bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aggrecan, the Primary Weight-Bearing Cartilage Proteoglycan, Has Context-Dependent, Cell-Directive Properties in Embryonic Development and Neurogenesis: Aggrecan Glycan Side Chain Modifications Convey Interactive Biodiversity
Authors: Hayes Anthony J , Melrose James
Published: August 2020

This review examines aggrecan’s roles in developmental embryonic tissues, in tissues undergoing morphogenetic transition and in mature weight-bearing tissues. Aggrecan is a remarkably versatile and capable proteoglycan (PG) with diverse tissue context-dependent functional attributes beyond its established role as a weight-bearing PG. The aggrecan core protein provides a template which can be variably decorated with a number of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains including keratan sulphate (KS), human natural killer trisaccharide (HNK-1) and chondroitin sulphate (CS). These convey unique tissue-specific functional properties in water imbibition, space-filling, matrix stabilisation or embryonic cellular regulation. Aggrecan also interacts with morphogens and growth factors directing tissue morphogenesis, remodelling and metaplasia. HNK-1 aggrecan glycoforms direct neural crest cell migration in embryonic development and is neuroprotective in perineuronal nets in the brain. The ability of the aggrecan core protein to assemble CS and KS chains at high density equips cartilage aggrecan with its well-known water-imbibing and weight-bearing properties. The importance of specific arrangements of GAG chains on aggrecan in all its forms is also a primary morphogenetic functional determinant providing aggrecan with unique tissue context dependent regulatory properties. The versatility displayed by aggrecan in biodiverse contexts is a function of its GAG side chains.
Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma of Larynx and Hypopharynx: A Rare Clinicopathological Entity
Authors: Faisal Muhammad , Hartenbach Sabrina , Schratter Annemarie , Köstler Wolfgang J. , Kaufmann Hannes , Seemann Rudolf , Lill Claudia , Hamzavi Sasan , Wutzl Arno , Erovic Boban M.
Published: August 2020

(1) Background: Lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the hypopharynx and larynx is a rare tumor with fewer than 50 cases in the published literature. We present a literature review to discuss the clinical findings, viral or genetic associations, diagnostic challenges, histopathological findings and therapeutic aspects of the disease. (2) Methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed through MEDLINE/PubMed from 1968 to 2018. We identified 21 studies comprising 46 patients. Data on all the clinicopathological features, diagnostic modalities, treatment options and viral or genetic etiology were extracted and analyzed using SPSS. (3) Results: The mean age of presentation was 64 years (range 40–82 years) and mostly involved males. The supraglottis and pyriform sinus were the most commonly involved sub-sites, with surgery as the preferred treatment modality. The presence of the Epstein–Barr virus possibly directs a viral etiology. The incidence of cervical and distant metastasis was 54% and 21%, respectively. The median survival time was 30 months. (4) Conclusions: Lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the hypopharynx is an aggressive tumor with a strong predilection for regional and distant metastasis. Surgery, in combination with adjuvant therapy, provides promising results. Immunohistochemistry helps in differentiating LEC from other pathologies.
The Level of Preoperative Plasma KRAS Mutations and CEA Predict Survival of Patients Undergoing Surgery for Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases
Authors: Polivka Jiri , Windrichova Jindra , Pesta Martin , Houfkova Katerina , Rezackova Hana , Macanova Tereza , Vycital Ondrej , Kucera Radek , Slouka David , Topolcan Ondrej
Published: August 2020

Colorectal cancer (CRC) belongs to the most common cancers. The liver is a predominant site of CRC dissemination. Novel biomarkers for predicting the survival of CRC patients with liver metastases (CLM) undergoing metastasectomy are needed. We examined KRAS mutated circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) in CLM patients as a prognostic biomarker, independently or in combination with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Thereby, a total of 71 CLM were retrospectively analyzed. Seven KRAS G12/G13 mutations was analyzed by a ddPCR™ KRAS G12/G13 Screening Kit on QX200 Droplet Digital PCR System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA) in liver metastasis tissue and preoperative and postoperative plasma samples. CEA were determined by an ACCESS CEA assay with the UniCel DxI 800 Instrument (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA). Tissue KRAS positive liver metastases was detected in 33 of 69 patients (47.8%). Preoperative plasma samples were available in 30 patients and 11 (36.7%) were KRAS positive. The agreement between plasma- and tissue-based KRAS mutation status was 75.9% (22 in 29; kappa 0.529). Patients with high compared to low levels of preoperative plasma KRAS fractional abundance (cut-off 3.33%) experienced shorter overall survival (OS 647 vs. 1392 days, p = 0.003). The combination of high preoperative KRAS fractional abundance and high CEA (cut-off 3.33% and 4.9 µg/L, resp.) best predicted shorter OS (HR 13.638, 95%CI 1.567–118.725) in multivariate analysis also (OS HR 44.877, 95%CI 1.59–1266.479; covariates: extend of liver resection, biological treatment). KRAS mutations are detectable and quantifiable in preoperative plasma cell-free DNA, incompletely overlapping with tissue biopsy. KRAS mutated ctDNA is a prognostic factor for CLM patients undergoing liver metastasectomy. The best prognostic value can be reached by a combination of ctDNA and tumor marker CEA.
The HMGB1-2 Ovarian Cancer Interactome. The Role of HMGB Proteins and Their Interacting Partners MIEN1 and NOP53 in Ovary Cancer and Drug-Response
Authors: Cámara-Quílez María , Barreiro-Alonso Aida , Vizoso-Vázquez Ángel , Rodríguez-Belmonte Esther , Quindós-Varela María , Lamas-Maceiras Mónica , Cerdán María Esperanza
Published: August 2020

