bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methylation Pattern and Expression Dynamics of Methylase and Photosystem Genes Under varying light Intensities in Fugacium kawagutii (Symbiodiniaceae)
Authors: Yang Feng , Li Ling , Lin Senjie
Published: September 2020

Previous studies have documented extensive methylation of CpG islands and abundant methyltransferase gene (DNMT) in Fugacium kawagutii (formerly Symbiodinium kawagutii) genome. However, whether DNA methylation plays a role in regulating gene expression in this and other dinoflagellates remains unclear. Here, we characterized gene body methylation levels using methylation‐specific PCR (MS‐PCR) and bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) and measured transcriptional levels for three photosystem genes in F. kawagutii under different light conditions (20, 100, and 600 µE · m−2 · s−1). To explore the association of methylation with DNA methylase, the expression of DNA methyltransferase (Symbio‐DIRS‐Dnmt3) was also measured. Our results showed that peridinin–chlorophyll a–binding protein (PCP), light‐harvesting complex (LHC), and chlorophyll a‐c–binding protein complex (acpPC) gene expression was all significantly up‐regulated under low light in which their methylation level was down‐regulated, constant, and elevated, respectively. Symbio‐DIRS‐Dnmt3 exhibited elevated transcriptional level under increased light intensity. The results led us to hypothesize that DNA methylation level can be modulated by environmental conditions such as irradiance, probably through the regulation of Symbio‐DIRS‐Dnmt3 transcription level, and in turn may regulate the expression of genes in F. kawagutii. Further study is needed to determine whether the same gene methylation and expression characteristics reported here occur in other dinoflagellates and to explore their ecological implications.
Cellular ageing of oral fibroblasts differentially modulates extracellular matrix organization
Authors: Atkuru Srividya , Muniraj Giridharan , Sudhaharan Thankiah , Chiam Keng‐Hwee , Wright Graham Daniel , Sriram Gopu
Published: September 2020

Background and Objectives

Ageing is associated with an impaired cellular function that can affect tissue architecture and wound healing in gingival and periodontal tissues. However, the impact of oral fibroblast ageing on the structural organization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins is poorly understood. Hence, in this study, we investigated the impact of cellular ageing of oral fibroblasts on the production and structural organization of collagen and other ECM proteins.

Methods

Oral fibroblasts were serially subcultured, and replicative cellular senescence was assessed using population doubling time, Ki67 counts and expression of P21WAFI. The production and structural organization of ECM proteins were assessed at early (young‐oFB) and late (aged‐oFB) passages. The thickness and pattern of collagen produced by live cultures of young‐ and aged‐oFB were assessed using a label‐free and non‐invasive second harmonic generation (SHG)‐based multiphoton imaging. Expression of other ECM proteins (fibronectin, fibrillin, collagen‐IV and laminins) was evaluated using immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy‐based depth profile analysis.

Results

Aged‐oFB displayed a higher population doubling time, lower Ki67+ cells and higher expression of P21WAFI indicative of slower proliferation rate and senescence phenotype. SHG imaging demonstrated that young‐oFB produced a thick, interwoven network of collagen fibres, while the aged‐oFB produced thin and linearly organized collagen fibres. Similarly, analysis of immunostained cultures showed that young‐oFB produced a rich, interwoven mesh of fibronectin, fibrillin and collagen‐IV fibres. In contrast, the aged‐oFB produced linearly organized fibronectin, fibrillin and collagen‐IV fibres. Lastly, there was no observable difference in production and organization of laminins among the young‐ and aged‐oFB.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that oral fibroblast ageing impairs ECM production and more importantly the organization of ECM fibres, which could potentially impair wound healing in the elderly.
Reproductive strategies of animal‐pollinated plants on high mountains: A review of studies from the “Third Pole”
Authors: Tong Ze‐Yu , Wu Ling‐Yun , Huang Shuang‐Quan
Published: September 2020

Having hundreds of big mountains, the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and its southern boundary, the Hengduan Mountains Region, represent one of the world's biodiversity hotspots. In the so‐called “Third Pole of the earth”, diverse effects of climate change and habitat heterogeneity could have driven the evolution of plant adaptive strategies. In this review, we collected and compiled recent sources of reproductive biology in animal‐pollinated plants, stressing the questions that need further attention, including pollination system, pollen limitation, self‐compatibility, and sexual system. We constructed plant–pollinator interaction networks based on the case studies from this region, showing that the majority of pollinators were bees, moths, butterflies, and flies were also important, and bats and birds were rare. As the unpredictable (cold, rainy or windy) weather affects pollinator activities, sexual reproduction seemed to be pollen limited, but available studies show that the exact pattern of pollen limitation is still under debate. Self‐compatibility could be either a solution, or a result from pollen limitation. Moreover, plant sexual systems can be regarded as an integrated module that counters pollen limitation. As phylogenetic relationships were constructed, diverse genera experienced rapid radiation were revealed in these mountainous areas. Further studies of evolutionary transitions in reproductive systems of congeners will unveil potential factors shaping the general pattern of adaptive strategies in animal‐pollinated plants. Further studies will be beneficial in using advanced new techniques, examining phenotypic selection under common gardens, and considering chemical ecology in interactions between plants and florivores, particularly in pollen fate.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for the identifiability of observation‐driven models
Authors: Douc Randal , Roueff François , Sim Tepmony
Published: September 2020

