bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Éthique de l’accompagnement – Une approche existentielle, par Jacques Quintin (2020)
Authors: Garcia Marion
Published: June 2021

Ce compte rendu met en valeur comment l’Éthique de l’accompagnement – Une approche existentielle de Jacques Quintin permet d’appréhender la relation à l’Autre, et notamment la relation soignant-soigné, de manière éthique. Ce livre démontre que le rôle du soignant réside dans l’accompagnement de la personne malade et de ses proches afin de les guider dans un processus de réflexion, un examen de soi, de délibération et de prise de décision quant à la question de leur propre existence et de la compréhension de soi. Cette oeuvre est un remarquable développement, mais également un guide, dans la mise en pratique de l’éthique clinique.
PUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURE AND INFANT MORTALITY RATE IN NIGERIA
Authors: Mathew Oluwaseun Adeagbo
Published: June 2021

One of the numerous responsibilities of the government of any country is to invest in the various sectors of the economy. This should, however, be channeled to the appropriate sectors, such as the health sector, that will lead to a continual growth of the country. It is in the light of this, that this study looks at government spending on the health sector and its effect on infant mortality rate (INFM) in Nigeria. Health is central to the well-being of the citizens. This study made an attempt to provide empirical evidence of the impact of public health expenditure on infant mortality rate in Nigeria between 1991 and 2018 using time series data. The Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) analytical method was used to examine the relationships. Various robustness checks were carried out to ensure the reliability of the result for policy makers. Findings revealed that all variables employed positively impacted INFM except for Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus (DPT) immunization and female literacy rate. It was therefore recommended that more public enlightenments on the importance of taking DPT immunization for infants should be embarked upon for the target audience to be able to produce a positive effect, nursing mothers should be educated more on the need to take good care of their children especially at the early stage and not leave chance to the faith of the day care, all in the name of being literate and answering the call of their job at the expense of their parental role among others.
EFFECTS OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT ON THE ECONOMY OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Mrkaić Ateljević Andrijana , Popović Srđa
Published: June 2021

Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) used to be an attractive tourist destination, which existed within the former Yugoslavia, and experienced a real collapse of tourism development after the war in the 1990s. The recovery process required, above all, the establishment of general stability and harmonization of interests of three constituent nations. That is the reason why the focus on general economic and social progress has been present for years, and tourism as an economic branch has been placed on the margins of development plans. The subject of this research is tourism as a facilitator of the development of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The main aim is to present the direct and indirect contributions of tourism to the development of the national economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It required the collection of data using classical scientific research methods, and then processing using statistical techniques. The purpose is to provide the insight into the strength and direction of correlation between individual categories in the balance of payments through correlation regression analysis. In addition, the analysis of the impact of tourism on investment, employment and gross domestic product was performed. This paper answers the question whether tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina stimulates economic development and whether economic development enables the development of tourism.
Spherical arena reveals optokinetic response tuning to stimulus location, size, and frequency across entire visual field of larval zebrafish
Authors: Dehmelt Florian A , Meier Rebecca , Hinz Julian , Yoshimatsu Takeshi , Simacek Clara A , Huang Ruoyu , Wang Kun , Baden Tom , Arrenberg Aristides B
Published: June 2021

Many animals have large visual fields, and sensory circuits may sample those regions of visual space most relevant to behaviours such as gaze stabilisation and hunting. Despite this, relatively small displays are often used in vision neuroscience. To sample stimulus locations across most of the visual field, we built a spherical stimulus arena with 14,848 independently controllable LEDs. We measured the optokinetic response gain of immobilised zebrafish larvae to stimuli of different steradian size and visual field locations. We find that the two eyes are less yoked than previously thought and that spatial frequency tuning is similar across visual field positions. However, zebrafish react most strongly to lateral, nearly equatorial stimuli, consistent with previously reported spatial densities of red, green, and blue photoreceptors. Upside-down experiments suggest further extra-retinal processing. Our results demonstrate that motion vision circuits in zebrafish are anisotropic, and preferentially monitor areas with putative behavioural relevance.
High-fidelity, efficient, and reversible labeling of endogenous proteins using CRISPR-based designer exon insertion
Authors: Zhong Haining , Ceballos Cesar C , Massengill Crystian I , Muniak Michael A , Ma Lei , Qin Maozhen , Petrie Stefanie Kaech , Mao Tianyi
Published: June 2021

Precise and efficient insertion of large DNA fragments into somatic cells using gene editing technologies to label or modify endogenous proteins remains challenging. Non-specific insertions/deletions (INDELs) resulting from the non-homologous end joining pathway make the process error-prone. Further, the insert is not readily removable. Here, we describe a method called CRISPR-mediated insertion of exon (CRISPIE) that can precisely and reversibly label endogenous proteins using CRISPR/Cas9-based editing. CRISPIE inserts a designer donor module, which consists of an exon encoding the protein sequence flanked by intron sequences, into an intronic location in the target gene. INDELs at the insertion junction will be spliced out, leaving mRNAs nearly error-free. We used CRISPIE to fluorescently label endogenous proteins in mammalian neurons in vivo with previously unachieved efficiency. We demonstrate that this method is broadly applicable, and that the insert can be readily removed later. CRISPIE permits protein sequence insertion with high fidelity, efficiency, and flexibility.
Status of Rural Women in Dairy Farming in Amritsar District of Punjab
Authors: Kaur Prabhjot , Kaur Lavleen , Astha .
Published: June 2021

