bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Igbo Culture and Business Practices in South East Nigeria: A Critical Review
Authors: Idemobi Ellis I. , Okafor Chisom N. , Dike Goodfaith N. , Anyika Michael I.
Published: October 2024

This study examined the relationship between Igbo culture and business practices in the South-Eastern region of Nigeria. Over the years, scholars have introduced so many leadership, management and business theories to guide businesses. This study aims to examine critical Igbo cultural practices that serve same purposes as some of these business management theories in guiding business successes in the South East of Nigeria. This study also looked at how the Igbo culture and Igbo leadership influence Igbo entrepreneurial practices. It was found that so many Igbo Cultural practices such as Igbo apprenticeship system and business mentorship guide and motivate Igbo entrepreneurs to succeed in business. As a result of these values, individuals train under their master to gain general business management skills (known as Igba-Boi). In some cases, some of trainees end up pursuing other types of businesses quite different from the where they served using the same business skills in the new trades. The study recommended that Nigerian government should learn from western government in encouraging Igbo apprenticeship system that governs most successful businesses among Ndigbo and developed as an official business incubation system for the youth. The study further recommended government can support individuals who have mastered certain skills but lack capital with fund infusion.
Assessment of Small Scale Mine Blast Toe Volume Effect on Fragmentation Size Distribution: An Application of Edge Detection Software
Authors: Taiwo Blessing Olamide , Adebayo Babatunde
Published: October 2024

This study explores the critical aspect of blast toe volume in small-scale mining operations and its impact on fragmentation size distribution. The assessment is conducted to understand the relationship between blast toe volume and the resultant blast design patterns. A comprehensive analysis is carried out using production blast result from four dolomite quarries in Akoko Edo, Nigeria, focusing on various explosive engineering parameters. The research employs advanced measurement techniques and statistical methods to quantify blast toe volume and assess its influence on fragmentation size distribution. By systematically varying blast toe volumes in controlled experiments, the study aims to establish correlations between toe volume and the resulting fragmentation size. The Variance inflation factor obtained in this study revealed that the selection of parameters during toe volume simulation must be carried out with respect to stemming length and explosive weight (MIC). The result shows that the maximum instantaneous charge has a negative correlation influence on toe volume as stemming also increases. This reveals that variation in stemming length results in low explosive energy release along the blast hole column, causing toe undulation. Finally, it was also revealed that at the blast mean size (X50) increases, the toe also increases due to the poor utilization of explosive energy at the blast column.
Biodiesel Synthesis from the Waste Biomass
Authors: Umeh Mmeri Loretta , Adepoju T. F , Dike Onyebuchi Kaosisochukwu , Okorie Christian Chukwunonyelum , Oluwadamilola Olurin , Juwon Adeboub Kazeem , Eze Bright Osagie
Published: October 2024

In this work, physicochemical properties of the waste used oil (WUO) were carried out for its aptness for biodiesel production. Burnt Animal Bone was used as a precursor for the biodiesel production. The produced biodiesel was characterized and the optimum biodiesel produced was determined via statistical analysis. This was with a view to add value to WUO and finding environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuel. WUO was obtained from eatery in Yenegoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The foreign materials and dirt in the oil was removed by filtration after preheating. The physiochemical and other parameters (cetane number, API, aniline point among others) properties of WUO were determined using standard methods. The BAB was burnt to ash in a furnace, sieved into fine powder, and then characterized using FTIR, SEM, XRF, BET adsorption, and qualitative analysis. Biodiesel production was done via base catalyst transesterification while statistical analysis was done using Microsoft Excel 8.0. In order to ascertain the quality of the biodiesel, the physicochemical properties were determined. Results showed that the refined WUO properties were in line with oil property requirement for biodiesel production. The physicochemical characteristics of the WUO showed physical state of the oil to be liquid/dark brownish at 28 oC, viscosity 6.58 cP at 28 oC, acid value, 0.96 (mg KOH/g oil), FFA (% oleic acid), 0.48, iodine value, 152.00 (g I2/100g oil), peroxide value, 5.1 milli-equivalent of peroxide/kg of oil among others. The derived catalyst showed high basic strength with Calcium oxide (87.63 wt. %) as the dominant element in the catalyst. Optimum biodiesel yield was obtained at run 5 with 98.52 (%wt. /wt.) at reaction time of 30 min, catalyst amount of 2.0 (%wt.), reaction temperature of 100 oC, and ethanol-oil molar ratio of 4:1. The produced biodiesel properties conformed to the recommended standard ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. The study concluded that WUO could serve as feedstock for biodiesel production that is environmentally friendly and the derived catalyst could be used as a bio-base in Industries.
The Need for Diversification of the Nigerian Economy through a Low-Carbon Energy Mix Programme Using Nuclear Power
Authors: Kenoll Orumo B. , Agedah Ebisomu Columbus
Published: October 2024