High mobility group box B (HMGB) proteins are overexpressed in different types of cancers such as epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC). We have determined the first interactome of HMGB1 and HMGB2 in epithelial ovarian cancer (the EOC-HMGB interactome). Libraries from the SKOV-3 cell line and a primary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) ovarian tumor were tested by the Yeast Two Hybrid (Y2H) approach. The interactome reveals proteins that are related to cancer hallmarks and their expression is altered in EOC. Moreover, some of these proteins have been associated to survival and prognosis of patients. The interaction of MIEN1 and NOP53 with HMGB2 has been validated by co-immunoprecipitation in SKOV-3 and PEO1 cell lines. SKOV-3 cells were treated with different anti-tumoral drugs to evaluate changes in HMGB1, HMGB2, MIEN1 and NOP53 gene expression. Results show that combined treatment of paclitaxel and carboplatin induces a stronger down-regulation of these genes in comparison to individual treatments. Individual treatment with paclitaxel or olaparib up-regulates NOP53, which is expressed at lower levels in EOC than in non-cancerous cells. On the other hand, bevacizumab diminishes the expression of HMGB2 and NOP53. This study also shows that silencing of these genes affects cell-viability after drug exposure. HMGB1 silencing causes loss of response to paclitaxel, whereas silencing of HMGB2 slightly increases sensitivity to olaparib. Silencing of either HMGB1 or HMGB2 increases sensitivity to carboplatin. Lastly, a moderate loss of response to bevacizumab is observed when NOP53 is silenced.
Optimization of the Controls against the Spread of Zika Virus in Populations
Authors: González-Parra Gilberto , Díaz-Rodríguez Miguel , Arenas Abraham J.
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we study and explore two control strategies to decrease the spread of Zika virus in the human and mosquito populations. The control strategies that we consider in this study are awareness and spraying campaigns. We solve several optimal control problems relying on a mathematical epidemic model of Zika that considers both human and mosquito populations. The first control strategy is broad and includes using information campaigns, encouraging people to use bednetting, wear long-sleeve shirts, or similar protection actions. The second control is more specific and relies on spraying insecticides. The control system relies on a Zika mathematical model with control functions. To develop the optimal control problem, we use Pontryagins’ maximum principle, which is numerically solved as a boundary value problem. For the mathematical model of the Zika epidemic, we use parameter values extracted from real data from an outbreak in Colombia. We study the effect of the costs related to the controls and infected populations. These costs are important in real life since they can change the outcomes and recommendations for health authorities dramatically. Finally, we explore different options regarding which control measures are more cost-efficient for society.
The Effect That Auditory Distractions Have on a Visual P300 Speller While Utilizing Low-Cost Off-the-Shelf Equipment
Authors: Schembri Patrick , Pelc Maruisz , Ma Jixin
Published: August 2020

This paper investigates the effect that selected auditory distractions have on the signal of a visual P300 Speller in terms of accuracy, amplitude, latency, user preference, signal morphology, and overall signal quality. In addition, it ensues the development of a hierarchical taxonomy aimed at categorizing distractions in the P300b domain and the effect thereof. This work is part of a larger electroencephalography based project and is based on the P300 speller brain–computer interface (oddball) paradigm and the xDAWN algorithm, with eight to ten healthy subjects, using a non-invasive brain–computer interface based on low-fidelity electroencephalographic (EEG) equipment. Our results suggest that the accuracy was best for the lab condition (LC) at 100%, followed by music at 90% (M90) at 98%, trailed by music at 30% (M30) and music at 60% (M60) equally at 96%, and shadowed by ambient noise (AN) at 92.5%, passive talking (PT) at 90%, and finally by active listening (AL) at 87.5%. The subjects’ preference prodigiously shows that the preferred condition was LC as originally expected, followed by M90, M60, AN, M30, AL, and PT. Statistical analysis between all independent variables shows that we accept our null hypothesis for both the amplitude and latency. This work includes data and comparisons from our previous papers. These additional results should give some insight into the practicability of the aforementioned P300 speller methodology and equipment to be used for real-world applications.
The Prediction of Stiffness of Bamboo-Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Experiment Data and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
Authors: Muhtar  , Gunasti Amri , Suhardi  , Nursaid  , Irawati  , Dewi Ilanka Cahya , Dasuki Moh. , Ariyani Sofia , Fitriana  , Mahmudi Idris , Abadi Taufan , Rahman Miftahur , Hidayatullah Syarif , Nilogiri Agung , Desta Galuh Senki , Eko Wardoyo Ari , Budi Hamduwibawa Rofi
Published: August 2020

