bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Rupture of the Imperforate Hymen in an Adolescent Girl with Hematocolpometra
Authors: Kurdoglu Zehra , Kurdoglu Mertihan , Kucukaydin Zehra
Published: September 2010

Background.
Imperforate hymen is usually treated with
hymenotomy, and the management after its
spontaneous rupture is not very well known.
Case. In this paper, we
present spontaneous rupture of the imperforate
hymen in a 13-year-old adolescent girl with
hematocolpometra just before a planned
hymenotomy operation. The patient was managed
conservatively with a satisfactory outcome.
Conclusion. Hymenotomy may not
be needed in cases with spontaneous rupture of
the imperforate hymen if adequate opening for
menstrual discharge is warranted.
Sugar‐Based Pyrrolidine as a Highly Enantioselective Organocatalyst for Asymmetric Michael Addition of Ketones to Nitrostyrenes
Authors: Wang Lei , Liu Jie , Miao Tao , Zhou Wei , Li Pinhua , Ren Kai , Zhang Xiuli
Published: September 2010

A modular sugar‐based pyrrolidine (3) was prepared and was found to be a highly enantioselective organocatalyst for the asymmetric Michael addition of ketones to nitrostyrenes. In the presence of 10 mol% of 3, a pyrrolidine unit anchored to a natural D‐glucose backbone through click chemistry, the Michael additions of ketones to nitrostyrenes proceeded smoothly to generate the corresponding adducts in good yields (up to 98%), high enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee) and excellent diastereoselectivities (up to >99:1 dr) under solvent‐free reaction conditions.
An Efficient Hydrogenation of Dinitrile to Aminonitrile in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Chatterjee Maya , Sato Masahiro , Kawanami Hajime , Yokoyama Toshirou , Suzuki Toshishige , Ishizaka Takayuki
Published: September 2010

The highly selective hydrogenation of adiponitrile proceeds effectively in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) to produce 6‐aminocapronitrile with excellent selectivity of 100% over rhodium/alumina (Rh/Al2O3) and without any additive, which is impossible in classical organic solvents. The presence of CO2 can be beneficial or mandatory for the exclusive formation of the aminonitrile as it can act as a solvent to enhance the activity and also as temporary protecting agent to increase the selectivity. These results successfully show the general concept of using scCO2 as a protective medium for the selectivity control of dinitrile to aminonitrile reactions. Recycling of the catalyst and further extension of this method to other dinitriles were also investigated.
Catalytic Enantioselective Fluorination of α‐Chloro‐β‐keto Esters in the Presence of Chiral Nickel Complexes
Authors: Kang Seung Hee , Kim Dae Young
Published: September 2010

The catalytic enantioselective electrophilic fluorination promoted by chiral nickel complexes is described. The treatment of α‐chloro‐β‐keto esters with Selectfluor under mild reaction conditions afforded the corresponding fluorinated α‐chloro‐β‐keto esters with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee).
Exposure to benzene induces oxidative stress, alters the immune response and expression of p53 in gasoline filling workers
Authors: Uzma Nazia , Kumar B. Santhosh , Hazari Mohammed Abdul Hannan
Published: September 2010

Background

Chronic exposure to benzene can lead to deleterious effects on many biological systems including blood and blood‐forming organs. We investigated the adverse effects of benzene among workers occupationally exposed to benzene in India.

Methods

Four hundred twenty‐eight gasoline filling workers occupationally exposed to benzene and 78 unexposed individuals were recruited for this study. Benzene concentration was determined by gas chromatography, reactive oxygen species (ROS) by dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH‐DA) method, malondialdehyde (MDA) by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay (TBARS), total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) by RANSOD kit and glutathione (GSH) by 5,5′‐dithiobis‐(2‐nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) reaction, respectively. CD4, CD8, IgG were carried out by using fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS Calibur) and mRNA expression of p53 by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT‐PCR).

Results

A significant increase in the concentration of benzene and its byproducts in both blood and urine were found in the workers compared with the controls. The levels of ROS and MDA were significantly elevated, and GSH and total T‐SOD were decreased in the workers compared with the controls. A statistically significant decrease in the immunoglobulin levels, CD4T cells, CD4/CD8 ratio was observed in workers (vs. controls), whereas no significant difference was observed in CD8T cells. p53 gene expression was markedly higher in workers than in controls.

Conclusion

Occupational exposure to benzene causes oxidative stress, immune suppression and increases the expression of tumor‐suppressing gene p53 in gasoline filling workers. These bio‐functional markers might be useful in screening and surveillance for occupational hazard. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:1264–1270, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Near‐miss reporting system as an occupational injury preventive intervention in manufacturing
Authors: Lander Lina , Eisen Ellen A. , Stentz Terry L. , Spanjer Kathleen J. , Wendland Bryce E. , Perry Melissa J.
Published: September 2010

Background

A database of near‐misses (NM), minor injuries, and OSHA recordable injuries was established at a mid‐size electrical manufacturing plant as part of injury prevention efforts. The utility of a NM reporting system was evaluated by estimating its impact on the annual incidence of minor and OSHA recordable injuries.

Methods

Logistic regression was performed to examine the effects of predictor variables (year, age, duration of employment) on the type of event (NM, minor, OSHA recordable). Poisson regression was fit to model the annual rate of OSHA recordable injuries as a function of time.

Results

1690 events were reported between 1999 and 2006 including 261 NM, 1205 minor, and 205 OSHA recordable injuries. The expected rate of OSHA recordable injuries decreased by 0.84 (95% CI: 0.73‐0.97) annually.