Numerous structural issues, such as poor infrastructure, trade and non-tariff barriers, investment barriers, a lack of trust in the currency's worth, and restricted foreign exchange facilities, limit Nigeria's economic potential. Since the late 1960s, when the oil and gas industry replaced agriculture as the primary driver of expansion, there has been very little progress made in diversifying the economy and laying a stronger foundation for rapid, steady, and productive growth. Despite massive oil earnings, the nation remains among the World's poorest in terms of important development indicators. Prosperity and progress have not followed as expected. The economy continues to grow in an unpredictable manner, devoid of steady or constant growth, and is influenced by fluctuations in the price of oil and gas, despite a multitude of plans, frameworks for policy, and reforms. While incompetence, corruption, and inefficiency remain at the core of economic management, every plan, programme, vision, and change raises high aspirations but never achieve the desired impact. Nigeria's economic dependency on crude oil and other commodities makes economic diversification difficult. Nigeria's economy must diversify in order to support employment, economic growth and human development to meet up the country's fast expanding population needs. In order to have a life beyond oil and gas, there is therefore the need for an efficient energy programme using nuclear power base load option for the country's rapid industrialization; this research looks at an overview of Nigeria's economy, its various sectors, its challenges, and the role of nuclear power as a possible solution to those challenges.
The Effect of Psychological Crime of Virtual Bullying on Social Media on Victims Under the ITE Law
Authors: Alfarizy Muhammad , Yusnita Ummi , Uzma Nur Lailatuka Syafa’atul
Published: October 2024

Cyberbullying takes many forms and adapts rapidly to technological developments. This study explores the psychological effects of virtual bullying on social media on victims, with the legal basis set out in Indonesia's Electronic Information and Transaction Law (UU ITE). Online bullying has become a major problem in the digital age, significantly impacting the psychological well-being of victims, and often having a more severe impact than conventional bullying. This study aims to identify the forms of virtual bullying regulated by the ITE Law, analyze the psychological impact on victims, and evaluate the effectiveness of legal protection provided by the ITE Law. Using a normative juridical approach, this research evaluates the articles in the ITE Law that are relevant to cyberbullying and relates them to the cases that occur. The results show that cyberbullying can cause various psychological disorders, including anxiety, depression, and decreased self-esteem. The ITE Law provides a strong legal framework to address these acts, with strict criminal sanctions and protection mechanisms for victims. However, the effectiveness of the ITE Law is highly dependent on consistent implementation by law enforcement as well as increased public awareness and education regarding digital ethics. This study concludes that collaborative efforts between the government, educational institutions, and communities are needed to reduce the incidence of virtual bullying and ensure that victims receive the support they need.
Identifying Tools and Techniques for Picking out Cultural Bottlenecks: Another Crucial Component of the Symbiotic Approach to Socio-Cultural Change
Authors: Rao Mandavilli Sujay
Published: October 2024

This paper is built upon our earlier papers on the symbiotic approach to sociocultural change, and extends them meaningfully in new directions. This is done by proposing different types of tools and techniques that can be used in identifying cultural bottlenecks, and can therefore be used to usher in, or bring about a faster pace of sociocultural change. We therefore, aptly and appropriately begin this paper by carrying out a brief overview of our earlier papers on sociocultural change, and by briefly laying down their various concepts and postulates. Subsequently, and resultantly, various tools and techniques for identifying and overcoming cultural bottlenecks are also proposed. These include an alignment with a cultural taxonomy, a comparative method to compare cultures, a high low analysis of values, a root cause analysis of cultural performance, analysis of cultural orientations, an evaluation of cultural performance by laying down metric and measurements and analyzing the pace of sociocultural change, etc. We also briefly discuss ethnographic techniques that can be used to evaluate cultures, including long-term ethnography and the ethnography of enculturation. Likewise, social science research methods, and components of research design are reviewed, besides some other approaches to identifying and analyzing cultural bottlenecks. We hope and anticipate that this paper will become a useful cog in the machine to bring about faster sociocultural change, and will become an intrinsic part of our globalization of science movement as well.
Green Gold: Using Bacteria to Extract Valuable Metals from E-Waste
Authors: Vinay P.S Rithik , S Pratyush . , Rahul P Harish , Jedidiah Jadon
Published: October 2024

The rapid proliferation of electronic devices has led to a substantial increase in electronic waste (e- waste), which contains valuable metals and hazardous substances. Traditional recycling methods, reliant on chemical processes, are often inefficient and environmentally damaging. This study investigates bioleaching, a process that employs bacteria to extract metals from e-waste, as a more sustainable alternative. By utilizing bacteria such as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, bioleaching promises to recover valuable metals like gold, silver, and copper while minimizing environmental harm. The research focuses on optimizing bacterial strains and environmental conditions to enhance metal recovery rates and reduce processing times. A comparative analysis with traditional recycling methods highlights bioleaching’s potential benefits and challenges. The study also examines the feasibility of scaling bioleaching for industrial applications and assesses its overall environmental impact. Findings suggest that bioleaching could offer an eco-friendly solution to e-waste management, contributing to more sustainable recycling practices and resource conservation.
The Importance of Sustainable Wetland Management
Authors: NYIRANGIRIMANA Drocella , NYANDWI Obed
Published: October 2024

