bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Preparation of Diverse Dipyrrolemethanes.
Authors: Pham Cindy C. , Park Michelle H. , Pham Jenny Y. , Martin Sadie G. , Schramm Michael P.
Published: August 2013

A simple protocol allows the TosOH‐mediated condensation of pyrrole derivatives with aldehydes where the substitution pattern of the pyrroles has a significant influence on the yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of γ‐, δ‐, and ε‐Lactams by Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of N‐(tert‐Butylsulfinyl)iminoesters.
Authors: Guijarro David , Pablo Oscar , Yus Miguel
Published: August 2013

A simple, versatile, and effective procedure for the synthesis of the title lactams is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: The Photochemical Synthesis of N‐Arylacetyl Lactams
Authors: Jiang Lei , Ma Nan , Qiu Jun , Zhang Ronghua
Published: August 2013

from corresponding N‐phenylglyoxylic acids (I)
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild and Highly Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,3,5‐Triaryl‐2‐pyrazolines.
Authors: Movassagh B. , Rooh H. , Bijanzadeh H. R.
Published: August 2013

The presented synthesis of 1,3,5‐triaryl‐2‐pyrazolines (IV) is in general very fast (3—13 min) and clean.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic C(sp2)—H Functionalization for C—N Bond Formation: Synthesis of Pyrazoles and Indazoles.
Authors: Li Xianwei , He Li , Chen Huoji , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: August 2013

A simple, practical and highly efficient synthesis of a wide range of different substituted pyrazoles and indazoles starting from hydrazone derivatives under mild reaction conditions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,5‐Bis(hetero)aryl 4′‐Substituted 4,5′‐Bisoxazoles via Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Domino Reactions of Activated Methylene Isocyanides with 2‐Phenyl‐ and 2‐(2‐Thienyl)‐4‐ [(aryl/heteroaryl)(methylthio)methylene]oxazol‐5(4H)‐ones.
Authors: Yugandar Somaraju , Acharya Anand , Ila Hiriyakkanavar
Published: August 2013

For the novel, mild, and efficient title copper‐catalyzed domino process a broad substrate scope and excellent functional group compatibility is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Reaction Between Ethyl N‐(4‐Oxo‐2‐thioxothiazolidin‐3‐yl)oxalamate and Acetylenic Esters in the Presence of Triphenylphosphine
Authors: Hassanabadi Alireza
Published: August 2013

as a method for the efficient preparation of functionalized 3‐pyrrolin‐2‐ones (V)
ChemInform Abstract: Alkyne—Azide Cycloadditions with Copper Powder in a High‐Pressure Continuous‐Flow Reactor: High‐Temperature Conditions versus the Role of Additives.
Authors: Oetvoes Sandor B. , Mandity Istvan M. , Kiss Lorand , Fueloep Ferenc
Published: August 2013

A simple and inexpensive flow‐chemistry based procedure is implemented for Cu‐Catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions of organic azides and acetylenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of Ester Formylhydrazones for the Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazole and 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Derivatives.
Authors: Yildirim Nuri , Bekircan Olcay
Published: August 2013

Treatment of formylhydrazone derivatives (I) with carbohydrazide (II) gives 4‐aminotriazolone derivatives (III), whilst reaction of formylhydrazones (I) with hydrazides gives 4‐acylaminotriazole (V) or oxadiazole derivatives (VII) depending on the size of the substituents on the hydrazide as well as hydrazone species.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient and Efficient Synthesis of Coumarin‐Containing Phthalides and Derivatives.
Authors: Shen Shao‐Chun , Sun Xing‐Wen , Lin Guoqiang
Published: August 2013

A simple protocol using water as the solvent allows the synthesis of phthalides connected with quinoline or coumarin units.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Silica Supported Perchloric Acid Nanoparticles (HClO4—SiO2 NPs): Efficient Synthesis of Biscoumarin Derivatives in Water.
Authors: Sadeghi Bahareh
Published: August 2013

Biscoumarin derivatives (III) and (V) are obtained in a simple and efficient reaction between aromatic aldehydes (II) or phenylglyoxals (IV) and 4‐hydroxycoumarin (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Iodide Nanoparticles on Poly(4‐vinylpyridine): A New and Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of 1,8‐Dioxooctahydroxanthenes under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Albadi Jalal , Keshavarz Mosadegh , Abedini Masoumeh , Khoshakhlagh Moloud
Published: August 2013

The catalyst can be recovered by simple filtration and reused up to 10 consecutive runs without loss of its efficiency.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient Access to Enantiopure Tetrahydropyridines: Dual‐Organocatalyst‐Promoted Asymmetric Cascade Reaction.
Authors: Lin Hua , Tan Yu , Liu Wen‐Jie , Zhang Zhi‐Cheng , Sun Xing‐Wen , Lin Guo‐Qiang
Published: August 2013

A novel, highly efficient cascade process of Michael—aza—Henry—hemiaminalization—dehydration for the construction of enantiopure tetrahydropyridine derivatives is developed using a combination of proline silyl ether and cinchona alkaloid catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: C(sp3)—H Bond Arylations Catalyzed by Well‐Defined [Ru(O2CMes)2(p‐cymene)].
Authors: Kumar N. Y. Phani , Jeyachandran Rajkumar , Ackermann Lutz
Published: August 2013

An unprecedented use of the title catalyst for C(sp3)—H bond functionalization is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Benzannulation of Electronically Rich/Rich and Deficient/Deficient Oxoalkynes with Alkynes.
Authors: Panda Biswajit , Sarkar Tarun K.
Published: August 2013

