bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sonic hedgehog specifies flight feather positional information in avian wings
Authors: Busby Lara , Aceituno Cristina , McQueen Caitlin , Rich Constance A. , Ros Maria A. , Towers Matthew
Published: May 2020

Classical tissue recombination experiments performed in the chick embryo provide evidence that signals operating during early limb development specify the position and identity of feathers. Here, we show that Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling in the embryonic chick wing bud specifies positional information required for the formation of adult flight feathers in a defined spatial and temporal sequence that reflects their different identities. We also reveal that Shh signalling is interpreted into specific patterns of Sim1 and Zic transcription factor expression, providing evidence of a putative gene regulatory network operating in flight feather patterning. Our data suggest that flight feather specification involved the co-option of the pre-existing digit patterning mechanism and therefore uncovers an embryonic process that played a fundamental step in the evolution of avian flight.
Implications of radiation microdosimetry for accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy: a radiobiological perspective
Authors: Fukunaga Hisanori , Matsuya Yusuke , Tokuuye Koichi , Omura Motoko
Published: May 2020

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has great potential to selectively destroy cancer cells while sparing surrounding normal cells. The basic concept of BNCT was developed in the 1930s, but it has not yet been commonly used in clinical practice, even though there is now a large number of experimental and translational studies demonstrating its marked therapeutic potential. With the development of neutron accelerators that can be installed in medical institutions, accelerator-based BNCT is expected to become available at several medical institutes around the world in the near future. In this commentary, from the point of view of radiation microdosimetry, we discuss the biological effects of BNCT, especially the underlying mechanisms of compound biological effectiveness. Radiobiological perspectives provide insight into the effectiveness of BNCT in creating a synergy effect in the field of clinical oncology.
Bacteria-ball in the urinary tract: a rare entity
Authors: Benjamin Lim Tze Ying , Yam Wai Loon , Poh Angeline Choo Choo , Ng Victor , Lim Sey Kiat , Ng Kok Kit
Published: May 2020

A bacterial mass in the urinary tract is a very rare entity. We report the first case of a bacterial ball within the urinary tract of a patient with diabetic cystopathy on long term urinary indwelling catheter. She presented with fever and gross haematuria. CT scan of abdomen and pelvis revealed a gas containing hyperdense mass within the bladder suspicious of bladder stone. The lesion was resected, and histopathology revealed a matrix of acellular materials with bacteria colony.
Exome sequencing in genetic disease: recent advances and considerations
Authors: Ross Jay P. , Dion Patrick A. , Rouleau Guy A.
Published: May 2020

Over the past decade, exome sequencing (ES) has allowed significant advancements to the field of disease research. By targeting the protein-coding regions of the genome, ES combines the depth of knowledge on protein-altering variants with high-throughput data generation and ease of analysis. New discoveries continue to be made using ES, and medical science has benefitted both theoretically and clinically from its continued use. In this review, we describe recent advances and successes of ES in disease research. Through selected examples of recent publications, we explore how ES continues to be a valuable tool to find variants that might explain disease etiology or provide insight into the biology underlying the disease. We then discuss shortcomings of ES in terms of variant discoveries made by other sequencing technologies that would be missed because of the scope and techniques of ES. We conclude with a brief outlook on the future of ES, suggesting that although newer and more thorough sequencing methods will soon supplant ES, its results will continue to be useful for disease research.
Opportunistic screening for diabetes mellitus and hypertension in primary care settings in Karnataka, India: a few steps forward but still some way to go
Authors: Raghuveer Pracheth , Anand Tanu , Tripathy Jaya Prasad , Nirgude Abhay Subhashrao , Reddy Mahendra M. , Nandy Subhashree , Shaira Habeena , Naik Poonam Ramesh
Published: May 2020

Background: Opportunistic screening for individuals aged ≥30 years at all levels of healthcare for early detection of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) is an integral strategy under the national program to control non-communicable diseases. There has been no systematic assessment of the screening process in primary care settings since its launch. The objective was to determine the number and proportion eligible for screening, number screened, diagnosed and treated for DM and HTN among persons aged ≥30 years in two selected primary health centres (PHCs) in Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka, India during March-May 2019 and to explore the enablers and barriers in the implementation of screening from the perspective of the health care providers (HCPs) and beneficiaries .

Methods: This was a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study with a quantitative (cohort design) and a descriptive qualitative component (in-depth interviews and focus group discussions) with HCPs and persons seeking care. Those that were not known DM/HTN and not screened for DM/HTN in one year were used to estimate persons eligible for screening.

Results: Of 2697 persons, 512 (19%) were eligible for DM screening, 401 (78%) were screened; 88/401 (22%) were diagnosed and 67/88 (76%) were initiated on treatment. Of 2697, 337 (13%) were eligible for HTN screening, 327 (97%) were screened, 55 (17%) were diagnosed with HTN; of those diagnosed, 44/55 (80%) were initiated on treatment.  The documentation changes helped in identifying the eligible population. Patient willingness to undergo screening and recognition of relevance of screening were screening enablers.  Overworked staff, logistical and documentation issues, inadequate training were the barriers.

