bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’affixe, la racine, et la linguistique analytique
Authors: Jacquesson François
Published: June 2018

Les termes de ‘racine’, ‘affixe’, puis ‘suffixe’ et ‘préfixe’ n’appartiennent pas au matériel lexical créé pendant l’Antiquité, mais comme celui de ‘scheva’ ou ‘shewa’, résultent de la découverte de la grammaire hébraïque par les grammairiens de langue latine, à la Renaissance. Ces mots nouveaux, dont on examine ici la naissance et le développement, nous semblent caractéristiques d’un nouveau type d’approche des langues. Pour la première fois, les grammairiens de langue latine sont confrontés à une tradition étrangère, vivante et prestigieuse. La tradition grammaticale hébraïque, qu’ils découvrent, leur fournit aussi un champ de réflexion et des outils d’analyse. De cette rencontre avec une langue et avec sa tradition critique, qui offre vaste matière à comparaisons, vont sortir des termes nouveaux et une perspective renouvelée sur l’analyse morphologique des langues.
Environmental impact of intensive farming in sloping areas
Authors: Bosco Giovanni , Simeoni Lucia
Published: June 2018

The increased demand for food causes intensive farming with high yield production and large water consumption to extend significantly. Depending on soil properties, seasonal rainfall, surface drainage and water resources, hence the consumption-infiltration balance, the ground water table might be raised or depleted; soils could be saturated or remain partly saturated with negative pore pressures. As a result sloping grounds may become prone to shallow slides, as mudflows, or deep seated movements, involving large volumes of soil, especially after rupture of major watering lines or after long uncontrolled irrigations. Within this framework the paper investigates the possible effects of replacing grassland with intensive apple farming on the stability conditions of slopes. Apples require frequent watering, especially during spring and summer to meet qualitative and quantitative productive standards. Also, sprinkler irrigation is often used to protect against hail. From the precipitation, irrigation, runoff, evaporation and plant transpiration balance, the evolution of the pore water pressure distribution within an average year is calculated. Then the modified shear strength of the unsaturated-saturated soils is determined and the factor of safety against sliding is calculated.
Methodology for the quantification of concrete sustainability
Authors: Teplý Břetislav , Vymazal Tomáš , Rovnaníková Pavla
Published: June 2018

Efficient sustainability management requires the use of tools which allow material, technological and construction variants to be quantified, measured or compared. These tools can be used as a powerful marketing aid and as support for the transition to “circular economy”. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) procedures are also used, aside from other approaches. LCA is a method that evaluates the life cycle of a structure from the point of view of its impact on the environment. Consideration is given also to energy and raw material costs, as well as to environmental impact throughout the life cycle - e.g. due to emissions. The paper focuses on the quantification of sustainability connected with the use of various types of concrete with regard to their resistance to degradation. Sustainability coefficients are determined using information regarding service life and "eco-costs". The aim is to propose a suitable methodology which can simplify decision-making in the design and choice of concrete mixes from a wider perspective, i.e. not only with regard to load-bearing capacity or durability.
Application of inverse methodology to estimation of chloride diffusion coefficient in concrete of prestressed precast slab
Authors: Szweda Zofia , Buliński Zbigniew
Published: June 2018

Work presents an investigation of chloride penetration of HC-500 prestressed concrete slabs made of precast concrete. This type of concrete slabs is widely used to construct floors in steel or reinforced concrete framing buildings. In such solutions ceiling can be considered as a simple-supported beam. Considered precast concrete was made of C50/C60 concrete with use of Portland cement CEM II 52.5 R. Investigated specimens were sampled directly from the upper part of prestressed concrete slabs. The process of chloride penetration in concrete can be described by the non-linear diffusion equation. In the paper Bayesian inverse technique was applied to estimate diffusion coefficient of chloride in concrete treated as a saturated porous material. Unknown distribution of estimated parameters was sampled with use of Metropolis-Hastings algorithm which allowed us to obtain unknown values and their error bounds. Obtained values of diffusion coefficient were confronted against values obtained with use of norms: NT BUILD 443 and ASTM C 1556 - 03 and against previously developed methodology based on the analytical solution of the diffusion equation.
Evaluation of changes in thermodiffusion properties of mineral wool resulting from treatment with water and re-drying
Authors: Perkowski Zbigniew , Grygorowicz Maciej , Jeż Kamil
Published: June 2018

The work presents the formulation of inverse problem that allows to estimate the basic parameters describing coupled thermodiffusion of moisture in porous fibrous material and construction of the measuring stand in order to obtain the necessary data to carry out calculations for this purpose. This approach was used to evaluate the changes in the thermodiffusion properties of stone wool samples for the indoor applications that were treated with water and re-dried. In the mathematical model, one introduced a simplification that coupling in the thermodiffusion process is unilateral and includes only the influence of heat transport on moisture transport.
Case study of negative impact of concave coal basin on long ribbon building development
Authors: Parkasiewicz Beata , Kawulok Marian
Published: June 2018

