bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sexual structure of the bloodsuckers-flies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) population of the genus Ornithomya Latreille, 1802 in the central region and northern part of Russia
Authors: Pavlov Aleksandr Vladimirovich , Bykov Yury Aleksandrovich , Matyukhin Aleksandr Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

In this paper the authors consider sex ratio in populations of the bloodsucker of the genus Ornithomya Latreille located in the Vladimir and Murmansk Regions. During the ringing of birds since 2014 we have been collecting the bloodsucker flies parasitizing on them. For just four years in the Vladimir Region we have examined 12515 birds, from which 94 females and 17 males of the bloodsucker Ornithomya avicularia L., 1758, as well as 142 females and 37 males Ornithomya fringillina Curtis, 1836, were taken. On the territory of the Murmansk Region in 2016 and 2017 465 females and 91 males of Ornithomya chloropus Bergot, 1901 were collected from birds. As a result of our research we obtained and summarized original material on the composition of the sexual structure of the population in bloodsucker flies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) belonging to the genus Ornithomya Latreille, 1802. Females dominate males in Ornithomya avicularia , Ornithomya chloropus and Ornithomya fringillina in populations located on the territory of the Vladimir and Murmansk Regions of the Russian Federation. The study of seasonal changes in the sexual structure of the above species showed a gradual decrease in the number of male individuals during the season.
Comparative ecological and morphological analysis of the Corvidae birds aircraft
Authors: Repin Denis Vladimirovich , Repina Nadezhda Vasilyevna
Published: December 2020

This paper provides a comparative ecological and morphological analysis of the aircraft of Corvidae birds: rook, daw, gray crow and magpie. These species of birds have a different character of flight and different flying activity - among them there are both resident and migratory species. Ecological and morphological characteristics of the rook, jackdaws, crows and magpies aircraft were studied in the Chuvash Republic in the autumn and spring during 2014-2018. The paper describes the field observations of the nature of the flight of the studied species and the results of morphometric measurements. The following morphological parameters of birds were used: body weight; body length; tail length; wing length; wingspan; wing width. To study the development of the avian musculature, the masses of the subclavian and pectoral muscles and the indices of the relationship of these parameters to body weight and among themselves were determined. These indicators were used to calculate a number of indices. Studies of the birds aircraft revealed interseasonal differences in some parameters related to body weight. In addition, the specific features of the Corvidae birds aircraft structure have been identified; they are associated with the nature and speed of flight as well as the duration of migration.
Dynamics of Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. and Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. population structure on Tilia cordata Mill. in the flooded lime-tree forest of the Bolshaya Kokshaga river
Authors: Suetina Yulia Gennadyevna , Ivanov Sergey Mikhailovich
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with perennial dynamics of the population structure of the epiphytic lichens Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. (2008-2016) and Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. (2010-2016) with the different life forms and the ecological strategies. The research was carried out in the Mari El Republic in the flooded lime-tree forest. The authors studied the density (number of thalli on a tree) on the trunk from 0 to 1,5 meters, the size and the ontogenetic structure of population of both species of different ontogenetic states: virginile (v1, v2), potentially generative (g1v, g2v, g3v), subsenile (ss) on 17 trees of Tilia cordata. The density of E. prunastri and H. physodes population increases. These changes are more specific for E. prunastri . Thalli of E. prunastri have a bigger size than thalli of H. physodes . These differences are observed on g1v, g2v, g3v, ss thalli. The decrease of thalli size is observed for both species but the difference is more for E. prunastri . The comparison of ontogenetic spectra of populations was made according to their heterogeneity within trees. The values of the effects (the effect is the parameter of the ontogenetic spectrum of the population) decreased in 2016, which indicated a shift of the ontogenetic spectra to the left, i.e. an increase in the proportion of young thalli that can be traced in the total ontogenetic spectra of populations. At the same time, the differences between the ontogenetic spectra of the E. prunastri population are statistically significant.
Assessment of the stability of bat ectoparasite communities using a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method
Authors: Fadeeva Galina Anatolievna , Boryakova Elena Evgenievna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with a research of epiparasite communities in native karst caves in the South of Nizhny Novgorod Region. Six species of bats such as Daubentons water bat, Brandts bat, whiskered bat, pond bat, northern bat and long-eared bat were examined. A Principal Component Analysis was used to identify factors influencing the composition of ectoparasites as well as the number and distribution of mites in mixed colonies of bats. As the cave and its inhabitants can be considered as a microbiotope, it is obvious that there are specific relations between inhabitants in caves. Special habitat conditions indirectly influence the parasitic systems developing there which are characterized by certain stability. Mann-Whitney U-test was used to estimate the difference between samples of animals from different habitats. Methods of nonparametric statistics didnt find significant distinctions by the hosts, years and biotopes, the bat colony and their ectoparasites can be estimated as a single complexly organized system, existing long in space and time. From all possible factorial space four factors have significant effect on systems. The contribution of the first and second factors is equal to 65% of variance (specificity of parasites to hosts and a factor of dominant species presence). In parasite communities of bats interrelations which cause successful existence of all types without the expressed competition are observed. Our results indicate a complex relationship between the parasites in the community on the one hand, and long-term existence of the community on the other hand. Each member of parasitic system has a position in factorial space. In parasite communities of bats we met only one factor-dependent species ( Spinturnix acuminatus, Sp. plecotinus, Leptotrombidium russicum ). Species that show moderate and positive, moderate and negative correlation dependence with several factors are found. For example, Spinturnix myoti , Sp. kolenatii , Macronyssus heteromorphus , etc. Heterogeneity of environmental impact on the parasitic systems which are formed in natural caves provides stability of bat parasite communities in general.
The influence of different systems of fertilizer on the microelement’s composition of soil and grain of winter wheat in Primorsky Krai
Authors: Fadyakina Irina Sergeevna
Published: December 2020

