bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The genetic-selection improvement of approaches to the study of the fruit cultures adaptation to the stresses of the spring and summer period
Authors: Kuznetsova Anna , Dragavtseva Irina , Shcheglov Sergey , Drygina Anna , Nikolenko Vera
Published: October 2020

The happening global and local fluctuations of climate caused the changes in manifestation of the temperature stresses in the plants in terms of their strength and time of occurrence in vegetation period. The most regions of the south of Russia (especially in the plain territories) experienced warming of climate, and the temperature stresses began to appear more frequently in spring and in summer. With an aim to analyze the direction of change in temperature regime the structure and spectrums of variability in the mean-diurnal fluctuations of the maximum and minimum temperatures of air were studied for a long period (1950-2019) in the Kuban river horticulture zone of Krasnodar Territory. The defense and adaptive reactions of the sweet cherry varieties (in their drought resistance) to the change in external environment limits were brought to light. The yielding capacity of the genotypes of plants was studied from position of their response to the temperature stresses. The obtained results permitted to identify the varieties of sweet cherry, resistant to the stresses of the spring and summer period, when they are grown in conditions of the higher temperatures and considerable moisture deficit. The results of work will be helpful in control of the sweet cherry varieties productivity on the basis of knowledge on manifestation of the varieties’ genetic peculiarities in their phenotype in the new climatic conditions.
Assessment of genetic resources of representatives of the genus Prunus L. in the conditions of the Crimea
Authors: Gorina Valentina , Korzin Vadim , Saplev Nikita , Melkozerova Ekaterina
Published: October 2020

The aim of the work is a comprehensive assessment of the genetic resources of apricot in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, determination of the main directions of breeding and the selection of appreciable genotypes for further most effective breeding use for creating competitive varieties, and their introduction into production. Based on the conducted studies, it was revealed that the main directions of apricot breeding at the modern level is to determine the possibility of effective targeted selection of parental pairs for creating varieties with high commercial qualities of fruits, high-yielding, resistant to abiotic and biotic stress factors, adapted to intensive cultivation technologies. It has been determined that the Zard variety, up to the second generation, transmits to its offspring late flowering and small fruiting size. The most promising apricot genotypes for cultivation in areas with unstable weather conditions in Southern Russia have been identified: Boyarin, Yaltinec, 84-951, 89-653, 99-396, 8316, 10841, 84-941, they are characterized by large or medium-sized fruits, good taste (tasting score 4.1-4.7 points, on a 5-point scale) and attractive appearance, late or mid-late flowering of plants. For breeding for late flowering is of interest: Zapozdalyj, Ozornik, 84-383, 84-895, 8319, 84-875; weak susceptibility to fungal pathogens: clasterosporium and moniliosis 84-919, 84-880, 84-383, 84-915, 84-875, 84-909, 84-803, 84-769, 84-803, 89-545, 10841; drought resistance: Krokus, Yaltinec, 87-2, 84-651, 84-942, 84-988, 84-639, 89-359, 89-526, 89-166 и 89-169. Against the background of dry growing seasons, the yield of the selected breeding forms was at the level of the control variety and higher (2.6-3.9 points).
Particular qualities of wine grape varieties for high-quality varietal wine-making in conditions of the Krasnodar region
Authors: Sheludko Olga , Chemisova Larisa , Yakuba Yuri , Mitrofanova Yekaterina , Shirshova Anastasia
Published: October 2020

Modern development of the Russian viticultural and winemaking industry is aimed at the production of competitive varietal premium wines. It is premised on acceleration of the breeding process of domestic wine grape varieties with the preset course of processing. The purpose of this workск was to study the ratio between the most important quality components of the wines made from two classical and eight promising grape varieties domestic breeding (by Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “North Caucasian Federal Scientific Centre of Horticulture, Viticulture and Winemaking”, hereafter - Institute) to determine the unique varietal particular qualities. The experiment was performed in 2013–2018. The grapes were picked from two plots located in the Central zone and in the Taman subzone, Krasnodar region. The red varietal wines were made according to the same technology and observing the same processing modes. The analytical research was performed repeatedly with qualification assessment of the results. Two-way-ANOVA was used to identify the impact factors upon the wine components. As a result, the following appreciable grape varieties of the Institute’s breeding were isolated, which demonstrated high accumulation of phenolic substances (over 3,000 mg/l) and anthocyanins (700–1100 mg/l) in wine: Vladimir, Granatovy, Kurchansky, Dmitri; the grape varieties with high accumulation of trans-resveratrol in wine: Vladimir (4.7 mg/l), Dmitri (4.7 mg/l), and Kurchansky (3.0 mg/l); the grape varieties for which wine the mass concentration of malic acid was by 2 to 2.5 times higher than the content of tartaric acid: Vladimir and Dmitri. It was shown that Antaris variety has low ecological plasticity and wine of this variety could be differ qualitatively depending upon edaphoclimatic conditions of the subzone.
Use of physiological and biochemical indicators to identify apple varieties resistant to drought
Authors: Kiseleva Galina , Nenko Natalia , Karavaeva Alla , Shalyakho Tatiana
Published: October 2020