The development analysed in this article was under the effects of mining activity in 2012-2016, most importantly in the area of influence of the mining basin. As a result of the mining activity, the terrain became considerably deformed and sloped. Effects on the buildings' condition consisted in tilt of the segments, measuring between 10-25 mm/m. The units also moved in relation to each other at the movement joints, and their structure suffered heavy damage, mostly in the form of cracks and chips on the walls. For ribbon buildings, i.e. buildings which may be divided with movement joints and which may form long rows, specific locations on top of a mining basin may lead to endangering the safety of structures and their users, even in newly constructed buildings.
Impact of chimney on low emission
Authors: Drożdżol Krzysztof , Jarzyński Paweł
Published: June 2018

The air pollution caused by operation of heating devices using solid fuels is a significant problem in Poland and neighbour countries. The pollution level is so high, that some voivodships impose anti-smog acts, banning the use of heating devices which do not meet requirements of the 5th class according to EN 303-5. By 2023 the ban is going to be imposed nationwide. In order to improve the air quality, heating devices' producers take constant measures to improve their products. It is recently expected that those devices meet the strict 5th class emission requirements, as well as other directives' requirements, including the Ecodesign Directive 2009/125/EC. However, the emission results achieved during initial test of heating devices in laboratory may be much worse during operation in real operating conditions. The research included tests proving that the chimney system applied to a heating device might influence the emission of particles exhausted with the smoke. The tests have been performed in real-life conditions, on a test rig that was prepared for this purpose. The research has proved that emission values of heating devices will change, chimney system applied.
Contemporary built environment in the context of evolution of energy-efficient solutions in architecture
Authors: Wehle-Strzelecka Stanisława
Published: June 2018

The article is concerned with the subject of energy consumption in construction; it also discusses problems related to creation of sustainable built environment and its links to the natural environment, with special emphasis placed on its links to climate. Selected contemporary European development directions and trends in solutions using solar energy in buildings have been discussed in the paper, as well as various projects, concepts and realisations, mostly related to residential development. The collected examples present the experiences of previous eras as well as their continuation contemporary realisations based on the possibilities of using innovative technologies in architecture within the framework of actions undertaken in European countries. They are to be found in various scales referring to whole districts, housing estates and housing complexes as well as individual buildings. They refer both to new development and to transformations of the existing infrastructure in the process of its restoration.
The role of sustainable construction in sustainable development
Authors: Czajkowska Agnieszka
Published: June 2018

Humans and the actions they take to improve their quality of life lead to the disturbance of the processes occurring in the natural environment. These processes should not be stopped while the solution should be found to help humans coexist with nature. The ecological and social problems and the resulting threats have become an inspiration for the development of the concept of sustainable development. Sustainable development has led to the necessity to implement changes towards balancing all areas of human activity, including the construction sector. Factors affecting sustainable development are present in many phases of building creation and use. The most important of them have been characterized and discussed. The article describes the main requirements for sustainable development, contained in laws and regulations, at every stage of building construction. Furthermore, the study analysed the share of individual sectors of the economy in consumption of energy resources. The focus was on the consumption of raw materials in the sector of industry and construction and the sector of households. The analysis shows that the industry and construction sector has a large share in hard coal consumption, heat and electricity. The hard coal consumption is increasing in the sector of households.
Optimization of building design process by using energy simulation tools
Authors: Ziembicki Piotr
Published: June 2018

Requirements concerning energy efficiency of buildings, as well as the emission of energy sources working for their needs, are constantly growing. It is related to the Polish law, as well as European Union directives. It is obvious that in the coming years, further regulations and directives will impose additional requirements in this area. Therefore, the requirements for the operation of buildings and process of their designing are changing already today. In the past, the design process, in particular in the aspect of energy consumption, was based primarily on the procedures of static analysis of the building's structure (partitions, glazing, etc.). A typical calculation of a building heat demand did not take into account other aspects of the building's operation, such as user behaviour, heat gains or thermal accumulation of the building. Therefore, in modern designing, it is extremely important to use advanced computer techniques to develop a detailed balance of energy, which takes into account all its useful forms, including heat and electricity. Only such a comprehensive approach will render it possible to achieve the energy efficiency indicators required by law, as well as an economically efficient operation of the building, with a minimal bad influence on the environment. In general, the manuscript presents methods of comprehensive computer energy simulation of buildings, which can be used for optimal designing of buildings for any purpose. The article also presents an overview of available computer tools, which are recommended for the building design process. There are also some examples of using a simulation software for the analysis of residential buildings, along with the analysis of the results of energy simulations carried out with its help.
Planning the optimal solution for wastewater management in rural areas - case study
Authors: Boguniewicz-Zablocka Joanna , Klosok-Bazan Iwona , Capodaglio Andrea G. , Ploskonka Joanna
Published: June 2018

