bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Narratives of Home on the Fringe of Tehran: The Case of Shahriar County
Authors: Dalil Saeed , Wind Barend , Meshkini Abolfazl , Javan Jafar
Published: July 2021

This paper focuses on the notion of home as a narrative of one’s lived experience that clashes with planners’ understanding of housing and housing policies, using as a case study Shahriar County, located on the western fringe of the metropolitan area of Tehran. Following Heidegger, the feeling of home is a fundamental aspect of human existence. From this perspective, housing policies and spatial planning impact the sense of home in a geographical context. The empirical analysis is based on an overview of institutional changes since the Islamic Revolution in 1979, and interviews with inhabitants of Shahriar. The results indicate that Iran has developed a particular form of neoliberal, speculative model of urban development, in which urban segregation and seclusion and uneven regional development are noteworthy. Consequently, the sense of home is structurally undermined on the metropolitan fringe, generating a feeling of living on the edge of the world.
Rubus dorcheae (Rosaceae), a new species from central Nepal
Authors: ROKAYA MAAN B. , SUBEDI SAJAN
Published: July 2021

Rubus dorcheae M.B. Rokaya & S. Subedi, a new Rubus L. species recorded from the subtropical forest in central Nepal is described and illustrated. Notes to distinguish it from related taxa are provided. It is closely related to R. kumaonensis N.P. Balakr. and R. rugosus Sm. but differs by having more height, both leaf surfaces green, upper surface more hairy than lower surface, leaf blade margins biserrate, sepal deltoid, tomentose on both sides, margin with 7–10 appendages, apex bifurcate or trifurcate, petals spathulate, and calyx, corolla and stamens persistent in fruit. The species is categorized as Not Evaluated based on the IUCN Red List categories and criteria.
A revision of the Rhoptrobothriidae (Cestoda: “Tetraphyllidea”)
Authors: JENSEN KIRSTEN , PEN ISABEL A. M. , CAIRA JANINE N.
Published: July 2021

The Rhoptrobothriidae are one of the more enigmatic families of cestodes of elasmobranchs. Opinions on the taxonomic status of the family’s three original genera (i.e., Myzophyllobothrium, Rhoptrobothrium, and Myzocephalus) have varied over the 115 years since they were erected. Some authors have considered all three valid, others have considered Rhoptrobothrium to be a synonym of Myzopyllobothrium or a genus inquirendum, yet others have considered Myzocephalus to be a synonym of the phyllobothriid genus Thysanocephalum. All three genera were established for specimens collected from eagle rays off Sri Lanka. The erection of Mixophyllobothrium for two specimens from a cowtail stingray off India three decades ago added additional confusion to the situation, with some authors considering it valid and others a synonym of Myzocephalus. These disagreements stem largely from differences in interpretation of the complex morphology of the scolex of members of these genera. Furthermore, with the exception of Rhoptrobothrium comprising four species, each genus is monotypic. All but Rhoptrobothrium has not been considered in detail for nearly a century, largely because of a lack of available material. The taxonomic status of these genera is assessed here based on light and scanning electron microscopy, and molecular data generated from new material collected from eagle rays off Indonesian and Malaysian Borneo, Japan, Sri Lanka, and Viet Nam. Morphological work indicates that the genera differ largely only in the degree of folding of the four remi that extend from the cephalic peduncle. A molecular phylogeny based on sequence data for the D1–D3 region of the 28S rRNA gene, which include new data for eight specimens of four species, indicates that Myzophyllobothrium, Myzocephalus, and Rhoptrobothrium are not mutually monophyletic. The latter two genera and Mixophyllobothrium are considered synonyms of Myzophyllobothrium and five species are transferred to that genus. Myzophyllobothrium okamuri n. comb. is considered a species inquirendum. Myzophyllobothrium nagasawai n. sp. is described from Aetobatus narutobiei off Japan. Myzophyllobothrium narinari n. comb. is re-described based on newly collected cestodes from the type host and locality (i.e., Aetobatus ocellatus off Sri Lanka). Despite consisting of only a single genus, the family status of the group is retained in recognition of the unusual configuration of the scolex, which bears four biloculate bothridia and four remi extending from the cephalic peduncle. The ordinal placement of the family remains uncertain, but affinities with the Phyllobothriidea, rather than “Tetraphyllidea” are considered.
Neopomacentrus flavicauda: a replacement name for Neopomacentrus xanthurus Allen & Randall, 1981 (Perciformes: Pomacentridae), a secondary junior homonym of Dascyllus xanthurus Bleeker, 1853
Authors: FRICKE RONALD , ALLEN GERALD R.
Published: July 2021

N/A
Dynamics of Eddies Generated by Sea Ice Leads
Authors: Cohanim Kaylie , Zhao Ken X. , Stewart Andrew L.
Published: July 2021

