bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Gonadal Length-Weight Relationships of Hilsa Shad (Tenualosa ilisha) in Relation to Fecundity, Total Length and Body Weight
Authors: Das Bimal Chandra , Moniruzzaman Md. , Akhter Mousumi , Khatun Amena , Rahman Md. Hashibur , Rashid Harunur
Published: September 2023

The current study was carried out to estimate the range and average number of ova (eggs) released by a female Hilsa shad (Tenualosa Ilisha) individual during the breeding season, as well as to establish a relationship between Fecundity (F) and Total Length (TL), Total Weight (TW), Gonadal Length (GL) and Gonadal Weight (GW). The fecundity of T. Ilisha was determined by studying the ovaries of 20 individuals with TL ranging from 37.60 cm to 49.90 cm. In this study, only ovaries bearing nearly ripe eggs were considered for the data collection. For each specimen, the total number of ova was computed by multiplying the estimated number of ova in the sample by the ratio of total ovary weight to sample weight. The largest specimen (TL 499 mm and TW 1252 g) was found to have 2272864 eggs, while the smallest (TL 376 mm and TW 617 g) had 835461 eggs. The association between Fecundity and TL, TW, GL, and GW were found to be significant at the 5% level (p<0.05) of significance. It was also discovered that for significant 't' values, Fecundity increases linearly with Total Length, Total Weight, and Gonadal Weight.
Pharmacological Activities of the Nelabevu/Bhunimba Aka Andrographis paniculata
Authors: Premkumar Nandini
Published: September 2023

Andrographis paniculata, commonly known as Nelabevu, Bhunimba, Chirayetah, Kalmegh, or Creat, is a plant with extensive traditional use in Asian medicines. Its historical application, particularly in conditions related to blood irregularities, has driven contemporary scientific investigations into its therapeutic potential. This review summarizes the diverse aspects of Andrographis paniculata's traditional uses and modern applications, covering its effectiveness in respiratory infections, hepatoprotection, cardiovascular effects, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, hypoglycemic effects, and reproductive influences. The plant's active constituents, such as andrographolide, flavonoids, and diterpenoids, contribute to its pharmacological actions.

However, critical evaluation and further research are essential to confirm its clinical benefits and mechanisms of action. The extensive range of its effects and the multiple active compounds highlight the plant's significance in modern herbal medicine and warrant continued exploration.
Isolation, Characterization, and GC-MS Analysis of Fatty Acid of Mugil parsia Fish Oil
Authors: Khatun Shahanaz
Published: September 2023

This paper reports the isolation, characterization, and GC-MS analysis of Mugil parsia fish oil collected from the Rupsha River in Khulna. The oil was extracted from the dried fish by using the Soxhlet apparatus with n-hexane, with an oil yield of 17± 4.0 %. The moisture, ash, and protein content of the raw fish were found to be 75.45 %, 1.258 %, and 20.00 % respectively. The physicochemical compositions of the extracted oil like color, specific gravity, peroxide value, saponification value, free fatty acid (FFA), acid value, and iodine value were determined and were found to be yellowish brown in color, 0.913±0.31, 9.9±0.1 meq/kg, 295.4±3.0 mg KOH/g, 11.9±2.0%, 5.7±0.11mg KOH/g, and 150.3±0.12 mg/100g respectively.  Fatty acid composition was identified by GC-MS analysis of the Mugil parsia fish oil, showed the Phthalic acid, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) ester, palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, icosanoic anhydride, glycidyl stearate were identified as the major constituents.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Dynamics of Nutrient Availability at Various Intervals in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) Crop
Authors: Venkatesh Ili , Anantha Krishna Chaitanya , Raju B. , Revathi P.
Published: September 2023

A field experiment was conducted at College Farm, Agricultural College, Polasa, Jagtial, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University. The study was aimed at identifying the effect of integrated nutrient management on nutrient availability in soil. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with nine treatments replicated thrice. The treatments includes T1: 100% Recommended dose of Fertilizer (RDF), T2: 100% RDF + FYM (Farm Yard Manure), T3: 100% RDF + FYM + Biofertilizer consortium, T4: 75% RDF, T5: 75% RDF + FYM, T6: 75% RDF + FYM + Biofertilizer consortium, T7: Soil Test Based (STB) NPK, T8: 75% STB NPK + FYM and T9: 75% STB NPK + FYM + Biofertilizer consortium. The results of the experiment revealed that integrated nutrient management significantly influenced the availability of various nutrients at different stages of the crop.  Significantly higher nitrogen and its inorganic fractions, phosphorous, potassium and sulphur availability was recorded with the integrated application of 75% STB + FYM + Biofertilizer consortium which was comparable with an application of Soil Test Based NPK, 100 % RDF + FYM + Biofertilizer consortium, and 75% STB NPK + FYM. The lower available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, ammonical and nitrate nitrogen were recorded under the treatment of 75 % RDF.
Hydroponic Cultivation: Factors Affecting Its Success and Efficacy
Authors: B. Kailashkumar , K. Priyadharshini , M. Logapriya
Published: September 2023

