bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining Individualism, Collectivism, and Self-Differentiation in African American College Women
Authors: Gushue George V. , Constantine Madonna G.
Published: May 2015

This study examined aspects of individualism, collectivism, and self-differentiation in 123 African American women attending a predominantly White university. Specifically, the study explored the relationship between Triandis's (1995) model of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism, and four self-differentiation constructs (i.e., emotional reactivity, I-position, emotional cutoff, and fusion with others) proposed by Skowron and Friedlander (1998). Results revealed that aspects of individualism and collectivism were differentially related to self-differentiation in African American college women. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Exercise as a Counseling Intervention
Authors: Okonski Verna O.
Published: May 2015

The focus of wellness counseling is to guide individuals to live a healthy life in which body, mind, and spirit are integrated in order to experience fulfillment and happiness. Exercise undoubtedly has physical and psychological benefits in the human body and spirit. However, adherence to exercise has proven to be the greatest obstacle in getting individuals to experience the benefits of exercise. In addition, there is little research that gives counselors guidelines on how to use exercise as a therapeutic tool. The purpose of this article is to provide counselors steps to follow when using exercise as a counseling intervention and to provide techniques that will encourage exercise adherence.
Interpersonal Manifestations of Lifestyle: Individual Psychology Integrated with Interpersonal Theory
Authors: Schwartz Jonathan P. , Waldo Michael
Published: May 2015

This article integrates the counseling theories of Individual Psychology and Interpersonal Theory. This integration provides a social/interpersonal approach to conceptualize clients' problems and address them in counseling. The integrated approach to counseling presents a structure for assessment of clients' developmental experiences as well as a counseling approach that allows the counselor to address these issues in the counseling relationship. Finally, a clinical example is provided to demonstrate the integration of theories.
The Treatment of Eating Disorder Clients in a Community-Based Partial Hospitalization Program
Authors: Levitt John L. , Sansone Randy A.
Published: May 2015

The provision of psychological treatment within the community is becoming increasingly important as time and resources become more scarce. Nowhere is this challenge greater than when undertaking the treatment of eating disorder clients in a community mental health setting. In this paper, we outline a multi-faceted treatment approach to eating disorders within a partial hospital program that is affiliated with a community mental health hospital. Although empirical confirmation is not currently available, initial clinical impressions indicate that the program is facilitating the recovery of these difficult-to-treat individuals.
Therapeutic Group Mentoring with African American Male Adolescents
Authors: Utsey Shawn O. , Howard Alexis , Williams Otis
Published: May 2015

This article presents a culturally congruent approach to working with African American male adolescents in foster care. The therapeutic mentoring group was developed based on principles derived from a West African social and cultural worldview. We use a case study approach to describe the model's implementation and demonstrate its clinical utility with an urban population of African American male adolescents.The therapeutic mentoring group effectively reduced the episodes of maladaptive behaviors displayed by the participants.
Using Music Therapy Techniques to Treat Teacher Burnout
Authors: Cheek James R. , Bradley Loretta J. , Parr Gerald , Lan William
Published: May 2015

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of music therapy techniques as an intervention for teacher burnout. Of the 51 elementary school teachers who participated in the study, 25 were from a school undergoing comprehensive reform, and 26 were from a school employing traditional grade-level classrooms and teaching strategies. Each participant completed pretest and posttest instruments. In addition, there were two treatment groups, either cognitive behavioral/music therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy. Results of the study indicated that teachers who participated in school-based counseling groups, using music therapy techniques in conjunction with cognitive behavioral interventions, reported lower levels of burnout symptoms than teachers in school-based counseling groups using cognitive behavioral interventions only. Implications for mental health counseling are discussed.
Counseling Older Adults with HIV/AIDS: A Strength-Based Model of Treatment
Authors: Orsulic-Jeras Silvia , Shepherd J. Brad , Britton Paula J.
Published: May 2015

This article outlines a strength-based assessment and treatment model applicable for the mental health counseling of those aging with HIV. By focusing on the specific areas of life where clients are functioning effectively, this model works to decrease attention to pathology and stigma and, subsequently, works to empower clients to concentrate on areas of their lives that are controllable.
September 11th Survivors and the Refugee Model
Authors: Myer Rick A. , Moore Holly , Hughes Tammy L.
Published: May 2015

This article compares the experience of people working in the area of the World Trade Centers (WTC) on September 11th to the experience of refugees. The refugee model provides a better description of survivors’ experience than a diagnostic model. The author’s service provision for an organization adjacent to the WTC after September 11th serves as a basis for suggesting this alternative perspective. Positive and negative aspects of diagnosing victims of disasters are discussed both in general and specifically related to post-traumatic stress disorder. Information regarding the refugee experience is presented and related to the experience of WTC survivors. Implications for framing the treatment process in similar disasters are suggested.
The Experience of Grief After Bereavement: A Phenomenological Study With Implications for Mental Health Counseling
Authors: Muller Elizabeth D. , Thompson Charles L.
Published: May 2015

