended photogrametric approach which includes elements information systems in Architecture with a special regard to structural analysis and some aspects of materials analysis. We illustrate our approach with several examples regarding a hybrid surveying of architectural Renaissance towers which have been constructed in several agrarian zones of the kingdom of Castilla (Spain) along 16th and 17th centuries.
Recommendations and Strategies for the Establishment of a Guideline for Monument Documentation Harmonized with the Existing European Standards and Codes
Authors: Kioussi Anastasia , Labropoulos Kyriakos , Karoglou Maria , Moropoulou Antonia , Zarnic Roko
Published: February 2015

Information on current state of immovable cultural heritage is important for specifying measures necessary to preserve the heritage in an appropriate condition and ensure that the maintenance required to keep it at this level is well defined. In this framework, EU-CHIC project aims to set-up a system introducing a concept of the “Cultural Heritage Identity Card”, which will develop into a systematic collection and storage of data on immovable heritage objects across European and neighboring countries. This work supports sustainable maintenance, preservation and revitalization of historic sites and monuments. This is achieved through the development of a guideline for the assessment of efficient documentation systems that identify the parameters needed for the characterisation of the preservation state of a monument and its possible alterations during its entire lifetime. In order to develop and test the recommendations for efficient compilation of the data pertinent to each monument under observation, the development of criteria, indicators and protocols as part of a common methodology that encourages the exchange of document between European countries is initiated. The criteria encompass all potential factors affecting the building structure, the non-structural elements, the architectural value and any other aspects ranging from the functionality of the monument/building, to its historic value. This has been achieved through an integrated survey of existing documentation protocols in the field of cultural heritage protection, and through implementation of recommendations about criteria for harmonizing these protocols, both which provide a new documentation methodology. This new methodology is an upgrade of current documentation methodologies, and responds to criteria and indicators for risk assessment and the technology state of diagnostics and data management. A guideline will provide the essential document for further development of European policies for the traceability of cultural assets and harmonization of criteria for the future maintenance of European Cultural Heritage.
Cultural Heritage Recording Utilising Low-Cost Closerange Photogrammetry
Authors: Kirchhöfer Melanie , Chandler Jim , Wackrow Rene
Published: February 2015

Cultural heritage is under a constant threat of damage or even destruction and comprehensive and accurate recording is necessary to attenuate the risk of losing heritage or serve as basis for reconstruction. Cost effective and easy to use methods are required to record cultural heritage, particularly during a world recession, and close-range photogrammetry has proven potential in this area. Off-the-shelf digital cameras can be used to rapidly acquire data at low cost, allowing non-experts to become involved. Exterior orientation of the camera during exposure ideally needs to be established for every image, traditionally requiring known coordinated target points. Establishing these points is time consuming and costly and using targets can be often undesirable on sensitive sites. MEMS-based sensors can assist in overcoming this problem by providing small-size and low-cost means to directly determine exterior orientation for close-range photogrammetry. This paper describes development of an image-based recording system, comprising an off-the-shelf digital SLR camera, a MEMS-based 3D orientation sensor and a GPS antenna. All system components were assembled in a compact and rigid frame that allows calibration of rotational and positional offsets between the components. The project involves collaboration between English Heritage and Loughborough University and the intention is to assess the system’s achievable accuracy and practicability in a heritage recording environment. Tests were conducted at Loughborough University and a case study at St. Catherine’s Oratory on the Isle of Wight, UK. These demonstrate that the data recorded by the system can indeed meet the accuracy requirements for heritage recording at medium accuracy (1-4cm), with either a single or even no control points. As the recording system has been configured with a focus on low-cost and easy-to-use components, it is believed to be suitable for heritage recording by non-specialists. This offers the opportunity for lay people to become more involved in their local heritage, an important aspiration identified by English Heritage. Recently, mobile phones (smartphones) with integrated camera and MEMS-based orientation and positioning sensors have become available. When orientation and position during camera exposure is extracted, these phones establish off-the-shelf systems that can facilitate image-based recording with direct exterior orientation determination. Due to their small size and low-cost they have potential to further enhance the involvement of lay-people in heritage recording. The accuracy currently achievable will be presented also.
Determination of St. George Basilica Tower Historical Inclination from Contemporary Photograph
Authors: Koska Bronislav
Published: February 2015