Wetlands have faced a global reduction from 64% to 71% during the 20th century, and it is estimated that habitat loss could lead to the extinction of around 1,700 vertebrate species by 2070. This study analyzed data from SCI, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and a range of theses to explore sustainable wetland management. While previous research focused on the consequences of wetland degradation, this study highlights the critical need for sustainable management. Wetlands are biodiversity hotspots, home to numerous endemic and endangered species, making their conservation vital for protecting global biodiversity. Wetlands also contribute significantly to climate change mitigation by sequestering carbon, regulating water flow, and reducing catastrophe risk. Sustainable wetland management is essential to harness these benefits, particularly in light of growing environmental challenges. Wetlands also provide crucial ecosystem services, such as water purification, flood control, and recreational opportunities, emphasizing their socio-economic importance. Despite these benefits, wetlands face ongoing threats from habitat destruction, pollution, and unsustainable use. Effective management requires a comprehensive approach, incorporating conservation, community engagement, policy development, and scientific research. Embracing sustainable practices is essential to preserve wetlands for future generations, reaffirming their role as critical ecosystems that support life and resilience. This abstract calls for global action to prioritize sustainable wetland management as a key aspect of environmental protection and sustainable development.
Does a Tuberculosis Peritonitis Imitate an Advanced Ovarian Cancer?: A Case Report at Iringa Regional Referral Hospital in Tanzania
Authors: Mwakalebela Laison Alfred , Tilubuzya Lawi John Degratias , Augustino Mbunga Erick , R Modest Andrea
Published: October 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) Peritonitis is unexpected tuberculosis that happens in less than 2% of the patients worldwide. The incident rates are higher in the developing countries as a result of the inadequate diagnostic equipment. The mimicking of the tuberculosis peritonitis with an advanced ovarian cancer affects the decision of the gynecologist even after coming up with the confirmatory investigation of image findings. A 34-year-old female presented with progressive abdominal distension for 2 months, discomfort, abnormal vaginal discharge, which was foul smell and yellowish in color, painful sex intercourse, and denied history of diarrhea or constipation. Furthermore, present the history of passing black stool, but she denied history of vomiting blood or epigastric pain. A pelvic scan revealed the adnexal masses and ascites, with a conclusion of advanced ovarian cancer. A laparotomy was done; total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoophorectomy were done. A specimen sent for histopathology, which revealed tuberculosis peritonitis and not ovarian cancer. A patient was administered anti-tuberculosis drugs, and on follow-up, the patient showed an improvement. Therefore, in this case, the gynecologist should think of tuberculosis peritonitis as a differential diagnosis of advanced ovarian cancer, and this can be confirmed by the laparoscope and histopathology of the specimen hence preventing unnecessary total abdominal hysterectomy.  Implication for policy makers: The diagnostic tools in the health care facilities should be readily accessible and available for such rare cases hence more on job training to equip the gynecologists with updated knowledge and skills.  Implication for public: The public health should be emphasized in the community by offering health promotion, encouraging screening, and prevention of diseases so as to prevent the consequences which affects the life of an individual.
Urban Road Transport Infrastructure Planning and Development Implications on Socio-Economic Growth in the City of Douala, Cameroon
Authors: Ruth Eneke Egbenchong , Tsanetse Majolie Carine Djoukwo , Lawrence Akei Mbanga
Published: October 2024

Cities are the major contributors to socio- economic growth with easy access to amenities which stem through road transport infrastructure development. This study was conducted to assess urban road transport infrastructure planning and examine development implications on socio-economic growth in the City of Douala. A descriptive research design was used with primary and secondary data collected and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. Results revealed that, transport infrastructure in Douala have been structured through urban development planning policy which influences surface spatial expansion of socio- economic activities. The planning policies have contributed to the rapid expansion and growth through the initiations of master plan, land use plan and sector plan. Infrastructural development on road transport depicts a physical expansion and construction of road networks which influences the socio-economic growth of the study area. Stakeholders’ actions on construction, reconstruction and rehabilitation, investments and maintenance of road infrastructure have helped to curb down some transportation challenges and creates easy access to facilities within different sectors of the study area. However, road transport infrastructure which is well-developed boasts socio-economic activities and growth. The state of road transport network, its diversity and characteristic features is defined by its prevalence within different areas in Douala. Contrarily, other transport infrastructures which are not functioning appropriately due to lapses in physical planning possess enormous implications on transportation in the study area. The conclusion drawn was that the manner in which urban planning policies are implemented determines the level of development in road transport infrastructure and socio-economic growth of Douala. The study recommends an effective application of planning policies to be integrated by implicating all the actors of urban managers and transportation planners for improved growth in the study area.
nuevo derecho penal internacional: especial consideración del delito de genocidio
Authors: Riquelme Ortiz Constantino
Published: October 2024

