bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why He Won’t Send His Daughter to School—Barriers to Girls’ Education in Northwest Pakistan
Authors: Jamal Aamir
Published: August 2016

Resistance to girls’ education in Pakistan has long been an intractable problem; the lowest enrolment figures are in Pashtun areas. This study focused on Pashtun men’s perceptions of girls’ education. Pashtun men of diverse backgrounds participated in a two-round Delphi exercise, followed by in-depth qualitative interviews in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan bordering Afghanistan. Although contradictory ideas from religion, culture, and politics were elicited, consensus developed on major barriers to girls’ access to education: poverty, Pashtunwali (tribal code), religion, accessibility, resources, shortage of female teachers, curriculum, and political apathy and corruption. Understanding the barriers to girls’ education could help development professionals overcome them.
Atypical Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in previously untreated patients with CLL on single-agent ibrutinib
Authors: Ahn Inhye E. , Jerussi Theresa , Farooqui Mohammed , Tian Xin , Wiestner Adrian , Gea-Banacloche Juan
Published: August 2016

Key Points

Treatment with single-agent ibrutinib can increase susceptibility to PCP in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Key components of PCP diagnosis are increased clinical suspicion and adequate sampling with diagnostic bronchoscopy.
On the real time modeling of interlocking system of passenger lines of Rawalpindi Cantt train station
Authors: Khan Umar , Ahmad Jamil , Saeed Tariq , Mirza Sikandar Hayat
Published: August 2016

Purpose

Recent advancements in technology have enabled railway organizations to shift from manual to computer based automated interlocking systems for increasing their efficiency and profits. Since automated systems are complex and interlocking systems are safety critical systems, these systems should be modeled and verified against safety requirements to weed out any design bugs which might lead to catastrophes during their system life cycles. In this study, we model software based automated interlocking control system of a train station, located at Rawalpindi Cantt (Pakistan).

Methods

We have modeled software based automated interlocking control system using timed automata and verified its correctness using UPPAAL model checking software. Timed automata have successfully been used for the modeling and verification of real-time systems.

Results

We constructed a real-time model of railyard interlocking system by employing a model-checking approach to determine behavior of the model under various conditions. The model checker ascertains the absence of errors in a system by inspecting all the possible states or scenarios of the modeled system. The results show that important properties related to the safety of the designed interlocking system of the railyard management system can be verified using our presented approach. These properties ranged from collision and de-railment avoidance to checking the correct error handling functionality of the timed automata models.

Conclusions

The final modular design can easily adapt to the route upgrades and changes within the station by simple variable adjustments. Based on the laid down methodology and verification techniques, this study can be further built upon, extended and linked to cover the shunting aspect of the train station operations, run through operations, introducing automatic train stop (ATS) functionality and recommend three to four aspect traffic signaling for the train station. This study takes a first step in providing an indigenous solution to an indigenous problem of designing an upgraded and verified signaling infrastructure for Pakistan Railway’s Rawalpindi Cantt train station.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Newly Diagnosed, Advanced Ovarian Cancer: Society of Gynecologic Oncology and American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Wright Alexi A. , Bohlke Kari , Armstrong Deborah K. , Bookman Michael A. , Cliby William A. , Coleman Robert L. , Dizon Don S. , Kash Joseph J. , Meyer Larissa A. , Moore Kathleen N. , Olawaiye Alexander B. , Oldham Jessica , Salani Ritu , Sparacio Dee , Tew William P. , Vergote Ignace , Edelson Mitchell I.
Published: August 2016

Purpose

To provide guidance to clinicians regarding the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval cytoreduction among women with stage IIIC or IV epithelial ovarian cancer.

Methods

The Society of Gynecologic Oncology and the American Society of Clinical Oncology convened an Expert Panel and conducted a systematic review of the literature.

Results

Four phase III clinical trials form the primary evidence base for the recommendations. The published studies suggest that for selected women with stage IIIC or IV epithelial ovarian cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval cytoreduction are noninferior to primary cytoreduction and adjuvant chemotherapy with respect to overall and progression-free survival and are associated with less perioperative morbidity and mortality.

Recommendations

All women with suspected stage IIIC or IV invasive epithelial ovarian cancer should be evaluated by a gynecologic oncologist prior to initiation of therapy. The primary clinical evaluation should include a CT of the abdomen and pelvis, and chest imaging (CT preferred). Women with a high perioperative risk profile or a low likelihood of achieving cytoreduction to < 1 cm of residual disease (ideally to no visible disease) should receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Women who are fit for primary cytoreductive surgery, and with potentially resectable disease, may receive either neoadjuvant chemotherapy or primary cytoreductive surgery. However, primary cytoreductive surgery is preferred if there is a high likelihood of achieving cytoreduction to < 1 cm (ideally to no visible disease) with acceptable morbidity. Before neoadjuvant chemotherapy is delivered, all patients should have confirmation of an invasive ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/NACT-ovarian-guideline and www.asco.org/guidelineswiki .
Managing Perishable Inventories in Retailing: Replenishment, Clearance Sales, and Segregation
Authors: Li Qing , Yu Peiwen , Wu Xiaoli
Published: August 2016

