bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbe-plant interactions between Streptomyces and model agricultural plants – Hordeum vulgare and Lycopersicon esculentum (Microtom)
Authors: Mutenko H. V. , Ostash B. O. , Rothballer M. , Weiss A. , Schmid M. , Hartmann A. , Fedorenko V. O.
Published: November 2019

Aim. Microbe-plant interactions (MPI) constitute an important aspect of ecology because of their significant influence on plant’s ability to withstand abiotic stress and infection. In comparison to proteobacteria and bacilli, the roles of streptomycetes in MPI remain poorly studied. Here, we elucidate some aspects of MPI between two model plant species, Hordeum vulgare and Lycopersicon esculentum, and several strains of Streptomyces lividans 1326 and S. ghanaensis ATCC14672. Methods. Microbiology, microscopy and molecular genetics were combined to reveal the MPI. Results. We demonstrate the colonization of H. vulgare and L. esculentum roots by different strains of S. ghanaensis deficient in production of either the antibiotic moenomycin or signaling molecule of the γ-butyrolactone type. The treatment of H. vulgare seeds with S. lividans spores increased the root biomass. Plants treated with 1,4-butyrolactone had no positive influence on plants, at milimolar concentrations this compound inhibited the root and shoot growth of L. esculentum. Conclusions. Roots of two mono- and dicot plants are colonized by Streptomyces; reporter gene uidA is useful to monitor the colonization. Under our experimental conditions the ability to colonize plants by streptomycetes was not affected by the deficiency in antibiotic or butenolide production.

Keywords: Streptomyces ghanaensis, moenomycinA, low-molecular weight signal compounds, root colonization.
Non-additive expression of awn development regulatory genes in the bread wheat lines with introgressions from Amblyopyrum muticum
Authors: Navalikhina A. G. , Antonyuk M. Z. , Ternovska T. K.
Published: November 2019

Aim. Nonadditive expression of homeotic genes is considered to cause the development of nonparental phenotypes in the plants of hybrid origin. Previously, orthologs of rice and barley awn development regulators TaTOB1, TaDL, TaKNOX3, and TaETT2 were identified in the bread wheat genome sequence. Nonadditive expression of these regulators can be the reason for the emergence of non-parental terminally awned phenotypes among the bread wheat lines with introgressions from Amblyopyrum muticum Methods. Gene expression was identified with end-point detection RT-qPCR Results. Introgressive lines have expression of TaTOB1, TaKNOX3, and TaETT2 at the lower level compared to parents. As orthologs of TaTOB1 and TaKNOX3 are negative regulators of awn development in rice and barley, their reduced expression could have caused the appearance of terminally awned plants among introgressive lines. Neverthless, the reduced expression of the genes wasn’t specific to the lines with non-parental phenotype. Conclusions. Due to the lack of correlation between reduced expression of the genes studied and non-parental phenotype of the introgressive lines, the role of nonadditive expression of  TaTOB1, TaKNOX3, and TaETT2 in the development of this phenotype is not clear. Keywords: amphidiploids, non-additive expression, developmental genetics, awns.
Molecular characterization of high-molecular weight glutenin subunits 1Bx6.1 and 1By22.1 from Triticum spelta К1731 accession
Authors: Orlovskaya O. A. , Yatsevich K. K. , Vakula S. I. , Khotyleva L. V. , Kilchevsky A. V.
Published: November 2019

Aim. Some spelt varieties, along with alleles of gliadins and high-molecular glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), identical to common wheat, contain specific alleles, that are source of Triticum aestivum gene pool enrichment. The aim of this work is the identification, molecular analysis of HMW – GS from T. spelta K1731 and evaluation of their effect on the elastic properties of gluten. Methods. Identification of HMW-GS was carried out by SDS-electrophoresis and PCR analysis. Nucleotide gene sequences were determined by Sanger sequencing. The secondary structure of proteins was predicted on the on-line CFSSP server. Results. Subunits 6.1 + 22.1 of the Glu-B1 locus encoded by the Glu-B1be allele were detected in the T. spelta K1731. The nucleotide sequences of the 1Bx6.1, 1By22.1 genes from spelt were determined, the amino acid sequence and the protein secondary structure of 6.1 + 22.1 subunits were analyzed. Conclusions. Molecular analysis of HMW-GS 1Bх6.1 and 1By22.1 from T. spelta К1731 established a low contribution to the bread-making quality of these subunits.

Keywords: Triticum spelta K1731, HMW-GS, SDS electrophoresis, sequencing, secondary protein structure, gluten quality.
Ist and IIIrd intron length polymorphism of actin genes as a tool for flax DNA-profiling
Authors: Postovoitova A. S. , Pirko Ya. V. , Blume Ya. B.
Published: November 2019

Aim. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the possibility of using the polymorphism of the Ist and IIIrd introns of actin genes for DNA plant genotyping using flax varieties as model. Methods. 16 varieties of Ukrainian flax were analyzed. PCR was conducted using self-developed species-specific primers for the Ist and IIIrd introns of flax actin genes. DNA fragments were separated by electrophoresis in a 6% polyacrylamide gel and visualized by silver stains. Results. As a result of the evaluation of the Ist and IIIrd intron length polymorphism of actin genes, the species-specific DNA profiles of 16 flax varieties containing the target amplicons were obtained. The 7 allele phenotypes (PIC = 0.62) were detected for the Ist introns of the actin genes, and 3 allelic phenotypes (PIC = 0.32) for the IIIrd intron of actin genes. The highest level of polymorphism in the flax varieties was detected by evaluating the Ist intron length polymorphism of actin genes. Conclusions. Evaluation of the polymorphism of the Ist and IIIrd introns of actin genes allows genotyping and obtaining DNA profiles of flax varieties, which demonstrates the feasibility of further using both approaches for molecular genetic analysis of plants.

