bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal motility disorders in patients with anorexia nervosa – a review of the literature
Authors: Weterle- Smolińska Katarzyna , Banasiuk Marcin , Dziekiewicz Marcin , Ciastoń Michał , Jagielska Gabriela , Banaszkiewicz Aleksandra
Published: September 2015

Jadłowstręt psychiczny jest chorobą niosącą spustoszenie na wielu płaszczyznach funkcjonowania organizmu. Istotną częścią obrazu klinicznego tej choroby jest obecność licznych powikłań somatycznych będących konsekwencją głodzenia. Jednymi z najczęściej zgłaszanych przez pacjentów skarg, zwłaszcza w początkowym okresie realimentacji, są dolegliwości ze strony przewodu pokarmowego. Najczęściej objawy te są powiązane z zaburzeniami motoryki przewodu pokarmowego. Z dostępnych danych wynika, że aż połowa pacjentów chorujących na jadłowstręt psychiczny cierpi na istotne zaburzenia motoryki przewodu pokarmowego (niepełna relaksacja górnego i dolnego zwieracza przełyku, zaburzona podatność żołądka, opóźnione opróżnianie żołądka, wydłużenie pasażu jelitowego, osłabienie motoryki odbytnicy i odbytu). Zaburzenia te i dolegliwości ze strony przewodu pokarmowego mogą utrudniać przywrócenie prawidłowego sposobu odżywiania się, jeśli nie zostaną odpowiednio wcześnie wykryte i leczone. Istnieje stosunkowo niewiele badań dotyczących zaburzeń motoryki przewodu pokarmowego u pacjentów chorujących na jadłowstręt psychiczny, które nie odpowiadają jednoznacznie na pytanie czy zaburzenia te są pierwotne czy też wynikają z wyniszczenia oraz czy ustępują wraz z przywróceniem prawidłowej masy ciała. Brak odniesienia wyników badań naukowych do praktyki klinicznej, oraz brak standardów postępowania co do diagnostyki i leczenia zaburzeń przewodu pokarmowego u chorych na jadłowstręt psychiczny stanowi duży problem zarówno dla specjalistów w dziedzinie psychiatrii jak i gastroenterologii.
Classification of mood disorders
Authors: Angst Jules , Ajdacic-Gross Vladeta , Rössler Wulf
Published: September 2015

This paper looks at some recent developments in the official diagnostic definitions (DSM-5) and in the research domain. The spectrum concept of mood disorders consists of the components of depression and mania, alone or in combination, on a continuum. Its international operational classification changes regularly, being based on symptoms, their duration and consequences. Causation is as yet unknown.DSM-5 excludes unipolar mania and mania with mild depression as separate diagnoses (they come under bipolar I and bipolar II disorders) and introduces a new hierarchy of manic symptoms, placing energy/activity above mood (elated, irritable). This is shown to be problematic on the basis of recent data. The validity of the duration criteria for mania (1 week), hypomania (4 days) and depression (2 weeks) is also seriously questioned. Shorter episodes are clinically very relevant. The definition of mania/hypomania is a persistent problem, contributing to frequent un-
derdiagnosis of bipolar disorder in depressed patients. Other contributory factors include that patients often do not feel ill or seek treatment for the consequences of their high mood, and that hypomania can be hidden by substance use disorders (SUD). Hidden hypomanic syndromes are important because associated with treatment resistance, high comorbidity with anxiety/panic and SUD, psychotic and cognitive symptoms, dementia and higher mortality. Anxiety, too, is doubtless a mood disorder but there is still no concept which integrates anxiety with
bipolar disorder and depression. Classification involves the definition of artificial subgroups and is necessary for treatment and communication but clinicians, when in doubt, (...)
Editorial
Authors: Dudek Dominika , Sobański Jerzy , Klasa Katarzyna
Published: September 2015

brak streszczenia
Help us save the National Programme for the Protection of Mental Health
(open letter)
Authors: Wciórka Jacek , Cechnicki Andrzej
Published: September 2015

brak streszczenia
The Impact of Workaround Difficulty on Frontline Employees’ Response to Operational Failures: A Laboratory Experiment on Medication Administration
Authors: Tucker Anita L.
Published: September 2015

Operational failures persist, in part because employees work around them without engaging in actions to prevent recurrence. To break this cycle, we investigate the impact of work design factors on responses to operational failures. We use hospital nurses as subjects in a laboratory experiment, where, unknown to them, two medication administration supplies are missing. We observe their real-time responses to the two failures and whether they contribute an improvement idea. We randomly assign half of the participants to an experiment location far away from a satellite pharmacy where the missing supplies can be obtained (“difficult condition”), and the other half are located near the satellite pharmacy (“easy condition”). Both conditions contain risky, against-policy supplies that can be used to complete the work tasks, giving participants a choice between policy-compliant workarounds and risky, against-policy workarounds. In the first study, we find that participants in the difficult condition are more likely to contribute improvement ideas but are less likely to use policy-compliant workarounds. A second experiment with a 2 × 2 design shows that participants in the difficult condition who have high access to the process owner are more likely to use policy-compliant workarounds than when they have low access. Our results suggest that hospitals can increase communication about operational failures by deliberately making it difficult to work around them while simultaneously providing a high level of access to process owners. Otherwise, nurses encountering operational failures are likely to resort to against-policy workarounds, a behavior observed in practice.

