bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A crowdsourced dynamic repositioning strategy for public bike sharing systems
Authors: Wang I-Lin , Hou Chen-Tai
Published: November 2021

Public bike sharing systems have become the most popular shared economy application in transportation. The convenience of this system depends on the availability of bikes and empty racks. One of the major challenges in operating a bike sharing system is the repositioning of bikes between rental sites to maintain sufficient bike inventory in each station at all times. Most systems hire trucks to conduct dynamic repositioning of bikes among rental sites. We have analyzed a commonly used repositioning scheme and have demonstrated its ineffectiveness. To realize a higher quality of service, we proposed a crowdsourced dynamic repositioning strategy: first, we analyzed the historical rental data via the random forest algorithm and identified important factors for demand forecasting. Second, considering 30-minute periods, we calculated the optimal bike inventory via integer programming for each rental site in each time period with a sufficient crowd for repositioning bikes. Then, we proposed a minimum cost network flow model in a time-space network for calculating the optimal voluntary rider flows for each period based on the current bike inventory, which is adjusted according to the forecasted demands. The results of computational experiments on real-world data demonstrate that our crowdsourced repositioning strategy may reduce unmet rental demands by more than 30% during rush hours compared to conventional trucks.
Weak convergence theorems for symmetric generalized hybrid mappings and equilibrium problems
Authors: Kim Do Sang , Hai Nguyen Ngoc , Dinh Bui Van
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we introduce three new iterative methods for finding a common point of the set of fixed points of a symmetric generalized hybrid mapping and the set of solutions of an equilibrium problem in a real Hilbert space. Each method can be considered as an combination of Ishikawa's process with the proximal point algorithm, the extragradient algorithm with or without linesearch. Under certain conditions on parameters, the iteration sequences generated by the proposed methods are proved to be weakly convergent to a solution of the problem. These results extend the previous results given in the literature. A numerical example is also provided to illustrate the proposed algorithms.
Integration of IoT, Data Analytics and Mobile Application towards Digitisation Facilities Management: A Case Study
Authors: Ali Irwan Mohammad , Mohd Nawi Mohd Nasrun , Hamid Md Yusof , A Jalil Fazly Izwan , Hussain Baharinshah
Published: November 2021

Facilities Management (FM) industry players must be mindful of the current economic digitisation. It aims to empower the community and industry players with digital skills and digital-based businesses. Positively, this also will benefit FM industry players. Therefore, many FM organisations are starting to take advantage on IoT, big data analytics and mobile phone application in their activities. This paper utilised a literature review to discover the application of IoT, big data analytics and mobile application in FM processes. Then, a case study on Al Nabooda Chulia Facilities Management Co LLC (AN.C) success story as the recipient of Urbanise Smart City Pioneer Award 2017 were cross-examined on the tools they use in digitisation FM. The novelty from the integration of IoT, big data analytics and mobile phone application towards digitisation FM has significantly reducing management costs and improving facilities performance and service quality. The paper highlight an example of digitisation of FM activities that successfully optimising and innovating the current FM practices with the paradigm shift from cost management towards value creation in the future.
Forest Optimization-Based Test Case Generation for Multiple Paths With Metamorphic Relations
Authors: Sahoo Rashmi Rekha , Ray Mitrabinda
Published: November 2021

In general multiple paths are covered by multiple runs which is a time consuming task. Now a days, metaheuristic techniques are widely used for path coverage. In order to reduce the time, an efficient method is proposed based on Forest Optimization Algorithm (FOA) with Metamorphic Relations (MRs) that cover multiple paths at a time in one run unlike the traditional search based testing. In the proposed approach, initial test case is generated using FOA, the successive test cases are generated using MRs without undergoing several runs. The motive of using FOA is that the searching mechanism of this algorithm having resemblance with the branch / path coverage techniques of testing. To the best of our knowledge, FOA has not been implemented in software testing. The experimental results are compared with three existing work. The efficiency of simply FOA is also shown how it able to cover multiple paths. The results show that FOA with MRs is more efficient in terms of time consumption and number of paths covered.
A Deadline-Constrained Time-Cost-Effective Salp Swarm Algorithm for Resource Optimization in Cloud Computing
Authors: Jain Richa , Sharma Neelam
Published: November 2021

Nowadays, Cloud Computing has become the most attractive platform, which provides anything as a Service (XaaS). Many applications may be developed and run on the cloud without worrying about platforms. It is a big challenge to allocate optimal resources to these applications and satisfy user's quality of service requirements. Here, in this paper, a Deadline Constrained Time-Cost effective Salp Swarm Algorithm (DTC-SSA) is proposed to achieve optimized resource allocation. DTC-SSA assigns the user's task to an appropriate virtual machine (Vm) and achieves a trade-off between cost and makespan while satisfying the deadline constraints. Rigorous examination of the algorithm is conducted on the various scale and cloud resources. The proposed algorithm is compared with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Grey Wolf Optimizer(GWO), Bat Algorithm(BAT), and Genetic Algorithm(GA). Simulation results prove that it outperforms others by minimizing makespan, execution cost, Response time, and improving resource utilization throughput.
Dynamic Combined Economic Emission Dispatch Including Wind Generators by Real Coded Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Kumari Madhumita , Pal Kirti
Published: November 2021