Keywords: gene introns, length polymorphism, actin genes, flax (Linum usitatissimum L.).
Influence of introduction of interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 into experimental marker DNA-vaccine
Authors: Pokholenko Ia. O. , Gulko T. P. , Kordium V. A.
Published: November 2019

Aim. To determine the effects of the combined administration of recombinant expression vectors containing genes of murine interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 on humoral immune response, elicited by the experimental marker DNA-vaccine against classical swine fever. Methods. Expression of chimeric proteins in vitro and in vivo was determined by western-blot analysis. The antibodies specific to target antigens in blood serum have been detected by ELISA. Results. A series of recombinant plasmid vectors containing the genes of murine interleukin-2 and chimeric murine interleukin-12 have been developed. It has been shown that target chimeric proteins were expressed from the developed vectors both in vitro in HEK293 and in vivo in murine muscle tissue. The use of combined administration of murine interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 genes resulted in significant enhancement of titer of the anti-E2 and anti-β-galactosidase IgG, induced by vaccination with experimental marker DNA-vaccine against CSF, and model DNA-vaccine respectively. Conclusions. The data obtained show that the introduction of recombinant expressing vectors containing genes of murine interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 into vaccine preparations enhances humoral immune response elicited by the experimental marker DNA-vaccine against CSF and modelDNA-vaccine. Keywords: DNA-vaccine, humoral immune response, interleukin-2, interleukin-12, classical swine fever.
Polymorphism of two wheat degydrines genes
Authors: Urbanovich O. Yu. , Kuzmitskaya P. V. , Borovskiy G. B.
Published: November 2019

Aim. The aim of this work is to study the nucleotide sequences variability of two genes encoding wheat dehydrins. One of them belong to K-2 group, the other refers to K-3 type (respectively, TaDHN18 and TaDHN19.3 according to the classification of Wang et al.). These loci sre interesting due to their's genes participation in protection of plants from the various adverse abioti ecffects. Methods. Polymorphism of two genes encoding dehydrins was investigated using 6 wheat varieties as examples, among which were spring and winter varieties with different cold resistance, using PCR-based cloning, sequencing, and data processing softwares. Results. An analysis of the obtained nucleotide and hypothetical protein sequences alignment showed that the locus under study in the genomes of different wheat varieties, both spring and winter, is characterized by a high identity degree. Conclusions. The high conservatism of two loci encoding K-2 and K-3 dehydrins was demonstrated.

Keywords: wheat, dehydrins, polymorphism.
The influence of kojic acid and donor NO on Triticum aestivum L. under biotic stress
Authors: Zhuk I. V. , Dmitriev O. P. , Lysova G. M. , Kucherova L. O.
Published: November 2019

Aim. The usage of biotic elicitors for elicitation of defense responses may induce plant disease resistance and prevent increased environmental pollution by pesticides. Hydrogen peroxide (HP) is a signal molecule for photosynthetic status and for stomatal movements, and systemic acquired resistance to pathogens in plants proposed to be dependent on H2O2. It is shown in our previous research that biotic elicitors influence on H2O2 content in plants. Kojic acid inhibits tyrosinase activity in melanin synthesis. In plant-pathogen interaction melanin plays role for filaments growth of fungal agent. The aim of research was to analyze in field trials effect of kojic acid with additional donor NO treatment of winter wheat under biotic stress. Methods. Content of endogenous H2O2 was measured in kojic acid and NO donor treated wheat plants (cv. Legenda Myronivska) during different ontogenesis phases. The extent of morphometric parameters and yield structure were analyzed. Results. The data obtained suggest that kojic acid and donor NO decreased the HP content in wheat leaves and increased the grain number and yield. Conclusions. Kojic acid with donor NO is effective combination and could be used as biotic elicitor. Keywords: winter wheat, kojic acid, NO, biotic elicitors, induced resistance, Triticum aestivum L., Septoria tritici Rob.et Desm.
Analysis of efficiency of development of swine embryos outside the organism with use of nanobiomaterial
Authors: Zyuzyun A. B. , Shcherbak O. V. , Kovtun S. I. , Sverhunov A. O. , Sverhunova H. O.
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the effect of nanobiomaterial, synthesized on the basis of ultrafine silica modified by the sucrose (UFS/sucrose) on the effectiveness of meiotic maturation of swine oocytes and their subsequent embryonic development outside the organism. Methods. The oocyte-cumulus complexes (OCC) of pigs were divided into four groups: three experimental groups, in which cultivation was carried out in a medium containing 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001% UFS/sucrose and control group - without the addition of nanobiomaterial. Results. It has been established that the addition of 0.001% UFS/sucrose is the most effective for increasing the level of maturation, it provides 80.9% oocytes that have reached the stage of metaphase II meiosis. For the purpose of studying completeness of in vitro maturation of swine oocytes, they were fertilized by cryopreserved ejaculated spermatozoa. It was found, that in experimental groups with 0.1 and 0.01% UFS/sucrose concentration zygotes were formed outside the organism by 8.3% and 5.4% less than in the control group (11.3% ± 6.3), respectively. Higher by 12.2% level of embryo cleavage was observed in the group that matured with 0.001% UFS/sucrose, compared with control, and this figure was 23.5%. Conclusions. It was shown that the use of UFS/sucrose in the system of embryogenetic research contributes to the purposeful stimulation of biological processes in the oocytes. It has been proved that the addition of UFS/sucrose at a concentration of 0.001% to the medium composition for cultivation of OCC positively affects the maturation efficiency of swine oocytes and provides a higher level of embryo cleavage outside the organism (23.5%). Keywords: oocytes, in vitro cultivation, embryos, nanobiomaterial, ultrafine silica, sucrose.
Productivity of winter wheat plants with the additional copy of the ornithine-δ-aminotransferase gene under water deficit conditions
Authors: Komisarenko A. G. , Mykhalska S. I. , Kurchii V. M.
Published: November 2019