La cristalización y el avance de la justicia penal internacional, hunde sus raíces en el pasado de la historia de la humanidad. Las mismas se caracterizaron por la conformación de políticas de exterminio y de destrucción cuyos resultados de conquistas y de colonización, auspició los grandes actos de barbarie cometidos a lo largo de nuestra historia humana. El siglo XX estuvo caracterizado por la conformación de dos grandes conflagraciones internacionales. Desde la primera guerra mundial se intentó codificar la responsabilidad penal del individuo por haber incurrido en actos de barbarie. Fue la segunda guerra mundial y sus consecuencias desencadenadas, lo que motivó a las potencias vencedoras de la guerra, a conformar un Tribunal Militar Internacional, cuyo legado ha sido establecer las bases del derecho penal internacional en sus aspectos sustantivos y procesales.
archipiélago de Chagos y la solicitud de una opinión consultiva de la Corte Internacional de Justicia
Authors: Saavedra Calderón José Antonio
Published: October 2024

El pasado 22 de junio, la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas aprobó, durante el septuagésimo período de sesiones, la Resolución sobre la solicitud de una opinión consultiva de la Corte Internacional de Justicia sobre las consecuencias jurídicas de la separación del archipiélago de Chagos de la República de Mauricio (en adelante Mauricio) de 1965. A partir de la demanda del Perú contra Chile sobre delimitación marítima, la Corte Internacional de Justicia (en adelante la Corte), ha sido motivo de diversas investigaciones académicas peruanas, de tal manera que sus decisiones judiciales y sus opiniones consultivas no son ajenas a nuestros intereses en la medida que reflejan nuestra perspectiva en el mundo del derecho internacional y las relaciones internacionales.
Francisco Miró Quesada Cantuarias: cien años de humanismo, política y academia
Authors: Maúrtua de Romaña Oscar
Published: October 2024

Francisco Miró Quesada Cantuarias, filósofo, educador y político, es uno de los líderes doctrinarios y académicos más afamados del último siglo en el Perú. Sus ideales, su concepción del hombre como fin y su profundo patriotismo se ven plasmados en la ideología del partido Acción Popular, uno de los principales actores políticos de los siglos XX y XXI y férreo defensor de la democracia en el Perú ante contextos de dictadura y corrupción. Desde su posición como pensador, gestor y maestro ha sido generador de grandes aportes al pensamiento filosófico y político contemporáneo en el país y en Latinoamérica.
futuro de paz y coexistencia basado en el humanismo desde Latinoamérica
Authors: Ikeda Daisaku
Published: October 2024

Daisaku Ikeda considera que la sabiduría de los pueblos del Perú y de la región latinoamericana podría contribuir decisivamente en la creación de un futuro de paz y coexistencia basada en el humanismo. La transformación interior de las personas, la conciencia de ciudadanía mundial, la filosofía del respeto a la vida, la educación en la esfera de la paz, el empoderamiento juvenil podrían ayudar a crear iniciativas colectivas y solidarias para resolver los graves problemas que aquejan a la humanidad.
reconocimiento de los gobiernos desde la perspectiva peruana
Authors: Saavedra Calderón José Antonio
Published: October 2024

El reconocimiento de los gobiernos desde la perspectiva peruana es un artículo de investigación que explica el reconocimiento de los Estados y de los gobiernos en nuestra Región, detallando la aparición de las distintas doctrinas políticas y su relación con el Derecho Internacional Público. De esta manera, se demuestra la existencia de dos principios: el Principio de la Eficacia que se confronta con el Principio de Legalidad, y en las conclusiones, los riesgos que significa adoptar alguno de ellos, tomando como ejemplo la situación actual de Venezuela.
What Did Romanian Mean to Ion? Moving Beyond Methodological Nationalism through Keith Hitchins’s Pedagogy
Authors: Tipei Alex R.
Published: October 2024

