bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Anatomical Insight into the Morphology of the Brachialis Muscle and its Clinical Implications
Authors: Mistry Pratik N , Rajguru Jaba , Dave Mitesh R
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Being the chief flexor of the elbow joint, brachialis muscle, also known as ‘work horse’ of the elbow or Portal’s muscle is one of the three muscles of the front of arm. Ascertaining the morphology of the muscle is of considerable clinical significance because infrequent mention of the pathologies like tear, rupture, tendinopathies, etc., coupled with the conflicting reports of its morphology may often leads to inaccurate diagnosis of clinical conditions pertaining to it. Aim: To study the origin of the muscle in the form of number of heads and type of fibres at origin, site and manner of insertion, mode of nerve supply and presence of accessory slips. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Parul University, Vadodara on the 82 upper limbs used for routine dissection of first MBBS students. After incising the skin, superficial and deep fascia of the arm and cubital fossa, the biceps was retracted to visualise the origin, insertion and nerve supply of the brachialis muscle. Results: In all 82 (100%) arms, the muscle arose by lateral superficial and medial deep heads. Deep head inserted into the coronoid process and upper part of the ulnar tuberosity by an aponeurosis. In 81 (98.8%) specimens, superficial head was inserted by round tendon on to the ulnar tuberosity distal to the deep head. In one (1.2%) specimen, fibres of the superficial head were merging with biceps tendon and inserted on to the radial tuberosity. In 75 (91.5%) arms, muscle was supplied by musculocutaneous nerve and radial nerves and in four (5%) cases by the musculocutaneous, median and Radial Nerve (RN) whereas in 3 (3.5%) case by median and radial nerves. Accessory slips were present in four (5%) specimens. Conclusion: Considerable difference in the morphology of the brachialis was found with regards to the classical picture and should be kept in mind before undertaking any surgical procedure in the arm and elbow region.
Mini-open Arthroplasty for Anterior Ankle Impingement
Authors: Edwards Steven R , Gilheany Mark F , Ryan Nicholas D
Published: March 2022

Osseous or soft tissue impingement of the anterior ankle can result in reduced dorsiflexion, pain and difficulty in walking that can significantly reduce the quality of life. Sometimes, conservative treatments fail and surgical intervention may be indicated. A 34- year-old male, who sustained a severe ankle injury five years back whilst waterskiing, complained of ongoing pain and disability. His initial injury had resulted in multiple fracture fragments within the anterior and posterior aspects of his right ankle. Upon performing clinical examination, reduced dorsiflexion with crepitus was noted and plain film radiographs exhibited multiple fragments within the anterior and posterior aspects of his ankle joint. Pain and limitation to motion were primarily affecting the anterior joint. The posterior aspect was only mildly symptomatic and not considered a primary consideration. Treatment involved a mini-open arthroplasty with removal of the osteophytes and margination of the chondral defects. Adequate dorsiflexion without crepitus was noted on the operating table and postoperative radiographs showed adequate removal of the osteophytes. He was kept non- weight bearing in a fibreglass back slab for 10 days before resuming partial weight bearing in a postoperative shoe and crutches. Mini-open arthroplasty may offer a viable alternative to large incision joint procedures or arthroscopy and may be a procrastinatory procedure for patients wishing to delay ankle joint arthrodesis or replacement.
Sonographic Rim in Acute Renal Cortical Necrosis
Authors: Pal Nilkanth Laxman , Juwarkar Ambika Sumeet , Naik Prathamesh , Vernekar Jeevan
Published: March 2022

Ultrasonography is the first line of investigation requested for patients presenting with a clinical features of acute renal failure. Acute renal Cortical Necrosis (ACN) is an uncommon cause of acute renal failure secondary to reduced perfusion to the renal cortex with relative sparing of the medulla. There is limited literature available on early sonographic features of acute cortical necrosis. Ultrasonography finding of hypoechoic renal cortex is a diagnostic feature of acute cortical necrosis. This appearance can be aptly called "Sonographic hypoechoic cortical rim". Bilateral ACN following pancreatitis is an extremely rare entity. Due to rarity of association between pancreatitis and bilateral renal cortical necrosis, authors reported case of 25-year-old male presented with severe abdominal pain, vomiting, reduced urine output, constipation. Ultrasonography revealed normal size kidneys with diffuse circumferential hypoechoic appearance of cortex on both sides. Laboratory investigations demonstrated elevated white blood cell count, raised serum amylase. Diagnosis of ACN secondary to acute pancreatitis was made.
Relationship of Bowling Speed with Power and Dynamic Balance in Bowlers: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rohilla Abhishek , Anand Pooja , Pal Sajjan , Sehdav Abhista
Published: March 2022

