bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solvation effects in the electrochemical reduction of hydrogen cyanide for ambient ammonia production on a Ni cathode
Authors: Brennan Kevin , Watson Graeme W. , García-Melchor Max
Published: January 2024

Comparing solvation models on the HCNRR mechanism, we find explicit solvent molecules induce site-specific interactions, competing with surface interactions. This reveals new binding modes and intermediates, expanding our understanding.
Using BpyAla to generate copper artificial metalloenzymes: a catalytic and structural study
Authors: Klemencic E. , Brewster R. C. , Ali H. S. , Richardson J. M. , Jarvis A. G.
Published: January 2024

Changing the synthetic strategy to access artificial metalloenzymes containing Cu–bipyridine active sites, changes the enantioselectivity in a Friedel–Crafts alkylation.
Photocytotoxic kinetically stable ruthenium(ii)-N,N-donor polypyridyl complexes of oxalate with anticancer activity against HepG2 liver cancer cells
Authors: Sayala Juhi , Srivastava Ekta , Kumar Priyaranjan , Shukla Nitin , Kumar Ashok , Patra Ashis K.
Published: January 2024

A series of Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes [Ru(N^N)2(ox)] (1–3) containing oxalate (ox) were studied for their interactions with DNA and BSA, and their photocytotoxicity against HepG2 liver cancer cells mediated by ROS in green light is investigated.
Geometry and length control of 3D engineered heart tissues using direct laser writing
Authors: Karakan M. Çağatay , Ewoldt Jourdan K. , Segarra Addianette J. , Sundaram Subramanian , Wang Miranda C. , White Alice E. , Chen Christopher S. , Ekinci Kamil L.
Published: January 2024

Using two-photon direct laser writing, we developed a versatile platform to generate, scale, and study hiPSC-derived engineered heart tissues (EHTs) in various geometries, with the goal of promoting fiber alignment and maturation of the EHTs.
Deciphering potential vascularization factors of on-chip co-cultured hiPSC-derived cerebral organoids
Authors: Shaji Maneesha , Tamada Atsushi , Fujimoto Kazuya , Muguruma Keiko , Karsten Stanislav L. , Yokokawa Ryuji
Published: January 2024

The first global analysis of the cerebral organoid (CO) response to 3D microvasculature indicates elaborate crosstalk between COs and ECs and points out potential vascularization factors for brain organoid vascularization on a chip.
Carbon-based two-dimensional (2D) materials: a next generation biocidal agent
Authors: Talreja Neetu , Chuahan Divya , Ashfaq Mohammad
Published: January 2024

2D-Ms such as graphene, C3N4, and MXene have attracted significant attention due to their excellent physico-chemical properties, thereby extensively used in numerous applications including biocidal agents.
Soft-templated, mesoporous Co3O4 thin films for electrocatalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wu Qingyang , Mellin Maximilian , Lauterbach Stefan , Tian Chuanmu , Dietz Christian , Hofmann Jan P. , Einert Marcus
Published: January 2024

Mesoporous Co3O4 thin films, prepared by dip-coating and using Pluronic® F-127 as template, demonstrated improved OER activity compared to dense Co3O4 by providing high surface areas with increased concentration of catalytically active surface sites.
Iron-free mechanochemical limonene inverse vulcanization
Authors: Tedjini Rima , Viveiros Raquel , Casimiro Teresa , Bonifácio Vasco D. B.
Published: January 2024

Limonene inverse vulcanization, by a mechanochemical-assisted soft synthesis in a zirconium oxide reactor, occurs in a fast reaction time and produces soluble, high value, chiral oligosulfides.
Visualization of mechanochemical polymer-chain scission in double-network elastomers using a radical-transfer-type fluorescent molecular probe
Authors: Yamamoto Takumi , Takahashi Akira , Otsuka Hideyuki
Published: January 2024

