bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
String Stable Bidirectional Platooning Control for Heterogeneous Connected Automated Vehicles
Authors: Pan Dengfeng
Published: December 2024

Article
String Stable Bidirectional Platooning Control for Heterogeneous Connected Automated Vehicles

Dengfeng Pan *

School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
* Correspondence: E-mail: dengfengpan@swin.edu.au

Received: 8 August 2024
Accepted: 18 September 2024
Published: 27 December 2024

Abstract: In vehicular platoons, disturbances can be amplified significantly downstream in the platoon if not adequately addressed, potentially leading to traffic jams or collisions. This paper tackles the challenge in maintaining string stability of heterogeneous vehicular platoons under a bidirectional communication topology and a refined constant time headway spacing policy. First, unlike the commonly used constant spacing policy and constant time headway policy, a refined constant time headway policy that combines the benefits of constant spacing and constant time headway policies is presented to enhance platooning safety while maintaining traffic efficiency. Second, a distributed adaptive estimator is designed such that each follower ensures its real-time estimation on the inaccessible leader's full states. The proposed estimators also well accommodate the heterogeneity among vehicles, allowing distinct inertial lag parameters of the vehicle longitudinal dynamics. Third, leveraging a bidirectional communication topology, a distributed scalable platoon controller is developed to guarantee the desired individual stability and string stability requirements of the vehicle platoon without the need of any global information of the communication topology. Formal sufficient conditions are provided on the existence of the desired estimator and controller gains. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to verify the efficacy of the derived theoretical results. The simulations highlight the string stability and superiority of the proposed spacing policy, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed platooning control method.
LOAD-CARRYING ABILITY OF TRADITIONAL AND PRE-STRESED BIMETALLIC BEAMS UNDER PLASTIC RESPONSE OF THEIR WALL MATERIAL
Authors:   Far Eastern State Transport University, Kravchuk E.V. , Iodchik A.A. ,   Pacific National University, Kravchuk V.A. ,   Pacific National University
Published: December 2024

The article theoretically determines maximum load-carrying ability of traditional bimetallic beams,
optimal distribution of material along flange sheets and wall, and height of wall material zone of flowage. It
is established that using high-strength steels according to GOST 27720 for bimetallic beam flanges, plastic
deformations of wall material penetrate into depth of beam section at the distance of 0.3h (h-height of beam
section). There is no plasticity hinge in wall material. The problem of finding depth, length and areas of plastic deformations in bimetallic beams prestressed by wall stretching is solved. Based on the works of N. A. Makhutov and R. Peterson, stress concentration coefficient and safety factor of pre-stressed beams are determined. Service life of beams with zone of plastic deformation in wall is 1.338. When a beam is cyclically
loaded, its prestresses reduce the level of stresses causing plastic deformation and at the 9thor10th loading
cycle, fluidity of wall material is eliminated. The study establishes the law of monotonic decrease in the height
of plastic deformation zone of beam wall material. Reduced modulus of elasticity of the material of prestressed
beam in state of elastic-plastic deformation is determined. It is established that margin of relative plastic
deformation is 1.738. Based on the fourth energy theory of Huber, Mises and Gencki, limiting reduced stresses
are determined, indicating absence of brittle cracks probability in plastic deformation zone of wall material.
The local yield limit of material and its stiffness coefficient are established.
Thermodynamics of Brain Wave Configurations: Temporal Dynamics of Thought, Sensation, and Motor Acts
Authors: Montgomery Richard Murdoch
Published: December 2024

This study explores the relationship between thermodynamic principles and the temporal dynamics of brain wave
configurations, focusing on the processes underlying thought, sensation, and motor acts. By conceptualizing brain activity
as a dynamic system that minimizes free energy, we analyze how energy landscapes govern transitions between cognitive
states. Brain wave oscillations, including alpha, beta, theta, and gamma rhythms, are modeled as time-dependent attractors
that reflect neural efficiency in processing sensory input and generating motor output. Additionally, we explore the
thermodynamic time scales of thought (milliseconds to seconds), sensation (milliseconds), and motor acts (tens to hundreds
of milliseconds), revealing how neural systems optimize energy dissipation during these processes. This interdisciplinary
approach integrates neural dynamics, thermodynamic laws, and cognitive neuroscience to offer insights into the energetic
constraints that shape mental and physical actions.
Mining Gas Hydrate Status Quo of Flammable Ice in Globe wide Review
Authors: Cheng Junzhe
Published: December 2024

