bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Precise time and frequency transfer combined BeiDou’s RDSS and RNSS signals
Authors: Liu Wenxue , Yuan Hong , Ge Jian , Xu Ying
Published: November 2019

Unlike other satellite navigation systems such as GPS (Global Positioning System), the BeiDou satellite navigation system broadcasts RDSS (Radio Determination Satellite Service) and RNSS (Radio Navigation Satellite Service) signals simultaneously on its GEO (geostationary earth orbit) satellites and provides related navigation services. This paper studies the method of using the RDSS and RNSS signals of BeiDou to achieve accurate frequency and time transmission. We analyze the generation mechanism of RDSS signal and RNSS signal of BeiDou GEO satellite, establish a mathematical model of RDSS and RNSS signal frequency transfer, and derive an equation based on BeiDou’s RDSS and RNSS signals for accurate frequency and time transmission. We also verified the relevant performance of the method through computer simulation. The results show that the combination of RDSS and RNSS signals from the BeiDou satellite system provides a new solution for its application in precise time and frequency transmission. This method is different from other satellite navigation systems such as GPS and is unique to the BeiDou system, with high accuracy and low dependence on satellite orbit accuracy.
Strategies for increasing participation in mail-out colorectal cancer screening programs: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Goodwin Belinda C. , Ireland Michael J. , March Sonja , Myers Larry , Crawford-Williams Fiona , Chambers Suzanne K. , Aitken Joanne F. , Dunn Jeff
Published: November 2019

Background

Population mail-out bowel screening programs are a convenient, cost-effective and sensitive method of detecting colorectal cancer (CRC). Despite the increased survival rates associated with early detection of CRC, in many countries, 50% or more of eligible individuals do not participate in such programs. The current study systematically reviews interventions applied to increase fecal occult blood test (FOBT) kit return, specifically in population mail-out programs.

Methods

Five electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, CINAHL, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses) were searched for articles published before the 10th of March 2018. Studies were included if they reported the results of an intervention designed to increase the return rate of FOBT kits that had been mailed to individuals’ homes. PRISMA systematic review reporting methods were applied and each study was assessed using Cochrane’s Risk of Bias tool. Pooled effect sizes were calculated for each intervention type and the risk of bias was tested as a moderator for sensitivity analysis.

Results

The review identified 53 interventions from 30 published studies from which nine distinct intervention strategy types emerged. Sensitivity analysis showed that the risk of bias marginally moderated the overall effect size. Pooled risk ratios and confidence intervals for each intervention type revealed that telephone contact RR = 1.23, 95% CI (1.08–1.40), GP endorsement RR = 1.19, 95% CI (1.10–1.29), simplified test procedures RR = 1.17, 95% CI (1.09–1.25), and advance notifications RR = 1.09, 95% CI (1.07–1.11) were effective intervention strategies with small to moderate effect sizes. Studies with a high risk of bias were removed and pooled effects remained relatively unchanged.

Conclusions

Interventions that combine program-level changes incorporating the issue of advance notification and alternative screening tools with the involvement of primary health professionals through endorsement letters and telephone contact should lead to increases in kit return in mail-out CRC screening programs.

Systematic review registration

This review is registered with PROSPERO; registration number CRD42017064652
Agrobacterium spp. nosocomial outbreak assessment using rapid MALDI-TOF MS based typing, confirmed by whole genome sequencing
Authors: Casanova Carlo , Lo Priore Elia , Egli Adrian , Seth-Smith Helena M. B. , Räber Lorenz , Ott Daniel , Pflüger Valentin , Droz Sara , Marschall Jonas , Sommerstein Rami
Published: November 2019

Background

A number of episodes of nosocomial Agrobacterium spp. bacteremia (two cases per year) were observed at Bern University Hospital, Switzerland, from 2015 to 2017. This triggered an outbreak investigation.

Methods

Cases of Agrobacterium spp. bacteremias that occurred between August 2011 and February 2017 were investigated employing line lists, environmental sampling, rapid protein- (MALDI-TOF MS), and genome-based typing (pulsed field gel electrophoresis and whole genome sequencing) of the clinical isolates.

Results

We describe a total of eight bacteremia episodes due to A. radiobacter (n = 2), Agrobacterium genomovar G3 (n = 5) and A. pusense (n = 1). Two tight clusters were observed by WGS typing, representing the two A. radiobacter isolates (cluster I, isolated in 2015) and four of the Agrobacterium genomovar G3 isolates (cluster II, isolated in 2016 and 2017), suggesting two different point sources. The epidemiological investigations revealed two computer tomography (CT) rooms as common patient locations, which correlated with the two outbreak clusters. MALDI-TOF MS permitted faster evaluation of strain relatedness than DNA-based methods. High resolution WGS-based typing confirmed the MALDI-TOF MS clustering.

