bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scaling‐up biofortified beans high in iron and zinc through the school‐feeding program: A sensory acceptance study with schoolchildren from two departments in southwest Colombia
Authors: Beintema Joni J. S. , Gallego‐Castillo Sonia , Londoño‐Hernandez Luis F. , Restrepo‐Manjarres José , Talsma Elise F.
Published: April 2018

Iron and zinc deficiencies are global health problems, affecting mostly pregnant women and young children. In 2016, biofortified iron and zinc beans were introduced in Colombia. The incorporation of biofortified beans into the national school‐feeding program could facilitate adoption and potentially improve the nutritional status of large populations. However, biofortified beans have to be accepted in order to be consumed by populations. We therefore studied the sensory acceptability of two biofortified beans, BIO‐101 and BIO‐107, and local beans at schools with free feeding services in two departments of southwest Colombia. Measured on a five‐point Likert scale, the mean overall scores were 3.88 ± 0.64, 3.79 ± 0.74, and 3.81 ± 0.76, for BIO‐101, BIO‐107, and the local bean varieties, respectively, without significant differences. The children in Piendamó (Cauca) slightly preferred BIO‐107 over the local bean (p < .05) based on color, smell, and taste. The children in Caicedonia (Valle del Cauca) slightly favored the local bean over BIO‐107 (p < .05), regarding size, smell, and taste. Overall acceptability in schoolchildren was good for all beans without significant differences. This study advocates incorporation of accepted biofortified beans in the school‐feeding program, in order to reach large groups of schoolchildren and potentially improve their nutritional statuses.
Oncolytic activity of the rhabdovirus VSV‐GP against prostate cancer
Authors: Urbiola Carles , Santer Frédéric R. , Petersson Monika , van der Pluijm Gabri , Horninger Wolfgang , Erlmann Patrik , Wollmann Guido , Kimpel Janine , Culig Zoran , von Laer Dorothee
Published: April 2018

Oncolytic viruses, including the oncolytic rhabdovirus VSV‐GP tested here, selectively infect and kill cancer cells and are a promising new therapeutic modality. Our aim was to study the efficacy of VSV‐GP, a vesicular stomatitis virus carrying the glycoprotein of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, against prostate cancer, for which current treatment options still fail to cure metastatic disease. VSV‐GP was found to infect 6 of 7 prostate cancer cell lines with great efficacy. However, susceptibility was reduced in one cell line with low virus receptor expression and in 3 cell lines after interferon alpha treatment. Four cell lines had developed resistance to interferon type I at different levels of the interferon signaling pathway, resulting in a deficient antiviral response. In prostate cancer mouse models, long‐term remission was achieved upon intratumoral and, remarkably, also upon intravenous treatment of subcutaneous tumors and bone metastases. These promising efficacy data demonstrate that treatment of prostate cancer with VSV‐GP is feasible and safe in preclinical models and encourage further preclinical and clinical development of VSV‐GP for systemic treatment of metastatic prostate cancer.
Long‐term longitudinal changes in baseline PSA distribution and estimated prevalence of prostate cancer in male Japanese participants of population‐based PSA screening
Authors: Oki Ryo , Ito Kazuto , Suzuki Rie , Fujizuka Yuji , Arai Seiji , Miyazawa Yoshiyuki , Sekine Yoshitaka , Koike Hidekazu , Matsui Hiroshi , Shibata Yasuhiro , Suzuki Kazuhiro
Published: April 2018

Japan has experienced a drastic increase in the incidence of prostate cancer (PC). To assess changes in the risk for PC, we investigated baseline prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels in first‐time screened men, across a 25‐year period. In total, 72,654 men, aged 50–79, underwent first‐time PSA screening in Gunma prefecture between 1992 and 2016. Changes in the distribution of PSA levels were investigated, including the percentage of men with a PSA above cut‐off values and linear regression analyses comparing log10 PSA with age. The ‘ultimate incidence’ of PC and clinically significant PC (CSPC) were estimated using the PC risk calculator. Changes in the age‐standardized incidence rate (AIR) during this period were analyzed. The calculated coefficients of linear regression for age versus log10 PSA fluctuated during the 25‐year period, but no trend was observed. In addition, the percentage of men with a PSA above cut‐off values varied in each 5‐year period, with no specific trend. The ‘risk calculator (RC)‐based AIR’ of PC and CSPC were stable between 1992 and 2016. Therefore, the baseline risk for developing PC has remained unchanged in the past 25 years, in Japan. The drastic increase in the incidence of PC, beginning around 2000, may be primarily due to increased PSA screening in the country.
Air pollution and incidence of cancers of the stomach and the upper aerodigestive tract in the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE)
Authors: Nagel Gabriele , Stafoggia Massimo , Pedersen Marie , Andersen Zorana J , Galassi Claudia , Munkenast Jule , Jaensch Andrea , Sommar Johan , Forsberg Bertil , Olsson David , Oftedal Bente , Krog Norun H , Aamodt Geir , Pyko Andrei , Pershagen Göran , Korek Michal , De Faire Ulf , Pedersen Nancy L , Östenson Claes‐Göran , Fratiglioni Laura , Sørensen Mette , Tjønneland Anne , Peeters Petra H , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita Bas , Vermeulen Roel , Eeftens Marloes , Plusquin Michelle , Key Timothy J , Concin Hans , Lang Alois , Wang Meng , Tsai Ming‐Yi , Grioni Sara , Marcon Alessandro , Krogh Vittorio , Ricceri Fulvio , Sacerdote Carlotta , Ranzi Andrea , Cesaroni Giulia , Forastiere Francesco , Tamayo‐Uria Ibon , Amiano Pilar , Dorronsoro Miren , de Hoogh Kees , Beelen Rob , Vineis Paolo , Brunekreef Bert , Hoek Gerard , Raaschou‐Nielsen Ole , Weinmayr Gudrun
Published: April 2018

