bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical Thinking Profile of Junior High School Class VIII Students in Solving the Pythagoras Theorem Problem in Review of Spatial Ability
Authors: Nurfadila Nurfadila , Rochaminah Sutji , Nurhayadi Nurhayadi
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this research is to obtain a description of the critical thinking profile of Junior High School Class VIII students in solving the Pythagoras theorem problem in review of spatial ability. This research uses qualitative methods based on the category of critical thinking according to Jacob and Sam. The results of research showed a critical thinking profile of high spatial ability subject (MC) on the categories: (1) Clarification, namely formulating problems and information accurately and clearly, as well as describing rectangles, (2) Assessment, namely choosing and using the formula of another subject, one right triangle to facilitate problem solving, (3) Inference, which is making precise and clear conclusions based on the information obtained, (4) Strategies, namely predicting answers using triple Pythagoras and proposing other alternatives by choosing other right triangle images and making another formula. The critical thinking profile of moderate spatial ability subject (BT) on the categories: (1) Clarification, namely formulating problems and information precisely and clearly, and describing the square, (2) Assessment, which is choosing a physical triangle elbows to facilitate problem solving, using other lesson formulas, but the formula used is not correct, (3) Inference, which is making inaccurate conclusions because it is not accurate, (4) strategies, namely evaluating solutions that are lacking right and have no other way of solving problems. The critical thinking profile of low spatial ability subject (AR) on the categories: (1) clarification, which is to formulate problems and information clearly but less precisely by writing and reciting the answer and no rectangular images known,(2) Assessment, which is choosing and using an inappropriate formula with inappropriate reasons, (3) Inference (inference), which is making inaccurate conclusions, (4) Strategies, namely unable to propose or predict or evaluate the answer and also have no other way of solving problems.
Profile of Problem Solving Systems in Linear Equations of Three Variabels of Class X Students in Terms of Mathematical and Gender Anxiety Based in MAN 2 Palu
Authors: Rina Rina , Bennu Sudarman , Sukayasa Sukayasa
Published: July 2023

This research is a qualitative study which aims to obtain a description of the profile of problem solving systems in linear equations of three variables of the Islamic student madrasah in terms of mathematical and gender anxiety based on Polya's steps. The subjects of this study were male and female students of class X who had severe and mild math anxiety. The results of this study are (1) When understanding mathematical problems, the LB subject reads the voice slowly but can still be heard, the whole slowly, many times and often asks, PB subjects read in a rather loud voice, all slowly, many times -times and often asking questions, the subject of LR reads in a low voice, slowly, word for word, the subject of PR does a sound reading rather loudly, slowly, and repeatedly; (2) When compiling a problem-solving plan, LB and PB subjects plan to use a combined method, look nervous, impatient, and ask many questions, LR subjects using substitution methods are relatively more patient and calm in finding solutions, PR subjects plan to use a combined method , relatively more patient and calm in finding solutions; (3) when carrying out the problem solving plan, LB and PB subjects tend to be restless, in a hurry and need a relatively long time and do not write the completion steps completely, the subject of LR and PR tends to be quiet, silent, not saying much words and requires a relatively short time and write down the completion steps completely; (4) when re-examining the results of work, the subject of LB and PB checks the results of the answers obtained by verification only once and often asks, the subject of LR and homework re-check the results of answers obtained through repeated verification three times to feel confident with the answer.
Development of Invertebrate Zoological Learning Videos for Students Based Ecological Aspects of Macrozoobentos in the Toaya River Waters
Authors: Ansyari Rahmat , Ramadhan Achmad , Kundera I Nengah
Published: July 2023

Macrozoobenthos as basic organisms in relatively sedentary habitats. This study aims to describe the development of invertebrate zoological learning videos based on aspects of macrozoobenthic ecology in Toaya river waters and the results of the research can be made into videos about the types of Macrozoobenthos as a media for learning biology. The method used is descriptive method with purposive sampling technique. The results of the research have been developed as learning media in the form of videos with a percentage value of 78% for content experts, 80% for design experts, and 77% for media experts. Meanwhile, there were 20 student trials, the percentage reached 87%. This shows that the video made is suitable for use as a learning medium. The number of Macrozoobenthos found were 4 Macramia magnifica, Bellamya javanica, Faunus ater, and Ocypoda stimpsoni. The diversity of macrozoobenthos in the waters of the Toaya river, Sindue District, Donggala Regency is low, for very abundant abundance, high density and low frequency, very high dominance, and low diversity. The most distribution patterns are at stations IV and III which are inhabited by Ocypoda stimpsoni species.
Analysis of Ability to Understand the Concept of Space Building Volume in Elementary School Students in South Palu District
Authors: Hisyam Muhammad , Ramadhan Achmad , Budiarsa I Made
Published: July 2023

