bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental and geographical factors structure cauliflower coral's algal symbioses across the Indo‐Pacific
Authors: Glynn Victoria M. , Vollmer Steven V. , Kline David I. , Barrett Rowan D. H.
Published: January 2023

Aim

The symbioses between corals and endosymbiotic dinoflagellates have been described as a flexible relationship whose dynamics could serve as a source of resilience for coral reef ecosystems. However, the factors that drive the establishment and maintenance of this co‐evolutionary relationship remain unclear. We examined the environmental and geographical factors structuring dinoflagellate communities in a wide‐ranging Indo‐Pacific coral to begin to address this gap.

Location

Djibouti, Oman, Taiwan and French Polynesia.

Taxon

Cauliflower corals (Pocillopora spp.), dinoflagellates (family Symbiodiniaceae).

Methods

We analysed publicly available amplicon sequence data from the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 2, originating from Pocillopora spp. We also compiled environmental data such as sea surface temperature (SST) and time since the last local mass bleaching event. We ran generalized least squares models, PERMANOVAs and indicator species analyses, to understand how thermal regimes and geographical distances impacted Pocillopora spp.'s Symbiodiniaceae community composition.

Results

Sea surface temperature was the most important factor driving Symbiodiniaceae community differences, with the largest effect size of the statistically significant factors. When focusing on individual Symbiodiniaceae genera, SST was likewise the most important factor. Our indicator species analyses revealed that specimens that had recently bleached were characterized by roughly equal proportions of Cladocopium spp. and Durusdinium spp., while specimens that had not recently bleached had a similar proportion of Durusdinium spp. as those that had recently bleached, but also showed a reduction in Cladocopium spp., with this deficiency made up by the presence of Symbiodinium spp.

Main Conclusions

We provide further support for the hypothesis that coral's Symbiodiniaceae communities could facilitate host resilience to thermal stress. Our work is in direct conversation with a larger body of biogeography literature that highlights how local environmental regimes can impact contemporary population structure, even in marine taxa with widespread distributions.
Validity of self‐reported hypertension and related factors in the adult population: Preliminary results from the cohort in the west of Iran
Authors: Piri Negar , Moradi Yousef , Gheshlagh Reza Ghanei , Abdullahi Mahsa , Fattahi Eghbal , Moradpour Farhad
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to investigate the validity of self‐reported hypertension and related factors in the Dehgolan Prospective Cohort Study (DehPCS). Data were obtained from 3996 participants aged 35–70 years in the enrolment phase of DehPCS. Self‐reported hypertension and sociodemographic factors were collected by well‐trained interviewers before hypertension diagnosis based on the reference criteria. The history of anti‐hypertensive medication use and/or systolic blood pressure ≥140 (mmHg), or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 (mmHg) were considered as hypertension. Disagreement between self‐reported and reference measures was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), and kappa values. Binary and multinomial logistic regressions were used to investigate the correlates of validity of self‐reported hypertension. The hypertension prevalence based on self‐reports and the reference criteria was 19.49% and 21.60%, respectively. An acceptable percentage of kappa agreement value of 68.7% and relatively good overall agreement of 89.8% were found. Self‐reported hypertension was guaranteed moderate sensitivity of 72.0% and high specificity of 94.5%, as well as the NPV and PPV of 92/7% and 77/9%, respectively. The chances of false‐positive and false‐negative reporting increased with older age, higher BMI, and a family history of hypertension. Being female, older age, higher BMI, concurrent diabetes, and stronger family ties to hypertension patients significantly increased the chance of reporting true positives relative to true negatives. Although, self‐reported hypertension has an acceptable validity and can be used as a valid tool for screening epidemiological studies, it needs to be investigated because its validity is affected by age, gender, family history of hypertension, and other socio‐demographic characteristics.
Inhibition of ribosome assembly factor PNO1 by CRISPR/Cas9 technique suppresses lung adenocarcinoma and Notch pathway: Clinical application
Authors: Roy Sanjit K. , Srivastava Shivam , Hancock Andrew , Shrivastava Anju , Morvant Jason , Shankar Sharmila , Srivastava Rakesh K.
Published: January 2023

Growth is crucially controlled by the functional ribosomes available in cells. To meet the enhanced energy demand, cancer cells re‐wire and increase their ribosome biogenesis. The RNA‐binding protein PNO1, a ribosome assembly factor, plays an essential role in ribosome biogenesis. The purpose of this study was to examine whether PNO1 can be used as a biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma and also examine the molecular mechanisms by which PNO1 knockdown by CRISPR/Cas9 inhibited growth and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). The expression of PNO1 was significantly higher in lung adenocarcinoma compared to normal lung tissues. PNO1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma patients increased with stage, nodal metastasis, and smoking. Lung adenocarcinoma tissues from males expressed higher PNO1 than those from females. Furthermore, lung adenocarcinoma tissues with mutant Tp53 expressed higher PNO1 than those with wild‐type Tp53, suggesting the influence of Tp53 status on PNO1 expression. PNO1 knockdown inhibited cell viability, colony formation, and EMT, and induced apoptosis. Since dysregulated signalling through the Notch receptors promotes lung adenocarcinoma, we measured the effects of PNO1 inhibition on the Notch pathway. PNO1 knockdown inhibited Notch signalling by suppressing the expression of Notch receptors, their ligands, and downstream targets. PNO1 knockdown also suppressed CCND1, p21, PTGS‐2, IL‐1α, IL‐8, and CXCL‐8 genes. Overall, our data suggest that PNO1 can be used as a diagnostic biomarker, and also can be an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
PINK1/Parkin‐mediated mitophagy enhances the survival of Staphylococcus aureus in bovine macrophages
Authors: Zhou Xi , Liu Kangjun , Li Jianji , Cui Luying , Dong Junsheng , Li Jun , Meng Xia , Zhu Guoqiang , Wang Heng
Published: January 2023

