bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Explicit-memory multiresolution adaptive framework for speech and music separation
Authors: Bellur Ashwin , Thakkar Karan , Elhilali Mounya
Published: May 2023

The human auditory system employs a number of principles to facilitate the selection of perceptually separated streams from a complex sound mixture. The brain leverages multi-scale redundant representations of the input and uses memory (or priors) to guide the selection of a target sound from the input mixture. Moreover, feedback mechanisms refine the memory constructs resulting in further improvement of selectivity of a particular sound object amidst dynamic backgrounds. The present study proposes a unified end-to-end computational framework that mimics these principles for sound source separation applied to both speech and music mixtures. While the problems of speech enhancement and music separation have often been tackled separately due to constraints and specificities of each signal domain, the current work posits that common principles for sound source separation are domain-agnostic. In the proposed scheme, parallel and hierarchical convolutional paths map input mixtures onto redundant but distributed higher-dimensional subspaces and utilize the concept of temporal coherence to gate the selection of embeddings belonging to a target stream abstracted in memory. These explicit memories are further refined through self-feedback from incoming observations in order to improve the system’s selectivity when faced with unknown backgrounds. The model yields stable outcomes of source separation for both speech and music mixtures and demonstrates benefits of explicit memory as a powerful representation of priors that guide information selection from complex inputs.
Meromorphic functions sharing three values with their derivatives in an angular domain
Authors: Pan Biao
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we investigate the problem of uniqueness transcendental meromorphic functions sharing three values with their derivatives in an arbitrary small angular domain including a singular direction. The obtained results extend the corresponding results from Gundersen, Mues–Steinmetz, Zheng, Li–Liu–Yi, and Chen.
Role of regulatory T cells in spinal cord injury
Authors: Chen Hao , Peng Hao , Wang Ping-Chuan , Zou Tao , Feng Xin-min , Wan Bo-wen
Published: May 2023

Spinal cord injury is an intricate process involving a series of multi-temporal and multi-component pathological events, among which inflammatory response is the core. Thus, it is crucial to find a way to prevent the damaging effects of the inflammatory response. The research has found that Treg cells can suppress the activation, proliferation, and effector functions of many parenchymal cells by multiple mechanisms. This review discusses how Treg cells regulate the inflammatory cells to promote spinal cord recovery. These parenchymal cells include macrophages/microglia, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and others. In addition, we discuss the adverse role of Treg cells, the status of treatment, and the prospects of cell-based therapies after spinal cord injury. In conclusion, this review provides an overview of the regulatory role of Treg cells in spinal cord injury. We hope to offer new insights into the treatment of spinal cord injury.
Mosquito densovirus significantly reduces the vector susceptibility to dengue virus serotype 2 in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Kong Ling , Xiao Jie , Yang Lu , Sui Yuan , Wang Duoquan , Chen Shaoqiang , Liu Peiwen , Chen Xiao-Guang , Gu Jinbao
Published: May 2023

Background

Dengue virus (DENV) is a major public health threat, with Aedes albopictus being the confirmed vector responsible for dengue epidemics in Guangzhou, China. Mosquito densoviruses (MDVs) are pathogenic mosquito-specific viruses, and a novel MDV was previously isolated from Ae. albopictus in Guangzhou. This study aims to determine the prevalence of MDVs in wild Ae. albopictus populations and investigate their potential interactions with DENV and impact on vector susceptibility for DENV.

Methods

The prevalence of MDV in wild mosquitoes in China was investigated using open access sequencing data and PCR detection in Ae. albopictus in Guangzhou. The viral infection rate and titers in MDV-persistent C6/36 cells were evaluated at 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h post infection (hpi) by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The midgut infection rate (MIR), dissemination rate (DR), and salivary gland infection rate (SGIR) in various tissues of MDV-infected mosquitoes were detected and quantified at 0, 5, 10, and 15 days post infection (dpi) by RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. The chi-square test evaluated dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) and Aedes aegypti densovirus (AaeDV) infection rates and related indices in mosquitoes, while Tukey's LSD and t-tests compared viral titers in C6/36 cells and tissues over time.

Results

The results revealed a relatively wide distribution of MDVs in Aedes, Culex, and Anopheles mosquitoes in China and an over 68% positive rate. In vitro, significant reductions in DENV-2 titers in supernatant at 120 hpi, and an apparent decrease in DENV-2-positive cells at 96 and 120 hpi were observed. In vivo, DENV-2 in the ovaries and salivary glands was first detected at 10 dpi in both monoinfected and superinfected Ae. albopictus females, while MDV superinfection with DENV-2 suppressed the salivary gland infection rate at 15 dpi. DENV-2 titer in the ovary and salivary glands of Ae. albopictus was reduced in superinfected mosquitoes at 15 dpi.

