bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The level of wasting and associated factors among children aged 6–59 months in sub-Saharan African countries: multilevel ordinal logistic regression analysis
Authors: Asebe Hiwot Altaye , Asmare Zufan Alamrie , Mare Kusse Urmale , Kase Bizunesh Fantahun , Tebeje Tsion Mulat , Asgedom Yordanose Sisay , Shibeshi Abdu Hailu , Lombebo Afewerk Alemu , Sabo Kebede Gemeda , Fente Bezawit Melak , Bezie Meklit Melaku , Seifu Beminate Lemma
Published: June 2024

Background

Despite various interventions to combat child malnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa, wasting remains a critical public health concern for children aged 6–59 months. Wasting is a significant predictor of child survival and development, with a heightened risk of mortality among children. However, there is a lack of recent comprehensive data on the prevalence, severity level, and factors contributing to wasting in this age group.

Objective

To identify the severity levels of wasting and its individual and community-level factors contributing to wasting among children aged 6–59 months in Sub-Saharan African countries.

Methods

This research utilized Demographic and Health Survey data from 34 Sub-Saharan African countries, spanning the period from 2007 to 2022. The study included a weighted sample of 180,317 6–59-month-old children. We employed a multilevel proportional odds model to identify factors predicting the severity of wasting. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were reported to demonstrate significant relationships (p < 0.05) in the final model.

Results

In Sub-Saharan Africa, 7.09% of children aged 6–59 months experience wasting (95% CI: 6.97, 7.20%). Among these children, the prevalence of moderate wasting is 4.97% (95% CI: 4.90, 5.10%), while severe wasting affects 2.12% (95% CI: 2.0, 2.20%). Factors such as term/post-term babies, wealth, frequency of feeding, improved toilet facilities, water sources, employed and educated mothers, rural residence, high community maternal education, and community media exposure are strongly associated with a lower chance of experiencing severe form of wasting. Conversely, birth order, family size, breastfeeding, diarrhea, cough, and fever, high community poverty, female household heads, and all Sub-Saharan Africa regions are linked to higher levels of wasting.

Conclusion

The study findings underscore the persistent challenge of wasting among Sub-Saharan Africa’s children, with 7.09% affected, of which 4.97% experience moderate wasting and 2.12% severe wasting. The identified predictors of wasting highlight the complex interplay of socio-economic, environmental, and health-related determinants. To address this issue improve access to healthcare and nutrition services, enhance sanitation infrastructure, promote women’s empowerment, and implement community-based education programs. Additionally, prioritize early detection through routine screening and strengthen health systems’ capacity to provide timely interventions.
Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) by-products as a source of bioactive compounds for non-communicable disease prevention: extraction methods and mechanisms of action: a systematic review
Authors: Weyya Getu , Belay Abera , Tadesse Eneyew
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The review titled Passion fruit by-products as a source of bioactive compounds for non-communicable disease prevention: extraction methods and mechanisms provide valuable insights into the health benefits and industrial applications of passion fruit waste. Passion fruits are a tropical and subtropical vine species, which produces edible fruits. Many food product types can be made from passion fruits. However, during passion fruit processing, large amounts of waste are released in to the environment. This review focuses on extraction methods of bioactive compounds from passion fruit by-products such as leaves, peels, seeds, and bagasse.

Methods

This comprehensive review focuses on the bioactive compounds present in passion fruit by-products, emphasis on their mechanisms of action on non-communicable diseases. It also provides a detailed analysis of the extraction methods used to obtain these bioactive compounds, their potential industrial applications, and the factors that affect extraction efficiency.

Results

This review encourages further research and innovation in utilization of passion fruit waste as a source of bioactive compounds for non- communicable disease prevention and their mechanisms of action. This can advance the circular economy. It also highlights the importance of sustainable and green extraction methods, which have gained attention due to environmental concerns.

Discussion

Unlike previous reviews, this comprehensive article explores the potential health benefits of multiple passion fruit waste products. It also examines the possible applications of these extracts for industrial goods such as food additives, colorants, nutraceuticals, natural antioxidants, and antimicrobial agents. Overall, it contributes new information emphasizing the potential of passion fruit by-products as a source of bioactive, and the findings have implications for the scientific community and industry, promoting a deeper understanding of the health benefits and sustainable practices associated with passion fruit waste utilization.
Consumption of beef sandwiches in the United States and contributions to intake of energy and select nutrients
Authors: Murphy Mary M. , Anderson Maribeth M. , Bi Xiaoyu
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Sandwiches are commonly consumed in the United States. This study summarizes contributions of beef sandwiches to energy and select nutrient intakes.

Methods

Beef sandwiches were categorized as beef burger sandwiches (hamburgers or cheeseburgers) and non-burger beef sandwiches. Per capita and per user consumption of beef sandwiches (total and by type) and contributions to total nutrient intakes from beef and non-beef sandwich components were estimated for the population ages ≥2 years (n = 15,984) participating in WWEIA/NHANES, 2013–2016.

