bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instantaneous wave‐free ratio for guiding treatment of nonculprit lesions in patients with acute coronary syndrome: A retrospective study
Authors: Hidalgo Francisco , Gonzalez‐Manzanares Rafael , Ojeda Soledad , Benito‐González Tomás , Gutiérrez‐Barrios Alejandro , De la Torre Hernández José María , Minguito‐Carazo Carlos , Izaga‐Torralba Elena , Cabrera‐Rubio Indira , Flores‐Vergara Guisela , de Lezo Javier Suárez , Romero‐Moreno Miguel , de Prado Armando Pérez , Pan Manuel
Published: December 2021

Background

The aim of this study was to analyze the feasibility of a physiological coronary evaluation with the instantaneous wave‐free ratio (iFR) of nonculprit lesions in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) successfully revascularized.

Methods

A multicenter registry including patients of four high‐volume PCI centers with ACS and underwent successful revascularization of the culprit vessel and had other nonculprit lesions that were physiologically evaluated with the iFR between January 2017 and December 2019. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, probable or definitive stent thrombosis and new revascularization (MACEs).

Results

A total of 356 patients with 472 nonculprit lesions were included. The mean age was 66 ± 11 years. The clinical presentation was ACS without persistent ST‐segment elevation (NSTE‐ACS) in 235 patients (66%) and ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in 121 patients (34%). After a median follow‐up period of 21 (14‐30) months, the primary endpoint occurred in 32 patients (9%). There were no differences in outcomes regarding clinical presentation (NSTEMI vs. NSTE‐ACS, 9.1 vs. 8.9%, padj = 0.570) or iFR induced treatment strategy (patients with all lesions revascularized vs. patients with at least one lesion with an iFR > 0.89 deferred for revascularization, 10.5 vs. 8.4%, padj = 0.476).

Conclusions

The use of the iFR to guide percutaneous coronary intervention decision making in nonculprit lesions seems to be feasible, with an acceptable percentage of MACEs at the mid‐term follow‐up. Patients with deferred revascularization of lesions without physiological significance and patients undergoing complete revascularization had a similar risk of MACEs.
Improving High‐Voltage Performance of a LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 Cathode with Triallyl Phosphite as an Electrolyte Additive
Authors: Fan Shilei , Sun Mingzhu , Liu Yingchun , Wang Qi
Published: December 2021

Triallyl phosphite (TAPi) is studied as an electrolyte additive for high‐voltage LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathodes. Theoretical calculations combined with linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) tests demonstrate that TAPi tends to be preferentially oxidized and suppresses the decomposition of traditional carbonate‐based electrolytes. In addition, the hydrolysis of LiPF6 salt in the electrolyte is investigated by 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, which prove that TAPi inhibits the decomposition of LiPF6. The results of charge/discharge measurements show that TAPi is effective to improve the capacity retention of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/Li half‐cell and LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/graphite full‐cell. The mechanism of TAPi is studied by a series of physical characterizations, the results indicate that TAPi forms a protective interphase film on the cathode surface after cycling. The TAPi‐derived film protects the cathode structure from destruction to improve the electrochemical performance of the LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode at high voltage.
Structural and Functional Analysis of Bacterial Sulfonosphingolipids and Rosette‐Inducing Factor 2 (RIF‐2) by Mass Spectrometry‐Guided Isolation and Total Synthesis
Authors: Leichnitz Daniel , Peng Chia‐Chi , Raguž Luka , Rutaganira Florentine U. N. , Jautzus Theresa , Regestein Lars , King Nicole , Beemelmanns Christine
Published: December 2021

We have analyzed the abundance of bacterial sulfonosphingolipids, including rosette‐inducing factors (RIFs), in seven bacterial prey strains by using high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS2) and molecular networking (MN) within the Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) web platform. Six sulfonosphingolipids resembling RIFs were isolated and their structures were elucidated based on comparative MS and NMR studies. Here, we also report the first total synthesis of two RIF‐2 diastereomers and one congener in 15 and eight synthetic steps, respectively. For the total synthesis of RIF‐2 congeners, we employed a decarboxylative cross‐coupling reaction to synthesize the necessary branched α‐hydroxy fatty acids, and the Garner‐aldehyde approach to generate the capnine base carrying three stereogenic centers. Bioactivity studies in the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta revealed that the rosette inducing activity of RIFs is inhibited dose dependently by the co‐occurring sulfonosphingolipid sulfobacins D and F and that activity of RIFs is specific for isolates obtained from Algoriphagus.
2‐Diphenylphosphinoyl‐acetyl as a Remote Directing Group for the Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Glycosides
Authors: Liu Xianglai , Lin Yetong , Liu Ao , Sun Qianhui , Sun Huiyong , Xu Peng , Li Guolong , Song Yingying , Xie Weijia , Sun Haopeng , Yu Biao , Li Wei
Published: December 2021

