bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gravity-coupled flutter and contact of a flag near a wall
Authors: Lee Minseop , Jung Cheolgyun , Lee Jeongsu , Kim Daegyoum
Published: December 2023

The stability and postcritical behaviour of a horizontal flag undergoing gravity-induced deformation and periodic contact with a nearby horizontal rigid wall are experimentally investigated. The results elucidate the combined effects of gravity and contact on flutter, and reveal design principles for application to triboelectric energy harvesting. By varying the free-stream velocity, flag thickness and distance between the flagpole and the wall, the dynamics of the flag are classified into quasistatic equilibrium, flutter, partial contact and saturated contact modes. Considering the significance of gravitational effects, a new dimensionless flow velocity is proposed to identify the distribution of the dynamic modes, and its definition varies according to whether the wall is placed above or below the flag. The critical conditions for transitions between the dynamic modes are determined from the balance of fluid dynamic and gravitational effects. The distance from the flagpole to the wall is found to be more critical for transitions in the lower-wall configuration than in the upper-wall configuration. The peak contact force as well as the oscillation amplitude and frequency at postequilibrium exhibits remarkably different trends depending on the location of the wall. The peak contact force imposed on the wall by the fluttering flag weakens as the distance to the wall increases in the case of an upper wall, whereas it becomes stronger in the case of a lower wall.
Oscillatory response of Larsen C Ice Shelf flow to the calving of iceberg A-68
Authors: Deakin Katherine A. , Christie Frazer D. W. , Boxall Karla , Willis Ian C.
Published: December 2023

The collapse of several ice shelves in the Antarctic Peninsula since the late 20th century has resulted in the upstream acceleration of multiple formerly buttressed outlet glaciers, raising questions about the stability of Antarctica's remaining ice shelves and the effects their demise may have upon inland ice. Here, we use high temporal resolution Sentinel-1A/B synthetic aperture radar-derived observations to assess the velocity response of Larsen C Ice Shelf (LCIS) to the calving of colossal iceberg A-68 in 2017. We find marked oscillations in ice-shelf flow across LCIS in the months following A-68's calving, beginning with a near-ice-shelf-wide slowdown of 11.3 m yr−1 on average. While falling close to the limits of detectability, these ice-flow variations appear to have been presaged by similar oscillations in the years prior to A-68's breakaway, associated primarily with major rifting events, together reflecting potentially hitherto unobserved ice-shelf mechanical processes with important implications for ice-shelf weakening. Such ice-flow oscillations were, however, short-lived, with more recent observations suggesting a deceleration below longer-term rates of ice flow. Collectively, our observations reveal complex spatial-temporal patterns of ice-flow variability at LCIS. Similarly abrupt fluctuations may have important implications for the stability of other ice shelves, necessitating the continued, close observation of Antarctica's coastline in the future.
Astronomical Alignments from Structures Surrounding Giant Animal Effigy Mounds at El Paraiso, Peru
Authors: Ojeda Bernardino , Ocas Quispe Andrés , Benfer Robert A.
Published: December 2023

We previously reported astronomical alignments with the principal temple of the archaeological site of El Paraiso in coastal Peru. Here we describe a new investigation of nine small platform mounds associated with the two giant animal effigy mounds at the site. A total station map of the site permits possible astronomical alignments to be measured directly from the AutoCAD map by Pixelstick or AutoCAD. We corrected alignments for obliquity and for the apparent curvature of the sun and moon over the crest of nearby ridges. Azimuths for astronomical events were obtained from Starry Night Pro Plus 6.4.3. We found that 13 of 14 alignments were within 1° of the predicted astronomical values (and all 14 were within 1.5°). To account for these findings and those of the giant animal platform effigy mounds at the site, we propose a cosmology in the Late Preceramic period of solar and lunar alignments and the linkage of supernatural animals to dark cloud constellations. The building of these mounds was directed by astronomer priests. A shared belief in a cosmology that included a punishing force may have eased transactions by engendering trust among individuals living across river valleys and at different altitudes.
Cuba’s Monetary Reform and Triple-Digit Inflation
Authors: Vidal Pavel , Luis Luis R.
Published: December 2023

Diverse elements have driven inflation in the Cuban economy in the early 2020s, but the big-bang devaluation of the peso in 2021—the key measure that unlocks monetary reform—stands out as the main determinant. Analysis indicates that the inflation rate ranged between 174% and 700%, well above the government’s 2021 consumer price index estimate (77%) and closer to the deflator of household consumption derived from the national income accounts (442%). Even with this larger inflation, there is room for a real depreciation of the peso in the short term. The relative rise of tradable goods prices and incomplete pass-through from the exchange rate to inflation create new incentives and enhance financial transparency in the short term. However, the absence of sufficient structural reforms, the complex macroeconomic scenario, and the persistence of high fiscal deficit, inflation, and devaluation of the peso in the informal market after 2021 put most of the potential benefits of the monetary reform at risk. Monetary instability is a deep, continuing problem.
Roundtable on Michael J. Hollerich, Making Christian History: Eusebius of Caesarea and His Readers (Oakland: University of California Press, 2021)
Authors: Sterk Andrea
Published: December 2023

