bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer in the Carbon Nanotube-Water Based Nanofluid Flowing Around a Square Cylinder Inside the Channel
Authors: Kaur Jaspinder , Ratan Jatinder Kumar , Tiwari Anurag Kumar
Published: April 2024

The nanofluid with exceptional thermo-physical properties exhibits its significance effect over the convectional fluids for improved heat transfer characteristics. The numerical analysis of heat transfer rate is crucial in many designing and optimizing thermal systems including, heat
exchangers, power plants and engines. In this work, numerical investigations carried out for forced convection heat transfer of CNT-water nanofluid over a 45.- inclined square cylinder. The aim of the study to determine the optimum conditions for maximum heat transfer. The value of Reynolds
number, CNTs nanoparticles volume fraction, and confinement ratio are consider as input variables, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is used for optimization to identify the optimal values of the input variables that will result in the best response of heat transfer. The response surface
equation is evaluated using the design of the experiments, model fitting, and model optimization. The numerical simulation is performed for different Reynolds numbers (1 ≤ Re ≤ 40), the volume fraction of CNTs (0 ≤ Φ ≤ 0.05), and the confinement ratio (0.1 ≤
λ ≤ 0.5). It was found that the heat transfer enchancement is observed by increasing the Reynolds number, volume fraction and confinement ratio, consequently the temperature gradient increases near the square cylinder. It is also found that the maximum Nusselt number is found
at Re = 40, Φ = 0.05 and λ = 0.5. A comparison is also made between the numerical results obtained from the CFD analysis and RSM. Overall, the finding highlighted optimum value of Re, Φ and λ makes the CNTs nanofluid suitable
for effective heat transfer applications, aiding in design and thermal system optimization.
Power-Law Nanofluid Magnetohydrodynamics Combined Convection in the Presence of Heat Absorption/Generation: A Lattice Boltzmann Analysis to Compute Thermal Performance Index
Authors: Nemati Mohammad , Reddy N. Keerthi , Sefid Mohammad , Karimipour Arash , Chamkha Ali J.
Published: April 2024

Endeavors to improve the performance of thermal systems have always been of great noticed due to their extremely high importance in industrial and engineering applications. For this intention, in the existing simulation, several effective strategies have been evaluated to determine
the amount of heat transfer and entropy formation caused by the combined convection of non-Newtonian nanofluid with particles Brownian motion. Based on the findings via LBM simulation, it has been observed that changing the position and speed direction on the chamber wall helps to control
the flow characteristics, and thus significantly changes the thermal performance of the system. The least effect of the magnetic field in reducing the value of the Nusselt number in all the positions of applying the speed belongs to the state where the wall direction is aligned with the force
of gravity. In the case where the middle part of the vertical wall has speed, the formed flow power inside the chamber is 29% and 45% higher than when the first third and the last third of the wall have speed. The presence of a strong magnetic field leads to the reduction of convection effects,
which is more evident for moving up the vertical wall. When the middle part of the wall has speed, if the magnetic field is applied to the middle part of the chamber to the highest value, the reduction of the average Nusselt number is about 35% and 39% more than the case when the magnetic
field is applied to the first third and the last third of chamber. To have a higher average Nusselt number value, reducing the fluid power-law index and enhancing the Reynolds number value are effective strategies. To control the effects of the magnetic field, it is very effective to reduce
the shear force on the chamber wall and expose the fluid flow to the heat absorption/production phenomenon. By reducing the value of fluid power-law index, the effect of magnetic field and heat absorption/production becomes more evident. In Re=200, the reduction of the thermal performance
index for enhancing the Hartmann number value to the highest value is about 39% for n = 0.45, while this effect is about 31% and 24% for n = 0.7 and n = 0.95, respectively. By exposing the current to heat production, the effect of the magnetic field is reported to be about
55% higher than in other cases. Although heat production enhances the amount of Be value by about 66% compared to the heat absorption mode, it leads to an increase in the thermal performance index. The highest value of the system thermal performance index (0.82) can be achieved by upward moving
the middle part of the chamber wall in the absence of magnetic field for heat absorption mode at the lowest power-law index and the highest Reynolds number value.
Business as usual like never before! Continuity, rupture and anxiety management in the 2014 Scottish independence referendum campaign
Authors: Paterson Ian
Published: April 2024

