bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physico-chemical and mechanical thermo-rheological characterization of three varieties of triticale starches
Authors: Correa-Pacheco Zormy Nacary , González-Fuentes P.A. , Tramón-Pregnan C.L. , Solorzano-Ojeda S.C. , Zúñiga-Quintana A. , Sabino Gutiérrez M.A. , Jiménez-Pérez J.L.
Published: September 2020

Nowadays, starch is an excellent biodegradable option instead of synthetic polymers, to avoid contamination. In this work, triticale starch from three varieties (Faraón, Peteroa and Aguacero) was isolated and the physico-chemical and thermo-rheological properties were evaluated. Also, mechanical properties of thermoplastic films using this starch were assessed. From the physico-chemical analysis it was found that the moisture, protein and lipids contents were slightly different among starches. Amylose value was similar. Thermo-rheological behavior measured by Mixolab® revealed that initial water uptake was higher for Faraón variety due to the grain morphology observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Values for gelatinization temperature obtained were 82.2 °C for Faraón starch, followed by Peteroa (72.0 °C) and finally Aguacero (65.6 °C). From the mechanical properties, Faraón thermoplastic starch (TPS) films showed the highest value of Young’s modulus (1.90 ± 1.09 MPa) for the composition 50/25/25  (starch/glycerol/water). The highest elongation at break (64.77 ± 14.14 %) was obtained for Peteroa composition 50/35/15 (starch/glycerol/water).  Then, triticale mainly used to feed animals more than for human consumption, could be good alternative for preparing biodegradable films with potential applications in agriculture and food packaging.
دور معلمي التربية الإسلامية في ترسيخ مبادئ التربية الجنسية كما جاءت في السنة النبوية لدى طلبتهم في المدارس الحكومية بمحافظات غزة
Authors: الجمل محمد كامل
Published: September 2020

هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن دور معلمي التربية الإسلامية في ترسيخ مبادئ التربية الجنسية كما جاءت في السنة النبوية لدى طلبتهم في المدارس الحكومية بمحافظات غزة، ولتحقيق هذا الهدف استخدم الباحث منهجين للدراسة الذين يمكنان من تفسير الأحداث، وتحليل مضمونها؛ ولذلك اعتمد على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، والمنهج الاستنباطي من خلال الأحاديث النبوية، واستخدم أداة البحث وهي عبارة عن استبانة مكونة من (40) بنداً، وتمثلت أبرز النتائج في أن نسبة دور معلمي التربية الإسلامية في ترسيخ مبادئ التربية الجنسية كما جاءت في السنة النبوية لدى طلابهم في المدارس الحكومية في محافظة رفح بلغت (83%) وهو مستوى مرتفع. وأوصت الدراسة بالاهتمام بالإعداد والتأهيل الكاملين لمعلمي التربية الإسلامية وإمدادهم بما يلزم من وسائل تساعد على تربية الجيل جنسياً. وضرورة الأخذ بوسائل التكنولوجيا في توصيل المعلومات الجنسية لطلبة المدارس حسب مستوياتهم.

The role of teachers of Islamic education in the consolidation of the principles of sex education as came in the Sunnah for students in governmental schools The study aimed at uncovering the role of the Islamic education teachers in establishing the principles of sex education as they came in the Prophetic Sunnah when they were enrolled in the public schools in the Gaza governorates. To achieve this goal, the researcher used two methods of study that can explain the events and analyze their content. And the method of deductive through the Prophet's Hadith, and used the research tool is a questionnaire consisting of (40) items, and the most prominent results that the proportion of the role of teachers of Islamic education in the consolidation of the principles of sex education as stated in the Sunnah of their students in public schools in Rafah portfolio amounted to (83%), a high level. The study recommended paying attention to the full preparation and rehabilitation of the teachers of Islamic education and providing them with the necessary means to help raise the generation sexually. And the need to introduce technology in the delivery of sexual information to school students according to their levels.
COVID-19 y empresas de plataforma tecnológica: sector del mercado bursátil más atractivo para invertir
Authors: Díaz Castro Diego , Gómez Torres Rodolfo , Salazar Martínez Víctor
Published: September 2020

