bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konya Doğanhisar Deştiğin Ulu Camii ve Ka-lem İşi Bezemeleri
Authors: Algaç Şeyda
Published: September 2023

Deştiğin, Konya’nın Doğanhisar ilçesine on beş km. uzaklıkta bir yerleşim birimidir. Deştiğin’in merkezinde bulunan Ulu Camii, moloz taş ve ahşap hatıllarla inşa edilmiş, kareye yakın planlı, girişi ve son cemaat yeri doğuda bulunan, kuzey güney doğrultusunda, üç nefli bir yapıdır. Sade mimarisine karşın kırmızı, mavi, yeşil ve sarı renklerle boyanmış zengin kalem işi bezemelere sahiptir. Yapım yılı bilinmeyen yapının kalem işleri 1287 (M. 1870/71) tarihlidir. Son cemaat yerinin güney duvarında ve harim duvarlarında bulunan bezemeler geçirdikleri onarımlarda niteliklerini kaybetseler de yapıyı değerli kılarlar. Duvar yüzeyleri yatay olarak dörde bölünmüş, yukarıda kalan üç birimlik bölüm bezeme alanı olarak kullanılmıştır. Kıvrık dallar üzerine yerleştirilmiş bitkisel bezemeler, meyveli- meyvesiz ağaçlar,  caminin içinde neşeli ve canlı bir bahçe yaratırlar. Nakışların arasına, “yelkenli gemi”, “tek kubbeli dört minareli cami”, “tac-ı şerif”, “teber”, “mızrak”, “topuz” gibi tekke sembolleri, “çark-ı felek”, “yılan”, “Âlem-i Lâhût”, kırmızı meyveli ağaç”, “ay-yıldız”, “tekli ve üçlü kandil”, “saat”, “peşkir” motifleri yerleştirilmiştir. Duvarlarda tüm camilerde görülebilecek bir yazı programı kullanılmış, güney duvarına iki adet simetrik düzenlenmiş, “Ali” ismi yazılmıştır. Çalışmada bezeme elemanları tanımlanmış, kullanılan tekke sembolleri de göz önüne alınarak motiflerin yüklenmiş olabilecekleri anlamlar araştırılmıştır. Bezemeleri yapan kalem işi usta ya da ustaların mensup olabileceği tasavvuf ekolleri irdelenmiş, bezemelere kaynaklık eden görsel kaynaklar tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Kalem işi bezemelerin benzerleri Deştiğin kasabasının yirmi km. uzağındaki Hüyük ilçesinin Çavuş köyü camiinde bulunur. Gezici derviş ustaların eserleri olan bu yapılar 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Konya’nın Göller bölgesinin kırsal alanındaki sanatsal faaliyetlerle ilgili önemli veriler sağlarlar.
Covıd-19 Sonrası Eğitim Sisteminin Yeni Medya Ortamlarına Taşınmasına Yönelik Bir İnceleme
Authors: Maral Taylan , Özdemir Mehmet
Published: September 2023

Dünya genelinde yaşanan COVID-19 salgınının etkilerinin hayatın her alanında derinden yaşanması kaçınılmaz olmuştur. Bu bağlamda eğitim sistemleri de sosyal hayatın bir parçası olarak değerlendirilmekte ve öğrencilerin gelecekleriyle ilgili olan sınav sistemlerinin yaşanan pandemi sürecinde ülkeler bazında değerlendirilmesi yapılırken, dijitalleşmenin de rolü öne çıkmaktadır.
COVID-19 pandemisi eğitim alanında önemli değişikliklere neden olmuş ve eğitim yöntemlerinin sosyal medya ortamlarına taşınmasını hızlandırmıştır. Pandemi, dünya genelinde okulların kapanmasıyla geleneksel sınıf ortamlarının yerini çevrimiçi eğitim platformlarına bırakmasına yol açmıştır. Bu dönemde sosyal medya, eğitim kurumları, öğretmenler ve öğrenciler için iletişim, içerik paylaşımı ve öğrenme aracı olarak büyük önem kazanmıştır. Ancak, bu dönüşüm beraberinde; çevrimdışı eğitime katılamayan öğrenciler, teknik problemler ve çevrimiçi eğitimde öğrenci katılımını sürdürme zorluğu gibi sorunları da beraberinde getirmiştir.
"COVID-19 Sonrası Eğitim Sisteminin Yeni Medya Ortamlarına Taşınmasına Yönelik Bir İnceleme" başlığı altında hazırlanan bu çalışmada, araştırmanın odak noktası, küresel salgının eğitim alanında yol açtığı zorluklara karşı geliştirilen çözümleri değerlendirmektir. Çin, Kanada, Güney Kore ve Almanya gibi farklı ülkelerin deneyimleri bu bağlamda incelenmiştir. COVID-19'un eğitim sistemine etkileri, geleneksel eğitim yöntemlerinin sınırlarını ortaya koymuş ve yeni medya olanaklarının eğitimde daha etkin bir rol oynamasının gerekliliği vurgulanmıştır. Çalışma, söz konusu ülkelerin eğitim sistemlerinde uygulanan çevrimiçi eğitim platformları, dijital araçlar ve öğrenme yöntemlerinin yanı sıra öğretmenlerin ve öğrencilerin bu döneme nasıl uyum sağladığına da odaklanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, COVID-19 sonrası dönemde eğitim sisteminin yeni medya ortamlarına geçişi, uluslararası örnekler ışığında analiz edilerek, gelecekteki eğitim yöntemlerinin şekillendirilmesine dair önemli perspektifler sunmaktadır.
Culture and Language Correlation in Language Learning, Language Teaching and Communication
Authors: Yılmaz Tuncer
Published: September 2023