Comprehensive Summary

The configuration of the anomeric glycosidic linkages is crucial for maintaining the biological functions and activities of carbohydrate molecules. However, their stereochemistry control in glycosylation represents one of the most challenging tasks in carbohydrate chemistry. In this report, the easily accessible 2‐diphenylphosphinoyl‐acetyl (DPPA) group was developed as a highly stereodirecting group for catalytic glycosylation via hydrogen‐bond mediated delivery of the alcoholic acceptors. TMSOTf‐catalyzed glycosylation with DPPA‐installed glycosyl imidate donors displayed excellent β‐selectivities and broad substrate scope, particularly practical to synthesize the challenging β‐configured 2‐deoxy and 2‐azido‐2‐deoxy glycosides from poor acceptors suffering from electron‐deficiency, steric hindrance, and structural rigidity. Chemoselective removal of the DPPA group could be readily achieved under the mild catalysis of Ni(OTf)2 without affecting acid‐ or base‐labile functional groups, facilitating a rapid conversion to biologically important molecules such as uronic acids and 2,6‐deoxy glycosides. The application of this DPPA‐directed glycosylation was further highlighted in the complex synthesis toward saponin dioscin using 2,4‐O‐glycosylated donor in a convergent manner.
Increases in positive emotions as precursors to therapeutic change
Authors: McNeil Galen D. , Repetti Rena L.
Published: December 2021

Increases in positive emotions may not only be indicators of progress in therapy but also precursors to that improvement. Conducted in a psychology training clinic, this naturalistic, repeated‐measures study tracked changes over the course of therapy in 34 clients' emotional experience and two of the primary targets of clinical interventions, symptom distress and relationship functioning. During treatment, positive emotions increased, negative emotions decreased, and improvements were seen in therapeutic outcomes. Positive and negative emotions were correlated, as were changes in positive and negative emotions. However, despite this association, increases in positive emotions were a significant predictor of concurrent improvements in symptom distress and relationship functioning, even when decreases in negative emotions were included in the same model. Additionally, positive emotions not only predicted change in these treatment outcomes over the same time period, but they also predicted future change. This study contributes to research on the critical role positive emotions play in psychotherapy and may encourage the development of interventions focusing on increasing positive emotions. These findings highlight the distinct functioning of positive emotions separate from negative and the value of attending to positive emotions during therapy.
Current Practices, Gap Analysis, and Proposed Workflows for PBPK Modeling of Cytochrome P450 Induction: An Industry Perspective
Authors: Hariparsad Niresh , Ramsden Diane , Taskar Kunal , Badée Justine , Venkatakrishnan Karthik , Reddy Micaela B. , Cabalu Tamara , Mukherjee Dwaipayan , Rehmel Jessica , Bolleddula Jayaprakasam , Emami Riedmaier Arian , Prakash Chandra , Chanteux Hugues , Mao Jialin , Umehara Kenichi , Shah Kushal , De Zwart Loeckie , Dowty Martin , Kotsuma Masakatsu , Li Mengyao , Pilla Reddy Venkatesh , McGinnity Dermot F. , Parrott Neil
Published: December 2021

The International Consortium for Innovation and Quality (IQ) Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling Induction Working Group (IWG) conducted a survey across participating companies around general strategies for PBPK modeling of induction, including experience with its utility to address various questions, regulatory interactions, and regulatory acceptance. The results highlight areas where PBPK modeling is used with high confidence and identifies opportunities where confidence is lower and further evaluation is needed. To enhance the survey results, the PBPK‐IWG also collected case studies and analyzed recent literature examples where PBPK models were applied to predict CYP3A induction‐mediated drug‐drug interactions. PBPK modeling of induction has evolved and progressed significantly, proving to have great potential to accelerate drug discovery and development. With the aim of enabling optimal use for new molecular entities that are either substrates and/or inducers of CYP3A, the PBPK‐IWG proposes initial workflows for PBPK application, discusses future trends, and identifies gaps that need to be addressed.
Anticoagulant Treatment Regimens in Patients With Covid‐19: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Jorda Anselm , Siller‐Matula Jolanta M. , Zeitlinger Markus , Jilma Bernd , Gelbenegger Georg
Published: December 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is associated with a hypercoagulable state. It has been hypothesized that higher‐dose anticoagulation, including therapeutic‐dose and intermediate‐dose anticoagulation, is superior to prophylactic‐dose anticoagulation in the treatment of COVID‐19. This meta‐analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of higher‐dose anticoagulation compared with prophylactic‐dose anticoagulation in patients with COVID‐19. Ten randomized controlled open‐label trials with a total of 5,753 patients were included. The risk of death and net adverse clinical events (including death, thromboembolic events, and major bleeding) were similar between higher‐dose and prophylactic‐dose anticoagulation (risk ratio (RR) 0.96, 95% CI, 0.79–1.16, P = 0.66 and RR 0.87, 95% CI, 0.73–1.03, P = 0.11, respectively). Higher‐dose anticoagulation, compared with prophylactic‐dose anticoagulation, decreased the risk of thromboembolic events (RR 0.63, 95% CI, 0.47–0.84, P = 0.002) but increased the risk of major bleeding (RR 1.76, 95% CI, 1.19–2.62, P = 0.005). The risk of death showed no statistically significant difference between higher‐dose anticoagulation and prophylactic‐dose anticoagulation in noncritically ill patients (RR 0.87, 95% CI, 0.50–1.52, P = 0.62) and in critically ill patients with COVID‐19 (RR 1.04, 95% CI, 0.93–1.17, P = 0.5). The risk of death was similar between therapeutic‐dose vs. prophylactic‐dose anticoagulation (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.69–1.21, P = 0.54) and between intermediate‐dose vs. prophylactic‐dose anticoagulation (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.63–1.61, P = 0.98). In patients with markedly increased d‐dimer levels, higher‐dose anticoagulation was also not associated with a decreased risk of death as compared with prophylactic‐dose anticoagulation (RR 0.86, 95% CI, 0.64–1.16, P = 0.34). Without any clear evidence of survival benefit, these findings do not support the routine use of therapeutic‐dose or intermediate‐dose anticoagulation in critically or noncritically ill patients with COVID‐19.
New‐Generation Carbon‐Capture Ionic Liquids Regulated by Metal‐Ion Coordination
Authors: Suo Xian , Yang Zhenzhen , Fu Yuqing , Do‐Thanh Chi‐Linh , Maltsev Dmitry , Luo Huimin , Mahurin Shannon M. , Jiang De‐en , Xing Huabin , Dai Sheng
Published: December 2021

