bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bright Coherent XUV Generation in Microfluidic Glass Devices for Ultrafast X-ray Spectroscopy
Authors: Ciriolo A. G. , Vàzquez R. Martìnez , Crippa G. , Devetta M. , Faccialà D. , Barbato P. , Bariselli F. , Cinquanta E. , Frassetto F. , Frezzotti A. , Poletto L. , Tosa V. , Osellame R. , Stagira S. , Vozzi C.
Published: February 2024

Ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy allows studying light-matter interaction with an unprecedented temporal resolution, with the further advantage of being element-selective and oxidation- and spin-state specific. Here we will discuss the recent developments we implemented toward attosecond X-ray spectroscopy based on tabletop sources, namely a bright XUV source based on high-order harmonic generation in micro-channels and a new beamline for XUV transient absorption spectroscopy experiments up to a few hundred eV.
Retrieving a Complex Molecular Structure from Laser-Induced Electron Diffraction Using Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Xinyao , Amini Kasra , Sanchez Aurelien , Belsa Blanca , Steinle Tobias , Chirvi Katharina , Biegert Jens
Published: February 2024

We image the structure of the complex chiral molecule Fenchone (C10H16O) from laser-induced electron diffraction data by applying a machine learning algorithm with a convolutional neural network (CNN).
Computational Modeling of Ephaptic coupling in Myelinated and Unmyelinated Axon Bundles Using the EMI Framework
Authors: Gatti Alessandro , Nartallo-Kaluarachchi Ramón , Uppal Abhinav , Benedusi Pietro
Published: February 2024

This report examines the Extracellular-Membrane-Intracellular (EMI) framework for modeling action potentials along 3D axons. We investigate the effect of myelination and the potential for ephaptic coupling in this model. Additionally, we assess the convergence and stability of a range of Runge-Kutta time-stepping algorithms on simple geometries with manufactured solutions.We first analyze single axons and the influence of myelin on the speed of action potentials. Then, we use a 3D geometry of nine cylinders to represent an axonal bundle and study the induced potential in the central axon in both myelinated and unmyelinated cases. Finally, we discuss the biological implications of ephaptic coupling and the importance of 3D modeling for precise simulations of spiking neurons.
The Impact of Mechano-Electric Feedback on Drug- and Stretch- Induced Arrhythmia Using a Computational Model of Cardiac Electromechanics
Authors: Asencio Anthony , Buonocunto Melania , Ellis Matthew W , Munthe Karl , Stark Kyle T , Sundnes Joakim , Finsberg Henrik , Arevalo Hermenegild J
Published: February 2024

Mechano-electric feedback (MEF) is thought to be an important factor in the increased arrhythmic risk observed clinically in heart failure and chronic infarct patients. Here, we utilize pathologic stretch as a parameter for investigating the sensitivity of cardiac electrophysiology and mechanics to MEF. To simulate the effects of stretch, we incorporated stretch-activated ion channels (SACs) into a coupled electro-mechanics model based on the well-established O’Hara-Rudy (ORd) (electrophysiology) Land (mechanics) models. We investigated the effect different degrees of stretch had upon electrophysiological parameters such as the action potential duration and calcium transient, as well as functional parameters like force production. We further determined the sensitivity of cardiac cells under stretch to various pro- and anti-arrhythmic drugs to better inform on drug risk classifications and indications. Our results indicate that pathologic stretch may exert a severe pro-arrhythmic effect on cardiac cells, which markedly exacerbates the risk profile of pro-arrhythmic drugs, but one which was mitigated through the action of anti-arrhythmic compounds.
Teilhabebezogene Perspektiven: Wer nutzt das Bildungssystem und welchen Nutzen bietet es?
Authors: van Ackeren-Mindl Isabell , Klemm Klaus , Schmid-Kühn Svenja Mareike
Published: February 2024

Unbeeinflusst von allen Schwankungen der Bildungspolitik ist die Entwicklung der Bildungssysteme nach 1945 in den beiden deutschen Staaten, wenn auch unterschiedlich akzentuiert, durch den Prozess der Bildungsexpansion gekennzeichnet. Dem Satz „Schick Dein Kind länger auf bessere Schulen“, in den sechziger Jahren in der Bundesrepublik plakatiert, folgten Eltern im Osten wie im Westen Deutschlands lange schon, bevor er formuliert war. Dabei zeigen sich bis heute erhebliche Unterschiede zwischen verschiedenen Gruppen an Bildung teilzuhaben.
Problemstellung
Authors: Knoblauch Michael
Published: February 2024

Das Bilanzrecht sorgt nicht nur für die Abbildung wirtschaftlicher Sachverhalte, sondern schafft Anreize zu deren Gestaltung. Zudem ermöglicht erst diese Abbildung die Lösung von Prinzipal-Agent-Problemen, bspw. durch das Anstreben von Informationseffizienz.
Erstes Kapitel: Methodische Grundlagen zur Auslegung des handels- und steuerbilanzrechtlichen Vermögensbegriffs
Authors: Knoblauch Michael
Published: February 2024

