bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STEM-AR Based Ecology and Biodiversity E-book Development for Increasing Students' Scientific Reasoning
Authors: Khoeriah Ina Ana , Permana Irvan , Pursitasari Indarini Dwi
Published: November 2023

This research aims to developing STEM-AR-based e-book teaching materials to improve students' scientific reasoning in ecology and biodiversity materials. The development of this research is important as a parameter of 21st-century abilities, which require students to have 4C abilities to face the education era of 4.0. This research method uses Research and Development (R&D). The R&D design chosen was Thiagarajan design consisting of four stages (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate) (Thiagarajan, 1974). Class VII students (N = 42) were involved as research subjects who were taken by the purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through scientific reasoning tests, student response questionnaires, and observation sheets. Data processing techniques used paired sample T-tests and then performed the N-gain test. The results of the analysis show that after using the STEM-AR-based e-book, there is an increase in scientific reasoning ability, with an N-Gain value of 63% in the medium category. Testing the effectiveness of teaching materials using the SPSS paired sample t-test showed a result of 0.001, which means that STEM-AR-based teaching materials affect students' scientific reasoning. The descriptive average of scientific reasoning has increased by 40%. In addition, students gave positive responses to teaching materials, which made it easier to understand the material
Efforts to Prevent Malnutrition in Marginal Communities in Makassar City
Authors: Syaekhu Ahmad , Handayani Sri , Arhas Sitti Hardiyanti
Published: November 2023

The Indonesian government has made efforts to improve nutrition through counseling and education through community health centers, but these efforts are considered to be less effective. The aspects to be looked at are community characteristics, initial knowledge and attitudes about eating habits and environmental sanitation, and educational models for preventing malnutrition that are currently needed. Respondents in this study were 80 people. The data that has been collected is analyzed to develop an educational model design. Data analysis was carried out using percentage analysis. Based on the results of data processing that has been carried out, it was found that the average mother in marginalized communities is a mother of productive age, the number of children in marginalized communities is on average 1-2 children, feeding habits are in a good category, mothers in the community Marginal people on average have moderate knowledge about nutrition, attitudes about children's health are quite good, sanitation is in good condition, and marginalized communities want education with home visits conducted once a month.
Cultivation of Cambodia Cotton in Avanashi Taluk
Authors:   Cotton Assitant,Avanashi,Madras, N THULASI RAO
Published: November 2023

Irrigated Winter Cambodia cotton is cultivated in Madras State over an area of 3-5 lakh acres. The area is mostly. confined to the districts of Coimbatore, Tiruchi and Salem. Yet, different systems of cultivation are in vogue. Avanashi, a taluk of Coimbatore district forms a distinct subzone of the Irrigated Cambodia tract where cotton is planted late in October after the harvest of Ragi. The seedcotton from Avanashi area is much sought after in trade and goes by the special name as "Avanashi Cambodia" and is valued higher.
Tiller and Main Shoot Relationship in Setaria Italica Beauv., (Tenai or the Italian Millet)
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, RATNASWAMY CHARLES
Published: November 2023

The economic importance of the tillering habit in cereals is not new to the plant breeder and studies on the inter- relationship between the tillers and the main culms of cereals have received some attention in the past. In Setaria italica Beauv., (the Italian Millet) three high yielding strains Co. 1 and Co. 3 with free tillering and Co. 2 with stray-tillering habits have been evolved by pure line selection at the Millets and Pulses Breeding Station, Coimbatore. Work done on the inheritance of this habit has indicated that it is not only heriditary but also influenced by evironment to certain extent (Charles Ratnaswamy 1956-'57). The tillers not only develop from the base of the main culm but also from the nodes higher up on the main culm and the tillers. In the early stages of growth whenever the basal nodes come in contact with the soil, the roots from this region are induced to grow and function as normal ones and the axillary buds from the basal nodes develop into tillers. The tillers which develop from the base have direct contact with the soil through the adventitious roots developed later from their basal nodes, whereas those which develop from nodes a few inches above, do not contact the soil through roots. In a free-tillering variety the total number of tillers produced may be upto fifteen and varieties which do not tiller are also common. Interest in the possibilities of improving the productive capacity of a crop has increased during the recent years and the primary object of the plant breeder being to exploit the resources of yield potential of a particular crop, a study on the fundamental aspect of the tillering habit in Setaria italica Beauv., was taken up to find out information which can be focussed on the improvement of this crop.
Twin Seedlings in Sorghum
Authors:   Millets Breeding Station Coimbatore, M.S THANGAM
Published: November 2023