Stiffness is the main parameter of the beam’s resistance to deformation. Based on advanced research, the stiffness of bamboo-reinforced concrete beams (BRC) tends to be lower than the stiffness of steel-reinforced concrete beams (SRC). However, the advantage of bamboo-reinforced concrete beams has enough good ductility according to the fundamental properties of bamboo, which have high tensile strength and high elastic properties. This study aims to predict and validate the stiffness of bamboo-reinforced concrete beams from the experimental results data using artificial neural networks (ANNs). The number of beam test specimens were 25 pieces with a size of 75 mm × 150 mm × 1100 mm. The testing method uses the four-point method with simple support. The results of the analysis showed the similarity between the stiffness of the beam’s experimental results with the artificial neural network (ANN) analysis results. The similarity rate of the two analyses is around 99% and the percentage of errors is not more than 1%, both for bamboo-reinforced concrete beams (BRC) and steel-reinforced concrete beams (SRC).
Diagnostic and Prognostic Role of WT1 Immunohistochemical Expression in Uterine Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis across All Endometrial Carcinoma Histotypes
Authors: Angelico Giuseppe , Santoro Angela , Straccia Patrizia , Inzani Frediano , Cianfrini Federica , Spadola Saveria , Arciuolo Damiano , Valente Michele , D’Alessandris Nicoletta , Mulè Antonino , Zannoni Gian Franco
Published: August 2020

Background: The diagnostic role of Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) is well known in gynaeco-pathological setting, since it is considered a specific marker of serous histotype and adnexal origin. Moreover, its oncogenic role has been recently highlighted in many cancers and it has also been regarded as a promising target antigen for cancer immunotherapy. However, the relationship between its expression and prognostic role in uterine cancer remains unclear. We analyzed the diagnostic and prognostic role of WT1 expression in patients with uterine carcinoma by completing a search using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and the PICOS (Participants, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Study Design) model through PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases to identify studies that fit our search criteria. The objective of the current meta-analysis was to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic role of WT1 expression in patients with uterine carcinoma. Materials and Methods: A literature search was performed of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for English-language studies published from January 2000 to April 2020. Studies were considered eligible if they evaluated the WT1 expression in uterine carcinoma. Results: In total, 35 articles were identified that used uterine carcinoma criteria and provided data for 1616 patients. The overall rate of WT1 expression in uterine carcinoma was 25%. The subgroup analysis of uterine cancer types revealed that WT1 was expressed differently among different histotypes (endometrioid, clear cell, serous carcinoma and carcinosarcoma). Discussion and Conclusions: The WT1 immunohistochemical expression is not limited to serous histotype and/or ovarian origin. In fact, a significant proportion of endometrial adenocarcinomas can also show WT1 immunoreactivity. Moreover, our study suggests that WT1 may be a potential marker to predict the prognosis of patients with uterine cancer, but more studies are needed to confirm its role in clinical practice.
Using Data Augmentation Based Reinforcement Learning for Daily Stock Trading
Authors: Yuan Yuyu , Wen Wen , Yang Jincui
Published: August 2020

In algorithmic trading, adequate training data set is key to making profits. However, stock trading data in units of a day can not meet the great demand for reinforcement learning. To address this problem, we proposed a framework named data augmentation based reinforcement learning (DARL) which uses minute-candle data (open, high, low, close) to train the agent. The agent is then used to guide daily stock trading. In this way, we can increase the instances of data available for training in hundreds of folds, which can substantially improve the reinforcement learning effect. But not all stocks are suitable for this kind of trading. Therefore, we propose an access mechanism based on skewness and kurtosis to select stocks that can be traded properly using this algorithm. In our experiment, we find proximal policy optimization (PPO) is the most stable algorithm to achieve high risk-adjusted returns. Deep Q-learning (DQN) and soft actor critic (SAC) can beat the market in Sharp Ratio.
Implementing Discrete Model of Photovoltaic System on the Embedded Platform for Real-Time Simulation
Authors: Soetedjo Aryuanto , Sulistiawati Irrine Budi
Published: August 2020

This paper presents the development of a discrete model of a photovoltaic (PV) system consisting of a PV panel, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), a dual-axis solar tracker, and a buck converter. The discrete model is implemented on a 32-bit embedded system. The goal of the developed discrete PV model is to provide an efficient way for evaluating several algorithms and models used by the PV system in real-time fashion. The proposed discrete model perfectly matches the continuous and discrete model simulated with MATLAB-SIMULINK. The real-time performance is tested by running the model to simulate the PV system, where the fastest time sampling of 1 ms is achieved by the buck converter model, while the longest time sampling of 100 ms is achieved by the solar tracker model. Moreover, a novel method is proposed to optimize the net energy, which is calculated by subtracting the energy consumed by the tracker from the PV energy generated. The proposed net energy optimization method varies the operation time interval of the solar tracker under high and low solar irradiation conditions. Based on the real-time simulation of the discrete model, our approach increases the net energy by 29.05% compared to the system without the solar tracking and achieves an increase of 1.08% compared to the existing method.
Genetic Diversity and Structure of Japanese Endemic Genus Thujopsis (Cupressaceae) Using EST-SSR Markers
Authors: Inanaga Michiko , Hasegawa Yoichi , Mishima Kentaro , Takata Katsuhiko
Published: August 2020

