bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE PURPOSES AND METHODS OF ENERGY SYSTEM MODELING
Authors: Helena Božić
Published: January 2023

This article describes the purpose of energy system modeling and the classification of planning models according to approaches and methodologies. The advent of modern computers and computer programs has simplified the use of planning models. Such models employ powerful mathematical algorithms and databases which can solve highly complex problems in a relatively short time. This has led to energy-ecology-economy (E3) models, which are simultaneously able to consider questions in connection with energy supply, ecology and economics. The characteristics of a MARKAL model are presented separately through an example of integration with other planning models. It is demonstrated that the application of an optimizing MARKAL model for the planning of the energy supply system of the Republic of Croatia is of great significance for the analysis of the energy market of South Eastern Europe, the use of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency and emission trading.
ECONOMIES OF SCOPE IN THE INDIAN BANKING SECTOR: AN EXAMINATION OF INCOME STRUCTURE
Authors: Fulwari Archana
Published: January 2023

The Indian Banking Sector has exhibited great dynamism in its operations and functions since the introduction of banking reforms in the early 1990s. While the banking reforms have been comprehensive, encompassing several aspects of concern, of particular significance is the entry to private banks, both domestic and foreign, post easing of entry norms that has instilled competition into the system. The entry of new private sector banks and foreign banks in India have led to structural changes in the Indian Banking Sector in terms of ownership pattern, deposit structure, advances and asset-based structure, and so on. On all these dimensions, the degree of privatization of the banking sector in India is rising, even as public sector banks continue to dominate. An important implication of these developments is the increasing thrust of banks on expanding the scope of their operations in order to maintain and increase their profitability, leading to change in the income structure, among other things. Increased use of technology has further enabled delivery of a wider range of financial products and services under the same roof.
The present paper seeks to gauge the changes in the bank group-wise income structure in India. The study also compares economies of scope for the three bank groups; viz., public sector banks, private sector banks and foreign banks. The study finds substantial change in the income structure of the three bank groups over two and a half decades post banking reforms. The findings establish the greater scope efficiency of public sector banks in India.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
Authors: Juma Hamis
Published: January 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies are making the ICT devices solve cognitive tasks as a human would have done by using real-time data. Such a giant leap in digital technologies has changed the way people learn. In the study, understanding and knowledge of Artificial Intelligence in education were explored to a class of learners in higher education institution. The study employed a survey questionnaire in data collection to gather data of the students, which was analysed used descriptive statistics. The data collected and analysed as part of an action study process to allow deployment of AI toll for learning in the classroom. The findings show that students have access to smart devices capable of AI technology integration, however, they are not using them for learning purposes. Further, learners had little knowledge on Artificial Intelligence though they are aware of the existence of artificial intelligence technologies. In addition, the findings reveal that students assert the importance of having Artificial Intelligence in education and ready to use it in learning and teaching process, however, they have little or no trust in Artificial intelligence being used assess their academic performance.
PEDAGOGICAL LEARNING RESOURCES USED BY SCIENCE TEACHERS DURING COVID 19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Singhal Mamta
Published: January 2023

Science teaching is strongly associated with hands on and laboratory activities. The various policies and curricular frameworks have emphasized this need at all stages of education. In India, science eduaction is already plagued with multiple challenges especially when it comes to practical activities. These challenges include lack of laboratories, equipment and trained teachers. The sudden closure of schools due to the covid 19 pandemic forced schools to shift to online eduaction both in synchronous and asynchronous modes. It started in April 2020 and now a full academic year has passed in that manner. The teachers have struggled and learnt from those struggles and are hopefully better prepared to work in this scenario in future.
This paper discusses the science teachers experiences of using various learning resources in the online mode. The data was collected through survey proformas and in-depth interviews conducted with 30 middle school science teachers from 10 different schools in Delhi. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data collected revealed significant information about the various learning resources used by the teacher in online classes and the challenges faced by teachers. The research has implications for improving the science teaching in online mode.
SMALL FINANCE BANKS IN INDIA: A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THEIR PROGRESS
Authors: Patel Charmi , Fulwari Archana
Published: January 2023

Financial inclusion has been the focus of the policies of the Reserve Bank cof India since 2005-06. Along with various initiatives of the Government of India, the RBI approved the setting up of Small Finance Banks (SFB) in the year 2015. SFBs are niche banks set up to undertake basic banking activities for the unserved and underserved sections of the population. This paper traces the progress of SFBs in India in terms of the number of branches, regional spread and volume of business. It was found that since their establishment, over the period of five years, there has been considerable expansion of SFB branches with a wider regional spread and substantial increase in their volume of business. Towards the end of the study period it was also found that more SFB branches were set up in semi-urban and rural areas. The preliminary examination of SFBs suggests that they are progressing in the right direction as envisaged in the objectives behind setting them up.
DEVOURED IDENTITIES: THE POLITICS OF FOOD AND GENDER IN ANITA DESAI’S FASTING AND FEASTING
Authors: Raviya Hitesh D , Sharma Rohini
Published: January 2023

