bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meeting the urgent need for rabies education in Haiti
Authors: Osinubi M. O. V. , Fenelon N. , Dyer J. L. , Franka R. , Etheart M. , Ali A. , Birhane M. , Phaimyr Jn Charles N. , Destine A. , Saleme N. , Newman C. , Crowdis K. , Lutfy C. , Rupprecht C. E. , Wallace R. M. , Johnson V. R.
Published: May 2018

The highest rate of human rabies deaths reported in the Americas is in Haiti, and most of these deaths result from rabies virus infections that occur after individuals are bitten by infected dogs and do not receive rabies post‐exposure prophylaxis. One barrier to rabies prevention in Haiti is a lack of knowledge about this disease among healthcare professionals and community members. During the past 4 years, The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has collaborated with public health officials and partners to develop, test and refine educational materials aimed at filling this need for rabies education. This report summarizes the use of feedback from knowledge, attitudes and practises surveys; key informant interviews; and focus groups to develop culturally appropriate rabies prevention materials for community members, health officials, clinicians, laboratory professionals, veterinary professionals, government officials and national and local district leaders about ways to prevent rabies. These formative research methods were critically important in ensuring that the materials would be culturally appropriate and would stand the greatest likelihood of motivating Haitians to protect themselves from rabies. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is using lessons learned in Haiti to develop and test materials in other countries with high rates of canine rabies.
Reclaiming value from academic labor: commentary by the Editors of Human Geography
Authors: Finn John C. , Peet Richard , Mollett Sharlene , Lauermann John
Published: May 2018

There have long been discussions about the need for an alternative publishing model for academic research. This has been made clear by the September 2017 scandal involving Third World Quarterly. The editor’s deeply problematic decision to publish an essay arguing in favor of colonialism was likely meant as click-bate to drive clicks and citations. But we should not lose sight of the fact that this latest scandal is only one recent manifestation of a long-simmering problem that has periodically commanded significant attention in the academic literature, blogs, email lists, conference sessions, and the popular press. As a direct result, over the last decade or more, new journals have been created that specifically endeavor to offer routes around corporate/capitalist academic publishing, and several existing journals have removed themselves from this profit-driven ecosystem. In this commentary, the editorial team of the journal Human Geography weighs in on what we see as the nature of the problem, what we are doing in response, what our successes have been, and what challenges remain.
Laser Speckle Strain Imaging reveals the origin of delayed fracture in a soft solid
Authors: van der Kooij Hanne M. , Dussi Simone , van de Kerkhof Gea T. , Frijns Raoul A. M. , van der Gucht Jasper , Sprakel Joris
Published: May 2018

An optical method to detect nanoscale damage makes unpredictable fracture predictable.
TaRh
2
B
2
and NbRh
2
B
2
: Superconductors with a chiral noncentrosymmetric crystal structure
Authors: Carnicom Elizabeth M. , Xie Weiwei , Klimczuk Tomasz , Lin Jingjing , Górnicka Karolina , Sobczak Zuzanna , Ong Nai Phuan , Cava Robert J.
Published: May 2018

Two superconductors with a new chiral noncentrosymmetric crystal structure and H
c2
values above the Pauli limit.
An Escherichia coli Nitrogen Starvation Response Is Important for Mutualistic Coexistence with Rhodopseudomonas palustris
Authors: McCully Alexandra L. , Behringer Megan G. , Gliessman Jennifer R. , Pilipenko Evgeny V. , Mazny Jeffrey L. , Lynch Michael , Drummond D. Allan , McKinlay James B.
Published: May 2018

Microbial mutualistic cross-feeding interactions are ubiquitous and can drive important community functions. Engaging in cross-feeding undoubtedly affects the physiology and metabolism of individual species involved. However, the nature in which an individual species' physiology is influenced by cross-feeding and the importance of those physiological changes for the mutualism have received little attention. We previously developed a genetically tractable coculture to study bacterial mutualisms. The coculture consists of fermentative
Escherichia coli
and phototrophic
Rhodopseudomonas palustris
. In this coculture,
E. coli
anaerobically ferments sugars into excreted organic acids as a carbon source for
R. palustris
. In return, a genetically engineered
R. palustris
strain constitutively converts N
2
into NH
4
+
, providing
E. coli
with essential nitrogen. Using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and proteomics, we identified transcript and protein levels that differ in each partner when grown in coculture versus monoculture. When in coculture with
R. palustris
,
E. coli
gene expression changes resembled a nitrogen starvation response under the control of the transcriptional regulator NtrC. By genetically disrupting
E. coli
NtrC, we determined that a nitrogen starvation response is important for a stable coexistence, especially at low
R. palustris
NH
4
+
excretion levels. Destabilization of the nitrogen starvation regulatory network resulted in variable growth trends and, in some cases, extinction. Our results highlight that alternative physiological states can be important for survival within cooperative cross-feeding relationships.

