bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Büyük Selçuklu Sultanı Berkyaruk Dönemi Saltanat Mücadeleleri
Authors: KILINÇÇEKER Özlem
Published: April 2021

Büyük Selçuklu Devleti (1038-1157) Türk Tarihinde önemli role sahiptir. Türk Devlet geleneğine uygun olarak yönetilen Büyük Selçuklu Devleti’nde temeli “Türk Hakimiyet Telakkisi ’ne” dayalı olarak birçok taht mücadelesine rastlanır. Bazen, kötü olaylara sahne olan bu mücadeleler, devlet içerisinde çeşitli problemler ortaya çıkarmıştır. Özellikle, Selçuklu sultanı olan Melikşah’ın ölümünden sonra, şehzadeler arasında başlayan taht mücadeleleriyle, bir “Fetret Devri” yaşanmıştır. Yaşanan bu mücadeleler devletin geleceğinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olmuştur. Bu süreçte, önemli sultanlardan biri Melikşah’ın oğlu Beryaruk’tur. Berkyaruk 1092-1104 yılları arasındaki bu taht mücadelelerinde önemli bir figürdür. Berkyaruk tahtta hak sahibi olan birçok kişi ile savaşmıştır. Berkyaruk’tan sonra Büyük Selçuklu İmparatorlu’ğu dağılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Büyük Selçuklu Devleti’nde taht mücadelelerinin üçüncü dönemi olan Berkyaruk zamanında yaşanan mücadeleler siyasi, ekonomik ve sosyal sebeplere dayalı olarak ele alınmıştır.
Avaliação do consumo de proteínas e lipídios por homens jovens praticantes de musculação com tendência à dismorfia muscular
Authors: Néri Rafael Rocha , Mendes Nicolly Sulz de Oliveira Soares , Silva Ana Luiza Magalhães , Pereira Telma Teixeira
Published: April 2021

A dismorfia muscular (DM), também denominada de vigorexia ou Complexo de Adônis, é uma forma de transtorno dismórfico corporal que acomete principalmente homens adolescentes e jovens que creem que sua estrutura corporal seja muito pequena e insuficientemente musculosa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar, entre praticantes de musculação matriculados em duas academias de ginástica da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, homens jovens com tendência à DM, e avaliar seu consumo diário de proteínas e lipídios. A amostra foi composta de 30 homens de 18 a 45 anos, praticantes de musculação há pelo menos um ano, com frequência mínima de três vezes na semana. Para identificar quais participantes possuíam tendência à DM, foi aplicado o Questionário do Complexo de Adônis. A avaliação do consumo alimentar foi feita mediante a aplicação de recordatório alimentar de 24 horas, no qual foram incluídos os suplementos alimentares ingeridos pelos entrevistados. 63,3% dos participantes apresentaram tendência branda a moderada à DM e 6,7% demonstraram tendência elevada. No que tange ao padrão dietético, 76,2% dos entrevistados com tendência à DM consumiam dietas hiperproteicas e 85,7%, dietas hipolipídicas. Em relação ao consumo de suplementos alimentares, 71,4% dos participantes com tendência ao transtorno faziam uso dessas substâncias, dos quais 46,7% não tinham acompanhamento nutricional. Reforçou-se a importância de os nutricionistas possuírem conhecimento sobre DM para identificar precocemente a tendência de seus pacientes a desenvolverem o transtorno, podendo definir os melhores métodos de abordagem terapêutica nutricional.
Transformação estética do sorriso com acréscimos estratégicos em resina composta: Caso clínico
Authors: Gomes Rebeka Ribeiro , Espíndola-Castro Luís Felipe , Barbosa Priscila Barros Terto , Menezes Filho Paulo Fonseca , Mariz Ana Luísa de Ataíde , Guimarães Renata Pedrosa , Silva Claudio Heliomar Vicente da
Published: April 2021

Diastemas são espaços interdentais maiores que 0,5mm com etiologia multifatorial que podem comprometer a estética do sorriso. Várias formas de tratamento têm sido relatadas na literatura para sua correção, como: ortodontia, cirurgia, uso de laminados cerâmicos ou resinas compostas. Entretanto, a escolha terapêutica está na dependência da identificação de sua etiologia. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar um caso clínico de fechamento de diastemas com resina composta direta, utilizando guia palatina em silicone, pós-tratamento ortodôntico. Inicialmente foi realizado: seleção de cor da resina composta com a superfície dental hidratada; isolamento absoluto do campo operatório; profilaxia com pasta de pedra pomes e água; condicionamento com ácido fosfórico 37% (30 segundos em esmalte); remoção com spray de água/ar pelo dobro do tempo de condicionamento; secagem; aplicação do adesivo universal (duas camadas); fotopolimerização (20 segundos); confecção da concha palatina, modelação do contornos e superfícies em resina composta; remoção do isolamento do campo operatório; ajuste oclusal e polimento. Conclui-se que: 1) A utilização de resinas compostas para o fechamento de diastemas e remodelação dental com aumento incisal representa. uma escolha de custo acessível e pode ser uma alternativa para finalizações ortodônticas, no fechamento de diastemas. 2) O emprego da guia de silicone proporciona maior facilidade para definição de altura; contornos e confecção da parede palatina, minimizando a necessidade de ajustes. 3) A terapêutica empregada é eficaz para o aprimoramento estético do sorriso, sendo uma técnica conservadora, reversível, previsível e que acarretou a satisfação do paciente.
Substituição de restauração de dente fraturado com substrato escurecido: Relato de caso
Authors: Costa Maria Leonor Reis da , Espíndola-Castro Luís Felipe , Menezes Filho Paulo Fonseca , Mariz Ana Luísa de Ataíde , Guimarães Renata Pedrosa , Silva Claudio Heliomar Vicente da
Published: April 2021

