bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intranets: a key element in a company's e‐business strategy
Authors: Mockler Robert J. , Gartenfeld Marc E.
Published: March 2009

This paper provides an overview of one of the fastest growing segments of the Web environment — the Intranet.

It discusses what an Intranet is (definition), its uses and benefits (both general and specific), its challenges and critical issues (both organizational and technical), as well as current and future trends (both short‐term and mid‐ to long‐term).

It uses company examples.

It highlights the position and vital role the Intranet plays as part of a company's e‐business strategy to highlight additional benefits and trends.

Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of thermodynamic pKa values of benzimidazole and benzimidazole derivatives by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Jerez Gilberto , Kaufman Gregory , Prystai Michael , Schenkeveld Sonja , Donkor Kingsley K.
Published: March 2009

Thermodynamic pKa values for benzimidazole and several substituted benzimidazoles were determined by CE. Electrophoretic mobilities of benzimidazoles were determined by CE at different pH levels and ionic strengths. The dependence of electrophoretic mobilities on pH was used to obtain pKa values at different ionic strengths. Extrapolations to zero ionic strength were used to determine the thermodynamic pKa values. Using this method the thermodynamic pKa values of 15 benzimidazoles were determined and found to range from 4.48 to 7.38. Results from the CE measurements were compared with spectrophotometric measurements which were evaluated at wavelengths where the highest absorbance difference for varying pH was recorded. The two analytical techniques were in good agreement.
Simultaneous determination of seven fluoroquinolones in royal jelly by ultrasonic‐assisted extraction and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection
Authors: Zhou Jinhui , Xue Xiaofeng , Chen Fang , Zhang Jinzhen , Li Yi , Wu Liming , Chen Lanzhen , Zhao Jing
Published: March 2009

A method for the quantitative determination of seven fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents (FQs) used in beekeeping, viz. ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and difloxacin, in royal jelly samples was developed on the basis of high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Sample preparation included deproteination, ultrasonic‐assisted extraction with a mixed inorganic solution of monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (Na2EDTA), and clean‐up on a solid‐phase extraction cartridge. The extraction procedure was optimized with regard to the amount of inorganic solvent and the duration of sonication for royal jelly as a complicated matrix. Overall recoveries for FQs ranged from 85.9 to 99.1% for royal jelly with standard deviations between 2.79 and 6.27%. Limits of quantification were 2–40 ng/g for seven FQs in royal jelly. A total of 57 real royal jelly samples collected from beekeepers and supermarkets were analyzed. The three most abundant honeybee‐use FQs, i. e. ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and norfloxacin, were determined in some royal jelly samples in concentrations ranging from 11.9 to 55.6 ng/g. Unexpectedly, however, difloxacin was found at concentrations of about 46.8 ng/g in one sample although it is rarely used in beekeeping. The presented method was successfully applied to quantify FQs in real royal jelly samples.
Macromol. Chem. Phys. 6/2009
Authors: Nakajima Hajime , Wataoka Isao , Ohara Hitomi , Kimura Yoshiharu
Published: March 2009

Cover: The unique crystallosolvate consisting of large spherulite of PLLA was exclusively generated in powder form. It was revealed that the crystallosolvate consisted of PLLA crystal lamellars having the highly ordered crystal structure (α‐form) and that DE was involved in the amorphous domains sandwiched between the PLLA crystal lamellars. Further details can be found in the article by H. Nakajima, I. Wataoka, H. Ohara, Y. Kimura* on page 440.
Selection for the G4 DNA motif at the 5′ end of human genes
Authors: Eddy Johanna , Maizels Nancy
Published: March 2009

Formation of G4 DNA may occur in the course of replication and transcription, and contribute to genomic instability. We have quantitated abundance of G4 motifs and potential for G4 DNA formation of the nontemplate strand of 5′ exons and introns of transcripts of human genes. We find that, for all human genes, G4 motifs are enriched in 5′ regions of transcripts relative to downstream regions; and in 5′ regulatory regions relative to coding regions. Notably, although tumor suppressor genes are depleted and proto‐oncogenes enriched in G4 motifs, abundance of G4 motifs in the 5′ regions of transcripts of genes in these categories does not differ. These results support the hypothesis that G4 motifs are under selection in the human genome. They further show that for tumor suppressor genes and proto‐oncogenes, independent selection determines potential for G4 DNA formation of 5′ regulatory regions of transcripts and downstream coding regions. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proposed neuroimaging criteria for the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy
Authors: Brooks David J. , Seppi Klaus ,   for the Neuroimaging Working Group on MSA
Published: March 2009

