bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONVERSION METHOD DEVELOPS OR HAS DEVELOPED PLANNING STRUCTURE LARGE CITIES
Authors: VERETENNIKOV Dmitry Borisovich
Published: December 2015

On the basis of the historical and genetic analysis, incremental quantitative and qualitative changes of planning structures of the largest cities of the Volga region: Ulyanovsk, Samara, Saratov, Volgograd; analysis, identifying common to their development stages of structural reforms and laws of formation of planning structures, proposed a method for identifying stable over time the structural and planning foundations of the city, which could help to preserve the principle of urban planning continuity in the development of existing cities at the present stage of their evolution, and would help greater objectivity of urban planning decisions. As part of the method, the technique of perspective transformation of the existing planning structures the listed cities.
RESTORATION OF MICHAEL THE ARCHANGEL ORTHODOX CATHEDRAL IN DERGATCHI VILLAGE (KOLYVAN), KRASNOARMEYSK DISTRICT OF SAMARA REGION
Authors: LITVINOV Denis Vladimirovich , IVANOVA Lyudmila Igorevna , TUZOV Anton Vladimirovich
Published: December 2015

The paper looks into the principles of scientific restoration and reconstruction of religious architecture monuments, the stages of research and design of restoration works and their properties. It thoroughly describes the stages of the restoration design and research works taking A. Tuzov’s degree project as an example. Particular attention is paid to the investigation into the damages and to the account of the preserved architectural, design and painterly parts of the cathedral. The authors put forward recommendations for its restoration and reconstruction and present detailed graphics. The project of analog reconstruction of the cathedral area introducing.
Dinámica paleoambiental en la campiña de Córdoba (Andalucía) entre el IV y el I milenios cal. BC . Análisis palinológico del yacimiento arqueológico de Torreparedones
Authors: López Sáez José Antonio , Martínez Sánchez Rafael María , Pérez Díaz Sebastián , Alba Sánchez Francisca , Núñez de la Fuente Sara , Serra González Candela , Morena López José Antonio , Luelmo Lautenschlaeger Reyes
Published: December 2015

En este trabajo se presenta el análisis palinológico de un perfil estratigráfico del yacimiento arqueológico de Torreparedones, situado en la campiña de Córdoba, con una cronología comprendida entre el IV y el I milenios cal. BC. En él se documenta un proceso de creciente degradación del encinar, que se iniciaría durante el Calcolítico mediante el desarrollo de actividades agrícolas y ganaderas, que se haría aún más manifiesto durante el Bronce Final y la Época Ibérica, dentro de un proceso de aridificación generalizado. Se plantea la relación del abandono del yacimiento durante el III milenio cal. BC respecto al evento climático abrupto 4200 cal. BP.
AVALIAÇÃO DA SECA DE 2005 E 2010 NA AMAZÔNIA: ANÁLISE DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO SOLIMÕES
Authors: Serrão Edivaldo Afonso de Oliveira , Santos Cleber Assis dos , Wanzeler Romero Thiago Sobrinho , Lima Aline Maria Meiguins de
Published: December 2015

A bacia hidrográfica do rio Solimões tem sua recarga hídrica modulada por diversos sistemas atmosféricos, onde a porção norte sofre maior influência da Zona de Convergência Intertropical (ZCIT) e a porção sul tem influência da Zona de Convergência do Atlântico Sul (ZCAS), bem como aglomerados convectivos e sistemas frontais atuantes nessa região. Contudo eventos de El Niño e Dipolo do Atlântico podem modular o regime pluvial causando estiagens severas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o comportamento pluviométrico na bacia hidrográfica do rio Solimões nos anos de 2005 e 2010, marcados como as maiores secas do século na Amazônia. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a pluviometria na bacia do rio Solimões foi drasticamente reduzida na região sudoeste em 2005. Já em 2010 toda a porção oeste e sul da bacia foram afetadas durante a seca. Este comportamento está vinculado ocorrência dos fenômenos ENOS fase positiva e do dipolo do Atlântico positivo, que são fortes moduladores da precipitação na Amazônia. Logo, observa-se que o rio Solimões tem sofrido com os fenômenos climáticos que atuam na Região Amazônica, com consequente repercussão nas cidades que se localizam as suas margens.
A ATIVIDADE DA PECUÁRIA BOVINA NO MUNICÍPIO DE CAÇAPAVA DO SUL: UM OLHAR NA PERSPECTIVA DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR
Authors: Silveira Pereira Carla , Silvano Zanon João
Published: December 2015

O presente trabalho objetiva compreender a dinâmica do tradicional sistema agrário do campo, historicamente identificado pela pecuária extensiva desenvolvida em grandes e medias propriedades do espaço rural do município de Caçapava do sul - RS. Com o passar dos anos, a pequena propriedade familiar ganha força e vem exercendo influência na dinâmica econômica do município. Caçapava do Sul possui culturalmente fortes traços culturais característicos, das quais valoriza e cultiva as atividades tradicionais da cultura do campo. Assim, torna-se importante entender como se configura este sistema, em particular em um ambiente em que as transformações da paisagem vêm acontecendo com a expansão das culturas de soja e silvicultura, em decorrência do poderoso sistema capitalista explorador e acumulador de capital. Embora a pecuária extensiva seja predominante no município, algumas propriedades desenvolvem a agricultura familiar como forma do agricultor se manter no campo retirando o sustento de sua família.
OCORRÊNCIAS DE ÍNDICES DE ANOMALIA DE CHUVA NEGATIVOS NO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: GROSS JOCELI AUGUSTO , CASSOL ROBERTO
Published: December 2015