Dentes fraturados e escurecidos comprometem a estética do sorriso e podem ser decorrentes de situações de traumatismo dentário, o qual também pode afetar negativamente a oclusão e o desenvolvimento psicossocial do indivíduo. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso clínico de substituição de restauração classe IV em resina composta com uso de guia palatina em silicone em dente fraturado com substrato escurecido. Paciente do gênero feminino, 23 anos buscou atendimento queixando-se de restauração insatisfatória no dente 21. Foi proposta a substituição da restauração e mascaramento do substrato escurecido com resina composta direta. Realizou-se moldagem do arco superior e enceramento diagnóstico para confecção de guia palatina em silicone. Em seguida, procedeu-se com a remoção da restauração antiga; seleção da cor do material restaurador; isolamento absoluto do campo operatório; profilaxia com pasta de pedra pomes e água; condicionamento com ácido fosfórico 35% (30 segundos em esmalte e 15 segundos em dentina); lavagem e secagem do dente; aplicação de duas camadas de adesivo universal e fotopolimerização. Sequencialmente, foi inserida resina composta de alta translucidez na guia palatina, levada em boca, para confecção da concha palatina; construção do corpo opacificado da dentina; definição do contorno e caracterização com resina para esmalte, seguido de acabamento e polimento. O tratamento empregado mostrou-se eficaz para devolução da forma e cor compatíveis com os dentes adjacentes. O emprego da guia de silicone possibilitou bons níveis de adaptação marginal e facilitou a etapa de estratificação do material restaurador.
Realidades aumentada e virtual no ensino de Ciências para alunos com necessidades educacionais específicas em uma escola pública de Barreirinhas-MA
Authors: Sousa Claudiene Cantanhede , Lima Franciane de Castro , Melo Nicolas Oliveira , Ribeiro-Novaes Eville karina Delgado , Teles Ariel Soares
Published: April 2021

O sistema educacional tem tentado atender a todos os estudantes, do menor ao maior, englobando desde pequenas dificuldades no ensino e aprendizagem, até suas possíveis necessidades específicas. Neste contexto, o Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE) é um espaço ofertado aos alunos que apresentam alguma Necessidade Educacional Específica (NEE), de forma complementar ao ensino regular. Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de compreender como as tecnologias de Realidade Aumentada (RA) e Realidade Virtual (RV) podem contribuir no ensino de Ciências para alunos com NEEs com idade entre 7 e 17 anos, do ensino fundamental I e II, que realizam o AEE na Unidade Escolar Roseana Sarney. A pesquisa realizada é do tipo quantitativa-descritiva. Além do objetivo supracitado, pretendemos mensurar quantitativamente aspectos como a atratividade, perspicuidade, eficiência, confiabilidade, estimulação e novidade dos Objetos Digitais de Aprendizagem (ODAS) utilizados. Participaram do experimento os professores do AEE, a gestora da escola, os pais de alunos, e os alunos que realizam esse atendimento. Como resultado, foi possível vivenciar uma experiência muito promissora no que diz respeito ao ensino-aprendizagem no AEE, observou-se que os alunos participantes da pesquisa demonstraram bastante interesse quanto ao uso das tecnologias propostas. Levando-se em consideração o objetivo desta pesquisa, é notório as potencialidades das tecnologias de RA e RV no ensino de Ciências para alunos com NEEs, essas tecnologias foram bem aceitas pelos alunos com NEE. Quanto ao ensino de Ciência, através das tecnologias de RA e RV foi possível que os alunos participassem da aula de modo mais imersivo.
Uso de métodos não farmacológicos de alívio da dor durante o trabalho de parto e sua relação com a redução de ansiedade puerperal em uma maternidade da Rede SUS de Aracaju
Authors: Souza Luana Rocha de , Faria Felipe Silveira de , Almeida Larissa Wábia Santana de , Santos Letícia Andrade , Barreto Manuela Naiane Lima , Leite Débora Cristina Fontes
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho objetiva avaliar o impacto entre o uso de métodos não-farmacológicos de alívio da dor durante o parto e ansiedade puerperal na Maternidade de Risco Habitual, em Aracaju, verificando a frequência do uso destas técnicas e o nível de ansiedade das parturientes. Trata-se de estudo prospectivo, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa com 810 puérperas, de todas as idades, advindas dos 75 municípios do estado de Sergipe que buscaram a maternidade da Rede SUS de Aracaju. De set./2019 a fev./2020, os pesquisadores coletaram dados dos prontuários de puérperas nas primeiras 48 horas após o parto, mediante Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE) ou Termo de Assentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TALE). Avaliou-se se as parturientes utilizaram métodos não farmacológicos de alívio da dor e foram aplicados os questionários IDATE-Traço e IDATE-Estado para aferição de ansiedade nas puérperas. Analisou-se os dados coletados estatisticamente pelo programa Jasp versão 0.12.1. O CEP da Universidade Tiradentes aprovou o trabalho (parecer: 3.695.763). O estudo demonstrou correlação positiva (p-value < 0,05) entre métodos não farmacológicos de alívio de dor e IDATE-TRAÇO (SCORE) e IDATE-ESTADO (SCORE), em que mulheres com maior score para ansiedade não usaram métodos não farmacológicos de alívio da dor. Conclui-se haver relação estatística significativa entre métodos não farmacológicos de alívio da dor e ansiedade puerperal.
Interdisciplinaridade em trabalhos na Conferência Nacional sobre Modelagem na Educação Matemática
Authors: Silva Thaís Ribeiro da , Lima Paloma Silva de , Mirson Bárbara de Paula Motta , Araújo Jussara de Loiola
Published: April 2021