Hydroponics or soilless method of cultivation, has revolutionized modern agriculture by offering a sustainable and efficient alternative to traditional soil-based farming. However, the success of  hydroponic cultivation relies heavily on various factors that influence plant growth and overall system performance. This review study aims to investigate the effects of different factors on hydroponic cultivation. Factors such as light intensity, quality, and duration; nutrient composition and balance; water quality; temperature and humidity; air circulation and ventilation; growing medium; pH and electrical conductivity; plant variety and genetics; system design and maintenance; and monitoring and control were discussed. By understanding the impact of these factors, farmers and researchers can optimize their hydroponic cultivation to achieve higher yields, healthier plants, and sustainable agricultural practices. The discussion of this study will contribute to the advancement and implementation of hydroponics as a viable solution for future food production.
Soil Science and Sustainable Farming: Paving the Way for Food Security
Authors: Meena Deepak Kumar , Lamani Hanumanta D. , Yadav Ronak , Saikanth R. K. , Singh Omkar , Yerasi Sumithra , Rai Sumit
Published: September 2023

The review titled "Soil Science and Sustainable Farming: Paving the Way for Food Security" explores the critical role of soil science in achieving sustainable agriculture and ensuring global food security. The review focuses on key aspects of soil science that contribute to sustainable farming practices, including soil health assessment, soil management practices, soil conservation strategies, soil amendments and nutrient management, and soil-water interactions. Each subheading delves into specific topics within soil science, highlighting their importance in promoting soil fertility, preventing erosion and land degradation, balancing crop nutrition, and optimizing irrigation and water use efficiency. By understanding and implementing these soil science principles, farmers can adopt sustainable practices that enhance soil productivity, preserve natural resources, and support long-term food security.
A Comprehensive Review on Seasonal Incidence of Fall Army Worm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) and Their Management
Authors: Mishra Pramod Kumar , Kumar Akshay , Aman Ashutosh Singh , Verma Shravan Kumar , Kumar Arun , Kumar Jony , Maurya Durgesh Kumar , Rajpoot Pankaj Kumar
Published: September 2023

The Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, represents a formidable challenge to global agriculture due to its rapid spread and significant impact on crop yields. This comprehensive review focuses on providing an in-depth exploration of FAW's biology, its seasonal dynamics, and the multifaceted strategies employed for its management. Leveraging datasets from multiple geographical regions, we examined the patterns of FAW infestations and their correlation with various climatic and environmental factors. The research emphasized the criticality of predictive modeling tools in forecasting pest incidence and highlighted the potential of machine learning and big data analytics in enhancing the accuracy of these predictive tools. Innovative management solutions, spanning from genetic interventions to the application of nanotechnology, were also discussed, underlining their potential in mitigating FAW damage. Central to our findings was the recurrent theme of international collaboration; the need for globally coordinated efforts in research, monitoring, and the sharing of resources emerged as a pivotal component in the fight against this pest. By incorporating diverse perspectives, including field insights from farmers and advancements in modern technology, this review aims to provide a holistic overview of the present scenario and proffers strategies for future action against the FAW threat.
Thrombotic Risk in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome in Abidjan, Ivory Coast
Authors: A. E. N'Draman-Donou , A. E. Adjambri , A. R. N'Guessan-Blao , M. L. Adjé , T. Kamagaté , G. Diarrassouba , E. Bouah-Kamon , A. M. Ehilé-Kacou , E. Lasme-Guillao , D. Sawadogo
Published: September 2023

Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the thrombotic risk in children of Abidjan suffering with the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS).

Study Location and Period: This study was conducted in 56 children with INS, aged 24 to 144 months and followed up at the pediatric nephrology unit of the University Hospital of Yopougon. It took place from January 2021 to April 2022. Blood samples were taken in that unit for each child. Blood counts and albumin levels were performed at the laboratory of biology and medical research of the National Institute of Public Health (INSP) in Adjamé. Fibrinogen, factors V, VII, VIII, IX, antithrombin III (ATIII), protein C, protein S and D-dimers were measured at Laboratory Longchamp of Plateau.

Methodology: In each child, blood samples were collected by venipuncture on dry tubes, with sodium citrate and EDTA. Blood counts were performed on Sysmex XT 2000i, albumin levels on Cobas C311 and haemostasis parameters on Sysmex CS1600.

Results: Of the 56 children recruited, hypoalbuminemia < 30 g/L was found in 35 (62.5%) children. The most common haemostasis abnormalities were increased D-Dimer in 35 (62.5%) children, hyperfibrinemia in 34(60.7%) children, increased protein C in 31 (55.3%) children, thrombocytosis in 29 (51.8%) children. ATIII and protein S deficiencies were found in 16 (28.6%) and 11 (19.6%) children respectively. Thrombosis risk was present in 36 (64.3%) children. A significant association was found between albuminemia < 20 g/L and ATIII < 70%.

Conclusion: There is a thrombotic risk in children with INS, which may be increased by hypoalbuminemia < 20 g/L.
Absence of β-tubulin SNPs Associated with Drug Resistance in Ascaris lumbricoides Infections of School-Age Children in Bungoma County, Kenya
Authors: Maingi Peterson M. , Odiere Maurice R. , Antony Wekesa W. , Mbugua Amos
Published: September 2023

Aims: This study compared the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides infections pre- and post-deworming in school-age children in Bungoma County, western Kenya, to detect β-tubulin gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with drug resistance in these infections.

