bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meeting the challenge of managing visitor experiences at tourism attractions.
Authors: Taylor P. , Frost W. , Laing J.
Published: January 2017

This chapter begins by looking at the definition and classification of visitor attractions, before examining the dimensions of the tourism experience and factors that influence their attainment by visitors. It then identifies and discusses several conceptual frameworks that are relevant to the management of visitor experiences at attractions before concluding with a short case study that highlights how collaboration amongst stakeholders at one attraction (a long distance cycle trail in Southern New Zealand) is helping it to manage visitor experiences.
Managing nature-based visitors' perceived service quality, satisfaction and future behaviour intention.
Authors: Lee JooHyun Lee JooHyun , Thapa B.
Published: January 2017

Service quality, visitor satisfaction and future behavioural intention (i.e. repeat visitation) are a vital part of visitor management (VM) tools in nature-based tourism. This chapter first delineates each construct (service quality, satisfaction and future intention), and then discusses their interrelationships based on a case study at a nature-based destination, the Kafue National Park in Zambia.
Strategies for successful interpretation techniques in visitor attractions: the operationalization of guided tours in museums.
Authors: Durão M. , Carneiro M. J.
Published: January 2017

This chapter aims to stimulate reflection and discussion on the design and operationalization of guided tours. Initially, a literature review on guided tours is presented and an extensive list of features that should be taken into account in the implementation of guided tours is identified. Next, empirical research on the implementation of guided tours in a sample of Portuguese museums is carried out and the factors considered in their implementation are analysed. Finally, conclusions and implications relevant both to researchers and museum managers are provided.
Judaism - Jewish and Israeli pilgrimage experience: constructing national identity.
Authors: Inbari M.
Published: January 2017

This chapter provides contemporary and historical perspectives on Jewish pilgrimage. It reviews the tradition of Jewish pilgrimage to the ancient Temple, explains its purpose and meaning, and discusses the reasons for its termination. Modern pilgrimages to state-sponsored locations in Masada and to death camps in Poland such as Auschwitz-Birkenau, Majdenek and Treblinka are then be presented. The third type reviewed is a grassroots pilgrimage to a venerated saint's shrine which lies in Israel's periphery. It is argued that the modern Jewish pilgrimage experience continues an ancient custom (in the State of Israel and by diaspora), and it now exhibits both spiritual and national dimensions.
Protestants and pilgrimages: the Protestant infrastructure in Jerusalem.
Authors: Ariel Y.
Published: January 2017

This chapter studies the formation of Protestant pilgrimage infrastructure in Jerusalem from its early beginnings in the 1820s until 1948. It also explores the theological views that motivated or enhanced such projects. The chapter highlights the roots of pilgrimage infrastructure development and its consequences for modern-day religious tourism.
Violence During Imprisonment, Forensic Psychiatric Care, and Probation: Correlations and Predictive Validity of the Risk Assessment Instruments COVR, LSI-R, HCR-20V3, and SAPROF
Authors: Persson Mats , Belfrage Henrik , Fredriksson Björn , Kristiansson Marianne
Published: January 2017

This prospective, naturalistic, cohort study was designed to report the one-year rate of violence among Swedish forensic psychiatric clients, during forensic psychiatric care, prison, and probation. Another purpose was to validate the risk assessment instruments COVR, LSI-R, HCR-20V3, and SAPROF in these settings. We assessed 200 detainees undergoing a forensic psychiatric investigation in Stockholm by means of the four instruments, 193 of them were followed up for one year. Violent acts were committed by 23.3% of the participants, and occurred more often at forensic psychiatric hospitals than correctional settings. According to the analyses, the predictive validity was small for COVR (AUC = .61), medium for LSI-R (AUC = .70), and large for HCR-20V3 (AUC = .79) and SAPROF (AUC = .78).
Finding the start site: redefining the human initiator element
Authors: Kugel Jennifer F. , Goodrich James A.
Published: January 2017

Transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is dictated in part by core promoter elements, which are DNA sequences flanking the transcription start site (TSS) that help direct the proper initiation of transcription. Taking advantage of recent advances in genome-wide sequencing approaches, Vo ngoc and colleagues (pp. 6–11) identified transcripts with focused sites of initiation and found that many were transcribed from promoters containing a new consensus sequence for the human initiator (Inr) core promoter element.
Motif Finding
Authors: Hung Jui-Hung , Weng Zhiping
Published: February 2017

Here we provide an introduction to sequence motifs, including prediction of transcription factor-binding sites and general approaches to finding motifs enriched in a set of regulatory sequences.
Comparative study of structural phase transitions in bulk and powdered Fe–27Ga alloy by real-time neutron thermodiffractometry
Authors: Balagurov Anatoly M. , Golovin Igor S. , Bobrikov Ivan A. , Palacheva Valeria V. , Sumnikov Sergej V. , Zlokazov Victor B.
Published: January 2017

