bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Men’s Perspectives on Their Grooming Practices and Appearance Concerns: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Hamshaw Richard J. T. , Gavin Jeff
Published: October 2021

This mixed method study explores importance of and influences on men’s grooming behaviors and appearance concerns. Survey data from 83 men based in the United Kingdom showed high social media users engaged in significantly more grooming behaviors than low users. Gay men viewed grooming as significantly more important and implemented more grooming habits than straight men. Qualitative responses yielded themes relating to standards set by traditional media and the blurring of boundaries between traditional and new forms of (social) media. Themes reflected the freedom and constraints of sexuality in relation to grooming as well as the management of attraction and status. More research is needed to consider the impact grooming pressures and influences might have on men in the future.
Intranasal administration of mitochondria improves spatial memory in olfactory bulbectomized mice
Authors: Bobkova Natalia V , Zhdanova Daria Y , Belosludtseva Natalia V , Penkov Nikita V , Mironova Galina D
Published: November 2021

Here, we found that functionally active mitochondria isolated from the brain of NMRI donor mice and administrated intranasally to recipient mice penetrated the brain structures in a dose-dependent manner. The injected mitochondria labeled with the MitoTracker Red localized in different brain regions, including the neocortex and hippocampus, which are responsible for memory and affected by degeneration in patients with Alzheimer's disease. In behavioral experiments, intranasal microinjections of brain mitochondria of native NMRI mice improved spatial memory in the olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) mice with Alzheimer’s type degeneration. Control OBX mice demonstrated loss of spatial memory tested in the Morris water maze. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that allogeneic mitochondria colocalized with the markers of astrocytes and neurons in hippocampal cell culture. The results suggest that a non-invasive route intranasal administration of mitochondria may be a promising approach to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases characterized, like Alzheimer's disease, by mitochondrial dysfunction.
Surgical Outcomes of Selective Laminectomy for Patients With Cervical Kyphosis: A Retrospective Study of 379 Cases
Authors: Ninomiya Ken , Okuyama Kunimasa , Aoyama Ryoma , Nori Satoshi , Yamane Junichi , Suzuki Satoshi , Kitamura Kazuya , Anazawa Ukei , Furukawa Mitsuru , Shiraishi Tateru , Ueda Seiji , Kato Masahiro
Published: October 2021

Study Design

A retrospective study.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the impact of cervical kyphosis on patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) following selective laminectomy (SL) regarding posterior spinal cord shift (PSS), and a number of SLs.

Methods

We evaluated 379 patients with CSM after SL. The patients with kyphosis (group K) were compared with those without kyphosis (group L). Moreover, groups K and L were divided into subgroups KS and KL (SLs ≤ 2) and LS and LL (SLs ≥ 3), respectively, and analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the cut-off value of the C2–C7 angle for satisfactory surgical outcomes, which was defined as a Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) recovery rate of ≥50% in group KS.

Results

The average PSS (mm) in group K was smaller than that in group L (.8 vs 1.4; P < .01), but the JOA recovery rate was comparable between the 2 groups. Meanwhile, the mean PSS and JOA recovery rate (%) in group KS was lower than those in group KL, respectively (.3 vs 1.0; P < .01, 35.1 vs 52.3; P = .047). Moreover, the average PSS of group KS (.6) was smaller than those of other subgroups ( < .01). In addition, the ROC curve analysis showed that the C2–C7 angle of −14.5° could predict satisfactory surgical outcomes in group KS.

Conclusion

Selective laminectomy is not contraindicated for patients with kyphosis, but a larger number of SLs may be indicated for the patients with C2–C7 angles of ≤ −14.5°.
“Defend your right!” How the populist radical right uses references to rights and freedoms to discursively construct identities
Authors: Alekseev Alexander
Published: October 2021

The article explores how the European populist radical right uses references to rights and freedoms in its political discourse. By relying on the findings of the existing research and applying the discourse-historical approach to electoral speeches by Marine Le Pen and Jarosław Kaczyński, the leaders of two very dissimilar EU PRR parties, the Rassemblement National and the Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, the article abductively develops a functional typology of references to rights and freedoms commonly used in discourses of European PRR parties: it suggests that PRR discourses in Europe feature references to the right to sovereignty, citizens’ rights, social rights, and economic rights. Such references are used as a coherent discursive strategy to construct social actors following the PRR ideological core of nativism, authoritarianism, and populism. As the PRR identifies itself with the people, defined along nativist and populist lines, rights are always attributed to it. The PRR represents itself as the defender of the people and its rights, while the elites and the aliens are predicated to threaten the people and its rights. References to rights in PRR discourses intrinsically link the individual with the collective, which allows to construct and promote a populist model of ethnic democracy.
Right and left ventricular function and flow quantification in pediatric patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot using four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Yao Xiaofen , Hu Liwei , Peng Yafeng , Feng Fei , Ouyang Rongzhen , Xie Weihui , Wang Qian , Sun Aimin , Zhong Yumin
Published: October 2021

Background

To assess the accuracy and reproducibility of right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) function and flow measurements in children with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) using four-dimensional (4D) flow, compared with conventional two-dimensional (2D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences.