Ontological security-seeking has traditionally been considered to rest upon the stability and continuity of core auto-biographical narratives and everyday routines. ‘Critical situations’ which fundamentally destabilise these foundations of ontological security have thus hitherto carried a negative valence. Constitutional referenda proposing a radical re-organisation of collective political identities and daily life, therefore, are intriguing. A source of severe consternation for some, for others, potential change is positive, even thrilling. This article investigates this puzzling contrast, drawing on Ontological Security Studies’ (OSS) recent recentring of Existentialist thought and debates exploring the heterogenous potential of anxiety, and utilising the 2014 referendum on Scottish independence and the strategies for anxiety management embedded in the pro-independence ‘Yes’ campaign. Through analysis of dominant discourses grounding the argument for independence, findings demonstrate the simultaneous deployment of contradictory anxiety management strategies: independence was framed as a pathway to escape the instability and uncertainty of the status quo; as a pathway to continuity; and as a chance to embrace anxiety, to relish the opportunity and excitement of change. This article thus contributes to the prevailing critique of OSS’ over-privileging of stability and continuity in ontological security-seeking, yet problematises ‘either/or’ approaches to understanding anxiety management in critical situations and beyond.
Cultural wars and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) rights in Southeast Asia: ‘Asian values’, human rights, and the ‘homosexual turn’
Authors: Radics George B
Published: April 2024

Some have argued that we are seeing a ‘homosexual turn’ in Southeast Asia. Decriminalization of sodomy, legal recognition of same-sex marriage, and discussions regarding trans rights have all taken place in the last decade. However, a backlash has emerged as well. Governmental censure of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender issues has escalated, with politicians espousing anti-lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender rhetoric and warning against importing ‘cultural wars’ from the West into Asia. The lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender rights debate is becoming the new cultural battleground in Asia, with ‘Asian’ and ‘family’ centered values being pitted against ‘Western hegemony’ and ‘moral corruption’. As lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender activists advocate for more recognition, the ‘traditional’ heteronormative family is further institutionalized and valorized. This article aims to interrogate the ‘cultural wars’ in Asia as reflected in the tension between burgeoning lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender activism and the enduring privilege of heteronormative families. It will explore this cultural clash through the following three dimensions: (1) rights framing, (2) competition over resources, and (3) political backlash. Ultimately, though, the article argues that as opposed to seeing this tension as a ‘cultural war’, instead we should see this conflict as developmental growing pains, as the region continues to evolve, and nation-states begin to grapple with the burgeoning rights and an irrepressible recognition of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender identities that had been buried under layers of ideologies, from political to moral.
What has been done for social workers’ self-care practice? A systematic review of interventions
Authors: Jian Miao , Wang Miao , Du Yingfei , Yan Hao
Published: April 2024

Improving mental well-being is essential for social workers. Self-care services are often facilitated to enhance it, but there is limited research exploring their characteristics and effectiveness. We conducted a systematic review of self-care interventions targeting the mental well-being of social workers. A comprehensive search of four English and one Chinese databases yielded 2969 studies for initial screening. Fourteen eligible studies were finally included and reviewed. The results underscored mindfulness as prevalent and effective, with social work students being the main service recipients. Although with limitations, the findings inform future research and self-care services for social workers.
Investigations on the development of impact-resistant thermoplastic fibre hybrid composites from glass and steel fibre
Authors: Overberg Matthias , Badrul Hasan Mir Mohammad , Abdkader Anwar , Rehra Jan , Schmeer Sebastian , Cherif Chokri
Published: April 2024

With the increased use of fibre reinforced composites (FRP), the design of new generation of composite structures with high stiffness and a ductile material behaviour is required to cope with complex load scenarios and high damage tolerances. This can be achieved, in particular, by a combination of conventional fibre-reinforced composites (FRP), which possess high stiffness and strength with metallic materials characterized by their high ductility and associated higher energy absorption capacity. Currently, there are no solutions for hybridisation of high performance filament yarns, metal filament yarns and thermoplastic filament yarns on micro level. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to develop a fibre hybrid composite based on hybrid yarn consisting of glass, steel and polypropylene filament yarns and to compare its tensile and impact properties with those of the composite reinforced only with glass filament yarn. The tensile and impact properties of the unidirectional hybrid composites produced from the developed multi-material hybrid yarn consisting of steel, glass and polypropylene filament yarns are compared with those of a non-hybrid composite reinforced exclusively with glass filament yarn. The results show that by hybridising with steel fibres a characteristic post-failure behaviour can be achieved, so that the developed multi-material hybrid yarns have a high potential for use in composites with high crash and impact performance requirements, where safety demands are essential.
Disembedded politics: Discourses on Neoliberal Labor Law reforms in Lithuania (2014–2016)
Authors: Juska Arunas
Published: April 2024