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação espacial dos índices de anomalia de chuva negativos do Rio Grande do Sul no período de 1991 a 2012, considerando a frequência em meses de ocorrência, como subsídio para os estudos referentes aos eventos de estiagem nos municípios e setores regionais do Estado. Foram adquiridas séries históricas de 22 anos de dados de precipitação pluviométrica de 57 estações meteorológicas para a realização do cálculo do Índice de Anomalia de Chuva mensal, considerando as médias mensais das precipitações locais. Os dados foram interpolados por krigagem sobre o território do Estado e cruzados com a malha municipal do mesmo, o que possibilitou a determinação da frequência absoluta em meses de ocorrência de índices de anomalia de chuva negativos por município e consequentemente nos setores regionais do Rio Grande do Sul para todo período de análise. Os resultados mostraram que a frequência de índices de anomalia de chuva negativos, considerando o número de meses de ocorrência foi maior no setor Sudoeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, principalmente nas estações do verão, outono e inverno e na última década do período de análise.
ANÁLISE SÓCIO-PRODUTIVA DOS ASSENTAMENTOS EM CÁCERES, MATO GROSSO: POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO TERRITORIAL
Authors: Miranda Scheuer Junior , Seabra Botti Nicoly , Alves da Silva Neves Sandra Mara
Published: December 2015

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar o sistema sócio-produtivo da agricultura familiar nos assentamentos Bom Sucesso, Corixo, Jatobá, Katira, Nova Esperança, Rancho da Saudade e Sapiquá, localizados no município mato-grossense de Cáceres.  A pesquisa foi realizada com 27 agricultores familiares e a coleta dos dados ocorreu no primeiro semestre de 2014 por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. A formação escolar dos agricultores familiares predominou-se em ensino fundamental incompleto, contraindo matrimônio e organizados em pequenas propriedades, utilizando mão de obra familiar nas atividades agropecuárias (policultura) em uma infraestrutura deficitária. Evidenciou-se a possibilidade de implementação das políticas públicas do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos e do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar devido à capacidade produtiva, a proximidade e existência de escolas e de comércio local. Para isso, os agricultores familiares precisam se organizar em associações/cooperativas e os poderes públicos intervir no espaço e promover ações sólidas de desenvolvimento territorial e da agricultura familiar.
ANÁLISE DE MODELOS DIGITAIS DE ELEVAÇÃO PARA MODELAGEM DO RELEVO NO MUNICÍPIO DE FRANCISCO BELTRÃO – PR
Authors: Marion Fabiano André , Dos Santos Elmir Borges , Hendges Elvis Rabuske
Published: December 2015

Modelos Digitais de Elevação (MDEs) consistem atualmente em uma das principais formas de representação do relevo, no entanto, seus resultados dependem em grande escala dos dados primários utilizados. O presente trabalho busca avaliar algumas fontes de dados altimétricos pela comparação entre perfis topográficos, levando em consideração a morfologia do terreno no município de Francisco Beltrão, Estado do Paraná. Foram analisados MDEs oriundos da fotogrametria, gerados a partir das curvas de nível e pontos cotados vetorizados de duas cartas topográficas nas escalas 1: 25.000 e 1: 50.000, e também de MDEs oriundos de interferometria, gerados pela SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission) com resolução espacial de 90 m e 30 m e pelo refinamento destes dados (Projeto Topodata). Utilizou-se para a comparação, dados oriundos de um levantamento aerofotogramétrico de detalhe, em escala 1: 2.000 e com curvas de nível com equidistância de 1 m. Apresentaram melhor semelhança com a morfologia do terreno para a área estudada, os modelos derivados de interferometria, Topodata e SRTM de 30 m, superando inclusive, o modelo derivado da carta topográfica 1: 25.000.
DETERMINAÇÃO E ESPACIALIZAÇÃO DA PERDA DE SOLO DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO CASCAVEL, GOIÁS
Authors: Souza Rodrigues Pereira Tatiane , Almeida dos Santos Kamila , Ferreira da Silva Bruna , Teodomiro Martins Formiga Klebber
Published: December 2015

