bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A strong fracture-resistant high-entropy alloy with nano-bridged honeycomb microstructure intrinsically toughened by 3D-printing
Authors: Kumar Punit , Huang Sheng , Cook David H. , Chen Kai , Ramamurty Upadrasta , Tan Xipeng , Ritchie Robert O.
Published: January 2024

Strengthening materials via conventional “top-down” processes generally involves restricting dislocation movement by precipitation or grain refinement, which invariably restricts the movement of dislocations away from, or towards, a crack tip, thereby severely compromising their fracture resistance. In the present study, a high-entropy alloy Al0.5CrCoFeNi is produced by the laser powder-bed fusion process, a “bottom-up” additive manufacturing process similar to how nature builds structures, with the microstructure resembling a nano-bridged honeycomb structure consisting of a face-centered cubic (fcc) matrix and an interwoven hexagonal net of an ordered body-centered cubic B2 phase. While the B2 phase, combined with high-dislocation density and solid-solution strengthening, provides strength to the material, the nano-bridges of dislocations connecting the fcc cells, i.e., the channels between the B2 phase on the cell boundaries, provide highways for dislocation movement away from the crack tip. Consequently, the nature-inspired microstructure imparts the material with an excellent combination of strength and toughness.
PRL2 regulates neutrophil extracellular trap formation which contributes to severe malaria and acute lung injury
Authors: Du Xinyue , Ren Baiyang , Li Chang , Li Qi , Kan Shuo , Wang Xin , Bai Wenjuan , Wu Chenyun , Kassegne Kokouvi , Yan Huibo , Niu Xiaoyin , Yan Min , Xu Wenyue , Wassmer Samuel C. , Wang Jing , Chen Guangjie , Wang Zhaojun
Published: January 2024

Excessive host immune responses contribute to severe malaria with high mortality. Here, we show that PRL2 in innate immune cells is highly related to experimental malaria disease progression, especially the development of murine severe malaria. In the absence of PRL2 in myeloid cells, Plasmodium berghei infection results in augmented lung injury, leading to significantly increased mortality. Intravital imaging revealed greater neutrophilic inflammation and NET formation in the lungs of PRL2 myeloid conditional knockout mice. Depletion of neutrophils prior to the onset of severe disease protected mice from NETs associated lung injury, and eliminated the difference between WT and PRL2 CKO mice. PRL2 regulates neutrophil activation and NET accumulation via the Rac-ROS pathway, thus contributing to NETs associated ALI. Hydroxychloroquine, an inhibitor of PRL2 degradation alleviates NETs associated tissue damage in vivo. Our findings suggest that PRL2 serves as an indicator of progression to severe malaria and ALI. In addition, our study indicated the importance of PRL2 in NET formation and tissue injury. It might open a promising path for adjunctive treatment of NET-associated disease.
Unraveling the epigenetic code: human kidney DNA methylation and chromatin dynamics in renal disease development
Authors: Yan Yu , Liu Hongbo , Abedini Amin , Sheng Xin , Palmer Matthew , Li Hongzhe , Susztak Katalin
Published: January 2024

Epigenetic changes may fill a critical gap in our understanding of kidney disease development, as they not only reflect metabolic changes but are also preserved and transmitted during cell division. We conducted a genome-wide cytosine methylation analysis of 399 human kidney samples, along with single-nuclear open chromatin analysis on over 60,000 cells from 14 subjects, including controls, and diabetes and hypertension attributed chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. We identified and validated differentially methylated positions associated with disease states, and discovered that nearly 30% of these alterations were influenced by underlying genetic variations, including variants known to be associated with kidney disease in genome-wide association studies. We also identified regions showing both methylation and open chromatin changes. These changes in methylation and open chromatin significantly associated gene expression changes, most notably those playing role in metabolism and expressed in proximal tubules. Our study further demonstrated that methylation risk scores (MRS) can improve disease state annotation and prediction of kidney disease development. Collectively, our results suggest a causal relationship between epigenetic changes and kidney disease pathogenesis, thereby providing potential pathways for the development of novel risk stratification methods.
A hybridization of evolution strategies with iterated greedy algorithm for no-wait flow shop scheduling problems
Authors: Khurshid Bilal , Maqsood Shahid , Khurshid Yahya , Naeem Khawar , Khalid Qazi Salman
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the no-wait flow shop scheduling problem and proposes a hybrid (HES-IG) algorithm that utilizes makespan as the objective function. To address the complexity of this NP-hard problem, the HES-IG algorithm combines evolution strategies (ES) and iterated greedy (IG) algorithm, as hybridizing algorithms helps different algorithms mitigate their weaknesses and leverage their respective strengths. The ES algorithm begins with a random initial solution and uses an insertion mutation to optimize the solution. Reproduction is carried out using (1 + 5)-ES, generating five offspring from one parent randomly. The selection process employs (µ + λ)-ES, allowing excellent parent solutions to survive multiple generations until a better offspring surpasses them. The IG algorithm’s straightforward search mechanism aids in further improving the solution and avoiding local minima. The destruction operator randomly removes d-jobs, which are then inserted one by one using a construction operator. The local search operator employs a single insertion approach, while the acceptance–rejection criteria are based on a constant temperature. Parameters of both ES and IG algorithms are calibrated using the Multifactor analysis of variance technique. The performance of the HES-IG algorithm is calibrated with other algorithms using the Wilcoxon signed test. The HES-IG algorithm is tested on 21 Nos. Reeves and 30 Nos. Taillard benchmark problems. The HES-IG algorithm has found 15 lower bound values for Reeves benchmark problems. Similarly, the HES-IG algorithm has found 30 lower bound values for the Taillard benchmark problems. Computational results indicate that the HES-IG algorithm outperforms other available techniques in the literature for all problem sizes.
Identifying key players in dark web marketplaces through Bitcoin transaction networks
Authors: dos Reis Elohim Fonseca , Teytelboym Alexander , ElBahrawy Abeer , De Loizaga Ignacio , Baronchelli Andrea
Published: January 2024