The research paper is an attempt to examine the subjugation of identity and hence the perturbed experience of the protagonist and various other characters due to power politics in Anita Desai’s Fasting and Feasting. In the novel, the character’s involvement with food becomes a means of expression of their emotional state of mind. Thus, by studying the food behavioral patterns of a character we can infer the deeply embedded associations and internal anguish that the character has gone through. The novel explores the dichotomic theme of hunger and plenty which is reflected in characters like Uma, Arun and, Melanie. The researcher has identified and analyzed the food behavioral patterns of these characters to anatomize the politics of food and gender. From Uma’s imposed fasting to Arun’s obtrude feasting, the novel is a testimony of how consumption patterns mirror the socio-cultural struggles of an individual. The author in the novel indicates how food consumption is gendered and logicized culturally. In the research paper, food and food consumption will act as a lens to the character's social, cultural, and psychological needs.
HOUSEHOLD SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN TAMIL NADU: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Premkumar A. , Susairaj A. Xavier
Published: January 2023

Population and industrial growth are the two major factors resulting in environmental degradation. Management of solid waste is an essential service delivered by the municipalities to the society. A total of 68.8 million tons of solid waste is generated per year in India additionally; an average individual produces 0.8 kg of solid waste every day. With this background, an attempt to scrutinize the management of solid waste and willingness of the people to pay for the enhanced services provided by the municipalities has been made in Jolarpettai municipality of Tamil Nadu. The study has used primary data as a major source that were collected from 100 households on the basis of random sampling techniques whereas secondary data were collected from various reports of central and state pollution control board. Estimation of household’s willingness to pay was calculated by Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). It was found that, out of 100 households, 59 households are willing to play for improved services by the municipalities. Also, the household income, employment and ownership status of the house are some of the factors influencing the households’ willingness to pay. To an extent, this study suggests some policy implications for effective waste management.
CORPORATE- NGO PARTNERSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE CSR
Authors: Sharma Himani
Published: January 2023

The purpose of bringing CSR into light is to increase the awareness among corporates regarding their responsibilities towards the society and the environment in which they operate and carry out their business to earn profit. ‘How businesses are giving back to the society?’ is a burning question in the minds of ever-aware and enlightened consumers, who are willing to extend their support towards the companies which regard ‘giving-back-to-the-society’ as a part of their existence. It is often questioned whether indulging into CSR deviates companies from their primary businesses and goals? As it demands equal commitment of the businesses’ resources. NGOs can play an important role here, as the sole aim of their existence is to serve the society, hence they are in a better position to address and carry out the CSR activities and programmes, hence a possible collaboration between the two can serve as an effective remedy, as corporates have financial and technical resources, whereas NGOs own the resource of time and expertise, which allows them to work for the great goal of serving society and the environment. The research paper aims to find a possible answer to this question by presenting the case study of Bata (Bangladesh) and NGO CARE and inferred learning from the successful Corporate- NGO partnership for Sustainable CSR.
THE POETIC FORM OF THE BHAGAVADGĪTĀ AND THE METAPHOR OF AGENCY
Authors: Prabhakar Monica
Published: January 2023

The discourse of literature is older than the discursive discourse of philosophy but literature dynamically contains rigorous philosophy and ethics. Indian philosophy has its origins in the Vedas and the Upanishads which are in verse. Philosophy is a structured activity involving arguments, analysis and construction of hypotheses and theories. The types of discursive discourse available in ancient times were not as suited for philosophy as the highly structured discourse of verse was. The Bhagavadgītā is a religious text, recited by millions of people every day, it is in verse which can be easily memorized by anyone and thereby the text and its meaning are internalized. The Bhagavadgītā is also a tract on practical and theoretical ethics. Three concurrent narratives are at play: First, it is a literal narrative of Arjuna beginning in a state of moral anguish, which is resolved when he acquires complete understanding of why joining the battle is the dutiful action. As such it is a psychological, existential journey for Arjuna. Second, it is a narrative of the journey of Indian philosophy from Vedantic to Samkhya to Yoga. Third, it is a narrative of what remains constant in the evolution of Indian philosophy, namely, the doctrines of moksha, karma and reincarnation. The verse form of the Bhagavadgītā is best suited to present the intricately woven three narratives. No discursive discourse could accomplish the same task. The greatest virtue of verse in the Bhagavadgītā is that it engages the reader in the reading and reciting of the Gita in a personal way that could not be done in a discursive discourse. Any ethical theory is a theory of action. It is about what a person ought to do in a given situation. If the Bhagavadgītā had been written in prose it would be a third person narrative of Arjuna’s dilemma, enlightenment and resolution. But because it is in verse, the reader or reciter, I, become Arjuna and the Gita becomes a narrative of my journey from a morally anguish situated-ness to a state of a righteous decision and the performance of dutiful action.
लिंगपुराण में शिवात्मक सांख्यतत्त्व निरूपण
Authors: ठाकर पंकज के.
Published: January 2023

