bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENHANCING PHOSPHORUS SOLUBILITY FROM ROCK PHOSPHATE INTEGRATED WITH FARMYARD MANURE IN P-DEFICIENT SOIL
Authors: Lahori A. H. , Memon K. S. , Memon M. , Vambol V. , Yasoob H. , Aziz A. , Naheed Z.
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to assess the solubility of phosphorus from rock phosphate incubated with farmyard manure under laboratory condition.  The treatments were factorial combination of three rates each of RP (0, 2, and 4 tons ha-1) and farm yard manure (0, 10 and 20 tons ha-1). These treatments were applied to 100 g soil contained in plastic vials with three replications. Seven such sets of 27 vials each were prepared to represent seven incubation periods namely 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days. The results showed that Olsen -P improved significantly with increasing rate of rock phosphate from 0 to 4 tons ha-1 and that of farmyard manure from 0 to 20 tons ha-1. Initial available P content of soil was 4.59 mg kg-1 which enhanced up to 10.55 mg kg-1 as a result of 90 days incubation. Addition of rock phosphate and farmyard manure increased it to maximum value of 23.03 mg kg-1 with incorporation of rock phosphate at 4 tons ha-1 and farmyard manure at 20 tons ha-1. Thus, positive response of rock phosphate and farmyard manure was clearly evident on Olsen-P values due to enhancement of soil organic matter. It is concluded that  there  is potential  for utilization of local rock phosphate by solubilising the P using farmyard manure. Soil incubation for the prolonged period of 90 days with rock phosphate and farmyard manure helped to enhance the solubility of P from rock phosphate. It is recommended that further experiments may be performed along with different bio-char, vermicompost, organic acids etc. which can help solubilise P from rock phosphate under field trials. For the first time, the feasibility of using agricultural fertilizer (manure) to increase the solubility of phosphorus from rock phosphate is experimentally substantiated. The practical value of this study is to achieve two effects simultaneously, namely, improving the fertility of agricultural lands depleted in phosphorus and utilizing agricultural fertilizer (manure).
The first interception of Agapanthiola leucaspis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Western Ukraine and remarks on its biogeography and bionomy
Authors: Zamoroka A. , Hleba V.
Published: December 2019

Agapanthiola leucaspis is a steppic the long horn beetle widely distributed from Pannonian Plane in Europe to Mongolian Plateau in Asia. A. leucaspis previously was known only from the Pontic Steppe Region in Ukraine, which includes both Crimea Peninsula and Ukrainian Mainland. Here we reported the first record of A. leucaspis in Western Ukraine. We assume that A. leucaspis expands its areal northward in the light of the current climatic changes. We analyzed global geographical range of A. leucaspis and estimated current borders of its areal. We also summarized data on A. leucaspis Bionomy including food plants, habitats and life circle.
Insecta Neuroptera of the Galician National Park
Authors: Serediuk H.
Published: December 2019

At the present stage of the study of the fauna of the Neuroptera Galician National Park, there are 11 species belonging to seven genera, three families. The species Chrysopa commata Kis & Ujhelyi was marked for the western region of Ukraine for the first time as well as the species Chrysopa hungarica Klap for the pre-Carpathian region.
Anthropochorous species of land molluscs in Western Ukraine
Authors: Gural-Sverlova Nina , Savchuk Sophia
Published: December 2019

The data on the recent distribution of 19 anthropochorous species of the land molluscs in Western Ukraine, which may become the basis for monitoring their further resettlement in the region, are summarized. For the first time the presence of the Balkan species Tandonia kusceri and the Crimean species Monacha fruticola in Western Ukraine is mentioned.
Dynamics and energy provision of cargo transportation systems in food packing lines
Authors: Vasylkivsky K. , Gidzhelitsky V. , Lapin A.
Published: December 2019

The work is related to the search for the possibilities of using internal energy resources in transport and technological systems by the example of food packaging lines packed in glass containers. Trends in switching to high-performance lines have led to the need for their equipment with dual-purpose transport systems. Obviously, the first task is to ensure the movement of artificial products in the respective sections between units of technological machines, and the second component of their task - to fulfill the role of storage devices in combination with the need for restructuring mass flows. This combination of tasks has led to the exclusive use of closed circuit circuits with two friction planes in transport systems. Meanwhile, it is known that energy costs in mechanical systems are associated with the need to achieve the specified levels of kinetic energy of the moving masses in order to overcome the forces of harmful and useful resistance. The peculiarity of such transport systems is the constant presence of transients and dynamic components of loads. The study complements the known dynamic manifestations with new ratios of indicators for the possibility of energy recovery. In the transportation systems for glass production of foodstuffs, the driving factors in most cases are represented by friction forces. Simultaneously, the closure of kinematic pairs between the products and the supporting moving planes is due to gravity forces, which, in cases where their velocities do not coincide, leads to the formation of an additional friction plane with a corresponding increase in energy costs and dynamic components of the loads. The uneven velocity of the closed circuit circuits is accompanied by additional relative displacements at certain ratios of kinematic and geometric parameters. An appropriate set of parameters is achievable by eliminating these additional displacements of the product arrays relative to the reference planes and limiting energy costs. The use of rigid kinematic bonds in parallel systems allows for changes in velocities in counter-phases and provides energy recovery. With stabilized kinematic parameters, compared to single-stream systems, higher loads of drive motors with improved performance are achieved.
Dynamic synthesis of jogging process of sheets in a stack on the joggers
Authors: Pasika V. , Kazmirovich R. , Kazmirovich O. , Goncharuk O.
Published: December 2019