Introduction: In the game of cricket dynamic balance and the strength of lower limb muscles plays a major role while bowling or to control the bowling speed. Bowlers use different style of run ups to optimise their bowling speed. Therefore, for every athlete physical fitness plays essential role. Aim: To find the correlation between bowling speed and lower limb explosive power and dynamic balance in state and district level cricket bowlers. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Cricket Gurukul, Faridabad, Mahadev Desai Cricket Academy, Faridabad, Haryana and Indraprastha Cricket Academy, Punjabi Bagh, Delhi, India from January 2018 to January 2019. Total 98 male bowlers with age between 16-28 years, playing experience of at least 6 months in University/District level and playing frequency at least 5 days/weeks were included in the present study. Modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT) was used to measure the dynamic balance, broad jump test was used to measure lower limb explosive power and radar gun was used to measured bowling speed. Data was analysed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software 2.0 version. Descriptive statistics was calculated. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated. The p-value <0.05 was set as statistically significant. Results: Mean age was 19±3.1 years and Body mass index was 23.1±2.68 kg/m2 . Dynamic balance showed positive correlation with bowling speed (r=0.227, p<0.0001) and lower limb explosive power showed positive correlation (r=0.638, p<0.0001) with bowling speed in cricket bowlers. Conclusion: It was found that, the bowling speed of the cricket bowlers can improve majorly if the explosive power of the lower limb is improved whereas, there is less impact of dynamic balance on the bowling speed.
Management of Mirizzi Syndrome in a Tertiary Care Centre of Southern IndiaA Series of 10 Cases
Authors: Muddasetty Rohith , Kalyanashanmugam Sivakumar , Raju Prabhakaran , Chidambaranathan Sugumar , Lakshmanamoorthy Naganathbabu Obla
Published: March 2022

Mirizzi syndrome is a rare condition characterised by obstructive jaundice due to compression of Common Hepatic Duct (CHD) by a stone impacted in the neck of gall bladder. Incidence is around 1-2% in patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis. Preoperative diagnosis and management is challenging. Authors have retrospectively analysed the records of patients undergoing cholecystectomy in our institute for the past 5 years and selected those patients who had final diagnosis of Mirizzi syndrome were reviewed and following results were arrived. From January 2016 to February 2021, 446 patients underwent cholecystectomy. Out of these, 10 (2.24%) patients had final diagnosis of Mirizzi syndrome. Male:Female ratio was 3:7. Mean age at presentation was 49.5 years. Most common presenting symptoms were pain abdomen and jaundice. Mirizzi syndrome was preoperatively diagnosed only in 3 (30%) patients. Others were diagnosed during surgery. Type I in four patients, type II in three patients, type III in two patients and type IV in one patient. These patients were treated with either total or subtotal cholecystectomy. Open approach was used in 8 (80%) patients and Laparoscopic approach in 2 (20%) patients. Biliary drainage procedure was done in all patients, T-tube drainage in 5 (50%); Roux en Y Hepaticojejunostomy in 3 (30%) and Hepaticoduodenostomy in 2 (20%) patients. Thus, we conclude Mirizzi syndrome being one of rare complication of long standing cholelithiasis, pose a challenging task for diagnosis and management. High index of suspicion is required to identify and treat Mirizzi syndrome in order to avoid bile duct injuries.
Strongyloides stercoralis Hyperinfection in an Immunocompetent Patient: An Unusual Case
Authors: Bhattacharya Sibabrata , Das Rima , Baidya Debapriya , Majumdar Tapan
Published: March 2022

Strongyloides stercoralis is a soil-dwelling nematode causing endemic infection, mostly in immunocompromised individuals, in tropical and subtropical regions. However, strongyloidiasis has been reported in immunocompetent individuals in several case reports. Here, a case of an immunocompetent individual is reported. A 25-year-old male patient presented with chief complaints of abdominal discomfort with vomiting and weight loss since last three months. The pain was dull aching in nature and had no relation with food intake but vomiting worsened after taking food. Clinical diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease was made and patient was started on steroid therapy. Later stool was sent for microbiological examination and Strongyloides stercoralis larvae was demonstrated. Patient responded to albendazole therapy which was given for seven days. Hence, strongyloidiasis should be suspected not only in immunocompromised individual but also in immunocompetent individuals as well.
Comparative Evaluation of King Vision Video Laryngoscope, McCoy and Macintosh Laryngoscopes in Patients Scheduled for Mucormycosis Surgery: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Gulabani Michell , Gupta Vibhor , Chauhan Richa , Choudhary Suman , Saxena Ashok Kumar , Vasudev Prerna
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Mucormycosis, an aggressive fungal infection may result in a difficult airway owing to its inflammation. King Vision Video Laryngoscope (KVVL) is a useful addition to a difficult airway armamentarium. McCoy laryngoscope with hinged tip is well-known equipment of difficult airway cart. Conventional Macintosh laryngoscope dominates in anaesthesia practice. Standard, existing and contemporary devices were compared in difficult airways resulting from mucormycosis. Aim: To compare the relative performance of KVVL, McCoy, and Macintosh laryngoscopes based on the ease of intubation and haemodynamic response in patients with mucormycosis. Materials and Methods: The present study was a randomised clinical trial done during June-August 2021 on 90 consenting patients of 18-65 years age, belonging to either sex with microbiologically confirmed mucormycosis undergoing debridement surgery. Group A was intubated with a non channeled KVVL, while group B had McCoy and group C had Macintosh laryngoscope. Primary outcome parameters were Cormack Lehane (CL) grade, time from laryngoscopy to successful intubation, number of attempts, any adjuncts or optimisation maneuvers, and any mucosal injury. Secondary outcome parameters were Heart Rate (HR), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), Mean Blood Pressure (MBP) measured on arrival, before induction, after induction, and at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 minutes after intubation. Comparison of quantitative variables not normally distributed were analysed using Kruskal Wallis test. Post-hoc analysis by Dunn's multiple pairwise comparison test. Friedman test followed by pairwise comparison was done to compare haemodynamic parameters within each group. Chi-square test was used for qualitative variables. The p-value ≤0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: CL grade was lowest in group B (1.83±0.38) against group A (1.93±0.25), group C (2.13±0.35) with p-value of 0.029. Time from laryngoscopy to successful intubation was the least in group B (19.5±3.98) against group A (26.07±9.8), group C (21.33±3.74) with p-value of 0.002. No significant difference was there in the number of attempts, airway adjuncts/optimisation maneuvers, mucosal injury. Haemodynamic variables were comparable. Conclusion: McCoy laryngoscope was found to perform best in difficult airways resulting from mucormycosis. It was most effective for glottic visualisation, with the shortest time to successful intubation and, haemodynamic parameters were comparable to KVVL and Macintosh laryngoscopes.
CRISPR-Cas Mediated Genome Editing: A Paradigm Shift towards Sustainable Agriculture and Biotechnology
Authors: Rehman Rao Saad , Zafar Syed Ali , Ali Mujahid , Pasha Asad Nadeem , Naveed Muhammad Saqib , Waseem Muhammad , Ahmad Muhammad , Raza Asad
Published: March 2022

