bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Visual Metonymy in Japanese Children’s Books Intended for Two Levels of Reader's Age: A Multimodal Approach
Authors: Puspitasari Dewi
Published: July 2022

This research aims to investigate the function of visual metonymy (supported by verbal metonymy) in a Japanese-language storybook for children, categorized into two levels of reader's age. The storybook used is a recommendation from the Japanese Board on Books for Young People and meets the standard of the quality book according to the award of Hans Christian Anderson. The author applied two approaches, namely metonymy from a cognitive linguistic perspective and metonymy from a social semiotic perspective. The social semiotic perspective was used to identify the character manifestation by applying theory from Painter et al. (2014) as the development of theory from Kress & van Leeuwen (2020). A cognitive linguistic perspective was used to analyze the relevance between the source domain and a target domain and to map the domain-internal nature of metonymic based on Forceville (2009); Ruiz de Mendoza & Diez Velasco (2003). The next analysis step was to process data, namely the amount of character manifestation in the storybook and two levels of reader's age, by using Chi-square test software. This step was performed to see whether or not there is a relation between these two variables. This research used a mixed method, as stated by Creswell (2020). The research shows the result that character manifestation that is completely illustrated is found more frequently in storybooks intended for readers at the age of zero to five. Meanwhile, character manifestation that is illustrated in metonymies is more frequently found in storybooks intended for readers at the age of six to ten. The whole metonymies in the storybook can be mapped into source-in-target metonymies. Based on the data interpretation processed with Chi-square test software, it generally shows a relationship that is significant between visual metonymies in the storybook and the age level of readers. Thus, it can be concluded that the function of visual metonymies in Japanese-language storybooks was used to highlight essential aspects of characters and story plot and to establish a bond between characters in the book and readers. Besides, the emergence of the visual metonymies in the storybook considers the target age of readers.
Civilized War within American Librarianship
Authors: Colón-Aguirre Mónica , Cooke Nicole A. , Hussey Lisa K.
Published: July 2022

Library and information science (LIS) has struggled throughout the years with seeking to improve diversity, representation, and retention in the profession. Yet, despite a broad range of efforts, the profession, particularly in the U.S., remains mostly white, which mirrors American higher education in general. This disparity makes it imperative for the field to recognize more subtle forms of racism, such as colorblindness or the belief that the U.S. has moved into a post-racial world. This work will present strategies that LIS educators and librarians can employ to battle colorblindness through specific interventions in the LIS classroom. We believe LIS educators and librarians are uniquely positioned in higher education to impact students' learning when it comes to navigating the issues of racism in modern-day society. Here, we use reflective practice to explore ways in which we, as LIS educators and professionals, have dealt with racism and various related topics in the LIS classroom without falling into the trap of colorblindness. Our goal is to advance conversations related to colorblindness in higher education to allow it to be tackled and appropriately managed to benefit both students and faculty.
Reciprocity of Perfectionism and Feelings of Guilt and Shame Among Employees of Police Suffering from Somatized Disorder
Authors:   Ph.D., Medical Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia across Moscow, Moscow, Russia, Bezchasniy K.V.
Published: July 2022

To assess the structural and dynamic characteristics of moral and etical qualities and the effect of perfectionism on their formation, employees of internal affairs bodies suffering from somatized disorder were examined 58 employees who were diagnosed according to ICD-10 criteria (F. 45.0). During the study, the role of perfectionism was outlined as a factor that affects the expression of feelings of guilt and shame due to the tendency to set difficult goals and tasks, and the presence of polarized («black and white») thinking. Proposals are given for using the obtained data in psychoprophylactic work with police officers, which will contribute to improving their service reliability.
Features of the Activity of Biological Banks: World Practice
Authors:   A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia, Astrelina T.A. , Samoilov A.S. ,   A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2022

The features and problems of the development of biological banks are presented. Biological banks (Biobanks) play an important role in obtaining information and are a key link in diagnostics in the identification of new biomarkers of diseases, the development of prognostic tests and treatment – the creation of new targeted drugs for cancer and therapy. In the developing world, the role of biobanks is constantly increasing. The capabilities of biobanks make it possible to conduct a large-scale scientific analysis, to benefit the scientific community, the health of patients, and donors in the form of information about the diagnosis, prognosis, recommendations for the prevention and treatment of diseases. The continuous development of biobanks is supported by many years of experience and serves as a guide for the creation of new biobanks. Local government and the legal system must be ready for the development of biobanks. The interdisciplinary nature of biobanks contributes to the development of biomedical research and clinical practice.
Patrimonio Mundia, ¿oportunidad para los pueblos?
Authors: Baena Gallé José Manuel , Peralta Guerrero Pablo
Published: July 2022

Se pretende poner en consideración los aspectos positivos y negativos de la inclusión de un bien patrimonial en la Lista de Patrimonio Mundial. Entre los primeros se valoran la participación social efectiva en su declaración, su mayor conocimiento y los recursos y desarrollo que puede aportar para el territorio. Entre los negativos se observala excesiva dependencia para todo ello del fenómeno turístico lo que puede desvirtuar el delicado ecosistema que hace que el patrimonio exista. Para todo ello se debe buscar el equilibrio entre todos los aspectos buscando la apropiación efectiva y afectiva por parta de la ciudadanía y de los visitantes de los elementos patrimoniales para contribuir de esta forma a su protección activa y a su mejor conocimiento. Y esta es una función que corresponde a las instituciones pero también a la propia sociedad civil.
“HPV Aşısı Haktır”: Halk Sağlığı Sosyal Hizmeti Perspektifinden HPV İle İlgili Tweetlerin Analizi
Authors: Pak Güre Merve Deniz , Karataş Mustafa , Başcıllar Mehmet
Published: July 2022

