bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Combination of Femoral Tunnel Orientation in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using an Inside-out Femoral Technique Combined With an Anterolateral Extra-articular Reconstruction
Authors: Stordeur Alban , Grange Sylvain , Servien Elvire , Blache Yoann , Klasan Antonio , Putnis Sven E. , Boyer Bertrand , Farizon Frédéric , Philippot Rémi , Neri Thomas
Published: March 2022

Background:

The optimal orientation of the anterolateral extra-articular reconstruction (ALLR) femoral tunnel to avoid collision with the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) femoral tunnel is not clearly defined in the literature.

Purpose:

To define the optimal combination of orientations of the ALLR femoral tunnel and the ACLR femoral tunnel using an inside-out technique to minimize risk of collision between these tunnels.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Three-dimensional reconstruction of magnetic resonance imaging scans of 40 knees after an isolated ACLR with an inside-out femoral technique was used to assess the collision risk between ACLR and virtual ALLR tunnels. The optimal ACLR tunnel orientation was defined as having the safest distance from the ALLR tunnel. A second collision analysis was performed on all patients presenting with an optimal orientation of the ACLR tunnel to then define the optimal ALLR tunnel orientation. The potential for trochlear damage was also studied. A collision risk of 0% to 5% was considered acceptable and referred to as “low risk.”

Results:

The only ALLR tunnel orientation presenting a low risk of collision with the ACLR tunnel was with an axial angle of 40° anteriorly and a coronal angle of 0°. This orientation presented a 48% risk of trochlear damage with the guide wire of the ALLR tunnel. The more posterior the orientation of the ACLR, the larger the distance from the ALLR tunnel. Among the 22 patients presenting with an optimal ACLR tunnel (alpha angle superior to 40°), the ALLR tunnels aimed with 1 of these 3 orientations presented a low risk of tunnel collision and trochlear damage: 40° axial and 10° coronal, 35° axial and 5° coronal, or 30° axial and 0° coronal.

Conclusion/Clinical Relevance:

To minimize risk of tunnel collision or trochlear damage when combining an inside-out ACLR with an ALLR, the ACLR tunnel should be performed with a posterior orientation (alpha angle >40°), and the ALLR tunnel should be aimed with 1 of 3 orientations: 40° axial and 10° coronal, 35° axial and 5° coronal, or 30° axial and 0° coronal.
Fox Eye Effect Using a Transcutaneous Mini-Eyebrow Tail Lift
Authors: Borba André , Rodrigues Matheus
Published: March 2022

The eyebrow position is a determining factor related to facial expression, especially concerning the anatomical relationship of the eyebrow with the eyelid. The changing position of the eyebrows with aging influences the individual’s expression and can give negative emotions such as loss of vitality, sadness, and tiredness, and influence facial beauty. Numerous procedures are available to the surgeon to prevent the eyebrows from falling after upper blepharoplasty or lift them in isolation. Despite the various surgical techniques undertaken to manage the eyebrow, conventional approaches are usually more aggressive procedures involving extensive skin resection at the hairline or scalp, endoscopic elevation, and temporal and coronal approaches. Given the growing search for less aggressive procedures that patients better tolerate, this study aims to describe a less invasive variation of the Castañares technique, focused on the elevation of the eyebrow’s tail, which may or may not be associated with blepharoplasty, the Surgical Fox Eye. The technique removes an ellipse of skin above the distal third of the eyebrow close to the hair bulbs and then sutures with a direct elevation of the eyebrow tail. The technique described is ideal for several cases, as it presents predictable and satisfactory clinical outcomes as to the patients’ expectations. It also presents easy healing with extensive durability with minimal chance of complications.

Level of evidence:

Level V—Opinions of respected authorities, based on clinical experience, descriptive studies, or reports of expert committees.
A simple, safe and easily accessible polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel for wound cleaning
Authors: Li Renpeng , Panxianzhi Ni , Ye Sheng , Yuan Tun , Fan Yujiang , Zhang XingDong
Published: March 2022

Acute wounds are often contaminated by some kind of filth, and fluids are usually used to wash away the dirt, but the force of the fluid may cause secondary injury at the wound site or even increase the risk of infection. Hydrogels have several advantages over liquid scouring since they are less intense, more portable, and easier to control. In this study, poly(vinyl alcohol) was used to prepared a series of hydrogels, which were tested in terms of their properties and abilities to clean simulated dirty wounds. Simulated dirt and bacterial ( Serratia marcescens) adhesion experiments demonstrated that they could effectively adhere to a certain amount of dirt or bacteria to achieve the purpose of wound cleaning. In addition to the bacterial adhesion, the antibacterial experiments also proved that the hydrogels have a certain inhibitory effect on the proliferation of E.coli and S.aureus. The hydrogels could change shape freely and exhibited excellent biocompatibility, ductility, and self-healing capabilities, which increase their service life and make them more suitable for treating wounds or acting as protection buffers. Based on all these characteristics, the developed hydrogel may be a potentially valuable material for wound cleaning.
Travelling the World to Lecture and to Share Expertise About Breastfeeding: An Interview With Elizabeth Hormann, BA, EdM
Authors: Arendt Maryse , Hormann Elizabeth
Published: March 2022