Interaction between the atmosphere and ocean in sea ice–covered regions is largely concentrated in leads, which are long, narrow openings between sea ice floes. Refreezing and brine rejection in these leads inject salt that plays a key role in maintaining the polar halocline. The injected salt forms dense plumes that subsequently become baroclinically unstable, producing submesoscale eddies that facilitate horizontal spreading of the salt anomalies. However, it remains unclear which properties of the stratification and leads most strongly influence the vertical and horizontal spreading of lead-input salt anomalies. In this study, the spread of lead-injected buoyancy anomalies by mixed layer and eddy processes are investigated using a suite of idealized numerical simulations. The simulations are complemented by dynamical theories that predict the plume convection depth, horizontal eddy transfer coefficient, and eddy kinetic energy as functions of the ambient stratification and lead properties. It is shown that vertical penetration of buoyancy anomalies is accurately predicted by a mixed layer temperature and salinity budget until the onset of baroclinic instability (~3 days). Subsequently, these buoyancy anomalies are spread horizontally by eddies. The horizontal eddy diffusivity is accurately predicted by a mixing-length scaling, with a velocity scale set by the potential energy released by the sinking salt plume and a length scale set by the deformation radius of the ambient stratification. These findings indicate that the intermittent opening of leads can efficiently populate the polar halocline with submesoscale coherent vortices with diameters of ~10 km, and they provide a step toward parameterizing their effect on the horizontal redistribution of salinity anomalies.
Strategies to Enhance Patient Care and Compliance with Pain Order Duplications and Gaps
Authors: Cruz Shayna , Daya Amberene , Quinn Andrea , Ries Amanda
Published: July 2021

According to the Joint Commission every patient has a right to pain management. Due to multimodal pain management, pain orders have the potential for duplication as well as gaps in therapy. At our institution, we evaluated pain orders and implemented strategies that aimed to reduce those gaps. We found that current ordering practices permitted the use of varying visual analog scale (VAS) ranges (e.g., VAS 1-3 and 1-5) which inherently increased the potential for duplicate therapies. When gaps in therapy occurred, medication orders for corresponding VAS scores were not available and thus, therapy was delayed. Additionally, current administration policies did not take into account patient preferences for less potent agents which can also cause a delay in care. In summary, simple strategies, discussed in this article, may be implemented at the hospital level to optimize patient care while maintaining recommendations by the Joint Commission for clear medication orders.
Accelerating Character Education Learning Through a Networked Approach: Insights From the Kern Partners for Character and Educational Leadership
Authors: Tichnor-Wagner Ariel
Published: July 2021

This article explores the utility of networked improvement communities (NICs) as an organizing structure for scaling character education across educational leadership programs through a case study of one network committed to integrating character education across varied institutions and contexts. In examining the improvement science process that guided NIC members’ development and implementation of character education approaches and their perceptions of and participation in NIC activities, this case study offers insights on the promise of structured collaboration across diverse institutions. Furthermore, it identifies the need for NICs to differentiate improvement science activities based on participants’ institutional readiness for character education.
Missed Opportunities for Human Papillomavirus Vaccination by Parental Nativity, Minnesota, 2015-2018
Authors: Groene Emily A. , Horvath Keith J. , Yared Nicholas , Mohammed Inari , Muscoplat Miriam , Kuramoto Sydney , Richter Tyler , Kulasingam Shalini
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage in the United States is far below coverage for other routine adolescent vaccines. We examined whether missed opportunities for HPV vaccination among adolescents differ by parental nativity (country of origin) in Minnesota.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed birth record and immunization information data for adolescents in Minnesota born during 2004-2007 using data from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2018. Using logistic regression, we assessed the association between parental nativity and missed opportunities for HPV vaccine initiation, or receipt of other vaccines without receipt of the HPV vaccine. We adjusted for parent/child demographic and vaccination characteristics. We defined nativity as the number of non–US-born parents and maternal region of birth.

Results

Adolescents with mothers born in Eastern Europe (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.33; 95% CI, 2.01-2.73) and Africa (aOR = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.28-1.43) had greater adjusted odds of missed opportunities for HPV vaccination than adolescents with US-born mothers. However, adolescents with mothers from Latin America and the Caribbean had lower odds of missed opportunities than adolescents with US-born mothers (aOR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.58-0.65). Adolescents with 1 or 2 non–US-born parents had lower odds of missed opportunities for HPV vaccination than adolescents with 2 US-born parents (1 parent: aOR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.88-0.96; 2 parents: aOR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.87-0.94).