İnsan Papillomavirüsü (HPV) yaygın görülen cinsel yolla bulaşan enfeksiyonlardan olup ürogenital kanserlerin başlıca nedenlerindendir. Bu enfeksiyon etkeni ve ortaya çıkardığı hastalıklarla mücadele edebilmek için halk sağlığı çalışmaları gerekmektedir. Halk sağlığı sosyal hizmeti bu alanda faaliyet göstermekte; makro uygulamalarla bu enfeksiyonlara yönelik toplumsal algının belirlenmesi için çalışmalar yapmaktadır. Toplumdaki bireyler görüşlerini sosyal medyada paylaşmaktadır. Bu görüşlerin değerlendirilmesi için bu araştırmada halk sağlığı sosyal hizmeti perspektifinden HPV ile ilgili tweetlerin analizi edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. 18.06.2021-18.12.2021 tarihleri arasında rahimağzıkanserihpv,#hpvasısıucretsizolsun, #HPV, #HPVAşısı, #hpvtedavisi etiketleri ile Twitter’da paylaşılan 657 tweetin içerik analizi MAXQDA programıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin edinilmesinin ardından kodlamaları yapılmış; veriler içeriğine ve konusuna göre kategorilendirilmiş; birbiriyle ilişkisi olduğu düşünülen kategoriler bir araya getirilerek temalar oluşturulmuştur. Analizlerde beş tema ile 26 kategori oluşturulmuştur. Bunlar HPV’nin sosyal boyutu, politika önerileri, aşıya yönelik farkındalık sağlayıcı çalışmalar, duygusal tepkiler ve aşının ücretsiz olması şeklinde sunulmuştur. HPV’ye ilişkin bilgi eksikliğinin giderilmesi, farkındalık yaratılması, aşının ücretsiz sunulması ve koruyucu-önleyici hizmetlerin desteklenmesi için halk sağlığı sosyal hizmetinin gerekli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
COVID-19 Salgınının Türkiye’de Tıbbi Sosyal Çalışma Uygulamalarına Yansıması
Authors: Aca Zeynep , Akalın Hürü , Solmaz Umut
Published: July 2022

COVID-19 salgını, tıbbi sosyal çalışma açısından daha önce bir benzeri görülmemiş, alışılmadık birçok zorlukla baş etmeyi gerektiren dinamik bir alan yaratmıştır. Bu anlamda çalışma, Türkiye’de COVID-19 salgının tıbbi sosyal çalışma uygulaması üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktadır. Derinlemesine görüşmelere dayanan ve örnek olay çalışması kullanılan araştırmada kartopu örnekleme yöntemiyle 15 tıbbi sosyal çalışmacı ile görüşülmüştür. 3 Temmuz-20 Temmuz 2021 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilen görüşmelerin tamamı çevrimiçi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların onayı ile kaydedilen görüşmeler, ardından aslına uygun olarak yazıya dökülmüştür. Bulgular, COVID-19’un yönetiminde karşılaşılan zorlukları, katılımcıların rutinleri- değişen rutinleri, kaynaklarını, COVID-19’la mücadelenin sosyal çalışma müdahaleleri üzerindeki etkisini; müdahalelerinin kapsamını, katılımcılara COVID-19’un yansımalarını–öz farkındalıklarını ve anlam arayışını, hizmet içi eğitimin içeriğine ilişkindir. Özellikle tıbbi sosyal çalışma uygulamasıyla ilgili olsa da, salgının yarattığı kriz ve travmalar, bulguların hem tıbbi sosyal çalışmaya hem de başka alanlara uygulanabilirliği ima eder. Çalışma, salgın sırasında kanıta dayalı bir çalışma olduğundan, acil durumlarda gelecekteki uygulamalar için dersler çıkarma ve acil eylem planlar hazırlamada rehberlik edicidir.
Çevresel Adaletsizlik Mağduru Grupların İhtiyaçlarını Karşılamada Yeni Bir Model Önerisi: ‘‘Yeşil Sosyal Hizmet Birimleri Kurulması’’
Authors: Kaya Örk Eda , Çömez Polat Filiz
Published: July 2022

Sosyal hizmet bireyleri biyopsikososyal boyutlarıyla çevresi içinde değerlendirmektedir. Çevresi içinde birey yaklaşımı bireylerin sosyal çevresi kadar fiziksel çevresini de ele almaktadır. Bu bakış sosyal hizmetin dezavantajlı grupların haklarını savunurken aynı zamanda çevresel sürdürebilirliği de gözetmesini gerektirir. Çevresel felaketler ve iklim değişikliğinin en çok etkilediği gruplar sosyal hizmetin halihazırdaki müracaatçı gruplarını oluşturmaktadır. Bu gruplar çevresel felaketlere karşı daha savunmasız olması nedeniyle dezavantajlı durumları derinleşebilmektedir. Bu çalışma iklim değişikliği ve çevresel problemler sonucu dezavantajlı duruma düşen kişilere yönelik; bilgilendirme, sosyal yardım, savunuculuk ve danışmanlık hizmetleri sunmayı amaçlayan Yeşil Sosyal Hizmet Birimlerini model olarak önermektedir. Yeşil Sosyal Hizmet Birimleri çevresel sürdürülebilirliğin ve çevresel adaletin sağlanabilmesi için bütüncül bir ekososyal yaklaşımı benimsemektedir.
Sosyal Medya Kullanıcı Hesabı Sözleşmelerinin Dijital Tereke Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: DOĞANCI Doğa Ekrem
Published: July 2022