This study aims to describe the types of amphibians in Wera Nature Park, to develop and produce a research-based booklet on amphibian species in Wera Nature Park which is suitable for use as a medium for studying animal taxonomy. Research consists of 2 types of research; purposive sampling technique and visual encounter survey (VES), ADDIE Development. The results of the descriptive research in WNTP obtained 10 species of Amphibians of the Anura order from 5 families, development received a standard booklet containing scientific names, pictures, media validation of 80.00% meaning that the good category was "Eligible". Material expert validation with a final score of 91.66% in the "Very Good" category. So that the product developed is feasible to be tested. The percentage of small group trials was 84.55% in the "very good" category. The percentage of the results of the large group trial was 90.08% in the "very good" category. Based on media expert validation, material and small and large group test results, it can be concluded that amphibian species booklets in WNTP are suitable for use as animal taxonomy enrichment material in the Biology Education Study Program FKIP Tadulako University.
Implementation of Reciprocal Teaching Learning Strategies in Improving Students'Questioning and Cognitive Ability on The Concept of Human Digestive System in junior high schools
Authors: Yulianti Yulianti , Tellu Andi Tanra , Kasim Amiruddin
Published: July 2023

This study aims to apply reciprocal learning strategies to improve students' questioning and cognitive abilities on the concept of the human digestive system. Classroom action research. The subjects of this study were 25 students. The research instruments consisted of tests, teacher observation sheets, student observation sheets and assessment sheets for questioning abilities and cognitive abilities. The results of the data analysis showed that there was an increase in the ability to ask questions and students' cognitive abilities from cycle I to cycle II which affected the increase in achievement indicators of learning outcomes. Cognitive abilities of class VIIIB students. From an average of 66 in the first cycle, it increased to an average of 88 in the second cycle and reached a minimum KKM of 70. The activities of teachers and students increased from cycle I to cycle II. It can be concluded that the application of the reciprocal teaching learning strategy can improve the ability to ask questions and the cognitive abilities of Class VIIIB students of SMP Negeri 7 Palu.
Correlation Between Motivation and Learning Style with Elementary School Students Learning Outcomes on Science Subjects in Palu
Authors: Meisahro Saripah , Kasim Amiruddin , Mustapa Kasmudin
Published: July 2023

This research was conducted to determine the relationship between motivation and learning style with learning outcomes of elementary school students. The results of calculating the frequency of learning motivation were 19.85% who scored 81-127 in the medium category and 80.15% in the high category who scored 128 -175, while the low criterion is 0%. The results of the descriptive analysis of student learning styles revealed that 127 or 47.6% of students had an auditory learning style, 61 or 22.8% of students had a visual learning style and 79 or 29.6% of students had a kinesthetic learning style. Based on the results of learning science in terms of frequency, 16 people (5.99%) scored 55-59 had low criteria, and those who got 60-69 scored 56 people (20.97%) had moderate criteria. criteria, and students who scored 70 -100 as many as 195 people (73.03%) had high criteria. The statistical test results showed that there was a moderate or quite strong relationship between learning motivation and learning outcomes, there was a weak relationship between learning styles and learning outcomes, there was a very weak relationship between learning motivation and learning styles and science learning outcomes for elementary school students in Palu.
Application of Problem Based Learning Models Assisted by Instructional Videos to Improve Student Science Learning Outcomes for Elementary School
Authors: Noviana Deli , Tellu Andi Tanra , Rede Amran
Published: July 2023

This study aims to describe the application of a problem-based learning model assisted by learning videos to improve science learning outcomes for fourth grade students at SDN 12 Palu. The method used is classroom action research which consists of 4 stages; planning, implementation, observation and reflection, with data collection techniques using evaluation tests and observation sheets. The research subjects totaled 24 students. The results showed an increase in the activity of students and teachers. Student activity shows the percentage score obtained in the first cycle of 67.5% in the sufficient category, in the second cycle shows a score percentage of 85% in the very good category. Teacher observation activities in cycle I showed a percentage score of 70% in the good category, in cycle II the percentage score was 90% in the very good category. In the results of the analysis of student evaluation tests in cycle I, the percentage of classical learning completeness was 58%, while in cycle II, the percentage of classical learning completeness was 83%. Based on these results it can be concluded that the application of problem-based learning models assisted by learning videos can improve science learning outcomes for fourth grade students at SDN 12 Palu.
Influence of Teacher's Pedagogic Competence and Professional Competence on Mathematics Learning Outcomes of High School Students in Sigi Regency
Authors: Matoneng Rosdiana , Djaeng Maxinus , Pathuddin Pathuddin
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to obtain information that teacher pedagogical competence factors and teacher professional competence factors play an important role in the mathematics learning outcomes of high school students in Sigi Regency, either partially or simultaneously. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis through data obtained from the results of the pedagogical and professional competency tests of mathematics teachers and the average scores of high school students' national mathematics exams obtained at the LPMP office. The sample in this study amounted to 21 mathematics teachers from 10 public and private high schools in Sigi Regency. The results obtained show that simultaneously, the significance value (sig.) = 0.444 and the significance of the multiple regression coefficient F is 0.912 and partially for the effect of teacher pedagogic competence the significance value (sig.) = 0.929 and the F value of 0.008, while for the effect of professional competence the teacher's significance value (sig.) = 0.255 and the F value of 1.505. Taken together, teacher pedagogical competence and teacher professional competence do not affect the mathematics learning outcomes of high school students in Sigi Regency.
Application of the Jigsaw Type Cooperative Learning Model to Improve Student Learning Outcomes in the Material of Addition Fraction in Elementary School
Authors: Kusumaningrum Lily Yunita , Ismaimuza Dasa , Nurhayadi Nurhayadi
Published: July 2023

