bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MINIMUM LATENCY LINK SCHEDULING FOR ARBITRARY DIRECTED ACYCLIC NETWORKS UNDER PRECEDENCE AND SINR CONSTRAINTS
Authors: HUA QIANG-SHENG , WANG YUEXUAN , YU DONGXIAO , TAN HAISHENG
Published: December 2011

Scheduling wireless links under the SINR model has attracted increasing attention in the past few years [1–6, 8–15, 18–20, 23–25, 27, 28, 33–36, 39, 41, 42, 45, 46]. However, most of previous work did not account for the precedence constraint that might exist among the wireless links. Precedence constraints are common in data aggregation problems where a sensor can not send data to its parent node before it has received data from all of its children. Existing solutions to the so-called minimum latency aggregation scheduling problem [7, 16, 21, 26, 29, 30, 32, 40, 43, 44] mainly focus on specific tree topologies rooted at the sink node. In this paper, we study the minimum latency link scheduling problem for arbitrary directed acyclic networks under both precedence and SINR constraints. Our formulation allows multiple sinks, and each sensor may transmit data to more than one parent node. We first show that the problem is NP-hard, and then propose a linear power assignment based polynomial time approximation algorithm and a dynamic labeling based heuristic algorithm. We have carried out extensive simulations for both dense and sparse arbitrary directed acyclic networks. The simulation results show that: (1) compared with both uniform and linear power assignments based algorithms, we can achieve much shorter scheduling lengths using our proposed labeling algorithm, and (2) the dynamic labeling based heuristic algorithm can lead to significantly shorter scheduling lengths than the heuristic algorithm which does not use labeling.
EXTREMAL CAYLEY DIGRAPHS OF FINITE ABELIAN GROUPS
Authors: MASK ABBY GAIL , SCHNEIDER JONI , JIA XINGDE
Published: December 2011

Cayley digraphs of finite abelian groups are often used to model communication networks. Because of their applications, extremal Cayley digraphs have been studied extensively in recent years. Given any positive integers d and k. Let m*(d, k) denote the largest positive integer m such that there exists an m-element finite abelian group Γ and a k-element subset A of Γ such that diam ( Cay (Γ, A)) ≤ d, where diam ( Cay (Γ, A)) denotes the diameter of the Cayley digraph Cay (Γ, A) of Γ generated by A. Similarly, let m(d, k) denote the largest positive integer m such that there exists a k-element set A of integers with diam (ℤm, A)) ≤ d. In this paper, we prove, among other results, that [Formula: see text] for all d ≥ 1 and k ≥ 1. This means that the finite abelian group whose Cayley digraph is optimal with respect to its diameter and degree can be a cyclic group.
A LEARNING METHOD TO DETERMINE HOW TO APPROACH AN UNKNOWN OBJECT TO BE GRASPED
Authors: BALAGUER BENJAMIN D. , CARPIN STEFANO
Published: December 2011

We present a learning algorithm to determine the appropriate approaching pose to grasp a novel object. Our method focuses on the computation of valid end-effector orientations in order to make contact with the object at a given point. The system achieves this goal by generalizing from positive examples provided by a human operator during an offline training session. The technique is feature-based since it extracts salient attributes of the object to be grasped rather than relying on the availability of models or trying to build one. To compute the desired orientation, the robot performs three steps at run time. Using a multi-class Support Vector Machine (SVM), it first classifies the novel object into one of the object classes defined during training. Next, it determines its orientation, and, finally, based on the classification and orientation, it extracts the most similar example from the training data and uses it to grasp the object. The method has been implemented on a full-scale humanoid robotic torso equipped with multi-fingered hands and extensive results corroborate both its effectiveness and real-time performance.
TOWARD DYNAMIC MANIPULATION FOR HUMANOID ROBOTS: EXPERIMENTS AND DESIGN ASPECTS
Authors: BÄTZ GEORG , SCHEINT MICHAEL , WOLLHERR DIRK
Published: December 2011

This paper discusses a control architecture to equip humanoid robots with dynamic manipulation skills. Such skills are beneficial, as they increase the dexterity of humanoid robots and improve their handling of unforeseen situations. The nature of manipulation poses challenges with respect to environment perception, action planning, and motion control. These challenges are addressed in the paper: a dynamic force/torque (F/T) observer is discussed to reconstruct the environment F/Ts and to improve the interaction control. A method for online motion planning is investigated, which generates trajectories based on different selection criteria. These elements are integrated in a control design for dynamic manipulation and experimentally validated for two tasks: two-handed ball throwing and one-handed ball catching. Based on the experimental results, a modified end effector design with intrinsic compliance is proposed to improve the system performance that is demonstrated in case studies.
GENERALIZING THE TITCHMARSH DIVISOR PROBLEM
Authors: FELIX ADAM TYLER
Published: December 2011