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Calicotis Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Stathmopodidae) new to China, with descriptions of three new species
Authors: Guan Wei , Li Houhun
Published: September 2015

The genus Calicotis Meyrick, 1889 is recorded from China for the first time. Calicotis cuspidata sp. nov., C. dilatata sp. nov. and C. uncinata sp. nov. are described as new, and C. crucifera Meyrick, 1889 is newly recorded for China. Photographs of adults and illustrations of the genitalia are provided, along with a key to the identification of the described Chinese species and a map to show their distribution.
Metal-on-polyethylene versus metal-on-metal bearing surfaces in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Briggs T. W. R. , Hanna S. A. , Kayani B. , Tai S. , Pollock R. C. , Cannon S. R. , Blunn G. W. , Carrington R. W. J.
Published: September 2015

The long term biological effects of wear products following total hip arthroplasty (THA) are unclear. However, the indications for THA are expanding, with increasingly younger patients undergoing the procedure.

This prospective, randomised study compared two groups of patients undergoing THA after being randomised to receive one of two different bearing surfaces: metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) n = 22 and metal-on-metal (MoM) n = 23. We investigated the relationship between three variables: bearing surface (MoP vs MoM), whole blood levels of chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) and chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocyte pre-operatively and at one, two and five years post-surgery.

Our results demonstrated significantly higher mean cobalt and chromium (Co and Cr) blood levels in the MoM group at all follow-up points following surgery (p < 0.01), but there were no significant differences in the chromosomal aberration indices between MoM and MoP at two or five years (two years: p = 0.56, p = 0.08, p = 0.91, p = 0.51 and five years: p = 0.086, p = 0.73, p = 0.06, p = 0.34) for translocations, breaks, loss and gain of chromosomes respectively. Regression analysis showed a strong linear relationship between Cr levels and the total chromosomal aberration indices in the MoM group (R2 = 0.90016), but this was not as strong for Co (R2 = 0.68991). In the MoP group, the analysis revealed a poor relationship between Cr levels and the total chromosomal aberration indices (R2 = 0.23908) but a slightly stronger relationship for Co (R2 = 0.64292). Across both groups, Spearman’s correlation detected no overall association between Co and Cr levels and each of the studied chromosomal aberrations. There remains no clear indication which THA bearing couple is the most biocompatible, especially in young active patients. While THA continues to be very successful at alleviating pain and restoring function, the long-term biological implications of the procedure still require further scrutiny.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1183–91.
Intra-articular and portal infiltration versus wrist block for analgesia after arthroscopy of the wrist
Authors: Agrawal Y. , Russon K. , Chakrabarti I. , Kocheta A.
Published: September 2015

Wrist block has been used to provide pain relief for many procedures on the hand and wrist but its role in arthroscopy of the wrist remains unexplored. Chondrotoxicity has been a concern with the intra-articular infiltration of local anaesthetic. We aimed to evaluate and compare the analgesic effect of portal and wrist joint infiltration with a wrist block on the pain experienced by patients after arthroscopy of the wrist.

A prospective, randomised, double-blind trial was designed and patients undergoing arthroscopy of the wrist under general anaesthesia as a day case were recruited for the study. Levo-bupivacaine was used for both techniques. The effects were evaluated using a ten-point visual analogue scale, and the use of analgesic agents was also compared. The primary outcomes for statistical analyses were the mean pain scores and the use of analgesia post-operatively.

A total of 34 patients (63% females) were recruited to the portal and joint infiltration group and 32 patients (59% males) to the wrist block group. Mean age was 40.8 years in the first group and 39.7 years in the second group (p > 0.05). Both techniques provided effective pain relief in the first hour and 24 hours post-operatively but wrist block gave better pain scores at bedtime on the day of surgery (p = 0.007) and at 24 hours post-operatively (p = 0.006).

Wrist block provides better and more reliable analgesia in patients undergoing arthroscopy of the wrist without exposing patients to the risk of chondrotoxicity.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1250–6.
Similar incidence of periprosthetic fluid collections after ceramic-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasties and metal-on-metal resurfacing arthroplasties
Authors: Bisseling P. , de Wit B. W. K. , Hol A. M. , van Gorp M. J. , van Kampen A , van Susante J. L. C.
Published: September 2015

Patients from a randomised trial on resurfacing hip arthroplasty (RHA) (n = 36, 19 males; median age 57 years, 24 to 65) comparing a conventional 28 mm metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty (MoM THA) (n = 28, 17 males; median age 59 years, 37 to 65) and a matched control group of asymptomatic patients with a 32 mm ceramic-on-polyethylene (CoP) THA (n = 33, 18 males; median age 63 years, 38 to 71) were cross-sectionally screened with metal artefact reducing sequence-MRI (MARS-MRI) for pseudotumour formation at a median of 55 months (23 to 72) post-operatively. MRIs were scored by consensus according to three different classification systems for pseudotumour formation.

Clinical scores were available for all patients and metal ion levels for MoM bearing patients.

Periprosthetic lesions with a median volume of 16 mL (1.5 to 35.9) were diagnosed in six patients in the RHA group (17%), one in the MoM THA group (4%) and six in the CoP group (18%). The classification systems revealed no clear differences between the groups. Solid lesions (n = 3) were exclusively encountered in the RHA group. Two patients in the RHA group and one in the MoM THA group underwent a revision for pseudotumour formation. There was no statistically significant relationship between clinical scoring, metal ion levels and periprosthetic lesions in any of the groups.

