bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of rest break frequency and duration on physical performance and psychophysiological responses: a mining simulation study
Authors: Uchiyama Kanon , King James , Wallman Karen , Taggart Sarah , Dugan Cory , Girard Olivier
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To investigate the influence of shorter, more frequent rest breaks during simulated work (outdoor mining) in the heat on physical performance and psychophysiological responses.

Methods

On separate days, thirteen males undertook two 225 min simulation trials in the afternoon (12.00–3.45 pm) including 180 min of treadmill walking at a constant rate of perceived exertion of 11 (or ‘light’) on the 6–20 Borg scale in a heat chamber (37 °C, 40% RH), interspersed with 45 min of rest breaks in an air-conditioned room (22 °C, 35% RH). Rest breaks in the current practice (CP) trial occurred at 1.00 and 2.30 pm (30 min and 15 min, respectively), while in the experimental (EXP) trial were at 1.00 (15 min), 1.45, 2.25 and 3.05 pm (10 min each).

Results

Total distance covered was not different (p = 0.086) between CP (12,858 ± 2207 m) and EXP (12,094 ± 2174 m). Heart rate, thermal sensation and thermal comfort were significantly higher at 120–180 min (allp < 0.05) in CP compared to EXP. Moderate- to large-effect sizes (Hedge’s g) between trials were also found at 120–180 min for core temperature (g = 0.50 and 0.99, respectively). No differences were found between trials for cognitive performance, perceived fatigue, urine specific gravity, or total water intake (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Shorter, more frequent rest breaks have little impact on physical performance, thermal strain and exercise-related sensations. Current practices should remain in place until further studies can be conducted on an actual mine site during summer where outdoor workers perform their work duties.
Autoencoders reloaded
Authors: Bourlard Hervé , Kabil Selen Hande
Published: June 2022

In Bourlard and Kamp (Biol Cybern 59(4):291–294, 1998), it was theoretically proven that autoencoders (AE) with single hidden layer (previously called “auto-associative multilayer perceptrons”) were, in the best case, implementing singular value decomposition (SVD) Golub and Reinsch (Linear algebra, Singular value decomposition and least squares solutions, pp 134–151. Springer, 1971), equivalent to principal component analysis (PCA) Hotelling (Educ Psychol 24(6/7):417–441, 1993); Jolliffe (Principal component analysis, springer series in statistics, 2nd edn. Springer, New York ). That is, AE are able to derive theeigenvaluesthat represent the amount of variance covered by each component even with the presence of the nonlinear function (sigmoid-like, or any other nonlinear functions) present on their hidden units. Today, with the renewed interest in “deep neural networks” (DNN), multiple types of (deep) AE are being investigated as an alternative to manifold learning Cayton (Univ California San Diego Tech Rep 12(1–17):1, 2005) for conducting nonlinear feature extraction or fusion, each with its own specific (expected) properties. Many of those AE are currently being developed as powerful, nonlinear encoder–decoder models, or used to generate reduced and discriminant feature sets that are more amenable to different modeling and classification tasks. In this paper, we start by recalling and further clarifying the main conclusions of Bourlard and Kamp (Biol Cybern 59(4):291–294, 1998), supporting them by extensive empirical evidences, which were not possible to be provided previously (in 1988), due to the dataset and processing limitations. Upon full understanding of the underlying mechanisms, we show that it remains hard (although feasible) to go beyond the state-of-the-art PCA/SVD techniques for auto-association. Finally, we present a brief overview on different autoencoder models that are mainly in use today and discuss their rationale, relations and application areas.
Addressing colon cancer patients’ needs during follow-up consultations at the outpatient clinic: a multicenter qualitative observational study
Authors: Vos Julien A. M. , Duineveld Laura A. M. , van Miltenburg Vera E. , Henselmans Inge , van Weert Henk C. P. M. , van Asselt Kristel M.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To describe colon cancer patients’ needs and how healthcare providers respond to these needs during routine follow-up consultations in hospital.

Methods

A multicenter qualitative observational study, consisting of follow-up consultations by surgeons and specialized oncology nurses. Consultations were analyzed according to Verona Coding Definitions of Emotional Sequences. Patients’ questions, cues, and concerns were derived from the data and categorized into supportive care domains. Responses of healthcare providers were defined as providing or reducing space for disclosure. Patient satisfaction with care was measured with a short questionnaire.

Results

Consultations with 30 patients were observed. Questions typically centered around the health system and information domain (i.e., follow-up schedule and test results; 92%). Cues and concerns were mostly associated with the physical and daily living domain (i.e., experiencing symptoms and difficulties resuming daily routine; 43%), followed by health system and information (i.e., miscommunication or lack of clarity about follow-up; 28%), and psychological domain (i.e., fear of recurrence and complications; 28%). Problems in the sexuality domain hardly ever arose (0%). Healthcare providers provided space to talk about half of the cues and concerns (54%). Responses to cancer-related versus unrelated problems were similar. Overall, the patients were satisfied with the information and communication received.