As a result of global climate change in the arid regions of the world, a decrease in the adaptability of fruit crops to drought has been noted. This explains the interest of researchers in the issues of increasing the drought resistance of fruit crops in various ways, one of which is the creation of resistant varieties as a result of selection. The use of physiological and biochemical parameters in the breeding process as diagnostic criteria for drought resistance and the identification of highly adaptive varieties of fruit crops is relevant all over the world. The objects of study are apple varieties of various ecological and geographical origins: Idared, Erli Mac, Dayton (USA), Prikubanskoe, Rassvet, Fortuna (Russia). Physiological parameters: the relative water content, the total content of chlorophylls (a + b), carotenoids, ascorbic acid in the leaves of the studied apple varieties were determined during periods before drought and during drought. Differences in the response of varieties to the impact of drought were revealed. It was found that apple varieties of local selection Prikubanskoye, Fortuna and American variety Idared have a greater ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions in comparison with other studied varieties. The revealed adaptive features during drought (retention of a high relative water content, stability of the pigment system, a low ratio of the total chlorophyll to carotenoids, an increased content of ascorbic acid) make it possible to use them in breeding as donors of drought resistance traits. The data of physiological and biochemical studies, obtained in the unique natural and climatic conditions of the North Caucasus region of Russia, complement fundamental research on the physiological foundations of apple tree adaptation to drought.
Allelic polymorphism of apple varieties of national selection by genes for scab resistance
Authors: Lyzhin Alexander , Savelyeva Natalya
Published: October 2020

The results of the analysis of allelic polymorphism of apple varieties of national selection for R genes of scab resistance are shown. The Rvi6 gene was not identified in the studied forms (putative rvi6rvi6 genotype). The Rvi4 gene was identified in the varieties Grushovka Moskovskaya and Titovka. Genes Rvi2 (Rvi8) - in varieties Pouring yellow, Antonovka kamenichka, Antonovka ordinary, Scarlet anis, Arkad red, Cinnamon striped, Grushovka Moskovskaya, Titovka, Mironchik, Suislepskoe.
Screening of apple genotypes with the columnar growth habit using control markers
Authors: Saveleva Natalia , Lyzhin Alexander , Yushkov Andrey , Zemisov Alexander , Borzykh Nadezhda
Published: October 2020

One of the approaches to intensify horticulture is to introduce cultivars with an unusual canopy into commercial production. Such plants can be columnar Apple trees. In modern breeding, there is a trend to create cultivars with a compact canopy. In such orchards, it is reduced to a minimum the cost for pruning, harvesting, and protection against pest and disease, which are the main expenses in apple orchards with a traditional canopy. The use of molecular markers linked to columnar growth habit allows us to identify a physiological sign at an early stage of growth: in the juvenile period. The assessment of apple cultivars and hybrids was carried out at the I. V. Michurin Federal Scientific Centre in 2015-2018. Four markers were used in the research: Mdo. chr 10.12, C18470-25831, 29f1, and jwlr to identify plants with the columnar growth habit gene (Co). The use of various DNA markers made it possible to establish that not all of them are well linked to the Co gene. In the research process, primers were identified for markers 29f1 and jwlr, which reliably allowed us to identify plants with columnar growth habit at the juvenile stage, which will significantly reduce the breeding process.
Dynamics of the growth processes of Prunus armeniaca L. seedlings in the conditions of Inner Mountain Dagestan
Authors: Osmanov Ruslan M. , Anatov Dzhalaludin M.
Published: October 2020

The paper presents the results of assessing the dynamics of growth processes 364 seedlings of 16 apricot samples under conditions of a critical altitude level for them in Dagestan (1900 m). A comparative study of apricot samples showed that during the growing season, annual seedlings form a small height of the main shoot (18.7–28.7 cm), subramose (0.4–2.7) and leafiness (14.7–23.6). Analysis of the relative dynamics of shoot growth showed that the maximum growth was observed in May-June (62.8–95.7%) and low in July-September (1.0–24.5%). A reliable correlation was established between the relative growth of the studied samples and their winter hardiness, namely, the higher the relative increase in July-September, the lower the winter hardiness. The correlation in MayJune was -0.77**, and in July and September 0.62* and 0.64 **, respectively. The experiment showed the information content of studying the growth of shoot length as a diagnostic feature in assessing the winter hardiness of apricot seedlings in the mountainous conditions of Dagestan.
The role of biologic techniques in improving the life state of flowering shrubs
Authors: Dogadina Marina
Published: October 2020

The key to the normal growth and development of flowering shrubs is to provide optimal living conditions in the juvenile period. Obtaining high-quality planting material in a nursery using biologized techniques is a fundamental component of their future resistance to a complex of abiotic and biotic factors. The use of vermicompost (6 t / ha) as a fertilizer base and biologically active substances contributed to the production of high-quality seedlings. The applied biologic techniques contributed to the improvement of the growth and development of flowering shrubs, which influenced the reduction of damage by pests and diseases, the formation of healthy, decorative and attractive plants. Based on the analysis of the vital state, we ranked flowering shrubs according to their prospects for use in landscape design of the territory of urban ecosystems. Promising species for landscaping urban ecosystems in terms of a set of indicators are: Berberis thunbergii DC., Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.), Lonicera caprifolium L., Physocarpus opulifolius L., Philadelphus coronaries L., Sorbaria sorbifolia L., Syringa velutina L. и Weigela florida DC.
Micropropagation of Hardy Hibiscus (Hibiscus Moscheutos L.)
Authors: Lobodina Elena , Suprun Ivan , Al-Nakib Ekaterina , Avakimyan Anastasia , Tyschenko Evgeniya
Published: October 2020