IMPORTANCE
Mutualistic cross-feeding between microbes within multispecies communities is widespread. Studying how mutualistic interactions influence the physiology of each species involved is important for understanding how mutualisms function and persist in both natural and applied settings. Using a bacterial mutualism consisting of
Rhodopseudomonas palustris
and
Escherichia coli
growing cooperatively through bidirectional nutrient exchange, we determined that an
E. coli
nitrogen starvation response is important for maintaining a stable coexistence. The lack of an
E. coli
nitrogen starvation response ultimately destabilized the mutualism and, in some cases, led to community collapse after serial transfers. Our findings thus inform on the potential necessity of an alternative physiological state for mutualistic coexistence with another species compared to the physiology of species grown in isolation.
Understanding case mix across three paediatric services: could integration of primary and secondary general paediatrics alter walk-in emergency attendances?
Authors: Steele Lloyd , Coote Nicky , Klaber Robert , Watson Mando , Coren Michael
Published: May 2018

Objective

To understand the case mix of three different paediatric services, reasons for using an acute paediatric service in a region of developing integrated care and where acute attendances could alternatively have been managed.

Methods

Mixed methods service evaluation, including retrospective review of referrals to general paediatric outpatients (n=534) and a virtual integrated service (email advice line) (n=474), as well as a prospective survey of paediatric ambulatory unit (PAU) attendees (n=95) and review by a paediatric consultant/registrar to decide where these cases could alternatively have been managed.

Results

The case mix of outpatient referrals and the email advice line was similar, but the case mix for PAU was more acute. The most common parental reasons for attending PAU were referral by a community health professional (27.2%), not being able to get a general practitioner (GP) appointment when desired (21.7%), wanting to avoid accident and emergency (17.4%) and wanting specialist paediatric input (14.1%). More than half of PAU presentations were deemed most appropriate for community management by a GP or midwife. The proportion of cases suitable for community management varied by the reason for attendance, with it highestl for parents reporting not being able to get a GP appointment (85%), and lowest for those referred by community health professionals (29%).

Conclusions

One in two attendances to acute paediatric services could have been managed in the community. Integration of paediatric services could help address parental reasons for attending acute services, as well as facilitating the community management of chronic conditions.
Treatment choice, medication adherence and glycemic efficacy in people with type 2 diabetes: a UK clinical practice database study
Authors: Gordon Jason , McEwan Phil , Idris Iskandar , Evans Marc , Puelles Jorge
Published: May 2018

Objective

Using primary care data obtained from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink, this retrospective cohort study examined the relationships between medication adherence and clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Research design and methods

Data were extracted for patients treated between 2008 and 2016, and stratified by oral antihyperglycemic agent (OHA) line of therapy (mono, dual or triple therapy). Patients were monitored for up to 365 days; associations between medication possession ratio (MPR) and outcomes at 1 year (glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), weight and hypoglycemia incidence) were assessed using linear regression modeling and descriptive analyses.

Results

In total, 33 849 patients were included in the study (n=23 925 OHA monotherapy; n=8406 OHA dual therapy; n=1518 OHA triple therapy). One-year change in HbA1c was greater among adherent (−0.90 to −1.14%; −9.8 to −12.5 mmol/mol) compared with non-adherent patients (−0.49 to −0.69%; −5.4 to −7.5 mmol/mol). On average, adherent patients had higher hypoglycemia event rates than non-adherent patients (rate ratios of 1.24, 1.10 and 2.06 for OHA mono, dual and triple therapy cohorts, respectively) and experienced greater weight change from baseline. A 10% improvement in MPR was associated with −0.09% (−1.0 mmol/mol), −0.09% (−1.0 mmol/mol) and −0.21% (−2.3 mmol/mol) changes in HbA1c for OHA mono, dual and triple therapy cohorts, respectively.

Conclusions

For patients with type 2 diabetes, increasing medication adherence can bring about meaningful improvements in HbA1c control as the requirement for treatment escalation increases. Regimens associated with weight loss and the avoidance of hypoglycemia were generally associated with better medication adherence and improved glycemic control.
What is the epidemiology of medication errors, error-related adverse events and risk factors for errors in adults managed in community care contexts? A systematic review of the international literature
Authors: Assiri Ghadah Asaad , Shebl Nada Atef , Mahmoud Mansour Adam , Aloudah Nouf , Grant Elizabeth , Aljadhey Hisham , Sheikh Aziz
Published: May 2018

Objective

To investigate the epidemiology of medication errors and error-related adverse events in adults in primary care, ambulatory care and patients’ homes.

Design

Systematic review.

Data source

Six international databases were searched for publications between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2015.

Data extraction and analysis

Two researchers independently extracted data from eligible studies and assessed the quality of these using established instruments. Synthesis of data was informed by an appreciation of the medicines’ management process and the conceptual framework from the International Classification for Patient Safety.

Results

60 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 53 studies focused on medication errors, 3 on error-related adverse events and 4 on risk factors only. The prevalence of prescribing errors was reported in 46 studies: prevalence estimates ranged widely from 2% to 94%. Inappropriate prescribing was the most common type of error reported. Only one study reported the prevalence of monitoring errors, finding that incomplete therapeutic/safety laboratory-test monitoring occurred in 73% of patients. The incidence of preventable adverse drug events (ADEs) was estimated as 15/1000 person-years, the prevalence of drug–drug interaction-related adverse drug reactions as 7% and the prevalence of preventable ADE as 0.4%. A number of patient, healthcare professional and medication-related risk factors were identified, including the number of medications used by the patient, increased patient age, the number of comorbidities, use of anticoagulants, cases where more than one physician was involved in patients’ care and care being provided by family physicians/general practitioners.