Conclusions

The implementation of a NM reporting system was associated with decrease in the rate of OSHA recordable injuries. NM reporting systems may be valuable injury interventions in manufacturing. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:40–48, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic variability in estrogen disposition: Potential clinical implications for neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Talwar Puneet , Baghel Ruchi , Kaur Harpreet , Gupta Meenal , Gourie‐Devi Mandaville , Bala Kiran , Sharma Sangeeta , Kukreti Ritushree
Published: September 2010

Variability in the physiological levels of neuroactive estrogens is widely believed to play a role in predisposition to several disorders of the central nervous system. Local biosynthesis of estrogens in the brain as well as their circulating serum levels are known to contribute to this pool of neuroactive steroids. It has been well accepted that estrogens modulate neuronal functions by affecting genesis, differentiation, excitability, and degeneration of nerve cells. These actions of estrogens appear to be more prominent in females with higher concentrations and marked variability of circulating serum levels occurring over a woman's lifetime. However, our knowledge regarding the variability of neuroactive steroid levels is very limited. Furthermore, several studies have recently reported differences in the synchronization of circulating and neuronal levels of estradiol. In the absence of reliable circulating steroid levels, knowledge of genetic variability in estrogen disposition may play a determining factor in predicting altered susceptibility or severity of neuropsychiatric disorders in women. Over the past decade, several genetic variants have been linked to both differential serum estrogen levels and predisposition to diverse types of neuropsychiatric disorders in women. Polymorphisms in genes encoding estrogen‐metabolizing enzymes as well as estrogen receptors may account for this phenotypic variability. In this review, we attempt to show the contribution of genetics in determining estrogenicity in females with a particular emphasis on the central nervous system. This knowledge will further provide a driving force for unearthing the novel field of “Estrogen Pharmacogenomics.” © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk gene variants for nicotine dependence in the CHRNA5–CHRNA3–CHRNB4 cluster are associated with cognitive performance
Authors: Winterer Georg , Mittelstrass Kirstin , Giegling Ina , Lamina Claudia , Fehr Christoph , Brenner Hermann , Breitling Lutz P. , Nitz Barbara , Raum Elke , Müller Heiko , Gallinat Jürgen , Gal Andreas , Heim Katharina , Prokisch Holger , Meitinger Thomas , Hartmann Annette M. , Möller Hans‐Jürgen , Gieger Christian , Wichmann H‐Erich , Illig Thomas , Dahmen Norbert , Rujescu Dan
Published: September 2010

Recent studies strongly support an association of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene cluster CHRNA5–CHRNA3–CHRNB4 with nicotine dependence (ND). However, the precise genotype–phenotype relationship is still unknown. Clinical and epidemiological data on smoking behavior raise the possibility that the relevant gene variants may indirectly contribute to the development of ND by affecting cognitive performance in some smokers who consume nicotine for reasons of “cognition enhancement.” Here, we tested seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs684513, rs637137, rs16969968, rs578776, rs1051730, rs3743078, rs3813567 from the CHRNA5–CHRNA3–CHRNB4 gene cluster for association with ND, measures of cognitive performance and gene expression. As expected, we found all SNPs being associated with ND in three independent cohorts (KORA, NCOOP, ESTHER) comprising 5,561 individuals. In an overlapping sample of 2,186 subjects we found three SNPs (rs16969968, rs1051730, rs3743078) being associated with cognitive domains from the Wechsler‐Adult‐Intelligence Scale (WAIS‐R)—most notably in the performance subtest “object assembly” and the verbal subtest “similarities.” In a refined analysis of a subsample of 485 subjects, two of these three SNPs (rs16969968, rs1051730) were associated with n‐back task performance/Continuous Performance Test. Furthermore, two CHRNA5 risk alleles (rs684513, rs637137) were associated with CHRNA5 mRNA expression levels in whole blood in a subgroup of 190 subjects. We here report for the first time an association of CHRNA5–CHRNA3–CHRNB4 gene variants with cognition possibly mediating in part risk for developing ND. The observed phenotype–genotype associations may depend on altered levels of gene expression. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermo‐oxidative degradation behavior of recycled polypropylene
Authors: Nasir Asad , Yasin Tariq , Islam Atif
Published: September 2010

This study has been carried out to mimic the thermo‐oxidative degradation of polypropylene (co‐PP) during service life and recycling. Injection molded specimens were heat aged at 130°C for different times up to maximum of 300 h to simulate the degradation of co‐PP during the service life. These aged specimens were mixed with stabilizers in internal mixer and again heat aged up to 300 h. A small increase in melt flow rate (MFR) value was observed for aged co‐PP but it showed large increase after recycling. The presence of carbonyl peak at 1713 cm−1 confirmed the oxidation of co‐PP during aging and it increases with aging time. Carbonyl index (CI) is increased in recycled sample with aging, whereas oxidation induction time (OIT) decreased. The stabilizers used during reprocessing are quite effective in controlling the thermo‐oxidative degradation of the polymer during processing and aging. The thermogravimetric analysis shows that the onset of degradation temperature starts at low temperature for recycled sample as compared to virgin co‐PP. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Cycloolefin copolymer/fumed silica nanocomposites
Authors: Dorigato Andrea , Pegoretti Alessandro , Fambri Luca , Slouf Miroslav , Kolarik Jan
Published: September 2010

We prepared cycloolefin copolymer (COC)/fumed silica nanocomposites by melt compounding to study the effect of the filler dimensions (filler surface area) on the physical properties, with particular attention to their thermal, mechanical, and optical behaviors. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed a positive contribution of silica nanoparticles to the thermal degradation resistance of COC, as the decomposition temperature of the nanofilled samples increased by 40°C with respect to that of the unfilled matrix. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and quasi‐static tensile tests of the nanocomposites evidenced a slight stiffening effect, proportional to the nanofiller surface area, without any reduction in the fracture toughness. Creep resistance of the nanocomposites was increased by the addition of silica nanoparticles, especially when high‐surface‐area nanoparticles were used. The positive effect of the nanoparticles on the viscoelastic and fracture behavior was related to the uniform dispersion of silica aggregates in the matrix. Ultraviolet–visible spectrometry measurements evidenced that the original transparency of neat COC was practically maintained after the addition of silica nanoparticles. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of the structure of curing agents modified by epoxidized oleic esters on the toughness of cured epoxy resins
Authors: Cheng Xu , Chen Yan‐Xiong , Du Zong‐Liang , Zhu Pu‐Xin , Wu Da‐Cheng
Published: September 2010

