bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS ABILITIES MOTION IN SPACE OF CHILDREN WHO ARE DEAF OR HARD-OF-HEARING, WITHOUT USE OF EYESIGHT
Authors:   Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation, University of Tuzla, Hasanbegović Husnija
Published: September 2021

This study investigates knowledge on use of body extremities and body in space by children who are deaf or hard-ofhearing. A random sample of 60 participants was used in the study, with chronological age of 6 to 8 years. Experimental group of 30 participants involved pupils who are deaf or hard-of-hearing both male and female who attend school in Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Control group of 30 participants involved pupils who are typically hearing both male and female who were chronologically matched to the participants in the experimental group. Measuring instruments were created for the purpose of extracting quantitative data analysis, scaled from 1 to 5 units of measurement. The results are showed significant differences between children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing and children who are typically hearing (F=23, 08 p=0.00). The children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing showed significantly weaker knowledge of perception of body movements.
PLACE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF LATINISMS IN THE SLOVAK VOCABULARY
Authors:   Department of Classical Languages, Trnava University in Trnava, Karabová Katarína
Published: September 2021

Vocabulary of any language undergoes a natural evolution. In many cases this centuries-long process is related to several factors, including the penetration of new words into the language lexis. Similarly, the historical development of the Slovak language and its enhancement can be observed by examining the adoption of words from other languages. At a time when Latin was the only official language as well as the language of scholars and religious institutions in the Hungarian Kingdom, the penetration of Latinisms into the lexis of the old Slovak was significant. This trend was still evident in the 18th and 19th centuries marked by the beginning revivalist efforts. Domestication of adopted words - that initially stood at the edge of the language standard - was significantly influenced by innovative trends and technologies. The study does not primarily examine penetration of foreign words from modern languages, but it aims to analyse the process of naturalisation of Latinisms in Slovak and their use at different language levels.
ASSESSMENT OF THE GENERAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS CAUSED BY VIBRATIONS AT DRIVERS OF HEAVY MOTOR VEHICLES
Authors:   Center for Education and Rehabilitation of hearing and speech, Tuzla, Čajlaković Kurtalić Sanela , H. Mahmutovića Esad ,   Center for Education and Rehabilitation of hearing and speech, Tuzla, Beha Admira ,   Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation, University of Tuzla
Published: September 2021

In this paper we presented a research that estimates general psychological and functional characteristics of motor vehicle drivers, with the goal of determining the adverse effects of noise and vibration on the drivers. The study was conducted on a sample of 56 participants, professional drivers of motor vehicles, randomly chosen from companies of various types operating in transport of passengers and goods. For the evaluation of the results,we used descriptive and correlational analysis. The results showed that there were significant negative side effects caused by the nature of work of drivers, especially those under the influence of noise and vibration, which are even more significant in older participants and those with more years of service and those who spend more time driving during the interval of 24 hours , as well as those who drive heavier vehicles.
TRACKING, EVALUATION, AND GRADING STUDENT’S ACCOMPLISHMENT IN MATHEMATICS CLASESS
Authors:   Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tuzla, Rešić Sead , Halilčević Sanja ,   Elementary school „Seona“
Published: September 2021

This work will emphasise tracking, evaluation, and grading student’s accomplishments in mathematics classes. It is not enough just to track and grade acquiring knowledge, skills and habits, but it is also necessary to evaluate development of attitude, reasoning, subjective and objective development possibilities for students to become versatile, happy and human personalities. One of the hardest tasks in mathematics classes is evaluation of students. It is very complex process, but also it is the only possibility for teacher to acquire system for evaluation, tracking and grading students. System for evaluation must be in coordination with existing school system.
BOSNIAN LINGUISTIC USAGES IN THE LITERARY LANGUAGE OF SKENDER KULENOVIĆ
Authors: Kasumović Ahmet
Published: September 2021

After quite a long period of time, there appeared another scientifically researched book on yet another famous and significant Bosnian-Herzegovinian author. A young Doctor of Philosophy in the fields of philology and linguistics, Marijana Nikolić, published a book titled Bosnian Linguistics Usages in the Literary Language of Skender Kulenović. In her book, the author explains the following traits: Phonology, Phonostylistics, Morphology, Morphostylistics, Word formation, Nomina as a word-formative category, constituent derivatives with transposed meanings, as well as neologisms in the creative works of Bosnian-Herzegovinian author Skender Kulenović. The book also contains a list of Abbreviations, Works cited and Bibliography, Name- and Subject index, and also numerous Tables. The book of 165 pages in total was published by Off-set, in August of 2015 in Tuzla, Bosnia-Herzegovina.
SOME OUTLOOKS ON CREATIVITY IN MATHEMATICS TEACHING
Authors:   Institute for Pedagogy of Tuzla Canton, Agić Hariz , Rešić Sead ,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tuzla
Published: September 2021