Aim. The evaluation of the productivity components of wheat biotech plants with the additional copy of the ornithine-δ-aminotransferase (oat) gene under water stress conditions. Methods. Field and laboratory approaches for studying the parameters of the crop structure. Results. A comparative analysis of productivity components of control plants and forms, obtained via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation were made. During plants cultivation under water deficit the genotype differences among variants were detected. Conclusions. It was showed that under osmotic stress pressure biotech plants (T2) of wheat winter genotypes Favoritka, Dostatok, Volodarka demonstrated better indices of crop structure compared with control plants. The differences between T2 Zolotocolosa and control plants were not essential. Biotechnological plants with the additional copy of the oat gene under poor water supply conditions were higher, had better developed root systems and formed the increased number of additional (lateral) shoots. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., biotechnological plants, ornithine-δ-aminotransferase gene, productivity components.
Induction of chlorophyll fluorescence use for assessment of functioning of Gentiana lutea L. plants photosynthetic apparatus in different conditions of culturing in vitro
Authors: Hrytsak L. R. , Herts A. I. , Herts N. V. , Drobyk N. M.
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the peculiarities of functioning of photosynthetic apparatus of Gentiana lutea L. plants in vitro under different light qualities and source of carbon in the composition of nutrient medium by using the induction of chlorophyll fluorescence (ICF) method. Methods. Chlorophyll fluorescence was determined in light-adapted leaves of cultivated in vitro G. lutea plants by use of PAM fluorometry MultispeQ. The parameters change of photosynthetic apparatus functioning of cultivated in vitro plants was assessed with regard to light qualities (Variant 1: light intensity – 85 W/m2, when different spectra combinations of blue-wave band (Еb) and green-wave band (Еg) and red-wave band (Еr) was 33% : 42% : 25%; Variant 2: light intensity – 100 W/m2, with wave bands of spectra – Еb : Еg : Еr = 25% : 27% : 48%) and the source of carbon (10 g/l of sucrose or 3 g/l of mannite) in the composition of nutrient medium МS/2 (MS medium with half amount of macro- and microsalts), supplemented with 0.1mg/l of kinetin. Results. It was established that G. lutea plants cultivated in vitro for 90 days in light conditions of Variant 2 had a quantum yield photochemical of PS ІІ 8.3 % higher in comparison to G. lutea specimens cultured in light conditions of Variant 1. The vitality value of Variant 2 plants was 23 % higher. Change of carbon source in the composition of nutrient medium from sucrose (10 g/l) to mannite (3 g/l) was both increasing the efficiency of functioning of photosynthetic apparatus of Gentiana lutea L. plants in vitro and activating their resistance mechanisms to water deficit. Conclusions. The ICF method use shows that functioning of photosynthetic apparatus of G. lutea plants in vitro depends different qualities light and source of carbon in the composition of nutrient medium.

Key words: induction of chlorophyll a fluorescence, plants in vitro, Gentiana lutea L.
Study of influence of ascorbic acid, reducing sugars and methyldopa on betalains content in Celosia cristata callus
Authors: Lystvan K. V.
Published: November 2019

Aim. The aim of the present work is to investigate the influence of reducing sugars, ascorbic acid and methyl DOPA as one of the DOPA decarboxylase inhibitors on total amount and spectrum of betalains in the callus culture of cockscomb Celosia cristata L. (Amaranthaceae). Methods. Tissue culture methods, analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), spectrophotometry. Results. Adding of some reducing sugars (1 % of glucose, arabinose or rhamnose) to the media does not increase the total betalains content. Ascorbic acid at a concentration of 5 mM also does not significantly affect the amount of betalains, but considerably inhibit the callus growth. Moreover, ascorbic acid causes significant decreasing of the dopamine content and the normalized concentration of the main betacyanin pigment of the callus – amaranthin. Investigations have begun to study the effects of DOPA-decarboxylase inhibitors on the content of betalains and dopamine. Increased level of betalains in the callus in the presence of all used concentrations of methylDOPA was aobserved. The necessity of use of ascorbic acid or another stabilizer of methylDOPA in order to prevent oxidation of this inhibitor has been established. Conclusions. The data obtained suggest that methylDOPA as well as, probably, other inhibitors of DOPA decarboxylase can influence on betalains level in callus culture, so their use may be a potential strategy for these pigments content increasing.

