bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digitalisation for whom: the determinants of residents' use of the digital property address system in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Frimpong Louis Kusi , Mensah Stephen Leonard , Okyere Seth Asare , Abunyewah Matthew , Diko Stephen Kofi , Enning Seth Barnie , Attigah Joshua Mawutor
Published: September 2022

Purpose

There is an emerging digital turn in urban management in Africa, undergirded by efforts to address the challenges of rapid urbanisation. To ensure that this digitalisation agenda contributes to smart and sustainable communities, there is a need to trace residents' use of emerging digital technologies and address any impediments to broader utilisation. To this end, this paper aims to examine the determinants of residents' use of Ghana's digital property address system (DPAS) in suburban communities in Accra.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on a detailed literature review of digital technologies and the factors that affect their use, this paper uses data from a cross-sectional survey of three suburban communities in Accra. A binary logistic regression model was then utilised to identify the significant factors that affect residents' use of the DPAS.

Findings

The findings showed that socioeconomic, housing, and psychosocial factors were the main determinants of residents' use of the DPAS. Specifically, house ownership, education and expected benefits had a positive relationship with residents' use of the DPAS. Findings highlight the need for urban policymakers to pay attention to systemic issues in Ghana's digital culture to ensure that digitalisation initiatives do not widen the digital divide and thus impede progress towards smart and sustainable urban development goals.

Originality/value

The growing scholarship on digitalisation in Africa has emphasised conditions, potentials and challenges in deploying digital technologies with little attention to the determinants of residents' use of these technologies. This paper contributes to filling this knowledge gap by bringing foundational issues critical to engendering equitable digitalisation agenda in Ghanaian cities and beyond.
Levels of anxiety in women aged ≥45 years undergoing diagnostic large loop excision of the transformation zone: A longitudinal study
Authors: Gustafson Line Winther , Larsen Mette Bach , Hammer Anne , Petersen Lone Kjeld , Andersen Berit , Bor Pinar
Published: September 2022

Objective

To measure anxiety levels in women aged ≥45 years undergoing diagnostic large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) at the first colposcopy visit.

Design

Longitudinal study.

Setting

Three colposcopy clinics in the Central Denmark Region.

Population

Women aged ≥45 years undergoing diagnostic LLETZ.

Methods

Women completed the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Short Form 12 (mental and physical health) questionnaires before, immediately after, and at 1 and 6 months after LLETZ.

Main outcome measures

STAI state anxiety median scores were calculated and stratified by health status, by letter with information about screening result and by LLETZ results.

Results

Of 109 eligible women, 11 were excluded, leaving 98 women for the final analyses. Response rates ranged from 84.7% to 100%. Overall, state anxiety levels were low; however, a decrease was observed from before to immediately after the LLETZ (33.4 vs 29.3, p < 0.001). The anxiety levels remained stable up to 6 months after LLETZ. Women with poor mental health were more likely to have higher anxiety levels compared with women with good mental health (before LLETZ, RR 3.77, 95% CI 2.12–6.70; 1 month after LLETZ, RR 3.37, 95% CI 1.59–7.15; 6 months after LLETZ, RR 1.93, 95%CI 1.06–3.51).

Conclusions

Overall, colposcopy and diagnostic LLETZ in women aged ≥45 years were not associated with high levels of anxiety. Anxiety levels were highest before colposcopy, and the women seemed to experience immediate relief afterwards. Women with poor mental health had the highest anxiety levels throughout the study, which might call for special attention.
Puzzle
Authors: Fletcher Michael
Published: September 2022

Florence gets her lamp out. Plus the solution to “Choosing a husband”
The Female of the Species: Baboon Mothers and a Courageous Career Move
Authors: Cooke Lucy
Published: September 2022

Lucy Cooke celebrates the “fiercely analytical mind” of Jeanne Altmann, whose statistical work in the 1960s rescued animal mothers from evolutionary obscurity
Bayesian Networks Versus Gender Bias
Authors: Mecatti Fulvia , Vicard Paola , Musella Flaminia , Giammei Lorenzo
Published: September 2022

Gender-sensitive statistics can highlight gender gaps, but current measurement tools have serious limitations Here, Fulvia Mecatti, Paola Vicard, Flaminia Musella and Lorenzo Giammei explore how Bayesian networks could help improve the measurement, monitoring and prediction of gender equality
Gender Equity in Digital Health: AI as a Double-edged Sword
Authors: Columbus Alyssa
Published: September 2022

Alyssa Columbus describes flaws in statistical methods used by digital health platforms, how these shortcomings could contribute to gender health disparities, and what can be done to minimise inequities
“We are Still Not Done; We Need to Keep this Organisation Alive”
Authors: Lorenzo-Arribas Altea
Published: September 2022

Japanese biostatistician Motomi “Tomi” Mori is chair of the organising committee of the inaugural International Day of Women in Statistics and Data Science on 11 October 2022, and served as the President of the Caucus for Women in Statistics last year. She speaks candidly to Altea Lorenzo-Arribas about her work and the challenges she has faced
Violet Cane: A Breaker of Codes and Moulds
Authors: Gandy Rob , Lorenzo-Arribas Altea , Startup Richard
Published: September 2022

