bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of thickness values in nine macular subfields using time-domain and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: Schneider Miklós , Szekeres Orsolya , Kiss Huba , Kis Mária , Papp András , Németh János
Published: December 2013

Aim: To compare macular thickness measurements with spectral-domain (Cirrus HD-OCT) and time-domain (StratusOCT) optical coherence tomography. Method: Macular thickness was measured in nine ETDRS subfields in the same eye of 20 healthy subjects using both instruments. Using Cirrus HD-OCT both the Macular Cube 512×128 and Macular Cube 200×200 protocol, using StratusOCT the Fast Macular Thickness Map protocol was performed. Reproducibility of all three measurement series was assessed and the average of the measurement series was compared on each field. Results: Measurement values obtained by StratusOCT were significantly lower than those obtained by Cirrus HD-OCT (p<0.001) in all subfields. Correlation coefficient between the results obtained by the two protocols of Cirrus HD-OCT was 0.977. Conclusions: By using Cirrus HD-OCT we could observe better repeatability than with StratusOCT. Using Cirrus HD-OCT significantly higher measurement values could be obtained in all subfields than those measured with Stratus. Using different OCT instruments we get significantly different values, therefore care needs to be taken when comparing data. Orv. Hetil., 154(52), 2059–2064.
Postoperative therapy of penetrating keratoplasty in herpes simplex keratitis
Authors: Süveges Ildikó , Füst Ágnes , Imre László
Published: December 2013

Introduction: Keratitis due to herpes simplex infection is a common cause of corneal damage resulting in impaired vision. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of penetrating keratoplasties in patients treated with systemic antiviral and immunosuppressive drugs. Method: The authors retrospectively analysed data of 12 patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty. The average age at onset of the first keratitis preceding surgery was 18 years (between 5 and 40 years). The indication for surgery in 9 cases was to improve vision and in 3 patient to prevent corneal perforation. Nine patients were given both acyclovir and mycophenolate mofetil, as anti-viral agent and immunosuppressive treatment, respectively. Two patients were treated with anti-viral agent only while one patient received no systemic therapy. The average follow-up time was 53.1 months (between 16 and 84 months). Results: Of the 9 patients who underwent surgery for improving vision, 8 patients had transparent grafts during follow up without vascularization. All eight patients had been treated with acyclovir and mycophenolate mofetil. In one patient who had no systemic treatment recurrence and graft rejection was observed. Only one of the surgeries performed in acute stage of inflammation resulted in a properly healed transparent graft without recurrence and rejection. In this patient acyclivir and mycophenolate mofetil therapy had been given previously. In two cases the preventive – full or partial – systemic treatment had no effect. The visual acuity improved in all cases. In three patients visual acuity was influenced by some other factors as well. Conclusions: The systemic acyclovir and mycophenolat mofetil therapy is fairly successful in perforating keratoplasty due to herpes simplex infection. Acyclovir decreases the risk of recurrence, while mycophenolate mofetil may prevent graft rejection. The timing of surgery is decisive; it leads to better results when performed in a scarred, noninflammatory state. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154(52), 2065–2070.
Current surgical methods for advanced glaucoma
Authors: Holló Gábor
Published: December 2013

The author summarizes the most effective types of glaucoma surgery in advanced glaucoma. In high pressure advanced glaucoma a low target intraocular pressure is to be set. The most effective method of reaching this target pressure level is mitomycin C trabeculectomy combined with effective pre- and postoperative antiinflammatory treatment. However, in several cases glaucoma filtering surgery gradually fails due to increased episcleral fibrosis. In these cases use of long-tube glaucoma drainage devices is recommended. In Hungary use of the Ahmed implant has provided favourable clinical outcome even in the most complicated, high pressure, advanced glaucoma cases. Modern types of surgical treatment of advanced glaucoma need to be known by non-ophthalmologist physicians for more than a decade. This may help them to propose the optimal treatment modality to their glaucoma patients. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154(52), 2052–2058.
Manufacturing Method of Large-Scale Fractured Porous Media for Experimental Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Liu Yuetian , Ding Zupeng , Ao Kun , Zhang Yong , Wei Jun
Published: December 2013

A new manufacturing method for a fractured porous model for macroscopic experimental simulation of an oil reservoir is presented to reduce significantly the uncertainty of reservoir numerical simulation. Large numbers of small-cube rocks with the same size made from natural rocks of selected outcrops are bonded in specific ways to form a big rock. The bonded faces among the small rocks compose a 3D fracture system in the big rock. The big rock is the fractured porous medium of the models for experimental reservoir simulation. Every small rock exists as a particle of the fractured medium. Because the number, size, and positions of small rocks can be adjusted optionally, the size and shape of the fractured media can also be adjusted optionally. With the selection of suitable rocks, adhesives, and bonding patterns, the distributions of physical properties in fractured media (e.g., fracture density, permeability, porosity, imbibition) are quantitatively controlled, and they can be heterogeneous and anisotropic in accordance with objective reservoirs. Experimental models made of the fractured media can fully satisfy similarity criteria. The application example in this paper showed that experimental models can be used not only to simulate and forecast directly the exploitation processes of the fractured porous-media reservoirs but also to verify and/or modify numerical reservoir simulation.
The Application of Microcontroller MC9S08DZ60 in Automotive CAN Bus Electronic Control Unit
Authors: Wang Yi , He Liren
Published: December 2013

