bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Symposium 1: Perspectives on identity within networked learning
Authors: Davis Jane
Published: October 2024

Identity has long been referenced, within research into networked learning communities, as the image of the student, self-constructed and presented as product of ongoing participation in the learning community and engagement with its histories, behaviours and artefacts. Such research has often been reliant on the dialogic analysis of engagement within a formal bounded learning space. Papers presented in this symposium suggest that the closely bounded, two-dimensional nature of such portrayal requires further consideration. This symposium presents three different perspectives which range from an exploration of dimensions of identity and their impact on the networked learning experience, consideration of the nature of identity as networked learning communities extend beyond the formal learning place and embrace the potential opportunities of open online spaces, and an exploration of digital identity through social curation.Participants will be invited to consider the positions presented within the papers and will then be encouraged to participate in post-presentation discussion and a mapping activity that encourages reflexive consideration of issues of identity as they impact on their own learning and/or that of students with whom they engage within networked learning communities.
Symposium 1: Curate me! Exploring online identity through social curation in networked learning
Authors: Seitzinger Joyce
Published: October 2024

Networked learning theory and the related literature express the importance of access to resources or content, but there is no singular way of discussing these information management processes. On the web, the rise in information abundance has seen the terms curation, digital curation, content curation, and social curation gain in popularity to describe how individual users manage their information intake, processing and sharing. This paper attempts to distinguish between these overlapping terms and argues that the term social curation could describe the information management processes required of networked educators and learners. In addition it proposes a terminology for phases of the social curation process, which may aid networked learners and educators in the adoption and scaffolding of social curation processes for learning. This paper further explores the distinctive opportunities social curation offers for online identity expression and construction for circumventing known issues such as collapsed contexts and role conflict that occur in other social media sites.
Symposium 2: Blended Simulation Based Medical Education
Authors: Shahoumian Armineh , Parchoma Gale , Hanson Jacky
Published: October 2024

Simulation based medical education (SBME) is gradually becoming an inseparable part of medical and Professionals Allied to Medicine (PAM) education. The demand to use this training approach in healthcare is increasing every year to meet the Department of Health’s Standards for Better Health (NESC, 2008). As an alternative training approach SBME provides medical students and practitioners with near real-life opportunities to practice and improve clinical and non-clinical skills and improve health care services as a result. Although SBME is already a very popular training approach, Kneebone (2005) argues it is “often accepted uncritically, with undue emphasis being placed on technological sophistication at the expense of theory-based design” (p.549). SBME is “a complex service intervention” (McGaghie, 2009, p.50), which includes much more than a series of advanced technologies utilised for simulating an event. SBME is actualised by a network of closely knit human, non-human, and “conceptual and symbolic” (Bleakley, 2012, p.464) actors that work in an interrelated manner “as a basis to promoting learning and innovation” (Bleakley, p.464). It is not just the sophistication of the technology that supports learning but the dialogic relation of all the actors involved in creating the opportunities for learning. What is required to develop a ‘healthy’ and ‘growing’ network that promotes learning and innovation (Bleakley, 2012) or hinder effective learning hasn’t widely been investigated. Bleakley argues that actor network theory (ANT) “serves to repair the historical separation of theory and practice” (p. 465). To understand SBME as a complex process involving technology, people, objects, artefacts, actions, and places, ANT may introduce new insight, “an interruption or intervention, a way to sense and draw nearer” (Fenwick & Edwards 2010: ix) to the phenomenon of SBME. This paper expands the understanding of how actors interact with each other within a network and the practices that support/hinder blended learning in the Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust (LTHTR) Simulation Centre (SC). Outcomes provide insight into the design of a simulation session, describe the assemblage of a blended learning in SBME (B-SBME) actor network, and illustrate an example of the network effects of mediators’ and intermediaries’ capacities to form alliances between a B-SBME networked assemblage and broader Trust networks.
Symposium 2: Testing Tasting
Authors: Wright Steve
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the historical contingencies and networks of relations enacted in the Beer Judge Certification Program (BJCP) online exam, designed “to test a prospective judge’s knowledge of beer styles, beer characteristics and the brewing process”. Drawing on the work of John Law the exam is considered as a methods assemblage crafting presences, manifest absences and othered realities. Using accounts from auto-ethnographic recordings and ethnographic fieldwork together with documents, I trace associations from the exam questions and the way they use language to compare beer styles and descriptions. I consider the historical development of these methods of description through the work of Shapin (2012) who explores how these are connected to historic shifts in the way taste, and the tasting body, was understood in the late 18th to early 19th centuries and the orphaning of taste from scientific practice. I then examine how this shift opened changes from a sparse to ornate vocabulary to described the tasted object and the ways that this vocabulary has developed both in connection and in contrast the language of wine. I turn to consider efforts to create devices that standardise this vocabulary and their use for purposes of beer judging in the BJCP. I ask whether the ways that bodies, objects and devices are described and related can be considered to assemble a "community of amateurs" as suggested by Hennion (2004, 2007). I suggest that the reflexive accounts of the participant organisation in describing this as a "program" are more appropriate than the term community. I conclude by considering what contribution an engagement with the concept of a methods assemblage can make to the discussions around tasting and the BJCP, and the broader potentials for networked learning research.
Symposium 4: Spatial theory in networked learning
Authors: Edwards Richard
Published: October 2024