She ditched her PhD to help defeat the Nazis, and is remembered as a kind teacher and funny friend. Here, Rob Gandy, Altea Lorenzo-Arribas and Richard Startup celebrate the life and work of pioneering British statistician Professor Violet Cane
Pregnancy outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease: Data from a large cohort survey
Authors: Innocenti Tommaso , Roselli Jenny , Taylor Alice , Dragoni Gabriele , Lynch Erica Nicola , Campani Claudia , Gottin Matteo , Bagnoli Siro , Macrì Giuseppe , Rogai Francesca , Milani Stefano , Galli Andrea , Milla Monica
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can affect young and reproductively active patients. Our aim was to analyze pregnancy outcomes in a large cohort of women with IBD.

Methods

All women with at least one pregnancy were given a questionnaire regarding the outcome of their pregnancy. They were divided into IBD pregnancies and controls depending on whether pregnancy occurred within or over 10 years prior to the diagnosis of IBD.

Results

Three hundred questionnaires were analyzed for a total of 478 pregnancies that led to live‐born babies. Age at conception was older in IBD women than in the controls. Active smoking was more frequent in the control group. The risk of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) was higher in IBD pregnancies (odds ratio [OR] 3.028, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.245–7.370, P = 0.013). The week of gestation at delivery was lower in the IBD population. And the risk of cesarean section was higher in IBD pregnancies (OR 1.963, 95% CI 1.274–3.028, P = 0.002). Among women with IBD pregnancy, the risk of preterm birth was higher in patients with active disease at the time of conception (OR 4.088, 95% CI 1.112–15.025, P = 0.030), but lower in patients who continued regular therapy during pregnancy. Similarly, the risk of urgent cesarean section was reduced in the case of disease remission, while the risk of a planned cesarean delivery was higher in patients with perianal disease (OR 11.314, 95% CI 3.550–36.058, P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Our study shows a higher risk of IUGR, cesarean section, and poor blood pressure control in IBD pregnancies. We emphasize the importance of achieving disease remission before considering pregnancy.
Analysis of trapped mosquito excreta as a noninvasive method to reveal biodiversity and arbovirus circulation
Authors: L'Ambert Grégory , Gendrot Mathieu , Briolant Sébastien , Nguyen Agnès , Pages Sylvain , Bosio Laurent , Palomo Vincent , Gomez Nicolas , Benoit Nicolas , Savini Hélène , Pradines Bruno , Durand Guillaume André , Leparc‐Goffart Isabelle , Grard Gilda , Fontaine Albin
Published: September 2022

Emerging and endemic mosquito‐borne viruses can be difficult to detect and monitor because they often cause asymptomatic infections in human or vertebrate animals or cause nonspecific febrile illness with a short recovery waiting period. Some of these pathogens circulate into complex cryptic cycles involving several animal species as reservoir or amplifying hosts. Detection of cases in vertebrate hosts can be complemented by entomological surveillance, but this method is not adapted to low infection rates in mosquito populations that typically occur in low or nonendemic areas. We identified West Nile virus circulation in Camargue, a wetland area in South of France, using a cost‐effective xenomonitoring method based on the molecular detection of virus in excreta from trapped mosquitoes. We also succeeded at identifying the mosquito species community on several sampling sites, together with the vertebrate hosts on which they fed prior to being captured using amplicon‐based metabarcoding on mosquito excreta without processing any mosquitoes. Mosquito excreta‐based virus surveillance can complement standard surveillance methods because it is cost‐effective and does not require personnel with a strong background in entomology. This strategy can also be used to noninvasively explore the ecological network underlying arbovirus circulation.
Examining the relationship between religiosity and happiness in Medan, Indonesia: The mediating role of self‐control, self‐regulation, and life satisfaction
Authors: Rusman Abdul Aziz , Hashim Intan H. M. , Zaharim Norzarina Mohd
Published: September 2022

Social harmony and community wellbeing can be addressed by promoting life satisfaction and happiness within society. As part of the attempts to understand and promote life satisfaction and happiness within society, this study examined how religiosity can contribute to these two outcome variables. More specifically, this study examined the mediating effect of self‐control, self‐regulation, and life satisfaction on the relationship between religiosity and happiness. Six hundred and twenty‐eight middle (628) adults from Medan, Indonesia were recruited through stratified sampling. They completed five self‐report scales on Subjective Happiness Scale; Satisfaction with Life Scale; Centrality of Religiosity Scale; brief Self‐control Scale and Self‐regulation Scale. Data were analyzed by applying Structural Equation Model (using the LISREL software 8.80), which provides simultaneous examination of variance between endogenous and exogenous variables. Results revealed that people who reported higher level of religiosity also scored high on self‐control and self‐regulation scales, life satisfaction, which, in turn, are related to more happiness. The finding provides evidence for more specific mechanism in which religiosity contributes to life satisfaction and happiness of the individuals and consequently society wellbeing. Theoretical and practical implications related to the findings are discussed.
A novel biallelic variant in the Popeye domain‐containing protein 1 (POPDC1) underlies limb girdle muscle dystrophy type 25
Authors: Mahmood Arif , Samad Abdus , Shah Abid Ali , Wadood Abdul , Alkathiri Afnan , Alshehri Mohammed Ali , Alam Mohammad Zubair , Hussain Taimur , He Pei , Umair Muhammad
Published: September 2022