Hardy hibiscus (Hibiscus x moscheutos L.) is gaining popularity as a landscape plant and the accelerated increase in the volume of planting material is of particular relevance. The work investigated the effect of the concentration of 6-BAP (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg / L) on the shoot formation of hibiscus of the following varieties: cv. Cranberry Crush, Fantasia, Fireball, Jazzberry Jam. It was revealed that the concentration of 6-BAP 0.5 mg / L is optimal for the proliferation of microshoots of Hibiscus x moscheutos L. With the increase in the concentration of 6-BAP, the number of formed microshoots decreases.
Root rot of anthracnose mother plants of garden strawberry: morphological and cultural characteristics of the pathogen and the search for effective fungicides
Authors: Kashchits Julia , Yakuba Galina
Published: October 2020

On the territory of the Krasnodar region, anthracnose root rot, the causative agentColletotrichum аcutatumSimmonds, is one of the most harmful diseases in the mother plants of garden strawberry. The death of affected plants ranges from 33 to 100 %. Purpose of the research was to study the morphological and cultural characteristics of the causative agent of anthracnose root rot in the mother plant of garden strawberries in the region and to assess the effectiveness of fungicides in controlling the pathogen. The studies were carried out at FGBNU SKFNTSSVV in 2018-2020 using generally accepted techniques. The object of the research is pure cultures ofC. acutatum. The morphological and cultural characteristics ofC. acutatumwere studied on three culture media. A high diversity of the identified morphotypes was shown in terms of the size of conidia and conidiophores, the shape and color of apressoria, and the method of formation of acervules. The influence of seven fungicides of various chemical classes on the development ofC. аcutatumspores has been assessed. Under in vitro conditions at the indicated concentrations, the preparations Luna Tranquility, SC (0,15 %), Sercadis Plus, SC (0,1 and 0,15 %), Strobi, WG (0,05 %), Horus, WG (0,04 %) and Skor, EC (0,04 and 0,05 %) completely prevented the formation of fungal spores.
Phytoplasma disease “Bois noir” in Crimea: diagnosis of the pathogen
Authors: Girsova Natalia , Aleinikova Natalia , Kastalyeva Tatyana , Radionovskaya Yana , Bogoutdinov Damir
Published: October 2020

In 2018-2019, grape leaf samples with symptoms of yellowing (reddening) and leaf rolling collected from grapevines of different regions of Crimea were tested for the presence of phytoplasma using the “nested”PCR with primer pairs P1/16S-Sr and R16F2n/R16R2. Phytoplasmas were detected in 91% grape samples of 2018 and 46% samples of 2019. Genotyping performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for three genes: ribosomal (16S rRNA), the tuf gene encoding the elongation factor EF-Tu, and the vmp1 gene encoding a membrane protein, showed that the phytoplasmas isolated from all samples were related to the species Candidatus Phytoplasma solani, type “b”. Polymorphism was observed only for the vmp1 gene. The electrophoretic profiles of grape phytoplasma of 2018 (‘Chardonnay’ variety) differed from those of grape phytoplasma of 2019 (‘Pinot Noir’ and ‘Verdelho’ varieties), as well as from the profiles published in well-known works, which indicates the genetic diversity.
The effect ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeon antioxidant system of grape leaves infected by downy mildew
Authors: Mishko Alisa , Lutsky Eugene
Published: October 2020

In this article, results of the comparative analysis and assessment of resistance of two grape cultivars Vostorg and Muscat blanc against downy mildew disease (Plasmopara viticola) with or without the symbioteSaccharomyces cerevisiae(vine yeast) were shown. The highly resistant cultivar Vostorg with yeast pre-treatment demonstrated a high defensive capability to the pathogen due to the fast immune response. On the first day after inoculation with downy downy mildew the rapid increase in the hydrogen peroxide, which is involved the first step of the grape’s defense system induction, was observed. At the same time, the upregulation of the relative expression of the PR2 protein (β-1,3-gluconase), a key gene involved in the plant’s resistance to pathogens. The oxidative burst was not detected in the susceptible cultivar Muscat blanc for the couple of hours after inoculation with downy mildew pathogen. The significant increase of the total phenols content and expression of stilbene synthase, which is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of phytoalexins, was observed in leaves of Muscat blanc. It was shown that pre-treatment of grape leaves with natural symbioteS. cerevisiaeenhanced the immune response of the resistant cultivar Vostorg and inducted phytoalexins synthesis in the susceptible cultivar Muscat blanc.
Control of the number of field slugs Deroceras agreste L. in the plantations of garden strawberry
Authors: Podgornaya Marina , Didenko Nadezhda , Vasilchenko Anfisa , Kashchits Julia , Mishchenko Irina
Published: October 2020