Conclusions

We report clinical and epidemiological characteristics of two outbreak clusters with Agrobacterium. spp. bacteremia likely acquired during CT contrast medium injection and highlight the use of MALDI-TOF MS as a rapid tool to assess relatedness of rare gram-negative pathogens in an outbreak investigation.
Effects of food processing methods on migration of heavy metals to food
Authors: Lee Joon-Goo , Hwang Jeong-Yun , Lee Hye-Eun , Kim Tae-Hun , Choi Jang-Duck , Gang Gil-Jin
Published: November 2019

Heavy metals including Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Arsenic (As) and Aluminium (Al) were analysed in oilseeds, noodles, tea leaves and their processed or cooked products to study the effects of food processing methods on migration of heavy metals. The heavy metals were determined with ICP-MS and ICP-OES following microwave-assisted acid digestion. Heavy metals in oilseeds, noodles and teas were reduced by extracting oils, boiling noodles, and infusing teas. And the transfer of heavy metals into boiling water and infusion tea was increased as the boiling and infusion time is increased. Heavy metals in foods are water soluble and heavy metals in foods would be decreased when foods are processed or cooked with water. Furthermore, it is needed to determine the migration rates in other cooked foods and assess the risk of heavy metals with concentrations calculated by the migration rates.
Pancreaticoduodenectomy following total occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ohtsuka Reo , Amano Hodaka , Hashimoto Michiyo , Iwao Toshiyasu
Published: November 2019

Background

Patients with chronic occlusion of the celiac artery and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) are often asymptomatic, and occlusion may be caused by arteriosclerosis or median arcuate ligament compression. Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is occasionally performed for patients with celiac artery occlusion; however, reports on patients with SMA occlusion are rare. We report a patient with cholangiocarcinoma and total atherosclerotic occlusion of the SMA without preoperative stenting or bypass.

Case presentation

A 73-year-old man suspected to have lower bile duct carcinoma was admitted to our hospital for further treatment. Three-dimensional computed tomography (3DCT) showed a common bile duct tumor and total occlusion of the SMA with collateral circulation of the gastroduodenal artery (GDA) and inferior mesenteric artery (IMA). We performed a PD. During the operation, we used test clamping of the GDA, which revealed no bowel ischemia. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day (POD) 30. 3DCT on POD 98 and POD 307 showed development of collateral circulation between the IMA and SMA.

Conclusion

Here, we report the case of a patient with total occlusion of the SMA who subsequently underwent PD. 3DCT was instrumental in gathering vascular collateral information and thus we conclude that the assessment of collateral circulation before surgery is important.
The reporting of progression criteria in protocols of pilot trials designed to assess the feasibility of main trials is insufficient: a meta-epidemiological study
Authors: Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Kosa Sarah Daisy , Lawson Daeria O. , Stalteri Rosa , Olaiya Oluwatobi R. , Alotaibi Ahlam , Thabane Lehana
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Pilot and feasibility trials are conducted to determine feasibility or to collect information that would inform the design of a larger definitive trial. Clear progression criteria are required to determine if a definitive or main trial is feasible and how it should be designed. We sought to determine how often progression criteria are reported and the associated factors.

Methods

We conducted a methodological review of protocols for pilot randomised trials published in three journals that publish research protocols (BMJ Open, Trials, Pilot and Feasibility Studies), using a PubMed search (2013–2017). We extracted bibliometric information including the country in which the study was conducted, source of funding, type of intervention, use of a primary feasibility outcome, sample size reporting, and justification. We used generalised linear models to determine the factors associated with reporting progression criteria.

Results

Our search retrieved 276 articles, of which 49 were not eligible. We included 227 articles. Overall, 45/227 (19.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 14.8–25.6) reported progression criteria. Protocols published in more recent years were significantly associated with higher odds of reporting progression criteria (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.40; 95% CI 1.03–1.92; p = 0.034). Pilot trials from Europe (aOR 0.19; 95% CI 0.08–0.48; p < 0.001) and the rest of the world (aOR 0.05; 95% CI 0.01–0.18; p < 0.003) compared to North America were significantly associated with lower odds of reporting progression criteria. Journal, source of funding, sample size, intervention type, and having a primary outcome related to feasibility were not significantly associated with reporting progression criteria.

Conclusion

Progression criteria are not often explicitly stated in protocols of pilot trials leaving room for varied interpretation of findings. The development of formal guidance for progression criteria in protocols of pilot trials is warranted.
Postabortion contraceptive use in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study
Authors: Mekuria Anteneh , Gutema Hordofa , Wondiye Habtamu , Abera Million
Published: November 2019

Background

Although promoting postabortion family planning is very important and effective strategy to avert unwanted pregnancy, less attention was given to it in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess contraceptive use and factors which are affecting it among women after abortion in Bahir Dar town.

Methods

Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted in Bahir Dar town. The data was collected using structured interviewer administered questionnaire from women who obtain the abortion services. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association that demographic factor and reproductive characteristics have with postabortion contracetive use. Findings with p-value of < 0.05 at 95% CI were considered as statistically significant.

Results

A total of 400 women who received abortion service were participated in this study. The proportion of postabortion contraceptive use is 78.5%. Single women are 7.2 times more likely use contraceptive after abortion as compared to their counterpart. Contraceptive use is 2 times higher among women who have previous history of abortion as compared to their counterpart. Women who used contraceptive previously and who used contraception for index pregnancy are 4.73 and 2.64 times more likely to use contraceptive after abortion as compared to their counterpart respectively.