Phase transformations in an iron–gallium alloy have been analyzed by in situ real-time neutron diffraction in the temperature range from 293 to 1223 K. Two compositionally identical samples were studied: the first was in the as-cast bulk state, and the second was ground into a powdered state. In both samples, the same sequence of structural transitions was recorded on heating with a constant heating rate (D03 → A2 → L12 → D019 → A2), and the same structural state (D03 + L12) was recorded after slow cooling to room temperature. Owing to strong texture in the bulk sample, only diffraction patterns of the powdered sample were treated with the Rietveld method to determine the volume fractions of the coexisting phases, the coefficients of thermal expansion, and the thermal and static atomic disorder parameters. The occupancy of Ga positions and the ordered iron magnetic moment were refined at selected temperatures. The level of microstrain in the crystallites in the initial as-quenched state is small, but it sharply increases in the course of phase transitions when the alloy is heated. The microstrains are high and strongly anisotropic after slow cooling. Generally, phase transformations occur similarly in the powdered and bulk samples, but with a noticeable difference in details. The fulfilled analysis of the bulk and powdered samples allowed the real possibilities of the quantitative neutron diffraction analyses of phase transitions in ferromagnetic ordered alloys to be assessed.
Structure ofMethylobacterium extorquensmalyl-CoA lyase: CoA-substrate binding correlates with domain shift
Authors: González Javier M. , Marti-Arbona Ricardo , Chen Julian C.-H. , Unkefer Clifford J.
Published: January 2017

Malyl-CoA lyase (MCL) is an Mg2+-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reversible cleavage of (2S)-4-malyl-CoA to yield acetyl-CoA and glyoxylate. MCL enzymes, which are found in a variety of bacteria, are members of the citrate lyase-like family and are involved in the assimilation of one- and two-carbon compounds. Here, the 1.56 Å resolution X-ray crystal structure of MCL fromMethylobacterium extorquensAM1 with bound Mg2+is presented. Structural alignment with the closely relatedRhodobacter sphaeroidesmalyl-CoA lyase complexed with Mg2+, oxalate and CoA allows a detailed analysis of the domain motion of the enzyme caused by substrate binding. Alignment of the structures shows that a simple hinge motion centered on the conserved residues Phe268 and Thr269 moves the C-terminal domain by about 30° relative to the rest of the molecule. This domain motion positions a conserved aspartate residue located in the C-terminal domain in the active site of the adjacent monomer, which may serve as a general acid/base in the catalytic mechanism.
A convergence-guaranteed particle swarm optimization method for mobile robot global path planning
Authors: Tang Biwei , Zhanxia Zhu , Luo Jianjun
Published: January 2017

Purpose

Aiming at obtaining a high-quality global path for a mobile robot which works in complex environments, a modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, named random-disturbance self-adaptive particle swarm optimization (RDSAPSO), is proposed in this paper.

Design/methodology/approach

A perturbed global updating mechanism is introduced to the global best position to avoid stagnation in RDSAPSO. Moreover, a new self-adaptive strategy is proposed to fine-tune the three control parameters in RDSAPSO to dynamically adjust the exploration and exploitation capabilities of RDSAPSO. Because the convergence of PSO is paramount and influences the quality of the generated path, this paper also analytically investigates the convergence of RDSAPSO and provides a convergence-guaranteed parameter selection principle for RDSAPSO. Finally, a RDSAPSO-based global path planning (GPP) method is developed, in which the feasibility-based rule is applied to handle the constraint of the problem.

Findings

In an attempt to validate the proposed method, it is compared against six state-of-the-art evolutionary methods under three different numerical simulations. The simulation results confirm that the proposed method is highly competitive in terms of the path optimality. Moreover, the computation time of the proposed method is comparable with those of the other compared methods.

Originality/value

Therefore, the proposed method can be considered as a vital alternative in the field of GPP.
Mathematical model of robotic assembly by means of adaptation and low-frequency vibration
Authors: Vartanov Michael V. , Bojkova Leonarda V. , Zinina Inna N.
Published: January 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to define the conditions for a failsafe coupling of parts when using adaptation and low-frequency vibrations. A model enables us to determine the reaction at the contact points of parts and time-based contact conditions changes. Therefore, the conditions of jamming parts can be defined in the process of conjugation.

Design/methodology/approach

A mathematical model describing the trajectory of the part mass center in robotic assembly is created. An experimental equipment is also presented in the paper. Convergence of theoretical and experimental results that characterize the reliability of processes is estimated.

Findings

The mathematical model of the connection process dynamics is found in the form of Lagrange’s equations of the second kind.

Originality/value

Applying low-frequency vibration and the adaptive gripper is proposed to extend technological capabilities of robotic assembly.
Design methodology for a hybrid part feeding system in lean-based assembly lines
Authors: Karadayi Usta Saliha , Oksuz Mehmet Kursat , Durmusoglu Mehmet Bulent
Published: January 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to propose a combined methodology to help decision makers in evaluating and selecting the most effective part feeding system.