The significance of culture and language, the place of culture in language acquisition and the culture-language relationship has been examined in this study. It has been detected that culture is more than a component for language; it is like an indispensable part of a machine for language. It has crucial importance to understand the way of lives of people of the target language and to analyse the socio-cultural structure of them to be component in a (foreign) language. Lots of materials can be read, understood if one has concentrated on the target language, but it is sure that it is highly difficult to be capable of speaking, understanding the daily language, proverbs, idioms, social life and the world of the target language’s country.
Günlük Yaşamda Mizaha Postmodern Bakış
Authors: Kahya Yalçın
Published: September 2023

Mizah olgusunun işlevi ve çeşitli tanımlamaları mizah çalışmalarının merkezinde yer almakla birlikte farklı disiplinler tarafından farklı kültürler üzerinde yapılan araştırmalar mizahın insanların yaşadıkları topluma özgü bir kavram olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Geçmişten bugüne farklı disiplinler mizah konusunda farklı yaklaşımlar ve bakış açıları gelişirken postmodernist düşünürlerde toplumu eleştirmek ve sorunlara dikkat çekmek için farklı mizah türlerini kullanmaktadırlar. Diğer bir deyişle postmodern mizahta kullanılan teknikler ve yöntemler geleneksel mizahın özelliklerinden farklılık göstermektedir. Bu anlamda 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren büyük anlatıların etkisini yitirmeye başlaması, savaş sonrası batı toplumundaki köklü değişimler, başta sanat ile günlük yaşam arasındaki çizginin silinmesine ve yeni bir toplumsal düzenin doğmasına sebebiyet vermiştir. Mizah ile ilgili yapılan çalışmaların genel olarak modern dünya bağlamında yapıldığı düşünüldüğünde bu çalışmada üst anlatıların yapı bozuma uğratıldığı ve yerini geçici mikro yapıtlara bıraktığı postmodern süreç içerisinde mizahın konumu ile mizahın sosyal ve kültürel işlevi incelenmektedir.
Sürdürülebilir Ulaşımda Karayolu Tünellerinin Yeri: Yeni Zigana (Trabzon) Tüneli
Authors: Üzülmez Mehmet
Published: September 2023

Sürdürülebilirlik günümüzde bütün yaşam alanımıza girmiş bulunmaktadır. Dünya nüfusunun artması bu kavramın önemini daha da artırmıştır. İnsan yaşamının vazgeçilmez unsurlarından biri olan ulaşımın da sürdürülebilir şekilde yapılması gerekmektedir. Bunun için ülkeler belirli sürelerde Birleşmiş Milletler çatısı altında çeşitli toplantılar yapmaktadır. Yapılan bu toplantıların sonucunda ülkeler, gelecekte sera gazı üretimini azaltmaya yönelik taahhütlerde bulunmaktadırlar. Sera gazı üretiminde enerjinin payı %72 seviyelerinde ve ulaşım ise enerjiden kaynaklı sera gazı üretimine %15 oranında katkı sağlamaktadır. Ulaşımın payını daha da aşağı düşürebilmek için ulaşım araçları fosil yakıtlar yerine elektrikle çalışan araçlara dönüşebilmektedir. Ulaşım yollarında da teknolojinin gelişmesiyle daha uzun köprü ve tünellerin yapılması mesafeleri kısaltmakta ve böylece havaya daha az karbon salınımının olmasını sağlamaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada da Türkiye’nin en uzun karayolu tüneli olan Yeni Zigana Tüneli’nin ulaşımdaki sürdürülebilirliği incelenmiştir.  Zigana Dağı’ndan geçen Yeni Zigana Tüneli ulaşımın sürdürülebilir şekilde olmasına katkı sağlamaktadır. Çünkü yeni yapılan tünel eskisine göre 600-700 metre daha alçaktan geçmektedir. Böylece hem ekonomik olarak mesafeyi kısaltmak hem de 1800 metre yükseltiye çıkmadan araçlardan çıkan karbon salınımını %15 oranla azaltmaktadır. Yeni Zigana Tüneli, yüksek rakımdan geçen karayolunda yaşanan kış mevsiminin getirdiği ağır iklim koşullarının etkisini azaltmasıyla ulaşım araçlarının kar ve buzlanmadan kaynaklı kazaların sayısını da azaltacağı düşünülmektedir. Aynı zamanda kaza nedeniyle ortaya çıkan ulaşım aksaklıklarını da minimum düzeye indireceği şüphesizdir. Tünel, yağışın fazla olduğu mevsimlerde heyelanların etkisini azaltmış ve fiziksel çözünmeden kaynaklı taş düşmelerinden dolayı oluşan yol kapanmalarına karşı alternatif bir güzergâh olmuştur. Zigana Dağı’ndan geçen ulaşım araçlarının azalmasıyla birlikte yaban ve terk edilmiş/edilmemiş evcil hayvanların kaza risklerini minimuma düşüren tünel, maddi ve manevi kazaların oluşmasını engelleyecektir.
Mapas Conceituais Colaborativos: uma ferramenta metacognitiva à aprendizagem sobre a História da Química
Authors: Cleophas Maria das Graças , Bedin Everton
Published: September 2023

Esta pesquisa investigou as potencialidades e as delimitações acerca do uso de Mapas Conceituais (MC) como ferramentas metacognitivas para o ensino e a aprendizagem da História da Química. Para tanto, elaborou-se uma proposta para o desenvolvimento de MC de forma colaborativa sobre temas previamente determinados da História da Química, com intuito de comparar os MC quando elaborados manualmente (modo analógico) e quando construído com auxílio do software CmapTools® (modo digital). Com base no desenho da proposta utilizada nesse estudo, formulou-se um modelo específico para o uso de MC em sala de aula de modo colaborativo. Empregou-se uma metodologia de natureza quali-quantitativa, que foi fundamental para validar as diferentes fases do processo de pesquisa, como coleta, análise e apresentação de dados. Os achados à luz da metacognição apontam que há nuances entre a construção de MC analógicos e MC digitais, as quais podem modificar a estrutura do conhecimento conceitual dos indivíduos.
Tibialis Posterior Tenosynovitis as a First Presenting Feature of Pre-clinical Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Pokharel Sabin
Published: September 2023