Water management and associated wastewater management is an inseparable element of life and development of modern societies. Collection and treatment of wastewater has a significant impact on the environment and economy, both at the local and global level. It is therefore necessary to proceed to activities that ensure proper wastewater management, especially in rural and low-density areas, where it is necessary to search for optimal solutions with regard to sewage systems, including wastewater treatment plants. One of the solution for wastewater treatment from houses without access to sewerage collection system is the construction of on-site wastewater treatment plants. Construction of on-site wastewater treatment plant poses a number of challenges for municipalities and potential investors and has been discussed by many. Aim of this paper is to draw the current status and perspectives of on-site wastewater treatment systems in Poland, with focus on selected case study from rural areas. The paper presents a way to solve the problem of wastewater management in the municipality of Pietrowice Wielkie using local biological wastewater treatment plants. The article presents technological, technical and economical aspects of the above-mentioned solutions and analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the system proposed by the municipality.
Spatial and economic conditions of the solar energy use in single-family houses - a case study
Authors: Kolendo Łukasz , Krawczyk Dorota Anna
Published: June 2018

The provisions in the European and Polish law oblige to increase the use of energy obtained from renewable energy sources. In order to meet these demands, it is necessary to take into account the singlefamily housing sector that has a significant energy potential. Among the unconventional heat sources that have gained the highest popularity, it is worthy to note installations using solar energy for instance to prepare DHW (domestic hot water) or be used in buildings’ heating. It is also worth mentioning that this type of technical solutions can be successfully used as well in new as modernized old residential buildings. Our paper discusses the problems associated with planning of solar installations with flat and vacuum solar collectors mounted on the roofs of the single-family buildings. During the analysis we used GIS&T technology, multi-criteria decision support as well as detailed spatial data obtained by modern remote sensing techniques including airborne laser scanning. The proposed methodology and tools were used on the example of the selected part of a single-family housing estate located in Bialystok. The research focused on issues of the multi-criteria assessment of the assembly of use of roofs for solar collectors, including data on a solar potential, exposure, slope, surface and roofs’ shape. Additionally, we took into account roof zones on being in a shadow caused by roof elements, roof infrastructure and high vegetation. Based on the simulation results we analyzed possibility of plate and tube solar collectors’ application that would provide warm water for 1-4 habitants of houses. The results of our research showed high utility of the proposed methods in the field of spatial and economic assessment of the use of solar collectors in the single-family housing sector.
Effect of sulphate corrosion on the durability of air-entrained cement mortars
Authors: Knap Monika , Piasta Wojciech
Published: June 2018

Sulphate corrosion is a complex sequence of chemical and physical processes that, when the aqueous sulphate solutions are exposed for a sufficiently long time, irreversibly destroys the microstructure of cement paste. In order to determine the durability of Portland cement mortars, mortar resistance tests were carried out on a 5% solution of sodium sulphate by measuring linear deformations. The tests included 1 series of non air-entrained mortars and 3 series of air-entrained mortars with air content: 7%, 10% and 13%. The biggest deformations were observed for non air-entrained samples, the smallest for mortar with an air content of 13%. Compressive strength tests of mortars after 28 days and 80 weeks of residence in a solution of sodium sulphate were also carried out. For all mortars, the strength measured after 80 weeks immersion in Na2SO4 increased in relation to the strength after 28 days of maturation. Observations of the cement mortar microstructure using a scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS) showed that ettringite was present in both the C-S-H structure and the air pores. By means of XRD analysis, the occurrence of crystalline materials was detected. Based on the research, it was found that air-entrained cement mortars showed greater durability in the context of sulphate corrosion.
Changing the method of compaction of autoclaved building materials modified by diabase and barite aggregate.
Authors: Komisarczyk Katarzyna , Stępień Anna , Dachowski Ryszard
Published: June 2018

The traditional way of producing sand-lime products is connected with the use of three basic raw materials i.e. quartz sand of natural origin, water and quicklime ground lime. During hydrothermal treatment in an autoclave, chemical reactions take place between the calcium and silicon ions. As a result of these reactions, the products are created that provide advantageous appropriable traits. In order to improve the durability attributes of the discussed products, diabase and barite aggregate was introduced into the raw material mass. In addition, the change in the densification method of the silicate mixture was applied. Layering was replaced instead of traditional pressing. The article describes sand-lime products modified with diabase and barite aggregate in an amount up to 15% by weight. Two methods of thickening the sand-lime mixture were used: pressing and layering. The change of the applied technology significantly influences, among others for water absorption. The best result was obtained using 5% and 10% modifiers. Modification with 5% content of diabase aggregate and 5% content of barite aggregate increases the strength by over 60% in relation to the reference sample. The obtained properties are reflected in the image of the microstructure examined by means of the scanning electron microscope. In the sand- lime products, both traditional and modified with diabase and barite aggregates, the C-S-H phase and tobermorite is present. These phases are characteristic for autoclaved products, although depending on the method of thickening occur in varying degrees and intensities.
Investigation of mechanical properties of limesand brick under dynamic loading
Authors: Bragov Anatoliy , Lomunov Andrey , Konstantinov Alexander , Lamzin Dmitriy , Kruszka Leopold
Published: June 2018

