bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Advanced HR+/HER2 – Breast Cancer: A Multicenter Real-World Data Analysis
Authors: Müller Carolin , Kiver Verena , Solomayer Erich-Franz , Wagenpfeil Gudrun , Neeb Caroline , Blohmer Jens-Uwe , Abramian Alina Valik , Maass Nicolai , Schütz Florian , Kolberg-Liedtke Cornelia , Ralser Damian Johannes , Rambow Anna-Christina
Published: November 2022

Purpose: CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) combined with endocrine therapy are considered standard-of-care for first-line therapy of patients with hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative, advanced breast cancer (HR+/HER2- ABC). Superiority of combination therapy over endocrine monotherapy has been demonstrated in a multitude of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in phase III and IV. However, RCTs reflect clinical reality only to a limited extent, as narrow inclusion criteria lead to a selected patient collective. Here, we present real-world data (RWD) on CDK4/6i treatment in patients with HR+/HER2- ABC at four certified German university breast cancer centers. Methods: Patients diagnosed with HR+/HER2- ABC who were treated in clinical routine with CDK4/6i between November 2016 and December 2020 at four certified German university breast cancer centers (Saarland University Medical Center, University Medical Center Charité Berlin, University Medical Center Bonn, and University Medical Center Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel) were identified and enrolled in this retrospective study. Clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes were recorded with particular emphasis on CDK4/6i therapy course [progression-free survival (PFS) following treatment initiation, toxicity, dose reduction, therapy discontinuation, prior and subsequent therapy line]. Results: Data from n = 448 patients were evaluated. The mean patient age was 63 (±12) years. Of these patients, n = 165 (36.8%) were primarily metastasized, and n = 283 (63.2%) had secondary metastatic disease. N = 319 patients (71.3%) received palbociclib, n = 114 patients (25.4%) received ribociclib, and n = 15 patients (3.3%) received abemaciclib, respectively. Dose reduction was performed in n = 132 cases (29.5%). N = 57 patients (12.7%) discontinued the treatment with CDK4/6i due to side effects. N = 196 patients (43.8%) experienced disease progression under CDK4/6i treatment. The median PFS was 17 months. Presence of hepatic metastases and prior therapy lines were associated with shorter PFS, whereas estrogen positivity and dose reduction due to toxicity were positively associated with PFS. Presence of bone and lung metastases, progesterone positivity, Ki67 index, grading, BRCA1/2 and PIK3CA mutation status, adjuvant endocrine resistance, and age did not significantly impact on PFS. Conclusion: Our RWD analysis on CDK4/6i treatment in Germany supports data from RCTs regarding both treatment efficacy and safety of CDK4/6i for treatment of patients with HR+/HER2- ABC. In comparison to data from the pivotal RCTs, median PFS was lower but within the expected range for RWD, which could result from inclusion of patients with more advanced diseases (i.e., higher therapy lines) to our dataset.
Métodos de estimativa do gasto energético em amputados de membro inferior: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Lima David Braga de , Piovezana Poliana , Silva Franciele Cascaes da , Silva Beatriz Azevedo da , Silva Guilherme Boese da , Silva Diego Rodrigues Pimentel da , Gutierres Filho Paulo José Barbosa , Silva Rudney da
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: Identificar os métodos utilizados para determinar o gasto energético de pessoas com amputação de membro inferior. Método: Revisão sistemática, foram selecionadas as bases de dados MedLine (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System on-line) via Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus (Elsevier), PsycINFO - APA Psycnet (American Psychological Association) e SPORTDiscus. Foram incluídos estudos originais, observacionais, experimentais, que abordaram a temática do gasto energético em amputados de membro inferior, disponíveis na íntegra, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Resultados: Os estudos utilizaram principalmente a avaliação do consumo de oxigênio (VO2) por meio do teste de Ergoespirometria e o Índice de Custo Fisiológico através da Frequência Cardíaca. No entanto, algumas pesquisas utilizaram a Escala Subjetiva de Percepção de Esforço, a Escala de aptidão autorreferida e um questionário relacionado a percepção da capacidade de andar. Conclusão: O VO2 é a variável mais fidedigna para avaliação do consumo energético, contudo, testes com medidas diretas podem ser mais difíceis de aplicar, pelas alterações recorrentes à amputação, podendo comprometer o resultado, assim, o uso de variáveis que estimem o consumo energético por meio de medidas indiretas se torna uma alternativa válida, mas é necessário atentar-se no uso da Frequência Cardíaca em populações que utilizem algum tipo de medicamento que possa alterar ou comprometer o resultado.
Fatores clínicos e sociodemográficos associados a recuperação da marcha de indivíduos após acidente vascular cerebral trombolisado na fase aguda
Authors: Silva Alana das Mercês , Anjos Jorge Luis Motta dos , Bernardes Lemuel , Aguiar Lívia , Nascimento Carla Ferreira do
Published: November 2022