The present study examines the status of rural women in dairy farming in Amritsar district of Punjab. The study was based on the primary data collected for 2019-20 year from female dairy farmers selected through multistage purposive sampling technique. The data was analysed by using simple tabular analysis and other statistical tools. All the activities related to dairy farming was performed by female dairy farmers. Small size female dairy farmers performed all the activities related to dairy farming ranging from disposal of cow dung to care of sick and new born animals. Large size female dairy farmers hired labour for dairy activities due to higher income of the households and large number of animals. The role of rural women in decision making is paradoxical to their contribution in dairy farming. For various dairy related decisions like feeding of milch animals, management of milch animals, sale of milk and utilization of amount obtained from dairy farming rural women either only consulted or had no role in decision making. Independent decision making by rural women in dairy related activities was negligible in the study area.

The major factors affecting the income of female dairy farmers was education, operated area and herd size. The main problems faced by female dairy farmers were negligible role of dairy farm women in decision making, non availability of adequate veterinary services, illiteracy of dairy farm women, lack of staff at government hospitals and lack of capital.  The study suggested that to increase the income of rural women from dairy rural women should be more educated and empowered through extension facilities by government. Due to stagnation in growth of agriculture, dairy can be used as an alternative for marginal and small farmers for increasing their income. Marginal and small female dairy farmers should be give more subsidies, loan and training for dairy business. Strict rules should be made regarding working of veterinary hospitals as the doctors were not available in the government veterinary hospitals in the study area.
Numeric Guess a Guessing Game for Mind Tests
Authors: Christa S. Dorin , Peiris M. S. Hiruni , Shouthiri P.
Published: June 2021

In the modern world, all technologies have reached, their level of perspective especially computer technology has reached the maximum level. Nowadays, the game application plays a major role in everyone's life. Day by day, Gaming applications and the gaming industries are becoming more and more fashionable. This article aims to create, design and develop a Computer Game named as Numeric Guess, a guessing game to test the mind, which should be entertaining, relaxing, interesting and very pleasant to play during leisure as well as during moments of relaxation. The Numeric Guess is a game for desktop computers. A guessing game is a game that, as an object, can find or discover some kind of information. Similarly, The Numeric Guess is a guessing game, which will randomly fix a number within a known range, and then the player that the person who played the game wants to guess the number in limited trials. In this game, the player can choose the default range, or the user selection range to play. The game application was implemented by Java programming language using eclipse in java with tools like JFrame and the windows application to build the interfaces. Photoshop used to change the background of the interfaces. The if-else instruction mainly used for programming and JOptionPane for the input string as well as the popup messages. This Numeric Guess game is the most exciting and competitive game for the adults as well as the children do. This article study assesses the use of java language to develop a simple and challenging game.
Simultaneous Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generation Units and Shunt Capacitors on Radial Distribution Systems Using Cuckoo Search Algorithm
Authors: Salimon Sunday Adeleke , Adepoju Gafari Abiola , Adebayo Isaiah Gbadegesin , Adewuyi Oluwadamilare Bode , Amuda Saheed Oluwasina
Published: June 2021

This paper presents a Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm-based methodology for simultaneous optimal placement and sizing of Shunt Capacitors (SCs) and Distributed Generations (DGs) together in radial distribution systems. The objectives of the work are to minimize the real power and reactive power losses while maximizing the voltage stability index of the distribution network subjected to equality and inequality constraints. Different operational test cases are considered namely installation of SCs only, DGs only, SCs before DGs, DGs before SCs, and SCs and DGs at one time. The proposed method has been demonstrated on standard IEEE 33-bus and a practical Ayepe 34-bus radial distribution test systems. The highest percentage power loss reduction of 94.4% and other substantial benefits are obtained when SCs and DGs are optimally installed simultaneously. Simulated results obtained from the proposed technique are compared with other well-known optimization algorithms and found to be more effective.
The ‘Pritchard Trap’: A novel quantitative survey method for crayfish
Authors: Pritchard Eleri G. , Chadwick Daniel D. A. , Patmore Ian R. , Chadwick Michael A. , Bradley Paul , Sayer Carl D. , Axmacher Jan C.
Published: June 2021

As crayfish invasions continue to threaten native freshwater biota, a detailed understanding of crayfish distribution and population structure becomes imperative. Nonetheless, most current survey methods provide inadequate demographic data. The quantitative ‘Triple Drawdown’ (TDD) dewatering method has highlighted the importance of such data, yet practical constraints prevent its large‐scale application.