CRISPR–Cas genome editing technology developed from prokaryotes has transformed the molecular biology of plants past all assumptions. CRISPR–Cas, which is distinguished by its resilience, relatively high specificity, and easy implementation, enables specific genetic modification of crops, allowing for the creation of germplasms with favorable characters and the development of innovative, highly efficient agricultural systems. Moreover, many new biotechnologies in the framework of CRISPR–Cas platforms have bolstered basic research as well as synthetic biology toolkit of plants. In this article, initially, we provide a brief overview of CRISPR–Cas gene editing, emphasis on the modern, most specific gene-editing techniques, such as prime and base editing. Following that, the major role of CRISPR–Cas in plants in enhancing pesticide and disease resistance, quality, yield, breeding, and faster domestication are next discussed. In this review, we discuss the current advancements in plant biotechnology linked to CRISPR–Cas, such as CRISPR–Cas gene control, reagent conveyance, multiplexed gene editing, directed evolution, and mutagenesis. In the end, we talk about how this innovative technology may be used in the future.
Polymerase Chain Reaction in African Research Setting: Oppurtunities and Limitations
Authors: Olusanya Temitope Oyewole , Naiyeju Oluwatobi Joseph , Ebade Blessing Omoye , Kemiki Olalekan Ademola , Adeniyi Oluwasegun John
Published: March 2022

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was first discovered in 1985 and has since then shown to be an important tool in the world of research and medical diagnostics. Previous techniques of DNA replication, which relied on microorganisms and may take weeks to complete, have been supplanted by PCR due to its timeliness, as well as its high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Since its invention, the PCR has played many roles in specimen analysis, mutation analysis, forensic science and in the human genome project, among others. While the developed nations of the world have seized the several opportunities that lie in the utilization of the polymerase chain reaction technique to advance the field of medicine and research, many Africa countries just seem to be scratching the surface in its use. The advent of COVID-19 in the last two years has brought about an increase in the awareness of the technique and brought to light the fact that many African countries are ill-equipped with the adequate tools to meet the challenges of the world of medical sciences and research. This review aims to give an insight into the opportunities that exist with the use of PCR and the limitations that may hinder these opportunities especially among developing countries in Africa.
Are Osteoid Osteoma and Ankylosing Spondylitis in Some Way Linked? A Case Report
Authors: Chiheub Riad , Remita Kamel
Published: March 2022

We present a 35-year-old male, who initially complained of progressive and persistent inflammatory back pain for 2 years, which was diagnosed as a T12 thoracic spine osteoid osteoma. The patient underwent intralesional resection of the tumor via a posterior approach, with immediate post-operative pain relief, and 2 years of pain-free spine interval. Recently, the patient presented with an inflammatory back pain. Visual Analogic Scale (V.A.S) was 7/10 and stiffness,The Back Pain Functional Scale (BPFS) was 30/60, suggesting a recurrence of the spinal Osteoid Osteoma (OO), diagnosis ruled out giving the negativity of the spine MRI and CT scan. Therefore, an ankylosing spondylitis was suspected, hence, sacroiliac joints MRI was performed, depicting an active bilateral sacroiliitis, confirming the diagnosis of AS according to ASAS criteria. The aim of this paper is to point out similarities between OO and AS and their clinical and probable therapeutic implications. Though few cases of their association have been reported in the literature, both of bone osteoblastic tumors and Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) share a number of common features, which let us assuming a possible relationship and therefore, the necessity to assess for sacroiliitis in patients with osteoid osteoma. Differential diagnosis should be considered especially in patients with inflammatory back pain. Moreover, a purely pharmacological approach to the management of OO by the use of biological agents may be considered.
ENTREPRENEURIAL FAILURE AND RESILIENCE: A CONTINUOUS INTERPLAY BETWEEN RIGIDITY AND FLEXIBILITY
Authors: Borbolla-Albores Alberto , Reyes-Mercado Pavel
Published: March 2022

Resilience studies are increasingly relevant to understand business processes. This study aimed to explore how entrepreneurs in Mexico recovered from situations of business failure. Which key factors did move en­trepreneurs to move forward with their ventures rather than desisting after a failure event? Through a qua­litative study that utilized focus groups with entrepreneurs that had faced entrepreneurial failure, discourses, and repre­sen­tations around the failure experience were analyzed. Findings suggested that entrepreneurs lied in a con­tinuum between resilience and resistance, depending on their access assets such as entrepreneurial networks, ecosystems, and pool of knowledge as antecedents of resistance and resilience. The study shed light in the understanding of the role communities surrounding entrepreneurs played in their trajectory, failure, and even­tual recovery.
DETERMINANTS OF JOB SATISFACTION
Authors: Ariani Misna , Mugiastuti Raden Roro Hesti
Published: March 2022