POPDC1 also known as BVES, is a highly conserved transmembrane protein, important for striated muscle function and homeostasis. Pathogenic variants in the POPDC1 gene are associated with limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy type 25 (LGMDR25). In the present study, we performed trio‐whole exome sequencing (WES) followed by Sanger sequencing on a single family having LGMD clinical features. Protein modeling of all POPDC1 missense variants (POPDC1Pro134Leu, POPDC1Ile193Ser, and POPDC1Ser201Phe) associated with LGMDR25 were performed using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation. We identified a homozygous missense variant (c.401C>T; p.Pro134Leu) in the POPDC1 gene. Altered 3D structure, disruptive fluctuation, less compactness, and instability were observed in all the three variants of POPDC1 protein models. In comparison, POPDC1Ser201Phe protein dynamics were more unstable than other variants. Functional study of newly identified variant would add key answers to underlying mechanisms of the disease.
Rolle des SEC62‐Gens in der Dermatoonkologie – Relevanz für die Tumorzellbiologie, Prognoseeinschätzung und personalisierte Therapieplanung
Authors: Linxweiler Maximilian , Müller Cornelia S. L.
Published: September 2022

Das SEC62‐Gen kodiert für ein Membranprotein des endoplasmatischen Retikulums (ER), das in eukaryotischen Zellen am posttranslationalen Transport bestimmter sekretorischer und membranständiger Proteine beteiligt ist. Zudem reguliert SEC62 durch eine direkte Interaktion mit dem Sec61‐Kanal die intrazelluläre Kalziumhomöostase und trägt entscheidend zur zellulären Kompensation von ER‐Stress im Rahmen der sogenannten recovER‐phagy bei. Eine signifikant gesteigerte Expression des SEC62‐Gens wurde bereits in diversen Tumorentitäten nachgewiesen. Erste Ansätze einer zielgerichteten Therapie wurden für die diversen Tumorentitäten in vitro und in vivo erprobt mit vielversprechenden Ergebnissen, die zur Durchführung weiterführender präklinischer und klinischer Studien motivieren. Dennoch bleiben viele Fragen, insbesondere bezüglich der den beobachteten klinischen Effekten zugrunde liegenden molekularen Mechanismen, offen und müssen in weiterführenden Studien untersucht werden. Auch in der Dermatoonkologie spielt dieses Protein eine Rolle. Die Überexpression von SEC62 in atypischen Fibroxanthomen und malignen Melanomen wurde bereits nachgewiesen und eine Korrelation der SEC62‐Expression mit verschiedenen klinischen und pathologischen Merkmalen beobachtet. Zukünftige insbesondere In‐vivo‐ und klinische Studien werden zeigen müssen, ob sich Sec62 als prognostischer Marker in der Dermatoonkologie etablieren und ein Ansatzpunkt für eine zielgerichtete Therapie sein kann.
The Incarnation of Christ's Love through the Church
Authors: Jamin Mary Grace Selosa
Published: September 2022

The incarnation of God through Christ is the incarnation of love. As church, we embody Christ, and therefore we embody Christ’s love. As the body of Christ, it is imperative to actively embody the love of Christ for everyone, reconciling differences and fulfilling God’s plan of the wholeness of life designed for everyone through unity, by participating and working together in and with the spirit of Christ’s love beyond the borders of the church. Thus, the knowledge and the experience of Christ’s love should be experienced by creation through working together, for we need to be part of each other, not be apart from each other.
The Importance and Practice of Ecumenism in Orthodox Theological Education
Authors:   Archbishop Job (Getcha) of Telmessos
Published: September 2022

This article underlines the need for theological education to be ecumenical if it is to be genuine theological education, an injunction that applies to Orthodox churches as much as the Roman Catholic and Protestant churches. The article highlights the 1920 encyclical of the Ecumenical Patriarchate that encouraged “relationships between the theological schools and the professors of theology” but states that an exchange of professors and students is not enough, since studying theology under a confessional prism is often reducing and impoverishing. Drawing on experiences such as the Higher Institute of Ecumenical Studies in Paris and the Institute for Higher Studies in Orthodox Theology in Chambésy, Switzerland, the article asserts that it is desirable to undertake theology together, in an ecumenical way.
A Conversation about COVID‐19 and the Ecumenical House
Authors: Mombo Esther
Published: September 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic, like other pandemics, has brought to light what is beneath the surface of our society. The impact of COVID‐19 on the social, economic, political, and religious dimensions of society is unprecedented. While it has adversely affected people’s wellbeing, especially their physical and mental health, there has also been a significant rise in child and teenage pregnancies and sexual and gender‐based violence. This article looks at COVID‐19 as a lens into the ecumenical house. I wish to explore the similarities between the death‐dealing blow of COVID‐19 and the virus of hegemonic abuse which continues to strangle humanity through different forms of neo‐colonialism and ecclesiastic paternalism externally and within nations. I shall therefore liken the church’s missional trajectory to the new coronavirus by looking at strains of the hegemonic structures that have served to deny life in its fullness for all.
How we define recurrent miscarriage matters: A qualitative exploration of the views of people with professional or lived experience
Authors: Dennehy Rebecca , Hennessy Marita , Meaney Sarah , Matvienko‐Sikar Karen , O'Sullivan‐Lago Ria , Uí Dhubhgain Jennifer , Lucey Con , O'Donoghue Keelin
Published: September 2022