In this article, we review the state of the art knowledge concerning structural and functional imaging in multiple system atrophy (MSA). The relative value of imaging modalities in the differential diagnosis of MSA from other parkinsonian syndromes is debated. It is concluded that, although neuroimaging biomarkers provide valuable supportive data alongside clinical assessments, it is not possible to use them as surrogate markers. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Sensory functions in dystonia: Insights from behavioral studies
Authors: Tinazzi Michele , Fiorio Mirta , Fiaschi Antonio , Rothwell John C. , Bhatia Kailash P.
Published: March 2009

The pathophysiology of primary dystonia is thought to involve dysfunction of the basal ganglia cortico‐striatal‐thalamo‐cortical motor circuits. In the past, emphasis was placed on the role of the basal ganglia in controlling movements; in more recent times, however, it has also become clear that they play an important part in sensory as well as cognitive functions. Here, we review evidence for dysfunction of sensory processing in patients with dystonia, and speculate that this may lead to abnormalities in a crucial role of the basal ganglia that links sensory information to appropriate motor output. Sensory function, particularly in the somatosensory domain, has been shown to be compromised in patients with primary dystonia, both in adult onset focal dystonia and in genetically characterized DYT1 dystonia. Given that nonaffected DYT1 gene carriers may show similar abnormalities to clinically affected individuals, sensory deficits could constitute a subclinical endophenotypic trait of disease that precedes overt clinical manifestations. Whether they can trigger primary dystonia or are an epiphenomenon is an issue warranting further study, but the fact that a number of different neurorehabilitative approaches explicitly manipulate somatosensory inputs to improve motor function suggests there may be a causal link between them. We believe that in future, randomized, blind and controlled studies in large patient populations should address this issue, providing efficient strategies to aid functional recovery, particularly in focal hand dystonia, where the available medical treatments offer little benefit. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Microsurgical replantation of a partial helix of the ear
Authors: Kim Kwang Seog , Kim Eui Sik , Hwang Jae Ha , Lee Sam Yong
Published: March 2009

Microsurgical ear replantation is a significant challenge because vessel sizes are diminutive. Furthermore, as ear vessels are larger in the medial portion than in the lateral portion, microsurgical replantation of a replant including only the helix is extremely difficult. The authors replanted a partial helix of the ear using a single arterial anastomosis. As no suitable veins could be identified, medicinal leech therapy and systemic heparinization were used to achieve venous drainage. The replanted helix survived completely and the cosmetic result was excellent. Microsurgical replantation should be considered the treatment of choice in helix amputation cases, even though amount of replant is small. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2009.
A novel composite right/left‐handed transmission line with zero‐order resonant frequency
Authors: Zhang Ya‐Nan , Wu Di , Zhu Hongbo , Chen Bing‐Hui
Published: March 2009

In this letter, a novel zero‐order‐resonant composite right/left‐handed transmission line (CRLH‐TL) is investigated and its equivalent circuit is proposed. Both the numerical simulations and the theoretical analysis show that the zero‐order resonant frequency occurs at 1.42 GHz, due to introduction of the spiral inductor, and the stop band between the left‐handed pass band and the right‐handed one disappears. We measure experimentally the five‐stage CRLH‐TL. The measurement results are in agreement with those of the simulations and theory. The CRLH‐TL with zero‐order resonant has potential for applications in miniaturization of microwave devices. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1592–1595, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24342
On the effects of the radial basis function scale parameter on the numerical solution of partial differential equations
Authors: Hutchcraft W. Elliott , Gordon Richard K.
Published: March 2009

Radial Basis Functions have received significant attention in the scientific literature over the past several years. Specifically, they have been investigated extensively in the field of neural networks. They have been shown to have very good interpolation qualities and this property has led to the research presented in this letter. In this letter, radial basis functions are used in a meshless method using collocation to solve a simple electromagnetics problem; the main intent of this letter is to investigate the effects of the variation of the scale parameter present in the radial basis function. In particular, we will see its effects upon both the condition number of the resulting matrix and the solution accuracy. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed method will be discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1520–1524, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24347
A fully integrated 2.4‐GHz CMOS RF transceiver for low‐rate wireless sensor networks
Authors: Kwon Ickjin , Song Seong‐Sik , Eo Yunseong
Published: March 2009

This article describes a low‐power and low‐cost fully integrated 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4 RF transceiver for low‐rate wireless sensor networks. The RF transceiver adopts the single‐IF direct‐conversion architecture. For the high linearity, the RF receiver front end utilizes the current mirror amplifier as well as the transconductance linearization technique. The single‐IF I/Q modulation transmitter is integrated with the current‐mode analog baseband circuit and up‐mixer using the current mirror amplifier. The frequency synthesizer based on an integer‐N PLL topology offering 1.92 GHz differential and 0.48 GHz quadrature LO signals is also integrated on the RF transceiver. The fully integrated transceiver is fabricated in a 0.18‐μm CMOS technology and its die size is 3.7 mm × 3.6 mm including ESD I/O pads. It achieves the −94 dBm receiver sensitivity, 8 dB receiver chain noise figure, and maximum transmitter output power of 1 dBm while drawing power consumption of 31 mW in the receive mode and 42 mW in the transmit mode with the 1.8 V supply. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1481–1487, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24349
A 42‐GHz transmitter linearization using predistortion IF amplifier
Authors: Tsai Jeng‐Han
Published: March 2009