Here, we introduce the ‘Pritchard Trap’, a novel passive sampling method that reliably generates quantitative crayfish population data while requiring substantially lower sampling effort than TDDs. This quadrat‐style sampler was extensively tested in headwater streams of North Yorkshire, England, along an invasion gradient for signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) from well‐established sites to mixed populations of signal crayfish and native white‐clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes).

The Pritchard Trap was trialled over several time intervals to determine the minimum required trap deployment time. TDDs at the same sites allowed for a robust evaluation of Pritchard Trap sampling accuracy in representing crayfish densities and population structure.

The Pritchard Trap successfully sampled both invasive and native crayfish (8–42 mm carapace length). A minimum passive deployment time of 4 days was required. At low crayfish densities (0.5 individuals m−2), increased trapping effort was necessary to achieve accurate population density and size class distribution estimates. The Pritchard Trap required substantially less sampling effort (working hours) and resources than the TDD, whilst also posing less risk to non‐target species.

The Pritchard Trap, for the first time, affords logistically simple, truly quantitative investigations of crayfish population demographics for headwater systems. It could be integrated into crayfish research and management, for example to explore density‐dependent ecological impacts of invasive crayfish and their management responses or to monitor populations and recruitment in native crayfish conservation initiatives.
Pathological lesions of the digestive tract in free‐ranging mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei)
Authors: Muhangi Denis , Gardiner Chris H. , Ojok Lonzy , Cranfield Michael R. , Gilardi Kirsten V. K. , Mudakikwa Antoine B. , Lowenstine Linda J.
Published: June 2021

The finding of parasites and bacterial pathogens in mountain gorilla feces and oral lesions in gorilla skeletal remains has not been linked to pathological evidence of morbidity or mortality. In the current study, we conducted a retrospective study of digestive tracts including oral cavity, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, intestines (gastrointestinal tract [GI]), liver, and pancreas of 60 free‐ranging mountain gorillas from Uganda, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo that died between 1985 and 2007. We reviewed clinical histories and gross pathology reports and examined histological sections. On histology, enteritis (58.6%), gastritis (37.3%), and colitis (29.3%) were the commonest lesions in the tracts. Enteritis and colitis were generally mild, and judged likely to have been subclinical. Gastritis was often chronic and proliferative or ulcerative, and associated with nematodiasis. A gastro‐duodenal malignancy (carcinoid) was present in one animal. A number of incidental lesions were identified throughout the tract and cestodes and nematodes were frequently observed grossly and/or histologically. Pigmentation of teeth and tongue were a common finding, but periodontitis and dental attrition were less common than reported from past studies of skeletal remains. Despite observing numerous GI lesions and parasites in this study of deceased free‐living mountain gorillas, we confirmed mortality attributable to gastroenteritis in just 8% (5/60) cases, which is less than that described in captive gorillas. Other deaths attributed to digestive tract lesions included cleft palate in an infant, periodontal disease causing systemic infection in an older adult and gastric cancer. Of all the parasitic infections observed, only hepatic capillariasis and gastric nematodiasis were significantly associated with lesions (hepatitis and gastritis, respectively). Understanding GI lesions in this endangered species is key in the management of morbidity associated with GI ailments.
NIDA sets 5 mg of THC as standard cannabis unit for research
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2021

According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), one of the barriers to research on cannabis is the lack of a standard unit. “Existing experimental data are often hard to interpret due to the wide variability in potency of cannabis plant material and extracts, the lack of standard measures of use, and the wide variety of ways people consume cannabis,” according to a May 10 blog post by NIDA Director Nora Volkow, M.D. To help rectify this, NIDA, along with the National Cancer Institute, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, and the National Institute of Mental Health, published a notice in the NIH Guide (https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice‐files/NOT‐DA‐21‐049.html) directing researchers funded by these institutes to measure and report their findings from clinical research on cannabis using a standard unit of delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) of 5 milligrams.
Horizontally and Vertically Concerted Steric Strategy in α‐Diimine Nickel Promoted Ethylene (Co)Polymerization†
Authors: Hu Xiaoqiang , Zhang Yixin , Li Baixiang , Jian Zhongbao
Published: June 2021

Main observation and conclusion

Steric bulk plays a significantly paramount role in late transition metal promoted olefin (co)polymerization in terms of polymer molecular weight and catalyst thermal stability. Numerous sterically encumbered nickel and palladium catalysts have been developed, but they are usually uni‐directional. In this contribution, from a bi‐directional side the distinctive horizontally and vertically concerted steric strategy was well‐developed and applied to α‐diimine nickel catalysts. In ethylene polymerization, the increase of vertically steric bulk (H, Ph, Biph) led to an enhanced polymer molecular weight, a slightly ascended branching density; likewise increasing horizontally steric bulk (Ph, Nap, Ant) further resulted in the increase of polymer molecular weight and branching density. As a result, in sharp contrast to Ni1(H) without steric bulk, Ni5(Ant) with horizontally and vertically concerted steric bulk was thermally stable, showed very high activities at a level of 107 g·mol–1·h–1, and produced polyethylenes with the highest molecular weight of 518.8 × 104 g·mol–1 and the broader range of branching density from 2.4/1000C to 27.8/1000C. In the copolymerization of ethylene with methyl 10‐undecenoate, Ni5(Ant) also provided the highest copolymer molecular weight but gave the lowest incorporation of co‐monomer. This work sheds light on the steric effect on olefin (co)polymerization.
Imputation and likelihood methods for matrix‐variate logistic regression with response misclassification
Authors: Fang Junhan , Yi Grace Y.
Published: June 2021