The Talaivirichan Cholam selection, A. S. 7657, belonging to Sorghum roxburghii var. hians is very interesting in its genetic behaviour as it exhibits a possible genic unbalance. Interesting mutations such as the grassy sorghums, triploids and striped plants (unpublished) were recorded in this selection. The occurrence of polyembryony in this selection is described in this paper.
A Glimpse Into World Sugar Industry
Authors:   Chief Sugarcane Officer, Vadapathimangalam, S.V PARTHASARATHY
Published: November 2023

India is planning to expand its sugar industry. The ninth session of International Society of Sugarcane Technologists was therefore appropriately held at Delhi in January this year. This gave opportunity for many scientists and farmers of this country to come into contact with the International authorities visiting this country on this occasion. A review of the salient features of the industry of different countries as could be gathered from this conference may therefore be of interest to the farmers at large.
Stigma Receptivity in Cytoplasmic Male-Sterile Sorghum Type Under Indian Conditions.
Authors:   Assitant in Millets ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, K MAHUDESWARAN
Published: November 2023

In a programme of breeding hybrid sorghuns, utilisation of cytoplasmic-induced male-sterile lines has great advantages. In this, however, it became necessary to study how far the stigmas are similar to the normal fertile ones in their behaviour under different environmental conditions. Floral biology has been studied in this crop by Ball (1910), Graham (1916), Ramanathan (1924), Vinall (1926), Patels (1929), Rangaswami Ayyangar and V. Panduranga Rao (1931) etc. In general, it is given that the stigmas come out first sometimes as early as 15 to 36 hours before the appearance of the stamens. Ball and Vinall record that the flowers open in the early morning hours. According to Patels it is in the forenoon from 4 A. M. Graham says it is from 11 P. M. to 4 P. M. the next afternoon. Ramanathan's findings show that the flowering period is between 1 a. M. to 4 P. M. According to observations made at Coimbatore, it varies from variety to variety. S. durra, S. roxburghii, S. nervosum commence opening their flowers at midnight and the opening continues till 8 A. M. and may get prolonged to 10 a. M. at the most. S. margaretiferrum, a sorghum from Sierra Leone Flowers from 8. 4. M. to 4 r. M. and it is recorded that a panicle takes 9 days to complete the anthesis.
How Madras State Organised Border Planting of Sesbania Speciosa
Authors:   Joint Director, Agricultural College Madras, A MUHAMMAD ALI
Published: November 2023

The development of Sesbania speciosa in Madras State may be deemed as one of the most outstanding achievements in the field of agricultural development. In fact, the progress achieved was so remarkable that it now looks like a story from a fairy tale. The din of the work has subsided leaving behind it unalterable trails. It is now time to take stock of how the whole thing was achieved and executed. The present note gives a review.of the work.
Growth Potential of Laphygma exigua in Relation to Certain, Winter Food Plants
Authors:   Rajasthan College of Agriculture Udaipur, B.K SRIVASTAVA
Published: November 2023

The leaf eating caterpillar, Laphyma exigua Hb. is not specific in its food habits. It is known to attack practically all types of crop plants belonging to several National Orders. Host plants of this insect are described by several workers in India. (Fletcher 1920, Trehan & Pingle 1946, Kadam & Patel 1956, Sengupta and Behura 1957, etc.). During the winter season of 1957-1958 the larvae were found infesting many crops at Uadipur. In some they were observed to be of very little importance while in others their population was very large resulting in severe damage. There is enough evidence and more is accumulating, which suggests that besides other things perhaps one of the most important factors which determines the distribution of insects on different crops is the capacity of food to support growth. It is therefore, necessary to study the relation between the food plant and the insect growth. This type of information is even more needed in case of insect pests which have a wide variety of hosts because the type of food plays the most important role in building up of the population.
Agricultural Extension methodology in the community development blocks
Authors:   Directore of Agriculture Madras, R RATNAM
Published: November 2023

Prior to the launching of the Community Development Projects, each department of Government was considered as an independent entity. For this reason each department addressed itself to the task of tackling the villager from its own point of view through its hierarchy of officials. As a result, the Agricultural Demonstrator, the Co-operative Inspector, the Supervisor of Works, the Veterinary Surgeon, the Health Inspector, the Inspector of Schools and a host of many other officials approached him and wanted him to do this, that and a third. The success which they were able to achieve in the village depended very much on their own individual efforts and on their capacity to sell their ideas to him. It also depended upon the financial allocations made available to him for undertaking the various developmental activities. The popular Governments in India found this a very unsatisfactory state of affairs. Impatient of the pace of progress, and realizing that the nation's welfare was almost wholly dependant on the welfare of the rural population, the Government of India have embarked on the Community development programme.
Observations on the Biology of Cylas formicarius Fabricius at Coimbatore
Authors:   Entomology Section,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, T.R SUBRAMANIAN
Published: November 2023