The article conducted analysis of factors affecting the quality and productivity of the formation of sheets in a stack on the joggers and the dynamic synthesis of the jogging process. The purpose of the work is determination of such parameters of jogging perturbation and the angle of inclination of the vibrate table, at which the alignment will take within the shortest time. The jogging process, which contains the running start and run out, is the considered in detail. The hypothesis has pulled out and confirmed that under jogging conditions there may be conditions under which a stack of sheets will be in the state of "free-body". It`s represented, that moving of the stack is possible only when the table is tilted and vibrated, the acceleration amplitude of which will be not less than the acceleration of the Earth's gravity. The time of stay of the table is in the state of "free body" determined depending on the angle of inclination, frequency and amplitude of the vibration table. The following graphs it is possible to estimate time of alignment of sheets in a stack of from the angle and vibration parameters.
ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ ОДЕРЖАННЯ ЧУТЛИВОГО ЕЛЕМЕНТА ДЛЯ ДАТЧИКА ІНФРАЧЕРВОНОГО ВИПРОМІНЮВАННЯ
Authors: С.В. Луньов  , Ю.А. Удовицька  , М.В. Хвищун  , С.А. Мороз  , В.Т. Маслюк
Published: December 2019

Встановлено на основі вимірювань iнфрачервоної Фур’є-спектроскопiї та ефекту Холла, що основними типами радіаційних дефектів в опромінених електронами монокристалах кремнію є кисневмісні комплекси, до складу яких входить міжвузловий вуглець та легуюча домішка. Досліджувані монокристали кремнію в процесі вирощування за методом Чохральського легувались домішкою фосфору, концентрацією Nd=2,2·1016 см-3, та в подальшому опромінювались при кімнатній температурі потоком електронів 1·1017 ел./см2 з енергією 12 МеВ. Показано, що для таких технологічних умов вирощування та опромінення монокристалів кремнію потоком швидких електронів є досить ефективним утворення в об’ємі даних монокристалів А-центрів, додатково модифікованих домішкою фосфору (комплексів VOiP). Радіаційна обробка досліджуваних монокристалів кремнію дозволила підвищити їх коефіцієнт фоточутливості при кімнатній температурі більше як в 2 рази для довжини хвилі інфрачервоного випромінювання λ~11,6 мкм, що відповідає поглинанню радіаційними дефектами, яким належать комплекси CiOi (міжвузловий вуглець - кисень). Показано, що при температурах нижчих за кімнатну з’являється ще одна смуга поглинання при λ~11,3 мкм, що відповідає комплексам VOiP. Запропонована технологія одержання монокристалів кремнію може бути використана для створення на їх основі елементів інфрачервоної техніки для довжин хвиль λ~11,6 мкм та λ~11,3 мкм., які зможуть функціонувати в широкому діапазоні температур.
ВПЛИВ РОЗМІРІВ ЗЕРЕН КРИСТАЛІЧНОГО ПОРОШКУ НА ІНТЕНСИВНІСТЬ ГЕНЕРАЦІЇ ДРУГОЇ ГАРМОНІКИ
Authors: Мирончук Д.Б., студент.  , Кот Ю.О., студент  , Мирончук Г.Л. к.ф.м.н., доц.  , Замуруєва О.В., к.ф.-м.н.
Published: December 2019

У даній роботі проведено аналіз впливу ширини забороненої зони та середніх розмірів зерен на інтенсивність генерації другої гармоніки кристалів AgGaGeS4 та AgGaGe3Se8. Отриманий результат свідчить про те, що багатокомпонентні халькогеніди, а саме AgGaGeS4 та AgGaGe3Se8, є перспективними нелінійно-оптичними матеріалами, оскільки в них поріг лазерного пошкодження є більшим, а нелінійно-оптичний відгук порівняний із комерційно використовуваними AgGaS2 та AgGaSe2.
МЕХАНІЗМ ФОТОЛЮМІНЕСЦЕНЦІЇ МОНОКРИСТАЛУ (Ga54.59In44.66Er0.75)2S300
Authors: Галян В.В.  , Іващенко І.А.  , Олексеюк І.Д.  , Федосов С.А.  , Третяк А.П.  , Данилюк І.В.,  , Лебедь О.О.  , Кевшин А.Г.  , Тищенко П.В.
Published: December 2019

Монокристал (Ga54.59In44.66Er0.75)2S300 вирощений методом розчину-розплаву і опромінений γ-променями дозою 420, 1260, 2520, 5040 Гр з допомогою джерела 60Co. Зафіксовано інтенсивне люмінесцентне випромінювання в інтервалах 1,48 – 1,61 і 0,75 – 0,86 еВ при збудженні лазером із довжиною хвилі 532 нм. Побудовано діаграму енергетичних рівнів для іонів Ербію та встановлено механізм випромінювання, в якому важливу роль відіграє процес кросрелаксації. При високих дозах опромінення (2520, 5040 Гр) відбувається збільшення інтенсивності люмінесцентного випромінювання, яке пов’язується із ростом концентрації γ-індукованих дефектів кристалу.
HEAD AND NECK CANCER IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY- A HOSPITAL BASED RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ACROSS 10 YEARS FROM PAKISTAN
Authors: Anwer Abdul Waheed , Faisal Muhammad , Malik Awais Amjad , Jamshed Arif , Hussain Raza , Pirzada Muhammad Taqi
Published: December 2019

