bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problems of the Development of the Eurasian Economic Integration: How to Resolve Them?
Authors: Glazyev S. Yu.
Published: October 2022

Aim. Substantiation of the thesis on the need to increase the annual growth of the EAEU economy by 6–8% through the implementation of a unified strategy for the accelerated development of target indicators as the level of economic development converges, their sustainable convergence and the activation of the existing production and scientific and technical potential of the Union Member States. At the same time, the nationally oriented financial policy of the Bank of Russia should play an important role.Tasks. Rationale:– the need to supplement the target development scenario presented in the Guidelines for the Economic Development of the EAEU until 2030 with a strategy for accelerated development and solving national security problems;– formation of a nationwide macroeconomic policy, including its monetary component;– carrying out deoffshorization of the economy and stopping the unauthorized export of capital;– supplementing the Eurasian economic integration with monetary, monetary, educational, scientific and technical policies and the transition to national currencies in mutual trade and investment in the EAEU, CIS, BRICS, SCO.Methods. Macroeconomic modeling, methods of mathematical statistics, big data analysis, demographic analysis.Results. The necessity of a significant refinement of the main directions of the unified state monetary policy of Russia, which ensures its entry into the sixth technological order and the irreversible convergence of the production and scientific and technical potential of the EAEU member states, is substantiated.Conclusion. The proposed comprehensive approach will make it possible to fully implement the adopted Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025, lay the foundations for a new stage of integration with the achievement of significant milestones set in the interests of the countries and peoples of our integration association.
Countering Extremism and Terrorism Among Youth — the Age of Digitalization
Authors: Dolzhenkova E. , Mokhorova A. Yu. , Danshina N. A. , Kliniskiy A. I.
Published: October 2022

This study is based on the thesis that ensuring a favorable socio-political environment is one of the priority tasks of both society as a whole and law enforcement agencies of the state. The study is aimed at studying the situation of young people as the most vulnerable representatives of society in the face of dangerous ideological phenomena, unable to withstand these challenges.Aim. Identify measures that can counteract extremism and terrorism in the digital space among young people.Tasks. Consider the current legislation of the Russian Federation, on the basis of which educational and career guidance activities are carried out among the younger generation. To study the practice of applying measures aimed at countering extremism and terrorism. Evaluate the measures applied in practice and make suggestions for their improvement and updating.Methods. The current regulatory legal acts that are used in the implementation of educational programs to counter extremism and terrorism are analyzed. Career-oriented practices, programs of higher and additional education applied on the territory of the Russian Federation are also subject to consideration.Results. Within the framework of higher educational institutions, active work is carried out with students, which is expressed both in the preparation of scientific and pedagogical personnel for subsequent work with students, and information and discussion platforms are organized. Particular attention is paid to the work to involve students in practical activities in the framework of security.Conclusions. Information and educational work with young people in the framework of countering extremism and terrorism is carried out in sufficient volume. But the measures that can ensure the safety of the younger generation on the Internet are not sufficient, which it seems possible to make up for by creating and spreading the practices of cyber teams and involving students in working with digital platforms under the guidance of mentors from among the scientific and pedagogical staff of educational institutions.
External Factors of the Armenian-Azerbaijani Conflict in the Context of the Second Karabakh War
Authors: Shumilov M. M. , Shumilov Yu. M.
Published: October 2022

Aim. To identify the features of the behavior of external actors in the South Caucasus during the Second Karabakh War and rank them according to the degree of influence on the events, outcomes, and settlement of the post-conflict situation.Tasks. To find out the main reasons for Armenia’s military defeat, as well as the extent of involvement in the armed conflict and post-conflict settlement of Turkey, Great Britain, Iran, the USA, France, the OSCE Minsk Group and the EU.Methods. Among the techniques and ways to achieve the stated goal of the study, the methods of comparative analysis, which allowed by comparing the degree of involvement and role in the conflict to identify beneficiaries and the most promising applicants for participation in post-conflict settlement; structural and functional analysis aimed at identifying connections, relationships and mediations between the participants of the events under consideration.Results. The analysis of the interested and motivated behavior of Turkey, Iran, the UK, the USA, France, the Minsk Group, and the EU in the 44-day armed conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan was carried out. An attempt is made to rank external actors according to the degree of influence on the course and outcome of the war; the main reasons for Armenia’s military defeat are established; Iran’s behavior and role in the conditions of war and post-conflict settlement are characterized; Azerbaijan’s support in the conflict by the countries of the Turkic Council is shown; the involvement of Turkey and Great Britain in the war is established; The role of Russia in the end of the war was determined; the positions of the USA and France as co-chairs of the OSCE Minsk Group were clarified; the EU’s application for mediation in the settlement of the Armenian-Azerbaijani contradictions was assessed.Conclusions. Contrary to numerous opinions about the paralysis of Russia’s political will in the South Caucasus, it was Russia that, following the results of the Second Karabakh War, managed to strengthen its position and role in regional politics, unite its allies — Armenia and Azerbaijan — around it, inspire them with an understanding of the need to end armed confrontation in the conflict zone, and propose a realistic program of joint actions towards its political settlement.
Some Aspects of Party Cooperation between Kazakhstan and China
Authors: Wang Lulu
Published: October 2022

