bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Peer Instruction on Academic Achievements and Creative Thinking Skills of College Students
Authors: Bulut Birol
Published: August 2019

In the context that it was scrutinized in the present study, peer instruction was initially developed by Eric Mazur, a physicist. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of peer instruction method on academic achievements and creative thinking skills of the students. The study was conducted with the pre-test-posttest control group method, a quasi-experimental design, which was defined as a two-factor mixed design. The study was conducted with sophomore students attending Firat University (FU), Faculty of Education, Social Studies Teaching Department in Turkey during the 2018-2019 academic year spring semester. The experiment (N = 30) and control (N = 30) groups were determined with convenience sampling (a non-random sampling method). Present study findings demonstrated that peer instruction method improved the achievement and creative thinking skill levels of the students. However, it was observed that the method was more effective on course achievement.
Alpha Adjacency: A generalization of adjacency matrices
Authors: Hudelson Matt , McDonald Judi , Wendler Enzo
Published: August 2019

B. Shader and W. So introduced the idea of the skew adjacency matrix. Their idea was to give an orientation to a simple undirected graph G from which a skew adjacency matrix S(G) is created. The -adjacency matrix extends this idea to an arbitrary field F. To study the underlying undirected graph, the average -characteristic polynomial can be created by averaging the characteristic polynomials over all the possible orientations. In particular, a Harary-Sachs theorem for the average-characteristic polynomial is derived and used to determine a few features of the graph from the average-characteristic polynomial.
Computer Assisted Thermal Complexation Studies of Vanadium with Benzodiazepine Drugs
Authors: Sharma N. , Vashistha V.K. , Sharma U.R.
Published: August 2019

The complexing tendency of vanadium with nifoxipam and lorazepam were carried out by pH metric titration technique in aqueous acid media at different temperatures (298, 308 and 318 K) and an ionic strength of 0.2 M. The degree of complexation was investigated at different pH values. Potentionmetric measurement of hydrogen ion concentration was also studied with the degree of complex formation. The proton-ligand and metal-ligand stability constants were resolved by modified Calvin-Bjerrum pH titration technique (Irving and Rossitti) using computer programming. The important thermodynamic parameters such as Gibb's free energy change (ΔG), entropy change (ΔS) and enthalpy change (ΔH) for the complexation reactions were calculated. The formation of metal complexes was found to be spontaneous, exothermic and conducive in nature at lower temperatures.
Simple Protocol for the Knoevenagel Condensation Under Solvent
Free Conditions using Tungstophosphoric Acid as Catalyst
Authors: Alharthi Abdulrahman I.
Published: August 2019

The effect of calcination on the performance of tungstophosphoric acid for the product of Knoevenagel condensation was investigated. Substituted aldehydes and dimedone has been used in the presence of calcined tungstophosphoric acid as a heterogeneous catalyst using grinding method at room temperature. The results of reactions revealed that calcined tungstophosphoric acid has superior catalytic activity comparing to non-calcined catalyst in terms of yield and reaction time. Maximum yield of model compound was achieved by using 10 mol% of calcined catalyst in a reaction time that does not exceed
10 min, whereas the yield at same amount of non-calcined catalyst was 86 % in a reaction time of 35 min.
Antimicrobial Activity of Cu(II) and Fe(III) with Pyridine Complexes as
Ligands Contrary to Clinical Strains of Bacteria and Fungi Species
Authors: Islam Faridul , Al Foisal Jannat , Rahman Mahbubur , Islam Md Zahidul , Mimi Mst. Afsana , Habib Rasel , Hossain Md. Amran , Chowdhury Likson , Bhattacharjee Sreebash Chandra , Cui Daxiang
Published: August 2019

In this study, green coloured Cu(II) and red coloured Fe(III) complexes of pyridine were prepared and the elemental characterization confirmed their composition. The pyridine complexes of Cu(II) and Fe(III) were found very interesting and attractive as potential candidates with antimicrobial activity. Along with this, melting point, molar conductivity measurement, magnetic moment determination, electronic and FTIR spectroscopy were also measured to characterize the prepared complexes. Pyridine acts as monodentate which resulted in formation of square planar and octahedral structure of Cu(II) and Fe(III) complexes, respectively with the nitrogen atom pyridine ring by coordination bond. For
antimicrobial activity studies Alternaria alternata, Bacillus cerelus, Botrgodiplodia theobromal, Colletotrichums corcolei, Escherichia coli, Fusarium equiseti, Macrophomina phaseolina, Salmonell typhi and Shigella dysenteriae were used. The prepared complexes showed inhibition against mycelial growth. Although the complexes showed satisfactory inhibition against the tested bacteria and fungi
species, both of the complexes were comparatively better against bacteria than fungi compared to ligand.
Simultaneous Removal of Dyes Colour and Cu(II) Metal
Ions using Acetone-Formaldehyde-Salicyclic Acid Resin
Authors: Patel Vihar , Patel Akshit A. , Dixit Bharat , Dixit Ritu
Published: August 2019

Removal of dyes colour and Cu(II) metal ion from aqueous solution using acetone-formaldehyde-salicyclic acid (AFSA) resin has been carried out. The results revealed that
AFSA resin acts as a cheap substitute to commercial adsorbent like activated carbons. The effects of pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, and initial dye and Cu(II) metal ion concentration on the adsorption efficiencies were investigated. Isotherm studies were conducted using Langmuir and Freundlich models, and thermodynamic studies were also performed. Adsorption of dyes was found to obey the Langmuir isotherm model and have endothermic process. The maximum adsorption capacities calculated from the Langmuir isotherm were found to be 88.18 and 2.9 mg/g for methyl orange dyes
Thermal and Electrical Transport Properties of o-Substituted Polyanilines Encapsulated with CuO Nanoparticles
Authors: Suganthi R. , Mary S. Jhancy
Published: August 2019