Purpose: Head and neck cancers (HNC) are among the most common cancers in developing countries, especially in the Southeast Asia. Oral cavity is the most commonly affected site. The risk factors are tobacco, betel nut and alcohol. The dimensions of the disease are quite different in developing countries than the western world. Poor socioeconomic status, poverty, lack of healthcare facilities and illiteracy are the factors that pose a major challenge to the management of the disease. The aim of this study is to analyse the database that has been collected over a period of 10 years showing the trends of the disease and the management outcome of these individuals.Methods: Men and women diagnosed with HNC from 2004 to 2014 from Cancer Registry Database of Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre have been retrospectively analysed.Results: In the 10 year period a total of 5027 patients presented to the head and neck clinic at our institution with a mean age + standard deviation of patients of 58.33 + 20.54. Oral cavity (42.6%) and larynx (13%) were the two mostcommon sites followed by the less frequent ones. Squamous cell carcinoma ranked as the most common histological type presented to our institute (69.2%), followed by basal cell carcinoma (6.6%), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (4%), adenoid cystic carcinoma (3.6%) and 1.9% adenocarcinoma.Conclusions: Being a third world country, the burden of the disease on the healthcare system is enormous. With limited resources and funding, there is a need to train people in the speciality and develop the National Cancer ControlProgram (NCCP) for better monitoring and disease control.Key words: Developing country, head and neck cancer, health infrastructure
EVALUATION OF CLUSTERED MICROCALCIFICATIONS, INITIALLY GRADED AS LIKELY MALIGNANT ON BASELINE MAMMOGRAPHY, WITH STEREOTACTIC BIOPSY: A RAD-PATH CORRELATION
Authors: Babar Hafsa Shahwaiz , Rehman Anis ur , Babar Ali Zargham , Niazi Imran Khalid
Published: December 2019

Background: Stereotactic-guided breast biopsy is an invincible tool to sample abnormalities visible only on mammography with subtle or occult ultrasound findings. Common mammographic abnormalities which require stereotactic core biopsy include calcifications, architectural distortion and satellite lesions. With advancement in techniques for adequate localisation of lesions, the use of stereotactic needle breast biopsy is exponentially increasing. A study was performed to look for frequency of benignancy or malignancy of microcalcifications and architectural distortions in patients initially falling in malignant category of Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System of American College of Radiology (BI-RADS®) Assessment Categories.Materials and Methods: Patient presenting in outpatient (OPD) clinic who underwent stereotactic biopsies for labelled malignant on mammograms from May 2015 to May 2018 was included in retrospective study. Age, technique used, baseline mammogram and histopathology were reviewed.Results: A total of 91 patients underwent stereotactic biopsy. Age range varied between 28 and 81 years. Stereotacticguided biopsies were taken using a standard 14-gauge core needle with long throw of 22 mm excursion. None of the biopsy was inconclusive. In comparison with baseline mammograms and histopathology, 40% of the clusters of microcalcification which were initially labelled as malignant turned out to be malignant on histopathology as well, whereas 60% were reported as benign breast parenchyma.Conclusion: Agreement between the diagnostic accuracy of microcalcifications on mammogram and histopathology of same lesions after stereotactic biopsy was comparable to international figures with probability of being benign surpassing malignant on routine screening.Key words: Breast cancer, mammography, microcalcifications, stereotactic biopsy
Community-Based Homestay Tourism and Its Influence on Indigenous Gastronomic Heritage
Authors: Chitrakar Kishor , Carr Neil , Albrecht Julia N.
Published: December 2019

The Panauti homestay project is an emerging community-based homestay initiative in Nepal. Panauti is the homeland of the indigenous Newar people, known for their rich gastronomic heritage. However, the ethnic food heritage of the Newars is rapidly changing. This article examines the
impact of community-based homestay tourism on the indigenous Newar community in Panauti through the lens of the local gastronomic heritage. Semistructured interviews and participant observations were used as qualitative methods during first authors' 3-month stay in the homestay destination.
The findings identify and discuss the significant influence of homestay tourism on the food culture of the host families. The bottom-up tourism approach characteristic of community homestays has helped to sustain many elements of the traditional ethnic gastronomy in Panauti's rapidly changing
food culture. Alongside this, tourism has helped to adapt the indigenous culinary heritage to influences from other food cultures, making it more eclectic and dynamic.
Visual narrative comprehension: Universal or not?
Authors: Cohn Neil
Published: December 2019