With the growing environmental depletion, the shift in the focus towards minimizing the emissions of gases released in the conventional generators and further incorporation of a cleaner alternate renewable source of energy such as wind or solar to the existing system is of utmost importance. The research paper aims to build an environmentally resilient electric power system. Real coded genetic algorithm- powerful optimization technique is employed to solve the dynamic combined economic emission dispatch i.e. DCEED strategy for two proposed algorithm. The first proposed DCEED algorithm includes fuel cost of only conventional generators while in the second algorithm along with conventional generators, wind powered generators with varying power output characteristic is added. A comparative analysis of both the algorithms in terms of total combined cost, emission level and fuel cost is taken into account and it is observed that in spite of wind uncertainty the proposed method is more economical.
A Novel Fuzzy Logic-Based Improved Cuckoo Search Algorithm
Authors: Dhal Krishna Gopal , Das Arunita , Gálvez Jorge
Published: November 2021

Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm is a nature-inspired optimization algorithm (NIOA) with less control parameters that is stable, versatile, and easy to implement. CS has good global search capabilities, but it is prone to local optima problems. As a result, it may be possible to improve the classic CS algorithm's optimization capability. Centered on fuzzy set theory, this paper introduces an improved CS version. The population of solutions has been divided into two fuzzy sets, and each solution is assigned to one of the sets based on its fitness. The fuzzy collection centroids, global best solution advice, and Lévy distribution dependent mutation are all used to boost the population's solutions. With well-accepted objective functions such as Otsu inter class variance and Kapur's entropy, the experimental analysis has been conducted on the CEC-2014 test suite and image multi-level thresholding domain. The proposed fuzzy cuckoo search (FCS) algorithm is compared to the classical CS, PSO, FA, SMA, and BA algorithm and provides satisfactory results.
Innovations in Internet of Medical Things, Artificial Intelligence, and Readiness of the Healthcare Sector Towards Health 4.0 Adoption
Authors: Swain Suchismita , Muduli Kamalakanta , Kommula Venkata Parsuram , Sahoo Kalyan Kumar
Published: November 2021

Recent years witnessed lots of advancements in Internet of Medical Things, Innovations in Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Analytics based health care practices. Further, recent pandemic has compelled health care institutions to adopt remote patient care practices throughout the world and India is not an exception. Growth in mobile infrastructure and cheap mobile data packages also encouraged adoption of telemedicine and m-health care practices in India which eventually supports attempts of health care policy makers for transition of traditional health care systems to Health 4.0 in the lines of industry4.0. However, success of Health 4.0 depends upon the coordinated efforts from all the stakeholders. In this regard this research has been conducted to investigate the current status of Health 4.0 implementation in India and readiness of Indian health care sector towards its adoption. This paper further employs the SWOT-AHP analysis to identify the current areas that need immediate improvement to facilitate Health 4.0 adoption.
Effects of different fresh gas flows and different anesthetics on airway temperature and humidity in surgical patients
Authors: Ozcan Irem Gumus , Onal Ozkan , Ozdemirkan Aysun , Saltalı Ali , Sarı Mehmet
Published: November 2021

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of different fresh gas (oxygen + air) flow rates and different anesthetics on airway temperature and humidity when using the same anesthesia machine in patients undergoing general anesthesia. In this prospective, observational study, 240 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I–II between the age of 18–65 years to be operated under general anesthesia were enrolled and divided into two groups according to the fresh gas flow rate (3–6 L/min). Each of the two main groups was further divided into three subgroups according to the administered anesthetic gases and drugs. The resulting six groups were further divided into two subgroups according to whether the heat and humidity exchanger filter (HME) was attached to the breathing circuit, and the study was carried out on a total of 12 groups. The temperature and humidity of the inspired air were recorded every 10 minutes using an electronic thermo-hygrometer. The inspired temperature and humidity were greater in patients ventilated at 3 L/min compared to the 6 L/min group and in HME (+) patients compared to HME (–), regardless of the type of anesthetics. HME application makes the air more physiological for the respiratory tract by increasing the temperature and humidity of the air regardless of the anesthetic agent. This study was approved by Ethics Committee Review of Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine (No. 2017/261) in September 2017, and was registered in the Clinical Trial Registry (identifier No. NCT04204746) on December 19, 2019.
Evaluation of maternal risk factors for preterm delivery in Fatemieh Hospital of Hamadan, Iran, 2019
Authors: Ghelichkhani Samereh , Masoumi Seyedeh Zahra , Shirzadeh Azam Ali , Khazaei Salman , Shahbazi Fatemeh
Published: November 2021

Background:

The present study aimed to evaluate maternal risk factors of preterm delivery in Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan, Iran, 2019.

Methods:

In this case-control study, 7,478 hospital files of live-born neonates and their mothers in Hamadan Fatemieh Hospital in 2019 were examined. According to statistical estimates, 261 preterm deliveries and 736 term deliveries were studied. Information files of neonates and mothers were used to complete the study questionnaire. The data were compared in two separate groups and logistic regression was performed to estimate the crude relationship between demographic and clinical characteristics of term and preterm delivery.