Study Design: A longitudinal study design was adopted.

Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in Bungoma County, western Kenya. Stool samples were collected one month before (October 2021) and two weeks after the mass drug administration (MDA) deworming exercise (January 2022).

Methodology: 414 school-aged children were recruited for the study. Two hundred and two stool samples were collected pre-MDA while 212 were obtained post-MDA. Prevalence rates and infection intensities were determined using the Kato-Katz technique at both time points. Genomic DNA was extracted from selected pre- and all post-deworming positive A. lumbricoides eggs. Standard PCR generated a 564bp amplicon that surrounded the target codons 167, 198, and 200 of the A. lumbricoides β-tubulin gene which have been associated with the drug-resistant phenotype. Sixteen amplicons were sequenced using Sanger sequencing to detect the presence of SNPs at these loci.

Results: The overall pre-MDA and post-MDA STH prevalence rates were 33% and 6%, respectively, whereas the prevalence of A. lumbricoides infections alone was 31% and 4%, respectively. A. lumbricoides was the dominant infecting helminth species. However, a few samples (<5)  had hookworms and T. trichiura. Sixteen sequences were generated covering codons 167, 198, and 200 of the β-tubulin gene of A. lumbricoides. Sequencing of the DNA samples revealed that no β-tubulin SNPs were present in the A. lumbricoides infections.

Conclusion: The persistence of some A. lumbricoides infections following MDA using mebendazole suggests the drug-resistant phenotype, but the possibility of less than 100% MDA coverage in schools could be an alternative explanation. However, it is noteworthy that even after over ten years of use of benzimidazole drugs in the Kenya school-based deworming program, there is no evidence of drug resistance SNPs. This study therefore supports the continued use of the current anti-helmintic  drugs in this setting. We recommend continued use of molecular tools for regular surveillance of drug-resistant parasites as this is essential to ensure the effectiveness of the deworming program.
As Lyme Disease Expands Its Reach, New Research Offers Hope
Authors: Slomski Anita
Published: September 2023

This Medical News article discusses Lyme disease epidemiology, post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome, and innovative research to prevent the tickborne infection.
Adult With Unrepaired Single-Ventricle Defect
Authors: Gregg David , Vogel Andrew D. , Rajab Taufiek K.
Published: September 2023

This case report discusses the diagnosis of double-inlet left ventricle in a male adult patient in his 50s who presented with New York Heart Association class III heart failure.
Cutaneous Adverse Events and Cancer Survival Prognosis With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment
Authors: Du Yaxin , Wu Wenjie , Chen Mei , Dong Zhengbang , Wang Fei
Published: September 2023

Importance

Growing research suggests that the prevalence of cutaneous immune-related adverse events (cirAEs) is associated with favorable outcomes among individuals with cancer who receive immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment.

Objective

To identify whether the presence of cirAEs and their subtypes subsequent to ICI administration is associated with enhanced cancer prognosis.

Data Sources

The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for publications examining the association between cirAE development during ICI treatment and subsequent cancer prognosis. The initial search was limited to English-language publications from database inception until December 31, 2022; a subsequent search was performed on May 21, 2023.

Study Selection

Two reviewers independently scrutinized the identical articles and included those that constituted original research evaluating the association between cirAE development and cancer prognosis.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

The search terms, study objectives, and methodological protocols were defined before study initiation. The aforementioned 2 reviewers performed data extraction independently and resolved discrepancies through agreement. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis and the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guidelines. The protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO. Data analyses were conducted between May 21 and June 1, 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The major outcome end points were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Subgroup analyses were also conducted according to cirAE type, cancer type, geographic region, study design, and ICI type. Given the heterogeneity inherent in the included studies, a DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model was adopted.

Results

This systematic review and meta-analysis included 23 studies with a total of 22 749 patients treated with ICIs. The occurrence of cirAEs was associated with improved OS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.61 [95% CI, 0.52-0.72]; P < .001) and PFS (HR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.41-0.65]; P < .001). Consistent results were observed across all subgroups stratified by study design, geographic region, ICI type, and cancer type, aligning with the overall estimate of OS and PFS improvement. However, no statistically significant differences were identified in terms of PFS within studies conducted in the US.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the presence of cirAEs and their subtypes was associated with improved prognosis for individuals with cancer undergoing ICI treatment. These findings suggest that cirAEs may have useful prognostic value in ICI treatment.
Salpingectomy for the Primary Prevention of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Kahn Ryan M. , Gordhandas Sushmita , Godwin Kendra , Stone Rebecca L. , Worley Michael J. , Lu Karen H. , Long Roche Kara C.
Published: September 2023

Importance

Most ovarian cancers originate in the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube. This has led to the hypothesis that surgical resection of the fallopian tubes at the time of gynecologic and nongynecologic surgical procedures—referred to as an opportunistic salpingectomy—may prevent the development of epithelial ovarian cancer for women at an average risk of developing the disease.

Objective

To compile a comprehensive, state-of-the-science review examining the current landscape of performing bilateral salpingectomy for ovarian cancer prevention.