O modelo de predição de erosão hídrica baseado na Equação Universal de Perda de Solo (USLE), bem como suas variações, tem sido amplamente empregado no Brasil e no mundo devido sua robustez e eficiência. Assim, este estudo tem por objetivos, identificar as áreas mais susceptíveis à erosão hídrica laminar e quantificar os processos erosivos na Bacia Hidrográfica do Córrego Cascavel, tributário do Ribeirão Anicuns. Para tanto, foram identificadas as pedologias existentes, necessárias para a definição do Fator de Erodibilidade (k), realizado cálculo das precipitações para obtenção do Fator de Erosovidade (R), classificação supervisionada de imagem satélite do Landsat 8 composição 4-5-3 (RGB), por meio do programa ArcGis, para compor uma correlação entre os fatores Uso e Manejo do Solo (C) e Práticas Conservacionistas (P) e, por fim, o Fator Topográfico (LS) foi obtido por meio do programa SAGA, que realiza um cruzamento entre o comprimento da rampa e a declividade da região. Dessa forma, foi realizada a interpolação de todos os fatores que compõem a USLE em um Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG). Este estudo consiste no primeiro trabalho dessa natureza realizado para a área com tais ferramentas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram-se coerentes em relação aos dados de entrada. O produto final, Mapa de Estimativa de Perda Anual de Solo, demonstrou taxas que variam de 0 - 10 t/ha.a, divididos em seis classes de perdas de solo. As classes predominantes de perdas foram de 0 - 3,2 t/ha.a, sendo o valor máximo de 10 t/ha.a considerado normal para essa região.
Research of the crack development process in a nickel heat-resistant alloyin the process of testing
Authors:   Central Institute of Aviation Motors named after P.I. Baranov, Rozanov M.
Published: December 2015

A method of direct observation of the process of low-cycle fatigue crack development during bend loading directly in the chamber of a scanning electronic microscope is described in the paper. It was found that the presence of slip bands near the apex of the crack is the determining factor of crack development in a specimen made of a nickel heat-resistant alloy with a monocrystalline structure. The fracture in the area of the crack apex was found to be of a brittle nature. In the case of crack propagation arrest before an obstacle an area of plastic deformation forms at some distance from the apex of the crack, with branches from the main crack. Crystallographic orientation of the specimen was determined using the X-ray structure analysis and the Shmid factor was calculated for glide planes along which the fracture took place and secondary cracks were formed. The prevailing direction of the crack development was determined by slip systems with the value of Shmid factor maximum for the given conditions. It is shown that the described method of observation of the material structure and crack propagation under low-cycle fatigue makes it possible to obtain unique information about the fracture pattern and the impact of the material’s structure on its characteristics. The results can be used to determine the choice of the most favorable crystallographic orientation of the monocrystalline structure of the material of gas turbine engine blades relative to their geometry.
Experimental studies of prototype models of bimetallic blisks of a high-temperature turbine with cooled blades for advanced gas turbine engines
Authors:   Central Institute of Aviation Motors named after P.I. Baranov, Magerramova L. , Stadnikov A. ,   Central Institute of Aviation Motors named after P.I. Baranov
Published: December 2015

The traditional approach to designing turbine blisks based on the application of disk-blade pawl-coupling does not allow improving the design from the point of view of increasing the service life, reducing the wheel mass and improving the engine efficiency on the whole. This problem can be solved by using dissimilar materials in the integrated bimetallic wheel (blisk). Bimetallic blisk prototype models of a high-temperature turbine have been produced for strength durability research. The bimetallic blisk prototype model consists of one monocrystal cooled blade and a granulated Ni-based disk part. These elements are connected by the hot isostatic pressing (HIP) method. Capsular equipment is designed for producing the prototypes. It ensures the air tightness of the zone of joining of the blisk elements and preservation of the cooling lines in the blades during the HIP process. Investigations of micro- and macrostructures of prototype joining zones have been carried out. High-cycle fatigue tests of bimetallic blisk prototype models have been carried out. It has been found that fatigue cracks originate in the blade material, whereas the zone of diffusion bonding of the two alloys in test conditions proved to be stronger than the blade material.
Engineering design and experimental research of non-metallic parts and components of the hot section of the advanced gas turbine engine
Authors:   Central Institute of Aviation Motors named after P.I. Baranov, Karimbayev T. , Mezentsev M. ,   Central Institute of Aviation Motors named after P.I. Baranov, Ezhov A. ,   Central Institute of Aviation Motors named after P.I. Baranov
Published: December 2015

Technological and experimental research in support of creation of a high-temperature turbine nozzle unit made of diamond dust dispersion-hardened silicon carbide and the flame tube of a high-temperature combustion chamber made of carbon-fiber-reinforced-ray of ceramic composite material based on a ceramic polymer has been conducted. The studies demonstrated: • technological capability of creating a composite structure of the nozzle made of super-hard diamond dust dispersion-hardened silicon carbide compatible with the mating metal turbine units; • the results of testing the non-cooled flame tube made of carbon-fiber reinforced ceramic composite material based on a ceramic polymer. The results will be used in the design, manufacture and tests of non-metallic components of combustion chambers and turbines of auxiliary power units, small-sized gas turbine engines and helicopter engines.
Analysis of the possibility of using topology optimization in the design of uncooled turbine rotor blades
Authors:   Central institute of aviation motors named after P.I. Baranov, Vasilyev B. , Magerramova L. ,   Central institute of aviation motors named after P.I. Baranov
Published: December 2015