Slugs cause serious harm to nurseries and young plantations of fruit and berry crops in the Krasnodar region. On garden strawberries, the most common species is the field slug Deroceras agreste L., whose larvae damage ripe fruits and leaves, as well as contaminate them with their secretions and mucus, which leads to a decrease in the quality of seedlings and contributes to damage by secondary pests. In modern protection systems, the most commonly used pest control systems are molluscicides containing methaldehyde. The aim of our research was to assess the biological effectiveness of the molluscicides Sliznyakoff, G (60 g/kg methaldehyde) and Slizneed, G (60 g/kg methaldehyde) in controlling the abundance of field slugs in strawberry agrocenoses on the Clery variety. It was found that with an average number of phytophage larvae in the control variant (12.5-16.0 individuals / 10 m2), a single use of molluscicides causes 95.3 % mortality of D. agreste L. on the 7th day.
Chain-referral sampling on stochastic block models
Authors: Vo Thi Phuong Thuy
Published: October 2020

The discovery of the “hidden population”, whose size and membership are unknown, is made possible by assuming that its members are connected in a social network by their relationships. We explore these groups by a chain-referral sampling (CRS) method, where participants recommend the people they know. This leads to the study of a Markov chain on a random graph where vertices represent individuals and edges connecting any two nodes describe the relationships between corresponding people. We are interested in the study of CRS process on the stochastic block model (SBM), which extends the well-known Erdös-Rényi graphs to populations partitioned into communities. The SBM considered here is characterized by a number of verticesN, a number of communities (blocks)m, proportion of each communityπ= (π1, …,πm) and a pattern for connection between blocksP= (λkl∕N)(k,l)∈{1,…,m}2. In this paper, we give a precise description of the dynamic of CRS process in discrete time on an SBM. The difficulty lies in handling the heterogeneity of the graph. We prove that when the population’s size is large, the normalized stochastic process of the referral chain behaves like a deterministic curve which is the unique solution of a system of ODEs.
Comparison of Dual- and Single-Source Dual-Energy CT for Diagnosis of Acute Pulmonary Artery Embolism
Authors: Petritsch Bernhard , Pannenbecker Pauline , Weng Andreas Max , Veldhoen Simon , Grunz Jan-Peter , Bley Thorsten Alexander , Kosmala Aleksander
Published: October 2020

Purpose Comparison of dual-source dual-energy CT (DS-DECT) and split-filter dual-energy CT (SF-DECT) regarding image quality and radiation dose in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism.

Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed pulmonary dual-energy CT angiography (CTPA) scans performed on two different CT scanners in 135 patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). Scan parameters for DS-DECT were 90/Sn150 kV (n = 68 patients), and Au/Sn120 kV for SF-DECT (n = 67 patients). The iodine delivery rate was 1400 mg/s in the DS-DECT group vs. 1750 mg/s in the SF-DECT group. Color-coded iodine distribution maps were generated for both protocols. Objective (CT attenuation of pulmonary trunk [HU], signal-to-noise ratio [SNR], contrast-to-noise ratio [CNR]) and subjective image quality parameters (two readers [R], five-point Likert scale), as well as radiation dose parameters (effective radiation dose, size-specific dose estimations [SSDE]) were compared.

Results All CTPA scans in both groups were of diagnostic image quality. Subjective CTPA image quality was rated as good or excellent in 80.9 %/82.4 % (R1 / R2) of DS-DECT scans, and in 77.6 %/76.1 % of SF-DECT scans. For both readers, the image quality of split-filter iodine distribution maps was significantly lower (p < 0.05) with good or excellent ratings in only 43.3 %/46.3 % (R1 / R2) vs. 83.8 %/88.2 % for maps from DS-DECT. The HU values of the pulmonary trunk did not differ between the two techniques (p = n. s.), while both the SNR and CNR were significantly higher in the split-filter group (p < 0.001; p = 0.003). Both effective radiation dose (2.70 ± 1.32 mSv vs. 2.89 ± 0.94 mSv) and SSDE (4.71 ± 1.63 mGy vs. 5.84 ± 1.11 mGy) were significantly higher in the split-filter group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion The split-filter allows for dual-energy imaging of suspected pulmonary embolism but is associated with lower iodine distribution map quality and higher radiation dose.

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3T MRI of Peripheral Vascular Malformations: Characteristics and Comparison of Two Fat-Saturated sequences: Short Tau Inversion Recovery Versus Three-Dimensional High-Resolution Volume Interpolated Gradient Recalled Echo
Authors: Höhn Florentine , Hammer Simone , Fellner Claudia , Zeman Florian , Uller Wibke , Brill Richard , Guntau Moritz , Wildgruber Moritz , Wohlgemuth Walter A.
Published: October 2020

Purpose To assess morphological and hemodynamic characteristics of peripheral vascular malformations on 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including qualitative comparison of two fat-saturated sequences: short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and three-dimensional high-resolution volume interpolated gradient recalled echo (GRE).

Materials and Methods During 9 months, 100 patients with suspected or known vascular malformations were prospectively assessed on a 3 T scanner using T2-weighted STIR and turbo spin echo (TSE), T1-weighted TSE, time-resolved contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with interleaved stochastic trajectories (TWIST) and T1-weighted volume interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) after contrast enhancement. The analysis included signal behavior and morphologic and hemodynamic characteristics. Additionally, the image quality of the fat-saturated sequences was evaluated by 2 radiologists.

