bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation Tool for Backbone Extraction Techniques in Weighted Complex Networks
Authors: Yassin Ali , Haidar Abbas , Cherifi Hocine , Seba Hamida , Togni Olivier
Published: May 2023

Networks are essential for analyzing complex systems. However, their growing size necessitates backbone extraction techniques aimed at reducing their size while retaining critical features. In practice, selecting, implementing, and evaluating the most suitable backbone extraction method may be challenging. This paper introduces netbone, a Python package designed for assessing the performance of backbone extraction techniques in weighted networks. Its comparison framework is the standout feature of netbone. Indeed, the tool incorporates state-of-the-art backbone extraction techniques. Furthermore, it provides a comprehensive suite of evaluation metrics allowing users to evaluate different backbones techniques and select the best one based on their case study. We illustrate the flexibility and effectiveness of netbone through the US air transportation network analysis. We compare the performance of different backbone extraction techniques using the evaluation metrics. We also show how users can integrate a new backbone extraction method into the comparison framework. Netbone is publicly available as an open-source tool, ensuring its accessibility to researchers and practitioners. Promoting standardized evaluation practices contributes to the advancement of backbone extraction techniques and fosters reproducibility and comparability in research efforts. We anticipate that netbone will serve as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners enabling them to make informed decisions when selecting backbone extraction techniques to gain insights into the structural and functional properties of complex systems.
SSC and pH Prediction and Maturity Classification of Grapes Based on Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Gao Sheng
Published: May 2023

Soluble solids content (SSC) and pH of red globe grapes are crucial measures of quality. In this paper, we used hyperspectral imaging technology to achieve nondestructive detection and distribution visualization of SSC and pH of red globe grapes. First, the hyperspectral images of samples were collected. Then, CARS, SPA, GA, IRIV were used to extract feature variables from raw spectral (RAW) information. The PLSR prediction models of samples were developed. By comparing the different prediction models, RAW-IRIV-PLSR was selected as the optimal model. Finally, the SSC and pH of the samples were calculated to obtain a grayscale image and perform a pseudo-color transformation to visualize the distribution of SSC and pH. By studying the classification of the maturity of samples, it was concluded that the best discriminant classification model of maturity was RAW-IRIV-ELM. Hyperspectral also provided a new method for maturity stage classification of red globe grapes.
A Novel Localization Method in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: Localization Membrane
Authors: Cai Xiongxiong , Ying Yijian , Xu Rong , Zhang Chi , Hu Baiwen , Gao Xiang , Xia Dongdong
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To introduce a novel localization method in minimally invasive spine surgery, which has the advantages of precise positioning, simple operation, customization and industrialization.
Methods: We used localization membrane applied to osteoporotic fracture of spine, including the percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) group in 40 cases and the percutaneous internal fixation group in 10 cases. The success rate of one-time fluoroscopy, two-dimensional target acquisition, and the localization time preoperatively were recorded.
Results: The success rate of one-time fluoroscopy was 100%. Two-dimensional target acquisition was 100%. The mean localization time of the percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) group was 3.53 ± 1.28 minutes. The mean localization time of the percutaneous internal fixation group was 3.78 ± 1.32 minutes.
Conclusion: The localization membrane is a simple and practical device that can be customized and industrialized. In the future, we will innovate and transform it, so that it can be applied to other fields.
Awareness among parents of children undergoing anti-cancer treatment towards dental and oral health
Authors: Halperson Elinor , Kruchenezki Helly , Goldstein Gal , Shmueli Aviv , Ram Diana , Moskovitz Moti , Fux-Noy Avia
Published: May 2023

Background: Children with cancer who undergo immunosuppressive anti-cancer treatment are at risk of developing acute and long-term oral and dental complications. The study aimed to assess the attitudes toward dental and oral health of parents of children receiving anti-cancer treatment.
Methods: For this cross-sectional descriptive study, we arbitrarily distributed a questionnaire to the parents of 50 paediatric patients who were receiving anti-cancer treatment (study group) and 62 parents of healthy children (control group). The questionnaires assessed awareness towards oral and dental care.
Results: Among the study group, 90% of the respondents acknowledged awareness of the heightened importance of maintaining their children’s oral and dental health. Academic versus non-academic education of the mothers was associated with greater awareness of the importance of maintaining oral and dental health following the children's medical condition. Forty-percent of the parents of the study group reported having received this information from oncology doctors. Among the study group, 42% of the parents had not taken their child to a dentist, though 34% of the children had complained of oral pain. Among the control group, the respective proportions were 5% and 2%. During the course of anti-cancer treatment, 44% of the children in the study group had oral ulcerations and 22% had dry mouth.
Conclusions: Despite their awareness to the importance of their children’s dental and oral health, parents of children receiving anti-cancer treatment took their children for dental examinations less than did parents of healthy children. This study highlights the need for periodic referrals of children who are treated for cancer, to paediatric dental clinics.
Enhancement of hemostatic properties of Cyclotella cryptica frustule through genetic manipulation
Authors: Wang Lulu , Sun Yan , Zhang Ruihao , Pan Kehou , Li Yuhang , Wang Ruibing , Zhang Lin , Zhou Chengxu , Li Jian , Li Yun , Zhu Baohua , Han Jichang
Published: May 2023

