bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing a Social Cognitive Model of Well-Being With Women Engineers
Authors: Lee Hang-Shim , Flores Lisa Y.
Published: December 2017

The present study tests the utility of the Social Cognitive Model of Well-Being (SCWB) in the context of work, with a sample of 348 women engineers. Using structural equation modeling, we examined the relations of positive affect, self-efficacy, work conditions, goal progress, and environmental supports and barriers that were assumed to account for job satisfaction and life satisfaction of women engineers. Overall, the model provided a good fit to the data, and SCWB predictors accounted for a significant amount of variance in job satisfaction (63%) and life satisfaction (54%) with our sample of women engineers. As expected, most paths of the SCWB model were significant; however, we also found nonsignificant relations among variables in the model. In particular, goal progress did not play a critical role in the present study. In addition, we examined the indirect effects of environmental variables (e.g., supports and barriers) on job satisfaction via sociocognitive variables (e.g., self-efficacy and perceived work conditions) in the engineering work domain. Implications for practice, theory, and future vocational and organizational research in engineering are discussed.
Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment: A Review and Illustrations Focusing on Item Response Theory Techniques
Authors: Balsis Steve , Choudhury Tabina K. , Geraci Lisa , Benge Jared F. , Patrick Christopher J.
Published: December 2017

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects neurological, cognitive, and behavioral processes. Thus, to accurately assess this disease, researchers and clinicians need to combine and incorporate data across these domains. This presents not only distinct methodological and statistical challenges but also unique opportunities for the development and advancement of psychometric techniques. In this article, we describe relatively recent research using item response theory (IRT) that has been used to make progress in assessing the disease across its various symptomatic and pathological manifestations. We focus on applications of IRT to improve scoring, test development (including cross-validation and adaptation), and linking and calibration. We conclude by describing potential future multidimensional applications of IRT techniques that may improve the precision with which AD is measured.
A Psychometric Evaluation of the DSM-IV Criteria for Antisocial Personality Disorder: Dimensionality, Local Reliability, and Differential Item Functioning Across Gender
Authors: Paap Muirne C. S. , Braeken Johan , Pedersen Geir , Urnes Øyvind , Karterud Sigmund , Wilberg Theresa , Hummelen Benjamin
Published: December 2017

This study aims at evaluating the psychometric properties of the antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) criteria in a large sample of patients, most of whom had one or more personality disorders (PD). PD diagnoses were assessed by experienced clinicians using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, Axis II PDs. Analyses were performed within an item response theory framework. Results of the analyses indicated that ASPD is a unidimensional construct that can be measured reliably at the upper range of the latent trait scale. Differential item functioning across gender was restricted to two criteria and had little impact on the latent ASPD trait level. Patients fulfilling both the adult ASPD criteria and the conduct disorder criteria had similar latent trait distributions as patients fulfilling only the adult ASPD criteria. Overall, the ASPD items fit the purpose of a diagnostic instrument well, that is, distinguishing patients with moderate from those with high antisocial personality scores.
The General Factor of Well-Being: Multinational Evidence Using Bifactor ESEM on the Mental Health Continuum–Short Form
Authors: Longo Ylenio , Jovanović Veljko , Sampaio de Carvalho Joana , Karaś Dominika
Published: December 2017

The Mental Health Continuum–Short Form (MHC-SF) is a widely used scale aimed at assessing three components of well-being: emotional, social, and psychological. The factor structure of the MHC-SF has been under debate over the past 10 years. The main goal of the present study was to examine the dimensionality of the MHC-SF. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), bifactor CFA, exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), and bifactor ESEM were used to evaluate competing models of the MHC-SF structure. The total sample consisted of 7,521 participants from four countries: The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, and Serbia. The results indicated that the three CFA factors were very highly related, and that a bifactor ESEM model provided the best fit to the data in all samples. Our findings provided support for the bifactor structure of well-being with a strong general factor explaining most of the variance in the items.
The Development of a Motor-Free Short-Form of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fifth Edition
Authors: Piovesana Adina M. , Harrison Jessica L. , Ducat Jacob J.
Published: December 2017

Purpose. This study aimed to develop a motor-free short-form of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fifth Edition (WISC-V) that allows clinicians to estimate the Full Scale Intelligence Quotients of youths with motor impairments. Method. Using the reliabilities and intercorrelations of six WISC-V motor-free subtests, psychometric methodologies were applied to develop look-up tables for four Motor-free Short-form indices: Verbal Comprehension Short-form, Perceptual Reasoning Short-form, Working Memory Short-form, and a Motor-free Intelligence Quotient. Index-level discrepancy tables were developed using the same methods to allow clinicians to statistically compare visual, verbal, and working memory abilities. Results. The short-form indices had excellent reliabilities ( r = .92-.97) comparable to the original WISC-V. Conclusion. This motor-free short-form of the WISC-V is a reliable alternative for the assessment of intellectual functioning in youths with motor impairments. Clinicians are provided with user-friendly look-up tables, index level discrepancy tables, and base rates, displayed similar to those in the WISC-V manuals to enable interpretation of assessment results.
Private Governance of Public Schools: Representation, Priorities, and Compliance in New Orleans Charter School Boards
Authors: Lay J. Celeste , Bauman Anna
Published: December 2017