Conclusion

Postabortion contraceptive use is associated with age, marital status, having previous history of abortion, previous contraceptive use and using contraception for index pregnancy. Greater emphasis should be given on providing postabortion contraceptive counselling to increase utilization of postabortion contraceptive use.
Engaging children and families in pediatric Health Research: a scoping review
Authors: Flynn Rachel , Walton Sarah , Scott Shannon D.
Published: November 2019

Aim

Patient engagement (PE) in pediatric health services research is challenging due to contextual factors such as busyness of parenting, work schedules, and diverse family structures. This scoping review seeks to comprehensively map current PE strategies with parents and families across existing published pediatric health research literature.

Methods

We followed Arksey and O’Malley (2005) and Levac et al., (2010) six-stage scoping review process. We conducted the search strategy in Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Psychinfo databases. Data were extracted from included articles; evidence tables were developed and narrative synthesis was completed.

Results

Of 3925 retrieved records, seventeen articles were included in the review. Patient engagement primarily occurred through strategies such as advisory groups, meetings, focus groups and interviews. Strategies were used to engage patients at various levels, for different purposes (e.g., to inform, participate, consult, involve collaborate and/or lead). These strategies were also used at various stages of the research process. Navigating power differences, time and money were commonly reported challenges. Inconsistent terminology plagued (e.g., stakeholder engagement, consumer participation, patient and public involvement, participatory research) this body of literature and clarity is urgently needed.

Conclusions

This review offers insights into current PE strategies used in pediatric health services research and offers insight for researchers considering employing PE in the future.
Thermal non-line-of-sight imaging from specular and diffuse reflections
Authors: Kaga Masaki , Kushida Takahiro , Takatani Tsuyoshi , Tanaka Kenichiro , Funatomi Takuya , Mukaigawa Yasuhiro
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a non-line-of-sight technique to estimate the position and temperature of an occluded object from a camera via reflection on a wall. Because objects with heat emit far infrared light with respect to their temperature, positions and temperatures are estimated from reflections on a wall. A key idea is that light paths from a hidden object to the camera depend on the position of the hidden object. The position of the object is recovered from the angular distribution of specular and diffuse reflection component, and the temperature of the heat source is recovered from the estimated position and the intensity of reflection. The effectiveness of our method is evaluated by conducting real-world experiments, showing that the position and the temperature of the hidden object can be recovered from the reflection destination of the wall by using a conventional thermal camera.
18F-NaF PET/CT imaging of bone formation induced by bioactive glass S53P4 after mastoid obliteration
Authors: Timmermans Adriana J. , Quak Jasper J. , Hagen Petronella J. , Colnot David R.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Bioactive glass has been successfully used for surgical treatment of chronic infections in bone and bone cavities. Besides infection control, new bone formation is induced by the bioactive glass which is considered to have osteoconductive properties. Evaluation of postsurgical changes after bone graft surgery is generally performed with conventional radiographs or CT/MR imaging, but 18F-NaF PET/CT might be more suitable since it has a high and rapid bone uptake, accompanied by a fast blood clearance leading to a high bone to background ratio.

Case

Obliteration with S53P4 bioactive glass of the mastoid and middle ear was performed in a patient suffering from chronic otitis media. Control of the chronic otitis media was achieved, and follow-up imaging after 3 years with 18F-NaF PET/CT showed increased uptake in the obliterated cavity indicating new bone formation.

Conclusion

18F-NaF PET/CT is able to detect new bone formation after obliteration of the mastoid with S53P4 bioactive glass.
Update on the management of alcohol use disorders
Authors: Sinclair Julia M. A. , O'Neill Aimee
Published: November 2019

Alcohol use disorders (AUD) are common, particularly in patients attending mental health services. Clinicians are often hesitant to explore with patients their relationship with alcohol and the role that it has in their presenting complaint, despite being ideally placed to optimise on a ‘teachable moment’ and initiate treatment, where necessary. This article provides an overview of AUD and their identification and management options.
Worldwide Trends in Survival From Common Childhood Brain Tumors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Girardi Fabio , Allemani Claudia , Coleman Michel P.
Published: November 2019

PURPOSE

The histology of brain tumors determines treatment and predicts outcome. Population-based survival reflects the effectiveness of a health care system in managing cancer. No systematic review of worldwide variation and time trends in survival from brain tumors in children is currently available.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We considered longitudinal, observational studies comprising children diagnosed with intracranial astrocytic or embryonal tumors. We searched six electronic databases from database inception to September 30, 2018, using complex search strategies. The outcome measure was 5-year survival, estimated through a time-to-event analysis. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42018111981.

RESULTS

Among 5,244 studies, we identified 47 eligible articles that provided 228 survival estimates. Only five studies were entirely or partially conducted in low-income or middle-income countries. Five-year survival from embryonal tumors increased from 37% in 1980 to approximately 60% in 2009. Although survival for medulloblastoma improved substantially (from 29% to 73% during 1959-2009), survival for primitive neuroectodermal tumors wavered over time (1973-2009) and between countries. Five-year survival from astrocytoma changed very little over the 27 years between 1982 and 2009 (from 78% to 89%). Interpretation of the literature was made difficult by the heterogeneity of study designs.