Visual narratives of sequential images – as found in comics, picture stories, and storyboards – are often thought to provide a fairly universal and transparent message that requires minimal learning to decode. This perceived transparency has led to frequent use of sequential images as experimental stimuli in the cognitive and psychological sciences to explore a wide range of topics. In addition, it underlines efforts to use visual narratives in science and health communication and as educational materials in both classroom settings and across developmental, clinical, and non-literate populations. Yet, combined with recent studies from the linguistic and cognitive sciences, decades of research suggest that visual narratives involve greater complexity and decoding than widely assumed. This review synthesizes observations from cross-cultural and developmental research on the comprehension and creation of visual narrative sequences, as well as findings from clinical psychology (e.g., autism, developmental language disorder, aphasia). Altogether, this work suggests that understanding the visual languages found in comics and visual narratives requires a fluency that is contingent on exposure and practice with a graphic system.
Air oxidation of sulfur mustard gas simulants using a pyrene-based metal–organic framework photocatalyst
Authors: Ayoub Ghada , Arhangelskis Mihails , Zhang Xuan , Son Florencia , Islamoglu Timur , Friščić Tomislav , Farha Omar K
Published: December 2019

We demonstrate a microporous metal–organic framework NU-400 based on a 2,7-disubstituted pyrene linker as a highly efficient photosensitizer for generating singlet oxygen and subsequent oxidative degradation of chemical warfare agents (CWAs). The high activity of NU-400 permits photocatalytic conversion of the 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) mustard gas simulant into a benign sulfoxide derivative, in air, with less than 15 minutes’ half-life. This is a considerable improvement to NU-1000, based on a 1,3,6,8-tetrasubstituted pyrene unit, demonstrating how variation of the substitution pattern of a metal–organic framework linker permits modification of its photoactive behavior.
Comparison of Ondansetron and Granisetron Effects for Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting Following Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Salajagheh Shirin , Kuhestani Soodeh , Sharifzadeh Kermani Mahdieh , Taheri Omid , Naeimi Bafghi Naeimeh
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complaint after strabismus surgery that leads to unpleasantness, increased hospitalisation time and increased costs. In severe cases, it can lead to dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, aspiration, pneumonia, and even sutures opening.
AIM: This study was conducted to compare the effects of both ondansetron and granisetron on the reduction of PONV after strabismus surgery.
METHODS: This randomised, and the double-blind clinical study was conducted on patients with ASA I and II undergoing strabismus surgery with age over 3 years old in Shafa Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences during 2017 under general anaesthesia. Patients with inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to one of three groups including Ondansetron (A), Granisetron (B) and control group (C). Matching cases and controls on drugs were fully completed. Furthermore, 100 μg/kg of Ondansetron was intravenously injected, followed by injection of 40 μg/kg Granisetron for another intervention group. All patients underwent the same anaesthetic procedure and intravenous injection of drugs during anaesthesia induction. The severity of nausea and vomiting in recovery, 6 and 18 hours after the operation were verified according to the Verbal Rating Scale (VRS). Our data were analysed by Chi-square, ANOVA and TUKEY tests via SPSS version 18.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of age and sex. The incidence of postoperative nausea in recovery among three groups of A, B and C was determined to be 15, 7.5 and 37.5%, respectively. No significant difference was found between the two groups A and B (P = 0.68), although there was a significant difference between these two groups and group C (P < 0.05). The incidence of nausea at 6 hours after surgery in groups A, B and C was recorded as 40, 15 and 65% respectively, indicating that the incidence of nausea in group B was significantly lower than the other two groups, while showed a significant difference with group A (P = 0.039) and group C (P < 0.05). Also, the incident of nausea between groups was not statistically significant 18 hours after surgery (P < 0.05). Additionally, no significant difference was found in different groups in terms of vomiting incidence in recovery, 6 and 18 hours after surgery (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that Granisetron is more effective in preventing PONV during 6 hours after the surgery in comparison with Ondansetron which makes it a favourable alternative for preventing PONV.
Self-Sealing Sclerotomies for Sutureless Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Authors: Rahman Rubena , Rosen Paul H , Riddell Claire , Towler Hamish
Published: December 2019

* OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of self-sealing pars plana sclerotomies for vitrectomy and to identify complications associated with this new technique.

* METHOD: There were 150 self-sealing sclerotomies performed in 50 patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy between October 1996 and March 1998.

* RESULTS: Of the 150 sclerotomies, 115 (76.6%) did not require suturing while 35 (23.3%) were closed with one radial 7.0 vicryl suture. The scleral tunnel incisions ensured minimal loss of intraocular fluids during instrument exchange and scleral plugs were not required to avoid ocular hypotony during scleral indentation. Distortion of scleral flap incisions requiring a suture were commonly seen in procedures using multiple instrumentations and extensive explants.

* CONCLUSIONS: Sutureless sclerotomies are simple to perform, save operative time, and reduce the risk of peroperative hypotony following removal of instruments or the infusion cannula. The technique reduces postoperative inflammation, suture-related problems including astigmatism, and allows more rapid rehabilitation.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:462-466]
Population status and demographics of Lake Sturgeon in the Bad and White rivers, Wisconsin
Authors: Schloesser Joshua T. , Quinlan Henry R.
Published: December 2019

Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens rehabilitation efforts in Lake Superior are guided by a rehabilitation plan that sets goals and criteria for a self-sustaining population, including a minimum of 1,500 mature adults, roughly equal sex ratio, and annual exploitation rates < 5%. The Bad and White rivers, Wisconsin host a genetically unique Lake Sturgeon population that is utilized by state-licensed recreational anglers and tribal subsistence fishers. Our objectives were to 1) determine if the Bad River population meets rehabilitation plan targets for a self-sustaining population, 2) assess harvest of Lake Sturgeon by recreational anglers and tribal subsistence fishers for compatibility with rehabilitation goals, 3) determine population trajectory from annual spawning runs, and 4) describe population demographics given the unique physical features of Lake Superior. We sampled Lake Sturgeon in the Bad and White rivers with gill nets over a 17-y period (2001 to 2017). The observed sex ratio in spawning runs was 2.2:1 (male : female), but calculated at 1.6:1 for the entire adult population on the basis of abundance estimates. Weight–length relationships converted to a standardized modified form factor indicated lower condition and possibly lower female fecundity compared with other large North American populations. Annual spawning run size estimates over time indicated that the population trajectory was stable to slightly increasing, and during 2016 was 739 and 241 individuals in the Bad and White rivers, respectively. Total population size (including nonspawners) exceeded 1,500 individuals, which met Lake Superior rehabilitation criteria for a self-sustaining population. Estimates of 1,426 males and 882 females were considered conservative because 472 unknown-sex fish could not be accounted for in return time and abundance models. Spawning return times were 2 or 3 y for males and 4 to 6 y for females, longer than many other populations. Exploitation by recreational anglers and tribal subsistence fishers was 1.3% or lower and met the rehabilitation plan target of < 5%, but we recommend exploitation not exceed 3.1% to maintain a self-sustaining population. These findings help gauge rehabilitation progress in Lake Superior and better describe the demographics of a remnant self-sustaining Lake Sturgeon population in Lake Superior.
Determination of Coefficients for Defining the Deformations when Calculating Reinforced Concrete Structures on Deformation and Cracking Disclosure
Authors: Peresypkin Evgeniy N. , Peresypkin Sergey E.
Published: December 2019

The problem of determining the coefficient of averaging the deformations in tensioned reinforcement when calculating reinforced concrete structures according to the limiting states of the second group is considered. An assessment is made of the effect on it of the adhesion stresses distribution type between the reinforcement and the concrete.
Strain-Stress State Analysis of Bolted Connection of Thin-Walled Steel Profiles in Tension and Compression
Authors: Ustimenko Evgenii E. , Skachkov Sergey V.
Published: December 2019

This work is performed within the study of framed structures with thin-walled profile elements. The results are provided for a numerical study of a three-bolt connection of a thin-walled galvanized plate with thickness of 1.5 mm and a metal-roll plate with thickness of 3 mm with the use of bolts with adjustable stress. Analytical models were created with the use of 3D elements in the Ansys software, taking into account strength properties of the materials.
Fibrinogen Is a Specific Trigger for Cytolytic Eosinophil Degranulation
Authors: Coden Mackenzie E. , Loffredo Lucas F. , Walker Matthew T. , Jeong Brian M. , Nam Kiwon , Bochner Bruce S. , Abdala-Valencia Hiam , Berdnikovs Sergejs
Published: December 2019

In inflamed human tissues, we often find intact eosinophilic granules, but not eosinophils themselves. Eosinophils, tissue-dwelling granulocytes with several homeostatic roles, have a surprising association with fibrinogen and tissue remodeling. Fibrinogen is a complex glycoprotein with regulatory roles in hemostasis, tumor development, wound healing, and atherogenesis. Despite its significance, the functional link between eosinophils and fibrinogen is not understood. We tested IL-5–primed mouse bone marrow–derived and human blood–sorted eosinophil activity against FITC-linked fibrinogen substrates. The interactions between these scaffolds and adhering eosinophils were quantified using three-dimensional laser spectral, confocal, and transmission electron microscopy. Eosinophils were labeled with major basic protein (MBP) Ab to visualize granules and assessed by flow cytometry. Both mouse and human eosinophils showed firm adhesion and degraded up to 27 ± 3.1% of the substrate area. This co-occurred with active MBP-positive granule release and the expression of integrin CD11b. Mass spectrometry analysis of fibrinogen proteolytic reactions detected the presence of eosinophil peroxidase, MBP, and fibrin α-, β-, and γ-chains. Eosinophil activity was adhesion dependent, as a blocking Ab against CD11b significantly reduced adhesion, degranulation, and fibrinogenolysis. Although adhered, eosinophils exhibited no proteolytic activity on collagen matrices. Cytolytic degranulation was defined by loss of membrane integrity, cell death, and presence of cell-free granules. From transmission electron microscopy images, we observed only fibrinogen-exposed eosinophils undergoing this process. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show that fibrinogen is a specific trigger for cytolytic eosinophil degranulation with implications in human disease.
Comité de Integración y Desarrollo Fronterizo Perú-Chile: aproximaciones al mundo social y empresarial en torno a la frontera
Authors: Álvarez Torres Camila
Published: December 2019

Este artículo analiza los logros y obstáculos del Comité de Integración y Desarrollo Fronterizo (CIDF) –como espacio de concertación transfronteriza– en la frontera chileno-peruana entre los años 2012 y 2016. Para ello, aborda las estrategias de relacionamiento del mundo social y empresarial ariqueños, partiendo por la interacción de sus actores más relevantes dentro y fuera del CIDF. Se realizaron entrevistas a diversos actores sociales, económicos y estatales ariqueños que evidenciaron disímiles comportamientos respecto de la frontera y sus espacios institucionales de contacto. Se concluye que el gremio empresarial ligado al transporte y la construcción es renuente al contacto transfronterizo, mientras que el gremio ligado al servicio turístico ha tenido una disposición más abierta a sus pares tacneños. El mundo social, por su parte, se inclina por una mirada integracionista.
El Going Out agrícola de China. Un análisis de su desarrollo en Argentina
Authors: Mora Sol
Published: December 2019