Dark web marketplaces have been a significant outlet for illicit trade, serving millions of users worldwide for over a decade. However, not all users are the same. This paper aims to identify the key players in Bitcoin transaction networks linked to dark markets and assess their role by analysing a dataset of 40 million Bitcoin transactions involving the 31 major markets in the period 2011–2021. First, we propose an algorithm that categorizes users either as buyers or sellers, and show that a large fraction of the trading volume is concentrated in a small group of elite market participants. We find that the dominance of markets is reflected in trading properties of buyers and sellers. Then, we investigate both market star-graphs and user-to-user networks, and highlight the importance of a new class of users, namely ‘multihomers’, who operate on multiple marketplaces concurrently. Specifically, we show how the networks of multihomers and seller-to-seller interactions can shed light on the resilience of the dark market ecosystem against external shocks. Our findings suggest that understanding the behavior of key players in dark web marketplaces is critical to effectively disrupting illegal activities.
Integration-free induced pluripotent stem cells from three endangered Southeast Asian non-human primate species
Authors: Bao Qiuye , Tay Nicole Liling , Lim Christina Yingyan , Chua Delia Hwee Hoon , Kee Su Keyau , Choolani Mahesh , Loh Yuin-Han , Ng Soon Chye , Chai Chou
Published: January 2024

Advanced molecular and cellular technologies provide promising tools for wildlife and biodiversity conservation. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology offers an easily accessible and infinite source of pluripotent stem cells, and have been derived from many threatened wildlife species. This paper describes the first successful integration-free reprogramming of adult somatic cells to iPSCs, and their differentiation, from three endangered Southeast Asian primates: the Celebes Crested Macaque (Macaca nigra), the Lar Gibbon (Hylobates lar), and the Siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus). iPSCs were also generated from the Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus). Differences in mechanisms could elicit new discoveries regarding primate evolution and development. iPSCs from endangered species provides a safety net in conservation efforts and allows for sustainable sampling for research and conservation, all while providing a platform for the development of further in vitro models of disease.
Fish diversity and selection of taxa for conservation in the Salween and Irrawaddy Rivers, Southeast Asia
Authors: Zhou W. , Li X.
Published: January 2024

Species diversity indices provide quantitative data for understanding the variations and trends in fish species diversity, as well as information on species richness and evenness. However, these diversity indices do not reflect differences in specific taxa, which can be of importance as key conservation targets, especially during the planning and construction of protected areas. In this study, simultaneously combining our improved traditional fish fauna analysis (TFFA) with the value of fish fauna presence (VFFP) methods, we studied fish diversity in the Salween and Irrawaddy basins. The results of the TFFA reflected the families (subfamilies) and genera that constitute the main body of fish diversity in the river basins. The results of the VFFP assessment showed which families (subfamilies) and genera were representative of certain characteristics in the basins. The VFFP scores of genera could be used as indicator indices and as priority taxa in the planning and construction of fish resource reserves. In this paper, we propose for the first time that the role and status of monotypic genera (genera comprising only a single species) in the conservation of fish diversity should not be ignored, and they should rather be a priority for protection.
NLP-based tools for localization of the epileptogenic zone in patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy
Authors: Mora Sara , Turrisi Rosanna , Chiarella Lorenzo , Consales Alessandro , Tassi Laura , Mai Roberto , Nobili Lino , Barla Annalisa , Arnulfo Gabriele
Published: January 2024

Epilepsy surgery is an option for people with focal onset drug-resistant (DR) seizures but a delayed or incorrect diagnosis of epileptogenic zone (EZ) location limits its efficacy. Seizure semiological manifestations and their chronological appearance contain valuable information on the putative EZ location but their interpretation relies on extensive experience. The aim of our work is to support the localization of EZ in DR patients automatically analyzing the semiological description of seizures contained in video-EEG reports. Our sample is composed of 536 descriptions of seizures extracted from Electronic Medical Records of 122 patients. We devised numerical representations of anamnestic records and seizures descriptions, exploiting Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, and used them to feed Machine Learning (ML) models. We performed three binary classification tasks: localizing the EZ in the right or left hemisphere, temporal or extra-temporal, and frontal or posterior regions. Our computational pipeline reached performances above 70% in all tasks. These results show that NLP-based numerical representation combined with ML-based classification models may help in localizing the origin of the seizures relying only on seizures-related semiological text data alone. Accurate early recognition of EZ could enable a more appropriate patient management and a faster access to epilepsy surgery to potential candidates.
Comparative evaluation of mechanical injury methods for establishing stable tracheal stenosis animal models
Authors: Lin Hongbin , Ainiwaer Mailudan , Jiang Zheng , Wang Zhenyan , Liu Jun , Chen Fei
Published: January 2024