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the ester carbon chain length of curing agents modified by epoxidized oleic esters on the toughness of cured epoxy resins. An amine‐terminated prepolymer (i.e., curing agent G) was synthesized from a bisphenol A type liquid epoxy resin and triethylene tetramine. The toughening curing agents (G1 and G2) were prepared by reactions of epoxidized oleic methyl ester and epoxidized oleic capryl ester, respectively, with curing agent G. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry was used to characterize the chemical structure of the curing agents. The effects of the carbon chain length of the oleic ester group in the curing agents on the toughness and other performances of the curing epoxy resins were investigated by analysis of the Izod impact strength, tensile strength, elongation at break, thermal properties, and morphology of the fracture surfaces of the samples. The results denote that the toughness of the cured epoxy resins increased with the introduction of oleic esters into the curing agents without a loss of mechanical properties and that the toughness and thermal stability of the materials increased with increasing ester carbon chain length. The toughness enhancement was attributed to the flexibility of the end carbon chains and ester carbon chains of the oleic esters in the toughening curing agents. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Self‐assembled and crystallized composites made from poly(ether amine) and montmorillonite in the presence of copper(II) ions
Authors: Lee Rong‐Jer , Tsai Wei‐Cheng , Cheng Wen‐Tung , Shiue Bin‐Chen , Lin Jiang‐Jen
Published: September 2010

Self‐assembled and crystallized composites made from montmorillonite (MMT) by intercalation with poly(ether amine) salts and copper(II) [Cu(II)] ions simultaneously were studied. The manipulation of the silicate unit structure of the secondary (001) lattice by physically imposed osmotic pressure on the platelet interlayer was used. Divalent copper salt assisted a strong depletion effect with balancing the counterions in the clay interlayer and resulted in the extension of the dimensions of the (001) plane by increasing the spacing expansion by more than two orders of magnitude. The simultaneous adsorption of Cu(II) and intercalation of poly(oxypropylene)amine (POP) salts onto the MMT units ultimately minimized their amorphous aggregation through electrostatic attraction between the negative surface and positive edge among the silicate units. Alternatively, the attraction force through face‐to‐face stacking on the silicate surface is proposed, and the conformation of the POP/Cu(II) complex aligned with the approaching platelets to form orderly structures. X‐ray diffraction of the MMT units exhibited a high order of reflection (i.e., (006)) in Bragg's pattern; this implied a repetitive regularity between the plate–plate distances. The high regularity disappeared when the Cu(II) adsorption exceeded the critical clay cation‐exchange capacity of 1.4. The conformation of the flexible polyether backbone was altered and could no longer sustain the plate distance and the symmetric packing was destroyed when the basal spacing was decreased from 82.6 to 18.0 Å. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Preparation of chelating fabrics by radiation‐induced grafting of itaconic acid and acrylonitrile onto polypropylene nonwoven fabrics and subsequent amination of graft copolymer
Authors: Zu Jianhua , Nho Young Chang , Jeun Joon Pyo , Liu Ruiqin , Liu Li , Yan Feng , Xia Min
Published: September 2010

A mixture of acrylonitrile (AN) and itaconic acid (IA) was cografted onto polypropylene (PP) nonwoven fabrics by preirradiation method. The effects of graft polymerization conditions such as temperature, reaction time, Mohr's salt concentration, solvent mixture ratio, and comonomer composition on the total grafting yield were investigated. The addition of AN as a comonomer increased the amount of IA that reacted with PP fabrics. An increase in the temperature from 40 to 60°C increased the grafting rate, but the final grafting yield decreased at high temperature. The addition of 0.01 wt % Mohr's salt to the reaction medium leaded to a sharp increase of grafting yield. The accelerative effect of solvent medium on the grating yield was higher in dimethylformamide (DMF) and methanol mixtures, when compared with DMF or methanol. Chelating fabrics was synthesized by subsequent amination of grafted fabric with ethylene diamine (EDA) and phenylhydrazine (PH). The conversion yield reached maximum value at about 90% for 80% PP‐g‐AN‐IA fabrics at 90°C. At same amination conditions, the conversion yield is higher when PP‐g‐AN‐IA fabrics react with EDA compared with PH. FT‐IR data indicate that amine groups were introduced onto PP‐g‐AN‐IA fabric through amide linkage between grafted AN or IA and EDA or PH. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Dispersion of SiC coated MWCNTs in PEI/silicone rubber blend and its effect on the thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: Nayak Ganesh Chandra , Rajasekar R. , Das Chapal Kumar
Published: September 2010

Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are modified by polycarbosilane derived SiC to improve the dispersion of MWCNTs in the polymer matrix. Unmodified and modified MWCNTs are dispersed in PEI/hydroxyl terminated PDMS(HTSR) blend by melt mixing. TEM and FESEM images shows better dispersion of SiC coated MWCNTs in the blend matrix when compared with pure MWCNTs. Thermal stability of the SiC coated MWCNTs added nanocomposite improved drastically than that of the pure MWCNTs. Compared with pure PEI/HTSR binary blend and unmodified MWCNTs/PEI/HTSR ternary blend, the storage modulus, tensile modulus, and tensile strength of SiC coated MWCNTs/PEI/HTSR blend increased, due to the better dispersion of the modified MWCNTs in polymer matrix. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Natural extracts as potential source of antioxidants to stabilize polyolefins
Authors: Dopico‐García M. S. , Castro‐López M. M. , López‐Vilariño J. M. , González‐Rodríguez M. V. , Valentão P. , Andrade P. B. , García‐Garabal S. , Abad M. J.
Published: September 2010