Conclusion: Nearly 19% were eligible for DM screening and 13% were eligible for HTN screening. The yield of screening was high. We noted several enablers and barriers. The barriers require urgent attention to reduce the gaps in delivery and uptake of services.
Technology of Development of Natural Science Style of Educational and Cognitive Activity of Schoolchildren
Authors: Starchenko Sergey , Shamina Setlana , Bondarenko Yurei
Published: May 2020

The article deals with the development of the natural scientific style of educational and cognitive activity of schoolchildren in the conditions of

didactic synthesis of the content of natural scientific education. The author defines the natural scientific style of educational and cognitive activity as an individual-peculiar way of perception, coding, processing, setting and solving problems in the knowledge of schoolchildren. The purpose of the article is to present the technology of developing the scientific style of educational and cognitive activity in the face-and-face interaction between schoolchildren and teachers in conditions of didactic synthesis of the content of natural science education. The article describes the theoretical context of the presentation of the technology of development of the natural scientific style of educational and cognitive activity of the individual, including: target orientations, principles, peculiarities of content, methods and techniques, methodology and directions of implementation. Ways of revealing technology of personality development under conditions of didactic synthesis of content of natural-scientific formation are shown. The main signs determining the natural scientific style of educational and cognitive activity of schoolchildren, adequately reflecting the activity of natural scientists, have been identified. The conceptual provisions of the developing training technology include provisions on the priority of the educational needs of the individual, encouraging changes in individual actions and operations, implementing the didactic resonance of the teaching and scientific style, personalizing the content of natural science education of the individual, and using specific methods and techniques of training. The content of the technology for the development of the natural-science style of educational and cognitive activity, which includes differentiation, personalization, integration, optimization, activation, and direction of personal-personal interaction, is determined. The article presents a methodology for developing the natural-science style of educational and cognitive activity, based on differential-individual, inductive-deductive, complex, algorithmic, research and pragmatic methods of teaching. Priority ways of teaching students that characterize the natural-science style of educational and cognitive activity are highlighted.
School Course on Information Security: Structure and Content
Authors: Tsvetkova Marina
Published: May 2020

The course is designed for conducting lessons on information security of students on the Internet and reflects the current issues of safe work with personal information, messages and calls on a mobile phone, e-mail, information and communication resources on the Internet for access to resources for leisure, search for news, educational, educational information, communication in social networks, receiving and transferring files, placing personal information in collective social services. The course is based on technical, ethical and legal standards of information security compliance established by regulatory and law enforcement agencies, as well as practical recommendations of leading IT- companies and mobile operators of the Russian Federation.
Implementation of Language Education in Russian and Foreign Universities
Authors: Morozova A. , Kostyukova T.
Published: May 2020

The article provides a comparative analysis of the practice of language education in modern Russian and European universities in the course of

studying the fundamental documents on the problem, as well as consideration of the current state, content, goals, methods and monitoring the quality of language training of students. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature on the problem; study and generalization of the accumulated pedagogical experience, etc.
Entomological profile and new registers of the genera Anopheles (Diptera, Culicidae) in a Brazilian rural community of the District of Coxipó do Ouro, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso
Authors: Jacobina Adaiane Catarina Marcondes , Bandeira Jozeilton Dantas , Santos Fábio Alexandre Leal dos , Dantas Elisangela Santana de Oliveira , Leite-Jr Diniz Pereira
Published: May 2020

The order Diptera is constituted of insects that possess numerous varieties of habitats, these winged, commonly called mosquitoes, comprise a monophyletic group. Malaria transmitters in Brazil are represented by mosquitoes of the Anopheles genus, being it principal vector species Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi Root. Collectings were accomplished in the rural area of Cuiabá in the region of Coxipó do Ouro/MT, and a total 4,773 adult mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles were obtained. The prevailing species in the collectings where An. (Nys.) darlingi with 3,905 (81.8%), considered the vector of major epidemiological expression in the region, followed by Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) argyritarsis (Robineau-Desvoidy) 267 (5.6%) and Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) triannulatus (Neiva & Pinto) 226 (4.7%). This report might be useful to entomological surveillance, demonstrating that the Coxipó do Ouro/MT locality might be elected as an area to be monitored, once the presence of such vector in this type of environment indicates a potential malaria transmission risk for the neighbouring regions in the state of Mato Grosso.
ANCA-associated vasculitis causing nasopalatal destruction
Authors: Mumtaz S , Navaee S , Singh M
Published: May 2020

Autoimmune disorders and their manifestations can be very problematic to diagnose and manage. The symptoms can be ambiguous and debilitating. Early intervention is necessary to counter the unforgiving consequences of delayed intervention, such as loss of sight or hearing and destruction of affected tissues. Vasculitis in the head and neck region is rare. A case of ANCA-associated vasculitis causing extensive destruction is presented to enhance our understanding of this devastating multisystem disorder.
Formal versus informal volunteering and wellbeing: does volunteering type matter for older adults?
Authors: Russell Allison R. , Kim Eunhae , Handy Femida , Gellis Zvi
Published: May 2020

Although the literature on volunteering and wellbeing among older adults is extensive, it tends to focus on this relationship within spaces of formal volunteering, such as non-profit organisations. However, informal volunteering and other forms of civic engagement may also promote improved wellbeing outcomes for this age group; likewise, these behaviours may be linked to the practice of formal volunteering with an organisation. Drawing on data from the Delaware subsample of the Successful Aging Survey, this article examines whether differences in volunteer engagement influence the relationship between volunteering and wellbeing outcomes among older adults.
Graph convolutional network based optic disc and cup segmentation on fundus images
Authors: Tian Zhiqiang , Zheng Yaoyue , Li Xiaojian , Du Shaoyi , Xu Xiayu
Published: May 2020

