bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of life and psychological co-morbidities in children and adolescents with cardiac pacemakers and implanted defibrillators: a cohort study in Eastern Germany
Authors: Paech Christian , Ebel Victoria , Wagner Franziska , Stadelmann Stephanie , Klein Annette M. , Döhnert Mirko , Dähnert Ingo , Gebauer Roman Antonin
Published: April 2020

Introduction:

The implantation of a pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator during childhood may reduce quality of life and lead to mental health problems. This study aimed to evaluate potential mental health problems (i.e., depressive and anxiety symptoms) and quality of life in children with cardiac active devices in comparison to healthy peers.

Methods:

We analysed data of children with pacemakers or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators aged 6–18 years. Quality of life, depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed by standardised questionnaires. The results were compared to age-matched reference groups.

Results:

Children with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator showed significant lower quality of life in comparison to reference group (p = 0.03), but there was no difference in quality of life between children with pacemaker and reference group. There was no significant difference in depressive symptoms between children with a cardiac rhythm device compared to reference group (self-report: p = 0.67; proxy report: p = 0.49). There was no significant difference in anxiety (p = 0.53) and depressive symptoms (p = 0.86) between children with pacemaker and children with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.

Conclusions:

Living with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in childhood seems to decrease the patients’ quality of life. Although children with pacemaker and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator don’t seem to show more depressive and anxiety symptoms in comparison to their healthy peers, there still can be an increased risk for those children to develop mental health problems. Therefore, treating physicians should be aware of potential mental health problems and provide the patients and their families with appropriate therapeutic offers.
The associations of specific school- and individual-level characteristics with obesity among primary school children in Beijing, China
Authors: Cheng Lan , Li Qin , Hebestreit Antje , Song Yi , Wang Di , Cheng Yu , Wang Hai-Jun
Published: April 2020

Objective:

We aimed to investigate the associations between school-level characteristics and obesity among Chinese primary school children with consideration of individual-level characteristics.

Design:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015/2016. School-level characteristics were assessed using an interviewer-administered school questionnaire, and a ‘school-based obesity prevention index’ was further developed. Individual-level characteristics were collected by self-administered questionnaires. Objectively measured height and weight of students were collected, and obesity status was classified according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria for Asian children. Generalised linear mixed models were used to estimate the associations among the school- and individual-level characteristics and obesity of students.

Setting:

Thirty-seven primary schools from an urban and a rural district of Beijing, China.

Participants:

School staffs, 2201 students and their parents.

Results:

The school-based obesity prevention index involved the number of health professionals, availability of students’ health records, monitoring students’ nutrition status, frequency of health education activities, reporting achievements of obesity prevention activities to parents, duration of physical activity during school time and availability of playground equipment. The prevalence of obesity was lower in schools with the higher index value compared with that in schools with the lower index value (OR 0·56; 95 % CI 0·40, 0·79). Some individual-level characteristics were negatively associated with childhood obesity: liking sports, duration of screen time ≤2 h/d, perceived lower eating speed, parental non-overweight/obesity.

Conclusions:

Irrespective of individual-level characteristics, the specific school-level characteristics had a cumulative effect on obesity among Chinese primary school children. Further school-based obesity intervention should consider these characteristics simultaneously.
An Administrative Crack in the EU’s Rule of Law: Composite Decision-making and Nonjusticiable National Law
Authors: Brito Bastos Filipe
Published: April 2020

Composite administrative procedures – Exclusive jurisdiction of Union courts to review non-binding national preparatory acts – No jurisdiction of Union courts to enforce national law – Autonomy and uniformity of EU law – No judicial control possible of violation of domestic law by national authorities – National rule of law gap – Judicial review, effective judicial protection, and principle of administrative legality
Lex Innocentium(697 AD): Adomnán of Iona – father of Westernjus in bello
Authors: Houlihan James W.
Published: April 2020

This article is concerned with an Irish law dating from 697 AD, calledLex Innocentiumor the Law of the Innocents. It is also known asCáin Adomnáin, being named after Adomnán (d. 704), ninth Abbot of Iona, who was responsible for its drafting and promulgation. The law was designed to offer legislative protection to women, children, clerics and other non-arms-bearing people, primarily, though not exclusively, in times of conflict. Today, the laws of war fall into two categories: those attempting to regulate when it is lawful or just to go to war, now calledjus ad bellum, and those attempting to limit the awful effects of war by stipulating how it should be properly conducted (for instance, in providing for non-combatant immunity), now calledjus in bello. By proscribing the killing and injuring of non-arms-bearing people,Lex Innocentiumis anin bellolaw, and by virtue of its being the first known such law, Adomnán, its author, is the father of Westernjus in bello.
Understanding Body Image and Appearance Management Behaviors Among Adult Women in South Korea Within a Sociocultural Context: A Review
Authors: Lin Kathy L. , Raval Vaishali V.
Published: April 2020