We study joint replenishment and clearance sales of perishable goods under a general finite lifetime and a last-in-first-out (LIFO) issuing rule, a problem common in retailing. We show that the optimal policies can be characterized by two thresholds for each age group of inventory: a lower one and a higher one. For an age group of inventory with a remaining lifetime of two periods or longer, if its inventory level is below its lower threshold, then there is no clearance sales; if it is above its higher threshold, then it will be cleared down to the higher threshold. The optimal policy for the age group of inventory with a one-period remaining lifetime is different. Clearance sales may occur if its inventory level is above its higher threshold or below its lower threshold. The phenomenon that a clearance sale happens when the inventory is low is driven by the need to segregate the newest inventory from the oldest inventory and is unique to the LIFO issuing rule. The optimal policy requires a full inventory record of every age group and its computation is challenging. We consider two myopic heuristics that require only partial information. The first requires only the information about the total inventory and the second requires the information about the total inventory as well as the information about the inventory with a one-period remaining lifetime. Our numerical studies show that the second outperforms the first significantly and its performance is consistently very close to that of the optimal policy.
Seed Production Variability of Aleppo Pine (Pinus Halepensis Mill.) within Korbus Arboretum (North East of Tunisia)
Authors: Ayari Abdelaziz , Meftahi Moufida , Zammeli Fatma , Larbi Khouja Mohamed
Published: August 2016

About 50 years ago (in the 1960’s), 30 Tunisian Aleppo pine provenances were planted in Korbus arboretum (NE of Tunisia). For this study, only twelve provenances were selected and assessed. The selected provenances were evaluated for seed production, tree height and diameter. Results showed high inter-provenance variability for all the traits considered. However, within this site, the produced overall Aleppo pine cones per tree was less than the half in comparison to the interior forest of the country. Similarly, the average produced cone was lighter with less seeds content compared to non maritime coastal forests. The developed mature cones per tree in terms of number and weight were the major factors influencing seed yield within the site.
An unusual diaphragmatic hernia with gastric perforation and sub-acute presentation
Authors: Vinnicombe Z , Little M , Wan A
Published: August 2016

Gastric perforation into the thoracic cavity through a diaphragmatic hernia is rare but, when it occurs, patients present in severe distress, with mortality approaching 50%. We present a unique case in which a fibrotic reaction between the stomach and the parietal pleura led to a subacute presentation upon perforation. The extra time that this afforded led to more effective multidisciplinary team management and ultimately an excellent outcome for the patient.
Giant cell aortitis in treatment-naive human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C coinfection
Authors: Konstantinidou MK , Nelson M , Rosendahl U , Asimakopoulos G
Published: August 2016

Giant cell arteritis is a common form of vasculitis, although involvement of the aorta is unusual. There is no established association between giant cell aortitis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection. We present the case of a 46-year-old female coinfected with HIV and HCV who had never received antiretroviral therapy and developed symptoms of deteriorating shortness of breath on exertion. Investigations demonstrated aortic root and ascending aorta dilatation, along with severe aortic valve regurgitation, for which the patient underwent valve-sparing aortic root replacement (a David procedure). Histopathology confirmed giant cell aortitis.
Acontecimientos anónimos, un proyecto artístico sobre sobre la pantalla contemporánea
Authors: Zárraga Llorens María
Published: August 2016

Reflexionar y teorizar sobre la realidad a través de un proyecto artístico que utiliza la fotografía, el fotomontaje, el tratamiento digital. Este es el objetivo de este texto, interpretar ciertos aspectos de las nuevas tecnologías a partir de la observación del entorno urbano. En concreto, destacamos el papel relevante, casi hegemónico de las pantallas de nuestros dispositivos y como observamos que influyen en nuestra actitud. En la actualidad estos elementos, las pantallas, se hacen imprescindibles en nuestra sociedad contemporánea y se convierten en extensiones de nuestro cerebro, que nos permiten permanecer constantemente comunicados e informados. A lo largo del texto relacionamos conceptos con el pensamiento de algunos teóricos de las nuevas tecnologías. A estas reflexiones se acompaña la descripción y las imágenes que ilustran el proceso de trabajo de nuestro propio proyecto artístico, en el que se ve a la pantalla protagonista como símbolo de nuestro tiempo. Palabras-clave: PANTALLA; FOTOGRAFÍA ESCENIFICADA; ACTITUD; HEGEMONÍA; NUEVAS TECNOLOGÍAS Anonymous affairs, an artistic project about the contemporary screen AbstractThinking over and considering about reality through an artistic project. Using photography, photomontage and digital tools. The aim of this text is to understand certain aspects from the new technologies, watching the urban context. Specifically we highlight the hegemonic and outstanding role of the screens, the electronic devices and the way these gadgets affect our everyday behavior. Nowadays, these elements, the screens, have become essentials in our contemporary society and they spread our brain, allowing us to keep constantly informed and communicated. All along the text, we relate concepts with the thought of certain experts of the new technologies. These considerations go along with the description and pictures from our own artistic work where the screen as main character became the symbol of our time. Keywords: SCREEN; STAGED PHOTOGRAPHY; ATTITUD; HEGEMONY; NEW TECHNOLOGIES
Diseño de herramientas de análisis artístico-medioambiental: Reserva de la Biosfera de Urdaibai como caso de estudio
Authors: Aroca Córdova Álvaro
Published: August 2016