Since regaining its independence in 1991, Lithuania has undergone a process of chaotic privatization in which labor was systematically disempowered, above all, by the targeted erosion of labor rights formally endorsed in the pre-existing Soviet labor code. In the newly legitimized and aggressive pro-business environment of the post-Soviet era, organized labor's residual power was seen as an anachronistic impediment to the power of capital in reshaping society and the economy. This article investigates the political dynamics of disembedded labor law reform in Lithuania, which enabled neoliberal reformers to legislate while disregarding broader societal interests and imposing unilateral changes in labor relations. A content analysis of 852 news media reports on labor law reforms published in 2014–2016 was used to demonstrate how discursive and institutional exclusion and sequencing were employed by the neoliberal government to circumvent the interests of major social and economic groups, resulting in the passage of pro-business legislation. The implications of resorting to disembedded politics in the labor reform process are discussed.
The Development and Evaluation of the Kinesthetic Motor Imagery of Pelvic Floor Muscle Contraction Questionnaire (KMI-PFQ) in Spanish Women
Authors: Cuenca-Martínez Ferran , La Touche Roy , Barber-Llorens Gemma , Romero-Palau Mario , Fuentes-Aparicio Laura , Sempere-Rubio Núria
Published: April 2024

Practitioners have begun using motor imagery (MI) for preventing and treating some pelvic floor disorders. Due to requirements for imagining before performing a MI intervention and because there are few instruments available for assessing this specific ability in the pelvic floor musculature, we sought to develop and test a new MI questionnaire, the Kinesthetic Motor Imagery of Pelvic Floor Muscle Contraction Questionnaire (KMI-PFQ). We focused in this study on the development and analysis of the instrument’s factorial structure and internal reliability in a participant sample of 162 healthy Spanish women ( M age = 20.1, SD = 2.2 years). We developed and evaluated the KMI-PFQ’s psychometric properties, finding it to have good internal consistency, with Cronbach’s α = .838, ω coefficient = .839, and an intraclass correlation coefficient = .809, with two factors (“ability” and “mental effort”) explaining 58.36% of response variance. The standard error of measurement was 3.58, and the minimal detectable change was 9.92. No floor or ceiling effects were identified. There was also good convergent validity as seen by statistically significant positive correlations between KMI-PFQ scores and the revised-Movement Image Questionnaire and Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire. There were no statistically significant correlations between KMI-PFQ scores and the Orientation to Life Questionnaire. The KMI-PFQ is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring kinesthetic ability to feel/imagine pelvic floor muscle contractions in healthy Spanish women.
Using Manipulative-Based Instructional Sequences to Increase the Understanding of Fractional Concepts of Students With Mathematical Learning Disabilities
Authors: Brave Kathryn Lavin , Berman Izzy , Basu Debita , Szkotak Alexis
Published: April 2024

Manipulative-based instructional sequences have proven to be successful with students with disabilities. However, instruction must not only support the acquisition of conceptual and procedural knowledge but also build on students’ strengths. This article describes how teachers can use manipulative-based instructional sequences to support the fractional understanding of students who are diagnosed with mathematical learning disabilities. We begin by describing common misconceptions that may affect students’ abilities to reason with and calculate fractions. We then explain how teachers can use a concrete-semi-concrete representational-abstract (CRA) model to plan and implement lessons that maximize learning and minimize frustration. Readers are also provided with detailed descriptions of how teachers can assess fraction knowledge, reinforce conceptual understanding, and promote procedural fluency.
Unbundling tenure security and demand for property rights: Evidence from urban Tanzania
Authors: Manara Martina , Regan Tanner
Published: April 2024

Rapid urbanisation in sub-Saharan Africa occurs with little land registration, and government-led regularisation schemes often find limited uptake of title deeds by residents. In theory, there could be private and public benefits from land titling in cities. However, little is known about how landholders value the various dimensions of formal property rights in comparison to informal tenure. We address these questions by unbundling property rights into multiple functions of tenure security and by adopting an innovative combination of methods, including an incentivised willingness-to-pay exercise, a survey, and in-depth interviews conducted in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Examining how landholders perceive dimensions of tenure advances our understanding of limited land formalisation in urban Africa and provides evidence for alternative policy approaches to address local demand for tenure security more effectively.
Evaluation and Comparison of Relaxation-Related Workplace Interventions Among Office Workers at an Insurance Institution: An Intervention Study
Authors: Lehmann Heidi , Otte Nelly , Kraus Thomas , Esser André , Krabbe Julia
Published: April 2024