Let a be a natural number different from 0. In 1963, Linnik proved the following unconditional result about the Titchmarsh divisor problem [Formula: see text] where c is a constant dependent on a. Titchmarsh proved the above result assuming GRH for Dirichlet L-functions in 1931. We establish the following asymptotic relation: [Formula: see text] where Ck is a constant dependent on k and a, and the implied constant is dependent on k. We also apply it a question related to Artin's conjecture for primitive roots.
IDENTITIES FOR SELF-CONJUGATE 7- AND 9-CORE PARTITIONS
Authors: BARUAH NAYANDEEP DEKA , SARMAH BIPUL KUMAR
Published: December 2011

By employing identities for Ramanujan's theta functions, we show that asc 7(8n + 7) = 0 and asc 9(8n + 10) = asc 9(2n), where asc t(n) denotes the number of t-core partitions of n that are self-conjugates.
SPECIAL VALUES OF DIRICHLET SERIES AND ZETA INTEGRALS
Authors: FRIEDMAN EDUARDO , PEREIRA ALDO
Published: December 2011

For f and g polynomials in p variables, we relate the special value at a non-positive integer s = -N, obtained by analytic continuation of the Dirichlet series [Formula: see text], to special values of zeta integrals Z(s;f,g) = ∫x∊[0, ∞)p g(x)f(x)-s dx ( Re (s) ≫ 0). We prove a simple relation between ζ(-N;f,g) and Z(-N;fa, ga), where for a ∈ ℂp, fa(x) is the shifted polynomial fa(x) = f(a + x). By direct calculation we prove the product rule for zeta integrals at s = 0, degree (fh) ⋅ Z(0;fh, g) = degree (f) ⋅ Z(0;f, g) + degree (h) ⋅ Z(0;h, g), and deduce the corresponding rule for Dirichlet series at s = 0, degree (fh) ⋅ ζ(0;fh, g) = degree (f) ⋅ ζ(0;f, g)+ degree (h)⋅ζ(0;h, g). This last formula generalizes work of Shintani and Chen–Eie.
MODULI INTERPRETATION OF EISENSTEIN SERIES
Authors: KHURI-MAKDISI KAMAL
Published: December 2011

Let ℓ ≥ 3. Using the moduli interpretation, we define certain elliptic modular forms of level Γ(ℓ) over any field k where 6ℓ is invertible and k contains the ℓth roots of unity. These forms generate a graded algebra [Formula: see text], which, over C, is generated by the Eisenstein series of weight 1 on Γ(ℓ). The main result of this article is that, when k = C, the ring [Formula: see text] contains all modular forms on Γ(ℓ) in weights ≥ 2. The proof combines algebraic and analytic techniques, including the action of Hecke operators and nonvanishing of L-functions. Our results give a systematic method to produce models for the modular curve X(ℓ) defined over the ℓth cyclotomic field, using only exact arithmetic in the ℓ-torsion field of a single Q-rational elliptic curve E0.
ON A PROBLEM OF NESTERENKO: WHEN IS THE CLOSEST ROOT OF A POLYNOMIAL A REAL NUMBER?
Authors: BUDARINA NATALIA , O'DONNELL HUGH
Published: December 2011

Let P be an integer polynomial of height H. In this article we investigate the value of w where, if |P(x)| < H-w, then the root α1of P closest to x is real. We prove that for w > 2n - 3, and sufficiently large H the root α1belongs to the field of real numbers and we also bound the distance between x and α1.
HYPERGEOMETRIC SERIES AND ARITHMETIC–GEOMETRIC MEAN OVER 2-ADIC FIELDS
Authors: KINJO KENSAKU , MIYASAKA YUKEN
Published: December 2011

Dwork proved that the Gaussian hypergeometric function on p-adic numbers can be extended to a function which takes values of the unit roots of ordinary elliptic curves over a finite field of characteristic p ≥ 3. We present an analogous theory in the case p = 2. As an application, we give a relation between the canonical lift and the unit root of an elliptic curve over a finite field of characteristic 2 by using the 2-adic arithmetic–geometric mean.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF R134a FLOWING THROUGH ADIABATIC HELICALLY COILED CAPILLARY TUBES
Authors: KAEW-ON JATUPORN , CHINGULPITAK SAKARIN , WONGWISES SOMCHAI
Published: December 2011

The effects of the relevant parameters on the flow characteristic of R134a flowing through adiabatic helical capillary tubes were experimentally studied. The capillary tubes' diameter, coil diameter, and parameters relating to flow conditions such as inlet pressures and degree of subcooling were the major parameters investigated. The test section was made from copper tubing with inner diameters of 1.07, 1.27, and 1.62 mm. The coil diameters were 25, 50, and 100 mm. The local pressure and temperature distributions along the length of the capillary tubes were measured at inlet pressures ranging from 10 to 14 bar, mass flow rates from 8 to 20 kg/h, and degrees of subcooling from 0.5°C to 15°C. The metastable flow and the delay of vaporization of R134a are also presented and discussed. The results showed that the capillary diameter had more of a significant effect on the mass flow rate than the other variables.
Stability in Generalized Functions
Authors: Lee Young-Su
Published: December 2011