Neste artigo, apresentamos resultados parciais de um estudo do tipo estado da arte que tem por objetivo identificar, descrever e sistematizar o que é denominado interdisciplinaridade e como ela se faz presente em trabalhos publicados nos anais de três edições da Conferência Nacional sobre Modelagem na Educação Matemática (CNMEM), ocorridas, respectivamente, nos anos de 2013, 2015 e 2017. Para melhor compreender essa pesquisa, apresentamos concepções das teorias que a guiam: modelagem matemática e interdisciplinaridade; e descrevemos os critérios utilizados para selecionar os textos analisados. Neste artigo, escolhemos apresentar quatro dos trabalhos eleitos a partir dos procedimentos metodológicos e realizamos suas análises. Do estudo, concluímos que é privilegiado, nos textos analisados, relatar as atividades que se caracterizam como interdisciplinares, em detrimento de discutir teoricamente essa teoria educacional no ensino de matemática
Testing assumptions of nitrogen cycling between a temperate, model coral host and its facultative symbiont: symbiotic contributions to dissolved inorganic nitrogen assimilation
Authors: DiRoberts LE , Dudek A , Ray NE , Fulweiler RW , Rotjan RD
Published: April 2021

Coral symbioses are predicated on the need for mutual nutrient acquisition and translocation between partners. Carbon translocation is well-studied in this classic mutualism, while nitrogen (N) has received comparatively less attention. Quantifying the mechanisms and dynamics of N assimilation is critical to understanding the functional ecology of coral organisms. Given the importance of symbiosis to the coral holobiont, it is important to determine what role photosynthetic symbionts play in N acquisition. We used the facultatively symbiotic temperate coralAstrangia poculataand15N labeling to test the effects of symbiotic state and trophic status on N acquisition. We tracked assimilation of 2 forms of isotopically labeled dissolved inorganic N (DIN: ammonium,15NH4+and nitrate,15NO3-) by fed and starved colonies of both symbiotic and aposymbioticA. poculata.Coral holobiont tissue was subsequently analyzed for δ15N and changes in photosynthetic efficiency. Results suggest that corals acquired the most N from DIN via their symbiontBreviolum psygmophilumand that NH4+is more readily assimilated than NO3-. Photosynthetic efficiency increased with the addition of NH4+, but only for fed, symbiotic treatments. NO3-adversely affected photosynthetic efficiency among starved corals. Our results suggest that symbiosis is advantageous for DIN acquisition, that dysbiosis inhibits corals’ mixotrophic strategy of nutrient acquisition, and that either feeding or symbiosis alone does not fully provide the energetic advantage of both. This study lends support to the emerging hypothesis that symbionts are mutualists in optimal conditions but shift to a parasitic paradigm when resources or energy are scarce.
Study on A-Site Compositional Mixing for the Shear Coating Process of FA-Based Lead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Kim Hansol , Gu Hyewon , Song Minju , Chung Choong-Heui , Oh Yong-Jun , Song Chang Eun , Hong Ki-Ha
Published: April 2021

Halide perovskite solar cells have been attracting tremendous attention as next-generation solar cell materials because of their excellent optical and electrical properties. Formamidinium lead tri-iodide (FAPbI3) exhibits the narrowest band gap among lead iodide perovskites and shows excellent thermal and chemical stability, also. However, the large-area coating of FAPbI3 needed for commercialization has not been successful because of the instability of the black phase of FAPbI3 at ambient temperature. This study presents a compositional engineering direction to control the polymorph of the FAPbI3 thin film for the shear coating processes, without halide mixing. By adopting a hot substrate above 100 oC, our shear coating process can produce the black phase FA-based halide perovskites without halide mixing. We carefully investigate the Cs-FA and MA-FA mixed lead iodide perovskites’ phase stability by combining the study with thin-film fabrication and ab initio calculations. Cs-FA mixing shows promising behaviors for stabilizing α-FAPbI3 (black phase) compared with MA-FA. Stable FA-rich perovskite films cannot be achieved via shear coating processes with MA-FA mixing. Ab initio calculations revealed that Cs-FA mixing is excellent for inhibiting phase decomposition and water incorporation. This study is the first report that FA-based halide perovskite thin films can be made with the shear coating process without MA-Br mixing. We reveal the origin of the stable film formation with Cs-FA mixing, and present future research directions for fabricating FA-based perovskite thin films using shear coating.
Ultraviolet Light-Responsive Photorheological Fluid for Sensors and Actuators Realized by Phosphorescence Effects and LSTM RNN
Authors: Cho Min Young , Timilsina Suman , Roh Jong Wook , Commerell Walter , Shin Ho Geun , Kwon Yong-Nam , Kim Ji Sik
Published: April 2021

