bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação do uso de lâmpadas LED: Estudo de caso em um Serviço de Nutrição e Dietética em Natal – RN
Authors: Franco Juliana Bianca Maia , Barreto Laís Karla da Silva , Oliveira Hilderline Câmara de , Pereira Tarciara Magley da Fonseca , Azevedo Ismael de Mendonça , Silva Fábio da , Oliveira Heitor César Costa , Matos Luana Araújo
Published: July 2021

A estudo referiu-se de um estudo de caso, com a mira de discernir os prováveis resultados ecossistêmicos com a transferência de luminárias fluorescentes por luminárias LED na Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, a manar do dimensionamento comparativo das fontes de luminárias. Para instruir a coleta de dados, foi feita uma inspeção a unidade de alimentação, em que em todo espaço foi feita a descrição de luminárias que havia trabalhando e marca a extensão do clima. Diante dos benefícios, percebeu-se que a desigualdade do LED em analogia com luminárias fluorescentes compactas é o inferior fluxo luminoso difundido, que é perto da metade do fluxo luminoso difundido comumente por luminárias fluorescentes. Os benefícios das luminárias LED são seu parcel impacto ecossistêmico e sua enorme vitalidade profícuo. Não obstante, para que isso transcorra, devem ser instalados condições diminutos para a estirpe de luminosidade do LED. Porque embora do evento de que os excelentes artefatos respeitam às utilidades visuais humanas, isto não é considerado no comércio como um completamente. Dessa forma, pôde-se argumentar que as habilidades luminosas apresentadas pelos LEDs são imediatas às trombadas para luminárias fluorescentes compactas. A transferência de um artefato por outro, torna fundamental a diagnóstico caso a caso. É iminente descobrir habilidades para LED inferior dos economias médios achados para fluorescentes compactas, o que não concede que se confirme que o LED é impreterivelmente realmente mais eficaz.
O enorme custo da obesidade para a saúde pública brasileira: Uma breve revisão de literatura
Authors: Figueiredo Bárbara Queiroz de , Souto Bárbara Oliveira Vasconcelos , Nogueira Caio Flávio Reis , Silva Iorrane Tavares da , Bernardes Letícia Beatriz Rodrigues , Peres Maria Luísa Alves , Oliveira Rúbia Carla
Published: July 2021

Introdução: a obesidade, doença crônica não transmissível (DCNT) considerada a mais importante desordem nutricional nos países em desenvolvimento e desenvolvidos, devido ao aumento de sua incidência, constitui-se como uma patologia que se associa, frequentemente, devido seu alto fator de risco, à possibilidade de corroborar outras comorbidades metabólicas e sistêmicas, como a hipertensão primária, diabetes mellitus e hipotireoidismo. Objetivo: relacionar a obesidade com outras comorbidades, bem como o custo dessa doença para a saúde pública do Brasil.  Metodologia: trata-se de uma breve revisão de literatura. A pesquisa foi realizada através do acesso online nas bases de dados National Library of Medicine (PubMed MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Google Scholar, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e EBSCO Information Services, nos meses de abril a junho de 2021. Resultados: condições crônicas, como doença renal, osteoartrose, câncer, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, apneia do sono, doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica, hipertensão arterial sistólica (HAS) e, mais importante, a doença arterial coronariana, estão diretamente relacionadas com incapacidade funcional e com a obesidade Conclusão: é notório que a fisiopatologia da obesidade corrobora comorbidades posteriores, como a HAS, diabetes mellitus, distúrbios tireoidianos e dislipidemias. Aliado a isso, as DCNTs representam uma grande carga para o sistema público de saúde do Brasil, haja vista que são uma das principais causas de morte e de adoecimento da população, e, nesse sentido, devido seus efeitos negativos diretos na saúde, somados aos efeitos indiretos resultantes de doenças crônicas associadas, a obesidade representa uma carga dupla para os sistemas de saúde.
Caracterização e perspectivas de gestantes em um serviço especializado de pré-natal
Authors: Alvarenga Laiane Cristine Silva , Santos Alessandra Carvalho dos , Freitas Patrícia Scotini , Assunção Munyra Rocha Silva , Silveira-Monteiro Cristiane Aparecida
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: avaliar a perspectiva da gestante com relação à gestação e ao serviço de saúde especializado de pré-natal em uma cidade de Minas Gerais, bem como caracterizar o perfil e expectativas das gestantes atendidas. Método: estudo descritivo, quali-quantitativo que aconteceu em um serviço de assistência especializada. Os dados foram analisados a partir da estatística descritiva e Análise de Conteúdo (Bardin). Resultados: participaram 41 gestantes, sendo quatro (9,8%) menores de 18 anos, três (7,3%) acima dos 35; 13 (31,7%) com hipertensão. A escolaridade apresentou associação com a participação de atividades educativas no pré-natal (c2(3)=6,258; p=0,100; V de Cramer=0,391) e o número de dependentes e o mês de início das consultas (ρ=0,356;p=0,031). As categorias foram: “Acolhimento, Segurança e Proteção”, “Insegurança, Medo e Decepção”; “Indiferença” e “Expectativas”. Conclusão: a percepção das gestantes mostra lacunas no cuidado, bem como crenças que podem interferir no acompanhamento gestacional, sendo necessário acolhimento e acompanhamento efetivo.
Processo de Gestão: Uma proposta de modelo para estratégia nas empresas na busca por obtenção de vantagem competitiva organizacional
Authors: Morais Marcos de Oliveira , Vidigal Hernani
Published: July 2021