Body image has been widely examined in Western societies such as the United States, yet far less is known about body image in other cultures. A country with a booming plastic surgery industry, which is suggestive of the presence of negative body image, South Korea provides a unique context to study body image. The purpose of this review was to synthesize literature examining body image and related variables in South Korean adult women and identify relevant sociocultural factors and localized perspectives (e.g., Confucianism and gender roles) for understanding body image in South Korean society. Findings generally indicate that many South Korean adult women often experience negative body image, which is associated with adverse functioning. Sociocultural factors including media, social group factors (e.g., respect for others), societal advantages in career and marriage, and general acceptance of plastic surgery seemingly play a role in the importance of achieving ideal beauty standards in South Korean adult women. Limitations of existing literature include lack of attention to sociocultural factors in conceptualization and lack of measures assessing these factors, inconsistency in measuring body image, and the cross-sectional design of all studies reviewed.
Circumventing huge volume strain in alloy anodes of lithium batteries
Authors: Li Hongyi , Yamaguchi Takitaro , Matsumoto Shingo , Hoshikawa Hiroaki , Kumagai Toshiaki , Okamoto Norihiko L. , Ichitsubo Tetsu
Published: April 2020

Since the launch of lithium-ion batteries, elements (such as silicon, tin, or aluminum) that can be alloyed with lithium have been expected as anode materials, owing to larger capacity. However, their successful application has not been accomplished because of drastic structural degradation caused by cyclic large volume change during battery reactions. To prolong lifetime of alloy anodes, we must circumvent the huge volume strain accompanied by insertion/extraction of lithium. Here we report that by using aluminum-foil anodes, the volume expansion during lithiation can be confined to the normal direction to the foil and, consequently, the electrode cyclability can be markedly enhanced. Such a unidirectional volume-strain circumvention requires an appropriate hardness of the matrix and a certain tolerance to off-stoichiometry of the resulting intermetallic compound, which drive interdiffusion of matrix component and lithium along the normal-plane direction. This metallurgical concept would invoke a paradigm shift to future alloy-anode battery technologies.
Electrostatic grafting of graphene onto polyamide 6,6 yarns for use as conductive elements in smart textile applications
Authors: Asadi Miankafshe Milad , Bashir Tariq , Persson Nils-Krister
Published: April 2020

Electrostatic graphene-grafted conductive yarns were prepared based on a scalable manufacturing method using conventional polyamide 6,6 (PA 6,6) multifilament yarns, common in the textile industry.
Computational investigation of geometrical effects in 2D boron nitride nanopores for DNA detection
Authors: Zhang Yonghui , Zhou Yujia , Li Zhen , Chen Huoji , Zhang Li , Fan Jun
Published: April 2020

Boron nitride nanopores with circular, hexagonal, quadrangular and triangular shape were studied for their potential in DNA detection.
Trace metals dramatically boost oxygen electrocatalysis of N-doped coal-derived carbon for zinc–air batteries
Authors: Liu Huimin , Huang Xinning , Lu Zhenjie , Wang Tao , Zhu Yaming , Cheng Junxia , Wang Yue , Wu Dongling , Sun Zhenyu , Robertson Alex W. , Chen Xingxing
Published: April 2020

The commercialization of metal–air batteries requires efficient, low-cost, and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts for reversible electrocatalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
A robust 3D printed multilayer conductive graphene/polycaprolactone composite electrode
Authors: Lee Chong-Yong , Sayyar Sepidar , Molino Paul J. , Wallace Gordon G.
Published: April 2020

We fabricated a 3D-printed multilayer conductive graphene/polycaprolactone composite electrode that shows excellent robustness, biocompatibility and electrochemical response.
A photoluminescence biosensor for the detection of N-acyl homoserine lactone using cysteamine functionalized ZnO nanoparticles for the early diagnosis of urinary tract infections
Authors: Vasudevan Sahana , Srinivasan Parthasarathy , Rayappan John Bosco Balaguru , Solomon Adline Princy
Published: April 2020

We report a PL biosensor using cysteamine functionalized ZnO nanoparticles for the detection of quorum sensing signals (N-acyl homoserine lactones).
Ion chromatography for monitoring [NTf2]− anion contaminants in pure and saline water
Authors: Clarke Coby J. , Bui-Le Liem , Hallett Jason
Published: April 2020

An optimized ion chromatography method for quantifying highly polarizable [NTf2]− anions in high salinity wastewater is presented.
Design and synthesis of glyco-peptides as anti-cancer agents targeting thrombin-protease activated receptor-1 interaction
Authors: Chang Yu-Hsuan , Wu Jen-Chine , Yu Hui-Ming , Hsu Hua-Ting , Wu Ying-Ta , Yu Alice Lin-Tsing , Yu Cheng-Der Tony , Wong Chi-Huey
Published: April 2020

Anti-cancer glyco-peptides inhibit the thrombin-protease activated receptor-1 interaction in exosite I without affecting the active-site mediated coagulation activity.
Rational ligand choice extends the SABRE substrate scope
Authors: Colell Johannes F. P. , Logan Angus W. J. , Zhou Zijian , Lindale Jacob R. , Laasner Raul , Shchepin Roman V. , Chekmenev Eduard Y. , Blum Volker , Warren Warren S. , Malcolmson Steven J. , Theis Thomas
Published: April 2020

Here we report on chelating ligands for Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) catalysts that permit hyperpolarisation on otherwise sterically hindered substrates.
Synthesis and characterization of a supported Pd complex on carbon nanofibers for the selective decarbonylation of stearic acid to 1-heptadecene: the importance of subnanometric Pd dispersion
Authors: Ochoa Elba , Henao Wilson , Fuertes Sara , Torres Daniel , van Haasterecht Tomas , Scott Elinor , Bitter Harry , Suelves Isabel , Pinilla Jose Luis
Published: April 2020