Con el propósito de identificar los sectores más atractivos para la inversión en el mercado bursátil durante la pandemia por COVID-19, se hace un análisis de las denominadas empresas “FAANG” observando el comportamiento del valor de sus acciones bajo la metodología revisión documental de tipo descriptivo apoyándose en fuentes de información secundaria como la página web de la Bolsa de valores de Colombia (BVC), y la base de datos de visualización financiera de FINVIZ, además de recurrir a conceptos necesarios de autores como Roldán, García y Rey (2020) y Şenol y Zeren (2020). Se concluye que las empresas con mayor inyección de capital por parte de inversionistas son las que desde sus inicios tienen como insumo principal el internet.
GENDER INFLUENCE ON THE LEVEL OF DISCRIMINATION AND STIGMATIZATION OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/ AIDS IN GARISSA COUNTY
Authors: Abdirahman Osman S. , Onyango Dr. Sarah , Walekhwa Dr. Charles
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish whether gender influences the level of discrimination and stigmatization of people living with HIV/ AIDS in Garissa County.Methodology: The target population of the study was all the patients with HIV and AIDS attending The Comprehensive care Centre at Garissa Provincial General Hospital in Garissa County. There are approximately 2000 people actively on ARVs attending the facility. A sample of 200 respondents was selected using random sampling from the listed list of all patients in the hospitals. The study used primary data. Data collection methods included: questionnaires and interview guide. Data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Information was sorted, coded and input into the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for production of graphs, tables, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Results were presented by use of tables and charts.Results: Based on the findings, the study concluded that gender does not influence stigmatization and discrimination levels.  Stigmatization and discrimination occurred to anyone irrespective of their gender. The study concluded that gender is not statistically significant in explaining stigmatization and discrimination of people living with HIV in Garissa County.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Based on the findings, the study recommends that health drives and campaigns should be conducted in order to raise the knowledge levels on how HIV can be spread.
CLASS RELATIONS INFLUENCE ON THE LEVEL OF DISCRIMINATION AND STIGMATIZATION OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/ AIDS IN GARISSA COUNTY
Authors: Abdirahman Osman S. , Onyango Dr. Sarah , Walekhwa Dr. Charles
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish whether class relations influences the level of discrimination and stigmatization of people living with HIV/ AIDS in Garissa County.Methodology: The target population of the study was all the patients with HIV and AIDS attending The Comprehensive care Centre at Garissa Provincial General Hospital in Garissa County. There are approximately 2000 people actively on ARVs attending the facility. A sample of 200 respondents was selected using random sampling from the listed list of all patients in the hospitals. The study used primary data. Data collection methods included: questionnaires and interview guide. Data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Information was sorted, coded and input into the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for production of graphs, tables, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Results were presented by use of tables and charts.Results: Based on the findings, the study concluded that class relations influenced the level of stigmatization and discrimination. Specifically, the level of income influenced stigmatization and discrimination levels.  People with high levels of income experienced less of stigmatization and discrimination compared to those with low levels of income. The study also concluded that the level of income is statistically significant in explaining stigmatization and discrimination of people living with HIV in Garissa County.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Based on the findings, the study recommends that civic education and guidance and counseling would be of great importance in helping to iron out the wrong perceptions about HIV/AIDs. In addition, it would assist to reduce the levels of stigmatization and discrimination.
EVALUATION OF FUNGAL SINUSITIS ON COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND ITS CORRELATION WITH ENDOSCOPY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY FINDINGS
Authors: Hamza Ameer , Ishfaq Qainat , Afzal Alisha , Shafeeq Aneesa , Junaid Muhammad , Maryum Dr Sara , Haq Dr Anwarul , Gillani Yousaf
Published: September 2020

Purpose: To evaluate fungal sinusitis on computed tomography and its correlation with endoscopy and histopathology findings.Methodology: A comparative cross sectional analytical study was conducted at a tertiary care in Lahore. During four months of research period 138 patients were observed. CT scan was performed routinely on 128 slice CT machine by Siemens Germany Ltd having slice thickness of 3 mm, reconstructions at 0.75 mm in coronal and sagittal planes. Scanning parameters included 190 mA , 120 KV and tube rotation time of 0.5 s. Preoperative evaluation by CT was mandatory for all patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).The findings of endoscopy and histopathology were also collected in all those cases when the investigation was done. The data was then analysis by using SPSS version 25.Findings: Out of 138 patients, 63 females and 75 males were observed. 80 were affected unilaterally (58%) and 58 were affected bilaterally (42%). 111 patients showed sinus expansion (80.4%) and 84 patients showed extra sinus expansion (60.9%). 106 patients were diagnosed on CT (76.8%). All those 106 were sent for endoscopy, out of which 94 patients (68.1%) were affected on endoscopy. But the tissue cultures of 106 patients after endoscopy were sent for histopathology that confirmed 96 patients (69.6%) were affected with fungal sinusitis.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: CT scan is very sensitive for detecting fungal sinusitis. It is a non-invasive and easily available procedure that will help in the early diagnosis on fungal sinusitis. But it is nonspecific as it does not give the confirmation about the nature of sinusitis.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN PENETRATION DEPTH OF RESIN-BASED MATERIALS INTO WHITE SPOT LESION
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Adel , Abdalhady Abdallah A. , Noaman K.M
Published: September 2020