We consider the following additive functional equation with n‐independent variables: in the spaces of generalized functions. Making use of the heat kernels, we solve the general solutions and the stability problems of the above equation in the spaces of tempered distributions and Fourier hyperfunctions. Moreover, using the mollifiers, we extend these results to the space of distributions.
Chronic Iliac Vein Occlusion and Painful Nonhealing Ulcer Induced by High Venous Pressures from an Arteriovenous Malformation
Authors: Link Daniel P. , Granchi Phillip J.
Published: December 2011

Chronic femoral vein compression (May-Thurner Syndrome) is a known rare cause of deep venous thrombosis. Subsequent angiogenesis and the development of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the setting of chronic venous thrombosis is by itself a rare and poorly understood phenomenon. We report a case in which elevated venous pressures resulting from such compression appear to have resulted in the development of a pelvic arteriovenous malformation, which was further complicated by chronic, nonhealing painful lower extremity ulcers, and the development of extensive subcutaneous venous collaterals. Following successful embolization of the pelvic AVM and ablation of veins under the ulcers with laser and sclerotherapy, the patient's ulcers healed and she became pain-free.
The Application of Three‐Dimensional Collagen‐Scaffolds Seeded with Myoblasts to Repair Skeletal Muscle Defects
Authors: Ma Jianqun , Holden Kyle , Zhu Jinhong , Pan Haiying , Li Yong
Published: December 2011

Three‐dimensional (3D) engineered tissue constructs are a novel and promising approach to tissue repair and regeneration. 3D tissue constructs have the ability to restore form and function to damaged soft tissue unlike previous methods, such as plastic surgery, which are able to restore only form, leaving the function of the soft tissue often compromised. In this study, we seeded murine myoblasts (C2C12) into a collagen composite scaffold and cultured the scaffold in a roller bottle cell culture system in order to create a 3D tissue graft in vitro. The 3D graft created in vitro was then utilized to investigate muscle tissue repair in vivo. The 3D muscle grafts were implanted into defect sites created in the skeletal muscles in mice. We detected that the scaffolds degraded slowly over time, and muscle healing was improved which was shown by an increased quantity of innervated and vascularized regenerated muscle fibers. Our results suggest that the collagen composite scaffold seeded with myoblasts can create a 3D muscle graft in vitro that can be employed for defect muscle tissue repair in vivo.
Sorafenib-Induced Liver Failure: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Van Hootegem Anneleen , Verslype Chris , Van Steenbergen Werner
Published: December 2011

In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by vascular invasion and/or extrahepatic disease, Sorafenib is considered treatment of choice. Although mild liver test abnormalities were reported in less than 1% of the patients in the two large randomized, controlled phase III trials, four cases of severe acute Sorafenib-induced hepatitis have been described. One of these four cases died from liver failure. In this paper, a patient with HCC with lung metastases developed high fever and a severe hepatitis that rapidly evolved into liver coma and death, two weeks after the initiation of Sorafenib. Biochemical parameters pointed to a hepatocellular type of injury. Clinical and biochemical presentations were compatible with a drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome such as it has mainly been described for aromatic anticonvulsants, sulphonamides, and allopurinol. We hypothesize that an underlying cytochrome P450 dysfunction with the presence of reactive drug metabolites might lead to this potentially fatal Sorafenib-induced severe liver dysfunction.
Listeriaspp. in Street-Vended Ready-to-Eat Foods
Authors: El-Shenawy Moustafa , El-Shenawy Mohamed , Mañes Jordi , Soriano Jose M.
Published: December 2011

Street-vended ready-to-eat food sold in Egypt, including sandwiches and dishes of traditional food, was examined for the presence ofListeriaspecies. Out of 576 samples, 24% were found to containListeriaspecies.L. monocytogenesandL. innocuawere isolated from 57% and 39% of the contaminated samples, respectively. OtherListeriaspp. were detected with lower frequency.L. monocytogenesof ≥103 CFU/g were detected in 7% of the total examined samples, which represent 49% of the contaminated food samples (meat, poultry, seafood, dairy products, and products of plant origin). Most of the samples contaminated byL. monocytogeneshad high levels of total viable bacterial counts. The results obtained may help to clarify the epidemiology of listeriosis in the country and draw the attention of the decision makers to issue hygienic regulations for food processing industries as well as street vendors in order to ensure safe street-vended ready-to-eat food.
Bayesian Approach to Zero-Inflated Bivariate Ordered Probit Regression Model, with an Application to Tobacco Use
Authors: Gurmu Shiferaw , Dagne Getachew A.
Published: December 2011

This paper presents a Bayesian analysis of bivariate ordered probit regression model with excess of zeros. Specifically, in the context of joint modeling of two ordered outcomes, we develop zero-inflated bivariate ordered probit model and carry out estimation using Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. Using household tobacco survey data with substantial proportion of zeros, we analyze the socioeconomic determinants of individual problem of smoking and chewing tobacco. In our illustration, we find strong evidence that accounting for excess zeros provides good fit to the data. The example shows that the use of a model that ignores zero-inflation masks differential effects of covariates on nonusers and users.
Global Convergence of a Modified Spectral Conjugate Gradient Method
Authors: Jiang Huabin , Deng Songhai , Zheng Xiaodong , Wan Zhong
Published: December 2011