Results 86 patients (14 dropouts; 57 female, 29 male; mean age 26.8 years, age range 1–56) were analyzed. 22 had high-flow and 64 low-flow malformations, including 14 with a lymphatic component. In 21 of 22 patients with high-flow malformations, typical characteristics (flow voids, hyperdynamic arteriovenous fistula, dilated main/feeder-arteries and draining veins) were documented. Patients with low-flow malformations had phleboliths in 35 cases, fluid-fluid levels in 47 and dilated draining veins in 23. Lymphatic malformations showed peripheral contrast enhancement of cyst walls in the volume interpolated GRE. The comparison of fat-saturated sequences showed significantly better results of the volume interpolated GRE in all categories except the presence of artifacts which were significantly reduced in the STIR (p < 0.05).

Conclusion 3 T MRI with MRA provides detailed morphological and hemodynamic information of different types of peripheral vascular malformations. Contrast-enhanced high-resolution volume interpolated GRE proved superior to STIR in differentiating morphologic features and to be diagnostic in the differentiation of lymphatic parts and joint involvement.

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Endoscopic ischemic polypectomy for small-bowel polyps in patients with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome
Authors: Khurelbaatar Tsevelnorov , Sakamoto Hirotsugu , Yano Tomonori , Sagara Yuichi , Dashnyam Ulzii , Shinozaki Satoshi , Sunada Keijiro , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Yamamoto Hironori
Published: October 2020

Background To decrease the risk of bleeding or perforation, ischemic polypectomy is performed using a detachable snare or endoclip with double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) for small-bowel polyps in patients with Peutz – Jeghers syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness and feasibility of ischemic polypectomy.

Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent two or more sessions of ischemic polypectomy using DBE from July 2004 to August 2017.

Results 67 therapeutic DBEs were performed in nine patients during the study period and 352 polyps were treated. The median observation period was 34 months (range 12 – 66). There was a declining trend over time in the median number of polyps > 15 mm treated per patient first DBE session 6, second 2, third 1.5, fourth 0.5, fifth 0.5; P = 0.11, Friedman test). No patient required laparotomy due to intussusception during the study period. One patient developed mild acute pancreatitis after the procedure.

Conclusions Ischemic polypectomy was feasible for the control of small-bowel polyps in patients with Peutz – Jeghers syndrome.
Predictive Factors and Strategies to Prevent the Development of Type 2 Endoleaks following Endovascular Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Voutsinas Nicholas , Kim Edward , Lookstein Robert A.
Published: October 2020

Type 2 endoleaks are a potential complication of endovascular aortic repair for abdominal aortic aneurysms. They are caused by vessels that have been excluded from the aorta lumen, but may still fill the aneurysm sac due to collateral filling. Type 2 endoleaks may lead to increased morbidity and need for additional procedures. Being able to identify patients at risk for Type 2 endoleaks and prevent them is important for any physician who is performing endovascular aortic repair.
Endovascular Treatment of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Fairman Alexander S. , Wang Grace J.
Published: October 2020

Since its inception in the 1990s, endovascular aortic repair has quickly replaced traditional open aortic repair (OAR) as the most common method for elective treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). After numerous iterations and failures of different endografts, the technology has undergone dramatic improvements with evidence pointing to this technology serving as a safe and durable modality, albeit with the requirement of routine surveillance. Not surprisingly, the ability to treat patients with AAAs with minimally invasive technology that could theoretically mitigate some of the risks associated with OAR, such as aortic cross clamping and significant blood loss, was also adopted in patients with ruptured AAAs and is now the preferred treatment method if anatomically feasible.
Evaluating the Effect of Leg Position and Negative Pressure Wound Therapy on Lower Extremity Oxygenation Measured by Noninvasive Tissue Oximetry: A Pilot Study
Authors: Verret Claire Isabelle , Pollie Meridith , Kerluku Jona , Dhulipala Sravan , Fufa Duretti
Published: October 2020

Background Flap loss is a catastrophic complication following lower extremity reconstructions. Close monitoring can detect circulatory changes, particularly when introducing gravity through dangle protocols. Noninvasive near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) tissue oximetry is one such method used for continuous monitoring of tissue perfusion. Recently, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been for compromised flaps salvage. We used NIRS to study the impact of leg positioning and NPWT on lower extremity perfusion during a mock dangle protocol.

Methods A tissue oximeter transcutaneous probe was placed on each lower limb of five normal patients at the location of the highest density of peroneal artery perforators along the distal one-third fibula. The experimental leg probe was covered with NPWT at 100 mm Hg. The contralateral leg served as control. Tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) was measured continuously for 140 minutes. Leg position was changed in every 20 minutes to mimic a dangle protocol.

Results Our results showed higher StO2 with leg elevation, and lower StO2 in dependent positions in the control limb. StO2 was consistently higher in the limb with NPWT, which had a slower rate of deoxygenation with introduction of gravity. In both conditions, on returning to neutral position from the dependent, StO2 returned to levels close to baseline.