Methods

Thirty pediatric patients with rTOF were retrospectively enrolled to undergo 2D balanced steady-state free precession cine (2D b-SSFP cine), 2D phase contrast (PC), and 4D flow cardiac MRI. LV and RV volumes and flow in the ascending aorta (AAO) and main pulmonary artery (MPA) were quantified. Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation tests, paired t-tests, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Bland–Altman analysis, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were performed.

Results

The 4D flow scan time was shorter compared with 2D sequences (P < 0.001). The biventricular volumes between 4D flow and 2D b-SSFP cine had no significant differences (P > 0.05), and showed strong correlations (r > 0.90, P < 0.001) and good consistency. The flow measurements of the AAO and MPA between 4D flow and 2D PC showed moderate to good correlations (r > 0.60, P < 0.001). There was good internal consistency in cardiac output. There was good intraobserver and interobserver biventricular function agreement (ICC > 0.85).

Conclusions

RV and LV function and flow quantification in pediatric patients with rTOF using 4D flow MRI can be measured accurately and reproducibly compared to those with conventional 2D sequences.
Risk factors for nonresponsive hydration in patients with spinal cerebrospinal fluid leakage
Authors: Chen Hung-Chieh , Chen Po-Lin , Chai Jyh-Wen , Teng Chieh-Lin Jerry
Published: November 2021

Background

Spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is frequently encountered clinically after lumbar puncture or spontaneous events. Although some patients recover without treatment or after intensive hydration, some require an epidural blood patch (EBP). The risks of nonresponsive hydration remain unknown. Therefore, we identified the risk factors for patients with spinal CSF leakage nonresponsive to hydration.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed with spinal CSF leakage between January 2010 and March 2021. Clinical data, including patient age, sex, etiology, and radiological indications in magnetic resonance imaging, were compared between patients who were responsive and non-responsive to hydration.

Results

Of the 74 patients with spinal CSF leakage, 25 were responsive to hydration and 49 required EBP. Patients who were nonresponsive to hydration were older (39.27 vs. 34.32 years, P = 0.01), had a higher percentage of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (93.88% vs. 68.00%, P = 0.005), had more spinal CSF leakage (12.04 vs. 8.04, P = 0.01), and had a higher percentage of dural sinus engorgement (81.63% vs. 60.00%, P = 0.044). Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (odds ratio [OR]: 4.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-21.38) and having ≥9 spinal CSF leakages (OR: 3.29; 95% CI: 1.08-10.01), as indicated by magnetic resonance myelography, are considered risk factors for noneffective hydration.

Conclusions

Patients with spinal CSF leakage who have spontaneous intracranial hypotension and those with ≥9 spinal CSF leakages are considered at risk for noneffective hydration. EBP should be considered early in these patients.
Development and evaluation of an undergraduate curriculum on non-communicable disease research in Guam: The Pacific Islands Cohort of College Students (PICCS)
Authors: Paulino Yvette C. , Ada Anthony , Dizon John , Benavente Elisha-Rose J. , Campbell Katherine Mary De Luna , Cristobal Breinard , Daughtry Alexandria , Estabillo Lorenz Michael O. , Flisco Victoria Diana Cruz , Badowski Grazyna , Hattori-Uchima Margaret
Published: November 2021

Background

The non-communicable disease (NCD) epidemic among Pacific Islanders prompted the declaration of a regional state of NCD emergency throughout the United States-Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPIs) in 2010. Subsequently, the University of Guam Health Science Program launched a pilot study on NCD research in its undergraduate curriculum modeled after the Pacific Data for Decision Making (DDM) framework – a field epidemiology training program employed in the USAPIs. The primary objective of the research is to conduct annual assessments of student health indicators with plans for longitudinal follow-up. Here, development and evaluation of the undergraduate research curriculum are described.

Methods

The Pacific DDM framework covering knowledge and skills in resourcing, types of data and indicators, data sources, data management, information products, and data dissemination and use were incorporated in undergraduate core courses of the Health Science Program. During the data collection pilot years, 2013 and 2014, a survey containing questions predominantly on NCD risk factors was launched at the university. The survey was administered by upperclassmen in the Health Science Program and evolved into the Pacific Islands Cohort of College Students (PICCS) research study. The initial years were spent developing the infrastructure. Program outputs were tracked annually to measure program success.

Results

Students in the Health Science Program obtained research knowledge and skills through various courses while enrolled in the program. The PICCS data collection continued annually as a cross-sectional survey from 2015 to current. Numerous successes have resulted including student abstracts and publications, acceptances to summer programs and fellowships, a sustained annual health fair for college students, a grant award, and other program-related impacts.

Conclusion

The PICCS framework provided the organizational structure and documented tools, protocols, roles, and responsibilities to enhance consistency and reproducibility. Undergraduate students applied their knowledge and skills to an ongoing study focused on NCD risk factor surveillance of college students. Additionally, multiple research successes have been achieved through the PICCS curriculum. Plans are underway to begin the longitudinal design of the PICCS research study and sustain it through the curriculum, with room for adaptation as courses are updated over time.
Inverted reamer technique for bone grafting of the acetabulum: technical note
Authors: Okutani Yuki , Fujita Hiroshi , Harada Hideto , Kataoka Masanao , Shimizu Yu , Murotani Yoshiki
Published: October 2021

Background

Socket fixation with bone grafting for dysplastic hips is technically demanding, and inadequate coverage of the socket may cause poor results in patients with severely dysplastic hips. An accurate technique to form a bone graft to fit into the defect is necessary. We aim to introduce the simple method of bone grafting, “inverted reamer technique” in cemented total hip arthroplasty (cTHA).