The results of experimental study of mechanical properties of samples of lime-sand brick under dynamic loading are presented. The tests were carried out using the traditional Kolsky method and its modification - dynamic splitting (the so-called «Brazilian test»). The laws of change in strength, strain, time properties and energy intensity of the investigated material are established in the strain rate range of 5·102-2.5·103 s-1 under compression and in the stress rate range of 2·101-3·102 GPa/s under tension.
Fracture toughness of RC beams with different shear span
Authors: Vegera Pavlo , Vashkevych Rostyslav , Blikharskyy Zinoviy
Published: June 2018

This article presents the results of experimental investigation of reinforced concrete beams without transverse reinforcement on the shear. In researching, the variable parameter was relative span to effective depth ratio, which acquired the values a/d=2, 1.5, 1. The testing program involves testing of each beams samples twice. Beams were tested by the static loading of applied force at two points. Experimental results have shown the difference between the experiments of twin beams above 5 - 9%. The obtained results indicate an increase of the bearing capacity with a decrease of relative span to the effective depth ratio. The first inclined crack disclosed in mid-height cross section, at the load 50 kN at an angle equal to 45°. With increasing loading, the width of crack increased and the crack propagation occurred to the top surface of the testing sample. On occurrence of limit width of crack wmax=0.4 mm, another crack was opened in the direction from the loading point to the edge of beam support. The limit values of the crack opening width are fixed at 71 - 84% of the load carrying capacity of the samples. The effect of increasing the shear strength, according to the serviceability, is similar to the increasing of the bearing capacity and close by the value.
Use of the Kolsky method for dynamic tests of brittle media
Authors: Bragov Anatoliy , Igumnov Leonid , Lomunov Andrey , Konstantinov Alexander , Lamzin Dmitriy , Kruszka Leopold
Published: June 2018

The dynamic test techniques used to obtain the mechanical properties of brittle materials are described. The techniques are based on the fundamental Kolsky method using the Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar. Dynamic tests are characterized by high intensity and short duration and the influence of inertia on their results should be ruled out which is especially important for brittle media. The prerequisites and assumptions presented methods are described to justify the validity of the obtained data. The methods allow to obtain dynamic deformation diagrams at compression, splitting, indirect tension, shear and triaxial stress state and also to determine the ultimate strength, strain and time properties of brittle materials. The techniques are approved in the tests of ceramic bricks, finegrain concrete and fiber-reinforced concrete.
Modelling and verification of bridge behaviour
Authors: Bujnak Jan , Bujnakova Petra , Jedraszak Bronisław
Published: June 2018

Obviously several simplifying assumptions are used in a multitude of analytical methods available to structural analysts. Loading tests are habitually necessary, especially in the case of bridge superstructures of unusual conception, with the main purpose to verify calculation model and assumptions of bridge designer as well as suitability of transformation model. To satisfy all required code criteria still more sophisticated analyses are needed. In order to assure the safety under construction of significant bridges, monitoring is also executed to measure and analyse in site data. Also information significant for long term behaviour of structures is being collected. Especially material properties are controlled, rheological effects checked and straining variation recorded. In the paper, quite uncommon bridge superstructures are presented. The computer modelling is discussed and experimental assessment given.
Building diagnostics versus effectiveness of repairs
Authors: Stawiski Bohdan , Kania Tomasz
Published: June 2018

Building diagnostics before renovation is an important stage in the process of designing and making future repairs and modernization of buildings. Performed hastily, without careful analysis, it may be the cause of wrong decisions about the method of repair. The experience of the person performing the tests usually has an impact on the identification of existing hazards. The article presents an example of the effects of cursory execution of diagnostics on a multi-family residential building. The building was inspected, as it turned out later not precisely, and the causes of damage were wrongly identified. As a result of a cursory diagnosis, works were designed and carried out, which instead of eliminating structural defects have increased them. The causes of errors have been found at the stage of identifying failure, recommendations and repair of a cavity curtain wall. In the summary it was emphasized, that expert experience gained on many examples of differently damaged buildings, under the supervision of a person with experience is necessary for theoretical knowledge to be verified, and the reports were prepared without any faults.
Renovation of the historic building after damage connected with foundations subsidence - case study
Authors: Ukleja Janusz
Published: June 2018