The article reveals the issues of multifaceted cooperation and development of China and Kazakhstan in the framework of the joint construction of “One Belt, One Road” and the economic policy of Kazakhstan “Nurly Zhol” (“Bright Road”).Aim. Put forward proposals to promote the development of Kazakh-Chinese trade based on a study of the current situation in the development of Kazakh-Chinese relations and cooperation relations within the framework of the “One Belt, One Road” and an analysis of limiting factors.Tasks. Consider the key ideas underlying the two plans, identify the main scope and areas of cooperation, analyze the prospects for the implementation of the international cooperation project and the achievements achieved so far.Methods. To compare the practices of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the Nurly Zhol Plan, a comparative analysis method was adopted to identify the existing advantages and disadvantages of development. The method of bibliographic data analysis was also used in the article. By searching and studying scientific materials and works of domestic and foreign scientists, deepen the understanding of the impact and features of the One Belt, One Road initiative on Kazakhstan.Results. On the basis of specific achievements of cooperation, constructive proposals were put forward for the further development of Chinese-Kazakh cooperation. In order to smoothly promote cooperation between the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the Bright Road, it is necessary to further improve common procedures and docking mechanisms, to fully use the communication capabilities of the SCO to promote economic cooperation.Conclusion. One Belt One Road and Nurly Zhol have achieved strong complementarity. The cooperation between them has satisfied the development needs of Kazakhstan and China. But the security of cooperation requires serious attention. China, Kazakhstan, and even the countries of Central Asia should jointly raise security awareness and deepen cooperation in non-traditional security areas within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and deepen the connection between the SCO and other regional security mechanisms.
State Capitalism in Russia: A Review Article (Part 2)
Authors: Zhuravlev O. M. , Matveev I. A.
Published: October 2022

The article reviews current scholarship and debates on state capitalism as well as studies of this phenomenon in Russia.Aim. This article aims to review current scholarly debates on state intervention in the Russian economy and identify key positions in this field.Tasks. In the second part of the article, we review the existing research on state capitalism in Russia.Methods. This article compares scholars’ positions and identifies divisions in the field.Results. In the second part of the article, we show that, since the early 2000s, Russia was widely seen as a paradigmatic case of the state’s return to interventionist policies. We demonstrate that the first wave of studies in the 2000s, with a few exceptions, considered state capitalism in Russia to be an instrument of patronage and rent-seeking. However, subsequent research questioned this claim. State capitalism in Russia was now seen as an instrument of solving social problems, particularly in monotowns, a geopolitical tool and a way of defending national sovereignty, as well as a vehicle for financialization.Conclusion. Multiple empirical studies of state capitalism in Russia published in the 2010s demonstrate its complexity and versatility. However, the results of empirical research are yet to be systematized and the Russian political economy still lacks a macro analysis that would consider all of its structural and institutional dimensions.
Problems of Sino-Russian Energy Cooperation
Authors: Li Ying
Published: October 2022

The article deals with the problems of cooperation between the PRC and the Russian Federation in the energy sector.Aim and tasks. To identify the main causes of problems and difficulties in the process of cooperation between the PRC and the Russian Federation in the context of modern international relations based on the analysis of expert assessments of Chinese and Russian scientists on the prospects for energy cooperation between the PRC and the Russian Federation.Methods. The comparative method, the method of generalization and expert analysis were used as research methods.Results. When considering the problems of energy cooperation between the PRC and the Russian Federation, it was noted that, despite the objectively favorable conditions for interaction, there are difficulties in the implementation of specific energy cooperation projects: the lack of long-term energy strategic planning, the insufficient level of mutual trust between the two countries, a certain inconsistency in the position of the government and specific enterprises, as well as the impact of fierce competition in the international energy market.Conclusions. For the rapid and stable development of Sino-Russian energy cooperation, China and Russia need to strengthen mutual trust through the expansion of comprehensive meetings and consultations, convergence of the legislative framework, which will make it possible to strengthen the position of energy cooperation in the face of growing sanctions pressure from the United States and its allies.
Public, International Legal and Economic Aspects of Creating a System for Studying Corruption in the EAEU Member States
Authors: Mishalchenko Yu. V. , Zoroyan S. G. , Dovbush T. N.
Published: October 2022

