bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Soft Transparent Patient‐Specific Vascular Models with Stereolithographic 3D printing and Thiol‐Based Photopolymerizable Coatings
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Elnaz , Bosques‐Palomo Beatriz , Carmona‐Arriaga Francisco , Fabiani Mario Alejandro , Aguirre‐Soto Alan
Published: December 2023

An ideal vascular phantom should be anatomically accurate, have mechanical properties as close as possible to the tissue, and be sufficiently transparent for ease of visualization. However, materials that enable the convergence of these characteristics have remained elusive. The fabrication of patient‐specific vascular phantoms with high anatomical fidelity, optical transparency, and mechanical properties close to those of vascular tissue is reported. These final properties are achieved by 3D printing patient‐specific vascular models with commercial elastomeric acrylic‐based resins before coating them with thiol‐based photopolymerizable resins. Ternary thiol‐ene‐acrylate chemistry is found optimal. A PETMP/allyl glycerol ether (AGE)/polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) coating with a 30/70% AGE/PEGDA ratio applied on a flexible resin yielded elastic modulus, UTS, and elongation of 3.41 MPa, 1.76 MPa, and 63.2%, respectively, in range with the human aortic wall. The PETMP/AGE/PEGDA coating doubled the optical transmission from 40% to 80%, approaching 88% of the benchmark silicone‐based elastomer. Higher transparency correlates with a decrease in surface roughness from 2000 to 90 nm after coating. Coated 3D‐printed anatomical replicas are showcased for pre‐procedural planning and medical training with good radio‐opacity and echogenicity. Thiol‐click chemistry coatings, as a surface treatment for elastomeric stereolithographic 3D‐printed objects, address inherent limitations of photopolymer‐based additive manufacturing.
Preserving mesh quality in shape optimization
Authors: Onyshkevych Sofiya , Siebenborn Martin , Wollner Winnifried
Published: December 2023

In PDE‐constrained shape optimization, a lot of computational effort is used to update the geometry at every iteration step. This iterative process can result in loss of element quality and degeneracy of the underlying mesh, which is particularly relevant for applications involving large deformations of some parts of the domain. To avoid remeshing, we model the mesh deformation using the method of mappings. We use an extension equation that maps a boundary control variable to a deformation field defined over the entire domain. By using the nonlinear extension operator proposed in our previous work, we increase the set of reachable shapes, allowing us to model large deformations. We discuss how the choice of parameters of the extension equations affects the mesh quality and we study the influence of the extension factor on the convergence properties of the iterative solvers.
The stingless bee Trigona spinipes (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is at risk from a range of insecticides via direct ingestion and trophallactic exchanges
Authors: Pereira Renata Cunha , Vieira Júnior José Olívio Lopes , Barcelos João Victor Panisset Lima , Peçanha Ludimila Simões , França Thalles Alves , Mendonça Laís Viana Paes , da Silva Wanderson Rosa , Samuels Richard Ian , Silva Gerson Adriano
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

The stingless bee, Trigona spinipes, is an important pollinator of numerous native and cultivated plants. Trigona spinipes populations can be negatively impacted by insecticides commonly used for pest control in crops. However, this species has been neglected in toxicological studies. Here we observed the effects of seven insecticides on the survival of bees that had fed directly on insecticide‐contaminated food sources or received insecticides via trophallactic exchanges between nestmates. The effects of insecticides on flight behavior were also determined for the compounds considered to be of low toxicity.

RESULTS

Imidacloprid, spinosad and malathion were categorized as highly toxic to T. spinipes, whereas lambda‐cyhalothrin, methomyl and chlorfenapyr were of medium to low toxicity and interfered with two aspects of flight behavior evaluated here. Chlorantraniliprole was the only insecticide tested here that had no significant effect on T. spinipes survival, although it did interfere with one aspect of flight capacity. A single bee that had ingested malathion, spinosad or imidacloprid, could contaminate three, four and nineteen other bees, respectively via trophallaxis, resulting in the death of the recipients.

CONCLUSION

This is the first study to evaluate the ecotoxicology of a range of insecticides that not only negatively affected T. spinipes survival, but also interfered with flight capacity, a very important aspect of pollination behavior. The toxicity of the insecticides was observed following direct ingestion and also via trophallactic exchanges between nestmates, highlighting the possibility of lethal effects of these insecticides spreading throughout the colony, reducing the survival of non‐foraging individuals. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The microRNA‐193a‐5p induced ROS production and disturbed colocalization between STAT3 and androgen receptor play critical roles in cornin induced apoptosis
Authors: Choi Jhin‐Baek , Sim Deok Yong , Lee Hyo‐Jung , Park Ji Eon , Ahn Chi‐Hoon , Park Su‐Yeon , Ko Hwan‐Joo , Khil Jae‐Ho , Shim Bum‐Sang , Kim Bonglee , Kim Sung‐Hoon
Published: December 2023