O tratamento trombolítico promove reperfusão cerebral após (acidente vascular cerebral) AVC isquêmico, e é considerado o tratamento mais eficaz na fase aguda, estando associado a melhores desfechos clínicos e funcionais. Entre as principais sequelas após AVC estão a hemiparesia e o déficit de equilíbrio, que repercutem diretamente na locomoção do indivíduo. Objetivo: Investigar quais fatores estão associados com a recuperação da marcha na fase aguda do AVC trombolisado. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal, com 32 indivíduos na fase aguda do AVC trombolisado. Os indivíduos foram avaliados nas primeiras horas após terem sido submetidos à terapia trombolítica, e após 7 dias ou no momento da alta da unidade de internamento. Resultados: O desfecho principal foi a presença ou não de marcha independente até o sétimo dia de internamento ou até a alta da unidade. A variável resposta foi o número de dias necessário para recuperar a marcha, sendo analisada em 3 categorias: "1 dia”, “2 dias” e “3 ou mais dias”. Dos 32 indivíduos da amostra apenas 4 não andaram em até 7 dias após o AVC e cerca de 50% andou no primeiro dia de internamento. Houve associação significativa entre a Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg e o tempo para andar. Conclusão: O estudo sugere que a maioria dos indivíduos submetidos à trombólise para tratamento de AVC isquêmico recupera a capacidade de andar dentro de sete dias da ocorrência do evento, e que esta recuperação está associada ao equilíbrio nas primeiras horas após o AVC.
Quedas hospitalares em indivíduos com lesão medular: caracterização de uma amostra de pacientes internados em um hospital de reabilitação
Authors: Cunha Naira Beatriz Favoretto , Maia Gabriela Afonso Galante , Reuter Danyelle Rodrigues Pelegrino , Lopes Marjoyre Anne Lindozo
Published: November 2022

Queda é definida como o deslocamento não intencional, com incapacidade de correção em tempo hábil do corpo a um nível inferior à posição inicial. Quedas, em hospitais, são mais frequentes em unidades com pacientes idosos, neurológicos e de reabilitação. Objetivos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de análise retrospectiva, com objetivo de caracterizar o perfil dos pacientes com lesão medular (LM) que apresentaram queda durante internação em um hospital de reabilitação e analisar a associação das características clínicas e das quedas dos pacientes com a presença ou não de dano após a queda. Método: Dados coletados de prontuários entre janeiro/2015 e dezembro/2017. A amostra compôs-se de pacientes adultos com LM. Excluídos prontuários cuja análise não permitiu o levantamento dos dados. A análise estatística utilizou medidas de tendência central e dispersão para as variáveis quantitativas e medidas de frequência para as categóricas. Utilizado teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson exato para avaliar a associação das variáveis e presença de dano após queda, com exceção da idade, analisada pelo teste Man-Whitney. Resultados: Analisados 173 prontuários. Observou-se maior frequência de quedas em homens com paraplegia, durante o dia, em atividades não supervisionadas e durante o uso de cadeira de rodas. Não houve associação entre as variáveis de caracterização da amostra e quedas com dano. Conclusão: As quedas acometeram principalmente indivíduos com lesões torácicas, usuários de cadeira de rodas, durante a locomoção, transferências e ao empiná-las. Ressalta-se a importância do treino de habilidades em cadeira de rodas para ampliar as habilidades no uso desse recurso.
Decongestion With Acetazolamide in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Across the Spectrum of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: A Prespecified Analysis From the ADVOR Trial
Authors: Martens Pieter , Dauw Jeroen , Verbrugge Frederik H. , Nijst Petra , Meekers Evelyne , Augusto Silvio Nunes , Ter Maaten Jozine M. , Damman Kevin , Mebazaa Alexandre , Filippatos Gerasimos , Ruschitzka Frank , Tang W.H. Wilson , Dupont Matthias , Mullens Wilfried
Published: November 2022

Background:

Acetazolamide inhibits proximal tubular sodium reabsorption and improved decongestion in the ADVOR (Acetazolamide in Decompensated Heart Failure with Volume Overload) trial. It remains unclear whether the decongestive effects of acetazolamide differ across the spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Methods:

This is a prespecified analysis of the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled ADVOR trial that enrolled 519 patients with acute heart failure (HF), clinical signs of volume overload (eg, edema, pleural effusion, or ascites), NTproBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) >1000 ng/L, or BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) >250 ng/mL to receive intravenous acetazolamide (500 mg once daily) or placebo in addition to standardized intravenous loop diuretics (twice that of the oral home maintenance dose). Randomization was stratified according to LVEF (≤40% or >40%). The primary end point was successful decongestion, defined as the absence of signs of volume overload within 3 days from randomization without the need for mandatory escalation of decongestive therapy because of poor urine output.