Evaluation of the dispersion of Pd active sites on the catalyst performance during fatty acids decarbonylation to α-olefins was explored in this work. Pd subnanometric particles, clusters and aggregates were found to modulate the catalyst activity.
Zn-Templated synthesis of substituted (2,6-diimine)pyridine proligands and evaluation of their iron complexes as anolytes for flow battery applications
Authors: Braun Jason D. , Gray Paul A. , Sidhu Baldeep K. , Nemez Dion B. , Herbert David E.
Published: April 2020

Zn2+ templating enables synthesis of redox ‘non-innocent’ diimine pyridine ligands with strong electron-withdrawing groups, allowing construction of iron complexes with multiple ligand-based reductions for application in redox flow batteries.
Quaternary cerium(iv) containing fluorides exhibiting Ce3F16 sheets and Ce6F30 frameworks
Authors: Ayer Gyanendra B. , Klepov Vladislav V. , Pace Kristen A. , zur Loye Hans-Conrad
Published: April 2020

A view of the size of trivalent cations M3+ plotted against the size of the tetravalent framework forming cations Th4+, U4+, and Ce4+ and a complex 3D framework structure of Na3MCe6F30 (M = Al, Ga, Fe, and Cr) along the c-axes.
Site-selective halogenation of mixed-valent vanadium oxide clusters
Authors: Maiola Michela L. , Petel Brittney E. , Brennessel William W. , Matson Ellen M.
Published: April 2020

Here, we expand on the synthesis and characterization of chloride-functionalized polyoxovanadate-alkoxide (POV-alkoxide) clusters, to include the halogenation of mixed-valent vanadium oxide assemblies.
Ru(ii)-Naphthoquinone complexes with high selectivity for triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Oliveira Katia M. , Peterson Erica J. , Carroccia Murilo C. , Cominetti Marcia R. , Deflon Victor M. , Farrell Nicholas P. , Batista Alzir A. , Correa Rodrigo S.
Published: April 2020

Ru(ii)/lapachol complex shows significant selectivity for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) compared to the non-tumor human breast epithelial cell line.
3-Step flow focusing enables multidirectional imaging of bioparticles for imaging flow cytometry
Authors: Kleiber Andreas , Ramoji Anuradha , Mayer Günter , Neugebauer Ute , Popp Jürgen , Henkel Thomas
Published: April 2020

The control of the focus plane allows multi-directional imaging flow cytometry.
Toward safer solid-state lithium metal batteries: a review
Authors: Wang Zhenkang , Liu Jie , Wang Mengfan , Shen Xiaowei , Qian Tao , Yan Chenglin
Published: April 2020

This minireview summarizes several potential safety issues for solid-state lithium batteries, and the general conclusion and perspective on the research of solid-state lithium batteries with ultra-high safety are presented.
Crystal phase engineering of self-catalyzed GaAs nanowires using a RHEED diagram
Authors: Dursap T. , Vettori M. , Danescu A. , Botella C. , Regreny P. , Patriarche G. , Gendry M. , Penuelas J.
Published: April 2020

It is well known that the crystalline structure of the III–V nanowires (NWs) is mainly controlled by the wetting contact angle of the catalyst droplet which can be tuned by the III and V flux.
A bifunctional catalyst based on Nb and V oxides over alumina: oxidative cleavage of crude glycerol to green formic acid
Authors: Oliveira Henrique S. , Oliveira Luiz Carlos A. , Chagas Poliane , Sangiorge Daniel L. , Figueiredo Marcio P. , Siqueira Kisla P. F. , Hensen Emiel J. M.
Published: April 2020

A bimetallic vanadium and niobium oxide catalyst using alumina as support was developed for the conversion of crude glycerol from biodiesel production into formic acid.
Fabrication of a 3D self-supporting Ni–P/Ni2P/CC composite and its robust hydrogen evolution reaction properties in alkaline solution
Authors: Yang Fan , Yang Shuqin , Niu Qianqian , Huo Siyue , Song Zimo , Song Laizhou
Published: April 2020

The Ni–P/Ni2P/CC composite exhibits excellent alkaline HER properties derived from Ni–P filling the sites on the CC not occupied by Ni2P nanosheets.
Evaluation of corrosion inhibition performance of a novel ionic liquid based on synergism between cation and anion
Authors: Gao Huajing , Xie Ning , Wang Hong , Chen Maolong , Zhang Jianlin , Sun Jian , Jin Zhaohui
Published: April 2020

A dense hydrophobic film of [Bhim]CETSA formed on the surface of A3 steel and effectively prevented contact between the steel surface and the corrosive medium.
Interplay between porous texture and surface-active sites for efficient oxygen reduction reactions in N-inherited carbon
Authors: Chinnadurai Deviprasath , Rajendiran Rajmohan , Selvaraj Aravindha Raja , Kim Hee-Je , Prabakar Kandasamy
Published: April 2020

Nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials have excellent ORR activities due to their synergistic effects caused by the electron-accepting ability of the adjacent sp2 bonded carbon atoms leading to the redistribution of charge density.
Ag nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotube sponges for removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution
Authors: Wu Junjie , Zhang Jiapeng , Zhou Shenglin , Yang Zhaohui , Zhang Xiaohua
Published: April 2020