Der handelsrechtliche Jahresabschluss ist gemäß § 243 Abs. 1 HGB nach den Grundsätzen ordnungsmäßiger Buchführung aufzustellen. Diese sind als offenes System „sich wechselseitig ergänzender und beschränkender Grundsätze“ zu charakterisieren, mithin als „paradigmatisches System von Rechtsprinzipien, Folgeprinzipien und rechtlichen Einzelnormen“.
Zweites Kapitel: Der Vermögensbegriff im deutschen Bilanzrecht
Authors: Knoblauch Michael
Published: February 2024

Die Interpretation des bilanzrechtlichen Vermögensbegriffs ist geprägt durch die als Erscheinungsform der teleologischen Auslegung verstandene wirtschaftliche Betrachtungsweise.
Thesenförmige Zusammenfassung
Authors: Knoblauch Michael
Published: February 2024

1. Das System der GoB ist grundsätzlich lückenlos: Daher ist für jede neu auftretende Fragestellung eine systemadäquate Lösung aus diesem System ableitbar. So sind etwa – bereits abstrahiert in methodischer Sicht – Zurechnungsfragen im Rahmen von Cum/Ex-Transaktionen aus dem System der GoB heraus lösbar. Die handelsrechtlichen GoB sind aufgrund des Maßgeblichkeitsprinzips Teil des Steuerbilanzrechts.
Electroweak symmetry breaking by gravity
Authors: Shtanov Yuri
Published: February 2024

Abstract

We consider a simple scale-invariant action coupling the Higgs field to the metric scalar curvature R and containing an R2 term that exhibits spontaneous breaking of scale invariance and electroweak symmetry. The coefficient of the R2 term in this case determines the self-coupling of the Higgs boson in the Einstein frame, and the scalaron becomes a dilaton weakly coupled to the Higgs boson. Majorana mass terms for right-handed neutrinos can be generated in a scale-invariant manner by using the Higgs-field invariant; in this case, the existing experimental limits on the Higgs-boson total width rule out Majorana mass values in a certain range. The model inherits the naturalness issues of general relativity connected with the smallness of the gravitational and cosmological constants.
Holographic tensor networks with bulk gauge symmetries
Authors: Dong Xi , McBride Sean , Weng Wayne W.
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Tensor networks are useful toy models for understanding the structure of entanglement in holographic states and reconstruction of bulk operators within the entanglement wedge. They are, however, constrained to only prepare so-called “fixed-area states” with flat entanglement spectra, limiting their utility in understanding general features of holographic entanglement. Here, we overcome this limitation by constructing a variant of random tensor networks that enjoys bulk gauge symmetries. Our model includes a gauge theory on a general graph, whose gauge-invariant states are fed into a random tensor network. We show that the model satisfies the quantum-corrected Ryu-Takayanagi formula with a nontrivial area operator living in the center of a gauge-invariant algebra. We also demonstrate nontrivial, n-dependent contributions to the Rényi entropy and Rényi mutual information from this area operator, a feature shared by general holographic states.
Evolution of colour correlated double parton distributions: a quantitative study
Authors: Diehl Markus , Fabry Florian , Plößl Peter
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Double parton distributions satisfy the same evolution equations as ordinary single-parton densities, provided that the colours of the two partons are uncorrelated. The situation is different for colour correlated parton pairs, where evolution to higher scales results in a suppression by Sudakov double logarithms. We perform a detailed study of evolution for colour correlated double parton distributions, both analytically and numerically, at lowest order and beyond. When the two observed partons originate from the perturbative splitting of a single one, the Sudakov suppression of colour correlations at the cross section level is not as strong as one might expect.
Non-perturbative Symmetries of Little Strings and Affine Quiver Algebras
Authors: Filoche Baptiste , Hohenegger Stefan , Kimura Taro
Published: February 2024

Abstract

We consider Little String Theories (LSTs) that are engineered by N parallel M5-branes probing a transverse ℤM geometry. By exploiting a dual description in terms of F-theory compactified on a toric Calabi-Yau threefold XN,M, we establish numerous symmetries that leave the BPS partition function 𝒵N,M invariant. They furthemore act in a non-perturbative fashion from the point of view of the low energy quiver gauge theory associated with the LST. We present different group theoretical organisations of these symmetries, thereby generalising the results of [1] to the case of generic M ≥ 1. We also provide a Mathematica package that allows to represent them in terms of matrices that act linearly on the Kähler parameters of XN,M. From the perspective of dual realisations of the LSTs the symmetries found here act in highly nontrivial ways: as an example, we consider a formulation of 𝒵N,M in terms of correlation functions of a vertex operator algebra, whose commutation relations are governed by an affine quiver algebra. We show the impact of the symmetry transformations on the latter and discuss invariance of 𝒵N,M from this perspective for concrete examples.
Polyphase stratabound scheelite-ferberite mineralization at Mallnock, Eastern Alps, Austria
Authors: Altenberger Florian , Krause Joachim , Wintzer Niki E. , Iglseder Christoph , Berndt Jasper , Bachmann Kai , Raith Johann G.
Published: February 2024