Development of efficient carbon capture‐and‐release technologies with minimal energy input is a long‐term challenge in mitigating CO2 emissions, especially via CO2 chemisorption driven by engineered chemical bond construction. Herein, taking advantage of the structural diversity of ionic liquids (ILs) in tuning their physical and chemical properties, precise reaction energy regulation of CO2 chemisorption was demonstrated deploying metal‐ion‐amino‐based ionic liquids (MAILs) as absorbents. The coordination ability of different metal sites (Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, and Mg) to amines was harnessed to achieve fine‐tuning on stability constants of the metal ion‐amine complexes, acting as the corresponding cations in the construction of diverse ILs coupled with CO2‐philic anions. The as‐afforded MAILs exhibited efficient and controllable CO2 release behavior with great reduction in energy input and minimal sacrifice on CO2 uptake capacity. This coordination‐regulated approach offers new prospects for the development of ILs‐based systems and beyond towards energy‐efficient carbon capture technologies.
A 1‐year follow‐up study of the longitudinal interplay between emotion dysregulation and childhood trauma in the treatment of anorexia nervosa
Authors: Cassioli Emanuele , Rossi Eleonora , D'Anna Giulio , Martelli Michela , Hazzard Vivienne M. , Crosby Ross D. , Wonderlich Stephen A. , Ricca Valdo , Castellini Giovanni
Published: December 2021

Objective

The study aimed to investigate the complex relationship between eating disorder (ED) specific psychopathology, emotion dysregulation, and their longitudinal variations in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) treated with a multidisciplinary approach including enhanced cognitive‐behavior therapy (CBT‐E), and to provide an integrated model which includes childhood trauma as a predictor of worse treatment outcomes.

Method

In total, 120 female patients with AN were evaluated at admission (T0), and 105 were re‐evaluated after 1 year (T1) of treatment. At T0, patients underwent a clinical assessment and filled the Symptom Checklist 90‐Revised (SCL90‐R), the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). SCL‐90‐R, EDE‐Q, and DERS were readministered at T1. Variations between T0 and T1 were evaluated, and the proposed model was investigated using bivariate latent change score analysis in a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework.

Results

An overall significant clinical amelioration was observed after treatment. A unidirectional effect of DERS scores on EDE‐Q variations was outlined by SEM: patients with higher baseline DERS scores achieved less EDE‐Q improvements, and EDE‐Q latent change score was significantly predicted by longitudinal variations of DERS—but not vice versa. Higher CTQ scores predicted reduced treatment efficacy for ED‐specific psychopathology through the mediating effect of higher baseline DERS scores.

Discussion

The present study sheds light on the mechanism by which early trauma compromises treatment outcome in patients with AN, underlining the crucial role of emotional dysregulation.
Camera trap reveals the co‐occurrence patterns of two sympatric muntjac species in southern Anhui Province, China: No spatial segregation
Authors: Deng Shuaitao , Li Jiaqi , Qu Yashu , He Jun , Liu Kai , Xue Hui , Cui Peng , Ruan Xiangdong , Wu Hailong
Published: December 2021