Evidence Review

A systematic review of the literature was performed on March 4, 2022, to identify studies examining salpingectomy for ovarian cancer prevention. This review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement. Four databases were selected: PubMed via the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed.gov, Embase via Elsevier’s Embase.com, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) via Wiley’s Cochrane Library, and Northern Light Life Sciences Conference Abstracts via Ovid. A total of 20 gray literature sources, including 1 database, 2 registers, 1 repository, 1 index, 1 archive, 1 preprint server, 1 agency, and 12 organizations, were also searched.

Findings

The initial search produced 1089 results; a total of 158 publications were included in the final review. Salpingectomy has been associated with ovarian cancer risk reduction of approximately 80%. Studies have demonstrated that salpingectomy was safe, cost-effective, and was not associated with an earlier age of menopause onset. With widespread implementation, salpingectomy has the potential to reduce ovarian cancer mortality in the US by an estimated 15%. Both physician and patient awareness regarding the adnexa as the origin for most ovarian cancers, as well as the existence of salpingectomy and its potential benefits in reducing ovarian cancer risk, has increased during the past decade. Raising awareness and developing effective implementation strategies are essential.

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this systematic review suggest that bilateral salpingectomy for ovarian cancer prevention was safe and feasible and has the potential to be a cost-effective and cost-saving strategy across the population. Prospective studies to demonstrate long-term survival outcomes and feasibility in nongynecologic surgical procedures are warranted.
Effect of WC Particle Size on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of WC‐10CoCrFeNiAl Composites
Authors: Hui Jiaqi , Sun Xike , Zhou Yingnan , Dong Weiwei , Luo Yilan , Zhu Shigen
Published: September 2023

The present study focuses on the synthesis of three distinct WC‐HEA hard alloys using the SPS method, using three different grades of tungsten carbide with varying particle sizes. Subsequently, an investigation is conducted to analyze the influence of WC particle size on the microstructure and properties of WC‐10CoCrFeNiAl hard alloys. Additionally, an investigation was conducted to assess the influence of small particle size WC addition content on both the microstructure and properties of this advanced alloy. The results indicate that a reduction in the particle size of WC leads to an increase in hardness, while exhibiting a nonmonotonic change in fracture toughness of WC‐10CoCrFeNiAl hard alloy. The presence of smaller WC particles promotes the formation of N7C3 and η phase (M3W9C4), which compromises its toughness while simultaneously enhancing its hardness. The mechanical properties are optimized when the particle size of WC is ≈1 μm. The incorporation of fine WC particles significantly enhances hardness while compromising fracture toughness. When the content of small particle WC reaches 25 wt%, the mechanical properties of the dual‐scale hard alloy are optimized, the hardness and fracture toughness are 18.8 GPa and 11.1 MPa.m1/2, respectively.
Dynamic Concentration of Alloying Element on Anode Surface Enabling Cycle‐Stable Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Xiancheng , He Yufang , Liu Shiyu , Li Yuanjian , Tu Shuibin , Zhan Renming , Chen Zihe , Fu Junjie , Cai Zhao , Wang Li , Sun Yongming
Published: September 2023

The pursuit of high energy density Li‐based rechargeable batteries has intrigued numerous research interest on Li metal anode. However, several significant challenges, including severe parasitic reactions and growth of Li dendrites, lead to fast electrode failure and impede its practical implantation. Herein, it is revealed that the dynamic concentration of alloying element in Li solid solution can significantly improve the cycling stability. It is demonstrated that the alloying element of Li solid solution continuously evolved in the reaction layer on cycling. Alloying element got enriched on anode surface after Li stripping, and re‐dispersed into the deposited Li during Li plating processes. The alloying element‐rich surface can reduce the Li nucleation barrier and promote the uniform Li plating behavior. Ultrathin Li solid solution foils are fabricated, and  the dynamic alloying element concentration mechanism is further verified, and the cycling lifespan of pure Li is doubled. Consequently, a 1.4 Ah laminated pouch cell with ultrathin Li solid solution anode (30 µm) exhibits high energy density of 836 Wh L−1 and stable cycling performance under the harsh conditions with low negative/positive capacity (N/P) ratio of 2 and electrolyte/capacity (E/C) ratio of 2.6 g Ah−1.
Formation and Investigation of Cell‐Derived Nanovesicles as Potential Therapeutics against Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Ganguin Aymar Abel , Skorup Ivo , Streb Sebastian , Othman Alaa , Luciani Paola
Published: September 2023

A new therapeutic approach using cell‐derived nanovesicles (cdNVs) is offered here to overcome the lack of effective treatments for liver fibrosis, a reversible chronic liver disease. To achieve this goal the formation and purification of cdNVs from untreated, quiescent‐like, or activated LX‐2 cells, an immortalized human hepatic stellate cell (HSC) line with key features of transdifferentiated HSCs are established. Analysis of the genotype and phenotype of naïve and transdifferentiated LX‐2 cells activated through transforming growth factor beta 1, following treatment with cdNVs, reveals a concentration‐dependent fibrosis regression. The beneficial fibrosis‐resolving effects of cdNVs are linked to their biomolecular corona. Liposomes generated using lipids extracted from cdNVs exhibit a reduced antifibrotic response in perpetuated LX‐2 cells and show a reduced cellular uptake. However, incubation with soluble factors collected during purification results in a new corona, thereby restoring fibrosis regression activity. Overall, cdNVs display encouraging therapeutic properties, making them a promising candidate for the development of liver fibrosis resolving therapeutics.
Indoor Non‐Line‐of‐Sight Millimeter‐Wave Coverage Enhancements by Field‐Reorganizable Passive Digital Coding Metasurfaces
Authors: Han Jia Qi , Ma Xiang Jin , Yi Hao , Tian Shun Cheng , Liu Hai Xia , Li Long , Cui Tie Jun
Published: September 2023