Cylas, formicarius Fabricius, commonly known as the sweet potato weevil, is a well known cosmopolitan insect, which causes serious damage to sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) both in the field and storage. The loss caused by this pest is very extensive all over the world and in India damage to the extent of 60 to 70% is not uncommon. In recent years the weevil has been found to cause serious damage to sweet potato at Coimbatore especially to some of the exotic varieties. The author took up a detailed study on the biology of this insect at Coimbatore especially on aspects like number and duration of larval instars, alternate host plants and incidence of the pest on different varieties of the sweet potato etc. This paper gives an account of these observations together with detailed morphological descriptions of early stages of the weevil.
A review of the progress in the evolution of Karunganni cotton strains resulting in the release of K. 6 (Pandyan) and scope for further improvement in Madras State.
Authors:   Department of Agriculture Madras, P.V MARAPPAN , V.D GURUSWAMY RAJA ,   Department of Agriculture Madras
Published: November 2023

With a view to tackle the Agricultural problems of the black soil tract in the districts of Tirunelveli, Ramanathapuram and Madurai, the Agricultural Research Station at Kovilpatti was established in Tirunelveli district during 1901. Of the three major crops of this tract viz., desi cotton known in trade as "Tinnevellies and Karunganni', Cumbu (Pennisetum typhoides) and fodder cholam (Sorghum dochna), the former which covers about 3.95 lakh acres in the tract, received foremost attention for improvement, as a cash crop of commercial value. Therefore, breeding and agronomic experiments on cotton formed an important programme of work among the various activities of the Station, since its inception. The results of the agronomic experiments have been reviewed elsewhere by Neelakantan and Guruswamy Raja (1958). The salient features of the breeding investigations carried out on this station and the progress in the evolution of improved Karunganni strains indicating scope for further improvement are summarised in this paper.
The Role of Agricultural Department in Community Development and National Extension Service
Authors:   Department of Agriculture Madras, K KUPPAMUTHU
Published: November 2023

The Role of the Agricultural Department in the Community Development and National Extension Services, is dealt in two parts viz. (1) Community Development and National Extension Services and (2) the role of the Agricultural Department, as a knowledge of the aims and objects of the former is necessary to understand the latter.
New Irrigation Techniques in the U. S. S. R.
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, M PAVLOV
Published: November 2023

During the next seven years, the land under irrigation in the Soviet Union will be increased by 1-9 million hectares (a hectare is equal to 25 acres). This increase alone is almost twice the irrigated area of a country like Iran. But the development of irrigation in the U. S. S. R. is not limited to this alone. The plan calls for watering nearly 80 million hectares of pasture lands in desert and semi-desert zones. At the same time drainage in areas with superfluous moisture will be carried out on 3-6 million hectares of swampy and marshy land.
Cultivation of Irrigated Summer Cambodia and Suggestions for Improvement
Authors:   Cotton Specialist,,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore  641 003, L NEELAKANTAN
Published: November 2023

With the commencement of summer i. e. February -March, what corresponds to the Masipattam in the Tamil agri- cultural calender, large areas about 74,000 acres are cultivated I annually, with an American variety of cotton, popularly known as Uganda or Rajapalayam - G. hirsutum. The districts concerned are Ramanathapuram, Tirunelveli and parts of South Arcot in the order of importance. The strain that is recommended for this zone of growth by the Agriculture Department is called MCU. 2 (Madras Cambodia Uganda-2). It is one of the best quality long staple cottons in India. Though this strain has almost covered the entire area, the method of cultivation varies from place to place giving scope for improvement. In this brief article the average cultivation cost and income per acre based on enquiries on three average holdings are furnished, together with suggestions by adopting which the cost can be reduced and the income enhanced.
Utilisation of Farm Resources in Coimbatore Taluk
Authors:   Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, S KANNAN
Published: November 2023

Farm production results from combining in various proportions the different factors of production land, labour, capital and management. Profit maximisation, then, is an attainable condition only when the farmer decides on the amounts and combinations of these four major resources of production. Any attempt to maximise farm profits, therefore, requires a prior knowledge of the productivity and returns of these resources used in farm production. So a study was undertaken in 1958-59 to estimaté the nature of resource returns from a random sample of farms in Coimbatore taluk. Such information on resource utilisation and productivity will help to determine the quantity of particular cate- gories of resources which should be employed and how the several resources should be combined for maximum production.
Potash Status of Nanjinad Soils
Authors:   Agricultural College (Vellayani) Kerala, N.S MONEY
Published: November 2023