Being an excellent field-bus, CAN bus has increasingly been used in automotive electronic systems.
MC9S08DZ60, an MCU of the S08D Series of Freescale company is an 8-bit universal automotive electronics controller
with a CAN module. In this paper, the design of automotive electronic control unit is introduced based on the
MC9S08DZ60. The hardware structure and software design processes have been shown. This circuit has characteristics of
simple, low cost, high reliability and real-time. It has provided a scientific basis for the development of the CAN communication
electronic control unit based on a microprocessor.
Design of Intelligent Hanger Based on Single Chip and Pro-E
Authors: Jia Xingjian , Chu Changbao
Published: December 2013

A new type of intelligent hanger was designed based on single chip and Pro-E software. 3D entity model of actuator
and cover curtain mechanism are established by Pro-E. Wings structure of hanger mechanical part was adopted
screw rod and motor combination of the lifting mechanism can make the wings outspread and fold, unique cover curtain
structure was adopted. Cover curtain rolls up and down through the motor driving. The control system adopts AT89C52
single chip. According to the information that coming from the rain sensor and the temperature sensor, two stepper motor’s
positive and negative rotational motion was controlled. So as to realize automatic adjustment when it rains. The
hanger will be automatically closed when the temperature is higher than expected, and the hanger will be automatically
opened when the temperature is less than expected. The hanger that has been produced has a good performance.
The Exploded Fine-Grained Volcanic Sources of the Desert West and the Primacy of Tool Function in Material Selection
Authors: Duke Daron G.
Published: December 2013

Fine-grained volcanic (FGV) procurement sites in western North America are examined with regard to the apparent preference for their use over alternatives that would conventionally be considered higher quality. A flintknapping experiment is described that addresses this issue, and the results are discussed in light of functional requirements in prehistoric, especially Paleoindian, technologies. Variability in the selection of FGV material is found to be based on strength and durability and can be seen to change according to textural differences. A case is made for reasserting the importance of function as critical to understanding the economics of lithic resource use. Particular emphasis is placed on how functional requirements interact with transport concerns in mobile toolkits. Data indicators are described that can be used to distinguish these priorities, and several Great Basin archaeological examples are provided.
Lithic Sources in Wyoming's Upper Green River Basin
Authors: Dowd Anne S. , Vlcek David
Published: December 2013

Chert, quartzite, and steatite source areas have been documented in the Upper Green River Basin of western Wyoming. Riparian processes and glacial action have transported materials and modified the distributions of some deposits, producing a range of primary ( in situ geological strata) and secondary (re-deposited) source areas that were popular at different times. The results of characterization methods used to identify local and non-local (e.g., obsidian and ignimbrite) lithic raw materials in the region are summarized in order to discuss native mobility, exchange, social interaction, and resistance strategies to colonization.
Taking it to the River: Arkansas Novaculite Quarrying and Archaic Period Tool Production
Authors: Etchieson Meeks , Trubitt Mary Beth
Published: December 2013

Arkansas Novaculite, outcropping on ridge tops in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas and Oklahoma, was a critical resource for Indians living in both mountains and coastal plains. We review recent archaeological research on novaculite quarries and the movement of toolstone away from outcrops, especially during the Middle and Late Archaic Period (6,100-650 BC). Toolstone procurement was intensive and extensive, as shown through mapping of quarry features at Spanish Diggings, a major quarry at the southeastern end of the Novaculite Uplift. Analysis of tool production debris at the Jones Mill Site on the Ouachita River focuses on identifying heat treatment and biface reduction as people moved novaculite from source to habitation.
Island Quarries, Island Axeheads, and the Neolithic of Ireland and Britain
Authors: Cooney Gabriel , Warren Graeme , Ballin Torben
Published: December 2013

A notable feature of the Neolithic Period (4,000-2,500 cal B.C.) of northwest Europe is the exploitation of lithic sources on islands for the production of stone axeheads and other artifacts. This article focuses on three such islands: 1) Rathlin in the North Channel off the northeast coast of Ireland, 2) the island group of Shetland between the North Atlantic and the North Sea, and 3) the island of Lambay off the east coast of Ireland. This work provides support for the importance of insular axehead sources during the Neolithic. The quarries on these islands and the pattern of the distribution of their products provide evidence of quite different scales and organization of quarrying activity and extent of distribution of products from the quarries and hence types of social networks.
The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study at 30 Years: Overview
Authors: Nathan David M. ,   for the DCCT/EDIC Research Group
Published: December 2013

OBJECTIVE

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) was designed to test the glucose hypothesis and determine whether the complications of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) could be prevented or delayed. The Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) observational follow-up determined the durability of the DCCT effects on the more-advanced stages of diabetes complications including cardiovascular disease (CVD).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The DCCT (1982–1993) was a controlled clinical trial in 1,441 subjects with T1DM comparing intensive therapy (INT), aimed at achieving levels of glycemia as close to the nondiabetic range as safely possible, with conventional therapy (CON), which aimed to maintain safe asymptomatic glucose control. INT utilized three or more daily insulin injections or insulin pump therapy guided by self-monitored glucose. EDIC (1994–present) is an observational study of the DCCT cohort.