Digital metasurfaces define a novel methodology for metasurface designs by adopting discrete coding meta‐atoms to engineer electromagnetic waves in programmable ways. Herein, a novel field‐reorganizable digital metasurface (FRDM) that can be used to enhance the indoor non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) millimeter‐wave (mmWave) signal coverage is presented. The passive binary supercells which can be reorganized with an in situ optimization characteristic to deflect the incoming mmWaves into the blind area with adjustable angles are proposed. The indoor L‐shaped corridor signal coverage simulated by the ray‐tracing technique confirms that the NLOS blind area is effectively communicated using the passive FRDM. Practical environment experiments using FRDMs with different coding sequences are conducted, indicating that the averaged signal intensity is increased by over 10 dB in the NLOS blind area in a wide operating frequency band from 26 to 30 GHz by reorganizing the passive digital metasurfaces. The results suggest that the proposed FRDM enabled by the reorganizable binary supercells is a highly flexible, low‐cost, and extensible solution for B5G and 6G mmWave wireless communications.
Aggregation‐induced emission polymers via reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization
Authors: Teo Nicholas Kai Shiang , Fan Bo , Ardana Aditya , Thang San H.
Published: September 2023

Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) is a unique phenomenon whereby aggregation of molecules induces fluorescence emission as opposed to the more commonly known aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ). AIE has the potential to be utilized in the large‐scale production of AIE‐active polymeric materials because of their wide range of practical applications such as stimuli‐responsive sensors, biological imaging agents, and drug delivery systems. This is evident from the increasing number of publications over the years since AIE was first discovered. In addition, the ever‐growing interest in this field has led many researchers around the world to develop new and creative methods in the design of monomers, initiators and crosslinkers, with the goal of broadening the scope and utility of AIE polymers. One of the most promising approaches to the design and synthesis of AIE polymers is the use of the reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) techniques, which enabled the production of well‐controlled AIE materials that are often difficult to achieve by other methods. In this review, a summary of some recent works that utilize RDRP for AIE polymer design and synthesis is presented, including (i) the design of AIE‐related monomers, initiators/crosslinkers; the achievements in preparation of AIE polymers using (ii) reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) technique; (iii) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique; (iv) other techniques such as Cu(0)‐RDRP technique and nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP) technique; (v) the possible applications of these AIE polymers, and finally (vi) a summary/perspective and the future direction of AIE polymers.
Measurable residual disease monitoring in patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated with lower‐intensity therapy: Roadmap from an ELN‐DAVID expert panel
Authors: Ravandi Farhad , Cloos Jacqueline , Buccisano Francesco , Dillon Richard , Döhner Konstanze , Freeman Sylvie D. , Hourigan Christopher S. , Ossenkoppele Gerrit J. , Roboz Gail J. , Subklewe Marion , Thiede Christian , Arnhardt Isabell , Valk Peter J. M. , Venditti Adriano , Wei Andrew H. , Walter Roland B. , Heuser Michael
Published: September 2023

With the availability of effective targeted agents, significant changes have occurred in the management of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) over the past several years, particularly for those considered unfit for intensive chemotherapy. While testing for measurable residual disease (MRD) is now routinely performed in patients treated with intensive chemotherapy to refine prognosis and, possibly, inform treatment decision‐making, its value in the context of lower‐intensity regimens is unclear. As such regimens have gained in popularity and can be associated with higher response rates, the need to better define the role of MRD assessment and the appropriate time points and assays used for this purpose has increased. This report outlines a roadmap for MRD testing in patients with AML treated with lower‐intensity regimens. Experts from the European LeukemiaNet (ELN)–DAVID AML MRD working group reviewed all available data to propose a framework for MRD testing in future trials and clinical practice. A Delphi poll served to optimize consensus. Establishment of uniform standards for MRD assessments in lower‐intensity regimens used in treating patients with AML is clinically relevant and important for optimizing testing and, ultimately, improving treatment outcomes of these patients.
Engineered Extracellular Vesicles from Human Skin Cells Induce Pro‐β‐Cell Conversions in Pancreatic Ductal Cells
Authors: Ortega-Pineda Lilibeth , Rincon-Benavides Maria Angelica , Cuellar-Gaviria Tatiana Z. , Kordowski Mia , Guilfoyle Elizabeth , Anaparthi Amrita Lakshmi , Lemmerman Luke R. , Lawrence William , Buss Jill L. , Deng Binbin , Blackstone Britani N. , Salazar-Puerta Ana , McComb David W. , Powell Heather , Gallego-Perez Daniel , Higuita-Castro Natalia
Published: September 2023