The competitive relationship and coexistence pattern among close related species have long been one of the hot issues in ecological research. Interspecies interactions can exert important influences on the local distribution of rare species. Black muntjac Muntiacus crinifrons is an endemic species to eastern China, currently restricted to limited regions. In contrast, Chinese muntjac Muntiacus reevesi is the most common and widespread deer in southern China. Both species co‐occur in southern Anhui and western Zhejiang Province. Little is known about the interaction of these two sympatric‐related species. In this study, to investigate the site use determinants and co‐occurrence pattern of the two sympatric muntjac species, we conducted a camera trap survey across about 250 km2 in mountainous area of southern Anhui Province, China. We adopted a multistep approach to incorporate habitat preferences while modeling occupancy and detection. We found that the two species did not separate along elevation gradient (range from 400 m to 1,400 m) as described in previous studies. Results of single‐species occupancy models indicated that elevation had positive effects on the site use of both species, while slope had an opposite influence on their site use. Positive effects of elevation on the site use implied that both species try to avoid human interference at low elevations. Significant negative effect of slope on the site use of black muntjac suggested that the species prefer habitat with gentle slope and avoided steep. Co‐occurrence models and species interaction factors provided evidence that the two muntjac species had an independent occupancy (ψBM CM = ψBM cm, SIF = 1) and exhibited a positive species interaction in detection probability (pBM < rBM CM). Combined with the results of previous studies, we suggested that it was fine differentiation in microhabitats and food resources utilization rather spatial or temporal segregation that allowed the two species co‐occurrence. The site use determinants revealed in our study would be useful for the habitat conservation and restoration for the rare black muntjac, and the co‐occurrence pattern of the two sympatric muntjac species could provide useful information for deep understanding of the coexistence mechanism among forest‐dwelling ungulates.
Zinc‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks for High‐Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes: Mechanism Underlying Pore Generation
Authors: Umezawa Shigeyuki , Douura Takashi , Yoshikawa Koji , Tanaka Daisuke , Stolojan Vlad , Silva S. Ravi P. , Yoneda Mika , Gotoh Kazuma , Hayashi Yasuhiko
Published: December 2021

Heat treatment of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has provided a wide variety of functional carbons coordinated with metal compounds. In this study, two kinds of zinc‐based MOF (ZMOF), C16H10O4Zn (ZMOF1) and C8H4O4Zn (ZMOF2), were prepared. ZMOF1 and ZMOF2 were carbonized at 1000 °C, forming CZMOF1 and CZMOF2, respectively. The specific surface area (SBET) of CZMOF2 was ~2700 m2 g−1, much higher than that of CZMOF1 (~1300 m2 g−1). A supercapacitor electrode based on CZMOF2 achieved specific capacitances of 360, 278, and 221 F g−1 at 50, 250, and 1000 mA g−1 in an aqueous electrolyte (H2SO4), respectively, the highest values reported to date for ZMOF‐derived electrodes under identical conditions. The practical applicability of the CZMOF‐based supercapacitor was verified in non‐aqueous electrolytes. The initial capacitance retention was 78% after 100 000 charge/discharge cycles at 10 A g−1. Crucially, the high capacitance of CZMOF2 arises from pore generation during carbonization. Below 1000 °C, pore generation is dominated by the Zn/C ratio of ZMOFs, as carbon atoms reduce the zinc oxides formed during carbonization. Above 1000 °C, a high O/C ratio becomes essential for pore generation because the oxygen functional groups are pyrolyzed. These findings will provide insightful information for other metal‐based MOF‐derived multifunctional carbons.
Diabetes and treatment of chronic heart failure in a large real‐world heart failure population
Authors: Radhoe Sumant P. , Veenis Jesse F. , Linssen Gerard C.M. , van der Lee Chris , Eurlings Luc W.M. , Kragten Hans , Al‐Windy Nadea Y.Y. , van der Spank Aukje , Koudstaal Stefan , Brunner‐La Rocca Hans‐Peter , Brugts Jasper J.
Published: December 2021

Aims

Although diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common co‐morbidity in chronic heart failure (HF) patients, European data on concurrent HF and DM treatment are lacking. Therefore, we have studied the HF treatment of patients with and without DM. Additionally, with the recent breakthrough of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in the field of HF, we studied the potential impact of this new drug in a large cohort of HF patients.

Methods and results

A total of 7488 patients with chronic HF with a left ventricular ejection fraction <50% from 34 Dutch outpatient HF clinics between 2013 and 2016 were analysed on diabetic status and background HF therapy. Average age of the total population was 72.8 years (±11.7 years), and 64% of the patients were male. Diabetes was present in 29% of the patients (N = 2174). Diabetics had a worse renal function (mean estimated glomerular filtration rate 56 vs. 61 mL/min/1.73 m2, P < 0.001). Renin–angiotensin system inhibitors were less often prescribed in diabetics compared with non‐diabetics (79% vs. 82%, P = 0.001), while no significant differences regarding other guideline‐recommended HF drugs were found. Target doses of beta‐blockers (23% vs. 16%, P < 0.001), renin–angiotensin system inhibitors (47% vs. 43%, P = 0.009), and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (57% vs. 51%, P = 0.005) were more often prescribed in diabetics than non‐diabetics. Based on the latest trials on SGLT2 inhibitors, 31–64% of all HF patients would fulfil the eligibility or enrichment criteria (with vs. without N‐terminal prohormone BNP criterion).