Flammable ice, also known as methane hydrate, is a promising clean energy source that has the potential to significantly contribute to mitigating the effects of climate change. This study delves into the fascinating world of gas hydrate mining, examining pivotal historical milestones and the current state of extraction efforts in key countries such as China, the United States, Japan, and Canada. By analyzing these nations' approaches, the research sheds light on the unique characteristics and inherent limitations of four distinct mining techniques: depressurization, thermal stimulation, chemical injection, and CO2 replacement. The study meticulously uncovers the multifaceted challenges that the industry faces, from technological barriers to environmental concerns, and explores the prospects of flammable ice as a viable energy alternative. It also offers a comprehensive overview of the current research landscape, identifying knowledge gaps and suggesting potential avenues for future exploration. The findings are presented with the aim of informing policymakers and technologists, providing them with valuable insights that could guide the development of more efficient and sustainable mining practices. This research is not just academic; it is a call to action for the scientific community to innovate and collaborate in harnessing the power of flammable ice to combat climate change and secure a cleaner energy future.
Material Selection and Performance Optimization of Deep Ultraviolet Photodetectors- A Comparative Study of Silicon-Based and Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors
Authors: Meng Leyu
Published: December 2024

With the development of science and technology and the demand of advanced technology, deep ultraviolet photodetector has gradually become an important research direction in the field of optoelectronics. Deep ultraviolet photodetectors are widely used in the fields of environmental monitoring, biomedical imaging, military reconnaissance, and outer space environment detection. However, the current deep ultraviolet detection technology faces the challenge of low response speed, sensitivity, accuracy, and monitoring stability in complex environments. By comparing the photoelectric properties of silicon-based materials and wideband gap semiconductor materials, the effects of different materials on the performance of deep ultraviolet photodetectors are analyzed. It is pointed out that one of the keyways to optimize the performance of deep ultraviolet photodetectors is the selection of materials. Studies have shown that although silicon-based materials have the advantages of low cost and high integration, wide-band gap semiconductor materials such as gallium nitride perform better in terms of sensitivity, visible blind zone characteristics and environmental stability. This paper provides a valuable reference for the design of deep ultraviolet detectors in the future and points out the tradeoff and optimization direction of material selection.
Doping and Defect Control in AlGaN-Based Deep Ultraviolet LEDs: Strategies for Enhanced Performance
Authors: Ye Jiankun
Published: December 2024

AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet (DUV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are widely regarded for their potential in critical applications such as sterilization, water purification, and photolithography, operating in the 200-280 nm wavelength range. However, their performance remains limited by high defect densities, inefficient p-type doping, and low light extraction efficiency, which collectively reduce the external quantum efficiency (EQE). This paper provides a comprehensive review of current doping strategies, with an emphasis on optimizing both n-type and p-type conductivity, particularly in high-aluminum-content AlGaN. Moreover, the impact of threading dislocations and point defects on material properties is analyzed, alongside recent advancements in epitaxial growth methods like metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) aimed at reducing defect densities. Although significant progress has been made in defect management and doping efficiency, challenges remain, particularly in enhancing p-type doping activation. The paper concludes by suggesting future directions, including co-doping strategies and stress compensation layers, to further improve DUV LED performance and enable more efficient, commercially viable devices.
The Formation, Evolution, and Impact of Fashion Appearance Stereotypes
Authors: Xu Ziyao
Published: December 2024

Studies suggest that appearance plays an important role in how people are perceived by others. Beauty brings them many troubles, as they often receive a lot of negative comments on social media. Women often receive stares in their everyday lives. This is clearly linked to societal stereotypes about appearance. The stereotype of fashionable individuals genuinely affects the lives and career prospects of those with trendy appearances, impacting their professional and daily lives. This paper primarily examines the development of societal stereotypes related to fashion appearance and explores the underlying reasons for these stereotypes. Drawing from perspectives in sociology and fashion history, the study defines the stereotypes faced by individuals with fashionable appearances within the broader social context. Through case analysis, this research investigates this sociological phenomenon and discusses the tangible impacts of societal stereotypes on individuals with fashionable appearances. It argues that the formation of appearance stereotypes is related to legacies from fashion history. However, it is also largely influenced by modern media and entertainment.
Analysis of the relationship between nanomaterials and environment
Authors: Yu Lu
Published: December 2024