Phenomenological methods were used to explore the experience of grief after bereavement. Nine bereaved adults volunteered to participate in open-ended interviews in which they were asked to discuss their experience of grief after the death of a loved one. An analysis of the interviews revealed the following themes in the experience of grief after bereavement: Coping, Affect, Change, Relationship, and Details. Implications for the practice of mental health counseling are discussed.
Multicultural Counseling Competencies = Ethical Practice
Authors: Arredondo Patricia , Toporek Rebecca
Published: May 2015

The adoption of the Competencies is indicative of ethical and culturally responsive practices. Historical marginalization based on ethnic, racial, cultural, and socioeconomic differences and scientific racism have adversely affected the mental health professions and clients deserving of services.A rationale for the adoption of the Competencies is articulated based on existing research and examples of application of the Competencies. Rebuttals are made to criticisms about the Competencies by Weinrach and Thomas (2002). Viewing the Competencies as a living document indicates their future evolution as a set of culturally universal and culturally relative guidelines for the mental health professions.
What We Don’t Know CAN Hurt Us: Mental Health Counselors’ Implicit Assumptions About Human Nature
Authors: Auger Richard W.
Published: May 2015

All people have implicit assumptions, often existing outside conscious awareness, about a range of human attributes. Mental health counselors may have unique sets of implicit assumptions about human nature which affect their view of client problems and influence their professional behavior. This article describes possible sets of counseling-relevant assumptions about human nature and discusses the importance of mental health counselors gaining greater awareness of their assumptions. Strategies for increasing this awareness are presented, and implications for mental health counseling educators and supervisors are discussed.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy: A Review and Call to Research
Authors: Smith Lisa D. , Peck Patrick L.
Published: May 2015

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT; Linehan, 1993a) is a systematic and integrative orientation to treating borderline personality disorder. Borderline personality disorder, or BPD, may present a myriad of challenges and difficulties for the beginning as well as the seasoned mental health professional. Although some empirical support exists for DBT, more is needed. The current article is, in essence, a call for research, but is also an effort at introducing DBT and its foundations and stages of individual and group therapy. The goal is to give the reader a clearer understanding of DBT through a review of the empirical evidence, the therapeutic process, and the implications for mental health counselors.
The Relationship Between Adjustment and Bereavement-Related Distress: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Henderson John M. , Hayslip Bert , King Jennifer K.
Published: May 2015

The current study assessed 125 conjugally bereaved persons using multiple self-report measures as indicators of personal adjustment and bereavement distress across three times of testing (initial, 6-month, and 3-year follow-up). Cross-lagged panel analyses were conducted to examine the potentially causal relationships between indicators of both adjustment and bereavement distress. Across nearly all measures of general adjustment and bereavement distress, adjustment was significantly more predictive of bereavement distress than bereavement distress was predictive of adjustment from both Time 1 to Time 3 and Time 2 to Time 3. These findings suggest that difficulties in general adjustment may exacerbate bereavement distress and emphasize the importance of interventions targeting the acquisition of adaptive coping skills in conjugally bereaved persons.
Assessing Loss Reactions among Older Adults: Strategies to Evaluate the Impact of September 11, 2001
Authors: Sofka Carla J.
Published: May 2015

As a result of the events of September 11, 2001, older adults have experienced a multitude of death-related and non-death losses. Mental health counselors who interact with older adults have a crucial role in identifying individuals who may be at risk for experiencing a subsequent, temporary, upsurge of grief. Following a review of basic concepts and underlying philosophies that can be utilized to inform work with bereaved older adults, interviewing strategies and standardized measures available for use with older adults experiencing trauma and grief are described. Then using Corr's (2003) task-based approach as a framework, strategies for identification of need and intervention are presented.
Receiving Gifts from Clients: Ethical and Therapeutic Issues
Authors: Gerig Mark S.
Published: May 2015

The ethical and therapeutic implications of receiving gifts from clients are explored. The importance of the issue is noted, and relevant ethical considerations are discussed. Therapeutic meanings that underlie client gift-giving are explored. By integrating the ethical and therapeutic considerations, four general categories of gifts are identified. Specific therapeutic responses to each category are identified and briefly discussed.
Engaging Families in School-Based Mental Health Treatment
Authors: Vanderbleek Linda M.
Published: May 2015