Design/methodology/approach

As a first step of the methodology, a hierarchical clustering analysis is applied to design a kitting or hybrid feeding system. Second, activity-based costing methodology is applied to determine which system is better according to their costs. Besides, sensitivity analysis is implemented to observe the behavior of the system in case of the takt time changes.

Findings

Using kitting systems purely can lead to problems because of the big and expensive parts in the mixed-model assembly systems. Therefore, the hybrid feeding policy can provide better solutions for such systems.

Research limitations/implications

A case study is conducted in a company and the most produced product of the company is considered to design the part feeding system. Results indicated that transportation cost has a large proportion on the total cost and the hybrid feeding policy may be a good solution to reduce this cost.

Practical implications

The paper includes implications for the design of hybrid feeding systems in lean-based assembly lines. The proposed methodology may be a practical tool for decision makers to design and decide on the part feeding policy.

Originality/value

Kitting design has not been studied yet to the best of the authors’ knowledge. Besides, there is no certain decision methodology indicating which system is better. In this study, different methods are combined as a new methodology with the purpose of industrial decision-making.
Escaping the healthcare leadership cul-de-sac
Authors: Edmonstone John Duncan
Published: January 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to propose that healthcare is dominated by a managerialist ideology, powerfully shaped by business schools and embodied in the Masters in Business Administration. It suggests that there may be unconscious collusion between universities, healthcare employers and student leaders and managers.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a review of relevant literature, the paper examines critiques of managerialism generally and explores the assumptions behind leadership development. It draws upon work which suggests that leading in healthcare organisations is fundamentally different and proposes that leadership development should be more practice-based.

Findings

The way forward for higher education institutions is to include work- or practice-based approaches alongside academic approaches.

Practical implications

The paper suggests that there is a challenge for higher education institutions to adopt and integrate practice-based development methods into their programme designs.

Originality/value

The paper provides a challenge to the future role of higher education institutions in developing leadership in healthcare.
An integrative discourse perspective on positive leadership in public health care
Authors: Pietiläinen Ville , Salmi Ilkka
Published: January 2017

Purpose

This study aims to take a discursive view on positive leadership (PL). A positive approach has gained momentum in recent years as appropriate leadership practices are implemented in organizations. Despite the turn toward discursive approaches in organization studies, there is insufficient evidence supporting PL as a socially constructed experience.

Design/methodology/approach

The present study addresses an integrative discourse perspective for capturing the PL concept as a social process within the public health-care context.

Findings

Four meanings of PL are highlighted: role-taking, servicing, balancing and deciphering.

Research limitations/implications

The meanings shift the emphasis of certain PL definitions to a contextual interpretation. For scholars, the perspective demonstrates a multidimensional process approach in the desired organizational context as a counterbalance to one unanimously agreed-upon PL definition.

Practical implications

For leaders, an integrative discourse perspective offers tools for comprehending PL as a process: how to identify, negotiate and reconcile various PL meanings.

Originality/value

An integrative discourse perspective provides a novel perspective capturing the PL concept within the public health-care field.
Poor comprehenders in English‐only and English language learners: influence of morphological analysis during incidental word learning
Authors: Zhang Jie , Shulley Leah
Published: January 2017

This study investigated whether weakness in using morphological analysis to infer new word meanings during reading is a source of poor text comprehension and the relative importance of psycholinguistic and cognitive factors as contributors of poor text comprehension in English‐only and English language learners. Thirty‐seven poor comprehenders and 44 typical readers in fourth and fifth grades in the United States were identified. Students were assessed on incidental word learning, vocabulary, morphological awareness, working memory and short‐term memory. Results showed that poor comprehenders were less able to use morphological analysis to interpret unfamiliar words while reading after controlling for vocabulary and morphological awareness. Vocabulary, morphological awareness and incidental word learning better discriminated the membership of poor comprehenders versus typical readers than working memory and short‐term memory in both English‐only and English language learners. The findings underscore the importance of lexical inferencing skills in reading comprehension regardless of language group.

What is already known about this topic

Poor comprehenders have weaknesses in oral language and working memory.

Poor comprehenders have difficulties in some aspects of morphological awareness.

What this paper adds

Poor comprehenders are less able to use morphological analysis to interpret unfamiliar words while reading compared with typical readers.

Poor comprehenders display weakness in all aspects (relational, syntactic and structural) of morphological awareness.

Vocabulary, morphological awareness and incidental word learning can better classify poor comprehenders versus typical readers than working memory and short‐term memory.

Implications for theory, policy or practice

Cognitive and psycholinguistic profiles of English‐only and English language learners are highly similar.