Purpose: This study conducts an in vitro comparison of the depth of penetration of a resin infiltrant material (Icon), a two-step self-etch resin-based material (OptiBondTM XTR), and a solvent-free self-etch resin-based material (Bond-1SF) into white spot lesions (WSLs).Methodology: Through an in vitro clinical trial, a total of 60 human posterior teeth, free from caries, were collected. The buccal and lingual surfaces of each tooth were marked, resulting in a total of 120 samples of surfaces, which represented the operational sample size. The samples were randomly divided into four equal main groups (n = 30) according to the materials used. Group 1 (M1) was the control group. Group 2 (M2) was restored using Icon, Group 3 (M3) using OptiBondTM XTR, and Group 4 (M4) using Bond-1SF. Each group was divided into two equal groups (n = 15) according to the surface treatment, and the first group (W1) was subjected to surface treatment but the second group (W2) was not. The resin penetration depth was observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy.Findings: The highest penetration depth was recorded for Group 2 with surface treatment (M2W1), and the lowest was recorded for Group 4 without surface treatment (M4W2). An analysis of variance test revealed a statistically significant difference in the penetration depth of tested materials (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Icon shows the best penetration depth value in relation to WSLs, whereas Bond-1SF shows the worst. Surface treatment has a positive effect on the penetration depth of the resin-based materials.
ASSESSING INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AS A STRATEGIC TOOL IN THE DELIVERY OF JUDICIAL SERVICES
Authors: Bosire Jared K. , Wamache Michael
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the information communication technology as a strategic tool in the delivery of judicial services.Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive case study design. The population of the study was staff drawn from various departments of the judiciary. The sample of 59 was selected using a stratified sampling technique. The data collection tool was questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as means, frequencies and percentages. In addition, SPSS was used to conduct factor analysis.Results: Results indicate that the factors that affect the strategic adoption of ICT in the judiciary had a positive relationship with the adoption of ICT. The findings indicated that the judiciaries in Kenya face low adoption of ICT.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Following the study results, the judiciary was recommended to introduce induction training in basic computer packages. The judiciary was also recommended to change the attitudes and perception of staff towards technological factors which include the perceived relative advantage of ICT, compatibility of ICT, complexity of ICT, Triability of ICT, and observability of ICT. It was also recommended that the organization should have adequate resources so as to enhance smooth adoption of ICT. The judiciary was also recommended to try and incorporate young people in the system as they tend to embrace ICT as compared to older managers, employ qualified personnel who are enthusiasts, pragmatists and artisans.
EVALUATION OF THE ACCESSIBILITY OF KENYA E-GOVERNMENT WEBSITES IN THE NAIROBI CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT
Authors: Kituyi Henry Wanyonyi , Waweru J.
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accessibility of Kenya E-Government Websites in the Nairobi Central Business District.Methodology: This study adopted a descriptive survey design. The targeted population of this study was all cyber cafés management/owners and their users. This study used stratified random sampling. A sample size of 384 respondents was used. The questionnaire was the instrument for data collection. Questionnaires were issued to the respondents through self-introduction. Frequencies, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used. Microsoft excel were also used to complement SPSS.Results: This further means that ICT literacy influenced Government websites accessibility as supported by a p value of 0.000. Results also revealed that ICT delivery channel influenced Government websites accessibility as supported by a p value of 0.000. Further, results revealed that disability was statistically significant in explaining or predicting the accessibility of e-government websites as evidenced by p value of 0.000.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that Government website should accommodate facilities for persons with disabilities. It is therefore recommended that Government policy makers should review existing knowledge disseminations regulations within Government with the aim of relaxing regulations on information dissemination. This will build a culture of information openness between the Government and citizens. In other words the Government should maximize information dissemination through their websites.
APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR ASSESSING LAND COVER RESOURCES VARIABILITY IN THE SELOUS GAME RESERVE, TANZANIA
Authors: Mambo Phillip W. , Makunga John E.
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The study was conducted in Selous Game Reserve, with intention of developing GIS and Remote Sensing based wildlife management system in the protected area.Methodology: All habitats were digitised using ArcGIS9.3 in which five scenes of Landsat TM and ETM+ digital images were acquired during dry seasons of the year 2000 and 2010. Band 3 and 4 of the Landsat images were used for calculation of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for determination of vegetation spatial distributionResults: The NDVI maps of year 2000 to 2010 revealed the vegetation density depletion from 0.72 (obtained in 0.46─0.72 value interval and covering 46.5% pixel area) in 2000 as compared to 0.56 ( found in 0.38─0.56 value interval and covering 8.04% pixel area) in 2010 NDVI maps.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It was recommended that there was a necessity to integrate applications of remote sensing and GIS techniques for the assessment and monitoring of the natural land cover variability to detect fragmentation and loss of wildlife species.
EMOTION DETECTION ON KENYAN TWEETS USING EMOTION ONTOLOGY
Authors: KURGAT CLEOPHUS KIPROP , NDERU DR. LAWRENCE
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was emotion detection on Kenyan tweets as a powerful tool in detecting and recognizing the various feelings among netizens and provide critical analytics that can be used in various platforms for decision making.Methodology: This research study adopted a descriptive research design approach. The researcher preferred this method because it allowed an in-depth study of the subject. The target population will be twitter account holders with twitter followers ranging between 100,000 up to 2000, 000 in Kenya. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study will employ a census approach to collect data from the respondents hence no sampling techniques will be used. According to Larry (2013) a census is a count of all the elements in a population. The sample size will be the 150 respondents .Quantitative data was analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The qualitative data generated was analyzed by use of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.Results: The response rate of the study was 64%.The findings of the study indicated that hashtags, emojis, GIF’s and adjectives have a positive relationship with emotion detection in Kenya.Conclusion: R square value of 0.715 means that 71.5% of the corresponding categorization in emotion ontology can be explained or predicted by (hashtags, emojis, GIF’s and adjectives) which indicated that the model fitted the study data. The results of regression analysis revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between dependent variable and independent variable at (β = 0.715), p=0.000 <0.05).Policy recommendation: Finally, the study recommended that twitter account holders should embrace various emotion detecting platforms so as to improve how they articulate issues and further researches should to be carried out in other social media platforms to find out if the same results can be obtained.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE USE OF E-LEARNING IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN KENYA
Authors: Njuguna George , Nzuve Snm
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the factors influencing the use of e-learning in Public Universities in Kenya.Methodology: A descriptive survey design was used in finding out the factors influencing the use of e-learning in Public universities in Kenya. The Population of this study will be the 19,205 employees (Academic and non-Academic staff) in all public universities. The sample size was 96 employees. A questionnaire was the preferred data collection instrument for this study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used.Results: Results revealed perceived usefulness was important in explaining the use of e-learning. This is supported by a p value 0.000 which means that perceived usefulness is a statistically significant predictor of the use of e-learning. Results further revealed that such perceived ease of use is important in determining use of e-learning as demonstrated by a p value of 0.000. Analysis showed that supporting infrastructure is a key determinant in use of e-learning in Kenyan universities and this was supported by a correlation coefficient of 0.398Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The universities should ensure that e-learning saves time compared to face to face learning. They should also be in such a position that ensures that e-Learning saves money compared to face to face learning for the students.
STRESS, LAMA TIDUR, LAMA PENGGUNAAN HP DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN DISMENORHOE
Authors: Khamidah Achyar  , Isnaeni Rofiqoch
Published: September 2020