Several natural matrices were investigated as potential sources of antioxidants to be used as plastic additives. Extracts of four matrices obtained under the same experimental conditions were initially considered: green tea, black tea, Lippia citriodora and Hypericum androsaemum. Both, the antioxidant activity of the extracts and their content in flavanols and quercetin, were compared. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH analysis and the phenolic composition by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using ultraviolet (UV) diode array and fluorescence (FL) detectors. Concentration of the flavanols reduced in the same way as their antioxidant activity starting with green tea, through black tea, Hypericum androsaemum, and Lippia citriodora. The performance of polypropylene samples stabilized with green tea extract, or its individual components catechin and epicatechin, was compared with samples stabilized with a mixture of the synthetic antioxidants Irganox 1076 and Irgafos 168. Each sample was extruded and consecutively reextruded up to four times. The melt flow index (MFI) and the oxidation induction time (OIT) of the samples were measured after each step. The obtained results showed the interest of this natural matrix as a potential source of antioxidants for plastics. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Characterization and performance of melamine enhanced urea formaldehyde resin for bonding southern pine particleboard
Authors: Sun Qi‐Ning , Hse Chung‐Yun , Shupe Todd F.
Published: September 2010

Urea‐formaldehyde resins modified by melamine were synthesized by four catalysts (H2SO4, HCl, H3PO4, and NaOH/NH4OH) with a F/U/M molar ratio of 1.38/1/0.074. Resin structure and thermal behavior were studied by 13C‐NMR and DSC techniques. For H2SO4, HCl, and H3PO4 catalysts, resins were prepared by two stage pH adjustment: the first pH stage was set at 1.25 (H3PO4 pH 1.60) and second pH stage was set at 5.0. For the NaOH/NH4OH catalyst, the resin was set at pH 5.0 from the start. Of the four catalysts, HCl catalyzed resins, with the highest free urea and lowest free formaldehyde, consistently yielded the lowest formaldehyde emission; NaOH/NH4OH catalyst resulted in the best IB strength tested at dry conditions and also after 24 h cold water soak and the lowest water absorption and thickness swell. The resins catalyzed with H3PO4 had the highest free formaldehyde and no free urea yielding the highest formaldehyde emission. Each DSC thermogram was proceeded by a weak exothermic peak and followed by an obvious endothermic peak. The exothermic peak temperatures were 125.0, 131.1, 111.4, and 125.2°C, and endothermic peak temperatures were 135.8, 147.6, 118.9, and 138.4°C, respectively, for H2SO4, HCl, H3PO4, and NaOH/NH4OH catalysts. The close proximity of the peak temperatures of the exothermic and endothermic reactions strongly suggests that there is potential interference of heat flow between the exothermic and endothermic reactions which may impact resin curing. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Viscosity and retention of sulfonated polyacrylamide polymers at high temperature
Authors: Rashidi Masoud , Blokhus Anne Marit , Skauge Arne
Published: September 2010

The viscosity and retention of several copolymers of acrylamide (AM) with sodium salt of 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (PAMS), and also hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) have been studied under aerobic condition with and without the sacrificial agent, isobutyl alcohol (IBA) added at a temperature of 80°C. Parallel experiments have been performed in synthetic seawater (SSW) and 5 wt % NaCl. The viscosity at high temperature has been studied as a function of aging time, shear rate, sulfonation degree, molecular weight, and concentration of IBA. The retention in porous medium for sulfonated polyacrylamide polymers was measured in core floods using outcrop Berea sandstone. For the studied polymer sacrificial agent may protect polymer structure at high temperature. Higher sacrificial agent concentration gives better thermal stability in both 5 wt % NaCl and SSW solvents. Sulfonation degree also has a direct effect on thermal stability, i.e., higher sulfonation degree lead to better thermal stability in terms of viscosity. By increasing temperature, less relative reduction in polymer solution viscosity was observed for the polymer with lower molecular weight. The presence of divalent ions at high temperature leads to strong reduction of HPAM polymer solution viscosity, but the viscosity is better maintained for PAMS copolymer solution at high temperature. The precipitation of HPAM first occurred after 3 months at 80°C and for PAMS copolymer with lowest sulfonation degree precipitation started after 7 months. For the studied polymers the retention was found to be relatively independent of temperature and compared to HPAM a much lower retention is observed for the sulfonated copolymers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Berechnungsmethode auf die Größe von Zwangschnittgrößen in Stahlbeton‐Tragwerken
Authors: Strauß Peter
Published: September 2010

Es wird anhand eines Rechenbeispieles gezeigt, dass die Größe von Zwangbeanspruchungen in Stahlbeton‐ und Spannbetontragwerken wesentlich von der zur Schnittkraftermittlung gewählten Berechnungsmethode abhängig ist und dass in Sonderfällen – z. B. zur Tragfähigkeitsbeurteilung älterer Bauwerke – eine nichtlineare Berechnung zur realistischen Erfassung von Zwangbeanspruchungen sinnvoll sein kann.