O processo inovativo passa a ser essencial para as organizações, pois, agrega valor a produtos, processos e serviços mantendo a empresa no mercado e gerando vantagem competitiva, ciente disso as empresas buscam gerir cada vez mais novas ideias. Nesse contexto, a geração e gestão de ideias torna-se um fator necessário para o fomento da gestão organizacional em meio as altas competitividades e mercados cada vez mais acirrados. Este artigo objetiva apresentar o desenvolvimento de um modelo para a ampliação da vantagem competitiva organizacional que possibilite auxiliar e agregar valor as decisões nas organizações. Foi utilizada metodologia de referências bibliográficas em face a nova proposta. Foram utilizados também elementos gerenciais já existentes para dar base a esta nova proposta. A busca por inserção de novas ferramentas gerenciais passa a ser de extrema relevância no crescimento organizacional independentemente da organização a ser estudada ou aplicada, onde a busca pelo crescimento das pessoas envolvidas também deve ser levado em consideração estimulando as questões socio-ambientais.
De Radio 80 a M80 Radio: 36 años de metamorfosis sonora (1982-2018)
Authors: Wert Moreno José Ignacio , Legorburu Hortelano José María
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo recorrer la historia de Radio 80, una emisora generalista en sus orígenes, pero que, a lo largo de sus casi cuatro décadas de existencia, experimentó diferentes y muy notables transformaciones, convirtiéndose en una radio musical de gran popularidad como Radio 80 Serie Oro, primero; y como M80, más tarde, hasta dejar paso a LOS40 Classic. Aunque no es posible comprender los últimos cincuenta años de historia de la radio española sin hacer referencia a esta cadena, apenas ha sido estudiada. Con este objeto, se ha realizado una investigación cualitativa, recolectando información valiosa de fuentes primarias mediante entrevistas en profundidad a destacados directivos de la emisora en los momentos clave de su historia. Como resultado, se ha podido trazar con precisión su recorrido histórico, conocer las razones de su constante metamorfosis y analizar cómo cada transmutación fue influyendo en sus resultados de audiencia.
comunicación digital de Médicos Sin Fronteras en España durante la crisis de la COVID-19
Authors: Rubio-Pinilla Paula , Candón-Mena Jose
Published: July 2021

Este artículo analiza la comunicación digital de Médicos Sin Fronteras durante su intervención en España a causa de la emergencia provocada por la COVID-19. Mediante un análisis de contenido de los mensajes publicados en su página web, los correos enviados a sus socios y sus publicaciones en Facebook y Twitter, categorizamos las temáticas, objetivos, enfoques informativos o emocionales, el emisor o el formato de una muestra de 58 mensajes. De forma complementaria, consideramos la intensidad, la dirección positiva o negativa o los términos más frecuentemente utilizados. Concluimos señalando cómo MSF ha enfocado su comunicación durante la crisis en explicar al público su intervención en España como forma de reforzar su imagen y sus atributos como una entidad especializada en la atención sanitaria en situaciones de emergencia. La inédita intervención en España ha servido a MSF para rendir cuentas a sus públicos mostrando la forma en la que habitualmente actúa en otros países.
The Nicolas criterion for the Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: July 2021

For every prime number $p_{n}$, we define the sequence $X_{n} = \prod_{q \leq p_{n}} \frac{q}{q-1} - e^{\gamma} \times \log \theta(p_{n})$, where $\theta(x)$ is the Chebyshev function and $\gamma \approx 0.57721$ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant. The Nicolas theorem states that the Riemann hypothesis is true if and only if the $X_{n} > 0$ holds for all prime $p_{n} > 2$. For every prime number $p_{k}$, $X_{k} > 0$ is called the Nicolas inequality. We show if the sequence $X_{n}$ is strictly decreasing for $n$ big enough, then the Riemann hypothesis must be true. For every prime number $p_{n} > 2$, we define the sequence $Y_{n} = \frac{e^{\frac{1}{2 \times \log(p_{n})}}}{(1 - \frac{1}{\log(p_{n})})}$ and show that $Y_{n}$ is strictly decreasing for $p_{n} > 2$. Finally, for all prime $p_{n} > 286$, we demonstrate that the inequality $X_{n} < e^{\gamma} \times \log Y_{n}$ is always satisfied.
SMART LABEL: A NEW PARADIGM FOR THE APPAREL INDUSTRY
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department Of Apparel Manufacturing Management & Technology, Shanto-Mariam University Of Creative Technology, Bangladesh., KABIR REASHAD BIN
Published: July 2021

Modern era is encircled by technological development. Conventional label which is a common item in apparel industry need to be replaced by smart one. In this paper several types of smart label is introduced, that are adapted in recent time. Some of the labels that are conferred here still are in emerging phase and their uses are still limited to apparel or clothing items.
Instant in-situ Tissue Repair by Biodegradable PLA/Gelatin Nanofibrous Membrane Using a 3D Printed Handheld Electrospinning Device
Authors: Chen Hongrang , Zhang Haitao , Shen Yun , Dai Xingliang , Wang Xuanzhi , Deng Kunxue , Long Xiaoyan , Liu Libiao , Zhang Xinzhi , Li Yongsheng , Xu Tao
Published: July 2021

Background: This study aims to design a 3D printed handheld electrospinning device and evaluate its effect on the rapid repair of mouse skin wounds.