Nanotechnology, a rapidly advancing field, manipulates matter on an atomic scale, offering potential solutions in areas such as environmental remediation, energy storage, and pollution control. However, introducing engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) like carbon nanotubes and metal oxides raises concerns due to their potential environmental and health impacts. ENMs have effectively removed pollutants from water, air, and soil, with materials like nanoscale zero-valent iron and titanium dioxide excelling in remediation efforts. Despite these benefits, the environmental risks posed by nanoparticles, such as bioaccumulation, toxicity to aquatic organisms, and respiratory hazards, remain significant. The persistence of certain nanomaterials, coupled with insufficient data on their long-term behaviors, exacerbates these concerns. This research will explore the positive and negative impacts of ENMs on the environment, discuss the different impacts brought by different nanomaterials in the four articles, and emphasize the importance of developing green nanotechnology solutions. Analyzing the role of nanomaterials in the environment is to strike a balance between innovation and safety, minimizing the environmental footprint while maximizing the benefits.
Preface: 5th International Conference on Automation, Mechanical Control and Computational Engineering (AMCCE 2024)
Authors: Haywood Oswald , Zhang Jun
Published: December 2024

The 2024 5th International Conference on Automation, Mechanical Control and Computational Engineering (AMCCE 2024) was held in Athens, Greece during December 07-08, 2024, bringing together representatives of some of the best high-tech universities, institutions, and companies.
AMCCE 2024 is aimed at providing platform to exchange information on advanced R&D deliverables in the fields of automatic control, mechanical engineering, mechatronics, electrical engineering, and computational engineering, as well as discussing issues, presenting new devices, engineering solutions, software and systems, and bringing together academic research and industry for development of high-tech products.
This publication contains most of the papers presented during the conference. All papers selected here were subjected to peer reviewing process. As such, we would like to thank all reviewers, type-setting editors, and last but not least all committee members for the successful publication of this conference.
Organizing Committee of AMCCE 2024
Athens, Greece
Pathways to Sustainable Aviation through Electric Aircraft and Emerging Technologies
Authors: Li Zimo
Published: December 2024

The aviation industry is a major contributor to global emissions, noise pollution, and energy inefficiency, driving the need for sustainable solutions. Electric aircraft have emerged as a promising alternative, offering potential benefits such as reduced emissions, lower noise levels, and improved energy efficiency. This paper explores the advantages of electric aircraft, focusing on noise reduction, emission cuts, and enhanced energy efficiency, while also addressing the current limitations of battery technology, such as low specific energy and reserve requirements. Despite these challenges, startups are actively developing new battery technologies, such as solid-state and pouch cells, to overcome these barriers. Additionally, the paper examines alternative sustainable technologies, including hydrogen fuel and biofuels, which could complement electric aircraft in achieving low-emission aviation. The report concludes that although widespread adoption of electric aircraft may not be immediate, advancements in technology and integrated solutions will likely drive the aviation industry's transition to a more sustainable future.
Green Finance and Urban Development: Evidence from Cities in China
Authors: Liang Shiyuan , Li Xingyao
Published: December 2024

Green finance drives urban development, and plays a key role in Beautiful China Initiative. Since Integrated Reform Plan for Promoting Ecological Progress was published in 2015, each province and cities in China actively responds and implements this policy. This essay uses a systematic review method to sort relevant domestic and international documents, and is written to study the impact of green finance on urban development. By sorting the documents, we find that green finance plays positive effect on cities’ green development and high-quality economic development. Based on these findings, this paper will further focus on urban green development, differentiation policy to promote inclusive growth and the spirit of the 20th National Congress must be put into effect in relevant policies and data. These four aspects will be used to look forward to the future development of research on this topic. This essay makes up the gap in the relatively scarce comprehensive research on green finance and urban development and plays a practical role in promoting green development and greener social development.
The Way of Communication Strategy Empowering Market Layout and Consumer Awareness in Sinking Markets: The Example of Pinduoduo
Authors: Bai Tianyi
Published: December 2024

In recent years, many companies have begun to enter the lower end of the market in an attempt to capture a larger share of the market; since there is variability in consumption upgrades, companies need to offer a wider range of products to satisfy different consumer segments. Secondly, the growing popularity of small towns and developing markets has made the sinking market increasingly attractive to companies, and Pinduoduo has not only maintained strong growth, but also consolidated its market position in the highly competitive e-commerce sector by virtue of its own development approach. This paper takes Pinduoduo as an example to study how the communication strategy of the sinking market empowers the market layout and consumer awareness. Through the use of process tracking method, it is found that Pinduoduo relies on its unique brand communication method and utilizes the large user base of social media platforms such as WeChat to increase user engagement and purchase intention. Pinduoduo's market positioning not only meets the needs of most consumers, but also provides value to them by utilizing STP theory as a marketing strategy. Pinduoduo has effectively built extensive brand awareness in the sinking market, provided key support for market placement, and established a strong foothold in today's competitive e-commerce business by establishing a connection channel with target consumers and precise marketing strategies.
Discussion on the Influence Mechanism of First Impressions
Authors: Jiao Xinyi
Published: December 2024