अष्टादश पुराणों के माध्यम से ऋषियों ने सामान्य मानव को शास्त्रज्ञान तक पहुँचाने का राजमार्ग प्रशस्त कर दिया है । महर्षि वेदव्यास की सूक्ष्मेक्षिका के परिपाकरूप प्रत्येक पुराण में कतिचित शास्त्र एवं दर्शनों का निरूपण अवश्य होता है जिससे मानव मात्र को पार्थिव व प्रकृतिसम्बद्ध न्यूनतम अपेक्षित ज्ञान प्राप्त हो सके । ऐसा ही एक दर्शन अर्थात् सांख्यदर्शन जिसमें प्रकृति का उत्पत्ति विज्ञान और मानवीय जीवन पद्धति के विभिन्न परिमाणों का परिसंख्यान किया गया है ।
पुराणत्व निर्धारित करनेवाले पञ्चलक्षण हैं –
सर्गश्च प्रतिसर्गश्च वंशो मन्वन्तराणि च ।
वंशानुचरितं चैव पुराणं पञ्चलक्षणम् ॥
यहाँ सर्ग, प्रतिसर्ग ये दो प्रकृति के साम्य- वैषम्य से जुडे हैं । जो कि सांख्यदर्शन में निरूपित सर्जन प्रक्रिया एवं विसर्जन प्रक्रिया के सूचक हैं ।
यहाँ लिंगपुराण में सांख्यतत्त्वों एवं सृष्टिप्रक्रिया द्वारा पुराणों में शास्त्र की साहजिकता और विज्ञान कितने सरलतया आकलित किया जाता है यह निदर्शन अभिप्रेत है ।
સદીથી સંગ્રહાયેલ હસ્તકલાનો અમૂલ્ય વારસો: રતનબા
Authors: Shah Amisha
Published: January 2023

મહાત્મા ગાંધીના ગ્રામવિકાસ માટેના વિચારો આજના પરિપેક્ષ્યમાં પણ ખૂબ જ પ્રસ્તુત છે. ગ્રામીણ વિકાસના ક્ષેત્રમાં હસ્તકલા અને ગ્રામોદ્યોગોનું આગવું સ્થાન રહ્યું છે; પરંતુ બદલાતા સમય અને સંજોગોને કારણે આ ક્ષેત્ર અનેક દ્રશ્ય – અદ્રશ્ય પડકારોનો સામનો કરી રહ્યું છે. આ લેખમાં એક એવા વિશિષ્ટ વ્યકિત્વ તરફ અંગુલીનિર્દેશ કરવામાં આવ્યો છે જેઓએ હાથભરતની હસ્તકલાનો વારસો જાળવવા જીવનપર્યંત મથામણ કરી છે અને 100 વર્ષની ઉંમરે પણ ઉત્સાહ, ખંત અને ચિવટ પૂર્વક ભરતકામ કરવાનો જુસ્સો કાયમ રાખ્યો છે. પરંતુ આવા પ્રતિભાશાળી કલાકારોની હસ્તકળા આજે યોગ્ય પ્રોત્સાહન અને ઓળખાણના અભાવે લુપ્ત થઇ રહી છે- તે ખૂબ જ ચિંતા અને કરુણાનો વિષય છે. એક સદી વટાવી ચૂકેલા યુવાન હૃદયી ‘રતન-બા’ની ગાથા દરેક ભારતીય યુવા કલાકારને પ્રેરકબળ પૂરું પાડી શકે તે માટેનો પ્રયત્ન આ લેખમાં કરવામાં આવ્યો છે. જો યોગ્ય માર્ગદર્શન, સચોટ દિશાસૂચન અને સંકલિત પ્રયત્નો કરવામાં આવે તો આવા કલાકારો ગ્રામીણ વિકાસના ક્ષેત્રે નવા ચીલા ચાતરે તેવી સંભાવનાઓ છે.
Ovarian cancer – where are we today?
Authors:   Doctoral School, ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Balescu Irina , Bacalbasa Nicoale ,   Department of Surgery, ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Brezean Iulian ,   Department of Surgery, ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Surgery, ”Ion Cantacuzino” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Stoica Claudia ,   Department of Anatomy, ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Surgery, Ilfov County Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Tomescu Cezar Laurentiu ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Constanta County Hospital, Romania,   ”Ovidius” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Constanta, Romania, Martac Cristina ,   Department of Anesthesiology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania, Voichitoiu Andrei ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ”Alessandrescu-Rusescu” National Institute of Mother and Child Care, Bucharest, Romania, Gaspar Bogdan ,   Department of Surgery, ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Visceral Surgery, Floreasca Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
Published: January 2023

Despite progress reported in terms of paraclinical tests and imagistic studies, ovarian cancer represents one of the most lethal malignancies affecting women worldwide. Therefore attention was focused on identifying new prognostic markers in order to better identify candidates for primary cytoreductive surgery versus interval debulking surgery. Moreover, the wide introduction of the concept of personalized medicine gave the opportunity to benefit from more targeted treatments according to each patient needs and particularities. This is a literature review of the current status of ovarian cancer worldwide.
Deep learning and IoT for Monitoring Tomato Plant
Authors: Abdulla Marwa , Marhoon Ali
Published: January 2023