Background The silicified cell wall of diatoms, also known as frustule, shows huge potential as an outstanding bio-nanomaterial for hemostatic applications due to its high hemostatic efficiency, good biocompatibility, and ready availability. As the architectural features of the frustule determine its hemostatic performance, it is of great interest to develop an effective method to modify the frustule morphology into desired patterns to further improve hemostatic efficiency.Results In this study, the gene encoding Silicalemma Associated Protein 2 (a silicalemma-spanning protein) of Cyclotella cryptica (CcSAP2) was identified as a key gene in frustule morphogenesis. Thus, it was overexpressed (OE) and knocked down (KD), respectively. The frustule of the OE line showed no obvious alteration in morphology compared to the wild type (WT), while the size, specific surface area (BET), pore volume, and pore diameter of the KD strain changed greatly. Particularly, the KD frustules achieved a more pronounced coagulation effect and in vivo hemostatic performance than the WT strains. Such observations suggest that silicalemma proteins are ideal genetic encoding targets for manipulating frustule morphology and associated hemostatic properties. Furthermore, the Mantel test was adopted to identify the key morphologies associated with C. cryptica bleeding control. Finally, based on our results and recent advances, a silica coordinating assembly model was proposed.Conclusion This study explores a new strategy for enhancing the hemostatic efficiency of the frustule based on genetic morphology modification and may provide insights into a better understanding of the frustule morphogenesis mechanism.
Which anthropometric measurement/ratio is a better predictor of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
Authors: ONAY Tuba , UÇAR ASLI
Published: May 2023

Background and aims: The purpose of this study is to determine which anthropometric measurement and ratio (BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, neck circumference, waist-height ratio, body shape index, body roundness index, visceral adiposity index) is a better indicator in healthy individuals with NAFLD and their biochemical parameters.
Methods: The study included 41 healthy persons diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease between the ages of 30-64 in the gastroenterology outpatient clinic of Ankara Gülhane Training and Research Hospital. In the study, subjects were interviewed face-to-face using a questionnaire form that asked about their socio-demographic traits, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical markers.
Results: Individuals with NAFLD had greater triglyceride, VLDL cholesterol, AST, ALT, and GGT levels than healthy people, as well as lower HDL cholesterol levels (p<0,05). persons with NAFLD had higher averages of body weight, BMI, waist circumference, waist/height, hip circumference, waist/hip, neck circumference, body fat mass, body shape index, body roundness index, and visceral fat index than healthy persons (p<0,05). Waist circumference, BMI, waist/height ratio, body roundness index, and visceral adiposity index are the anthropometric parameters with the greatest performance requirements that can be employed in persons with NAFLD.
Conclusion: Conclusion; It is believed that following patients at risk for NAFLD under the supervision of dietitians and using these anthropometric measurements will play a useful role in preventing the disease's course, progression, and consequences.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05810506.
Quantifying the carbon footprint of clinical trials: guidance development and pilot study
Authors: Griffiths Jessica , Fox Lisa , Williamson Professor Paula R , Adshead Fiona , Salman Professor Rustam Al-Shahi , Anderson Craig , Bedson Emma , Bliss Professor Judith , Boshoff Ana , Chen Xiaoying , Cranley Denise , Doran Professor Peter , Gamble Professor Carrol , Hood Professor Kerenza , McGregor Naomi , McNamara Carolyn , Midha Elis , Moore Keith , Perkins Alexis M , Pett Sarah , Sydes Professor Matthew R
Published: May 2023

Background: The urgency of the climate crisis requires attention from biomedical research, not least clinical trials which can involve significant greenhouse gas emissions. The Low Carbon Clinical Trials (LCCT) Working Group set out a strategy to reduce the emissions of clinical trials, starting with the development of a method to measure their carbon footprint (CO2e).
Methods: As a first step, we developed a process map defining clinical trial core activities. Corresponding emission factors were sourced to convert activity data into greenhouse gas emissions. The subsequent method was piloted by application on two CRUK-funded trials (the international randomised sarcoma trial CASPS [ISRCTN63733470] and the UK cohort-based breast cancer trial PRIMETIME [ISRCTN41579286]). A guidance document defining the scope, method and assumptions was written to allow application to any clinical trial.
Results: Trial specific activities over and above routine care were grouped into 10 modules covering trial set up, conduct and closure. We identified emission factors for all trial activities within both trials and used them to estimate their total carbon footprint. The carbon footprint of CASPS, an international phase 2 clinical trial of an investigational medicinal product with 47 participants, was 72 tonnes CO2e, largely attributable to clinical trials unit emissions and staff travel. PRIMETIME, a UK-based phase 3 non-investigational medicinal product trial with 1962 patients, produced 89 tonnes CO2e, largely attributable to trial-specific in-person participant assessments.
Conclusion: We have developed a method and guidance that trialists can use to determine the carbon footprint of clinical trials. The guidance can be used to identify carbon hotspots where alternative approaches to trial design and conduct could reduce a trial footprint, and where methodology research is required to investigate the potential impact of interventions taken to reduce carbon emissions. We will continue to refine the guidance to increase the potential application and improve usability.
Learning curve of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy with visualized foraminoplasty for lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Yi Sheng-Hui , Mo De-Ping , Liu Jian-Guo , Chen Hui-Ming , Feng Xin-Jian
Published: May 2023