Conclusions

In this large real‐world HF registry, a high prevalence of DM was observed and diabetics more often received guideline‐recommended target doses. Based on current evidence, the majority of patients would fulfil the enrichment criteria of SGLT2 trials in HF and the impact of this new drug class will be large.
Unravelling the Mystery: Enlightenment of the Uncommon Electrochemistry of Naphthalene Monoimide [FeFe] Hydrogenase Mimics
Authors: Benndorf Stefan , Hofmeister Elisabeth , Wächtler Maria , Görls Helmar , Liebing Phil , Peneva Kalina , Gräfe Stefanie , Kupfer Stephan , Dietzek‐Ivanšić Benjamin , Weigand Wolfgang
Published: December 2021

[FeFe] hydrogenase mimicking complexes containing N‐substituted naphthalene monoimide (NMI) of peri‐substituted dichalcogenides as bridging ligands have been prepared and characterized using different spectroscopic as well as by X‐ray diffraction methods. The redox behaviour has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry, IR and UV‐Vis spectroelectrochemistry (IR and UV‐Vis SEC), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and quantum chemical simulations. IR SEC and EPR experiments combined with DFT calculations revealed the non‐innocent character of the NMI bridging ligands. EPR spectroscopy was applied to study the singly and doubly reduced state. Chemical reduction with one equivalent of Cp*2Co revealed the formation of an organic radical with a g‐value of 2.0028 at room temperature. When two equivalents of Cp*2Co were used to carry out the second reduction, no EPR signal could be detected anymore. IR SEC measurements indicate the formation of an EPR‐silent dimeric structure after the second reduction.
The ‘mixed bag’ of segregation—On positive and negative associations with migrants’ acculturation
Authors: Boileau Lucia L. A. , Bless Herbert , Gebauer Jochen E.
Published: December 2021

Many researchers and practitioners consider ethnic segregation in neighbourhoods or schools detrimental to migrants’ acculturation in host societies. Empirically, however, segregation is a 'mixed bag' and its effects depend crucially on the investigated acculturation domain (e.g., negative for language skills, positive for well‐being). As most prior studies have focused on a restricted spectrum of acculturation, a comprehensive assessment within one single study is needed to establish comparability across different acculturation domains. Among over 8000 immigrant‐background students from four countries, we investigated the association of classroom segregation, defined as opportunities for contact with natives and other migrants, with a broad spectrum of acculturation (academic, attitude‐related, identity‐related, social, health‐related, and psychological criteria). Some findings were consistent (e.g., academic acculturation), some were contrary to prior research (e.g., social acculturation). In sum, our results shed light on the 'mixed bag' of segregation and contribute to the understanding of a crucial social issue.
WS2 Nanoflowers as Efficient Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors
Authors: Mohan Visakh V. , Manuraj Mohan , Anjana Padmaja M. , Rakhi Raghavan B.
Published: December 2021

Supercapacitors are considered as the next‐generation energy storage devices due to their unique performance features. Properties such as large surface areas, high theoretical capacitance, and occurrence of efficient redox reactions at their surfaces make 2D WS2 transition metal dichalcogenides propitious constituents in energy storage devices. Herein, the synthesis of WS2 nanoflowers by a facile hydrothermal technique is reported. Free‐standing flexible supecapacitor electrodes are fabricated by the deposition of the WS2 nanoflowers over flexible conducting carbon fabric substrate. The electrochemical performance of the as‐prepared material is evaluated in a symmetric two‐electrode configuration. The WS2 symmetric capacitor delivers a significant specific capacitance of 119 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 current density. The device exhibits outstanding stability and nearly 100% capacitance retention after 10 000 charge–discharge cycles.
Joint energy and flexiramp market equilibrium model for regional‐integrated electricity‐heat systems considering flexibility exploitation of district heating networks
Authors: Wang Xuechun , Chen Hongkun , Chen Lei , Wu Jun , Ding Tong
Published: December 2021

The increasing penetration of renewable energy resources into regional‐integrated energy systems (RIES) holds higher standards on operational flexibility. To alleviate the negative effects of insufficient operational flexibility, this paper proposes a joint market equilibrium model to obtain flexible resources in microgrids (MGs) and district heating networks (DHNs) through economic incentives. Based on the incorporation of the flexiramp (FRP) into the energy markets, a joint market mechanism is first established. Through multi‐energy synergy, the FRP provisions on the supply and demand sides in MGs are then introduced. Considering the flexibility exploitation of DHNs, a collaborative FRP supply method is developed to formulate the optimal bidding strategy for MGs. Moreover, a hierarchical model is designed to achieve joint market equilibrium, where MGs strategically bid in the external layer and the RIES operator optimally clears the market in the internal layer. The combined utilization of the Q‐learning algorithm and path‐tracking interior point method is applied to solve the hierarchical model efficiently. The performance of the proposed approach is verified by case studies. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach for operational flexibility improvement through minimizing renewable energy curtailment, the overall cost, and the average energy prices.
Cobalt on boron‐doped carbon nitride for a novel bifunctional electrocatalyst in zinc‐air batteries
Authors: Yang Zhou , Yang Jingjing , Niu Hongwei , Hui Jia , Chen Hanbing , Xiang Meng
Published: December 2021