Calculating the cup-to-disc ratio is one of the methods for glaucoma screening with other clinical features. In this paper, we propose a graph convolutional network (GCN) based method to implement the optic disc (OD) and optic cup (OC) segmentation task. We first present a multi-scale convolutional neural network (CNN) as the feature map extractor to generate feature map. The GCN takes the feature map concatenated with the graph nodes as the input for segmentation task. The experimental results on the REFUGE dataset show that the Jaccard index (Jacc) of the proposed method on OD and OC are 95.64% and 91.60%, respectively, while the Dice similarity coefficients (DSC) are 97.76% and 95.58%, respectively. The proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on the REFUGE leaderboard. We also evaluate the proposed method on the Drishthi-GS1 dataset. The results show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
Tightly focusing terahertz wave using gradient-type slotted grating based on spoof surface plasmons
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Zhao Jiehui , Bo Fang , Jiang Guangke , Hu Xiaoxue , Zhu Zhuqing , Liu Weiwei
Published: May 2020

The d1-d2-d3-d4-d5 gradient-type spoof surface plasmons (SSP) grating was designed and found to exert an obvious effect on electric field localization. Two gradient-shaped planar ports were added to the bottom of this grating to form a gradient-type slotted SSP grating and achieve tight focusing and local electric field enhancement for a terahertz wave. The size of the focal spot was optimized to 0.01λ. The single-gradient-type slotted SSP grating was considered as a unit and arranged in one and two dimensions to generate a longitudinal focal line and square focal spots array. This did not only improve the resolution of terahertz imaging, but also simultaneously scan multiple focal spots to increase the speed of terahertz imaging. This work makes the manipulation of terahertz wave more flexible and efficient which has great potential in terahertz high-resolution near-field scanning imaging.
Dynamics of the blue pump-induced ultrafast insulator-to-metal transition and relaxation in VO2/TiO2 and VO2/TiO2:Nb thin films
Authors: Madaras Scott E. , Creeden Jason A. , Lahneman David J. , Harbick Aiden , Beringer Douglas B. , Qazilbash M. Mumtaz , Novikova Irina , Lukaszew Rosa A.
Published: May 2020

We study the ultrafast time resolved response of 30 nm films of VO2 on a TiO2 substrate when 3.1 eV (400 nm wavelength) pump pulses were used to excite the insulator to metal transition (IMT). We found that the IMT threshold for these samples (≤30µJ/cm2) is more than 3 orders of magnitude lower than that generally reported for a more traditional 1.55 eV (800 nm wavelength) excitation. The samples also exhibited unusual reflectivity dynamics at near-threshold values of pump fluence where their fractional relative reflectivity ΔR/R initially increased before becoming negative after several hundreds of picoseconds, in stark contrast with uniformly negative ΔR/R observed for both higher 400 nm pump fluences and for 800 nm pump pulses. We explain the observed behavior by the interference of the reflected probe beam from the inhomogeneous layers formed inside the film by different phases of VO2 and use a simple diffusion model of the VO2 phase transition to support qualitatively this hypothesis. We also compare the characteristics of the VO2 films grown on undoped TiO2 and on doped TiO2:Nb substrates and observe more pronounced reflectivity variation during IMT and faster relaxation to the insulating state for the VO2/TiO2:Nb sample.
Dressing for freedom and justice
Authors: Covington Sha’Mira , Medvedev Katalin
Published: May 2020

Clothing communicates our attitudes and positions in the world, particularly when a dress is used as a vehicle for protest. This article has two goals. First, it analyses the history of protest dress of Black American resistance movements. Second, it scrutinizes the public perception of these movements by reviewing white media images of Black bodies participating in the resistance. The media shapes our world as well as public perceptions. It is linked to social change, thus, investigating various media images allows us to explore the cultural systems in which we live and the complexity of different means of communication and human interactions. Two theoretical frameworks have driven the research process. Social semiotics was employed to explain meaning-making as a social process and critical race theory to investigate the ways in which racialized bodies are perceived in white media. The latter was chosen because of its usefulness for examining society’s categorizations of race, law, power and culture. Through the lens of these two theoretical frameworks, it becomes evident that the dress of Black American protestors has historically communicated various discourses at the same time.
O tratamento da melancolia em Ficino
Authors: Carvalho Cláudio Alexandre S.
Published: May 2020