A peculiar type of stratabound tungsten mineralization in metacarbonate rocks was discovered and explored at Mallnock (Austria) during the late 1980s. It is the only tungsten occurrence in the Eastern Alps in which scheelite is associated with wolframite (96 mol% ferberite). The tungsten prospect is located in the Austroalpine Drauzug-Gurktal Nappe System recording polyphase low-grade regional metamorphism. Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material yield maximum metamorphic temperatures of 296 ± 27 °C and 258 ± 27 °C, which are assigned to Variscan and Eoalpine metamorphism, respectively. Scheelite and ferberite occur as polyphase stockwork-like mineralization in Fe-rich magnesite in the northern ore zone (Mallnock North), whereas in the western ore zone (Mallnock West), scheelite-quartz veinlets are exclusively hosted in dolomitic marbles. LA-ICP-MS analyses of scheelite and ferberite yield low contents of Mo, Nb, Ta, and rare earth elements, but high contents of Na and Sr. Uranium is particularly high in scheelite (up to 200 µg/g) and makes this mineral a suitable target for U–Pb dating. In situ U–Pb dating of scheelite yielded an early Permian age (294 ± 8 Ma) for Mallnock West and a Middle Triassic age (239 ± 3 Ma) for Mallnock North. A monzodioritic dike close to Mallnock yielded a U–Pb apatite date of 282 ± 9 Ma and supports the polyphase formation of this mineralization. The U–Pb scheelite ages indicate that a model for tungsten metallogeny in the Eastern Alps must also consider remobilization of tungsten by metamorphic fluids. In the Alps, the Permian to Triassic period (ca. 290–225 Ma) is characterized by an overall extensional geodynamic setting related to the breakup of Pangea. Lithospheric thinning caused higher heat flow, low-P metamorphism, and anatexis in the lower crust, which led to enhanced crustal fluid flow in the upper crust. These processes were not only responsible for the formation of metasomatic hydrothermal magnesite and siderite deposits in the Eastern Alps but also for this unique magnesite-ferberite-scheelite mineralization at Mallnock.
An integrated CRITIC-COPRAS approach for multi-response optimization on AWJM of hybrid filler–reinforced polymer composite and its surface integrity
Authors: Vijayananth Kavimani , Pudhupalayam Muthukutti Gopal , Keerthiveettil Ramakrishnan Sumesh , Venkatesan Sivamaran , Zhou Wenbin
Published: February 2024

Composites have gained acceptance in an extensive range of applications owing to their unique characteristics. But, machining of these materials is often challenging due to improved bonding between matrix and fibre when fillers are added. Since the machinability is an important aspect for any material for its successful utilization, it is essential to analyse the effect of secondary phase on machinability. However, investigations on the effect of fillers on machinability of polymer composites are minimal. In this research, hybrid fillers, namely boron nitride (BN) and montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay, were added to epoxy/glass fibre composite through compression moulding, in which quantity of MMT is fixed and BN is varied from 2 to 6 wt%. Abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) is a leading method for machining polymer composites in which transverse speed, stand-off distance, pump pressure and filler percentage are key factors and are considered as input variables. To assess the machinability, material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (Ra) and kerf taper (Kt) are chosen as response variables. Experimental planning is done through Taguchi method, and Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC)-weighted Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) technique is utilized for optimization. The results revealed that addition of BN reduces the MRR while it improves the surface finish and reduces the Kt. Transverse speed has the most influence over all the considered output responses, stand-off distance and water pressure mainly affect the MRR and Ra while filler addition mainly affects the Kt. The hybrid CRITIC-COPRAS approach–recommended optimal control factors resulted in 16.20 mm3/min MRR with 0.29° Kt and 3.86 µm Ra. The recommended optical condition can be utilized for effective machining of polymer composite with MMT/BN fillers.

Graphical abstract
Productivity dynamics of work from home: Firm-level evidence from Japan
Authors: Morikawa Masayuki
Published: February 2024

This study documents the changes in work from home (WFH) practices since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic using panel data from original firm surveys in Japan. Particular attention has been given to the productivity dynamics of WFH. The results indicate the following: First, compared to when the first state of emergency was declared in the spring of 2020, at the end of 2021, the ratio of firms utilizing WFH and the intensity of WFH decreased substantially. Second, according to the firms’ evaluations, the mean productivity of WFH improved by more than 10 percentage points, although it was still approximately 20% lower than that of conventional workplaces. The selection effect arising from the exit from this practice among firms with low WFH productivity, and the improvement in productivity among WFH-continuing firms contributed almost equally to the average productivity growth. Third, the majority of firms are planning to discontinue WFH practices and revert to the conventional work style or to reduce WFH intensity after the end of COVID-19, and the gap between firms’ plans and the desire of remote workers is widening.
Low incidence of tumor lysis syndrome in elderly patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with venetoclax under real-world conditions: results from the prospective observational VeRVe study
Authors: Schwaner Ingo , Kuhn Thomas , Losem Christoph , Wolff Thomas , Otremba Burkhard , Zaiss Matthias , Hülsenbeck Johannes , Famulla Kirsten , Nösslinger Thomas , Rossi Davide
Published: February 2024

Venetoclax is active in both frontline and relapsed/refractory settings for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Although the prevalence and severity of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) are well characterized in clinical trials, laboratory and clinical TLS remain relatively unexplored in real-world clinical practice.