Conclusions

MDVs is widespread in natural mosquito populations, and replication of DENV-2 is suppressed in MDV-infected Ae. albopictus, thus reducing vector susceptibility to DENV-2. Our study supports the hypothesis that MDVs may contribute to reducing transmission of DENV and provides an alternative strategy for mosquito-transmitted disease control.

Graphical abstract
An experimental approach to unravel 2D ground resonances: application to an alluvial-sedimentary basin
Authors: Sgattoni Giulia , Lattanzi Giovanni , Castellaro Silvia
Published: May 2023

The study of ground resonances is important to assess seismic site amplification and to infer information on the geometrical and mechanical properties of the resonating structures. 1D- and 2D-type resonances imply different dynamic behavior that can be distinguished by inspecting the individual spectral components of single-station microtremor measurements. Typically, 2D resonance modes develop along cross-sections of deep sediment-filled valleys and consist of longitudinal, transverse and vertical modes that can be identified as spectral peaks when ground motion is recorded parallel to the axes of the valley. In the case of more complex geometries, such as sedimentary basins, resonance modes are more difficult to predict and depend on the unknown complexity of the buried bedrock geometry. We show how a simple signal rotation procedure applied to single-station microtremor recordings reveals the underlying 2D resonance pattern. The method allows assessing the axes of motion of buried geological structures and identifying 2D resonance modes along these axes. Their directionality, frequency and amplitude features are then analyzed to extract information on the bedrock geometry. We test our method in the Bolzano alluvial-sedimentary basin and we observe that apparently complicated resonance patterns may be simplified by locally referring to the simplest description of the phenomenon as 2D resonance of a valley slice. The bedrock morphology can be decomposed into 2D-like geometries, i.e., excavated channels, and the observed resonances develop within cross-sections of these channels.

Graphical Abstract
Neurotrophic factors-based therapeutic strategies in the spinal cord injury: an overview of recent preclinical studies in rodent models
Authors: Deznabi Nazila , Hosseini Samaneh , Rajabi Mojgan
Published: May 2023

Following the traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and initial mechanical insult, a cascade of secondary cellular and molecular events occurs at the trauma site. This phenomenon develops a toxic lesion environment with an inhibitory effect on axonal regeneration. The complicated pathophysiology of SCI and limited central nervous system (CNS) to regeneration caused non-effective responses to drugs or beneficial treatments. Considering the necessity of SCI treatment as a critical issue in the medical field, finding novel therapeutic approaches and preclinical strategies to overcome secondary damage and functional recovery after SCI is the health system's priority. Different growth factors (GFs) are useful for treating SCI by promoting axonal regeneration and functional recovery. However, due to rapid degradation and dilution at the damaged site, direct administration of GFs is limited. In this regard, the type of delivered neurotrophic factors (NFs), administration mode, the time and location of application, and duration of treatment are critical factors in the therapy process. Also, in human studies adequate combination of NFs using cellular and viral vehicles with different tissue engineering materials is suggested to achieve satisfactory functional recovery following acute SCI. In this review, we summarize the finding of recent articles in the field of using different NFs and novel delivering systems for the treatment of SCI, which have been undertaken in rodent models.
Estimating WUI exposure probability to a nearby wildfire
Authors: Wei Yu , Gannon Benjamin , Young Jesse , Belval Erin , Thompson Matthew , O’Connor Christopher , Calkin David
Published: May 2023

Background

Estimating the factors affecting the probability of a wildfire reaching the wildland urban interface (WUI) can help managers make decisions to prevent WUI property loss. This study compiles data on fire progression, wind, landscape characteristics, and fireline built to estimate the probability of an active fire reaching nearby WUI blocks. We started by constructing funnel-shaped analysis zones between recorded fire perimeters and WUI blocks. We used zonal analysis to characterize landscape and fireline arrangement and then used a random forest modeling approach to quantify the probability of fire reaching the WUI blocks.

Results

We found the probability of WUI exposure from an active fire had close relationships with several explanatory variables including wind gust velocity, suppression difficulty, control potential, fireline arrangement, road densities, WUI block sizes, and the distance between WUI and the fire’s front. We found that the most important predictor variables influencing WUI exposure probability were gust, fireline arrangement, and distance from a fire ignition location to a WUI. We found that random forest models can achieve reasonable accuracy in estimating WUI fire exposure probabilities.

Conclusions

Focal analyses and random forest models can be used to estimate WUI fire exposure probabilities in support of large fire suppression decisions at division to incident scales.
Integrative respiratory support during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair in a patient with severe lung disease: a case report
Authors: Hara Ryota , Ito Joji , Onodera Hidetaka , Tabata Minoru
Published: May 2023

Background

Thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair is a highly complicated procedure, especially among patients with severe lung disease, resulting in respiratory problems during and after the surgery. Herein, we designed a novel intraoperative respiratory support to address this.