Though cornin is known to induce angiogenic, cardioprotective, and apoptotic effects, the apoptotic mechanism of this iridoid monoglucoside is not fully understood in prostate cancer cells to date. To elucidate the antitumor mechanism of cornin, cytotoxicity assay, cell cycle analysis, Western blotting, RT‐qPCR, RNA interference, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, and inhibitor assay were applied in this work. Cornin exerted cytotoxicity, increased sub‐G1 population, and cleaved PARP and caspase3 in LNCaP cells more than in DU145 cells. Consistently, cornin suppressed phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and disrupted the colocalization of STAT3 and androgen receptor (AR) in LNCaP and DU145 cells, along with suppression of AR, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), and 5α‐reductase in LNCaP cells. Furthermore, cornin increased ROS production and the level of miR‐193a‐5p, while ROS inhibitor N‐acetylcysteine disturbed the ability of cornin to attenuate the expression of AR, p‐STAT3, PSA, pro‐PARP, and pro‐caspase3 in LNCaP cells. Notably, miR‐193a‐5p mimics the enhanced apoptotic effect of cornin, while miR‐193a‐5p inhibitor reverses the ability of cornin to abrogate AR, PSA, and STAT3 in LNCaP cells. Our findings suggest that ROS production and the disturbed crosstalk between STAT3 and AR by microRNA‐193a‐5p are critically involved in the apoptotic effect of cornin in prostate cancer cells.
Responsive pillar[n]arene materials
Authors: Tuo De‐Hui , Shi Tan‐Hao , Ohtani Shunsuke , Ogoshi Tomoki
Published: December 2023

Intelligent materials with responsive behaviors toward external stimuli, such as light, temperature, pH, redox, and solvent have been increasingly fascinating. Reversible noncovalent interactions provide an efficient way to construct stimuli‐responsive materials. Macrocyclic compounds, such as cyclodextrins, cucurbit[n]urils, calix[n]arenes, crown ethers, and related macrocycles, are useful skeletons for constructing such materials through host–guest interactions. Pillar[n]arenes are pillar‐shaped macrocyclic hosts developed by our groups in 2008, in which the repeated 1,4‐dialkoxybenzene units are connected by methylene bridges at the para position. The versatile functionality, easy modification, excellent size‐dependent host–guest complexation, and adjustable electron density of the cavity endow pillar[n]arenes with excellent properties compared with other cyclic host molecules. Moreover, the unique planar chirality and chirality inversion generated by unit rotation make pillar[n]arenes ideal platforms for investigating chirality inversion, induction, and transformation. In this review, we describe stimuli‐responsive topological, optical, chiroptical, supramolecular assemblies, and solid‐state materials based on the host–guest complexation and structural regulation of pillar[n]arenes.
Electrochemical Intercalation and Exfoliation of CrSBr into Ferromagnetic Fibers and Nanoribbons
Authors: Mosina Kseniia , Wu Bing , Antonatos Nikolas , Luxa Jan , Mazánek Vlastimil , Söll Aljoscha , Sedmidubsky David , Klein Julian , Ross Frances M. , Sofer Zdeněk
Published: December 2023

Recent studies dedicated to layered van der Waals crystals have attracted significant attention to magnetic atomically thin crystals offering unprecedented opportunities for applications in innovative magnetoelectric, magneto‐optic, and spintronic devices. The active search for original platforms for the low‐dimensional magnetism study has emphasized the entirely new magnetic properties of two dimensional (2D) semiconductor CrSBr. Herein, for the first time, the electrochemical exfoliation of bulk CrSBr in a non‐aqueous environment is demonstrated. Notably, crystal cleavage governed by the structural anisotropy occurred along two directions forming atomically thin and few‐layered nanoribbons. The exfoliated material possesses an orthorhombic crystalline structure and strong optical anisotropy, showing the polarization dependencies of Raman signals. The antiferromagnetism exhibited by multilayered CrSBr gives precedence to ferromagnetic ordering in the revealed CrSBr nanostructures. Furthermore, the potential application of CrSBr nanoribbons is pioneered for electrochemical photodetector fabrication and demonstrates its responsivity up to 30 µA cm−2 in the visible spectrum. Moreover, the CrSBr‐based anode for lithium‐ion batteries exhibited high performance and self‐improving abilities. This anticipates that the results will pave the way toward the future study of CrSBr and practical applications in magneto‐ and optoelectronics.
FPGA Live Migration of Content‐Based Anonymization Mechanism with Network Consistency
Authors: Toyohara Tokimasa , Yamamoto Koutarou , Nishi Hiroaki
Published: December 2023