Air pollution has been classified as carcinogenic to humans. However, to date little is known about the relevance for cancers of the stomach and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT). We investigated the association of long‐term exposure to ambient air pollution with incidence of gastric and UADT cancer in 11 European cohorts. Air pollution exposure was assigned by land‐use regression models for particulate matter (PM) below 10 µm (PM10), below 2.5 µm (PM2.5), between 2.5 and 10 µm (PMcoarse), PM2.5 absorbance and nitrogen oxides (NO2 and NOX) as well as approximated by traffic indicators. Cox regression models with adjustment for potential confounders were used for cohort‐specific analyses. Combined estimates were determined with random effects meta‐analyses. During average follow‐up of 14.1 years of 305,551 individuals, 744 incident cases of gastric cancer and 933 of UADT cancer occurred. The hazard ratio for an increase of 5 µg/m3 of PM2.5 was 1.38 (95% CI 0.99; 1.92) for gastric and 1.05 (95% CI 0.62; 1.77) for UADT cancers. No associations were found for any of the other exposures considered. Adjustment for additional confounders and restriction to study participants with stable addresses did not influence markedly the effect estimate for PM2.5 and gastric cancer. Higher estimated risks of gastric cancer associated with PM2.5 was found in men (HR 1.98 [1.30; 3.01]) as compared to women (HR 0.85 [0.5; 1.45]). This large multicentre cohort study shows an association between long‐term exposure to PM2.5 and gastric cancer, but not UADT cancers, suggesting that air pollution may contribute to gastric cancer risk.
A demonstration of higher‐order response class development in children
Authors: Dixon Mark R. , McCord Brandon E. , Belisle Jordan
Published: April 2018

We evaluated a procedure for teaching two children, one typically developing and one with autism, a higher‐order generalized operant response class of unscrambling sight words. The procedures were efficacious in teaching the participants to unscramble words appearing in isolation and in the context of a sentence, with 98% of the presented discriminative stimuli novel to the participants.
Effect of a grapevine‐shoot waste extract on red wine aromatic properties
Authors: Ruiz‐Moreno María J , Raposo Rafaela , Puertas Belén , Cuevas Francisco J , Chinnici Fabio , Moreno‐Rojas José M , Cantos‐Villar Emma
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

The use of a grapevine‐shoot extract (VIN) is being studied as an alternative to sulfur dioxide (SO2). VIN stabilizes anthocyanins and preserves polyphenolic compounds, and thus improves chromatic wine properties. In this study, selected aroma compounds (esters, C13‐norisoprenoids, oxidation and vine‐shoot‐related compounds), sensory analysis and the olfactometric profile were determined in the wines treated with VIN at two concentrations.

RESULTS

Treatment with VIN hardly modified the content of esters and oxidation‐related compounds in the wines. However, the high β‐damascenone and isoeugenol contents and the increase in astringency at tasting in VIN wines were noteworthy, as were some odorant zones. All these were established as VIN markers after the chemometric data analysis.

CONCLUSION

These data revealed that only the lowest dose tested may be recommended as a suitable alternative to SO2. Although some aromatic properties of these wines may change, these changes are not considered to affect the quality of the wines negatively. These results are useful for wineries, which face having to discover the aroma‐related processes in the challenge of producing SO2‐free wines without detriment to their sensory properties. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Ag(I)‐Catalyzed Chlorination of Linezolid during Water Treatment: Kinetics and Mechanism
Authors: Kulkarni Raviraj M. , Hanagadakar Manjunath S. , Malladi Ramesh S. , Shetti Nagaraj P.
Published: April 2018

The kinetic and mechanistic study of Ag(I)‐catalyzed chlorination of linezolid (LNZ) by free available chlorine (FAC) was investigated at environmentally relevant pH 4.0–9.0. Apparent second‐order rate constants decreased with an increase in pH of the reaction mixture. The apparent second‐order rate constant for uncatalyzed reaction, e.g., k″app = 8.15 dm3 mol−1 s−1 at pH 4.0 and k″app. = 0.076 dm3 mol−1 s−1 at pH 9.0 and 25 ± 0.2°C and for Ag(I) catalyzed reaction total apparent second‐order rate constant, e.g., k″app = 51.50 dm3 mol−1 s−1 at pH 4.0 and k″app. = 1.03 dm3 mol−1 s−1 at pH 9.0 and 25 ± 0.2°C. The Ag(I) catalyst accelerates the reaction of LNZ with FAC by 10‐fold. A mechanism involving electrophilic halogenation has been proposed based on the kinetic data and LC/ESI/MS spectra. The influence of temperature on the rate of reaction was studied; the rate constants were found to increase with an increase in temperature. The thermodynamic activation parameters Ea, ΔH#, ΔS#, and ΔG# were evaluated for the reaction and discussed. The influence of catalyst, initially added product, dielectric constant, and ionic strength on the rate of reaction was also investigated. The monochlorinated substituted product along with degraded one was formed by the reaction of LNZ with FAC.
Conceptualization and model development of customer‐to‐customer encounter quality (CCEQ) in service settings
Authors: Kim Hyun Sik , Lee Jun Youb , La Suna , Choi Beomjoon
Published: April 2018