Matrix‐variate logistic regression is useful in facilitating the relationship between the binary response and matrix‐variates, which arise commonly from medical imaging research. However, such a model is impaired by the presence of response misclassification. It is imperative to account for the misclassification effects when employing matrix‐variate logistic regression to handle such data. In this article, we develop two inferential methods that account for the misclassification effects. The first method, called an imputation method, has roots in the score function derived from the misclassification‐free context, and replaces the involved response variable with an unbiased pseudo‐response variable, i.e., expressed in terms of the observed surrogate measurement. The second method is to directly derive the likelihood function for the observed response surrogate and then conduct estimation accordingly. Our development is carried out for two settings where misclassification rates are either known or estimated from validation data. The proposed methods are justified both theoretically and empirically. We analyze the Breast Cancer Wisconsin (Prognostic) data with the proposed methods.
Availability, affordability, and quality of essential anti‐seizure medication in Cambodia
Authors: Sengxeu Noudy , Aon Chanraksmey , Dufat Hanh , Boumediene Farid , Chan Samleng , Ros Sina , Preux Pierre‐Marie , Ratsimbazafy Voa , Jost Jeremy
Published: June 2021

Objective

Epilepsy is a major neurological disorder that requires long‐term medical treatment. Once epilepsy is diagnosed, people with epilepsy face many difficulties in accessing treatment (treatment gap). Our objective was to assess the situation regarding the availability, price, affordability, and quality of anti‐seizure medication (ASM), which are major determinants of access to treatment.

Method

A cross‐sectional study was performed in provincial/district hospitals and private pharmacies in urban and rural areas in Cambodia. Data on ASM availability and price were obtained through drug suppliers. Affordability was estimated as the number of day wages the lowest‐paid government employee must work to purchase a monthly treatment. Samples of ASM were collected, and the quality of ASM was assessed through Medicine Quality Assessment Reporting Guidelines.

Results

Out of 138 outlets visited, only 72 outlets (52.2% [95% CI 43.5‐60.7]) had at least one ASM available. Phenobarbital 100 mg was the most available (35.5%), followed by carbamazepine 200 mg (21.7%), phenobarbital 50 mg (11.6%), sodium valproate 500 mg (9.4%), and phenytoin 100 mg (9.4%). In provincial/district hospitals, ASM was provided free of charge. In private pharmacies, affordability for phenobarbital 50 mg and 100 mg was the best, with 0.6 and 0.5 days, respectively, compared to phenytoin 100 mg (1.8 days), and other ASM. No counterfeit ASM was found in this study. Phenytoin sample presented the worst quality (33.0%) compared to carbamazepine (27.8%), and other ASM.

Significance

A lack of access to affordable and effective ASM due to low availability and poor quality of ASM was identified. Our research highlights the need for future policy efforts to ensure the quality of ASM and improve their availability. This can be achieved by involving the calculation of their annual needs for these drugs and increasing the national production of ASM.
Prenatal ultrasound measurements of mild congenital pulmonary airway malformation and long‐term prognosis: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: An Ping , Xiao Xirong , Zhao Ying , Zhou Jizi , Li Xiaotian , Xiong Yu
Published: June 2021

Objective

To investigate the relationship between mild congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) and its long‐term prognosis in childhood and to explore whether surgery is necessary.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort of fetuses with mild CPAM diagnosed prenatally with available long‐term outcomes in childhood from 2004 to 2016. The patients were divided into two groups according to the fetal CPAM‐to‐volume ratio (CVR) of less than 1.0 and 1.0–1.6. The primary outcome was a postnatal composite outcome including CPAM‐associated respiratory symptoms and surgical resection of the lesion. The secondary outcomes included neonatal asphyxia, perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Results

Forty‐two fetuses were identified as having CVR <1.0 or CVR‐1.0–1.6 respectively (n = 37 vs n = 5; 88.1% vs 11.9%), with the median duration of follow up 2.15 years (0.3–10.8 years). Of 42 patients, 32 (76%) remained asymptomatic without recurrent respiratory symptoms or surgical resection; the other 10 with CVR <1.0 had respiratory symptoms. Of 10 symptomatic cases, five recovered after expectant treatment, and five underwent resection, for an increase in lesion size and recurrent respiratory infection.