Results

On any given day, 21.4% of the population consumed a beef sandwich. Among all Americans, beef sandwiches provided 6.3% of mean energy intake and accounted for approximately 10% of the population’s mean intake of vitamin B12 and saturated fat, 9% of protein and sodium, 7% of iron, 6% of choline, and 5% of potassium. Among beef sandwich consumers, beef sandwiches accounted for 26.2% of mean energy intake on a day of consumption. The beef component of sandwiches accounted for the majority of vitamin B12, choline, and protein, non-beef components accounted for the majority of sodium, iron, and potassium, and beef and non-beef components made similar contributions to saturated fat. Hamburgers provided consumers the lowest energy, sodium, and saturated fat intake, while non-burger sandwiches provided the highest intake of these nutrients.

Discussion

Beef sandwiches are an important source of energy, protein, vitamin B12, iron, and choline, and like other sandwiches, are also a source of sodium and saturated fat. Americans could enhance nutrient contributions from sandwiches by selecting lean meat and limiting use of saturated fat- or sodium-rich non-beef components.
Association between weight-adjusted-waist index and cognitive decline in US elderly participants
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Sun Jian , Zhang Yishuo , Zhang Bo , Zhou Liya
Published: June 2024

Objective

To investigate the association between the weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) and cognitive decline in elderly Americans from 2011 to 2014.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,762 elderly participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination (NHANES) between 2011 and 2014. WWI was calculated by dividing waist circumference (cm) by the square root of body weight (kg). Participants assessed their cognitive functions using tests such as the DSST, AFT, and CERAD W-L. In this research, multiple logistic regression, HIA, limited cubic spline (RCS), and threshold effect analysis methods were utilized to explore the relationship between cognitive decline and WWI.

Results

The study involved 2,762 participants aged 60 years and older, comprising 1,353 males (49%) and 1,409 females (51%), with a median age of 69.3 years (standard deviation = 6.7). The analysis revealed that the risk of cognitive decline was positively associated with the WWI. Fully adjusted models indicated significant correlations with the CERAD W-L [odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06–1.46, p < 0.008], AFT (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.08–1.49, p = 0.003), and DSST (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.29–1.9, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated a consistent relationship across different population settings except for gender (average of interactions, p > 0.05). A J-shaped relationship between WWI and low DSST scores was observed using multivariate restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression (P for non-linearity <0.05), with the curve steepening when WWI ≥ 12.21 cm/√kg. Additionally, the study found that WWI was more strongly associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline than other obesity indicators such as Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and A Body Shape Index (ABSI).

Conclusion

Our data have shown a significant positive association between the WWI and a higher risk of cognitive decline in older Americans, with a J-shaped non-linear relationship between WWI and DSST. In addition, our findings indicate that WWI was associated with greater cognitive decline than other markers of obesity.
The dietary changes during Ramadan and their impact on anthropometry, blood pressure, and metabolic profile
Authors: Al-Jafar Rami , Yuqi Wang , Elliott Paul , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Dehghan Abbas
Published: June 2024

Background

The effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on the metabolic profile, anthropometry and blood pressure has been investigated in multiple studies. However, it is still unknown to what extent changes in nutrient intakes contribute to these changes.

Methods

This observational study was conducted in London (UK) in 2019. The study collected diverse data from a community-based sample in London before and during/after Ramadan. Collected data included a 3-day food diary (before and during Ramadan), as well as blood samples, anthropometric measurements and blood pressure (before and after Ramadan). The food diary was translated into nutritional data using nutrition software “Nutritics.” The changes in nutrient intakes were investigated using a mixed-effects regression model. The impact of adjusting for nutrient intake change was investigated on the absolute difference of metabolites (Nightingale platform), systolic/diastolic blood pressure and anthropometric measures.

Results

The study collected data on food intake before and during Ramadan from 56 participants; the mean age was 44.7 ± 17.3, and 51.8% (n = 29) were females. We found a change in the intake of 11 nutritional factors, glucose, fructose, betaine, sugars, sugars as monosaccharide equivalents, lutein/zeaxanthin, starch, starch as monosaccharide equivalents, proline, glutamic acid and lycopene. No changes in quantities or proportions of macronutrients, carbohydrates, protein and fat. Mainly, the changes in diet during Ramadan are characterized by more consumption of sugars (62%, p < 0.001) and a lower intake of starch (−21%, p = 0.012). The changes in 14 metabolite levels (two glycolysis-related metabolites, one amino acid, two ketone bodies, two triglyceride, six lipoprotein subclasses, and an inflammation marker) after Ramadan were partially associated with some changes in nutrient intakes during Ramadan, especially betaine, fructose, glucose, starches and sugars. The lutein/zeaxanthin intake change explained inversely 14% of systolic blood pressure changes. Moreover, BMI and weight changes were partially explained by changes in intake of fat (7%; 9%), monounsaturated fat (6%; 7%), starch (8%; 9%), and starch as monosaccharide equivalents (8%; 9%) intakes in a direct relationship.