A modified spectral PRP conjugate gradient method is presented
for solving unconstrained optimization problems. The constructed search direction
is proved to be a sufficiently descent direction of the objective function. With an
Armijo‐type line search to determinate the step length, a new spectral PRP conjugate
algorithm is developed. Under some mild conditions, the theory of global convergence is established. Numerical results demonstrate that this algorithm is promising,
particularly, compared with the existing similar ones.
Neurocognitive Correlates of Apathy and Anxiety in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Bogdanova Yelena , Cronin-Golomb Alice
Published: December 2011

Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with various nonmotor symptoms including neuropsychiatric and cognitive dysfunction. We examined the relation between apathy, anxiety, side of onset of motor symptoms, and cognition in PD. We hypothesized that PD patients would show different neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive profiles depending on the side of onset. 22 nondemented PD patients (11 right-side onset (RPD) with predominant left-hemisphere pathology, and 11 LPD) and 22 matched healthy controls (NC) were administered rating scales assessing apathy and anxiety, and a series of neuropsychological tests. PD patients showed a higher anxiety level than NC. There was a significant association between apathy, anxiety, and disease duration. In LPD, apathy but not anxiety was associated with performance on nonverbally mediated executive function and visuospatial measures, whereas, in RPD, anxiety but not apathy correlated with performance on verbally mediated tasks. Our findings demonstrated a differential association of apathy and anxiety to cognition in PD.
Alternative Splicing of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor IgIII Loops in Cancer
Authors: Holzmann Klaus , Grunt Thomas , Heinzle Christine , Sampl Sandra , Steinhoff Heinrich , Reichmann Nicole , Kleiter Miriam , Hauck Marlene , Marian Brigitte
Published: December 2011

Alternative splicing of the IgIII loop of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) 1–3 produces b- and c-variants of the receptors with distinctly different biological impact based on their distinct ligand-binding spectrum. Tissue-specific expression of these splice variants regulates interactions in embryonic development, tissue maintenance and repair, and cancer. Alterations in FGFR2 splicing are involved in epithelial mesenchymal transition that produces invasive, metastatic features during tumor progression. Recent research has elucidated regulatory factors that determine the splice choice both on the level of exogenous signaling events and on the RNA-protein interaction level. Moreover, methodology has been developed that will enable the in depth analysis of splicing events during tumorigenesis and provide further insight on the role of FGFR 1–3 IIIb and IIIc in the pathophysiology of various malignancies. This paper aims to summarize expression patterns in various tumor types and outlines possibilities for further analysis and application.
Modelling of Atomic Imaging and Evaporation in the Field Ion Microscope
Authors: Fraser Keith J. , Boland John J.
Published: December 2011

Imaging and evaporation of atoms in the field ion microscope (FIM) has been modelled by using finite difference methods to calculate the voltage distribution around a tip and hence the electric field strength experienced by individual atoms. Atoms are evaporated based on field strength using a number of different mathematical models which yield broadly similar results. The tip shapes and simulated FIM images produced show strong agreement with experimental results for tips of the same orientation and crystal structure. Calculations have also been made to estimate the effects on resolution of using a field-sharpened tip for scanning probe microscopy.
Does size always matter? Mate choice and sperm allocation in Panulirus guttatus, a highly sedentary, habitat-specialist spiny lobster
Authors: Magallón-Gayón Erika , Briones-Fourzán Patricia , Lozano-Álvarez Enrique
Published: December 2011

Spotted spiny lobsters, Panulirus guttatus, are small,
obligate reef-dwellers that exhibit a highly sedentary lifestyle and a low
tendency to aggregate with conspecifics, and that reproduce asynchronously
year-round. Individual females can produce multiple clutches per year but
have a short receptivity per clutch. As in most spiny lobsters, females of
P. guttatus mate only once per clutch and resist
further mating attempts, features that may favour development of female mate
choice but limit the potential for sperm competition. We separately examined
mate choice by large and small mature females through laboratory experiments
that controlled for effects of male–male competition, quality of shelter,
and mere social attraction. Only large females expressed preference for
larger males relative to their own size, suggesting that only large females
that mate with small males risk sperm limitation on fecundity success. In
couples that mated, males deposited rather small, thinly spread
spermatophores on the sterna of females. Spermatophore area (considered as a
proxy measure of sperm content) increased with male size and showed no
relationship with female size, suggesting that males of P.
guttatus have a short sperm-recovery period or do not exhibit
strategic sperm allocation in a non-competitive context. A comparison of
average sperm allocation between P. guttatus and its
sympatric species, P. argus (a much larger, highly mobile,
and highly social species with more seasonal reproductive periods and a
longer receptivity of females per clutch), suggests that males of P.
guttatus allocate proportionally less sperm to females, on
average, than males of P. argus do. According to
predictions of across-species risk models, this result suggests that males
of P. guttatus perceive lower average levels of sperm
competition risk than males of P. argus do, implying that
different Panulirus species may exhibit different mating
strategies in accordance with their particular life-history and
sociobiological traits.
Feathers in the spotless starling nests: a sexually selected trait?
Authors: Veiga José P. , Polo Vicente
Published: December 2011