Case presentation

An open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair was performed on a 65-year-old man who had severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with a giant right lung bulla. One-and-a-half lung ventilation by left lower lobe blockade was maintained during the operation to avoid right barotrauma. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was established with venous cannulas in the right internal jugular vein and left femoral vein for elective venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO). After aortic repair and withdrawal from CPB, the VV-ECMO was consecutively initiated using the same circuit by connecting the arterial cannula to the right internal jugular venous cannula. The patient maintained adequate oxygenation during hemostasis under the support of VV-ECMO after protamine was administered. He was weaned from VV-ECMO in the operating room and discharged without any complications.

Conclusion

Partial bronchial blockage and intraoperative VV-ECMO using the same circuit of CPB were useful methods for severe lung disease during a thoracoabdominal aortic repair.
Antibody-Drug Conjugates for Lung Cancer: Payloads and Progress
Authors: Rosner Samuel , Valdivia Augusto , Hoe Hui Jing , Murray Joseph C. , Levy Benjamin , Felip Enriqueta , Solomon Benjamin J.
Published: May 2023

Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are a novel class of therapeutic that structurally comprise an antibody directed at a tumor epitope connected via a linker to a cytotoxic payload that have shown significant antitumor activity across a range of malignancies including lung cancer. In this article we review the pharmacology of ADCs, describe results of trials with ADCs directed at targets in lung cancer including Trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2(TROP2), HER3, MET, Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecular 5(CECAM-5) and HER2. Trastuzumab Deruxtecan (also known as DS-8201a or T-DXd) an ADC directed at HER2 recently became the first ADC to receive FDA approval in lung cancer, on the basis of its activity in tumors with HER2 mutations, demonstrated in the Destiny-Lung01 and Lung02 trials.
Iberian Sources on the Imjin War: The Relação do fim e remate que teve a guerra da Corea (1599)
Authors: Marino Giuseppe , Clements Rebekah
Published: May 2023

Combining Iberian and East Asian primary source documents can provide a fresh perspective on sixteenth-century East Asian history. This is particularly true of the Imjin War (1592–98), the largest war in the world during the sixteenth century. Involving China, Korea, and Japan, it attracted close observation from Jesuit missionaries, who wrote a number of as yet largely unstudied accounts of the conflict and its implications for the Jesuit mission. We analyze one such manuscript, which is particularly detailed and unique in its scope: the Relação do fim e remate que teve a guerra da Corea, cross-referenced with Chinese, Japanese, and Korean accounts.
A Reinterpretation of Chosŏn-Qing Foreign Relations through an Analysis of Chosŏn and Later Jin Bilateral Relations
Authors: Yuh Leighanne , Jang Jungsoo
Published: May 2023

Existing research tends to treat the transition from Chosŏn-Ming relations to Chosŏn-Qing relations as an uninterrupted process and the two relations as equivalent to each other. This article will show, from Chosŏn's perspective, how relations between Chosŏn and Later Jin evolved between 1605 and 1636 and later influenced Chosŏn-Qing relations. While Chosŏn initially treated Later Jin as barbarians and not as an official state, after the establishment of Later Jin, equal interstate relations were established through the exchange of royal letters (kuksŏ 國書) and envoys (sinsa 信使) during the years 1627–29. Negotiations continued until the Second Manchu Invasion in 1636, during which time interactions with the Ming continued as usual but discussions with Later Jin through royal letters established bilateral relations. After 1636 and the establishment of the Qing dynasty, diplomatic documents followed the same format as Chosŏn-Ming relations, but Chosŏn still considered the Qing as barbarians and continued to express their loyalty to the Ming through covert actions affirming the Ming as the Heavenly Dynasty. Thus, Chosŏn-Ming relations and Chosŏn-Qing relations were qualitatively different and cannot be considered the same.
Scripting a Multicultural Future: The Chinese and Korean Songs of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army
Authors: Heward Lehyla G.
Published: May 2023

Hundreds of military songs are credited to the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army (NAUA). The NAUA was a coalition of Chinese and Korean guerrilla armies that operated in Northeast China during the Manchukuo period (1932–45). The NAUA used songs to teach and inculcate new behaviors in line with socialist and communist ideologies. Most importantly, the songs worked on an emotional level, meaning that they conveyed collective sentiments while also directing their appropriate expression in order to foster camaraderie and boost morale. Drawing from concepts formulated by historians of emotions, I argue that the NAUA became what Barbara Rosenwein terms an “emotional community.” As such, the NAUA defied strict nationalist sentiments primarily due to the discursive power and easy dissemination of the military songs. The Chinese and Korean songs, along with their aesthetic features, have not been studied comprehensively. As literary products of a tumultuous era, the NAUA songs deliver historical evidence of the transnational and transcultural ideologies present in resistance groups across the Japanese empire.
Synthesis of Chiral α,α-Disubstituted Cyclic Nitrones from Secondary Lactams
Authors: Iwamoto Sora , Tokuyama Ayako , Hiraoka Shobu , Takei Koya , Matsuzaka Koki , Matsumoto Tsutomu , Chida Noritaka , Sato Takaaki
Published: May 2023