Results:

The mean age of women was 27.89 ± 6.48 years. Analysis of data revealed that academic education (OR: 2.02, P = 0.014), age group 25-34 years (OR: 1.5, P = 0.016), age of 35 years and above (OR: 1.66, P = 0.018), previous history of preterm delivery (OR: 5.3, P < 0.001), history of abortion (OR: 1.67, P = 0.004), history of surgery (OR: 1.54, P = 0.007), history of infertility (P = 0.016), and a history of cesarean (OR: 2.11, P < 0.001) were potentially associated with a higher odds of preterm delivery (P < 0.2).

Conclusion:

Based on the results, it is important to identify potential risk factors of preterm delivery in mothers and corrective interventions in strengthening consultation and education of pregnant women during pregnancy. Such a measure helps select the type of delivery and strengthen prenatal care in identifying mothers in high-risk groups and performing timely interventions.
Raised Amylase/Lipase levels in Enteric Fever
Authors: Kapoor Mayank , Parchani Ashwin , Dhar Minakshi
Published: November 2021

Enteric fever is a commonly diagnosed entity in developing nations. Mostly uneventful, it can sometimes manifest with a plethora of complications, including gastrointestinal hemorrhage, intestinal perforation, peritonitis, encephalopathy, and pancreatitis. We are discussing a case of enteric fever with the presentation in the form of bleeding per rectum. The patient’s raised amylase and lipase levels confused the scenario as it could not be decided whether this rise was due to enteric fever or its possible but rare complication, pancreatitis. There was no radiological or clinical evidence of pancreatitis; hence the rise in the amylase and lipase levels was due to enteric fever only and not pancreatitis. Serial titers showed declining enzyme values with the improvement of patient condition. A correlation of amylase and lipase levels with enteric fever and the use of serial amylase and lipase levels as a prognostic marker for enteric fever are proposed hereby, hence, proposed.
An elderly woman with multilobulated breast mass presenting as a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Singh Mahendra Pratap , Brahmachari Swagata , Arya Neha
Published: November 2021

A breast mass in women often presents a diagnostic challenge due to the diversity in the diagnosis. We herein report a rare variant of breast carcinoma, an invasive apocrine carcinoma (AC), in an elderly woman where the breast mass clinically mimicked phyllodes tumour. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed the tumour as triple-negative and also negative for androgen receptor (AR). Gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP-15) was strongly and diffusely positive. It is an exceptional finding. It implies its significance as a diagnostic marker of AC of the breast. The accurate diagnostic criteria of AC are still lacking. Patients with breast lumps offer unique challenges and enormous responsibility to primary and family care physicians.
Chronic peritoneal dialysis in children with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Tiewsoh Karalanglin , Soni Akshita , Dawman Lesa , Peters Nitin J. , Malik Muneer A.
Published: November 2021

Introduction:

Chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD) is an important modality of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in children of all ages with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We retrospectively assessed the clinical profile of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) initiated on CPD at a tertiary care centre in Northern India.

Materials and Methods:

Retrospective data of 13 children with CKD and initiated on CPD between 2016 and 2019 were retrieved and analysed. The demographic and clinical profile, aetiology of CKD, method of catheter insertion, mode of dialysis, complications, and catheter survival rate were analysed.

Results:

The median age at the onset of the symptoms was 81 months interquartile range (IQR 11–90) and the median age at the diagnosis was 81 months (IQR 36–103). The median age at the initiation of CPD was 92.97 months (IQR 74.43–108.79). The median serum creatinine at the initiation of CPD was 6.3 mg/dL (IQR 4.25–8.4). During a total study period of 84 CPD months, we observed 16 catheter-related complications and a complication rate of 1 per 5.25 CPD months. The overall peritonitis rate was 1 episode per 13.66 patient-months (0.87 episodes per patient-year). The catheter displacement/migration was seen in 23% of the cases. The median duration of follow-up was 175 days (IQR 85–249) with the longest follow-up duration of 502 days.

Conclusion:

CPD is the modality of choice for smaller children with ESRD as venous access is difficult to achieve in smaller children. Complications especially related to infections are a major concern in addition to poor growth associated with ESRD.
Triad of palpitation, angina, and murmur in a non-cardiac patient
Authors: Arora Kanupriya , Panda Prasan K.
Published: November 2021

The triad of palpitation, angina, and murmur is a classical feature of cardiac pathology. However, their presence sometimes uncovers a thyroid etiology. Identification well in time decreases out-of-pocket expenditures on illness and suffering. We report a case of a 40-year-old woman who presented with fever with chills, vomiting, palpitations, and shortness of breath for the past month. Also, she described chest pain as typical of angina. Multiple diagnoses were made elsewhere, but none of the treatments resulted in the resolution of symptoms. ST changes were suggestive of ischemic pathology, cardiac MRI done showed up hypertrophied myocardium. After a negative blood culture for infective endocarditis and serology sought for fever work-up, suspicious cardiac examination with a murmur, and an abnormal thyroid profile with a thyroid scan, led to a diagnosis of Graves’ disease. This case defines the triad in a noncardiac patient and emphasizes what a thyroid disease does to the heart.
Oral health status and treatment needs among deaf, mute and visually impaired children of Gulbarga district – A population based cross sectional study
Authors: Goud Venkatesh , Gupta Ritu , Suresh Babu A. M , Das Dipshikha , Kulkarni Ganesh , Swathi K
Published: November 2021

Background:

Oral diseases can particularly have a harmful impact on the general health of individuals with certain systemic health problems or conditions. The aim of the study was to assess the oral health status and treatment needs among deaf, mute, and visually impaired children of the Gulbarga district.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 284 deaf, mute, and visually impaired children of the Gulbarga district. A specially prepared structured questionnaire was used to record the demographic variables and oral hygiene practices. Type III clinical examination was carried out. Oral health status was assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO) assessment form (1997). Oral hygiene index-simplified (1964) was used to assess the oral hygiene status.