Keywords: Celosia cristata L. betalains, dopamine, callus culture.
Inheritance stability of hybrid plasmid TrS16 in transformant under long-term culture conditions without supporting selection
Authors: Lukyanchuk V. V. , Golembiovska S. L. , Polishchuk L. V.
Published: November 2019

Aim. The aim is to define the stability of inheritance the streptomycete recombinant plasmid TrS16 (8.4 kb) by TрS16 – 2 transformant cells of after the long-term storage without a purposeful selection (thiostrepton). Methods. Applied microbiological, genetic and physical-chemical methods. The recombinant plasmid of TrS16 was constructed on a base of the hybrid plasmid рАХ5а. The plasmidless variant of strain of Streptomyces globisporus 1912 was used as a recipient for the plasmid TrS16. Results. It is set that 5 % cells of transformant TрS16 – 2 population saved thiostrepton resistance after his periodic subculturings without selective pressure him during 5 years. The hybrid plasmid TrS16 was found only in a fourth from the investigated thiostreptonrecipient colonies of transformant of TрS16 – 2. Conclusions. The hybrid plasmid TrS16 is characterized satisfactory stability of inheritance by the transfotmant TрS16 – 2 after long-term storage of transformant without the use of thiostrepton for a purposeful selection.

Keywords: plasmid, vector, insertion, stability of inheritance.
Effect of vanadium(IV) on the growth of Artemisia tilesii “hairy” root culture
Authors: Matvieieva N. A. , Gavryliuk O. A. , Duplij V. P.
Published: November 2019

Aim. Determination of the effect of toxic metals on plants is of considerable interest, since contamination of the environment with toxicants is a threat to the safety of agriculture and human health. Vanadium increased content in soil leads to the suppression of plant growth. The aim of the work was to determine the peculiarities of the influence of V(IV) (neutral solution [V4+ cit]) on Artemisia tilesii Ledeb plants in the in vitro model system and to compare this effect on the growth of “hairy” root culture and plants. Methods. Plant shoots and transgenic roots were cultivated on a solidified Murashige and Skoog medium with V(IV) at 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 mg/L. Mass increase was measured after 4 weeks. Results. It was found that V(IV) at 50 mg/L concentration completely inhibited root formation and led to shoot death. Transgenic roots survived even at 100 mg/L of vanadium. Conclusions. The results of the work demonstrated that A. tilesii “hairy” roots were characterized by greater resistance to V(IV) than control plants. In addition, differences in the sensitivity of different root lines to this compound were detected. This fact probably could be explained by the transformation, the transfer of agrobacterial genes, and changes in the secondary metabolism in transgenic roots.

Keywords: vanadium(IV), Artemisia tilesii Ledeb., “hairy” root culture.
Biometric and biochemical peculiarities of new M.×giganteus lines with increased ploidy level
Authors: Melnychuk O. V. , Ozheredov S. P. , Rakhmetov D. B. , Rakhmetova S. O. , Bayer O. О. , Yemets A. I. , Blume Ya. B.
Published: November 2019

Aim. The aim of the work was to study biometricl and biochemical traits of new M. × giganteus lines obtained from polyploidization with the use of new antimitotic compounds of dinitroanilines class. Methods. The study has been conducted based on biological and biochemical parameters such as: plant height, number of rhizomes, number of leaves per stalk, ratio of leaves to stems, vegetative mass, dry mass and ash content; total sugars and monosugars content; energy value of biomass. Results. It has been established that all studied lines significantly differed for all biological and biochemical parameters. The best results for majority of parameters has been observed in lines 108 and 202, and namely, vegetative mass of plants, plant height, number of rhizomes and number of leaves per stalk. Conclusions. Some lines of M.×giganteus with increased ploidy level appeared to be significantly superior to triploid forms in most biometric and biochemical parameters and require further study. Keywords: dinitroanilines, polyploids, Miscanthus × giganteus, biofuel.
Possible replacement of cytokinins and auxins in culture in vitro
Authors: Oliynik T. M. , Kovbasenko R. B. , Dmitriev A. P. , Dulniev P. G.
Published: November 2019

Aim. To perform an analysis of the effectiveness of our proposed modification of the classical MS medium in which auxin and cytokinin are replaced by derivatives of the class of tetrahydrothio-fendioxide and pyridine. Methods. In this study, the work with cell culture in vitro, in particular aseptic sprouting of seeds, microclonal reproduction, callusogenesis and initiation of various types of morphogenesis was carried out according to known techniques. Two varieties of potatoes (Slovyanka, Lugovskaya) and two varieties of tomato (Lagidny, Bobrytsky) were used to induce somaclonal variability. Results. The ability of preparations of tetrahydrothiophenedioxide and pyridine derivatives to perform the function of auxins and cytokinins in the MS medium in the callusogenesis of Solanacea cultures in vitro was established. Conclusions. It has been shown that with the use of the new generation drug (tetrahydrothiophenedioxide-pyridine), as a substitute for auxin and cytokinin in the MS medium, the growth of callus tissue is even increased. The production of the pilot batch of this substitute proved to be much cheaper than synthesis or the purchase of phytohormones.

