bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Importance of Soft Skills for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises – Evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Petrović Jadranka , Maric Milica
Published: February 2025

This article investigates the importance of soft skills for starting and successfully running small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Using data collected from a survey of 71 upper-level managers from enterprises operating in BiH, complemented by qualitative insights from a focus group on the same subject, the study examines the perception of importance of the skills such as leadership, communication, emotional intelligence, problem-solving, and teamwork. Statistical analyses, including descriptive analysis, Spearman correlation coefficients, Chi-square tests, and Fisher’s Exact tests, reveal that most soft skills are highly valued by SMEs, with slight differences in perceived importance. Communication skills emerged as the most important, reflecting their central role in fostering productive business interactions. The conducted analyses also indicate that the desirable set of soft skills does not change with the company size, except for the leadership skill. Leadership shows a moderate positive correlation with company size, indicating its increasing importance in larger organizations. Qualitative findings confirm the importance of soft skills for starting and managing businesses, with emphasis on communication and problem-solving skills.
Bioanalytical method validation of rifapentine and its metabolite in human plasma using the LC-MS/MS method, as well as its application to a pharmacokinetics study
Authors: Parghale Rutuja , Inapakolla Radhika , Tikka Vijay Durga Rao , Suvvaru Rajesh Kumar , Date Pradnya , Gawade Vaishnavi , Anil Ande , Jagdale Swati Changdeo
Published: February 2025

A highly sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS technique was developed. It is validated for quantifying rifapentine and 25-desacetyl rifapentine in K2EDTA human plasma. The concentration ranges are 60.061 ng/ml to 8008.134 ng/ml for Rifapentine and 30.000 ng/ml to 4000.015 ng/ml for 25-desacetyl rifapentine. The separation of analytes were achieved using reverse phase chromatography employing a Supelco discovery C18 column (10 cm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size). Detection was performed via electro spray ionization in positive ion mode [M+H]+. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, with multiple reaction monitoring of specific ions for each analyte and their respective deuterated internal standards (IS) were used. Retention times for rifapentine and 25-desacetyl rifapentine were 2.45 minutes and 1.77 minutes, respectively. The retention time for the IS rifapentine D9 and 25-desacetyl rifapentine D8 were 2.30 minutes and 1.68 minutes, respectively. The total run time of the method was 8.00 minutes. No interfering peaks or matrix effects were noticed during validation, confirming the reliability of the results. The validation report encompasses standard curves, quality control sample recovery, stability of experiments, and meeting stringent criteria for sensitivity, reproducibility, and accuracy. This method has been effectively used in a rifapentine bioequivalency study with healthy adult Asian male volunteers, highlighting its suitability for pharmacokinetic investigations.
Aqueous root extract of Salacia oblonga ameliorates experimental diabetes by upregulation of PDX1 expression and alpha-to-beta cell trans-differentiation
Authors: Anbumani Senthil Kumar , Shankaranarayanan Abarajitha , Thomson Jones Eben Raj , Sadayan Santhosh , Subramanian Manickam
Published: February 2025

The global rise in diabetes has spurred interest in plant-based treatments. The plant Salacia oblonga exhibits antidiabetic activity by inhibiting alpha-glucosidase and stimulating insulin secretion. The transcription factor pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) is vital for beta cell stimulation, neogenesis, and insulin secretion. This study evaluated the impact of Salacia oblonga on insulin and glucagon secretion and PDX1 expression. Streptozotocin-induced male Wistar albino diabetic rats received glibenclamide (2 mg/kg) and aqueous extract of S. oblonga root (200 mg/kg) orally for 8 weeks. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, glucagon, lipid profiles, and renal markers, were analyzed. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and PDX1 protein and gene expression in the pancreas were also assessed. Salacia oblonga significantly reduced fasting blood glucose and enhanced insulin and glucagon secretion in diabetic rats. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed recovery from streptozotocin-induced damage and increased numbers of beta and alpha cells. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses showed upregulation of PDX1 expression. Increased alpha cell mass and glucagon and insulin expression indicated alpha-to-beta cell trans-differentiation. Salacia oblonga root extract exhibited antidiabetic properties by upregulating PDX1 expression and promoting alpha-to-beta cell trans-differentiation. It also corrected fat and protein metabolism disturbances, highlighting its potential in preventing diabetic complications and making it a promising candidate for further diabetes research.
Pharmacologic activation of integrated stress response kinases inhibits pathologic mitochondrial fragmentation
Authors: Baron Kelsey R , Oviedo Samantha , Krasny Sophia , Zaman Mashiat , Aldakhlallah Rama , Bora Prerona , Mathur Prakhyat , Pfeffer Gerald , Bollong Michael J , Shutt Timothy E , Grotjahn Danielle A , Wiseman R Luke
Published: February 2025