Periprosthetic fluid collections are seen on MARS-MRI after conventional CoP THA and RHA and may reflect a soft-tissue collection or effusion.

Currently available MRI classification systems seem to score these collections as pseudotumours, causing an-overestimatation of the incidence of pseudotumours.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1175–82.
Femoroacetabular impingement osteoplasty
Authors: Loh B. W. , Stokes C. M. , Miller B. G. , Page R. S.
Published: September 2015

There is an increased risk of fracture following osteoplasty of the femoral neck for cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Resection of up to 30% of the anterolateral head–neck junction has previously been considered to be safe, however, iatrogenic fractures have been reported with resections within these limits. We re-evaluated the amount of safe resection at the anterolateral femoral head–neck junction using a biomechanically consistent model.

In total, 28 composite bones were studied in four groups: control, 10% resection, 20% resection and 30% resection. An axial load was applied to the adducted and flexed femur. Peak load, deflection at time of fracture and energy to fracture were assessed using comparison groups.

There was a marked difference in the mean peak load to fracture between the control group and the 10% resection group (p < 0.001). The control group also tolerated significantly more deflection before failure (p < 0.04). The mean peak load (p = 0.172), deflection (p = 0.547), and energy to fracture (p = 0.306) did not differ significantly between the 10%, 20%, and 30% resection groups.

Any resection of the anterolateral quadrant of the femoral head–neck junction for FAI significantly reduces the load-bearing capacity of the proximal femur. After initial resection of cortical bone, there is no further relevant loss of stability regardless of the amount of trabecular bone resected.

Based on our findings we recommend any patients who undergo anterolateral femoral head–neck junction osteoplasty should be advised to modify their post-operative routine until cortical remodelling occurs to minimise the subsequent fracture risk.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1214–19.
Cost–effectiveness of volar locking plate versus percutaneous fixation for distal radial fractures
Authors: Karantana A. , Scammell B. E. , Davis T. R. C. , Whynes D. K.
Published: September 2015

This study compares the cost-effectiveness of treating dorsally displaced distal radial fractures with a volar locking plate and percutaneous fixation. It was performed from the perspective of the National Health Service (NHS) using data from a single-centre randomised controlled trial. In total 130 patients (18 to 73 years of age) with a dorsally displaced distal radial fracture were randomised to treatment with either a volar locking plate (n = 66) or percutaneous fixation (n = 64). The methodology was according to National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance for technology appraisals. .

There were no significant differences in quality of life scores between groups at any time point in the study. Both groups returned to baseline one year post-operatively.

NHS costs for the plate group were significantly higher (p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval 497 to 930). For an additional £713, fixation with a volar locking plate offered 0.0178 additional quality-adjusted life years in the year after surgery. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for plate fixation relative to percutaneous fixation at list price was £40 068. When adjusting the prices of the implants for a 20% hospital discount, the ICER was £31 898. Patients who underwent plate fixation did not return to work earlier.

We found no evidence to support the cost-effectiveness, from the perspective of the NHS, of fixation using a volar locking plate over percutaneous fixation for the operative treatment of a dorsally displaced radial fracture.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1264–70.
Life- and limb-threatening infections following the use of an external fixator
Authors: Jauregui J. J. , Bor N. , Thakral R. , Standard S. C. , Paley D. , Herzenberg J. E.
Published: September 2015

External fixation is widely used in orthopaedic and trauma surgery. Infections around pin or wire sites, which are usually localised, non-invasive, and are easily managed, are common. Occasionally, more serious invasive complications such as necrotising fasciitis (NF) and toxic shock syndrome (TSS) may occur.

We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent external fixation between 1997 and 2012 in our limb lengthening and reconstruction programme. A total of eight patients (seven female and one male) with a mean age of 20 years (5 to 45) in which pin/wire track infections became limb- or life-threatening were identified. Of these, four were due to TSS and four to NF. Their management is described. A satisfactory outcome was obtained with early diagnosis and aggressive medical and surgical treatment.

Clinicians caring for patients who have external fixation and in whom infection has developed should be aware of the possibility of these more serious complications. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are required in order to obtain a satisfactory outcome.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1296–1300.
The head–shaft angle of the hip in early childhood
Authors: van der List J. P. , Witbreuk M. M. , Buizer A. I. , A. van der Sluijs J.
Published: September 2015

The recognition of hips at risk of displacement in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is a difficult problem for the orthopaedic surgeon. The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and head–shaft angle (HSA) are prognostic factors for hip displacement. However, reference values for HSA are lacking. This study describes and compares the development of HSA in normal hips and children with CP.

We selected 33 children from a retrospective cohort with unilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) (five boys, 28 girls) and 50 children (35 boys, 15 girls) with CP with GMFCS levels II to V. HSA of normal developing hips was measured at the contralateral hip of unilateral DDH children (33 hips) and HSA of CP children was measured in both hips (100 hips). Measurements were taken from the radiographs of the children at age two, four and seven years. The normal hip HSA decreased by 2° per year (p < 0.001). In children with CP with GMFCS levels II and III HSA decreased by 0.6° (p = 0.046) and 0.9° (p = 0.049) per year, respectively. The HSA did not alter significantly in GMFCS levels IV and V.