Fabrication of AgNP-Pdop-CNTS for MB adsorption and regeneration.
Flexible pressure sensors with a highly pressure- and strain-sensitive layer based on nitroxyl radical-grafted hollow carbon spheres
Authors: Chu Jie , Cai Jueping
Published: April 2020

The flexible sensor based on free radical-modified hollow carbon spheres is highly sensitive to both compression and tension.
Point defect induced intervalley scattering for the enhancement of interlayer electron transport in bilayer MoS2 homojunctions
Authors: Ou Yang , Kang Zhuo , Liao Qingliang , Gao Shihan , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Yue
Published: April 2020

The interlayer transport of MoS2 homojunctions can be enhanced by point defect induced K–Q intervalley scattering.
Modulated podosome patterning in osteoclasts by fullerenol nanoparticles disturbs the bone resorption for osteoporosis treatment
Authors: Chen Kui , Geng Huan , Liang Wei , Liang Haojun , Wang Yujiao , Kong Jianglong , Zhang Jiaxin , Liang Yuelan , Chen Ziteng , Li Jiacheng , Chang Ya-nan , Li Juan , Xing Gengyan , Xing Gengmei
Published: April 2020

Fullerenol hampers podosome patterning in osteoclasts, results in the failure of bone resorption.
High-pressure experiments as a novel perspective to study the molecular dynamics of glass-forming materials confined at the nanoscale
Authors: Tarnacka Magdalena , Mierzwa Michał , Kamińska Ewa , Kamiński Kamil , Paluch Marian
Published: April 2020

We report the pioneering high-pressure dielectric studies on the dynamics of a model van der Waals glass-forming liquid bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether infiltrated into anodic aluminum oxide templates of the mean pore sizes, d = 150 and d = 18 nm.
A Rh-catalyzed three-component reaction for the diastereoselective synthesis of pyrazolone derivatives with contiguous quaternary stereocenters
Authors: Ao Chaoqun , Huang Jingjing , Xu Xinfang , Jia Shikun , Kang Zhenghui , Hu Wenhao
Published: April 2020

Efficient approach for the facile construction of polyfunctionalized pyrazolone derivatives bearing two contiguous quaternary stereocenters in good yields with high regioselectivities and excellent diastereoselectivities.
A base-promoted tandem approach to bicyclic 8-membered ring ketones
Authors: dos Santos Emerson E. F. , de Souza Gabriela F. P. , Simoni Deborah A. , Salles Airton G.
Published: April 2020

A base-promoted tandem route toward unprecedented bicyclic furan/8-membered ring ketones is reported.
An advanced three-dimensionally ordered macroporous NiCo2O4spinel as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn–air batteries
Authors: Béjar José , Álvarez-Contreras Lorena , Ledesma-García Janet , Arjona Noé , Arriaga Luis Gerardo
Published: April 2020

A rechargeable ZAB was assembled using a NiCo2O43DOM spinel displaying an open circuit potential of 1.44 V, a power density of 101 mW cm−2, and a high durability during charge/discharge cycling (being operated for 21 h).
Bioactive hydrogel coatings of complex substrates using diffusion-mediated redox initiation
Authors: Wancura Megan , Talanker Michael , Toubbeh Shireen , Bryan Alex , Cosgriff-Hernandez Elizabeth
Published: April 2020

Iron diffusion-mediated hydrogel crosslinking is a facile method to generate conformable hydrogel coatings with tunable thickness, multilayer structures, and bioactivity.
High-efficiency near-infrared fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes with small efficiency roll-off based on AIE-active phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole derivatives
Authors: Liu Futong , Tan Yongbo , Liu Hui , Tang Xiangyang , Gao Lei , Du Chunya , Min Jiarui , Jin Haixu , Lu Ping
Published: April 2020

PIBz-3-PTZ exhibits strong fluorescence with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 35% in films. The nondoped device achieves a maximum external quantum efficiency of 2.02% peaking at 672 nm with small efficiency roll-off.
Effects of alkyl chain length and anion on the optical and electrochemical properties of AIE-active α-cyanostilbene-containing triphenylamine derivatives
Authors: Chen Sin-Yu , Pai Min-Hao , Liou Guey-Sheng
Published: April 2020

A series of AIE-active and redox-active α-cyanostilbene-containing triphenylamine derivatives with different alkyl chain lengths and anions were successfully synthesized, and their optical, photoluminescent and electrochromic behaviors were investigated.
Enhancing effects of reduced graphene oxide on photoluminescence of CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots
Authors: Pu Yongjie , Liu Wenqiang , Liu Yunyong , Jiang Qiwei , Li Yinli , Zhao Zuncheng , Yuan Guodong , Zhang Yang
Published: April 2020

The composites of CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets have been synthesized by an in situ solution reaction.
α-DTC70 fullerene performs significantly better than β-DTC70 as electron transporting material in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Castro Edison , Fernandez-Delgado Olivia , Artigas Albert , Zavala Gerardo , Liu Fang , Moreno-Vicente Antonio , Rodríguez-Fortea Antonio , Velasquez José D. , Poblet Josep M. , Echegoyen Luis
Published: April 2020

In this work, two new C70 isomers α and β bis(2-(thiophen-2-yl)ethyl)-C70-fullerene mono-adducts (DTC70) were synthesized, characterized and used as electron transporting materials (ETMs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
Palliative Care in Dysphagia and Dementia
Authors: Smith Pamela A.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this clinical focus article is to discuss palliative care for patients with dysphagia who also have a comorbid condition of dementia. It reviews the nature of palliative care as encompassing important aspects of patient/resident choice and comfort, which are important regardless of the cognitive status of the patient or the terminal nature of the diagnosis. It provides a comparison of palliative care, hospice care, and rehabilitative care. It then discusses issues that are specific to dementia and dysphagia for patients who are approaching the end of life.