CONCLUSION

Survival has improved for embryonal tumors, but little change has been observed for astrocytic tumors. We found a striking gap in knowledge about survival from childhood brain tumor subtypes in middle-income and low-income countries, where half of these tumors are diagnosed. Larger studies are needed, including in under-represented countries and based on standardized data collection, to provide up-to-date survival estimates.
Maternal Testosterone Excess Contributes to Reproductive System Dysfunction of Female Offspring Mice
Authors: Zhou Yu , Zhang Anhong , Gong Min , Lu Yingfei , Zhao Chengcheng , Shen Xia , Zhang Xiaomei , Wang Lin , Chen Jianquan , Ju Rong
Published: November 2019

Hyperandrogenism is considered 1 of the most important characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome, which affects more than 10% of females of reproductive age and is a common cause of infertility. In addition to the effects on patients themselves, maternal androgen excess has also been reported to impair the growth and development of offspring. In our current study, we found that maternal testosterone (T) treatment during different gestational stages increased the percentage of atretic follicle and decreased corpus luteum formation in female offspring. In addition, decreased serum estradiol and increased T levels were also observed in female offspring of T-treated mice during late gestational stage. Further studies revealed that Forkhead box protein L2 (FOXL2) and Cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily a member 1 (CYP19A1) expression in granulosa cells of these female offspring mice were decreased. By using mouse primary granulosa cells and the KGN cell line, we demonstrated that decreasing FOXL2 and CYP19A1 levels in ovarian granulosa cells partially may contribute to disturbed sex hormone synthesis in female offspring of T-treated mice during the late gestational stage. Findings from our current study highlight a critical role of excess maternal T exposure, especially during the late gestational stage, which could further lead to aberrant ovary development and sex hormone synthesis in female offspring.
Peripheral Urbanism, Imperial Maturity, and the Crisis of Development in Lao She's Rickshaw and Mulk Raj Anand's Coolie
Authors: Vandertop Caitlin
Published: November 2019

The theory of combined and uneven development has provided a new interpretive framework for studies of the novel in recent years, opening up connections between the central premise that capitalism produces an “amalgam of archaic with more contemporary forms” and modernist experiments with narrative time. This article locates antidevelopmental narratives in the uneven culture of the peripheral metropolis, focusing on two twentieth-century urban novels: Lao She's Rickshaw (1936–37) and Mulk Raj Anand's Coolie (1936). Tracing the journeys of migrant workers engaged in informal labor in Peking (Beijing) and Bombay (Mumbai), respectively, the novels juxtapose the visual cultures of colonial modernization with everyday, arresting experiences of poverty and precarity on the city streets. In staging the untimely deaths of their rickshaw-pulling protagonists, they not only interrupt individual developmental trajectories but also challenge the progressive telos underpinning discourses of “imperial maturity” in their respective cities. Central to this challenge is the rickshaw itself, as both a symbol of uneven development and a vehicle that literally and metaphorically drags the protagonists back, bringing an abrupt end to the journey to maturity and, consequently, to the narrative arc of the bildungsroman. In this way, the novels' proto-postcolonial formal interventions are grounded in the visible unevenness of their urban settings.
The Describer's Nightmare: Touching Form in Colson Whitehead's John Henry Days
Authors: Feldman Ezra Dan
Published: November 2019

The form and formlessness of histories, regions, races, ballads, fictions, lists, characters, and mountains are among the topics of concern in Colson Whitehead's John Henry Days, and they pose a real challenge to conveying what this novel is like. Caroline Levine's Forms: Whole, Rhythm, Hierarchy, Network advocates considering forms in terms of their affordances, “the potential uses or actions latent in materials and designs” (6). This depends, however, on the reliable identification of forms in a particular text, activity, or material; and the critical response to John Henry Days gives us evidence that, while we can analyze forms the novel deploys and contains, it remains a challenge to identify the novel's form as a whole. In a different vein, Heather Love's work on description is explicitly concerned with “forms of analysis,” but not with the analysis of form per se. The present examination of John Henry Days attempts to bridge such valuable conversations about form and description. This article argues that as John Henry Days grapples with describing forms that constantly remake themselves, it takes a position akin to science and technology studies scholar Michael Lynch's theoretical agnosticism with respect to capital-O Ontology. Refusing anything like a full-blown theory of form, John Henry Days both practices and advocates provisional taxonomy—touching and moving on—as a way of knowing its ever-changing material. This article's analysis of the describer's nightmare is thus a case study for Lynch's claim that “particular descriptions—including descriptions of ontologies—can make sense, apparently even to others who do not share our grand theories.”
A Time to Eat and a Time to Exercise
Authors: Parr Evelyn B. , Heilbronn Leonie K. , Hawley John A.
Published: November 2019

This Perspective for Progress provides a synopsis for the potential of time-restricted eating (TRE) to rescue some of the deleterious effects on circadian biology induced by our modern-day lifestyle. We provide novel insights into the comparative and potential complementary effects of TRE and exercise training on metabolic health.
Association of Fish Oil and Physical Activity on Mobility Disability in Older Adults
Authors: BALACHANDRAN ANOOP , GUNDERMANN DAVID M. , WALKUP MICHAEL P. , KING ABBY C. , AMBROSIUS WALTER T. , KRITCHEVSKY STEPHEN B. , PAHOR MARCO , NEWMAN ANNE B. , MANINI TODD M.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

This study aimed to examine whether long-term fish oil (FO) supplementation is associated with a lower risk of mobility disability and enhances benefits of physical activity (PA).