Between the ages of two and eight years, the HSA decreases in normal hips and CP children with GMFCS level, II to III but does not change in GMFCS levels IV to V. As HSA has a prognostic value for hip displacement, these reference values may help the orthopaedic surgeon to predict future hip displacement in children with CP.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1291–5.
Isolated revision of an acetabular component to a ceramic-on-ceramic bearing in patients under 50 years of age
Authors: Kim Y-H. , Park J-W. , Kim J-S.
Published: September 2015

A number of studies have reported satisfactory results from the isolated revision of an acetabular component. However, many of these studies reported only the short- to intermediate-term results of heterogeneous bearing surfaces in a mixed age group.

We present our experience of using a ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) bearing for isolated revision of an uncemented acetabular component in 166 patients (187 hips) who were under the age of 50 years at the time of revision. There were 78 men and 88 women with a mean age of 47.4 years (28 to 49). The most common reason for revision was polyethylene wear and acetabular osteolysis in 123 hips (66%), followed by aseptic loosening in 49 hips (26%).

We report the clinical and radiological outcome, complication rate, and survivorship of this group. The mean duration of follow-up was 15.6 years (11 to 19).

The mean pre-operative Harris hip score was 33 points (1 to 58), and improved to a mean of 88 points (51 to 100) at follow-up. The mean pre-operative total Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score was 63.2 (43 to 91) and improved to 19.8 points (9 to 61) post-operatively. Overall, 153 of 166 patients (92%) were satisfied with their outcome. Kaplan–Meier survivorship analysis, with revision or radiological evidence of implant failure (13 patients, 8%) as end-points, was 92% at 15 years (95% confidence interval 0.89 to 0.97).

Isolated revision of a cementless acetabular component using a CoC bearing gives good results in patients under 50 years of age.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1197–1203.
Arthroscopic fixation of an avulsion fracture of the tibia involving the posterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Chen L. B. , Wang H. , Tie K. , Mohammed A. , Qi Y. J.
Published: September 2015

A total of 22 patients with a tibial avulsion fracture involving the insertion of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) with grade II or III posterior laxity were reduced and fixed arthroscopically using routine anterior and double posteromedial portals. A double-strand Ethibond suture was inserted into the joint and wrapped around the PCL from anterior to posterior to secure the ligament above the avulsed bony fragment. Two tibial bone tunnels were created using the PCL reconstruction guide, aiming at the medial and lateral borders of the tibial bed. The ends of the suture were pulled out through the bone tunnels and tied over the tibial cortex between the openings of the tunnels to reduce and secure the bony fragment. Satisfactory reduction of the fracture was checked arthroscopically and radiographically.

The patients were followed-up for a mean of 24.5 months (19 to 28). Bone union occurred six weeks post-operatively. At final follow-up, all patients had a negative posterior drawer test and a full range of movement. KT-1000 arthrometer examination showed that the mean post-operative side-to-side difference improved from 10.9 mm (standard deviation (sd) 0.7) pre-operatively to 1.5 mm (sd 0.6) (p = 0.001). The mean Tegner and the International Knee Documentation Committee scores improved significantly (p = 0.001). The mean Lysholm score at final follow-up was 92.0 (85 to 96).

We conclude that this technique is convenient, reliable and minimally invasive and successfully restores the stability and function of the knee.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1220–5.
Informed consent
Authors: Foy M. A.
Published: September 2015

A recent Supreme Court ruling in the United Kingdom has significantly altered the emphasis of informed consent, moving from a historically ‘doctor-focused’ to a more ‘patient-focused’ approach, in line with the situation in other international jurisdictions.

The reasons for the change are discussed with some recommendations about how our attitudes need to change in the future.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1159–61.
Short Communication: Isolation and biochemical characterization of Rhizobium strains from nodules of lentil and pea in Tarai agro-ecosystem, Pantnagar, India
Authors: UPADHAYAY SANDEEP PRAKASH , PAREEK NAVNEET , MISHRA GAURAV
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Upadhayay SP, Pareek N, Mishra G. 2015. Isolation and biochemical characterization of Rhizobium strains from nodules of lentil and pea in Tarai agro-ecosystem, Pantnagar, India. Nusantara Bioscience 7: 73-76. Root nodules were collected from young and healthy seedling of Pisum sativum L and Lens culinaris L from the field at different locations of Norman E. Borloug Crop Research Center, G.B.P.U.A. & T., Pantnagar, Uttarakhand state, India. Fifteen Rhizobium strains were isolated from the root nodule of P. sativum and L. culinaris and characterized by standard tests. All strains were gram-negative and did not absorb red color when cultured in YEMA containing congo red. In the ketolactose test yellowish zone of Cu2O not found. Also, isolates showed either poor or no growth on the glucose peptone medium after one day which is indicating character of rhizobia Thirteen isolates were fast grower and only two were slow growers which is confirmed by bromothymol blue test. Results confirmed that isolated strains were Rhizobium.
Colonization of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and History of Hospitalization: how strong do they correlate in ICU Patients?
Authors: Amalia Beladenta , Saharman Yulia Rosa
Published: September 2015

