bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential Pulmonary Toxicity and Autoantibody Formation in Genetically Distinct Mouse Strains Following Combined Exposure to Silica and Diesel Exhaust Particles
Authors: Janssen Lisa MF , Lemaire Frauke , Marain Nora Fopke , Ronsmans Steven , Heylen Natasja , Vanstapel Arno , Velde Greetje Vande , Vanoirbeek Jeroen AJ , Pollard K Michael , Ghosh Manosij , Hoet Peter HM
Published: October 2023

BackgroundInhalation of airborne particulate matter, such as silica and diesel exhaust particles, poses serious long-term respiratory health risks. Silica exposure can lead to silicosis and systemic autoimmune diseases, while DEP exposure is linked to asthma and cancer. Combined exposure to silica and DEP, common in mining, may have more severe effects. This study investigates the separate and combined effects of silica and DEP on lung injury, inflammation, and autoantibody formation in two genetically distinct mouse strains, thereby aiming at understanding the interplay between genetic susceptibility, particulate exposure, and disease outcomes. Silica and diesel exhaust particles were administered to mice via oropharyngeal aspiration. Assessments of lung injury and host response included in vivo lung micro-computed tomography, lung function tests, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis including inflammatory cytokines and antinuclear antibodies, and histopathology with particle colocalization.ResultsSilica exposure elicited a well-established inflammatory response marked by inflammatory infiltrates, release of cytokines, and chemokines, alongside limited fibrosis, indicated by collagen deposition in the lungs of both C57BL/6J and NOD/ShilLtJ mice. Notably, these strains exhibited divergent responses in terms of respiratory function and lung volumes, as assessed through micro-computed tomography. Additionally, silica exposure induced airway hyperreactivity and elevated antinuclear antibody levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, particularly prominent in NOD/ShiLtJ mice. Lung tissue analysis revealed DEP loaded macrophages and co-localization of silica and DEP particles.ConclusionMouse strain variations exerted a substantial influence on the development of silica induced lung alterations. Furthermore, the additional impact of diesel exhaust particles on these silica-induced effects was minimal.
Diffusivity Along the Perivascular Space is Decreased and Related to Hypoperfusion in Adult Moyamoya disease
Authors: Hara Shoko , Kikuta Junko , Takabayashi Kaito , Kamagata Koji , Hayashi Shihori , Inaji Motoki , Tanaka Yoji , Hori Masaaki , Ishii Kenji , Nariai Tadashi , Taoka Toshiaki , Naganawa Shinji , Aoki Shigeki , Maehara Taketoshi
Published: October 2023

Background
Moyamoya disease is a rare cerebrovascular disease causing progressive arterial stenosis and hemodynamic disturbance. Decreased arterial input and cerebral perfusion pressure in this disease may disrupt glymphatic system activity, the waste clearance system of the brain that uses arterial input as a driving force.
Purpose
To evaluate the glymphatic system function of adult patients with moyamoya disease using diffusivity along the perivascular space measured with diffusion tensor imaging (ALPS index).
Materials and Methods
In this secondary analysis of a prospective observational study from 2015 to 2021 (UMIN000027949), 45 patients and 33 age-sex matched controls were evaluated with multishell diffusion MRI, and 23 patients were also evaluated with 15O-gas positron emission tomography (PET). All patients were also evaluated with cognitive tests. The ALPS index of each hemisphere was calculated from single shell data, and freewater maps was calculated from multishell diffusion data using neurite orientation and density imaging analysis. The ALPS index of the patients was compared with controls, as well as hemispheric values of freewater paremeters, perfusion parameters measured with PET, and scores of cognitive tests.
Results
Compared to controls, patients (38.4 (13.2) year-old, 35 females) showed lower ALPS index in the left and the right hemispheres (1.94 (0.27) vs. 1.65 (0.25) and 1.94 (0.22) vs. 1.65 (0.19), P < .001). The left ALPS index correlated with parenchymal freewater (ρ =-0.47, P < .001), perfusion measured with PET (cerebral blood flow, ρ = 0.70, P < .001; mean transit time, ρ =-0.60, P = .003; and oxygen extraction fraction, ρ =-0.52, P = .003), and cognitive tests (trail making test part B that measures executive function; ρ=-0.37, P = .01).
Conclusion
Patients with moyamoya disease has decreased diffusivity along the perivascular space. The glymphatic system dysfunction may exist, correlate with the degree of hemodynamic disturbance, lead to increased parenchymal free water, and relate to cognitive dysfunction in adult patients with moyamoya disease.
Establishment and Evaluation of a Rat Model of lipopolysaccharide-high-fat diet Induced Sarcopenia
Authors: Gao Yifang , Li Ming , Wang Yu , Chen Borui , Chen Shaoqing , Wang Shizhong , Lin Jianping
Published: October 2023

