bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cosegregation of the G7444A mutation in the mitochondrial COI/tRNASer(UCN) genes with the 12S rRNA A1555G mutation in a Chinese family with aminoglycoside‐induced and nonsyndromic hearing loss
Authors: Yuan Huijun , Qian Yaping , Xu Yanjun , Cao Juyang , Bai Linna , Shen Weidong , Ji Fei , Zhang Xin , Kang Dongyang , Mo Jun Qin , Greinwald John H. , Han Dongyi , Zhai Suoqiang , Young Wie‐Yen , Guan Min‐Xin
Published: September 2005

We report here on the characterization of a three‐generation Chinese family with aminoglycoside‐induced and nonsyndromic hearing impairment. Ten of 17 matrilineal relatives exhibited bilateral and sensorineural hearing impairment. Of these, nine matrilineal relatives, who had a history of exposure to aminoglycosides, exhibited variable severity and audiometric configuration of hearing loss. The dose and age at the time of drug administration seemed to be correlated with the severity of the hearing loss experienced by affected individuals. Sequence analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome in the pedigree showed the presence of homoplasmic A1555G mutation and 37 variants belonging to haplogroup D4a. Of those variants, the G7444A mutation is of special interest as the mutation at this position results in a read‐through of the stop condon AGA of the COI message, thereby adding three amino acids (Lys–Gln–Lys) to the C‐terminal of the polypeptide. Alternatively, the G7444A mutation is adjacent to the site of 3′ end endonucleolytic processing of L‐strand RNA precursor, spanning tRNASer(UCN) and ND6 mRNA. Thus, the G7444A mutation, similar to the deafness‐associated A7445G mutation, may lead to a defect in the processing of the L‐strand RNA precursor, thus influencing the phenotypic expression of the A1555G mutation. These data also imply that nuclear background plays a role in the aminoglycoside ototoxicity associated with the A1555G mutation in this Chinese pedigree. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stickler syndrome: Clinical characteristics and diagnostic criteria
Authors: Rose Peter S. , Levy Howard P. , Liberfarb Ruth M. , Davis Joie , Szymko‐Bennett Y. , Rubin Benjamin I. , Tsilou Ekaterini , Griffith Andrew J. , Francomano Clair A.
Published: September 2005

The purpose of this study was to establish diagnostic criteria for Stickler syndrome. Ninety patients from 38 families had complete evaluations for possible Stickler syndrome. Molecular confirmation of COL2A1 mutation status (type I Stickler syndrome) was available on 25 patients from six families. In the remaining 65 patients, 47 from 25 families were affected with Stickler syndrome and 18 from seven families were unaffected with Stickler syndrome. A diagnostic nosology based on type I Stickler patients with known COL2A1 mutations was applied to clinically affected and unaffected patients. A diagnostic scale of 9 points evaluated molecular data or family history data and characteristic ocular, orofacial, auditory, and musculoskeletal findings. A score of ≥5 was diagnostic of Stickler syndrome. These criteria demonstrate 100% sensitivity when applied to type I Stickler syndrome patients with known COL2A1 mutations, 98% sensitivity when applied to clinically affected Stickler patients, and 86% specificity when applied to patients unaffected based on clinical and/or molecular analysis. We conclude that diagnostic criteria based on type I Stickler patients with molecularly confirmed COL2A1 mutations appear to be sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of this syndrome and should be helpful to clinicians when making the diagnosis. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transmission disequilibrium suggests a role for the sulfotransferase‐4A1 gene in schizophrenia
Authors: Brennan Mark D. , Condra Jodi
Published: September 2005

Previous studies suggest a role for chromosome 22q13 in schizophrenia. This segment of chromosome 22 contains the sulfotransferase‐4A1 (Sult4A1) gene, which encodes an enzyme thought to be involved in neurotransmitter metabolism in the central nervous system. To evaluate this candidate, we developed a microsatellite marker targeting a polymorphism in its 5′ nontranslated region (D22s1749E). Using samples obtained from the National Institutes of Mental Health Schizophrenia Genetics Initiative, we evaluated 27 families having multiple siblings with schizophrenia and schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders for transmission disequilibrium (TDT) of this marker along with three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning a 37 kb segment containing the Sult4A1 gene. TDT for D22s1749E was significant (P < 0.05), with a tendency for the 213 nt allele to be preferentially transferred to affected children (P = 0.0079). Global chi‐square values for haplotypes involving the SNPs (ss146366, ss146407, and ss146420) and D22s1749E, also showed significant TDT values (P = 0.0006–0.0016). Consequently, we proposed that Sult4A merited more careful scrutiny as a candidate gene for schizophrenia susceptibility. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deposition of clean and contaminated latex particles on pulp fibers
Authors: Alince B.
Published: September 2005

Electrostatic interaction between latex particles and oppositely charged surfaces can be affected by the presence of ionic compounds, which are not an integral part of latex particles. They could be formed during polymerization or could be present as emulsifiers. This “free charge” adsorbs on fiber and interferes with latex particles deposition. Consequently, with increasing latex addition, the extent of deposition may decrease. Attempts to explain such unexpected behavior often lead to questionable conclusions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1879–1883, 2005
Bone cell viability on methacrylic acid grafted and collagen immobilized porous poly(3‐hydroxybutrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate)
Authors: Tesema Y. , Raghavan D. , Stubbs J.
Published: September 2005