In many cities, charter schools make up an increasing proportion of public schools, substantially altering education governance. In New Orleans, nearly every public school student attends a charter school. Each charter school or network has its own private governing board responsible for obtaining and maintaining the school’s charter, school finances, and hiring school leadership. We know relatively little about the composition, priorities, or effectiveness of these boards. In this article, we find that New Orleans’s charter boards are unrepresentative, are focused on fiduciary responsibilities rather than academics, and routinely fail to comply with state transparency laws. As more schools and other public services in urban areas move to private governance, it is important to examine the people who compose the boards, their decision-making processes, and the extent of public involvement. New Orleans provides a cautionary tale of how this governance system could operate in other cities with growing charter sectors.
Propagation of thermoelastic waves across an interface with consideration of couple stress and second sound
Authors: Li Yueqiu , Wei Peijun , Wang Changda
Published: December 2017

The reflection and transmission of thermoelastic waves across an interface between two different couple stress solids are studied based on the thermoelastic Green–Naghdi theory with consideration of second sound. First, some thermodynamic equations of a couple stress elastic solid are formulated and the function of free energy density is postulated. Second, equations of thermal motion and heat conduction of the couple stress elasticity are derived and constitutive relations with thermoelastic coupled effects are obtained. From these equations, four kinds of dispersive waves, namely, thermal-mechanically coupled MT1 wave and MT2 wave, uncoupled SV wave, and an evanescent wave that becomes the surface waves at interface, are derived. Then, the interfacial conditions of couple stress elastic solids with consideration of force stress, couple stress, and thermal effects are used to determine the amplitude ratios of the reflection and transmission waves with respect to the incident wave. The numerical results are validated by consideration of energy conservation.
Perceptions of Cancer Risk/Efficacy and Cancer-Related Risk Behaviors: Results From the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study
Authors: Fox Rina S. , Mills Sarah D. , Roesch Scott C. , Sotres-Alvarez Daniela , Gonzalez Patricia , Bekteshi Venera , Cai Jianwen , Lounsbury David W. , Talavera Gregory A. , Penedo Frank J. , Malcarne Vanessa L.
Published: December 2017

This study evaluated the associations among perceived risk, perceived efficacy, and engagement in six cancer-related risk behaviors in a population-based Hispanic/Latino sample. Interviews were conducted with 5,313 Hispanic/Latino adults as part of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Sociocultural Ancillary Study. Participants were recruited from the study’s four field centers (Bronx, NY; Chicago, IL; Miami, FL; San Diego, CA) between February 2010 and June 2011. Perceived risk and perceived efficacy were assessed with questions drawn from the Health Interview National Trends Survey. More than half of the sample endorsed perceived risk of cancer associated with the six evaluated behaviors, as well as general perceived efficacy for preventing cancer. Adjusted logistic regression analyses demonstrated significant differences across Hispanic/Latino background groups for perceived risk associated with high consumption of alcohol and saturated fat, low consumption of fruits and vegetables, and insufficient exercise but not with smoking or low consumption of fiber. Differences were also found for the belief, “It seems like everything causes cancer” but not for other perceived efficacy items. Perceived cancer risk and perceived efficacy for preventing cancer were neither independently nor interactively associated with engagement in cancer-related risk behaviors after controlling for sociodemographic covariates. Results suggest that perceptions of risk and efficacy with regard to cancer vary across Hispanic/Latino background groups, and therefore background group differences should be considered in prevention efforts. Perceived risk and perceived efficacy were not related to cancer-related risk behaviors among Hispanics/Latinos. Further work is needed to evaluate determinants of cancer-related risk in this population.
Effect of oil starvation on the isothermal impact problem
Authors: Wu Duohuan , Wang Jing , Yang Peiran , Lubrecht Ton
Published: December 2017

In this study, the effect of oil starvation on isothermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication of an impact motion is explored with the aid of numerical techniques. During the impact process, on comparison with the fully lubricated results, the pressure and film thickness are much lower and the entrapped film shape does not happen. The rebound is delayed by the oil starvation assumption. During the rebound process, a periphery entrapment is seen in the starved film thickness distribution. Under the starved condition, the maximum pressure gradient is higher. The central film thickness and minimum film thickness exhibit different variations compared with the results by fully flooded assumption.
Thermomecanical study of high speed rolling element bearing: A simplified approach
Authors: Niel D , Changenet C , Ville F , Octrue M
Published: December 2017