Nanjinad is an important rice growing tract which belonged to erstwhile Travancore State but now is in Madras State. The paddy lands in this tract cover an area of 50,000 acres and are mostly double cropped. The soil as a rule is very productive but the strain of bearing an annual crop coupled with inadequate application of fertilizers is bound to result in the gradual depletion of plant foods. Pillai and Iyer (1) who carried out the soil survey of this tract concluded that these soils are well supplied with potash based on total potash content. Some cultivators, have, however, expressed the opinion that satisfactory crop yields were not forthcoming in the absence of systematic applications of potash. This has led them to coin the proverb. Ash in the pot-dung in the hay'. In view of this, an investigation of the potash status of these soils was carried out by the author prior to inclusion of this area in Madras State.
Monsoons in Coimbatore
Authors:   Agriculture Meteorologist, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore, C BALASUBRAMANIAN
Published: November 2023

The locality where the Agricultural College and Research Institute is situated is within ten miles from the "Palghat gap", which is about forty miles from the Arabian sea. It is purely an inland area with mountains on the north, west and southern sides. The Vellingiri hills on the west, within a distance of about twelve miles, function as a rampart against the South-west monsoon. The daily rainfall data collected in the observatory, attached to the Agricultural College and Research Institute, for a period of fifty years from 1907 have been critically examined to assess the probable dates of the onset, duration of activity and the nature of pattern of rainfall during the south-west, and the north-east, monsoon periods of June to September and October to December respectively. With the details collected regarding the dates of onset of the monsoons, an onset diagram was prepared to bring out the probable periods of the onset of these two monsoons. The cyclic nature of the performance of these two monsoons has been assessed by adopting the Centre Shift Average Method for periods of one, two, three etc. up to eighteen years. In addition, the relationship between the patterns of rainfall in these two monsoons and their individual relationship with the annual pattern of rainfall were also worked out. Incidentally the nature of the break periods between the two monsoons has also been examined.
A note on the Statistical Assessment of Probability of Rainfall and its Agricultural Significance
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, C.M BHAKTHAVATHSALU , C BALASUBRAMANIAN ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: November 2023

The value of rainfall to agriculture depends as much on its distribution and reliability as on its absolute amount. Farmers in regions with a long established agricultural tradition, are fortunate in having the heritage of the accumulated weather lore of centuries for their guidance. This enables them to assess their chances of successful crop production. In the absence of reliable weather lore, the enlightened farmer, has had perforce to use rainfall means as an indication of likely expectation of rain, his most important climatic factor. Such expectations without reference to variability may often be quite misleading. The failure to allow for this variability has led to disappointing results in some agricultural ventures, and may account in part for the fatalistic attitude adopted towards attempts at predicting rainfall expectation. Hence it is proposed to expound in this note that an efficient expression of rainfall variability, which is of fundamental importance to the better understanding of seasonal crop variation, is statistically practicable, with the annual rainfall data of Nagercoil-Kanyakumari District.
The Value of Productivity Ratings in the Soil Survey Report
Authors:   Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, T.R SRINIVASAN , C.R VENKATARAMANAN ,   Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003
Published: November 2023

It is now accepted by soil scientists as well as agronomists all over the world that soil surveys should be the starting point for the systematic exploitation of land resources. The chief objective of a soil survey is to identify the various kinds of soils occurring in a given region, describe their characteristics, classify them and locate the positions of the classified soils on a base map. The fundamental purpose of soil survey is to make predictions. As such each soil survey report should contain in its body an assessment of the agricultural capabilities of individual soils shown on the soil map and a prediction in terms of expected average yields of specified crops from these soils under defined management practices. To this end of supplying a table of predicted yields for the mapping units, the use of Productivity Rating' has come into vogue.
A note on the occurrence of leeches in paddy fields and their control.
Authors:   Entomology Section,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, I.P JANAKI , A.R SESHADRI ,   Entomology Section,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003
Published: November 2023

Leeches (Group Hirudinea) are well known for their sanguini- vorous habits and the annoyance they cause to man and animals. Both terrestrial and aquatic forms are met with in this group. Ponds, pools, irrigation water and marshlands are frequented by these annelids. Leeches have also been known to occur in paddy fields as recorded by De Jesus (1934) in the Phillippines.
A minority language as language of instruction in the science classroom: A case study of a science teacher teaching at a German-speaking school in Namibia
Authors: Feser Markus Sebastian , Haagen-Schützenhöfer Claudia
Published: November 2023

