bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulating lesion-dependent functional recovery mechanisms
Authors: Sajid Noor , Holmes Emma , Hope Thomas M. , Fountas Zafeirios , Price Cathy J. , Friston Karl J.
Published: April 2021

Functional recovery after brain damage varies widely and depends on many factors, including lesion site and extent. When a neuronal system is damaged, recovery may occur by engaging residual (e.g., perilesional) components. When damage is extensive, recovery depends on the availability of other intact neural structures that can reproduce the same functional output (i.e., degeneracy). A system’s response to damage may occur rapidly, require learning or both. Here, we simulate functional recovery from four different types of lesions, using a generative model of word repetition that comprised a default premorbid system and a less used alternative system. The synthetic lesions (i) completely disengaged the premorbid system, leaving the alternative system intact, (ii) partially damaged both premorbid and alternative systems, and (iii) limited the experience-dependent plasticity of both. The results, across 1000 trials, demonstrate that (i) a complete disconnection of the premorbid system naturally invoked the engagement of the other, (ii) incomplete damage to both systems had a much more devastating long-term effect on model performance and (iii) the effect of reducing learning capacity within each system. These findings contribute to formal frameworks for interpreting the effect of different types of lesions.
Evaluation of AXIN1 and AXIN2 as targets of tankyrase inhibition in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Wang Wenhui , Liu Pengyu , Lavrijsen Marla , Li Shan , Zhang Ruyi , Li Shanshan , van de Geer Wesley S. , van de Werken Harmen J. G. , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , Smits Ron
Published: April 2021

AXIN1 mutations are observed in 8–10% of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and originally were considered to support tumor growth by aberrantly enhancing β-catenin signaling. This view has however been challenged by reports showing neither a clear nuclear β-catenin accumulation nor clearly enhanced expression of β-catenin target genes. Here, using nine HCC lines, we show that AXIN1 mutation or siRNA mediated knockdown contributes to enhanced β-catenin signaling in all AXIN1-mutant and non-mutant lines, also confirmed by reduced signaling in AXIN1-repaired SNU449 cells. Both AXIN1 and AXIN2 work synergistically to control β-catenin signaling. While in the AXIN1-mutant lines, AXIN2 is solely responsible for keeping signaling in check, in the non-mutant lines both AXIN proteins contribute to β-catenin regulation to varying levels. The AXIN proteins have gained substantial interest in cancer research for a second reason. Their activity in the β-catenin destruction complex can be increased by tankyrase inhibitors, which thus may serve as a therapeutic option to reduce the growth of β-catenin-dependent cancers. At concentrations that inhibit tankyrase activity, some lines (e.g. HepG2, SNU398) were clearly affected in colony formation, but in most cases apparently independent from effects on β-catenin signaling. Overall, our analyses show that AXIN1 inactivation leads to enhanced β-catenin signaling in HCC cell lines, questioning the strong statements that have been made in this regard. Enhancing AXIN activity by tankyrase monotherapy provides however no effective treatment to affect their growth exclusively through reducing β-catenin signaling.
Baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol predicts the benefit of adding ezetimibe on statin in statin-naïve acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Im Jihaeng , Kawada-Watanabe Erisa , Yamaguchi Junichi , Arashi Hiroyuki , Otsuki Hisao , Matsui Yuko , Sekiguchi Haruki , Fujii Shinya , Mori Fumiaki , Ogawa Hiroshi , Hagiwara Nobuhisa
Published: April 2021

We aimed to evaluate the effect of baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) on the outcomes of patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) receiving pitavastatin monotherapy or the combination of pitavastatin + ezetimibe. In the HIJ-PROPER study, 1734 ACS patients with dyslipidemia were randomly assigned to receive pitavastatin or pitavastatin + ezetimibe therapy. Statin-naïve participants (n = 1429) were divided into two groups based on the median LDL-C level (131 mg/dL) at enrollment. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, unstable angina, and ischemia-driven coronary revascularization. The median follow-up was 3.2 years. In the < 131 mg/dL group (n = 686), LDL-C changes were − 34.0% and − 49.8% in the pitavastatin monotherapy and pitavastatin + ezetimibe-treated groups (P < 0.0001), respectively; in the ≥ 131 mg/dL group (n = 743), LDL-C changes were − 42.9% and − 56.4% (P < 0.0001, respectively. Kaplan–Meier analyses revealed that the primary endpoint was not significantly different between the treatment groups for the < 131 mg/dL group, however, it was significantly lower in patients treated with pitavastatin + ezetimibe in the ≥ 131 mg/dL group (Hazard ratio = 0.72, 95% confidence interval = 0.56–0.91, P = 0.007, P value for interaction = 0.012). Statin-naïve ACS patients with baseline LDL-C < 131 mg/dL did not clinically benefit from pitavastatin + ezetimibe, while patients with baseline LDL-C ≥ 131 mg/dL treated with pitavastatin + ezetimibe showed better clinical results than those treated with pitavastatin monotherapy.