RESULTS

The DCCT followed >99% of the cohort for a mean of 6.5 years and demonstrated a 35–76% reduction in the early stages of microvascular disease with INT, with a median HbA1c of 7%, compared with CONV, with a median HbA1c of 9%. The major adverse effect of INT was a threefold increased risk of hypoglycemia, which was not associated with a decline in cognitive function or quality of life. EDIC showed a durable effect of initial assigned therapies despite a loss of the glycemic separation (metabolic memory) and demonstrated that the reduction in early-stage complications during the DCCT translated into substantial reductions in severe complications and CVD.

CONCLUSIONS

DCCT/EDIC has demonstrated the effectiveness of INT in reducing the long-term complications of T1DM and improving the prospects for a healthy life span.
The Relation between Postural Movement and Bilateral Motor Integration: Comment on Lin, et al. (2012)
Authors: Niklasson Mats
Published: December 2013

In a recent study, Lin, Wu, Lin, Wu, Wu, and Kuo (2012) contributed to the theory of sensory integration by showing a high correlation between postural movement and bilateral motor integration. However, in their analysis, the authors excluded a subscale measuring reflex integration, since they regarded its items as being unconnected to postural movement and bilateral motor integration. This comment offers a complementary view and suggests that there may be a connection with reflex integration.
Significance of Autobiographical Episodes and Spacing Effects in Incidental Memory
Authors: Toyota Hiroshi
Published: December 2013

Participants were presented with target words on two occasions, and were asked each time to generate a memory of a past episode associated with the targets. Participants were also instructed to rate the importance (significance elaboration) or pleasantness of the episode (pleasantness elaboration) in an orienting task, followed by an unexpected recall test. Significance elaboration led to better recall than pleasantness elaboration, but only in the spaced presentation. The spaced presentation led to better free recall than massed presentation with significance elaboration, but the difference between the two types of presentation was not observed with pleasantness elaboration. These results suggest that the significance of an episode is more critical than the pleasantness of an episode in determining the effectiveness of autobiographical elaboration in facilitating recall.
Driving Performance Changes of Middle-Aged Experienced Taxi Drivers Due to Distraction Tasks during Unexpected Situations
Authors: Kim Hyung-Sik , Choi Mi-Hyun , Choi Jin-Seung , Kim Hyun-Joo , Hong Sang-Pyo , Jun Jae-Hoon , Tack Gye-Rae , Kim Boseong , Min Byung-Chan , Lim Dae-Woon , Chung Soon-Cheol
Published: December 2013

This study investigated the effects of distraction tasks—such as sending a text message with a cellphone and searching navigation with car navigation system—on the driving performance of 29 highly experienced taxi drivers in their 50 s. All participants were instructed to drive using a driving simulator for 2 min. while maintaining a constant distance from the vehicle in front and a constant speed. Participants drove without any distractions for the first minute. For an additional minute, they performed Driving Only or performed a task while driving (Driving + Sending Text Message or Driving + Searching Navigation). An unexpected situation, in which the participant had to stop abruptly due to a sudden stop of the preceding vehicle, occurred during this period. Driving performance during the unexpected situation was evaluated by car control variables, medial-lateral coefficient of variation and brake time, and by motion variables such as the jerk-cost function. Compared to Driving Only, jerk-cost function, medial-lateral coefficient of variation, and brake time increased during Driving + Sending Text Message or Driving + Searching Navigation.
Separating Responses Based on Demand Characteristics and Phenomenological–Spatial Associations
Authors: Hansen Steve , Gonzalez David A. , Lyons James L.
Published: December 2013

Previous researchers have found that participants associate higher frequencies with locations that are higher in space and lower frequencies with lower locations, creating a phenomenological–spatial association for the frequency of auditory tones. With such an association, the frequency of an auditory tone could potentially bias movements along multiple axes. This hypothesis was tested. In four experiments, nine frequencies (250–1,250 Hz) were binaurally presented to blindfolded participants ( n = 10, 12, 20, & 9; M age = 22 yr.) who indicated the perceived location of the stimuli on a measurement scale oriented in the vertical, the horizontal (Experiment 1), or depth dimension (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, participants were asked to indicate the perceived location of the frequencies on a two-dimensional vertical board located in front of them. In Experiment 4, participants indicated the perceived location in three-dimensional space. An optoelectronic device recorded at all locations. Analyses of constant error indicated a spatial association in the vertical, horizontal, and depth dimensions when responses were restricted to only one dimension (Experiments 1 & 2). Higher frequencies were perceived to be located higher, farther to the right, and farther away from the body than lower frequencies. However, this spatial association was only exhibited in the vertical dimension when the responses were unconstrained in two dimensions (vertical and horizontal; Experiment 3) and all three dimensions (Experiment 4). Although this spatial association is a robust phenomenon, it appears that the association only biases actions when indicating perceived locations in the vertical dimension during unconstrained responses.
An extension of Babbage’s criterion for primality
Authors: Meštrović Romeo
Published: December 2013

