bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inherent Jurisdiction, Judicial Power and Implied Guarantees under Chapter III of the Constitution
Authors: Lacey Wendy
Published: January 2018

The separation of judicial power from executive and legislative power has long been recognised as an important measure for guaranteeing individual liberty and for safeguarding against tyranny. As Winterton has noted, '[d]ividing governmental power is the oldest device for restraining it, and thereby protecting liberty'. However, it has also been widely recognised, particularly in recent years, that by entrenching the separation of federal judicial power, Chapter III of the Australian Constitution may offer individual guarantees beyond the arbitrary exercise of executive or legislative power. Consideration of exactly what these guarantees may include has significantly contributed to the recent interest in Chapter III of the Constitution. As one commentator proclaimed in 2001, the move of Chapter III to centre stage has been 'one of the defining features of the last decade of Australian constitutional law'. This trend has raised many questions relating to the nature of judicial power and judicial independence, and the extent to which it does, and can, protect individual liberties.
A Century of Judicial Style: Changing Patterns in Judgment Writing on the High Court 1903-2001
Authors: Groves Matthew , Smyth Russell
Published: January 2018

In a recent issue of the Australian Law Journal Enid Campbell argued that both the length of High Court judgments and the number of multiple separate High Court judgments has increased and that this is counterproductive. This view echoes similar concerns expressed by some judges and others in the profession. This argument is based on several assumptions about the High Court that are widely held among lawyers, but which have not been subject to any detailed empirical research. Those assumptions are:

(a)

High Court judgments have become significantly longer in recent times.

(b)

There is an increase in the number of concurring judgments on the High Court.

(c)

There is an increase in the number of dissenting judgments on the High Court.
Human Rights in the High Court of Australia, 1976-2003: The Righting of Australian Law?
Authors: Johns Fleur E
Published: January 2018

Much is made of Australia’s isolation as the only nation in the common law world without a comprehensive statutory or constitutional scheme for human rights protection. Yet, for all their paucity in Australian legislation, human rights seem, at times, to be everywhere in contemporary Australian legal and political discourse. According to two commentators writing in 1999, ‘the [Australian] judiciary [has become] more conscious of rights, and more willing to give effect to them where possible.’ The same commentators went on to urge ‘reconsideration’ of ’the training and patterns of thought of [Australian] lawyers … so that they may be better equipped to think, reason and argue in terms of rights.’ In April 2004, Australia’s Human Rights Commissioner, Dr Sev Ozdowski, sounded a familiar note in contending: ‘if Australian courts were able to interpret a domestically developed code of civil rights, in time this Australian jurisprudence would contribute to better international understanding of our way of life’.
Grounding the High Court's Modern Section 92 Jurisprudence: The case for Improper Purpose as the Touchstone
Authors: Simpson Amelia
Published: January 2018

The ‘free trade’ provision in Australia’s Constitution, section 92, remains partially uncharted territory, both as to its practical operation and its doctrinal underpinnings. Section 92 is presently understood as a non-discrimination norm. While interpretation has cleaved the norm into two distinct strands, this article addresses only one of those, that concerning protectionist discrimination against interstate trade or commerce. Although there are many outstanding issues regarding this norm’s operation in particular settings – for instance its operation upon the Commonwealth and its ramifications for export controls – I will not be exploring those frontiers here. Rather, my interest is in the established core of the protectionist discrimination principle and the soundness of its doctrinal underpinnings. I will focus in this article upon a crucial missing piece in our contemporary picture of section 92’s make up, specifically, the relationship between legislative purpose and practical effect in the identification of protectionist discrimination.
Does the High Court Disagree More Often in Constitutional Cases? A Statistical Study of Judgment Delivery 1981-2003
Authors: Lynch Andrew
Published: January 2018

The central purpose of this article is to test the assumption that constitutional cases generally produce a heightened level of disagreement amongst the members of the High Court. In addition to extra-judicial statements indicating that is so, there are a number of theoretical and pragmatic reasons why we would expect greater individuality in the delivery of constitutional judgments than might be observed in other areas. However, there has not been an empirical study of the Court’s behaviour in these cases which is of sufficient longitudinal scope so as to verify this suspicion, no matter how compelling the arguments or anecdotal impressions.

This study attempts to overcome that deficiency. In order to do so, it adopts the following structure. In Part II, the hypothesis under examination will be stated with consideration of the reasons currently given for its acceptance. In Part III, the methodology employed to test the hypothesis will be set out. In Part IV, results of the study will be presented with accompanying analysis. In the concluding Part, the findings of the study will be summed up and possible directions for future research will be suggested.
The Common Law and Federal Jurisdiction — What Exactly Does Section 80 of the Judiciary Act Do?
Authors: Hill Graeme
Published: January 2018

It is clear that s 80 of the Judiciary Act 1903 (Cth) (‘the Judiciary Act’) operates on the common law in cases in federal jurisdiction, but its precise effect is somewhat obscure. Section 80 provides:

So far as the laws of the Commonwealth are not applicable or so far as their provisions are insufficient to carry them into effect, or to provide adequate remedies or punishment, the common law in Australia as modified by the Constitution and by the statute law in force in the State or Territory in which the Court in which the jurisdiction is exercised is held shall, so far as it is applicable and not inconsistent with the Constitution and the laws of the Commonwealth, govern all Courts exercising federal jurisdiction in the exercise of their jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters.

