bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SEA LEVEL VARIATION AND GEOSTROPHIC CURRENT OF THE SUNDA STRAIT BASED ON TIDAL AND WIND DATA IN YEAR 2008
Authors: Oktavia Resni , Pariwono John Iskandar , Manurung Parluhutan
Published: January 2018

Sea level variation from four tide-gauge data in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia, in the year 2008 has been studied by using Wavelet 1 D Daubechius 1 level 5 type and Fast Fourier Transform methods. The hourly sea level variation in April and November (representing transitional seasonal conditions) is approximately +0.49 m; whereas in January (representing Northwest Monsoon condition) and July (representing Southeast Monsoon condition) can reach up to -0.48 m. In 2008, sea level variation in the Sunda Strait is mainly influenced by the monsoon. Results from this study show that there are at least three phenomena of sea level variations in the Sunda Strait, namely (1) seasonal variation (periodicity between 4-6 months) where it is believed influenced by the Java Sea; (2) intra-seasonal (periodicity between 1-3 months), which is more influenced by the Indian Ocean; and (3) tidal forcing (periodicity between 14-17 days, suggesting fortnightly tidal forces) which propagates from the Indian Ocean into the Sunda Strait. Result from surface geostrophic approximation calculation suggests that during Southeast Monsoon (June-August), monthly mean current flows southwestwardly towards the Indian Ocean with a velocity of 0.14-0.16 m/s. Whereas during Northwest monsoon (December-February), current flows northeastwardly towards the Java Sea with a velocity of 0.14-0.17 m/s. Furthermore, on the daily time scale, tidal current in the Sunda Strait flows into the Java Sea (Indian Ocean) during high tide (low tide) with a velocity ranging from 0.51 to 0.72 m/s (0.48 to 0.51 m/s).Keywords: sea level variation, geostrophic approximation, tides, monsoon, Sunda Strait
A CONCEPTUAL MODEL ANALYSIS OF SST INFLUENCE ON MARINE BIOTA IN THE SOUTH JAVA SEA
Authors: Sulaiman Albert , Hendiarti Nani , Hendiarti Nani
Published: January 2018

We developed a conceptual coupled atmosphere-ocean-ecosystem model for the South Java seas to investigate interaction between marine biota and SST variability due to monsoon-forced. Ocean and atmosphere are represented by a box model for one dimensional water column. The equation of motions of the zonal wind stress and SST are represented in term of nonlinear oscillator model. Marine biota are represented by three components (nutrient, phytoplankton and zooplankton) of NPZ Edward-Brindley model. The marine ocean-atmosphere coupling mechanism is done through the absorption of blue light by phytoplankton. The system of nonlinear dynamical equation is solved by using Matlab ODE solvers. Monthly SST data is used to compare the model. Result showed that the period and amplitude of oscillation of SST and ecosystem component strongly depend on the parameter choice which describes the dynamical characteristic of the system. The SST and ecosystem variability will strongly correlate with monsoonal wind if we choose the parameter of light attenuation by water 0.2 m-1. Strong seasonal variations associated with monsoonal winds were observed for SST, phytoplankton and zooplankton concentration. On the other hand, the nutrient concentration shows a weak seasonal variationKeywords: SST, NPZ, monsoon, delayed oscillator
CONDITIONS OF MARITIME METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY IN THE VICINITY OF KOTOK ISLAND, SERIBU ISLANDS: APRIL 2011
Authors: Lubis Atika , Yosi Mira
Published: January 2018

Meteorological data measurement by an Automatic Weather Station (AWS) were carried out at the pier of Kotok Island for East Monsoon period on April 2011 to obtain the changes phenomenon of maritime meteorological parameter and their correlation with the changes of oceanographic condition in shallow waters area and its surrounding. The measurement consists of surface wind parameter, air temperature, humidity, air pressure, and oceanographic data observations such as batimetry, tide, sea current, sea surface temperature, and salinity distributions. Result of maritime meteorological assessment obtained from previous reports (1980, 1998, and 2001) showed that the changes of the maximum air temperature were relatively significant. Furthermore, the air pressure data at the sea surface increased approximately 1.3 mBar. Nevertheless, other meteorological data seemed to be less significant in changes, but indicated a strong correlation with the pattern of tidal current and propagated waves to the shoreline. The changes of oceanographic parameter in the shallow water area were triggered the sedimentation processes, so that the coral reef growth might be decreased.Keywords: Maritime meteorology, oceanographic parameter, flat coral reef
INFLUENCES OF UPWELLING DURATION AND INTENSITY BASED ON SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALY TOWARD PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY VARIABILITY IN INDONESIAN WATERS
Authors: Kemili Putri , Putri Mutiara R.
Published: January 2018

The existence of upwelling generally increases waters productivity. However, the influence of upwelling could be different based on location and time. The difference of upwelling duration and intensity (strength) can affect the variability of primary productivity in Indonesian waters. The estimation of primary productivity during the period of January 2000 to December 2007 was conducted using Carbon-based Production Model (CbPM). Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) Anomaly data on the same period was used as parameter to determine the upwelling conditions. The study locations were west coast of Sumatra, south waters of East Java to East Nusa Tenggara, Banda Sea, Gulf of Bone, Maluku Sea and Halmahera Sea. The results showed that in the south of East Java and Banda Sea have upwelling with longer duration (3–4 months) and higher intensity (decrease in temperature reached >2°C below average), the primary productivity was higher than other locations. Halmahera Sea showed the existence of upwelling only at certain time when El Niño occurred, while Gulf of Bone and Maluku Sea showed the occurrence of upwelling during southeast season only with 2–3 months of duration and vary intensity, which shown with the decrease in temperature ranging from 0,5–1,8oC below average. El-Niño and dipole mode in Indonesia waters generally caused longer duration and stronger intensity of upwelling producing more productivity than normal years.Keywords: Upwelling, Primary Productivity, Carbon-based Production Model
CULTURE OF EMPEROR SNAPPER Lutjanus sebae
Authors: Melianawati Regina , Aryati Restiana Wisnu
Published: January 2018