Direct nuclear reprogramming has the potential to enable the development of β cell replacement therapies for diabetes that do not require the use of progenitor/stem cell populations. However, despite their promise, current approaches to β cell‐directed reprogramming rely heavily on the use of viral vectors. Herein, the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) is explored as novel nonviral carriers of endocrine cell‐patterning transcription factors, to transfect and transdifferentiate pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (PDCs) into hormone‐expressing cells. Electrotransfection of HDFs with expression plasmids for Pdx1, Ngn3, and MafA (PNM) leads to the release of EVs loaded with PNM at the gene, mRNA, and protein levels. Exposing PDC cultures to PNM‐loaded EVs leads to successful transfection and increases PNM expression in PDCs, which ultimately result in endocrine cell‐directed conversions based on the expression of insulin/c‐peptide, glucagon, and glucose transporter 2 (Glut2). These findings are further corroborated in vivo in a mouse model following intraductal injection of PNM‐ versus sham‐loaded EVs. Collectively, these findings suggest that dermal fibroblast‐derived EVs can potentially serve as a powerful platform technology for the development and deployment of nonviral reprogramming‐based cell therapies for insulin‐dependent diabetes.
A Bio‐Inspired Methylation Approach to Salt‐Concentrated Hydrogel Electrolytes for Long‐Life Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Liu Tingting , Du Xiaofan , Wu Han , Ren Yongwen , Wang Jinzhi , Wang Hao , Chen Zheng , Zhao Jingwen , Cui Guanglei
Published: September 2023

Hydrogel electrolytes hold great promise in developing flexible and safe batteries, but the presence of free solvent water makes battery chemistries constrained by H2 evolution and electrode dissolution. Although maximizing salt concentration is recognized as an effective strategy to reduce water activity, the protic polymer matrices in classical hydrogels are occupied with hydrogen‐bonding and barely involved in the salt dissolution, which sets limitations on realizing stable salt‐concentrated environments before polymer‐salt phase separation occurs. Inspired by the role of protein methylation in regulating intracellular phase separation, here we transform the “inert” protic polymer skeletons into aprotic ones through methylation modification to weaken the hydrogen‐bonding, which releases free hydrogen bond acceptors as Lewis base sites to participate in cation solvation and thus assist salt dissolution. An unconventionally salt‐concentrated hydrogel electrolyte reaching a salt fraction up to 44 mol % while retaining a high Na+/H2O molar ratio of 1.0 is achieved without phase separation. Almost all water molecules are confined in the solvation shell of Na+ with depressed activity and mobility, which addresses water‐induced parasitic reactions that limit the practical rechargeability of aqueous sodium‐ion batteries. The assembled Na3V2(PO4)3//NaTi2(PO4)3 cell maintains 82.8 % capacity after 580 cycles, which is the longest cycle life reported to date.
Proton Shuttling by Polyaniline of High Brønsted Basicity for Improved Electrocatalytic Ethylene Production from CO2
Authors: Cheng Jian , Chen Ling , Xie Xulan , Feng Kun , Sun Hao , Qin Yongze , Hua Wei , Zheng Zhangyi , He Ying , Pan Weiyi , Yang Wenjun , Lyu Fenglei , Zhong Jun , Deng Zhao , Jiao Yan , Peng Yang
Published: September 2023

Hybrid organic/inorganic composites with the organic phase tailored to modulate local chemical environment at the Cu surface arise as an enchanting category of catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). A fundamental understanding on how the organics of different functionality, polarity, and hydrophobicity affect the reaction path is, however, still lacking to guide rational catalyst design. Herein, polypyrrole (PPy) and polyaniline (PANI) manifesting different Brønsted basicity are compared for their regulatory roles on the CO2RR pathways regarding *CO coverage, proton source and interfacial polarity. Concerted efforts from in situ IR, Raman and operando modelling unveil that at the PPy/Cu interface with limited *CO coverage, hydridic *H produced by the Volmer step favors the carbon hydrogenation of *CO to form *CHO through a Tafel process; Whereas at the PANI/Cu interface with concentrated CO2 and high *CO coverage, protonic H+ shuttled through the benzenoid ‐NH‐ protonates the oxygen of *CO, yielding *COH for asymmetric coupling with nearby *CO to form *OCCOH under favored energetics. As a result of the tailored chemical environment, the restructured PANI/Cu composite demonstrates a high partial current density of 0.41 A cm−2 at a maximal Faraday efficiency of 67.5 % for ethylene production, ranking among states of the art.
Dynamic Growth of Macroscopically Structured Supramolecular Hydrogels through Orchestrated Reaction‐Diffusion
Authors: Wang Hucheng , Fu Xiaoming , Gu Guanyao , Bai Shengyu , Li Runlai , Zhong Weimin , Guo Xuhong , Eelkema Rienk , van Esch Jan H. , Cao Zhixing , Wang Yiming
Published: September 2023