Let n > 1 and k > 1 be positive integers. We show that if $$\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c}
{n + m} \\
n \\

\end{array} } \right) \equiv 1 (\bmod k)$$ for each integer m with 0 ≤ m ≤ n − 1, then k is a prime and n is a power of this prime. In particular, this assertion under the hypothesis that n = k implies that n is a prime. This was proved by Babbage, and thus our result may be considered as a generalization of this criterion for primality.
Ankeny-Artin-Chowla type congruences modulo p
3
Authors: Jakubec Stanislav , Marko František
Published: December 2013

The goal of this paper is to use algebraic techniques to compute sums of powers of roots of certain polynomials and derive congruences of Ankeny-Artin-Chowla types modulo p
3.
Affine maps of state spaces and state spaces of K
0 groups
Authors: Zhu Xiaosheng
Published: December 2013

Let φ be a homomorphism from the partially ordered abelian group (S, v) to the partially ordered abelian group (G, u) with φ(v) = u, where v and u are order units of S and G respectively. Then φ induces an affine map φ* from the state space St(G, u) to the state space St(S, v). Firstly, in this paper, we give some suitable conditions under which φ* is injective, surjective or bijective. Let R be a semilocal ring with the Jacobson radical J(R) and let π: R → R/J(R) be a canonical map. We discuss the affine map (K
0
π)*. Secondly, for a semiprime right Goldie ring R with the maximal right quotient ring Q, we consider the relations between St(R) and St(Q). Some results from [ALFARO, R.: State spaces, finite algebras, and skew group rings, J. Algebra 139 (1991), 134–154] and [GOODEARL, K. R.-WARFIELD, R. B., Jr.: State spaces of K
0
of noetherian rings, J. Algebra 71 (1981), 322–378] are extended.
Entire functions sharing sets of small functions with their difference operators or shifts
Authors: Chen BaoQin , Chen ZongXuan
Published: December 2013

We show some interesting results concerning entire functions sharing two sets of small functions CM with their difference operators or shifts.
Stability analysis of differential equations with maximum
Authors: Stamova Ivanka , Stamov Gani
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we investigate stability of the zero solution of differential equations with maximum by using Lyapunov functions and Razumikhin techniques. Sufficient conditions for stability, uniform stability and asymptotic stability of the zero solution of such equations are found.
Oscillation criteria for fourth-order functional differential equations
Authors: Grace Said , Bohner Martin , Liu Ailian
Published: December 2013

Some new criteria for the oscillation of all solutions of certain fourth-order functional differential equations are established.
The Dirichlet problem for elliptic equations in weighted Sobolev spaces on unbounded domains of the plane
Authors: Boccia Serena , Salvato Maria , Transirico Maria
Published: December 2013

This paper deals with the Dirichlet problem for second order linear elliptic equations in unbounded domains of the plane in weighted Sobolev spaces. We prove an a priori bound and an existence and uniqueness result.
On equiconvergence of number series
Authors: Zeltser M.
Published: December 2013

In many classical tests for convergence of number series monotonicity of terms of series is a basic assumption. It was shown by Liflyand, Tikhonov and Zeltser that many of these tests are applicable not only to monotone sequences but also to those from a wider class, called weak monotone. Being more general this class still does not allow zeros and too much oscillation. In this paper we extend the class of weak monotonicity to include the mentioned cases and verify that the convergence tests considered by the mentioned authors still hold on this weaker assumption.
A note on trans-Sasakian manifolds
Authors: Deshmukh Sharief , Tripathi Mukut
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we obtain some sufficient conditions for a 3-dimensional compact trans-Sasakian manifold of type (α, β) to be homothetic to a Sasakian manifold. A characterization of a 3-dimensional cosymplectic manifold is also obtained.
A note on λ-compact spaces
Authors: Karamzadeh O. , Namdari M. , Siavoshi M.
Published: December 2013

We extend the well-known and important fact that “a topological space X is compact if and only if every ideal in C(X) is fixed”, to more general topological spaces. Some interesting consequences are also observed. In particular, the maximality of compact Hausdorff spaces with respect to the property of compactness is generalized and the topological spaces with this generalized property are characterized.
Path components of the space of gradient vector fields on the two-dimensional disc
Authors: Bartłomiejczyk Piotr , Nowak-Przygodzki Piotr
Published: December 2013

We present a short proof that if two gradient maps on the two-dimensional disc have the same degree, then they are gradient homotopic.
In situ Surface Tailoring with Zwitterionic Carboxybetaine Moieties on Self-Assembled Thin Film for Antifouling Biointerfaces
Authors: Huang Chun-Jen , Chang Ying-Chih
Published: December 2013