Fabrication of substituted polyaniline nanocomposites with CuO results in hybrid materials with enhanced synergistic properties. Hence poly(2-chloroaniline)-composite-CuO, poly(2-chloroaniline)-composite-CuO/SDS, poly(2-methoxyaniline)-composite-CuO/SDS and poly(2-methylaniline)-composite-CuO/SDS nanocomposites were prepared chemically by in situ oxidative polymerization method. Characterization by a number of techniques such as FTIR, NMR and UV-visible spectroscopic methods, XRD and TEM are presented. The substituted polymers exhibited an appreciable interaction with the CuO (5 wt.%) nano fillers. Integral Procedural Decomposition Temperature (IPDT) and Oxidative Index(OI) calculations were done to establish the stability to heat. Thermal stability of the materials follows the trend p2ClAni-CuO-SDS > p2ClAni-CuO> p2MeAni-CuO-SDS> p2OMeAni-CuO-SDS. The electrical conductivities of poly(2-chloroaniline)-composite-CuO and poly(2-chloroaniline)-composite-CuO/SDS measured are 1.46 × 10-7 and 1.59 × 10-7 S cm-1, respectively and the presence of anionic surfactant does not change the electrical conductivity behaviour. The poly(2-methoxyaniline)/CuO-SDS and poly(2-methylaniline)/CuO-SDS exhibit an electrical conductivity of 1.68 × 10-6 and 1.24 × 10-6 S cm-1 respectively. The dielectric constant decreased with increase in frequency in the low frequency region due to electrical relaxation process. At low frequency there was a strong frequency dispersion of permittivity and above 2.5 Hz a frequency independent behavior was noted
Synthesis and Spectral Investigations of Polymeric Hydrazone Schiff Base and its Transition Metal Complexes with Promising Antimicrobial, Anti-Angeogenic and DNA Photo-Cleavage Activities
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Rani Anita , Tuli Hardeep Singh , Khare Rajshree , Parkash Vinit
Published: August 2019

This report describes the synthesis and exploration of novel Schiff base ligand in the form of a polymer (heptamer) which was prepared by reaction between 3,4-diacetyl-2,5-hexanedione and hydrazine hydrate in ethanol. On further reaction of Schiff base with transition metals ions (Co and Cu) leads to formation of its transition metal complexes. The structural identification of Schiff base ligand and its transition metal complexes were characterized by classical structural techniques like FT-IR, NMR and mass spectra. The free ligand and its transition metal complexes have been screened for in vitro biological activities against various strains of bacteria and fungi. The prepared Schiff base and its metal complexes were also screened for antiangiogenic activity. The results have shown the remarkable antimicrobial and antiangiogenic activities of the Schiff base and its metal complexes.
Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Antiproliferative
Activities of Ru(II) Complexes of Substituted Benzimidazoles
Authors: Singh Ashok K. , Katheria Snehlata , Kumar Amrendra , Zafri Asiff , Arshad Mohd.
Published: August 2019

Synthesis of [Ru(PPh3)2(BZM)2Cl2] (BZM= LS1, LS2, LS3, LS4 and LS5) where
LS1=(1H-benzo[d] imidazole-2-yl)methanethiol, LS2 = 2-(4-bromobutyl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazole, LS3= 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole, LS4 = 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole and LS5= 4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)aniline (BZM = benzimidazoles, PPh3 = triphenylphosphine) and metal complexes as MR, [ Ru (PPh3)4Cl2], MLS1, MLS2, MLS3, MLS4 and MLS5 for use as potential anticancer compounds have been investigated. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, multinuclear NMR, UV-visible and ESI-MS spectroscopic techniques. The geometries
of all complexes have been optimized by using density functional theory (DFT). The cytotoxicity effects of MR, MLS2 and LS1 were also investigated on Human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa) by MTT assay, ROS generation and nuclear apoptosis assay. The percent cell viability assessed by MTT assay suggested that the synthesized MR, MLS2 and LS1 significantly reduce the viability of HeLa cells, in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) of MR, MLS2 and LS1 against HeLa cells was found 90.8, 81.8 and 115 μM, respectively. These compounds also induced the over production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as the condensed and fragmented
nucleus, which supports the molecular mechanism of cell death by apoptosis. The investigations suggested that the compounds MR, MLS2 and LS1 induce the cell death in HeLa cells through apoptotic pathway.
Crystal Structure and Electrochemical Property of Tetrazole Complex of Copper [Cu(pta)2(NO3)2(H2O)2] (pta = 1-Phenyl-1H-tetrazole)
Authors: Liu E. , Jian Fangfang
Published: August 2019