A large amount of photographic material has been accumulated from the photography emerge in the nineteenth century. The most photographs record portraits, urbanistic complex, significant architecture and others important objects in the photography inception. Historical photographs recorded a huge amount of information, which can be use for various research activities. Photograph visual information is sufficient in many cases, but accurate geometrical information must be acquired from it in specific situations. It is the case of long-term stability monitoring of buildings in the Prague Castle area see [1]. For static analysis in the monitoring project, it is necessary to determine accurately specific geometrical parameter – mutual angle of St. George Basilica towers in the north-south direction before the reconstruction started in 1888. The angle standard deviation must be solved as well. The task demanded using of photogrammetric methods. Own implementation of general bundle adjustment had to be created to fulfill determination of reliable standard deviation of the angle, because standard photogrammetric software does not have all the necessary options.
Using Unusual Technologies Combination for Madonna Statue Replication
Authors: Koska Bronislav
Published: February 2015

An unusual combination of some modern technologies was used to create precise copy of a medieval lime Madonna with polychromy and the process is described in the paper. The used and combined technologies were computer tomography, 3D scanning and modeling with textures, rapid prototyping and 3D milling. These modern technologies are standardly used in relic documentation and restoration, but their combination in a synergic procedure is unique. The main reason for using them was owner demand for minimizing working time with the original statue that he needed it for exhibition. The time needed for working with the original statue was in the case about 20 percent of standard time and overall time needed for creation of copy was in the case about 40 percent of standard time.
A Structured-Light Approach for the Reconstruction of Complex Objects
Authors: Kalisperakis Ilias , Grammatikopoulos Lazaros , Petsa Elli , Karras George
Published: February 2015

Recently, one of the central issues in the fields of Photogrammetry, Computer Vision, Computer Graphics and Image Processing is the development of tools for the automatic reconstruction of complex 3D objects. Among various approaches, one of the most promising is Structured Light 3D scanning (SL) which combines automation and high accuracy with low cost, given the steady decrease in price of cameras and projectors. SL relies on the projection of different light patterns, by means of a video projector, on 3D object sur faces, which are recorded by one or more digital cameras. Automatic pattern identification on images allows reconstructing the shape of recorded 3D objects via triangulation of the optical rays corresponding to projector and camera pixels. Models draped with realistic phototexture may be thus also generated, reproducing both geometry and appearance of the 3D world. In this context, subject of our research is a synthesis of state-of-the-art as well as the development of novel algorithms, in order to implement a 3D scanning system consisting, at this stage, of one consumer digital camera (DSLR) and a video projector. In the following, the main principles of structured light scanning and the algorithms implemented in our system are presented, and results are given to demonstrate the potential of such a system. Since this work is part of an ongoing research project, future tasks are also discussed.
The Etruscans in 3D: From Space to Underground
Authors: Remondino Fabio , Rizzi Alessandro , Jimenez Belen , Agugiaro Giorgio , Baratti Giorgio , De Amicis Raffaele
Published: February 2015

eomatics and Geoinformatics deal with spatial and geographic information, 3D surveying and modeling as well as information science infrastructures. Geomatics and Geoinformatics are thus involved in cartography, mapping, photogrammetry, remote sensing, laser scanning, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), geo-visualisation, geospatial data analysis and Cultural Heritage documentation. In particular the Cultural Heritage field can largely benefit from different Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) tools to make digital heritage information more informative for documentation and conservation issues, archaeological analyses or virtual museums. This work presents the 3D surveying and modeling of different Etruscan heritage sites with their underground frescoed tombs dating back to VII-IV century B.C.. The recorded and processed 3D data are used, beside digital conservation, preservation, transmission to future generations and studies purposes, to create digital contents for virtual visits, museum exhibitions, better access and communication of the heritage information, etc.
The Concept of “Sala de Fabrica”: On-Site Museums to Raise Awareness of Cultural Heritage After a Restoration Project
Authors: Vidal Ana Almagro , Torres Teresa Blanco , Martín Gabriel Morate
Published: February 2015