Background

Recurrent miscarriage (RM) affects 1%–3% of women/couples of reproductive age depending on the definition used, for example, whether 2 or ≥3 miscarriages. Stakeholders' views of how RM is defined have received limited attention to date. A definition reflects the medical evidence and values of a society at the time, and thus warrants ongoing review.

Aim

We aimed to explore the views of women and men with lived experience of RM, and those involved in the delivery/management of services and supports, on how RM is and/or should be defined.

Methods

We adopted a qualitative study design, incorporating semi‐structured interviews. We used purposive sampling to recruit participants in the Republic of Ireland, ensuring diverse perspectives were included. Women and men with lived experience of ≥2 consecutive first‐trimester miscarriages were recruited via health professionals and social media; other participants via the research team's networks. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed, pseudo‐anonymized and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Findings

We conducted interviews with 42 health professionals/service providers and 13 women and 7 men with lived experience of RM (June 2020 to February 2021). We generated three interrelated themes from the data: (i) The need for a standardized definition of recurrent miscarriage–Finding a balance between research evidence, individual needs and healthcare resources, (ii) The definition is a route to finding an answer and/or validating women/couples' experience of loss and (iii) Working around the definition—Advocacy and impacts.

Conclusion

A nuanced approach to defining RM is warranted, one which is evidence‐informed recognizes the individual needs of women/couples, and considers healthcare resources.

Patient or Public Contribution

Members of the multidisciplinary RE:CURRENT (REcurrent miscarriage: evaluating CURRENT services) Project Research Advisory Group (including four parent advocates, two of whom are co‐authors on this article) were actively involved throughout the study, including the generation of topic guides and the refining of themes.
Imaging the Trinity in the Flesh: Somatic Union as an Aspect of Theosis in Cyril of Alexandria
Authors: Mercer Andrew
Published: September 2022

In this article, I seek to show how Cyril of Alexandria's exposition of the effects of eucharistic participation provide us with a hitherto overlooked component of his overall vision of theosis, which may deepen our understanding of theosis in the Christian tradition more broadly. Based on his understanding of what the Eucharist is, he develops the idea that eucharistic participation creates a fleshly union amongst participants, causing the church as a body to reflect more perfectly the unity of the Trinity. The somatic union of the faithful can thus be seen as an aspect of theosis, but one which has not been adequately addressed by recent studies on theosis.
Introduction: Making the case to formally revise the international social security standards to include long‐term care for the elderly
Authors: McKinnon Roddy
Published: September 2022

First published in April 1948 as the Bulletin of the International Social Security Association, this year marks the 75th anniversary of what, since January 1967, we have all come to know as the International Social Security Review. To mark this important anniversary, this special double issue, “The human right to long‐term care for the elderly: Extending the role of social security programmes”, talks to current debates on social security coverage extension in a context of population ageing. There is a case to be made for revising the international social security standards to formally recognize long‐term care for the elderly, possibly as a distinct branch of social security. At the heart of this discussion, the questions to be addressed by all countries are the roles that social security systems can and should play in helping to meet the long‐term medical and social care needs of elders.
Extracellular vesicles in the study of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: Methodologies applied from cells to biofluids
Authors: Vaz Margarida , Soares Martins Tânia , Henriques Ana Gabriela
Published: September 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are gaining increased importance in fundamental research as key players in disease pathogenic mechanisms, but also in translational and clinical research due to their value in biomarker discovery, either for diagnostics and/or therapeutics. In the first research scenario, the study of EVs isolated from neuronal models mimicking neurodegenerative diseases can open new avenues to better understand the pathological mechanisms underlying these conditions or to identify novel molecular targets for diagnosis and/or therapeutics. In the second research scenario, the easy availability of EVs in body fluids and the specificity of their cargo, which can reflect the cell of origin or disease profiles, turn these into attractive diagnostic tools. EVs with exosome‐like characteristics, circulating in the bloodstream and other peripheral biofluids, constitute a non‐invasive and rapid alternative to study several conditions, including brain‐related disorders. In both cases, several EVs isolation methods are already available, but each neuronal model or biofluid presents its own challenges. Herein, a literature overview on EVs isolation methodologies from distinct neuronal models (cellular culture and brain tissue) and body fluids (serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, urine and saliva) was carried out. Focus was given to approaches employed in the context of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and the main research findings discussed. The topics here revised will facilitate the choice of EVs isolation methodologies and potentially prompt new discoveries in EVs research and in the neurodegenerative diseases field.

