bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capital, Catastrophe: Marx’s “Dynamic Objects”
Authors: Lezra Jacques
Published: September 2018

This chapter looks at how Capital, and capital, produce objects: what these objects are; how they dissolve classical, even dialectical models of identity; and finally, what analytic frameworks they command. Here the chapter shows Marx's critique of the logical form of classical political economy's statements (“the identity of consumption and production”). The range of names and objects and of disciplines that support them, providing them conditions of intelligibility and subsistence and taking from them coherence and legitimacy, hangs on two names, and on the mixed and contradictory sorts and principles of identity that attach historically to them: Marx and Baruch Spinoza.
Uncountable Matters
Authors: Lezra Jacques
Published: September 2018

This chapter seeks to show how the most consequential contemporary critiques of mediation—found in the work of Quentin Meillassoux and Alain Badiou—reinstall a form of species-humanism under cover of a procedure of mathematical abstraction that Marx (and Melville) have already put in question. Here—and returning to the distinctive imbrication of things with the matter of poetic expression and with the expression of what comes to be called subjectivity that so captivates Marx about Lucretius's poem—it is John Donne, Pablo Neruda, and again Freud who provide us with a contemporary account of de-theologized fetishism on which to build a critico-political project in the wake of Marx's writing.
Sans Emploi, Sans Repos, Sans Réponse: Georges Bataille’s Loss without a Why
Authors: Dubilet Alex
Published: September 2018

This chapter argues that Bataille’s wartime writings, the texts comprising La Somme athéologique, are exemplary in the way they bypass the customary division erected between philosophical and religious discourses in order to foreground a different partition: between modes of thinking, living, and speaking that disclose movements of self-emptying and irrecuperable loss and thereby reveal the ungrounded immanence of life, and those, by contrast, that disavow and instrumentalize of those movements and thus uphold transcendence. This, as the chapter argues, explains the peculiar fact that Bataille’s texts never found a disciplinary home; he was a figure whose thought proved too mystical for the philosophers (as Jean-Paul Sartre claimed) and too nihilistic for the theologians (as Gabriel Marcel made clear). In other words, Bataille’s works gave voice to the ungrounded immanence of life, but did so while stripping thought of its discursive and disciplinary supports and orientations.
E-Phemera: Of Deconstruction, Biodegradability, and Nuclear War
Authors: Naas Michael
Published: September 2018

This work offers a close reading and analysis of Derrida’s 1989 essay “Biodegradables,” which contains some of Derrida’s most explicit and developed reflections on ecology and the environment, as well as on the related themes of life, survival, waste, biodegradability, remains, and what will remain—or not—after the end. A rather strange “artefact” within the Derridean corpus, “Biodegradables” is, despite its length (some sixty pages), unknown to most readers of Derrida and rarely commented on even by those who know his work well. The aim of this work is thus, in part, to save this important essay from the forgetting or the biodegradation to which it has been consigned in the secondary literature. But it is also, and more importantly, to underscore a thinking of the relationship between ecology and war—and particularly nuclear war—that can be heard haunting the essay from beginning to end. Given current concerns about the proliferation of nuclear weapons and the containment of nuclear waste, it is high time, I argue, that Derrida’s reflections about these issues be retrieved from our cultural landfill and brought back into contemporary environmental theory
Troubling Time/s and Ecologies of Nothingness: Re-turning, Re-membering, and Facing the Incalculable
Authors: Barad Karen
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the epistemological-ontological-ethical implications of temporal dis/junction by reading insights from Quantum Field Theory and Kyoko Hayashi’s account of the destruction wrought by the Nagasaki bombing through one another. The diffraction of time at the core of quantum field theory troubles the scalar distinction between the world of subatomic particles and that of colonialism, war, nuclear physics research, and environmental destruction; all of which entangle the effects of nuclear warfare throughout the present time, troubling the binaries between micro and macro, nature and culture, nonhuman and human. The chapter thus attempts to think through what possibilities remain open for an embodied re-membering of the past which, against the colonialist practices of erasure and avoidance and the related desire to set time aright, calls for thinking a certain undoing of time; a work of mourning more accountable to, and doing justice to, the victims of ecological destruction and of racist, colonialist, and nationalist violence, human and otherwise—those victims who are no longer there, and those yet to come.
An Eco-Deconstructive Account of the Emergence of Normativity in “Nature”
Authors: Fritsch Matthias
Published: September 2018