Objective
This study aims to analyze the learning curve of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PETD) with visualized foraminoplasty for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).
METHODS
80 patients underwent PETD with visualized foraminoplasty between 1 January 2019 and 1 January 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by using the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) of low back pain(LBP) and leg pain(LP), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores(JOA). The learning curve was assessed by CUSM analysis. According to the learning curve, of these 80 patients were divided into two groups: early group(38) and late group(n = 42) in chronological order for comparison.
Results
All cases were completed successfully with no conversion to open surgery. No major complications occurred, but 5 patients response to postoperative paresthesia. The mean follow-up time was 16.04 ± 2.62 months. The median operative time reduced from 92.5 (interquartile range(IQR), 80–100) minutes for the early group to 85 (IQR, 80–90) minutes for the late group (P < 0.05). After approximately 38 cases, the curve tends to plateau and is considered a learning plateau. Postoperatively, the VAS of LBP and LP, and ODI in the two groups decreased significantly, the JOA was considerably elevated during the follow-up. The total complication rate was 6.2%. There were no significant differences in ODI, VAS of LP and LBP, JOA and complication rates between the two groups.
CLUSIONS
PETD with visualized foraminoplasty for LSS performed by surgeons has a notable learning curve. The mastery level could be achieved with 38 cases.
SnFe 2 O 4 Nanocatalyst for the Synthesis of Arylbenzimidazoles from Aqueous Cascade Reaction and the Computational Study of the Mechanism and Application of the Products as Putative Human Transmembrane Protein Activators
Authors: Jafari-Chermahini Mohammad Taqi , Tavakol Hossein
Published: May 2023

In this work, an efficient and green method has been presented to prepare arylbenzimidazoles via an aqueous one-pot two–step cascade reaction. The reaction conditions were optimized by varying the reaction parameters. The products were obtained using the reaction between aldehydes, malononitrile, and 1,2–phenylenediamine. Moreover, SnFe2O4 nanoparticles were used as the heterogeneous catalyst at room temperature under an inert atmosphere. The structural properties of synthesized arylbenzimidazoles were investigated by using FT-IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. The morphology and composition of the catalyst have been defined by SEM, XRD, UV–Vis, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. Ten different arylbenzimidazoles derivatives were prepared in 70–98% yield and the structural properties of them were investigated using FT–IR, NMR, and mass spectrometr. The plausible reaction mechanism was proved using DFT calculations. Furthermore, molecular docking simulations identified that the synthesized arylbenzimidazoles as an activator of transmembrane proteins of the human innate immune system. The effectiveness of this new method for the synthesis of Arylbenzimidazoles has been proved by experimental data and DFT calculations. The usefulness of the product as Human Transmembrane Protein Activators was proved using Docking studies.
Tuning of the chiral nematic phase of cellulose nanocrystals by the adsorption of a short polymer on their surface
Authors: Voisin Hugo , Vasse Adèle , Bonnin Estelle , Cousin Fabrice , Capron Isabelle
Published: May 2023

Concentrated cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) suspensions are known to self-assemble into liquid crystalline cholesteric phase. However, the origin of this chirality transfer is still matter of discussion. In this work, we used a tailor-made biopolymer, xyloglucan (XG), at a very small molar mass (20,000 g/mol) that adsorb flat on the cellulose surface. We showed that the addition to a dispersion of CNC at 60 g/L of XG up to 10 g/L decreased the anisotropic volume fraction, increased the cholesteric pitch, and kept constant the inter-CNC distance implying a change in the twist angle and a lower chiral strength. These results indicate that a very limited modification of CNC in surface can induce important variation of the cholesteric order. Above 10 g/L XG, XG-covered CNCs decreased the cholesteric pitch and preferentially concentrated in the isotropic phase, decreasing the global cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) order.
Mitochondrial transplantation combined with coenzyme Q10 improves mitochondrial function and induces full cardioprotection in aged rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Bafadam Soleyman , Mokhtari Behnaz , Vafaee Manoucheher Seyedi , Oskuye Zohreh Zavvari , Nemati Samira , badalzadeh Reza
Published: May 2023