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Acute stress modulates noradrenergic signaling in the ventral tegmental area‐amygdalar circuit
Authors: Kielbinski Michal , Bernacka Joanna , Zajda Katarzyna , Wawrzczak‐Bargieła Agnieszka , Maćkowiak Marzena , Przewlocki Ryszard , Solecki Wojciech
Published: September 2022

Noradrenergic neurotransmission is a critical mediator of stress responses. In turn, exposure to stress induces noradrenergic system adaptations, some of which are implicated in the etiology of stress‐related disorders. Adrenergic receptors (ARs) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) have been demonstrated to regulate phasic dopamine (DA) release in the forebrain, necessary for behavioral responses to conditional cues. However, the impact of stress on noradrenergic modulation of the VTA has not been previously explored. We demonstrate that ARs in the VTA regulate dopaminergic activity in the VTA–BLA (basolateral amygdala) circuit, a key system for processing stress‐related stimuli; and that such control is altered by acute stress. We utilized fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry to assess the effects of intra‐VTA microinfusion of α1‐AR and α2‐AR antagonists (terazosin and RX‐821002, respectively), on electrically evoked phasic DA release in the BLA in stress‐naïve and stressed (unavoidable electric shocks – UES) anesthetized male Sprague–Dawley rats. In addition, we used western blotting to explore UES‐induced alterations in AR protein level in the VTA. Intra‐VTA terazosin or RX‐821002 dose‐dependently attenuated DA release in the BLA. Interestingly, UES decreased the effects of intra‐VTA α2‐AR blockade on DA release (24 h but not 7 days after stress), while the effects of terazosin were unchanged. Despite changes in α2‐AR physiological function in the VTA, UES did not alter α2‐AR protein levels in either intracellular or membrane fractions. These findings demonstrate that NA‐ergic modulation of the VTA–BLA circuit undergoes significant alterations in response to acute stress, with α2‐AR signaling indicated as a key target.

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Anatomical study of the carotid‐trigeminal interface: The missing link in the trigeminovascular system?
Authors: Terrier Louis‐Marie , Bergemer Anne‐Marie , Destrieux Christophe , Maldonado Igor Lima
Published: September 2022

The trigeminal system is considered a prominent actor in brain nociceptive innervation. The trigeminovascular system is mainly composed of pseudounipolar neurons located within the trigeminal ganglion, whose dendrites originate in cerebral blood vessels. Anatomical studies demonstrating anatomical continuity between perivascular fibers and the trigeminal system are lacking. This issue is addressed in this study. Eleven cadaveric heads obtained from a body donation program were fixed in formalin. We performed a microanatomical study of the cavernous carotid‐trigeminal interface and a histological examination of the tissue bridges crossing the virtual space between the medial aspect of the trigeminal ganglion and ophthalmic nerve and the lateral aspect of the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery. Very strong adhesion was observed between the horizontal segment of the artery and the ophthalmic nerve in all specimens. The virtual space in this interface was crossed by a web of delicate filaments. Histological examination demonstrated the presence of nerve fibers in all samples. In this study, the carotid‐trigeminal interface has been described in greater detail than ever before and could provide insight into disorders related to the trigeminovascular system. As the present results do not allow the exact nature of the axons to be affirmed, further investigation is necessary.
Assessing paediatric safeguarding in rural Australian health services
Authors: Enzor Lesley , van Bockxmeer John , Makate Marshall
Published: September 2022

Aim

Establish the incidence, burden and characteristics of paediatric safeguarding concerns in rural Australian emergency department practice.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of burns, injury and poisoning presentations across 16 months involving 1472 paediatric cases.

Results

Five per cent of presentations had confirmed safeguarding concern. These were highest during the 2200–0600 staffing period. Mean age was 7.7 years, 43.8% were female. Multivariable regression models show age 2–6 years (odds ratio (OR), 3.27; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.35–7.93); delayed presentation (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.47–3.59); and police accompaniment (OR, 9.46; 95% CI, 2.61–34.26) are associated with increased safeguarding concerns. Most concerns (91.8%) related to injuries, largely musculoskeletal, wounds and head injuries. Thermal burns were more common than chemical and electrical.

Conclusion

Children aged 2–6 are at higher risk for harm than previously recognised and children aged 0–2 years were over‐represented in staff‐suspected concerns. Those accompanied by police had significant association with confirmed safeguarding concerns which were under‐suspected by staff or assumed to have been already reported. In rural practice, ‘unreasonable delay’ was found to be a better measure of concern than a discrete time value. Transient family arrangements, unsecured accommodation, geographical isolation, cultural safety and unique home environments must be taken into when completing injury assessments. For regional health services to successfully identify children at risk, interagency collaboration, staff education and local patterns of concern should be targeted. Rostering changes should increase after‐hours assessment capacity by specialty paediatric staff.
Examination of increasing suicide rates among rural Hispanic VA patients
Authors: Shiner Brian , Peltzman Talya , Forehand Jenna , Gui Jiang , Freytes Ivette M. , Watts Bradley V.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Death by suicide is increasing more rapidly among Hispanics than non‐Hispanics who use United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health services, and the increase is most rapid among those living in rural areas. Our goal was to identify characteristics of rural Hispanic VA patients that contribute to this emerging disparity.