Conclusions

Colon cancer patients express various needs during consultations. Healthcare providers respond to different types of needs in a similar fashion. We encourage clinicians to discuss all supportive care domains, including sexuality, and provide space for further disclosure. General practitioners are trained to provide holistic care and could play a greater role.
Carbonate factory of Pietra di Finale coastal wedge (Miocene): the unusual abundance of stylasterids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)
Authors: Brandano Marco , Tomassetti Laura , Puce Stefania
Published: June 2022

This work focuses on the carbonate factories constituting the Pietra di Finale Fm cropping out in the Ligurian Alps. This unit constituted a mixed carbonate–siliciclastic coastal wedge developed during the Middle Miocene. The carbonate factories characterizing the coastal wedge of the Pietra di Finale clearly differ from those of the coastal mixed systems and carbonate platforms developing during the Miocene elsewhere in the Mediterranean area. Here, in the Ligurian Alps, the euphotic carbonate factory does not show any evidence of seagrass meadows and coral bioconstructions. Zooxanthellate corals are present only as skeletal debris associated with abundant stylasterids. In the mesophotic and oligophotic zones, the typical oligophotic biota of red algae and larger benthic foraminifers are strongly reduced. The coastal wedge of the Pietra di Finale shows an unusual abundance of stylasterids, classically interpreted as deep-water biota. However, in this example, the absence of low-energy textures and other skeletal components suggest a shallow-water origin, probably in the eu- or mesophotic zone. The stylasterids colonized the hard substrates available and were successively removed and resedimented to form the skeletal fraction of the coastal wedge of the Pietra di Finale. The abundance of stylasterids is restricted to particular and limited situations in the Miocene of the Mediterranean, thus suggesting that their abnormal development is controlled by local rather than global factors.
How does Mind–Body Bridging support professional identity development?
Authors: Lutovac Sonja , Kaasila Raimo , Petäjäniemi Maria , Siira Virva
Published: June 2022

This narrative case study is an exploration of Mind–Body Bridging (MBB), an emerging mindfulness-based approach, and its impact on university students’ professional identities. MBB was used as content and an intervention tool in a psychology course. The study provides an in-depth analysis of two students’ narratives to illustrate and discuss the usefulness of MBB in the university setting. The findings demonstrate that MBB helped students develop their professional identity with regard to self-confidence, self-awareness, social relationships, and professional future. Moreover, the link between the development of students’ professional identities and their abilities to cope with work-related stress is found.
Autistic traits, emotion regulation, and sensory sensitivities in children and adults with Misophonia
Authors: Rinaldi L. J. , Simner J. , Koursarou S. , Ward J.
Published: June 2022

Misophonia is an unusually strong aversion to everyday sounds such as chewing, crunching, or breathing. Previous studies have suggested that rates of autism might be elevated in misophonia, and here we examine this claim in detail. We present a comprehensive review of the relevant literature, and two empirical studies examining children and adults with misophonia. We tested 142 children and 379 adults for traits associated with autism (i.e., attention-to-detail, attention-switching, social processing, communication, imagination, emotion regulation, and sensory sensitivity across multiple domains). Our data show that autistic traits are indeed elevated in misophonics compared to controls. We discuss our findings in relation to models of the interface between autism, sensory sensitivities, and the specific features of misophonia.
Experimental and numerical investigation of a vertical vibration isolator for seismic applications
Authors: Eskandary-Malayery Fatemeh , Ilanko Sinniah , Mace Brian , Mochida Yusuke , Pellicano Francesco
Published: June 2022

In near-fault seismic zones, the vertical acceleration experienced during a strong event can be greater than horizontal acceleration. Methods to reduce horizontal acceleration are applied in various forms and are in common use. However, methods to reduce vertical acceleration, and practical protection systems for these applications, remain elusive. One strategy to protect structures, which has been demonstrated to be effective in situations where the excitation is horizontal, is to isolate the structure. For vertical excitations, this is difficult due to the need to maintain sufficient stiffness and strength in the direction of gravitational loads. The need to maintain high stiffness for gravity loading while allowing flexibility for isolation during earthquakes has led to research on the use of High-Static-Low-Dynamic Stiffness Systems (HSLDSS) and in particular Quasi-Zero Stiffness Systems (QZSS), which have zero equivalent stiffness in the equilibrium position. Although effective, the QZSS is sensitive to mistuning and prone to large deformations for relatively small increments in static load for building applications. This paper presents the results of an analytical and experimental study in which a HSLDSS isolation system carrying a payload is subject to vertical base excitation using sinusoidal as well as actual, scaled earthquake signals. Static loading tests are also presented. This isolation system consists of rigid rotating arms, horizontal and vertical springs and a vertical damper. By a suitable selection of parameters this could also serve as a QZSS. Results show that both the QZSS and HSLDSS can significantly reduce the magnification of the force as well as the transmission of the acceleration and that the HSLDSS retains stiffness at the equilibrium position. The numerical model includes friction and is solved using direct integration of the equation of motion. Experimental results from a scale model agree well theoretical predictions.
Aesthetic Animism
Authors: Doran Ryan P.
Published: June 2022