This chapter elaborates an eco-deconstructive account of the emergence of “value in nature” with the differential constitution of living beings in their habitats. Prevailing accounts suggest that value emerges first and foremost with self-valuing individuals, with suffering, or with holistic entities. In response, the chapter argues that Derrida’s concept of “double affirmation” helps us to see that these three elements give rise to “value” in nature in a tangled interrelation. A living being must affirm both itself and its others as a result of each living entity being constitutively and differentially related to other entities in its life context. Self-affirmation or self-valuing is thus viewed as a response to both the fundamental vulnerability of living things and the dependence on a life-sustaining context that always threatens with death and reabsorption into a larger “whole.” This account of the emergence of value in a vulnerable self-affirmation, the chapter concludes, suggests new and productive avenues for thinking environmental ethics beyond the stand-off between accounts that begin with self-valuing and those that make suffering central, as well as beyond the clash between individualism and holism.
Introduction
Authors: Khalip Jacques
Published: September 2018

The introduction begins with an essay by Kant in order to consider how the end of all things becomes linked to an end of thinking. It argues that Kant provides a way, in spite of himself, of considering the impossible limits of thought, life, and our world. Through readings of works by Hubert Robert, Wordsworth, Emily Dickinson, Stanley Cavell, and Tatsuo Miyajima, it theoretically stresses quieter and less emphatic ways of thinking the end of the world. It explores lastness as an unthinkable border of the human, and in turn, it reads the fate of romanticism (and romantic studies) within the key of the last.
Pure Gentleness?
Authors: Dufourmantelle Anne
Published: September 2018

Gentleness must contain the seed of its opposite in order to maintain its agency. Violence is proof that that gentleness may not be fully received in this world. Dufourmantelle discusses literary characters who embody innocence and are its tragic heroes. She discusses Billy Budd by Herman Melville, The Man Who Laughs by Victor Hugo, and “A Simple Heart” by Gustave Flaubert.
Fruits of the Poisonous Tree: Plato and Alcidamas on the Evils of Writing
Authors: Naas Michael
Published: September 2018

This chapter revisits Jacques Derrida’s 1968 essay “Plato’s Pharmacy” on Plato’s critique of writing in order to ask about the values of life and living presence in Plato and in two rhetoricians/sophists with whom Plato seems to be in dialogue throughout the Phaedrus as well as the Statesman, Isocrates and Alcidamas. It is argued that what is at issue between Alcidamas and Isocrates, on the one hand, and Plato, on the other, is not only the question of speech and writing, and the related questions of memory and repetition, but, once again, the question of life and the value of life. What is waged in the gigantomachia between the rhetoricians or sophists and Plato is a battle over two different values for life, life as force and the power to persuade, on the one hand, and life as truth or as the force of truth, on the other. What we thus see in all three thinkers is at once a fear of the power of the written word and an absolute fascination with it, a fear of this new technology called writing and a fascination with the transformation in the values of life that it at once threatened and promised.
Deficit irrigation in commercial mandarin trees: water relations, yield and quality responses at harvest and after cold storage
Authors: Conesa María R. , De la Rosa José M. , Fernández-Trujillo J. Pablo , Domingo Rafael , Pérez-Pastor Alejandro
Published: September 2018

Two experiments were conducted on a commercial farm of late ‘Fortune’ mandarin trees in order to know the response of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), mainly applied during the most harmful ripening stages, on plant water relations, yield and fruit quality at harvest and after cold storage at different temperatures. Control trees were irrigated to satisfy maximum crop evapotranspiration, while RDI-1 and RDI- 2 represented a 20% and 40% reduction, respectively, in the water applied. Total yield and fruit quality at harvest were not significantly affected by either treatment. Late stage II of fruit growth was the most sensitive period to water stress, while deficit irrigation applied during flowering and stage I of fruit growth resulted in a significantly higher number of fruits per tree and an improvement in irrigation water productivity compared with the Control treatment. In both experiments, skin chroma decreased during cold storage, at the same time as titratable acidity fell. Fruit quality (titratable acidity, skin C* and ascorbic and glutamic acids) were more affected by cold storage than by differences between the RDI treatments. The use of trunk diameter fluctuation was useful for restoring the RDI irrigation to levels of the Control at the end of early stage II. From a quality point of view, any difference between treatments found at harvest tended to diminish during the subsequent shelf-life after cold storage. Quality traits (titratable acidity, ascorbic and glutamic acid) could be used as chilling biomarkers.
De Conan Doyle a Márcio Souza: a Amazônia ficcionalizada em "O mundo perdido" e "O fim do terceiro mundo"
Authors: Gomes Márcia Letícia , Silva Tomás Mendes da
Published: September 2018

O Fim do Terceiro Mundo, obra do amazonense Márcio Souza, cria um ambiente metaficcional em que aborda a Amazônia e como vem sendo retratada na literatura. O narrador/autor explica que, ao ser entrevistado, contou a um jornalista que estava escrevendo a continuação do livro O Mundo Perdido, de Conan Doyle e que, após tal declaração, se sentiu na obrigação de escrever o livro. Percebem-se, na narrativa, além do enredo ficcional, diversas reflexões a respeito do processo de escritura, da convivência com as personagens, da organização do enredo, do diálogo entre diferentes textos.Lost world II: the end of the third world, by Márcio Souza, creates a metafictional environment that shows the Amazon and her apparition on literature. The author explains that in an interview he talks about write the continuation of The lost world, by Conan Doyle, so he must write the book. In the narrative, beyond the fictional element, the reader can realize reflections about writing, characters, plot, intertextuality. KEYWORDS:  .
Uma viagem de Camões a Gonçalo Tavares e vice-versa
Authors: Nascimento Diogo Da Silva
Published: September 2018