Background:
Ischemic heart diseases (IHD) are among the major causes of mortality in elderly population. Although timely reperfusion is a commen treatment for IHD, it also causes additional damage to the ischemic myocardium known as ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Considering the importance of preventing reperfusion injuries, we aimed to examine the combination effect of mitochondrial transplantation and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in myocardial IR injury of aged rats.
Methods:
Seventy-two aged male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: Sham, IR, CoQ10, mitochondrial transplantation (MT), combination therapy (MT+CoQ10), and vehicle. Myocardial IR injury was established by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and re-opening. Young male Wistar rats were used as mitochondria donors. Isolated mitochondria were injected intraventricularly (500µl of the respiration buffer containing 6×106±5×105 mitochondria) in MT receiving groups at the onset of reperfusion. CoQ10 (10mg/kg/day) was injected intraperitoneally for two weeks before IR induction. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, hemodynamic parameters, myocardial infarct size (IS), LDH level, and cardiac mitochondrial function (mitochondrial ROS generation and membrane potential) were measured.
Result:
Combination of mitochondrial transplantation and CoQ10 improved hemodynamic index changes and reduced IS and LDH level (P<.05). It also decreased mitochondrial ROS generation and increased membrane potential (P<.05).
showed a significant cardioprotective effect. Combination therapy showed greater cardioprotective effects than single treatments.
Conclusion:
This study revealed that mitochondrial transplantation and CoQ10 combination treatment can be considered as a promising cardioprotective strategy to reduce myocardial IR injury in aging, in part by restoring mitochondrial function.
Associations among preoperative albumin concentration, coagulation status, and severity of postoperative complications in patients with abdominal trauma
Authors: Takematsu Toru , Kosumi Keisuke , Tajiri Takuya , Kanemitsu Kosuke , Mima Kosuke , Inoue Mitsuhiro , Mizumoto Takao , Kubota Tatsuo , Miyanari Nobutomo , Baba Hideo
Published: May 2023

Purpose
Abdominal trauma has many causes and requires rapid treatment. Because of injuries to multiple organs, cross-abdominal objective predictors derived from preoperative information are important for management. This study was performed to identify which preoperative clinical features are associated with worse postoperative complications.
Methods
Using our institutional database, we identified 80 consecutive patients who underwent emergency surgery after abdominal trauma from 2010 to 2020. We assessed the associations between clinical features and complications graded using the Clavien–Dindo (CD) classification.
Results
The most frequent causes of abdominal trauma were stab wounds (40%) and car accidents (38%). The most commonly injured organs were the small intestine (39%) and mesentery (16%). We observed a strong negative relationship between the CD classification and albumin level (r < −0.4, P < 0.0001) and strong positive relationships between the CD classification and the fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) level, D-dimer level, and blood transfusion volume (all r > 0.4, all P < 0.0001). In the logistic regression models, all four abovementioned variables were significantly associated with severe complications (all P < 0.04).
Conclusion
The albumin, FDP, and D-dimer levels and the blood transfusion volume might be useful predictors of postoperative complications in patients with abdominal trauma.
Transplantation of induced endothelial progenitor-like cells pretreated with Defined Factors promotes Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Cheng Fuyi , Zhang Yong , Jiang Qingyuan , Du Fei , Pan Cheng , Ye Yixin , Zhang lin , Su Dongsheng , Ren Yushuang , Zhao Pusong , Wang Huilin , Xu Hua , Su Xiaolan , Deng Hongxin
Published: May 2023

Diabetic foot disease (DFD) is a major public health concern and is characterized by impaired angiogenesis. Transplantation of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) holds great potential for treating DFD. However, the poor cell survival of transplant-derived EPCs limits their beneficial effects. Here, we report a preconditioning scheme for the generation of endothelial progenitor-like cells by chemical induction in nutrients deprivation and D-glucose-containing conditions with TGF inhibitor sb431542. The preconditioned endothelial progenitor-like cells (pEPCs) were induced from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvecs) and the expression of CD34 was markedly upregulated (༞90%) in pEPCs. Furthermore, pEPCs have the potential to resist pathological environmental stress, which is characterized by their high cell viability, oxidative stress tolerance and enhanced tubulogenesis under simulated DFD conditions. The protective effect of preconditioning in pEPCs is partly achieved by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway to up-regulate the expression of Nrf2 and HIF-1α. Importantly, due to its enhanced retention and angiogenesis, the transplanted pEPCs showed improved therapeutic potential for wound regeneration in diabetic mice. Overall, this study explores a novel preconditioning condition and provides an easy and efficient strategy to obtain pEPCs, which could be an ideal cell source for treating DFD and for endothelialization of tissue-engineered constructs.
Quantifying Urban Carrying Capacity towards Sustainable Tourism in Labuan Bajo Flores, Indonesia: A GIS Spatial Analyses Approach
Authors: Sejati Anang Wahyu , Putri Savira Nur Afifah Kusuma , Tyas Wido Prananing , Buchori Imam , Handayani Wiwandari , Basuki Yudi , Barbarossa Ghiffari , Husna Isnaini Nur
Published: May 2023

This paper aims to explain the findings of an inquiry into urban carrying capacity as a factor in Labuan Bajo Flores tourism development planning. This study uses the superimpose method of GIS spatial modelling to analyse land, water, electricity, settlements, and waste carrying capacity. In 2042, it is expected that three of the five carrying capacity variables will experience a deficit, according to the data. The three deficiency variables are the availability of land, electricity, and water. In addition, these conditions are assessed through spatial distribution using GIS, which identifies four regions in the Labuan Bajo urban area that fall under the category of high-priority treatment. It implies that quick action is required to solve the carrying capacity issue in 2042. The treatment areas with the greatest carrying capacity are Labuan Bajo, Wae Kelambu, Batu Cermin, and Golo Bilas. Based on these findings, tourism development in Labuan Bajo must prioritize sustainability so that the spatial planning and allocation of tourist attractions are cognizant of carrying capacity in order to realize sustainable tourism, particularly in the urban area of Labuan Bajo.
Tadpole morphological characterization of Ranitomeya variabilis (Zimmermann & Zimmermann, 1988) (Anura: Dendrobatidae), with skeleton, muscle system and inner organs
Authors: Regnet Ruth A. , Lukas Paul , Rödder Dennis , Wipfler Benjamin , Solé Mirco
Published: May 2023