Mitochondria are cellular organelles that are involved in various metabolic processes, and damage to mitochondria can affect cell health and even lead to disease. Mitophagy is a mechanism by which cells selectively wrap and degrade damaged mitochondria to maintain cell homeostasis. However, studies have not focused on whether mitophagy is involved in the occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)‐induced mastitis in dairy cows. Here, we found that S. aureus infection of bovine macrophages leads to oxidative damage and mitochondria damage. The expression of LC3, PINK1 and Parkin was significantly increased after intracellular infection. We observed changes in the morphology of mitochondria and the emergence of mitochondrial autolysosomes in bovine macrophages by transmission electron microscopy and found that enhanced mitophagy promoted bacterial proliferation in the cell. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that S. aureus infection of bovine macrophages induces mitophagy through the PINK1/Parkin pathway, and this mechanism is used by the bacteria to avoid macrophage‐induced death. These findings provide new ideas and references for the prevention and treatment of S. aureus infection.
The effect of wheat flour treated with superheated steam on the microstructure and rheological behaviors of batter and cake quality
Authors: Ma Yongshuai , Xu Dan , Xu Xueming
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the influence of wheat flour treated with lab‐scale superheated steam on the batter characteristics and cake quality. Superheated steam treatment (SST) significantly decreased the density and viscosity of cake batter, indicating that the treated samples contained more air bubbles in the batter system. This result also was confirmed by a light microscope. Following SST, treated samples exhibited a lower apparent viscosity compared to native samples, decreasing both the consistency index and flow behavior index. Meanwhile, SST increased the storage modulus (G′), while it decreased both the loss modulus (G′′) and loss tangent (tanδ). These changes in the batter properties influenced the quality of the final cake products. After baking the batters, the treated samples produced cakes with less baking loss and higher volume and quality compared to the native samples. The internal texture exhibited higher porosity and cell density, increasing from 22.9% and 50.3 cells/cm2 (untreated flour) to 35.6% and 65.1 cells/cm2 (flour treated at 150 °C for 4 min), respectively. In addition, SST significantly decreased the hardness of the cake, thereby endowing the final products with a softer texture. The results of the present work may be useful for improving the commercial production of high‐quality cakes.

Practical applications

This research provides a new technique to produce high‐quality cakes. In this work, superheated steam treatment (SST) was found to change the physical characteristics of the cake batter, adding more air bubbles and improving the internal structure of the cake. The results show that SST has great prospects for being incorporated into grain processing methods to improve the quality of the final products. The lab‐scale superheated steam processing technique proposed herein features a shorter processing period compared to conventional thermal processing methods, taking mere minutes, and thereby shortening the overall workflow. This work expands the potential applications of superheated steam technology in the food industry.
Connect‐Home transitional care from skilled nursing facilities to home: A stepped wedge, cluster randomized trial
Authors: Toles Mark , Preisser John S. , Colón‐Emeric Cathleen , Naylor Mary D. , Weinberger Morris , Zhang Ying , Hanson Laura C.
Published: January 2023

Background

Skilled nursing facility (SNF) patients and their caregivers who transition to home experience complications and frequently return to acute care. We tested the efficacy of the Connect‐Home transitional care intervention on patient and caregiver preparedness for care at home, and other patient and caregiver‐reported outcomes.

Methods

We used a stepped wedge, cluster‐randomized trial design to test the intervention against standard discharge planning (control). The setting was six SNFs and six home health offices in one agency. Participants were 327 dyads of patients discharged from SNF to home and their caregivers; 11.1% of dyads in the control condition and 81.2% in the intervention condition were enrolled after onset of COVID‐19. Patients were 63.9% female and mean age was 76.5 years. Caregivers were 73.7% female and mean age was 59.5 years. The Connect‐Home intervention includes tools, training, and technical assistance to deliver transitional care in SNFs and patients' homes. Primary outcomes measured at 7 days included patient and caregiver measures of preparedness for care at home, the Care Transitions Measure‐15 (patient) and the Preparedness for Caregiving Scale (caregiver). Secondary outcomes measured at 30 and 60 days included the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire, Life Space Assessment, Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale, Distress Thermometer, and self‐reported number of patient days in the ED or hospital in 30 and 60 days following SNF discharge.

Results

The intervention was not associated with improvement in patient or caregiver outcomes in the planned analyses. Post‐hoc analyses that distinguished between pre‐ and post‐pandemic effects suggest the intervention may be associated with increased patient preparedness for discharge and decreased number of acute care days.