Until recently, the High Court tended to concentrate on s 79 of the Judiciary Act (which applies the laws of the State and Territory where a court is exercising federal jurisdiction), and to consider s 80 only as an afterthought.
Alexander Meiklejohn, American Constitutional Law, and Australia’s Implied Freedom of Political Communication
Authors: Buss William G
Published: January 2018

Sometime after 1992, I first learned that the High Court of Australia had discovered that the Australian Constitution contained something that sounded very much like a freedom of speech guarantee. And the reasoning that supported that discovery sounded like the philosophy of Alexander Meiklejohn which I had been teaching in a seminar on Free Speech for several years.

Although Meiklejohn was talking about the United States Constitution, he was not emphasising the words of the First Amendment thereto. Drawing upon pre-Bill of Rights commitments recorded in various historical documents, Meiklejohn's view was that the framers of the United States Constitution had made a covenant with each other to build a democracy in which the people were both the governors and the governed. Freedom of speech, according to Meiklejohn, was necessary to make a democracy, and that was all that freedom of speech was designed to do.
Private Bodies, Public Power and Soft Law in the High Court
Authors: Aronson Mark
Published: January 2018

For the last 40 or more years, academic administrative lawyers have advocated an ever-more expansionary role for judicial review of administrative action, and their urgings have usually been well-attuned to similarly expansionist tendencies on the part of the judges. Expansionists grew accustomed to being on the winning side, both in Australia and England, but we in Australia are beginning to learn that nothing lasts forever, even while the English expansions continue at almost break-neck speed. Three High Court cases are especially noteworthy. They are Re Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs; Ex parte Lam ('Lam’); NEAT Domestic Trading Pty Ltd v AWB Ltd ('NEAT Domestic’); and Griffith University v Tang ('Tang’).
Transnational Challenges to Constitutional Law: Convergence, Resistance, Engagement
Authors: Jackson Vicki C
Published: January 2018

The interaction between national constitutions and transnational sources of law (foreign and international) has generated quite an active disagreement in the United States about what these bodies of law have to do with each other. This paper will explore these debates and the postures towards transnational law and its role in domestic constitutional adjudication which they express. It will identify three postures — of convergence, of resistance, and of engagement — that are manifest in the opinions of different justices of important high courts around the world, and will argue for a posture of ‘engagement’ at least in established constitutional systems like that of the United States.
What Do Australian Businesses Really Think of the ACCC, and Does it Matter?
Authors: Parker Christine , Nielsen Vibeke Lehmann
Published: January 2018

There is no doubt that the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission ('ACCC’) has provoked very strong opinions among big business in Australia. This criticism reached its height in 2002 and 2003, at the end of Professor Allan Fels’ period as Chairman of the Commission. At this time, the Chief Executive Officers of a number of Australia's biggest companies regularly and publicly criticised the ACCC, and Professor Fels himself, for being ‘unfair, unjust and immoral', and having no ‘line of accountability at all.’ The ACCC's behaviour was criticised for being ‘a corruption of administration of the Trade Practices Act', ‘false and misleading behaviour on the part of the cop', and for using publicity ‘in a way that damages companies before they are proven guilty'. One chief executive said that ‘Fels’ use of the media … smacks of the Gestapo.’ Another called Fels a ‘smiling assassin’ who had inflicted ‘irreparable harm to the Australian economy.’
An Opportunity Spurned: Michael McKinnon's Case
Authors: Finn Chris
Published: January 2018

Australians, it is said, live in a representative democracy. As citizens of that democracy they are ultimately able to hold their political representatives to account via the electoral process. In the interim between electoral episodes they form the views upon which that holding to account will be based. At the same time, they participate in and evaluate governmental processes in a variety of ways, some of them statutory, some of them via the Parliament of the day, and many of them via the media, lobby organisations, interest groups and other proxies.