Conclusion

The philosophy of palliative care need not be limited to end-of-life cases in dysphagia management as considerations for comfort, and patient's wishes should always be part of care planning. Clinicians working with cognitively impaired patients at the end of life must be particularly sensitive to their communication efforts and be willing to work cooperatively with family members and other stakeholders in developing plans of care using shared decision making.
Diffusion of Radiodense Contrast Medium Following Perineural Injection of the Deep Branch of the Lateral Plantar Nerve Using Two Different Techniques in Horses: an In Vivo Study
Authors: Cantatore Federica , Marcatili Marco , Pagliara Eleonora , Bertuglia Andrea , Withers Jonathan
Published: April 2020

Objectives This article evaluates and compares the diffusion pattern of radiopaque contrast medium following perineural analgesia of the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve performed using two different techniques: weight-bearing or flexed.

Study Design This was an in vivo experimental study.

Methods Eight horses were enrolled. Perineural injection of the right and left deep branch lateral plantar nerves was performed with a weight-bearing or flexed technique, using radiopaque contrast medium (iohexol). Radiographic evaluation was performed after 5 (T5), 15 (T15) and 30 (T30) minutes. The diffusion of contrast medium was assessed independently by two blinded readers who analysed the extension of the main contrast medium bulk and the maximum diffusion of contrast medium in both proximal and distal directions. The effect of time and technique employed on contrast medium diffusion was assessed using two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures (p  ≤  0.05).

Results There was no significant difference in the diffusion of the contrast medium between the two techniques at T15. However, at T30 the weight-bearing technique resulted in a significantly increased diffusion in the proximal direction (p = 0.02). In one case, belonging to the weight-bearing group, contrast medium was identified within the tarsal sheath. There was no evidence of contrast medium in the tarsometatarsal joint of any horse, regardless of the technique used.

Conclusions The two techniques resulted in a similar diffusion at T15. However, the use of a weight-bearing technique resulted in a significant increase in proximal contrast medium diffusion 30 minutes after injection.
Evaluation of Film Thickness of Crown Disclosing Agents and Their Comparison with Cement Film Thickness after Final Cementation
Authors: Habib Syed Rashid , Ansari Abdul Sadekh , Bajunaid Salwa Omar , Alshahrani Abdullah , Javed Muhammad Qasim
Published: April 2020

Objective Verification of the accuracy of crown fit before final cementation is imperative. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the film thickness of commonly used dental crown disclosing materials and their comparison with final cement thickness.

Materials
and Methods One hundred fifty provisional crowns (Protemp) were fabricated on standardized resin dies and divided into five groups (N = 150; n = 30) based on five disclosing agents: A = Fit-Checker auto-mix; B = Okklu-top; C = Express; D = Fit-Checker hand-mix; E = Coltene PSI, and Final cement = Relyx U200. Crowns were loaded with test materials, tried over dies under load (50N), and later cemented under same load. Film thickness (µm) was recorded between crown margin and the finish line of die after loading with test material and final cementation using a digital microscope.

Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, Tukey’s and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05).

Results Significant variations were found between the film thicknesses of the five disclosing agents (p = 0.019). Group-A showed the lowest (131.67 ± 101.10 μm), while group-B (295.00 ± 263.88 μm) showed the highest film thickness (p = 0.011). Film thicknesses after cementation were similar for groups (p = 0.957). Significant difference was observed for group-B disclosing agent versus final cement (p = 0.010). The lowest mean difference between the film thicknesses of the disclosing agent and final cementation of 13.1 μm was revealed for group-A.

Conclusions Variations in the film thicknesses of the tested disclosing agents were found. Fit-Checker auto-mix was found with minimal film thickness and satisfied the requirements as the disclosing agent, while Okklu-top aerosol spray did not.
Fatal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage due to Intravascular Adrenaline Absorption
Authors: Bansal Sonia , Rao Ganne S. Umamaheswara , Syeda Seham , Surve Rohini M.
Published: April 2020

Vasoconstrictors are commonly administered with local anesthetics (LAs) to decrease intraoperative bleeding. However, inadvertent systemic absorption of adrenaline is not uncommon and is associated with significant hemodynamic consequences and arrhythmias, which are usually inconsequential. We report a case of suspected intravascular adrenaline absorption in a 1-year-old girl with craniosynostosis, which led to subarachnoid hemorrhage, herniation, and death.
Surface wave photonic quasicrystal
Authors: An Yinbing , Gao Zhen , Ouyang Zhengbiao
Published: April 2020