Conclusion

Patients with CVR <1.0 still need to be closely observed after birth. Conservative management is a reasonable option in asymptomatic cases, but surgery might be necessary in some.
Demonstrating the vital role of physiatry throughout the health care continuum: Lessons learned from the impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on skilled nursing facilities
Authors: Gruss Jason , Smith Charlotte H.
Published: June 2021

COVID White Paper Series
Understanding context: A qualitative analysis of the roles of family caregivers of people living with cancer in Vietnam and the implications for service development in low‐income settings
Authors: Ho Hien Thi , Jenkins Chris , Nghiem Hoa Le Phuong , Hoang Minh Van , Santin Olinda
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Research on the needs of family caregivers of people living with cancer remains disproportionately focused in high income contexts. This research gap adds to the critical challenge on global equitable delivery of cancer care. This study describes the roles of family caregivers of people living with cancer in Vietnam and possible implications for intervention development.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews and focus groups with family caregivers (n = 20) and health care providers (n = 22) were conducted in two national oncology hospitals. Findings were verified via workshops with carers (n = 11) and health care professionals (n = 28) in five oncology hospitals representing different regions of Vietnam. Data was analyzed collaboratively by an international team of researchers according to thematic analysis.

Results

Family caregivers in Vietnam provide an integral role in the delivery of inpatient cancer care. In the hospital environment families are responsible for multiple roles including feeding, hydration, changing, washing, moving, wound care and security of personal belongings. Central to this role is primary decision making in terms of treatment and end‐of‐life care; relaying information, providing nutritional, emotional and financial support. Families are forced to manage severe complications and health care needs with minimal health literacy and limited health care professional input.

Conclusions

Understanding context and the unique roles of family caregivers of people living with cancer is critical in the development of supportive services. As psycho‐oncology develops in low and middle income contexts, it is essential that family caregiver roles are of significant importance.
Transport equations with nonlocal diffusion and applications to Hamilton–Jacobi equations
Authors: Goffi Alessandro
Published: June 2021

We investigate regularity and a priori estimates for Fokker–Planck and Hamilton–Jacobi equations with unbounded ingredients driven by the fractional Laplacian of order$$s\in (1/2,1)$$s∈(1/2,1). As for Fokker–Planck equations, we establish integrability estimates under a fractional version of the Aronson–Serrin interpolated condition on the velocity field and Bessel regularity when the drift has low Lebesgue integrability with respect to the solution itself. Using these estimates, through the Evans’ nonlinear adjoint method we prove new integral, sup-norm and Hölder estimates for weak and strong solutions to fractional Hamilton–Jacobi equations with unbounded right-hand side and polynomial growth in the gradient. Finally, by means of these latter results, exploiting Calderón–Zygmund-type regularity for linear nonlocal PDEs and fractional Gagliardo–Nirenberg inequalities, we deduce optimal$$L^q$$Lq-regularity for fractional Hamilton–Jacobi equations.
Mundgesundheit bei Menschen mit Behinderung in Deutschland – eine Literaturübersicht
Authors: Schulte Andreas G. , Schmidt Peter
Published: June 2021

Zur Frage der Mundgesundheit bei Menschen mit Behinderung in Deutschland wurde die letzte Übersichtsarbeit im Jahr 2012 veröffentlicht. Dafür konnten lediglich 3 Feldstudien zur Kariesprävalenz bei Kindern, Jugendlichen oder Erwachsenen mit Behinderung identifiziert werden, die zwischen den Jahren 2000 und 2012 publiziert worden waren. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit ist es, einen Überblick zum aktuellen Stand der Daten zur Mundgesundheit bei Menschen mit Behinderung in Deutschland zu geben und auf die Konsequenzen aufmerksam zu machen, die sich daraus ergeben. Es wurden sämtliche Publikationen und Abstracts eingeschlossen, die zwischen dem 01.01.2000 und dem 31.01.2021 publiziert bzw. zur Publikation angenommen worden waren.

In Deutschland wurden im eingeschlossenen Zeitraum 6 regionale Studien und 1 überregionale Studie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Behinderung sowie 3 regionale Studien und 1 überregionale Studie bei Erwachsenen mit Behinderung in 4 Bundesländern durchgeführt. Darin wurde die Karieserfahrung mithilfe des dmft- bzw. DMFT-Index bestimmt. Es zeigte sich, dass Kinder mit Behinderung im Grundschulalter im Mittel eine deutlich höhere Karieserfahrung hatten als Kinder ohne Behinderung. Im Jugendalter trifft dies nur für Personen mit geistiger Behinderung zu. Bei Erwachsenen mit geistiger Behinderung wirkte sich die höhere Karieserfahrung so aus, dass insgesamt mehr Zähne extrahiert wurden als in der Allgemeinbevölkerung.