According to WHO (2010) there are 75% of adolescents who experience menstrual disorders. Based on the results of the study, the prevalence of dysmenorrhoea is 30-60%. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between learning stress, sleep duration, and duration of cell phone use with dysmenorrhea. The analytic research method with cross-sectional design was conducted on 55 students in the Campus of Midwifery Study Program at the Faculty of Health, Muhammadiyah University, Purwokerto in November 2019-January 2020. Data analysis using chi-square. The results of the study, respondents who experienced dysmenorrhea 32 of 55 people (58.18%). There was a significant relationship between learning stress (p = 0.01), sleep duration (p = 0.005) and length of time using Hp (p = 0,000) with dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: Stress of learning, sleep duration and length of cell phone use are associated with dysmenorrhoea
PEMBERDAYAAN KELUARGA DENGAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN PASIEN RAWAT INAP DI RSUD DR MOEWARDI
Authors: Nuriyah Yuliana  , Triana Mirasari
Published: September 2020

Background: Family support, both directly and indirectly can reduce anxiety in someone who is treated in hospital. Emotional family support feels comfortable because they are cared for, loved, valued, become confident, and are able to see and grow hopes for the future so they are able to ward off and reduce anxiety. Objective: To find out the empowerment of families with the anxiety level of inpatients at RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Method: This study uses analytical research methods with cross sectional approach. Sampling using a purposive sampling technique, with a number of research samples of 57 respondents who met the criteria for population in this study, while the research instrument used a questionnaire. Bivariate analysis uses Kendall's Tau correlation analysis. Results: Bivariate test results with Kendall's Tau obtained z_count value of 3.83 with a significance number ρ_value = 0,000, from the results known z_count (3.83)> Z_table (1.96) and significance value α <005 so that Ho was rejected and Ha accepted, then there is a significant relationship between family empowerment with anxiety levels in hospitalized patients at RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Conclusion: There is a relationship between family empowerment and the level of anxiety in hospitalized patients at RSUD Dr. Moewardi.
HUBUNGAN PERAN BIDAN PADA PELAKSANAAN INISIASI MENYUSUI DINI (IMD) DALAM PERSALINAN DENGAN PROGRAM IMD PADA IBU BERSALIN DI RUMAH SAKIT WILAYAH KOTA PEKALONGAN
Authors: Diah Atmarina Yuliani
Published: September 2020