Conclusions

Future studies should evaluate outreach to groups with HPV vaccination disparities and identify other drivers of missed opportunities among adolescents with US-born parents, such as multiparity.
Fine-needle aspiration cytology finding uric acid crystals produced by Aspergillus
Authors: Khairwa Anju
Published: July 2021

Uric acid is a metabolic product of nucleic acid and protein. Hyperuricemia results from failure or lack of urate oxidase. We present a case of a 61-year-old man with a painless forearm swelling, from which uric acid crystals were found on cytology. There were also septate fungal hyphae with morphology of Aspergillus, which has the source of the uric acid. Serum uric acid levels in our patient were normal.
‘Boom Boom in the Zoom Zoom Room’: Online music therapy with children and adolescents with visual impairment
Authors: Ahessy Bill
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic created a major transformation in the delivery of music therapy services worldwide as they moved online. Telehealth research is in its infancy and online work with children and adolescents with visual impairment has yet to be investigated. This survey-based study explored the experiences and perceptions of parents of children and adolescents with visual impairment ( n = 11) who engaged in online music therapy. Video playlists were accessed regularly and almost all parents reported positive (2/11) or very positive (8/11) responses and perceived them as beneficial in engaging with their child. Ninety-five percent (10/11) of parents perceived the teleheath programme to be a positive experience for their child, 73% (8/11) observed positive behaviours directly after the sessions, and 82% (9/11) indicated that the programme was a valuable family resource that supported bonding and interaction. Inductive reflexive thematic analysis generated four themes from the qualitative data: (a) positive impacts, (b) interactive family resource, (c) connection to school, and (d) challenges. A discussion of the findings is followed by implications for practice.
Management algorithms and artificial intelligence systems for cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Condello Ignazio , Santarpino Giuseppe , Nasso Giuseppe , Moscarelli Marco , Fiore Flavio , Speziale Giuseppe
Published: July 2021

This article introduces management algorithms to support operators in choosing the best strategy for metabolic management during cardiopulmonary bypass using artificial intelligence systems. We developed algorithms for the identification of the optimal way for assessing metabolic parameters. Different management algorithms for extracorporeal procedures interfaced with metabolic monitoring systems already exist on the market and are applied in clinical practice. These algorithms could provide guidance for selecting the best metabolic strategy with the aim at reducing human error and optimizing management.
Relationship between air pollution levels in Madrid and the natural history of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: severity and mortality
Authors: Aguilar Pablo Mariscal , Carrera Luis Gómez , Segura Carlos Carpio , Sánchez María Isabel Torres , Peña María Fernández-Velilla , Hernán Gema Bonilla , Rodríguez Isabel Esteban , Zapata Rita María Regojo , Lucas Ester Zamarrón De , Álvarez Prudencio Díaz-Agero , Bueno Elena Villamañán , Sánchez Concepción Prados , Walther Rodolfo Álvarez-Sala
Published: July 2021

Objective

We aimed to assess the relationship between major air pollutants and the natural history and mortality of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study from 2013 to 2019 among 52 patients with IPF from the pneumology department of a tertiary hospital. According to their geocoded residential address, each patient was assigned a mean concentration of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter 2.5 and 10, ozone, and sulfur dioxide, as measured at a single surveillance station in central Madrid, Spain. We analyzed forced vital capacity (FVC), CO diffusing capacity, 6-minute walking test, degree of dyspnea, radiologic pattern, and signs of pulmonary hypertension in all patients.

Results

Patients’ mean age was 66 ± 10 years, and 79% were men. The mean predicted FVC was 78.9 ± 0.5%. Forty-two patients met the criteria for severe disease, and 18 patients died. Mortality was significantly associated with increased CO exposure (for each 0.1 mg/m2 increase: odds ratio 2.45, 95% confidence interval 1.39–4.56). We observed no association between any of the other investigated contaminants and IPF mortality or severity.

Conclusions

Air pollution, specifically that caused by carbon monoxide, can increase mortality in patients with IPF.
Determining Orthodontic Knowledge and Awareness in Young Adults
Authors: Mishra Jyoti , Kapoor Sudhir , Bhagchandani Jitendra , Agarwal Sonahita , Vashishta Vaibhav , Singh Amit Kumar
Published: July 2021

Aim and Objective:

To assess the level of awareness among local adult population (orthodontically untreated) regarding orthodontic treatment and procedures.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was planned by accessing 100 subjects comprising of 2 groups (50 male and 50 female). After due ethical clearance, a self-structured questionnaire consisting of 17 questions was given to a group of randomly selected 100 individuals with an age range of 20 to 30 years.

Results:

The overall awareness of orthodontics as a speciality among both the groups was only 52% to 56%. Statistically insignificant difference was found in the knowledge and awareness of orthodontic treatment among both male and female subjects, that is, Group I and II. Also, those who knew about the orthodontic treatment did not opt for it because of high cost and longer duration involved.

Conclusion:

More than half of the population is unaware of the scope of orthodontic treatment, and thus, they do not seek any assistance. Hence, more efforts are needed to create awareness about orthodontics and the associated benefits.
Orthodontic Postgraduate Students’ Perception on Didactics and Clinical Training During the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Arunachalam Sivakumar , GVD Harsha , Sharan Jitendra , Ghandikota Alekhya , Ram RSVM Raghu , Praveen Gadde
Published: July 2021

Objective:

With the global crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic, orthodontic postgraduate students’ education and clinical training might be affected. The objective of this study was to explore their perception on didactics and clinical training.

