bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of banditry on primary health care delivery in north-western Nigeria
Authors: Sani Nasiru , Ikwuka David Chibuike , Muhammed Adamu Abdullahi , Musa Murtala Sani
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the effects of banditry on primary health care delivery in north-western Nigeria. Banditry has emerged as a critical concern in recent years in the region, affecting many sectors including healthcare systems. We examined how the escalating violence and insecurity have disrupted the provision of essential health services, leading to a range of adverse consequences, including the displacement of healthcare workers, the closure of health facilities, and the hindrance of medical supply chains in north-western Nigeria. The secondary sources of data reviewed show the detrimental effects of banditry on healthcare delivery in north-western Nigeria, particularly in rural communities. These effects included instilling fear among health workers, of which there are already insufficient numbers, hence forcing them away from healthcare centres and contributing to a malnutrition crisis. Thus, it is recommended that there should be robust security measures to safeguard healthcare facilities and workers, community outreach programs to educate local populations, telemedicine services and mobile clinics to provide healthcare services in areas with limited access due to security concerns, training of healthcare workers in conflict-prone areas in emergency response and conflict resolution to deal with security threats effectively, and collaboration with local non-governmental organisations (NGOs), community leaders, and traditional healers to bridge gaps in healthcare delivery.
Malaria and Malignancies- A review
Authors: Sugathan Adarsh , Rao Shamathmika , Arun Kumar Nayanatara , Chatterjee Pratik
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Malaria, a parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium sp. is a substantial threat to global health. In recent years, the association of malignancies and malaria has been an interesting field of research. To date, Burkitt's lymphoma has shown a close association with Malaria in the sub-Saharan nations. The latest research targets the current anti-malarial medicines as a promising approach towards novel anti-cancer therapies. The complicated relationship between malaria, genetics, immune response, and cancer might help in exploring various pharmacological approaches that might help in the therapeutic approach to malaria and cancer. Further, in-depth in-vivo and in-vitro studies are needed to establish the link between malaria infection and cancer progression.
Aims and Objectives: This review aims to explore the key associations of malaria and various malignancies and the possible anti-cancer effects of anti-malarial drugs.
Materials and Methods: A critical review of 53 articles from  1987 to 2023 was conducted.
Conclusion:
• Endemic Burkitt's lymphoma shows a synergy with malaria, but more studies are needed to explore, for correlating the possible associations of malaria with other malignancies.
• Non-hematological malignancies were shown not to have a strong correlation with malaria.
• Anti-malarial drugs displaying anti-cancer properties could be a promising adjunct to current routine cancer treatment
Concept of combined strain-stress state control of long span structures
Authors: Tokarchuk V. V. , Tsimbel'man N. Ya.
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Argumentation of necessity of special protective system design to protect structures in seismic zones and remote areas from specific loads. Such protective system combines seismic isolation and internal force control systems.Research findings: Restrictions of long-span structures construction are reviewed. Such restrictions are caused by building conditions embodied in National Building Codes and Standards. Combined and separate use of seismic isolation and internal force control systems is a critical specific load protection. Present inventions and experience in the field of seismic isolation and internal force control systems are reviewed.Value: The article determines problems of protective system design based on the control for combined strain-stress state.
Red mud in high-strength ceramics production
Authors: Vakalova T. V. , Sergeev N. P. , Tolegenov D. T. , Tolegenova D. Zh. , Mitina N. A.
Published: April 2024

The work is devoted to the creation of high-strength ceramic materials with technogenic waste fillers.Purpose: Investigation of the ceramic and composite production based on chemical and metallurgical wastes to create new types of high quality constructional ceramics.Methodology/approach: The use of refractory clay with the addition of high-iron bauxite sludge as the main raw material. Bauxite sludge functions in compositions with aluminosilicate raw materials at burning at 1100 to 1200 °С, reduce to sintering due to its melting at 1150 °С.Research findings: Refractory clay compositions with red mud in the amount of 20 to 50 % at the burning temperature of 1050 °С, provide the ceramic formation possessing the compressive strength 1.3 to 1.5 times higher than that of clay samples without additives, i.e., 91 and 122–132 MPa, respectively.Value: The obtained ceramic compositions based on red mud determine a production of high-strength anorthite and anorthite-helenite ceramics using dry pressing.
Stress field evolution on rebar coupling connection at uniaxial tension
Authors: Ustinov A. M. , Klopotov A. A. , Plyaskin A. S. , Volokitin G. G.
Published: April 2024