Synthesis of chiral α,α-disubstituted cyclic nitrones from secondary lactams is reported. The method consists of two stages involving N-oxidation of the lactams and nucleophilic addition to the lactam carbonyls. The N-oxidation of secondary lactams with mCPBA via imidates provides cyclic nitrones with a chiral stereocenter adjacent to the nitrogen atom. A variety of α,α-disubstituted cyclic nitrones were quickly obtained simply by changing organolithium reagents in the nucleophilic addition to N-OSEM lactams.
Of looping kinds and unruly objects: the conceptual making of organoids
Authors: Altınok Ozan
Published: May 2023

Although the traditional approach within ELSA (Ethical, Legal and Social Aspects) initiatives is to have certain kinds of objects “set” or ready to be governed within bioethics, I will claim that the established regime of bioethics and bio law act as governance while influencing the conceptualization of the entities at play, in this example, the organoids. As a small contrast case to making organoids, I will use the regulation and categorization of embryonic research as a more “natural kind” entity research compared to conceptually synthetic research, where the objects to be regulated are shaped by existing practices of language and material alike. While analyzing the conceptual making of the organoids, I will follow the general methodological framework of Ian Hacking in Social Construction of What? (1999) from philosophy of science, particularly his understanding of “looping kinds”. And since Hacking’s understanding of looping kinds is in a relatively vague formulation, I will supply with different structures within co – productionist account of science and technology studies, most notably of works of Jasonoff (2015) of co-productionist accounts and Bensaude – Vincent’s concept of “buzzword coalitions” (2014) in the making of conceptual coalition around organoids. I will use the structure of scientific objects to assign different uses of parts of concepts in the making.
EDUCATION IN THE TRANSFORMATIONAL PROCESSES OF MODERNITY
Authors: Tarasov Aleksey N.
Published: May 2023

The article shows the role of education as an element of culture in the context of ongoing transformational processes in the world.
ON THE QUESTION OF THE SPECIFICITY OF THE RUSSIAN CIVILIZATION
Authors: Tarasov Aleksey N.
Published: May 2023

The article reveals the key characteristics that distinguish Russian civilization from others.
STUDY OF THE COMMUNICATION STRATEGY OF THE INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE ERA OF NEW MEDIA
Authors: Dan Lv , Hongtao Fu , Hao Wu
Published: May 2023

Project description. This article is the result of the research project in the field of art of Heilongjiang Province "Research on the spread of non-material culture of Heilongjiang Province, bordering Russia, within the framework of the One Belt, One Road Initiative" (No. 20180028).

With the rapid development of the economy, the preservation of national and local cultural heritage acquires new features. The era of new media provides new opportunities for the dissemination of the intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities.

This article explores the strategy for disseminating the intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities in the era of new media from the point of view of the subjects of communication, the platform of communication and the content of communication, in order to transfer experience in the preservation, updating and promotion of the intangible cultural heritage to ethnic minority areas.

Relevance. Nowadays in the era of globalization of all aspects of the life of countries and peoples, it is very important to preserve their national roots, not to lose their culture and identity. Therefore, intangible cultural heritage is a powerful evidence of the development of Chinese history.

The task is to analyze the strategies for disseminating the intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities in the era of modern media.

The scientific novelty of this work lies in the dissemination of intangible cultural heritage in the era of modern media and their transfer to the future generation.

China and Russia have centuries-old history and excellent intangible cultural heritage. Each country has its own unique national culture. Cultural ties between Russia and China today have reached a new level, are actively developing, covering almost all areas: science, tourism, education, art, etc. Russians and Chinese have a growing interest in all spheres of life of each other's peoples. The fascination of Russian contemporaries (especially young people) with the cultural traditions of the Chinese is associated with the process of globalization of culture and the consequences of national identity.
TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CORPORATE CULTURE OF A MODERN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION
Authors: Safonov Kirill B.
Published: May 2023

The article examines the key features of the phenomenon of corporate culture of a higher educational institution. The importance of corporate culture as a system of values shared by all members of the team is noted. The practical significance of corporate culture in the activities of the university can be to increase the efficiency of scientific and pedagogical workers, all employees.
DYNAMICS OF PEDAGOGICAL CULTURE IN CONDITIONS OF SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Safonov Kirill B.
Published: May 2023

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon of pedagogical culture. It is noted that as the society transforms, the values and norms that are the determinants of the teacher’s activity are also subject to rethinking. Adapting to changes in the pedagogical culture makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of interaction with students, to optimize the effectiveness of work in the field of education.
RESEARCH GENUS: SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL AND EXISTENTIAL ASPECTS
Authors: Astafyev Dmitry A.
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study is to identify and further analyze the socio–philosophical and existential aspects of gender research. Main tasks: to show the features of the development of genealogy in the historical aspect; to consider the study of the pedigree from the point of view of the individual’s realization of existential needs. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the author has attempted to analyze the study of gender not only as a research activity, but also as a significant and important socio-philosophical and existential practice for an individual.