Despite interests from many researchers, the conceptualization and measurement of customer‐to‐customer encounter quality (CCEQ) have mostly remained untapped. The present study aims to develop a conceptual framework to manage the impact of other customers on the focal customers’ service experience based on the perceived service quality framework. In Study 1, the authors employed critical incident technique to establish a multilayered factor structure of CCEQ consisted of three primary categories: customer‐to‐customer hedonic quality, customer‐to‐customer utilitarian quality, and customer‐to‐customer normative quality. In Study 2, the authors examined reliability and validity of the CCEQ model by using comprehensive confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modeling. The results support the conceptualization of CCEQ proposed in Study 1. As an initial work as to the conceptualization and measurement of CCEQ model, this study provides theoretical and managerial insights into other customers’ influence on focal customers’ overall evaluation of service experiences.
A supercritical CO2 extract of neem leaf (A. indica) and its bioactive liminoid, nimbolide, suppresses colon cancer in preclinical models by modulating pro‐inflammatory pathways
Authors: Patel Mandakini J. , Tripathy Shreya , Mukhopadhyay Keya D. , Wangjam Tamna , Cabang April B. , Morris Jay , Wargovich Michael J.
Published: April 2018

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in men and women in the United States. Anti‐inflammatory blockade has been proven to be a promising avenue of colorectal cancer prevention. However, NSAIDs while effective in curbing CRC risk are too toxic for long‐term use in cancer prevention. The Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) is rich in liminoid terpenoids, collectively known as azadiractoids and has been shown to have anti‐inflammatory effects. To explore a role of neem in CRC, human colon cancer cell lines HCT116 and HT29 cells were treated with purified Super Critical Neem Extract (SCNE) or the neem liminoid, nimbolide. SCNE treatment resulted in a dose dependent inhibition of CRC cell proliferation and an increase in apoptosis. Treatment with SCNE and nimbolide decreased the expression of transcriptional factors, STAT3 and NF‐κB which plays a major role in gene regulation of multiple cellular processes. Protein expression of COX1, IL‐6, and TNF‐α were decreased on treatment with SCNE in CRC cells. Western blots and Zymogram assays results revealed anti‐invasive effect by decreased expression of MMP2 and MMP9 proteins in CRC cells. Overall, these data confirm a potential anti‐cancer effect of SCNE, reducing cell proliferation, inflammation, migration, and invasion in human colon cancer cells. Confirming these indications, we found that treatment of mice bearing HT29 and HCT116 xenografted tumors exhibited striking inhibition of colon tumor growth. Clearly we must explore the effect of neem in preclinical animal models for anti‐cancer therapy.
Atypical Glutaric Aciduria Type I with Hemidystonia and Asymmetric Radiological Findings Misdiagnosed as an Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Demailly Diane , Vianey‐Saban Christine , Acquaviva Cécile , Gonzalez Victoria , Rubio Isabel De Antonio , Cyprien Fabienne , Roujeau Thomas , Masoliver Adria , Leboucq Nicolas , Coubes Philippe , Cif Laura
Published: April 2018

View Supplementary Video 1
Otolith-Chemistry-Based Discrimination of Wild- and Hatchery-Origin Steelhead across the Lake Michigan Basin
Authors: Watson Nicole M. , Prichard Carson G. , Jonas Jory L. , Student James J. , Pangle Kevin L.
Published: April 2018

Effective conservation and management of mixed-stock fisheries depends upon accurate stock identification of individual fish. We evaluated the utility of otolith chemical analysis as an approach to classify juvenile, premigratory steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss collected in tributaries of Lake Michigan as either wild or hatchery origin. Two primary hypotheses proposed were that otolith chemistry can be used (1) to classify juvenile, hatchery-origin steelhead to the correct hatchery of origin and (2) to correctly classify stream-collected juvenile steelhead as wild or hatchery origin. Using laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, we analyzed the concentrations of seven elements (using 25Mg, 55Mn, 65Cu, 66Zn, 88Sr, 137Ba, 208Pb) in the otoliths of juvenile steelhead collected from five hatcheries and 25 streams in the Lake Michigan basin. When discriminating among hatcheries, only 4.41% of fish misclassified to an alternate hatchery when subjected to the best random forest classification algorithm that included all elements as predictor variables. Distinct chemical signatures between fish of wild and hatchery origin supported 100% classification accuracies of known-wild, age-0 steelhead as wild origin for 19 of the 25 streams sampled. Misclassification of wild, age-0, and hatchery-origin fish, which tended to occur for streams that were located in close proximity to the hatchery, never exceeded 3.4% for a given stream. Our findings demonstrate highly successful discrimination of hatchery-origin and wild juvenile steelhead across a broad geographic range. Applying the classification algorithms developed herein to unknown-origin steelhead provides the ability to infer survival of year-classes from specific hatcheries. Further, the ability to differentiate hatchery- and wild-origin fish will assist in stock assessment efforts allowing for increased effectiveness of conservation and management of the species.
Convergence estimates of nonrestarted and restarted block‐Lanczos methods
Authors: Zhou Ming
Published: April 2018