This article presents a millimeter‐wave (MMW) transmitter linearization using predistortion IF amplifier. The predistortion IF amplifier was designed in 0.18‐μm CMOS technology at 2.4 GHz. It can provide predistortion function at IF port to linearize the whole MMW transmitter. The 42‐GHz transmitter module is custom design. After linearization, 8 dB ACPR improvement of the 42‐GHz MMW transmitter module can be achieved. The linear output power of the 42‐GHz transmitter module has been increased 2 dBm for the same linearity requirements. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1450–1452, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24351
Hearing aid‐compatible internal penta‐band antenna for clamshell mobile phone
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Tu Ming‐Fang
Published: March 2009

This article presents a promising internal penta‐band antenna for the clamshell mobile phone to meet the hearing aid compatibility (HAC) standard ANSI C63.19‐2006. The antenna is an ultra‐wideband (UWB) coupled‐fed loop antenna to be mounted at the hinge of the clamshell mobile phone. Over the five operating bands of GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS covered by the antenna, the near‐field distributions and their E‐field and H‐field strengths on the 50 × 50 mm2 reference plane centered 10 mm above the center of the acoustic output of the mobile phone are evaluated. From the obtained near‐field strengths, all the five operating bands fall into the M3 or M4 category, making the mobile phone with the studied internal antenna as a hearing aid‐compatible wireless device. Effects of various groundplane lengths of the mobile phone on the HAC results are also analyzed. In addition, the mobile phone with the studied internal antenna also meets the specific absorption rate (SAR) limit of 1.6 W/kg for the 1 g head tissue or 2.0 W/kg for the 10 g head tissue. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1408–1413, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24353
Design of a CMOS LNA with an integrated on‐chip filter for DVB‐S applications
Authors: Yang Chin‐Lung
Published: March 2009

A low noise amplifier (LNA) and a lumped‐element Chebychev‐type bandpass filter (BPF) co‐design, intended for using in digital video broadcasting satellite (DVB‐S), which were fabricated in the TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology is presented. The two‐stage LNA is constructed based on the source‐degenerated cascode topology for its superior noise performance and reverse isolation. Moreover, a miniaturized BPF with one transmission zero is connected to the output of the LNA that helps to improve the rejection level in the lower stopband. Experiment results demonstrated a good out‐band suppressed below 60 dB at 7.2 GHz, a maximum power gain of 12 dB, a minimum NF of 4.78 dB, and an IIP3 of −1 dBm while drawing 9.4 mA from a 1.8 V supply. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1580–1584, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24355
Synergistic digital predistorter based on a low memory power amplifier for wideband linearization
Authors: Kim Jangheon , Moon Junghwan , Kim Ildu , Kim Jungjoon , Kim Bumman
Published: March 2009

We investigate on linearization performance of a digital predistortion (DPD) linearization technique based on the low memory power amplifier (PA) for wideband signals. The low memory PA is implemented using a 90W PEP LDMOSFET at 2.14 GHz, and an envelope short matching topology is applied at the active ports to minimize memory effects. To explore memory effects of the implemented amplifier, the amplifier is tested through two‐tone signals (up to 20 MHz tone spacing). The proposed DPD technique is compared with DPD technique based on a PA exhibiting serious memory effects for a forward‐link WCDMA 3FA signal with 15‐MHz bandwidth. The experimental result shows that the proposed DPD scheme has better linearization performance than the conventional digital predistorter and lower computational complexity over the conventional wideband digital predistorters. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1548–1552, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24357
A comparison of single mode and multimode fiber links for use in wireless‐over‐fiber systems
Authors: Sittakul V. , Cryan M. J.
Published: March 2009

This article compares the performance of standard single mode fiber (SMF) with 62.5/125 μm multimode fiber (MMF) for radio‐over‐fiber links using 850 nm multimode vertical cavity surface emitting lasers. The results show SMF links suffer from a coupling loss of 15.3 dB which is compensated by the low loss of SMF compared to MMF in the 2.4–5 GHz radio band. Standard SMF is not single moded at 850 nm and mode filters are employed to obtain a smooth modulation response. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1445–1449, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24362
Implementation of dynamic Hadamard diffuser as a frequency selective surface for W‐band active millimeter wave imaging
Authors: Islam Saiful , Stiens Johan , Jaeger Irina , Poesen Gert , Vounckx Roger
Published: March 2009

