bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zapobieganie infekcji glebowej lnu przez grzyby z rodzaju Fusarium za pomocą zaprawiania nasion [Seed dressing with fungicides a protection against soil borne Fusarium wilt of flax]
Authors: Zarzycka H.
Published: June 2015

The seed dressing with systemic fungicides decreased flax infection by soil borne Fusarium. The yield of strow, seed and fibre from treated plants was higher than from untreated plants. The weather conditions and degree of soil infection with Fusarium influenced on the effect of seed dressing.
Septorioza pomidora. IV. Zimowanie grzyba Septoria lycopersici Speg. i żywotność jego zarodników [Septoria leaf spot of tomato. IV. Wintering of Septoria lycopersici Speg. and vitality of its pycnospores]
Authors: Marcinkowska J.
Published: June 2015

The experiment has showed that Septoria lycopersici is able to overwinter as pycnospores being only in pycnidia on diseased leaves and stems of tomato. The fungus can remain alive on plant debris left on surface of soil as well as on covered plant debris. The period of pycnospores vitality in plant debris was also studied.
Cytokinin content in the potato plant cv. Bintje as affected by ratio of Cl- : SO4-- nutrition
Authors: Borys M. W. , Jeske G.
Published: June 2015

Cytokinin activity in the potato plant (Solarium tuberosum L.), estimated by the tobacco callus assay method, depends upon the ratio of Cl- : SO4-- given to the plant (expressed as ppm) and upon the plant 'part or organ. The order of rising cytokinin activity for nutrient solutions tested, independent of the plant part or organ analysed, was as follows: 212 Cl : 127 S< 372 Cl : 40 S<0 Cl : 225 S. Similary, the plant parts showed the following order of rising cytokinin activity: roots, stems < leaf blades < tubers < leaf petioles, leafy tops.
Produktywność gatunku Thymus pulegioides L. w warunkach naturalnych [Productivity of the species Thymus pulegioides L. in natural habitats]
Authors: Kowal Tadeusz , Krupińska Anna
Published: June 2015

On the basis of three years of investigation of the productivity of Thymus pulegioides L. the monthly "indices" of biomass-production, water, organic and inorganic matter and essential oil contents (Table 1) were calculated as well as the same "indices" for particular years (Table 2). A relationship of the productivity with the habitat and climatic conditions was found.
Rybonukleaza w korzeniach i węzłach krzewienia dwóch odmian jęczmienia [Ribonuclease in roots and nodes of two barley cultivars]
Authors: Skoczek Halina , Borys Michał
Published: June 2015

Cultivar Union which, compared with cultivar Lubuski has a larger root system, was found to show a significantly higher RNase activity. The nodes of cv. Union show a lower RNase activity per gram of tissue fresh weight and a higher specific activity, in comparison with cv. Lubuski. The number of RNase isoenzymes in the roots of both examined cultivars is the same. No difference in the number of RNase isoenzymes between the nodes of the examined cultivars was found either. On the other hand, certain differences between the examined cultivars in some RNase isoenzymes activities were observed in the analysed parts of the plants.
Inhibition of spinach bolting by growth regulators
Authors: Borkowski Jan , Jankiewicz Leszek S.
Published: June 2015

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plants must be harvested during a short period of time because they bolt just after producing some edible leaves. Maleic hydrazide (MH) and its commercial preparation "Antyrost" were found to inhibit bolting very strongly. The preparation Off-shoot-O showed very weak activity in suppressing bolting but diminished markedly the resistance of spinach plants to fungus diseases. Triiodobenzoic acid stimulated bolting, and the retardant succinic acid-2-2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) did not affect bolting. Application of MH to inhibit spinach bolting cannot be recommended in practice before investigating the residues of this compound in leaves.
The Cyclic Nature of Joni Mitchell's Court and Spark
Authors: Neimoyer Susan
Published: June 2015

Current scholarship recognizes several of Joni Mitchell’s albums as being cyclic, or based on a unifying concept.Court and Spark(1974), however, is not numbered among them, despite Mitchell’s having described it as “a discourse on romantic love.” Following the inference that this album may have been conceived as an extended, multi-movement work, this article examines both its textual and musical aspects, seeking unifying characteristics. The cyclic nature of the album is uncovered, showing it to be more unified from a musical perspective than a textual one. This approach is the opposite of Mitchell’s perceived norm, suggesting her compositional process may have been more sophisticated than is currently thought.
« A garland on Pierre Boulez ». Quelques considérations sur Pour le Dr. Kalmus (1969/2005)
Authors: Tissier Brice
Published: June 2015

Retirée après sa création en 1969, la pièce Pour le Dr Kalmus de Pierre Boulez a fait en 2005 une surprenante réapparition. On ignore encore les raisons qui ont décidé Boulez à réviser cette partition. On ignore d’ailleurs presque tout la concernant. Il est toutefois possible aujourd’hui, à la lumière des quelques sources manuscrites conservées et de la nouvelle partition éditée, de faire plusieurs constatations historiques, philologiques et analytiques sur cette oeuvre certes secondaire dans le corpus boulézien, mais non dénuée d’intérêt, et composée à un moment charnière de sa production musicale et de son évolution esthétique.
Lost Soul or New Dawn? Lifelong Learning Lessons and Prospects from East Asia
Authors: Duke Chris
Published: June 2015