Methods

After acetabular preparation with a normal acetabular reamer, the bone graft was prepared from the resected femoral head with the inverted reamer. The graft can be press-fit into the defect of the acetabulum with good compatibility through this method. Then, the bone graft was fixed with 1–3 screws and the socket was implanted with bone cement.

Results

The “inverted reamer technique” can easily and automatically create a well-fit graft. This method is simple and technically less demanding; it can be performed by every surgeon, including trainee and inexperienced surgeons.

Conclusion

This method can improve the outcome of cTHA for dysplastic hips by preserving bone stock and increasing bone coverage of the socket implanted in the anatomic position.
Observation of the curative effect of Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction combined with methotrexate in the treatment of early rheumatoid arthritis based on ultrasonic evaluation: study protocol of a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Shen Jiaying , Chen Qianwen , Yang Guanghui , He Yikun
Published: November 2021

Background

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with the primary clinical symptoms of joint swelling and pain. Early detection of erosion and synovial inflammation at an active stage resulting from RA can prevent damage to the joints and activity restriction. However, there are still many patients who do not respond to these treatments; the development of newer, safer drugs is urgently needed. Compared to Western medicine, Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction has equal or higher efficacy and safety for RA patients. With the widespread use of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS), this technology holds great value for the degree of joint damage in RA patients, guiding the clinical selection of treatments, and assessing of prognosis. Therefore, we designed a double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial to measure the safety and efficacy of Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction in treating early-stage RA using MSUS.

Methods

This study is a randomized, double-blinded, parallel group, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 152 adult participants with early RA will be enrolled, with balanced treatment allocation (1:1). The experimental intervention will be Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction plus the conventional medicine methotrexate and the control intervention will be placebo plus the conventional drug methotrexate for 3 months. In addition, both groups will receive folic acid during treatment to prevent side effects from methotrexate. The primary outcomes are the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), hepatic and renal function, visual analog scale, disease activity score in 28 joints, measurement scale for TCM symptoms, and 7-joint ultrasound score.

Discussion

We designed this double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction in RA patients using MSUS. The results of this trial may provide insights into how to improve the clinical symptoms of RA patients and delay further joint destruction. We hope that this trial may provide preliminary evidence of the efficacy of Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction in treating RA patients and that these results aid researchers, practitioners, and patients alike.

Aim

The main aim of the study is to clarify the efficacy and safety of Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction in patients with early RA.

Trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trials Register ChiCTR2000036141. Registered on 21 August 2020 (retroactively registered)
Evaluation of novel cleaning systems on mock-ups of unvarnished oil paint and chalk-glue ground within the Munch Aula Paintings Project
Authors: Stoveland Lena Porsmo , Frøysaker Tine , Stols-Witlox Maartje , Grøntoft Terje , Steindal Calin Constantin , Madden Odile , Ormsby Bronwyn
Published: November 2021

Low-risk removal of embedded surface soiling on delicate heritage objects can require novel alternatives to traditional cleaning systems. Edvard Munch’s monumental Aula paintings (1911–16) have a long history of exposure to atmospheric pollution and cleaning campaigns that have compromised the appearance and the condition of these important artworks. Soiling removal from porous and water-sensitive, unvarnished oil paintings continues to be a major conservation challenge. This paper presents the approach and results of research into the effect and efficiency of three novel systems used for soiling removal: soft particle blasting, CO2-snow blasting, and Nanorestore Gel® Dry and Peggy series hydrogels. Cleaning tests were performed on accelerated-aged and artificially soiled mock-ups consisting of unvarnished oil paint and chalk-glue grounds. Visual and analytical assessment (magnification using a light microscope and scanning electron microscope, as well as colour- and gloss measurement) was carried out before and after mock-up cleaning tests and the results were compared to those obtained using the dry polyurethane sponges employed in the most recent Aula surface cleaning campaign (2009–11). Although the results varied, the Nanorestore Gel® series proved promising with respect to improved soiling removal efficiency, and reduced pigment loss for the water-sensitive surfaces evaluated, compared to dry sponges.
Potential utilization of satellite remote sensing for field-based agricultural studies
Authors: Jindo Keiji , Kozan Osamu , Iseki Kohtaro , Maestrini Bernardo , van Evert Frits K. , Wubengeda Yilma , Arai Egidio , Shimabukuro Yosio Edemir , Sawada Yoshito , Kempenaar Corné
Published: November 2021

Using satellite remote-sensing is a useful approach for agriculture to monitor plant and soil conditions and provide decision-making support to farmers. Recently, several types of tools and indices by the satellite remote-sensing have been developed for monitoring drought stress, changes in land uses, and crop–soil water relations. Although these techniques are powerful tools, especially in developing countries and regions where precise data of crop evaluation and yield statistics are not accessible, it is quite difficult for beginners to select the most suitable tool or index for their objectives. Major difficulties are in the specificity of the terminology, differences among the sensors (e.g., active vs. passive sensors), interpretation of imaginary data, and multidisciplinary topics. This work offers non-expert readers basic knowledge of remote-sensing use in agriculture, presenting advancements in the field and future insights. We review different sensors that are frequently used, such as optical sensors and synthetic aperture radar, as well as the following different purposes for using remote-sensing in agriculture: drought stress detection, monitoring land use in tropical regions (e.g., deforestation), and estimating water balance evapotranspiration in emerging and developing countries. Additionally, the integrated approach of remote-sensing data into the crop simulation model, which can provide a more holistic view of the plant and field status over cropping season, is described for the field-based studies.