Conclusion

Diet changes during Ramadan were associated partially with the observed changes in the metabolic profile, blood pressure and anthropometry. This confirms the changes associated with RIF in the metabolic profile, blood pressure and anthropometry are not an absolute physiological response to the diet transition occurring during Ramadan.
Employing advanced supervised machine learning approaches for predicting micronutrient intake status among children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia
Authors: Zemariam Alemu Birara , Adisu Molalign Aligaz , Habesse Aklilu Abera , Abate Biruk Beletew , Bizuayehu Molla Azmeraw , Wondie Wubet Tazeb , Alamaw Addis Wondmagegn , Ngusie Habtamu Setegn
Published: June 2024

Background

Although micronutrients (MNs) are important for children’s growth and development, their intake has not received enough attention. MN deficiency is a significant public health problem, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence using advanced statistical methods, such as machine learning. Therefore, this study aimed to use advanced supervised algorithms to predict the micronutrient intake status in Ethiopian children aged 6–23 months.

Methods

A total weighted of 2,499 children aged 6–23 months from the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data set were utilized. The data underwent preprocessing, with 80% of the observations used for training and 20% for testing the model. Twelve machine learning algorithms were employed. To select best predictive model, their performance was assessed using different evaluation metrics in Python software. The Boruta algorithm was used to select the most relevant features. Besides, seven data balancing techniques and three hyper parameter tuning methods were employed. To determine the association between independent and targeted feature, association rule mining was conducted using the a priori algorithm in R software.

Results

According to the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey, out of 2,499 weighted children aged 12–23 months, 1,728 (69.15%) had MN intake. The random forest, catboost, and light gradient boosting algorithm outperformed in predicting MN intake status among all selected classifiers. Region, wealth index, place of delivery, mothers’ occupation, child age, fathers’ educational status, desire for more children, access to media exposure, religion, residence, and antenatal care (ANC) follow-up were the top attributes to predict MN intake. Association rule mining was identified the top seven best rules that most frequently associated with MN intake among children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia.

Conclusion

The random forest, catboost, and light gradient boosting algorithm achieved a highest performance and identifying the relevant predictors of MN intake. Therefore, policymakers and healthcare providers can develop targeted interventions to enhance the uptake of micronutrient supplementation among children. Customizing strategies based on identified association rules has the potential to improve child health outcomes and decrease the impact of micronutrient deficiencies in Ethiopia.
Prognostic relevance of platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in gastric cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hou Shufu , Song Dandan , Zang Yelei , Hao Ruiqi , Li Linchuan , Zhu Jiankang
Published: June 2024

Objectives

The prognostic relevance of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in gastric cancer (GC) patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment remains unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the prognostic impact of PLR in this specific patient cohort.

Methods

We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and EMBASE databases, including literature published up to September 2023, to investigate the prognostic implications of PLR in patients with gastric cancer undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Outcome measures encompassed overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rates (DCR).

Results

Nine studies from seven articles comprising 948 eligible patients were selected. The results revealed a significant correlation between elevated PLR and poorer OS and progression-free survival (PFS) (OS: HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.39–2.00, p < 0.001; PFS: HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.29–1.76, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses were performed to validate the robustness of the results. Moreover, a meta-analysis of four studies investigating the correlation between the PLR in gastric cancer (GC) patients and the objective response rate/disease control rate (ORR/DCR), showed no significant association between the PLR and ORR/DCR (ORR: RR = 1.01, p = 0.960; DCR: RR = 0.96, p = 0.319).

Conclusions

This meta-analysis indicates that elevated PLR in GC patients undergoing ICI treatment is significantly linked to worse OS and PFS. Therefore, PLR can serve as a prognostic indicator of post-treatment outcomes in patients with GC receiving ICIs. Further prospective studies are required to assess the reliability of these findings.

Systematic review registration

https://inplasy.com/, identifier INPLASY2023120103.
Near-infrared fluorescence imaging technology guided margin design in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a single-centre retrospective study
Authors: Wang Honghao , Li Tingyu , Chi Yifan , Yang Mingen , Zhao Li , Hou Jun
Published: June 2024

Objective

The margin status of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients is considered to be predictive of recurrence and long-term survival. Therefore, precise intraoperative margin assessment is crucial. This study investigated the feasibility of using near-infrared fluorescence imaging technology to guide margin design in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Methods

In this retrospective study, indocyanine green solution was intravenously injected preoperatively into patients. Intraoperatively, the surgical area was illuminated using a near-infrared fluorescence imaging system, which caused the lesion to fluoresce in the surgical area. Surgery was performed with the assistance of fluorescence imaging. The fluorescence intensity of the lesion area and surrounding normal tissue was recorded during surgery. Intraoperative margins were sent for rapid pathology, and postoperative margin pathology results were documented.