I argue that the main existing accounts of the relationship between the beauty of environmental entities and their moral standing are mistaken in important ways. Beauty does not, as has been suggested by optimists, confer intrinsic moral standing. Nor is it the case, as has been suggested by pessimists, that beauty at best provides an anthropocentric source of moral standing that is commensurate with other sources of pleasure. I present arguments and evidence that show that the appreciation of beauty tends to cause a transformational state of mind that is more valuable than mere pleasure, but that leads us to falsely represent beautiful entities as being sentient and, in turn, as having intrinsic moral standing. To this extent, beauty is not, then, a source of intrinsic moral standing; it’s a source of a more important anthropocentric value than has hitherto been acknowledged.
The Tribocorrosion Behaviour of Ti-6Al-4 V Alloy: The Role of Both Normal Force and Electrochemical Potential
Authors: Feyzi Mohsen , Fallahnezhad Khosro , Taylor Mark , Hashemi Reza
Published: June 2022

The tribocorrosion behaviour of Ti-6Al-4 V exposed to phosphate buffered saline was investigated under a range of normal forces in both cathodic and anodic regions to provide a basis for properly deriving the tribological constants of this alloy. To achieve this, a new customised tribotester was designed and manufactured to rub the Ti-6Al-4 V disks against zirconia balls. The tests were conducted at a sliding frequency of 1 Hz and a sliding distance of 4.8 mm under various normal forces and potentials as 17.5, 10.8, 6, 3.5 N, and − 1.2, − 0.6, 0, 0.4, 0.8 V/VAg/AgCl, respectively. The damaged surfaces were characterised by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, profilometer, and micro-hardness tester. The post analyses confirmed the appearance of some minor cracks together with third-body wear particles. No significant changes in the hardness were detected after the tribocorrosion tests. The results of profilometry and electrochemical current indicated that in the anodic region the chemical losses accounted for a significant proportion (up to 36%) of the total loss. The proportional chemical loss increased with the potential; however, neither direct nor reverse relationship was found with the normal force. Overall, in the anodic domain, the material loss increased with the potential level due to the formation of oxide layer which may induce more shear cutting. In the cathodic domain, hydrogen embrittlement changed the properties of the interface and thus, the amount of material loss. Both the mechanical and chemical wear were described by an existing tribocorrosion theory; thereby, the theory was equipped with its tribocorrosive constants for future analyses on the tribocorrosion of this alloy extensively used in various applications including biomedical implants.
Percutaneous cryoablation for clinical T3a renal cell carcinoma (< 7 cm) with segmental vein involvement or perinephric fat invasion based on preoperative evaluation of high-resolution multidetector computed tomography scan
Authors: Uka Mayu , Iguchi Toshihiro , Okawa Nanako , Matsui Yusuke , Tomita Koji , Umakoshi Noriyuki , Munetomo Kazuaki , Gobara Hideo , Araki Motoo , Hiraki Takao
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To retrospectively assess the feasibility, safety, renal function, technique efficacy rate, and survival of patients with clinical T3a renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Materials and methods

Sixteen cryoablation sessions were performed in 14 patients (10 men; mean age, 69.8 ± 10.5 years; range, 49–90 years) with 14 clear cell T3a RCCs (mean, 3.3 ± 0.9 cm; range, 1.9–5.2 cm). One patient was on dialysis. Transcatheter arterial embolization was performed before cryoablation in 15 sessions. The primary endpoint was the technique efficacy rate. The secondary endpoints included feasibility, safety, renal function, and survival.

Results

Cryoablation was technically successful in all RCC cases. In two RCCs, cryoablation was performed twice because of local tumor progression. No major adverse events were observed. All patients were alive without metastases, with a median follow-up of 45 months (6−93 months). Complete response was achieved by cryoablation in 11 RCCs (78.6%). The primary and secondary technique efficacy rates were 77.1% and 84.4% at 1 year, 57.9% and 73.9% at 3 years, and 57.9% and 73.9% at 5 years, respectively. One patient underwent dialysis given a total contralateral nephrectomy due to another RCC 1 month after initial cryoablation and a total ipsilateral nephrectomy 46 months after initial cryoablation due to local progression. Except for two dialysis patients, of the 12 patients with a median follow-up of 41 months (6–93 months), none were on dialysis.

Conclusion

Cryoablation was safe and effective in T3a RCC, which mainly involved the renal venous branches and may represent an alternative treatment for inoperable patients.
The effect of CT texture-based analysis using machine learning approaches on radiologists' performance in differentiating focal-type autoimmune pancreatitis and pancreatic duct carcinoma
Authors: Anai Kenta , Hayashida Yoshiko , Ueda Issei , Hozuki Eri , Yoshimatsu Yuuta , Tsukamoto Jun , Hamamura Toshihiko , Onari Norihiro , Aoki Takatoshi , Korogi Yukunori
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To develop a support vector machine (SVM) classifier using CT texture-based analysis in differentiating focal-type autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and pancreatic duct carcinoma (PD), and to assess the radiologists’ diagnostic performance with or without SVM.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study included 50 patients (20 patients with focal-type AIP and 30 patients with PD) who underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced CT. Sixty-two CT texture-based features were extracted from 2D images of the arterial and portal phase CTs. We conducted data compression and feature selections using principal component analysis (PCA) and produced the SVM classifier. Four readers participated in this observer performance study and the statistical significance of differences with and without the SVM was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results

The SVM performance indicated a high performance in differentiating focal-type AIP and PD (AUC = 0.920). The AUC for all 4 readers increased significantly from 0.827 to 0.911 when using the SVM outputs (p = 0.010). The AUC for inexperienced readers increased significantly from 0.781 to 0.905 when using the SVM outputs (p = 0.310). The AUC for experienced readers increased from 0.875 to 0.912 when using the SVM outputs, however, there was no significant difference (p = 0.018).