Results:

Median LVEF was 45% (25th to 75th percentile; 30% to 55%), and 43% had an LVEF ≤40%. Patients with lower LVEF were younger and more likely to be male with a higher prevalence of ischemic heart disease, higher NTproBNP, less atrial fibrillation, and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate. No interaction on the overall beneficial treatment effect of acetazolamide to the primary end point of successful decongestion (OR, 1.77 [95% CI, 1.18-2.63];
P
=0.005; all
P
values for interaction >0.401) was found when LVEF was assessed per randomization stratum (≤40% or >40%), or as HF with reduced ejection fraction, HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction, and HF with preserved ejection fraction, or on a continuous scale. Acetazolamide resulted in improved diuretic response measured by higher cumulative diuresis and natriuresis and shortened length of stay without treatment effect modification by baseline LVEF (all
P
values for interaction >0.160).

Conclusions:

When added to treatment with loop diuretics in patients with acute decompensated HF, acetazolamide improves the incidence of successful decongestion and diuretic response, and shortens length of stay without treatment effect modification by baseline LVEF.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03505788.
The Argonauts on Mount Dindymon
Authors: Giardini Alessandro
Published: November 2022

This article explores the foundation of Cybele’s cult by the Argonauts on Mount Dindymon as narrated by Apollonius of Rhodes in Book 1 of the Argonautica. It will be maintained that the differences between the ritual described by the poet and the cultic practice attested to in the tradition can be explained as a reference to the myth of Dionysus’ purification in Phrygia, which was also staged in the Grand Procession of Ptolemy II. In particular, the presence of a Dionysiac sub-pattern will be detected in the mention of the vine used for carving the statue of Cybele, which has no parallel in other sources concerning the goddess and which is linked to Dionysus in other Hellenistic poems about cult statues. It will be claimed that the reference to the Dionysiac myth may hide a political message connected with Ptolemaic imperialist ambition in Anatolia and Greece in the 3rd century BC.
Genealogies of τέχνη
Authors: Norman Max
Published: November 2022

Although Pindar’s craft imagery has long been appreciated, scholars have paid relatively little attention to technê in particular, focusing instead on the apparently more elevated, and more Pindaric, sophia. Concentrating on the odes that narrate the origins of specific technai (Pythian 12, Olympian 7, Olympian 13), this paper questions the dichotomy between technical and ethical knowledge in Pindar. Far from dismissing technê as mere banausic craft, as his critics often do, Pindar consistently presents it as a means of promoting civic and even cosmic order. I conclude with a discussion of Pythian 3, where Pindar makes explicit the metapoetics implicit in the previous poems and figures his own activity as a sort of technê. In this light, Pindaric sophia, as the practice of technê within ethical limits, emerges as a relationship of the individual to the cosmos.
The Catalogus geometrarum from the Corpus Agrimensorum
Authors: Marshall Richard M.A.
Published: November 2022

An overlooked fragmentary Latin text preserved in the Corpus of Roman Land Surveyors proves to be a translation of a lost branch of the Aratean commentary tradition. Stripped of the classicizing veneer mistakenly applied by earlier editors, the fragment can be recognized as the work of an unknown and inept late-antique Translator, perhaps working within a generation of the fragment’s earliest manuscript witness, the Codex Arcerianus. The branch of the commentary tradition used by this Translator made use of Euclid ‘the Sicilian’, an authority now absent from the surviving tradition: if this Euclid is identical with the famous geometer, as argued here, we may have radical new evidence for his homeland, hitherto unknown. The Aratean manuscript used by the Translator was equipped with interlinear Latin glosses and with illustrations of a type otherwise unattested in the surviving Aratean tradition.
Sartre’s Engagement with Hegel and Trotsky
Authors: Barot Emmanuel
Published: November 2022

Being and Nothingness argues that in the master–slave dialectic Hegel had a ‘brilliant insight’ contra solipsism, to the effect that each self-consciousness depends on other consciousnesses. Against Hegel, however, Sartre claims that the separation of the for-itself remains an insurmountable ‘scandal’ and that collectivity can at best exist as a ‘de-totalised totality’, never as Subject. In a confrontation with Hegelian Sittlichkeit, Notebooks for an Ethics extends this analysis to the historical modalities of the mutual recognition of freedoms. A ‘concrete ethics’ must be ‘revolutionary socialist’, centrally concerned with ‘the dialectic of the ends and means of revolution’. Finally, Sartre’s analysis of the dialectic of society and the state in the Critique of Dialectical Reason explains why sovereignty can never be the embodiment of an imaginary Subject. Sartre thus ultimately occupies a highly distinctive middle ground between Hegel’s Philosophy of Right and Marx’s critique of Hegel. A fulcrum of the argument, focused on Notebooks for an Ethics, consists in a comparison between Sartre and Trotsky’s Their Morals and Ours.
Reforming University Psychiatry: A History of the Implementation of Sectorization at the University Psychiatric Clinic of Strasbourg (1960s–1990s)
Authors: Gahlen Gundula , Serina Florent
Published: November 2022