Two novel strategies which employ highly electron‐deficient gold catalysts render possible the benzannulation of oxoalkynes with alkynes (electron‐rich/electron‐rich or electron‐deficient/electron‐deficient) to give quinoline or isoquinoline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Complementary Regioselectivity in Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Insertions of Potassium Vinyltrifluoroborate via C—H Activation: Preparation and Use of 4‐Trifluoroboratotetrahydroisoquinolones.
Authors: Presset Marc , Oehlrich Daniel , Rombouts Frederik , Molander Gary A.
Published: August 2013

The Rh(III)‐catalyzed annulations of benzhydroxamates with potassium vinyltrifluoroborate proceed with high regioselectivity in most of the cases and in a fashion that is regiocomplementary to that of most terminal alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Gold Complex‐Catalyzed Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction of Diazenes: Highly Enantioselective and General for Dienes
Authors: Liu Bin , Li Kang‐Nan , Luo Shi‐Wei , Huang Jian‐Zhou , Pang Huan , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: August 2013

A chiral gold(I) complex‐catalyzed highly regio‐ and enantioselective aza hetero‐Diels—Alder (HDA) reaction is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6‐Alkyluridines from 6‐Cyanouridine via Zinc(II) Chloride‐Catalyzed Nucleophilic Substitution with Alkyl Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Shih Yu‐Chiao , Yang Ya‐Ying , Lin Chun‐Chi , Chien Tun‐Cheng
Published: August 2013

The presented methodology can also be applied to sugar‐protected 6‐cyanouridine without the protection at the N3‐imide.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of 5,7‐Bicyclic Ring Systems from Axially Chiral Allenes Using a Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Cyclocarbonylation Reaction.
Authors: Grillet Francois , Brummond Kay M.
Published: August 2013

Different substituted axially chiral allene derivatives are converted to bicyclic ring systems via a Pauson‐Khand reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Vicinal Thieno[2,3‐b]pyridine Aminoamides with Lawesson′s Reagent.
Authors: Red'kin V. M. , Stroganova T. A. , Vasilin V. K. , Krapivin G. D.
Published: August 2013

The title reactions provide access to new fused diazaphosphine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluorinated β‐Aminophosphonates and γ‐Lactams.
Authors: Alonso Concepcion , Gonzalez Maria , Fuertes Maria , Rubiales Gloria , Ezpeleta Jose Maria , Palacios Francisco
Published: August 2013

Computational studies explain the observed diastereoselectivity of the title synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free One‐Pot Synthesis of Symmetrical Diaryl Tellurides with Te0/KOH.
Authors: Zhang Shaozhong , Karra Kranthi , Koe Adam , Jin Jin
Published: August 2013

In situ generated K2Te readily reacts with various aryl iodides to give diaryl tellurides in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Cytotoxic Scalarane Sesterterpenes from a Korean Marine Sponge Psammocinia sp.
Authors: Chin Jungwook , et al. et al.
Published: August 2013

Three new scalarane sesterterpenes (I), (II), (III) are isolated along with four known derivatives from the Korean marine sponge, Psammocinica sp.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Vanadium Oxide Structures with Controllable Electrical Properties for Energy Applications
Authors: Wu Changzheng , Feng Feng , Xie Yi
Published: August 2013

Review: 213 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Graphene: Safe or Toxic? The Two Faces of the Medal
Authors: Bianco Alberto
Published: August 2013

Review: ca. 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Silsesquioxanes as Molecular Analogues of Single‐Site Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Ward Antony J. , Lesic Rebecca , Masters Anthony F. , Maschmeyer Thomas
Published: August 2013

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Erlenmeyer Azlactones. Synthesis, Reactions and Biological Activity
Authors: El‐Mekabaty Ahmed
Published: August 2013

Review: 149 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Chemistry of Mannich Bases of Thiophenes and Furans
Authors: Roman Gheorghe
Published: August 2013

Review: 126 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Six‐Membered Azaheterocycles by Means of the β‐Lactam Synthon Method
Authors: Mollet Karen , D'Hooghe Matthias , De Kimpe Norbert
Published: August 2013

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallic Aspects of C—H Bond Activation/Functionalization
Authors: Kapdi Anant R.
Published: August 2013

Review: 304 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles and Their Applications
Authors: Ajay Kumar K. , Jayaroopa P. , Vasanth Kumar G.
Published: August 2013

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments of Wittig Reaction in Organic Synthesis Through Tandem or Sequential Processes
Authors: Parvatkar Prakash T. , Torney Prachi S. , Tilve Santosh G.
Published: August 2013

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stannous Chloride as a Versatile Catalyst in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Singh Okram Mukherjee , Devi Laishram Ronibala
Published: August 2013

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Glycosylation of Multivalent Scaffolds
Authors: Bojarova Pavla , Rosencrantz Ruben R. , Elling Lothar , Kren Vladimir
Published: August 2013

Review: 219 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Triazolothiadiazoles and Triazolothiadiazines — Biologically Attractive Scaffolds
Authors: Khan Imtiaz , Ibrar Aliya , Abbas Naeem
Published: August 2013

Review: summary on medicinal chemistry investigations over the last decade; 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Role of Synchrotron Radiation in Elucidating the Biogeochemistry of Metal(loids) and Nutrients at Critical Zone Interfaces
Authors: Sparks Donald L. , Ginder‐Vogel Matthew
Published: August 2013