A novel biointerface bearing zwitterionic carboxybetaine moieties was developed for effective resistance to nonspecific adsorption of proteins and blood cells. Self-assembled thin films (SAFs) of (N,N-dimethylaminopropyl) trimethoxysilane were formed as mattress layers by either vapor or solution deposition. Subsequently, the tertiary amine head groups on SAFs were reacted with β-propiolactone to give zwitterionic carboxybetaine moieties via in situ synthesis. The optimal reaction time of 8 h for both preparation methods was verified by static contact angle measurements. According to the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, 67.3% of amine groups on SAFs prepared from the vapor deposition was converted to the zwitterionic structures after reaction of β-propiolactone. The antifouling properties of the zwitterionic biointerfaces were quantitatively evaluated in the presence of protein solutions using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, showing a great improvement by factors of 6.5 and 20.2 from tertiary amine SAFs and bare SiO2 surfaces, respectively. More importantly, the zwitterionic SAFs were brought to contact with undiluted human blood in chaotic-mixer microfluidic systems; the results present their capability to effectively repel blood cell adhesion. Accordingly, in this work, development of carboxybetaine SAFs offers a facile yet effective strategy to fabricate biocompatible biointerfaces for a variety of potential applications in surface coatings for medical devices.
Continuous Monitoring of Turning in Patients with Movement Disability
Authors: El-Gohary Mahmoud , Pearson Sean , McNames James , Mancini Martina , Horak Fay , Mellone Sabato , Chiari Lorenzo
Published: December 2013

Difficulty with turning is a major contributor to mobility disability and falls in people with movement disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Turning often results in freezing and/or falling in patients with PD. However, asking a patient to execute a turn in the clinic often does not reveal their impairments. Continuous monitoring of turning with wearable sensors during spontaneous daily activities may help clinicians and patients determine who is at risk of falls and could benefit from preventative interventions. In this study, we show that continuous monitoring of natural turning with wearable sensors during daily activities inside and outside the home is feasible for people with PD and elderly people. We developed an algorithm to detect and characterize turns during gait, using wearable inertial sensors. First, we validate the turning algorithm in the laboratory against a Motion Analysis system and against a video analysis of 21 PD patients and 19 control (CT) subjects wearing an inertial sensor on the pelvis. Compared to Motion Analysis and video, the algorithm maintained a sensitivity of 0.90 and 0.76 and a specificity of 0.75 and 0.65, respectively. Second, we apply the turning algorithm to data collected in the home from 12 PD and 18 CT subjects. The algorithm successfully detects turn characteristics, and the results show that, compared to controls, PD subjects tend to take shorter turns with smaller turn angles and more steps. Furthermore, PD subjects show more variability in all turn metrics throughout the day and the week.
Integration of Human Walking Gyroscopic Data Using Empirical Mode Decomposition
Authors: Bonnet Vincent , Ramdani Sofiane , Azevedo-Coste Christine , Fraisse Philippe , Mazzà Claudia , Cappozzo Aurelio
Published: December 2013

The present study was aimed at evaluating the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method to estimate the 3D orientation of the lower trunk during walking using the angular velocity signals generated by a wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU) and notably flawed by drift. The IMU was mounted on the lower trunk (L4-L5) with its active axes aligned with the relevant anatomical axes. The proposed method performs an offline analysis, but has the advantage of not requiring any parameter tuning. The method was validated in two groups of 15 subjects, one during overground walking, with 180° turns, and the other during treadmill walking, both for steady-state and transient speeds, using stereophotogrammetric data. Comparative analysis of the results showed that the IMU/EMD method is able to successfully detrend the integrated angular velocities and estimate lateral bending, flexion-extension as well as axial rotations of the lower trunk during walking with RMS errors of 1 deg for straight walking and lower than 2.5 deg for walking with turns.
Effects of phyllotaxy on biomechanical properties of stems of Cercis occidentalis (Fabaceae)
Authors: Caringella Marissa A. , Bergman Brett A. , Stanfield Ryan C. , Ewers Madeleine M. , Bobich Edward G. , Ewers Frank W.
Published: December 2013

• Premise of the study: Phyllotaxy, the arrangement of leaves on a stem, may impact the mechanical properties of woody stems several years after the leaves have been shed. We explored mechanical properties of a plant with alternate distichous phyllotaxy, with a row of leaves produced on each side of the stem, to determine whether the nodes behave as spring‐like joints.

• Methods: Flexural stiffness of 1 cm diameter woody stems was measured in four directions with an Instron mechanical testing system; the xylem of the stems was then cut into node (former leaf junction) and nonnode segments for measurement of xylem density.

• Key results: Stems had 20% greater flexural stiffness in the plane perpendicular to the original leaf placement than in the parallel plane. The xylem in the node region was more flexible, but it had significantly greater tissue density than adjacent regions, contradicting the usual correlation between wood density and stiffness.