Increasing populations of students are unprepared for learning due to emotional or behavioral problems. Yet, school-based mental health services are fragmented, marginalized, and underutilized. Despite the federal mandate to improve all student achievement and an increased ability to identify students needing mental health services, school-based mental health services are noticeably absent from school reform initiatives. The research clearly shows family involvement in school-based mental health services is effective in improving student academic performance. By understanding barriers to school-based mental health counseling services and strategies for increasing family enrollment and retention, mental health counselors can help increase students' academic readiness and the integration of mental health services into the structure of the nation's schools.
Getting the Most Out of Clinical Supervision: Strategies for Mental Health
Authors: Students Counseling , Pearson Quinn M.
Published: May 2015

Strategies are presented for helping mental health counseling (MHC) students navigate the process of receiving clinical supervision, from preparing for and initiating supervision to participating actively within and between sessions. Information from supervision practices and principles provides the foundation for guiding students in making the most of their first experiences in clinical supervision.
The Aftermath of the Gulf War: Mental Health Issues Among Iraqi Gulf War Veteran Refugees in the United States
Authors: Jamil Hikmet , Nassar-McMillan Sylvia C. , Lambert Richard
Published: May 2015

Iraqi Gulf War (GW) veteran refugees, or those who fled the Hussein regime and were subsequently granted refugee stated by the United States, are at high risk for the same mental health maladies that afflict U.S. GW veterans. We conducted a pilot survey on a group of Iraqi GW veteran refugees to assess levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, panic, and anxiety. We hypothesized that significantly more participants with PTSD would report depression, panic, and anxiety symptoms than their non-PTSD counterparts. We further expected that those with PTSD would report significantly higher mean scores on depression, panic, and anxiety than those participants not identified as having PTSD. Results indicated high levels of each of the symptom categories among the PTSD groups. PTSD sufferers conjointly assessed with significantly elevated levels of depression and panic as compared to their non-PTSD counterparts.
Incorporating Prevention into Mental Health Counselor Training
Authors: Matthews Connie R. , Skowron Elizabeth A.
Published: May 2015

The mental health counseling literature has consistently noted that prevention is integral to the field, yet largely neglected in graduate training programs. This article provides an in-depth discussion of a prevention seminar course in an effort to provide resources and incentive for training programs addressing this area of mental health counseling. A detailed overview of the course, including resources used, is provided. Suggestions are also offered for incorporating prevention into standard counseling courses.
Childhood Sexuality: Discerning Healthy From Abnormal Sexual Behaviors
Authors: Thanasiu Page L.
Published: May 2015

Empirically determined characteristics that mental health counselors can use as a reference when assessing the normalcy of sexual behaviors in preadolescent children are summarized. Once sexual behaviors have been determined to be problematic, mental health counselors need to be aware of and address factors that will affect children's sexual attitudes and behaviors.
The Cycle of Caring: A Model of Expertise in the Helping Professions
Authors: Skovholt Thomas M.
Published: May 2015

The core of the helping professions, including counseling, is a relational process, a one-way helping relationship that serves as an incubator for the client's development. In counselor practice, the one-way helping relationship occurs again and again with client after client. The Cycle of Caring-- of Empathetic Attachment, Active Involvement, and Felt Separation--describes the continual relational process that summarizes the work of the counselor. Doing the Cycle of Caring proficiently, over and over and over again with each and every client, constitutes a model of expertise.
Counseling in Developing Countries: Turkey and India as Examples
Authors: Raney Shonali , Çinarba Deniz Canel
Published: May 2015

Turkey and India are developing countries with unique cultural characteristics. The current state of mental health counseling in Turkey and India necessitates new laws, indigenous approaches, adaptations of culture-sensitive approaches, and research projects to validate such approaches. It is the job of mental health counselors to accomplish such complicated and trying tasks in the absence of social and financial resources.
Person-Centered Therapy with Impoverished, Maltreated, and Neglected Children and Adolescents in Brazil
Authors: Freire Elizabeth Schmitt , Koller Sílvia Helena , Piason Aline , da Silva Renata Beatriz
Published: May 2015

This article reports on a program that provides person-centered therapy for impoverished, maltreated, and neglected children and adolescents in Brazil. The program, which is staffed by volunteer therapists, started in 2002. Since then, nearly 100 hundred children and adolescents have received therapy in three institutions, one residential and two nonresidential. The general outcomes are described, leading to the conclusion that person-centered therapy is an effective strategy for the promotion of children’s and adolescents’ resilience, even in the context of multiple adverse conditions such as socioeconomic disadvantage, neglect, maltreatment, and abandonment. We conclude that the multicultural feature of person-centered therapy explains its effectiveness in this distinct population of Brazilian lower-class and non-White children and adolescents.
Staying Normal in an Abnormal Corner of the World: Mental Health Counseling in Israel
Authors: Israelashvili Moshe
Published: May 2015