Conclusion

A very wide variation in the medication error and error-related adverse events rates is reported in the studies, this reflecting heterogeneity in the populations studied, study designs employed and outcomes evaluated. This review has identified important limitations and discrepancies in the methodologies used and gaps in the literature on the epidemiology and outcomes of medication errors in community settings.
Early rehabilitation to prevent postintensive care syndrome in patients with critical illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fuke Ryota , Hifumi Toru , Kondo Yutaka , Hatakeyama Junji , Takei Tetsuhiro , Yamakawa Kazuma , Inoue Shigeaki , Nishida Osamu
Published: May 2018

Introduction

We examined the effectiveness of early rehabilitation for the prevention of postintensive care syndrome (PICS), characterised by an impaired physical, cognitive or mental health status, among survivors of critical illness.

Methods

We performed a systematic literature search of several databases (Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and a manual search to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effectiveness of early rehabilitation versus no early rehabilitation or standard care for the prevention of PICS. The primary outcomes were short-term physical-related, cognitive-related and mental health-related outcomes assessed during hospitalisation. The secondary outcomes were the standardised, long-term health-related quality of life scores (EuroQol 5 Dimension (EQ5D) and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Physical Function Scale (SF-36 PF)). We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach to rate the quality of evidence (QoE).

Results

Six RCTs selected from 5105 screened abstracts were included. Early rehabilitation significantly improved short-term physical-related outcomes, as indicated by an increased Medical Research Council scale score (standardised mean difference (SMD): 0.38, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.66, p=0.009) (QoE: low) and a decreased incidence of intensive care unit-acquired weakness (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.82, p=0.01, QoE: low), compared with standard care or no early rehabilitation. However, the two groups did not differ in terms of cognitive-related delirium-free days (SMD: −0.02, 95% CI −0.23 to 0.20, QoE: low) and the mental health-related Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score (OR: 0.79, 95% CI 0.29 to 2.12, QoE: low). Early rehabilitation did not improve the long-term outcomes of PICS as characterised by EQ5D and SF-36 PF.

Conclusions

Early rehabilitation improved only short-term physical-related outcomes in patients with critical illness. Additional large RCTs are needed.
Improving the quality of physical health monitoring in CAMHS for children and adolescents prescribed medication for ADHD
Authors: Oxley Cristal , Moghraby Omer S , Samuel Rani , Joyce Dan W
Published: May 2018

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by a persistent, pervasive pattern of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. Stimulant medication such as methylphenidate has an established evidence base in the treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD. However, it is also associated with a risk of side effects which may include decreased appetite, increased blood pressure and possible reduced growth. Monitoring physical health in children and adolescents prescribed medication for ADHD is a key clinical responsibility and includes a number of parameters as outlined in the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Guidelines. Ascertaining the centiles of physical observations is essential to put these into developmental context and accurately inform treatment decisions. This quality improvement project aimed to improve physical health monitoring in children and adolescents prescribed stimulant medication for ADHD within a large specialist urban inner-city Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) in South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. Baseline data were obtained to establish the quality of physical monitoring including blood pressure, height, weight and centiles. Targeted interventions included the development of a novel web-based application designed to calculate and record centiles. We report an improvement in total proportion compliance with physical health monitoring from 24% to 75%. The frequency of recording baseline blood pressure centiles increased from 0% to 62%; recording baseline height centiles increased from 37% to 81% and recording baseline weight centiles increased from 37% to 81%. Improvement in the delivery of high-quality care was achieved and sustained through close collaboration with clinicians involved in the treatment pathway in order to elicit and respond effectively to feedback for improvement and codevelop interventions which were highly effective within the clinical system. We believe this model to be replicable in other CAMHS services and ADHD clinics to improve the delivery of high-quality clinical care.
Cross-sectional associations of active transport, employment status and objectively measured physical activity: analyses from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Yang Lin , Hu Liang , Hipp J Aaron , Imm Kellie R , Schutte Rudolph , Stubbs Brendon , Colditz Graham A , Smith Lee
Published: May 2018

Background

To investigate associations between active transport, employment status and objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in a representative sample of US adults.

Methods

Cross-sectional analyses of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 5180 adults (50.2 years old, 49.0% men) were classified by levels of active transportation and employment status. Outcome measure was weekly time spent in MVPA as recorded by the Actigraph accelerometer. Associations between active transport, employment status and objectively measured MVPA were examined using multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age, body mass index, race and ethnicity, education level, marital status, smoking status, working hour duration (among the employed only) and self-reported leisure time physical activity.

Results

Patterns of active transport were similar between the employed (n=2897) and unemployed (n=2283), such that 76.0% employed and 77.5% unemployed engaged in no active transport. For employed adults, those engaging in high levels of active transport (≥90 min/week) had higher amount of MVPA than those who did not engage in active transport. This translated to 40.8 (95% CI 15.7 to 65.9) additional minutes MVPA per week in men and 57.9 (95% CI 32.1 to 83.7) additional minutes MVPA per week in women. Among the unemployed adults, higher levels of active transport were associated with more MVPA among men (44.8 min/week MVPA, 95% CI 9.2 to 80.5) only.