Agriculture is the primary food source for humans and livestock in the world and the primary source for the economy of many countries. The majority of the country’s population and the world depend on agriculture. Still, at present, farmers are facing difficulty in dealing with the requirements of agriculture. Due to many reasons, including different and extreme weather conditions, the abundance of water quality, etc. This paper applied the Internet of Things and deep learning system to establish a smart farming system to monitor the environmental conditions that affect tomato plants using a mobile phone. Through deep learning networks, trained the dataset taken from PlantVillage and collected from google images to classify tomato diseases, and obtained a test accuracy of 97%, which led to the publication of the model to the mobile application for classification for its high accuracy. Using the IoT, a monitoring system and automatic irrigation were built that were controlled through the mobile remote to monitor the environmental conditions surrounding the plant, such as air temperature and humidity, soil moisture, water quality, and carbon dioxide gas percentage. The designed system has proven its efficiency when tested in terms of disease classification, remote irrigation, and monitoring of the environmental conditions surrounding the plant. And giving alerts when the values of the sensors exceed the minimum or higher values causing damage to the plant. The farmer can take the appropriate action at the right time to prevent any damage to the plant and thus obtain a high-quality product.
Surgeon’s decision concerning limb amputation after frostbite as a basis of subsequent successful activity of general practitioner-family physician (own clinical observations and experience of education in state and English language)
Authors: Reizin D. V. , Reizin V. І. , Rudichenko V. M. , Sokolenko A. L. , Ulishchenko V. V. , Kushnerova М. О. , Torpan V. V.
Published: January 2023

The degree of frostbite depends on environment temperature, cold wind and the duration of exposition. Tissue freezing after the loss of warmth and appearing of ice crystals in superficial and deep tissues are in the basis of frostbite. Because of easy access and peripheral anatomic features frostbites preferably involve distant upper and lower parts of limbs, ears, nose and cheeks. There are wide spectrum of clinical manifestations of frostbites in the range of lesions, which disappear to lesions, which require amputations. Such classification of lesions clinical characteristics is a working classification basing on degree of injury. Even without tissue losses patients may suffer of long-term consequences after frostbites, which can include vasomotor disorders, neuropathic and nociceptive pain and arthritis after frostbites. Article describes own clinical observations of very severe (ending with amputation) frostbite case. We consider submitted description as an informative for discussion during practical classes in state and English languages. Making in time and saving amputation by the surgeon is a very important aspect for the long-term management of patient by primary care physician following rehabilitation program including all necessary vital prescriptions. Described approach to our patient was based on long-term development of manifestations with precise demarcation line and joining of purulent process after frostbite up to the time of his conscious appeal for medical help.
Loop diuretics in everyday practice: what a family doctor should pay attention to
Authors: Lazarev P. O.
Published: January 2023

The use of loop diuretics in everyday clinical practice requires a rational approach to drug selection, taking into account the recommendations given in modern guidelines.

With long-term use of loop diuretics, preference should be given to torasemide, as a safer drug with a possible additional positive effect on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases
Review of pharmacotherapeutic properties of crataegus sanquinea and its medicines
Authors: Sokol M. , Katynska M.
Published: January 2023

The species of redhaw hawthorn and its raw material, including fruits, as a plant raw material was characterized. Biological stocks of raw materials in Ukraine and alternative possibilities were summarized. It has been found that the majority of hawthorn species growing in Ukraine have very similar chemical compositions and therefore can be interchangeable.

The chemical composition was analysed, a full list of biologically active substances of hawthorn fruits was given and their influence on biological processes was characterized. The process of preparation, drying, and storage of medicinal raw materials is also described in detail.

The assortment of medicines in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine, which contains their composition of hawthorn fruits, was analysed.

It is established that the official list of drugs has 26 names, but in traditional medicine and unofficial sources, these drugs are far greater.

It has been revealed available both single- and multicomponent medicinal drugs are presented in different dosage forms.

The directions of application of hawthorn fruits for therapeutic purposes in various ailments are described, the ways of their use are given, and contraindications for use and peculiarities of preparation and use of various dosage forms are characterized in detail.
Chronic coronary syndromes. General directions of therapy
Authors: Bilovol O. M. , Knyazkova I. I.
Published: January 2023

The article describes in detail the modern management strategy of patients with chronic coronary syndrome (stable coronary heart disease), which should be aimed at restoring the balance between myocardial oxygen demand and its delivery, and should be addressed by an adequate amount of secondary prevention aimed at preventing the development acute coronary syndrome and adverse consequences. Recommendations on lifestyle for patients with chronic coronary syndrome, main directions and goals of therapy, recommendations on anti-ischemic drugs, antiplatelet and antiplatelet therapy for patients with chronic coronary syndrome are given. Indications for revascularization in patients with stable angina pectoris or painless myocardial ischemia are listed in detail.
Towards the use of biomarkers in special patient subgroups: a focus on soluble ST2
Authors: Bilovol O. M. , Knyazkova I. I.
Published: January 2023

A biomarker is an important indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic conditions, or pharmacological responses to therapeutic intervention. The use of biomarkers will allow to improve the diagnosis of pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, their complications and comorbid conditions, treatment strategy and determination of prognosis.