Keywords: modification of MS medium, phytohormones substitute, tetrahydro-thiophenedioxide-pyridine, potato, tomato.
The regeneration potential of promising winter common wheat lines in shoot apical meristem culture
Authors: Pykalo S. V. , Demydov O. A. , Yurchenko T. V. , Prokopik N. I. , Humeniuk O. V.
Published: November 2019

Aim. To investigate the regenerative ability of promising winter common wheat lines in shoot apical meristem culture. Methods. Plant tissue culture methods, statistical evaluation of data. Results. The processes of morphogenesis in culture of apical meristem of 3-days seedlings of lines of winter common wheat were investigated and it was established that the frequency of callusogenesis and shoot regeneration in the studied forms is determined by the genotype of explant. Two types of callus with morphophysiological properties were identified: morphogenic and nonmorphogenic callus. The formation of regenerated plants from wheat calli took place through both gemmorizogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Conclusions. The line Erytrospermum 60068 was characterized the highest regeneration potential and it can be recommended for further biotechnology of wheat. Obtained technology of vigorous regenerated plant production of winter common wheat lines in shoot apical meristem culture can be used in cell selection and genetic engineering experiments.
Keywords: winter common wheat, apical meristem, genotype, callus, shoot regeneration.
Autophagy development as an adaptive response to microgravity conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Shadrina R. Yu. , Yemets A. I. , Blume Ya. B.
Published: November 2019

Aim. The main aim of the study was to analyze the effect of microgravity on the growth and development of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings at different time intervals of cultivation (4–10 days) and to investigate the development of autophagy induced by the conditions of microgravity in seedlings root cells. Methods. Microscopic methods as well as in vitro propagation method were used. To simulate of microgravity conditions plants were placed in clinostat machine. Results. In the course of experiments, the peaks of the formation of autophagosome were recorded: in the cells of the root cap zone of at 9th day and in the cells of the root zone extension on the 10th day of clinical establishment. Conclusions. It can be concluded that microgravity is capable to induce the development of autophagy in the roots of A. thaliana seedlings. Cells with signs of autophagy were revealed on the 9th and 10th day of cultivation of seedlings under microgravity conditions. Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana, autophagy, microgravity.
The main problem of studying biological evolution
Authors: Mikhyeyev A. N.
Published: November 2019

The evolutionary aspect of the emergence problem is the main problem of studying the laws of biological evolution. A possible mechanism of how an ontogenetically modified phenotype (phenotypic modification, “morphosis”) is fixed in the genotype – the problem of “genetic assimilation” is considered. In particular, it is assumed that adaptive mutagenesis is involved in this, generating random multiple mutations that are “not Lamarckian”, but Darwinian, because they occur in random places in the genome. Stress-induced mutations that arise as a result of error-prone repair processes, while not targeting specific genes, are not randomly scattered around the genome. On the contrary, these mutations are concentrated around double-stranded DNA breaks caused by various stressors. It is assumed that the breaks occur with greater probability in actively transcribed DNA regions, reflecting the current activity of the organism and being the most open DNA regions. All this creates the conditions for the more likely appearance of useful mutations in the “trained” locus of the genome. Keywords: selectogenesis, nomogenesis, genetic assimilation, stress-mutagenesis.
Lexical problems of genetic and breeding terminology in agricultural science and education
Authors: Opalko A. I. , Opalko O. A.
Published: November 2019

Aim. The need to improve the genetic and breeding terminology, in particular its lexicographic components as well as the necessity to more precise definition of certain indirect terminological borrowing were causes our research. Methods. In the process of preparation of materials of terminological dictionaries, textbooks and manuals, as well as scientific works on general genetics and plant breeding published in various years were analyzed and colligated. The peculiarities of the certain terms use were investigated by methods of theoretical analysis, comparison and generalization of scientific literature, in consideration of the methodical aspects of component analysis. Results. The phenomenon of different terms using for the definition of the same concepts, confuse definitions and spelling errors of a number of terms and incorrect synonymy, Russism and other common mistakes occur found in Ukrainian scientific, methodological and educational publications are analyzed. The negative consequences of an incorrect translation of thesis summaries and scientific articles abstracts into English are noted. Conclusions. The linguistic and terminological expertise must be carried out in order to unify of the genetic and breeding terminology and more precise definition of certain indirect terminological borrowing. The efforts of geneticists, breeders and linguists should combine for preparing modern Academy explaining dictionary.

Keywords: backcross, dihaploid, nutrient medium, reciprocal crosses, inbreeding, progeny.
Vitrification during development of clonal micropropagation technology for rare plant species of Salvia scabiosifolia Lam.
Authors: Holubenko A. V. , Nuzhyna N. V.
Published: November 2019

Aim. Anatomical structure comparison of normal and vitrified  Salvia scabiosifolia Lam plants in vitro; nutrient medium growth regulator selection for vitrification minimization. Methods. In vitro culture methods were used. Plants were grown on MS nutrient medium, enriched by peroxyacetic and indoleacetic acids and BAP with different combinations and concentrations. Anatomical leaf slices 10 µm thick  were dyed with aceto-orcein and safranin. Results. Anatomical differences between thew structures of normal and vitrified S. scabiosifolia leaves were detected. Minimal vitrification was achieved by using nutrient mediums with 0.2 mg/l IAA + 1 mg/l BAP;  0.2 mg/l IAA + 2.5 mg/l BAP; 0.2 mg/l IAA  + 0.1 mg/l NAA + 2 mg/l BAP. Conclusions. Anatomical structural features of vitrified leaves indicate abnormal transpiration, division and growth speed of epidermis and mesophyll cells. Vitrification can be lowered by variation of growth regulation content in the nutrient medium. Major role in causing vitrification in S. scabiosifolia is played by auxins, but combining them with cytokinins lowers vitrification significantly.