Review: 123 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Stability of Anion Exchange Membranes for Alkaline Fuel Cells
Authors: Ye Yuesheng , Elabd Yossef A.
Published: August 2013

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Research Progress of Hot Gas Filtration, Desulfurization and HCl Removal in Coal‐Derived Fuel Gas
Authors: Dou Binlin , Wang Chao , Chen Haisheng , Song Yongchen , Xie Baozheng , Xu Yujie , Tan Chunqing
Published: August 2013

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Blue Fluorescent Emitters: Design Tactics and Applications in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhu Minrong , Yang Chuluo
Published: August 2013

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Spectroscopic Signatures of Quantum‐Coherent Energy Transfer
Authors: Collini Elisabetta
Published: August 2013

Review: 52 refs.
Effect of Chromatographic Conditions on Enantioseparation of Bovine Serum Albumin Chiral Stationary Phase in HPLC and Thermodynamic Studies
Authors: Wang Qiu‐Yun , Xiong Ya‐Jin , Lu Bao‐Zhu , Fan Jun , Zheng Sheng‐Run , Zhang Wei‐Guang
Published: August 2013

Twelve chiral compounds were enantiomerically resolved on bovine serum albumin chiral stationary phase (BSA‐CSP) by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in reversed‐phase modes. Chromatographic conditions such as mobile phase pH, the percentage of organic modifier, and concentration of analyte were optimized for separation of enantiomers. For N‐(2, 4‐dinitrophenyl)‐serine (DNP‐ser), the retention factors (k) greatly increase from 0.81 to 6.23 as the pH decreasing from 7.21 to 5.14, and the resolution factor (Rs) exhibited a similar increasing trend (from 0 to 1.34). More interestingly, the retention factors for N‐(2, 4‐dinitrophenyl)‐proline (DNP‐pro) decrease along with increasing 1‐propanol in mobile phase (3%, 5%, 7% and 9% by volume), whereas the resolution factor shows an upward trend (from 0.96 to 2.04). Moreover, chiral recognition mechanisms for chiral analytes were further investigated through thermodynamic methods. Chirality 25:487–492, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of Pulsation Measurement Techniques for Internal‐Mixing Twin‐Fluid Atomizers
Authors: Schlinge Britta , Schröder Jewe , Gaukel Volker , Schuchmann Heike P. , Walzel Peter
Published: August 2013

Beim Einsatz von innenmischenden Zweistoffdüsen kann es zu einem Pulsieren des Spraystroms kommen. Die Verteilung der Tropfengröße und die Tropfenanzahl sind dann nicht mehr zeitlich und örtlich konstant. Dies beeinflusst nachfolgende Prozesse negativ und ist daher unerwünscht. Zur Identifizierung der Parameter, die zur Pulsation des Sprays führen, muss die Pulsation zunächst messtechnisch erfasst und quantifiziert werden. Hierfür wurden drei Messmethoden untersucht: eine optische Methode unter Einsatz von Hochgeschwindigkeitsaufnahmen, eine akustische Methode, die den fluktuierenden Schall am Düsenmund aufnimmt, und eine Methode basierend auf der Messung von Schwankungen der Tropfengrößenverteilung innerhalb des Sprays durch Laserbeugungsspektroskopie.
Heterogene Katalyse
Authors: Metz Mathias , Rohr Daniel , Wagener Reinhard
Published: August 2013

Ein technisch einfacher Praktikumsversuch zur heterogenen Katalyse wird beschrieben. Er beruht auf der katalytischen Oxidation von Ammoniak mit Luftsauerstoff bei Temperaturen nahe 200 °C. Kernstücke des Versuchs sind ein Katalysator aus einem kalzinierten Mangan‐Eisenmischoxid sowie die Online‐Detektion des Ammoniaks mit einer ionenselektiven Elektrode. Beispielhaft werden die Bestimmung der Reaktionsordnung und der Aktivierungsenergie unter den Messbedingungen des Praktikums gezeigt.
Karminsäure
Authors: Schulze Franziska , Titus Juliane , Mettke Peter , Berger Stefan , Siehl Hans‐Ullrich , Zeller Klaus‐Peter , Sicker Dieter
Published: August 2013

Karminsäure wurde aus getrockneten Cochenilleläusen isoliert und chromatographisch gereinigt. Alle analytischen Spektren sind vollständig entweder im Hauptteil oder im supporting material wiedergegeben. Die NMR‐ sowie die Massenspektren werden eingehend interpretiert und mit theoretischen Berechnungen der 13C chemischen Verschiebungen verglichen. Das Projekt ist eine Fortsetzung des Buches “Classics in Spectroscopy” von S. Berger und D. Sicker (Wiley‐VCH 2009).
Knoten im Wasserstoffatom
Authors: Harrer Roswitha
Published: August 2013

Das Unfassbare fassbar machen – noch 100 Jahre nach den ersten revolutionären Entdeckungen stellt die Quantenmechanik Experimentatoren vor große Herausforderungen. Nun gelang es Physikern erstmals, durch ein neuartig gebautes “Mikroskop” die Wellenfunktion des Elektrons im Wasserstoffatom direkt sichtbar zu machen.
Die erste Antwort des Immunsystems
Authors: Feil Sylvia
Published: August 2013