In this issue’s Lactation Newsmakers: Documenting our History, we are featuring Elizabeth Hormann, who has been a force in breastfeeding advocacy globally for over a half century of counselling, teaching, and writing to create a better experience for breastfeeding mothers. Elizabeth Hormann was born and raised in the United States. She has a bachelor’s degree from Boston College (1967) and a master’s degree from Harvard University’s Graduate School of Education (1976). In 1972, she started training and lecturing at conferences, while raising her five breastfed children. Just after receiving her IBCLC in 1986, she changed continents moving to live and work in Germany. She was a role model, influencing the development of the IBCLC accreditation in Europe. Elizabeth Hormann was a pioneer in lecturing and sharing expertise during the 1980s, when there was a renewed interest in breastfeeding and a huge demand on breastfeeding education for health professionals. She helped to advance the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) in many countries, as a trainer and as an assessor. Over the years, she shared her expertise about relactation breastfeeding and infant feeding during emergencies. As the author and a translator of a number of breastfeeding books, her influence has been felt across Europe and Africa.
Spark ignition timing effects on a converted diesel engine using natural gas: A numerical study
Authors: Aktas Fatih
Published: March 2022

Since it is not expected to switch to fully electric and/or fuel cell vehicles in the near future, the search for alternative fuels for systems using internal combustion engines has accelerated. At the forefront of these studies is the use of natural gas instead of diesel fuel in on-road, off-road vehicles, or stationary power generation plants. Diesel engines with their special combustion chamber (i.e. bowl in-piston) can be converted to run entirely on natural gas by installing a natural gas fuel injector on the intake manifold and a spark plug instead of a diesel fuel injector. In this study, in-cylinder combustion characteristics, performance, and emission values for different Spark Ignition Time (SIT) of natural gas usage at 2300 rpm and full load in a tractor engine with a compression ratio of 17.5:1 were investigated numerically using ANSYS Forte three-dimensional analysis program. G-equation combustion model, RANS k-ε turbulence model, and methane chemical kinetic mechanism representing natural gas consisting of 29 species and 171 equations (a reduced mechanism) were used. First SIT was accepted as a 719.5 Crank Angle Degree (CAD) which is diesel injection start time. As a result, due to the special shape of the combustion chamber of diesel engines (re-entrant bowl in-piston), it was seen that the flame was faster and thicker in the bowl, while it was slower and thinner in the squish zone. With the advanced of SIT, the in-cylinder pressure ratio increased. By taking SIT too advanced (i.e. 690, 695, and 700 CAD SIT), more than one peak formation was observed in the heat release graph depending on the combustion characteristic. With the effect of both natural gas use and SIT, it was observed that HC and CO formations were almost not seen, while NOX formation remains above a certain level.
Combining extended Kalman filtering and rapidly-exploring random tree: An improved autonomous navigation strategy for four-wheel steering vehicle in narrow indoor environments
Authors: Liu Wei , Jing Cheng , Wan Ping , Ma Yongheng , Cheng Jin
Published: March 2022

Autonomous navigation in narrow indoor environments such as indoor factory, warehouse and laboratory environments, and so on requires higher flexibility and navigation accuracy of the vehicle. This article presents an autonomous navigation method for four-wheel steering vehicle which combines extended Kalman filtering (EKF) and rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT) to improve the precision and flexibility of autonomous navigation of the vehicle in narrow indoor environments. The four-wheel steering model was established by the key parameters such as shape size and minimum angle of rotation of the experimental vehicle. Considering the problem that the uncertainty of pose estimation increases with time during autonomous navigation, an error model is schemed by adding noise to the output terminal of the analog odometer sensor. In order to suppress the accumulation of the uncertainty and keep it stable for a long time, the prediction and update steps of Kalman filter are introduced to filter the error. Then, the simultaneous positioning and mapping are established. Based on accurate positioning, a set of driving paths to reach the target is generated by RRT sampling algorithm. The simulation results show that positioning uncertainty remains stable over time, which verifies the effectiveness of the method. The overall positioning percentage error is 0.21%. Compared with traditional dead reckoning algorithm, the positioning accuracy is improved by 73.1% and the vehicle flexibility is increased by 68.6%. The four-wheel steering vehicle can find an ideal trajectory in narrow indoor environments, which assures the efficiency of the autonomous navigation and the traveling quality of the navigation route. Finally, the experimental results are consistent with the simulation results, which further verifies the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
A novel neural prescribed performance control design for constrained flexible hypersonic vehicles with compensation system
Authors: Liu Yong , Li Gang , Li Ning
Published: March 2022