Günümüzde her alanda artan oranda görülen dijitalleşme diğer hukuk alanları gibi miras hukukunda da farklı hukuki tartışmaları beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu bağlamda güncel bir konu olarak miras hukuku uygulamasında dijital tereke kavramıyla karşılaşmaktayız. Dijital tereke (devletler özel hukuku ve fikri mülkiyet hukuku gibi) diğer hukuk dalları yanında özellikle miras hukuku, kişiler hukuku, eşya hukuku, kişisel verilerin korunması hukuku, sözleşme hukuku gibi çeşitli alanların kesiştiği bir konudur. Bu konuya ilişkin ucu açık birçok husus bulunmakta olup bu durum hukuki belirsizlik yaratmaktadır. İncelememiz özellikle miras ve kişiler hukuku çerçevesinde yürütülecektir. Bu anlamda çalışmada eşya hukuku, vesayet hukuku, kişisel verilerin korunması hukuku ve sözleşme hukukuna ilişkin sadece tamamlayıcı açıklamalar yapılacaktır.
Öncelikle dijital değerlerin terekeye intikalini ve bunun kapsamını inceleyeceğiz. Tereke kavramı ve mirasın kazanılması hakkında genel bilgiler aktardıktan sonra, bunları dijital tereke bağlamında değerlendireceğiz. Daha sonra kişinin ölümünden sonra kişilik hakkının devam edip etmeyeceğine ilişkin görüşleri ve dijital tereke özelinde kendi değerlendirmelerimizi aktaracağız. Çalışmanın bu bölümünde çatışan menfaatler, buna ilişkin görüşümüz ve temel sorun ortaya konacaktır.

İncelemenin ilerleyen bölümlerinde sistematik bir bakış açısıyla medeni kanunun çeşitli kitaplarında yer alan hükümler dikkate alınarak bazı önerilerimiz aktarılacaktır. Bunun yanında tamamlayıcı olarak kullanıcı hesaplarına erişim yetkisi bağlamında üçüncü kişilerin de kişilik haklarının gözetilmesine yönelik bazı önerilerimizi paylaşacağız. Nihayet medeni hukuka ilişkin değerlendirmelerimizi etkileyebildiği için dijital varlıkların terekeye intikalinin sözleşmeyle sınırlandırılabilmesi hususundaki genel tespitlerimiz ile incelememizi sonlandıracağız.
PROBLEMATIKA PENYIDIKAN TINDAK PIDANA DALAM PENERBITAN SPDP UNTUK MENETAPKAN SESEORANG SEBAGAI TERSANGKA
Authors: Fauzur Rohmad Jony , Sjaifurrachman Sjaifurrachman , Suhartono Slamet
Published: July 2022

Ketentuan Pasal 14 Ayat (2) dan (3) Peraturan Kapolri Nomor 6 Tahun 2019 Tentang   Penyidikan Tindak Pidana tidak menunjukkan adanya ketegasan karena terjadi tumpang tindih atau inharmonisasi antara beberapa aturan yakni, Pasal 14 Ayat (2) Peraturan Kapolri Nomor 6 Tahun 2019 Tentang   Penyidikan Tindak Pidana yang menyatakan bahwa seorang tersangka sudah dapat ditentukan dalam SPDP. Sedangkan aturan dalam Pasal 14 Ayat (3) Peraturan Kapolri Nomor 6 Tahun 2019 Tentang   Penyidikan Tindak Pidana dimungkinkan dalam SPDP tidak ditentukan tersangka apabila penyidik belum dapat menetapkan tersangka. Selanjutnya dalam Pasal 14 Ayat (4) Peraturan Kapolri Nomor 6 Tahun 2019 Tentang   Penyidikan Tindak Pidana : Dalam hal Tersangka ditetapkan setelah lebih dari 7 (tujuh) hari diterbitkan Surat Perintah Penyidikan, dikirimkan surat pemberitahuan penetapan tersangka dengan dilampirkan SPDP sebelumnya. Merujuk pada definisi penyidikan sebagaimana yang tertuang dalam pasal 1 angka (2) KUHAP dan Pasal 1 angka (2) Peraturan Kapolri Nomor 6 Tahun 2019 Tentang Penyidikan Tindak Pidana adalah bertujuan untuk menemukan tersangkanya. Maka seharusnya, dasar hukum yang digunakan dalam proses penyidikan untuk menetapkan tersangka adalah Pasal 10 ayat (1)  Peraturan Kapolri Nomor 6 Tahun 2019 Tentang   Penyidikan Tindak Pidana, bukan Pasal 14 Peraturan Kapolri Nomor 6 Tahun 2019 Tentang Penyidikan Tindak Pidana.
What Are the Factors Affecting the Sukuk Rating in Indonesia?
Authors: Ika Kusumanisita Apriliana , Maulana Yusuf Moehamad
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi peringkat sukuk perusahaan Indonesia dan mencoba untuk mengetahui determinan mana yang memiliki pengaruh paling signifikan. Kerangka tersebut mencoba membangun hubungan antara ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, leverage, pertumbuhan perusahaan, status penjaminan sukuk, dan jenis sukuk dengan peringkat sukuk dari perspektif Agency Theory. Studi ini menemukan bahwa hanya tiga variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap sukuk rating. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa firm Size, leverage, and type of sukuk berpengaruh signifikan terhadap sukuk rating, sedangkan profitabilitas, guarantee status, and growth tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap sukuk rating. Implikasi pada penelitian ini mencari variabel apa saja yang mempengaruhi sukuk rating. Hasil penelitian ini memiliki implikasi penting bagi pelaku industri, khususnya perusahaan penerbit, investor, dan pembuat kebijakan
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PEMAHAMAN KONSEP DASAR AKUNTANSI
Authors: Rahayu Sovi Ismawati
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh kecerdasan intelektual, kecerdasan emosional, perilaku belajar, latar belakang sekolah menengah,  melalui stress kuliah berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pemahaman konsep dasar akuntansi. Sampel dari penelitian tersebut adalah mahasiswa Progam Studi Akuntansi Universitas YARSI Jakarta Pusat. Cara pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan non probability sampling berupa purposive sampling dan didapat sampel sejumlah 57 responden. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Data primer dengan menyebarkan kuesioner untuk memperoleh data kecerdasan emosional, perilaku belajar, latar belakang sekolah dan stress kuliah.  Data sekunder yaitu nilai mata kuliah pengantar akuntansi dan skor tes IQ. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda dengan metode analisis jalur.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecerdasan intelektual, kecerdasan emosional, perilaku belajar, latar belakang sekolah menengah,  melalui stress kuliah berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pemahaman konsep dasar akuntansi.
Pengaruh Likuiditas dan Perubahan Gross Profit Terhadap Audit Delay
Authors: Mayndarto Eko Cahyo , Rosmawati Wati
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh likuiditas dan perubahan gross profit terhadap audit delay. Objek penelitian ini adalah 18 perusahan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode regresi berganda, yaitu metode penelitian yang menggambarkan pengaruh variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat yang diolah dengan software SPSS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa likuiditas memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap audit delay. Sementara perubahan gross profit memiliki pengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap audit delay. Secara simultan, likuiditas dan perubahan gross profit memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap audit delay.
Analysis of rational prescribing in “X” Hospital, Jakarta
Authors: Habibah Nurul , Batubara Lilian
Published: July 2022