Este trabalho objetiva a abordagem da obra Uma viagem à Índia (2010), do escritor português Gonçalo Tavares, levando em consideração as relações intertextuais com Os Lusíadas, de Camões. O trabalho focará o momento inicial da narrativa, parte que compreende a introdução e o começo do percurso das duas viagens, analisando de que modo Tavares dialoga com a obra camoniana, em um processo de assimilação e, ao mesmo tempo, transformação. Será utilizado o arcabouço teórico sobre dialogismo e intertextualidade. This paper aims the approach of the work Uma viagem à Índia (2010), by the portuguese writer Gonçalo Tavares, considering intertextual relashionships with Os Lusíadas, by Camões. The paper will focus the narrative’s initial moment, where the introduction and start of both trips’ courses are comprehended, analysing how Tavares dialogues with the camonian work, in an assimilation and at the same time, transformation process. The theoretical outline of dialogism and intertextuality will be used.
Practical Abilities Improved by CDIO Teaching Mode Taking the Course of Integrated English as an Example
Authors: Wenwen Xiao , Yunfei Gu
Published: September 2018

The CDIO teaching mode is one kind of the engineering education concept, and now it is gradually adopted in English language teaching. Integrated English is one of the basic courses for English major students, and adopting the CDIO teaching mode in this course can improve different abilities of English major students, such as the professional knowledge of English, ability to find and solve the problems, self-learning ability, related employment ability, critical thinking ability, teamwork spirit and innovation ability.
Relationship between Employees Trust and Safety of Information in Small Organizations
Authors: Mutnuru Santosh
Published: September 2018

This study is trying to understand employee’s perspective on how a trust of an employee has on his/her employer has any significance on safety of information from internal attacks in a small organization. The relationship between the trust of an employee on his/her employer with safety of information from internal employee attacks in small organizations has not been explored well. The study was conducted on employees who worked in small organizations which maintained all of its information in digital format. About four hundred and ninety employees responded who belong to small organizations in the Midwestern US region. The influence that employees trust on his/her employer and the safety of information was explored. The research findings revealed that there is a positive correlation between the trust of employee on his/her employer and safety of information from internal attacks in small organizations.
Equity Rights Issue and Dilutive Effect: Evidence from Italian Listed Companies
Authors: Di Martino Giuseppe , Busatto Federico
Published: September 2018

This article studies the stock price reaction to Seasoned Equity Offerings (SEOs) through the right issue technique, for Italian listed companies in the period between 2007 and 2016. A few days before the starting date of the capital increase operation, investors are provided with a complete information set of the final characteristics of the equity offerings. The study investigates whether this further information is price sensitive. An event study analysis is performed around two price sensitive dates: the “announcement date” of the equity issue and the “communication date” of its final characteristics. It also focuses on the reasons underlying the offer and on the industry effect. The findings show a significant negative abnormal return at the communication date for the full sample and for companies collecting financial resources for “Corporate Finance Transaction”, for "Capital Adequacy" and for “Restructuring”. A negative market reaction for all sectors is observed as well. Eventually, the article examines the possible causes underlying the negative stock price reaction at the communication date. The results suggest that the dilutive effect is the main explanation to the stock price overreaction.
Wijsheid, standvastigheid en recht
Authors: Slootweg Timo
Published: September 2018

Wisdom, constancy and law. Stoicism as a crisis phenomenon and its relation to Christianity

Politics and law are not in essence about knowledge, good sense and learning, but about wisdom. Good legislation requires wisdom and the wise judge is also the ideal when it comes to good adjudication. But what is wisdom actually and who is the sage? To answer these questions, this article departs from the views of the Stoa (of Seneca especially) which has been of fundamental significance for the development of law and which still continues to influence it. It shows how the philosophical views of the Stoics included an objective view of law and cultivated a subjective impassibility and apathy that were associated with steadfastness or constancy. Stoic wisdom was (and still is): virtuous obedience to the objective laws of nature. In modern Stoics like Spinoza and Justus Lipsius we find these same elements. But in modern times Stoicism is wrapped in the veil of a Christian vision of life, which (as such) serves as a seductive legitimation of its principles. In this guise Stoicism has been of enormous significance in the history of Christianity. However, their historical relationship is based on a major misunderstanding. In fact, Stoicism is Christianity’s most extreme alternative, as Erasmus already pointed out. For the Stoic sage a theoretical and practical wisdom applies that is not (in any way) in accordance with the courageous foolishness of Christianity. It is through the prism of this foolishness that we come to appreciate that the eternal Stoic attitude is odious when it comes to law and politics. Stoicism is a recurring crisis phenomenon: a cultural sickness, for which the wisdom of Christianity still offers a very effective medicine.
Creating the Land of Lincoln
Authors: Cicero Jr. Frank
Published: September 2018