In this contribution we are interested in proving that a given observation‐driven model is identifiable. In the case of a GARCH(p, q) model, a simple sufficient condition has been established in Berkes I, Horváth L, Kokoszka P. (2003). Bernoulli 9: 201–227 for showing the consistency of the quasi‐maximum likelihood estimator. It turns out that this condition applies for a much larger class of observation‐driven models, that we call the class of linearly observation‐driven models. This class includes standard integer valued observation‐driven time series such as the Poisson autoregression model and its numerous extensions. Our results also apply to vector‐valued time series such as the bivariate integer valued GARCH model, to nonlinear models such as the threshold Poisson autoregression or to observation‐driven models with exogenous covariates such as the PARX model.
Inter‐colony invasion between wild naked mole‐rat colonies
Authors: Braude S. , Hess J. , Ingram C.
Published: September 2020

Despite published reports of inter‐colony aggression and invasion in the laboratory, direct aggressive competition for resources has not previously been considered as a driving force for the large colony size in naked mole‐rats (Heterocephalus glaber). We report evidence that wild colonies of naked mole‐rats invade neighbouring colonies and thus expand their territories. Furthermore, as has been observed in laboratory colonies, invading colonies may kidnap un‐weaned pups which can subsequently be incorporated into the workforce. This is convergent with the slave‐making ants and suggests that intergroup aggression between naked mole‐rat colonies may be a strong selective pressure for group living and extreme colony size.
The Effect of Pre‐reading Instruction on Vocabulary Learning: An Investigation of L1 and L2 Readers’ Eye Movements
Authors: Pellicer‐Sánchez Ana , Conklin Kathy , Vilkaitė‐Lozdienė Laura
Published: September 2020

This study examined the effect of pre‐reading vocabulary instruction on learners’ attention and vocabulary learning. We randomly assigned participants (L1 = 92; L2 = 88) to one of four conditions: pre‐reading instruction, where participants’ received explicit instruction on six novel items and read a text with the items repeated eight times; reading‐only, where participants simply read the same text with the novel items repeated eight times; reading‐baseline, where participants read the same text with the repeated items replaced by known (control) words; and instruction‐only, where participants received explicit instruction on the novel items and read an unrelated text. Eye‐tracking was used to measure amount of attention to the vocabulary during reading. We assessed knowledge of the target vocabulary in three immediate posttests (form recognition, meaning recall, and meaning recognition). Results showed that pre‐reading instruction (plus reading the text) led to both more vocabulary learning and a processing advantage. Cumulative reading times were a significant predictor of meaning recognition scores.
How do muskratsOndatra zibethicusaffect ecosystems? A review of evidence
Authors: Bomske Caleb M. , Ahlers Adam A.
Published: September 2020

MuskratsOndatra zibethicusare reported to have wide‐ranging effects on wetland habitats, sometimes earning them the labels ‘keystone species’ or ‘ecosystem engineers’.

We conducted an extensive review of the scientific literature and evaluated evidence for muskrats as potential keystone species or ecosystem engineers, and more generally, their known impacts on wetland ecosystems.

We identified 363 publications (peer‐reviewed articles, books, theses, and reports) regarding muskrats, 202 of which were in an ecological context. Only 6% (n = 13) of these explicitly considered muskrats as ecosystem engineers (n = 9) or keystone species (n = 4).

Our review found that muskrat populations may have broad effects on both wetland flora and fauna. However, studies generally occurred over small spatiotemporal scales and used dissimilar methods and reporting, which limited our inference regarding muskrats’ influence on wetland ecosystems.

Research explicitly identifying muskrats as ecosystem engineers or keystone species is limited, but published evidence suggests that muskrats may have an effect on plant species diversity and habitat heterogeneity, which in turn may influence other animal species. However, long‐term and experimental research is needed to uncover impacts that muskrats have on ecosystems.
New constraints on the formation of lunar mafic impact melt breccias from S‐Se‐Te and highly siderophile elements
Authors: Gleißner Philipp , Becker Harry
Published: September 2020

Mass fractions of the siderophile volatile elements S, Se, and Te were determined together with highly siderophile elements (HSE) and osmium isotope ratios in multiple aliquots of five lunar mafic impact melt breccias. The impactites were sampled from presumably Imbrium‐related ejecta deposits at the Apollo 14, 15, and 16 landing sites. As in many mafic impact melt breccias, all studied impactites display fractionated siderophile element patterns characteristic of differentiated metal, interpreted to reflect metal‐rich impactor material from the core of a differentiated planetesimal. The compositional record of Fra Mauro crystalline matrix breccias and recent constraints on the time of their formation suggest that the admixture of this differentiated metal component to the Procellarum KREEP Terrane occurred before the Imbrium basin was formed. The impact melt rock portion of dimict breccia 61015 displays fractionations of HSE like other mafic impact melt breccias, but CI chondrite‐like ratios of S, Se, Te, and Ir. Preservation of these contrasting impactor signatures in a single impactite sample demonstrates mixing of differentiated metal and CI chondrite‐like impactor material and their homogenization in an impact melt sheet. Correlations of highly siderophile element ratios between impactites from different Apollo landing sites suggest that siderophile element inventories of many lunar impactites were affected by similar mixing processes. Mass fractions and ratios of S, Se, and Te in other mafic impact melt breccias closely resemble those of pristine mafic target rocks.
When I Say… Really Good Stuff
Authors: Anderson M. Brownell
Published: September 2020