The paper delineates the study of a historic building renovation. It was built in 1900 and completed in 1939. Its both parts consist of different constructions. The old part was founded very deeply whereas the level of the younger part foundations was higher than the old one. After large floods, the walls started to crack, elements of the ceilings and roof under the extended part of the building slipped. It was expected that in the future a construction disaster would pose a serious probability of occurrence. In the study it was necessary to recognize the entire construction with a thorough investigation of the underground, old part of it and also the soil types density were examined. The main objective of the new research was to define the real reasons of the damage and to determine the possibility of repairing this building. The elaboration of the study results revealed a conception of supporting the walls of the building. The results indicated that the need to verify the reasons of the occurring damage in a complex and thorough way is tremendous, especially when a monument is concerned which was developed in stages in various historical periods.
Analysis of retaining wall stability in areas specified in register of objects of cultural heritage
Authors: Chmielewski Ryszard
Published: June 2018

The case study of the assurance of retaining wall stability in densely urbanized conservation and cultural heritage areas are described in this paper. During The Second World War many of these historic buildings in Warsaw were completely or partially destroyed and until these days their remains constitute elements of the existing building development of the capital of Poland. This may be connected with a change in the nature of applied loads as well as current functions of these buildings. The results of expert opinions and investigations are presented, regarding the operational and technical state of two retaining walls submitted to an expert before the repair works. When designing the design concept, both the historic character of structures, the technical feasibility of performing construction works in the densely urbanized area, as well as determined water and ground conditions were considered. The first of the analysed cases concerns the retaining wall localised in the vicinity of the Ordynacka Street and the Tamka street. After analysing the historical aerial photographs, it was found that the retaining wall constitutes an underground part of the apartment house destroyed during the warfare. The second case study refers to Warsaw Old Town - the retaining wall ensuring the stability of the Vistula escarpment along Brzozowa Street in Warsaw.
Assessment of the load capacity of the anchorage system connecting the textured layer with the structural wall of large slab buildings in the lights of experimental research and FEM analysis
Authors: Szlendak Jerzy K. , Jablonska-Krysiewicz Agnieszka , Tomaszewicz Dariusz
Published: June 2018

The goal of the article is to compare the results obtained from experimental tests of a new type of anchoring, connecting the texture layer with the structural layer in external wall elements, used in large-panel construction with the results from FEM analysis. Two types of samples were subjected to experimental tests: single-layer uniform concrete and three-layer concrete with embedded point anchors and analogous samples with glued anchors. The test elements used C 12/15 and C 30/37 concrete, 12 mm diameter anchors, made of steel corresponding to the grade of stainless steel screws class 5.8, Sika Anchorfix-1 resin and XPS polystyrene. As for the three-layer samples, when testing, two forces were applied: tearing and shearing due to the detachment of the textured layer. The ANSYS program was used for numerical modelling of the analyzed samples. 3D models were built in which solid elements were used. For steel anchors, the material characteristics were taken as a two-line elasticplastic reinforcement. The Drucker-Prager model was used in the concrete elements, the linear-elastic model was adopted for the resin, and the brittle model according to the linear-elastic fracture mechanics for the polystyrene.
Assessment of technical condition of historic Penny Bridge in Opole in the context of its restoration
Authors: Jakiel Przemysław , Bajno Dariusz
Published: June 2018

Penny Bridge constructed at the beginning of the 20th century is an important element of Opole city landscape. This footbridge located within Mozart Street upon Młynówka canal is of a particularly decorative character and displays a series of interesting ornaments made both of steel and stone. Its truss girders have a non-typical structure, where bottom chords are horizontal and the upper ones curved and suspended to an additional parabolic tension member (chord). The footbridge, excluding the deck, has remained almost unchanged until the present day, serving the inhabitants of the city for over 100 years. The last renovation of the structure was performed nearly 25 years ago and its steel structure has suffered certain degradation, mainly as far as the layers of paint and losses due to corrosion. In connection with the aforementioned, the footbridge should undergo urgent restoration. Characteristics of the bridge along with its historical background, concentrating mainly on the results of inspections of the structure in the context of assessing its technical condition, has been presented in the paper. Also, selected results of the analysis of bearing capacity of the girder and the proposed scope of restoration work including the requirements of conservation were given.
Legal bases and economic conditions of applying renewable energy resources in construction industry
Authors: Ramczyk Marek
Published: June 2018

European Union, including Poland, has not yet introduced full and complex legal regulations exclusively regarding energy-efficient construction. However, legal regulations do define the possibility of using renewable energy resources in the construction industry. In this article you can find a detailed overview of legal regulations concerning the bases of using renewable energy resources in the construction industry. They involve investors, designers and contractors. The article also indicates economic instruments supporting the energy-efficient construction in Poland.
Classification of Polish voivodeships with regards to the accident rate in the construction industry
Authors: Nowobilski Tomasz , Bagińska Irena , Gawron Krzysztof
Published: June 2018