A partir da leitura dos escritos de Ficino dedicados à melancolia, a presente investigação considera o modo como, combinando elementos de diversas fontes, o filósofo florentino contribuiu decisivamente para compreensão dessa condição e para a constituição de um medium terapêutico diferenciado. O enquadramento do De Vita Libri Tres na longa sucessão de teorias (e práticas) médico-‑filosóficas relativas à constituição melancólica revela a sua participação na dimensão incremental de uma densa semântica, mas também, de modo decisivo, a ausência de uma evolução unívoca das ideias de melancolia. Assim o demonstra a recuperação de uma vertente favorável do temperamento melancólico, combinando Ficino a ortodoxia médica relativa ao equilíbrio humoral com a possibilidade, enunciada no Problema XXX, de uma forma superior de equilíbrio. O eclodir da genialidade contemplativa, tida como característica central dos maiores feitos humanos, em particular no domínio dos estudos académicos, tem lugar na forma de êxtase, adaptando Ficino traços da mania [furor] platónica. O papel de Ficino na evolução das conceções de melancolia é também evidenciado na sua exploração das suas formas amorosa e religiosa, indicando uma sensibilidade às condições sociais da individuação, mas também a tentativa de compreender e mitigar as tribulações existenciais associadas ao seu próprio temperamento. Já no que se refere ao manancial terapêutico proposto pelo filósofo florentino, o aspeto mais inovador reside na sua mobilização da astrologia e da magia, pro- curando demonstrar que as mesmas são um recurso natural baseado num conceito de simpatia entre os elementos da hierarquia cósmica e, como tal, distintas da necromancia e da demonologia.
Ecletismo e historiografia da Filosofia – uma abordagem retórica
Authors: Ribeiro Henrique Jales
Published: May 2020

Seguindo as suas próprias investigações sobre o assunto, o autor investiga o papel que o ecletismo pode desempenhar na história da filosofia e nas respetivas historiografias especializadas. Argumenta que o ecletismo pode ser original, de um ponto de vista filosófico, e que as historiografias tradicionais, que são basicamente historiografias de grandes autores, devem dar lugar a uma historiografia dos problemas filosóficos, época a época. Deste ponto de vista, e considerando o estado da arte na matéria, defende que a saída para os problemas com que nos confrontamos passa fundamentalmente por uma abordagem retórica da filosofia.
Como teria lido, Aristóteles, os 'Exercícios Espirituais? A leitura de 'De Anima' II 7-12 por Francisco de Toledo, Francisco Suárez e Manuel Góis
Authors: De Carvalho Mário Santiago
Published: May 2020

Como é que três eminentes Jesuítas comentadores de Aristóteles poderiam ler o método concebido por Inácio de Loyola nos Exercícios Espirituais, denominado “aplicação dos sentidos” externos? A resposta a esta hipotética questão, absolutamente inédita, será dada em três passos. Começando com a doutrina dos sentidos e tocando na passagem da ontologia para a semiótica, atender-‑se-‑á ao aparecimento do mundo – mediante uma segunda passagem, da psicologia para a cosmologia – em que o lugar do ser humano, entendido no espaço de uma antropologia criatural, nos conduz a uma nova perceção das relações entre imaginação (do mundo) e espiritualidade mundana, na aceção de “incarnada”.
Derrida à la lettre: éthique et politique du «perverformatif» dans La Carte postale et au­‑delà
Authors: Cotton Nicholas
Published: May 2020

Neste artigo, interessamo-‑nos pelo neologismo «perverformatif» [«per(verso)formativo»] usado por Jacques Derrida em La Carte postale e em Marx & Sons. Se Derrida é um outro «mestre do per(verso)formativo», título que ele reservava ao «Plato» de La Carte Postale não é por negar a Lei ou a sua «verdade», mas porque tem necessidade delas para assegurar a incidência de um desafio. O que performativamente se põe em obra e em abismo nos «Envios» passa assim por um desejo «perverso» de fazer advir esta lei e de a desviar. A nossa hipótese é a de que é precisamente o que se performa no idioma daquele que não tem senão uma língua que não é a sua (O monolinguismo do outro) e para quem as palavras «contêm a sua própria perversidade» (Les arts de l’espace). Interrogaremos, pois, os rastros deste vocábulo, a sua virtualidade a operar e o seu alcance – linguístico, mas também ético e político – no pensamento de Jacques Derrida.
Escuchar voces. Fantasmas auditivos y escenografías sonoras
Authors: Sánchez Domingo Hernández
Published: May 2020

Este artigo pretende investigar que tipo de escuta é a de quem “ouve vozes”. Tenta-‑se mostrar, com ele, os efeitos que a análise de certas alucinações auditivas e espectros sonoros teria, se fosse realizada do ponto de vista da escuta, não do conteúdo do que é ouvido. Para isso, o artigo conecta o estudo de certos “fantasmas auditivos” com a análise – no território da ficção, especificamente um romance de Robert Silverberg – da perda do poder de um telepata. Pretende-‑se, assim, mostrar uma maneira possível de entender como o ouvinte se ouve a si mesmo como se fosse outro, ou, inversamente, como ouve outro como se não estivesse cercado pela exterioridade, mas permanecesse na parte mais interna do si mesmo.
Por um novo espírito alter­‑mundialista (i) Do cosmopolitismo (Kant) à «nova internacional» (Derrida)
Authors: Bernardo Fernanda
Published: May 2020

Este texto começou por estruturar uma conferência proferida no IX Ciclo ECATI sob o título A Constelação do Planetário – estava em questão referir como o cosmopolitismo repensado por Jacques Derrida tenta responder à exigência de se «pensar sob o modo da constelação» (cf. W. Benjamim), salientando as implicações desta exigência no plano do instituído. Desenvolvido e fundamentado, este texto tenta agora mostrar como, salientando os limites, as impotências e as graves deficiências do cosmopolitismo, a partir do levantamento dos seus pressupostos teórico-‑filosóficos de índole metafísica, Jacques Derrida o re-‑pensa em termos de alter-‑mundialização por vir.
Trauma craneoencefálico en Pediatría: La importancia del abordaje y categorización del paciente pediátrico
Authors: Morales Camacho William Javier , Plata Ortiz Jessica Estefania , Plata Ortiz Sandra , Macías Celis Andrés Camilo , Cárdenas Guerrero Yozsef , Nocua Alarcónc Laura Ximena , Pedrozo Díaz Ingrid Tatiana , Noguera Ana Milena
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN

El trauma craneoencefálico en población infantil continua siendo un grave problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, siendo la primera causa de muerte y discapacidad permanente en pediatría. Realizar un adecuado proceso de clasificación o categorización para determinar la severidad del mismo y establecer la necesidad de estudios complementarios (tomografía computarizada) e instaurar un tratamiento médico oportuno de forma individualizada son algunas de las prioridades para el profesional de salud en el abordaje del paciente pediátrico con trauma craneoencefálico. Las manifestaciones clínicas de esta entidad varían según el grupo etario. Dentro de la etiología, las caídas accidentales ocupan el primer lugar en frecuencia en lactantes y preescolares, mientras que los accidentes de tránsito en calidad de pasajero o peatón conforman la primera causa de TCE en niños mayores (adolescentes). Existe la imperiosa necesidad de evaluar según el contexto clínico y social del paciente la presencia de traumatismo no accidental y maltrato infantil por su impacto negativo en el pronóstico vital y neurológico del paciente pediátrico. Con respecto al tratamiento deberá estar encaminado a evitar el daño cerebral secundario por los mecanismos de hipoxia, hipoperfusión cerebral, hipertensión endocraneana e hipertermia responsables de las secuelas neurológicas temporales o permanentes del mismo.

 

Palabras Clave: Traumatismos Craneocerebrales; Mortalidad; Niños con discapacidad; Medicina de Urgencia Pediátrica.
Síndrome Nefrótico
Authors: Carvajal-Barrios Gustavo , Mejía Natalia , González Ch Luz Estella , Florez Adriana , Restrepo Carlos M. , Gastelbondo Ricardo
Published: May 2020

El síndrome nefrótico (SN) es la manifestación más frecuente de las glomerulopatías primarias no inflamatorias en niños y se caracteriza proteinuria masiva con hipoalbuminemia profunda, con hiperlipidemia y edema secundarios.El SN de etiología primaria entre 15 al 30% de causa de enfermedad renal crónica terminal (ERCT) en Colombia. Dadas las diferencias en el tratamiento instaurado entre pediatras y nefrólogos pediatras, en las dosis y la duración  del primer tratamiento, la presencia de  efectos adversos asociados a la inmunosupresión, así como los resultados finales, según el centro médico y el recurso humano disponible, se ha realizado esta revisión en un intento de ampliar el conocimiento de la enfermedad, unificando los avances genéticos que han caracterizado el pronóstico así como las nuevas opciones terapéuticas en el manejo de los pacientes difíciles.
Descripción y prevalencia de las anomalías del sistema nervioso central en los programas de vigilancia de defectos congénitos en Bogotá y Cali, Colombia, en el periodo del 2001 a 2016
Authors: García Valentina , Páez Sofía , Sarmiento Karen , Valencia Sandra , Deáquiz Bibiana , Puentes Shirly , Rodríguez Catherine , Hurtado-Villa Paula , Holguín Jorge , Zarante Ignacio
Published: May 2020

Antecedentes en Colombia para el 2015 las anomalías del Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC) constituyeron el 16% de la mortalidad por anomalías congénitas, una tasa de sobrevida alta que genera cronicidad en el manejo del paciente y aumento en la carga socioeconómica.

Objetivo describir las características clínicas y prevalencia de las anomalías del SNC en Bogotá y Cali del 2001 al 2016.

Métodos La información se obtuvo de los Programas de Vigilancia y Seguimiento de Anomalías Congénitas de Bogotá y Cali, realizando un análisis retrospectivo basado en casos y controles del ECLAMC. Se clasificaron los casos por grupos: aislados, polimalformados y sindrómicos. La proporción de casos y controles fue 1:4 respectivamente. Se analizó la distribución de frecuencias y las variables cuantitativas con prueba t de Student.

Resultados Se encontraron 924 anomalías del SNC de 488 521 nacimientos y 3696 controles, para una tasa de 18.91/10 000 nacidos vivos. Las malformaciones más frecuentes fueron hidrocefalia (4.24/10 000), microcefalia (3.95/10 000) y defectos del tubo neural (DTN) (3.54/10 000). Se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre peso, talla y edad gestacional entre casos y controles.