Informational transparency is central to this holding to account. This was famously recognised by the High Court in the so called ‘freedom of political communication’ cases in 1992. Those cases constituted the first explicit judicial recognition that ‘the sovereign power which resides in the people [and] is exercised on their behalf by their representatives’ was more than simply a political doctrine, but was in fact a constitutional fundamental capable of limiting, as it did in those cases, Commonwealth legislative power.
Reforming Australia’s Federal System
Authors: Twomey Anne
Published: January 2018

On 9 February 2007, all State Premiers, in the Council for the Australian Federation, agreed that a constitutional convention should be held in 2008 to propose reforms to Australia's federal system. The need for a Constitutional Convention to improve the operation of the federal system has been supported by a broad coalition, ranging from business groups, to local government, academics and the media. Bob McMullan, in his former role as Shadow Minister for Federal/State Relations, stated that the idea was ‘worthy of serious consideration'. The 2020 Summit, held in April 2008, also proposed the holding of a constitutional convention to reconsider the allocation of powers and functions across all tiers of government and the finances needed to fund them.
Refusals of Assent to Bills Passed by Parliament in Germany and Australia
Authors: Taylor Greg
Published: January 2018

There has recently been a minor research and publishing boom in the field of refusals of royal assent to Bills in Australia. When in the throes of finalising my own contribution to this outburst of scholarship, I discovered that the figurehead German Federal President had just refused his assent to two government Bills passed by the Bundestag (the lower house of Parliament). In the two cases, which occurred in October and December 2006, the Federal President acted because he thought the proposed statute unconstitutional. Further research revealed that these were the seventh and eighth refusals of assent by a Federal President against the government's wishes since the foundation of the Federal Republic in 1949. As a result, there is a long-running academic debate in Germany about the circumstances in which the figurehead Federal President may refuse assent. Some scholars even permit the Federal President to assess every proposed law to ensure that it complies with the constitutional charter of rights, while others take a more restrictive view and confine his task to errors of parliamentary procedure and/or restrictions on law-making power other than those to be found in the charter of rights.
Open All Hours: The Reach of Vicarious Liability in ‘Off-Duty’ Sexual Harassment Complaints
Authors: Hely Brook
Published: January 2018

When an employee sexually harasses a fellow employee away from the workplace or outside work hours, such as at a bar or a private party, difficult questions arise as to whether the employer should be held vicariously liable. Conversely, difficult questions arise as to the extent to which an employer might legitimately seek to supervise or regulate the conduct of its employees outside of work.

This article traces the key decisions that have considered this issue of sexual harassment away from the workplace or outside normal work hours (for convenience, I have referred to such conduct as ‘off-duty sexual harassment’).

As the discussion in Part Two illustrates, the leading decisions in the Australian federal jurisdiction considering the scope of vicarious liability for off-duty sexual harassment have taken a consistently broad approach to the requisite nexus with the employment. This culminated in the watershed decision of the Federal Magistrates Court last year in Lee v Smith, where an employer was held vicariously liable when an employee raped a fellow employee at a private residence following a social dinner party.
The Dangers of Shared Care Legislation: Why Australia Needs (Yet More) Family Law Reform
Authors: Rhoades Helen
Published: January 2018

Agitation for parenting reform has become a prominent feature of family law policy debates in recent years. Many countries, such as England and Canada, have proceeded cautiously in response to such demands. Australia, on the other hand, opted for a bolder step and enacted a suite of shared parenting amendments in 2006, including a presumption of ‘equal shared parental responsibility'. The Shared Parental Responsibility Act was designed to facilitate substantial, if not equal, involvement by both parents in children's lives following separation, provided this is safe. While conversations about the implications of this move continue to take place, the first empirical evidence of its impact on post-separation parenting patterns has now been published. Its data suggest the reforms have been successful in producing an increase in ‘substantially shared care arrangements’ since the legislation came into force. At the same time, however, the research indicates that a significant number of these arrangements are characterised by intense parental conflict, and that shared care of children is a key variable affecting poor emotional outcomes for children.
Legal Services and Professional Regulation Internationally? Australia Abroad
Authors: Arup Chris
Published: January 2018

This article provides insight into the emerging global-local and public-private nature of professional regulation. Specifically, it reports on recent cross-border interaction to modify professional regulation involving the recognition of qualifications, rights of practice and discipline and ethics. That interaction reveals how – loosely - the regulation of legal competence and conduct has been drawn into a web of global governance. A particular interest is the prominent role that Australian practitioners and officials have played in both multilateral and bilateral relations.

In characterising the way governance of regulation has gone global, Picciotto describes it as a networked field. The governance of regulation has spilled over national borders, yet it has not moved cleanly upwards into a regime of binding public international law. Global governance lacks a clear regulatory hierarchy. Regulatory relations extend out horizontally as well as vertically and they blur the boundaries between public and private regulators.
Do Norwegian Textbooks for Compulsory Education Promote Geological System Thinking?
Authors: Hansen Pål J. Kirkeby
Published: January 2018