La extraordinaria demanda de materias primas de la República Popular China provocó un inusitado incremento de las importaciones de commodities. No obstante, con posterioridad a la crisis alimentaria mundial de 2008, China privilegió la Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) como mecanismo para garantizar su abastecimiento alimentario doméstico. Como resultado, la agricultura adquirió un lugar prioritario dentro de la estrategia de Going Out. A pesar del abrupto desembarco de IED chinas en sectores primario-extractivos en Argentina, la literatura académica dirigió limitada atención al avance de los capitales de China en la agricultura. Este artículo analiza la forma en que China ha desplegado su estrategia de IED agrícola en Argentina en el período 2010-2016. Para ello, emplea una metodología cualitativa a partir de un relevamiento de las iniciativas de China en Argentina sobre la base de la prensa, publicaciones académicas y fuentes gubernamentales. Ello permite distinguir tres modalidades dentro la estrategia, en las que las inversiones se dirigieron a la tierra, a los servicios agrícolas y a la cadena de valor agrícola.
Cheat software – ‘doping’ in online games
Authors: Lober Andreas , Conraths Timo
Published: December 2019

This article considers the legal issues surrounding the use of cheat software in online games, especially with reference to those games featuring significant online multiplayer functionality, such as massively multiplayer online games. Given the propensity of cheat software to ruin the gaming experience of bona fide players in such multiplayer settings, potentially resulting in significant economic and reputational losses for game publishers, the article evaluates the methods which may be employed by the game publisher to restrict the development, distribution and use of cheat software by the latter's developers, publishers and users. Using provisions of trademark, copyright and competition law, the authors examine the tools available to game publishers to stifle the spread of cheat software and maintain a fair playing field within their online multiplayer games.
Withdrawal right waivers for in-game currency under EU law
Authors: Hilgert Felix
Published: December 2019

Consumers in the EU have a discretionary withdrawal right for online transactions. For 14 days (or longer, if they have not been properly informed of this right), they can cancel the contract and claim a refund. This right is generally mandatory and can only be contractually waived in advance in contracts for the provision of digital content. German courts have handed down a series of judgments confirming that virtual in-game currency qualifies as digital content for the purpose of this exception and clarifying the conditions under which such waivers can be obtained. Most decisions indicate waiver language can be integrated into the purchase flow prior to the final purchase decision, with some courts requiring a separate checkbox. One decision would force providers to implement separate consent mechanisms after the consumer has made the purchase but before the virtual currency is made available to them. In any event, implementing the requirements set out by German courts also requires the cooperation of distribution platforms.
Reining in the rules for ‘lost profits’ damages in patent law
Authors: Abdussalam Moshood
Published: December 2019

The thesis of this paper is that the prevailing model governing the computation of patent lost profits damages in Commonwealth jurisdictions does not align well with the true nature of the patent system and is therefore apt to derail the social welfare intendments of the system. The article makes this argument based on two principal considerations. The first is that the current model encourages judicial speculation on patentees' compensatory entitlement, thereby creating room for inherent lottery or windfall effects for patentees. The second, which advances the first, is that the prevailing model flies in the face of both the contemporary state of innovation and the social welfare objectives of the patent system. The submission of this paper is that to correct this state of affairs, where patented goods have perfect and imperfect market substitutes, then reasonable royalties alone are sufficient as a monetary remedy. However, where patented goods have ‘zero’ market substitutes (ie where the infringer could not have competed without infringing), only then would it be proper to apply lost profit damages.
Duty of care of the link service provider: judicial experiences in China
Authors: Yu Ling
Published: December 2019

Chinese law has adopted the safe harbour principle from American law which emphasizes that Internet Service Providers (ISPs) do not have a general obligation for monitoring. However, in judicial practice, the courts have put forward the requirement of duty of care. This paper analyses the Chinese courts’ judgments since 2001, when legislative protection of the ‘right to network dissemination of information’ was introduced. It intends to analyse the specific contents of the duty of care of ISPs and related impact factors in judicial practice, including the link model, link content, and whether to obtain economic benefits.
MOBILIDADE PENDULAR, TERRITÓRIO E MULTITERRITORIALIDADE NA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR NO BRASIL
Authors: Alexandrino Verdi Kenedy , Santos Mauro Augusto
Published: December 2019

No Brasil, o acesso ao ensino superior aumentou consideravelmente nas últimas décadas, abarcando novos segmentos da sociedade não alcançados até então. Se antes era necessário que uma parte considerável da população migrasse para as capitais e grandes centros urbanos para cursar o ensino superior, agora, com o gradual processo de interiorização das instituições de ensino superior, tornou-se possível graduar-se sem a necessidade de abandonar o município de residência. O deslocamento cotidiano entre o município de residência e o município onde estudam – chamado de movimento pendular – faz com que esses indivíduos transitem por diferentes territórios. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é discutir a mobilidade pendular na educação superior a partir dos conceitos de território e multiterritorialidade. Buscou-se evidenciar a necessidade de se compreender melhor as inter-relações culturais, sociais e pessoais vividas pelos estudantes que interagem nos territórios-zonas, assim como observar as ações político-administrativas ligados às relações de poder que a pós-modernidade trouxe aliada à mobilidade social.
User Experience Design
Authors: Allanwood Gavin , Beare Peter
Published: December 2019

Applicable to a wide spectrum of design activity, this book offers an ideal first step, clearly explaining fundamental concepts and methods to apply when designing for the user experience.

