bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA links Andean tepui endemic Helonoma peruviana to Hapalorchis (Orchidaceae, Spiranthinae)
Authors: SALAZAR GERARDO A. , BAQUERO LUIS , JIMÉNEZ MARCO , RIZO-PATRÓN FEDERICO
Published: November 2022

Helonoma peruviana is here reported as a generic and specific addition to the Ecuadorian orchid flora based on a plant found recently in the Cordillera del Cóndor. The systematic position of H. peruviana was assessed by means of a Bayesian inference analysis of plastid (matK-trnK, trnL-trnF) and nuclear (ITS) DNA sequences from 43 genera and 50 species of Spiranthinae, plus suitable outgroups. The analysis recovered H. peruviana as the strongly supported sister of Hapalorchis, being more distantly related to Beloglottis, a genus in which Helonoma has been merged at the sectional level. Despite some differences in perianth morphology, Helonoma and Hapalorchis share both vegetative (densely pubescent roots, decumbent rhizome) and reproductive traits (similar column and pollinarium morphology). Helonoma has a disjunct distribution between the Guiana Shield and the Andean tepui region, and H. peruviana is restricted to the later in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
Mathilde Schott, A Woman’s Influence in the Revolution of the Scalpel in the 1890s
Authors: Elson Nora C. , Yoder Lauren M. , Dick Katie D. , Meister Katherine M. , Wexelman Barbara A.
Published: November 2022

Surgery relies on the scalpel; the surgeon’s first instrument in every case. From early knives crafted in the pre-historic era to today, the scalpel has evolved along with medical and surgical fields but maintained its critical role and symbolism of operative intervention. A significant catalyst for change in surgical instrument development in the late 1800s was the evolution of anesthesia and antisepsis. Surgical instruments were affected by harsh sterilization techniques, creating need for a method to maintain surgical scalpel sharpness. Mathilde Schott, an early female biomedical engineering innovator, filed a patent (US431153) in 1890 for a detachable scalpel blade. Schott identified and responded to the needs of surgeons at the turn of the 20th century and created a detachable blade and stabilizing lever. Schott persevered in a society unaccustomed to women leaders, subsequently improving medicine, surgery, and engineering.
Dimensions of Trust: A Review of Trust in Government
Authors: Tanny Tahmina Ferdous
Published: November 2022

This article explains different dimensions of trust relevant to trust in government and, therefore, suggests a brief model for practical application. The study pursues content analysis method for theoretical treatment of knowledge produced from studying secondary sources of literature. Imitating the context, the concept of trust is clarified first, and then dimensions of trust are arranged under two broad heads: institutional trust and social trust. And then follow the analyses and the subdivisions thoroughly. A compendious model is suggested with possible solutions for public trust in government. Explanations claim that aggregation of institutional trust, that is, political, administrative and social trust, might build an array of trustworthy governance, though adequate pertinent literature are not easily available. This paper recommends that trust in government model may be tested for further empirical study.
The Effectiveness of Integrated Group Therapy on Prolonged Grief Disorder of Bereaved People from COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bardideh Fatemeh , Jarareh Jamshid , Mofrad Mohammad , Bardideh Kosar
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the integrated cognitive-behavioral group therapy and Gestalt empty chair technique on bereaved individuals with COVID-19-caused PGD (prolonged grief disease). Thirty-six patients with PGD resultant from COVID-19 were randomly assigned intervention and control groups. The intervention group underwent 16 90-minute integrated group therapy sessions twice a week. Both groups completed the BDI II depression, NAI anger, and GASP guilt scale before, after, and 2 months after the study’s conclusion. The intervention and control groups significantly differed in the depression, anger, and guilt indices after the therapeutic intervention ( p < .001). This difference remained in the follow-up phase. Integrated group therapy in treating could help with some of the symptoms of PGD resulting from the corona-caused loss of loved ones. This reduction in symptoms was also stable over time.
Sexual Behaviors and Desires of Inmates in a Finnish Prison: A Survey Study With Population-Based Comparisons
Authors: Gunst Annika , Ryömä Irmeli , Andersson Madeleine , Laine Mari , Jern Patrick
Published: November 2022

Using paper surveys, we investigated sexual behaviors and desires of 181 inmates in a Finnish prison. Conjugal visits, sexual desire, and gender were the strongest predictors of sexual activity. Reports of coercive experiences were somewhat less prevalent than reported in international studies. Compared with population-based data, inmates reported fewer partnered behaviors, although their desires for these activities were similar. The masturbation frequency did not differ between the two populations; men generally masturbated more than they desired. Male prisoners who reported more masturbation also reported lower well-being. These results can be used to guide prisoners and staff on topics relevant to prisoner sexuality.
Book review: Gowri Vijayakumar. 2021. At Risk: Indian Sexual Politics and the Global AIDS Crisis
Authors: Philip Shannon
Published: November 2022