Porous poly(3‐hydroxybutrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) film was prepared by solute leaching of salt/PHBV cast film. The surface chemistry of the PHBV membrane was modified by performing graft polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) on ozone treated porous PHBV film, followed by immobilization of type I collagen. The surface characteristics of the modified and nonmodified porous films were measured by water contact angle. The rat osteosarcoma cell line UMR‐106 osteoblast like cells were used as model cells to evaluate the cell viability on surfaces. The initial cell attachment, growth pattern, and proliferation as measured by MTT assay were used to evaluate the bone cell viability on the modified and nonmodified films. Among the PHBV films studied, the nonmodified porous PHBV and the porous PHBV film type I collagen dip coated showed no significant difference in cell attachment and proliferation, while the porous PHBV membrane that was collagen immobilized after MAA grafting showed considerable activity of osteoblast like cells. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1916–1921, 2005
Study on the leveling properties of derivatives of polyethylene glycol for supermilling acid dyes on wool fabrics
Authors: Xie Kongliang , Hou Aiqin , Tian Kun
Published: September 2005

The feasibility of the derivatives of polyethylene glycol as leveling agents in the dyeing process of wool was studied. The interaction between the polymers and dyes affected not only the dyeing rate of supermilling acid dyes on wool but also the absorption spectrum of the dyes. The presence of the polymers improved leveling properties. The dyeing rate was slower in the presence of the polymer than without the polymer. The lower the concentration of dyes, the greater the effect of the polymers in the dyeing process was. The color fastnesses to rubbing, washing, and perspiration of the dyed wool fabrics with the polymer were good. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1922–1926, 2005
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanocomposite fibers by in situ polymerization: The thermomechanical properties and morphology
Authors: Chang Jin‐Hae , Mun Mu Kyung , Lee Ihn Chong
Published: September 2005

A series of nanocomposites of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with the organoclay dodecyltriphenylphosphonium‐mica (C12PPh‐mica) were synthesized with the in situ polymerization method. PET hybrid fibers with various organoclay concentrations were melt‐spun at various draw ratios (DRs) to produce monofilaments. The thermomechanical properties and morphologies of the PET hybrid fibers were characterized with differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and universal tensile analysis. The organoclay was intercalated in the polymer matrix at all magnification levels, and some of the agglomerated organoclay layers were greater than 50 nm thick. The thermal stabilities and initial tensile moduli of the hybrid fibers increased with an increasing clay content for DR = 1. For DR = 1, the ultimate tensile strengths of the PET hybrid fibers increased with the addition of clay up to a critical clay loading and then decreased above that critical concentration. However, the tensile mechanical properties of the hybrid fibers did not improve with increasing DR. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 2009–2016, 2005
Using theory and research to improve student affairs practice: Some current examples
Authors: Person Dawn R. , Ellis Pilar , Plum Caryn , Boudreau Debra
Published: September 2005

This chapter describes two emerging theories that inform career counseling and explores how they can strengthen student success programs for underrepresented populations. The chapter also describes several effective programs and services that support traditionally underrepresented students as they prepare for, succeed in, and make the transition out of the community college.
Synthesis and Characterization of Core‐Shell Selenium/Carbon Colloids and Hollow Carbon Capsules
Authors: Yu Jimmy C. , Hu Xianluo , Li Quan , Zheng Zhi , Xu Yeming
Published: September 2005

A novel Se/C nanocomposite with core‐shell structures has been prepared through a facile one‐pot microwave‐induced hydrothermal process. The new material consists of a trigonal‐Se (t‐Se) core and an amorphous‐C (a‐C) shell. The Se/C composite can be converted to hollow carbon capsules by thermal treatment. These products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Tuning pGa with Chelating Agents Related to (o‐Hydroxybenzyl)iminodiacetic Acid
Authors: Jarjayes Olivier , Mortini Florent , du Moulinet d’Hardemare Amaury , Philouze Christian , Serratrice Guy
Published: September 2005

Gallium complexes with R‐(o‐hydroxybenzyl)iminodiacetate ligands (Lx) have been synthesized and their thermodynamic constants determined in aqueous solution by potentiometric titration. These quantitative results were also confirmed by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy. An X‐ray study of GaL3 (R = NO2) showed that the gallium(III) ion is hexacoordinate with two H2O molecules in cis positions. The ability of the ligands to chelate GaIII was evaluated at physiological pH and ionic strength from the pGa values. Among the different ligands studied, L6 (R = OMe) has a pGa value two orders of magnitude higher than that of the complex between Ga and the blood serum protein transferrin. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Early and Late Transition Metal Complexes Stabilised by Imidazopyridazine‐Substituted Bisamido Ligands
Authors: Irrgang Torsten , Kempe Rhett
Published: September 2005

The preparation of a series of new imidazo[1,5‐b]pyridazine‐substituted diamines (5) is reported. They can be synthesised by the nucleophilic ring transformation of 2‐amino‐5‐methyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazolium halogenides (1) with diaminoalkanes followed by condensation reactions with 1,3‐diketones. After deprotonation they were then used as bisamido ligands. These ligands stabilise early and late transition metal complexes as five‐membered chelates. The reaction with selected group 4 metals (titanium and zirconium) leads via amine elimination to unusual dark blue and purple mononuclear amido complexes. Deprotonation of the bisamido ligands using BuLi and further reaction with group 6 metals like chromium results in a dinuclear octahedral CrIII complex, where the different coordinated metal centres are bridged by two of the amido N atoms. The double deprotonation of 5 followed by reaction with the group 9 metals rhodium and iridium led to dinuclear complexes in a trans binding mode. The X‐ray structures of one of the novel bisamido ligands (protonated) and all complexes are reported and discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Fullerene‐Like Nanoballs Formed by Pentaphosphaferrocene and CuBr
Authors: Scheer Manfred , Bai Junfeng , Johnson Brian P. , Merkle Roger , Virovets Alexander V. , Anson Christopher E.
Published: September 2005

