bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VIDEO HOSTING AS A COMMUNICATION CHANNEL (ON THE EXAMPLE OF UKRAINIAN MEDIA)
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts, Galiy Victoria
Published: January 2021

Over the last few years, the representation of Ukrainian traditional television channels on various web platforms, such as video hosting services, has increased significantly. This suggests that the phenomena of cross-media and multi-platform as trends in modern journalism have only consolidated their positions and more and more media are turning to it. This article considers the communicative aspect of the interaction of Ukrainian television media with its audience on the platform of video hosting services, namely: YouTube, Vimeo, Dailymotion, Rutube, Yandex.Video and Facebook Watch. The main goal was to analyze how television channels communicate with their viewers and what technical and not only capabilities of video hosting are used for this purpose. How actively and regularly they use the opportunity to comment on videos, answers under videos, posting in the «Community» section, as well as fixed polls on the right question for the owner of the channel. For analysis we taken the official accounts of those television channels on video hosting, which were included in the rating of the top-10 television channels formed by the National Council of Ukraine on Television and Radio Broadcasting and conducted by the rating agency Big Data UA for the III quarter of 2019, as well as statistics from Socialblade.com, which provides detailed information on the number of views and activity on the registered YouTube-channel. The study found that most television channels try to «bring» the audience to communicate through communication in the «Community» and fixed targeted surveys under videos, which in turn give results - the audience responds and responds to requests. There are also television channels that do not use the capabilities of video hosting for communication and only occasionally respond to viewers' messages or «throw» communication triggers. However, as the monitoring showed, there are also those television channels that do not see prospects in video hosting services and do not consider them as channels of communication with the audience and a platform for integration and promotion, and therefore reduced or stopped operating on them.
LEXICO-SEMANTIC PECULIARITIES OF J. MARTIN’S NOVEL «THE GAME OF THRONES» AND THEIR TRANSLATION INTO UKRAINIAN
Authors:   National University Lviv Politechnic, Kolodiy Olesia
Published: January 2021

The article reveals the expediency of using the plurality of translation of a literary work as a variant of reproduction of lexical and semantic peculiarities in the target language. It has been confirmed that such translations allow us to compare the individual-unique style of the author of the novel in his verbal-aesthetic picture of the world, to reproduce the stylistic features of that era, to create the language of mythical creatures, to depict the inner emotional state of the main characters. The comparative analysis of the texts of the Ukrainian variants of translations of the novel is of great value as they help us to evaluate the translators’ strategies for the adequate reproduction of the lexical and semantic features of the novel of the original by means of the native language. It has been found out that the problem of adequate translation of the original work into the target language is a major problem in the theory and practice of translation and the preservation of the original style and proper selection of lexical and stylistic equivalents is one of the key criteria for its adequacy. Particular attention was paid to the study of the preservation of the style and color scheme of the original, as their loss can make a false impression on the reader. It has been proved that the most commonly used methods of translation are calque, transliteration which translators resort to in most cases to reproduce the lexical and semantic peculiarities of the original into the target language. Each of the Ukrainian translations of J. Martin's novel "Game of Thrones" performed by N.I. Tysovska, V. Danmer and V. Brodov is unique, in which translators tried to find such ways of reproducing the text of the original by means of the native language that would correspond to the original as closely as possible. It has been confirmed that the author’s newly-coined words caused the greatest difficulties, which Ukrainian translators tried to reproduce with the help of stylistically marked vocabulary items, however, this approach has not always been successful because it has complicated the process of understanding the novel by modern readers.
REPRODUCTION OF COMMUNICATIVE AND PRAGMATIC FEATURES OF ENGLISH ADVERTISING DISCOURSE BY MEANS OF THE UKRAINIAN LANG UAGE
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine ", Kolomiets Svitlana ,   Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Deineka Anastasiia ,   National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute"
Published: January 2021

Modern advertising has a serious impact on society. Today, advertising texts are constantly present in the daily life of society. Based on the individual behavior of the consumer in the global network, appropriate contextual suggestions are formed and the retargeting tool is used - the display of the product viewed by the user or information about the service is repeated many times in order to stimulate its purchase. Despite the development of visual technologies and the ability to model special effects, most of the advertising still has a strong verbal component, through which, in its turn, the main communication strategies of the creator of the advertising text are realized. Means of linguistic imagery, as well as various means of persuasion help to positively influence the consumer. Advertising is not just an announcement, message, acquaintance, reminder, but also a means of attracting attention, creating an image and popularity. The standard form of an advertising message consists of four main blocks: slogan, headline, main advertising text and phrase-echo. But the presence of all four blocks in one advertising message is not required. Often, ad authors can ignore the headline by including all the necessary information that will attract the recipient’s attention in the slogan. This option is becoming quite common, primarily to reduce the length of the advertising message. It was revealed that the implementation of the communicative function in English-language advertising determines the use of multilevel language tools at lexical, grammatical and stylistic levels, and also involves the appeal of the authors of advertising to various paralinguistic means. When translating advertising texts, there are some difficulties, which are that there are several approaches to understanding the translation equivalence, as well as the diversity of stylistic features of such texts. The solution to these problems is achieved by proper analysis of the source text and, as a consequence, the correct use of these approaches. The process of translating advertising texts is very complex and creative, the translator needs not only to take into account all the linguistic and extralinguistic features, but also to identify them harmoniously, motivating and influencing a certain type of audience.
FEATURES OF SENTIMENT ANALYSIS IMPLEMENTATION (INTERPRETATION OF SARCASM, WORD AMBIGUITY, NEGATION, AND MULTIPOLARITY)
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Levchenko Olena , Povoroznik Nataliia ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: January 2021