The role and significance of Mathematics in human life is very important and holds a special place in development of contemporary society. Creativity in Mathematics teaching largely depends on Mathematics teacher. Teacher is the one who creates emotional environment in the classroom and it is expected from him/her to create with the students a relationship of trust and mutual responsibility for the success of conducting the teaching process. Students need to be interested and activated to individually solve tasks and find solutions to set Mathematical problems, to solve tasks in different ways using various methods, so that everybody can find a way of coming to a solution. This is easy to say. In any case, creativity as a competence holds a significant place in the set of key life competencies. Only teachers can answer questions whether Mathematics classes are creative, interesting, or acceptable for students. This paper will contain certain theoretical viewpoints about creativity in general, creative Mathematics teaching, relation towards creativity at school and outside. Research has shown that examinees (teachers of class and subject teaching in elementary and secondary schools) believe that they did not receive a good background during their university studies for strengthening teaching creativity. It transpired that creativity, as opposed to student and teacher, is appreciated less at the school and education system levels. Teachers (of all levels) have shown high level of agreement regarding the need for turnover in relation to creativity in Mathematics teaching, which would guarantee increase of interest of students for Mathematics.
INVESTIGATION OF THE MOST RELIABLE LANGUAGE LEARNING TOOL: A STUDY ABOUT THE NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF DICTIONARIES FOR A LANGUAGE LEARNER
Authors:   University of Lahore, Pakistan, Taskeen Samiya , Asad Habib Muhammad ,   Lahore Leads University, Shehzad Tarar Irfan ,   University of Lahore, Pakistan
Published: September 2021

Language learners always require some supportive tool that may assist them in their quest of learning a second or foreign language because its not an easy task to have grip over language which the learners are unfamiliar with. Traditionally the tool which had been attracted language learners is dictionary because it provides phonetic, phonological, semantic and syntactic information which paves the way of quick learning. The present article investigates the functions provided by the dictionaries regarding all aspects of language learning.
Entrepreneurship and Innovation – Two Sides of the Same Coin
Authors: Uygun Hayri , Gujrati Rashmi
Published: September 2021

Entrepreneurship and innovation are two closed words which are used in the present world market in business practice, research scholar, and in policymaking. It is very difficult to understand that they are different from each other. Entrepreneurship and innovation have multiple meanings. Both are related to each other. As well-known definitions given by the Schumpeter who defined entrepreneurs are individuals which bring innovation to be manager and leader need to have different ideas to change the global economy. The external and internal business environment both have been driven by entrepreneurship. Today in a competitive and dynamic environment every organization needs to adopt an entrepreneurial strategy and innovative skills to sustain and to develop in the market they have to continuously be innovative. The paper aims to focus on the relationship between entrepreneurship and innovation which creates changes and opportunities in businesses. How through innovation it diverts their business into a sustainable competitive advantage.
Inclusive Growth through Sports: A Comparative Study of Jharkhand Sports Policy with Haryana and Chhattisgarh
Authors: Vinamrta  , Utpal Kumar Chakraborty
Published: September 2021

In recent years Sports area has scaled up to be a lucrative industry from a leisure and recreational activity. For maintaining theboom in this industry it is very important that sports should be viewed as a good career option by the youngsters. This paper aims todescribe the situation of Indian sports industry and challenges faced by sports persons in choosing sport as a career option by usingthe secondary sources. The sports policy of 3 states Jharkhand, Haryana and Chhattisgarh has been analyzed to compare thevarious initiatives taken by the state government for sports development because sport is listed as a state subject in Indianconstitution. It is very clear from the features of the policy that what makes Haryana to be the sports capital of the country while thepoor planning, late updation and improper implementation of sports policy can be a growth obstacle for state players ofJharkhand.
Managing Small Businesses During Recession
Authors: P A L N S Kalyani
Published: September 2021

A recession is narrowing of an economic cycle and it is referred as slowdown of economic action. The macro economic factorsvaries during recessions. There will be a fall in production, employment, GDP, investment, capacity utilization, spending,household income, inflation and business fall. The rate of unemployment and bankruptcies rise during recession. Due to adversesupply shock there will be a drop in consumption and there will be a bursting of economic buddle. Even though owing businessorganizations is not without struggles, the rewards they earn often worth it. Every entrepreneur enjoy great freedom andflexibility in comparison with a regular employee. With a right kind of state of mind and proper understanding of hardship with areto be faced, a proper plan is required to tackle the ups and down in the journey of Entrepreneurship with respect of Small Scalesector. One of the biggest challenges faced by small firms is its difficulty to reach break even. It often takes 2 to 3 years for smallbusinesses to accomplish their goals. Especially during recession, small business organizations often hit the hardest. Reducedspending power, inadequate preparedness for recession, budget constraints etc., are making it impossible for small business toendure. The present article offers various suggestions for small businesses to manage during recession.
Examining the off Balance Sheet Exposure and Efficiency of Indian Commercial Banks – A DEA Approach
Authors: Kompalli Sasi Kumar
Published: September 2021