This paper examines the impact of sectorization, a central feature of French psychiatric reform, on the University of Strasbourg Psychiatric Clinic. The analysis begins with the first considerations surrounding sectorization in the 1960s; from there, the paper investigates how the Clinic was integrated into the sectorization of the Bas-Rhin from 1973 onwards, before ending with the sectoral repartition and thoughts about the de-sectorization of the Clinic in the early 1990s. The following questions are examined: What demands were placed on the Clinic in the course of sectorization and how did it deal with them? How and in which phases did the areas of responsibility of the university Clinic change as a result of sectorization? How did the number of patients and the patient structure change? What new sectoral care structures were established outside the Clinic, and how did they influence the work of its staff? The study reveals that, despite recognizing the importance of the new tasks of the psychiatric sector, the Strasbourg Clinic was primarily concerned with maintaining its traditional activities and was very successful in doing so. At the same time, this individual path led to delays in the development of sector structures and to tensions with regional hospitals and authorities.
Mischochalcis, an enigmatic new genus of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from the Old World tropics with the description of a new species
Authors: RANJITH A.P. , PRIYADARSANAN DHARMA RAJAN , DELVARE GÉRARD
Published: November 2022

A new chalcidid genus, Mischochalcis (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), is erected with the description M. enigmatus sp. nov. from the Western Ghats as the type species. An Afrotropical species, initially described in Haltichella Spinola, is transferred into the new genus as Mischochalcis inermis (Schmitz) comb. nov. The new genus belongs to the very diverse subfamily Haltichellinae and differs from other genera of the subfamily in having an obliquely truncate metatibia in which the truncation ends in a spine formed by the continuation of an additional carina. The systematic placement of Mischochalcis and its presence in two distant biogeographic realms showing disrupted distribution are discussed.
Three new species of Culex (Melanoconion) (Diptera: Culicidae) from French Guiana based on morphological and molecular data
Authors: TALAGA STANISLAS , GENDRIN MATHILDE
Published: November 2022

Culex mosquitoes of the subgenus Melanoconion Theobald, 1903 of the genus Culex Linnaeus, 1758 include numerous species recognized as vectors of viruses affecting humans. This subgenus is the most speciose among the entire mosquito fauna of the Americas. Despite decades of taxonomic research, many species remain undiscovered, especially in the Amazonian biome. In this article, we provide the description of three new species of Culex (Melanoconion) recently discovered in a biological reserve in French Guiana. Culex (Mel.) sallumae n. sp., Cx. (Mel.) hutchingsae n. sp. and Cx. (Mel.) lucakermanni n. sp. are described based on both morphological features of the male genitalia and molecular barcodes obtained from type specimens. Diagnostic characters to assist their identification are provided and their placement within the infrasubgeneric classification of the subgenus Melanoconion is discussed.
The Impact of Protective Devices Across the Spectrum of Trauma Care and Across Racial Groupings
Authors: Montas Genevieve , Nwaiwu Chibueze , Stephen Andrew H. , Heffernan Daithi S.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Protective devices such as seat belts and helmets save lives. Most studies only address one aspect of the injury profile – compliance or mortality – not the entire spectrum of trauma care, and little attention is paid to racial differences in the use or impact of protective devices.

Methods

Patients with blunt mechanisms where using protective devices would be expected were included and were divided into utilizing (P) vs not utilizing protection (Non-P). Chart review included demographics, injuries sustained, hemodynamics, and blood alcohol level. Outcomes included need for emergent operation, complications and death.

Results

Non-P patients were more likely male, presented at night and intoxicated. Highest risk behavior (intoxicated Non-P) presented at night (25.7% of nighttime presentations), and rarely during daytime (6.7% daytime presentations). Non-P were more likely hypotensive and sustain a traumatic brain injury. No race related differences were noted among young patients. Among older (>/=50 years) patients, White patients were least likely Non-P and least likely presented at night. Non-P required more emergent operative intervention, ICU admission, and longer hospital stay. Overall, Non-P was associated with increased risk of death (OR = 1.6 (95% CI = 1.28 – 2.11).

Conclusion

Given unique age and racial differences, we advocate for culturally and age specific public service campaigns.
Application of Pharmacogenomics Testing in a Community-based Facility
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Paul Sue , Arbet Renee Noel , Lin Alex C.
Published: November 2022

This study was designed to examine the use of pharmacogenomics (PGx) testing in a community-based facility, the adoption of the PGx recommendations by providers, and assess challenges and opportunities for pharmacists in using PGx testing in a real-world setting. This was a retrospective study involving chart reviews of 137 patients with mood disorders who underwent PGx testing between September 2017 and December 2017. Eighty-seven patients who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed to evaluate the impact of PGx testing on psychotropic medication treatment and to evaluate the PGx test process. PGx test results were used by providers to guide their therapeutic modifications based on the gene-drug interactions identified. Patient medication use increased from 125 to 190 ( P < .001) prescriptions. Patient medication belonging to no gene-drug interaction significantly increased from 46.4% to 87.4% ( P < .001), medications belonging to moderate and significant gene-drug interaction decreased from 32.8% to 7.9% ( P < .001) and 11.2% to 2.1% ( P = .012), respectively. 88.5% of patients’ psychotropic medication treatment after PGx testing was consistent with the PGx test report recommendations. The PGx test lengths of time analysis indicated that patient follow-up exceeded the standard time set by guidelines at multiple steps in the test process. There are multiple opportunities for pharmacists to become involved in the PGx testing process to improve patient care.
An improved faster RCNN-based weld ultrasonic atlas defect detection method
Authors: Chen Changhong , Wang Shaofeng , Huang Shunzhou
Published: November 2022