This book links the state constitutions of Illinois to Abraham Lincoln’s legacy amendments to the U.S. Constitution. Beginning with Euro-American settlement in the region that would become Illinois, the narrative details the various nations that governed the territory and the issues that concerned its population, from degrees of authoritarian rule to the status of indentured servants and black and Native slaves. As the territory came under U.S. control through the Northwest Ordinance, its sparse population held southern attitudes toward government and slavery. Through an enabling act in 1818, the northern border of Illinois Territory was set sixty miles north of the southern tip of Lake Michigan, encompassing what would eventually become the economic powerhouse of Chicago. Analysis of the four nineteenth-century state constitutional conventions (1818, 1847, 1862, 1869) summarizes essential issues for Illinois’s citizens, from the balance of governmental powers to the civil rights of African Americans, from squabbles over internal improvements like canals and railroads to geographical splits between rural and urban, Yankee and southern. This history and analysis shows that the enabling act that extended the Illinois border north also enabled the growth of the Republican Party, Abraham Lincoln’s election as president, and the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution that altered the nation’s history.
Wired into Nature
Authors: Schwoch James
Published: September 2018

This book is a study of the telegraph in western North America, concentrating on the latter half of the nineteenth century. A number of distinguished books and articles have been written about the telegraph and the nineteenth-century American experience. For the most part, however, this scholarly work is geographically partial. The standard histories of the American telegraph are stories of the East Coast and the Atlantic Seaboard, the growing Midwest, and service to urban areas. This book looks toward the West. The narrative includes landscapes and ecosystems, meteorology, surveillance, and containment and conflict with Native Americans. Major themes include the high ground, the signal flow, the state secret, and the secure command. Opening with discussion of the first attempts to bring the telegraph to the Trans-Mississippi West, the book concludes with the consolidation of the secure command of electronic communication networks in the White House during the Spanish-American War, detailing the transformation of electronic communication networks from continentalism to globalism. The terrain of the narrative incudes the Great Plains, the Southwest, the Pacific Coast, the Rocky Mountains, the border with Mexico, and the subarctic and arctic areas of North America. This book presents an interpretive approach that centers on environmental, climatological, military, and surveillance issues as key factors in the history of electronic communication networks.
Changing Stages
Authors: Saturno William , Rossi Franco D. , Beltrán Boris
Published: September 2018

This chapter adds to the current debate evaluating the functions and meanings of Maya architectural layouts and contributes to our understanding of the diverse cultural and political values embedded within these complexes. Excavations at San Bartolo of an architectural assemblage consisting of a ballcourt, E-group, and triadic complex defines a developmental sequence highlighting both significant changes and continuities in ceremonial expression during the last four centuries of the Preclassic period. The changes reflect an evolution of the role of ajaw from an intermediary with divine forces to a divine force to which nature was subject. The shift at San Bartolo, from E-group to Triadic complex, thus characterizes a monumental architecture expressing nascent institutions of kingship that would come to define the politics of the Classic period.
Ebb and Flow, 1920–1990
Authors: Mulrooney Margaret M.
Published: September 2018

As the twentieth century advanced, Wilmington’s old, established elites found it more difficult to retain the most salient elements of their collective past while fashioning a modern, progressive identity. The energy of the Roaring Twenties prompted renewed efforts to boost the city and its nearby beaches, and thousands of newcomers relocated to the area. During the Great Depression, when Wilmington’s leisure-based economy suffered a major blow, racial tensions flared anew. But at this point, civic leaders started to shift the local narrative. In particular, white elites began to disavow racist violence, strategically tailoring the presentation of their past to fit the emerging, statewide rhetoric of civility and racial progress—what Tar Heels later called the North Carolina Way. Still, old ways continued to ebb and flow. After the onset of World War II, the city experienced more frequent and more extensive “race riots,” the most notable ones in 1941, 1958, 1960, 1968, and 1971. These violent events resulted partly from certain white residents’ efforts to maintain traditional racial privileges and partly from certain black residents’ growing activism for equal rights.
Rulers without Borders
Authors: Johnson Scott A. J.
Published: September 2018

This chapter explores the nature of polity borders in Early Postclassic Yucatan. It outlines definitions for borders and related terms and argues that the Itza maintained hegemonic rather than territorial control of the Yucatan Peninsula. In this model of dominance, the Itza subjugated the local leadership and demanded tribute but did not interfere in the day-to-day interactions of commoners. The Itza were more concerned with protecting the centers of power rather than defending finite, linear borders. If such territorial demarcations existed, they were open to the passage of commerce and commoners but not hostile forces.
Knowing Subjects in an Unknown Place
Authors: Zhang Jundan (Jasmine) , Tucker Hazel
Published: September 2018