The carrying of feathers to adorn the nest has been recently described as a female behaviour that indicates quality in a passerine bird — the spotless starling (Sturnus unicolor) —, but the consequences that the variability of this trait may have on breeding success are still unknown. The feather-carrying behaviour is a sexual behaviour that is performed in response to a male display: the carrying of green plants. In this paper we explore whether foreign feathers affect male investment on chick rearing or reinforce the pair mating bonds. The experimental addition of feathers to nests caused an increase in clutch size and a reduction of nestling mortality, although it did not affect feeding rates or the removal of faecal sacs by males or females. Nest feathers did not increase the frequency with which females laid a second clutch in the same nest and with the same male. Thus, our results do not support the sexual selection hypothesis for the evolution of the carrying feathers behaviour. An alternative hypothesis that deserves to be addressed in specifically designed studies is that foreign feathers may be taken to nests as a sort of chemical warfare against nest parasites. The sexual selection and the chemical defence hypotheses are, however, not mutually exclusive and future research should evaluate whether the pre-existence of a behavioural trait arising by natural selection may drive the evolution of a signalling trait.
Age and relatedness have an interactive effect on the feeding behaviour of helpers in cooperatively breeding sociable weavers
Authors: Doutrelant Claire , Dalecky Ambroise , Covas Rita
Published: December 2011

In cooperative species, helpers often assist close relatives and kin
selection is thought to be a major selective force underlying the evolution
and maintenance of helping. However, in some cases helpers may be unrelated
individuals, which require other types of explanation. Here, we used genetic
analyses and observations of feeding behaviour to investigate the
relationships between helping at the nest and relatedness in a species where
helpers vary in their relatedness to the breeders, the sociable weaver,
Philetairus socius. We also investigated the effect of
age and breeding group size on feeding behaviour. We found no overall
increase of feeding rate with relatedness. Instead, the relationship between
helpers' feeding rate and relatedness changed with age. Yearling helpers,
which were typically the offspring of one or both parents, did not feed
significantly more often when more related to the nestlings or the breeding
male or female but did bring larger prey when more related to the nestlings
or breeding female. For adult helpers, contrary to the expectations of the
kin selection hypothesis, the feeding rate and the size of the prey brought
was negatively linked to their relatedness to the nestlings and the breeding
female. These results suggest that the reasons for helping in this
population change with age. Indirect benefits seem important for yearling
helpers while direct benefits may influence the evolution and maintenance of
helping behaviour in adult helpers.
Solomon the Trickster
Authors: Miller Robert D.
Published: December 2011

This essay uses the rubric of “trickster” to explore the narrative character of Solomon as presented in Kings. Using both the broader literary category and the specific comparand of the Lenape (Delaware) trickster, Wehixamukes, nuances of the biblical presentation are highlighted and seemingly disparate elements of the biblical Solomon character are seen as parts of a coherent whole.
Martin Luther’s Conception of fascinare (Gal. 3:1)
Authors: Koivisto Jussi Kalervo
Published: December 2011

The evil eye belief is a universal phenomenon and present in the Bible, both in the Old and the New Testament. Christian scholars have usually discussed this phenomenon in their comments on Gal. 3:1. Luther, for example, concentrated on the manifold notion of the bewitchment of the evil eye (Gr. βασκαίνω, Lat. fascinare, Ger. bezaubern; Gal. 3:1) in his Scholia (1516), Commentary (1519), and Large Commentary (1531/1535) on Galatians. Luther understood fascinare as a higher-level concept that included witchcraft (e.g. harming through the evil glance) and both psychic and spiritual disturbance. Luther’s interpretation of this concept is fascinating mix of folklore, Biblical scholarship and the perspectives of ancient authors. In spite of the many similarities between the different Commentaries, there were also differences—especially between early Commentaries (1516, 1519) and the Large Commentary (1531/1535). I will prove in detail how Luther contextualized the evil eye belief to his various comments on Gal. 3:1 and who and what were his models in doing this.
Caught in the Crossfire? Economic Injustice and Prophetic Motivation in Eighth-Century Judah
Authors: Coomber Matthew J.M.
Published: December 2011

Prophetic complaints against landownership abuse that are attributed to eighth-century Judah pose an interpretive problem: their contextual ambiguity. Passages like as Isa. 5.8-10 decry land seizures but lack key socio-economic variables: motivations and the identities of perpetrators and victims. Faced with scarce archaeological and biblical evidence pertaining to landownership in the eighth century, several scholars have turned to the social sciences for clues. Marvin Chaney and D.N. Premnath have found interpretive value in cultural-evolutionary theory.

Cultural-evolutionary theorists, like Gerhard Lenski and Timothy Earle, find that recurring patterns tend to emerge as agrarian societies experience rapid economic development and increased trade, including an abandonment of subsistence strategies, land consolidation, and a hoarding of the benefits amongst elites. While Chaney and Premnath have successfully used this model to explore economic abuses attributed to eighth-century Judah, when the region was absorbed into the Assyrian trade nexus, the effects of these recurring societal patterns on religious institutions have yet to be explored by biblical scholars.

