bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amazonian Conservation across Archipelagos of Indigenous Territories
Authors: Esbach Michael , Correia Joel E. , Valdivia Gabriela , Lu Flora
Published: September 2023

This paper examines how the spatial distribution, size, connectivity, and governance of Indigenous lands can impact conservation planning and practice in the Amazon. Indigenous Territories (IT) are frequently treated as homogeneous spatial and cultural units, considered, explicitly or implicitly, as discrete, singular patches of land belonging to a specific Indigenous nationality. But not all IT are discontinuous land holdings; many maintain cultural and political connections that span geographies and ecosystems, what we call archipelagos of Indigenous territories (AIT). In this paper, we present the results of spatial data analysis to describe the heterogeneity and extent of IT across Amazonia, documenting whether a single or multiple Indigenous nations control one or more IT, and how IT configurations correlate with conservation urgency and potential. We identify two categories of AIT that collectively encompass over 45% of the areal extent of IT and harbor a greater richness of species on average than single IT. Finally, we utilize our long-term research with the Cofán Nation in Ecuador to give an in-depth account of how AIT have the potential to help sustain rainforest ecosystems, including both biological diversity and Indigenous lifeways. Building on island relationality theory, we propose that AIT bridge island-like areas through a shared and dynamic topology, where flows and exchanges between such islands function as a connectivity that sustains collective integrity. Better understanding this relationality can support the conservation of biocultural diversity and enhance Amazonian resilience.
Demystifying the Risk of Reidentification in Neuroimaging Data – A technical and regulatory analysis
Authors: Jwa Anita , Koyejo Oluwasanmi , Poldrack Russell
Published: September 2023

Sharing research data has been widely promoted in the field of neuroimaging and has enhanced the rigor and reproducibility of neuroimaging studies. Yet the emergence of novel software tools and algorithms, such as face recognition, has raised concerns due to their potential to reidentify neuroimaging data that are thought to have been deidentified. Despite the surge of privacy concerns, however, the risk of reidentification via these tools and algorithms has not yet been examined outside the limited settings for demonstration purposes. There is also a pressing need to carefully analyze regulatory implications of this new reidentification attack because it has been argued that conventional methods to deidentify neuroimaging data may no longer be compliant with regulatory requirements. This study aims to tackle these gaps through rigorous technical and regulatory analyses. We first tested the generalizability of the matching accuracies in the recent face recognition studies through a simulation analysis. The results showed that the real-world likelihood of reidentification via face recognition would be substantially lower than that reported in the previous studies. Next, by taking a US jurisdiction as a case study, we analyzed whether the novel reidentification risk posed by face recognition would affect achieving data deidentification under the current regulatory regime. Our analysis suggests that defaced neuroimaging data using existing tools would still meet the regulatory requirements for data deidentification. A brief comparison with the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was also provided. Then we examined the implication of NIH’s new Data Management and Sharing Policy on the current practice of neuroimaging data sharing based on the results of our simulation and regulatory analyses. Finally, we discussed future directions of open data sharing in neuroimaging.
The role of country-level characteristics for the association between loneliness and neighbourhood cohesion
Authors: Langenkamp Alexander , Mund Marcus , Hawkley Louise
Published: September 2023

The prevalence of loneliness varies widely across Western societies. However, the underlying sources of these cross-national disparities are still the subject of debate. In particular, recent advances in the literature put emphasis on exploring the moderating role of country-level characteristics for a better understanding under which condition individual-level factors predict loneliness. One such predictor for loneliness is neighbourhood cohesion as perceiving the community as reciprocal and supportive has a large protective potential against loneliness. The present study links these lines of research and explores how three country-level characteristics (i.e., norms of cultural pluralism, welfare spending, and internet penetration rates) explain cross-national disparities in loneliness and whether they exert a moderating influence on the relationship between neighbourhood cohesion and loneliness. By running linear multilevel models using data from the European Social Survey (N = 45042) as well as Eurostat Data, we find that all three country-level characteristics explain national disparities in loneliness as well as neighbourhood cohesion. However, only norms of cultural pluralism moderate the association between neighbourhood cohesion and loneliness on the individual level. This suggests that the potential of interventions aiming at fostering neighbourhood cohesion to prevent loneliness varies depending on the cultural context.
PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Widiasari
Published: September 2023