Bei Entzündungen vertilgen Makrophagen eingedrungene Bakterien oder hemmen zumindest ihre Teilung. Dass Makrophagen dabei ein Gen ablesen, welches die Ausschüttung von Itaconsäure initiiert, überraschte. Itaconsäure wird zur Kunststoffsynthese in biotechnologischen Prozessen von Pilzen produziert, wurde aber bisher nicht in Säugetieren nachgewiesen.
Infiltration Behaviour of Polymer‐Modified Porous Concrete and Porous Asphalt Surfaces used in SuDS Techniques
Authors: Sañudo‐Fontaneda Luis A. , Rodriguez‐Hernandez Jorge , Calzada‐Pérez Miguel A. , Castro‐Fresno Daniel
Published: August 2013

Permeable pavements are one of the world's most widely applied techniques for source control in sustainable drainage systems. Porous concrete (PC) and porous asphalt (PA) are two of the most studied surfaces in terms of runoff reduction. Nevertheless, previous research has highlighted a lack of a comprehensive laboratory methodology for the analysis of the topographical variables, runoff surface length (RSL) and surface slope (SS), and their impact on the infiltration behaviour of these porous surfaces. This research paper analyses the infiltration performance of polymer‐modified PC and PA‐16 for 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10% slope on newly built and clogged surfaces, using an improved version of the Cantabrian fixed infiltrometer and LCS permeameter, enabling comparison of the infiltration behaviour. This laboratory methodology has proved to be well suited to the study of the infiltration behaviour of porous surfaces and also to the quantification of their infiltration capacity reduction due to clogging. As main results, this paper presents regression models with high R2 obtained with a confidence level of 95%, based on RSL and SS variables, corresponding to each porous surface and clogging level.
Climate Change and Human Impacts on Hydroclimatic Variability in the Reno River Catchment, Northern Italy
Authors: Pavanelli Donatella , Capra Antonina
Published: August 2013

Climate and anthropogenic activities play an important role in streamflow regime variations, but analyses of hydrologic changes often do not differentiate between these factors. Trends in precipitation (Pm), temperatures (T), potential evapotranspiration (ET0), and outflow (O) in the Reno River Mountain Basin (RRMB) during the period 1926–2006 were analyzed with the aim of separating the effects on the outflow of climate change and anthropogenic factors. Human influences studied include water withdrawal for domestic and irrigation use, reservoir management, and land use changes. The abandonment of mountain areas, which mainly occurred in the 1950s, resulted in a reduction in cultivated areas from almost 40 to 5% and an increase in forests, pasture, and meadows from 44 to 78%. The minimum temperatures present a stronger positive trend respect to the maximum temperatures. Comparing the hydrological catchment budget, Pm, ET0, and O decreased by almost 7, 10, and 43%, respectively. Increasing actual evapotranspiration (ET) was the key hydrological variable to explain the outflow decrease in RRMB. The expansion of forests and pastures and the less human pressure that should lead to better conditions of water supply for the plants permitted ET to equal ET0. The overall results of the research showed the effects of external anthropogenic factors acting on the outflows were more relevant than climate change.
Gold/Wüstite Core–shell Nanoparticles: Suppression of Iron Oxidation through the Electron‐Transfer Phenomenon
Authors: Singh Prerna , Mott Derrick M. , Maenosono Shinya
Published: August 2013

Plasmonic Au and magnetic Fe are coupled into uniform Au@Fe core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) to confirm that electron transfer occurred from the Au core to the Fe shell. Au NPs synthesized in aqueous medium are used as seeds and coated with an Fe shell. The resulting Au@Fe NPs are characterized by using various analytical techniques. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and superconducting quantum interference device measurements reveal that the Fe shell of the Au@Fe NPs mainly consists of paramagnetic Wüstite with a thin surface oxide layer consisting of maghemite or magnetite. Electron transfer from the Au core to the Fe shell effectively suppresses iron oxidation from Fe2+ to Fe3+ near the interface between the Au and the Fe. The charge‐transfer‐induced electronic modification technique enables us to control the degree of iron oxidation and the resulting magnetic properties.
Hybrid MUSIC Dolph–Chebyshev algorithm for a smart antenna system
Authors: Ghayoula R. , Smida A. , Gharsallah A. , Grenier D.
Published: August 2013

This paper presents practical design of a smart antenna system based on direction‐of‐arrival estimation and Dolph–Chebyshev beam forming. Direction‐of‐arrival estimation is based on the multiple signal classification algorithm for identifying the directions of the source signals incident on the sensor array comprising the smart antenna system. The smart antenna system design involves a hardware part, which provides real data measurements of the incident signals received by the sensor array. This paper presents the Dolph–Chebyshev method for the synthesis and design of antenna arrays with periodic element spacing. A Field‐Programmable Gate Array implementation is presented for an antenna array application employing digital beamforming. The array comprises 10 elements, equal in number receiving radio frequency and intermediate frequency components, as well as a Spartan‐3E Field‐Programmable Gate Array‐based unit, which is responsible for the control of the array. Low‐cost and switched‐beam, and fully adaptive antenna array suitable for 2‐GHz applications are proposed in this paper. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance evaluation of mobile ad hoc networks under flooding‐based attacks
Authors: Abdelhaq Maha , Hassan Rosilah , Ismail Mahamod
Published: August 2013