Living organisms are capable of dynamically changing their structures for adaptive functions through sophisticated reaction‐diffusion processes. Here we show how active supramolecular hydrogels with programmable lifetimes and macroscopic structures can be created by relying on a simple reaction‐diffusion strategy. Two hydrogel precursors (poly(acrylic acid) PAA/CaCl2 and Na2CO3) diffuse from different locations and generate amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) nanoparticles at the diffusional fronts, leading to the formation of hydrogel structures driven by electrostatic interactions between PAA and ACC nanoparticles. Interestingly, the formed hydrogels are capable of autonomously disintegrating over time because of a delayed influx of electrostatic‐interaction inhibitors (NaCl). The hydrogel growth process is well explained by a reaction‐diffusion model which offers a theoretical means to program the dynamic growth of structured hydrogels. Furthermore, we demonstrate a conceptual access to dynamic information storage in soft materials using the developed reaction‐diffusion strategy. This work may serve as a starting point for the development of life‐like materials with adaptive structures and functionalities.
A Semiconducting Iron‐Chelating Nano‐immunomodulator for Specific and Sensitized Sono‐metallo‐immunotherapy of Cancer
Authors: He Shasha , Yu Jie , Xu Mengke , Zhang Chi , Xu Cheng , Cheng Penghui , Pu Kanyi
Published: September 2023

Sono‐immunotherapy holds great potential for deep tumor inhibition; however, smart sono‐therapeutic agents to simultaneously eliminate ‘domestic’ tumor cells and regulate the ‘community’ tumor immune microenvironment have rarely been developed. Herein, we report a spatiotemporally controllable semiconducting iron‐chelated nano‐metallomodulator (SINM) for hypersensitive sono‐metallo‐immunotherapy of cancer. SINM consists of a semiconducting polymer (SP) backbone chelating iron ions (Fe3+) with thiophene‐based Schiff base structure, and a hydrophilic side chain. Upon accumulation in tumors after systemic administration, SINM specifically arouses ferroptosis and M1 macrophage polarization due to its response toward the tumor redox environment; meanwhile, the chelation of Fe3+ enhances the sono‐sensitizing effect of SPs, leading to enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species for immunogenic cell death. Such combined sonodynamic metallo‐immunotherapy of SINM efficiently ablates deep tumor and spatiotemporally regulates immunophenotypes.
Defect Engineered Metal–Organic Framework with Accelerated Structural Transformation for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ding Jieting , Guo Danyu , Wang Nanshu , Wang Hao‐Fan , Yang Xianfeng , Shen Kui , Chen Liyu , Li Yingwei
Published: September 2023

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been increasingly applied in oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and the surface of MOFs usually undergoes structural transformation to form metal oxyhydroxides to serve as catalytically active sites. However, the controllable regulation of the reconstruction process of MOFs remains as a great challenge. Here we report a defect engineering strategy to facilitate the structural transformation of MOFs to metal oxyhydroxides during OER with enhanced activity. Defective MOFs (denoted as NiFc′xFc1‐x) with abundant unsaturated metal sites are constructed by mixing ligands of 1,1′‐ferrocene dicarboxylic acid (Fc′) and defective ferrocene carboxylic acid (Fc). NiFc′xFc1‐x series are more prone to be transformed to metal oxyhydroxides compared with the non‐defective MOFs (NiFc′). Moreover, the as‐formed metal oxyhydroxides derived from defective MOFs contain more oxygen vacancies. NiFc′Fc grown on nickel foam exhibits excellent OER catalytic activity with an overpotential of 213 mV at the current density of 100 mA cm−2, superior to that of undefective NiFc′. Experimental results and theoretical calculations suggest that the abundant oxygen vacancies in the derived metal oxyhydroxides facilitate the adsorption of oxygen‐containing intermediates on active centers, thus significantly improving the OER activity.
Preparation of PDA@AP composite particles by two‐step method and its application in glycidyl azide polymer‐energetic thermoplastic elastomer propellants
Authors: Yang Wu , Liu Wenhao , Zheng Mengze , Zhang Ximing , Jin Peng , Li Tianqi , Luo Yunjun
Published: September 2023

Polydopamine (PDA) has been widely used in the field of energetic materials; however, there are few reports on the ammonium perchlorate (AP) coating of PDA. In this article, to improve the mechanical properties of the GAP‐ETPE‐based propellant, a two‐step method was used to coat the AP with PDA and used in glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) based propellant. SEM, EDS, XRD, and XPS were used to analyze the morphology and composition of PDA@AP, while contact angle testing and calculation were performed to measure the wettability and surface energy of both PDA@AP and GAP‐ETPE. In addition, the tensile strength and elongation of the propellant were measured. The results showed that the PDA@AP composite particles were successfully prepared. The crystal form remained unchanged during the preparation process. The wettability of PDA on AP was improved through the coating of PDA, leading to an increase in the surface energy of AP and enhancing the adhesion between AP and GAP. Mechanical performance testing shows that using PDA@AP in propellants increased the tensile strength of the propellant from 1.2 to 1.8 MPa, while the elongation at break decreased from 208% to 155%. The “dewetting ratio” has also decreased from 2.88 to below 2.5.
Body painting, ultrasound, clinical examination, and peer‐teaching: A student‐centered approach to enhance musculoskeletal anatomy learning
Authors: Bilella Alessandro , Eppler Elisabeth , Link Karl , Filgueira Luis
Published: September 2023