The article reflects the peculiarities of the development and attitude to genealogy in various historical periods of the development of our state. The study of the microhistory of the genus, family becomes an important source for the knowledge and understanding of the broad historical, socio-cultural context into which many generations of our ancestors were embedded.

At the moment, genealogy is facing many challenges, one of the key ones being its commercialization. However, any challenge is not only a problem, but also a certain factor of development. In particular, genealogy is becoming an important element of interdisciplinary scientific research.

The author believes that the study of one’s own pedigree can be analyzed according to the formula of the five existential needs of E. Fromm. The individual, realizing existential needs, moves along the path of self-perfection. As a result, he comes to a sense of security, establishes the necessary connections, finds his purpose and vocation in this world, forms a system of values and normative attitudes.

The study of the genus is a significant socio-philosophical practice that enables an individual to integrate into the system of family ties and relationships, to join the values of their ancestors, to understand and realize their own «I», to develop genealogical culture, to realize the fundamental existential needs.

The main theoretical results presented in this work can be applied within the framework of specific historical and genealogical studies, in the field of social philosophy, cultural studies and other, including interdisciplinary scientific fields, as well as used in the development of relevant special courses and electives.
TRANSFORMATIONAL PROCESSES IN THE CHURCH CULTURAL AND ADAPTATION SITUATION OF MODERN RUSSIA
Authors: Tsyplakov Dmitry A. , Tsyplakova Svetlana M.
Published: May 2023

Purpose. The work consider the main issue the processes of transformation in church culture. The church adaptation situation in modern Russia is taken as a subject. The authors see necessity on this basis to reveal the features of cultural situation of modern society.

Methodology. The basis of the study is the phenomenological method, the axiological approach taken in the cultural-diachronic aspect.

Results. The results of the work are that the process of restoring church organizational structures in the new conditions of the 90s is described. The article explicates the new situations that the Church has faced in modern Russia in recent decades. This is an explosive uncontrolled transformation of the media space, challenges from other religious movements, and much more. Secular society in Russia is also currently in a situation of difficult relations between society and religion, which claims to form a general humanitarian basis for social morality for the whole society. At the same time, there is a need for such foundation, traditional religious associations have the necessary competencies to form such basis. The paper explicates the need of a cultural dialogue in this situation.

Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in the sphere of cultural studies.
EMOTIVE CONCEPT IN A LITERARY WORK
Authors: Khoreva Larissa G.
Published: May 2023

The relevance of the article deals with the importance of studying of human emotions in the process of communication. In recent decades the interest of scientists in the emotive field of humanitarian knowledge has significantly increased. The emotional competence and emotional intellect of representatives of modern society, the search for emotional meanings, the role of emoticians in intercultural communication are the subject of their interest.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the representation of emotive concepts, to identify the role of metaphor and ethnic picture of the world in this process on the example of texts of Spanish literature. The systematic description of communicative or discursive forms are under the demands of the time, since the theory of emotional intelligence is the subject of interest of humanists, but also economists and politicians who agree with philologists and linguists that the emotive discursive practice has the ability to transmit a whole range of functions and unfold new semantic subtexts of the described situation. Literature is one of the form of cultural life that reflects the social practices of representing emotions. The hermeneutic analysis of the text is the main research method.
Vitamin D - do we need suplementation?
Authors: Kubicka Magdalena , Wilk Joanna , Dębiec Paweł , Cholewa Krystian , Makarewicz Magdalena , Szymańska Adrianna
Published: May 2023

The role of vitamin D in the human body is not only participation in the regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism, prevention of rickets in children or osteomalacia and osteoporosis in adults. Vitamin D deficiency can be caused by a variety of health conditions. Currently, epidemiological studies confirm the relationship between vitamin D deficiency in the body and an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders, autoimmune diseases and in cancer prevention. Vitamin D deficiency has been identified as a common metabolic abnormality. Despite known dietary sources of vitamin D and the role of sunlight in its production, a significant proportion of the population may have insufficient serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
A Systematic Review of the Influence of High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition and Synthesizing Evidence from Scientific Literature
Authors: Borycka Aleksandra , Jędrzejewska Barbara , Kotulska Maria , Laskus Paulina , Lichman Martyna , Lubczyńska Zuzanna , Potocka Zofia , Przeradzki Jakub , Rząd Katarzyna , Szyca Magda
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) involves performing a series of intense exercises interspersed with periods of passive or active rest. HIIT provides changes in body composition and physical fitness. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of HIIT on changes in body composition and compare the results of HIIT with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and resistance training (RT).

REVIEW METHODS

The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies examining the impact of HIIT on changes in body composition. Articles published up to 31.03.2023 were included, with a particular focus on the most recent publications.