The study aimed to assess the stability of various mechanical injury techniques in creating tracheal stenosis animal models using endoscopic assistance and investigate the viability of tracheal stoma in this process. Twenty-six healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to an experimental and control group. The experimental group underwent tracheal incision followed by steel brush scraping with endoscopic assistance, while the control group received nylon brush scraping. Within the control group, two subgroups were formed: Group A underwent scraping without tracheal stoma, and Group B underwent scraping followed by tracheal stoma. Additionally, a sham operation was performed on a separate group without subsequent scratching, resulting in no stenosis formation. Endoscopic observations were conducted at 7, 14, and 21 days post-scraping, followed by histological examinations of euthanized rabbits on the 21st day. Notably, all rabbits in the non-stoma group survived without complications, whereas Group B rabbits faced mortality post-operation. Histological assessments revealed inflammatory cell infiltration, fibroblast proliferation, and collagen fiber deposition in narrowed tracheal specimens. Steel brush scraping with endoscopic assistance proved more effective in inducing stable tracheal stenosis compared to nylon brush scraping. However, the survival challenges of rabbits with tracheal fistula require further investigation.
Action-outcome delays modulate the temporal expansion of intended outcomes
Authors: Donapati Rohan R. , Shukla Anuj , Bapi Raju S.
Published: January 2024

The phenomenon of intentional binding pertains to the perceived connection between a voluntary action and its anticipated result. When an individual intends an outcome, it appears to subjectively extend in time due to a pre-activation of the intended result, particularly evident at shorter action-outcome delays. However, there is a concern that the operationalisation of intention might have led to a mixed interpretation of the outcome expansion attributed to the pre-activation of intention, given the sensitivity of time perception and intentional binding to external cues that could accelerate the realisation of expectations. To investigate the expansion dynamics of an intended outcome, we employed a modified version of the temporal bisection task in two experiments. Experiment 1 considered the action-outcome delay as a within-subject factor, while experiment 2 treated it as a between-subject factor. The results revealed that the temporal expansion of an intended outcome was only evident under the longer action-outcome delay condition. We attribute this observation to working memory demands and attentional allocation due to temporal relevancy and not due to pre-activation. The discrepancy in effects across studies is explained by operationalising different components of the intentional binding effect, guided by the cue integration theory. Moreover, we discussed speculative ideas regarding the involvement of specific intentions based on the proximal intent distal intent (PIDI) theory and whether causality plays a role in temporal binding. Our study contributes to the understanding of how intention influences time perception and sheds light on how various methodological factors, cues, and delays can impact the dynamics of temporal expansion associated with an intended outcome.
Exploring the role of country-level gender equality in the link between relationship status and perceived social support across 49 countries
Authors: Łyś Agnieszka E. , Adamczyk Katarzyna
Published: January 2024

Past studies have demonstrated that higher perceived social support among coupled individuals and greater gender equality foster a more supportive social context. Less is known about how the link between relationship status and perceived social support may vary across countries that differ in gender equality. Employing the data collected from the COVIDiSTRESS I (39 countries; N = 99,075) and COVIDiSTRESS II (23 countries; N = 8293) projects, we examined whether country-level gender equality moderates the link between relationship status and perceived social support. Multilevel regression analyses indicated that gender equality moderated the link between relationship status and perceived social support. Single people in countries with less gender equality reported less perceived social support than was reported by both coupled people and single people from countries with moderate and high levels of gender equality, however, the effect of the interaction between relationship status and gender equality on perceived social support was very low. The results suggest that gender equality fosters perceived social support, both for single people and for partnered people.
A new approach to characterize cardiac sodium storage by combining fluorescence photometry and magnetic resonance imaging in small animal research
Authors: Christa Martin , Dithmar Franziska , Weinaus Tobias , Kohlhaas Michael , Arias-Loza Anahi-Paula , Hofmann Michelle , Elabyad Ibrahim A. , Gutjahr Fabian T. , Maack Christoph , Bauer Wolfgang R.
Published: January 2024