The study examined the exposure and efficiency of select public and private sector banks towards off balance sheet items byapplying Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) on the key financial performance ratios of banks. The study covered a period of 5years ranging from 2013 to 2017 and conducted a year wise analysis. The study selected 20 different type of variables (financialvariables) for building Input –Output Model to test DEA for examining efficiency. These variables are acting as proxy variablesfor indicating the effect of Off balance sheet exposures on the financial health of the business. These variables are extracted fromthe financial statements of respective banks on a year on year basis and required adjustments are done. The study investigated theOff balance sheet exposures in the areas of Foreign Exchange Transactions, Guarantees, Acceptance and Endorsements etc., Theproxy variables, so identified for the study are employed for understanding various efficiencies of banks like scale efficienciesinvolve Constant Returns to Scale (CRS), Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) and average efficiencies like Technical Efficiency(TE), Cost Efficiency (CE), Allocative Efficiency (AE). The study find out that throughout the study period, the select banksexhibited constant returns to scale, except CUB and AXIS Bank in the first year of study (2013) displayed increasing returns toscale due to heavy exposures. In the category of efficiency parameters, AXIS Bank and CUB are displaying lower efficiencies inthe segment of private sector banks and Andhra Bank and OBC exhibiting lower efficiencies in the segment of public sectorbanks. Here lower efficiencies with references to cost savings aspects and output generation, this may be due to their scale ofoperations in the industry. The study concluded that large banks are exhibiting highest efficiencies than compared to small banksoperating in the industry. This is definitely an area for further research to the industry and researchers to examine the direct effectof Off balance sheet transactions (IFRS amendments in this direction only), so that credit risk can be reduced considerably in thebusiness. So that business houses can take up calculated risk in the international markets.
Prospects of Women Entrepreneurship in the Jute Industry of Assam: An Analysis
Authors: Kalita Bidyut Jyoti , Bhuyan Anjan
Published: September 2021

Jute is an important fibre crop in Assam in terms its economic and social relevance. Assam is the third largest jute producing state in India after West-Bengal and Bihar. Large amount of jute cultivation takes place in the rural and riverine areas of Assam since British colonisation. Based on the availability of raw material and entrepreneurial supports initiated by the National Jute Board (NJB), women entrepreneurship in the jute industry have grown-up in the last two decades. Rural women primarily produce various decorative handicraft and handloom products which are getting wider acceptance in the regional and national markets. Growing environmental awareness and effort to replace polypropylene among environment conscious consumer has created opportunities for the entrepreneurs of the jute industry because of the inherent ecological attributes of this natural fibre. This paper is an attempt to analyse the contemporary scenario of women entrepreneurship in the jute industry of Assam. Production process, marketing practices as well as the constraints are also taken into consideration in the study. The paper is based on both primary data and secondary data. Primary data was collected from 120 women engaged in the process of jute crafts selected through snowball sampling procedure. It is found that, scarcity of time due to family and social responsibilities act as a major hindrance in the process of jute entrepreneurship. However, marketing practices are less troublesome then the production process. The study suggest for ensuring uninterrupted supply of fibre and other inputs to undertake production as a full economic activity among the women entrepreneur.
Budaya – A Social Enterprise Business Model
Authors: Singh Prashant , Kataria Pushpa
Published: September 2021

The article illustrates the business plan of a social enterprise - Budaya. This business is based on the recent visible trends of the growing number of international students in Australia. One of the main problems they face is getting work opportunities in the country due to work restrictions or lack of Australian work experience. Also, Australian companies prefer to hire locals. Moreover, small and medium companies (SME’s) are trying to explore the international markets to diversify their business. It requires information about the international markets and its preferences. Thus, there is an unmet need on both sides. To meet these demands, we have come up with a platform called Budaya to match both these unmet needs. Based in Brisbane, Budaya is a platform to provide international students work opportunities in the form of internships in local SME’s based on their cultural knowledge and skills and to some degree, this behavior will also help companies to understand the different culturally diverse markets by employing international students. Our purpose is to help international students find working opportunities and local companies get foreign markets information. Thus, Budaya is a social enterprise, as the income generated from the business shall be invested back into the business to make it grow.
Innovation In Indian Hospitality Industry: A Reflection Of Culinary Perspectives
Authors: Mohanty P. P.
Published: September 2021