Gowri Vijayakumar. 2021. At Risk: Indian Sexual Politics and the Global AIDS Crisis. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 280 pp. Appendix, Notes, bibliography, index. $85 (hardback)
Book review: Sangeeta Dasgupta. 2022. Reordering Adivasi Worlds: Representation, Resistance, Memory
Authors: Savyasaachi
Published: November 2022

Sangeeta Dasgupta. 2022. Reordering Adivasi Worlds: Representation, Resistance, Memory. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. 368 pp. Figures, notes, bibliography, index. ₹1450 (hardback)
V: A critical stock-taking of health services for the adivasis in western Odisha at the time of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jena Asima
Published: November 2022

By the end of March 2021, 10 districts of western Odisha, bordering Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand, were badly hit by the second wave of COVID-19. Stock-taking of the public health infrastructure in the adivasi pockets of Odisha is pivotal as the state is duty-bound to improve public health. The NGOs fighting for rights of adivasis find it contradictory that Odisha state boasts of exporting oxygen from western Odisha to 10 other states while maintaining the position that it has surplus oxygen, whereas on the ground, commoners in the hospitals were dying due to a lack of oxygen. The silent deaths of adivasis are not due to the deadliness of the virus but a consequence of systemic neglect by the state. If poverty and low standards of living imperilled their lives slowly, lack of public provisioning of COVID-19 treatment triggered mass deaths, did not find media coverage, and officially these are not esven counted as ‘data’ to be mourned.
Knowledge of dementia and dementia care in a cross-sectional sample of individuals living in rural and urban areas in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Mfene Xoli Precious , Pillay Basil Joseph
Published: November 2022

Knowledge of dementia is considered one of the facilitators of dementia risk reduction because it has been linked to early detection, diagnosis, and help-seeking in people with dementia. This study explored knowledge of dementia symptoms, causes, and care in a community sample of individuals living in rural and urban areas in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A cross-sectional household study of 300 participants, ⩾ 18 years old, using semi-structured individual interviews was conducted. Of the 300 participants, 94% recognised the presence of the cognitive decline symptoms, and 12.4% identified the symptoms as dementia. Participants emphasised biological and medical risk factors over socio-cultural factors. Although the participants primarily adopted a biomedical understanding of dementia, with a small number acknowledging a traditional understanding, they preferred a multi-disciplinary approach to care. Participants advocated for a multidisciplinary care approach that included medical, family, social work, mental health services, and spiritual and traditional care for people with dementia and their families. Therefore, policy and care services for African people with dementia and their families need to holistically integrate multiple care approaches. This will maximise the benefit of public health interventions while also building capacity in our understaffed and burdened healthcare systems.
Initial Evidence for Shifting Race Essentialism Beliefs in the Classroom
Authors: Young Danielle M. , Wilton Leigh S. , Howansky Kristina
Published: November 2022

Background

Teaching students about race and racism is critical to and relevant in psychology classrooms.

Objective

We explored whether direct instruction dismantling ideas that race is genetic affects students' race essentialist and other related beliefs.

Method

Undergraduate students enrolled in four social psychology courses completed measures of race essentialism and other related beliefs before and after engaging in course-directed activities designed to reduce endorsement of biological essentialist beliefs about race.

Results

After class activities, students reported lower levels of general racial essentialist beliefs and estimated that more progress is needed to reduce racial inequality. However, attitudes towards racially minoritized groups or perceived need for anti-racist actions did not shift, and colorblind ideology may have increased.

Conclusion

These data provide evidence that essentialism shifts can be accomplished in the psychology classroom, but shifting related beliefs may require additional instruction.

Teaching Implications

The class activities described in this research provide a way for instructors to introduce students to a new concept (race essentialism) and change students’ beliefs in the genetic underpinning of race.
Latinas Experiences with Sexual Satisfaction, Pleasure and Desire: An Exploratory Qualitative Study
Authors: Velez Christine Marie , Ávila Maria Mercedes , Best Jared Israel , Chalco Jaylyn
Published: November 2022

While factors related to undesirable consequences of sexual activity for Latinas are well documented, Latinas’ experiences with sexual satisfaction and pleasure in the broader context of sexual health remain understudied. The objective of this study is to increase understanding around adult Latinas’ experiences with sexual satisfaction, pleasure, and desire. Participants were recruited via a combination of convenience and snowball sampling approaches and engaged in individual interviews which utilized a semi-structured approach. Twenty self-identified Latina women, ages 19–37, participated. Participants represented diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds within the Latina diaspora. Three themes (each with subthemes) emerged from this analysis: (1) Latina women value sex and sexuality, (2) specific factors make their sexual experiences more or less pleasurable, and (3) experiences of being Latina shape sexual relationships and encounters. These findings have implications for social work education, practice, and policy. Critical and strengths-based approaches encourage questioning and critiquing power dynamics in the sexual lives of Latina women and have potential to inform work with other groups.
Peripartum Pharmacotherapy: A Pharmacist’s Guide
Authors: Barnes Kylie N. , Leader Lauren D. , Cieri-Hutcherson Nicole E. , Kelsey Julie , Hebert Mary F. , Karaoui Lamis R. , McBane Sarah
Published: November 2022