• Conclusions: Nodes can behave as spring‐like joints in woody plants. For plagiotropic shoots, distichous phyllotaxy results in stems that resist up‐and‐down bending more than lateral back‐and‐forth movement. Thus, they may more effectively absorb applied loads from fruits, animals, wind, rain, and snow and resist stresses due to gravity without cracking and breaking. Under windy conditions, nodes may improve damping by absorbing vibrational energy and thus reducing oscillation damage. The effect of plant nodes also has biomimetic design implications for architects and material engineers.
Entendre ces musiques que l’on dit « électroniques »
Authors: Girard Johan
Published: December 2013

Partant d’une interrogation sur l’extension du terme de musiques électroniques, compris comme le fruit d’une stratégie de légitimation partiellement initiée de l’intérieur même des mouvements techno, house et electronica, on en montre les spécificités en faisant l’hypothèse d’un commun paradigme esthétique sollicitant des formes d’écoute particulières. Au-delà des descriptions critiques mettant l’accent sur l’élaboration matérielle et les associations d’idées que génère l’écoute de ces musiques, on propose d’en cerner le foyer esthétique, du point de vue de l’écoute, en opérant un rapprochement avec la musique répétitive américaine, relativement à la construction de la temporalité et à l’attention portée à l’élaboration du timbre.
Emotion in Popular Music: A Psychological Perspective
Authors: Schubert Emery
Published: December 2013

This article discusses the role of emotion in popular music from a psychological perspective. An online study was conducted in which 100 young adults made emotion ratings of loved and hated pieces of music. While the literature presents us with some ambiguous views about the function and value of emotion in popular music, the results of the study suggest that for listeners, emotion in popular music is as important as that reported in other musical forms, such as high-art (classical) music, where emotion is considered by many scholars to be more unambiguously important. However, overall popular music was reported to both express and evoke lower passive emotion ratings than high-art music. A corollary of the study is that popular music could be defined by frequency of reported enjoyment of spontaneously selected pieces. As a result Chopin becomes a popular music composer to the same extent that Lady Gaga is a popular performer. The results of the study are interpreted from a psychological perspective, calling upon mere exposure theory to explain how music becomes popular from a listener’s cognitive perspective, and dissociation theory, to explain why negative emotion in popular music can be enjoyed.
Listening to EDM: Sound Object Analysis and Vital Materialism
Authors: Wong Mandy-Suzanne
Published: December 2013

In electronic dance music (EDM), melody, harmony, and rhythm are often indistinguishable, hence are inadequate as descriptive categories. The timbres of EDM are equally elusive: describing this music in terms of its sources (synthesizers, computers...) tells us little about the sounds themselves. Overall, the experience of listening to EDM is difficult to characterize. Perhaps this descriptive evasiveness is, in part, what drives analysts to deem EDM an aesthetic failure outside the dance club. This article proposes that EDM succeeds as music for close listening, not only for dancing. I investigate the possibility that sound object analysis, a listening technique which I designed to address “avant-garde” music, might also help listeners to describe and discuss EDM in ways that address not just its cultural contexts, but the sounds of the music itself. Variously defined and utilized by electronic musicians, the term “sound object” may refer to anything from a sound free of referential connotations, to a broadly defined sonic unit, to a sampled sound or a unitary combination of sound and gesture. Sound object analysis is the identification and description of sound objects and how they function in music. I apply sound object analysis to Yasushi Miura’s track ““Capricious””, attempting to demonstrate that sound object analysis may offer a specific and telling vocabulary for EDM. Connections between sound object analysis and vital materialism – the theory that any phenomenon with the ability to affect other phenomena constitutes a material body – suggest that listening is, as much as dancing, an encounter between material bodies and an embodied form of dialogue. Thus, listening and dancing may be more alike than they at first appear.
Écouter les fans écouter
Authors: Segré Gabriel
Published: December 2013

Les fans de Presley écoutent beaucoup et souvent les disques du chanteur, qui leur procurent un vif plaisir et une grande émotion. Pour rendre raison de cette émotion et éclairer les conséquences et effets de cette écoute, il est nécessaire d’appréhender l’écoute comme une performance, résultat d’une initiation, d’une construction de soi comme auditeur, et de la relier à tout un ensemble de représentations de cette musique, de son interprète – Presley – et de soi comme auditeur-fan. Il faut également étudier les différents contextes d’écoute, ainsi que les « usages » et « intentions » des auditeurs. L’objectif de ce texte est ainsi de mettre en lumière ce que les fans « font » à la musique de Presley, et ce qu’elle leur fait en retour, en rendant compte de la réalité complexe de l’écoute, comprise à la fois comme performance et comme histoire, et qui engage le corps, le cœur, l’esprit, les sens, et met en jeu le je et toutes les dimensions de l’existence du fan.
Comparer l’incomparable ?
Authors: Kaltenecker Martin
Published: December 2013

Je tente de dessiner dans cet article quelques croisements possibles entre l’analyse des musiques savantes et celle des musiques populaires. J’inscris cette perspective dans un découpage des œuvres en éléments ou zones qui s’adressent à des types d’auditeurs, virtuels ou actuels, différents : un aspect structural visant l’auditeur futur ou l’analyste, un aspect de communication au moyen d’images et d’affects, visant une communauté d’écoute réelle et ad hoc, et un aspect visant l’auditeur en tant que corps. Chacune des ces zones, articulées de manière différente dans les musiques savantes et les musiques populaires, peut être mieux cernée si l’on combine les approches analytiques des deux domaines.
L’« attention parfaite » ou l’écoute du chant irlandais.
Authors: Poulet Charlotte
Published: December 2013