The article considers new approaches to the creation of a corruption research system. The authors point out that modern economic and legal methods for calculating corruption indices either do not take into account all manifestations of corruption or are highly influenced by political factors. The authors substantiate the need to apply a unified methodology for studying the level of corruption within the framework of the EAEU.Aim. Propose at the EAEU level the use of a comprehensive economic and legal methodology for studying the level of corruption, which, along with traditional methods, involves the active use of an artificial intelligence system — storage, transmission and processing of big data to detect corruption manifestations.Tasks. Determine the legal and economic foundations for studying the level of corruption in the Russian Federation and in the EAEU countries, as well as identify legal problems that impede the creation of uniform standards for studying corruption in the EAEU countries.Methods. In this study, methods of comparative law, methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as methods of deduction and induction were used.Results. In the course of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that there are a number of problematic economic and legal aspects both at the national level and at the international level in the field of corruption research. These problems are expressed in the absence of unified national and international standards that allow an impartial assessment of the level of corruption in the EAEU countries.Conclusion. As a result of the analysis of the identified problems, the authors propose ways to solve them through the creation of unified information economic and legal systems in the field of corruption research within the framework of the EAEU.
Features of International Legal Regulation of Foreign Trade Contracts
Authors: Kirilenko V. P. , Mishalchenko Yu. V. , Vasileva E. V.
Published: October 2022

The article conducts a study to determine the mechanism of effective legal regulation of the content of foreign trade contracts when establishing mutually beneficial relations between participants in a foreign economic transaction who are subjects of law of different states by type of economic activity in accordance with and in accordance with the terms agreed by the parties on the basis of the applicable norms of national and international law and the legislation of the countries regulating these legal relations in foreign economic activity.Aim. To propose the most optimal directions for improving the legal regulation of the content of foreign trade contracts in the system of international integration.Tasks. To determine the legal basis for regulating foreign trade contracts in modern integration processes; to investigate the legal aspects, specifics and procedure for concluding foreign trade contracts, as well as to identify legal problems that hinder the development of these legal relations.Methods. In this research we used methods of comparative law, methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as methods of deduction and induction.Results. In the course of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that there are some problematic aspects of both national and international regulation in the field of foreign trade contracts. These problems are expressed in the absence of a single legal regulation for the conclusion and execution of foreign trade contracts, the presence of specific requirements for the content of the contract in different countries, and as a result, the appearance of conflicts at the stage of agreement of the text of the contract by partners from different countries, as well as in the absence of a single legal mechanism ensuring fair resolution of disputes between the parties to the contract.Conclusion. As a result of the analysis of the actual problems associated with the lack of the necessary comprehensive legal regulation of the content of foreign trade contracts, the authors propose optimal ways to solve them by harmonizing legislation at the international level in order to humanely and fairly bring together the legislations of states and establish comparable regulatory legal regulation in relation to the legal regulation of the content, conclusion and execution of a foreign trade contract.
On the Application of Multidimensional Statistical Procedures in the Analysis of the Prospects for Cooperation between the EAEU and ASEAN
Authors: Titovich A. M. , Toropygin A. V.
Published: October 2022

This study discusses the results of using multidimensional statistical procedures in the analysis of development prospects and the state of regional integration of the countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in the horizon of 2030.Aim. Determine the development prospects and effectiveness of regional organizations, ASEAN and EAEU, as of 2030.Tasks. To identify the current trend in the development of the processes of regional cooperation and integration of the ASEAN countries and the EAEU countries, to determine and predict the state of the processes of regional cooperation and integration of the discussed regional associations in the context of the types and scenarios for the development of regional organizations proposed by the Eurasian Development Bank.Methods. The study used the work of the Eurasian Development Bank, the Regional Integration Database (RIDB), the open data of the World Bank, and the data of the ASEAN statistical portal. The research methodology was based on the assumption that, based on multivariate statistical procedures, it is possible to establish a different in time, the position of a regional organization in its relatively homogeneous group. The group (cluster) was taken (taken) in accordance with a typology provided by the Center for Integration Studies of the Eurasian Development Bank. The construction of time series models was carried out in accordance with the ARIMA methodology.Results. With the help of cluster analysis, similarities and differences were determined in relation to the distance of the object under study to the center of a homogeneous reference group. Thus, it was possible to establish the position of regional international organizations, ASEAN and EAEU, differing in time in their relatively homogeneous group. In addition, the processes of regional cooperation and integration are non-linear and non-unidirectional, accompanied byboth convergence and divergence.Conclusion. With regard to ASEAN, the possibility of reducing its effectiveness as a regional organization in the perspective of 2030 has been established, this situation is explained by the implementation of the hedging policy by the key actors in the region in the context of the growing competition between the United States and China.With regard to the EAEU, it has been established that the organization in the horizon of 2030 has significant opportunities for its development as an active organization in the post-Soviet space. However, such a prospect will depend on timely actions of the Russian Federation that meet the challenges and threats of sanctions pressure.
The progress toward more sustainable energy, water and environmental systems approaches and applications
Authors: Raskovic Predrag , Cvetanovic Gradimir , Vujanovic Milan , Schneider Daniel , Guzovic Zvonimir , Duic Neven , Oka Simeon
Published: October 2022