This article discusses the tension created in Keith Hitchins’s work between his constructivist approach to the nation and his adherence to a certain type of methodological nationalism. Examining Hitchins’s
The Romanians
,
1774–1866
through the lens of his pedagogy, the article posits that his commitment to methodological nationalism and his use of language associated with this approach obscured his understated argument on the constructed nature of Romanian national identity. It explores the impact of Hitchins’s scholarship and teaching on my own research to show why moving beyond the language of methodological nationalism is important and offers suggestions for doing so.
Identification and phylogenetic analysis of carbapenemase genes from clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Kaboré Boukaré , Ouédraogo Ganamé A , Ouédraogo Henri S , Cissé Hama , Zongo Oumarou , Zongo Koudbi J , Zeba Boukaré , Sanou Idrissa , Savadogo Aly
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Klebsiella pneumoniae is an encapsulated Gram-negative bacterium that is responsible for numerous infections in healthcare facilities worldwide and is frequently isolated. The World Health Organization has listed K. pneumoniaeas as a critical antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogen for which new antibiotics are urgently needed. This study aimed to use molecular tools to identify and examine antibiotic resistance in clinical strains of K. pneumoniae.
Methodology: A total of 15 unduplicated K. pneumoniae strains isolated from patient samples with multidrug-resistant (MDR) profiles were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the most common carbapenem resistance genes. (GTG)5 PCR and phylogenetic analysis were performed to identify the genetic relationship between the strains.
Results: All strains yielded a (GTG)5-PCR profile, and this allowed us to group these strains into 8 groups according to the size and number of characteristic bands. Phylogenetic analysis was done using the free software UPGMA and a single bacterial clone with a correlation coefficient of over 97% was identified. New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase NDM-like (blaNDM) carbapenem resistance genes were detected in three strains of K. pneumoniae, which represented a resistance rate of 20%. However, carbapenemases type A [Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) and imipenem-hydrolysing beta-lactamase (IMI), type D [oxacillinase-48 (OXA-48)], and other metallo-β-lactamase [Verona integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase (VIM), and enzyme active on imipenem (IMP)] were not detected.
Conclusions: We identified and grouped the blaNDM resistance genes of Klebsiella pneumonia strains.
Uremic syndrome with newly diagnosed HIV infection: reflections on a particular case
Authors: Wang Xiaowu , Wu Dong , Li Tuantuan , Gao Yong
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Diagnosis with Western blot test (WB) may not provide clear results for certain patients, including those who are not infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but produce non-specific reactions, individuals in the HIV window period (WP), those with acute HIV infection, and advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. HIV-positive individuals face an elevated risk of developing kidney disease. HIV peritoneal dialysis patients may be more susceptible to catheter-related infections. This study reports a case of HIV detected during early development of a nephrotic syndrome into uremic syndrome.
Case presentation: A 46-year-old male individual diagnosed with stage 5 chronic kidney disease was admitted to the hospital in preparation for his first renal replacement therapy. During routine check-ups, the patient was identified as having a reactive response to the HIV antigen/antibody test. The rapid detection results exhibited a weak reaction across all manufacturers, while the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test (Bio-Rad, Hercules, USA) showed a reactive response. Nonetheless, the third and fourth generation tests did not yield a response, suggesting that the patient`s internal concentration of HIV antigen or antibody was relatively low at the time. However, the confirmation test did not provide conclusive results, leading the patient to decline further renal replacement therapy. Two months later, the patient`s HIV antigen/antibody levels were measured as 95.23 in the outpatient department of our hospital.
Conclusions: This case underscores the importance of actively exploring various detection strategies to enhance the efficiency of detecting acute phase HIV infection during the testing process.
Constructing a predictive model based on peripheral blood signs to differentiate infectious mononucleosis from chronic active EBV infection
Authors: Yuan Jin hua , Pang Chong jie , Yuan Shuang long
Published: October 2024