In the course of the last four years, Israeli citizens have repeatedly been exposed to terrorist attacks, and there are several other issues in Israel’s current situation that highlight the need for intensive mental health counseling. The article focuses on Israeli school counselors and describes some of the problems they were obliged to face in order to help schoolchildren, their families, or the entire school system stay normal in an abnormal situation. These issues include: death and mourning, social cohesion as a risk factor, immigrants’ maladjustment, unemployment, intercultural conflicts, and spiritual debates. Implications for mental health counseling are offered.
When Labels Mask Oppression: Implications for Teaching Psychiatric Taxonomy to Mental Health Counselors
Authors: Cosgrove Lisa
Published: May 2015

Mental health counseling programs have an ethical responsibility to teach students to think about the sociopolitical context in which behaviors become understood as symptoms of mental disorders. Elaborating on this idea, the author discusses the importance of critical thinking and of adopting a reflective comportment when mental health counselors are engaged in the process of psychiatric diagnosis. Specific suggestions for helping mental health counselors in training develop critical thinking skills and apply them to psychiatric diagnosis are identified.
Case Conceptualization and Treatment Planning: Investigation of Problem-Solving and Clinical Judgment
Authors: Falvey Janet E. , Bray Timothy E. , Hebert David J.
Published: May 2015

This investigation examined the cognitive factors that influence case conceptualization (CC) and treatment planning (TP) tasks among experienced mental health professionals. A thinking aloud process-tracing strategy was used to identify problem-solving styles and clinical judgment strategies used by 25 licensed psychologists, clinical mental health counselors, and clinical social workers while responding to a standardized case conceptualization and treatment planning task. Cluster analysis revealed a four cluster solution that differentiated among treatment planning scores of these clinicians. SPSS discriminant analyses identified (a) three problem-solving styles (i.e., differentiation, integration, affiliation) that correctly predicted cluster membership in 96% of cases, and (b) three clinical judgment strategies (i.e., minimal, complex, heuristic) that correctly predicted cluster membership for all of these clinicians. Implications of these findings for training and research are presented.
Etiology and Treatment of Cluster C Personality Disorders
Authors: Eskedal Glen A. , Demetri Jamie M.
Published: May 2015

Of challenge to mental health counselor's (MHCs) is the management and treatment of personality disorders. This article will elaborate on the etiological development of Cluster C personality disorders (avoidant, dependant, and obsessive-compulsive), review the self-maintenance functions they provide, and review the cognitive-behavioral, group, and psychodynamic treatments for each of the three Cluster C personality disorders. The central aim of this manuscript is to assist MHCs in better understanding biological and environmental antecedents, treatment interventions, and to ensure that personality dynamics are not overlooked in the treatment process.
Beliefs of Board Certified Substance Abuse Counselors Regarding Multiple Relationships
Authors: Hollander Jennifer Kenney , Bauer Scott , Herlihy Barbara , McCollum Vivian
Published: May 2015

The purpose of this study was to increase understanding of beliefs of substance abuse counselors regarding multiple relationships. The association between beliefs and educational level, recovery status, experience, and supervision were explored. Results showed that non-recovering individuals and individuals receiving supervision found more multiple relationship behaviors to be ethically problematic. Highest degree obtained, experience prior to licensure, and supervision prior to licensure did not contribute to beliefs regarding multiple relationship behaviors.
An Exploratory Study of Client Perceptions of Internet Counseling and the Therapeutic Alliance
Authors: Leibert Todd , Archer James , Munson Joe , York Grady
Published: May 2015

Online counseling is a growing area of clinical work with relatively little empirical evidence about the kind of clients that use the medium, advantages and disadvantages of online counseling, and satisfaction with relationships and treatment service. Sociodemographics were collected on 81 self-selected clients using online counseling, and self-reported therapeutic alliance and satisfaction with online counseling were assessed for comparison to past studies of clients using traditional face-to-face counseling. Online clients were predominantly female, were already regular Internet users, and enjoyed the convenience and anonymity of the service. They were satisfied with their relationships and treatment online but not as satisfied as clients who have undergone traditional face-to-face counseling. The main disadvantage, the loss of nonverbal information, was offset by the advantage of anonymity when sharing shameful personal information. Research limitations and clinical implications of the study are discussed.
Empirically Supported Treatments and General Therapy Guidelines for Non-Suicidal Self-Injury
Authors: Muehlenkamp Jennifer J.
Published: May 2015

Mental health counselors are facing increased demand to treat both adolescents and adults who present with repetitive non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors, yet there are few empirically supported treatments or general treatment guidelines available. I will review the research on problem-solving and dialectical behavior therapy, two cognitive-behavioral treatments that have the most empirical support for reducing self-injurious behavior. I conclude by providing specific treatment recommendations drawn from the literature that can be of use to mental health counselors working with individuals who self-injure.
The Healthy Tree: A Metaphorical Perspective of Counselor Well-being
Authors: Meyer Danielle , Ponton Richard
Published: May 2015