Sacrificial bond cleavage in double-network elastomers was visualized by adding a diarylacetonitrile derivative as a radical-transfer-type fluorescent molecular probe.
Synthesis of α-ketothioamides with elemental sulfur under solvent-free conditions in a mixer mill
Authors: Sahu Chandan Chittapriya , Biswas Sourav , Hommelsheim Renè , Bolm Carsten
Published: January 2024

α-Ketothioamides are formed by a mechanochemical solvent-free Willgeroth–Kindler-type reaction starting from acetophenone derivatives, amines, and elemental sulfur.
Radical relay cyclization/C–C bond formation of allyloxy-tethered aryl iodides with quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones via polysulfide anion photocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Zhongyi , Zhou Yaqin , Wang Jiehui , Zhang Yicheng , Wang Lei , Liu Jie , Zhou Chao , Wang Min , Li Pinhua
Published: January 2024

A visible-light-induced radical relay cyclization/C–C bond formation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with allyloxy-tethered aryl iodides using polysulfide anions as a photocatalyst is described.
A palladium precatalyst for direct arylation polymerization
Authors: Mirabal Rafael A. , Buratynski Javan A. , Scott Ryan J. , Schipper Derek J.
Published: January 2024

This direct arylation pre-catalyst provides an active catalyst that operates efficiently at reduced loadings, yielding polymers with minimal defect levels.
Efficient stereoselective synthesis of aryl lactones using engineered ketoreductase ChKRED20 from Chryseobacterium sp. CA49
Authors: Shi Mingliang , Lin Rude , Yu Yuan , Yao Yao , Fan Xinyue , Li Kun , Wu Zhongliu , Yu Xiaoqi , Liu Yan , Wang Na
Published: January 2024

WT ChKRED20 which exhibits no activity towards γ,δ-keto esters was redesigned for reducing bulky keto esters to the corresponding lactones.
Hydrogen bond-promoted regio- and stereoselective synthesis of isoindoline derivatives through Pd-catalyzed isocyanide insertion reaction involving aziridines
Authors: Zheng Shuang , Fan Hao-Jie , Liu Shan-Shan , Xu Yang , Zhao Zhi-Wen , Kong Han-Han , He Ping , Wang Long , Ren Zhi-Lin
Published: January 2024

We have successfully demonstrated an efficient and practical Pd-catalyzed reaction between aziridine and isocyanide, leading to the synthesis of isoindoline derivatives in moderate to good yields.
Exploring the untapped pharmacological potential of imidazopyridazines
Authors: Malik M. Shaheer , Alshareef Hossa F. , Alfaidi Khalid A. , Ather Hissana , Abduljaleel Zainularifeen , Hussein Essam M. , Moussa Ziad , Ahmed Saleh A.
Published: January 2024

Imidazopyridazines are fused heterocycles, like purines, with a pyridazine ring replacing the pyrimidine ring in purines.
Aluminum-based ceramic/metal composites with tailored thermal expansion fabricated by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Wei Hui , Li Chuan , Xu Yan , Zhang Xu , Li Jing , Han Yang , Li Mingling , Xu Xiaoyong
Published: January 2024

High-density ZrW2−xMoxO8/Al composites containing 30 to 70 vol% Al were fabricated by SPS at 773–873 K. The CTEs of the ZrW2−xMoxO8/Al composites could be controlled from near-zero to positive simply by changing the volume fraction of Al.
Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking of novel nereistoxin derivatives containing phosphonates as insecticidal/AChE inhibitory agents
Authors: Yan Qiaoli , Lu Xiaogang , Wang Jin , Zhang Zixuan , Gao Runli , Pei Chengxin , Wang Hongmei
Published: January 2024

In continuation of our program aimed at the discovery and development of natural product-based insecticidal agents, a series of novel nereistoxin derivatives containing phosphonate were synthesized and characterized by 31P, 1H, 13C NMR and HRMS.
Investigating changes in students’ attitudes towards organic chemistry: a longitudinal study
Authors: Collini Melissa A. , Miguel Kristen , Weber Rebecca , Atkinson Molly B.
Published: January 2024