Determining the employees’ career contentment is crucial at this time. Companies should pay more attention to employee career contentment. This research focused to the determinant of employee career contentment through organizational culture, work environment, organizational commitment to­ward 98 office and workshop employees at PT Bukaka Teknik Utama Balik­papan Branch. It used classical assumption to test research hypothesis by ana­lyzing feasibility with multiple linear regression model. The result revealed that organizational culture, work environment, and organizational commit­ment had a significative effects on em­ployee job satisfaction. The work envi­ronment was influential but not so important. Furthermore, or­ga­ni­zational culture had dominant effect to the employees’ job satisfaction. The work en­vi­ronment communication connection (communication between fellow em­plo­y­ees), especially played role in the application of work and conformance with standard operating procedures, making it easy for employees to under­stand. The author realized attention of an acceptable work environment to increase the level of career contentment. The practical implications of this research results can be consideration for similar industrial companies in providing maximum satisfaction related to organizational culture, work envi­ronment, and organizational commitment. Employees satisfied at work and afforded occasions to advance themselves, if companies concerned to the availability of work facilities and convenience.
A Internet das Coisas e o Agronegócio no Brasil: um olhar sobre a produção científica brasileira na base Scopus
Authors: Rossoni Renata Luiza de Castilho , Rossoni André Luís , Maia João Carlos de Souza
Published: March 2022

Levar alimentos à mesa do consumidor com menor custo exige uma produção eficiente no uso dos recursos naturais, financeiros e de pessoal, e a adoção de tecnologias emergentes viabiliza este diferencial ao agronegócio. O uso integrado de tecnologias de produção e comunicação como a IoT (internet of things) potencializa receber informações e gerir equipamentos para operacionalizar a produção agropecuária de forma remota, tornando a produção mais precisa e eficiente. Esta pesquisa guiou-se com o objetivo de identificar e mapear a produção científica das Instituições de Pesquisa Científica e Tecnológica e dos pesquisadores brasileiros no setor de agronegócio com a adoção ou potencial uso da IoT, tendo como objeto de estudo artigos da base Scopus, e como método de estudo a bibliometria. O estudo identificou um conjunto de 1039 autores, 267 instituições nacionais e internacionais que trabalham com o tema, o que possibilitou uma análise de cenários de pesquisa e discussão de novos gaps, para parceiras.
Prospecção Tecnológica de Aplicativos de Colaboração de Usuários para Avaliação e Medição de Resultados de Serviços
Authors: Mascarenhas Adison , Paim Witalo Tedesco , Pantoja Emillyn Bárbara de Assunção , Ferreira Leandro de Oliveira , Neto Elias Fagury
Published: March 2022

O controle social das ações do estado se fortalece dentro da legislação pátria, possibilitando que usuários, por meio de tecnologias colaborativas, forneçam informações para avaliação e medição de serviços públicos, fortalecendo a atuação das instituições. Este trabalho teve como objetivo abordar a prospecção tecnológica de aplicativos de colaboração de usuários, com vistas à criação de banco de dados, para avaliação e medição de resultados de serviços. Foram identificados em bases de dados, nacionais e internacionais, artigos sobre a temática, a fim de verificar a maturidade tecnológica e outros aspectos relacionados à utilização de aplicativos na avaliação e medição de resultados de serviços. Dos resultados obtidos, constatou-se a existência de estudos distintos; no entanto, a pesquisa identificou proposições pertinentes à temática proposta. Ao analisar os aspectos da prospecção, concluiu-se que o desenvolvimento de aplicativos atende a uma demanda que a cada dia se alinha aos recursos tecnológicos disponíveis no mercado.
Prospecção Tecnológica sobre Sistemas de Geolocalização Voltados para Passageiros de Trem
Authors: Cunha Adriana Monteiro
Published: March 2022

A geolocalização é utilizada para rastrear um sujeito ou objeto a partir de sua coordenada geográfica de modo automático. É empregada a partir de um conjunto de hardware, software e dados geográficos. Este estudo apresenta uma análise sobre patentes associadas à geolocalização de composições ferroviárias e a dispositivos móveis que identifiquem, em tempo real, o status de viagem das mesmas com o objetivo de avaliar as tecnologias disponíveis no Brasil e no mundo, para dar suporte a passageiros e comunidades que vivem próximas às linhas de trens. A partir dos resultados, observa-se o baixo uso da tecnologia empregada em serviços destinados a passageiros e comunidades que vivem próximas à linhas de trem e de metrôs no Brasil.
Evolução da Tecnologia Smart Contracts pela Perspectiva dos Indicadores de Patentes
Authors: Araújo Gildércia Silva Guedes de , Santos Katyusco de Farias
Published: March 2022