This editorial provides an overview of ten scientific articles published as
the Special paper selection in Thermal Science. The papers were selected
from almost six hundred contributions, presented at the 16th Conference on
Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES
2021), held on October 10-15, 2021 in Dubrovnik, Croatia. The topics covered
in the Special paper selection include economics of electricity markets,
nuclear technology, repowering of the coal-based power plant, hybrid
renewable energy system, sustainable biomass handling and conversion,
post-combustion emissions control, and efficient cooling technology. The
editorial also emphasised the papers recently published in the Special
Issues of leading scientific journals dedicated to the series of SDEWES
Conferences.
CALIBRATION OF QUARTZ ELECTRONIC STOPWATCHERS COMPARISON METHOD USING A DIGITAL CAMERA
Authors:   State Enterprise “Ukrmetrteststandard”, Meshcheriak Oleh , Velychko Oleh ,   State Enterprise “Ukrmetrteststandard”
Published: October 2022

Measurement of time intervals with low accuracy on intervals from a few seconds to several hours or days is relevant for some broad applications in various fields of activity. Such measurements are widely used in the technological processes of various enterprises during the preparation and quality control of the preparation of medicines, during the maintenance of technical equipment and mechanisms, chemical technological processes, etc. For such measurements, manual electronic quartz stopwatches are widely used, which, despite their not too high measurement accuracy, must guarantee users the accuracy of measurements within the tolerance established by the technical documentation, since the risks of using untested measuring equipment are quite high, or generally unacceptable especially in the medical field. The issue of calibrating quartz electronic stopwatches by various methods remains relevant for many of their applications. The article discusses the calibration of quartz electronic stopwatches by the method of comparison using a digital camera. A calibration scheme for stopwatches was developed and a calibration measurement model was created based on the developed calibration scheme. The contribution of each component of the measurement model to the calibration result and the corresponding uncertainties of the model components were determined. The measurement uncertainty budget was made based on the proposed stopwatch calibration model. The influence of the most significant influential values on the accuracy of measurement results was analyzed. The content of quantitative and qualitative correction indicators, which must be taken into account during calibration to achieve the highest accuracy of measurements, is revealed. The method of calibrating stopwatches described in the article can be used in calibration laboratories that have the appropriate equipment and standards.
Возможности искусственного интеллекта в поиске приемных родителей для детей-сирот
Authors: Лаврентьева Зоя И.
Published: October 2022

Во Введении обозначена потребность использования искусственного интеллекта в организации контактов между приемными родителями и детьми, оставшимися без попечения родителей. Актуальность темы вызвана необходимостью учета многочисленных переменных характеристик будущей замещающей семьи и принимаемого ребенка. Новизна исследования заключается в изучении возможности искусственного интеллекта с помощью независимых показателей найти совпадения запросов семьи и ребенка. В разделе «Методы» описывается анализ передовой педагогической практики использования цифровой платформы «Все свои», созданной специалистами Благотворительного фонда «Солнечный город» г. Новосибирска. В настоящее время на платформе зарегистрировано 570 детей, 140 специалистов служб сопровождения и опеки, создано 200 личных кабинетов кандидатов в приемные родители. Теоретической основой обращения к искусственному интеллекту в поиске семьи для детей-сирот являются: научность сведений, принятых в качестве наполнения содержания цифровой платформы; ориентированность на человека и его гуманистическую составляющую; адресность; опосредованность взаимодействия с чиновниками; нацеленность на общественную солидарность.