This paper discusses a novel approach of gas turbine rotor blade design in order to take full advantage of rapidly developing additive manufacturing. It is necessary to implement new numerical optimization methods, such as topology optimization, in the design process in order to reduce weight by eliminating unnecessary material. As an example, topology optimization is conducted to find the optimal geometry of typical low-pressure turbine uncooled blade to ensure meeting the requirement of tuning out from the resonance frequencies of vibrations and obtaining minimum mass. As a result of optimization, potential weight reduction of 30% is obtained, while maintaining the blade profile. The check calculation results show the sufficiency of the safety margin values of the resulting blade design. In addition, the paper provides a description of the technological constraints of additive manufacturing and describes a possible method of the resulting blade manufacturing. The results indicate a potential of using topology optimization in the design of uncooled turbine rotor blades with regard to additive manufacturing in order to reduce weight and control natural vibration frequencies. The symbiosis of additive manufacturing and topology optimization will make it possible to use the full potential of both technologies.
Early detection of vibration behaviour of aircraft engine multistage axial compressor in pre-surge states during rig testing
Authors:   Central Institute of Aviation Motors named after P.I. Baranov, Khorikov A. , Danilkin S. ,   Central Institute of Aviation Motors named after P.I. Baranov, Mazikina T. ,   Central Institute of Aviation Motors named after P.I. Baranov
Published: December 2015

Surge is a dangerous aero-elastic phenomenon. When surge occurs a shock wave originates in the gas path of the compressor, which damages individual elements of the compressor, as well as the test beds for measuring the parameters of the workflow. Therefore, early diagnostics of pre-surge states of multistage axial compressors of modern aircraft engines characterized by extremely high aerodynamic loading and small radial clearances between the rotor and the stator is an urgent task. The paper presents the results of the analysis of dynamic processes that take place during throttling of aircraft engine multistage compressors in test bed conditions. Diagnostic features of the pre-surge state of the compressor were revealed in the signals from strain gauges mounted on the blades, and the signals from sensors of static pressure pulsations installed in the compressor housing. The research was carried out using up-to-date methods of processing and analysis of the signals of dynamic processes based on the fast Fourier transform and wavelet analysis using a 3D representation of the results of the study. The results of the study indicate the possibility of early diagnosis of surge, and also show that several forms of axial vibrations and their respective acoustic frequencies depending on the size of connected masses may occur in the case of loss of gas dynamic stability. The developed methods and means are proposed to be used for the creation of automated systems for preventing surge in compressor rig testing to determine the gas dynamic stability margin.
Experimental and theoretical study of vibration bifurcations in aviation transmission gears
Authors:   Central Institute of aviation motors named after P.I. Baranov, Dorofeyev V. , Golovanov V. ,   Central Institute of aviation motors named after P.I. Baranov, Ghukasyan S. ,   Central Institute of aviation motors named after P.I. Baranov, Dorofeyev D. ,   Central Institute of aviation motors named after P.I. Baranov, Storchak V. ,   Central Institute of aviation motors named after P.I. Baranov, Afanasyev I. ,   Central Institute of aviation motors named after P.I. Baranov
Published: December 2015

Tooth gearings are used in transmission systems of aviation engines to carry the torque from the engine to the accessories. Various forces occur in the course of loading their teeth. The cogwheels making up a part of the transmission system of the aviation engine consist of elements affected both by the rigid and soft restoring forces. Spasmodic change of rigidity in the case of changing the number of engaged couples of teeth causes parametric vibrations of cogwheels. It follows from this that transmission is not only a nonlinear, but also a parametric oscillatory system. The maximum amplitude is not realized when passing the resonance in the case of quick changes of the rotation frequency. Two different values of fluctuation can be registered in the steady-state regime for identical values of the rotation frequency. This duality is called bifurcation. Bifurcations of vibrations can be quite often observed in aviation transmission gears. The existence of bifurcation of vibrations in aviation transmission gears is theoretically proved and the pilot study confirming theoretical conclusions about the existence of bifurcation of oscillatory processes in tooth gearings is described in the paper. Bifurcation parameters are determined.
Dynamic modelling of non-linear vibrations in cylindrical tooth gearing of aircraft drive systems
Authors:   Central Institute of Aviation Motors named after P.I. Baranov, Kalinin D. , Temis J. ,   Central Institute of Aviation Motors named after P.I. Baranov
Published: December 2015

The results of modeling nonlinear parametric vibrations in aircraft tooth gears are presented in the paper. Resonance vibration with loss of tooth contact is analyzed. A lumped-parameter dynamic model of cylindrical gears is investigated using the results of gear stiffness modeling obtained from a finite element model for simulating elastic-damping connection for each step during one phase of mesh. Parametric vibrations of a system with base excitation due to variable mesh stiffness and non-linear effects determined by modeling the conditions of loss of tooth contact are studied. It is shown that the maximal level of dynamic loads does not exceed a limit value determined by the presence of discontinuous vibrations in the system. A number of parametric studies are presented to demonstrate the influence of major gear contact ratio on the resultant dynamic behavior. The results obtained by the numerical simulation of steady-state responses of two different pairs of spur gears are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results.
Calculation of the performance of a coulomb friction damper of a crown bevel gear wheel for different forms of resonant oscillations
Authors:   Central Institute of Aviation Motors named after P.I. Baranov, Kozharinov E. , Temis J. ,   Central Institute of Aviation Motors named after P.I. Baranov
Published: December 2015