In this prospective, real-world observational study, we aimed to determine the incidence and outcomes of TLS in patients with CLL receiving venetoclax outside a clinical trial. The study (VeRVe) was conducted in centers in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland.

Two hundred and thirty-nine patients were treated according to local label with at least one dose of venetoclax. Patient demographics, baseline characteristics, and blood chemistry at baseline were documented, and descriptive statistical analyses were conducted.

Seventy eight patients (33%) were treated with venetoclax monotherapy, 101 (42%) with venetoclax in combination with rituximab and 60 (25%) with venetoclax in combination with obinutuzumab. In all cases, the TLS risk mitigation strategy adhered to the ramp-up protocol. Median age was 73 years and 66% of patients were male. The majority of patients (75%) had relapsed/refractory CLL, 63/192 (32.8%) patients tested had a del(17p) and 93/134 (69.4%) patients tested had unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene (IGHV). Clinical TLS occurred in 5 patients (2.1%) and laboratory TLS occurred in 15 patients (6.3%). Ten patients received specific treatment, of which 6 were hospitalized. There were no deaths due to a TLS event and venetoclax was well-tolerated. Of the 5 clinical TLS events reported, none were fatal or resulted in renal failure (NCT03342144, registered on Nov 10, 2017).
Primary pulmonary myxoid sarcoma with EWSR1::CREB1 fusion: a literature review
Authors: Miao Xinyu , Chen Jing , Yang Lan , Lu Hongyang
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This review primarily aims to review the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, imaging, pathology, immunohistochemistry, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of Primary pulmonary myxoid sarcoma (PPMS) with EWS RNA binding protein 1::cAMP response element binding protein 1 (EWSR1::CREB1) fusion. It provides reference for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Methods

Retrospectively collected the literature about PPMS with EWSR1::CREB1 fusion, its clinical, radiology, histology, molecular characteristics and current treatment strategies were collated and analyzed. This review provides a detailed differential diagnosis of the disease.

Results

PPMS is an exceptionally rare, low-grade malignant tumor of the lung. This tumor commonly infiltrates lung tissue and develops within bronchial passages. It is identified by a genetic rearrangement involving the EWSR1 gene and a distinct chromosomal translocation t(2; 22)(q33; q12). Variants include EWSR1::CREB1 fusion and EWS RNA binding protein 1::activating transcription factors (EWSR1::ATF1) fusion. PPMS with EWSR1::CREB1 fusion is more prevalent among middle-aged individuals and affects both sexes almost equally. Clinical symptoms are relatively non-specific, primarily including cough, hemoptysis, and weight loss. Most patients undergo surgery and experience a favorable prognosis. Further research is required to validate the effectiveness of alternative treatments for PPMS with EWSR1::CREB1 fusion.

Conclusion

EWSR1 rearrangement and EWSR1::CREB1 fusion are crucial genetic features of PPMS and serve as important diagnostic markers. Immunohistochemically, PPMS tests positive for EMA. In terms of treatment, surgery has been the primary approach in recent years. Therefore, the efficacy of other treatments still requires further investigation.
PREF-NET: a patient preference and experience study of lanreotide autogel administered in the home versus hospital setting among patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours in the UK
Authors: Khan Mohid S. , Cook Kathryn , Weickert Martin O. , Davies Louise , Pritchard D. Mark , Day Melissa , Shah Tahir , Hull Diana , Caplin Martyn , Back Melissa , Pommie Christelle , Higgs Kate
Published: February 2024

Purpose

PREF-NET reported patients’ experience of Somatuline® (lanreotide) Autogel® (LAN) administration at home and in hospital among patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NETs).

Methods

PREF-NET was a multicentre, cross-sectional study of UK adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with GEP-NETs receiving a stable dose of LAN, which comprised of (1) a quantitative online survey, and (2) qualitative semi-structured interviews conducted with a subgroup of survey respondents. The primary objective was the description of overall patient preference for home versus hospital administration of LAN. Secondary objectives included describing patient-reported opinions on the experience and associated preference for each administration setting, and the impact on healthcare utilisation, societal cost, activities of daily living and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Results

In the primary analysis (80 patients; mean age 63.9 years), 98.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 96.1–100.0) of patients preferred to receive LAN at home, compared with 1.3% (95% CI: 0.0–3.9) who preferred the hospital setting. Among participants, over half (60.3%) received their injection from a non-healthcare professional. Most patients (79.5% [95% CI: 70.5–88.4]) reported a positive effect on HRQoL after the switch from hospital to home administration. Qualitative interviews (20 patients; mean age 63.6 years) highlighted that patients preferred home administration because it improved overall convenience; saved time and costs; made them feel more comfortable and relaxed, and less stressed; and increased confidence in their ability to self-manage their treatment.