In view of the complex multi-scale target detection environment of ultrasonic atlas of weld defect and the poor detection performance of existing algorithms for the multiple small target defects, the Faster RCNN convolution neural network is applied to weld defect detection, and a Fast RCNN deep learning network is proposed in combination with an improved ResNet 50. Based on the coexistence of multiple small targets and multi-scale target detection, this paper proposes to combine deformable network, FPN network and ResNet50 to improve the detection performance of the algorithm for multi-scale targets, especially small targets. Based on the efficiency and accuracy of candidate frame selection, K-means clustering algorithm and ROI Align algorithm are proposed, and the anchors points and candidate frames suitable for weld defect data sets are customized for accurate positioning. Through the self-made ultrasonic atlas data set of weld defects and experimental verification of the improved algorithm in this paper, the overall mean average precision has reaches 93.72%, and the average precision of small target defects such as “stoma” and “crack” has reaches 92.5% and 88.9% respectively, which is 4.8% higher than the original Faster RCNN algorithm. At the same time, through the ablation experiments and comparison experiments with other mainstream target detection algorithms, it is proved that the improved method proposed in this paper improves the detection performance and is superior to other algorithms. The actual industrial detection scene proves that it basically meets the requirements of weld defect detection, and can provide a reference for the intelligent detection method of weld defects.
A global fast terminal sliding mode control for trajectory tracking of unmanned aerial manipulation
Authors: Fang Qian , Mao Pengjun , Shen Lirui , Wang Jun
Published: November 2022

Unmanned Aerial Manipulation (UAM) is a novel type of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) equipped with manipulators instead of manual operation in hazardous and unreachable environments. The combination of UAV and manipulator unavoidably causes a significant predicament due to the increase of nonlinearity and coupling of the UAM system. Consequently, the system’s robustness becomes more vulnerable in the presence of system uncertainty and external disturbance. In addition, as a real-time embedded system, rapid and precise tracking of the desired trajectory is an essential aspect of UAM performance. This study aims to establish the dynamic model of UAM and propose a global fast terminal sliding mode controller for trajectory tracking. The controller is derived from Lyapunov theory to ensure the stability of the closed-loop system. We propose a set of illustrative metrics to evaluate the performance of the designed controller and compare it with the other two controllers by simulation. The results show that the proposed controller can effectively reduce the convergence time of tracking error and has good robustness and mechanical properties. And experimental results also verified its effectiveness.
UK agriculture at a crossroads
Authors: Franks Jeremy R.
Published: November 2022

UK farming is at a crossroads. Its continued dependency on decoupled direct payments, shortage of investment finance, difficulties in changing cost structure and the reduced scope to differentiate and diversity sources of farm revenue, exacerbated by the unprecedented increases in the price of key inputs, means farmers face stark choices with fewer remaining effective management options. This study reviews two previous crossroads moments in UK agriculture and considers how the current crossroads moment is different from those. It then provides an estimate of the impacts of the current challenges on the size of the future farming population, based on the methodology used by McInerney. The inter-farm distribution of assets, debts and earnings, differences in farm specialisation, availability of finance and farm-succession arrangements mean it is not easy to identify which individual farms are most likely to fail. Nevertheless, upland grazing, lowland grazing and mixed farm-types seem to be the most vulnerable. Assuming low but realistic returns to fixed and working capital and income/farm, the future farming population is estimated to be 138,000: a 23% reduction from the number of 2019 farming population. The population falls to 15,000 if all subsidies paid in 2021 are removed from the calculation. The actual fall will be smaller than this because farmers will develop new revenue streams and farming systems. But a reduction even approaching 23% is likely to result in more generous assistance being made available, and perhaps even a reversal of some key elements of the new policies.
HISTORY AND FUTURE PERCEPTIVE OF CIVIL–MILITARY RELATIONS IN CHINA
Authors: Usman Sahibzada Muhammad
Published: November 2022

This article examines how civil-military relations have changed in China. This is conducted in the context of long-term efforts to make the military more professional and to understand how civilians and soldiers interact today. Current analyses of Chinese civil-military relations have focused on the military's professionalization. However, the recent evaluations do not entirely include the lessons learned from past professionalization phases in the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) history. I focus on the continuity between different events in China's civil and military history by looking at the critical links that made it possible for military professionalization to change what had happened before between the Chinese Communist Party and the PLA. The potential impact of further professionalization of the PLA in contemporary civil-military interactions is also examined.
Connected or Cutoff? A 4-Year Longitudinal Study of the Links Between Adolescents’ Compulsive Internet Use and Social Support
Authors: Donald James N. , Ciarrochi Joseph , Guo Jiesi
Published: November 2022

