Area-Based Participatory Action Learning of Social Studies Pre-service Teachers to Develop Indigenous History Learning Resources for Diversity Students in Northern Thailand
Authors: Mangkhang Charin 
Published: March 2022

The research aimed to 1) study the needs in developing indigenous history for diversity students in Northern Thailand, 2) develop indigenous history learning resources for diversity students in Northern Thailand through area-based participatory action learning of social studies pre-service teachers, and 3) distill learned lessons obtained from developing indigenous history learning resources through area-based participatory action learning of social studies pre-service teachers for diversity students in Northern Thailand. The methodology of the research was based on Participatory Action Research (PAR). The sample in the research consisted of 1) community leaders, monks, school administrators, folk philosophers, and youth representatives accounting for 22 people; 2) 10 social studies pre-service teachers; 3) 8 indigenous mural painters, making a total of 40 people. The instruments used in the research were 1) unstructured interview forms, 2) forms of synthesizing knowledge to moral creativity, 3) validity assessment forms of indigenous history data, and 4) focus group discussion recording forms. Qualitative data was analyzed based on content analysis and the presentation was in the form of descriptive analysis. Study results revealed that:

1) From the area-based action on the legend of Viang Malika and Phra Nang Malika from history in the educational sandbox of Chiang Mai province, it was found that the community has demand in terms of developing learning resources telling its indigenous history through the temple which is the common area in the community. The demand is to present indigenous history which is part of the historical development of the Lanna Kingdom in terms of business, politics, administration, education, religions, and the environment including women&#39;s roles as governesses or kings. This shows feminist concepts appearing on the page of indigenous history and reflects equality in stepping over physical limitations of the body (disability). The frame limiting gender is destroyed through the history of leaders and kings in indigenous history has influenced the development of the history of the historical development of the Thai local society up to the present time. 2) Developing indigenous history learning resources through area-based participatory action learning of social studies pre-service teachers for diverse students in Northern Thailand has brought about indigenous history learning resources integrating cooperation between universities, communities, temples, and schools. Indigenous history learning resources have been brought about, which helps promote quality learning management. And 3) From distilling learned lessons obtained from developing indigenous history learning resources through area-based participatory action learning of social studies pre-service teachers for diversity students in Northern Thailand, the important social studies competency of social studies pre-service teachers for 4 aspects were found. This is called the competency of area-based social studies learning or so-called &quot;VCAP&quot; consisting of 1) Value Domain, 2) Cognitive Domain 3) Affective Domain and 4) Psychomotor Domain, which helps promote occupational competency of pre-service teachers to be more efficient.