Materials and Methods:

A pretested and validated 26-item online survey that addressed COVID-19’s impact on didactic components and clinical management was sent to postgraduate students in the Indian subcontinent. The survey was available for 3 days, and the responses were collected and analyzed.

Results:

Overall, 165 out of 244 (67.62%) orthodontic postgraduate students completed the survey. Of them, 88.48% noted that orthodontic education and patient management are at stake because of the ensuing crisis. The majority (66.28%) acknowledged that Internet-based education will become the significant part of postgraduate coursework. With regard to patient care, 80% felt that 2-way communication channels and a guarded approach with strict infection control protocols may be the way forward during the crisis. Many preferred attending patients with space closure stage at the follow-up (51.23%) and to postpone new case start-ups until normalcy returns. About 55% of the respondents felt that clear aligners could transform into a popular orthodontic practice regimen if the crisis continues.

Conclusions:

Orthodontic postgraduate students were concerned that the crisis would go on and affect their education. They perceived transition of face-to-face didactic learning and summative assessments to online settings as a viable approach during the COVID-19 crisis. They felt that orthodontic clinical training would benefit from teleorthodontic approaches and prioritization of care and its alignment with crowd control.
Augmented visual-feedback of airflow: Immediate effects on voice-source characteristics of students of singing
Authors: Lã Filipa Martins Batista , Sundberg Johan , Granqvist Svante
Published: July 2021

Glottal adduction is a crucial aspect in voice education and vocal performance: it has major effects on phonatory airflow and, consequently, on voice timbre. As the voice is a non-visible musical instrument, controlling it could be facilitated by providing real-time visual feedback of phonatory airflow. Here, we test the usefulness of a flow ball (FB) training device, visualizing, in terms of the height of a polystyrene ball placed in a plastic basket, phonatory airflow during phonation. Audio and electroglottographic recordings of five postgraduate, classically trained singer students were made under three subsequent conditions: before, during, and after phonating into the FB. The calibrated audio signal was inverse-filtered, using an electroglottograph signal to guide the manual tuning of the inverse filters. Mean phonatory airflow, peak-to-peak pulse amplitude, and normalized amplitude quotient were extracted from the resulting flow glottograms. After the FB condition, increases of mean flow and peak-to-peak pulse amplitude were observed in four singers. In addition, the singers’ mean normalized amplitude quotient increased significantly. The findings, although exploratory, suggest that reduction of glottal adduction can be observed immediately after FB phonation.
The Characterization of Some Ancient Egyptian Funerary Linens from the Twenty-First Dynasty Discovered in the Bab El-Gasus Excavation
Authors: Al-Gaoudi Hanaa A. , Aly Nermin M.
Published: July 2021

The ancient Egyptians had a distinct and flourishing textile industry with diverse characteristics. The developments in archaeological textile studies over the last few decades have assisted in identifying the techniques used in the manufacture of fabrics and demonstrated the complexity of this ancient industry. The ancient Egyptians are well-known for the production of linen fabrics of varying structures and purposes for everyday use by different social classes. The Bab El-Gasus tomb at Deir El-Bahari, the tomb of the priests and priestesses of Amun, is one of the most important excavations for this subject as within the tomb several types of funerary linen textiles from the Twenty-First Dynasty (1070–945 BC) were discovered. This paper aims to characterize some of these linen pieces that were preserved and displayed at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. The pieces are of high-quality linen, were decorated, and retain their original colours. Investigations were carried out to study their main textile characteristics such as thread diameter, twist direction, thread count and weave type, in addition to characterizing the diagnostic features of the textiles such as fringes, selvedges, self-bands, hues, decoration and their state of deterioration. A Dino-Lite portable digital microscope was used to examine the linen textiles. There were various significant findings and the study revealed some of the distinctive characteristics and versatility of ancient Egyptian textiles, offering new insights for the textile production techniques used at that time.
Statistical Distance-Based Travel-Time Reliability Measurement for Freeway Bottleneck Identification and Ranking
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Liu Xiaoyue Cathy
Published: July 2021

Freeway bottleneck identification is an essential component in the process of deploying mitigation strategies to reduce congestion at freeway bottlenecks. Most previous studies on bottleneck identification focus on recurrent bottlenecks, and limited work has been conducted to identify the locations of non-recurrent bottlenecks. Therefore, in this study, we propose a new travel time reliability (TTR) measurement and develop a freeway bottleneck identification method based on this measurement, which can identify with high probability not only recurrent bottlenecks but also the locations of non-recurrent bottlenecks. The TTR measurement is developed based on statistical distance between travel time distributions. Three statistical distance measurements, Jensen–Shannon divergence, Wasserstein distance, and Hellinger distance, are applied in the TTR measurement. The bottleneck identification method is evaluated in a case study on I-15 freeway corridor in Salt Lake City, Utah. The three statistical distance measurements show good consistency in ranking locations by the impacts of recurrent and non-recurrent congestion, especially for extreme cases with very high or low variation between travel time distributions. The recurrent bottlenecks identified in this study show their clustering characteristics, which is similar to the generating and dismissing process of recurrent congestion. The locations with high probability of non-recurrent bottlenecks scatter both spatially and temporally, which agrees with the random characteristic of non-recurrent congestion.
Composition and Oxidation Dependence of Glass Transition in Epoxy Asphalt
Authors: Apostolidis Panos , Liu Xueyan , Erkens Sandra , Scarpas Tom
Published: July 2021