Counseling is a risky and rewarding business. While counseling invites mental health counselors to participate with their clients in the awesome process of human growth and healing, it also may threaten their well being through exposure to their clients' trauma and its painful consequences.The authors present a metaphor of a healthy tree to organize an overview of recent research regarding the risk and protective factors of vicarious traumatization of counselors. Implications for the practice, supervision, and management of counseling are presented.
The Other Side of Psychopharmacology: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Murray Thomas L.
Published: May 2015

A number of literature reviews exist that support the use of psychotropic medications. This article provides a review of the disconfirming literature regarding psychopharmacology use. Comparing the first review of psychopharmacology published in the counseling field two decades earlier to what is known currently, I examine recent developments in psychopharmacology research focusing on the safety, efficacy, side-effects, and theoretical assumptions of various classes of psychotropic medications. This article concludes by addressing counselor identity, practice and training concerns vis-à-vis psychiatric medications and the medical model.
Confronting the Realities of Volunteering for a National Disaster
Authors: Bartley Alise G.
Published: May 2015

Responding to a national appeal for mental health volunteers to assist with disaster relief efforts is an altruistic act. However, the reality of the actual work of a mental health volunteer can be jarring. In the course of providing services to traumatized individuals, mental health providers are in a position to share the emotional burden of the trauma, become a witness to the damage, recognize the realities of dealing with federal and state agencies, and observe the inequitable distribution of resources. The following is my story of what it was like before, during, and after my experience as a mental health volunteer in the Gulfport/Biloxi, Mississippi area two months after the destruction of August 2005. I hope that sharing my story will encourage other mental health counselors to play a role in responding to the needs created by events like Hurricane Katrina.
Adolescents’ Perceptions of the Gendered Context of Depression: “Tough” Boys and Objectified Girls
Authors: Wisdom Jennifer P. , Rees Amy M. , Riley Katherine J. , Weis Teresa R.
Published: May 2015

Gender-specific attributes and socialization influence the development of depression in adolescents, but little research has addressed adolescents' views on this topic. We interviewed 22 adolescents regarding their views on the impact of sex and gender role influence in depression. Male and female participants: (a) described societal expectations and cultural messages, including high and conflicting expectations for girls, and consistent messages of being "macho" and unemotional for boys, as related to adolescent depression; (b) perceived physical changes during puberty as contributors to depression for girls, but not for boys; and (c) associated loneliness and rejection with depression for both boys and girls. We discuss implications for treatment that include directly addressing gender roles with depressed adolescents.
Promoting an Outcomes-Based Treatment Milieu for Juvenile Sexual Offenders: A Guided Approach to Assessment
Authors: Calley Nancy G.
Published: May 2015

This article is designed for mental health counselors working with juvenile sexual offenders and focuses on the use of an integrated array of standardized assessment instruments in the treatment of this population. A sequential guide is included to aid the counselor in the identification of salient treatment issues and to promote an effective and comprehensive service utilization process and an outcomes-based treatment environment. Specific assessment instruments designed to measure general risk factors, mental health disorders, substance abuse, and family functioning are discussed. A case illustration is provided to demonstrate the use of assessment instruments in the treatment process.
The Experience of Online Counseling
Authors: Haberstroh Shane , Duffey Thelma , Evans Marcheta , Gee Robert , Trepal Heather
Published: May 2015

In this qualitative study, the authors outline the experiences of 5 research participants who engaged in online chat-based counseling sessions. Participants discussed their experiences related to technological barriers, connecting with their counselor, interacting without visual or verbal feedback, receiving counseling in a personal space, and the flow and pace of the online sessions. The authors provide recommendations for the implementation of online counseling, including discussion of the limitations and benefits of this type of therapeutic conversation.
Expanding the Discussion Regarding Parentification and Its Varied Outcomes: Implications for Mental Health Research and Practice
Authors: Hooper Lisa M.
Published: May 2015

Studies have demonstrated that parentification, a potential form of child maltreatment, is a ubiquitous phenomenon that most community counselors as well as other mental health care providers (e.g., school and family counselors, social workers) face. Although these studies have pointed to a relationship between parentification and later psychopathology, the potential for divergent outcomes is rarely discussed. This article advances an often-absent balanced discussion of the extent to which varied outcomes are evidenced in adulthood after one has been parentified in childhood. For example, varied outcomes such as psychopathology and posttraumatic growth may be feasible in adulthood after parentification in childhood. Suggestions related to research and practice efforts are put forth for mental health counselors.
Wilderness Therapy as a Treatment Modality for At-Risk Youth: A Primer for Mental Health Counselors
Authors: Hill Nicole R.
Published: May 2015