Cardiac myocyte sodium (Na+) homoeostasis is pivotal in cardiac diseases and heart failure. Intracellular Na+ ([Na+]i) is an important regulator of excitation–contraction coupling and mitochondrial energetics. In addition, extracellular Na+ ([Na+]e) and its water-free storage trigger collagen cross-linking, myocardial stiffening and impaired cardiac function. Therefore, understanding the allocation of tissue Na+ to intra- and extracellular compartments is crucial in comprehending the pathophysiological processes in cardiac diseases. We extrapolated [Na+]e using a three-compartment model, with tissue Na+ concentration (TSC) measured by in vivo 23Na-MRI, extracellular volume (ECV) data calculated from T1 maps, and [Na+]i measured by in vitro fluorescence microscopy using Na+ binding benzofuran isophthalate (SBFI). To investigate dynamic changes in Na+ compartments, we induced pressure overload (TAC) or myocardial infarction (MI) via LAD ligation in mice. Compared to SHAM mice, TSC was similar after TAC but increased after MI. Both TAC and MI showed significantly higher [Na+]i compared to SHAM (around 130% compared to SHAM). Calculated [Na+]e increased after MI, but not after TAC. Increased TSC after TAC was primarily driven by increased [Na+]i, but the increase after MI by elevations in both [Na+]i and [Na+]e.
Ecological modeling, biogeography, and phenotypic analyses setting the tiger cats’ hyperdimensional niches reveal a new species
Authors: de Oliveira Tadeu G. , Fox-Rosales Lester A. , Ramírez-Fernández José D. , Cepeda-Duque Juan C. , Zug Rebecca , Sanchez-Lalinde Catalina , Oliveira Marcelo J. R. , Marinho Paulo H. D. , Bonilla-Sánchez Alejandra , Marques Mara C. , Cassaro Katia , Moreno Ricardo , Rumiz Damián , Peters Felipe B. , Ortega Josué , Cavalcanti Gitana , Mooring Michael S. , Blankenship Steven R. , Brenes-Mora Esteban , Dias Douglas , Mazim Fábio D. , Eizirik Eduardo , Diehl Jaime L. , Marques Rosane V. , Ribeiro Ana Carolina C. , Cruz Reginaldo A. , Pasa Emanuelle , Meira Lyse P. C. , Pereira Alex , Ferreira Guilherme B. , de Pinho Fernando F. , Sena Liana M. M. , de Morais Vinícius R. , Ribeiro Luiz Micheli , Moura Vitor E. C. , Favarini Marina O. , Leal Karla P. G. , Wagner Paulo G. C. , dos Santos Maurício C. , Sanderson James , Araújo Elienê P. , Rodrigues Flávio H. G.
Published: January 2024

Recently, the tiger-cat species complex was split into Leopardus tigrinus and Leopardus guttulus, along with other proposed schemes. We performed a detailed analysis integrating ecological modeling, biogeography, and phenotype of the four originally recognized subspecies—tigrinus, oncilla, pardinoides, guttulus—and presented a new multidimensional niche depiction of the species. Species distribution models used > 1400 records from museums and photographs, all checked for species accuracy. Morphological data were obtained from institutional/personal archives. Spotting patterns were established by integrating museum and photographic/camera-trap records. Principal component analysis showed three clearly distinct groups, with the Central American specimens (oncilla) clustering entirely within those of the Andes, namely the pardinoides group of the cloud forests of the southern Central-American and Andean mountain chains (clouded tiger-cat); the tigrinus group of the savannas of the Guiana Shield and central/northeastern Brazil (savanna tiger-cat); and the guttulus group in the lowland forests of the Atlantic Forest domain (Atlantic Forest tiger-cat). This scheme is supported by recent genetic analyses. All species displayed different spotting patterns, with some significant differences in body measurements/proportions. The new distribution presented alarming reductions from the historic range of − 50.4% to − 68.2%. This multidimensional approach revealed a new species of the elusive and threatened tiger-cat complex.
Reshaping the peripersonal space in virtual reality
Authors: Petrizzo Irene , Mikellidou Kyriaki , Avraam Savvas , Avraamides Marios , Arrighi Roberto
Published: January 2024

Peripersonal space (PPS) is defined as the space that lies within reach. Previous research revealed that PPS can be dynamically reshaped with the use of tools extending the arm’s reach. Here we investigated whether PPS reshaping depends on the kind of selected tool and/or the motor routine associated with its use. Participants carried out a visuo-tactile detection task in an immersive VR environment that allowed to measure the PPS size before and after a short period of tools use. In Experiment 1, participants had to pull or push objects towards or away from themselves using a shovel. In Experiment 2, they were required to either hammer or shoot an avatar placed in the Extrapersonal space. We found, for the first time in a VR environment, that a period of pull training was effective in enlarging the PPS, a result that replicates and expands previous findings carried out in real life conditions. However, no significant change in PPS size was achieved for training with other tools and motor routines. Our results suggest that the reshaping of PPS is a complex phenomenon in which the kind of interaction between the agent, the targets and the exploited motor routines all play a critical role.
The clarithromycin-binding proteins NIPSNAP1 and 2 regulate cytokine production through mitochondrial quality control
Authors: Yamamoto Soh , Ogasawara Noriko , Mitsuhashi Yukari , Takano Kenichi , Yokota Shin-ichi
Published: January 2024

The mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of macrolide antibiotics, such as clarithromycin (CAM), remains to be clarified. The CAM-binding proteins 4-nitrophenylphosphatase domain and non-neuronal synaptosomal associated protein 25 (SNAP25)-like protein homolog (NIPSNAP) 1 and 2 are involved in the immune response and mitochondrial homeostasis. However, the axis between CAM-NIPSNAP-mitochondria and Toll-like receptor (TLR) and their molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we sought to elucidate the relationship between mitochondrial homeostasis mediated by NIPSNAP1 and 2 and the immunomodulatory effect of CAM. NIPSNAP1 or 2 knockdown (KD) by RNA interference impaired TLR4-mediated interleukin-8 (IL-8) production. Similar impairment was observed upon treatment with mitochondrial function inhibitors. However, IL-8 secretion was not impaired in NIPSNAP1 and 2 individual knockout (KO) and double KO (DKO) cells. Moreover, the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in mitochondria measured using a flex analyzer was significantly reduced in NIPSNAP1 or 2 KD cells, but not in DKO cells. CAM also dose-dependently reduced the OCR. These results indicate that CAM suppresses the IL-8 production via the mitochondrial quality control regulated by temporary functional inhibition of NIPSNAP1 and 2. Our findings provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying cytokine production, including the TLR-mitochondria axis, and the immunomodulatory effects of macrolides.
Exploring the genetic factors behind the discrepancy in resistance to bovine tuberculosis between African zebu cattle and European taurine cattle
Authors: Lee SangJung , Clémentine Charton , Kim Heebal
Published: January 2024

Caused by the pathogenic agent Mycobacterium bovis, bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a major concern in cattle breeding due to both its zoonotic potential and economic impact. Greater resistance to this disease has been reported in certain African zebu breeds compared to European taurine breeds. However the genetic basis for the lower susceptibility to bTB infection observed in zebu cattle remains poorly explored. This study was conducted on whole genome sequencing data of three bTB infection-resistant African zebu breeds and two bTB infection-susceptible taurine breeds to decipher the genetic background. A set of four selection signature statistics based on linkage disequilibrium, site frequency spectrum, and population differentiation were used on SNPs whereas between population variance based VST and t-test were used on CNVs. As a complement, genes from previous literature reported as candidate genes for bTB resistance were also inspected to identify genetic variations. Interestingly, the resulting nine candidate genes had deleterious missense variants (SHC3, IFNGR1, TLR2, TLR6, IL1A, LRRK2, EP300 and IRAK4) or a CNV difference (CD48) segregating between the groups. The genes found in the study play a role in immune pathways activated during Mycobacterium infection, contributing to the proliferation of immune cells and the granuloma formation, ultimately modulating the outcome of the infectious event. In particular, a deleterious variant in the LRRK2 gene, whose deficiency has been linked to improved prognosis upon tuberculosis infection, was found in the bTB infection-resistant zebu breeds. Therefore, these genes constitute credible candidates in explaining the discrepancy in Mycobacterium bovis infection susceptibility among different breed.
Geodynamic models of Indian continental flat slab subduction with implications for the topography of the Himalaya-Tibet region
Authors: Xue K. , Schellart W. P. , Strak V.
Published: January 2024

The slab structure and high elevation of the Himalaya-Tibet region and their underlying mechanisms have been widely discussed. Many studies interpret a flat slab segment of Indian continental lithosphere located below the overriding plate, but interpretations of the northward extent of the flat slab differ substantially, with minimum estimates placing the boundary at the northern margin of the Himalaya (Indus-Yarlung Tsangpo suture), and maximum estimates placing it at the northern boundary of Tibet. In this study, we investigate for the first time if a flat slab segment of subducted buoyant Indian continental lithosphere below the Himalaya-Tibet region is geodynamically feasible and we quantify its northward extent, as well as its contribution to the high topography of the region. We conduct three large-scale fully-dynamic (buoyancy-driven) analogue experiments to simulate the subduction of the Indian continent. Our preferred, and geodynamically most feasible, model shows a continental flat slab extending northward up to ~ 320 km from the Himalayan thrust front, in agreement with recent estimates. Furthermore, it suggests that the positively buoyant flat slab segment of the Indian continent contributes some ~ 1.5–2 km to the high topography of the Himalaya-Southern Tibet region by providing an upward force to elevate the overriding Eurasian plate.
Commercial suitability and characterization of newly developed Erucastrum canariense (Can) sterile cytoplasm based cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines in Indian cauliflower
Authors: Manjunath K. S. , Singh Shrawan , Kalia Pritam , Mangal Manisha , Sharma Brij Bihari , Singh Naveen , Ray Mrinmoy , Rao Mahesh , Tomar Bhoopal Singh
Published: January 2024

The study presents the first to characterize novel Erucastrum canarianse Webb and Berthel (or Can) sterile cytoplasm-based CMS lines in Indian cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) and investigating their commercial suitability. Eleven Can-based CMS lines were examined for 12 agro-morphological and yield traits,18 floral traits, four seed yield traits together with three each of the Ogura (source: wild Japanese Radish) and Tour (Source: Brassica tournefortii) cytoplasms. All of the recorded floral and seed traits showed significant (P > 0.05) differences between the CMS lines of each group. Agro-morphological and yield traits in CMS lines and their maintainers, however, were non-significantly different. All the Can- and Ogura-based CMS lines showed flowering and appropriate seed formation by natural cross-pollination. Only two Tour cytoplasm-based CMS lines, Tour (DC-41-5) and Tour (DC-67), produced the smallest malformed flowers and stigma. The highest seed yield per plant in CMS lines was in Ogu (DC-98-4) and the lowest in Tour (DC-67). P14 and P15, two polymorphic mtDNA markers, were discovered for the Can CMS system for early detection. Five primers (ITS5a-ITS4, atpF-atpH, P16, rbeL and trnL), along with their maintainers, were sequenced and aligned to detect nucleotide changes including as additions and or deletions at different positions. The newly introduced E. canariense sterile cytoplasm-based CMS system in cauliflower is the subject of the first comprehensive report, which emphasises their potential as a further stable and reliable genetic mechanism for hybrid breeding.
Impact of nasal septal perforation on the airflow and air-conditioning characteristics of the nasal cavity
Authors: Na Yang , Kwon Kyung Won , Jang Yong Ju
Published: January 2024