Clinical Trial Registration: Original HIJ PROPER study; URL: http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr. Unique Identifier; UMIN000002742, registered as an International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial.
Copper-catalyzed regioselective trans-silaboration of internal arylalkynes with stereochemical switch to cis-addition mode
Authors: Ohmura Toshimichi , Takaoka Yuta , Suginome Michinori
Published: April 2021

Unusual trans-stereoselectivity with its solvent-dependent switch to cis-stereochemistry is established in copper-catalyzed silaboration of internal arylalkynes.
A new porous Co(ii)-metal–organic framework for high sorption selectivity and affinity to CO2 and efficient catalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohols to benzaldehydes
Authors: Wu Yun-Long , Yang Rong-Rong , Yang Guo-Ping , Yan Yang-Tian , Su Xiao-Lei , He Xin-Hai , Song Yan-Yan , Ma Zheng-Sheng , Wang Yao-Yu
Published: April 2021

A new porous Co(ii)-MOF I has been prepared. Gas sorption and catalytic experiments show that the guest-free sample I′ shows the high capacity and selectivity to CO2 over CH4 and catalytically oxidize benzyl alcohols efficiently into benzaldehydes.
Incorporation of carboxylated pillar[5]arene and strontium(ii) into supramolecular coordination complexes of different nuclearities
Authors: Butkiewicz Helena , Sashuk Volodymyr , Danylyuk Oksana
Published: April 2021

The nuclearity of the coordination complexes of carboxylated pillar[5]arene and strontium(ii) can be varied with the aid of phenanthroline as a coligand.
A photoluminescent organosuperelastic crystal of 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
Authors: Sasaki Toshiyuki , Ranjan Subham , Takamizawa Satoshi
Published: April 2021

A unique mechanical property of superelasticity is observed not only in so-called shape-memory alloys but also in molecular crystals.
A nonlinear evolution of the structure, morphology, and optical properties of PbS–CdS films with cadmium nitrate in the reaction mixture
Authors: Maskaeva L. N. , Vaganova I. V. , Markov V. F. , Voronin V. I. , Belov V. S. , Lipina O. A. , Mostovshchikova E. V. , Miroshnikova I. N.
Published: April 2021

Nonlinear change in composition, structure, and optical properties is shown for the films of supersaturated substitutional solid solutions CdxPb1−xS (x ≤ 0.094) during chemical bath deposition with adding cadmium nitrate.
A highly sensitive “ON–OFF–ON” dual optical sensor for the detection of Cu(ii) ion and triazole pesticides based on novel BODIPY-substituted cavitand
Authors: Ömeroğlu İpek , Tümay Süreyya Oğuz , Makhseed Saad , Husain Ali , Durmuş Mahmut
Published: April 2021

A new resorcin[4]arene cavitand bearing multiple BODIPY sites were reported. Such molecular system, hence, can be feasibly applied as a dual optical sensor,i.e.“a turn-on–off–on” system, for dangerous contaminants,e.g.heavy metals and pesticides.
Plant-inspired quercetin thin films: universal coatings and their postfunctionalization for non-biofouling applications
Authors: Cho Soojeong , Shin Hyeon Min , Jeong Yeonwoo , Kim Sunhee , Eom Ji Hwan , Jung Byunghyuck , Kang Sung Min , Cho Woo Kyung
Published: April 2021

We developed quercetin surface chemistry that can be applied for various substrates and is able to postfunctionalize for hemocompatible coatings.
The Rh(iii)-catalysed C–H/N–H annulation of 2-thienyl- and 2-phenyl-quinazolin-4(3H)-ones with diphenylacetylene
Authors: Moshkina Tatyana N. , Nosova Emiliya V. , Lipunova Galina N. , Zhilina Ekaterina F. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Nikonov Igor L. , Charushin Valery N.
Published: April 2021

2-Thienyl/phenyl substituted quinazolin-4(3H)-ones were converted into 4,5-diphenyl-7H-thieno[2′,3′:3,4]pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolin-7-ones or amide alcoholysis product via Rh(iii)-catalyzed reaction of with diphenylacetylene.
Copper(i)-catalyzed regioselective Ullmann-type coupling of primary carbamates and 5-substituted-1,2,3-triiodobenzenes: facile synthesis of 2,3-diiodinated N-aryl carbamates
Authors: Al-Zoubi Raed M. , Al-Jammal Walid K. , Al-Zoubi Mazhar S. , McDonald Robert , Zarour Ahmad , Yassin Aksam , Al-Ansari Abdulla
Published: April 2021

Mild, efficient, and unprecedented synthesis of 2,3-diiodinated N-aryl carbamates via highly regioselective Ullmann-type cross-coupling of 5-substituted-1,2,3-triiodobenzene and carbamate.
Construction of 3D Bi/ZnSnO3 hollow microspheres for label-free highly selective photoelectrochemical recognition of norepinephrine
Authors: Dong Yuanyuan , Xu Chenxing , Zhang Lei
Published: April 2021

Proposed mechanism of the label-free PEC biosensing platform for selective detection of norepinephrine.
Phase-transfer-assisted confined growth of mesoporous MoS2@graphene van der Waals supraparticles for unprecedented ultrahigh-rate sodium storage
Authors: Han Wenqian , Guo Guannan , Xia Yan , Ning Jing , Deng Yuwei , Li Wei , Yang Dong , Dong Angang
Published: April 2021