Conclusion

Almost all patients preferred to receive LAN treatment at home rather than in hospital with increased convenience and psychological benefits reported as key reasons for this preference.
Surgical and conservative treatment outcomes of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw located at tori: a retrospective study
Authors: Amin Hameda , Andersen Sanne Werner Moeller , Jensen Simon Storgård , Kofod Thomas
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Tori and exostoses are considered risk factors for the development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). The aims of this study were to present the prevalence of MRONJ located at tori in the Copenhagen ONJ Cohort, evaluate the surgical treatment of MRONJ located at tori and explore trauma to tori as an additional risk factor in patients on antiresorptive medication.

Methods

Data from a consecutive series of 506 patients with MRONJ (Copenhagen ONJ Cohort) were reviewed for the presence of tori and MRONJ located at tori. Demographic and medical data were analyzed, and healing outcomes and pain after the prophylactic removal of tori, surgical treatment of MRONJ located at tori, and conservative treatment of MRONJ located at tori were evaluated and compared using Fisher’s exact test.

Results

MRONJ located at tori was frequent and could be identified in 53% of the patients with tori, which accounts for a prevalence of 5.1% in the entire cohort. Of the 28 surgically treated patients, 27 (96.4%) healed uneventfully with no exposed bone after their first or second revision surgery. Fourteen (41.2%) patients with tori underwent therapeutic removal, eight (23.5%) underwent prophylactic removal, and six (17.6%) underwent both therapeutic and prophylactic removals. Two (33.3%) of the six conservatively treated patients healed spontaneously. Both treatment types resulted in a significant decrease in pain.

Conclusion

Prophylactic and therapeutic surgical removal of tori are reliable treatments and should be considered if a patient’s general health allows surgery.

Trial registration

The study was approved by the Regional Scientific Ethical Committee (H-6–2013-010) on November 20, 2013, and was retrospectively registered.
Relictithismia kimotsukiensis, a new genus and species of Thismiaceae from southern Japan with discussions on its phylogenetic relationship
Authors: Suetsugu Kenji , Nakamura Yasunori , Nakano Takafumi , Tagane Shuichiro
Published: February 2024

The family Thismiaceae, known as “fairy lanterns” for their urn- or bell-shaped flowers with basally fused tepals, consists of non-photosynthetic flowering monocots mainly in tropical regions, extending into subtropical and temperate areas. Here, we propose a new mycoheterotrophic genus, Relictithismia Suetsugu & Tagane (Thismiaceae), with its monotypic species Relictithismia kimotsukiensis Suetsugu, Yas.Nakam. & Tagane from Kimotsuki Mountains in the Osumi Peninsula, Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyushu Island, southern Japan. Relictithismia resembles Haplothismia Airy Shaw in having a cluster of tuberous roots, a feature previously observed only in this genus within the family Thismiaceae. However, it differs in having solitary flowers (vs. 2–6-flowered pseudo-raceme in Haplothismia), anther thecae largely separated (vs. connate), and the presence of an annulus (vs. absent). Additionally, Relictithismia differs from the geographically overlapping genus Thismia Griff. in its stamen structure and the position of the annulus. In Relictithismia, the stamens lack connectives, and its free filaments arise from the annulus located inside the perianth mouth, while in Thismia, the stamens typically have connate connectives, forming a staminal tube pendulous from the annulus located at the mouth of the floral tube. Our morphological and phylogenetic data indicated that R. kimotsukiensis holds an early-diverging position within the family, situated outside the Old World Thismia clade. This paper offers an extensive description and color photographs of R. kimotsukiensis, complemented by notes on its phylogenetic relationship and evolutionary history.
Chronic exercise and neuropsychological function in healthy young adults: a randomised controlled trial investigating a running intervention
Authors: Alexander Mhairi , Machado Liana
Published: February 2024

Despite the well-known physical and mental health benefits of regular exercise, many of the world’s population, including healthy young adults, grossly undershoot recommended physical activity levels. Chronic exercise has potential to improve cognitive performance and affect in most age groups. However, there is currently a poverty of relevant research in young adults, especially randomised controlled trials. To address this, the current research investigated the effects of a running intervention on neuropsychological function (cognition and affect) in young adults. We predicted that following a running intervention, neuropsychological performance would improve alongside increases in aerobic fitness. Thirty-two healthy young adult university students were randomised (using a 3:1 ratio) into an intervention or control group, with the intervention group (n = 24) asked to run for 30 min three times a week over a 6-week period and the control group (n = 8) asked to maintain their current level of exercise over a 6-week period. We assessed fitness, cognitive performance, affect and running enjoyment at baseline and follow-up, and runners recorded the environmental conditions of their runs. Repeated measures ANCOVAs failed to find any significant effects of the running intervention on fitness or the neuropsychological measures. Anecdotal evidence supported running environment and enjoyment as potentially relevant factors. The failure to find any fitness improvements, which likely underpins the lack of neuropsychological improvements, highlights the importance of monitoring exercise sessions. Coupled with other insights gained from this trial, this article may prove useful towards future endeavours to develop exercise interventions beneficial to young adults.