Few topics are more germane to this journal than the writing of ecclesiastical history, and no figure has had greater influence on the development of this genre than the bishop and scholar, Eusebius of Caesarea. In his masterful study of Eusebius and his readers from the late ancient to the modern era, Michael Hollerich has done a great service to all historians of Christianity. A work of reception history, the book begins with a chapter on Eusebius's life and work, focusing on his Ecclesiastical History and its relation to his Chronicle as well as other historical and non-historical genres with which he engaged. Subsequent chapters examine the reception of his work in the Christian Roman Empire of late antiquity, the non-Greek East, the medieval Latin West, and Byzantium, before turning to the rediscovery of Eusebius in diverse early modern contexts and his reception in modern scholarship including the implications of his historiographical work for future historians. The essays that comprise this roundtable, followed by the author's response, continue this important conversation about Eusebius and his legacy.
The connective -theory of the Eilenberg–MacLane space
Authors: Davis Donald M. , Wilson W. Stephen
Published: December 2023

We compute
$ku^*\left(K\!\left({\mathbb{Z}}_p,2\right)\right)$
and
$ku_*\left(K\!\left({\mathbb{Z}}_p,2\right)\right)$
, the connective
$KU$
-cohomology and connective
$KU$
-homology groups of the mod-
$p$
Eilenberg–MacLane space
$K\!\left({\mathbb{Z}}_p,2\right)$
, using the Adams spectral sequence. We obtain a striking interaction between
$h_0$
-extensions and exotic extensions. The mod-
$p$
connective
$KU$
-cohomology groups, computed elsewhere, are needed in order to establish higher differentials and exotic extensions in the integral groups.
‘THE TRANSIENT FOREIGNER’: RESTRICTIONS ON CITIZENSHIP ACQUISITION IN CHILE AND COLOMBIA FOR THOSE SAID TO BE ‘PASSING THROUGH’
Authors: Ramaciotti Juan Pablo , Shaw Jo
Published: December 2023

This article explores the constitutional regulation of birthright ius soli citizenship in two Latin American countries which restrict access to citizenship for the children of foreigners deemed to be passing through the countries. Access to citizenship is a significant marker of membership, setting the boundaries of inclusion and exclusion within and across States. Choosing the cases of Chile and Colombia, this article uses historical, institutional and comparative analysis in order to excavate the evolving conceptions of citizenship in those two countries, with particular reference to the concepts of the ‘transient foreigner’ and of ‘domicile’. The case studies provide an excellent laboratory within which to examine the evolution of constitutional ideas of citizenship and ‘the people’. In Colombia, the outcome of the investigation shows that there is unlikely to be significant long-term change in the citizenship regime towards a more generalised acceptance of unconditional ius soli, notwithstanding the substantial shorter-term measures taken to accommodate the children of undocumented migrants from Venezuela and to respond to international pressure. In Chile, combined with other ongoing constitutional work in the citizenship space as part of a wider reform process, there may be a slow journey towards a different constitutional future for so-called ‘transient foreigners’ and others excluded within the State, but this is currently stalled. Chile has, however, introduced legislation cementing a more limited concept of ‘transient foreigner’, linking this work on citizenship to the wider domain of migration governance.
Comparative evaluation of A1A2 and A2A2 cow milk-containing diets on biochemical and histological parameters of Wistar rats
Authors: Semwal Ravindra , Kumar Ankit , Semwal Ruchi Badoni , Chauhan Ashutosh , Joshi Sunil Kumar , Upadhyaya Kumud , Shodhi Monika , Semwal Deepak Kumar
Published: December 2023

This Research Communication aims to compare the effect of A1A2 and A2A2 cow milk diets on the biochemical and histological parameters of rats. The rats were divided into four groups and fed with a normal diet, A2 milk powder, A1A2 or A2A2 cow milk diets for 90 d. Blood glucose, kidney function, liver function and lipid profile were examined during the experimental period. The study showed an increase in the body weight of the A1A2 group whereas a slight decrease in the A2A2 group, and blood glucose levels increased from d 0 to day 90 in all experimental groups. However, none of these changes were found to be statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). Moreover, no significant changes were recorded in other parameters (serum glutamic pyruvic transferase and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase for liver function, bilirubin direct, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine and uric acid). The histology of the liver, kidney and pancreas also showed no changes in all groups. Overall, this study revealed no significant difference in the nutritional values of A1A2 and A2A2 milk types and hence equally beneficial for health. Although the present study showed no significant difference in the effect of both milk types in 90 d, further studies might be conducted to evaluate their longer term effects.
Exploring the potential of informal music learning in a perceived age of pedagogical traditionalism for student teachers in primary music education
Authors: Mariguddi Anna , Shirley Ian
Published: December 2023