In developing strategies for manipulating surface electromagnetic waves, it has been recently recognized that a complete forbidden bandgap can exist in a periodic surface-wave photonic crystal, which has subsequently produced various surface-wave photonic devices. However, it is not obvious whether such a concept can be extended to a quasi-periodic surface-wave system that lacks translational symmetry. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that a surface-wave photonic quasicrystal that lacks short-range order can also exhibit a forbidden bandgap for surface electromagnetic waves. The lower cutoff of this forbidden bandgap is mainly determined by the maximum separation between the nearest neighboring pillars. Point defects within this bandgap show distinct properties compared to a periodic photonic crystal in the absence of translational symmetry. A line-defect waveguide, which is crafted out of this surface-wave photonic quasicrystal by shortening a random row of metallic rods, is also demonstrated to guide and bend surface waves around sharp corners along an irregular waveguiding path.
Possible monoclinic distortion of Mo2GaC under high pressure
Authors: Nikolaevsky Mark , Friedman Roee , Dahlqvist Martin , Hornik Mishael , Sterer Eran , Barsoum Michel W. , Rosen Johanna , Melchior Aviva , Caspi El’ad N.
Published: April 2020

In this work, we present high-pressure diffraction results of the Mo-based Mn + 1AXn phase, Mo2GaC. A diamond anvil cell was used to compress the material up to 30 GPa, and x-ray diffraction was used to determine the structure and unit cell parameters as a function of pressure. Somewhat surprisingly, we find that, at 295 ± 25 GPa, the bulk modulus of Mo2GaC is the highest reported of all the MAX phases measured to date. The c/a ratio increases with increasing pressure. At above 15 GPa, a splitting in the (1 0 0) reflection occurs. This result, coupled with new density functional theory calculations, suggests that a second order phase transition to possibly a mixture of hexagonal and monoclinic structures may explain this splitting. Such experimentally and theoretically supported phase transitions were not predicted in previously published calculations.
Incorporation of erbium ions into thin-film lithium niobate integrated photonics
Authors: Wang Sihao , Yang Likai , Cheng Risheng , Xu Yuntao , Shen Mohan , Cone Rufus L. , Thiel Charles W. , Tang Hong X.
Published: April 2020

As an active material with favorable linear and nonlinear optical properties, thin-film lithium niobate has demonstrated its potential in integrated photonics. Integration with rare-earth ions, which are promising candidates for quantum memories and transducers, will enrich the system with new applications in quantum information processing. Here, we investigate the optical properties at 1.5 μm wavelengths of rare-earth ions (Er3+) implanted in thin-film lithium niobate waveguides and micro-ring resonators. Optical quality factors near a million after post-annealing show that ion implantation damage can be repaired. The transition linewidth and fluorescence lifetime of erbium ions are characterized. The ion-cavity coupling is observed through a Purcell enhanced fluorescence from which a Purcell factor of 3.8 ± 0.5, compared with waveguide lifetime, is extracted. This platform is compatible with top-down lithography processes and leads to a scalable path for controlling spin-photon interfaces in photonic circuits.
Lithium-niobate-on-insulator waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors
Authors: Sayem Ayed Al , Cheng Risheng , Wang Sihao , Tang Hong X.
Published: April 2020

We demonstrate waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on thin-film lithium niobate (LiNbO3, LN). Using a 250 μm-long NbN superconducting nanowire lithographically defined on top of a 125 μm-long LN nanowaveguide, an on-chip detection efficiency of 46% is realized with simultaneous high performance in dark count rates and timing jitter. As LN possesses high χ(2) second-order nonlinear and electro-optic properties, an efficient single-photon detector on thin-film LN opens up the possibility to construct a small-scale fully integrated quantum photonic chip, which includes single-photon sources, filters, tunable quantum gates, and detectors.
Exactly solvable models of stochastic gene expression
Authors: Ham Lucy , Schnoerr David , Brackston Rowan D. , Stumpf Michael P. H.
Published: April 2020

Stochastic models are key to understanding the intricate dynamics of gene expression. However, the simplest models that only account for active and inactive states of a gene fail to capture common observations in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Here, we consider multistate models of gene expression that generalize the canonical Telegraph process and are capable of capturing the joint effects of transcription factors, heterochromatin state, and DNA accessibility (or, in prokaryotes, sigma-factor activity) on transcript abundance. We propose two approaches for solving classes of these generalized systems. The first approach offers a fresh perspective on a general class of multistate models and allows us to “decompose” more complicated systems into simpler processes, each of which can be solved analytically. This enables us to obtain a solution of any model from this class. Next, we develop an approximation method based on a power series expansion of the stationary distribution for an even broader class of multistate models of gene transcription. We further show that models from both classes cannot have a heavy-tailed distribution in the absence of extrinsic noise. The combination of analytical and computational solutions for these realistic gene expression models also holds the potential to design synthetic systems and control the behavior of naturally evolved gene expression systems in guiding cell-fate decisions.
Development of Al foil-based sandwich-type ZnO piezoelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Yoon Chongsei , Jeon Buil , Yoon Giwan
Published: April 2020

This paper presents a highly cost-effective design for an aluminum (Al) foil-based ZnO/Ag/ZnO-stacked piezoelectric nanogenerator (ZAZ-NG) fabricated using radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Both Al foil sheets and a silver (Ag) paste layer are utilized to make a ZAZ-NG composed of an Ag paste layer sandwiched between two zinc oxide (ZnO) layers. The output voltages of the ZAZ-NGs with various ZnO thicknesses are measured for three different bending strains. As a result, the devices could generate a relatively high peak-to-peak output voltage (Vpp) of up to 2.5 V, which is 28 times higher than that of the single ZnO layered device. In addition, the device performance shows a strong dependence on the thickness of the ZnO layer. Moreover, the ZAG-NG device is structurally stable and can be fabricated using cost-effective methods.
Rotation coupling of magnetic islands with different toroidal mode-numbers in the T-10 tokamak
Authors: Ivanov N. V. , Kakurin A. M.
Published: April 2020