Methods

A total of 1635 sedentary adults age 70 to 89 yr from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders single-blinded randomized, multicenter clinical trial, which compared a structured PA program to a health education program. Primary outcome was incident major mobility disability (MMD), defined by loss of ability to walk 400 m, measured every 6 months for an average of 2.6 yr. Secondary outcomes included persistent mobility disability, Short Physical Performance Battery, 400-m walk speed, and grip strength.

Results

A third of participants reported using FO at baseline (456 (28%); mean age, 78.5 yr; 70.5% women). MMD was experienced by 131 participants (28.7%) in the FO group and 405 (34.4%) participants in the nonuser group. After adjusting for confounders, FO supplementation was associated with a lower risk (HR, 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.64–0.96) of incident MMD. However, there was no interaction (P = 0.19) between FO supplementation and PA intervention for MMD. For the secondary outcome of persistent mobility disability, the intervention association differed by supplementation (P = 0.002) with PA intervention associations of (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.83–2.23) for users and (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.46–0.81) for nonusers. Changes in physical performance outcomes were not modified by baseline FO supplementation or combination with PA.

Conclusions

FO supplementation was associated with a lower risk of MMD in low to moderate functioning older adults. However, supplementation did not enhance the benefit of PA on risk of mobility disability. These results are hypothesis generating and need to be confirmed in randomized trials.
Podocyte RhoGTPases: new therapeutic targets for nephrotic syndrome?
Authors: Saleem Moin A. , Welsh Gavin I.
Published: November 2019

Podocytes, or glomerular epithelial cells, form the final layer in the glomerular capillary wall of the kidney. Along with the glomerular basement membrane and glomerular endothelial cells, they make up the glomerular filtration barrier which allows the passage of water and small molecules and, in healthy individuals, prevents the passage of albumin and other key proteins. The podocyte is a specialised and terminally differentiated cell with a specific cell morphology that is largely dependent on a highly dynamic underlying cytoskeletal network and that is essential for maintaining glomerular function and integrity in healthy kidneys. The RhoGTPases (RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42), which act as molecular switches that regulate actin dynamics, are known to play a crucial role in maintaining the cytoskeletal and molecular integrity of the podocyte foot processes in a dynamic manner. Recently, novel protein interaction networks that regulate the RhoGTPases in the podocyte and that are altered by disease have been discovered. This review will discuss these networks and their potential as novel therapeutic targets in nephrotic syndrome. It will also discuss the evidence that they are direct targets for (a) steroids, the first-line agents for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome, and (b) certain kinase inhibitors used in cancer treatment, leading to nephrotoxicity.
СЕМАНТИЧЕСКОЕ РЕКОНСТРУИРОВАНИЕ КАК РЕЗУЛЬТАТ ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРНОЙ ПЕРЕОРИЕНТАЦИИ
Authors: Yurova Tatyana Alexandrovna
Published: November 2019

Интерес исследователей к решению проблем, связанных с лингвокультурным доминированием, в результате которого модифицируется семантика заимствованных единиц, предопределен желанием добраться до сути явления культуры, существующего в тесной связи с языком, как особой конфигурации бытия человека на земле. Язык при подобном раскладе может выступать в роли инструмента, помогающего истолковать суть культуры, мировоззрения и мироощущения этноса.Цель. Данная статья посвящена анализу семантической деформации неологизмов-заимствований, обусловленной лингвокультурным доминированием.Метод и методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют метод частичной выборки из текстов электронных версий российских газет, описательный метод лингвистического анализа, метод интерактивного опроса.Результаты. Результаты анализа показали, что существует ряд лексических инноваций, которые могут быть отнесены к актуализированной лексике, т.е. словам ранее употреблявшимся, но вернувшимся в языковую сферу применения в другом значении. В качестве причин появления обновленной семантики неологизмов – заимствований могут быть названы: лингвокультурная переориентация, давление; сила культурного доминирования; лингвокультурная эволюция этнического сознания.Область применения. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в теоретических курсах по лексикологии английского языка и лингвокультурологии, а также в спецкурсах по дискурсу современных СМИ.
СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ ОТЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПРОИЗВОДНЫХ В ЭВЕНСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Authors: Nesterova Elena Vasilievna
Published: November 2019

Цель. Статья посвящена изучению словообразовательных процессов на базе имен числительных в эвенском языке. Автор ставит целью выявить структурно-словообразовательные особенности отчислительных производных в словообразовательном гнезде с вершиной ɵм- в эвенском языке.Метод или методология проведения работы. В исследовании применен гнездовой подход изучения словообразования. Основным методом исследования служит описательный, использованы методы словообразовательного и семантического анализа.Результаты. В статье установлен деривационный объем словообразовательного гнезда с вершиной ɵм- в эвенском языке. Основную часть дериватов составляют числительные различных разрядов эвенского языка, также среди производных выявлены глагол, залоговая форма глагола, имена существительные, имя прилагательное, наречия. Структура словообразовательного гнезда состоит из синтагматических и парадигматических связей. Высокая деривационная активность наблюдается на первой ступени словообразования.Область применения результатов. Результаты работы могут быть применены в исследованиях по синхронномусловообразованию в эвенском языке, в сопоставительных исследованиях производной номинации эвенского и других языков.
РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ ВОЛЮНТАТИВНОЙ ФУНКЦИИ В КОМПЬЮТЕРНО-ОПОСРЕДОВАННОЙ ДЕЛОВОЙ ИНТЕРАКЦИИ
Authors: Vorobyova Anna Evgen’evna , Vinogradova Ekaterina Anatol’evna
Published: November 2019