Geology is one of many topics in the Norwegian curricula for Natural Science and Geography in compulsory education. System thinking is a strategy to promote conceptual development. The purpose of this study is to investigate how geological systems are presented in Norwegian science and geography textbooks for years 1-10. The geological system for oil and gas formation is explicit in the curriculum; the plate tectonic cycle and the rock cycle are not. 13 best-selling textbook were examined showing that single components of geology are introduced at years 1-4. Elements and processes of rock formation and plate tectonics are introduced at years 5-7 and further developed at years 8-10. Oil and gas formation have a short introduction at years 8-10. The textbooks do cover the geology aims in the curriculum satisfactory except for oil and gas formation. One textbook presents the whole rock cycle, and one the plate tectonic cycle. The other textbooks present elements and processes but not as holistic geological cyclic systems.
Nitrite Embedded Vacuum Packaging Improves Retail Color and Oxidative Stability of Bison Steaks and Patties
Authors: Roberts J. C. , Rodas-González A. , Galbraith J. , Dugan M. E. R. , Larsen I. L. , Aalhus J. L. , López-Campos Ó.
Published: January 2018

Bison meat is prone to rapid discoloration under traditional aerobic retail packaging conditions. The aim of this study was to determine if the color stability of bison steaks and burger patties could be improved through packaging meat with a vacuum-sealed film containing embedded sodium nitrite. Bison bulls (n = 40) were slaughtered and the longissimus lumborum (LL) and rhomboideus (RH) were removed. Following a postmortem aging period of 6, 13, or 20 d steaks were obtained from the LL. RH muscles aged 6 d were ground (85:15 lean to fat) and formed into 140 g patties. One steak and two burger patties from each carcass side were placed into either a polystyrene tray overwrapped with oxygen permeable polyvinyl chloride film (CONT) or a polyethylene tray vacuum sealed with film coated in sodium nitrite (113 mg × m–2; NIT); meat was placed under simulated retail conditions for 4 d. A 3-way interaction was observed between packaging type, whole muscle aging and time in retail display for objective (L*, Chroma, and Hue) and subjective (lean color score and proportion of surface discoloration) color measures from steaks (P < 0.0001). The CONT packaged meat showed an increased area of discoloration and in metmyoglobin after 4 d in retail display (P < 0.0001); NIT meats did not show a higher area of discoloration or metmyoglobin after retail display. Additionally, NIT packaged steaks and burger patties lightened (higher L*) and became redder over the course of the retail display period. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (products of lipid peroxidation) did not increase in NIT packaged burger patties after 4 d under retail conditions, however, there was a significant increase observed for CONT packaged burger patties (P < 0.0001). NIT packaging appears to effectively improve the color stability of bison meat under retail conditions, making this packaging strategy well suited to address the issue of rapid discoloration.
Evaluation of Meat Quality on High pH Strip Loins Injected with Buffered Acetic Acid
Authors: Tapp W. Nathan , Christjohn Colton T. , Griffing Derek A. , Bratcher Christy L.
Published: January 2018

This experiment evaluated the effects of injection of buffered vinegar [e(Lm)inate V, Hawkins Inc., Minneapolis, MN] at pH 5.0 on quality attributes of high pH beef strip loins. Strip loins (n = 16) were sectioned and treatments assigned to evenly represent each section, and on d 6 after harvest and fabrication treatments were injected into each section using a multi needle injector. One control and three treatments were used: 0 (T0), 0.4 (T0.4), 1.2 (T1.2), and 1.6% (T1.6) of the green weight of steaks was injected, and quality characteristics of strip loins were evaluated. Sections were then vacuumed packaged for an additional 3 d to simulate transport to retail outlets, then fabricated into steaks and overwrapped for an addition 3 d for simulation of retail storage. High pH control (T0) final pH (FpH) values were the highest, with a pH of 5.87. While there were similarities between treatments, overall as percentage of injection increased, FpH decreased. There was no difference among location (P > 0.05) when evaluating FpH. There were no difference in cook loss or TBARS for location or treatment. Drip loss was greatest for T1.2 injection and in the most caudal section. Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) was different due to the location of the section (P ≤ 0.05), with section Y (the third section) having the greatest value. Off flavor intensity increased (P ≤ 0.05) as percentage of injection increased. Final L*, a*, and b* values were different (P ≤ 0.05) for treatment levels in the loins with the control having the lowest L* and b* values. While this product was sufficient at altering final raw color and pH, it may not be feasible for industry use, due to minimal impacts on drip loss, cook loss, oxidation, and sensory characteristics with an increase in off flavor. Nonetheless, investigation of application with an antioxidant and/or functional ingredient could prove beneficial for industry use.
Den globale familie: opløsning eller transnationalisering af familien?
Authors: Nyberg Sørensen Ninna
Published: January 2018

Ninna Nyberg Sørensen: The Global Family – Disintegration or Transnationalization of the Family?