Reaction of [CpxFe(η5‐P5)] {Cpx = η5‐C5Me5 (1a), η5‐C5Me4Et (1b)} with CuBr leads to the fullerene‐like nanoballs [{CpxFe(η5:η1:η1:η1:η1:η1‐P5)}12{CuBr}10{Cu2Br3}5{Cu(CH3CN)2}5] {Cpx = η5‐C5Me5 (5a), η5‐C5Me4Et (5b)} comprising a cluster core of 90 non‐carbon atoms. In contrast to previous results by variation of stoichiometry and concentration conditions, the formation of polymeric product was hindered, and exclusive formation of the spherical cage compound was achieved. The cluster 5b possesses an inside diameter of 1.29 nm and an outside diameter of 2.37 nm. Definitive evidence for encapsulation of a [CpxFe(η5‐P5)] unit (1b) within the inner cavity of the nanocluster 5b is shown by X‐ray crystallographic results. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Electrochemistry of Benzophenanthridine Alkaloids. Formation and Characterization of Redox Active Films from Products of Sanguinarine and Chelerythrine Oxidation
Authors: Hrbáč Jan , Broncová Gabriela , Matějka Pavel , Bystroň Tomáš , Vrba Jiří , Volf Radko , Vičar Jaroslav
Published: September 2005

The behavior of sanguinarine and chelerythrine alkaloids upon electrochemical oxidation on solid electrodes in buffered aqueous medium is reported in this study. Electro‐oxidation of sanguinarine and chelerythrine results in the formation of redox active electropolymerized films. The films were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, EQCM and surface enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy excited in near‐infrared range. The electropolymerization is suggested to proceed via formation of alkaloids' ortho‐benzoquinone derivatives.
On accurate boundary conditions for a shape sensitivity equation method
Authors: Duvigneau R. , Pelletier D.
Published: September 2005

This paper studies the application of the continuous sensitivity equation method (CSEM) for the Navier–Stokes equations in the particular case of shape parameters. Boundary conditions for shape parameters involve flow derivatives at the boundary. Thus, accurate flow gradients are critical to the success of the CSEM. A new approach is presented to extract accurate flow derivatives at the boundary. High order Taylor series expansions are used on layered patches in conjunction with a constrained least‐squares procedure to evaluate accurate first and second derivatives of the flow variables at the boundary, required for Dirichlet and Neumann sensitivity boundary conditions. The flow and sensitivity fields are solved using an adaptive finite‐element method. The proposed methodology is first verified on a problem with a closed form solution obtained by the Method of Manufactured Solutions. The ability of the proposed method to provide accurate sensitivity fields for realistic problems is then demonstrated. The flow and sensitivity fields for a NACA 0012 airfoil are used for fast evaluation of the nearby flow over an airfoil of different thickness (NACA 0015). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of new NY‐ESO‐1 epitopes recognized by CD4+ T cells and presented by HLA‐DQ B1 03011
Authors: Karbach Julia , Pauligk Claudia , Bender Armin , Gnjatic Sacha , Franzmann Kerstin , Wahle Claudia , Jäger Dirk , Knuth Alexander , Old Lloyd J. , Jäger Elke
Published: September 2005

NY‐ESO‐1 is one of the most immunogenic cancer antigens eliciting strong humoral and cellular immune responses in patients with NY‐ESO‐1‐expressing malignancies. Since CD4+ T cells play a critical role in generating and maintaining antigen‐specific cellular and humoral immune responses, we searched for new NY‐ESO‐1 epitopes presented by MHC class II molecules. CD4+ T cells of patients with NY‐ESO‐1‐expressing cancer were presensitized with 18‐mer overlapping synthetic peptides spanning the entire sequence of NY‐ESO‐1. Two partly overlapping NY‐ESO‐1 epitopes p49‐66 and p55‐72 were identified as targets for NY‐ESO‐1‐specific CD4+ T cells. Peptide‐specific CD4+ T‐cell clones were generated by repetitive stimulation with NY‐ESO‐1 p49‐66 and p55‐72. Further experiments confirmed distinct specificities for the CD4+ T‐cell clones indicating that at least 2 different CD4+ T‐cell epitopes are located in the region p49‐72 of the NY‐ESO‐1 sequence. Using a set of partially histocompatible EBV‐B cell lines and MHC class II‐specific antibodies, we found that both CD4+ T‐cell epitopes were presented in the context of HLA‐DQ B1 03011(DQ7). Natural processing and presentation of these epitopes was demonstrated by recognition of an HLA‐DQ B1 03011‐ and NY‐ESO‐1‐expressing lymphoma cell line and by recognition of dendritic cells (DC) exogenously loaded with NY‐ESO‐1 protein or infected with recombinant NY‐ESO‐1 adenoviral constructs. The specific production of IFN‐γ and TNF‐α suggests that the NY‐ESO‐1‐specific CD4+ T‐cell clones belong to the Th1 subtype. The characterization of the new HLA‐DQ B1 03011‐restricted NY‐ESO‐1 peptides broadens the repertoire of epitopes that can be used to monitor NY‐ESO‐1‐specific spontaneous and vaccine‐induced T‐cell responses in cancer patients. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retracted: Transactivation of the ICAM‐1 gene by CD30 in Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Uchihara Jun‐Nosuke , Matsuda Takehiro , Okudaira Taeko , Ishikawa Chie , Masuda Masato , Horie Ryouichi , Watanabe Toshiki , Ohta Takao , Takasu Nobuyuki , Mori Naoki
Published: September 2005