Graphic abstract
Effect of interface-active proteins on the salt crystal size in waterborne hybrid materials
Authors: Stamboroski Stephani , Boateng Kwasi , Leite Cavalcanti Welchy , Noeske Michael , Beber Vinicius Carrillo , Thiel Karsten , Grunwald Ingo , Schiffels Peter , Dieckhoff Stefan , Brüggemann Dorothea
Published: November 2021

Aqueous processes yielding hybrid or composite materials are widespread in natural environments and their control is fundamental for a multiplicity of living organisms. Their design and in vitro engineering require knowledge about the spatiotemporal evolution of the interactions between the involved liquid and solid phases and, especially, the interphases governing the development of adhesion during solidification. The present study illustrates the effects of distinct proteins on the precipitation of sodium chloride encompassing the size, shape and distribution of halite crystals formed during the drying of droplets containing equally concentrated saline protein solutions. The precipitates obtained from aqueous sodium chloride formulations buffered with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) contained either bovine serum albumin (BSA), fibrinogen or collagen and were characterized with respect to their structure and composition using optical and electron microscopy as well as x-ray analysis. The acquired findings highlight that depending on the protein type present during droplet drying the halite deposits predominantly exhibit cubic or polycrystalline dendritic structures. Based on the phenomenological findings, it is suggested that the formation of the interphase between the growing salt phase and the highly viscous saline aqueous jelly phase containing protein governs not only the material transport in the liquid but also the material exchange between the solid and liquid phases.
Hypoglycemia possibly caused by CYP2C9-mediated drug interaction in combination with bucolome: a case report
Authors: Tateishi Hiroki , Miyazu Daisuke , Kurinami Miho , Ieiri Ichiro , Hirakawa Masaaki , Watanabe Hiroyuki
Published: November 2021

Background

Bucolome is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and uricosuric agent, currently used only in Japan. It is known to induce drug interactions by inhibiting cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9. It is often used to enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin by utilizing its drug interactions. There are only a few reports on drug interactions of bucolome and the mechanism remain poorly understood.

Case presentation

An 81-year-old woman with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus was taking glimepiride 2 mg/day and voglibose 0.6 mg/day. After hospitalization, the patient underwent surgical aortic valve replacement surgery (day 0). Glimepiride and voglibose were resumed on the second postoperative day (day 2), and warfarin was started to prevent thromboembolism. Since the prothrombin time-international normalized ratio on day 9 was low at 1.24, 300 mg/day of bucolome was added to enhance the effect of warfarin. A gradual decrease in blood glucose levels was observed from the day after bucolome administration was initiated. Hypoglycemia in the 56–57 mg/dL range occurred before lunch and dinner on the 6th day (day 14) of bucolome administration, due to which voglibose was discontinued. Hypoglycemia below 70 mg/dL was not observed thereafter, and the general condition of the patient was stable.

Conclusions

Based on the clinical course and literature review, we believe that hypoglycemia in the present case was due to a drug interaction, caused by inhibition of CYP2C9 by bucolome and competitive inhibition of CYP2C9 by warfarin, which affected the pharmacokinetics of glimepiride. The possibility of hypoglycemia due to drug interactions should be considered by physicians, when bucolome is included to enhance the effect of warfarin, in patients taking glimepiride.
Metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in children with atopic dermatitis (AD): a case-control study
Authors: Mohamed Amal Ahmed , Salah Eman Mohamed , Bedair Nermeen Ibrahim , Bassiouny Dina M. , Daifalla Aliaa E. M. , Behairy Ola G. , Fawazy Naglaa , Al Soda Mohamed F. , Farag Youssef M. K.
Published: November 2021

Background

Atopic dermatitis is characterized by impaired skin barrier and altered cutaneous innate immunity. The estimated prevalence among Egyptian children was 10–12%. Several studies suggest that it may be associated with systemic comorbidities other than the spectrum of atopy, such as metabolic syndrome and other inflammatory conditions. The aim of this study is to compare the profile of systemic conditions of diabetes, dyslipidemia, and multiple inflammatory markers in children with and without diagnosed atopic dermatitis.

Methods

One hundred atopic dermatitis patients and 101 normal controls were collected from outpatient clinic based on their clinical condition, both had measurement of body mass index, blood sugar, serum insulin, lipid profile, C reactive protein, and gamma-glutamyl transferase.