Previous studies on the challenges teachers face when teaching science in German, as well as their corresponding coping strategies, feature a significant blind spot because—to our knowledge—they have only been conducted in regions, where German is the majority language. To address this blind spot, the present case study explores the perspectives of a science teacher on the role of German as language of instruction in a context in which German is a minority language. To this end, we conducted a narrative interview with a science teacher at a German-speaking school in Namibia and analyzed it qualitative-reconstructively. Our data analysis revealed that two meta-themes, which we labeled “teaching while navigating a monolingual norm” and “teaching while handling shortages,” pattern the key challenges and coping strategies of our interviewed teacher when she is teaching science in German language. The implications of this finding are outlined at the end of this paper.
Mental health, depressive disorder and its management: A review
Authors: Amit Ashok Khune  , Harishkumar K. Rathod  , Swati P. Deshmukh  , Swapnil B. Chede
Published: November 2023

Mental health is a state of mental well-being that enables people to cope with the stresses of life, realize their abilities, learn well and work well, and contribute to their community. India's mental health struggles are largely due to societal stigma and inadequate healthcare access. Depression is a major cause of disability worldwide and contributes greatly to the global disease burden. Depression is characterized by persistent sadness, hopelessness, irritability, guilt, loss of interest, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, sleep disturbances, changes in appetite, physical aches, and thoughts of death or suicide. Symptoms can also include increased anger, restlessness, withdrawal, impulsivity, alcohol or drug use, isolation, and difficulties with sexual desire and performance. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common types of depression. It is characterized by changes in neuronal structure and function, which are accompanied by several biochemical changes. It is caused by a variety of biological, psychological, and environmental factors. This review will cover depression, its signs and symptoms, risk factors, mechanisms, and management. The management of depression includes various types of medication, therapies, counselling, stimulation, and strategies to combat depression.
Recent Trends in Cryptanalysis Techniques for White-box Block Ciphers
Authors:   Korean Institute of Smart Media, Oh Chaerin , Im Woosang , Kim Hyunil , Seo Changho
Published: November 2023

Black box cryptography is a cryptographic scheme based on a hardware encryption device, operating under the assumption that the device and the user can be trusted. However, with the increasing use of cryptographic algorithms on unreliable open platforms, the threats to black box cryptography systems have become even more significant. As a consequence, white box cryptography have been proposed to securely operate cryptographic algorithms on open platforms by hiding encryption keys during the encryption process, making it difficult for attackers to extract the keys. However, unlike traditional cryptography, white box-based encryption lacks established specifications, making it challenging to verify its structural security. To promote the safer utilization of white box cryptography, CHES organizes The WhibOx Contest periodically, which conducts safety analyses of various white box cryptographic techniques. Among these, the Differential Computation Analysis (DCA) attack proposed by Bos in 2016 is widely utilized in safety analyses and represents a powerful attack technique against robust white box block ciphers. Therefore, this paper analyzes the research trends in white box block ciphers and provides a summary of DCA attacks and relevant countermeasures, adhering to the format of a research paper..
Development of a Lock Biometric Authentication System for a Battery Powered Locking Device
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Ismail Iman Fitri , Fawzi Mas ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Wan Jamaludin Wan Akashah ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Madon Rais Hanizam ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Abdullah Ahmad Fauzan ,   PT Reach International (M) Sdn Bhd, Abdullah Mohamad Ashik ,   PT Reach International (M) Sdn Bhd
Published: November 2023

This paper describes the development of a biometric authentication system in a battery-powered locking device. It differs from the conventional locking system, which connected to an external power supply. The system focuses on a fingerprint-based identification with single button operation. A fingerprint sensor readily available in the market was integrated with an Arduino as the processing unit to unify the button operation as means to trigger functions on the fingerprint sensor and actuator motors, as well as indicating lights for user feedback. The aim of the seamless fingerprint authentication requires a brief matching of usersâ€™ fingerprints. A prototype of the system was built and tested. It was found that the device is able to match a fingerprint in less than 1s for up to 50 registered fingerprints. Using a nominal battery capacity of the 12V lithium battery pack with 5000mAh, the amount of current supply to the actuator is sufficient for 400 activations.
Relationship between Total Quality Management Practice and Organizational Performance: A Conceptual Model Based on Iraq Manufacturing Industries
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Al-Rawi Najdat Hameed , Mohammad Musli ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Ahmad Md Fauzi ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: November 2023