Hasil belajar siswa merupakan output dari proses belajar mengajar. Salah satu masalah dalam pembelajaran di sekolah adalah rendahnya hasil belajar siswa. Hal ini dapat diketahui dari data awal nilai ulangan harian siswa yang masih berada di bawah KKM. Banyak faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil belajar salah satunya adalah model pembelajaran. Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL)) merupakan model pembelajaran kooperatif (cooperative learning) yang menuntut siswa untuk aktif dan memotivasi siswa supaya dapat saling mendukung dan membantu satu sama lain dalam menguasi materi pembelajaran yang telah dipelajari. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar siswa antara yang menggunakan model pembelajaran PBL dengan model pembelajaran Konvensional pada siswa sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan desain pretest- posttest. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa ksekolah dasar. Setelah penelitian dilakukan ternyata hasil belajar pada kelas yang menggunakan model pembelajaran PBL 81,14 lebih tinggi dari pada kelas yang menggunakan model pembelajaran Konvensional 76,98. Berdasarkan uji statistik diperoleh thitung 2,4046 dan ttabel 1,9893. Karena nilai thitung > ttabel (2,4046 > 1,9893) berarti maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Dari analisis yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran PBL dengan model pembelajaran Konvensional pada siswa sekolah dasar.
The Reliability of Student Evaluations of Teaching
Authors: Buchanan Erin Michelle , Miranda Jacob Francisco , Stephens Christian
Published: September 2023

Background: Student evaluations of teaching are regularly used within college classrooms to gauge effectiveness of instruction, provide evidence for administrative decision making, and inform instructors of course feedback. Teaching evaluations are thought to be a reliable measure, but few studies have explored their reliability over time. Objective: We investigate over 30 years of teaching evaluations to determine the reliability of teaching evaluations across course, instructor, and time. Method: A large dataset of student evaluations of teaching was examined for reliability of evaluations within the same or different semester, course, and instructor. We then used these estimates to determine the stability of reliability estimates over time and tried to predict reliability using student ratings of instructor fairness. Results: Instructors teaching the same course multiple times within the same semester showed the highest reliability estimates. The reliability of instructor’s evaluations showed a small decrease over time. We found the impact of a validity measurement on reliability.Conclusion: Student evaluations of teaching appear reliable for instructors teaching the same courses within the semester, with decreasing reliability across time. Teaching Implications: Evaluations should be carefully considered given the context of the semester received and potentially paired with other measures of teaching effectiveness.
Instrumental Variable Analysis with Categorical Treatment
Authors: Kazemi Amirhossein , Olsen Inge Christoffer
Published: September 2023

Current instrumental variable (IV) methodology focuses mainly on estimating causal effects for a dichotomous or an ordinal treatment variable. Situations with more than two unordered treatments are less explored. The challenge is that assumptions needed to derive point-estimators become increasingly stronger with the number of relevant treatment alternatives. In this paper, we aim at deriving causal point-estimators for head-to-head comparisons of the effect of multiple relevant treatments or interventions. We will achieve this with a set of plausible and well-defined rationality assumptions while only considering ordinal instruments. We demonstrate that our methodology provides asymptotically unbiased estimators in the presence of unobserved confounding effects in a simulation study. We then apply the method to compare the effectiveness of five anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). For this, we use a clinical data set from an observational study in Norway, where price is the primary determinant of the preferred drug and can therefore be considered as an instrument. The developed methodology provides an important addition to the toolbox for causal inference when comparing more than two interventions influenced by an IV.
Characterization of the Cytotoxic T lymphocytes Acute Response Following Continuous Moderate Intensity and High Intensity Interval Exercise in Metastatic Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
Authors: Parent-Roberge Hugo , Fontvieille Adeline , Poirier Laurence , Tai Lee-Hwa , Pavic Michel , Fülöp Tamàs , Riesco Eleonor
Published: September 2023

Background: Tumor-bearing animal studies have suggested that each aerobic exercise bout may acutely promote the infiltration of effector CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells (CTLs) in tumoral tissue and enhance the anti-tumor immune response. Exercise intensity being the main driver of this acute immune response, high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) might be a promising strategy to stimulate anti-cancer immunity in cancer patients. Yet, so far, the acute effects of moderate continuous (MOD) and HIIE on circulating T-cells remain unknown in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Objective: To characterise the acute CTLs response following a MOD and a work matched HIIE trial in metastatic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: Eleven participants (45-65 years old) underwent a block-randomized crossover trial with a MOD and a duration and work-matched HIIE trial. Blood draws were performed before, after and 1h after each trial. Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stained to identify CTLs (CD3+CD8+), naive, central memory, effector memory (EM) and TEMRA (CCR7/CD45RA). EM and TEMRA were evaluated for their expression of CD28, PD-1, CD95, CXCR3 and CXCR4. Blood levels at each timepoint were computed using complete blood counts with leukocyte differentials. Results: Total, CD28-, CD95+ and CXCR3+ TEMRA CTLs blood levels increased immediately following both trials and decreased back to baseline levels 1h after exercise cessation (all p < 0.01). No statistically significant response to exercise was found in any of the EM subsets analyzed, although borderline significant post-exercise increases were found in PD-1+ EM cells (p = 0.052). Significant changes in the MFI values of these markers were found in both EM and TEMRA cells, suggesting that exercise may acutely modify the expression at the single cell level. Conclusion: In metastatic cancer patients, a MOD and a work-matched HIIE session both induced the preferential blood mobilization and egress of CXCR3+ TEMRA cells. This is consistent with the hypothesis that exercise might stimulate tumor infiltration by effector CTLs.
A Review of Emerging Environmental Contaminants of Global Concern
Authors: Boahen Ebenezer , Owusu Lawrencia , Adjei-Anim Stephanie Owusuaa
Published: September 2023