Rebar coupling connections are widely used for joints, and it is necessary to get information about the stress field distribution on the coupling surface at uniaxial tension to characterize operation of such joints.Purpose:The aim of the work is to study the stress-strain state of rebar connections under tension, full-scale junctions of the type A500 rods, and the deformation influence on the steel microstructure of grade С1020.Methodology:Non-contact three-dimensional imaging system VIC-3D and digital image correlation and tracking for studying stress-strain state of rebar connection; transmission electron microscopy for studying the steel microstructure.Research findings:Load-displacement curves are suggested for the valve coupling, and three deformation stages are identified: 1) elastic deformation of the coupling connection, 2) parabolic hardening, 3) preceding the coupling connection destruction. The analysis of the strain field distribution on the coupling connection shows that at any time, plastic strain localizes in certain zones of the sample. The stress field evolution on the coupling connection correlates with the indicated deformation stages. The compliance of the rebar joint made of seamless hot-deformed tube with an outer and inner diameters 51 and 32 mm, respectively, made of С1020 steel grade, induces 500 MPa stress in the normal section of rebar under the tensile axial load.Value:It is shown that during uniaxial tension of 0 to 5 %, perlite fractures, which is accompanied by further polarization of the dislocation structure. The internal stress amplitude increases and at 5% tension, far-range stresses grow as compared with those induced forest dislocations. The main contribution to far-range stresses and their change at 5 % tension is made by the elastic component, that promotes to the microcrack formation.
Natural landscape in the formation of historical city Saratov
Authors: Arkhangel'skaya I. V. , Furman N. V.
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The aim of this work is to determine the structural components of the natural landscape of Saratov and comprehend its role and place in the formation of this historical city.Research findings: Based on the analysis of related research results, the forwarded statements determine further research. The detected key elements of the landscape provide the expressiveness and interrelation of natural and anthropogenic subsystems in the city. Two levels of the city formation are distinguished together with their structure and influence on the city of Saratov. Research findings: Based on the analysis of related research results, the forwarded statements determine further research. The detected key elements of the landscape provide the expressiveness and interrelation of natural and anthropogenic subsystems in the city. Two levels of the city formation are distinguished together with their structure and influence on the city of Saratov.
Longitudinal brain volumetrics in glioma survivors
Authors: McDonald Andrew M. , Murdaugh Donna L. , Heinzman Katherine A. , Cardan Rex A. , Jacob Jessica , Fiveash John B. , Nabors L. Burt , Cooper Courtney A. , Hoyle John M. , Milner Desmin , Cardenas Carlos E.
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE

Radiation therapy (RT) is used selectively for patients with low-grade glioma (LGG) given the concerns for potential cognitive effects in survivors, but prior cognitive outcome studies among LGG survivors have had inconsistent findings. Translational studies that characterize changes in brain anatomy and physiology after treatment of LGG may help to both contextualize cognitive findings and improve the overall understanding of radiation effects in normal brain tissue. This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that patients with LGG who are treated with RT will experience greater brain volume loss than those who do not receive RT.

METHODS

This retrospective longitudinal study included all patients with WHO grade 2 glioma who received posttreatment surveillance MRI at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Volumetric analysis of contralateral cortical white matter (WM), cortical gray matter (GM), and hippocampus was performed on all posttreatment T1-weighted MRI sequences using the SynthSeg script. The effect of clinical and treatment variables on brain volumes was assessed using two-level hierarchical linear models.

RESULTS

The final study cohort consisted of 105 patients with 1974 time points analyzed. The median length of imaging follow-up was 4.6 years (range 0.36–18.9 years), and the median number of time points analyzed per patient was 12 (range 2–40). Resection was performed in 79 (75.2%) patients, RT was administered to 61 (58.1%) patients, and chemotherapy was administered to 66 (62.9%) patients. Age at diagnosis (β = −0.06, p < 0.001) and use of RT (β = −1.12, p = 0.002) were associated with the slope of the contralateral cortical GM volume model (i.e., change in GM over time). Age at diagnosis (β = −0.08, p < 0.001), midline involvement (β = 1.31, p = 0.006), and use of RT (β = −1.45, p = 0.001) were associated with slope of the contralateral cortical WM volume model. Age (β = −0.0027, p = 0.001), tumor resection (β = −0.069, p < 0.001), use of chemotherapy (β = −0.0597, p = 0.003), and use of RT (β = −0.0589, p < 0.001) were associated with the slope of the contralateral hippocampus volume model.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrated volume loss in contralateral brain structures among LGG survivors, and patients who received RT experienced greater volume loss than those who did not. The results of this study may help to provide context for cognitive outcome research in LGG survivors and inform the design of future strategies to preserve cognition.
Opiate-reduction protocol for common outpatient spinal procedures: a long-term feasibility study and single-center experience
Authors: Eley Nicholas , Bansal Aiyush , Alostaz Murad , Kumar Rakesh , Leveque Jean-Christophe , Louie Philip K.
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE

The opioid epidemic continues to be at the forefront of public health. As a response to this crisis, many statewide and national medical groups have sought to develop opioid-prescribing guidelines for both acute and chronic pain states. Given the lack of evidence in the neurosurgical landscape, the authors’ institution implemented opioid-prescribing guidelines for common outpatient spinal procedures in 2017, subsequently demonstrating a significant reduction in the narcotics prescribed. However, the ability to maintain the results garnered from such guidelines long term has not been described. The objective of this study was to evaluate postoperative opioid utilization at a high-volume quaternary referral center 5 years after the initial implementation of an opioid-reduction protocol for common outpatient spinal procedures.