We report a phase-transfer method to fabricate MoS2@graphene van der Waals supraparticles, which exhibit unprecedented ultrahigh-rate performance for sodium storage, outperforming most MoS2-based anodes reported previously.
Mitigating the P2–O2 transition and Na+/vacancy ordering in Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 by anion/cation dual-doping for fast and stable Na+ insertion/extraction
Authors: Mao Qianjiang , Yu Yang , Wang Junkai , Zheng Lirong , Wang Zhenya , Qiu Yunsheng , Hao Yongmei , Liu Xiangfeng
Published: April 2021

Ca2+/F− co-doping mitigates P2–O2 transition and Na+/vacancy ordering in P2-type Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2, which significantly improves the rate capability and cycling performance due to the synergy of Ca2+ and F−.
A fluorescent nanobiocide based on ROS generation for eliminating pathogenic and multidrug-resistant bacteria
Authors: Li Jie , Wei Xiaosong , Hu Yuqing , Gao Yingchao , Zhang Yufei , Zhang Xinge
Published: April 2021

Exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is a promising antibacterial strategy.
Asset management and maintenance programming for power distribution systems: A review
Authors: Mirhosseini Mina , Keynia Farshid
Published: April 2021

Security and continuous proper functioning of the power system is a vital issue for supplying demands. Providing an acceptable level of reliability and necessity of that in all parts of the power system, from generation to distribution, has always been, and remains a major concern for network managers. Asset management and performing regular and routine maintenance activities has a considerable impact on ensuring system reliability, reducing expensive crashes, and preventing shutdowns. Up to now, much research has been done on the proper planning of maintenance in different parts of the network with a focus on cost savings, improved system performance and reliability, and reduced shutdowns. The purpose of this article is to review the findings of the study and to provide a more comprehensive view of the maintenance planning issue.
Goal oriented image quality assessment
Authors: S. Kiruthika , V. Masilamani
Published: April 2021

The area of image quality assessment(IQA) is an active research area in image processing and computer vision. All IQA algorithms reported in literature are attempting to quantify only the visual quality of the images/videos. An interesting question to be answered is that given a goal (task) and an image (with good visual quality), is the image good to achieve the goal by the best possible algorithm. In an attempt to spur the research community to answer this question, a new paradigm of IQA, called goal oriented IQA (GO‐IQA), is introduced. GO‐IQA is defined as given an image and a goal, predicting how good the image is to achieve that goal by the best possible algorithm. The need for GO‐IQA is that if GO‐IQA score is less, then any arbitrary algorithm attempting to achieve the goal will eventually fail. In this paper, considering segmentation as goal, a GO‐IQA algorithm is proposed to predict how good the image is to do accurate segmentation by the best possible segmentation algorithm. A support vector regression model has been trained with features related to image segmentation along with the accuracies of a class of well‐known image segmentation algorithms. In the process, we have obtained encouraging results in terms of the Pearson linear correlation coefficient and mean squared error. The predictions given by the proposed model have been validated with the scores of state of the art segmentation algorithm.
HST PanCET program: non-detection of atmospheric escape in the warm Saturn-sized planet WASP-29 b
Authors: dos Santos L. A. , Bourrier V. , Ehrenreich D. , Sanz-Forcada J. , López-Morales M. , Sing D. K. , García Muñoz A. , Henry G. W. , Lavvas P. , Lecavelier des Etangs A. , Mikal-Evans T. , Vidal-Madjar A. , Wakeford H. R.
Published: April 2021

Short-period gas giant exoplanets are susceptible to intense atmospheric escape due to their large scale heights and strong high-energy irradiation. This process is thought to occur ubiquitously, but to date we have only detected direct evidence of atmospheric escape in hot Jupiters and warm Neptunes. The latter planets are particularly more sensitive to escape-driven evolution as a result of their lower gravities with respect to Jupiter-sized planets. But the paucity of cases for intermediate, Saturn-sized exoplanets at varying levels of irradiation precludes a detailed understanding of the underlying physics in atmospheric escape of hot gas giants. Aiming to address this issue, our objectives here are to assess the high-energy environment of the warm (Teq = 970 K) Saturn WASP-29 b and search for signatures of atmospheric escape. We used far-ultraviolet observations from the Hubble Space Telescope to analyze the flux time series of H I, C II, Si III, Si IV, and N V during the transit of WASP-29 b. At 88 pc, a large portion of the Lyman-α core of the K4V-type host WASP-29 is attenuated by interstellar medium absorption, limiting our ability to probe the escape of H at velocities between −84 and +35 km s−1. At 3σ confidence, we rule out any in-transit absorption of H I larger than 92% in the Lyman-α blue wing and 19% in the red wing. We found an in-transit flux decrease of 39%−11%+12% in the ground-state C II emission line at 1334.5 Å. But due to this signal being significantly present in only one visit, it is difficult to attribute a planetary or stellar origin to the ground-state C II signal. We place 3σ absorption upper limits of 40, 49, and 24% on Si III, Si IV, and for excited-state C II at 1335.7 Å, respectively. Low activity levels and the faint X-ray luminosity suggest that WASP-29 is an old, inactive star. Nonetheless, an energy-limited approximation combined with the reconstructed EUV spectrum of the host suggests that the planet is losing its atmosphere at a relatively large rate of 4 × 109 g s−1. The non-detection at Lyman-α could be partly explained by a low fraction of escaping neutral hydrogen, or by the state of fast radiative blow-out we infer from the reconstructed Lyman-α line.
Improving the Competitiveness of Poultry Farms in the Krasnoyarsk Region of Russia
Authors: Rozhkova Alena , Stepanova Elina
Published: April 2021