STATE OF KNOWLEDGE

The classification of HIIT considers the intensity, duration and number of bouts during training session, as well as the length of the intervention period. Body composition describes qualitive and quantitative elements in the human body. Improving body composition benefits health and enables better training results. HIIT promotes weight loss, reduces BMI and decreases the content of adipose tissue, including visceral fat. HIIT is equally or more effective than MICT in burning fat tissue. Resistance exercises added to HIIT protocols have a favorable effect on changes in body composition.

SUMMARY

The assessment of HIIT effects on changes in body composition is complicated due to various interpretations of its definition. Further analyses are needed to systematize knowledge of the benefits of different HIIT protocols. Research optimizing them for reducing adipose tissue based on age, gender, body mass and presence of metabolic disorders are necessary.
The impact of shift work and sleep deficiency on health
Authors: Możdżyńska Agnieszka , Wojtala Laura , Pawlak Weronika , Pawłocik Weronika , Musiał Lena , Szymańska Julia , Grabowska Ewa , Kapłon Kamil , Rymarz Anna , Kojder Dominika
Published: May 2023

Shift work refers to work that takes place at different hours, including at night. It is estimated that 15% to 20% of the working population works in shift work, particularly in the healthcare, energy, communication systems, public safety, and hospitality industries. Research indicates that shift work, particularly night work, can lead to health problems such as fatigue, exposure to harmful work environments, increased risk of workplace accidents, and sleep disorders. Night work is also associated with increased risk of hypertension, nervous system dysfunction, cardiovascular dysfunction. Those working at night are also more prone to hormonal disorders, digestive disorders, lowered immunity, and cancer. Sleep-wake cycle disorders, such as excessive sleepiness during waking hours and insomnia at night, are symptoms of shift work intolerance syndrome, which can occur after several months or years of shift work. It is estimated that over 20% of shift workers suffer from sleep-wake cycle disorders, and various factors such as chronotype, age, gender, family and social obligations, medications, medical and psychiatric conditions, and shift work experience can impact tolerance of shift work. The treatment of sleep and wake disorders related to shift work includes planning for main sleep and supplementary naps, appropriate exposure to light, treatment with melatonin, taking sleeping and psychostimulant medications.
Selected determinants of occupational stress and burnout in physiotherapists and IT professionals
Authors: Mikołajewski Dariusz , Masiak Jolanta , Mikołajewska Emilia
Published: May 2023

IntroductionOccupational stress and burnout have a statistically significant negative impact on learning and work in the professional groups studied, but the exact manner and strength of the impact and the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the aforementioned phenomena are not yet well understood. The main reason for this is the paucity of research, both on the neurobiological basis and on the incidence and impact on the lives of different professional groups.

Aim of the study

The main objective of the study is to determine the clinical and neurophysiological determinants of occupational stress and burnout, and in particular to investigate whether:

- occupational stress and burnout are related to occupational group,

- the start of professional work already during studies is a significant differentiating factor,

- the nature of work, gender and seniority affect work-related musculoskeletal problems.

Materials and methods

Two groups were recruited for the study: study group (physiotherapists, n = 50), reference group (IT professionals, n = 50). Five clinimetric scales were used in the study: PSS10, MBI, SWLS, MSQ-SF, NMQ.

Results

Clinical and neurophysiological determinants of occupational stress and burnout relate to statistically significant effects: occupation, age, length of work, mode of employment, combination of study and work, and multi-work/multi-job.

Conclusions

Stress and burnout are related to the occupational group, with physiotherapists' occupational group experiencing them with greater severity than the IT occupational group. Starting a career already during studies is an important differentiating factor: it increases the risk of stress and professional burnout. The mode of employment, gender and seniority influence work-related musculoskeletal problems: they are experienced more often by the self-employed, men, older people and those with longer work experience.
Persistence of Heavy Metals in River Sirsa Around Industrial Hub Baddi, India.
Authors: Singh Bhagat , Arora Rajni , Mehra Neera
Published: May 2023

The Indian riverine system has become dumping site for toxic industrial pollutants. For assessing the flow of pollutants at various trophic levels, it is primarily important to do elemental profiling first so as to detect their load in Sirsa tributary of river Sutlej flowing through foothills of Shivalik in Himachal Pradesh, around the industrial hub Baddi, Solan. The study area includes three observation sites (S1, S2, and S3) on river Sirsa and drainage system of Baddi industrial units; the Effluent Nallah as demarcated in figure1. Heavy metal concentrations in water samples were detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy of elements (Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, As, Li, Cd, Cs, Pt, Pb, Hg) as these were found to be very common in effluents of chemical, cement, textile dyeing, electronics and pharmaceutical industries. Statistical analysis showed that the concentrations (ppb) of elements found to be within permissible limits of WHO at sites under study for seven metals (Hg, Li, Ti, V, Co, Cs, Pt) but it was higher for five toxic heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Pb, As, Cd) at S2 only, streamlined in order Cr >Ni > Pb> As >Cd >Hg >Li >Ti >V >Co > Cs > Pt. It may be due to improper installation of common effluent treatment plant (CETP) on the bank of river Sirsa or due to leakage by tanker carrying waste water from various industrial set ups as these units were not directly linked to CETP. These sites were committed to act as ultimate gutter to receive all types of industrial pollutants as part of mismanagement. The load of Arsenic and Lead is increasing in lotic region and its impact on aquatic ecosystem at trophic level can be explored to combat toxicant pollution.
Heat Stress Vulnerability of Populations and Role of Urban Heat Island
Authors: D Malcoti Manisha , Zia Hina , Kabre Chitrarekha
Published: May 2023