The block‐Lanczos method serves to compute a moderate number of eigenvalues and the corresponding invariant subspace of a symmetric matrix. In this paper, the convergence behavior of nonrestarted and restarted versions of the block‐Lanczos method is analyzed. For the nonrestarted version, we improve an estimate by Saad by means of a change of the auxiliary vector so that the new estimate is much more accurate in the case of clustered or multiple eigenvalues. For the restarted version, an estimate by Knyazev is generalized by extending our previous results on block steepest descent iterations and single‐vector restarted Krylov subspace iterations. The new estimates can also be reformulated and applied to invert‐block‐Lanczos methods for solving generalized matrix eigenvalue problems.
Effect of multiphase fiber system and stacking sequence on low‐velocity impact and residual tensile behavior of glass/epoxy composite laminates
Authors: Jefferson Andrew J. , Srinivasan Sivakumar M. , Arockiarajan A.
Published: April 2018

This article investigates the effect of multiphase fiber system based on plain weave woven fabrics and chopped short fibers in glass/epoxy composite laminates on low‐velocity drop weight impact and quasi‐static tensile after impact (TAI) behaviors. In this regard, glass/epoxy composites with two stacking sequences (intercalated and sandwich‐like lay‐ups) were tested and compared with homogeneous standard composites fabricated with either only woven or only chopped fibers. In all the samples with multiphase fiber system, the amount of woven and chopped glass fibers were equal (4 layers and 3 layers, respectively), while stacking sequences were different. This enabled us to investigate the associated influences of fiber architecture and stacking sequence on low‐velocity drop weight impact and TAI behavior of the glass/epoxy composite laminates. All the glass/epoxy samples were impacted at four various impact energy levels, particularly 2, 4, 6, and 8 J. Results depicted that fiber architecture and stacking sequence played a vital role in low‐velocity drop weight impact and TAI behavior (i.e., damage degree, absorbed energy, peak contact force, residual deformation, residual tensile strength, displacement to ultimate failure, and failure profile) of the glass/epoxy samples. The results depicted that the sandwich‐like lay‐up configuration presented superior impact properties and damage tolerance capabilities at low impact energies (up to 4 J). On the contrary, intercalated lay‐up arrangement suited better to withstand widespread damage generated by higher impact energy levels (6 and 8 J), because they enabled a more efficient redistribution of low‐velocity impact damage in the composite. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:1450–1462, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
The reinforcing mechanism of mechanical properties of bamboo fiber bundle‐reinforced composites
Authors: Yu Yanglun , Huang Yuxiang , Zhang Yahui , Liu Ru , Meng Fandan , Yu Wenji
Published: April 2018

In this study, bamboo fiber bundle‐reinforced composites (BFCs) were prepared from Neosinocalamus affinis and phenol‐formaldehyde resins. The strength and modulus of BFC were more than double those of the raw bamboo. By using micro computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy and nanoindentation tests, the reinforcement mechanism of the bamboo‐based composites was investigated. And the details were summarized as follows. As the strongest parts of bamboo, the mechanical properties of the fiber cells were almost unchanged but their relative amounts increased due to the densification, thereby improving the carrying capacity. The ground tissues, the weakest parts of bamboo, had a substantial improvement in their mechanical properties. Due to elaborative fluffing process and high pressure forming, the intercellular space and cell cavity were filled with resins. The resins bonded the ingredients together so that the weak intercellular layers were enhanced. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:1463–1472, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Prevalence of mindfulness literature and intervention in school psychology journals from 2006 to 2016
Authors: Bender Stacy L. , Roth Rachel , Zielenski Alicia , Longo Zachary , Chermak Ashley
Published: April 2018

Mindfulness has been gaining momentum in the field of school psychology, however compared to other applied psychology fields, less research on mindfulness interventions has been conducted. This study systematically reviewed mindfulness literature and empirical studies in nine school psychology journals from 2006–2016. The prevalence of mindfulness articles and research specifically focused on mindfulness intervention were examined. Additionally, the type of intervention implemented, tier of intervention, and targets of intervention were examined. Results indicated that .57% of articles during the ten‐year time frame were related to mindfulness (n = 17). Eight of the 17 articles investigated mindfulness interventions, with interventions ranging from informal practices (e.g., Mandala coloring) to specific intervention programs (e.g., Compassion and Attention in the Schools). Majority of interventions were implemented at the universal level for students. Future directions for mindfulness research and the importance of mindfulness in school psychology are discussed.
Controlled synthesis and evaluation of cyanate ester/epoxy copolymer system for high temperature molding compounds
Authors: Wu Fan , Tuan Chia‐Chi , Song Bo , Moon Kyoung‐Sik , Wong Ching‐Ping
Published: April 2018