Relaxation-related workplace interventions can be counterstrategies for stress due to office work and should be evaluated for success after implementation. This study reports on the evaluation and comparison of 3 relaxation techniques introduced as an intervention for health promotion. A Germany-wide multicenter evaluation of a 3-month relaxation intervention (30 min, once a week) including autogenic training, progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) or Tai Chi was conducted at 14 locations as an intervention study. Anonymous questionnaires ( n = 244) were used to collect self-reports of perceived stress after the courses. Status before the courses (pre) and after completion (post) were reported at the end of the intervention. All 3 relaxation techniques were able to improve the subjective perception of stress (SPS) score. Autogenic training was reported to improve all singular items with large effects, whereas only 2 items showed change for Tai Chi and none for PMR. Singular items were also influenced by the location of the courses. All 3 methods were able to improve stress-related outcomes in terms of stress perception and individual aspects of stress management. For this specific intervention autogenic training yielded the largest and wide-ranging effects. Tai Chi was also effective, but additional effect due to an associated increase in physical activity were not found. For a workplace intervention PMR could not be recommended based on this study. The literature on workplace interventions is surprisingly scarce, and future studies should focus on the selection of appropriate participants while avoiding potential bias.
Revised Alcohol Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale–20 (PBSS-20) Sub-Types: An Analysis of Direct/Controlled Consumption and Indirect/Harm Reduction PBS
Authors: Peterson Roselyn , Dvorak Robert D. , Burr Emily K. , De Leon Ardhys N. , Klaver Samantha J. , Maynard Madison H. , Hayden Emma R. , Aguilar Bradley
Published: April 2024

Alcohol protective behavioral strategies (PBS) are commonly conceptualized with a three-factor model, as used in the Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale-20 (PBSS-20). However, inconsistencies exist between factors and drinking outcomes. The current study used factor analysis to test a two-factor structure directly via controlled consumption (Direct/CC) and indirectly via harm reduction (Indirect/HR) using the PBSS-20 among a combined sample of n = 4,883 drinkers. Both the two- and three-factor structures evince similar model fit. A two-factor model yielded more concise PBS measurement. Negative associations were observed with consumption (Direct/CC PBS) and problems (Indirect/HR). A condensed, eight-item, two-factor model accounted for less variance in alcohol consumption, however more variance in alcohol-related problems. A more consistent framework for understanding the impact of PBS on alcohol-related outcomes is provided.
Examining the Utility of the Texas Risk Assessment System to Predict Community Supervision Compliance and Recidivism
Authors: Miller Holly A. , Toman Elisa L. , Pederson Kaitlyn M.
Published: April 2024

Although most risk assessment research has examined tools in the prediction of recidivism, there is a growing body of literature that investigates risk assessment in the prediction of successful community supervision. The Texas Risk Assessment System–Community Supervision Tool (TRAS-CST) was developed from the Ohio Risk Assessment System–Community Supervision Tool (ORAS-CST) but has not been examined to predict recidivism or probation compliance. The current study investigates the predictive validity of the TRAS screener and full versions when examining supervision compliance and recidivism among a sample of 462 individuals on probation. Findings support predictive validity of incarceration due to rule violations and new offenses during supervision using the TRAS versions, along with the domains of the TRAS-CST version, although the effect sizes were small to moderate. Results also indicate that the domain scores on the full TRAS may provide important intervention focus for officers supervising individuals on community supervision.
Students in Team-Based Learning Classes Report Greater Belongingness
Authors: Madson Laura , Hout Michael C. , Del Sordo Giovanna C.
Published: April 2024

Background: Belongingness is an important predictor of academic and psychological outcomes in college students. Team-based learning (TBL) includes a number of explicit structures that should increase students’ perceived belongingness (compared to other teaching approaches), including permanent team membership, and activities that encourage team interactions. Objective: In two studies, we compared perceived belongingness reported by students taught using TBL and non-TBL methods to determine whether students taught using TBL reported greater perceived belongingness. Method: In study 1, we measured perceived belongingness at the end of four different semesters of TBL and non-TBL sections of Introduction to Psychology. In study 2, we measured belongingness in a pre–post design, again in TBL and non-TBL sections of Introduction to Psychology. Results: In both studies, TBL students reported significantly greater belongingness than non-TBL students. Teaching Implications: These data contribute to a growing body of literature indicating that TBL has social and emotional benefits in addition to the previously established academic benefits. As such, instructors should consider adopting TBL.
in defence of what’s there: notes on scavenging as methodology
Authors: Niang Sophie Marie
Published: April 2024

Presented as a series of notes, this article explores scavenging as a methodology of refusal, anchored in black studies, black feminist thought, queer studies and indigenous studies, and thinks of the possibilities it offers for rethinking feminist research. Engaging with the works of Katherine McKittrick and of Eve Tuck and K. Wayne Yang in particular, I unravel scavenging and interrogate the possibilities it offers for feminist, queer and decolonial scholarship. I argue that scavenging cultivates wonder; resists extractive logics pervasive in academic research; refuses disciplinarity; demands attention; offers possibilities for repair; channels feeling, desire and the erotic; and, finally, encourages us to think about form in academic writing. Throughout, scavenging is therefore sketched out as a methodology for worldmaking.
feminist activist ethnography through Arabic Twitter: fellowship as a method
Authors: Mustafa Balsam
Published: April 2024