В разделе «Результаты» отражается, что в качестве педагогических условий эффективности использования искусственного интеллекта в поиске приемных родителей для ребенка выступают: сопровождение участников платформы специалистами; наглядность получения информации о ресурсах семьи для конкретного ребенка посредством матриц совпадения запросов семьи и ребенка; вовлеченность родителей в самоанализ ресурсов семьи и личностных ресурсов; использование платформы как предварительного этапа, за которым обязательно следует личное взаимодействие приемных родителей со специалистом службы сопровождения. В Обсуждении результатов говорится, что создание платформы «Все свои» является первой попыткой в Российской Федерации использовать искусственный интеллект с целью организации встречи ребенка и его будущей приемной семьи. В Заключении автором отмечается, что впервые были раскрыты теоретические предпосылки и выявлены педагогические условия использования цифровой платформы, позволяющие учитывать максимально возможные критерии ресурсности семьи и ребенка.
GENITAL ENDOMETRIOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH INFERTILITY
Authors: Bakun O. , Yuzko O.
Published: October 2022

The problem of infertility has an important socio- medical signiﬁ cance, which is due to a sharp decline infertility in the context of current crisis. Despite many years of research, endometriosis remains a disease with uncertain etiology. Its prevalence is constantly increasing and accounts for 15-50% of the entire population of women of reproductive age. The high social signiﬁ cance of the problem of endometriosis is determined by the fact that 30-40% of women with endometriosis suﬀ er from infertility. A retrospective analysis of 485 case histories of female patients who applied to Yuzko Medical Center for infertility in the period 2019-2022 was conducted. The main group (I) consisted of 435 women with infertility associated with endometriosis. Control (II) consisted of 50 women with tubal- peritoneal factor infertility. The obtained results are processed by the method of variation statistics. It was found that in women with infertility associated with endometriosis, pain was observed in 305 patients (70.2%).The dependence of the pain syndrome on menstruation was noted (60.2% of cases). Primary infertility was found in 40.3% of patients of group I and 84.6% of group II, secondary infertility was diagnosed in 38% of group I and 21% of patients of group II which is 73.6% (main group) and 10 women (21.3%) of the control group. Type I – 114 (26.4%) women of the main group and 42 women (84.6%) of the control group. In the case of the studied patients (group I), an increase in CA 125 was detected in only 25.8% of cases among all studied for this parameter.
Brand position in the eyes of customers: assessment of selected airlines by the passengers' online reviews
Authors: Hoffmann Natalia
Published: October 2022

Motivation: The motivation to write an article on airlines was the desire to rank them based on customer reviews and see how these reviews reflect the actual brand image. The opinions that companies collect about themselves have a very strong power when it comes to building its reputation.
Aim: The aim of the study was to use digital transformation and transform raw data into specific information that expressed customer emotions to create a profile of selected airlines. A secondary goal of the article was also to check how the analyzed airlines perform in similar areas.
Materials and methods: The data used for the analysis was collected from the eSky.com website and covers the 2019-2020 period. The airlines concerned by the customer reviews were LOT, Ryanair, Wizzair, Czarter, EasyJet, Lufthansa and Laudamotion. Their selection was dictated by the number of opinions necessary to conduct the analysis. The research based on the use of data mining techniques, but it should be noted that most of it uses text mining tools. Topic modelling was used to prepare the data properly and assign each word to groups with similar themes. In order to obtain information whether a given opinion has a positive, negative or neutral tenor, sentiment analysis was used. The final part of the analysis was based on the net sentiment score indicator. The entire analysis was carried out in the R-Studio.
Results: The most common subjects of opinions written by customers were "delay", "service", "boarding" and "airline". It was confirmed that the opinions of each airline concern different topics, although some common topics were noticeable. Two topics were repeated among the 7 analyzed airlines: "service" and "delay". Based on the sentiment analysis, for the Ryanair airline the percentage of negative opinions was highest and equal to 35%, almost 40%, of neutral opinions fell on the WizzAir airline and the largest percentage of positive feedback, as much as 46%, was attributed to EasyJet. EasyJet line looks the best in the eyes of customers. The line that evoked uniformly positive, negative and neutral emotions in the opinions was Ryanair.
Divine Simplicity and Modal Collapse: A Persistent Problem
Authors: Mullins Ryan , Byrd Shannon
Published: October 2022

In recent years the doctrine of divine simplicity has become a topic of interest in the philosophical theological community. In particular, the modal collapse argument against divine simplicity has garnered various responses from proponents of divine simplicity. Some even claiming that the modal collapse argument is invalid. It is our contention that these responses have either misunderstood or misstated the argument, and have thus missed the force of the objection. Our main aim is to clarify what the modal collapse argument in fact says, and explain why the recent responses do not succeed. In order to argue our case, we will proceed in several steps. First, we aim to systematically articulate the doctrine of divine simplicity. Second, articulate the Christian conviction that God is free to create any feasible world or no world at all. Third, argue that divine simplicity suffers a modal collapse and thus undermines God's freedom. Fourth, respond to potential objections to modal collapse. Fifth, we offer some concluding remarks.
Anatomy of the coronary arteries in Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa)
Authors: Kaźmierczak Paulina , Butkiewicz Aleksander F. , Frąckowiak Hieronim , Zdun Maciej
Published: October 2022

Coronary circulation determines the proper functioning of the heart muscle and blood circulation in the body. Cardiovascular diseases in humans are creating an ever-increasing demand for more research into their pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment.