Investigations on the Influence of Calculation Methods on the Dimension of Constraint Stresses in Reinforced Concrete Structures

A calculation example shows, that the dimension of constraint stresses in reinforced concrete structures depends siginificantly on the calculation method used for the evaluation of stress‐resultants. In particular cases – e.g. assessment of the load‐bearingcapacity of older buildings – a nonlinear calculation is reasonable to have a realistic assessment of the contraint stresses.
EC2 Pilotprojekte – Erfahrungen eines Ingenieurbüros bei der Normenarbeit
Authors: Mechsner Sandra , Leichter Hilmar , Jahnke Hartwig
Published: September 2010

Unser Ingenieurbüro beteiligte sich als eines von zwölf deutschen Ingenieurbüros an dem DIBt‐Forschungsvorhaben “Eurocode 2 – Pilotprojekte”. Aus der Sicht eines relativ kleinen Ingenieurbüros (acht Ingenieure, davon ein Prüfingenieur für Standsicherheit) wird diese umfangreiche und zeitaufwändige Normenarbeit beschrieben. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse aus den Vergleichsrechnungen zwischen DIN 1045‐1 (07/01) und DIN EN 1992‐1‐1 werden kurz erläutert. Der Einfluss der zum Teil ehrenamtlichen Arbeit auf die eigentlich notwendige Bürotätigkeit (Erstellen von statischen Berechnungen, Prüfen von statischen Berechnungen) wird ausgewertet. Es zeigt sich an diesem Pilotprojekt, dass sich die Normenarbeit in Deutschland ändern muss. Die Ingenieurbüros müssen sich endlich mehr an der Normenerstellung beteiligen, damit nutzungsfreundliche Vorschriften entstehen.
Das EC2‐Pilotprojekt – Praxistest für die neue Stahlbetonnorm
Authors: Steffens Alexander
Published: September 2010

Aus den zum Teil leidvollen Erfahrungen der Einführung einer im ersten Anlauf sehr fehlerhaften DIN 1045‐1 (07/2001) heraus wurde insbesondere auf Initiative praktisch tätiger Ingenieure das von den Verbänden DBV, BVPI und VBI getragene “Pilotprojekt EC2” ins Leben gerufen. Im Rahmen dieses Gemeinschaftsprojektes erprobten zwölf Ingenieurbüros unterschiedlichster Größe unter Einbeziehung von zehn Softwareherstellern von ca. Mai 2007, direkt nach Fertigstellung des Entwurfes des Nationalen Anhanges (NA) zum EC2, bis Ende 2009 an von ihnen selbst nach DIN 1045‐1 geplanten typischen Bauvorhaben des Hochbaus den EC2+NA. Dabei konnte nicht nur der aus dem Englischen übersetzte Text korrigiert und deutlich verbessert sondern auch das Sicherheitsniveau des EC2 mit dem der DIN 1045‐1 verglichen werden. Die in einem umfangreichen Abschlussbericht dokumentierten Ergebnisse des Projektes werden zurzeit in einer Fachartikelserie von Herrn Dr. Fingerloos in Beton‐ und Stahlbetonbau veröffentlicht. An dieser Stelle sollen einige bürospezifische Erfahrungen aus dem Pilotprojekt ergänzt werden.
Lehre im Bauingenieurwesen – Ganzheitliches, werkstoffübergreifendes Entwerfen und Konstruieren
Authors: Bögle Annette , Schlaich Mike
Published: September 2010

Eine neue Ausrichtung der akademischen Curricula ist angesichts der heutigen technologischen, ökologischen und gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen an das Bauingenieurwesen unerlässlich. Der hier beschriebene Ansatz der werkstoffübergreifenden Lehre des Entwerfens und Konstruierens, wie er an der TU Berlin umgesetzt wird, bietet eine Möglichkeit Bauingenieurnachwuchs auszubilden, der sich im konstruktiven Bereich den Herausforderungen der Zeit stellen kann.

Teaching Conceptual and Structural Design in a holistic and materialcomprehensive way

Due to todays technological, ecological and social challenges a new approach of the academic curricula essential is concerning structural and civil engineering. This paper describes the concept of materialcomprehensive conceptual and structural design as it is taught at the TU Berlin. This is one possibility to educate the next generation of structural engineers, to make them ready for facing the challenges to come.
Bounds on controlled direct effects under monotonic assumptions about mediators and confounders
Authors: Chiba Yasutaka
Published: September 2010

Adjusting for intermediate variables is a common analytic strategy for estimating a direct effect. Even if the total effect is unconfounded, the direct effect is not identified when unmeasured variables affect the intermediate and outcome variables. Therefore, some researchers presented bounds on the controlled direct effectsvialinear programming. They applied a monotonic assumption about treatment and intermediate variables and a no‐interaction assumption to derive narrower bounds. Here, we improve their bounds without using linear programming and hence derive a bound under the monotonic assumption about an intermediate variable only. To improve the bounds, we further introduce the monotonic assumption about confounders. While previous studies assumed that an outcome is a binary variable, we do not make that assumption. The proposed bounds are illustrated using two examples from randomized trials.
Bead size effects on protein‐mediated DNA looping in tethered‐particle motion experiments
Authors: Milstein J. N. , Chen Y. F. , Meiners J.‐C.
Published: September 2010

Tethered particle motion (TPM) has become an important tool for single‐molecule studies of biomolecules; however, concerns remain that the method may alter the dynamics of the biophysical process under study. We investigate the effect of the attached microsphere on an illustrative biological example: the formation and breakdown of protein‐mediated DNA loops in the lac repressor system. By comparing data from a conventional TPM experiment with 800 nm polystyrene beads and dark‐field TPM using 50 nm Au nanoparticles, we found that the lifetimes of the looped and unlooped states are only weakly modified, less than two‐fold, by the presence of the large bead. This is consistent with our expectation of weak excluded‐volume effects and hydrodynamic surface interactions from the cover glass and microsphere. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 95: 144–150, 2011.
Rho kinase signalling mediates radiation-induced inflammation and intestinal barrier dysfunction
Authors: Mihaescu A , Santén S , Jeppsson B , Thorlacius H
Published: September 2010

Background

Radiotherapy is important in the management of pelvic malignancies, but radiation-induced intestinal damage is a dose-limiting factor. Microvascular injury and epithelial barrier dysfunction are considered to be rate-limiting aspects in radiation-induced enteropathy. This study investigated the role of Rho kinase signalling in radiation-induced inflammation and intestinal barrier dysfunction.