This article reflects on my journey conducting online ethnography through Iraqi, Saudi, Kuwaiti and Yemeni feminist Twitters as an Iraqi researcher residing in the United Kingdom. It examines the intersection of online ethnography and feminist activism, emphasising the essential role of long-term immersion in social media spaces as an activist prior to undertaking this type of research. I gained crucial insights into the complexity, fluidity and emotional dynamics of online spaces and relationships through years of visible presence and engagement with other activists before conducting my ethnography. While some level of intimacy and affiliation with feminist activists existed, the absence of offline encounters posed challenges to forging friendships; however, this difficulty served as a catalyst for developing an ethical method to navigate relationships with participants and address the limitations of a friendship-based approach. In this article, I propose an alternative approach centred around a fellowship affiliation, approaching other activists as ‘fellows’ in the two Arabic senses of zamāla and rifqa (peer- and comrade-driven) relationships. This shift in the researcher–participant relationship moves away from the intense and demanding nature of the ṣadāqah (friendship) relationship. In doing so, it offers a politically powerful stance and a much-needed critical space for constructive debate while maintaining mutual respect and a shared commitment to the cause. The fellowship-based method necessitates activist transparency and critical allyship dedicated to collaboration and unconventional methods of knowledge co-production, promising solidarity and transcending differences and disagreements. Nonetheless, achieving this can, at times, be challenging. While acknowledging the limitations of the approach, the article recognises that moments of silence or distance can also arise from a sense of activist responsibility and commitment to protecting others.
reclaiming misandry from misogynistic rhetoric
Authors: Hedges Tris
Published: April 2024

In recent years, misogyny has become a central concept in philosophy as well as an established concept in public discourse and political policy. But where is misogyny’s supposed counterpart, namely, misandry? In this article, I argue for an ameliorative analysis of ‘misandry’, arguing that it can be reformulated in an effort to reclaim it from misogynistic weaponisation. The term ‘misandry’ is used almost exclusively as a misogynistic rhetorical device for attributing unjust anger, hatred or other similar emotions to a speaker, thereby undermining their epistemic authority. Rather than dismissing the term as conceptually flawed and politically problematic, I argue that we ought to ameliorate misandry to instead refer to a felt anger, hostility or fear towards the patriarchal social order and its valorisation and/or expression in misogynistic and machismo behaviour. To support these claims, I begin with a discussion of Kate Manne’s analysis of misogyny before reflecting on how this can inform our understanding of misandry. I then demonstrate the various ways in which misandry is rhetorically deployed as a means of silencing speakers who express dissent against the patriarchy. Following this, I argue that we should ameliorate the term, not only to undermine these misogynistic practices but also to articulate a legitimate affective and reactive attitude against the patriarchal imposition of a hierarchical gender binary.
Fault-tolerant control of automatic carrier landing using direct lift control based on nonsingular terminal sliding mode and active disturbance rejection control
Authors: Wu Qilong , Zhu Qidan
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a fault-tolerant control scheme, combining nonsingular terminal sliding mode and active disturbance rejection control (NTSM-ADRC) to address actuator failure and external disturbances during the automatic carrier landing process of a carrier-based aircraft using direct lift control (DLC). First, the carrier-based aircraft model, the carrier air-wake model, and the actuator fault model were established. Second, the NTSM-ADRC controller is designed, The unmodeled dynamics of the system, the air-wake disturbance, and the fault term are treated as total disturbances and estimated accurately by extended state observer (ESO). To improve the response characteristics of the controller, the nonlinear error feedback control law is designed by combining the NTSMC. The Lyapunov function is constructed to prove the stability of the closed-loop system. The controller is applied to the aircraft DLC channel, attitude auxiliary channel, and approach power compensation system. The DLC improves the performance of fixed-wing aircraft by directly generating high lift through the flaps to change the aircraft trajectory. Finally, the method is tested by introducing various types of actuator failures. Simulation results demonstrate that the designed longitudinal fault-tolerant carrier landing system exhibits strong robustness and fault tolerance, thereby improving the accuracy of aircraft landing trajectory tracking.
Cooperative exploration model of coal–Ge deposit: A case study of the Wulantuga coal–Ge deposit in Shengli coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Li Xin , Wei Yingchun , Cao Daiyong , Xu Laixin , Zhang Yun , Wei Jinhao , Dong Bo
Published: April 2024