Objective
To establish and evaluate a rat sarcopenia model.
Methods
We divided 10-month-old male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats into adult control (AC) and lipopolysaccharide-high-fat diet (LPS-HFD) groups, in which LPS-HFD groups included a low-dose (150 µg/kg) lipopolysaccharide–high-fat diet (LD-LPS-HFD) and a high-dose (200 µg/kg) lipopolysaccharide–high-fat diet (HD-LPS-HFD) group. AC group rats were intraperitoneally injected with 0.9% physiological saline solution and fed ordinary feed; while LPS-HFD groups were intraperitoneally injected with LPS twice a week and had a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. Sarcopenia index (SI), relative grip strength, hematoxylin & eosin staining, Sirius red staining, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay verified sarcopenia.
Results
SI values decreased in LPS-HFD groups and the differences were more than twice the standard deviation of the AC group. Regard to relative grip strength, only the difference in HD-LPS-HFD group was more than twice the standard deviation of the AC group. Cross-sectional areas and fiber diameters of LPS-HFD groups decreased, but were lower in the HD-LPS-HFD group than the LD-LPS-HFD group. MuRF1, FbX32, and p53 in LPS-HFD groups, and p21, IL-6, and TNF-α in the HD-LPS-HFD group increased, but were higher in the HD-LPS-HFD group than the LD-LPS-HFD group.
Conclusion
Sarcopenia is induced by peritoneal injection of LPS (200 µg/kg) and a high-fat diet for 8 weeks in 10-month SD male rats. This model is suitable to study the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia and its molecular mechanisms.
Effects of Temperature and Relative Humidity on the Life Table of Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) on Cauliflower
Authors: SHIKHA DEEP
Published: October 2023

Pieris brassicae, the large cabbage white butterfly, has emerged as a serious pest of cauliflower in India, considering basic studies on its development and survival at different temperatures (17.5 ± 7.5, 20 ± 10, 22.5 ± 12.5, 25 ± 15, 27.5 ± 17.5, 30 ± 20 and 32.5 ± 22.5°C) at constant relative humidity (RH) of (65 ± 5%) level and photoperiod of 14:10 (Light: Dark) to ascertain optimal population growth during 2021 and 2022. A life table was constructed using temperature, humidity and photoperiod. The immature stages duration was 92.61 ± 0.99 days at 17.5 ± 7.5°C and 65 ± 5% RH, but shortened to 25.25 ± 0.35 days at 32.5 ± 22.5°C at same RH. Adult longevity of male and female was 12.30 ± 0.07 and 14.12 ± 0.04 days at 17.5 ± 7.5°C and 65% RH, but 4.44 ± 0.06 and 5.80 ± 0.05 days at 32.5 ± 22.5°C at the same RH. Fecundity was at its maximum (257.06 ± 1.46 eggs/female) at 32.5 ± 22.5°C and 65% RH, with lower fecundity at 17.5 ± 7.5°C. The net reproductive rate (Ro) and finite rate of increase (λ) were maximum 25.73 females/female/generation and 1.1184 fold per female per day, respectively at 32.5 ± 22.5°C and 65% RH suggesting that the population would increase more than 25.73 times per generation and 1.1184 times per female per day. The rates of increase at higher alternating temperatures were generally lower than at 17.5 ± 7.5°C. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was the highest (0.11195) at 32.5 ± 22.5°C. Our results suggest that 32.5 ± 22.5°C and 65% RH is the most favorable temperature and RH combination for the optimal population growth ofP. brassicae. Our study also predicts the expansion of this pest to other parts of the world in which the average temperature equals to 32.5 ± 22.5°C with 65% RH.
Identification of donors for fresh seed dormancy and marker validation in diverse groundnut mini-core collection
Authors: Bomireddy Deekshitha , Sharma Vinay , Senthil Ramachandran , Reddisekhar Mangala , Shah Priya , Singh Kuldeep , Reddy Devarapalli Mohan , Sudhakar Palagiri , Reddy Bommu Veera Bhaskara , Pandey Manish K.
Published: October 2023

Domestication and extensive selection in the development of modern high-yielding commercial groundnut cultivars resulted in the selection of an undesirable trait, in-situ germination also referred to as pre-harvest sprouting of seeds, particularly in regions where the humid weather coincides with the harvest season. Delayed harvesting and pre-sprouting could lead to production loss and predispose them to aflatoxin contamination hampering the kernel quality. Breeding early maturing cultivars with 2–3 weeks of fresh seed dormancy, particularly in Spanish type cultivars has become a primary objective. In this context, we evaluated a mini-core collection of groundnut, a major resource for genetic diversity, for fresh seed dormancy using in-vitro germination assay for two seasons viz., Rainy 2022 and Post-rainy 2022–2023 at ICRISAT (Hyderabad). Furthermore, we conducted molecular screening of the mini-core accessions and GMFSD1 marker effectively validated by differentiating dormant and non-dormant genotypes. Based on the phenotyping as well as the marker data, ICG 5827 (Virginia Runner), ICG 11457 (Virginia Runner), ICG 7000 (Virginia Bunch), ICG 11322 (Virginia Bunch) of sub spp. hypogaea var. hypogaea and ICG 9809 (Spanish Bunch) of sub spp. fastigiata var. vulgaris were identified to have fresh seed dormancy for 2–3 weeks. These accessions can serve as donors in breeding programs to meet the requirements of groundnut production in various cropping systems across different countries. The validated marker holds significant potential for facilitating faster breeding of cultivars with desired dormancy using marker-assisted selection. This research has implications for groundnut breeding programs and offers opportunities to mitigate pre-harvest sprouting, ensuring improved seed quality and productivity in groundnut producing regions.
Konzepte und Instrumente rationalen Staatshandelns
Authors: Meyer Christian
Published: October 2023