Early initiation of breastfeeding (IMD) and so for the baby. Babies breastfed for 1 hour or more on the mother's chest immediately after birth. Implementation of the IMD on maternal need midwives’s role to IMD programs can work as expected. This study aims to determine the relationship of the midwife's role in the implementation of Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (IMD) in the Maternity with Implementatiton Early Initiation of Breastfeeding Program to Maternal in Regional Hospital Pekalongan City. Study used descriptive correlative with cross sectional approach. Samples were midwives in Regional Hospital Pekalongan City as many as 53 peoples. Sampling technique used total sampling. Collecting data used a questionnaire. Results of univariate analysis showed that midwife’s role in the implementation Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (IMD) that 31 (58.3%) was enough and Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (IMD) Program on maternal that 37 (69.8%) was not implemented. Spearman rank correlation test results showed that there was relationship of the midwife’s role to implementation Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (IMD) in the maternity with implementation Early Initiation of Breastfeeding Program to maternal in regional hospital Pekalongan City with ρ value 0.006 <0.05. Correlation spearman rank was 0,374 which means the relationship exactly. For midwives who have sufficient role should increase skill early breastfeeding initiation in the implementation of the IMD and midwife training should undertake delivery care in accordance with the operational standards specified as APN.
Influence of environmental enrichment on the behavior of captive Ateles paniscus (Primates: Atelidae) in the Parque Zoobotânico Getúlio Vargas, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Lauton Denise Costa Rebouças , Protázio Airan Dos Santos , Lima Jacileide Santos Silva , Oliveira Téo Veiga de
Published: September 2020

Técnicas de enriquecimento ambiental tornam o ambiente cativo mais interessante e agradável para os animais, aumentando o bem-estar e prevenindo o desenvolvimento de comportamentos anormais. Nesta pesquisa, avaliamos a influência de diferentes técnicas de enriquecimento no comportamento de dois indivíduos de Ateles paniscus mantidos cativos no Parque Zoobotânico Getúlio Vargas, Salvador, Brasil. O estudo foi dividido em cinco fases: controle; enriquecimento sensorial; enriquecimento social; enriquecimento alimentar e pós-enriquecimento. O método animal-focal com registro instantâneo foi utilizado para registrar os atos comportamentais exibidos nas diferentes fases de enriquecimento e estes foram comparados, quanto à sua frequência, com os exibidos na fase controle. Também foi comparada a frequência de uso dos artefatos introduzidos no recinto durante as fases sensorial e alimentar. De modo geral, não houve diferenças entre os atos comportamentais exibidos nas diferentes fases de enriquecimento, exceto durante a fase de enriquecimento alimentar do macho. Também não houve diferenças quanto ao uso dos artefatos. Contudo, os resultados evidenciam a influência de um ambiente enriquecido sobre a frequência de ocorrência dos comportamentos dos indivíduos. É possível que as condições do recinto e a presença dos visitantes exerçam influências negativas no comportamento dos indivíduos, de modo a não favorecer a redução efetiva dos comportamentos anormais observado.
Reshaping U.S. Smart Power: Towards a Post-Pandemic Security Architecture
Authors: Ivanov Iskren
Published: September 2020

COVID19 turned out to be one of the deadliest diseases in history. The United States faced a series of new challenges after the Coronavirus spread throughout the world. China is taking advantage of the pandemic to challenge the U.S. global dominance. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the role of the United States in the postpandemic security architecture at a global level. The basic claim of the article is that Washington should reshape U.S. smart power in order to preserve the American global dominance. The article’s claim rests on the assumption that smart power is the most effective instrument of U.S. Foreign Policy in the post-Cold War era. It was U.S. smart power that allowed Washington to maintain its global leadership after the 9/11 attacks. The Coronacrisis will have longterm consequences for the global security architecture. However, this article argues that the Coronavirus pandemic will not change the global order.
Words of Power: Ḥurūfī Teachings between Shiʿism and Sufism in Medieval Islam
Authors: Orkhan Mir-Kasimov
Published: September 2020

The Jawidan-nama-yi kabir ('Great Book of Eternity') was the magnum opus of Fadl Allah Astarabadi (d. 796/1394) and provided the basis of the Hurufi movement. Today it is one of the most important known texts belonging to the mystical and messianic current that became particularly active in Iran and Anatolia following the Mongol rule. It illuminates the contemporary reconfiguration of religious and political authority along messianic and charismatic lines that took place in the Islamic East, which arguably contributed to the rise and consolidation of the Ottoman, Safawid and Mughal dynasties. Words of Power is the first comprehensive study of Fadl Allah's seminal work. Orkhan Mir-Kasimov summarises Fadl Allah's biography, charts the history of the Hurufi movement, contextualises the Jawidan-nama within Islamic intellectual history, and considers its lasting impact in the Muslim world.
The Constitution of India
Authors: Thiruvengadam Arun K
Published: September 2020

This book provides an overview of the content and functioning of the Indian Constitution, with an emphasis on the broader socio-political context. It focuses on the overarching principles and the main institutions of constitutional governance that the world’s longest written constitution inaugurated in 1950. The nine chapters of the book deal with specific aspects of the Indian constitutional tradition as it has evolved across seven decades of India’s existence as an independent nation. Beginning with the pre-history of the Constitution and its making, the book moves onto an examination of the structural features and actual operation of the Constitution’s principal governance institutions. These include the executive and the parliament, the institutions of federalism and local government, and the judiciary. An unusual feature of Indian constitutionalism that is highlighted here is the role played by technocratic institutions such as the Election Commission, the Comptroller and Auditor General, and a set of new regulatory institutions, most of which were created during the 1990s. A considerable portion of the book evaluates issues relating to constitutional rights, directive principles and the constitutional regulation of multiple forms of identity in India. The important issue of constitutional change in India is approached from an atypical perspective.