Tenosynovitis in Preclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) has been reported. The Tibialis posterior (TP) tendon is the second most commonly affected tendon in the foot and ankle in established RA, but in preclinical RA has not been reported. In this case report, we present a 27-year old lady from Dhading, Nepal, with Preclinical RA with first presentation with Tibialis posterior Tenosynovitis. She was anti-cyclic citrullinated Peptide (CCP) positive but had no arthralgia or morning stiffness. Initial treatment with Non-Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs failed to alleviate her symptoms. Methotrexate helped improve her symptoms. Keywords: Methotrexate; Rheumatoid Arthritis; Tenosynovitis; Tibialis Posterior Dysfunction
The Decline of Democracy and Parliaments in Eastern Central Europe: A Case Study on Poland
Authors: Fadhlia Maudy Noor , Makanbaeva Akbermet
Published: September 2023

The parliamentary system in Eastern Central Europe has been known for its authoritarianism, with parliaments being subordinated to communist leadership and parties, as seen in Poland. The decline of democracy in Poland reached its peak when the conservative party was in power, controlling the legislative and judiciary in this former communist country. Corruption and social inequality threatened modern democracy, leading to protests and criticism from the people. The ruling party mainly focused on economic and political power in the name of citizens, leading to criticism even from the media. The study aims to examine the decline of democracy and parliaments in eastern central Europe in Poland. The study uses a case study and qualitative approach to identify the factors behind the decline of democracy in Poland. The main issues were the credibility of state institutions and the lack of media freedom, in addition to corruption. The political change in Poland and increasing populism led to the decline of democracy, which continued to receive criticism even from the media.
Teachers' Challenges in Implementing Differentiated Instruction in Teaching English at Junior High School
Authors: Suryati Imas , Ratih Koesoemo , Maryadi Maryadi
Published: September 2023

The objective of the study was to find out the teachers’challenges in implementing Differentiated Instruction in Teaching English at Junior High School. The subject in this study was an English teacher while the object was DI’ theory by Tomlinson. Qualitative phenomenology was the method and type of approach chosen in this study. This study used interview, observation, and analysis of documentation as instruments for collecting data. The data analysis techniques used in this study were data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusions. The results of the study found that the implementation of differentiation based on content, process and product has been carried out properly as evidenced by teacher understanding, class observations and the existence of document used for teaching. Therefore the evaluation process was not only carried out on students but also in the learning process and the lesson plans used. The results for the challenges faced by teacher were time and effort in preparing and designing the learning process and lack of support from another teacher.
The Art of managing Human Resources as a Human Resource Development Strategy to Increase PT Bhinneka Tekno Sejati Employees’ Creativity
Authors: Guslina Indri
Published: September 2023

The study aims to analyze the art of managing Human Resources (HR) as an HR development strategy that can increase employee creativity at PT Bhinneka Tekno Sejati. In the face of the digital era and rapid change, effective and efficient HR management is the key to the company's success. The method used in this study is a qualitative study with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The results showed Management by Objective (MBO) improved work performance by directing behavior. These models tend to be fair because standards are expressed in relatively objective terms. This model is also fast, practical, inexpensive, and motivates workers by giving them the opportunity to cooperatively set their own goalsIn the context of PT Bhinneka Tekno Sejati, the art of managing HR has succeeded in increasing employee creativity. This can be seen from the improvement in the quality of products and services, as well as increased customer satisfaction. Therefore, companies need to continue to develop effective and efficient HR management strategies to face future challenges and opportunities.
Position of Regional Development Banks as Regional Owned Enterprises
Authors: Marenda Radhy Anugrah , Neltje Jeane
Published: September 2023

Regional-owned enterprise is a business entity established by a local government with the purpose of increasing local own-source revenue, where one of the commonly found regional-owned enterprises is a regional-owned enterprise engaged in financial service institutions. The problem that arises for regional owned enterprises engaged in financial service institutions is the overlapping provisions of the laws and regulations that govern them, so this causes legal uncertainty over the position of the Bank. So, to find out the legal certainty of the position of regional development banks, normative legal research methods are used, namely research that uses a statutory approach where the research is carried out on the provisions of the legal aspects of regional-owned enterprises, and aspects of banking law, including the legal aspects regarding limited liability companies.
Norms of Democracy and Human Rights Within ASEAN Non-Intervention Principle Analysis of FORUM-ASIA's Participation in Facilitating Dialogues for Humanitarian Conflict Resolution in Myanmar in 2021
Authors: Nirmala Ronna
Published: September 2023

The paper elaborates on the challenges civil society coalitions face in advocating for democratic norms and human rights in humanitarian conflicts in Myanmar. The article discusses the challenges the coalition, FORUM-ASIA, encountered in dealing with the non-intervention principle of ASEAN countries. The analysis in this article utilizes the concept of transnational civil society (TCS) with a qualitative method involving document studies and media reports. While the dominant power and authority of the state undermine the influence of transnational actors in advocating for the interests of marginalized groups, the article argues that transnational networks and institutions must establish cultural and ideational foundations that encompass political and social interests to drive this transformative process successfully. Another significant aspect highlighted is how these actors function as media systems, both in traditional and contemporary forms, influencing public opinion and catalyzing social change.
Government Budgetary Slack (Case Study at The Directorate General of Highways Ministry of Public Works and Housing)
Authors: Putra Adestya Bismandoko Haryantono , Nurkholis Nurkholis , Iqbal Syaiful
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study is to get an in-depth picture of how the practice of revenue budget gaps in the public sector can occur and the factors that drive it. This research uses qualitative research methods with a case study approach. Data collection was conducted through interviews and supported by documentation and direct observation, the informants involved in this study were managers responsible for the revenue budgeting process at each level. The practice of budget gaps is more aimed at avoiding the risk of not achieving the target, this is also because there is no reward and punishment system for achieving revenue targets. The results showed that pseudo-budget participation and information asympization triggered budget gaps. Factors The lack of strict supervision in the budgeting process and access to stagnant information make the budget gap continue to occur. The risk of this gap practice is that the organization does not know the true optimal potential and the loss of potential income from asset utilization.
Effect of Concentration and Application Interval of Chlorantraniliprole Active Ingredient Insecticide on Attack Intensity of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Yield of Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccaharata sturt) Plants
Authors: Subagja Rizki Ahmad , Agustiani Tanty , Hidayati Laili Nur , Yudi Jefri , Deden Deden , Dukat Dukat
Published: September 2023