Over the years, there has been much discussion of the impact of the internet and new forms of data sourcing and communication for education and the ways in which networked learning breaks down the bounded the institution, classroom, and curriculum. While much attention has been given to the changing spaces of education introduced by new technologies, and the use of spatial metaphors in the framing of educational practices, the impact of spatial theory on the discussion of such education is less well developed. Space is left unexamined as simply a different context, container or backcloth for curriculum and pedagogy. This paper draws upon aspects of spatial theory to examine the ways in which the mobilities and openings made possible by the introduction of technologies also entail mooring and boundary marking in order to give the technologies specifically educational purposes. The paper outlines a number of spatial theories, in particular, the contemporary uptake of theories of (im)mobilities. Work on (im)mobilities has developed from the interplay of post-structuralist theory with complexity and actor-network theory. The paper explores its implications for researching networked learning and suggests that rather than consider education as focussed on practices of learning and teaching, we could more fruitfully consider it as spatial orderings or (im)mobile assemblings in the enactments of curriculum and pedagogy.
Symposium 4: Policy networks, database pedagogies, and the new spaces of algorithmic governance in education
Authors: Williamson Ben
Published: October 2024

Educational governance in the UK is increasingly being performed through cross-sectoral ‘policy networks’ and emerging forms of ‘network governance’ that signify a shift in political practices from centralized state government to a wider system of public, private and third sector interdependencies. This involves two shifts in the ‘governable spaces’ of educational policy: 1) a shift in the space of governance from central government to decentralized delivery based on a model or a ‘diagram’ of governance through networking and database architectures; and 2) a related shift in the space of educational governing practices from a focus on the national space of the education system to the mind and body of the individual as a ‘lifelong learner’ and a potential future person-in-the-making. This respatialization of educational governance entails moving from a focus on the ‘governable space’ of the education system, part of the public sector, to ‘governing through pedagogy’ in order to sculpt and mould the individual learner. The paper examines the participation of a particular policy network of third sector organizations in educational governance. Its approach to both educational governance and governing through pedagogy has as its objective the formation of ‘lifelong learners’ for a ‘pedagogized future’ which is to be interwoven with the algorithmic forms of the network and the database. In outline, the paper examines how third sector organizations aim to make education thinkable and intelligible through discourses and images that are based on the algorithmic forms of the network and database architectures. This is continuous with what has been termed in political science as ‘digital governance’ or ‘algorithmic governance.’ Digital governance operates through an ‘intelligent centre/decentralized delivery’ model which depends on the mobilization of a combination of networked communication technologies and database-driven information processing technologies. Then the paper examines how related new governing practices have been mobilized which seek to act directly through network and database technologies upon the thoughts, feelings, conduct and action of individuals. In particular these include social networking sites and other social media applications, and database-led ‘learning analytics’ and ‘adaptive software,’ which depend on complex algorithmic data analysis processes, as new forms of governing through pedagogy. Through these tactics, third sector organizations are seeking to reconfigure educational governance through decentralized networks and database architectures, and to reactivate individuals as ‘lifelong learners’, ‘mobile bodies’ and potential future persons-in-the-making through network-based and database-driven pedagogies.
Exploring the dynamics of market liquidity
Authors:   , Buis Boyd
Published: October 2024

The dissertation explores the dynamics of market liquidity, acknowledging its importance in modern finance. Market liquidity operates across various scales, with its significance spanning from the micro to the macro level. At the micro level, market liquidity embodies the (measurable) price of immediacy, influencing the ease with which assets can be converted into cash and vice versa. Conversely, on a macro scale, it presents itself as an abstract impediment, hindering the attainment of efficient market equilibria. Positioned between these two extremes lies the domain of asset pricing, where market liquidity manifests itself as a liquidity premium— a distinct asset specific property.
Recognizing the facilitating role of market liquidity in enhancing economic prosperity and welfare, the dissertation undertakes an investigation into its underlying mechanisms. While dealer inventory constraints and the presence of (asymmetric) information are believed to be the primary structural drivers of market liquidity, this research explores three of ancillary mechanisms that play a role in the formation of market liquidity: market making incentives, the presence of dynamic hedgers, and order monitoring costs
The core of this dissertation comprises three principal chapters. Firstly, it examines the interaction between primary and secondary markets for Euro area government bonds, demonstrating a significant relationship between expected primary issuance fees and market liquidity. The formation of market liquidity is shown to be affected by the institutional setting. Secondly, this thesis explores the impact of the gamma positioning of dynamic hedgers on market quality, revealing the effects of gamma positioning on liquidity, price discovery, volatility and stability. In the final principal chapter, the effect of order monitoring costs as a fundamental driver of liquidity is investigated, highlighting the asymmetric effects of order monitoring costs and its implications on overall market quality.
In conclusion, through empirical investigations and agent-based modelling, a new set of drivers that shape market liquidity is scrutinized, offering new perspectives on the dynamics of market liquidity. These insights provide a basis for further research and yield potential policy instruments that could be harnessed to enhance market liquidity.
УМОВИ РОЗВИТКУ ЗДОРОВ’ЯЗБЕРЕЖУВАЛЬНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ ВЧИТЕЛІВ У ЗАКЛАДАХ ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Литвиненко Ольга
Published: October 2024