This research is a classroom action research which consists of several aspects of action and the main observation is increasing student learning outcomes by using the discussion method. The research was conducted at SDN Duyu involving 19 students enrolled in the 2020/2021 school year. Using the Kemmis and Mc research design. Taggart, which consists of two cycles. Where in each cycle two class meetings are held and each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The results showed that in the first cycle of classical completeness measures 51.58% was obtained and the classical absorption was 52.63%. In the action cycle II obtained 77.89% classical completeness and 89.47% classical absorption. This means that learning in cycle II has met the indicators of success with a minimum classical completeness value of 75% and a minimum classical absorption of 60%. Based on the average value of classical absorption and classical learning mastery in cycle II learning activities, it can be concluded that increasing learning with the Jigsaw cooperative learning model can improve fifth grade student learning outcomes in the addition of fractions at SDN Duyu.
Effect of Problem Based Learning Models on Student Critical Thinking Ability and Problem Solving of Science Concept
Authors: Irnaningsih Irnaningsih , Jamhari Mohammad , Bialangi Mursito
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of problem-based learning models on students' critical thinking skills and problem solving in science concepts at SMP Negeri 7 Palu. The research design was a nonequivalent control group design. Quasi-experimental research method. The population is class VII students. The selected class was Class VII A (n=32) as the experimental class and Class VII B (n=27) as the control class. Data collection used essay test instruments and problem solving essay test questions. Qualitative data, the average teacher observation result is 95.71 with a very active category and the average student observation result is 93.45 with an active category. Quantitative data obtained from the results of data analysis with the t test. The results of the t-test for critical thinking skills are the same as. Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) 0.000 < 0.005) then H1 is accepted. The results of the t test of Asymp.Sig problem solving ability (2-tailed) 0.000 <0.05 H1 are accepted. The results showed that there was a significant effect of the problem-based learning model on students' critical thinking skills and problem solving. concept of science at SMP Negeri 7 Palu.
rTMS REDUCES DELTA AND INCREASES THETA OSCILLATIONS IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: A VISUAL-EVOKED AND EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS STUDY
Authors: Velioglu Halil Aziz , Dudukcu Esra Zeynep , Hanoğlu Lütfü , Guntekin Bahar , Aktürk Tuba , Yulug Burak
Published: July 2023

Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has
emerged as a promising alternative therapy for Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
due to its ability to modulate neural networks and enhance cognitive
function. This treatment offers the unique advantage of enabling
real-time monitoring of immediate cognitive effects and dynamic brain
changes through electroencephalography (EEG). Objective: This study
focused on exploring the effects of left parietal rTMS stimulation on
visual evoked potentials (VEP) and visual event-related potentials
(VERP) in AD patients. Methods: Sixteen AD patients were recruited for
this longitudinal study. EEG data were collected within a Faraday cage
both pre and post-rTMS to evaluate its impact on potentials. Results:
Significant alterations were found in both VEP and VERP oscillations.
Specifically, delta power in VEP decreased while theta power in VERP
increased post-rTMS, indicating a modulation of brain activities.
Discussion: These findings confirm the positive modulatory impact of
rTMS on brain activities in AD, evidenced by improved cognitive scores.
They align with previous studies highlighting the potential of rTMS in
managing hyperexcitability and oscillatory disturbances in the AD
cortex. Conclusion: Cognitive improvements post-rTMS endorse its
potential as a promising neuromodulatory treatment for cognitive
enhancement in AD, thereby providing critical insights into the
neurophysiological anomalies in AD and possible therapeutic avenues.
Development and validation of a predictive model for early diagnosis of neonatal Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome based on the Montreux definition
Authors: Shen Lei , Cai Na , Wan Shaoyou , Chen Sheng
Published: July 2023