Este artigo trata de busca de anterioridade e análise quantitativa sobre a evolução do tema smart contracts, usando o depósito de patentes como principal indicador tecnológico. Para o levantamento dos dados utilizaram-se as plataformas Questel Orbit®, Lens e Patent Inspiration, aplicando como entrada as palavras-chaves “smart contract” ou “smart contracts” para as buscas nos títulos e nas reivindicações. Foram realizadas análises Macro e Meso, com o objetivo de identificar os indicadores quantitativos das patentes relacionadas aos smart contracts. As investigações foram realizadas até abril de 2019 e trouxeram o quantitativo de 968 invenções de patente pelo Questel Orbit®, um resultado de 1.935 depósitos de patentes pelo Lens e 660 depósitos pelo Patent Inspiration. Em todas as plataformas, houve uma predominância de depósitos realizados pelo setor privado (Empresas) e a área de maior relevância, quanto ao domínio tecnológico dos smarts contracts é o modelo de gestão, representando 49% das patentes verificadas.
Estudo Prospectivo e Tecnológico do Trigo Sarraceno (Fagopyrum esculentum) com Ênfase na produção de Cerveja
Authors: Brasil Viviane Cristina Buge , Evaristo Rafael Benjamin Werneburg , Guimarães Bernardo Pontes , Ghesti Grace Ferreira
Published: March 2022

O trigo sarraceno é um pseudocereal amplamente empregado na indústria alimentícia, tendo em vista características que lhe conferem especificidades interessantes: não possui glúten, é rico em polifenóis de interesse farmacológico e tem cultivo facilitado e eficiente. O cultivo do grão é explorado em diversas partes do mundo, tendo grande interesse para o mercado de exportação brasileira. Seu uso para produção de cerveja demonstra a versatilidade de aplicações desse insumo, podendo ainda agregar propriedades especiais ao produto final. Diante disso, o trabalho foi realizado em duas vertentes de investigação, a pesquisa por patentes e por artigos científicos, a fim de explorar a produção de tecnologias e trabalhos acadêmicos relacionados ao trigo sarraceno, em especial para produção de cerveja. Tal busca identificou o alto desenvolvimento tecnológico desse insumo associado às patentes das empresas depositantes, bem como a disparidade com relação à produção de artigos, ainda que ambos tenham crescido nos últimos 20 anos.
Análise Prospectiva da Espécie-Chave Cultural Umbuzeiro (Spondias Tuberosa Arruda) do Semiárido Brasileiro
Authors: Viviane de Farias Ferreira Sânzia , Regina Nascimento Campos Ana , Franco Trindade Medeiros Maria
Published: March 2022

O bioma caatinga é caracterizado por um clima semiárido onde o umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa Arruda) é uma das espécies mais comuns desta paisagem. O presente trabalho teve a finalidade de fazer um estudo prospectivo do umbuzeiro. O levantamento de documentos foi realizado por palavras-chave nas bases de dados do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial, da World Intellectual Property Organization e do Derwent Innovations Index através de planilhas eletrônicas nas quais foram levadas em consideração o número de pedidos de depósito, ano, país de depósito, tipos de depositantes, a área de aplicação e o código de Classificação Internacional de Patentes. Ao todo foram resgatados 32 registros, mas após a conferência dos documentos repetidos, foi contabilizado um total de 11 depósitos entre os anos de 2010 e 2016. Foi constatado que os depósitos feitos foram, em sua maioria, realizados por pesquisadores brasileiros, na área de alimentos, categorizados nas seções de necessidades humanas, química e metalurgia.
Logística Reversa Orientada para a Inovação nas Micro e Pequenas Empresas: um estudo exploratório
Authors: Santos de Santana Yris Raquel , Rocha de Souza André Luís , Ferreira Lima Ângela Maria , Valença Araújo Marcio Luis
Published: March 2022

O objetivo desse artigo foi investigar a logística reversa como alicerce para práticas inovadoras nas Micro e Pequenas Empresas brasileiras. Para tal, utilizou-se a metodologia de caráter exploratório, teórico, e abordagem qualitativa, cuja técnica de investigação utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica. A partir dos estudos foi possível compreender que, se bem gerenciada, a inserção da inovação no processo logístico reverso nas Micro e Pequenas Empresas é capaz de potencializar a competitividade entre elas, frente a uma tendência e demanda do mercado. Como resultado, foi elaborada uma análise sobre os possíveis fatores que poderiam determinar forças, fraquezas, ameaças e oportunidades na aplicação da Logística Reversa orientando a inovação nessas empresas. Espera-se que esse trabalho dê subsídios para que esse segmento de empresas possa vislumbrar a possibilidade de inovar nas práticas, processos, produtos e outros, por meio do gerenciamento sustentável.
Barriers and facilitators to clinical implementation of radiotherapy treatment planning automation: A survey study of medical dosimetrists
Authors: Petragallo Rachel , Bardach Naomi , Ramirez Ezequiel , Lamb James M.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Little is known about the scale of clinical implementation of automated treatment planning techniques in the United States. In this work, we examine the barriers and facilitators to adoption of commercially available automated planning tools into the clinical workflow using a survey of medical dosimetrists.

Methods/materials

Survey questions were developed based on a literature review of automation research and cognitive interviews of medical dosimetrists at our institution. Treatment planning automation was defined to include auto‐contouring and automated treatment planning. Survey questions probed frequency of use, positive and negative perceptions, potential implementation changes, and demographic and institutional descriptive statistics. The survey sample was identified using both a LinkedIn search and referral requests sent to physics directors and senior physicists at 34 radiotherapy clinics in our state. The survey was active from August 2020 to April 2021.