Emperor snapper Lutjanus sebae is one of marine fishery commodities with high economic value, therefore capture rate of this fish is very high. To maintain its sustainability in nature, the culture of this species should be done in proper manner to support their conservation. This study was aimed to determine the culture technology of emperor snapper L. sebae. The eggs for this study was taken from wild broodstocks that have been domesticated in concrete rearing tank. Larval rearing was done in 500 liter polyethylene tank placed in hatchery. Phytoplankton Nannochloropsis oculata was used during larval rearing period. Larvae was fed with zooplanktons such as rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis and copepod Tisbe holothuriae in the beginning of rearing and artemia starting in day 16. Observed parameters were absorption of endogenous energy, preferrence of food, larval growth and survival rate. The result indicated that total length of newly hatched larvae were 2,44-2,63 mm, while yolk sac and oil globule were 179x10-3 - 183 x10-3 mm3 and 0,66x10-3 - 0,67x10-3 mm3, respectively. Yolk sac was absorbed at 60 hours after hatching, while oil globule almost totally absorbed at 80 hours after hatching. Live food rotifers were dominantly preferred by larvae until 10 days old, while copepods and artemia were preferred after 12 and 16 days. Larval rearing period was 22-29 days at water temperature 28.5-30.0°C. Survival rate of larvae were between 1.5 until 2.1%, while juveniles were 84.00-100.00%.Keywords: Emperor snapper, L. sebae, culture technology
REPRODUCTION ASPECTS OF THE YELLOWFIN TUNA (Thunnus albacares)
Authors: Andamari Retno , Hutapea Jhon Haryanto , Prisantoso Budi Iskandar
Published: January 2018

Tuna is one of the important fishery commodities in Indonesia, including tuna caught by longliners in Indian Ocean. The most popular of tuna is yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). Currently, the production of tuna based on the capture fisheries, therefore, in order to preserve its sustainability, the understanding of the biological and reproduction aspect is required. Research on the biological reproduction of this species was conducted at Gondol Research Institute for Mariculture. Samples of female gonad were collected from Indian Ocean tuna longliners during April to July 2009 from the processing companies within Benoa Port. Result of the histological analysis on 128 female gonads showed that majority of gonads were at the early development level and the only 16 gonads have reached at the mature level. The analysis of the oocyte development showed the asynchronous, indicating that yellowfin tuna is a multiple spawner.Keywords: yellowfin tuna, gonad, asynchronous
ABUNDANCE OF DIATOM AT THE GUMILAMO AND MAGALIHO ISLAND, NORTH HALMAHERA
Authors: Astuti Rina Puji , Imanto Philip Teguh , Sumiarsa Gede S.
Published: January 2018

Observation on abundance of diatom has been conducted in Gumilamo-Magaliho waters, North Halmahera. The aims of this study were to identify and analyze daily fluctuations of diatom abundance also analyze the biological indices in the plankton in that waters and . Sampling was conducted at three stations representing the strait, mangrove areas and estuary. Plankton were collected using a plankton net no.25. Sampling was carried out for 24 hours with six hour interval. Identification and counting of cells using a microscope with 400x magnification. The results showed that seven genera of diatoms were found: Chaetoceros sp. with the highest of cells abundance (5.061 cells/L), successively followed by Nitzschia sp. (611 cells/L), Thalassionema sp. (569 cells/L), Skeletonema sp. (446 cells/L), Coscinodiscus sp. (176 cells/L), Navicula sp. (40 cells/L) and Amphora sp. (11 cells/L). At station I and II showed that the maximum abundance occurred at 6 am, and the minimum abundance occurred at 6 pm. At station III the maximum abundance occurred at midnight and a minimum abundance occurred at noon. Diatoms showed different daily fluctuations at different time and stations. The supporting diversity index value of medium, low uniformity, and no dominance factor causing the Gumilamo-Magaliho waters can be developed for aquaculture.Keywords: diatom, diatom abundance
EFFECT OF CALCIUM – PHOSPHOROUS WITH DIFFERENT RATIO ON NUTRIENT RETENSION AND CHANGES THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TIGER SHRIMP JUVENILE (Penaeus monodon FABR.)
Authors: Zainuddin Zainuddin
Published: January 2018

Calcium and phosphorous are two important minerals because of their functions for growth and bone mineralization as well as lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms. The study purposes were to determine the effects of calcium and phosphorus with different ratios of nutrient retention and chemical composition changes of juvenile shrimp body. Organism used in this experiment were juvenile tiger prawns with an average weight of 3.43 ± 0.05 g/fish. Stocking density was 6 fish per aquarium (size 60cmx50cmx40cm). This research was formulated according to completely randomized design with four treatments and three replicates. The treatments applied were the ratio of calcium and phosphorus in shrimp food i.e., A (Ca/P=1:0,5), B (Ca/P=1:1,0), C (Ca/P=1:1.5) and D (Ca/P=1:2,0 ). Food was served four times per day i.e. 07.00 AM, 11.00 AM, 15.00 PM, and 21.00 PM.. The juvenile tiger prawns maintained for 8 weeks. The results showed that calcium and phosphorus with different ratios in the diet did not give effect to the retention of nutrients include protein, fat, calcium, and phosphorus. While the provision of calcium and phosphorus in different ratios to changes in body chemical composition includes protein, fat and ash content of juvenile tiger prawns have a significant effect except for crude fiber and BETN not significant. The result indicated that the ratio of Ca and P with a value of 1:1.0 to 1:1.5 gave better effect in changing the chemical composition of juvenile shrimp body.Keywords: tiger shrimp juvenile, retention of nutrients, chemical composition
ZOOPLANKTON SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN BANGGAI SEA
Authors: Rachman Arief , Asniariati Elly
Published: January 2018