Conclusión Colombia continúa presentando una alta prevalencia de anomalías del SNC, sin embargo, se observa una tendencia a la reducción cuando se compara con las tasas de otros países. Se pudo concluir además la fuerte asociación de las anomalías congénitas del SNC con el parto pretérmino y prematuro, lo que tiene un alto impacto en la morbimortalidad y discapacidad.
ICMS Ecológico: análise de alternativas para sua implementação no estado da Bahia
Authors: NOVAES DANIEL SOUTO , PIRES MONICA MOURA
Published: May 2020

Este trabalho analisa alternativas para a implementação do ICMS ecológico no estado da Bahia. Com esse propósito foram estimados os valores repassados aos municípios baianos, a título de ICMS, conforme as regras vigentes (LCE n. 13/1997), comparando a situação observada com os cenários de implementação dos projetos de lei n. 76/2006 e 15.502/2006 e através da utilização de um indicador de sustentabilidade proposto neste trabalho. Os cálculos foram feitos considerando os anos 2006 e 2016. Para análise da proposta relativa ao indicador de sustentabilidade foi elaborado um índice para cada município baiano que, uma vez utilizado no cálculo do repasse do ICMS, fosse capaz para compensar, financeiramente, os municípios que adotam políticas públicas de promoção da sustentabilidade. Para tanto foi utilizado foi o Indicador de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (IDS). Os resultados revelam que a implementação dos projetos de lei traria desvantagens pelo reduzido número de critérios adotados, enquanto a utilização do IDS propiciaria o tratamento da realidade municipal de modo mais holístico. De todo modo, em todas as situações analisadas os valores destinados aos critérios ecológicos são inexpressivos em comparação ao critério relacionado, exclusivamente, à produção econômica municipal.
Study on Crush Tube Geometric Cross sections and Topology for Axial Crashworthiness
Authors: Reddy T.J. , Narayanamurthy V. , Rao Y.V.D.
Published: May 2020

Crush tubes are used as crash impact energy absorbing structure (EAS) and are located in the frontal compartment of road vehicles. Ideal crashworthiness of an EAS mandates that the equivalent decelerations due to impact forces should to be ≤ 20g; and crush force and stroke efficiencies should tend to unity. It is understood from the literature that no single geometric cross-section shape exhibits a near-ideal crashworthiness; and most EAS members exhibit a high initial peak crush force which is detrimental to the occupant safety, and moderate stroke and crush force efficiencies leading to a compromise in the total energy absorbed. In this paper, finite element analysis (FEA) methodology is formulated and experimentally validated for axial crush of a crush tube of SS304 material with circular cross section.  Subsequently, plastic deformation phenomenon and folding patterns in relation to crush force behaviour of crush tubes with various basic cross-sections of polygonal geometric shapes from triangle to octagon and circle are extensively studied through FEA. Further, two new geometric cross-section profiles with combination of basic shapes are proposed to combine the merits of different basic shapes. The crashworthiness of all basic cross-sections including the two proposed cross-section profiles is assessed based on standard parameters. The proposed new geometries may form a basis for the development of new EAS configurations for enhanced crashworthiness.
Method of Buildings Structural Vulnerability and Geometry Form Designs Evaluation Towards Earthquakes With The SVA Architectural Design
Authors: Teddy Livian , Hardiman Gagoek , Nuroji N. , Tudjono Sri
Published: May 2020

In the process of architectural design, there is no special method employed by architects to evaluate buildings’ structural vulnerability and building geometry form designs towards earthquakes. Therefore, the alternative is adapting the existing method called SVA-Retrofit. JBDPA and Matsutaro Seki developed this method, and then the author adapted this method now called SVA Architectural Design. In the process of adaptation, deep literature review was conducted in order to acquire the adaptation results of the SVA-Architectural Design. These results can furthermore be an early prediction of structural vulnerability toward earthquakes that eventually leads to finding solutions for building designs or conducting detailed analysis done by structure experts.
Faktor risiko stunting pada anak umur 6-24 bulan di kecamatan Penanggalan kota Subulussalam provinsi Aceh
Authors: Lestari Wanda , Margawati Ani , Rahfiludin Zen
Published: May 2020

Background : Aceh is one of the province in Indonesia with high prevalence of stunting that is 39% compared withnational 35,6%. Subulussalam has a highly proportion of stunting.Objective : This study was aimed to analyze the risk factors for stunting among children between 6-24 months old.Methods : The design was case-control study, the subjects were children between 6-24 months with 55 stunted and 55normal. The subjects chosen by consecutive sampling. The risk factors were education levels and employment of parent,family income, suffering from diarrhea and URTI, energy and protein intake, height of the parent, birth weight,exclusive breastfeeding, the time of complementary feeding, parenting style and source of clean water. Data analysisusing the odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and regression analysis.Results : The risk factors for stunting were low income of family (OR=8,5, 95%CI: 2,68-26,89), suffering from diarrhea(OR=5,04, 95%CI: 1,84-13,81) and URTI (OR=5,71, 95%CI: 1,95-16,67), inadequate of energy (OR=3,09, 95%CI:1,02-9,39) and protein intake (OR=5,54, 95%CI: 2,43-12,63), short stature of the parent (OR=11,13, 95%CI: 4,37-28,3), low birth weight (OR=3,26, 95%CI: 1,46-7,31), not exclusively breastfeeding (OR=6,54, 95%CI: 2,84-15,06),giving complementary feeding too early (OR=6,54, 95%CI: 2,84-15,06), and poor parenting style of feeding practices(OR=4,59, 95%CI: 2,05-10,25), child hygiene practices (OR=3,26, 95%CI: 1,46-7,31) and treatment of childrenpractices (OR=2,46, 95%CI: 1,13-5,34). Regression analysis showed that the dominant risk factor for stunting wasshort stature of the parent (OR=13,16, 95%CI: 3,72-46,52).Conclusions : The dominant risk factor for stunting was short stature of the parent.
Kadar radikal superoksid (O2-), nitric oxide (NO) dan asupan lemak pada pasien hipertensi dan tidak hipertensi
Authors: Astutik Pudji , Adriani Merryana , Wirjatmadi Bambang
Published: May 2020