In this study, a novel prescribed performance function and auxiliary system are investigated for the constrained flexible hypersonic vehicles. The non-affine model of hypersonic vehicles is decomposed into velocity and altitude dynamic systems. For the velocity one, the adaptive neural prescribed controller is devised to guarantee that the tracking error converges to an arbitrary small compact. Then, the altitude dynamics subsystem is delivered as a pure feedback non-affine pattern, which gets the controller out of the dependence on precise affine model. On this premise, the exploited prescribed performance mechanism can not only avoid obtaining the initial sign of tracking error in advance but also can be employed in solving the problem that the conventional prescribed performance function could not cover the tracking error when the altitude subsystem is input constraint. And a Nussbaum-type function is employed to handle the control direction. Meanwhile, the controller utilizes a new auxiliary compensation algorithm to pursue the stable situation for the input restricted system. In order to cut down the computational burden, neural networks employ the min-learning parameter theory to approximate uncertainties in the subsystems. Finally, the simulation results convey that the presented approach has a superior dynamic and steady-state performance.
Prediction of formaldehyde and residual methanol concentration in formalin using near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Magalhães Roberto , Paiva Nádia , Ferra João M , Magalhães Fernão D , Martins Jorge M , Carvalho Luisa H
Published: March 2022

Amino resins are produced by two main processes: the strong acid process and the alkaline-acid process. Both use formaldehyde and a base (e.g. sodium hydroxide) in their formulation. In this work, Forward Interval Partial Least Squares methodology was applied to create prediction models for the determination of the concentration of formaldehyde and residual methanol (that is present in the formaldehyde solution) used in the production of amino resins. Near infrared (NIR) spectra were acquired at two different temperatures: 18 and 35°C. A Partial Least Squares calibration models were established with the measured values from reference methods: namely, sodium sulfite (formaldehyde) and gas chromatography (methanol). The performances of the best models were compared using the root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) and coefficient of determination for prediction (r2). The best results obtained a r2 above 0.994. The RMSECV values obtained were 0.063% (m/m) and 0.031% (m/m) for the formaldehyde and methanol concentration, respectively. External validation was performed using different formaldehyde solution samples. The NIR methodology presented in this work proved to be effective and enables a significant time reduction, when compared to the reference methods, in the measurement of formaldehyde and methanol concentrations.
Thermal and mechanical characterization of alumina modified multifunctional novolac epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Mishra Archana , Shukla Moksh , Shukla Manoj K , Srivastava Deepak , Nagpal Arun K
Published: March 2022

The multifunctional novolac epoxy/Al2O3 nanocomposites were fabricated by high-speed mechanical mixing of epoxy resin with varying concentration of nano Al2O3 (0–5 wt%) of particle size 13 nm for 30 min, followed by curing with triethylenetetramine (TETA) at 110°C for 1 h and post-curing at 80°C for 5 h. The fabricated nanocomposite samples were characterized for mechanical properties (viz., tensile strength, elongation-at-break, impact strength, toughness, and hardness shore D), thermal stability, and fire retardancy. It was observed that the 3 wt% nano-Al2O3 containing sample showed significant enhancement in the tensile strength, elongation-at-break, impact strength, hardness shore D, thermal stability, and fire retardancy compared to the neat epoxy sample. The Differential Scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the 3-D curing reaction between TETA and nano-alumina modified epoxy and neat epoxy samples. The reactivity effect of alumina towards resin was investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The morphological studies of nanocomposite samples were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to justify the enhancement of mechanical properties via dispersion of nanoparticles.
Multidisciplinary support for ethics deliberations during the first COVID wave
Authors: Lombart Bénédicte , Moïsi Laura , Bellamy Valérie , Landolfini Valérie , Manifacier Marie-Josée , Mesnage Valérie , Heilbrunn Charlotte , Pateron Dominique , Andro-Melin Alexandra , Fain Olivier , Carbonell Nicolas , Bourrier Anne , Thomas Caroline , Libeaut Delphine , Coichard Christian-Guy , Polomeni Alice , Guidet Bertrand
Published: March 2022

Background

The first COVID-19 wave started in February 2020 in France. The influx of patients requiring emergency care and high-level technicity led healthcare professionals to fear saturation of available care. In that context, the multidisciplinary Ethics- Support Cell (EST) was created to help medical teams consider the decisions that could potentially be sources of ethical dilemmas.

Objectives

The primary objective was to prospectively collect information on requests for EST assistance from 23 March to 9 May 2020. The secondary aim was to describe the Cell’s functions during that period.

Research design

This observational, real-time study of requests for Cell consultations concerned ethical dilemmas arising during a public health crisis. The EST created a grid to collect relevant information (clinical, patient’s/designated representative’s preferences and ethical principles strained by the situation), thereby assuring that each EST asked the same questions, in the same order.

Participants and research context

Only our university hospital’s clinicians could request EST intervention.