The article highlights the significance of the sST2 biomarker in patients with suspected or proven heart failure, arterial hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. A review of fundamental research in recent years, which studied the role of sST2 in pathological conditions, was carried out.
Review of current recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of patients with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Yakovlevа L. M.
Published: January 2023

The article based on the recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology (2022) discusses the definition, pathogenesis, classification and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension. Particular attention is paid to the indications for conducting and interpreting the results of catheterization of the right heart cavities with the selection of groups of patients with precapillary, isolated postcapillary and combined pulmonary hypertension. The article provides a diagnostic algorithm for people with suspected pulmonary arterial hypertension, as well as risk stratification of patients with a confirmed diagnosis. Issues of prescription of specific drug therapy for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, escalation of therapy, including indications for transplantation of the heart-lung complex are considered.
NT - 53 - Dinte - Participação dos Insumos Importados na Produção das Empresas Industriais Brasileiras
Authors: Guimarães Eduardo Augusto
Published: January 2023

As estatísticas de comércio exterior e as estatísticas de produção industrial são computadas e divulgadas por agências governamentais distintas (Secretaria de Comércio Exterior – Secex e Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE). As primeiras são valoradas em dólares e observam a classificação das mercadorias exportadas e importadas; as segundas são valoradas em reais e observam a classificação de atividade das empresas produtoras. Os fluxos de comércio exterior e produção são integrados anualmente, de forma agregada, pelo Sistema de Contas Nacionais do IBGE e apenas quinquenalmente, em nível setorial, nas matrizes de insumo produto (MIPs).
NT - 57 - Diest - Atuação das Organizações da Sociedade Civil no Sistema Prisional Brasileiro: Perfil das OSCs e Projetos Desenvolvidos
Authors: Andrade Pedro Gomes , Pereira Ana Camila Ribeiro , Mello Janine
Published: January 2023

As Organizações da Sociedade Civil (OSCs) são entidades que atuam em temas centrais na esfera pública e exercem atividades de interesse coletivo, com repercussão sobre os setores mais diversos da sociedade (Lopez, 2018, p. 9). Dotadas de grande heterogeneidade, as OSCs estão presentes nas mais diversas etapas de produção das políticas públicas, desde a participação em instâncias consultivas até a oferta de bens e serviços em diferentes arranjos e áreas temáticas. Elas desempenham papel importante em áreas como educação, saúde, cultura, assistência social e em múltiplas dimensões de reconhecimento de direitos e de grupos populacionais vulnerabilizados.
NT - 58 - Diest - Despesas com Pessoal Ativo na Federação Brasileira (2002 2020)
Authors: Junqueira Gabriel , Orair Rodrigo
Published: January 2023

As despesas com funcionalismo são objeto de grande atenção em finanças públicas, e despertam fortes controvérsias. Visões muito distintas a respeito da importância desses gastos para a sociedade e seus impactos sobre os resultados fiscais se somam a diferenças nas metodologias e indicadores, gerando confusão a respeito da realidade. Mesmo o debate acerca do nível e da trajetória dos gastos com servidores ativos, relativamente simples e objetivo, se torna de difícil compreensão diante da existência de interpretações tão díspares no debate público. A mais recente proposta de Reforma Administrativa (Projeto de Emenda Constitucional – PEC nº 32/2020) apresentou a afirmação alarmista de que o país enfrenta “o desafio de evitar um duplo colapso: na prestação de serviços para a população e no orçamento público”. Estudos que identificam risco significativo e defendem ampla redução de salários reais e empregos públicos se fundamentam em dados que incluem ativos e inativos, e não contemplam as três esferas de governo em metodologia consistente. Por outro lado, os mesmos trabalhos apresentam estatísticas que evidenciam estabilidade das despesas como proporção do produto interno bruto (PIB) nos governos estaduais e no governo central, e crescimento moderado no caso dos governos municipais.
NT - 54 - Dinte - O sistema tributário dos países da OCDE e as principais recomendações da entidade: Fornecendo parâmetros para a reforma tributária no Brasil
Authors: Carvalho Junior Pedro Humberto Bruno de
Published: January 2023

A Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) é uma organização internacional fundada em 1961, com o objetivo de estimular o desenvolvimento econômico e o comércio mundial por meio do multilateralismo, ao promover a democracia e a economia de mercado. Atualmente, a entidade conta com 38 países-membros e debruça-se em diferentes temas, entre os quais a tributação. Evidentemente, isso não quer dizer que seus países-membros tenham políticas tributárias semelhantes: pelo contrário, são países bastante diferentes entre si – inclusive em termos de renda – e, consequentemente, com sistemas tributários distintos. A OCDE tem o papel de catalogar como funciona o sistema tributário de cada um dos países-membros e fazer recomendações gerais de política tributária (isso pode ser conferido, por exemplo, nas obras de Brys, 2011, Brys et al., 2016, Johansson et al., 2008 e O’Reilly, 2018) e recomendações tributárias específicas para as crises de 2009 (OECD, 2010) e 2019 (OECD, 2021a). Os países-membros devem disponibilizar essas informações à entidade e podem optar em aplicar ou não o resultado das recomendações da OCDE. É importante ressaltar que no decorrer do tempo houve uma mudança gradual das recomendações da OCDE em política tributária, passando da defesa de um sistema tributário simplificado e harmônio que não prejudicasse o crescimento econômico (Brys, 2011; Johansson et al., 2008; OECD, 2005; 2006a; 2006b; 2007; 2010), para um sistema tributário mais inclusivo e progressivo (OECD, 2018a; 2018b; 2021a; 2021b.). Por exemplo, o posicionamento da entidade passou de totalmente contrário aos impostos pessoais sobre a riqueza líquida que haviam sido abolidos em diversos países europeus nas décadas de 1990 e 2000 (Johansson et al., 2008; OECD, 2004; 2006b), para até mesmo considerar uma tributação mais intensiva sobre a riqueza e as rendas de capital dos milionários (OECD, 2018a; 2018b; 2021b), principalmente após a pandemia de covid-19 (OECD, 2021a).
NT - 28 - Dirur - Reformando o setor elétrico brasileiro: Uma aproximação com os países da OCDE
Authors: Gutierrez Maria Bernadete G. P. Sarmiento
Published: January 2023