In this study we morphologically examine larval specimens of Ranitomeya variabilis, which were breed in captivity and genetically determined to belong to the French Guiana population. We provide detailed data on the external morphology, chondrocranium, cranial muscle systems and inner organs of the tadpoles. Additionally, we provide essential characteristics for the recognition of the tadpoles of the different Ranitomeya species. The external morphology of the R. variabilis tadpoles was assessed by measurements and photographs of the specimens. Internal morphology was analysed using µCT images, µCT-based three dimensional reconstructions, and dissection of specimens for organ and muscle descriptions. The majority of the muscle configurations observed herein for larval specimens of R. variabilis are consistent with data presented in previous studies for larvae of other Ranitomeya species. In addition, several of the observed morphological characters are defined for different taxonomic levels within Dendrobatidae, e.g. the reduction of tectal cartilages and the insertion of the Muscular rectus cervicis on the third or fourth branchial arch. The absence of the anterolateral process of the ceratohyal in Ranitomeya and Dendrobates further strengthens their close relationship, in contrast to the more distantly related Epipedobates and Phyllobates where this structure is present. The absence of the musculi levator arcuum branchialium I and II, the musculus interhyoideus posterior and the musculus diaphragmatopraecordialis might be defining traits for Ranitomeya. Already a unique character observed in this study, is the fusion of the superficialis and profundus portion of the musculus levator longus for the R. variabilis larvae.
Algal Biomass, Biochar and Hydrochar from Chlorella Vulgaris for Cadmium Removal from Aqueous Streams
Authors: Sufian Jafar , Sari Mohamad Babakbari , Marchelli Filippo , Fiori Luca , Avanes Armen , Moradi Salahedin
Published: May 2023

Chlorella Vulgaris is an inexpensive and accessible raw material that can be evaluated for environmental remediation. As its derivatives have the potential for environmental pollutant removal, further investigations to evaluate their feasibility for this purpose are needed. This study aimed to investigate and compare the physiochemical properties of Chlorella Vulgaris algae biomass with biochar and hydrochar derived from it. This study was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replicates at the University of Zanjan, Iran. The detailed physico-chemical characterization of three substances (algae biomass with biochar and hydrochar) was measured. Adsorption isotherms were used to explain the adsorption process. The effects of the adsorbents dosage (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1, and 2 g), pH (3, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9), initial cadmium (Cd) concentration (0, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg l− 1), and contact time (0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 180 minutes) on Cd removal were evaluated. The carbon content, ash content, volatile matter, and specific surface area of biochar and hydrochar are higher, while hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur are lower compared to algae biomass. Results showed that FTIR spectra of algae biomass, biochar, and hydrochar followed a similar trend, but the corresponding biochar showed fewer peaks than microalgae, and the peaks were sharper and taller. For biochar, hydrochar, and algae biomass, the maximum adsorption capacities for Cd were 24.39, 23.58, and 16.56 mg g− 1, respectively. Optimum conditions for the highest removal of Cd were observed at the adsorbents dosage of 0.8 g l− 1, 30 mg l− 1 initial concentration of Cd solution, pH of 6, and contact time of 30 minutes. The adsorption isotherm data of Cd could be well-described by the Langmuir and Temkin models. The results indicated that biochar, hydrochar, and algae biomass could be used as a biosorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous streams.
Duodenal Plasmablastic Lymphoma in HIV Negative Patient A rare presentation
Authors: Hussain Abbas Ali , Shah Aresha Masood , Kumar Sumeet
Published: May 2023

BackgroundPlasmablastic lymphoma is a rare type of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which generally presents an aggressive clinical course. It is strongly associated with HIV infection and the most common site of involvement is oral cavity.Case PresentationHere we describe an exceptionally rare case of a 24-years-old immunocompetent male patient with newly diagnosed Plasmablastic lymphoma of the Duodenum. Computed Tomography of the abdomen (triphasic) of the patient showed thickness at the 2nd part of the duodenum measuring 2.6cm in width and 16 cm in length.ConclusionsDuodenal involvement to the extent seen in our patient is exceptionally rare, and, to the best of our knowledge, has hardly been described. The main goal of the article is to review the literature and report a case.
Idiopathic subglottic stenosis arises at the epithelial interface of host and pathogen
Authors: Gelbard Alexander , Shilts Meghan H. , Strickland Britton , Motz Kevin , Tsai Hsiu-Wen , Boone Helen , Drake Wonder P. , Wanjalla Celestine , Smith Paula Marincola , Brown Hunter , Ramierez Marisol , Atkinson James B. , Powell Jason , Simpson John , Rajagopala Seesandra V. , Mallal Simon , Sheng Quanhu , Hillel Alexander T. , Das Suman R.
Published: May 2023