Objective: Based on the Montreux definition, we aim to develop
and validate a predictive model for the early diagnosis of neonatal
acute respiratory distress syndrome. Methods: A retrospective
analysis of clinical data on 198 neonates with respiratory distress from
January 2018 to January 2022 was conducted. Neonates meeting Montreux
definition were classified as ARDS group (n=79), while the rest were
controls (n=119). Univariate analysis identified indicators for neonatal
ARDS, followed by logistic regression to construct a predictive model
for early diagnosis. The ability of predictors and models to predict
neonatal ARDS was evaluated using AUC, and model performance was
estimated through bootstrap resampling. Results: Maternal
prenatal fever, abnormal fetal heart beat, meconium-stained amniotic
fluid (MSAF), white blood cell (WBC)，absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ,
neutrophil percentage (NE%), platelet count (PLT), C-reactive protein
(CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), creatine kinase (CK), activated partial
thromboplastin time (APTT), serum calcium (S-Ca) and
sodium（S-Na）exhibited significant differences between the ARDS group
and the control group ( P<0.05). MSAF (OR=5.037;
95%CI: 1.523~16.657; P<0.05), ANC
(OR=1.324; 95%CI: 1.172~1.495;
P<0.05), PLT (OR=0.979; 95%CI:
0.971~0.986; P<0.05), S-Ca (OR=0.020;
95%CI: 0.004~0.088; P<0.05) emerged as
independent risk factors for the development of ARDS. The respective
area under the curve (AUC) values for MSAF, ANC, PLT, S-Ca, and the
combined prediction models were 0.606, 0.691, 0.808, 0.761 and 0.931.
Internal validation showed that the C-index for the model was 0.931.
Conclusions: The predictive model that incorporates MSAF, ANC,
PLT, and S-Ca demonstrates significant efficacy in predicting the early
diagnosis of neonatal ARDS.
Toward a Common Set of Functional Traits for Soil Protists
Authors: Giachello Simone , Cantera Isabel , Carteron Alexis , Marta Silvio , Cipriano Cristina , Guerrieri Alessia , Bonin Aurelie , Thuiller Wilfried , Ficetola Gentile Francesco
Published: July 2023

Protists are major actors of soil communities and play key roles in
shaping food webs, community assembly, and ecosystem processes, yet
their functional diversity is understudied. High-throughput sequencing
data have revealed their ubiquity and diversity, but lack of
standardized traits has hampered the integration of functional
information, limiting our understanding of soil ecosystems. Here we
propose a framework for soil protists, identify a set of common traits
to characterize their functional diversity, and apply the framework on a
broad-scale, real-world dataset. We reviewed studies on soil protists to
identify the traits used in the literature, and define a framework based
on 10 key traits that satisfy two criteria: availability of information,
and applicability to most taxa. The framework was tested on a dataset of
environmental DNA metabarcoding data from 1123 soil samples collected in
48 glacier forelands worldwide. Traits were assigned to all the 570
Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) detected in our dataset,
leading to the production of a global trait-based dataset from glacier
forelands. We estimated the functional space of protist communities and
evaluated if the selected traits were effective in describing protist
diversity. The functional space of protist communities showed that the
MOTUs are clustered in three regions, mainly reflecting different
nutritional and habitat preferences. The proposed framework is
appropriate for multiple applications, including estimation of
functional diversity and food web analyses, and provides a basis for
ecological studies on soil protists, enabling the functional
characterization of this essential but often neglected component of soil
biodiversity.
The knob proteins of human adenovirus in species F elicit cross-neutralizing antibody responses
Authors: Tang Guolu , Liu Zhenwei , Peng Yinghui , Lan Jixian , Xian Yuting , Tian Xingui , Chen Dehui
Published: July 2023

Human adenovirus (HAdV) type 40 in species F (HAdV-F40) and HAdV-F41
represent the third most prevalent causative agents of non-bacterial
acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children, following norovirus
and rotavirus. Despite their significant contribution to global child
morbidity, vaccines to preemptively combat these viruses remain elusive.
In this study, we scrutinize the potential for cross-neutralization
between HAdV-F40 and HAdV-F41 using the knob protein of the fiber-2
protein immunized sera. To this end, we immunized female BALB/c mice
with synthetically produced knob proteins of the fiber-2 protein from
HAdV-F40 and HAdV-F41. Subsequently, we implemented a series of assays
to evaluate the results, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent,
micro-neutralization, immunofluorescence, and quantitative polymerase
chain reaction. We found that HAdV-F40-knob and HAdV-F41-knob immunized
sera could effectively neutralize HAdV-F40 and HAdV-F41, indicating a
mutual cross-neutralizing effect. Notably, the serum immunized with
HAdV-F40-knob demonstrated a stronger neutralization effect, suggesting
the potential to develop a subunit vaccine that can simultaneously
counteract both viruses. Our findings underscore the potential of knob
protein immunization in evoking a cross-neutralizing antibody response
between HAdV-F40 and HAdV-F41. This suggests a promising avenue for
developing subunit vaccines against HAdV-F40 and HAdV-F41 and provides a
novel perspective on the potential of neutralizing antibodies to protect
against these two types of HAdV.
Association of Sexual Behavior with HBV Infection Among Adults: Results from the NHANES study
Authors: Zhao Wei , Xie Zhi-Qin , Gao Hong , Wu Lin , Zhao Liang , Feng Bin , Zhou Yu-Qing
Published: July 2023