Results

Thirty‐four responses were collected out of 59 surveys sent. Three categories of barriers to use of automation were identified. The first related to perceptions of limited accuracy and usability of the algorithms. Eighty‐eight percent of respondents reported that auto‐contouring inaccuracy limited its use, and 62% thought it was difficult to modify an automated plan, thus limiting its usefulness. The second barrier relates to the perception that automation increases the probability of an error reaching the patient. Third, respondents were concerned that automation will make their jobs less satisfying and less secure. Large majorities reported that they enjoyed plan optimization, would not want to lose that part of their job, and expressed explicit job security fears.

Conclusion

To our knowledge this is the first systematic investigation into the views of automation by medical dosimetrists. Potential barriers and facilitators to use were explicitly identified. This investigation highlights several concrete approaches that could potentially increase the translation of automation into the clinic, along with areas of needed research.
Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles with Intramolecular Motion‐Induced Photothermy for Tumor Phototheranostics and Tooth Root Canal Therapy
Authors: Duan Xingchen , Zhang Qianyu , Jiang Yu , Wu Xinying , Yue Xin , Geng Yanhou , Shen Jing , Ding Dan
Published: March 2022

Much effort is devoted to develop agents with superior photoacoustic/photothermal properties for improved disease diagnosis and treatment. Herein, a new fused two isoindigo (DIID)‐based semiconducting conjugated polymer (named PBDT‐DIID) is rationally designed and synthesized with a strong near‐infrared absorption band ranging from 700 to 1000 nm. Water‐dispersing nanoparticles (NPs) of PBDT‐DIID are prepared with good biocompatibility and a rather high photothermal conversion efficiency (70.6%), as the active excited‐state intramolecular twist around the central double bonds in DIID permits most of the absorbed excitation energy flow to heat deactivation pathway through internal conversion. The photoacoustic signal can be further magnified by incorporation of polylactide (PLA) in the NP core to confine the generated heat of PBDT‐DIID within NPs. The resultant doped NPs show excellent performance in photoacoustic imaging‐guided photothermal therapy in an orthotopic 4T1 breast tumor‐bearing mouse model. It is also found that the photothermal effect of the PBDT‐DIID NPs is safe and quite efficacious to highly improve the root canal treatment outcome by heating the 1% NaClO solution inside the root canal upon 808 nm laser irradiation in a human extracted tooth root canal infection model.
Uniform Lithium Deposition Induced by Double Lithiophobic Sandwich Structure for Stable Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Liu Zhijian , Yang Hao , Qing Piao , Wei Weifeng , Ji Xiaobo , Chen Yuejiao , Chen Libao
Published: March 2022

The uncontrollable dendrite growth and complex interfacial reactions are still challenging issues hindering the practical applications of lithium (Li) metal anode. A variety of materials are widely studied to regulate the surface properties of Li metal anode except for the lithiophobic materials. This study shows that a double lithiophobic sandwich structure can induce uniform Li deposition to suppress Li dendrite growth at the nucleating stage. A hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) particle layer on Cu foil (h‐BN@Cu) is prepared as the research target to intensely explore the fundamental role of the lithiophobic h‐BN layer on the diffusion and nucleation behavior of Li on the Cu surface. The h‐BN layer makes the h‐BN@Cu interface possess lower adsorption energy and more substantial charge transfer, leading to the “h‐BN‐Li‐Cu” sandwich deposition mode. Theoretical calculations, in situ monitoring, and experimental tests confirm the relevance between uniform Li deposition and the h‐BN@Cu interface structure. The h‐BN@Cu anode enables a significantly improved lifespan (over 550 h) compared to the Cu anode and enhanced cycling stability when assembled in whole cells with LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode. This discovery provides a new insight into h‐BN and other lithiophobic materials as a protective layer to improve the Li deposition behavior.
Negative Refraction Acoustic Lens Based on Elastic Shell Encapsulated Bubbles
Authors: Cai Zheren , Zhao Shengdong , Huang Zhandong , Li Zheng , Su Meng , Zhang Zeying , Zhao Zhipeng , Song Yanlin
Published: March 2022

Advanced devices for acoustic negative refraction and cloaking can be achieved by utilizing acoustic metamaterials. However, the capacities of acoustic metamaterials often are weakened or even disappear when considering thermoviscous loss and damping, which limits the applications of metamaterials. Here, the negative refraction and acoustic imaging capacity of acoustic metamaterials that are comprised of 2D underwater elastic shell encapsulated bubble arrays numerically and experimentally is verified. The influence of thermoviscous loss and damping in solid structures on imaging is discussed. The transmission loss can be reduced by structural optimization. Accordingly, focusing of the sound emitted by a point source is achieved using a flat metamaterial slab whose effective refractive index is −1, which is promising for underwater acoustic imaging.
Microfluidic Platforms for the Production of Nanoparticles at Flow Rates Larger Than One Liter Per Hour
Authors: Giorello Antonella , Nicastro Alcides , Berli Claudio L. A.
Published: March 2022