Dans les pubs d’Irlande, alors que la musique se laisse simplement entendre, le chant est l’objet d’une attention auditive singulière : une « attention parfaite », telle que la qualifient ses acteurs. En effet, les concerts et sessions participent à la dimension festive de la soirée sans pour autant être « écoutés », le volume sonore des conversations s’intensifiant au gré de l’ambiance. Le chant, survenant, lui, au cœur de ces discussions animées provoque, à l’inverse, une posture solennelle d’écoute se traduisant par un silence d’une rare intensité et une tension émotionnelle perceptible. L’objet musical seul ne peut justifier ces différentes attitudes puisque les chansons alors chantées connaissent d’autres contextes d’interprétation où elles ne suscitent pas la même réception. À travers quelques éléments ethnographiques, cet article se propose de revenir sur ces postures d’écoute différenciées et d’interroger la notion d’ « attention parfaite ». Qu’est-ce que l’« attention parfaite » et en quoi participe-t-elle à la mise en « œuvre » des chansons ?
Research on music listening: From Typologies to Interviews with Real People
Authors: Lilliestam Lars
Published: December 2013

Cet article est tiré d’un projet de recherche, La Musique dans la Vie des Gens, conduit à Gothenburg en Suède, entre 2007 et 2009, par les musicologues Thomas Bossius et Lars Lilliestam. Des entretiens approfondis furent réalisés avec 42 personnes âgées de 20 à 95 ans, portant sur leurs usages de la musique. Dans la première partie de l’article, j’examine les typologies d’auditeurs proposées par certaines recherches passées. Je présente ensuite le projet et compare ces théories avec les propos rapportés par les participants à l’enquête. Un portrait de ces pratiques émerge, qui, de nombreuses manières, est très différent et bien plus compliqué que celui défini par ces typologies. Des dichotomies conceptuelles telles que actif/passif et concentré/inattentif sont mises en doute et de nouveaux concepts d’écoute – parallèle, répétitive ou écologique – sont discutés. Cette contribution se conclut sur la proposition de recherches futures sur l’écoute musicale, basées sur des études multidisciplinaires combinant des méthodes phénoménologiques, psychologiques et médicales.
Never mind the generation gap?
Authors: Davies Helen Elizabeth
Published: December 2013

The role of music listening in relationships between children and their parents is relatively under-researched, yet its significance emerged strongly from recent doctoral research investigating music in the everyday lives of young teenage girls. This mainly ethnographic research, undertaken in Merseyside, UK during 2003-2008, focused on activities such as acquiring, exchanging, listening to and performing music, as well as the musical preferences of the participants, their families and friends. For these girls, in the liminal phase of young teenagerhood, the role of music in negotiations of self and social identities was significant. This paper argues that access to technologies and spaces are just as likely as, and sometimes more likely than, music taste to form the basis of negotiations over power and control between young teenage girls and their parents in relation to music listening in everyday life. Furthermore, the increasing technological autonomy enjoyed by young people suggests that, in their everyday music listening practices, they are becoming increasingly independent of parental control.
« You can dance, you can jive… »
Authors: Crenn Gaëlle
Published: December 2013

Comment le musée se propose-t-il aujourd’hui comme lieu d’écoute de la musique populaire ? Par la mise en regard de l’exposition « Abbaworld » et des expositions récemment proposées au Musée de la musique à Paris, nous proposons d’explorer les dimensions de l’expérience d’écoute de la musique populaire au musée. Nous indiquons comment le dispositif expositionnel construit le visiteur à la fois comme récepteur et public d’un propos culturel, d’un contenu musical, et d’une pratique. Nous détaillons la façon dont l’expérience de l’auditeur proposée par l’exposition « Abbaworld » dépasse les limites de l’écoute savante, écoute « séquestrée », caractérisée par la tension cérébrale et l’immobilisation des corps, de même que celle des muséographies habituellement produite par les musées, marquées par un discours hagiographique et requérant une compétence (literacy) essentiellement textuelle (visuelle et passant par le medium de l’écriture, plutôt qu’orale et musicale). Se créent probablement ainsi les conditions d’une écoute populaire des musiques populaires.
La Production du succès : une anti-musicologie de la chanson de variétés
Authors: Hennion Antoine
Published: December 2013

Cet article passe en revue les divers éléments qui font une chanson de variétés : paroles, arrangement, voix, personnage, etc. Rien là qui alimente une musicologie de la chanson. Ces ingrédients sont fuyants, incertains. Ils ne valent pas par eux-mêmes, et aucun d’eux n’apporte de garantie de succès. L’analyse s’oriente vers leur mode de composition original, fait de prélèvements et de découpages, d’écoute et de négociation. Sur le mode du pari, loin de tout principe et de toute certitude, cette quête permanente de ce qui fait sens pour le public permet aux professionnels des variétés de recueillir, d’amplifier et d’exprimer la voix des sans-voix. Aux marges d’une histoire écrite par les puissants, la chanson appelle moins à faire une sociologie des variétés, qu’à écouter le social inconnu qu’elles nous font entendre.
Ghetto Voyeurism?
Authors: Duffett Mark
Published: December 2013