Background and Aims: Although it is known that hepatitis B
virus (HBV) can be transmitted through sexual behavior, limited research
has been conducted on the specific types of sexual behavior that
facilitate transmission. The purpose of the research was to analyze the
association of sexual behavior with HBV infection in US adults.
Method: Four cycles (2009-2016) of National Health and
Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) were collected, and 16569
participants were finally included. HBV infection was determined by a
positive HBV core antibody and participants were categorized into two
groups: “yes” and “no” group. Data pertaining to sexual behaviors
were gathered. The sexual identity group comprised individuals with no
sex, heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, or unclear. The sexual type
group consisted of individuals with no sex, heterosexual vaginal sex,
heterosexual oral sex, heterosexual anal sex, heterosexual multiple
types, bisexual sex, male homosexual sex, female homosexual sex, or
unclear. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the
association of sexual identity/type with HBV infection by adjusting
different covariates. Results: The present study comprised a
sample of 16,569 individuals between the ages of 18 and 69. Participants
with HBV infection were more likely to be 40-69 years predominant, men,
non-Hispanic Black. Additionally, these individuals were more likely to
have co-infections with HIV or HCV, engage in drug use or current
smoking, identify as homosexual or bisexual. After full adjustment, it
was found that homosexual men were associated with a higher risk of HBV
infection (odds ratio [OR]: 4.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]:
2.09-7.64) compared to men without sexual behavior. Bisexual men (OR:
5.65, 95% CI: 2.13-15) and men with heterosexual anal sex (OR: 4.52,
95% CI: 1.12-18.2) were associated with a higher risk of HBV infection.
Notably, women engaging in any type of sexual behavior with men or women
did not have a significantly higher risk of HBV infection compared to
women without sexual behavior. Conclusion: The study showed
that homosexual men, bisexual men, and men with heterosexual anal sex
were found to be correlated with a higher risk of HBV infection. These
results may offer valuable insights for the pursuit of HBV elimination.
Building coercive Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals based on Razumikhin and Halanay approaches
Authors: Chaillet Antoine , Loko Epiphane , Karafyllis Iasson
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we provide a systematic and constructive way to build a
Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional for time-delay systems whose stability
can be established through the Razumikhin or the Halanay approaches. The
constructed Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional turns out to be coercive,
meaning sandwiched between functions of the state history norm, and to
dissipate in terms of the whole history norm. We present these results
in the framework of input-to-state stability (ISS) in order to further
account for the influence of input disturbances. A special emphasis is
also given on exponential stability and exponential ISS. We illustrate
our findings though the study of a coupled ODE-PDE model of a chemical
reactor, and show that, unlike most results in that area, our approach
happens to ensure ISS in terms of the supremum norm of the state.
Toward a central origin of nociceptive hypersensitivity in adult rats after a neonatal maternal separation
Authors: Gieré Clémence , Menger Yannick , Illouz Hannah , Lelièvre Vincent , Melchior Meggane , Poisbeau Pierrick
Published: July 2023

Early life adversities alter the development of a still maturing nervous
system and can have long-term consequences on its function at adult age.
This include nociceptive circuits that are critical to shape an adaptive
pain response to protect our organism from potentially damaging insults.
As such, adult rats with a history of neonatal maternal separation (NMS)
display a visceral and somatic nociceptive hypersensitivity and
inefficient analgesic responses to stress. In this study, we have
characterized the consequences of NMS on wide dynamic range neurons
(WDR) in the spinal cord of anesthetized adult rat during the
nociceptive processing of hot and cold noxious information. We found
that WDR neurons of NMS rats display an excessive coding of mechanical
and thermal information applied at the rat hindpaws. This nicely
explains the hypernociceptive behaviors seen after noxious mechanical,
cold and hot peripheral stimulation. A peripheral change in the
expression of molecular transducers for these stimuli (i.e. TRPV1,
TRPM8, TRPA1) does not seem to account for this general
hyperexcitability. Instead, a decreased chloride-mediated inhibitory
tone on WDR neurons may play a role as indicated by the abnormal
elevated of the type 1 Na-K-Cl cotransporter transcripts. Altogether, we
propose that long-term consequences of NMS is associated with a reduced
spinal cord inhibition favoring the expression of pain hypersensitivity.
We cannot exclude that this phenomenon is also present at supraspinal
sites as other NMS-associated symptoms include also excessive anxiety
and impaired sociability.
Beyond Aesthetics: Expanding Applications of Botulinum Neurotoxins in Chronic Migraine Medicine
Authors: Zhantleuova Aisha , Karimova Altynay , Davletov Bazbek
Published: July 2023