This paper presents the effect of the aftereffect of mineral, organic and calcareous fertilizers on the agrochemical and environmental indicators of meadow-brown bleached soil of Primorsky Krai. The accumulation of microelements by the winter wheat grain is considered according to the variants of experience. Field experiments were carried out in 2011-2014 in the crop rotation of the agrochemical station of Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology in the Far East named after A.K. Chaika. The content of trace elements in soil and grain was determined on a Shimadzu AA-6200, atomic adsorption spectrophotometer. According to the results of our research, it was revealed that the aftereffect of various fertilizer systems affected the content of a number of gross and mobile forms of microelements in the studied soil. It is established that the soil does not prevent the accumulation of mobile forms of nickel, lead, cadmium, zinc, copper and cobalt in it. The ability to resist contamination of the food chain (system barrier), that is, the manifestation of the protective mechanisms of the grain, from nickel, copper and cobalt varies only slightly according to the variants of experience. For lead, cadmium and zinc, the barrier of the system is in the moderate degree of dispersion of data on the variants of experience, showing more effective protective capabilities on the variant with the aftereffect of the lime-organic fertilizer system, where the content of the latter reaches its maximum values.
The daily life of the Francs according to written sources at the time of Gregory of Tours: diseases, medicine, hygiene and food
Authors: Kazakov Igor Valentinovich
Published: December 2020

This paper is an attempt to collect and systematize information about the material conditions of life in the Frankish state of the Merovingians in the 6th century. The choice of the topic is due to the need to compose a complete picture of a persons life from the beginning of the early Middle Ages, which until now has remained poorly researched, unlike the Carolingian period. The sources used are the writings of Gregory of Tours, Venantius Fortunatus, Apollinaris Sidonius, The Chronicle of Fredegar, The History Book of the Franks and others. The paper contains data on the diseases and epidemics that were widespread during the mentioned period, methods of their treatment and the state of medicine in general, hygiene in the Frankish society, as well as the diet and composition of products. The collected material says that: a) the sources of the early Merovingian period are extremely scarce data in the field of life descriptions; b) the Frankish society was very vulnerable to a wide variety of diseases, and the priority of faith over medicine did not allow them to resist; c) ideas about the absence of elementary hygiene in the early Middle Ages are greatly exaggerated, and d) the set of consumed products was distinguished by simplicity and at the same time diversity with rudimentary skills in cooking.
Origin of Knyaz Mikhail Andreevich chronicle article of 1305
Authors: Abukov Sergey Navilyevich
Published: December 2020

Among many controversial issues of Russian genealogy, a special place belongs to the problem of Knyaz Mikhail Andreevich origin, the chronicle article of 1305. It is known that he was married in the Horde and came to Nizhny Novgorod, where he executed the insurgent residents. The problem of his origin is related to the early history of Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod knyazes dynasty and the inheritance of power in Rus in those years. In general, the history of the Russian lands in the XIII-XIV centuries is poorly covered by sources, and each new fact complements our understanding of this period. The name of the father of the knyaz is not mentioned in the sources. There are two opposing opinions in the scientific literature that cannot be combined. Some historians consider this knyaz to be the son of Andrei Alexandrovich of Gorodets, others - Andrei Yaroslavich of Suzdal. In the paper the author, on the basis of a critical analysis of the sources and arguments of historians, comes to the conclusion that Mikhail Andreyevich is the son of Andrei of Gorodets, who came to the city of his father. This is indicated by the presence of his name in the synodics, his mention in those years, connection with the inheritance of the knyaz of Gorodets, the marriage policy, etc. On the contrary, Mikhail of Suzdal is mentioned long before 1305 and has nothing to do with Nizhny Novgorod, which was not yet a part of the Suzdal Principality at the beginning of the 14th century. According to the author, the knyaz died early and was not the ancestor of the Suzdal knyazes.
Fraternization in the 8th army of the South-Western front in March-August 1917
Authors: Kuritsyn Sergey Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