Background: The irrational prescribing is one of the problems in health care in Indonesia. The irrational prescribing can cause medication errors, increase costs, the possibility of adverse drug side effects or drug interactions that may inhibit the quality of care. The purpose of this study is to know the rationality of drug prescribing in March 2016 in Hospital X, Jakarta.Methods: This study assessed a prescribing which admitted in March at X hospital with descriptive analysis design and samples taken by multistage sampling.Results:  384 prescription were used and the results of this study : 23,96 % (92) rational prescribing, 5,47 % (21) incomplete administrative prescription,  15.88% (61) overprescribing, 11.20% (43) underprescribing, 15,36 % (59) multiple prescribing, 4.95 % (19) extravagant prescribing and  23.18% (89) polypharmacy.Conclusion: Rational presription 23.96% and the most irrational prescription form is polypharmacy  23.18% .
Use of Antibiotics for acute respiratory infection (ARI) in Puskesmas Karang Rejo, Tarakan
Authors: Insani Mirza , Permana Dharma
Published: July 2022

Background: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a serious infection that prevents normal breathing function. It usually begins as a viral infection in the nose, trachea (windpipe), or lungs. If the infection is not treated, it can spread to the entire respiratory system. ARI prevents the body from getting oxygen and can result in death. ARI is the most common diagnosis for which antibiotics are prescribed and there are many reasons why primary care doctors prescribe antibiotics. The aim of this study was to know the use of antibiotic drugs in ARI patients at Puskesmas Karang Rejo, Tarakan.Methods: The research method is a descriptive with retrospective data collection by collecting secondary data obtained from medical records at Puskesmas Karang RejoTarakan in the period of January-April 2017. Results: A total of 595 medical records were selected, there were 58.66% (n = 349) female and 41.34 % (n = 246) male, and most occurred in children aged 1-5 years 31.60% (n=188) and aged 6 -10 years 20.84% (n=124). The most common types of ARI were acute tonsillitis 33.61% (n=200), nonspecific respiratory tract infection 32.77% (n=195) and pneumonia 13,94% (n=83. The antibiotic drugs used were amoxicillin 73.11% (n=435), cotrimoxazole 22.02% (n=131), ciprofloxacin 2.52% (n=15), cephadroxil 1.68% (n=10) and chloramphenicol  0.67% (n=4). Amoxicillin and cotrimoxazole were the most commonly used antibiotic for treatment of patients with all types of ARI. Amoxicillin use was highest in acute tonsillitis (94.00%, n=188) and nonspecific respiratory tract infection (85.13%, n=166), while cotrimoxazole use was highest in pneumonia (90.36%, n=75).Conclusion: Amoxicillin and cotrimoxazole were the mostly used antibiotics for treatment of patients with ARI in Puskesmas Karang Rejo, Tarakan.
Kajian Penggunaan Antibiotik Spektrum Luas Pada Pasien Intensive Care Unit (ICU) RS. Islam Jakarta Cempaka Putih Selama Periode 1 Januari 2016 – 31 Desember 2016
Authors: Sari Putri Ayu Kartika , Tola Sakura Muhammad
Published: July 2022