Background
Idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is a rare fibrotic disease of the proximal airway affecting adult Caucasian women nearly exclusively. Life-threatening ventilatory obstruction occurs secondary to pernicious subglottic mucosal scar. Disease rarity and wide geographic patient distribution has previously limited substantive mechanistic investigation into iSGS pathogenesis.
Result
By harnessing pathogenic mucosa from an international iSGS patient cohort and single-cell RNA sequencing, we unbiasedly characterize the cell subsets in the proximal airway scar and detail their molecular phenotypes. Results show that the airway epithelium in iSGS patients is depleted of basal progenitor cells, and the residual epithelial cells acquire a mesenchymal phenotype. Observed displacement of bacteria beneath the lamina propria provides functional support for the molecular evidence of epithelial dysfunction. Matched tissue microbiomes support displacement of the native microbiome into the lamina propria of iSGS patients rather than disrupted bacterial community structure. However, animal models confirm that bacteria are necessary for pathologic proximal airway fibrosis and suggest an equally essential role for host adaptive immunity. Human samples from iSGS airway scar demonstrate adaptive immune activation in response to the proximal airway microbiome of both matched iSGS patients and healthy controls. Clinical outcome data from iSGS patients suggests surgical extirpation of airway scar and reconstitution with unaffected tracheal mucosa halts the progressive fibrosis.
Conclusion
Our data support an iSGS disease model where epithelial alterations facilitate microbiome displacement, dysregulated immune activation, and localized fibrosis. These results refine our understanding of iSGS and implicate shared pathogenic mechanisms with distal airway fibrotic diseases.
Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio with sarcopenia parameters in older adults
Authors: Kitgo Moe , Seino Satoshi , Shinkai Shoji , Nofuji Yu , Yokoyama Yuri , Abe Takumi , Taniguchi Yu , Amano Hidenori , Murayama Hiroshi , Kitamura Akihiko , Akishita Masahiro , Fujiwara Yoshinori
Published: May 2023

Objectives: Accumulating evidence from cross-sectional studies suggests that the serum creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio (CCR) may be a useful biomarker for sarcopenia. This study aimed to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between CCR and sarcopenia parameters in community-dwelling older adults.
Design: Longitudinal study.
Setting and Participants: This 6-year prospective cohort study included the repeated measurement data from 1,253 Japanese residents (662 males and 591 females) aged ≥65 years who underwent medical checkups in Kusatsu and Hatoyama, Japan. A total of 4,421 observations were collected.
Measurements: The CCR was grouped into quartiles by sex (Q1–Q4) using Q4 as the reference category. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) measured using segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, handgrip strength (HGS), usual gait speed (UGS), and maximal gait speed (MGS) were measured repeatedly as sarcopenia parameters. The association between the CCR and changes in SMI, HGS, UGS, and MGS during the 6-year period were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model.
Results: At baseline, SMI, HGS, and MGS were significantly inversely associated with the CCR quartile (P for trend < 0.001). During the 6-year follow-up period, significantly greater declines in SMI (B = −0.01 kg/m2/year; P = 0.044 for group-by-time interaction) and MGS (B = −0.008 m/sec/year; P = 0.041 for group-by-time interaction) were observed in participants with a baseline CCR in Q1 compared with those with a CCR in Q4. The baseline UGS and change in UGS did not differ significantly according to the baseline CCR quartile.
Conclusions: CCR can be a useful biomarker for the decline in clinical status and the subsequent risk of reduction in multiple sarcopenia parameters. CCR may identify those at high risk of sarcopenia and lead to early intervention, even in older adults whose physical function is difficult to assess.
Decision-making and coordination of green supply chain with CSR responsibility under loss aversion
Authors: Li Wenxia , Liu Linzhong , Li Yu , Li Zhuo
Published: May 2023

To investigate the influence of manufacturers' loss aversion preference and retailers' CSR behaviour on green supply chain decision making, a green CSR supply chain game model with three different Stackelberg structures for centralized decision making, manufacturers' rational preference and loss aversion preference are constructed using the Nash bargaining solution as the loss aversion reference point, and a combined revenue sharing-liability sharing contract is introduced to achieve green supply chain coordination under the two decentralized structures.The results show that the retailer's CSR responsibility is conducive to the green development of the supply chain, but the manufacturer's loss aversion not only damages the retailer's profits, but also damages its own profits;In addition, when the manufacturer's rational preference, with the improvement of the retailer's CSR level, the effective coordination interval length of the coordination factor under the combined contract increases, and the supply chain coordination flexibility increases; When the manufacturer's loss aversion preference increases, the upper and lower limits of the coordination factor of the combined contract will increase with the increase of the loss aversion preference, and the length of the coordination interval will also decrease with the increase of the loss aversion preference, which has a negative impact on the cooperation between the supply chain members.
Light-Stimulated Micromotor Swarms in an Electric Field with Versatile Spatial, Temporal, and Mode Control
Authors: Liang Zexi , Joh Hyungmok , Lian Bin , Fan Donglei (Emma)
Published: May 2023