Focusing on the complex situation caused by a distinction made between cultural and natural “values” in the UNESCO Convention, this chapter considers the case of Niru Village, China. To do so the authors examine observations and narratives from Niru villagers, collected by one of the authors (Zhang) during fieldwork conducted in 2013. Through staying with a local villager’s family and working with the villagers for three months, Zhang conducted the ethnography with critical reflexivity and paid particular attention to emerging narratives and tensions.
Beyond the Nation
Authors: Mitterhofer Johanna
Published: September 2018

In this chapter the author explores the effects of the exclusive potential of heritage in culturally heterogeneous European societies and investigates initiatives that seek to make heritage more inclusive and pluralistic. How do minority groups negotiate heritage practices and discourses formulated by the dominant national population? From a war monument in South Tyrol, an Italian province inhabited by a large German-speaking minority, to the role of migrant memories in the making of national heritage discourses, the chapter focuses on processes that seek to include minority voices and contrasting heritage interpretations in what Laurajane Smith terms the “Authorized Heritage Discourse.”
At the Margins of Empire
Authors: Pippin Douglas J.
Published: September 2018

British policy in the American Colonies—leading up to the Revolutionary War—restricted colonial expansion and discouraged settlement on the frontier. When that war broke out, maintaining control of the Great Lakes region was complicated by the lack of civilian communities. At the head of the St. Lawrence River, Carleton Island functioned as a shipping depot, refugee base, and military hub between the upper posts and the cities of Montréal and Québec. Archaeological and historical evidence indicates that the active transport at Carleton Island led to a diverse population with respect to nationality, ethnicity, occupation, and socioeconomic status. By examining not just the soldiers, however, but the Carleton Island community in a broader context, a greater understanding emerges for postwar British settlement pattern in Upper Canada.
Enslaved Africans and the British Military at the Brimstone Hill Fortress, St. Kitts, West Indies
Authors: Schroedl Gerald F.
Published: September 2018

Brimstone Hill Fortress (1690–1854) is a British colonial era fortification located on the northwest coast of St. Kitts in the eastern Caribbean. In the eighteenth century, it became the centerpiece of island defenses. While serving as a refuge from foreign invasion, its massive construction and garrison projected military power to foreign enemies and provided domestic security from the threat of slave revolts. This chapter uses historic records and excavations at six locations to demonstrate the multiethnic dimensions and multifaceted relationships of the fort’s occupants, including British officers and enlisted men, Black militia, West India Regiments, and enslaved Africans. A primary research goal is to underscore how Brimstone Hill reflects broad patterns of British colonial hegemony that shaped the lives of African and Creole people before and after emancipation (1834).
The Rosewood Massacre
Authors: González-Tennant Edward
Published: September 2018

The Rosewood Massacre investigates the 1923 race riot that, in a weeklong series of events, devastated the predominantly African American community of Rosewood, Florida. The town was burned to the ground by neighboring Whites, and its citizens fled for their lives, never to return. None of the perpetrators were convicted. Very little documentation of the event and the ensuing court hearings survives today. The only signs that there was once a vibrant town are a scattering of structural remains and a historical marker erected in 2004 declaring the site a Florida Heritage Landmark. Drawing on new methods and theories, Edward González-Tennant uncovers important elements of the forgotten history of Rosewood. He uses a mix of techniques such as geospatial analysis, interpretation of remotely sensed data, analysis of census data and property records, oral history, and the excavation and interpretation of artifacts from the site to reconstruct the local landscape. González-Tennant interprets these and other data through an intersectional framework, acknowledging the complex ways class, race, gender, and other identities compound discrimination. This allows him to explore the local circumstances and broader sociopolitical power structures that led to the massacre, showing how the event was a microcosm of the oppression and terror suffered by African Americans and other minorities in the United States. González-Tennant connects these historic forms of racial violence to present-day social and racial inequality and argues that such continuities demonstrate the need to make events like the Rosewood massacre public knowledge.
Studying Racial Violence in America
Authors: González-Tennant Edward
Published: September 2018

The primary goal of The Rosewood Massacre is to shed a light on the deep temporal connections between past racial violence and modern social inequality. González-Tennant’s approach involves a multidisciplinary study of racial violence and a new investigation of the destruction of Rosewood, Florida. This is not a study of a single moment or even the destruction of a single community, which was not truly destroyed, but rather displaced. Instead, it is a search for answers to the question of how culture, society, and violence intersect across time and space. González-Tennant’s study of Rosewood draws on additional datasets to construct an interpretive framework that begins with a case study—a microhistorical study—and builds toward a theory offering a fuller explanation of how ordinary citizens turned on their neighbors in terrifying ways. While previous studies of Rosewood accurately record approximate numbers of African Americans living in the area prior to the riot and present a broad review of the town’s development, they do not construct a detailed history of the town’s development through time. Collecting such information is difficult in rural settings. No maps or city directories exist for Rosewood due to its relatively remote location and low population density. We require new methods to explore the development of such rural contexts. In Rosewood, the use of geospatial mapping to analyze and interpret hundreds of property deeds demonstrates the development of a particular pattern of African American homeownership, and the role it played in contributing to the town’s destruction.
Theorizing Racial Violence in American History
Authors: González-Tennant Edward
Published: September 2018