Banggai Sea is an interesting ecosystem due to mixing influences from Banda Sea in the west and Maluccas Sea in the east. Therefore, a unique zooplankton community structure and specific distribution pattern should be found in this area. This research was carried on using Baruna Jaya VIII research vessel and samples were collected in 14 sampling stations. Vertical towing using NORPAC plankton net (300 μm) was conducted to collect zooplankton samples. Result showed that inner Mesamat Bay had the lowest abundance of zooplankton, probably due to low water quality resulted from anthropogenic activity. Meanwhile the strait between Liang and Labobo Island had the highest zooplankton abundance in Banggai Sea. Calanoids was the dominant zooplankton taxa in the ecosystem and contributing 55.7% of total density of zooplankton community. The highest importance value made this taxa to be very important factor that regulates the lower trophic level organisms. Results also showed that zooplankton was distributed nearly uniform in eastern but aggregated to several stations in western Banggai Sea. Zooplankton abundance was higher in the central of Banggai Sea, compared to western and eastern area. According to Bray-Curtis clustering analysis the strait between Liang and Labobo Island has unique zooplankton community structure. This might happened due to mixing of water from two highly productive seas that influenced the Banggai Sea ecosystem. From this research we conclude that this strait probably was the zooplankton hot spot area which might also indicate that this area also a hot spot of fishes in the Banggai Sea.Keywords: spatial distribution, zooplankton, community structure, hot spot, Banggai
SEA WATER QUALITY OBSERVED FROM NUTRIENT ASPECT, DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND PH IN THE BANGGAI WATERS, CENTRAL SULAWESI
Authors: Simanjuntak Marojahan
Published: January 2018

Banggai Waters, Central Sulawesi is very important because the waters is very rich in marine resources and its oceanographic  conditions are affected by land and Banda Sea. This research was conducted in June-July 2011 using a research vessel Baruna Jaya VIII. The research objective was to determine water quality based on as an indicator of fertility waters and factors influencing the water quality.  The parameters studied were phosphate, nitrate, silicate, dissolved oxygen, and acidity (pH). Water samples were collected using Niskin Bottle attached with CTD form three different depths i.e., surface (0-1 m), middle (20-100 m), and near bottom layer (100-200 m) at 14 stations.  Concentrations of phosphate, nitrate, and silicate were analyzed according to the method of Strickland and Parsons. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were measured by Winkler method. The degree of acidity (pH) was measured with pH meter Cyber ​​Scan 300. The results indicated that nutrient concentrations were generally higher in eastern and southern waters. Phosphate concentrations ranged from 0,04–1.70 µg A/l; nitrate 0.28–27.23 µg A/l, and silicate 1.96–46.56 µg A/l. Dissolved oxygen concentrations ranged from 2.14–4.15 ml/l, and pH values ​​from 7.95–8.26. In reference to the quality standards set by the Ministry of Environment (KMNLH), the Banggai Waters, Central Sulawesi is still in good conditions for the life of various biota.. Keywords: water quality, fertility waters, nutrients, Banggai Waters
WATER CONDITIONS OF CORAL REEFS WITH FORAMINIFERA BENTHIC AS BIOINDICATOR BASED FORAM INDEX IN BANGGAI ISLANDS, PROVINCE OF CENTRAL SULAWESI
Authors: Aulia Khairunisa N. , Kasmara Hikmat , Erawan Tatang S. , Natsir Suhartati M.
Published: January 2018

Research of water condition of coral reefs with foraminifera benthic as bioindicator based on FORAM Index (FI) in Banggai Islands, Province of Central Sulawesi was conducted by P2O-LIPI, Jakarta team in July 2011.  This study was an exploratory research, conducted using survey methods. Sediment sampling was collected by a Van Veen Grab and measurement of other biotic and abiotic parameters was performed in 8 point sampling stations scattered in Banggai islands. Sediment samples were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively to identify the types of foraminifera, determines FORAM Index, and find out  the relationship between FORAM Index with condition of coral reefs views by coral cover. The results showed that foraminifera benthonic as bioindicator were 75 species, which belong to  33 genera. Water conditions of Banggai Islands by FORAM Index (FI) values ​​ranged from 2.99 to 5.54. There was a fairly close relationship between FI with condition of coral reefs views by percentage coral cover in Banggai Islands. Keywords : coral reefs, FORAM Index, foraminifera benthic, Banggai Islands
ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN TANJUNG BALAI DISTRICT, NORTH SUMATERA: MANGROVE FOREST ECOLOGICAL FACTORS
Authors: Fahriansyah Fahriansyah , Yoswaty Dessy
Published: January 2018