TRN: ACTRN12621000242820, Date of registration: 08/03/2021.
Muscle Morphology Does Not Solely Determine Knee Flexion Weakness After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with a Semitendinosus Tendon Graft: A Combined Experimental and Computational Modeling Study
Authors: Kositsky Adam , Stenroth Lauri , Barrett Rod S. , Korhonen Rami K. , Vertullo Christopher J. , Diamond Laura E. , Saxby David J.
Published: February 2024

The distal semitendinosus tendon is commonly harvested for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, inducing substantial morbidity at the knee. The aim of this study was to probe how morphological changes of the semitendinosus muscle after harvest of its distal tendon for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction affects knee flexion strength and whether the knee flexor synergists can compensate for the knee flexion weakness. Ten participants 8–18 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with an ipsilateral distal semitendinosus tendon autograft performed isometric knee flexion strength testing (15°, 45°, 60°, and 90°; 0° = knee extension) positioned prone on an isokinetic dynamometer. Morphological parameters extracted from magnetic resonance images were used to inform a musculoskeletal model. Knee flexion moments estimated by the model were then compared with those measured experimentally at each knee angle position. A statistically significant between-leg difference in experimentally-measured maximal isometric strength was found at 60° and 90°, but not 15° or 45°, of knee flexion. The musculoskeletal model matched the between-leg differences observed in experimental knee flexion moments at 15° and 45° but did not well estimate between-leg differences with a more flexed knee, particularly at 90°. Further, the knee flexor synergists could not physiologically compensate for weakness in deep knee flexion. These results suggest additional factors other than knee flexor muscle morphology play a role in knee flexion weakness following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a distal semitendinosus tendon graft and thus more work at neural and microscopic levels is required for informing treatment and rehabilitation in this demographic.
Frontiers and trends of supply chain optimization in the age of industry 4.0: an operations research perspective
Authors: Xu Zhitao , Elomri Adel , Baldacci Roberto , Kerbache Laoucine , Wu Zhenyong
Published: February 2024

Industrial 4.0 (I4.0) is believed to revolutionize supply chain (SC) management and the articles in this domain have experienced remarkable increments in recent years. However, the existing insights are scattered over different sub-topics and most of the existing review papers have ignored the underground decision-making process using OR methods. This paper aims to depict the current state of the art of the articles on SC optimization in I4.0 and identify the frontiers and limitations as well as the promising research avenue in this arena. In this study, the systematic literature review methodology combined with the content analysis is adopted to survey the literature between 2013 and 2022. It contributes to the literature by identifying the four OR innovations to typify the recent advances in SC optimization: new modeling conditions, new inputs, new decisions, and new algorithms. Furthermore, we recommend four promising research avenues in this interplay: (1) incorporating new decisions relevant to data-enabled SC decisions, (2) developing data-enabled modeling approaches, (3) preprocessing parameters, and (4) developing data-enabled algorithms. Scholars can take this investigation as a means to ignite collaborative research that tackles the emerging problems in business, whereas practitioners can glean a better understanding of how to employ their OR experts to support digital SC decision-making.
Development of a core outcome set for breast cancer-related lymphedema: a Delphi study
Authors: Doubblestein David , Koehler Linda , Anderson Elizabeth , Scheiman Nicole , Stewart Paula , Schaverien Mark , Armer Jane
Published: February 2024

Purpose

For breast cancer survivors (BCS) living with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL), what outcome domains (OD) should be measured to assess the burden of the disease and efficacy of interventions? A Core Outcome Set (COS) that promotes standardized measurement of outcomes within the constraints of time influenced by work environments is essential for patients and the multidisciplinary professionals that manage and research BCRL.

Methods

Using Delphi methodology, a multidisciplinary group of BCRL experts (physical and occupational therapists, physicians, researchers, physical therapist assistants, nurses, and massage therapist) completed two waves of online surveys. BCRL expert respondents that completed the first survey (n = 78) had an average of 26.5 years in practice, whereas, respondents who completed the second survey (n = 33) had an average of 24.9 years. ODs were included in the COS when consensus thresholds, ranging from 70% to 80%, were met.

Results

A total of 12 ODs made up the COS. Reaching a minimum consensus of 70%; volume, tissue consistency, pain, patient-reported upper quadrant function, patient-reported health-related quality of life, and upper extremity activity and motor control were recommended at different phases of the BCRL continuum in a time-constrained environment. Joint function, flexibility, strength, sensation, mobility and balance, and fatigue met an 80% consensus to be added when time and resources were not constrained.