This article argues that the racial politics of music could reconsidered by focusing on social relations rather than musical objects. In that context it explores the situated politics of reported listening. What can an analysis of classic accounts of listening at the birth of music genres tell us about the changing shape of US race relations? By considering Steve Reich’s composition ‘Come Out,’ the piece exposes the limits of existing arguments about music and race. It then argues that abstract, ‘innocent’ listening is an ontological fiction that has facilitated the perpetuation of assumptions about racial difference. Abstracted descriptions of listening function to naturalize social differences between subjects of different races. The idea that popular music begins with discovery of found sounds also acts as an alibi to transmit these assumptions. To begin placing this in a historical context the article examines instances of listening described by WC Handy, Sam Phillips, Malcolm McLaren and Michael Gregory. While each of their respective historical moments is very different, their accounts of listening reflect a common set of themes. They indicate that racial difference is musically only interesting when it is connected to class distinction. I tentatively label this a “ghetto voyeurist” assumption and suggest that it has tacitly helped to reproduce social hierarchies.
Troupes hors-sol : musique, espace et mémoire dans la guerre en Irak
Authors: Gilman Lisa
Published: December 2013

This article examines how American troops use music to navigate complex associations of place during deployment. Since 2005, I have been conducting interviews with veterans of the United States military who served in the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, exploring their memories of musical engagement, specifically listening to music, during their deployments. In these interviews, they described their musical listening in relationship to place, sometimes associating a particular type of musical engagement with a specific physical setting, linking songs to memories of locales, or alternately describing using music to psychologically remove themselves from an environment. Examining relationships between musical listening and place with a focus on the memories of veterans who were deployed to the Iraq war yields insight both into the critical role that music has for many contemporary troops involved in the physically and psychologically demanding context of war and to scholarly understandings of how music can operate in complicated processes of location and dislocation.
Structure and Design of Intelligent System for Police GIS Spatial Database
Authors: Cao Zhi Wei , Ding Wen Ke , Fang Cai Li
Published: December 2013

According to the application of intelligent system for police GIS ,it needs to query and locateassist police,command and dispatch,patrol management and so on, According to the characteristics of police spatial information, All the spatial data needs to be unified storage. This paper designs the spatial database based on Geodatabase, then the database management for police is constructed and to achieve a unified and efficient management, so it provide an effective solution for the spatial data organization and management.
Design & Calculation of Air Chamber of Air Cushion Belt Conveyor
Authors: Peng Bang Ying , Yan Jian Hua , Cao Shu
Published: December 2013

The article mainly provides an overview of air cushion belt conveyor, and describes design of air chamber, as an important part of the air cushion belt conveyor. The article introduces reasonable structure design of the air chamber from aspect of practical experience. In addition, the article researches air pressure design and calculation of air chamber, design and calculation of air volume of the air chamber, as well as power determination and design calculation on fan. The article designs and calculates per opening area of the air chamber as well as opening method of the chute depending on air pressure and air volume, and simultaneously analyzes formation influence factors and features of air pad in the chute. And finally, the article proposes reference conclusion and suggestions on the basis of research on the design of the air chamber.
Photochromic Kinetics of a Diarylethene Bearing an Azido Moiety in Solution and in PMMA Amorphous Film
Authors: Ma Le Le , Xia Shui Jun , Liu Gang
Published: December 2013

A new photoinduced fluorescent switch based on a photochromic diarylethene, 1-(2-methyl-3-benzothiophenyl)-2-[2-methyl-5-(4-azidomethylphenyl)-3-thienyperfluorocyclope-ntene was synthesized and its photochromism was investigated. The results showed that this compound exhibited reversible photochromism, changing from colorless to purple upon irradiation with UV light both in solution and in PMMA amorphous film. In acetonitrile, the open-ring isomer of the diarylethene1oexhibited relatively strong fluorescence at 473 nm when excited at 320 nm. The results demonstrated that the diarylethene can be also functioned as a fluorescence switch.
Materials with Synthesis and Properties of Photochromic Diarylethene
Authors: Xue Ya Ming , Sun Feng Xia , Pu Shou Zhi
Published: December 2013

An unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene was synthesized and its photochromism properties were investigated in detail. The compound exhibited remarkable photochromism, changing from colorless to light pink after irradiation with 297 nm UV light, in which absorption maxima were observed at 498 nm in hexane and at 505 nm in PMMA amorphous films, respectively. The photochromic reaction kinetics was studied in solution and their cyclization/cycloreversion processes belong to zeroth/first order reaction in hexane.
Coupling {001} Facets Dominated Anatase TiO2 Nanosheets with CNTs for Efficient Photocatalyst
Authors: Wang Wei , Ni Ya Ru , Lu Chun Hua , Xu Zhong Zi
Published: December 2013

High-reactive {001} facets dominated anatase TiO2 nanosheets were synthesized successfully by a simple hydrothermal method. CNTs were used to couple with as-prepared TiO2 nanosheets to further improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. Photocatalytic activities of the photocatalysts were tested by the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) aqueous solution under the xenon lamp irradiation. The results indicate that the introduction of CNTs will improve the photocatalytic activities of TiO2 which can be ascribed to the enhanced light absorption and separation efficiency of photogenerated holes and electrons. There was also an optimal content of CNTs to modify TiO2, and a possible mechanism for this idea was also proposed.