This article discusses the expanding application of botulinum neurotoxin
in treating chronic migraines beyond aesthetic purposes. Special
attention is given to the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic action
of this treatment, namely, the blockade of neurotransmitter releases
responsible for pain signal transmission, modulation of nociceptors, and
its effects on the central nervous system. The article provides an
analysis of existing literature, including preclinical and clinical
data, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using botulinum neurotoxin
for the prevention and treatment of chronic migraine attacks.
Additionally, the article explores novel approaches to using
non-paralyzing botulinum molecules in the context of chronic migraines.
These new molecules, such as Bitox or el-iBoNT, offer an alternative for
patients who face limitations in using paralyzing forms of botulinum
neurotoxin due to concerns about muscle function loss. The authors
highlight research findings that confirm not only the effectiveness of
these molecules in controlling chronic pain but also a reduced paralytic
effect. The authors also discuss a potential cause for the diminished
paralytic action of these molecules, specifically changes in the
stereoisomeric parameters of the treatment. In summary, this article
reviews current research that enhances our understanding of the
application of botulinum neurotoxin in the context of chronic migraines
and opens avenues for developing new, more efficient molecules for
treating this condition.
Realization of combinational logic circuit based on three terminal memristor
Authors: Kuang Xianyan , huan xianglan , Xiao Hongbiao
Published: July 2023

A three-terminal memristor model is developed in order to improve the
anti-interference performance of the memristor and address the issue
that the resistance value of the conventional two-terminal memristor is
readily impacted by voltage. In order to simulate and validate the
function of the three-terminal memristor, the logic circuit and
multiplication circuit are developed using this model in this work using
the cadence ic617 program. According to the findings, the three-terminal
memristor multiplication circuit uses less energy than the typical
conventional multiplier circuit, consuming only 0.335 uW. The memristor
offers the benefits of low power consumption, compact size, and great
integratability as a nanoscale device.
Detecting auditory temporal regularities: electrophysiological index of tracking and identification of disambiguating information
Authors: Simal Amour , Zatorre Robert , Jolicoeur Pierre
Published: July 2023

Learning, and detection of regularities allows us to make predictions
about our environment and process stimuli more efficiently. Using EEG,
we found an electrophysiological signature linked to how the brain uses
and interprets auditory information in the time domain. We used
sequences of five tones with different pitches, with one of three
distinct temporal regularities, using a short-long-short-long,
long-short-long-short, or isochronous ISI pattern. They were designed so
the second tone carried temporal-sequence information, by being
presented after a short, medium, or long ISI, allowing recognition of
the pattern. Participants heard two tone sequences with the same
temporal regularity and had to indicate if the tone pitches were
identical. In one experiment, the three types of regularities were
randomly intermixed, whereas they were blocked in a control experiment.
A frontal and frontocentral positivity increased for the first set of
the first experiment (when temporal pattern was not previously known),
compared to that same set in the control experiment (pattern known),
starting around the earliest time the second tone could be presented,
and peaking shortly after actual tone onset. Although these temporal
patterns were task irrelevant, and most participants were unaware of
them when asked, our results suggest the brain disambiguates its
variable environment based on the earliest available information, and
that it does so rapidly, pre-attentively, and automatically.
Negative bias for sad imagery in depression: An ERP study
Authors: Wu Biyun , Xiong Genling , Zhou Li , Liu Mingfan
Published: July 2023

Individuals with depression experience more negative imagery and less
vivid positive imagery, and the late positive potential (LPP) is
considered as a viable biomarker for negative attentional and memory
biases in depression; however, the LPP response to emotional imagery in
depressed individuals remains unclear. This study aims to investigate
neural response to emotional imagery in depressed individuals. ERPs were
recorded from 40 depressed participants and 44 healthy controls during
the encoding-imagery task. Depressed participants scored significantly
lower in the valence rating of sad and neutral imagery compared to
healthy participants. Importantly, the LPP amplitudes to sad imagery in
depressed participants were significantly larger than healthy controls,
particularly in the middle (800-1,400 ms) and late time
windows(1,400-2,000 ms). Furthermore, depressed individuals exhibited
significantly higher LPP amplitudes for sad imagery compared to happy
imagery, whereas healthy participants showed the opposite pattern. The
present study provides evidence that depressed individuals display
abnormal electrophysiological reactivity to sad imagery, which offers a
new perspective for understanding the mechanisms underlying depression.
VARAT: Variable Annotation Tool for Documents on Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Kato Shota , Kano Manabu
Published: July 2023

Physical model building is essential for realizing digital twins in the
manufacturing industry and requires much toil. We aim to develop
automated physical model builder (AutoPMoB) that can automatically build
physical models from literature databases. AutoPMoB requires several
fundamental technologies, and domain-specific datasets play a vital role
in developing such technologies. Although datasets related to variables
have been created, there has been no dataset in the chemical engineering
domain. To create such a dataset, in this study, we developed an
algorithm for extracting variable symbols from documents and a variable
annotation tool, VARAT, based on the algorithm. We used the tool and
created a dataset containing about 1,733 variable symbols from 45 papers
on physical models of five manufacturing processes. VARAT enables us to
quickly and accurately extract the variable symbols from documents and
reduces the time for annotation per paper to less than half, which
streamlines the annotation process.
Features of the clinical course of COVID-19 in people living with HIV
Authors: Chernozemova E. A. , Mekaeva N. V. , Arkhipova L. I. , Fedunyak I. P. , Pshenay-Severin E. D. , Basina V. V. , Andreeva I. V. , Esaulenko E. V. , Pogromskaya M. N.
Published: July 2023

Purpose. To study the features of the clinical course of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in people living with HIV and risk factors for adverse outcomes.