Most learning takes place in communities, neighbourhoods and workplaces. Here practical solutions to big problems work or fall down. We may call this the iron law of social learning, recognised in ‘community development’, ‘community capacity-building’, ‘workplace’, ‘work-based’ and ‘work-integrated’ learning. Language is problematic, the gap between words and deeds often large. Will social learning allow richer ‘third generation lifelong learning’ in Asia? Could it retain the hard economic edge of second generation lifelong learning while recovering the broad vision of the first generation inspired by Unesco's Faure and Delors Reports? That initial vision was of a perceived imperative for survival in and of a stressed world. There are in some societies roots in older traditions and forms of knowledge; foundations for wider and deeper lifelong learning known as indigenous knowledge and knowing. What might this look like? Current globally dominant policies are of mainly European and American origin, like the neo-liberal ideology and policies that survived the global financial crisis. Will ‘business as usual’ continue, with lifelong learning meaning vocational and education and training, and old paradigms still imported into Asia? Or might a reverse flow of influence from what we call the East and South wash over the North and West?
Sentidos do Exercício da Liderança por Mulheres Executivas Brasileiras
Authors: Rocha Nogueira Elaine Cristina Oliveira , Kubo Edson Keyso de Miranda
Published: June 2015

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar os Sentidos de Liderança por Mulheres Executivas Brasileiras, visto que ampla maioria das pesquisas focaram os desafios da carreira (Lima; Lima; Tanure, 2009; Betiol; Tonelli, 1991) com pouca ênfase para os desafios da liderança feminina nas organizações brasileiras. Utilizou-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, que se baseou em entrevistas em profundidade com treze (13) mulheres que ocupam cargos executivos em organizações empresariais dos segmentos da Educação, Indústria Manufatureira, Comércio, Serviços e Financeiro, nos Estados de Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul e Minas Gerais. Os resultados obtidos revelam que os sentidos da liderança para as mulheres executivas Brasileiras se sintetizam essencialmente em aspectos relacionais do gênero feminino que são constituídos pela facilidade de comunicação, uso da intuição para a tomada de decisões, alto grau de relacionamento interpessoal com os membros da equipe, tomada de decisões compartilhadas com apoio e participação da equipe e utilização de equipes de trabalho mistas. Já os elementos dificultadores da liderança dessas executivas estão essencialmente relacionados aos aspectos objetivos da gestão, tais como falta de planejamento e despreparo da equipe, entre outros. Não obstante, questões relacionadas ao gênero, tais como estereótipos e resistência dos homens frente à liderança das mulheres também representam elementos que dificultam a liderança.DOI:10.7769/gesec.v4i2.175
Controle de biótipos resistentes de Conyza bonariensis com glyphosate + clorimuron-etílico em função do estádio de desenvolvimento
Authors: Bressanin Fernanda Nunes , Jayme Neto Nelson , Martins Juliano Francisco , Martins José Valcir Fidelis , Alves Pedro Luis Da Costa Aguiar
Published: June 2015

A dessecação é considerada o manejo inicial das lavouras e uma das práticas mais importantes para implantação da cultura da soja no sistema de plantio direto. Com o cultivo de soja transgênica, a utilização de glyphosate aumentou acentuadamente e proporcionou a seleção de Conyza bonariensis resistente a esse herbicida. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia do glyphosate em associação com clorimuron-etílico no controle C. bonariensis resistente ao glyphosate, em estágios crescentes de desenvolvimento. Os oito tratamentos foram constituídos pelo uso associado de 2,5 L ha-1 de glyphosate (1250 g e.a. ha-1) e 60 g ha-1 (15 g i.a. ha-1) de clorimuron-etílico em plantas com 3 folhas, 4 a 6 folhas, 6 a 9 folhas, 10 a 13 folhas, 13 a 16 folhas, 20 folhas, em florescimento e uma testemunha sem aplicação. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com seis repetições. Avaliações visuais de controle foram efetuadas aos 7, 15 e 21 dias após a aplicação (DAA), onde também determinou-se a massa seca da parte aérea das plantas. Obteve-se excelentes níveis de controle de C. bonariensis resistente ao glyphosate utilizando a associação de glyphosate + clorimuron-etílico em plantas com até 9 folhas.
Eficiência da aplicação da mistura de glyphosate com saflufenacil sobre plantas de Brachiaria decumbens
Authors: Queiroz Juliana Roberta Gobi , Silva Junior Antonio Carlos , Rodrigues Andréia Cristina Peres , Martins Dagoberto
Published: June 2015