A partir de la experiencia artística ambiental de la reserva de Urdaibai, la investigación establece indicadores artísticos-medioambientales, técnicos-medioambientales, de impacto ambiental y de sostenibilidad, que permiten determinar y evaluar elementos artísticos- medioambientales de una intervención en las que se da una interacción entre los elementos constituyentes de la obra y un medio natural. Como resultado, se obtuvo un documento de índole sensitivo-artístico-medio ambiental, herramienta de evaluación llamada FEAM “Ficha de Evaluación Artístico Ambiental”. En dicha reserva, se desarrollo el proyecto “Sentido y Sostenibilidad”, consistente en la intervención de obras “sitio-especificas” de diez artistas”. La investigación entregó directrices que sirvieron para mejorar y optimizar la FEAM (Ficha de Evaluación Artístico Ambiental).Palabras-clave: EVALUACIÓN; SOSTENIBILIDAD; ARTE; MEDIO AMBIENTE; URDAIBAI Artistic-environmental analysis tools design: Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve as a case studyAbstractBased on the environmental-artistic experience from the Urdaibai´s reserve, our research establishes environmental-artistic indicators, environmental-technical indicators and the sustainability and the environmental impact that allow to determinate and evaluate the environmental-artistic elements of the intervention, in which an interaction between the elements of the artwork and the environment takes place. As a result, a document of such sensitive- artistic meaning came out, as a tool of assessment called FEAM “environmental- artistic evaluation form”. In this nature reserve, it was developed the project “Sense and Sustainability”, which consists of ten site-specific artworks from different artists. The research produced indicators that were useful in order to improve and optimize the FEAM (Environmental-Artistic Evaluation Form).Keywords: ASSESSMENT; SUSTAINABILITY; ART; ENVIRONMENT; URDAIBAI
De números a números: Visualización del sonido por métodos relacionales de muestreo en directo
Authors: García Miragall Carlos , Sanmatín Piquer Francisco
Published: August 2016

Desarrollo de un método de visualización de sonido basado en las muestras numéricas obtenidas como resultado de su digitalización en tiempo real, siendo adecuado para eventos audiovisuales en directo dentro de la tradición de Música Visual. Teniendo en cuenta que: un sonido digitalizado no es más que un conjunto de números ordenados en el tiempo y una imagen no es más que un conjunto de pixeles ordenados en el espacio; el método que proponemos toma los valores numéricos de las muestras de sonido y los ubica espacialmente generando imágenes en movimiento. En función del método usado para la colocación espacial de las muestras, el número muestras de sonido y el número de fuentes sonoras, obtenemos diferentes familias de algoritmos de visualización con características estéticas propias. Este trabajo presenta las bases necesarias para abordar la visualización del sonido basada en muestras y presenta casos de estudio realizados con una aplicación desarrollada en el lenguaje de programación Java.Palabras-clave: AUDIOVISUALIZACIÓN; MÚSICA VISUAL; VISUALIZACIÓN DE DATOS; TIEMPO REAL; SONIDO EXPERIMENTAL Numbers to numbers: Audiovisualization for relational live sampling methods AbstractDevelopment of a sound visualization method based on digital samples, these samples were obtained from the real-time scanning. The method is suitable for audiovisual live events within the tradition of Visual Music. If we consider that: a digitized sound is just a set of numbers arranged in time, and an image it is no more than a set of pixels ordained in space. The proposed method takes the numerical values of the sound samples and spatially located they, generating a moving image. Depending on the method used for the spatial positioning of the samples, the number of sound samples used, and the number of sound sources, we get different visualization algorithms families with own aesthetic characteristics. This work establishes the necessary measures to address the sound visualization based on samples, and presents case studies performed with a sofware developed in Java programming language.Keywords: AUDIOVISUALIZATION; VISUAL MUSIC; DATA VISUALIZATION; REAL TIME; EXPERIMENTAL SOUND
Identidad y hegemonía: Times Square y la producción amateur
Authors: Ortega Lisbona José Luis
Published: August 2016

Si pensamos en la relación del espacio urbano contemporáneo con la luz, debemos hablar de dinámicas sociales dentro de las metrópolis contemporáneas y de cómo estos suponen un paradigma de la transformación tecnológica y social respecto a los media dentro del espacio urbano. Esto ha culminado con la conversión de las pantallas basadas en tecnología LCD en parte del medio en el cual nos desenvolvemos socialmente mediante las redes sociales. Por otro lado el lugar se diluye dentro de imágenes virtuales, dislocadas y descontextualizadas, convirtiendo la ciudad en un interfaz comunicativo, y lo visual en una experiencia espacial. Es por ello que es de especial interés analizar este fenómeno en el cual entran en juego elementos que afectan a los marcos constitutivos de nuestras experiencias sociales e identitarias dentro de un espacio variable y contingente, gracias al cual se está produciendo un desplazamiento de los usos dentro de la esfera pública, generando nuevas formas de espectáculo que producen nuevas políticas de vigilancia del otro.Palabras-Clave: TIMES SQUARE; IDENTIDAD; REDES SOCIALES; PANTALLAS URBANAS; ESPACIO PÚBLICO Identity and hegemony: Times Square and the amateur productionAbstractIf we think about the relationship of contemporary urban space and light, we must talk about social dynamics within contemporary cities and how these represent a paradigm of technological and social transformation with respect to the media in the urban space. This has culminated in the conversion of LCD technology screens into part on the environment in which we operate through social networks. On the other hand the place is diluted into virtual images, dislocated and decontextualized, turning the city into a communicative interface, and the visual in a spatial experience. That’s why it’s especially interesting to analyze this phenomenon in which elements come into play affecting the constituent frames of our social experience and identity in a variable and contingent space, through which it is producing a shift of uses within public sphere, creating new forms of entertainment that produce new surveillance policies of the other.Keywords: TIMES SQUARE; IDENTITY; SOCIAL NETWORKS; URBAN SCREENS; PUBLIC SPACE
Estrategias del arte participativo: Entre la micro-política y el software social
Authors: Martínez Sánchez Cuautli Exal
Published: August 2016