Background: Hypertension closely related to impaired endothelial dependent vasodilation due to a decline in theavailability of nitric oksid (NO) and high fat intake, decreased Nitric Oksid caused due to increased levels ofsuperoksid.Objective: to analyze the differences in the levels of Superoksid Radical (O2-), Nitric oxide (N0) and fat intake inpatients with hypertension and not hypertension .Methods: this research is cross sectional, research amount sampelnya taken at random. 24 respondent patientsconsisting of 12 cases control, and 12 the age of 65 40- tahun.pengambilan samples conducted in outpatient installationregional general hospital Sidoarjo. Done bseline superoksid levels, nitric oxide and recall fat intake.Results: the average rate of Superoksid respondents not hypertension 0.250± 0, 034U/mL, 0,314± 056U/mLhypertension, Average levels of Nitric oksid respondents not hypertension 116,083± 46,962μ M, of which hypertension72,333± 40,51μ M, average consumption of fat respondents not hypertension 41,65± 8, 32gram, 51,52± 6,74gramhypertension . Based on the test results the difference against Superoksid levels of both research groups using a t-testtwo samples are free retrieved the value p < 0,05 (p = 0,004), NO content retrieved the value p < 0,05 (p = 0,023), fatintake obtained the value of p < 0,05 (p = 0,004) which means that there is a meaningful difference in the levels ofSuperoksid, Nitric oxide and the level of fat intake among respondents with no hypertension and hypertension.Conclusion: there is a radical difference in the levels of Superoksid, NO (Nitric Oxide) and fat intake in patients withhypertension and not hypertension.
Efek ekstrak daun sirsak (Annona muricata Linn) terhadap profil lipid tikus putih jantan (Rattus Norvegicus)
Authors: Wurdianing Indrawati , Nugraheni SA , Rahfiludin Zen
Published: May 2020

Background: Lipid profile effects is a risk factor for Coronary Heart Disease. Soursop leaves (Annona muricata L) isa traditional medicine plant containing metabolic compounds that contribute to the improvement of the lipid profile.Objective: To determine the effects of soursop leaves extract on lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDLcholesterol and triglyceride).Methods: An experimental study using randomized pre-posttest with control group design. Sample consisted of 28 maleWistar rats, were divided into four groups. The control group (K) was only given High Fat High Cholesterol (HFHC)diet and treatment groups (P1, P2, P3) were given a HFHC diet plus Annona muricata L extract with doses of 100, 200and 300 mg/kgBB per day for 28 days respectively. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon test, Kruskal-Wallis and MannWhitney.Results: The mean total cholesterol level significantly decreased in the treatment group P1 (p = 0.028) from 60.7 mg/dl(47.6-75.3) to 45.5 mg/dl (38.4-62.4). Mean HDL cholesterol level significantly increased in the treatment group P2(p=0.043) from 26.0 mg/dl (19.7-35.3) to 27.9 mg/dl (18.8-38.0). The mean levels of LDL cholesterol and triglyceridedecreased but not significantly.Conclusion: The administration of Annona muricata L extract can decrease total cholesterol and increase HDLcholesterol significantly.
Asupan seng dan status seng yang rendah sebagai faktor risiko kejadian infeksi filariasis (studi kasus di kota pekalongan)
Authors: Mastuti Dewi Nugraheni Restu
Published: May 2020

Background: Microfilariae infections in the human body does not always cause symptoms. filaria infected humans would induce a Th2 response by increasing the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and increased serum levels of IgE. Zinc deficiency is directly related to the regulation of immune response that is reduced due to decline in lymphopoesis as well as the effect on the immune response and the production of antibodies in people with normal nutritional status.Objective: This research is analytic survey with case control approach. Samples were selected with a total engineering sample of 42 people infected with filariasis of the samples taken by Comparing the number of 1 : 1. The subjects of the study were obtained when only 30 cases and 30 controls chosen. Zinc intake assessment is done by using a food frequency ( FFQ ) and food recall 3 x 24 hours later treated with Nutrisoft program. Assessment of serum zinc performed with venous blood sampling as much as 3 cc made 1 time. Statistical analysis was performed with chi square test.Results: Group infected and not infected with filariasis less zinc intake was 54.7 % and 45.3 % , zinc status is lacking in both infected and uninfected group was 50.0 % and 50.0 %. Thus intake of zinc and zinc status were less does not constitute a risk factor in the study group ( zinc intake : Value- p = 0.103 ; OR = 7.250 with a value 95 % CI = 0.815 to 64.45 and zinc status : p - value = 1.000 ; OR = 1,000 with a value 95 % CI = 0.131 to 7.605 ).Conclusion: The intake of zinc and low zinc status is not a risk factor incidence of filariasis infection in areas of research.
Pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan bagi ibu terhadap asupan energi, aktivitas fisik dan indeks massa tubuh pada anak kelebihan berat badan
Authors: Haya Miratul , Setiawati E Mexitalia , Margawati Ani
Published: May 2020