У науково-методичній статті обґрунтовано актуальність проблеми та зроблено огляд наукової та психолого-педагогічної літератури щодо розвитку здоров’язбережувальної компетентності сучасного освітянина. Акцентовано на впливові російської агресії на стан здоров’я учасників освітнього процесу. Проаналізовано визначення поняття «здоров’язбережувальна компетентність учителя» в наукових джерелах та потрактовано власне розуміння цього терміна. Розкрито внутрішні та зовнішні умови розвитку особистісної та професійної здоров’язбережувальної компетентності педагога в системі освіти дорослих. Уперше запропоновано науково-методичний супровід професійного розвитку вчителів у системі післядипломної педагогічної освіти.
Efficacy of large language models and their potential in Obstetrics and Gynecology education
Authors: Eoh Kyung Jin , Kwon Gu Yeun , Lee Eun Jin , Lee JoonHo , Lee Inha , Kim Young Tae , Nam Eun Ji
Published: October 2024

Objective The performance of large language models (LLMs) and their potential utility in obstetric and gynecological education are topics of ongoing debate. This study aimed to contribute to this discussion by examining the recent advancements in LLM technology and their transformative potential in artificial intelligence.Methods This study assessed the performance of generative pre-trained transformer (GPT)-3.5 and -4 in understanding clinical information, as well as its potential implications for obstetric and gynecological education. Obstetrics and gynecology residents at three hospitals underwent an annual promotional examination, from which 116 of the 170 questions over 4 years (2020-2023) were analyzed, excluding 54 questions with images. The scores achieved by GPT-3.5, -4, and the 100 residents were compared.Results The average scores across all 4 years for GPT-3.5 and -4 were 38.79 (standard deviation [SD], 5.65) and 79.31 (SD, 3.67), respectively. For groups first-year resident, second-year resident, and third-year resident, the cumulative annual average scores were 79.12 (SD, 9.00), 80.95 (SD, 5.86), and 83.60 (SD, 6.82), respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed between the scores of GPT-4.0 and those of the residents. When analyzing questions specific to obstetrics, the average scores for GPT-3.5 and -4.0 were 33.44 (SD, 10.18) and 90.22 (SD, 7.68), respectively.Conclusion GPT-4 demonstrated exceptional performance in obstetrics, different types of data interpretation, and problem solving, showcasing the potential utility of LLMs in these areas. However, acknowledging the constraints of LLMs is crucial and their utilization should augment human expertise and discernment.
Comparison of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains with H37Rv Using Whole Genome Sequence Analysis to Identify Virulence Factors and Phylogenetic Relationships
Authors: Saba Kabir  , Muhammad Asif Rasheed  , Abdul Rehman
Published: October 2024

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) poses a significant disease burden in developing countries, largely due to the rising issue of drug resistance. In Pakistan, the genetic and molecular characteristics of resistant strains have not been thoroughly analyzed or compared with the reference Mtb strain, H37Rv, to understand the molecular and genetic epidemiology. Mtb employs various strategies to resist anti-tuberculosis drugs, and antimicrobial resistance, including single and multidrug resistance, has increased extensively in developing nations like Pakistan. In this study, the whole genomes of three Mtb strains (335, 335-2, and 311) were uploaded to the Rapid Annotation Subsystems Technology (RAST) server to retrieve coding DNA sequences (CDS). The RAST server identified 4,454, 4,445, and 4,396 CDS for Mtb strains 335, 335-2, and 311, respectively. Mutation analysis was performed using NCBI nucleotide BLAST and CLUSTAL Omega, comparing the sequences with the H37Rv reference strain. The analysis revealed 909, 832, and 1,135 mutations in the 335, 335-2, and 311 strains, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the most virulent protein (EccC3) indicated a close resemblance between all three strains and the H37Rv strain. Furthermore, Mycobacteriumcanettii (accession number WP_203037448.1) was identified as the closest related bacterium to the studied strains and H37Rv.
SAFE: GEORREFERENCIAMENTO DE ASSALTOS EM ÔNIBUS NO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Ojeda Andherson Peter Weiss , Santos Camila Gonçalves dos , Garcia Junior Cesar Paulo Guedes , Conceição Guilherme Wilson da , Carvalho Lucas Pires Chagas Ferreira de
Published: October 2024