Retraction: The following article has been retracted through agreement between the first author and several coauthors, the journal Editor‐in‐Chief, Peter Lichter, and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.: Uchihara, JN. Matsuda, T. Okudaira, T. Ishikawa, C. Masuda, M. Horie, R. Watanabe, T. Ohta, T. Takasu, N. Mori, N. (2006). Transactivation of the ICAM‐1 gene by CD30 in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Int J Cancer; 118 (March (5)): 1098‐1107, published online on 8 SEP 2005 in Wiley Online Library (www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com). After an investigation the retraction has been agreed due to inappropriate duplication of images and overlap with other published work.
Direct comparison of liquid‐based and conventional cytology in a South African screening trial
Authors: Taylor Sylvia , Kuhn Louise , Dupree William , Denny Lynette , De Souza Michelle , Wright Thomas C.
Published: September 2005

Our study directly compares the performance of liquid‐based (LBC) and conventional cytology for detecting high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer (CIN 2+) in high‐risk, previously unscreened women. As part of a larger randomized clinical trial assessing the efficacy and safety of a “screen and treat” program for cervical cancer prevention, 5,652 South African women, aged 35 to 65 years, were screened using either ThinPrep or conventional Papanicolaou cytology. The cytology method used (i.e., ThinPrep or conventional) was rotated on a 6‐month basis for the duration of the study. Directly following collection of the cytology specimen, all women underwent colposcopy with endocervical curettage and biopsy of all colposcopic abnormalities. Assessment of cytology and histology results was blinded and results were compared using histology‐confirmed CIN as the “gold standard.” The accuracy of LBC and conventional cytology was statistically equivalent, although the sensitivity of conventional cytology was at least 5 percentage points higher at all cutoff levels. For example, at a cytology cutoff level of low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, the sensitivity of LBC was 60.3% for CIN2+ vs. 69.1% for conventional cytology and specificity was 94.1% and 94.5%, respectively. LBC specimens were significantly less likely to be “satisfactory‐but‐limited‐by” (6.5% vs. 27.9%) but significantly more likely to be unsatisfactory (2.2% vs. 0.8%). Thus, in this high‐risk population, the sensitivity of LBC is no greater than the sensitivity of conventional cytology. Because of the higher unit cost of LBC, low resource settings should carefully consider the potential benefits and drawbacks of LBC before adopting this new technology. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intakes of vitamins A, C and E and folate and multivitamins and lung cancer: A pooled analysis of 8 prospective studies
Authors: Cho Eunyoung , Hunter David J. , Spiegelman Donna , Albanes Demetrius , Beeson W. Lawrence , van den Brandt Piet A. , Colditz Graham A. , Feskanich Diane , Folsom Aaron R. , Fraser Gary E. , Freudenheim Jo L. , Giovannucci Edward , Goldbohm R. Alexandra , Graham Saxon , Miller Anthony B. , Rohan Thomas E. , Sellers Thomas A. , Virtamo Jarmo , Willett Walter C. , Smith‐Warner Stephanie A.
Published: September 2005

Intakes of vitamins A, C and E and folate have been hypothesized to reduce lung cancer risk. We examined these associations in a pooled analysis of the primary data from 8 prospective studies from North America and Europe. Baseline vitamin intake was assessed using a validated food‐frequency questionnaire, in each study. We calculated study‐specific associations and pooled them using a random‐effects model. During follow‐up of 430,281 persons over a maximum of 6–16 years in the studies, 3,206 incident lung cancer cases were documented. Vitamin intakes were inversely associated with lung cancer risk in age‐adjusted analyses; the associations were greatly attenuated after adjusting for smoking and other risk factors for lung cancer. The pooled multivariate relative risks, comparing the highestvs.lowest quintile of intake from food‐only, were 0.96 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83–1.11) for vitamin A, 0.80 (95% CI 0.71–0.91) for vitamin C, 0.86 (95% CI 0.76–0.99) for vitamin E and 0.88 (95% CI 0.74–1.04) for folate. The association with vitamin C was not independent of our previously reported inverse association with β‐cryptoxanthin. Further, vitamin intakes from foods plus supplements were not associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer in multivariate analyses, and use of multivitamins and specific vitamin supplements was not significantly associated with lung cancer risk. The results generally did not differ across studies or by sex, smoking habits and lung cancer cell type. In conclusion, these data do not support the hypothesis that intakes of vitamins A, C and E and folate reduce lung cancer risk. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in needle biopsy/aspiration samples predict response to gefitinib therapy and survival of patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Shih Jin‐Yuan , Gow Chien‐Hung , Yu Chong‐Jen , Yang Chih‐Hsin , Chang Yih‐Leong , Tsai Meng‐Feng , Hsu Ya‐Chieh , Chen Kuan‐Yu , Su Wen‐Pin , Yang Pan‐Chyr
Published: September 2005