Methods: The device was developed by Solidworks and printed by Object 350 photosensitive resin printer. The polylactic acid (PLA)/gelatin blend was used as the raw material to fabricate in-situ degradable nanofiber scaffolds. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and water vapor permeability test were used to evaluate the material properties of the scaffolds; cytotoxicity test was performed to evaluate material/residual solvent toxicity, and in situ tissue repair experiments in Balb/c mouse were performed.

Results: The 3D printed handheld electrospinning device successfully fabricates PLA/gelatin nanofibrous membrane with uniformly layered nanofibers and good biocompatibility. Animal experiments showed that the mice in the experimental group had complete skin repair.

Conclusions: The 3D printed handheld device can achieve in situ repair of full-thickness defects in mouse skin.
Designing Modular Cell-free Systems for Tunable Biotransformation of l-phenylalanine to Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Yang Chen , Liu Yushi , Liu Wan-Qiu , Wu Changzhu , Li Jian
Published: July 2021

Cell-free systems have been used to synthesize chemicals by reconstitution of in vitro expressed enzymes. However, coexpression of multiple enzymes to reconstitute long enzymatic pathways is often problematic due to resource limitation/competition (e.g., energy) in the one-pot cell-free reactions. To address this limitation, here we aim to design a modular, cell-free platform to construct long biosynthetic pathways for tunable synthesis of value-added aromatic compounds, using (S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol ((S)-PED) and 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) as models. Initially, all enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathways were individually expressed by an E. coli-based cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) system and their catalytic activities were confirmed. Then, three sets of enzymes were coexpressed in three cell-free modules and each with the ability to complete a partial pathway. Finally, the full biosynthetic pathways were reconstituted by mixing two related modules to synthesize (S)-PED and 2-PE, respectively. After optimization, the final conversion rates for (S)-PED and 2-PE reached 100 and 82.5%, respectively, based on the starting substrate of l-phenylalanine. We anticipate that the modular cell-free approach will make a possible efficient and high-yielding biosynthesis of value-added chemicals.
Junctional Adhesion Molecule 3 Expression in the Mouse Airway Epithelium Is Linked to Multiciliated Cells
Authors: Mateos-Quiros Clara Maria , Garrido-Jimenez Sergio , Álvarez-Hernán Guadalupe , Diaz-Chamorro Selene , Barrera-Lopez Juan Francisco , Francisco-Morcillo Javier , Roman Angel Carlos , Centeno Francisco , Carvajal-Gonzalez Jose Maria
Published: July 2021

Tight-junction (TJ) proteins are essential for establishing the barrier function between neighbor epithelial cells, but also for recognition of pathogens or cell migration. Establishing the expression pattern and localization of different TJ proteins will help to understand the development and physiology of the airway. Here we identify that the junctional adhesion molecule 3 (Jam3) expression is restricted to multiciliated cells (MCCs) in the airway epithelium. In vitro, Jam3 expression varies along airway basal stem cell (BSC) differentiation and upon DAPT treatment or IL6 exposure. However, Jam3 is not required for BSC differentiation to specific cell types. In addition, we found that MCC lacking Jam3 display normal cilia morphology and cilia beating frequency with a delay in BB assembly/positioning in MCCs during differentiation. Remarkably, Jam3 in MCC is mostly localized to subapical organelles, which are negative for the apical recycling endosome marker Rab11 and positive for EEA1. Our data show that Jam3 expression is connected to mature MCC in the airway epithelium and suggest a Jam3 role unrelated to its known barrier function.
CircGNG4 Promotes the Progression of Prostate Cancer by Sponging miR-223 to Enhance EYA3/c-myc Expression
Authors: Xu Shengxian , Lian Zhenpeng , Zhang Siyang , Xu Yong , Zhang Hongtuan
Published: July 2021

Patients diagnosed with prostate cancer often have a poor prognosis and limited treatment options, as the specific pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA that interacts with microRNA (miRNA/miR) and transcription factors to regulate gene expression. However, little is known about specific circRNAs that serve roles in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. Findings of the present study confirmed that circRNA G protein subunit γ 4 (circGNG4) was upregulated in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of circGNG4 inhibited the malignant behavior of prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, bioinformatics were used to predict targeting interactions between circGNG4 or miR-223 and EYA transcriptional coactivator and phosphatase 3 (EYA3)/c-Myc mRNA. miR-223 inhibited the malignant behavior of prostate cancer cells, while EYA3/c-Myc had the opposite effect. circGNG4 enhanced the expression of EYA3/c-Myc by sponging miR-223 to promote the growth of prostate cancer tumors in vivo. In conclusion, the circGNG4/miR-223/EYA3/c-Myc regulatory pathway promoted the malignant progression of prostate cancer. The results of the present study may provide potential new targets for the diagnosis or treatment of prostate cancer.
Probing Synergistic Targets by Natural Compounds for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Gao Jian , Yin Zuojing , Wu Zhuanbin , Sheng Zhen , Ma Chao , Chen Rui , Zhang Xiongwen , Tang Kailin , Fei Jian , Cao Zhiwei
Published: July 2021

Background

Designing combination drugs for malignant cancers has been restricted due to the scarcity of synergy-medicated targets, while some natural compounds have demonstrated potential to enhance anticancer effects.