Keywords: Salvia scabiosifolia Lam., in vitro, plant anatomy, vitrification, auxins, BAP.
Taking College Esports Seriously
Authors: Kauweloa Nyle Sky , Winter Jenifer Sunrise
Published: November 2019

This study examined how collegiate esports players conceptualized their own competitive gameplay as situated between work and play. Using interviews guided by Stebbins’ (2007) serious leisure perspective, 16 collegiate esports players described how belonging to a collegiate esports team has shaped their identity, and how they experienced gaming within the structured environment of a collegiate esports team and club. Stebbins’ description of skill and knowledge development was supported, and the findings are in accord with Stebbins’ conceptualization of “personal rewards,” such as self-expression, self-image, and self-actualization.
Análise de clusters: técnica de agrupamento, arte de interpretação dos resultados
Authors: Ribeiro Paulo Castro
Published: November 2019

São inúmeros os exemplos que podemos encontrar, na história do pensamento humano, sobre as formas de abordar o real tendo em vista a sua compreensão. Alguns dos esforços mais profícuos surgem-nos na antiga Grécia. Entre outros, gostaríamos de salientar o contributo dado por Aristóteles na formulação da chamada Teoria da Abstracção, segundo a qual seria possível a formulação de conceitos. Aristóteles propõe-nos a utilização de uma faculdade da razão (a abstracção), como forma de separar o essencial do acessório, tendo em vista a formulação dos conceitos. É desta forma que concebemos árvore independentemente da sua espécie, cadeira independentemente da sua forma. A formulação dos conceitos assenta em dois momentos distintos. O primeiro traduz-se no contacto com a diversidade do real através dos sentidos; o segundo naquela capacidade, própria dos seres racionais, que lhes permite reter e classificar o essencial como forma de o organizar.
A epidemia de tifo em Loriga (1927)
Authors: Moura Maria Lúcia de Brito
Published: November 2019

Antes de entrar no espaço mais envolvente do tema em análise penso não ser despropositado tecer algumas breves considerações sobre mudanças importantes que se foram verificando ao longo dos dois últimos séculos e que tiveram repercussões no modo de encarar a doença - e o doente - no mundo ocidental. Na verdade, a história das doenças funde-se - e confunde-se - na história geral da Humanidade: dos seus medos, das suas crenças, dos seus rituais ... e das vitórias sobre os medos e das ousadias de querer conhecer os segredos do mundo e da vida. História da luta contra a doença e contra a morte ou, utilizando a terminologia de Philippe Aries, "une révolution de la vie et une révolution de la mort" (P. Aries, 1993:304), conflui na história da ciência, a grande libertadora, aquela que, sobretudo desde o século XVIII, vinha prometendo ao homem a resposta a todas as questões e o fim de todas as angústias. O homem emancipava-se e emancipava o universo de qualquer poder exterior a si e, crente nas virtudes do cientismo, pensava estar a assistir ao nascer de um tempo novo, materialização do velho sonho de um paraíso, agora transposto do Céu para a Terra. A ciência traria a riqueza, o domínio sobre a doença, a vitória sobre a morte.
Projeto de criação de uma empresa no setor agrícola: o caso da Greennuts
Authors: Pereira Luís , Carvalho Pedro
Published: November 2019

O presente projeto consiste num plano de negócio para a Greennuts, uma empresa de produção de bens alimentares que pretende conquistar um lugar no mercado alimentar. Os objetivos do projeto prendem-se com a avaliação económica e financeira do plano de negócio e consequente análise de viabilidade. Para tal, foi efetuado um estudo exaustivo de todas as variáveis que possam afetar o desenvolvimento do projeto. Este estudo foi feito através de uma revisão da literatura de alguns autores, destacando-se os artigos de Martino (2015) e Couceiro (2013). Posteriormente é apresentada uma análise de mercado, um estudo das políticas de implementação do negócio e da conjuntura económica nacional. A partir daqui, foram avaliadas as oportunidades e ameaças para a Greennuts e realçados os seus pontos fortes e fracos para que se possa estudar a integração da empresa na sua envolvência. Com base no levantamento de dados e no respetivo estudo, foi traçada a estratégia de desenvolvimento da Greennuts que contém todo o processo de formulação estratégica, desde a explicação do conceito de negócio, até à definição do melhor caminho para alcançar os objetivos. Finalmente, foi determinado com maior precisão, um conjunto de políticas de implementação do negócio que, assistidas das respetivas estimativas de custos e proveitos, fundamentam a análise de viabilidade económica e financeira realizada, afirmando-o como um projeto viável.
Arqueologia industrial e museologia da mineração do volfrâmio. Uma abordagem introdutória
Authors: Nunes João Paulo Avelãs
Published: November 2019