Results:

A total of 284 children were examined, aged 6–24 years, with a mean age of 12.95 years (±3.13). The prevalence of dental caries was 49.3%, and 87.4% of the children suffered from periodontal disease. Oral hygiene status was poor in 24.7% of the children.

Conclusion:

The findings in the present study highlight the lack of dental treatment. There is a considerable need for the prevention and treatment of oral diseases among deaf, mute, and visually impaired children.
Level of participation in public health volunteering and its determinants among ministry of health primary health care workers in Jeddah 2019
Authors: Kably Asim A. , Almalki Riyadh A. , AlQarni Abdullah M. , Bardisi Wedad M.
Published: November 2021

Context:

Volunteering is an important practice for health care systems globally and contributes to the development of health care services as well.

Aims:

To estimate the level of participation in public health volunteering and its determinants among healthcare workers in ministry of health primary care sector, Jeddah.

Settings and Design:

A randomized quantitative cross-sectional self-administered survey involving all primary healthcare workers in 15 centers.

Methods and Material:

The survey included socio-demographics and 33 determinants of volunteering (values, career development, enhancement, social, and protection) ranked by importance using a seven-point scale. The research committee of the joint program for family medicine in Jeddah validated the survey. Primarily we evaluated the level of participation in public health volunteering. Secondary endpoints were perception of the importance of volunteering determinants among participants, correlation between volunteering and independent socio-demographic variables, and any attribute of volunteering determinants.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Descriptive analyses using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 24.

Results:

231 consenting participants filled the survey. Most of the participants were Saudi citizens, predominantly female, bachelor or higher degree holders, and married. Out of 227 respondents, 98 (43%) declared volunteering in the previous year. Only the age was positively correlated to volunteering significantly. Respondents significantly perceived the 33 attributes of the questionnaire as “extremely, very, or somewhat important.” Determinants like values, enhancement, and social were significant predictors of volunteering but not career development or protection.

Conclusions:

Volunteering complements healthcare resources in coping with emergent situations like COVID-19 pandemic. More efforts are required to bring awareness toward volunteering opportunities in Saudi healthcare sector.
Neurocognitive dysfunction among type 2 diabetes patients attending primary health care in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshaikh Alshaymaa A. , Alatawi Hind S. , Alzahrani Abdullah M.
Published: November 2021

Context:

Identification of modifiable risk factors of neurocognitive dysfunction (NCDs) that would help in preventing neurocognitive dysfunction by means of appropriate measures.

Objectives:

The study aims to provide an insight into the extent and cofactors ofNCDs among Saudi type II diabetes (T2DM) patients at the primary care level.

Settings and Design:

A cross-sectional study was conducted at five randomly selected primary health care centers (PHCCs) of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Subject and Methods:

T2DM patients above 40 years, who were followed for T2DM diagnosed ≥ 1 year ago were recruited. The Arabic version of the Mini-Mental State Evaluation (MMSE) was used for screening NCDs, using education-adjusted cut-offs.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Sociodemographic, diabetes-related, and other clinical and lifestyle factors were analyzed as cofactors of NCDs.

Results:

The study included 236 T2DM patients, who had mean ± SD age of 60.29 ± 9.45 years. The majority (61.0%) were female, and mean ± SD duration of T2DM was 14.1 ± 8.4 years (range = 1–45 years). The prevalence of NCDs was 35.2% (95% CI = 29.1%, 41.6%), and 5.1% of the participants had MMSE scores ≤ 10 indicating severe neurocognitive impairment. The congruence of significant sociodemographic factors delineated a high-risk profile, and multivariate regression analysis showed female gender, low educational level, longer duration of diabetes, geriatric age at T2DM diagnosis, inadequate glycemic control, and sedentary lifestyle as the independent risk factors for NCDs.

Conclusions:

The population of middle-aged and older T2DM patients is highly exposed to NCDs, with the great contribution of other comorbidities and higher risk incurred by older, lowly educated females with long diabetes duration. Further improvements should be achieved to enhance the care offered to diabetic patients by improving glycemic control, screening for comorbidities, and early detection of neurocognitive decline.
Eski Antakya Evlerine Kent Kimliği Açısından Bir Bakış
Authors: GÜNDÜZ Selçuk
Published: November 2021