Methods

We here explored the feasibility of probing synergy-mediated targets by Berberine (BER) and Evodiamine (EVO) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Using the genomics-derived HCC signaling networks of compound treatment, NF-κB and c-JUN were inferred as key responding elements with transcriptional activity coinhibited during the synergistic cytotoxicity induction in BEL-7402 cells. Then, selective coinhibitors of NF-κB and c-JUN were tested demonstrating similar synergistic antiproliferation activity.

Results

Consistent with in vivo experiments of zebrafish, coinhibitors were found to significantly reduce tumor growth by 79% and metastasis by 96% compared to blank control, accompanied by anti-angiogenic activity. In an analysis of 365 HCC individuals, the low expression group showed significantly lower malignancies and better prognosis, with the median survival time increased from 67 to 213%, compared to the rest of the groups.

Conclusion

Together, NF-κB and c-JUN were identified as promising synergistic inducers in developing anti-HCC therapies. Also, our method may provide a feasible strategy to explore new targeting space from natural compounds, opening opportunities for the rational design of combinational formulations in combatting malignant cancers.
Light Management With Grating Structures in Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Gong , Zhang Yang , Sun Xiang-Chao , Yu Yu , Lian Yudong
Published: July 2021

Ordered and patterned micro/nanostructure arrays have emerged as powerful platforms for optoelectronic devices due to their unique ordered-dependent optical properties. Among various structures, grating structure is widely applied because of its simple fabrication process, easy adjusting of size and morph, and efficient light trapping. Herein, we summarized recent developments of light management with grating structures in optoelectronic devices. Typical mechanisms about the grating structures in optoelectronic devices have been reviewed. Moreover, the applications of grating structures in various optoelectronic devices have been presented. Meanwhile, the remaining bottlenecks and perspectives for future development have been discussed.
The Attenuated Protective Effect of Outer Membrane Vesicles Produced by a mcr-1 Positive Strain on Colistin Sensitive Escherichia coli
Authors: Li Xue , Sun Lang , Li Congran , Yang Xinyi , Wang Xiukun , Hu Xinxin , Nie Tongying , Zhang Youwen , You Xuefu
Published: July 2021

Resistance to colistin, especially mobilized colistin resistance (mcr), is a serious threat to public health since it may catalyze a return of the “pre-antibiotic era”. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) play a role in antibiotic resistance in various ways. Currently, how OMVs participate in mcr-1-mediated colistin resistance has not been established. In this study, we showed that both OMVs from the mcr-1 negative and positive Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains conferred dose-dependent protection from colistin. However, OMVs from the mcr-1 positive strain conferred attenuated protection when compared to the OMVs of a mcr-1 negative strain at the same concentration. The attenuated protective effect of OMVs was related to the reduced ability to absorb colistin from the environment, thus promoting the killing of colistin sensitive E. coli strains. Lipid A modified with phosphoethanolamine was presented in the OMVs of the mcr-1 positive E. coli strain and resulted in decreased affinity to colistin and less protection. Meanwhile, E. coli strain carrying the mcr-1 gene packed more unmodified lipid A in OMVs and kept more phosphoethanolamine modified lipid A in the bacterial cells. Our study provides a first glimpse of the role of OMVs in mcr-1 -mediated colistin resistance.
Calcium in the Backstage of Malaria Parasite Biology
Authors: de Oliveira Lucas Silva , Alborghetti Marcos Rodrigo , Carneiro Renata Garcia , Bastos Izabela Marques Dourado , Amino Rogerio , Grellier Philippe , Charneau Sébastien
Published: July 2021

The calcium ion (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous second messenger involved in key biological processes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In Plasmodium species, Ca2+ signaling plays a central role in the parasite life cycle. It has been associated with parasite development, fertilization, locomotion, and host cell infection. Despite the lack of a canonical inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor gene in the Plasmodium genome, pharmacological evidence indicates that inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate triggers Ca2+ mobilization from the endoplasmic reticulum. Other structures such as acidocalcisomes, food vacuole and mitochondria are proposed to act as supplementary intracellular Ca2+ reservoirs. Several Ca2+-binding proteins (CaBPs) trigger downstream signaling. Other proteins with no EF-hand motifs, but apparently involved with CaBPs, are depicted as playing an important role in the erythrocyte invasion and egress. It is also proposed that a cross-talk among kinases, which are not members of the family of Ca2+-dependent protein kinases, such as protein kinases G, A and B, play additional roles mediated indirectly by Ca2+ regulation. This statement may be extended for proteins directly related to invasion or egress, such as SUB1, ERC, IMC1I, IMC1g, GAP45 and EBA175. In this review, we update our understanding of aspects of Ca2+-mediated signaling correlated to the developmental stages of the malaria parasite life cycle.
Reductive Power Generated by Mycobacterium leprae Through Cholesterol Oxidation Contributes to Lipid and ATP Synthesis
Authors: Rosa Thabatta L. S. A. , Marques Maria Angela M. , DeBoard Zachary , Hutchins Kelly , Silva Carlos Adriano A. , Montague Christine R. , Yuan Tianao , Amaral Julio J. , Atella Georgia C. , Rosa Patrícia S. , Mattos Katherine A. , VanderVen Brian C. , Lahiri Ramanuj , Sampson Nicole S. , Brennan Patrick J. , Belisle John T. , Pessolani Maria Cristina V. , Berrêdo-Pinho Marcia
Published: July 2021