Emerging contaminants (ECs) represent a broad category of chemicals detected in the environment due to various anthropogenic activities, including everyday domestic, agricultural, and industrial processes. This article highlights major emerging contaminants, their sources, ecological and health effects, and analytical techniques for detecting and quantifying them in the environment. While the presence of these substances in the environment is not a recent revelation, they have recently gained increased attention due to the advancements in more sensitive analytical techniques. These techniques have uncovered the existence of these pollutants in the air, soil, and water, often at extraordinarily low concentrations. Gas chromatography and high-resolution liquid chromatography techniques are used to quantify ECs in samples at parts per million and parts per billion levels respectively. In comparison to rural surroundings, emerging pollutants are typically found in higher concentrations in urban and industrial settings. Exposure to these substances has been associated with several health problems, such as hormonal imbalances, oxidative damage, digestion problems, altered dynamics of the gut microbial community, irregularities in fatty acid metabolism, and molecular damage among others. ECs pose a threat to aquatic life, rendering drinking water unsafe when permissible limits are exceeded. The large surface area to volume ratio of microplastics allows toxic substances to be attached to their surfaces and leach into water bodies. One main potential risk of microplastics is that they can get stuck in the gut of living organisms. Technology developments and the creation of new materials will probably result in the introduction of new categories of pollutants. Understanding the distribution patterns of emerging contaminants is key to formulating effective environmental policies and management strategies hence, a small lifestyle change could result in a significant shift in ECs in the environment.
The RAPID Survey: An Innovative Tool for Elevating Parent and Provider Voices in Early Childhood
Authors: Fisher Philip , Liu Sihong , Carman Cristi , Lombardi Joan
Published: September 2023

This article describes RAPID survey as a methodology to elicit and amplify the voices of adults in young children’s lives – parents and child care providers. Born out of the COVID-19 pandemic, RAPID subsequently evolved into a platform that gathers actionable data to advance science and inform data-driven, evidence-based early childhood policy, practice, and systems. We describe the overarching architecture, key principles, and conceptual model of RAPID, and provide a summary of published findings from RAPID national survey from 2020-2024. We conclude the paper by describing the myriad ways where RAPID is used after the pandemic, being implemented in state/local contexts around the US and elsewhere as a tool for early childhood systems redesign. RAPID overarching goals are to foster a paradigm change in early childhood developmental and educational research, to contribute to mitigating structural/systemic disparities, and to promote healthy, equitable environments for young children to reach full developmental potential.
Low Detail Retention in Visual Memory Despite Focused Effort
Authors: Dechterenko Filip , Lukavsky Jiri , Adámek Petr
Published: September 2023

Past research has shown that visual memory has large capacity and humans are able to memorize thousands of images. This large capacity likely comes at a cost: humans seemingly have lower levels of visual memory for each of the scenes. In this study, we focused on a related problem – would the level of detail in visual memories be high if participants memorized just a few stimuli but studied each for a prolonged period? We developed a new paradigm, which allowed us to query each studied image multiple times and relate memory performance within-subject to performance in typical memory study. We found out that, even with great effort, participants were not able achieve levels of accuracy similar to those observed in other visual memory studies. In follow-up experiments, we manipulated possible factors responsible for difficulty in understanding the nature of the process, i.e., what makes the task difficult. Results showed that there is not a symmetrical tradeoff between visual capacity and fidelity – although we can memorize large numbers of scenes with low fidelity, we cannot memorize small numbers of scenes with high fidelity.
Sensitivity Analysis of Prior Distributions in Bayesian Graphical Modeling: Guiding Informed Prior Choices for Conditional Independence Testing
Authors: Sekulovski Nikola , Keetelaar Sara , Haslbeck Jonas M B , Marsman Maarten
Published: September 2023

Bayesian analysis methods provide a significant advancement in network psychometrics, allowing researchers to use the edge inclusion Bayes factor for testing conditional independence between pairs of variables in the network. Using this methodology requires setting prior distributions on the network parameters and on the network’s structure. However, the impact of both prior distributions on the inclusion Bayes factor is underexplored. In this paper, we focus on a specific class of Markov Random Field models for ordinal and binary data. We first discuss the different choices of prior distributions for the network parameters and the network structure, and then perform an extensive simulation study to assess the sensitivity of the inclusionBayes factor to these distributions. We pay particular attention to the effect of the scale of the prior on the inclusion Bayes factor. To improve the accessibility of the results, we also provide an interactive Shiny app. Finally,we present the R package simBgms, which provides researchers with a user-friendly tool to perform their own simulation studies for Bayesian MarkovRandom Field models. All of this should help researchers make more informed, evidence-based decisions when preparing to analyze empirical data using network psychometric models.
Trust in Automation and the Accuracy of Human-Algorithm Teams Performing One-to-One Face Matching Tasks
Authors: Carragher Daniel James , Sturman Daniel , Hancock Peter
Published: September 2023