Sweet corn productivity in the country is still low when compared to productivity abroad, the main factors that cause low corn yields in Indonesia are the use of local varieties, lack of soil fertility coupled with inadequate fertilization and pest and disease attacks. This experiment aims to determine the effect of Concentration and Application Interval of Chlorantraniliprole Active Ingredient Insecticide on the intensity of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) attack and yield of Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccaharata sturt). The experiment was conducted in Getasan Village, Depok District, Cirebon Regency, in January-April 2023. The research method used a factorial pattern Randomized Group Design consisting of two factors, namely concentration and application interval. The results showed that the concentration and application interval of the active ingredient Chlorantraniliprole had a significant effect on the intensity of Spodoptera frugiperda attack and the yield of sweet corn (Zea mays saccaharata sturt). Chlorantraniliprole concentration of 3 cc/liter with 2 application intervals once a day was able to reduce the intensity of Spodoptera frugiperda attack up to 9.47%. Chlorantraniliprole concentration of 2 cc/liter with 2 application intervals once was able to produce 10.8 kg/plot of corn or equivalent to 19.2 ton/h (80% effective land).
Carmela es España
Authors: Hoffman Samantha
Published: September 2023

Samantha Hoffmann wrote this article for her Spanish 302 class during the Fall of 2011.
Don Quijote: un hombre aventurero
Authors: Kivlan Kelly
Published: September 2023

Kelly Kivlan wrote this article for her Spanish 302 class during the Fall of 2012
Caro Galileo
Authors: Barahona Marvin
Published: September 2023

Marvin Barahona wrote this article for his Italian 311 class during the Fall of 2012
Galileo Galilei
Authors: Burdette Kim
Published: September 2023

Kim Burdette wrote this article for her Italian 311 class during the Spring of 2013
Iriarte y Bécque
Authors: Segarra Jeanine
Published: September 2023

Jeanine Segarra wrote this article for Spanish 321 during the Spring of 2014
Querido queso
Authors: Kirby Kate
Published: September 2023

Kate Kirby wrote this poem for Spanish 305 during Fall 2015
La mia filosofia personale
Authors: Houck Shannon
Published: September 2023

Shannon Houck wrote this article for Italian 201 during Fall 2015

These compositions were written for Italian Intermediate I in response to an assignment practicing the present subjunctive of the verb. This verb form is used to express opinions and feelings. The assigned title was “My personal philosophy."
Electra y Emma: Neurosis y maduración psicosexual en “Emma Zunz” de JL Borges
Authors: Holzinger Nora
Published: September 2023

Nora Holzinger wrote this article for Spanish 470 during Fall 2016
L'avventura
Authors: Allen Suzie
Published: September 2023

Reprint: Suzie Allen wrote this article for Italian 341 during Fall 2015
Los aviones del amor
Authors: Estrada Stephanie
Published: September 2023

Stephanie Estrada wrote this article for Spanish 302 during Spring 2018
La crítica de teatro
Authors: Clarke Andrea
Published: September 2023

Andrea Clarke wrote this review for Spanish 301 during Spring 2019
Desconfianza en los poderosos
Authors: Wolfe Scott
Published: September 2023

Scott Wolfe wrote this article for Spanish 302 during Fall 2019
El dios de las moscas
Authors: Menikheim Brooke
Published: September 2023

Brooke Menikheim wrote this article for Spanish 301 during Spring 2019
La vida te dará obstáculos
Authors: Sellers Emily
Published: September 2023

Emily Sellers wrote this article for Spanish 311 during Fall 2020
Computers 1967-2011: a personal perspective. Part 3. 1990-1994.
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

In 1986 or so, molecular modelling came of age. Richard Counts, who ran an organisation called QCPE (here I had already submitted several of the program codes I had worked on) had a few years before contacted me to ask for my help with his Roadshow. He had started these in the USA as a means of promoting QCPE, which was the then main repository of chemistry codes, and as a means of showing people how to use the codes.
The dawn of organic reaction mechanism: the prequel.
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

Following on from Armstrong’s almost electronic theory of chemistry in 1887-1890, and Beckmann’s radical idea around the same time that molecules undergoing transformations might do so via

a reaction mechanism

involving unseen intermediates (in his case, a transient enol of a ketone) I here describe how these concepts underwent further evolution in the early 1920s.
The SN1 Mechanism for a third time. Exploration of the intrinsic reaction coordinate.
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

As the title hints, I have been here before. The S

N

1 solvolysis mechanism of t-butyl chloride was central to the flourishing of physical organic chemistry from the 1920s onwards, and it appears early on in most introductory lecture courses and text books. There we teach that it is a two-stage mechanism.
Driving the smallest car ever made: a chemical perspective.
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

Fascination with nano-objects, molecules which resemble every day devices, is increasing. Thus the world’s smallest car has just been built[cite]10.1038/nature10587[/cite]. The mechanics of such a device can often be understood in terms of chemical concepts taught to most students. So I thought I would have a go at this one!
Molecular gymnastics in 2+2 cycloadditions.
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