Conclusions

Connect‐Home transitional care did not improve outcomes in the planned statistical analysis. Post‐hoc findings accounting for COVID‐19 impact suggest SNF transitional care has potential to increase patient preparedness and decrease return to acute care.
Pattern and source of unusually high‐temperature metamorphism in an Eocene forearc recorded by the Pacific Rim Terrane, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Geen Alexander C. , Canil Dante
Published: January 2023

The Pacific Rim Terrane is of forearc affinity and one of the most recent crustal elements accreted to the North American Cordillera in western Canada. Two units, the Leech River Complex and Pandora Peak Unit, within the terrane were subject to high‐temperature, medium‐pressure metamorphism. Biotite, garnet and staurolite isograds occur concentrically in the Leech River Complex, centred on the Leech River shear zone at its southern boundary. A local thermal overprint in the Pandora Peak Unit is characterized by replacement of prehnite‐pumpellyite and lawsonite‐bearing assemblages with muscovite + chlorite. Pseudosection models (Perple_X), and thermometry using garnet‐biotite Fe‐Mg exchange and Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material (RSCM) show a thermal gradient at ~3.8 kbar from ~230°C in the north to ~600°C in the south. Isotherms are continuous across the Leech River–Pandora Peak boundary. The small‐volume, interfoliated intrusions of Eocene age occurring throughout the terrane show no spatial relation to the isotherms. Elevated forearc metamorphism is due to the subcretion at ~51 Ma of nascent oceanic crust (and related spreading ridge or hotspot) of the underlying Siletz‐Crescent terrane along the south‐bounding Leech River shear zone. Our re‐evaluation of the metamorphic history requires revision of the role of magmatism as a source of heat transport in forearc metamorphism and the tectonic assembly in this setting.
Virtual reality technology in neuropsychological testing: A systematic review
Authors: Pieri Luca , Tosi Giorgia , Romano Daniele
Published: January 2023

Neuropsychological testing aims to measure individuals' cognitive abilities (e.g. memory, attention), analysing their performance on specific behavioural tasks. Most neuropsychological tests are administered in the so‐called ‘paper‐and‐pencil’ modality or via computerised protocols. The adequacy of these procedures has been recently questioned, with more specific concerns about their ecological validity, i.e. the relation between test scores observed in the laboratory setting and the actual everyday cognitive functioning. In developing more ecological tasks, researchers started to implement virtual reality (VR) technology as an administration technique focused on exposing individuals to simulated but realistic stimuli and environments, maintaining at the same time a controlled laboratory setting and collecting advanced measures of cognitive functioning. This systematic review aims to present how VR procedures for neuropsychological testing have been implemented in the last years. We initially explain the rationale for supporting VR as an advanced assessment tool, but we also discuss the challenges and risks that can limit the widespread implementation of this technology. Then, we systematised the large body of studies adopting VR for neuropsychological testing, describing the VR tools' distribution amongst different cognitive functions through a PRISMA‐guided systematic review. The systematic review highlighted that only very few instruments are ready for clinical use, reporting psychometric proprieties (e.g. validity) and providing normative data. Most of the tools still need to be standardised on large cohorts of participants, having published only limited data on small samples up to now. Finally, we discussed the possible future directions of the VR neuropsychological test development linked to technological advances.
Eliminate the buprenorphine DEA X waiver: Justification using a policy analysis approach
Authors: Jones Katie Fitzgerald , O’Reilly Jacob Monica , Spetz Joanne , Hailer Laurie , Tierney Matthew
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Drug overdoses have reached a historic milestone of over 100,000 deaths in a single year, 75,673 related to opioids. The acceleration in opioid‐related deaths coupled with stark health inequities demands a close examination of opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment barriers and swift consideration of policy changes.

Design

The aim of this buprenorphine policy analysis is to summarize existing buprenorphine barriers and present policy solutions to improve access and actualize the contributions of Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs).

Methods

The policy analysis follows five sequential steps: (1) defining the problem, (2) identifying key stakeholders, (3) assessing the landscape of relevant policies, (4) describing viable policy options, and (5) making final recommendations.

Results

Although there are laudable efforts to improve buprenorphine access, such as the new buprenorphine guidelines issued in April 2021, without larger‐scale changes to federal, state, and scope of practice laws, overdose rates will continue to rise. We recommend a multipronged policy approach to improve buprenorphine treatment access, including eliminating the DEA X waiver, improving OUD education, and adopting full practice authority for APRNs in all states.

Conclusion

Incremental change is no longer sufficient to address opioid overdose deaths. Bolder and coordinated policy action is possible and necessary to empower the full clinical workforce to apply evidence‐based life‐saving treatments for OUD. The critical contributions of nurses in advancing equitable access to OUD care are emphasized in the National Academy of Medicine's Report, Future of Nursing: Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity. Nurses are named as instrumental in improving buprenorphine access. Policy changes that acknowledge and build on evidence‐based treatment expansion strategies are sorely needed.