Conclusion

The use of SVM classifier using CT texture-based features improved the diagnostic performance for differentiating focal-type AIP and PD on CT.
Coupling outdoor air quality with thermal comfort in the presence of street trees: a pilot investigation in Shenyang, Northeast China
Authors: Miao Chunping , Li Pingping , Huang Yanqing , Sun Yuxuan , Chen Wei , Yu Shuai
Published: June 2022

Together, the heat island effect and air pollution pose a threat to human health and well-being in urban settings. Nature-based solutions such as planting trees are a mitigation strategy to improve outdoor temperatures (thermal comfort) and enhance air quality in urban areas. In this study, outdoor thermal comfort, and particulate matter levels were compared between treeless and treed areas to provide a better understanding of how street trees improve thermal comfort and air quality. Street trees decreased the physiological equivalent temperature from 46.3 to 44.2 °C in summer but increased it from 36.4 to 37.5 °C in autumn. Air temperature and relative humidity contributed more in summer while wind speed contributed more in autumn. Particulate matter concentrations were negatively correlated with physiological equivalent temperature in summer but not in autumn. The presence of trees decreased concentrations of fine particulate matter in hot summer conditions but increased in hot autumn conditions. The presence of trees increased coarse particulate matter in very hot summer conditions in summer and in hot autumn conditions. Overall, the layout of trees in urban street canyons should consider the trade-off between outdoor thermal comfort and air quality improvement.
The outcome-representation learning model: impairments in decision-making in adolescents with excess weight
Authors: Moreno-Padilla María , Alacreu-Crespo Adrián , Guillaume Sebastien , Reyes del Paso Gustavo A.
Published: June 2022

Impairments in decision-making have been suggested as a predisposing factor to obesity development. Individuals with excess weight display riskier decisions than normal weight people. Furthermore, adolescence is a period of life in which risky behavior may increase. We aimed to investigate decision making applying the Outcome-Representation-Learning (ORL) model to the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) in adolescents with excess weight. Twenty-nine excess weight and twenty-eight normal weight adolescents, classified according to their age-adjusted body mass index (BMI) percentile, participated in the study. Decision-making was measured using the IGT. A Bayesian computational ORL model was applied to assess reward learning, punishment learning, forgetfulness, win perseverance and deck perseverance. The IGT net score was lower in excess weight than normal weight adolescents (β = 2.85; p < .027). Reward learning (95% HDI [0.011, 0.232]) was higher, while forgetfulness (95% HDI [− 0.711, − 0.181]) and deck perseverance (95% HDI [− 3.349, − 0.203]) were lower, in excess weight than normal weight adolescents. Excess weight adolescents seemed better at learning the most rewarding choices and showed a random strategy based on reward and novelty seeking. Consequently, excess weight adolescents made more disadvantageous selections, and performed worse in the IGT.
The decreasing availability of reindeer forage in boreal forests during snow cover periods: A Sámi pastoral landscape perspective in Sweden
Authors: Harnesk David
Published: June 2022

This paper argues that Sámi reindeer pastoralism in Sweden is highly stressed during the critical snow cover periods due to large-scale human interventions, especially forestry, and that these have over time significantly worsened the ecological conditions for natural grazing-based responses to changing snow conditions caused by climate change. Informed by a literature review, the paper conceptualises two, overlapping ecological dynamics that shape the availability of lichen as key forage resources within a Sámi pastoral landscape perspective: the grazing dynamics of reindeer during snow cover periods as determined by climatic stochasticity, and the more predictable vegetation dynamics of lichen habitat formation, growth and sustenance based on structured forestry practices. This could help articulate an intervention ecology that pursues sustainable ecological conditions for natural grazing-based Sámi reindeer pastoralism, along with other goals. As such alternatives are likely to face political resistance, the article discusses the implications of its findings within a science–politics interface.
Metabolism Instead of Machine: Towards an Ontology of Hybrids
Authors: Rijssenbeek Julia , Blok Vincent , Robaey Zoë
Published: June 2022

The emerging field of synthetic biology aims to engineer novel biological entities. The envisioned future bio-based economy builds largely on “cell factories”: organisms that have been metabolically engineered to sustainably produce substances for human ends. In this paper, we argue that synthetic biology’s goal of creating efficient production vessels for industrial applications implies a set of ontological assumptions according to which living organisms are machines. Traditionally, a machine is understood as a technological, isolated and controllable production unit consisting of parts. But modified organisms, or hybrids, require us to think beyond the machine paradigm and its associated dichotomies between artificial and natural, organisms and artefacts. We ask: How may we conceptualise hybrids beyond limiting ontological categories? Our main claim is that the hybrids created by synthetic biology should be considered not as machines but as metabolic systems. We shall show how the philosophical account of metabolism can inform an ontology of hybrids that moves beyond what we call the “machine ontology”, considering that metabolism enables thinking beyond the dominant dichotomies and allows us to understand and design lifeforms in a bio-based economy. Thus, the aim of this paper is twofold: first, to develop the philosophical ontology of hybrids, and second, to move synthetic biology beyond the problematically limiting view of hybrids.
Lie Bialgebroid of Pseudo-differential Operators
Authors: Eslami Rad Anahita
Published: June 2022