District of Tanjungbalai characterized by mangrove ecosystem with mud and sandy beaches has the potential to be developed for marine ecotourism. One way to maintain the existence of mangrove forests from destruction or extinction is to develop the Tanjungbalai district to be an ecotourism area. The research objective was to determine the potential ecological mangrove forest to be developed as an ecotourism area. The study was conducted in August-November 2011, using survey methods. Primary data were obtained through direct observation in the village of Bagan Asahan, Asahan Mati and Sungai Apung on mangrove community structure (density value) and ecological potential. Data analyses for suitability tourism index were based on Yulianda (2007). The results showed that the mangrove forest in the Tanjungbalai District had a good density in the category of very dense (the value of 1778 ind./Ha), mainly consisting of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Xylocarpus granatum, Rhizophora mucronata and Rhizophora apiculata. Suitability tourism index in the Tanjungbalai District was very suitable (S1) for mangrove tourism development including Village of Bagan Asahan (score 65, IKW 85.53%), Asahan Mati (score 61, IKW 80.26%) and Asahan Apung (score of 61, IKW 80.26%). Ecologically, mangrove forests in the district of Tanjungbalai is potential to serve as a mangrove ecotourism area. Keywords: mangrove forest, potential ecological, ecotourism development
CONCENTRATION OF Hg, Cd, Cu, Pb AND Zn IN SEDIMENT OF GRESIK WATERS
Authors: Lestari Lestari , Budiyanto Fitri
Published: January 2018

Gresik coastal waters is one of the areas that have a potential risk for environmental damage due to anthropogenic activities. Water and sediment samples were collected to determin  metals concentration and to identify sediment quality in February 2012. Twelve samples were collected for analysis of mercury (Hg) and four other metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn). Mercury was analyzed using USEPA method 7471B with Flameless-AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) varian type SpectarAA VGA 20-76 and the other metals were analyzed using USEPA 30050B with Flame-AAS. Results showed that ranges and average concentrations of Hg were 0.04-0.33 (0.13) mg/kg, Cd 0.08-3.05 (0.64) mg/kg, Cu 23.7-234.0 (85.5) mg/kg, Pb 1.74-12.7 (4.29) mg/kg, and Zn 77.0-405.0 (133.0) mg/kg. Metals with high concentrations were detected in some places and by SQG-Q, surface sediment showed a moderate impact level of biological adverse effects in aquatic sediments. Keywords: mercury, heavy metal, sediment, Gresik.
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT AND HATCHING EGGS RATIO OF BLACKSADDLED CORAL GROUPER (Plectropoma laevis) AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE MEDIA
Authors: Andriyanto Wawan , Slamet Bejo , Ariawan I Made Dharma Jaya
Published: January 2018

In seed production, the success of spawning and egg production is very important to mantain the cultivating sustainability. The quantity and quality of the blacksaddled coral grouper eggs should be properly manipulated to produce the higher values. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different temperatures on the results of hatch success (embryo development, incubation time, hatching rate and larvae abnormality). The eggs used were obtained from natural spawning and collected with egg collector. The fertilized eggs were incubated in four pieces of container and were treated with different temperatures of 26°C, 28°C, 30°C, and 32°C which each treatment was repeated 3 times. The incubation equipment with automatic temperature control was used in this treatment. The results showed that the eggs which were incubated at 32°C produced a faster of embryonic development and hatch within 14 hours while the temperature of 26°C took 18 hours to hatch. However, the temperature of 32°C resulted in low egg hatchability, with 60.29%, as well as the abnormalities of 8.42%. The best temperature of each treatment was obtained at the incubation temperature of 30°C, whereas the phase of the hatch was achieved within 15 hours, with egg hatchability of 92.25% and the abnormality of 6.29%. From these results, it can be concluded that the optimum incubation temperature for Blacksaddled coral grouper was 30°C. Keywords: hatching, egg of Blacksaddled coral grouper, Plectropoma laevis, incubation temperature.
TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY AT SENUNU BAY, WEST SUMBAWA
Authors: Hidayat Syamsul , Purba Mulia , Waworuntu Jorina
Published: January 2018

The purposes of this study were to determine the variability of temperature and its relation to regional processes in the Senunu Bay. The result showed clear vertical stratifications i.e., mixed layer thickness about 39-119 m with isotherm of 27°C, thermocline layer thickness about 83-204 m with isotherm of 14–26°C, and  the deeper layer from the thermocline lower limit to the sea bottom with isotherm <13°C. Temperature and the thickness of each layers varied with season in which during the Northwest Monsoon the temperature was warmer and the mixed layer was thicker than those during Southeast Monsoon. During Southeast Monsoon, the thermocline layer rose  about 24 m. The 2001, 2006, and 2009 (weak La Nina years),  the Indonesia Throughflow (ITF) carried warmer water, deepening thermocline depth and reducing upwelling strength.  In 2003 and 2008 thickening of mixed layer occurred in transition season  was believed  associated with the  arrival of Kelvin Wave from the west. In 2002 and 2004 (weak El Nino period,) ITF carries colder water shallowing thermocline depth and enhancing upwelling strength. In 2007 was believed to be related with positive IODM where the sea surface temperature were decreasing due to intensification of southeast wind which induced strong upwelling. The temperature spectral density of mixed layer and thermocline was influenced by annual, semi-annual, intra-annual and inter-annual period fluctuations. The cross-correlation between wind and temperature showed significant value in the annual period.  Keywords: temperature, thermocline, variability, ENSO, IODM.
IMPLANTATION OF LHRH-a HORMONE TO STIMULATION OF GONAD DEVELOPMENT OF HUMPBACK GROUPER SECOND GENERATION ( F-2 )
Authors: Tridjoko Tridjoko
Published: January 2018