Different designs of a Coulomb friction damper used to decrease the amplitude of bevel gear resonance oscillations and existing approaches to the modeling of variable-structure dry-friction systems are discussed in the paper. A parametric 3-d finite-element model of contact “bevel gear - plate damper” interaction has been developed. Natural frequencies of the system have been determined for different contact parameters. A set of amplitude-frequency curves of the “damper-wheel” system under consideration has been constructed for different values of damper pre-pressure. The work of the constraining force for the oscillation period has been calculated. By estimating the period-average number of sliding elements basic operating in the relative slip mode the principal modes of a Coulomb friction damper operation – with continuous and instant relative stops – are studied. The influence of the damper pre-pressure value on the relative amplitude of different forms of resonance oscillations is analyzed. A conclusion has been made on the basis of the calculation results that applying a Coulomb friction damper is an efficient way of reducing the amplitude of resonance oscillations of the bevel gear.
Diagnostic methods and tools for condition-based maintenance of aircraft drives
Authors:   Central Institute of Aviation Motors named after P.I. Baranov, Golovanov V. , Vasilenko V. ,   Central Institute of Aviation Motors named after P.I. Baranov, Zemskov A. ,   Central Institute of Aviation Motors named after P.I. Baranov, Panov S. ,   Central Institute of Aviation Motors named after P.I. Baranov, Emelianova A. ,   Central Institute of Aviation Motors named after P.I. Baranov
Published: December 2015

The helicopter ground-airborne health and usage monitoring system (HUMS) presented in the paper illustrates the basic methods of determining the technical condition of aircraft drives by a set of signals received in operation. These algorithms can be realized using the kinematic scheme of a rotor unit with information about the number of teeth in gears, the number of splines in spline connections, the design parameters of the bearings as well as the presence of synchronization signals that are recorded in parallel with vibration signals. The presented methodology for the estimation of vibration parameters of multi-shaft units takes into account the fluctuation of specific frequencies in the real operating conditions of the gearbox. Hardware requirements are formed on the basis of vibration models of gears and gearboxes. The operating frequency envelope of vibration sensors is to include specific frequencies of all gears, spline connections and rolling bearings. The dynamic range is determined based on the vibration activity of the gearbox and units in the places where the sensors are installed. The requirements to the equipment of data accumulation and pretreatment are presented and validated. A method of balancing helicopter classical and coaxial rotors is presented. The method is based on the analysis of the effect of varying the values of the adjustment parameters of rotor blades (balance weight, assembly swash plate, tab angle) on the values of amplitudes of vibration harmonic components. The main goals of the support center concerning the technical condition of helicopter drives and its cooperation with the operator are stated.
Modification of the starter turbine disk for blade containment certification tests
Authors:   Central Institute of Aviation Motors named after P.I. Baranov, Karimbaev K. , Sapronov D. ,   Central Institute of Aviation Motors named after P.I. Baranov
Published: December 2015

The paper is related to gas turbine engine starter-generator blade containment tests. The starter turbine case is expected to contain a fragment resulting from rotor fracture with the maximal level of kinetic energy. It has been proved that one third of a rotor is a fragment with the maximal level of kinetic energy. It is possible to provide this type of fracture for rotors with central holes by special trimming. However, if the disc and the shaft are a one-piece structure formation of such a fragment seems to be a problem. This type of fracture is assumed to be impossible. The aim of this work is to specify the most energy-consuming fragment in the case of possible fracture and choose a way of conducting certification tests. The method presented in the paper is based on introducing a “weak link” –local thinning- in the area under the rim. It allows separating the rim and the blades with an admissible level of kinetic energy. Some proposals for certification tests are presented.
Statistical estimation of load-bearing capacity of titanium alloy discs
Authors:   Central Institute of Aviation Motors named after P.I. Baranov, Kutyrev V.
Published: December 2015

The results of overspeed tests of titanium alloy model and full-scale discs are presented in the paper. The parameters of static distribution of the discs’ relative strength are determined for the discs destroyed according to the meridian pattern and the cylindrical pattern in samples of model and full-scale structures with and without holes in the casing. It is shown that in samples of model and full-scale discs with or without holes in the body in the case of fracture along the meridian section the average values of relative disc strength are equal, which indicates insignificant influence of the above- mentioned designs and presence of holes on the relative disc strength. In samples of discs with and without holes destroyed according to the cylindrical pattern the average values of relative disc strength are also equal, which testifies to insignificant influence of holes on the relative disc strength. In disc samples destroyed by the meridian pattern and the cylindrical pattern the average values of relative disc strength are not equal, which testifies to significant influence of the fracture pattern on the relative disc strength. The results can be used for predicting margins on the disc break-up rotation frequency.
Outcomes of singleton and twin breech deliveries in a ten year (2005 to 2014) retrospective audit at two rural hospitals in Papua New Guinea’s Gulf Province
Authors: Carpenter Richard James , Mola Glen Liddell
Published: December 2015