Clinical Relevance

One of the most robust tools to combat opioid overdose deaths is buprenorphine, a partial opioid agonist, and gold standard medication treatment for OUD, but only 5% of the prescribing workforce possess the required Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) X waiver. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that Advanced Practice Registered Nurses are accelerating the growth in waiver update and buprenorphine use, despite the considerable barriers and limitations described in this policy analysis.
Enhancing innovation via the digital twin
Authors: Fukawa Nobuyuki , Rindfleisch Aric
Published: January 2023

A growing number of firms are seeking to leverage emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and 3D printing, to enhance their innovation efforts. These seemingly distinct technologies are currently coalescing into an encompassing new technology called the digital twin. This technology allows innovative firms to create a digital replica of a physical entity that evolves over its life cycle. This article explores the implications of the digital twin for innovation theory and practice. First, we examine the connection between the digital twin and three related technologies (i.e., 3D printing, big data, and AI). Second, we create a typology of four categories of digital twins (i.e., monitoring, making, enhancing, and replicating) and illustrate their relevance for innovation management. Third, we offer a set of four case studies that exemplify this typology and illustrate how digital twins have been put into practice. Fourth, we craft a set of digital twin‐related future research directions that encompasses a broad range of innovation‐related topics, including service innovation, co‐creation, and product design. We hope that our examination of the digital twin serves as a catalyst to help advance innovation thought and practice in this intriguing new domain.
Augmenting human innovation teams with artificial intelligence: Exploring transformer‐based language models
Authors: Bouschery Sebastian G. , Blazevic Vera , Piller Frank T.
Published: January 2023

The use of transformer‐based language models in artificial intelligence (AI) has increased adoption in various industries and led to significant productivity advancements in business operations. This article explores how these models can be used to augment human innovation teams in the new product development process, allowing for larger problem and solution spaces to be explored and ultimately leading to higher innovation performance. The article proposes the use of the AI‐augmented double diamond framework to structure the exploration of how these models can assist in new product development (NPD) tasks, such as text summarization, sentiment analysis, and idea generation. It also discusses the limitations of the technology and the potential impact of AI on established practices in NPD. The article establishes a research agenda for exploring the use of language models in this area and the role of humans in hybrid innovation teams. (Note: Following the idea of this article, GPT‐3 alone generated this abstract. Only minor formatting edits were performed by humans.)
Delta hepatitis epidemiology and the global burden of disease
Authors: Kushner Tatyana
Published: January 2023

Delta Hepatitis is considered the most severe form of hepatitis, with varied prevalence, genotype distribution and risk factors worldwide. Current knowledge of global epidemiology is limited due to variable screening practices for HDV. Here, we summarize what is currently known about the prevalence of testing and prevalence of HDV positivity globally.
Genomic evidence for contrasting patterns of host‐associated genetic differentiation across shared host‐plant species in leaf‐ and bud‐galling sawflies
Authors: Michell Craig T. , Wagner Natascha , Mutanen Marko , Lee Kyung Min , Nyman Tommi
Published: January 2023

Resource specialization and ecological speciation arising through host‐associated genetic differentiation (HAD) are frequently invoked as an explanation for the high diversity of plant‐feeding insects and other organisms with a parasitic lifestyle. While genetic studies have demonstrated numerous examples of HAD in insect herbivores, the rarity of comparative studies means that we still lack an understanding of how deterministic HAD is, and whether patterns of host shifts can be predicted over evolutionary timescales. We applied genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism and mitochondrial DNA sequence data obtained through genome resequencing to define species limits and to compare host‐plant use in population samples of leaf‐ and bud‐galling sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae: Nematinae) collected from seven shared willow (Salicaceae:Salix) host species. To infer the repeatability of long‐term cophylogenetic patterns, we also contrasted the phylogenies of the two galler groups with each other as well as with the phylogeny of theirSalixhosts estimated based on RADseq data. We found clear evidence for host specialization and HAD in both of the focal galler groups, but also that leaf gallers are more specialized to single host species compared with most bud gallers. In contrast to bud gallers, leaf gallers also exhibited statistically significant cophylogenetic signal with theirSalixhosts. The observed discordant patterns of resource specialization and host shifts in two related galler groups that have radiated in parallel across a shared resource base indicate a lack of evolutionary repeatability in the focal system, and suggest that short‐ and long‐term host use and ecological diversification in plant‐feeding insects are dominated by stochasticity and/or lineage‐specific effects.
Hip Preservation or Total Hip Arthroplasty? A Retrospective Case–Control Study of Factors Influencing Arthroplasty Decision‐Making for Patients with Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in China
Authors: Wei Wei , Tan Biao , Yan Yan , Li Wenlong , Zeng Xiangrong , Chen Qianglong , Wang Rongtian , He Haijun , Qin Ling , Li Taixian , Chen Weiheng
Published: January 2023

Objective

At present, there is no consensus or guidance on indications for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) patients to receive hip arthroplasty (THA) treatment. This study aims to explore the factors that influence the decision‐making for THA in patients with ONFH, and to provide references for clinical decision for ONFH patients to be indicated for THA or hip preservation.

Methods

This retrospective case–control study involved data for ONFH patients from July 2016 to October 2021 from the China Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Database (CONFHD). The patients with ONFH, and unilateral hip affected at the first visit were divided into THA group and non‐THA group according to if they had undergone THA treatment. The differences between the two groups of patients in terms of gender, age at the time of consultation, body mass index (BMI), etiology, onset side, association research circulation osseous (ARCO) stage, hip joint function, visual analog scale (VAS), etc. were analyzed. Multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis was then applied to evaluate the risk factors of ONFH patients who underwent THA during the first visit.