A conservation process usually generates new knowledge and an enormous amount of documentation during the inception and implementation of the project: the information collected from archives and other institutions; the information provided by the preliminary studies carried out prior to the intervention; the data provided in the field during the works and at the end of the process; and the final set of documentation delivered to the institution responsible for the maintenance and management of the monument. The challenge for conservation professionals and cultural heritage managers throughout this process once the works are over is to achieve and transmit this information to the public and specialists in order to raise awareness for better conservation of our built heritage. During the last few years, one of the actions that the Caja Madrid Foundation has activated with its restoration projects has been the opening of permanent on site museums or “Salas de Fábrica”, a place on site to understand the restoration works, to exhibit the remains that have being retrieved during the project and to permit the public to better understand the historical and artistic values of architectural and archaeological heritage as well as the importance of preserving our cultural legacy for the future.
Methodological Aspects of Architectural Documentation
Authors: Amorim Arivaldo
Published: February 2015

This paper discusses the methodological approach that is being developed in the state of Bahia in Brazil since 2003, in architectural and urban sites documentation, using extensive digital technologies. Bahia has a vast territory with important architectural ensembles ranging from the sixteenth century to present day. As part of this heritage is constructed of raw earth and wood, it is very sensitive to various deleterious agents. It is therefore critical document this collection that is under threats. To conduct those activities diverse digital technologies that could be used in documentation process are being experimented. The task is being developed as an academic research, with few financial resources, by scholarship students and some volunteers. Several technologies are tested ranging from the simplest to the more sophisticated ones, used in the main stages of the documentation project, as follows: work overall planning, data acquisition, processing and management and ultimately, to control and evaluate the work. The activities that motivated this paper are being conducted in the cities of Rio de Contas and Lençóis in the Chapada Diamantina, located at 420 km and 750 km from Salvador respectively, in Cachoeira city at Recôncavo Baiano area, 120 km from Salvador, the capital of Bahia state, and at Pelourinho neighbourhood, located in the historic capital. Part of the material produced can be consulted in the website: < www.lcad.ufba.br>.
The Issue of Documentation of Hardly Accessible Historical Monuments by Using of Photogrammetry and Laser Scanner Techniques
Authors: Bartoš Karol , Pukanská Katarína , Gajdošík Juraj , Krajňák Miroslav
Published: February 2015

This article deals with issues of measuring hardly accessible historical monuments on the example of the Slanec castle, Slovakia. In the first phase the convergence case of close-range photogrammetry was applied using digital camera Pentax K10D. Subsequently was created its 3D model in the PhotoModeler Scanner software. Special attention was paid to shape of ground, surroundings and characteristic of object of interest about choice of the right method and technique of making digital images. Processing of images was made with the highest possible accuracy with respect to the used method and apparatus. As a result of processing, the exact spatial model was made, which was exported to different formats. Also digital photo-plan with real photo textures and vector drawings was made. In the next phase the whole object of castle was measured with the laser scanner Leica ScanStation C10 and the final point cloud was processed in the best available software. The results obtained by both methods were compared in comparable digital formats with respect to the positional accuracy of final models. In the final phase is planned to obtain images appropriate for convergence case of photogrammetry using digital camera placed on a carrier on the MikroKopter HexaKopter controlled from the ground. Then the final comparison and further analysis of all acquired models can be made.
Learning from the Building: Direct Sources for the Preservation Project. The Experience of Besozzo's Town Hall (Varese, Italy)
Authors: Bortolotto Susanna , Ciocchini Elisabetta , Frigo Andrea , Garzulino Andrea , Simonelli Raffaella , Zangheri Fabio
Published: February 2015