First impressions, pivotal in interpersonal dynamics, have been a focal point of research, with significant strides made in understanding their formation and impact. However, the rapid formation and potential biases in these judgments highlight a gap in the literature regarding their accuracy and malleability. This study aims to address this by exploring the interaction between first impression formation factors such as personal factors (such as appearance and non-verbal cues) and external influences (such as cultural background and situational context), and to analyze it in the Internet age. Through a comprehensive literature review, this paper delves into the mechanisms underlying first impression formation and their susceptibility to adjustment, as well as its performance in the Internet era. The findings reveal that while first impressions are often formed rapidly and can be predictive of social outcomes, they are not infallible. There is a notable influence of situational factors and a significant potential for bias, particularly in online environments where controlled self-presentation can skew perceptions. The study concludes with a discussion on the implications of these findings, suggesting that first impressions, though robust, can be influenced by a variety of factors, and strategies for managing these impressions are crucial for effective social interactions. This research contributes to a more nuanced understanding of first impressions, offering insights into their management and the potential for mitigating biases in social judgments.
Causes And Treatment for Obesity: How to Solve Obesity in Singapore?
Authors: Li Yilei
Published: December 2024

Currently, the issue of obesity has been an increasingly important problem in Singapore. This research aims to explore the causes and countermeasures of obesity in Singapore. Meanwhile, it will provide relevant policy recommendations for the government. Through literature review, it is found that the main causes of obesity in Singapore include lifestyle, diet, genetic factors and so on. Among them, lifestyle is one of the most important causes of obesity, including lack of exercise, long time sitting, lack of sleep and so on. In view of these causes, this paper proposes a series of countermeasures, including healthy diet, increasing exercise, psychological intervention and so on. Among them, healthy diet is one of the important means to prevent obesity, it is recommended that people eat more vegetables and fruits, whole grains, low-fat foods and so on. Increasing exercise is also an important means to prevent obesity, and it is recommended that people get at least 30 minutes of aerobic exercise every day. At the same time, this paper also provides relevant policy suggestions for the government, including strengthening health education and limiting the advertising of high-calorie food. Among them, strengthening health education is one of the important means to prevent obesity, it is suggested that the government should strengthen the publicity and promotion of health education in public places and schools.
Automated Testing Platform and Implementation Based on HIL
Authors: Zhu Yongjian , Wang Manna , Wang Yuzhe , Muzhapa  , Yang Nirunze
Published: December 2024

In-vehicle automated testing is to verify and evaluate the functions and performances of in-vehicle systems through automated testing tools and technologies. This paper introduces an automated test platform based on hardware-in-the-loop (HIL), which aims to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the test, reduce the error caused by human factors, and ensure the stability and reliability of the vehicle system. In this paper, the architecture design, characteristics, basic functions, test steps and advantages of HIL automated testing platform are discussed in detail. Finally, the effectiveness of the platform is verified by practical application cases.
Research on the Application of AR Technology in Brand Marketing
Authors: Jin Yanshu , Xu Qihan , Zhang Yuhe
Published: December 2024

The application of AR technology in brand marketing has garnered widespread attention. AR is gradually emerging as an indispensable tool in future brand marketing strategies. However, the cost of developing and implementing AR applications remains high, and the technology is still not sufficiently mature for small businesses. Meanwhile, there exists a problem of low user satisfaction. This article delves into the specific applications of AR in brand marketing, exploring both its positive impacts and shortcomings. The analysis reveals that the application of AR in brand marketing is beneficial for enhancing consumer interaction experience and improving consumption efficiency and convenience. However, the equipment and cost associated with it still require further development. Based on this, the article proposes several suggestions for small brands: providing fewer resources and technical support to reduce costs, enhancing the technical performance and compatibility of the AR experience, implementing strict data privacy policies, and ensuring transparent user consent processes.
The Impact of Parental Involvement on Student Growth and Educational Effectiveness
Authors: Rong Xiangying
Published: December 2024