In smart communities, data are aggregated, and various services are provided based on it. When considering the optimization of service delivery through cooperative processing between the edge and the cloud in smart communities, it is essential to realize network transparent edge services due to the constraints of not touching end devices in order to improve user convenience and additional cost reduction. Moreover, considering the minimization of service provision and service delivery latency at the edge, it is desirable to use field‐programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), which have lower power consumption, lower latency, and higher throughput than conventional processors. Additionally, to advance towards even lower latency, the distribution of processing load is important, and service migration is necessary for this purpose. Service migration is generally used to increase service availability, and even for edge services, service migration is important because the distribution of processing and the location where the service should be provided changes over time due to user mobility. When considering network transparency, service migration should be performed on the communication path between the end device and the cloud. Furthermore, to enhance service transparency, it is essential to maintain communication consistency for continuous service provision and minimize service downtime. Therefore, this study proposes a migration mechanism with FPGAs to satisfy these requirements. As an example of a real application, we target a network‐transparent data anonymization application to protect the privacy of data providers and evaluate the proposed architecture based on the reality of latency and other factors. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Endoscopic management of duodenal perforation caused by foreign bodies in adults: A retrospective study
Authors: Ma Li‐Yun , Liu Zu‐Qiang , Wang Ye , Wang Tao , Sun Guang‐bin , Wang Li , Fan Ke‐Yang , Liu Jing‐Zheng , Ma Li‐Li , Qin Wen‐Zheng , Hu Jian‐Wei , Cai Ming‐Yan , Zhang Guo‐Liang , Li Quan‐Lin , Zhou Ping‐Hong
Published: December 2023

Background and Aims

Duodenal perforation caused by foreign bodies (FBs) is very rare but is an urgent emergency that traditionally requires surgical intervention. Several case reports have reported the successful endoscopic removal of duodenal perforating FBs. Here we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic management of duodenal perforating FBs in adults.

Methods

Between October 2004 and October 2022, 12,851 patients with endoscopically diagnosed gastrointestinal FBs from four tertiary hospitals in China were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were enrolled if they were endoscopically and/or radiographically diagnosed with duodenal perforating FBs.

Results

The incidence of duodenal total FBs and perforating FBs was 1.9% and 0.3%, respectively. Thirty‐four patients were enrolled. Endoscopic removal was achieved in 25 patients (73.5%), and nine patients (26.5%) received surgery. For the endoscopic group, most perforating FBs were located in the duodenal bulb (36.0%) and descending part (28.0%). The adverse events included 3 mucosal injuries and 1 localized peritonitis. All patients were cured after conventional treatment. In the surgical group, most FBs were lodged in the descending part (55.6%). One patient developed localized peritonitis and one patient died of multiple organ failure. The significant features of FBs requiring surgery included FB over 10 cm, both sides perforation, multiple perforating FBs and massive pus overflow.

Conclusion

Endoscopic removal of duodenal perforating FBs is safe and effective, and can be the first choice of treatment for experienced endoscopists. Surgical intervention may be required for patients with FBs over 10 cm, both sides perforation, multiple perforating FBs, or severe infections.
Subnational Level Data to Measure Gender (in)Equality in the EU: Opportunities and Limitations of Official Datasets
Authors: di Bella Enrico , Culotta Fabrizio
Published: December 2023

Over the past decades, the detail used to describe the socio-economic context through statistical indicators has evolved in several directions, one of which is the increasing territorial detail that has gone down to the sub-national level. Ongoing trends in gender equality measurement confirm the interest in a more geographically detailed analysis. Recent studies presented by the JRC or commissioned by the European Union’s DG-REGIO have gone precisely in this direction. The use of national indicators may in fact result in a ‘compensation’ effect that may hide very important differences within a single national territory. this is more true in those realities where historical/cultural events have led to known internal differences. This chapter discusses the importance of developing subnational level analyses for gender equality and at the same time assesses the availability of regional-level data within the Eurostat system.
Documenting Hybrid Mixed Media Art Forms: The Role of the Audience
Authors: Giannachi Gabriella
Published: December 2023

Documentation plays a key role in the conservation of art, yet a key factor in documentation, the role played by the audience in the design, experience and documentation of art, is generally overlooked. In complex hybrid artworks the role of the audience is key to understand how an artwork is conceived and received. While researchers and museums have started to address this gap, it remains to be seen how best to include both documentations about the role of the audience and documentations by the audience in museum documentation. The chapter looks into a number of case studies which illustrate the significance of the role of the audience in documenting contemporary art and discusses the responsibilities of researchers and museum professionals in facilitating the conservation of materials produced by and about the audience in their archives and/or collections.
Decision-Making for the Conservation and Presentation of Thermoelectronic Chewing Gum (1970), a Political Environment by Wolf Vostell
Authors: Giebeler Julia , Heydenreich Gunnar , Sartorius Andrea
Published: December 2023

The Decision-Making Model for Contemporary Art Conservation and Presentation (CICS 2019) was used for a case study on Wolf Vostell’s interactive electroacoustic environment from 1970, Thermoelectronic Chewing Gum (Thermo-Elektronischer Kaugummi, T.E.K.), to establish to what extent it can assist in complex situations to weigh and structure arguments, to identify and clarify dilemmas and conflicts, as well as to document and justify decisions so that they are comprehensible for future generations. The process records how external factors and the personal viewpoints of the various stakeholders can influence the form, function and impact of an artwork and shape its identity. This study analyses how as a political environment T.E.K. was variously interpreted during the last fifty years, displaying it at times in an altered or reduced form. The application of the decision-making model illustrates this complex biography as well as selected considerations and decision-making processes aimed at the long-term preservation of this work and its future display in 2022 in the Museum Ostwall in the Dortmunder U.
Artworks in Art Museums
Authors: Schatzki Theodore
Published: December 2023