Poultry farming is one of the key branches of agriculture. Every year, the demand for dietary products of poultry farms increases, both consumers and producers are interested in the development of agricultural enterprises that supply poultry meat and eggs. In the market of the region there are a large number of poultry farms that supply meat products. The competitive environment of modern poultry farms is characterized by acute competition for the consumer. The solution to the problem of increasing the competitiveness of enterprises involves the development of measures to achieve and maintain competitive advantages in this market. The article presents the analysis results of the competitiveness for key suppliers of poultry meat and eggs in the regional market of the Krasnoyarsk region. The criteria of poultry farms competitiveness in the region are defined. Expert assessments of competitors based on the "4P"concept are compiled. Based on the results of the analysis, a competitiveness diagram of the largest regional producers of poultry meat and eggs is compiled. On the basis of the competitiveness polygon, the development directions of competitive advantages of poultry farms in the region are identified. The proposed measures to promote sales in the format of outside trade will lead to changes in the competitiveness polygon of poultry farms. The article presents recommendations for the acquisition and development of stable competitive positions in the regional market of poultry products. The key success factors influencing the competitiveness of poultry farms in the regional poultry meat market are identified, the most important trends in the development of the competitive environment and ways to improve the competitiveness of poultry farms and their adaptation to changing conditions are presented.
The use of medicinal plants in the compound poultry feed
Authors: Egorov Ivan , Egorova Tatiana
Published: April 2021

The experiments were carried out on 5 groups of cage housed broiler chickens of the Ross 308 cross aged from 1 to 35 days. It was found that dried chicory root, oregano, and common nettle are valuable additives in compound poultry feed. The addition of dried chicory root, oregano, and common nettle in amounts of 2 kg/t; 0.5 kg/t, and 2.0 kg/t, respectively, to broiler diets allows obtaining good livability (100%) and live bodyweight, as well as low feed conversion. In the experimental groups the dried medicinal plants were added to the feed without the use of in-feed antibiotics. It was statistically proven that the live bodyweight in broilers at the end of growing in the experimental groups was significantly in compare to control by 7.08-8.04%. This increase was accompanied by a decrease in feed conversion ratio by 10.33-10.45% due to improved digestibility and retention of dietary nutrients. With the introduction of dried medicinal plants into broiler feed, an increase in the protein content in the pectoral muscles by 1.31-1.56% and a decrease in fat content by 2.23-2.97% were found. The sensory quality of the roasted meat was good.
Magnetic pulse processing of strawberries in the climatic chamber
Authors: Khort Dmitriy , Kutyrev Alexey , Filippov Rostislav , Semichev Stepan
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of experimental studies on the magnetic pulse treatment of strawberries in a climatic chamber. The analysis of the obtained data showed that the greatest effect from the treatment of plants with a low-frequency magnetic pulse field in the phase of peduncle formation was obtained on plants that were treated with a magnetic induction equal to 4 MT, a pulse repetition frequency of 32 Hz and a duty cycle of 20. The relationship between the parameters of low-frequency magnetic pulse radiation and the photosynthetic activity of the leaf apparatus at various stages of ontogenesis, and the qualitative composition of fruits at the stage of maturation is revealed. The high sensitivity of plant organisms to the effects of energy factors, the parameters of which differ in exposure and physical factors, is shown. At the same time, the nature of the response of plants is complex, ambiguous and is determined not only by the electrophysical parameters of the electric field, but also by the specific, varietal and technological features of the crop.
Light Ripples and their Effects per Person and per Bird
Authors: Gladin Dmitry , Kavtarashvili Alexey
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the influence of light pulsation on the physiological state of humans and birds, some aspects of its occurrence, the main characteristics and the alleged role in the deterioration of chickens’ zootechnical indicators under the conditions of using light sources with light flux pulsations of different frequencies. The current state of lighting equipment in poultry farming is characterized by the rapid development of technologies and the active introduction of LED lighting. Having undeniable advantages, LED lighting systems have some technical features that are currently insufficiently studied and can affect the zootechnical indicators of poultry. A clear definition of the threshold values of the characteristics of the pulsation of illumination in the poultry house will make it possible to produce lighting equipment for poultry farming with a safe value of the pulsations of the luminous flux of light sources in their composition. The analysis of numerous literature sources has shown that the influence of light pulsation on the physiological state of humans and zootechnical indicators in birds is associated with a complex effect, depending on such characteristics as the depth and frequency of the pulsation of the light flux of light sources. Despite some differences in the values of the threshold impact of light pulsation, the nature of its impact is similar in humans and birds, which allows us to develop and apply targeted measures to reduce the impact of light pulsation on poultry and the deterioration of its zootechnical indicators.
Comparative assessment and scientific support of seed breeding of the new variety Evgeniya of sudangrass
Authors: Vertikova Elena , Pylnev Vladimir
Published: April 2021