Materials and methods. The study included 523 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 occurring against the background of HIV infection and hospitalized from March 2020 to September 2021 on the basis of the GBUZ “S.P. Botkin KIB” in St. Petersburg. Two groups were formed: 1 – receiving antiretroviral therapy (n=204), 2 – not receiving ART (n=319). A comparative analysis of the results obtained during the examination was carried out using statistical methods: Mann-Whitney (p≤0.05) and the calculation of the relative risk (RR) when comparing the probability of the outcome of the disease depending on the presence of risk factors: respiratory rate ( NPV),% lung damage, levels of CD4 and C-reactive protein (CRP) with a significance level of p≤0.05.

Results. Among the patients, persons aged 30 to 49 years predominated. In 50.5% of cases, coronavirus infection proceeded in the form of acute respiratory viral infections, pneumonia was diagnosed in 49.5%, which was subsequently complicated in 22.9% by the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome or sepsis in 2.1%. Severe course of COVID-19 was observed in non-adherent to ART, with CD4 lymphocyte count (≤50 cells/µl), multimorbidity and amounted to 45%.

Conclusion. A feature of the course of COVID-19 in patients with HIV/SARS-COV-2 coinfection was a high number of deaths – 21.6%. In the overall structure of causes of death, the maximum share fell on HIV infection – 58.4%, COVID-19 – 24.8%, HIV/ COVID-19 –9.7% coinfection and other causes – 7.1%. Factors associated with the development of severe forms of coronavirus infection caused by SARS-COV-2 in HIV-infected patients who were hospitalized, the combination of which can be used as a predictor of death, have been identified: respiratory rate (RR) > 20 per minute, percentage of involvement lungs> 50%, CD4 lymphocyte level <40 cells/µl, CRP>50 mg/l, presence of three or more concomitant diseases.
Effects of antiviral therapy on reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Novikova A. F. , Kokorev D. A. , Konstantinov D. Yu. , Popova L. L.
Published: July 2023

Aim – to evaluate the effect of direct antiviral drugs (sofosbuvir and velpatasvir) on the formation of the metabolic syndrome in patients with chronic hepatitis C with a high risk of its development 2 years after treatment.

Materials and methods. 112 patients with HCV (n=112) were examined, in whom the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome was determined using a specially developed method. In 58 patients, a high risk of developing metabolic syndrome was identified. This cohort of patients was divided into two groups: group 1 (n=26) who took sofosbuvir and velpatasvir and group 2 (n=32) who did not take AVT. Patients were periodically examined and observed for 2 years. At the final stage of observation, a comparative analysis of laboratory and instrumental data was carried out in patients in two comparison groups.

Results. At the start of AVT, HCV patients with a high risk of developing metabolic syndrome were found to be over-weight, moderately pronounced stage of liver fibrosis (F2 according to METAVIR), high viral load, increased transaminases, total low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherogenic coefficient, insulin, glucose. Two years after the etiotropic therapy in HCV patients with a high risk of developing the metabolic syndrome, normalization of blood lipid metabolism, glucose, insulin levels and a decrease in the concentration of total thyroxine were registered.

Conclusion. Etiotropic therapy with direct antiviral drugs in patients with chronic hepatitis C reduces the relative risk of developing the metabolic syndrome by 6,3 times.
Garrison hospital «York» Königsberg: history of creation and further development of the infectious hospital of Kaliningrad
Authors: Perminova L. A. , Malakhova J. L. , Ivanov I. B. , Krasnova O. G. , Ebert A. D. , Skobei I. G. , Tarasov A. V.
Published: July 2023

The article presents the results of the study and analysis of archival documents, on the basis of which the history of the construction of the complex of buildings of the garrison infirmary «York» in Königsberg is recreated, the features of the architectural and planning solutions used in the construction of this medical complex are studied and analyzed. The description of the post-war and modern stages of development of the infectious diseases hospital of the Kaliningrad region, which is located in the preserved buildings of the garrison infirmary «York» in Konigsberg, is given.
Clinical manifestations of asthenic syndrome after coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Mikhailov A. O. , Sokotun S. A. , Plekhova N. G. , Simakova A. I. , Beniova S. N. , Petukhova S. A. , Machtareva E. S. , Bedareva A. S.
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Asthenic disorders due to COVID-19 infection are generally classified under a recently introduced category in ICD-10: U09.9 Condition after COVID-19, unspecified. In this regard, it is necessary to study the clinical manifestations and systematize the asthenic syndrome after coronavirus infection in order to better understand the tactics of treatment and rehabilitation of this group of patients.