Religious practices and norms that support outmoded economic strategies tend to be overturned during these transitional periods to accommodate new economic goals. While some religious leaders are forced to choose between either honouring long-held traditions or capitulating to a new economic environment, others find that their place in society is rendered obsolete. Through considering these cultural-evolutionary patterns alongside Hezekiah’s religious reforms, this paper explores the possibility that prophetic authors who condemned the displacement of farmers may have also been protesting their own displacement in an evolving Judean society.
Family Fortunes in the Song-Yuan Transition: Academies and Chinese Elite Strategies for Success
Authors: Walton Linda
Published: December 2011

The founding of academies was a strategy that enabled some Chinese elite families to retain their status through the Song-Yuan transition and beyond. Family academies provided both educational and professional opportunities. The Yuan government rewarded support of education by appointing a family member as academy headmaster, an unranked post that often led to local or regional educational offices. After the restoration of the examination system in 1315, the descendants of the academy founders benefited from family academy education in the competition for examination degrees.
Rediscovery of Uroptychus pubescens Faxon, 1893 (Decapoda, Anomura, Chirostylidae) in the Southern Gulf of California, Pacific Coast of Mexico
Authors: Hendrickx Michel E. , Parente Manuel Ayon
Published: December 2011

Uroptychus pubescens Faxon, 1893, was collected off the east coast of the Baja California Peninsula, in the southern Gulf of California, and represents the second known record for this species since it was captured by the "Albatross" in 1891. This new material is described and compared to the only syntype available in the Smithsonian collections. The new material is much smaller than the syntype (CW 8.3 mm vs. CW 14.1 mm), but its general characteristics correspond well with the specimen collected by the "Albatross".
A Case Study of Sampling Strategies for Estimating the Length Composition of Commercial Catches: The Sri Lankan Shrimp Trawl Fishery
Authors: De Croos M. D. S. T. , Stefánsson Gunnar
Published: December 2011

Scientific surveys are expensive and often not feasible for artisanal and small-scale fisheries. Biological samples from the commercial catch are the principal source of information in monitoring these fisheries. A pilot sampling scheme of commercial craft conducted during a four-month period on the artisanal coastal shrimp trawl fishery in Sri Lanka revealed that the length compositions of two short-lived shrimp species (Metapenaeus dobsoni and Parapenaeopsis coromandelica), derived from commercial catches, showed high sampling variance and thus resulted in considerable noise in the length-frequency distributions. An analysis of variance components revealed that the total variance was mainly governed by the variance due to the number of samples. Hence, a more effective survey design was to collect samples from as many fishing craft as possible rather than increasing the sample size. The observed total variance of 0.4 based on measuring 43 109 individuals of M. dobsoni from 4 boats per sampling day (∼300 individuals/sample) in the pilot sampling was revised with the new sampling scheme, which reduced the variance to 0.2 based on measuring only 28 800 individuals from 6 boats per sampling day (∼150 individuals/sample). The length-frequency distributions constructed with the revised sampling scheme resulted in less noise in the monthly progression of modes.
The Armchair Discovery of the Unknown Southern Continent: Gerardus Mercator, Philosophical Pretensions and a Competitive Trade
Authors: Zuber Mike A.
Published: December 2011

The unknown southern continent is perhaps one of the most puzzling aspects of Gerardus Mercator's otherwise strikingly modern cartography. This paper is an attempt to reconsider it in view of Renaissance cosmology and to outline two factors that led Mercator to engage with the mythical terra australis over decades: his socio-professional status as an artisan and the desire to be a philosopher, on the one hand, and the harsh business of mapmaking in the Low Countries on the other. The resulting unknown southern continent was intimately connected to the classical tradition and geocentric cosmology but also to the specific social niche Mercator was trying to establish for himself.
Weighing Experience: Experimental Histories and Francis Bacon's Quantitative Program
Authors: Pastorino Cesare
Published: December 2011

Weighing of experience was a central concern of what Bacon called the "literate" stage of experimentation. As early as 1608, Bacon devised precise tenets for standard, quantitative reporting of experiments. These ideas were later integrated into his experimental histories proper. Bacon's enquiry of dense and rare is the best example of experientia literata developed in a quantitative fashion. I suggest that Bacon's ideas on this issue can be tied to experiments for the determination of specific gravities born in a monetary context: Bacon's investigation was very likely a generalization of Jean Bodin's experiments in Universae naturae theatrum (1596). Overall, Bacon's program of quantification calls for a revision of established historiographical notions, especially Thomas Kuhn's sharp dichotomy between a mathematical and a Baconian experimental tradition in seventeenth-century science.
Internal Variability of the Canadian RCM’s Hydrological Variables at the Basin Scale in Quebec and Labrador
Authors: Braun Marco , Caya Daniel , Frigon Anne , Slivitzky Michel
Published: December 2011