We associate a Lie bialgebroid structure to the algebra of formal Pseudo-differential operators, as the classical limit of a quantum groupoid. As a consequence, the non-commutative Kadomtsev–Petviashvili hierarchy is naturally obtained by an algebraic procedure.
Art library collections at research universities: Challenges and opportunities for collaborative collection development
Authors: Ricci Giana , Salmon Lori
Published: June 2022

Collection development for the arts at large research universities presents certain issues that can be challenging for the librarians responsible. Some of these issues include: collaborating with other selectors, managing multiple library locations, preventing unnecessary duplication, acquiring non-traditional material, working with non-academic publishers, and varying circulation policies. In this article, the Librarian for the Fine Arts and the Head of the Institute of Fine Arts Library at New York University will discuss their experience navigating these challenges in the first two and a half years of their collaboration. The authors will present strategies for leveraging these challenges as opportunities and will share the benefits they have experienced from this effort.
Reading the library: Institution, archive and the future of a field
Authors: Pollock Griselda
Published: June 2022

In my last years of teaching at the University of Leeds (2019-20), I invited all first-year Fine Art and Art History students to meet me in the circular Reading Room of University of Leeds Library. I felt that, for many students arriving at university, the space, form, function and use of a research, or even a reference, library might be inhibiting, alien at worst and certainly overwhelming. My aim was to get them inside, and to then explore the Library as an architectural-spatial text written with books ordered and spaced according to classification systems that already encode and pre-frame their fields of knowledge amidst other discrete fields. Moreover, my lectures to them would question the system of classifying art and its histories laid out for them in the library. I might indeed deeply challenge this ‘order of things’ (to quote Michel Foucault.)1
Sweatshops, Exploitation, and the Nonworseness Claim
Authors: Kates Michael
Published: June 2022

According to the nonworseness claim, it cannot be morallyworseto exploit someone than not to interact with them at all when the interaction 1) is mutually beneficial, 2) is voluntary, and 3) has no negative effects on third parties. My aim in this article is to defend the moral significance of exploitation from this challenge. To that end, I develop a novel account of why sweatshop owners have a moral obligation to pay sweatshop workers a nonexploitative wage despite the fact that their relationship is entirely optional. More precisely, I defend two main claims. First, I show that sweatshop owners are morally obligated to pay sweatshop workers a nonexploitative wage even though they have a right not to hire them and even though that will require them to pay sweatshop workers a wage that is higher than the one they voluntarily accepted. Second, I explain why this obligation on the part of sweatshop owners is not defeated by the fact that other individuals not party to the transaction would benefit even more than sweatshop workers from receiving this additional level of pay.
Limit theorems for random points in a simplex
Authors: Baci Anastas , Kabluchko Zakhar , Prochno Joscha , Sonnleitner Mathias , Thäle Christoph
Published: June 2022

In this work the
$\ell_q$
-norms of points chosen uniformly at random in a centered regular simplex in high dimensions are studied. Berry–Esseen bounds in the regime
$1\leq q < \infty$
are derived and complemented by a non-central limit theorem together with moderate and large deviations in the case where
$q=\infty$
. An application to the intersection volume of a regular simplex with an
$\ell_p^n$
-ball is also carried out.
Dynamical fitness models: evidence of universality classes for preferential attachment graphs
Authors: Cipriani Alessandra , Fontanari Andrea
Published: June 2022

In this paper we define a family of preferential attachment models for random graphs with fitness in the following way: independently for each node, at each time step a random fitness is drawn according to the position of a moving average process with positive increments. We will define two regimes in which our graph reproduces some features of two well-known preferential attachment models: the Bianconi–Barabási and Barabási–Albert models. We will discuss a few conjectures on these models, including the convergence of the degree sequence and the appearance of Bose–Einstein condensation in the network when the drift of the fitness process has order comparable to the graph size.
New perspectives of Microsentis wardae Martin & Multani, 1966 (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from Gillichthys mirabilis Cooper in California, with scanning electron microscopy images and energy dispersive X-ray analysis
Authors: Amin O. M. , Chaudhary A. , Singh H. S.
Published: June 2022