Recently, mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were reported to correlate with gefitinib response. Less than 30% of NSCLC patients are surgically resectable; however, molecular analysis has to rely on nonsurgical diagnostic tissue samples. The objective of this study is to investigate EGFR mutation analysis on needle biopsy/aspiration samples and its correlations with gefitinib response and patients' survival. EGFR mutation was assessed from DNA of 63 paraffin‐embedded small needle biopsy/aspiration specimens from 62 patients with NSCLC treated with gefitinib. The peripheral blood lymphocyte DNA of the patients was sequenced to verify the EGFR mutation. EGFR mutations were found in 47% of 62 patients (60% of 20 CT‐guided biopsies, 44% of 18 ultrasound‐guided biopsies, 31% of 16 endoscopic biopsies and 44% of 9 effusion cell blocks). EGFR mutations were frequently present in females (p = 0.006) and never smokers (p = 0.04). Patients with EGFR mutations had a significantly better response rate compared to that of the nonmutation group (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that EGFR mutation (p < 0.001) and PS 0–1 (p = 0.02) were independently associated with a better response rate. Cox regression analysis showed that EGFR mutation was the independent prognostic factor for progression‐free survival (p = 0.008) and overall survival (p = 0.03). In conclusion, EGFR mutation analysis is feasible in needle biopsy/aspiration paraffin‐fixed specimens. EGFR mutation is an independent predictor of gefitinib response and survival in patients of advanced NSCLC treated by gefitinib. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancing the antitumor activity of ErbB blockade with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition
Authors: Chinnaiyan Prakash , Varambally Sooryanarayana , Tomlins Scott A. , Ray Soma , Huang Shyhmin , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Harari Paul M.
Published: September 2005

Molecular inhibition of the ErbB signaling pathway represents a promising cancer treatment strategy. Preclinical studies suggest that enhancement of antitumor activity can be achieved by maximizing ErbB signaling inhibition. Using cDNA microarrays, we identified histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as having strong potential to enhance the effects of anti‐ErbB agents. Studies using a 20,000 element (20K) cDNA microarray demonstrate decreased transcript expression of ErbB1 (epidermal growth factor receptor) and ErbB2 in DU145 (prostate) and ErbB2 in SKBr3 (breast) cancer cell lines. Additional changes in the DU145 gene expression profile with potential interaction to ErbB signaling include down‐regulation of caveolin‐1 and hypoxia inducible factor 1‐α (HIF1‐α), and up‐regulation of gelsolin, p19(INK4D) and Nur77. Findings were validated using real time RT‐PCR and Western blot analysis. Enhanced proliferative inhibition, apoptosis induction and signaling inhibition were demonstrated when combining HDAC inhibition with ErbB blockade. These results suggest that used cooperatively, anti‐ErbB agents and HDAC inhibitors may offer a promising strategy of dual targeted therapy. Additionally, microarray data suggest that the beneficial interaction of these agents may not derive solely from modulation of ErbB expression, but may result from effects on other oncogenic processes including angiogenesis, invasion and cell cycle kinetics. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of α‐fetoprotein‐derived peptides recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes in HLA‐A24+ patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Mizukoshi Eishiro , Nakamoto Yasunari , Tsuji Hirokazu , Yamashita Tatsuya , Kaneko Shuichi
Published: September 2005

α‐Fetoprotein (AFP) has been proposed as a potential target forT‐cell‐based immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the number of its epitopes that have been identified is limited and the status of AFP‐specific immunological responses in HCC patients has not been well‐characterized. To address the issue, we examined the possibility of inducing AFP‐specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) using novel HLA‐A*2402‐restricted T‐cell epitopes (HLA, human leukocyte antigen) derived from AFP and then analyzed the relationship between its frequency of occurrence and clinical features associated with patients having HCC. Five AFP‐derived peptides containing HLA‐A*2402 binding motifs and showing high binding affinity to HLA‐A*2402 induced CTLs to produce IFN‐γ and kill an AFP‐producing hepatoma cell line. The frequency of AFP‐specific CTLs was 30–190 per 1 × 106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which was the same as that of other immunogenic cancer associated antigen‐derived epitopes. Analyses of the relationships between AFP‐specific CTL responses and clinical features of patients with HCC revealed that AFP epitopes were more frequently recognized by CTLs in patients with advanced HCC correlating to tumor factors or the stage of TNM classification. The analyses of CTL responses before and after HCC treatments showed that the treatments changed the frequency of AFP‐specific CTLs. In conclusion, we identified five HLA‐A*2402‐restrictedT‐cell epitopes derived from AFP. The newly identified AFP epitopes could be a valuable component of HCC immunotherapy and for analyzing host immune responses to HCC. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The fellowships of the INGs
Authors: Shi Xiaobing , Gozani Or
Published: September 2005