This essay gives an overview of what is involved in using practices to analyze art in art museums. It begins by discussing the general use of theories of practices in this context, drawing a contrast with actor-network theory. The essay then conceptualizes art and art museums as parts of material arrangements, which people encounter as they carry on certain practices. Topics considered include the polysemy of art works, their contributions to spatiality, the multiple relations that link practices and art works, and the materiality of the works (including the contribution this materiality makes to their identity). A final section examines art works in relation to social change. It argues that, although art works of the sorts found in museums only rarely are directly responsible for social change—art in this regard is a conserving force—, they can importantly contribute indirectly to social change by altering minds.
The Felicitating Factor. Cinzia Ruggeri’s Clothing Project
Authors: Fava Elena
Published: December 2023

This paper sets out to shed light on the process that guided Cinzia Ruggeri in the elaboration of a unique clothing project that was eccentric to the 1980s Italian and international fashion scene, a process that allowed this stilista to activate collaborations with exponents of the world of art, design, literature, and music without disavowing the specificities of the fashion design practice. Cinzia Ruggeri was an atypical player inside the fashion system, presenting her creations at the Milanese prêt-à-porter fashion shows of the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s, stating her autonomy from seasonal trends and her sincere interest for change. Far from considering fashion a reflection of social and cultural changes, Ruggeri understood the power of fashion in affecting and bringing about these changes. Fashion, so inextricably linked to the desire for novelty, and clothing design so intimately connected to the body, allowed her to address the gestures, behaviours and therefore the experience of reality in transformation. Over the years she experimented with shapes and materials, creating objects that could be intellectually and physically enjoyed, pervaded by a signature trait – the “felicitating factor” – stemming from her direct and shared experience in creating her fashion project.
Operazione Arcevia. Existential Community. The Reality of the Experience and the Utopia of the Vision
Authors: Mazzanti Anna
Published: December 2023

Operazione Arcevia (OA) is an urban settlement project, born for the purpose of the social, economic, and touristic regeneration of a marginal area in the Marchigiane hills, characterized by its postwar exodus. Conceived between 1972 and 1974 on the initiative of the businessman Italo Bartoletti, like every newly constituted city it was designed with a political and cultural identity by the architect Ico Parisi in collaboration with two renowned critics (Cripolti and Restany), a psychologist, and a large number of artists (Arman, César, Ceroli, Soto, Staccioli, among others). OA remained in its germinal phase, and this was indeed its final result, the fruit of participative work presented at several exhibition events: Venice 1976; Rome 1979). In this ideal city imagined by the erudite group of operators, along with its utopian aspects, there are also practical ones and design hypotheses that can still inspire and provide food for thought: the close collaboration between planners and artists; anti-monumental intentions for art with a social nature and characterized by shared practice; built-up urban relations and the landscape dimension; the coexistence between productive and residential communities and temporary communities, both touristic, in terms of hospitality, and as a secular space in which to take refuge. Cooperating together with Parisi and the critics were 33 artists who together created tavole progettuali (design boards) that combined design, technical design, photographic images, and collages, i.e. fully-fledged works of art and creativity.
For a Novel and Transversal Narration of Extemporaneous Places of Artistic and Design Thinking
Authors: Bosoni Giampiero
Published: December 2023

Many public places in our cities, such as cafés, restaurants, dairies, theatre foyers, wine bars, brothels, bookshops, discos, art galleries, street corners and squares, have been historic and ritual points of reference for artists communities. Such environments whose particular “atmospheres” have created ideal places where these authors have met, known, admired, fought, and enjoyed themselves. Places in which they may also have shared fundamental moments as well as artistic and design intuitions. For different eras, yesterday as today, we pinpoint historical maps of the various cities with all the design studios together with the residences of the artists and architects themselves. If we draw the lines connecting these points, folding them along the different streets and squares these personalities might encountered, we then have created an intricate network of paths full of exciting twists and turns. It is easy to discover that some of these intersections correspond to public places where these personalities, more or less consciously, shared their lives, their passions and at the same time their projects and artistic researches.
Ustica, a Whole World in an Island Fragment
Authors: Ferrara Cinzia , Costa Marcello
Published: December 2023