Fully developed, sexually mature small male and female acanthocephalans, Microsentis wardae Martin & Multani, 1966 (Neoechinorhynchidae) reaching only 2.25 mm and 2.42 mm, respectively, were collected from the rectum of longjaw mudsuckers, Gillichthys mirabilis Cooper, in the salty marches of Anaheim Bay and San Diego Bay, California. Our specimens were half the size of those reported in the original description from the same host in Scammon's Lagoon over 700 km to the south. The ratio of proboscis and receptacle size to trunk size was markedly higher in our specimens compared to the larger specimens measured in the original description. The anatomy of all structures in our specimens from Anaheim Bay was comparable to that of the larger Scammon's Lagoon specimens that have apparently realized more growth in the Scammon's Lagoon. We have observed more structures that are not reported in the original description, especially evident from our scanning electron microscopy images, which are not possible to observe in the original line drawings. In our specimens, the micropores were unusually widely spaced and the energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed longitudinal hook sections with high levels of sulphur and phosphorus and moderate levels of calcium, but the whole hooks showed highest levels of sodium and magnesium – the biochemical hook signature of this species. Sequences of the small subunit (18S) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA were generated and compared with acanthocephalan sequences available from GenBank. As M. wardae comprises a monotypic genus, therefore, phylogenetic analyses inferred from the 18S gene showed its relationship with other species of closely related genera of Eoacanthocephala. This is the first report of molecular data of M. wardae.
“Really this girl ought to be going to something better”: Rhoticity and social meaning in oral history data
Authors: Ryan Sadie Durkacz , Dann Holly , Drummond Rob
Published: June 2022

This article explores the shift to non-rhoticity in Oldham (UK), using oral history interviews recorded in the 1980s, with speakers born between 1893 and 1929. We first account for the linguistic constraints on /r/ use and explore macro-level social patterns, where the women were more advanced in the change. We investigate this finding further using a modified version of the lectal focusing in interaction method (Sharma & Rampton 2015), tracking two speakers’ variation through the course of an interaction, and providing insight into the social meaning of rhoticity for these speakers. We suggest that, for them, rhoticity may be ideologically linked to tradition and older ways of life, and non-rhoticity may be ideologically linked to modernity and mobility, and the gender split may partly reflect the men and women's differing orientations to these concepts. We also evaluate the effectiveness of applying modern methods, such as LFI analysis, to archival data. (Rhoticity, social meaning, language variation and change, gender, sociophonetics)*
How the Media Uses the Phrase “Identity Politics”
Authors: Amira Karyn , Abraham Alexander
Published: June 2022

The phrase “identity politics” has experienced a recent surge in political discourse. However, its meaning varies for highly informed political groups, leaving the term definitionally vague for the general public. Second-level agenda-setting theory can be used to explain how this phrase is communicated to the public by the mass media, a crucial disseminator of political information. We used a quantitative content analysis of major US publications to examine the frequency of this phrase’s use and how it is presented to audiences. We found a surge in mentions beginning in 2016. We also found that it is tied more to the political Left, but there also is a fair amount of linkage to the political Right. The phrase also is portrayed negatively. We advocate for using political communication theories to track emerging political terms in the future.
Navigating the Academic Book-Publishing Process
Authors: Saiya Nilay
Published: June 2022

Many younger scholars have experience writing research articles and grant proposals but know relatively little about academic book publishing. Graduate training often provides little guidance to students regarding how to navigate the academic book-publishing process. This is unfortunate given that book publishing differs dramatically from publishing research articles. Drawing on the author’s own experiences and conversations with editors, this article provides concrete advise for first-time authors who hope to publish a scholarly book with a university press. The specific topics discussed include crafting proposals, finding appropriate presses, reaching out to editors, the peer-review process, securing and negotiating contracts, and production.
Losing the Present to History
Authors: Devji Faisal
Published: June 2022

Histories of the present are premised upon the loss of their subject, which is paradoxically deprived of its integrity by being tied back to the past. Attending to the present has been the prerogative of anticolonial and Cold War writing, for which the disconnection of present from past was crucial. If Gandhi, a critic of historical consciousness as a modality of imperialism, represented the former, Arendt did the latter kind of thinking. Histories of the present disregard these forms of thought, which stress rupture over continuity. This makes them Eurocentric almost by definition, as well as anti-global in their conceptualization. The attack on the US Capitol in January 2021 offers us an example of how an event, understood provincially within a Euro-American history of the present, can be globalised to quite different effect.
Past and Present in Japanese Historiography: Four Versions of Presentism
Authors: Young Louise
Published: June 2022

For many intellectual historians, presentism is viewed as a cardinal sin—linked to unreflective anachronism and the inappropriate projection of present-day values onto a very different past context. However, by embracing the ways in which the present inevitably shapes our modes of inquiry, our historical interests, and even the moral underpinnings of our analysis, we can find in the present tools that can make our history better, and help make sense of historical debates and controversies. This essay gives an account of Japanese historiography organized around four versions of presentism. The first is political presentism, an analytic lens that emerged in the “objectivity debate” over what constituted politicized scholarship and reflected the political antagonisms of the Cold War in Asia. Consciously or unconsciously, political convictions shape our scholarship. The second version is the presentism of social context. Each decade that followed the Asia–Pacific War possessed its particular zeitgeist, and histories written during those moments were products of their time. The third form of presentism is the connection between past and present via analogy or likeness: using a past event or person to understand the present and vice versa. To analogize past and present means finding a correspondence that makes the past feel familiar and less “other.” The fourth version of presentism is the project of contemporary history: the past in the present, the past leading to the present, the present as the starting point for historical inquiry.
Sequence of Multiple Slope Failures in the Headwall Area of the Giant Sahara Slide Complex at the NW African Continental Margin
Authors: Tang Q. , Geersen J. , Düring A. , Unverricht D. , Schneider von Deimling J. , Lenz K.‐F. , Li W. , Krastel S.
Published: June 2022