Conclusions

Findings from the present study support interventions to promote active transport to increase population level physical activity. Additional strategies are likely required to promote physical activity among unemployed women.
Physical activity and asthma: cause or consequence? A bidirectional longitudinal analysis
Authors: Cassim Raisa , Milanzi Elasma , Koplin Jennifer J , Dharmage Shyamali C , Russell Melissa Anne
Published: May 2018

Background

There is increasing interest in the role physical activity (PA) can play in the development and management of asthma. Understanding whether PA can have a positive effect is hindered by the potential influence of asthma on PA and a lack of relevant longitudinal data, leading to a debate on the existence and direction of these links. The aim of this study was to explore whether having asthma results in lower PA levels, and/or whether lower PA levels lead to more asthma in children and adolescents.

Methods

In a population-based study of 4983 children, data on asthma and PA were collected via questionnaires and time use diaries biennially, between the ages of 6 and 14. Current asthma was defined as use of asthma medications or wheeze in the past year, and incident asthma was defined as doctor’s diagnosis since the previous wave. PA was time spent doing moderate-to-vigorous physical activities in a day. Bidirectionality of this relationship was investigated using cross-lagged structural equational models.

Results

PA was not longitudinally associated with incident or current asthma. Similarly, there was no evidence that incident or current asthma predicted PA at any of the ages.

Conclusions

Using a novel strategy to investigate bidirectionality between PA and asthma, our results suggest that asthma and PA participation are not longitudinally associated in either direction. Our findings suggest that PA does not play an important role in the development or persistence of asthma.
Chronic health disparities among refugee and immigrant children in Canada
Authors: Lane Ginny , Farag Marwa , White Judy , Nisbet Christine , Vatanparast Hassan
Published: May 2018

There are knowledge gaps in our understanding of the development of chronic disease risks in children, especially with regard to the risk differentials experienced by immigrants and refugees. The Healthy Immigrant Children study employed a mixed-methods cross-sectional study design to characterize the health and nutritional status of 300 immigrant and refugee children aged 3–13 years who had been in Canada for less than 5 years. Quantitative data regarding socioeconomic status, food security, physical activity, diet, and bone and body composition and anthropometric measurements were collected. Qualitative data regarding their experiences with accessing health care and their family lifestyle habits were gathered through in-depth interviews with the parents of newcomer children. Many newcomers spoke about their struggles to attain their desired standard of living. Regarding health outcomes, significantly more refugees (23%) had stunted growth when compared with immigrants (5%). Older children, those with better-educated parents, and those who consumed a poorer-quality diet were at a higher risk of being overweight or obese. Sixty percent of refugees and 42% of immigrants had high blood cholesterol. Significant health concerns for refugee children include stunting and high blood cholesterol levels, and emerging trends indicate that older immigrant children from privileged backgrounds in low-income countries may be more at risk of overweight and obesity. A variety of pathways related to their families’ conceptualization of life in Canada and the social structures that limit progress to meeting their goals likely influence the development of health inequity among refugee and immigrant children. Public health initiatives should address these health inequities among newcomer families.
Growth, freezing tolerance, and yield performance of alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) cultivars grown under controlled and field conditions in northern latitudes
Authors: Seppänen Mervi M. , Alitalo Ville , Bäckström Hanna K. , Mäkiniemi Kirsi , Jokela Venla , Falghera-Winseman Luisa , Khazaei Hamid
Published: May 2018

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most popular forage legume crops worldwide. Its cultivation in the boreal and sub-boreal zone is restricted by inadequate winter hardiness, but global warming may increase its adaptability in these latitudes. Here, we examined variation in growth and freezing tolerance of four alfalfa cultivars recommended for the northern temperate climates of Europe (Alexis, Lavo, Live, and Nexus) and two cultivars with adaptation to milder or Mediterranean climates (Rangelander and Hunter River). Two experiments under controlled conditions (growth cessation and cold acclimation experiments) along with a 2-yr field experiment were conducted. Lavo was the most freezing-tolerant cultivar in both the cold acclimation and field experiments. Both Rangelander and Hunter River showed poor freezing tolerance. Lavo responded to decreasing temperatures, unlike the response to shorter day length, by allocating biomass to the roots. In general, better freezing tolerance was associated with high total nonstructural carbohydrate and low starch content. The field experiment results revealed that the more freezing-tolerant cultivars may have some advantages regarding yield, especially in the second year, but the differences between the cultivars were modest.
Using soybean pedigrees to identify genomic selection signatures associated with long-term breeding for cultivar improvement
Authors: Grainger Christopher M. , Letarte Jocelyne , Rajcan Istvan
Published: May 2018