Carbon‐based materials have been widely applied in electrochemical field because of good conductivity and low cost. However, the electrochemical performances have been hindered by few active sites in themselves, heteroatom doping is a general method to solve the problem. Herein, boron (B) is doped into the carbon nitride (CN) derived from glucose and melamine by a facile way, and cobalt (Co) is introduced in the B‐doped carbon nitride (BNC) to form Co@BNC nanocomposites. Among the different contents of Co in Co@BNC series, 12%Co@BNC shows the best oxygen reduction reaction properties with half‐wave potential of 0.78 V, good stability and methanol tolerance in alkaline solution. Besides, 12%Co@BNC also shows oxygen evolution reaction voltage of 1.67 V, and good bifunctional electrocatalysis behaviors with ∆E of 0.89 V. This bifunctional electrocatalyst can be applied in zinc‐air batteries for transportation field.
Allianzverträge – Ohne Rechtsstreit durch die Krise
Authors: Deutschmann Daniel
Published: December 2021

Claim‐ and anti‐claim‐management is becoming increasingly important on construction sites. More and more (human) resources from contractor and owner are being invested in projects for this purpose. This is clearly counterproductive for the success of the project, since claim and anti‐claim‐management do not create any added value in the project and the actual target of a construction project is pushed into the background. In this article, the differences between plannable and dynamic‐complex systems are used to show, where classic construction contract models reach their limits and which projects are better implemented with alternative contracts. Based on the Alliance Contract for the successfully completed project „Triebwasserweg Maria Stein”, it is shown why Alliance Contracts are more suitable than classic contract models for dynamic‐complex (risky) large‐scale projects, such as large tunnel projects in difficult geology. By choosing the right contract model for the project, the best project results can be achieved, and legal disputes can be avoided even in crisis situations.
Förbifart, Bypass Stockholm
Authors: Gasser Oliver , Haidenthaller Christoph , Magnusson Robert , Laubreiter Felix
Published: December 2021

The Stockholm bypass (E4 Förbifart Stockholm) is being built by the Swedish Transport Administration (Trafikverket) – the office responsible for transport infrastructure in Sweden. The project aims to improve connections between the regional town centres and reduce congestion on the main urban roads. The route, which runs mainly underground, employs numerous contractors and has a planned construction period of 14 years, preceded by a 10‐year planning phase. This article looks at three projects: the FSE 61 Akalla Interchange, the FSE 309 Lovön Interchange and in particular, the FSE 613 Akalla Tunnel. The Akalla Tunnel is driven as a conventional full‐face excavation with pre‐grouting and supported with rock bolts and steel‐fibre‐reinforced shotcrete. The tunnel excavation is followed by the interior work comprising precast concrete walls, a suspended membrane reinforced with shotcrete, ceiling foundations and the carriageway structure.
Tunnel Swinemünde – Hydroschildeinsatz unter der Ostsee
Authors: Göbl Arthur
Published: December 2021

This paper discusses the concept and the practical experiences of excavating an under‐river crossing with a slurry shield (D = 13.45 m) to construct a single‐tube road tunnel. Unstable sand and gravel as well as harder chalk zones in the invert area combined with high groundwater pressure require the tunnel face to be actively supported at all times. Over long stretches the overburden to the river bed is only around 0.5 D, which means that a delicate balance has to be struck between achieving the minimum support pressure required to stabilise the tunnel face while at the same time preventing blow‐out. An innovative segment sealing system with integrated expanding insert combined with a push‐fit dowel system achieves a high degree of protection from moisture and voids. The evacuation and rescue concept for the single‐tube road tunnel is based on a refuge running under the carriageway. This evacuation channel is accessed via staircases in recesses at the side. Ground freezing is used to stabilise the sand during excavation of the recesses at around 4 bar water pressure.
Überarbeitung der österreichischen Werkvertragsnorm ÖNorm B 2203‐2 für den kontinuierlichen Vortrieb
Authors: Holzer Wolfgang , Wagner Oliver Kai , Leitner Wolfgang
Published: December 2021

Working Group 169.02 has been working on the revision of Austrian standard ÖNorm B 2203‐2 ”Underground Works – Works Contract – Part 2: Continuous Driving“ since mid‐2016. For tunnelling classes, the common goal was to develop a classification methodology with balanced risk allocation which would improve calculability and make billing more transparent. A further focus was to minimise the potential for disputes during project management. To achieve these goals, tunnelling classes are to be classified on the basis of machine operating data.
Context‐dependent transcriptional regulation of microglial proliferation
Authors: Belhocine Sarah , Machado Xavier André , Distéfano‐Gagné Félix , Fiola Stéphanie , Rivest Serge , Gosselin David
Published: December 2021

Microglia proliferate during brain development and brain lesions, but how this is coordinated at the transcriptional level is not well understood. Here, we investigated fundamental aspects of the transcriptional process associated with proliferation of mouse microglia during postnatal development and in adults in a model of induced microglial depletion‐repopulation. While each proliferative subset displayed globally a distinct signature of gene expression, they also co‐expressed a subgroup of 1370 genes at higher levels than quiescent microglia. Expression of these may be coordinated by one of two mechanisms of regulation with distinct properties. A first mechanism augments expression of genes already expressed in quiescent microglia and is subject to regulation by Klf/Sp, Nfy, and Ets transcription factors. Alternatively, a second mechanism enables de novo transcription of cell cycle genes and requires additional regulatory input from Lin54 and E2f transcription factors. Of note, transcriptional upregulation of E2f1 and E2f2 family members may represent a critical regulatory checkpoint to enable microglia to achieve efficient cell cycling. Furthermore, analysis of the activity profile of the repertoire of promoter‐distal genomic regulatory elements suggests a relatively restricted role for these elements in coordinating cell cycle gene expression in microglia. Overall, proliferating microglia integrates regulation of cell cycle gene expression with their broader, context‐dependent, transcriptional landscape.
Non‐stimulated regions in early visual cortex encode the contents of conscious visual perception
Authors: van Kemenade Bianca M. , Wilbertz Gregor , Müller Annalena , Sterzer Philipp
Published: December 2021