A importância dos setores considerados de utilidade pública, em particular os de eletricidade e gás, resultou em uma agenda de trabalho no âmbito da OCDE focada no campo regulatório com o fim de proteger os consumidores de potenciais abusos econômicos. O reconhecimento de que uma estrutura de monopólio verticalmente integrada pudesse resultar em preços excessivamente elevados justificou uma agenda de reformas para os países da OCDE, simultaneamente às iniciativas convergentes da União Europeia para impulsionar a liberalização do Mercado Único de Energia (OECD, 2001).
NT - 29 - Dirur - Indicadores de produtividade e sustentabilidade do setor agropecuário brasileiro
Authors: Vieira Filho José Eustáquio Ribeiro
Published: January 2023

Esta nota técnica tem por objetivo fazer uma síntese do quadro produtivo do setor agropecuário brasileiro nos últimos quinze anos, assim como apresentar indicadores de produtividade e sustentabilidade. O agronegócio1 é representativo no produto interno bruto do país, na dinâmica do comércio internacional, bem como na geração de empregos na economia (Fishlow e Vieira Filho, 2020).
NT - 31 - Dirur - Consórcios Públicos Interfederativos no Brasil: Descrição das Principais Fontes de Informação e Resultados Preliminares
Authors: Mendes Constantino Cronemberger , Farias Geová Parente , Nascimento Igor Ferreira do , Vasconcelos Ronaldo Ramos
Published: January 2023

Os consórcios públicos interfederativos têm assumido um protagonismo crescente no Brasil. Isto ocorre desde a década de 1960, mas, acentua-se, sobretudo, após a consolidação de sua situação jurídica nos anos 2000. Esta importância se amplia à medida que a sociedade começa a perceber que a melhoria das condições de vida da crescente população urbana está intrinsicamente associada à qualidade e à abrangência dos serviços públicos básicos (inclusos saúde, educação, assistência social, abastecimento de água, saneamento básico, recolha e tratamento de resíduos sólidos, meio ambiente, transporte e mobilidade, vigilância sanitária animal etc.) a que tem acesso. A prestação destes serviços é, constitucionalmente, atribuição compartilhada entre os diferentes níveis da federação brasileira. Vê-se porém uma certa dificuldade em dispor de conhecimentos sobre a existência e as características principais (cobertura, especialidades, funções principais, áreas de atuação e serviços prestados) das diferentes formas de cooperação interfederativa – entre as quais a dos consórcios públicos interfederativos que, em determinado momento, são constituídos e continuam em funcionamento.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE APPRENTICESHIP SYSTEM IN DEVELOPING SELFLEADERSHIP STRATEGIES FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE (SME) LEADERS IN NIGERIA: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF SME SELF-LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Enem Godwin Nnaemeka , Mohd Anuar Mohd Ashraff , Abdul Wahat Nor Wahiza , Ismail Ismi Arif
Published: January 2023

Self-leadership has the potential for more efficient and productive individuals and organization accomplishments however, the ideal training practices to impart self-leadership skills among individuals have been a controversial issue lately as there is no universally accepted training model in this regard. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the importance of the apprenticeship system in the training and development of self-leadership strategies for SME leaders in Nigeria, as a process of acquiring self-leadership skills and implementing them for effectiveness and growth of their businesses. The researchers carried out this study through exploratory qualitative research. A total of 16 SME leaders were sampled and data was collected and analyzed from in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis which were transcribed and analyzed using Nvivo software. The interview sessions were divided into two sessions and lasted over 20 hours in total. The findings indicated that the apprenticeship system could be a training method through which the strategies of self-leadership could be imparted, going by the positive feelings and greater confidence expressed by the SME leaders concerning the training they received and its effectiveness in improving their individual and organizational performance. Consequently, the government and other stakeholders are therefore encouraged to develop an acceptable model of training that incorporates self- leadership and the apprenticeship system into a uniform standard for training business leaders across the country.
THE ROLE OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION: A REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Authors: Edward Chinongwa , Faitira Prof Manuere , Admire Mthombeni
Published: January 2023

The rate of strategy implementation failure in organisation is so worrisome that various forms of interventions are necessary to curtail the situation. This paper reviews related literature on the role of training and development in the implementation of strategies in organisations. The author discusses how training and development function affects the human related critical success factors relevant for strategy implementation in organisations. These are employee motivation, attitudes, commitment, engagement, coordination, performance and employee retention, which are important in the exercise. From the review it emerged that training and development significantly influences strategy implementation in terms of these critical factors. The study therefore, concludes that training and development is an important factor to be considered for the successful implementation of any strategic exercise in organisations.
HEALTH RISK APPRAISAL OF URBAN THERMAL ENVIRONMENT AND CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS ON VULNERABLE POPULATIONS
Authors: Huang Huanchun , Zhao Yimin , Deng Xin , Yang Hailin , Ren Lijian
Published: January 2023