METHODS

From the electronic medical records, authors collected data on the number of tablets and total morphine equivalent dose (MED) prescribed, acute postoperative readmissions for pain concerns, refill requests, and conversion to long-term opiate use in the 5 years following implementation of an opioid-reduction protocol for common outpatient spinal procedures. These procedures, undertaken in opiate-naive patients, included 1- or 2-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, 1- or 2-level cervical disc replacement, and 1- or 2-level laminectomy, laminotomy, or foraminotomy (cervical or lumbar).

RESULTS

The total quantity of narcotics was reduced by 37.0 tablets per patient after protocol implementation and over the 5-year period thereafter. Generally, patients were discharged with an average of 23.3 tablets, concurrent with the initial goal of 24 tablets, set forth in 2017. These results confirm an ongoing reduction in opiate quantities prescribed and overall morphine equivalent totals at the time of discharge over the course of 5 years after initial protocol implementation.

CONCLUSIONS

A standardized discharge protocol for postoperative outpatient spinal procedures can lead to long-term reductions in opioid discharge quantity, without compromising patient safety or increasing the utilization of hospital resources through readmissions, refill requests, or clinic phone calls. This study provides an example of a feasible and effective discharge prescription regimen that may be generalizable to common outpatient neurosurgical procedures with long-term evidence that a small intervention can lead to ongoing reduced quantities of postoperative opioids at the time of discharge.
Development of an in vitro ventricular shunt material testing model and utility of PEG as antifouling coating
Authors: Prindeze Nicholas J. , Szeto Stephen G. , Glaser Neta , Brown Cyan B. , Azagury Dan E. , Maher Cormac O.
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE

CSF shunts, most commonly the ventriculoperitoneal shunt, remain a first and last line of management for children and adults with hydrocephalus. However, the failure rates of these shunts are extremely high, leaving many patients with the need for revision surgical procedures. The objective of this study was to develop a model to assess the efficacy of a nonfouling ventricular catheter. A second objective was to test polyethylene glycol (PEG) as an antifouling coating.

METHODS

Microglial cells were grown on medical-grade catheter silicone with biofouling simulated by collagen incubation over a range of concentrations from 31 to 103 µg/ml and durations from 2 to 18 hours. After ideal fouling conditions were identified, catheter silicone was then coated with PEG as an antifouling surface, and cell growth on this surface was compared to that on uncoated standard catheter silicone.

RESULTS

Collagen biofouling increased cell growth on silicone surfaces with an ideal concentration of 69 µg/ml and incubation of 6 hours. PEG coating of silicone catheter material yielded 70-fold lower cell growth (p < 0.0001), whereas collagen-fouled PEG-coated silicone yielded 157-fold lower cell growth (p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

Catheter coating significantly reduced cell growth, particularly in the setting of biofouling. The application of antifouling surfaces to ventricular shunts shows considerable promise for improving efficacy.
Strategic planning in conditions of uncertainty: Adaptivity for sustainability
Authors: Якобсон Л.И.
Published: April 2024

При разработке стратегических планов государства и бизнеса сегодня приходится учитывать глубокую неопределенность будущих состояний природной и общественной среды. В бизнесе постепенно формируются подходы к решению этой задачи и переосмысливаются привычные представления об управлении рисками. Та же задача, еще более сложная применительно к стратегическому планированию на уровне государств, становится весьма настоятельной, но пока решается менее успешно. Бесперспективны попытки найти ее решение на основе опыта советского планирования и в целом на базе планирования как детальных, так и агрегированных показателей производства конкретной продукции (outputs). Более адекватны подходы, ориентированные на индикаторы конечных результатов (outcomes) при условии придания приоритетности не многочисленным количественно определенным заданиям, а устойчивости направлений развития и оптимальных способов действий. Целесообразно, с одной стороны, избегать включения в стратегические планы верхнего уровня того, что может потребовать корректировок ради реакций на новые вызовы и возможности, а с другой — предусматривать в этих планах стратегии реагирования на них, включающие условия и правила корректировок планов иных уровней. Предлагается один из инструментов управления рисками в условиях неопределенности под названием «лестницы устойчивости».

When designing both governmental and business strategic plans nowadays, an overwhelming uncertainty about the future state of natural and social environment needs to be considered. Businesses are gradually shaping approaches to solve this problem and revising the known ideas of risk management. At the government level, however, the same problem, which becomes even more challenging, urgent and demanding, is still being solved less successfully. Any attempts to find the solution, mostly drawing on the Soviet planning experience, and generally based on the planning of both detailed and aggregate output indicators for specific products are futile. Approaches targeting outcomes are more adequate, provided that priority is given to the sustainability of the plans rather than to the number of quantitatively defined targets. It is expedient, on the one hand, to avoid including in the strategic plans a higher level of what may require adjustments for the sake of responding to new challenges and opportunities. On the other hand, it is advisable to introduce response strategies in these plans, including conditions and rules for the adjustment of plans at the other levels. This paper proposes one of the instruments for risk management in conditions of uncertainty called “a ladder of sustainability”.
The valve-sparing aortic root replacement: Results of the David I technique
Authors: Todurov B. M. , Stetsyuk I. O. , Zelenchuk O. V. , Mokryk I. Yu. , Stetsiuk L. R. , Demyanchuk V. B. , Malova N. V.
Published: April 2024