The hospitality and restaurant industry is changing rapidly, but silently and inevitable from many points of view. These innovations are motivated by demographic patterns, by the demands of modern consumers and are also influenced by the global economic crisis. Modern consumers and their ever-changing needs prompt response and service personalised to their needs. It is a specific sector due to several factors that affect the customer's view of experience, and hence innovation in this sector is a dynamic and multidimensional process. In order to succeed in a competitive market and make sustainable profits, the hospitality industry needs to be different for competitive advantage and innovation. When the various theoretical backgrounds on culinary innovation in hospitality sectors are checked, it is found that studies representing the views of the hotel and restaurant chefs and cooks are inadequate and many of them are also unaware of this particular word called “innovation”. Hence this paper tends to explore the various existing knowledge on food innovation and try to communicate it among the chefs and cooks working in hotels and restaurants. For this purpose, the secondary method of data collection has been initiated to find out through knowledge about it.
Study of Green Supply Chain Management Practices and its impact on Chemical Industries
Authors: Mishra Satish , Bhakay Jayashree
Published: September 2021

Supply chain management is about minimizing or optimizing operation to maximize the efficiency of an organization. The effective Supply Chain Management delivers product or services quickly, at lower cost without any quality compromise. In Green Supply Chain Management, the word Green means greening the process of procurement, manufacturing, storage, distribution and reverse logistics (Source – Proceedings of the International Multi-Conference 2010, Hong Kong). The importance of green supply chain management is to optimize and reduce waste which could be in the form of solid waste, emissions, energy and chemical/hazardous liquids. These days the concerns to producers or manufacturer are coming from various issues relating to Environment like different directives or legislation from consumer or end user in many countries. Purpose: The objective of this study is to understand Green Supply Chain Management practices implementation in Chemical Industries in India. The other objective is to study and understand the effect of Green Supply Chain Management Practices on Chemical Industry’s performance. The third objective is to understand the impact of PESTEL (Political, Environmental, Social, Technological, and Economical and Legal) on implementation of GSCMP. The last objective for the study is to understand the role of Institutional pressure, Green Innovations on Organizations performance. Methodology: Data will be collected through a survey method within Chemical Industries in India and would be based on structured questionnaire. Chemical industry in India will be taken for study. Total 80 Supply Chain personnel will be interviewed. The sample is adequate as it represents 10% of the total chemical industries as ten percent of the total industries sample is adequate as per Hair et al.(2005), Umasekaran (2006). Expected Results: The importance of green supply chain management practices on Indian chemical industry’s performance taking into account the test method. The institutional pressure plays moderated effect between performance of an organization and Green supply chain management. It is also observed that the technology of greening has mediating outcome between performance of an organization and green supply chain management practices.
Impact of antecedents of online learning on learner’s satisfaction in higher education: An empirical investigation on Commerce and Management students in the COVID era.
Authors: Afreen Afsha , Chaubey Diksha
Published: September 2021

The essence of digitization is rooted in almost all the field in daily routine of every individual, thoroughly. Digital inclusions in education have not been very focused in the past in developing countries like India. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, even schools at primary level education also started using digital platforms for transmitting knowledge. It is due to the advancement in the field of Information and Communication Technology (ITC) that exchange of knowledge between teachers and students never stopped. In this study, the researcher has focused on evaluating the perception of students towards online learning and analyzing the impact of it on their perceived satisfaction from such electronic plinth. A model was developed taking perceived satisfaction as dependent variable while technology, instructor’ role, student’s role, interaction and class management as independent variable. A total of 233 valid responses were collected from graduate and post graduate students of commerce and management from Varanasi city using 5-point Likert scale standard questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis revealed that instructor’s role and student’s role were found significant affecting perceived satisfaction. The study suggested that rather than getting distracted due to unfriendly disturbances in the teaching environment, instructor should focus on attitude development, timeliness and quick response, solving queries and providing feedback to students. Students should give more stress on attitude development and self-motivation. The study will be a great help to the institutions in strengthening their learning environment and further improve learner satisfaction.
Does Online Travel Applications Influence Consumer Decisions – A Literature Review using Bibliometric tools
Authors: Gupta Ratish C. , Dubey Shatakshi
Published: September 2021