The presented course, established 2016 as a compulsory elective for 22nd‐year bachelor medical students, aimed to enhance deep learning of upper and lower limb anatomy from a clinical perspective by a maximum of student‐centered activities combining hands‐on skills training with team‐learning. Three cohorts (in total 60 students) participated in this study. Students rotated through body painting, ultrasound, and clinical investigation supervised by faculty or an experienced clinician. Teams of 3‐4 students prepared presentations on clinical anatomy and pathological conditions, which by teacher‐ and peer assessments on average achieved >85% (mean 17.8/20 points ± 1.06). After each activity session, the students reported their learning experience through a reflective diary. Fifty students (83%) evaluated the course by a voluntary anonymous questionnaire combining Likert‐type scale and free‐text questions to assess, predominantly, perception of course activities and their perceived influence on learning anatomy. Journal reports and questionnaires revealed that the students highly valued the course, and 92% (29 females, 17 males) rated group work satisfying or well‐perceived. The highest appreciation achieved ultrasound followed by clinical examination and body painting, which one third proposed to integrate into the regular dissection course. All students recommended the course to their younger peers. This course was feasible to integrate in the pre‐existing curriculum. Limiting factors to offer this elective course to more students are availability of clinical teachers, technical equipment, and education rooms. Being student‐directed tasks, body painting and reflective diary‐writing would be feasible to implement without additional faculty, which we recommend to educators for student engagement activation.
Triphenylamine‐Based N,O‐Bidentate BF2‐Enolimine Initiator for Three‐Arm Star Polymethacrylates with Dual‐State Fluorescent Emission
Authors: Yang Dong , Tian Guangming , Ma Jianhua
Published: September 2023

Three‐arm star polymethacrylates with dual‐phase (solution and solid‐state) fluorescent emission have been synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using a triphenylamine‐derived organboron complex (TAPA‐BKI‐3Br) as initiator. The as‐synthesized three‐arm star polymethacrylates exhibited bright emission in both solution and the solid states due to the highly twisted structure and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect of TAPA‐BKI core, as well as the steric effect and restriction of intramolecular motions from the polymer arms. And the polymer chains have an important influence on the photophysical behavior of the as‐synthesized three‐arm star polymethacrylates in the aggregated state.
Data‐driven policy iteration algorithm for continuous‐time stochastic linear‐quadratic optimal control problems
Authors: Zhang Heng , Li Na
Published: September 2023

This paper studies a continuous‐time stochastic linear‐quadratic (SLQ) optimal control problem on infinite‐horizon. Combining the Kronecker product theory with an existing policy iteration algorithm, a data‐driven policy iteration algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. In contrast to most existing methods that need all information of system coefficients, the proposed algorithm eliminates the requirement of three system matrices by utilizing data of a stochastic system. More specifically, this algorithm uses the collected data to iteratively approximate the optimal control and a solution of the stochastic algebraic Riccati equation (SARE) corresponding to the SLQ optimal control problem. The convergence analysis of the obtained algorithm is given rigorously, and a simulation example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the algorithm.
Controllability of a fractional output linear system with constraints
Authors: Larhrissi Rachid , Benoudi Mustapha
Published: September 2023

The primary objective of this research is to generalize the concept of controllability with constraints to cases where the output function is a Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative of order More precisely, if , we obtain the enlarged controllability of the system state and enlarged controllability of the gradient state of the system is obtained with Moreover, we aim to characterize the optimal control that enables us to guide a linear parabolic system to a fractional final state within the evolution system's domain. We adopt two approaches to solve the aforementioned problem: The first is based on the Lagrangian technique, and the second one employs the subdifferential theory. Subsequently, we develop an algorithm to compute the minimum energy control. Finally, we provide numerical simulations to illustrate the validity of the obtained theoretical results.
Creating a reference range of common problem behaviors and replacement behaviors in neurotypical children
Authors: VanDevander Jessica , Warner Allison , Kazemi Ellie , Fahmie Tara
Published: September 2023

There are limited resources outlining age‐referenced rates of problem behavior displayed by neurotypical children. Such information is important for practitioners as a basis for social comparison when they are targeting behavior reduction goals for neurodivergent clients. We distributed a survey to parents of children aged 1–10 years without a developmental diagnosis in which parents reported frequency of five problem behaviors across a 24‐h period, as well as commonly targeted replacement behaviors. Problem behavior was reported across all age groups to varying degrees based on topography and age. Replacement behaviors, such as waiting and tolerating denials generally improved as children increased in age but still largely remained below 80% of opportunities. The present study may serve as a reference for researchers and clinicians to set goals that are developmentally appropriate.
Stakeholders sustainable development goals (SDGs) prioritization
Authors: Singhal Neeraj
Published: September 2023

Over a period of time sustainability and sustainable development goals (SDGs) are emerging as central theme and issue of concern for companies and stakeholders across the globe. The challenges are in the preview of regulatory requirements and compliance for environmental, social, and governance issues. The issues are varying from industry to industry and firm to firm as per the requirements and pressure from regulatory bodies, stakeholder groups, peers, and society. This is an inductive research design based exploratory study, revolves around most polluting and socially challenged textiles and clothing industry. The two Indian, global textile giant Birla Cellulose and Arvind Limited used as a case study exemplar for stakeholder value mapping for SDGs prioritization. The companies are considered for the study based on their sustainability reporting, social legacy, brand value, market capitalization, and global reach. Further, the discussions are explored in the preview of existing literature and well‐grounded stakeholder theory.