A new compound, [Cu(pta)2(NO3)2(H2O)2] (pta = 1-phenyl-1H-tetrazole) has been synthesized and characterized by IR, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffractions. X-ray structural analysis reveals that each Cu atom is coordinated by two pta molecules, two nitrate ions and two water molecules to form octahedral coordination geometry. O(1w) atoms of the water molecules serve as H-donor to interact with the nitrate oxygen atoms O(2), O(3) (H-acceptor) and form 1D hydrogen-bond ladder chains. These chains then, construct a 2D network layer via π-π stacking interactions between the
five-membered ring of tetrazole and the six-membered ring of benzene. The 3D framework was constructed through the hydrogen bonds of C(7)-H(7A)····O(3). The behaviour of cyclic voltammetry of the compound on three-electrode cell showed an irreversible process.
Multiple Esophageal Squamous Papillomas
Authors: Makise Satoshi , Hiraka Kiyohisa , Watanabe Hirofumi , Atsumi Kazushige , Inoue Kimiyo , Miyajima Kimitaka , Makisumi Kenji , Mizushima Akira , Sasaguri Takakazu , Tsurumaru Daisuke , Honda Hiroshi
Published: August 2019

We report a rare case of multiple esophageal squamous papillomas (ESPs). A 42-year-old man underwent a medical examination, and abnormalities of multiple elevated lesions were noted using a esophagogastroduodenoscope. He underwent upper gastrointestinal tract radiography with an orally ingested barium sulfate and gastrointestinal endoscopy, which revealed multiple elevated lesions in the esophagus, predominantly on the distal esophagus. We performed an endoscopic esophageal mucosal resection using a cap-fitted esophagogastroduodenoscope to obtain sufficient specimens. Based on the pathological findings, we diagnosed multiple ESPs. Although single ESPs or a few ESPs in a patient are often encountered, multiple ESP cases are rare.
Museu da inconfidência e as marcas da educação nos livros de visitantes (1945-1965)
Authors: Dos Anjos do Carmo Betânia , Hamdan Juliana Cesário , Areal de Carvalho Rosana
Published: August 2019

Este artigo se originou de uma pesquisa, cujo principal objetivo foi o de identificar, quantificar e analisar, no Museu da Inconfidência, localizado na cidade de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, a presença de sujeitos auto declarados escolares. Para isso, foram utilizados como fontes, cartas e ofícios encaminhados por professores e diretores de escolas, direcionados aos diretores do Museu, e os livros com as assinaturas dos visitantes, fontes privilegiadas nesta pesquisa. Trata-se de uma fonte original ainda pouco explorada pelas pesquisas no campo da História e da História da Educação. O período definido para este estudo compreendeu os anos de 1945, quando o museu foi inaugurado, e 1965, quando se iniciou uma nova fase política, com a instauração da ditadura, em que se observa modificações nos discursos culturais, de forma geral, e educacionais, de forma particular. As análises foram feitas a partir dos levantamentos quantitativos dos visitantes autodeclarados estudantes e professores, ou ligados a instituições de ensino. Observou-se a predominância de um maior número de visitantes ligados a instituições particulares e religiosas, e um registro significativo de visitantes de escolas militares, enquanto a presença de sujeitos ligados à escola pública, mesmo as geograficamente próximas, foi bem rarefeita.
O poder republicano em Minas Gerais e a instrução pública: entre a revolução passiva, o transformismo e a pequena política
Authors: De Mari Cezar Luiz , De Sousa e Silva Filho Licínio
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo é resultado de pesquisa com foco nos primeiros anos da República em Minas Gerais. O objetivo da investigação foi demonstrar que a instrução pública em Minas Gerais foi conduzida pelas oligarquias regionais e locais, mantendo-a nos limites estreitos dos seus interesses. Serviram de base empírica documentos do Arquivo Público Mineiro e estudos de especialistas da história da educação republicana brasileira. Para a análise, nos guiamos preferencialmente pelos conceitos de revolução passiva, transformismo e pequena política de Antonio Gramsci.
Representações do jovem Anísio Teixeira sobre a Europa e suas escolas (1925)
Authors: Pedrosa José Geraldo , De Oliveira Silva Reisla Suelen
Published: August 2019

A inclinação definitiva de Anísio Teixeira pela educação pública amadureceu entre 1924 e 1929 quando uma série de experiências lhe sucedem, dentre as quais uma viagem à Europa (1925) tendo padres jesuítas como companhia. A questão do artigo é analisar o impacto que essa viagem, com duração de quatro meses, teria tido na inclinação definitiva de Teixeira para educação pública. O material empírico da pesquisa que deu origem ao artigo foi constituído por relatos pessoais produzidos por Anísio Teixeira durante a viagem e a partir dela. Representação social foi a referência conceitual e de método que norteou a pesquisa. Os estudos sobre representação social visam a identificar a representação do sujeito sobre algo, numa determinada circunstância ou contexto. Preocupou-se, portanto, em definir o que fosse o objeto de uma possível representação e, igualmente, em que circunstâncias sociais e culturais essa representação foi construída.
Escola mista? Coeducação? Um desafio histórico para a educação de meninos e meninas
Authors: Rodrigues Augusto Carra Patrícia
Published: August 2019

O artigo traça um panorama da educação feminina no Brasil, apresenta fatores que levaram a paisagem escolar brasileira ser majoritariamente mista, discutindo o conceito de escola mista e escolarização diferenciada por sexo. Foi produzido com base em levantamento bibliográfico das áreas História da Educação, Sociologia e História prioritariamente. Constata que escola mista não significa a oferta de uma escolarização não diferenciada por sexo e reflete sobre a possibilidade de o ambiente escolar constituir-se como um espaço contributivo para a igualdade de gêneros. O texto infere a importância de um olhar atento para o sistema educacional e suas diferentes instâncias e para sujeitos que frequentam os ambientes educativos. Refletir sobre a importância de uma educação igualitária exige, entre outros fatores, pensar sobre a instrução disponibilizada (ou não) para homens e mulheres ao longo do tempo, nesse sentido, a História da Educação é espaço de grande importância.
Apresentação
Authors: Luchese Terciane Ângela , Barausse Alberto
Published: August 2019