The human face is commonly used for identity verification. While this task was once exclusively performed by humans, technological advancements have seen Automated Facial Recognition Systems (AFRS) integrated into many identification scenarios. Although many state-of-the-art AFRS are exceptionally accurate, they often require human oversight or involvement, such that a human operator actions the final decision. Previously, we have shown that on average, humans assisted by a simulated AFRS (sAFRS) failed to reach the level of accuracy achieved by the same sAFRS alone, due to overturning the system’s correct decisions and/or failing to correct sAFRS errors. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether participants’ trust in automation was related to their performance on a one-to-one face matching task when assisted by a sAFRS. Participants (n = 160) completed a standard face matching task in two phases: an unassisted baseline phase, and an assisted phase where they were shown the identification decision (95% accurate) made by a sAFRS prior to submitting their own decision. While most participants improved with sAFRS assistance, those with greater relative trust in automation achieved larger gains in performance. However, the average aided performance of participants still failed to reach that of the sAFRS alone, regardless of trust status. Nonetheless, further analysis revealed a small sample of participants who achieved 100% accuracy when aided by the sAFRS. Our results speak to the importance of considering individual differences when selecting employees for roles requiring human-algorithm interaction, including identity verification tasks that incorporate facial recognition technologies.
“What if applicants fake their responses?”: Modeling faking in high-stakes personality assessments using the multidimensional nominal response model
Authors: Seitz Timo , Spengler Maik , Meiser Thorsten
Published: September 2023

THIS REPRINT IS THE INITIAL SUBMISSION OF A PAPER THAT HAS BEEN PUBLISHED IN A REVISED FORM IN "EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT" (https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00131644241307560)Self-report personality tests used in high-stakes assessments hold the risk that test-takers engage in faking. In this article, we demonstrate an extension of the multidimensional nominal response model (MNRM) to account for the response bias of faking. The MNRM is a flexible item response theory (IRT) model that allows modeling response biases whose effect patterns vary between items. In an empirical demonstration, we modeled responses from N = 3046 job applicants taking a personality test under high-stakes conditions. We thereby specified item-specific effect patterns of faking by setting scoring weights of faking to appropriate values that we collected in a pilot study. Results indicated that modeling faking increased model fit over and above response styles and improved divergent validity, while the faking dimension exhibited relations to several covariates. Furthermore, we validated the model in a sample of job incumbents taking the test under low-stakes conditions and found evidence that the model can effectively capture faking and adjust estimates of substantive personality traits for faking. We end the article with a discussion of implications for psychological assessment in organizational contexts.
Make Your Future Job Matter: A Career Calling Intervention for College Students
Authors: Beloborodova Polina , Leontiev Dmitry A.
Published: September 2023

In recent years, psychology scholars and general public are increasingly interested in the concept of career calling. However, the psychological mechanisms underlying the process of its discernment remain obscure, and intervention research on calling is scarce. In this study, we implemented a 2×2 quasi-experimental repeated measures research design with intervention (N = 42) and control group (N = 66) to test a nine-week elective course designed to help university students to find their callings. The course included investigation of strengths, values, and interests, followed by their integration into personal mission and finding occupations that allowed to implement it in real life (potential callings). Consistent with the hypotheses, the sense of both having and living a calling significantly increased in the intervention group, while the effect on searching for a calling was not significant. The intervention also had a positive effect on life meaningfulness and feelings of authenticity.
PARASITISATION POTENTIAL OF EGG AND LARVAL PARASITOIDS AGAINST LESSER WAX MOTH Achroia grisella F. (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) UNDER STORED CONDITION
Authors: Sabatına Paulraj , Umapathy Govindasamy , Saravanan Pernamallur Ayyaswami
Published: September 2023

The study conducted to evaluate the parasitisation potential of egg (Trichogramma chilonis Ishii) and larval parasitoids (Bracon brevicornis Wesmael and Apanteles galleriae Wilkinson) on the developmental stages of lesser wax moth, Achroia grisella F. The results indicated that a maximum parasitisation of 46.67% was noticed on egg masses released with seven pairs of T. chilonis, with an overall mean of 28.89 % and also the adult emergence was recorded about 59.49 %. Among the two larval parasitoids taken, the per cent parasitisation of lesser wax moth larvae by A. galleriae was maximum (38.68% overall mean) than by B. brevicornis (33.14%) with a mean adult emergence of 71.16% and 64.78% respectively.
Long-Term Remissions in Patients with Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Following High-Dose Chemotherapy, Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation (ASCT) and Subsequent Radiotherapy
Authors: Metzner Bernd , Metzner Bernd , Welzel Jutta , H. Müller Thomas , Casper Jochen , Kimmich Christoph , K. Petershofen Eduard , Thole Ruth , Voss Andreas , Willborn Kay , Henning Köhne Claus
Published: September 2023