Many organizations use various organizational improvement initiatives such as ISO 9001, Total Quality Management (TQM) and Innovation Management as strategies to be competitive in their market segments. Despite the global acceptance of the TQM concept by manufacturing and service organizations, Iraqi manufacturing organizations are still at the primary stage of the TQM journey. This paper attempts to discuss the relationships between TQM implementation and organizational performance. It also argues the importance of innovation and ISO 9001 as mediators between the application of TQM and organizational results. The related literature was reviewed prior to the development of a framework which included TQM practice, ISO 9001, innovation and organizational performance. It is expected that ISO9001 and innovation would help the practice of TQM in enhancing organizational performance. Data collection and analysis will be performed to validate and/or refine the hypotheses raised in this paper.
Modular Multilevel DC-DC Boost Converter for High Voltage Gain Achievement with Reduction of Current and Voltage Stresses
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Samat M. N. A. , Ponniran Asmarashid ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Kasiran M. A. N. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Yatim M. H. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Noor M. K. R. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Jumadril J. N. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a modular multilevel DC-DC boost converter for high voltage gain achievement with reduction of current and voltage stresses. Normally, conventional DC-DC boost converter (CDBC) has low voltage gain capability, higher current and voltage stresses which lead to high conduction loss of the semiconductor devices due to the circuit structure limitation. Therefore, 4-level synchronous modular multilevel DC-DC converter (SMMC) with Marx topology adaptation is considered to improve the limitation circuit structure of CDBC. Besides, the 4-level SMMC have high voltage gain achievement, it also has lower current and voltage stresses features. A 145 W and 48 V input voltage of 4-level SMMC has been designed and experimentally verified where the result is compared with CDBC. The results show that the CDBC required 0.76 of duty cycle while 4-level SMMC only require 0.5 duty cycle to achieve 200 V output voltage, respectively. Additionally, the current stress decreases by 75% on input inductor and 50% reduction from voltage stress of switching as compared to the CDBC. Consequently, the selection rating for the components can be decreased and higher efficiency can be obtained for the 4-level SMMC as compared to the CDBC.
The Impact of the Guide Vane on the BIWT System for the Distributed Wind Generation in the Urban Area
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Sim G.Y. , Ariff M.A.M. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Goh H.H. ,   Guangxi University, Ramli S. N. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Sim S.Y. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Chien S.K. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: November 2023

This paper reports a study on the impact of the guide vane on the Building Integrated Wind Turbine (BIWT) system for the distributed wind generation in the urban area. The guide vane is combined with the rotor to concentrate and accelerate the incoming wind to drive the turbine for power generation. The improved BIWT system has several advantages over the conventional BIWT system; it does not require the structural reinforcement of the building because it generates electricity based on the wind pressure acting on the buildingâ€™s wall. Furthermore, the guide vane conceals the rotor from the view of pedestrians to maintain the aesthetic value of the building. The analysis focuses on the installation of the BIWT design at a high-rise building. The study evaluates the wind dynamics characteristic on the buildingâ€™s wall using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. Consequently, the producible power output is estimated based on the wind dynamics characteristic. The effectiveness of the BIWT with the guide vane is evaluated on the actual wind data measured at Kota Kinabalu, Sandakan and Kudat. The result shows that the guide vane increases the producible power output by 129.09%.
Optional CMOS based Monolithic Light Sensor for Detection of Light Intensity
Authors:   Intel Microelectronics (M) Sdn. Bhd., Kean Woon Yun , Mat Jubadi Warsuzarina ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Ahmad Nabihah@Nornabihah ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: November 2023

Conventional light intensity sensing devices such as a light meter are big in size and incapable of outputting a digitized signal to a microprocessor for further control and actuation. Sensor transducers based on CMOS has therefore increased in popularity. Using CMOS technology, manufacturing costs and the power consumption can be reduced with smaller form factor. This paper presents a proposed design of light sensor for the detection of light intensity. The project utilizes Silterraâ€™s 130 nm CMOS architecture to create a low power and low space monolithic light sensor chip that is able to detect the intensity of light to assist in achieving the recommended levels of light intensity in domestic areas. The light intensity was simulated with a photocurrent and the photodiode operates optimally at a wavelength of 555 nm, the spectral sensitivity of the human eye and has good linearity. The light intensity detected is shown in illuminance (lux) and this project is capable to detect illuminance in the range of 0 to 200 lux with a resolution of 20 lux. The monolithic chip of the light intensity sensor comprises of the transimpedance amplifier which acts as a current to voltage converter and an ADC to convert the analog voltage into a digital reading. Hence, the output of the light intensity sensor is in binary representation. The total power consumption of the monolithic light intensity sensor is 1.88mW and the total size of the design is 0.01202 mm2.
Factorial Analysis of Tensile Properties of Areca Leaf Sheath (ALS) Subjected to Flattening
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Jong Oi-Ka , Nasharidan Siti Adayu ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Abdul Rashid Azrin Hani ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Main Nor Mazlana ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Mi Yong Tze ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Roslan Mohd Nazrul ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Masrol Shaiful Rizal ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: November 2023