In this earlier post, I described how the stereochemistry of π2+π2 cycloadditions occurs suprafacially if induced by light, and how one antarafacial component appears if the reaction is induced by heat alone.
The blog post as a scientific article: citation management
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

Sometimes, as a break from describing chemistry, I take to describing the (chemical/scientific) creations behind the (WordPress) blog system. It is fascinating how there do seem increasing signs of convergence between the blog post and the journal article. Perhaps prompted by transclusion of tools such as Jmol and LaTex into Wikis and blogs, I list the following interesting developments in both genres.
Steve Jobs and chemistry: a personal recollection.
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

Steve Jobs death on October 5th 2011 was followed by a remarkable number of tributes and reflections on the impact the company he founded has had on the world. Many of these tributes summarise the effect as a

visionary disruption

. Here I describe from my own perspective some of the disruptions to chemistry I experienced (for another commentary, see here). Chemical diagram, circa 1983.
Secrets of a university tutor: tetrahedral intermediates.
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

The tetrahedral intermediate is one of those iconic species on which the foundation of reaction mechanism in organic chemistry is built. It refers to a (normally undetected and hence merely inferred) species formed initially when a nucleophilic reagent attacks a carbonyl compound. Its importance to understanding the activity of enzymes cannot be overstated.
Was eine „Bearbeitung“ ist und in welchen Fällen es ohne Zustimmung der Urheber*innen geht
Authors: Fischer Georg
Published: September 2023

Wer sich mit Urheberrecht oder Lizenzen beschäftigt, stößt immer wieder auf die „Bearbeitung“. Dieser Text erklärt anhand typischer Fälle, was unter dem Begriff zu verstehen ist. Außerdem werden zustimmungsfreie Nutzungsmöglichkeiten vorgestellt, die das Urheberrecht selbst bietet.
Under the hood of a nano car: the chemistry behind a molecular motor.
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

The world’s smallest nano car was recently driven a distance of 6nm along a copper track. When I saw this, I thought it might be interesting to go under the hood and try to explain what makes its engine tick and its fuel work. The molecule above represents (I think) the essentials of the engine. Its resting geometry in the S

0

electronic state is shown below. The resting geometry of the engine.
Deutscher Bibliotheksverband fordert verbesserte Bedingungen zur Ausleihe von E-Books
Authors: Fischer Georg
Published: September 2023

In einem Offenen Brief an die Bundestagsbgeordneten beklagt der Deutsche Bibliotheksverband (DBV) die Praxis der Verlage, relevante E-Books für die digitale Ausleihe zu blockieren. Der DBV will mehr E-Book-Lizenzen für die digitale Ausleihe in öffentlichen Bibliotheken und fordert entsprechende rechtliche Grundlagen.
Secrets of a university tutor: (curly) arrow pushing
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

Curly arrows are something most students of chemistry meet fairly early on. They rapidly become hard-wired into the chemists brain. They are also uncontroversial! Or are they? Consider the following very simple scheme. Curly arrow pushing It represents protonation of an alkene by an acid.
Are close H…H contacts bonds?
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

The properties of electrons are studied by both chemists and physicists. At the boundaries of these two disciplines, sometimes interesting differences in interpretation emerge. One of the most controversial is that due to Bader (for a recent review, see DOI: 10.1021/jp102748b) a physicist who brought the mathematical rigor of electronic topology to bear upon molecules.
Was macht eigentlich … der Marrakesch-Vertrag?
Authors: Steinhau Henry
Published: September 2023

2013 beschloss die Weltorganisation für geistiges Eigentum (WIPO) einen völkerrechtlichen Vertrag über weltweite Ausnahmen im Urheberrecht: Sehbehinderte Personen sollen veröffentlichte Werke leichter nutzen können. Der Vertrag ist seit 2016 in Kraft, aber noch nicht überall geltendes Recht. In Deutschland gibt es seit 2018 entsprechende gesetzliche Regelungen, mit „befugten Stellen“ als Dreh- und Angelpunkt.
Why are α-helices in proteins mostly right handed?
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

Understanding why and how proteins fold continues to be a

grand challenge

in science. I have described how Wrinch in 1936 made a bold proposal for the mechanism, which however flew in the face of much of then known chemistry.
A modern take on the pericyclic electrocyclic ring opening of cyclobutene.
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

Woodward and Hoffmann published their milestone article  “Stereochemistry of Electrocyclic Reactions” in 1965. This brought maturity to the electronic theory of organic chemistry, arguably started by the proto-theory of Armstrong some 75 years earlier. Here, I take a modern look at the archetypal carrier of this insight, the ring opening of dimethylcyclobutene.
Was das NC-Modul im Bildungskontext bedeutet
Authors: Klimpel Paul
Published: September 2023

Das NC-Modul von Creative Commons ist beliebt, bringt aber Probleme mit sich: Etwa bei der Abgrenzung kommerziell/nicht-kommerziell. Paul Klimpel gibt Beispiele für eindeutig kommerzielle Nutzungen, erläutert Grenzfälle und erklärt, welche Schwierigkeiten durch CC NC im Bildungsbereich entstehen. Creative-Commons-Lizenzen erfreuen sich im Rahmen von Bildung und Weiterbildung großer Beliebtheit.
Framing ohne Zustimmung der Urheber*innen unzulässig – wenn diese technischen Kopierschutz einsetzen
Authors: iRights.info Redaktion
Published: September 2023

Das rechtliche Tauziehen um das Einbetten fremder Inhalte auf eigenen Webseiten geht weiter: Der Europäische Gerichtshof hat entschieden, dass beim Framing Urheberrechte verletzt werden können, wenn die einbettende Stelle dafür technische Schutzmaßnahmen der Urheber*innen umgeht.
Confirming the Fischer convention as a structurally correct representation of absolute configuration.
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