Rolling element bearing is an essential component in mechanical transmission because it reduces friction between two rotating parts. Two main approaches to evaluate power losses are proposed in literature: (i) global engineering models using few input data; (ii) local models which are more accurate but need much more information on rolling element bearing geometry. Based on thermal network approach, an intermediate model is developed in this study. This new model allows obtaining lumped information (temperature of rings) with a minimum of input data (external geometry only) and by using global power loss models. This intermediate model is developed for angular contact ball bearing under oil jet lubrication for high speed application. Thermal network results are compared with experimental findings.
Tribological properties of TiN/diamond and TiAlN/diamond bilayer films sliding against carbon steel
Authors: Lei Xuelin , He Yun , Sun Fanghong
Published: December 2017

In this study, the tribological properties of the monolayer micro-crystalline diamond and nano-crystalline diamond films, TiN/diamond and TiAlN/diamond bilayer films on cemented tungsten carbide substrates are evaluated by dry sliding against the medium carbon steel counterpart balls, in terms of the coefficient of friction, wear rate, worn surfaces, and chemical transitions in the contacting wear zones. The significant coefficient of friction reducing effect of top-layer TiN and TiAlN coating only happens on the nano-crystalline diamond film, where the stable coefficient of friction of TiN/nano-crystalline diamond or TiAlN/nano-crystalline diamond bilayer coating reduces 9% or 53% compared with the nano-crystalline diamond film. The formed ionic metal oxides such as Fe2O3 or Fe3O4 coming from the chemisorbing of the atmospheric molecular water, oxygen in the air and the delamination of steel ball due to the repeated friction interaction is supposed to be responsible for the coefficient decreasing effect. The TiN or TiAlN film on diamond layer exhibits lower positive wear rate compared with the TiN or TiAlN film itself, due to the load support ability improvement resulted from the high hardness of diamond interlayers. Among all the tested hard films, the TiAlN/nano-crystalline diamond bilayer coating exhibits the valid potential to be the optimized tool coating in carbon steel machining in terms of its low coefficient of friction and wear rate, which may come from the self-lubricated transfer tribolayer formation on the TiAlN layer, as well as the enhanced mechanical supporting capacity of the underneath smooth and hard nano-crystalline diamond interlayer.
Public holidays, tourism, and economic growth
Authors: Barrera Franco , Garrido Nicolás
Published: December 2017

In this article, a mechanism supporting the existence of an inverted u-shaped relation between the number of public holidays and the growth of an economy is presented. The nonlinear relationship is originated by two forces within a Schumpeterian economy: On the one hand, as the number of public holidays grows, the total number of workers searching for innovation increases; on the other hand, as the number of days of recreation increases, the number of working days producing innovations decreases. The combination of these two forces generates the inverted u-shaped relationship. The hypothesized mechanism suggests the existence of an optimal number of public holidays for an economy.
The impact of high-speed trains on regional tourism economies
Authors: Bo Zhou , Ningqiao Li
Published: December 2017

This article uses city-level panel data and difference-in-differences (DID) models to evaluate how China Railway High-speed (CRH) train accessibility impacts regional tourism economies in China. On average, CRH accessibility positively affects regional tourism economies, reflected in a 12% net increase in tourism revenue for a region. By dividing the database into different subsets, this study demonstrates that the significantly positive impacts only occur for regions where the overall level of accessibility is low. Moreover, this study reveals that among regions connected by CRH networks, the regions of which the levels of tourism development are comparatively low will experience a bigger jump in tourism economy than the regions of which the levels of tourism development are already high, and hence the dispersion effect of CRH networks is demonstrated. This study also concludes the lagged effects of CRH accessibility are much greater than its immediate effects. By virtue of these conclusions, this study suggests the ways for governments and tourism organizations to take advantage of the development of high-speed trains in China.
Investigation of cruise vacationers’ behavioral intention formation in the fast-growing cruise industry: The moderating impact of gender and age
Authors: Chua Bee-Lia , Lee Sanghyeop , Kim Hyeon-Cheol , Han Heesup
Published: December 2017