In the past decades, sentiment analysis has become one of the most active research areas in natural language processing, data mining, web mining, and information retrieval. The great demand in everyday life and the factor of novelty coupled with the availability of data from social networks have served as strong motivation for research on sentiment-analysis. A number of technical problems, most of which had not been attempted before, either in the NLP or linguistics communities have also generated strong research interests in academia. Sentiment analysis, also called opin-ion mining, is the field of study that analyzes people’s opinions, sentiments, apprais-als, attitudes, and emotions toward entities and their attributes expressed in written text. The entities can be products, services, organizations, individuals, events, issues, or topics. The field represents a large problem space. It improves not only the field of natural language processing but also management, political science, economics, and sociology because all these areas are related to the thoughts of consumers and public. User-generated content is full of opinions, because the main reason why people post messages on social media platforms is to express their views and opinions, and therefore sentiment analysis is at the centre of social media analysis. It turned out that user messages often contain plenty of sarcastic expressions and ambiguous words. Within one opinion both positive and negative sentiments can be present. This also applies to negative particles, which do not always indicate a negative tone. This article investigates four challenges faced by researchers while conducting sentiment analysis, namely: sarcasm, negation, word ambiguity, and multipolarity. These aspects significantly affect the accuracy of the results when we determine a sentiment. Modern approaches to solving the problem are also covered. These are mainly machine learning methods, such as convolutional neural networks (CNN), deep neural networks (DNN), long short-term memory (LTSM), recurrent neural network (RNN), support vector machines (SVM), etc.
Between the screen and the mask: on life and teletherapy in the time of the pandemic
Authors: Epstein Orit Badouk
Published: January 2021

The unexpected appearance of the deadly coronavirus that landed on our doorstep has hit us from left field. For a while the boundaries between my personal life and my work as a therapist felt meshed and burdened with fear, a collective sense of disorganisation and loss. In this article I try to capture and organise some of the experiences and events which took place during the first six months of the pandemic.
Cellos in the dark: managing attachment bonds in the time of Covid-19
Authors: Rowlandson Brenda
Published: January 2021

This article is essentially a narrative about deeply troubled people who are searching for hope. People who are struggling to find ways to feel and function better in both their close relationships and in the larger world. The coronavirus pandemic has collided with some core concepts of relational psychoanalysis and psychotherapy, challenging accepted theoretical conventions, such as the analytic frame, and impacting the attachment systems of both therapists and clients, individually and together. In these vignettes, each client is at a different stage of therapy, and I have described how the pandemic restrictions have either disturbed, or enhanced, our connection. Their stories are moving, and finding the essence of each one of them, even in this brief vignette format, has been a labour of love. I have written about their predicaments, but also about their impact on me, not only as a psychotherapist, but also as a human being.
"You have to do this, and only this": a plea for clinical flexibility at the time of coronavirus
Authors: Bugliani Adriano
Published: January 2021

The catastrophe of the coronavirus is just a special circumstance in order to show that clinical flexibility and a therapist's responsiveness is a necessary way of working if we want to meet our clients' very different situations and expressed needs. For decades a large amount of research has been stressing that "one size fits all" approaches are therapeutically detrimental, especially if clinical protocols are applied rigidly and exclusively. On the contrary, clinicians are helpful if they are able to tailor their craftsmanship to their clients' specific conditions, in particular by realising that emotional closeness can be attained even through phone or Skype.
Remote or close? Notes on working psychoanalytically by videoconference
Authors: Sloane John
Published: January 2021

In a time of forced physical distancing due to the Covid-19 virus, psychotherapy has moved online, disrupting what some feel is essential to the process. For the individual therapy couple the author describes in this article, the teletherapy platform provided a frame in which deeper, earlier feelings came to light, not only in the new, initially unwanted therapy space, but between the patient and his wife outside it. One session, especially, made it apparent that one person's need for affect-attunement conflicted with the other's need for recognition of difference or separateness — arousing feelings of mutual betrayal of basic trust and rage between husband and wife. These were witnessed by the therapist who was able to work with what was taking place as an enactment of old trauma, unconsciously contributed to, but eventually reparative for both parties. Several sessions are presented before and after that pivotal one in which technical problems were collaboratively overcome by the therapeutic couple, providing useful metaphors for familiar, but previously insurmountable obstacles between the marital couple, as well as freeing up verbal and non-verbal affective expression and reflection in the virtual, but increasingly intimate consulting room.
Juramento y compromiso parlamentario
Authors: Ruiz Miguel Alfonso
Published: January 2021