I wrote in an earlier post how Pauling’s Nobel prize-winning suggestion in February 1951 of a (left-handed) α-helical structure for proteins[cite]10.1073/pnas.37.4.205[/cite] was based on the wrong absolute configuration of the amino acids (hence his helix should really have been the right-handed enantiomer). This was most famously established a few months later by Bijvoet’s[cite]10.1038/168271a0[/cite] definitive crystallographic
Wie vertragen sich Fotos und Inhalte aus Pixabay und ähnlichen mit Creative-Commons-Lizenzen und OER?
Authors: Steinhau Henry
Published: September 2023

Mit ihrer großen Auswahl an kostenlosen Fotos sind Anbieter wie Pixabay, Pexels oder Unsplash beliebte Anlaufstellen – auch bei Lehrmedienproduzent*innen. Die spezifischen Lizenzbedingungen der Plattformen machen die Verwendung ihrer Inhalte für offene Bildungsmaterialien (OER) problematisch – aber nicht unmöglich. Foto- und Medienportale wie Pixabay, Unsplash, Pexels und ähnliche sind auch bei Lehrer*innen und Bildungsakteur*innen beliebt.
Molecular Matryoshka dolls
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

A Matryoshka doll is better known as a Russian nesting doll. They can have up to eight layers. Molecules can only emulate two layers, although see here for a good candidate for making a three-layered example (the inside layer is C

60

, which itself might encapsulate a small molecule. See also  DOI: 10.1021/ja991747w). These molecular dolls can be created out of quite simple molecules.
A golden age for (computational) spectroscopy.
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

I mentioned in my last post an unjustly neglected paper from that golden age of 1951-1953 by Kirkwood and co. They had shown that Fischer’s famous guess for the absolute configurations of organic chiral molecules was correct. The two molecules used to infer this are shown below.
Morphing an arrow-pushing tutorial into a dihydrogen bond
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

My university tutorial yesterday covered selective reductions of functional groups in organic chemistry. My thoughts on that topic have now morphed into something rather different. Scientific research has a habit of having this sort of thing happen.
Wie der „Pastiche“ ins Urheberrecht kam und was er für das kreative Schaffen bedeutet
Authors: Fischer Georg
Published: September 2023

Im Urheberrecht steht ein neuer Begriff: Der „Pastiche“. Damit sollen sich Nutzer*innen kreativ ausdrücken und fremde Inhalte rechtssicher unter bestimmten Bedingungen verwenden dürfen, etwa für Memes, Remixes oder Cosplays. Eine Annäherung, was „Pastiche“ genau meint und welche Regeln nun gelten.
Plagiat vs. Zitat: Was es bei der Übernahme fremder Gedanken zu beachten gilt
Authors: El-Auwad Maya
Published: September 2023

Sich mit fremden Gedanken schmücken, diese als eigene ausgeben – das versteht man landläufig unter einem Plagiat. Zuletzt zeigte der Fall um Annalena Baerbock: Ein Plagiat ist nicht automatisch eine Urheberrechtsverletzung, kann aber die Glaubwürdigkeit beschädigen. Zeit für eine Erläuterung, was genau ein Plagiat ist und welche Rolle das Urheberrecht beim Zitieren spielt.
Das Fediverse – die bessere Social-Media-Welt?
Authors: Rehberg Andreas
Published: September 2023

Das Fediverse ist ein Netzwerk aus Plattformen, die wie bekannte Social-Media-Dienste funktionieren – aber allen gehören. Bekannte Vertreter sind die YouTube-Alternative PeerTube und die Twitter-Alternative Mastodon. Der eine oder die andere mag bereits über das Wort Fediverse gestolpert sein und sich gefragt haben: Welcher Hype ist das denn nun wieder? Alternative Social-Media-Plattformen, die allen gehören – geht das überhaupt?
Online-Plattform „FragDenStaat” darf Glyphosat-Gutachten als Zusammenfassung veröffentlichen
Authors:   telemedicus.info
Published: September 2023

Die Zusammenfassung eines Gutachtens zum Pflanzenschutzmittel Glyphosat ist gemeinfrei, ihr Veröffentlichung stellt demnach keine Urheberrechtsverletzung dar. Der Hamburger Datenschutzbeauftragte geht gegen die Verarbeitung von WhatsApp-Nutzerdaten durch Facebook vor. Und: Die Schrems-II-Entscheidung soll zügig umgesetzt werden. Mehr dazu im Wochenrückblick.
Breakdowns in communication: the two cultures
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

In his famous lecture in 1959, C. P. Snow wrote about the breakdown in communications between the “two cultures” of modern society — the sciences and the humanities (arts). That was then. This is now, and the occasion of my visit to a spectacular “city of arts and sciences complex” in Europe. An un-missable exhibit representing science and life was the 15m high model of DNA.
The colour of Monastral blue (part 2).
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

Andy Mclean posted a comment to my story of copper phthalocyanine (Monastral blue). The issue was its colour, and more specifically why this pigment has two peaks λ

max

610 and 710nm making it blue. The first was accurately reproduced by calculation on the monomer, but the second was absent with such a model. Andy suggested this latter was due to stacking. Here, the calculated spectrum of a stacked dimer is explored.
Rundfunk in Deutschland: Wer hierzulande senden darf und was es für die Lizenz braucht
Authors: El-Auwad Maya
Published: September 2023

Der russische Sender Russia Today darf in Deutschland sein Fernsehprogramm „RT DE“ nicht mehr verbreiten, weil die dafür erforderliche medienrechtliche Zulassung fehlt. Doch in welchen Fällen handelt es sich eigentlich um Rundfunk? Wo liegt der Unterschied zwischen linear und „on demand“? Und welche Medien brauchen eine Lizenz? Ein genereller Überblick.
Blogbooks, e-books and future proofing chemical diagrams.
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