Though attitude has been linked to student performance in general chemistry, it is under-researched with relation to organic chemistry. The previous research that has been conducted on students’ attitudes towards organic chemistry has primarily occurred via quantitative approaches, with a current lack of qualitative approaches used to give robust insight into student experiences in organic chemistry. This work, a longitudinal study, builds on a previous qualitative study which investigated students’ attitudes using the Attitude Toward Organic Chemistry (ATOC) instrument. The aim of this study is to investigate how students’ attitudes towards organic chemistry change over time throughout the organic chemistry course sequence. Findings from two cohorts demonstrate that both students’ attitudes and the influences on those attitudes change over time in the course.
How uniform particle size of NMC90 boosts lithium ion mobility for faster charging and discharging in a cylindrical lithium ion battery cell
Authors: Anansuksawat Nichakarn , Sangsanit Thitiphum , Prempluem Surat , Homlamai Kan , Tejangkura Worapol , Sawangphruk Montree
Published: January 2024

Uniform particle size of high-nickel cathode materials boosts lithium-ion mobility in a cylindrical lithium ion battery cell.
A soft departure from jamming: the compaction of deformable granular matter under high pressures
Authors: Clemmer Joel T. , Monti Joseph M. , Lechman Jeremy B.
Published: January 2024

The high-pressure compaction of three dimensional granular packings is simulated using a bonded particle model (BPM) to capture linear elastic deformation.
High-entropy prussian blue analogs with 3D confinement effect for long-life sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Yichao , Jiang Ning , Yang Cheng , Liu Jiahe , Sun Shouyu , Wang Xinyu , Yang Jianhua , Liu Yu
Published: January 2024

By combining the benefits of high entropy (HE) and carbon wrapping (CW), HEPBAs@0.1C achieves excellent electrochemical performance and unprecedented stability in the ambient environment.
Coordination environment dominated catalytic selectivity of photocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen reduction over switchable gallium and nitrogen active sites
Authors: Zhuang Chunqiang , Li Weiming , Chang Yuan , Li Shijie , Zhang Yihong , Li Yuanli , Gao Junfeng , Chen Ge , Kang Zhenhui
Published: January 2024

Coordination environment dominated catalytic selectivity of the HER and OER with switchable active centers.
The synergetic effect of alginate-derived hydrogels and metal–phenolic nanospheres for chronic wound therapy
Authors: Li Donghai , Li Mengzhu , Wang Liangyu , Zhang Jie , Wang Xiaoyue , Nie Jun , Ma Guiping
Published: January 2024

A multifunctional hydrogel dressing is prepared using a matrix material with shape formation achieved within 60 seconds; excellent self-healing ability and rheological properties; self-regulated controlled release of loaded agents for antioxidant and antibacterial effects.
Correction: A high-throughput effector screen identifies a novel small molecule scaffold for inhibition of ten-eleven translocation dioxygenase 2
Authors: Palei Shubhendu , Weisner Jörn , Vogt Melina , Gontla Rajesh , Buchmuller Benjamin , Ehrt Christiane , Grabe Tobias , Kleinbölting Silke , Müller Matthias , Clever Guido H. , Rauh Daniel , Summerer Daniel
Published: January 2024

Correction for ‘A high-throughput effector screen identifies a novel small molecule scaffold for inhibition of ten-eleven translocation dioxygenase 2’ by Shubhendu Palei et al., RSC Med. Chem., 2022, 13, 1540–1548, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2MD00186A.
One-pot synthesis of benzofused 8-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes via GaCl3-mediated cyclocondensation of o-allylbenzaldehydes and 1,3-dicarbonyl synthons
Authors: Chang Meng-Yang , Lee Yan-Ling
Published: January 2024