This paper attempts to explore specifics of fraternization in one of the most efficient armies of the Eastern European Theater during the First World War - the 8th army of the South-Western front. The election of this chronological framework - spring-summer 1917 - was due to the fact that it was during this period of fraternization and its close forms when soldiers of the opposing armies were unprecedentedly widespread on the Russian front in general and in the 8th army in particular. This was due to the fact that after the fall of the monarchy in Russia, the soldiers masses wanted to put an end to the war. Fraternization at the front became possible due to the weakening of the power of the command staff in the conditions of the revolution. The paper presents the facts of the Austro-German side interest in fraternization development, as well as the measures taken by the command of the Russian army and the soldiers committees to stop fraternization. It should be noted that for most Russian soldiers fraternization was of great interest because it allowed them to barter with the military forces of the Quadruple Alliance, which had an opportunity to obtain bread in exchange for any things or alcohol.
The problem of the protest movement development in the Pridnestrovian Region of the Moldavian SSR (late 1980s)
Authors: Slobodyanyuk Galina Evgenyevna
Published: December 2020

The subject of the study is an analysis of the causes for the protest movement development in the Pridnestrovian Region of the Moldavian SSR in 1988-1989. Particular attention is paid to the language issue, which became the main reason for the creation of the Pridnestrovian protest movement. The paper describes the socio-political situation in the Moldavian SSR in the late 1980s, which contributed to the creation of the main acting forces of civil conflict in the republic, namely, nationalist organizations and the internationalist protest movement. The novelty of the study is the analysis of the process of creating a protest movement in the Pridnestrovian Region of Moldova. This problem has not been studied in the historiography of Pridnestrovie and the Republic of Moldova yet. The author comes to the conclusion that the nationalist-minded part of the republican leadership, with the direct support of the Popular Front and the inaction of the Central Committee of the CPM, contributed to the politicization of the language issue, while taking the course toward secession from the USSR and the subsequent entry into the state of Romania. In this historical situation, the Russian-speaking multinational population, together with the Moldovan population of the Pridnestrovian Region, was forced to create a protest movement in order to protect its civil and constitutional rights, as well as preserve the territory of its region within the Soviet state.
Public ecological organizations of the Volga Region and their relations with the government in 1980-1990
Authors: Makeeva Ekaterina Dmitrievna
Published: December 2020

In 1980-1990 in the Soviet Union the activity of nature protection movement has sharply increased against processes of society democratization and considerable deterioration of ecological conditions. A considerable number of various public ecological organizations were established; they tried to adjust dialogue with the government and actively involved the population in sociopolitical life of the country. The following paper considers contribution to ecological movement development in the cities of the Middle and the Lower Volga Region where the public fought against the policy of nature management directed first of all on satisfaction of the USSR economic departments interests as well as against inability of the authorities to solve local problems of environment protection effectively. The author considers most widespread forms of the public ecological organizations activity, analyzes their relations with the local and regional authorities in dynamics. The paper also contains examples of interactions of the government and the public when solving nature protection problems. Studying the experience of the Volga Region ecological movement activity can promote making positive relations of ecologists with representatives of the government in modern Russia that finally will allow to improve the general nature protection situation in the country.
Problems, essence and forms of students’ research activity organization in the system of higher education
Authors: Brazhnik Oksana Yurievna , Batrachenko Ekaterina Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2020