The inhibitor of growth (ING) family of proteins is an evolutionarily conserved family, with members present from yeast to humans. The mammalian ING proteins are candidate tumor suppressor proteins and accordingly can cooperate with p53 to arrest proliferation and induce apoptosis. ING proteins are also reported to function in the promotion of cellular senescence, the regulation of DNA damage responses and the inhibition of angiogenesis. At the molecular level, ING proteins are thought to function as chromatin regulatory molecules, acting as co‐factors for distinct histone and factor acetyl‐transferase (H/FAT) and deacetylase (HDAC) enzyme complexes. Further, ING proteins interact with a number of additional proteins involved in the regulation of critical nuclear processes, such as gene expression and DNA replication, and also function as nuclear phosphoinositide (PtdInsP) receptors. Despite the increasing number of known molecular interacting partners for ING proteins, the specific biochemical action of mammalian ING proteins and its relationship to tumor suppression remain elusive. In this Prospect, we summarize the present understanding of the binding partners and physiologic roles of ING proteins and propose a general molecular paradigm for how ING proteins might function to prevent cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
siRNA depletion of 7SK snRNA induces apoptosis but does not affect expression of the HIV‐1 LTR or P‐TEFb‐dependent cellular genes
Authors: Haaland Richard E. , Herrmann Christine H. , Rice Andrew P.
Published: September 2005

P‐TEFb is a general transcriptional elongation factor composed of Cdk9 and either cyclin T1, T2, or K. A substantial portion of P‐TEFb is associated with the 7SK small nuclear RNA (7SK) and the HEXIM1 or HEXIM2 proteins; this complex has reduced kinase activity in vitro relative to free P‐TEFb. Here we report that 7SK and HEXIM1 levels are induced in activated lymphocytes concomitantly with increased P‐TEFb activity and global transcription. We used siRNA‐mediated depletion to probe the function of 7SK in HeLa cells. Depletion of 7SK caused a large reduction in the association of HEXIM1 with Cdk9 and cyclin T1, and greatly reduced the amount of the cyclin T1 present in the 7SK/HEXIM1/P‐TEFb complex. Similar to previous studies, siRNA‐mediated depletion of 7SK resulted in increased expression of several reporter plasmids tested, including a plasmid lacking promoter elements. However, in contrast to previous studies, which did not examine the effects of 7SK depletion on endogenous gene expression, depletion of 7SK did not appear to affect the expression of the corresponding endogenous genes. Moreover, 7SK depletion had no effect on expression from the integrated HIV‐1 provirus or the c‐myc and MCL‐1 genes, three transcription units known to be highly dependent upon P‐TEFb. Importantly, depletion of 7SK was found to cause apoptosis by 72 h post‐transfection in HeLa cells. These results suggest that 7SK may provide an essential cellular function whose relation to P‐TEFb function is unclear. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suppression of myoclonus in SCA2 by piracetam
Authors: De Rosa Anna , Striano Pasquale , Barbieri Fabrizio , De Falco Arturo , Rinaldi Carlo , Tucci Tecla , Striano Salvatore , Filla Alessandro , De Michele Giuseppe
Published: September 2005

We report on a 30‐year‐old patient with advanced cerebellar degeneration due to SCA2. He presented with severe myoclonus, which was resistant to conventional therapy and dramatically improved after administration of 12–18 gm/die piracetam. Piracetam may be considered in the treatment of refractory myoclonus in spinocerebellar degenerations. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Living cationic polymerization of azobenzene‐containing vinyl ether and its photoresponsive behavior
Authors: Yoshida Tomohide , Kanaoka Shokyoku , Aoshima Sadahito
Published: September 2005

The living cationic polymerization of 4‐[2‐(vinyloxy)ethoxy]azobenzene (AzoVE) was achieved with various Lewis acids in the presence of an ester as an added base. When Et1.5AlCl1.5 was used as a catalyst, the living polymerization system was controllable by UV irradiation as a result of cis and trans isomerization of the azobenzene side groups. Furthermore, an initiating system consisting of SnCl4 and EtAlCl2 realized fast living polymerization of AzoVE. The polymerization rate of this system was 3 orders of magnitude faster than that obtained with Et1.5AlCl1.5. Poly(4‐[2‐(vinyloxy)ethoxy]azobenzene) was soluble in a diethyl ether/hexane mixture at 25 °C but became insoluble upon irradiation with UV light. This phase‐transition behavior was sensitive and reversible upon irradiation with UV or visible light and reflected the change in polarity occurring with cis and trans isomerization of the azobenzene side groups in the polymers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5138–5146, 2005
Configuration of twins in glass‐embedded silver nanoparticles of various origin
Authors: Hofmeister H. , Dubiel M. , Tan G. L. , Schicke K.‐D.
Published: September 2005

The present issue of physica status solidi (a), guest‐edited by Wolfgang Neumann, is dedicated to Professor Johannes Heydenreich, member of the Advisory and Editorial Board since 1986, on the occasion of his 75th birthday.

The journal cover shows a transmission electron micrograph of a cyclic twinned silver nanoparticle in 〈110〉 zone axis orientation that contains two pairs of stacking faults in one twin segment. The stacking sequence of atomic layers in between twin boundaries 4 and 5 is depicted in a schematic representation below.
Control of microfluidic systems: two examples, results, and challenges
Authors: Armani Micheal , Chaudhary Satej , Probst Roland , Walker Shawn , Shapiro Benjamin
Published: September 2005

This paper describes results and challenges in feedback control of microfluidic systems. Results are provided for two representative examples: control of liquid droplets by electrically actuated surface tension forces and steering of many particles at once by micro flow control. Common themes and challenges are outlined based on the authors' research programs and on the results of the March 2004 NSF workshop on ‘Control and System Integration of Micro‐ and Nano‐Scale Systems’ organized by the author. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple identities: Creating community on campus for LGBT students
Authors: Poynter Kerry John , Washington Jamie
Published: September 2005