Genetic hitchhiking methods used to uncover selection signatures related to traits of agronomic importance in crops have primarily been used at the level of domestication by comparing groups of wild germplasm to landraces or elite breeding lines. In this study, two groups of cultivars defined by an elite Canadian soybean cultivar, ‘OAC Bayfield’, were compared to identify selection signatures related to long-term breeding within a specific region. Cultivars were assigned to either a pre- or post-OAC Bayfield group. Of the 162 simple sequence repeat markers used to genotype members of the pedigree, 14 were fixed and 19 exhibited a selective signature. An in silico analysis compared the results in this study to quantitative trait loci (QTL) reported in SoyBase and showed that 18 out of the 19 markers with a selective signature were associated with at least one QTL. From the 80 QTL associated with the 18 markers, half were related to plant architecture, yield, or maturity. In addition, the number and type of QTL associated with the fixed versus selected loci differed, particularly for yield. Genomic regions exhibiting a selection signature may contain important loci that either need to be conserved for agronomic performance or be targeted for introgressive breeding and germplasm enrichment.
Batch Processing of Top-
k
Spatial-Textual Queries
Authors: Choudhury Farhana M. , Culpepper J. Shane , Bao Zhifeng , Sellis Timos
Published: May 2018

Since the mid-2000s, everal indexing techniques have been proposed to efficiently answer top-
k
spatial-textual queries. However, all of these approaches focus on answering one query at a time. In contrast, how to design efficient algorithms that can exploit similarities between incoming queries to improve performance has received little attention. In this article, we study a series of efficient approaches to
batch process
multiple top-
k
spatial-textual queries concurrently. We carefully design a variety of indexing structures for the problem space by exploring the effect of prioritizing spatial and textual properties on system performance. Specifically, we present an efficient traversal method, SF-S
ep
, over an existing space-prioritized index structure. Then, we propose a new space-prioritized index structure, the MIR-Tree to support a filter-and-refine based technique, SF-G
rp
. To support the processing of text-intensive data, we propose an augmented, inverted indexing structure that can easily be added into existing text search engine architectures and a novel traversal method for batch processing of the queries. In all of these approaches, the goal is to improve the overall performance by sharing the I/O costs of similar queries. Finally, we demonstrate significant I/O savings in our algorithms over traditional approaches by extensive experiments on three real datasets and compare how properties of different datasets affect the performance. Many applications in streaming, micro-batching of continuous queries, and privacy-aware search can benefit from this line of work.
Large-Scale Analysis of Genetic and Clinical Patient Data
Authors: Ritchie Marylyn D.
Published: May 2018

Biomedical data science has experienced an explosion of new data over the past decade. Abundant genetic and genomic data are increasingly available in large, diverse data sets due to the maturation of modern molecular technologies. Along with these molecular data, dense, rich phenotypic data are also available on comprehensive clinical data sets from health care provider organizations, clinical trials, population health registries, and epidemiologic studies. The methods and approaches for interrogating these large genetic/genomic and clinical data sets continue to evolve rapidly, as our understanding of the questions and challenges continue to emerge. In this review, the state-of-the-art methodologies for genetic/genomic analysis along with complex phenomics will be discussed. This field is changing and adapting to the novel data types made available, as well as technological advances in computation and machine learning. Thus, I will also discuss the future challenges in this exciting and innovative space. The promises of precision medicine rely heavily on the ability to marry complex genetic/genomic data with clinical phenotypes in meaningful ways.
Computational Methods for Understanding Mass Spectrometry–Based Shotgun Proteomics Data
Authors: Sinitcyn Pavel , Rudolph Jan Daniel , Cox Jürgen
Published: May 2018

Computational proteomics is the data science concerned with the identification and quantification of proteins from high-throughput data and the biological interpretation of their concentration changes, posttranslational modifications, interactions, and subcellular localizations. Today, these data most often originate from mass spectrometry–based shotgun proteomics experiments. In this review, we survey computational methods for the analysis of such proteomics data, focusing on the explanation of the key concepts. Starting with mass spectrometric feature detection, we then cover methods for the identification of peptides. Subsequently, protein inference and the control of false discovery rates are highly important topics covered. We then discuss methods for the quantification of peptides and proteins. A section on downstream data analysis covers exploratory statistics, network analysis, machine learning, and multiomics data integration. Finally, we discuss current developments and provide an outlook on what the near future of computational proteomics might bear.
The Accessory Olfactory System: Innately Specialized or Microcosm of Mammalian Circuitry?
Authors: Holy Timothy E.
Published: May 2018

In mammals, the accessory olfactory system is a distinct circuit that has received attention for its role in detecting and responding to pheromones. While the neuroscientific investigation of this system is comparatively new, recent advances and its compact size have made it an attractive model for developing an end-to-end understanding of such questions as regulation of essential behaviors, plasticity, and individual recognition. Recent discoveries have indicated a need to reevaluate our conception of this system, suggesting that ( a) physical principles—rather than biological necessity—play an underappreciated role in its raison d'être and that ( b) the anatomy of downstream projections is not dominated by unique specializations but instead consists of an abbreviated cortical/basal ganglia motif reminiscent of other sensorimotor systems. These observations suggest that the accessory olfactory system distinguishes itself primarily by the physicochemical properties of its ligands, but its architecture is otherwise a microcosm of mammalian neurocircuitry.
Differential Patterns of Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 4 (SFRP4) in Adipocyte Differentiation: Adipose Depot Specificity
Authors: Guan Hua , Zhang Yali , Gao Shoucui , Bai Liang , Zhao Sihai , Cheng Xian Wu , Fan Jianglin , Liu Enqi 
Published: May 2018