The aim – to determine the long-term results and quality of life of patients who underwent David І valve-sparing operation.Materials and methods. The one-center study included 53 patients who underwent planned and urgent David I procedure (valve-sparing replacement of the aortic root and ascending aorta) from 2015 to 2023. The mean age of the 53 patients (among them, 47 (88.68 %) males) was 49.11 ± 1.54 years. We analyzed basic characteristics of the patients, intraoperative and postoperative data. The quality of life was assessed before and in the long-term period after operations by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (MOS SF-36) questionnaire.Results and discussion. An average duration of the follow-up period was 2.59 ± 0.27 years ranging from 1.0 to 9.0 years. Overall in-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality was 1.89 % (n 1). Estimated 5-year survival rate was 95.7 ± 1.45 % for all patients. The average duration of the operations was 291.23 ± 12.67 minutes, the total duration of artificial blood circulation was 170.28 ± 8.77 minutes, aorta clamping time – 122.02 ± 5.92 minutes. The mean duration of stay in the hospital was 13.81 ± 0.54 days, intensive care unit – 2.94 ± 0.03 days. The number of patients extubated up to 8 hours after surgery was 48 patients (90.57 %). The performed operation significantly improved the indicators. Patients positively perceived the information about the absence of an artificial heart valve and need of concomitant use of anticoagulants. The patients had a good psycho-social component, which probably affected the assessment of other scales.Conclusions. Patients after David I operation have a low overall in-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality, with a short period of time in intensive care unit and hospital at all. Long-term results in indicator of 5-year survival are excellent. The operation significantly improves quality of life parameters.
A Strategy for Allowing Earlier Diagnosis and Rigorous Evaluation of BACE1 Inhibitors in Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ohno Masuo
Published: April 2024

Given continued failure of BACE1 inhibitor programs at symptomatic and prodromal stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), clinical trials need to target the earlier preclinical stage. However, trial design is complex in this population with negative diagnosis of classical hippocampal amnesia on standard memory tests. Besides recent advances in brain imaging, electroencephalogram, and fluid-based biomarkers, new cognitive markers should be established for earlier diagnosis that can optimize recruitment to BACE1 inhibitor trials in presymptomatic AD. Notably, accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF) is emerging as a sensitive cognitive measure that can discriminate between asymptomatic individuals with high risks for developing AD and healthy controls. ALF is a form of declarative memory impairment characterized by increased forgetting rates over longer delays (days to months) despite normal storage within the standard delays of testing (20–60 min). Therefore, ALF may represent a harbinger of preclinical dementia and the impairment of systems memory consolidation, during which memory traces temporarily stored in the hippocampus become gradually integrated into cortical networks. This review provides an overview of the utility of ALF in a rational design of next-generation BACE1 inhibitor trials in preclinical AD. I explore potential mechanisms underlying ALF and relevant early-stage biomarkers useful for BACE1 inhibitor evaluation, including synaptic protein alterations, astrocytic dysregulation and neuron hyperactivity in the hippocampal-cortical network. Furthermore, given the physiological role of the isoform BACE2 as an AD-suppressor gene, I also discuss the possible association between the poor selectivity of BACE1 inhibitors and their side effects (e.g., cognitive worsening) in prior clinical trials.
Shedding Light on the Effects of Blood Pressure on Cognitive Decline and Dementia Risk by Way of Neurobiological Evidence
Authors: de Oliveira Fabricio Ferreira
Published: April 2024

Midlife cerebrovascular risk factors increase risk of late life cognitive impairment and dementia, while their presence in patients with dementia may lead to cognitive improvement or stabilization in late life. Defining the best measure of blood pressure (BP) to be associated with cognitive decline remains debatable, also due to possible bidirectionality. BP variability, pulse pressure, systolic and diastolic BP have been associated with cognitive status, dementia risk and Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers. Proper BP control notwithstanding, BP variability increases risk for pathophysiological change in the Alzheimer’s disease continuum, implying the need for selection of anti-hypertensive drugs with neurobiological evidence of benefits.
Prevalence and Determinants of Diagnosed Dementia: A Registry Linkage Study Linking Diagnosis of Dementia in the Population-Based HUNT Study to Registry Diagnosis of Dementia in Primary Care and Hospitals in Norway
Authors: Gjøra Linda , Strand Bjørn Heine , Bergh Sverre , Bosnes Ingunn , Johannessen Aud , Livingston Gill , Skjellegrind Håvard Kjesbu , Selbæk Geir
Published: April 2024