A Itália, assim como Alemanha, Polônia e Espanha, para mencionar apenas alguns europeus, se constituíram em países de emigração e o Brasil de imigração, acentuadamente entre meados do século XIX e primeiras décadas do século XX.
“Una impronta di italianitá”: os livros didáticos para as escolas étnicas italianas no Brasil entre o liberalismo e o fascismo
Authors: Barausse Alberto
Published: August 2019

Este artigo pretende investigar o processo histórico das políticas de produção dos livros escolares adotadas pela classe dirigente italiana para as escolas no exterior a fim de oferecer uma contribuição para o entendimento das dinâmicas e complexas ações que têm caracterizado e acompanhado o desenvolvimento da escolarização e dos processos culturais e formativos, sobretudo identitários, dos colonos italianos no Brasil, entre a segunda metade do século XIX e a fim dos anos 30, do século XX.  Os livros didáticos foram, desde o começo da experiência da unificação italiana, um instrumento fundamental para as classes dirigentes italianas que tinham por finalidade modernizar e, sobretudo, homogeneizar e uniformizar o ensino nas escolas em sentido nacional. No curso das décadas seguintes, a produção e a circulação dos livros didáticos aumentaram significativamente também em relação ao desenvolvimento das publicações escolares. A questão assumiu uma grande importância também quando os governos italianos promoveram uma nova política de expansão colonial e de emigração de massa para o exterior. Após a aprovação da lei com a qual o governo Crispi, no ano 1889, instituiu o sistema das escolas italianas coloniais e subsidiadas, se colocou o problema de quais livros didáticos introduzir nos países que recebiam emigrantes italianos e quais características os mesmos deveriam ter. O artigo enfatiza o processo de continuidade e descontinuidade das políticas e da produção de libros didáticos introduzidos nas escolas italianas no exterior e no Brasil, em específico até a ascensão do fascismo para fomentar diferentes ideias de italianidade.
O ethos do trabalho nas páginas de periódicos educacionais brasileiros: trabalhos manuais como signo da modernização pedagógica (1906 – 1934)
Authors: Taborda de Oliveira Marcus Aurelio
Published: August 2019

O artigo discute a presença dos Trabalhos Manuais em duas revistas brasileiras: A Escola, publicada entre 1906 e 1921 no Estado do Paraná, e a Revista do Ensino, publicada a partir de 1925, no Estado de Minas Gerais, além de destacar o livro didático Trabalhos Manuais Escolares, de Manoel Penna, produzido em Minas Gerais, em 1934. Para além das preocupações com a formação de mão de obra para o trabalho fabril, a escola primária produziu nas primeiras décadas do século XX um conjunto de dispositivos curriculares para estimular a atividade do aluno, centrada na sua experiência. A relação entre educação escolar e trabalho pressupunha a mobilização dos sentidos para o desenvolvimento de sensibilidades apropriadas para um “novo mundo” que pretendia estimular a ação, o desenvolvimento da vontade e a capacidade de iniciativa como signos modernizadores da escola primária e da sociedade brasileira. Segundo a documentação mobilizada, tratava-se antes de fomentar o ethos do trabalho, mais do que visar qualquer tipo de preocupação com a formação de mão de obra, como bem demonstra o livro didático de Manoel Penna, a ser destacado ao longo do texto.
Memory and heritage in the history of education: possibilities and challenges
Authors: Lima da Silva Alexandra , De Almeida Orlando Evelyn
Published: August 2019

This article discusses the uses of memory and heritage concepts in the field of history of education. From making a balance on the main contributions of studies on national and international levels on the memory and educational heritage subject (NORA, 1993. LE GOFF, 1990), it highlights the concern with the school material culture as historiographical object (JULIÀ, 2011). The looks into this heritage issue, however, are cast not only considering the size of the school, but also its movement to other areas of the city that, in their potentiality, impose themselves as educational signs and educational heritage (ARROYO, 2005). In this relation, we sought to draw attention to the intangible heritage, yet little studied in educational historiography (FONSECA, 2003). The article concludes that exploring the richness of the doings, knowledge and practices is a challenge to be faced in the history of education field.
Book Commentary on “Financial Citizenship: Experts, Publics, and the Politics of Central Banking” by Anne-Lise Riles
Authors: Fontan Clement
Published: August 2019

Financial Citizenship addresses the new era of central banking by focusing on the conflicts over central banking legitimacy in order to ultimately provide “a new theory and practice of legitimacy” for central bankers. In this article, I summarize first how Riles accounts for the “culture clash” between central bankers and the public, and how she aims to solve these tensions with the concept of financial citizenship. Second, I argue that the book has missed one of the main problematic dimension of contemporary central banking, which is the rise of private financial power. I also contend that the analysis of the “populist backlash” lacks empirical underpinning and that the concept of “financial citizenship” is unlikely to restore central banks’ legitimacy.
Go social for your own safety! Review of social networks use on natural disasters – case studies from worldwide
Authors: Dragović Nataša , Vasiljević Ðorđije , Stankov Uglješa , Vujičić Miroslav
Published: August 2019