Purpose: The prognosis of patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma and missing complete remission or relapsing before ASCT is assessed to be unfavourable. The aim of this study is to contribute data to the open question, whether additional radiotherapy improves the outcome.
Patients and Methods: Forty-eight patients with peripheral T-cell-lymphoma were treated in our institution with high-dose therapy (usually BEAM protocol) and ASCT (age median 54 years, range 19-77). Twenty-five patients received ASCT in first treatment line, 13 in second line, 10 in third line (all refractory to 2nd-line salvage therapy). Seven of these 48 patients received radiotherapy (36-40 Gy, median 36) after ASCT.
Results: Five-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) after 1st-line ASCT and 2nd-line ASCT were 59% and 50%, respectively, and after 3rd-line ASCT significantly lower with 30% and 30%, respectively. Twenty-one patients achieved a sustained complete remission of 2.7 - 22.7 years (median 5.8). No patient relapsed after radiotherapy.
Conclusion: Sustained long-term remissions can be achieved in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma following ASCT in first, second or third treatment line. Early irradiation after ASCT can possibly consolidate remission in localized residual or refractory disease.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN KEAMANAN DAN KETERTIBAN MASYARAKAT DI DESA JATIKALANG KRIAN
Authors: Nurany Fierda , Yuliasari Vicy , Putri Manggariska , Syecha N R , Muhammad A A , Dean Alvito
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kebijakan Kamtivas diterapkan di Desa Jatikalang Krian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasilnya adalah 1) pemerintah desa dan Bhabinkamtima tidak mengkomunikasikan dan menyebarluaskan kebijakan Kamtibmas, 2) tidak memiliki sumber daya yang cukup untuk mendukung pelaksanaan kebijakan, dan 3) pelaksana tidak membuat komitmen serius untuk melaksanakan kebijakan. 4) Penyelenggara tidak memahami dengan baik kebijakan Forum Kamtibmas. Penentu bagaimana kebijakan Kamtibmas dilaksanakan adalah: 1) pemerintah desa dan Bhabinkamtibmas tidak berkomunikasi dan mensosialisasikan dengan baik tentang kebijakan Kamtibmas, 2) tidak ada sumber daya yang cukup untuk mendukung pelaksanaan kebijakan tersebut, 3) pelaksana tidak melakukan upaya serius untuk melaksanakan kebijakan Kamtibmas di desa Jatibmas,  dan 4) penegak tidak memahami dengan baik kebijakan Forum Kamtibmas. Faktor-faktor yang menentukan pelaksanaan kebijakan Kamtibmas meliputi 1) komitmen, 2) sumber daya dan pendanaan, dan 3) komunikasi dan sosialisasi. Pemerintah desa dan Bhabinkamtibmas meningkatkan komunikasi dan sosialisasi terkait kebijakan Kamtibmas. 2) Terdapat sumber daya yang cukup untuk mendukung pelaksanaan kebijakan Kamtibmas. 3) Operator berkomitmen terhadap pelaksanaan kebijakan Kamtibmas dan 4) Implementer memahami kebijakan Forum Kamtibmas dengan tepat
STRATEGI GURU DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT MEMBACA SISWA SD NEGERI 2 TAMBANG ULANG
Authors: Faridah Siti , Saputra Ridho Indra , Ramadhani Muhammad Ihsan
Published: September 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggali cara guru meningkatkan minat membaca menggunakan metode pembelajaran kelompok . Teknik pengumpulan data yang dipergunakan pada penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah guru, kepala sekolah dan operator sekolah. Teknik keabsahan data digunakan triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian ini  menunjukkan bahwa kerjasama dalam kelompok dapat merangsang diskusi yang menghidupkan materi bacaan, memicu minat dan rasa ingin tahu siswa terhadap buku, serta mengembangkan keterampilan berbicara dan mendengarkan. Diskusi kelompok membantu siswa dalam mengidentifikasi makna teks, menghubungkan informasi, dan merangsang refleksi kritis. Selain itu, interaksi dengan teman sekelas mendorong pembentukan lingkungan yang mendukung minat membaca. Penelitian ini memberikan gambaran yang mendalam tentang  metode pembelajaran kelompok yang dapat meningkatkan minat membaca siswa SD, menciptakan lingkungan yang mendukung, kolaboratif, dan interaktif.  Implikasi dari temuan ini adalah bahwa pendekatan ini berpotensi meningkatkan literasi siswa melalui interaksi sosial. Metode pembelajaran kelompok berkontribusi positif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konten teks dan menumbuhkan minat membaca. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan penting bagi guru dan praktisi dalam memperkaya metode pembelajaran di tingkat SD.
Effect of Heterogeneity on Recovery Factor for Carbonate Reservoirs. A Case Study for Mishrif Formation in West Qurna Oilfield, Southern Iraq
Authors: Al-Dujaili Ahmed N. , Shabani Mehdi , S. AL-Jawad Mohammed
Published: September 2023