We present the design, construction and testing of dynamic 2 × 2 Hadamard diffuser used to reduce speckle, produced by coherent millimeter‐wave sources in active imaging. The 1's and −1's binary entities of the Hadamard matrix constitute the inputs for the construction of sets of orthogonal matrix pattern, corresponding to illumination patterns. The sequence of orthogonal phase patterns was obtained by changing the frequency of the incident beam. Hadamard phase cells were designed on a single wafer considering three grounded sub‐arrays of different slot lengths for the first three quadrants and the artificial magnetic conductor for the last quadrant. We designed the FSS arrays with the finite integral technique, fabricated with etching techniques, and characterized the vector S‐parameters with a free space network analyzer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1440–1445, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24363
An extremely miniaturized microstrip branch‐line coupler
Authors: Nosrati Mehdi
Published: March 2009

In this letter, an extremely miniaturized branch‐line coupler (BLC) operating at 0.9 GHz is analyzed, designed, and introduced to enhance the bandwidth accompanied by highly size reduction without via‐holes, multilayered technique, and air‐bridged. A combination of a simple low‐pass and band‐stop filters is proposed to increase isolation between BLC's ports. This model is equaled by a quarter‐wavelength line and necessary equations are obtained using even and odd modes analysis. A compact BLC is designed and tested using this technique. It is shown that the proposed BLC works as well as conventional ones though with size reduction of about 74% and 4.5% enhancement in bandwidth in analogy with recent branch‐line coupler. The measurement results are in good agreement with the theoretical. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1403–1406, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24365
End‐coupled microstrip slow‐wave resonator filtlers using high‐permittivity ceramic substrate
Authors: Huang Cheng‐Liang , Liu Shih‐Sheng
Published: March 2009

The miniaturization of end‐coupled microstrip slow‐wave resonator filters using two high‐permittivity ceramic substrates (with respective dielectric constants of 9.7 and 25.45) were investigated. The designed end‐coupled structures were simulated using an IE3D simulator. The responses of the fabricated filters using Al2O3 (εr = 9.7, tan δ = 0.000036) and newly developed 0.85MgTiO3‐0.15Ca0.6La0.8/3TiO3 (εr = 25.45, tan δ = 0.00002) ceramic substrates were designed to have a center frequency of 1.8 GHz. The proposed filter showed not only a tremendous reduction in the insertion loss but also demonstrates a marvelous cut in its size. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1613–1615, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24366
Printed ultra‐wide band microstrip‐line fed slot antenna with a band‐notched function
Authors: Gao Guo‐Ping , Zhang Jin‐Sheng , Jin Tian
Published: March 2009

A novel printed ultra‐wide band microstrip‐line fed slot antenna with a band‐notched function suitable for ultra‐wide band application is presented and investigated in this article. The band‐notched characteristic is achieved by inserting a circular arc slot on the circular patch. Experimental results show that the proposed antenna meets the requirement of wide working bandwidth of 3.1–10.6 GHz with VSWR <2, while avoiding the interference with the 5‐GHz wireless local area network band. The magnitude and phase of S21 and group delay are also measured and discussed in this article. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1573–1576, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24368
All‐optical frequency converter based on fiber four‐wave mixing for bidirectional radio‐over‐fiber systems
Authors: Gao Ying , Gao Shiming , Ou Haiyan
Published: March 2009

A frequency up/down‐converter is proposed based on fiber four‐wave‐mixing (FWM) between the output of a dual‐wavelength fiber laser and the modulated optical carrier for bidirection radio‐over‐fiber (RoF) systems. Frequency up‐conversion from 1.50 to 11.08 GHz and down‐conversion from 10.60 to 1.02 GHz are successfully demonstrated and a small efficiency difference between up‐ and down‐conversions has been achieved. A proposal of setting up a bidirectional RoF system based on fiber FWM frequency converter is presented. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1542–1545, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24370
Dual‐band chip antenna design using intercoupling capacitance
Authors: Choi Hyengcheul , Kim Hyeongdong
Published: March 2009

For the dual‐band (GSM/DCS) operation, the second‐order resonance is used to operate in the high frequency range. To control the bandwidth characteristics in each band, an intercoupling capacitance between the radiating elements is utilized to satisfy the bandwidth requirements of GSM (890–960 MHz) and DCS (1710–1880 MHz) cellular communications systems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1467–1470, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24374
A novel compact band‐notched planar monopole antenna from 3 to 40 GHz
Authors: Zhang F. , Zhang F. S. , Zhao G. , Lin C. , Jiao Y. C.
Published: March 2009