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) which has been quite an endemic in many healthcare facilities, especially in the Intensive Care Unite (ICU) of hospitals. History of patients hospitalization before ICU admission has been considered to be one of the risk factors for MRSA colonization in patients. Problems arised after knowing that ICU patients with MRSA colonization are at high risk of MRSA infection. Therefore, we require data of MRSA colonization associated history of patients hospitalization before ICU admission in hopes that the incidence of MRSA colonization in Indonesia hospitals can be reduced. This is an analytical cross sectional study using secondary data results from microbiological examination of swabs (nose, underarms, and rectum) and medical records of 109 patients from the Central ICU RSCM on January 2011 until August 2011. Sample selection was conducted by consecutive sampling. Microbiological examination results which were used in this study were the results of MRSA resistance test both in patients who had history of hospitalization before ICU admission and those who did not. Data was analyzed using Chi-squared test. The result of comparing data between the proportion of patients with positive MRSA colonization and had history of hospitalization to the proportion of patients with positive MRSA colonization but did not have history of hospitalization was PR (prevalence ratio)=1,206 with significance value p=0,307 and CI95% -3,087; 5,499. This suggests that history of patients hospitalization before ICU admission was not the only factor to affect MRSA colonization. Antibiotic administrations and prior contact with MRSA carrier in the community might be other risk factors which may obscure this result. It indicates that hospitals should conduct routine MRSA colonization screening to all patients, regardless of their history of hospitalization, as a standard precaution for infection control.
Exercise-induced modulation of gut microbiota in rats with metabolic syndromes
Authors: Castro Alinne , Petriz Bernardo
Published: September 2015

Obesity and diabetes mellitus are multifactor diseases associated to cardiovascular disorders that affect huge proportion of our society. Growing evidence suggests that gut microbes contribute to several pathological conditions as well as the exercise is a well-known agent used for numerous pathologies treatments, such as obesity and hypertension. As only a small fraction of the bacterial communities present in the gut can be in vitro cultured, barcode 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing from fecal samples collected before and after exercise training was used for to access the relationship between controlled exercise training and gut microbiota composition in the obese (OB), non-obese rats (WISTAR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The central hypothesis of this study was that controlled exercise would lead to significant changes in the composition of gut microbial communities.
The evolution of head structures in lower Diptera
Authors: Schneeberg Katharina , Beutel Rolf G
Published: September 2015

The head of adult dipterans is mainly characterized by modifications and more or less far-reaching reductions of the mouthparts (e.g., mandibles and maxillae), linked with the specialization on liquid food and the reduced necessity to process substrates mechanically. In contrast, the compound eyes and the antennae, sense organs used for orientation and for finding a suitable mating partner and oviposition site, are well developed. Some evolutionary novelties are specific adaptations to feeding on liquefied substrates, such as labellae with furrows or pseudotracheae on their surface, and the strongly developed pre– and postcerebral pumping apparatuses. In some dipteran groups specialized on blood, the mandibles are still present as piercing stylets. They are completely reduced in the vast majority of families. Within the group far-reaching modifications of the antennae take place, with a strongly reduced number of segments and a specific configuration in Brachycera. The feeding habits and mouthparts of dipteran larvae are much more diverse than in the adults. The larval head is prognathous and fully exposed in the dipteran groundplan and most groups of lower Diptera. In Tipuloidea and Brachycera it is partly or largely retracted, and the sclerotized elements of the external head capsule are partly or fully reduced. The larval head of Cyclorrhapha is largely reduced. A complex and unique feature of this group is the cephaloskeleton. The movability of the larvae is limited due to the lack of thoracic legs. This can be partly compensated by the mouthparts, which are involved in locomotion in different groups. The mouth hooks associated with the cyclorrhaphan cephaloskeleton provide anchorage in the substrate.
»Wie Lili zu einem richtigen Mädchen wurde«
Authors: Meyer Sabine
Published: September 2015

Verwoben in neue Narrative erlebt die Figur »Lili Elbe« gegenwärtig eine populärkulturelle Renaissance. Projektionsfläche für öffentliche Verhandlungen von Geschlecht und Identität wird sie jedoch schon zur Weimarer Zeit. Vermeintlich als Mann geboren und operativ transformiert avanciert Elbe 1931 zum Sinnbild moderner Medizin: perfekter Hermaphrodit und erste technologisch geschaffene Frau zugleich. Über ihre mediale Präsenz figuriert sie zudem als Prisma für subjektivitätsregulierende Diskurse. Sabine Meyers transdisziplinäre Studie nimmt sich der komplexen Zusammenhänge hinter der Projektion erstmals umfassend an und eröffnet neue und kritische Perspektiven für eine Historiographie von Trans*.
Bildung und Zugehörigkeit in der Migrationsgesellschaft
Authors: Schwendowius Dorothee
Published: September 2015

Studierende und Pädagog*innen »mit Migrationsgeschichte« sind seit einiger Zeit in den Fokus hochschulischer und bildungspolitischer Diskurse gerückt. Auf der Basis erzählter Lebensgeschichten untersucht Dorothee Schwendowius die Bildungswege und biographischen Erfahrungen von Studierenden im Kontext migrationsgesellschaftlicher Differenzverhältnisse. Sie rekonstruiert Prozesse der Bildungsteilhabe und Selbstverortung von Lehramts- und Pädagogikstudierenden aus einer biographie- und zugehörigkeitstheoretischen Sicht. Mit der Fokussierung der Universität als Raum für Bildungs- und Zugehörigkeitserfahrungen liefert die Studie einen differenzierten Beitrag zu einem bislang wenig beachteten Aspekt biographie- und migrationswissenschaftlicher Forschung.
Open source and DIY hardware for DNA nanotechnology labs
Authors: R. Damase Tulsi , Stephens Daniel , Spencer Adam , B. Allen Peter
Published: September 2015