Epoxy molding compounds (EMCs) have become an integral component for high power electronics to work under harsh environment nowadays. For high temperature operation, polymer networks with high glass transition temperature (Tg) are required to ensure device stability. In this work, high Tg polymers were designed via controlled incorporation of in situ formed and thermally stable triazine structures into epoxy matrix. Reactions involved in the copolymer system of cyanate ester and epoxy (CE/EP) were investigated. Increasing ratio of cyanate ester dramatically promoted Tg of the copolymer up to 275 °C with improved heat resistance. High temperature aging and moisture absorption tests revealed that hydrolysis of polycyanurate network and rearrangement of cyanurate occurred during aging, especially for copolymers with higher than 75% of cyanate ester. Based on thermal properties and aging performance, the composition of CE/EP system was optimized. The formulated bisphenol A cyanate ester and biphenyl epoxy copolymer system has great potential to be applied as high temperature encapsulation materials in electronic packaging. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1337–1345
Mechanical properties of BiP protein determined by nano‐rheology
Authors: Casanova‐Morales Nathalie , Quiroga‐Roger Diego , Alfaro‐Valdés Hilda M. , Alavi Zahra , Lagos‐Espinoza Miguel I.A. , Zocchi Giovanni , Wilson Christian A.M.
Published: April 2018

Immunoglobulin Binding Protein (BiP) is a chaperone and molecular motor belonging to the Hsp70 family, involved in the regulation of important biological processes such as synthesis, folding and translocation of proteins in the Endoplasmic Reticulum. BiP has two highly conserved domains: the N‐terminal Nucleotide‐Binding Domain (NBD), and the C‐terminal Substrate‐Binding Domain (SBD), connected by a hydrophobic linker. ATP binds and it is hydrolyzed to ADP in the NBD, and BiP's extended polypeptide substrates bind in the SBD. Like many molecular motors, BiP function depends on both structural and catalytic properties that may contribute to its performance. One novel approach to study the mechanical properties of BiP considers exploring the changes in the viscoelastic behavior upon ligand binding, using a technique called nano‐rheology. This technique is essentially a traditional rheology experiment, in which an oscillatory force is directly applied to the protein under study, and the resulting average deformation is measured. Our results show that the folded state of the protein behaves like a viscoelastic material, getting softer when it binds nucleotides‐ ATP, ADP, and AMP‐PNP‐, but stiffer when binding HTFPAVL peptide substrate. Also, we observed that peptide binding dramatically increases the affinity for ADP, decreasing it dissociation constant (KD) around 1000 times, demonstrating allosteric coupling between SBD and NBD domains.
Selective Detection of a Reducing Gas Using WO3‐Decorated ZnO Nanorod‐Based Sensor in the Presence of Oxidizing Gases
Authors: Lee Jae Kyung , Lee Woo Seok , Lee Wan In , Choi Seung Bok , Hyun Soong Keun , Lee Chongmu
Published: April 2018

In one of their recent works, the authors predicted that in a composite Schottky type junction sensor, if the work function of the decorating material is larger than that of the decorated material, the resulting sensor would show higher response to reducing gases as compared to oxidizing gases. They also proposed the hypothesis that the superior performance of the sensor fabricated from ZnO nanorod (NR) (a larger work function material) sensor decorated with n‐CaO (a smaller work function material) as compared to the pristine ZnO NR sensor, can be attributed mainly to the former modulation effect, and not to the latter modulation. In this study, to verify this hypothesis, a chemiresistive sensor based on n‐WO3 (a larger workfunction material) decorated on n‐ZnO NRs (a smaller workfunction material) is fabricated and it is shown that the response of this sensor to a reducing gas such as CO is stronger than its response to oxidizing gases like O2, NO2, Cl2, SO2, and CO2. It is also shown that, of the two competing mechanisms in the operation of the sensor, namely, the modulation of the potential barrier height at the n–n heterojunction and the modulation of the conduction channel width, the superior performance of the WO3‐decorated n‐ZnO NR sensor as compared to the pristine ZnO NR sensor is mainly owing to the enhanced modulation of the potential barrier height.
MOVPE Growth of Smooth and Homogeneous Al0.8Ga0.2N:Si Superlattices as UVC Laser Cladding Layers
Authors: Kuhn Christian , Simoneit Tino , Martens Martin , Markurt Toni , Enslin Johannes , Mehnke Frank , Bellmann Konrad , Schulz Tobias , Albrecht Martin , Wernicke Tim , Kneissl Michael
Published: April 2018

Smooth, uniform, and conductive AlxGa1−xN layers with high aluminum mole fractions of x > 0.7 are required as cladding layers for laser diodes emitting in the deep ultraviolet spectral region. In this paper, the growth of silicon‐doped AlGaN/AlGaN superlattices by metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy is investigated and compared to bulk AlGaN layers. It is found that the superlattice approach enables the growth of AlGaN layers with improved lateral uniformity of composition and strain state. In order to reduce the surface roughness, growth interruptions between the superlattice layers are investigated. With increasing growth interruption time, the average aluminum content is increasing and the superlattice period thickness is decreasing. Scanning transmission electron microscopy investigations show that the growth interruptions lead to more abrupt interfaces and to the formation of one to two monolayer thin aluminum‐rich AlGaN layers at each interface. This also leads to a significantly smoother surface morphology. Low resistivities of 0.025 Ω cm are obtained for AlGaN:Si superlattices with average aluminum content of x = 0.8. The influence of the surface morphology of the AlGaN cladding layers on optically pumped laser heterostructures is investigated. By using a smooth AlGaN super­lattice, the lasing threshold decreases by a factor of 2 compared to lasers with bulk AlGaN cladding layers.
Bonding Character and Magnetism at the Interface Between Fe and MoS2 Nanosheets
Authors: Mantovan Roberto , Matveyev Yuri , Vinai Giovanni , Martella Christian , Torelli Piero , Molle Alessandro , Zarubin Sergei , Lebedinskii Yuri , Zenkevich Andrei
Published: April 2018