Brownie Anderson, the driving force behind 20 years of Really Good Stuff, celebrates the series' anniversary by reflecting on what Really Good Stuff means to her.
The medico‐legal helpline: A content analysis of postgraduate medical trainee advice calls
Authors: McDougall Allan , Zaslow Joanna , Zhang Cathy , Yang Qian , Nuth Janet , Tsai Ellen , Lee Shirley , Lefebvre Guylaine , Calder Lisa
Published: September 2020

Context

Available literature exploring medical liability and postgraduate medical education consistently posits that postgraduate trainees worry about their exposure to medico‐legal liability. This assumption has formed the basis for research and curriculum development.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to describe the encounters that lead physicians‐in‐training to seek external medico‐legal guidance. We sought to provide empirical evidence on trends and themes related to medico‐legal advice requests from physicians‐in‐training.

Methods

Our primary dataset consisted of records of calls from physicians‐in‐training to the medico‐legal helpline of the Canadian Medical Protective Association (CMPA), a national mutual defence organisation providing medico‐legal advice and liability protection for over 95% of Canada's physicians. We conducted a trend analysis of the frequency of calls for advice over 10 years from physician‐in‐training compared with non‐trainee physicians. Furthermore, we performed a content analysis of calls made over the most recent 2 years (2016‐2017) to elucidate the concerns that led to trainees seeking medico‐legal advice.

Results

The 10‐year trend analysis revealed that the annual growth in the number of physician‐in‐training advice calls (8.8%) exceeded other CMPA physician groups and was in excess of trainee population growth over the same period. The content analysis identified four core themes: managing confidential information, complex care situations, academic matters and patient safety incidents.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that trainees are asking questions about their medico‐legal liability with increasing frequency. This study contributes new evidence on the issues that lead to trainees seeking help. We believe that understanding trainees' medico‐legal advice requests will support medical educators to tailor quality improvement education to learners' needs.
Estimation of internal corrosion degree from observed surface cracking of concrete using mesoscale simulation with Model Predictive Control
Authors: Kuntal Vikas Singh , Jiradilok Punyawut , Bolander John E. , Nagai Kohei
Published: September 2020

Corrosion of the steel reinforcing bars in concrete structures is one of the major maintenance problems. Corrosion results in expansive pressure on the surrounding concrete, which causes internal damage that may become visible as surface cracking. Such damage may degrade structural safety and serviceability. Effective maintenance requires the evaluation of residual performance based on estimates of spatially nonuniform levels of corrosion, which are typically obtained through surface measurements only. In this study, the authors have developed a simulation system for estimating the levels of internal corrosion along the reinforcing bar length from surface crack information. This innovative system is produced by integrating the technique of Model Predictive Control (MPC) with Rigid‐Body‐Spring Models (RBSM) of corrosion‐induced cracking at the concrete mesoscale. In this study, MPC controls the simulated surface cracks such that they match the observed cracks by optimizing the internal expansions of springs representing the steel‐concrete interface within the RBSM. The applicability of the system is verified using both synthetic crack width data and crack data collected from in‐house laboratory testing. In the laboratory testing, corrosion levels were quantified by 3D scanning of the extracted reinforcing bars. The simulation results agree with the corrosion measurements, demonstrating the potential of the MPC‐RBSM system for predicting the corrosion distribution along reinforcing bars using surface crack data.
A case of late‐onset Chediak‐Higashi syndrome with progressive gait disturbance and cognitive dysfunction caused by novel variant in LYST gene
Authors: Nakamura Takeshi , Koh Kishin , Takiyama Yoshihisa , Takahashi Makio
Published: September 2020

Chediak‐Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease that mostly manifests immunodeficiency, albinism, abnormal bleeding, and other pigmentary abnormalities in childhood. However, the attenuated cases of late‐onset CHS may only express progressive cognitive dysfunction. Herein, we observed a case of late‐onset CHS with progressive gait ataxia, spastic paralysis, cognitive dysfunction, and peripheral neuropathy without any immunological abnormalities or skin depigmentation. Giant granules in neutrophils were identified by Giemsa staining, and genetic analysis showed the presence of a novel homozygous missense variant (c.172 C>G, p. L58V) in LYST gene. To consider late‐onset CHS as a differential neurodegenerative disorder, peripheral blood cytology is necessary to search for lysosomal LYST gene abnormalities.
Nonpharmacological interventions to improve the psychological well‐being of women accessing abortion services and their satisfaction with care: A systematic review
Authors: Wang Na , Allen Jyai , Gamble Jenny , Creedy Debra K.
Published: September 2020