Depois de explicitar o que se entende pelas noções de "arqueologia industrial" e de "nova museologia", procura demonstrar-se a relevância de ambas enquanto áreas de conhecimento e tecnologias culturais. Caracteriza-se, em seguida, de forma sumária, o universo português da mineração do volfrâmio e defende-se a importância de assegurar a preservação, estudo, revivenciação e análise crítica daquela realidade social global. Propõem-se, para o efeito, diversas estratégias conjugadas: salvaguarda de documentação escrita não-impressa, gráfica e material, recolha de testemunhos orais; criação de estruturas museológicas e dinamização do turismo cultural; recuperação ambiental e revitalização/diversificação económica das zanas mineiras.
A pedagogia – ao longo dos tempos
Authors: Gaspar Helena , Ribeiro Célia
Published: November 2019

O presente trabalho reporta todo um percurso civilizacional ancorado no desenvolvimento do professor. Na sequência deste estudo, foram retratados, numa perspetiva diacrónica, os vários contextos e as correntes educacionais que, em parte, assumem perenidade no pensamento e no agir atual. No entanto, a busca incessante do desenvolvimento da vida social destacou a figura do professor como o principal agente a quem são atribuídos inúmeros e diferentes papéis, progressivamente mais exigentes e complexos, em resultado da evolução da sociedade. Do reverenciado estatuto de transmissor dos saberes, ele ocupa, na atualidade, uma função multifacetada, que lhe exige uma postura de contínuo questionamento e autorreflexão da sua praxis, no sentido de responder da forma mais eficaz ao aspeto basilar que é o sucesso das aprendizagens dos alunos. Neste seguimento, procura-se dar uma visão do que foi a pedagogia ao longo dos tempos, nomeadamente, na antiguidade oriental, clássica e cristã; passando pela idade média, moderna e Iluminismo e, por fim, na idade contemporânea.
The Problem of a National Literary Language in Italy and in China in the 20th Century: Antonio Gramsci, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Lu Xun
Authors: Ha Sha
Published: November 2019

The Italian scholar and political leader Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937) was an active opponent of the dictatorial government ruling his country before the 2nd World War. He was kept in prison for11 years, until his death, by the ruling Fascist Party and during that time he filled over 3,000 pages, writing about Linguistics, History and Philosophy. He was concerned with the duty of Italian progressive intellectuals to create a ‘common literary language’, accessible to the under-privileged Italian people, who until then had been excluded from culture. After the war, during the sixties of last century, a ‘common Italian language’ started developing, through the introduction of the 10-years long compulsory school and the increasing power of mass media: that language was not fit to become the common literary language of the Nation. The writer and movie director Pier Paolo Pasolini (1922-1975), who in his novels gave voice to the sub-urban proletarians of the city of Rome, was highly unsatisfied with the new common language that was in the process of being established in the country. As for China, when the imperial system was abolished by the ‘Xinhai revolution’, in 1911, the belief became increasingly widespread among intellectuals that the rebirth of China had to be based in the global rejection of the Confucian tradition and that the ‘Báihuà’ (people’s language) should be adopted in literature, replacing the ‘Wényán’ (classical language), not accessible to the common people. Lu Xun and his colleagues eventually succeeded in their efforts of establishing the ‘Báihuà’ as the common literary language of China. Purpose of the paper is the comparison between the efforts exerted by these literati in creating a ‘common literary language’ in their respective countries.
Exploring Strategies of Translating Metaphor from English into Arabic with Reference to Scientific Texts
Authors: Ashuja’a Abdulhameed A. , Almatari Sumaiah M. , Alward Ali S.
Published: November 2019

Metaphors play an important role in conveying meaning not only in literary texts but also in scientific genres. Although there have been many translation studies on metaphor in literary texts, studies on metaphor translation in scientific settings seem to have been overlooked and received less attention. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the strategies used in translating scientific metaphors from English to Arabic by Yemeni senior translation students in three universities. This was achieved by using a translation test consisting of (33) metaphors selected from various sources based on Lakoff and Johnsen’s (1980; 2003) classification of metaphor. The test was given to a sample of 91 students who were randomly selected. 72 participants completed the test. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results showed that eight strategies, adapted from Alshunnag (2016), were used. The highly frequent strategy was the literal strategy and the least frequent was the explication strategy. The use of literal strategy indicated the difficulty of finding a metaphorical expression of a different type for the English metaphors in Arabic which might be due to the limited time available for translation and lack of knowledge of the metaphorical structure in both the source and target languages. It was recommended, therefore, that more comparative studies should be done to help improve translation training offered to students who should also be provided with training sessions which are more conducive to learning.
Decolonising Language: Towards a New Feminist Politics of Translation in the Work of Arab Women Writers, Ahlam Mosteghanemi, Nawal al Sadawim, and Assia Djebar
Authors: Baaqeel Nuha Ahmad
Published: November 2019