Background/Aims: Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) is a member of the SFRP family that acts as soluble modulators of Wnt signaling. Given the substantial rise in obesity, depot-specific fat accumulation and its associated diseases like diabetes, it is important to understand the molecular basis of depot-specific adipocyte differentiation. In the current study, we investigated the expression of SFRP4 in both subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in terms of their differentiation. Methods: White preadipocytes were isolated from the inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) from C57BL/6J mice (age: 8-week-old, male). SFRP4 expression in iWAT and eWAT preadipocytes was silenced by siRNA transfection and harvested cells for gene and protein expression analysis was performed during the differentiation. Furthermore, iWAT and eWAT preadipocytes treated with or without IL-1β were harvested for gene and protein expression analysis. Results: SFRP4 expression levels were gradually increased and proportionally associated with eWAT adipocyte differentiation toward maturation at 14 days, while iWAT adipocyte just showed an opposite tendency. Moreover, genetic (adiponectin, C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, FABP4, GLUT4 and PPARγ) analysis demonstrated that depot-specific adipogenesis in response to SFRP4 silencing in eWAT and iWAT preadipocytes. Upon IL-1β treatment, SFRP4 mRNA expression decreased significantly in iWAT adipocyte, but the expression was no significant difference in eWAT adipocyte. Conclusion: These results suggest that SFRP4 expression differentially mediates adipocyte differentiation and may play an important role in adipogenesis.
Характеристика структурних змін внутрішніх органів при гострому панкреатиті за умови поліморбідності
Authors: Bodnar Ya. Ya. , Dziubanovskyi I. Ya. , Golovata T. K. , Bodnar P. Ya. , Suslova N. O. , Bodnar L. P.
Published: May 2018

Мета роботи: з’ясувати закономірності процесів  ремоделювання внутрішніх органів померлих від ускладненого панкреатиту за  умов поліморбідності. Матеріали і методи. Проведено ретроспективний аналіз163 протоколів розтинів і патогістологічного  дослідження некропсій померлих від гострої хірургічної патології. Серед них гострий панкреатит як основне захворювання діагностовано у 30 осіб, що становить 18,5 % від усієї кількості проаналізованих протоколів.Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. За даними розтину діагностовано супутню серцево-судинну патологію, а саме атеросклероз аорти ( 73,3 %), ІХС (60,0 %), артеріальну гіпертензію (60,1 %), а також ХОЗЛ (63,3 %) і ендокринопатії  (23,3 %). В цілому індекс поліморбідності становив 4,7. Струтурною  складовою поліорганної недостатності при гострому панкреатиті є комплекс структурних змін серця, нирок, легень, печінки і надниркових залоз. Мікроскопічним  дослідженням  встановлено, що постійною складовою в патогенезі поліорганної недостатності при гострому панкреатиті є наявність різного ступеня виразності розладів кровообігу у всіх внутрішніх органах.
Безпосередні результати лікування некрозу низведеної кишки після сфінктерозберігаючих операцій у хворих на рак прямої кишки
Authors: Dumansky Yu. V. , Voloshin S. P.
Published: May 2018

Мета роботи: підвищення ефективності лікування хворих на рак прямої кишки.Матеріали та методи. Матеріалом для роботи слугували дані 271 пацієнта з некрозом низведеної кишки. Усіх хворих з даним ускладненням розділили на дві групи: контрольну (176 пацієнтів) та досліджувану (95 пацієнтів).Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Для лікування хворих контрольної групи застосовували колостомію, для лікування пацієнтів досліджуваної групи – оптимізовано тактику лікування некрозу низведеної кишки залежно від часу її виникнення і рівня некрозу: у пацієнтів з раннім високим некрозом низведеної кишки показана ампутація низведеної кишки, у пацієнтів з раннім низьким некрозом низведеної кишки показане донизведення низведеної кишки зі сторони промежини; у пацієнтів з пізнім некрозом низведеної кишки показане відключення лівої половини товстої кишки шляхом формування петельної трансверзостоми на правій половині товстої кишки з одночасним тампонуванням тазової порожнини та армуванням анального каналу для запобігання його стенозу.Інтраопераційні ускладнення спостерігали у (10,3±1,8) %, в контрольній групі – у (13,1±2,5) %. Застосування розробленої тактики дозволило знизити (p<0,05) ризик післяопераційних ускладнень у цієї категорії пацієнтів, ВР=0,54 (95 % ДІ 0,29–0,99) порівняно з раніше використовуваною методикою. Частота післяопераційних ускладнень склала (21,6 ± 3,1) % в контрольній групі і (11,6 ± 3,3) % в досліджуваній групі. Завдяки використанню розробленої тактики лікування спостерігається зменшення післяопераційної летальності у 2 рази – з (12,5 ± 2,5) % (22 пацієнти) до (6,2 ± 2,5) % (6 пацієнтів).
Морфометричний аналіз особливостей ремоделювання структур клубової кишки при резекціях різних об’ємів паренхіми печінки
Authors: Shulhai A. H. , Tatarchuk L. V. , Hnatjuk M. S.
Published: May 2018