Upon infection, Mycobacterium leprae, an obligate intracellular bacillus, induces accumulation of cholesterol-enriched lipid droplets (LDs) in Schwann cells (SCs). LDs are promptly recruited to M. leprae-containing phagosomes, and inhibition of this process decreases bacterial survival, suggesting that LD recruitment constitutes a mechanism by which host-derived lipids are delivered to intracellular M. leprae. We previously demonstrated that M. leprae has preserved only the capacity to oxidize cholesterol to cholestenone, the first step of the normal cholesterol catabolic pathway. In this study we investigated the biochemical relevance of cholesterol oxidation on bacterial pathogenesis in SCs. Firstly, we showed that M. leprae increases the uptake of LDL-cholesterol by infected SCs. Moreover, fluorescence microscopy analysis revealed a close association between M. leprae and the internalized LDL-cholesterol within the host cell. By using Mycobacterium smegmatis mutant strains complemented with M. leprae genes, we demonstrated that ml1942 coding for 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), but not ml0389 originally annotated as cholesterol oxidase (ChoD), was responsible for the cholesterol oxidation activity detected in M. leprae. The 3β-HSD activity generates the electron donors NADH and NADPH that, respectively, fuel the M. leprae respiratory chain and provide reductive power for the biosynthesis of the dominant bacterial cell wall lipids phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM) and phenolic glycolipid (PGL)-I. Inhibition of M. leprae 3β-HSD activity with the 17β-[N-(2,5-di-t-butylphenyl)carbamoyl]-6-azaandrost-4-en-3one (compound 1), decreased bacterial intracellular survival in SCs. In conclusion, our findings confirm the accumulation of cholesterol in infected SCs and its potential delivery to the intracellular bacterium. Furthermore, we provide strong evidence that cholesterol oxidation is an essential catabolic pathway for M. leprae pathogenicity and point to 3β-HSD as a prime drug target that may be used in combination with current multidrug regimens to shorten leprosy treatment and ameliorate nerve damage.
Global Carbon Dioxide Removal Potential of Waste Materials From Metal and Diamond Mining
Authors: Bullock Liam A. , James Rachael H. , Matter Juerg , Renforth Phil , Teagle Damon A. H.
Published: July 2021

There is growing urgency for CO2 removal strategies to slow the increase of, and potentially lower, atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Enhanced weathering, whereby the natural reactions between CO2 and silicate minerals that produce dissolved bicarbonate ions are accelerated, has the potential to remove substantial CO2 on decadal to centennial timescales. The global mining industry produces huge volumes of fine wastes that could be utilised as feedstock for enhanced weathering. We have compiled a global database of the enhanced weathering potential of mined metal and diamond commodity tailings from silicate-hosted deposits. Our data indicate that all deposit types, notably mafic and ultramafic rock-hosted operations and high tonnage Cu-hosting deposits, have the potential to capture ~1.1–4.5 Gt CO2 annually, between 31 and 125% of the industry's primary emissions. However, current knowledge suggests that dissolution rates of many minerals are relatively slow, such that only a fraction (~3–21%) of this potential may be realised on timescales of <50 years. Field trials in mine settings are urgently needed and, if this prediction is confirmed, then methodologies for accelerating weathering reactions will need to be developed.
High-Energy Phosphates and Ischemic Heart Disease: From Bench to Bedside
Authors: Yi-Dan Hao , Ying-Xin Zhao , Shi-Wei Yang , Yu-Jie Zhou
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this review is to bridge the gap between clinical and basic research through providing a comprehensive and concise description of the cellular and molecular aspects of cardioprotective mechanisms and a critical evaluation of the clinical evidence of high-energy phosphates (HEPs) in ischemic heart disease (IHD). According to the well-documented physiological, pathophysiological and pharmacological properties of HEPs, exogenous creatine phosphate (CrP) may be considered as an ideal metabolic regulator. It plays cardioprotection roles from upstream to downstream of myocardial ischemia through multiple complex mechanisms, including but not limited to replenishment of cellular energy. Although exogenous CrP administration has not been shown to improve long-term survival, the beneficial effects on multiple secondary but important outcomes and short-term survival are concordant with its pathophysiological and pharmacological effects. There is urgent need for high-quality multicentre RCTs to confirm long-term survival improvement in the future.
Carbon Dioxide in Lake Nyos, Cameroon, Estimated Quantitatively From Sound Speed Measurements
Authors: Boehrer Bertram , Saiki Kazuto , Ohba Takeshi , Tanyileke Greg , Rouwet Dmitri , Kusakabe Minoru
Published: July 2021

Gases dissolved in the deep water of lakes can pose a hazard when extreme concentrations are reached. A sudden release of large amounts of gas can cost the lives of humans living in the neighbourhood, as happened at Lake Nyos in 1986. Since 2001, the gas risk at Lake Nyos has been mitigated by induced degassing, but the lake continues to be supplied by CO2, and a regular survey needs to be implemented to guarantee safe conditions. Frequent sampling of this remote lake requires an enormous effort, and many analytical techniques are very difficult to run at the lake site. In this contribution, we combined a commercially available sound speed sensor with a CTD (electrical conductivity, temperature, depth) probe to obtain an indirect but quantitative estimate of carbon dioxide concentrations with fine depth resolution (decimetre scale). Dissolved carbon dioxide increases sound speed but does not contribute to electrical conductivity. Hence the difference between measured and calculated (on the base of electrical conductivity, temperature and pressure) sound speed gives a quantitative indication of dissolved carbon dioxide. We infer the vertical distribution of dissolved CO2 and hence continue the survey of the progress of the intended degassing. In conclusion, we present an easy to implement method for very high CO2 concentrations in deep lakes, and we highly recommend the implementation of the sound speed-CTD probe combination at Lake Nyos and at other gas-laden volcanic lakes, as such an approach could safeguard the people living in the area with acceptable cost and effort for the operators. In this manner, alarming CO2 concentrations in deep parts of lakes can be detected in a timely fashion.
Integrating Bioinformatics Tools Into Inquiry-Based Molecular Biology Laboratory Education Modules
Authors: Goller Carlos C. , Srougi Melissa C. , Chen Stefanie H. , Schenkman Laura R. , Kelly Robert M.
Published: July 2021