GaCl3-mediated one-pot cyclocondensation of o-allylbenzaldehydes and 1,3-dicarbonyl synthons generates benzofused 8-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes in moderate to good yields in refluxing MeNO2 under easy-operational conditions.
Correction: Improving the performance of a SnS2 cathode with interspace layer engineering using a Na+ insertion/extraction method for aqueous zinc ion batteries
Authors: Molaei Aghdam Ali , Chahartagh Nima Mikaeili , Namvar Shahriar , Ershadi Mahshid , Ajdari Farshad Boorboor , Delfani Ehsan
Published: January 2024

Correction for ‘Improving the performance of a SnS2 cathode with interspace layer engineering using a Na+ insertion/extraction method for aqueous zinc ion batteries’ by Ali Molaei Aghdam et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12, 1047–1057, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TA05251F.
The role of mitochondrial RNA association for mitochondrial homeostasis in neurons
Authors: Segura Inmaculada , Harbauer Angelika
Published: January 2024

The sub-compartmentalization of cellular processes is especially important in highly polarized cells such as neurons, as their function rely on their complex morphology. The association of RNAs to the mitochondrial surface is a conserved feature from yeast to humans and it regulates several aspects of mitochondrial physiology and, hence, cellular functions. In neurons, mitochondria are emerging as platforms for RNA transport and local protein translation. In this review, we discuss how RNA localization to mitochondria helps to sustain mitochondrial function, and how this can support mitochondrial homeostasis, especially in the distal parts of the neuron, to support neuronal activity.
A Brief Intervention to Teach Parents Naturalistic Language Facilitation Strategies
Authors: Harrington Emily K. , Hadley Pamela A.
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

This proof of concept study assessed the feasibility of a novel approach to teaching parents naturalistic language facilitation strategies in a single session. We investigated whether parents could learn to use the See and Say Sequence, which integrated responsive and language modeling strategies and measured the impacts that this intervention had on features of their input.

Method:

Fourteen parent–child dyads participated in the study. Children ranged from 15 to 23 months of age and produced between three and 135 words. Five parents had concerns about their children's rate of language development. Parents were taught the See and Say Sequence during a brief single session (
M
= 18.98 min,
SD
= 2.65 min) using the Teach–Model–Coach–Review instructional process. We analyzed parents' use of the three See and Say Sequence components, total number of utterances, and mean turn length, as well as responsive and linguistic features of parent input before and after the brief intervention.

Results:

Following intervention, parents significantly increased their use of the three See and Say Sequence components and decreased their total number of utterances and mean turn length. In addition, the use of the See and Say Sequence components substantially altered the overall composition of parent input.

Conclusions:

The results of this preliminary study demonstrate the feasibility of the See and Say Sequence in teaching responsive and language modeling strategies in a single session. We discuss the potential use and future evaluation of the See and Say Sequence as an option for early intervention service delivery.
Narrative Discourse in Youth Offenders: Examining Individual Differences
Authors: Shirley Rhiannah , Silverman Claire , Tran Claire , Nippold Marilyn A.
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

This study examined narrative discourse in youth offenders, focusing on quality of story retelling, story comprehension, critical thinking, and the use of complex syntax.

Method:

The participants were 15 incarcerated adolescents, ages 13–18 years (
M
age
= 16 years). Each was evaluated at their detention center via Zoom, using a standardized language test and language samples that elicited narrative speaking with fables. After retelling a fable, the participant answered questions that examined story comprehension and critical thinking.

Results:

Most participants performed below average on the standardized language test and had difficulty on one or more of the language sampling measures. Areas of concern included quality of story retelling, story comprehension, critical thinking, and the use of complex syntax. Had language sampling not been employed, those weaknesses might have been overlooked.