Animal models of organs are an indispensable part of research for the development of human medicine. Due to the high genetic similarity, the most commonly used donor is the domestic pig. The Eurasian wild boar is the ancestor of the domestic pig and an invasive species not covered by European protection programmes. Given its analogous structure and genotype to the pig, it could potentially also become an organ donor.

The aim of this study was to analyse the normal coronary anatomy of the Eurasian wild boar and compare it to humans, domestic pigs and other animal species.

The study was conducted on 60 wild boar hearts. Twenty-eight slides were prepared using acrylic, while liquid latex was injected into 32 hearts. The blood vessels were then manually prepared using surgical instruments for examination.

Both the right coronary artery and the left coronary artery of the boar diverge from the ascending aorta from opposite aortic sinuses. The left coronary artery begins its course in the left aortic sinus, starting between the left appendage and the pulmonary trunk. It then heads inferiorly. The right coronary artery supplies blood to the right atrium and right ventricle.

The study points to the wild boar coronary system’s individual morphological features and notes the common arterial patterns in mammals.
Comparative Test Program Framework for Non-Sf6 Switching Gases
Authors: Franck C. M. , Engelbrecht J. , Muratović M. , Pietrzak P. , Simka P.
Published: October 2022

In recent years, significant achievements have been made with respect to the development of SF6-free gas insulated substations (GIS). In parallel, the interest in installing SF6-free GIS by utilities increased steadily and tenders for new substations or upgrades, which regularly also include alternative technologies. The excellent performance of SF6 was unequivocally accepted by all vendors and users so that the community became used to single technology solutions. This is no longer the case with alternative gas mixtures, and multiple technological solutions are available. However, from the present body of literature it is not possible to make a full and comparative evaluation of different alternative gas switchgear, i.e. circuit-breakers and disconnectors. Thus, the High-Voltage Laboratory of ETH Zürich started investigations and measurements of basic experiments that allow an unbiased comparison of properties of alternative gas mixtures relevant for switching. The two main purposes of these investigations are to define a set of measurements that allow an estimation and comparison of switching performance with different gas mixtures, independent of a specific interruption nozzle geometry, drive system, electrostatic design, and other design specific features, and to perform (some of) these measurements comparing pure SF6, with air, pure CO2, CO2/O2 mixture, and further specific gas mixtures that are currently proposed by manufacturers for SF6 replacement. The basic analysis behind the definition of measurements will be given in detail and the design principles of the chosen test devices and the derived test currents and diagnostics will be introduced. Test results themselves will not be given, rather they will be the subject of separate future publications.
Public Finance in the V4 During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Magic Triangle of Public Finances
Authors: Cíbik Lukáš , Mikuš Dalibor
Published: October 2022

The aim of the paper is to quantify changes in public finances in the countries of the Visegrad Group through the area of the magic triangle of public finances, with an emphasis on the years 2020 and 2021. Using mathematical and statistical methods, we found the absolute and relative primary values of the year-on-year changes in public revenues, public expenditures and public debt since 2016 and substituted in the formula for calculating the area of the magic triangle. We found that in the long term, the magic triangle in the Czech Republic and Poland shows the largest area. The disease of COVID-19 significantly affected the development of aggregate public finances, which was confirmed especially in 2020. In 2020, the area of the magic triangles decreased significantly from 44.8% (Hungary) to 60.2% (Poland). In 2021, all V4 countries will see an improvement in financial indicators and, at the same time, an increase in the area of the magic triangles of public finances, which signals the progress of the public finances situation.
Corporate Environmental Management and Sustainable Operation: Theory and Application
Authors: Liu Wei , Tsai Sang-Bing , Wu Chia-Huei , Shao Xuefeng , Wacławek Maria
Published: October 2022

Industrial pollution and over-exploitation of natural resources adversely affect the environment and are also a serious threat to society and economy development. At present, climate change, destruction of the ozone layer, water shortage, and sharp reduction of biodiversity have also become widespread environmental problems. Therefore, people have started to explore how to solve the environmental pollution problems in the process of economic development from corporate environmental management. In addition to corporate environmental management, we also focus on the study of sustainable operation. Improving operational efficiency can also effectively reduce environmental pollution and promote sustainable development. This special issue of Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S (ECE S) collects 10 articles focusing on challenges and issues in corporate environmental management and sustainable operation, aiming to share and discuss the latest advances and future trends of theories and applications in academia, promote innovation in rural economic development models, improve the ecological environment, and bring practical insights and experiences to industry developers.
Post-fire dynamics of the main biogenic nutrients of the Pinus pinaster forest soil of Jijel, Northeastern Algeria
Authors: Moussaoui Mohamed , Sidi Hachemi , Derbak Hanane , Bekdouche Farid
Published: October 2022