The article characterizes the advantages of sudangrass, presents its comparative assessment, and gives recommendations for the cultivation of a new variety Evgeniya for seeds. Implementation of the program for the development of forage production in Russia and other countries implies not only the creation of new varieties but also the promotion of their introduction. This study aims to test the new variety Evgeniya of sudangrass and refine the cultivation techniques for obtaining high-quality seeds in the Volga region. For a period of 2 years, we studied the new promising variety, new lines that were obtained during interspecific, intraspecific, and intervarietal crossings carried out in different years, and new varieties of sudangrass recommended for cultivation in the region. The Yubileinaya 20 and Zonalskaya 6 varieties of sudangrass were used as standards. Field studies were carried out in 2017-2019. It was found that the new variety Evgeniya was characterized by high values of economically valuable traits. The variety had several biometric and biological features, such as thin stems and high yields, so we studied the influence of sowing methods and seeding rates not only on yield but on seed quality. To obtain the maximum yield of high-quality seeds, Evgeniya sudangrass must be sown with a seeding rate of 0.6-0.7 mln. viable seeds per hectare and row spacing of 30 cm.
Study on resveratrol content in grapes and wine products
Authors: Balanov Petr E , Smotraeva Irina V , Abdullaeva Malika S , Volkova Daria A , Ivanchenko Olga B
Published: April 2021

The current state of the agro-industrial complex and the food industry allows to satisfy the needs of various consumers groups. Among those needs, functional foods enriched with beneficial nutrients are becoming more and more popular. Polyphenols are sometimes used as such additives. The bioflavonoid resveratrol, among the group of polyphenols, has very promising antioxidant, therapeutic, antimicrobial properties. In this regard, studying the potential of its use in the food is highly relevant. Resveratrol is naturally present in the dark grapes. It is localized in the skin of the fruit and passes into the food substance during technological processing. This transition has its own patterns which are outlined in this article. Three varieties of grapes were chosen as the objects of the study: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Krasnostop. Clarified musts from these grape varieties, concentrated musts and wines were researched. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was utilized as the research method. This method allows to separate liquids of complex composition into components with subsequent identification of the mixture composition. To calibrate the chromatograph, the standard “25 mg European Pharmacopoeia”, produced in France, was used as a standard for the pure substance of resveratrol. As the result of the study, it was found that resveratrol is present in the studied samples in various amounts from 4,4 to 7,0 mg / dm³ in the grape juice, from 6,9 to 12,6 mg/dm³ in the wine materials, from 12,4 to 21,3 mg / dm³ in the concentrated juice. These data help establishing the influence of the processing technology of wine and juice concentrates on the resveratrol content. The article also discusses the potential of using concentrated grape juice, rich in resveratrol, to obtain various food products.
Interpretation of weak backscattering signals in a weakly clouded atmosphere
Authors: Bobrovsky Anatoly , Dyachenko Natalia , Potapova Irina , Skoblikova Anna , Yakovleva Tat’yana
Published: April 2021

It is used here the lidar equation describing signals from a weakly turbid atmosphere to solve the problem of the determination of the atmospheric aerosol parameters. It is worthwhile to note that the backscattering and extinction coefficients are constant along the beam path in this case. First approximation of the exponent process can be used to describe the atmospheric extinction. The weak lidar signals were analyzed here. It is useful for calculations of the extinction coefficient the preliminary known value of this parameter. The systematic errors were analyzed for different points along the beam path. The signal power was measured at sufficiently large distance. The systematic errors of the extinction coefficient can exceed the systematic errors of the backscattering signal power. It was shown that corresponding value achieve 20. There was investigated the influence of the systematic errors of the measured signal including background light on the obtained results. It was shown that the obtained results cannot be accurate enough if we use preliminary obtained data found before the measurement. It is found that the relative error of the measured signal ˂1%. It is very important the relative error of the corresponding extinction coefficient can be ˃ 100%. There were investigated the results of measurements and the results of computations. First of all it is associated with the scattered irradiance. The cases were considered with absence and presence of water in the aerosol particles coating. It was shown that the developed models adequately describe the process of scattering by a particle. So it is possible significantly reduce the aerosol sizing error. This model can be applied in determining the pollution of the Arctic air basin.
Structural reliability analysis of a planar truss in case of limited statistical data
Authors: Solovyev Sergey A. , Solovyeva Anastasia A.
Published: April 2021

Trusses are common structural elements in many industrial and civil buildings. The article describes the approach to planar trusses reliability analysis in case of limited statistical data. The proposed approach can be used when it is complicated to determine a cumulative distribution function for design loads and physical/mechanical properties of the material of structural elements. The proposed method for structural reliability analysis requires only estimates of mathematical expectations and standard deviations. The article also presents the equation for planar truss reliability assessment as a system of structural elements. The result of a planar truss reliability analysis is obtained at an interval of non-failure probabilities. If the resulting reliability interval is too wide for decision-making, it is necessary to improve the quality of statistical data for a more accurate assessment of reliability (non-failure probability).
Comment on: The interaction of neutrons with 7Be at BBN temperatures: Lack of Standard Nuclear Solution to the "Primordial 7Li Problem" by M. Gai et al.
Authors: Schumann Dorothea , Dressler Rugard , Köster Ulli , Paul Michael
Published: April 2021

The recently published article [1] claims to reach quantitative conclusions from a collaborative experiment dedicated to the study of the 7Be(n,α)α reaction. The Authors of this Comment who were collaborators in the experi-ment categorically reject the conclusions therein.
Characterization of NIS neutron irradiation facility for calibration and metrological application
Authors: El-Sersy Ahmed R. , Sayed Eman A. , Nagib Salwa H. , Bakr Reham Hamdy , Mahmoud Randa M.M.
Published: April 2021