Conclusions:

When evaluating youth offenders, it is important to elicit language samples that can provide detailed information about an adolescent's ability to communicate for genuine purposes. In this regard, the tasks employed in the current study could be helpful to speech-language pathologists in working with youth offenders, enabling them to pinpoint deficits and offer targeted intervention.
Step‐by‐step image enhancement method for PTZ‐camera based crack detection in expressways
Authors: Xia Zhiqiang , Shao Chunyan , Feng Xuezhi , Wang Huaiqiang
Published: January 2024

Cracks on highway pavement surfaces are among the most critical problems affecting expressway maintenance. A pan/tilt/zoom (PTZ) camera‐based crack detection method was proposed, owing to the intelligent traffic system (ITS) development of an expressway network in China. However, the quality of the crack image decreased at distant PTZ camera distances, resulting in a low mean average precision (MVP) for crack detection, which is difficult to implement in civil engineering. A weighted superposition‐based crack enhancement algorithm for crack detection was proposed to enhance crack images collected by PTZ cameras. Compared with the poor generalization ability of using a single image enhancement method, this method combines the advantages and characteristics of multiple image enhancement methods, thereby ensuring the quality of crack images. This enhances the visual characteristics of the cracks to adapt to various illuminations, thereby improving the crack detection rate and providing scientific and technological reserves for its application in highway maintenance engineering. Further comparison tests on crack detection for pavement crack images collected from the China G4/Jingshi Highway demonstrated that the proposed method was efficient in detecting is efficiently to detect cracks, achieving 96% MAP and 94% F1 values after enhancing the crack images, thereby providing an objective and promising means of crack detection using PTZ cameras.
Assessment on gas‐polyethylene terephthalate solid interface partial discharge properties of C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture for eco‐friendly gas insulating transformer
Authors: Xiao Song , Wang Yifan , Ren Chenhua , Xia Haoran , Zhao Yue , Qin Jingzi , Zhang Xiaoxing , Luo Yi , Li Yi
Published: January 2024

The eco‐friendly insulating gas perfluoroisobutyronitrile (C4F7N) is potentially used in gas‐insulated transformers (GIT) to replace sulphur hexafluoride (SF6). However, evaluation of the long‐term insulation reliability and gas–solid interface discharge decomposition characteristics of the gas–solid film insulation structure in GIT is indispensable. The authors simulated the gas–solid film insulation structure in GIT and explored the interface partial discharge (PD) characteristics of C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture with polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The effect of gas pressure, mixing ratio on gas–solid interface gas decomposition, PET degradation was investigated, and the interaction mechanism was analysed. It is found that the interface PD generated three degradation regions on a PET film. The gas–solid interface reaction in the electrode contact region and the discharge development trace was significantly higher than that of halation region. The content of gas decomposition products decreases with the increase of gas pressure and the PD intensity of SF6‐PET is inferior to that of C4F7N/CO2 under the same condition. Relevant results provide reference for the development and application of C4F7N/CO2 based GIT.
Star formation in G11.497-1.485: Two-epoch VLA study of a 6.7 GHz methanol maser flare
Authors: Bayandina O. S. , Burns R. A. , Caratti o Garatti A. , Kurtz S. E. , Moscadelli L. , Shakhvorostova N. N. , Sobolev A. M. , Tanabe Y. , Val’tts I. E. , Yonekura Y.
Published: January 2024

Context. Maser flares are particularly significant in the study of massive star formation as they not only signal but also provide unique insights into transient phenomena such as accretion bursts.

Aims. With this project, we aim to investigate the context of the ongoing 6.7 GHz methanol maser flare in the little-known massive star-forming region G11.497-1.485.

Methods We carried out two epochs of the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) observation for 6.7 GHz and 12 GHz class II methanol, 22 GHz water masers, and continuum in the C, Ku, and K bands.

Results. The VLA overview revealed the presence of five distinct radio-continuum sources (CM1-4 and N) in G11.497-1.485. The central source, CM1, is found to show signs of accretion disc fragmentation, highlighted by the centimetre-continuum-traced fragments, and is found to drive a high-energy jet, the ends of which are marked by non-thermal knots CM2 and CM3. CM1 showed a gradual flaring of methanol masers and a fading of a 22 GHz water maser, which might be signalling an accretion burst. The two remaining sources of the region, CM4 and N, make up one of the most compact jet and disc–jet systems found to date.