Forest fires are part of the natural dynamics of Mediterranean forest ecosystems. In the Mediterranean regions, the ecosystems are shaped by this disturbance that they have been subjected to for a long time. This work aimed to study the effect of fire on the superficial soil of the Pinus pinaster forest of Jijel, Northeastern Algeria. Soil samples were taken at a depth of 0–5 cm at different dates over a period of 24 months, in a diachronic mode. The following parameters have been tested: total carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), pH, cations exchange capacity (C.E.C.) and main exchangeable bases: calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+). The results of the study showed a significant soil enrichment during the first few months after the fire; this temporary high fertility decreases with time due to ecosystem recovery, which could be interpreted as a return to the pre-fire state.
Predicting suitable habitats of the major forest trees in the Saïda region (Algeria): A reliable reforestation tool
Authors: Djebbouri Mohammed , Zouidi Mohamed , Terras Mohamed , Merghadi Abdelaziz
Published: October 2022

Modeling potential habitat for plant species is an appropriate approach to maintain biodiversity, developing proper reforestation campaigns, and rehabilitating ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the potential distributions of four forest species, namely, Quercus faginea Lam.; Q. ilex L.; Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Mast.; and Pistacia atlantica Desf. In the north-western Algeria at Saïda region. The MAXENT method was used to model the habitats of these species using topographic data as predictive variables at a resolution of 100 m. Moreover, the model evaluation process was achieved using the area under the operating characteristic curve of the receiver (AUC) and Jackknife test.

The generated models were found to be accurate. AUC results are ranging between 0.98 and 0.91 for the training set and 0.87 and 0.97 for the testing set. The results of the distribution probability of this study provide a useful tool for the local decision-makers of reforestation campaigns.
Distribution of breeding waterbirds in relation to wetland characteristics in the Oued Righ valley in the Algerian Sahara
Authors: Khirani-Betrouche Fatima , Moulaï Riadh
Published: October 2022

In the framework of this study 14 breeding species were identified in the wetland complex of the Oued Righ valley in the Algerian Sahara. Six species of breeding Anatidae were reported, two of which are classified as vulnerable and threatened, namely, the ferruginous duck Aythya nyroca and the marbled teal Marmaronetta angustirostris. For shorebirds, we noted reproduction of the pied avocet Recurvirostra avosetta, the black-winged stilt Himantopus Himantopus, and the Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus in most of the wetlands studied. We report for the first time nesting of the slender-billed gull Chroicocephalus genei at Chott Merouane with 72 pairs recorded during the breeding season 2018. This colony was associated with the larger colony of greater flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus composed of 640 pairs. Principal component analysis (PCA), gathering 69.74% of the information, showed a significant correlation between the distribution of different bird species and the main environmental factors, that is, vegetation, water surface area, water depth, and salinity, and a strong correlation between the species of Annatidae and Rallidae, which are associated with less-saline environments rich in vegetation and deep water, with the exception of shelducks, which prefer large surface areas with less-dense vegetation and more holomorphic water. For the shorebirds such as R. avosetta and H. himantopus, there was a clear preference for large wetlands with shallow water and relatively high salinity. A remarkable correlation was also noted for P. roseus, where a strong distribution of breeding populations was observed in areas with the highest salinity levels and a vast surface area.
The role of the OPRM1 gene polymorphism and its methylation in people in dependence on substances and with different intensity of pain
Authors: Zadroga Łukasz , Grzywacz Elżbieta , Grzymkowska Maria , Chmielowiec Jolanta , Masiak Jolanta , Strońska-Pluta Aleksandra , Grzywacz Anna , Chmielowiec Krzysztof
Published: October 2022

Opioid receptors belong to the group of Gi and Go coupled receptors, inhibiting the activity of the neuron. Opioid receptors regulate reward and aversion. The opioid system contributes to self and species survival by promoting reward elicited by natural stimuli (such as food, sex and social interaction), regulating mood states and facilitating efficient coping with pain and stress. It is suggested that OPRM1 polymorphism is associated with alcohol consumption especially increased in the case of G alleles subjects than A-alleles homozygotes. In several studies, OPRM1 methylation was suspected to be predictive factor of opioid dependence in pain treatment.