Introduction The aim of this audit was to investigate the rates of breech-related perinatal death and maternal and neo-natal morbidity in a resource-poor setting where caesarean sections are difficult to perform. Method. An audit of 5,102 babies born at two rural Papua New Guinean hospitals, Kapuna and Kikori, from 2005 to 2014 inclusive was performed. Information was gathered from the facility obstetric registers and supplemented by Kikori Hospital’s surgical register. During the period there were 179 breech presentations (103 singletons, 76 twins). The primary outcome was defined as perinatal death. Secondary outcomes were neonatal morbidity and maternal post-partum haemorrhage. Exclusion criteria were applied prior to analysis. These included: Likely pre-labour intrauterine death; mother presenting to hospital in second or third stage; baby born before arrival at hospital; prematurity recorded in the notes or birth weight less than 1500g as a surrogate marker; significant fetal abnormality; and significant maternal medical condition. Findings. The adjusted incidence of the outcomes were: Perinatal death for vaginal breech singletons 235/1,000 (95% CI 158-336/1,000) and vaginal breech twins 31/1,000 (95% CI 9-107/1,000); neonatal morbidity for vaginal breech singletons 141/1,000 (95% CI 82-231/1,000) and vaginal breech twins 31/1,000 (95% CI 9-107/1,000); post-partum haemorrhage for vaginal breech singletons 129/1,000 (95% CI 74-217/1,000) and vaginal breech twins 230/1,000 (95% CI 137-361/1,000). Conclusions. Poor outcomes for singleton vaginal breech delivery at the two hospitals were common. The potential in the rural setting for increased education on safe trial of vaginal breach delivery as well as increasing access to caesarean sections deserves consideration. 
Effect of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on measures of football performance - with reference to the impact of training status
Authors: Mohr Magni
Published: December 2015

Purpose: To investigate effects of acute sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) ingestion on performance during a football-specific protocol, with reference to mediating effects of intermittent training status. Methods: Ten male university football players (age: 21±1 yrs, height: 180±2 cm, mass: 78.8±2.8 kg) completed two six-a-side football matches after ingesting either 0.4 g.kg-1 NaHCO3 (staggered over 90-min) or no supplement (CON) in a randomised, counterbalanced order. Activity profiles, blood [lactate], HR and gastrointestinal distress determined throughout. Training status was evaluated using Yo-YoIR1, Yo-YoIR2 and repeated-sprint tests. Results: Players performed 70.3% more high-speed running (17-21 km.h-1) during 0-5min following NaHCO3 ingestion vs. CON (17.9±5.2 vs. 10.5±3.1 m, P<0.05). No other significant activity profile differences, including high-intensity running (HIR; >14km.hr-1), existed between conditions during any period (P>0.05). However, total HIR increased for 70% of participants following NaHCO3 vs. CON (P>0.05). Large-very large correlations (0.5<r<0.9) existed between training status measures and HIR improvement from CON to NaHCO3 during certain match periods (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acute NaHCO3 ingestion appears ergogenic for some, but not all, football performance measures. Furthermore, individual variability in HIR response suggests this ergogenic potential is not realised by everyone. Correlational analysis suggests higher intermittent training status may potentiate NaHCO3 efficacy.
Sort of Turkey's top 20 banks by cipher suite value
Authors: Yesiltepe Mirsat , Yilmaz Beyza , Yeni Ozge , Kurulay Muhammet
Published: December 2015

Today, the main purpose of increasing importance of banks that transfer funds and expanding application areas [1]. As in all areas of the financial sector on security is an important issue. Cloud technology and the increasing importance of security issues in this area is not limited because it is not certain can occur unexpectedly. The aim of this study is located in the ranking of the top 20 banks in Turkey in 2014 [2] is classified according to various criteria. This is undoubtedly one of the troughs with the classification criteria is their Cipher Suite.
Keywords: Missing Value, Ranking, SSL
Table of contents
Authors: Rahimi Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ali
Published: December 2015

Table of contents
The attention of the new public service in implementation of local autonomy bureaucracy in Indonesia
Authors: Datu T., T.
Published: December 2015

A principle of New Public Service in building performance is important in maintaining the efficiency, effectiveness and customer satisfaction. Paradigm of New Public Service as a public servant more prioritizes the interests of the public by improving the quality of service. Administrators who are responsible have to work to involve citizens in implementing programs to achieve general goals.

The economic crisis that hit Indonesia since 1997 until today shows that Indonesia does not have a solid foundation to be tough to face global changes. The Government has always had difficulty in reducing this nation to rise from adversity of economic, social, and politics. This misunderstanding increases uncertainty of economic, social, and politics, while the cost of providing government also increased.

Changes in Law No 5 in 1974 to Law No 32 in 2004 and Law No 25 in 1999 has not produced output that benefits society. In fact, there were impressed that the society is getting harder to obtain rights of public service. Moreover, if they are associated with the quality of government bureaucracy, the realization of local autonomy and rise of abuse of authority in government bureaucracy that estimated the systemic and even to the affected areas.

 

 Keywords: new public service, bureaucracy, local autonomy
Introducing Form-Function Theory Evidence from the Post Position “ra” and Focus Marker “ke” in Persian
Authors: Oroji Mohammadreza , Rahbarian Shidak
Published: December 2015

 

Traditionally in linguistics, there used to be trends to observe linguistic data from a definite angle; form or function. However, in modern linguistics, it has been fashionable to figure out a sort of interface between viewpoints such as syntax-pragmatic interface. There are elements in some languages which prompt the linguists to look upon them interactively and synchronously. Morphemes such as ‘ra’ and ‘ke’ in Persian necessitate an interactive scrutiny incorporating both formal and functional outlooks. Form-Function Theory introduced by Dabir-Moghaddam (2009) has facilitated the analysis of such elements. This article attempts to re-introduce this theory on the basis of evidence from Persian.