In 2019, a memorandum of understanding has been signed by the Visual and Graphic Design Laboratory (part of the Design and Territorial Culture Master’s Degree Course) and the Study and Documentation Center operating on the Island of Ustica. The above-mentioned agreement officialises a synergic relationship of exchange between the Course and the Center, which has always been active in promoting knowledge and divulgation of the many island’s patrimonies. This knowledge allows both professors and students from the Design School in Palermo to access data, documents, and present research through publications, as well as having access to archival, textual and iconographic materials. The projects developed within the Laboratory, from 2018 to 2022, concern the development of artifacts in the fields of visual identity, editorial graphics, infographics, and interactive graphics. The afore-mentioned projects are all based on a digital archive, built through the collection of fragments during the first phase of the research. Territorial identity signs are re-interpreted according to new unprecedented points of view.
Craftmanship and Digitalization in the Italian Knitwear Industry. A Paradigm Shift for the Narrative of Made in Italy
Authors: Motta Martina , Conti Giovanni Maria , Lo Scocco Giulia , Didero Rachele
Published: December 2023

Knitwear is a consolidated industry in Italy and, at the same time, a typical expression of the Made in Italy paradigm linked to the ideas of craftsmanship. While, on the one hand, knitwear is associated with the idea of craft and manufacturing traditions, on the other hand, it is nowadays produced by numerical control machines (CNC) where the technological contribution and the level of automation are very relevant. The convergence of physical and digital environments, at the heart of the Fashion Industry 4.0 debate, is an established feature of knitwear design practice.

In the contemporary industrial scenario, knitted items are produced on digitally programmed machines through sophisticated software, and the manual contribution of the individual operator during the knitting phase is reduced to a minimum. In the light of these premises, this contribution questions the opportunity and value of the integration of digital technologies in the storytelling of traditional manufacturing without losing the power to evoke Made in Italy’s values such as quality, aesthetic refinement, and exclusivity. To analyze these issues, the authors report the case study of SMT – Società Manifattura Tessile, a leading knitting company where the technological presence equals that of traditional manufacturing craftmanship, keeping both elements at balance. The case study suggests the importance of the contemporary knitting craftsman to increasingly develop communication skills to make the relationship between technology and manufacturing explicit and possibly smoothly blend it with the Made in Italy archetypes.
Zusammenfassung: Ritualisierende Agency und rituelle Flexibilität
Authors: Ruther Lilo
Published: December 2023

Im Folgenden geht es darum, die Ergebnisse meiner Positionierungsanalysen in den thematischen Feldern Natur, Ritual und Differenz vergleichend zusammenzufassen. Zuvor sollen die vorgelegten Analysen aber vor dem theoretischen Hintergrund der eingangs dargestellten Konzepte von Ritualisierung und Agency reflektiert werden.
Fazit und Ausblick
Authors: Ruther Lilo
Published: December 2023

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit gemeinschaftsungebundenen Todesritualen in der Deutschschweiz. Dabei fragt sie danach, wie sich die Akteur*innen, die diese Todesrituale anbieten und gestalten, sozial positionieren, d. h. in dem bestehenden gesellschaftlichen und insbesondere religiösen Kontext verorten, welche Anknüpfungspunkte sie wahrnehmen und, wie sich selbst in Bezug auf die Handlungsmacht und Wirksamkeit ihrer Handlungen (agency) darstellen. Dabei wurde ausgehend von den Interviews mit den Ritualleitenden, den Prospekten und ausgewählten Ritualen nach den Selbstbildern der Ritualleiter*innen und den Aufgaben gefragt, die sie für ihre Tätigkeit beanspruchen.
Thematisches Feld Differenz
Authors: Ruther Lilo
Published: December 2023

Im Folgenden werde ich zunächst die Selbstbilder der Positionierung Differenz darstellen, die sich in Abgrenzung zu anderen Akteur*innen des Feldes der rituellen Begleitung des Todes darstellen und in denen eine rituelle, religiöse oder ökonomische Selbstermächtigung zum Ausdruck kommt. Dann werde ich die Aufgaben dieser Positionierung erläutern, die sich in einer situativen, reflexiven und sensiblen Bedürfnisorientierung niederschlagen. Im Agency-Unterkapitel beschreibe ich die vorherrschende Agencyform dieser Positionierung, die durch eine Handlungsform bestimmt wird, die durch Selbstermächtigung, das Ziel der Fremdermächtigung, Autonomie und Differenz gekennzeichnet ist. Die Deutungsmuster dieser Positionierung und ihre Bezüge zu den Deutungsmustern anderer Positionierungen schliessen dieses Kapitel ab. Die Deutungsmuster Bedürfnisorientierung, Freiheit und Unabhängigkeit, Universale Deutungen und Wirksamkeit durch Personalisierung und Anderssein als die Institutionen werden umfassend dargestellt.
Invitation to Change
Authors: Habbal Fawwaz , Kolmos Anette , Hadgraft Roger G. , Holgaard Jette Egelund , Reda Kamar
Published: December 2023

We invite you to make changes in your engineering programs.
Teaching and Learning Strategies
Authors: Habbal Fawwaz , Kolmos Anette , Hadgraft Roger G. , Holgaard Jette Egelund , Reda Kamar
Published: December 2023