Ethical considerations

The hospital Research Ethics Committee approved this study (no. CER-2020-107). The patient, his/her family, or designated representative was informed of this ethics consultation and most met with EST members, which enabled them to express their preferences and/or opposition.

Findings/results

33 requests (patients’ mean age: 80.8 years; 29 had COVID-19: 24 with dyspnea, 30 with comorbidities). 17 Emergency Department solicitations concerned ICU admission, without reference to resource constraints; others addressed therapeutic proportionality dilemmas.

Discussion

Intervention-request motives concerned limited resources and treatment intensity. Management revolved around three axes: the treatment option most appropriate for the patient, the feasibility of implementation, and dignified care for the patient.

Conclusions

COVID-19 crisis forced hospitals to envisage prioritization of ICU access. Established decision-making criteria and protocols do not enable healthcare professionals to escape ethical dilemmas. That acknowledgement highlights ethical risks, enhances the added-value of nursing and encourages all players to be vigilant to pursue collective deliberations to achieve clear and transparent decisions.
Social Integration and Campus Internationalization Through Performing Arts Volunteerism
Authors: O’Neil David , Park Kyongson , A. Rodríguez-Fuentes Rodrigo
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a case is made that campus internationalization and the social integration of both domestic and international students may be fostered through volunteerism. This argument is supported by data from a survey (n = 122) of a performing arts volunteer organization at a large Midwestern public university. The survey examines the national diversity of the organization, its inclusion practices, and student perceptions of their own cross-national interactions. The results are augmented by participant-observation data from an international graduate student volunteer. Discussion includes a consideration of respondent satisfaction with the organization's diversity and inclusion practices, as well as their experience socializing and making friends while volunteering. It is worth identifying successful organizations such as the one described in this paper because the defining factor for success may depend on specific attitudes and practices.
Investigation of the properties of selected magnetorheological fluids
Authors: Fenyk Anna , Horak Wojciech , Zieliński Marek , Miękoś Ewa , Chrześcijańska Ewa , Sroczyński Dariusz
Published: March 2022

The paper presents the results of research on the rheological properties of magnetorheological (MR) fluids with different physical and chemical compositions. The research concerned complete compositions of MR fluids as well as base fluids (samples containing no particles with ferromagnetic properties). Magnetorheological fluids consisted mainly of a carrier liquid in the form of glycerin or OKS 352 silicone oil, with magnetite or iron pentacarbonyl particles. The paper demonstrates the effect of the selection of individual components of the MR fluids on their rheological properties, paying attention to the interaction of the base liquid with the particles of the solid phase of the MR fluid. Under the conditions of exposure to a magnetic field, the type of ferromagnetic particles (their magnetic properties) have a decisive impact on the magnetorheological response of the fluid (change in rheological properties due to the effect of the magnetic field on the fluid). The magnetite-based samples showed a tangential stress of 1000 Pa, while the use of iron carbonyl allowed to obtain approximately 8000 Pa (with respect to the case where B = 500 mT, [Formula: see text]). No significant differences in rheological properties were recorded between the oleic acid- and silica-stabilized samples.
Using Linguistic Ethnography to Study Video Consultations: A Call to Action and Future Research Agenda
Authors: Seuren Lucas M. , Shaw Sara E.
Published: March 2022

Video consultations are a rapidly growing service model, particularly in secondary care. Studies, mainly using trials and post-hoc surveys, have routinely documented that they can be a safe and effective means to deliver care at a distance. While video offers new opportunities to provide health services, it also constrains how patients and clinicians can interact, raising questions about feasibility, quality, and safety—questions that cannot be adequately addressed with prevailing methods and approaches. To support successful and appropriate implementation, use and spread of video consultations, we need to investigate how video changes the interaction. In this article, we use two worked examples to demonstrate how Linguistic Ethnography, a methodological approach combining ethnographic with linguistic analysis, enables a detailed understanding of how communication in video consultations works, providing an evidence base to support patients and clinicians with using this service model.
Building Effective Partnerships With Parents to Support Language Development in Young Children
Authors: Hampton Lauren H. , Stern Yael , Rodriguez Elizabeth
Published: March 2022

Building effective partnership with parents of young children with language delays has strong face value and is supported by multiple areas of research; however, building and maintaining partnerships to optimize child outcomes in practice can be difficult. This article provides a guide to teachers and speech-language pathologists who work with young children with language delays for how to collaborate toward building and maintaining effective parent partnerships. Building effective partnerships starts with, first, getting to know the family using responsive interview questions and communication rooted in clinical psychology practices; second, instructing parents to implement instructional approaches at home using effective adult learning strategies; third, maintaining partnerships through effective ongoing communication; and, finally, problem-solving with motivational interviewing. Taken together, this article presents a feasible and family-focused model for increasing implementation of language strategies across settings.
Collaboration to Support Language and Learning Outcomes for Students With Disabilities
Authors: Chow Jason C.
Published: March 2022