Complications throughout the peripartum period may be caused by preexisting conditions or pregnancy-induced conditions and may alter pharmacotherapy management. Pharmacotherapy management during late pregnancy and delivery requires careful consideration due to changing hormones, hemodynamic status, and pharmacokinetics, and concerns for potential maternal and/or fetal morbidity. Increased maternal and fetal monitoring are often required and may lead to therapy changes. Pharmacists, as key members of the interprofessional team, can contribute essential perspective to the management of postpartum pharmacotherapy through assessment and recommendation of appropriate and judicious use of medications.
Effect of Ti2SnC mass fraction on microstructure and friction–wear performance of laser cladded Ni–WC coatings under WS2 lubrication condition
Authors: Yongfu Xu , Dejun Kong
Published: November 2022

Ni–WC coatings with the different Ti2SnC mass fractions were prepared on the substrate of S136 steel by laser cladding (LC), in which the metallurgical bonding was formed at the coating interfaces. The microstructure and phases of obtained coatings were analyzed using a super depth of field microscope (SDFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The effect of Ti2SnC mass fraction on the microstructure and tribological properties of Ni–WC coating were investigated using a ball-on-disc wear tester, and the wear model was also established to analyze the role of Ti2SnC phase in the friction process. The results show that the Ni–WC–8%Ti2SnC coating has the lowest coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate among the three kinds of coating, and the wear mechanism is abrasive wear, which is contributed to the friction reduction and wear resistance roles of Ti2SnC phase. Furthermore, the COF and wear rate of Ni–WC coating can be reduced by the addition of appropriate Ti2SnC mass fraction, which may provide the reference for the friction and wear of Ti2SnC MAX phase in the coating field.
A prescribed time attitude control method based on thrust vector control (TVC) nozzle for solid propulsion satellite
Authors: Meng Zhongjie , Lu Junjie
Published: November 2022

With the development of on-orbit missions, solid propulsion technology is applied to the rapid orbital maneuver of satellites. During solid propulsion maneuver, the position change of the mass center caused by the fuel consumption and the installation error of thruster have brought serious attitude disturbances. For this problem, a novel prescribed time attitude control method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a dynamics model of the solid propulsion micro-satellite is established, while the thrust direction is adjusted by the thrust vector control (TVC) nozzle. Then, a constraint boundary function is constructed to characterize the strict fixation of the thruster operating time and an adaptive fuzzy observer is developed to quickly estimate the lumped model uncertainties. Using the backstepping method, a novel prescribed time attitude control strategy regardless of initial conditions is designed. Simulation results show that the designed controller can achieve the prescribed time convergence of satellite attitude during solid propulsion orbital maneuver, effectively.
The effects of Trichoderma atroviride pretreatment on the biogas production from anaerobic digestion of water hyacinth
Authors: Ilo Obianuju Patience , Nkomo S’phumelele Lucky , Mkhize Ntandoyenkosi Malusi , Mutanga Onisimo , Simatele Mulala Danny
Published: November 2022

Water hyacinth is an invasive alien plant with several impacts on the environment, economy and society. The plant’s high degree of proliferation makes its mitigation difficult and sometimes complex. However, existing evidence suggests that water hyacinth is a sustainable substrate for biogas production. Using the pretreatment processes for the optimisation conditions for biogas production from water hyacinth, this study analysed the effects of moisture content (60%, 70% and 75%) on Trichoderma atroviride pretreatment of water hyacinth and the impact of the pretreatment on biogas production. Anaerobic digestion of the water hyacinth process was performed at 35°C for 35 days. The modified Gompertz model was used to analyse and predict the appropriate kinetic variables of the digestion process. Biogas yields from untreated, pretreated-60%, pretreated-70% and pretreated-75% were optimal at 135, 210, 217 and 223.4 mL/g of volatile solids (VS). These results suggest the pretreatment of water hyacinth enhanced the degradability of water hyacinth by breaking down the cell wall structure and facilitating its use by microorganisms. Furthermore, the results also confirmed that the higher the moisture content, the easier the biodegradation rate and, consequently, the higher the biogas yield. The model predicted maximum methane production potential ranging from 91.84 to 201 mL/g VS, and the maximum methane yield rate was within 10.12–15.12 mL/day. The lag phase varied between 2.46 and 6.94 days. The percentage error between experimental and model outcomes for untreated, pretreated-60%, pretreated-70% and pretreated-75% are 17.96%, 16.67%, 14.20% and 4.68%, respectively, while the coefficients of determination of the model varied between 0.905 and 0.975, demonstrating significant reliability on attained factors.
From Maltreatment to Psychiatric Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence: The Relevance of Emotional Maltreatment
Authors: Schlensog-Schuster Franziska , Keil Jan , Von Klitzing Kai , Gniewosz Gabriela , Schulz Charlotte C. , Schlesier-Michel Andrea , Mayer Steffi , Stadelmann Stephanie , Döhnert Mirko , Klein Annette M. , Sierau Susan , Manly Jody T. , Sheridan Margaret A. , White Lars O.
Published: November 2022