Methods

We linked electronic medical records from the VA, personnel data from the US Department of Defense, mortality data from the US National Death Index, and data on area characteristics from the US Census Bureau to examine suicide trends among Hispanic VA patients from 2005 through 2019. After identifying the strongest predictors of suicide in the rural and urban Hispanic populations, we examined how those characteristics changed over time.

Findings

Age and sex‐adjusted suicide mortality rates were consistently higher for rural versus urban Hispanic patients beginning in 2012, with the most recent rolling 5‐year average rates being 31.0 per 100,000 for rural compared to 20.3 per 100,000 for urban in 2019. Models to predict suicide had fair performance in the rural (accuracy = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.73) and urban (accuracy = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.63, 0.70) groups. Mental health diagnoses were predictive of suicide among rural Hispanic patients, but there was no evidence that mental health diagnoses were increasing more rapidly in rural compared to urban patients.

Conclusions

While we confirmed that there is a higher rate of death by suicide among rural Hispanic VA patients relative to their urban counterparts, we were unable to identify clear drivers of this finding.
Reinforcement learning‐based control to suppress the transient vibration of semi‐active structures subjected to unknown harmonic excitation
Authors: Pisarski Dominik , Jankowski Łukasz
Published: September 2022

The problem of adaptive semi‐active control of transient structural vibration induced by unknown harmonic excitation is studied. The controller adaptation is attained by using a specially designed reinforcement learning algorithm that adjusts the parameters of a switching control policy to guarantee efficient dissipation of the structural energy. This algorithm relies on an efficient gradient‐based sequence that accelerates the learning protocol and results in suboptimal control. The performance of this method is examined through numerical experiments for a span structure that is equipped with a semi‐active device of controlled stiffness and damping parameters. The experiments cover a selection of control learning scenarios and comparisons to optimal open‐loop and heuristic state‐feedback control strategies. This study has confirmed that the developed method has high stabilizing performance, and the relatively low computational burden of the incorporated iterative learning algorithm facilitates its application to multi–degree‐of‐freedom structures.
The Photosensitizer Temoporfin (mTHPC) – Chemical, Pre‐clinical and Clinical Developments in the Last Decade†‡
Authors: Wiehe Arno , Senge Mathias O.
Published: September 2022

This review follows the research, development and clinical applications of the photosensitizer 5,10,15,20‐tetra(m‐hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC, temoporfin) in photodynamic (cancer) therapy (PDT) and other medical applications. Temoporfin is the active substance in the medicinal product Foscan® authorized in the EU for the palliative treatment of head and neck cancer. Chemistry, biochemistry and pharmacology, as well as clinical and other applications of temoporfin are addressed, including the extensive work that has been done on formulation development including liposomal formulations. The literature has been covered from 2009 to early 2022, thereby connecting it to the previous extensive review on this photosensitizer published in this journal [Senge, M. O. and J. C. Brandt (2011)Photochem. Photobiol.87, 1240–1296] which followed its way from initial development to approval and clinical application.
Extremely fractionated magmas linked with W mineralization: Evidence from the LyangarW‐Modeposit, South Tianshan Orogenic Belt
Authors: Fei Xianghui , Zhang Zhaochong , Cheng Zhiguo , Santosh M. , Gao Zhenzhen , Nurtaev Bakhtiar
Published: September 2022

Tungsten (W) deposits are commonly related to the exsolution of magmatic‐hydrothermal fluids from high‐Si granites (SiO2 > 70%). However, whether the W‐related high‐Si granitic magma is produced via partial melting of metasedimentary source rocks or by high degree of fractional crystallization remains controversial. Here we present new geochronological and geochemical data on the intrusions associated with the Lyangar W‐Mo skarn deposit in the Southern Tianshan Orogenic Belt, Uzbekistan. Our new U–Pb zircon age data show that the major intrusion exposed in the region are ca. 280 Ma biotite gabbroic diorite and biotite granite and about 260 Ma porphyritic granite and muscovite porphyritic granite. The molybdenite grains in the skarn rocks and orebodies show weighted Re‐Os ages of 261.4 ± 7.8 Ma and 261.1 ± 3.8 Ma, respectively. In combination with the field contact, we confirm that the muscovite porphyritic granite is genetically related to the W mineralization. The gradual transition from the porphyritic granite to muscovite porphyritic granite, similar mineral assemblages and geochemical variations indicate that they are co‐magmatic, and that the porphyritic granite represents less evolved member. Rhyolite‐MELTS modeling further reinforces that the muscovite porphyritic granites can be produced by high degree of fractional crystallization (~33%, including ~1.2% biotite, ~27% plagioclase, ~2% alkali‐feldspar, ~0.21% Fe‐Ti oxides, and ~2.7% amphibole) of the porphyritic granite magma. On the basis of the positive ƐHf(t) values (+3.03 to +6.02), high‐SiO2contents and CIPW characters, the porphyritic granite is considered to have formed from dehydration melting at low pH2O of juvenile basaltic source rocks around 16 kbar and 850–1000°C. Our study demonstrates that extreme fractional crystallization of granitic magma plays a significant role in W enrichment in the granitic melt.
Every crisis does matter: Comparing the databases of financial crisis events
Authors: Siranova Maria , Zelenak Karol
Published: September 2022