The intersection of race, faith, and sexual orientation is a complicated place. This chapter examines students with these multiple identities and uses theory and personal accounts to illustrate the challenges of navigating community on campus.
Transgender issues on college campuses
Authors: Beemyn Brett , Curtis Billy , Davis Masen , Tubbs Nancy Jean
Published: September 2005

Colleges and universities are beginning to consider the needs of transgender students, but few understand how to offer support to this segment of the campus community. This chapter address issues and provides suggestions for student affairs professionals.
Professional associates: Journeys of colleagues in student affairs
Authors: Albin Judith A. , Dungy Gwendolyn Jordan
Published: September 2005

This chapter reflects on the simultaneous journeys of two women, one a lesbian and one an ally. One woman is a midlevel manager in student affairs while the other is the executive director of a national association
Debate and student development in the history classroom
Authors: Osborne Anne
Published: September 2005

This chapter argues that the use of debates in a core world history course can foster both authentic learning in the discipline and progress toward intellectual and ethical maturity.
Brief report: A longitudinal investigation of the relation between a negative cognitive triad and depressive symptoms in youth
Authors: Timbremont Benedikte , Braet Caroline
Published: September 2005

The present study examined self‐reported depressive symptoms and associated cognitive features by reporting data from a 1‐year longitudinal study of a community sample of 93 children and 69 adolescents. Results revealed that in childhood a negative cognitive triad appeared to be more a consequence than a predictor of depressive symptoms after 1 year. In adolescence, a negative view of the future was predictive of depressive symptoms after 1 year. A negative cognitive triad also appeared to be a consequence of depressive symptoms. The results imply that in youth depressive symptoms produce changes in the cognitive style, which may put them at risk for future episodes of depression.
Mifepristone (RU486) inhibits lateral perforant path long‐term potentiation in hippocampal slices from prenatally morphine‐exposed female rats
Authors: Velíšek Libor , Vathy Ilona
Published: September 2005

In brain slices from prenatally saline‐exposed female rats during proestrus and diestrus, long‐term potentiation (LTP) can be induced in the lateral perforant pathway (LPP). Prenatal morphine exposure suppresses LTP induction in the LPP during proestrus. Here we studied synaptic plasticity in the LPP in slices from female rats prenatally exposed to morphine. Two additional factors were investigated: the role of the estrous cycle and role of glucocorticoid receptors. Hippocampal slices were prepared from adult, prenatally saline‐ or morphine‐exposed female rats. One hour prior to decapitation, vaginal smears were obtained and the rats either in proestrus or diestrus were treated with a non‐specific glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone (RU486) or with a vehicle. LPP was stimulated with high‐frequency stimulation. Short‐tem plasticity (STP) and the induction and maintenance of long‐term potentiation (LTP) were assessed. In all groups of prenatally saline‐exposed rats, LTP was induced and maintained with the exception of RU486‐treated rats during proestrus where the LTP was induced but not maintained. In prenatally morphine‐exposed females in diestrus, both STP and LTP were induced after postnatal vehicle treatment. In morphine‐exposed, proestrous females, neither STP nor LTP were induced irrespective of the postnatal treatment. Thus, prenatal morphine exposure suppresses the induction of LTP in the LPP, except during diestrus.

Data indicate that the induction and maintenance of LTP in the LPP in hippocampal slices from female rats is multifactorial: ovarian steroids and functionality of glucocorticoid receptors cooperation are necessary for induction and maintenance of the LTP, prenatal morphine exposure interferes with this process possibly by it's long‐term effects on synaptic plasticity.
Caring for victims of sexual abuse
Authors: Cook R.J. , Dickens B.M. , Thapa S.
Published: September 2005

Recognizing sexual abuse to be universal, in stable as well as disordered societies and directed predominantly but not only against younger women, this article first considers legal definitions of sexual abuse and the forensic evidence health care providers may be expected to gather. It explores the impact on victims of historic definitions of rape, and legal reforms to dispense with proof of sexual penetration. The WHO 2003 guidelines for medico‐legal care for victims of sexual violence are noted, which emphasize the need for physical and psychological care of victims. The guidelines show that goals of treating victims and retaining forensic evidence can create a clinical dilemma. Ethical issues concern management of this dilemma, probing whether patients' psychological disturbance may have roots in past sexual abuse, and the conduct of appropriate research. It concludes that much sexual abuse is symptomatic of women's sexual subordination and disregard of their human rights.
NEAR-ISOMETRIES BETWEEN $C(K)$-SPACES
Authors: Cutland N. J. , Zimmer G. B.
Published: September 2005

Let $X$, $Y$ be compact Hausdorff spaces and let $T:C(X,\mathbb{R})\to C(Y,\mathbb{R})$ be an invertible linear operator. Non-standard analysis is used to give a new intuitive proof of the Amir–Cambern result that if $\|T\|\hskip1pt\|T^{-1}\|\lt2$, then there is a homeomorphism $\psi:Y\to X$. The approach provides a proof of the following representation theorem for such near-isometries:

$$ Tf=(T1_X)(f\circ\psi)+Sf, $$

with $\|S\|\leq2(\|T\|-(1/\|T^{-1}\|))$, so $\|S\|\lt\|T\|$. If $\|T\|\hskip1pt\|T^{-1}\|=1$, then $S=0$, giving the well-known representation for isometries.
MICROLOCAL ANALYSIS OF GENERALIZED FUNCTIONS: PSEUDODIFFERENTIAL TECHNIQUES AND PROPAGATION OF SINGULARITIES
Authors: Garetto Claudia , Hörmann Günther
Published: September 2005