The identification of the family with the domestic group has given rise to various analytical problems in migration research. Many researchers have argued that family separation due to migration leads inevitably to family disintegration. Prediction of such negative outcomes has been conspicuously salient in work dealing with migrant mothers who leave spouses and/or children behind. Nevertheless, the proliferation of long-distance and sometimes long-term transnational family ties challenges conventional notions of the family. This article, which is based on qualitative interviews with Latin American migrants in various European countries, discusses two related issues. The first concerns the question of whether the feminization of particular migration streams translates into new and distinct transnational family relationships. The second concerns the roots and consequences of spatially fractured husband-wife/ parent-child relations. The article concludes that migration transforms, reorients and reprioritizes family relationships, but not necessarily in the way predicted by conventional demography or migration analysis.
Globalisering og "forestillede verdener": En kvalitativ undersøgelse baseret på børnetegninger fra to landsbyer i Peru
Authors: Lauritsen Peter , Mathiasen Stinne Højer
Published: January 2018

Globalization and ’’Imagined Worlds’’: A Qualitative Study of Children’s Drawings from Two Villages in Peru

Globalization is sometimes described in terms of flows delivering resources for the construction of virtual, global worlds. However, the relation between the presence of flows and the actual construction of new imagined worlds is often only assumed and lacks empirical exploration. By analysing drawings made by children in two settlements in Ayacucho, Peru this article initiates such an exploration. The children were asked to draw pictures of how they would like their community to be in the future, and they were interviewed about these drawings. Using an adapted form of Grounded Theory, the analysis “reads out“ an understanding of the children’s imagined communities. It shows that there were vast differences between the drawings from the two settlements. However, these differences cannot be related to the differences in the presence of television in the respective villages, and thus to a “global flow“, in one of the communities. This result questions the link between global flows and the construc-tion of imagined worlds. The article concludes by arguing for additional qualitative research on globalization.
(Medieskabt) Ekspertise i Medierne
Authors: Arnoldi Jakob
Published: January 2018

(Media created) expertise in the media

The article develops a notion of expertise based on Bourdieu’s notion of

symbolic capital. This conception of expertise focuses on public recognition of different forms of capital that, through this public recognition, come to be seen as competencies, i.e. as expertise. The article furthermore argues that the transformation of field specific forms of capital - such as academic, intellectual or cultural capital - into symbolic capital increasingly happens in and through the mass media. In other words, journalists’ selections of expert sources legiti-mise certain professions and bodies of knowledge as experts and expertise. This has consequences for universities given the fact that: a) contemporary knowledge society contains many types of research institutions and profes-sions outside universities that can deliver expertise, and b) these institutions tend to be more willing than universities to play up to the mass media in order to secure the legitimisation of their knowledge as expertise.
Sociologens interesse
Authors: Bourdieu Pierre
Published: January 2018

In Interest of the Sociologist

This article focuses on social relations of power. Bourdieu explains the construction of his concepts of “interest“ and “strategy“. This leads him to an elaboration of his theory of ‘habitus’ in relation to the economic perspective, which is based on the utilitarian theory of action. The article is included as an further explanation of Bourdieu’s definition of his controversial concepts of “interest“ and “strategy“. It takes the form of a lexical manifestation of some of the most important concepts used in the work of his work and by critics, who have accused him of being far too deterministic.
Antioxidant properties of soybean seedlings inoculated with Trichoderma asperellum
Authors: Manojlovic Ana , Malencic Djordje , Sucur Jovana , Djuric Simonida , Petrovic Aleksandra , Ivanovic Ivana
Published: January 2018

This study was conducted in order to assess the effect of inoculation of
soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds with Trichoderma asperellum, followed by
mites (Tetranychus urticae) exposure on lipid peroxidation (LP) process and
the activity of antioxidant enzymes. T. urticae is an occasional pest of
soybean that causes biotic stress. Biotic stress leads to overproduction of
reactive oxygen species (ROS) which may cause damage to vital biomolecules.
Enzymatic antioxidant defense systems protect plants against oxidative
stress. T. asperellum is commonly used as biocontrol agent against plant
pathogens. It has been suggested that previous inoculation of seeds with T.
asperellum may cause induced resistance against biotic stress. The aim of
this study was to determine LP intensity and antioxidant enzymes activity in
inoculated and non-inoculated soybean seedlings with and without exposure to
mites. Noticeably higher LP intensity was detected in non-inoculated group
treated with mites compared to control group. Inoculated soybean seedlings
treated with mites had lower LP intensity compared to noninoculated group.
Also, it has been noticed that inoculation with Trichoderma asperellum
itself, produced mild stress in plants. In addition, positive correlation
between enzymes activity and LP was noticed. The level of oxidative stress
in plants was followed by the change of LP intensity. According to results
obtained, it was concluded that the greatest oxidative stress occurred in
non-inoculated group treated with mites and that inoculation successfully
reduced oxidative stress. The results indicate that inoculation of soybean
seeds with T. asperellum improves resistance of soybean seedlings against
mites attack.
Effect of nitrogen sources on the production of antifungal metabolites by Streptomyces hygroscopicus
Authors: Mitrovic Ivana , Grahovac Jovana , Dodic Jelena , Dodic Sinisa , Grahovac Mila
Published: January 2018