Ein demokratischer Rechtsstaat wie die Schweiz muss rational handeln und sich dabei auch wissenschaftlichen Wissens bedienen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt Konzepte und Instrumente vor, um diesen Anforderungen gerecht zu werden, und beleuchtet deren normative Verankerung. Anhand des Verhältnismässigkeitsprinzips wird die Bedeutung wissenschaftlicher Rationalität als Garantin rationalen Staatshandelns näher untersucht und gezeigt, dass die entsprechenden rechtlichen Strukturen teilweise nicht mehr adäquat sind.

--

Un État de droit démocratique comme la Suisse est tenu d'agir rationnellement et doit, à cette fin, tenir compte des connaissances scientifiques existantes. Cet article présente les concepts et les instruments permettant de répondre à ces exigences et met en évidence leur ancrage normatif. L'importance de la rationalité scientifique en tant que garante d'une l'action rationnelle de l'État est examinée à la lumière du principe de proportionnalité. Il est en outre démontré que les structures juridiques concernées sont en partie obsolètes.
Samuil Yurievich Kaganov (on the occasion of his 100th birthday anniversary)
Authors: Mizernitsky Yu. L. , Ryngachenko E. S.
Published: October 2023

.
A generational study on self-referential advertising: How it affects attitude toward brands
Authors: Venkatasubramany Iyer Kavitha , Mallika Mansuri
Published: October 2023

Self-referential, meta or self-aware advertising uses irony and cynicism to overtly critique and challenge conventional advertising strategies. While increasingly multiple brands are using self-referential advertising campaigns to implement innovative advertising strategies, a limited amount of research has been conducted on the effects of self-referential advertising on consumers’ evaluative responses. This study aimed to identify a link between self-referential ads and the consumers’ sense of self-presentation, mainly the conflict between the ideal self and the real self, and how this, in turn, affects their attitude toward the brand in the subject, further affecting purchase intention and brand perception. A quantitative structured study was conducted in a group of 326 18–35-year-old people, comprising Millennial and Generation Z consumers, using voluntary sampling through links to Google Forms distributed online on various platforms. Findings showed a significant positive correlation between self-referential ads, brand perception, and consumers’ brand attitude (r = 0.777, 0.712). Besides, in the mediation analysis, each of the four regression models establishes a correlation among the three variables. However, significance is not found in the mediating role of consumers’ real selves between self-referential advertising and brand attitude, though consumption patterns mediate consumer acceptance of self-referential advertising. The findings gave product/brand managers and marketing professionals a strategic direction on the importance of using self-referential forms of advertising in congruence with the product life cycle and brand positioning. It also helps to understand the importance of consumption patterns in creating advertising appeals.
Construction of an Emotional Image of a Person Based on the Analysis of Key Points in Consecutive Frames of a Video Sequence
Authors:   LLC ", Averianov Dmitry Dmitriyevich ,   Robert Bosch, Zheludev Mikhail Valerievich ,   LLC "Robert Bosch, Kiyaev Vladimir Ilyich ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2023

The work is devoted to the development of an algorithm for classifying human behavior in the context of detecting the truthfulness or falsity of statements presented in video file format. The analysis of the video file was carried out within the time window, in which both changes in the micromotility of the facial muscles and speech signs were analyzed. In our case, facial expressions are represented by a mathematical representation in the form of a vector containing the necessary digital information about the state of the face, which is characterized by the positions of special points (key points of the nose, eyebrows, eyes, eyelids, etc.). The mimic vector is formed as a result of training non-linear models. The speech characterizing vector is formed on the basis of the heuristic characteristics of the audio signal. The temporal aggregation of vectors for the final classification of behavior is performed by a separate neural network. The paper presents the results of the accuracy and speed of the algorithm, which show that the new approach is competitive with respect to existing methods.
University as a space for dialogue of religions: Debates about theology
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Bystrov Vladimir Yu. , Kamneva Lolita S. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2023