A novel and compact ultra‐wideband (UWB) microstrip‐fed monopole antenna with frequency band notch function is presented in this study. Different from the conventional methods, a new method of inserting a lune‐shaped disk into the annular structure to achieve a notched band is proposed in this letter. The center frequency of the notched band can be adjusted with ease by tuning the length of the lune‐shaped disk. The designed antenna satisfies the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) requirement of less than 2.5 in the frequency between 3 and 40 GHz while showing the band rejection performance in the frequency band of 4.65 to 5.81 GHz. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1401–1403, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24377
Analysis of wideband multilayer patch antenna with two parasitic elements
Authors: Ansari J. A. , Singh Prabhakar , Yadav Nagendra P.
Published: March 2009

The analysis of stacked patch antenna with two parasitic elements is presented. The antenna shows improved radiation and directivity by 6.57 dB when compared with single layer patch antenna. The bandwidth of the antenna is found to be dependent on various parameters such as h1, h2, and s. The proposed results are compared with the IE3D simulation and reported experimental results. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1397–1401, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24378
A circular‐disc monopole antenna with band‐rejection function for ultrawideband application
Authors: Sim Chow‐Yen‐Desmond , Chung Wen‐Tsan , Lee Ching‐Her
Published: March 2009

The numerical design method for a microstrip‐fed circular‐disc monopole (CDM) antenna operating within the ultrawideband (UWB) from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz is initially studied. By simply embedding a pair of U‐shaped slots into the ground plane, a band‐rejection (band‐notch) function at around 5 GHz is achieved. For impedance matching and fine tuning of this proposed antenna, a small rectangular slit is inserted at the top centre of the ground plane. Except within the rejection band, the gain and time‐domain characteristics of this antenna has successfully demonstrated that it is applicable to any high data rate short‐range wireless communication system that requires a stable signal transmission in the UWB application. The performances of a common UWB CDM antenna without band‐rejection function and a similar one with a slot loaded in the radiating circular patch are also investigated and compared with the proposed antenna. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1607–1613, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24379
A novel triple‐band microstrip bandpass filter for wireless communication
Authors: Guan Xuehui , Ma Zhewang , Cai Peng
Published: March 2009

A novel triple‐band microstrip bandpass filter is proposed in this article. The first and the third passbands of the filter are realized by the parallel coupled microstrip line, and the second passband is realized by using an end‐coupled microstrip line. Then the resonators are coupled to the same input and output ports. A transmission zero is obtained by using antiparallel microstrip line structure. The measured frequency responses of the fabricated filter agree well with simulated results. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1568–1569, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24382
High‐performance rat‐race hybrid ring for RF communication using MEBE‐on‐microstrip technology
Authors: Zhang Fei
Published: March 2009

This article presents a planar rat‐race hybrid coupler incorporating a novel technique, which is served by a microstrip electromagnetic band‐gap element (MEBE) on microstrip itself for harmonic suppression and size reduction. The MEBE structure can be easily implemented and utilized in PCB process with no additional/rigorous process and no lumped elements and free ground suspend. Based on the measured results, insertion losses of less than 3.5 dB, return loss of 20 dB, isolation of 25 dB, 25 dB suppression for the 2nd harmonic, and 19 dB suppression for the 3rd harmonic are obtained. In addition, without sacrificing the performance, compact rat‐race coupler with 35.38% area relative to conventional design has been successfully realized. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1539–1542, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24383
Investigation of polarization‐dependent loss for a macrobending loss sensitive single‐mode fiber
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Farrell Gerald , Semenova Yuliya , Rajan Ginu
Published: March 2009

An investigation of the polarization dependent loss (PDL) of macrobending loss sensitive single fiber (1060XP) is presented theoretically and experimentally. The experimental results are in good agreement with the modeling outcomes. Through the comparison of experimental results of PDL between 1060XP fiber with coatings and bare 1060XP fiber, it is shown that the fiber coating has significant impact on the PDL of bend loss sensitive single‐mode fiber. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1460–1464, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24388
Bulk and patch ferrite resonator antennas based on the ceramic matrix composite: GdIGx YIG1‐x
Authors: Fechine P. B. A. , Almeida A. F. L. , de Oliveira R. S. , Moretzsohn R. S. T. , Silva R. R. , Sombra A. S. B.
Published: March 2009

In this study, the dielectric properties of the GdIGXYIG1–X ferrite composite material at radio frequency (RF) and microwave frequency bands were studied. These measurements were carried out in different sample geometries: thick films and cylindrical ceramic bulk ferrite resonator. In the RF range, we observed that the material is rather stable because of its short changes as a function of temperature and frequency range. The temperature capacitance coefficient values for all the samples (thick films and cylindrical ceramic bulk samples) presented short positive values at the RF range. The GdIG0.5YIG0.5 thick film was used as a substrate for the microstrip antenna device, where the upper Ag electrode served as a circular patch antenna and a microstrip line was used as a feed line. The microstrip antenna operates in this configuration at 8.185 GHz. In the study of the dielectric properties of the composites antenna geometry, with the same ferrite composite, a bulk cylindrical geometry was investigated. A numerical study, together with the experimental, was done, and the dielectric characteristics of the composite like ϵr, tgδE, and μr were obtained. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1595–1602, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24395
2‐Gb/s all‐optical serial digital‐to‐analog converter
Authors: Gehl M. , Dapkus C. , Granieri S. , Siahmakoun A.
Published: March 2009