The relationship of postoperative or preoperative pain with methylation of some CpG sites in the OPRM1 promoter has also been demonstrated. It is known that OPRM1 SNPs provide changes in the structure of the MOR receptor, so by confirming the pharmacogenetic effects of OPRM1 polymorphisms and using these results to guide therapeutic decisions, patients can be prescribed treatment options with the best efficacy and greatest tolerance. Pharmacogenomics of OPRM1 can improve pain management by predicting individual response to pain medications before treatment and facilitate the development of new and more effective pain medications for post-operative pain.
Development of Eurasian economic integration in the field of auditing: The current stage
Authors: ZUEVA Irina A.
Published: October 2022

Subject. This article deals with the issues of integration in the field of audit activities of the EAEU Member States to improve the investment climate and increase the confidence of potential investors in the accounting statements and the results of the activities of enterprises and organizations of the country of possible investment.
Objectives. The article aims to analyze the state of organization and regulation of audit activities and assess the legal rules of the introduced common market of audit services in the EAEU Member States, as well as possible areas and problems of their implementation.
Methods. For the study, I used the methods of comprehensive, critical, logical, and statistical analyses.
Results. The article identifies common approaches and differences in the organization, regulation and standardization of audit activities in the EAEU Member States and assesses the starting conditions before the opening of the common market for audit services on the basis of the Agreement on the Implementation of Audit Activities within the Framework of the Eurasian Economic Union, starting from 2022. The article also draws conclusions about the ways and problems of the possible functioning of the common market of audit services within the framework of the EAEU.
Conclusions. The current stage of development of integration in the field of audit within the framework of the EAEU is a very important step towards the free movement of capital between the countries of this Union. The first international legal document has appeared that defines the basic parameters for building such integration. The overall integration base in the field of audit is formed on the basis of the Russian experience and regulations, which will help bring audit activities in other EAEU Member States to a general high level of audit services, and consequently, to a higher quality, transparency and reliability of accounting statements of enterprises and organizations.
Energy security as a strategic priority of national security
Authors: EGINA Natal'ya A.
Published: October 2022

Subject. The article investigates risk-forming factors and threats in the field of energy security of the real sector of the economy.
Objectives. The aim is to substantiate indicators and thresholds to assess the state of the energy sector, to test the methodology for measuring the energy security of the territory on the case of the real sector of the economy of the Republic of Mordovia.
Methods. I employ methods of scientific abstraction, analysis, and synthesis.
Results. The paper shows that energy security is the most important priority of Russia. Virtually all other elements of national security depend on its condition. The key threats to the economy of the Republic of Mordovia include acute energy shortage of the region and high degree of deterioration of basic production assets.
Conclusions. Development of "green technologies" and alternative energy are identified as a priority direction for ensuring the national security of the country. This is associated with depletion of fuel and energy resources and aggravation of environmental problems. It is required to promote access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy sources for all subjects of the Russian Federation.
The Eurasian Economic Union: Assessment of relations between partner countries and the priority areas for integration development
Authors: MALAKHOVA Tat'yana S.
Published: October 2022

Subject. This article discusses the issues of strengthening of industrial relations between the Eurasian Economic Union countries and increasing the volume of mutual trade.
Objectives. The article aims to identify trends in the development of the Eurasian Economic Union in the context of sanctions.
Methods. For the study, I used the historical and logical, and scientific abstraction methods.
Results. The article forecasts some individual macroeconomic indicators and outlines the ways of creating conditions for the development of high-production sectors of the economy.
Relevance. The results of the study can be used to analyze the prospects for relations between the Eurasian Economic Union countries.
Improving Russian institutions of inter-municipal cooperation in the new conditions
Authors: KHUZHAKHMETOVA Gul'nara N.
Published: October 2022

Subject. This article discusses the problems of life support of the population of municipal settlements.
Objectives. The article aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the formal institutions of inter-municipal cooperation in Russia.
Methods. For the study, I used a comparative analysis.
Results. The article finds that the development of institutions of inter-municipal and inter-territorial cooperation in Russia is hindered by conflicts in federal legislation.
Conclusions. Solving the problem of revenues to local budgets will contribute to the implementation of national projects at the inter-municipal level.
Peculiarities of forming demand for cultural heritage in the tourist market of the Republic of Karelia
Authors: BELAYA Raisa V. , MOROZOVA Таt'yana V. , KOZYREVA Galina B. , MOROZOV Arsenii A.
Published: October 2022

Subject. This article deals with the issues of differentiation of demand for different types of tourism in the Republic of Karelia.
Objectives. The article aims to assess the prospects of ethnocultural tourism in the Republic of Karelia.
Methods. For the study, we used a statistical analysis.
Results. The article assesses the potential demand for an ethnocultural product in the market of tourist services of the Republic of Karelia and reveals the differentiation of demand depending on the region of residence of tourists.
Conclusions. Institutional conditions are needed to help to organically combine ethnocultural and nature tourism services. This will rise the position of the industry in the economy of the Republic of Karelia.