Travelling and tourism plays an important medication for the relaxation of the people taking time out of their busy and hectic schedules by staying in places away from their standard conditions for a brief timeframe only for refreshment. Tourism has an imperative impact in the commitment towards advancement, foreign exchange and enhancement of employability for progression of community. The share of tourism to the world economy is 9% of GDP. The most basic estimation of tourism can be said as the social exchange among various nationalities that visit the country and varied tie-ups that may clear course for overall peace and harmony. As, travelling and tourism has turned into the most mainstream, trendy and real wellspring of income in India. Tourism has given a vast purview of freedom to travellers and explorers to broaden the market and it act as significant aspect for travellers while deciding among various mode of travels and factors affecting them. This Paper is about growing online travel Application (OTAs) where researchers have studied number of academic articles and research papers on their possible impact on purchase decision of consumers.
A Narrative Thematic Study of the Impact of International Placement Experience on Graduate Occupational Therapy Practice
Authors: Levitt Olivia , Gilbert-Hunt Susan , Baker Amy , Boshoff Kobie
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aim and Background: Globally, there is movement towards the internationalisation of allied health care. Many universities across the globe are offering international student placements as part of the movement to create therapists equipped to participate in a dynamic, borderless environment.  This narrative study sought to contribute to the developing body of knowledge exploring these longer-term impacts. Design and Methods: Seven occupational therapy graduates who completed an international placement as part of their studies were recruited. Narrative data were gathered via in-depth semi-structured interviews, and thematically analysed by coding and grouping similar concepts to develop themes. Results: The overarching themes were the influence of international placement on participants’ paths and practice as therapists. Sub-themes included developing relationships, representing occupational therapy, working with interpreters, cultural sensitivity and empathy, reflective practice, resourcefulness and autonomy. Conclusion: The study identifies ongoing impact of international student placement on occupational therapy practice. Participants gained a rangeof experiences during their time overseas that has influenced their practice as therapists. Future studies would provide further knowledge to inform universities and students of the benefits of undertaking international student placements.
Keywords: international educational exchange, professional practice, professional competence
Effects of Telerehabilitation on Patient Adherence to a Rehabilitation Plan: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Trial
Authors: Gaboury Isabelle , Tousignant Michel , Corriveau Hélène , Menear Matthew , Le Dorze Guylaine , Rochefort Christian , Vachon Brigitte , Rochette Annie , Gosselin Sylvie , Michaud François , Bollen Jessica , Dean Sarah
Published: September 2021

Background

Strong evidence supports beginning stroke rehabilitation as soon as the patient’s medical status has stabilized and continuing following discharge from acute care. However, adherence to rehabilitation treatments over the rehabilitation phase has been shown to be suboptimal.

Objective

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of a telerehabilitation platform on stroke patients’ adherence to a rehabilitation plan and on their level of reintegration into normal social activities, in comparison with usual care. The primary outcome is patient adherence to stroke rehabilitation (up to 12 weeks), which is hypothesized to influence reintegration into normal living. Secondary outcomes for patients include functional recovery and independence, depression, adverse events related to telerehabilitation, use of services (up to 6 months), perception of interprofessional shared decision making, and quality of services received. Interprofessional collaboration as well as quality of interprofessional shared decision making will be measured with clinicians.

Methods

In this interrupted time series with a convergent qualitative component, rehabilitation teams will be trained to develop rehabilitation treatment plans that engage the patient and family, while taking advantage of a telerehabilitation platform to deliver the treatment. The intervention will be comprised of 220 patients who will take part in stroke telerehabilitation with an interdisciplinary group of clinicians (telerehabilitation group) versus face-to-face standard of care (control group: n=110 patients).

Results

Our Research Ethics Board approved the study in June 2020. Data collection for the control group is underway, with another year planned before we begin the intervention phase.

Conclusions

This study will contribute to the minimization of both knowledge and practice gaps, while producing robust, in-depth data on the factors related to the effectiveness of telerehabilitation in a stroke rehabilitation continuum. Findings will inform best practice guidelines regarding telecare services and the provision of telerehabilitation, including recommendations for effective interdisciplinary collaboration regarding stroke rehabilitation.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04440215; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04440215

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/32134
ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS’ PERCEPTIONS, VIEWS, AND SATISFACTIONS WITH THE ROLES OF PHARMACISTS IN MENTAL HEALTH CARE – A STUDY IN A NIGERIA PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL
Authors: C OFOR AMALA
Published: September 2021

Objectives: To assess the psychiatric patients’ perception, views, and satisfactions with the pharmacists’ role in mental health care.
Methods: The study was conducted in a Neuropsychiatric Hospital in South Eastern part of Nigeria from October 2019 through January 2020 using a cross sectional survey in convenient samples and a total of 128 patients completed the study. The questionnaire contained the patients’ demographic details, six-item questions on respondents’ perception, 7-item questions on patients’ satisfaction, and six-item questions on the respondents’ view. The questionnaire was coded, checked for accuracy and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 23 for windows.
Results: The response rate was 94% where 136 respondents showed willingness to participate, but 128 respondents completed the study. All the participants were young adults and adults, male (53.1%), female (46.9%). About 93.8% of the respondents agreed that the pharmacists were friendly and 89.1% admitted that pharmacists’ care were about perfect. About 69.5% were satisfied with the pharmacists’ professional outlook, while only 42.2% are of the view that the pharmacists offer counseling without their asking for it.
Conclusion: The patients’ perception on the pharmacists’ skills and knowledge in handling psychiatric patients was high; their satisfaction with the pharmacists’ professional outlook can be considered fair, while their views on pharmacists’ counseling can be considered to be generally poor.
RETROSPECTIVE MULTICENTRIC STUDY ON THE POST-SURGERY SYMPTOMATIC AND OBJECTIVE IMPROVEMENT OF BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA PATIENTS
Authors: GUPTA NEERAJ , MAINI SUNIL KUMAR , PAL VISHNU , TIWARI PUNIT , BM LOYA
Published: September 2021