Many mental health counselors identify adolescent clients as the most “difficult” clients with which to work because it is a challenge to engage them in the counseling experience (Church, 1994; Hanna et al., 1999; Gil, 1996). At-risk youth tend to be ill equipped to engage in traditional counseling interventions, which require them to be verbal and to disclose thoughts and feelings (Hanna et al., 1999; Davis-Berman & Berman, 1994). Wilderness therapy, a specialized approach within adventure-based counseling (Fletcher & Hinkle, 2002), provides an alternative treatment modality that maximizes the client’s tendency to spontaneously self-disclose in environments outside the counseling office (Hanna et al.). This article provides an overview of wilderness therapy as a treatment modality and identifies the associated therapeutic factors in an effort to inform mental health counselors.
Self-injurious behaviors, diagnoses, and treatment methods: What mental health professionals are reporting
Authors: Trepal Heather C. , Wester Kelly L.
Published: May 2015

Self-injurious behaviors are gaining increased attention in both the media and the professional literature. Despite increased interest, little is actually known about prevalence, diagnoses, and treatment considerations, specifically with outpatient mental health populations. This article presents the results from a national survey of American Mental Health Counselor Association (AMCHA) members regarding the rate at which they see clients who self-injure and their clinical opinions of related diagnoses. Finally, the treatment methods used by counselors with clients who self-injure are also reported.
Counseling Arab and Chaldean American Families
Authors: Hakim-Larson Julie , Kamoo Ray , Nassar-McMillan Sylvia C. , Porcerelli John H.
Published: May 2015

The last century has seen an increase in the population of Americans of Arab and Chaldean descent. In recent decades, clinicians have articulated the goal of enhancing their knowledge of cultural diversity for the purpose of improving their appreciation for diversity and the quality of their mental health interventions with diverse populations. However, there is currently little systematic empirical research regarding the counseling of Arab and Chaldean Americans, although awareness of the need for such research among mental health professionals has started to emerge. The purpose of this paper is to provide an integrative review of the values and socio-cultural forces that are relevant to the counseling of this population in North America, and to provide some culturally sensitive recommendations for working with American families of Arab and Chaldean ethnicity. In particular, we propose that effective interventions with clients of Arab and Chaldean ethnic backgrounds will need to be informed by an understanding of the everyday sociopolitical contextual background of target clients and the impact of values and acculturation processes on the family network.
Transgenerational Trauma and Resilience: Improving Mental Health Counseling for Survivors of Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Goodman Rachael D. , West-Olatunji Cirecie A.
Published: May 2015

As disasters increase worldwide, there is greater need for effective and expedient disaster mental health response. The purpose of this paper is to present the etiology of transgenerational trauma to advance mental health counselors’ understanding of the complex issues associated with trauma and disaster. The authors have woven literature from the field of trauma counseling with their own clinical experiences during deployment in post-Katrina New Orleans. The authors assert that mental health counselors can enhance clinical practice by using transgenerational trauma assessment and interventions as well as historical and contextual knowledge. A case example and recommendations are provided to demonstrate how to incorporate transgenerational trauma and resilience into clinical practice when working with disaster survivors.
Indirect Victimization from Terrorism: A Proposed Post-Exposure Intervention
Authors: Slone Michelle , Shoshani Anat
Published: May 2015

Indirect victimization from media exposure to terrorism manifests in a variety of psychological distress symptoms. Risks for the public inherent in this exposure prompted construction of a post-exposure therapeutic intervention for moderating emotional responses. For empirical rigor, efficacy was tested in a laboratory study in which 168 participants were exposed to a terrorism or nonterrorism media clip and for each exposure type to a therapeutic or control intervention. State anxiety and anger were measured before and subsequent to experimental manipulation. The first hypothesis predicting higher post-test anxiety and anger in the terrorism than the nonterrorism exposure group was confirmed, validating the negative effects of exposure. Testing the efficacy of the therapeutic intervention, the second hypothesis predicting, in the terrorism exposure, lower post-test levels of anxiety and anger in the therapeutic than control intervention group was also confirmed. These results support the utility of integrated emotional and cognitive therapeutic intervention. Clinical implications of these results suggest a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for indirect terrorism exposure victims, which is especially important during this new era of terrorism.
Depression and the Elder Person: The Enigma of Misconceptions, Stigma, and Treatment
Authors: Benek-Higgins Mary , McReynolds Connie J. , Hogan Ebony , Savickas Suzanne
Published: May 2015