Objective. To assess the prevalence of asthenic syndrome in patients who have had a coronavirus infection, to characterize and present its dynamics.

Materials and methods. The study involved 200 people with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, aged 51 to 83, who were undergoing inpatient treatment. After discharge from the hospital after 6 months and 12 months, these patients again underwent a physical examination, anamnesis, complaints, and a questionnaire to identify symptoms of asthenia and other psychopathological syndromes.

Results. Asthenic symptoms were found in 2/3 of the examined persons. Autonomic disorders were noted with a slight decrease from 81.5% after 6 months to 74.2% after 12. Sleep disorders and increased fatigue progressed during the observed period from 70.4% to 80.6% and 63.0 to 74.2% respectively. Emotional lability of patients as a whole did not change.

Conclusion. Polymorphic symptoms of asthenic syndrome were revealed, the most common phenomena were sleep disorders and symptoms of fatigue.
Assessment of prognostic factors for differential diagnostics between mono- and mixed infection of the febrile form of tick-borne encephalitis
Authors: Ilyinskikh E. N. , Filatova E. N. , Semenova A. V. , Bulankov Yu. I. , Nekrasov V. N. , Minakova Yu. V. , Axyonov S. V. , Voronkova O. V. , Samoylov K. V. , Buzhak N. S.
Published: July 2023

Objective: is to assess clinical and laboratory prognostic factors to develop a differential diagnostic model between the monoinfection of tick-borne encephalitis febrile form and the mixed infection of tick-borne encephalitis with Lyme borreliosis non-erythemal form at the onset of the disease.

Materials and methods. The clinical examination involving 56 patients with tick-borne encephalitis febrile form (mean age: 46.1±3.1 years) and 27 patients with the mixed infection of tick-borne encephalitis with Lyme borreliosis non-erythemal form (mean age: 47.2±3.2 years) has resulted in the assessment of 65 clinical and laboratory parameters in the first week of the disease including 14 indicators of standard and extended hemogram profiles and 6 blood leukocyte indices. Pearson’s goodness-of-fit test was used for statistical analysis. The predictive values of the parameters were determined by the odds ratio and ROC analysis with AUC. The logistic regression model was developed using STATISTICA 12.0.

Results. To make differential diagnosis between mono- and mixed infection at the onset of the disease the following hematological parameters with “average” or “good” predictive values can be used: band neutrophil count (AUC=0.65), the index of leukocytes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate ratio (AUC=0.66), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (AUC=0.70), neutrophil granularity intensity (AUC=0.66), neutrophil reactivity intensity (AUC=0.72) and reactive lymphocytes count (AUC= 0.72). A logistic regression model with a “very good” predictive value (AUC=0.83) is developed which includes the following four predictors: band neutrophil count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, NEUT-RI and NEUT-GI in peripheral blood.

Conclusion. The model is allowed to make a differential diagnosis between the mono- and the mixed infection of tick-borne encephalitis with good sensitivity and specificity values in the first week of disease.
Investigating the effects of disclosure of lived experience of depression by mental health professionals: a web-based randomized controlled trial
Authors: Unterreiter Lisa , Scherr Sebastian , Arendt Florian
Published: July 2023

Suicide prevention research found that disclosing personal experience with suicide (“lived experience”) by mental health professionals can elicit beneficial effects. Unfortunately, there is limited knowledge in the context of other crisis-related mental health issues such as depression. To test whether disclosure of lived experience of depression by mental health professionals elicits beneficial effects. Using a web-based randomized controlled trial, N = 365 adults were randomly assigned to read a news interview with a psychiatrist who disclosed that they 1) suffered from depression themselves (“direct lived experience”), 2) that a close relative of them suffered from depression (“indirect lived experience”), or 3) no disclosure of any forms of lived experiences (control group). The primary outcome was the reader's intention to provide help to others. Direct and indirect personal experiences both elicited a significant increase in the intention to help others. No significant difference between the two intervention groups was found. Disclosure of lived experience elicited beneficial effects. Even those without direct lived experience can elicit beneficial effects on others when openly talking about lived experience from relatives.
Equity Crowdfunding and Offering Page Disclosure
Authors: Aland John M.
Published: July 2023

This paper provides descriptive evidence about how startup firms communicate with investors on their Regulation Crowdfunding offering page. I find evidence, consistent with prior theory about processing costs and information salience, that a firm’s prior revenues relate strongly to the discussion of financial information on its offering page. This runs counter to indications from Reg CF founders that they think financial information is of less importance to these investors than other information about the company. Consistent with founder beliefs that investors place little weight on firm financials, I find no consistent relation between financial disclosure and a firm meeting its offering goal. Offering success appears more closely related to other elements of disclosure that tell the “story” of the company. The results of this paper can help inform future research in the crowdfunding space, as well as contribute to the literature on how investors process information and disclosure.

Data Availability: Publicly available from Regulation Crowdfunding filings on SEC Edgar.

JEL Classifications: G23; G24; M13; M41.