Different forms of maltreatment are thought to incur a cumulative and non-specific toll on mental health. However, few large-scale studies draw on psychiatric diagnoses manifesting in early childhood and adolescence to identify sequelae of differential maltreatment exposures, and emotional maltreatment, in particular. Fine-grained multi-source dimensional maltreatment assessments and validated age-appropriate clinical interviews were conducted in a sample of N = 778 3 to 16-year-olds. We aimed to (a) substantiate known patterns of clinical outcomes following maltreatment and (b) analyse relative effects of emotional maltreatment, abuse (physical and sexual), and neglect (physical, supervisory, and moral-legal/educational) using structural equation modeling. Besides confirming known relationships between maltreatment exposures and psychiatric disorders, emotional maltreatment exerted particularly strong effects on internalizing disorders in older youth and externalizing disorders in younger children, accounting for variance over and above abuse and neglect exposures. Our data highlight the toxicity of pathogenic relational experiences from early childhood onwards, urging researchers and practitioners alike to prioritize future work on emotional maltreatment.
In-cylinder pressure smart sampling for efficient data management
Authors: Pla Benjamín , De la Morena Joaquín , Bares Pau , Jimenez Irina
Published: November 2022

The present paper proposes an optimized algorithm for minimizing the amount of data processed in order to maintain all critical information from the in-cylinder pressure sensor but with minimum computational cost. The algorithm uses singular value decomposition (SVD) for reducing the number of samples and pivoting QR decomposition to identify the optimal sampling locations.

Experimental data from four engines with different combustion modes, namely Spark ignition (SI), Compression ignition (CI), turbulent jet ignition (TJI), and dual fuel ignition (DFCI), was used to validate the algorithm. The impact of the different sampling methodologies on different metrics for engine performance has been addressed and studied showing negligible information loss when reducing to 25 samples per cycle the acquisition buffer size.
Divestment as investment: “Kondo-ing” selves in the context of overaccumulation
Authors: Lucy Meghann
Published: November 2022

The accumulation, display, and use of objects have long been recognized as a means through which individuals construct social position and the self. Consumption can thus be thought of as investment, with seemingly infinite payoff as more status items are consumed. However, in the context of overaccumulation, privileged individuals with “cluttered” homes are disposing of their still-valuable possessions. This article uses narrative and content analyses of a critical case, Tidying Up with Marie Kondo, a Netflix program designed to help families with cluttered homes sort through their things, to explore the meanings associated with accumulating “too much”: namely, uncontrolled, unactualized selves; class transgression; and failed gender and parental roles. Discarding items, regardless of their value, reduces the clutter, which eliminates the problems symbolized by having too much. Thus, divestment is framed as a means through which individuals can invest in the self, particularly in class position, gender and parental roles, and agency.
Artificial Intelligence in the Era of Precision Oncological Imaging
Authors: Cellina Michaela , Cè Maurizio , Khenkina Natallia , Sinichich Polina , Cervelli Marco , Poggi Vittoria , Boemi Sara , Ierardi Anna Maria , Carrafiello Gianpaolo
Published: November 2022

Rapid-paced development and adaptability of artificial intelligence algorithms have secured their almost ubiquitous presence in the field of oncological imaging. Artificial intelligence models have been created for a variety of tasks, including risk stratification, automated detection and segmentation of lesions, characterization, grading and staging, prediction of prognosis, and treatment response. Soon, artificial intelligence could become an essential part of every step of oncological workup and patient management. Integration of neural networks and deep learning into radiological artificial intelligence algorithms allow for extrapolating imaging features otherwise inaccessible to human operators and pave the way to truly personalized management of oncological patients.

Although a significant proportion of currently available artificial intelligence solutions belong to basic and translational cancer imaging research, their progressive transfer to clinical routine is imminent, contributing to the development of a personalized approach in oncology. We thereby review the main applications of artificial intelligence in oncological imaging, describe the example of their successful integration into research and clinical practice, and highlight the challenges and future perspectives that will shape the field of oncological radiology.
Multimodal Assessment of Smoking cue Reactivity During a Smoking Cue Exposure Task
Authors: Kroczek A.M. , Schröder B. , Rosenbaum D. , Mühleck A. , Diemer J. , Mühlberger A. , Fallgatter A. J. , Batra A. , Ehlis A.-C.
Published: November 2022