A set of instruments and specialized equipment is necessary to equip a laboratory to work with DNA. Reducing the barrier to entry for DNA manipulation should enable and encourage new labs to enter the field. We present three examples of open source/DIY technology with significantly reduced costs relative to commercial equipment. This includes a gel scanner, a horizontal PAGE gel mold, and a homogenizer for generating DNA-coated particles. The overall cost savings obtained by using open source/DIY equipment was between 50 and 90%.
Estudo numérico de escoamentos turbulentos com convecção forçada em cavidades cilíndricas: comparação entre LES e RANS
Authors: De Andrade Thiago Smith Vasconcellos Coimbra , Rodrigues Marco Paulsen , Isoldi Liércio André , Souza Jeferson Avila , Centeno Felipe Roman , Rocha Luiz Alberto Oliveira , França Francis Henrique Ramos , Dos Santos Elizaldo Domingues
Published: September 2015

O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo numérico comparando o emprego da Simulação de Grandes Escalas (LES) e Modelagem Clássica (RANS) com o modelo k – ε para a predição dos campos médios e estatísticos em um escoamento turbulento com convecção forçada em cavidades cilíndricas (escoamento de base cisalhante livre) a ReD = 22000 e Pr = 0.71. No âmbito da convecção forçada, o principal propósito é verificar se o uso das diferentes metodologias para abordagem da turbulência pode conduzir a diferenças consideráveis nos fluxos convectivos nas superfícies da cavidade. Além disso, as diferenças dos campos médios e estatísticos de temperatura também são importantes para futuras análises de escoamentos com mecanismos combinados de convecção e radiação térmica em meios participantes, i.e., investigando a influência das Interações Turbulência-Radiação (TRI). As equações de conservação são resolvidas através do Método de Volumes Finitos (FVM). Os resultados revelaram que o jato apresentou uma maior penetração na cavidade cilíndrica para a simulação realizada com LES, enquanto um maior espalhamento radial foi observado no caso com o modelo RANS k - ε. Apesar de apresentarem uma tendência similar, diferenças significativas foram observadas para os campos médios, estatísticos e fluxos convectivos preditos com LES e RANS.
Análise bidimensional do processo de fusão de um material de mudança de fase em uma cavidade retangular
Authors: Borahel Rafael Da Silveira , Raymundo Júnior João Fidelio , Oliveski Rejane De Césaro
Published: September 2015

Os materiais de mudança de fase podem ser utilizados em sistemas de armazenamento térmico de diferentes áreas da indústria, desta forma, a sua utilização nos sistemas de armazenamento de energia térmica apresenta-se como uma alternativa interessante para a otimização de uma grande gama de processos industriais. Levando em conta o aspecto inovador da utilização dos materiais de mudança de fase para armazenar/liberar energia na forma de calor latente, objetivou-se neste estudo, analisar numericamente o processo de fusão do eritritol contido em uma cavidade retangular, isto levando em conta a influência de variáveis geométricas, bem como, a temperatura a qual o sistema está submetido. O software comercial ANSYS FLUENT-14, foi utilizado para a execução de todas as simulações numéricas, em regime transiente, necessárias para a resolução do problema apresentado. Diferentes critérios de convergência foram adotados em todas as simulações realizadas. Dois tipos de validação numérica foram aqui realizadas, sendo estas: validação qualitativa e validação quantitativa. Resultados obtidos demonstram que a altura da cavidade não influencia de forma significativamente o tempo de derretimento do material utilizado, contudo, uma grande influência da temperatura da parede de aquecimento foi encontrada no tempo necessário para a completa fusão do material.
Análise da influência de parâmetros construtivos no funcionamento de um equipamento de infusão mecanizada
Authors: Bonow Vinícius Timm , Macedo Fabiano Jorge , Dos Santos Elizaldo Domingues , Ferreira dos Santos Fabiane Binsfeld , De Mello Felipe Bier , Isoldi Liércio André
Published: September 2015

O presente trabalho possui como objetivo a caracterização de um problema encontrado em uma linha de produção de bombas de infusão peristáltica linear, com a utilização de um software capaz de interpretar dados experimentais por meio de análise estatística. O problema encontrado foi que ao se verificar a pressão máxima que o equipamento atingia, o mesmo não atendia os critérios de liberação do produto, o que ocasionaria uma possível vazão livre, podendo levar a óbito o paciente que por ventura viesse a utilizar o equipamento. Esta caracterização foi realizada através de experimentos, onde se verificou a influência de cada componente na pressão máxima do equipamento (refluxo), a qual existe uma especificação de um valor mínimo e máximo para a sua conformidade. Foram montadas várias configurações para o equipamento, variando uma peça específica e fixando as demais, obtendo assim várias respostas de pressão de refluxo. Após toda a coleta de dados, analisou-se, através do software de análise estatística MINITAB, os dados coletados, obtendo assim a peça mais crítica, onde devido a alguma variação desta, seria grande a influência na variável pressão de refluxo. Foi gerada uma reta de regressão com todos estes componentes e suas influências, tendo como resposta a pressão máxima da configuração inserida na reta. Com isso foi possível validar esta reta experimentalmente e analiticamente e redefinir as especificações de cada componente, considerando qualquer variação de lote de fornecimento ou tipo de peça, assegurando que o equipamento desenvolverá sua função de maneira segura e adequada.
Análise numérica da flambagem térmica em placas finas de aço
Authors: Helbig Daniel , Michaello Roberta Da Silva , Dos Santos Elizaldo Domingues , Real Mauro De Vasconcellos , Rocha Luiz Alberto Oliveira , Isoldi Liércio André
Published: September 2015