It should be noted that the experience of teaching theology in Western European countries has practically not been studied in modern Russia. The study of this experience is extremely necessary, as it allows you to borrow the best aspe cts of this experience (for example, the cooperative organization of cooperation between church and state in Germany) and not repeat erroneous decisions. Religious education in Western countries is currently facing a number of problems that are not yet known in Russia, but which are likely to await us in the near future. The concept of a postsecular society contains an effective substantiation of the need for theological education in modern Russia. The same concept convincingly shows that to the extent that a return to a secular society is impossible, a return to the dominant position of religious education in universities that was characteristic of the pre-secular era is also impossible. The wide and rather heated discussions characteristic of Russia today about the place of theology in university education can be considered fruitful only if the premise of these discussions is the conviction that we all exist in the new situation of a post-secular society, the main feature of which is inter-religious and interconfessional dialogue. Attempts to determine the place of theology in the system of sciences based on the ideas characteristic of a secular society should be considered deliberately unsuccessful.
The Enlightenment man’s project in the debates of liberalism and illiberalism
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Маrkov Вoris V. , Larionov Igor Yu. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2023

The main questions answered by the philosophy of the twentieth century concerned the relationship of biological, psychological and socio-cultural preconditions that determine the specifics of human consciousness and behavior. M. Sheler and G. Plesner, revealing the positionality of man, proved the priority of the spirit over the body. Heidegger also saw the specifics of man in distancing themselves from the environment, but doubted the ability of the transcendental subject to comprehend the present. By existential experience, he understood, first of all, the experience of horror from the emptiness of his own being. Theoretical cognition, whether in science or philosophy, highlights in reality what can be transformed and used to satisfy the desires of man that have formed within the framework of an industrial society based on techno-science. Therefore, the charge of the Enlightenment for the development of science as an ideology seems unjustified and unjust. The purpose of the article is to uncover the causes of the deformation of the Enlightenment project and to try to reveal on its basis the positive possibilities of scientific and social technologies of human formation.
Arthur Schopenhauer’s doctrine of free will
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vasilieva Marina Yu.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the consideration of the phenomenon of free will in the philosophical system of Arthur Schopenhauer, the identification of the lines of continuity of this problem and the discovery of new and specific features in the development by the German thinker of the question of free will, on the basis of the use of methods of historical and philosophical analysis and rational reconstruction. The article demonstrates Schopenhauer’s desire to avoid two opposite poles in the solution of the question of free will, one of which asserts the fact of the dominance of rigid necessity over the events of nature, and the other, on the contrary, deduces everything from a certain universal act of will. The third alternative proposed by Schopenhauer in continuation with the ideas of I. Kant’s transcendental idealism is analyzed in detail. The author focuses on the modifications Schopenhauer himself made to Kant’s concept of the co-existence of freedom and necessity. Schopenhauer’s attitude to the concept of fatalism is considered separately and his understanding of necessity as such is clarified. The main point of the first part is the statement that the world has not only an empirical side, reflecting the existence of phenomena in accordance with the law of sufficient reason in a certain time and space, but also an intelligible side, identical with the baseless will. In addition, the author emphasizes the importance of the premise of autocracy, independence as a basic characteristic of free will. In the second part of this article, the relation of the empirical and intelligible nature of the world in relation to the analysis of human behavior is revealed in more detail. The relationship between the original autonomy of the will, freedom and moral responsibility is clarified. The author reconstructs Schopenhauer’s arguments in the work “On the Freedom of the Will”. The fallacy of the empirical understanding of free will is revealed and the possibility of transcendental freedom is justified. The key thesis of the second part of the article is reduced to the statement that it is impossible to find true freedom in individual concrete actions of a person; that a person in her particular manifestations cannot choose to be this way or to be different.
To the anniversary year of L. Wittgenstein: The experience of the French national reception
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Kostikova Anna A.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the history of the reception of L. Wittgenstein’s philosophical ideas in the French-speaking philosophical tradition. The most important ideas of L. Wittgenstein are considered from the point of view of French-speaking philosophers and historians of philosophy. Reconstructions of different directions are compared. On a number of issues, the European, in particular the French-speaking, history of philosophy offers an interesting interpretation of certain aspects of L. Wittgenstein’s philosophy, reactualizes them. For example, Wittgenstein’s “linguistic turn” in philosophy is read as a turn to the discourse traditional for French-speaking philosophy, an appeal to detailed verbalized reasoning, culturally and historically defined communicative practice. And the European philosophers of the second half of the twentieth century, first of all, of course, M. Foucault, are the successors of Wittgenstein’s philosophy of language. In our opinion, it is in relation to the philosophical heritage that the specificity of national philosophical thought, the peculiarities of reception and interpretation are manifested. French philosophy, which opens with Descartes’ “Discourse of the Method”, forms a special attitude to the language of philosophy, the process of reasoning in general and philosophizing in particular, its argumentative grounds and procedures. In general, the presented historical and philosophical picture is characterized by an interest in topics specific to national philosophy — political engagement, a claim to universality, attention to the process of persuasion and the unfolding of thought. At the same time, we clearly see the tendency of the entire analytical tradition, at the origins of which L. Wittgenstein stood, to turn today to these topics that were not considered the main ones for a long time.
J. Butler and P. Strawson on resentment
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Loginov Evgeny V.
Published: October 2023