The Town Hall of Besozzo (Varese, Italy) is located in the city centre of the village and its first construction phase is dated back to the XIV-XV century. It shows a complex palimpsest which is the result of the numerous transformations occurred during its life: enlargements, super elevations, demolitions, inner spaces subdivisions and use changes. Currently a project has been issued for the reuse of the building which assigns new spaces for the town offices to the northern wing recently acquired. The aim of the research was to provide a diagnostic insight, useful for the development of the conservation project which will necessarily take into account the multitude of values registered on the building. Owing to a lack of meaningful archival documentation, the elevation’s stratigraphic reading and the methods for dating historical buildings proved to be an invaluable resource for the comprehension of the building’s transformations. Cross-referencing readings of indirect sources carried on the building with the results of the in-depth analysis made it possible to rebuild the growth of the structure from its origin to the present days. Such analysis includes: geometric survey, photographic rectifications of facade and inner sections, non-destructive diagnostic investigations, bricks, mortar and plaster chemical-physical analysis, mensiochronology, study of the building techniques and chronotypology which is a stylistic analysis performed both on the constructive (apertures) and decorative (shelves, graffiti, colourings traces) architectural elements. Blending the results of these dating techniques produced the complexity of the stratigraphic reading which has been conveyed with adequate hatching on the rectified images (U.S. – Stratigraphic Unity) while schematic 3D reconstructions exemplify the chronological sequence of the building activities. Individuation and comprehension of the building constructive phases made also possible to understand which were the different uses of each room inside this domestic architecture thus providing the client and the bodies in charge of protection with valuable data for the preservation project.
Is the growth rate of Protein Data Bank sufficient to solve the protein structure prediction problem using template-based modeling?
Authors: Brylinski Michal
Published: February 2015

The Protein Data Bank (PDB) undergoes an exponential expansion in terms of the number of macromolecular structures deposited every year. A pivotal question is how this rapid growth of structural information improves the quality of three-dimensional models constructed by contemporary bioinformatics approaches. To address this problem, we performed a retrospective analysis of the structural coverage of a representative set of proteins using remote homology detected by COMPASS and HHpred. We show that the number of proteins whose structures can be confidently predicted increased during a 9-year period between 2005 and 2014 on account of the PDB growth alone. Nevertheless, this encouraging trend slowed down noticeably around the year 2008 and has yielded insignificant improvements ever since. At the current pace, it is unlikely that the protein structure prediction problem will be solved in the near future using existing template-based modeling techniques. Therefore, further advances in experimental structure determination, qualitatively better approaches in fold recognition, and more accurate template-free structure prediction methods are desperately needed.
Neurofilament medium polypeptide (NFM) protein concentration is increased in CSF and serum samples from patients with brain injury
Authors: Martínez-Morillo Eduardo , Childs Charmaine , García Belén Prieto , Álvarez Menéndez Francisco V. , Romaschin Alexander D. , Cervellin Gianfranco , Lippi Giuseppe , Diamandis Eleftherios P.
Published: February 2015

Brain injury is a medical emergency that needs to be diagnosed and treated promptly. Several proteins have been studied as biomarkers of this medical condition. The aims of this study were to: 1) evaluate the selectivity and precision of a commercial ELISA kit for neurofilament medium polypeptide (NFM) protein; and 2) evaluate the concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of healthy individuals and patients with brain damage.

An ELISA from Elabscience was used. The selectivity was evaluated using size-exclusion chromatography and mass spectrometry. Intra- and inter-batch coefficients of variation (CV) were also studied. Fifty-one CSF samples from 36 age-matched patients with hemorrhagic stroke (HS) (n=30), ischemic stroke (IS) (n=11) and healthy individuals (n=10) were assayed. In addition, serum samples from healthy volunteers (n=47), 68 serum samples from seven patients with HS, 106 serum samples from 12 patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 68 serum samples from 68 patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) were also analyzed.

NFM was identified in the chromatographic fraction with highest immunoreactivity. The intra- and inter-batch CVs were ≤10% and ≤13%, respectively. The CSF-NFM concentration in HS was significantly higher (p<0.0001) than in IS and controls. Serum NFM concentration ranged from 0.26 to 8.57 ng/mL in healthy individuals (median=2.29), from 0.97 to 42.4 ng/mL in HS (median=10.8) and from 3.48 to 45.4 ng/mL in TBI (median=14.7). Finally, 44% of patients with mTBI had increased NFM concentration, with significantly higher levels (p=0.01) in patients with polytrauma.