Teachers should support the use of morphology while reading.
Does the Regulatory Environment Affect Nurse Practitioners’ Patterns of Practice or Quality of Care in Health Centers?
Authors: Kurtzman Ellen T. , Barnow Burt S. , Johnson Jean E. , Simmens Samuel J. , Infeld Donna Lind , Mullan Fitzhugh
Published: January 2017

Objective

To examine the impact of state‐granted nurse practitioner (NP) independence on patient‐level quality, service utilization, and referrals.

Data Sources/Study Setting

The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey's community health center (HC) subsample (2006–2011). Primary analyses included approximately 6,500 patient visits to 350 NPs in 220 HCs.

Study Design

Propensity score matching and multivariate regression analysis were used to estimate the impact of state‐granted NP independence on each outcome, separately. Estimates were adjusted for sampling weights and NAMCS’s complex design.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

Every “NP‐patient visit unit” was isolated using practitioner and patient visit codes and, using geographic identifiers, assigned to its state‐year and that state‐year's level of NP independence based on scope of practice policies. Nine outcomes were specified using ICD‐9 codes, standardized drug classification codes, and NAMCS survey items.

Principal Findings

After matching, no statistically significant differences in quality were detected by states’ independence status, although NP visits in states with prescriptive independence received more educational services (aIRR 1.66; 95 percent CI 1.09–2.53; p = .02) and medications (aIRR 1.26; 95 percent CI 1.04–1.53; p = .02), and NP visits in states with practice independence had a higher odds of receiving physician referrals (AOR 1.88; 95 percent CI 1.10–3.22; p = .02) than those in restricted states.

Conclusions

Findings do not support a quality–scope of practice relationship.
Importance of producing economic compounds to combat cancer
Authors: Muñoz‐Rojas Jesús
Published: January 2017

The manuscript published by Microb Biotechnol, volume 10, highlights the relevance of the fungus Nigrospora sphaerica, an endophyte isolated from Catharanthus roseus, as an alternative source to obtain vinblastine, a compound used in chemotherapy schemes to treat several types of cancer. Authors showed that purification of vinblastine from extracts of the fungus has higher activity and yield in comparison with that obtained from the plant Catharanthus roseus. This work represents a biotechnological approach to obtain vinblastine with promising results to decrease the production cost.
Selecting simultaneous actions of different durations to optimally manage an ecological network
Authors: Péron Martin , Jansen Cassie C. , Mantyka‐Pringle Chrystal , Nicol Sam , Schellhorn Nancy A. , Becker Kai Helge , Chadès Iadine
Published: January 2017

Species management requires decision‐making under uncertainty. Given a management objective and limited budget, managers need to decide what to do, and where and when to do it. A schedule of management actions that achieves the best performance is an optimal policy. A popular optimisation technique used to find optimal policies in ecology and conservation is stochastic dynamic programming (SDP). Most SDP approaches can only accommodate actions of equal durations. However, in many situations, actions take time to implement or cannot change rapidly. Calculating the optimal policy of such problems is computationally demanding and becomes intractable for large problems. Here, we address the problem of implementing several actions of different durations simultaneously.

We demonstrate analytically that synchronising actions and their durations provide upper and lower bounds of the optimal performance. These bounds provide a simple way to evaluate the performance of any policy, including rules of thumb. We apply this approach to the management of a dynamic ecological network of Aedes albopictus, an invasive mosquito that vectors human diseases. The objective is to prevent mosquitoes from colonising mainland Australia from the nearby Torres Straits Islands where managers must decide between management actions that differ in duration and effectiveness.

We were unable to compute an optimal policy for more than eight islands out of 17, but obtained upper and lower bounds for up to 13 islands. These bounds are within 16% of an optimal policy. We used the bounds to recommend managing highly populated islands as a priority.

Our approach calculates upper and lower bounds for the optimal policy by solving simpler problems that are guaranteed to perform better and worse than the optimal policy respectively. By providing bounds on the optimal solution, the performance of policies can be evaluated even if the optimal policy cannot be calculated. Our general approach can be replicated for problems where simultaneous actions of different durations need to be implemented.
The recovery community as a location for secular spirituality
Authors: Kurtz Linda Farris
Published: January 2017

Commentary to: Is Alcoholics Anonymous religious, spiritual, neither? Findings from 25 years of mechanisms of behavior change research
The water channel AQP1 is expressed in human atherosclerotic vascular lesions and AQP1 deficiency augments angiotensin II‐induced atherosclerosis in mice
Authors: Wintmo P. , Johansen S. H. , Hansen P. B. L. , Lindholt J. S. , Urbonavicius S. , Rasmussen L. M. , Bie P. , Jensen B. L. , Stubbe J.
Published: January 2017

Aim

The water channel aquaporin 1 (AQP1) promotes endothelial cell migration. It was hypothesized that AQP1 promotes neovascularization and growth of atherosclerotic plaques.