There is not one type of curriculum that fits all institutions nor all students. The engineering programs are developed based on various learning principles and cultural conditions and represent different learning ecosystems. This chapter and chapter 7 address different learning principles which can be taken into considerations when developing a student centred curriculum has to be developed. We are emphasizing exemplarity, variation, and reflection as basic learning and design principles, followed by types of more active learning strategies for lectures, inquiry-based, studios, problem-based, and project-based approaches to learning, and we emphasize teamwork and diversity of thinking as core elements to address complex socio-technical systems.
Educational Transformation
Authors: Habbal Fawwaz , Kolmos Anette , Hadgraft Roger G. , Holgaard Jette Egelund , Reda Kamar
Published: December 2023

What we have been addressing in the previous chapters is more fundamental change in engineering education from a disciplinary to an interdisciplinary learning discourse by applying more student centred learning methods which embrace generic competencies, interdisciplinary learning, and learning to work on boundaries in engineering education. But the big question is: how do we convince our colleagues of the need for change or transformation of engineering education?
Optimal blood tau species for the detection of Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology: an immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry and autopsy study
Authors: Montoliu-Gaya Laia , Alosco Michael L. , Yhang Eukyung , Tripodis Yorghos , Sconzo Daniel , Ally Madeline , Grötschel Lana , Ashton Nicholas J. , Lantero-Rodriguez Juan , Sauer Mathias , Gomes Bárbara , Nilsson Johanna , Brinkmalm Gunnar , Sugarman Michael A. , Aparicio Hugo J. , Martin Brett , Palmisano Joseph N. , Steinberg Eric G. , Simkin Irene , Turk Katherine W. , Budson Andrew E. , Au Rhoda , Farrer Lindsay , Jun Gyungah R. , Kowall Neil W. , Stern Robert A. , Goldstein Lee E. , Qiu Wei Qiao , Mez Jesse , Huber Bertrand Russell , Alvarez Victor E. , McKee Ann C. , Zetterberg Henrik , Gobom Johan , Stein Thor D. , Blennow Kaj
Published: December 2023

Plasma-to-autopsy studies are essential for validation of blood biomarkers and understanding their relation to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. Few such studies have been done on phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and those that exist have made limited or no comparison of the different p-tau variants. This study is the first to use immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry (IP-MS) to compare the accuracy of eight different plasma tau species in predicting autopsy-confirmed AD. The sample included 123 participants (AD = 69, non-AD = 54) from the Boston University Alzheimer’s disease Research Center who had an available ante-mortem plasma sample and donated their brain. Plasma samples proximate to death were analyzed by targeted IP-MS for six different tryptic phosphorylated (p-tau-181, 199, 202, 205, 217, 231), and two non-phosphorylated tau (195–205, 212–221) peptides. NIA-Reagan Institute criteria were used for the neuropathological diagnosis of AD. Binary logistic regressions tested the association between each plasma peptide and autopsy-confirmed AD status. Area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) statistics were generated using predicted probabilities from the logistic regression models. Odds Ratio (OR) was used to study associations between the different plasma tau species and CERAD and Braak classifications. All tau species were increased in AD compared to non-AD, but p-tau217, p-tau205 and p-tau231 showed the highest fold-changes. Plasma p-tau217 (AUC = 89.8), p-tau231 (AUC = 83.4), and p-tau205 (AUC = 81.3) all had excellent accuracy in discriminating AD from non-AD brain donors, even among those with CDR < 1). Furthermore, p-tau217, p-tau205 and p-tau231 showed the highest ORs with both CERAD (ORp-tau217 = 15.29, ORp-tau205 = 5.05 and ORp-tau231 = 3.86) and Braak staging (ORp-tau217 = 14.29, ORp-tau205 = 5.27 and ORp-tau231 = 4.02) but presented increased levels at different amyloid and tau stages determined by neuropathological examination. Our findings support plasma p-tau217 as the most promising p-tau species for detecting AD brain pathology. Plasma p-tau231 and p-tau205 may additionally function as markers for different stages of the disease.
Technology structure of China’s export of agricultural products: empirical analysis based on technical complexity
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Deng Yujia , Mustafa Zeeshan , Zhang Yan , Canavari Maurizio
Published: December 2023

Growing labour costs, increasing resources and environmental constraints and a desire to emphasize high-quality trade have promoted China to prioritize upgrading the agricultural export structure. This brings forth a need for further research on agricultural export technology. We measure the technical complexity and height based on the sample of 178 countries over the 2002–2020 period. The results are then compared with those of the world’s major exporters of agricultural products (APs). We find that China’s APs export exhibited a pattern of medium-technology products and slowly transitioned towards medium–high and high technology levels. The technology structure of China’s APs export was significantly lower than that of the major global AP exporters (except Brazil). The overall technical level of China’s APs exports slightly fluctuated near the medium technology grade. The evolutionary trend of the technology structure of China’s APs export differs from its export scale, showing a tendency towards a more downmarket in 2002–2012 but some improvement since 2013. There is a widening gap in the technology structure of APs export between China and major developed exporters. China’s APs export is losing competitiveness overall, and the upgrading of the technology structure of China’s APs export was slower. Therefore, the technology structure of China’s APs export can be escalated by raising standards of quality, concentrating on the export of higher technical complexity products, promoting the advances and innovations in agricultural science and technology, and further exploring the trade potential hidden behind the differences between China and other countries in export technology structure.
Connecting Agent-Based Models with High-Dimensional Parameter Spaces to Multidimensional Data Using SMoRe ParS: A Surrogate Modeling Approach
Authors: Bergman Daniel R. , Norton Kerri-Ann , Jain Harsh Vardhan , Jackson Trachette
Published: December 2023

