bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial Genetic Structure of Long-tailed Ducks (Clangula hyemalis) among Alaskan, Canadian, and Russian Breeding Populations + Supplementary Appendix Tables S1 and S2 (See Article Tools)
Authors: Wilson Robert E. , Gust Judy R. , Petersen Margaret R. , Talbot Sandra L.
Published: March 2016

Arctic ecosystems are changing at an unprecedented rate. How Arctic species are able to respond to such environmental change is partially dependent on the connections between local and broadly distributed populations. For species like the Long-tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis), we have limited telemetry and band-recovery information from which to infer population structure and migratory connectivity; however, genetic analyses can offer additional insights. To examine population structure in the Long-tailed Duck, we characterized variation at mtDNA control region and microsatellite loci among four breeding areas in Alaska, Canada, and Russia. We observed significant differences in the variance of mtDNA haplotype frequencies between the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD) and the three Arctic locations (Arctic Coastal Plain in Alaska, eastern Siberia, and central Canadian Arctic). However, like most sea duck genetic assessments, our study found no evidence of population structure based on autosomal microsatellite loci. Long-tailed Ducks use multiple wintering areas where pair formation occurs with some populations using both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. This situation provides a greater opportunity for admixture across breeding locales, which would likely homogenize the nuclear genome even in the presence of female philopatry. The observed mtDNA differentiation was largely due to the presence of two divergent clades: (A) a clade showing signs of admixture among all breeding locales and (B) a clade primarily composed of YKD samples. We hypothesize that the pattern of mtDNA differentiation reflects some degree of philopatry to the YKD and isolation of two refugial populations with subsequent expansion and admixture. We recommend additional genetic assessments throughout the circumpolar range of Long-tailed Ducks to further quantify aspects of genetic diversity and migratory connectivity in this species.
Lithic Technology at Linda's Point, Healy Lake, Alaska
Authors: Younie Angela M. , Gillispie Thomas E.
Published: March 2016

Interior Alaska’s Healy Lake archaeological locality contains a cultural sequence spanning 13 500 years, beginning with some of the oldest known human occupations in Alaska. From 2011 to 2014, we conducted archaeological excavations at the Linda’s Point site. Detailed recording has clearly separated the lowest cultural component at the site and begun to clarify the contentious culture history of the Healy Lake area. The lower component, associated with a thick paleosol, contains multiple hearths, debitage, and small triangular points similar to those seen at the Healy Lake Village site. The upper silt deposits contain a variety of lithic tool types within a dense scatter of debitage and bone fragments spanning a wide time range. Linda’s Point appears to have been used as a habitation site throughout its history, changing from recurring short-term occupations in the terminal Pleistocene to more intensive site habitation and greater reliance on local lithic resources during the Holocene.
Assessing Accessibility: Are Online Courses Better Than Face-to-Face Instruction At Providing Access to Course Content for Students with Disabilities?
Authors: Massengale Lindsey R. , Vasquez Eleazar
Published: March 2016

Delivering course material in a manner that is accessible to all students including those with disabilities is important in the online environment. This article presents an analysis focusing on the accessibility of six courses presented through the Webcourses platform. Six professors volunteered one course for analysis. The tool use for analyzing the courses was the WAVE tool bar. Analysis of course was completed individually, but results were reported across courses. Overall results indicated 13 types of challenges and of these 5 were the most prevalent across courses. The author discusses a brief history of distance education, the tool used for analysis, challenges that were identified within course and offers suggestion of how to minimize those challenges. Within the methodology, screen shots of the WAVE tool bar are provided. Visual analysis of the frequency of the 13 challenges is provided. Implications of the WAVE tool are shared with future research directions.
Opting Out of the Education Reform Industry
Authors: Au Wayne , Hollar Jesslyn
Published: March 2016

Big business has long been enamored of public education. Whether shaping systems of schooling along the lines of factory production, dictating what children should learn, or cultivating private-public partnerships to gain access to government monies, corporations and their owners have insisted on being key players in the formation of education policy and practice in the United States. Analysts estimate the value of the K-12 education market at more than $700 billion dollars. Beyond their calls for students and workers to adapt to the global capitalist economy through increased competition and "accountability" in public schools, business leaders crave access to a publicly funded, potentially lucrative market—one of the last strongholds of the commons to be penetrated by neoliberalism.… In an education industry dependent on market competition to increase profitability, there is no better tool to turn teaching and learning into products—ready to measure, compare, and sell—than the high-stakes standardized tests championed by the contemporary education reform movement.

Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Collective Multi-Agent Navigation Model Based on Bacterial Quorum Sensing
Authors: Jacinto Gómez Edwar , Giral Mauricio , Martínez Sarmiento Fredy Hernán
Published: March 2016

Se presenta un modelo para el estudio, análisis, diseño y evaluación de navegación colectiva multi-agente para robots autónomos basado en comportamientos observados en bacterias. El sistema consiste de un conjunto de agentes sencillos (bacterias artificiales), los cuales a través de lecturas e interacciones locales se auto-organizan para navegar a lo largo del ambiente. Dada la estructura paralela, también resulta ser una solución muy robusta. Se muestra la estructura básica propuesta para el diseño abstrayendo las características del modelo biológico, en conjunto con un análisis de estabilidad y convergencia.
Distribución óptima de turbinas en parques eólicos mediante PSO considerando el efecto sombra
Authors: Ramírez Ramírez Juan David , Garcés Ruiz Alejandro , Arrieta Giraldo José Santiago
Published: March 2016