Methods

AQP1 immunoreactivity and protein abundance was examined in human and murine atherosclerotic lesions and aortic aneurysms. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout (−/−) and AQP1−/−ApoE−/− mice were developed and fed Western diet (WD) for 8 and 16 weeks to accelerate the atherosclerosis process. In ApoE−/− and AQP1−/−ApoE−/− mice abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) were induced by angiotensin II (ANGII) infusion by osmotic minipumps for 4 weeks.

Results

In human atherosclerotic lesions and AAA, AQP1 immunoreactive protein was associated with intralesional small vessels. In ApoE−/− mouse aorta, APQ1 mRNA levels were increased with time on WD (n = 7–9, P < 0.003). Both in murine lesions at the aortic root and in the abdominal aortic aneurysmal wall, AQP1 immunoreactivity was associated with microvascular structures. The atherosclerotic lesion burden was enhanced significantly in ANGII‐infused AQP1−/−ApoE−/− mice compared with ApoE−/− mice, but neither incidence nor progression of AAA was different. The aortic lesion burden increased with time on WD but was not different between ApoE−/− and AQP1−/−ApoE−/− mice at either 8 or 16 weeks (n = 13–15). Baseline blood pressure and ANGII‐induced hypertension were not different between genotypes.

Conclusion

AQP1 is expressed in atherosclerotic lesion neovasculature in human and mouse arteries and AQP1 deficiency augments lesion development in ANGII‐promoted atherosclerosis in mice. Normal function of AQP1 affords cardiovascular protection.
Nocturia increases the incidence of depressive symptoms: a longitudinal study of the HEIJO‐KYO cohort
Authors: Obayashi Kenji , Saeki Keigo , Negoro Hiromitsu , Kurumatani Norio
Published: January 2017

Objectives

To evaluate the association between nocturia and the incidence of depressive symptoms.

Participants and Methods

Of 1 127 participants in the HEIJO‐KYO population‐based cohort, 866 elderly individuals (mean age 71.5 years) without depressive symptoms at baseline were followed for a median period of 23 months. Nocturnal voiding frequency was logged using a standardized urination diary and nocturia was defined as a frequency of ≥2 voids per night. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale.

Results

During the follow‐up period, 75 participants reported the development of depressive symptoms (score ≥6). The nocturia group (n = 239) exhibited a significantly higher hazard ratio (HR) for incident depressive symptoms than the non‐nocturia group (n = 627) in the Cox proportional hazard model, which was adjusted for age, gender, alcohol consumption, day length and presence of hypertension and chronic kidney disease (HR 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–2.72; P = 0.032]. The significance remained after adjustment for sleep disturbances (HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.02–2.75; P = 0.040). Analysis stratified by gender showed that the association between nocturia and the incidence of depressive symptoms was significant in men (HR 2.51, 95% CI 1.27–4.97; P = 0.008) but not in women (HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.53–2.44; P = 0.74).

Conclusions

Nocturia is significantly associated with a higher incidence of depressive symptoms in the general elderly population, and gender differences may underlie this association.
A key role for tetrahydrobiopterin‐dependent endothelial NOS regulation in resistance arteries: studies in endothelial cell tetrahydrobiopterin‐deficient mice
Authors: Chuaiphichai Surawee , Crabtree Mark J , Mcneill Eileen , Hale Ashley B , Trelfa Lucy , Channon Keith M , Douglas Gillian
Published: January 2017

Background and Purpose

The cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a critical regulator of endothelial NOS (eNOS) function, eNOS‐derived NO and ROS signalling in vascular physiology. To determine the physiological requirement for de novo endothelial cell BH4 synthesis for the vasomotor function of resistance arteries, we have generated a mouse model with endothelial cell‐specific deletion of Gch1, encoding GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GTPCH), an essential enzyme for BH4 biosynthesis, and evaluated BH4‐dependent eNOS regulation, eNOS‐derived NO and ROS generation.

Experimental Approach

The reactivity of mouse second‐order mesenteric arteries was assessed by wire myography. High performance liquid chromatography was used to determine BH4, BH2 and biopterin. Western blotting was used for expression analysis.

Key Results

Gch1fl/flTie2cre mice demonstrated reduced GTPCH protein and BH4 levels in mesenteric arteries. Deficiency in endothelial cell BH4 leads to eNOS uncoupling, increased ROS production and loss of NO generation in mesenteric arteries of Gch1fl/flTie2cre mice. Gch1fl/flTie2cre mesenteric arteries had enhanced vasoconstriction to U46619 and phenylephrine, which was abolished by L‐NAME. Endothelium‐dependent vasodilatations to ACh and SLIGRL were impaired in mesenteric arteries from Gch1fl/flTie2cre mice, compared with those from wild‐type littermates. Loss of eNOS‐derived NO‐mediated vasodilatation was associated with increased eNOS‐derived H2O2 and cyclooxygenase‐derived vasodilator in Gch1fl/flTie2cre mesenteric arteries.