We investigated (1) how nasal septal perforations (NSPs) modify nasal airflow and air-conditioning characteristics and (2) how the modifications of nasal airflow are influenced by the size and location of the NSP. Computed tomography scans of 14 subjects with NSPs were used to generate nasal cavity models. Virtual repair of NSPs was conducted to examine the sole effect of NSPs on airflow. The computational fluid dynamics technique was used to assess geometric and airflow parameters around the NSPs and in the nasopharynx. The net crossover airflow rate, the increased wall shear stress (WSS) and the surface water–vapor flux on the posterior surface of the NSPs were not correlated with the size of the perforation. After the virtual closure of the NSPs, the levels in relative humidity (RH), air temperature (AT) and nasal resistance did not improve significantly both in the choanae and nasopharynx. A geometric parameter associated with turbinate volume, the surface area-to-volume ratio (SAVR), was shown to be an important factor in the determination of the RH and AT, even in the presence of NSPs. The levels of RH and AT in the choanae and nasopharynx were more influenced by SAVR than the size and location of the NSPs.
High-throughput microplastic assessment using polarization holographic imaging
Authors: Li Yuxing , Zhu Yanmin , Huang Jianqing , Ho Yuen-Wa , Fang James Kar-Hei , Lam Edmund Y.
Published: January 2024

Microplastic (MP) pollution has emerged as a global environmental concern due to its ubiquity and harmful impacts on ecosystems and human health. MP assessment has therefore become increasingly necessary and common in environmental and experimental samples. Microscopy and spectroscopy are widely employed for the physical and chemical characterization of MPs. However, these analytical methods often require time-consuming pretreatments of samples or expensive instrumentation. In this work, we develop a portable and cost-effective polarization holographic imaging system that prominently incorporates deep learning techniques, enabling efficient, high-throughput detection and dynamic analysis of MPs in aqueous environments. The integration enhances the identification and classification of MPs, eliminating the need for extensive sample preparation. The system simultaneously captures holographic interference patterns and polarization states, allowing for multimodal information acquisition to facilitate rapid MP detection. The characteristics of light waves are registered, and birefringence features are leveraged to classify the material composition and structures of MPs. Furthermore, the system automates real-time counting and morphological measurements of various materials, including MP sheets and additional natural substances. This innovative approach significantly improves the dynamic monitoring of MPs and provides valuable information for their effective filtration and management.
PdNPs/NiNWs as a welding tool for the synthesis of polyfluorene derivatives by Suzuki polycondensation under microwave radiation
Authors: Wasiak Tomasz , Just Dominik , Dzienia Andrzej , Łukowiec Dariusz , Wacławek Stanisław , Mielańczyk Anna , Kodan Sonika , Bansal Ananya , Chandra Ramesh , Janas Dawid
Published: January 2024

Conjugated polymers are promising tools to differentiate various types of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs). However, their synthesis is challenging. Insufficient control over molecular weights, and unpredictive/unrepeatable batches hinder possible applications and scale-up. Furthermore, commercial homogeneous catalysts often require inert conditions and are almost impossible to recycle. To overcome these problems, we present a nanocatalyst consisting of magnetic nickel nanowires decorated with highly active palladium nanoparticles. A two-step wet chemical reduction protocol with the assistance of sonochemistry was employed to obtain a heterogeneous catalyst capable of conducting step-growth Suzuki polycondensation of a fluorene-based monomer. Additionally, we enhanced the performance of our catalytic system via controlled microwave irradiation, which significantly shortened the reaction time from 3 d to only 1 h. We studied the influence of the main process parameters on the yield and polymer chain length to gain insight into phenomena occurring in the presence of metallic species under microwave irradiation. Finally, the produced polymers were used to extract specific s-SWCNTs by conjugated polymer extraction to validate their utility.
Associations of cereal fiber intake with rheumatoid arthritis mediated by dietary inflammatory index: insights from NHANES 2011–2020
Authors: Wan Huijuan , Zhang Ya , Ning Zhongxing , Liu Mingjiang , Yang Shudong
Published: January 2024