Continuous global warming and frequent extreme high temperatures keep the urban climate health risk increasing, seriously threatening residents’ emotional health. Therefore, analysis on spatial distribution of the health risk that the urban heat island (UHI) effect imposes on emotional health as well as basic research on the characteristics of vulnerable populations need to be conducted. This study, with Tianjin city as the case, analyzed data from Landsat remote-sensing images, meteorological stations, and digital maps, explored the influence of summer UHI effect on distress (a typical negative emotion factor) and its spatiotemporal evolution, and conducted difference analysis on the age groups, genders, family state, and distress levels of vulnerable populations. The results show: (1) During the period of 1992–2020, the level and area of UHI influence on residents’ distress drastically increased–influence level elevated from level 2–4 to level 4–7, and highlevel influence areas were concentrated in six districts of central Tianjin. (2) Influence of the UHI effect on distress varied in different age groups–generally dropping with fluctuations as residents got older, especially residents aged 50–59. (3) Men experienced a W-shaped pattern in distress and were more irritable and unsteady emotionally; while women were more sensitive to distress in the beginning, but they became more placid as temperature got higher. (4) Studies on family status show that couples living together showed sound heat resistance in the face of heat stress, while middle-aged and elderly people living alone or with children were relatively weak in adjusting to high ambient temperature.
The R-Process Alliance: Chemodynamically Tagged Groups. II. An Extended Sample of Halo r-process-enhanced Stars
Authors: Shank Derek , Beers Timothy C. , Placco Vinicius M. , Gudin Dmitrii , Catapano Thomas , Holmbeck Erika M. , Ezzeddine Rana , Roederer Ian U. , Sakari Charli M. , Frebel Anna , Hansen Terese T.
Published: January 2023

Orbital characteristics based on Gaia Early Data Release 3 astrometric parameters are analyzed for ∼1700 r-process-enhanced (RPE; [Eu/Fe] > +0.3) metal-poor stars ([Fe/H] ≤ −0.8) compiled from the R-Process Alliance, the GALactic Archaeology with HERMES (GALAH) DR3 survey, and additional literature sources. We find dynamical clusters of these stars based on their orbital energies and cylindrical actions using the HDBSCAN unsupervised learning algorithm. We identify 36 chemodynamically tagged groups (CDTGs) containing between five and 22 members; 17 CDTGs have at least 10 member stars. Previously known Milky Way (MW) substructures such as Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus, the splashed disk, the metal-weak thick disk, the Helmi stream, LMS-1 (Wukong), and Thamnos are reidentified. Associations with MW globular clusters are determined for seven CDTGs; no recognized MW dwarf galaxy satellites were associated with any of our CDTGs. Previously identified dynamical groups are also associated with our CDTGs, adding structural determination information and possible new identifications. Carbon-enhanced metal-poor RPE (CEMP-r) stars are identified among the targets; we assign these to morphological groups in a Yoon–Beers A(C)
c
versus [Fe/H] diagram. Our results confirm previous dynamical analyses that showed RPE stars in CDTGs share common chemical histories, influenced by their birth environments.
Transport of Cosmic-Ray Electrons from 1 au to the Sun
Authors: Petrosian Vahé , Orlando Elena , Strong Andrew
Published: January 2023

Gamma rays are produced by cosmic-ray (CR) protons interacting with the particles at the solar photosphere and by CR electrons and positrons (CRes) via inverse Compton scattering of solar photons. The former comes from the solar disk while the latter extends beyond the disk. Evaluation of these emissions requires the flux and spectrum of CRs in the vicinity of the Sun, while most observations provide flux and spectra near the Earth, at around 1 au from the Sun. Past estimates of the quiet Sun gamma-ray emission use phenomenological modulation procedures to estimate spectra near the Sun. We show that CRe transport in the inner heliosphere requires a kinetic approach and use a novel approximation to determine the variation of CRe flux and spectrum from 1 au to the Sun including the effects of (1) the structure of the large-scale magnetic field, (2) small scale turbulence in the solar wind from several in situ measurements, in particular, those by Parker Solar Probe that extend this information to 0.1 au, and (3) most importantly, energy losses due to synchrotron and inverse Compton processes. We present results on the flux and spectrum variation of CRes from 1 au to the Sun for several transport models. In forthcoming papers we will use these results for a more accurate estimate of quiet Sun inverse Compton gamma-ray spectra, and, for the first time, the spectra of extreme ultraviolet to hard X-ray photons produced by synchrotron emission. These can be compared with the quiet Sun gamma-ray observation by the Fermi and X-ray upper limits set by RHESSI.
Energy Dependence of the Line Ratio I(233.9 Å)/I(243.8 Å) in Fe xv Observed with an Electron Beam Ion Trap
Authors: Sakaue Hiroyuki A. , Kato Daiji , Yamamoto Norimasa , Murakami Izumi , Hara Hirohisa , Nakamura Nobuyuki
Published: January 2023