Special education teachers and general education teachers are individually and collaboratively responsible for meeting the needs of students with disabilities. Leveraging the expertise of speech-language pathologists (SLP) can be an important resource that teachers can use to collaboratively support the language and learning outcomes of students with disabilities. This special series features articles on how teachers, schools, and systems can strategically collaborate with SLPs and use evidence-based practices to maximize the efficiency and efficacy of assessment, instruction, and intervention for students with disabilities, including multilingual learners. This series also addresses the importance of a family-centered approach to successful collaboration. Authors focus on pedagogical practices, evidence of efficacy and effectiveness, examples for practitioner uptake and implementation, and recommendations for successful collaboration to support the language and learning outcomes of students with disabilities.
Prevalences of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents: The Comparison of ADHD and Other Clinical Samples
Authors: Jongpitakrat Kanyarat , Limsuwan Nida
Published: March 2022

Objective:

To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with ADHD and compare to other clinical samples.

Method:

A retrospective chart reviewing of 165 ADHD and 305 other clinical participants aged 6 to 18 years.

Results:

There was no statistically significant difference in terms of the prevalences of overweight and obesity between ADHD and other clinical participants. In ADHD group, the prevalences of overweight, obesity, and combined overweight/obesity were 15.8%, 20.0%, and 35.8%, respectively. In addition, male gender was significantly associated with increasing the prevalences of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with ADHD.

Conclusion:

The prevalences of overweight and obesity between ADHD and other clinical samples were not different in a clinical setting. Male gender was significantly associated with increasing the prevalences of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with ADHD.
Integrated Constraints in Creativity: Foundations for a Unifying Model
Authors: Tromp Catrinel
Published: March 2022

Despite their negative connotation, and the pervasiveness of blue-sky, outside-the-box thinking metaphors, constraints are at the heart of creativity. Using a multidisciplinary approach, as part of the Integrated Constraints in Creativity (IConIC) model, I propose that creative outcomes emerge from the successful leveraging of different types of constraints. I introduce a new, constraint-based definition of creativity, grounded in categorization theory, and parsimonious taxonomies of constraints based on which I outline testable predictions and corroborating evidence. I argue that constraints differ in terms of their flexibility (fixed, faux-fixed, or flexible) and functions (exclusionary or focusing), and in terms of whether they apply to the problem search time or the problem search space. Within the search space, constraints can refer to specific concepts or categories. I also advance a distinction between creativity maximizers and satisficers as a function of creativity goals, semantic networks, expertise, and the new constructs of constraint leveraging power and constraint leveraging mindset, that help to explain differences in successful integration of constraints for creativity and creative achievement.
Regression of treatment-resistant gyrate atrophy-associated intraretinal cystic spaces using long-term diet restriction: A case report
Authors: Elhusseiny Abdelrahman M. , Haseeb Abid , Elnahry Ayman G.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina (GA) is a rare genetic ophthalmologic condition which primarily manifests in childhood. It is characterized by hyperornithinemia and progressive chorioretinal atrophy. Patients may develop macular intraretinal cystic spaces (ICS) for which various treatment modalities have been reported. We report a patient who failed to demonstrate visual or anatomic improvement following multiple treatments for GA-associated ICS but showed improvement following prolonged dietary modification and vitamin supplementation.

Case description

A 6-year-old male patient presented with previously undiagnosed GA associated with ICS. He received 6 consecutive monthly intravitreal bevacizumab injections as well as topical nepafenac and dorzolamide for treatment of ICS without significant change detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) following treatment. He was also maintained on an arginine restricted diet with vitamin B6 supplementation. Over the course of the ensuing year, the patient was lost to follow-up due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. When he returned, his vision was stable, and OCT showed regression of the ICS. His mother reported that he had continued only on dietary restriction and vitamin B6 supplementation with no other medications or interventions. Plasma ornithine level measurement confirmed dietary compliance. Further follow-up showed continued stabilization of the condition.

Conclusion

In addition to retarding progressive chorioretinal atrophy, prolonged dietary modifications may result in improvement of treatment-resistant GA-associated ICS. Parents’ education on the value of dietary modifications for patients with GA is highly recommended.
Bilateral cytomegalovirus retinitis as the presenting feature of Dyskeratosis Congenita
Authors: Arora Atul , Singh Ramandeep , Dogra Mohit
Published: March 2022

Purpose

To describe a young male with bilateral sequential Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) as the presenting feature of Dyskeratosis Congenita

Case report

A 25-year-old human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative male developed CMVR in his left eye, while on a three week course of oral valganciclovir therapy for CMV retinitis in his right eye. Systemic examination revealed reticular hypopigmentation of the forearms, dystrophic nails, oral leukoplakia and complete blood counts showed pancytopenia. A diagnosis of Dyskeratosis Congenita was confirmed with genetic testing.