This study aimed to determine the effect of LHRH-a hormone implantation on gonadal development of humpback grouper, Cromileptes altivelis 2nd generation (F-2). Individuals used were 20 female grouper fish with weight range of 600-800 gram/fish and total length range of 28.0-30.0 cm. The treatment used 5 fish each with tagging. Grouper fishes were stocked into the 75 m3 circular concrete tank. Hormone of LHRH-a with dosage of 50 μg/kg body weight was used as implant treatment of (A) 1 time,, (B) 2 times, (C) 3 times, and (D) without implant. The results showed that implantation of LHRH-a hormone were significantly stimulate gonad development of humpback grouper second generation (F-2). Treatment of 3 times implant every month showed the best results produced  oocyte diameter up to 480 μm, while the control of oocyte diameter only reached <400 μm. Keywords: LHRH-a hormone, implantation, Humpback grouper, gonad development
THE COMPOSITION OF SPESIES AND CHANGES IN REEF FISHES COMMUNITY AT ECOREEF REHABILITATION SITE, MANADO TUA ISLAND, BUNAKEN NATIONAL PARK
Authors: Setiawan Fakhrizal , Razak Tries B. , Idris Idris , Estradivari Estradivari
Published: January 2018

The study conducted from 2006 to 2012 with an interval of every two years in the ecoreef area of ​​ Manado Tua island found 2,936 individual reef fishes of 181 species that include into 32 families. Species composition value of the 10 dominant species of reef fishes was 55.48% of the total species. The highest number of species was Plotosus lineatus with schooling behavior which only discovered in 2010 at a depth of 3 meters. Ecoreef area of Manado Tua island, when analyzed from the abundance and biomass of reef fishes exhibited a succession of reef fish that have been stable, with peak abundance and higher biomass in 2008 and 2010. Reef fish found in ecoreef seemed to start a new living and become a new habitat for them. These were indicated by the highest biomass during the previous year but the number of individuals and spesies were decline. There was no change in the structure of reef fish communities in the ecoreef area of Manado Tua Island, which characterized by non significant different ecological index between the years. Cluster analyses grouped reef fish species into 2 groups i.e., the group of 2006 and the group of 2008, 2010, and 2012. Early survey in 2006 showed lower abundance of reef fish species for allegedly associated with low ecoreef organisms. Keywords:  ecoreef, spesies composition, community structure, reef fish.
MICROHABITAT PREFERENCE OF SEASTAR IN HARI ISLAND WATERS, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI
Authors: Gaffar Syamsidar , Zamani Neviaty P , Purwati Pradina
Published: January 2018

The objective of this study was to explore the information on the microhabitat preference of asteroidea in Hari Island Waters, Southeast Sulawesi.  The specimens were collected in August 2012 and December 2012. The methods used in this study were road sampling technique, freehandpicking, and observation. The geographical coordinate position of the asteroidea and microhabitat were recorded by using GPS and then mapped by using the ArcGIS 10.1.  Asteroidea map was overlayed with microhabitat map to determine the microhabitat preference. The study found 9 species of asteroidea belonging to 7 generas, 4 families, and 2 orders. All the asteroidea were relatively common species in the tropical shallow waters. The species were distributed along sides of the island with majority found in the northern side. The dominant species, Linckia laevigata, was found in all microhabitat which had beed adapted to various microhabitat conditions and water fluctuation. Based on area of distribution and population density, seastar tended to use reef coral as its microhabitat preference since reef coral could serve as a food source and habitat protection. Keywords: Seastar, microhabitat preference, Hari island
DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF ECHINODERMS AT WEDA BAY WATERS, NORTH MALUKU
Authors: Radjab Abdul Wahab , Rumahenga Semuel Agustinus , Soamole Ahmad , Polnaya Dominggus , Barends Wempy
Published: January 2018

Weda Bay located  at Halmahera Island, North Maluku was rich in fishes, sea cucumbers, crabs, shrimp, and alge resources. Research on diversity and density of echinoderms at Weda Bay, North Maluku was limited and therefore it was lack on data and information of the biota. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity and density of echinoderms at Weda Bay, North Maluku. This research was conducted in March 2013 including transects and free collection of 6 stations contained echinoderms. The results showed that the overall echinoderms were found 23 species of 17 generas, 12 families, 10 orders, and 5 classes. Based on classes, the highest density of echinoderms was Asteroidea of 0.0456 ind/m2 (43.76 %) foundin the seagrass sand  habitat.  Meanwhile,  the  lowest  density was  Crinoidea  of 0.0002 ind/m2 (0.19%) found in corals habitats. Keywords: diversity, density, echinoderms, Weda bay, North Maluku.
GONADAL DEVELOPMENT OF DOMESTICATED CORAL TROUT (Plectropomus leopardus) REARED IN FLOATING NET CAGE
Authors: Sembiring Sari BM , Andamari R , Muzaki A , Wardana I K , Hutapea J H , Widya A Ni Wayan
Published: January 2018

Research on Coral trout breeding has been started since 2002 at the Institute of Mariculture Research and Development and currently some hatcheries are being developed around the institute using natural broodstock. To promote the success on this breeding program, it is necessary to study the reproduction development of domesticated coral trout. The fishes were reared in floating net cage. Observation were conducted on 163 fishes in June 2013 with body weight range from 710 -2020 g (average of 1.393 g) and total length with range of 34-49.5 cm. Fishes were dissected and taken  out their gonad for histology preparedness. Histology analyses found that there were 156 female, 2 hermaprodite, 2 male, and 3 unidentified fishes. All female fishes were on early gonadal development (stage I and II with gonadal maturation index of observed coral trout ranged from 0.1 to 1.83). Further analyses showed that several different stages of gonad were found in the same gonad and concluded that coral trout was multiple spawnning order (asynchrounous). Based on the data above, it was concluded that gonad maturation of Coral trout is able to develop in domestication system in floating net cage. Keywords: Gonad, Coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus), hystology, floating net cage
THE ADDITION OF Ulva reticulata AS A STIMULANT INTO ARTIFICIAL FEED ON THE GONAD CONDITION OF THE COLLECTOR SEA URCHIN (Tripneustes gratilla LINNAEUS 1758)
Authors: Purbiantoro Wahyu , Utomo Nur Bambang Priyo , Sudrajat Oman Agus
Published: January 2018