The genus Thujopsis (Cupressaceae) comprises monoecious coniferous trees endemic to Japan. This genus includes two varieties: Thujopsis dolabrata (L.f.) Siebold et Zucc. var. dolabrata (southern variety, Td) and Thujopsis dolabrata (L.f.) Siebold et Zucc. var. hondae Makino (northern variety, Th). The aim of this study is to understand the phylogeographic and genetic population relationships of the genus Thujopsis for the conservation of genetic resources and future breeding. A total of 609 trees from 22 populations were sampled, including six populations from the Td distribution range and 16 populations from the Th distribution range. The genotyping results for 19 expressed sequence tag (EST)-based simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, followed by a structure analysis, neighbor-joining tree creation, an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), and hierarchical F statistics, supported the existence of two genetic clusters related to the distribution regions of the Td and Th varieties. The two variants, Td and Th, could be defined by their provenance, in spite of the ambiguous morphological differences between the varieties. The distribution ranges of both variants, which have been defined from their morphology, was confirmed by genetic analysis. The Th populations exhibited relatively uniform genetic diversity, most likely because Th refugia in the glacial period were scattered throughout their current distribution area. On the other hand, there was a tendency for Td’s genetic diversity to decrease from central to southern Honshu island. Notably, the structure analysis and neighbor-joining tree suggest the hybridization of the two varieties in the contact zone. More detailed studies of the genetic structure of Td are required in future analyses.
Identification and Antimicrobial Activity of Medium-Sized and Short Peptides from Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion
Authors: Cerrato Andrea , Capriotti Anna Laura , Capuano Federico , Cavaliere Chiara , Montone Angela Michela Immacolata , Montone Carmela Maria , Piovesana Susy , Zenezini Chiozzi Riccardo , Laganà Aldo
Published: August 2020

Due to the rapidly increasing resistance to conventional antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides are emerging as promising novel drug candidates. In this study, peptide fragments were obtained from yellowfin tuna muscle by simulated gastrointestinal digestion, and their antimicrobial activity towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was investigated. In particular, the antimicrobial activity of both medium- and short-sized peptides was investigated by using two dedicated approaches. Medium-sized peptides were purified by solid phase extraction on C18, while short peptides were purified thanks to a graphitized carbon black sorbent. For medium-sized peptide characterization, a peptidomic strategy based on shotgun proteomics analysis was employed, and identification was achieved by matching protein sequence database by homology, as yellowfin tuna is a non-model organism, leading to the identification of 403 peptides. As for short peptide sequences, an untargeted suspect screening approach was carried out by means of an inclusion list presenting the exact mass to charge ratios (m/z) values for all di-, tri- and tetrapeptides. In total, 572 short sequences were identified thanks to a customized workflow dedicated to short peptide analysis implemented on Compound Discoverer software.
The Flavor of Dairy Products from Grass-Fed Cows
Authors: Faccia Michele
Published: August 2020

The milks used for manufacturing bovine dairy products are not all equal. The feeding regimen of lactating cows can widely vary, giving rise to remarkable compositional differences. Recently, grass-fed/based milk and transformed products are being taken into great consideration due to their more favorable nutritional characteristics and better sustainability over those from intensive systems. Besides these well-established aspects, the existence of differences in flavor is highly debated. The “cheese story tellers” consider it as a proven fact and tend to directly link the aroma of grass-based dairy products to the plants the animals ate. Unfortunately, this claim is not yet supported by scientific data. Actually, there is sufficient evidence of the presence of a distinctive aroma in milk from grass-fed cows, but the connection with specific aroma-active compounds is still in progress. In addition to this, the role of some compounds deriving from cow’s metabolism seems to be much more important than that of other compounds that directly derive from feed. The situation in transformed products, in particular cheese, is even more complicated due to the overlapping of flavor compounds originating from technological operations, microbial metabolism and enzyme activities during storage or ripening. Further work is still needed to answer the question, but the increasing application of a flavoromics approach to the studies should rapidly bring about a decisive contribution to the knowledge.
Rimbp, a New Marker for the Nervous System of the Tunicate Ciona robusta
Authors: Coppola Ugo , Olivo Paola , D’Aniello Enrico , Johnson Christopher J. , Stolfi Alberto , Ristoratore Filomena
Published: August 2020