Miscibility, and lack of it, is decisive for durable polymer-modified asphalt binders and reflects the long-term performance of asphalt materials in terms of fatigue and thermal cracking. In this work, the glass transition behavior of epoxy asphalt will be assessed extensively after different oxidative aging time periods using differential scanning calorimetry. The composition dependence of glass transition in epoxy asphalt binders over oxidative aging is evaluated by emphasizing the deviation of glass transition temperature ( Tg) with the change in sign and magnitude. An entropy-based analysis of glass transitions in epoxy asphalt is discussed as well. The blends formulated by epoxy and asphalt binder have shown an increase of the Tg deviation from the ideal mixing rule over oxidative aging. Two different shapes of the composition dependence of the Tg values are observed between the blends with and without fillers but showing both distinct positive deviations from the case of mixing ideal materials. The Tg and heat capacity ( Cp) parameters determined in relation to the epoxy asphalt composition provide insights into the effect of limestone fillers on the oxidation-induced embrittlement of epoxy asphalt materials. The results could help select the epoxy proportion in asphalt to develop super-durable and long-lasting pavement materials.
Early Weightbearing Versus Nonweightbearing After Operative Treatment of an Ankle Fracture: A Multicenter, Noninferiority, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Park Jae Yong , Kim Bom Soo , Kim Yu Mi , Cho Jae Ho , Choi Young Rak , Kim Hyong Nyun
Published: July 2021

Background:

Acute ankle fractures can occur during sports activities, and unstable ankle fractures are commonly treated operatively. However, controversy exists about the optimal time to allow weightbearing.

Hypothesis:

Early weightbearing after the stable fixation of an ankle fracture is not inferior to nonweightbearing in terms of ankle function assessed at 12 months after injury.

Study design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

A total of 258 patients were assessed for eligibility. Of these patients, 194 were randomly allocated to either the early weightbearing group (95 patients who were allowed weightbearing at 2 weeks postoperatively) or the nonweightbearing group (99 patients who were not allowed weightbearing until 6 weeks postoperatively). The primary outcome measure was the mean difference in the Olerud-Molander ankle score (OMAS) between the groups, assessed at the 12-month follow-up examination. The secondary outcome measures were the time to return to preinjury activities and patients’ subjective satisfaction. Complications such as hardware loosening or failure, fracture displacement, and nonunion were evaluated.

Results:

The mean difference in the OMAS for the early weightbearing group compared with the nonweightbearing group was 1.6 (95% CI, –1.9 to 5.0) in the intention-to-treat analysis. The lower limit of the 95% CI (–1.9) exceeded the noninferiority margin of –8, indicating that early weightbearing was not inferior to nonweightbearing. The difference in the proportion of patients who were satisfied or very satisfied with their treatment was not statistically significant (84.3% vs 76.2%; P = .19); however, the time taken to return to preinjury activities was shorter with early weightbearing than with nonweightbearing (9.1 ± 3.0 vs 11.0 ± 3.0 weeks; P < .001). No cases of nonunion were observed in either group.

Conclusion:

Early weightbearing after the operative treatment of an unstable ankle fracture was not inferior to nonweightbearing in terms of OMAS assessed at 12 months after injury. The patients’ subjective satisfaction was similar between the groups, although the time taken to return to preinjury activities was shorter in the early weightbearing group.

Registration:

NCT02029170 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Trouble in Direct Payment Personal Assistance Relationships
Authors: Porter Tom , Shakespeare Tom , Stockl Andrea
Published: July 2021

Personal assistance (PA) is a model of support where disabled people take control of recruiting, training and managing their support staff. Direct payment relationships and symbolism borrowed from the corporate world frame PA relationships as instrumentally focused and largely free from emotional entanglements. Yet complicating this picture is research showing that PA often involves moral dilemmas and interpersonal conflict. We report on data from 58 qualitative interviews with disabled people and PAs. Findings reveal PA to be an embedded form of work, which entails convergent interpretive schemes informed by the world of work and also by indeterminate social relations. Applying Emerson and Messinger’s micro-politics of trouble, we outline how trouble comes to be framed in either conflict-resonant or deviant-resonant ways. This focus upon the moral dimensions of trouble sheds light on the relational dynamics of this prevailing model of care and embedded work more broadly.
Trajectory planning for vehicle collision avoidance imitating driver behavior
Authors: Yang Bin , Song Xuewei , Gao Zhenhai , Zhu Naixuan
Published: July 2021