Biotechnologically produced antifungal compounds for control of plant
diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi represent a promising alternative
to synthetic pesticides. Fungi from the genera Alternaria and Fusarium are
listed among important storage pathogens of apple fruits. A. alternata
causes significant annual losses of apple fruit. Also, F. avenaceum is one
of the most commonly encountered Fusarium species identified as the causal
agent of a wet apple core rot. Species of the Streptomyces genera are soil
bacteria that produce significant quantities of bioactive compounds in
appropriate media. Defining the culture medium composition is the basis of
bioprocesses development. Nitrogen source is critical component of
cultivation medium and also the most useful tool for stimulation of the
antifungal metabolites production. The aim of this study was to select the
best nitrogen sources in medium for the production of antifungal compounds
effective against A. alternata and F. avenaceum by S. hygroscopicus.
Activity of the cultivation liquids on A. alternata and F. avenaceum
isolates was tested in vitro using well diffusion method. The results
in?dicate that maximum inhibition zone was reached in medium with soybean
meal as nitrogen source with inhibition diameter more than 35 mm for both
tested fungi.
Morphological and molecular identification of Fusarium tricinctum and Fusarium acuminatum as causal agents of garlic bulbs rot in Serbia
Authors: Ignjatov Maja , Bjelic Dragana , Nikolic Zorica , Milosevic Dragana , Marinkovic Jelena , Ivanovic Zarko , Gvozdanovic-Varga Jelica
Published: January 2018

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is considered to be one of the oldest crops in
the world. During 2016, infected garlic bulbs occurred in storages on
several localities of the Province of Vojvodina. Symptomatic cloves showed
typical rot symptoms such as softened and spongy areas covered with white
fungal growth with deep lesions formed on the cloves which became dry over
time. A total of 36 isolates of Fusarium species were obtained from diseased
cloves of garlic. Colony morphology and microscopic properties of isolated
Fusarium species were recorded from the cultures grown on PDA and CLA,
respectively. Identification of two chosen isolates was performed by
sequencing the EF-1? gene. The TEF sequence of isolate JBL12 showed 100%
similarity with several F. tricinctum sequences and sequence of JBL539
showed 99% identity with several F. acuminatum sequences and they were
deposited in the NCBI GenBank. Based on the results of the morphological and
molecular identification, isolates JBL12 and JBL539 were identified as F.
tricinctum and F. acuminatum, respectively, as new causal agents of garlic
bulbs rot in Serbia. Specific primers were designed for the PCR
identification of the F. tricinctum.
Farm water as a possible source of fungal infections
Authors: Stojanov Igor , Prodanov-Radulovic Jasna , Pusic Ivan , Jaksic Sandra , Zivkov-Balos Milica , Ratajac Radomir
Published: January 2018

The quality of drinking water depends on the water sources, but also on the
quality of the water distribution system which supplies the water on to the
final user. In addition, the possibility of contamination of water used for
watering animals in the farm buildings depends on the hygienic conditions on
farms. Microbiological quality of water on farms in Serbia has not been one
of the main focuses of animal breeders, although according to the Food
Safety Law water is considered as food. As feed safety for the animals,
which includes microbiological analyses, is an important concern of breeder
farmers, it is also important to control the water safety in order not to
become a cause of the animal health problems. Change of the water quality is
not important only from the sanitary epidemiological point of view, but the
presence of different microorganisms, especially fungi, can cause changes in
taste and smell, as organoleptic properties of water. According to legal
regulations, there is no difference between the quality requirements for
drinking water relative to the water supply intended for animals. For the
aforementioned reasons, the subject of this study is microbiological control
of water samples from the drinkers for animals at farms. The aim of the work
is to examine which fungi are possibly present in the water and what their
number is. In total, 35 samples of water from pig and poultry farms were
tested. The method of direct seeding and filtration was used. The presence
of different types of mold (Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Alternaria
sp., Mucor sp. and Rhizopus sp., and Candida sp.) was determined. The
results indicate the necessity of microbiological control of water for
watering of farm animals, which implies the analysis for the presence of
molds.
Women Political Participation in the Era of Prophet Muhammad: Study on the Hadith Transmitters of the Women Companions
Authors: Nadia Zunly
Published: January 2018

Most of Moslem societies define the role of woman in the purely domestic sector. Some people consider that Islam stands against women’s role in public sectors believing that it has roots in the context of the prophet’s time. This work shows that there is no prohibitation for woman to take parts in the public and social affairs including in the area of political role. It was the case that some women companions of the prophet participated in the political role including Aisyah the wife of Nabi Saw, Asma binti Abu Bakar, Ummu Athiyah, Ummu Hani’ and Rubayyi’ bint Mu’awidz. In this paper, the writer focuses on woman companion hadith transmitters who are directly wrapped up in the missionary work with the prophet. In addition, this paper also shows the relation between woman companion transmitter activities and their hadith transmission, under assumption that the role of woman would influence the texts of the transmitted hadiths. It is because, as a text, hadith was transmitted in the certain context and condition. Accordingly, every transmitter had different hadith transmission based on her context, status, profession, and even gender construction. Therefore, this paper discusses the woman companion transmitters who play their role in the field of politics and also their influence in their transmitted hadiths
The Growth of Gender Research in South Africa and Southern Theory
Authors: Morrell Robert , Clowes Lindsay
Published: January 2018