Background: A timely diagnosis of dementia can be beneficial for providing good support, treatment, and care, but the diagnostic rate remains unknown and is probably low. Objective: To determine the dementia diagnostic rate and to describe factors associated with diagnosed dementia. Methods: This registry linkage study linked information on research-based study diagnoses of all-cause dementia and subtypes of dementias, Alzheimer’s disease, and related dementias, in 1,525 participants from a cross-sectional population-based study (HUNT4 70+) to dementia registry diagnoses in both primary-care and hospital registries. Factors associated with dementia were analyzed with multiple logistic regression. Results: Among those with research-based dementia study diagnoses in HUNT4 70+, 35.6% had a dementia registry diagnosis in the health registries. The diagnostic rate in registry diagnoses was 19.8% among home-dwellers and 66.0% among nursing home residents. Of those with a study diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, 35.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 32.6–39.0) had a registry diagnosis; for those with a study diagnosis of vascular dementia, the rate was 25.8% (95% CI 19.2–33.3) and for Lewy body dementias and frontotemporal dementia, the diagnosis rate was 63.0% (95% CI 48.7–75.7) and 60.0% (95% CI 43.3–75.1), respectively. Factors associated with having a registry diagnosis included dementia in the family, not being in the youngest or oldest age group, higher education, more severe cognitive decline, and greater need for help with activities of daily living. Conclusions: Undiagnosed dementia is common, as only one-third of those with dementia are diagnosed. Diagnoses appear to be made at a late stage of dementia.
Abordagem e orientação de pessoas trans e não binárias nos cuidados de saúde primários: experiência e conhecimento
Authors:   Institudo de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Monteiro João , Ferreira Alexandra ,   Institudo de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Ramos Bernardo ,   Institudo de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Dantas Beatriz ,   Institudo de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Couto Maria Inês ,   Institudo de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Vieira Jéssica ,   Institudo de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Moreira José ,   Institudo de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Coelho Marco ,   Institudo de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Fernandes Mercedes ,   Institudo de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Santos Pedro ,   Institudo de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rezende Rodolfo ,   Institudo de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Fernandes Sara ,   Institudo de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Santos Luísa ,   Institudo de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Saraiva Miguel ,   Institudo de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto
Published: April 2024

A prevalência de pessoas assumidamente trans e não binárias tem vindo a aumentar, sendo que no mundo hodierno estima-se representarem 0,39% e 1,19% da população mundial, respetivamente. Deste modo, torna-se cada vez mais imperativo que os cuidados de saúde primários estejam preparados para receber e orientar esta população nas suas necessidades de saúde gerais e específicas. Neste sentido, este trabalho pretende estudar o conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde e a sua abordagem aos utentes trans e não binários nas Unidades de Saúde Familiar adstritas ao Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, tendo sido enviado um questionário online à população em estudo. Constatou-se que, embora exista um significativo contacto entre médicos internos e especialistas de medicina geral e familiar com pessoas trans e não binárias na prática clínica, o grau percecionado de conhecimentos e de formação acerca das necessidades específicas desta população parece ser extremamente diminuto. É, assim, fulcral o investimento na formação pré-graduada, bem como na formação pós-graduada.
Patient-Doctor Depth of Relationship Scale validation and its influence on the outcomes: what is the importance of emotional intelligence when approaching the patient?
Authors:   Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Monteiro Margarida , Santiago Luiz Miguel ,   Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Simões José Augusto ,   Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra
Published: April 2024

Background: The patient-doctor relationship (DPR), promotes shared decision-making and patient-centered care, implying emotional intelligence and good communication, leading to positive health outcomes. Objective: To culturally adapt the Patient-Doctor Depth of Relationship Scale (PDDR) and convergently validate with the Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI) to ascertain the correlation between PDR and enablement. Methods: Cross-cultural adaptation process of the PDDR questionnaire to European Portuguese, through translation, linguistic verification, and reverse translation and also its understandability. Convergent validation with the Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI), after their doctor’s appointment, in a general practice/family medicine health unit. Context information, such as gender, age, living status, educational level, monthly income, Socioeconomic Deprivation Index (SEDI), and clinical appointment with the usual doctor, was also collected. Results: PDDR showed good understandability and acceptance and strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.785; intraclass correlation coefficient=0.785). A total of 81 patients participated in the study, most of them female (70.4%). There was a significant difference in the PDDR total score depending on whether the appointment had been with the usual doctor (p<0.001). Both a weak positive non-significant correlation between PDDR and SEDI total scores (ρ=0.300; p=0.790) and a moderate significant negative correlation between PDDR total score and PEI (ρ=-0.396; p<0.001) were found. Conclusion: The cross-cultural adaptation of the PDDR questionnaire to European Portuguese was carried out. PDDR proved to be a reasonable measure of the patient-doctor relationship, allowing greater patient enablement when a deeper patient-doctor relationship exists.
Science of Human Recognition-Behavioral Modeling-System
Authors: Masuda Yutaka
Published: April 2024