Conclusion

CMVR in non-HIV individuals should be considered as a harbinger of systemic immunosuppressive conditions. Ophthalmologists may be the first ones to suspect and diagnose congenital immunosuppressive disorders like Dyskeratosis Congenita in these patients.
Paternalism, breach, and dignity: Worker upheaval as social drama in an age of neoliberalism
Authors: Elmes Michael B
Published: March 2022

This paper considers the Market Basket upheaval of 2013–2014 from the perspective of patriarchy, breach, workplace dignity, and social drama. It draws on Lingo and Elmes original data and analytic approach to their study of food workers in a family-owned, New England, supermarket chain who, after an unexpected change to the board, rose up to restore their patriarch and paternalistic institutional practices. It reimagines the Market Basket case through the lens of Victor Turner’s social drama with a focus on key phases of the upheaval which included breach, crisis, redress, and reintegration. The paper considers the power of paternalism to unify and activate loyal, working class followers who benefit greatly from paternalistic practices and feel threatened by their removal. It also considers the risks of paternalism particularly under conditions where a charismatic patriarch has less benign intentions and workers follow with unquestioned loyalty.
How a quartet of theatres plays under an acoustic perspective: A comparison between horseshoe shaped plans in Campania
Authors: Bevilacqua Antonella , Sukaj Silvana , Ciaburro Giuseppe , Iannace Gino , Lombardi Ilaria , Trematerra Amelia
Published: March 2022

Many of the Italian Opera theatres built in small towns have not been deeply studied under an acoustic perspective compared to the most famous ones. This paper focuses the attention on small-sized theatres characterized by a horseshoe-shaped plan layout. The determination of the acoustic properties has been outlined by performing acoustic surveys inside each theatre. By analyzing the measured data, the results show comparable outcomes found inside the selected halls, with a negligible difference among them. Overall, all the four theatres have a good speech response, ranging between 0.60 and 0.74 in terms of sound transmission index (STI), with a small merit attributed to Benevento. These considerations should be combined with the sound perception with regard to the music performed inside these theatres. A trade-off between these two aspects has been well matched by the architects who were in charge to design these memorable places that nowadays are still impressive although not so many spotlights are given to them.
Downward professional mobility, cultural difference and immigrant niches: Dynamics of and changes to migrants’ attitudes towards interpersonal communication and work performance
Authors: Przybyszewska Anna
Published: March 2022

Immigrants’ labour market participation is a crucial indicator of their assimilation within the host societies. The workplace is a key site of intercultural transmission, where migrants receive opportunities to recognise, evaluate and prospectively adapt to the norms, values and standards of the new socio-cultural field. Drawing on 30 in-depth interviews with Poles working below their skill level in Norway, this article analyses two work-related areas where cultural difference is encountered: (1) interpersonal communication and (2) work performance and attitude. Migrants take jobs in niche economies, thereby working below their qualifications. Degradation limits their opportunities to encounter non-migrants and hinders them from recognising the cultural codes typical for the host community. A purely occasional contact with non-migrants leads to numerous cultural misunderstandings and cultural distrust in the long term. Those migrants who work outside of immigrant niches more easily comprehend cultural differences; as a result, they more effectively adapt in Norway. In the Bourdieu-inspired theoretical framework, I propose to recognise ‘moments of consciousness’ of the habitus as key moments in the reflexive adaptation process, offering a new perspective on habitus change as an element of adaptation to a new socio-cultural working environment.
Shaping institutional overlap: NATO’s responses to EU security and defence initiatives since 2014
Authors: Schuette Leonard August
Published: March 2022

This article analyses how and when institutional actors can shape overlap with other international organisations. Growing overlap either poses the threat of marginalisation to the incumbent organisation or offers opportunities for cooperation. Institutional actors should therefore be expected to try shape the relations with the overlapping organisation to protect their own. The article theorises that institutional actors can shape overlap if they possess sufficient institutional capacity and face a favourable opportunity structure. Whether institutional actors embrace or resist overlap, in turn, depends on their perception of the nature of the domain expansion of the other international organisation. Relying on 20 interviews with senior officials, the article probes the argument against the case of the growing overlap between the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the European Union resulting from the latter’s recent security and defence initiatives. Contrary to most expectations, it finds that the North Atlantic Treaty Organization actors played a consequential role in restructuring the relationship with the European Union.
Basic Income and the Social Investment State: Towards Mutual Reinforcement?
Authors: Martinelli Luke , Vanderborght Yannick
Published: March 2022