Conclusions. The obtained data reveal, for the first time, the structure of the G11.497-1.485 region. The change in fluxes of the maser and the continuum emission confirm a transient event and reveal its impact on multiple sources in the region.
Project Based Learning (PjBL) Model in Science Learning: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Misbah M. , Hakam A.B. , Qamariah  , Umar F. , Harto M. , Muhammad N.
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this research was described to gain comprehensive insight into Project Based Learning (PjBL) in science learning and find out the research topics that are being researched a lot at the moment. This research was carried out through bibliometric analysis using Scopus data sources, a total of 182 documents were obtained in the period 1994-2022. VOSviewer is used as a tool to image keywords, and the final research area in PjBL. The research results show that so far the number of publications regarding PjBL in science learning has fluctuated. The United States stands out as the leading country in terms of publication volume, with significant contributions from its authors and research institutions. An analysis of keywords indicates that, in the past two years, research on Project Based Learning has predominantly focused on topics such as physics, steam, integration, research methods, and junior high school education. This suggested bibliometric analysis offers valuable insights into the primary topics explored in the realm of Project Based Learning (PjBL) within the context of Science Learning.
An efficient two-grid high-order compact difference scheme with variable-step BDF2 method for the semilinear parabolic equation
Authors: Zhang Bingyin , Fu Hongfei
Published: January 2024

Due to the lack of corresponding analysis on appropriate mapping operator between two grids, high-order two-grid difference algorithms are rarely studied. In this paper, we firstly discuss the boundedness of a local bi-cubic Lagrange interpolation operator. And then, taking the semilinear parabolic equation as an example, we first construct a variable-step high-order nonlinear difference algorithm using compact difference technique in space and the second-order backward differentiation formula with variable temporal stepsize in time. With the help of discrete orthogonal convolution kernels, temporal-spatial error splitting idea and a cut-off numerical technique, the unique solvability, maximum-norm stability and corresponding error estimate of the high-order nonlinear difference scheme are established under assumption that the temporal stepsize ratio satisfies rk := τk/τk−1 < 4.8645. Then, an efficient two-grid high-order difference algorithm is developed by combining a small-scale variable-step high-order nonlinear difference algorithm on the coarse grid and a large-scale variable-step high-order linearized difference algorithm on the fine grid, in which the constructed piecewise bi-cubic Lagrange interpolation mapping operator is adopted to project the coarse-grid solution to the fine grid. Under the same temporal stepsize ratio restriction rk < 4.8645 on the variable temporal stepsize, unconditional and optimal fourth-order in space and second-order in time maximum-norm error estimates of the two-grid difference scheme is established. Finally, several numerical experiments are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed scheme.
Spontane femorale arterio-venöse Fistel bei einer 80-jährigen Patientin als Zufallsbefund
Authors: Stammler Frank
Published: January 2024

Einführung Spontane arteriovenöse Fisteln (AVF) sind im Gegensatz zu iatrogenen oder posttraumatisch bedingten Fisteln extrem selten und in der Literatur nur vereinzelt publiziert. Die Diagnose einer AVF kann eine Herausforderung darstellen, insbesondere, wenn es sich um einen Zufallsbefund handelt.

Anamnese Eine 80-jährige Patientin stellte sich wegen Schwellneigung des linken Beines bei Varikosis in unserer phlebologischen Sprechstunde vor. Seit Jahren bemerke sie zudem, dass der rechte Fuß kühler sei. Katheter-Untersuchungen über die Leiste seien nicht durchgeführt worden, an Leistenverletzungen könne sie sich nicht erinnern.