Results

Children diagnosed with atopic dermatitis had significantly higher levels of body mass index (34.7 ± 5.7 vs 26.1 ± 4.9), fasting glucose (143.2 ± 30.3 vs 100.8 ± 16.0), serum insulin (11.3 ± 4.4 vs. 4.6 ± 3.0), serum triglycerides (194.1 ± 38.1 vs 156.2 ± 31.6), total cholesterol (198.4 ± 27.7 vs 163.7 ± 27.7), alkaline phosphatase (229.4 ± 89.8 vs. 189.4 ± 46.8), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (54.7 ± 19.9 vs 34.3 ± 9.5), C-reactive protein level was approximately four times higher (19.9 ± 13.2 vs 5.1 ± 3.4) and the immunoglobulin E level was approximately 10 times higher (2050.3 ± 843.8 vs 252.7 ± 103.1) than in controls

Conclusion

We found a positive relationship of atopic dermatitis with both diabetes and hyperlipidemia among children, and positive dose-response relationship of several non-traditional biomarkers of C-reactive protein, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and alkaline phosphatase with the presence and severity of atopic dermatitis.
Low-frequency Coding Variants Associated With Body Mass Index Affect the Success of Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Antoine Darlène , Guéant-Rodriguez Rosa-Maria , Chèvre Jean-Claude , Hergalant Sébastien , Sharma Tanmay , Li Zhen , Rouyer Pierre , Chery Céline , Halvick Sarah , Bui Catherine , Oussalah Abderrahim , Ziegler Olivier , Quilliot Didier , Brunaud Laurent , Guéant Jean-Louis , Meyre David
Published: October 2021

Context

A recent study identified 14 low-frequency coding variants associated with body mass index (BMI) in 718 734 individuals predominantly of European ancestry.

Objective

We investigated the association of 2 genetic scores (GS) with i) the risk of severe/morbid obesity, ii) BMI variation before weight-loss intervention, iii) BMI change in response to an 18-month lifestyle/behavioral intervention program, and iv) BMI change up to 24 months after bariatric surgery.

Methods

The 14 low-frequency coding variants were genotyped or sequenced in 342 French adults with severe/morbid obesity and 574 French adult controls from the general population. We built risk and protective GS based on 6 BMI-increasing and 5 BMI-decreasing low-frequency coding variants that were polymorphic in our study.

Results

While the risk GS was not associated with severe/morbid obesity status, BMI-decreasing low-frequency coding variants were significantly less frequent in patients with severe/morbid obesity than in French adults from the general population. Neither the risk nor the protective GS was associated with BMI before intervention in patients with severe/morbid obesity, nor did they affect BMI change in response to a lifestyle/behavioral modification program. The protective GS was associated with a greater BMI decrease following bariatric surgery. The risk and protective GS were associated with a higher and lower risk of BMI regain after bariatric surgery.

Conclusion

Our data indicate that in populations of European descent, low-frequency coding variants associated with BMI in the general population also affect the outcomes of bariatric surgery in patients with severe/morbid obesity.
Patients With Cirrhosis Have Elevated Bone Turnover but Normal Hepatic Production of Osteoprotegerin
Authors: Jørgensen Niklas Rye , Diemar Sarah Seberg , Christensen Gitte Lund , Kimer Nina , Danielsen Karen Vagner , Møller Søren
Published: October 2021

Context

Severe osteodystrophy is common in patients with liver dysfunction. Markers of bone metabolism may help in early diagnosis of osteodystrophy and in understanding underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.

Objective

To elucidate changes in bone metabolism associated with cirrhosis and to determine the route of elimination for the markers.

Methods

Case–control study at a public university hospital. Fifty-nine patients with cirrhosis (47 alcoholic and 12 nonalcoholic cirrhosis) and 20 controls were included. Participants underwent catheterization of the femoral artery, and the hepatic, renal, and femoral veins with collection of blood from all 4 sites. Regional arteriovenous differences in concentrations of bone metabolism markers were determined: procollagen of type I collagen propeptide (PINP), C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), osteocalcin, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRAcP5b), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and sclerostin and correlated with degree of disease (Child–Pugh classification).

Results

PINP concentration was higher (median: 87.9 µg/L) in patients with cirrhosis than in controls (52.6 µg/L) (P = .001), while hepatic extraction was lower (4.3% vs 14.5%) (P < .001). Both CTX and TRAcP5b were higher in patients with cirrhosis (340 ng/L and 3.20 U/L) than in controls (215 ng/L and 1.60 U/L) (P < .001 and P < .0001). Hepatic sclerostin extraction was lower in patients with cirrhosis (14.6%) than in controls (28.7%) (P < .0001). In both groups OPG showed a hepatic release rate (production) of 6%.

Conclusion

Patients with cirrhosis have increased bone resorption, but unaltered bone formation. Sclerostin is eliminated through the liver while OPG is produced in the liver. Bone markers may prove useful in evaluating bone turnover in patients with cirrhosis.
No Evidence of Long-Term Disruption of Glycometabolic Control After SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Laurenzi Andrea , Caretto Amelia , Molinari Chiara , Mercalli Alessia , Melzi Raffaella , Nano Rita , Tresoldi Cristina , Rovere Querini Patrizia , Ciceri Fabio , Lampasona Vito , Bosi Emanuele , Scavini Marina , Piemonti Lorenzo
Published: October 2021

Purpose

To assess whether dysglycemia diagnosed during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pneumonia may become a potential public health problem after resolution of the infection. In an adult cohort with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia, we integrated glucose data upon hospital admission with fasting blood glucose (FBG) in the year prior to COVID-19 and during postdischarge follow-up.