This paper describes features of students research activities organization. The authors consider possibilities of research use while studying the courses of the variable part of the educational program. This paper focuses on the role of industrial practice in the implementation of research activities. The approximate content of practices programs, as well as the typology of tasks aimed at research work intensification is given. The authors emphasize the role of research activities for general professional and professional competencies development. The paper also considers peculiarities of estimation and ways of scientific-research work optimization while studying for the Masters degree. The conducted studies have shown that the assessment of competencies development can be carried out on various indicators, the following indicators are of fundamental importance: practical nature of scientific and innovative activity (participation in fundamental landscape and geographical research, modernization and creation of landscape programs of general scientific and applied importance), originality of the idea and creative approach, use of the latest technologies of landscape planning and design.
Pedagogical ways of military university students’ professional experience development in crisis situations
Authors: Malashenko Leonid Ivanovich
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the role of professional experience in training military specialists to work in modern conditions, associated with the emergence and development of crisis situations that permeate virtually all spheres of society. It is obvious that the existence of any state is unthinkable without professionally trained, qualified and experienced defenders. This increases interest in the development of professional experience of officers as an important component of the readiness for effective action of anti-crisis orientation. The paper shows methodological approaches to the study of the process of military university masters experience development. The author proposes a definition of a military specialist professional readiness on the basis of scientific works analysis. The author also considers distinctive features of the officers professional experience development. The author defines the main ways of professional experience development in crisis situations for military university undergraduates. They combine theory with practice and research activities, the use of international experience and experience of veterans of wars and military conflicts, pedagogical support of students with the value content of education, differentiation of training with a special position of the teaching staff, with special attention to military university students professional experience development.
System of exercises for teaching general knowledge of Russian language and specialty language to Chinese engineering students
Authors: Yun Lyudmila Gienovna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the problem of optimizing the language training process for Chinese engineering students in the framework of joint Sino-Russian programs. The existing curricula on the Russian language as a foreign language (RFL) used to train future engineers have several disadvantages, and therefore do not provide a high level of subject and language competences. This is primarily due to weak contacts between teachers of special disciplines and teachers of the Russian language, the lack of coordination of teaching methods used by Russian and Chinese teachers of Russian. Features of training in a non-linguistic and linguistic environment predetermine the expediency of interconnected teaching of all types of speech activity in Russian. In this case, the system of exercises should be based on taking into account the ethno-psychological characteristics of Chinese students and the learning strategies they use when learning a foreign language. Particular attention should be paid to teaching the language of the specialty on the material of authentic video lectures of subject teachers in Russian. The author concludes that it is necessary to develop nationally oriented teaching aids for Chinese students-non-philologists who study in joint training programs for engineers in 2 + 2 and 3 + 1 schemes.
The pottery traditions of Levshinskiy stage of the Kama Neolithic and Novoilyinskaya Eneolithic cultures
Authors: Andreeva Olga Viktorovna , Batueva Nadezhda Sergeevna
Published: December 2020

The following paper deals with the complexes of the late (Levshin) stage of the Kama culture and the early Eneolithic ceramic complexes of the Novoilyinskaya culture of the Middle Prikamye within the framework of a historical-cultural approach to the study of pottery. In the course of the work, the most stable traditions of raw material selection were highlighted: silty clay was used for the Kama culture; clay and silty clay were used in equal shares for the manufacture of Novoilyinskaya ceramics. For the manufacture of Kama ceramics raw materials were initially dried and crushed; this tradition was absent in the Novoilyinskaya culture. In both cultures mostly unsprayed (ductile) raw materials were used. As a result, it turned out that the population of the Kama region of the early Eneolithic was formed on the basis of the genesis of the local Neolithic population - the Kama culture representatives with the new (Volga) population. This fact may be indicated by differences in the skills of preparing plastic raw materials, mineral impurities for the preparation of the molding material, as well as the methods of applying the ornament.
Materials of the early Neolithic of the Yarlukovskaya Protoka site (point 222) on the Upper Don
Authors: Smolyaninov Roman Viktorovich , Kulichkov Aleksey Aleksandrovich , Yurkina Elizaveta Sergeevna
Published: December 2020

This paper analyzes materials located in the floodplain of the Matyra River (left tributary of the Voronezh River) of the Yarlukovskaya Protoka (point 222) in the Gryazinsky District of the Lipetsk Region. It was investigated in 1963, 1964, 1967 and 1968 by Vsevolod Levenok. The materials of three early Neolithic cultures of VI Millennium BC were revealed here. The materials of the Yelshanskaya culture are represented by corollas and bottoms of 12 vessels. Almost all dishes, except one bottom and several walls, have no ornament, with the exception of one or two rows of conical pit. All ceramics are well smoothed. Ceramics were made from silty clay. The location of materials in the cultural layer confirms the earlier occurrence of the Yelshanskaya culture ceramics. The ceramics of the Karamyshevo culture is represented by fragments from three vessels. The dishes are predominantly decorated with small oval pricks composed in horizontal and vertical rows. Ceramics were made from silty clay. Ceramics of the Srednedonskaya culture are represented by corollas and rounded bottoms of 15 vessels. It is decorated with triangular prick or small comb prints. Ceramics were made from silty clay. At Yarlukovskaya Protoka site 304 stone artifacts were discovered, mainly of flint. This industry could be described as flake-blade technique. The monument is a mixed complex - stratigraphic and planigraphic readable observations of stone inventory location could not be done.
The ratio of the Neolithic and Eneolithic complexes of the forest-steppe Volga region according to radiocarbon dating
Authors: Somov Anatoly Vladimirovich , Shalapinin Anton Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2020