Covering essential topics from user research and experience design to aesthetics, standards and prototyping, User Experience Design explains why user-centered methods are now essential to ensuring the success of a wide range of design projects.

This second edition includes important new topics including; digital service standards, onboarding and scenario mapping. There are now 12 hands-on activities designed to help you start exploring basic UX tasks such as visualising the user journey and recognising user interface patterns.

Filled with straightforward explanations and examples from around the world, this book is an essential primer for students and non-designers needing an introduction to contemporary UX thinking and common approaches. Designed specifically for newcomers to UX Design, the companion website offers extra material for hands-on activities, templates, industry interviews, contributor notes and sources of guidance for those seeking to start a career in the industry.
Format for Graphic Designers
Authors: Ambrose Gavin , Harris Paul
Published: December 2019

From traditional print to digital formats for mobile phones and tablets, this book provides a clear introduction to the creative use of format in graphic design. Using 200 inspirational examples from contemporary international designers, Format for Graphic Designers guides the student through the role of format in both the purpose and the narrative of a design. The authors look at the physical aspects of formats - traditional and experimental, print and digital - to explore innovative solutions and, through case studies, explore how and why professional designers choose particular formats for a job. Covering everything from books and magazines, point-of-purchase displays, packaging, direct mail, brochures, and screen-based formats, the new edition illuminates this critical element of design practice for students, and provides them with a solid foundation on which to build their own designs.
Holistic approach to opioid use disorder: Think nitric oxide!
Authors: Sackner, MD Marvin A. , Lopez, MD Jose R. , Banderas, BA TR Veronica , Adams. MD Jose A.
Published: December 2019