The article classifies Polish voivodeships into appropriate groups with a similar level of occupational safety in the construction industry. The basis for the adopted classification was statistical data published by the Central Statistical Office regarding population, employment in the construction industry, the value of construction production and the number of occupational accidents. The conducted research allowed a logical and correct, in terms of content, division of the Polish territory to be made, taking into account the aspect of occupational safety in the construction industry. Statistica software and cluster analysis were used to solve the problem.
Bicriteria problem of discrete optimization in planning a multiunit construction project
Authors: Podolski Michał
Published: June 2018

The paper describes the bicriteria discrete optimization problem, that may occur during the scheduling of multiunit construction projects. The multiunit project involves the construction of many civil structures with the same sets of activities needed, but different in size. In the project the deadlines of activities in units are adopted. The missing of them by the contractor causes the payment of the disincentive penalty. The early completion of the activities in units is rewarded extra income for the construction contractor i.e. a incentive bonus. Changing the order of the execution of the units changes the value of the objective functions: the duration of the project and the cost (the sum of the disincentive penalties and incentive bonuses). The proposed model of the project is the bicriteria NP-hard flow shop problem with constraints characteristic for construction projects. The paper presents the method of determining the set of Paretooptimal solutions for small projects. The computational example of the model of the project is also included in the paper.
Structural Engineering by way of BIM
Authors: Baran Wiesław , Żymańczyk Bartosz
Published: June 2018

BIM idea is increasing the productivity of work. Multidimensional solutions implemented in BIM systems not only allow many structural calculations, but also access the better scheduling, cost estimating, visualizations. In some cases both software and hardware can be a bottleneck. To create an interaction between BIM philosophy and practice of the structural design the experimental research has tested eight structural systems of the high-rise building by way of Building Information Modelling. Multiple variants of the two main bracing system types: (i) a spatial truss and (ii) a spatial shell bracing system. In every model there was checked influence of slab model: with slabs meeting the conditions of a rigid plate (flexible diaphragm slab) and with slabs with no additional stiffening (shell slab). The ULS and SLS requirements were analysed for elements and superstructure. In addition, selected issues concerning scheduling of works (4D BIM) and cost estimating (5D BIM) were discussed with the extensive 3D model developed in line with the BIM standards. Rapid prototyping has enabled to realize the behaviour of structural systems. The outputs of this study are presented in the paper.
Influence of static long-term loads and cyclic freezing/thawing on the behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with BFRP and HFRP bars
Authors: Kosior-Kazberuk Marta , Wasilczyk Rafał
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this study was to define the influence of static longterm loads and cyclic freezing/thawing on the deflections and cracking of concrete beams with non-metallic reinforcement. The rods made of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) and hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (HFRP) were used as non-metallic reinforcement. Four series of single span beams were loaded with a single static force in a three-point bending test, then specimens were subjected to 150 freezing/thawing cycles in a large-size climatic chamber. The experimental test results were compared to those obtained from prior carried out short-term tests and theoretical calculations based on ACI 440:1R-06 standard concerning concrete element with non-metallic reinforcement.
Technical and economic issues of reconfiguration of a coal-fired district heating source
Authors: Tańczuk Mariusz , Olszewski Eligiusz , Goluzda Alfred
Published: June 2018

District heating technologies should comply with forthcoming strict regulations on emissions and energy effectiveness. The majority of the communal district heating systems in Poland still produce heat in coalfired boilers that are in many cases worn out and operated with low efficiency, which particularly occurs during off-season time. The paper deals with possible solutions for improving efficiency of coal-fires heat generating plants due to its reconfiguration by applying new heat generating facilities or new fuels - alternative to coal. The work concerns repowering the existing conventional heat generating plant according to chosen scenarios of the plant configuration meeting technical and environmental requirements forecasted for the year of 2035. The maximum demand for heat of the system supplied by the plant is 185 MW. Annual load of the particular units in analyzed plant, including cogeneration facility based on IC-engines and gas or steam turbines have been projected and interfacing of the units has been analyzed and discussed. Taking into account different technical configurations on one side, and different energy and fuel prices on the other side, the comparative cost-benefits analysis of the assumed scenarios has also been made.
Research of RC columns strengthened by carbon FRP under loading
Authors: Blikharskyy Yaroslav , Khmil Roman , Blikharskyy Zinoviy
Published: June 2018

The usage of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) are described as modern methods of strengthening for reinforced concrete constructions. The advantage of these materials are the great corrosion resistance to environmental factors, high stiffness and strength and weight in comparison with other materials. The disadvantage of relatively high cost is offset by the cost reduction and labor when performing work on strengthening, by decreasing of performance time, by lack of needs to use the expensive equipment, installed and used without unloading the structures. This paper presents experimental results of 6 reinforce concrete columns strengthened by CFRP strips Sika Carbodur S512 with 50 mm width. The comparative analysis was carried out and strengthened effectiveness was determined for 2 unstrengthen control specimens, 2 specimens strengthened without initial load and 2 specimens strengthened at 1/2 of experimentally determined destructive efforts of the unstrengthen column.
Réacteurs à neutrons rapides sodium : vers une acceleration du programme chinois ?
Authors: Guidez Joel , Lasou Sabine
Published: June 2018

La Chine a affirmé à plusieurs reprises son ambition de fermer le cycle nucléaire. Dans cette optique, d’importants efforts de recherche ont été engagés pour le développement de réacteurs à neutrons rapides (RNR), lesquels pourraient faire partie du mix chinois d’ici 2050.