A photo-rheological fluid (PRF) is a smart fluid which exhibits different viscosity under UV irradiation. A PRF is comprehensively presented in this work, with particular focus on its responses under UV off/on conditions. The isomeric conversion from SP to MC and vice versa under UV off and on, respectively, showed unequal rates of transformation. As a result, a complex non-linear hysteretic response was observed. To be used indifferent types of sensors and actuators which can exploit its rheological properties, it is essential the PRF have linearized hysteresis behavior. To minimize the asymmetric non-linear hysteresis characteristics under UV on and off conditions, the well-known long-lasting phosphor SAO (SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+) was incorporated. The incorporation of SAO in the PRF improved the linearity of the PRF response, although the conversion rate was not identical under UV off/on conditions. The SAO particles were observed to settle over time due to phase splitting, undermining the usefulness of the SAO-PRF composite. Instead of improving the PRF response by further adjusting the PRF composite, a software approach based on Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Networks (LSTM RNN) was employed to model and compensate the asymmetric non-linear hysteresis response, ensuring the realization of sensors and actuators that exploit PRF as hardware.
On The Legacies of Derrida and Deconstruction Today: An Interview with Jean-Michel Rabaté
Authors: Greaney John
Published: April 2021

In this interview, which took place in Center City in Philadelphia in September 2020, I ask Jean-Michel Rabaté to reflect on his personal and writerly relationship with Jacques Derrida, and to assess the legacies of Derrida and deconstruction across the globe today. In the last five years, Rabaté has published three books (one monograph and two edited volumes) on Derrida: Les Guerres de Derrida (Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 2016), After Derrida (Cambridge University Press, 2018), and Understanding Derrida, Understanding Modernism (Bloomsbury, 2019). In response to this flurry of publications, I ask Rabaté what has prompted his recent and vigorous turn to Derrida and what his intentions were with these books. As we review their organising principles, the central thematic of this discussion is thus concerned with Derrida's relevance to the Humanities and Social Sciences as we enter the third decade of the twenty-first century.
Entrepreneurship in Scotland, 1851–1911
Authors: Smith Harry , Bennett Robert J. , van Lieshout Carry , Montebruno Piero
Published: April 2021

This article uses the British Business Census of Entrepreneurs (BBCE) to examine the history of entrepreneurship in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Scotland. The BBCE identifies every business proprietor listed in the 1851–1901 Scottish censuses, correcting for non-response issues. The BBCE, therefore, allows the whole population of Scottish entrepreneurs to be examined for the first time. These data are combined with a reweighted version of the 1911 Scottish Census report to allow the trends in entrepreneurial numbers and rates to be examined as a whole and broken down by sector and gender. The article also shows how entrepreneurship varied by location. This article offers support for previous work on Scottish entrepreneurship, notably stressing the continued importance of small-scale businesses. It also reveals that female entrepreneurship rates were far higher than previously thought. This article lays the groundwork for future studies of Scottish entrepreneurship using the BBCE data.
‘Men don't do Botox, they do Brotox’ – Emerging Configurations of Masculinity in the Marketing of Cosmetic Treatments Online
Authors: Rasmussen Signe Rom
Published: April 2021

Non-invasive cosmetic treatments are increasingly popular, and the cosmetic skincare industry is currently experiencing growth at a global scale. Men are reported to constitute a growing consumer segment of this emerging market and accordingly, men are being targeted in the marketing of cosmetic skincare clinics (International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 2018). On clinic websites, content is emerging as “especially for men”. This feeds into the contemporary phenomena that men's bodies are increasingly visible through a range of lifestyle industries such as fashion, fitness, tattooing, and grooming ( Bordo 1999 , Gill et al. 2005 , Hakim 2019 ). Men have, in Western culture, traditionally been expected to take on a ‘functional, aloof and distanced’ relationship to their bodies ( Coffey 2016 ). In this article, I explore how masculinity and embodiment are negotiated in the online marketing of men's cosmetic treatments, as the male body is increasingly imagined as susceptible to cosmetic enhancement. Inspired by the somatechnical framework, I analyse the website marketing of three leading Danish cosmetic skincare clinics: Aglaia-klinikken, N'age, and DermoCosmetic. I argue that masculinity here is negotiated and produced as ambiguous, configuring between emergent and hegemonic forms ( Inhorn and Wentzell 2011 ). I draw on relevant theories of masculinity, to show how masculinity is produced as both effeminophobic and hegemonic, as well as inclusive and neoliberal ( Sedgwick 1991 , Connell 1995 , Anderson 2009 , Hakim 2019 ). I continue to argue that masculinity emerges around three prevalent connection points in the marketing: anger, career and the masculine face. I discuss the generative and disciplining trajectories of these configurations and the possibilities of (un)becoming they entail for men, as they continue to engage with these emerging medical technologies of appearance enhancement.
Smallholder farmers’ perceptions of agricultural extension in adoption of new technologies in Kakamega County, Kenya
Authors: Nyairo Newton M. , Pfeiffer Linda J. , Russell Mark
Published: April 2021

This exploratory study assesses factors that harness agricultural technology adoption among smallholder farmers in Kakamega County, Kenya by evaluating the key variables that influence sustainable adoption of agricultural innovations in the area. A survey was randomly administered in June and July 2018 among smallholder farming households in seven sub-counties (N=78) of Kakamega County. A logistic regression model, capturing factors presumed to influence the adoption of agricultural innovations, was estimated. Results suggest that even in smallholder farms, the farm size is important in adoption of innovations. Results also indicate limited or no farmer interaction (55%) with extension services. Farmers reported application of fertilizer and use of push-pull technology as less important in maintaining soil health. The regression model findings suggest that variables typically presumed to influence adoption in the literature are insignificant in this case study. The statistical significance of the farm size variable implies that agricultural extension messages can be tailored to a variety of farmer audiences for suitable adoption based on farm size. The diffusion of innovation theory remains a valid and relevant framework in studying adoption. This study reiterates the critical role that farmers or their environment play in the adoption process.
Timurlularda Rüşvet
Authors: TAŞKIRAN Hasan
Published: April 2021