Excessive mitochondrial fragmentation is associated with the pathologic mitochondrial dysfunction implicated in the pathogenesis of etiologically diverse diseases, including many neurodegenerative disorders. The integrated stress response (ISR) – comprising the four eIF2α kinases PERK, GCN2, PKR, and HRI – is a prominent stress-responsive signaling pathway that regulates mitochondrial morphology and function in response to diverse types of pathologic insult. This suggests that pharmacologic activation of the ISR represents a potential strategy to mitigate pathologic mitochondrial fragmentation associated with human disease. Here, we show that pharmacologic activation of the ISR kinases HRI or GCN2 promotes adaptive mitochondrial elongation and prevents mitochondrial fragmentation induced by the calcium ionophore ionomycin. Further, we show that pharmacologic activation of the ISR reduces mitochondrial fragmentation and restores basal mitochondrial morphology in patient fibroblasts expressing the pathogenic D414V variant of the pro-fusion mitochondrial GTPase MFN2 associated with neurological dysfunctions, including ataxia, optic atrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss. These results identify pharmacologic activation of ISR kinases as a potential strategy to prevent pathologic mitochondrial fragmentation induced by disease-relevant chemical and genetic insults, further motivating the pursuit of highly selective ISR kinase-activating compounds as a therapeutic strategy to mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction implicated in diverse human diseases.
Glucokinase activity controls peripherally located subpopulations of β-cells that lead islet Ca2+ oscillations
Authors: Jin Erli , Briggs Jennifer K , Benninger Richard KP , Merrins Matthew J
Published: February 2025

Oscillations in insulin secretion, driven by islet Ca2+ waves, are crucial for glycemic control. Prior studies, performed with single-plane imaging, suggest that subpopulations of electrically coupled β-cells have privileged roles in leading and coordinating the propagation of Ca2+ waves. Here, we used three-dimensional (3D) light-sheet imaging to analyze the location and Ca2+ activity of single β-cells within the entire islet at >2 Hz. In contrast with single-plane studies, 3D network analysis indicates that the most highly synchronized β-cells are located at the islet center, and remain regionally but not cellularly stable between oscillations. This subpopulation, which includes ‘hub cells’, is insensitive to changes in fuel metabolism induced by glucokinase and pyruvate kinase activation. β-Cells that initiate the Ca2+ wave (leaders) are located at the islet periphery, and strikingly, change their identity over time via rotations in the wave axis. Glucokinase activation, which increased oscillation period, reinforced leader cells and stabilized the wave axis. Pyruvate kinase activation, despite increasing oscillation frequency, had no effect on leader cells, indicating the wave origin is patterned by fuel input. These findings emphasize the stochastic nature of the β-cell subpopulations that control Ca2+ oscillations and identify a role for glucokinase in spatially patterning ‘leader’ β-cells.
A Systematic Review of Public Relations Strategies in Ghanaian Universities: Implication for Higher Education Management
Authors: Opoku Christina Maame Pomaah
Published: February 2025

In the competitive landscape of higher education, the corporate image of universities plays a pivotal role in attracting students, faculty, funding, and partnerships. This study examines the public relations strategies employed by the Universities to manage its corporate image. The term public relations or PR is a broad one and it has been conceptualised by different scholars in diverse ways. One of the most simplified definitions of the term was put forward that any attempt to portray oneself to others in a particular way is considered PR. Public relations is a strategic managerial activity that aims to establish and sustain mutually advantageous connections between an organisation and the general public. The outcome of these efforts significantly impacts the overall performance and outcomes of the organisation. Public relations play a vital role in the promotion and communication strategies. Furthermore, the author asserts that despite its significant potential in enhancing public awareness, cultivating market preferences, and protecting market products, its use remains rather seldom. The potential benefits of incorporating public relations as a strategic tool for enhancing corporate promotion have often been underestimated, resulting in missed opportunities for campaign success. The bulk of professions in existence today can be attributed to their roots in America and Europe, and public relations is no exception to this trend. In Nigeria, the field of public relations is seen as a significant economic function. It is noteworthy to acknowledge that the origins of public relations practise in both the United States and the United Kingdom can be traced back to the 19th century. The early initiation of Public Relations in these nations may contribute to the high level of professionalism observed in the field. This study contributes to the understanding of public relations in higher education institutions and provides practical insights for universities and similar institutions seeking to enhance their corporate image.
Effects of Spacing and Planting Method on Growth and Yield of Radish (Raphanus Sativus L) Under Contrasting Conditions of Dry and Wet Seasons
Authors: M. Hudu, , H.S. Hamisu, , Z. Shuaibu, , A. Muhammad, , M.S. Garko, , M.A. Yawale, , R.S. Shawai, , G. Saidu, , B.M. Ilallah, , M.A. Bukar, , Sanusi Halliru , B. Mohammed,
Published: February 2025

Radish (Raphanus sativus) is an edible vegetable root which is loaded with numerous health benefits due to its richness in nutrients, minerals, vitamins, folic acid, and anthocyanin. Inappropriate cultural practices, such as planting techniques and suitable plant populations, are causing a decline in radish productivity in Nigeria. Field experiments were conducted at National Horticultural Research Institute Research Farms during 2019/2020 dry and wet seasons, to study the effects of spacing and planting methods on growth and yield of radish (Raphanus sativus) under contrasting conditions of dry and wet seasons. Three spacings (10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm) and two planting methods (Direct sowing and transplanting) were investigated. The experiments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results revealed no significant differences for all studied traits at different spacings and planting methods under dry and wet conditions. However, the highest number of leaves per plant, plant height, and leaf length per plant were observed in 10 cm in both direct sowing and transplanting under dry and wet seasons. Direct sowing at higher spacings (15 cm and 20 cm) gave highest canopy spread, tuber length, tuber diameter and tuber weight compared to transplanting under both seasons’ conditions. Correlation showed significant positive associations of number of leaves per plant with leaf length and canopy spread while tuber weight showed significant positive correlations with tuber length and tuber diameter. The results of this study revealed that direct sowing at the spacing of 10cm under dry and wet seasons gave highest growth traits while 20cm provides high root tuber yield of the radish.
Sensory Evaluation of Wheat Flour Blends Enriched with Finger Millet for Calcium Fortification
Authors: Randive Nidhi , Pangerkar Pranali , Thakker Varsha , Warrier Shreya , Thakur Madhura , Ramesh Anuradha , Rao Prakash , Madan Jagmeet , Udipi S A
Published: February 2025