A city's ecology and energy use can be affected by an urban heat island (UHI). However, its role in exacerbating populations' heat stress has been extensively studied. This study reviewed and summarized the literature on the UHI, its causes, and its effects. After that, the characteristics of population heat stress vulnerability are examined. The results of studies on UHI, its health effects, and potential mitigation tactics in existing settlements show the necessity of examining various relationships between UHI and the locations of susceptible populations and possible responses. By examining literature from related domains, the present study intends to identify the research potential and convince researchers about the necessity of such a study in the urban area, especially in developing nations, since such case studies were only a few. Further, the study highlighted the relevance of urban planning to mitigate UHI. A fundamental examination of a city's urban climate can be the initial step in creating urban design standards, followed by research and models considering socio-economic and environmental elements.
Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Strategies of the Current Landfill Site in Gurugram, Haryana
Authors: Khanna Sandeep , Chauhan Suman
Published: May 2023

The term “municipal solid waste” refers to waste that is collected by the municipality and includes construction and demolition debris as well as industrial, commercial, and residential waste. Urbanization and growing living standards have resulted in a rise in the amount and complexity of municipal solid waste. In developing countries like India, open dumpsites are common due to a lack of skilled labor and a limited budget for waste disposal. The definition of dumping is a location utilized to dispose of solid waste without regard to environmental restrictions. The facilities for waste collection and disposal have not received much attention. The current research aims to evaluate the environmental impacts and mitigating strategies of the current landfill site in Gurugram. To collect the necessary data, formal and informal interviews with residents and government representatives, landfill site inspections, and observations were made. Collection of secondary data that includes facts on the landfill site, management and design, and the location's physical, biological, geophysical, and land use characteristics. The handling and management of scavenging or informal waste collection, insufficient collection coverage, inconsistent collection, burning and other challenges all contribute to the status of waste management. Moreover, research and literature relating to municipal solid waste management are lacking in Gurugram. The current study's findings may be useful for waste management authorities and city planners in developing an efficient solid waste management system with all available analyses of pros and cons.
Role Of Panchayati Raj Institution In Eradication Of Poverty: A Case Study From Kamrup District, Assam (India)
Authors: Dutta Niha , Deka Jonamani , Mazumdar Meghna
Published: May 2023

In order to build a more flourishing, identical and secure world by 2030 Seventeen Global Goals has been put forwarded by the United Nations in the year 2015. Among these 17 goals one of the goals is focused on poverty eradication from global society. This is very crucial for society as various socio-economic problems are directly or indirectly linked up with this social phenomenon. In the particular case of India, during the last two decades, the national authorities have implemented several poverty alleviation programs among the poor. The objective of these programs is to improve their standard of living. For this purpose, constitutionally sanctioned local govt. system i.e. Panchayati Raj Institution (PRI) is a crucial driving force for visioning, planning, developing implementation and monitoring the various govt. welfare schemes at the grassroots level. The current study is focused on the roles that play by PRI in achieving the first goal of SDGs in a village from the influence zone of Assam’s capital city Guwahati through case study. For that both primary and secondary data base are used to draw the conclusion. Along with the govt.’s efforts it’s the duty of local people also to cooperate in implementing and proper maintenance of the various poverty alleviation schemes in the study area.
Metadata connects the global community : a mid-year update
Authors: Pentz Ed , Korzec Kora , Bartell Amanda , Feeney Patricia , Rittman Martyn , Clark Rosa , Lammey Rachael , Davis Paul
Published: May 2023

The Crossref community update took place on 3 May 2023, online. The event was held twice to accommodate different time zones. The slide deck and recordings are included and provide updates from our team and our recent progress toward the Research Nexus vision and what lies ahead.
Flora da Bahia: Mabea (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Silva Marilane da Luz , Moreira Ariane dos Santos , Silva Otávio Luis Marques da , Carneiro-Torres Daniela Santos
Published: May 2023