The effect of a regional climate model’s (RCM’s) internal variability (IV) on climate statistics of annual series of hydrological variables is investigated at the scale of 21 eastern Canada watersheds in Quebec and Labrador. The analysis is carried out on 30-yr pairs of simulations (twins), performed with the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM) for present (reanalysis and global climate model driven) and future (global climate model driven) climates. The twins differ only by the starting date of the regional simulation—a standard procedure used to trigger internal variability in RCMs. Two different domain sizes are considered: one comparable to domains used for RCM simulations over Europe and the other comparable to domains used for North America. Results for the larger North American domain indicate that mean relative differences between twin pairs of 30-yr climates reach ±5% when spectral nudging is used. Larger differences are found for extreme annual events, reaching about ±10% for 10% and 90% quantiles (Q10 and Q90). IV is smaller by about one order of magnitude in the smaller domain. Internal variability is unaffected by the period (past versus future climate) and by the type of driving data (reanalysis versus global climate model simulation) but shows a dependence on watershed size. When spectral nudging is deactivated in the large domain, the relative difference between pairs of 30-yr climate means almost doubles and approaches the magnitude of a global climate model’s internal variability. This IV at the level of the natural climate variability has a profound impact on the interpretation, analysis, and validation of RCM simulations over large domains.
From the Editors—Probability Scoring Rules, Ambiguity, Multiattribute Terrorist Utility, and Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Keller L. Robin , Abbas Ali , Bickel J. Eric , Bier Vicki M. , Budescu David V. , Butler John C. , Delquié Philippe , Lichtendahl Kenneth C. , Merrick Jason R. W. , Salo Ahti , Wu George
Published: December 2011

This issue's “From the Editors” column is coauthored with all the associate editors, to emphasize their major role in the leadership of the journal. We first review this year's operations and thank our editorial board and referees. Our first article, by David J. Johnstone, Victor Richmond R. Jose, and Robert L. Winkler, presents “Tailored Scoring Rules for Probabilities,” which take into account the decision maker's specific situation. Next, in “Do Bayesians Learn Their Way Out of Ambiguity?,” Alexander Zimper addresses how people perceive ambiguous probabilities and how they update their perceptions. In our third article, Chen Wang and Vicki M. Bier examine “Target-Hardening Decisions Based on Uncertain Multiattribute Terrorist Utility.” The final article, by Stephen P. Chambal, Jeffery D. Weir, Yucel R. Kahraman, and Alex J. Gutman, is on “A Practical Procedure for Customizable One-Way Sensitivity Analysis in Additive Value Models.”
The tourism labour conundrum: agenda for new research in the geography of hospitality workers
Authors: Zampoukos Kristina , Ioannides Dimitri
Published: December 2011

In this review, we argue that the study of tourism and hospitality labour geography must be readdressed since it has, with few exceptions, only superficially been treated within the overall economic geography of tourism. Specifically, this past research has largely evaded the rigorous
political economy approach advocated by many commentators over the last two decades. The resurrection of the labour theme is especially important since the tourism and hospitality sector is advocated as a significant job generator in many regions worldwide. However, jobs in this industry are
often low paid, low skilled, temporary and/or part-time. These include the numerous lower-end employment positions within the hospitality sector where limited training appears to be the norm and long-term career opportunities are few. The hospitality workforce at this lower tier of the employment
spectrum predominately consists of women, immigrants and young people. We argue that these individuals’ work is first and foremost reproductive; in other words, these hospitality workers’ tasks are associated with the housewife’s unpaid tasks within the home. Furthermore,
staff turnover in this sector is notoriously high. Taken together, this leads us to suggest a focus on the socio-spatial labour mobility and the division of labour from an intersectional perspective (sex, race and class) in an attempt to better understand the complex relations and processes
at work expressed in a tourism and hospitality labour geography.
Cinderella in Babylon: the representation of housekeeping and housekeepers in the UK television series Hotel Babylon
Authors: Harris Candice , Tregidga Helen , Williamson David
Published: December 2011

This article examines representations of housekeeping and housekeepers in the popular television series Hotel Babylon. We take a reflective approach in considering how identities and roles in the Hotel Babylon series are constructed, regarding the housekeeping department and its workers.
We identify that the representation of housekeeping work and employees is one of mainly sexualized victims, migrant workers and denigrated employees. Some possible effects of the identity and role constructed in this series are discussed; in particular an undermining and undervaluing of a
career in housekeeping. This study suggests more fundamental concerns about sustaining service quality and employment relationships in the hotel sector.
Reading hospitality: the semiotics of Le Manoir aux Quat’Saisons
Authors: Tresidder Richard
Published: December 2011

This article introduces a social semiotic methodology for the analysis of hospitality marketing texts and explores the complexity of reading websites as a sign vehicle. The work also develops a social semiotic reading that locates the analysis within a conceptual framework, which underpins
and directs the individual’s interpretation process. This hermeneutically results in multiple readings and interpretations according to the individual’s social, cultural and geographical knowledge. The conceptual framework that informs the reading and production of a semiotic discourse
of hospitality draws from debates surrounding notions of consumption and identity, hospitality as a social and cultural construct, and recognizes that the marketing and interpretation of hospitality within contemporary society are both influenced by historical and ideological constructs. As
such, the practice of hospitality needs to be not just understood in terms of its industrial significance, but also in terms of hospitality’s significance to the culture and society that it reflects or is located within.
Giving a face to the conflict: Contemporary representations of women in Franco-North African film
Authors: Flinn Margaret C.
Published: December 2011