Dried Ulva reticulata has been proven as a feeding stimulant for the collector sea urchins (Tripneustes gratilla). The purposes of this study were to determine the optimal dose of dried U. reticulata as a feeding stimulant into artificial feed and its effect on the gonad condition of the collector sea urchins, T. gratilla. Previously, starved sea urchins (ca. 66 mm diameter, n=7) was held in 80-l aquarium volume with flow through seawater system (6.25 l/hour inlet and outlet). Sea urchins were fed with diet containing 0, 10, 20, or 30% of dried U. reticulata (designated control, U-10, U-20, and U-30 respectively) ad libitum for 38 days. Each treatment was given 3 replicates. Survival rate, feed consumption, and gonad conditions (gonad index, biochemical composition of the gonad, gonad histology, and egg diameter) parameters were quantified and compared to sea urchins fed with the mixture of fresh macroalgae (Gracilaria lichenoides and Padina) and seagrass (Enhalus acoroides). The results showed that the addition of dried U. reticulata into artificial feed by 10% from feed weight (U-10) was the optimal dose recommended. Sea urchins treated U - 10 diet resulted in gonad index and egg diameter (5.02 % and 82.66 µm each), were higher than other diet treatments. However, this diet treatment was not able to homogenize the reproductive phase composition of T. gratilla. Keywords: Ulva reticulata, Feeding Stimulant, Tripneustes gratilla, Gonad Condition
VERTEBRAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROTEASE ACTIVITY OF LARVAL MILKFISH, Chanos chanos Forsskal IN DIFFERENT REARING MEDIA
Authors: Aslianti Titiek , Nasukha Afifah , Setyadi Irwan
Published: January 2018

The milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsskal) seed quality is an important factor for supporting the fisheries industrialization program . The egg fertility and larval rearing management are two main factors to improve the quality of the seed. The aim of this research was to obtain the information about those two indicators on milkfish larvae, reared in different media. About 100,000 eggs were located in 6 units of the outdoor concrete tank with volume of 6 m3. Larvae were reared due to the rearing standard procedure while the feeding management was adapted during larvae development. Two different treatments in larval rearing medium were with and without the addition of molasses, subsequently in triple trials. This study started from hatching day (0 DAH) until the end of larval rearing period (16-18 DAH). The growth parameters such as vertebrae analyses and survival were taken in the end of research periods, while protease assessment was analyzed every day using tyrosine and casein standard methods. The results showed  that  the molasses addition produced a higher growth (TL 12.95±0.87 mm) and survival rate (87.66±1.52%), better vertebral performance (44-45 segments), and higher protease activity (0.1392-0.3863 U/ml/min) than without molasses addition. The results indicated that molasses addition in larvae rearing medium improved the larvae quality. Keywords: Protease enzime activity,milkfish seeds, molasses, vertebrae
THE APPLICATIONS GROUPER SEED PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY TO SUPPORT MARICULTURE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Ismi Suko
Published: January 2018

Application technology for grouper seed production was conducted by dissemination activities, aimed for dissemination technology in several places having aquaculture prospects in order to facilitate seed supply. The research was conducted  in 2012 collaborated with the Department of Fisheries and Maritime Affairs Lamongan Regency and Fisheries Academy  of Sidoarjo. Application technology for grouper seed production was conducted in Tunggu village, Paciran district, Lamongan, East Java. Grouper seeds which maintained were tiger, cantik, and cantang. Seed productions were performed from egg to juvenile with size of ±3.0 cm,in which the eggs  were transported from hatchery in Bali and larval rearing was conducted based on the produced technology. The results showed that survival rate of tiger grouper was 8.3%, cantang grouper was 11,6%, and cantik grouper was 12.4%.  The results showed that R/C ratio was >1, in which the business was profitable. The technology can be applied to the community and grouper seed production  can support aquaculture activities. Keywords: Grouper seed, production, technology, R/C ratio, aquaculture
SEAWATER QUALITY FOR SHRIMP MARICULTURE BASED ON MICROBIOLOGY PARAMETERS
Authors: Sutiknowati Lies Indah
Published: January 2018

Seawater quality plays an important factor for the success of mariculture such as microbiology paramater. The research aimed  to analize the waters quality for shrimp mariculture in Barru, Pangkep, and Maros based on bacteriology parameters.  The research were carried out in June 2012. Bacteriology parameters analysed were total coliform, E.coli, pathogen, heterotrophic, halotolerant, and phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria. Coliform and E.coli bacteria were analysed based on filtration. Pathogenic bacteria was identified using biochemical test. Heterotrophic, halotolerant, and phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria were analysed using pour plate. The results from shrimp aquaculture showed the total abundance of coliform cell of >1000 colony forming unit (cfu)/100 ml, E.coli of 0-4 cfu/100ml, heterotrophic bacteria of about (31-176)x103 cfu/ml, and halotolerant bacteria of about (31-375)x103 cfu/ml. The results from sediment for heterotrophic bacteria was about (350-3920)x103 cfu/ml, halotolerant of about (350-4980)3x10 cfu/ml, and phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria of about 14-46 cfu/ml. The pathogen bacteria waere found such as genus Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Citrobacter, Shigella and Yersinia. The dominant pathogens in shrimp aquaculture water and sediment were Proteus and Citrobacter. The results indicated that seawaters in Barru, Pangkep, and Maros can be used for mariculture including shrimp Panaeid. Keywords: bacteria, parameter, marineculture, shrimp.
CHARACTERIZATION OF CRUDE CELLULASE OF SEAGRASS ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS
Authors: Oktavia Yulia , Andhikawati Aulia , Nurhayati Tati , Tarman Kustiariyah
Published: January 2018