La hibridación de las tecnologías digitales con la totalidad de las actividades humanas ha desencadenado una transformación irreversible en múltiples aspectos de nuestra vida cotidiana pero sobre todo, en los procesos de construcción sociocultural; Lo efímero, híbrido, virtual, interactivo, heterogéneo, son ejes entorno a los cuales construimos nuevas relaciones sociales. Material de análisis y reflexión para el desarrollo de las prácticas artísticas contemporáneas. En este sentido, las estrategias participativas impulsadas desde las prácticas artísticas desarrollan estructuras de relación, espacios de encuentro, diálogo y autoproducción colectiva. Podríamos afirmar que exploran el campo de las relaciones sociales (la conectividad social) y sus potenciales expresivos, narrativos, políticos, poéticos, estéticos, etc. Este artículo propone un análisis de las estrategias artísticas participativas como herramientas híbridas e interdisciplinares que propician a través de nuevas metodologías de investigación, la reflexión sobre nuevos modos de producir subjetividad y visualidad, producción social y emancipación cultural.Palabras Clave: ARTE PARTICIPATIVO; SOFTWARE SOCIAL;TECNOLOGÍAS BLANDAS; ARTIVISMO; ESTRATEGIAS MICROPOLÍTICAS Strategies of participatory art : Between micro- policy and social softwareAbstractHybridization of digital technologies with all human activities has triggered an irreversible transformation in many aspects of our daily lives but especially in sociocultural construction processes; ephemeral, hybridity, virtuality, interactivity, heterogenity, disruptiveness, are axes around which we build new social relations. Matter of analysis and reflection in the developing of contemporary art practices. In this sense, participatory strategies promoted by artistic practices develop relationship structures, spaces for encounter, dialogue, common action and collective self-production. We could say that these artistic practices explore the field of social relations (social entanglement and engagement) and their expressive, narrative, politic, poetic or aesthetic, potentials. This article proposes an analysis of participatory artistic strategies as hybrid and interdisciplinary tools that lead through new research methodologies to new ways of producing subjectivity and visuality, social production and cultural emancipation.Keywords: PARTICIPATORY ART; SOCIAL SOFTWARE; SOFT TECHNOLOGIES; MICROPOLITIC STRATEGIES
Dietary protein requirement for armoured catfish juveniles (Hypostomus commersoni - Loricariidae)
Authors: Rocha Cleber Bastos , Fernandes João Morato , Tavares Rafael Aldrighi , Piedras Sérgio Renato Noguez , Pouey Juvêncio Luis Osório Fernandes
Published: August 2016

The objective of this study was to determine crude protein (CP) requirement for armoured catfish juveniles. Seventy two juveniles of Hypostomus commersoni were used with average weight of 2.44 Â± 0.14g, distributed in nine tanks, totalizing eight fish per experimental unit. In a completely randomized design, with three treatments and three replications. Three experimental diets were prepared with protein levels of 25, 30 and 40% and isocaloric (3.500 kcal. kg-1). The fish were fed daily with at the rate of 5% of body weight for 10 weeks.Â  Evaluated variables were final average weight, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), survival and body composition. Dietary levels of protein did not affect weight gain, specific growth rate and survival. Crude protein higher levels in the diet increased the deposition of protein and reduced body fat (P â‰¤ 0.05). For an adequate performance of armoured catfish juveniles, a diet with at least 30% crude protein is recommended.
An assessment of knowledge and factors that exposed young female student nurses to hiv infection at the university of Namibia, oshakati campus
Authors: Pinehas Lusia N. , Uushona Selma Ingandipewa
Published: August 2016

Background: This study presents an assessment of knowledge and an investigation of specific factors that expose young female student nurses to HIV and AIDS at university of Namibia, Oshakati Campus. The concern over to what young female student nurses are able to control various issues of their sexual lives is critical question for health promotion and the prevention of further HIV infection. Student nurses are believed to have adequate information about HIV and AIDS compared to other young people in the communities.Aim: To assess HIV and AIDS knowledge levels and investigates factors that make young female nurses vulnerable to HIV infection at UNAM, Oshakati CampusMethod: A mixed-method approach was employed to collect the necessary data, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodology. Qualitative data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire whereas qualitative data was gathered by means of focus group discussions. Quantitative data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 18, and results from the focus group discussions were grouped into themes and subthemes and analyzed using thematic analysis. Random sampling with replacement technique namely, the fishbowl technique was used to select respondent and participants. This ensures equal and independent chance of being selected each time.Results: Most respondents indicated to have adequate knowledge about HIV and AIDS and had positive attitude necessary to effect behavioral change and implementation of prevention and care strategies. Most respondents were aware of their risk factors and aspects that increased individual vulnerability to HIV and AIDS. While the knowledge and attitude were identified as adequate, the practices of the respondents did not explicit indicate adequate level of responsible behavior among the young female student nurses in the face of HIV and AIDS.Conclusion: Student nurses identified HIV and AIDS as a problem of “others” and continue to report that infection would be an accidental exposure as a result of their profession or perceived powerless over sexual matters and income inequalities. Prevention remains a challenge in planning programs needed to address risky sexual behavior among students due to structural, social, socio-economic dynamics, individual circumstances, gender and biological vulnerability.
Iterativ Lernende Regelung des Anodendrucks während der Spülvorgänge eines PEM-Brennstoffzellensystems
Authors: Hähnel Christian , Horn Joachim
Published: August 2016