Meşru olmayan veya kanunsuz yollarla bir iş veya kazanç sağlamak için bir kimseye para veya mal eklinde çıkar sağlamak manasına gelen rüşvet, tarihsel süreç içeresinde birçok toplumda veya devlette görülen önemli bir olgudur. Birçok Türk devletinde görülen rüşvet olayları geniş bir coğrafyaya hükmetmiş olan Timurlu devletinde de yoğun olarak yaşanmıştır. Timurlularda devletin genişlemesi ve büyümesiyle doğru orantılı olan rüşvet hadiseleri daha çok mali bürokrasinin en üst sınıfı olan vezirler arasında yaygındı. Vezirler, haksız yollarla rüşvet alıp veya kanunsuz haraç toplayıp yolsuzluk yapmaktaydılar. Ancak rüşvet alan bürokratlar, öncelikle yargılanıp görevlerinden azledilmekteydiler. Sonra rüşvet ve yolsuzluk suçu kesinleşenler ya öldürülmekteydiler yâda hapse atılmaktaydılar. Bu çalışma, Timurlu devletinde rüşvet ve yolsuzluk yapan bürokratların tespitini yaparak bu eylemlerinin sonucunda almış oldukları cezaları incelemektedir.
Hastanelerde Pasif Yangın Güvenlik Önlemlerinin Ulusal ve Uluslararası Mevzuatlara Göre Karşılaştırılması
Authors: ÇELİK Gülendam , YILDIZ Zehra
Published: April 2021

Hastaneler, çalışan, öğrenci, hasta ve ziyaretçi sayısından dolayı kullanıcı yükü ve yangın yükü fazla olan kurumlardır. Hastanelerde, poliklinikler, derslikler, laboratuarlar, yemekhane, ofisler, mutfak, kazan dairesi, çatı katı, arşiv, elektrik tesisatı ve oksijen sistemleri gibi birçok mekân  tek çatı altında toplandığı için çok tehlikeli işyerleri arasındadır. Bu yüzden hastanelerde yangın büyük bir risk olup, bina tasarımında önemli rol oynayan pasif sistemlere uygun dizayn edilmesi ile yangın riski ortadan kaldırılabilir ya da minimuma indirilebilir. Bu çalışmada, hastanelerde alınan pasif yangın güvenlik önlemleri hem ulusal hem uluslararası yangın güvenlik mevzuatlarına göre değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye yangından korunma yönetmeliği ile Amerika Bileşik Devletleri Standardı ve İngiliz Yapı Standardı gibi uluslararası yangın güvenlik mevzuatlarına göre hastanelerdeki pasif yangın güvenlik önlemleri 14 madde üzerinden karşılaştırılmıştır. Amerika Bileşik Devletleri Standardı olan NFPA yangın güvenlik önlemlerinde tüm maddeler detaylı olarak açıklanmıştır. Ancak diğer iki yönetmelik 14 maddeden sadece dört maddeye yer vermiştir. Hastanelerin alt bölümlerine ait özel hükümler bulunduğu için NFPA uluslararası standardından faydalanılarak ulusal mevzuatımızdaki pasif yangın güvenlik önlemlerindeki eksiklikler giderilirse hastane binalarındaki yangın riski en aza indirilebilecektir.
Medico-Legal awareness amongst periodontal post graduate students in Mumbai and Navi Mumbai” –A Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Shah Rohit , Donde Rutuja , Mitra Dipika , Potdar Priyanka , Kandawalla Shazneen
Published: April 2021

Day by day, there is increase in the patient’s aesthetic and functional demands. Along with this there is also an increase in the patient’s awareness about periodontaltreatment outcomes. Hence, failure to provide adequate information and fulfil expected treatment outcomes, complaint and litigation against the periodontists can be filed. Now days, patients are using legal routes to settle their grievances against doctors; hence, knowledge and awareness of medico-legal aspects amongst periodontists have become utmost important. Aim: To assess the knowledge and awareness about medico-legal aspects amongst periodontal post-graduate students in the region of Mumbai and Navi Mumbai. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted using a specially designed pre-validated questionnaire in a total of 100 participants comprising periodontal post graduate students in the region of Mumbai and Navi Mumbai.The questionnaire consisted of 15 questions on legal requirements, record keeping, periodontal surgeries and implants treatment specific issues and consent. The data was collected, Chi‑square test was applied to individual questions, analysed, and results were formulated. Results: This survey suggested that there is inadequate awareness regarding medico-legal issues among periodontal postgraduate students. Conclusion: There is an urgent need to conduct more medico-legal awareness programmes and educate our budding specialists and all periodontalcommunity regarding the same. Regulatory bodies like the Dental Council of India (DCI) and associations like the Indian Society of Periodontology (ISP), Indian Society of Oral Implantologists (ISOI)should also formulate standard guidelines/protocol on managing periodontal surgeries and implant patients to help protect against unnecessary litigations against periodontal community. Key Words: medico-legal, litigation, awareness, periodontal surgeries, jurisprudence.
Spatio-Temporal Inversion Using the Selection Kalman Model
Authors: Conjard Maxime , Omre Henning
Published: April 2021