Germanium (Ge) is an excellent organophilic and dispersed semiconductor resource, which is irreplaceable in emerging industries such as new materials, new energy, aerospace, industrial smelting, national defense, military industry, and modern information technology, it has become an important direction of mineral resources exploration. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out research on the collaborative exploration model of coal and Ge deposits from a technical and economic perspective to lay a theoretical foundation for the collaborative exploration of coal and Ge. In this study, the Wulantuga coal–Ge deposit is taken as an example, according to the distribution characteristics of coal–Ge deposit and the response effect to the exploration technical means, the economical and effective exploration technical means, reasonable exploration project layout and resource estimation parameters of coal–Ge deposit are put forward, and the cooperative exploration mode of coal–Ge deposit is determined, it provides an important scientific basis for improving the strategic coordination ability of Ge mineral resources.
Streptococcal Serology in Children With Stuttering
Authors: Fidan Tulin , Ceyhan Serkan , Fidan Vural
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Stuttering is a pronunciation disorder represented by repetitive perpetuations, duplications, or freezes of spoken words or syllables, as well as nervousness and cognitive shunning. Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS) can lead to pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS). Many case reports have proposed that stuttering is the result of a PANDAS, and that it can be identified together with Tourette syndrome, which shares many clinical characteristics with stuttering. Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between streptococcal serology and stuttering in children. Method: The participants in this study are 26 children who stutter (CWS; mean age = 8.3 + 3.1 years) and 25 children who do not stutter (CWNS; mean age = 9.2 + 2.9 years). Participants were matched in terms of age (±3 months) and gender. We analyzed serum antistreptococcal antibodies [antistreptolysin O (ASO), anti-deoxyribonuclease B (anti-DNase B), and antistreptokinase] in both groups. Results: In the CWS group, ASO, anti-DNase B, and antistreptokinase were significantly higher than in the CWNS group ( P < .0001, P < .0001, P < .0001). Conclusion: The higher serum antistreptococcal antibody amounts in CWS suggest that an increased autoimmune response against GAHBS may be the etiology of childhood stuttering. It has been suggested that CWS should be examined for autoimmune reactions, especially to GAHBS.
The details that matter: Racism in Norwegian media during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Ranji Banafsheh , Archetti Cristina
Published: April 2024

This article is about the role of the media in the phenomenon of contemporary racism. More specifically, it outlines the discursive mechanisms through which insidious, hidden forms of racism are able to exist “invisible in plain sight,” even in the media and public discourse of countries, like Norway, that regard themselves as democratic and tolerant. The study is part of a broader investigation into the role of the media in the life-experience of immigrants. It addresses the question: How did Norwegian media portray immigrants during the Covid-19 pandemic? Based on a discourse analysis of media coverage, the study demonstrates how racism is hidden “between the lines,” in the assumptions behind a text. It also explains how racism is produced and reproduced covertly, yet systematically, through a media text’s small, even “irrelevant”-looking details. The analysis, importantly, reveals the presence of already existing and widely shared racist scripts which, although they became more noticeable during the Covid-19 crisis, actually underlie public- and media discourse at all times. The results of the study, while related to the case of Norway and the pandemic crisis, help us more broadly understand how and why racism, under the shape of “normality,” tends to remain practically unchallenged.
A content analysis of cognitive, emotional, and social development in popular kids’ YouTube
Authors: Choi Yun Jung , Kim Changsook
Published: April 2024

With the explosive growth in time spent on YouTube by babies and toddlers, it’s important to analyze what they’re watching on YouTube. Indexes that evaluate the contents of YouTube channels for infants and toddlers have been developed, but since those were evaluation-based indexes of educators and parents, it is difficult to find out what content children are watching. In this study, the YouTube content that infants mainly watch was content analyzed in three developmental areas: cognition, emotion, and socialization. Specifically, language destruction was analyzed for the cognitive field, verbal and physical violence for the emotional field, and emotional expression, understanding others’ emotions, emotional control, antisocial and prosocial behavior representation, and prosocial expression were analyzed for the socialization. As a result, the emotional index was the highest, and the physical violence index was very low. In general, emotional expression, understanding of others’ emotions, and prosocial behavior, which had a positive effect on early childhood development, were higher than linguistic destruction, verbal violence, and physical violence, which had a negative effect.
Vulnerable self-disclosure co-develops in adolescent friendships: Developmental foundations of emotional intimacy
Authors: Costello Meghan A. , Bailey Natasha A. , Stern Jessica A. , Allen Joseph P.
Published: April 2024