Untersuchung und Befunde Eine Stammvarikosis der Vena saphena magna bestätigte sich klinisch und sonografisch. Zudem wirkte bei erhaltenen peripheren Pulsen der rechte Fuß leicht kühler, jedoch nicht diskoloriert. Auskultatorisch imponierte an der rechten Leiste ein systolisch-diastolisches Maschinengeräusch, einhergehend mit palpablem Schwirren. Farbduplex-sonografisch bestand zwischen der A. femoralis communis (AFC) und der Vena saphena accessoria anterior (VSAA) ein grobes Farbmosaik im Sinne eines Aliasings („Konfetti-Phänomen“). Es konnte ein Fistelkanal zwischen der AFC und der VSAA mit hohen systolisch-diastolischen Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten dargestellt werden. Im Bereich der Crosse-nahen Vena femoralis communis lag eine pulsatile und turbulente Strömung vor.

Therapie und Verlauf Bei symptomatischer Stammvarikosis am linken Bein wurde eine endovenöse Laserablation durchgeführt. Unter ultraschallgesteuerter Kompression der afferenten Arterie und Fistel sistierte der Fistelflow nicht (negatives Auslöschphänomen). Die Patientin reagierte hinsichtlich eines vorgeschlagenen interventionellen Verschlusses der AVF zurückhaltend. In Verlaufskontrollen über mittlerweile 4 Jahre entwickelten sich keine Zeichen einer kardialen Insuffizienz oder kritischen Extremitätenischämie.

Diskussion Spontane femorale AVF stellen eine Rarität dar. Charakteristische klinische Befunde führen zu einem gezielten Einsatz der Farbduplex-Sonografie mit korrekter Interpretation der Artefakte, die ansonsten leicht übersehen werden können.
Kein Nice-to-have
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: January 2024

Das seit 2020 in Kraft getretene Pflegeberufegesetz hat erstmalig Vorbehaltsaufgaben für die Pflege gesetzlich verankert. Sie sind essenziell für die Selbstbestimmung sowie für die Eigenverantwortung des Berufes. Dennoch scheint es an der Umsetzung noch zu hapern.
Ein Schritt in die Zukunft?
Authors: Wuzel-Samimi Elena
Published: January 2024

Nach massiven Protesten wurde die Einführung der PPR 2.0 verschoben. Auch der Bundesverband Pflegemanagement sieht noch einige Herausforderungen – aber auch Chancen.
Aspergillus and the Lung
Authors: Janssens Iris , Lambrecht Bart N. , Van Braeckel Eva
Published: January 2024

The filamentous fungus Aspergillus causes a wide spectrum of diseases in the human lung, with Aspergillus fumigatus being the most pathogenic and allergenic subspecies. The broad range of clinical syndromes that can develop from the presence of Aspergillus in the respiratory tract is determined by the interaction between host and pathogen. In this review, an oversight of the different clinical entities of pulmonary aspergillosis is given, categorized by their main pathophysiological mechanisms. The underlying immune processes are discussed, and the main clinical, radiological, biochemical, microbiological, and histopathological findings are summarized.
Pulmonary Aspergillosis in People with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Schwarz C. , Eschenhagen P.N. , Mainz J.G. , Schmidergall T. , Schuette H. , Romanowska E.
Published: January 2024

In the last decade, fungal respiratory diseases have been increasingly investigated for their impact on the clinical course of people with cystic fibrosis (CF), with a particular focus on infections caused by Aspergillus spp. The most common organisms from this genus detected from respiratory cultures are Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus terreus, followed by Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus nidulans. These species have been identified to be both chronic colonizers and sources of active infection and may negatively impact lung function in people with CF. This review article discusses definitions of aspergillosis, challenges in clinical practice, and current literature available for laboratory findings, clinical diagnosis, and treatment options for pulmonary diseases caused by Aspergillus spp. in people with CF.
Statistical Evaluation of 231 Ears That Received Tympanic Membrane Perforation Closure Using Carbon Dioxide Laser and Collagen Sponge
Authors: Kuroda Kazuhiro , Kuroda Tatsuaki
Published: January 2024