The accelerating expansion of online bioinformatics tools has profoundly impacted molecular biology, with such tools becoming integral to the modern life sciences. As a result, molecular biology laboratory education must train students to leverage bioinformatics in meaningful ways to be prepared for a spectrum of careers. Institutions of higher learning can benefit from a flexible and dynamic instructional paradigm that blends up-to-date bioinformatics training with best practices in molecular biology laboratory pedagogy. At North Carolina State University, the campus-wide interdisciplinary Biotechnology (BIT) Program has developed cutting-edge, flexible, inquiry-based Molecular Biology Laboratory Education Modules (MBLEMs). MBLEMs incorporate relevant online bioinformatics tools using evidenced-based pedagogical practices and in alignment with national learning frameworks. Students in MBLEMs engage in the most recent experimental developments in modern biology (e.g., CRISPR, metagenomics) through the strategic use of bioinformatics, in combination with wet-lab experiments, to address research questions. MBLEMs are flexible educational units that provide a menu of inquiry-based laboratory exercises that can be used as complete courses or as parts of existing courses. As such, MBLEMs are designed to serve as resources for institutions ranging from community colleges to research-intensive universities, involving a diverse range of learners. Herein, we describe this new paradigm for biology laboratory education that embraces bioinformatics as a critical component of inquiry-based learning for undergraduate and graduate students representing the life sciences, the physical sciences, and engineering.
Reversibility of Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Speyer Helene , Westergaard Casper , Albert Nikolai , Karlsen Mette , Stürup Anne Emilie , Nordentoft Merete , Krogh Jesper
Published: July 2021

Background and Aims

Weight gain is a major adverse effect of antipsychotic medication, negatively affecting physical and mental well-being. The objective of this study was to explore if dose reduction, discontinuation, switch to a partial agonist, or switch from polypharmacy to monotherapy will lead to weight loss.

Methods

Controlled and uncontrolled studies reporting the effects of discontinuation, dose reduction, switch to a partial agonist, or switch from polypharmacy to monotherapy on weight were included. Primary outcome was difference in weight compared to maintenance groups based on controlled studies. Secondary outcome was change in weight from initiation of one of the included interventions until follow-up in a pre-post analysis.

Results

We identified 40 randomized controlled trials and 15 uncontrolled studies including 12,279 individuals. The effect of the interventions, i.e. dose reduction, drug discontinuation, or switch to a partial agonis, reduced the weight with 1.5 kg (95% CI −2.03 to −0.98; P < 0.001) compared to maintenance treatment. The weight change from pre to post was a reduction of 1.13 kg (95% CI −1.36 to −0.90; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

We found a significant but small reduction in weight, suggesting that antipsychotic-induced weight gain can be reversed to some degree. Only a few studies were designed to address the question as primary outcome, which limits the generalizability of our findings.
New Structural and Single Nucleotide Mutations in Type I and Type II Collagens in Taiwanese Children With Type I and Type II Collagenopathies
Authors: Tsai Meng-Che , Chou Yen-Yin , Li Chia-Yi , Wang Yi-Chieh , Yu Hui-Wen , Chen Chia-Hsiang , Chen Peng-Chieh
Published: July 2021

Collagenopathy is a rare genetic condition characterized by abnormality in either collagen structure or metabolism. Variations in its clinical presentations highlight diversity in the genetic causes and potential existence of concurrent mutations. Through whole exome sequencing (WES) complemented with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, we identified the genetic etiologies for six cases with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) in COL1A1 (p.T1298N, p.Q1280Pfs∗51, and p.G557Vfs∗23) and COL1A2 (c.1-1677_133-441del) as well as three cases with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita in COL2A1 (p.G1041S, p.G654S, and p.G441A). Co-occurrence of COL1A1 and WNT1 mutations was found in a patient with a mild OI phenotype but severe osteoporosis. These findings extended the pathogenic variant spectrum of COL1A1, COL1A2, and COL2A1 for type I and type II collagenopathies. Although WES provides a fast and accurate method to identify the genetic causes in most of the patients with type I and type II collagenopathies, its limitation of detecting CNVs because of variable capturing uniformity should be kept in mind when interpreting the results. Taken together, we demonstrate that multiple genetic characterizing technologies can provide an accurate and efficient molecular diagnostic of new genetic variants in disease-causing genes that are compatible with clinical phenotypes.
Alternative Ways of Computing the Numerator Relationship Matrix
Authors: Nilforooshan Mohammad Ali , Garrick Dorian , Harris Bevin
Published: July 2021