Eski Antakya, geçmişi yüzyıllara dayanan, tarih boyunca birçok medeniyete ev sahipliği yapmış ve bunun sonucunda kültür turizmi açısından kültürel çeşitlilik ve zenginliğe sahip olmuş tarihi kültürel bir miras alanıdır. Kültür turizmine açılmasıyla beraber Eski Antakya evleri son dönemde ciddi bir değişim-dönüşüm geçirmektedir. Eski Antakya evleri restorasyon sürecinden geçirilerek kafe, restoran ve barlara dönüştürülmesiyle özellikle bu mekanların Eski Antakya’nın kimliğine vurgu yapacak şekilde yeniden tasarlanmaktadır. Mekânlar ve mekânlarda kullanılan nesneler aracılığıyla retro bir etkinin yaratılmaya çalışıldığı Eski Antakya’da nostaljik ve mistik bir deneyim alanı yaratılmaya çalışıldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bunun aynı zamanda kente dair oluşturulan kimliğin mekânlarda yeniden üretimini de sağlamakta olduğu söylenebilir. Bu çalışmada Eski Antakya evlerine yansıyan Antakya kent kimliği ve bölge sakinlerinin yaşanan değişim-dönüşümü nasıl değerlendirdiği ele alınmıştır. Kent imgelerinin kent kimliğini oluşturduğu çok yönlü bir ilişkinin sürdüğü Eski Antakya, kent ekonomisinin önemli gelir kaynağı elde edilebileceği potansiyel bir kültür turizmi odak noktasıdır. Sürdürülebilir ekonomi anlayışının öneminin arttığı günümüzde bu tür alanların etkili kullanımı ve korunması ise hem kültürel miras alanlarının gelecek nesillere aktarımı hem de ekonomik değere dönüşümü açısından son derece önemlidir.
Developing a rubric for the assessment of student performance in compounding and dispensing practical
Authors: Panda Dibya Sundar , Alotaibi Nasser Hadal , Alruwaili Nabil K
Published: November 2021

Objectives: To study the impact of assessment using a scoring rubric on the compounding and dispensing skills of the students.   
Methods: A rubric was prepared to evaluate the students’ psychomotor performance and attitude in compounding and dispensing. The rubric was applied by the teacher, the students themselves, and their classmates instead of the earlier used dichotomous checklist. Scores were compared pre- and post-implementation of the rubric. The students’ learning experience and outcomes were assessed through regular course evaluation surveys.   
Results: Student performance was improved from the baseline to the mid and end of term. The number of harmful scorings was reduced, and the number of admissible scorings was increased.     
Conclusion: The pharmaceutical compounding rubric showed to be a quantitative evaluation instrument for teachers. It also helped identify the challenging areas. The implementation of the rubric helped minimise errors.
A Constant-time AVX2 Implementation of a Variant of ROLLO
Authors: Chou Tung , Liou Jin-Han
Published: November 2021

This paper introduces a key encapsulation mechanism ROLLO+ and presents a constant-time AVX2 implementation of it. ROLLO+ is a variant of ROLLO-I targeting IND-CPA security. The main difference between ROLLO+ and ROLLO-I is that the decoding algorithm of ROLLO+ is adapted from the decoding algorithm of ROLLO-I. Our implementation of ROLLO+-I-128, one of the level-1 parameter sets of ROLLO+, takes 851823 Skylake cycles for key generation, 30361 Skylake cycles for encapsulation, and 673666 Skylake cycles for decapsulation. Compared to the state-of-the-art implementation of ROLLO-I-128 by Aguilar-Melchor et al., which is claimed to be constant-time but actually is not, our implementation achieves a 12.9x speedup for key generation, a 10.6x speedup for encapsulation, and a 14.5x speedup for decapsulation. Compared to the state-of-the-art implementation of the level-1 parameter set of BIKE by Chen, Chou, and Krausz, our key generation time is 1.4x as slow, but our encapsulation time is 3.8x as fast, and our decapsulation time is 2.4x as fast.
MIRACLE: MIcRo-ArChitectural Leakage Evaluation
Authors: Marshall Ben , Page Dan , Webb James
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we describe an extensible experimental infrastructure for evaluating the micro-architectural leakage, based on power consumption, that stems from a physical device. Building on existing literature, we use it to systematically study 14 different devices, which span 4 different instruction set architectures and 4 different vendors. The study allows a characterisation of each device with respect to any leakage effects stemming from sources within the micro-architectural implementation. We use it, for example, to identify and document several novel leakage effects (e.g., due to speculative instruction execution), and scenarios where an assumption about leakage is non-portable between different yet compatible devices.Ours is the widest study of its kind we are aware of, and highlights a range of challenges with respect to 1) the design, implementation, and evaluation of, e.g., masking schemes, 2) construction of accurate leakage models, and 3) selection of suitable devices for experimental research. For example, in relation to 1), we cast further doubt on whether a given device upholds the assumptions required by a given masking scheme; in relation to 2), we conclude that (statistical or formal) device leakage models must include information about the micro-architecture being modelled; in relation to 3), we claim the near mono-culture of devices that dominates existing literature is insufficient to support general claims regarding leakage. This is particularly important in the context of the FIPS 140-3 standard for non-invasive side-channel evaluation.
Guessing Bits: Improved Lattice Attacks on (EC)DSA with Nonce Leakage
Authors: Sun Chao , Espitau Thomas , Tibouchi Mehdi , Abe Masayuki
Published: November 2021