In order to enable the use of the prototypical 2D‐layered MoS2 for spintronics, its integration with ferromagnetic layers is mandatory. By employing interface‐sensitive 57Fe conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy (CEMS), hard X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the chemical, structural, and magnetic properties of the Fe/2D‐MoS2 interface are investigated. CEMS shows that out of the first 1 nm of Fe in direct contact with 2D‐MoS2, about half of the Fe atoms keeps the un‐perturbed Fe local environment, partly in regions where the original 2D‐layered structure of MoS2 is preserved as shown by TEM. The remaining reacting Fe atoms exclusively bond with Mo, with the majority of them being characterized by a ferromagnetic environment and the rest coordinating in a paramagnetic Fe‐Mo configuration. The preferential Fe bonding with Mo is corroborated by HAXPES analysis. The results provide detailed insight into the link between the bonding configuration and the interfacial magnetism at the Fe/2D‐MoS2 heterojunction.
Effects of Grain Size on the UV‐Photoresponse of Zinc Oxide Thin Films Grown by Spray‐Pyrolysis
Authors: Villegas Edgar A. , Aldao Celso M. , Savu Raluca , Ramajo Leandro A. , Parra Rodrigo
Published: April 2018

Zinc oxide films with different average grain size are deposited on glass substrates by spray‐pyrolysis at 425 °C. Samples are characterized by XRD, UV–Vis transmittance, FE‐SEM, and electrical properties measurements. The increase in conductivity observed under 365 nm wavelength illumination is evaluated in terms of grain size. Films with small grains (120 nm) show higher response with respect to films with larger grains (230 and 300 nm). A model considering resistivity and grain size for the prediction of the response of films in terms of UV‐to‐dark conductivity ratio is proposed and validated with experimental results.
A building energy demand and urban land surface model
Authors: Lipson Mathew J. , Thatcher Marcus , Hart Melissa A. , Pitman Andrew
Published: April 2018

Cities are unique environments where anthropogenic waste heat from energy consumption changes the dynamics of the boundary layer, affecting temperatures, pollution dispersion and buoyancy‐driven flows. Although urban environments are important for societal wellbeing, there are relatively few models that link predictions of waste heat variability with urban climate interactions. This study presents the Urban Climate and Energy Model (UCLEM): a new physically based model representing important heat transfer processes between the atmosphere, external and internal urban environments, combined with a statistical model of human behaviours relating to energy use. The aim of UCLEM is to efficiently predict the climatology of different urban areas, as well as the energy used to maintain comfortable temperatures within buildings. The model is designed to be easily adaptable to a wide range of urban settings with adjustable parameters including building height, density, material thermal and radiative characteristics and vegetation fractions. We assess UCLEM's ability to predict energy consumption for a neighbourhood of Melbourne, Australia, forced by local flux tower observations and evaluated at half‐hourly intervals over 12 months. Results are presented in four development stages to assess various levels of physical and behavioural model complexity. We show that more complete physical representations can improve average daily energy consumption predictions; however, sub‐daily patterns of energy use are improved only by combining the physics‐based model with a statistical model of human behaviour. At the final stage, as well as predicting surface–atmosphere radiant and turbulent fluxes, UCLEM estimates neighbourhood energy demand with a normalised mean error of 11.5% and a computation time on a single processor of about 1 s per simulation year.
Guanidine‐sensing riboswitches: How do they work and what do they regulate?
Authors: Battaglia Robert A. , Ke Ailong
Published: April 2018

After remaining an orphan for over a decade, the ykkC riboswitch family (ykkC, mini‐ykkC, and ykkC‐III) was recently characterized as guanidine‐specific genetic regulatory elements (guanidine‐I, II, and III). They respond to increased levels of intracellular guanidine by turning on genes involved in guanidine export and breakdown. Their existence suggests that regulation of intracellular guanidine levels could be an important piece of bacterial physiology which was not appreciated previously. Structural biologists moved exceptionally fast to reveal the guanidine‐sensing mechanisms of these riboswitches at the atomic level. The crystal structures of all three guanidine family members have been determined. They appear to represent three independently evolved RNA sensors, with distinct tertiary folds but surprisingly similar guanidine‐binding cores. A few key questions remain to be addressed: It is not known which metabolic pathway(s) may lead to guanidine accumulation and the function of close relatives to the guanidine‐I riboswitch that do not respond to guanidine remains unclear. The continued characterization of these and other orphan cis‐regulatory elements represents an orthogonal approach to reveal new facets of bacterial physiology.