Resentment is one of the most important morally significant phenomena. It is therefore not surprising that it has attracted much attention from moral philosophers. This paper explores two approaches to the philosophical conception of resentment. The first was developed in Early Modern by Joseph Butler. The second was proposed in the mid-twentieth century by P. Strawson. Butler offered his ideas about the nature of resentment within the framework of preaching, which, however, does not mean that the theological context of his argumentation subordinates its philosophical content. Butler’s theory is closely related to his ideas about human nature as something holistic: we need resentment to balance another moral emotion, compassion. Butler also distinguished two kinds of resentment: sudden and deliberate. Strawson, for his part, presented his views on the nature of resentment in an academic lecture, which was then published as an article. His reasoning concerns the relation between freedom, moral reactions, and determinism. Strawson attempts to show that our conception of freedom is closely tied to practices of moral responsibility, the existence of which has nothing to do with determinism. A key point of his argument is the claim that we should stop over-intellectualizing moral experience. If we abandon the intellectualist illusion, we will see in the factuality of moral practices something more than mere factuality. Everything that is necessary for morality is already there, in moral practice itself: desert, resentment, justice, etc. If one realizes this fact, the problem of free will is solved. I conclude this paper by comparing Butler’s and Strawson’s approaches.
Еruption from the spiritual rank. To the 80th anniversary of Yu. N. Solonin
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Sokolov Evgeniy G.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the issues of the relationship between philosophy and power, the philosopher’s ascent to power. Although sufficient attention has been paid to the problems of state structure in classical philosophical systems since antiquity, and at the end of the 19th century an independent field — the philosophy of politics-was formed, precedents when philosophers took a direct part in the development and implementation of socio-political programs are extremely rare and unsuccessful. The cases of Plato and the Syracuse tyrant Dionysius, the activities of Confucius as a major state official, the French enlighteners and Catherine the Great, D. de Tracy and Napoleon I, M. Heidegger and the Third Reich, etc. this is perfectly demonstrated. Meanwhile, the focus on practice, on the purposeful introduction of ideas into existential and everyday experiences of life, including state-political, is as immanent to philosophy as pure speculation. Yu. N. Solonin is an example of such a practical philosopher, a state builder. Exploring philosophical problems in his philosophical theoretical works, successfully leading the Faculty of Philosophy of St Petersburg State University for almost a quarter of a century, he also took an active part in the political life of both St Petersburg and the whole country. The post of senator in the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, work in various committees and commissions, where they were conceptually articulated and received their strategic expression, which was then fixed in the laws adopted by the parliament, provided an opportunity to influence the development of the state, as well as to clearly verify the fairness or error of their purely intellectual conclusions. Therefore, the experience of combining the individual, concrete-activity and speculative-contemplative aspects of the existence of the producer of philosophical concepts (i. e. a philosopher), as well as how one affects the other, can also be understood within the framework of the general history of the evolution of philosophical thought as such.
Philosophy as an imaginary mountain ascent
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Pertsev Aleksandr V.
Published: October 2023

In connection with the discussion initiated in Russia by Professor N. S. Kirabaev about the role of philosophy as a worldview and its significance for education, the author of the article proposes to consider philosophy as a worldview in the light of modernity. It comes from philological roots, which interpret “worldview” as an expression of a view of the world from outside and from above. Analyzing today’s worldview processes in Western society, the author points to a turn in which broadcasting on behalf of the Present is replaced by something else, fundamentally different. In the 17th –19th centuries, Western philosophy firmly put forward a reliable idea of the Present and, on this basis, expressed reliable judgments about the Future of mankind. At the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries, contempt for the Present and confusion before the Future are imposed on Western society. This can be overcome only by returning to the Past, however, in such a way that this return turns into, as it were, a second beginning. The first beginning led to a dead end, because it was based solely on technical ideas. But it is precisely the Middle Ages, with its reliable moral guidelines, that is called upon to take over — as the theology of modernity — in the place of a rational interpretation of the world. The article deals with the ideas of Bede the Venerable, the theological ideas of Francesco Petrarca, Dante Alighieri — in the interpretation of G. Lebon, M. Heidegger, R. Guardini, P. Sloterdijk.
The premises of the discussions of worldview in German- and Russian-language philosophy at the edge of 19th–20th centuries
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Lvov Alexander A.
Published: October 2023

The problem of worldview arises at the intersection of the anthropological and aesthetic fields of philosophical research. The first step was made by I. Kant, who substantiated “anthropological dimension” of philosophy and was the first to introduce the concept of Weltanschauung into philosophical usage. The concept of worldview acquires a truly philosophical meaning at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, mainly in the works of German and Russian authors, who for the first time began to develop the philosophy of the worldview itself, as well as to propose a project of the “doctrine of the worldview” (Weltanschauungslehre). What can be the reason for the demand for this concept in the German and Russian-speaking philosophical cultures? The paper discerns and discusses the following five historical-philosophical circumstances that influenced the vehement discussion of the problem of worldview and the proposals of various projects of the “doctrines of worldview” at the turn of the 19th and early 20th centuries. These circumstances are: the crisis of the speculative philosophy of German idealism and the desire to systematize knowledge in academic philosophy; axiological investigations in non-classical philosophy; World War I, which was perceived as a phenomenon of a “cleansing” world war that destroyed the old world; massification of society and technologization of public life; unorthodox religious-philosophical searches, typical for German philosophical anthropology and the Russian religious renaissance. Conceptual analysis allows us to hold that worldview discussions come to the foreground when the former world has become meaningless, has ceased to exist in recognizable forms, and the new one has not yet been shaped. Through the development of “nonscientific philosophy”, representatives of the German and Russian-speaking traditions sought to transform the world in which they happened to be, offering original worldview projects for its grasp and retention. The problem of worldview, thus, turns out to be in demand in regards with the substantiation of the ontology of the human, which turns into the need to interpret the classical ancient principle of care of the self.
Historical and philosophical grotesque/nonsense: Scientific Communism
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Sokolov Evgenie G.
Published: October 2023