Methods

The specific Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (1 and 10 mg/kg) was given to C57BL/6J mice before challenge with 20 Gy radiation. Leucocyte– and platelet–endothelium interactions in the colonic microcirculation were assessed by intravital microscopy. Levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and CXC chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein 2 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant), and intestinal leakage were quantified after 16 h.

Results

Radiation increased leucocyte and platelet recruitment, MPO activity, CXC chemokine production and intestinal leakage. Y-27632 significantly reduced radiation-induced leucocyte rolling and abolished adhesion; it also decreased platelet rolling and adhesion by 55 and 74 per cent respectively (P < 0·050). Inhibition of Rho kinase signalling significantly decreased radiation-provoked formation of CXC chemokines, MPO activity by 52 per cent, and intestinal leakage by 67 per cent (P < 0·050).

Conclusion

Rho kinase activity constitutes an important signalling mechanism in radiation-induced inflammation and intestinal barrier dysfunction.
An empirical study on factors influencing the effectiveness of algorithm visualization
Authors: Lazaridis Vassilios , Samaras Nikolaos , Sifaleras Angelo
Published: September 2010

The determination of the factors influencing the effectiveness of algorithm visualization poses an interesting research question. In this paper, we present the results of a longitude empirical study regarding this question. The study was based on an evaluation of the Visual LinProg educational tool inside classrooms. Visual LinProg is a web‐based educational tool, which solves linear programming problems using animation and visualization techniques. Visual LinProg was developed to be used in linear programming courses to supplement the teaching. Our empirical study is based on questionnaires that include quantitative and qualitative topics. This evaluation first indicates that Visual LinProg facilitates the learning of the revised simplex algorithm and second presents more results on factors influencing the understanding of this algorithm by the students/users of the Visual LinProg. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 410–420, 2013
HgII Ion Specifically Binds with T:T Mismatched Base Pair in Duplex DNA
Authors: Torigoe Hidetaka , Ono Akira , Kozasa Tetsuo
Published: September 2010

Metal‐mediated base pair formation, resulting from the interaction between metal ions and artificial bases in oligonucleotides, has been developed for its potential application in nanotechnology. We have recently found that the T:T mismatched base pair binds with HgII ions to generate a novel metal‐mediated base pair in duplex DNA. The thermal stability of the duplex with the T‐Hg‐T base pair was comparable to that of the corresponding T:A or A:T. The novel T‐Hg‐T base pair involving the natural base thymine is more convenient than the metal‐mediated base pairs involving artificial bases due to the lack of time‐consuming synthesis. Here, we examine the specificity and thermodynamic properties of the binding between HgII ions and the T:T mismatched base pair. Only the melting temperature of the duplex with T:T and not of the perfectly matched or other mismatched base pairs was found to specifically increase in the presence of HgII ions. HgII specifically bound with the T:T mismatched base pair at a molar ratio of 1:1 with a binding constant of 106 M−1, which is significantly higher than that for nonspecific metal ion–DNA interactions. Furthermore, the higher‐order structure of the duplex was not significantly distorted by the HgII ion binding. Our results support the idea that the T‐Hg‐T base pair could eventually lead to progress in potential applications of metal‐mediated base pairs in nanotechnology.
Synthesis and Molecular Modelling of Double‐Functionalised Nucleosides with Aromatic Moieties in the 5′‐(S)‐Position and Minor Groove Interactions in DNA Zipper Structures
Authors: Shaikh Khalil Isak , Madsen Charlotte Stahl , Nielsen Lise Junker , Jørgensen Anna Søndergaard , Nielsen Henrik , Petersen Michael , Nielsen Poul
Published: September 2010

A series of six double‐functionalised nucleosides, in which aromatic moieties were inserted into the 5′‐(S)‐C‐position, were synthesised and incorporated into DNA duplexes. The aromatic moieties were thymine‐1‐yl, phenyl, 1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl, 1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl, 4‐(uracil‐5‐yl)‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl and 4‐phenyl‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl. The DNA duplexes were studied with UV melting curves, CD spectroscopy and molecular modelling. The results showed that the aromatic moieties in some cases interact in the minor groove forming DNA zipper structures. The strongest specific interaction was found between two thymines or between a thymine and a phenyl group in a crossed (−3)‐zipper motif (i.e., with two base pairs interspacing the modifications). Modelling revealed that the interaction is aromatic stacking across the minor groove. Also, the extended uracil‐triazole moiety demonstrated zipper contacts in the minor groove as well as binding to the floor of the groove.
ChemInform Abstract: The Structures of δ‐PdCl2 and γ‐PdCl2: Phases with Negative Thermal Expansion in One Direction.
Authors: Evers Juergen , Beck Wolfgang , Goebel Michael , Jakob Stefanie , Mayer Peter , Oehlinger Gilbert , Rotter Marianne , Klapoetke Thomas M.
Published: September 2010

The structure of α‐PdCl2 (orthorhombic space group Pnnm, Z = 2) is refined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Systematic Bathochromic Shift of Charge‐Transfer Bands of Mixed‐Metal Prussian‐Blue Nanoparticles Depending on Their Composition Ratios of Fe and Ni.
Authors: Ishizaki Manabu , Gotoh Akihito , Abe Makiko , Sakamoto Masatomi , Tanaka Hisashi , Kawamoto Tohru , Kurihara Masato
Published: September 2010