O sistema de transporte público das grandes cidades brasileiras é afetado por altos índices de violência e insegurança pública. Os assaltos estão entre os principais delitos que afetam os agentes de transporte, em especial o rodoviário. Nesse contexto, a Semove desenvolveu, em parceria com as forças de segurança do estado do Rio de Janeiro, uma ferramenta de suporte à inteligência policial, denominada Sistema de Acompanhamento de Frota em Emergência (SAFE). A plataforma objetiva traçar perfis das ações delituosas com informações como local e horário, possibilitando a análise geoespacial e estatística das ocorrências no Transporte Público por Ônibus. Pretende-se contribuir com a redução dos índices de criminalidade através da melhoria da qualidade na comunicação e fornecimento dos dados do transporte público aos órgãos de segurança (Polícias Militar, Civil e Rodoviária, ISP e Disque-Denúncia).
USO DO EXTRATO DE ALGAS COMO POTENCIALIZADOR DA EFICIÊNCIA DO CULTIVO DE GRÃOS
Authors: Moreira Marcela , Sillmann Thais Akemi , Silva Aparecida Leonir da
Published: October 2024

A necessidade de aplicar novas tecnologias sustentáveis em campo já é uma realidade para o agronegócio brasileiro, o que levou a uma redução gradual do uso de produtos químicos, que trazem danos irreparáveis ao meio ambiente podendo até mesmo ser transferido entre os níveis tróficos da cadeia alimentar, como uma estratégia viável. O estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográficas mostrando a eficiência do uso do extrato de algas a base de Ascophyllum nodosum, na produção de grãos. Foram abordadas novas técnicas de experimentação como o uso de análise de imagem, in vitro, rizotrons, e consorcio entre outros extratos e fertilizantes em culturas anuais como a soja, milho e trigo, que são consideradas as principais commodities do mercado brasileiro. Foi possível constatar o aumento da massa seca, sistema radicular, melhoria na fotossintese e tolerância no estresse induzido por temperatura em soja. Eficiência na absorção de fósforo, aumento da produtividade durante a colheita, sistema radicular na cultura do milho. Aumento do sistema radicular, pigmentos fotossintetizantes e acessórios, eficiência absorção de nitrogênio do solo, e indução a resistência sobre a doença denominada de ferrugem da cabeça do Fusarium e redução da produção de micotoxinas pelo fungo em trigo. Conclui-se que o uso de bioestimulantes a base de extrato de algas serve como base para o estímulo no desenvolvimento de novos estudos visando compreender o seu modo de ação no mecanismo vegetal e possivelmente contribuindo para o uso deste em larga escala em culturas comerciais e reduzir a utilização de produtos químicos.
Загальна концепція політичного маркетингу та використання політичних PR-технологій у формуванні медіареальності в добу діджіталізації
Authors: Писаренко Н. В. , Шолудченко С. В.
Published: October 2024

Modern life is characterized by the interpenetration of social spheres, one example of which is political marketing. At the same time, the core of political reality is the political market, whose players compete for public support and trust, using the technologies of propaganda, populism and manipulation. The use of the latter in the digital age is directly related to marketing and consumerism. Therefore, it is relevant to study the specifics of the application and impact of these technologies in a marketing way. The purpose of this study is to define and justify the general concept of political marketing and the use of political PR technologies in the formation of media reality in the era of digitalization. The institutional nature of modern political marketing is due to the "consumer" nature of the political market and its origin from classical economic marketing, and therefore it can be described using general marketing strategies; a characteristic feature of the subject field of political marketing in the era of digitalization is the presence of a powerful media space, which "binds" communication channels between consumers (customers) and producers (executors) of a political product and actively uses hybrid tools to influence mass consciousness (primarily, propaganda , populism and manipulation). The raised problem was investigated theoretically using general scientific (analysis and synthesis, comparison and systematization) and special scientific (profile economic and political approaches) methodology; the central method is the analysis of the existing source and scientific-theoretical base. The tendency of political marketing to borrow economic marketing concepts for their productive and effective transformation into the political field has been clarified; it has been investigated that the trust of the broad masses of the population as the basic and most valuable resource of modern political marketing and as an immanent feature of society and public opinion is the object of the main competition of political players and influencers, which is targeted by the influence of propaganda, populism and manipulation technologies; it has been proven that digital technologies and media tools have changed the above-mentioned means of influencing the consciousness of the masses in the direction of increasing their communication component, which indicates that with the development of the digital age, the indicated technologies of political marketing have acquired the features of full-fledged PR classical marketing and increasingly influence the mass consciousness . The revealed problem creates a foundation for the further development of research on political marketing, the study of which in domestic science was started only recently and so far lags behind world scientific trends.
Enfermedad de Kawasaki
Authors: Durán Monge María del Pilar
Published: October 2024

Resumen La enfermedad de Kawasaki consiste en una arteritis de vasos de mediano calibre; es un proceso inflamatorio y autolimitado. La mayoría de los casos ocurre en pacientes menores de 5 años. De acuerdo con la presentación de los síntomas, puede ser completo o incompleto. Dentro de los síntomas se encuentran fiebre, adenopatías, cambios en extremidades como edema de pies y manos y eritema palmar, alteraciones en cavidad oral como eritema y lengua aframbuesada, además de exantema e inyección conjuntival. Se puede presentar hipoalbumnemia, leucocitosis, trombocitosis y aumento en la velocidad de eritrosedimentación. La instauración rápida del tratamiento es necesaria en los primeros 10 días después del inicio de la fiebre, esto para evitar complicaciones como aneurismas coronarios. Se debe realizar ecocardiografía a los pacientes con Kawasaki para descartar la presencia de alteraciones en las arterias coronarias. El tratamiento consiste principalmente en la administración de inmunoglobulina intravenosa y aspirina.
Trombosis de vena mesentérica superior asociada al uso de anticonceptivos orales
Authors: Salazar Mora Ronald , Ramírez Montero Catalina , Jiménez Alpízar Allan
Published: October 2024