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o sinergismo ou antagonismo de glyphosate com e sem a mistura de saflufenacil no controle de B. decumbens. Foram avaliados no estudo os seguintes tratamentos: glyphosate (1.080), glyphosate + saflufenacil + Dash (1.080 + 24,5 + 0,5% v/v), glyphosate + 2,4 D (1.080 + 720); glyphosate (1.440); glyphosate + saflufenacil + Dash (1.440 + 24,5 + 0,5% v/v); glyphosate + 2,4 D (1.440 + 720); saflufenacil + Dash (24,5 + 0,5 v/v); 2,4 D (720), doses em g i.a./e.a. ha-1. A eficiência de controle de B. decumbens foi avaliada em diversos períodos: 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 e 49 dias após a aplicação (DAA), com base nos sintomas de fitointoxicação, utilizando-se a escala de 0% a 100%. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e as médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. O herbicida glyphosate aplicado de forma isolada nas duas doses testadas, ou em mistura com saflufenacil, proporcionou um excelente controle das plantas de B. decumbens já a partir dos 14 dias. Os herbicidas saflufenacil e 2,4-D quando aplicados isoladamente sem a presença do herbicida glyphosate mostraram-se ineficientes no controle das plantas. O controle das plantas de braquiária proporcionado pelas misturas de glyphosate com 2,4-D e saflufenacil foi semelhante ao da aplicação isolada de glyphosate. As misturas não apresentaram sinergismo ou antagonismo sobre o controle das plantas de B. decumbens.
The Acceptability of E-mental Health Services for Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: A Systematic Search and Review
Authors: Struthers Ashley , Charette Catherine , Bapuji Sunita Bayyavarapu , Winters Shannon , Ye Xibiao , Metge Colleen , Kreindler Sara , Raynard Melissa , Lemaire Jacqueline , Synyshyn Margaret , Sutherland Karen
Published: June 2015

This paper presents the findings of a systematic search and review examining the acceptability of e-mental health services for children, adolescents, and young adults and their parents and healthcare providers. Multiple databases were searched and abstracts were screened to determine if they met study inclusion criteria. Findings from included studies were synthesized within five dimensions of acceptability: satisfaction, client expectations, uptake, adherence and patient/provider experiences. Twenty-four studies were included, and findings suggest that although clients are generally satisfied with e-mental health and report positive experiences, adherence and uptake can be challenges. In conclusion, e-mental health appears to be an acceptable intervention option for children, adolescents, and young adults and their parents and healthcare providers. Further research is needed to better understand the effectiveness and acceptability of e-mental health for this population, including adherence, patient and provider experiences and integration into existing health systems.
(De)compaction of porous viscoelastoplastic media: Solitary porosity waves
Authors: Yarushina Viktoriya M. , Podladchikov Yuri Y. , Connolly James A. D.
Published: June 2015

Buoyancy‐driven flow in deformable porous media is important for understanding sedimentary compaction as well as magmatic and metamorphic differentiation processes. Here mathematical analysis of the viscoplastic compaction equations is used to develop an understanding of the porosity wave instability and its sensitivity to the choice of rheological model. The conditions of propagation, size, speed, and shape of the porosity waves depend strongly on the properties of the solid rock frame. Whereas most of the previous studies on porosity waves were focused on viscous or viscoelastic mode, here we consider the ability of a solid matrix to undergo simultaneous plastic (rate‐independent) and viscous (rate‐dependent) deformation in parallel. Plastic yielding is identified as a cause of compaction‐decompaction asymmetry in porous media—this is known to lead to a strong focusing of porous flow. Speed and amplitude of a porosity wave are given as functions of material parameters and a volume of a source region. Formulation is applicable to fluid flow in sedimentary rocks where viscous deformation is due to pressure solution as well as in deep crustal or upper mantle rocks deforming in a semibrittle regime.
Ecosystem CO2and CH4exchange in a mixed tundra and a fen within a hydrologically diverse Arctic landscape: 1. Modeling versus measurements
Authors: Grant R. F. , Humphreys E. R. , Lafleur P. M.
Published: June 2015

CO2and CH4exchange are strongly affected by hydrology in landscapes underlain by permafrost. Hypotheses for these effects in the modelecosyswere tested by comparing modeled CO2and CH4exchange with CO2fluxes measured by eddy covariance from 2006 to 2009, and with CH4fluxes measured with surface chambers in 2008, along a topographic gradient at Daring Lake, NWT. In an upland tundra, rises in net CO2uptake in warmer years were constrained by declines in CO2influxes when vapor pressure deficits (D) exceeded 1.5 kPa and by rises in CO2effluxes with greater active layer depth. Consequently, net CO2uptake rose little with warming. In a lowland fen, CO2influxes declined less withDand CO2effluxes rose less with warming, so that rises in net CO2uptake were greater than those in the tundra. Greater declines in CO2influxes with warming in the tundra were modeled from greater soil‐plant‐atmosphere water potential gradients that developed under higherDin drained upland soil, and smaller rises in CO2effluxes with warming in the fen were modeled from O2constraints to heterotrophic and belowground autotrophic respiration from a shallow water table in poorly drained lowland soil. CH4exchange modeled during July and August indicated very small influxes in the tundra and larger effluxes characterized by afternoon emission events caused by degassing of warming soil in the fen. Emissions of CH4modeled from degassing during soil freezing in October–November contributed about one third of the annual total.
Pore‐scale mechanisms for the enhancement of mixing in unsaturated porous media and implications for chemical reactions
Authors: Jiménez‐Martínez Joaquín , Anna Pietro de , Tabuteau Hervé , Turuban Régis , Borgne Tanguy Le , Méheust Yves
Published: June 2015

Porous media in which different fluid phases coexist are common in nature (e.g., vadose zone and gas‐oil reservoirs). In partially saturated porous media, the intricate spatial distributions of the wetting and nonwetting phases causes their flow to be focused onto preferential paths. Using a novel 2‐D experimental setup allowing pore‐scale measurement of concentration fields in a controlled unsaturated flow, we highlight mechanisms by which mixing of an invading fluid with the resident fluid is significantly enhanced when decreasing saturation. The mean scalar dissipation rate is observed to decrease slowly in time, while under saturated conditions it decays rapidly. This slow decrease is due to sustained longitudinal solute fingering, which causes concentration gradients to remain predominantly transverse to the average flow. Consequently, the effective reactivity is found to be much larger than under saturated conditions. These results provide new insights into the role that multiphase flows play on mixing/reaction in porous media.
Stability and properties of liquid CO2 at high pressure and high temperature: Implications for electrical conductivities in Earth's lower mantle
Authors: Wu Min , Tse John S. , Pan Yuanming
Published: June 2015