To our knowledge this is the first study describing increased NFM levels in CSF and serum from patients with brain damage.
La Zone: In/habitation in the Itinerant City
Authors: Patchett Emma
Published: February 2015

Acknowledging that urban spaces are an amalgamation of multiple normative orders, the city will be explored as a site of encounter through a spatio-legal reading of the biography of Django (Dregni 2004) about life in La Zone, a conflux of shanty towns on the ramparts of Paris. Drawing on interlegality and a Foucauldian reading of space, chaotic refractions of counter-hegemonic practices are evoked through a close reading of Django’s experiences in this peripheral ‘no-man’s land’. Such spaces demand an alternative reading whereby, rather than emphasising exclusion, they can be seen to actually infiltrate the protected city and define its ongoing lawscape.
Generalized conjugate graph
Authors: Erfanian Ahmad , Mansoori Farzaneh , Tolue Behnaz
Published: February 2015

Let G be a finite group. In this paper we introduce the generalized conjugate graph Γ(G,n)

c
which is a graph whose vertices are all the non-central subsets of G with n elements and two distinct vertices X and Y joined by an edge if X = Yg
for some g ∈ G. General properties of the graph such as the number of edges, clique, chromatic, dominating, independence numbers, automorphism and energy of the graph are discussed. We also present a condition under which two generalized conjugate graphs are isomorphic. Moreover, the generalized conjugate graph is a key to define the probability that two subsets of the group G with the same cardinality are conjugate. We obtain some upper and lower bounds for this probability.
When core competence is not enough: functional interplay of the DEAD-box helicase core with ancillary domains and auxiliary factors in RNA binding and unwinding
Authors: Rudolph Markus G. , Klostermeier Dagmar
Published: February 2015

DEAD-box helicases catalyze RNA duplex unwinding in an ATP-dependent reaction. Members of the DEAD-box helicase family consist of a common helicase core formed by two RecA-like domains. According to the current mechanistic model for DEAD-box mediated RNA unwinding, binding of RNA and ATP triggers a conformational change of the helicase core, and leads to formation of a compact, closed state. In the closed conformation, the two parts of the active site for ATP hydrolysis and of the RNA binding site, residing on the two RecA domains, become aligned. Closing of the helicase core is coupled to a deformation of the RNA backbone and destabilization of the RNA duplex, allowing for dissociation of one of the strands. The second strand remains bound to the helicase core until ATP hydrolysis and product release lead to re-opening of the core. The concomitant disruption of the RNA binding site causes dissociation of the second strand. The activity of the helicase core can be modulated by interaction partners, and by flanking N- and C-terminal domains. A number of C-terminal flanking regions have been implicated in RNA binding: RNA recognition motifs (RRM) typically mediate sequence-specific RNA binding, whereas positively charged, unstructured regions provide binding sites for structured RNA, without sequence-specificity. Interaction partners modulate RNA binding to the core, or bind to RNA regions emanating from the core. The functional interplay of the helicase core and ancillary domains or interaction partners in RNA binding and unwinding is not entirely understood. This review summarizes our current knowledge on RNA binding to the DEAD-box helicase core and the roles of ancillary domains and interaction partners in RNA binding and unwinding by DEAD-box proteins.
Surrogate Endpoint Evaluation: Principal Stratification Criteria and the Prentice Definition
Authors: Gilbert Peter B. , Gabriel Erin E. , Huang Ying , Chan Ivan S.F.
Published: February 2015