Resumen El dolor abdominal agudo representa el 5-10% de las consultas en el servicio de emergencias, y puede ser causado por una variedad de enfermedades que van de leves a graves. En este artículo, reportamos el caso de un dolor abdominal inusual debido a una trombosis de vena mesentérica superior, en una mujer sana, en edad fértil, que ha utilizado anticonceptivos orales combinados durante aproximadamente 10 años. La paciente consultó por presentar dolor abdominal moderado de 5 días de evolución, por lo que se le realizó una tomografía computarizada con el fin de descartar causas quirúrgicas, reportando trombosis en la vena mesentérica superior. Recibió tratamiento médico basado en reanimación con soluciones cristaloides isotónicas. Se le realizó monitoreo seriado de electrolitos y estado hemodinámico. Se mantuvo nada vía oral, y se procedió de manera oportuna con el inicio de tratamiento de anticoagulación con heparina no fraccionada, presentando excelente evolución. Se realiza esta revisión de caso con el objetivo de hacer conciencia sobre la posibilidad de tener causas inusuales de dolor abdominal y principalmente para demostrar sitios poco comunes de trombosis asociada a anticonceptivos orales combinados.
Pielonefritis enfisematosa: patogénesis, diagnóstico y manejo
Authors: Caro Pizarro Valeria , Zumbado Vásquez Rebeca , Hines Chaves Kevin
Published: October 2024

Resumen La pielonefritis enfisematosa es una infección necrotizante del sistema urinario, producida por bacterias formadoras de gas. Su mayor incidencia se identifica en los pacientes diabéticos o inmunocomprometidos. Su diagnóstico es radiológico al confirmar la presencia de gas en el parénquima renal o tejido perirrenal, debido a que la clínica solo orientará al proceso infeccioso de origen renal. Aún se debate su debido tratamiento, sin embargo, los autores que estudian el tema concuerdan en el cambio del manejo para preservar el parénquima renal en contraste con el manejo anterior, el cual correspondía a la nefrectomía. En esta revisión bibliográfica, se proveerá información acerca de la patogénesis, el diagnóstico, los factores pronósticos y las diferentes opciones que se han estudiado para su adecuado manejo.
Enfermedad de Hirschsprung: una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Caro Pizarro Valeria , Rockbrand Campos Leyla
Published: October 2024

Resumen La enfermedad de Hirschsprung es una patología congénita caracterizada por la disfunción del intestino y que se debe a la falla de migración de células embrionarias de la cresta neural o de la falla de la diferenciación de dichas células. Se clasifica en segmento corto, largo, ultracorto, colónica o intestinal, de acuerdo con la localización de la zona de transición entre el segmento aglangionico distal y el gangliónico proximal. Es la obstrucción intestinal más prevalente en pediatría, se presenta en 1:5000-7200 nacidos vivos, y predomina el sexo masculino. La mayoría de los casos ocurren de forma aislada y en minoría, aproximadamente 30 % se relacionan con malformaciones cromosómicas o alteraciones genéticas. Se manifiesta de forma característica por el estreñimiento inicial; otros síntomas son vómito, distensión abdominal, dolor a la palpación abdominal; la clínica puede variar de acuerdo con la edad de presentación. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante una biopsia rectal. El manejo terapéutico consiste en un abordaje médico previo a la realización de cirugía. Existen tres técnicas quirúrgicas principales, pero se adecuan de acuerdo con la extensión de la enfermedad o de las necesidades del paciente con el ideal de proporcionar mejor calidad de vida. Las complicaciones son variables, pero la enterocolitis es la más importante, pues implica la mayor mortalidad en dicha patología.
Terapia genética en la enfermedad de células falciformes
Authors: Mackenzie Visbal Fidel , Vílchez León Mariana
Published: October 2024

Resumen La enfermedad de células falciformes (ECF) es la patología hematológica hereditaria más prevalente a nivel mundial, que afecta a alrededor de 330 000 nacimientos por año. Esta patología presenta complicaciones agudas, siendo las principales: crisis de dolor, anemia, priapismo, infecciones, síndrome torácico agudo, eventos cerebrovasculares y secuestro esplénico. De forma crónica se presentan complicaciones en órganos como cerebro, ojos, corazón, riñones, pulmones e hígado. Con el advenimiento de las nuevas tecnologías, se han podido crear vectores lentivirales para la transducción de material genético en células CD34+, a través de los cuales se pueden realizar modificaciones genéticas, tales como la adición de genes de β y γ-globina y procesos de edición del genoma que permiten la corrección del defecto genético o la inducción de la expresión de hemoglobina fetal (HbF). Gracias a este desarrollo tecnológico, la terapia génica se perfila como el tratamiento curativo de la ECF por excelencia en los próximos años, por todas sus ventajas en comparación con el único tratamiento definitivo disponible, el trasplante de células hematopoyéticas.
CLINICAL EFFICACY OF INFRA POPLITEAL ANGIOPLASTY FOR BELOW THE KNEE PERIPHERAL VASCULAR OCCLUSIVE DISEASE
Authors: Usman Rashid , Mazhar Minahil , Fatima Rabail , Jamil Muhammad , Majeed Shahid
Published: October 2024

Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) affects a substantial proportion of the global population, particularly older individuals, affecting around 200 million people worldwide highlighting its significant impact on human health. Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the most severe clinical presentation of PAD characterized by ischemic rest pain tissue ulceration or gangrene. The objective of the study is to assess the efficacy of infra popliteal angioplasty (in terms of wound healing and limb salvage) in patients with below-the-knee total chronic occlusion (TCO). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all consecutive patients in one year with TCO and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included. Results: A total of 64 limbs underwent angioplasty. The mean age was 55.38 ± 13.12 (Range 22-88) years and there were 73% (n=47) males. Diabetes mellitus was the most prevalent risk factor in 59.4% (n=38) of patients. 48.4 % (n=31) of patients had below-knee TCO in all three arteries. Technical Success was achieved in 95.3% (n=61/64). All 3 patients who had technical failure ended up with below-the-knee amputation. Furthermore, 2 more patients who had technical success also ended up with below-the-knee amputation. The difference between these two rates was significant (100% vs 3.3%; p-value =0.004). In terms of wound healing, statistically significant improvement was noted within the first 6 months (p-value = 0.05). The limb salvage rate was 90.6% (n=59/64). The primary patency rate was 81.3% (n=52) and 76.6% (n=49) at 6 and 12 months respectively. Conclusion: Angioplasty results in statistically significant wound healing leading to a higher limb salvage rate, in patients with TCO of infrapopliteal arteries.
ASSESSING IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY AND PREDICTORS IN PATIENTS WITH CONTRAST-INDUCED NEPHROPATHY FOLLOWING PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Mal Kheraj , Urooj Abiha , Lohana Barkha , Rasool Mohammad , Daud Muhammad Yousuf , Rahooja Kubbra , Samad Maryam , Safdar Uroosa , Naseer Ali Bin , Chachar Kalsoom , Ishaq Muhammad , Rehman Zahid Ur , Karim Musa
Published: October 2024

Background: The contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a common complication of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) it has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of mortality.  The study reported the in-hospital mortality among patients who developed CIN after primary PCI. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of consecutive who developed CIN after primary PCI at a tertiary care cardiac hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. The CIN was defined as either a relative increase of 25% or an absolute increase of 0.5 mg/dL in post-procedure serum creatinine within 72 hours. The in-hospital mortality status was recorded and clinical and demographic predictors of in-hospital mortality were identified with the help of binary logistic regression analysis. Results:  In the study sample of 402 patients, 74.1% (298) were male and the mean age of the study sample was 59.4±11.5 years. The in-hospital mortality rate was 9.7% (39). On multivariable analysis, an increased risk of mortality was found to be independently associated with inferior wall myocardial infarction (IWMI) with right ventricular (RV) infarction, intra-procedure arrhythmias, and pump failure with an adjusted odds ratio of 3.63 [95% CI: 1.31-10.08; p=0.013], 5.53 [95% CI: 1.39-22.06; p=0.015], and 8.94 [95% CI: 3.99-20.02; p<0.001], respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, there is a high rate of mortality for patients who develop CIN after primary PCI, and the risk of mortality is further aggravated by the presence of IWMI with RV infarction, intra-procedure arrhythmias, and pump failure.
USE OF RITLECITINIB FOR THE TREATMENT OF ALOPECIA AREATA
Authors: Zahoor Fatima , Tahir Muhammad Waleed
Published: October 2024

Dear Editor,
Alopecia areata, an autoimmune condition, causes either patchy or complete hair loss from the body1 and occurs because the immune system attacks the hair follicles. It could present in severe forms as either alopecia totalis which is complete hair loss from the scalp or alopecia universalis which is hair loss from the whole body. Alopecia areata affects about 160 million people worldwide as reported by the National Alopecia Areata Foundation. Alopecia areata significantly affects the quality of life of the patients suffering from it as it is reported that the patients with alopecia areata were likely to have 30–38% increased chances of depression.2
A large number of research projects are underway to discover an effective treatment for this disease. In June 2023, the FDA approved Ritlecitinib (LITFULO) for the treatment of alopecia areata. Previously Baricitinib was discovered in June 2022 as a drug for alopecia areata but it was not safe to use in adolescents under 18. The benefit of Ritlecitinib over Baricitinib is that it can be used in young patients of 12 years of age and older. It is a significant discovery as many children suffer from this condition and are not willing to undergo invasive treatment options like intralesional steroids, platelet-rich plasma, and hair transplants. 
Ritlecitinib is a JAK3 and TEC inhibitor that acts by blocking the cytokines and T cells that are involved in causing the alopecia areata.3 This is supported by the randomised, double-blind ALLEGRO Phase 2b/3 trial in which patients who were treated with Ritlecitinib in a dose of 50 mg, once daily, for 24 weeks had 80% or more hair coverage of the scalp after six months of treatment compared to the placebo group.4 
The most common side effects reported by Ritlecitinib are headache, upper respiratory tract infection, gastrointestinal upset, acne, folliculitis, dizziness, an increase in creatinine phosphokinase, and a decrease in red blood cell count.5
Ritlecitinib is a potential drug for the treatment of alopecia areata for those who are candidates for systemic therapy and has a lower side effect profile as it only blocks JAK3 as compared to other therapies which block JAK1/JAK2/all-JAK. Ritlecitinib would not only ease the treatment strategy for patients but will also help to reduce the chances of the side effects related to the invasive therapy like infection, bleeding, and scarring.
EVALUATION OF SODIUM CITRATE ANTICOAGULANT FOR THE RESOLUTION OF EDTA-DEPENDENT PSEUDO THROMBOCYTOPENIA
Authors: Sharif Fatima , Junaid Ayesha , Ashraf Khadija , Ijaz Maira , Saeed Maria , Farhat Tuba , Rehman Noor , Ur Rehman Mujeeb
Published: October 2024