FexNiy [Fe(CN)6]2·zH2O (x + y = 3, z = 8—12) nanoparticles are prepared from aqueous solutions of FeSO4, Ni(NO3)2, and K3[Fe(CN)6] and surface modified with an aqueous solution of Na4[Fe(CN)6] and an excess of n‐hexylamine in n‐butanol for three days.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine as an Oxidant in the Topotactic Deintercalation of Interstitial Iron in Fe1+xTe.
Authors: Rodriguez Efrain E. , Zavalij Peter , Hsieh Ping‐Yen , Green Mark A.
Published: September 2010

The interstitial iron of Fe1+xTe is deintercalated from both single crystal and powder samples by a low temperature reaction with iodine (sealed quartz ampule, 300 °C, 18 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Gallosilicate Halide Sodalites Using Organic Solvent.
Authors: Borhade A. V. , Wakchaure S. G.
Published: September 2010

The sodalites Na8[GaSiO4]6(X)2 (X: Cl, Br, I) are synthesized by a new single step hydrothermal method from Ga2O3, SiO2, NaOH, and NaX in 30% aq.
ChemInform Abstract: [Pb2I3(18‐Crown‐6)2][SnI5] and CdI2(18‐Crown‐6)·2I2: Two Layered Iodine Networks with Crown‐Ether Coordinated Pb2+ and Cd2+.
Authors: Wolff Michael , Feldmann Claus
Published: September 2010

The structures of the new title compounds (III) (monoclinic, space group P2/n, Z = 2) and (V) (monoclinic, C2/c, Z = 4) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dihydroindoles and Tetrahydroquinolines by the Intramolecular Diels—Alder Reaction of N‐Alkenylated 2‐Acylamino‐3‐furancarbonitriles.
Authors: Maruoka Hiroshi , Okabe Fumi , Koutake Yoshimichi , Masumoto Eiichi , Fujioka Toshihiro , Yamagata Kenji
Published: September 2010

The procedure for the preparation of the title compounds, e.g. (IV), has the advantage of an easy work‐up.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Highly Functionalized Alkylzinc Halides from Alkyl Bromides Using Mg, ZnCl2 and LiCl.
Authors: Bluemke Tobias D. , Piller Fabian M. , Knochel Paul
Published: September 2010

Functionalized alkylzinc reagents are prepared by the reaction of alkyl bromides with Mg turnings in the presence of ZnCl2 and LiCl.
ChemInform Abstract: The Regio‐ and Stereochemical Course of Reductive Cross‐Coupling Reactions Between 1,3‐Disubstituted Allenes and Vinylsilanes: Synthesis of (Z)‐Dienes.
Authors: Barlan Allan U. , Micalizio Glenn C.
Published: September 2010

Titanium‐mediated reductive cross coupling between substituted allenes and terminal alkenes provides access towards polysubstituted 1,3‐(Z)‐dienes.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclooctanone Synthesis via a Formal [6 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of a Dicobalt Acetylene Complex.
Authors: Mitachi Katsuhiko , Shimizu Tadashi , Miyashita Masaaki , Tanino Keiji
Published: September 2010

The process exhibits remarkable diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Cyclization of 1,5‐Enynes.
Authors: Crone Benedikt , Kirsch Stefan F. , Umland Klaus‐Daniel
Published: September 2010

Iodonium‐induced cyclization of enynes with NIS provides access towards polysubstituted benzene derivatives in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Unprecedented Cu(I)‐Catalyzed Microwave‐Assisted Three‐Component Coupling of a Ketone, an Alkyne, and a Primary Amine.
Authors: Pereshivko Olga P. , Peshkov Vsevolod A. , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: September 2010

The title reaction (“KA2 coupling”) represents a general approach to various secondary propargylamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aryl Aldehydes Catalyzed by 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroisoquinoline β‐Amino Alcohol.
Authors: Xu Geng , Liu Zhan Zhu
Published: September 2010

With THIQ, secondary alcohols are obtained with moderate yields and generally good enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: The NHCs‐Mediated Cross‐Coupling of Aromatic Aldehydes with Benzyl Halides: Synthesis of α‐Aryl Ketones.
Authors: Lin Lu , Li Yi , Du Wenting , Deng Wei‐Ping
Published: September 2010

The optimized conditions render possible the preparation of various synthetically important title compounds in moderate yields when benzyl bromides are used.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Conversion of Aromatic Bromides and Aromatics into Aromatic Nitriles.
Authors: Ushijima Sousuke , Togo Hideo
Published: September 2010

Various bromoarenes and p‐iodotoluene can be efficiently converted to nitriles through a one‐pot sequence including lithiation, reaction with DMF and subsequent oxidation with iodine in the presence of ammonia.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of 1,4‐Enynes via Activation of a sp3‐Hybridized C—H Bond.
Authors: Vasu Dhananjayan , Das Arindam , Liu Rai‐Shung
Published: September 2010

The cycloisomerization of 1‐alkenyl‐1‐alkynylcyclopropanes (I) and (III) to cyclooctatriene derivatives (II) and (IV) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of New Aza‐Substituted Indoles via Michael‐Type Addition.
Authors: Bayindir Sinan , Erdogan Esra , Kilic Haydar , Saracoglu Nurullah
Published: September 2010

Addition of indoline to various acceptors and subsequent oxidation affords the target compounds in good overall yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Friedel—Crafts Alkylation Reaction of Indoles with α,β‐Unsaturated Acyl Phosphonates Catalyzed by Chiral Phosphoric Acid.
Authors: Bachu Prabhakar , Akiyama Takahiko
Published: September 2010

A variety of indoles (I) undergo enantioselective Friedel—Crafts alkylation with α,β‐unsaturated acyl phosphonates (II) and (V) in the presence of a BINOL‐derived phosphoric acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of a Novel Series of 2,3‐Diaryl‐substituted‐imidazo(2,1‐b)‐benzothiazole Derivatives.
Authors: Palkar Mahesh , Noolvi Malleshappa , Sankangoud Ramappa , Maddi Veeresh , Gadad Andanappa , Nargund Laxmi Venkat G.
Published: September 2010