Placas finas de aço são elementos estruturais muito utilizados em diversas aplicações de engenharia, como em plataformas offshore, pontes, navios, aviões e automóveis. Porém, em algumas  situações específicas as placas podem sofrer flambagem térmica, que é uma deflexão lateral causada simplesmente por um aumento de temperatura (variação crítica de temperatura). Este artigo utilizou um modelo computacional desenvolvido no software ANSYS, que é baseado no Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF), para tratar o problema da flambagem térmica em placas. O modelo numérico foi verificado através da comparação de seus resultados com a solução analítica do problema. Foram analisadas placas com diferentes relações de H/L, sendo H a altura e L o comprimento da placa. Além disso, diferentes espessuras para a placa foram também consideradas. Os resultados indicam que o aumento da variação crítica de temperatura está relacionado tanto ao aumento da relação H/L como também com o aumento da espessura da placa.
Análise Numérica do Comportamento Mecânico de Placas Finas Perfuradas de Materiais Compósitos sob Flexão
Authors: Troian Sandro , Cardoso da Silva Caio Cesar , Oliveira Rocha Luiz Alberto , Domingues dos Santos Elizaldo , Isoldi Liércio André , Vasconcellos Real Mauro
Published: September 2015

Este trabalho busca analisar numericamente o comportamento mecânico de placas de dois materiais compósitos submetidas à flexão causada por um carregamento estático transversal uniforme, comparando com o comportamento de uma placa de material isotrópico. Todas as placas estudadas possuem uma perfuração elíptica centralizada. De acordo com o método Constructal Design, esse furo elíptico pode variar em função do parâmetro H0/L0 (relação entre os semi-eixos da elipse), entretanto a relação entre o volume da perfuração e o volume da placa (φ) é mantida constante. Dessa maneira é possível avaliar a influência da geometria do furo no comportamento mecânico das placas, tendo como objetivo minimizar a deflexão sofrida pela placa. Além disso, foram consideradas ainda três condições de vinculação para as placas: apoiada nos quatro lados, engastada nos quatro lados e apoiada em dois lados e engastada nos outros dois. Um modelo computacional desenvolvido no software ANSYS, que é baseado no Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF), foi empregado para simular numericamente a flexão nas placas. Os resultados mostraram que a geometria do furo pode influenciar de maneira significativa na performance das placas como componentes estruturais. Melhorias de até aproximadamente 115% foram obtidas para a deflexão máxima da placa.
Modelagem computacional aplicada à flambagem elástica de colunas
Authors: Alonso Renata Costa de Almeida , Lima Diego Souza de , Gomes Matheus , Real Mauro De Vasconcellos , Santos Elizaldo Domingues dos , Isoldi Liércio André
Published: September 2015

Flambagem é um fenômeno de instabilidade que ocorre em elementos estruturais esbeltos submetidos à carregamento de compressão. A flambagem elástica é caracterizada por uma repentina deflexão lateral do membro estrutural esbelto, quando a carga crítica de flambagem é atingida. Em colunas a flambagem elástica é considerada o colapso da estrutura. O objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar três diferentes modelos computacionais para tratar a flambagem elástica de colunas. O software ANSYS, que é baseado no Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF), foi adotado para desenvolver esses modelos, empregando os elementos BEAM189, SHELL93 e SOLID45. As condições de contorno e a carga compressiva devem ser aplicadas de maneira específica em cada modelo, dependendo das características do elemento finito. As seguintes condições de contorno para a coluna foram consideradas: (a) birrotulada, (b) engastada-livre, (c) biengastada e (d) engastada-rotulada. As soluções analíticas, para as condições de contorno consideradas, foram usadas para a verificação dos modelos computacionais empregados. Todos os resultados numéricos obtidos estão em concordância com os analíticos, sendo a maior diferença encontrada de 2,83 %. Além disso, as formas flambadas das colunas obtidas numericamente também estão de acordo com as configurações teóricas. A vantagem para o uso dos modelos computacionais desenvolvidos com os elementos finitos SHELL93 e SOLID45 é a possibilidade de analisar colunas com furos ou com geometrias complexas.  

 
Avaliação do nível de segurança estrutural de pilares de concreto armado através de metodologia numérica
Authors: Magalhães Fábio Costa , Real Mauro De Vasconcellos , Silva Filho Luiz Carlos Pinto da , Pinheiro Leandro Cândido de Lemos
Published: September 2015