Objective: To develop a prediction model based on peripheral blood signs to distinguish between infectious mononucleosis and chronic active EBV infection.
Methods: Retrospective data was collected for 60 patients with IM (IM group) and 20 patients with CAEBV infection (CAEBV group) who were hospitalized and diagnosed at the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University between December 2018 and September 2022. The analyses used were univariate and LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) logistic regression.
Results: Univariate analyses revealed that both IM and CAEBV-infected patients displayed overlapping and intersecting clinical manifestations, such as fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes, and enlargement of the liver and spleen, and that in contrast to inflammatory responses in peripheral blood, CAEBV-infected patients had more severe inflammatory responses. Nine biomarkers—HGB, lymphocyte count, percentage of lymphocytes, ALB, fibrinogen, CRP, IFN-, IL-6, and EBV-DNA load—were subsequently selected by LASSO logistic regression modeling to serve as discriminatory models.
Conclusions: Our investigation offers a solid foundation for diagnosing IM and CAEBV infection using the LASSO logistic regression model based on the significance and availability of peripheral blood indicators. Infected patients with CAEBV require early medical attention.
Mass screening of hepatitis B and C in Burkina Faso: seroprevalence update and impact of hepatitis B vaccine
Authors: Sanou Armel Moumouni , Napon-Zongo Delphine , Coulibaly Abou , Traore Ina Marie Angèle , Ouattara Ad Bafa Ibrahim , Ilboudo Abdoul Kader , Zoure Abdou Azaque , Zida Sylvie , Ouattara Mathuola Nina Geneviève , Dera Abdoulaye , Konate Djara , Kyelem Eric , Nikiema Achille Sindimbasba , Lankoande David , Ilboudo Dieudonné , Kania Dramane
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Updated data on the seroprevalences of hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV) are required to enable the adaptation of control strategies. In this study, we aimed to: (i) estimate the seroprevalences of HBsAg carriers and HCV exposure in the general population, and (ii) determine the impact of vaccination on HBV circulation since its introduction in 2006 in the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI).
Methodology: From October 2020 to October 2022, a mass screening campaign was conducted in 10 cities across Burkina Faso. Individuals of all ages and genders who consented to participate were screened for viral markers (HBsAg, anti-HCV) using rapid diagnostic tests. The proportions of HBsAg carriers and HCV exposure were calculated using Stata, and logistic regression was used to assess the impact of HBV vaccination on HBsAg carriage.
Results: A total of 15,650 participants were enrolled in the study. Of these, 51.4% were women and the age range was from 1 to 97 years. All participants were screened for HBsAg and 7,507 were also screened for anti-HCV. Overall, the seroprevalence of HBsAg was 8.8% and 2.6% for anti-HCV. The results indicated that age, gender, and place of residence were associated with HBV infection.
Conclusions: The prevalence of HBV and HCV infections remains high in Burkina Faso. Prevention strategies, including initial mass screening with rapid diagnostic tests and vaccination, need to be intensified.
Bridging sentiment and finance: An exploration of BOD statements and bank ratios in Jordan
Authors: Kanakriyah Raed , Al-Faouri Abeer , Abuaddous Murad Y. , Alhindawi Riyad
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This study explores the intricate interplay between sentiment extracted from Board of Directors (BOD) statements and the traditional financial metrics of banks. It investigates the relationship between a bank’s financial performance, measured by various financial ratios, and the sentiment expressed in BOD statements.Design/methodology/approach: Drawing from a dataset encompassing BOD statements from 15 Jordanian banks spanning 2017 to 2021, sentiment analysis techniques are employed to derive sentiment scores. These scores are then juxtaposed with principal components distilled from financial metrics to examine their predictive relationship.Findings: Preliminary findings reveal significant non-linear patterns between Hu and Liu’s (2004) sentimental analysis (Lui_sen), the Data Science Lab’s (n.d.) multilingual sentiment tool (multi_sen), and the principal components. A subsequent random-effects panel regression further elucidates these relationships, highlighting the significant influence of specific principal components on sentiment scores. This study provides a compelling case for integrating sentiment analysis with traditional financial indicators, offering a more comprehensive toolkit for evaluating bank performance.Research limitations/implications: Future research should explore broader datasets across multiple sectors, to validate the generalisability of the findings beyond the banking sector in Jordan.Practical implications: This research holds implications for investors, analysts, and stakeholders by combining sentiment analysis with traditional financial metrics. It offers deeper insights into the health of banks and the intentions of management. This integrated approach allows stakeholders to make informed decisions and mitigate risks based on a more comprehensive view of banks' financial situations. Additionally, the possibility of real-time sentiment analysis enables the dynamic monitoring of banking institutions' financial health as updated data becomes available.Social implications: The study’s results are valuable to users of financial information, aiding the Association of Banks and the Central Bank of Jordan in formulating policies for the banking sector. Auditors, consultants, and regulatory bodies in Jordan can also benefit from these insights.Originality/value: This is the first study exploring the relationship between sentiment extracted from BOD statements and traditional financial metrics in Jordan. It provides novel evidence of this relationship, contributing to the literature on the integration of textual data analysis and financial performance.
Filtering of hidden Markov renewal processes by continuous and counting observations
Authors: Borisov Andrey
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces a subclass of Markov renewal processes (MRPs) and presents a solution to the optimal filtering problem in a stochastic observation system, where the state is modeled by an MRP and observed indirectly through noisy measurements. The MRPs considered here can be interpreted as continuous-time Markov chains (CTMCs) with a finite set of abstract states representing distributions of random vectors. The paper outlines the probabilistic properties of MRPs, emphasizing the ability to express any arbitrary function of the MRP as the solution to a linear stochastic differential system (SDS) with a martingale on the right-hand side (RHS). Using these properties, an optimal filtering problem is formulated in stochastic observation systems, where the hidden state belongs to the class of MRPs, and the observations consist of both diffusion and counting components. The drift terms in all observations depend on the system state. An optimal filtering estimate for a scalar function of the MRP is provided through the solution of an SDS with innovation processes on the RHS. Additionally, the paper presents a version of the Kushner-Stratonovich equation, describing the evolution of the conditional probability density function (PDF). To demonstrate the practical application of the estimation method, the paper presents a communications-related example, focusing on monitoring the qualitative state and numerical characteristics of a network channel using noisy observations of round-trip time (RTT) and packet loss flow. The paper also highlights the robustness of the filtering algorithm in scenarios where the MRP distribution is uncertain.
A precise solution to the shortest path optimization problem in graphs using Z-numbers
Authors: Güner Nurdoğan , Orhan Halit , Allahviranloo Tofigh , Usanmaz Bilal
Published: October 2024