Conclusion These data provide further information on hemodynamic changes introduced by gravity, and how NPWT might modulate these changes.
Klinikküchen: Was tut sich auf dem Markt der Krankenhausverpflegung?
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: October 2020

Der Markt der Krankenhausverpflegung ist speziell. Es wird viel gefordert und möglichst wenig gezahlt. Caterer tun sich mit dem Geschäft auch deshalb schwer und können ihre Marktanteile nicht ausbauen. Trotzdem ist einiges in Bewegung in deutschen Klinikküchen.
Bettenlogistik: Langfristige Prozessverbesserungen durch mehr Technik
Authors: Otten Hubert , Köhler Wolfgang
Published: October 2020

Krankenhausbetten verdienen – mit Blick auf die Kosten – ein besonderes Augenmerk. Unter Berücksichtigung eines hygienisch einwandfreien Umlaufs sollte daher die Intensität ihrer Nutzung im Mittelpunkt stehen. Dies kann durchaus eine Fördertechnik eigens für Betten rechtfertigen.
Bevorratung von Schutzausrüstung: „Palettenweise Masken im Lager“
Authors: König Romy
Published: October 2020

Kim Königer und Stefan Krojer sprechen im Interview darüber, wie Kliniken in Bezug auf ausreichend Schutzausrüstung aufgestellt sind und dass in vielen Kliniken eventuell mangelhafte Ware in den Lagern liegt, die unbedingt aus dem Verkehr gezogen werden muss.
100 Tage Femak Forum: Wo stehen wir?
Authors: Merkel Martin
Published: October 2020

Die Corona-Pandemie hat den Klinikeinkauf maßgeblich unter Druck gesetzt. Der Bundesverband femak ist seit Anfang der Krise mit den Akteuren aus Einkauf, Industrie und Einkaufsgemeinschaft im Dialog und versucht, Lösungsansätze zu finden.
Detection of tetracycline antibiotics in water by dispersive micro-solid phase extraction using Fe3O4@[Cu3(btc)2] magnetic composite combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Yan-ni , Hu Yan-yun , Ding Lei , Zhou Dian-bing , Chen Wen-jun
Published: October 2020

Residues of tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) in environments may be harmful to human. Due to their high polarities, it is extremely challenging to efficiently enrich TCs with low concentrations in natural waters for analysis. In this work, a magnetic metal-organic framework Fe3O4@[Cu3(btc)2] was synthesized and applied as a dispersive micro-solid phase extraction adsorbent for TCs enrichment. Effects of dispersive micro-solid phase extraction conditions including extraction time, solution pH, and elution solvent on the extraction efficiencies of TCs were investigated. Results show that TCs could be enriched efficiently by Fe3O4@[Cu3(btc)2], and electrostatic interaction between TCs and Fe3O4@[Cu3(btc)2] dominated this process. Combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, four TCs residues (oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline) in natural waters were determined. The detection limits (LOD, S/N = 3) of the four antibiotics were 0.01–0.02 µg/L, and the limits of quantitation (LOQ, S/N = 10) were 0.04–0.07 µg/L. The recoveries obtained from river water and aquaculture water spiked with three TCs concentration levels ranged from 70.3% to 96.5% with relative standard deviations of 3.8%–12.8%. Results indicate that the magnetic metal-organic framework based dispersive micro-solid phase extraction is simple, rapid and high-loading for antibiotics enrichment from water, which further expand the practical application of metal-organic frameworks in sample pretreatment for environmental pollutant analysis.
Ionization and dissociation of benzene and aniline under deep ultraviolet laser irradiation
Authors: Geng Lijun , Zhang Hanyu , Wu Haiming , Sun Zhendong , Luo Zhixun
Published: October 2020

We report a study on photo-ionization of benzene and aniline with incidental subsequent dissociation by the customized reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer utilizing a deep ultraviolet 177.3 nm laser. Highly efficient ionization of benzene is observed with a weak C4H3+ fragment formed by undergoing disproportional C-C bond dissociation. In comparison, a major C5H6+· fragment and a minor C6H6+· radical are produced in the ionization of aniline pertaining to the removal of CNH· and NH· radicals, respectively. First-principles calculation is employed to reveal the photo-dissociation pathways of these two molecules having a structural difference of just an amino group. It is demonstrated that hydrogen atom transfer plays an important role in the cleavage of C-C or C-N bonds in benzene and aniline ions. This study is helpful to understand the underlying mechanisms of chemical bond fracture of benzene ring and related aromatic molecules.
Hydrogen-assisted C-C coupling on reaction of CuC3H−Cluster anion with CO
Authors: Li Xiao-na , Jiang Li-xue , Liu Qing-yu , Ren Yi , Wei Gong-ping
Published: October 2020

A fundamental study on C-C coupling, that is the crucial step in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) process to obtain multi-carbon products, is of great importance to tailor catalysts and then guide a more promising pathway. It has been demonstrated that the coupling of CO with the metal carbide can represent the early stage in the FTS process, while the related mechanism is elusive. Herein, the reactions of the CuC3H− and CuC3− cluster anions with CO have been studied by using mass spectrometry and theoretical calculations. The experimental results showed that the coupling of CO with the C3H− moiety of CuC3H− can generate the exclusive ion product COC3H−. The reactivity and selectivity of this reaction of CuC3H− with CO are greatly higher than that of the reaction of CuC3− with CO, and this H-assisted C−C coupling process was rationalized by theoretical calculations.
Activation of dinitrogen by gas-phase species
Authors: Mou Li-hui , Jiang Gui-duo , Li Zi-yu , He Sheng-gui
Published: October 2020