Conclusions and Implications

Endothelial cell Gch1 and BH4‐dependent eNOS regulation play pivotal roles in maintaining vascular homeostasis in resistance arteries. Therefore, targeting vascular Gch1 and BH4 biosynthesis may provide a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of microvascular dysfunction in patients with cardiovascular disease.
Working with the whole family: What case files tell us about social work practices
Authors: Laird Siobhan E. , Morris Kate , Archard Philip , Clawson Rachael
Published: January 2017

Practice theories to support child protection social work in the United Kingdom, as in the United States and Australia, are being squeezed out by a focus on performance targets and procedural timescales. This study examines an innovative programme designed to reverse this trend initiated by an English local government authority. The programme aimed to embed systemic family practice in situations where children are deemed to be at risk of harm. The findings, derived from an analysis of a case file sample, indicate that the social worker interaction with family members is predicated on who is living with the child in conjunction with the risk status of the case file. Conversely, practitioner interactions with family members are divorced from family structure and the lived experiences of kin relationships. This study concludes by examining why, despite training in systemic family practice, it was problematic for social workers to integrate it into their encounters with families.
Some properties of a thickener for preparing inkjet printing ink for nylon carpet
Authors: Zhou Chang E. , Zhang Qing , Kan Chi‐wai
Published: January 2017

The properties of a thickener for nylon carpet inkjet printing are presented in this work. A water‐based ink was prepared from polyacrylate‐based thickener. The physical and chemical properties of the polyacrylate‐based thickener used for preparing the inkjet printing ink, as well as its printing effects on carpet, were investigated. Before printing, the properties of the ink, including its surface tension, electrolyte resistance, storage stability, and percentage removal, were investigated. After printing, the efficiency of coloration of printed carpet and the fastness of printed carpet were studied. The results concerning the surface tension and percentage removal of printing ink show that the polyacrylate‐based thickener printing ink is suitable for nylon carpet inkjet printing. Meanwhile, its storage stability and electrolyte resistance make it suitable for printing. The efficiency of coloration of printed carpet and the fastness of printed carpet satisfy the requirements of application at appropriate ink concentration and viscosity.
Eosinophilic intestinal diseases of the horse
Authors: Schumacher J. , Legere R.
Published: January 2017

Eosinophilic intestinal diseases of the horse are not commonly reported. Similar diseases are reported in man, but for either species, these eosinophilic diseases, are poorly understood. Eosinophilic intestinal disease may be accompanied by eosinophilic disease of other organs, or eosinophilia may be restricted to the intestine. When infiltration of eosinophils is restricted to the intestine, horses have a good prognosis for resolution of clinical signs, even though the treatment may include celiotomy with intestinal decompression or resection and administration of a corticosteroid. When eosinophilic intestinal disease is accompanied by infiltration of other organs, such as skin, pancreas, lungs or liver, the horse's prognosis for survival is very poor.
The Effect of Color Training of Dental Students' on Dental Shades Matching Quality
Authors: Alfouzan Afnan F. , Alqahtani Hussam M. , Tashkandi Esam A.
Published: January 2017

Objective

To assess the effect of color training on the dental shade matching quality of dental students of both gender and to study the need to include lectures and exercises about shade selection in the undergraduate dental curriculum.

Materials and Methods

One hundred and twenty junior dental students from the College of Dentistry at King Saud University participated in the present study and were distributed randomly into four testing groups. They were asked to match the color of four target shade tabs from the VITA Linearguide 3D‐MASTER. Group 1 attended a brief lecture and a training exercise about dental shade matching, Group 2 only attended the lecture, and Group 3 only performed the training exercise. Group 4 did not participate in the lecture or the training exercise and served as a control. Exact matching rates were calculated and analyzed to determine the pre‐ and post‐test matching values. Three way repeated measures analysis of variance, paired t test, and independent t‐test were used to compare shade matching quality, with a significance level of p < 0.05.

Results

There was a significant difference between the pre‐ and post‐test values for the students' dental shade matching qualities for all of the test groups.

Conclusion

The effectiveness of the dental shade matching training about color and dental shade matching for improving the students' shade matching quality was proven for both genders.

Clinical Significance

Training can improve shade matching quality of dental students. (J Esthet Restor Dent 29:346–351, 2017)
Dementia, cognitive impairment and proton pump inhibitor therapy: A systematic review
Authors: Batchelor Riley , Gilmartin Julia Fiona‐Maree , Kemp William , Hopper Ingrid , Liew Danny
Published: January 2017

Background and Aim

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most widely used medications worldwide. Dementia is an increasingly common cause of disability in older populations. Recent studies have suggested an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia diagnosis among people who consume PPIs. This systematic review explores dementia, cognitive impairment, and the use of PPIs.

Methods

Systematic searches were conducted in the databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PSYCinfo, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov for articles published from inception to June 30, 2016. Primary outcomes of interest were the use of PPIs and diagnosis of dementia or acute cognitive impairment. Studies conducted on people aged less than 18 years old were excluded. All study designs were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers independently assessed study quality and extracted data from included studies.