Results

A total of 640 patients were recruited for analysis, including 209 cases from the THA group and 431 cases from the non‐THA group. The results of univariate analysis showed that the two groups of patients were significantly different in the following six indicators: age (59 vs. 46, Z = −9.58, p < 0.001), duration of disease (78 vs. 17, Z = –16.14, p < 0.001), gender composition (χ2 = 8.09, p = 0.004), disease etiology (χ2 = 33.04, p < 0.001), ARCO stage (χ2 = 334.86, p < 0.001), flexion of hip joint (χ2 = 172.33, p < 0.001). However, the comparison between the two groups on VAS (Z = –0.82, p = 0.41), BMI (Z = –1.35, p = 0.18), and onset side (χ2 = 1.53, p = 0.22) did not obviously differ. The results regression analysis showed that the age at the time of consultation, duration of disease, ARCO stage, and the hip joint function affected the decision making if the patients should undergo THA. The results of receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed that aforementioned indicators were satisfactory in predicting whether patients with ONFH would be treated with THA. The regression model using the above four indicators as comprehensive indicators has satisfactory performance in predicting whether to perform THA, and the area under the curve (AUC) is 93.94%.

Conclusion

These factors such as age, duration of disease, ARCO stage, and hip flexion function should be considered comprehensively before making decisions to perform THA or not in our clinical practice.
A terminal Messinian flooding of the Mediterranean evidenced by contouritic deposits on Sicily
Authors: van Dijk Gijs , Maars Jasper , Andreetto Federico , Hernández‐Molina F. Javier , Rodríguez‐Tovar Francisco J. , Krijgsman Wout
Published: January 2023

The evolution of marine gateways and sea straits exerts major control on bottom current depositional systems. A well‐known interval in geological history characterized by frequent changes in marine connectivity is the Messinian Salinity Crisis (5.97 to 5.33 Ma) when the Mediterranean allegedly experienced major (>1 km) sea‐level drawdown followed by a catastrophic marine replenishment at the base of the Zanclean. Controversy exists around the timing and mode of this event as unambiguous flood deposits have so far never been drilled or recognized in outcrops. In the Sicilian Caltanissetta Basin (Italy), the Messinian/Zanclean boundary is directly underlain by the Arenazzolo Formation. This 5 to 7 m thick sandy sedimentary interval may reveal a genetic link with the abrupt refilling of the Mediterranean, but at present a detailed study to understand its origin is lacking. In this work, the Arenazzolo Formation at Eraclea Minoa has been studied by a multi‐method approach, employing detailed facies description, grain‐size analyses, petrographic analyses and palaeocurrent analyses. Palaeogeographical reconstructions and facies associations show that the Arenazzolo Formation sands were deposited on the northern flank of the Gela thrust front by persistent bottom currents, flowing parallel to the regional slope physiography, during a transgression. It is hypothesized that these currents are associated with the active circulation of surface and intermediate water masses coeval with a terminal Messinian flood, when basin margins overtopped and a reconnection between western and eastern Mediterranean was created. The Arenazzolo Formation is a unique example of a contouritic deposit formed by bottom currents that establish during the reconnection of major isolated water bodies.
The EPSR and the Next Generation EU: Heralding a reconfiguration of social protection in South Europe?
Authors: Petmesidou Maria , Branco Rui , Pavolini Emmanuele , González Begega Sergio , Guillén Ana Marta
Published: January 2023

This article investigates the transformative potential of the Next Generation EU (NG‐EU) initiative in social protection taking South European (SE) countries as a test case. It starts with a brief examination of the main social parameters of the EPSR and how these intertwine with the NG‐EU strategy that links recovery from the pandemic with the EU's long‐term green and digital transition objectives. This is followed by a comparative overview of the SE countries' social, green and digital outlook when embarking upon the recovery path. In light of these, the National Recovery and Resilience Plans (NRRPs) of the four countries are scrutinised vis‐à‐vis the NG‐EU specified priority flagship areas. The political background of the plans, the impact of the EPSR on their policy options, and their recalibration potential are comparatively analysed. In setting the course for a twin transition, all four plans share a focus on addressing long‐standing social challenges mainly by bolstering productive welfare measures. But path‐dependent differences in policy mixes and varying policy integration can weigh significantly on outcomes.
Comparison of automated versus semi‐automated whole blood processing systems: A systematic review
Authors: Cid Joan , Comasòlivas Nil , Pérez‐Aliaga Ana , Illingworth Nicola , Cardoso Marcia
Published: January 2023

Background and Objectives

Implementation of automated steps in preparing blood components for transfusion from whole blood collections has produced improvements in multiple fields. The aim of this review is to summarize data from existing literature related to automation of whole blood processing systems.

Materials and Methods

We searched MEDLINE for studies comparing semi‐automated and fully automated whole blood processing systems published before 20 July 2021. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Additionally, we performed a manual search.