 

 Keywords: Form, function, form-function theory, interface, focus marker
School-Community Partnership - an effective tool, useful for environmental community development of Romanian countryside
Authors: Băneș A. , Orboi M.D. , Popescu C. , Iancu T.
Published: December 2015

This paper presents the theoretical and practical implications of school - community partnership in community development of Romanian rural environment by conducting a content analysis of the addressed topic. In most Western countries, the trend of opening the school to the community is obvious. Because the resources for education are falling, the partnership can be an effective tool for better management of local resources, a way of attracting new resources for school, and harnessing the school resource in benefit of the community. Also, to ensure good quality education is necessary for every school to achieve a genuine partnership with its community. Under this partnership it is natural to find their place all social categories and all interested institutions in the development of education: human resources of the education system, students enrolled in schools, students families, government institutions and NGOs. In rural areas, the school is the most powerful institution, vital for community development. The school must be open to the needs of the rural community to identify those areas where it can develop community partnerships: alternative leisure activities for children and youth, activities of road education, health, helping the elderly and poor families, involvement in humanitarian campaigns, etc. The role of the school, parents and local authorities is very great, and the development of an active partnership between these participants in Romanian rural areas would reduce school dropout and integrate children with special educational needs. Schools that have developed genuine partnerships within the local school shows that the benefits are significant.

 

Keywords: school-community partnership, dropout, integration, community development
Message From the Editor
Authors: Editor From the
Published: December 2015

It is an honour for us to welcome you as Editors of World Journal on Educational Technology which has accepted publications indexed in qualified databases since 2009. We are ready to publish the new studies of World Journal on Educational Technology which has 5 full length articles written by authors from, Jordan, Iran, Russia and Turkey.

The aim of this issue is to give the researchers an opportunity to share their academic studies. First of all, I would like to thank all who have contributed to this issue. There are different focuses. For example, Majedah Fawzi Abu Al Rub examined the types of educational technology practices that kindergarten and elementary teachers in Denver, Colorado, USA, implement in their classrooms and their beliefs concerning the implementation of educational technology in their classrooms. The researcher found that teacher participants integrate a variety of technology into their classrooms. The results also showed that the participants are committed to utilize technology because they strongly believe that it benefits students.

On the other hand, Forouzan Rezaeian Tiyar and Hooshang Khoshsima investigated the Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM) factors of Post-Adoption Expectation (PAE) which is explored via using language learnersâ€™ post-adoption experiences in the use of e-learning systems. Learning process, tutor interaction, peer interaction, and course design are the four factors identified used for extending the perception of language learnersâ€™ experiences in e-learning. Also, Marina Valeryevna Kuimova, Maksim Anatolyevich Golousenko, Denis Sergeevich Nikiforov and Vladislav Vladimirovich Shcherbakov  aimed in their study of foreign language teaching is to learn to communicate and overcome the language barrier. The article studies the theoretical background of WebQuest as a valuable tool and proves that it helps learners to acquire linguistic and extra-linguistic knowledge. And, Afsaneh Baharloo and Saeed Mehrpour aimed to investigate the status quo of critical pedagogy in Iran. It focused on examining language teachersâ€™ stances on implementing the principles of critical pedagogy in their classrooms. Also, of particular interest was the study of gender difference in practicing critical pedagogy in language institutes in Iran. 

Finally, Ali Semerci and Hafize Keser carried out a study on instructors. In this study, instructorsâ€™ computer self-efficacy perceptions are examined in terms of variables such as age, gender, academic status, teaching experience, computer literacy and computer skills. The study is a descriptive one in which relational scanning method has been utilized.

I would like to express my thanks to all authors preferring World Journal on Educational Technology to make their articles published, all reviewers working seriously in the process of publishing, and also quest editors supporting us in this process.

 

Best regards,

Editor-in-Chief

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fezile Ozdamli
Understanding students’ satisfaction and continuance intention of e-learning: Application of expectation–confirmation model
Authors: Tiyar Forouzan Rezaeian , Khoshsima Hooshang
Published: December 2015

The evolution of technologies leads to the great significance of e-learning in the domain of education. Recognition of the crucial factors which influence learners’ aims towards continued use of e-learning would guide teachers, learners and e-learning developers to increase e-learning use. To this end, the present study investigates the Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM) factors of Post-Adoption Expectation (PAE) which is explored via using language learners’ post-adoption experiences in the use of e-learning systems. Learning process, tutor interaction, peer interaction, and course design are the four factors identified used for extending the perception of language learners’ experiences in e-learning. The survey method was used to empirically validate the suggested model (ECM) of the present study. A total sample of 120 Iranian university students participated in the study.

In order to investigate the proposed model, structural equation modelling employing Smart PLS 2.0 was run. The findings indicate that learners’ confirmation of using e-learning has a significant effect on the four aforementioned factors. Learning process and course design are the only two factors that have a significant effect on users’ satisfaction and continuance intention. On the other hand, the results showed that tutor interaction and peer interaction do not have a significant effect on predicting learners’ satisfaction and continuance intention of e-learning systems.