This research explored the impact of informal learning (IL) in primary music initial teacher training. A small group of undergraduate student teachers had an opportunity to learn about and facilitate an IL approach. Data were collected from interviews, participant reflective logs and researcher reflections. The findings show that perceived benefits included freedom for serendipity, pupil autonomy and aural learning; perceived tensions included student teacher anxiety and a lack of teacher control. The researchers propose two aspects for consideration: first, that language associated with IL has social meaning that must be updated; second, that while direct instruction remains at the heart of primary teacher education, IL can continue to be justified despite the current emphasis on direct explicit teaching.
Recent advances in the use of bacterial probiotics in animal production
Authors: Evangelista Alberto Gonçalves , Corrêa Jessica Audrey Feijó , Pinto Anne Caroline Marques Schoch , Gonçalves Francieli Dalvana Ribeiro , Luciano Fernando Bittencourt
Published: December 2023

Animal husbandry is increasingly under pressure to meet world food demand. Thus, strategies are sought to ensure this productivity increment. The objective of this review was to gather advances in the use of bacterial probiotics in animal production. Lactobacilli correspond to the most used bacterial group, with several beneficial effects already reported and described, as well as the Enterococcus and Pediococcus genera – being the latter expressively used in aquaculture. Research on the Bifidobacterium genus is mostly focused on human health, which demonstrates great effects on blood biochemical parameters. Such results sustain the possibility of expanding its use in veterinary medicine. Other groups commonly assessed for human medicine but with prospective expansion to animal health are the genera Leuconostoc and Streptococcus, which have been demonstrating interesting effects on the prevention of viral diseases, and in dentistry, respectively. Although bacteria from the genera Bacillus and Lactococcus also have great potential for use in animal production, a complete characterization of the candidate strain must be previously made, due to the existence of pathogenic and/or spoilage variants. It is noteworthy that a growing number of studies have investigated the genus Propionibacterium, but still in very early stages. However, the hitherto excellent results endorse its application. In this way, in addition to the fact that bacterial probiotics represent a promising approach to promote productivity increase in animal production, the application of other strains than the traditionally employed genera may allow the exploitation of novel mechanisms and enlighten unexplored possibilities.
An efficient linear and elliptical antenna array design using sail fish optimization
Authors: Saha Rajrup , Das Avishek , Mandal Durbadal , Kar Rajib
Published: December 2023

This article introduces an innovative approach to antenna array design, focusing on synthesizing the optimal radiation pattern for fifth-generation (5G) communication. The authors have designed a reliable linear and elliptical antenna array (EEA) of dipole elements by employing sailfish optimization (SFO). 5G technology promises transformative improvements in wireless communication with high data rates, expanded capacity, minimal latency, and exceptional service quality. The crux of 5G lies in the precision of antenna array design, aiming for an emission pattern with minimal side lobe levels (SLLs) and a narrow half-power beam width (HPBW). A narrower HPBW is essential for efficient long-range communication, whereas reducing the SLLs enhances signal clarity. The SFO optimizes the current excitation of each antenna element for reducing the mutual coupling effects and lowering the SLL and HPBW values in linear and EEAs. This paper uses the exact excitation to each element to show the linear antenna arrays (LAA) (10-, 16-element) design examples and EAA (8-, 12-, 20-element) structures. The LAA and EAA design examples obtained with the SFO algorithm establish the advancement in SLL suppression over the uniform antenna array and the methods proclaimed in the recent article.
Robust adaptive beamforming via residual convolutional neural network
Authors: Liu Fulai , Qin Dongbao , Li Xubin , Du Yufeng , Dou Xiuquan , Du Ruiyan
Published: December 2023

Aiming at the problem that the covariance matrix includes the desired signal and the signal steer vector mismatches will degrade the beamforming performance, an effective robust adaptive beamforming (RAB) approach is presented in this paper based on a residual convolutional neural network (RAB-RCNN). In the presented method, the RAB-RCNN model is designed by introducing a residual unit, which can extract the deeper features from the signal sample covariance matrix. Residual noise elimination and interferences power estimation are utilized to reconstruct the desired signal covariance matrix, and correct the mismatched steering vector (SV) by the eigenvalue decomposition of the reconstructed desired signal covariance matrix. The projection method is utilized to redesign the signal interference-plus-noise covariance matrix. Furthermore, the beamforming weight vector is calculated with the two parameters obtained before and used as the label of the RAB-RCNN model, The trained model can rapidly and precisely output the predicted beamforming weight vector without complex matrix operations, including the matrix inversion of the signal covariance matrix, so that the calculation time can be reduced for beamforming. Simulations demonstrate the robustness of the presented approach against SV mismatches due to the direction-of-arrival estimation error, sensor position error, and local scattering interference.
EMDR
Authors: Böhm Karsten R.
Published: December 2023