Carbon dioxide (CO2), one of the most important planetary materials, has been the subject of extensive experimental and theoretical studies. However, the stabilities and properties of CO2 at high pressures and temperatures relevant to Earth's mantle and core remain controversial. We have studied the molten structures of CO2‐V with first‐principles molecular dynamic calculations at 60 GPa and different temperatures. The formation of oxygen molecules in the melt is consistent with experimental observations. In particular, the melting transition is accompanying by metallization. The metallic behavior is shown to originate from electron delocalization between oxygen via the overlap of the π orbitals from the dissociated oxygen‐rich species. Metallic molten CO2 is a potential candidate to explain the high conductivities of the Earth's lower mantle. Furthermore, theoretical results do not support the existence of the proposed ionic solid phase of CO2 at high temperature and high pressure.
Global modeling of ULF waves at Mercury
Authors: Kim Eun‐Hwa , Johnson Jay R. , Valeo Ernest , Phillips Cynthia K.
Published: June 2015

ULF waves in the ion cyclotron frequency range waves are regularly observed at Mercury's magnetosphere. Although previous statistical studies have shown that ULF waves are primarily compressional near the equator and transverse with linear polarization at higher latitude, the underlying reason for this distribution of wave polarization has not been understood. In order to address this key question, we have developed a two‐dimensional, finite element code that solves the full wave equations in global magnetospheric geometry. Using this code, we show that (1) efficient mode conversion from the fast compressional waves to the ion‐ion hybrid resonance occurs at Mercury consistent with previous calculations; (2) such mode‐converted waves globally oscillate similar to field line resonance at Earth; and (3) compressional wave energy is primarily localized near the equator, while field‐aligned transverse, linearly polarized waves generated by mode conversion at the ion‐ion hybrid resonance radiate to higher latitude. Based on these wave solutions, we suggest that the strong transverse component of observed ULF waves at Mercury in high magnetic latitude can be explained as excitation of the field line resonant waves at the ion‐ion hybrid resonance.
Global Biomass Information: From Data Generation to Application
Authors: Schepaschenko Dmitry , Kraxner Florian , See Linda , Fuss Sabine , McCallum Ian , Fritz Steffen , Perger Christoph , Shvidenko Anatoly , Kindermann Georg , Frank Stefan , Tum Markus , Schmid Erwin , Balkovič Juraj , Günther Kurt
Published: June 2015

Terrestrial biomass is an essential indicator for monitoring the Earth's ecosystems and the climate. It is also a critical input for carbon budgeting, the development of climate change mitigation policies, and for many other applications such as renewable energy assessment. In recent years, many different biomass data sets have been produced using a wide range of methods—from pure remote sensing to the collection of field measurements. This article discusses the range of biomass data sets available and how the Biomass Geo‐Wiki tool represents one potential solution for improving the current information on global biomass. The article then provides examples of biophysical and economic modeling of biomass, with an overview of the most recent estimates of biomass energy potentials in the forestry and the agricultural sectors produced by these models. Uncertainty in these estimates is discussed followed by new and ongoing developments that may help improve our measurement and representation of biomass in the future.
Mantle cell lymphoma: 2015 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and clinical management
Authors: Vose Julie M.
Published: June 2015

Disease Overview: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a non‐Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by involvement of the lymph nodes, spleen, blood and bone marrow with a short remission duration to standard therapies and a median overall survival (OS) of 4‐5 years.

Diagnosis: Diagnosis is based on lymph node, bone marrow, or tissue morphology of centrocytic lymphocytes, small cell type, or blastoid variant cells. A chromosomal translocation t (11:14) is the molecular hallmark of MCL, resulting in the overexpression of cyclin D1. Cyclin D1 is detected by immunohistochemistry in 98% of cases. The absence of SOX‐11 or a low Ki‐67 may correlate with a more indolent form of MCL. The differential diagnosis of MCL includes small lymphocytic lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, and follicular lymphoma.

Risk Stratification: The MCL International Prognostic Index (MIPI) is the prognostic model most often used and incorporates ECOG performance status, age, leukocyte count, and lactic dehydrogenase. A modification of the MIPI also adds the Ki‐67 proliferative index if available. The median OS for the low‐risk group was not reached (5‐year OS of 60%). The median OS for the intermediate risk group was 51 months and 29 months for the high risk group.

