Design of a Domestic and Commercial Setup for Solar PV Systems
Authors: Xma R.Pote  
Published: January 2025

The recent figures on power generation show that about 50.7 % of the power is being generated from conventional coal-fired power stations. Fuels like coal and oil lead to heavy degradation of clean surrounding air. To cope with the decline of petroleum reserves and also to reduce pollution Electric automobiles are being designed and implemented on a large scale. This will also necessitate increased power generation.  This paper highlights the analytical study of a household Solar Rooftop system and a commercial setup. The payback period for two different cases is calculated as 7 years and 6 years and the reduction in Carbon dioxide emission is 931 and 136 tons per MWh respectively. The paper gives an explanation based on current market rates and conditions.
Introduction: As per the statistics available the total installed capacity of in India in June 2022 is 403.760 GW. Out of this, the generation with fossil fuel is 236.075 GW and the generation with renewable energy is 167.694 GW [1]. This includes generation with hydro at 46 GW and nuclear it is 6.78 GW. The fossil fuel share is 58.5% and the renewable energy share is 39.7 %. A system cleanly involving the generation of power is the need of the century. India has huge potential for the generation of power by utilizing solar energy During January Southern Peninsula received 4.5 kWh/m2/day, Western Ghats received 5.5 kWh/m2/day. From April to May, more than 90 % of the country receives about 5 kWh/m2/day with the highest recorded 7.5 kWh/m2/day in the western plain. This will help in the heavy reduction of carbon emissions and result in the conservation of fuel to a great extent. The current figure for carbon dioxide emission is 2.88 Gigaton per year [3]. Solar photovoltaic panels can be installed on ground level as well as buildings. This gives optimum utilization of place.
Objectives: The key intention of this work is to elaborate a method for the technical, economic, and environmental study of a standalone Solar photovoltaic system. This paper explains the benefit a consumer will get if he is switching from a conventional grid system to an installed solar PV system
Methods: The important parameters of the design are proper electrical and physical dimensions of the Photovoltaic system and also appropriate rating and number of batteries.In this portion, a model is developed in which equations for total solar panels required, power generation capacity of  PV panels, and quantity of batteries depending on load fulfillment are represented. The technical and financial concept is covered in the model.
Results: This paper gives a comparison of number of solar panels ,number of batteries,cost of panels and batteries,size of inverter,difference in investment required with and without solar panels for a span of 26 years.It also calculates the payback period and saving in carbon emission.
Conclusion: From the calculations done it is observed that generation and utilization of power from solar photovoltaic cells gives us the benefit in long term,It not gives us financial benefits but also helps us to our environment clean.The main challenge of using solar energy is that the initial investment cost of installation of this system seems to be large for the consumer specially domestic consumer.This type of analysis may be helpful in convincing the customer of long term benefits.