Pedigree relationships between every pair of individuals forms the elements of the additive genetic relationship matrix (A). Calculation of A−1 does not require forming and inverting A, and it is faster and easier than the calculation of A. Although A−1 is used in best linear unbiased prediction of genetic merit, A is used in population studies and post-evaluation procedures, such as breeding programs and controlling the rate of inbreeding. Three pedigrees with 20,000 animals (20K) and different (1, 2, 4) litter sizes, and a pedigree with 180,000 animals (180K) and litter size 2 were simulated. Aiming to reduce the computation time for calculating A, new methods [Array-Tabular method, (T−1)−1 instead of T in Thompson's method, iterative updating of D in Thompson's method, and iteration by generation] were developed and compared with some existing methods. The methods were coded in the R programming language to demonstrate the algorithms, aiming for minimizing the computational time. Among 20K, computational time decreased with increasing litter size for most of the methods. Methods deriving A from A−1 were relatively slow. The other methods were either using only pedigree information or both the pedigree and inbreeding coefficients. Calculating inbreeding coefficients was extremely fast (<0.2 s for 180K). Parallel computing (15 cores) was adopted for methods that were based on solving A−1 for columns of A, as those methods allowed implicit parallelism. Optimizing the code for one of the earliest methods enabled A to be built in 13 s (faster than the 31 s for calculating A−1) for 20K and 17 min 3 s for 180K. Memory is a bottleneck for large pedigrees but attempts to reduce the memory usage increased the computational time. To reduce disk space usage, memory usage, and computational time, relationship coefficients of old animals in the pedigree can be archived and relationship coefficients for parents of the next generation can be saved in an external file for successive updates to the pedigree and the A matrix.
Case Report: Pathogenic MYH9 c.5797delC Mutation in a Patient With Apparent Thrombocytopenia and Nephropathy
Authors: Ren Pingping , Chen Hongjun , Wang Yucheng , Wang Cuili , Feng Shi , Jiang Hong , Chen Jianghua
Published: July 2021

MYH9-related disease or disorder (MYH9-RD) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the MYH9 gene. Mutations in this gene initially affect the hemic system, and other manifestations may evolve with age. Here, we report the case of a 46-year-old Chinese woman with MYH9-RD who was primarily misdiagnosed with idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura. Exome sequencing of the patient, and the mother and son of the patient revealed a deletion mutation c.5797delC (p. R1933Efs*15) in exon 41 (encoding non-helical tailpiece, NHT) of the MYH9 gene, which consequently led to a frameshift mutation. To the best of our knowledge, this mutation has been reported in Italy once, while the substitution mutation c.5797 C>T is the most frequent mutation. Mutations that affect the NHT region cause thrombocytopenia throughout life; however, our patient presented with a more severe phenotype than previously reported, including thrombocytopenia, inclusion bodies in neutrophils, sensorineural hearing loss, nephropathy, and abnormal liver enzymes. Our goal in the current case is to prevent further progression of renal involvement and to identify other affected members in this family to provide early intervention. This case may raise awareness of MYH9-RD when diagnosing thrombocytopenia and improve our understanding of this condition.
Genes and Pathways Affecting Sheep Productivity Traits: Genetic Parameters, Genome-Wide Association Mapping, and Pathway Enrichment Analysis
Authors: Esmaeili-Fard Seyed Mehdi , Gholizadeh Mohsen , Hafezian Seyed Hasan , Abdollahi-Arpanahi Rostam
Published: July 2021

Ewe productivity is a composite and maternal trait that is considered the most important economic trait in sheep meat production. The objective of this study was the application of alternative genome-wide association study (GWAS) approaches followed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) on the ewes’ genome to identify genes affecting pregnancy outcomes and lamb growth after parturition in Iranian Baluchi sheep. Three maternal composite traits at birth and weaning were considered. The traits were progeny birth weight, litter mean weight at birth, total litter weight at birth, progeny weaning weight, litter mean weight at weaning, and total litter weight at weaning. GWASs were performed on original phenotypes as well as on estimated breeding values. The significant SNPs associated with composite traits at birth were located within or near genes RDX, FDX1, ARHGAP20, ZC3H12C, THBS1, and EPG5. Identified genes and pathways have functions related to pregnancy, such as autophagy in the placenta, progesterone production by the placenta, placental formation, calcium ion transport, and maternal immune response. For composite traits at weaning, genes (NR2C1, VEZT, HSD17B4, RSU1, CUBN, VIM, PRLR, and FTH1) and pathways affecting feed intake and food conservation, development of mammary glands cytoskeleton structure, and production of milk components like fatty acids, proteins, and vitamin B-12, were identified. The results show that calcium ion transport during pregnancy and feeding lambs by milk after parturition can have the greatest impact on weight gain as compared to other effects of maternal origin.
PB-Motif—A Method for Identifying Gene/Pseudogene Rearrangements With Long Reads: An Application to CYP21A2 Genotyping
Authors: Stephens Zachary , Milosevic Dragana , Kipp Benjamin , Grebe Stefan , Iyer Ravishankar K. , Kocher Jean-Pierre A.
Published: July 2021