Results

We identified 500 studies, of which 459 (92%) did not meet the eligibility criteria, and finally 17 studies were included in the analysis. Manual search included six additional studies. Publication year ranged from 2004 to 2021. Automation reduced the run‐time (from 92 to 76 min), improved recovery of haemoglobin in red cell concentrates (RCCs) and resulted in higher red blood cell and platelet yields. Automation also reduced discard rates due to whole blood bag ruptures (1.2%–0.1%), low volume of RCCs (<200 ml; 0.5%–0.03%) and haemolytic plasma (2.1%–0.6%). Automation could reduce the number of full‐time equivalent (FTE) operators or maintain the number of FTE operators while performing additional procedures, and it reduced to 1.13 m2 the space required for the device.

Conclusion

Automation of whole blood processing resulted in continued improvements in productivity, product quality and technical features. However, too few publications are available to reach strong conclusions. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the scientific knowledge in this field.
Ex vivo evaluation of a percutaneous thread‐transecting technique for desmotomy of normal palmar/plantar annular ligaments in horses
Authors: De Gasperi Diego , Guo Danqing , Guo Danzhu , Lu Yan , Brounts Sabrina H.
Published: January 2023

Objective

To develop and describe a minimally invasive, ultrasound‐guided, percutaneous technique for the desmotomy of equine palmar/plantar annular ligaments (PALs) using a transecting thread.

Study design

Ex vivo study.

Sample population

Twenty‐one normal equine distal limb specimens.

Methods

Under ultrasonographic guidance, a surgical thread was percutaneously placed around the PAL through 2 skin punctures (proximal and distal) using a 18 gauge spinal needle in equine limbs (11 forelimbs, 10 hindlimbs) with normal PALs. The ligament was transected by a back‐and‐forth motion of the thread until the loop emerged from the proximal skin puncture site. Each specimen was dissected and assessed for completeness of transection and iatrogenic damage under direct visualization. Descriptive statistics were reported.

Results

The PAL was completely transected in 17/21 limbs. The mean duration of the procedure was 16 minutes. Superficial needle puncture or subtle abrasion of the superficial digital flexor tendon was noticed in 4 limbs. No iatrogenic injury to other intrathecal structures was identified. After PAL division, the needle entry and exit points had a mean diameter of 1.2 and 1 mm, respectively.

Conclusion

Desmotomy of normal PALs in equine limb specimens was performed effectively using the percutaneous thread‐transecting technique with minimal iatrogenic damage to adjacent structures.

Clinical significance

Information from this study will allow refinement of the technique for use in equine clinical cases either in standing or anesthetized horses.
Strategic tillage in Australian conservation agricultural systems to address soil constraints: How does it impact weed management?
Authors: Mia Md Sultan , Azam Gaus , Nouraei Sina , Borger Catherine
Published: January 2023

In the conservation agricultural systems practised in Australia, cultivation is not commonly utilised for the purpose of weed control. However, occasional use of tillage (strategic tillage) is implemented every few years for soil amelioration, to address constraints such as acidity, water repellence or soil compaction. Depending on the tillage method, the soil amelioration process buries or disturbs the topsoil. The act of amelioration also changes the soil physical and chemical properties and affects crop growth. While these strategic tillage practices are not usually applied for weed control, they are likely to have an impact on weed seedbank burial, which will in turn affect seed dormancy and seedbank depletion. Strategic tillage impacts on seed burial and soil characteristics will also affect weed emergence, plant survival, competitive ability of weeds against the crop and efficiency of soil applied pre‐emergent herbicides. If growers understand the impacts of soil amelioration on weed demography, they can more effectively plan management strategies to apply following the strategic tillage practice. Weed seed burial resulting from a full soil inversion is understood, but for many soil tillage implements, more data is needed on the extent of soil mixing, burial of topsoil and the weed seedbank, physical control of existing weeds and stimulation of emergence following the tillage event. Within the agronomic system, there is no research on optimal timing for a tillage event within the year. There are multiple studies to indicate that strategic tillage can reduce weed density, but in most studies, the weed density increases in subsequent years. This indicates that more research is required on the interaction of amelioration and weed ecology, and optimal weed management strategies following a strategic tillage event to maintain weeds at low densities. However, this review also highlights that, where the impacts of soil amelioration are understood, existing data on weed ecology can be applied to potentially determine impacts of amelioration on weed growth.
Global N∞$N_\infty$‐operads
Authors: Barrero Miguel
Published: January 2023

We define ‐operads in the globally equivariant setting and completely classify them. These global ‐operads model intermediate levels of equivariant commutativity in the global world, that is, in the setting where objects have compatible actions by all compact Lie groups. We classify global ‐operads by giving an equivalence between the homotopy category of global ‐operads and the partially ordered set of global transfer systems, which are much simpler, algebraic objects. We also explore the relation between global ‐operads and ‐operads for a single group, recently introduced by Blumberg and Hill. One interesting consequence of our results is the fact that not all equivariant ‐operads can appear as restrictions of global ‐operads.
Inverse problem to estimate lips parameters values of outward-striking trumpet model for successive playing registers
Authors: Doc J.-B. , Vergez C. , Hannebicq J.
Published: January 2023