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an open wireless network that comprises a set of mobile, decentralized, and self‐organized nodes. Its properties render its environment susceptible to different types of attacks, which can paralyze the mobile nodes in MANET. A particularly dangerous type of attack is run primarily under flooding bogus packet mechanisms, such as hello floods, routing table overflows, exploitation of node penalizing schemes, and resource consumption attack (RCA). Flooding‐based attacks impose severe effects because they are intended to consume MANET resources, such as bandwidth, node memory, and battery power. Therefore, identifying such effects facilitates the development of countermeasures against the intrusions. In this paper, we introduce a simulation‐based study on the effects of RCA on MANET. QualNet v5.0.2 is used to examine the severity of the effects on MANET performance metrics in terms of throughput, end‐to‐end delay, energy consumption, and routing overhead. The effects of RCA are also monitored under two combinations of four factors: we first vary the number of attackers and attackers' positions, and then modify the attackers' radio range and flooding rate. We also examine the effect of flooding mechanism on the energy consumed by resource consumption attackers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adult wilms' tumor metastatic to the lung: Endobronchial ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Perrino Carmen M. , Wang Jeff F. , Chen Alexander C. , Collins Brian T.
Published: August 2013

Adult Wilms' tumor (WT) is a rare entity with less than 300 cases reported to date in the medical literature. Histologic and cytologic features of adult WT of the kidney are similar to findings in pediatric WT. While the lungs are noted to be the most frequent site of metastatic disease in the pediatric population, the incidence of lung metastases remains unknown for adult WT. A search revealed 38 cases of adult WT with lung metastases published to date in the English literature. Amongst these cases only two have utilized cytology of the lung lesions as a means to arrive at a final diagnosis. We report a case of adult WT metastatic to the lung that was initially diagnosed using endobronchial ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration biopsy. The aim is to compare the current cytologic and immunohistochemical findings with those cases previously published, to outline the cytologic features of adult WT metastatic to the lung, and to emphasize the significance of cytologic diagnosis in the work‐up of adult WT. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:950–955. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytomorphologic and molecular features of hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: Case series and literature review
Authors: Asioli Sofia , Maletta Francesca , Pagni Fabio , Pacchioni Donatella , Vanzati Alice , Mariani Sara , Palestini Nicola , Lloyd Ricardo V. , Sapino Anna
Published: August 2013

Recent reports indicate that hobnail papillary thyroid carcinoma (HPTC) is a rare, but very aggressive variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. The authors describe the cytological features of five HPTC on fine‐needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB). Moreover, their immunophenotype and the presence of B‐RAF mutation by pyrosequencing were investigated. The patients' (three females and two males) age ranged from 27 to 86 (mean 65) years. Tumor size ranged from 2 to 9 cm (mean 4.2 cm). FNAB were highly cellular with a bloody background and scant colloid. The cells were arranged in papillary‐like clusters or in micropapillary groups. The cell population consisted of medium‐sized cells with “tear‐drop” cytoplasm, apically placed nuclei that produced a surface bulge leading to a hobnail appearance. At higher magnification, nuclei showed variable degrees of atypia, occasional pink intranuclear pseudoinclusions, and grooves. Nuclear stratification and atypical mitotic figures were usually present. Immunocytochemistry revealed positive staining for thyroglobulin, thyroid transcriptor factor‐1, Hector Battifora Mesothelial Antigen‐1, partial loss of E‐cadherin expression, and nuclear expression of p53 protein. B‐RAF mutation was present in three out of five cytological cases. Immunohistochemical and molecular results were confirmed on histological sections. Recognizing the unique cytological features of HPTC should help to avoid misdiagnosis of this rare variant. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:78–84. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of primitive erythroid cell proliferation and enucleation using a cyan fluorescent reporter in transgenic mice
Authors: Vacaru Andrei M. , Isern Joan , Fraser Stuart T. , Baron Margaret H.
Published: August 2013

Primitive erythropoiesis is a vital process for mammalian embryonic development. Here we report the generation and characterization of a new transgenic mouse line that expresses a histone H2B‐CFP fusion protein in the nuclei of primitive erythroid cells. We demonstrate the potential of this ε‐globin‐histone H2B‐CFP line for multicolor imaging and flow cytometry analysis. The ε‐globin‐H2B‐CFP line was used to analyze the cell cycle distribution and proliferation of CFP‐expressing primitive erythroblasts from E8.5‐E13.5. We also evaluated phagocytosis of extruded CFP‐positive nuclei by macrophages in fetal liver and placenta. The ε‐globin‐H2B‐CFP transgenic mouse line adds to the available tools for studying the development of the primitive erythroid lineage. genesis 51:751–762. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tetrafluorobromates for Urban Mining of Noble Metals: A Case Study on Iridium Metal
Authors: Ivlev Sergey , Woidy Patrick , Kraus Florian , Gerin Ivan , Ostvald Roman
Published: August 2013

Iridium is used as a hardening agent in several alloys and as a new‐generation catalyst. Therefore, its recycling is a high‐priority challenge. The reactions of various tetrafluorobromates MBrF4 (M = K, Rb, Cs) and M′(BrF4)2 (M′ = Ba) with Ir metal were investigated in order to transform the latter to an easily soluble form to facilitate the further recovery of the noble metal. The compositions of the obtained products were determined, corresponding reaction schemes are suggested, and proper conditions for the reactions were established.
Reactions of a [1],[1]Disilamolybdenocenophane with Unsaturated Compounds
Authors: Arnold Thomas , Braunschweig Holger , Hupp Florian , Radacki Krzysztof , Sen Sakya S.
Published: August 2013