Areca leaf sheath (ALS) is a common agricultural waste produced in Southeast Asia countries, which is widely utilized over the decades to make biodegradable disposable dining wares. The workable surface of ALS for heat pressing is limited due to the concavity in the middle and folding at the edges of ALS. This study proposes that the ALS is flattened using a padding mangle prior to the forming process. The aim is to investigate the effect of ALS thickness and flattening pressure on the ultimate tensile strength and strain at break of ALS. A range of factors influencing the flattening process were investigated using design of experiment (DOE) approach based on analysis of variance (ANOVA). As the applied pressure increases, the thickness reduction of the ALS also increases. The tensile test was carried out in accordance to ASTM D3039 standard. It is found that ALS thickness and flattening pressure affect the results differently. The highest ultimate tensile strength (23.25 MPa) is obtained from 3-4 mm thick grain direction samples flattened at 5 bar; whereas the highest strain is 58.28% from perpendicular grain direction samples flattened at 1 bar, with thickness range of 3-4 mm. The results suggest that flattening process does not influence the tensile strength of ALS significantly when it is fed in parallel direction; but decreases the strain slightly.
Study of LED Radiation Effects on Insect Phototaxis Response for the Development of Light-Based Pest Trap
Authors:   Swinburne University of Techonolgy Sarawak Campus, Wei Wee Bryan Chung , Then Yi Lung ,   Swinburne University of Techonolgy Sarawak Campus, Tay Fei Siang ,   Swinburne University of Techonolgy Sarawak Campus, Abang Zaidel Dyg Norkhairunnisa ,   Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kashem Saad ,   Qatar Foundation
Published: November 2023

Commercial agriculture is a resource intensive industry that employs significant amounts of agrochemicals to maintain a high yield output. Excessive application of insecticides has detrimental impacts on human health, environment and long-term sustainability. One particular area of interest is in exploring how insects are attracted to specific bands of the visible light spectrum. This paper details the study of several light conditions using Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) to determine its phototaxis response on the common grasshopper, garden moth and lava beetle. The results conclude that all three insects exhibit positive phototaxis response on wavelengths around 491nm and below, which encompasses ultraviolet, blue and green. The radiant intensity experiment revealed a threshold response of 2.8mW/m2, or 25m in reciprocal distance.
Online Person Identification based on Multitask Learning
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Anak Joseph Annie , Anak Pelias Pog Edward Ijau ,   Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Chin Kho Lee ,   Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Boon Liang David Bong ,   Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Awang Mat Dyg Azra ,   Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Song Ngu Sze ,   Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Rulaningtyas Rilies ,   Universitas Airlangga
Published: November 2023

In the digital world, everything is digitized and data are generated consecutively over the times. To deal with this situation, incremental learning plays an important role. One of the important applications that needs an incremental learning is person identification. On the other hand, password and code are no longer the only way to prevent the unauthorized person to access the information and it tends to be forgotten. Therefore, biometric characteristics system is introduced to solve the problems. However, recognition based on single biometric may not be effective, thus, multitask learning is needed. To solve the problems, incremental learning is applied for person identification based on multitask learning. Considering that the complete data is not possible to be collected at one time, online learning is adopted to update the system accordingly. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is used to create a feature space while Incremental LDA (ILDA) is adopted to update LDA. Through multitask learning, not only human faces are trained, but fingerprint images are trained in order to improve the performance. The performance of the system is evaluated by using 50 datasets which includes both male and female datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the learning time of ILDA is faster than LDA. Apart from that, the learning accuracies are evaluated by using K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and achieve more than 80% for most of the simulation results. In the future, the system is suggested to be improved by using better sensor for all the biometrics. Other than that, incremental feature extraction is improved to deal with some other online learning problems.
Mobile Robot Path Planning using Q-Learning with Guided Distance and Moving Target Concept
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Low Ee Soong , Ong Pauline ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Low Cheng Yee ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: November 2023

Classical Q-learning algorithm is a reinforcement of learning algorithm that has been applied in path planning of mobile robots. However, classical Q-learning suffers from slow convergence rate and high computational time. This is due to the random decision making for direction during the early stage of path planning. Such weakness curtails the ability of mobile robot to make instantaneous decision in real world application. In this study, the distance aspect and moving target concept were added to Q-learning in order to enhance the direction decision making ability and bypassing dead end. With the addition of these features, Q-learning is able to converge faster and generate shorter path. Consequently, the proposed improved Q-learning is able to achieve average improvement of 29.34-94.85%, 18.29-29.69% and 75.76-99.50% in time used, shortest distance and total distance used, respectively.
Identifying Unnatural Variation in Precision Rotational Part Manufacturing
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Kasmin A. , Masood I. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Abdul Rahman N. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Fadzillah A.L. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Abdol Rahman M.N. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: November 2023