En este artículo se presenta una propuesta novedosa para ubicar de manera óptima las turbinas de un parque eólico, considerando el efecto sombra y cualquier disposición de vientos, usando la técnica metaheurística de optimización por enjambre de partículas (PSO). De igual manera se muestra la disposición que genera mayor energía para un caso propuesto, teniendo en cuenta las restricciones de distancias entre las turbinas, el área del parque eólico y el efecto sombra. La optimización de la energía generada por el parque se realiza para una rosa de los vientos en un periodo de tiempo determinado.
Sinn in der Arbeit von Kontrollkräften am Flughafen – soziologische und psychologische Reflexionen einer empirischen Studie
Authors: Jungmann Andrea , Bierbichler Martina , Peuker Birgit , Voss Martin
Published: March 2016

Sinnstiftung in der Arbeit ist ein vielschichtiges Phänomen. Sowohl in der Soziologie als auch der Psychologie wird es als verschiedene Bedeutungsordnungen - von der Handlungsebene bis hin zu institutionellen Strukturen - verbindend betrachtet. Wie diese Ebenen zusammenspielen und welcher Zusammenhang zwischen Sinnstiftung, Berufsidentität und Arbeitsmotivation besteht, diskutiert dieser Beitrag. Anhand empirischer Daten zum Arbeitsalltag von Kontrollkräften - dem Personal, das täglich mit den Zugangskontrollen zu den Sicherheitsbereichen am Flughafen betraut ist - wird die These erarbeitet, dass in Kontexten von Hochzuverlässigkeitsorganisationen die übergeordnete Bedeutsamkeit und der subjektiv empfundene gesellschaftliche Nutzen der Arbeitsaufgabe für die Sinnstiftung maßgeblich entscheidend wird und Konflikte auf der Interaktionsebene überblendet. Hierzu führen wir Überlegungen aus der soziologischen Theorie und der Arbeitspsychologie zusammen und reflektieren die Studienergebnisse in Bezug auf Aspekte sinnvoller Arbeit.
Reliable Averaging for the Primal Variable in the Courant FEM and Hierarchical Error Estimators on Red-Refined Meshes
Authors: Carstensen Carsten , Eigel Martin
Published: March 2016

A hierarchical a posteriori error estimator for the first-order finite element method (FEM) on a red-refined triangular mesh
is presented for the 2D Poisson model problem.
Reliability and efficiency with some explicit constant is proved for triangulations with inner angles smaller than or equal to

π
2

${\frac{\pi }{2}}$

.
The error estimator does not rely on any saturation assumption and is valid even in the pre-asymptotic regime on arbitrarily coarse meshes.
The evaluation of the estimator is a simple post-processing of the piecewise linear FEM without any extra solve plus a higher-order approximation term.
The results also allow the striking observation that arbitrary local averaging of the primal variable leads to a reliable and efficient error estimation.
Several numerical experiments illustrate the performance of the proposed a posteriori error estimator for computational benchmarks.
Combinatorics and topology of proper toric maps
Authors: de Cataldo Mark Andrea , Migliorini Luca , Mustaţă Mircea
Published: March 2016

We study the topology of toric maps. We show that if

f
:

X
→
Y

{f\colon X\to Y}

is a proper toric morphism, with X simplicial, then
the cohomology of every fiber of f is pure and of Hodge–Tate type. When the map is a fibration, we give an explicit formula for the Betti numbers
of the fibers in terms of a relative version of the f-vector,
extending the usual formula for the Betti numbers of a simplicial complete toric variety. We then describe the Decomposition Theorem
for a toric fibration, giving in particular a nonnegative combinatorial invariant attached to each cone in the fan of Y, which is positive
precisely when the corresponding closed subset of Y appears as a support in the Decomposition Theorem. The description of this invariant involves
the stalks of the intersection cohomology complexes on X and Y, but in the case when both X and Y are simplicial, there is a simple formula
in terms of the relative f-vector.
Stratified-algebraic vector bundles
Authors: Kucharz Wojciech , Kurdyka Krzysztof
Published: March 2016

We investigate stratified-algebraic vector bundles on a real algebraic
variety X. A stratification of X is a finite collection of pairwise
disjoint, Zariski locally closed subvarieties whose union is X. A
topological vector bundle ξ on X is called a stratified-algebraic
vector bundle if, roughly speaking, there exists a stratification

𝒮

{\mathcal{S}}

of X such that the restriction of ξ to each stratum S in

𝒮

{\mathcal{S}}

is an algebraic vector bundle on S. In particular, every algebraic
vector bundle on X is stratified-algebraic. It turns out that
stratified-algebraic vector bundles have many surprising properties,
which distinguish them from algebraic and topological vector bundles.
Cost Estimation in Engineer-to-Order
Manufacturing
Authors: Hooshmand Yousef , Köhler Peter , Korff-Krumm Andrea
Published: March 2016