The reactivity of a [1],[1]disilamolybdenocenophane (1) towards several unsaturated substrates has been studied. Treatment of 1 with N‐heterocyclic carbene afforded an ansa‐metallocene carbene complex. The cleavage of the P=S bond of a phosphane sulfide was observed, resulting in the incorporation of sulfur into the disila‐bridging unit and coordination of the phosphane moiety to Mo. Reactions of 1 with carbodiimide and phosphaalkyne led to side‐on coordinated products. All products were fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies.
Oral cancer secretome: Identification of cancer‐associated proteins
Authors: Chang Hong‐Yun , Hor Seen‐Yii , Lim Kue‐Peng , Zain Rosnah Binti , Cheong Sok‐Ching , Rahman Mariati Abdul , Karsani Saiful Anuar
Published: August 2013

This study aims to identify cancer‐associated proteins in the secretome of oral cancer cell lines. We have successfully established four primary cell cultures of normal cells with a limited lifespan without human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) immortalization. The secretome of these primary cell cultures were compared with that of oral cancer cell lines using 2DE. Thirty five protein spots were found to have changed in abundance. Unambiguous identification of these proteins was achieved by MALDI TOF/TOF. In silico analysis predicted that 24 of these proteins were secreted via classical or nonclassical mechanisms. The mRNA expression of six genes was found to correlate with the corresponding protein abundance. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) core analysis revealed that the identified proteins were relevant in, and related to, cancer development with likely involvements in tumor growth, metastasis, hyperproliferation, tumorigenesis, neoplasia, hyperplasia, and cell transformation. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that a comparative study of the secretome of cancer versus normal cell lines can be used to identify cancer‐associated proteins.
Research ethics in the post‐genomic era
Authors: Vähäkangas Kirsi
Published: August 2013

New high‐throughput ‘omics techniques are providing exciting opportunities in clinical medicine and toxicology, especially in the development of biomarkers. In health science research there are traditional ethical considerations that are reasonably obvious, like balancing health benefits and health risks, autonomy mainly pursued by informed consent, and protecting privacy. Epidemiological studies applying new large‐scale approaches (e.g., high‐throughput or high‐content methods and global studies that utilize biobanking of samples and produce large‐scale datasets) present new challenges that call for re‐evaluation of standard ethical considerations. In this context, assessment of the ethics underlying study designs, bioinformatics, and statistics applied in the generation and clinical translation of research results should also be considered. Indeed, there are ethical considerations in the research process itself, in research objectives and how research is pursued (e.g., which methodologies are selected and how they are carried out). Maintaining research integrity is critical, as demonstrated by the relatively frequent retraction of scientific papers following violations of good scientific practice. Abiding by the laws is necessary but not sufficient for good research ethics, which is and remains in the hands of the scientific community at the level of both individual scientists and organizations. Senior scientists are responsible for the transfer of research tradition to the next generation of scientists through education, mentorship, and setting an example by their own behavior, as well as by creating systems in institutions that support good research ethics. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 54:599‐610, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Numerical simulation of incompressible two‐phase flows with a Boussinesq–Scriven interface stress tensor
Authors: Reusken Arnold , Zhang Yuanjun
Published: August 2013

We consider the numerical simulation of a three‐dimensional two‐phase incompressible flow with a viscous interface. The simulation is based on a sharp interface Navier–Stokes model and the Boussinesq–Scriven constitutive law for the interface viscous stress tensor. In the recent paper [Soft Matter 7, 7797–7804, 2011], a model problem with a spherical droplet in a Stokes Poiseuille flow with a Boussinesq–Scriven law for the surface viscosity has been analyzed. In that paper, relations for the droplet migration velocity are derived. We relate the results obtained with our numerical solver for the two‐phase Navier–Stokes model to these theoretical relations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Canagliflozin: SGLT2 inhibitor for treating type 2 diabetes
Authors: Donnelly Richard
Published: August 2013

Canagliflozin is a sodium‐glucose transporter protein inhibitor under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus; it reduces circulatory glucose by facilitating its urinary excretion. In this Drug profile, Richard Donnelly discusses the need for drugs with a mode of action independent of insulin and considers the efficacy and tolerability of canagliflozin in clinical trials, to date, as well as its potential place in management. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role and cost effectiveness of bariatric surgery in T2DM
Authors: Pinkney Jon
Published: August 2013

Interest in bariatric surgery has gathered pace with wider awareness of its benefits for weight loss and for important weightrelated diseases, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). BS enables many patients with T2DM to achieve normal blood glucose levels and discontinue medication. This has generated lively debate about the role and cost‐effectiveness of BS in treating T2DM and whether BS should be offered more widely. Paradoxically, however, these discussions seldom examine the health service perspective. This article summarises recent evidence and asks whether BS could replace conventional treatment for some people with T2DM. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of chemical pretreatment of sediment upon foraminiferal‐based proxies
Authors: Feldmeijer Wouter , Metcalfe Brett , Scussolini Paolo , Arthur Kristina
Published: August 2013