El presente estudio sobre el juramento político, que tiene su origen en una investigación más general sobre la democracia militante, se articula en cinco partes. Tras la breve introducción del § 1, el § 2 propone una caracterización general del juramento, de carácter histórico-filosófico sobre todo, para tratar de fijar su naturaleza esencial, su forma, sus tipos y sus funciones básicas. En el § 3 se aborda la situación jurídico-constitucional del juramento político, y especialmente del parlamentario, en el sistema europeo y español, con especial atención a la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional español, que se analiza críticamente. El § 4 adopta un enfoque filosófico normativo, de carácter político-jurídico, para discutir la justificación de la obligatoriedad del juramento en relación con los derechos a la libertad ideológica y a la participación política. Tal justificación se afirma como una posibilidad, pero no forzosamente como una necesidad moral o jurídica, a disposición del Estado democrático como expresión del compromiso de juego limpio de los representantes políticos con las reglas básicas de la democracia. En fin, el § 5 concluye con unas reflexiones sobre la utilidad o superfluidad de los juramentos en la actualidad y sobre la conveniencia o no de mantener el juramento de los parlamentarios.
Artificial neural network model for predicting load capacity of driven piles
Authors: Pessoa Alcineide Dutra , Sousa Gean Carlos Lopes de , Araujo Rodrigo da Cruz de , Anjos Gérson Jacques Miranda dos
Published: January 2021

In geotechnics, several models, empirical or not, have been proposed for the calculation of load capacity in deep foundations. These models run mainly through physical assumptions and construction of approximations by mathematical models. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), in addition to other applications, are excellent computational mechanisms that, based on biological neural learning, can perform predictions and approximations of functions. In this work, an application of artificial neural networks is presented. The objective here is to propose a mathematical model based on artificial intelligence focused on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) learning capable of predicting the load capacity for driven piles. The results obtained through the neural network were compared with actual values of load capacities obtained in the field through load tests. For this quantitative comparison, the following metrics have been chosen: Pearson correlation coefficient and mean squared error. The database used to carry out the project consisted of 233 load tests, carried out in diverse cities and different countries, for which load capacity, hammer weight, hammer drop height, pile length, pile diameter and pile penetration per blow values ​​were available. These values have been used as input values in a multilayer perceptron neural network to estimate the load capacities of the respective piles. It has been found that the proposed neural model presented, in general, correlation with field values above 90%, reaching 96% in the best result.
Marine mammal hotspots in the Greenland and Barents Seas
Authors: Hamilton CD , Lydersen C , Aars J , Biuw M , Boltunov AN , Born EW , Dietz R , Folkow LP , Glazov DM , Haug T , Heide-Jørgensen MP , Kettemer LE , Laidre KL , Øien N , Nordøy ES , Rikardsen AH , Rosing-Asvid A , Semenova V , Shpak OV , Sveegaard S , Ugarte F , Wiig Ø , Kovacs KM
Published: January 2021

Environmental change and increasing levels of human activity are threats to marine mammals in the Arctic. Identifying marine mammal hotspots and areas of high species richness are essential to help guide management and conservation efforts. Herein, space use based on biotelemetric tracking devices deployed on 13 species (ringed sealPusa hispida, bearded sealErignathus barbatus, harbour sealPhoca vitulina, walrusOdobenus rosmarus, harp sealPagophilus groenlandicus, hooded sealCystophora cristata, polar bearUrsus maritimus, bowhead whaleBalaena mysticetus, narwhalMonodon monoceros, white whaleDelphinapterus leucas, blue whaleBalaenoptera musculus, fin whaleBalaenoptera physalusand humpback whaleMegaptera novaeangliae; total = 585 individuals) in the Greenland and northern Barents Seas between 2005 and 2018 is reported. Getis-OrdGi* hotspots were calculated for each species as well as all species combined, and areas of high species richness were identified for summer/autumn (Jun-Dec), winter/spring (Jan-May) and the entire year. The marginal ice zone (MIZ) of the Greenland Sea and northern Barents Sea, the waters surrounding the Svalbard Archipelago and a few Northeast Greenland coastal sites were identified as key marine mammal hotspots and areas of high species richness in this region. Individual hotspots identified areas important for most of the tagged animals, such as common resting, nursing, moulting and foraging areas. Location hotspots identified areas heavily used by segments of the tagged populations, including denning areas for polar bears and foraging areas. The hotspots identified herein are also important habitats for seabirds and fishes, and thus conservation and management measures targeting these regions would benefit multiple groups of Arctic animals.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR PASING BAWAH BOLA VOLI DENGAN PENDEKATAN BERMAIN PADA SISWA KELAS X MAN DEMAK
Authors: Ramadhana Indrianto Arif , Perdana Jeff Agung
Published: January 2021