A fiber‐optic combined serial‐to‐parallel and digital‐to‐analog converter is proposed and demonstrated. The system is based on bit interleaving and cross‐gain modulation in a semiconductor optical amplifier. The demonstrated 3‐bit digital converter operates at 2 Gb/s, however, the proposed architecture could be easily modified to operate at higher bit‐rates. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1561–1565, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24397
Efficient tensor based FDTD scheme for modeling sloped interfaces in lossy media
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Leong Tan Eng , Ning Chen Zhi
Published: March 2009

This article presents an efficient tensor based finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) scheme for modeling sloped interfaces in lossy media. The formulated scheme achieves its improved efficiency by implicitly solving the internal fields affected by an interface. This permits the reduction of updating coefficients in the scheme. FDTD simulations that are generally used to compute scattering parameters or radar cross sections gain from this implicit computation. The scheme is formulated without assuming any single frequency approximation, previously assumed in the literature. This permits FDTD simulation results over a wide frequency bandwidth in a single FDTD simulation run. To allow a more accurate and conformal approximation, the scheme extends the use of cell filling ratio to lossy media. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1530–1537, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24398
Wideband coplanar waveguide‐fed dual meandered‐strip monopole antenna
Authors: Liu Wen‐Chung , Ko Hong‐Lun
Published: March 2009

A wideband coplanar waveguide (CPW)‐fed monopole antenna is presented, which is derived from a dual folded‐strip antenna. By meandering the folded strips, good antenna performances such as wideband with 4.07 GHz, defined from −10 dB return loss, average gain of ≥4.5 dBi, and stable monopole‐like radiation patterns across the matching band are obtained. The proposed antenna is low‐profile and has a compact size, with, including ground plane, only 15 mm × 20 mm × 1.6 mm, suitable for wideband communication application. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1458–1460, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24401
Neuroimaging of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Le Tuong H. , Gean Alisa D.
Published: March 2009

In this article, the neuroradiological evaluation of traumatic brain injury is reviewed. Different imaging strategies in the assessment of traumatic brain injury are initially discussed, and this is followed by a review of the imaging characteristics of both primary and secondary brain injuries. Computed tomography remains the modality of choice for the initial assessment of acute head injury because it is fast, widely available, and highly accurate in the detection of skull fractures and acute intracranial hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance imaging is recommended for patients with acute traumatic brain injury when the neurological findings are unexplained by computed tomography. Magnetic resonance imaging is also the modality of choice for the evaluation of subacute or chronic traumatic brain injury. Mild traumatic brain injury continues to be difficult to diagnose with current imaging technology. Advanced magnetic resonance techniques, such as diffusion‐weighted imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and magnetization transfer imaging, can improve the identification of traumatic brain injury, especially in the case of mild traumatic brain injury. Further research is needed for other advanced imaging methods such as magnetic source imaging, single photon emission tomography, and positron emission tomography. Mt Sinai J Med 76:145–162, 2009. © 2009 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Greve Mark W. , Zink Brian J.
Published: March 2009

Traumatic brain injury is a major source of death and disability worldwide. Significant success has been achieved in improving short‐term outcomes in severe traumatic brain injury victims; however, there are still great limitations in our ability to return severe traumatic brain injury victims to high levels of functioning. Primary brain injury, due to initial injury forces, causes tissue distortion and destruction in the early postinjury period. Clinical outcomes depend in large part on mediating the bimolecular and cellular changes that occur after the initial injury. These secondary injuries from traumatic brain injury lead to alterations in cell function and propagation of injury through processes such as depolarization, excitotoxicity, disruption of calcium homeostasis, free‐radical generation, blood‐brain barrier disruption, ischemic injury, edema formation, and intracranial hypertension. The best hope for improving outcome in traumatic brain injury patients is a better understanding of these processes and the development of therapies that can limit secondary brain injury. Mt Sinai J Med 76:97–104, 2009. © 2009 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Severe traumatic brain injury: maximizing outcomes
Authors: Tang Mary E. , Lobel Darlene A.
Published: March 2009