The connection between a parent's active role in education and their child's academic success has been a topic of considerable interest. Despite the acknowledged benefits of parental involvement, many parents still do not engage sufficiently in their children's education. This paper delves into the intricate dynamics of how parental involvement can foster or hinder student development and educational outcomes. It underscores that the influence of parental involvement is not one-dimensional but rather a complex interplay that can cut both ways. The paper concludes that the effects of parental involvement are ambivalent, highlighting the necessity for a balanced approach to ensure that it contributes positively to a child's educational journey and overall development. Consequently, the paper advocates for a nuanced understanding of parental involvement, suggesting that further research is required to dissect the multifaceted impacts and to develop effective strategies. It calls for an in-depth exploration of the mechanisms by which parental involvement influences learning and for the formulation of practical approaches that can be tailored to individual needs. The ultimate goal is to enhance comprehensive development and academic achievement in children, taking into account the delicate balance that must be struck between support and over-involvement.
Diverse Applications of Frontier Nanotechnology in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Zheng Wenle
Published: December 2024

As the demand for electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid EVs (HEVs) continues to grow rapidly, improving battery performance has become essential for enhancing energy efficiency, safety, and reliability. Nanotechnology, with its ability to manipulate materials at the nanoscale, offers transformative solutions to many challenges in battery design. Since J. Goodenough discovered lithium cobalt oxide for lithium-ion batteries in 1980, significant advancements have been made, particularly through the integration of carbon-based nanomaterials. These nanomaterials have enabled higher energy densities, longer lifespans, and faster charge-discharge cycles. In addition, nanotechnology addresses critical issues such as thermal management and ion transport, offering potential breakthroughs in these key areas. By making good use of nanoparticles, scientists are developing next-generation batteries that are more efficient, durable, and environmentally friendly. This paper examines the wide-ranging applications of nanotechnology in battery development, focusing on how nanoparticles can solve current limitations and contribute to the future of EV innovation.
Data Correlation Aware Buffer Cache Management for Improved I/O Performance on Log-Structured File System-based NAND Flash Storage Devices
Authors: Tian Tian
Published: December 2024

Buffer cache was critical in bridging the access speed gap between main memory and disks. Conventional buffer cache management approaches focus on improving the cache hit ratio by exploiting the locality of I/O workloads. However, conventional buffer caching strategies do not take the write characteristics of log-structured file systems into consideration, and thus they would suffer from a poor cache hit ratio as well as the degraded I/O performance. This study proposes a novel buffer cache management strategy at SSD controllers to improve the data caching performance. It takes advantages of the I/O pattern of log-structured file systems, e.g., F2FS, by correlating the current block I/O address with its previous I/O address such that the I/O requests issued to the same file location can be efficiently managed by the buffer cache. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach substantially improve the read I/O performance by 14.5%, write I/O performance by 92.4%, and enhance the flash lifetime by 92.0%.
Efforts to improve air quality in major regions - costs and benefits, successes and failures
Authors: Lu Shizheng
Published: December 2024

Today, pollution of the atmosphere presents serious dangers to human wellness and the environment in many major regions. The paper study the successes and failures of various pollution control methods by finding the root causes of air pollution in three major regions, Europe, Delhi in India, and California in USA, and the methods they implemented to reduce it. Targeted government policies and strict regulatory frameworks have brought improvements in Europe and California, on the other hand, hasty and coercive legislation has also led to some unforeseen challenges that were not anticipated. Delhi government also effort to implement pollution control policies, but in recent years, there has been a lack of further measures, mostly because of the fast industrialization and weak implementation of environmental and financial restrictions. The purpose of this paper is to provide assistance for the development of future global air quality control measures through the utilization of these cases.
Research on radio signal modulation mode identification algorithm based on transformer
Authors: Yu Ziyue , Chen Yu
Published: December 2024

Aiming at the deep learning-based radio signal modulation mode recognition algorithm, a Transformer network model of radio signal modulation mode recognition algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the Transformer network model is built, which contains 12 layers of Transformer encoder and 3 layers of fully connected layers; secondly, the original data is partitioned into sequences with a fixed window size, and the models with different window sizes are compared, and the model with the optimal window size is comprehensively selected for experimental comparisons; lastly, the optimal model is compared with the other benchmark models, and the modulation signal is used to recognize the modulation mode of radio signals using the RaidoML2016.10a international standard dataset. The sample is the RaidoML2016.10a international standard dataset to train the model. The experimental results show that the Transformer model algorithm can achieve recognition accuracy of 94.63% under the condition of signal-to-noise ratio of 16 dB, as well as an average recognition accuracy of 63.18%, and the maximum recognition accuracy and average recognition accuracy are higher than those of the current benchmark models by 2%~11% and 1%~7%, respectively. The model has superior recognition and fast convergence speed.
The Influence of Gender Stereotypes in Children's Literature on Career Aspirations
Authors: Wei Yuxuan
Published: December 2024