Paleoceanographic studies routinely combine different foraminiferal proxies (i.e., weight, abundance, trace metal, and stable isotope measurements) into a cohesive narrative. The application of chemical treatment to disaggregate ocean sediments in the most efficient way to isolate the fossils of foraminifera from the other sediment components is dictated by the time available and the material used. Yet few studies have aimed to test both the physical and geochemical effects associated with such practices. In this study, we use samples with different sedimentological characteristics (i.e., varying percentages of CaCO3 and of terrigenous material) to test the impact upon these proxies of three processing methods and a control: (1) no chemicals (contol run); (2) soaking in sodium hexametaphosphate (Calgon®); (3) soaking in hydrogen peroxide; and (4) soaking in a sodium pyrophosphate. The samples were analyzed for faunal abundance, shell weight, stable isotope (δ18O, δ13C), and trace metal (Mg/Ca) geochemistry for four species of planktonic foraminifera (Globigerina bulloides, Globigerinoides ruber, Globorotalia inflata, and Globorotalia menardii). Results show that apart from the Calgon® solution, the values of faunal abundance, shell weight, Mg/Ca, and stable isotopes are similar irrespective of the cleaning treatment utilised and therefore warrant cross‐comparison of results obtained with different preparation techniques. The use of Calgon® in pretreatment shows statistically different values for only foraminiferal shell weight.
A deep outer‐rise reverse‐fault earthquake immediately triggered a shallow normal‐fault earthquake: The 7 December 2012 off‐Sanriku earthquake (MW 7.3)
Authors: Harada Tomoya , Murotani Satoko , Satake Kenji
Published: August 2013

Teleseismic body wave analysis revealed that the 7 December 2012 off‐Sanriku earthquake (MW 7.3) at the outer rise of Japan Trench consisted of two successive subevents. The first subevent with reverse‐fault mechanism (Event 1, MW 7.1) at 56 km depth was followed by, approximately 20 s later, the second subevent with normal‐fault mechanism (Event 2, MW 7.2) at 6 km depth. Finite‐fault slip models show that the slip of Event 1 was concentrated around the initial rupture point with the maximum of 2.7 m and that Event 2 had two asperities with the maximum of 4.5 m at both sides of the initial rupture point. The static Coulomb Failure Function analyses suggested that Event 1 triggered Event 2 and that both subevents were promoted by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake (MW 9.1).
Functional magnetic resonance imaging of working memory in Huntington's disease: Cross‐sectional data from the IMAGE‐HD study
Authors: Georgiou‐Karistianis Nellie , Stout Julie C. , Domínguez D. Juan F. , Carron Sarah P. , Ando Ayaka , Churchyard Andrew , Chua Phyllis , Bohanna India , Dymowski Alicia R. , Poudel Govinda , Egan Gary F.
Published: August 2013

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate spatial working memory (WM) in an N–BACK task (0, 1, and 2‐BACK) in premanifest Huntington's disease (pre‐HD, n = 35), early symptomatic Huntington's disease (symp‐HD, n = 23), and control (n = 32) individuals. Overall, both WM conditions (1‐BACK and 2‐BACK) activated a large network of regions throughout the brain, common to all groups. However, voxel‐wise and time‐course analyses revealed significant functional group differences, despite no significant behavioral performance differences. During 1‐BACK, voxel‐wise blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) signal activity was significantly reduced in a number of regions from the WM network (inferior frontal gyrus, anterior insula, caudate, putamen, and cerebellum) in pre‐HD and symp‐HD groups, compared with controls; however, time‐course analysis of the BOLD response in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) showed increased activation in symp‐HD, compared with pre‐HD and controls. The pattern of reduced voxel‐wise BOLD activity in pre‐HD and symp‐HD, relative to controls, became more pervasive during 2‐BACK affecting the same structures as in 1‐BACK, but also incorporated further WM regions (anterior cingulate gyrus, parietal lobe and thalamus). The DLPFC BOLD time‐course for 2‐BACK showed a reversed pattern to that observed in 1‐BACK, with a significantly diminished signal in symp‐HD, relative to pre‐HD and controls. Our findings provide support for functional brain reorganisation in cortical and subcortical regions in both pre‐HD and symp‐HD, which are modulated by task difficulty. Moreover, the lack of a robust striatal BOLD signal in pre‐HD may represent a very early signature of change observed up to 15 years prior to clinical diagnosis. Hum Brain Mapp 35:1847–1864, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Are you listening? Brain activation associated with sustained nonspatial auditory attention in the presence and absence of stimulation
Authors: Seydell‐Greenwald Anna , Greenberg Adam S. , Rauschecker Josef P.
Published: August 2013

Neuroimaging studies investigating the voluntary (top‐down) control of attention largely agree that this process recruits several frontal and parietal brain regions. Since most studies used attention tasks requiring several higher‐order cognitive functions (e.g. working memory, semantic processing, temporal integration, spatial orienting) as well as different attentional mechanisms (attention shifting, distractor filtering), it is unclear what exactly the observed frontoparietal activations reflect. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging study investigated, within the same participants, signal changes in (1) a “Simple Attention” task in which participants attended to a single melody, (2) a “Selective Attention” task in which they simultaneously ignored another melody, and (3) a “Beep Monitoring” task in which participants listened in silence for a faint beep. Compared to resting conditions with identical stimulation, all tasks produced robust activation increases in auditory cortex, cross‐modal inhibition in visual and somatosensory cortex, and decreases in the default mode network, indicating that participants were indeed focusing their attention on the auditory domain. However, signal increases in frontal and parietal brain areas were only observed for tasks 1 and 2, but completely absent for task 3. These results lead to the following conclusions: under most conditions, frontoparietal activations are crucial for attention since they subserve higher‐order cognitive functions inherently related to attention. However, under circumstances that minimize other demands, nonspatial auditory attention in the absence of stimulation can be maintained without concurrent frontal or parietal activations. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2233–2252, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effects of female sex, viral genotype, and IL28B genotype on spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Grebely Jason , Page Kimberly , Sacks-Davis Rachel , van der Loeff Maarten Schim , Rice Thomas M. , Bruneau Julie , Morris Meghan D. , Hajarizadeh Behzad , Amin Janaki , Cox Andrea L. , Kim Arthur Y. , McGovern Barbara H. , Schinkel Janke , George Jacob , Shoukry Naglaa H. , Lauer Georg M. , Maher Lisa , Lloyd Andrew R. , Hellard Margaret , Dore Gregory J. , Prins Maria
Published: August 2013