Results

Sixteen patients were included in this study (7 males, 9 females), with an average age of 65.65 ± 12.37 years. Preoperative biopsy and postoperative pathology confirmed oral squamous cell carcinoma in all patients. No cancer cells were found in the margin pathology results. The average fluorescence intensity of the lesion area was 214 ± 4.70, and that of the surrounding normal tissue was 104.63 ± 3.14. There was no significant difference in the fluorescence intensity values of the lesion areas among all patients (F=0.38, P>0.05). There was a significant difference in fluorescence intensity between the lesion area and surrounding normal tissue (t=33.76, P<0.05).

Conclusion

Near-infrared fluorescence imaging technology can aid in real-time imaging differentiation of lesion areas based on differences in fluorescence intensity during surgery. The use of this technology can assist surgeons in assessing the safety margin and reliably guide surgery.
Reporting characteristics and quality of randomized controlled trial protocols in traditional Chinese medicine: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Lin , Li Han , Hu Lihan , Ou Xiangqin , Tan Hanzhi , Zhang Xuanqi , Lau Chung Tai , Lyu Aiping , Bian Zhaoxiang , Zhang Xuan
Published: June 2024

Objectives

The impact of the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SPIRIT-TCM) Extension 2018 statement on the reporting quality of randomized controlled trial (RCT) protocols in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is not clear. This review aimed to assess the reporting characteristics and quality of RCT protocols involving interventions such as Chinese herbal medicine formulas (CHMF), acupuncture, and moxibustion published in the last 3 years.

Methods

We conducted an extensive search among multiple databases, including All EBM Reviews, Allied and Complementary Medicine (AMED), Embase, Ovid MEDLINE(R), PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov for publications in English from 1 January 2020 to 10 August 2023. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility of the publications, extracted predetermined information, and evaluated the reporting based on the SPIRIT-TCM Extension 2018 checklist.

Results

Of the 420 eligible protocols (comprising 163 studies on CHMF, 239 on acupuncture, and 18 on moxibustion), the average reporting compliance rate was only 35.4%. Approximately half of the assessed items fell into the category of poorly reported, demonstrating a compliance rate below 65%. Notably, reporting compliance in acupuncture and moxibustion interventional studies exhibited higher scores than compliance in CHMF studies.

Conclusion

Continued, concerted, and coordinated efforts are required by journals, editors, reviewers, and investigators to improve the application and promotion of the SPIRIT-TCM Extension 2018 reporting guideline.
The efficacy and safety of Gukang Capsule for primary osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trial
Authors: Wei Zhenpu , Wang Zhiqiang , Huang Yunmei , Chen Xuzheng , Sun Pan , Zhang Chutian , Zhou Fen , Lin Yanping
Published: June 2024

Background: Gukang Capsule has been used as a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for the treatment of primary osteoporosis (POP) in China. The primary aim of this study was to assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of Gukang Capsule in POP patients.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted across multiple academic databases including PubMed, Web of science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chongqing VIP Information, and Wanfang database to identify randomized controlled trials investigating the Gukang Capsule in the treatment of POP. The screening process, data extraction, and assessment of methodological quality were conducted independently by two reviewers. Statistical analysis was performed using the Rev Man 5.3 software. Subgroup analysis was carried out through the combination of OPF. Subgroup analysis was performed according to whether OPF were combined. Stata 12.0 was used for sensitivity and bias analysis.

Results: Nineteen studies were assessed that included 1804 participants. It was found that compared with the control group, the total effective rate (RR = 1.26, 95% CI, 1.20, 1.33), the Medical Outcomes Study Short-form 36 [RR = 1.26, 95% CI(1.20, 1.33)], the bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar vertebra (SMD = 0.77, 95% CI, 0.48, 1.07), the BMD of femoral neck [SMD = 0.84, 95% CI(0.53, 1.14)], and the BMD of Ward’s triangle (SMD = 0.64, 95% CI, 0.44, 0.85) of the Gukang Capsule experimental group were higher. Compared with the control group, the fracture healing time (SMD = −2.14, 95% CI, −2.45, −1.84), the bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) levels in serum (SMD = −2.00, 95% CI, −2.83, −1.17), the tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b) levels in serum (SMD = −2.58, 95% CI, −3.87, −1.29) of the Gukang Capsule experimental group were lower. The bone glaprotein (BGP) levels in serum (SMD = −0.22, 95% CI, −1.86, 1.43) and the adverse events (RR = 0.80, 95% CI, 0.40, 1.63) of the experimental group and the control group have no difference.

Conclusion: Gukang Capsule, as a CAM for the management of POP, exhibits the potential to enhance BMD and quality of life, expedite the healing time of OPF, diminish levels of BALP and TRACP-5b, and improve the total effective rate without increasing the adverse events.

Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023477774, PROSPERO CRD42023477774.
Adverse drug reactions in neonates: a brief analysis of the FDA adverse event reporting system
Authors: Byskov Pernille Kähler , Baden Christoffer Storm , Andersen Jon Trærup , Jimenez-Solem Espen , Olsen Ramus Huan , Gade Christina , Lausten-Thomsen Ulrik
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Drug trials in neonates are scarce, and the neonates may consequently be at risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Spontaneous ADR reporting is an important tool for expanding the knowledge on drug safety in neonates. This study explores the quality of current neonatal ADR reports and the ADR reports of the most common drugs used in neonatal departments.

Methods

An observational cross-sectional study focused on neonates was conducted using data on spontaneous reports extracted from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) from the third quarter of 2014 up to December 2022. Only the primary suspect drugs given to neonates or subjects aged <30 days were included in the analysis.

Results

Spontaneous reports from 13 million patients of all ages, totaling 50 million ADRs, were evaluated. Information regarding the age was missing in 40% of the reports, and data on 43,737 neonates with 948 different suspected drugs were identified and included in the analysis. We report the frequency of spontaneous ADR reports in the FAERS database for the ten most frequently administered drugs in neonatal intensive care units in the USA.

Conclusion

Overall, neonatal ADRs are still underreported. The FAERS database in its current form discriminates insufficiently between prenatal and postnatal drug exposures. Hence, improved neonatal pharmacovigilance systems are urgently needed.
Bioactives of the essential oil from the leaves of Eugenia pyriformis Cambess (Myrtaceae) on the effects of tobacco
Authors: de Medeiros Jaqueline Pavelegini , Rodrigues Selma Alves , Sakumoto Karina , Ruiz Suelen Pereira , Faria Maria Graciela Iecher , Gonçalves José Eduardo , Piau Junior Ranulfo , Glamočlija Jasmina , Soković Marina , Gonçalves Daniela Dib , Mandim Filipa , Barros Lillian , Gazim Zilda Cristiani
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed and the main cause of cancer death, usually related to cigarette smoking. Furthermore, the microbiota of people exposed to cigarette smoke can be modified, making it difficult to eliminate opportunistic microorganisms. The leaves of Eugenia pyriformis are a by-product of fruit production and, to date, there have been no studies addressing the antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities.

Objective

Investigate the antimicrobial, Nitric Oxide (NO)-production inhibition, and antiproliferative activities of the essential oil from E. pyriformis leaves and its possible effect on the treatment and prevention of damage caused by tobacco.

Methods

The essential oil (EO) was obtained by hydrodistillation (3 h). Its chemical composition was investigated by GC-MS. It was proposed to investigate antiproliferative activity against human tumor cell lines, namely, breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), lung (NCI-H460), cervical (HeLa), and hepatocellular (HepG2) carcinomas. A non-tumor primary culture from pig liver (PLP2) was also tested. The EO capacity to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production was evaluated by a lipopolysaccharide stimulated murine macrophage cell line. Antibacterial and antifungal activities against opportunistic pathogens were investigated against seven strains of bacteria and eight fungi.

Results

The results indicated the presence of 23 compounds in the essential oil, the majority were spathulenol (45.63%) and β-caryophyllene oxide (12.72%). Leaf EO provided 50% inhibition of nitric oxide production at a concentration of 92.04 µg mL−1. The EO also demonstrated antiproliferative activity against all human tumor cell lines studied, with GI50 values comprised between 270.86 and 337.25 µg mL−1. The essential oil showed antimicrobial potential against the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes (Murray et al.) Pirie (NCTC 7973) and Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 13311 (MIC 1870 µg mL−1) and fungi Aspergillus versicolor ATCC 11730, Aspergillus ochraceus ATCC 12066, Penicillium ochrochloron ATCC 90288, Penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium (Westling) Samson, Stolk & Hadlok (food isolate) (MIC 1870 µg mL−1) and Trichoderma viride Pers. IAM 5061 (1,400 µg mL–1).

Conclusion

The demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antimicrobial activities in the leaves of E. pyriformis can add value to the production chain of this plant, being a possible option for preventing and combating cancer, including lung cancer.
Pulsed electric field performance calculator tool based on an in vitro human cardiac model
Authors: Casciola Maura , Kaboudian Abouzar , Feaster Tromondae K. , Narkar Akshay , Blinova Ksenia
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Pulsed Field Ablation (PFA) is a novel non-thermal method for cardiac ablation, relying on irreversible electroporation induced by high-energy pulsed electric fields (PEFs) to create localized lesions in the heart atria. A significant challenge in optimizing PFA treatments is determining the lethal electric field threshold (EFT), which governs ablation volume and varies with PEF waveform parameters. However, the proprietary nature of device developer’s waveform characteristics and the lack of standardized nonclinical testing methods have left optimal EFTs for cardiac ablation uncertain.

Methods

To address this gap, we introduced a laboratory protocol employing human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) in monolayer format to evaluate the impact of a range of clinically relevant biphasic pulse parameters on lethal EFT and adiabatic heating (AH). Cell death areas were assessed using fluorescent dyes and confocal microscopy, while lethal EFTs were quantified through comparison with electric field numerical simulations.