Human Self is an adaptation system to maintain homeostasis. The physical Self maintains physical homeostasis via the substantial modeling system, and the mental Self maintains mental homeostasis via the recognition-behavioral modeling system. Science organizes the recognizable targets of objects and phenomena in testable forms, and it functions to understand, define, quantify, visualize, or simulate properties of the target in the syllogistic hierarchy of framing, modeling, and explanation with sound inferences of language. In the present study, I analyzed the recognition-behavioral modeling system via the scientific procedure, and I considered that the recognition-behavioral modeling system performs information metabolism with the thinking codes of homology/simplification, clustering, operation, and modeling mounted in the Modeling layer of the Neuronal Network with an economic and stubborn manner coming from biological characteristics._ _I also analyzed the significance of meta-modeling in a neuro-psycho-pharmacological frame of the poly-framing verbalized world, and I comprehended that an emergent understanding in a frame is induced by completing the meta-model in the frame, and that the significant single-/meta-modeling codes are transmitted as the symbolical figures shared in philosophies belonging to different cultures.
Civilizational-Historical Approach and the World Order
Authors: Mamedov Ilgar
Published: April 2024

Many scholars opted to cultural-historical concept to explain historical events. They apply this approach to explain and understand the current global changes taking place in the international arena. Civilizational affiliation influences values, convictions, vision and behavior and significantly affects the world order being shaped nowadays.
Morphomechanics: An Extended View
Authors: Linde Marta
Published: April 2024

Morphomechanics is based on the idea that living matter can mechanically self-organize into forms without the need for a pre-pattern, as recently supported by the physics of active matter. Here an extended view is proposed that integrates bioelectricity and differentiation waves as the mechanisms by which cells measure mechanical stress and couple morphogenesis and cell differentiation, respectively. Morphomechanics is a largely unexplored approach, which however could deeply transform our way of seeing nature.
Efektivias temu ireng (Curcuma aeruginosa) terhadap lama kematian cacing gilik
Authors: Fardani Nabil Radif , Zulfa Fajriati , Irmarahayu Agneta , Setyaningsih Yuni , Ubaidillah Ubaidillah
Published: April 2024

Infeksi cacing merupakan penyakit yang paling sering terjadi di dunia, salah satunya adalah askariasis. Pengobatan askariasis dengan menggunakan obat antelmintik dapat menimbulkan berbagai efek negatif. Penggunaan tanaman berkhasiat merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk meminimalkan adanya efek negatif karena pemberian obat sintetis, salah satunya adalah rimpang temu ireng (Curcuma aeruginosa). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui LT100 dari berbagai konsentrasi ekstrak etanol temu ireng terhadap A. galli secara in vitro. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah true experimental dengan desain post-test control group design only. Penelitian ini menggunakan ekstrak etanol temu ireng yang diuji dengan konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, dan 75% yang diuji efektivitasnya terhadap kematian cacing A. galli, dan dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol positif pirantel pamoat 1% dan kontrol negatif NaCl 0,9% dengan 4 kali pengulangan. Hasil menunjukkan dengan uji repeated ANOVA dan didapatkan P<0,05 yang dilanjutkan dengan uji post-hoc didapatkan hasil tidak signifikan pada sebagian kelompok. LT100 didapat pada tiap konsentrasi yaitu pada konsentrasi 10% selama 9,96348 jam, konsentrasi 20% selama 7,49469 jam, konsentrasi 30% selama 6,87317 jam, konsentrasi 40% selama 7,18526 jam, konsentrasi 50% selama 6,54932 jam, konsentrasi 75% selama 4,53529 jam, dan kontrol positif pirantel pamoat 1% selama 4,10065 jam. Kesimpulannya bahwa Nilai LT100 paling cepat dari ekstrak temu ireng (C. aeruginosa) adalah pada konsentrasi 75% dengan waktu 4 jam, 32 menit, dan 32 detik, dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif pirantel pamoat 1% yaitu 4 jam, 6 menit, dan 6 detik. Hal ini disebabkan karena adanya senyawa tanin, saponin, monoterpene, dan seskuiterpene dalam ekstrak temu ireng.
Kata kunci: Antelmintik; Ascaridia galli; Curcuma aeruginosa; lethal time
Artificial intelligence in crime counteraction: From legal regulation to implementation
Authors: Shepitko Valery , Shepitko Mykhaylo , Latysh Kateryna , Kapustina Mariietta , Demidova Evgeniya
Published: April 2024