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) stellt eines der effektivsten Psychotherapieverfahren dar, um Traumafolgestörungen zu behandeln. Zahlreiche internationale Behandlungsleitlinien empfehlen EMDR zur Behandlung von Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen (PTBS). Der Band beschreibt praxisorientiert die acht Phasen der EMDR-Therapie und veranschaulicht das Vorgehen anhand von Fallbeispielen. Dabei wird auch auf die Unterschiede in der Behandlungsplanung von PTBS und Komplexer PTBS eingegangen.
Die EMDR-Therapie greift Aspekte der humanistischen Psychotherapie, der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie und der Psychoanalyse auf und bildet unter Verwendung von bilateraler Stimulation einen eigenständigen Therapieansatz. Das Vorgehen wird meist als angenehm und zielführend wahrgenommen. Dadurch kommt es zu wenigen Therapieabbrüchen und Motivationsproblemen. Fokus der EMDR-Therapie sind pathogene Erinnerungen an ein belastendes Ereignis, die als Ausgangspunkt dysfunktionaler Verarbeitungs- und Copingstrategien gesehen werden. Diese Erinnerungen werden gesucht und mithilfe freier Assoziation bearbeitet. Die Verarbeitung der Erinnerungen geschieht mit unterschiedlichen Modalitäten – gedanklich, emotional, körperlich und sensumotorisch. Die aktuelle Belastung durch die pathogenen Erinnerungen soll so reduziert oder beseitigt werden. Um Suggestionen im Verarbeitungsprozess der Patientinnen und Patienten zu minimieren, wird ein bis ins Detail operationalisiertes therapeutisches Vorgehen genutzt, das in diesem Band ausführlich beschrieben wird.
Neuropsychologie der Depression
Authors: Beblo Thomas , Dehn Lorenz B.
Published: December 2023

Zu den Kernsymptomen der Depression – eine der häufigsten psychischen Störungen – gehören neben der veränderten Stimmung, den Verhaltensauffälligkeiten und den körperlichen Symptomen auch Beeinträchtigungen geistiger Funktionen wie Aufmerksamkeit und Gedächtnis. Diese neuropsychologischen Störungen beeinträchtigen das soziale und berufliche Leben der Betroffenen, steigern das Suizidrisiko und gefährden insgesamt den Behandlungserfolg, weshalb der Diagnose und Therapie dieser Leistungseinbußen eine wichtige Bedeutung zukommt.
Für die 2. Auflage wurde das Buch komplett überarbeitet. Insbesondere zur Therapie neuropsychologischer Beeinträchtigungen bei Depression, aber auch zu wichtigen Einflussfaktoren und den neuronalen Korrelaten liegen inzwischen neue Erkenntnisse vor, die in die zweite Auflage Eingang gefunden haben. Ebenfalls findet sich ein deutlich erweitertes Kapitel zur Depression nach Schlaganfall, womit depressive Störungen im Rahmen neurologischer Erkrankungen nun noch anschaulicher dargestellt werden.
Dispersed Relativistic Electron Precipitation Patterns Between the Ion and Electron Isotropy Boundaries
Authors: Artemyev A. V. , Angelopoulos V. , Zhang X.‐J. , Chen L. , Runov A.
Published: December 2023

Relativistic electron precipitation to the Earth's atmosphere is an important loss mechanism of inner magnetosphere electrons, contributing significantly to the dynamics of the radiation belts. Such precipitation may be driven by electron resonant scattering by middle‐latitude whistler‐mode waves at dawn to noon; by electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves at dusk; or by curvature scattering at the isotropy boundary (at the inner edge of the electron plasma sheet anywhere on the nightside, from dusk to dawn). Using low‐altitude ELFIN and near‐equatorial THEMIS measurements, we report on a new type of relativistic electron precipitation that shares some properties with the traditional curvature scattering mechanism (occurring on the nightside and often having a clear energy/L‐shell dispersion). However, it is less common than the typical electron isotropy boundary and it is observed most often during substorms. It is seen equatorward of (and well separated from) the electron isotropy boundary and around or poleward of the ion isotropy boundary (the inner edge of the ion plasma sheet). It may be due to one or more of the following mechanisms: EMIC waves in the presence of a specific radial profile of the cold plasma density; a regional suppression of the magnetic field enhancing curvature scattering locally; and/or electron resonant scattering by kinetic Alfvén waves.
Application of a Three‐Dimensional Coupled Hydrodynamic‐Ice Model to Assess Spatiotemporal Variations in Ice Cover and Underlying Mechanisms in Lake Nam Co, Tibetan Plateau, 2007–2017
Authors: Wu Yang , Huang Anning , Lu Youyu , Fujisaki‐Manome Ayumi , Zhang Zhiqi , Dai Xianglin , Wang Yu
Published: December 2023