Establishment of presynaptic mechanisms by proteins that regulate neurotransmitter release in the presynaptic active zone is considered a fundamental step in animal evolution. Rab3 interacting molecule-binding proteins (Rimbps) are crucial components of the presynaptic active zone and key players in calcium homeostasis. Although Rimbp involvement in these dynamics has been described in distantly related models such as fly and human, the role of this family in most invertebrates remains obscure. To fill this gap, we defined the evolutionary history of Rimbp family in animals, from sponges to mammals. We report, for the first time, the expression of the two isoforms of the unique Rimbp family member in Ciona robusta in distinct domains of the larval nervous system. We identify intronic enhancers that are able to drive expression in different nervous system territories partially corresponding to Rimbp endogenous expression. The analysis of gene expression patterns and the identification of regulatory elements of Rimbp will positively impact our understanding of this family of genes in the context of Ciona embryogenesis.
Phenotyping in Arabidopsis and Crops—Are We Addressing the Same Traits? A Case Study in Tomato
Authors: Korwin Krukowski Paolo , Ellenberger Jan , Röhlen-Schmittgen Simone , Schubert Andrea , Cardinale Francesca
Published: August 2020

The convenient model Arabidopsis thaliana has allowed tremendous advances in plant genetics and physiology, in spite of only being a weed. It has also unveiled the main molecular networks governing, among others, abiotic stress responses. Through the use of the latest genomic tools, Arabidopsis research is nowadays being translated to agronomically interesting crop models such as tomato, but at a lagging pace. Knowledge transfer has been hindered by invariable differences in plant architecture and behaviour, as well as the divergent direct objectives of research in Arabidopsis vs. crops compromise transferability. In this sense, phenotype translation is still a very complex matter. Here, we point out the challenges of “translational phenotyping” in the case study of drought stress phenotyping in Arabidopsis and tomato. After briefly defining and describing drought stress and survival strategies, we compare drought stress protocols and phenotyping techniques most commonly used in the two species, and discuss their potential to gain insights, which are truly transferable between species. This review is intended to be a starting point for discussion about translational phenotyping approaches among plant scientists, and provides a useful compendium of methods and techniques used in modern phenotyping for this specific plant pair as a case study.
Simulation of Broadband Ground Motion by Superposing High-Frequency Empirical Green’s Function Synthetics on Low-Frequency Spectral-Element Synthetics
Authors: Mourhatch Ramses , Krishnan Swaminathan
Published: August 2020

Seismic wave-propagation simulations are limited in their frequency content by two main factors: (1) the resolution of the seismic wave-speed structure of the region in which the seismic waves are propagated through; and (2) the extent of our understanding of the rupture process, mainly on the short length scales. For this reason, high-frequency content in the ground motion must be simulated through other means. Toward this end, we adopt a variant of the classical empirical Green’s function (EGF) approach of summing, with suitable time shift, recorded seismograms from small earthquakes in the past to generate high-frequency seismograms (0.5–5.0 Hz) for engineering applications. We superimpose these seismograms on low-frequency seismograms, computed from kinematic source models using the spectral element method, to produce broadband seismograms. The non-uniform time- shift scheme used in this work alleviates the over-estimation of high-frequency content of the ground motions observed. We validate the methodology by simulating broadband motions from the 1999 Hector Mine and the 2006 Parkfield earthquakes and comparing them against recorded seismograms.
Embitterment: The Nature of the Construct and Critical Issues in the Light of COVID-19
Authors: De Sousa Avinash , D’souza Russell
Published: August 2020

Embitterment is a construct that is vast and complex and may be seen in a variety of conditions and circumstances. The following paper reviews the construct of embitterment and tries to explain the concept from a psychological perspective. It also looks at the role of embitterment in the genesis of psychiatric disorders like depression, anxiety, and PTSD, while focusing on the nature and factors needed to make a diagnosis of Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder. Situations due to the current pandemic where embitterment may develop are discussed and this is coupled with a need to manage embitterment when it develops, as it may progress to a chronic condition where its effects may be both physical and psychological. Embitterment and its management from a psychotherapy standpoint is also discussed and the same is done from a workplace perspective.
Stunting Was Associated with Reported Morbidity, Parental Education and Socioeconomic Status in 0.5–12-Year-Old Indonesian Children
Authors: Soekatri Moesijanti Y. E. , Sandjaja Sandjaja , Syauqy Ahmad
Published: August 2020

Stunting is highly prevalent in Indonesian children. The objective of this study was to identify the associations of stunting with morbidity, parental education and socioeconomic status (SES) in Indonesian children. The study population was part of the South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS). A total of 2236 Indonesian children aged 0.5 to 12 years, who had participated in the SEANUTS, were included in this study. Stunting was defined as height for age Z-score (HAZ) ≤ −2 using WHO criteria and severe stunting as HAZ ≤ −3. Information on morbidity, parental education and family SES were collected by structured questionnaires. ANOVA was used for evaluating differences across groups, with or without correction for confounders. The results showed that the overall prevalence of stunting was 31.4%. HAZ in stunted children was associated with disease incidence, including frequency, parental education and family income. There were no significant differences in HAZ values in stunted children with one or more bouts of infectious, digestive tract or respiratory tract illnesses compared to stunted children with no reported illness. The prevalence of stunting in Indonesian children was high and was strongly associated with child morbidity, parental education and SES.
Nutritional Influences on the Health of Women and Children in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Lusambili Adelaide , Naanyu Violet , Manda Gibson , Mossman Lindsay , Wisofschi Stefania , Pell Rachel , Jadavji Sofia , Obure Jerim , Temmerman Marleen
Published: August 2020