In this study, cellulase was produced by endophytic fungus isolated from seagrass. Substrate used for incubating the fungus was the waste of agar industry. The objectives of this study were to optimize cellulase production and to characterize the highest activity of fungal crude cellulase. In our previous study, the EN isolate (isolated from Enhalus sp.) showed the highest cellulolytic index. Therefore, in this research we focused on cellulase activity of the isolate. Cellulase activity was determined based on endoglucanase activity, total cellulase activity, and β-glucosidase activity. The highest activity was then used to determine cellulase activity in enzyme characterization. The fungus was cultured in different concentration of agar extraction algal wastes. The fungal culture was incubated for 3-21 days with 120 rpm orbital shaker. The results showed that endoglucanase activity was 0.019-0.031 U/mL, total cellulase activity was 0.007-0.013 U/mL, and β-glucosidase activity was 0.00012-0.00361 U/mL. The highest endoglucanase and total cellulase activity were obtained from the fungal culture after 9 days incubation, β-glucosidase was obtained from the fungal culture after 15 days incubation with 1.5% of algal waste as substrate. The optimum pH and temperature were determined as 4 and 60 oC, maximum reaction rate (Vmax) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) for endoglucanase activity was determined as 0.044 U/mL and 0.103% respectively. Keywords: algal waste, cellulase, endophytes, enzymes, seagrass
WAVELET DENOISING APPLICATION ON CTD (CONDUCTIVITY TEMPERATURE DEPTH) SIGNALS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF IDENTIFIED OVERTURN REGION
Authors: Naulita Yuli
Published: January 2018