Social networking sites (SNS) became an indispensable part of people’s everyday life, but also a powerful tool of communication during urgent situations, such as during natural disasters. This is evidenced by a large number of research papers showing the use of SNS in difficult circumstances. Some of the ways of using are the dissemination of information about missing persons, warning on further possible consequences, safety checks during natural disasters, communication about places where the population can find help or a safe refuge. At the same time, SNS could increase awareness among the population about natural hazards. Unfortunately, most parts of the world have at least once been hit by a major natural disaster. People who manage such events have a big task in front of them, as they need to exploit the potential of SNS, but also to reduce the negative side, such as spreading inaccurate information in difficult moments. The paper presents ways of using SNS, and the positive and negative effects of these, before, during and after natural disasters.
The Influence of Kaolinite - Illite toward mechanical properties of Claystone
Authors: Supandi Supandi , Zakaria Zufialdi , Sukiyah Emi , Sudradjat Adjat
Published: August 2019

This study investigates the relationship between clay minerals (kaolinite and illite) and rock properties of the claystone, including both mechanical (cohesion, friction angle, stress, and strain) and physical properties (natural water content, void ratio, and wet density), belonging to Warukin Formation of Kalimantan, Indonesia. Mineralogical characteristics of these rocks were studied using petrological and X-ray diffraction techniques, whereas the mechanical and physical properties were tested by conducting uniaxial and triaxial tests. Relationship among the variables was determined using correlation coefficients. It was observed that the mineralogy of the rocks pose strong constraints on their engineering properties. The results showed that an increase in illite content decreases cohesion, friction angle, strength, and safety factor; and increases natural moisture content, void ratio, and wet density. Although illite content of these rocks was just about 10.8% of the total minerals, it has significantly contributed to the modification of physical and mechanical properties. In contrast, kaolinite did not have a significant impact; since the correlation between various parameters was significantly low (correlation coefficient was much less, <0.3). Therefore while selecting the materials for geotechnical engineering applications, illite emerges as a safer alternative to kaolinite, especially when its concentration is less than 10.8% of the total rock mass.
Understanding the structural changes of lignin in poplar following steam explosion pretreatment
Authors: Wang Huimei , Liu Zhong , Hui Lanfeng , Ma Lan , Zheng Xu , Li Jingzhi , Zhang Yan
Published: August 2019

To understand the modifications of lignin in the steam explosion process (209°C, 7 min), lignin samples in native poplar (LP), steam explosion solid residue (LS) and steam explosion liquid (LL) were separated and studied. The lignin samples (LP, LS and LL) were characterized and analyzed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance [carbon 13 numclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) and heteronuclear single quantum coherence or heteronuclear single quantum correlation experiment NMR (HSQC) NMR] analysis. The results revealed that the pretreatment induced reductions in amounts of β-O-4′, β-β′, and spirodienone structure, and increases in the syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio from 1.14 (LP) to 1.70 (LS) and 1.86 (LL). The HSQC NMR spectra also gave more information about the predominance of G and S units, and only small amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units. Moreover, SEC demonstrated the depolymerization and repolymerization of lignin, which were the main reasons for the increase in the average molecular weight of LS and the decrease in average molecular weight of LL, respectively. In brief, after steam explosion treatment, the lignin structure changed, but the backbone structure was not noticeably modified.
On the applicability of a scan-based mobile mapping system for monitoring the planarity and subsidence of road surfaces – Pilot study on the A44n motorway in Germany
Authors: Heinz Erik , Eling Christian , Klingbeil Lasse , Kuhlmann Heiner
Published: August 2019

Kinematic laser scanning is widely used for the fast and accurate acquisition of road corridors. In this context, road monitoring is a crucial application, since deficiencies of the road surface due to non-planarity and subsidence put traffic at risk. In recent years, a Mobile Mapping System (MMS) has been developed at the University of Bonn, consisting of a GNSS/IMU unit and a 2D laser scanner. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the accuracy and precision of this MMS, where the height component is of main interest. Following this, the applicability of the MMS for monitoring the planarity and subsidence of road surfaces is analyzed. The test area for this study is a 6 km long section of the A44n motorway in Germany. For the evaluation of the MMS, leveled control points along the motorway as well as point cloud comparisons of repeated passes were used. In order to transform the ellipsoidal heights of the MMS into the physical height system of the control points, undulations were utilized. In this respect, a local tilt correction for the geoid model was determined based on GNSS baselines and leveling, leading to a physical height accuracy of the MMS of < 10 mm (RMS). The related height precision has a standard deviation of about 5 mm. Hence, a potential subsidence of the road surface in the order of a few cm is detectable. In addition, the point clouds were used to analyze the planarity of the road surface. In the course of this, the cross fall of the road was estimated with a standard deviation of < 0.07 %. Yet, no deficiencies of the road surface in the form of significant rut depths or fictive water depths were detected, indicating the proper condition of the A44n motorway. According to our tests, the MMS is appropriate for road monitoring.
Cardioprotective mechanism of FTY720 in ischemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Ahmed Naseer
Published: August 2019