How women perceive and experience abortion impacts their subsequent psychological well‐being. This systematic review evaluated nonpharmacological interventions designed to support women undergoing abortion services and improve their psychological well‐being and satisfaction with care. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, Social Services Abstracts, and PTSD Pubs. All searches were limited to peer‐reviewed articles published in English from January 2010 to February 2020. Two reviewers independently assessed study eligibility. Ten studies were included, involving four types of interventions: music therapy; social support; information support; and mandated waiting and counseling requirements on abortion access. Outcome measures were divided into four categories comprised of cognitive domains, emotional and psychological well‐being, clinical symptoms, and satisfaction with care. However, there is limited evidence on intervention effects. Most studies report null or mixed intervention effects. Even though some positive effects on women's cognitive outcomes and satisfaction with care were seen, findings across studies were inconclusive. Findings also show that methodological limitations such as lack of theoretical basis, inadequate reporting and no power sample size calculation were apparent across studies. There is limited evidence about nonpharmacological interventions designed to improve women's satisfaction with abortion services or psychological outcomes subsequent to accessing abortion services. Well‐designed interventions that meet the needs of service‐users should be developed and rigorously tested.
Women's experience of stress and related use of diet and/or dietary supplements
Authors: McCabe Delia , Lockwood Craig
Published: September 2020

Women's lives are negatively impacted by chronic psychological stress. Dietary supplement use to manage stress is prolific despite inadequate evidence to support supplementation. The researchers used participatory action research to examine the experience of living with stress and the role that diet and/or dietary supplements played in the self‐reported ability to manage stress among community dwelling women. Convenience sampling was used to recruit eight women. Focus group sessions were held across eight consecutive weeks wherein personal experiences of stress and dietary strategies to manage stress were audio‐recorded. Verbatim transcripts of the sessions, journal notes, and email correspondence were analyzed, identifying codes, categories, and six themes: “causes and effects of stress,” “thinking patterns and stress,” “confusion and skepticism about using dietary strategies to manage stress,” “the role of relationships in experiencing stress,” “the role of relationships in managing physical health and stress,” and “stress‐management strategies.” Participants experienced habitual stress responses, skepticism about dietary stress management strategies, and long‐reaching physical and psychological effects on key relationships. Health professionals may find similar perspectives influencing the choices of chronically stressed women they support.
Acromioclavicular Joint Separation: Repair Through Suture Anchors for Coracoclavicular Ligament and Nonabsorbable Suture Fixation for Acromioclavicular Joint
Authors: Liu Tao , Bao Fei‐long , Jiang Tao , Ji Guang‐wei , Li Jian‐min , Jerosch Jörg
Published: September 2020

Objective

To evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients undergoing coracoclavicular (CC) ligament repair by two suture anchors and acromioclavicular (AC) joint (ACJ) fixation using heavy nonabsorbable sutures for the treatment of types III–V ACJ injuries with a minimum of 1‐year follow‐up.

Methods

The clinical and radiographic outcomes of 36 consecutive patients (26 men and 10 women) who underwent anatomic reduction for acute ACJ dislocation using two suture anchors for CC ligament reconstruction and two strands of non‐absorbable stitches for ACJ fixation between December 2013 and December 2018 were reviewed. Two 3.5 mm suture anchors with double‐loaded sutures were separately inserted into the anterolateral and posteromedial portions of the coracoid process. The suture strands were passed through the hole created in the clavicle using 2.0 mm drill and tied over the clavicle. Additional ACJ augmentation using two strands of non‐absorbable heavy sutures was performed in all patients. At 3, 6, and 12 months and last follow‐up visit, the scores on the visual analog scale (VAS), the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Constant–Murley score, and simple shoulder test (SST) questionnaires were used to provide a final evaluation of shoulder function. Comparison between baseline and treatment results was performed. Radiographic analysis included vertical displacement and horizontal shift.

Results

A total of 29 patients (20 men and nine women) were included in the study. A total of seven, six, and 16 patients had Rockwood type III, type IV, and type V ACJ dislocations, respectively. The mean patient age was 42.8 ± 13.5 years, with a mean follow‐up of 28 months (range, 12–56 months). At the 12‐month follow‐up, the mean ASES score was 92.1 ± 3.5, with a mean pain score of 0.5 ± 0.7 on the VAS and mean Constant–Murley score of 93.0 ± 2.4. The new number of positive answers on the SST was 11.5 ± 0.6. Compared with the baseline, the clinical results improved significantly (P < 0.05). No significant difference could be found between the 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up evaluations (P > 0.05). Radiographs showed two partial loss of reduction, whereas no horizontal displacement was found in all patients. One patient developed a superficial wound infection 3 weeks postoperation. The wound healed after routine wound care. No neurovascular complications were recorded.