In Chapter 3 González-Tennant explores ways intersectionality helps explain the deep connections between past and present forms of racial violence. Intersectionality frames social inequality as the result of intersecting and uneven power relations. While intersectionality is central to critical race theory and Black feminism, its adoption by historical archaeologists remains limited. Intersectionality is useful for an archaeology of race riots because it provides a different lens for examining race and society. The perspective of intersectionality also speaks directly to more than a century of scholarship examining lynchings and race riots. A brief introduction to the literature demonstrates two alarming trends: the treatment of lynchings and race riots as separate phenomena and the inability or disinterest of previous research to satisfactorily connect past racial violence to modern social inequality. González-Tennant’s approach to researching the connections between past violence and modern inequality draws on works from a range of closely related disciplines to illuminate these connections.
Modeling Differential Cultural Interaction in Late Bronze Age Thessaly
Authors: Feuer Bryan
Published: September 2018

On the northern border of Mycenaean civilization and encompassing several ecological zones, the province of Thessaly represents an opportunity to test the Cross-Cultural Interaction Model involving processes such as acculturation and ethnogenesis in a border/frontier zone. In the Late Bronze Age (c. 1600–1100 BC) southeastern Thessaly, with a climate and topography similar to the Mycenaean core zone of southern and central Greece, was in direct contact with the centers of Mycenaean civilization and evolved in a similar manner, while in the inner plains further north, a transition zone between the Mediterranean environment of the coast and the Continental environment of southeastern Europe, local elites selectively adopted some aspects of Mycenaean culture, and in the mountainous zone further to the north and west nomadic pastoral tribes had little contact with the Mycenaean world and were even more selective borrowing cultural elements.
Modeling Complex Cultural Encounters in Contact and Colonial Greenland, 1690–1900
Authors: Toft Peter Andreas
Published: September 2018

In the wake of European whaling and the presence of Danish colonists and missionaries, the Greenlandic Inuit were facing not only foreign people but also a new material culture in the form of European commodities between 1690 and 1900. Trade was the main motivation for these cultural encounters, but the nature and duration of local encounters affected Inuit use and reception of foreign things. This cultural exchange cannot be reduced to the simple dichotomy of Inuit and Europeans. Many groups were involved on both sides, and foreign commodities were accompanied by Europeans in some areas, whereas Inuit groups acted as middlemen in others. This chapter discusses the applicability of the Cross-Cultural Interaction Model to complex Contact and Colonial encounters based on the cultural biographies of glass beads, barrel hoops, and iron objects transformed into ulos (women’s knives) in the Historic Thule Culture.
Conspicuous Consumption in Ancient Costa Rica and Panama
Authors: Palumbo Scott
Published: September 2018

This chapter considers the mechanisms by which sumptuary art was deposited in mortuary contexts across southern Central America. Rather than indicating elite dominance, it is argued that the production and procurement of mortuary art promoted a factionalized political landscape. The burial of staggering quantities of goods may be interpreted as deflationary attempts to limit the capital available to rivals. Such practices may have promoted a zeitgeist of conspicuous consumption that frustrated attempts at further political consolidation in the Isthmus.
Cruising and Boundary Crossing
Authors: Watkins Jerry T.
Published: September 2018

The ability to travel, sometimes moving across boundaries of race and class, characterizes male cruising for sex along the Redneck Riviera at midcentury. Access to cars, busses, and boats coupled with the ever expanding and improving transportation infrastructure greatly expanded sexual possibilities for mobile men at this time. In ones and twos they turned their cars into gay spaces, they queered public restrooms, and they found each other on urban streets. Hustlers in Pensacola created networks and shared information about how to procure sexual partners and supplement their incomes, while some played with gender and notions of community. This chapter uses Florida Legislative Investigation Committee interrogations as a guide to the queer geography of the region and explores some of the inventive ways that men took advantage of mobility in the search for sexual partners.
Emma Jones
Authors: Watkins Jerry T.
Published: September 2018