 

Keywords: e-learning, students’ satisfaction, students’ continuance intention, expectation-confirmation model, post-adoption expectation
Advantages of using webquests in Efl Classes in A Technical University
Authors: Kuimova Marina Valeryevna , Golousenko Maksim Anatolyevich , Nikiforov Denis Sergeevich , Vladimirovich Vladislav
Published: December 2015

The main purpose of foreign language teaching is to learn to communicate and overcome the language barrier. The article studies the theoretical background of WebQuest as a valuable tool and proves that it helps learners to acquire linguistic and extra-linguistic knowledge. WebQuests ensure a context-based learning environment, help to broaden learners’ perspectives by widening ideas and concepts on different topics and acquiring creative, critical and problem-solving skills. The authors demonstrate positive outcomes of the work with WebQuest in foreign language classes at the Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University.

 

Keywords: creative skills, foreign language teaching, Internet resources, Internet technology, WebQuest.
On the implementation of critical pedagogy in english language institutes in Iran
Authors: Mehrpour Saeed , Baharloo Afsaneh
Published: December 2015

This research aimed to investigate the status quo of critical pedagogy in Iran. It focused on examining language teachers’ stances on implementing the principles of critical pedagogy in their classrooms. Also, of particular interest was the study of gender difference in practicing critical pedagogy in language institutes in Iran. At first, the Critical Pedagogy Implementation Inventory, developed by Mozaffari (2011), was administered to 116 instructors teaching at language institutes to collect the required quantitative data. In the second phase of the study, forty-six of the participants were interviewed to gather some complementary qualitative data. The researchers utilized descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Cronbach’s Alpha, chi-square, and independent samples T-test for the quantitative phase of the study, and techniques based on grounded theory in the qualitative phase. Data analysis revealed that the majority of language teachers were in favor of practicing critical pedagogy in their classrooms. However, it was found that critical pedagogy is not efficiently practiced in Iranian educational contexts and even the teachers who advocated the principles of critical pedagogy had an almost average score on the Critical Pedagogy Implementation Inventory. In fact, the teachers claimed that there were some barriers to practicing critical pedagogy in Iran. The top-down educational system, prescriptive approaches to supervision, class size, learners’ expectations, conventional teacher-student relationships, and their traditionally-defined roles were among the main hurdles that impeded an appropriate implementation of critical pedagogy in classrooms. Further investigation also revealed that there was a significant difference between male and female teachers’ stances on practicing critical pedagogy. It was revealed that female instructors tended to be more positively immersed in such implementation.

 

Keywords: critical pedagogy (CP), educational contexts, foreign language teachers, prescriptive supervision

 
HADIS DAN SUNNAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF IGNAZ GOLDZIHER
Authors: Rohmansyah Rohmansyah
Published: December 2015

Hadith and Sunnah become the principal source of Islamic teachings that serve as explanatory of the verses of the Koran. But most of the Orientalist Ignaz Goldziher assess and make a statement to distinguish between the hadith and sunnah. According to the Sunnah is seen as a revision of the customs that occurred at that time even if not strengthen the overall sense. Meanwhile, according to the hadith is the result of the development of Islam in the areas of religion, politics, and social in the past two centuries, the first and second centuries. Hadith is not a document of Islam in the early days of growth, but rather a product of the new Prophet, then something new can be rejected and can not be used as a source of Islamic law. In addition, the Hadith is also one of the effects of Muslim rule that occurs during the glory.
Kritik atas Kritik Epistemologi Tafsir M. Abied al-Jabiri: Studi kritis atas Madkhal ila al-Qur’an al-Karim
Authors: Fawaid Ahmad
Published: December 2015

Tulisan ini akan membahas epistemologi tafsir Muhammad Abid al-Jabiri secara kritis yang tertuang dalam bukunya, Madkhal ila al-Qur’an al-Karim. Buku trakhir al-Jabiri ini diproyeksikan untuk menjadikan al-Qur’an relevan bagi umat manusia saat ini dan tentu dengan mengkritisi Quranic Studies klasik yang telah dibangun oleh ulama-ulama terdahulu. Berangkat dari kritik nalar Arab, yang diharapkan akan mampu mensinergikan kesenjangan antara turath dan modernitas, al-Jabiri mencoba teorinya masuk dalam ranah kajian al-Qur’an yang diorientasikan dapat menjaga orisinilitas quranic studies dan tafsirnya dari pengaruh sektarian. Tertarik dengan model pembacaan al-Jabiri atas al-Qur’an, tulisan ini berusaha mengkajinya dan mengaitkan beberapa persoalan dengan epistemologi proyek Kritik Nalar Arab. Akhirnya, tulisan ini memberi kesimpulan bahwa tawaran epistemologi al-Jabiri yang digunakan dalam turath tidak sepenuhnya dapat diterapkan dalam quranic studies karena beberapa hal. Pertama, keilmuan Quranic studies ada kaitannya dengan matarantai sanad dalam pembentukannya. Kedua, pada tahapan aplikatifnya, al-Jabiri banyak mengabaikan sanad dan riwayat-riwayat dari sahabat.