Oil recovery could be impacted by the relation between vertical permeability (Kv) and horizontal permeability (Kh) (Kv/Kh). 4816 plugs that have been getting hold of 18 wells of Mishrif formation in the West Qurna oilfield were used. Kv/Kh data provided some scatter, but the mean is ~1. Kv/Kh =1 was used for the Petrel model before upscaling according to the heterogeneity of each layer.
Kv/Kh values for Mishrif Formation in West Qurna Oilfield are 0.8 for relatively homogeneous, 0.4 for heterogeneous rock, and 0.1 for cap rocks (CRII).
   Eclipse TM was used for reservoir simulation. PVT and SCAL data enhanced the simulation process.  The results showed that the reduction of Kv/Kh to 0.9 for the mA unit would reduce the recovery factor (RF) by ~0.9% and continuing lowering would reduce RF more, while the same reduction would reduce RF by ~1% in the mB1 unit. The reduction would be 0.8, which increases RF by ~0.5% for the mB2U unit, while there was no effect on RF in the CRII unit whatever the reductions.
Preparation and Characterization of a Hierarchically Porous Zeolite-Carbon Composite from Economical Materials and Green Method
Authors: Ibrahim Nargis H. , Al-Jubouri Sama M. , Alfutimie Abdullatif
Published: September 2023

A hierarchically porous structured zeolite composite was synthesized from NaX zeolite supported on carbonaceous porous material produced by thermal treatment for plum stones which is an agro-waste. This kind of inorganic-organic composite has an improved performance because bulky molecules can easily access the micropores due to the short diffusion path to the active sites which means a higher diffusion rate. The composite was prepared using a green synthesis method, including an eco-friendly polymer to attach NaX zeolite on the carbon surface by phase inversion. The synthesized composite was characterized using X-ray diffraction spectrometry, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, N2-adsorption/desorption isotherm, and point of zero charges. The results showed that the composite had a surface area of 208.463 m2/g, a pore volume of 0.122 cm3/g, distinct morphology, and functional groups. Also, its pHpzc was 6.9 above which its surface has a positive charge and below 6.9 it is charged negatively. This property determines the composite sorption property in the removal of pollutants from wastewater.
Removal of Lead Ions from Wastewater by using a Local Adsorbent from Charring Tea Wastes
Authors: Abd AL-Hussain Zahraa Kadhim , M. Abdul-Hameed Hayder
Published: September 2023

Adsorption of lead ions from wastewater by native agricultural waste, precisely tea waste. After the activation and carbonization of tea waste, there was a substantial improvement in surface area and other physical characteristics which include density, bulk density, and porosity. FTIR analysis indicates that the functional groups in tea waste adsorbent are aromatic and carboxylic. It can be concluded that the tea waste could be a good sorbent for the removal of Lead ions from wastewater. Different dosages of the adsorbents were used in the batch studies. A random series of experiments indicated a removal degree efficiency of lead reaching (95 %) at 5 ppm optimum concentration, with adsorbents R2 =97.75% for tea. Three models (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin) have been used to show which is the best operation. It was found that tea waste has an adsorption capacity (qmax) equal to 2.7972 (mg/g). Equilibrium data fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm because Freundlich assumptions are more suitable to represent the relationship between adsorbent and adsorbate. Two Kinetic Models were applied (first order, and second order) for this study. The adsorption kinetics was investigated and the best fit was achieved by a first-order equation with R2= 95.91%.
Nonoperative versus operative management of type II odontoid fracture in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Avila Mauricio J. , Farber S. Harrison , Rabah Nicholas M. , Hopp Morgan J. , Chapple Kristina M. , Hurlbert R. John , Tumialán Luis M.
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE

Odontoid fractures are the most common fracture of the cervical spine in adults older than 65 years of age. Fracture management remains controversial, given the inherently increased surgical risks in older patients. The objective of this study was to compare fusion rates and outcomes between operative and nonoperative treatments of type II odontoid fractures in the older population.

METHODS

A systematic literature review was performed to identify studies reporting the management of type II odontoid fractures in patients older than 65 years from database inception to September 2022. A meta-analysis was performed to compare rates of fusion, stable and unstable nonunion, mortality, and complication.