Submarine mega‐slides involving hundreds of cubic kilometers of slope material pose a major threat due to their potential to destroy offshore infrastructure and trigger devastating tsunamis. The Sahara Slide Complex affected about 50,000 km2 of the northwestern (NW) African continental margin. Previous studies focused either on its distal depositional zone or the uppermost headwall area, but failed in reconstructing the succession of individual slide events within the entire headwall area. New hydroacoustic data reveal a complex slide morphology including three main acoustic facies, large scale slide blocks, linear troughs, multiple glide planes and three major headwall scarps (the upper, southern and lower headwall). The evacuated slide scar hosts chaotic slide deposits that cover stratified sediments in the upper and southern headwall area, but are vertically stacked onto older slide deposits in the lower headwall area. Based on these observations, and dating of recently collected sediment samples, we reconstructed the history of slope failures that led to the formation of the structurally and morphologically complex headwall area of the Sahara Slide. Slope instability initiated when the lower headwall failed at ∼60 kyr, followed by the failure of the northeastern upper headwall at ∼14 kyr. Around 6 kyr, a major slide within the upper headwall area took place, followed by a series of smaller events within the southern and most‐proximal upper headwall area. The youngest of these slides occurred around 2 kyr. This scenario suggests a long‐lasting history of successive slope failures for the Sahara Slide Complex along the NW African continental slope.
Combining Dense Seismic Arrays and Broadband Data to Image the Subsurface Velocity Structure in Geothermally Active South‐Central Utah
Authors: Wells Daniel , Lin Fan‐Chi , Pankow Kristine , Baker Ben , Bartley John
Published: June 2022

South‐central Utah is characterized by Quaternary volcanism, current geothermal activity, and unusually high surface heat flux across the region. Additionally, there are three operating geothermal power plants in this region, known as the Sevier thermal area. This setting is very similar to that found in the Coso geothermal area. However, the source and lateral extent of subsurface heat in Utah is poorly understood. We use temporally separated geophone arrays combined with regional broadband data to perform ambient noise seismic tomography to study the subsurface shear velocity structure in the region. We find good recovery of ocean‐seism excited Rayleigh wave signals between the periods of 5 and 10 s. For each period, we measure the Rayleigh wave phase velocity and ellipticity across the region using the beamforming methodology and horizontal to vertical (H/V) amplitude ratio. Finally, we combine spline‐based 1D shear velocity models inverted using Rayleigh wave phase velocity and H/V measurements on a 2D, beamforming discretized grid to construct a final 3D model. The final 3D model has many similarities to imaged velocity models at the Coso geothermal area. We find a strong correlation between low velocity anomalies and high surface heat flux and geothermal activity. Additionally, we find a laterally continuous low‐velocity anomaly between 5 and 15 km depth, which may represent elevated temperature of hundreds of degrees Celsius, partial melt, and/or the presence of water, and a common heat source across the region which likely originates from the mantle.
Seasonal Cycle of Sea Surface Salinity in the Angola Upwelling System
Authors: Awo F. M. , Rouault M. , Ostrowski M. , Tomety F. S. , Da‐Allada C. Y. , Jouanno J.
Published: June 2022

The seasonal cycle of sea surface salinity (SSS) along the Angolan coast is investigated using observations and a regional ocean model. The model reproduces the main characteristic of the seasonal cycle of SSS along the Angolan coast, such as the freshwater discharge signature off the Congo River plume and the low‐salinity observed in February/March and October/November along the Angolan coast. The model also reproduces the two maxima of salinity in June/July and December/January. The analysis of the model salt budget reveals that the semi‐annual cycle of SSS is controlled by the meridional advection of surface water, the vertical advection of subsurface water, and the mixing at the base of the mixed layer. The meridional advection is controlled by the Angola Current which brings low‐salinity water from offshore region of the Congolese coast toward the south Angolan coast in February/March and October/November. The vertical advection contribution is modulated by the vertical stratification of salinity and not by vertical velocities which peak during the main Angolan upwelling season. The vertical stratification is due to the low‐salinity intrusion at the Angolan coast that creates a strong vertical salinity gradient with low‐salinity at the surface and high salinity at the subsurface.
NANOG initiates epiblast fate through the coordination of pluripotency genes expression
Authors: Allègre Nicolas , Chauveau Sabine , Dennis Cynthia , Renaud Yoan , Meistermann Dimitri , Estrella Lorena Valverde , Pouchin Pierre , Cohen-Tannoudji Michel , David Laurent , Chazaud Claire
Published: June 2022