Aims: To enrich wheat flour, a calcium-poor staple cereal with finger millet (in three different combinations) to enhance the calcium content, and to determine acceptability of the blends.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration: SVT College of Home Science and KHS-Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, between July and November 2021.
Methodology: We developed blends of finger millet + wheat flour in three ratios: 50:50, 60:40, and 70:30, respectively. These were evaluated by 28 semi-trained panellists using the 9-point hedonic scale for color, texture, taste, aroma, overall acceptability, and the ranking test. Additionally, a consumer panel consisting of 722 housewives evaluated the flour blends using three tests: Just-about-right (JAR) scales, Food Action Rating (FACT) Scale and Pictorial Scale.
Results: Semi-trained panel: As the proportion of finger millet flour increased in the blends, the mean hedonic scores were lower for texture, taste, aroma and overall acceptability. The most preferred blend was the one containing equal amounts of wheat flour and finger millet flour.
Consumer Panel: On the JAR scale, mean values for colour, texture, taste and overall acceptability suggested that the 60:40 blend was felt to be ‘just about right’. The FACT scale indicated that majority of consumers were willing to purchase the 50:50 blend, although more than half were willing to purchase all three blends. Results of the Pictorial scale indicated that majority of housewives rated the blends as ‘good’ and ‘super good’. The 50:50 blend was given the first rank by a higher percentage of consumer panellists.
Conclusion: Among the three blends, the 50:50 flour blend was the most acceptable. This blend contains 147.5 mg of calcium/100gm of flour contributing to 18.4% of EAR. This blend can be used in various traditional Indian and bakery products so that consumers will have access to more nutritious flours.
Simple Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Capsaicin in Chilis and Spicy Sauces
Authors: González-Leal Maricela , López-de-Alba Pedro Luis , Miranda Saúl Verdugo , Moller José Alberto Duarte
Published: February 2025

A simple extractive-spectrophotometric method for the determination of Capsaicin in chilis and spicy sauces was developed. A rapid method to determining capsaicin content of capsicum fruits is desirable so that plant breeders, growers, seed companies, and especially pepper processors must be able to quickly estimate the relative pungency of their raw products to have reasonable quality assurance in their finished products. The spectral behavior of Capsaicinoids (CAP) in the micellar system of surfactants was investigated. An analytical method is proposed for the determination of CAP based on the use of Adogen-464 in toluene and measurement of the absorbance of the organic extract at 286 nm.  The calibration graph was linear from 4 to 44 mg mL-1 of CAP; the detection and quantification limits were 0.259 and 0.865 mg ml-1, respectively. The method was applied to analysis of Capsaicinoids in several commercial and natural food products.
Documentation of Insect-pests in Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus) in Kerala and Their Management
Authors: Yasasvi Paladugu , Paul Ambily , Kumar Gadde Anil , N Anitha
Published: February 2025

Surveys were conducted across three districts of Kerala, namely Thiruvananthapuram, Thrissur and Wayanad, to document the insect pests and natural enemies associated with gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus) cultivars. The major pests identified were aphids (Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas), scales (Icerya sp.), thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood and Haplothrips sp.), and mites (Tetranychus sp.). Natural enemies recorded included spiders such as Plexippus paykulli (Audouin), Theridion sp., Oxyopes birmanicus (Thorell) and Ptocassius sp. Further, the efficacy of various insecticide treatments was evaluated under polyhouse conditions at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram for the management of Tetranychus sp. and S. dorsalis in gerbera. The results demonstrated that spiromesifen 22.9% SC applied at 96 g a.i./ha was highly effective in managing mites and thrips, offering a promising solution for pest management in gerbera cultivation.
Phytosociological Studies on Arboreal Plant Species in Ramshehar Range of Nalagarh Forest Division, Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Jishtu Vaneet , Minakshi  , Bhushan Brij , Thakur Neerja , Kumar Pankaj
Published: February 2025

The present study was conducted in the Ramshehar range of the Nalagarh Forest Division to examine the variation in species composition, diversity, and structure of arboreal plant species along an altitudinal gradient. Field visits were conducted in the study area from March 2023 to September 2024. The Ramshehar range forests exhibit two forest types: Northern dry mixed deciduous forests (5B/C2) and Himalayan subtropical pine forests (9/C1a), spanning an altitudinal range from 450 m to 1200 m amsl. To analyse the arboreal vegetation composition, stratified random sampling was adopted. Various phytosociological and diversity indices have been used to get the vegetation composition of arboreal species in all three elevations. A total of 79 woody species, comprising 46 trees and 33 shrubs belonging to 35 families and 69 genera were recorded from the region. Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, Moraceae, and Lamiaceae were found to be the top 5 dominant families. Species exhibit significant composition and phytosociological attributes differences across the three elevation zones. The lower altitudinal zone (Zone I) showed the highest species diversity and richness for trees, while the middle altitudinal zone (Zone II) showed the highest species diversity and richness for shrubs, as indicated by various diversity indices. The density value ranges between 480 Individual ha-1 to 530 Individual ha-1 for trees and 5170 Individual ha-1 to 7320 Individual ha-1 for shrubs. Shannon Weiner Diversity Index value ranged between 1.97 to 2.80 for trees and 2.57 to 3.05 for shrubs. Simpson’s concentration of dominance values ranged between 0.10 to 0.29 for trees and 0.08 to 0.11.for shrubs The current study provides baseline information on the phytosociological diversity of arboreal plant species, aiding forest managers and policymakers in developing conservation strategies and also for the sustainable use of native species.
Pola Komunikasi Antara Orang Tua dan Siswa Setelah Diterapkannya Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ) Saat Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Nurjanah Sarah Annisa , Ayuningtyas Fitria
Published: February 2025