In Engineer-to-Order (ETO) manufacturing the
price of products must be defined during early stages of
product design and during the bidding process, thus an
overestimation of product development (PD) costs may
lead to the loss of orders and an underestimation causes
a profit loss. What many ETO systems have in common is
that the products have to be developed based on different
customer requirements so that each order usually results
in a new variant. Furthermore, many customer requirement
change-requests may arise in different phases of the
PD, which is to be considered properly. Thus it is utmost
important for ETO systems to have an accurate cost estimation
in first stages of the product design and to be able
to determine the cost of customer requirement changes in
different phases of PD. This paper aims to present a cost estimation
methodology as well as a cost estimation model,
which estimate the cost of products by relative comparison
of the attributes of new product variants with the attributes
of standard product variants. In addition, as a necessity
in ETO manufacturing, the cost calculation of customer
requirement changes in different phases of PD is integrated
in the presented method.
Influence of Soret, Hall and Joule heating effects on mixed
convection flow saturated porous medium in a vertical channel
by Adomian Decomposition Method
Authors: Reddy Ch. Ram , Kaladhar K. , Srinivasacharya D. , Pradeepa T.
Published: March 2016

This paper analyzes the laminar, incompressible
mixed convective transport inside vertical channel in an
electrically conducting fluid saturated porous medium. In
addition, this model incorporates the combined effects of
Soret, Hall current and Joule heating. The nonlinear governing
equations and their related boundary conditions
are initially cast into a dimensionless form using suitable
similarity transformations and hence solved using Adomian
Decomposition Method (ADM). In order to explore
the influence of various parameters on fluid flow properties,
quantitative analysis is exhibited graphically and
shown in tabular form.
Investigation of combined heat and mass transfer between
vertical parallel plates in a two-layer flow of couple stress
nanofluid
Authors: Khan Najeeb Alam , Sultan Faqiha , Riaz Fatima , Jamil Muhammad
Published: March 2016

This study is an investigation of fully-developed
laminar flow in a two-layer vertical channel; one part filled
with couple stress nanofluid and the other part with clear
couple stress fluid. The flow is examined for combined
heat and mass transfer using uniform wall temperature
and concentration boundary conditions. Optimal homotopy
analysis method (OHAM) is used to solve the nonlinear
coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) governing
the flow in each region. This method is based on
the homotopy analysis method (HAM)which is an effective
method to analytically approximate the solution of highly
nonlinear problems. The influence of pertinent parameters
is observed on velocity, temperature, and concentration
distributions, specifically, the effect of Brownian parameter
on couple stress fluid is mentioned.
Specifying the Auslander–Reiten translation for complexes of modules
Authors: Salarian Shokrollah , Vahed Razieh
Published: March 2016

We describe explicitly the Auslander–Reiten translation in the category of bounded complexes of finitely generated maximal Cohen–Macaulay modules, 𝐂b(CM R), over a commutative local Cohen–Macaulay ring R with a canonical module ω. Then the Auslander–Reiten formula is generalized for complexes in 𝐂b(CM R) and we prove the existence theorem of Auslander–Reiten sequences.
As an application of our results, we investigate the existence of Auslander–Reiten triangles in the category of perfect complexes as a full triangulated subcategory of 𝐃b(mod R).
Some remarks on quasi-Frobenius rings
Authors: Zhu Zhanmin
Published: March 2016

We give some new characterizations
of quasi-Frobenius rings by means of YJ-injective rings and JGP-injective rings, respectively. For example, we show that a two-sided YJ-injective right noetherian ring is quasi-Frobenius, which gives an affirmative answer to an open question asked by Roger Yue Chi Ming; a right CF, semiregular, right JGP-injective ring is quasi-Frobenius, which improves the result on p-injective rings obtained by Jianlong Chen. Moreover, a series of conditions is given under which a left noetherian left mininjective right JGP-injective ring is quasi-Frobenius.
Elementary volume and measurability properties of additive functions
Authors: Kasrashvili Tamar , Kirtadze Aleks
Published: March 2016

The paper is concerned with some aspects of the theory of
elementary volume from the measure-theoretical standpoint. It is shown
that there exists a nontrivial solution of Cauchy's functional equation, nonmeasurable
with respect to every translation invariant measure on the real line, extending the one-dimensional
Lebesgue measure.
Improving Rheological and Baking Properties of Gluten-Free Breads Using Defatted Hazelnut Flour with Various Gums
Authors: Tunç Merve T. , Kahyaoglu Talip
Published: March 2016

Defatted hazelnut flour (DHF) in different levels (5 %, 10 % and 15 %) of locust bean, guar and xanthan gum were added in rice-based gluten-free formulations to improve rheological properties of dough and baking properties of bread. The rheological characteristics of dough samples were determined by steady flow curves and dynamic tests. The baking properties of breads were evaluated by specific volume, Textural Profile Analysis (TPA) parameters and color values. The rheological measurements showed that all gluten-free dough had pseudoplastic behavior. Specific volume values of breads ranged from 2.20 to 2.83 cm3/g. Gum addition enhanced the specific volume of gluten-free breads. Hardness values of gluten-free breads ranged from 1,069.80 to 3,135.88 g and DHF addition of gluten-free formulations caused significant decrease of the hardness values of breads (p < 0.05). DHF addition in gluten-free formulations made bread crumb darker than bread without DHF and gum. DHF addition also increased a and b values of gluten-free bread’s crumb.
Finite groups with coprime character degrees and codegrees
Authors: Liang Dengfeng , Qian Guohua
Published: March 2016

We investigate the structure of finite groups G in which

gcd
⁡

(

χ
⁢

(
1
)

,

|
G
:
ker
χ
|

χ
⁢

(
1
)

)