Cardioprotection is a very challenging area in the field of cardiovascular sciences. Myocardial damage accounts for nearly 50% of injury due to reperfusion, yet there is no effective strategy to prevent this to reduce the burden of heart failure. During last couple of decades, by combining genetic and bimolecular studies, many new drugs have been developed to treat hypertension, heart failure, and cancer. The use of percutaneous coronary intervention has reduced the mortality and morbidity of acute coronary syndrome dramatically. However, there is no standard therapy available that can mitigate cardiac reperfusion injury, which contributes to up to half of myocardial infarcts. Literature shows that the activation of sphingosine receptors, which are G protein-coupled receptors, induces cardioprotection both in vitro and in vivo. The exact mechanism of this protection is not clear yet. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of ischemia reperfusion injury and the role of the FDA-approved sphingosine 1 phosphate drug fingolimod in cardioprotection.
Discriminating Healthy Wheat Grains from Grains Infected with Fusarium graminearum Using Texture Characteristics of Image-Processing Technique, Discriminant Analysis, and Support Vector Machine Methods
Authors: Abbaspour-Gilandeh Yousef , Ghadakchi-Bazaz Hamed , Davari Mahdi
Published: August 2019

Among agricultural plants, wheat, with valuable foodstuffs such as proteins, vitamins, and minerals, provides about 25% of the world’s food calories. Hence, providing its health conditions and quality is of great importance. One of the most important wheat diseases that causes a lot of damages to this product is Fusarium head blight (FHB). In most areas, the causal agent of disease is Fusarium graminearum. This disease not only decreases product quality and efficiency but also has harmful effects on humans and animals by mycotoxin production. FHB discrimination requires experimental work in special conditions and also experts, but these facilities may not be available at customs and other related grain health testing centers. In this study, discriminating healthy wheat grains and the grains infected with F. graminearum was performed with an image-processing technique, an accurate, rapid, and nondestructive method. First, healthy and infected wheat grains were selected, and then digital images of samples were prepared in randomized mass method using cameras and lightening chamber. Then using the image-processing technique, a total of 21 texture characteristics were obtained for each grain. Discrimination and classification of healthy and infected grains were done with 100% accuracy using extracted texture characteristics and two techniques mentioned above. The results of this research could be helpful in the development of automatic devices for rapid discrimination of healthy grains and grains infected with F. graminearum, one of the most destructive wheat diseases.
Micro-Raman spectroscopy in medicine
Authors: Krafft Christoph , Popp Jürgen
Published: August 2019

A potential role of optical technologies in medicine including micro-Raman spectroscopy is diagnosis of bacteria, cells and tissues which is covered in this chapter. The main advantage of Raman-based methods to complement and augment diagnostic tools is that unsurpassed molecular specificity is achieved without labels and in a nondestructive way. Principles and applications of micro-Raman spectroscopy in the context of medicine will be described. First, Raman spectra of biomolecules representing proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates are introduced. Second, microbial applications are summarized with the focus on typing on species and strain level, detection of infections, antibiotic resistance and biofilms. Third, cytological applications are presented to classify single cells and study cell metabolism and drug–cell interaction. Fourth, applications to tissue characterization start with discussion of lateral resolution for Raman imaging followed by Raman-based detection of pathologies and combination with other modalities. Finally, an outlook is given to translate micro-Raman spectroscopy as a clinical tool to solve unmet needs in point-of-care applications and personalized treatment of diseases.
A comparative study of interpersonal meanings of traditional hymns and contemporary Christian songs in China
Authors: Wang Xingrong , Zhang Lei
Published: August 2019

Contemporary Christian songs (CCSs) are gaining more favor in Chinese churches than traditional hymns (THs) nowadays; however, many scholars have criticized the intimate relationship established with God in CCSs from the perspective of theology. This study aims to explore whether the God-human relationship built in THs and CCSs has experienced a change by carrying out a comparative analysis of their respective constructed interpersonal meanings. Combining Halliday’s framework with judgment in Martin and White’s Appraisal system, this study compares 100 CCSs and THs from the aspects of modality, judgment, mood and projected roles with the help of UAM Corpus Tool 3.0., with some changes of the original categories of judgment system due to the specific nature of the judged subject in the data. The semantic analyses show that the God-human relationship constructed in hymns has changed, with the encompassing view of God narrowed to one focused on love, the sinful nature of humans replaced by their incapability, and the assurance in and reverence to God outweighed by closeness and intimacy with Him. Some cultural realities and the situation of the church are referred to as a way of explaining this change.
Computational assessment of SKA1 as a potential cancer biomarker
Authors: Sucularli Ceren
Published: August 2019

Background

Spindle and kinetochore associated complex subunit 1 (SKA1) is an essential component of SKA complex, which is required for the proper formation of kinetochore–microtubule attachment and timely mitotic progression. The aim of this study is to perform detailed analyses of SKA1 genomic and expression alterations in cancers and to assess SKA1 as a biomarker for predicting human cancers and patient prognosis.

Materials and methods

Missense mutations from human cancers were extracted, deleterious missense mutations were predicted and shown on 3D SKA1 protein. SKA1 expression and the effect of SKA1 expression on patient survival were investigated in human cancers.

Results and discussion

Most of the predicted deleterious mutations were detected on microtubule-binding domain of SKA1, suggesting mutations on microtubule-binding domain might be more relevant in human cancers. High SKA1 expression was detected in various cancers. In addition, patients with high SKA1 expression showed poor overall survival compared to patients with low SKA1 expression in breast, lung and gastric cancers.