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an increasingly prevalent inflammatory disorder worldwide. Its complex etiology has recently brought dietary factors, particularly fiber intake, into focus as potential influencers. Our study investigates the intricate relationship between various sources of dietary fiber and RA, emphasizing the mediating role of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). Leveraging data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning 2011 to 2020. We meticulously assessed dietary fiber intake through dual 24 h dietary recall interviews, while RA diagnoses were established based on comprehensive medical surveys. The relationships between fiber intake, RA prevalence, and DII mediation were analyzed using sophisticated multivariate logistic regression and mediation analysis. Among our study cohort, 7% were diagnosed with RA. We observed a notable inverse correlation between increased total fiber intake, particularly 5 g/day increments, and the incidence of RA, with cereal fiber intake emerging as the primary mitigating factor. Intriguingly, the DII played a significant role in mediating this association, especially regarding cereal fiber. Our findings reveal a significant association between higher cereal fiber consumption and a reduced prevalence of RA. Additionally, the DII stands out as a pivotal mediator in this relationship, highlighting dietary management's critical role in preventing and managing RA.
Transmembrane stem factor nanodiscs enhanced revascularization in a hind limb ischemia model in diabetic, hyperlipidemic rabbits
Authors: Takematsu Eri , Massidda Miles , Howe Gretchen , Goldman Julia , Felli Patricia , Mei Lei , Callahan Gregory , Sligar Andrew D. , Smalling Richard , Baker Aaron B.
Published: January 2024

Therapies to revascularize ischemic tissue have long been a goal for the treatment of vascular disease and other disorders. Therapies using stem cell factor (SCF), also known as a c-Kit ligand, had great promise for treating ischemia for myocardial infarct and stroke, however clinical development for SCF was stopped due to toxic side effects including mast cell activation in patients. We recently developed a novel therapy using a transmembrane form of SCF (tmSCF) delivered in lipid nanodiscs. In previous studies, we demonstrated tmSCF nanodiscs were able to induce revascularization of ischemia limbs in mice and did not activate mast cells. To advance this therapeutic towards clinical application, we tested this therapy in an advanced model of hindlimb ischemia in rabbits with hyperlipidemia and diabetes. This model has therapeutic resistance to angiogenic therapies and maintains long term deficits in recovery from ischemic injury. We treated rabbits with local treatment with tmSCF nanodiscs or control solution delivered locally from an alginate gel delivered into the ischemic limb of the rabbits. After eight weeks, we found significantly higher vascularity in the tmSCF nanodisc-treated group in comparison to alginate treated control as quantified through angiography. Histological analysis also showed a significantly higher number of small and large blood vessels in the ischemic muscles of the tmSCF nanodisc treated group. Importantly, we did not observe inflammation or mast cell activation in the rabbits. Overall, this study supports the therapeutic potential of tmSCF nanodiscs for treating peripheral ischemia.
A hierarchical combination algorithm for real-time cycle slip detection and repair in low satellite elevation and high ionospheric activity conditions
Authors: Ban Haofei , Li Kezhao , Wang Kai , Jiao Yingxiang , Liang Lingfeng , Tian Chendong , Yue Zhe
Published: January 2024

To enhance the accuracy and robustness of cycle slip detection and repair for triple-frequency data while minimizing the adverse effects of low satellite elevation and high ionospheric activity, a hierarchical combination algorithm for real-time cycle slip detection and repair is proposed. This algorithm begins by prioritizing the reduction of noise and ionospheric delay coefficients. It determines the optimal coefficients for the combination of observations from the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System’s (BDS) Extra-Wide Lane (EWL), Wide Lane (WL), and Narrow Lane (NL). Leveraging the longer wavelength characteristics of the EWL combination, it simultaneously conducts cycle slip detection on the EWL combination alongside the pseudorange combination. Following this, based on the detection outcomes from the EWL combination, cycle slip detection is carried out on the WL combination. Finally, using the detection findings from the WL combination, cycle slip detection is executed on the NL combination. Given the NL combination’s shorter wavelength and higher susceptibility to ionospheric delay, a dynamic ionospheric prediction model is applied to the NL combination to further mitigate the impact of ionospheric disturbances. After completing the cycle slip detection process, the results from the EWL, WL, and NL combinations are integrated and solved. Experimental results clearly demonstrate that, even in scenarios characterized by low satellite elevation and active ionospheric conditions, this algorithm consistently delivers outstanding detection performance for cycle slip instances, particularly for small cycle slip (less then two cycles). Remarkably, this performance is achieved without the need for intricate searches during cycle slip repair.
Integrated blood and organ profile analysis to evaluate ameliorative effects of kaempferol on 5-fluorouracil-induced toxicity
Authors: Sharma Abhilasha , Chorawala Mehul R. , Rawal Rakesh M. , Shrivastava Neeta
Published: January 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment strategies encompass a triad of medical interventions: surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Among these, the use of chemotherapy, specifically 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), has become a cornerstone in CRC management. However, it is imperative to explore novel approaches that harness the synergistic potential of chemotherapy agents alongside adjunctive compounds to mitigate the severe adverse effects that often accompany treatment. In light of this pressing need, this study focuses on evaluating Kaempferol (KMP) in combination with 5-FU in a DMH-induced CRC animal model, scrutinizing its impact on haematological indices, organ health, and gastrointestinal, hepatotoxic, and nephrotoxic effects. Remarkably, KMP demonstrated haemato-protective attributes and exerted an immunomodulatory influence, effectively counteracting 5-FU-induced damage. Furthermore, organ assessments affirm the safety profile of the combined treatments while suggesting KMP's potential role in preserving the structural integrity of the intestine, and spleen. Histopathological assessments unveiled KMP's capacity to ameliorate liver injury and mitigate CRC-induced renal impairment. These multifaceted findings underscore KMP's candidacy as a promising adjunctive therapeutic option for CRC, underlining the pivotal need for personalized therapeutic strategies that concurrently optimize treatment efficacy and safeguard organ health. KMP holds tremendous promise in elevating the paradigm of CRC management.
An artificial intelligence approach to predicting personality types in dogs
Authors: Amirhosseini Mohammad Hossein , Yadav Vinaykumar , Serpell James A. , Pettigrew Piya , Kain Paris
Published: January 2024