To ensure that autonomous vehicles satisfy the requirements of the traffic environment, vehicle driving ability, and desired driver experience during obstacle avoidance, this paper proposes a trajectory planner that considers three aspects: driving passability, regional safety, and driving acceptance. Multiresolution state lattices and Bézier curve fitters are applied to a state lattice framework to generate candidate obstacle avoidance trajectory clusters. Trajectory evaluation is then carried out in the above three aspects by using trajectory passability, safety and driver behavior proximity, and a trajectory evaluation function is designed to evaluate and screen trajectory clusters. The trajectory passability is checked by the vehicle motion capability set, which is established based on the vehicle dynamics model. The trajectory safety is evaluated by the potential field function between the fitted trajectory and the vehicle driving environment boundary with consideration of the inevitable collision state. The parameters of the vehicle motion state for the fitted trajectory are matched with the driving data of real drivers with different driving styles to evaluate the proximity between the trajectory and driver behavior. The rationality and effectiveness of different driving styles of trajectory planners are verified by vehicle tests under different vehicle velocities and different obstacle disturbances.
Long Non-Coding RNA TP53TG1 Upregulates SHCBP1 to Promote Retinoblastoma Progression by Sponging miR-33b
Authors: Wang Hongyi , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Yue , Liu Shihai , Li Li
Published: July 2021

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) TP53 target 1 (TP53TG1) is known to be strongly associated with tumor and cancer progression. However, its expression profile, unique role, and regulatory pathways in retinoblastoma (RB) are not known. Here, we revealed a large expression of TP53TG1 in RB tissues and cell lines. Conversely, we showed marked suppression of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in TP53TG1 knocked down RB cells. Mechanistically, we established that TP53TG1 directly interacted with microRNA (miR)-33b in RB cells. Furthermore, TP53TG1 transcripts were found to be inversely correlated with miR-33b in RB tissues. We also showed that miR-33b suppression partly reversed the TP53TG1 knockdown mediated effects on tumor biology. Finally, TP53TG1 was shown to modulate the levels of SHC Binding and Spindle Associated 1 (SHCBP1), a direct target of miR-33b in RB cells. Based on the above data, we propose that TP53TG1 regulates RB progression via its modulation of the miR-33b/SHCBP1 pathway.
Improving Indigenous family engagement with the coronial system in New South Wales
Authors: McCabe Lindsay , George Allen
Published: July 2021

This article explores the barriers experienced by Indigenous Australians that prevent adequate engagement with the coronial system in New South Wales. The findings presented here are the result of a qualitative study involving key legal professionals and advocates in the coronial jurisdiction. A number of significant shortcomings are identified, including inadequate funding, a lack of information and appropriate communication, and significant delays between time of death and conclusion of the inquest.
A clinical update on managed care implications for Australian psychiatric practice
Authors: Looi Jeffrey CL , Kisely Stephen R , Bastiampillai Tarun , Pring William , Allison Stephen
Published: July 2021

Objective:

To provide a clinical update on private health insurance in Australia and outline developments in US-style managed care that are likely to affect psychiatric and other specialist healthcare. We explain aspects of the US health system, which has resulted in a powerful and profitable private health insurance sector, and one of the most expensive and inefficient health systems in the world, with limited patient choice in psychiatric treatment.

Conclusions:

Australian psychiatrists should be aware of changes to private health insurance that emphasise aspects of managed care such as selective contracting, cost-cutting or capitation of services. These approaches may limit access to private hospital care and diminish the autonomy of patients and practitioners in choosing the most appropriate treatment. Australian patients, carers and practitioners need to be informed about the potential impact of private managed care on patient-centred evidence-based treatment.
Ever-Single Heterosexual Couples in Nonmarital Cohabitation: Spirituality, Connectedness, and Adjustment
Authors: Pandya Samta P.
Published: July 2021

This article reports a study on the effectiveness of WhatsApp-based spiritual posts in promoting connectedness and adjustment among ever-single heterosexual couples in nonmarital cohabitation in four global cities. In comparison with trivia posts, the spiritual posts had greater impact and were more effective for Christian couples, middle class, highly qualified, and professionals-salaried cohabitants. This was in comparison with Hindu–Buddhist–Sikh dyads, upper class, with college degree, and entrepreneurs. However, cohabitation duration, initial cohabitation experience with other partners, having children/cohabitation dependents, and near future marriage plans were not significant predictors. Gender also did not significantly moderate spiritual intervention responses as proposed in the previous research. Couple intervention outcomes were mutually interdependent and intervention compliance in terms of number of posts read and do-it-yourself exercises posted were robust predictors of intervention success. With some subgroup-specific refinements, WhatsApp-based spiritual posts would be an effective spiritually sensitive social work intervention for improving relationship quality of nonmarital cohabitants.
Primary Pleural Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Highly Positive PD-L1, Shows Marked Response to Camrelizumab: A Case Report
Authors: Wang Yao , Gao Ying , Chen Hai-Ruo , Liu Hong , Fu Xi , Yan Ran , You Feng-Ming , Li Zhuo-Hong
Published: July 2021