Long read sequencing technologies have the potential to accurately detect and phase variation in genomic regions that are difficult to fully characterize with conventional short read methods. These difficult to sequence regions include several clinically relevant genes with highly homologous pseudogenes, many of which are prone to gene conversions or other types of complex structural rearrangements. We present PB-Motif, a new method for identifying rearrangements between two highly homologous genomic regions using PacBio long reads. PB-Motif leverages clustering and filtering techniques to efficiently report rearrangements in the presence of sequencing errors and other systematic artifacts. Supporting reads for each high-confidence rearrangement can then be used for copy number estimation and phased variant calling. First, we demonstrate PB-Motif's accuracy with simulated sequence rearrangements of PMS2 and its pseudogene PMS2CL using simulated reads sweeping over a range of sequencing error rates. We then apply PB-Motif to 26 clinical samples, characterizing CYP21A2 and its pseudogene CYP21A1P as part of a diagnostic assay for congenital adrenal hyperplasia. We successfully identify damaging variation and patient carrier status concordant with clinical diagnosis obtained from multiplex ligation-dependent amplification (MLPA) and Sanger sequencing. The source code is available at: github.com/zstephens/pb-motif.
CD169 Defines Activated CD14+ Monocytes With Enhanced CD8+ T Cell Activation Capacity
Authors: Affandi Alsya J. , Olesek Katarzyna , Grabowska Joanna , Nijen Twilhaar Maarten K. , Rodríguez Ernesto , Saris Anno , Zwart Eline S. , Nossent Esther J. , Kalay Hakan , de Kok Michael , Kazemier Geert , Stöckl Johannes , van den Eertwegh Alfons J. M. , de Gruijl Tanja D. , Garcia-Vallejo Juan J. , Storm Gert , van Kooyk Yvette , den Haan Joke M. M.
Published: July 2021

Monocytes are antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that play diverse roles in promoting or regulating inflammatory responses, but their role in T cell stimulation is not well defined. In inflammatory conditions, monocytes frequently show increased expression of CD169/Siglec-1, a type-I interferon (IFN-I)-regulated protein. However, little is known about the phenotype and function of these CD169+ monocytes. Here, we have investigated the phenotype of human CD169+ monocytes in different diseases, their capacity to activate CD8+ T cells, and the potential for a targeted-vaccination approach. Using spectral flow cytometry, we detected CD169 expression by CD14+ CD16- classical and CD14+ CD16+ intermediate monocytes and unbiased analysis showed that they were distinct from dendritic cells, including the recently described CD14-expressing DC3. CD169+ monocytes expressed higher levels of co-stimulatory and HLA molecules, suggesting an increased activation state. IFNα treatment highly upregulated CD169 expression on CD14+ monocytes and boosted their capacity to cross-present antigen to CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, we observed CD169+ monocytes in virally-infected patients, including in the blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of COVID-19 patients, as well as in the blood of patients with different types of cancers. Finally, we evaluated two CD169-targeting nanovaccine platforms, antibody-based and liposome-based, and we showed that CD169+ monocytes efficiently presented tumor-associated peptides gp100 and WT1 to antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, our data indicate that CD169+ monocytes are activated monocytes with enhanced CD8+ T cell stimulatory capacity and that they emerge as an interesting target in nanovaccine strategies, because of their presence in health and different diseases.
Case Report: A Re-Positive Case of SARS-CoV-2 Associated With Glaucoma
Authors: Zhou Xiaoli , Zhou Ya-Na , Ali Ashaq , Liang Cuiqin , Ye Zhiqin , Chen Xiaomin , Zhang Qing , Deng Lihua , Sun Xinyi , Zhang Qian , Luo Jihong , Li Wei , Zhou Kun , Cao Shanshan , Zhang Xiaowei , Li Xiao-Dong , Zhang Xian-En , Cui Zongqiang , Men Dong
Published: July 2021

The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has already become a global threat to the human population. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Ocular abnormalities have been reported in association with COVID-19, but the nature of the impairments was not specified. Here, we report a case of a female patient diagnosed with glaucoma on re-hospitalization for ocular complications two months after being discharged from the hospital upon recovery from COVID-19. Meanwhile, the patient was found re-positive for SARS-CoV-2 in the upper respiratory tract. The infection was also diagnosed in the aqueous humor through immunostaining with antibodies against the N protein and S protein of SARS-CoV-2. Considering the eye is an immune-privileged site, we speculate that SARS-CoV-2 survived in the eye and resulted in the patient testing re-positive for SARS-CoV-2.
Swine Dendritic Cell Response to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus: An Update
Authors: Hernández Jesús , Li Yanli , Mateu Enric
Published: July 2021

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells, unique to initiate and coordinate the adaptive immune response. In pigs, conventional DCs (cDCs), plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), and monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) have been described in blood and tissues. Different pathogens, such as viruses, could infect these cells, and in some cases, compromise their response. The understanding of the interaction between DCs and viruses is critical to comprehend viral immunopathological responses. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the most important respiratory pathogen in the global pig population. Different reports support the notion that PRRSV modulates pig immune response in addition to their genetic and antigenic variability. The interaction of PRRSV with DCs is a mostly unexplored area with conflicting results and lots of uncertainties. Among the scarce certainties, cDCs and pDCs are refractory to PRRSV infection in contrast to moDCs. Additionally, response of DCs to PRRSV can be different depending on the type of DCs and maybe is related to the virulence of the viral isolate. The precise impact of this virus-DC interaction upon the development of the specific immune response is not fully elucidated. The present review briefly summarizes and discusses the previous studies on the interaction of in vitro derived bone marrow (bm)- and moDCs, and in vivo isolated cDCs, pDCs, and moDCs with PRRSV1 and 2.