The following paper provides a database of radiocarbon dating, which was obtained from the Srednevolzhskaya archaeological culture of the developed and late Neolithic, as well as on the Eneolithic materials of the forest-steppe Volga region. The key issue is the chronological ratio of the melon complexes, which is considered through the construction of graphs of the sums of calibrated radiocarbon dates. Verification of previously obtained definitions was carried out with the ratio of the absolute chronology of adjacent regions. As a result of definitions study for C14, the range of the Srednevolzhskaya Neolithic culture and the Eneolithic complexes coexistence was revealed, which begins with 5050 BC with a probability of 68,2% or 5250 BC with a probability of 95,4% and ends with 3900 BC (68,2%) or 4000 BC (95,4%). The results of radiocarbon dating confirm the genetic continuity between the Neolithic and Eneolithic complexes of the forest-steppe Volga region. In the light of data on the absolute chronology, the assumption of continuity between the Neolithic and Eneolithic can be extended to the basin of the Sok River, where there is a closure of a chronological range of comb Neolithic complexes and aneolithic materials of the Chekalinskiy type. The chronological interval of the late Neolithic ceramics partially coincides with the time of the existence of Tokskiy materials, as well as with the Gundorovskiy type and with an internal edge ceramics.
Revision of the materials from the Riigiküla I Stone Age settlement site (Estonia)
Authors: Khrustaleva Irina Yurievna , Kriiska Aivar , Kholkina Margarita Alekseevna
Published: December 2020

The Riigikla I settlement site in northeast Estonia, which was found and excavated at the beginning of 1950s, is an important source of information about the life and households of the Stone Age population in the Eastern Baltic and one of the few settlement sites in Estonia that includes the remains of dwellings. Besides two pit-houses, a few fireplaces, two entire human skeletons and the disarticulated bones of at least three more individuals, as well as a rich inventory comprised of pottery fragments, tools and waste from the production of quartz, bone, antler, flint, etc., were discovered here. At first, the site was interpreted as a single long-term dwelling site. Nevertheless, the discovery of new data at other sites in the region, as well as a partial re-analysis of the pottery and new AMS dates obtained from the human bones, indicated the necessity to revise all the materials. The preliminary results of this work are presented in our paper. It was established that at least four buildings correlated to Narva and Comb Ware cultures existed on the settlement site, indicating that, at least partially, they existed at different times. Find materials in the occupation layer are obviously mixed vertically because of the existence of multi-temporal settlement sites in this area, but they are also clearly correlated to objects horizontally. For a while, this place was apparently visited by the representatives of the Corded Ware culture (judging by the few fragments of pottery). And in the middle of the Bronze Age, people buried their dead here.
Improving the content of schoolchildren training for the practical round of the regional stage of the All-Russian Biological Olympiad
Authors: Efimova Natalya Vladimirovna , Shilkova Tatyana Viktorovna , Sokolova Tatyana Leonidovna
Published: December 2020

One of the tasks of the modern educational system is to develop and support talented young people. One way of it could be the subject Olympiads for schoolchildren, which contribute to the professional orientation of students and their future success in life increasing students interest in science as well as developing their creative potential and cognitive activity. The experience of carrying out various stages of the All-Russian Biological Olympiad for schoolchildren in Biology showed that in order to achieve high results, participants of the Olympiad need a methodically sound system of training camps and advice from specialists in various fields of Biology. The paper summarizes long-term experience of organizing a practical tour of the regional stage of the All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren in Biology at the department of General biology and Physiology of the South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University. The authors present methodological recommendations aimed at improving schoolchildren training for a practical tour of the regional stage of the All-Russian Olympiad in Biology (room Human Biology, grade 9), including a description of typical mistakes made by participants in the Olympiad, an algorithm for performing practical tasks on microscopy of histological preparations, criteria for differentiating histological objects, examples of Olympiad tasks with a matrix of answers.
Acer platanoides L. in the conditions of anthropogenic load of Donetsk
Authors: Kornienko Vladimir Olegovich , Kolchenko Olga Ruslanovna , Matveeva Tatyana Borisovna
Published: December 2020

This paper presents ecological and biological characteristics of holly maple (Acer platanoides L.) that hasnt been previously described in the conditions of Donetsk. The authors describe urban environment as a broeksema and transformation in it under the influence of anthropogenic factors. The paper considers the influence of the anthropogenic environment in the city on plant organisms, as well as physiological and morphological changes in them. In the course of the research, a high level of anthropogenic load in Donetsk was determined based on the analysis of vibration and acoustic noise along highways, concentration of heavy metals in soils and concentration of aeropolutants in the air in the study areas. A close relationship between the fluctuating asymmetry index of holly maple leaf plates and the viability index and the level of noise pollution along highways has been established. The authors have studied basic parameters of the mechanical resistance of Acer platanoides L. in Donetsk, in the conditions of technogenic contamination and control (arboretum of the Donetsk Botanical Garden). It is established that young trees (57 years old) and the ones that have a low viability score due to the approach of critical age in the conditions of the city are at the greatest risk of breakage. The results can be used in biomonitoring studies of the urban environment state.
The appearance of broadswords in the Middle Kama region in the I–II centuries AD
Authors: Malykh Oleg Olegovich
Published: December 2020