Mabea é um gênero neotropical compreendendo cerca de 50 espécies. No Brasil, são registradas 25 espécies, três na Bahia: M. fistulifera, M. glaziovii e M. piriri. São apresentados descrições e comentários para todos os táxons, além de ilustrações, mapas de distribuição na Bahia e chave de identificação para as espécies.
Real-time stealth optical transmission via dither-remodulation in a bias controller of a Mach-Zehnder modulator
Authors: Wang Yuanxiang , Shao Weidong , Wu Jinyang , Li Hongyu , Zhong Linsheng , Dai Xiaoxiao , Yang Qi , Deng Lei , Liu Deming , Cheng Mengfan
Published: May 2023

The physical layer transmission security is a promising technology against security threats. As an effective supplement to the encryption strategy, steganography has received widespread attention. We report a real-time 2 kbps stealth transmission in the 10 Gbps dual polarization QPSK public optical communication. The stealth data is embedded in dither signals via precise and stable bias control technique for a Mach-Zehnder modulator. In the receiver, the stealth data can be recovered from the normal transmission signals by low SNR signal processing and digital down conversion. The stealth transmission has been verified to pose almost no impact on the public channel over a 117 km distance. The proposed scheme is compatible with existing optical transmission systems, so that no new hardware needs to be employed. It can be accomplished and is exceeded economically by adding simple algorithms, which utilizes only a small amount of FPGA resources. The proposed method can cooperate with encryption strategies or cryptographic protocols at different network layers to reduce the communication overhead and improve the overall security of the system.
On the relation between ice-crystal scattering phase function at 180° and particle size: implication to lidar-based remote sensing of cirrus clouds
Authors: Ding Jiachen , Yang Ping , Videen Gorden
Published: May 2023

The lack of knowledge of the relation between a lidar backscatter signal and particle size makes it challenging to retrieve ice-cloud particle size from spaceborne lidar observations. This study employs a synergistic combination of the state-of-the-art invariant imbedding T-matrix method and the physical geometric-optics method (PGOM) to investigate the relation between the ice-crystal scattering phase function at 180° (P11(180°)) and particle size (L) for typical ice-crystal shapes. In particular, the P11(180°) −L relation is quantitatively analyzed. The dependence of the P11(180°) −L relation on particle shape can be used with spaceborne lidar observations to detect ice-cloud particle shapes.
Research and Industry News
Authors: Cartlidge Edwin , Curtis Susan , Daukantas Patricia , Kim Meeri , Michaud Sarah , Wills Stewart , Kirkland Alessia
Published: May 2023

Nanotech coating / M�bius strips / Cell sorting / Photon emission /
Printable solar cells / Photoacoustic patch / Optically pumped
nanolasers / Long quantum network / Glassfrogs / Industry news
Staffing the Quantum Revolution
Authors: Wills Stewart
Published: May 2023

How should the emerging quantum technology industry educate and
train its future workforce?
Multimodal high-resolution retinal imaging using camera-based DMD-integrated Adaptive Optics Flood-Illumination Ophthalmoscope
Authors: Krafft Léa , Senée Pierre , Gofas-Salas Elena , Thouvenin Olivier , Atlan Michael , Paques Michel , Meimon Serge , Mece Pedro
Published: May 2023

We demonstrate the feasibility of a multimodal adaptive optics flood-illumination ophthalmoscope, able to provide both bright-field and dark-field images (such as phase contrast). The multimodality was made possible by integrating a DMD at the illumination path to project a sequence of complementary high-resolution patterns into the retina. Through a versatile post-processing method that digitally selects backscattered or multiply-scattered photons, we were able: 1) to achieve up to 4-fold contrast increase of bright-field images when imaging the photoreceptor mosaic and nerve fibers, and 2) to visualize translucent retinal features such as capillaries, red blood cells, vessel walls, ganglion cells and photoreceptors inner segment through phase contrast.
Absorption and scattering limits of integrated photonics in the visible spectrum
Authors: Zanarella Mateus Corato , Ji Xingchen , Mohanty Aseema , Lipson Michal
Published: May 2023

Visible-light photonic integrated circuits (PICs) promise scalability for technologies such as quantum information, biosensing, and scanning displays, yet extending large-scale silicon photonics to shorter wavelengths has been challenging due to the higher losses. Silicon nitride (SiN) has stood out as the leading platform for visible photonics, but the propagation losses strongly dependent on the film's deposition and fabrication processes. Current loss measurement techniques cannot accurately distinguish between absorption and surface scattering, making it difficult to identify the dominant loss source and reach the platform's fundamental limit. Here we demonstrate an ultra-low loss, high-confinement SiN platform that approaches the limits of absorption and scattering across the visible spectrum. Leveraging the sensitivity of microresonators to loss, we probe and discriminate each loss contribution with unparalleled sensitivity, and derive their fundamental limits and scaling laws as a function of wavelength, film properties and waveguide parameters. Through the design of the waveguide cross-section, we show how to approach the absorption limit of the platform, and demonstrate the lowest propagation losses in high-confinement SiN to date across the visible spectrum. We envision that our techniques for loss characterization and minimization will contribute for the development of large-scale PICs that redefine the loss limits of integrated platforms across the electromagnetic spectrum.