Conclusions

CC ligament reconstruction using two suture anchors and ACJ augmentation using two strands of non‐absorbable heavy sutures on high‐grade AC dislocation is a reliable technique for restoring stability to the ACJ and can obtain good to excellent clinical results.
Diverse communities of Bacteria and Archaea flourished in Palaeoarchaean (3.5–3.3 Ga) microbial mats
Authors: Hickman‐Lewis Keyron , Westall Frances , Cavalazzi Barbara
Published: September 2020

Limited taxonomic classification is possible for Archaean microbial mats and this is a fundamental limitation in constraining early ecosystems. Applying Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), a powerful tool for identifying vibrational motions attributable to specific functional groups, we characterized fossilized biopolymers in 3.5–3.3 Ga microbial mats from the Barberton greenstone belt (South Africa). Microbial mats from four Palaeoarchaean horizons exhibit significant differences in taxonomically informative aliphatic contents, despite high aromaticity. This reflects precursor biological heterogeneity since all horizons show equally exceptional preservation and underwent similar grades of metamorphism. Low methylene to end‐methyl (CH2/CH3) absorbance ratios in mats from the 3.472 Ga Middle Marker horizon signify short, highly branchedn‐alkanes interpreted as isoprenoid chains forming archaeal membranes. Mats from the 3.45 Ga Hooggenoeg Chert H5c, 3.334 Ga Footbridge Chert, and 3.33 Ga Josefsdal Chert exhibit higherCH2/CH3ratios suggesting mostly longer, unbranched fatty acids from bacterial lipid precursors. Absorbance ratios of end‐methyl to methylene (CH3/CH2) in Hooggenoeg, Josefsdal and Footbridge mats yield a range of values (0.20–0.80) suggesting mixed bacterial and archaeal architect communities based on comparison with modern examples. Higher (0.78–1.25)CH3/CH2ratios in the Middle Marker mats identify Archaea. This exceptional preservation reflects early, rapid silicification preventing the alteration of biogeochemical signals inherited from biomass. Since silicification commenced during the lifetime of the microbial mat,FTIRsignals estimate the affinities of the architect community and may be used in the reconstruction of Archaean ecosystems. Together, these results show that Bacteria and Archaea flourished together in Earth's earliest ecosystems.
Findings encountered in percutaneous cholangiography in a case of post‐transplant recurrence of hepatic Langerhans cell histiocytosis with biliary involvement
Authors: Faden Iyad , Avitzur Yaron , Abla Oussama , Parra Dimitri A.
Published: September 2020

This case report describes a four‐year‐old boy who presented with the diagnosis of LCH with liver involvement. This required a living‐related liver transplant one year later. The primary disease recurred in the transplanted liver 6 months post‐transplant and led to progressive biliary dilatation. A percutaneous trans‐hepatic cholangiogram was performed five years after transplant, showing a pattern of multifocal biliary duct strictures mimicking the pattern of primary sclerosing cholangitis and a stenosis of the biliary‐enteric anastomosis. Despite management with an internal‐external biliary drain, the stenosis of the biliary‐enteric anastomosis evolved to an occlusion one year after drain removal. This was associated with progression of the changes in the biliary tree, this time associated with significant saccular dilatations secondary to the multiple areas of stenosis. Due to these findings and progressive deterioration of the function of the graft, the patient required re‐transplantation. This report illustrates the findings in imaging of the biliary tree secondary to the recurrence of LCH after liver transplantation, which may help to recognize this complication to physicians facing a similar clinical scenario.
Using behavioral science theory to enhance public health nursing
Authors: Sleet David A. , Dellinger Ann M.
Published: September 2020

The application of behavioral science theory is instrumental in advancing nursing research and practice. Nurses can benefit from a thorough understanding of theoretical perspectives related to health behavior change. Behavioral science theory can provide a conceptual context for understanding patient behavior, it can guide research on the determinants of health behavior and health service delivery, and it can offer alternative approaches to nursing practice that may improve the effectiveness of patient care. The aim of this paper is to provide some examples of behavioral theories that can be used in nursing research and practice, and provide an example of how one theory, Stages of Change (Transtheoretical Model), can be applied to older adult fall prevention. Given the critical role behavior plays in premature morbidity and mortality, public health nurses and researchers can benefit by broadening the use of theory in the design and implementation of interventions, using behavioral theory as their guide.
Free the Data from the Birdcage: Opening Up Data and Crowdsourcing Activism in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Mei‐chun
Published: September 2020

This article examines Campaign Finance Digitization (CFD), a data initiative launched by the civic hacker community g0v (pronounced gov zero) in Taiwan. How do data trigger activism even before “facts” are known? This initiative crowdsourced xiangmin (netizens) to transcribe campaign finance reports from physical documents to digital datasets so as to bring transparency to the bribery and corruption in politics in postauthoritarian Taiwan. The crowdsourcing technology used by CFD harnessed an assemblage of humans, machines, codes, and signals around the data; turned this gathering of human and nonhuman actors into a political movement; and used the information as process and political practices. The political significance of CFD lies not in the “facts” produced from the data but in the collaborative practice of opening up the data. With mass participation, the data moved beyond the descriptive form of representation to produce a new type of digital participatory citizenship.
Physiological and metabolomic responses of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) to alkali stress
Authors: Ye Tiantian , Wang Yanping , Feng Yu‐Qi , Chan Zhulong
Published: September 2020