Objectives: To evaluate patients of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) preoperatively and identify those who would benefit from surgery, to evaluate outcome of surgery for BPH with respect to symptomatic and objective improvement of patients, and to compare the results of different surgeries for BPH being done different hospitals at Bhopal, which included transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), transurethral incision of prostate (TUIP)/bladder neck incision (BNI), and Freyer’s prostatectomy?
Methods: The present study was carried out at different hospitals of Bhopal. Patients presenting to the surgery outpatient department with symptoms of obstruction, namely, weak urinary stream, frequency hesitancy, intermittency, urgency, nocturia, etc., were included in the study. Some of the subjects included were patients presenting during emergency timings with complaints of retention of urine or occasionally other symptoms. The American Urological Association (AUA) Symptom Index questionnaire was administered to all such patients. They were also evaluated by ultrasound examination and patients having BPH on ultrasound (USG) were further evaluated by uroflowmetry.
Results: Prostatic weight correlated well with the maximum urinary flow rates with an inverse relationship. Both maximum and average urinary flow rates (Q max and Qav) were improved by all the three surgeries However, TURP and Freyer’s prostatectomy showed greater improvement as compared to TUIP/BNI. Combination of AUA scoring, USG, and uroflowmetry helped us document improvement in our BPH patients and compared it favorably with other studies.
Conclusion: Uroflowmetry was a simple assessment tool easy to learn and use. It was also inexpensive and formed a useful extension to clinical examination providing objective evidence of obstruction. It also helped to indirectly quantity the severity of obstruction. Symptom severity did not correlate with prostate size. Small prostates caused symptoms in the severe range also while even large prostates sometimes caused little symptoms. Prostatic weight correlated well with the maximum urinary flow rates with an inverse relationship.
HOT MELT EXTRUSION IN ENGINEERING OF DRUG COCRYSTALS: A REVIEW
Authors: RAJADHYAX ARCHANA , SHINDE UJWALA , DESAI HARITA , MANE SHRUSHTI
Published: September 2021

Crystal engineering technique has been widely explored in recent times to bring about changes in crystallinity which aids to achieve various goals such as solubility enhancement, stability and in vivo bioavailability without altering the chemical properties of the drug. Cocrystallisation is one of the crystal engineering approaches where the drug and an inert coformer are linked together by hydrogen bonding forming supramolecular homosynthon or heterosynthon using solvent-based or solvent-free techniques. Processing of active pharmaceutical ingredients with inert water-soluble coformers yields multicomponent crystalline cocrystals with high-performance characteristics and enhanced flow properties. Due to the emerging need of the industry for greener techniques, hot melt extrusion (HME), a continuous and solvent-free process is emerging as a field of interest in the mechanochemical synthesis of various pharmaceutical dosage forms such as solid dispersions, implants, ointments, and cocrystals. The current review emphasizes the role of HME as a cocrystallization technique for drugs to tailor-make their properties and ease of formulation. The distinct feature of HME is phase control during the process of cocrystallization. Furthermore, the selection of appropriate coformers with desirable water-solubility and stability features makes HME amenable to cocrystallization of versatile actives yielding suitable dosage forms. The application of process analytical technology further adds ease of monitoring during HME in cocrystallization approaches. Due to these salient features of HME, it can act as a prospective technique for cocrystallization of versatile drugs thus yielding dosage forms with desirable solubility and stability features.
PREVALENCE OF NEAR MISS AND MATERNAL DEATHS AND ITS MATERNAL AND PERINATAL OUTCOMES: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: MADAN ANITA , SHARMA PALLAVI , KAUR JAGDEEP , PURI ANISHA
Published: September 2021

Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine maternal mortality ratio (MMR), maternal near miss incidence ratio (MNM IR), MNM to mortality ratio (MNM: MD), and mortality index (MI) and to know the prevalence, demographic distribution, causes and feto-maternal outcome of maternal near miss and maternal deaths.
Methods: A retrospective review of near miss and maternal mortality over a period of 20 months in a tertiary teaching hospital in Punjab.
Results: MMR was 998 MNM IR was 24.20/1000 live births. Maternal near miss mortality ratio was 2.4:1. MI was 29.21%. The most common cause of maternal mortality was hypertension, which was seen in 14 (53.84%) women. Among near miss cases, the most common complication noted was hemorrhage, seen in 40 (63.49%) cases. Among maternal deaths, 7 (26.92%) women delivered vaginally, 6 (23.07%) women underwent emergency cesarean section. Among near miss cases, 20 (31.74%) women delivered vaginally, 13 (20.63%) women underwent cesarean section while 7 (11.11%) had cesarean hysterectomy. Laparotomy for ruptured ectopic pregnancy was done in 6 (9.52%) women, 7 (11.11%) women had dilatation and evacuation, 3 (4.76%) had exploration of Uterovaginal canal. Preterm birth has seen in 8 (12.69%) in maternal deaths and 23(36.50%) in maternal near miss. Intrauterine fetal demise occurred in 4 (6.34%) in maternal deaths and 2 (4.87%) in near miss.
Conclusion: The review of near miss cases is important to identify response of health care system to medical emergencies and provides opportunities to improve the quality of service.
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON ETIOPATHOGENESIS, TREATMENT AND EMERGING THERAPIES OF BREAST CANCER
Authors: KUMAR ARUN
Published: September 2021

Breast cancer (BC) appears to the most predominant form of cancer for women and the second largest factor in malignancy-associated mortality in women globally. The major predicts indicators for BC comprise lower menarche, late pregnancy, later menopause, obesity, alcohol intake, immobility, and another factor that influence the development of BC. Even though, it’s rising prevalence, BC death has decreased due to screening, early diagnosis, and access to adjuvant therapies for their treatment. Chemotherapy, surgery, targeted therapy, hormone therapy, and radiation therapy are all treatments for BC, but due to adverse side effects and several drug resistances, they are becoming largely unsuccessful. BC is a complex disorder for several different forms and classification has depended on the cell morphology and immunohistochemical evaluation focused on the deregulation gene expression of various molecular biomarkers, that is, BRCA1, BRCA2, mTOR, PI3K, RB, MDM2, TQK53, and HER2, microRNA is responsible for BC occurrences. Several in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies are underneath assessment and many other types of research, clinical studies are promising better effectiveness against cancerous cell proliferation and related pathways involved in tumor growth and angiogenesis. Hence, in the present review, we summarized and compiled the complete information of BC about its molecular pathogenesis, biomarkers, staging system, emerging therapies, and current advancement of BC.
ASPECTS OF UTILIZATION AND LIMITATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN DRUG SAFETY
Authors: T SUJITH , T CHAKRADHAR , MARPAKA SRAVANI , K SOWMINI
Published: September 2021

Previously, it was thought that computers cannot perform the works on its own and need the human intelligence but now it is possible with the help of artificial intelligence (AI). AI has the potential to impact nearly every aspect of medical science. As pharmacovigilance (PV) deals with data concerning drug safety, it is being considered the field to be enormously transforming in near future with the emergence of AI. This article explores and gives an overall review of the researches done to implement AI technologies in PV activities. Among many of the PV activities, case processing is the most resource-consuming area, and signal detection is considered to be a poorly functioning area due to various limitations. Introducing AI will potentially fulfill the limitations in these areas and help us to use the resources in a focused way to get the real-world risk-benefit ratio for a better understanding of the safety profile of drugs and to take timely action for the well-being of people.
PREPARATION AND IN VIVO EVALUATION OF CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL SOLID DISPERSIONS
Authors: KUMAR UPPULURU ASHOK , SURESH GANDE
Published: September 2021

Objective: The present study aims at development of solid dispersions (SD) of candesartan cilexetil for enhanced solubility and bioavailability.
Methods: About 18 SD formulations of candesartan cilexetil were prepared by solvent evaporation technique and evaluated. The in vitro release studies were conducted and the best formulation chosen was further characterized for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope, X-ray, and stability. The in vivo evaluation study conducted in rats.
Results: The formulation SD16 containing drug and Soluplus in 1:3 ratio along with 2% selective laser sintering was chosen optimal based on drug content (99.08%), and drug release (99.7%). In vivo studies conducted on SD16 showed that mean time to peak concentration (Tmax) was 2.0±0.05 and 4±0.2 h for the optimized and pure drug, respectively, while mean maximum drug concentration (Cmax) was 570.63±2.65 ng/mL and was significant as compared to the candesartan pure drug 175.146±0.07 ng/mL. Area under curve AUC0-∞ infinity for candesartan SD16 was higher (4860.61±1.05 ng.h/ml) than pure drug suspension 1480±1.72 ng.h/ml.
Conclusion: Hence, the developed SD formulations enhanced the bioavailability of drug by 3 folds.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COUNSELING AND DIGITAL BOOKLET BY PHARMACIST ON ADHERENCE AND PAIN CONTROL OF CANCER PATIENTS AT DHARMAIS CANCER HOSPITAL
Authors: SHAVIRA RURYNTA FERLY , ANDRAJATI RETNOSARI , PUTRI RISANI ANDALASIA
Published: September 2021