Title compounds (III) are obtained after modification of a previously reported method.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Synthesis Using a Hypervalent Iodine Reagent: Unexpected and Novel Domino Reaction Leading to Spiro Cyclohexadienone Lactones.
Authors: Fujioka Hiromichi , Komatsu Hideyuki , Nakamura Taeko , Miyoshi Akihito , Hata Kayoko , Ganesh Jnashuara , Murai Kenichi , Kita Yasuyuki
Published: September 2010

A novel transformation of phenols bearing a benzylic tert‐alcohol moiety, e.g. (I) and (III) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Catalytic Benzylation of Hydroxycoumarin — Efficient Synthesis of Warfarin Derivatives and Analogues.
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Nachtsheim Boris J. , Sugiono Erli
Published: September 2010

A benzylation procedure for 4‐hydroxycoumarin is developed for the synthesis of substituted analogues of warfarin (XII) using Bi(OTf)3 as inexpensive catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Imino Diels—Alder Reactions: One‐Pot Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinolines.
Authors: Kamble Vinod T. , Davane Bhaskar S. , Chavan Sanjay A. , Muley Dnyanoba B. , Atkore Sandeep T.
Published: September 2010

The three‐component coupling proceeds within short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Primary Anticonvulsant Activity Evaluation of 6‐Alkyoxyl‐tetrazolo[5,1‐a]phthalazine Derivatives.
Authors: Sun Xian‐Yu , Wei Cheng‐Xi , Deng Xian‐Qing , Sun Zhi‐Gang , Quan Zhe‐Shan
Published: September 2010

Title compounds (V), synthesized starting from dichlorophthalazine (I), are found to exhibit anticonvulsant activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Rod‐Like Conjugated Molecules with Ethynylene Linkage and Pyridazine Moieties: Synthesis and Light Emitting Properties.
Authors: Hadad Caroline , Fiol‐Petit Catherine , Cornec Anne‐Sophie , Dupas Georges , Ramondenc Yvan , Ple Nelly
Published: September 2010

A series of title compounds are prepared using Sonogashira cross‐coupling and condensation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Tri(t‐butyl)phosphine‐Assisted Selective Hydrosilylation of Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Wu Wei , Zhang Xiao Yun , Kang Shou Xing , Gao Yan Min
Published: September 2010

Pure (E)‐ or α‐products are obtained exclusively depending on the alkynes and silanes used.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Arylphosphonates by Cyclocondensation of 1,3‐Bis(trimethylsilyloxy)buta‐1,3‐dienes with 3‐Ethoxy‐2‐phosphonylalk‐2‐en‐1‐ones.
Authors: Fatunsin Olumide , Shkoor Mohanand , Riahi Abdolmajid , Langer Peter
Published: September 2010

It is important for the process to work with a highly concentrated solution of phosphonates (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Borostannylation of Alkynes and Enynes. Scope and Limitations of the Reaction and Utility of the Adducts.
Authors: Singidi Ramakrishna Reddy , RajanBabu T. V.
Published: September 2010

The Pd‐catalyzed reaction with the hetero‐bismetallating reagent (I) gives hydrolytically instable intermediates which are directly converted to stable boron pinacolates.
ChemInform Abstract: The Organocatalytic Three‐Step Total Synthesis of (+)‐Frondosin B.
Authors: Reiter Maud , Torssell Staffan , Lee Sandra , MacMillan David W. C.
Published: September 2010

A short approach is elaborated which affords the desired title compound (VI) together with lower amounts of its double bond isomer.
ChemInform Abstract: Determination of the Structure and Its Absolute Configuration of 2′′‐Hydroxynicotianamine, an Inhibitor Against Angiotensin‐I Converting Enzyme in Buckwheat, Through the Total Synthesis.
Authors: Yoshikawa Keisuke , Watanabe Hidenori , Aoyagi Yasuo , Kitahara Takeshi
Published: September 2010

The absolute configuration of 2′′‐hydroxynicotianamine (I), an inhibitor against angiotensin‐I converting enzyme, is determined by an enantioselective synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Symmetry, Optical Properties and Thermodynamics of Neptunium(V) Complexes
Authors: Rao Linfeng , Tian Guoxin
Published: September 2010

Review: 32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Superconducting Ferromagnet UCoGe
Authors: Gasparini A. , Huang Y. K. , Huy N. T. , Klaasse J. C. P. , Naka T. , Slooten E. , de Visser A.
Published: September 2010

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Molecular Materials with Paramagnetic Lanthanide Ions
Authors: Wang Bing‐Wu , Jiang Shang‐Da , Wang Xiu‐Teng , Gao Song
Published: September 2010

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Homogeneous Gold Catalysis Beyond Assumptions and Proposals — Characterized Intermediates
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: September 2010

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional AgOAc‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Reactions
Authors: Chen Qing‐An , Wang Duo‐Sheng , Zhou Yong‐Gui
Published: September 2010

Review: cycloaddition reactions; 93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Core‐Substituted Naphthalenediimides
Authors: Sakai Naomi , Mareda Jiri , Vauthey Eric , Matile Stefan
Published: September 2010

Review: synthesis, electrochemistry, spectroscopy, supramolecular chemistry, molecular recognition and electron transport properties; 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Platinum Chemotherapeutics
Authors: Harper Benjamin W. , Krause‐Heuer Anwen M. , Grant Maxine P. , Manohar Madhura , Garbutcheon‐Singh K. Benjamin , Aldrich‐Wright Janice R.
Published: September 2010

Review: [105 refs.]