The article demonstrates how Scientific Communism, an ideological construct of the last three decades of the Soviet period of national history, can be interpreted from philosophical positions. The historical and philosophical concept of G. W. F. Hegel is taken as the starting point of the study, on the basis of which a scientific and academic version of the historical evolution of philosophical thought was formed, which has a paradigmatic status in the historical and philosophical discourse. However, later on, the tendency to expand the horizons of philosophical competence began to manifest itself clearly by including systems that, according to formal and substantive characteristics, do not meet Hegelian disciplinary criteria, and therefore can be qualified as marginal. This will allow us to assert that the historical evolution of philosophical thought is diverse in essence and cannot be theoretically monological, because it includes various forms of philosophizing, as well as discursivethematic contents. Scientific Communism is precisely such a marginal zone, whose philosophical potential can be fully manifested only when the perspective of research interpretation is shifted. The dominant attitude among researchers of humanities to ideology, a characteristic example of which is Scientific Communism, is based on the opinion of K. Marx, who considered it, ideology, an illusory and perverse form of reflection of the world, distorting reality. However, if we follow the installation of D. de Tracy, thanks to which ideology was articulated as an autonomous and socially significant cognitive practice, then the real task of ideology is precisely to form a worldview adequate to reality. Of course, ideology, according to D. de Tracy, will gain a positive effect, as well as philosophical and conceptual persuasiveness, only when mastering the entire complex of paideutical disciplines, such as Grammar, Logic and Ethics. In the case of Scientific Communism, such complexes accompanying and legitimizing each other were dialectical and historical materialism, political economy and the history of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The article is written in memory of Akat Kalistratovich Belykh, Doctor of Philosophy, the first and only head of the Department of Scientific Communism (1962–1992) of the Faculty of Philosophy of the Leningrad Order of Lenin and the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the A. A. Zhdanov State University.
User perceptions and acceptance of treated greywater reuse in low-income communities: a narrative review
Authors: Madzaramba Tendai Hardwork , Zanamwe Pesanai
Published: October 2023

This research output established that a significant proportion of the global population lives in low-income communities mostly in the Global South. These communities face severe water scarcity and persistent sanitation challenges. It emerged that greywater reuse has the potential to improve the access to sufficient clean water in low-income communities. The study sought to ascertain user perceptions and acceptance of treated greywater reuse in low-income communities. To anchor this research, a comprehensive consultation of literature was done, and key sources of data were drawn from various secondary sources of data such as bibliographic databases. This was followed by the snowballing of obtained papers. The research employed a narrative review approach in methodology. The findings of this study indicate that people living in low-income communities have a positive perception regarding reusing treated greywater. Furthermore, it was established that the majority of persons living in low-income communities accept reuse for non-potable purposes including vegetable irrigation, laundry, toilet flushing, and car washing.
Single-wavelength colorimetric tests for low-cost estimation of bacterial activity, chemical oxygen demand, and turbidity in domestic wastewater
Authors: Mahapatra Sahashransu Satyajeet , Vishwanathan Amoor S.
Published: October 2023

Monitoring the characteristics of wastewater can enable a better choice of the options available for its treatment and also provide a rational basis for the surveillance of the spread of waterborne diseases. Our work focused on bringing down the costs associated with the estimation of the biological and physico-chemical parameters of wastewater at a common wavelength of 600 nm. We demonstrated the advantages of using the Dye Reduction-based Electron-transfer Activity Monitoring (DREAM) assay to estimate bacterial activity as an alternative to the bacterial colony count method. This assay relies on the colorimetric measurement of the extent of reduction of methylene blue in response to bacterial electron transfer. We also present the results of estimating COD and turbidity, using the standard methods of wastewater analysis, at the same wavelength of 600 nm using samples having known values of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity. Our results open up the possibility of replacing expensive spectrophotometers with LED-based, microcontroller enabled colorimeters that can be easily automated. The results of our study set the stage for the establishment of a greater number of wastewater analysis laboratories in economically backward regions which can in turn support measures to improve sanitation facilities.
Круг общения студентов ограничивается одногруппниками: анализ ситуации с помощью смысловых конструктов и диспозиций
Authors: Смирнова Нина В. , Лесникова Виктория Л.
Published: October 2023