This paper argues that the Anglophone academy’s relative lack of appraisal of Ahlam Mosteghanemi as an Arab woman writer is not incidental. I assert that, for many Arab women writers, authorship is strategic engagement; in other words, they develop strategies that bring together formal experimentation with the social effectivity of authorship. In an attempt to present fully the aforementioned complexities at hand, this paper compares Mosteghanemi’s work with that of two other eminent women writers from the Arab world: Egyptian women’s rights activist and novelist, Nawal al Sadawi, and Algerian writer and historian, Assia Djebar. This comparative analysis is structured into three sections that take up the questions of the politics of literary form, language and decolonisation, and finally, translation. In the critical reception of their work outside their region, Arab women writers all too frequently find themselves caught up in the dynamics of a hegemonic Eurocentric feminism that already constructs them as new representatives of an Orient, one that further stubbornly refuses to dissolve under the action of rigorous critique. I argue that the underwhelming international reception to Mosteghanemi’s writing serves as a reminder that colonialism remains real, even in a world of independent nations, while decolonisation remains on the theoretical horizon in the postcolonial world. It is these two interrelated points that map the wide field of effectivity that is brought into play in the reception of Mosteghanemi as a writer.
The Relationship between Professional Translators’s Emotional Intelligence and thei̇r Translator Satisfactio
Authors: Çoban Fadime
Published: November 2019

It is a well-known fact that translation studies is an interdisciplinary field of science and interacted by other disciplines such as Linguistics, Literature, Sociology and Philosophy to find answers to translation problems. The relationship between psychology and translation has also become widespread among translation scholars in recent years. In addition to cognitive skills, non-cognitive skills also affect the decisions of translators and the quality of translation in the translation process. Related studies on these concepts are being investigated nowadays. The aim of this study is to examine whether there is any relationship between the emotional intelligence of the professional translators working in the market and their translator satisfaction. For this purpose, a questionnaire study for professional translators was completed and the data were analyzed through SPSS 21.0 program. In the study, 3 different data collection tools such as Individual Information Form, Emotional Intelligence Scale and Translator Satisfaction Scale were used. Relational screening model was also used in the study. Pearson Correlation Analysis was used to determine whether there was any statistically significant relationship between the dimensions and besides regression analysis was performed in order to see the effects of interrelated dimensions. As a result of the analyzes, it was found that there was a statistically significant relationship between both the emotional intelligence and translator satisfaction of professional translators. The same was also found the dimensions of both scales.
Systematic Shifts in Implicatures in Two Arabic Translations of Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms
Authors: Ahmad Abualadas Othman
Published: November 2019

This paper uses a descriptive model to analyze the systematic shifts in implicatures in two Arabic translations of Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms. The findings have shown that translators tend to observe more maxims and flout fewer maxims than the source author does. The findings have revealed an explicitation trend that improves the quality and quantity of information in the translated text. This trend presents the translator as being more cooperative in communication than the original author. It also repositions the target reader as being less cooperative than the source reader, a trend that indicates a more distanced and less involved reader. There is also a tendency to switch to a more euphemistic form, which gives evidence of the special status of the maxim “be polite” in Arabic. The textual analysis suggests that the explicitation of implicatures has nothing to do with the structural differences between the source and target languages, but is rather related to some assumptions that (i) literary translation involves interpretation and re-verbalization of the original semantic and emotional values, (ii) literary translators may assume a lower level of reader participation or productivity and (iii) they opt for explicitation to avoid gambling with the text’s communicability.
Ramping the Future of Translation Studies through Technology-based Translation
Authors: Nurain Mudawe Osama Mudawe
Published: November 2019

Technology has remarkably increased the stipulation for global communication in cross-different cultural settings and diverse linguistics environment. People have experienced tremendous challenges associated with language barriers and constraints. Translation into different languages across the globe has become a necessity to keep these frequent contacts with every corner and maintain mutual understanding among people regardless of the language they speak and the cultural values they keep. The study is an attempt to explore the potentials of Technology-based Translation represented in the three main streams like Machine Translation (MT), Computer-Aided translation (CAT), and Translation Management System (TMS). The potentials of all these distinct genres of Technology-Based Translation are demonstrated through theoretical perspectives and practical framework. Moreover, the ways of accessing and working with these three application interfaces are also precisely explored. The study also focuses on the comparison between Google Translate, as one of the most frequently used types of MT, and human translators in terms of translating an Arabic text into English. In addition, Grammarly, as one of the most popular editing so software, is used as scale-based software to measure the quality of two translated versions associated with Clarity, fluency, and fidelity. The study consolidates the role of technology-based translation as a vibrant driving force in shaping the future of the translation industry worldwide. In spite of these issues, the quality of TMS, MT, and CAT tools remain a complex issue that needs to be investigated in numerous practical researches and studies to determine and identify whether or not the outcomes would be accepted by global translation standards.
Changing the Structure of Paragraphs and Texts in Arabic: A Case from News Reporting
Authors: Ethelb Hamza
Published: November 2019

This study explores the textual alterations of Arabic news structure and how it has been influenced by news texts produced in English. The paper precisely examines sentence, paragraph and text structures in terms of form and content in relation to news translation. It analyses news articles collated from Aljazeera and Al-Arabiya news networks. The collated corpus is translations from English into Arabic by these two media outlets. The analysis showed considerable changes that the form of Arabic textual structures has incurred, especially in the general layout of texts. Although it confirm Hatim’s (1997) text-type categorisation with regard to argumentation in Arabic news texts that Arabic lacks argumentative elements it news content, it exhibited significant shift in internal cohesion, paragraph transitions, and syntactic patterns. These changes could emanate from many other influencing factors, but translation is definitely one.