In this paper we examine the consistency in the timing of crisis events of the most prominent databases of banking and fiscal crises. We calculate Cohen's kappa measure, utilize signaling approach and panel logit models with random effects on selected early warning indicators and identify the most influential crisis observations using the Pregibon's delta‐beta influence statistics. Our results confirm that the degree of commonality across databases is indeed relatively high, especially if introducing a 1‐year lag. However, there is still a significant role played by a few influential observations. This problem is more pronounced in the banking crisis literature.
Identification of the novel HLA‐C*12:02:47 allele in an individual from Maharashtra, India
Authors: Pinto Andrea S. , Tambe Manisha , D'Silva Selma Z. , Singh Meenakshi
Published: September 2022

The novel HLA‐C*12:02:47 allele was detected during routine HLA typing.
Simulation-based education for nurse and midwife advanced practitioner education: a scoping review protocol
Authors: McTague Karen , Smith Valerie
Published: September 2022

Objective:

The objective of this scoping review is to identify and describe the extent and type of the available evidence on simulation-based education for nurse and midwife advanced practitioner education.

Introduction:

Simulation-based education is widely adopted in undergraduate nurse and midwife education, but the extent of the use, format, and evidence for simulation-based education in nurse and midwife advanced practitioner education is under explored.

Inclusion criteria:

Studies will be included where the population is registered nurses or midwives enrolled in education programs leading to an award of, or eligibility to register as a nurse or midwife advanced practitioner. Participants will have been exposed to simulation-based education as a teaching methodology. Simulation-based education may take place in practice and/or in an academic setting in any geographical location.

Methods:

An initial limited search was conducted in Embase and CINAHL to identify articles relevant to the topic. Text words contained within the titles and abstracts of articles, as well as index terms describing the relevant articles, were used in the development of the full search strategy. The keywords and index terms identified in the Embase search strategy will be adapted across other nursing, midwifery, and educational databases, including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and ERIC. Studies published in any language, spanning any date range will be included. Records retrieved will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Two reviewers will independently assess the records for inclusion against the defined criteria and extract data using an adapted JBI data extraction form. The data will be charted using narrative summary text, tables, and figures.
Introduction
Authors: DuFord Rochelle
Published: September 2022

This introduction provides the motivation for the development of a new theory of solidarity. It defines and explores three central concepts: solidarity, democracy, and conflict. In doing so, it positions the central arguments of the book in the tradition of critical theory and radical democratic thought.
A More Perfect Union
Authors: DuFord Rochelle
Published: September 2022

This chapter responds to the primary objection to agonistic theories of democracy: that if there is no enemy, the enemy must be invented It argues against the notion that it is possible to generate an ideal democratic theory, largely because democracy is a theory and practice of politics for a nonideal world. The theory becomes distorted in idealized considerations because they do not reflect the conditions for which the theory and practice are designed. I argue that while the theory of solidarity presented in this book takes conflict to be a necessary feature of solidaristic practices, that is because conflict is a constitutive feature of a nonideal world.
How to incorporate biological insights into network models and why it matters
Authors: Bernáez Timón Laura , Ekelmans Pierre , Kraynyukova Nataliya , Rose Tobias , Busse Laura , Tchumatchenko Tatjana
Published: September 2022

Due to the staggering complexity of the brain and its neural circuitry, neuroscientists rely on the analysis of mathematical models to elucidate its function. From Hodgkin and Huxley's detailed description of the action potential in 1952 to today, new theories and increasing computational power have opened up novel avenues to study how neural circuits implement the computations that underlie behaviour. Computational neuroscientists have developed many models of neural circuits that differ in complexity, biological realism or emergent network properties. With recent advances in experimental techniques for detailed anatomical reconstructions or large‐scale activity recordings, rich biological data have become more available. The challenge when building network models is to reflect experimental results, either through a high level of detail or by finding an appropriate level of abstraction. Meanwhile, machine learning has facilitated the development of artificial neural networks, which are trained to perform specific tasks. While they have proven successful at achieving task‐oriented behaviour, they are often abstract constructs that differ in many features from the physiology of brain circuits. Thus, it is unclear whether the mechanisms underlying computation in biological circuits can be investigated by analysing artificial networks that accomplish the same function but differ in their mechanisms. Here, we argue that building biologically realistic network models is crucial to establishing causal relationships between neurons, synapses, circuits and behaviour. More specifically, we advocate for network models that consider the connectivity structure and the recorded activity dynamics while evaluating task performance.