With limited research regarding the effect of personal characteristics on the cruise decision-making process, this study attempted to investigate the interrelationships between quality factors (i.e. physical environment quality, interactional quality, and outcome quality), satisfaction, affective commitment, and behavioral intentions across gender and age groups. Our findings indicated that both interactional quality and outcome quality were significantly related to vacationer satisfaction. The mediation test revealed that both vacationer satisfaction and affective commitment played a significant mediating role in the proposed theoretical framework. The moderation test indicated that the paths from physical environment quality to vacationer satisfaction and from outcome quality to vacationer satisfaction differed significantly across males and females. In addition, our findings indicated that the link between vacationer satisfaction and affective commitment differed significantly across high and low age groups.
A systematic review of prehospital telehealth utilization
Authors: Winburn Andrew S , Brixey Juliana J , Langabeer James , Champagne-Langabeer Tiffany
Published: December 2017

Objective

There has been moderate evidence of telehealth utilization in the field of emergency medicine, but less is known about telehealth in prehospital emergency medical services (EMS). The objective of this study is to explore the extent, focus, and utilization of telehealth for prehospital emergency care through the analysis of published research.

Methods

The authors conducted a systematic literature review by extracting data from multiple research databases (including MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL Complete, and Google Scholar) published since 2000. We used consistent key search terms to identify clinical interventions and feasibility studies involving telehealth and EMS, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results

We identified 68 articles focused specifically on telehealth interventions in prehospital care. The majority (54%) of the studies involved stroke and acute cardiovascular care, while only 7% of these (4) focused on telehealth for primary care. The two most common delivery methods were real-time video-conferencing capabilities (38%) and store and forward (25%); and this variation was based upon the clinical focus. There has been a significant and positive trend towards greater telehealth utilization. European telehealth programs were most common (51% of the studies), while 38% were from the United States.

Discussion and Conclusions

Despite positive trends, telehealth utilization in prehospital emergency care is fairly limited given the sheer number of EMS agencies worldwide. The results of this study suggest there are significant opportunities for wider diffusion in prehospital care. Future work should examine barriers and incentives for telehealth adoption in EMS.
‘I am free in my wheelchair but pain does have a say in it though’: The meaning and experience of quality of life when living with paraplegia and chronic pain
Authors: Hughes Melanie , Burton Amy E , Dempsey Robert C
Published: December 2017

This study investigated how wheelchair-using individuals with paraplegia and chronic pain make sense of the factors associated with quality of life based on interviews using photo-elicitation and interpretative phenomenological analysis. Three superordinate themes emerged in the analysis: experiencing quality of life through the perception of self and identity, interpersonal relationships as facilitators and barriers to quality of life and life in a wheelchair: pain experience and management. Quality of life for those living with paraplegia and chronic pain is experienced as a complex interaction across several life domains. The use of photographs may improve the communication of pain-related experiences and understanding by healthcare staff.
Engendering support: Hostile sexism predicts voting for Donald Trump over Hillary Clinton in the 2016 U.S. presidential election
Authors: Ratliff Kate A. , Redford Liz , Conway John , Smith Colin Tucker
Published: December 2017

This research investigated the role of gender attitudes in the United States 2016 presidential election between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. The results of three studies (combined N = 2,816) showed that, as expected, Trump voters were higher in hostile and benevolent sexism than were Clinton voters. Even after controlling for political ideology and gender (Studies 1, 2, and 3) and minority group attitudes (Study 3), greater hostile sexism predicted more positive attitudes toward Trump, less positive attitudes toward Clinton, and retrospective reports of having voted for Trump over Clinton (Studies 2 and 3). Benevolent sexism did not predict additional variation in voting behavior beyond political ideology and hostile sexism. These results suggest that political behavior is based on more than political ideology; even among those with otherwise progressive views, overtly antagonistic views of women could be a liability to women—and an asset to men—running for office.
Numerical analysis on seismic behaviors of T-shaped concrete-filled steel tubular columns with reinforcement stiffeners
Authors: Liu Jiepeng , Yang Yuanlong , Song Hua , Wang Yuyin
Published: December 2017

A numerical analysis based on previous experiment has been carried out on T-shaped concrete-filled steel tubular columns subjected to constant axial compressive load and cyclic lateral loads. Tensile bar stiffeners were introduced to be welded on inside surfaces of steel tube to postpone its local buckling and to enhance the confinement of steel tube for concrete. A modified fiber-based method was developed to establish numerical modeling program of specimens’ cyclic behavior, incorporating the effect of stiffeners on postponing steel tube’s local buckling and the confinement for concrete. The reciprocating movement of inflection point along frame column is also considered in the numerical program. A simplified arc-length method was employed as iterative control algorithm of the numerical model. Horizontal load–displacement hysteretic curves of specimens were calculated with the numerical model and verified with test results. A restoring force model based on experimental investigation was proposed as simplified method for engineering practice.
Local damage identification method using finite element model updating based on a new wavelet damage function
Authors: Zhang Wei , Sun Limin , Zhang Liye
Published: December 2017