Pembelajaran jarak jauh (PJJ) menjadi solusi yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah berdasarkan Surat Edaran Nomor 4 Tahun 2020 tentang pelaksanaan pendidikan dalam masa darurat sebagai alternatif dalam dunia pendidikan demi mengurangi penyebaran COVID-19. Pembelajaran jarak jauh ini membuat orang tua dan anak semakin sering berinteraksi karena menjadi sering bertemu di rumah. Siswa melakukan pembelajaran secara daring dan kehilangan waktu intens bersama para guru di sekolah. Sedangkan sebagai siswa kelas 12, para siswa harus mempersiapkan diri untuk berbagai ujian dan pemilihan jurusan kuliah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola komunikasi yang digunakan oleh orang tua dengan siswa kelas 12 setelah diterapkannya Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah lima orang tua dan lima siswa kelas 12 yang bertempat tinggal di Jakarta Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologi untuk melihat pengalaman orang tua dan siswa kelas 12 dalam berkomunikasi setelah ditetapkannya pembelajaran jarak jauh. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pandemi ini membuat anak dan orang tua menjadi lebih dekat dan terbuka, hubungan yang terjalin pun oleh keduanya pun semakin erat. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa 1 keluarga menerapkan pola komunikasi otoriter, 1 keluarga menerapkan pola komunikasi permisif, 2 keluarga menerapkan pola komunikasi demokratis dan 1 keluarga lainnya menerapkan pola komunikasi kebapakan. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dalam penelitian ini bahwa tidak adanya perubahan pola komunikasi yang terjadi pada keadaan normal maupun pada saat pandemi. Meskipun diketahui terdapat perubahan emosi dan tingkah laku yang terjadi pada beberapa individu.
Dissecting the Ca2+ dependence of DesA1 function in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Savanagouder Mamata , Mukku Ravi Prasad , Kiran Uday , Yeruva Chaitanya Veena , Nagarajan Nandhini , Sharma Yogendra , Raghunand Tirumalai R.
Published: May 2024

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) has a complex cell wall, composed largely of mycolic acids, that are crucial to its structural maintenance. The M. tb desaturase A1 (DesA1) is an essential Ca2+‐binding protein that catalyses a key step in mycolic acid biosynthesis. To investigate the structural and functional significance of Ca2+ binding, we introduced mutations at key residues in its Ca2+‐binding βγ‐crystallin motif to generate DesA1F303A, E304Q, and F303A‐E304Q. Complementation of a conditional ΔdesA1 strain of Mycobacterium smegmatis, with the Ca2+ non‐binders F303A or F303A‐E304Q, failed to rescue its growth phenotype; these complements also exhibited enhanced cell wall permeability. Our findings highlight the criticality of Ca2+ in DesA1 function, and its implicit role in the maintenance of mycobacterial cellular integrity.
IC&RC affirms importance of SUD‐specific workforce, including new peer credential
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2024

Forget about the meaningless term “behavioral health” (even though you'll see it everywhere). It's not a standard of care for people with addiction. This is especially true for peers. Would you want someone with depression you in your recovery from addiction? Or, would you want someone with addiction helping you in your recovery from depression?
CADCA: Primary prevention workers need education, better pay, recognition
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2024

Prevention in the substance use disorder area falls into two main categories: primary and secondary. Primary prevention means preventing substance use before it starts, and this is normally not stressed in education programs. CADCA, which specializes in primary prevention as an organization, would like to see more emphasis and a much larger investment in education, training and technical assistance, consultant Sue Thau told ADAW last week. In addition, prevention professionals need to be recognized “as being on a highly skilled career path, with expanded job opportunities and competitive wages.”
Effects of Dalcroze Eurhythmics Exercise Versus Multicomponent Exercise on Physical and Cognitive Function, and Falls in Older Adults: The EPHYCOS Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hars Mélany , Fernandez Natalia , Herrmann François , Rizzoli René , Ferrari Serge , Graf Christophe , Vuilleumier Patrik , Trombetti Andrea
Published: May 2024