Data assimilation in models representing spatio-temporal phenomena poses a challenge, particularly if the spatial histogram of the variable appears with multiple modes. The traditional Kalman model is based on a Gaussian initial distribution and Gauss-linear forward and observation models. This model is contained in the class of Gaussian distribution and is therefore analytically tractable. It is however unsuitable for representing multimodality. We define the selection Kalman model that is based on a selection-Gaussian initial distribution and Gauss-linear forward and observation models. The selection-Gaussian distribution can be seen as a generalization of the Gaussian distribution and may represent multimodality, skewness and peakedness. This selection Kalman model is contained in the class of selection-Gaussian distributions and therefore it is analytically tractable. An efficient recursive algorithm for assessing the selection Kalman model is specified. The synthetic case study of spatio-temporal inversion of an initial state, inspired by pollution monitoring, suggests that the use of the selection Kalman model offers significant improvements compared to the traditional Kalman model when reconstructing discontinuous initial states.
Pupillary Response to Postural Demand in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Kahya Melike , Lyons Kelly E. , Pahwa Rajesh , Akinwuntan Abiodun E. , He Jianghua , Devos Hannes
Published: April 2021

Background:Individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) may need to spend more mental and physical effort (i.e., cognitive workload) to maintain postural control. Pupillary response reflects cognitive workload during postural control tasks in healthy controls but has not been investigated as a measure of postural demand in PD.

Objectives:To compare pupillary response during increased postural demand using vision occlusion and dual tasking between individuals with PD and healthy controls.

Methods:Thirty-three individuals with PD and thirty-five healthy controls were recruited. The four conditions lasted 60 s and involved single balance task with eyes open; single balance task with eyes occluded; dual task with eyes open; dual task with eyes occluded. The dual task comprised the Auditory Stroop test. Pupillary response was recorded using an eye tracker. The balance was assessed by using a force plate. Two-way Repeated Measures ANOVA and LSDpost-hoctests were employed to compare pupillary response and Center of Pressure (CoP) displacement across the four conditions and between individuals with PD and healthy controls.

Results:Pupillary response was higher in individuals with PD compared to healthy controls (p= 0.009) and increased with more challenging postural conditions in both groups (p< 0.001). Thepost-hocanalysis demonstrated increased pupillary response in the single balance eyes occluded (p< 0.001), dual task eyes open (p= 0.01), and dual task eyes occluded (p< 0.001) conditions compared to single task eyes open condition.

Conclusion:Overall, the PD group had increased pupillary response with increased postural demand compared to the healthy controls. In the future, pupillary response can be a potential tool to understand the neurophysiological underpinnings of falls risk in the PD population.
Mimicking the Hierarchical Organization of Natural Collagen: Toward the Development of Ideal Scaffolding Material for Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Salvatore Luca , Gallo Nunzia , Natali Maria Lucia , Terzi Alberta , Sannino Alessandro , Madaghiele Marta
Published: April 2021

Biological materials found in living organisms, many of which are proteins, feature a complex hierarchical organization. Type I collagen, a fibrous structural protein ubiquitous in the mammalian body, provides a striking example of such a hierarchical material, with peculiar architectural features ranging from the amino acid sequence at the nanoscale (primary structure) up to the assembly of fibrils (quaternary structure) and fibers, with lengths of the order of microns. Collagen plays a dominant role in maintaining the biological and structural integrity of various tissues and organs, such as bone, skin, tendons, blood vessels, and cartilage. Thus, “artificial” collagen-based fibrous assemblies, endowed with appropriate structural properties, represent ideal substrates for the development of devices for tissue engineering applications. In recent years, with the ultimate goal of developing three-dimensional scaffolds with optimal bioactivity able to promote both regeneration and functional recovery of a damaged tissue, numerous studies focused on the capability to finely modulate the scaffold architecture at the microscale and the nanoscale in order to closely mimic the hierarchical features of the extracellular matrix and, in particular, the natural patterning of collagen. All of these studies clearly show that the accurate characterization of the collagen structure at the submolecular and supramolecular levels is pivotal to the understanding of the relationships between the nanostructural/microstructural properties of the fabricated scaffold and its macroscopic performance. Several studies also demonstrate that the selected processing, including any crosslinking and/or sterilization treatments, can strongly affect the architecture of collagen at various length scales. The aim of this review is to highlight the most recent findings on the development of collagen-based scaffolds with optimized properties for tissue engineering. The optimization of the scaffolds is particularly related to the modulation of the collagen architecture, which, in turn, impacts on the achieved bioactivity.
Biomembrane Structure and Material Properties Studied With Neutron Scattering
Authors: Kinnun Jacob J. , Scott Haden L. , Ashkar Rana , Katsaras John
Published: April 2021