Risk‐Adapted Therapy: For selected indolent, low MIPI MCL patients, initial observation may be appropriate therapy. For younger patients with intermediate or high risk MIPI MCL, aggressive therapy with a cytotoxic regimen ± autologous stem cell transplantation should be considered. For older MCL patients with intermediate or high risk MIPI, combination chemotherapy with R‐CHOP, R‐Bendamustine, or a clinical trial should be considered. In addition, rituximab maintenance therapy may prolong the progression‐free survival. At the time of relapse, agents directed at activated pathways in MCL cells such as bortezomib (NFkB inhibitor), lenalidamide (anti‐angiogenesis) and Ibruitinib (Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase [BTK] inhibitor) have demonstrated excellent clinical activity in MCL patients. Autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation can also be considered in young patients. Clinical trials with novel agents are always a consideration for MCL patients. Am. J. Hematol. 90:740–745, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Formstabile, sterisch überfrachtete Sternmesogene – von ungewöhnlichen kolumnaren Dimerstapeln zu Supermesogenen
Authors: Lehmann Matthias , Maier Philipp
Published: June 2015

Hexasubstituierte C3‐symmetrische Benzolderivate mit drei Oligophenylenvinylen‐Armen und drei Pyridyl‐ oder Phenyl‐Substituenten sind formtreue, im Zentrum sterisch überfrachtete Sternmesogene. Solche Molekülstrukturen weisen große Zwischenräume zwischen ihren Armen auf, die in kondensierten Phasen gefüllt werden müssen. Die reinen Materialien erreichen dies durch ungewöhnliche Dimerbildung und kurzreichweitige helikale Packung in kolumnaren Mesophasen. Für die Pyridylverbindung ist die Mesophase thermodynamisch stabil. Nur dieses Derivat bildet durch Zumischen von unterschiedlichen Carbonsäuren gefüllte, sternförmige Supermesogene. Diese packen nicht mehr als Dimere, sondern als Monomere in kolumnaren Stapeln. Da die Gäste in einer solchen Flüssigkristallphase (LC‐Phase) vollständig umschlossen sind, kann man die Wirtmesogene auch als neuartige LC‐Endorezeptoren bezeichnen, die zukünftig das Design von kolumnaren funktionalen Strukturen ermöglichen werden.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Modification of Chiral α‐Amino Ketones by Pd‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation
Authors: Huwig Kai , Schultz Katharina , Kazmaier Uli
Published: June 2015

Chiral α‐amino ketones are excellent nucleophiles for stereoselective palladium‐catalyzed allylic alkylations. Both chiral as well as achiral allylic substrates can be applied, while the stereochemical outcome of the reaction is controlled by the chiral ketone enolate. The substituted amino ketones formed can be reduced stereoselectively, and up to five consecutive stereogenic centers can be obtained. This approach can be used for the synthesis of highly substituted piperidine derivatives.
Total Synthesis of Proposed Structure of Yuremamine and All Diastereomers Using [3+2]‐Cycloaddition of Platinum‐Containing Azomethine Ylide
Authors: Ohyama Tomoya , Uchida Masako , Kusama Hiroyuki , Iwasawa Nobuharu
Published: June 2015

Total synthesis of the proposed structure of yuremamine has been achieved for the first time based on the intermolecular [3+2]‐cycloaddition reaction of the platinum‐containing azomethine ylide. All the possible diastereomers of yuremamine were also synthesized via the common intermediate. Through these syntheses, it was confirmed that the proposed structure of yuremamine and the diastereomers differ from the natural product.
Teacher shortage and attrition: Why do they leave?
Authors: Dupriez Vincent , Delvaux Bernard , Lothaire Sandrine
Published: June 2015

This article examines the professional integration of beginning teachers in French‐speaking Belgium and the factors predicting an exit from the profession during the first years of their careers. The analysis of four successive cohorts of new teachers indicates that exit rates are very high during the first year but show a gradual decline afterwards. The exit rates are also much higher in secondary education than at pre‐school and primary levels. According to the international literature, this research also shows that teachers with training in education are much more stable than their peers without teacher qualification. Concerning the work environment, the data indicate that the school's socio‐economic level is not linked to the risk of leaving the profession. Finally, one of the main results of this study is the demonstration that over and above the influence of teachers’ and schools’ characteristics, a very close relationship is observed between job conditions over the first year in the profession and exit rates. These results argue for paying greater attention to the institutional conditions of career management in future research on teacher attrition and migration.
Optimizing eukaryotic cell hosts for protein production through systems biotechnology and genome‐scale modeling
Authors: Gutierrez Jahir M. , Lewis Nathan E.
Published: June 2015

Eukaryotic cell lines, including Chinese hamster ovary cells, yeast, and insect cells, are invaluable hosts for the production of many recombinant proteins. With the advent of genomic resources, one can now leverage genome‐scale computational modeling of cellular pathways to rationally engineer eukaryotic host cells. Genome‐scale models of metabolism include all known biochemical reactions occurring in a specific cell. By describing these mathematically and using tools such as flux balance analysis, the models can simulate cell physiology and provide targets for cell engineering that could lead to enhanced cell viability, titer, and productivity. Here we review examples in which metabolic models in eukaryotic cell cultures have been used to rationally select targets for genetic modification, improve cellular metabolic capabilities, design media supplementation, and interpret high‐throughput omics data. As more comprehensive models of metabolism and other cellular processes are developed for eukaryotic cell culture, these will enable further exciting developments in cell line engineering, thus accelerating recombinant protein production and biotechnology in the years to come.
Early malfunction of polyvinyl alcohol membrane of septal occluder
Authors: Ramoğlu Mehmet G. , Uçar Tayfun , Tutar Ercan
Published: June 2015