Predictions shape our perception. The theory of predictive processing poses that our brains make sense of incoming sensory input by generating predictions, which are sent back from higher to lower levels of the processing hierarchy. These predictions are based on our internal model of the world and enable inferences about the hidden causes of the sensory input data. It has been proposed that conscious perception corresponds to the currently most probable internal model of the world. Accordingly, predictions influencing conscious perception should be fed back from higher to lower levels of the processing hierarchy. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and multivoxel pattern analysis to show that non‐stimulated regions of early visual areas contain information about the conscious perception of an ambiguous visual stimulus. These results indicate that early sensory cortices in the human brain receive predictive feedback signals that reflect the current contents of conscious perception.
The “vestibular neuromatrix”: A proposed, expanded vestibular network from graph theory in post‐concussive vestibular dysfunction
Authors: Smith Jeremy L. , Trofimova Anna , Ahluwalia Vishwadeep , Casado Garrido Jose J. , Hurtado Julia , Frank Rachael , Hodge April , Gore Russell K. , Allen Jason W.
Published: December 2021

Convergent clinical and neuroimaging evidence suggests that higher vestibular function is subserved by a distributed network including visuospatial, cognitive–affective, proprioceptive, and integrative brain regions. Clinical vestibular syndromes may perturb this network, resulting in deficits across a variety of functional domains. Here, we leverage structural and functional neuroimaging to characterize this extended network in healthy control participants and patients with post‐concussive vestibular dysfunction (PCVD). Then, 27 healthy control subjects (15 females) and 18 patients with subacute PCVD (12 female) were selected for participation. Eighty‐two regions of interest (network nodes) were identified based on previous publications, group‐wise differences in BOLD signal amplitude and connectivity, and multivariate pattern analysis on affective tests. Group‐specific “core” networks, as well as a “consensus” network comprised of connections common to all participants, were then generated based on probabilistic tractography and functional connectivity between the 82 nodes and subjected to analyses of node centrality and community structure. Whereas the consensus network was comprised of affective, integrative, and vestibular nodes, PCVD participants exhibited diminished integration and centrality among vestibular and affective nodes and increased centrality of visual, supplementary motor, and frontal and cingulate eye field nodes. Clinical outcomes, derived from dynamic posturography, were associated with approximately 62% of all connections but best predicted by amygdalar, prefrontal, and cingulate connectivity. No group‐wise differences in diffusion metrics or tractography were noted. These findings indicate that cognitive, affective, and proprioceptive substrates contribute to vestibular processing and performance and highlight the need to consider these domains during clinical diagnosis and treatment planning.
The best choice of induction chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Bayesian network meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Ting , Dai Shuang , Zhang Hao , Zhong Xi , Ding Zhenyu , Ma Xuelei
Published: December 2021

The determination of the optimal induction chemotherapy (IC) regimen for patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains controversial. Eligible trials included in this Bayesian network meta‐analysis were judged by synthetically evaluating survival and safety outcomes. The analysis revealed that the combined IC regimen of gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GP) gained not only the most favorable overall survival (OS) benefit but also longer distant metastasis‐free survival and manageable adverse events (AEs). Additionally, combination IC regimen of mitomycin, epirubicin, cisplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin had insufficient significant efficacy on complete response. Docetaxel combined with cisplatin and fluorouracil induction regimen provided the first exact probability of efficacy in term of local recurrence‐free survival, ranking second in OS, but accompanied by the highest rates of grade 3 or above AEs. GP regimen appears to be currently the best choice of IC regimen for combined benefit of patients with locally advanced NPC.
Does the augmentation of monetary and non‐monetary factors prerequisite for the improvement of health outcomes? Evidence from the Indian states
Authors: Das Tiken , Das Diganta
Published: December 2021

The present study was conducted in Indian states to examine the effect of monetary and non‐monetary factors on Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) and Life Expectancy at Birth (LEB) by using the panel regression model. In addition, an attempt was also made to analysis the unequal pattern of health infrastructure and services across states over time with the help of a composite index on health infrastructure and services. It was found that the index value of the best performing state Chhattisgarh is more than fourth six times that of the worst performing state. The study also showed that, despite the higher level of average per capita public health expenditure and moderately better health infrastructure, the COVID 19 induced death rate was high in Punjab, Sikkim, Delhi and Goa. The panel regression results revealed that, an average increase of 1% in the monetary factor, public health expenditure to Gross State Domestic Product ratio (PHEGSDPR), would decrease the average of IMR by about 10%. Moreover, the elasticity of IMR with respect to non‐monetary factor, health infrastructure and services per 0.1 million population (HISPLP), was negative and significant. Likewise, the explanatory variables, HISPLP and PHEGSDPR have a positive and significant effect on the LEB.
Impact of precipitous labor on the onset of transient tachypnea in vaginal deliveries at term
Authors: Jegard Claire , Korb Diane , Rideau Aline , Sibony Olivier
Published: December 2021

Objective

The objective of the present research was to study the association between precipitous labor (less than 3 h) and the onset of transient tachypnea in singleton fetuses in cephalic presentation with term vaginal deliveries.