Methods

From February 25 to May 15, 2020, 660 adults with suspected COVID-19 pneumonia were admitted to the San Raffaele Hospital (Milan, Italy). Through structured interviews/ medical record reviews, we collected demographics, clinical features, and laboratory tests upon admission and additional data during hospitalization or after discharge and in the previous year. Upon admission, we classified participants according to American Diabetes Association criteria as having (1) preexisting diabetes, (2) newly diagnosed diabetes, (3) hyperglycemia not in the diabetes range, or (4) normoglycemia. FBG prior to admission and during follow-up were classified as normal or impaired fasting glucose and fasting glucose in the diabetes range.

Results

In patients with confirmed COVID (n = 589), the proportion with preexisting or newly diagnosed diabetes, hyperglycemia not in the diabetes range and normoglycemia was 19.6%, 6.7%, 43.7%, and 30.0%, respectively. Patients with dysglycemia associated to COVID-19 had increased markers of inflammation and organs’ injury and poorer clinical outcome compared to those with normoglycemia. After the infection resolved, the prevalence of dysglycemia reverted to preadmission frequency.

Conclusions

COVID-19–associated dysglycemia is unlikely to become a lasting public health problem. Alarmist claims on the diabetes risk after COVID-19 pneumonia should be interpreted with caution.
Developmental Programming: Prenatal Testosterone Excess on Liver and Muscle Coding and Noncoding RNA in Female Sheep
Authors: Saadat Nadia , Puttabyatappa Muraly , Elangovan Venkateswaran R , Dou John , Ciarelli Joseph N , Thompson Robert C , Bakulski Kelly M , Padmanabhan Vasantha
Published: October 2021

Prenatal testosterone (T)-treated female sheep manifest peripheral insulin resistance, ectopic lipid accumulation, and insulin signaling disruption in liver and muscle. This study investigated transcriptional changes and transcriptome signature of prenatal T excess–induced hepatic and muscle-specific metabolic disruptions. Genome-wide coding and noncoding (nc) RNA expression in liver and muscle from 21-month-old prenatal T-treated (T propionate 100 mg intramuscular twice weekly from days 30-90 of gestation; term: 147 days) and control females were compared. Prenatal T (1) induced differential expression of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in liver (15 down, 17 up) and muscle (66 down, 176 up) (false discovery rate < 0.05, absolute log2 fold change > 0.5); (2) downregulated mitochondrial pathway genes in liver and muscle; (3) downregulated hepatic lipid catabolism and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling gene pathways; (4) modulated noncoding RNA (ncRNA) metabolic processes gene pathway in muscle; and (5) downregulated 5 uncharacterized long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in the muscle but no ncRNA changes in the liver. Correlation analysis showed downregulation of lncRNAs LOC114112974 and LOC105607806 was associated with decreased TPK1, and LOC114113790 with increased ZNF470 expression. Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis identified mRNAs HADHA and SLC25A45, and microRNAs MIR154A, MIR25, and MIR487B in the liver and ARIH1 and ITCH and miRNAs MIR369, MIR10A, and MIR10B in muscle as potential biomarkers of prenatal T excess. These findings suggest downregulation of mitochondria, lipid catabolism, and PPAR signaling genes in the liver and dysregulation of mitochondrial and ncRNA gene pathways in muscle are contributors of lipotoxic and insulin-resistant hepatic and muscle phenotype. Gestational T excess programming of metabolic dysfunctions involve tissue-specific ncRNA–modulated transcriptional changes.
A case of prenatal diagnosis of meckel-gruber syndrome in one of the dizygotic twin of a naturally conceived pregnancy
Authors: Rohatgi Akshay , Tandon Anupama
Published: November 2021

Meckel-Gruber syndrome in one twin of a naturally conceived dizygotic twin pregnancy is largely unknown and has not been reported till date. This report illustrates the sonographic features in a case of 20-week twin pregnancy where one twin had an occipital encephalocele, bilateral enlarged and cystic kidneys, hepatic cyst and oligohydramnios but the other twin was normal. The affected twin succumbed within few days after normal vaginal delivery while the normal twin survived and is healthy.
INDIVIDUAL FEATURES OF THE RESPONSE OF THE HUMAN IMMUNITY SYSTEM TO A SHORT-TERM STAY IN AIRCOOLED TO -25°C
Authors: Gubkina Lyubov V. , Samodova Anna V.
Published: October 2021