In 2017, the Government of Mozambique declared localized acute malnutrition crises in a range of districts across Mozambique including Cabo Delgado. This is in spite of intensive efforts by different non-governmental organizations (NGO) and the Government of Mozambique to expand access to information on good nutritional practices as well as promote nutrition-specific interventions, such as cooking demonstrations, home gardens and the distribution of micronutrient powder to children. This paper examines and discusses key nutritional influences on the health of pregnant and breastfeeding mothers in Cabo Delgado province, Mozambique. We conducted 21 key informant interviews (KIIs) with a wide range of stakeholders and 16 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with women. In addition, we conducted four focus group discussions with each of the following groups: (1) pregnant adolescent girls, (2) pregnant women >20 yrs, (3) women >20 yrs with babies <6 mths who were not practicing exclusive breastfeeding, (4) women >20 yrs of children <2 yrs and (5) with fathers of children <2 yrs. Data were analyzed thematically using NVIVO software. There is no single widely held influence on pregnant and breast-feeding women’s nutritional decision-making, choices and food consumption. Rather, variables such as social-cultural, environmental, economic, gender, knowledge and information intersect in their roles in nutritional food choices.
Psychological Impact of COVID-19 and Lockdown among University Students in Malaysia: Implications and Policy Recommendations
Authors: Sundarasen Sheela , Chinna Karuthan , Kamaludin Kamilah , Nurunnabi Mohammad , Baloch Gul Mohammad , Khoshaim Heba Bakr , Hossain Syed Far Abid , Sukayt Areej
Published: August 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown has taken the world by storm. This study examines its impact on the anxiety level of university students in Malaysia during the peak of the crisis and the pertinent characteristics affecting their anxiety. A cross-sectional online survey, using Zung’s self-rating anxiety questionnaire was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Out of the 983 respondents, 20.4%, 6.6%, and 2.8% experienced minimal to moderate, marked to severe, and most extreme levels of anxiety. Female gender (OR = 21.456, 95% CI = 1.061, 1.998, p = 0.020), age below 18 years (OR = 4.147, 95% CI = 1.331, 12.918, p = 0.014), age 19 to 25 (OR = 3.398, 95% CI = 1.431, 8.066, p = 0.006), pre-university level of education (OR = 2.882, 95% CI = 1.212, 6.854, p = 0.017), management studies (OR = 2.278, 95% CI = 1.526, 3.399, p < 0.001), and staying alone (OR = 2.208, 95% CI = 1.127, 4.325, p = 0.021) were significantly associated with higher levels of anxiety. The main stressors include financial constraints, remote online teaching and uncertainty about the future with regard to academics and career. Stressors are predominantly financial constraints, remote online learning, and uncertainty related to their academic performance, and future career prospects.
Implementing a Clinical Research Department to Support Pediatric Studies: A SWOT Analysis
Authors: Thajer Alexandra , Sommersguter-Reichmann Margit , Löffler-Stastka Henriette
Published: August 2020

The safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of most drugs used in pediatrics have not been studied in different age groups and are administered “off-label use”. Clinical pediatric drug trials require specific and stringent compliance with laws, regulations, guidelines, and patient/parent/public involvement, which in turn increases resource use and makes support useful from a medical, qualitative, economic, and system perspective. We examined the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of implementing a Research Department for the Support of Pediatric Studies (RDPS) in Vienna. We used the SWOT (“strengths”, “weaknesses”, “opportunities”, and “threats”) analysis to collect comprehensive data and facts on the internal strengths, weaknesses (company analysis), and external opportunities and threats (environmental analysis). The company analysis revealed a productivity gain, due to a highly specialized team and standardized processes. The environmental analysis outlined a considerable 360-degree potential for a qualitative and quantitative medical- and social-scientific expansion of the service portfolio. The establishment of a RDPS leads to the centralization of pediatric studies by bundling tasks and concentration of specialist knowledge, which enables the exploitation of synergies, the standardization of processes, the promotion of professionalism, flexibility, innovations and the reduction of inefficiencies in the form of duplication of tasks. RDPS offers tailored advice and support for different types of pediatric studies.
Analysis of Human Factors Relationship in Hazardous Chemical Storage Accidents
Authors: Jiang Wei , Han Wei , Zhou Jiankai , Huang Zhishun
Published: August 2020