Currently, robust evidence is lacking to support one exercise type over another in the prevention of physical and cognitive decline and falls among older adults, primarily because of the lack of comparative trials of proven interventions. Therefore, a 12‐month randomized, single‐blind, comparative effectiveness trial is conducted, in which 142 older adults at high risk for falls are randomized (1:1) to receive an evidence‐based Dalcroze Eurhythmics (DE) exercise program (once weekly, group‐based) or an evidence‐based multicomponent (MULTI) exercise program incorporating balance, functional, and strength training activities (twice weekly, group‐ and home‐based), for 12 months. The primary outcome is gait variability under dual‐task at 12 months. At 12 months, the DE group has significant improvements compared with MULTI group on gait under both dual‐task (adjusted β for stride variability: −2.3, 95%CI, −3.1 to −1.4; p < 0.001) and single‐task, and on a variety of secondary physical and cognitive/executive function outcomes. The adjusted hazard ratio for falls is 0.58 (95%CI, 0.37 to 0.93) for the DE group compared with MULTI group. In conclusion, DE exercise is more effective than MULTI exercise in improving physical and cognitive function and reducing falls in older adults. The mechanisms underlying DE exercise‐induced benefits remain to be fully elucidated.
Tensile Deformation Behaviors and Microstructure Evolution Under Various Temperatures for MAR‐M247 Nickel‐Based Superalloy
Authors: Jiang Yunqing , Zou Tongfei , Liu Meng , Wang Quanyi , Pei Yubing , Zhang Hong , Liu Yongjie , Wang Qingyuan
Published: May 2024

The study aims to analyze the tensile behavior and microstructural changes in MAR‐M247 nickel‐based superalloy across different temperatures. Tensile behavior is examined under a constant strain rate of 2.5 × 10−4 s−1 at varying temperatures. Results indicate a temperature‐dependent nature of the alloy's tensile properties. At 550 °C, a Portevin–Le Chatelier effect is observed, attributed to twinning nucleation and carbon atom diffusion. Dynamic recrystallization occurs at 950 °C, manifesting in a sinusoidal stress–strain curve. At room temperature, the primary fracture mechanism involves dislocation shearing in the γ matrix, with minor dislocation shearing in the γ′ phase. At 550 °C, carbides along grain boundaries and the γ′ phase impede dislocation motion. Concurrently, dislocations shear the γ′ phase, leading to the formation of superlattice intrinsic stacking faults and Kear–Wilsdorf locks, thereby enhancing tensile strength. However, at 950 °C, dislocation motion primarily involves climb, carbides decompose, the γ′ phase softens and enlarges, resulting in a notable decrease in tensile strength.
Spatially Axial Boron Coordinated Single‐Atom Nanozymes with Boosted Multi‐Enzymatic Performances for Periodontitis Treatment
Authors: Liu Wendong , Shi Enyu , Wu Hao , Liang Yanjie , Chen Mingyue , Zhang Hongyan , Zhang Ruizhong , Li Xiyan , Wang Yinsong , Zhang Libing
Published: May 2024

Single‐atom nanozymes (SAzymes) have made significant strides in antibacterial treatment but fall short as natural enzyme and drug replacements due to limited catalytic performance. Here, a rational strategy is presented for incorporating spatially axial boron (B) ligands to effectively modulate the local coordination environment of planar Fe─N4 motifs (Fe─B/N─C SAzymes). With electronic modulation, the Fe─B/N─C SAzymes exhibit significantly enhanced oxidase‐, peroxidase‐, and catalase‐like activities. Theoretical calculations highlight that the spatially axial B ligands effectively adjust the charge distribution around the planar Fe─N4 active center, which facilitates the heterolysis of H2O2 and the desorption of O2, resulting in accelerated H2O2 decomposition. Furthermore, the intrinsic photothermal effect of Fe─B/N─C SAzymes enhances multienzyme‐like activities, rapidly generating abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS), and achieving chemodynamic/photothermal synergistic therapy for impressive disinfection against periodontal‐related pathogenic bacteria. These findings offer a distinctive viewpoint for optimizing the local coordination environment of SAzymes with axial ligand to enhance their catalytic performance and effectiveness in periodontitis therapy.
A Hydrogel Dressing Comprised of Silk Fibroin, Ag Nanoparticles, and Reduced Graphene Oxide for NIR Photothermal‐Enhanced Antibacterial Efficiency and Skin Regeneration
Authors: Yan Shaorong , Xu Shuo , Wang Yu , You Jun , Guo Chuanlong , Wu Xiaochen
Published: May 2024

Bacterial infection, inflammation, and excessive oxidative stress are the primary factors that contribute to delayed healing of skin wounds. In this study, a multifunctional wound dressing (SF/Ag@rGO hydrogel) is developed to promote the healing of infected skin wounds by combining the inherent antibacterial activity of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) with near‐infrared (NIR)‐assisted antibacterial therapy. Initially, L‐ascorbic acid is used as a reducing agent and PVP‐K17 as a stabilizer and dispersant, this facilitates the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide loaded with Ag NPs (Ag@rGO). Ag@rGO is then blended with a silk fibroin (SF) solution to form an instantly gelling SF/Ag@rGO hydrogel that exhibits rapid self‐healing, injectability, shape adaptability, NIR responsiveness, antioxidant, high tissue adhesion, and robust mechanical properties. In vitro and in vivo experiments show that the SF/Ag@rGO hydrogel demonstrates strong antioxidant and photothermal antibacterial capabilities, promoting wound healing through angiogenesis, stimulating collagen generation, alleviating inflammation, antioxidant, and promoting cell proliferation, indicating that the SF/Ag@rGO hydrogel dressing is an ideal candidate for clinical treatment of full‐thickness bacterial‐stained wounds.
Bio‐Inspired Sensory Receptors for Artificial‐Intelligence Perception
Authors: Bag Atanu , Ghosh Gargi , Sultan M. Junaid , Chouhdry Hamna Haq , Hong Seok Ju , Trung Tran Quang , Kang Geun‐Young , Lee Nae‐Eung
Published: May 2024