Мета роботи: за допомогою морфологічних методів вивчити особливості ремоделювання структур клубової кишки при резекції різних об’ємів паренхіми печінки.Матеріали і методи. Комплексом морфологічних методів досліджено клубову кишку 45 статевозрілих білих щурів-самців, які були розділені на 3-ри групи. 1-ша група нараховувала 15 інтактних тварин, 2-га – 15 щурів, у яких було видалено 31,5 % паренхіми печінки, 3-тя – 15 тварин після резекції 58,1 % паренхіми печінки. Евтаназію щурів здійснювали кровопусканням в умовах тіопенталового наркозу через один місяць від початку експерименту. Із клубової кишки виготовляли гістологічні мікропрепарати. Вимірювали товщини слизової, м’язової, серозної оболонок, підслизового прошарку, довжину та ширину ворсинок, глибину, ширину крипт, висоту покривних епітеліоцитів, діаметр їх ядер, визначали ядерно-цитоплазматичні відношення в епітеліоцитах, відносний об’єм ушкоджених епітеліоцитів, підслизово-слизовий та підслизово-м’язовий індекси, стромально-міоцитарні відношення у м’язовій оболонці органа. Кількісні показники обробляли статистично.Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Встановлено, що при резекції 31,5 % паренхіми печінки досліджувані морфометричні показники змінювалися незначно. Найбільш зміненими виявилися морфометричні параметри структур клубової кишки через місяць після резекції 58,1 % паренхіми печінки. При цьому товщина слизової оболонки досліджуваного органа з високим ступенем достовірності (р < 0,001) зменшилася на 15,0 %, м'язової – на 6,1 %, а товщина підслизового прошарку зросла на 7,4 %, серозної оболонки – на 6,6 %. Підслизово-слизовий індекс збільшився на 27,2 %, а підслизово-м'язовий – на 14,4 %, порівняно з контрольними морфометричними показниками. Довжина ворсинок та глибина крипт клубової кишки, висота епітеліоцитів статистично достовірно (р<0,001) зменшилися, відповідно, на 15,7 %, 15,4 % та 14,7 %, а ширина ворсинок і крипт збільшилися на 13,3 % і 14,2 %. Ядерно-цитоплазматичні відношення у епітеліоцитах слизової оболонки клубової кишки виявилися зміненими на 38,5 %, що свідчило про виражене порушення структурного клітинного гомеостазу. Відносний об’єм ушкоджених епітеліоцитів зріс у 28 разів, а стромально-міоцитарні відношення у м’язовій оболонці збільшилися на 22,6 %, вказуючи на виражене зростання строми у м’язовій оболонці органа. Результати проведеного дослідження стверджують, що видалення великих об’ємів паренхіми печінки призводять до вираженої морфологічної перебудови (ремоделювання) структур клубової кишки, що характеризується нерівномірними диспропорційними змінами просторових характеристик структур органа, порушенням відношень між ними, судинними розладами, набряком, дистрофічними, некробіотичними змінами епітеліоцитів, ендотеліоцитів, стромальних елементів, інфільтративними та склеротичними процесами.
Діагностичні резерви деталізації гострого апендициту у вагітних
Authors: Stets M. M. , Chernenko V. M.
Published: May 2018

Мета роботи: встановити додаткові діагностичні критерії діагностики гострого апендициту у вагітних для оптимізації лікування даної патології.Матеріали і методи. В період із 2004 до 2012 р. у хірургічне відділення міської клінічної лікарні № 1, № 3 м. Києва було госпіталізовано 864 вагітні жінки, які були розділені на досліджувану (n=473) та контрольну (n=391) групи. Найчастіше зустрічався ГА – 258 (29,8 %) від усіх випадків госпіталізації. В процесі обстеження поряд із загальноприйнятими дослідженнями вивчалися гематологічні, цитологічні та імунологічні показники у вагітних із діагнозом гострий апендицит. Для оцінки патогенетичних механізмів формування запальної реакції у вагітних досліджуваної групи, а також для можливості проведення диференційної діагностики та проведення раннього прогнозування ускладнень проводили дослідження активності функціонування неспецифічної резистентності та імунологічної реактивності: НСТ-тест, визначення рівнів Ig M, Ig G, Ig E, Ig A, ПРК (прокальцитоніну), Il β-1, ФНП (фактор некрозу пухлини).Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. При проведенні біохімічних досліджень для встановлення типових додаткових маркерів ГА у вагітних ми встановили, що у пацієнтів спостерігаються ознаки розвитку ендотоксикозу, пов’язані з накопиченням токсинів мікробного походження (ТЗН), декомпенсацією функціональної активності фагоцитуючих клітин – нейтрофільних гранулоцитів (індекс стимуляції) та токсинозв’язуючої та біосентизуючої здатності печінки, коефіцієнт де Рітіса, наявність кріоглобулінів. При цьому встановлено, що у пацієнтів другої клінічною групи дані тенденції були більш виразні. Визначено, що у пацієнтів обох клінічних груп проявляють такі ознаки запальної відповіді, як підвищення концентрації основних запальних медіаторів – Іл-1 та ФНП відносно значень здорових осіб. Встановлено, що в другій основній клінічній групі данні зміни були більш виразні, що свідчить про значну активність запальних реакцій. При цьому компенсуюча дія протизапальних медіаторів була знижена, що може бути причиною декомпенсованої реакції та причиною розвитку ризику системної запальної відповіді.
Пам’яті хірурга, науковця, колеги
Authors: Тернопілля Асоціація хірургів
Published: May 2018