This review deals with opioid addiction, chronic pain, and an innovative, noninvasive technology with simultaneous, beneficial applications for both conditions. This technology, called passive simulated jogging device (GENTLE JOGGER, JD) targets addiction and pain by increasing endothelial nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. It can be self-administered while sitting or lying without resorting to multitasking thereby allowing watching television or operating a computer while effortless, physical activity is produced from motorized foot pedals repetitively striking a bumper at 175-190 times per minute which adds small pulses to the circulation. This action increases shear stress (friction) to vascular endothelium that stimulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to increase NO that decreases oxidative stress and inflammation, and, slows accelerated vascular ageing associated with opioids.Since the 1970s, clonidine, lofexidine, and dexmedetomidine have been used off-label to suppress opioid withdrawal symptoms precipitated by excessive release of norepinephrine. These pharmacotherapy aids to withdrawal and tapering opioid dosagadrenoceptor agonists that act through eNOS to inhibit norepinephrine. Increasing NO as with JD and/ or in conjunction with opioid agonists should help stabilization, tapering, withdrawal, and relapses stages of addiction. Nitric oxide as increased with JD technology is antinociceptive as demonstrated in chronic and subacute pain states, viz., fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, peripheral arterial disease, delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), and sickle cell disease. Jogging device decreases elevated blood pressure that is produced with physical inactivity, a risk to opioid use disorder (OUD). Thus, JD provides holistic, cost-effective approach to opioid addiction as well as chronic and subacute pain.
Six-year source apportionment of submicron organic aerosols from near-continuous highly time-resolved measurements at SIRTA (Paris area, France)
Authors: Zhang Yunjiang , Favez Olivier , Petit Jean-Eudes , Canonaco Francesco , Truong Francois , Bonnaire Nicolas , Crenn Vincent , Amodeo Tanguy , Prévôt Andre S. H. , Sciare Jean , Gros Valerie , Albinet Alexandre
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Organic aerosol (OA) particles are recognized as key factors influencing air
quality and climate change. However, highly time-resolved long-term
characterizations of their composition and sources in ambient air are still
very limited due to challenging continuous observations. Here, we present an
analysis of long-term variability of submicron OA using the combination of
an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) and a multiwavelength Aethalometer
from November 2011 to March 2018 at a peri-urban background site of the
Paris region (France). Source apportionment of OA was achieved via partially
constrained positive matrix factorization (PMF) using the multilinear engine
(ME-2). Two primary OA (POA) and two oxygenated OA (OOA) factors were
identified and quantified over the entire studied period. POA factors were
designated as hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) and biomass burning OA (BBOA). The
latter factor presented a significant seasonality with higher concentrations
in winter with significant monthly contributions to OA (18 %–33 %) due to
enhanced residential wood burning emissions. HOA mainly originated from
traffic emissions but was also influenced by biomass burning in cold
periods. OOA factors were distinguished between their less- and
more-oxidized fractions (LO-OOA and MO-OOA, respectively). These factors
presented distinct seasonal patterns, associated with different atmospheric
formation pathways. A pronounced increase in LO-OOA concentrations and
contributions (50 %–66 %) was observed in summer, which may be mainly
explained by secondary OA (SOA) formation processes involving biogenic
gaseous precursors. Conversely, high concentrations and OA contributions
(32 %–62 %) of MO-OOA during winter and spring seasons were partly
associated with anthropogenic emissions and/or long-range transport from
northeastern Europe. The contribution of the different OA factors as a
function of OA mass loading highlighted the dominant roles of POA during
pollution episodes in fall and winter and of SOA for highest springtime and
summertime OA concentrations. Finally, long-term trend analyses indicated a
decreasing feature (of about −175 ng m−3 yr−1) for MO-OOA, very
limited or insignificant decreasing trends for primary anthropogenic
carbonaceous aerosols (BBOA and HOA, along with the fossil-fuel and biomass-burning black carbon components) and no statistically significant trend for
LO-OOA over the 6-year investigated period.
Intercomparison of nitrous acid (HONO) measurement techniques in a megacity (Beijing)
Authors: Crilley Leigh R. , Kramer Louisa J. , Ouyang Bin , Duan Jun , Zhang Wenqian , Tong Shengrui , Ge Maofa , Tang Ke , Qin Min , Xie Pinhua , Shaw Marvin D. , Lewis Alastair C. , Mehra Archit , Bannan Thomas J. , Worrall Stephen D. , Priestley Michael , Bacak Asan , Coe Hugh , Allan James , Percival Carl J. , Popoola Olalekan A. M. , Jones Roderic L. , Bloss William J.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Nitrous acid (HONO) is a key determinant of the daytime radical
budget in the daytime boundary layer, with quantitative measurement required
to understand OH radical abundance. Accurate and precise measurements of
HONO are therefore needed; however HONO is a challenging compound to measure
in the field, in particular in a chemically complex and highly polluted
environment. Here we report an intercomparison exercise between HONO
measurements performed by two wet chemical techniques (the commercially
available a long-path absorption photometer (LOPAP) and a custom-built instrument) and two broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectrophotometer (BBCEAS) instruments at an urban
location in Beijing. In addition, we report a comparison of HONO
measurements performed by a time-of-flight chemical ionization mass
spectrometer (ToF-CIMS) and a selected ion flow tube mass spectrometer
(SIFT-MS) to the more established techniques (wet chemical and BBCEAS). The
key finding from the current work was that all instruments agree on the
temporal trends and variability in HONO (r2 > 0.97), yet they
displayed some divergence in absolute concentrations, with the wet chemical
methods consistently higher overall than the BBCEAS systems by between 12 %
and 39 %. We found no evidence for any systematic bias in any of the
instruments, with the exception of measurements near instrument detection
limits. The causes of the divergence in absolute HONO concentrations were
unclear, and may in part have been due to spatial variability, i.e.
differences in instrument location and/or inlet position, but this observation may
have been more associative than casual.
A comparative evaluation of Aura-OMI and SKYNET near-UV single-scattering albedo products
Authors: Jethva Hiren , Torres Omar
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The aerosol single-scattering albedo (SSA) retrieved by the near-UV
algorithm applied to the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) measurements
(OMAERUV) is compared with an independent inversion product derived from the sky radiometer network SKYNET – a ground-based radiation observation network with sites in Asia and Europe. The present work continues previous efforts
to evaluate the consistency between the retrieved SSA from satellite and
ground sensors. The automated spectral measurements of direct downwelling
solar flux and sky radiances made by the SKYNET Sun-sky radiometer are used as
input to an inversion algorithm that derives spectral aerosol optical depth
(AOD) and single-scattering albedo (SSA) in the near-UV to near-IR spectral
range. The availability of SKYNET SSA measurements in the ultraviolet region
of the spectrum allows, for the first time, a direct comparison with OMI SSA
retrievals eliminating the need of extrapolating the satellite retrievals to
the visible wavelengths as is the case in the evaluation against the Aerosol
Robotic Network (AERONET). An analysis of the collocated retrievals from
over 25 SKYNET sites reveals that about 61 % (84 %) of OMI–SKYNET
matchups agree within the absolute difference of ±0.03 (±0.05)
for carbonaceous aerosols, 50 % (72 %) for dust aerosols, and 45 % (75 %) for urban–industrial aerosol types. Regionally, the agreement
between the two inversion products is robust over several sites in Japan
influenced by carbonaceous and urban–industrial aerosols; at the biomass
burning site Phimai in Thailand; and the polluted urban site in New Delhi, India. The
collocated dataset yields fewer matchups identified as dust aerosols mostly
over the site Dunhuang with more than half of the matchup points confined to within
±0.03 limits. Altogether, the OMI–SKYNET retrievals agree within
±0.03 when SKYNET AOD (388 or 400 nm) is larger than 0.5 and the OMI UV Aerosol Index is larger than 0.2. The remaining uncertainties in both inversion
products can be attributed to specific assumptions made in the retrieval
algorithms, i.e., the uncertain calibration constant, assumption of spectral
surface albedo and particle shape, and subpixel cloud contamination. The
assumption of fixed and spectrally neutral surface albedo (0.1) in the
SKYNET inversion appears to be unrealistic, leading to underestimated SSA,
especially under lower aerosol load conditions. At higher AOD values for
carbonaceous and dust aerosols, however, retrieved SSA values by the two
independent inversion methods are generally consistent in spite of the
differences in retrieval approaches.