Background: EDTA-dependent pseudo thrombocytopenia (EDTA-PTCP) refers to a falsely low platelet count occurring in the presence of ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulant during blood sample collection, which results in the formation of platelet clumps in vitro. This phenomenon has significant clinical implications, including unnecessary administration of platelets. Our study aims to evaluate the efficacy of sodium citrate anticoagulant for the resolution of EDTA-PTCP. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the haematology laboratory of Shifa International Hospital (SIH), Pakistan. Patients with pseudo thrombocytopenia (i.e. platelet count less than 150,000/ul with platelet clumps seen on peripheral smear) were included in this study if they had blood samples drawn in both EDTA and sodium citrate tubes less than 48 hours apart. Data was analyzed using IBM® SPSS Software Version 22. Results: A total of 151 study participants were included in this study. The mean age was 48.95±20.69 years and the majority were female (52.3%). Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that there was a statistically significant difference in platelet count measured in both tubes (Z = -3.223, p=0.001). Overall, blood samples processed in sodium citrate tubes showed lower platelet count than EDTA samples. Sodium citrate anticoagulant was able to correct EDTA-PTCP in 47 (31.1%) of the cases. Conclusion: Sodium citrate anticoagulant was only able to resolve one-third of our EDTA-PTCP cases. Our findings do not support the use of sodium citrate as a suitable alternative for correction of EDTA-PTCP.
ated.
CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES OF AERODIGESTIVE FOREIGN BODIES IN CHILDREN
Authors: Habib Murad , Arif Khurrum , Chaudhary Muhammad Amjad
Published: October 2024

Background: Aerodigestive foreign bodies are common in children of pre-school-going age. It is one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the paediatric population and a global health burden. Methods: We present here data of 108 patients who presented to Children hospital’s Emergency with a suspicion of foreign body ingestion/aspiration over 2 years from July 1st 2021 to 30th June 2023. Their descriptive analysis including, socio-demographics, type of foreign body, age of presentation, and mode of presentation were calculated and correlation was done using the Pearson Chi square test. Results: We observed different types & characteristics of foreign bodies, patients were predominantly male with 62.26%. The mean age of presentation was 40.97 months. The majority of patients were of pre-school age, younger than 4 years (44.44%) followed by the infant population (19.44%) p=0.002. Foreign bodies were mainly located in the upper oesophagus for ingested FBs (60.8%). Most of the population presented within the first 5 hours (52.88%) followed by the first 12 hours (11.11%). Coin ingestion was by far the most common (54%) followed by button battery (19%) and the whistle was the most common aspirated object (33%).  Conclusion: All patients with a suspicion of foreign body ingestion/inhalation should be evaluated. Early recognition and treatment are imperative because the complications are serious and can be life-threatening and once confirmed should undergo endoscopic removal.
Differences in clinicoepidemiologic characteristics of chemical submission according to type of crime
Authors: Supervía August , Castán María , Fonseca Francina , Palomino Alma , García-Quintana Jordi , de la Torre Rafael
Published: October 2024

OS. Identificar las posibles diferencias entre las sustancias utilizadas según el objetivo de la sumisión química (SQ) –agresión sexual, robo o sin evidencia de delito–. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Estudio observacional prospectivo de los casos con sospecha de sumisión química atendidos entre los años 2017 y 2023. A todos los pacientes se les recogió una muestra de orina para la posterior determinación de sustancias tóxicas por cromatografía líquida combinada con espectrometría de masas. RESULTADOS. Se registraron 87 pacientes con sospecha de SQ. En el 52,9% de los casos no se observó delito, un 19,5% fueron casos de agresión sexual y un 27,6% de robo. Entre las víctimas con sospecha de agresión sexual existía un predominio de mujeres, mientras que en los casos de robo predominaban los varones (p < 0,001). Se detectaron dos o más sustancias tóxicas en el 53% de los casos de agresión sexual, y ninguna o una en el 75% de los casos de robo, y en el 87% de los casos sin evidencia de delito (p = 0,006). El tipo de sustancia más frecuentemente detectada fue el etanol, seguido del tetrahidrocannabinol. En los casos de agresiones sexuales hubo menos casos de SQ probable y más de vulnerabilidad (29,4% y 47% vs 54,1% y 29,2% en el grupo de robo y 6,52% y 2,2% en el grupo de no delito; p < 0,001 en ambas comparaciones). CONCLUSIONES. En la mayoría de los casos de sospecha de SQ no fue posible demostrar la posible comisión de un delito. Las víctimas de agresiones sexuales son predominantemente mujeres. La sustancia detectada más prevalente fue el etanol. La prevalencia de sumisión química probable fue más elevada en el grupo de robo.
Principles of teacher professional development and digital lexicographical skills for designing in-service training modules
Authors: Buitrago Hilda
Published: October 2024