Communication networks are exposed to internal or external risks that can affect all or part of the system. The most important components that form the infrastructure of these systems are routers, which act as nodes. In the field of graph theory, there are sophisticated techniques that can be used to optimize the path of a packet as it travels through various routers from its origin to its destination. A notable example of such an algorithm is Dijkstra's algorithm, which is designed to efficiently determine the shortest path. The algorithm works under the assumption that the system operates under ideal conditions. Real-time systems can perform better if risk factors and optimal conditions are taken into account. The relationship between the nodes can be expressed by various metrics such as distance, delay, and bandwidth. The aforementioned metrics facilitate the calculation of the optimal path, with the ultimate objective of achieving low-latency networks characterized by rapid response times. Round-trip time (RTT) can be employed as a metric for measuring enhancements in a range of latency types, including those associated with processing, transmission, queuing, and propagation. The use of Z-numbers was employed in this study to incorporate risk into the optimal path metric. RTT was the preferred metric and reliability was represented by fuzzy linguistic qualifiers. A comparison of several scenarios was shown using a numerical example of a communication network. It is expected that this study will have a significant impact on the evolution from models that consider only ideal conditions to real-time systems that include risks using Z-numbers.
« Comment voir ce qui n’existe pas ou comment faire exister ce qui ne se voit pas. La question de la transparence du savoir géographique »
Authors: Hoyaux André-Frédéric
Published: October 2024

Cette contribution est construite comme une mise en abîme des concepts de visible et d’invisible dans le champ des sciences humaines et sociales. Si elle interpelle les éléments de leur dialectique, c’est surtout pour montrer que leurs différences tiennent plus des typicalités qui leurs sont associées selon les systèmes idéologiques qui les rendent lisibles, que de leurs radicalités propres en tant que concepts. Rien n’est visible ou invisible par lui-même, on rend visible ou invisible la chose, qu’elle soit objet ou sujet. C’est en effet à travers la relation que la chose mise en visibilité ou en invisibilité s’exprime. C’est donc sur cette relation qu’il faut porter notre intérêt, sur son apparition, sur sa mise en liens plus ou moins réifiés par les chercheurs, les politiques, la société dans son ensemble. Dès lors, toute invisibilité devient non pas un inexistant (non intentionnel) mais une visibilité cachée (intentionnelle). Il y a donc des régimes de visibilité et d’invisibilité comme il y a des régimes d’historicité (Hartog, 2003), qui sont autant de périodes qui structurent individuellement et/ou collectivement nos relations aux choses.
A la poursuite des maraîchers boliviens de Buenos Aires… Tours et détours méthodologiques pour aborder des acteurs qui se dérobent
Authors: Le Gall Julie
Published: October 2024

Choisir d’étudier une population de migrants pose un certain nombre de défis méthodologiques que doivent relever les chercheurs en sciences sociales, quelle que soit leur discipline (géographie, anthropologie, sociologie...), notamment pour aborder les migrants sous l’angle biographique. Ainsi, avant même de commencer à mener des récits de vie, des entretiens directifs ou semi directifs, des enquêtes de type ethnologique, etc., il faut pouvoir entrer en confiance avec une population souvent méfiante. Or, paradoxalement, si les ouvrages méthodologiques décrivant ce type d’entretiens sont nombreux, aucun n’aborde leurs préliminaires, comme si les techniques d’approche dépendaient de l’ingéniosité de chaque chercheur, ou étaient propres à chaque terrain, aux migrants étudiés. Ne peut-on construire une méthode pour aborder les migrants à partir des récurrences tirées des expériences de chacun ?
Deep Learning for Predictive Analytics in Environmental and Social Sciences
Authors: Thangavel Senthilkumar
Published: October 2024

Deep learning is currently one of the transformative technologies for predictive analytics, with deep learning providing robust methodologies to analyse complex data in both the environmental and social sciences. This chapter is concerned with looking into the use of some deep learning techniques, such as CNNs and RNNs, in modelling and predicting environmental phenomena and social trends. Deep learning techniques fit into the environmental sciences through the massive processing of remote sensing and observational data in climate modelling, disaster prediction, and ecologic monitoring. In the social sciences, it helps with sentiment analysis, behavioural predictions, and trend forecasting from large-scale social media and survey data. Key challenges include issues related to data quality and model interpretability; Highlighted case studies provide evidence of the effectiveness of deep learning in these domains.
Quantum Cryptography and Machine Learning
Authors: Gowda V. Dankan , Pai M. Swathi , Pandiya Dileep Kumar , Katkoori Arun Kumar , Jakkani Anil Kumar
Published: October 2024