Gender stereotypes in children's books have been a central topic of concern, but they exist and have been influencing children's career categories. This paper discusses gender roles as depicted in children's books and how these affect children's outlooks toward career options. The results show that children's literature is often one source of reinforcing postulate gender roles such that male characters are presented as solid and career-oriented. In contrast, female characters are usually said to be naturally inclined to be virtual beings. Consequently, they stereotype an already limiting career choice for each gender. Boys are pushed into male-dominated career fields, while girls are discouraged from opting to take careers in STEM. Out of these findings, the article will propose the development of more neutral and inclusive children's literature that contradicts the existing stereotypes. The writers, the educators, and the policymakers are thus advised to run a balanced narrative that includes various gender representations, therefore enabling children to think beyond limitations. Creating gender-neutral children's books that depict women in empowered roles is a necessary step to reduce the long-term effects of stereotypes on workforce gender inequality.
Resilience and Vulnerability of Reservoir-Based Water Sources in the Context of Natural Disasters and Extreme Weather
Authors: Zhao Zeju
Published: December 2024

Extreme conditions are associated with water security as one of the vital issues that cannot be deduced, where natural disasters and extreme weather disturb the whole supply of water. Reservoir-based water sources have a crucial role to make the water supply resilient; nevertheless, they belong to the group of water sources that tend to encounter interruptions when triggered by typhoons and earthquakes. The foundations of these structures rest on strong policy frameworks and efficient management, which alleviate the damage from weather related phenomena. This research presents a comprehensive investigation into the endurance and weaknesses of reservoir-based water sources and aptly highlights the pertinence of those strategies to adaptively protect the supply of water under rapidly changing conditions. When investigating the water management policies of the People's Republic of China and Japan, it can be noted that they both possess valuable lessons about overcoming the difficulties stemming from natural catastrophes and harsh weather. The Chinese policy set not only reflects the growing trend of comprehensively managing water resources but is also faced with obstacles in implementation due to mismatches of regional conditions and incessant industrialization. Japan, as a country traditionally exposed to the earthquake and typhoons, has developed valuable methods for increasing the resilience of water systems, relying on a long history of disaster management and technological innovation. The study aims to synthesize the strategies brought by the approaches and put forward those measures and areas for cross-learning so that the vulnerability of water sources could be decreased, and resilience could be enhanced. The comparison does not only contribute to evaluating the water security policies of the states but also to the formulation of recommendations for the tougher environmental and human factors.
Expanded analysis of Simpson’s Paradox: A Case Study
Authors: Wang Xinyan
Published: December 2024

Simpson’ s paradox is a famous paradox in economic field. It explains the abnormal statistical results with respect to two different variables. That is to say, in some kinds of census, the trend of the whole group may not be able to represent the separate groups. The application of it includes enrollment of universities, success rate of treatment, the effect of smoking on life span, admissions policies and so on. The paradox plays a significant role in statistical analysis, because in some terms, it can decide the accuracy of the data sets. The paper aims to seek possible solutions to reduce the uncertainties emerged in the paradox with respect to mathematical methods. In this paper, theoretical and real case analysis are presented. Several representative cases are analyzed, and previous methods are included. The author raises an improvement for the methods above. The conclusion is that if proper weight is added, there will be little error in spite of the occurrence of Simpson’ paradox.
Research on UAV Counter-Terrorism and the US Counter-Terrorism Strategy
Authors: Liu Jun
Published: December 2024

Drones, which once made great contributions to the US anti-terrorism war, and the anti-terrorism policy represented by Obama are now widely criticized. Not only are victims in Pakistan and Yemen condemning them, but there have also been widespread doubts in the United States in recent years, and Senator Paul's speech against drones has aroused widespread discussion and doubts in the United States. This doubt arises not only because drones have killed a large number of innocent people while fighting against terrorism, nor because drones have indirectly provided a breeding ground for terrorist organizations, but also because of the deep dissatisfaction with Obama's anti-terrorism policy in the United States.
The Pathogenesis and Countermeasure of Ebola Virus Disease
Authors: Jin Kedu
Published: December 2024