Percutaneous device closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) is now considered the choice of treatment. Numerous devices with advantages/disadvantages are currently available and under development. Cardia Ultrasept II ASD occluder has a nitinol frame covered with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membrane. Here, a well‐documented case of early malfunction of PVA membrane detected in the first week of implantation in a 4‐year‐old male patient, who underwent an uneventful device closure with 20 mm Cardia Ultrasept II ASD Occluder, is presented. One week after implantation left‐to‐right shunt through the device was detected and the explantation of device revealed PVA membrane with multiple perforations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficacy of treatment of edge stenosis of endografts inserted for superficial femoral artery stenotic disease
Authors: Golchehr Bahar , Holewijn Suzanne , Kruse Rombout R. , van Walraven Laurens A. , Zeebregts Clark J. , Reijnen Michel M.P.J.
Published: June 2015

Objective

The role of endografts in the treatment of extensive superficial femoral artery (SFA) occlusive disease is enlarging. Results are limited by the occurrence of edge stenosis. The aim of the study was to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of treatment of edge stenosis of endografts inserted for SFA occlusive disease.

Methods

All patients, treated between November 2001 and December 2011, with a self‐expandable polytetrafluoroethylene‐endograft were gathered in a prospective database in three hospitals. The incidence of primary edge stenosis and the incidence of re‐edge stenosis after treatment were retrospectively noted and a comparison was made between the results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and extension of the endograft.

Results

A total of 88 patients presented with 115 edge stenoses, of which the majority presented within 1 year after insertion of the endograft (mean time to edge stenosis 10.7 ± 8.2 months). Seventy‐three stenoses (63%) manifested at the proximal and 42 at the distal edge (37%). The 1‐year incidence of restenosis and/or occlusion was 45% after PTA and 43% after endograft extension, with 1‐year patency rates of 81% and 92%, respectively. The incidence of restenosis/occlusion after treatment with PTA was 12% higher at two years compared to extension of the endograft (55% vs. 43%, respectively).

Conclusion

Edge stenosis may well be treated with either PTA or extension of the endograft. The incidence of restenosis and/or occlusion after both PTA and extension is high, but patency rates are acceptable. Aggressive surveillance is needed during the first year after insertion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transfemoral aortic valve implantation in pure native aortic valve insufficiency using the repositionable and retrievable lotus valve
Authors: Wöhrle Jochen , Rodewald Christoph , Rottbauer Wolfgang
Published: June 2015

Transfemoral aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for the treatment of pure native aortic insufficiency is not routine clinical practice. Absent cusp calcification, missing landmarks in combination with no perfect valve control during release with first‐generation TAVI devices resulted in a high rate for need of a second valve or relevant residual aortic insufficiency. We report the first case with a native pure aortic valve insufficiency at high surgical risk successfully treated by implantation of the repositionable and completely retrievable Lotus valve, resulting in a well‐controlled and safe procedure with no residual aortic insufficiency. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictors of blood pressure response: Obesity is associated with a less pronounced treatment response after renal denervation
Authors: Id Dani , Bertog Stefan C. , Ziegler Ann‐Kathrin , Hornung Marius , Hofmann Ilona , Vaskelyte Laura , Matic Predrag , Gafoor Sameer , Sievert Horst
Published: June 2015

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of BP response.

Background

Catheter‐based renal denervation (RDN) causes significant blood pressure (BP) reductions in a large number of patients with resistant hypertension.

Methods

One hundred one consecutive patients with resistant hypertension who underwent RDN with the Symplicity™ catheter were included in this retrospective study. Primary endpoint was the change in office systolic BP after 6 months. Uni‐ and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to detect baseline predictors of a significant BP response 6 months after RDN (age, gender, office and ambulatory BP, renal function, body mass index [BMI], diabetes mellitus, antihypertensive medication, number of ablations).

Results

The procedure was technically uneventful in all patients. Mean BP at baseline was 166.6/90.2 ± 22.5/16.4 mmHg and decreased by −14.7 (P < 0.0001)/−5.3 (P < 0.001) ± 22.8/14.1 mm Hg at 6‐month follow‐up. Similarly, paired analysis of 24‐hr‐ambulatory BP measurement (n = 71) showed a significant reduction of mean systolic BP by 6.8 ± 14.4 mm Hg (P < 0.0002). Upon univariate analyses, a higher baseline office systolic BP (P < 0.0001) and lower BMI (P = 0.014) were identified as significant predictors of the magnitude of BP response after 6 months. Importantly, on multivariate analysis, baseline office systolic BP (standardized ß = −0.46; r = −0.47; P < 0.0001) and BMI (standardized ß = 0.21; r = 0.95; P = 0.019) remained significant.

Conclusion

Blood pressure reductions after RDN were more pronounced in patients with higher baseline blood pressure and lower BMI. These findings may have implications regarding patient selection for renal denervation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extracardiac Fontan fenestration using the SafeSept transseptal guidewire and snare‐controlled diabolo‐shaped covered‐stent placement
Authors: Casadonte Joseph R. , Wax David F. , Gossett Jeffrey G.
Published: June 2015

Transcatheter Fontan fenestration is a valuable option in situations of prolonged pleural drainage or low cardiac output in patients with failing Fontan circulation. This procedure relies on controlled baffle perforation without separation of the Fontan circuit from the pulmonary venous atrium, and placement of an accurately sized covered stent. We report a novel technique for transcatheter extracardiac Fontan fenestration using the SafeSept transseptal guidewire® and snare‐controlled diabolo‐shaped covered stent placement. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Licit and Illicit Drugs in Urban Wastewater in Cyprus
Authors: Hapeshi Evroula , Gros Merixtell , Lopez‐Serna Rebeca , Boleda Maria‐Rosa , Ventura Fransesc , Petrovic Mira , Barceló Damià , Fatta‐Kassinos Despo
Published: June 2015