The study of the influence of cold on the individual characteristics of the response of the human immune system is of great importance from the standpoint of ensuring the adaptive reactions of a person’s stay among extreme environmental factors. Purpose of the study. To establish the individual characteristics of the response of the human immune system to a short-term stay in an air environment cooled to -25°C. Materials and methods. A complex of immunological studies of the composition of the peripheral venous blood of the examined practically healthy volunteers (132 women and 40 men) living in the city of Arkhangelsk, aged from 21 to 50 years, was carried out. Blood was collected from the cubital vein on an empty stomach in the morning before and immediately after total cooling for 5 minutes at a temperature of -25°C. Results. It was found that 14.53% of the examined people are sensitive to general cooling and have an initial high level of background activity of the immune system. These individuals reacted by decreasing the level of lymphocytes in the blood by 1.5-4.5 times due to all functional forms of lymphocytes and by increasing the concentration of ATP in lymphocytes. A decrease in the lymphocyte count in response to general cooling is associated with an increase in the concentration of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and cortisol without changes in the content of IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-10. Conclusion. The effect of cold on the human body leads to a decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the venous blood in 14.53% of cases, which can be explained by a decrease in the blood flow velocity in the vascular bed and the transition of lymphocytes to the parietal pool, as well as, probably, by an increase in the production of TNF-α, under the influence of which there is a transendothelial migration of lymphocytes into the tissue.
INDICATORS OF PULSE, CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL BLOOD PRESSURE OF NORTHERN UNIVERSITY TEACHERS WHO UNDERWENT COVID-19 WHILE WORKING REMOTELY
Authors: Popova Marina A. , Chistova Viktoriya V. , Scherbakova Alexandra E.
Published: October 2021

The article analyses the results of changes in pulse rate, central aortic and peripheral blood pressure recorded at 79 northern higher educational institution teachers (31 men and 48 women) who underwent laboratory-confirmed coronavirus infection (COVID-19 +) during their teleworking period and at 116 teachers (55 men and 61 women) without a coronavirus infection history or with negative laboratory-confirmed results for the presence of M and G antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19˗). A comparative analysis of the studied parameters in the Post-COVID-19 period has been carried out with the focus on age and sex differences. The median (Me) age of teachers who have had COVID-19 is 53 years old for men, and for women it is 47 years old; the data of those who have not had the disease are 35 and 38 respectively. The statistical data among male teachers who have undergone COVID-19 are the following: 29.0% were young, 58.1% were middle-aged, and 12.9% were elderly people; the records among female teachers are 43.8%, 35.4%, and 13.1%. respectively. It was stated that changes after COVID-19 in Central Aortic Systolic Pressure (CASP), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) as well as in heart rate depended on the patients’ age and the presence of hypertension in them. Among the teachers who underwent COVID-19, 32.9% were with hypertension. It was revealed that after COVID-19, the teachers who had not had hypertension before the diagnosis of COVID-19 was made, had some decrease in their heart rate, CASP and SBP; in teachers with hypertension diagnosed prior to COVID-19 with Post-COVID-19 syndrome, an increase in their cSBP, SBP and heart rate was revealed. A statistical analysis with the use of “Statistica” 13.3 program was carried out. To identify differences in quantitative indicators (Me [Q25, Q75]) the Mann-Whitney criterion (U) was used, to identify differences in qualitative indicators the χ2 test was used.
THE PECULIARITIES OF CLINICO-LABORATORY CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH UREAPLASMA INFECTION
Authors: Zeynalov Mushvig S.
Published: October 2021

Aim - todetect of clinico-laboratory pecularities of patients with ureaplasma infection. Methods. The 215 patients with inflammatory disease of organs of small pelvis have been observed. Among observing the women w ere 21 (9,8%) and men - 194 (60,2%). The middle age of women was 32,0±0,4 years and men - 31,0±0,4 years. The clinico-anamnestic, molecular-biological and microscopic methods have been used in investigations. Results. The appearance frequency of U.urealyticum in men consist 52.8±3,7%, in women 0 42,0±11,3%. It was determined that in women with ureaplasma infection from ginecological diseases the vulvovaginitis, chronic salpingoophoritis and dysfunction of ovary have been appeared. Among urological diseases in men with ureaplasma infection the uretritis and cystitis have been detected. Conclusions. It was shown that in diagnosis of ureaplasma infection in women the view of general smear is more informative, in men - the quantity rate of leucosytes in urine.
OVERCOMING TREATMENT RESISTANCE OF DEPRESSION IN AN ADVANCED AGE FEMALE PATIENT WITH ADDISON DISEASE: A LITERATURE REVIEW WITH CLINICAL CASE PRESENTATION
Authors: Bykova Anastasia Yu. , Bykov Yuriy V. , Bekker Roman A.
Published: October 2021