In the era of artificial intelligence (AI), there is a growing interest in replicating human sensory perception. Selective and sensitive bio‐inspired sensory receptors with synaptic plasticity have recently gained significant attention in developing energy‐efficient AI perception. Various bio‐inspired sensory receptors and their applications in AI perception are reviewed here. The critical challenges for the future development of bio‐inspired sensory receptors are outlined, emphasizing the need for innovative solutions to overcome hurdles in sensor design, integration, and scalability. AI perception can revolutionize various fields, including human–machine interaction, autonomous systems, medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, industrial optimization, and assistive technologies. As advancements in bio‐inspired sensing continue to accelerate, the promise of creating more intelligent and adaptive AI systems becomes increasingly attainable, marking a significant step forward in the evolution of human‐like sensory perception.
Symmetry Reduction of Molecular Shape of Cationic Chromophores for High‐Performance Terahertz Generators
Authors: Yoon Ga‐Eun , Kim Dong‐Joo , Park Yu‐Jin , Kim Chaeyoon , Kim Seung‐Jun , Shin Bong‐Rim , Lee Yun‐Sang , Lee Chae‐Won , Park Jung‐Wook , Yu In Cheol , Yoon Woojin , Yun Hoseop , Kim Dongwook , Jazbinsek Mojca , Rotermund Fabian , Kwon O‐Pil
Published: May 2024

The symmetry reduction of molecular shape of cationic chromophores as a design strategy to develop organic terahertz (THz) generators is used. Electron donating group (EDG) with an asymmetric shape is introduced into two types of cationic styryl‐quinolinium chromophores, leading to the development of several novel non‐centrosymmetric crystals with high macroscopic optical nonlinearity. In contrast, when an EDG with a symmetric shape is introduced, centrosymmetric crystal structure is obtained in all investigated crystals. For THz wave generation, crystals based on asymmetrically shaped EDG exhibit several optimal crystal characteristics, including a plate‐shape morphology, a large size, and an in‐plane polar axis. Furthermore, over the entire range of molecular phonon vibrations, 0.5–4 THz, the steric hindrance group in the asymmetrically shaped EDG has a strong influence on the suppression of THz phonon vibrations, leading to a low THz absorption coefficient. The crystals based on asymmetrically shaped EDG generate an ≈40 times stronger THz electric field than the inorganic ZnTe crystal and very broad THz spectra, extending up to 16 THz. Thus, the symmetry reduction of the molecular shape of cationic chromophores through the introduction of an asymmetrically shaped EDG is an effective design approach for the development of novel organic THz crystals.
Modulating the Transmission of Light Using Asymmetric Janus Particles
Authors: Sullivan Patrick A. , Lee Ji‐Young , da Mota Achiles , Malampy Rachel C. , Mu Yijiang , Lee Daeyeon , Mosallaei Hossein , Wilson Daniel J. , Deravi Leila F.
Published: May 2024

The ability to manipulate the absorption, scattering, or reflectivity of light using synthetic materials has inspired innovations in nano‐ and micro‐materials for applications ranging from geoengineering to display optics. Asymmetric materials, like Janus particles, offer one solution to meet the needs of such technologies, as composition and geometry can be optimized to maximize directional optical properties in response to magnetic and/or electric fields, light, or electrostatic charge. In this work, a gram‐scale synthesis is applied to generate Janus matchstick particles comprising a gold head with a silica rod. Conditions are explored and optimized to elicit rotation of these matchstick particles under an alternating current (AC) electric field with varying field strength and frequency to maximize particle alignment. While only modest changes in transmission (≈8%) are observed over the visible spectral region with a bare silica rod, the application of an absorbing element increased transmission changes up to ≈23% demonstrating their utility as color‐changing materials. Experimental results are supported by theory and computation and highlight an important first step in activating directional optical effects in these materials which can be optimized for future adaptive technologies.
Air‐Stable 2D van der Waals MgTeMoO6 Exhibits Strong In‐plane Optical Anisotropy
Authors: Liu Wei , Du Zhipeng , Ahmed Belal , Zhao Yunqi , Zheng Jieyu , Song Xianyu , Wang Ziyi , Kuang Xiaojun , Luo Junhua , Zhao Sangen
Published: May 2024

Exploring 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials is of great importance to the various optoelectronics‐based applications. Herein, mono‐ and few‐layer nanoflakes of a novel 2D vdW MgTeMoO6 are prepared by facile mechanical exfoliation method. These nanoflakes remain highly stable when being exposed in air even for 1 month, which is unique compared to most of 2D materials. Temperature‐dependent Raman spectroscopy reveals that 2D MgTeMoO6 nanosheets exhibit stronger interlayer interaction than that of graphene. In situ, angle‐resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy investigation show evidences for the anisotropic photo–phonon interactions. Notably, strong in‐plane anisotropy for the second harmonic generation (SHG) independent of layer number is observed for 2D MgTeMoO6, making 2D MgTeMoO6 promising in polarization‐sensitive optoelectronic applications.
Functional Construction of a Novel Lanthanide MOF for Efficient Ratio Luminescence Detection of Ethanol Vapor
Authors: Sun Yiliang , Wang Xiaoyan , Liu Shiying , Yang Xiaoshan , Ren Xiaoyu , Liu Wei , Liu Weisheng
Published: May 2024