A three‐dimensional lake‐ice coupled model is used to investigate the space‐time variations of ice and underlying mechanisms in Lake Nam Co (LNC), the third largest lake over Tibetan Plateau (TP), during 2007–2017. The model reasonably reproduces the in situ measured ice thickness and water temperature profile, and satellite retrieved ice coverage and lake surface temperature. Seasonally, the lake ice first forms in the eastern basin during early January, expands from east to west during January and February, covers nearly the entire LNC in March, starts melting from west to east in April, and eventually disappears in May. The eastward drift of thin ice throughout the ice‐covered phase and the eastward water heat transport during the ice melting phase are key factors to determine the spatial variation of ice and freeze‐thaw processes. A multiple linear regression analysis confirms that the eastward drift of thin ice can be mostly attributed to the prevailing westerly. During 2007–2017, ice volume, duration, ice‐on and ice‐off dates show significant interannual variations, and they are highly correlated with the surface air temperature (T2m) averaged over January‐March, from the preceding December to May, in December and over March–May, respectively, suggesting the “cumulative effects” of T2m. Seasonal and interannual variations of ice drift are attributed to the combined effects of wind and ice volume variations. Sensitivity analysis further points out the important impacts of ice on the lake temperature and circulation structure in winter and spring, hence the necessity of hydrodynamic‐ice coupled models in large TP lakes.
Puckered and JNK signaling in pioneer neurons coordinates the motor activity of the Drosophila embryo
Authors: Karkali Katerina , Vernon Samuel W. , Baines Richard A. , Panayotou George , Martín-Blanco Enrique
Published: December 2023

Central nervous system organogenesis is a complex process that obeys precise architectural rules. The impact that nervous system architecture may have on its functionality remains, however, relatively unexplored. To clarify this problem, we analyze the development of the Drosophila embryonic Ventral Nerve Cord (VNC). VNC morphogenesis requires the tight control of Jun kinase (JNK) signaling in a subset of pioneer neurons, exerted in part via a negative feedback loop mediated by the dual specificity phosphatase Puckered. Here we show that the JNK pathway autonomously regulates neuronal electrophysiological properties without affecting synaptic vesicle transport. Manipulating JNK signaling activity in pioneer neurons during early embryogenesis directly influences their function as organizers of VNC architecture and, moreover, uncovers a role in the coordination of the embryonic motor circuitry that is required for hatching. Together, our data reveal critical links, mediated by the control of the JNK signaling cascade by Puckered, between the structural organization of the VNC and its functional optimization.
Micro- and nanofabrication of dynamic hydrogels with multichannel information
Authors: Zhang Mingchao , Lee Yohan , Zheng Zhiqiang , Khan Muhammad Turab Ali , Lyu Xianglong , Byun Junghwan , Giessen Harald , Sitti Metin
Published: December 2023

Creating micro/nanostructures containing multi-channel information within responsive hydrogels presents exciting opportunities for dynamically changing functionalities. However, fabricating these structures is immensely challenging due to the soft and dynamic nature of hydrogels, often resulting in unintended structural deformations or destruction. Here, we demonstrate that dehydrated hydrogels, treated by a programmable femtosecond laser, can allow for a robust fabrication of micro/nanostructures. The dehydration enhances the rigidity of the hydrogels and temporarily locks the dynamic behaviours, significantly promoting their structural integrity during the fabrication process. By utilizing versatile dosage domains of the femtosecond laser, we create micro-grooves on the hydrogel surface through the use of a high-dosage mode, while also altering the fluorescent intensity within the rest of the non-ablated areas via a low-dosage laser. In this way, we rationally design a pixel unit containing three-channel information: structural color, polarization state, and fluorescent intensity, and encode three complex image information sets into these channels. Distinct images at the same location were simultaneously printed onto the hydrogel, which can be observed individually under different imaging modes without cross-talk. Notably, the recovered dynamic responsiveness of the hydrogel enables a multi-information-encoded surface that can sequentially display different information as the temperature changes.
High-throughput target trial emulation for Alzheimer’s disease drug repurposing with real-world data
Authors: Zang Chengxi , Zhang Hao , Xu Jie , Zhang Hansi , Fouladvand Sajjad , Havaldar Shreyas , Cheng Feixiong , Chen Kun , Chen Yong , Glicksberg Benjamin S. , Chen Jin , Bian Jiang , Wang Fei
Published: December 2023

Target trial emulation is the process of mimicking target randomized trials using real-world data, where effective confounding control for unbiased treatment effect estimation remains a main challenge. Although various approaches have been proposed for this challenge, a systematic evaluation is still lacking. Here we emulated trials for thousands of medications from two large-scale real-world data warehouses, covering over 10 years of clinical records for over 170 million patients, aiming to identify new indications of approved drugs for Alzheimer’s disease. We assessed different propensity score models under the inverse probability of treatment weighting framework and suggested a model selection strategy for improved baseline covariate balancing. We also found that the deep learning-based propensity score model did not necessarily outperform logistic regression-based methods in covariate balancing. Finally, we highlighted five top-ranked drugs (pantoprazole, gabapentin, atorvastatin, fluticasone, and omeprazole) originally intended for other indications with potential benefits for Alzheimer’s patients.
Real-time photonic blind interference cancellation
Authors: Lederman Joshua C. , Zhang Weipeng , de Lima Thomas Ferreira , Blow Eric C. , Bilodeau Simon , Shastri Bhavin J. , Prucnal Paul R.
Published: December 2023