A common problem of interest within a randomized clinical trial is the evaluation of an inexpensive response endpoint as a valid surrogate endpoint for a clinical endpoint, where a chief purpose of a valid surrogate is to provide a way to make correct inferences on clinical treatment effects in future studies without needing to collect the clinical endpoint data. Within the principal stratification framework for addressing this problem based on data from a single randomized clinical efficacy trial, a variety of definitions and criteria for a good surrogate endpoint have been proposed, all based on or closely related to the “principal effects” or “causal effect predictiveness (CEP)” surface. We discuss CEP-based criteria for a useful surrogate endpoint, including (1) the meaning and relative importance of proposed criteria including average causal necessity (ACN), average causal sufficiency (ACS), and large clinical effect modification; (2) the relationship between these criteria and the Prentice definition of a valid surrogate endpoint; and (3) the relationship between these criteria and the consistency criterion (i.e. assurance against the “surrogate paradox”). This includes the result that ACN plus a strong version of ACS generally do not imply the Prentice definition nor the consistency criterion, but they do have these implications in special cases. Moreover, the converse does not hold except in a special case with a binary candidate surrogate. The results highlight that assumptions about the treatment effect on the clinical endpoint before the candidate surrogate is measured are influential for the ability to draw conclusions about the Prentice definition or consistency. In addition, we emphasize that in some scenarios that occur commonly in practice, the principal strata subpopulations for inference are identifiable from the observable data, in which cases the principal stratification framework has relatively high utility for the purpose of effect modification analysis and is closely connected to the treatment marker selection problem. The results are illustrated with application to a vaccine efficacy trial, where ACN and ACS for an antibody marker are found to be consistent with the data and hence support the Prentice definition and consistency.
Stochastic simulation of fluctuation-induced reaction-diffusion kinetics governed by Smoluchowski equations
Authors: Sabelfeld Karl K. , Levykin Alexander I. , Kireeva Anastasiya E.
Published: February 2015

A stochastic algorithm for simulation of fluctuation-induced reaction-diffusion kinetics
is presented and further developed following our previous study [J. Math. Chem. (2015), DOI 10.1007/s10910-014-0446-6] where this method was used
to describe the annihilation of spatially separate electrons and holes in a disordered semiconductor.
This model is based on the spatially inhomogeneous, nonlinear Smoluchowski equations with random initial distribution density.
Here we focus on the spatial distribution of the reactants, and study the segregation effect which we
have found under certain reaction conditions. In addition, to extend simulations on large
samples we implemented the method in the cellular-automata framework
interpreted as a stochastic interacting particles system in discrete
but randomly progressed time instances. We have suggested a first passage time technique to characterize the clustering of electrons and holes,
which seems to be quite convenient and informative instrument also in more general processes when there is a need to analyze
the segregation phenomena.
Reference correlations for the viscosity and thermal conductivity of fluids over an extended range of conditions: hexane in the vapor, liquid, and supercritical regions (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Perkins Richard A. , Huber Marcia L. , Assael Marc J. , Mihailidou Efthimia K. , Mylona Sofia K. , Sykioti Evita A.
Published: February 2015

This article summarizes the correlation procedures developed for IUPAC Project 2012-040-1-100 [Reference correlations for the thermal conductivity and viscosity of fluids over extended range of conditions (vapor, liquid and supercritical regions)]. This project is focused on the development of wide-range reference correlations for the thermal conductivity and viscosity of fluids that incorporate as much theoretical knowledge of these properties as possible. The thermal conductivity and viscosity correlations developed here for pure fluids are functions of temperature and density. The best available equations of state for a given fluid are used to calculate the thermodynamic properties required for these correlations, often from measured temperatures and pressures. The correlation methodology developed during this project has been applied to hexane in this report but can be applied to any pure fluid with a reliable equation of state and reliable data for the thermal conductivity and viscosity over a significant range of temperatures and densities.
The Relevance of Maintenance and Monitoring in Architectural Conservation
Authors: Elena Charola A. , Henriques Fernando M. A. , Magadán Marcelo L.
Published: February 2015

The Italian standards, formerly NORMAL, define Extraordinary Maintenance as those where a major intervention on the building is carried out, usually referred to as a conservation intervention. These receive much attention from the media thus prompting the interest of NGO and for non-profit organizations which take an interest in funding such projects. Conservation interventions are critical for the preservation of our architectural heritage;however, the trigger for their undertaking, as well as their timing, is mainly determined by political interests. Because of the lack of ordinary maintenance, conservation interventions have to address heightened material deterioration problems thus increasing the complexity and invasiveness of the required operations, as well as an overall higher cost. The most worrisome issue is that once the intervention is completed, the building or monument is considered as being in a stable condition and not requiring any further action. Only in few cases is the most ordinary maintenance regularly carried out but what is neglected is the monitoring, the early identification of those “symptoms” revealing that a problem is present and should be addressed before more damage occurs. The paper uses various examples to illustrate the above points.
Subjective Sensation of Color Differences – Determination of Thresholds Depending on Color Tones and Resolution
Authors: Brischke Christian , Borcharding Tanja , Mengel Uta
Published: February 2015