As the number of unknown parameters in a finite element model updating problem increases, the challenges in finding reliable and meaningful updating result surges. Although traditional damage functions have illustrated an excellent ability in reducing unknown parameters, they are imprecise for identifying local damages. To solve this problem, a new type of damage function termed the wavelet damage function, which specializes in local damage identification, is proposed in this article. It utilizes the properties of the Haar wavelet and wavelet multi-resolution analysis. During the wavelet damage function–based finite element model updating procedure, unknown parameters in finite element models are not directly adjusted. Instead, wavelet coefficients of the parameters are estimated stepwise and then the final updating results are reconstructed through the inverse discrete wavelet transform. Numerical simulations and experimental verifications are conducted, and the corresponding results show that wavelet damage function can offer better accuracy as well as higher computational efficiency in the identification of local damages than the traditional damage functions.
Effects of free-stream turbulence on wind loads on a full-scale large cooling tower
Authors: Cheng XX , Dong J , Peng Y , Zhao L , Ge YJ
Published: December 2017

The high variability in turbulence is a significant feature of the realistic atmospheric boundary layer winds which might have strong effects on wind loads on structures submerged in atmospheric boundary layer. This article has been devoted to this matter of science which is of practical importance to wind-engineering design and research. First, the variation of the turbulence intensity of the atmospheric boundary layer flow has been studied using theoretical calculations and meteorological wind measurements. Second, the effects of free-stream turbulence on wind loads on circular cylindrical structures have been revealed at high Reynolds number and equivalent conditions based on field measurements and wind tunnel model tests for wind effects on a large cooling tower. Through these works, it is found that the turbulence intensity for the measured atmospheric boundary layer winds is highly variable due to the significant effect of the mean wind speed, which is not well represented by the traditional empirical formulae. Besides, the free-stream turbulence significantly influences the dynamic characteristics of wind effects on the cooling tower in most cases, and the wind effects for a flow field of high turbulence intensity are generally more unfavorable than those for a flow field of low turbulence intensity.
Book review: Malkki, L.H. 2015: The Need to Help: The Domestic Arts of International Humanitarianism
Authors: Dickinson Simon
Published: December 2017

Malkki, L.H. 2015: The Need to Help: The Domestic Arts of International Humanitarianism. Harrogate: Duke University Press. x + 270 pp. £62.00 (Cloth), £16.99 (Paperback). ISBN: 0 8223 5912 8 (Cloth), 0 8223 5932 6 (Paperback).
Book review: Janson, Marloes. 2014: Islam, Youth and Modernity in the Gambia: The Tablighi Jama‘at
Authors: Kapadia Karin
Published: December 2017

Janson, Marloes. 2014: Islam, Youth and Modernity in the Gambia: The Tablighi Jama‘at. New York: Cambridge University Press. 303 pp. £60. ISBN: 978-1-107-04057-1 (Hardback).
Book review: Singh, L., Joseph, K. and Johnson, D., editors. 2015: Technology, Innovations and Economic Development: Essays in Honour of Robert E. Evenson
Authors: Alfranca Oscar
Published: December 2017

Singh, L., Joseph, K. and Johnson, D., editors. 2015: Technology, Innovations and Economic Development: Essays in Honour of Robert E. Evenson. London: SAGE. xxxv + 335 pp. £42.00 (Hardback). ISBN: 978-93-515-0269-2.
Predicting recidivism among youth offenders: Augmenting professional judgement with machine learning algorithms
Authors: Ting Ming Hwa , Chu Chi Meng , Zeng Gerald , Li Dongdong , Chng Grace S
Published: December 2017

Offender rehabilitation seeks to minimise recidivism. Using their experience and actuarial-type risk assessment tools, probation officers in Singapore make recommendations on the sentencing outcomes so as to achieve this objective. However, it is difficult for them to maximise the utility of the large amounts of data collected, which could be resolved by using predictive modelling informed by statistical learning methods.

Findings

Data of youth offenders ( N = 3744) referred to the Probation Service, Ministry of Social and Family Development for rehabilitation were used to create a random forests model to predict recidivism. No assumptions were made on how individual predictor values within the risk assessment tool and other administrative data on an individual’s socio-economic status such as level of education attained and dwelling type collected in line with organisational requirements influenced the outcome. Sixty per cent of the data was used to develop the model, which was then tested against the remaining 40%. With a classification accuracy of approximately 65%, and an Area under the Curve value of 0.69, it outperformed existing models analysing aggregated data using conventional statistical methods.