Cell membranes and their associated structures are dynamical supramolecular structures where different physiological processes take place. Detailed knowledge of their static and dynamic structures is therefore needed, to better understand membrane biology. The structure–function relationship is a basic tenet in biology and has been pursued using a range of different experimental approaches. In this review, we will discuss one approach, namely the use of neutron scattering techniques as applied, primarily, to model membrane systems composed of lipid bilayers. An advantage of neutron scattering, compared to other scattering techniques, is the differential sensitivity of neutrons to isotopes of hydrogen and, as a result, the relative ease of altering sample contrast by substituting protium for deuterium. This property makes neutrons an ideal probe for the study of hydrogen-rich materials, such as biomembranes. In this review article, we describe isotopic labeling studies of model and viable membranes, and discuss novel applications of neutron contrast variation in order to gain unique insights into the structure, dynamics, and molecular interactions of biological membranes. We specifically focus on how small-angle neutron scattering data is modeled using different contrast data and molecular dynamics simulations. We also briefly discuss neutron reflectometry and present a few recent advances that have taken place in neutron spin echo spectroscopy studies and the unique membrane mechanical data that can be derived from them, primarily due to new models used to fit the data.
Gut Microbiota Mediates the Preventive Effects of Dietary Capsaicin Against Depression-Like Behavior Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Mice
Authors: Xia Jing , Gu Li , Guo Yitong , Feng Hongyan , Chen Shuhan , Jurat Jessore , Fu Wenjing , Zhang Dongfang
Published: April 2021

Capsaicin (CAP) is an active ingredient in chili pepper that is frequently consumed. It exerts various pharmacological activities, and also has potential effects on mental illness. However, its mechanism of antidepressant effects is still unclear. Based on the emerging perspective of the gut-brain axis, we investigated the effects of dietary CAP on gut microbes in mice with depression-like behaviors induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). C57BL/6J male mice (four weeks old) were given specific feed (standard laboratory chow or laboratory chow plus 0.005% CAP) for 4 months. During the last five days, LPS (0.052/0.104/0.208/0.415/0.83 mg/kg, 5-day) was injected intraperitoneally to induce depression. Behavioral indicators and serum parameters were measured, and gut microbiota were identified by sequencing analysis of the 16S gene. This study showed that dietary CAP improved depressive-like behavior (sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, tail suspension test) and levels of 5-HT and TNF-α in serum of LPS-induced mice with depression-like behaviors. In addition, CAP could recover abnormal changes in depression-related microbiota. Especially at the genus level, CAP enhanced the variations in relative abundance of certain pivotal microorganisms like Ruminococcus, Prevotella, Allobaculum, Sutterella, and Oscillospira. Correlation analysis revealed changes in microbiota composition that was closely related to depressive behavior, 5-HT and TNF-α levels. These results suggested that dietary CAP can regulate the structure and number of gut microbiota and play a major role in the prevention of depression.
Times Associated With Source-to-Sink Propagation of Environmental Signals During Landscape Transience
Authors: Tofelde Stefanie , Bernhardt Anne , Guerit Laure , Romans Brian W.
Published: April 2021

Sediment archives in the terrestrial and marine realm are regularly analyzed to infer changes in climate, tectonic, or anthropogenic boundary conditions of the past. However, contradictory observations have been made regarding whether short period events are faithfully preserved in stratigraphic archives; for instance, in marine sediments offshore large river systems. On the one hand, short period events are hypothesized to be non-detectable in the signature of terrestrially derived sediments due to buffering during sediment transport along large river systems. On the other hand, several studies have detected signals of short period events in marine records offshore large river systems. We propose that this apparent discrepancy is related to the lack of a differentiation between different types of signals and the lack of distinction between river response times and signal propagation times. In this review, we (1) expand the definition of the term ‘signal’ and group signals in sub-categories related to hydraulic grain size characteristics, (2) clarify the different types of ‘times’ and suggest a precise and consistent terminology for future use, and (3) compile and discuss factors influencing the times of signal transfer along sediment routing systems and how those times vary with hydraulic grain size characteristics. Unraveling different types of signals and distinctive time periods related to signal propagation addresses the discrepancies mentioned above and allows a more comprehensive exploration of event preservation in stratigraphy – a prerequisite for reliable environmental reconstructions from terrestrially derived sedimentary records.
Assessment of Landslide Hazard in Jiangxi Using Geo-information Technology
Authors: Ou Penghui , Wu Weicheng , Qin Yaozu , Zhou Xiaoting , Huangfu Wenchao , Zhang Yang , Xie Lifeng , Huang Xiaolan , Fu Xiao , Li Jie , Jiang Jingheng , Zhang Ming , Liu Yixuan , Peng Shanling , Shao Chongjian , Bai Yonghui , Zhang Xiaofeng , Liu Xiangtong , Liu Wenheng
Published: April 2021

Landslides constitute a severe environmental problem in Jiangxi, China. This research was aimed at conducting landslide hazard assessment to provide technical support for disaster reduction and prevention action in the province. Fourteen geo-environmental factors, e.g., slope, elevation, road, river, fault, lithology, rainfall, and land cover types, were selected for this study. A test was made in two cases: (1) only based on the main linear features, e.g., main rivers and roads, and (2) with detailed complete linear features including all levels of roads and rivers. After buffering of the linear features, an information value (IV) analysis was applied to quantify the distribution of the observed landslides for each subset of the 14 factors. The results were inputted into the binary logistic regression model (LRM) for landslide risk modeling, taking the known landslide points as a training set (70% of the total 9,525 points). The calculated probability of a landslide was further classified into five grades with an interval of 0.2 for hazard mapping: very high (3.70%), high (4.05%), moderate (18.72%), low (27.17%), and stable zones (46.36%). The accuracy was evaluated by AUC [the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve] vs. the validation set (30%, the remaining landslides). The final results show that with increasing the completeness of the linear features, the modeling reliability also significantly increased. We hence concluded that the tested methodology is capable of achieving the landslide hazard prediction at regional scale, and the results may provide technical support for geohazard reduction and prevention in the studied province.
Vocabulary Assessment With Tablets in Grade 1: Examining Effects of Individual and Contextual Factors and Psychometric Qualities
Authors: Dujardin Emilie , Ecalle Jean , Auphan Pauline , Gomes Christophe , Cros Laurent , Magnan Annie
Published: April 2021