The lattice reduction attack on (EC)DSA (and other Schnorr-like signature schemes) with partially known nonces, originally due to Howgrave-Graham and Smart, has been at the core of many concrete cryptanalytic works, side-channel based or otherwise, in the past 20 years. The attack itself has seen limited development, however: improved analyses have been carried out, and the use of stronger lattice reduction algorithms has pushed the range of practically vulnerable parameters further, but the lattice construction based on the signatures and known nonce bits remain the same.In this paper, we propose a new idea to improve the attack based on the same data in exchange for additional computation: carry out an exhaustive search on some bits of the secret key. This turns the problem from a single bounded distance decoding (BDD) instance in a certain lattice to multiple BDD instances in a fixed lattice of larger volume but with the same bound (making the BDD problem substantially easier). Furthermore, the fact that the lattice is fixed lets us use batch/preprocessing variants of BDD solvers that are far more efficient than repeated lattice reductions on non-preprocessed lattices of the same size. As a result, our analysis suggests that our technique is competitive or outperforms the state of the art for parameter ranges corresponding to the limit of what is achievable using lattice attacks so far (around 2-bit leakage on 160-bit groups, or 3-bit leakage on 256-bit groups).We also show that variants of this idea can also be applied to bits of the nonces (leading to a similar improvement) or to filtering signature data (leading to a data-time trade-off for the lattice attack). Finally, we use our technique to obtain an improved exploitation of the TPM–FAIL dataset similar to what was achieved in the Minerva attack.
Masked Accelerators and Instruction Set Extensions for Post-Quantum Cryptography
Authors: Fritzmann Tim , Van Beirendonck Michiel , Basu Roy Debapriya , Karl Patrick , Schamberger Thomas , Verbauwhede Ingrid , Sigl Georg
Published: November 2021

Side-channel attacks can break mathematically secure cryptographic systems leading to a major concern in applied cryptography. While the cryptanalysis and security evaluation of Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) have already received an increasing research effort, a cost analysis of efficient side-channel countermeasures is still lacking. In this work, we propose a masked HW/SW codesign of the NIST PQC finalists Kyber and Saber, suitable for their different characteristics. Among others, we present a novel masked ciphertext compression algorithm for non-power-of-two moduli. To accelerate linear performance bottlenecks, we developed a generic Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) multiplier, which, in contrast to previously published accelerators, is also efficient and suitable for schemes not based on NTT. For the critical non-linear operations, masked HW accelerators were developed, allowing a secure execution using RISC-V instruction set extensions. With the proposed design, we achieved a cycle count of K:214k/E:298k/D:313k for Kyber and K:233k/E:312k/D:351k for Saber with NIST Level III parameter sets. For the same parameter sets, the masking overhead for the first-order secure decapsulation operation including randomness generation is a factor of 4.48 for Kyber (D:1403k)and 2.60 for Saber (D:915k).
ModuloNET: Neural Networks Meet Modular Arithmetic for Efficient Hardware Masking
Authors: Dubey Anuj , Ahmad Afzal , Pasha Muhammad Adeel , Cammarota Rosario , Aysu Aydin
Published: November 2021

Intellectual Property (IP) thefts of trained machine learning (ML) models through side-channel attacks on inference engines are becoming a major threat. Indeed, several recent works have shown reverse engineering of the model internals using such attacks, but the research on building defenses is largely unexplored. There is a critical need to efficiently and securely transform those defenses from cryptography such as masking to ML frameworks. Existing works, however, revealed that a straightforward adaptation of such defenses either provides partial security or leads to high area overheads. To address those limitations, this work proposes a fundamentally new direction to construct neural networks that are inherently more compatible with masking. The key idea is to use modular arithmetic in neural networks and then efficiently realize masking, in either Boolean or arithmetic fashion, depending on the type of neural network layers. We demonstrate our approach on the edge-computing friendly binarized neural networks (BNN) and show how to modify the training and inference of such a network to work with modular arithmetic without sacrificing accuracy. We then design novel masking gadgets using Domain-Oriented Masking (DOM) to efficiently mask the unique operations of ML such as the activation function and the output layer classification, and we prove their security in the glitch-extended probing model. Finally, we implement fully masked neural networks on an FPGA, quantify that they can achieve a similar latency while reducing the FF and LUT costs over the state-of-the-art protected implementations by 34.2% and 42.6%, respectively, and demonstrate their first-order side-channel security with up to 1M traces.
VITI: A Tiny Self-Calibrating Sensor for Power-Variation Measurement in FPGAs
Authors: Udugama Brian , Jayasinghe Darshana , Saadat Hassaan , Ignjatovic Aleksandar , Parameswaran Sri
Published: November 2021

On-chip sensors, built using reconfigurable logic resources in field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), have been shown to sense variations in signalpropagation delay, supply voltage and power consumption. These sensors have been successfully used to deploy security attacks called Remote Power Analysis (RPA) Attacks on FPGAs. The sensors proposed thus far consume significant logic resources and some of them could be used to deploy power viruses. In this paper, a sensor (named VITI) occupying a far smaller footprint than existing sensors is presented. VITI is a self-calibrating on-chip sensor design, constructed using adjustable delay elements, flip-flops and LUT elements instead of combinational loops, bulky carry chains or latches. Self-calibration enables VITI the autonomous adaptation to differing situations (such as increased power consumption, temperature changes or placement of the sensor in faraway locations from the circuit under attack). The efficacy of VITI for power consumption measurement was evaluated using Remote Power Analysis (RPA) attacks and results demonstrate recovery of a full 128-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) key with only 20,000 power traces. Experiments demonstrate that VITI consumes 1/4th and 1/16th of the area compared to state-of-the-art sensors such as time to digital converters and ring oscillators for similar effectiveness.
A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF SANKHA- PUSHPI CHOORNA WITH SAHAPANA OF KSHEERA AND DRAKSHA SWARASA IN NIDRANASHA W.S.R.TO PRIMARY INSOMNIA
Authors: A. K Sabeena Susmitha , D’souza Zenica
Published: November 2021