Economic expansion and ideas about the free market had a profound impact on what magazines and books could print as well as distribute, which meant that queer folk in far-flung places could gain access to information about homosexuality, civil rights activity, and identity-based discourses. They could become part of the national imagined community of gays and lesbians. In Pensacola, “adopted brothers” and lifelong lovers Ray and Henry Hillyer had a desire to keep abreast of the latest news and other homosexual happenings. The started a small book club in their home under the cover of a non-descript name Emma Jones that by 1974 had grown into a weekend-long convention with beach parties and patriotic drag shows at the San Carlos Hotel that drew thousands to the beaches of Pensacola. When queer visibility threatened Pensacola tourism, bars were raided, arrests were made, and Emma’s party was cancelled. Partying does not always lead to political action, but creating a space for gay men and lesbians to feel at ease with themselves is a profoundly political act. By deploying their bodies and their dollars, the Emma Jones Society established an LGBT presence in “The Sunshine State.”
The Daily Lives of Early Archaic Foragers in the Mid-South
Authors: Hollenbach Kandace D. , Carmody Stephen B.
Published: September 2018

This chapter is a narrative-based construction of a seasonal year using various archaeological datasets, with a focus on subsistence. The authors approach the fictional interpretation of the past from the framework of human behavioral ecology, which they find particularly useful in everyday research because it focuses on the decisions of individuals – specifically those decisions that result in the everyday actions from which the archaeological record is constructed. By imagining the daily, seasonal activities through the eyes of a young girl, they give those individuals identities and begin to think about the social relationships among earlier Archaic peoples and the landscapes that are rooted in economic relationships.
Mound Building as Daily Practice
Authors: Kidder Tristam R. , Sherwood Sarah C.
Published: September 2018

This chapter reconsiders monumental architecture as everyday, both for people in the past and archaeologists today. Since the authors see sediments as evidence akin to artifacts, they assert that it is capable of being interpreted in many of the same ways. How a mound site is prepared; where the earth comes from; how it was moved; and the ways it was built up, shaped, packed down, and repaired are all important considerations for understanding not just the engineering of the mounds (and make no mistake, the native mound builders were sophisticated earthen engineers) but also the organization and mobilization of labor; the deployment of resources; and the social, cultural, and symbolic values of the builders. Born out of the natural landscape and created as a central places in the cultural landscape, mounds were essential parts of everyday routines, planning, and memory.
Introduction
Authors: Bakken Børge
Published: September 2018

Børge Bakken explains that the Party ideology of the “Chinese Dream” is not the alleged dream of the people as presented by the propaganda, but rather the dream of the emperor. The “Dream” is instead building on a strategy of “betting on the strong”. Inequality in China as measured by the Gini coefficient of relative income differences has reached world top levels, making China one of the most unequal societies in the world today. It is virtually impossible for poor migrants to achieve any kind of prosperity under circumstances disfavouring them. In coping with this problem, the poor and the destitute employ illegal strategies and employ certain “weapons of the weak” in order to cope with the strain created by the unequal framework they are operating within.
Returning Home with Glory
Authors: Williams Michael
Published: September 2018

Returning Home with Glory highlights the importance of return and home in the history of the connections established and maintained between villagers in the Pearl River Delta and various Pacific ports from the time of the Californian and Australian gold rushes to the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Conventional scholarship on Chinese migration tends to privilege nation-state factors or concepts that are dependent on national boundaries. Such approaches are more concerned with the migrants’ settlement in the destination country, downplaying the awkward fact that the majority of the overseas Chinese (huaqiao) originally intended to (and eventually did) return to their home villages (qiaoxiang). By going back to the basics and considering the strong influences exerted by family and home village on those who travelled a better appreciation of how and why communities in southern China developed a unique Pacific linked pattern can be achieved. This work also gives a voice to those who never left their villages (women in particular). Designed as a single case study, this work presents detailed research based on the villages of the Long Du district (near Zhongshan City in Guangdong Province), as well as the three major destinations—Sydney, San Francisco, and Honolulu— of the huaqiao who came from this region. Out of this analysis of what truly mattered to the villagers, the choices they had and made, and what constituted success and failure in their lives, a sympathetic portrayal of the huaqiao emerges.
The Border-Guard View
Authors: Williams Michael
Published: September 2018

This chapter discusses in detail that much of the histories of the Chinese overseas have been based on what can be called “border-guard views”. That is to say, they are founded on assumptions of one-way entry, migration, settlement, and assimilation. Such views neglect, it is argued here, not only those who returned to their qiaoxiang, but those who never left, and those who had the capacity to make choices between the two. A review of the many histories of the overseas Chinese is provided and their theoretical foundations discussed. This is followed by a look at the development of an alternative to such perspectives usually centered on the nation-state, an alternative labeled here a “qiaoxiang perspective”.
Consumption
Authors: Stuckey G. Andrew
Published: September 2018

Tsai Ming-liang’s 2003 Goodbye, Dragon Inn depicts a nearly vacant cinema screening King Hu’s martial arts film Dragon Gate Inn (1967) on its last night of business. The film’s composition of the theatre, empty and decaying, marks it as a haunted house, and the few people present as ghosts lingering nostalgically lamenting the theatre’s impending closure. “Consumption,” thus, offers a reading of Goodbye, Dragon Inn attending to the intertextual invocation of Dragon Gate Inn as well as the metacinematic focus of the theatre and its operation through the lens of horror film generic conventions. The ghosts populating the theatre present an alternative temporality that values and seeks to preserve the past. Yet the anomie infecting them, characteristically of Tsai’s films, prevents anything more than a temporary nostalgia that cannot adequately establish the past as a viable temporal mode. In the end, the theatre closes and the ghosts disperse.
True Lies
Authors: Stuckey G. Andrew
Published: September 2018

“True Lies” focuses on the truth claims inherent in the act of narrating a story. Through linked close readings of Jiang Wen’s In the Heat of the Sun (1994) and Lou Ye’s Suzhou River (2000), we see that the authority of the mostly unseen narrators for each of these films is in no way diminished by their free admissions of making it all up. Instead, it is the affective response elicited by these stories that is their central concern. Moreover, both films dramatize the metacinema of consumption, and thus, mark the affective power of film to move audiences to take up new ways of being in the world.
Wang Tao in Hong Kong and the Chinese “Other”
Authors: Sinn Elizabeth
Published: September 2018

Wang Tao, a prominent member of the Chinese literati, arrived in Hong Kong in 1862 and found it a baffling place, inhabited not only by foreigners but also by southern Chinese, who were (in his view) uncivilized, unable to speak his dialect and possessing weird tastes in food. Merchants, who belonged to an inferior class in China, played a prominent role in society, flaunting their wealth and status with little restraint, funding charitable works, claiming political influence over the colonial government and earning respect from officials in China and Chinese overseas. During his 20 or more years in Hong Kong Wang Tao came to terms with the colony. He made history by founding the first Chinese-language newspaper, the Xunhuan ribao. He came to appreciate the different versions of Chineseness that had at first bewildered him, and molded new versions of Chineseness out of this jumbled assortment of Chinese identity.
From Dried Seafood to Instant Ramen
Authors: Nakano Yoshiko
Published: September 2018

This chapter provides an example of how imported foods become integrated into Hong Kong life through the work of cultural intermediaries. Hong Kong is now the biggest market outside Japan for Japanese food items – far greater even than the United States, with a population 40 times that of Hong Kong’s. Using Demae Iccho instant noodles as an example, the chapter shows how a transnational Chinese merchant family in Kobe, using existing Chinese networks for distributing dried seafood, played an indispensable role in the process of diffusing the product in Hong Kong from 1969 onwards.
Introduction
Authors: Van Dyke Paul A. , Wills John E.
Published: September 2018

Between 1750 and 1840, the world became more prosperous, more crowded, and more interconnected. State-centred patterns of distribution of resources, which were typical of many forms of empire and of the mercantilist orders of early modern Europe, were destabilized by these changes. New orders that gave more scope to private initiatives, including the new nations in the Americas and the new forms of organization, consumption, and production in Great Britain and its colonies, grew rapidly....
‘Money, Credit, and Strong Friends’
Authors: Cox Thomas H.
Published: September 2018

Warren Delano represents a typical trader who needed more than moral integrity to keep him away from the opium trade. Arriving in Canton for the first time in 1834, Delano was lured to China by a commercial culture that unofficially tolerated opium smuggling. The openness of Canton in carrying out trade also proved to be its weakness, because before 1836, it was relatively easy to become involved in contraband. With substantial profits to be made and little risk of getting caught, employees of Russell and Company, as well as numerous others, had no reservations about participating in the trade. The change in Chinese and American attitudes toward the opium trade during the First Opium War forced Delano both to transform the ways in which he did business and to relocate his enterprises to Macao in the early 1840s. He also learned over time to pursue a career that combined ambition with personal connections and the ability to navigate amongst informal kinship- and friendship-based networks. Delano returned to the United States to live in 1846, but after years of financial success, was ruined by the Panic of 1857. He returned to China in 1860 and amassed a new fortune through trading tea, porcelain, and, at times, opium. In 1866, having made a second fortune, he returned permanently to the United States.
Overture
Authors: Fan Xing
Published: September 2018

The author refutes the flawed assumption that artistry was sacrificed to politics, or that there is not much art left, in model works. The author situates the study of model jingju at the intersection of three contexts: historic, comprising its original form—the jingju that originated in the late eighteenth century—and its revolutionary trajectory under the CCP from the Yan’an period (1935–1947) to the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976); artistic, encompassing the artistic choices in the five major aspects—playwriting, acting, music, design, and directing—and their practical application in mounting the final productions; and aesthetic, addressing the interrelation and interaction among the major artistic aspects which produce and define model jingju’s style, including its conformity to and deviation from the aesthetic principles of jingju. The author calls for close attention to practitioners and their lived experience of creating model jingju.