English as a foreign language teachers often use free access online bilingual dictionaries (FAOBD) to plan their lessons but rarely utilize these dictionaries as didactic resources. This paper outlines the design process, and theoretical foundations involved in designing an in-service teacher module, a byproduct of a multiple case study research, aimed at equipping tertiary EFL educators with the necessary conceptual and procedural knowledge to use these digital lexicographical tools. Data collected from a questionnaire, a semi-structured interview, and an online course evaluation form, applied to a sample of four teachers from a Colombian university, revealed scant teacher training and institutional support, limited motivation to use FAOBDs among teachers and students, and a high incidence of look-up errors. These results underscored the need for the training module. Addressing users’ perspectives, teacher training needs, and leadership support is fundamental to optimizing FAOBD use through enhanced lexicographical skills development.
Editor’s note
Authors: Fontich Vicens Xavier
Published: October 2024

We present a new issue of BJTLLL, with three articles based on doctoral studies, an interview and a review. The first contribution is by Óscar Gómez-Delgado, a study entitled "The notion of English as an international language in a selection of teacher training programmes in Colombia". Next, Sofia Di Sarno-García presents the study “Expectations and level of satisfaction of language learners in a telecollaboration project”. The third article, written by Hilda Buitrago-García, is entitled “Principles of teacher professional development and digital lexicographic skills for the design of continuing education modules”. In the interview (“The word to collectively build peace”), Natalia Quiceno Rodríguez talks with the professor at the Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal and the University of Lisbon Ana L. Costa. Finally, Marcos Antonio Troncoso Díaz presents a review of the collective volume “Advances in the study of scientific and academic language”, coordinated by Ventura Salazar García and María Aurora García Ruiz.
La interacción de la fuerza del lazo y el estatus en las redes de apoyo para el acceso al empleo
Authors: González-Heras Alejandro , Verd Joan Miquel , Rodríguez-Soler Joan
Published: October 2024

La literatura ha destacado la importancia que tiene en el mercado laboral español el apoyo de las redes sociales para el acceso de las personas jóvenes al empleo. Sin embargo, no se ha estudiado la efectividad de este apoyo considerando a la vez las dimensiones de la fuerza del lazo y las diferencias de estatus. El artículo se centra en la articulación de estas dos dimensiones, desarrollando una propuesta metodológica basada en la operacionalización de la interacción entre fuerza del lazo y jerarquía de la relación. Para ello, se utilizan datos sobre la movilización de contactos sociales a lo largo de la trayectoria laboral, con los cuales se realizan varias series de regresiones logísticas multinivel, tomando el tipo de contrato como variable dependiente, en el marco de trayectorias laborales juveniles inestables. Los resultados muestran que tanto el uso de lazos débiles como de contactos con mayor estatus que la persona joven son útiles para evitar la situación laboral más precaria en las trayectorias analizadas (el empleo informal). También se muestra que al considerar los lazos fuertes y débiles en interacción con la jerarquía de la relación resulta posible jerarquizar los tipos de lazos que llevan a evitar las situaciones laborales más precarias.
Redes sociales en Iberoamérica: la promoción de colaboraciones y nuevos estudios
Authors: Ortiz Ruiz Francisca , De Miguel-Luken Verónica
Published: October 2024

Este monográfico surge a partir de la realización de dos eventos de especial interés para la comunidad iberoamericana de análisis de redes. En primer lugar, el “Panel REDES: impulsando la colaboración y nuevos estudios en la comunidad”, encuentro que fue durante la semana del 4 al 8 de septiembre del 2023, fechas en que se realizó la 7ª Conferencia Europea sobre Redes Sociales (European Conference on Social Networks, EUSN 2023). En segundo lugar, entre los días 29 de junio y 2 de julio del año 2022, en Murcia, España, tuvieron lugar distintas sesiones del grupo de trabajo “GT 36 Redes Sociales” en el marco del XIV Congreso Español de Sociología. Ambos espacios buscaron la promoción de investigaciones usando redes sociales desde la comunidad iberoamericana. Así, este documento pretende dar contexto a estos eventos, además de explicitar el trabajo y las personas que estuvieron detrás de estos. Este texto se divide en una introducción contextual, la descripción de los eventos, la identificación de las ponencias presentadas, y la presentación de cada uno de los artículos del monográfico, para terminar con una breve reflexión.