Reactions of gas-phase species with small molecules are being actively studied to understand the elementary steps and mechanistic details of related condensed-phase processes. Activation of the very inert N≡N triple bond of dinitrogen molecule by isolated gas-phase species has attracted considerable interest in the past few decades. Apart from molecular adsorption and dissociative adsorption, interesting processes such as C-N coupling and degenerate ligand exchange were discovered. The present review focuses on the recent progress on adsorption, activation, and functionalization of N2 by gas-phase species (particularly metal cluster ions) using mass spectrometry, infrared photo-dissociation spectroscopy, anion photoelectron spectroscopy, and quantum chemical calculations including density functional theory and high-level ab initio calculations. Recent advances including characterization of adsorption products, dependence of clusters’ reactivity on their sizes and structures, and mechanisms of N≡N weakening and splitting have been emphasized and prospects have been discussed.
A microfluidic flow analyzer with integrated lensed optical fibers
Authors: Mohan A. , Gupta P. , Nair A. P. , Prabhakar A. , Saiyed T.
Published: October 2020

Rapid optical interrogation of flowing cells or particles is a powerful tool in the field of biomedical diagnostics. Determination of size and composition of fast-flowing cells, with diameters in the range of 2–15μm, often require complex open-space optics and expensive high-speed cameras. In this work, a method to overcome these challenges by using a hydrodynamic flow-based microfluidic platform coupled with on-chip integrated fiber optics is reported. The lab-scale portable device developed uses a combination of on-chip lensed and non-lensed optical fibers for precision illumination. The narrow light beam produced by the lensed fiber (f=150μm) enables precise optical analysis with high sensitivity. A planar arrangement of optical fibers at various angles facilitates multi-parametric analysis from a single point of interrogation. As proof of concept, the laboratory-scale portable bench-top prototype is used to measure fluorescence signals from CD4 immunostained cells and human blood samples. The performance of microfluidic flow analyzer is also compared to the conventional Guava® easyCyte 8HT flow cytometer.
Numerical simulation of natural convection of dusty nanofluids within a curve-shaped enclosure
Authors: Saha Litan Kumar , Bala Shujit Kumar , Roy Nepal Chandra , Molla Md Mamun
Published: October 2020

The current research expounds the numerical simulation of a two phase dusty nanofluid flow in a curve-shaped enclosure surrounded by three straight walls and a curved wall. The flow is generated in the enclosure because of the buoyancy force due to the heated lower curved wall. An apt variable transform that transfigures the curve-shaped domain into a rectangular domain is introduced in this study. The governing equations for the nanofluid phase and the dusty phase in transformed coordinates are solved by incorporating a finite difference technique with a successive over-relaxation method. The requisite results to analyze the flow and heat transfer are blazoned for physically significant parameters, namely, the nanoparticles’ volume fraction, the Rayleigh number, the amplitude, the density ratio, and the dusty parameter. The results assert that the flow strength can be decreased slightly by increasing the nanoparticles’ volume fraction and the amplitude but can be increased notably by incrementing the Rayleigh number. Besides, heat transfer can be enhanced about 4.33% at the lower wall and about 5.13% at the upper wall by incrementing the nanoparticles’ volume fraction 4% for the Rayleigh number 105. Moreover, the increment in the Rayleigh number and decrement in the density ratio and the dusty parameter can augment the heat transfer rate.
Where do new PhDs work?
Authors: Mulvey Patrick J.
Published: October 2020

Survey questionnaire data reveal that recently graduated physics PhDs have a varied set of career options.
A framework of integrated research for managing introduced predators in the Pilbara bioregion, Western Australia
Authors: Moro Dorian , Morris Keith , van Leeuwen Stephen , Davie Harriet
Published: October 2020

The effective control of wild dogs, feral cats and foxes is of primary interest to land managers, both for biodiversity conservation and for the protection of livestock. Control programs primarily target single species within the context of biodiversity conservation or livestock practices, but their effectiveness in depressing predator densities is unclear because monitoring is limited or not conducted. Here, we review and discuss the outcomes of a workshop to identify research priorities for managing predation on native fauna by introduced predators in the Pilbara bioregion in Western Australia. We suggest that the control of introduced predators will be most effective if it is implemented at a landscape-scale comprising integrated predator management that considers interspecific (predator) interactions combined with standardised monitoring to measure the effectiveness and benefits of control. Four research themes were identified: (1) collation and collection of baseline data, (2) effective monitoring of introduced predators, (3) understanding functional (ecological) roles of introduced predators within the different ecosystem contexts, and (4) identifying novel complementary approaches to protect threatened species. These themes collectively include research areas that invest in foundational, ecological and alternative biological parameters in research to close knowledge gaps related to the functional roles of introduced predators in the landscape. Addressing these research themes will assist land managers to achieve outcomes that address the needs of both biodiversity conservation and pastoral production. This framework is timely given the ongoing investment in offset funding being mobilised in the region.
Effects of LH and FSH on androgen and oestrogen release in the myometrium of pigs during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy
Authors: Waszkiewicz Ewa M. , Zmijewska Agata , Kozlowska Wiktoria , Franczak Anita
Published: October 2020