Turbulent mixing process can be evaluated from density inversions in CTD profiles, that may reveal the overturning eddies. The quality of overturn regions are then determined by the quality of CTD signals. The study removed noise on CTD signals without losing small perturbation which commonly occurred by traditional filter.   By applying wavelet denoising in pre-processing data of Thorpe method, more Thorpe displacements indicated overturn regions, were able to detect especially in small density gradients. Therefore, the identified overturn region using the Thorpe method can be applied to a larger region of density gradients. Keywoods: turbulent mixing, overturn, Thorpe method, Thorpe displacement, wavelet denoising.
SCREENING ON THE POTENTIAL BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY IN SOFT CORAL COLLECTED FROM SOUTH BANGKA ISLAND WATERS AND LAMPUNG BAY
Authors: Rozirwan Rozirwan , Bengen Dietriech G , Zamani Neviaty P , Effendi Hefni , Chaidir Chaidir
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Soft corals contain bioactive compounds that can be used as a marine natural product. The puposes of this study was to determine of the soft corals inhibition potential for antibacterial activity. The methodology in this study included field sampling, extraction (in the solvent of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol), antibacterial bioassay, and briefly describe the type of soft coral that possesed the highest inhibition. In sampling treatment, the biomass among wet samples and dry samples varied.  The highest shrinkage due to drying was found in Nephthea, followed by Lobophytum and Sarcophyton, while the lowest was found in the genus of Sinularia. Extracted from 12 samples of soft coral, the lowest extract weight was found in the semi-polar solvent (EtOAc), while the extract weight of n-Hex and MeOH was vary. Inhibition power from all extract samples was found on soft coral extract in the EtOAc and MeOH solvents. The highest value of inhibition power was found in soft coral of Sinularia polydactyla and S. Flexibilis within strong catogery.   Keywords: bioactive compounds, Lobophytum, Nephthea, Sarcophyton, Sinularia, soft coral
COMMUNITY SOCIAL-ECOLOGY DYNAMICS ON MADAK CULTURE OF COASTAL REGION, WEST SUMBAWA
Authors: Tania A Lidya , Yulianda Fredinan , Adrianto Luky
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Madak activity is a local word for the people of Sumbawa to collect marine biota  in tidal area during the low tide. The purpose of this study was to determine social change in communities of West Sumbawa for doing Madak culture. The study was conducted for 2 months in  ​​West Sumbawa. Data were collected through observation, questionnaire, and interviewing the Madak people. It seemed that Madak culture changed totally, especially in daily actvities. In the past, they used  tools that were environmentally friendly.  However, during this study, they tended to damage coastal environment by flipping the reef. Keywords: Social, ecology, Madak culture, west Sumbawa
THE MASS SEED PRODUCTION OF GOLDEN TREVALLY FISH (Gnathanodon Speciosus Forsskal) WITH DIFFERENT FEED
Authors: Dharma Tony Setia
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Golden trevally fish is a prospective commodity that can be cultured and contains high economic value. The purpose of this study was to determine the best type of food for golden trevally fish growth. The larval rearing were conducted using concrete tanks with 6 m3 of volume. Three different food were used as treatments, i.e: (a) pellet micro, (b) small shrimp, and (c) trash fish. The start of experiment for larvae were reared for 30 days old. The stocking density of larvae was reared at 10 pc/l. Sampling of larvae were conducted every 7 days to measure of survival rate (SR), total length (TL) and body weight (BW). The larvae were reared with flowthrow system. At 70 days old, larvae were harvested and graded. The results showed that there was no significantly different among treatments (P>0.05) for survival rate, but the growth was significantly difference among treatments (P<0.05). The survival rate (SR) treated with trash fish was 5.38±1.20%, small shrimp 4.05±1.10%, and micro pellet 4.01 ± 1.20%. The total length and weight treated with trash fish were 5.40 ± 0.80 cm and 53±0,50 mg, respectively, while treaded with small shrimp were 4.80 ± 0.20 cm and  61±0.30 mg, and micro pellet were 4.54±0.56 cm and 48±0.40 mg, respectively. Keywords: seed, food type, growth, survival, golden trevally fish.
IMPROVEMENT IN NUMBER AND QUALITY PRODUCTION OF SEED GROUPER FISH BY NATURAL FEED ENRICHMENT
Authors: Ismi Suko , Asih Yasmina Nirmala
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Some researches on grouper seed production have been conducted and their results have been adopted by the farmer. Currently, grouper seeds for mariculture purposes can be provided from hatchery. However, seed abnormality is still the major problem in the hatchery.  Therefore, an improvement for survival rate and quality of grouper seed production is very important. The aim of this study was to improve the production and reduce the abnormalities on grouper seed stock through enrichment of larvae feed (rotifer and artemia) with DHA and EPA, Vitamin and Calcium. The larvae of humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) were reared with and without enrichment. The experiment were held in concrete tank with volume of 10 m3 filled with sea water 7-8 m3. Grouper eggs were stocked at a density of 10 eggs/l, larval were reared until the juvenile age of 45 days.  Treatment were repeated three times. The data was analysed with descriptive statistic. The results showed that humpback grouper larvae reared with enriched rotifers and artemia produced better survival rate (26.81%), lower seed abnormality (26.10%), and better percentage of bigger size of seeds with grade A (20.3 %), B (39.2%), and C (40.5%).  Meanwhile, treatment without feed enrichment produced lower survival rate (17.57%), higher abnormality (40.20%), and lower percentage of big size of seeds with grade A (9.7%), B (26.0%), and C (64.3%). Keywords: groupers, quality, enrichment, improvement, production
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SELECTED FORMULA Spirulina platensis TROCHES BASED ON PYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Fahleny Ria , Trilaksani Wini , Setyaningsih Iriani
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Spirulina contains complete nutrition and bioactive components as a source of antioxidants. The aims of this research were to determine a formula of troche from Spirulina platensis according to the physical characteristic standard of the Indonesian Health Ministry, and to determine the antioxidant activity of the selected troche from Spirulina platensis. This research was conducted in three stages. The first stage was troches formulation. The second stage was troches physical analyses, including weight uniformity, friability, hardnes, and disintegration time. The third stage was to determine the antioxidant activity of the selected formula of troche from Spirulina platensis. There were five formulas of troches i.e., FTS 1, FTS 2, FTS 3, FTS 4, and FTS 5. The troche consisted of Spirulina platensis powder, carrageenan, gelatin, corn flour, sugarleaf, and mint powder. Based on the weight uniformity of the troche, all formulas met the standard. However, according to friability aspect, the best formula was FTS 1 with rate of 1.7%. The hardness of five formula ranged from 0.65 to 2.3 Kp, and none met the standard. The best formula based on disintegration time measurement was FTS 1 (24:47 minutes). Based on the physical characteristics of the troches, the selected formula was FTS 1. The antioxidant activity (IC50 of the selected formula (FTS 1) was 288,68 ppm.   Keywords: antioxidant, troches, physical characteristics of troches, Spirulina platensis
DISSOLVED SILICATE IN COASTAL WATER OF SOUTH SULAWESI
Authors: Lukman Muhammad , Nasir Andriani , Amri Khairul , Tambaru Rahmadi , Hatta Muhammad , Nurfadilah Nurfadilah , Noer Rahmat Januar
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Dissolved silicate (DSi) in coastal waters plays a crucial role in phytoplankton growth particularly diatom. This study aimed to determine DSi concentration seasonally in waters of the western coast of South Sulawesi in relation to coastal water quality indicator. Water, chlorophyll-a, and diatom samples were collected from the coastal areas of the Tallo-Makassar, Maros, and Pangkep, in April 2013 (transitional season), June 2013 (dry season), and February 2014 (wet season). Factorial analysis of variance was used to identify significant seasonal and temporal variations, and linear regression was used to test the relationship of chlorophyll-a and diatom abundance to DSi concentrations. The results showed that the DSi concentration was higher in the wet season of 35.2-85.2 µM than in the other seasons (transitional season: 10.8-68.4 µM, dry season: 9.59-24.1 µM). The abundance of diatoms during the transitional season reached ~9.7x107 cell/m3 in the Pangkep river, 2.3x107 cell/m3 in the Tallo river, and 1.3 x 107 cell/m3 in the Maros river. Chaetoceros, Nitzschia, and Rhizosolenia dominated the diatom composition. The mean concentration of chlorophyll-a in the Makassar coastal waters was 4.52±4.66 mg/m3, while in the Maros and Pangkep waters of 1.40±1.06, and 2.72±1.94  mg/m3, respectively. There was no strong linear corelation between DSi and diatom abundances, nor chlorophyll-a. These results suggested that DSi become a non-limiting factor for the diatom growth and potentially reduce the water quality via eutrophication and diatom blooms. Keywords: dissolved silicate, diatom, chlorophyll-a, coastal waters, South Sulawesi