Forearm pass is one of the materials that must be mastered by students of class X Senior High School. In fact, many students do not yet master and know forearm pass techniques. This research is a classroom action research (CAR) with two cycles. Each cycle consists of 4 stages, namely: planning, action, observation and reflection. Data collection was carried out using observations and questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Hake's Normalized Gain formula. From the results of the study it is known that the psychomotor domain of students increased by 0.42 with average criteria from cycle 1 to cycle 2. The affective domain increased by 0.37 with average criteria. The cognitive domain increased by 0.39 with average criteria. Based on the results of the data analysis, it can be concluded that learning forearm pass techniques with games method can improve student learning outcomes.
STUDI DESKRIPTIF TINGKAT KEPUASAN PENGGUNA TRANSPORTASI BERBASIS ONLINE
Authors: Sahfitri Vivi
Published: January 2021

This study aims to conduct a descriptive study of the level satisfaction online-based transportation users viewed based on the perception by users of online transportation services.  Measuring the level of satisfaction of users of online transportation services using the ServQual method provided by the driver to service users by using the variables Reliabiilty, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy and Tangibles. Based on the results of the study, it can be known that in each variable measured more than 50% of respondents responded to the good category of statements given related to the quality of service to users. In addition, the conclusion that can be obtained based on the results of the study is the average value of measurement shows the level of satisfaction in the category of satisfied with the quality of driver service in online-based transportation services.
Chemical Management of Alternaria Leaf Blight of Sunflower
Authors: Saqib Hafiz M. , Chohan Sobia , Abid Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Sunflower is an important oil seed crop of Pakistan, comprising 20% proteins and 38-45% oil contents. Alternaria leaf blight (ALB) caused by Alternaria alternata, is one of the devastating diseases of sunflower. Six different fungicides viz., difenoconazole, hexaconazole, azoxystrobin, dimethomorph + mancozeb, myclobutanil and Sulphur were tested at different concentrations (10, 20, 30 ppm) in laboratory and in greenhouse. Fungicides performed best in the laboratory were also investigated in greenhouse against Alternaria leaf blight of sunflower. In in vitro study, Hexaconazole showed 100 % growth inhibition of A. alternata at 30 ppm followed by 70% at 20 ppm and 62% at 10 ppm. Difenoconazole proved as the 2nd best fungicide with 77% fungal inhibition at 30 ppm, 75.8% at 20 ppm and 71% at 10 ppm. Azoxystrobin was the least effective fungicide with 24%, 28%, 34% fungal inhibition at 10, 20 and 30 ppm, respectively. Twelve cultivars of sunflower were screened against blight disease in pot experiment to check the fungicides at different level of susceptibility in greenhouse. Screening result showed that FH 702 was the  highest susceptible variety with mean value 7.6. Greenhouse study of disease inhibition effect of fungicides also showed that hexaconazole fungicide produced the best results against A. alternata with 42% disease reduction in FH 702 cultivar and 25 % in FH 696 cultivar as compared to control (83%). The results showed that no fungicide provided full disease inhibition, so, further investigation is needed to find the new chemistry against blight disease of sunflower crop
A BRIEF METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A HYBRID MATERIAL BASED ON CARBON NANOTUBES AND ALUMINA
Authors:   Instituto Superior de Formación Docente Salomé Ureña, Corona Oscar , Méndez Franklin ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico
Published: January 2021

This research is presented in the area of composite materials; whose matrix is alumina with carbon nanotubes. The synthesis of CNT-based materials in alumina is driven by the exceptional chemical and mechanical properties of both materials. For this proposal, critical aspects such as the processing technique, the interfacial mechanisms between the Al2O3matrix and CNTs were revised, without losing the focus on the application of this composite in the structural area and determining the strengthening of the matrix due to the presence of reinforcements. This study deals with the synthesis and characterization of a hybrid material based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and alumina. A simple and efficient methodology is proposed, in which the composite material CNTs/alumina is prepared from the combination of nanofilaments with an aluminum-rich material. Characterization by MET gave evidence of typical carbon nanotube structures supported on aluminous material. Furthermore, MEB-EDS analysis of hybrid composite material confirmed the presence of carbon nanofilaments embedded in the alumina matrix. This study as an initial phase of the research allowed to identify a simple and novel methodology that will be extended in characterization and determination of structural relationships with processing parameters, and it is considering to perform multiscale modeling to know the mechanisms inherent in the compatibility between the matrix and nanofilaments, and thus the phenomenon of reinforcement
The Anti-apoptotic Role of 3′-Untranslational Region in Response to Angiotensin II via Mcl1 Expression
Authors: Lyu Dayin , Yan Hong , Chen Liyang , Zhang Lingmin , Du Yanfeng , Ding Lexi , Lu Qiulun
Published: January 2021

Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl1), an abundant protein in the myocardium, plays an essential role in fibrosis and anti-inflammation in cardiomyocytes to prevent heart failure. However, whetherMcl13′-untranslated regions (3′-UTR) has the cardio-protecting function remains unclear. Down-regulation of Mcl1 was observed in adult mice heart tissues after Angiotensin II (Ang II) treatment. Consistent within vivoresults, the reduction of Mcl1 expression was identified in Ang II-treated neonatal cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically,Mcl13′-UTR prevented Ang II-induced cardiac apoptosis via up-regulation of Mcl1 and an angiogenic factor with a G-patch domain and a forkhead-associated domain 1 (Aggf1), which plays cardiac-protective role. Our work broadens the scope of gene therapy targets and provides a new insight into gene therapy strategies involving mRNAs’ 3′-UTRs application.
Design of DOX-GNRs-PNIPAM@PEG-PLA Micelle With Temperature and Light Dual-Function for Potent Melanoma Therapy
Authors: Wang Na , Shi Jing , Wu Cong , Chu Weiwei , Tao Wanru , Li Wei , Yuan Xiaohai
Published: January 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to construct light and temperature dual-sensitive micellar carriers loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) and gold nanorods (DOX-GNRs-PNIPAM@PEG-PLA, DAPP) for melanoma therapy.

Methods: The DAPP self-assembled using fine-tuned physicochemical properties in water. The DAPP structure, temperature- and photo-sensitivity, drug-release, in-vitro serum stability, and cytotoxicity against melanoma B16F10 cells were evaluated in detail. The corresponding in-vitro and in-vivo therapeutic mechanisms were then evaluated using a B16F10-melanoma bearing BALB/c nude mouse model (B16F10).

Results: The light and temperature sensitive micellar drug-delivery system assembled from block copolymer and gold nanorods exhibited a narrow particle size and size distribution, good biocompatibility, well-designed photo-temperature conversion, controlled drug release, and high serum stability. Compared with the free DOX- and PBS-treated groups, the cell endocytosis-mediated cytotoxicity and intra-tumor accumulation of DAPP was markedly enhanced by the NIR-light exposure and induced potent in-vivo tumor inhibitory activity.

Conclusion: The design of DAPP, a dual-functional micellar drug-delivery system with temperature- and light-sensitive properties, offers a new strategy for skin-cancer therapy with a potent therapeutic index.
Response by Endodontists to the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID−19) Pandemic: An International Survey
Authors: Galicia Johnah C. , Mungia Rahma , Taverna Melanie V. , Mendoza Marissa J. , Estrela Carlos , Gaudin Alexis , Zhang Chengfei , Vaughn B. Aaron , Khan Asma A.
Published: January 2021

As SARS-CoV-2 continues to wreak havoc, health care workers are on the front lines to protect our communities. Dentists, particularly endodontists who manage dental emergencies, are engaged in high risk procedures that necessitate the modification of their treatment strategies in order to protect themselves, their staff and their patients from exposure to SARS-CoV-2. This study gathered international data from 448 endodontists to describe their awareness, their clinical care modifications, their strategies for re-opening and their reflection on the effects of the pandemic on their lives. Most endodontic practitioners (78%, n = 350) provided but limited their treatments to emergency care during the government-mandated shutdowns. They agreed with their local government's actions more than that of the national government, screened their patients for symptoms prior to treatment and changed their clinical care protocol to mitigate the spread of the virus. The pandemic has impacted their income, their ability to retain staff, and their financial and personal outlook in life.
Understanding How Fuel Treatments Interact With Climate and Biophysical Setting to Affect Fire, Water, and Forest Health: A Process-Based Modeling Approach
Authors: Burke William D. , Tague Christina , Kennedy Maureen C. , Moritz Max A.
Published: January 2021

Fuel treatments are a key forest management practice used to reduce fire severity, increase water yield, and mitigate drought vulnerability. Climate change exacerbates the need for fuel treatments, with larger and more frequent wildfires, increasing water demand, and more severe drought. The effects of fuel treatments can be inconsistent and uncertain and can be altered by a variety of factors including the type of treatment, the biophysical features of the landscape, and climate. Variation in fuel treatment effects can occur even within forest stands and small watershed management units. Quantifying the likely magnitude of variation in treatment effects and identifying the dominant controls on those effects is needed to support fuel treatment planning directed at achieving specific fire, water, and forest health goals. This research aims to quantify and better understand how local differences in treatment, landscape features, and climate alter those fuel treatment effects. We address these questions using a mechanistic coupled ecohydrologic model—the Regional Hydro-Ecological Simulation System (RHESSys). We ran 13,500 scenarios covering a range of fuel treatment, biophysical, and climate conditions, for the Southern Sierra Nevada of California. Across fuel treatment type, biophysical, and climate parameters, we find nontrivial variation in fuel treatment effects on stand carbon, net primary productivity, evapotranspiration, and fire-related canopy structure variables. Response variable estimates range substantially, from increases (1–48%) to decreases (−13 to −175%) compared to untreated scenarios. The relative importance of parameters differs by response variable; however, fuel treatment method and intensity, plant accessible water storage capacity (PAWSC), and vegetation type consistently demonstrate a large influence across response variables. These parameters interact to produce non-linear effects. Results show that projections of fuel treatment effects based on singular mean parameter values (such as mean PAWSC) provide a limited picture of potential responses. Our findings emphasize the need for a more complete perspective when assessing expected fuel treatment outcomes, both in their effects and in the interacting biophysical and climatic parameters that drive them. This research also serves as a demonstration of methodology to assess the likely variation in potential effects of fuel treatments for a given planning unit.
TAK1-TABs Complex: A Central Signalosome in Inflammatory Responses
Authors: Xu Yan-Ran , Lei Cao-Qi
Published: January 2021