Swarming, a phenomenon widely present in nature, is a hallmark of non-equilibrium living systems that harness external energy into collective locomotion. The constituting units with sizes ranging from nanometers to meters form complex patterns and synchronous motion. The creation and study of swarms made of artificial active matter may provide insights to their biological counterparts and shed light to the rules of life. Here, we propose an innovative concept and associated actuation mechanism for rationally creating multi-modal swarms with unprecedented spatial, temporal, and mode control. The research is realized in a system made of optoelectric semiconductor nanorods that can rapidly morph into three distinct modes, i.e., network formation, collectively enhanced rotation, and droplet-like clustering, and switch in between with light stimulation in an electric field. Theoretical analysis and semi-quantitative modeling well explain the observation via understanding the competition between two countering effects: the electrostatic assembly for orderliness and electrospinning-induced disassembly for disorderliness. This work could inspire the rational creation of a new class of reconfigurable swarms for both fundamental research and emerging applications.
Fluorescent quinine-based tracking techniques for measurement of open-channel surface flow velocities under low luminosity conditions using a UAS
Authors: Zehsaz Soheil , L. M. P. de Lima João , M. G. P. Isidoro Jorge , de Lima M. Isabel P. , Martins Ricardo
Published: May 2023

This study presents techniques based on the use of fluorescent quinine as a visual tracer for surface flows, to assess surface flow velocities in channels and streams under low luminosity conditions. Fieldwork was conducted in three open channels, with different hydraulic characteristics. A quinine solution, in both liquid and solid (ice cube) forms, was applied on the water flow surface and an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) was used to record the movement of the fluorescent quinine. The results were compared to the velocities estimated using the thermal tracer technique and flowmeter-based velocity maps. The findings show that the quinine solution, in both liquid and solid forms, can be used to estimate open-channel surface flow velocities under low luminosity conditions. While the solid form of the quinine tracer was applied in a smaller volume than the liquid tracer, its fluorescence effect persisted longer. By comparison, the liquid tracer had the advantage of continual availability and was devoid of the constraint of melting.
Runoff simulation analysis and collaborative response research based on the second Songhua River basin under the background of land use
Authors: Liu Hongxue
Published: May 2023

This paper examines the context of climate change and land use in the second Songhua River basin with the goal of improving runoff. The report begins by introducing the history of watershed runoff and the study area. The differences between various land use types and land use efficiency are examined using the watershed hydrology model from previous literature. The novelty of the paper is to compare the evapotranspiration of the model in different periods with the depth data of surface runoff. The results show that the simulation analysis and collaborative response strategy proposed here can adapt to the meteorological changes in the basin. The evapotranspiration of a watershed that was converted from woodland to grassland in 1970 was 34 mm, while that of a watershed that was converted from grassland to woodland was 32 mm, according to the results of the model test. The evapotranspiration of a watershed that gone from woodland to grassland in 2010 is 45 mm, compared to 39 mm for a watershed that has gone from grassland to woodland. The second Songhua River basin's surface water yield data can therefore be used to model and study the basin's runoff in real time.
Mechanism of American Ginseng Against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on Network Pharmacology & Molecular Docking
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Chen Siqi , Wang Bo , Xie Jiaming , Wu Xinyu , Hu Xinying , Liu Jing , Zhang Yi , Wang Junzhi , Ge Pengling
Published: May 2023

Background:

Ginseng is one of the top-selling natural products worldwide and has been shown
to have significant effects. Nonetheless, there is limited research on American ginseng when compared to
Asian ginseng. A small number of studies have demonstrated the therapeutic benefits of American ginseng,
which include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-stimulating activities.

Objective:

The objective of our research is to predict the molecular mechanism by which American ginseng
combats Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
techniques. By doing so, we aim to reveal one of the comprehensive mechanisms through which American
ginseng exerts its therapeutic effects.

Methods:

We conducted a search for related compounds in American ginseng using the TCMSP database,
which we then utilized to classify potential targets for the major ingredients. We obtained targets
associated with T2DM from various databases, including PharmGKB, OMIM, TTD, GeneCards, and
DrugBank. Using STRING and Cytoscape software, we constructed PPI networks. We subsequently performed
GO and KEGG analysis on the targets using the R programming language. Ligand and target
structures were acquired from PubChem and PDB databases, respectively. Chem3D and AutoDock software
was used to process the structures, while PyMoL was employed for molecular docking analysis.

Results:

Several investigations have indicated that PTGS2, NFKBIA, PRKCA, IL1B, NCOA2, and LPL
targets are significantly associated with American ginseng's effectiveness in treating T2DM. Molecular
docking analysis further validated these findings. We discovered three active components with highaffinity,
namely papaverine, ginsenoside-rh2, and beta-sitosterol.