Results and conclusion

Our study confirmed a strong correlation between cell death in hiPSC-CMs and the number and duration of pulses in each train, with pulse repetition frequency exerting a comparatively weaker influence. Fitting of these results through machine learning algorithms were used to develop an open-source online calculator. By estimating lethal EFT and associated temperature increases for diverse pulse parameter combinations, this tool, once validated, has the potential to significantly reduce reliance on animal models during early-stage device de-risking and performance assessment. This tool also offers a promising avenue for advancing PFA technology for cardiac ablation medical devices to enhance patient outcomes.
Validity and reliability of a wearable blood flow restriction training device for arterial occlusion pressure assessment
Authors: Zhang Wei-Yang , Zhuang Shu-Can , Chen Yuan-Ming , Wang Hao-Nan
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The blood flow restriction (BFR) training is an effective approach to promoting muscle strength, muscle hypertrophy, and regulating the peripheral vascular system. It is recommended to use to the percentage of individual arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) to ensure safety and effectiveness. The gold standard method for assessing arterial occlusive disease is typically measured using Doppler ultrasound. However, its high cost and limited accessibility restrict its use in clinical and practical applications. A novel wearable BFR training device (Airbands) with automatic AOP assessment provides an alternative solution. This study aims to examine the reliability and validity of the wearable BFR training device.

Methods

Ninety-two participants (46 female and 46 male) were recruited for this study. Participants were positioned in the supine position with the wearable BFR training device placed on the proximal portion of the right thigh. AOP was measured automatically by the software program and manually by gradually increasing the pressure until the pulse was no longer detected by color Doppler ultrasound, respectively. Validity, inter-rater reliability, and test-retest reliability were assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis.

Results

The wearable BFR training device demonstrated good validity (ICC = 0.85, mean difference = 4.1 ± 13.8 mmHg [95% CI: −23.0 to 31.2]), excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.97, mean difference = −1.4 ± 6.7 mmHg [95% CI: −14.4 to 11.7]), and excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.94, mean difference = 0.6 ± 8.6 mmHg [95% CI: −16.3 to 17.5]) for the assessment of AOP. These results were robust in both male and female subgroups.

Conclusion

The wearable BFR training device can be used as a valid and reliable tool to assess the AOP of the lower limb in the supine position during BFR training.
Unlocking the nutritional potential of chickpea: strategies for biofortification and enhanced multinutrient quality
Authors: Jha Uday Chand , Nayyar Harsh , Thudi Mahender , Beena Radha , Vara Prasad P. V. , Siddique Kadambot H. M.
Published: June 2024

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a vital grain legume, offering an excellent balance of protein, carbohydrates, fats, fiber, essential micronutrients, and vitamins that can contribute to addressing the global population’s increasing food and nutritional demands. Chickpea protein offers a balanced source of amino acids with high bioavailability. Moreover, due to its balanced nutrients and affordable price, chickpea is an excellent alternative to animal protein, offering a formidable tool for combating hidden hunger and malnutrition, particularly prevalent in low-income countries. This review examines chickpea’s nutritional profile, encompassing protein, amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, micronutrients, vitamins, antioxidant properties, and bioactive compounds of significance in health and pharmaceutical domains. Emphasis is placed on incorporating chickpeas into diets for their myriad health benefits and nutritional richness, aimed at enhancing human protein and micronutrient nutrition. We discuss advances in plant breeding and genomics that have facilitated the discovery of diverse genotypes and key genomic variants/regions/quantitative trait loci contributing to enhanced macro- and micronutrient contents and other quality parameters. Furthermore, we explore the potential of innovative breeding tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 in enhancing chickpea’s nutritional profile. Envisioning chickpea as a nutritionally smart crop, we endeavor to safeguard food security, combat hunger and malnutrition, and promote dietary diversity within sustainable agrifood systems.
Historical spread routes of wild walnuts in Central Asia shaped by man-made and nature
Authors: Li Xuerong , Wang Xiyong , Zhang Daoyuan , Huang Junhua , Shi Wei , Wang Jiancheng
Published: June 2024