It is estimated that half of the 35 million people in the United States who are over the age of 65 are in need of mental health services, though fewer than 20% are actually being treated (Comer, 2004). Coexisting mental and physical problems make recognition of depression in elder persons more difficult because presenting symptoms of depression are often masked by physical problems. In addition, most elder people who have depression never seek or obtain treatment because of the commonly held myth that depression is a normal part of the aging process and that elder people cannot benefit from psychotherapy. The purpose of this article is to survey these issues as they relate to mental health counseling.
Cognitive Style and Theoretical Orientation: Factors Affecting Intervention Style Interest and Use
Authors: Barrio Minton Casey A. , Myers Jane E.
Published: May 2015

Developmental Counseling and Therapy (DCT), an integrative model for assessing client cognitive-emotional style and selecting interventions, has been presented as a meta-theory for increasing intentionality in mental health treatment planning. To examine the usefulness of DCT for training and practice, student and professional counselors (N = 203) completed the Preferred Helping Styles Inventory, the Theoretical Orientation Profile Scale-Revised, and the Intervention Strategies Questionnaire. Intervention styles were related to both cognitive styles and theoretical orientations; intervention style use was predicted by cognitive style and intervention style interests. Implications for mental health counselor training and practice are discussed.
On-scene Mental Health Counseling Provided Through Police Departments
Authors: Young Andrew T. , Fuller Jill , Riley Briana
Published: May 2015

The expectation that police officers can address every need in every situation is daunting and unrealistic. Recognizing this, some police departments have instituted special training or used other resources to better serve the needs of citizens. One example is an on-scene crisis counseling unit comprised of volunteer mental health professionals who respond to calls with police officers. These counselors provide mental health services that police officers cannot. This article explains the usefulness of this type of program, and crisis counseling in general, for both officers and victims as they deal with crises like domestic violence, homicide, suicide, and sexual assault. The study examines survey results from victims and police officers about the impact of this intervention. The data support the helpfulness of the program. Implications and recommendations for further research are included.
Comprehensive Program Development in Mental Health Counseling: Design, Implementation, and Evaluation
Authors: Calley Nancy G.
Published: May 2015

With increasing emphasis on the use of evidence-based practices and efficient clinical operations, mental health counselors must be competent in comprehensive clinical program development that covers program design, implementation, and sustainability. To address this need, a practice model here presented integrates scientific knowledge and business principles by emphasizing research-based program design and due diligence in program development. The model consists of 12 sequential, interrelated phases to guide the professional in creating comprehensive mental health counseling programs.
Transgenerational Trauma and Child Sexual Abuse: Reconceptualizing Cases Involving Young Survivors of CSA
Authors: Frazier Kimberly N. , West-Olatunji Cirecie A. , St. Juste Shirley , Goodman Rachael D.
Published: May 2015

While current research on child sexual abuse (CSA) has delineated the immediate and long-term effects of sexual trauma, little has been written about intergenerational influences on the presence and etiology of CSA among young children. Dass-Brailsford (2007) defined transgenerational trauma as trauma that has been passed down from one generation to another, either directly or indirectly. In this paper the authors review the literature on CSA, the influence of primary caregivers, and transgenerational trauma, followed by a case illustration. Specific interventions are pointed out to offer mental health counselors innovative tools for ameliorating the effects of transgenerational trauma with this client population. The authors also highlight effective clinical programs on CSA among young children that acknowledge the influence of intergenerational trauma.
Managing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Active-Duty Military Personnel in Primary Care Settings
Authors: Corso Kent A. , Bryan Craig J. , Morrow Chad E. , Appolonio Kathryn Kanzler , Dodendorf Diane M. , Baker Monty T.
Published: May 2015

Active-duty military personnel face deterrents to seeking outpatient mental health treatment despite the high prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in this population. The Behavioral Health Consultation (BHC) model may be the answer for those presenting subthreshold PTSD symptoms, at high risk for PTSD due to their occupation, not interested in outpatient mental health treatment, or unable to seek such treatment due to occupational limitations. Three empirically based interventions that have been effective in managing symptoms of PTSD are summarized and then integrated into the established BHC model as suggested treatments for managing PTSD symptoms in an integrated primary care setting. Pilot data and recommendations for future research and practice are provided.
Mental Health Counseling Responses to Eating-Related Concerns in Young Adult Women: A Prevention and Treatment Continuum
Authors: Choate Laura Hensley , Schwitzer Alan M.
Published: May 2015

Because susceptibility for eating-related concerns exists along a continuum, this manuscript first introduces a framework for intervention that offers a continuum of responses for addressing such concerns in young adult women. The mental health strategies needed range from early identification and interventions for subthreshold problems to more advanced counseling approaches to address emerging and full eating concerns. It next discusses three different types of interventions: (a) preventive approaches for young women at risk; (b) intermediate approaches for women who demonstrate initial symptoms of disordered eating; and (c) psychotherapeutic interventions for women whose symptoms meet diagnostic criteria for eating disorders.
A Comparative Review of U.S. Military and Civilian Suicide Behavior: Implications for OEF/OIF Suicide Prevention Efforts
Authors: Martin Jeffery , Ghahramanlou-Holloway Marjan , Lou Kathryn , Tucciarone Paulette
Published: May 2015