Conclusion

These results suggest that high SKA1 expression might be a prognostic and predictive biomarker for several cancers and mainly mutations in the microtubule-binding domain of SKA1 might have a deleterious effect for SKA1.
A Systematic Review of Golf Warm-ups: Behaviors, Injury, and Performance
Authors: Ehlert Alex , Wilson Patrick B.
Published: August 2019

Ehlert, A and Wilson, PB. A systematic review of golf warm-ups: behaviors, injury, and performance.J Strength Cond Res33(12): 3444–3462, 2019—Previous literature has demonstrated that warm-ups have the potential to increase physical performance and reduce risk of injury. Warm-ups before golf may have a similar result, but a systematic evaluation of their effects in golf is currently lacking. Three electronic databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) were systematically searched to address 3 primary research questions: (a) What are the current warm-up behaviors of golfers?; (b) Is there an association between warm-up behaviors and golf-related injury?; and (c) What are the effects of various warm-up protocols on measures of golf performance? Twenty-three studies (9 observational and 14 experimental) were identified that included data on warm-ups before golf participation. Overall, the current data suggest that many golfers either do not warm-up regularly or perform a warm-up that is short in duration. Studies on the association between warm-up behaviors and golf-related injury were mixed and inconclusive. Experimental studies suggest that a variety of warm-up methods may be beneficial for golf performance. Specifically, dynamic warm-ups and those with resistance exercise tended to enhance measures of performance, whereas static stretching was inferior to other methods and potentially detrimental to performance. Overall, the results of this systematic review suggest that various warm-up protocols (with the exception of static stretching) may enhance golf performance, but observational data suggest many golfers do not regularly perform them. More data are needed on the warm-up behaviors of competitive golfers, the impact of warm-up behaviors on golf-related injury, and to further identify effective warm-up methods for enhancing golf performance.
Intrasession and Intersession Reliability of Countermovement Jump Testing in Division-I Volleyball Athletes
Authors: Carroll Kevin M. , Wagle John P. , Sole Christopher J. , Stone Michael H.
Published: August 2019

Carroll, KM, Wagle, JP, Sole, CJ, and Stone, MH. Intrasession and intersession reliability of countermovement jump testing in Division-I volleyball athletes. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 2932–2935, 2019—The countermovement jump (CMJ) is a reliable and noninvasive test of lower-body neuromuscular performance. Many of the investigations used to establish the reliability of CMJ have been conducted in a controlled environment (i.e., laboratory setting). To better inform coaches, reliability of key CMJ variables should be examined in a practical environment. This study assessed intrasession and intersession reliability of CMJ variables in NCAA D-I volleyball athletes. Eleven female volleyball players (age = 19.8 ± 0.8 years, height = 1.75 ± 0.07 m, body mass = 71.6 ± 8.9 kg) performed twice weekly CMJ testing on force platforms across 14 weeks of training. Dependent variables were CMJ height (CMJH), reactive strength index modified (RSIMOD), relative peak power (rPP), and countermovement depth (CM depth). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), coefficient of variation (CV), and typical error (TE) were calculated, along with Pearson correlation coefficients. Intrasession reliability revealed excellent reliability values for CMJH (ICC = 0.94, CV = 2.9 ± 2.4%, TE = 1.25) and RSIMOD (ICC = 0.93, CV = 4.7 ± 4.9, TE = 0.03). Good reliability values were observed for rPP (ICC = 0.79, CV = 6.1 ± 10.9%, TE = 4.48), with only moderate reliability for CM depth (ICC = 0.61, CV = 7.1 ± 10.9%, TE = 16.9). Intersession reliability indicated excellent reliability for CMJH (ICC = 0.92, CV = 3.2 ± 2.8%, TE = 1.4) and RSIMOD (ICC = 0.92, CV = 5.4 ± 4.3%, TE = 0.03). However, poor reliability was observed for rPP (ICC = 0.41, CV = 10.4 ± 15.4%, TE = 7.95) and CM depth (ICC = 0.39, CV = 7.7 ± 10.8%, TE = 6.42). These results suggest that in the context of weekly athlete monitoring, measures such as CMJH and RSIMOD exhibit the greatest reliability. Conversely, measures such as CM depth and rPP exhibit high levels of variability. Practitioners seeking to track jump performance over time should be cognizant of CM depth variability and its potential impact on CMJ variables.
ARTE E COMUNIDADE: PROGRAMA DE EXTENSÃO “URBANIDADES – INTERVENÇÕES”
Authors: Gasperi Marcelo Eduardo de Rocco de
Published: August 2019

O programa de extensão “Urbanidades: Intervenções” nasceu em 2012 no Curso de Teatro da Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), em Minas Gerais. O programa partiu da realidade cotidiana de parte dos moradores da cidade para criar um repertório de materiais. Este programa de extensão atua em parceria com o grupo de pesquisa “Transeuntes-Estudos sobre performance”. Tal grupo investiga modos de interferência dos corpos dos performers no cotidiano dos bairros da cidade, formulando diferentes trocas de materialidades com o espectador transeunte. Desse modo, a formação do programa em questão está intrinsecamente ligada à sistematização do conhecimento artístico contemporâneo e a sua aplicabilidade em diálogo com a comunidade que o cerca. A rua como espaço democrático de uso é um dos motes do projeto. O meio urbano abarca gente de todas as classes sociais e quando há uma apresentação, demonstração, cena, exercício, os transeuntes podem se sentir pertencentes ao teatro. Este tipo de teatro é feito para aqueles que estão indo trabalhar, voltando de um almoço, pegando filhos na escola ou com mais tempo de parar e se conectar ao acontecimento. Todos podem participar de um fragmento da encenação. Além da democracia de acesso para qualquer indivíduo que esteja na rua, o grupo se preocupa em colocar em cena questões políticas que são sempre polêmicas em nossa sociedade. O interesse é dar visibilidade as minorias e colocar o espectador no centro da questão.
A Colônia de Pescadores Z-3 sob olhar de uma das etapas da investigação temática freireana
Authors: Garrido Alex Sandro de Castro , Sangiogo Fábio André
Published: August 2019