Results

The systematic search strategy and screening process yielded 11 studies for inclusion in the systematic review. Four studies explored PPI use and dementia, and seven studies explored PPI use and acute cognitive impairment. Three of the four studies exploring dementia identified a positive association with PPI use. A positive association was also observed in the majority of studies exploring acute cognitive impairment.

Conclusions

Based on the current published literature, this systematic review has identified that the reported association between PPI use and dementia is limited by methodological issues and conflicting results. Further longitudinal studies with robust bias limitation are required to explore the use of PPIs and dementia or acute cognitive impairment, and to ascertain the existence of any causal relationships.
Demonic Influence: The Negative Mental Health Effects of Belief in Demons
Authors: Nie Fanhao , Olson Daniel V. A.
Published: January 2017

Many religious traditions include a belief in the reality of demonic beings and evil powers. Previous research demonstrates that comforting beliefs, such as believing in an afterlife, can benefit mental health, but less is known about the potentially negative mental health effects of belief in evil supernatural powers. In cross‐sectional analyses, we find that among young adults, believing in demons is one of the strongest (negative) predictors of mental health. More importantly, using three waves of the National Study of Youth and Religion and a cross‐lagged structural equation model, we find that belief in demons can lead to lowered mental health in later waves but low mental health does not lead to greater belief in demons. In fact, when predicting changes in mental health from wave 2 to wave 3 of the study, the negative effect size of belief in demons on mental health is larger in magnitude than all other religion‐related predictors.
Calibrating a physical model based on Geant4 to calculate cosmogenic nuclide production rates on lunar surface
Authors: Chen Jian , Dong Tiekuang , Ren Zhongzhou
Published: January 2017

A physical model based on the open‐source toolkit Geant4 for production rates of cosmogenic nuclei on the lunar surface is proposed and calibrated. The fluxes of proton and neutron beneath the lunar surface are obtained by simulating the physical processes between the cosmic‐ray particles and the lunar surface material. By combining the experimental proton cross sections and the a posteriori neutron cross sections, we calculate the production rate depth profiles of long‐lived nuclei (10Be, 14C, 26Al, 36Cl, and 53Mn). Through comparing experimental and theoretical data for these nuclei, we find that for all the selected nuclei, experimental and theoretical production rate depth profiles agree well with each other by introducing a single normalization factor. It means that the physical model based on Geant4 can also reproduce the depth profiles of cosmogenic nuclei, and that this model can be used by everyone worldwide. In addition, we predict the production rates of three stable nuclei (21Ne, 22Ne, and 38Ar).
Divine Antecedence and Pretemporal Election
Authors: Keenan Oliver James
Published: January 2017

The dispute between two of Princeton Theological Seminary's leading Barth scholars concerning theological ontology invites engagement from the contemporary Thomistic tradition. On the one hand, McCormack argues that, in a fully Barthian theological ontology, divine triunity is constituted by the pretemporal election of Jesus Christ. On the other hand, Hunsinger contends that this election is expressive of an antecedent trinity. In the light of scholastic disputes between Dominican and Franciscan theologians, McCormack's proposal is seen to resemble aspects of the Bonaventurean account of triune relationality, particularly the account of procession as constitutive of personal distinction and the affirmation of a primordial ‘primity’ adhering to the Father's innascibility. Whilst McCormack seeks to avoid an undetermined originary plenitude, his treatment of the divine attributes as logically consequent to election risks attributing to pretemporality a status akin to originary primity. Affirming, with Hunsinger, an eternal trinity antecedent to election, the Thomistic tradition nonetheless contains the resources necessary to prevent this antecedence becoming a dissociative antecedence. As such, Thomism preserves divine aseity whilst equally safeguarding against the disconnection of logos asarkos from logos incarnandus that McCormack regards as an unwarranted metaphysical speculation that bypasses the particularity of revelation in Jesus Christ.
Effect of sustained low efficient dialysis versus continuous renal replacement therapy on renal recovery after acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kovacs Bernadett , Sullivan Katrina J , Hiremath Swapnil , Patel Rakesh V
Published: January 2017