Latar Belakang: Intensive Care Unit (ICU) merupakan tempat berkembangnya bakteri yang resisten/multiresisten antibiotik. Hal tersebut tejadi karena pasien ICU merupakan pasien yang berada pada kondisi imunokompremais dan penggunaan antibiotik lebih dari satu jenis dalam waktu lama sehingga memudahkan terjadinya transmisi infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan antibiotik spektrum luas pada ICU RSIJ Cempaka Putih periode 1 januari-31 Desember 2016.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan studi deskriptif analitik, dengan metode cross-sectional. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari rekam medis pasien.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, dari 100 pasien, pemakaian antibiotik tertinggi yaitu meropenem (28,4%), seftriakson (19,1%), diikuti dengan antibiotik lain. Pola variasi peresepan antibiotik dalam penelitian ini menggunakan 1 jenis sampai 2 jenis antibiotik. Pada hasil sensitivitas uji kultur didapatkan pola resistensi bakteri tertinggi ditemukan yaitu Staphylococcus sp (96%), diikuti Acinetobacter baumanii (91%), Klebsiella sp (81%), dan bakteri lain dengan pola resistensi antibiotik terhadap beberapa antibiotik yaitu terhadap beberapa antibiotik diantaranya seftriakson, meropenem, seftriakson, doripenem, gentamisin, imipenem, eritromisin, seftazidim, dan sefotaksim.Kesimpulan: Penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien ICU RSIJ. Cempaka Putih periode 1 Januari-31 Januari 2016 yang paling banyak adalah meropenem dan seftriakson. Pola resistensi bakteri tertinggi pada pasien ICU RSIJ. Cempaka Putih ditemukan pada Staphylococcus sp (96%) sedangkan untuk antibiotik yang memiliki resistensi tertinggi pada bakteri yaitu eritromisin (95%).
Assessment of the impact of different types of water use on the quality of river water in the Republic of Tatarstan
(on the example of the rivers Kazanka, Stepnoy Zay and Sviyaga)
Authors: Rysaeva Irina A.
Published: July 2022

Modern directions of water use in river basins of the Republic of Tatarstan are considered. On the example of watercourses, it was revealed that the most common uses of water are industrial, agricultural and communal, recreation, hydraulic and other construction. Water use carried out in river basins determines their ecological and hydrological state, the waters of the studied rivers can be described as «very polluted» and «dirty».
Disorder in a Militarised Society: Disputes and Violence in Northern Scotland at the end of the Fourteenth Century
Authors: Nakagawa Yuki
Published: July 2022

In relation to the exercise of violence and disorder in late fourteenth-century northern Scotland, previous studies have suggested that the waning of royal and magnate control, owing to successive wars and the economic crisis caused by European-wide climate regression and plague, led to the rise of lesser Gaelic military kindreds in the central Highlands. The disorder at the end of that century, in particular, has been discussed in terms of the adoption of a Gaelicised style of lordship by Alexander Stewart, earl of Buchan, and his conflicts with the neighbouring secular and ecclesiastical authorities. This paper, however, investigates another aspect of the disorder in the north, focussing on the conflicts between other local non-Gaelic lords and the regional ecclesiastical communities in Moray, which have received limited attention so far, and also discusses the political, economic and social factors behind these disputes with a view to the contribution of recent environmental history. In addition, the study highlights that the adoption of the Gaelicised style of lordship, traditionally considered a peculiarity of the earl of Buchan, was also found among other non-Gaelic local magnates, suggesting the possibility of a more nuanced understanding of Highland–Lowland divisions.
‘Bring us wealth, or keep it among us’: The Financial Literature of the Edinburgh Pamphlet War of 1705, and the Capitalisation of the Scottish Economy
Authors: McDiarmid Andrew
Published: July 2022

The opening years of the 1700s were financially difficult for Scotland. The poor harvests of 1696 and 1697 had pushed up food prices and led to widespread starvation in the country, while coin flowed out to buy much needed imports. The loss of trade and taxation associated with the Nine Years’ War (1688–97) exacerbated issues, before the relinquishing of the Scottish colony at Darien compounded the nation’s economic problems in the new century. In 1704, a funding deficit then forced the Bank of Scotland to stop cash payments, lending, and discounting. In response to the economic crisis, a body of financial literature emerged from Scotland in 1705 which attempted to improve the situation. This included proposals to address the shortage of coin by debasing existing stocks with copper, schemes to establish land banks and issue a new paper currency on this security, and a proposal for credit secured on the money tied up in the failed Darien scheme. The works emerged from various men, with various models, but all were focused on capitalising the Scottish economy. This article will provide an overview of these works, and will make the case that by the middle of 1705 many of the Scottish parliamentarians tasked with considering these proposals were already predisposed to the idea that a union with England was the solution to Scotland’s economic problems. Therefore, despite the revolutionary nature of some of the financial proposals, all were rejected by the administration, as the focus of the Scottish parliament shifted to paving the way for Union.
Emotional socialization and agency: Representations of coping with old age dementia and Alzheimer’s in graphic novels
Authors: Iancu Andreea Elena , Rughiniș Cosima
Published: July 2022

This research investigates representations of emotion work and emotional labor in caregiving, in the medium of graphic novels. The study is based on a collection of six contemporary graphic novels that discuss the relationships between older adults who are suffering from dementia or Alzheimer’s and their family caregivers and professional caretakers. Family caregivers are caught in a complicated web of family relationships and new, emerging caregiving roles. We rely on thematic content analysis to identify the main forms of emotional agency, structural constraints and trade-offs in family and professional situations. Emotional agency in caregiving is portrayed as situated, though emerging from divergent definitions of the situations for caretakers and patients; it is embedded in the family system, which is contrastively portrayed with the procedural, less empathic medical institution, and also with the general mass media portrayal of old age. Graphic novels contribute to the emotional socialization of people anticipating situations of suffering, or caring for mental disorders associated with old age.
Revision of the fossil land tortoises (Testudines: Testudinidae) from Hispaniola with the description of a new species
Authors: Viñola-López Lázaro W , Almonte Juan N
Published: July 2022