The research relevance is determined by artificial intelligence (AI) as one of the ways to guarantee public safety and increase the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies. The study aims to investigate whether AI can be used in the legal system, with a particular focus on forensics and crime fighting. To achieve the research goal, the following methods were used: comparative legal, formal legal, historical legal, systemic and structural, and theoretical and prognostic. The article examines the use of AI in the legal sector from different perspectives and identifies “high- risk” AI systems. These systems should be used with caution and following specific criteria to ensure their safe and ethical use. In the context of criminal justice, it also examines how conventional digital technologies are connected to sophisticated AI capabilities, with a particular focus on the use of AI in the investigation of war crimes committed by Russia against Ukraine. While it is recognised that these materials must comply with applicable legal norms, AI is being used with great attention to collect and analyse data relevant to war crimes investigations. The results of the study show that although the use of AI in law enforcement operations can significantly increase the effectiveness of investigations, strict rules are still necessary to protect human rights and freedoms. It highlights how important AI is for war crimes investigations, especially considering Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine. While it is recognised that these materials must comply with applicable legal norms, AI is being used with great attention to collect and analyse data relevant to war crimes investigations. The results of the study show that although the use of AI in law enforcement operations can significantly increase the effectiveness of investigations, strict rules are still necessary to protect human rights and freedoms. It emphasises how important AI is for war crimes investigations, especially considering Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine
Численное моделирование параметров теплоносителей в теплообменниках геликоидной формы
Authors: Курманова Динара
Published: April 2024

Статья посвящена численному моделированию теплообменных процессов в теплообменнике геликоидной формы. Здесь используется интенсифицированный теплообменник. Это теплообменник, представляющий собой закреплённый в спиральношовном корпусе пучок профилированных трубок (в данной статье представлен случай одной трубки для нагреваемого и одной трубки для нагревающего теплоносителей) из коррозионностойкого материала, через стенки которых осуществляется теплопередача от потока греющей среды к потоку нагреваемой. Трубки имеют геликоидный профиль. Основное отличие теплообменников такой конструкции заключается именно в профилированной теплообменной поверхности трубок. В работе применен гибридный подход: получение зависимостей при сложных переходных процессах течения теплоносителя (нефти) с сильно изменяющейся вязкостью из численного эксперимента и построение замкнутой математической модели теплообмена для теплообменника. В работе приведены результаты расчетов температурного поля нефти в зависимости от различных гидродинамических параметров. Численное моделирование динамики нефти решалось в программном комплексе Ansys Fluent, где были использованы стационарные уравнения Навье-Стокса, осредненные по Рейнольдсу. Численное моделирование течения жидкости и теплопередачи включает численное решение уравнений непрерывности, импульса и переноса энергии в вычислительной области в декартовых координатах. Для дискретизации основных уравнений используется метод конечных объемов на неструктурированных сетках и метод Coupled. Дискретизация невязких потоков осуществляется при помощи схемы MUSCL (Monotonic Upstream Schemes for Conservation Laws), а вязких потоков - центрированная схема 2-го порядка точности. В расчетах используется неравномерная сетка, в которой сгущение ячеек сетки производится около стенок трубы, где градиент температуры нефти является существенным. Чтобы контролировать сходимость итерационного процесса, проверяется уровень расхождения искомых физических величин и соответствие уравнению баланса массы. Исследование чувствительности сетки состоит из запуска одного и того же моделирования с использованием сеток с разным разрешением и анализируется, насколько сильно сходящееся решение меняется с каждой сеткой. Разрешение сетки около стены фиксировано на уровне y+<1, а количество ячеек сетки в оставшейся части расчетной области (часть области, находящейся вне инфляционного слоя) варьируется. Чувствительность сетки на результат оценивается по распределению температуры в выходном участке трубы. Расчеты завершаются, когда уровень расхождения всех физических величин уменьшается на три порядка, а рассогласование массовых расходов на входной и выходной границах расчетной области становится менее $10^{-3}$ кг/c.
Ivan Ohienko and the creation of the Historical Dictionary Of The Ukrainian Language
Authors:   Інститут українознавства ім. І. Крип’якевича НАНУ Український католицький університет, Dydyk-Meush Hanna
Published: April 2024

The article aims to comprehensively analyze a crucial issue in historical lexicog-raphy: creating index cards for the historical dictionary of the Ukrainian language and the dictionary itself. As is well known, the historical dictionary of any language is an essential testament to the language and its speakers. The article’s primary objective is to thoroughly discuss Professor Ivan Ohiienko’s role in supporting Ukrainian scholars in this fi eld, focusing on Yevhen Tymchenko, a prominent fi gure in 20th-century historical lexicography.Ivan Ohiienko played an instrumental role in this narrative by meticulously re-viewing the historical dictionary, the fi rst volume of which was published in 1930 (Volume I). He exhaustively analyzed the dictionary’s volume and concluded that the methods and approaches to its compilation needed reconsideration, specifi cally in favor of the Ukrainian language and its ancient history. The scholar emphasized the incompleteness of the recorded Ukrainian lexicon from the 14th to the 18th centuries, particularly the absence of a lexicon from the 11th to the 12th centuries. He was concerned that detractors and adversaries of the Ukrainian language would use this dictionary volume to their advantage.Ivan Ohiienko expressed his hope that the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, re-sponsible for the situation concerning the historical dictionary, would reevaluate the principles of the dictionary, taking into account all remarks and critiques.Regrettably, the «Ukrainian revival» period concluded with numerous reprisals against Ukrainian scholars, especially linguists and historians of the Ukrainian lan-guage. Yevhen Tymchenko was among the list of prohibited Ukrainian scholars, and the subsequent volume of the dictionary was annihilated in the printing house
Stereotyping of male and female as a moral norm of behavior in Ivan Ohiienko's work «Ukrainian Church»
Authors:   Kamianets- Podilskyi Ivan Ohiienko National Universiti, Zhurenko Jana
Published: April 2024