=
1

${\operatorname{gcd}(\chi(1),\frac{|G:\ker\chi|}{\chi(1)})=1}$

for all irreducible characters
χ of G.
Fracture and Mechanical Characteristics Degradation of Glass Fiber Reinforced Petroleum epoxy Pipes
Authors: Abdellah Mohammed Y. , Hassan Mohamed K. , Alsoufi Mohammad S.
Published: March 2016

Pipes made from glass fiber reinforced polymer have a competitive role in the petroleum industry. These types of pipes mainly be set up underground to carry waste water in petroleum field. The environment of the pipes underground besides the effect of water condensed with chlorine gas creates chemical corrosion (degradation) for composite polymeric pipes. The chemical corrosion in such polymeric material is in the form of degradation in fracture and mechanical characteristics. Therefore, the degree of corrosion is determined through its effect on the mechanical and fracture properties of glass fiber reinforced pipes. Therefore, tension and bending tests are performed to obtain the mechanical properties of (GRP) before and after corrosion and a compact tension test is carried out to obtain the fracture toughness of such material. As well as the tests are performed before and after immersion in corrosive waste petroleum water for about 1,440 h. The degradation that is induced in the mechanical and fracture properties are observed. The measured fracture toughness in the compact tension test is influenced by the effect of the corrosion water. Alternatively, a bending test is more acceptable for such brittle material.
Comparison of precipitable water over Ghana
using GPS signals and reanalysis products
Authors: Acheampong A. A. , Fosu C. , Amekudzi L. K. , Kaas E.
Published: March 2016

Signals from Global Navigational Satellite Systems
(GNSS) when integrated with surface meteorological
parameters can be used to sense atmospheric water
vapour. Using gLAB software and employing precise point
positioning techniques, zenith troposphere delays (ZTD)
for a GPS base station at KNUST, Kumasi have been computed
and used to retrieve Precipitable Water (PW). The
PW values obtained were compared with products from
ERA-Interim and NCEP reanalysis data. The correlation
coefficients, r, determined from these comparisons were
0.839 and 0.729 for ERA-interim and NCEP respectively.
This study has demonstrated that water vapour can be
retrieved with high precision from GNSS signal. Furthermore,
a location map have been produced to serve as a
guide in adopting and installing GNSS base stations in
Ghana to achieve a country wide coverage of GNSS based
water vapour monitoring.
An upwind-based scheme for solving the oblique
derivative boundary-value problem related to
physical geodesy
Authors: Macák Marek , Čunderlík Róbert , Mikula Karol , Minarechová Zuzana
Published: March 2016

The paper presents a novel original upwindbased
approach for solving the oblique derivative boundary
value problem by the finite volume method. In this approach,
the oblique derivative boundary condition is interpreted
as a stationary advection equation for the unknown
disturbing potential. Its approximation is then performed
by using the first order upwind scheme taking into account
information from inflow parts of the finite volume boundary
only. When the numerical scheme is derived, numerical
simulations in 2D and 3D domains are performed and
the experimental order of convergence of the proposed algorithm
is studied. Moreover a comparison with a solution
by the central scheme previously used for this kind
of problem is performed. Finally we present numerical experiments
dealing with the global and local gravity field
modelling.
More confounders at global and decadal scales in
detecting recent sea level accelerations
Authors: Bâki Iz H.
Published: March 2016

The residuals of 27 globally distributed long tide
gauge recordswere scrutinized after removing the globally
compounding effect of the periodic lunar node tides and
almost periodic solar radiation’s sub and superharmonics
from the tide gauge data. The spectral analysis of the
residuals revealed additional unmodeled periodicities at
decadal scales, 19 of which are within the close range of
12–14 years, at 27 tide gauge stations. The amplitudes of
the periodicitieswere subsequently estimated for the spectrally
detected periods and they were found to be statistically
significant (p «0.05) for 18 out of 27 globally distributed
tide gauge stations. It was shown that the estimated
amplitudes at different localities may have biased
the outcome of all the previous studies based on tide gauge
or satellite altimetry data that did not account for these periodicities,
within the range −0.5 – 0.5 mm/yr., acting as
another confounder in detecting 21st century sea level rise.
Crystal structure of poly[diaqua-μ5-4-(3,5-dicarboxylato-κ
3
O
1:O
2:O
3-phenoxy)phthalato-κ
3
O
5,O
7:O
8)(μ2-4-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)pyridine-κ
2
N:N′)dicobalt(II)] C24H16N3O11Co2
Authors: Yao Li-Ping , Zhao Yan
Published: March 2016

C24H16N3O11Co2, monoclinic, P21/n, a = 7.3343(2) Å, b = 42.2275(12) Å, c = 7.5118(2) Å, β = 100.988(3)°, V = 2283.82(11) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0365, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1142, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of catenapoly[diaqua-(μ
24,4′-bipyridine)-κ
2
N:N′)-bis(2,6-difluorobenzoate)-κO)nickel(II)] ethanol monosolvate, C28H30F4N2O8Ni
Authors: Hou-Qun Yuan , Wei Xiao , Chun-Yan Hu , Guang-Ming Bao
Published: March 2016

C28H30F4N2O8Ni, Monoclinic, P2
1/n, a = 10.164(7) Å, b = 13.927(9) Å, c = 11.409(8) Å, β = 111.863(10) V = 1498.9(18) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0389, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0957, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-perimidine, C18H16N2O
Authors: Li Hong-Mei , Zu En-Pu , Xu Chen
Published: March 2016