It is necessary to develop excellent sensors for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detection from the perspective of environmental protection and human health. Luminescent lanthanide metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have many advantages such as porosity, luminescence, and structural controllability, making them very suitable as luminescent sensing materials. Based on a functional oriented strategy, novel Ln‐MOFs are successfully constructed and their structure and properties are characterized in detail. A series of vapor luminescence sensing tests have shown that Eu/Tb doped L1‐Eu0.1/Tb0.9 not only exhibits high selectivity for alcohols, especially ethanol vapor, but also has high sensitivity and extremely low detection limit (9.76 mg L−1). To the knowledge, there are no reports on ratio luminescence sensors based on Ln‐MOFs for ethanol vapor, especially those with such excellent performance. Crystal structure determination demonstrates that ethanol binds to the framework through multiple hydrogen bonding interactions, altering the energy transfer efficiency between Tb3+ and Eu3+ to achieve ratio luminescence detection. In addition, L1‐Eu0.1/Tb0.9 has good repeatability, the prepared thin film sensing material also demonstrates the advantages of portability and processability. This work can provide some experience for the development of VOCs sensing materials with better performance.
[2.2]Paracyclophanes: From Selective Functionalization to Optical Properties
Authors: Wu Shiqi , Felder Simon , Brom Jules , Pointillart Fabrice , Maury Olivier , Micouin Laurent , Benedetti Erica
Published: May 2024

Since their discovery, [2.2]paracyclophane (pCp) and its derivatives have fascinated the scientific community due to their original molecular architecture and unusual electronic behavior. Over the years, significant efforts have been devoted to the development of substituted pCps for a variety of applications in different fields, ranging from organic synthesis and asymmetric catalysis to polymer chemistry and material science. This review describes a series of useful approaches that allow chemists to selectively decorate pCps, control the planar chirality that these molecules can display as soon as they are functionalized, and tune their photophysical behaviors. For each of these aspects of paracyclophane chemistry, selected examples of major advances are presented, and possible directions for future research are outlined. The application of pCp as central core for the development of uncommon 3D luminophores is finally highlighted. Emphasis is placed on the potential use of planar chiral luminescent paracyclophanes as antennas or ligands for the design of multifunctional lanthanide complexes, a quite underdeveloped but highly promising area for future research endeavors.
Dendrite‐Free Lithium‐Metal Batteries Enabled by 2D Lithophilic Conjugated Polymer on Separator
Authors: Wang Ke , Zhao Teng , Lv Ruixin , Tang Wangming , Yu Tianyang , Chen Guoshuai , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie
Published: May 2024

Tacking issues of uncontrolled lithium dendrites formation with polymer‐based separator has a significant impact on the applications of lithium‐metal batteries. Here, porous poly(acrylonitrile) nanosheets (PPNS) enriched with conjugated C═C/C═N groups is designed on PP separator by spray‐coating. The conjugated molecular structure of PPNS affords high mechanical strength and thermal conductivity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that polar N‐containing groups in PPNS derived from the cyclization of C≡N exhibit lithiophilic properties and effectively accelerate Li+ transport kinetics. Finite element simulation indicates PPNS with porous 2D nanosheet structure ensures a sufficient and uniform concentration of Li+ on the anode surface. Besides, a rich inorganic phase solid‐electrolyte interphase forms at the lithium metal interface under the induction of N‐containing groups, which further facilitates uniform lithium deposition. As a result, Li||LFP battery using PPNS@PP separator can stably cycle for 300 cycles at a high rate of 3C, with a capacity retention rate of 94.0%. Moreover, the Li||LFP pouch battery with PPNS@PP separator achieves steady cycling for 100 cycles at 0.2C, with a capacity retention rate of 95.7%.
Active Oxygenated Structure‐Intensified CO2 Capture Enables Efficient Electrochemical Ethylene Production Over Carbon Nanofibers
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Wang Jun , Shang Huishan , Zhang Bing , Huang Yanqiang , He Jing , Xiang Xu
Published: May 2024

The pursuit of high efficacy C−C coupling during the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction remains a tremendous challenge owing to the high energy barrier of CO2 activation and insufficient coverage of the desired intermediates on catalytic sites. Inspired by the concept of capture‐coupled CO2 activation, we fabricated quinone‐grafted carbon nanofibers via an in situ oxidative carbonylation strategy. The quinone functionality of carbon nanofibers promotes the capture of CO2 followed by activation. At a current density of 400 mA cm−2, the Faradaic efficiency of ethylene reached 62.9 %, and a partial current density of 295 mA cm−2 was achieved on the quinone‐rich carbon nanofibers. The results of in situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations indicated that the remarkable selectivity enhancement in ethylene originates from the quinone structure, rather than the electronic properties of Cu particles. The interaction of quinone with CO2 increases the local *CO coverage and simultaneously hinders the co‐adsorption of *H on Cu sites, which greatly reduces the energy barrier for C−C coupling and restrains subsequent *CO protonation. The modulation strategy involving specific oxygenated structure, as an independent degree of freedom, guides the design of functionalized carbon materials for tailoring the selectivity of desired products during the CO2 capture and reduction.
A Gold(I)–Acetylene Complex Synthesised using Single‐Crystal Reactivity
Authors: Johnson Chloe L. , Storm Daniel J. , Sajjad M. Arif , Gyton Matthew R. , Duckett Simon B. , Macgregor Stuart A. , Weller Andrew S. , Navarro Miquel , Campos Jesús
Published: May 2024