Polymer-Elektrolyt-Brennstoffzellen sind Energiewandler, die aus reinem Wasserstoff und dem Sauerstoff der Umgebungsluft
elektrische Energie bereitstellen. Zum Erhalt des effizienten Ablaufs der chemischen Reaktion ist es notwendig, das
anodenseitige Gassystem regelmäßig von angesammeltem Stickstoff und Wasserkondensat zu befreien. Dieser Vorgang
wird im vorliegenden System durch Spülen mittels Öffnen eines Ventils durchgeführt. Zur Druckregelung
während dieses wiederkehrenden Vorgangs wird eine Iterativ Lernende Regelung eingesetzt. Dieser Beitrag zeigt die zu
Grunde liegenden Modelle für die Erstellung der benötigten Lernfilter und experimentelle Ergebnisse an einem
Prüfling mit bis zu 4.4 kW elektrischer Leistung. Für einen Vergleich werden Lernfilter mit und ohne
Modellkenntnis gebildet und eine Optimierend Iterativ Lernende Regelung eingesetzt.
Die Regelung von Daten: Eine Idee zur Clusteranalyse von vernetzten Datenbeständen
Authors: Willert Volker , Schnaubelt Matthias
Published: August 2016

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Frage, wie die Clusteranalyse von dezentral abgelegten vernetzten Datenbeständen sowohl
im Bezug auf die Konvergenzgeschwindigkeit als auch auf die zu erreichende Güte der Datenzerlegung verbessert werden
kann. Dazu wird die Idee der Regelung von Daten über einen Datenregler vorgestellt. Für das K-means Clusteringverfahren
wird ein beweisbar konvergenter Datenregler entworfen und anhand eines umfangreichen Benchmarks evaluiert. Des Weiteren
wird eine Matrix zur Beschreibung von Zugehörigkeitsübergängen von Clusterdynamiken eingeführt und die Verwandtschaft des
Datenreglers zu Kernelmethoden aufgezeigt. Außerdem wird die Beziehung zwischen dem Datenregler und Consensusdynamiken für
Multi-Agenten-Systeme hergestellt. Damit ist das vorgestellte Verfahren verteilt implementierbar und auf große dezentral
abgelegte Datenmengen anwendbar.
Social and political dimensions of communication in grammar instruction: what teachers should contemplate
Authors: Shinian Wu
Published: August 2016

Successful language learning entails two levels of competence: adequate control of the grammatical system of the target language and ability to effectively communicate in pragmatic contexts. Espoused by the mantra of much inculcated communicative orientation in English language teaching and learning, the divination points to pedagogical trends which essentially jettison grammar instruction in the classroom. However, language is not merely a tool of communication but an instrument of social control, political power, and economic mobility, all of which require not only skills to “get your message across” by whatever means, but more importantly, the accurate use of and facility with language that has been codified and assessed formally by standardized tests. This paper critically examines the role of grammatical accuracy and its relation to communication in terms of social and academic functions of English and advocates a revival of currently penurious grammar instruction. Examples from both native and nonnative speakers of English are used to illustrate the interface between grammar and social and political dimensions of communication through language.
The English past tense debate in the Chinese EFL learners’ mind: a masked priming study
Authors: Dawei Wei , Jinbo Xu , Heping Wu
Published: August 2016

The involvement of rule-based computation is the focus of the past tense debate. The present masked priming study contributed to the debate by investigating how Chinese EFL learners processed regular English past tense forms. The results show that, for the past tense forms of relatively high frequency, at the early stage of processing, the highly proficient group can make use of morphological rule to decompose regular past tense forms. The lower proficiency level group, however, cannot decompose past tense forms. It is suggested that surface form frequency of past tense inflections and foreign language proficiency are the two factors that affect the way complex words are processed. Our data supports the dual-route model of Declarative-Procedural memory in the past tense debate.
Chinese EFL learners’ perceptions of their experience with portfolio-based writing assessment: a case study
Authors: Qinghua Li
Published: August 2016

In a case study investigating Chinese EFL university majors’ perceptions of a portfolio-based writing assessment (PBWA) project, English majors were sampled to find out whether the portfolio method made them more interested in writing and/or improved their writing process and writing strategies. Four sophomores were chosen from among an experimental group at a local university in China. Analysis of data from student journals, interviews and reflective essays showed that taking part in portfolio writing empowered them to take charge of their own learning and motivated them to write better. The students welcomed PBWA as a fairer assessment tool than timed, one-shot essay tests. They held more interest in English writing, improved their writing strategies and shifted their attention from products of writing to process of writing and, thus, preferred scores from PBWA as a more satisfactory indicator of their writing ability.
Polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) for CO2 capture
Authors: Sadeghpour Mahsa , Yusoff Rozita , Aroua Mohamed Kheireddine
Published: August 2016

The emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere is considered the main cause of global warming. CO2 is mostly viewed as the principal product associated with the combustion of fossil fuels. One of the emerging studies at the moment is the use polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) for capturing CO2 from flue gas streams. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the various PILs for CO2 capture. PILs can be used in different processes, including absorption, membrane, and adsorption. In this paper, preparation and synthesis of PILs for various processes are discussed. The paper includes elaboration on using composite, grafted, and blended PILs to achieve a powerful and effective capture mode. The effects of different parameters such as temperature and pressure on CO2 sorption are also discussed.
Biological evaluation and docking studies of some benzoxazole derivatives as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase
Authors: Temiz-Arpaci Ozlem , Arisoy Mustafa , Sac Duygu , Doganc Fatima , Tasci Meryem , Senol Fatma Sezer , Orhan Ilkay Erdogan
Published: August 2016

A series of 2,5-disubstituted-benzoxazole derivatives (1–13) were evaluated as possible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The results demonstrated that the compounds exhibited a broad spectrum of AChE and BChE inhibitory activity ranging between 6.80% and 90.21% except one compound which showed no activity against AChE at the specified molar concentration. Another derivative displayed a similar activity to that of reference drug (galanthamine) for inhibition of AChE and BChE. In addition, molecular docking of the compounds into active site of AChE was performed using recombinant human AChE (PDB ID: 4ey6) in order to understand ligand–protein interactions.
Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Resistant Hypertension
Authors: Tsioufis Costas P , Kasiakogias Alexandros , Tousoulis Dimitrios ,   First Cardiology Clinic, University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece,   First Cardiology Clinic, University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece,   First Cardiology Clinic, University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
Published: August 2016

Resistant hypertension (RHT) is variably defined as insufficient blood pressure (BP) response to multiple drug treatment. Prevalence of RHT has been thoroughly studied in the recent years, ranging from about 5 to 30 % in various cohorts. Initial management of patients with apparent RHT requires identification of true treatment resistance by out-of-office BP measurements, assessment of adherence and screening for treatable causes of uncontrolled BP. Endorsement of lifestyle modifications and maximisation of the doses of a suitable regimen, preferably with the further addition of an aldosterone antagonist, are the mainstay of treatment. An invasive approach to RHT, mainly represented by renal nerve ablation, should be kept for persistently severe cases managed in a specialised hypertension centre.
Accuracy of Positron Emission Tomography as a Diagnostic Tool for Lead Endocarditis: Design of the Prospective Multicentre ENDOTEP Study
Authors: Amraoui Sana , Tlili Ghoufrane , Hindié Elif , Perez Paul , Peuchant Olivia , Bordenave Laurence , Bordachar Pierre ,   Cardiologic Haut-Lévêque hospital, Bordeaux university, INSERM U1045, LIRYC institute, Bordeaux, France,   Nuclear medicine center, Bordeaux university, Bordeaux, France,   Nuclear medicine center, Bordeaux university, Bordeaux, France,   ISPED center, Bordeaux university, Bordeaux, France,   Nuclear medicine center, Bordeaux university, Bordeaux, France,   Cardiologic Haut-Lévêque hospital, Bordeaux university, INSERM U1045, LIRYC institute, Bordeaux, France
Published: August 2016

Background: Rates of pacemaker implantation are steadily increasing and as patients are living longer, endovenous leads remain implanted for an extended period of time thereby increasing the risk of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection. Investigating fever of unknown origin in patients with implanted pacemakers can be challenging. Recently, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerised tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) scanning has been used as a diagnostic tool for lead endocarditis in small studies. Objectives: ENDOTEP is a prospective and multicentre study designed to evaluate the accuracy of 18F-FDG-PET/CT scanning in the diagnosis of lead endocarditis. Methods: A total of 250 patients referred for pacemaker extraction due to suspicion of an infected device will be prospectively enrolled in six French regional centres for investigation and treatment of CIED infection. 18F-FDG-PET/CT scanning (index test) will be performed in each patient in the 48 hours preceding lead extraction. Bacteriological cultures (reference standard) will assess the presence of lead endocarditis, blind to 18F-FDG-PET/CT results. Enrolment started in June 2015 and is expected to end by June 2017. The primary objective will be to establish the sensitivity of the 18F-FDG-PET/CT scan for lead endocarditis. Secondary objectives will include other accuracy parameters, inter-observer agreement in the interpretation of 18F-FDG-PET/CT scanning, the influence of previous antibiotic therapy on 18F-FDG-PET/CT diagnostic accuracy and assessment of septic emboli associated to lead endocarditis. Conclusion: The ENDOTEP study will examine the ability of 18F-FDG-PET/CT scanning to avoid possible false-positive results, as is common using the current usual diagnostic strategy and may lead to unnecessary extraction of implants in patients with suspected lead infection.
Learning to Learn and Teaching to Learn
Authors: Zhu Jia , Schumacher Daniel J.
Published: August 2016