Application

This article identifies how analysis of administrative data at the discrete level using statistical learning methods is more accurate in predicting recidivism than using conventional statistical methods. This provides an opportunity to direct intervention efforts at individuals who are more likely to reoffend.
Education and the adequacy of options: An interview with John White
Authors: Sardoč Mitja , White John
Published: December 2017

Mitja Sardoč’s interview with John White discusses a neglected aspect of the educational goal of equipping learners to lead a life of autonomous well-being – trying to ensure that they have adequate options from which to choose worthwhile activities and relationships. Following a brief account of the nature of autonomous well-being, White outlines and critiques Joseph Raz’s views on the adequacy of options in general as well as an earlier inadequate approach of his own to this topic in relation to the school curriculum. He then picks up and critically discusses Eamonn Callan’s curricular suggestions about how to open up a range of options. Drawing on both these discussions, the interview then leads to a threefold proposal about how schools and other agencies could go about providing the adequate range required. The last two short sections underline the wider changes needed in society if the work of these educational institutions is to bear fruit.
Regional arterial stiffness in central and peripheral arteries is differentially related to endothelial dysfunction assessed by brachial flow-mediated dilation in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Badhwar Smriti , Chandran Dinu S , Jaryal Ashok Kumar , Narang Rajiv , Deepak Kishore Kumar
Published: December 2017

The interrelationship between endothelial function and arterial stiffness may be different for central and peripheral arteries due to their structural and functional differences. The study aims to assess the interrelationship between central and peripheral vascular function and haemodynamics in metabolic syndrome. Thirty-seven patients [63.0 (57.5–66.0) years, 68.4% males] of metabolic syndrome (National Cholesterol Education Program – Adult Treatment Panel-III criteria) were studied. Carotid-femoral, carotid-radial pulse wave velocity and augmentation index (AIx@75) were assessed using applanation tonometry. Endothelial function was evaluated by brachial flow-mediated dilation using B-mode ultrasonography. Central and peripheral pressures were measured by radial tonometry and sphygmomanometer, respectively. Carotid-radial pulse wave velocity correlated significantly with peripheral diastolic blood pressure ( r = 0.33, p = 0.04) and inversely with flow-mediated dilation ( r = –0.61, p = 0.0001). AIx@75 correlated significantly with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( r = 0.35, p = 0.03) and with aortic pulse pressure ( r = 0.43, p = 0.01). In principal component analysis, an inverse relationship was observed between flow-mediated dilation and carotid-radial pulse wave velocity but not with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. Regional arterial stiffness assessed by pulse wave velocity in central-elastic and peripheral-muscular arteries differentially relates to endothelial dysfunction. The central arteries might be predominantly influenced by endothelial dysfunction-induced structural changes, while the peripheral arteries are majorly affected by functional alterations.
Using Applied Theater in Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention of Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review
Authors: Heard Emma , Mutch Allyson , Fitzgerald Lisa
Published: December 2017

There is an immediate need to advance knowledge around the effective prevention of intimate partner violence (IPV), which is responsible for significant negative health and well-being outcomes for women around the world. Creative approaches are being explored internationally—this systematic review provides a timely synthesis of applied theater interventions addressing primary, secondary, and tertiary IPV prevention. Six hundred and ten articles were identified through a comprehensive search of five cross-disciplinary databases. Eleven studies discussed in 15 quantitative and qualitative peer-reviewed articles and one book chapter met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Articles were appraised using a standardized quality assessment tool and were analyzed within the context of IPV prevention. Of the reviewed studies, five were classified as primary prevention, four secondary, and two focused on tertiary prevention. Specific strategies used by each of the studies included healthy relationship training, rising awareness and community advocacy, service provider training, bystander training, and working with survivors. While the paucity and quality of current literature make it difficult to determine overall efficacy, this review points to the potential of applied theater as a useful prevention strategy, particularly when interactive, participatory methods are incorporated. Further, applied theater could be an effective tool for working in culturally diverse settings as well as with minority groups. Future applied theater program planning needs to include comprehensive evaluation. More rigorous investigation, involving mixed-method research approaches, is required to fully understand the potential of applied theater as a tool in the context of IPV prevention.
Theoretical determination of the fiber volume fraction distribution for natural fiber fabric reinforced polymer composite
Authors: El Messiry Magdi
Published: December 2017