This study examines the development of vulnerable self-disclosure in supportive interactions from ages 13 to 29. A diverse community sample ( N = 184; 85 boys 99 girls; 58% white, 29% Black, 13% other identity groups) participated in annual observed interactions with close friends and romantic partners. Participants were observed as they sought and provided support to their best friends each year from age 13 to 18, and as they sought support from their romantic partners from age 19 to 29. Random intercept cross-lagged panel models were used to parse markers of within-individual change in vulnerable self-disclosure observed annually across ages 13 to 18. A follow-up regression model also investigated cascading associations from vulnerable self-disclosure in adolescent friendships to vulnerable self-disclosure in adult romantic relationships. When adolescents sought support, they demonstrated greater-than-expected increases in self-disclosure each year when their best friends demonstrated relatively high self-disclosure. For girls in this sample, when providing support, they demonstrated greater-than-expected decreases in self-disclosure each year when their best friends demonstrated relatively high self-disclosure. Adolescents whose friends disclosed highly to them also tended to express more vulnerability with romantic partners in adulthood. Post-hoc analyses investigate the role of friendship stability and gender as potential moderators of self-disclosure development. The best friendship, a key source of emotional support, serves as a foundational context for learning appropriate use of vulnerable self-disclosure when seeking and providing emotional support, which persists across time and relationships.
Women in Politics and the Public Sphere: Munich 1918/1919
Authors: Painter Corinne
Published: April 2024

Women have never been passive bystanders to the history being made around them and they have always found ways to contribute to shaping their world. Munich in 1918/1919 provides a useful site to examine women's experiences and roles due to the long-standing involvement of women in the peace movement and welfare work, as well as the foundation of the Bavarian Soviet Republic after the First World War. However, Munich in the early years of the Weimar Republic is most commonly associated with Adolf Hitler's Beer Hall Putsch in 1923, an attempt by right-wing men to seize political power. Moreover, the 1918 revolution is also often told through the lens of male political figures. As a result, politics in the early twentieth century is easy to view as a male-dominated affair with women merely experiencing the effects of male political power. This era, particularly from the perspective of Munich, also becomes viewed through the lens of the rise of fascism, which obscures and distorts the alternative political visions many women held and worked towards. This article centres on women's experiences and roles in politics and the public sphere in revolutionary Munich to ask what opportunities the revolution and its immediate aftermath presented for women and how they were able to influence political decision-making despite huge barriers. Through an understanding of how their world was gendered, their role as political agents comes to the fore.
Acts of Self-Representation: Nazi-Fascist Wartime Cultural Diplomacy
Authors: Stone Marla
Published: April 2024

This article probes culture as a site of both cooperation and rivalry by examining two exhibitions, of 1939 and 1942, which were jointly supported by Hitler's Germany and Mussolini's Italy. These under-researched exhibitions reveal how the two regimes shared a common belief in culture as a tool of mobilization, but differed in their visions of race, culture, ideology and war.
From silent spaces to smart spaces: Leveraging IoT-based innovative services to enhance library system performance using SEM approach
Authors: Khan Asad Ullah , Ma Zhiqiang , Li Mingxing , Zhi Liangze , Wang Yan
Published: April 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a disruptive technology with enormous potential to alter various fields, including libraries. However, research on IoT uptake in libraries still needs to be more extensive, especially in Pakistan. This research aims to fill that vacuum by exploring the variables driving IoT uptake in Pakistani libraries and assessing its effect on library services. A quantitative approach was used, with data collected from Pakistani libraries using a survey technique. The poll specifically addressed librarians and administrators to understand their views on the IoT adoption advantages they see. We designed a theoretical framework combining the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) paradigm and adding two variables: digital transformation and innovativeness. A total of 341 responses were gathered, providing insightful data on the IoT adoption trends in Pakistan. The research examines the connections between numerous variables impacting IoT uptake in libraries using advanced statistical approaches like SmartPLS-based partial least squares structural equation modeling. The findings reveal several vital factors influencing the adoption of IoT in Pakistani libraries. The study emphasizes the significance of solid management practices and the effective use of technology resources in facilitating the successful implementation of the Internet of Things and ensuring enhanced library services. This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing a comprehensive perspective on IoT adoption in Pakistan. It addresses a considerable knowledge deficit regarding the implementation of IoT in libraries, concentrating specifically on the Pakistani view. The findings of this study are beneficial for library professionals, researchers, and policymakers, as they enable them to make informed decisions and drive successful IoT adoption initiatives in Pakistani libraries.
Tribological behaviour of TiAlN and AlCrN coatings on stainless steel
Authors: Dalibon E. L. , Maskavizan A. J. , Brühl S. P.
Published: April 2024