Background. Cue-reactivity as a characteristic symptom of substance use disorders (SUD) is highly context dependent. Paradigms with high context validity need to be established for the investigation of underlying neurobiological mechanisms. While craving can be assessed by self-report as one aspect of cue-reactivity (CR), the assessment of biological measures such as the autonomous response and EEG promises a holistic perspective including CR at an automatized level. In a multimodal approach, smoking cue exposure (CE) effects on heart rate variability (HRV), EEG frequency power, and craving as well as their interrelation were assessed. This pilot study focused on the validity of CR measurements in a naturalistic CE paradigm. Methods. EEG frequency power, HRV, and craving were assessed during resting state (RS) and smoking CE in smokers (n = 14) and nonsmoking controls (n = 10) to investigate the psychophysiological and subjective reactions to CE. Results. Increased beta power was found only in smokers during CE compared to the control condition. There was an inverse correlation of beta power and maximum craving. Likewise, HRV correlated negatively with maximum smoking urges in smokers immediately after the measurements, without differentiation between CE and control condition. Conclusion. The increased beta power in smokers during CE is discussed as increased inhibitory control related to reduced craving in smokers. Furthermore, increased craving during CE seems to be associated to decreased vagal activity. The multimodal measurements during the CE showed ecological validity to be fundamental for CE assessment in clinical populations to evaluate its predictive value.
The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the copper plated nonwoven fabric and its’ related comfort properties
Authors: Wang Dan , Hu Shi , Kremenakova Dana , Militky Jiri
Published: November 2022

With the rapid development of modern science and technology, a kind of invisible pollution named electromagnetic radiation has increasingly attracted the attention of all sectors of society. Therefore, electromagnetic shielding protective clothing is widely used by people for daily life and work. More and more scholars and researchers are paying attention to this research direction, and they have done a series of related research on how to improve the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of clothing materials. At the same time, the related comfort properties of these clothing materials should also be concerned because they will greatly affect the wearer’s experience. This study evaluated the related comfort properties of a kind of copper-plated nonwoven materials with different electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, including air permeability, water vapor permeability, and thermal resistance. The result shows that electromagnetic shielding effectiveness is positively related to the amount of plated copper based on this kind of copper plating method. Other experiment results display that air permeability and water vapor permeability of this kind of material are negatively related to its electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. On the contrary, their thermal resistance is positively related to their electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. In addition to the above, it also found that air permeability and water vapor permeability have a positive correlation with optical porosity, and thermal resistance has a positive correlation with volume porosity.
Fitness analysis of experimental results and finite element simulation results about bullet velocity based on ABAQUS simulation for impact of three dimensional woven reinforced composite
Authors: Qian Fei , Zhao Lei , Wei Li , Zhang Shengzhong , Yao Guixiang , Liu Yuankun
Published: November 2022

Four layers of glass fiber filaments with the fineness of 2400 tex were used as warp yarns, five layers of glass filaments with the fineness of 600 tex were used as weft yarns 110 tex and aramid fibers were used as Z yarns to process a three-dimensional woven reinforcement. Then, 307-3 unsaturated polyester resin was used as the matrix, and the three-dimensional woven reinforced composite was prepared by the VARTM method (resin transfer molding method). The bullet impact composite was modeled by ABAQUS (Finite element software). The starting conditions of the bullet incidence and the actual conditions were set consistently to analyze the change of the remaining velocity and acceleration of the bullet and the worth energy loss after the bullet impact. The results showed that the theoretical and experimental values of bullet incidence velocity and residual bullet velocity were linearly related. When the impact velocity of bullet incidence was higher, the slope of the straight line of the initial phase of bullet velocity decrease was larger, and the peak of the absolute value of acceleration after bullet impact was larger. The calculated value of energy loss after bullet impact simulation is basically consistent with the experimental value, This also fully proved that the bullet impact composite material model established was correct and effective.
Management of choking
Authors: Ahmad Awais
Published: November 2022

Choking is the result of a sudden obstruction, partial or complete, of the airway due to a foreign body stuck in any portion of the airway. There are numerous causes of choking, including food, tablets or toy parts, to name but a few. It can be traumatising for the suffering patient and anyone witnessing the event. As GPs, we undergo mandatory basic life support training to help in recognition of the acute respiratory symptoms associated with choking and to aid more expert management of choking. This article is intended to be used only in conjunction with learning from mandatory basic life support training and action taken should follow the latest Resuscitation Council UK guidance, sequential basic life support and algorithms.
Overestimating or underestimating communication findings? Comparing self-reported with log mobile data by data donation method
Authors: Wu-Ouyang Biying , Chan Michael
Published: November 2022

Mobile phone usage is typically measured via self-reporting. However, scholars have questioned the validity of self-reported data, which may lead to Type I or Type II errors. Using an online survey ( n = 777), this study compared self-reported and log mobile phone usage data using a simplified version of the mobile data donation method. The results showed that people generally underreported their mobile phone usage in terms of time duration, the number of notifications, and apps used. Moreover, self-reported data may either have no additional effect on or overestimate the communication findings depending on the outcome variables. This challenges the Type II error explanation and suggests that the effect sizes of self-reported data might not be underestimated after all. Instead, past research examining mobile use and pertinent outcomes may have false-positive findings and Type I errors. Given the potential inaccuracies of self-reported data, future research on mobile media and communications should go beyond self-reported data to enhance the validity of findings.
Book review: Akhil Ranjan Dutta, Hindutva Regime in Assam: Saffron in the Rainbow and Nani Gopal Mahanta, Citizenship Debate over NRC & CAA: Assam and the Politics of History
Authors: Sengupta Papia
Published: November 2022

Akhil Ranjan Dutta, Hindutva Regime in Assam: Saffron in the Rainbow. SAGE Publications. 2021. 329 pages. ₹1295. ISBN: 9789391370411.