В статье описываются механизмы речевоздействующего потенциала англоязычных текстов электронной деловой корреспонденции в ракурсе определенных типов паттернов психологического воздействия.Цель исследования состоит в выявлении и анализе ресурсов суггестии, используемых продуцентами электронных деловых сообщений в зависимости от их ego-состояний. Предметом изучения выступают специфически маркированные элементы англоязычных текстов электронной коммерческой корреспонденции, призванные имплицитно способствовать реализации целеустановки адресанта. В настоящей работе для более целостного взгляда на феномен речевого воздействия в такой специфической области, как деловая риторика предпринята попытка интеграции теории трансактного анализа Э. Берна с прагмалингвистическими парадигмами.Методы исследования включают общенаучные методы анализа и синтеза, когнитивный анализ, контент-анализ, скрипт-анализ, а также лингвистический анализ средств суггестии.Наиболее значимыми результатами исследования представляются выводы о том, что характер делового электронного взаимодействия определяется ego-состоянием коммуникантов и развивается согласно определенному паттерну. Выбор инструментов речевого воздействия предопределен прагматическими установками индивидуума и проявляется на лингвистическом и макролингвистическом уровне.Область применения результатов. Представленные положения и выводы могут представлять интерес не только для психолингвистики, объясняющей закономерности речевого поведения бизнесменов-продуцентов в сетевом деловом дискурсе, но и для теории интенциональности речевого поведения.
Opioid mortality in rural communities
Authors: Kopel Jonathan
Published: November 2019

Opioid mortality has become a significant medical and economic burden in the UnitedStates, accounting for over 66.3% of drug-related overdoses and $78 billion dollars in healthcare costs. The current US “opioid crisis” has continued to grow with an estimated 2.5 millionpatients being diagnosed with opioid use disorders in 2016. In response, policy makers andgovernment agencies have initiated several programs to mitigate the adverse effects of opioidsthrough expanding access and delivery of evidenced-based treatment and rehabilitationprograms. Rural communities remain significant risk factors for opioid overdose and mortalityin areas lacking access to opioid therapy. Despite measures to provide access to rehabilitationand medical therapy, the opioid-related mortality rate in rural areas has increased significantlydue to greater opioid prescriptions in these areas, an out-migration of young adults, greaterrural social and kinship network connections, and economic stressors. However, limitedopioid-related mortality data in rural regions, such as West Texas, impede further analysisand investigation into effective programs for preventing and treating opioid overdoses in thesecommunities.
Entry into Complementary Good Markets with Network Effects
Authors: Llanes Gastón , Mantovani Andrea , Ruiz-Aliseda Francisco
Published: November 2019

Network effects and complementarities are salient features of the digital economy. We examine whether complementarities can help a firm enter a market with strong network effects and incumbency advantages. We provide conditions under which bundling the network good with a complementary good can be an optimal entry strategy, and we show that this strategy should not be subject to anticompetitive concerns (in both the short and the long term). When product complementarity is weak enough, we also show that an entrant may prefer a more cooperative approach not based on bundling but rather on extending the complementarity benefits to the incumbent’s network good.
Para além da subsunção e do sopesamento: uma crítica à teoria da proporcionalidade a partir do caso da liberdade de expressão | Beyond subsumption and balancing: a critique of proportionality theory from the case of freedom of speech
Authors: Ribeiro Caio Gentil
Published: November 2019

Este artigo apresenta críticas à teoria da proporcionalidade defendida por Robert Alexy. Para isso, após descrever a estrutura dessa teoria, trata de sua utilização em casos envolvendo a liberdade de expressão; mais especificamente, das relações entre liberdade de expressão e publicidade abusiva e entre liberdade de expressão e financiamento de campanhas eleitorais. As críticas à proporcionalidade são feitas a partir do argumento de Ronald Dworkin sobre como devem ser delimitados direitos subjetivos e do método utilizado por John Rawls na construção de sua teoria da justiça, destacando como a teoria de Alexy, apesar de pretensamente neutra, é incompatível com essas duas abordagens substantivas. Defende, então, que tal incompatibilidade deriva da presunção de que não existe outra forma de raciocínio jurídico além da dicotomia subsunção/sopesamento. Por fim, sugere que a utilização disseminada da proporcionalidade como forma de justificação compromete a legitimidade do direito como meio de coerção.
A cor dos subintegrados e a omissão do constitucionalismo: entre reconhecimento e inclusão das comunidades quilombolas | The color of the sub-integrated and the omission of constitutionalism: recognition and inclusion of the quilombola communities
Authors: Soares Pereira Paulo Fernando
Published: November 2019