RESULTS

Forty-six articles were included in the final review. There were 2822 patients included in the different studies (48.9% female, 51.1% male), with a mean ± SD age of 81.5 ± 3.6 years. Patients in the operative group were significantly younger than patients in the nonoperative group (81.5 ± 3.5 vs 83.4 ± 2.5 years, p < 0.001). The overall (operative and nonoperative patients) fusion rate was 52.9% (720/1361). The fusion rate was higher in patients who underwent surgery (74.3%) than in those who underwent nonoperative management (40.3%) (OR 4.27, 95% CI 3.36–5.44). The likelihood of stable or unstable nonunion was lower in patients who underwent surgery (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.28–0.49 vs OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.22–0.47). Overall, 4.8% (46/964) of nonoperatively managed patients subsequently required surgery due to treatment failure. Patient mortality across all studies was 16.6% (452/2721), lower in the operative cohort (13.2%) than the nonoperative cohort (19.0%) (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.52–0.80). Complications were more likely in patients who underwent surgery (26.0% vs 18.5%) (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.23–1.95). Length of stay was also higher with surgery (13.6 ± 3.8 vs 8.1 ± 1.9 days, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients older than 65 years of age with type II odontoid fractures had higher fusion rates when treated with surgery and higher stable nonunion rates when managed nonoperatively. Complications and length of stay were higher in the surgical cohort. Mortality rates were lower in patients managed with surgery, but this phenomenon could be related to surgical selection bias. Fewer than 5% of patients who underwent nonoperative treatment required revision surgery due to treatment failure, suggesting that stable nonunion is an acceptable treatment goal.
Middle meningeal artery embolization as standalone treatment versus combined with surgical evacuation for chronic subdural hematomas: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Huanwen , Colasurdo Marco , Kan Peter T.
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE

Middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) is a novel treatment for chronic subdural hematomas (cSDHs) with high variability of use across practitioners and institutions. This study sought to investigate whether standalone MMAE may be an effective alternative to combined MMAE and surgery for select patients with cSDH.

METHODS

The authors searched the Medline and Embase databases for studies reporting outcomes specific to standalone MMAE and combined MMAE and surgery. The Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool was used to assess risk of bias in each included study. Patient characteristics were compared between cohorts, and rates of surgical recurrence of standalone MMAE and combined MMAE and surgery were pooled using random-effects models.

RESULTS

Four hundred two unique patients (156 with standalone MMAE and 246 with combined MMAE and surgery) were identified across 8 studies. Overall, the subdural thickness for the standalone MMAE group was modestly but statistically significantly smaller (16.8 vs 18.8 mm, estimated p value 0.002), and the mean follow-up time was significantly longer for the standalone MMAE group (5.4 vs 2.3 months, estimated p value < 0.001); there were no significant differences between age, sex, and anticoagulant use. The surgical recurrence rates were not significantly different between the two groups (estimated p value 0.63). Using random-effects models, the surgical recurrence rates were estimated at 6.8% (95% CI 3.5%–11.2%) and 4.6% (95% CI 2.3%–7.7%) for standalone MMAE and combined MMAE and surgery, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Standalone MMAE for cSDH may yield a low rate of surgical recurrence, which may be comparable to that of combined MMAE and surgery. However, studies in this systematic review and meta-analysis were primarily single-arm studies prone to treatment bias. Future studies are needed to further investigate whether standalone MMAE may be an effective alternative to combined MMAE and surgical treatment for cSDH in select patients.
Analysis of visual impairment score in a series of 48 tuberculum sellae meningiomas operated on via the endoscopic endonasal approach
Authors: Bove Ilaria , Solari Domenico , Colangelo Manuel , Fabozzi Gianluca Lorenzo , Esposito Felice , Tranfa Fausto , Cappabianca Paolo , Cavallo Luigi Maria
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE

Tuberculum sellae meningioma (TSM) represents a complex skull base tumor. The primary goals of surgical treatment are represented by maximal safe resection and visual recovery; therefore, appropriate patient selection is critical to optimize results. In the last 2 decades, the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has appeared as a successful and viable strategy for the management of these tumors. The authors identified preoperative factors associated with extent of resection and visual outcome after EEA for TSM.

METHODS

In this retrospective cohort study, the authors analyzed patients who underwent extended endoscopic endonasal surgery for TSM between January 2005 and April 2022 at the Division of Neurosurgery, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy. Tumor size, vessel encasement, and optic canal involvement were classified according to University of California, San Francisco, score. Visual acuity and visual fields were analyzed according to the visual impairment score (VIS), defined as a four-level classification: grade 1 (VIS 0–25), grade 2 (VIS 26–50), grade 3 (VIS 51–75), and grade 4 (VIS 76–100). Ophthalmological functions were tested preoperatively and during the early postoperative period (within 6 months after surgery) and late postoperative period.

RESULTS

A total of 48 patients were enrolled. Forty-one (85.4%) patients experienced blurred vision or visual field defect as a presenting sign. Gross-total resection was achieved in 40 (83.3%), near-total resection in 2 (4.2%), and subtotal resection in 6 (12.5%). Visual defect improved in 82.9% (34/41) of cases, 12.2% (5/41) had no significant changes, and 2.4% (1/41) had worsened visual defect. The mean change in VIS was 42% (95% CI 58.77–31.23). Visual outcome was poorer when preoperative VIS (VIS-pre) was greater than 25 (p = 0.02). Six postoperative CSF leaks occurred (12.5%), and 1 patient (2.1%) required revision surgery.