Conclusion

The COS developed in this study thoroughly captures the burden of BCRL. Using this COS may reduce selective reporting, inconsistency in clinical use, and variability of reporting across interdisciplinary healthcare fields, which manage or research BCRL.
Separate But Equal: Is Segregated Schooling (Still) Good for Girls?
Authors: Dustin Moira , Malleson Kate
Published: February 2024

The UK’s Equality legislation prohibits formal segregation with limited exemptions. Single-sex schools are one such exemption. No rationale for this was provided at the time of the legislation, and it was not until 2017 in the case of Al Hijrah that the question arose of whether and when sex-segregation in schools is lawful. We take up this question, reviewing the equality costs and benefits of sex-segregated schools conceptually and empirically. We highlight the incoherence of equality law regarding schools, and the limited evidence of their benefits. Drawing on feminist theory, we recommend improvements that may be useful in future cases where sex-segregation is contested in the context of faith-based schools. Lastly, we note that these legal questions may one day be challenged by a deeper source of instability if there is a breakdown in the binary sex categories on which sex-segregation in schools currently depends.
Paranoia and Data-Gathering Biases in Autism
Authors: Bennert Kristina , Brosnan Mark , Canning Amy , Roberts Ged , Russell Ailsa
Published: February 2024

Previous research has identified contradictory patterns in autism upon probabilistic reasoning tasks, and high levels of self-report paranoia symptoms have also been reported. To explore this relationship, the present study assessed 64 non-autistic and 39 autistic adults on two variants of a probabilistic reasoning task which examined the amount of evidence required before making a decision and ‘jumping to conclusions’ (a neutral beads task and an emotionally-salient words variant). The autism group was found to require significantly more evidence before making a decision and to have significantly less jumping to conclusions than the non-autistic group. For those with relatively low levels of paranoia, the emotionally-salient variant impacted on the non-autistic group, but not the autism group.
Towards a knowledge graph framework for ad hoc analysis in manufacturing
Authors: Meyers Bart , Vangheluwe Hans , Lietaert Pieter , Vanderhulst Geert , Van Noten Johan , Schaffers Michel , Maes Davy , Gadeyne Klaas
Published: February 2024

The development of artificial intelligence models for data driven decision making has a lot of potential for the manufacturing sector. Nevertheless, applications in industry are currently limited to the actionable insights one can discover from the available data and knowledge of a manufacturing system. We call the process to obtain such insights “ad hoc analysis”. Ad hoc analysis at system level is very complex in an industrial setting due to the inherent heterogeneity of data and existence of data silos, the lack of information and knowledge formalization, and the inability to meaningfully and efficiently reason about the data, information and knowledge. In this paper, we provide and outline a framework for ad hoc analysis in manufacturing based on knowledge graphs and influenced by the metamodelling paradigm. We derive its requirements and key elements from an analysis of several industry application cases. We show how manufacturing data, information and knowledge can be combined and made actionable using this framework. The framework supports workflows and tools for the data consumer (i.e., data scientist), and for the knowledge engineer. Furthermore, we show how the framework is integrated with existing data sources. Then, we discuss how we applied the framework to several application cases. We discuss how the framework contributes when applied, and what challenges still remain.
Riesz Networks: Scale-Invariant Neural Networks in a Single Forward Pass
Authors: Barisin Tin , Schladitz Katja , Redenbach Claudia
Published: February 2024

Scale invariance of an algorithm refers to its ability to treat objects equally independently of their size. For neural networks, scale invariance is typically achieved by data augmentation. However, when presented with a scale far outside the range covered by the training set, neural networks may fail to generalize. Here, we introduce the Riesz network, a novel scale- invariant neural network. Instead of standard 2d or 3d convolutions for combining spatial information, the Riesz network is based on the Riesz transform which is a scale-equivariant operation. As a consequence, this network naturally generalizes to unseen or even arbitrary scales in a single forward pass. As an application example, we consider detecting and segmenting cracks in tomographic images of concrete. In this context, ‘scale’ refers to the crack thickness which may vary strongly even within the same sample. To prove its scale invariance, the Riesz network is trained on one fixed crack width. We then validate its performance in segmenting simulated and real tomographic images featuring a wide range of crack widths. An additional experiment is carried out on the MNIST Large Scale data set.
Combining enactivism and systemic functional linguistics: a methodology for examining (mathematics teacher educator) language
Authors: Helliwell Tracy , Ebbelind Andreas
Published: February 2024

As mathematics teacher educators (MTEs), we are motivated by the lack of research concerning the language that MTEs use in initial teacher education settings. In this paper, we turn our attention towards developing a methodological approach to studying the language-in-use during teacher education situations, with a specific focus on the language of the MTE in the form of a monologue. The methodological approach that we present draws upon two theoretical perspectives, specifically, the situated cognition theory of enactivism and the social semiotic perspective of systemic functional linguistics (SFL). To develop this methodology, we explore both of these theoretical perspectives, focussing on their respective conceptualisations of language, from which we derive a set of methodological principles and practices. A significant feature of the methodology presented in this paper, is that it takes into account the researchers’ relationships with the subject of research. Thus we propose this methodology as being of particular significance to practitioner–researchers studying the language of other practitioners within the same field (e.g. MTEs studying the language of other MTEs), as well as to the study of one’s own use of language in mathematics education settings. From our methodological perspective we explore the meaning of quality research, proposing relevant criteria. We exemplify the methodological principles and practices by analysing a transcript of a mathematics teacher education lecture for prospective primary teachers in Sweden.
Job polarisation and household borrowing
Authors: Cantarella Michele , Kavonius Ilja Kristian
Published: February 2024