Максимлюк Володимир Іванович народився 13 вересня 1952 р. в м. Тернополі.
O meio é a mediação: uma visão pós-fenomenológica da mediação datacrática
Authors: Radfahrer Luli
Published: May 2018

As technological innovations transform communication processes, Jesus Martín-Barbero’s Theory of Mediations continues to play a fundamental role in the epistemological debates about the environment of communications in interactive networks. Social media, which, according to a postphenomenological approach, have intentionality and moral agency, have become the preferential mediations of contemporary communications, turning collective environments into datacracies, regimes in which databases and algorithms have great influence on decision making. The Theory of Mediations, by evidencing the importance of the communicative nature of Culture, is essential for the identification of the influence of communication in contemporary ideological formation.
A teoria barberiana da comunicação
Authors: Lopes Maria Immacolata Vassallo de
Published: May 2018

Within the milestone of the 30 years of the book De los medios a las mediaciones, we intend to make a kind of diurne map of the work of Jesús Martín-Barbero. We propose to demonstrate that Martín-Barbero’s communicational thought does not conform to a theory of reception nor to a theory of mediations, but it constitutes a specific theory of communication, characterized by its own epistemology, methodology and concepts, which we call Barberian theory of communication. We intend to demonstrate it through three axes of analysis: 1) the epistemology of communication, with the metaphor of the epistemological chill that makes the rupture in the communicational knowledge; 2) the cartography as a method to promote new parameters of knowledge representation; 3) the theoretical-methodological maps that are the “nocturne map” and four maps of the mediations.
A ausência de Jesús Martín-Barbero nos estudos de Comunicação em Portugal
Authors: Cunha Isabel Ferin , Castilho Fernanda
Published: May 2018

The objective of this work is to discuss the absence of Jesús Martín-Barbero in studies on communication sciences in Portugal. Considering that academic flows between Brazil and Portugal are intense, we would have as hypothesis the sharing of bibliography and methodologies from the introduction of Brazilian and Latin American authors in Portugal and of Portuguese authors in Brazil. However, this sharing is sporadic on both sides of the Atlantic, and it does not include Martín-Barbero systematically. Therefore, we aim to trace his presence, especially in reception and culture studies, and the determine the reasons that lead to such little presence in the context of Portuguese research.
Dos meios às mediações: 3 introduções
Authors: Martín-Barbero Jesús
Published: May 2018

From the media to mediations: 3 Introductions
CRISPR-Mediated Gene Editing to Assess the Roles of Tet2 and Dnmt3a in Clonal Hematopoiesis and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Sano Soichi , Oshima Kosei , Wang Ying , Katanasaka Yasufumi , Sano Miho , Walsh Kenneth
Published: May 2018

Rationale:

Clonal hematopoiesis has been associated with increased mortality and cardiovascular disease. This condition can arise from somatic mutations in preleukemic driver genes within hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Approximately 40 candidate driver genes have been identified, but mutations in only 1 of these genes, TET2 (ten-eleven translocation-2), has been shown to casually contribute to cardiovascular disease in murine models.

Objective:

To develop a facile system to evaluate the disease characteristics of different clonal hematopoiesis driver genes using lentivirus vector and CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat–associated 9) methodology. Using this methodology, evaluate whether Dnmt3a (DNA [cytosine-5]-methyltransferase 3a)—a commonly occurring clonal hematopoiesis driver gene—causally contributes to cardiovascular disease.

Methods and Results:

Lentivirus vectors were used to deliver Cas9 and guide RNA to introduce inactivating mutations in Tet2 and Dnmt3a in lineage-negative bone marrow cells. After implantation into lethally irradiated mice, these cells were engrafted and gave rise to labeled blood cell progeny. When challenged with an infusion of Ang II (angiotensin II), mice with inactivating mutations in Tet2 or Dnmt3a displayed greater cardiac hypertrophy, diminished cardiac function, and greater cardiac and renal fibrosis. In comparison with Tet2, inactivation of Dnmt3a did not lead to detectable expansion of the mutant hematopoietic cells during the time course of these experiments. Tet2 inactivation promoted the expression of IL (interleukin) 1β, IL-6, and Ccl5, whereas Dnmt3a inactivation promoted the expression of Cxcl1 (CXC chemokine ligand), Cxcl2, IL-6, and Ccl5 in a lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage cell line.

Conclusions:

Experiments using lentivirus vector/CRISPR methodology provided evidence suggesting that inactivating DNMT3A mutations in hematopoietic cells contributes to cardiovascular disease. Comparative analyses showed that inactivation of Tet2 and Dnmt3 was similar in their ability to promote Ang II-induced cardiac dysfunction and renal fibrosis in mice. However, gene-specific actions were indicated by differences in kinetics of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell expansion and different patterns of inflammatory gene expression.