The late twentieth century saw a steep rise in published works on gender in South Africa. This article is based on a quantitative analysis of the production of gender research. The theoretical backdrop is current interest in Southern theory, theory produced to analyse and challenge existing global knowledge inequalities. As a domain of research, South African gender writings draw both on global feminist impulses as well as national and local ones. In this paper we identify the trajectory of gender research in South Africa and consider the genealogy of its feminist writing. We show how the focus of gender was sometimes divided on grounds of race, but often was united by opposition to patriarchy which took forms of activist scholarship. We focus on a number of themes to show how feminist scholarship developed out of engagements with questions of inequality, race, class and gender. While gender research featured powerful engagement with local, South African issues which serve to give this body of work its cohesion, it also manifested divisions that reflected the very inequalities being researched.
Another Side of “Born in the U.S.A.”: Form, Paradox, and Rhetorical Indirection
Authors: Schneider Jason
Published: January 2018

“Born in the U.S.A.” has been one of the most important and controversial songs of Bruce Springsteen’s career. For some listeners, the song is a pro-America anthem; for others, it is a scathing commentary on American government and society. This paper challenges both of those views, arguing that the song’s apparently contradictory musical form and lyrical content interact to produce a collective rhetorical effect. In this view, “Born in the U.S.A.” is not an argument for a specific political ideology but rather a multilayered and multidirectional interrogation of the paradoxes of national belonging.
Introduction to BOSS
Authors: BOSS Editors of
Published: January 2018

Introduction to BOSS
On the Way To the Relevant Grammatical Tagset for Tatar National Corpus
Authors: Galieva Alfiia , Khakimov Bulat , Gatiatullin Airat
Published: January 2018

The development of the metalanguage for annotation is one of the topical issues in modern corpus linguistics. One of the main problems in the development of a grammatical tagset for the Tatar National Corpus is to identify the inventory level of inflectional categories and to create an optimal metalanguage of description. We discuss the factors that complicate the process of grammatical annotation for Turkic corpora in general, including the need to overcome the influence of the Indo-European grammatical tradition in the description of the phenomena of Turkic languages, the lack of generally accepted standards for corpus annotation, the lack of a common metalanguage used to describe grammatical categories of Turkic languages, poor differentiation of word-building and form-building in Turkic languages, etc. In the course of work on the system of grammatical annotation of the Tatar Corpus, we made an inventory of grammatical categories of the Tatar language and developed a metalanguage for describing them.

Currently, the developed grammatical tagset contains 93 tags. Tags for parts of speech and grammatical categories were created to meet the worldwide standards, primarily the Leipzig glossing rules.
Online Runtime Verification Competitions: How To Possibly Deal With Their Issues (position paper)
Authors: Signoles Julien
Published: January 2018

This short paper presents a compilation of feedback about online runtime verification competitions from an active contestant. In particular, it points out several issues and how they could possibly be fixed.
Comparing Switching vs. Mixing MPC for Robust Fault-Tolerant Control
Authors: Sohege Yves , Provan Gregory
Published: January 2018

We conduct a comparative study between two approaches for combining signals from several MPCs designed for different fault scenarios. The first is MPC switching where a switch dictates which of the MPC controllers is currently active. The second is MPC mixing where all MPCs are running concurrently and their outputs are blended in proportion to the current estimate of fault state. We demonstrate results using a gravity drained multi-tank system. Our empirical results show that the mixing approach responds more quickly to faults than the switching approach. Further, we show that the speed and accuracy of fault isolation has a critical impact on fault tolerance.
Interdisciplinary Pedagogical Actions to Optimize Engineering Undergraduate Written Production
Authors: Noceti Alicia
Published: January 2018

Writing is extremely challenging for engineering students. Navarro (2012) asserts that academic literacy in the mother tongue is similar to learning a foreign language as it involves immersion in a new culture. Food Engineering undergraduates (School of Food Science, University of Entre Ríos) face this difficulty when they have to write their Final Project. As a consequence, interdisciplinary actions were implemented by engineers and linguists (both in English and Spanish) in order to raise students´ awareness of this genre characteristics, to facilitate its production and to write relevant titles and abstracts. The importance of both title and abstract is paramount once the Final Projects are uploaded to the university website in order to attract readers. The objective of this study was to explore whether interdisciplinary actions could optimize undergraduates´ written production. All titles produced since the first Food Engineer graduated were collected. This corpus analysis revealed that titles were extremely short and provided very little information. Consequently, pedagogical activities were designed and implemented as from 2012. An exploration of antecedent or prior genre knowledge (Artemeva, N. & Fox., J., 2010) was carried out in different workshops. Generic structure, audience awareness, rhetorical functions and linguistic features studied in the English courses were activated. Writing seminars in Spanish were implemented in 5º year. In addition, undergraduates attended tutorials with the engineers and then and then interviews with the linguists. In several meetings students discussed titles and abstracts (in Spanish and English), designed their slides for the oral defense and rehearsed their oral presentations. The analysis of the corpus including all projects´ titles defended within the time window that included our actions indicated that students had activated their previous generic knowledge. Feedback from students, after graduation, demonstrated that interdisciplinary activities included language as an across the curriculum content and contributed to the adequate production of academic genres. Results may affect curricular design and decisions at the macro level since implementation of writing seminars along undergraduates´ trajectories has been positioned as a top priority.
Préstamos en el recorrido por España de Richard Twiss, un viajero ilustrado
Authors: Lario de Oñate M Carmen , Vázquez Amador María
Published: January 2018