Human factors are important causes of hazardous chemical storage accidents, and clarifying the relationship between human factors can help to identify the logical chain between unsafe behaviors and influential factors in accidents. Therefore, the human factor relationship of hazardous chemical storage accidents was studied in this paper. First, the human factors analysis and classification system (HFACS), which originated from accident analysis in the aviation field, was introduced. Since some items were designed for aviation accident analysis, such as the item “Crew Resource Management”, it is not fully applicable to the analysis of hazardous chemical storage accidents. Therefore, this article introduced some modifications and changes to make the HFACS model suitable for the analysis of hazardous chemical storage accidents. Based on the improved HFACS model, 42 hazardous chemicals storage accidents were analyzed, and the causes were classified. After analysis, we found that under the HFACS framework, the most frequent cause of accidents is resource management, followed by violations and inadequate supervision, and finally the organizational process and technological environment. Finally, according to the statistical results for the various causes of accidents obtained from the improved HFACS analysis, the chi-square test and odds ratio analysis were used to further explore the relevance of human factors in hazardous chemical storage accidents. The 16 groups of significant causal relationships among the four levels of factors include resource management and inadequate supervision, planned inappropriate operations and technological environment, inadequate supervision and physical/mental limitations, and technological environment and skill-based errors, among others.
The Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Correlates of Food Insecurity in Poland
Authors: Dudek Hanna , Myszkowska-Ryciak Joanna
Published: August 2020

While food insecurity (FI) has been extensively studied in many countries, there have been few empirical contributions in Poland to date. The main objective of our research was to identify the socio-demographic factors affecting the risk of FI in Poland within 2014–2019. Moreover, we aimed to examine the effects of the family-oriented social program “Family 500+” by comparing the situation in various types of households with children a few years before and after the program was launched. The analysis was based on the set of eight-item FI indicators adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization using the Gallup World Poll nationally representative survey data. Based on our results the most vulnerable groups in the context of FI were identified. We confirmed the importance of education, gender, age, marital status, household composition, status of employment and income in preventing FI. The effectiveness of the support program in reducing FI was demonstrated as households with at least three children experienced significant improvement in the FI status during the studied years. These findings should be especially important in the context of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on FI. As FI can affect the quality and quantity of food choices it is associated with a poorer health status, which increases the risk of infection, including COVID-19, and worsens recovery prognosis. Planning an efficient response to the pandemic requires a comprehension of the increased risk of exposure experienced by people, especially those who are food insecure.
Integrating Social Dimensions into Future Sustainable Energy Supply Networks
Authors: Obrecht Matevz , Kazancoglu Yigit , Denac Matjaz
Published: August 2020

Environmental protection and sustainable development have become an inevitable trend in many areas, including the energy industry. The development of energy supply networks is strongly correlated with the economics of energy sources as well as ecological and socio-political issues. However, the energy supply network is often distant from the social perspective. This paper therefore combines examination of perceptions and awareness of general public (web-based questionnaire) and top energy experts (a Delphi survey) on the energy supply network and identifies their potential integration in energy supply decision making processes. The results showed that public should be better informed as well as integrated into designing energy supply network as the prosumers gain power and the energy suppliers will no longer dominate the market. Public actors are ready to shape sustainable energy supply and also willing to pay 5.8% more for a sustainable energy supply. The majority are prepared to invest in renewable energy supply network close to their place of residence. Another result is that the public is calling for a shift in priority towards more sustainable and socially friendlier energy supply rather than focusing mainly on the economic and technical perspectives.
Social Capital and Social Networks of Hidden Drug Abuse in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Gloria Hongyee , Lo T. Wing , Lee Gabriel Kwun-Wa , Tam Cherry Hau-Lin
Published: August 2020

Owing to the increasing prevalence of hidden drug abuse in Hong Kong, yet scarce relevant current local research, this study seeks to carry out an in-depth investigation into the experience of hidden drug abusers, paying particular attention to their relevance to social capital and social networks. Seventy-three abusers attending drug treatment programs were interviewed, and a thematic analysis was performed. The results indicate hidden drug abuse is popular in Hong Kong. Apart from the decline of public, large-scale discos and the change of the types of drugs abused to date, one important contributing factor is the drug supply and transaction networks, which are extensive and multilocused, but secretive, with high closure levels. This kind of network is supported by bonding, bridging, and linking social capital as well as by providing convenient supply modes and offering drug abusers psychological comfort and safety. These factors encourage the hidden drug abuse to prevail and allow drug abusers to remain unidentifiable.
Adaptation and Integration of Psychosocial Stimulation, Maternal Mental Health and Nutritional Interventions for Pregnant and Lactating Women in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Fahmida , Rahman Mahbubur , Pitchik Helen O. , Winch Peter J. , Fernald Lia C. H. , Nurul Huda Tarique Mohammad , Jahir Tania , Amin Ruhul , Das Jyoti Bhushan , Hossain Khobair , Shoab Abul Kashem , Khan Rizwana , Yeasmin Farzana , Sultana Jesmin , Luby Stephen P. , Tofail Fahmida
Published: August 2020