Ebola virus disease(EVD), previously known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a serious and frequently fatal illness caused by Ebola virus (EBOV).Between 2014 and 2016, the West Africa region faced the most substantial Ebola epidemic to date, which devastated Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia, resulting in infections exceeding 28,000 and fatalities surpassing 11,000. Subsequently, from 2017 to 2020, various provinces in the Democratic Republic of Congo's western and eastern regions encountered Ebola outbreaks, leading to over 2,300 fatalities. The most recent instance concluded in the Équateur Province on November 19, 2020. EBOV posed an immense challenge to international public health; however, it also yielded valuable insights into the pathogenesis, natural history, clinical manifestations, treatment, prevention, and control strategies of Ebola. Especially, The emergence of the epidemic generated an abundance of authentic and dependable research data and case studies, which facilitated extensive testing of certain clinical trial drugs, thereby establishing a robust foundation for future therapies of EVD. In the present review, we aim to delineate the pathogenesis of EBOV and compile a summary of the most recent countermeasures.
Current Status and Development Trend of Research on The Interaction Mechanism Between Large Building Foundations in Goaf Sites
Authors: Yang Zhe
Published: December 2024

With the acceleration of urban development and industrialization, the construction of large buildings in goaf sites is becoming increasingly common. The goaf site has characteristics such as underground cavities and weak soil layers, which pose significant challenges to the safety and stability of the foundation of large buildings. This article aims to systematically explore the interaction mechanism between goaf sites and large-scale building foundations, analyze the current research status, and look forward to future development trends. Through a comprehensive literature review and case analysis, this article summarizes the influencing factors of goaf sites on the foundation of large-scale buildings, while elaborating on the challenges currently faced by research and proposing possible future research directions.
Elucidating the Predictive Capacity of Gene Expression in Lung Carcinogenesis
Authors: Yan Xilei
Published: December 2024

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, with the highest incidence rates reported worldwide. This pervasive disease is significantly influenced by factors such as smoking, air pollution, and occupational exposure, with varying incidence rates across different regions and demographics. Advances in genomic technology have ushered in a new era of high-throughput gene analysis, enhancing our understanding of lung cancer's molecular underpinnings. This study focuses on the gene expression profiles of 551 patients, employing techniques such as volcano plots and binary regression analysis to identify key genetic markers associated with lung cancer. Our findings highlight five critical genes: CLDN18, GKN2, LYVE-1, GPIHBP1, and CLIC5, which not only play significant roles in the early detection of lung cancer but also hold potential as targets for future therapeutic interventions. By leveraging gene expression for early screening, this research contributes to improving lung cancer prognosis and paves the way for developing targeted treatment strategies, thereby underscoring the importance of integrating molecular genetics into clinical practice for personalized medicine approaches in lung cancer management.
Advances in liposomes in anticancer drug delivery systems
Authors: Su Siyi
Published: December 2024

The tumor is a complex and severe physical illness with a mass of abnormal cells, which affects a significant number of individuals across the globe. This illness can have a profound influence on those who suffer from it, both physically and mentally, and its appearing positions and symptoms are various and mutable. Despite the challenges it presents, scientists work on treatments and medicines to improve symptoms. One of the popular treatments is drug delivery, which is the process of releasing a drug inside the human body. Nanotechnology is promising in this field because of the demand for dedicated release. As one of the nanoparticles, liposomes present an excellent performance and potential future in drug delivery. The literature review attempts to show liposome structure, features, and significant applications by considering recent research based on authoritative theories. Through the review of previous studies, it could be proposed that liposomes earn significant progress in labs but still need further exploration to make advances in clinical applications.
A comparative study of e-commerce review sentiment analysis models based on VADER and RoBERTa
Authors: Bao Yongli
Published: December 2024

The study compares the performance of two sentiment analysis models - VADER and RoBERTa - in analyzing Amazon product reviews. Using a dataset of reviews containing different star ratings, the study performed sentiment analysis on reviews using the VADER and RoBERTa models, respectively, and analyzed the performance of both on positive, neutral, and negative sentiment scores. The results show that the RoBERTa model performs well in capturing complex sentiment and contextual information, and especially has stronger recognition ability on extreme sentiments (e.g., 1-star and 5-star reviews.) The VADER model, although lightweight and fast, predicts weak correlation between sentiment scores and actual user ratings when dealing with complex semantics and long texts. This study provides reference value for sentiment analysis of user reviews on e-commerce platforms.
Advancements in Machine Learning-Based Depth Estimation
Authors: He Hongda
Published: December 2024

Obtaining depth information (Depth estimation) from one or several Red-Green-Blue (RGB) images remains a crucial and challenging task in computer vision, with significant implications for applications of robotics, medical imaging, autonomous driving, augmented reality (AR), and so on. Machine learning has revolutionized depth estimation, making it the leading approach in recent years. This paper thoroughly reviews machine learning-based depth estimation methods, encompassing the classification and comparison of frequently used datasets, emerging trends, and key evaluation metrics. The study evaluates six state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods. Some common evaluation metrics are utilized to assess their performance. The results indicate that incorporating diffusion models, internal discretization, and semi-supervised learning techniques markedly enhances the performance of depth estimation models. These innovations provide valuable perspectives and experiences for future research in the field. By highlighting the effectiveness of these advanced methods, this review provides a solid foundation for understanding current capabilities and guiding future developments in machine learning-based depth estimation.
Exploiting Training Stage Reconstruction Instability for Image Anomaly Detection
Authors: Wang Yihua
Published: December 2024