Here, we reported the rare case of primary pleural squamous cell carcinoma (PPSCC) in a 71-year-old male patient. After chemo and targeted therapies, the patient showed continuous tumor progression and clinical deterioration. Fortunately, the patient had a high expression level of PD-L1 (80%) in the tumor tissues. Ultimately, the patient survived for additional 6 months with camrelizumab treatment. In summary, camrelizumab may be a good candidate for the treatment of PPSCC, especially in tumors with high PD-L1 expression.
The (virtual) teaching of physical education in times of pandemic
Authors: González-Calvo Gustavo , Barba-Martín Raúl A. , Bores-García Daniel , Hortigüela-Alcalá David
Published: July 2021

This study analyses the factors that affect the pedagogical practice and the consideration of the subject of physical education (PE) for a group of students in initial training to become teachers, with the intention of (a) discovering what feelings the COVID-19 pandemic arouses in the future teachers when having to teach physical education virtually, (b) investigating the advantages and disadvantages of the virtual teaching of PE during the pandemic, and (c) finding out how the pandemic has changed their perception towards the teaching of PE and their passion for teaching. Twelve future teachers (four women and eight men), who were completing a practicum during their last year at university, participated in the study. A qualitative methodology was employed, in which data were obtained through individual online interviews and online focus groups. The data were analysed using a thematic content analysis and a constant comparison method. The results show, among other aspects, that future teachers understand that the teaching of PE has to be carried out face-to-face in order not to lose its meaning, that there are implicit shortcomings in the virtual teaching model, and that there is a greater probability of suffering from teacher stress and disenchantment with the profession when following an online teaching methodology. The results can be used to foster a critical dialogue regarding the difficulty faced by PE teachers today, at a crucial moment when the political, social and cultural aspects surrounding it are changing.
Rights protection in prisons: Understanding recommendations-making by prison inspection and monitoring bodies in the European Union
Authors: Aizpurua Eva , Rogan Mary
Published: July 2021

Despite the increasing focus on prison inspection and monitoring bodies in international law and policy, little is known about their operations in practice. This study contributes to fill this gap by examining how countries of the European Union (EU) have responded to these demands, paying special attention to one of the central tasks of these bodies: the making of recommendations. To do so, we used data from the first EU-wide survey of prison oversight bodies, with responses from all Member States. Our findings reveal that recommendations-making is a key part of the work of these bodies. They also provide evidences that the approach to dialogue between these bodies and prison authorities advocated in the legislation is taking place on the ground.
Investigation of planing craft maneuverability using full-scale tests
Authors: Sadati Kazem , Zeraatgar Hamid , Moghaddas Aliasghar
Published: July 2021

Maneuverability of planing craft is a complicated hydrodynamic subject that needs more studies to comprehend its characteristics. Planing craft drivers follow a common practice for maneuver of the craft that is fundamentally different from ship’s standards. In situ full-scale tests are normally necessary to understand the maneuverability characteristics of planing craft. In this paper, a study has been conducted to illustrate maneuverability characteristics of planing craft by full-scale tests. Accelerating and turning maneuver tests are conducted on two cases at different forward speeds and rudder angles. In each test, dynamic trim, trajectory, speed, roll of the craft are recorded. The tests are performed in planing mode, semi-planing mode, and transition between planing mode to semi-planing mode to study the effects of the craft forward speed and consequently running attitude on the maneuverability. Analysis of the data reveals that the Steady Turning Diameter (STD) of the planing craft may be as large as 40 L, while it rarely goes beyond 5 L for ships. Results also show that a turning maneuver starting at planing mode might end in semi-planing mode. This transition can remarkably improve the performance characteristics of the planing craft’s maneuverability. Therefore, an alternative practice is proposed instead of the classic turning maneuver. In this practice, the craft traveling in the planing mode is transitioned to the semi-planing mode by forward speed reduction first, and then the turning maneuver is executed.
Ag-coated cotton fabric as ultrasensitive and flexible SERS substrate
Authors: Bian Xueyan , Xu Jiangtao , Pu Yi , Yang Jing , Chiu Ka-lam , Jiang Shouxiang
Published: July 2021

Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has proven to be increasingly valuable as an analytical tool since this phenomenon was first observed in 1973. However, challenges still exist to ensure their ability to access targeted analytes and adequate levels of sensitivity to them on irregular surfaces. Herein, silver (Ag) nanoparticles are deposited onto cotton fabric through magnetron sputtering to develop a flexible and ultrasensitive SERS-active substrate. To obtain a better enhancement effect, Ag nanoparticles of different sizes are produced by controlling the argon flow rate and the sputtering time. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and Raman mapping are used to explain the process behind Raman signal enhancement. The cotton fabric sample with Ag nanoparticles deposited at an argon flow rate of 200  sccm (labelled as AC-200) shows a high enhancement factor (EF) of 104 with a Methylene blue (MB) solution of 10−3 M, stability with a related standard deviation (RSD) of 1.03%, excellent reproducibility with an RSD of 1.92% and high sensitivity with 10−9 M of MB solution. Therefore, AC-200 demonstrates exceptional SERS signal reproducibility and stability for different types of chemical analytes and has the potential to be used in future practical applications.
Characteristics of Speech-Evoked Envelope Following Responses in Infancy
Authors: Easwar Vijayalakshmi , Scollie Susan , Lasarev Michael , Urichuk Matthew , Aiken Steven J , Purcell David W
Published: July 2021

Envelope following responses (EFRs) may be a useful tool for evaluating the audibility of speech sounds in infants. The present study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of speech-evoked EFRs in infants with normal hearing, relative to adults, and identify age-dependent changes in EFR characteristics during infancy. In 42 infants and 21 young adults, EFRs were elicited by the first (F1) and the second and higher formants (F2+) of the vowels /u/, /a/, and /i/, dominant in low and mid frequencies, respectively, and by amplitude-modulated fricatives /s/ and /∫/, dominant in high frequencies. In a subset of 20 infants, the in-ear stimulus level was adjusted to match that of an average adult ear (65 dB sound pressure level [SPL]). We found that (a) adult–infant differences in EFR amplitude, signal-to-noise ratio, and intertrial phase coherence were larger and spread across the frequency range when in-ear stimulus level was adjusted in infants, (b) adult–infant differences in EFR characteristics were the largest for low-frequency stimuli, (c) infants demonstrated adult-like phase coherence when they received a higher (i.e., unadjusted) stimulus level, and (d) EFR phase coherence and signal-to-noise ratio changed with age in the first year of life for a few F2+ vowel stimuli in a level-specific manner. Together, our findings reveal that development-related changes in EFRs during infancy likely vary by stimulus frequency, with low-frequency stimuli demonstrating the largest adult–infant differences. Consistent with previous research, our findings emphasize the significant role of stimulus level calibration methods while investigating developmental trends in EFRs.
“I Didn’t Want to Be Ignorant”: An Exploration of Why Preservice Teachers Sometimes Choose Silence in Critical Conversations About Texts With Elementary Children
Authors: Diaz Amanda R. , Schutz Kristine M. , Woodard Rebecca
Published: July 2021

Discussions about texts can offer valuable opportunities for critical conversations about power and privilege. While we know such conversations are important to have in school, many teachers report feeling unprepared to facilitate them. In an effort to understand the in-the-moment decisions preservice teachers (PSTs) make in response to children’s contributions during critical conversations about texts, this qualitative, design-based study examines how PSTs responded to elementary-age children while facilitating discussions about texts in their field placements. Although various kinds of responses were made (e.g., eliciting children’s thinking, orienting children’s contributions to one another), in this analysis, we examine the moments where PSTs identified their silence as salient. Findings reveal that (1) some PSTs developing understanding of the role of talk and desire to efficiently accomplish the task did not seem to set them up to see critical conversations about texts as a space for sensemaking, and (2) other PSTs did see critical conversations about texts as spaces to engage in sensemaking but felt discomfort grappling with unanticipated issues that arose. We discuss implications for literacy researchers and teacher educators committed to supporting critical conversations with children in schools.
A Systematic Review on KAP of Nebulization Therapy at Home
Authors: Sivadasan Shalini , Krishnan Akshaya , Dhayalan Sathish Venkatasamy , Aiyalu Rajasekaran
Published: July 2021

Background: Inhalation is the preferred method of delivering medication for respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and other respiratory disease. A nebulizer converts a medication in liquid form to mist, so that the medication can be inhaled into the lungs. The aim of the study is to systematically review the knowledge, attitude, and practice of patients using nebulization therapy at home. The objective of the study is to review the procedure of nebulizer technique and to interpret the outcome of the studies. Method: Scopus, PubMed, BMJ, and other database from 2000 to 2020 were searched using Boolean operators. Title and abstract were screened for nebulizer technology and for inclusion and exclusion criteria. After full text screening 16 articles were included in the study. Result: Use of nebulizer at home was a challenge at all stages including setting up and operating nebulizer, filling up of medication, inhalation technique, end point dismantling, and maintenance. The main challenge experienced by the participants was with cleaning and disinfecting of nebulizer. There were studies that reported with 71.6% pathogen contamination due to inappropriate cleaning and disinfecting. Conclusion: Patients with respiratory disease using nebulizers at home find difficulty in appropriate and rational use of the device. Apart from the nebulizer user guidelines from the manufactures, it is suggested that a short audio visual demonstrating the appropriate and effective use of nebulizers and also its maintenance in their colloquial language with handout infographics would highly facilitate the effective use of nebulizers.