In the manufacturing industry, it is well known that in-process variation is a major contributor to poor quality products. In order to fabricate a precise part, the source of unnatural variation (UV) needed to be properly identified, monitored and controlled while the process is running. In relation to this issue, this study aims to identify the error root causes of UV in bivariate process associated with statistical process control (SPC) chart patterns. In research methodology, in-process variation in manufacturing roller head component was discussed systematically based on real product of roller head, computer aided design (CAD) and statistical process control (SPC) chart patterns. Initially, the CAD software was used to model a precise rotational part, and to analyse the cause of UV. Then, the programming software was used to generate the artificial SPC data streams based on an established mathematical model. Data generation also involved linear correlation between two dependent variables (bivariate). The outcome of this study would be helpful for industrial practitioners as a database when applying SPC for monitoring bivariate process.
Production Leveling System Implementation at Mixed Model Product with Heterogeneous Cycle Time for Single Operation Line
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi MARA, Adnan A.N. , Ismail A. ,   Universiti Teknologi MARA
Published: November 2023

Production leveling is one of the main lean manufacturing principles which aims to enhance production performance and optimize operation cost. Systematic and level production of process for mixed model product is presented to study manufacturing parameter results. A required production time was synched in leveling system approach to avoid non-value-added item such as excess inventory and poor planning in production space. A few parameters were used to measure the performance of production leveling system implementation. Proper establishment production leveling schedule gained good results for manufacturers who were committed to the implementation. The most significant production area and productivity were due to balanced capacity according to actual demand. The conclusion and recommendation regarding potentials of efficient implementation were presented in a demonstration of production leveling system at mixed model product at single operation line.
Step and Step-Nc as a Tool for Big Data in Cloud Manufacturing
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Kassim N. , Jaafar J. ,   University Kuala Lumpur, Mat Roseh M.S.A. ,   Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Mohamed Ali M.H. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Roslan R. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Bahrudin I.A. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Mat Yasin S. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Mohamed J. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Omar A.H. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Mohamed Nor M.F. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Jofri M.H. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Abdul Hamid M. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Azhar M.R. ,   Empire Tech Vision Network
Published: November 2023

The terms big data, cloud manufacturing, predictive and additive manufacturing, and Internet of Things (IoT) are being most commonly used in the manufacturing industry nowadays. These terms are related to the fourth industrial revolution that emphasizes automation and data exchange between manufacturing tools/elements. Communication occurs between machines, products and even technicians or operators through various technologies while creating records of each interaction resulting in rapid growth of amount of data to be stored. Data acquisition is not a major issue since a structure or framework can properly connect these data in improving manufacturing efficiency. However, lack of effort in collecting and storing manufacturing data in the whole product life cycle process has made integration to be almost difficult to achieve. In this study, the adoption of STEP-NC method/technique was demonstrated in suiting the current explosion of big data in the industrial and manufacturing sector. The proposed methodology was developed through a study of an entity file structure and hierarchical concept in STEP and STEP-NC in gathering manufacturing data in a unified database. The challenge would be in making sense of the data, revealing the patterns in it and using them for operational improvements. The outcome of this study will be useful to support strategic decision making in product manufacturing.
Control Chart Pattern Recognition Using Small Window Size for Identifying Bivariate Process Mean Shifts
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Kasmin A. , Masood I. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Abdul Rahman N. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Abdul Kadir A.H. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Abdol Rahman M.N. ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: November 2023

There are many traits in the manufacturing technology to assure the quality of products. One of the current practices aims for monitoring the in-process quality of small-lot production using Statistical Process Control (SPC), which requires small samples or small window sizes. In this study, the recognition performance of bivariate SPC pattern recognition scheme was investigated when dealing with small window sizes (less than 24). The framework of the scheme was constructed using an artificial neural network recognizer. The simulated SPC samples in different window sizes (8 ~ 24) and different change points (fixed and varies) were generated to study the recognition performance of the scheme based on mean square error (MSE) and classification accuracy (CA) measures. Two main findings have been suggested: (i) the scheme was superior when recognizing shift patterns with various change points compared to the shift patterns with fixed change point, with lower MSE and higher CA results, (ii) the scheme was more difficult to recognize smaller window size patterns with increasing MSE and decreasing CA trends, since these patterns provided insufficient information of unnatural variation. The outcome of this study would be helpful for industrial practitioners towards applying SPC for small-lot-production.