Background : The percentage of overweight children in Bengkulu (16.4%) is higher than the national (11.9%). Factors causing overweight is a high energy intake and low physical activity.Objective : To analyze the impact of health education for mothers in changes of maternal behavior, energy intake, physical activity level and Body Mass Index (BMI) z-score among overweight children 3-6 years old.Methode : Quasi-Experiment with non-randomized pre-post test control group design. Subjects (48 mothers) were selected purposively and divided into 2 groups (treatment and control). Health education in the treatment group was conducted 6 times in 12 weeks. Analyses were conducted by Independent t-test, Mann Whitney, Paired t-test, Wilcoxon and Covariance.Results: There was an increased in attitude score (20.9 ± 3.52), carbohydrate intake percentage (3.7 ± 7.30%) and physical activity level (0.04 ± 0.01) in the treatment  group. The energy  adequacy  level (-3.4 ± 13.26%)  and BMI z-score (-0.57 ± 0.26) decreased in the treatment group. There were difference between the treatment and control groups in attitude, energy adequacy level, physical activity level and BMI z-score after intervention (p <0.05).Conclusion: Health education for mothers affect the positive change in mother attitude in terms of the overweight children treatment and increased physical activity level, decreased energy adequacy level and BMI z-score in overweight children.
Immunoscore Guided Cold Tumors to Acquire “Temperature” Through Integrating Physicochemical and Biological Methods
Authors: Liu Jing , Xu Mengze , Yuan Zhen
Published: May 2020

Immunotherapy for the treatment of tumors has become the most compelling strategy after targeted treatment, especially for lung cancer and melanoma, as well as some blood cancers. For most remaining types of tumors (e.g., pancreatic, colorectal, and breast cancers), abundant immunotherapeutic strategies in the forms of immune checkpoint blockade, cancer vaccines, and CAR-T therapies produce little effect. Furthermore, the immunoreactions induced by various types of cancer and even in individual patients, differ among the single therapeutic immune checkpoint inhibitors, whose pre-existing immunoreaction remains to be optimized for cancer immunotherapy. According to the density of the infiltrating lymphocyte subsets at the invasive margin or core of primary solid tumors, the tumors were classified into four grades using the immunoscore, which is complementary to the tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging system in providing a better prognosis of cancer patients in addition to the classification of immunogenic hot tumors and non-immunogenic cold tumors. This review aimed to outline the features of the most difficult-to-treat and challenging cold tumors and potential approaches to transform “cold” tumors into “hot” tumors, because hot tumors are associated with a higher response rate to immunotherapy. We also summarized the current popular strategies for enhancing T cell trafficking, which may be helpful to provide an etiological basement for a more rational design of drug delivery systems and conquer drug-resistance during cancer therapy.
Sam68 mediates leptin signaling and action in human granulosa cells: possible role in leptin resistance in PCOS
Authors: Vilariño-García Teresa , Pérez-Pérez Antonio , Santamaría-López Esther , Prados Nicolás , Fernández-Sánchez Manuel , Sánchez-Margalet Víctor
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex metabolic disorder associated with ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, obesity, and insulin resistance, that leads to subfertility. Sam68 is an RNA-binding protein with signaling functions that is ubiquitously expressed, including gonads. Sam68 is recruited to leptin signaling, mediating different leptin actions.

Objective

We aimed to investigate the role of Sam68 in leptin signaling, mediating the effect on aromatase expression in granulosa cells and the posible implication of Sam68 in the leptin resistance in PCOS.

Materials and methods

Granulosa cells were from healthy donors (n = 25) and women with PCOS (n = 25), within the age range of 20 to 40 years, from Valencian Infertility Institute (IVI), Seville, Spain. Sam68 expression was inhibited by siRNA method and overexpressed by expression vector. Expression level was analysed by qPCR and immunoblot. Statistical significance was assessed by ANOVA followed by different post-hoc tests. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

We have found that leptin stimulation increases phosphorylation and expression level of Sam68 and aromatase in granulosa cells from normal donors. Downregulation of Sam68 expression resulted in a lower activation of MAPK and PI3K pathways in response to leptin, whereas overexpression of Sam68 increased leptin stimulation of signaling, enhancing aromatase expression. Granulosa cells from women with PCOS presented lower expression of Sam68 and were resistant to the leptin effect on aromatase expression.

Conclusions

These results suggest the participation of Sam68 in leptin receptor signaling, mediating the leptin effect on aromatase expression in granulosa cells, and point to a new target in leptin resistance in PCOS.
Novel insights into the metabolic action of Kiss1 neurons
Authors: Talbi Rajae , Navarro Victor M
Published: May 2020

Kiss1 neurons are essential regulators of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis by regulating gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release. Compelling evidence suggests that Kiss1 neurons of the arcuate nucleus (Kiss1ARC), recently identified as the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator driving fertility, also participate in the regulation of metabolism through kisspeptinergic and glutamatergic interactions with, at least, proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP)/neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons, located in close apposition with Kiss1ARC. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the recent developments, mainly derived from animal models, on the role of Kiss1 neurons in the regulation of energy balance, including food intake, energy expenditure and the influence of circadian rhythms on this role. Furthermore, the possible neuroendocrine pathways underlying this effect, and the existing controversies related to the anorexigenic action of kisspeptin in the different experimental models, are also discussed.