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a member of the MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK) family and has been implicated in the regulation of a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. TAK1 functions through assembling with its binding partners TAK1-binding proteins (TAB1, TAB2, and TAB3) and can be activated by a variety of stimuli such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and toll-like receptor ligands, and they play essential roles in the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs. Numerous studies have demonstrated that post-translational modifications play important roles in properly controlling the activity, stability, and assembly of TAK1-TABs complex according to the indicated cellular environment. This review focuses on the recent advances in TAK1-TABs-mediated signaling and the regulations of TAK1-TABs complex by post-translational modifications.
SNP and Haplotype Interaction Models Reveal Association of Surfactant Protein Gene Polymorphisms With Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis of Mexican Population
Authors: Gandhi Chintan K. , Chen Chixiang , Amatya Shaili , Yang Lili , Fu Chenqi , Zhou Shouhao , Wu Rongling , Buendía-Roldan Ivette , Selman Moisés , Pardo Annie , Floros Joanna
Published: January 2021

Background: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease caused by inhalation of common environmental organic particles. Surfactant proteins (SPs) play a role in innate immunity and surfactant function. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or haplotypes of the SP genes associate with HP.

Methods: Seventy-five HP patients caused by avian antigen and 258 controls, asymptomatic antigen exposed and non-exposed were enrolled. SNP association was performed using logistic regression analysis and SNP-SNP interaction models.

Results: Based on odds ratio, regression analyses showed association of (a) rs7316_G, 1A3 (protective) compared to antigen exposed; (b) male sex, smoking, rs721917_T and rs1130866_T (protective) compared to non-exposed controls with HP; (c) compared to antigen exposed, 25 interactions associated with HP in a three-SNP model; (d) compared to non-exposed, (i) rs1136451 associated with increased, whereas rs1136450 and rs1130866 associated with lower HP risk, (ii) 97 interactions associated with HP in a three-SNP model. The majority of SNP-SNP interactions associated with increased HP risk involved SNPs of the hydrophilic SPs, whereas, the majority of interactions associated with lower HP risk involved SNPs of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic SPs; (e) haplotypes of SP genes associated with HP risk.

Conclusions: The complexity of SNPs interactions of the SFTP genes observed indicate that the lung inflammatory response to avian antigens is modulated by a complex gene interplay rather than by single SNPs.
Ornithine Lipids in Burkholderia spp. Pathogenicity
Authors: Córdoba-Castro Luz América , Salgado-Morales Rosalba , Torres Martha , Martínez-Aguilar Lourdes , Lozano Luis , Vences-Guzmán Miguel Ángel , Guan Ziqiang , Dantán-González Edgar , Serrano Mario , Sohlenkamp Christian
Published: January 2021

The genus Burkholderia sensu lato is composed of a diverse and metabolically versatile group of bacterial species. One characteristic thought to be unique for the genus Burkholderia is the presence of two forms each (with and without 2-hydroxylation) of the membrane lipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and ornithine lipids (OLs). Here, we show that only Burkholderia sensu stricto strains constitutively form OLs, whereas all other analyzed strains belonging to the Burkholderia sensu lato group constitutively form the two forms of PE, but no OLs. We selected two model bacteria to study the function of OL in Burkholderia sensu lato: (1) Burkholderia cenocepacia wild-type which constitutively forms OLs and its mutant deficient in the formation of OLs and (2) Robbsia andropogonis (formerly Burkholderia andropogonis) which does not form OL constitutively, and a derived strain constitutively forming OLs. Both were characterized under free-living conditions and during pathogenic interactions with their respective hosts. The absence of OLs in B. cenocepacia slightly affected bacterial growth under specific abiotic stress conditions such as high temperature and low pH. B. cenocepacia lacking OLs caused lower mortality in Galleria mellonella larvae while R. andropogonis constitutively forming OLs triggers an increased formation of reactive oxygen species immediately after infection of maize leaves, suggesting that OLs can have an important role during the activation of the innate immune response of eukaryotes.
A Reliable and Rapid Language Tool for the Diagnosis, Classification, and Follow-Up of Primary Progressive Aphasia Variants
Authors: Epelbaum Stéphane , Saade Yasmina Michel , Flamand Roze Constance , Roze Emmanuel , Ferrieux Sophie , Arbizu Céline , Nogues Marie , Azuar Carole , Dubois Bruno , Tezenas du Montcel Sophie , Teichmann Marc
Published: January 2021

Background: Primary progressive aphasias (PPA) have been investigated by clinical, therapeutic, and fundamental research but examiner-consistent language tests for reliable reproducible diagnosis and follow-up are lacking.