Background: Sleep has occupied a special place in human concern. It has been rightly stated by Acharya Charaka that happiness and misery, proper and improper growth, good strength and weakness, potency and sterility, knowledge and ignorance, life and death of an individual depend on the quality of sleep. The condition of Insomnia has tendency to damage the person’s daily life, including his social and occupational life. Considering this Sankha- pushpi Choorna with Go ksheera and Draksha Swarasa were selected for this study. Sankhapushpi Choorna has the property of Nidrajanana and Medhya. Ksheera has the property of VataPitta Shamana and Draksha has the property of Pitta Kapha Shamana, Rakta Prasadana.
Methods: The study was Randomized parallel Group comparison clinical study. The study was conducted in 60 subjects for a period of 30 days. Subjective and objective parameters were documented at base line, 7th day, 15th day and on 30th day. Observations were analysed and findings were evaluated by using statistical methods. Results: This study shows that both Sankhapushpi Choorna with Ksheera and Sankhapushpi Choorna with Draksha Swarasa have significant effect in Nidranasha.
Conclusion: The result obtained was both Sankhapushpi Choorna with Ksheera and Sankhapushpi Choorna with Draksha Swarasa have significant effect in Nidranasha. There is no significant difference in effect of Sankhapushpi Choorna with Ksheera and Sankhapushpi Choorna with Draksha Swarasa.
Keywords: Sankhapushpi Choorna, Ksheera, Draksha, Nidranasha, Sahapana, Primary Insomnia
Crise renal esclerodérmica
Authors: Araújo Nafice Costa
Published: November 2021

A esclerose sistêmica (ES) é uma doença do tecido conectivo que envolve múltiplos órgãos, caracterizada por excessiva deposição de colágeno, autoimunidade, hiper-reatividade vascular e obliteração microvascular. A ES apresenta três principais fenótipos: ES cutânea limitada (ESl), ES cutânea difusa (ESd) e síndrome de superposição (overlap syndrome). A ESl é associada com fenômeno de Raynaud e espessamento cutâneo limitado às áreas distais dos cotovelos e joelhos e face, com menor envolvimento interno. Entretanto, os pacientes com esta forma de doença sofrem maior incidência de hipertensão arterial pulmonar. A ESd se manifesta geralmente com fenômeno de Raynaud, edema dos dedos, artralgia, crepitação tendínea e espessamento cutâneo, com tendência à rápida progressão, afetando tronco, face e membros. Estes pacientes são mais propensos a desenvolver fibrose dos órgãos internos. Síndrome de superposição pode ser encontrada em pacientes com aspectos de ES, lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, miopatia e artrite reumatoide. Uma situação pouco frequente é a ES sine escleroderma, na qual o acometimento visceral específico está presente na ausência do acometimento cutâneo. Injúria vascular na ES pode se manifestar como fenômeno de Raynauld, isquemia digital, hipertensão arterial pulmonar ou crise renal esclerodérmica (CRE).
A CRE é uma grave manifestação da ES. Clinicamente se apresenta de forma aguda, com hipertensão arterial sistêmica maligna e rápida deterioração da função renal, frequentemente acompanhada por hemólise microangiopática. Antes da década de 1970, a CRE era quase sempre fatal, com óbito ocorrendo em poucas semanas. Com o desenvolvimento e uso dos inibidores de enzima conversora da angiotensina (IECA), a sobrevida desses pacientes tem melhorado e a taxa de mortalidade em um ano reduziu de 85% para 24%. Atualmente, as principais causas de óbito na ES são fibrose pulmonar e hipertensão arterial pulmonar, manifestação da ES, com sobrevida de 60% dos casos em cinco anos. Além disso, exposição a certos fármacos, especialmente os corticosteroides (CE), representam um adicional fator de risco para CRE.
Síndrome metabólica em pacientes jovens na pré-menopausa com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico
Authors: Muniz Luciana Feitosa
Published: November 2021

A síndrome metabólica (SM) é preditor independente de doença cardiovascular, a principal causa de mortalidade no lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES). Não existem dados sobre os principais fatores associados à SM em pacientes jovens na pré-menopausa, população mais afetada pelo LES.
Lúpus eritematoso neonatal
Authors: Oliveira Marília Aparecida de Godoi , Ract Ana Luiza Pereira , Lemos Tatiane Birani , Fernandes Elisabeth Gonzaga Canova
Published: November 2021