Is a social investment strategy compatible with the provision of an unconditional basic income? Prima facie, these two scenarios look like incongruent policy alternatives. While social investment – an influential policy paradigm at the level of the European Union – aims at promoting public services and maximum labour market participation, basic income is paid in cash and has sometimes been presented as the key component of a post-work future. In this article, we explore this apparent incongruence and show that these two visions for welfare reform are not necessarily incompatible. We argue that they may share a number of substantial points of agreement, and indeed may reinforce one another according to a logic of institutional complementarity. In particular, we claim that a partial basic income (i.e., a modest unconditional income guarantee, whose amount would be insufficient if one lives alone) could enhance or complement the key functions of a social-democratic version of the social investment strategy. By doing so, we conclude that the integration of a basic income into a social investment package could contribute to overcoming criticisms of the social investment agenda. At the same time, it could rescue basic income from the numerous critics who see it as an unrealistic policy proposal.
The home environment and current dermatitis in Japanese junior high school children in Kansai area
Authors: Takaoka Motoko , Suzuki Kyoko , Norbäck Dan
Published: March 2022

There is little information on indoor risk factors for dermatitis in Japan. We studied associations between dermatitis in Japanese junior high school students in Hyogo prefecture and the home environment. A standardised questionnaire was sent to students in four schools (12–15 years old), 1048 (99%) participated. Data on the home environment was collected by the questionnaire. Associations were analysed by multilevel logistic regression in mutually adjusted models, calculating odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. A total of 15.2% reported current dermatitis, 8.8% cat allergy, 6.1% dog allergy, 6.0% mould allergy, 25.7% pollen allergy and 32.3% any allergy (a history of atopy). Female gender (OR 1.65), a history of atopy (OR 2.14), new building materials (indoor paint or floor materials) (OR 1.59), dampness or indoor mould (OR 1.51) and windowpane condensation in winter (OR 1.45) were associated with current dermatitis. The association between window pane condensation and dermatitis was stronger in students without a history of atopy (interaction p=0.02). In conclusion, dampness, indoor mould and window pane condensation in wintertime can be household risk factors for dermatitis in adolescents. Chemical emissions from new building materials, especially paint and floor materials, can be another risk factor.
The translation of multimedia news stories: Rewriting the digital narrative
Authors: Hernández Guerrero María José
Published: March 2022

This article presents a case study that examines the translation of multimedia news stories, a journalistic narrative that presents news using two or more media formats, such as spoken and written word, moving and still images or graphics, including interactive and hypertextual elements. The research focuses on the news reports of the digital newspaper Theguardian.com which is translated by Eldiario.es, a digital Spanish newspaper. Drawing on a corpus of 30 pairs (of English and Spanish versions), I explore the strategies used by journalists in preparing the multimedia news story for its new audience. The methodology used combines comparative content analysis with a semi-standardised interview with the head of the International section of Eldiario.es. Translated news reports are respectful of the original written content from Theguardian.com but they replace multimedia content with other, different, content. The discursive effects of these substitutions are discussed and the reasons underlying these changes are analysed. The findings suggest that substitution of hypermedia content facilitates intercultural circulation of the multimedia journalistic narrative, but the modification of these contents on the part of the target medium produces its own range of effects.
Overlaps and accumulations: The anatomy of cultural non-participation in Finland, 2007 to 2018
Authors: Heikkilä Riie , Lindblom Taru
Published: March 2022

There is a fervent belief that culture is, among other desirable ideals, “good for you.” This has been the baseline of the cultural policies in many countries. Through cultural policies, some forms of cultural participation over others are subvented through public funding, which makes it yet more important to ask which groups intentionally withdraw—or are left out—from which forms of it. We address the debate on cultural non-participation by scrutinizing nationally representative and longitudinal survey data from Finland, a Nordic welfare country with allegedly low social and cultural hierarchies, for years 2007 and 2018. We explore the changes in cultural non-participation by asking whether the main frequencies of cultural non-participation have changed between 2007 and 2018, what forms of different cultural non-participation patterns can be distinguished, and which socioeconomic factors best predict which form of cultural non-participation most in both years. Finally, we ask whether certain everyday forms of participation would compensate or complement non-existing cultural participation. We find three main cultural non-participation patterns: highbrow avoidance, mainstream avoidance, and nightlife avoidance. While the changes in non-participation look small from the macro level, their internal dynamics face a steep change between 2007 and 2018. Especially higher education becomes a continuously more significant factor for any kind of cultural activity. We also show that cultural participation is not compensated by everyday activities as often claimed in the literature, but that cultural and everyday non-participation overlap. Our results indicate that the alleged egalitarianism in Finland does not reach cultural participation: avoiding most forms of participation is more and more related to socio-economic differences reflecting social and cultural hierarchies.
Reply to my critics
Authors: Shachar Ayelet
Published: March 2022

In this response essay, Ayelet Shachar replies to her critics, pushing beyond the arguments developed in her most recent book, The Shifting Border, to probe new ideas. Specifically, she elaborates five avenunes for exploration: dethorning the state as the exclusive decisionmaker on migration; finding the tools to alleviate oppression in the criticized practices themselves; identifying rights and duty-bearers; exposing the spatial dimension of structural injustice; and revisiting the role of territory as mediating equality.
Probabilistic machine learning for detection of tightening torque in bolted joints
Authors: Miguel Luccas P , Teloli Rafael de O , da Silva Samuel , Chevallier Gaël
Published: March 2022