Most of the chemical structure diagrams in this blog originate from Chemdraw, which seems to have been around since the dawn of personal computers! I have tended to use this program to produce JPG bitmaps for the blog, writing them out in 4x magnification, so that they can be scaled down for display whilst retaining some measure of higher resolution if needed for other purposes.
Wie künstliche Intelligenz die Musik beeinflusst – heute und in Zukunft
Authors: iRights.info Redaktion
Published: September 2023

Viele sehen in der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) eine Gefahr – andere eine Verheißung. Auch in der Kunst ist KI längst ein Thema: Komponist*innen experimentieren mit KI-Werkzeugen – und neue Unternehmen positionieren sich mit KI-gestützter Musik bereits für zukünftige Produktionsweisen.
Scalemic molecules: a cheminformatics challenge!
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

A

scalemic

molecule is the term used by Eliel to describe any non-racemic chiral compound.
A comparison of left and right handed DNA double-helix models.
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

When Watson and Crick (WC) constructed their famous 3D model for DNA, they had to decide whether to make the double helix left or right handed.
Violations. There are none!
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

Thus famously wrote Woodward and Hoffmann (WH) in their classic monograph about the conservation of orbital symmetry in pericyclic reactions.
Introducing the BEFData package
Authors: Ram Karthik
Published: September 2023

This is a guest post by Class-Thido Pfaff

We here present the BEFdata R package as part of the rOpenSci project. It is an API package that combines the strengths of the BEFdata portal in handling small, complex datasets with the powerful statics package R. The portal itself is free software as well and can be found here.
The Sn1…Sn2 mechanistic continuum. The special case of neopentyl bromide
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

Introductory organic chemistry invariably features the mechanism of haloalkane solvolysis, and introduces both the

Sn1

two-step mechanism, and the

Sn2

one step mechanism to students. They are taught to balance electronic effects (the stabilization of carbocations) against steric effects in order to predict which mechanism prevails.
The Cyclol Hypothesis for protein structure: castles in the air.
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

Most scientific theories emerge slowly, over decades, but others emerge fully formed virtually overnight as it were (think Einstein in 1905). A third category is the supernova type, burning brightly for a short while, but then vanishing (almost) without trace shortly thereafter.
Is there a difference between a scientific blog and scientific journal?
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

In my blogroll, I link to Tim Gowers’ blog. He is a very eminent mathematician, and so it is interesting to see what motivates him to write a blog about mathematics. This latest post goes a large way to explaining why. He starts by speculating about the features of some piece of research that might render it conventionally unpublishable, highlighting two reasons; (1) it is not original and (2) it does not lead anywhere conclusive.
Déjà vu: Pirkle for a third time!
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

This molecule is not leaving me in peace. It and I first met in 1990 (DO: 10.1039/C39910000765), when we spotted the two unusual π-facial bonds formed when it forms a loose dimer.
Computational “reality checks” for mechanistic speculations.
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

I have mentioned Lewis a number of times in these posts; his suggestion of the shared electron covalent bond still underpins much chemical thinking. Take for example mechanistic speculations on the course of a reaction, a very common indulgence in almost all articles reporting such, and largely based on informed * arrow pushing*. This process is bound to follow the rules of reasonable Lewis structures for any putative intermediates.
Ganz tief im Archiv: Wie das Internet Archive eine Viertelmillion Schallplatten digitalisiert
Authors: Fischer Georg
Published: September 2023

Das US-amerikanische Internet Archive bewahrt Kulturschätze – Bücher, Filme, Webseiten, Software und natürlich auch Musik. Ein kürzlich veröffentlichtes Video zeigt, wie die Digitalisierung alter Schallplatten im Einzelnen abläuft. Gut 250.000 Schallplatten sind digital beim „Great 78 Project“ abrufbar.
(anti)aromaticity avoided: a tutorial example
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

More inspiration from tutorials. In a lecture on organic aromaticity, the 4n+2/4n Hückel rule was introduced (in fact, neither rule appears to have actually been coined in this form by Hückel himself!). The simplest examples are respectively the cyclopropenyl cation and anion. The former has 2 π-electrons exhibiting cyclic delocalisation, and the 4n+2 (n=0) rule predicts aromaticity.
Blogs, Twitter, Wikis and other on-line tools: the movie!
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

Libraries (and librarians) are evolving rapidly. Thus a week or so ago one of our dynamic librarians here, approached some PhD students and academics to ask them how they used “

Web 2.0

” (thanks Jenny!). The result was edited (thanks John!) and uploaded, where you can see it below (embedded in this post, I might add, using HTML5). No doubt there is more of this genre to come.
rOpenSci updates on packages and the website
Authors: Chamberlain Scott
Published: September 2023

We’ve been busy We have been busy hacking away at code and our website. Here is an update on what we’ve been up to.Packages

rplos/alm

PLoS provides two different API services: the Search API and ALM API. As their names suggest, the search API lets you search and get text from their papers and associated metadata. The ALM API allows you to get article level metrics data on PLoS papers.
The colour of purple is … not orange but mauve?
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

My previous post on the topic of mauveine left the outcome dangling. Put simply, λ

max

is measured at about 549nm for mauveine A, but was calculated at about 440nm using a modern method for predicting colour (TD-DFT). According to the colour table below, that would make it orange, not mauve. Can the theoretical prediction be out by 110nm, or might it be the structure of the molecule itself that has been wrongly described?
Historical detective stories: colourful crystals.
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

Organic chemists have been making (more or less pure) molecules for the best part of 180 years. Occasionally, these ancient samples are unearthed in cupboards, and then the hunt for their origin starts. I have previously described tracking down the structure of a 120 year-old sample of a naphthalene derivative. But I visited a colleague's office today, and recollected having seen a well-made wooden display cabinet there on a previous visit.
EU-Parlamentarier*innen gegen Web-Tracking, Bundestag für Bestandsdatenauskunft, Schadensersatz wegen Schufa-Meldung
Authors:   telemedicus.info
Published: September 2023