Across a broad range of disciplines, agent-based models (ABMs) are increasingly utilized for replicating, predicting, and understanding complex systems and their emergent behavior. In the biological and biomedical sciences, researchers employ ABMs to elucidate complex cellular and molecular interactions across multiple scales under varying conditions. Data generated at these multiple scales, however, presents a computational challenge for robust analysis with ABMs. Indeed, calibrating ABMs remains an open topic of research due to their own high-dimensional parameter spaces. In response to these challenges, we extend and validate our novel methodology, Surrogate Modeling for Reconstructing Parameter Surfaces (SMoRe ParS), arriving at a computationally efficient framework for connecting high dimensional ABM parameter spaces with multidimensional data. Specifically, we modify SMoRe ParS to initially confine high dimensional ABM parameter spaces using unidimensional data, namely, single time-course information of in vitro cancer cell growth assays. Subsequently, we broaden the scope of our approach to encompass more complex ABMs and constrain parameter spaces using multidimensional data. We explore this extension with in vitro cancer cell inhibition assays involving the chemotherapeutic agent oxaliplatin. For each scenario, we validate and evaluate the effectiveness of our approach by comparing how well ABM simulations match the experimental data when using SMoRe ParS-inferred parameters versus parameters inferred by a commonly used direct method. In so doing, we show that our approach of using an explicitly formulated surrogate model as an interlocutor between the ABM and the experimental data effectively calibrates the ABM parameter space to multidimensional data. Our method thus provides a robust and scalable strategy for leveraging multidimensional data to inform multiscale ABMs and explore the uncertainty in their parameters.
Adverse Effects of Ozone Pollution on Net Primary Productivity in the North China Plain
Authors: Long X. , Han Y. , Wang Q. Y. , Li X. K. , Feng T. , Wang Y. C. , Wang Y. , Zhang S. L. , Han Y. M. , Li G. H. , Tie X. X. , Cao J. J. , Chen Y.
Published: December 2023

Tropospheric ozone significantly damages vegetation and reduces net primary productivity (NPP). We developed a stable linear NPP response model based on accumulated ozone exposure over a threshold of 40 parts per billion (ppb) (AOT40). We then estimated the effects of regional ozone damage on NPP for different vegetation types. The study suggests an average decrease in NPP of 24.7% due to ozone pollution in the North China Plain, similar to previous estimates ranging from 10.1% to 24.7%, with a maximum reduction exceeding 200 [g C m‐2 yr‐1] and more than 50%. Vegetation types such as broadleaf forests, needleleaf forest, crops, and grasses showed significant NPP decreases of 47.1%, 37.8%, 36.7%, and 44.6%, respectively. Declining NPP also had negative impacts on several Chinese crop species. Our work highlights the need for urgent and effective action to mitigate ozone pollution's substantial detrimental effects on ecosystem health and productivity.
A multi-layer reduced graphene oxide catalyst encapsulating a high-entropy alloy for rechargeable zinc-air batteries
Authors: Gao Leyi , Zhong Xiongwei , Li Zhitong , Hu Junjie , Cui Shuyu , Wang Xingzhu , Xu Baomin
Published: December 2023

In this study, we design a multi-layer reduced graphene oxide catalyst with high crystallinity encapsulating a high-entropy alloy structure.
A new method for cross-calibration between LIBS systems based on a domain adaptive fully connected network
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Liu Changqing , Liu Ping , Ling Zongcheng
Published: December 2023

This paper proposes a domain-adaptive fully connected neural network (DADNN) that is capable of transferring prior knowledge between ChemCam and SDU-LIBS.
Imitation learning‐based online optimal scheduling for microgrids: An approach integrating input clustering and output classification
Authors: Sun Haonan , Zhang Bocheng , Liu Nian
Published: December 2023

Strong uncertainties of distributed renewable generations, loads and real‐time market prices impose higher requirements on the online scheduling for microgrids. Traditional model‐driven methods exist several limitations due to low solving efficiency, difficulty in handling uncertainties, reliance on accurate prediction information, and inability to leverage accumulated historical data. This paper proposes a data‐driven improved imitation learning based approach for online microgrids optimization. First, a mixed integer linear programming model is established to derive offline optimal decisions within the given scenarios, which serve as expert demonstrations to help construct a sample database for imitation learning. Next, a direct imitation learning model based on eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) is established to learn the mapping relationship between the system state and the scheduling decision, and the model training is refined by input clustering and output classification. At the input end, the operation scenarios are clustered to form multiple sub‐feature sets to achieve targeted training for different scenarios. At the output end, a binary variable is added to the label set to realize high‐precision decisions of the action of the energy storage system. Numerical case studies demonstrate the performance advantages of the proposed method.
Multidisciplinary Management of Total Anterior Skull Base Osteoradionecrosis
Authors: Dhanda Aatin K. , McKee Sean P. , Allen David Z. , Ahmed Omar G. , Yaeger Kurt A. , Kim Laura Minhui , Kain Joshua J.
Published: December 2023