La Chine accélère son programme de RNR sodium. Un démonstrateur (CFR-600) est actuellement en construction pour un démarrage prévu en 2023. Selon la CNNC, plus grande entreprise publique de l’industrie nucléaire du pays, 5 prototypes industriels (CFR-600) pourraient être construits pour 2030, suivis du projet commercial (CFR-1000).
EUHFORIA: European heliospheric forecasting information asset
Authors: Pomoell Jens , Poedts S.
Published: June 2018

The implementation and first results of the new space weather forecasting-targeted inner heliosphere model “European heliospheric forecasting information asset” (EUHFORIA) are presented. EUHFORIA consists of two major components: a coronal model and a heliosphere model including coronal mass ejections. The coronal model provides data-driven solar wind plasma parameters at 0.1 AU by constructing a magnetic field model of the coronal large-scale magnetic field and employing empirical relations to determine the plasma state such as the solar wind speed and mass density. These are then used as boundary conditions to drive a three-dimensional time-dependent magnetohydrodynamics model of the inner heliosphere up to 2 AU. CMEs are injected into the ambient solar wind modeled using the cone model, with their parameters obtained from fits to imaging observations. In addition to detailing the modeling methodology, an initial validation run is presented. The results feature a highly dynamic heliosphere that the model is able to capture in good agreement with in situ observations. Finally, future horizons for the model are outlined.
Verbesserte Früherkennung und Versorgung tragen Früchte
Authors: Schikora Stephanie
Published: June 2018

Eine verbesserte Früherkennung und bessere Behandlungsoptionen für Augenerkrankungen sowie die Verbesserung der Versorgung bei diabetischer Neuropathie hat sich ausgezahlt: Zwischen 2008 und 2012 hat sich die Rate der Neuerblindungen bei Menschen mit Diabetes in Baden-Württemberg annähernd halbiert.
Schmerzen erfolgreich behandeln mit Myoreflextherapie
Authors: Mosetter Kurt
Published: June 2018

Bei der Myoreflextherapie geht es um die unmittelbare Lösung der zu hohen Grundspannung im Muskel/Muskelsystem und damit um die Entlastung von Gelenken und Weichteilstrukturen.

In erster Linie werden Muskelansätze in funktionellen Zusammenhängen und kinetischen Ketten behandelt. Berührungsreize werden dort verstärkt wahrgenommen, bereits eine leichte Druckerhöhung kann zu Schmerzen mit Ausstrahlungen an entfernten Stellen führen. Bei der Palpation finden sich häufig schmerzhafte Verhärtungen, Myogelosen und bindegewebige Aufquellungen. An den entsprechenden Muskeln ist ein Hypertonus festzustellen. Nach Druckpunktstimulation lösen sich die tastbaren Veränderungen nach einer gewissen Zeit auf. Über einen allmählichen manuellen Druckanstieg am Muskel-Sehnen-Knochen-Übergang werden neuromuskuläre und bindegewebige Reaktionen ausgelöst, der Tonus der entsprechenden Muskeln sinkt ab. Umstellungsreize veranlassen den Organismus zu entsprechenden Regulationen und zur Wiederherstellung einer funktionstüchtigen, schmerzfreien Anatomie des Bewegungssystems.
Opportunistic Salpingectomy at the Time of Benign Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: Assessment of Possible Complications and Histopathological p53-Signatures
Authors: Chene Gautier , Urvoas Sarah , Moret Stéphanie , Nadaud Béatrice , Buenerd Annie , Chabert Philippe , Mellier Georges , Lamblin Gery
Published: June 2018

Introduction The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of tubal histopathological abnormalities (serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma STIC and p53 signatures) and the prevalence of perioperative and postoperative complications related to opportunistic laparoscopic salpingectomy in a low risk population.

Materials and Methods In this observational prospective cohort, prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy during benign laparoscopic hysterectomy was systematically performed in 100 consecutive women. Peri- and postoperative complications were registered. Duration of salpingectomy and post-salpingectomy blood loss were also measured. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis with anti-p53 antibody were performed on the whole fallopian tubes according to a specific and validated protocol.