Введение. В данной работе рассматривается уровень общения студентов со своими одногруппниками, однокурсниками, студентами других направлений и факультетов. На практике зачастую отмечается тенденция студентов ограничиваться общением только с одногруппниками. C чем связана такая ограниченность, каково отношение студентов к студентам из параллельных групп, других специальностей и факультетов? Целью нашего исследования является рассмотрение смысловых конструктов и смысловых диспозиций студентов в сфере их общения между собой. Методы. В качестве инструмента исследования использовался анализ смысловых конструктов и диспозиций студентов. В рамках исследования было опрошено 118 студентов факультета психологии Южного федерального университета в возрасте от 18 до 24 лет. Применялись такие методики, как: авторская анкета-опросник, включающая в себя 4 вопроса на выявление смысловых конструктов и 4 вопроса на выявление смысловых диспозиций студентов относительно их общения с другими студентами, методика В. Ф. Ряховского «Оценка уровня общительности», методика В. А. Федоришина «Коммуникативные и организаторские склонности (КОС)». Результаты. Авторская анкета-опросник выявила, что количество положительно направленных конструктов и диспозиций в отношении общения с одногруппниками у студентов намного превышает это количество в отношении общения с другими студентами. При этом в группе респондентов с положительно направленными конструктами уровень коммуникативных (p = 0,01) и организаторских (p = 0,03) склонностей в среднем выше, чем у группы респондентов с отрицательно направленными конструктами. Обсуждение результатов. Полученные данные согласуются с мнением авторов, изучавших общение студентов в университете, и, в частности, общение студентов между собой. Можно сказать, что наблюдается замкнутый круг: чем меньше студенты общаются между собой, тем меньше они знают друг о друге, тем меньше у них представлений о полезности друг друга, вследствие этого у них меньше развиваются коммуникативные навыки в университете и они замыкаются на общении со студентами своей группы.
Проявление академического стресса у студентов: теоретические аспекты исследования
Authors: Сёмина Марина В. , Фёдорова Елена П.
Published: October 2023

В статье представлен теоретический анализ зарубежных и отечественных исследований психологического феномена стресса. С опорой на классическую теорию стресса, культурно- исторический и деятельностный подходы к пониманию природы стресса, авторы резюмируют результаты изучения стресса и стрессоустойчивости, показывается современное состояние проблемы стресса и возможности исследования академического стресса с опорой на методологическую традицию отечественной науки. Раскрывается понятие академического стресса, указываются детерминанты его формирования у обучающихся в образовательной среде вуза. Новизна и оригинальность  авторского замысла состоит в предложении понимания и раскрытия  сущности академического стресса с позиции идей самоорганизации, актуализации задач высшей школы в направлении психологической профилактики : с одной стороны – формирование у студента стратегий совладающего поведения, жизнестойкой, стрессоустойчивости  в условиях высоких требований качества обучения, с другой стороны – осознание  обучающимися периодов стрессового напряжения во взаимосвязи с кризисными ситуациями, переживаемыми личностью и на этой основе активизация функции психологической поддержки обучающихся в освоении учебно-профессиональной деятельности как ведущей в юношеском возрасте. Предпринимается попытка обобщить ключевые признаки проявления академического стресса у студентов вузов с учетом их индивидуальных психологических особенностей: академический стресс характеризуется как негативное психическое состояние обучающегося (в ситуациях переживания давления или угрозы извне), при котором субъективно трудно или невозможно эффективно осуществлять учебно-профессиональную деятельность. В условиях длительного и интенсивного эмоционального напряжения, вызванного стресс-фактором, жизненная ситуация не осознается личностью как управляемая, при этом возможна потеря способности к самоконтролю состояния, ухудшение показателей жизнедеятельности. Актуализируется необходимость психологической профилактики в вузе, оказание консультативной помощи студентам, переживающим академический стресс, в целях осознания собственное состояние здоровья и выработки адекватных стратегий совладающего поведения.
Procedural (Conscious) Sedation and Analgesia in Emergency Setting: How to
Choose Agents?
Authors: Ayan Mustafa , Ozsoy Orhan , Ozbay Sedat , Akman Canan , Suzer Neslihan Ergun , Karcioglu Ozgur
Published: October 2023

Pain has long been defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience originating from any
region of the body in the presence or absence of tissue injury. Physicians involved in acute medicine commonly
undertake a variety of invasive and painful procedures that prompt procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA),
which is a condition sparing the protective airway reflexes while depressing the patient’s awareness of external
stimuli. This state is achieved following obtaining the patient’s informed consent, necessary point-ofcare
monitoring, and complete recording of the procedures. The most commonly employed combination for
PSA mostly comprises short-acting benzodiazepine (midazolam) and a potent opioid, such as fentanyl. The
biggest advantage of opioids is that despite all the powerful effects, upper airway reflexes are preserved and often
do not require intervention. Choices of analgesic and sedative agents should be strictly individualized and
determined for the specific condition. The objective of this review article was to underline the characteristics,
effectiveness, adverse effects, and pitfalls of the relevant drugs employed in adults to facilitate PSA in emergency
procedures.
Current Pharmaceutical Research on the Significant Pharmacophore
Mannich bases in Drug Design
Authors: Yamali Cem , Gul Mustafa , Gul Halise Inci
Published: October 2023