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of counseling and digital booklet on the level of treatment adherence through reduced pain scale, Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) scores, and pill count scores in patients with cancer pain using opioid analgesics.
Methods: The author conducted this study at Dharmais Cancer Hospital with a quasi-experimental design. The study sample consisted of 134 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, underwent a counseling intervention, and received a digital booklet. The author divided the sample into two groups, the counseling group (n=67) and the digital booklet group (n=67). Adherence level was measured using MMAS-8 and pill count. The pain scale was measured using the Numerical Rating Scale. Those measurements were conducted before the intervention (pre-test) and after 2 weeks of provisioning counseling and receipt of the digital booklet (post-test).
Results: The results showed that each counseling and digital booklet improve adherence (p<0.05) and decrease pain scale (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in changes in the level of adherence (p=0.027) between the two groups. However, there was no significant difference in changes in the pain scale (p=0.132) between the two groups.
Conclusions: The analysis showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between adherence level and pain scale before and after intervention by both counseling and digital booklet. Nevertheless, adherent increasing and pain scale reduction by counseling is better than a digital booklet.
EVALUATION OF SELF-MEDICATION PRACTICE IN SECOND YEAR UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS AT A MEDICAL COLLEGE IN SOUTH GUJARAT
Authors: SHAH AASHAL , DHANANI JATIN VELJIBHAI , BHADIYADARA SUNIL , NAVADIYA VIPUL
Published: September 2021

Objectives: Self-medication is the use of medicines by owns self without proper consultation. The practice of self-medication has increased, especially in medical students. Hence, this study was carried out to evaluate the self-medication practices among 2nd year undergraduate students of our institute.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional and observational study conducted among the 2nd year MBBS students for 1 month. The study comprised a pre-approved and pre-validated questionnaire in English consisting of two sections: Section 1 included questions regarding demographic details of the students and whether they practiced self-medication in the past 1 year. If they responded with a yes, they were asked to fill Section 2 which had questions about the details of their self-medication practice. The questionnaire was administered by the faculty of the pharmacology department after taking written informed consent. Only completely filled questionnaires were evaluated. The results were expressed using mean and percentages.
Results: 139 questionnaires were analyzed. About 80.58% students practiced self-medication. Female students (87.18%) were self-medicating more than male students (72.13%). Majority of the students who practiced self-medication obtained the medicine from the pharmacy (78.57%) and used it for 7 or fewer days. Analgesics (90.18%) were the most common group of drugs used followed by antipyretics. The most common indication was pain or headache (87.50%). Minor illness (73.21%) was the most common reason for self-medication.
Conclusion: The practice of self-medication was quite high in the 2nd year MBBS students of our institute. They lack awareness regarding the safe and rational use of medicines.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF IN VIVO PLANT AND IN VITRO CALLUS EXTRACT OF CARDIOSPERMUM HALICACABUM L.
Authors: R THANIARASU , M LOGESHWARI
Published: September 2021

Objective: The present investigation focuses on the use of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. in their phytochemical and biological activities.
Methods: In this study, in vivo stem and in vitro callus ethanolic extracts of C. halicacabum were tested for their phytochemical attributes by qualitative method, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), antioxidant, antibacterial, and bioactive compound properties. The bactericidal activity of the in vivo stem and in vitro callus extract has been evaluated in both Gram+ve and Gram-ve microorganisms using the disk diffusion method.
Results: The highest frequency (78%) of well developed, dark green organogenic callus was induced from stem explant on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.7 mg/l 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and 0.5 mg/l benzyl adenine (BA). The results of FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of functional groups in wild stem and in vitro callus extract of C. halicacabum with various peaks. The total phenolic content in ethanolic extract of in vivo plant and in vitro callus was 80.46 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight and 76.4 mg GAE/g dry weight, respectively. The highest percentage of tannins was measured at 78.03 in wild stem ethanol extracts followed by 75.22 in callus extract. The antioxidant activity of 2,2-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) ethanol extract was found to be 206.54 μg/ml. IC50 values of the stem extracts of C. halicacabum are 306 μg/ml and 286 μg/ml in callus extract, respectively. Antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract was higher for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with a 17 mm zone of inhibition.
Conclusion: The present investigation recommended that the callus ethanolic extract function as a good source of biologically active compounds and natural antioxidants.