In this study, the Neutron Irradiation Facility (NIF) of the National Institute of Standards (NIS) was characterized for metrological applications to improve the accuracy of the calibration process. The NIS neutron irradiation facility consists of a 5 Ci Am-Be and 0.1 μg Cf-252 sources. The flux and dose rate of the Am-Be source was calculated by using MCNP5 code simulation at different distances from the source. The dose rate delivered by the source was determined using NM2-neutron monitor at different source-to-detector distances. A comparison between the measured and the calculated dose rate was performed and the deviation between them was explained in the skeletal arrangement of room scattering contribution. A shadow cone was designed and constructed to determine the scattering contribution at different source-to-detector distances. The optimum source-distance used for calibration was specified. It was found that the Am-Be calculated flux vary with distances from about 107–104 (n/cm2.S−1). The measured and the calculated dose rates were in agreement up to 150 cm distance from the source center after which the measured dose was greater than that calculated. The determined neutron scattering calculated from the measured-to-calculate dose ratio increased from 7% to 25% with increased distances from 150 to 300 cm. Moreover, the standard dose used in the calibration should be measured by a standard neutron monitor at each distance due to the higher value of the room scattering contribution where the optimum distance for calibration was 150 cm. The combined uncertainty of the measured neutron dose was 4.04%.
La responsabilité sociale en santé : évolution d’un concept. De l’implication individuelle aux enjeux de développement durable
Authors: Cauli Marie , Pestiaux Dominique , Denef Jean-François , Millette Bernard
Published: April 2021

Contexte et problématique : Le concept de responsabilité sociale en santé (RSS) prend une importance majeure au moment où les systèmes de santé, comme la société en général, vivent un bouleversement inédit sous l’effet d’une pandémie qui remet au centre de nos préoccupations un nécessaire changement de paradigme. Objectif : Cet article offre une courte rétrospective de ce concept en repartant de l’origine et de l’évolution du concept de RS dans l’entreprise, et réinterroge sous l’éclairage des sciences humaines (philosophie, anthropologie, sociologie) la notion de la responsabilité en tant que telle, mais aussi au sein de l’exercice professionnel en santé. Exégèse : Comment intégrer les préoccupations sociales et environnementales dans la pratique médicale au quotidien sans accabler le professionnel de santé du poids d’une responsabilité déjà prégnante ? Plusieurs hypothèses conditionnent ce processus, parmi lesquelles l’instauration d’une pensée systémique, qui rend seule possible une action transformative, un engagement porté sur les valeurs, une co-gestion de l’ensemble des acteurs de santé avec les parties prenantes. Ces hypothèses dessinent les contours d’une définition élargie de la RSS.
Ionizing radiation and its considerations in imaging diagnosis: comparison of absorbed dose between cone beam computed tomography and multi-detector computed tomography in the head and neck
Authors: Oliveira P.L.E. , Starling C.R. , Maurício C.L.P. , Guedes F.R. , Visconti M.A. , Ruellas A.C.O.
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The objective of this study was to compare the mean absorbed dose in patients undergoing head and neck examinations using two cone beam computed tomography (CBCT, Kodak and i-CAT) and one multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT). Methods: Three thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), calibrated in air kerma, were positioned in 24 regions of the head and neck of a phantom simulating an average adult. The mean absorbed dose (mGy) values in these positions, for different organs and tissues, were obtained using correction factors, considering the ratio between the mass energy absorption coefficients of organ/tissue and air. Comparison between radiation doses in the most radiosensitive regions was done by calculating the ratio of these dose values, with propagated uncertainty. Results: The dose in all regions was significantly higher for MDCT when compared to CBCT. Concerning CBCT equipment, the Kodak device had a higher absorbed dose than the i-CAT for most of the regions tested. The uncertainty of the i-CAT was greater than that of the Kodak. Conclusion: Due to the considerable difference between absorbed doses, emphasizing the higher dose values obtained in MDCT, the dissemination of CBCT application in medicine is recommended, as well as further studies to broaden the criteria for use.
A fluid–structure interaction simulation on the wake-induced vibration of tandem cylinders with pivoted rotational motion
Authors: Lee Cheol-Min , Paik Kwang-Jun , Kim Eun Soo , Lee Inwon
Published: April 2021

This paper predicts the wake-induced vibration of tandem cylinders with pivoted rotational or translational motion using the fluid–structure interaction technique. Large eddy simulation using a dynamic Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model is applied for the turbulent flow. Structural computation is applied to obtain the displacement of the downstream cylinder in the cross-flow direction. Conditions such as damping ratio, natural frequency, and mass ratio of pivoted rotational motion are the same as those of translational motion. The computational conditions are Re=3790, 8470 and 15 160, corresponding to U*=5.0, 11.2 and 20.0, respectively. The unsteady characteristics of lift, drag, and cross-flow motion of tandem cylinders are investigated. Distributions of pressure, λ2 criterion, vorticity, and streakline are also investigated. Finally, the energy harvesting capability of the pendulum system is compared with the translation system.
Measuring the electron temperature and identifying plasma detachment using machine learning and spectroscopy
Authors: Samuell C. M. , Mclean A. G. , Johnson C. A. , Glass F. , Jaervinen A. E.
Published: April 2021