Conclusion:

The outcomes of our predictions could contribute to the development of American ginseng
or its active constituents as an alternative therapy for T2DM.
Curbing Key Digestive Enzymes by Three Plant Extracts for Sustainable Management of Postprandial Hyperglycemia
Authors: Sarker Parth , Sani Deedarul Hyder , Miah Md. Faruque , Alam Md. Jahangir
Published: May 2023

Background:

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition marked by persistently elevated
blood sugar levels. Key digestive enzymes viz. α-amylase and α-glucosidase, hydrolyze consumed
carbohydrates into glucose which raises the postprandial blood glucose level in a diabetic patient. So, the
development of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors procured from medicinal plants to retard starch
digestion is an alternative approach for controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective:

The current study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory potentials of the key digestive enzymes viz.
α-amylase and α-glucosidase by the extracts of three medicinal plants; red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus)
pulp and peel, bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) shoot, turnip (Brassica rapa L.) shoot and leaf by
performing α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays in vitro.

Methods:

Inhibition of α-amylase activity was conducted using 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method, and 4-
Nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside was used as a substrate to perform α-glucosidase inhibition assay in
vitro.

Results:

Among all the selected sample extracts, red dragon fruit pulp expressed the highest percentage of
α-amylase inhibition (59.73 ± 4.33%) at the concentration of 1000 μg/mL which is comparable to standard
antidiabetic drug Acarbose (70.59 ± 2.64%), whereas the lowest inhibition was observed in turnip
shoot extract (42.48 ± 2.10%) at the same concentration. In terms of α-glucosidase inhibition activity,
again, red dragon fruit pulp extract demonstrated the maximum inhibition rate (56.42 ± 2.38%) at 1000
μg/mL concentration. This is respectable in comparison to the reference Acarbose (66.45 ± 1.78%). In
contrast, turnip shoot extracts displayed the lowest α-glucosidase inhibition activity (38.27 ± 2.21%) at
the same concentration.

Conclusion:

The current study demonstrated that the red dragon fruit pulp extract possesses substantial
antihyperglycemic activity (α-amylase inhibition: 59.73 ± 4.33%, α-glucosidase inhibition: 56.42 ±
2.38%) in vitro, which could be a putative nutraceutical to manage postprandial hyperglycemia.
Differences in Clinical and Lab Characteristics of Sepsis between Opium
User Patients and Patients with No Illicit Drug Addiction
Authors: Mehrpour Omid , Alemzadeh Effat , Ghasemi Saeedeh , Farkhondeh Tahereh , Ziaee Masood
Published: May 2023

Background:

Sepsis is a significant cause of mortality worldwide. This study aimed to compare clinical and laboratory characteristics of sepsis in patients addicted to illicit drugs versus patients with no illicit drug addiction.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, all patients hospitalized with sepsis diagnosis were recruit-ed within six months from September to March 2019. Sixty patients for each group (illicit drug-addicted and non-addicted individuals) were selected. The data relating to illicit drug consumption, serum indices, the current focus of infection, duration of hospitalization, and disease outcomes were collected. Patients who had an illicit drug addiction were compared with non-addicted pa-tients in terms of clinical and laboratory parameters. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS software (version 19).

Results:

The bacterial load in the urine culture was statistically significant in both groups and higher in the non-addicted group. The frequency distributions of focus of infection, duration of hospitalization, and outcome were not significantly different between the two groups. The serum sodium and total neutrophils were significantly higher in the addicted group. However, the MCHC level was significantly lower (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Opium may have stimulated the immune system and reduced bacterial infection in septic patient users.
Sarcopenia: Pathophysiology and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Qiu Chaoming , Yang Xifei , Yu Pei
Published: May 2023

Sarcopenia is becoming prevalent in older or inactive patients, which is placing a heavy burden on the social health system. Studies on the pathogenesis of sarcopenia mainly focus on adipose tissue, myoglobin autophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Up to now, non-drug treat-ment has been the main way to treat sarcopenia, and there are no drugs specially approved for the treatment of sarcopenia. Here, the pathophysiology and treatment methods of sarcopenia have been summarized, and new drugs for sarcopenia to be researched and developed in the future have been prospected.
Usability Of Three-dimensional Printing in Maxillofacial Surgery: A Narrative Review
Authors: Assari Ahmad
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

The three-dimensional (3D) printing method is a modern approach in which different custom designs are fabricated with high complexity according to the patient’s need. This narrative review aimed to highlight the materials used in 3D printers for medical use, especially in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Methods:

PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar were searched for the relevant studies, and after meeting the inclusion criteria, articles were studied, and focused points were highlighted.

Results:

s: Synthetic and natural materials used in 3D printing include hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, bicalcium phosphate, apatite–wollastonite glass ceramics, stem cells, and collagen. The most frequent clinical applications include dental implants, maxillofacial trauma, facial cosmetics, orthognathic surgery, maxillofacial oncology, and maxillofacial reconstruction. Anatomical models and surgical instructions were the most often printed objects. The key benefits were increased surgical precision and a shorter operating time. The cost of the items, the length of the manufacturing process when printed by the industry, and legal concerns were the main drawbacks.

Conclusion:

The 3D models are beneficial for surgeons as they can save time and even human life. In the future, additional research should be done on the modeling, efficacy, and safety of natural materials, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses should be conducted for a better understanding.