This study examines the allegorization of women in Franco-North African film of the 1990s and 2000s. It argues that these contemporary representations trap women between hyper- and disembodiment, with the narration of their subjectivity becoming predicated upon the social violence enacted
upon their bodies. Allegory is shown to be a product of the film’s form and narrative, but also a result of its production and reception.
Open-sourcing French culture: The politics of métissage and collective reappropriation in the films of Abdellatif Kechiche
Authors: Williams James S.
Published: December 2011

This article examines in detail the intertextual sources and transcultural strategies of Abdellatif Kechiche’s first three films: La Faute à Voltaire/Blame it on Voltaire (2000), L’Esquive/Games of Love and Chance (2003), and La Graine et le mulet/Couscous (2007).
It assesses to what degree Kechiche subverts the cultural and symbolic frame politically within the lived context of multi-ethnic France, or simply re-stages the diasporic experience within a syncretic yet politically complacent conceptual frame based around a cultural memory that is almost
exclusively French and gestures consistently towards the universal. By tracing each film’s construction of a particular social-cultural frame that actively draws on the symbolic framework of State and Nation, this article reveals how Kechiche’s work of alterity serves to reappropriate
and recontextualize key signifiers of French culture by placing them in new, progressive and necessarily ‘impure’ allegorical and symbolic frameworks that operate beyond fixed, essentialist notions of identity (subjective, familial, social, ethnic). Moreover, Kechiche’s cinema
‘de-frames’ itself by foregrounding the performative aspects of cultural métissage, illustrating in the process that personal identity and development is always ‘performed’ in collective solidarity with others. For these reasons, Kechiche’s ‘acts’
of cinematic form may best be conceived as radical ‘social acts’ that herald a new form of transcultural ‘opensourcing’, i.e. a programme of open access and redistribution of French culture that offers up a set of important source codes and texts and positively invites
creative modification and reinvention. Such a radical practice of social and cultural mixité demands, ultimately, that we respond in kind by grasping its multiple strands and working together to create new and as yet unimagined social and cultural formations.
Maternal Working Hours and Early Childhood Overweight in Japan: A Population‐based Study
Authors: Mitsuhashi Toshiharu , Suzuki Etsuji , Takao Soshi , Doi Hiroyuki
Published: December 2011

Maternal Working Hours and Early Childhood Overweight in Japan: A Population‐based Study: Toshiharu MITSUHASHI, et al. Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences—

Objectives

There has been a growing concern that maternal employment could have adverse or beneficial effects on children's health. Although recent studies demonstrated that maternal employment was associated with a higher risk of childhood overweight, the evidence remains sparse in Asian countries. We sought to examine the relationship between maternal working hours and early childhood overweight in a rural town in Okayama Prefecture.

Methods

In February 2008, questionnaires were sent to parents of all preschool children aged ≥3 yr in the town to assess maternal working status (working hours and form of employment), children's body mass index, and potential confounders. Childhood overweight was defined following the age and sex‐specific criteria of the International Obesity Task Force. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for childhood overweight were estimated in a logistic regression. We used generalized estimating equations with an exchangeable correlation matrix, considering the correlation between siblings.

Results

We analyzed 364 preschool children. Adjusting for each child's characteristics (age, sex), mother's characteristics (age, obesity, educational attainment, smoking status, and social participation), and family's characteristics (number of siblings), children whose mothers work <8 h/day had a substantially lower risk for being overweight (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.93) compared with children of non‐working mothers, whereas the relationship was less pronounced among children whose mothers work ≥8 h/day (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.19, 2.68). We observed similar patterns in a stratified analysis by the form of maternal employment.

Conclusion

Short maternal working hours are associated with a lower odds of early childhood overweight.
Psychological and Health Impact of Working with Victims of Sex Trafficking
Authors: Kliner Merav , Stroud Laura
Published: December 2011

Psychological and Health Impact of Working with Victims of Sex Trafficking: Merav KLINER, et al. Academic Unit of Public Health, University of Leeds, U.K.—

Objectives

The UK is a major destination country for trafficking for sexual exploitation, and so increasing numbers of victims of trafficking are managed within health and social services. This study aims to assess the psychological and physical impact on health and social care staff working with an identified sex‐trafficked population in a Northern City within England and identify methods to assist staff to manage this complex population.

Methods

This research is a qualitative study of 12 members of health and social care staff through semi‐structured interviews. The subjects were identified using purposive sampling, and data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Staff found working with sex‐trafficked populations more difficult than with other vulnerable groups. They frequently described burnout and other adverse effects on their psychological and physical health. In general, staff felt undersupported and undertrained by their organizations. This led to concerns about the quality and sustainability of the service.

Conclusions

Working with victims of sex trafficking significantly impacts on the physical and psychological health of staff. Staff working with such vulnerable groups require training and high levels of support to ensure that they are not adversely affected by their work and to ensure that high quality services are maintained. Practices to promote occupational health must be instilled within workplace policy and the organizational culture to limit the impact on psychological and physical health in staff working with vulnerable populations.