mmWave devices can broadcast multiple spatially-separated data streams simultaneously in order to increase data transfer rates. Data transfer can, however, be compromised by interference. Photonic blind interference cancellation systems offer a power-efficient means of mitigating interference, but previous demonstrations of such systems have been limited by high latencies and the need for regular calibration. Here, we demonstrate real-time photonic blind interference cancellation using an FPGA-photonic system executing a zero-calibration control algorithm. Our system offers a greater than 200-fold reduction in latency compared to previous work, enabling sub-second cancellation weight identification. We further investigate key trade-offs between system latency, power consumption, and success rate, and we validate sub-Nyquist sampling for blind interference cancellation. We estimate that photonic interference cancellation can reduce the power required for digitization and signal recovery by greater than 74 times compared to the digital electronic alternative.
Dual activation and C-C coupling on single atom catalyst for CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Sun Fu-li , Lin Cun-biao , Zhang Wei , Chen Qing , Chen Wen-xian , Li Xiao-nian , Zhuang Gui-lin
Published: December 2023

An excellent single-atomic photocatalyst, Ti@C4N3, is theoretically found to effectively convert CO2 to C2H6 by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and non-adiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) simulations. The Ti@C4N3 photocatalyst has remarkable stability both thermally, chemically, and mechanically. Electronically, it has strong absorption properties (λ = 327.77 and 529.61 nm), suitable band positions, and a long photogenerated electron lifetime (τe = 38.21 ps), allowing photogenerated electrons to migrate to the surface. Notably, the high-valence active site effectively activates two CO2 through dual activation: Under light irradiation, the weakly adsorbed CO2 undergoes photo-induced activation by the photoelectron of conduction band minimum (CBM); without light, the high Lewis acidity of the Ti site induces CO2 activation through back-donating π-bond. Contrast simulation results uncovered that dual activation of CO2 is attributed to the thermal and photonic synergy. Furthermore, two activated CO2 species under light easily couple to form oxalate with the barrier of 0.19 eV, and further reduced to C2H6 with a low activation energy of 1.09 eV.
Multi-variate model of T cell clonotype competition and homeostasis
Authors: Luque Duque Daniel , Gaevert Jessica A. , Thomas Paul G. , López-García Martín , Lythe Grant , Molina-París Carmen
Published: December 2023

Diversity of the naive T cell repertoire is maintained by competition for stimuli provided by self-peptides bound to major histocompatibility complexes (self-pMHCs). We extend an existing bi-variate competition model to a multi-variate model of the dynamics of multiple T cell clonotypes which share stimuli. In order to understand the late-time behaviour of the system, we analyse: (i) the dynamics until the extinction of the first clonotype, (ii) the time to the first extinction event, (iii) the probability of extinction of each clonotype, and (iv) the size of the surviving clonotypes when the first extinction event takes place. We also find the probability distribution of the number of cell divisions per clonotype before its extinction. The mean size of a new clonotype at quasi-steady state is an increasing function of the stimulus available to it, and a decreasing function of the fraction of stimuli it shares with other clonotypes. Thus, the probability of, and time to, extinction of a new clonotype entering the pool of T cell clonotypes is determined by the extent of competition for stimuli it experiences and by its initial number of cells.
Eco-friendly orange peel extract as corrosion resistant for carbon steel's deterioration in petroleum formation water
Authors: Elazabawy Olfat E. , Attia Enass M. , Shawky N. H. , Hyba Amira M.
Published: December 2023

The goal of the ongoing study is to determine how orange peel extract (OPE), an environmentally benign additive, affects the corrosion resistance of carbon steel in formation water (FW). The study utilized diverse techniques to investigate the effects of different peel extract concentrations, ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 percent (v/v), and concentrations of 100 to 500 ppm at room temperature (25 °C). Subsequently, the optimal concentration of 2.5 percent (v/v) was identified, and the temperature range was expanded to 25–55 °C for further examination. These techniques include dielectric spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarisation, open circuit potential, and weight loss quantification. The inhibitory efficiency was assessed using the aforementioned techniques, and the results were further verified through the utilization of energy-dispersive radiation (EDS) and FTIR analyses. The outcomes of electrochemical testing demonstrated that orange peel extract (OPE) displayed significant effectiveness in preventing corrosion, with an inhibition rate of 90.13% when used at a concentration of 2.5% and a temperature of 25 °C. The findings suggested that orange peel extract (OPE) acts as a corrosion inhibitor with both inhibitory mechanisms. Its performance improves as the concentration of the inhibitor increases, conforming to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, and it adsorbed to the steel surface through physical adsorption. The findings revealed that orange peel extract (OPE) effectively served as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel by adsorbing its active components onto the surface of the steel. This adsorption process was primarily physical and followed the Langmuir isotherm.
Identifying primary aldosteronism patients who require adrenal venous sampling: a multi-center study﻿
Authors: Kitamoto Takumi , Idé Tsuyoshi , Tezuka Yuta , Wada Norio , Shibayama Yui , Tsurutani Yuya , Takiguchi Tomoko , Inoue Kosuke , Suematsu Sachiko , Omata Kei , Ono Yoshikiyo , Morimoto Ryo , Yamazaki Yuto , Saito Jun , Sasano Hironobu , Satoh Fumitoshi , Nishikawa Tetsuo
Published: December 2023

Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is crucial for subtyping primary aldosteronism (PA) to explore the possibility of curing hypertension. Because AVS availability is limited, efforts have been made to develop strategies to bypass it. However, it has so far proven unsuccessful in applying clinical practice, partly due to heterogeneity and missing values of the cohorts. For this purpose, we retrospectively assessed 210 PA cases from three institutions where segment-selective AVS, which is more accurate and sensitive for detecting PA cases with surgical indications, was available. A machine learning-based classification model featuring a new cross-center domain adaptation capability was developed. The model identified 102 patients with PA who benefited from surgery in the present cohort. A new data imputation technique was used to address cross-center heterogeneity, making a common prediction model applicable across multiple cohorts. Logistic regression demonstrated higher accuracy than Random Forest and Deep Learning [(0.89, 0.86) vs. (0.84, 0.84), (0.82, 0.84) for surgical or medical indications in terms of f-score]. A derived integrated flowchart revealed that 35.2% of PA cases required AVS with 94.1% accuracy. The present model enabled us to reduce the burden of AVS on patients who would benefit the most.
Short-term variations in trabecular bone texture parameters associated to radio-clinical biomarkers improve the prediction of radiographic knee osteoarthritis progression
Authors: Almhdie-Imjabbar Ahmad , Toumi Hechmi , Lespessailles Eric
Published: December 2023

The present study aims to examine whether the short-term variations in trabecular bone texture (TBT) parameters, combined with a targeted set of clinical and radiographic data, would improve the prediction of long-term radiographic knee osteoarthritis (KOA) progression. Longitudinal (baseline, 24 and 48-month) data, obtained from the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort, were available for 1352 individuals, with preexisting OA (1 < Kellgren–Lawrence < 4) at baseline. KOA progression was defined as an increase in the medial joint space narrowing score from the 24-months to the 48-months control point. 16 regions of interest were automatically selected from each radiographic knee and analyzed using fractal dimension. Variations from baseline to 24 months in TBT descriptors as well as selected radiographic and clinical readings were calculated. Different logistic regression models were developed to evaluate the progression prediction performance when associating TBT variations with the selected clinical and radiographic readings. The most predictive model was mainly determined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The proposed prediction model including short-term variations in TBT parameters, associated with clinical covariates and radiographic scores, improved the capacity of predicting long-term radiographic KOA progression (AUC of 0.739), compared to models based solely on baseline values (AUC of 0.676, p-value < 0.008).
Improved Retinex algorithm for low illumination image enhancement in the chemical plant area
Authors: Wang Xin , Hu Shaolin , Li Jichao
Published: December 2023

Due to the complexity of the chemical plant area at night and the harsh lighting environment, the images obtained by monitoring equipment have issues such as blurred details and insufficient contrast, which is not conducive to the subsequent target detection work. A low illumination image enhancement model based on an improved Retinex algorithm is proposed to address the above issues. The model consists of a decomposition network, an adjustment network, and a reconstruction network. In the decomposition network, a new decomposition network USD-Net is established based on U-Net, which decomposes the original image into illumination and reflection maps, enhancing the extraction of image details and low-frequency information; Using an adjustment network to enhance the decomposed lighting image, and introducing a Mobilenetv3 lightweight network and residual structure to simplify the network model and improve the contrast of the image; In the reconstruction network, the BM3D method is used for image denoising to enhance the ability to restore image detail features; The enhanced illumination and reflection images were fused based on the Retinex algorithm to achieve low illumination image enhancement in the chemical plant area. This article uses five image quality evaluation indicators, namely Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Structural Similarity Index, Natural Image Quality Evaluator, Interpolation Error, and Level of Effort, to compare eight traditional or modern algorithms and evaluate three different types of datasets. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm enhances the texture details of the image, improves the contrast and saturation of the image, and has good stability and robustness, which can effectively meet the needs of low illumination image enhancement in chemical plant areas.
A CNN based m5c RNA methylation predictor
Authors: Aslam Irum , Shah Sajid , Jabeen Saima , ELAffendi Mohammed , A. Abdel Latif Asmaa , Ul Haq Nuhman , Ali Gauhar
Published: December 2023

Post-transcriptional modifications of RNA play a key role in performing a variety of biological processes, such as stability and immune tolerance, RNA splicing, protein translation and RNA degradation. One of these RNA modifications is m5c which participates in various cellular functions like RNA structural stability and translation efficiency, got popularity among biologists. By applying biological experiments to detect RNA m5c methylation sites would require much more efforts, time and money. Most of the researchers are using pre-processed RNA sequences of 41 nucleotides where the methylated cytosine is in the center. Therefore, it is possible that some of the information around these motif may have lost. The conventional methods are unable to process the RNA sequence directly due to high dimensionality and thus need optimized techniques for better features extraction. To handle the above challenges the goal of this study is to employ an end-to-end, 1D CNN based model to classify and interpret m5c methylated data sites. Moreover, our aim is to analyze the sequence in its full length where the methylated cytosine may not be in the center. The evaluation of the proposed architecture showed a promising results by outperforming state-of-the-art techniques in terms of sensitivity and accuracy. Our model achieve 96.70% sensitivity and 96.21% accuracy for 41 nucleotides sequences while 96.10% accuracy for full length sequences.
Recent European drying and its link to prevailing large-scale atmospheric patterns
Authors: Bakke Sigrid J. , Ionita Monica , Tallaksen Lena M.
Published: December 2023