Purpose. To provide the reader with a systematic review of the literature regarding the relationship of major depressive disorder (and mental disorders in general) with adrenal cortex insufficiency, regarding the role of adrenal pathology in the development of treatment resistance or intolerance. To describe the principles of adequate replacement therapy in primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease), the role of maximally physiological replacement therapy in the normalization of not only somatic, but also mental status of patients with this disorder. To stress the importance of taking into account the possible polyendocrine nature of the disorder. Then we describe a clinical case from our own practice, which vividly illustrates these points. Methodology. We have conducted a literature search using relevant keywords in the international databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier ClinicalKey and Elsevier ScienceDirect, as well as in the Russian E-library database, and also in the bibliographic lists of fundamental textbooks on endocrinology and on treatment-resistant depression. Results. The literature data we presented in this review, together with our analysis of the presented clinical case, clearly illustrate the importance of an adequate, maximally approximating normal physiological pattern of hormone secretion by the adrenal cortex, replacement therapy in Addison disease. The presented clinical case, together with literature data, also shows the need to correct not just glucocorticoid deficiency in Addison disease, but also mineralocorticoid, adrenal androgen and neurosteroid deficiency, in order to improve the patient’s well-being, quality of life and his/her mental status, especially if the patient is female and of advanced age. This clinical case also illustrates the importance of psychoeducation for such patients and their relatives, and the need for close monitoring and united framework of helping such patients, integrating psychiatric and endocrinology care. Practical implications. The results we have obtained in this review, and the conclusions we made in the analysis of the presented clinical case, deserve the widest application in the treatment of patients with adrenal insufficiency and associated mental pathology.
CONSTITUTIONAL FEATURES OF LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELING OPTIONS IN WOMEN WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION WHO PREVIOUSLY LIVED IN THE ARCTIC REGION
Authors: Yaskevich Roman A. , Moskalenko Olga L.
Published: October 2021

Purpose. To study the constitutional features of left ventricular (LV) remodeling options in women with arterial hypertension (AH) who previously lived in the Arctic region.

Materials and methods. The study involved 362 women with hypertension. The main group included 181 women with hypertension who had previously lived in the Arctic. We used the standard method of anthropometric research with the subsequent determination of constitutional types, as well as the determination of the types of geometric remodeling of the LV according to the ultrasound examination of the heart.

Results. The constitutional features of the frequency of unfavorable types of remodeling in women of the surveyed groups revealed. The presence of LV remodeling revealed in 89.5% of those examined with hypertension, former residents of the Arctic and in 93.7% of women with hypertension, permanently residing in Krasnoyarsk. At the same time, both among women in the Arctic and among women in Krasnoyarsk, the most common type of LV myocardial geometry was concentric LV hypertrophy: 62.2% and 63.0%. It found that LV concentric hypertrophy was more common in all constitutional types in women with hypertension, both in residents of the Arctic and in permanent residents of Krasnoyarsk.

Conclusion. It found that LV concentric hypertrophy was more common in all constitutional types in women with AH in both groups. Normal LV geometry more often observed in women of the Polar region of an indefinite constitutional type, and among women in Krasnoyarsk – a megalosomal type.
FEATURES OF THE MEDICO-SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OPHTHALMIC PATIENTS WHO ARE NOT UNDERGOING DYNAMIC DISPENSARY OBSERVATION
Authors: Reshetnikov Vladimir A. , Badimova Anna V. , Osmanov Esedulla M. , Kozlov Vasily V.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Ophthalmic diseases are a significant medical and social problem both throughout the world and on the territory of Russia and its individual regions. Dispensary dynamic monitoring of the health status of persons suffering from chronic diseases of the ophthalmological profile plays an important role in the prevention of exacerbations and complications of diseases. Work objective. Analyzing the results of enquiry of patients with eye and adnexa disease to study their medico-social characteristics and finding out the reasons for incomplete and untimely admission to dispensary observation. Methods. Sociological (400 outpatients with eye and adnexa diseases were interviewed in the Tambov branch of the Federal State Autonomous Institution of National Medical Research Center “Interbranch Scientific and Technical Complex “Eye Microsurgery” and in the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution “Tambov Regional Ophthalmological Clinical Hospital”); statistical analysis. Results. The principal organizational reasons for incomplete admission to dispensary observation and the lack of dynamic control over the course of a patient’s chronic ophthalmological pathology include the absence of an ophthalmologist at the place of residence, a large workload of an ophthalmologist or his insufficient qualifications and, as a result, low patient compliance. Conclusion. The high prevalence and the associated medical and social significance of diseases of the visual organs dictate the pursuance of studies aimed at developing recommendations for improving the principles of prevention and dispensary observation of patients with ophthalmic diseases.
Working Program of the Discipline “Marketing Linguistics”
Authors: Goncharova Lyubov
Published: November 2021

Language tools that implement the marketing model of consumer behavior and ensure the consumer’s purchase decision, have occupied the focal place in linguistic studies. Such studies have led to the formation of a new pragmalinguistic direction – marketing linguistics. This syllabus is designed for 45.04.02 direction of training ("Linguistics"), the orientation (profile) "General and typological linguistics and applications in the field of linguistics" (training level – master's degree, graduate qualification – master's degree).
Transformation of Communicative Interaction in the Space of Information and Telecommunication Networks
Authors: Konopleva A.
Published: November 2021

The current stage in the development of communication science is a turning point. It is in the current conditions of socio-cultural destabilization, changes in the way of life, due to the challenges of the era, that the way of further development of communication is being determined. The ambivalence and inconsistency of modernity has formed a solid foundation for the development of dialectical contradictions in the field of communication, which, first of all, are caused by the rapid formation of the information space and the transition to the path of digitalization, without which not only communication is impossible, but also existence in the digital era in general. The most important principle of communication in such conditions becomes variability, where the invariant and the variant are closely related, giving priority to the latter. Variability refers to the changeable part of communication, ensuring its modernity and timeliness, invariance guarantees a connection with tradition and continuity. The article reveals the key aspects of the manifestation of the variability of communicative interaction in the space of information and telecommunication networks.