The last few decades have seen transformative changes to the structure of employment, which have led to a deterioration in demand for middle-skill occupations, a process known as job polarisation. As demand for middle-skill workers shrinks, expectations about households’ income through their lifetime horizon must be adjusted. It is possible that these expectations loop back into the credit system and affect the lending behaviour of credit institutions or that they impact households’ self-assessment of their opportunities to borrow money. In this paper we study how the process of job polarisation affects credit demand and supply, studying its relationship with credit constraint and credit quality.
A nonlinear analysis of a Duffing oscillator with a nonlinear electromagnetic vibration absorber–inerter for concurrent vibration mitigation and energy harvesting
Authors: Kakou Paul , Gupta Sunit Kumar , Barry Oumar
Published: February 2024

Several investigators have taken advantage of electromagnetic shunt-tuned mass dampers to achieve concurrent vibration mitigation and energy harvesting. For nonlinear structures such as the Duffing oscillator, it has been shown that the novel nonlinear electromagnetic resonant shunt-tuned mass damper inerter (NERS-TMDI) can mitigate vibration and extract energy for a wider range of frequencies and forcing amplitudes when compared to competing technologies. However, nonlinear systems such as the NERS-TMDI are known to exhibit complex stability behavior, which can strongly influence their performance in simultaneous vibration control and energy harvesting. To address this problem, this paper conducts a global stability analysis of the novel NERS-TMDI using three approaches: the multi-parametric recursive continuationWe emphasize that these assume method, Floquet theory, and Lyapunov exponents. A comprehensive parametric analysis is also performed to evaluate the impact of key design parameters on the global stability of the system. The outcome indicates the existence of complex nonlinear behavior, such as detached resonance curves, and the transition of periodic stable solutions to chaotic solutions. Additionally, a parametric study demonstrates that the nonlinear stiffness has a minimal impact on the linear stability of the system but can significantly impact the nonlinear stability performance, while the transducer coefficient has an impact on the linear and nonlinear stability NERS-TMDI. Finally, the global sensitivity analysis is performed relative to system parameters to quantify the impact of uncertainty in system parameters on the dynamics. Overall, our findings show that simultaneous vibration control and energy harvesting come with a considerable instability trade-off that limits the range of operation of the NERS-TMDI.
The Biases in Applying Static Demand Models Under Dynamic Demand
Authors: Fukasawa Takeshi
Published: February 2024

This article investigates the mechanisms that underlie the biases in price elasticities of demand in applying static demand models under dynamic demand, which have been pointed out by previous empirical studies. It studies three sources of biases: disregard of state variables (affecting short-run elasticity); inconsistent utility parameter estimates; and changing expectations of consumers (affecting long-run elasticity). Disregard of state variables, such as durable product holdings, which is not negligible but not paid much attention to in the literature, leads to an overestimate of short-run own elasticities. Inconsistent utility parameter estimates arises due to the failure to account for consumers’ future expectations and unobserved state variables. Changing expectations of consumers are not explicitly specified in the static model, and this also leads to biased results when applying static models. Regarding the magnitude of the biases, the first and the third sources of biases might induce large biases in price elasticities, especially when the focus is on the large conditional choice probability products. Possible remedies for the use of static demand models are also discussed.
Systemic Powers, Institutionalized Thinking and Situated Knowledge: A Qualitative Exploration on the Meanings of ‘Menstruation’ and ‘Menstrual Health’ in Spain
Authors: Medina-Perucha Laura , Jacques-Aviñó Constanza , Holst Anna Sofie , Valls-Llobet Carme , Pinzón-Sanabria Diana , García-Egea Andrea , Martínez-Bueno Cristina , Berenguera Anna
Published: February 2024

Menstrual imagery and embodied menstrual experiences are greatly modulated by androcentric biomedical systems. Given that menstruating is not only a biological phenomenon but also a sociocultural and political action, women and people who menstruate (PWM) must actively participate in redefining how menstruation and menstrual health are understood and addressed. Taking a situated knowledge perspective, this study aims to investigate how women and PWM conceptualize menstruation and menstrual health in the Barcelona area (Spain), to offer a critical reflection on how social meanings of menstruation and menstrual health may be embodied and shape the menstrual experiences of women and PWM in our context. A qualitative study with 31 women and 3 PWM was conducted, using semi-structured photo-elicitation interviews and framework analysis. Menstruation was often perceived and experienced as a burden, as it was seen as intrinsically linked to identity and stereotyped femininity. Menstrual health was strongly framed within a biomedical and androcentric lens. At the same time, some participants took a critical stance, highlighting the importance of body literacy and self-care. Definitions of menstruation and menstrual health should take into account how women and PWM experience and embody menstruation, to promote menstrual education and health in a way that responds to the needs of women and PWM. Challenging institutionalized ideas about menstruation could also support community-based actions and transform menstrual policymaking into participatory processes.