This article is categorized under:

Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Riboswitches

RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics, and Chemistry
Work Engagement, Burnout and Personal Accomplishments Among Social Workers: A Comparison Between Those Working in Children and Adults’ Services in England
Authors: Hussein Shereen
Published: April 2018

Social workers (SWs) provide emotional and practical support to vulnerable service users who are likely to suffer from emotional trauma and mental health conditions. Stress and burnout levels are reported to be high among SWs, however, little is known about their relationships with different characteristics. The current article utilises unique and large dataset (n = 3786) on SWs working in adults and children’s services to examine factors associated with burnout. Employing job-demand/resources model and structural equations modelling, we highlight the varying significant impact of work-engagement, administrative support and work experience as moderating factors to burnout across adult and children service specialism in this sample.
Selectins modify dendritic cells during atherosclerosis
Authors: Ye Zhi‐Shuai , Huang Rong‐Chong
Published: April 2018

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen‐presenting cells (APC) that facilitate the development and progression of atherosclerosis. However, DCs also function as novel “switches” between immune activation and immune tolerance and represent a heterogeneous hematopoietic lineage, with cell subsets in different tissues that show a differential morphology, phenotype, and function. Regulatory DCs, depending on their immature state, can be induced by immunosuppressive modulation, which plays an important part in the maintenance of immunologic tolerance via suppression of the immune response. In this review, we describe the current understanding of the generation of regulatory DCs. The novel role of selectins in the modification of DCs in atherosclerosis is also discussed.
Staging of amyloid β, t‐tau, regional atrophy rates, and cognitive change in a nondemented cohort: Results of serial mediation analyses
Authors: Fletcher Evan , Filshtein Teresa Jenica , Harvey Danielle , Renaud Alice , Mungas Dan , DeCarli Charles ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2018

Introduction

Current models posit a sequence of amyloid β (Aβ), tau, atrophy, and cognitive change leading to Alzheimer's disease, but ambiguities remain. We examined these sequences via serial mediations.

Methods

We studied normal controls, early mild cognitive impairment, and late mild cognitive impairment individuals from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2 database for the mediation of baseline cerebrospinal fluid Aβ effects on 2‐year cognitive change via regional longitudinal atrophy rate (AR) alone or AR and tau.

Results

In normal controls, Aβ correlated directly with regional ARs and memory loss, with no mediations. In early mild cognitive impairment, tau and lateral temporal ARs serially mediated the influence of Aβ on memory while Aβ affected memory via hippocampal AR. Late mild cognitive impairment consistently showed serial mediations of tau followed by atrophy. However, Aβ effects on memory also continued to be specifically mediated by medial temporal ARs without intermediate tau.

Discussion

Biomarker sequences vary by region and disease state, suggesting the need to refine current cascade models.
Transforming Consumers into Brands: Tracing Transformation Processes of the Practice of Blogging
Authors: Erz Antonia , Heeris Christensen Anna-Bertha
Published: April 2018

The goal of this research is to explore the transformational power of a new consumption and production practice, the practice of blogging, to understand its impact on consumers’ identity transformations beyond their self-concept as consumers and on the blogosphere as an organizational field. Through an exploratory study of over 12,000 blog posts from five fashion bloggers, complemented by in-depth interviews, we trace the transformation of consumer bloggers. We identify and describe three identity phases, the individual consumer, collective blogger and blogger identity phase, and two important turning points. Our findings show that through a continuous process of identity negotiation, adaptation, and re-interpretation with multiple stakeholders, these bloggers transform into human brands. In turn, these individual transformation processes reciprocally influence the emergence of blogging as a professional practice and of the blogosphere as a new organizational field. These findings contribute to a theoretical understanding of consumer transformation processes in a new field, where consumers can leave their role as consumers through continuously engaging in identity negotiation, adaptation and re-interpretation, creating alternative points of reference and validation in a new field that in turn continues to influence their brand identity. Furthermore, our findings contribute to an understanding of human brands from a brand-as-process perspective, and have implications for brands wishing to collaborate with these influential actors.
Battle of the Brand Fans: Impact of Brand Attack and Defense on Social Media
Authors: Ilhan Behice Ece , Kübler Raoul V. , Pauwels Koen H.
Published: April 2018

Fans of a brand attack fans of rival brands on social media. Given the nature of such rival brand fan attacks, managers are unsure about how much control they should exercise on brand-negative comments on their owned social media touchpoints, and what brand actions drive these Attack, Defense and Across (ADA) posts. Multimethod analysis identifies ADA's impact across industries of technology, fast food, toothpaste, beverages, and sports apparel. Sentiment analysis identifies that fans posting in both communities stimulate both brand-negative and brand-positive comments. Despite their relatively low prevalence (1–6% of all posts), ADA posts induce broader social-media brand engagement as they substantially increase and prolong the effects of managerial control variables such as communication campaigns and new-product introductions. Brand managers, thus, have specific levers to stimulate the positive consequences of rival brand fan posting on their owned media.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Pain in Keyboard Musicians: A Systematic Review
Authors: Amaral Corrêa Leticia , Teixeira dos Santos Luciano , Nogueira Paranhos Edmur Nelson , Minetti Albertini Alfredo Ignacio , do Carmo Silva Parreira Patrícia , Calazans Nogueira Leandro Alberto
Published: April 2018

Objective

To identify the prevalence and risk factors for musculoskeletal pain in keyboard musicians.

Design

Systematic review

Methods

A systematic review was conducted according to the MOOSE recommendations and it was registered with the PROSPERO database under registration number CRD42016042913. We included observational studies through the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Répertoire International de Littérature Musicale (RILM), Retrospective Index to Music Periodicals (RIPM), Scielo, and Google Scholar, with combinations of the keywords pianists, keyboard players, musculoskeletal pain, muscular disease, tendinitis, tendinopathy, observational, case‐control, prevalence, and risk factors. Data from population, information about pain, and risk factors were extracted from studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The methodological quality of the studies was classified through the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. The risk of bias and quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE system.