Results Laparoscopic salpingectomy was always possible without any peri- or postoperative complication attributable to the salpingectomy itself. The mean duration was 428 seconds (354 – 596) and the blood loss was 9 cm3 (2 – 15). Using histopathological and immunohistochemical assessment with anti-p53 antibody on 199 fallopian tubes (99 bilateral salpingectomies and one unilateral salpingectomy because of previous salpingectomy for ectopic pregnancy), there was a prevalence of 5.52% (11/199) of p53 signatures. No STIC were observed and no associated cancer.

Conclusions Laparoscopic salpingectomy is both feasible and innocuous during benign hysterectomy. Meticulous histopathologic examination of the tubes may reveal specific abnormalities.
Controversies about the Secondary Prevention of Spontaneous Preterm Birth
Authors: Kyvernitakis Ioannis , Maul Holger , Bahlmann Franz
Published: June 2018

Preterm birth is one of the major global health problems and part of the Millennium Development goals because of the associated high number of perinatal or neonatal mortality and long-term risks of neurodevelopmental and metabolic diseases. Transvaginal sonography has meanwhile been established as a screening tool for spontaneous preterm birth despite its relatively low sensitivity when considering only the cervical length. Vaginal progesterone has been shown to reduce prematurity rates below 34 weeks in a screening population of singleton pregnancies. Up to now, no positive long-term effect could be demonstrated after 2 years. It seems to have no benefit to prolong pregnancies after a period of preterm contractions and in risk patients without cervical shortening. Meta-analyses still demonstrate conflicting results dependent on quality criteria used for selection. A cerclage is only indicated in singleton pregnancies with previous spontaneous preterm birth and a combined cervical shortening in the current pregnancy. Nevertheless, the short- and long-term outcome has never been evaluated, whereas maternal complications may be increased. There is no evidence for a prophylactic cervical cerclage in twin pregnancies even in cases with cervical shortening. Emergency cerclage remains an indication after individual counseling. The effect of a cervical pessary in singleton pregnancy seems to be more pronounced in studies where a few investigators with increasing experience have treated and followed the patients at risk for preterm birth. Mainly in twin pregnancies, pessary treatment seems to be promising compared to other treatment options of secondary prevention when the therapy is started at early stages of precocious cervical ripening. At present, several international trials with the goal to reduce global rates of prematurity are in progress which will hopefully allow to specify the indications and methods of intervention for certain subgroups. When trials are summarized, prospective meta-analyses carry a lower risk of bias than the meanwhile uncontrolled magnitude of retrospective meta-analyses with conflicting results.
Fertility Preservation for Patients with Malignant Disease. Guideline of the DGGG, DGU and DGRM (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry No. 015/082, November 2017) – Recommendations and Statements for Girls and Women
Authors: Dittrich Ralf , Kliesch Sabine , Schüring Andreas , Balcerek Magdalena , Baston-Büst Dunja , Beck Ramona , Beckmann Matthias , Behringer Karolin , Borgmann-Staudt Anja , Cremer Wolfgang , Denzer Christian , Diemer Thorsten , Dorn Almut , Fehm Tanja , Gaase Rüdiger , Germeyer Ariane , Geue Kristina , Ghadjar Pirus , Goeckenjan Maren , Götte Martin , Guth Dagmar , Hauffa Berthold , Hehr Ute , Hetzer Franc , Hirchenhain Jens , Hoffmann Wilfried , Hornemann Beate , Jantke Andreas , Kentenich Heribert , Kiesel Ludwig , Köhn Frank-Michael , Korell Matthias , Lax Sigurd , Liebenthron Jana , Lux Michael , Meißner Julia , Micke Oliver , Nassar Najib , Nawroth Frank , Nordhoff Verena , Ochsendorf Falk , Oppelt Patricia , Pelz Jörg , Rau Beate , Reisch Nicole , Riesenbeck Dorothea , Schlatt Stefan , Sender Annekathrin , Schwab Roxana , Siedentopf Friederike , Thorn Petra , Wagner Steffen , Wildt Ludwig , Wimberger Pauline , Wischmann Tewes , von Wolff Michael , Lotz Laura
Published: June 2018

Aim The aim of this official guideline published by the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG) and coordinated with the German Society of Urology (DGU) and the German Society of Reproductive Medicine (DGRM) is to provide consensus-based recommendations, obtained by evaluating the relevant literature, on counseling and fertility preservation for prepubertal girls and boys as well as patients of reproductive age. Statements and recommendations for girls and women are presented below. Statements or recommendations for boys and men are not the focus of this guideline.

Methods This S2k guideline was developed at the suggestion of the guideline commission of the DGGG, DGU and DGRM and represents the structured consensus of representative members from various professional associations (n = 40).

Recommendations The guideline provides recommendations on counseling and fertility preservation for women and girls which take account of the patientʼs personal circumstances, the planned oncologic therapy and the individual risk profile as well as the preferred approach for selected tumor entities.