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) is a widely used warm‐season turfgrass species with superior stress tolerance except for cold. In this study, a comparative analysis of the responses to alkali stress in bermudagrass at the physiological and metabolomic levels were performed. Mild alkali with relatively low pH slightly inhibited growth of bermudagrass as evidenced by lower electrolyte leakage, more rapid growth and higher survival rate when compared to moderate and severe alkali treatments. Moreover, the amount of 37 metabolites including amino acids, organic acids, sugars and sugar alcohols were modulated by the alkali treatments. Among them, 15 metabolites were involved in carbon and amino acid metabolic pathways. Under mild alkali stress, bermudagrass possibly slowed down metabolisms to maintain basic growth. However, moderate and severe alkali‐stressed plants accumulated significantly higher amount of carbohydrates which might result in carbon starvation. Taken together, alkali stress had severely inhibitory effect partially due to combined ionic stress and high pH stress. These results suggested that bermudagrass employed different strategies in response to alkali stresses with different pH and ionic values.
Comprehensive RNA‐seq analysis revealed molecular pathways and genes associated with drought tolerance in wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc.)
Authors: Aleem Muqadas , Raza Muhammad M. , Haider Muhammad S. , Atif Rana M. , Ali Zulfiqar , Bhat Javaid A. , Zhao Tuanjie
Published: September 2020

Drought stress at the germination stage is an important environmental stress limiting crop yield. Hence, our study investigated comparative root transcriptome profiles of four contrasting soybean genotypes viz., drought‐tolerant (PI342618B/DTP and A214/DTL) and drought‐sensitive (NN86‐4/DSP and A195/DSL) under drought stress using RNA‐Seq approach. A total of 4850 and 6272 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in tolerant (DTP and DTL) and sensitive (DSP and DSL) genotypes, respectively. Principle component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis revealed higher correlation between DTP and DTL. Both gene ontology (GO) and MapMan analyses showed that the drought response was enriched in DEGs associated with water and auxin transport, cell wall/membrane, antioxidant activity, catalytic activity, secondary metabolism, signaling and transcription factor (TF) activities. Out of 981 DEGs screened from above terms, only 547 showed consistent opposite expression between contrasting genotypes. Twenty‐eight DEGs of 547 were located on Chr.08 rich in QTLs and “Hotspot regions” associated with drought stress, and eight of them showed non‐synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism. Hence, 10 genes (including above eight genes plus two hub genes) were predicated as possible candidates regulating drought tolerance, which needs further functional validation. Overall, the transcriptome profiling provided in‐depth understanding about the genetic mechanism and candidate genes underlying drought tolerance in soybean.
The association between religious orientation and life satisfaction in older adults living with morbidity and multimorbidity: a gender perspective in Malaysia
Authors: Foong Hui F. , Hamid Tengku A. , Ibrahim Rahimah , Haron Sharifah A.
Published: September 2020

Background

Little is known about gender differences in the relationship between religious orientation and life satisfaction in older adults living with chronic disease(s). Therefore, the purpose of this article was to examine the moderating effect of gender on the association between religious orientation and life satisfaction in older adults living with morbidity and multimorbidity.

Methods

The study involved 1790 community‐dwelling older adults aged 60 and above living with at least one chronic medical condition. The Satisfaction with Life Scale and Revised Intrinsic/Extrinsic Religious Orientation Scale were used to measure life satisfaction and religious orientation. Moderated hierarchical multiple regression was used to test the moderation effect.

Results

Results showed that while intrinsic religiosity was positively associated with life satisfaction, extrinsic religiosity was found to have a negative relationship with life satisfaction. Gender moderated the association between intrinsic religiosity and life satisfaction.

Conclusions

The findings suggested that the positive impact of intrinsic religiosity on life satisfaction was stronger in older women living with morbidity and multimorbidity. Healthcare practitioners can help disadvantaged older women in identifying their religious values and practices to improve their subjective wellbeing.
Translocation of intrauterine‐infused bacterial lipopolysaccharides to the mammary gland in dexamethasone‐treated goats
Authors: Purba Fika Yuliza , Nii Takahiro , Yoshimura Yukinori , Isobe Naoki
Published: September 2020

Our previous study showed that intrauterine‐infused lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can be translocated to the mammary gland to induce weak inflammation. This study aimed to determine whether dexamethasone treatment facilitated the translocation of LPS from the uterus to the mammary gland to induce a heavy inflammatory response. Sixteen goats were divided into control and LPS groups, subjected to daily dexamethasone administration before saline or LPS infusion. Milk and blood samples were collected before and after LPS infusion to determine the milk yield and somatic cell count (SCC) and blood leucocyte count (BLC), cytokines, antimicrobial peptides and serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations. Mammary gland tissues were collected from two goats before and 24 hr after LPS infusion for immunohistochemical analysis of LPS. The mean SCC in the LPS group was significantly higher, whereas the milk yield was significantly lower than that in the control group after LPS infusion. The mean BLC in the LPS group was significantly lower than in the control group after LPS infusion. Furthermore, milk concentrations of IL‐1β, S100A8 and lactoferrin were higher in the LPS group than in the control group after infusion. LPS was detected in the connective tissues and inner alveolar spaces of the mammary glands 24 hr after LPS infusion. We concluded that dexamethasone administration facilitated the translocation of intrauterine‐infused LPS to the mammary gland, where it induced an inflammatory response. Therefore, LPS translocated from other organs, such as the uterus, can induce heavy inflammation in the mammary gland under immunosuppressive conditions.
UFMylation is associated with LPS‐induced inflammatory response in goat endometrial epithelial cells
Authors: Xiao Jinbang , Liu Shouqin , Yu Tong , Zhang Ruixue , Guo Xinyan , Jia Yanni , Shang Chunmei , Wang Aihua , Jin Yaping , Lin Pengfei
Published: September 2020