In modern archaeology researchers try to go from existing finds description and systematization to considering possible variants of the processes or even the events that led to certain objects of material and spiritual culture or their change. In the III centuries AD broadswords appeared on the territory of the Middle Kama region; the weapon that would be distributed in VIIIX centuries AD. There are no grounds for linking the origin of broadswords with the development of the armament complex of the local population; broadswords were more likely to be external borrowings. This paper considers a version of broadswords appearance among the population of Prikamye in the III centuries as a result of a contact with military detachment representatives who committed a transit migration through the territory of the region. The starting point of the migration beginning could be one of the Trans-Urals regions. A military detachment, moving along the banks of the Belaya, Kama, Volga rivers and their tributaries, could not only become a source of the weapon, it could also engage a part of the Pyanoborsk population to their movement to the west. The activities of the detachment representatives as well as of those who were attached to it led to the formation of the Andreevsko-Piseralsky community in the Oka-Sursk interfluve.
South Russian traces in the origins of the tillage in the Perm Region (archaeological evidence)
Authors: Sarapulov Aleksey Nikolayevich
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with some issues of the origins of the tillage in the Perm Region at the turn of the 12th century. During that time, a new type of implement got widespread. They were ards fitted with broad-bladed iron shares. The finds of the shares were analyzed and compared with the analogous ones from the territory of Kievan Rus. The analysis showed that the South Russian articles found in the Upper Kama region appeared together with Bulgarian articles and sometimes with the ard shares. South Russian things of 1011 centuries were also found on the territory of Volga Bulgaria. Being a large mediaeval state, Volga Bulgaria both had a strong influence on the Finno-Ugric population of the Kama region and had dealings with Kievan Rus (northern and southern parts) using the Volga trade route. Therefore, the origins of the tillage and the appearance of the broad-bladed iron shares in the Perm Region may be connected with the spreading of the South Russian agricultural traditions through the agency and under the influence of Volga Bulgaria.
Development of museum activities on the territory of Orenburg Region and Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic during the «Thaw»
Authors: Morozova Irina Pavlovna
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the development of cultural life of the Orenburg Region and Bashkiria on the example of museum business during the Thaw. The author shows that the development of the museum network in the southern Urals in the second half of the 1950s is associated with the general rise of cultural and scientific life of the country after the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. During this period, the interest to archaeological activities also increased. The popularization of the museum business in the region took place thanks to the activities of the museum staff that began to resort to various forms of communication with visitors: exhibitions, lectures, etc. The flow of museum visitors increased every year. The analysis of periodic publications and data archives helped to conclude that the museum business on the territory of the southern Urals during the Thaw was successful as new museums opened, because it was necessary to introduce culture to the population of the regions. If we consider the specifics of the opened museums, most of them were local lore. Due to the involvement of the regions population, the museum funds were actively replenished with artifacts. In the early 60s of the XX century new museums were opened as well as Askin Museum of local lore was created on a voluntary basis in the Republic of Bashkortostan (Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic).
Moral values in the context of physical education of students – prospective employees of the penitentiary system
Authors: Klychkov Sergey Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the optimal ratio of physical training and moral education in the educational process of a higher education institution that trains employees of the penitentiary system (PS). As one of the ways to solve this problem, it is proposed to introduce moral values to students prospective employees of the PS in the process of physical education. It is substantiated that moral values are values that are socially approved and shared by most people, they are associated with morality as an ethical category and its structure. There are classic signs of moral values (responsibility of a person for these values; awareness of moral insolvency affecting the conscience; the need for such values; the ratio of moral values to reward and punishment) and their classification (fundamental, basic and systemic social and moral values). The author has selected moral values that should be introduced to cadets prospective employees of the PS in the process of physical education (good, duty, mutual understanding, mercy, responsibility, truth, freedom, conscience, justice, empathy). It is proved that the value altruism is concretized by the values charity and justice and therefore is not represented in the general list of values. Justice and mercy are considered to be sides of the golden rule of morality, the bilateral action of which contributes to co-feeling, co-action, co-help, co-participation. Values good, mutual understanding, freedom, responsibility, truth and empathy are described as values that should be introduced to a cadet in the process of physical education in order to develop him as a moral personality.
The usage of foreign language integrative potential for prospective agronomists’ professional competence development in the realities of globalization
Authors: Perkova Elena Leonidovna , Nikitina Svetlana Vyacheslavovna
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to the problem of professional competence development of students majoring in Agronomy during the process of learning a foreign language. The authors indicate that the use of the integrative potential of a foreign language in modern realities is a source of professional knowledge, advanced experience and emphasize that the knowledge of a foreign language enables prospective agronomists to navigate in professional literature, on the market of agricultural products, as well as in the latest technologies, which results in their competitiveness in the agricultural sphere. Thus, learning a foreign language gives an agronomist an opportunity to improve professional competence and skills, to gain experience abroad, learn a lot of new information. In this regard, there is a necessity to update the content and structure, develop new approaches to organize the process of foreign language teaching to prospective agronomists. The paper notes the importance of Foreign Language course potential as an integrative factor influencing prospective agronomists professional competence development, and provides specific examples of its use. The paper analyzes the notions competence and prospective agronomists professional competence based on the views of domestic and foreign scientists. The authors underline the expediency of the competence approach use for professional competence development, which has recently transformed from a local theory into a social phenomenon that claims to be the conceptual basis of educational development. The provisions of the paper are based on the advanced research in the field of professional training and teaching foreign languages.
Growth dynamics analysis of the acrocarpous moss Dicranum polysetum Sw. in artificial pine forests of the steppe zone
Authors: Bogdanova Yana Andreevna , Korchikov Evgeny Sergeevich
Published: December 2020