The extreme 2018 and 2022 droughts pose as recent examples of a series of drought events that have hit Europe over the last decades with wide ranging social, environmental and economic impacts. Although the link between atmospheric circulation and meteorological drought is clear and often highlighted during major drought events, there is a lack of in-depth studies linking historical changes in meteorological drought indices and prevailing large-scale atmospheric patterns in Europe. To meet this shortfall, we investigated the relation between changes in large-scale atmospheric patterns and meteorological drought, as indicated by the geopotential height at 500mb (Z500) and the Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), respectively. Calculations were done separately for four climate regions (North, West, Central-East and Mediterranean) over the growing season (March–September). Coherent patterns of significant changes towards higher pressure (increasing Z500) and drier conditions (decreasing SPEI) over 1979–2021 are found over West in spring and Central-East in summer. Z500 and SPEI are strongly linked, reflected by both significant (1979–2021) correlations and high co-occurrences (69-96%) between meteorological drought and high-pressure anomaly occurrences since 1900. North shows the most heterogeneous trend patterns and weakest links, but constitutes a hotspot of significantly increasing Z500 in September. Finally, we performed an ensemble-based, European wide analysis of future Z500, based on CMIP6 low-end (SSP126) and high-end (SSP585) 21st century emission scenarios. According to the projected changes, anomalously high-pressure systems will be the new normal regardless of scenario, and well exceeding the 2018 and 2022 levels in the case of the high-end emission scenario. However, due to the limitations of the model ensemble to represent the spatial heterogeneity in historical Z500 variability and trends (1979–2014), projected changes in large-scale circulation, and associated meteorological droughts, are highly uncertain. This paper provides new insight into significant trends in atmospheric circulation over Europe, their strong links to the observed drying trends, and the inability of a CMIP6 ensemble to reproduce the spatial heterogeneity of the circulation changes.
Durability of heat-treated Paulownia tomentosa and Pinus koraiensis woods in palm oil and air against brown- and white-rot fungi
Authors: Suri Intan Fajar , Purusatama Byantara Darsan , Kim Jong Ho , Hidayat Wahyu , Hwang Won Joung , Iswanto Apri Heri , Park Se Yeong , Lee Seung Hwan , Kim Nam Hun
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of oil- and air-heat treatments on the durability of Paulownia tomentosa and Pinus koraiensis woods against Fomitopsis palustris and Trametes versicolor. The wood samples were treated in palm oil and air at 180, 200, and 220 °C for 2 h. The weight loss, morphology, crystalline properties, and chemical compounds of untreated and heat-treated wood after fungal attack were investigated. The significant difference in weight loss between oil- and air-heat-treated samples was shown at 220 °C. Heat-treated wood exposed to white-rot fungus showed a lower weight loss than that exposed to brown-rot fungus. The cell components in the untreated- and heat-treated Paulownia tomentosa and Pinus koraiensis at 180 °C were severely damaged due to fungal exposure compared to those at 220 °C. A fungal effect on the relative crystallinity was observed in heat-treated wood at 180 °C, whereas the effect was not observed at 220 °C. Following brown-rot fungus exposure, untreated- and heat-treated wood at 180 °C showed a notable change in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) peaks of polysaccharides, whereas no noticeable change in lignin peaks was observed. Heat-treated wood at 220 °C showed no noticeable change in the FTIR spectra owing to brown-rot fungus exposure. Exposure to white-rot fungus did not noticeably change the FTIR spectra of untreated and heat-treated wood.
Development of an iron overload HepG2 cell model using ferrous ammonium citrate
Authors: Abbasi Usama , Abbina Srinivas , Gill Arshdeep , Kizhakkedathu Jayachandran N.
Published: December 2023

Cell-based iron overload models provide tremendous utility for the investigations into the pathogenesis of different diseases as well as assessing efficacy of various therapeutic strategies. In the literature, establishing such models vary widely with regards to cell lines, iron source, iron treatment conditions and duration. Due to this diversity, researchers reported significant differences in the measured outcomes, either in cellular function or response to a stimulus. Herein, we report the process required to establish an iron overload HepG2 cell model to achieve a consistent and reproducible results such that the literature can strive towards a consensus. Iron loading in cells was achieved with 50 μM of iron every 24 h for 2 days, followed by an additional 24 h of maintenance in fresh media. We demonstrated that iron overloaded cells had significantly increased ROS generation, labile and total iron whilst having various cellular functions resemble cells without iron overload. The present report addresses key pitfalls with regards to the lack of consensus currently present in the literature.