Suicide is a significant public health concern within the United States military. Suicide may occur before, during, and after military deployment or service for a multitude of reasons that may or may not be directly related to deployment. Therefore, it is crucial that mental health counselors are trained to identify risk at an early stage so they can offer evidence-based practices to manage and reduce it. Enhanced understanding of the similarities and differences in suicide risk and protective factors for civilian and military individuals is crucial for counselors who work directly with Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) active-duty personnel, veterans, and family members. This review aims to educate counselors about the role of demographic, life event, psychopathology, and behavioral and psychological variables in exacerbating or alleviating the desire to die. The information presented is based on an electronic search of medical and psychological databases for terms related to suicide by military service members. Recommendations related to identification, prevention, and management of suicide risk in OEF/OIF service members and beneficiaries are presented.
Suicidal or Manipulative? The Role of Mental Health Counselors in Overcoming a False Dichotomy in Identifying and Treating Self-Harming Inmates
Authors: Cummings Devon L. , Thompson Mindi N.
Published: May 2015

Suicide is a significant problem within jails and prisons. If self-harming inmates are labeled manipulative and therefore not treated, this may lead to their death, because research demonstrates that these "manipulative" individuals are at risk of suicide and need treatment. Attention to the role of mental health counselors in jails and prisons is therefore necessary. This paper discusses that role and ways to identify, assess, treat, and prevent suicides in jails and prisons. It provides suggestions for research on suicide assessment with incarcerated individuals who are considered manipulative.
Supervising Trainees who Counsel Clients with Borderline Personality Characteristics: Implications for Training and Practice
Authors: Fazio-Griffith Laura , Curry Jennifer R.
Published: May 2015

This article presents findings from an exploration of clinical supervisors' perspectives of the process of supervising trainees who counsel clients with borderline personality characteristics. Six supervisors, from private practice settings, nonprofit agencies, and counseling and training centers, participated in three rounds of interviews. They explored the supervision process with trainees who counsel clients who exhibit these characteristics and the influence these characteristics had on the supervision process. Recommendations based on these findings are offered for supervision in clinical practice, counselor education, and training.
A Review of Evidence-Based Therapeutic Interventions for Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Steinkuller Andrea , Rheineck Jane E.
Published: May 2015

Bipolar disorder is a complex disability that presents substantial challenges for diagnosis and treatment. Recent research shows that there is a significant need for adjunctive psychotherapy to supplement and optimize the benefits of medication. Researchers and clinicians recognize that quality of life outcomes are at least as important as clinical outcomes to successful treatment of bipolar disorder. A growing body of literature indicates that psychotherapeutic interventions benefit bipolar clients and have the potential to significantly improve their psychosocial functioning and decrease the substantial social costs of the illness. In this article we examine psychoeducational interventions along with three evidence-based interventions that address the complexity of bipolar disorder.
Commonalities Between Ericksonian Psychotherapy and Native American Healing
Authors: Thomason Timothy C.
Published: May 2015

There are many commonalities between the techniques used in Ericksonian psychotherapy and the healing rituals used by traditional Native American tribes. Milton H. Erickson had some Indian heritage and may have derived some of his therapeutic techniques from his study of tribal healing practices. A review of the literature shows that both approaches emphasize symbolic healing through the use of story-telling, metaphors, ambiguous tasks, ordeals, and rituals. Both also use direct and indirect hypnosis to relieve psychological distress. Implications for the practice of mental health counseling are described.
Low-income African American Male Youth with ADHD Symptoms in the United States: Recommendations for Clinical Mental Health Counselors
Authors: Tucker Catherine , Dixon Andrea L.
Published: May 2015

African-American males living in poverty are among the least likely children and adolescents to receive mental health services in the United States, even though they are the most likely to be referred to mental health agencies for services. In this article the authors explore current problems facing impoverished African American male youth who exhibit symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), their need for mental health services, and the barriers to services that they face, and offer recommendations for mental health counselors.
An Analysis of a Sample of the General Population's Understanding of Forgiveness: Implications for Mental Health Counselors
Authors: Freedman Suzanne , Chang Wen-Chuan Rita
Published: May 2015

Forgiveness can be a long and treacherous process, but it can eventually lead to a better understanding of ourselves, as well as a deeper understanding of the person who hurt us. These interviews have shown the impact of forgiveness in real life. They have reinforced the importance of including forgiveness, or at least parts of the forgiveness process, into our recovery from a deep hurt. By recognizing the opportunity to forgive, [we] may already have a greater understanding of [our] pain and may have the potential to offer forgiveness in a seemingly unhopeful situation.