Image anomaly detection is an important and practically significant research area. Methods such as reconstruction and feature extraction are mainly utilized. For reconstruction methods, purely normal input images should be provided, which is close to supervised learning. For feature extraction methods, unsupervised learning ones without a designated feature learning orientation perform much worse than supervised learning ones. In this paper, the goal is to achieve anomaly detection based on unsupervised learning. Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) is used as the approach, similar to unsupervised learning feature extraction methods, but it focuses more on the feature variation rate rather than using the feature outputs for further classification. The results show an innovative phenomenon in the GAN training process and achieve clear anomaly detection in unsupervised learning. The feature variations reflect the learning state of the model. The feature variations of similar images will converge in the certain learning state, while anomalies will appear as outliers. This phenomenon reveals how the model is learning, particularly about the details. The learning process of the model is intermittent and tries to learn the main features before the details. A more difficult task makes the fluctuations more significant.
CRISPR/Cas gene editing and its application in the treatment of Gliomas in the brain
Authors: Sun Raymond
Published: December 2024

The CRISPR/Cas system has emerged as a transformative genome-editing technology, enabling precise modifications of genetic material. This paper explores the potential applications of CRISPR/Cas technology in the treatment of gliomas, particularly glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive and lethal brain tumor. With over 3,000 genes linked to disease-causing mutations, CRISPR/Cas offers a novel approach to address the underlying genetic alterations in cancer. Recent studies demonstrate the efficacy of CRISPR/Cas12a in knocking out miR-21, a microRNA inversely correlated with glioblastoma survival, resulting in reduced tumor growth in mouse models. Furthermore, we introduce a novel "genome shredding" approach using CRISPR/Cas9 to target repetitive DNA sequences in GBM, leading to extensive cell death, independent of the tumor's genetic profile. Despite these promising advancements, challenges remain in optimizing CRISPR's efficacy and delivery mechanisms to improve patient outcomes. This review highlights the significant potential of CRISPR/Cas systems in revolutionizing glioma therapy while addressing the need for continued research to mitigate off-target effects and enhance therapeutic delivery.
Research On the Balanced Relationship Between Parental Expectations and Student Development Under Exam-Oriented Education
Authors: Wu Yuchen
Published: December 2024

The response of parents to China's exam-oriented education and its impact on students has attracted widespread attention in recent years. However, research on parental behavioral characteristics and their impact on students is still insufficient. This article aims to analyze in-depth the behavioral characteristics exhibited by parents in an exam-oriented education system and the specific impact they have on students' high expectations. Research has found that high expectations from parents can promote students' academic achievement but may also lead to higher academic pressure for students. This kind of pressure often makes students feel anxious, affecting their learning motivation and emotional health, thereby hindering their comprehensive development. In addition, parents' excessive focus on academic performance may lead to students neglecting the cultivation of other important skills, such as social skills and creativity. Therefore, relying only on parental expectations to drive students' development is not a long-term solution. Based on these findings, this article proposes multi-faceted improvement suggestions for students, parents, and schools. For students, parents and teachers should attach importance to the cultivation of their mental health and self-management abilities. For parents, it is recommended to enhance their understanding of educational diversity and reduce excessive focus on exam scores. For schools, it is necessary to establish a more comprehensive evaluation system to encourage students to develop in all aspects.
Application of Capital Asset Pricing Model in Finance
Authors: Leng Wenjie
Published: December 2024

In the financial sector, Mathematics is indispensable everywhere. To be precise, Portfolio Optimization and Risk Management are two common methods under investment. The article introduces Portfolio Optimization and Risk Management to explain how mathematics using in Finance. In Portfolio Optimization plate, this article starts with the basic theories, which include Markowitz portfolio theory and combine with the celebrated Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). In Risk management, the article specifically describes how do calculus used in Value-at-Risk (VaR) and conditional VaR. This article uses specific data and function to explain how math using in these sectors. CAPM model makes it possible for investors to assess and choose among competing financial based on absolute risk as opposed to overall risk. The primary benefits of CAPM are its clarity and simplicity. It breaks down the cost of any risk security into three components: risk price, risk calculation unit, and risk-free rate of return. These three components are then naturally combined.