Nani Gopal Mahanta, Citizenship Debate over NRC & CAA: Assam and the Politics of History. SAGE Publications. 2021. 326 pages. ₹1395. ISBN: 9789391370299.
Changes in the Number of Public Health Nurses Employed in Local Governments in Japan During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Taira Kazuya , Hosokawa Rikuya , Shiomi Misa
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Prefectural public health centers in Japan conducted epidemiological surveys of all COVID-19 patients, which subsequently increased their workload as the infection rate increased. The survey was conducted by public health nurses (PHNs); therefore, an increase in their workload was expected. However, changes in the number of PHNs have not yet been examined. This study focused on recruiting PHNs to local governments in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

This cross-sectional study of 150 local government public health centers was conducted from November to December 2021. The survey items included the number of full-time and part-time PHNs, number of PHNs who resigned or retired from the job, and number of PHNs recruitment examinations conducted between 2017 and 2021. For all variables, the mean, standard deviation, and minimum and maximum values for each municipality and year were calculated, and a one-way analysis of variance was performed.

Conclusion

The response rate of the questionnaires was 54.0% (81/150). The change in the employment status of PHNs from 2019 to 2020 was not statistically significant in 2020, which was the COVID-19 outbreak year. However, the number of full-time PHNs increased by 2.6, while part-time PHNs almost doubled from 5.2 ± 8.3 to 10.8 ± 9.6 ( p = .61) for prefectures, from 13.6 ± 13.1 to 21.5 ± 34.8 ( p = .23) for cities, and from 16.8 ± 26.8 to 52.3 ± 132.5 ( p = .70) for wards. The survey revealed that since the COVID-19 pandemic, the ratio of part-time to full-time PHNs significantly increased. Current status reports of public health centers will encourage political decisions and research on the factors necessary to balance the supply and demand of full-time PHNs.
Thermal evolution of a Variscan syn-orogenic intracontinental basin (Servoz basin, Western Alps): RSCM geothermometry and geochronology
Authors: Vanardois Jonas , Lahfid Abdeltif , Trap Pierre , Lacroix Brice , Roger Françoise , Guillou-Frottier Laurent , Marquer Didier , Paquette Jean-Louis , Melleton Jérémie
Published: November 2022

The Variscan basement of the Aiguilles-Rouges massif (Western Alps) exposes the Servoz syncline which consists of a metavolcano-sedimentary sequence composed of (i) a volcanic unit of unknown age and origin, (ii) Early Carboniferous sedimentary series affected by the Variscan orogeny and intruded by the Montées-Pélissier pluton, and (iii) a Late Carboniferous late-orogenic sedimentary sequence. We combined field investigations, Raman Spectroscopy on Carbonaceous Material geothermometry, and LA-ICPMS U-Th-Pb geochronology on zircon in order to reappraise the sedimentary sequence of the Servoz syncline. Our results allow us to identify three distinct sedimentary formations (F1, F2 and F3). The F1 formation is composed of metagreywackes, bimodal volcanic and magmatic rocks formed during basin opening at an early rifting stage (370–350 Ma) within a back-arc geodynamic setting. This extensional regime was responsible for a high thermal event recorded by a ca. 115 °C/km apparent geothermal gradient. Local anatexis of the basement rocks under the basin is dated at 351 ± 5 Ma. Basin inversion occurred between 350 and 330 Ma in response to oblique collision, with the development of large-scale dextral shear zones and syn-kinematic 340–330 Ma granite intrusions. Subsequent dextral transtension was responsible for the opening of a pull-apart basin between ca. 330 and 310 Ma with the deposition of the F2 phyllite formation that was later deformed by the ongoing dextral transcurrent Variscan tectonics at temperatures between 200 and 350 °C. Finally, the F3 terrigenous sedimentary rocks deposited at ca. 310–290 Ma in a late-orogenic extensional basin. The Alpine-related tectonic event overprinted all the temperatures below 350 °C. Although similar basins have been recognized in other External Crystalline Massifs of the Alps, the Servoz syncline is the first example that allows a major part of the polyphase tectonic evolution, since the early stages of the Devonian, to be recognized. Comparison with similar back-arc basins from the French Central massif, the Vosges massif and the Bohemian massif suggests that the External Crystalline Massifs initially belonged to the Moldanubian hinterlands of the Variscan belt.
Design of Passive Constant-Force End-Effector for Robotic Polishing of Optical Reflective Mirrors
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhao Liangxiao , Li Lingling , Ma Fulei , Chen Guimin
Published: November 2022