The porcine myometrium possesses steroidogenic activity. LH and FSH are hypothesised to regulate the myometrial production of androstenedione (A4), testosterone (T), oestrone (E1) and 17β-oestradiol (E2). In this study, we used myometrium collected from cycling (n=15) and pregnant (n=15) pigs on Days 10–11, 12–13 and 15–16 of the oestrous cycle or pregnancy to determine: (1) the abundance of LH and FSH receptor (LH/choriogonadotrophin receptor (CGR) and FSHR) mRNA and protein; (2) activity of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (17βHSD1); and (3) A4, T, E1 and E2 release in response to LH and FSH treatment, used at doses 10 or 100ng mL−1 for 6h. In results, the myometrium possesses LH/CGR and FSHR with minor alterations in their expression in the course of the oestrous cycle or early pregnancy. 17βHSD1 activity was the highest on Days 12–13 of the oestrous cycle and the lowest on Days 15–16 of the oestrus cycle and pregnancy, when compared to the other studied days of the oestrous cycle or pregnancy. The LH and FSH treatment increased A4 release on Days 12–13 of the oestrous cycle, and E1 and E2 release on Days 15–16 of the oestrous cycle. Moreover, on Days 12–13 E2 release was increased in response to FSH treatment (100ng mL−1) in cycling pigs and in response to LH (100ng mL−1) in pregnant pigs. In conclusion, the myometrium of pregnant and non-pregnant pigs expresses LH/CGR and FSHR and has 17βHSD1 activity. In addition, the amount of A4, E1, and E2 release from the myometrium is altered in response to LH and FSH, especially in cycling pigs. LH and FSH appear to be important regulators of myometrial oestrogen release in pigs mostly during luteolysis.
Writing and identity
Authors: Coulmas Florian
Published: October 2020

This essay explores the relationship between writing and an emblematic notion of our age, identity. It describes the symbolic functions of writing for three planes on which it is instrumentalized as a marker of identity, religion, nation and language. The discussion revolves around scriptures as a means of codifying religion, the practical and symbolic functions of writing for modern nation states, and the question of how writing affects linguistic systems, with regard to individual speakers, communities of speakers, and languages themselves. It thus appraises writing as a culture technique without which god, nation, and self wouldn’t be what nowadays we think they are.
Literacies in contact when writing Wolof – orthographic repertoires in digital communication
Authors: Lexander Kristin Vold
Published: October 2020

This paper investigates the resources writers activate when they spell Wolof, a West African language they usually use more in spoken than in written communication. I apply the notion of orthographic repertoire to examine three young women’s spelling of Wolof as socially embedded practices. The analysis covers three different sets of interactional data: (1) texting by Senegalese university students, (2) discussion forum posts, and (3) transnational digital family interaction. The spelling practices are examined with reference to the colonial history of spelling in Senegal, other contemporary informal literacies in West Africa, and the sociolinguistic context of the writers. The paper shows that the different spelling resources related to the multilingual and mediated nature of their writing are drawn upon as the three young women engage in digital literacy practices including Wolof.
The multilingual practices of Laurence Sterne
Authors: Nurmi Arja
Published: October 2020

This article discusses the multilingual practices identified in the public and private writings of Laurence Sterne, novelist and clergyman. The data used consists of Sterne’s two novels as well as a selection of his personal correspondence. Sterne uses a wide variety of languages in his texts, although the most common ones are French and Latin, the languages he seems to have been most fluent in. Sterne engages in some practices associated with translanguaging, particularly in terms of playful language use and mediation of foreign-language passages, but it is impossible to pinpoint any specific characteristics of translanguaging for certain. On the whole, it would seem that the analysis of Sterne’s multilingual practices does not benefit from the translanguaging point-of-view.
Foreign schriftdenken in ausbau languages
Authors: Weth Constanze , Bunčić Daniel
Published: October 2020

The concept ofschriftdenkendescribes how the knowledge of a writing system in use guides the creation of a writing system for a yet to be standardized language. Trubetz­koy described this effect with reference to the invention of the Glagolitic alphabet in the 9th century with Greek as the reference writing system. This paper demonstrates schriftdenken and measures to increase orthographic differences in two writing systems with a relatively young history: Luxembourgish (a Germanic language) and Rusyn (a Slavic language). In the Luxembourgish context, schriftdenken and orthographic separation are revealed by the historical context, whereas in the Rusyn context, both practices are related to different geographic contact situations in the countries where Rusyn is spoken and written. The reference languages for Luxembourgish are German, French and Dutch; for Rusyn, they are Russian, Ukrainian, Church Slavonic, Polish and Slovak.
Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Effectiveness: Exploration of Relationship and Moderators
Authors: Sharmaa Nidhi , Singh Reetesh K.
Published: October 2020

Research on benefits of workplace spirituality is rich in diversity, and has gained traction over the years. However, wider adoption of workplace spirituality initiatives will require sound justification of its ability to improve organizational effectiveness. Assertions about organizational effectiveness being a beneficial outcome of workplace spirituality are predominantly conceptual propositions, or based on narrow perspectives of the construct. Practitioners are under increasing pressure to adopt evidence-based management practices, and must justify investments in development interventions. Based on an eastern perspective of workplace spirituality, this study evaluates the relationship between workplace spirituality and organizational effectiveness as observed among academics in the higher education sector in India. The study establishes empirical evidence of relationship between the two constructs, as well as universality of this relationship across several demographic factors. These outcomes pave the way for wider adoption of workplace spirituality initiatives to improve organizational effectiveness.