Results

Twelve articles (case‐controls) were included for the qualitative synthesis. The quality of the studies was classified as fair (n = 6) and good (n = 6). Prevalence was observed between 25.8% and 77.0% of musculoskeletal pain among keyboard musicians, with a higher prevalence in wrists and hands (13.8%‐65.8%), neck (9.8%‐64.2%), and shoulders (9.8%‐59.8%). The only consistent risk factor found in the 4 studies was being female, with OR ranging from 1.05‐1.90. Age greater than 18 years; weekly training more than 20 hours; training for more than 60 minutes without a rest break; not having a habit of practicing sports; and playing despite the pain were also described as risks factors for musculoskeletal pain. It was not possible to perform the meta‐analysis due to the heterogeneity of the studies.

Conclusion

Keyboard musicians presented a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, especially in the upper extremity regions of the body. Female, ageing, playing behaviors, and sedentary lifestyle showed an increased likelihood to report musculoskeletal pain.

Level of Evidence

II
The Possible Effect of Oxytocin in Postpartum Recovery From a Stroke: A Case Report
Authors: Seo Han Gil , Lee Hyun Haeng , Oh Byung‐Mo
Published: April 2018

Pregnancy is a risk factor for stroke in young women, but the effect of delivery on recovery and rehabilitation after stroke has not been elucidated in pregnant patients with stroke. This case report presents a pregnant patient with stroke who recovered successfully after cesarean delivery during rehabilitation. The possible effect of oxytocin is discussed as a factor promoting recovery from stroke.

Level of Evidence

V
Teaching Open Science: Published Data and Digital Literacy in Archaeology Classrooms
Authors: Cook Katherine , Çakirlar Canan , Goddard Timothy , DeMuth Robert Carl , Wells Joshua
Published: April 2018

Digital literacy has been cited as one of the primary challenges to ensuring data reuse and increasing the value placed on open science. Incorporating published data into classrooms and training is at the core of tackling this issue. This article presents case studies in teaching with different published data platforms, in three different countries (the Netherlands, Canada, and the United States), to students at different levels and with differing skill levels. In outlining their approaches, successes, and failures in teaching with open data, it is argued that collaboration with data publishers is critical to improving data reuse and education. Moreover, increased opportunities for digital skills training and scaffolding across program curriculum are necessary for managing the learning curve and teaching students the values of open science.
Wild Pedagogies: Six Initial Touchstones for Early Childhood Environmental Educators
Authors: Jickling Bob , Blenkinsop Sean , Morse Marcus , Jensen Aage
Published: April 2018

This article is a small piece of a much larger and still evolving project. Herein we focus on six touchstones for wild pedagogies. The article begins with a short orientation to the larger ideas behind the project and then focuses on exploring six current touchstones with a view towards early childhood environmental educators. The six explored here are: (1) agency and the role of nature as co-teacher; (2) wildness and challenging ideas of control; (3) complexity, the unknown, and spontaneity; (4) locating the wild; (5) time and practice; and (6) cultural change.
Effectiveness of Probiotic for Primary Prevention of Clostridium difficile Infection: A Single-Center Before-and-After Quality Improvement Intervention at a Tertiary-Care Medical Center
Authors: Trick William E. , Sokalski Stephen J. , Johnson Stuart , Bunnell Kristen L. , Levato Joseph , Ray Michael J. , Weinstein Robert A.
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate probiotics for the primary prevention of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) among hospital inpatients.

DESIGN

A before-and-after quality improvement intervention comparing 12-month baseline and intervention periods.

SETTING

A 694-bed teaching hospital.

INTERVENTION

We administered a multispecies probiotic comprising L. acidophilus (CL1285), L. casei (LBC80R), and L. rhamnosus (CLR2) to eligible antibiotic recipients within 12 hours of initial antibiotic receipt through 5 days after final dose. We excluded (1) all patients on neonatal, pediatric and oncology wards; (2) all individuals receiving perioperative prophylactic antibiotic recipients; (3) all those restricted from oral intake; and (4) those with pancreatitis, leukopenia, or posttransplant. We defined CDI by symptoms plus C. difficile toxin detection by polymerase chain reaction. Our primary outcome was hospital-onset CDI incidence on eligible hospital units, analyzed using segmented regression.

RESULTS

The study included 251 CDI episodes among 360,016 patient days during the baseline and intervention periods, and the incidence rate was 7.0 per 10,000 patient days. The incidence rate was similar during baseline and intervention periods (6.9 vs 7.0 per 10,000 patient days; P=.95). However, compared to the first 6 months of the intervention, we detected a significant decrease in CDI during the final 6 months (incidence rate ratio, 0.6; 95% confidence interval, 0.4–0.9; P=.009). Testing intensity remained stable between the baseline and intervention periods: 19% versus 20% of stools tested were C. difficile positive by PCR, respectively. From medical record reviews, only 26% of eligible patients received a probiotic per the protocol.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite poor adherence to the protocol, there was a reduction in the incidence of CDI during the intervention, which was delayed ~6 months after introducing probiotic for primary prevention.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;765–770