Polishing plays an indispensable role in optical processing, especially for large-aperture optical reflective mirrors with freeform surfaces. Robotic polishing requires effective control of the contact force between the robot and the mirror during processing. In order to maintain a constant contact force during polishing, traditional polishing robots rely on closed-loop control of air cylinders, whose performances heavily rely on high-fidelity force sensing and real-time control. This paper proposes to employ a compliant constant-force mechanism in the end-effector of a polishing robot to passively maintain a constant force between the robot and the mirror, thus eliminating the requirement for force sensing and closed-loop control. The compliant constant force mechanism utilizing the second bending mode of fixed-guided compliant beams is adopted and elaborated for the passive end-effector. An end-effector providing a constant contact force of 40 N is designed and prototyped. The polishing experiment shows that the passive constant-force end-effector provides stable contact force between the robot and the mirror with fluctuation within 3.43 N, and achieves RMS (Root Mean Square) lower than λ/10 (λ = 632.8 nm) of the polished surface of the large-aperture optical reflective mirror. It is concluded that the constant-force compliant mechanism provides a low-cost and reliable solution for force control in robotic polishing.
A rare mutation (p.F149del) of the NT5C3A gene is associated with pyrimidine 5′-nucleotidase deficiency
Authors: Bogusławska Dżamila M. , Skulski Michał , Bartoszewski Rafał , Machnicka Beata , Heger Elżbieta , Kuliczkowski Kazimierz , Sikorski Aleksander F.
Published: November 2022

Pyrimidine 5′-nucleotidase deficiency is a rare erythrocyte enzymopathy. Here we report two cases of hemolytic anemia in brothers of Polish origin that are associated with a very rare mutation. Heterozygous deletion in the NT5C3A gene (c.444_446delGTT), inherited most likely from their asymptomatic mother, resulted in a single amino acid residue deletion (p.F149del) in cytosolic pyrimidine 5′-nucleotidase. However, only the mutated transcript was present in the reticulocyte transcriptome of both patients. Only residual activity of pyrimidine 5′-nucleotidase in the brothers’ erythrocytes could be observed when compared with the controls, including their asymptomatic father and sister. Western blot showed no sign of the presence of 5′-nucleotidase protein in the erythrocytes of both studied patients. The 2.5-fold reduction of the purine/pyrimidine ratio observed only in the brothers’ erythrocytes confirms the correlation of the results of molecular analysis, including whole-exome sequencing, with the phenotype of the pyrimidine 5′-nucleotidase deficiency. Altogether, our results may substantiate the hypothesis of the heterogeneity of the molecular basis of the defect involving both the mutation presented here and negative regulation of expression of the “normal” allele.
A randomized, controlled trial of ZYN002 cannabidiol transdermal gel in children and adolescents with fragile X syndrome (CONNECT-FX)
Authors: Berry-Kravis Elizabeth , Hagerman Randi , Budimirovic Dejan , Erickson Craig , Heussler Helen , Tartaglia Nicole , Cohen Jonathan , Tassone Flora , Dobbins Thomas , Merikle Elizabeth , Sebree Terri , Tich Nancy , Palumbo Joseph M. , O’Quinn Stephen
Published: November 2022

Background

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is associated with dysregulated endocannabinoid signaling and may therefore respond to cannabidiol therapy.

Design

CONNECT-FX was a double-blind, randomized phase 3 trial assessing efficacy and safety of ZYN002, transdermal cannabidiol gel, for the treatment of behavioral symptoms in children and adolescents with FXS.

Methods

Patients were randomized to 12 weeks of ZYN002 (250 mg or 500 mg daily [weight-based]) or placebo, as add-on to standard of care. The primary endpoint assessed change in social avoidance (SA) measured by the Aberrant Behavior Checklist–Community Edition FXS (ABC-CFXS) SA subscale in a full cohort of patients with a FXS full mutation, regardless of the FMR1 methylation status. Ad hoc analyses assessed efficacy in patients with ≥ 90% and 100% methylation of the promoter region of the FMR1 gene, in whom FMR1 gene silencing is most likely.

Results

A total of 212 patients, mean age 9.7 years, 75% males, were enrolled. A total of 169 (79.7%) patients presented with ≥ 90% methylation of the FMR1 promoter and full mutation of FMR1. Although statistical significance for the primary endpoint was not achieved in the full cohort, significant improvement was demonstrated in patients with ≥ 90% methylation of FMR1 (nominal P = 0.020). This group also achieved statistically significant improvements in Caregiver Global Impression‐Change in SA and isolation, irritable and disruptive behaviors, and social interactions (nominal P-values: P = 0.038, P = 0.028, and P = 0.002). Similar results were seen in patients with 100% methylation of FMR1. ZYN002 was safe and well tolerated. All treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were mild or moderate. The most common treatment-related TEAE was application site pain (ZYN002: 6.4%; placebo: 1.0%).

Conclusions

In CONNECT-FX, ZYN002 was well tolerated in patients with FXS and demonstrated evidence of efficacy with a favorable benefit risk relationship in patients with ≥ 90% methylation of the FMR1 gene, in whom gene silencing is most likely, and the impact of FXS is typically most severe.