Cases of delayed osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the anterior skull base have unique management considerations. A 59-year-old woman with a history of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the sinonasal cavity with intracranial extension through the anterior skull base developed delayed radiation sequelae of anterior skull base ORN. She underwent an initial endoscopic resection in 2011 with persistent disease that required an anterior craniofacial resection with left medial maxillectomy in 2012. She had a radiologic gross total resection with microscopic residual disease at the histologic margins prompting adjuvant chemoradiotherapy to target volume doses of 66 to 70 Gy with concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy. She subsequently developed an intracranial abscess in 2021 along the anterior skull base that required a craniotomy and endoscopic debridement. Despite aggressive surgical and medical therapy, she had persistent intracranial infections and evidence of skull base ORN. She ultimately underwent a combined open bifrontal craniotomy and endoscopic resection of the necrotic frontal bone and dura followed by an anterolateral thigh free flap reconstruction with titanium mesh cranioplasty. The patient recovered well from a microvascular free-tissue reconstruction without concern for cerebrospinal fluid leak. Anterior skull base reconstruction with free tissue transfer is a commonly utilized method for oncologic resections. Here, an anterolateral free flap was effectively used to treat an anterior skull base defect secondary to a rare indication of skull base ORN.
A Rare Case of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Related Cervical Empyema
Authors: Le Hung , Nguyen Dung Le Thuy , Ton My Nu Tra , Phan Duy , Tran Anh Hoang Ngoc , Truong Van Tri
Published: December 2023

Staphylococcus aureus is found in the normal skin and mucosa of approximately 30% of healthy populations and is the most common pathogen in human disease associated with bacteria. They are divided into methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The S. aureus strains carrying the Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes (SA-PVL) were initially believed to belong to the MRSA group; however, recent reports showed they also belonged to the MSSA group (MSSA-PVL). SA-PVL is common in skin and soft-tissue infections but rare in musculoskeletal infections, especially in spondylodiscitis. We are reporting a case suffering from cervical spondylodiscitis and epidural abscess associated with MSSA carrying the Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes.
Assessment of the carbon emissions reduction potential in Thailand’s power sector with high penetration of variable renewable energy sources and electric vehicles in the year 2030
Authors: Phothisourinh Niphit , Singh Jai Govind
Published: December 2023

The power sector has substantial carbon emissions reduction potential that could achieve the new nationally determined contribution target in 2030 by increasing low-carbon technologies, e.g. variable renewable energy sources and electric vehicles (EVs). Therefore, two approaches were suggested in this work. In the first approach, Thailand’s power sector was modelled by using PLEXOS software to find the impact of the high penetration of variable renewable energy (RE) and EV charging load for the projected year 2030. The second approach proposed a demand–response and energy storage system solution with carbon pricing in the model to assess the targets. As a result, the electricity demand from charging EVs will cause a new peak demand at night, while the high variable RE penetration will cause curtailment in the power system due to excess supply at noon. Therefore, Thailand’s power sector has the potential for carbon emissions reduction by 45% with clean energy technologies, which could increase to 68% with carbon pricing, easily achievable by the nationally determined contribution target in 2030. However, these benefits could only be derived if various entities involved in the energy regulatory, transport and power sectors coordinate to implement the required technological and financial policies.
Archbishop Wulfstan of York and the Danish Conquest of 1016
Authors: Rabin Andrew
Published: December 2023

Wulfstan, archbishop of York (1002–1023) and bishop of Worcester (1002–1016), occupies a pre-eminent place in the political history of eleventh-century England, yet surprisingly little is known of his life and career. The consequences of this ignorance are particularly acute for the years surrounding the Danish Conquest of 1016. The upheavals of this period led Wulfstan to compose his most well-known homily, the Sermo lupi ad Anglos (1014), resign from the see of Worcester (1016), and transfer his loyalty from the English king Æthelred to the Danish conqueror Cnut. Yet while the years 1013 to 1018 left discernible traces in Wulfstan’s thought, the particular circumstances that produced these traces can be perceived only dimly. The means by which Wulfstan maintained his status through the years of conquest are significant for more than just their impact on his career and evolving political vision. While his role as a leading legislator during the reigns of both Æthelred and Cnut has been taken as evidence that he managed to emerge from the Conquest relatively unscathed, Wulfstan’s influence at the royal court during these years was inconsistent at best and his success in navigating the change in power was not inevitable. Wulfstan’s approach to the complicated politics of the Conquest thus provides a useful case-study of the various ways in which the Church, its leaders as much as its institutions, balanced competing allegiances to king and conqueror.