Walnuts have substantial economic value and are of significant interest being a wild-cultivated species. The study has re-sequenced the entire genome of the wild walnut, aligning it with the walnut reference genome, to identify 2,021,717 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These were used to examine the genetics of 130 wild walnut samples collected from three countries. Utilizing structural and principal component analysis, the walnut samples from Central Asia were classified into four populations: Ili ah in Xinjiang (I), Dushanbe region in Tajikistan (II), Sary-Chelek, Arslanbob in Kara-Alma regions of Kyrgyzstan (III), and Kok-Tundy region of Kyrgyzstan (IV). The 4 groups showed large differences in nucleotide diversity, population differentiation, and linkage disequilibrium decay, as well as gene flow among them. The present geographic distribution of these populations does not align with the genetic distribution pattern as the populations of Central Asian wild walnuts have experienced similar population dynamics in the past, i.e., the highest effective population size at ca. 6 Ma, two sharp population declines at 6 and 0.2 Ma, and convergence at ca. 0.2 Ma. The genetic distribution patterns are better explained by human activity, notably through archaeological findings of walnut use and the influence of the Silk Road, rather than by current geographic distributions.
BASIC PENTACYSTEINE1 regulates ABI4 by modification of two histone marks H3K27me3 and H3ac during early seed development of Medicago truncatula
Authors: Dang Thi Thu , Lalanne David , Ly Vu Joseph , Ly Vu Benoit , Defaye Johan , Verdier Jerome , Leprince Olivier , Buitink Julia
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The production of highly vigorous seeds with high longevity is an important lever to increase crop production efficiency, but its acquisition during seed maturation is strongly influenced by the growth environment.

Methods

An association rule learning approach discovered MtABI4, a known longevity regulator, as a gene with transcript levels associated with the environmentally-induced change in longevity. To understand the environmental sensitivity of MtABI4 transcription, Yeast One-Hybrid identified a class I BASIC PENTACYSTEINE (MtBPC1) transcription factor as a putative upstream regulator. Its role in the regulation of MtABI4 was further characterized.

Results and discussion

Overexpression of MtBPC1 led to a modulation of MtABI4 transcripts and its downstream targets. We show that MtBPC1 represses MtABI4 transcription at the early stage of seed development through binding in the CT-rich motif in its promoter region. To achieve this, MtBPC1 interacts with SWINGER, a sub-unit of the PRC2 complex, and Sin3-associated peptide 18, a sub-unit of the Sin3-like deacetylation complex. Consistent with this, developmental and heat stress-induced changes in MtABI4 transcript levels correlated with H3K27me3 and H3ac enrichment in the MtABI4 promoter. Our finding reveals the importance of the combination of histone methylation and histone de-acetylation to silence MtABI4 at the early stage of seed development and during heat stress.
Enigmatic role of auxin response factors in plant growth and stress tolerance
Authors: Liu Ling , Yahaya Baba Salifu , Li Jing , Wu Fengkai
Published: June 2024

Abiotic and biotic stresses globally constrain plant growth and impede the optimization of crop productivity. The phytohormone auxin is involved in nearly every aspect of plant development. Auxin acts as a chemical messenger that influences gene expression through a short nuclear pathway, mediated by a family of specific DNA-binding transcription factors known as Auxin Response Factors (ARFs). ARFs thus act as effectors of auxin response and translate chemical signals into the regulation of auxin responsive genes. Since the initial discovery of the first ARF in Arabidopsis, advancements in genetics, biochemistry, genomics, and structural biology have facilitated the development of models elucidating ARF action and their contributions to generating specific auxin responses. Yet, significant gaps persist in our understanding of ARF transcription factors despite these endeavors. Unraveling the functional roles of ARFs in regulating stress response, alongside elucidating their genetic and molecular mechanisms, is still in its nascent phase. Here, we review recent research outcomes on ARFs, detailing their involvement in regulating leaf, flower, and root organogenesis and development, as well as stress responses and their corresponding regulatory mechanisms: including gene expression patterns, functional characterization, transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post- translational regulation across diverse stress conditions. Furthermore, we delineate unresolved questions and forthcoming challenges in ARF research.
Including marker x environment interactions improves genomic prediction in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)
Authors: Skøt Leif , Nay Michelle M. , Grieder Christoph , Frey Lea A. , Pégard Marie , Öhlund Linda , Amdahl Helga , Radovic Jasmina , Jaluvka Libor , Palmé Anna , Ruttink Tom , Lloyd David , Howarth Catherine J. , Kölliker Roland
Published: June 2024

Genomic prediction has mostly been used in single environment contexts, largely ignoring genotype x environment interaction, which greatly affects the performance of plants. However, in the last decade, prediction models including marker x environment (MxE) interaction have been developed. We evaluated the potential of genomic prediction in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) using field trial data from five European locations, obtained in the Horizon 2020 EUCLEG project. Three models were compared: (1) single environment (SingleEnv), (2) across environment (AcrossEnv), (3) marker x environment interaction (MxE). Annual dry matter yield (DMY) gave the highest predictive ability (PA). Joint analyses of DMY from years 1 and 2 from each location varied from 0.87 in Britain and Switzerland in year 1, to 0.40 in Serbia in year 2. Overall, crude protein (CP) was predicted poorly. PAs for date of flowering (DOF), however ranged from 0.87 to 0.67 for Britain and Switzerland, respectively. Across the three traits, the MxE model performed best and the AcrossEnv worst, demonstrating that including marker x environment effects can improve genomic prediction in red clover. Leaving out accessions from specific regions or from specific breeders’ material in the cross validation tended to reduce PA, but the magnitude of reduction depended on trait, region and breeders’ material, indicating that population structure contributed to the high PAs observed for DMY and DOF. Testing the genomic estimated breeding values on new phenotypic data from Sweden showed that DMY training data from Britain gave high PAs in both years (0.43–0.76), while DMY training data from Switzerland gave high PAs only for year 1 (0.70–0.87). The genomic predictions we report here underline the potential benefits of incorporating MxE interaction in multi-environment trials and could have perspectives for identifying markers with effects that are stable across environments, and markers with environment-specific effects.
Root growth characteristics and antioxidant system of Suaeda salsa in response to the short-term nitrogen and phosphorus addition in the Yellow River Delta
Authors: Ma Jinzhao , Xin Xin , Cao Yu , Zhao Liying , Zhang Zehao , Zhang Dongjie , Fu Zhanyong , Sun Jingkuan
Published: June 2024