The present work attempts to understand the inter-relation between the spun yarn fiber volume fraction and the fabric fiber volume fraction when adapted in the reinforced polymer composite. The yarn diameter of the natural fiber spun yarn has a great heterogeneity that affects the fiber volume fraction at the different basic units of the fabric. That in turn creates a rich fiber or rich polymer point in the final composite, resulting in the composite with varied reinforcement which has a crucial impact on the stress transfer between yarns and matrix and the composite fracture mechanism. The model was developed to express the effect of the lay out of the yarns in warp and weft directions with their real measured diameters. The fiber volume fraction of each basic weave unit was targeted to calculate the minimum, average, and maximum values of the fabric's fiber volume fraction distribution. The developed model predicts of the effect of yarn fiber volume fraction and warp and weft densities for weave fabric on its final fabric volume fraction, taking into consideration the actual variation of the yarn diameter along its length, to accomplish suitable structural performance for a composite material.
Fabrication of capsule-like inflatable woven fabric used for tunnel plugs
Authors: Lu Liu , Qinliang Zhuang , Yawei Li , Qingqing Zhou , Gaohui Liu
Published: December 2017

Considering safe and continuous operation of the subway tunnel, apart from the conventional drainage system, the entrances or exits of tunnels generally are designed to install special devices to block the influx of either floods due to sudden storms or harmful gases caused by terrorist attack. Traditional devices include metal plates or sandbags. In recent years, researchers have invented textile-based capsule-like inflatable device to replace the traditional devices because the new one can be flexibly located in the tunnel, capable of blocking fluids completely, light-weight and low cost. However, the fabrication of capsule-like textile structure has been seldom discussed in the literature. The capsule-like textile structure is either created by fabric weaving followed by sewing for the capsule form, which may result in unevenness of stress distribution due to existence of seams in the structure, or produced by expensive and specially designed weaving equipment. This paper is to explore two different fabrications of capsule-like textile structure for the purpose that the device is evenly structured and can be produced in one step with conventional weaving loom. The techniques of fabrication with trapezoid-formed reed as well as the application of double-layered structure have been investigated. The contour of spherical crown of capsule-like structure is well in line with calculated values.
The Use of Quantitative EEG for Differentiating Frontotemporal Dementia From Late-Onset Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Metin Sinem Zeynep , Erguzel Turker Tekin , Ertan Gulhan , Salcini Celal , Kocarslan Betul , Cebi Merve , Metin Baris , Tanridag Oguz , Tarhan Nevzat
Published: December 2017

The behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) usually emerges with behavioral changes similar to changes in late-life bipolar disorder (BD) especially in the early stages. According to the literature, a substantial number of bvFTD cases have been misdiagnosed as BD. Since the literature lacks studies comparing differential diagnosis ability of electrophysiological and neuroimaging findings in BD and bvFTD, we aimed to show their classification power using an artificial neural network and genetic algorithm based approach. Eighteen patients with the diagnosis of bvFTD and 20 patients with the diagnosis of late-life BD are included in the study. All patients’ clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan and electroencephalography recordings were assessed by a double-blind method to make diagnosis from MRI data. Classification of bvFTD and BD from total 38 participants was performed using feature selection and a neural network based on general algorithm. The artificial neural network method classified BD from bvFTD with 76% overall accuracy only by using on EEG power values. The radiological diagnosis classified BD from bvFTD with 79% overall accuracy. When the radiological diagnosis was added to the EEG analysis, the total classification performance raised to 87% overall accuracy. These results suggest that EEG and MRI combination has more powerful classification ability as compared with EEG and MRI alone. The findings may support the utility of neurophysiological and structural neuroimaging assessments for discriminating the 2 pathologies.
Self-management programs for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples with chronic conditions: A rapid review
Authors: Moore Ellie , Lawn Sharon , Oster Candice , Morello Andrea
Published: December 2017

Objectives

Review the evidence for the effectiveness of chronic condition self-management programs applied to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples.

Methods

A rapid review methodology was followed to develop an evidence summary from peer-reviewed and grey literature.

Results

Only seven peer-reviewed studies were identified. The evidence indicated that group programs, particularly the Stanford Program, and structured individual chronic condition self-management programs were of good quality for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, although these need to be integrated into practice in order to see the greatest benefits. The Flinders Program showed promise as a standardised program with content designed specifically with and for these populations. Numerous grey literature sources were identified, many using strong participatory approaches developed locally within Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. However, few of these programs have been subject to rigorous evaluation.

Discussion

Despite the significant focus on chronic condition self-management programs to help address the burden of disease for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, few studies exist that have been properly evaluated. The Closing the Gap Principles developed by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare offer important guidance for how to proceed to maximise engagement, cultural appropriateness and ownership of program initiatives.
How to Write a Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Pati Debajyoti , Lorusso Lesa N.
Published: December 2017