Daraus wird die Schlussfolgerung gezogen, dass die zahnärztliche und präventive Betreuung von Personen mit Behinderung weiter intensiviert werden muss. Dies kann u. a. durch die Berücksichtigung der zahnmedizinischen Versorgung von Menschen mit Behinderung in der Approbationsordnung Zahnmedizin und in den Curricula für das Fach Zahnmedizin an den einzelnen Universitätsstandorten erreicht werden.
Increased TIM-3+PD-1+ NK cells are associated with the disease activity and severity of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Luo Qing , Kong Yunyuan , Fu Biqi , Li Xue , Huang Qingshui , Huang Zikun , Li Junming
Published: June 2021

It is well established that natural killer (NK) cells are dysregulated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. However, the functions of NK cells and the mechanisms regulated by them in SLE remain incompletely understood. Patients with SLE were recruited from The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, and their clinical characteristics and treatments were recorded. The expression levels of T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) on NK cells were examined using flow cytometry. The correlations between the increase in TIM-3+PD-1+ NK cells in the SLE patients and clinical traits, including inflammatory markers, auto-antibodies, disease activity and severity of SLE, were examined. The TIM-3+NK cells, PD-1+NK cells and TIM-3+PD-1+ NK cells were significantly increased in the SLE patients. The increase in TIM-3+PD-1+ NK cells in the patients with SLE was associated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, anti-double stranded DNA, anti-ribosomal P, SLE disease activity index and clinical features. The frequency of TIM-3+PD-1+NK cells in SLE patients with a cardiovascular disease (CVD) was significantly lower than that in SLE patients without a CVD. Moreover, the increased TIM-3+PD-1+ NK cells were significantly decreased in SLE patients following treatment. The present study suggested that the increased TIM-3+PD-1+ NK cells were associated with the disease activity and severity of SLE and may play a role in SLE pathogenesis.
Correction to: Notch regulates vascular collagen IV basement membrane through modulation of lysyl hydroxylase 3 trafficking
Authors: Gross Stephen J. , Webb Amelia M. , Peterlin Alek D. , Durrant Jessica R. , Judson Rachel J. , Raza Qanber , Kitajewski Jan K. , Kushner Erich J.
Published: June 2021

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10456-021-09801-w
A new concept of reliability system and applications in finance
Authors: Cerqueti Roy
Published: June 2021

This paper proposes and explores an extension of the usual k-out-of-n systems, where the components of the system are assumed to play different roles in determining its failure and with not necessarily i.i.d. components lifetimes. The theoretical reliability framework is compared with the standard weighted k-out-of-n systems, and it is actually adopted for the development of a financial derivative model whose outcome depends on the crossing of some predefined barriers of a set of assets. More precisely, such a derivative is presented as a coherent system whose components are the assets of the basket.
Correction to: Drivers and Inhibitors of Internet Privacy Concern: A Multidimensional Development Theory Perspective
Authors: Hong Weiyin , Chan Frank K. Y. , Thong James Y. L.
Published: June 2021

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04854-9
Effective instructional strategies and technology use in blended learning: A case study
Authors: Zhu Meina , Berri Sarah , Zhang Ke
Published: June 2021

This case study explored effective instructional strategies and technology use in blended learning (BL) in a graduate course in the USA. Varied forms of data were collected, including (1) semi-structured interviews with students, (2) mid-term and final course evaluations, (3) two rounds of online debates, (4) four weeks of online reflection journals, and (5) the instructor’s reflections. Thematical analysis and descriptive statistics were conducted to analyze qualitative and quantitative data respectively. Multiple methods were employed to establish trustworthiness of the study. Effective and ineffective instructional strategies and technology uses were identified in BL. The findings indicated that students valued real-time interactions with peers and the instructor. However, inappropriate asynchronous discussions were considered less effective in BL. In addition, immediate feedback from peers and the instructor motivated learners and improved the quality of their work. Learning technologies played a critical role in BL, but the use of learning technologies should be simplified and streamlined. Technical support was essential to reduce learners’ cognitive load.
Venus: key to understanding the evolution of terrestrial planets
Authors: Wilson Colin F. , Widemann Thomas , Ghail Richard
Published: June 2021

In this paper, originally submitted in answer to ESA’s “Voyage 2050” call to shape the agency’s space science missions in the 2035–2050 timeframe, we emphasize the importance of a Venus exploration programme for the wider goal of understanding the diversity and evolution of habitable planets. Comparing the interior, surface, and atmosphere evolution of Earth, Mars, and Venus is essential to understanding what processes determined habitability of our own planet and Earth-like planets everywhere. This is particularly true in an era where we expect thousands, and then millions, of terrestrial exoplanets to be discovered. Earth and Mars have already dedicated exploration programmes, but our understanding of Venus, particularly of its geology and its history, lags behind. Multiple exploration vehicles will be needed to characterize Venus’ richly varied interior, surface, atmosphere and magnetosphere environments. Between now and 2050 we recommend that ESA launch at least two M-class missions to Venus (in order of priority): a geophysics-focussed orbiter (the currently proposed M5 EnVision orbiter – [1] – or equivalent); and an in situ atmospheric mission (such as the M3 EVE balloon mission – [2]). An in situ and orbital mission could be combined in a single L-class mission, as was argued in responses to the call for L2/L3 themes [3–5]. After these two missions, further priorities include a surface lander demonstrating the high-temperature technologies needed for extended surface missions; and/or a further orbiter with follow-up high-resolution surface radar imaging, and atmospheric and/or ionospheric investigations.
Optimal data collection design in machine learning: the case of the fixed effects generalized least squares panel data model
Authors: Gnecco Giorgio , Nutarelli Federico , Selvi Daniela
Published: June 2021