Severe traumatic brain injury is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the United States. The initial management of traumatic brain injury involves early resuscitation, computed tomography scanning, and surgical evacuation of mass lesions, when indicated. Recent research suggests that the prevention and treatment of secondary brain injury decrease mortality and improve outcomes. Specifically, treatment should address not only cerebral protection but also prevention of injury to other organ systems. To achieve the best outcomes, attention must be focused on optimizing blood pressure and brain tissue oxygenation, maintaining adequate cerebral perfusion pressures, and preventing seizures. In addition, maximizing good outcomes depends on proactively addressing the risk of common sequelae of brain injury, including infection, deep venous thrombosis, and inadequate nutrition. Guidelines developed for the management of severe traumatic brain injury have dramatically improved functional neurological outcomes. Mt Sinai J Med 76:119–128, 2009. © 2009 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Persistent reduction of conduction velocity and myelinated axon damage in vibrated rat tail nerves
Authors: Loffredo Michael A. , Yan Ji‐Geng , Kao Dennis , Zhang Lin Ling , Matloub Hani S. , Riley Danny A.
Published: March 2009

Prolonged hand‐transmitted vibration exposure in the workplace has been recognized for almost a century to cause neurodegenerative and vasospastic disease. Persistence of the diseased state for years after cessation of tool use is of grave concern. To understand persistence of vibration injury, the present study examined recovery of nerve conduction velocity and structural damage of myelinated axons in a rat tail vibration model. Both 7 and 14 days of vibration (4 h/day) decreased conduction velocity. The decrease correlated directly with the increased percentage of disrupted myelinated axons. The total number of myelinated axons was unchanged. During 2 months of recovery, conduction velocity returned to control level after 7‐day vibration but remained decreased after 14‐day vibration. The rat tail model provides insight into understanding the persistence of neural deficits in hand–arm vibration syndrome. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Time–frequency analysis of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity
Authors: Farella Mauro , Palla Sandro , Gallo Luigi Maria
Published: March 2009

The aim of this study was to develop and validate under laboratory conditions an algorithm for a time–frequency analysis of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA). The algorithm baseband demodulated the electromyographic (EMG) signal to provide a frequency versus time representation. Using appropriate thresholds for frequency and power parameters, it was possible to automatically assess the features of RMMA without examiner interaction. The algorithm was first tested using synthetic EMG signals and then using real EMG signals obtained from the masticatory muscles of 11 human subjects who underwent well‐defined rhythmic, static, and possible confounding oral tasks. The accuracy of detection was quantified by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Sensitivity and specificity values were ≥90% and ≥96%, respectively. The areas under the ROC curves were ≥95% (standard error ±0.1%). The proposed approach represents a promising tool to effectively investigate rhythmical contractions of the masticatory muscles. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Coordinated dynamic control of marketing and production
Authors: Yang Jian , Zhang Xiaolong
Published: March 2009

We study the dynamic profit maximization problem for a firm exercising control on both marketing and production. The firs marketing effort impacts the current‐period demand, which in turn affects future demand in a dissipating fashion. Under linear‐cost and zero‐leadtime assumptions, we show that the firm should follow base‐point rules for both marketing and production, whereas trends of the base points reflect a certain complementarity between marketing and production. We obtain comparable results when marketing costs are convex. Our computational study identifies conditions under which simple fixed‐marketing‐effort and fixed‐marketing‐target heuristics would perform well. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2009
Influence of oxygen and carbogen breathing on renal oxygenation measured by T2*‐weighted imaging at 3.0 T
Authors: Boss Andreas , Martirosian Petros , Jehs Margit C. , Dietz Klaus , Alber Markus , Rossi Cristina , Claussen Claus D. , Schick Fritz
Published: March 2009

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of carbogen (95% O2, 5% CO2) or pure oxygen breathing on renal oxygenation measured by blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging at 3.0 T. Seven healthy young volunteers (median age 25, range 23–35 years) participated in the study. A T2*‐weighted fat‐saturated spoiled gradient‐echo sequence was implemented on a 3.0 T whole‐body imager (TE/TR = 27.9 ms/49 ms, excitation angle 20°) with an acquisition time of approximately 5.3 s. A total of 100 images were acquired during 22 min. A block design was applied for gas administration: 4 min room air, 4 min carbogen/oxygen, 4 min room air, 4 min carbogen/oxygen and 6 min room air. A compartment model was fitted to the data sets accounting for time‐dependent increase/decrease of renal oxygenation as well as baseline changes of the scanner. T2*‐weighted images showed good image quality without notable artefacts or distortions. Mean relative signal increase due to carbogen breathing was 2.73% (95% confidence interval: 1.34–5.54) in the right kidney and 3.76% (1.53–9.20) in the left kidney, while oxygen breathing led to a signal enhancement of 3.20% (2.57–3.98) in the right kidney and 3.16% (1.83–5.45) in the left kidney. No statistical difference was found between carbogen and oxygen breathing or between the oxygenation of the right and the left kidney. A significant difference was found in the characteristic time constant for the signal increase with a faster saturation taking place for oxygen breathing. Renal tissue oxygenation is clearly influenced by carbogen or oxygen breathing. The changes can be assessed by T2*‐weighted MRI at high field strengths. The effects are in the expected range for the BOLD effect of 3–4% at 3.0 T. The proposed technique might be interesting for the assessment of renal tissue oxygenation and its regulation in patients with kidney diseases. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potential osteoarchaeological evidence for riding and the military use of horses at Malbork Castle, Poland
Authors: Pluskowski A. , Seetah K. , Maltby M.
Published: March 2009