Two multi‐residue methods based on off‐line solid phase extraction followed by LC‐MS/MS have been applied in samples collected from three sewage treatment plants for the identification and quantification of licit and illicit drugs. The occurrence of the drugs in wastewater appears to be influenced by both the operational parameters of each plant and their consumption in the area served by the corresponding plant. Generally, the present study demonstrated that both licit and illicit drugs were found in the effluent wastewater of all urban wastewater treatment plants; a fact suggesting that they are bioresistance. These compounds were determined in relatively high concentrations (licit drugs: below limit of detection (BLD) to 5520 ng/L and illicit drugs: BLD to 5815 ng/L) in all effluent wastewater samples monitored in this study. The major groups of licit drugs detected in the effluents were antibiotics, β‐blockers, analgesics, and non‐steroidal‐anti‐inflammatory drugs suggesting that these compounds show a noticeable resistance against the biological treatment applied. The concentrations of antibiotics and β‐blockers in the effluents ranged from ca. 4 to 200 ng/L and 40 to 500 ng/L, respectively. Concerning the illicit drugs, cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine were detected in almost all effluent samples with median values of 1 and 3 ng/L, respectively.
Linear correlation between the number of olfactory sensory neurons expressing a given mouse odorant receptor gene and the total volume of the corresponding glomeruli in the olfactory bulb
Authors: Bressel Olaf Christian , Khan Mona , Mombaerts Peter
Published: June 2015

Chemosensory specificity in the main olfactory system of the mouse relies on the expression of ∼1,100 odorant receptor (OR) genes across millions of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the main olfactory epithelium (MOE), and on the coalescence of OSN axons into ∼3,600 glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. A traditional approach for visualizing OSNs and their axons consists of tagging an OR gene genetically with an axonal marker that is cotranslated with the OR by virtue of an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Here we report full cell counts for 15 gene‐targeted strains of the OR‐IRES‐marker design coexpressing a fluorescent protein. These strains represent 11 targeted OR genes, a 1% sample of the OR gene repertoire. We took an empirical, “count every cell” strategy: we counted all fluorescent cell profiles with a nuclear profile within the cytoplasm, on all serial coronal sections under a confocal microscope, a total of 685,673 cells in 56 mice at postnatal day 21. We then applied a strain‐specific Abercrombie correction to these OSN counts in order to obtain a closer approximation of the true OSN numbers. We found a 17‐fold range in the average (corrected) OSN number across these 11 OR genes. In the same series of coronal sections, we then determined the total volume of the glomeruli (TGV) formed by coalescence of the fluorescent axons. We found a strong linear correlation between OSN number and TGV, suggesting that TGV can be used as a surrogate measurement for estimating OSN numbers in these gene‐targeted strains. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:199–209, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A poroelastic model coupled to a fluid network with applications in lung modelling
Authors: Berger Lorenz , Bordas Rafel , Burrowes Kelly , Grau Vicente , Tavener Simon , Kay David
Published: June 2015

We develop a lung ventilation model based on a continuum poroelastic representation of lung parenchyma that is strongly coupled to a pipe network representation of the airway tree. The continuous system of equations is discretized using a low‐order stabilised finite element method. The framework is applied to a realistic lung anatomical model derived from computed tomography data and an artificially generated airway tree to model the conducting airway region. Numerical simulations produce physiologically realistic solutions and demonstrate the effect of airway constriction and reduced tissue elasticity on ventilation, tissue stress and alveolar pressure distribution. The key advantage of the model is the ability to provide insight into the mutual dependence between ventilation and deformation. This is essential when studying lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary fibrosis. Thus the model can be used to form a better understanding of integrated lung mechanics in both the healthy and diseased states. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flexible Nanoscale Thread of MnSn(OH)6 Crystallite with Liquid‐like Behavior and its Application in Nanocomposites
Authors: Li Peipei , Zheng Yaping , Yang Ruilu , Fan Wendi , Wang Nan , Zhang Aibo
Published: June 2015

We reported a solvent‐free nanofluid based on MnSn(OH)6 crystallite with thread‐like morphology through sulfuric‐acid‐terminated organosilanes as corona and polyether amine as canopy. The resultant is characterized by various analytical techniques and shows excellent solubility, good dispersity, improved processability and fluidity at room temperature in the absence of any solvents, which offer great potential in applications such as plasticizers with effects of toughening and reinforcement in nanocomposites. In addition, as a kind of plasticizer, it can also improve the Tg of its nanocomposites. These advantages of the flexible nanoscale thread of MnSn(OH)6 crystallite make it can be easily applied on the fabrication of high performance of nanocomposites.
An Electron Dynamics Mechanism of Charge Separation in the Initial‐Stage Dynamics of Photoinduced Water Splitting in XMnWater (X=OH, OCaH) and Electron–Proton Acceptors
Authors: Yamamoto Kentaro , Takatsuka Kazuo
Published: June 2015