A machine learning approach has been implemented to measure the electron temperature directly from the emission spectra of a tokamak plasma. This approach utilized a neural network (NN) trained on a dataset of 1865 time slices from operation of the DIII-D tokamak using extreme ultraviolet/vacuum ultraviolet emission spectroscopy matched with high-accuracy divertor Thomson scattering measurements of the electron temperature, Te. This NN is shown to be particularly good at predicting Te at low temperatures (Te < 10 eV) where the NN demonstrated a mean average error of less than 1 eV. Trained to detect plasma detachment in the tokamak divertor, a NN classifier was able to correctly identify detached states (Te < 5 eV) with a 99% accuracy (an F1 score of 0.96) at an acquisition rate 10× faster than the Thomson scattering measurement. The performance of the model is understood by examining a set of 4800 theoretical spectra generated using collisional radiative modeling that was also used to predict the performance of a low-cost spectrometer viewing nitrogen emission in the visible wavelengths. These results provide a proof-of-principle that low-cost spectrometers leveraged with machine learning can be used to boost the performance of more expensive diagnostics on fusion devices and be used independently as a fast and accurate Te measurement and detachment classifier.
Passivation of the beryllium acceptor in GaN and a possible route for p-type doping
Authors: Demchenko Denis O. , Reshchikov Michael A.
Published: April 2021

Using theory and experiment, we address a possible p-type doping route of GaN using the Be acceptor. Hybrid functional calculations suggest that straightforward incorporation of Be in GaN will likely lead to compensated high resistivity samples. In this case, beryllium interstitials and nitrogen vacancies are the most likely compensating donors. However, calculations also show that simultaneous incorporation of beryllium and hydrogen in the nitrogen-rich growth regime is likely to lead to the formation of neutral BeGa-Hi complexes. These complexes are energetically favorable and do not exhibit any transition levels in the bandgap. Subsequent annealing in hydrogen-free or nitrogen ambient will dissociate these complexes and activate shallow BeGa acceptors in GaN. Experimental measurements, where an ultraviolet photoluminescence band related to the shallow BeGa acceptor emerges after annealing the Be-doped GaN, confirm these findings.
Tangential hard x-ray diagnostic array on the EXL-50 spherical tokamak
Authors: Cheng S. K. , Zhu Y. B. , Chen Z. Y. , Li Y. X. , Bai R. H. , Chen B. , Huang X. L. , Dai L. L. , Liu M. S.
Published: April 2021

A tangential hard x-ray (HXR) diagnostic on the newly constructed ENN XuanLong-50 (EXL-50) spherical tokamak for fast electron emission studies is presented. The HXR detection system consists of a symmetrical CdZnTe semiconductor detector array with a spectral sensitivity range of 20–300 keV. 25 channels have been designed on the 270° horizontal vacuum port with 12 sight lines to observe the forward emission, 12 sight lines to observe the backward emission of fast electrons, and 1 for viewing the central. Currently, ten channels have been in operation in the EXL-50 experiments. The systems are designed to measure the x-ray spectra for the estimation of fast electron temperature and electron velocity distribution in the EXL-50 experiment, which will be useful for understanding the dynamics of fast electrons generated by electron cyclotron resonance heating, for plasma instability and transport studies and for the analysis of plasma heating efficiency.
Design of coaxial coils using hybrid machine learning
Authors: Chen Jun , Wu Zeliang , Bao Guzhi , Chen L. Q. , Zhang Weiping
Published: April 2021

A coil system to generate a uniform field is urgently needed in quantum experiments. However, general coil configurations based on the analytical method have not considered practical restrictions, such as the region for coil placement due to holes in the center of the magnetic shield, which could not be directly applied in most of the quantum experiments. In this paper, we develop a coil design method for quantum experiments using hybrid machine learning. The algorithm part consists of a machine learner based on an artificial neural network and a differential evolution (DE) learner. The cooperation of both learners demonstrates its higher efficiency than a single DE learner and robustness in the coil optimization problem compared with analytical proposals. With the help of a DE learner, in numerical simulation, a machine learner can successfully design coaxial coil systems that generate fields whose relative inhomogeneity in a 25 mm-long central region is ∼10−6 under constraints. In addition, for experiments, a coil system with 0.069% inhomogeneity of the field, designed by a machine learner, is constructed, which is mainly limited by machining the precision of the circuit board. Benefitting from machine learning’s high-dimension optimization capabilities, our coil design method is convenient and has potential for various quantum experiments.
Assessing the sequence dependence of pyrimidine–pyrimidone (6–4) photoproduct in a duplex double-stranded DNA: A pitfall for microsecond range simulation
Authors: Gillet Natacha , Bartocci Alessio , Dumont Elise
Published: April 2021