Experimental results on rotation coupling between the m = 2, n = 1 and m = 3, n = 2 tearing-modes in the T-10 tokamak are presented. In the specially chosen T-10 regime, these two modes are observed simultaneously, no modes other than these two ones being detected. For each of the two tearing-modes, a rotation irregularity expressed as frequency modulation is analyzed. The characteristics of the frequency modulation are used to identify the effect of each mode on the oscillations of the other one. According to the experiment, the frequency modulation of each mode consists of two components if the two modes are present simultaneously. The first component is related to the effect of static Error Field and the second one arises due to the mode coupling. For the modes in question with different toroidal numbers, the natural explanation of this coupling is related to the effect of plasma viscosity. The nonlinear visco-resistive TEAR-code is used for simulation and parametric analysis of the experimental data. The simulation results confirm the assumption that the observed coupling between tearing-modes with different toroidal mode-numbers can be attributed to plasma viscosity.
Biosolid stabilization through dielectric barrier discharge reactor
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: April 2020

The model simulates the air flow and temperature ina dielectric barrier discharge reactor, opening doors for biosolid stabilization research.
Domain evolution in bended freestanding BaTiO3 ultrathin films: A phase-field simulation
Authors: Guo Changqing , Dong Guohua , Zhou Ziyao , Liu Ming , Huang Houbing , Hong Jiawang , Wang Xueyun
Published: April 2020

Perovskite ferroelectric oxides are usually considered to be brittle materials; however, recent work [Dong et al., Science 366, 475 (2019)] demonstrated the super-elasticity in the freestanding BaTiO3 thin films. This property may originate from the ferroelectric domain evolution during the bending, which is difficult to observe in experiments. Therefore, understanding the relation among the bending deformation, thickness of the films, and domain dynamics is critical for their potential applications in flexible ferroelectric devices. Here, we reported the dynamics of ferroelectric polarization in the freestanding BaTiO3 ultrathin films in the presence of large bending deformation up to 40° using phase-field simulation. The ferroelectric domain evolution reveals the transition from the flux-closure to a/c domains with “vortex-like” structures, which is caused by the increase in out-of-plane ferroelectric polarization. Additionally, by varying the film thickness in the identical bending situation, we found that the a/c phase with a vortex-like structure emerges only as the film thickness reached 12 nm or higher. The results from our investigations provide instructive information for the microstructure evolution of bending ferroelectric perovskite oxide films, which could serve as a guide for the future application of ferroelectric films on flexible electronic devices.
Excitation and characterization of long-lived hydrogenic Rydberg states of nitric oxide
Authors: Deller A. , Hogan S. D.
Published: April 2020

High Rydberg states of nitric oxide (NO) with principal quantum numbers between 40 and 100 and lifetimes in excess of 10 µs have been prepared by resonance enhanced two-color two-photon laser excitation from the X 2Π1/2 ground state through the A 2Σ+ intermediate state. Molecules in these long-lived Rydberg states were detected and characterized 126 µs after laser photoexcitation by state-selective pulsed electric field ionization. The laser excitation and electric field ionization data were combined to construct two-dimensional spectral maps. These maps were used to identify the rotational states of the NO+ ion core to which the observed series of long-lived hydrogenic Rydberg states converge. The results presented pave the way for Rydberg–Stark deceleration and electrostatic trapping experiments with NO, which are expected to shed further light on the decay dynamics of these long-lived excited states, and are of interest for studies of ion–molecule reactions at low temperatures.
Field-programmable acoustic array for patterning micro-objects
Authors: Tung Kuan-Wen , Chiou Pei-Yu
Published: April 2020

A field-programmable acoustic platform is introduced to enable re-configurable patterning of micro-objects into complex and non-periodic shapes with sub-wavelength resolution. Conventional acoustic methodologies are difficult in realizing versatile adjustments of potential energy profiles due to the constraint of the device structure. To tackle such a challenge, we present a digitally programmable, near-field acoustic platform that permits the generation of versatile potential profiles. This platform uses an array of aqueous-medium filled cavities that can be selectively vaporized by a laser beam to pattern the acoustic wavefront of a plane wave to shape acoustic potential profiles. We have demonstrated a field-programmable acoustic platform with a digital pixel resolution of 40 μm pitch. With a 17 mW, 532 nm laser, an air cavity can be generated at a rate of 1 cavity/s.
Numerical simulations on laser absorption enhancement in hybrid metallo-dielectric nanostructured targets for future nuclear astrophysics experiments
Authors: Pirruccio G. , Rocco D. , De Angelis C. , Sorbello G. , Mascali D. , Torrisi G. , Frassetto M. , Malferrari L. , Odorici F. , Altana C. , Lanzalone G. , Muoio A. , Tudisco S. , Benocci R. , Gorini G. , Palladino L.
Published: April 2020