CONCLUSIONS

The EEA is a safe and effective approach for TSM removal, with the advantage of preserving optic apparatus vascularization, and can promote gross-total resection and visual improvement. The authors have defined four categories based on VIS that relate to postoperative outcome: the lower the VIS-pre, the higher the rate of postoperative VIS improvement. This finding may be useful for predicting a patient’s visual outcome at the preoperative stage.
Formulation of Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polirhizus) and Rambutan Fruit (Nephleum lappaceum) in Jelly Candy
Authors: Baihaqi Muhammad Imam , Sari Desy Ambar , Ihromi Syirril
Published: September 2023

Jelly candy is a soft-textured confectionary processed with the addition of hydrocolloid components such as agar, gum, pectin, starch, carrageenan, gelatin, or others used to produce a chewy product. This study aims to determine the formulation of dragon fruit pulp and rambutan fruit on the chemical and organoleptic properties of jelly candy that the panelists like. The method used in this study was an experimental method using a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, namely the formulation of dragon fruit pulp and rambutan fruit in the manufacture of jelly candy which consisted of 5 treatments: T1 = 80% dragon fruit pulp + 20% fruit pulp rambutan, T2 = 70% dragon fruit pulp + 30% rambutan fruit pulp, T3 = 50% dragon fruit pulp + 50% rambutan fruit pulp, T4 = 30% dragon fruit pulp + 70% rambutan fruit pulp, T5 = 20% fruit pulp dragon + 80% rambutan pulp. The research data were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance of Diversity Analysis at the 5% significance level. Further tests were carried out with the Honest Significant Difference test at the 5% level. In conclusion, the best treatment was T2 (70% dragon fruit pulp + 30% rambutan pulp) with a moisture content of 44.515%, ash content of 0.385%, antioxidant content of 3.61%, reducing sugar content of 3.24%, aroma value score of 4, 13 with liking criteria, a color score of 4.13 with liking criteria, a very purplish red score, a texture score of 4.20 with supple criteria, and a taste score of 3.27 with rather like criteria.
Pengaruh Leverage, Corporate Governance, dan Komite Audit Terhadap Integritas Laporan Keuangan Pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Batu Bara di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Febriansyah Andika , Salmah Ninin Non Ayu , Putra Andri Eko
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine the effect of leverage, corporate governance and audit committee on the integrity of financial statements in coal sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population of this research is all coal sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2020 period consisting of 24 companies. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling method, with a final sample of 20 companies. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS program.The results of this study conclude that leverage, corporate governance and the audit committee have a significant and partial effect on the integrity of the financial statements of coal sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.

Keywords: Leverage, Corporate Governance, Audit Committee, Financial Report Integrity.

 

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh leverage, corporate governance dan komite audit terhadap integritas laporan keuangan pada perusahaan sub sektor batubara yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan sub sektor Batubara yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2020 terdiri dari 24 perusahaan. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling, dengan jumlah sampel akhir sebanyak 20 perusahaan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda menggunakan program SPSS. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan leverage, corporate governance dan komite audit berpengaruh signifikan secara bersama dan parsial terhadap integritas laporan keuangan pada perusahaan sub sektor batubara yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia.

Kata kunci: Leverage, Corporate Governance, Komite Audit, Integritas Laporan Keuangan.
Analisis Kinerja Pendapatan Pajak Daerah Pada Badan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (BAPENDA) Kota Palembang Periode 2014-2022
Authors: Mahandra Resa , Nurmala Nurmala , Hendri Edduar
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of the Palembang City Regional Revenue Agency (BAPENDA) Office for the 2014-2022 period which was analyzed in the 2014-2022 Budget Performance Report. The method used in this research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. From the results of the discussion of the analysis of variance in 2014 to 2022, it can be concluded that the average local tax revenue of 95.08% is still below 100%. This means that the Palembang City Regional Revenue Agency (BAPENDA) is very efficient. When the calculations are analyzed from the growth analysis, it appears that revenue cannot be realized according to the budget target. On the other hand, revenue growth is based on budget realization for the 2014-2022 period. The average growth rate is 36.55%, slightly less efficient.

Keywords: Analisis varians, pertumbuhan penjualan

 

ABSTRAK

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja pada Kantor Badan Pendapatan Daerah (BAPENDA) Kota Palembang periode 2014-2022 yang dianalisis dalam Laporan Kinerja Anggaran Tahun 2014-2022. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Dari hasil pembahasan hasil analisis varian pada tahun 2014 sampai dengan tahun 2022 diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa rata-rata sebesar pendapatan pajak daerah sebesar 95,08% ternyata masih dibawah 100%. Artinya, Badan Pendapatan Daerah (BAPENDA) Kota Palembang sangat efisien. Ketika perhitungan dianalisis dari analisis pertumbuhan, terlihat bahwa pendapatan tidak dapat direalisasikan sesuai dengan target anggaran. Sebaliknya, pertumbuhan pendapatan berdasarkan realisasi anggaran periode 2014-2022. Tingkat pertumbuhan rata-rata adalah 36,55%, sedikit kurang efisien.

Kata kunci: Analisis varians, pertumbuhan pendapatan.