The genus of land tortoises Chelonoidis had a wide distribution across the Caribbean and Bahamian Archipelago during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Two extinct species of this genus, C. marcanoi Turvey et al., 2017 and C. dominicensis Albury et al., 2018 were recently described from fossils collected in deposits in the southwest and east of the Dominican Republic respectively. Here we review the taxonomic status of Chelonoidis species from Hispaniola based on previously described remains along with new specimens recently collected. More diagnostic elements collected from cave deposits in the southwest Dominican Republic indicate that C. marcanoi is a senior synonym of C. dominicensis. This species was distributed across the south of eastern Hispaniola, including the Northern and Southeast Paleo-island. The new collection of fossils from the Pedernales rigion also includes associated elements of an undescribed species, Chelonoidis gersoni sp. nov., closely related to C. cubensis and C. marcanoi. The triangular-shaped gular projection of the epiplastron of this new species of Chelonoidis is unique among tortoises of this genus.
Reptiles terrestres del archipiélago de los Jardines de la Reina, Cuba
Authors: Marichal Arbona Evelyn , Maure García Karell
Published: July 2022

Los ecosistemas insulares son relativamente frágiles y constituyen un escenario ideal para el estudio de procesos ecológicos y evolutivos. El presente estudio fue realizado para actualizar el inventario de reptiles y evaluar la abundancia de la comunidad de lagartos terrestres diurnos en el archipiélago de los Jardines de la Reina. Como resultado de una búsqueda intensiva en ocho cayos, se encontraron 11 especies, siendo tres de ellas subespecies endémicas del archipiélago. El índice de Jaccard reflejó la similitud entre las comunidades de reptiles de cayos adyacentes. Las especies de amplia distribución fueron Pholidoscelis auberi galbiceps, Anolis sagrei y Cyclura nubila nubila. Para determinar la abundancia relativa de lagartos terrestres diurnos de seis cayos en noviembre de 2017, y abril y septiembre de 2018, se realizaron transectos en banda de 200 m x 4 m y en el caso de C. nubila transectos de (1000 x 10) m. Las especies dominantes difieren entre cayos y se encontraron cambios estacionales en la abundancia relativa de todas las especies. La prueba de Kruskal-Wallis mostró diferencias significativas en Anclitas para Leiocephalus carinatus y L. cubensis paraphrus y en Caguamas y Caballones para P. auberi galbiceps. Cayo Caguamas presentó mayor abundancia de C. nubila nubila, especie que muestra poblaciones estables en el archipiélago, aunque de baja abundancia.
Lista taxonómica de las mariposas (Insecta: Lepidoptera) del sector Cupeyal del Norte, Parque Nacional Alejandro de Humboldt, Holguín-Guantánamo, Cuba
Authors: Varona-Álvarez Lázaro Marcos
Published: July 2022

Basado en una expedición de campo, del 11 al 17 de junio del 2019, el estudio de tres publicaciones y la revisión de colecciones entomológicas (Lepidoptera) del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Cuba y del Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, se presenta una lista de las mariposas diurnas del sector Cupeyal del Norte, Parque Nacional Alejandro de Humboldt, Holguín-Guantánamo, Cuba. Han pasado más de 30 años desde que se publicara la última lista. En el presente estudio se publica la lista de 74 especies, agrupadas en 52 géneros, cinco familias (excepto Riodinidae) y 17 subfamilias. Del total de especies registradas, 65 (87.83 %) fueron observadas y solamente 9 (12.16 %) fueron recolectadas en las diferentes localidades durante la visita en junio de 2019. Se identifican 31 especies endémicas de Cuba, de las cuales cinco son endémicos exclusivos del macizo montañoso Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa. Diez de estas constituyen nuevos registros de localidad y se amplía además la distribución conocida para el sector Cupeyal del Norte.
Is the Rotatory Knee Stability Immediately Decreased Following a Competitive Soccer Match?
Authors: Neira Alejandro , Silvestre Rony , Debandi Aníbal , Darras Daniel , Cristi-Sánchez Iver , Barra Ignacio , Peñailillo Luis , De La Fuente Carlos
Published: July 2022

Fatigue induced by soccer playing increases physical efforts, which might alter the transverse knee stability, a known factor that promotes knee injuries, particularly anterior cruciate ligament injury. Thereby, primarily, we aimed to determine whether rotatory knee stability decreases immediately following a competitive soccer match in amateur players. Furthermore, we assessed the role of the preferred and non-preferred limbs to kick a ball in rotatory knee stability and the correlation between performance parameters and rotatory knee stability. We hypothesized that the knee stability decreases immediately after a competitive soccer match in amateur players. Eight healthy amateur soccer players (aged 27.2 ± 4.7 years and with body mass index of 23.8 ± 1.2 kg m−2) were included immediately before and after a competitive soccer match. The rotatory knee stability was assessed in the preferred and non-preferred limbs through the acceleration and jerk of the pivot shift maneuver and by the internal knee rotation of a pivoting landing task. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA for factors time (before and after the soccer match) and limb (preferred and non-preferred) and multiple comparisons were performed using α = 5%. There was a statistical significance for the main factor time in the acceleration (5.04 vs. 6.90 ms−2, Δ = 1.86 ms−2, p = 0.020, η2 = 0.331) and jerk (18.46 vs. 32.10 ms−2, Δ = 13.64 ms−2, p = 0.004, η2 = 0.456) of the pivot shift maneuver. Rotatory stability decreases following a competitive soccer match in amateur soccer players under fatigue. Both the acceleration and jerk during the pivot shift maneuver is increased without significant internal knee rotation changes during the pivoting landing task.
Enhanced efficiency of generating human-induced pluripotent stem cells using Lin28-30Kc19 fusion protein
Authors: Son Boram , Yoon Hyungro , Ryu Jina , Lee Haein , Joo Jinmyoung , Park Hee Ho , Park Tai Hyun
Published: July 2022