Methods: We developed and evaluated a rapid language test for PPA (“PARIS”) assessing its inter-examiner consistency, its power to detect and classify PPA, and its capacity to identify language decline after a follow-up of 9 months. To explore the reliability and specificity/sensitivity of the test it was applied to PPA patients (N = 36), typical amnesic Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients (N = 24) and healthy controls (N = 35), while comparing it to two rapid examiner-consistent language tests used in stroke-induced aphasia (“LAST”, “ART”).

Results: The application duration of the “PARIS” was ~10 min and its inter-rater consistency was of 88%. The three tests distinguished healthy controls from AD and PPA patients but only the “PARIS” reliably separated PPA from AD and allowed for classifying the two most frequent PPA variants: semantic and logopenic PPA. Compared to the “LAST” and “ART,” the “PARIS” also had the highest sensitivity for detecting language decline.

Conclusions: The “PARIS” is an efficient, rapid, and highly examiner-consistent language test for the diagnosis, classification, and follow-up of frequent PPA variants. It might also be a valuable tool for providing end-points in future therapeutic trials on PPA and other neurodegenerative diseases affecting language processing.
A Novel CCM2 Missense Variant Caused Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in a Chinese Family
Authors: Han Guoqing , Ma Li , Qiao Huanhuan , Han Lin , Wu Qiaoli , Li Qingguo
Published: January 2021

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are common vascular malformations in the central nervous system. Familial CCMs (FCCMs) are autosomal dominant inherited disease with incomplete penetrance and variable symptoms. Mutations in the KRIT1, CCM2, and PDCD10 genes cause the development of FCCM. Approximately 476 mutations of three CCM-related genes have been reported, most of which were case reports, and lack of data in stable inheritance. In addition, only a small number of causative missense mutations had been identified in patients. Here, we reported that 8/20 members of a Chinese family were diagnosed with CCMs. By direct DNA sequencing, we found a novel variant c.331G > C (p.A111P) in exon 4 of the CCM2 gene, which was a heterozygous exonic variant, in 7/20 family members. We consider this variant to be causative of disease due to a weaken the protein–protein interaction between KRIT1 and CCM2. In addition, we also found the exon 13 deletion in KRIT1 coexisting with the CCM2 mutation in patient IV-2, and this was inherited from her father (patient III-1H). This study of a Chinese family with a large number of patients with CCMs and stable inheritance of a CCM2 mutation contributes to better understanding the spectrum of gene mutations in CCMs.
A Picture Worth a Thousand Molecules—Integrative Technologies for Mapping Subcellular Molecular Organization and Plasticity in Developing Circuits
Authors: Minehart Jacqueline A. , Speer Colenso M.
Published: January 2021

A key challenge in developmental neuroscience is identifying the local regulatory mechanisms that control neurite and synaptic refinement over large brain volumes. Innovative molecular techniques and high-resolution imaging tools are beginning to reshape our view of how local protein translation in subcellular compartments drives axonal, dendritic, and synaptic development and plasticity. Here we review recent progress in three areas of neurite and synaptic study in situ—compartment-specific transcriptomics/translatomics, targeted proteomics, and super-resolution imaging analysis of synaptic organization and development. We discuss synergies between sequencing and imaging techniques for the discovery and validation of local molecular signaling mechanisms regulating synaptic development, plasticity, and maintenance in circuits.
Long-Term Exercise Reduces Formation of Tubular Aggregates and Promotes Maintenance of Ca2+ Entry Units in Aged Muscle
Authors: Boncompagni Simona , Pecorai Claudia , Michelucci Antonio , Pietrangelo Laura , Protasi Feliciano
Published: January 2021