Using single‐crystal to single‐crystal solid/gas reactivity the gold(I) acetylene complex [Au(L1)(η2‐HC≡CH)][BArF4] is cleanly synthesized by addition of acetylene gas to single crystals of [Au(L1)(CO)][BArF4] [L1=tris‐2‐(4,4′‐di‐tert‐butylbiphenyl)phosphine, ArF=3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3]. This simplest gold‐alkyne complex has been characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, solution and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy and periodic DFT. Bonding of HC≡CH with [Au(L1)]+ comprises both σ‐donation and π‐backdonation with additional dispersion interactions within the cavity‐shaped phosphine.
Eosinophil‐Activating Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles for Cancer Photo‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Chi , Huang Jingsheng , Xu Mengke , Yu Jie , Wei Xin , He Shasha , Pu Kanyi
Published: May 2024

Eosinophils are important immune effector cells that affect T cell‐mediated antitumor immunity. However, the low frequency and restrained activity of eosinophils restricted the outcome of cancer immunotherapies. We herein report an eosinophil‐activating semiconducting polymer nanoparticle (SPNe) to improve photodynamic tumor immunogenicity, modulate eosinophil chemotaxis, and reinvigorate T‐cell immunity for activated cancer photo‐immunotherapy. SPNe comprises an amphiphilic semiconducting polymer and a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor sitagliptin via a 1O2‐cleavable thioketal linker. Upon localized NIR photoirradiation, SPNe generates 1O2 to elicit immunogenic cell death of tumors and induce specific activation of sitagliptin. The subsequent inhibition of DPP4 increases intratumoral CCL11 levels to promote eosinophil chemotaxis and activation. SPNe‐mediated photo‐immunotherapy synergized with immune checkpoint blockade greatly promotes tumor infiltration and activation of both eosinophils and T cells, effectively inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis. Thus, this study presents a generic polymeric nanoplatform to modulate specific immune cells for precision cancer immunotherapy.
Modification induced by electronic excitation in CoFe2O4 thin films: Structural, morphological, and magnetic properties
Authors: Nongjai Razia , Bala Manju , Khan Shakeel , S. Annapoorni , Kandasami Asokan
Published: May 2024

The present study focuses on the modification induced by 200 MeV Ag15+ and 100 MeV O7+ ion irradiations on the structural, surface morphological, and magnetic properties of radio frequency sputtered CoFe2O4 (CFO) thin films grown on SiO2/Si (100) substrates. X‐ray diffraction shows amorphization of the CFO thin films when irradiated with Ag ions and varies with fluences. This effect is absent in the case of O ion irradiated CFO films. These results are consistent with the measurements from the Raman spectroscopy, where the intensities of Eg and T2g modes are significantly reduced and further disappear in the high fluence. The surface morphology of the O ion irradiated films is dramatically different from the pristine and Ag ion irradiated films where the surfaces appear in nanopillars‐like patterns. The topography of the O ion irradiated films appears to be like hill and valley structures, the roughness first increases (from 10.11 to 24.39 nm). Then it decreases to 18.93 nm on further increasing ion fluence. The coercivity, remnant magnetization, and saturation magnetization increase upon irradiation at low fluence 5 × 1011 ions/cm2 for both the ion beams and then downturn with the increase of fluence 5 × 1012 ions/cm2. The changes in the magnetic and structural characteristics are ascribed to the defects induced by ion irradiation. These results are understood based on the structural and surface modifications induced by the electronic excitation of Ag and O ions. The study depicts that a controlled selection of ions and beam fluence can tailor the structure, morphology, and magnetic properties of ferrite films.
Investigation of the magnetic and structural properties in the non‐stoichiometric Heusler alloy Ni50Mn25+xSn25‐x; x = 13, 14
Authors: Anastasakos‐Paraskevopoulos Dimitris , Sarafidis Charalampos , Giannouri Maria , Alexandrakis Vasileios , Panagiotopoulos Ioannis
Published: May 2024

Memory shape magnetic alloys, especially Heusler alloys, are important materials in replacing conventional cooling with magnetic systems. In the present study off stoichiometric Heusler alloys with nominal composition Χ50Υ25+xΖ25‐x (X = Ni; Y = Mn; Z = Sn; x = 13, 14) were prepared by arc melting followed by thermal treatment. Structural properties were analyzed with X‐ray diffraction at room temperature (RT) and at elevated temperatures, above the martensite—austenite transition area, to determine the relevant crystallographic parameters and observe the transition. Martensite stabilization at RT appears to be a challenge, coexistence of martensite—austenite phases were observed and calculated for both 38–12 and 39–11 (16% and 12% austenite, respectively). Magnetization measurements versus temperature and field were recorded in the areas of interest where 1st order transitions were expected (355 K for x = 13 and 408 K for x = 14), and the magnetic entropy's changes (ΔSm) were determined [0.4 (J/kgK) for x = 13 and 0.3 J/(kgK) for x = 14; Hmax = 1 T]. The complex character of the magnetic properties and their dependence on Mn‐Sn ratio and on the distance between Mn atoms is discussed. The structure and the lattice parameters were determined using an anisotropic strain broadening model; stress and strain were detected in the structure due to crystal phase coexistence.