A tablet application was designed to assess children’s receptive vocabulary in French using a classical four-choice picture paradigm and 240 words which varied in word frequency. Results showed (1) an effect of socio-demographic zone, with lower correct response scores and longer reaction times for children in disadvantaged areas, (2) an effect of word frequency, with higher correct response scores and shorter reaction times for frequent words than for rare words, and (3) an effect of age and gender on correct responses in favor of girls and older children. More interestingly, an interaction effect on correct responses revealed that for rare words, the difference between girls and boys was higher, again in favor of girls, in the normal socio-demographic zones. We used an Item Response Theory analysis to examine the psychometric qualities of each item. This then allowed us to select two shortened equivalent versions of the test which were very closely matched to certain psychometric properties. In the same way as other reading-related skills assessed using new technologies (computer or tablet), receptive vocabulary with its two parameters of speed and accuracy can be integrated as an important component of reading ability.
Outcome of Patients With Metastatic Lung Neuroendocrine Tumors Submitted to First Line Monotherapy With Somatostatin Analogs
Authors: Lenotti Elisa , Alberti Andrea , Spada Francesca , Amoroso Vito , Maisonneuve Patrick , Grisanti Salvatore , Baggi Alice , Bianchi Susanna , Fazio Nicola , Berruti Alfredo
Published: April 2021

Objective

Antiproliferative activity of somatostatin analogs (SSAs) has been demonstrated in digestive neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), but few data have been published in patients with pulmonary NETs. We therefore conducted a retrospective study to provide additional data on the outcome of patients with metastatic lung NETs submitted to front line SSAs.

Research Design and Methods

Patients with metastatic lung NET treated with first line SSA-monotherapy (octreotide or lanreotide) in two different reference Institutions were reviewed. Outcome measures were progression-free survival (PFS) overall survival (OS), overall response rate and safety. We also explored prognostic factors associated with PFS.

Methods

The outcome of consecutive patients (pts) with metastatic lung NETs, who underwent first-line treatment with SSAs, recruited from 2014 on 2019 in two Italian reference Institutions, was retrospectively evaluated.

Results

Thirty-one patients entered the study: 14 (45.2%) with typical and 17 (54.8%) atypical carcinoid. Six patients (19.4%) had a carcinoid syndrome. 60.0% of patients had Ki-67 ≤ 10%. Two (6.5%) patients obtained a partial response, 24 (77.4%) disease stabilization while 5 (16.1%) had progressive disease. Median progression free survival (PFS) was 28.6 months, median overall survival (OS) was not attained. Ki-67 ≤ 10%, typical carcinoid histotype and non-functioning disease, were associated with a non-significant PFS prolongation. PFS in patients with atypical carcinoids and in those with Ki-67 >10% was greater than 19 months.

Conclusions

The long PFS and OS obtained in this case series suggest that SSAs could be effective as first line approach in the management of patients with progressive, metastatic pulmonary NET.
A de novo Full-Length mRNA Transcriptome Generated From Hybrid-Corrected PacBio Long-Reads Improves the Transcript Annotation and Identifies Thousands of Novel Splice Variants in Atlantic Salmon
Authors: Ramberg Sigmund , Høyheim Bjørn , Østbye Tone-Kari Knutsdatter , Andreassen Rune
Published: April 2021

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a major species produced in world aquaculture and an important vertebrate model organism for studying the process of rediploidization following whole genome duplication events (Ss4R, 80 mya). The current Salmo salar transcriptome is largely generated from genome sequence based in silico predictions supported by ESTs and short-read sequencing data. However, recent progress in long-read sequencing technologies now allows for full-length transcript sequencing from single RNA-molecules. This study provides a de novo full-length mRNA transcriptome from liver, head-kidney and gill materials. A pipeline was developed based on Iso-seq sequencing of long-reads on the PacBio platform (HQ reads) followed by error-correction of the HQ reads by short-reads from the Illumina platform. The pipeline successfully processed more than 1.5 million long-reads and more than 900 million short-reads into error-corrected HQ reads. A surprisingly high percentage (32%) represented expressed interspersed repeats, while the remaining were processed into 71 461 full-length mRNAs from 23 071 loci. Each transcript was supported by several single-molecule long-read sequences and at least three short-reads, assuring a high sequence accuracy. On average, each gene was represented by three isoforms. Comparisons to the current Atlantic salmon transcripts in the RefSeq database showed that the long-read transcriptome validated 25% of all known transcripts, while the remaining full-length transcripts were novel isoforms, but few were transcripts from novel genes. A comparison to the current genome assembly indicates that the long-read transcriptome may aid in improving transcript annotation as well as provide long-read linkage information useful for improving the genome assembly. More than 80% of transcripts were assigned GO terms and thousands of transcripts were from genes or splice-variants expressed in an organ-specific manner demonstrating that hybrid error-corrected long-read transcriptomes may be applied to study genes and splice-variants expressed in certain organs or conditions (e.g., challenge materials). In conclusion, this is the single largest contribution of full-length mRNAs in Atlantic salmon. The results will be of great value to salmon genomics research, and the pipeline outlined may be applied to generate additional de novo transcriptomes in Atlantic Salmon or applied for similar projects in other species.