Although 20%-40% of persons with acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection demonstrate spontaneous clearance, the time course and factors associated with clearance remain poorly understood. We investigated the time to spontaneous clearance and predictors among participants with acute HCV using Cox proportional hazards analyses. Data for this analysis were drawn from an international collaboration of nine prospective cohorts evaluating outcomes after acute HCV infection. Among 632 participants with acute HCV, 35% were female, 82% were Caucasian, 49% had

interleukin-28 (IL28)B

CC genotype (rs12979860), 96% had injected drugs ever, 47% were infected with HCV genotype 1, and 7% had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection. Twenty-eight percent were HCV antibody negative/RNA positive at the time of acute HCV detection (early acute HCV). During follow-up, spontaneous clearance occurred in 173 of 632, and at 1 year after infection, 25% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21, 29) had cleared virus. Among those with clearance, the median time to clearance was 16.5 weeks (IQR: 10.5, 33.4), with 34%, 67%, and 83% demonstrating clearance at 3, 6, and 12 months. Adjusting for age, factors independently associated with time to spontaneous clearance included female sex (adjusted hazards ratio [AHR]: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.48, 3.18),

IL28B

CC genotype (versus CT/TT; AHR, 2.26; 95% CI: 1.52, 3.34), and HCV genotype 1 (versus non-genotype 1; AHR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.30). The effect of

IL28B

genotype and HCV genotype on spontaneous clearance was greater among females, compared to males.

Conclusions :

Female sex, favorable

IL28B

genotype, and HCV genotype 1 are independent predictors of spontaneous clearance. Further research is required to elucidate the observed sex-based differences in HCV control.
Discovery of novel src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 agonists from sorafenib for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tai Wei-Tien , Shiau Chung-Wai , Chen Pei-Jer , Chu Pei-Yi , Huang Hsiang-Po , Liu Chun-Yu , Huang Jui-Wen , Chen Kuen-Feng
Published: August 2013

Sorafenib is the first approved targeted therapeutic reagent for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we report that Src homology region 2 (SH2) domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) is a major target of sorafenib and generates a series of sorafenib derivatives to search for potent SHP-1 agonists that may act as better anti-HCC agents than sorafenib. Sorafenib increases SHP-1 activity by direct interaction and impairs the association between the N-SH2 domain and the catalytic protein tyrosine phosphatase domain of SHP-1. Deletion of the N-SH2 domain (dN1) or point mutation (D61A) of SHP-1 abolished the effect of sorafenib on SHP-1, phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), and apoptosis, suggesting that sorafenib may affect SHP-1 by triggering a conformational switch relieving its autoinhibition. Molecular docking of SHP-1/sorafenib complex confirmed our findings in HCC cells. Furthermore, novel sorafenib derivatives SC-43 and SC-40 displayed more potent anti-HCC activity than sorafenib, as measured by enhanced SHP-1 activity, inhibition of p-STAT3, and induction of apoptosis. SC-43 induced substantial apoptosis in sorafenib-resistant cells and showed better survival benefits than sorafenib in orthotopic HCC tumors.

Conclusion :

In this study, we identified SHP-1 as a major target of sorafenib. SC-43 and SC-40, potent SHP-1 agonists, showed better anti-HCC effects than sorafenib

in vitro

and

in vivo

. Further clinical investigation is warranted.
The Role of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Autoimmune Liver Disease
Authors: Assis David N. , Leng Lin , Du Xin , Zhang Clarence K. , Grieb Gerrit , Merk Melanie , Garcia Alvaro Baeza , McCrann Catherine , Chapiro Julius , Meinhardt Andreas , Mizue Yuka , Nikolic-Paterson David J. , Bernhagen Jürgen , Kaplan Marshall M. , Zhao Hongyu , Boyer James L. , Bucala Richard
Published: August 2013

The role of the cytokine, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and its receptor, CD74, was assessed in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Two

MIF

promoter polymorphisms, a functional −794 CATT5–8 microsatellite repeat (

rs5844572

) and a −173 G/C single-nucleotide polymorphism (

rs755622

), were analyzed in DNA samples from over 500 patients with AIH, PBC, and controls. We found a higher frequency of the proinflammatory and high-expression −794 CATT7 allele in AIH, compared to PBC, whereas lower frequency was found in PBC, compared to both AIH and healthy controls. MIF and soluble MIF receptor (CD74) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 165 serum samples of AIH, PBC, and controls. Circulating serum and hepatic MIF expression was elevated in patients with AIH and PBC versus healthy controls. We also identified a truncated circulating form of the MIF receptor, CD74, that is released from hepatic stellate cells and that binds MIF, neutralizing its signal transduction activity. Significantly higher levels of CD74 were found in patients with PBC versus AIH and controls.

Conclusions

: These data suggest a distinct genetic and immunopathogenic basis for AIH and PBC at the

MIF

locus. Circulating MIF and MIF receptor profiles distinguish PBC from the more inflammatory phenotype of AIH and may play a role in pathogenesis and as biomarkers of these diseases. (Hepatology 2014;59:580–591)