The endometrium plays an important role in the defence against invading pathogens, although the mechanisms are not clear. UFMylation is a recently discovered novel ubiquitination‐like modification system that plays a pivotal role in inflammation and the immune response. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of UFMylation on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammatory responses in immortalized goat endometrial epithelial cells (gEECs). Ubiquitin‐fold modifier conjugating enzyme 1 (UFM1) and DDRGK domain containing 1 (DDRGK1) were mainly localized in the luminal epithelium and glandular epithelium of mouse and goat endometrial tissues. The expression levels of UFM1, ubiquitin‐like modifier activating enzyme 5 (UBA5), UFM1 specific ligase 1 (UFL1) and DDRGK1, as key components of the UFMylation system, were significantly activated by 5 μg/mL LPS‐induced inflammatory response in gEECs for 6 hr. Meanwhile, the expression levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were significantly upregulated, and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) was significantly down‐regulated after overexpression of UFM1 in gEECs. Additionally, we observed UFM1 and DDRGK1 were markedly increased on LPS‐stimulated mouse endometritis in vivo. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that UFMylation was significantly activated by LPS and might be involved in regulating inflammatory response in gEECs.
The ongoing quest for a fountain of youth: Cell therapy for pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Chambers Daniel C.
Published: September 2020

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Macroprudential policy and the inward transmission of monetary policy: The case of Chile, Mexico, and Russia
Authors: Bush Georgia , Gómez Tomás , Jara Alejandro , Moreno David , Styrin Konstantin , Ushakova Yulia
Published: September 2020

This paper studies whether domestic macroprudential policy may attenuate the inward transmission of monetary policy shocks from the United States to domestic bank lending growth in three emerging market economies—Chile, Mexico, and Russia. Identification relies on banks’ heterogeneous exposure to prudential policies and the fact that foreign monetary policy shocks are exogenous from the perspective of these economies. After analyzing the effects of the aggregate domestic prudential policy stance, we focus on specific prudential policies targeting mortgage and consumer loans, as well as foreign‐currency deposits. Although our overall results are mixed, we find evidence that the strength of international monetary policy spillovers varies depending on the stance of domestic macroprudential policy. In particular, a tighter reserve requirement stance over foreign‐currency deposits in Chile dampens the effect of an international monetary policy shock on domestic local‐currency lending, but reinforces that on foreign‐currency lending, whereas in Russia, it dampens the effect on both local‐currency and foreign‐currency lending, although to different degrees. Prudential policies targeting the asset side of banks’ balance sheets, such as mortgage loans or consumer credit, are found to amplify international monetary policy spillovers in some cases and attenuate it in others, depending on the country context.
The interaction between macroprudential and monetary policies: The cases of Norway and Sweden
Authors: Cao Jin , Dinger Valeriya , Grodecka‐Messi Anna , Juelsrud Ragnar , Zhang Xin
Published: September 2020

To shed light on the interaction between macroprudential and monetary policies, we study the inward transmission of foreign monetary policy in conjunction with domestic macroprudential and monetary policies in Norway and Sweden. Using detailed bank‐level data, we show how Norwegian and Swedish banks’ lending reacts to monetary policy surprises arising abroad, controlling for the domestic macroprudential stance and the interaction between monetary and macroprudential policies. In both countries, domestic macroprudential policy helps mitigate the effects arising from foreign monetary surprises.
Downregulation of SOCS gene expression can inhibit the formation of acute and persistent BDV infections
Authors: Li Xuejiao , Xia Qing , Meng Caiyun , Wu Hao , Huang He , Qian Jun , Li Aimei , Zhai Aixia , Kao Wenping , Song Wuqi , Zhang Fengmin
Published: September 2020