The convergence of microfluidics and nanotechnology has demonstrated a synergetic potential for the preparation of advanced pharmaceutics. Nowadays, there is a renewed interest in the subject, boosted by the approval of nucleic acid‐loaded lipid‐based nanoparticles. Microfluidics enables the physical scenario to achieve well‐controlled formulations and plays an essential role in nanocarriers development; nevertheless, technical improvements are still required to reach the production rates demanded by the good manufacturing practice of the pharmaceutical industry. Here, the advances recently made to upscale the microfluidic preparation of nanoparticles are revised. The analysis was specifically focused on microfluidic methods producing liters per hour. The state‐of‐art technology has been studied after a comprehensive examination of the disclosed developments, covering both scientific papers and invention patents. An abridged overview of how the processes designed at the benchtop scale (milliliters per hour) are being translated to industrial scales (liters per hour) is also presented.
Patterned and Collective Motion of Densely Packed Tapered Multiresponsive Liquid Crystal Cilia
Authors: van Raak Roel J. H. , Houben Simon J. A. , Schenning Albertus P. H. J. , Broer Dirk J.
Published: March 2022

Cilia are of vital importance for myriad of natural functions such as the propulsion of microorganisms or the cleaning of the mammalian respiratory system. These cilia often show coupled 3D shape changes, such as waves, to perform their function. Here, we present a versatile platform to fabricate artificial micrometer‐sized azobenzene‐doped liquid crystal polymer cilia by replica molding from a track‐etched polyimide membrane. The cilia are tuneable in their size and show excellent homogeneity and high number densities over large areas. By electrically aligning the liquid crystal monomers in a splay alignment during photopolymerization, the symmetry in most cilia is broken, which allows them to reversibly bend toward a predetermined side when exposed to heat or UV light. When the applied stimulus is carefully controlled, the response can be tuned in speed and magnitude. Addressing both the trans‐ and cis‐isomers of the azobenzene derivative simultaneously makes the cilia oscillate out of plane continuously in a preprogrammed pattern with a frequency and amplitude of choice, without any obvious signs of fatigue. Thanks to the versatility of this cilia platform, a wide range of applications such as transporting loads in confined spaces, self‐cleaning surfaces, haptics, or energy generation is foreseen.
Deterministic Robust Planning and Probabilistic Techno‐Economic Assessment of a Sector Coupled Community Energy System
Authors: Kumar Nishant , Namrata Kumari , Samadhiya Akshit
Published: March 2022

This paper proposes a systematic approach to examine the techno‐economical impact of a renewable based prosumer centric hybrid energy system (HES) connected to the local distribution grid. Systematic approach includes deterministic and probabilistic framework for optimal planning, scheduling, management, and assessment of HES. During the initiation stage, major components of the HES are identified as solar, Li‐ion batteries and biomass to enable cross‐sectoral participation whereas electric vehicle (EV) charging to promote smart electric‐mobility. Through stage‐wise data collection, processing, and training, hourly solar‐radiation historical data is classified into three seasons through kernelized space‐vector approach. Similarly, probabilistic assessment of EV arrival rate and charging requests are estimated through historical charging data. Based on initial system architecture, deterministic approach includes objective function formulation and its optimal solution through aggrandized class topper optimization (ACTO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and JAYA algorithm. The objective function is realized through upper‐level economic problem and lower‐level technical sub‐problems. Analyzing the convergence characteristics, the optimal system dynamics and capacity estimated using ACTO is considered as the best with a minimum cost of energy of Rs. 4.235 per kWh. Finally, the probabilistic assessment is carried out through three levels of uncertainty to examine the system cost variations in each scenario.
Engineering the Defects and Microstructures in Ferroelectrics for Enhanced/Novel Properties: An Emerging Way to Cope with Energy Crisis and Environmental Pollution
Authors: Dong Wen , Xiao Hongyuan , Jia Yanmin , Chen Long , Geng Huangfu , Bakhtiar Syed Ul Hasnain , Fu Qiuyun , Guo Yiping
Published: March 2022

In the past century, ferroelectrics are well known in electroceramics and microelectronics for their unique ferroelectric, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and photovoltaic effects. Nowadays, the advances in understanding and tuning of these properties have greatly promoted a broader application potential especially in energy and environmental fields, by harvesting solar, mechanical, and heat energies. For example, high piezoelectricity and high pyroelectricity can be designed by defect or microstructure engineering for piezo‐ and pyro‐catalyst, respectively. Moreover, highly piezoelectric and broadband (UV–Vis–NIR) light‐responsive ferroelectrics can be designed via defect engineering, giving rise to a new concept of photoferroelectrics for efficient photocatalysis, piezocatalysis, pyrocatalysis, and related cocatalysis. This article first summarizes the recent developments in ferroelectrics in terms of piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, and photovoltaic effects based on defect and microstructure engineering. Then, the potential applications in energy generation (i.e., photovoltaic effect, H2generation, and self‐powered multisource energy harvesting and signal sensing) and environmental protection (i.e., photo‐piezo‐pyro‐ cocatalytic dye degradation and CO2reduction) are reviewed. Finally, the outlook and challenges are discussed. This article not only covers an overview of the state‐of‐art advances of ferroelectrics, but also prospects their applications in coping with energy crisis and environmental pollution.
Tunneling‐Effect‐Boosted Interfacial Charge Trapping toward Photo‐Organic Transistor Memory
Authors: Wei Zi‐Yuan , Prakoso Suhendro Purbo , Li Yen‐Ting , Chiu Yu‐Cheng
Published: March 2022