The linear electromagnetic interaction between innovative hybrid metallo-dielectric nanostructured targets and laser in visible and IR range is investigated through numerical simulations. The obtained results rely on the optimization of a target based on metallic nanowires (NWs) to enhance light absorption in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The NWs are grown within the ordered nanoholes of an alumina substrate, thus, forming a plasmonic lattice with triangular symmetry. The remaining volume of the nanoholes on top of the NWs is sealed with a transparent layer of aluminum oxide that is suitable to be chemically modified for containing about 25% of deuterium atoms. The study presented here is carried out within the framework of a scientific program named PLANETA (Plasmonic Laser Absorption on Nano-Engineered Targets) aiming at investigating new laser–matter interaction schemes in the ns domain and for nuclear fusion purposes, involving especially the D–D reaction.
A review of chemical speciation techniques used for predicting dissolved copper bioavailability in seawater
Authors: Sánchez-Marín Paula
Published: April 2020

Environmental contextCopper (Cu) is a metal of ecotoxicological concern in contaminated coastal areas. Cu present as the free ion is considered the most bioavailable fraction of the metal, and there is a need for the correct measurement or estimation of free Cu-ion concentrations in seawater. I review studies that have combined a biological measure of Cu bioavailability with chemical speciation measurements, and critically assess the ability of current methods to predict Cu bioavailability in contaminated coastal ecosystems.
AbstractCopper (Cu) is an essential metal, but it is also toxic at concentrations reached in polluted coastal areas. In seawater, the speciation of this metal is largely controlled by the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM), which binds Cu ions decreasing the concentration of inorganic and free forms of the metal. This is important to aquatic life, given that the bioavailability of dissolved metals is generally expected to be determined by the free ion concentration according to bioavailability models such as the free ion activity model and biotic ligand model (FIAM/BLM). The analytical determination of free metal concentrations in seawater is a challenging task that is needed (in combination with toxicity tests or other means of testing bioavailability) in order to test the applicability of the FIAM/BLM in particular systems and also for its application in monitoring and risk assessment of metals. This review summarises the studies that combine a biological measure of Cu bioavailability with the use of a chemical speciation technique for the measurement of Cu speciation in seawater, and it presents a critical examination of the results of those studies in order to determine which techniques are more suitable for the prediction of Cu bioavailability in seawater and to highlight research needs in the field. The technique showing the highest level of agreement with bioavailability data is anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). Cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV), aluminium hydroxide coated exchange resin (ALSA), and diffusion gradients in thin films (DGT) are also promising in this regard, although DGT slightly overestimates bioavailable Cu. More research is needed comparing the performance of different chemical speciation techniques with Cu bioavailability in seawater, especially at environmentally relevant concentrations of Cu.
Mood alternations in the history of German
Authors: Abraham Werner
Published: April 2020

Non-veridicality is at the heart of more than just the verbal subjunctive. The main distinction we drew is the free application of the subjunctive and the non-veridical mood in dependent sentences. Greek and the Romance languages are among the representatives of this syntactic-semantic design of the subjunctive in syntactic dependency. While this was the case in past periods of German, the use of the subjunctive in dependent sentences and in free occurrence came to enact chains of indirect and reported speech. Colloquial modern German uses the subjunctive as an expression of non-veridicality no longer as an instantiation of mood, but of attitude, of illocutionary Force (in Rizzi’s CP-expansion). Two questions are addressed: (1) How are nonverbal categories related to mood; (2) What has triggered the diachronic loss of epistemic expression in colloquial German.
Use-conditional expressions and nonlocal interpretation
Authors: Basso Renato Miguel
Published: April 2020

We investigate a Brazilian Portuguese (BrP) structure composed of an expressive item (EI), such as [essa droga de DP]; schematically [DP EI of DP]. The EI ‘droga’ in ‘Eu arrumei essa droga de carro’ (“I fixed this damn car”) does not usually have ‘carro’ (“car”) as its argument, but the whole sentence and expresses an attitude of the speaker towards the content of the proposition – s/he is not happy with the fact that s/he had to fix the car or that it broke. We claim that the EI in this structure can have scope only over the constituent in which it appears or over a CP or DP which occurs above it, based on Gutzmann’s (2015, 2019) theoretical framework.
Brazilian double subjects and sentence structure
Authors: Quarezemin Sandra
Published: April 2020

This research investigates syntactic, semantic, and prosodic evidence of double subject sentences in Brazilian Portuguese. The paper verifies whether (i) such constructions can be analyzed as left dislocation; (ii) the pre-verbal subject behaves as a topic; (iii) the subject has the same behavior as the dislocated object with the resumption of the pronoun; (iv) the resumptive pronoun that resumes the pre-verbal subject is a clitic (a nucleus, weak pronoun) or a strong pronoun, filling the position of specifier. Cartography is the theoretical background (Rizzi 1997, 2001; Cardinaletti 1997, 2004; Rizzi & Shlonsky 2006, 2007). The paper concludes that there are two distinct sentence structures in BP: a left dislocated topic, and a simple double subject.
Wh-questions in Brazilian Portuguese and Quebec French
Authors: Kato Mary Aizawa
Published: April 2020

In this paper I propose (a) that Brazilian Portuguese and Quebec French underwent a very similar diachronic development of wh-questions; (b) that the great structural change in both languages was the loss of long wh-movement with the appearance of a short wh-movement to a position of Focus left-adjacent to vP. This change also affected cleft sentences, turning inverse clefts into canonic clefts. The other variants resulted from phonological reduction and do not constitute syntactic “doublets”, but stylistic ones.