Methods

This cohort study included women delivered from 2013 through 2017 in our French tertiary university hospital maternity unit. Inclusion criteria were vaginal delivery of liveborn singleton fetus in cephalic presentation and at term. We compared women with precipitous labor and those with longer labor. The principal endpoint was the rate of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN). We investigated risk factors for TTN besides duration of labor.

Results

Comparison of 2644 women with precipitous labor and 7571 with longer labor showed a lower TTN rate in the precipitous labor group (1.6 vs 2.7%; P = 0.003). The association was no longer significant after adjustment for the risk factors identified in the univariate analysis (adjusted OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.64–1.54). Risk factors identified for TTN were non‐clear amniotic fluid, shoulder dystocia, umbilical cord encirclement, birth weight less than 2500 g, use of cervical ripening and operative vaginal delivery.

Conclusion

Precipitous labor, lasting less than 3 h, is not associated with a higher risk of transient tachypnea in term newborns after vaginal delivery.
Wellbeing among Black American adults living in low‐resourced communities
Authors: Alagaraja Meera , Hooper Lisa M.
Published: December 2021

Very little is known about how Black Americans living in low‐resourced communities define and maintain wellbeing. Utilizing a culturally tailored research design, we explored the phenomenon of wellbeing as it resonated with the lived experiences of our informants (N = 35). Using a thematic analysis, we found that existing conceptualizations and theorizing of wellbeing did not consistently emerge from our data. First, we noted paradoxical tensions between descriptions of wellbeing as indicated by the participants (e.g., being alive and having a pain‐free life) and the Western, Eurocentric views evidenced in the wellbeing literature. Second, participants identified intergenerational family ties and community networks as ways that foster wellbeing. These findings suggest that we can no longer delimit and apply existing views in theorizing and measuring wellbeing. Our findings elucidated the mindsets, relationships, activities, and practices that define and foster wellbeing among Black Americans living in low‐resourced communities.
Factors associated with recovery from homelessness among veterans in permanent supportive housing
Authors: Gabrielian Sonya , Koosis Ella R. , Cohenmehr Jennifer , Hellemann Gerhard , Tuepker Anaïs , Green Michael F. , Vazzano Jesse K. , Young Alexander S.
Published: December 2021

Aims

We sought to identify person‐ and program‐level factors distinguishing permanent supportive housing (PSH) residents with higher versus lower social integration; and higher versus lower instrumental functioning.

Methods

Among 60 PSH residents at Los Angeles' VA, surveys and medical records captured person‐level factors. Using a median split, we dichotomized participants with higher versus lower social integration; and higher versus lower instrumental functioning. Recursive partitioning (RP) identified variables that best‐differentiated these subgroups. Interviews with 26 participants captured their perceptions on social integration and instrumental functioning.

Results

Using RP, health‐related quality of life, psychiatric symptoms and case management frequency best‐differentiated the social integration subgroups. Few perceived that PSH affected social integration. RP did not yield a stable model to differentiate the instrumental functioning subgroups; participants perceived that PSH addressed most functional deficits.

Conclusions

Services that enhance social integration may benefit PSH residents with poor health; existing services may adequately address instrumental functioning.
Aligning personal and collective interests in emerging adults during the COVID‐19 emergency in Italy
Authors: Ingoglia Sonia , Musso Pasquale , Inguglia Cristiano , Barrett Martyn , Tenenbaum Harriet , Cassibba Rosalinda , Albiero Paolo , Bartolo Maria G. , Burns Bethany , Canale Rossella , Costabile Angela , Elia Giuseppe , Liga Francesca , Palermiti Annalisa , Pichardo Maria C. , Servidio Rocco C. , Verrastro Valeria , Wiium Nora , Lo Coco Alida
Published: December 2021

This study investigated the relations of emerging adults' personal (civic competence and interdependent self‐construal) and community‐based (sense of community and civic engagement) resources as predictors of appraisal of COVID‐19 Public Health Emergency Management (PHEM) and attitudes toward preventing contagion in Italy. Participants were 2873 Italian emerging adults (71% females) aged 19–30 years (M = 22.67, SD = 2.82). Structural equation modeling revealed both direct and indirect positive associations among study variables. Civic competence and interdependent self‐construal were related to sense of community and civic engagement behavior which, in turn, predicted appraisal of PHEM. Appraisal of PHEM in turn predicted attitudes toward preventing contagion. Overall, findings highlight the importance of examining the alignment between personal and collective interests to understand emerging adults' evaluative and attitudinal experiences during a period of crisis, such as that created by COVID‐19.