Mit Daten- und Verbraucherschutz befassen sich drei Meldungen der vergangenen Woche: Im EU-Parlament gründet sich eine fraktionsübergreifende Koalition gegen Tracking in Online-Werbung, der Bundestag beschließt eine erweiterte Bestandsdatenauskunft, wegen einer widerrechtlichen Schufa-Meldung muss eine Bank Schadensersatz zahlen.
A modern take on pericyclic sigmatropic migrations.
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

Another common type of pericyclic reaction is the migration of hydrogen or carbon along a conjugated chain, as in the [1,3] migration of a carbon as shown below. As before, I explore the stereochemistry of the thermal and photochemical reactions.
Das bringt der Herbst: „Zugang gestalten!“, OA-Tage, Symposium Verwertungsgesellschaften und mehr
Authors: iRights.info Redaktion
Published: September 2023

Der Sommer neigt sich dem Ende zu und bei vielen füllen sich nicht nur die Straßen mit Laub, sondern auch die Kalender mit Terminen: September, Oktober und November sind beliebte Monate für Tagungen und Workshops. Das gilt auch für die Urheberrechts- und netzpolitische Szene. Ein kleiner Überblick, was im Herbst Spannendes ansteht.
Computers 1967-2011: a personal perspective. Part 1. 1967-1985.
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

Computers and I go back a while (44 years to be precise), and it struck me (with some horror) that I have been around them for ~62% of the modern computing era (Babbage notwithstanding, ~1940 is normally taken as the start of the modern computing era). So indulge me whilst I record this perspective from the viewpoint of the computers I have used over this 62% of the computing era.
Sicher ausweisen: Was es bei Personalausweis-Kopien und Online-Verifizierung zu beachten gibt
Authors: Ketterer Alexandra
Published: September 2023

In Deutschland ist man dazu verpflichtet, einen amtlichen Identitätsnachweis zu besitzen, etwa einen Personalausweis oder Reisepass. Viele Stellen verlangen auch Ausweiskopien oder benutzen Verfahren zur Online-Verifizierung. Wann ist so etwas überhaupt zulässig? Und was sollten Inhaber*innen beachten? Ein Blick auf die aktuellen Regelungen.
The “shocking” Xe-Au bond.
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: September 2023

Chemistry rarely makes it to the cover of popular science magazines. Thus when this week, the New Scientist ran the headline “

Forbidden chemistry. Reactions they said could never happen

”, I was naturally intrigued. The examples included Woodward and Hoffmann’s “

symmetry-forbidden

” reactions, which have been the subject of several posts here already.
Verfügbar, aber nicht zugänglich – Wie das Patentrecht einer Impfstoff-Verteilung im Wege steht
Authors: Fischer Georg
Published: September 2023

Seit kurzem sind Impfstoffe gegen das Covid19-Virus verfügbar. Bei den Diskussionen um deren Verteilung geht es oft um Produktionskapazitäten. Nach Ansicht von Expert*innen leidet die Zugänglichkeit aber vor allem unter dem Patentschutz, an dem die Pharmafirmen – trotz staatlicher Vorfinanzierungen – stoisch festhalten.
Aussetzen von Impfstoffpatenten als Innovationskiller? Nicht so schnell!
Authors: Dobusch Leonhard
Published: September 2023

Angesichts der globalen Corona-Pandemie ist eine Diskussion über den Sinn rigider Patente für Impfstoffe entbrannt. Eigentlich sollen Patente Innovationen in der Arzneimittelherstellung ankurbeln. Gleichzeitig scheinen sie einer effektiven Bekämpfung der Seuche im Weg zu stehen. Leonhard Dobusch plädiert in seiner Analyse für mehr Mut in der Freigabe.
Fünf Tipps für die re:publica 21 (online, 20. – 22. Mai)
Authors: Fischer Georg
Published: September 2023

In diesem Jahr findet die re:publica aufgrund der Pandemie ausschließlich in digitalen Formaten statt. Eine kleine Zusammenstellung von einigen besonders spannenden Vorträgen und Diskussionsrunden – nicht nur, aber auch zu Urheberrecht und netzpolitischen Themen.
Wozu es Creative-Commons-Lizenzen braucht und wie genau sie funktionieren
Authors: iRights.info Redaktion
Published: September 2023

Seit kurzem bietet Creative Commons eine umfangreiche deutsche Hilfeseite an, die häufig gestellte Fragen rund um CC beantwortet und Informationen zur Nutzung offener Lizenzen gibt. iRights.info stellt die deutschen FAQs vor: Der erste Teil erläutert, was Creative-Commons-Lizenzen leisten und wie sie funktionieren.
Faire Verträge für Verbraucher*innen: Das bringt das neue Gesetz
Authors: El-Auwad Maya
Published: September 2023

Ein neues Gesetz soll Verbraucher*innen „faire Verträge“ garantieren. Dabei geht es um Verbraucherverträge des alltäglichen Lebens, etwa für Handys, Zeitungsabos oder Fitnessstudios: Solche Verträge sollen künftig kürzere Laufzeiten und flexiblere Kündigungsfristen haben. Verbraucher*innen sind häufig vertraglich an viele verschiedene Dienstleister gebunden.
Suchmaschine Startpage kurz vorgestellt
Authors: Redaktion mobilsicher
Published: September 2023

Die niederländische Suchmaschine nutzt die Trefferliste der Google-Suche und hält ihre Suchenden anonym. Finanziert wird das Angebot durch nicht personalisierte Werbung. Seit 2021 bietet Startpage auch eine Funktion für die Wettervorhersage und ein Übersetzungs-Tool. Startpage nennt sich „die sicherste Suchmaschine der Welt“. Der Dienst startete 1998 unter dem Namen Ixquick und wurde 2006 in Startpage umbenannt.