Sequence dependence of the (6–4) photoproduct conformational landscape when embedded in six 25-bp duplexes is evaluated along extensive unbiased and enhanced (replica exchange with solute tempering, REST2) molecular dynamics simulations. The structural reorganization as the central pyrimidines become covalently tethered is traced back in terms of non-covalent interactions, DNA bending, and extrusion of adenines of the opposite strands. The close sequence pattern impacts the conformational landscape around the lesion, inducing different upstream and downstream flexibilities. Moreover, REST2 simulations allow us to probe structures possibly important for damaged DNA recognition.
Parametric sensitivities of the generalized binomial Langevin–multiple mapping conditioning model
Authors: du Preez Matthew , Wandel Andrew P. , Bontch-Osmolovskaia D. , Lindstedt R. Peter
Published: April 2021

The binomial Langevin model (BLM) predicts mixture fraction statistics including higher moments excellently, but imposing boundedness for the large scalar spaces typically associated with chemically reacting flows becomes intractable. This central difficulty can be removed by using the mixture fraction as the reference variable in a generalized multiple mapping conditioning (MMC) approach. The resulting probabilistic BLM–MMC formulation has several free parameters that impact the turbulence–chemistry interactions in complex flows: the dissipation timescale ratio, the locality in selecting pairs of particles for mixing, and the fraction of particles mixed per time step. The impact of parametric variations on the behavior of the BLM–MMC model is investigated for a complex flow featuring auto-ignition to determine model sensitivities and identify optimal values. It is shown that only the mixture fraction rms is sensitive to the dissipation timescale ratio with the expected behavior of an increased ratio leading to a reduction in rms. Controlling locality by increasing the maximum possible distance between paired particles in reference space has a similar impact. Increasing the fraction of particles mixed only affects reacting scalars by advancing ignition. The modified Curl's model is used for the mixing process and the specified amount of mixing principally controls the local extinction and reignition behavior. It is further shown that the standard value of the dissipation timescale ratio is satisfactory; the amount of mixing should be half that specified by Curl's model; and the distance between particle pairs in reference space should be proportional to the diffusion length scale.
Phase decomposition analysis on oscillatory Rayleigh–Bénard turbulence
Authors: Wu Jian-Zhao , Dong Yu-Hong , Wang Bo-Fu , Zhou Quan
Published: April 2021

We carry out numerical simulations of oscillatory Rayleigh–Bénard convection under lateral periodic conditions over the Rayleigh number range of 106≤Ra≤108 and the vibration frequency range of 0≤ω≤1000. It is demonstrated that high-frequency vibration achieves a significant enhancement of the intensity of convective flows and the heat-transport efficiency. The phase decomposition method is adopted to distinguish between the vibration-generated oscillatory flows and the fluctuating fields. It is shown that although the contribution of oscillatory flows on heat transport vanishes, the oscillating properties in near-wall regions introduce a strong shear effect to increase the intensity of fluctuating velocities both in the bulk regime and within boundary layers, destabilize thermal boundary layers, and trigger massive eruptions of thermal plumes, which achieves an enhancement of heat transfer. Our results further reveal a universal scaling law between the vibrational Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers, i.e., Revib∼Ravib1/2, which can be well described by our proposed analytical model. Moreover, it is shown that vibrational influences are different for the fluctuating velocity and temperature fields.
Visible-infrared (0.4–20
μ
m) ultra-broadband absorber based on cascade film stacks
Authors: Yang Chenying , Zheng Tingting , Luo Hao , Li Kan , Zhang Yueguang , Zhu Meiping , Shao Jianda , Shen Weidong
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we present a glass-based double-side cascade film stack structure for visible-infrared ultrabroadband absorption. The proposed structure demonstrates an average absorption as high as ∼95% over an ultrawide range of wavelengths from 0.4 μm to 20 μm. The high absorption feature of the different bandgap materials is applied in this absorption device to realize the ultrabroadband absorption, combining with the metal-dielectric-like configuration for those unmatched-admittance wavelengths and the graded index profile arrangement for the 0.4–2.5 μm band. The proposed ultrabroadband absorber shows a great angular tolerance up to 60° with the average absorption of 90% remaining. The proposed approach can have tremendous potential in fields of optical sensing, camouflage, optical imaging, passive cooling, and sustainable power generation, profiting from the good mechanical characteristics of this compact multilayer film structure and the low manufacture costs with the simple physical vapor deposition.
Charge exchange recombination spectroscopy measurements of DIII-D poloidal rotation with poloidal asymmetry in angular rotation
Authors: Chrystal C. , Haskey S. R. , Burrell K. H. , Grierson B. A. , Collins C. S.
Published: April 2021

Sixteen new tangential views for the charge exchange recombination (CER) spectroscopy diagnostic at DIII-D were installed in 2019 on the high-field side (HFS) of the tokamak with the main goal being the measurement of main-ion (deuterium) poloidal rotation. Eight of the new views are connected to spectrometers, which view the main-ion spectrum, adding main-ion measurements where there were previously none, and another eight new views increased the spatial resolution of existing impurity (carbon) measurements on the HFS. When combined with the existing low-field side measurements, measurements at two locations on flux surfaces out to a normalized minor radius of ≈0.6 are possible. The new tangential views have been used to measure the deuterium poloidal rotation directly for the first time using the Poloidal Asymmetry in Angular Rotation (PAAR) method. These new measurements enable further testing of the validity of neoclassical poloidal rotation predictions. Separate measurements of the radial electric field can be made for an impurity ion and the main-ion by combining the PAAR measurements with additional CER measurements of toroidal rotation, temperature, and density. These independent measurements of the radial electric field agree reasonably well.