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Medical training is notoriously difficult, and the motivation to learn and teach can decline with time. Building from the principles of self-determination theory, we provide reflections of a trainee, a trainee and supervisor, and a faculty supervisor on the role of promoting autonomy, relatedness, and competence in motivating learners to learn and teachers to teach. This active approach to learning and teaching can be an empowering practice to ultimately improve clinical experience and performance.
Urine 2-Hydroxyglutarate in Glioma
Authors: Lombardi Giuseppe , Della Puppa Alessandro , Zagonel Vittorina
Published: August 2016

This letter compares the results of two studies on the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate in patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant and IDH wild-type glioma.
Walking accessibility of urban parks in a compact megacity
Authors: Liang Huilin , Chen Di , Zhang Qingping
Published: August 2016

Good walking accessibility and an adequate supply of urban parks is critical for the physical and mental well-being of people living in cities, especially citizens residing in compact megacities. The service area from residences to urban parks in different areas were measured according to Accessible Natural Greenspace Standards by way of network analysis in the geographic information system. Multiple regression models were used to calculate the average weighted walking times from road junctions and community entrances to urban park entrances to assess the walking accessibility to urban parks in Shanghai. A statistical analysis of parks, communities and neighbourhood socio-economic status was conducted to analyse the uneven distribution and social inequity of urban park accessibility and supply. Park service area, walking accessibility and supply efficiency varied greatly in different districts for different categories of parks. The majority of areas with good park accessibility were located in old towns rather than in the new districts. The consistency between park access distribution and population distribution did not translate to equality in park supply. Positive actions are needed to redress the social inequity of access to this important public health resource.
Are Euro-Area Corporate Bond Markets Irrelevant? The Effect of Bond Market Access on Investment
Authors: von Beschwitz Bastian , Howells Conor T.
Published: August 2016

We compare how bond market access affects firms’ investment decisions in the United States and the euro area. Having a bond rating enables US corporations to invest more and undertake more acquisitions. In contrast, in the euro area, bond ratings have no effect on investment decisions. Similarly, firms with bond ratings have higher leverage in the United States, but not in the euro area. This difference may be due to euro-area firms getting sufficient financing from banks. Consistent with this explanation, euro-area bond ratings became more relevant for investment after the banking crisis of 2008, when banks reduced their lending to firms.
A 2015-ös év algája szavazás jelöltjei
Authors: B-Béres Viktória , Nagy-László Zsolt , T-Krasznai Enikő , Stenger-Kovács Csilla , Barreto Sára , Kiss Gábor , Buczkó Krisztina , Abonyi András
Published: August 2016

Míg a szabad szemmel látható állat-, illetve növényvilággal kapcsolatos ismeretterjesztés széleskörűvé vált, addig a mikroszkopikus világ tudományos igényű ismeretterjesztő bemutatására kevés példát találni. Hagyományteremtő céllal 2015-ben első alkalommal hirdette meg az Algológus Fórum az „Év Algája” internetes szavazást. A végső szavazásra javasolt három algafaj a Didymosphenia geminata, Haematococcus pluvialis és Prymnesium parvum voltak, melyek közül a Haematococcus pluvialis fajra érkezett a szavazatok döntő többsége. A három faj ökológiai és gazdasági vonatkozásainak, valamint hazai elterjedésük bemutatásán keresztül kívánjuk megmutatni, hogy a mikroszkopikus világ képviselői is kellően színesek és érdekesek lehetnek ahhoz, hogy nagyobb teret kapjanak a tudományos ismeretterjesztésben. Tanulmányunk felhívja a figyelmet az algák vízi ökoszisztémákban betöltött alapvető szerepére, esetleges gazdasági jelentőségükre, valamint a földi élet fenntartásában nélkülözhetetlen szerepükre.
Adatok a Mecsek hegység zuzmóflórájához
Authors: Kovács Dániel , Lőkös László
Published: August 2016

A Pécsi Tudományegyetem (JPU) zuzmógyűjteményében lévő részben korábbi, részben saját gyűjtések alapján 115 zuzmótaxon 221, eddig nem publikált mecseki adatát közöljük, beleértve 37 JPU duplumot is. A feldolgozás eredményeként 22 új fajt mutattunk ki a hegység területéről: Arthopyrenia cinereopruinosa, Baeomyces rufus, Candelariella reflexa, Catapyrenium rufescens, Cladonia macilenta, Dimerella pineti, Hypogymnia tubulosa, Ochrolechia arborea, Pleurosticta acetabulum, Pseudevernia furfuracea, Psilolechia lucida, Pycnothelia papillaria, Rinodina sophodes, Tomasellia arthonioides, Toninia candida, Trapelia involuta, Varicellaria hemisphaerica, Verrucaria marmorea, V. nigrescens, V. parmigera, Xanthoparmelia conspersa, X. verruculifera. A törvényesen védett Peltigera leucophlebia két adattal szerepel a listában.
A Nyárjas-tó fitocönózisainak átalakulása
Authors: Vas Mihály
Published: August 2016