The epiblast is the source of all mammalian embryonic tissues and of pluripotent embryonic stem cells. It differentiates alongside the primitive endoderm in a “salt and pepper” pattern from inner cell mass (ICM) progenitors during the preimplantation stages through the activity of NANOG, GATA6 and the FGF pathway. When and how epiblast lineage specification is initiated is still unclear. Here, we show that the coordinated expression of pluripotency markers defines epiblast identity. Conversely, ICM progenitor cells display random cell-to-cell variability in expression of various pluripotency markers, remarkably dissimilar from the epiblast signature and independently from NANOG, GATA6 and FGF activities. Coordination of pluripotency markers expression fails inNanogandGata6double KO (DKO) embryos. Collectively, our data suggest that NANOG triggers epiblast specification by ensuring the coordinated expression of pluripotency markers in a subset of cells, implying a stochastic mechanism. These features are likely conserved, as suggested by analysis of human embryos.
A bioinspired sequential energy transfer system constructed via supramolecular copolymerization
Authors: Han Yifei , Zhang Xiaolong , Ge Zhiqing , Gao Zhao , Liao Rui , Wang Feng
Published: June 2022

Sequential energy transfer is ubiquitous in natural light harvesting systems to make full use of solar energy. Although various artificial systems have been developed with the biomimetic sequential energy transfer character, most of them exhibit the overall energy transfer efficiency lower than 70% due to the disordered organization of donor/acceptor chromophores. Herein a sequential energy transfer system is constructed via supramolecular copolymerization of σ-platinated (hetero)acenes, by taking inspiration from the natural light harvesting of green photosynthetic bacteria. The absorption and emission transitions of the three designed σ-platinated (hetero)acenes range from visible to NIR region through structural variation. Structural similarity of these monomers faciliates supramolecular copolymerization in apolar media via the nucleation-elongation mechanism. The resulting supramolecular copolymers display long diffusion length of excitation energy (> 200 donor units) and high exciton migration rates (~1014 L mol−1 s−1), leading to an overall sequential energy transfer efficiency of 87.4% for the ternary copolymers. The superior properties originate from the dense packing of σ-platinated (hetero)acene monomers in supramolecular copolymers, mimicking the aggregation mode of bacteriochlorophyll pigments in green photosynthetic bacteria. Overall, directional supramolecular copolymerization of donor/acceptor chromophores with high energy transfer efficiency would provide new avenues toward artificial photosynthesis applications.
Kir2.1-mediated membrane potential promotes nutrient acquisition and inflammation through regulation of nutrient transporters
Authors: Yu Weiwei , Wang Zhen , Yu Xiafei , Zhao Yonghui , Xie Zili , Zhang Kailian , Chi Zhexu , Chen Sheng , Xu Ting , Jiang Danlu , Guo Xingchen , Li Mobai , Zhang Jian , Fang Hui , Yang Dehang , Guo Yuxian , Yang Xuyan , Zhang Xue , Wu Yingliang , Yang Wei , Wang Di
Published: June 2022

Immunometabolism contributes to inflammation, but how activated macrophages acquire extracellular nutrients to fuel inflammation is largely unknown. Here, we show that the plasma membrane potential (Vm) of macrophages mediated by Kir2.1, an inwardly-rectifying K+ channel, is an important determinant of nutrient acquisition and subsequent metabolic reprogramming promoting inflammation. In the absence of Kir2.1 activity, depolarized macrophage Vm lead to a caloric restriction state by limiting nutrient uptake and concomitant adaptations in nutrient conservation inducing autophagy, AMPK (Adenosine 5‘-monophosphate-activated protein kinase), and GCN2 (General control nonderepressible 2), which subsequently depletes epigenetic substrates feeding histone methylation at loci of a cluster of metabolism-responsive inflammatory genes, thereby suppressing their transcription. Kir2.1-mediated Vm supports nutrient uptake by facilitating cell-surface retention of nutrient transporters such as 4F2hc and GLUT1 by its modulation of plasma membrane phospholipid dynamics. Pharmacological targeting of Kir2.1 alleviated inflammation triggered by LPS or bacterial infection in a sepsis model and sterile inflammation in human samples. These findings identify an ionic control of macrophage activation and advance our understanding of the immunomodulatory properties of Vm that links nutrient inputs to inflammatory diseases.
Innate immune responses against the fungal pathogen Candida auris
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Zou Yun , Chen Xiaoqing , Li Hao , Yin Zhe , Zhang Baocai , Xu Yongbin , Zhang Yiquan , Zhang Rulin , Huang Xinhua , Yang Wenhui , Xu Chaoyue , Jiang Tong , Tang Qinyu , Zhou Zili , Ji Ying , Liu Yingqi , Hu Lingfei , Zhou Jia , Zhou Yao , Zhao Jingjun , Liu Ningning , Huang Guanghua , Chang Haishuang , Fang Wenxia , Chen Changbin , Zhou Dongsheng
Published: June 2022

Candida auris is a multidrug-resistant human fungal pathogen responsible for nosocomial outbreaks worldwide. Although considerable progress has increased our understanding of the biological and clinical aspects of C. auris, its interaction with the host immune system is only now beginning to be investigated in-depth. Here, we compare the innate immune responses induced by C. auris BJCA001 and Candida albicans SC5314 in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that C. auris BJCA001 appears to be less immunoinflammatory than C. albicans SC5314, and this differential response correlates with structural features of the cell wall.