Canine personality and behavioural characteristics have a significant influence on relationships between domestic dogs and humans as well as determining the suitability of dogs for specific working roles. As a result, many researchers have attempted to develop reliable personality assessment tools for dogs. Most previous work has analysed dogs’ behavioural patterns collected via questionnaires using traditional statistical analytic approaches. Artificial Intelligence has been widely and successfully used for predicting human personality types. However, similar approaches have not been applied to data on canine personality. In this research, machine learning techniques were applied to the classification of canine personality types using behavioural data derived from the C-BARQ project. As the dataset was not labelled, in the first step, an unsupervised learning approach was adopted and K-Means algorithm was used to perform clustering and labelling of the data. Five distinct categories of dogs emerged from the K-Means clustering analysis of behavioural data, corresponding to five different personality types. Feature importance analysis was then conducted to identify the relative importance of each behavioural variable’s contribution to each cluster and descriptive labels were generated for each of the personality traits based on these associations. The five personality types identified in this paper were labelled: “Excitable/Hyperattached”, “Anxious/Fearful”, “Aloof/Predatory”, “Reactive/Assertive”, and “Calm/Agreeable”. Four machine learning models including Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Naïve Bayes, and Decision Tree were implemented to predict the personality traits of dogs based on the labelled data. The performance of the models was evaluated using fivefold cross validation method and the results demonstrated that the Decision Tree model provided the best performance with a substantial accuracy of 99%. The novel AI-based methodology in this research may be useful in the future to enhance the selection and training of dogs for specific working and non-working roles.
Fragment molecular orbital-based variational quantum eigensolver for quantum chemistry in the age of quantum computing
Authors: Lim Hocheol , Kang Doo Hyung , Kim Jeonghoon , Pellow-Jarman Aidan , McFarthing Shane , Pellow-Jarman Rowan , Jeon Hyeon-Nae , Oh Byungdu , Rhee June-Koo Kevin , No Kyoung Tai
Published: January 2024

Quantum computers offer significant potential for complex system analysis, yet their application in large systems is hindered by limitations such as qubit availability and quantum hardware noise. While the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) was proposed to address these issues, its scalability remains limited. Many efforts, including new ansätze and Hamiltonian modifications, have been made to overcome these challenges. In this work, we introduced the novel Fragment Molecular Orbital/Variational Quantum Eigensolver (FMO/VQE) algorithm. This method combines the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) approach with VQE and efficiently utilizes qubits for quantum chemistry simulations. Employing the UCCSD ansatz, the FMO/VQE achieved an absolute error of just 0.053 mHa with 8 qubits in a $${{\text{H}}}_{24}$$

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system using the STO-3G basis set, and an error of 1.376 mHa with 16 qubits in a $${{\text{H}}}_{20}$$

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system with the 6-31G basis set. These results indicated a significant advancement in scalability over conventional VQE, maintaining accuracy with fewer qubits. Therefore, our FMO/VQE method exemplifies how integrating fragment-based quantum chemistry with quantum algorithms can enhance scalability, facilitating more complex molecular simulations and aligning with quantum computing advancements.
Clinically accessible amplitude-based multiplex ddPCR assay for tryptase genotyping
Authors: Svetina Manca , Šelb Julij , Lyons Jonathan J. , Korošec Peter , Rijavec Matija
Published: January 2024

Hereditary α tryptasemia (HαT) is an autosomal dominant trait characterized by increased TPSAB1 copy number (CN) encoding α-tryptase. The determination of HαT is being discussed as an important biomarker to be included in risk assessment models and future diagnostic algorithms for patients with mastocytosis and anaphylaxis. Due to the complex genetic structure at the human tryptase locus, genetic testing for tryptase gene composition is presently notably limited and infrequently pursued. This study aimed to develop, optimise and validate a multiplex droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay that can reliably quantify α- and β-tryptase encoding sequences in a single reaction. To optimise the ddPCR conditions and establish an amplitude-based multiplex ddPCR assay, additional primers and probes, a thermal gradient with varying annealing temperatures, different primers/probe concentrations, and various initial DNA quantities were tested. Results obtained from all 114 samples analysed using multiplex ddPCR were identical to those obtained through the use of original duplex assays. Utilizing this multiplex ddPCR assay, in contrast to conducting distinct duplex ddPCRs, presents noteworthy benefits for tryptase genotyping. These advantages encompass a substantial threefold decrease in material costs and considerable time savings. Consequently, this approach exhibits high suitability and particularly captures interest for routine clinical implementation.