An electron dynamics mechanism of charge separation in the initial stage of excited‐state reactions of the class of XMnOH2⋅⋅⋅A${ \to }$XMnOH⋅⋅⋅HA (X=OH or OCaH; A=N‐methylformamidine, guanidine, imidazole, or ammonia cluster) is reported. The dynamic effect of calcium doping is also revealed. This study provides a novel factor to be considered in designing efficient systems for photoinduced water splitting.
Processes forming Gas, Tar, and Coke in Cellulose Gasification from Gas‐Phase Reactions of Levoglucosan as Intermediate
Authors: Fukutome Asuka , Kawamoto Haruo , Saka Shiro
Published: June 2015

The gas‐phase pyrolysis of levoglucosan (LG), the major intermediate species during cellulose gasification, was studied experimentally over the temperature range of 400–900 °C. Gaseous LG did not produce any dehydration products, which include coke, furans, and aromatic substances, although these are characteristic products of the pyrolysis of molten LG. Alternatively, at >500 °C, gaseous LG produced only fragmentation products, such as noncondensable gases and condensable C1–C3 fragments, as intermediates during noncondensable gas formation. Therefore, it was determined that secondary reactions of gaseous LG can result in the clean (tar‐ and coke‐free) gasification of cellulose. Cooling of the remaining LG in the gas phase caused coke formation by the transition of the LG to the molten state. The molecular mechanisms that govern the gas‐ and molten‐phase reactions of LG are discussed in terms of the acid catalyst effect of intermolecular hydrogen bonding to promote the molten‐phase dehydration reactions.
Fifteen years of external quality assessment in leukemia/lymphoma immunophenotyping in The Netherlands and Belgium: A way forward
Authors: Preijers Frank W. M. B. , van der Velden Vincent H. J. , Preijers Tim , Brooimans Rik A. , Marijt Erik , Homburg Christa , van Montfort Kees , Gratama Jan W. ,   on behalf of the Section Immunological and Molecular Cell Diagnostics of the Foundation for Quality Assessment in Medical Laboratories(SKML)
Published: June 2015

In 1985, external quality assurance was initiated in the Netherlands to reduce the between‐laboratory variability of leukemia/lymphoma immunophenotyping and to improve diagnostic conclusions. This program consisted of regular distributions of test samples followed by biannual plenary participant meetings in which results were presented and discussed. A scoring system was developed in which the quality of results was rated by systematically reviewing the pre‐analytical, analytical, and post‐analytical assay stages using three scores, i.e., correct (A), minor fault (B), and major fault (C). Here, we report on 90 consecutive samples distributed to 40–61 participating laboratories between 1998 and 2012. Most samples contained >20% aberrant cells, mainly selected from mature lymphoid malignancies (B or T cell) and acute leukemias (myeloid or lymphoblastic). In 2002, minimally required monoclonal antibody (mAb) panels were introduced, whilst methodological guidelines for all three assay stages were implemented.

Retrospectively, we divided the study into subsequent periods of 4 (“initial”), 4 (“learning”), and 7 years (“consolidation”) to detect “learning effects.” Uni‐ and multivariate models showed that analytical performance declined since 2002, but that post‐analytical performance improved during the entire period. These results emphasized the need to improve technical aspects of the assay, and reflected improved interpretational skills of the participants. A strong effect of participant affiliation in all three assay stages was observed: laboratories in academic and large peripheral hospitals performed significantly better than those in small hospitals. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Regulatory perspective on minimal residual disease flow cytometry testing in multiple myeloma
Authors: Gormley Nicole J. , Turley Danielle M. , Dickey Jennifer S. , Farrell Ann T. , Reaman Gregory H. , Stafford Elizabeth , Carrington Lea , Marti Gerald E.
Published: June 2015

The FDA has co‐sponsored three workshops to address minimal residual disease (MRD) detection in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) as well as an FDA‐NCI roundtable symposium on MRD detection and its use as a response biomarker in Multiple Myeloma (MM). As clinical outcomes in MM continue to improve with the introduction of new therapeutics, consideration of biomarkers and their development as validated surrogate endpoints that can be used in the place of traditional clinical trial endpoints of progression‐free survival (PFS) will be fundamental to expeditious drug development. This article will describe the FDA drug approval process, the regulatory framework through which a biomarker can be used as a surrogate endpoint for drug approval, and how MRD detection in MM fits within this context. In parallel, this article will also describe the FDA current device clearance process with emphasis on the analytical development as it might apply to an in vitro diagnostic assay for the detection of MRD in MM. It is anticipated that this Special Issue may possibly represent how MRD might serve as a drug development tool in hematological malignancies. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Smartphone‐based activity recognition independent of device orientation and placement
Authors: Guo Haodong , Chen Ling , Chen Gencai , Lv Mingqi
Published: June 2015

Traditional activity recognition methods based on accelerometers generally assume that the orientation and placement of sensing devices are fixed. However, the orientation and placement of smartphones, the most widely used sensing devices, usually cannot be controlled in daily lives. As a result, the activity recognition performance would be greatly affected. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a smartphone‐based activity recognition method, which is independent of device orientation and placement. First, the original 3D acceleration signals are mapped into a uniform reference coordinate system. Then, we apply multi‐dimensional motif discovery techniques for the smartphone‐based activity recognition problem. Experimental results show that our method can achieve better performance (with 85.2% precision and 82.9% recall) than other methods under the condition of unfixed orientation and placement. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.