This article provides a step-by-step approach to conducting and reporting systematic literature reviews (SLRs) in the domain of healthcare design and discusses some of the key quality issues associated with SLRs. SLR, as the name implies, is a systematic way of collecting, critically evaluating, integrating, and presenting findings from across multiple research studies on a research question or topic of interest. SLR provides a way to assess the quality level and magnitude of existing evidence on a question or topic of interest. It offers a broader and more accurate level of understanding than a traditional literature review. A systematic review adheres to standardized methodologies/guidelines in systematic searching, filtering, reviewing, critiquing, interpreting, synthesizing, and reporting of findings from multiple publications on a topic/domain of interest. The Cochrane Collaboration is the most well-known and widely respected global organization producing SLRs within the healthcare field and a standard to follow for any researcher seeking to write a transparent and methodologically sound SLR. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), like the Cochrane Collaboration, was created by an international network of health-based collaborators and provides the framework for SLR to ensure methodological rigor and quality. The PRISMA statement is an evidence-based guide consisting of a checklist and flowchart intended to be used as tools for authors seeking to write SLR and meta-analyses.
Community Organizing as Educational Leadership: Lessons From Chicago on the Politics of Racial Justice
Authors: Welton Anjalé D. , Freelon Rhoda
Published: December 2017

The collective power of community members has the potential to shape education reform efforts through activism and community organizing. In this article, we present two cases where community organizers exhibited key leadership strategies designed to influence district decision-making about school closures in Chicago. Employing a mix of interviews, observations, and document analysis, we discuss how community organizing can be used as a framework in which to advocate for racial equity in education. By highlighting the leadership tactics parents and community organizers used to confront the racial injustice of neoliberal reforms, we argue for a broadening of traditional educational leadership paradigms.
Trending Norms: A Lever for Encouraging Behaviors Performed by the Minority
Authors: Mortensen Chad R. , Neel Rebecca , Cialdini Robert B. , Jaeger Christine M. , Jacobson Ryan P. , Ringel Megan M.
Published: December 2017

If many people currently engage in a behavior, others are likely to follow suit. The current article extends research on these descriptive norms to examine the unique effect of trending norms: norms in which the number of people engaging in a behavior is increasing—and even if this is only among a minority of people: trending minority norms. The current research shows people conform more to these trending minority norms than a minority norm alone, or a no norm control condition—even though the norms addressed behaviors that differed from the target behavior. This demonstrates a distinct effect of trends and a strategy for leveraging normative information to increase conformity to behaviors not yet performed by a majority. Findings support that this increased conformity emerges because people predict the increase in prevalence will continue. An internal meta-analysis examining all data we collected on this topic supports these conclusions.
The Vicarious Effects of Discrimination: How Partner Experiences of Discrimination Affect Individual Health
Authors: Wofford Nyla , Defever Andrew M. , Chopik William J.
Published: December 2017

Little is known about how discriminatory experiences are associated with interpersonal relationships—specifically whether one person’s experience of discrimination has psychological effects on their partner and their relationship (i.e., vicarious effects). Using dyadic data analyses, we examined actor and partner effects of discriminatory experiences on self-rated health, chronic illness, depression, and relationship strain in a sample of 1,949 couples (3,898 participants). Actor and partner discrimination were associated with poorer health, greater depression, and greater relationship strain. These effects were mediated by higher levels of relationship strain. Our findings provide insight into the effects of direct and vicarious experiences of discrimination on interpersonal relationships.
Changes in the Positivity of Migrant Stereotype Content
Authors: Gaucher Danielle , Friesen Justin P. , Neufeld Katelin H. S. , Esses Victoria M.
Published: December 2017

Complementing well-established antecedents of anti-migrant opinion (e.g., threat), we investigated how system-sanctioned ideologies—that is, the collection of beliefs and values espoused by the government in power—are linked with migrant stereotypes. Using Canada as a case study, across three waves of national survey data ( N = 1,080), we found that system-sanctioned pro-migrant ideologies corresponded with (relatively) more positive migrant stereotype content (i.e., increases in perceived warmth and competence). Moreover, controlling for other political ideologies, increases in migrant stereotype positivity were linked to people’s motivation to justify their sociopolitical systems, suggesting that system-sanctioned ideologies may be especially likely to influence the positivity of migrant stereotypes when people are motivated to justify their sociopolitical systems.
A multilevel model of care flow
Authors: Stiehl Emily , Ernst Kossek Ellen , Leana Carrie , Keller Quita
Published: December 2017

Care is emerging as a key component of work processes that must be managed in organizations. We propose a model of care flow, which is defined as a multilevel work process through which caring feelings and actions are generated and spread throughout an organization to address the needs of its members. Our model (a) distinguishes between the generation and spread of care as concepts, (b) specifies the three cyclical stages and multilevel mechanisms (at dyadic, collective, and organizational system levels) through which caregivers and care recipients act together to enhance flow in a work system, and (c) argues that care is inherently relational and emotional. Most importantly, we argue that both caregivers and care recipients shape the reproduction of care in our model, which addresses a gap overlooked by many organizational theorists. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.