As the online world plays an increasing role in young peoples’ lives, research on compulsive internet use (CIU) is receiving growing attention. Given the social richness of the online world, there is a need to better understand how CIU influences adolescents’ social support and vice versa. Drawing on ecological systems theory, we examined the longitudinal links between adolescents’ CIU and perceived social support from three sources (parents, teachers, and friends) across 4 critical years of adolescence (Grades 8–11). Using random intercept cross-lagged modeling, we found that CIU consistently preceded reduced social support from teachers, whereas social support from parents preceded increases in CIU over time. We discuss the implications of our findings for parents and schools seeking to support young people experiencing CIU.
The challenge of dietary management in soft drink consumption and its oral and systemic repercussions
Authors: Mengoa Maria Gabriela Robles , Rangel Bianca Tavares , Garcia Amanda Aparecida Maia Neves , Sugio Carolina Yoshi Campos , Gomes Anna Clara Gurgel , Sugio Carina Toshie Campos , Orikasa Gabriel Takeshi , Neppelenbroek Karin Hermana
Published: November 2022

Background:Soft drinks are drinks high in sugar and acidity, but low in nutritional benefits. Despite its great popularity, its consumption is alerted due to the numerous systemic harm caused. Aim:This work aims to provide information and critically review the literature on the risk of soft drink consumption in an integrative view with nutritional, dental, and medical aspects. Methods:A search was carried out based on the identification of the theme, determination of inclusion and exclusion criteria, selection of databases for research and, finally, the reading, interpretation, and discussion of the selected sources. A search was conducted using the keywords: “soft drinks” AND “obesity” OR “dental erosion” OR “diabetes” OR “hypertension” OR “mental health” OR “multimorbidities” in databases PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS between 2017 and 2022. Results:Seventy-six studies were included in the article after the qualitative synthesis. Conclusion:We conclude that the high consumption of soft drinks is associated with oral and general diseases. Therefore, a multi-professional approach to guide patients to moderate the consumption of these beverages is extremely important.
Grasping transformative regional development – Exploring intersections between industrial paths and sustainability transitions
Authors: Chlebna Camilla , Martin Hanna , Mattes Jannika
Published: November 2022

A comprehensive perspective of transformative regional development is pertinent considering complex present and future challenges such as the climate crisis. Particularly in face of ecological boundaries which manifest themselves in limited resources and result in social disputes, a realistic grip on transformative regional development is of utmost importance. To advance this field, we propose a research agenda that draws on the debates on regional industrial path development and sustainability transitions. We define two core dimensions: interrelations between several industrial paths and interrelations between regions and between spatial scales. We argue that both dimensions need to be considered against ecological boundaries and as embedded in social dynamics. We combine specific questions on these interrelations into a research agenda.
The Development and Implementation of a Model to Facilitate Self-Awareness of Professionalism for Enrolled Nurses
Authors: de Klerk Tracey , Temane Annie , Downing Charlene
Published: November 2022

Within the South African context, the nursing profession comprises different nursing cadres. The enrolled nurse is considered a sub-category of nursing and therefore does not carry the title of ‘professional’ as in a professional nurse. The purpose of the study was to develop, describe, implement, and evaluate a model for the facilitation of self-awareness for the professionalism of enrolled nurses at a specific nursing agency in Gauteng. A theory generating, qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design was used and was conducted following Chinn and Kramer's four stages of model development. The model can benefit nursing education because it relates to an essential aspect of growth and maturity in one's career. Ultimately, the facilitation of self-awareness for professionalism can advance one's career, or the lack of self-awareness may impede one's career. Developing, describing, implementing and evaluating this model to facilitate self-awareness for the professionalism of enrolled nurses at a specific nursing agency in Gauteng provides an original contribution to the theory in nursing professionalism and ethos. This model can be utilised as a tool to facilitate self-awareness for the professionalism of enrolled nurses at a nursing agency.
Work Therapy: Extractive Labour as Therapeutic Intervention
Authors: Hatton Erin
Published: November 2022

This article examines ‘work therapy’ in the US, a sprawling but overlooked realm of work in which people are put to work—usually without pay and employment rights—in the name of ‘therapy’. For whom is work constructed as ‘therapy’, this article asks, what is deemed therapeutic about labour, and what are its consequences? Through content analysis of organisational documents, this article finds ‘work therapy’ to be a mechanism for disciplining and extracting labour from already-marginalised populations. Yet not all ‘work therapy’ programmes are equally disciplinary and extractive, and so this article distinguishes between those of extractive exclusion and extractive inclusion. Despite such variation, however, the commonalities between these programmes overshadow their differences. For, when organisations discursively frame work as ‘therapy’, their goal is to put marginalised groups to work in underpaid or unpaid jobs, while justifying workers’ low or non-existent wages with unfounded claims of medical treatment.
The Industrial Front and the Pandemic Crisis in Brazil: The Missing Agenda
Authors: Vilha Anapatricia Morales , Bresciani Luis Paulo , Arevalo Guilherme
Published: November 2022