C18H16N2O, Monoclinic, P21/c, a = 12.1735(3) Å, b = 7.36483(18) Å, c = 16.1137(4) Å, β = 103.028(2)°, V = 1407.50(6) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0387, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1087, T = 291.15 K.
Crystal structure of poly[dibromido-(μ
2–4,4′-bis-(pyrid-4-yl)biphenyl-κ
2
N:N′)lead(II)], C22H16N2PbBr2
Authors: Zhao Yan , Hu Xu-Ze , Zhang Rui
Published: March 2016

C22H16N2Br2Pb, monoclinic, C2/c, a = 32.262(11) Å, b = 4.2743(15) Å, c = 16.205(6) Å, β = 115.582(4)°, V = 2015.5(12) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0578, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1163, T = 296(2) K.
The crystal structure of 3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-oxadiazinane, C3H6N4O5
Authors: Jing Li , Jianlong Wang
Published: March 2016

C3H6N4O5, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 5.8128(13) Å, b = 17.2389(14) Å, c = 7.1072(6) Å, β = 112.056(16)°, V = 660.06(16) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0330, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0752, T = 103.0 K.
Integrated optical biosensor for rapid detection of bacteria
Authors: Mathesz Anna , Valkai Sándor , Újvárosy Attila , Aekbote Badri , Sipos Orsolya , Stercz Balázs , Kocsis Béla , Szabó Dóra , Dér András
Published: March 2016

In medical diagnostics, rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria from body fluids is one of the basic issues. Most state-of-the-art methods require optical labeling, increasing the complexity, duration and cost of the analysis. Therefore, there is a strong need for developing selective sensory devices based on label-free techniques, in order to increase the speed, and reduce the cost of detection. In a recent paper, we have shown that an integrated optical Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a highly sensitive all-optical device made of a cheap photopolymer, can be used as a powerful lab-on-a-chip tool for specific, labelfree detection of proteins. By proper modifications of this technique, our interferometric biosensor was combined with a microfluidic system allowing the rapid and specific detection of bacteria from solutions, having the surface of the sensor functionalized by bacterium-specific antibodies. The experiments proved that the biosensor was able to detect Escherichia coli bacteria at concentrations of 106 cfu/ml within a few minutes, that makes our device an appropriate tool for fast, label-free detection of bacteria from body fluids such as urine or sputum. On the other hand, possible applications of the device may not be restricted to medical microbiology, since bacterial identification is an important task in microbial forensics, criminal investigations, bio-terrorism threats and in environmental studies, as well.
Isotopic compositions of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Meija Juris , Coplen Tyler B. , Berglund Michael , Brand Willi A. , De Bièvre Paul , Gröning Manfred , Holden Norman E. , Irrgeher Johanna , Loss Robert D. , Walczyk Thomas , Prohaska Thomas
Published: March 2016

The Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (ciaaw.org) of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (iupac.org) has revised the Table of Isotopic Compositions of the Elements (TICE). The update involved a critical evaluation of the recent published literature. The new TICE 2013 includes evaluated data from the “best measurement” of the isotopic abundances in a single sample, along with a set of representative isotopic abundances and uncertainties that accommodate known variations in normal terrestrial materials.
An efficient algorithm for solving fractional differential equations with boundary conditions
Authors: Alkan Sertan , Yildirim Kenan , Secer Aydin
Published: March 2016

In this paper, a sinc-collocation method is described to determine the approximate solution of fractional order boundary value problem (FBVP). The results obtained are presented as two new theorems. The fractional derivatives are defined in the Caputo sense, which is often used in fractional calculus. In order to demonstrate the efficiency and capacity of the present method, it is applied to some FBVP with variable coefficients. Obtained results are compared to exact solutions as well as Cubic Spline solutions. The comparisons can be used to conclude that sinc-collocation method is powerful and promising method for determining the approximate solutions of FBVPs in different types of scenarios.
Logical entropy of quantum dynamical systems
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Abolfazl
Published: March 2016

This paper introduces the concepts of logical entropy and conditional logical entropy of hnite partitions on a quantum logic. Some of their ergodic properties are presented. Also logical entropy of a quantum dynamical system is dehned and ergodic properties of dynamical systems on a quantum logic are investigated. Finally, the version of Kolmogorov-Sinai theorem is proved.
Time-consistency of risk measures with GARCH volatilities and their estimation
Authors: Klüppelberg Claudia , Zhang Jianing
Published: March 2016

In this paper we study time-consistent risk measures for returns that are given by a GARCH(1,1) model. We present a construction of risk measures based on their static counterparts that overcomes the lack of time-consistency. We then study in detail our construction for the risk measures Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Average Value-at-Risk (AVaR). While in the VaR case we can derive an analytical formula for its time-consistent counterpart, in the AVaR case we derive lower and upper bounds to its time-consistent version. Furthermore, we incorporate techniques from extreme value theory (EVT) to allow for a more tail-geared statistical analysis of the corresponding risk measures. We conclude with an application of our results to a data set of stock prices.
Crystal structures of 3-(2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-2-(m- and p-nitrophenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones: different roles of the oxygen atoms
Authors: Facchinetti Victor , Gomes Claudia R.B. , Cunico Wilson , Wardell Solange M.S.V. , Wardell James L.
Published: March 2016