The paper discusses the growth dynamics ofDicranum polysetumSw. in artificial pine communities of theKrasnosamarskyForest (Samara Region) and the National Park Buzuluksky Bor (Samara and Orenburg Regions). These species are most commonly found in these types of communities.The authors note the vitality ofDicranum polysetumSw. and its relation to the size of the moss curtain. The studies were conducted in the summers of 2015, 2016 and 2017. The moss was studied at 12 sitesof theartificial pine forests of the Krasnosamarsky forest and the National ParkBuzuluksky Bor. Three individuals were selected at each site, the growth and vitality of them were noted during the study period. It was revealed that the smallest growth was on the sites of the smallest moss curtain in both study areas. It was also found that the microrelief and grassy layer can significantly affect moss growth. It was noted that the vitality score was higher in large clumps in the absence of any mechanical damage to the curtain, and that the shoots form twigs, on average, every two years, thereby increasing their biomass, because the area of curtains did not significantly change during the study period.
Tulipa tschimganica Botschantz. in the collection of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
Authors: Gerasimovich Lyudmila Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

The paper analyzes the features of seasonal development ofTulipa tschimganicaBotschantz. in the conditions of the recipient region. Comparative morphometric characteristics ofex situandin situare given. Representatives of the speciesT.tschimganicagrowing in high mountains are successfully acclimatized in the Novosibirsk Region. Late flowering and resistance to viral disease variegation adds value to this species in floriculture and gardening in the spring. The temperature characteristics of the initial stages of phenophases are established. The beginning of flowering in six of ten years of observations occurred in the second decade of May. By duration, flowering can be characterized as short 78 days, with an average duration of 1012 days and a long one 1315 days, respectively. It was found that, despite the high rates of maximum and average daily temperatures, lower temperatures increase the flowering period ofT.tschimganica. The flowering period in the recipient region, compared with the city of Tashkent, shifts by two months and starts from the second decade of May. The range of experimental plants morphometric parameters, such as plant height, leaf width, length and width of the ovary, and fruit width, increases. The rest of the studied parameters remainedin situ. The study of the ontogeny of individuals grown from seeds collected from introduced plants is being carried out. To date, the plants are going through a long pregenerative period of ontogenesis. Successful completion of the full cycle of annual shoots development and the formation of high-grade mature seeds characterize this species as successful for introduction and use in gardening in Novosibirsk.
The structure of coenopopulations and the protection of the rare species Dictamnus gymnostylis Stev. (Rutaceae) in the Samara Region and the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Mustafina Alfiya Naufalevna , Ilyina Valentina Nikolaevna , Abramova Larisa Mikhailovna
Published: December 2020