Los libros de viaje, existentes desde épocas remotas, permiten al lector conocer parte de esos lugares que se describen. El viaje pasó de ser una necesidad por cuestiones de climatología, de subsistencia, en los primeros tiempos, a ser razón de fortalecimiento de las naciones con la conquista de nuevos territorios en el siglo XV, a convertirse en una experiencia educativa e “ilustrada” de importancia para la clase media-alta británica en los siglos XVII-XVIII a través del Grand Tour. A pesar de que España no formaba parte de ese itinerario de viaje suscitó la curiosidad de algunos viajeros con deseos de saber algo más de ese país desconocido para muchos. Estos intrépidos viajeros dejaron constancia de todo aquello que iban conociendo en libros de viajes, relatos, cartas, etc. y describieron no sólo el patrimonio histórico y artístico sino también su cultura, costumbres, tradiciones y modo de vida.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar los préstamos utilizados por Richard Twiss, uno de esos aventureros que se lanzó a conocer España a finales del siglo XVIII, a lo largo de las páginas de su obra Travels through Portugal and Spain in 1772 and 1773. A través de este trabajo pretendemos analizar estos vocablos y determinar la procedencia de esos préstamos, si se trata de un fenómeno utilizado con frecuencia en el texto, las áreas temáticas a las que se adscriben y si aparecen con una explicación del significado de la voz o con un equivalente en lengua inglesa.
Indian Currency Recognition using Neural Network Pattern Recognition Tool
Authors: Patel Viranchi N , Jaliya Udesang K , Brahmbhatt Keyur N
Published: January 2018

Advancement of Technology has replaced humans in almost every field with machines. By introducing machines, banking automation has reduced human workload. More care is required to handle currency, which is reduced by automation of banking. The identification of the currency value is hard when currency notes are blurry or damaged. Complex designs are included to enhance security of currency. This makes the task of currency recognition very difficult. To correctly recognize a currency it is very significant to choose the good features and suitable algorithm. In proposed method, Canny Edge Detector is used for segmentation and for classification, NN pattern recognition tool is used which gives 95.6% accuracy.
A Parametric Study on Behaviour of Geogrid Reinforced Earth Retaining Wall
Authors: Vashi Riddhi , Patel Amit , Patel Krunali
Published: January 2018

Reinforced soil retaining walls have become a conventional practice for economical retaining wall construction. For stability, geosynthetic reinforcement should have ample design strength, located at specific vertical spacing in the reinforced fill. Geosynthetic reinforcement design strengths and vertical spacing are easy to attain. If there are outcrops of heavily over consolidated soils, soft r hard rocks in close vicinity to the retaining wall, the required reinforcement lengths into the reinforced fill may be difficult to achieve. In these circumstances, it becomes impossible to excavate the heavily over consolidated soil or rock. In that case, extent of reinforced fill has to be controlled to protect the wall face alignment which in turn results in short lengths of geosynthetic reinforcement.
Intercultural Dialogicity in Maritime English Course Materials
Authors: Bocanegra-Valle Ana
Published: January 2018

This paper explores how intercultural awareness is raised in Maritime English (henceforth, ME) higher education courses and, particularly, how the “intercultural dialogue” (Council of Europe, 2008) is fostered in ME materials. Interculturality and its impact upon the maritime profession is a major concern for the shipping industry as multilingual and multicultural crews prevail aboard ships. Four teaching/learning resources have been targeted: the latest ME textbook (Grice, 2012), a web-based ME learning tool (MarEng, 2007-2010), a recently launched online platform offering ME learning materials (SeaTALK, 2015), and the latest edition of a full Model Course programme on ME (IMO, 2015). The results obtained help to assess if, and to what extent ME language teaching materials serve as “mediators of intercultural communicative competence” (Rico Troncoso, 2012: 130), providers of intercultural awareness, facilitators for intercultural encounters and creators of “spaces for intercultural dialogue” (Council of Europe, 2008: 46). Conclusions are expected to further research into intercultural dialogicity and provide researchers in other languages and ESP fields with guidance for assessing the presence of intercultural-related features in their own course materials.