A kállósemjéni Nyárjas-tó az 1980-as évek elején még tipikus nyírségi buckaközi láp volt. Területének nagy részét eltérő tömegességi viszonyokkal jellemezhető Carici-Menyanthetum társulás borította. A karakterfajok száma magas volt.  A szárazabbá, melegebbé és szélsőségesebbé váló klíma miatt az addig állandó vízborítás eleinte hónapokra, majd évekre is időszakossá vált.. Az eutrofizáció felgyorsult. Az ingadozó vízhozamú, láp mellett húzódó csatorna és a Mohos-tó számára fúrt kút vizének alkalmazása a kiszáradást csak fékezni tudta. 2000-re a Menyanthes trifoliata kipusztult. 2009-től Lemno-Potametalia fajok már nem fordultak elő. Aszályos években, különösen a korábbi Carici-Menyanthetum helyén rohamosan terjedtek a Bidentetalia, Calystegietalia, Chenopodietea és Secalietea fajok. Ezek közül az 1990-es évek közepén a Cirsium arvense, a 2010-es évek közepén az Urtica dioica tömegesen jelentkezett. A természetes állapotokra utaló fajok száma csökkent, a degradációra utalóké jelentősen nőtt. A kaszálók az Arrhenatheretea társulások irányában változnak. Az agresszív özöngyomok mellett megjelent a Pruno spinosae-Crataegetum társulás. A csapadékos években a vizes élőhelyekre jellemző cönózisok, ha kisebb mértékben, de még regenerálódtak.
Behevioral acts and blackbird thrush on watering place
Authors: Markova A. , Serebryakov V.
Published: August 2016

Aggression has important implications for ecological processes and evolutionary behavior strategies. Below there are the data concerning the aggression of blackbird and song thrush in natural conditions and the territories with significant anthropogenic influence on watering places during the nesting period, their relations to other behavior acts, their occupation dynamics during the day and the presence of other species of birds nearby. The interspecific and intraspecific contacts of thrushes are considered. The ratio of aggressive and non-aggressive contacts and the symmetry of interspecific relations (i.e. the ratio of interspecific relation initiated by the individuals of another species) were studied.
Techniques of Representation of the ‘Other’ in the Context of Media Ritualization (on Example of ‘Mir Tourizma’ and ‘Mandry’ Travel Magazines)
Authors: Yufereva Olena
Published: August 2016

Media ritualization is an effective tool of ethical ‘Other’ representation and plays a relevant role in travel publications, but still it needs an adequate scientific coverage. The main objective of the research was to identify the techniques of ritualization for creating the image of ‘Other’ by the examples of Ukrainian travel magazines “Mir Tourizma” and “Мandry” issued in 2010-2014.

The methodology of qualitative analysis was used to expose the implicit assumptions of the texts. The semiotic method was important for this research to deepen the understanding of contextual dimensions of the media ritualization.

Results / findings. Such mechanisms of ritualization as transition and initiation, which are based on dynamic interchange of the social system poles (“work / rest”, “everyday / holiday”), as well as the principles of ‘Other’ conceptualization shaping the basic for the modern travel-magazine are described in the study. Relaxation and pleasure, as well as the excitement of adventure divert the reader from his/her everyday life and show the ‘Other’ as an unusual life. This temporary break-off accompanied with certain satisfaction, a sense of calmness, or to the contrary, a feeling of testing limits – is the basis for the ritual of transition. In the media practice the ritualization technologies are aimed at making the ‘Other’ more comfortable, absorbing its obscurity, setting up a potential tourist to trust the “transition”, so that the impression of the ‘Other’ becomes more accessible and more convenient.

The tools and schemes of ritualization are characterized by weakening of rational principles and content saturation, but, at the same time, they demonstrate functional efficiency establishing close contextual and psychological connection between the travel experience of the journalist and the recipient of the information (the reader), thus removing the barriers which prevent from the contact with the ‘Other’.

Oneof the keyconceptsthatcan be traced inUkrainiantravel magazines is the pleasure of “switched off” life. Tostrengthen thesensibility, the travelmagazines actively use visual accompaniment in their publications. Sacredimages,photographsare designed to foreground the capabilities for breaking away from the humdrum.

The concepts of “miracle”, “fairy-tale”, “secret”, the techniques of “authenticity” of the ‘Other’ representation and the mythologization of the locus are also analysed in the study.
α-Thioalkylation of Zinc Dienolates as an Entry to 4-Substituted 1-tert-Butoxy-7a-methylhexahydroindenes
Authors: Köhler Thomas , Huhn Thomas , Groth Ulrich
Published: August 2016

Hexahydroindenes 10 are readily available in 3 steps with an overall yield of 41 – 45 % starting from the Hajos Wiechert ketone 1. Alkylation of the α,β-unsaturated ketone 1 at C-4 has been achieved by thioalkylation of the corresponding zinc dienolate 2 with α-chlorosulfides of type 3. Subsequent in situ reduction and desulfurization of the β-(phenylthio) ketones 4 leads directly to the 4-substituted hexahydroindene-5-ols 6 which can be deoxygenated via their mesylates to the hexahydroindenes 10.
Energy Transfer in Polystyrene Nanoparticles with Encapsulated 2,5-Diphenyloxazole
Authors: Losytskyy Mykhaylo , Vretik Lyudmyla , Nikolaeva Olena , Getya Daryna , Marynin Andrii , Yashchuk Valeriy
Published: August 2016

As the first step to design nanosystems for X-ray excited sensitising of singlet oxygen, nanoparticles of polystyrene (PS NP) and polystyrene with encapsulated diphenyloxazole molecules (PS-PPO NP) were synthesized. Inside the PS-PPO NP, the electronic excitation energy transfer from polystyrene matrix to encapsulated PPO molecules takes place; efficiency of such transfer was roughly estimated to be about 0.37. X-ray stimulated luminescence of PS-PPO NP was registered.