The conservation of phyto-diversity should be based on original data on the structure and condition of natural populations, plant biology and ecology. The purpose of this study is to identify and compare regional features of the ontogenetic structure and state of coenotic populations of the rare species of the Southern Urals and Middle VolgaDictamnus gymnostylis(in the Samara Region and the Republic of Bashkortostan). In the Republic of Bashkortostan 20 geographical populations of the species are currently identified. In the Samara Region various published sources indicate 712 geographical populations ofD.gymnostylis. The demographic structure, density of coenopopulations and habitat characteristics were studied with the use of traditional research methods in 18 trial plots: 9 in the forest-steppe zone of the Samara Region (Zavolzhye) and 9 in the southern forest-steppe zone in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Populations of the species were recorded in various types of communities: mainly meadow and shrub steppes, at the edges and under the canopy of oak groves. The number of populations in Bashkortostan is different: they number from 70100 to 20005000 or even more. Presumably, the total number of species in the region is from 15 to 20 thousand copies. The total area of all known populations in the Samara Region is estimated by us at 5 hectares. The total number of individuals is approximately 20003000. Most of the coenopopulations ofD.gymnostylisin the region are normal, incomplete. The absence in the spectrum of regenerative stages (seedlings and juvenile), as well as senile plants is typical. The absolute maximum falls on middle-aged generative individuals (24,159,0%). Almost all cenopopulations in the Samara Region are mature, and in Bashkortostan they are young (with a large share of regenerative plants). The recovery index is equal to or close to zero in the Samara Region; seedlings and juvenile plants are often absent here. In cenopopulations of the Republic of Bashkortostan, the recovery index in most cases is opposite to unity, which indicates a good replenishment of the population by young individuals. The aging index throughout the territory is close to or equal to zero (does not exceed 0,05). The state of the examined populations in Bashkortostan does not cause concern for their safety, but in the Samara Region they are vulnerable and require protection.
Flora and vegetation features of the stow «Chalk slopes to the Proval river» (Ulyanovsk Region)
Authors: Saksonov Sergey Vladimirovich , Novikova Lyubov Aleksandrovna , Vasjukov Vladimir Mikhailovich , Rakov Nikolay Sergeevich , Senator Stepan Aleksandrovich , Silaeva Tatyana Borisovna
Published: December 2020

The paper contains the vegetation study results of the valuable botanical object Chalk slopes to the Proval river.The stow is located in thevicinitiesof the villageBeketovka(Veshkaymsky District of Ulyanovsk Region) and is proposed for inclusion in the regional network ofprotected areas.The data of floral and phytocenotic studies are presented.The flora of the stow Chalk slopes to the Proval river contains 287 species of vascular plants including 8 species listed in Red data book of the Russian Federation:Hedysarumgmelinii,Irisaphylla,Koeleriasclerophylla,Matthiolafragrans,Pinus cretacea[P.sylvestrisvar.cretacea],Stipapennata,S.pulcherrima,Thymusdubjanskyi[Th. cimicinusauct. p. max. p.]. The regional rare and requiring protection plants areAdonanthe vernalis,Anemone sylvestris,Asperulaexasperata,Aster alpinus,Betula krylovii,Bupleurum falcatum,Carex pediformis,Centaurearuthenica,Crepispannonica,Delphinium cuneatum,Galatellalinosyris,Galiumhexanarium,Gentianacruciata,Gentianellaamarella,Helianthemumcanum,H.nummularium,Helictotrichondesertorum,Herminiummonorchis,Jurinealedebourii,Linumflavum,L.uralense,Onosmasimplisissimas.str.,O.volgensis,Otitesbaschkirorum,Parnassiapalustris,Polygalacretacea,P.sibirica,Pulsatillapatens,Scabiosaisetensis,Schoenus ferrugineus. Calcephitic florocoenotic complex of the stow Chalk slopes to the Proval river (Ulyanovsk Region) is characterized by a mosaic of vegetation. Here, in a relatively small area, meadow, petrophytic and grass-mixed steppes, forest edges communities are presented. The floristic composition of these communities is peculiar and characterized by the presence of a large number of rare species including relict and endemic elements. In addition, in the central part of the Volga Upland, only a small amount of erosion-chalk landscapes with a high degree of preservation is known. The studied stow is recommended for inclusion in the system of protected areas of the Ulyanovsk Region.
New association of weed vegetation in the Southern Ural
Authors: Khasanova Gulnaz Rimovna , Yamalov Sergey Maratovich , Lebedeva Maria Vladimirovna , Golovanov Yaroslav Mikhailovich
Published: December 2020

A geobotanic survey was carried out and the diversity of weed communities of the steppe zone of the Orenburg and Ilek administrative Districts of the Orenburg Region was revealed. As a result of the synthaxonomic analysis, the studied communities are assigned to the new associationAmarantho blitoidis-Lactucetum tataricaeass. nov. hoc loco in the system of units of ecological-floristic classification of Eurasia vegetation. The association united weed communities of spring wheat, sunflower, less often rye, barley, corn and sorghum, emerging mainly on well-drained swollen soils in the flood of the Ural River. The cenophlora is characterized by the presence of bondate and optional psammophytes Chondrilla brevirostris,Helichrysum arenarium,Ceratocarpus arenarius, etc. The communities of the association occupy an extreme position on gradients of aridity and moisturization factors among other weed vegetation communities of the Southern Ural. The North American alien speciesEuphorbia glyptospermaEngelm has been discovered for the first time in the Orenburg Region (subgenusChamaesyceRaf., sectionAnisophyllumRoep.). Currently this species is expanding its range from the south of the Russian Federation. Other alien plants have been noted as part of the communities:Amaranthus blitoidesS.Wats.,A.retroflexusL.,Conyza canadensis(L.) Cronq.,Xanthium album(Widder) Scholz et Sucopp.