We characterize microlocal regularity, in the $\mathcal{G}^{\infty}$-sense, of Colombeau generalized functions by an appropriate extension of the classical notion of micro-ellipticity to pseudodifferential operators with slow-scale generalized symbols. Thus we obtain an alternative, yet equivalent, way of determining generalized wavefront sets that is analogous to the original definition of the wavefront set of distributions via intersections over characteristic sets. The new methods are then applied to regularity theory of generalized solutions of (pseudo)differential equations, where we extend the general non-characteristic regularity result for distributional solutions and consider propagation of $\mathcal{G}^{\infty}$-singularities for homogeneous first-order hyperbolic equations.
beyond syncretism: hybridization of popular religion in contemporary thailand
Authors: kitiarsa pattana
Published: September 2005

this article challenges the dominant paradigm of ‘inclusive syncretism’ in the study of thai religion. by taking the worship of multi-original deities in the popular spirit-medium cults in contemporary thailand as a case study, it argues that practitioners and specialists working on thai religious studies need to refresh and update their analytical paradigm to incorporate the concept of ‘hybridization’.
Evaluating conditions for successful co-management of subsistence fisheries in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: NAPIER VICTORIA R. , BRANCH GEORGE M. , HARRIS JEAN M.
Published: September 2005

Conditions important for the success of co-management have repeatedly been identified, but their relative influence has not been quantitatively evaluated. To investigate the implementation of co-management in 11 subsistence fisheries within seven rural communities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, perceptions of the responsible authorities and the fishing communities were surveyed. Of 16 conditions often considered important for the success of co-management, only nine were correlated with perceived success, the most strongly correlated being (1) benefits of co-management must exceed costs of participation, (2) training and empowerment, and (3) existence of a long-term ‘champion’ to drive the process. The perceptions of the authorities concurred with those of the communities with regards to the attainment of conditions, but views on the success of co-management differed significantly owing to disagreements that were specific to three particular fisheries. Both groups agreed that co-management is a viable improvement on top-down authoritarian imposition of regulations. However, it takes time to become effective; perceived success was directly correlated with how long individual programmes had been operating. Failure to devolve power from national government to local institutions, and delays in awarding subsistence permits, remain the major stumbling blocks to full realization of co-management.
Modelling the hepatitis B vaccination programme in prisons
Authors: SUTTON A. J. , GAY N. J. , EDMUNDS W. J. , ANDREWS N. J. , HOPE V. D. , GILBERT R. L. , PIPER M. , GILL O. N.
Published: September 2005

A vaccination programme offering hepatitis B (HBV) vaccine at reception into prison has been introduced into selected prisons in England and Wales. Over the coming years it is anticipated this vaccination programme will be extended. A model has been developed to assess the potential impact of the programme on the vaccination coverage of prisoners, ex-prisoners, and injecting drug users (IDUs). Under a range of coverage scenarios, the model predicts the change over time in the vaccination status of new entrants to prison, current prisoners and IDUs in the community. The model predicts that at baseline in 2012 57% of the IDU population will be vaccinated with up to 72% being vaccinated depending on the vaccination scenario implemented. These results are sensitive to the size of the IDU population in England and Wales and the average time served by an IDU during each prison visit. IDUs that do not receive HBV vaccine in the community are at increased risk from HBV infection. The HBV vaccination programme in prisons is an effective way of vaccinating this hard-to-reach population although vaccination coverage on prison reception must be increased to achieve this.
Echocardiographic features of the morphologically right ventriculo-arterial junction
Authors: Martinez Richard M. , Anderson Robert H.
Published: September 2005

In the normal heart, the morphologically right ventricle supports the pulmonary trunk. The key to echocardiographic evaluation of the junction between these structures is to understand not only the arrangement of the pulmonary valve, but also the complete muscular infundibulum that supports the valvar leaflets, lifting the valvar complex away from the base of the ventricular mass. As explained in the previous review,1 it is the presence of this free-standing muscular infundibular sleeve that makes it possible for the surgeon to remove the pulmonary valve for use as an allograft in the Ross procedure.2 In this review, we will address the echocardiographic features of the junction, considering primarily the situation in which the morphologically right ventricle supports the pulmonary trunk, but making comparisons with the abnormal arrangements in which either the aorta, or both arterial trunks, arise from the right ventricle. As we will see, the basic arrangement of the free-standing complete muscular infundibulum, or conus, is preserved with these abnormal arrangements, but there can be variation depending on the precise arrangement of the inner heart curvature, or ventriculo-infundibular fold, and the morphology can be further changed depending on the relationship of the arterial trunks themselves. The key to analysis, therefore, and also to accurate description, is to analyse separately the way in which the arterial trunks are joined to the ventricular mass, the relationships of the trunks one to the other, and the precise structure of the supporting right ventricular outflow tract, or outflow tracts in the setting of double outlet connection. If each of these features is then described in its own right, avoiding the temptation to make inferences regarding one feature from knowledge of another, then it is possible to avoid many of the persisting controversies relating to nomenclature.