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar a problemática da inclusão das comunidades quilombolas na dialética constitucional brasileira, pretendendo, dessa forma, superar a tradicional discussão que gira em torno das teorias de reconhecimento. Valendo-se dos conceitos de sobreintegração e subintegração, parte da hipótese segundo a qual é essencial trazer para o debate constitucional brasileiro a questão racial, negligenciada desde a Constituição de 1891, o que tem gerado, até os dias atuais, um empecilho às políticas de inclusão, sendo necessário, dessa forma, “dizer a cor dos subintegrados”. A metodologia consistiu na revisão crítica da literatura, incluindo os debates em torno dos debates decoloniais, que contribuem para repensar os conceitos tradicionais das ciências sociais, inclusive os constitucionais.
O Estado Neoconstitucional de Direito e a Eficácia das Normas Constitucionais | The neoconstitutional rule of law and the effectiveness of constitutional norms
Authors: Goés Guilherme Sandoval
Published: November 2019

A teoria neoconstitucional do direito trouxe mudanças paradigmáticas na eficácia das normas constitucionais, seja pela capacidade científica de atribuir força normativa aos princípios jurídicos, seja pela superação do positivismo jurídico de aplicação mecânica do direito. Com efeito, o paradigma positivista não reconhecia o caráter normativo dos princípios constitucionais, considerando-os meras normas programáticas sem latitude normativa para assegurar direitos subjetivos. É por isso que o presente artigo propõe novas modalidades da eficácia constitucional a partir de uma “estrutura normativa tridimensional”, composta de uma área nuclear (área de conteúdo essencial da norma constitucional), uma área de ponderação de valores (zona de conflito com outras normas constitucionais de mesma hierarquia) e, finalmente, uma área metajurisdicional (domínio de eficácia meramente negativa, sem criação jurisprudencial do direito).
Entre exceção e harmonização: o debate teórico sobre a regulação da Internet | Between exception and harmonization: the theoretical debate on Internet regulation
Authors: Keller Clara Iglesias
Published: November 2019

O artigo aborda os principais insumos teóricos subjacentes às discussões sobre regulação dos serviços prestados através da infraestrutura da Internet. Desde de sua expansão para o uso civil, na década de noventa, a alternância entre as ideias de exceção e harmonização caracterizam uma grande parte dos debates sobre a demanda por regulação nos mercados digitais. Existe um arcabouço teórico que é capaz de informar e fundamentar as escolhas regulatórias diante desses dilemas, hoje tratados a partir de perspectivas mais restritas a conflitos de interesse setoriais de última instância. Nesse contexto, o artigo visa acrescentar a esses debates uma perspectiva sobre o contexto teórico de insuficiência dos meios regulatórios tradicionais e busca por outros meios de legitimação; sobre os desafios peculiares que as tecnologias impõem aos reguladores e sobre como eles são tratados, especificamente, no âmbito da regulação da Internet. Propõe-se, assim, uma recapitulação da literatura acadêmica que já tratou disso, que transpassa todos os esses campos em que o debate se realiza e de onde deve partir as análises sobre a matéria.
A service evaluation of specialist nurse telephone follow-up of bowel cancer patients after surgery
Authors: Mole Guy , Murali Mayur , Carter Sarah , Gore David , Broadhurst Jack , Moore Tim , Vickers Philip , Miles Andrew
Published: November 2019

Introduction: the NHS Long Term Plan has called for a reduction in the number of outpatient appointments to reduce pressure on hospital services and increase ease of access for patients. This article presents a service evaluation of an innovative, nurse-led telephone follow-up service for a group of elective bowel cancer patients following surgery. Methods: the records of patients who underwent surgery over a 2-year period were accessed to determine the number of telephone follow-ups and other investigations.

This was used to model the potential cost saving for commissioners against traditional clinic follow-up. Patient satisfaction was assessed by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer questionnaire on Outpatient Satisfaction in 30 patients. Results: feedback on the service was overwhelmingly positive, with patients praising the care received from the specialist nurses, but also commenting on increased continuity of care, ease of access and convenience. The service also potentially creates significant savings for commissioners as the agreed tariff for nurse telephone follow-up is significantly less than the outpatient tariff. Discussion: this innovative follow-up system is well liked by patients and should provide savings for commissioners. The hospital also benefits from an increase in capacity to see new or more unwell patients, and a reduction in carbon emissions. Such a service, however, is dependent on people, and although it has functioned effectively in this department for approximately 20 years, it would only be generalisable to other units if staff had appropriate expertise.
Efficacy of neuromuscular electric stimulation versus aerobic exercise on uraemic restless legs syndrome
Authors: Youssef Manal K
Published: November 2019

Background

The prevalence of restless legs syndrome in haemodialysis patients is approximately ~30%, and it is significantly higher than in the general population. Restless legs syndrome is a sensory-motor disorder with negative effects on sleep and daytime activities that affect personal, family and occupational life. The overall impact of restless legs syndrome on quality of life is comparable to that of chronic and frustrating conditions such as depression and diabetes. The present study was conducted to compare the effect of neuromuscular electric stimulation with aerobic exercise on cases of uraemic restless legs syndrome.