TiAlN and AlCrN coatings are widely used in applications that require high stress resistance. In this work, the tribological behaviour of physical vapour deposition (PVD) TiAlN and AlCrN commercial coatings deposited on AISI martensitic stainless steel is studied. Microstructure of the coatings was analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nanohardness was measured. Pin-on-disk and abrasive wear tests were performed. Adhesion was evaluated using Rockwell C Indentation and scratch test. The thickness of both coatings was approximately 3 µm. AlCrN lost 30 and 10 times less volume than TiAlN in pin-on-disk tests, under low and high loads, respectively. The steady friction coefficient value was also lower. This indicated that the AlCrN coating had a better performance under sliding conditions. On the other hand, the mass loss was similar for both coatings under abrasive wear, even under severe conditions. In the scratch tests, TiAlN coating failed at 60 N load and AlCrN coating at 70 N, the latter showing a higher value of critical load. The deformation was similar for both coatings as it could be observed in the profiles obtained by a mechanical profilometer at 60 N, however, AlCrN did not show film delamination. This enhanced performance can be attributed to higher fracture toughness and load carrying capacity, which not only improved the mechanical properties of the coating but also its adhesion to the stainless-steel substrate.
Ductile–brittle indentation fracture transitions in hard coatings
Authors: Bhattacharyya A. S. , Rajak A.K. , Bhattacharyya K.
Published: April 2024

The article has provided a novel way of finding the probability of fracture ( Pf) based on modifications of some established concepts. It has also discussed ductile to brittle as well as brittle to ductile transitions in the same coating/substrate system subject to differences in crystallisation, indenter sharpness, sliding modes and dislocation kinetics. The indentation positioning and nanocrystalline features cause ambiguity in the results and need meticulous analysis. As a result of increased dislocation movement, the crystalline portions toughened in contrast to the amorphous parts, which were more brittle. The Pf, which varies and reaches a maximum of 52% in the amorphous or near-amorphous area, was calculated using the Weibull distribution. Transitions between ductility and brittleness can be seen in sliding indentations. Evidence of adhesive failure, which required better coating component inspection because it happened significantly earlier, was shown. Finite-element modelling was used to analyse the stress and provide information on dislocation motions and the impact of indenter shape on fracture. The outcomes are advantageous for the production of devices based on nano/micro-electro-mechanical systems.
Creating a Multiply Imputed Value Set for the EQ-5D-5L in Canada: State-Level Misspecification Terms Are Needed to Characterize Parameter Uncertainty Correctly
Authors: Tsui Teresa C. O. , Chan Kelvin K. W. , Xie Feng , Pullenayegum Eleanor M.
Published: April 2024

Background

Parameter uncertainty in EQ-5D-5L value sets often exceeds the instrument’s minimum important difference, yet this is routinely ignored. Multiple imputation (MI) accounts for parameter uncertainty in the value set; however, no valuation study has implemented this methodology. Our objective was to create a Canadian MI value set for the EQ-5D-5L, thus enabling users to account for parameter uncertainty in the value set.

Methods

Using the Canadian EQ-5D-5L valuation study ( N = 1,073), we first refit the original model followed by models with state-level misspecification. Models were compared based on the adequacy of 95% credible interval (CrI) coverage for out-of-sample predictions. Using the best-fitting model, we took 100 draws from the posterior distribution to create 100 imputed value sets. We examined how much the standard error of the estimated mean health utilities increased after accounting for parameter uncertainty in the value set by using the MI and original value sets to score 2 data sets: 1) a sample of 1,208 individuals from the Canadian general public and 2) a sample of 401 women with breast cancer.

Results

The selected model with state-level misspecification outperformed the original model (95% CrI coverage: 94.2% v. 11.6%). We observed wider standard errors for the estimated mean utilities on using the MI value set for both the Canadian general public (MI: 0.0091; original: 0.0035) and patients with breast cancer (MI: 0.0169; original: 0.0066).

Discussion and Conclusions

We provide 1) the first MI value sets for the EQ-5D-5L and 2) code to construct MI value sets while accounting for state-level model misspecification. Our study suggests that ignoring parameter uncertainty in value sets leads to falsely narrow SEs.

Highlights

Value sets for health state utility instruments are estimated subject to parameter uncertainty; this parameter uncertainty may exceed the minimum important difference of the instrument, yet it is not fully captured using current methods. This study creates the first multiply imputed value set for a multiattribute utility instrument, the EQ-5D-5L, to fully capture this parameter uncertainty. We apply the multiply imputed value set to 2 data sets from 1) the Canadian general public and 2) women with invasive breast cancer. Scoring the EQ-5D-5L using a multiply imputed value set led to wider standard error estimates, suggesting that the current practice of ignoring parameter uncertainty in the value set leads to falsely low standard errors. Our work will be of interest to methodologists and developers of the EQ-5D-5L and users of the EQ-5D-5L, such as health economists, researchers, and policy makers.