The paper explores interpretations of two sets of pathological horse vertebrae identified during analyses of animal bones from recent excavations at the castle at Malbork in northern Poland (formerly Marienburg in Prussia). One specimen dates to the 18th century and the other to the medieval period. The castle was initially constructed by the Teutonic Order from the late 13th century and occupied by military institutions into the 19th century, and is one of the largest fortified structures in Europe. The pathological vertebrae are attributed to prolonged load‐bearing. The problematic interpretation of the remains from the medieval context as belonging to a warhorse is discussed. Warhorses are widely described in contemporary documentary sources which indicate that mares were typically kept in farms on the Order's estates in late‐medieval Prussia, while studs were separately stabled at castles. There is not enough data to confirm the medieval specimen as a warhorse, and both vertebrae may simply represent riding animals. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Properties of radiation‐induced crosslinking stereocomplexes derived from poly(L‐lactide) and different poly(D‐lactide)
Authors: Quynh Tran Minh , Mitomo Hiroshi , Yoneyama Masaru , Hien Nguyen Quoc
Published: March 2009

The complete stereocomplexes without single crystals were obtained from a commercial grade poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) and the sufficient low molecular weight poly(D‐lactide) (PDLA). These poly(lactide) (PLA) stereocomplex were crosslinked with triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) by electron beam irradiation for improving their heat stability and different crosslinked samples were characterized. The organogels were formed in the irradiated stereocomplexes because of the crosslinking between the polymer chains and the crosslinker. The results indicated that 30 kGy is an optimum radiation dose for introducing the stable crosslinking network into PLA stereocomplexes. The PLLA/PDLA3 stereocomplex (L/D3) crosslinked with 3% TAIC at 30 kGy revealed the highest thermal stability. Alkaline hydrolysis and enzymatic degradation of the stereocomplex were controlled by radiation crosslinking because the alkaline solution as well as proteinase K hardly absorbed or attacked to the crosslinking network of polymer chains. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Investigation of melt extensional deformation of ethylene‐vinyl acetate nanocomposites using small‐angle light scattering
Authors: Prasad R. , Gupta Rahul K. , Cser F. , Bhattacharya S.N.
Published: March 2009

Ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymers with vinyl acetate (VA) contents of 9 wt% (EVA9) and 18 wt% (EVA18), and commercially modified montmorillonite clay were melt blended in a twin‐screw extruder to produce nanocomposites with various silicate loadings (2.5, 5, and 7.5 wt%). EVA9 was melt compounded with Cloisite®15A (C15A) and EVA18 was melt compounded with Cloisite®30B (C30B). Wide‐angle X‐ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy have indicated that EVA9 nanocomposites were predominantly intercalated in morphology while EVA18 nanocomposites possessed mixed intercalated/exfoliated structures. Light scattering was conducted in conjunction with melt‐drawing experiments to analyze structural evolution of the drawn filaments following its exit from the die of a single‐screw extruder. The scattering patterns were processed using Guinier's approximation. The parameter used to characterize deformation was the radius of gyration of optical inhomogeneities in the direction of extension and orthogonal to it. The ratio of these radii of gyration gives the deformation ratio. It was found that increasing silicate content decreased the deformation ratio for all the filled EVA18 nanocomposites. EVA9 with 2.5 and 5 wt% fillers showed an increase in deformation compared with unfilled EVA9, but the 7.5 wt%‐filled material showed a decrease. These observations were attributed to the relatively strong polymer‐filler interactions. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of filling stage on the cooling system design of injection molding
Authors: Hassan Hamdy , Regnier Nicolas , Le Bot Cédric , Defaye Guy
Published: March 2009

Injection molding is one of the most exploited industrial processes in the production of plastic parts. The main stages in an injection molding process therefore involve filling, cooling, and ejection. Understanding the different stages is important for the design of the cooling system. It is known that more than 70% of the cycle time is spent in the cooling stage. The effect of neglecting the filling stage on the thermal analysis of the mold and the product is studied during injection molding process. A three‐dimensional model including the mold, the cavity, and the cooling channels for the cooling process during the injection molding is presented. A finite volume numerical method is used for the solution of the physical model. A validation of the numerical model for the filling and solidification processes is presented. The results indicate that, there is a good agreement between the analytical solution and the numerical solution. They also show that the filling stage has a great effect on the temperature distribution through out the product and the mold. The results indicate that by neglecting filling stage, which represents about 7% of the cycle time, and assuming that the mold is initially filled, the solidification percent decreases by about 6%. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers