bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Chemo‐ and Regioselectivity‐Tunable Pd‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of Imines.
Authors: Chen Jian‐Ping , Peng Qian , Lei Bai‐Lin , Hou Xue‐Long , Wu Yun‐Dong
Published: January 2012

The chemo‐ and regioselectivity in the Pd‐catalyzed allylic alkylation can be tuned by using bases with different counterions.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Alkenes via Hydroamination of Alkynes and C—H Acetoxylation.
Authors: Liu Weibing , Chen Cui , Zhang Qing
Published: January 2012

The synthesis of tetrasubstituted (E)‐alkenes by hydroamination of alkynes and subsequent diacetoxyiodobenzene mediated acylation and isomerization is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Amino Esters with Unprecedented High (E)‐Stereoselectivity and Their Conformational Analysis in Peptides.
Authors: Mali Sachitanand M. , Bandyopadhyay Anupam , Jadhav Sandip V. , Kumar Mothukuri Ganesh , Gopi Hosahudya N.
Published: January 2012

The synthesis of α,β‐unsaturated γ‐amino esters using Wittig reaction is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Proline‐Based Reduced Dipeptides as Recyclable and Highly Enantioselective Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Michael Addition.
Authors: Cao Xiaohui , Wang Ge , Zhang Richeng , Wei Yingying , Wang Wei , Sun Huichao , Chen Ligong
Published: January 2012

A new family of organocatalysts is prepared and used to promote highly efficient asymmetric Michael addition reactions of ketones and aldehydes to nitroolefins.
ChemInform Abstract: Coupling of ortho‐Substituted Aryl Chlorides with Bulky Amides.
Authors: Falk Florian C. , Froehlich Roland , Paradies Jan
Published: January 2012

Voluminous amides such as (II) and (VIII) are coupled with deactivated, sterically hindered aryl chlorides (I), (IV) and (VII) in high yields providing products (III), (VI) and (IX) which are not efficiently accessible by transition metal catalysis so far.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitropyridines. Part 11. Recyclization of Quaternary Nitropyridinium Salts into Substituted Nitroanilines.
Authors: Garkushenko A. K. , Poendaev N. V. , Vorontsova M. A. , Sagitullina G. P.
Published: January 2012

The synthesis of nitronilines by recyclization of nitropyridinium salts is studied and the differences in the behavior of 3‐, 5‐, and 4‐nitropyridinium compounds are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α,α‐Disubstituted Aryl Amines by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Amination of Tertiary Allylic Trichloroacetimidates.
Authors: Arnold Jeffrey S. , Cizio Gregory T. , Nguyen Hien M.
Published: January 2012

The formation of the desired products is accompanied by little or trace amounts of linear amines such as (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium Diamine Catalyst for the Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones.
Authors: Vazquez‐Villa Henar , Reber Stefan , Ariger Martin A. , Carreira Erick M.
Published: January 2012

A chiral aqua iridium(III) diamine complex is used in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of various α‐cyano and α‐nitro ketones to afford the corresponding optically active alcohols with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Induction by (S)‐4‐Isopropyl‐1‐phenylimidazolidin‐2‐thione in Titanium‐Mediated Aldol Reactions and Its Application in Enantioselective Synthesis of (R)‐Baclofen.
Authors: Khatik Gopal L. , Khurana Ravi , Kumar Varun , Nair Vipin A.
Published: January 2012

The efficiency of the chiral auxiliary is investigated and the utility of the method is demonstrated by the synthesis of (R)‐baclofen (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Diazaphospholane as an Efficient Ligand for Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Thiols with Aryl Iodides.
Authors: Yang Minghua , Pei Ji , Yan Guobing , Zheng Yunfa
Published: January 2012

The use of an air‐stable diazaphospholane as ligand for the copper‐catalyzed coupling of aryl iodides with thiols is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Copper‐Induced Coupling Between NH‐Fluoroalkylated Sulfoximines and Aryl Iodides or Bromides.
Authors: Mace Yohan , Pegot Bruce , Guillot Regis , Bournaud Chloee , Toffano Martial , Vo‐Thanh Giang , Magnier Emmanuel
Published: January 2012

An efficient synthesis of fluorinated N‐aryl sulfoximines (III) and (VI) is presented, involving the copper‐catalyzed N‐arylation of the corresponding sulfoximines (I) and (IV), resp., with aryl iodides or bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroamination/‐amidation of 1,3‐Diynes with Indoles/Azoles/Amides under Modified Ullmann Conditions: Stereo‐ and Regioselective Synthesis of N‐Alkenynes via N—H Bond Activation.
Authors: Gupta Sahaj , Agarwal Piyush K. , Saifuddin Mohammad , Kundu Bijoy
Published: January 2012

Reaction of diynes (II) and (XII) with indoles and azoles proceeds regioselectively to form mixtures of the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Waste‐Free Catalytic Propargylation/Allenylation of Aryl and Heteroaryl Nucleophiles and Synthesis of Naphthopyrans.
Authors: McCubbin J. Adam , Nassar Costa , Krokhin Oleg V.
Published: January 2012

The reaction of electron‐rich heterocycles and electron‐rich arenes is examined with different di‐ and trisubstituted propargylic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: The [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Ethynylated 2H‐Cyclohepta[b]furan‐2‐ones with 2,3‐Dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone.
Authors: Shoji Taku , Higashi Junya , Ito Shunji , Yasunami Masafumi , Morita Noboru
Published: January 2012

Ethynylated heteroazulenes (II) react with DDQ (I) in a formal [2+2]cycloaddition reaction to provide the stable DDQ adducts(III) in good yields, although some electron‐rich arene‐substituted substrates do not afford the presumed cycloaddition products.
ChemInform Abstract: Systematic Synthesis and Characterization of a Series of Tetra(5‐aryl‐2‐thienyl)thiophenes.
Authors: Muraoka Hiroki , Tanifuji Takanori , Ogawa Satoshi
Published: January 2012

Aryl‐functionalized tetrathienylthiophenes (IV) are synthesized via selective lithiation/bromination and subsequent Suzuki—Miyaura coupling of key intermediate (II) with arylboronic acids (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Michael Additions of C‐Succinimidyl Esters to Nitro Olefins Using Cinchonine‐Derived Bifunctional Organocatalysts.
Authors: Jakubec Pavol , Cockfield Dane M. , Hynes Peter S. , Cleator Ed , Dixon Darren J.
Published: January 2012

The screening of a library of 9‐amino(9‐deoxy)epicinchonine derivatives (11 examples) presents thiourea CIN as the most reactive and enantioselective catalyst, although a number of the other catalysts are nearly suitable.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Catalyzed Direct Cyanation of Indoles and Pyrroles with N‐Cyano‐N‐phenyl‐p‐toluenesulfonamide(NCTS).
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo
Published: January 2012

The process is successful for various indole and pyrrole substrates in the presence of catalytic or stoichiometric amounts of BF3·OEt2.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Visible Light‐Mediated Radical Cyclization—Divinylcyclopropane Rearrangement to Tricyclic Pyrrolidinones.
Authors: Tucker Joseph W. , Stephenson Corey R. J.
Published: January 2012

Partial reduction of product (IIa) provides the pyrrole (III); unprotected lactams like (IV) are generated by removal of the propargyl group.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Aerobic Synthesis of 3‐Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex‐2‐enes and 4‐Carbonylpyrroles from N‐Allyl/Propargyl Enamine Carboxylates.
Authors: Toh Kah Kah , Wang Yi‐Feng , Ng Eileen Pei Jian , Chiba Shunsuke
Published: January 2012

N‐Allyl enamine carboxylates are applied to the copper‐promoted reaction to give 3‐azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex‐2‐enes with complete diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Trisubstituted Pyrazoles via Multicomponent Approach.
Authors: Santhosh P. , Chunduru V. S. R. , Rao V. Rajeswar
Published: January 2012

A novel one‐pot multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of 1‐aryloxymethyl substituted pyrazoles (III) (12 examples) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some 3‐(5‐Chloro‐1,3‐diaryl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐1‐arylprop‐2‐en‐1‐ones and 1,5‐Bis(5‐chloro‐1,3‐diaryl‐1H pyrazol‐4‐yl)pent‐1,4‐diene‐3‐ones and Their Antimicrobial Activity.
Authors: Rani Archna , Jain Sapna , Dureja Prem , Kumar Rita , Kumar Anil
Published: January 2012

Some of the synthesized compounds show promising antimicrobial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of 5‐Aryl‐1H‐pyrazoles with Alkynes and Acrylates.
Authors: Li Xingwei , Zhao Miao
Published: January 2012

The reaction with alkynes provides new tricyclic compounds of type (III), (V), and (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Unsubstituted 2‐Arylpyrazolo[1,5‐a]benzimidazoles from 1‐Benzylideneamino‐2‐methylbenzimidazole and the Role of Acylotropic and Acylotropic‐Prototropic Isomerization.
Authors: Kuz'menko T. A. , Divaeva L. N. , Morkovnik A. S.
Published: January 2012

The title compounds (IV) are obtained for the first time starting from 2‐methylbenzimidazole (I) by benzoylation of the methyl group followed by cyclization of the resulting vinyl acylates (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Catalyzed Heine Reaction.
Authors: Martin Allen , Casto Kathleen , Morris William , Morgan Jeremy B.
Published: January 2012

Oxazolines (V) are formed as a single regioisomer in all cases and the aziridine (VIII) rearranges without any loss of optical purity.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Polysubstituted Aluminoisoxazoles and Pyrazoles by a Metalative Cyclization.
Authors: Jackowski Olivier , Lecourt Thomas , Micouin Laurent
Published: January 2012

Since only sterically hindered nitrile oxides such as (I) are stable for further transformations, hydroximoyl substrates are used instead.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rapid, Catalyst‐Free, Three‐Component Synthesis of Rhodanines in Water Using Ultrasound.
Authors: Rostamnia Sadegh , Lamei Kamran
Published: January 2012

A novel procedure is developed for the high‐yielding synthesis of rhodanine derivatives which are of pharmaceutical interest.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Rearrangement: A Novel Route to 3‐Thiazoline.
Authors: Liu Yingrui , Zhao Baoxiang , Li Yonghai , Zheng Liangwen , Liu Jinting
Published: January 2012

The attempt to prepare 1,4‐thiazine products is unsuccessful and the title compounds are formed instead via a rearrangement process.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of a New Class of Methyleneamine‐Linked Bis‐Heterocycles.
Authors: Reddy A. Babul , Hymavathi R. V. , Chandrasekhar T. , Naveen M. , Swamy G. Narayana
Published: January 2012

Compound (IIIc) shows activity against P.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Catalyst: Silica Sulfuric Acid Catalyzed Synthesis of 9,10‐Dihydro‐12‐aryl‐8H‐benzo[α]xanthen‐11(12H)‐one Derivatives under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Nazeruddin G. M. , Pandharpatte Mahesh S. , Mulani Khudbudin B.
Published: January 2012

The title compounds (IV) are obtained by three‐component condensation reaction of β‐naphthol, cyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, and aromatic aldehydes using silica sulfuric acid as an efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of Aminopyridinecarboxylic Acids.
Authors: Okamoto Iwao , Terashima Masayuki , Yoshioka Rempei , Muramatsu Tomonori , Kojima Satomi , Inoue Haruka , Takahashi Mio , Morita Nobuyoshi , Tamura Osamu
Published: January 2012

Monoamination of dibromopyridines (I) and (VIII) followed by carbonylation and subsequent hydrolysis of methyl esters (VI) and (X) furnish (alkylamino)pyridinecarboxylic acids (VII) and (XI) in satisfactory to good yields, though the 3,5‐dibromopyridine (VIII) reacts more slowly.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐(Azulen‐1‐yl) Six‐Membered Heteroaromatics Substituted with Thiophen‐2‐yl or Furan‐2‐yl Moieties in 2 and 6 Positions.
Authors: Razus Alexandru C. , Birzan Liviu , Cristea Mihaela , Tecuceanu Victorita , Hanganu Anamaria , Enache Cristian
Published: January 2012

The compounds (IV) and (V) are intensely colored.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Heterocyclic 2,6‐Bis(substituted)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazolo‐, Oxadiazolo‐, and Oxathiazolidino‐Pyridine Derivatives from 2,6‐Pyridine Dicarboxylic Acid Dihydrazide.
Authors: Ghozlan Said A. S. , Al‐Omar Mohammed A. , Amr Abd El‐Galil E. , Ali Korany A. , El‐Wahab Ahmed A. Abd
Published: January 2012

The new compounds are screened for their antimicrobial activity against the Gram‐positive bacteria B.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,5‐Diaroylpyridines.
Authors: Garkushenko K. , Makarova M. A. , Sorokina O. P. , Poendaev N. V. , Vorontsova M. A. , Sagitullina G. P.
Published: January 2012

Previously unknown symmetrical 3,5‐diaroylpyridines (IV) are synthesized according to a modified Hantzsch reaction followed by an oxidation step.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐(2‐Methylthiopyridin‐3‐yl)‐3‐oxopropionic Esters.
Authors: Zubarev A. A. , Zav'yalova V. K. , Shestopalov A. M.
Published: January 2012

Hydrolysis of 3‐amino‐3‐(2‐methylthiopyridinyl)propenoic esters (III), obtained by the Blaise reaction, provides access to the corresponding β‐keto carboxylic esters (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Green Synthesis and Characterization of Novel α‐Acyloxycarboxamides Through Three‐Component Reaction Between Pyridine Carbaldehydes, Cyclohexyl Isocyanide, and Benzoic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Vessally Esmail , Ramazani Ali , Yaaghubi Elham
Published: January 2012

Novel α‐acyloxycarboxamides (IV) (15 examples) are synthesized via Passerini reaction in water.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Novel Synthetic Methodologies. Part 226. Organic Reactions in Water: A Distinct Approach for the Synthesis of Quinoline Derivatives Starting Directly from Nitroarenes.
Authors: Das Biswanath , Jangili Paramesh , Kashanna Jajula , Kumar Rathod Aravind
Published: January 2012

The biologically interesting quinoline skeleton is readily available in good to excellent yield and functional groups including halogens remain unaffected.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Three‐Component Synthesis of Hexahydroquinoline Derivatives in Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Wang Ju‐Xian , Shen Gao‐Ling , Shi Da‐Qing
Published: January 2012

The reaction is conducted under environmentally benign conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Furo[2,3‐b]pyridine.
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Tai Hang‐Yi
Published: January 2012

Two new synthetic methodologies for producing furopyridine (V) are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Novel Polycycles Based on the 3H‐Pyrrolo/6,7‐dihydropyrido[1,2‐a]indole Scaffold as Templates for Pharmaceutical Development.
Authors: Derudas Marco , Pala Nicolino , Sanna Vanna , Dallocchio Roberto , Dessi Alessandro , Roggio Anna Maria , Sechi Mario
Published: January 2012

The DNA‐binding properties of (VIa) are investigated by viscometric titration, revealing a potential intercalating activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Benzimidazole Derivatives Carrying Quinoline Moiety.
Authors: Gowda Janardhana , Khader A. M. A. , Kalluraya Balakrishna , Hidayathulla Syed
Published: January 2012

A series of 2‐(1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐substituted thienoquinolines (III) is obtained in a one‐step process in which benzimidazole (II) undergoes a nucleophilic substitution and cyclization with 2‐chloroquinoline‐3‐carbaldehydes (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of 5‐Aryl(alkyl)sulfanyl‐1,10‐phenanthrolines from 5,6‐Epoxy‐5,6‐dihydro‐1,10‐phenanthroline, and Their Activity Towards Fungal β‐D‐Glycosidases.
Authors: Dotsenko Irina A. , Curtis Matthew , Samoshina Nataliya M. , Samoshin Vyacheslav V.
Published: January 2012

Base‐mediated reaction of epoxydihydrophenanthroline (I) with various thiols proceeds with subsequent dehydration to give title organylsulfanylphenanthrolines, e.g. (III), (V), (VII), in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Immobilized Cu(I) on Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Material: An Effective and Reusable Catalyst for Biginelli Reaction.
Authors: Zhang Xiao L. , Wang Min , Wang Lei
Published: January 2012

A functionalized silica‐supported Cu(I) complex efficiently catalyzes the Biginelli reaction of aromatic aldehydes, β‐keto esters and urea or thiourea.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Synthesis of Spiro[indoline‐3,5′‐pyrimido[4,5‐b]quinoline]‐triones in Water.
Authors: Jadidi Khosrow , Ghahremanzadeh Ramin , Mirzaei Peiman , Bazgir Ayoob
Published: January 2012

The stable title compounds (IV) are synthesized via an efficient, simple, and convenient one‐pot method, which includes the use of an inexpensive catalyst and an easy work‐up.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis and Characterization of New 3‐Aryl‐7‐trifluoromethyl‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidines.
Authors: Zanatta Nilo , Amaral Simone S. , dos Santos Josiane M. , Fernandes Liana da S. , Bonacorso Helio G. , Martins Marcos A. P.
Published: January 2012

A simple method for the synthesis of the title compounds (II) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of a New Heterocyclic System — 7,8‐Dihydroimidazo[1,2‐c][1,3]thiazolo[4,5‐e]pyrimidine.
Authors: Kozachenko A. P. , Shablykin O. V. , Vasilenko A. N. , Chernega A. N. , Brovarets V. S.
Published: January 2012

The preparation of 7‐thioxoimidazo[1,2‐c]pyrimidines (III) and their regioselective intramolecular condensation furnishing products (IV) are described for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Original Microwave‐Assisted Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction in the 4H‐Pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐one Series.
Authors: Kabri Youssef , Crozet Maxime D. , Szabo Remi , Vanelle Patrice
Published: January 2012

A generally operating procedure is developed for the Pd‐catalyzed coupling of boronic acids with 3‐iodo substituted pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐one (I).
ChemInform Abstract: A Comprehensive Study of the Heterocyclizations of N‐Arylmaleimides and 6‐Aminouracils.
Authors: Rudenko Roman V. , Komykhov Sergey A. , Desenko Sergey M. , Sen'ko Yulia V. , Shishkin Oleg V. , Konovalova Irina S. , Shishkina Svetlana V. , Chebanov Valentin A.
Published: January 2012

A simple procedure in suitable solvents allows the selective synthesis of pyrimidopyridone products.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Halo Derivatives of 4H‐Pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐ones.
Authors: Molnar Annamaria , Kapros Anita , Parkanyi Laszlo , Mucsi Zoltan , Vlad Gabor , Hermecz Istvan
Published: January 2012

The reactivity of chloro, bromo, and iodo substituents at different positions on the pyridopyrimidinone skeleton in Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 2,6‐Substituted Aromatic Aminopurine Derivatives.
Authors: Lu Hong‐Fei , Zhang Liang‐Ze , Wu Ding‐Ming , Zhou Jun‐Tao
Published: January 2012

The conversion of (IV) to (V) can also be conducted in the presence of HCl or AlCl3.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]pyrazines and Pyrazino[1,2‐a]indoles by Curtius Reaction in Morita—Baylis—Hillman Derivatives.
Authors: Nayak Maloy , Pandey Garima , Batra Sanjay
Published: January 2012

Key feature of the synthesis of title pyrrolopyrazine scaffolds is the Curtius reaction of formylpyrrolyl‐substituted acids to generate an isocyanate, which is directly cyclized in the presence of formic acid [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐6H‐1‐oxa‐3a‐aza‐phenalene and Its Benzo/Hetero‐Fused Analogue.
Authors: Mizar Pushpak , Hormi Mecadon , Rajbangshi Mantu , Myrboh Bekington
Published: January 2012

The title compounds, e.g. (VIII) and (XIV), are prepared using benzoxazines and α‐oxoketene dithio‐acetals.
ChemInform Abstract: First Synthesis of Medium‐Sized Ring Allenyl Lactams.
Authors: Perscheid Moritz , Schollmeyer Dieter , Nubbemeyer Udo
Published: January 2012

The synthesis is based on ring‐expansion via a zwitterionic aza‐Claisen rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Pictet—Spengler‐Type Reaction for the Synthesis of Optically Active Indolo[3,4‐cd][1]benzazepines.
Authors: Cheng Dao‐Juan , Wu Hai‐Bian , Tian Shi‐Kai
Published: January 2012

Compared to the conventional process, the aldehyde substrates are replaced by an imine.
ChemInform Abstract: Towards High Efficiency Solid Emitters with Aggregation‐Induced Emission and Electron‐Transport Characteristics
Authors: Yuan Wang Zhang , Chen Shuming , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Deng Chunmei , Lu Ping , Sung Herman H.‐Y. , Williams Ian D. , Kwok Hoi Sing , Zhang Yongming , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: January 2012

synthesis and characterization of the new bluish‐green emitter (I) with aggregation‐induced emission activity and excellent electron‐transport properties
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Synthesis of α‐(Substituted Methyl)vinylphosphonates.
Authors: Garzon Cecile , Attolini Mireille , Maffei Michel
Published: January 2012

DABCO‐promoted substitution of the O‐Boc moiety in the vinylphosphonate (I) with N‐ or C‐nucleophiles permits the efficient synthesis of the synthetically important title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a New Class of Phosphinic Acids: Synthesis of Novel Four‐Membered Cyclic Oxaphosphetanes by Intramolecular Mitsunobu Reaction of Bis(α‐hydroxyalkyl)phosphinic Acids.
Authors: Kaboudin Babak , Haghighat Hamideh , Yokomatsu Tsutomu
Published: January 2012

The reaction is stereoselective and successful, if aryl‐substituted substrates are used.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinidine Thiourea‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Nitrophosphonates: Beneficial Effects of Molecular Sieves.
Authors: Abbaraju Santhi , Bhanushali Mayur , Zhao Cong‐Gui
Published: January 2012

The quinidine‐thiourea‐catalyzed asymmetric Michael addition of diphenylphosphite towards β‐nitroolefins is significantly improved by filtration of diphenylphosphite through molecular sieves and addition of molecular sieves to the reaction mixture.
ChemInform Abstract: Selectivity in Reduction of Natural Furanoheliangolides with Stryker′s Reagent.
Authors: Sass Daiane C. , Heleno Vladimir C. G. , Morais Gustavo O. , Lopes Joao L. C. , Lopes Norberto P. , Constantino Mauricio G.
Published: January 2012

Natural sesquiterpene lactones (I) and (IV), and the ether derivatives (VII) and (X) are chemoselectively reduced through a biomimetic pathway affording eremantholides (II) and (V), and the corresponding derivatives (VIII) and (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Behavior of Methylidenetriphenylphosphorane in Reactions with Seven‐Membered Lactols.
Authors: Ishmuratov G. Yu. , Vydrina V. A. , Yakovleva M. P. , Valeeva E. F. , Muslukhov R. R. , Tolstikov G. A.
Published: January 2012

Methylidenetriphenylphosphorane can act as reducing agent in reactions with seven‐membered lactols or their aluminates furnishing diols such as (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Cu(I)/BINAP‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Approach to Functionalized Pyroglutamate Derivatives Bearing a Unique Quaternary Stereogenic Center.
Authors: Teng Huai‐Long , Luo Fei‐Long , Tao Hai‐Yan , Wang Chun‐Jiang
Published: January 2012

The tandem Micheal addition—elimination [ ‐< conditions A)] is followed by deprotection [‐< conditions B)] and lactamization [‐< conditions C)].
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of New C‐Furyl Glycosides Bearing Substituted 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles.
Authors: El‐Sayed Wael A. , Abbas Hebat‐Allah S. , Mohamed Ashraf M. , Abdel‐Rahman Adel A.‐H.
Published: January 2012

All compounds are screened for their antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas sp., B.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the ABH Rings of Ecteinascidin 597 Using a Connective Pummerer‐Type Cyclization.
Authors: Smith Laura H. S. , Nguyen Trung Thanh , Sneddon Helen F. , Procter David J.
Published: January 2012

A connective Pummerer‐type cyclization involving a N‐protected glyoxamide (I) and a cysteine derivative (II) is applied to an asymmetric synthesis of the protected ABH rings of ecteinascidin 597.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Symmetry of Low‐dimensional Multiferroics and Ferroelastics
Authors: Saxena Avadh , Lookman Turab
Published: January 2012

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Mo—Ni—Re (Molybdenum‐Nickel‐Rhenium) System
Authors: Gupta K. P.
Published: January 2012

Review: 3 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Al—Nb—Ti (Aluminum‐Niobium‐Titanium)
Authors: Raghavan V.
Published: January 2012

Review: phase equilibria; 6 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Al—Ir—Ni (Aluminum‐Iridium‐Nickel)
Authors: Raghavan V.
Published: January 2012

Review: phase equilibria; 6 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Research Progress of Nanostructured Materials for Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Yu Xuehua , Hu Yucai , Zhou Li , Cao Fengjing , Yang Yingxia , Liang Tao , He Junhui
Published: January 2012

Review: 107 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Approaches to Catalysis
Authors: Boronat Mercedes , Corma Avelino
Published: January 2012

Review: catalysis of reactions in which oxygen plays a crucial role by <2 nm sized golnanoparticles; 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Functional Mixed Metal—Organic Frameworks with Metalloligands.
Authors: Das Madhab C. , Xiang Shengchang , Zhang Zhangjing , Chen Banglin
Published: January 2012

Review: about 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition Reactions: A Controlled Approach for Carbon Nanotube Functionalization
Authors: Kumar Indresh , Rana Sravendra , Cho Jae Whan
Published: January 2012

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Cycloaddition of Carbonyl Ylides as a Strategy for Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Padwa Albert
Published: January 2012

Review: 155 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Methods. Part 2. Oxidation and Reduction Methods
Authors: Asghar Syeda Farina , Lewis Simon E.
Published: January 2012

Review: 252 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Interpolymer Combinations of Chemically Complementary Grades of Eudragit Copolymers: A New Direction in the Design of Peroral Solid Dosage Forms of Drug Delivery Systems with Controlled Release
Authors: Mustafin R. I.
Published: January 2012

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Active‐Latent Thioglycosyl Donors and Acceptors in Oligosaccharide Syntheses
Authors: Shiao Tze Chieh , Roy Rene
Published: January 2012

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Armed—Disarmed Effects in Carbohydrate Chemistry: History, Synthetic and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Fraser‐Reid Bert , Lopez J. Cristobal
Published: January 2012

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Synthesis of Alkaloids Derived from Tyrosine: The Case of FR‐901483 and TAN‐1251 Compounds
Authors: Liang Huan , Ciufolini Marco A.
Published: January 2012

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered Heterocycles: Benzofuran and Related Systems
Authors: Wu Jie
Published: January 2012

Review: 198 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Compounds from Schiff Bases of Campholenic Aldehyde Using Sodium Borohydride Reduction
Authors: Sharma G. V. R. , Someswara Reddy K.
Published: January 2012

Review: 17 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Surgery Toward Organic Synthesis of Endohedral Fullerenes
Authors: Murata Michihisa , Murata Yasujiro , Komatsu Koichi
Published: January 2012

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Catalyzed Acyl Anion Reactions
Authors: Vora Harit U. , Rovis Tomislav
Published: January 2012

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Novel Atropisomeric Compounds Having an N—C Chiral Axis and Their Application to Asymmetric Reaction
Authors: Takahashi Masashi , Kitagawa Osamu
Published: January 2012

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Fluoroacetylene Compounds to Organic Synthesis
Authors: Hanamoto Takeshi
Published: January 2012

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Halichlorine
Authors: Kibayashi Chihiro , Aoyagi Takae
Published: January 2012

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal or No Metal: That Is the Question!
Authors: Schwarz Michael Schwarz Michael , Reiser Oliver
Published: January 2012

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Conjugated Macrocycles: Concepts and Applications
Authors: Iyoda Masahiko , Yamakawa Jun , Rahman M. Jalilur
Published: January 2012

Review: [about 200 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorinated Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging; a Review of Recent Developments
Authors: Knight James C. , Edwards Peter G. , Paisey Stephen J.
Published: January 2012

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Reduction of Carbonyls and Olefins
Authors: Le Bailly Bryden A. F. , Thomas Stephen P.
Published: January 2012

Review: about 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Construction of Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles Utilizing CN Functional Groups and Its Application to the Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Kobayashi Yusuke
Published: January 2012

Review: 30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Understanding and Modulating Indolyne Regioselectivities
Authors: Bronner Sarah M. , Goetz Adam E. , Garg Neil K.
Published: January 2012

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Heterocycles by Cyclization Reactions of Oxime and Hydrazone 1,4‐Dianions
Authors: Dang Tuan Thanh , Dang Tung Thanh , Langer Peter
Published: January 2012

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Built‐In 5‐Aminooxazole as an Internal Activator of the Terminal Carboxylic Acid: An Alternative Access to Macrocyclodepsipeptides
Authors: Zhu Jieping
Published: January 2012

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,4‐Phenylene‐bridged Bis‐Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Shaker Raafat M.
Published: January 2012

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclizations of Alkynes: Revisiting Baldwin′s Rules for Ring Closure
Authors: Gilmore Kerry , Alabugin Igor V.
Published: January 2012

Review: 397 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Adventure in Asymmetric Hydrogenation: Synthesis of Chiral Phosphorus Ligands and Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Heteroaromatics
Authors: Hu Xiang‐Ping , Wang Duo‐Sheng , Yu Chang‐Bin , Zhou Yong‐Gui , Zheng Zhuo
Published: January 2012

Review: 129 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Reactions with Trisoxazolines
Authors: Zhou Jian , Tang Yong
Published: January 2012

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Simulation of EPR Spectra
Authors: Misra Sushil K.
Published: January 2012

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multifrequency EPR Sensitivity
Authors: Rinard George A. , Quine Richard W. , Eaton Sandra S. , Eaton Gareth R.
Published: January 2012

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multiarm EPR Spectroscopy at Multiple Microwave Frequencies: Multiquantum (MQ) EPR, MQ—ELDOR, Saturation Recovery (SR) EPR, and SR—ELDOR
Authors: Hyde James S. , Strangeway Robert A. , Camenisch Theodore G.
Published: January 2012

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Basic Theory of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
Authors: Misra Sushil K.
Published: January 2012

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multifrequency Aspects of EPR
Authors: Misra Sushil K.
Published: January 2012

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Introduction to EPR
Authors: Misra Sushil K.
Published: January 2012

Review: 43 refs.
Remarkable enantioselective α‐amination in 1‐phenyl‐2‐(n‐alkylamino)‐1‐propanol
Authors: Kumar Borkatte N. Hitesh , Murugesan Velayutham , Prakasam Tangirala , Srinivasan Pathangi S. , Ramana Devalla V.
Published: January 2012

(1R,2R)‐1‐Phenyl‐1‐alkyl/arylamino‐2‐(N‐alkylamino)propane hydrochloride salts have been synthesized with high degree of enantiomeric purity from (1S,2R)‐(+)‐1‐phenyl‐2‐(N‐alkylamino)‐1‐propanol through the corresponding chloro derivatives. This reaction sequence involves three inversions with overall inversion of configuration at C‐1. Chirality, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reductive Dechlorination of PCBs Using Photocatalyzed UV Light
Authors: Ghosh Jyoti P. , Achari Gopal , Langford Cooper H.
Published: January 2012

Feasibility of photocatalytic dechlorination of PCB‐138 and Aroclor‐1254 using platinum loaded TiO2 (P25) in an alkaline 2‐propanol medium has been investigated. Experiments were conducted in batch mode using a Rayonet photo‐reactor under aerated and deaerated conditions with black lamps emitting around 350 nm as light source. Two forms of platinum deposition were investigated: Photochemically loaded P25 as well as addition of potassium hexachloroplatinate into the reaction medium. Partial dechlorination of PCBs was observed after 7 h of irradiation with pure TiO2 as catalyst when the reaction vessel was kept open to air. Complete dechlorination was observed after 5 h of irradiation in a deaerated environment. Enhanced photocatalytic efficiency was observed when platinum deposited P25 was used as catalyst, with the best result being obtained when aqueous potassium hexachloroplatinate was added into the reaction medium. Lower potassium hexachloroplatinate concentration (0.1 mM) yielded better performance.
Lentil Straw: A Novel Adsorbent for Removing of Hazardous Dye – Sorption Behavior Studies
Authors: Çelekli Abuzer , Tanrıverdi Barış , Bozkurt Hüseyin
Published: January 2012

Sorption behavior of Lanaset Red (LR) G on lentil straw (LS) was studied as a function of particle size, adsorbent dose, initial pH value, initial dye concentration, and contact time. Sorption kinetics data was well described by logistic model. Modified logistic equation can be used to explain effects of initial dye concentrations and contact time on the sorption of LR G with high R2 value. Freundlich model was found to be excellent in representing the equilibrium data. Thermodynamic parameters like free energy (ΔG0), enthalpy (ΔH0), and entropy (ΔS0) were calculated by the use of Langmuir constant. Thermodynamic data showed that the sorption processes were spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Desorption process suggested that strong binding and weak interactions could be formed between adsorbent surface and dye molecules. Results revealed that LS has a remarkable potential for the sorption of LR G.
Oncologists should intervene
Authors: Dresler Carolyn M.
Published: January 2012

Cancer patients are often still smoking at the time of diagnosis. Cessation interventions may need to be tailored by cancer type.
A snapshot of smokers after lung and colorectal cancer diagnosis
Authors: Park Elyse R. , Japuntich Sandra J. , Rigotti Nancy A. , Traeger Lara , He Yulei , Wallace Robert B. , Malin Jennifer L. , Zallen Jennifer P. , Keating Nancy L.
Published: January 2012

BACKGROUND:

Continued smoking after a cancer diagnosis may adversely affect treatment effectiveness, subsequent cancer risk, and survival. The prevalence of continued smoking after cancer diagnosis is understudied.

METHODS:

In the multi‐regional Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance cohort (lung cancer [N = 2456], colorectal cancer [N = 3063]), the authors examined smoking rates at diagnosis and 5 months after diagnosis and also study factors associated with continued smoking.

RESULTS:

Overall, 90.2% of patients with lung cancer and 54.8% of patients with colorectal cancer reported ever smoking. At diagnosis, 38.7% of patients with lung cancer and 13.7% of patients with colorectal cancer were smoking; whereas, 5 months after diagnosis, 14.2% of patients with lung cancer and 9.0% of patients with colorectal cancer were smoking. Factors that were associated independently with continued smoking among patients with nonmetastatic lung cancer were coverage by Medicare, other public/unspecified insurance, not receiving chemotherapy, not undergoing surgery, prior cardiovascular disease, lower body mass index, lower emotional support, and higher daily ever‐smoking rates (all P < .05). Factors that were associated independently with continued smoking among patients with nonmetastatic colorectal cancer were male sex, high school education, being uninsured, not undergoing surgery, and higher daily ever‐smoking rates (all P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

After diagnosis, a substantial minority of patients with lung and colorectal cancers continued smoking. Patients with lung cancer had higher rates of smoking at diagnosis and after diagnosis; whereas patients with colorectal cancer were less likely to quit smoking after diagnosis. Factors that were associated with continued smoking differed between lung and colorectal cancer patients. Future smoking‐cessation efforts should examine differences by cancer type, particularly when comparing cancers for which smoking is a well established risk factor versus cancers for which it is not. Cancer 2012;118: 3153–64. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
New Biobased High Functionality Polyols and Their Use in Polyurethane Coatings
Authors: Pan Xiao , Webster Dean C.
Published: January 2012

High‐functionality polyols for application in polyurethanes (PUs) were prepared by epoxide ring‐opening reactions from epoxidized sucrose esters of soybean oil—epoxidized sucrose soyates—in which secondary hydroxyl groups were generated from epoxides on fatty acid chains. Ester polyols were prepared by using a base‐catalyzed acid–epoxy reaction with carboxylic acids (e.g., acetic acid); ether polyols were prepared by using an acid‐catalyzed alcohol–epoxy reaction with monoalcohols (e.g., methanol). The polyols were characterized by using gel permeation chromatography, FTIR spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and viscosity measurements. PU thermosets were prepared by using aliphatic polyisocyanates based on isophorone diisocyanate and hexamethylene diisocyanate. The properties of the PUs were studied by performing tensile testing, dynamic mechanical analysis, DSC, and thermogravimetric analysis. The properties of PU coatings on steel substrates were evaluated by using ASTM methods to determine coating hardness, adhesion, solvent resistance, and ductility. Compared to a soy triglyceride polyol, sucrose soyate polyols provide greater hardness and range of cross‐link density to PU thermosets because of the unique structure of these macromolecules: well‐defined compact structures with a rigid sucrose core coupled with high hydroxyl group functionality.
Priorities in offloading the diabetic foot
Authors: Bus Sicco A.
Published: January 2012

Biomechanical factors play an important role in diabetic foot disease. Reducing high foot pressures (i.e. offloading) is one of the main goals in healing and preventing foot ulceration. Evidence‐based guidelines show the strong association between the efficacy to offload the foot and clinical outcome. However, several aspects related to offloading are underexposed. First, in the management of foot complications, offloading is mostly studied as a single entity, whereas it should be analysed in a broader perspective of contributing factors to better predict clinical outcome. This includes assessment of patient behavioural factors such as type and intensity of daily physical activity and adherence to prescribed treatment. Second, a large gap exists between evidence‐based recommendations and clinical practice in the use of offloading for ulcer treatment, and this gap needs to be bridged. Possible ways to achieve this are discussed in this article. Third, our knowledge about the efficacy and role of offloading in treating complicated and non‐plantar neuropathic foot ulcers needs to be expanded because these ulcers currently dominate presentation in multidisciplinary foot practice. Finally, foot ulcer prevention is underexposed when compared with ulcer treatment. Prevention requires a larger focus, in particular regarding the efficacy of therapeutic footwear and its relative role in comparison with other preventative strategies. These priorities need the attention of clinicians, scientists and professional societies to improve our understanding of offloading and to improve clinical outcome in the management of the diabetic foot. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Negative pressure therapy: theory and practice
Authors: Schintler M. V.
Published: January 2012

Negative pressure (wound) therapy, synonymous with topical negative pressure or vacuum therapy mainly cited as branded VAC® (vacuum‐assisted closure) therapy, is a mode of therapy used to encourage wound healing. It is used both as primary treatment of chronic and complex wounds and as an adjunct for temporary closure and wound bed preparation preceding surgical procedures such as skin grafts and flap surgery. The device has come into wide and successful use, although the physiological basis of its effect is not yet fully understood, and with a delay, increasingly evidence‐based data become available. A meta‐analysis was made of peer‐reviewed publications (PubMed–Medline) chosen on the basis of inclusion of the terms randomized clinical trial, vacuum‐assisted closure, and topical negative pressure. Scientific data were evaluated from experimental animal studies, randomized clinical trials, observations of clinical applications, and case reports on all known effects of VAC therapy. Systematic analysis of the data shows efficacy concerning induction of wound healing mechanisms, especially in the early stage. Increased perfusion can be considered proven. Data analysis shows positive efficacy for treatment of infection. Although this therapy appears effective and its superiority to conventional techniques has been demonstrated, there are still some critical votes concerning efficacy. Because its mechanisms of action remain unclear, and because there is still some gap between evidence‐based data and the excellent clinical results, further prospective, randomized, blinded studies are needed. Even so, we conclude that vacuum therapy, used when indicated and especially by experienced surgeons, is an excellent tool to support wound healing. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Choosing life or limb. Improving survival in the multi‐complex diabetic foot patient
Authors: Game Fran
Published: January 2012

Over two decades ago, the St. Vincent Declaration set a 50% reduction of lower‐limb amputations as a principal target for patients with diabetes. During this time, enormous strides have been taken in our understanding of diabetic foot disease, the complexities of wound healing and the organization of care to prevent what is one of the most feared complications of the disease. Despite this, we are aware that worldwide, we have not achieved the target set in 1989, with current estimations being that a limb is lost to diabetes somewhere in the world every 30 s.

However, it has to be remembered that amputation is a treatment and not a disease, and it is indeed a treatment usually prescribed at the end of a long chronic illness. It is well known that patients whose disease is severe enough for amputation to be considered frequently have other complications of their diabetes, cardiovascular and peripheral vascular diseases and end‐stage renal disease, in particular. The life expectancy of the patients is therefore frequently reduced, and their functional status poor even prior to the intervention of surgeons. Just as the functional status of the patients is often a contra‐indication to other disease treatments, chemotherapy for some cancers, for example, then we should be considering carefully whether we should be removing limbs from patients whose functional and medical status will not improve significantly as a result. Equally, there may be patients who may benefit from an early amputation and ambulation with a prosthesis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cost of treating diabetic foot ulcers in five different countries
Authors: Cavanagh Peter , Attinger Christopher , Abbas Zulfiqarali , Bal Arun , Rojas Nina , Xu Zhang‐Rong
Published: January 2012

Most estimates in the literature for the economic cost of treating a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) are from industrialized countries. There is also marked heterogeneity between the complexity of cases considered in the different studies. The goal of the present article was to estimate treatment costs and costs to patients in five different countries (Chile, China, India, Tanzania, and the United States) for two hypothetical, but well‐defined, DFUs at the extreme ends of the complexity spectrum. A co‐author, who is a treating physician in the relevant country, was asked to choose treatment plans that represented the typical application of local resources to the DFU. The outcomes were pre‐defined as complete healing in case 1 and trans‐tibial amputation in case 2, but the time course of treatment was determined by each investigator in a manner that would be typical for their clinic. The costs, in local currencies, for each course of treatment were estimated with the assistance of local hospital administrators. Typical reimbursement scenarios in each country were used to estimate the cost burden to the patient, which was then expressed as a percentage of the annual per capita purchasing power parity‐adjusted gross domestic product. There were marked differences in the treatment plans between countries based on the availability of resources and the realities of local conditions. The costs of treatment for case 1 ranged from Int$102 to Int$3959 in Tanzania and in the United States, respectively. The cost for case 2 ranged from Int$3060 to Int$188 645 in Tanzania and in the United States, respectively. The cost burden to the patient varied from the equivalent of 6 days of average income in the United States for case 1 to 5.7 years of average annual income for case 2 in India. Although these findings do not take cost‐effectiveness into account, they highlight the dramatic economic burden of a DFU for patients in some countries. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A systematic review of interventions to enhance the healing of chronic ulcers of the foot in diabetes
Authors: Game F. L. , Hinchliffe R. J. , Apelqvist J. , Armstrong D. G. , Bakker K. , Hartemann A. , Löndahl M. , Price P. E. , Jeffcoate W. J.
Published: January 2012

The outcome of management of diabetic foot ulcers is poor, and there is continuing uncertainty concerning optimal approaches to management. It was for these reasons that in 2006 the International Working Group of the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) working group on wound healing undertook a systematic review of the evidence to inform protocols for routine care and to highlight areas which should be considered for further study. The same working group has now updated this review by considering papers on the interventions to improve the healing of chronic ulcers published between December 2006 and June 2010. Methodological quality of selected studies was independently assessed by two reviewers using Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network criteria. Selected studies fell into the following ten categories: sharp debridement and wound bed preparation with larvae and hydrotherapy; wound bed preparation using antiseptics, applications and dressing products; resection of the chronic wound; hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT); compression or negative pressure therapy; products designed to correct aspects of wound biochemistry and cell biology associated with impaired wound healing; application of cells, including platelets and stem cells; bioengineered skin and skin grafts; electrical, electromagnetic, lasers, shockwaves and ultrasound; other systemic therapies which did not fit in the above categories. Heterogeneity of studies prevented pooled analysis of results.

Of the 1322 papers identified, 43 were selected for grading following full text review. The present report is an update of the earlier IWGDF systematic review, but the conclusion is similar: that with the exception of HBOT and, possibly, negative pressure wound therapy, there is little published evidence to justify the use of newer therapies. This echoes the conclusion of a recent Cochrane review and the systematic review undertaken by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence Guidelines Committee in the UK. Analysis of evidence presents considerable difficulties in this field particularly as controlled studies are few and the majority are of poor methodological quality. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.