We present the energy dependence of the intensity ratio between the 3s3p
3
P
2—3s3d
3
D
3 transition at 233.9 Å and the 3s3p
1
P
1—3s3d
1
D
2 transition at 243.8 Å in Fe xv studied with an electron beam ion trap over an energy range that spans resonance excitation regions. Clear resonance structures are observed in the electron energy range of 400–600 eV. The energy dependence obtained in the experiment is compared with a collisional-radiative model calculation, including resonance excitations, and overall agreement is found. It is shown that the ratio strongly reflects the population of the 3s3p
3
P
2 metastable state, which is the lower state of the 233.9 Å transition.
cuHARM: A New GPU-accelerated GRMHD Code and Its Application to ADAF Disks
Authors: Bégué D. , Pe’er A. , Zhang G.-Q. , Zhang B.-B. , Pevzner B.
Published: January 2023

We introduce a new GPU-accelerated general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic code based on HARM, which we call cuHARM. The code is written in CUDA-C and uses OpenMP to parallelize multi-GPU setups. Our code allows us to run high-resolution simulations of accretion disks and the formation and structure of jets without a need for multinode supercomputer infrastructure. A 2563 simulation is well within the reach of an Nvidia DGX-V100 server, with the computation being about 10 times faster than if only the CPU is used. We use this code to examine several disk structures all in the SANE state. We find that (i) increasing the magnetic field in the SANE state does not affect the mass accretion rate; (ii) simultaneously increasing the disk size and the magnetic field, while keeping the ratio of energies fixed, leads to the destruction of the jet once the magnetic flux through the horizon decreases below a certain limit (this demonstrates that the existence of a jet is a function of the initial mass distribution, and not of the initial intensity of the magnetic field, since the magnetorotational instability dictates the evolution of the magnetic field); and (iii) the structure of the jet is a weak function of the adiabatic index of the gas, with relativistic gas tending to have a wider jet.
Mammals in Tawny Owl (Strix aluco) pellets from Kharkiv Region, Ukraine
Authors: Yatsiuk Yehor , Brusentsova Nataliia , Filatova Yuliya
Published: January 2023

The Tawny owl (Strix aluco) is a common owl species in Europe, demonstrating generalist diet strategy. Its main prey are small rodents and numerous studies show that the composition of its diet broadly reflects changes in prey species abundance in its habitats. Due to strictly sedentary habits of adult birds and their year-round territoriality, it is possible to locate habitats of their prey with a precision of several hundred metres. Analysis of owl pellets is a traditional method in faunistic studies to provide data on distribution of small mammals, especially cryptic species which are hard to be found using trapping.

Here, we present a dataset on mammals found in Tawny owl pellets collected during up to 13-year studies in the Kharkiv Region, Ukraine in three territories. Data from two territories were collected in a systematic way and allowed us to make analysis of seasonal, year-to-year and habitat variability in the Tawny owl diet and local mammal species composition.
Effects of habitat differences on the scatter-hoarding behaviour of rodents (Mammalia, Rodentia) in temperate forests
Authors: Li Dianwei , Liu Jiahui , Zhang Chengzhi , Cao Yuwei , Gao Ming , Jin Zhimin , Shan Hongjia , Ni Hongwei
Published: January 2023

To discover the differences in hoarding strategies of rodents for different seeds in different habitats, we labelled and released three different types of seeds, including Pinus koraiensis, Corylus mandshurica, and Quercus mongolica, in temperate forests of northeastern China and investigated the fate of seeds in four different habitats that included a broad-leaved forest, mixed-forest edge, mixed forest, and artificial larch forest. Our research showed that the hoarding strategy of rodents was found to vary substantially in different habitats. The survival curves of seeds from different habitats showed the same trend, but the rates of consumption in different habitats varied. More than 50% of the seeds in the four habitats were consumed by the tenth day. It took 20 days to consume more than 70% of the seeds. The rate of consumption of P. koraiensis seeds reached 96.70%; 99.09% of the C. mandshurica seeds were consumed, and 93.07% of the Q. mongolica seeds were consumed. The seeds were consumed most quickly in the artificial larch forest. In general, most of the early seeds were quickly devoured. After day 20, the consumption gradually decreased. Rodents found the seeds in the artificial larch forest in a shorter average time than those in the other types of forests. The average earliest discovery time was 1.4 ± 0.9 d (1–3 d). The average earliest discovery time in all the other three habitats exceeded 7 d. The median removal times (MRT) was distributed around the seeds at 14.24 ± 10.53 d (1–60 d). There were significant differences in the MRT among different habitats. It was shortest in the artificial larch forest at 7.67 ± 6.80 d (1–28 d). In contrast, the MRT in the broad-leaved forest was the longest at 17.52 ± 12.91 d (4–60 d). There were significant differences in the MRT between the artificial larch forest and the other habitats. There was less predation of the three types of seeds at the mixed-forest edge, and the most seeds were dispersed. The rates of predation of the P. koraiensis, C. mandshurica, and Q. mongolica seeds were 28.33%, 15.83%, and 44.0%, and 59.17%, 84.17%, and 48.0% of the seeds were dispersed, respectively. The average dispersal distances of all the seeds were less than 6 m, and the longest distance recorded was 18.66 m. The dispersal distances and burial depths differed significantly among the four types of habitats. The distance of seed dispersal was primarily distributed in 1–6 m.