The crystal structures of two isomeric 3-(2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-2-(aryl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one compounds (1: aryl=4-O2NC6H4; 2: aryl=3-O2NC6H4) are reported. In both these nonplanar, compounds, the carbonyl oxygen is involved in intramolecular C–H···O hydrogen bonds. However, there are significant differences in the sets of intermolecular interactions, in particular the roles of the oxygen atoms, exhibited by the two compounds. Thus in 1, a dioxolyl oxygen and the two nitro group oxygen atoms are each involved in different chain forming C–H···O intermolecular hydrogen bonds, while the carbonyl oxygen atom is not involved in any intermolecular interaction. In 2, the dioxolyl oxygen atom is involved in the formation of centrosymmetric dimers, the carbonyl oxygen in three different C–H···O hydrogen bonds and the nitro group oxygens in two N–O···π(aryl) interactions. Compound 2 exhibits also C–H···π(phenyl), π(phenyl)···π(phenyl) and π(benzodioxolyl)···π(benzodioxolyl) interactions, while in 1 only the latter interaction is present. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group, P21/a with Z=4, while compound 2 crystallizes in the triclinic space group, P1̅, with Z=2.
Creation and Salvation in Hebrews
Authors: Filtvedt Ole Jakob
Published: March 2016

Der Aufsatz sucht die Ansicht infrage zu stellen, dass der Hebräerbrief eine negative Sicht auf die Schöpfung habe. Zunächst wird das Verhältnis zwischen Jesu Rolle als Mitschöpfer aller Dinge und seiner Stellung als eschatologischer Erbe aller Dinge untersucht. Sodann wird die Tatsache in den Blick genommen, dass sich der Hebräerbrief auf die Schöpfungserzählung der Genesis bezieht, um eines seiner eschatologischen Hauptthemen zu entwickeln, nämlich die Vorstellung, dass Gottes Volk immer noch eine Sabbatruhe erwartet. In einem weiteren Schritt wendet sich der Aufsatz der kultischen Interpretation des Christusgeschehens zu und fragt, ob der im Hebräerbrief für das Christusgeschehen angenommene räumliche Kontext voraussetzt, dass Christus die Schöpfung verlässt, um einen unerschaffenen oder immateriellen Bereich zu betreten. Schließlich fragt der Beitrag nach dem zukünftigen Schicksal der Schöpfung.
Coupling spatial segregation with synthetic circuits to control bacterial survival
Authors: Huang Shuqiang , Lee Anna Jisu , Tsoi Ryan , Wu Feilun , Zhang Ying , Leong Kam W , You Lingchong
Published: March 2016

Engineered bacteria have great potential for medical and environmental applications. Fulfilling this potential requires controllability over engineered behaviors and scalability of the engineered systems. Here, we present a platform technology, microbial swarmbot, which employs spatial arrangement to control the growth dynamics of engineered bacteria. As a proof of principle, we demonstrated a safeguard strategy to prevent unintended bacterial proliferation. In particular, we adopted several synthetic gene circuits to program collective survival in Escherichia coli: the engineered bacteria could only survive when present at sufficiently high population densities. When encapsulated by permeable membranes, these bacteria can sense the local environment and respond accordingly. The cells inside the microbial swarmbot capsules will survive due to their high densities. Those escaping from a capsule, however, will be killed due to a decrease in their densities. We demonstrate that this design concept is modular and readily generalizable. Our work lays the foundation for engineering integrated and programmable control of hybrid biological–material systems for diverse applications.
Examination of the Comorbidity of Mental Illness and Somatic Conditions in Hospitalized Children in the United States Using the Kids’ Inpatient Database, 2009
Authors: Sztein Dina M. , Lane Wendy G.
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE:

To examine the associations between mental and physical illness in hospitalized children.

METHODS:

The data for this analysis came from the 2009 Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID). Any child with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code indicative of depressive, anxiety, or bipolar disorders or a diagnosis of sickle cell disease, diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2, asthma, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were included. Using SAS software, we performed χ2 tests and multivariable logistic regression to determine degrees of association.

RESULTS:

Children discharged with sickle cell disease, asthma, diabetes mellitus type 1, diabetes mellitus type 2, and ADHD were 0.94, 2.76, 3.50, 6.37, and 38.39 times more likely to have a comorbid anxiety, depression, or bipolar disorder diagnosis than other hospitalized children, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Children with several chronic physical illnesses (asthma, diabetes mellitus type 1, diabetes mellitus type 2) and mental illnesses (ADHD) have higher odds of being discharged from the hospital with a comorbid mood or anxiety disorder compared with other children discharged from the hospital. It is therefore important to screen children hospitalized with chronic medical conditions for comorbid mental illness to ensure optimal clinical care, to improve overall health and long-term outcomes for these children.
Estado actual de la integración de tecnologías digitales en la enseñanza de idiomas en la Escuela de Lenguas Modernas de la Universidad de Costa Ric
Authors: Escalante Arauz Patricia
Published: March 2016

Debido al gran impacto que han tenido las tecnologías digitales en la sociedad del siglo XXI, y la importancia que tiene para los profesionales de todos los ámbitos integrarlas en su vida diaria y además dominar otros idiomas, surge la inquietud de conocer cómo se está haciendo esa integración en los cursos de la Escuela de Lenguas Modernas. Los docentes participaron en este estudio por medio de un cuestionario y un grupo focal para conocer su posición y experiencia con respecto a la integración de tecnología en el currículo. Además, los estudiantes también participaron respondiendo a un cuestionario relacionado con la forma en que ellos las integran no sólo en su vida diaria sino también en su quehacer académico. 
Dinámicas para las instituciones de educación superior del siglo XXI implementadas en el Bachillerato en la Enseñanza del Inglés de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica
Authors: Cordero Badilla Damaris , Chaves Carballo Olga
Published: March 2016