Colors are frequently defined by three points on the L*a*b* coordinates of the CIELAB color space, and the distance between two colors can be expressed as the total color difference ΔE. In particular with respect to reproducibility of print media color differences are an important parameter, as well as for car finishes and textile dyes. Color changes are also the result of ageing and weathering which is an issue for art objects and in the building and restoration sector. However, the subjective perceptibility of color differences depends on numerous factors and general thresholds are difficult to define. This study aimed therefore on defining tolerance levels for color changes in dependence of color tones and color tone combinations as well as their resolution. In total 30 test persons evaluated samples, which had been painted with acrylic artist colors with defined color differences (ΔE = 0–7). The test subjects realized color differences already at ΔE = 1–4 for the highest resolution. Threshold values have been identified for different tones as well as the effect of interdependencies between tones and the level of color heterogeneity between adjacent areas.
Productivity and unemployment: a scale-by-scale panel data analysis for the G7 countries
Authors: Gallegati Marco , Gallegati Mauro , Ramsey James B. , Semmler Willi
Published: February 2015

Does productivity growth increase or reduce unemployment? Theoretical and empirical analyses have generally provided mixed results. In this paper we analyze the empirical relationship between productivity and unemployment over different time frames using wavelet analysis. The scale-by-scale results from panel data and nonparametric regressions methods indicate that productivity-unemployment relationship is scale-dependent, that is changes over different time horizons. Specifically, productivity growth creates unemployment in the short and medium terms, but employment in the long run.
Electrical Conductivity of Molten ZnCl2 at Temperature as High as 1421 K
Authors: Salyulev Alexander B. , Potapov Alexei M.
Published: February 2015

The electrical conductivity of molten ZnCl2 was measured in a wide temperature range (ΔT=863 K) to a temperature as high as 1421 K that is 417 degrees above the boiling point of the salt. At the temperature maximum of the own vapor pressure of the salt reached several megapascals.
Classification of Parameters Affecting Impact Resistance of Natural Stones
Authors: Sarıışık G. , Özkan E. , Kundak E. , Akdaş H.
Published: February 2015

This study used various test methods to analyze the impact resistance of marble, limestone, and travertine to determine their breaking potential when they are used for interior and exterior floor covering. A total of 17 kinds of natural rocks (7 marbles, 5 travertines, and 5 limestones) were categorized according to their commonly used geological formations and were subjected to various characterization tests (mineralogical and petrographic characteristics, chemical properties, as well as physical and mechanical properties). The rupture energy caused by an impact on natural rocks was determined according to the BS EN 14158 standard, whereas restitution coefficients were determined according to the BS EN ISO 10545-5 standard. The impact resistance, rupture energy, and restitution coefficient of polished natural stone plates that were used in the tests were statistically analyzed. The parameters that affected these variables of natural rocks were plate thickness, mineralogical and petrographic characteristics, and physical and mechanical properties. Finally, the potential fractures of the specimens were classified based on impact resistance, rupture energy, and restitution coefficient.
Impacts of a Multi-University REU Program
Authors: Barry Carol , Isaacs Jacqueline , Miller Glen , Alpert Carol Lynn
Published: February 2015

For nine years, an REU program placed over 200 undergraduate researchers at Northeastern University, the University of Massachusetts Lowell, and the University of New Hampshire through the NSF-funded Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-rate Nanomanufacturing. The cross-university professional development program included university-based research skills, communication skills with the Boston Museum of Science, and a unique method for researcher evaluation of the societal impact of their decisions. This work presents the impacts of this research program as measured at program end, along with the career progress of the REU participants, recent interviews with REU participants, and reflections by REU program leaders.