AI has been in use in various fields because of the enhanced advancement of this technology. However, this evolution also brings new security threats that call for new security measures. In this chapter, the author has focused on the analysis of the advancement of quantum cryptography and the machine learning to enhance the security of AI. Among the most promising are quantum key distribution and quantum random number generation, which ensure almost unassailable security; machine learning that can recognize and eliminate new threats as they appear. All these technologies increase the ability of the AI to cope with existing and new cyber threats. It is a literature review of quantum cryptography and machine learning that also includes the relationship between the two, the benefits, and drawbacks. Moreover, it also explores the possibilities for the future and offers particular examples of how this integration can be realised in real life. The chapter may be of interest to theorists and implementers who seek to increase the security of AI systems through the combination of quantum cryptography and machine learning.
Quantum Cryptography for Secured IoT Devices
Authors: Gundu Srinivasa Rao , Panem Charan Arur , Chaudhary Naveen
Published: October 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionizing the industrial revolution by connecting objects through communication protocols and sensors. However, the integration of these networks with the traditional Internet poses potential risks. Researchers are developing post-quantum cryptography (PQC) to address these issues. Quantum computing, including entanglement trading and the no-cloning theorem, is essential for creating safe cryptocurrencies. Pre-quantum security solutions for IoT applications should prioritize quantum-safe encryption. Traditional cryptosystems are at risk due to quantum computing's resource-constrained nature. Quantum entanglement allows for odd correlations between states, leading to new protocols for applications like quantum teleportation, superdense coding, and cryptography. The no-cloning theorem is the foundation for various quantum technologies.
Revolutionizing Quantum Cryptography With Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Sen Snigdha , Madhu B.
Published: October 2024

With the advent of advanced technology and increasing digital evolution, exchanging information securely has become extremely difficult and might have a chance to be tampered very often. Across globe Hackers are constantly trying to maliciously attack various crucial and confidential algorithms. As the growing vulnerabilities are causing a serious threat, there must be an efficient and trustworthy solution to deal with it. Hence there has been a constant need to develop safer and more secure algorithms to defend against these attacks. The concept of Quantum cryptography uses quantum mechanics instead of traditional mathematical models to encrypt data and aids in developing more secure algorithms that are very difficult to be compromised without the knowledge of sender and receiver. The main aim of this book chapter is to explore various AI and allied methods which can be integrated with quantum cryptography to build efficient, reliable and robust cryptographic algorithms and understand its associated challenges.
Digital Literacy and Digital Citizenship
Authors: Gökoğlu Seyfullah , Özhan Şeyma Çağlar
Published: October 2024

This chapter examines digital literacy and digital citizenship, critical issues for individuals in today's digital world, from a comprehensive perspective. These two concepts are different but related to each other. After defining the concepts of digital literacy and digital citizenship in detail, the chapter discusses the similarities and differences between these two concepts. The chapter also explains how an ordinary citizen can become a digital citizen. Existing digital citizenship education approaches are introduced. Considering their strengths and weaknesses, the authors proposed a digital citizenship education model. The chapter concludes by exemplifying nine dimensions of digital citizenship and by introducing examples of digital citizenship practices that are widely used worldwide.
Social Media Usage and Experiences in Student Dating
Authors: Adetayo Adebowale Jeremy
Published: October 2024

This chapter investigated the use of social media for dating purposes and the experiences of sexual harassment among Nigerian students. A descriptive survey was conducted with 303 student participants, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that 30.4% of respondents were currently in a dating relationship, with WhatsApp being the most frequently utilized platform for this purpose. The primary motive for using social media to seek dating partners was cited as a form of entertainment. The majority of respondents (58.7%) reported never having dated online, and 86.8% indicated that they had not experienced sexual harassment on social media platforms. However, a notable 13.2% of respondents disclosed experiencing sexual harassment, with strangers being the most common perpetrators of such incidents.
Virtual Realities, Real Societies
Authors: Ahmad Munir , Shahzadi Aiman , Vallejo Rubén González , Naeem Zain , Tran Duc Binh
Published: October 2024

Digital environments are becoming increasingly intertwined with our daily lives. Hence, understanding the complex interplay between virtual realities and real-world societies is crucial. The chapter concentrates on the delicate relationship between the metaverse and the social structures. Digital spaces or metaverse platforms, as such, mirror and impact society by changing people's norms, behaviors, and arrangements. The chapter explicates how the digital spaces often reaffirm, contest, or reform existing social structures with similarities between virtual communities and their local counterparts depicted. The chapter also shows how virtual realities are both the mirror as well as the reshaper of the aspect of social hierarchy, cultural norms and power dynamics.
Curbing DeepFakes in India
Authors: Sanjaya Karun , Saleem Mohammad , Sarkar Utsa , Chandra Rushil
Published: October 2024

In light of the widespread dissemination of a Deepfake video featuring the popular actress Rashmika Mandanna, there has emerged a pressing demand for the implementation of rigorous measures to address and penalise those responsible for perpetrating such offences. Katrina Kaif, another Bollywood actress, has also fallen prey to a Deepfake video, and it appears that the videos were all intended to portray the actresses in a poor light. There is no doubt that Deepfakes have become a significant worry in today's world, blurring the line between what is real and what is fake. The production of these synthetic media works through the use of artificial intelligence presents numerous ethical, legal, and societal issues. This chapter investigates the legislative environment for addressing the deepfake challenge in India. The chapter examines the existing laws and regulations, evaluates their efficacy, and contends that a multi-faceted process adopting a combination of measures and legislation is needed to adequately address the emerging and rising threat of deepfake technologies.