The article seeks to identify the government initiatives to mobilise the Brazilian industry during the pandemic crisis. The motivation for the work stems from evidence showing the omissions at the federal level, with relevant implications for the death figures in Brazil. Public policies agenda and a conceptual review was carried out on industrial reconversion in severe emergency conditions, including international experiences in the current scenario. A documental survey was conducted with the federal government and selected state governments. The survey was carried out on the official portals of governments, related agencies and business entities representing the industrial sector. Lack of industry-coordinated mobilisation is given by the combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors concerning the pandemic crisis, industrial reconversion is another relevant absence at the public agenda. Weak answers of Brazilian government regarding the industrial mobilisation for fighting the pandemic crisis, leading to further hypotheses on the structured agenda of possible effects. The study shows weakness of federal measures coming from the Brazilian government also in the economic front, adding the industrial reconversion absence in the policies agenda as another remarkable feature on the health impacts of COVID-19 pandemics.
News Media Exposure and Community Consensus on Terrorism in a Developing Country: First and Second Level Agenda-Setting Effects
Authors: Yousaf Muhammad , Hu Zhengrong , Raza Syed Hassan
Published: November 2022

This study investigates how increased news media use corresponds to an increasing consensus among different subgroups in society regarding social issues (first level of agenda-setting) and consensus on the attributes of the terrorism issue (second level of agenda-setting). With its cross-sectional design, the study, includes a content analysis of three leading newspapers and three television channels, coupled with a systematic random sample survey of the audience. Results indicated that news media use and consensus-building studies regarding an agenda of important issues confronting the community were not replicated within the Pakistani public. In contrast, the pattern of increased news media use and consensus on the attributes of the terrorism issue was strongly replicated in Pakistan. The findings further showed that news media reduced differences among divergent demographic subgroups and contributed to how these groups think about and understand issues. It was concluded that news media, by emphasising certain aspects of terrorism, contributed to the development of social consensus among diversified segments of a population concerning to their opinion about different aspects of terrorism. Thus, the media must be free of political and ideological pressures to act as a pluralistic platform to form an informed public opinion.
Experience and Educational Needs of Arab Parental Caregivers Regarding their Children Newly Diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Yacoub Mohammed , Rosengren Kristina , D’emeh Waddah
Published: November 2022

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is a common chronic health condition in children that necessitates close monitoring and care. Parents face numerous challenges when caring for children with T1DM, particularly at home owing to self-care. There is little information available about Arab parents’ experiences and educational needs when caring for children with TIDM. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences and educational needs of Arab parental caregivers in Saudi Arabia who live with and care for children diagnosed with T1DM. An inductive qualitative descriptive design was used in this study. The data were amassed over a 4 month period through audio-recorded semi-structured interviews with 16 Arab parents of children aged 18 years and under who had been diagnosed with T1DM within the previous 6 months. Data were analyzed through a qualitative content analysis. The results could be classified into 3 categories related to the parents’ experience of caring for a child newly diagnosed with T1DM and their educational needs and can be described as follows: (1) management of uncertainty regarding T1DM; (2) management of new daily life situations; and (3) self-care management within the family. The Arab parents of children with T1DM accentuated the need for continuous professional support to manage uncertainty due to changes in everyday life situations. The findings confirmed the significance of culturally and contextually relevant education regarding T1DM for parents, children, and school personnel. Educational interventions and support in the community are recommended to improve daily life situations for families and children with T1DM.
Ab-externo intraluminal stent for prolonged hypotony and choroidal detachment after Preserflo implantation
Authors: Lupardi Enrico , Laffi Gian Luca , Ciardella Antonio , Barboni Piero , Fontana Luigi
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To describe a case of prolonged hypotony and choroidal detachment following insertion of a Preserflo™ MicroShunt in a patient with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Case report

An 84-year-old Caucasian man with medically uncontrolled POAG developed refractory hypotony and choroidal detachment following a mitomycin C augmented Preserflo MicroShunt (PMS) insertion. Initial medical treatment with Dexamethasone 2 mg/mL and Atropine 1% for the hypotony (4 mmHg) and choroidal detachment was unsuccessful, BCVA decreased from the preoperative 20/28 to 20/60. After 90 days, surgery revision was carried out by inserting a 10-0 nylon monofilament suture through the distal end of the PMS reaching the opposite end of the tube. The free end of the nylon suture was exposed from the conjunctiva in the inferotemporal quadrant close to the fornix to ensure access to the occlusive stent. After one month intraocular pressure (IOP) was 7 mmHg, the choroidal detachment was completely regressed, and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) increased to 20/28, at that time the exposed part of the stent was trimmed. 6 months after the revision surgery IOP was 14 mmHg, BCVA was 20/25, and the nylon stent was retained side to side inside the PMS lumen.