The book employs a narrative form to describe the twists, turns and challenges confronted across nearly seven decades of the working of the constitutional order. It departs from conventional Indian constitutional scholarship in placing less emphasis on constitutional doctrine (as evolved in judicial decisions delivered by the High Courts and the Supreme Court). Instead, the book turns the spotlight on the political bargains and extra-legal developments that have influenced constitutional evolution.

Written in accessible prose that avoids undue legal jargon, the book aims at a general audience that is interested in understanding the complex yet fascinating challenges posed by constitutionalism in India. Its unconventional approach to some classic issues will stimulate the more seasoned student of constitutional law and politics.
Long-range transport patterns into the tropical northwest Pacific during the CAMP2Ex aircraft campaign: chemical composition, size distributions, and the impact of convection
Authors: Hilario Miguel Ricardo A. , Crosbie Ewan , Shook Michael , Reid Jeffrey S. , Cambaliza Maria Obiminda L. , Simpas James Bernard B. , Ziemba Luke , DiGangi Joshua P. , Diskin Glenn S. , Nguyen Phu , Turk Joseph , Winstead Edward , Robinson Claire E. , Wang Jian , Zhang Jiaoshi , Wang Yang , Yoon Subin , Flynn James , Alvarez Sergio L. , Behrangi Ali , Sorooshian Armin
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The tropical Western North Pacific (TWNP) is a receptor for pollution sources throughout Asia and is highly susceptible to climate change, making it imperative to understand long-range transport in this complex aerosol-meteorological environment. Measurements from the NASA Cloud, Aerosol, and Monsoon Processes Philippines Experiment (CAMP2Ex; 24 Aug to 5 Oct 2019) and back trajectories from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model (HYSPLIT) were used to examine transport into the TWNP from the Maritime Continent (MC), Peninsular Southeast Asia (PSEA), East Asia (EA), and West Pacific (WP). A mid-campaign monsoon shift on 20 Sep 2019 led to distinct transport patterns between the southwest monsoon (before 20 Sep) and monsoon transition (after 20 Sep). During the southwest monsoon, long-range transport was a function of southwesterly winds and cyclones over the South China Sea. Low (high) altitude air generally came from MC (PSEA), implying distinct aerosol processing related to convection and perhaps wind shear. The monsoon transition saw transport from EA and WP, driven by Pacific northeasterly winds, continental anticyclones, and cyclones over the East China Sea. Composition of transported air differed by emission source and accumulated precipitation along trajectories (APT) as an indicator of convection. MC air was characterized by biomass burning tracers while major components of EA air pointed to Asian outflow and secondary formation. Convective scavenging of PSEA air was evidenced by considerable vertical differences between aerosol species but not trace gases, as well as notably higher APT and smaller particles than other regions. Finally, we observed a possible wet scavenging mechanism acting on MC air aloft that was not strictly linked to precipitation. These results are important for understanding the transport and processing of air masses with further implications for modeling aerosol lifecycles and guiding international policymaking on public health and climate.
Determination of black carbon mass concentration from aerosol light absorption using variable mass absorption cross-section
Authors: Zhao Weilun , Tan Wangshu , Zhao Gang , Shen Chuanyang , Yu Yingli , Zhao Chunsheng
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Atmospheric black carbon (BC) is the strongest visible solar radiative absorber in the atmosphere, exerting significant influences on the earth’s radiation budget. The mass absorption cross-section (MAC) is a crucial parameter for converting light absorption coefficient (bab) to mass equivalent BC concentration (mBC). Traditional filter-based instrument, such as AE33, uses a constant MAC of 7.77 m2/g to derive mBC, which may lead to uncertainty in mBC. In this paper, a new method of converting light absorption coefficient to BC mass concentration is proposed by incorporating the variations of MAC attributed to the influences of aerosol coating state. Mie simulation showed that MAC varied dramatically with different core-shell structures. We compared our new method with traditional method during a field measurement at a site of North China Plain. The results showed that the MAC was smaller (larger) than 7.77 m2/g for particle smaller (larger) than 280 nm, resulting in BC mass size distribution derived from new method was higher (lower) than traditional method for particle smaller (larger) than 280 nm. Size-integrated BC mass concentration derived from new method was 16 % higher than traditional method. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the uncertainty in mBC caused by refractive index (RI) was with in 35 % and the imaginary part of RI had dominant influence on the derived mBC. This study emphasizes the necessity to take variations of MAC into account when deriving mBC from bab and can help constrain the uncertainty in mBC measurements.
Does a proxy measure up? A framework to assess and convey proxy reliability
Authors: Boudinot F. Garrett , Wilson Joseph
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Earth scientists describe a wide range of observational
measurements as “proxy measurements”. By referring to such a vast body of
measurements simply as “proxy”, researchers dilute significant differences in
the various ways that measurements relate to the phenomena they intend to
describe. The limited language around these measurements makes it difficult
for the nonspecialist to assess the reliability and uncertainty of data