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have intrinsic properties, such as self-renewal ability and pluripotency, which are also shown in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The challenge of improving the iPSC generation efficiency has been an important issue and there have been many attempts to develop iPSC generation methods. In this research, we added Lin28, known as one of the reprogramming factors, in the form of a soluble recombinant protein from E. coli to improve the efficiency of human iPSC (hiPSC) generation, in respect of alkaline phosphatase (AP)-positive colonies. To deliver Lin28 inside the cells, we generated a soluble Lin28-30Kc19 fusion protein, with 30Kc19 at the C-terminal domain of Lin28. 30Kc19, a silkworm hemolymph-derived protein, was fused due to its cell-penetrating and protein-stabilizing properties. The Lin28-30Kc19 was treated to human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), in combination with four defined reprogramming factors (Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4). After 14 days of cell culture, we confirmed the generated hiPSCs through AP staining. According to the results, the addition of Lin28-30Kc19 increased the number and size of generated AP-positive hiPSC colonies. Through this research, we anticipate that this recombinant protein would be a valuable material for increasing the efficiency of hiPSC generation and for enhancing the possibility as a substitute of the conventional method.
The degradation of gelatin/alginate/fibrin hydrogels is cell type dependent and can be modulated by targeting fibrinolysis
Authors: Boucard Elea , Vidal Luciano , Coulon Flora , Mota Carlos , Hascoët Jean-Yves , Halary Franck
Published: July 2022

In tissue engineering, cell origin is important to ensure outcome quality. However, the impact of the cell type chosen for seeding in a biocompatible matrix has been less investigated. Here, we investigated the capacity of primary and immortalized fibroblasts of distinct origins to degrade a gelatin/alginate/fibrin (GAF)-based biomaterial. We further established that fibrin was targeted by degradative fibroblasts through the secretion of fibrinolytic matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) and urokinase, two types of serine protease. Finally, we demonstrated that besides aprotinin, specific targeting of fibrinolytic MMPs and urokinase led to cell-laden GAF stability for at least forty-eight hours. These results support the use of specific strategies to tune fibrin-based biomaterials degradation over time. It emphasizes the need to choose the right cell type and further bring targeted solutions to avoid the degradation of fibrin-containing hydrogels or bioinks.
Immobilization of a Bifidobacterial Endo-ß-N-Acetylglucosaminidase to Generate Bioactive Compounds for Food Industry
Authors: Pekdemir Burcu , Duman Hatice , Arslan Ayşenur , Kaplan Merve , Karyelioğlu Melda , Özer Tolgahan , Kayılı Hacı Mehmet , Salih Bekir , Henrick Bethany M. , Duar Rebbeca M. , Karav Sercan
Published: July 2022

Conjugated N-glycans are considered next-generation bioactive prebiotic compounds due to their selective stimulation of beneficial microbes. These compounds are glycosidically attached to proteins through N-acetylglucosamines via specific asparagine residue (AsN-X-Ser/Thr). Certain bacteria such as Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis (B. infantis) have been shown to be capable of utilizing conjugated N-glycans, owing to their specialized genomic abilities. B. infantis possess a unique enzyme, Endo-ß-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EndoBI-1), which cleaves all types of conjugated N-glycans from glycoproteins. In this study, recombinantly cloned EndoBI-1 enzyme activity was investigated using various immobilization methods: 1) adsorption, 2) entrapment-based alginate immobilization, 3) SulfoLink-, and 4) AminoLink-based covalent bonding immobilization techniques were compared to develop the optimum application of EndoBI-1 to food processes. The yield of enzyme immobilization and the activity of each immobilized enzyme by different approaches were investigated. The N-glycans released from lactoperoxidase (LPO) using different immobilized enzyme forms were characterized using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). As expected, regardless of the techniques, the enzyme activity decreased after the immobilization methods. The enzyme activity of adsorption and entrapment-based alginate immobilization was found to be 71.55% ± 0.6 and 20.32% ± 3.18, respectively, whereas the activity of AminoLink- and SulfoLink-based covalent bonding immobilization was found to be 58.05 ± 1.98 and 47.49% ± 0.30 compared to the free form of the enzyme, respectively. However, extended incubation time recovery achieved activity similar to that of the free form. More importantly, each immobilization method resulted in the same glycan profile containing 11 different N-glycan structures from a model glycoprotein LPO based on MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The glycan data analysis suggests that immobilization of EndoBI-1 is not affecting the enzyme specificity, which enables full glycan release without a limitation. Hence, different immobilization methods investigated in this study can be chosen for effective enzyme immobilization to obtain bioactive glycans. These findings highlight that further optimization of these methods can be a promising approach for future processing scale-up and commercialization of EndoBI-1 and similar enzymes.
Maintenance of Hypoimmunogenic Features via Regulation of Endogenous Antigen Processing and Presentation Machinery
Authors: An Ju-Hyun , Koh Hyebin , Ahn Yujin , Kim Jieun , Han A-Reum , Lee Ji Yoon , Kim Sun-Uk , Lee Jong-Hee
Published: July 2022