Critically ill adults with acute kidney injury (AKI) experience considerable morbidity and mortality. Controversy remains regarding the optimal renal replacement intervention for these patients. Our systematic review aimed to determine the effect(s) of sustained low‐efficiency dialysis (SLED) compared with continuous renal replacement (CRRT) therapy on relevant patient outcomes. A systematic search of Medline, Embase, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library was conducted. Identified citations were screened independently in duplicate for relevance, and the methodological quality of included studies was evaluated. Data were extracted on study, patient and intervention characteristics and relevant clinical outcomes. Results were pooled using inverse variance fixed and random effects meta‐analysis. A total of 1564 patients from 18 studies were included. Meta‐analysis results indicated no statistically significant difference in our primary outcome, overall proportion of renal recovery (risk ratio (RR) 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63–1.20, I2 = 66%). No significant difference was observed for the secondary outcome of time to renal recovery (mean difference 1.33, 95% CI 0.23–2.88, I2 = 0%). Statistically, SLED was marginally favoured over CRRT for the secondary outcome of mortality (RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.02–1.43, I2 = 47%); however, this diminished when sensitivity analysis of only randomized controlled trials was conducted (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.00–1.57, I2 = 0%). There appears to be no clear for advantage continuous renal replacement in the hemodynamically unstable patient. Currently, both modalities are safe and effective means of treating AKI in the critically ill adult.
Hepatocarcinogenesis in multidrug‐resistant P‐glycoprotein 3 deficiency
Authors: Vij Mukul , Shanmugam Naresh P. , Reddy Mettu Srinivas , Govil Sanjay , Rela Mohamed
Published: January 2017

MDR3 is a hepatocyte canalicular membrane protein encoded by the ABCB4 gene located on chromosome 7. MDR3 mediates the translocation of phosphatidylcholine into bile. Severe MDR 3 deficiency typically presents during early childhood with chronic cholestasis evolving to cirrhosis and portal hypertension, requiring liver transplantation. Herein, we report a case of severe MDR3 deficiency in a male child diagnosed with negative MDR3 immunostaining in hepatic canaliculi who underwent LDLT at our centre. We also describe single incidentally detected early well‐differentiated HCC in the explant liver. The patient is on regular follow‐up and is doing well. Our report shows that MDR3 deficiency may be a risk factor for the development of HCC.
Discursive Representation within the Institutional Void: The Rise and Fall of a Governance Network on Sustainable Food in Belgium
Authors: Crivits Maarten , de Krom Michiel P.M.M , Dessein Joost , Block Thomas
Published: January 2017

Recently, democratic theorists have turned their attention to political representation. This renewed attention is inspired by a questioning of the formalist interpretation of representative government that presumes a strict division between elected political elites and deliberative participation in the public sphere. Several scholars argue that the standard account of representative democracy based on residence‐based and electoral representation does not suffice to explain contemporary political practice. Representation, then, becomes a ‘practice’ in which the object of representation and the grounds on which it is defended, co‐determine ‘who’ and ‘what’ is considered politically legitimate and how ‘interests’ are to be represented. In this paper we explore how discursive interaction on political representation takes place in an ‘institutional void’, i.e. a political setting in which there are no clear rules and norms to which politics is to be conducted. We base our analysis on an interpretative reconstruction of the rise and fall of a sustainability governance process in the Flemish agro‐food domain called the New Food Frontier (NFF). We claim to have found several interacting political conceptions, that operated on both explicit and more tacit levels, which particularly shaped the political interventions within the institutional void of the NFF. Analysis reveals that the dominant/initial conception of the studied political process has strong affinities with Dryzek's ideas on discursive representation. Competing claims on how political representation should work were linked to neo‐corporatism and transition management. We analyze how these competing conceptions play in the organization, articulation and disintegration of the governance network. Secondly, we relate this deliberative ‘outcome’ to the broader political setting in which the sustainability governance trajectory was embedded. In this context, a re‐negotiation of the rules of the game within a new governance setting and the relationship with institutionalized politics proved to be important factors in explaining the discontinuity of the process of discursive representation.
New insights in HLA‐E polymorphism by refined analysis of the full‐length gene
Authors: Olieslagers T. I. , Voorter C. E. M. , Groeneweg M. , Xu Y. , Wieten L. , Tilanus M. G. J.
Published: January 2017

Background

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐E is a non‐classical HLA class I molecule that plays a role in both the innate and the adaptive immune response through interaction with receptors on natural killer‐ and T‐cells. The HLA‐E gene is characterized by limited polymorphism compared with the classical HLA loci on chromosome 6. At the start of this study, only 13 variable sites had been identified (IPD‐IMGT/HLA Database v3.18.0). While most previous studies focused on polymorphism in exons 2 and 3 or specific gene regions, polymorphism in the other exons and introns could influence protein expression and function as well. Studies that investigate extended HLA‐E polymorphism are therefore needed to better understand the functional relevance of HLA‐E in health and disease.

Aims

The aim of this study was to examine the variability of the full‐length HLA‐E gene region in individuals originating from different populations.

Materials and Methods/Results

A total of 7 new HLA‐E alleles were identified using full‐length HLA‐E sequencing of 123 individuals from Asian, Dutch or Hunan Han origin. Furthermore, genome variation analysis of the third phase of the 1000 genomes database showed 107 new variable sites in 2504 individuals originating from 26 different populations.

Discussion and Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that the nucleotide variability of the HLA‐E gene is much higher than previously known, albeit in only a limited number of individuals. Overall only 2 variants, HLA‐E*01:01 and *01:03, are frequently present worldwide, suggesting that balancing selection is acting on HLA‐E.