A multitude of distinct Mannich bases have been synthesized and evaluated as potential
therapeutics for a wide variety of diseases and medical conditions, either in the form of prodrugs
or as molecules that trigger a biological response from specific targets. The Mannich reaction has
been utilized to enhance the biological activity of numerous compounds, resulting in notable
progress in various areas such as anticonvulsant, antimalarial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative,
antibacterial, antimicrobial, antitubercular, antiprotozoal, topoisomerases I and II
inhibition, α-glucosidase inhibition, carbonic anhydrase inhibition, as well as research related to
anti-Alzheimer's disease and anti-Parkinson's disease. Bioactive semisynthetic Mannich bases derived
from natural compounds such as chalcone, curcumin, and thymol have also been identified.

:

Pharmaceutical compounds characterized by low solubility may encounter challenges related to
their oral bioavailability, half-life, distribution within tissues, rapid metabolism, toxicity, and various
other relevant variables. Mannich bases have the ability to undergo protonation under physiological
circumstances, facilitating interactions between ligands and receptors, and enhancing their
solubility in water. The experimental findings indicate that the solubility of Mannich base prodrugs
is higher compared to that of the parent compound. The use of the multicomponent Mannich
reaction has been established as a valuable synthetic methodology for the construction of multifunctional
compounds through the application of diverse synthetic strategies under varying reaction
conditions. The continuous investigation of synthetic techniques for Mannich reactions involves
several approaches, such as employing protocols in aquatic environments, utilizing catalysts
that are both biodegradable and reusable, exploring the use of ionic liquids, investigating
solvent-free and/or catalyst-free media, and exploring reaction conditions involving microwave
and ultrasound irradiation.

:

Consequently, the Mannich reaction has emerged as a powerful technique in the field of medicinal
chemistry. It is utilized for the creation of new chemical compounds that possess diverse and attractive
biologic features. Additionally, this reaction is employed to alter the physicochemical
properties of a potential drug candidate, thereby influencing its bioavailability, efficacy, and pharmacological
activity. Due to their favorable bioactivities and synthesis techniques, Mannich bases
remain a subject of ongoing attention in the field of medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry.
Diversities in Leigh Syndrome Associated with MT-ATP6 Gene Variants
Authors: Martins Sara , Santos Maria João , Simões Marta , Jacinto Sandra , Martins Halpern Cristina , Dupont Juliette , Diogo Luísa , Grazina Manuela
Published: October 2023

Introduction::

Leigh syndrome (LS) is clinically and genetically heterogeneous and
presents defective mitochondrial bioenergetics. Patients present neurological symptoms and
imagiological features that may result in early death [1]. The LS has been associated with mitochondrial
DNA (mtDNA) variants, e.g., m.8993T>G (L156R) and m.8993T>C (L156P), in the
MT-ATP6 gene. They lead to the substitution of a highly conserved amino acid in subunit 6 of
ATP synthase, affecting the F0 domain and ATP synthesis [1-3]. We present five cases with
m.8993T>G and a family harbouring m.8993T>C+m.1555A>G (proband and four relatives).

Methods::

Our laboratory received 48 samples from LS-suspected patients. The samples (various
tissues) were assessed for bioenergetics (activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC)
complexes, ubiquinone content) and genetic analyses (mtDNA copy number, Sequencing and
PCR-RFLP) by established protocols.

Results/Case Report::

Bioenergetics were assessed in 5 patients (various tissues) with varying
levels of MRC/ATP synthase impairment. Six cases had a mtDNA pathogenic variant in the
8993 nucleotide associated with LS. Five cases presented the m.8993T>G variant, one of which
(P5) possibly de novo. This variant was homoplasmy (P1-3) or very high heteroplasmy (P4/5,
90-95%). Of the four patients with bioenergetics assessment, three (P1/3/4) had deficiencies of
MRC complexes, and P5 had small deficits. The other case (familial, proband and 4 relatives)
presented a combination of m.1555A>G (homoplasmy) and m.8993T>C (heteroplasmy) variants.
The proband presents m.8993T>C in 95% heteroplasmy and 85-35% in three relatives. All
have m.1555A>G in homoplasmy, including the fourth relative without m.8993T>C. A deficiency
(31%) was found in complex V activity in muscle for proband.

Conclusion::

We present a case series of patients harbouring pathogenic variants in the 8993
nucleotide of mtDNA, which have been associated with LS and impairment of MRC's complex
V. These cases highlight the variability in clinical symptoms and their severity, as well as genetic
heterogeneity within LS. Many patients will not present a classic pathogenic variant and there
are many cases of asymptomatic relatives (carriers). It is important to get a broader view of the
cases - classical methods and multiple tissue analysis are still valuable tools for the comprehensive
characterization of patients.