Supporting caregivers’ mental wellbeing and ability to provide psychosocial stimulation may promote early childhood development. This paper describes the systematic approach of developing an integrated stimulation intervention, identifying the feasibility and challenges faced throughout the period. We developed an integrated curriculum by culturally adapting three interventions (Reach Up, Thinking Healthy, and general nutrition advice) and piloted this curriculum (Mar–April 2017) in courtyard groups sessions and individual home visits with pregnant women (n = 11) and lactating mothers (of children <24 months) (n = 29). We conducted qualitative interviews with the participants (n = 8) and the community health workers who delivered the intervention (n = 2). Most participants reported willingness to attend the sessions if extended for 1 year, and recommended additional visual cues and interactive role-play activities to make the sessions more engaging. Participants and community health workers found it difficult to understand the concept of “unhealthy thoughts” in the curriculum. This component was then revised to include a simplified behavior-focused story. Community health workers reported difficulty balancing the required content of the integrated curriculum but were able to manage after the contents were reduced. The revised intervention is likely feasible to deliver to a group of pregnant and lactating mothers in a low-resource setting.
Application of Machine Learning Methods in Nursing Home Research
Authors: Lee Soo-Kyoung , Ahn Jinhyun , Shin Juh Hyun , Lee Ji Yeon
Published: August 2020

Background: A machine learning (ML) system is able to construct algorithms to continue improving predictions and generate automated knowledge through data-driven predictors or decisions. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare six ML methods (random forest (RF), logistics regression, linear support vector machine (SVM), polynomial SVM, radial SVM, and sigmoid SVM) of predicting falls in nursing homes (NHs). Methods: We applied three representative six-ML algorithms to the preprocessed dataset to develop a prediction model (N = 60). We used an accuracy measure to evaluate prediction models. Results: RF was the most accurate model (0.883), followed by the logistic regression model, SVM linear, and polynomial SVM (0.867). Conclusions: RF was a powerful algorithm to discern predictors of falls in NHs. For effective fall management, researchers should consider organizational characteristics as well as personal factors. Recommendations for Future Research: To confirm the superiority of ML in NH research, future studies are required to discern additional potential factors using newly introduced ML methods.
Towards Responsible Rebellion: How Founders Deal with Challenges in Establishing and Governing Innovative Living Arrangements for Older People
Authors: Rusinovic Katja M. , van Bochove Marianne E. , Koops-Boelaars Suzanna , Tavy Zsuzsu K.C.T. , van Hoof Joost
Published: August 2020

In the Netherlands, there is an increasing need for collective forms of housing for older people. Such housing bridges the gap between the extremes of living in an institutionalised setting and remaining in their own house. The demand is related to the closure of many residential care homes and the need for social engagement with other residents. This study focuses on housing initiatives that offer innovative and alternative forms of independent living, which deviate from mainstream housing arrangements. It draws on recent literature on healthcare ‘rebels’ and further develops the concept of ‘rebellion’ in the context of housing. The main research question is how founders dealt with challenges of establishing and governing ‘rebellious’ innovative living arrangements for older people in the highly regulated context of housing and care in the Netherlands. Qualitative in-depth interviews with 17 founders (social entrepreneurs, directors and supervisory board members) were conducted. Founders encountered various obstacles that are often related to governmental and sectoral rules and regulations. Their stories demonstrate the opportunities and constraints of innovative entrepreneurship at the intersection of housing and care. The study concludes with the notion of ‘responsible rebellion’ and practical lessons about dealing with rules and regulations and creating supportive contexts.
Development and Validation of Two Questionnaires to Study the Perception of Conflict in Physical Education
Authors: Sáez de Ocáriz Unai , Lavega-Burgués Pere
Published: August 2020

Improving the quality of teaching and learning, as well as school coexistence are international priorities for the new educational challenges of the 21st century (UNESCO 37 C/4 resolution). Physical Education (PE) has become a key subject for education on school coexistence by enabling significant motor experiences to promote interpersonal relationships and transform motor conflicts (MC). The objective of this research was to develop and validate two questionnaires (CONFLICT1-AGE and CONFLICT1-RES) to study secondary school students’ perception about MC in PE. Study 1 searched for evidence related to their content validity and response process validity, and Study 2 examined internal structure, reliability, and concurrent validity. As a result, a seven-item single-factor model was selected for CONFLICT1-AGE, and a five-item single-factor structure was chosen for CONFLICT1-RES. Both models exhibited an excellent fit to the data, where CONFLICT1-AGE: χ2 (df) = 18.621 (14), p = 0.180, RMSEA (90% CI) = 0.033 0(0.000–0.069), CFI = 0.994, TLI = 0.991; CONFLICT1-RES: χ2 (df) = 13.350 (5), p = 0.020, RMSEA (90% CI) = 0.075 (0.027–0.125), CFI = 0.986, TLI = 0.972. Furthermore, both questionnaires presented satisfactory internal consistency (αCONFLICT1-AGE = 0.745, αCONFLICT1-RES = 0.737). Their combination will provide a wide view of secondary school students’ perception about MC.