Trial registration

The CONNECT-FX trial is registered on Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03614663).
A graph neural network framework for mapping histological topology in oral mucosal tissue
Authors: Nair Aravind , Arvidsson Helena , Gatica V. Jorge E. , Tudzarovski Nikolce , Meinke Karl , Sugars Rachael. V
Published: November 2022

Background

Histological feature representation is advantageous for computer aided diagnosis (CAD) and disease classification when using predictive techniques based on machine learning. Explicit feature representations in computer tissue models can assist explainability of machine learning predictions. Different approaches to feature representation within digital tissue images have been proposed. Cell-graphs have been demonstrated to provide precise and general constructs that can model both low- and high-level features. The basement membrane is high-level tissue architecture, and interactions across the basement membrane are involved in multiple disease processes. Thus, the basement membrane is an important histological feature to study from a cell-graph and machine learning perspective.

Results

We present a two stage machine learning pipeline for generating a cell-graph from a digital H &E stained tissue image. Using a combination of convolutional neural networks for visual analysis and graph neural networks exploiting node and edge labels for topological analysis, the pipeline is shown to predict both low- and high-level histological features in oral mucosal tissue with good accuracy.

Conclusions

Convolutional and graph neural networks are complementary technologies for learning, representing and predicting local and global histological features employing node and edge labels. Their combination is potentially widely applicable in histopathology image analysis and can enhance explainability in CAD tools for disease prediction.
What do we want to get out of this? a critical interpretive synthesis of the value of process evaluations, with a practical planning framework
Authors: French Caroline , Dowrick Anna , Fudge Nina , Pinnock Hilary , Taylor Stephanie J. C.
Published: November 2022

Background

Process evaluations aim to understand how complex interventions bring about outcomes by examining intervention mechanisms, implementation, and context. While much attention has been paid to the methodology of process evaluations in health research, the value of process evaluations has received less critical attention. We aimed to unpack how value is conceptualised in process evaluations by identifying and critically analysing 1) how process evaluations may create value and 2) what kind of value they may create.

Methods

We systematically searched for and identified published literature on process evaluation, including guidance, opinion pieces, primary research, reviews, and discussion of methodological and practical issues.We conducted a critical interpretive synthesis and developed a practical planning framework.

Results

We identified and included 147 literature items. From these we determined three ways in which process evaluations may create value or negative consequences: 1) through the socio-technical processes of ‘doing’ the process evaluation, 2) through the features/qualities of process evaluation knowledge, and 3) through using process evaluation knowledge. We identified 15 value themes. We also found that value varies according to the characteristics of individual process evaluations, and is subjective and context dependent.

Conclusion

The concept of value in process evaluations is complex and multi-faceted. Stakeholders in different contexts may have very different expectations of process evaluations and the value that can and should be obtained from them. We propose a planning framework to support an open and transparent process to plan and create value from process evaluations and negotiate trade-offs. This will support the development of joint solutions and, ultimately, generate more value from process evaluations to all.
Virtual family physician care during COVID-19: a mixed methods study using health administrative data and qualitative interviews
Authors: Ryan Bridget L. , Brown Judith Belle , Freeman Thomas R. , Richard Lucie , Stewart Moira , Meredith Leslie , Choi Yun-Hee , He Jennifer Wei , Cejic Sonny , Thompson Keith , Reichert Sonja , Shariff Salimah Z. , Booth Richard , Terry Amanda L. , Mathews Maria
Published: November 2022

Background

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a rapid shift in primary health care from predominantly in-person to high volumes of virtual care. The pandemic afforded the opportunity to conduct a deep regional examination of virtual care by family physicians in London and Middlesex County, Ontario, Canada that would inform the foundation for virtual care in our region post-pandemic. Objectives: (1) to determine volumes of in-person and virtual family physicians visits and characteristics of the family physicians and patients using them during the early COVID-19 pandemic; (2) to determine how virtual visit volumes changed over the pandemic, compared to in-person; and (3) to explore family physicians’ experience in virtual visit adoption and implementation.

Methods

We conducted a concurrent mixed-methods study of family physicians from March to October 2020. The quantitative component examined mean weekly number of total, in-person and virtual visits using health administrative data. Differences in outcomes according to physician and practice characteristics for pandemic periods were compared to pre-pandemic. The qualitative study employed Constructivist Grounded Theory, conducting semi-structured family physicians interviews; analyzing data iteratively using constant comparative analysis. We mapped themes from the qualitative analysis to quantitative findings.

Results

Initial volumes of patients decreased, driven by fewer in-person visits. Virtual visit volumes increased dramatically; family physicians described using telephone almost entirely. Rural family physicians reported video connectivity issues. By early second wave, total family physician visit volume returned to pre-pandemic volumes. In-person visits increased substantially; family physicians reported this happened because previously scarce personal protective equipment became available. Patients seen during the pandemic were older, sicker, and more materially deprived.

Conclusion

These results can inform the future of virtual family physician care including the importance of continued virtual care compensation, the need for equitable family physician payment models, and the need to attend to equity for vulnerable patients. Given the move to virtual care was primarily a move to telephone care, the modality of care delivery that is acceptable to both family physicians and their patients must be considered.