Observing the loss of tightening torque using modal parameters is challenging due to the variability and nonlinear effects in bolted joints. Thus, this paper proposes a combined application of two probabilistic machine learning methods. First, a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is learned using estimated natural frequencies, assuming the tightening torque in a safe situation. This probabilistic model can assuredly detect the lack of torque using indirect vibration measures in other unknown states by computing a damage index. A Gaussian process regression (GPR) is also learned considering a set of torque and damage index pairs in several conditions. The GPR model interpolates a curve to supply an estimative of the tightening torque for other conditions not used in this learning. An illustrative application is performed considering the Orion beam, an academic-scale specimen composed of a lap-joint configuration that retains the friction surface in contact patches. The structure is subjected to a random vibration with a controlled RMS level and several tightening torque conditions to identify the modal parameters. The probabilistic model learning via the GMM and GPR can detect adequately, with a low number of false diagnoses, the actual state of torque using an indirect measure of vibration, that is, without the need for a torque sensor on each bolt.
Department of Humanism and Bioethics at the Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia: An update based on 8 years of service
Authors: Prieto-Martínez Paula , Rodríguez Suárez Nathalia , Zárate-Velasco Diana Lucía
Published: March 2022

A humane and respectful treatment of patients by the staff has inspired the creation of the Department of Humanism and Bioethics at the University Hospital of Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá which not only has met, but even surpassed established goals. Since 2013, the Department has developed different activities that have made it possible to respond more ethically to the daily needs of patients and to strengthen other humanization processes. Currently, the Department of Humanism and Bioethics addresses five lines of work: a continuing education program, an assistance advisory program, support, and strengthening of existing committees, support for the activities of our institutional humanization program and research activities. This article updates the experience of this Department, specifically focusing on notable changes in the last years.
Rethinking School Suspensions
Authors: Kupchik Aaron
Published: March 2022

When used too frequently, exclusionary school punishment like out-of-school suspensions are ineffective and harmful. The harms to students are clear, though excessive use of school suspensions also impacts entire schools, students’ families, and communities. Because youth of color are at greater risk of school punishments, these harms disproportionately limit their life opportunities and exacerbate racial inequality. To better understand how and why we punish students the way we do, sociologists need to understand school punishment as rooted in a historical legacy of racial oppression and denial of educational opportunities to Black children.
How Clothes Harm the Environment
Authors: Tabishat Tala
Published: March 2022

Every year the fashion industry sells 80 billion pieces of clothes to customers globally, generating $1.2 trillion in revenue. This hyper-exaggerated business model, known as fast fashion, is characterized by a super-fast turnaround of products and extraordinarily low prices. Fast fashion is critically challenged because it exploits workers, its environmental impact, and the detrimental effects of a growing global second-hand clothing trade on textile manufacturing in the Global South. This essay explores these issues and provides possible strategies to counter the fashion industries’ negative consequences.
A Legacy of Fearlessness
Authors: Moyer Laura P.
Published: March 2022

This book review describes an edited volume co-authored by the late Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg and her former law clerk, Amanda Tyler.
Preventing Campus Sexual Violence
Authors: Gleckman-Krut Miriam , Armstrong Elizabeth A. , Bonar Erin E.
Published: March 2022

To reduce campus sexual violence, administrators must work with faculty experts in structural inequalities to develop, implement, evaluate, and share structural-level policy interventions.
Stimulation of Erythrocyte Membrane Blebbing by Bifenthrin Induced Oxidative Stress
Authors: Mukhtar Fatima , Jilani Kashif , Bibi Ismat , Mushtaq Zahid , Bari Khan Maham Abdul , Fatima Maria
Published: March 2022

Background

Bifenthrin is an insecticide and anti-estrogenic compound primarily used to control residential pests by depolarizing sodium gated voltage channels in the nervous system. Eryptosis, the suicidal death of erythrocytes, featured by PS exposure, membrane blebbing and cell shrinkage. Anemia is an outcome of uncontrolled eryptosis.

Research Design

In this study, erythrocytes were treated with different concentrations (.5-1-1.5 μM) of bifenthrin over a period of 48 hours. In order to investigate the oxidative stress induced by bifenthrin, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were investigated.

Results

Obtained data indicated the decrease in the enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) activities in bifenthrin treated cells at 1 μM concentration. In addition, measurement of cell size and confirmation of the role of calcium in the stimulation of the eryptotic activity of bifenthrin were performed. A significant increase in mean cell volume was found in the presence of bifenthrin and a decrease in mean cell volume in the presence of calcium channel blocker was observed. Similarly, there was also a significant increase in the percentage of hemolysis indicating the necrotic activity of bifenthrin.

Conclusions

It is concluded that the indicated doses of bifenthrin triggered oxidative stress which may lead to early cell death by eryptosis and hemolysis.