The objective of this work is to estimate by inverse problem lip parameters values of trumpet model so that the oscillation thresholds for successive playing registers occur for the same blowing pressure as the one measured on several trumpet players. The lips vibration is modeled through an oscillator including unknown parameters such as resonance frequency, quality factor, surface mass, stiffness, and opening at rest of the lips. The oscillation threshold is calculated through linear stability analysis of the outward-striking model including the nonlinear coupling with the bore of the trumpet. It appears that many combinations of parameter values are suitable to obtain the same blowing pressure at threshold as in the experiments. According to the analysis of the possible parameter values, some hypotheses are formulated about the playing strategies used by the trumpeter to select the different registers of the instrument. In addition to the resonance frequency of the lips, controlling the lips opening at rest appears to be a viable strategy to match experimental oscillation thresholds in terms of blowing pressure. Numerical values for the lips parameters are given and through sound synthesis, allow the successive registers of the trumpet to be played.
On the startup behavior of wormlike micellar networks: The effect of different salts bound to the same surfactant molecule
Authors: Pasquino Rossana , Avallone Pietro Renato , Costanzo Salvatore , Inbal Ionita , Danino Dganit , Ianniello Vincenzo , Ianniruberto Giovanni , Marrucci Giuseppe , Grizzuti Nino
Published: January 2023

We report on shear startup data for two wormlike micellar solutions, differing only in concentration and type of two binding aromatic sodium salts. The surfactant molecule is cetylpiridinium chloride at a fixed concentration (100 mM). Sodium salicylate (NaSal) and diclofenac sodium (Diclo) are used as binding salts at concentrations 68 mM NaSal and 52 mM Diclo such that both systems are fully entangled and their linear viscoelastic response is essentially identical. Both systems show the linear response typical of a wormlike micellar solution, with terminal behavior at low frequencies, a well-defined moduli crossover, and a plateau modulus. In the nonlinear regime, however, the behavior of the two systems is totally different, suggesting that the molecular structure difference of the salts and their binding activity to the surfactant molecule are both crucial to determine the fast flow behavior. The NaSal solution shows a very complex rheological response, with strain hardening and very sharp stress peaks, whereas the solution containing Diclo behaves much like ordinary linear polymers, exhibiting pronounced overshoots as well as moderate undershoots in the transient shear viscosity, before approaching the steady state. This polymerlike behavior has also been proved by successfully comparing data with predictions of a constitutive equation recently adopted for both entangled polymers and linear wormlike micelles. As far as NaSal is concerned, a phenomenological model based on rubber network theory is developed, which describes the flow singularities. A physical interpretation of the different behavior in the nonlinear regime is also suggested.
The Effects of a Wetsuit on Biomechanical, Physiological, and Perceptual Variables in Experienced Triathletes
Authors: Quagliarotti Claudio , Cortesi Matteo , Coloretti Vittorio , Fantozzi Silvia , Gatta Giorgio , Bonifazi Marco , Zamparo Paola , Piacentini Maria Francesca
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Wetsuits have been shown to change swim biomechanics and, thus, increase performance, but not all athletes are comfortable with their use because of possible modifications in motor coordination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of wetsuit use on biomechanical, physiological, and perceptual variables. Methods: Eleven national- and international-level triathletes, familiar with wetsuit use, performed 7 × 200-m front crawl at constant preset speed twice, with and without a full wetsuit. The trunk incline (TI) and index of coordination (IdC) were measured stroke by stroke using video analysis. Stroke, breaths, and kick count, and timing (as breathing/kick action per arm-stroke cycle); stroke length (SL); and underwater length were analyzed using inertial-measurement-unit sensors. Heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and swimming comfort were monitored during the task. Results: A lower TI; IdC; number of strokes, kicks, and breaths; HR; and RPE for each 200 m were found in wetsuit compared with swimsuit condition. Higher values of SL and underwater length were found in wetsuit, whereas no differences were found in swimming comfort and timing of kicks and breaths. An increase for swimsuit condition in number of strokes and breaths, HR, and RPE was found during the task compared with the first 200 m. Conclusion: Wetsuit use reduces TI and, thus, drag; increases propelling proficiency; and shows lower fatigability, without modifying motor coordination, compared with swimsuit use at the same speed. The use of a wetsuit during training sessions is recommended to increase comfort and the positive effects on performance.
Seeing is great, understanding is better
Authors: Thorp H. Holden , Yaffe Michael B.
Published: January 2023

In January 2008, the journal and knowledge environment
Science
's STKE was renamed
Science Signaling
, and primary research papers were first published later that year. To mark this anniversary, Thorp and Yaffe reflect on the importance of basic research to scientific progress.
New connections: The selectivity and subversion of SLiMs
Authors: Wong Wei
Published: January 2023

Short linear interacting motifs (SLiMs) in MAPK substrates enable docking and are targeted by pathogens.
The mRNA Vaccine Technology Era and the Future Control of Parasitic Infections
Authors: You Hong , Jones Malcolm K. , Gordon Catherine A. , Arganda Alexa E. , Cai Pengfei , Al-Wassiti Harry , Pouton Colin W. , McManus Donald P.
Published: January 2023