This work belongs to the strand of literature that combines machine learning, optimization, and econometrics. The aim is to optimize the data collection process in a specific statistical model, commonly used in econometrics, employing an optimization criterion inspired by machine learning, namely, the generalization error conditioned on the training input data. More specifically, the paper is focused on the analysis of the conditional generalization error of the Fixed Effects Generalized Least Squares (FEGLS) panel data model, i.e., a linear regression model with applications in several fields, able to represent unobserved heterogeneity in the data associated with different units, for which distinct observations related to the same unit are corrupted by correlated measurement errors. The framework considered in this work differs from the classical FEGLS model for the additional possibility of controlling the conditional variance of the output variable given the associated unit and input variables, by changing the cost per supervision of each training example. Assuming an upper bound on the total supervision cost, i.e., the cost associated with the whole training set, the trade-off between the training set size and the precision of supervision (i.e., the reciprocal of the conditional variance of the output variable) is analyzed and optimized. This is achieved by formulating and solving in closed form suitable optimization problems, based on large-sample approximations of the generalization error associated with the FEGLS estimates of the model parameters, conditioned on the training input data. The results of the analysis extend to the FEGLS case and to various large-sample approximations of its conditional generalization error the ones obtained by the authors in recent works for simpler linear regression models. They highlight the importance of how the precision of supervision scales with respect to the cost per training example in determining the optimal trade-off between training set size and precision. Numerical results confirm the validity of the theoretical findings.
Screening off generalized: Reichenbach’s legacy
Authors: Atkinson David , Peijnenburg Jeanne
Published: June 2021

Eells and Sober proved in 1983 that screening off is a sufficient condition for the transitivity of probabilistic causality, and in 2003 Shogenji noted that the same goes for probabilistic support. We start this paper by conjecturing that Hans Reichenbach may have been aware of this fact. Then we consider the work of Suppes and Roche, who demonstrated in 1986 and 2012 respectively that screening off can be generalized, while still being sufficient for transitivity. We point out an interesting difference between Reichenbach’s screening off and the generalized version, which we illustrate with an example about haemophilia among the descendants of Queen Victoria. Finally, we embark on a further generalization: we develop a still weaker condition, one that can be made as weak as one wishes.
Life-LCA: the first case study of the life cycle impacts of a human being
Authors: Bossek David , Goermer Marcel , Bach Vanessa , Lehmann Annekatrin , Finkbeiner Matthias
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Besides politics and the private sector, changes in the consumption pattern of individuals can significantly contribute to sustainable development. The recently published Life-LCA method adapts life cycle assessment to analyse human beings and quantifies their impacts. This method is applied for the first time in this case study to provide insights and remaining challenges.

Methods

The environmental impacts caused by the life cycle of a middle-aged German man (“Dirk”) were determined by the Life-LCA method from his birth until his current age (0–49 years). To determine and quantify reduction options, a current 1-year period was analysed in detail by a baseline scenario of his current consumption and an optimized scenario after changing his consumption patterns. The environmental impact assessment included global warming (GWP), acidification (AP), eutrophication (EP), and photochemical ozone creation potentials (POCP).

Results and discussion

Dirk has emitted 1,140 t CO2-eq., 4.48 t SO2-eq., 1.69 t PO4-eq., and 0.537 t C2H4-eq. emissions over his current lifetime. Transportation dominated all considered impact categories (40 up to 55%). Energy and water consumption is the second most significant product category for GWP (39%). Food products, with 10%, are the third biggest contributor to GWP, but contribute rather significantly to the impact categories AP (34%), EP (42%), and POCP (20%). The optimized scenario analysis revealed significant reductions for all studied impacts in the range of 60–65%. CO2-eq. emissions were reduced from 28 to 10 t/a. The remaining challenges include data collection for childhood, gaps and inconsistencies of existing data for consumer goods, the allocation between product users, and depreciation of long-living products.

Conclusion

The first Life-LCA case study confirmed the applicability of the Life-LCA method. It showed that the Life-LCA approach allows for tracking individual consumption patterns of a human being. The impacts of behavioural changes were quantified, and significant reduction potentials of the environmental impacts were revealed. Additional case studies on people of different age, region, culture, and lifestyle are needed for further insights and methodological refinements.
Computational Resources for Bioscience Education
Authors: Kar Rajiv K.
Published: June 2021

With the ongoing laboratory restrictions, it is often challenging for bioscience students to make satisfactory progress in their projects. A long-standing practice in multi-disciplinary research is to use computational and theoretical method to corroborate with experiment findings. In line with the lack of opportunity to access laboratory instruments, the pandemic situation is a win-win scenario for scholars to focus on computational methods. This communication outline some of the standalone tools and webservers that bioscience students can successfully learn and adopt to obtain in-depth insights into biochemistry, biophysics, biotechnology, and bioengineering research work.
Reviewing Challenges of Predicting Protein Melting Temperature Change Upon Mutation Through the Full Analysis of a Highly Detailed Dataset with High-Resolution Structures
Authors: Louis Benjamin B. V. , Abriata Luciano A.
Published: June 2021