O lúpus eritematoso neonatal (LEN) é uma doença rara que pode acometer vários órgãos, principalmente o coração e a pele. A doença pode ser considerada um modelo de autoimunidade adquirida, no qual a mãe assintomática ou com patologia reumatológica específica produz autoanticorpos (anti-SSA/Ro, anti-SSB/La e anti-RNP) que atravessam a barreira placentária, atingem a circulação fetal e exercem um papel importante na gênese da doença. Além dos autoanticorpos, estuda-se cada vez mais a possibilidade de os complexos de histocompatibilidade (HLA B8, DR3 e DQ2) estarem envolvidos em sua gênese juntamente com fatores ambientais. O LEN caracteriza-se principalmente por lesões cutâneas semelhantes ao lúpus subagudo, alterações hematológicas como anemia, neutropenia e trombocitopenia e manifestações hepáticas, todas elas benignas e transitórias, que na maioria das vezes regridem quando os anticorpos maternos saem da circulação fetal. A manifestação mais grave da doença é o bloqueio atrioventricular isolado, considerada a complicação mais temida e estudada da doença por ser, em muitos casos, irreversível, com altas taxas de morbimortalidade. O desafio é prever o risco gestacional de desenvolvimento da doença fetal, fazer o diagnóstico mais precoce possível e definir a melhor estratégia terapêutica intrauterina ou pós-natal.
Effect Of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Omega-3 On Some Histological Criteria In White New Zealand Rabbits Administrated With Cyclosporine Drug
Authors: Jawad Murtadha M. , Al-Kraity Wijdan Rajh Hamza
Published: November 2021

The present study was aimed efficiency to evaluate the unsaturated fatty acid omega-3 in reducing the side effects that resulted from administration of cyclosporine drug in white New Zealand rabbits. (60) from white males' rabbits were used in this study, the animals divided into major four groups (15) rabbits per group and its subdivision into three groups (5) rabbits per group. The first group is orally administered with normal saline, second groups were administered cyclosporine (25mg/kg) only. Third groups were administered cyclosporine (25mg/kg) in the first day and Omega-3 (500mg/kg) in the second day, while Fourth groups were administered cyclosporine (25mg/kg) in the first day and omega-3 (1000mg/kg) in the second day for periods (21,30,60) days respectively. After ending study periods, the animals were sacrificed and the blood was collected and samples from liver were taken and the results were showed the following: the histological study showed pathological changes after administration of cyclosporine (25mg/kg) with blood congestion for period (21day), while severe blood congestion with beginning of fibrosis for period (30day) while in the period (60day) very severe blood congestion with aggregation of inflammatory cells and grow of fibroblast cells were showed. while the interaction between cyclosporine and two concentrations (500&1000mg/kg) of omega-3 were showed non-pathological changes in liver tissues. From this study concluded that omega-3 have an important role in the reducing histopathology side effects that result from administration of cyclosporine drug in white rabbits.
Serological and Hematological Study of Toxoplasmosis in Blood of Newly Born Babies
Authors: Assit Khairy A. Dawood , Talib Ruaa A. , Falah Hasanain
Published: November 2021

Serological identification and blood pictures were done for specific IgM and IgG.10% of cases were positive IgM of Toxoplasmosis because have 10 IU/ml (mean) in comparison with control group were 0.11 IU/ml (mean). On other hand 20% of diagnosed cases were positive IgG of Toxoplasmosis because have 11 IU/ml .Two cases were followed for their history one from group IgM and other IgG , first one suffered from three abortion and now have five child three of them healthy while two have congenital defects. Second case (IgG positive ) have four abortion and now have three child , two healthy and one have congenital defect. Blood picture reveal 40% suffered from Normocytic anemia , these cases classified to three groups , first Toxoplasma group 30% (positive in ELISA test). Second group (Unknown causes), these cases not only normocytic anemia also have high total leukocytes 17 x10 (mean) and high MCV (103 ft). Third group have low MCV 78ft.
Civic education of students in the conditions of digitalization and informatization of the education system
Authors:   Moscow State Regional University, Nicolaev M.V.
Published: November 2021

Nowadays the preconditions for the upbringing of the younger generation in the context of the digitalization of society have emerged. This means that changes are taking place in the social, economic and political spheres of life, which entails changes in the methods of teaching and upbringing of the younger generation. The active use of digital technologies in civic education of students creates a high-tech living environment, which leads to the education of competent and competitive digital citizens. In these conditions, the possibilities of education and upbringing of students are expanding, taking into account individual characteristics. The aforementioned emphasizes the relevance of the problem of informatization of society and the introduction of information technologies in the process of civic education of students. The research problem lies in the informatization of society and the widespread use of information systems in the process of civic education of the younger generation. The purpose of the research is to identify topical issues of civic education in the educational process of an educational institution in the context of digitalization and informatization of society. The research methods used are analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, generalization. The research results: a generalized definition of the concept of civic education in the context of digitalization has been presented; the ways of using multimedia technologies in the educational process have been shown; telecommunication projects for solving problems of civic education and social and psychological attitudes of the younger generation have been described. Key conclusions: information systems have a high educational potential, as they ensure the availability and quality of the formation of civic values among students at a distance; Internet resources can be the means of civic education; educational work, in the context of the digitalization of society, is a technological process; education of digital citizens requires appropriate pedagogical tools; multimedia technologies allow to instill in students the civic values of education.