O artigo tem objetivo de apresentar dados resultantes do levantamento preliminar balizado na investigação temática freireana da Colônia de Pescadores Z-3 de Pelotas/RS, a partir de resultados parciais de uma pesquisa de mestrado. Os dados da pesquisa visam socializar questões pertinentes de uma comunidade de pescadores, com vistas a possibilitar discussões significativas ao desenvolvimento regional sobre algumas questões socioambientais, históricas, econômicas, culturais e educacionais. O referencial do levantamento preliminar teve como base a primeira etapa da investigação temática freireana, e o processo de unitarização que constitui a análise textual discursiva. Os resultados apresentam questões importantes de serem discutidas junto à comunidade, haja vista o contexto local e o interesse de membros da Colônia de Pescadores Z-3, a exemplo de medidas que estabeleça políticas públicas mais efetivas para a melhoria das condições de vida da comunidade pesqueira e o desenvolvimento regional.
Breastfeeding and Its Effect on Weight Gain, Nutritional Status, and Illness Incidence among Infants Aged 1 – 5 Months
Authors: Priyasna Irpan , Dewanti Lintang Purwara , Wahyuni Yulia
Published: August 2019

Background: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among infants aged 0-6 months in 2014 was 52.3%, then the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among infants aged 0-6 months in DKI Jakarta in 2014 was 67.1%. The low level of exclusive breastfeeding has an effect on the inadequate nutrition intake for infants that can cause growth and development disorder. This study was conducted to determine the association between breastfeeding with weight gain, nutritional status and illness incidence among infants aged 1-5 months in Grogol, West Jakarta.

Methods: It was cross sectional study design, the population in this study were 96 infants aged 1-5 months recorded in all Posyandu in the area of ​​Grogol, West Jakarta. The sample in this study were 47 infants selected by purposive sampling. Data were analyzed with chi-square and fisher exact tests.

Results: The results showed that there were no association between breastfeeding with weight gain (p = 0.989), nutrition status based on weight/age (p=1.000), length/age (p=0.237), and weight/length (p=0.352). There was association between breastfeeding with illness incidence (p<0.01).

Conclusion: There is significant association between breastfeeding with illness incidence among infant aged 1 – 5 months.
History of Fish-Based Complementary Food Provision Toward Children's Cognitive Level in Elementary School
Authors: Nahak Alberto Diliano Novelito , Samodra Yoseph Leonardo , Kuntjoro Istianto
Published: August 2019

Background: Nutritional components contained in fish like ssential fatty acid might support the growth and development of children’s brain. Therefore, it’s better to give it as early as possible at the age of 6-24 months as complementary food because this age is the ideal age for the growth and development of children's cognitive intelligence. The aim of this study is to find out the correlation between fish-based complementary food history with children’s cognitive level.

Methods: This study used cross sectional design with 59 students from 4th grade Budya Wacana Elementary School Yogyakarta were selected as participant in this study. Data were collected by IQ test (CFIT 2B scale) and validated questionnaire.

Results: Statistical bivariate analysis by spearman rank test showed a correlation between fish-based complementary food history (p = 0.031), parental assistance (p = 0.022), exclusive breastfeeding history (p < 0.01) with children’s cognitive level. There were no correlation between parenting style (p = 0.683), mother’s knowledge about complementary food (p = 0.374), and education (p = 0.902) with cognitive level. Statistical analysis by logistic regression test showed that exclusive breastfeeding history (p = 0,03) has stronger correlation to cognitive level compared to fish-based complementary food history (p = 0,155) and parental assistance (p = 0,167).

Conclusion: There is correlation that is clinically significant but not statistically significant between fish-based complementary food history and parental care with children’s cognitive level. Exclusive breastfeeding history has a stronger correlation that clinically and statistically significant to children's cognitive level.
Online Mother Support Group: The New Way of Peer Support for Improving Breastfeeding Performance
Authors: Dewanti Lintang Purwara , Februhartanty Judhiastuty , Roshita Airin
Published: August 2019

Background: Data from Riskesdas in 2010 showed that family living in the urban area still had lower rate of exclusive breastfeeding, specifically 25.2% compare to those living in the rural area. In Jakarta, the proportion of children aged 0-23 months that still being breastfed was only 70.3%, this rate was below the national level of children age 0-23 months that still being breastfed which reach 80.1%. This study aimed to explore the experiences of mothers attending online Mother Support Group as their breastfeeding support.

Methods: Qualitative approach was used to explore mothers’ breastfeeding performance and mothers’ experience attending the online group. Key findings show the mothers in the group exposure received support and knowledge from other mother or peers. Type of support given to the mother by both peers and experts (professionals) can be in the form of support group and given in online form.

Results: There were also mothers experienced overwhelmed with the information that circulate. This kind of mothers considered that they better learning with individual setting to be more focus or conduct only virtual meeting

Conclusion: Good performance on breastfeeding among mothers’ can be maintained by their experiences of group that allow mothers learn in conducive environment and/or solved mothers’ breastfeeding problem.