Human activities have increased nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs to the Yellow River Delta and the supply level of N and P affects plant growth as well as ecosystem structure and function directly. However, the root growth, stoichiometry, and antioxidant system of plants in response to N and P additions, especially for herbaceous halophyte in the Yellow River Delta (YRD), remain unknown. A field experiment with N addition (0, 5, 15, and 45 g N m-2 yr-1, respectively) as the main plot, and P addition (0 and 1 g N m-2 yr-1, respectively) as the subplot, was carried out with a split-plot design to investigate the effects on the root morphology, stoichiometry, and antioxidant system of Suaeda salsa. The results showed that N addition significantly increased the above-ground and root biomass as well as shoot-root ratio of S. salsa, which had a significant interaction with P addition. The highest biomass was found in the treatment with 45 g N m-2 yr-1 combined with P addition. N addition significantly increased TN content and decreased C:N ratio of root, while P addition significantly increased TP content and decreased C:P ratio. The main root length (MRL), total root length (TRL), specific root length (SRL), and root tissue density (RTD) of S. salsa root were significantly affected by N addition and P addition, as well as their interaction. The treatments with or without P addition at the 45 g N m-2 yr-1 of N addition significantly increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) activities and soluble protein content of roots, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content. And there was a significant interaction between the N and P addition on SOD activity. Therefore, N and P additions could improve the growth of S. salsa by altering the root morphology, increasing the root nutrient content, and stimulating antioxidant system.
Why not XY? Male monoecious sexual phenotypes challenge the female monoecious paradigm in Cannabis sativa L.
Authors: Garcia-de Heer Lennard , Mieog Jos , Burn Adam , Kretzschmar Tobias
Published: June 2024

Monoecy in Cannabis sativa L. has long been considered an industrially important trait due to the increased uniformity it offers and was thought to be exclusively associated with XX females. The isolation and characterisation of a monoecious individual with XY chromosomes sourced from non-proprietary germplasm is reported for the first time. The chromosomal make up of this trait was confirmed through inflorescence structure, growth habit, PCR analysis and sexual phenotypes of progeny from a series of targeted crosses. The identification of an XY monoecious phenotype widens our understanding of monoecy in Cannabis and has important implications for breeding, particularly for producing F1-hybrid seed.
Analyzing the rhetoric of contemporary BSMRSTU student movements: manifestations and social implications in Gopalganj, Bangladesh
Authors: Kalam Abul , Al-Mamun Md.
Published: June 2024

Background

The rich tapestry of student politics and movements in Bangladesh is marked by a history of significant contributions to the country's sociopolitical landscape. This study was prompted by a keen interest in exploring the dynamics of contemporary student movements at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University (BSMRSTU), Gopalganj, and their interplay with the broader sociopolitical climate of Bangladesh. A critical examination of these movements reveals a complex web of motivations, strategies, and outcomes that both mirror and influence national sociopolitical dialogues.

Methods

Employing qualitative research methods, including in-depth interviews (IDI) with 26 individuals directly affected by the culture and mechanics of these movements, this study uncovers the nuanced ways in which student activism at BSMRSTU mobilizes cultural ideologies toward societal change. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were utilized to select participants, revealing that the rhetoric of movements—framed around justice, rights, equality, and reform—plays a crucial role in recruiting and energizing participants.

Results

However, this investigation also highlights a darker facet of these movements: the destructive consequences of specific actions, such as property damage, which not only impact the immediate community but also fuel further unrest. The prevalence of movements centered on themes of injustice underscores the urgent need for both governmental and academic institutions to engage more constructively with student concerns. Addressing this gap requires a nuanced understanding of the motivations behind student movements and a commitment to implementing policies that nurture a culture of dialogue and reform.

Conclusion

This study, therefore, problematizes the contemporary student movements at BSMRSTU by questioning the balance between activism and the potential for unintended consequences, urging a reevaluation of how such movements are perceived and managed in the context of Bangladesh's evolving sociopolitical milieu. For harmful movement culture in academia to be prevented, government and university authorities must take student movements seriously and implement policies and strong norms.