Universally acceptable donor cells have been developed to address the unmet need for immunotypically matched materials for regenerative medicine. Since forced expression of hypoimmunogenic genes represses the immune response, we established universal pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) by replacing endogenous β2-microglobulin (β2m) with β2m directly conjugated to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G, thereby simultaneously suppressing HLA-I expression and the natural killer (NK) cell-mediated immune response. These modified human PSCs retained their pluripotency and differentiation capacity; however, surface presentation of HLA-G was absent from subsequently differentiated cells, particularly cells of neural lineages, due to the downregulation of antigen processing and presentation machinery (APM) genes. Induction of APM genes by overexpression of NLR-family CARD domain-containing 5 (NLRC5) or activator subunit of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) heterodimer (RelA) recovered the surface expression of HLA-G and the hypoimmunogenicity of neural cells. Our findings enhance the utility of hypoimmunogenic cells as universal donors and will contribute to the development of off-the-shelf stem-cell therapeutics.
Real-Time MRI Monitoring of GelMA-Based Hydrogel-Loaded Kartogenin for In Situ Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Hanyuan , Fang Weijun , Zhao Tingting , Zhang Huabing , Gao Liang , Li Jingya , Wang Rujing , Xu Weiping
Published: July 2022

The cartilage has poor ability to mount a sufficient healing response. Herein, kartogenin (KGN), an emerging stable non-protein compound with the ability to recruit bone marrow mesenchyme stem cells (BMSCs) to promote chondrogenic differentiation, was grafted onto dopamine-Fe(III) chelating nanoparticles, followed by involving a gelatin- and dextran-based injectable hydrogel to mimic the extracellular matrix to promote cartilage repair. The in vitro results demonstrated that KGN underwent long-term sustained release behavior and availably promoted the deep migration of BMSC cells in yielding hydrogels. Furthermore, in vivo New Zealand white rabbits’ cartilage defect model repairing results showed that cartilage defect obtained significant regeneration post operation in the 12th week, and the defect edge almost disappeared compared to adjacent normal cartilage tissue. Meanwhile, the T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) property resulting from dissociative Fe (III) can significantly monitor the degradation degree of the implanted hydrogels in the defect site. This integrated diagnosis and treatment system gives insight into cartilage regeneration.
Peripheral Blood-Derived Stem Cells for the Treatment of Cartilage Injuries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zhu Yanlin , Fu Weili
Published: July 2022

Background: The treatment of cartilage damage is a hot topic at present, and cell therapy is an emerging alternative therapy. Stem cells derived from peripheral blood have become the focus of current research due to the ease of obtaining materials and a wide range of sources.

Methods: We used a text search strategy using the [“mesenchymal stem cells” (MeSH term) OR “MSC” OR “BMMSC” OR “PBMSC” OR” PBMNC” OR “peripheral blood stem cells”] AND (cartilage injury [MeSH term] OR “cartilage” OR “chondral lesion”). After searching the literature, through the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the last included articles were systematically reviewed.

Result: We found that peripheral blood-derived stem cells have chondrogenic differentiation ability and can induce chondrogenic differentiation and repair in vivo and have statistical significance in clinical and imaging prognosis. It is an improvement of academic differences. Compared with the bone marrow, peripheral blood is easier to obtain, widely sourced, and simple to obtain. In the future, peripheral blood will be a more potential cell source for cell therapy in the treatment of cartilage damage.

Conclusion: Stem cells derived from peripheral blood can repair cartilage and are an important resource for the treatment of cartilage damage in the future. The specific mechanism and way of repairing cartilage need further study.
Complexity reduction and opportunities in the design, integration and intensification of biocatalytic processes for metabolite synthesis
Authors: Wohlgemuth Roland , Littlechild Jennifer
Published: July 2022

The biosynthesis of metabolites from available starting materials is becoming an ever important area due to the increasing demands within the life science research area. Access to metabolites is making essential contributions to analytical, diagnostic, therapeutic and different industrial applications. These molecules can be synthesized by the enzymes of biological systems under sustainable process conditions. The facile synthetic access to the metabolite and metabolite-like molecular space is of fundamental importance. The increasing knowledge within molecular biology, enzyme discovery and production together with their biochemical and structural properties offers excellent opportunities for using modular cell-free biocatalytic systems. This reduces the complexity of synthesizing metabolites using biological whole-cell approaches or by classical chemical synthesis. A systems biocatalysis approach can provide a wealth of optimized enzymes for the biosynthesis of already identified and new metabolite molecules.
Enhanced thrombolysis by endovascular low-frequency ultrasound with bifunctional microbubbles in venous thrombosis: in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Wang Zhaojian , Pan Yunfan , Huang Huaigu , Zhang Yuan , Li Yan , Zou Chenghong , Huang Guanghua , Chen Yuexin , Li Yongjian , Li Jiang , Chen Haosheng
Published: July 2022

There is a need to improve the efficacy and safety of endovascular techniques in venous thrombotic diseases, and microbubble enhanced sonothrombolysis is a promising approach. However, whether endovascular low-frequency ultrasound (LFUS) can be utilized in microbubble enhanced sonothrombolysis is unclear. Here, we present a catheter-based thrombolytic system that combines unfocused low-frequency low-intensity ultrasound with novel fibrin-targeted drug-loaded bifunctional microbubbles. We develop an in vitro flow model and an in vivo rabbit inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis model to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the thrombolytic system. The results indicate that microbubble enhanced sonothrombolysis with endovascular LFUS treatment for 30 min is equally effective compared to pure pharmacologic treatment. Furthermore, the thrombolytic efficacy of this system is safely and substantially improved by the introduction of a fibrin-targeted drug-loaded bifunctional microbubble with a reduction of the fibrinolytic agent dosage by 60%. The microbubble enhanced endovascular LFUS sonothrombolysis system with excellent thrombolytic efficacy may serve as a new therapeutic approach for venous thrombotic diseases.