Controlling exciton dynamics at organic semiconductor interfaces is of fundamental and practical importance, for example, in an organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) photomemory that possesses multifunctional applications. Moreover, the intrinsic properties of embedded charge storage layer may limit the device performances. This report introduces a concept of tunneling‐effect‐assisted interfacial charge trapping and takes full benefit of inherent rich surface traps of dielectrics for OFET photomemory. By controlling the thickness of barrier interlayer between active channel and dielectric, the trapped charge injection and dissipation can be regulated precisely. As a result, excellent transistor characteristics display an inconspicuous threshold voltage shift and hysteresis in dark or light exposure, while the same device can exhibit an outstanding memory behavior upon a gate bias pulse in bright situation. Without any additional materials handling such as photoactive charge storage layer into the construction, it can promise a low‐cost, facile, and versatile device fabrication.
Coloring Chemistry – Wie eine bewusste Farbwahl die chemische Kommunikation verbessert
Authors: Kaspar Felix , Crameri Fabio
Published: March 2022

Farbe ist ein zentrales Element in der wissenschaftlichen Kommunikation, jedoch bringt ihre Verwendung die Verantwortung mit sich, eine allgemein zugängliche und akkurate Darstellung von Daten und Zusammenhängen zu gewährleisten. Dieser kurze Viewpoint soll dazu dienen, die chemische Gemeinschaft für die Bedeutung einer bewussten Farbwahl in wissenschaftlichen Illustrationen zu sensibilisieren.
A Liquid Interfacial SERS Platform on a Nanoparticle Array Stabilized by Rigid Probes for the Quantification of Norepinephrine in Rat Brain Microdialysates
Authors: Shi Lu , Liu Mengmeng , Zhang Limin , Tian Yang
Published: March 2022

For the reliable determination of trace chemicals in the brain, we created a SERS platform based on a functionalized AuNPs array formed at a liquid/liquid interface in a uniform fashion over a large substrate area through ternary regulations for real‐time quantification of trace norepinephrine (NE). The rigid molecule, 4‐(thiophen‐3‐ylethynyl)‐benzaldehyde (RP1) was designed and co‐assembled at AuNPs with 4‐mercaptophenylboronic acid (MPBA) to chemically define NE via dual recognition. Meanwhile, the rigid structure assembly of RP1 and MPBA efficiently fixed the interparticle gap, guaranteeing reproducible SERS analysis. Furthermore, the Raman peak of C≡C group in the silent region was taken as a response element to further improve the accuracy. Combined with microdialysis, this SERS platform was developed for in‐the‐field testing of NE in rat brain microdialysates following anxiety.
Entropy Enhanced Perovskite Oxide Ceramic for Efficient Electrochemical Reduction of Oxygen to Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Chen Ziliang , Wu Jie , Chen Zhengran , Yang Hongyuan , Zou Kai , Zhao Xiangyong , Liang Ruihong , Dong Xianlin , Menezes Prashanth W. , Kang Zhenhui
Published: March 2022

The electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) offers a most promising and efficient route to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), yet the lack of cost‐effective and high‐performance electrocatalysts have restricted its practical application. Herein, an entropy‐enhancement strategy has been employed to enable the low‐cost perovskite oxide to effectively catalyze the electrosynthesis of H2O2. The optimized Pb(NiWMnNbZrTi)1/6O3 ceramic is available on a kilogram‐scale and displays commendable ORR activity in alkaline media with high selectivity over 91 % across the wide potential range for H2O2 including an outstanding degradation property for organic dyes through the Fenton process. The exceptional performance of this perovskite oxide is attributed to the entropy stabilization‐induced polymorphic transformation assuring the robust structural stability, decreased charge mobility as well as synergistic catalytic effects which we confirm using advanced in situ Raman, transient photovoltage, Rietveld refinement as well as finite elemental analysis.
Asymmetric Redox Allylic Alkylation to Access 3,3′‐Disubstituted Oxindoles Enabled by Ni/NHC Cooperative Catalysis
Authors: Fan Tao , Song Jin , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: March 2022

The feasibility of cooperative catalysis between chiral N‐heterocyclic carbenes and nickel in asymmetric reactions has been demonstrated convincingly. The high efficiency of this catalytic system enables the asymmetric allylic alkylation of isatin‐derived enals with allylic carbonates and [3+3] annulation with racemic vinyl epoxides to provide straightforward access to highly enantioenriched 3,3’‐disubstituted oxindoles. The great practicality of this method in organic synthesis has been showcased by facile product modification and enantioselective synthesis of the key building block to access (−)‐debromoflustramine B.
Cognitive engagement on social media: A study of the effects of visual cueing in educational videos
Authors: Shen Zixing , Pritchard Michael J.
Published: March 2022

The popularity of video on social media has been on a steady rise. Yet, given the criticality of engagement in computer‐mediated activities, research on engagement with videos on social media is scarce. Motivated by this research gap, we theorize and test the effects of visual cueing on cognitive engagement with videos on social media. We distinguish between voluntary and involuntary visual cues. Textual and visual signals are voluntary visual cues used deliberately to alter behavior. Involuntary visual cues such as color contrast and visual complexity direct people without their awareness. We conceptualize cognitive engagement at two levels – shallow and deep. Our analyses of YouTube videos show that visual and textual signals affect both shallow and deep cognitive engagement. Color contrast contributes to neither shallow nor deep cognitive engagement, and visual complexity boosts only deep cognitive engagement. This study adds to the theoretical understanding of cognitive engagement and visual cueing and substantiates the empirical knowledge on the effects of visual cueing on cognitive engagement with videos. Furthermore, this study is valuable for video designers and developers to optimize video engagement with the appropriate use of visual cueing.