High expression of suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) has been detected during various viral infections. As a negative feedback regulator, SOCS participates in the regulation of multiple signalling pathways. In this study, to study the related mechanism between SOCS and BDV and to explore the effect of SOCS on IFN pathways in nerve cells, downregulated of SOCS1/3 in oligodendroglial (OL) cells and OL cells persistently infected with BDV (OL/BDV) were constructed with RNA interference technology. An interferon inducer (poly I:C, PIC) and an IFN‐α/β R1 antibody were used as stimulation in the SOCS1/3 low‐expression cell models, qRT‐PCR was used to detect type I IFN and BDV nucleic acid expression, Western blot was used to detect the expression of BDV P40 protein. After BDV acute infection with OL cells which with downregulated SOCS expression, the virus accounting was not detected, and the viral protein expression was lower than that of OL/BDV cells; the OL/BDV cells with downregulated SOCS expression had lower virus nucleic acid and protein expression than OL/BDV cells. Stimulated by IFN‐α/β R1 antibody, the expression of type I interferon in OL/BDV cells decreased, and the content of BDV nucleic acid and protein increased, which was higher than that of OL/BDV cells. From the results, it was concluded that downregulating SOCS1/3 can inhibit the formation of acute BDV infection and virus replication in persistent BDV infection by promoting the expression of IFN‐α/β and that SOCS can be used as a new target for antiviral therapy.
Intergenerational Income Mobility in Denmark and the United States*
Authors: Helsø Anne‐Line
Published: September 2020

In this paper, I conduct a novel comparison of intergenerational income mobility in Denmark and the United States, based on high‐quality administrative data for both countries. The results confirm that the United States is substantially less mobile than Denmark, but they also show that the differences in mobility are smaller than previously reported. Mobility differences are larger for family income than individual income. When the individual incomes of children are considered, mobility differences are smaller for daughters than for sons. I also show that the estimated intergenerational elasticity of income for Denmark is quite robust to whether taxes or public transfers are included in the income measure.
Mothers’ stress and behavioral and emotional problems in children with ADHD. Mediation of coping strategies
Authors: Berenguer Carmen , Rosello Belen , Miranda Ana
Published: September 2020

The present study compared mothers’ stress and the behavioral/emotional problems of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and children with typical development (TD). Furthermore, the relationships among the mothers’ stress, the children’s behavioral/emotional problems, and the mothers’ coping strategies in both groups were identified. The contribution of behavioral/emotional problems to parenting stress in children with ADHD was also studied through mediation effects of the mothers’ coping strategies. The parenting stress, coping orientation to problems, and strengths and difficulties questionnaires were administered to 72 mothers of children from 7 to 11 years old: 35 with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD and 37 with typical development. The comparison analyses showed that the mothers’ stress and the behavioral/emotional problems of their children were significantly higher in the group with ADHD than in the group without ADHD. Correlation analyses revealed different correlation patterns in the two groups, with behavioral/emotional problems significantly associated with parenting stress and with the disengagement and cognitive reframing coping reported by the mothers of children with ADHD. In addition, the disengagement coping strategy was a significant mediator in the relationship between behavioral/emotional problems and mothers’ stress, according to the mediation analysis. The findings illustrate the need to include training in both behavioral strategies and coping strategies in counseling in order to help mothers buffer the impact of stress. This work is supported by the project PSI2016‐78109 (AEI/FEDER, UE) and by University of Valencia UV‐INV‐PREDOC15‐265889.
Construct Validity of Cultural Theory Survey Measures
Authors: Swedlow Brendon , Ripberger Joseph T. , Liu Li‐Yin , Silva Carol L. , Jenkins‐Smith Hank , Johnson Branden B.
Published: September 2020

Objective

Cultural Theory (CT) has attracted significant attention across the social sciences and is increasingly being used in survey research. We assess the construct validity of three CT survey operationalizations to help interpret and improve these measures.

Methods

A coding protocol for face and content validity of survey items was developed with input from several CT scholars and applied independently by two of authors of this article. Convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of these items were assessed using survey data.

Results

We find that these measures generally lack face and content validity but have reasonably good convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity.

Conclusion

While these measures can continue to be used to predict attitudes and behaviors that CT hypothesizes will vary with culture, scholars interested in testing CT's basic claims in survey research should seek to improve their face and content validity, which will also allow better tests of convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity.
A complex junction recognition method based on GoogLeNet model
Authors: Li Chengming , Zhang Honggang , Wu Pengda , Yin Yong , Liu Sichao
Published: September 2020

Complex junctions are typical microstructures in large‐scale road networks with intricate structures and varied morphologies. It is a challenge to identify junctions in map generalization and car navigation tasks accurately. Generally, traditional recognition methods rely on low‐level characteristics of manual design, such as parallelism and symmetry. In recent years, preliminary studies using deep learning‐based recognition methods were conducted. However, only a few junction types can be recognized by existing methods, and these methods cannot effectively identify junctions with irregular shapes and numerous interference sections. Hence, this article proposes a complex junction recognition method based on the GoogLeNet model. First, the Delaunay triangulation clustering algorithm was used to automatically identify the center point and spatial range of training samples for complex junctions. Second, vector training samples were selected from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data of 39 cities across China, and the samples were then augmented through simplification, rotation, and mirroring. Finally, the vector sample data were transformed into raster images, and the GoogLeNet model was trained to learn the high‐level fuzzy characteristics. Experiments based on OSM data from Tianjin city, China, revealed that compared with state‐of‐the‐art methods, the proposed method effectively identified more types of complex junctions and achieved a significantly higher identification accuracy. Furthermore, the proposed method has strong generalizability and anti‐interference capability.