O projeto de uma estrutura de concreto armado envolve uma série de variáveis de caráter aleatório que podem ser de difícil mensuração. Dentre estas variáveis, pode ser destacada a grande variabilidade inerente às propriedades mecânicas do material, sobretudo a resistência à compressão do concreto. As incertezas decorrentes do processo de produção e controle tecnológico do concreto tendem a influenciar de forma decisiva a tomada de decisões acerca da probabilidade de falha e, consequente confiabilidade das estruturas. Este trabalho apresenta um modelo computacional de simulação do comportamento de pilares de concreto armado e consequente determinação da carga de ruptura baseado no Método dos Elementos Finitos. O modelo foi validado através da comparação com resultados experimentais presentes na literatura. Para a avaliação da segurança estrutural utilizou-se o valor do índice de confiabilidade (b); obtido através dos métodos de Monte Carlo e FORM. Os resultados mostram que o modelo é capaz de simular de forma confiável o comportamento da estrutura e assim inferir sobre o nível de confiabilidade destes elementos.
Constructal Design de um dispositivo de galgamento onshore em escala real para uma profundidade fixa
Authors: Goulart Marcelo Moraes , Martins Jaifer Corrêa , Gomes Mateus Das Neves , Acunha Jr Ivoni Carlos , Souza Jeferson Avila , Rocha Luiz Alberto Oliveira , Isoldi Liércio André , Dos Santos Elizaldo Domingues
Published: September 2015

O estudo a respeito das tecnologias e princípios de funcionamento de dispositivos de conversão de energia das ondas em energia elétrica (WEC) tem crescido sensivelmente. Entre os WECs estudados está o dispositivo de galgamento. O seu princípio físico de funcionamento consiste em uma rampa que guia a água das ondas incidentes para um reservatório localizado acima do nível médio do mar. A água acumulada no reservatório escoa através de uma turbina de baixa queda gerando energia elétrica. No presente trabalho é realizado um estudo numérico relacionado ao efeito da geometria da rampa sobre o desempenho de um dispositivo de galgamento onshore em escala real, empregando Constructal Design. O principal propósito aqui é avaliar a razão entre altura e comprimento da rampa (H1/L1) que maximiza a quantidade de água que entra no reservatório do dispositivo para uma distância entre o fundo do dispositivo e o fundo do tanque de S = 6.0 m. Nas presentes simulações, as equações de conservação de massa, quantidade de movimento e uma equação para o transporte da fração volumétrica são resolvidas com o método dos volumes finitos (MVF). Para abordar a mistura água e ar, o modelo multifásico Volume of Fluid (VOF) é empregado. Os resultados mostraram que as melhores geometrias são obtidas para as menores razões de H1/L1 para a profundidade analisada, contrariamente ao que foi observado em estudos preliminares da literatura para um dispositivo no meio do canal em escala de laboratório que simulava um dispositivo de galgamento do tipo offshore.
Desenvolvimento de um jogo sério para ensino sobre a elaboração, operação e manutenção de plantas industriais.
Authors: Barbat Mauro Medeiros , Dutra Nilo Cesar , Adamatti Diana Francisca , Werhli Adriano Velasque
Published: September 2015

A necessidade de desenvolvimento de ferramentas que auxiliem o educador no processo pedagógico e incentivem o aluno a manter-se atraído pelo assunto em pauta é de grande importância. Com base neste tema, este trabalho tem o propósito de desenvolver um jogo sério do tipo simulador, capaz de ser utilizado
por estudantes do ensino médio e superior, incentivando o aprendizado de tópicos de física e automação industrial, através da elaboração e experimentação de plantas industriais. Desta forma, proporcionando aos alunos um ambiente interativo para o estudo de fenômenos envolvidos em processos industriais que necessitem de demonstrações e ensaios práticos.
Estudo numérico de um arranjo triangular de cilindros submetidos a escoamento laminar com convecção forçada
Authors: Da Fonseca Suelem Grellert , Cardoso Felipe Rodrigues , Razera Andre Luiz , Isoldi Liércio André , Porte Anderson Favero , Rocha Luiz Alberto Oliveira , Dos Santos Elizaldo Domingues , Galarça Marcelo Moraes
Published: September 2015

O presente trabalho numérico estuda a transferência de calor por convecção forçada em um arranjo triangular de cilindros considerando um escoamento em regime laminar, bidimensional, incompressível, e transiente. A solução numérica (conservação de massa, quantidade de movimento e energia) foi obtida a partir de um código computacional baseado no método dos volumes finitos (FVM – Finite Volume Method). Para a otimização geométrica do arranjo de cilindros é empregado o Método Constructal Design. As simulações foram realizadas para escoamentos com números de Reynolds e Prandtl de ReD = 100 e Pr = 0.71. A otimização parte da avaliação de qual razão ST/D (passo transversal sobre o diâmetro) e SL/D (passo longitudinal sobre o diâmetro) que minimiza o coeficiente de arrasto e maximiza a taxa de transferência de calor (número de Nusselt) entre os cilindros e o escoamento circundante. Os resultados mostraram que o comportamento fluidodinâmico e térmico foram bastante influenciados pelas razões ST/D e SL/D. O coeficiente de arrasto (CD) mínimo foi encontrado para a configuração SL/D = 5.0 e ST/D = 1.5, e o máximo número de Nusselt (NuD) foi obtido para SL/D = 1.5 e ST/D = 5.5. Entretanto, os melhores arranjos considerando a função multi-objetivo (arrasto e transferência de calor) foram alcançados em uma região ótima e não para uma configuração específica. Dentre os casos analisados se destacaram as configurações SL/D = 5.0 e ST/D = 2.0 e SL/D = 5.0 e ST/D = 2.5, sendo que os dois primeiros valores trouxeram benefícios para o problema fluidodinâmico e os dois últimos valores apresentaram uma leve vantagem do ponto de vista térmico.