Methods

A total of 60 chronic renal failure patients with uraemic restless legs syndrome aged 20 to 65 years participated in this study. Participants were allocated to receive neuromuscular electric stimulation or aerobic exercises. All participants were evaluated before the first session of treatment and after 3 months, at the end of the treatment. Normal and fast walk gait speed tests and the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test and 60 second Sit-to-Stand Test were used to assess participants' physical status. The Restless Legs Syndrome Rating Scale was used to determine the level of restless legs syndrome severity.

Results

Neuromuscular electric stimulation resulted in significant improvements in all measures of physical performance and in Restless Legs Syndrome Rating Scale score when compared to baseline. Aerobic exercise produced significant improvements in all tests. At the end of the study, aerobic exercise had greater responses than neuromuscular electric stimulation in all parameters measured except the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test.

Conclusions

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation may be used as an alternative to aerobic exercise to improve physical performance in cases of less severe restless legs syndrome in those unable or unwilling to participate in physical training.
Attraktivität hat ihren Preis: hohe reale Wohnkosten, weites Pendeln oder lange Warteschlangen
Authors: Wrede Matthias
Published: November 2019

Höhere Mieten bzw. Immobilienpreise und/oder niedrige Löhne werden auf funktionierenden Märkten die höhere natürliche Standortattraktivität einer Region bzw. ein attraktiveres Angebot öffentlicher Güter ausgleichen, wenn die Menschen Wohn- und Arbeitsort frei wählen können. Wenn Lohn- und Mietenunterschiede zwischen lokalen Wohnungs- und Arbeitsmärkten durch staatliche Preisregulierung verhindert bzw. reduziert werden, dann führt das in einigen Regionen zu Nachfrage- und in anderen Regionen zu Angebotsüberschüssen. Wanderungsbewegungen, die Versorgungsengpässe verstärken können, werden ausgelöst. Auf Märkten mit Friktionen allerdings haben neben Preisen auch Mengen eine kompensatorische Funktion. Längere Suchzeiten auf lokalen Wohnungs- und Arbeitsmärkten wirken ebenfalls den Anziehungskräften attraktiver Standorte entgegen. Dieser Aufsatz stellt die grundlegenden Mechanismen dar und erläutert diese anhand stilisierter Fakten.
Zehn Jahre nach dem großen Knall: wie ist es um die Stabilität der internationalen Immobilienmärkte bestellt?
Authors: Kholodilin Konstantin A. , Michelsen Claus
Published: November 2019

Zehn Jahre nach der weltweiten Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise, die ihren Ursprung auf dem US-amerikanischen Immobilienmarkt hatte, steigen angesichts weltweit zunehmender Preise für Wohneigentum die Sorgen vor neuen Immobilienpreisblasen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt auf Basis von OECD-Daten für 20 Länder, dass die Sorge nicht unberechtigt ist: In acht Ländern deutet die Immobilienpreisentwicklung auf ein spekulatives Anlageverhalten von Investor hin. Vor allem die nach wie vor hohe Verschuldung der privaten Haushalte und das allgemein sehr niedrige Zinsniveau sprechen vielerorts für eine neue Blase. Anzeichen für spekulative Überbewertungen gibt es auch in Deutschland, allerdings in erster Linie in den großen Metropolen. Die volkswirtschaftlichen Risiken sind nicht zuletzt wegen der deutlich niedrigeren Verschuldung der Privathaushalte hierzulande überschaubar. Handlungsbedarf besteht dennoch: Zwar ist es mittlerweile möglich, die Kreditvergabe mit makroprudenziellen Instrumenten einzuschränken. Allerdings ist das Instrumentarium unvollständig, denn es fehlt an klaren Regeln, wann eine gesamtwirtschaftlich kritische Entwicklung zu einem regulierenden Eingriff führt.
Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Diet and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in US Men and Women
Authors: Luo Xiao , Sui Jing , Yang Wanshui , Sun Qi , Ma Yanan , Simon Tracey G. , Liang Geyu , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Chan Andrew T. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Zhang Xuehong
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Adherence to a healthy diet has been associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may have overlapping mechanisms with T2D, such as inflammation and insulin resistance. Thus, we examined the association between a previously developed T2D prevention dietary pattern and HCC risk.

METHODS:

We followed 87,943 women in the Nurses' Health Study and 49,665 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study for up to 32 years. The dietary diabetes risk reduction score, which includes dietary glycemic index, cereal fiber, ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fats, trans fat, sugar-sweetened beverages, nuts, coffee, and red and processed meats, was obtained using validated food frequency questionnaires and updated every 4 years. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to calculate multivariable hazard ratios and confidence intervals (95% CIs).

RESULTS:

During over 1.9 million person-years, a total of 160 incident HCC cases were identified. The dietary diabetes risk reduction score was associated with a lower risk of HCC (top vs bottom quartile; hazard ratio: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34–0.95; P
trend = 0.03). All the individual food and beverage items were associated with the risk of HCC in the expected direction, although the association was weaker than the overall dietary pattern.

DISCUSSION:

Greater adherence to the T2D prevention diet was associated with a lower risk of developing HCC among US men and women. Further studies are needed to confirm and extend our findings.