generated from proxy measurements. Producers and reviewers of proxy data
need a common framework for conveying proxy measurement methodology,
uncertainty, and applicability for a given study. We develop a functional distinction between different forms of measurement
based on the different ways that their outputs (values, interpretations)
relate to the phenomena they intend to describe (e.g., temperature).
Paleotemperature measurements, which are used to estimate temperatures of
systems in Earth's past, serve as a case study to examine and apply this new
functional proxy definition. We explore the historical development and
application of two widely used paleotemperature proxies, calcite δ18O and TEX86, to illustrate how different measurements relate to
the phenomena they intend to describe. Both proxies are vulnerable to causal
factors that interfere with their relationship with temperature but address
those “confounding causal factors” in different ways. While the goal of
proxy development is to fully identify, quantify, and calibrate to all
confounding causal factors, the reality of proxy applications, especially
for past systems, engenders unavoidable and potentially significant
uncertainties. We propose a framework that allows researchers to be explicit
about the limitations of their proxies and identify steps for further
development. This paper underscores the ongoing effort and continued need
for critical examination of proxies throughout their development and
application, particularly in Earth's history, for reliable proxy
interpretation.
An extended time-series (2000–2018) of global NPP-VIIRS-like
nighttime light data from a cross-sensor calibration
Authors: Chen Zuoqi , Yu Bailang , Yang Chengshu , Zhou Yuyu , Qian Xingjian , Wang Congxiao , Wu Bin , Wu Jianping
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The nighttime light (NTL) satellite data have been widely used to investigate urbanization process. The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) stable nighttime light data and Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership-Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP-VIIRS) nighttime light data are two widely used NTL datasets. However, the difference of their spatial resolutions and sensor design makes it difficult to directly use these two datasets together for a long-term analysis of urbanization. To solve this issue, an extended time-series (2000–2018) of NPP-VIIRS-like NTL data were proposed in this study through a cross-sensor calibration from DMSP-OLS NTL data (2000–2012) and a composition of monthly NPP-VIIRS NTL data (2013–2018). Compared with the annual composited NPP-VIIRS NTL data in 2012, our product of extended NPP-VIIRS-like NTL data shows a good consistency at the pixel and city levels with R2 of 0.87 and 0.95, respectively. We also found that our product has a good accuracy by comparing with DMSP-OLS radiance calibrated NTL (RNTL) data in 2000, 2004, 2006, and 2010. Generally, our extended NPP-VIIRS-like NTL data (2000–2018) have a good spatial pattern and temporal consistency, which are similar to the composited NPP-VIIRS NTL data. In addition, the resulting product could be easily updated and provide a useful proxy to monitor the dynamics of demographic and socio-economic activities for a longer time period compared to existing products. The extended time-series (2000–2018) of nighttime light data are freely accessible at https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/YGIVCD (Chen et al., 2020).
Rapid and accurate polarimetric radar measurements of ice crystal
fabric orientation at the Western Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide
deep ice core site
Authors: Young Tun Jan , Martín Carlos , Christoffersen Poul , Schroeder Dustin M. , Tulaczyk Slawek M. , Dawson Eliza J.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The Crystal Orientation Fabric (COF) of ice sheets records the past history of ice sheet deformation and influences present-day ice flow dynamics. Though not widely implemented, coherent ice-penetrating radar is able to detect anisotropic COF patterns by exploiting the birefringence of ice crystals at radar frequencies. Most previous radar studies quantify COF at a coarse azimuthal resolution limited by the number of observations made with a pair of antennas along an acquisition plane that rotates around an azimuth centre. In this study, we instead conduct a suite of quad-polarimetric measurements consisting of four orthogonal antenna orientation combinations at the Western Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide Deep Ice Core site. From these measurements, we are able to quantify COF at this site to a depth of 1500 m at azimuthal and depth resolutions of up to 1° and 15 m. Our estimates of fabric asymmetry closely match corresponding fabric estimates directly measured from the WAIS Divide Deep Ice Core. While ice core studies are often unable to determine the absolute fabric orientation due to core rotation during extraction, we are able to unambiguously identify and conclude that the fabric orientation is depth-invariant to at least 1500 m, equivalent to 7400 years BP (years before 1950), and coincides exactly with the modern surface strain direction at WAIS Divide. Our results support the claim that the deformation regime at WAIS Divide has not changed substantially through the majority of the Holocene. Rapid polarimetric determination of bulk COF compares well with much more laborious sample-based COF measurements from thin ice sections. Because it is the former that ultimately influences ice flow, these polarimetric radar methods provide an opportunity for accurate and widespread mapping of bulk COF and its incorporation into ice flow models.
Non-local multiscale approaches for tumour-oncolytic viruses interactions
Authors: Alsisi Abdulhamed , Eftimie Raluca , Trucu Dumitru
Published: September 2020

Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy is a promising treatment for cancer due to the OVs selective ability to infect and replicate inside cancer cells, thus killing them, without harming healthy cells. In this work, we present a new non-local multiscale moving boundary model for the spatio-temporal cancer-OV interactions. This model explores an important double feedback loop that links the macro-scale dynamics of cancer-virus interactions and the micro-scale dynamics of proteolytic activity taking place at the tumour interface. The cancer cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions are assumed to be nonlocal, while the cell-virus interactions are assumed local. With the help of this model we investigate computationally various cancer treatment scenarios involving oncolytic viruses (i.e., the effect of injecting the OV inside the tumour, or outside it). Moreover, we investigate the effect of different cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction strengths on the success of OV spreading throughout the tumour, and the effect of constant or density-dependent virus diffusion coefficients on viral spread.
The effect of experience quality, perceived value, happiness and tourist satisfaction on behavioral intention
Authors: Haji Sulfi Abdul , Surachman Surachman , Ratnawati Kusuma , MintartiRahayu MintartiRahayu
Published: September 2020

This research aims at examining and determining the effect of experience quality on tourists’ behavioral intention either directly or by perceived value, happiness, and tourist satisfaction. The sample in this research includes 227 tourists visiting Dodola Island using purposive sampling technique. The analytical method to test the hypothesis in this research is SEM-PLS. The results show that Experience Quality, Tourist Satisfaction, and Happiness had positive and significant effects on Tourists’ Behavior Intention. Meanwhile, Perceived value did not have any significant effect on Tourist Behavioral Intention as Perceived Value was not able to act as a mediator on the effect of Experience Quality on Behavioral Intention. On the other hand, Perceived Value variable had a positive and significant effect on Tourist Satisfaction. Therefore, the increase in Tourist Satisfaction sourced from Perceived Value could affect behavioral intention. The results of further research also show that Tourist Satisfaction and Happiness could partially mediate the effect of Experience Quality on Behavioral Intention.
Economic and Social Impacts of Public Schools Management on the City of New Orleans and the State of Louisiana
Authors: Uwakonye Matthew , Osho Gbolahan S. , Dieli Onochie Jude , Adams Michael
Published: September 2020

Poverty, illiteracy, and crimes are key factors that commonly lead to poor performance in public schools in many inner cities. Without an adequate solution to eradicate these issues, a city could propel towards a path to destruction. Over the past decade, the city of New Orleans, which is known for its exotic party atmosphere, has been crippled by its failing school system, as well as increasing crime and poverty rates. New Orleans has eagerly strived to improve its social stature, but there are several issues that affect the performance of the public school system. Several research studies have shown that strong education is the key to both economic growth and crime rate reduction. Within the city of New Orleans, it is often realized that the management of the public school system has a major impact on the student’s success rate. Statistics shown that within the recent years, tests scores have been continuously lower, crime has been higher than expected, and the teacher’s salary has been unsatisfactory. This prompts the question of whether there are significant associations between social economic factors and public school performance in inner city such as New Orleans. Hence, this current research will attempt to examine factors contributing to public school performance in New Orleans.
Exploring Types of Graffiti at Jadara University in Jordan
Authors: Eissa Mousa Abu Eissa Fadi , Rababah Luqman
Published: September 2020

This study aims to explore types of graffiti at Jadara University in Jordan. The study sample consists of (130) graffiti works from Jadara University, Jordan. The sample is randomly selected from the university public places. To achieve the purpose of the study, critical discourse analysis is used. The study revealed that the most common types of graffiti are: personal and emotional, social, national, religious, sport, and academic ones. In light of the results, the study recommends studying graffiti works from a psychological point of view to more understand the hidden messages in graffiti works found. Future research examining the differences in graffiti types and functions between different groups of students (e.g. in public vs. private university) is needed. Studying graffiti works from a psychological point of view to more understand the hidden messages in graffiti works found is also needed.
Polonidade no Brasil: papel dos atores sociais e das instituições na manutenção e/ou extinção do patrimônio cultural
Authors: Freder Schirlei Mari
Published: September 2020

Depois de 150 anos dos grandes fluxos da imigração polonesa ao Brasil, é possível constatar as mais diferentes influências dessa etnia na cultura brasileira imbricadas em diferentes cidades e estados. O objetivo deste estudo é continuar com uma análise acerca da influência dos atores (ou agentes) sociais na manutenção e/ou extinção das diferentes instituições fundadas por poloneses e seus descendentes nas últimas décadas no Brasil. Pode-se concluir que existem diferentes motivações subjetivas que levam determinado ator social a agir a favor ou contra os elementos culturais de seu grupo étnico. Em um primeiro momento histórico, havia muita força da atuação em grupo por meio das instituições, significado que foi se alterando, especialmente após o período de nacionalização no Brasil. Na contemporaneidade, o que se espera é que o ator sinta-se parte de uma rede que representa a polonidade e, mesmo que ele não saiba todos os códigos culturais de sua etnia, nem queira agir de modo tão participativo, pode influenciar e colaborar para a manutenção do patrimônio cultural (material e imaterial) de várias maneiras, que incluem as redes sociais. Portanto, o nível de importância das instituições permanece, tanto para as finalidades de recreação e lazer quanto para as legítimas formas de expressão cultural da etnia polonesa.