Conclusion

The management of hypotony and choroidal detachment after a glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implantation is still unstandardized. The ab externo insertion of a nylon suture grants multiple advantages over the other techniques when performed on a PMS tube.
Exploring tourist interaction from user-generated content: Topic analysis and content analysis
Authors: Yan Qiang , Jiang Ting , Zhou Simin , Zhang Xiaoyan
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to identify the interaction actors, experiences, and results of tourists during their travels. Latent Dirichlet Allocation theme analysis was used to identify different themes in 9254 TripAdvisor items of user-generated content (UGC) and 15600 items of Sina Weibo UGC. A content analysis of 2000 UGC items was conducted using NVivo 11 software to uncover the details of tourist interactions. The study results showed that tourists preferred to share reviews on TripAdvisor and emotions on Sina Weibo. Seven types of tourist interaction actors were found: city, attractions, natural environment, companions, other tourists, residents, and service personnel. Seven emotions were generated in positive or negative interactions: joy, happiness, missing, awe, belonging, disappointment, and anger. Our findings provide insights for tourism managers and marketeers.
Navigating their child’s attachment-related difficulties: Parents’ journey from shame into awareness
Authors: Crompton Chloe , Wan Ming W , Dewan Sarita , Wittkowski Anja
Published: November 2022

Attachment-related difficulties frequently present in child and adolescent clinical services. Yet how parents engage with being informed of their child’s attachment-related difficulties is little understood. In this qualitative study, ten parents with a birth child with attachment-related difficulties, as informed by a relevant service, and six healthcare professionals, were interviewed. The aim was to explore both perspectives on how parents experienced and engaged with this process, of their understanding of the child’s difficulties and the supports they engaged with. Using grounded theory, the parental journey from shame to awareness is described, based around four main themes: failing as a parent, the process of making sense, a call to action, and awareness of attachment and interrelated difficulties. The intensity of shame and defensive processes felt by parents came through strongly in narratives, forming a key barrier to sense-making and action, while specific clinical, personal and support/resource characteristics facilitated progress. The findings highlight how parents can be better supported into a space of attachment-related awareness and understanding, which may in turn facilitate more positive outcomes for the child. The study also raises wide ranging implications relevant to all involved in the investment, planning and delivery of care for this client group.
Trust in science, medicine and medical providers and its relations to vaccine beliefs: A latent class analysis
Authors: Sanmarchi Francesco , Gibertoni Dino , Golinelli Davide , Gori Davide , Fantini Maria Pia , Scheier Lawrence M.
Published: November 2022

Aim:

People may differ in their vaccine-related beliefs (i.e. efficacy, safety, purpose), with a host of factors influencing these differences. This can produce homogeneous groups of individuals who share certain beliefs, attitudes and opinions not only towards vaccines but science and medicine in general. This study aims to characterise distinct subgroups and identify ideal targets for tailored public health interventions to reinforce favourable vaccine beliefs.

Methods:

Latent class analysis was used to derive unique profiles using the 2019 Gallup survey of 140 countries. We modelled a composite of vaccine beliefs and regressed this on class membership and relevant covariates.

Results:

Patterns of item endorsement indicated a well-fitting five-class model, with classes distinguished based on whether individuals sought personal knowledge about science, medicine and health; trusted science and scientists; and reported confidence in the health care system. The lowest levels of vaccine beliefs were reported by a class lacking trust and confidence and the highest levels were reported by a class endorsing trust, confidence and desiring medical and scientific knowledge. Country-level income was moderately related to class membership, and vaccine beliefs were higher in lower-income countries.

Conclusions:

Findings suggest that public health campaigns can focus on improving trust in science and medical providers. Efforts to improve vaccination rates can only be achieved when individuals trust science, view the work of scientists as beneficial and hold favourable views towards health care providers. Individuals will then accrue the necessary wisdom to make good health care decisions that affect not only themselves but also their fellow citizens.
Markers of sarcopenia increase 30-day mortality following emergency laparotomy: A systematic review
Authors: Brzeszczyński Filip F. , Brzeszczyńska Joanna I.
Published: November 2022

Background and objective:

Decreased skeletal muscle mass and quality are one of the several markers used for sarcopenia diagnosis and are generally associated with increased rates of post-operative infections, poorer recovery and increased mortality. The aim of this review was to evaluate methods applied to detect markers of sarcopenia and the associated outcomes for patients undergoing emergency laparotomy.

Methods:

This review was conducted with reference to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. MEDLINE, Embase and Google Scholar databases were searched. Studies detecting patients with sarcopenia or skeletal muscle decline markers and the associated outcomes after emergency laparotomy surgery were considered. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate publication quality.

Results:

Out of 103 studies, which were screened, 19 full-text records were reviewed and 7 studies were ultimately analyzed. The study cohort sizes ranged from n = 46 to n = 967. The age range was 36–95 years. There were 1107 females (53%) and 973 males (47%) across all 7 studies. All studies measured psoas muscle mass and three studies assessed psoas muscle quality using computerized tomography (CT) imaging. No study assessed muscle strength or function, while five studies showed an association between low muscle mass and increased mortality rates after emergency laparotomy. Among the three studies, which assessed muscle quality, two of three studies showed poorer 30-day survival rates.

Conclusions:

The existing literature is limited, however it indicates that low psoas muscle mass and quality markers are associated with increased 30-day mortality rates after emergency laparotomy. Therefore, muscle markers can be used as a new feasible tool to identify most at risk patients requiring further interventions.