Despite intensive long-term efforts, with very few exceptions, the development of effective vaccines against parasitic infections has presented considerable challenges, given the complexity of parasite life cycles, the interplay between parasites and their hosts, and their capacity to escape the host immune system and to regulate host immune responses. For many parasitic diseases, conventional vaccine platforms have generally proven ill suited, considering the complex manufacturing processes involved and the costs they incur, the inability to posttranslationally modify cloned target antigens, and the absence of long-lasting protective immunity induced by these antigens.
Aspergillus fumigatus Drives Tissue Damage via Iterative Assaults upon Mucosal Integrity and Immune Homeostasis
Authors: Okaa Uju Joy , Bertuzzi Margherita , Fortune-Grant Rachael , Thomson Darren D. , Moyes David L. , Naglik Julian R. , Bignell Elaine
Published: January 2023

The human lung is constantly exposed to
Aspergillus fumigatus
spores, the most prevalent worldwide cause of fungal respiratory disease. Pulmonary tissue damage is a unifying feature of
Aspergillus
-related diseases; however, the mechanistic basis of damage is not understood. In the lungs of susceptible hosts,
A. fumigatus
undergoes an obligatory morphological switch involving spore germination and hyphal growth.
Discovery and Characterization of Putative Glycoprotein-Encoding Mycoviruses in theBunyavirales
Authors: Huang Huang , Hua Xiangmin , Pang Xidan , Zhang Zhongmei , Ren Jingyi , Cheng Jiasen , Fu Yanping , Xiao Xueqiong , Lin Yang , Chen Tao , Li Bo , Liu Huiquan , Jiang Daohong , Xie Jiatao
Published: January 2023

Fungal segmented negative-sense RNA viruses (SNSRVs) have been frequently found. Only the large segment encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) has been reported in most fungal SNSRVs, except for a few fungal SNSRVs reported to encode nucleocapsids, nonstructural proteins, or movement proteins.
Endemic Human Coronavirus Antibody Levels Are Unchanged after Convalescent or Control Plasma Transfusion for Early Outpatient COVID-19 Treatment
Authors: Karaba Andrew H. , Johnston Trevor S. , Beck Evan , Laeyendecker Oliver , Cox Andrea L. , Klein Sabra L. , Sullivan David J. ,   COVID-19 Serologic Studies Consortium, Meisenberg Barry R. , Abinante Matthew , Oei Kevin , Fukuta Yuriko , Kessaye Seble , Hammitt Laura L. , Sutcliffe Catherine G. , Sullivan David J. , Lau Bryan , Singh Atika , Shade David M. , Ehrhardt Stephan , Baksh Sheriza N. , Pekosz Andrew , Klein Sabra L. , Casadevall Arturo , Gebo Kelly A , Shoham Shmuel , Bloch Evan M. , Marshall Christi E. , Yarava Anusha , Lane Karen , McBee Nichol A. , Gawad Amy L. , Karlen Nicky , Ford Daniel E. , Jabs Douglas A. , Appel Lawrence J. , Tobian Aaron A.R. , Hanley Daniel F. , Levine Adam C. , Blair Janis E. , Shenoy Aarthi , Mosnaim Giselle S. , Gniadek Thomas J. , Roth Michael , Foster Colin , Currier Judith S. , Health Sonya L. , Forthal Donald N. , Cachay Edward R. , Allen Elizabeth S. , Huaman Moises A. , Gerber Jonathan M. , Anjan Shweta , Raval Jay S. , Zand Martin S. , Patel Bela , Spivak Emily S. , Singleton J. Robinson , Cluzet Valerie C. , Cruser Daniel , Paxton James H. , Petrini Joann R. , Broderick Patrick B. , Rausch William , Cordisco MarieElena , Hammel Jean , Greenblatt Benjamin
Published: January 2023

The relevance of preexisting immunity to the four endemic human coronaviruses in the first week of COVID-19 illness on the outcome of COVID-19 progression stems from the high prevalence of the ehCoV and SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses. The question has been raised of whether therapeutic convalescent plasma or control plasma containing ehCoV antibodies might alter the outcome of COVID-19 progression to hospitalization.
N
6
-Methyladenosine and Reader Protein YTHDF2 Enhance the Innate Immune Response by Mediating DUSP1 mRNA Degradation and Activating Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases during Bacterial and Viral Infections
Authors: Feng Jian , Meng Wen , Chen Luping , Zhang Xinquan , Markazi Ashley , Yuan Weiming , Huang Yufei , Gao Shou-Jiang
Published: January 2023

Innate immunity is central to controlling pathogenic infections and maintaining the homeostasis of the host. In this study, we have revealed a novel mechanism regulating innate immune responses during viral and bacterial infections.
Acinetobacter baumannii Kills Fungi via a Type VI DNase Effector
Authors: Luo Jingjing , Chu Xiao , Jie Jing , Sun Yu , Guan Qingtian , Li Dan , Luo Zhao-Qing , Song Lei
Published: January 2023

Acinetobacter baumannii
is an increasing important nosocomial pathogen that is difficult to combat due to its ability to survive in harsh environments and the emergence of isolates that are resistant to multiple antibiotics. A better understanding of the mechanism underlying the toughness of
A. baumannii
may identify its Achilles’ heel, which will facilitate the development of novel preventive and treatment measures.