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Aplicación del algoritmo de vigilancia para el virus Zika en Bogotá y Cali
Authors: Sarmiento Acuña Karen Solanyi , Ibañez-Correa Lina María , Botta Méndez Gabriela , Gracia Charry Gloria Milena , Holguín Ruiz Jorge Alirio , Zarante Montoya Ignacio , Hurtado-Villa Paula Margarita
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: Evaluar la aplicación del algoritmo de vigilancia para Zika del Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia en recién nacidos y gestantes desde octubre de 2015 a junio de 2017 en Bogotá y Cali (Colombia). Métodos: Estudio descriptivo. Los datos se obtuvieron de fichas del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública y los Programas de Vigilancia y Seguimiento de Niños con Defectos Congénitos de Bogotá y Cali. Se calculó frecuencia de sexo, afiliación al sistema de salud y de defectos congénitos de los recién nacidos (RN); además, el cumplimiento del algoritmo y su diagnóstico presuntivo. Resultados: Se obtuvieron un total de 597 registros. El 49,9 % de los RN fueron de sexo masculino y el 79 % presentaron anomalías del sistema nervioso central (SNC), microcefalia (29 %) e hidrocefalia (20 %). De las gestantes con información, se reportó Zika positivo en el 16 %; toxoplasmosis, en el 4 %, y citomegalovirus y sífilis, cada una con un 2 %. De RN con exámenes, las anomalías del SNC se detectaron con ecografía cerebral (39 %), resonancia magnética (38 %) y tomografía axial computarizada (35 %). Conclusiones: El INS generó un algoritmo ajustado a los parámetros internacionales de vigilancia que permite identificar de forma temprana posibles complicaciones, por lo que su incorporación total debe servir para reducir discapacidad y mortalidad. La evaluación de la aplicación de este protocolo, debido a las múltiples fuentes de información, dificulta sacar conclusiones definitivas, dado el contexto del sistema de salud colombiano.
La epigenética como protagonista en la senescencia celular
Authors: Sanguino Torrado María Del Rosario , Rojas Moreno Adriana Patricia
Published: September 2022

El proceso de senescencia celular en los tejidos tiene funciones diversas y heterogéneas. El lado benéfico de la senescencia se relaciona con la homeostasis tisular, porque cumple un papel importante durante el desarrollo embrionario y la remodelación tisular y favorece la desaceleración regenerativa del tejido durante estados de inflamación o tumorogénesis. El lado potencialmente nocivo de la senescencia tiene que ver con el tiempo. Tiempos prolongados promueven la acumulación incontrolada de células senescentes que así disminuyen el potencial regenerativo y funcional tisular. Durante la vida se inducen múltiples señales de estrés a los tejidos que activan los programas de senescencia celular. El marco molecular dentro del cual se lleva a cabo el proceso de senescencia celular incluye un conjunto de programas efectores secuencialmente inducidos como la desregulación de quinasas dependientes de ciclinas (CDK), la sobrerregulación de inhibidores de cinasas dependientes de ciclinas (CdkI), el incremento de la actividad metabólica, la activación de vías de reparación al daño del ADN (DDR) y la inducción de efectores apoptóticos. La epigenética, como reguladora de la expresión genética, dirige la activación o inhibición de los genes que controlan todos estos programas. En este artículo de revisión se describen en detalle los mecanismos epigenéticos responsables de la adquisición del fenotipo senescente en células eucariotas.
Progress of Additive Manufacturing Technology and Its Medical Applications
Authors: Bastin Anne , Huang Xiao
Published: September 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, is a disruptive technology that is revolutionizing many industries. It is gaining considerable attention, particularly in the medical field as it renders the possibilities of building new devices or modifying existing devices to match a patient's anatomy and to produce anatomically exact models, supporting health professionals with diagnostics and surgery preparation. In addition, the free-form building capability of AM allows the designer to have a complete control over the internal architecture of the device, along with tailored mechanical properties, such as compression strength, stiffness, and many surface features. As the processes of AM become well-understood, there is more control over the consistency and quality of the printed parts, positioning this technology for medical applications. With more and more medically approved 3D-printed devices entering the market, the purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the regulatory pathway to the Food and Drug Administration approval of a medical device, along with common AM processes used in the medical industry. To conclude, medical devices that are enabled by AM technology and associated companies will be highlighted.
Numerical Investigation and Experiment on Natural Circulation Resistance and Energy Characteristics in a Circulating Axial Pump
Authors: Pu Kexin , Miao Hongjiang , Li Juanhong , Huang Bin , Yuan Faxu , Wu Peng , Wu Dazhuan
Published: September 2022

The influence of angle matching in rotor–stator interference (RSI) zone on natural circulation resistance (NCR) of circulating pump in natural circulation condition is illustrated by numerical method, and the analysis and optimization method of natural circulation based on loss coefficient curve are established through experiments. The mechanism and analysis formula of runaway speed are extracted, and the distribution diagram of Euler head density function (EHDF) is obtained to carry out image processing and analysis of secondary flow. Then, the optimal design interval of setting angle of impeller outlet under low flow resistance is acquired. As for the natural circulation loss of static parts, the optimal design interval of guide vane inlet angle and outlet angle with low flow resistance is obtained by analyzing the EHDF distribution diagram of the whole flow parts, which accounts for the position and reason of resistance. In this paper, the mechanism between runaway speed and loss coefficient curve is revealed and the resistance is optimized through the design and analysis of the RSI region, which provides theoretical methods for the analysis of the impeller performance of axial-flow circulating pump. Furthermore, it is a reference for the optimization design of natural circulation system.