Predicting the effects of mutations on protein stability is a key problem in fundamental and applied biology, still unsolved even for the relatively simple case of small, soluble, globular, monomeric, two-state-folder proteins. Many articles discuss the limitations of prediction methods and of the datasets used to train them, which result in low reliability for actual applications despite globally capturing trends. Here, we review these and other issues by analyzing one of the most detailed, carefully curated datasets of melting temperature change (ΔTm) upon mutation for proteins with high-resolution structures. After examining the composition of this dataset to discuss imbalances and biases, we inspect several of its entries assisted by an online app for data navigation and structure display and aided by a neural network that predicts ΔTm with accuracy close to that of programs available to this end. We pose that the ΔTm predictions of our network, and also likely those of other programs, account only for a baseline-like general effect of each type of amino acid substitution which then requires substantial corrections to reproduce the actual stability changes. The corrections are very different for each specific case and arise from fine structural details which are not well represented in the dataset and which, despite appearing reasonable upon visual inspection of the structures, are hard to encode and parametrize. Based on these observations, additional analyses, and a review of recent literature, we propose recommendations for developers of stability prediction methods and for efforts aimed at improving the datasets used for training. We leave our interactive interface for analysis available online athttp://lucianoabriata.altervista.org/papersdata/proteinstability2021/s1626navigation.htmlso that users can further explore the dataset and baseline predictions, possibly serving as a tool useful in the context of structural biology and protein biotechnology research and as material for education in protein biophysics.
P2Y12 blocker monotherapy after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Verheugt F. W. A. , Damman P. , Damen S. A. J. , Wykrzykowska J. J. , Woelders E. C. I. , van Geuns R. -J. M.
Published: June 2021

For secondary prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD) antiplatelet therapy is essential. For patients undergoing a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) temporary dual antiplatelet platelet therapy (DAPT: aspirin combined with a P2Y12 blocker) is mandatory, but leads to more bleeding than single antiplatelet therapy with aspirin. Therefore, to reduce bleeding after a PCI the duration of DAPT is usually kept as short as clinically acceptable; thereafter aspirin monotherapy is administered. Another option to reduce bleeding is to discontinue aspirin at the time of DAPT cessation and thereafter to administer P2Y12 blocker monotherapy. To date, five randomised trials have been published comparing DAPT with P2Y12 blocker monotherapy in 32,181 stented patients. Also two meta-analyses addressing this novel therapy have been presented. P2Y12 blocker monotherapy showed a 50–60% reduction in major bleeding when compared to DAPT without a significant increase in ischaemic outcomes, including stent thrombosis. This survey reviews the findings in the current literature concerning P2Y12 blocker monotherapy after PCI.
A domain decomposition method for the Navier–Stokes equations with stochastic input
Authors: Lu Junxiang , Su Jin
Published: June 2021

The paper is committed to studying the domain decomposition method for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations(NSEs) with stochastic input. The stochastic input is represented spectrally by employing orthogonal polynomial functionals from the Askey scheme as trial basis to represent the random space, and the stochastic NSEs system are transformed into deterministic ones via the polynomial chaos expansion. The corresponding deterministic equations are transformed into the constrained optimization problem by minimizing the cost function on the common interface after the whole domain decomposed into two sub-domains. The constrained optimization problems are transformed into unconstrained problems by the Lagrange multiplier rule. A gradient method-based approach to the solutions of domain decomposition problem is proposed to solve the unconstrained optimality system. Finally, one numerical simulation experiment for square cavity flow problem with the stochastic boundary conditions are performed to demonstrate the feasibility and applicability of the gradient method.
Effect of the COVID-19 on Perceptions of Health, Anticipated Need for Health Services, and Cost of Health Care
Authors: Rekhter Natalia , Ermasova Natalia
Published: June 2021

Objective:

This article investigates how perceived vulnerability to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at its early stages is associated with people’s perception of their health, the need for health-care services, and expenses related to addressing the COVID-19 impact on their health.

Methods:

The results are based on the analysis of surveys that were distributed among members of 26 random Facebook groups in April-May, 2020. Perceived COVID-19 pandemic related stress and health concerns were examined by using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.

Results:

Among 315 respondents, 64% have experienced COVID-19 related stress and identified anxiety, headache, insomnia, and weight gain as their primary health concerns. The ANOVA test revealed that females are more impacted by the COVID-19 stress than males. Around 40% of respondents believed that the COVID-19 would lead to an increase in the cost of health services, and 20% of respondents anticipated that the COVID-19 pandemic would increase their need for health services.

Conclusions:

Learning about how people perceive the COVID-19 pandemic impact on their health, particularly in the pandemic’s early stages can allow health professionals to develop targeted interventions that can influence pandemic preventative behaviors among different population groups. This study can help understand use patterns and mitigate financial barriers that could interfere with patients’ care-seeking behavior.