El objetivo de esta investigación exploratoria es conocer e indagar sobre la implementación de las recomendaciones dadas desde la primera Conferencia Mundial de Educación Superior, otras conferencias regionales (Cartagena de Indias, Macao, Dakar, Nueva Delhi, Bucarest y El Cairo), y las Conferencias Mundiales de Educación Superior 2009 y 2012 en el Bachillerato en la Enseñanza del Inglés (BEI), carrera acreditada de la Escuela de Literatura y Ciencias del Lenguaje (ELCL) de la Universidad Nacional (UNA). Se diseñó un cuestionario y se aplicó a un grupo de 13 estudiantes del BEI, 24 docentes del Área de Inglés y al director de la ELCL, además de una entrevista a la Rectora de la UNA realizada en los meses de abril y mayo de 2014. Los resultados revelan que el BEI estimula el pensamiento crítico, la creatividad, y las competencias profesionales que requieren los estudiantes y los docentes. Sin embargo, se requiere más investigación en los cursos. La Rectora indica que las recomendaciones de las conferencias internacionales seleccionadas para este estudio están aplicándose en la UNA a partir de la puesta en marcha de diferentes programas, proyectos y comisiones, así como en el modelo pedagógico. 
Adoptar una pedagogía motivadora e interactiva de la competencia oral hacia la competencia escrita, en una clase de lengua extranjera
Authors: Ulloa Aguilar Renato
Published: March 2016

En la actualidad, en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras convergen muchos factores que son fundamentales para su buen desarrollo; tal es el caso de la motivación intrínseca en el estudiantado pero también en aquella ejercida por el docente. Además, la valorización de los diversos estilos de aprendizaje, así como de los diferentes tipos de inteligencia, agregan sus aportes a dichos procesos. Asimismo, la creación de puentes entre el desarrollo de la competencia oral y la competencia escrita, durante el transcurrir de la enseñanza-aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras, se ha convertido en un tema relevante con miras a la optimización del aprendizaje de una segunda lengua. 
Propiedad intelectual y libre acceso a la información: aporía actual del conocimiento
Authors: Guevara Quiel Francisco
Published: March 2016

Este artículo se enfoca en la resolución C-117/13 de la Corte de Justicia Europea sobre la flexibilización de los derechos de autor para fines científicos y académicos. Abordamos también el problema del libre acceso a la información y aportamos ciertos elementos de reflexión en relación con las sociedades de la información, nuevo paradigma del conocimiento del siglo XXI. 
La sabiduría virtual: el ciberplagio universitario
Authors: Casasola Rivera Wílmer
Published: March 2016

Este trabajo constituye una breve reflexión sobre el plagio universitario a partir de diferentes medios pero, principalmente, de Internet, el cual es llamado sabiduría virtual. El artículo discute brevemente algunas consecuencias de la práctica del plagio universitario y la forma como lo estamos enfrentando. 
Xitai西泰 o “la Eminencia del Oeste” y su encrucijada al inventar a Deus en la mente de Kongzi 孔子 a 2000 años de su muerte
Authors: Martínez Esquivel Ricardo Martínez Esquivel
Published: March 2016

En 1583, en la ciudad de Zhaoqing, la primera misión cristiana obtuvo permiso imperial para instalarse en China. Esta misión estuvo dirigida por los jesuitas Michele Ruggieri y Matteo Ricci, quienes llegaron con la visión de predicar el evangelio de Iesus. Pero, ¿qué sucede si históricamente en los imaginarios chinos el arquetipo de Dios nunca estuvo presente? Ante esta situación, Ricci comprendió la importancia de las enseñanzas de Confucio en la mentalidad china, por lo que intentó identificar y finalmente construir en su pensamiento la figura de Dios, aunquellevara más de 2000 años muerto. La estrategia consistió en representar al temprano confucianismo como una religión natural dada por la revelación divina, pero carente del anuncio de Cristo y depravada a través de los siglos con ideas provenientes del daoísmo y el budismo, transformándose así en el neoconfucianismo. De ahí que, según Ricci, se necesitaba limpiarla de estas influencias para que pudiera experimentar la luz revelada de la Iglesia Católica. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el proceso de construcción del confucianismo como una religión natural con énfasis en la invención de un ser único, divino y creador en el pensamiento de Confucio.

 
Psychiatric and legal aspects of the use of direct coercion in special education
Authors:   Zakład Prawa Medycznego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Łodzi, Polska. Kierownik: dr hab. n. praw. Rafał Kubiak, Kmieciak Błażej
Published: March 2016

Use of direct coercion is a very peculiar situation, as it requires the use of force against another human being. Licence to take such action must be governed by the law, in the case of psychiatric care stipulated in the provisions of Mental Health Protection Act. Under this act, doctors and nurses are authorised to use such means as restraint, seclusion, and/or administration of relevant drugs under force to a patient displaying aggressive or auto-aggressive behaviour. Similar behaviours, however, can also be presented by special education students, some of who were once patients of psychiatric hospitals. Educators in schools are not allowed or authorised to use physical force against a student. What should a teacher do in a situation of aggression on the part of a student to protect their own and other people’s safety? Is it permissible in certain situations to restrain a student? Perhaps in some clearly defined cases teachers have an obligation to use force against a student with a disability? This article is an attempt to answer these questions.
Friction Behaviour of Multilayered Graphene against Steel
Authors: Banerji A. , Bhowmick S. , Lukitsch M.J. , Alpas A.T.
Published: March 2016