Tubular aggregates (TAs) in skeletal muscle fibers are unusual accumulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) tubes that are found in different disorders including TA myopathy (TAM). TAM is a muscular disease characterized by muscle pain, cramping, and weakness that has been recently linked to mutations in STIM1 and ORAI1. STIM1 and ORAI1 are the two main proteins mediating store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), a mechanism activated by depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores (e.g., SR) that allows recovery of Ca2+ from the extracellular space during repetitive muscle activity. We have recently shown that exercise triggers the formation of unique intracellular junctions between SR and transverse tubules named Ca2+entry units (CEUs). CEUs promote colocalization of STIM1 with ORAI1 and improve muscle function in presence of external Ca2+. TAs virtually identical to those of TAM patients are also found in fast-twitch fibers of aging male mice. Here, we used a combination of electron and confocal microscopy, Western blotting, and ex vivo stimulation protocols (in presence or absence of external Ca2+) to evaluate the presence of TAs, STIM1-ORAI1 localization and expression and fatigue resistance of intact extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in wild-type male adult (4-month-old) and aged (24-month-old) mice and in mice trained in wheel cages for 15 months (from 9 to 24 months of age). The results collected indicate that (i) aging causes STIM1 and ORAI1 to accumulate in TAs and (ii) long-term exercise significantly reduced formation of TAs. In addition, (iii) EDL muscles from aged mice exhibited a faster decay of contractile force than adult muscles, likely caused by their inability to refill intracellular Ca2+ stores, and (iv) exercise in wheel cages restored the capability of aged EDL muscles to use external Ca2+ by promoting maintenance of CEUs. In conclusion, exercise prevented improper accumulation of STIM1 and ORAI1 in TAs during aging, maintaining the capability of aged muscle to refill intracellular Ca2+ stores via SOCE.
Potential Risk Factors for Aggression and Playfulness in Cats: Examination of a Pooling Fallacy Using Fe-BARQ as an Example
Authors: Gajdoš Kmecová Noema , Pet'ková Barbara , Kottferová Jana , Wannell Rachel Sarah , Mills Daniel Simon
Published: January 2021

Using a popular method of behaviour evaluation which rates the intensity of behaviour in different contexts, we demonstrate how pooling item scores relating to a given construct can reveal different potential risk factors for the dependent variable depending on how the total score is constructed. We highlight how similar simple total scores can be constructed through very different combinations of constituent items. We argue for the importance of examining individual item score distributions, and the results from different intensity thresholds before deciding on the preferred method for calculating a meaningful dependent variable. We consider simply pooling individual item scores which conflate context with intensity to calculate an average score and assuming this represents a biologically meaningful measure of trait intensity is a fallacy. Specifically using four items that describe intercat aggression and eleven that describe playfulness in cats in Fe-BARQ, we found sex and neuter status, social play and fearfulness were consistently significant predictors for intercat aggression scores; and age, age when obtained, social play and fearfulness were significant predictors of playfulness scores. However, the significance of other factors such as scratching varied with the threshold used to calculate to the total score. We argue that some of these inconsistent variables may be biologically and clinically important and should not be considered random error. Instead they need to be evaluated in the context of other available evidence.
Quantifying Uncertainty in Food Security Modeling
Authors: Shoaib Syed Abu , Khan Mohammad Zaved Kaiser , Sultana Nahid , Mahmood Taufique H.
Published: January 2021

Food security is considered as the most important global challenge. Therefore, identifying long-term drivers of food security and their connections is essential to steer policymakers determining policies for future food security and sustainable development. Given the complexity and uncertainty of multidimensional food security, quantifying the extent of uncertainty is vital. In this study, we investigated the uncertainty of a coupled hydrologic food security model to examine the impacts of climatic warming on food production (rice, cereal and wheat) in a mild temperature study site in China. In addition to varying temperature, our study also investigated the impacts of three CO2 emission scenarios—the Representative Concentration Pathway, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, RCP 8.5—on food production. Our ultimate objective was to quantify the uncertainty in a coupled hydrologic food security model and report the sources and timing of uncertainty under a warming climate using a coupled hydrologic food security model tested against observed food production years. Our study shows an overall increasing trend in rice, cereal and wheat production under a warming climate. Crop yield data from China are used to demonstrate the extent of uncertainty in food security modeling. An innovative and systemic approach is developed to quantify the uncertainty in food security modeling. Crop yield variability with the rising trend of temperature also demonstrates a new insight in quantifying uncertainty in food security modeling.
Bioactive Compounds, Therapeutic Activities, and Applications of Ficus pumila L.
Authors: Qi Zhi-Yong , Zhao Jia-Ying , Lin Fang-Jun , Zhou Wan-Lai , Gan Ren-You
Published: January 2021

Ficus pumila L. has been used as a functional plant for a long time in East Asia, especially its fruits, as a dietary component in Japan and parts of China. A series of bioactive compounds, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, alcohols, and steroids, have been extracted from the stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits of Ficus pumila L. Accumulated studies have demonstrated that Ficus pumila L. has multiple therapeutic activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitumor, hypoglycemic, and cardiovascular protective effects. Moreover, Ficus pumila L. has extensive applications, such as in the food industry and ecological city construction. Herein, we summarize the latest knowledge about the bioactive compounds and therapeutic activities of Ficus pumila L., and its applications in the food industry and ecological city construction are also discussed. We hope that this comprehensive review can attract more attention to Ficus pumila L. and be helpful for its further applications.