At the current stage, the works of I. Ohiienko’s encourage the scientifi c commu-nity to new searches and understanding of the written treasures of both the artist and ancient monuments.Sacred texts are the least researched, but they are signifi cant, since on the basis of biblical religious themes, Hilarion was the fi rst in national thought to depict the image of history, creates a peculiar concept of it, which is full of deep philosophical worldview content, refl ections on the fate of all mankind.The article is devoted to the study of I. Ohiienko’s sacred texts language, the illus-tration of stereotypes in the text, the verbalization of the scientist’s moral norms vision of that time behavior, the role of women in social and political life. Ivan Ohiienko’s sacred works become national material for understanding reality, and generalized im-ages are reproduced on the example of individual characters. Ivan Ohiienko has his original vision of the place and role of women and men in the social and political life of the country. In sacred texts Ivan Ohiienko discusses «mascu-line» and «feminine» as the moral norm of behavior in that time society. The linguistic image of the character is carried out through moral and psychological characteristics, deeds and actions, which are often unusual and inappropriate for a female person. These characteristics are marked by their national, mental, and cultural uniqueness. Sacred texts of Ivan Ohiіenko’s become national material for understanding reality.
Petition as a speech genre of Ukrainian presidential discourse
Authors:   Одеський національний університет імені І.І. Мечникова, Zavalska Lyubov
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the system of speech genres of modern Ukrainian presidential discourse. The study of presidential discourse as one of the varie-ties of political discourse is carried out in a communicative and pragmatic aspect. This involved taking into account the features of communicative interaction of political in-teraction participants, selected communication strategies and tactics, and identifying communicative intentions. One of the new genres of Ukrainian presidential discourse is considered – a petition to the President of Ukraine. Petitions of citizens to the President for 2015-2023 were analyzed and the structural-semantic and communicative-pragmatic features of this genre were determined. The remote and mediated nature of petitions as a genre of electronic communication between the head of state and citizens of Ukraine is taken into account. The main communicative strategies of speakers in petitions and the specifi cs of the President’s communicative behavior as addressee and respondent are characterized. Attention is focused on linguistic means of achieving the perlocutionary eff ect in the speech genre of the petition. The communicative intention of encouragement is defi ned as the main one in the petition, which determines the implementation of speech acts of off er and request. The two-component structure of the petition was considered and the speaker’s own appeal and the addressee’s response in communicative interaction with the participation of an indirect mass addressee were analyzed. The structural elements of the President’s response as a component of the speech genre of the petition are considered and its performative nature is determined. The problems of achieving perlocutionary eff ect in petitions and low eff ectiveness in political discourse are characterized.
The wordlview and language concept of Boris Hrynchenko in the epistolary heritage (on the material of the collection "...We will be able to give ourselves to Ukraine". Correspondence of Trokhym Zinkivskyi with Borys Grinchenko)
Authors:   Kamianets- Podilskyi Ivan Ohiienko National Universiti, Marchuk Liudmula
Published: April 2024

The peculiarity of the epistolary heritage is revealed in the variety of genre forms of the letter, in the depth of philosophical searches, in the inexhaustibility and sincerity of feelings, in linguistic stylistic experiments and careful attitude to epistolary canons.Letters, as is known, form the basis of epistolary texts. Among other types of texts, they are distinguished by a clear orientation to a specifi c type of addressee and provision of correspondence communication. The construction of such texts depends on many factors: the presence of a textual tradition, the situation of hypothetical per-ception of the text, the addressee, forms of implementation and distribution of the text, and other subjective conditions of epistolary communication.B. Grinchenko’s worldview and language concept is defi ned in a signifi cant creative heritage, which covers the following issues: the signifi cant role of language in the develop-ment of national culture and in the self-determination of the people; the formation of public opinion against the restrictions and prohibitions of the Ukrainian language by tsarism; devel-opment of theoretical foundations regarding the sources of enrichment and ways of develop-ment of the Ukrainian literary language; attitude to spelling practice; standardization of the Ukrainian literary language; creative communication with other writers.In the letters of B. Hrinchenko, structural and semantic features typical for Ukrainian epistolary are refl ected, which are creatively reworked in specifi c texts. Each letter can be considered as a separate completed act of communication.Ukraine became the key image-symbol in the correspondence between Borys Grinchenko and Trokhym Zinkivskyi. Ukraine, the Ukrainian language, Ukrainian writers are the key points in B. Grinchenko’s correspondence, as they coincide with the life position of the author of the letters. Borys Hrinchenko’s correspondence is a vivid example of how obsessed a person must be, who laid a brick in the foundations of the independent new state of Ukraine.