Frictional behaviour of multilayered graphene was studied in air with different relative humidity (RH) levels (10–52% RH). Pin-on-disk type sliding tests were performed and the running-in and steady state coefficient of friction (COF) values were measured against M2 tool steel counterface. On increasing the RH, multilayered graphene showed a reduction in steady state COF from 0.11 at 10% RH to 0.08 at 52% RH. The low steady state COF values observed in graphene could be attributed to the transfer layer formed on the M2 tool steel counterface. A sliding-induced structural change was observed in graphene transfer layers which could have facilitated the graphitic transfer layer formation. The multilayered graphene showed a lower steady state COF values at all RH compared to non-hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (NH-DLC) which recorded a steady state COF of 0.47 at 10% RH and 0.25 at 52% RH.
Mathematical and Physical Modeling of Three-Phase Gas-Stirred Ladles
Authors: López Juan A. , Ramírez-Argáez Marco A. , Amaro-Villeda Adrián M. , González Carlos
Published: March 2016

A very realistic 1:17 scale physical model of a 140-ton gas-stirred industrial steel ladle was used to evaluate flow patterns measured by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), considering a three-phase system (air-water-oil) to simulate the argon-steel-slag system and to quantify the effect of the slag layer on the flow patterns. The flow patterns were evaluated for a single injector located at the center of the ladle bottom with a gas flow rate of 2.85 l/min, with the presence of a slag phase with a thickness of 0.0066 m. The experimental results obtained in this work are in excellent agreement with the trends reported in the literature for these gas-stirred ladles. Additionally, a mathematical model was developed in a 2D gas-stirred ladle considering the three-phase system built in the physical model. The model was based on the Eulerian approach in which the continuity and the Navier Stokes equations are solved for each phase. Therefore, there were three continuity and six Navier-Stokes equations in the system. Additionally, turbulence in the ladle was computed by using the standard k-epsilon turbulent model. The agreement between numerical simulations and experiments was excellent with respect to velocity fields and turbulent structure, which sets the basis for future works on process analysis with the developed mathematical model, since there are only a few three-phase models reported so far in the literature to predict fluid dynamics in gas-stirred steel ladles.
Desarrollo de equipo prototipo para aplicación de estimulación eléctrica transcutánea en procesos de neurorrehabilitación de personas con parálisis facial periférica
Authors: Quintero Muñoz Jorge Eduardo
Published: March 2016

El artículo presenta el desarrollo de un prototipo de equipo electrónico para estimulación eléctrica transcutánea en el tratamiento de rehabilitación neuromuscular de pacientes con parálisis facial. La energía electroterapéutica es generada por fuentes de corriente que consisten en formas de onda de pulsos rectangulares bifásicos, a los que se puede ajustar el ancho, la frecuencia y la intensidad. Para garantizar la seguridad eléctrica del paciente el equipo es alimentado por baterías. Las formas de onda y los parámetros terapéuticos están controlados por un microcontrolador. Lo que diferencia a este equipo de los disponibles en el mercado para esta aplicación específica, es su diseño con cuatro canales independientes para terapia pasiva, que puede estimular más de un paquete neuromuscular a la vez, y un canal adicional para terapia activa, donde el terapeuta aplica dinámicamente la energía eléctrica mediante el movimiento del electrodo activo en la superficie de la cara.
Aprovechamiento de terrazas en campus universitarios como cubiertas verdes
Authors: León Téllez Hugo Alberto
Published: March 2016

Este artículo presenta una alternativa de aprovechamiento de cubiertas en los últimos niveles de las edificaciones de campus universitarios a manera de cubiertas verdes, como opción ambiental y constructiva ante el problema de la ausencia de espacios para el ocio e interacción con la naturaleza, por parte de la comunidad educativa.  Esta alternativa forma parte del  proyecto de investigación Diseño de cubiertas verdes ecoeficientes y ambientalmente sostenibles para campus universitarios, desarrollado por el autor, en sus estudios de maestría en “Derecho para el urbanismo y desarrollo territorial sostenible” de la Universidad de Santander.  Así, se ofrece en primer término, la formulación del problema; en segundo lugar, se exponen los resultados de estudios preliminares realizados para un campus universitario muestra como son: levantamiento topográfico y arquitectónico, estudios de suelos, necesidades de espacio y estudios legales; para finalizar con el proceso constructivo de la cubierta verde y las conclusiones correspondientes.
Drenajes ácidos de mina formación y manejo
Authors: Chaparro Leal Laura Teresa
Published: March 2016

El presente artículo describe los drenajes ácidos de mina o de roca como una de las principales problemáticas ambientales que generan los trabajos mineros en los ámbitos nacional e internacional, donde se da a conocer diariamente, su formación, sus principales impactos y el manejo adecuado que se debe hacer de ellos para evitar su generación o para efectuar su remediación y tratamiento en los casos donde ya existen. Adicionalmente se enuncian algunas posibilidades económicas que pueden tener los subproductos del tratamiento de los DAM para intentar transformar un pasivo ambiental en una oportunidad económica, en las situaciones donde  problema es irreversible.