The tympanoplasty technique reported by Yuasa et al, wherein autologous tissue is fixed to the perforated tympanic membrane using fibrin glue, is widely used. This technique has also led to the development of several simpler surgical methods using artificial materials not involving the use of fibrin glue. We used a carbon dioxide laser device (OtoLAM, Lumenis Be Japan Inc.) during tympanoplasty to refresh the perforation margin of the tympanic membrane and a collagen sponge with a silicone membrane (Terudermis, Alcare Inc.) as the closure material for tympanoplasty. OtoLAM is used to refresh the perforation margin in a short time. By simply fixing Terudermis to the perforated area using the attached silicone membrane, the surgery can be performed in a short time without the need for autologous tissue collection. For the past 9 years and 5 months, from June 2013 to November 2022, we used this method for tympanic membrane perforation closure in 231 ears. The closure rate after a single operation was not high (78/231; 33.8%) but significantly improved with multiple attempts (161/231; 69.7%). The advantages of this technique are that it is simple, can be performed quickly, is economical as it does not involve the use of fibrin glue, and there is no possibility of blood infection, eliminating the need for a detailed explanation to the patient.
An empirical analysis of SDG disclosure (SDGD) and board gender diversity: insights from the banking sector in an emerging economy
Authors: Mazumder Mohammed Mehadi Masud
Published: January 2024

There has been a recent surge in interest in academic research and public discourse surrounding the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study examines the level of SDG disclosure (SDGD) in Bangladeshi banking companies and explores its relationship with board gender diversity. An automated keyword search is applied to measure SDGD in the annual reports of publicly traded commercial banks. Based on agency, resource dependence, and stakeholder theories, this study hypothesises that a higher presence of female directors on the board is associated with greater commitment and contribution to SDGs, as evident in SDGD. The findings reveal a consistent increase in SDGD from 2015 to 2020 and confirm a significant positive relationship between board gender diversity and SDGD. The results remain consistent following robustness tests, including one-step and two-step system (dynamic) GMM estimations. Also, the study provides evidence that a critical mass of at least three female directors is necessary to establish a significant positive relationship between board gender diversity and SDGD. The implications of this study are twofold: firstly, it provides preliminary insights into the state of SDGD in the banking industry, which can inform regulators in assessing corporate engagement to SDGs and issuing disclosure guidance for the interest of the stakeholders. Secondly, the study highlights the importance of gender diversity on boards, as more female representation is associated with increasing SDGD. Such empirical findings imply that banking companies should consider appointing more female directors to their boards to advance SDG initiatives. Policymakers can utilise these findings to formulate regulations, particularly regarding the minimum number of female directors on corporate boards. This research contributes to the limited SDGD literature in the emerging economy context, offering insights into how board gender diversity is associated with SDGD.
Development and validation of a cryogenic far-infrared diffraction grating spectrometer used to post-disperse the output from a Fourier transform spectrometer
Authors: Anderson Alicia M. , Naylor David A. , Gom Brad G. , Buchan Matthew A. , Christiansen Adam J. , Veenendaal Ian T.
Published: January 2024

Recent advances in far-infrared detector technology have led to increases in raw sensitivity of more than an order of magnitude over previous state-of-the-art detectors. With such sensitivity, photon noise becomes the dominant noise component, even when using cryogenically cooled optics, unless a method of restricting the spectral bandpass is employed. The leading instrument concept features reflecting diffraction gratings, which post-disperse the light that has been modulated by a polarizing Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) onto a detector array, thereby reducing the photon noise on each detector. This paper discusses the development of a cryogenic (4 K) diffraction grating spectrometer that operates over the wavelength range of 285 to 500 μm and was used to post-disperse the output from a room-temperature polarizing FTS. Measurements of the grating spectral response and diffraction efficiency are presented as a function of both wavelength and polarization to characterize the instrumental performance.
Engineering advancements in microfluidic systems for enhanced mixing at low Reynolds numbers
Authors: Gande Vamsi Vikram , Podupu Prem K. R. , Berry Bianca , Nere Nandkishor K. , Pushpavanam S. , Singh Meenesh R.
Published: January 2024

Mixing within micro- and millichannels is a pivotal element across various applications, ranging from chemical synthesis to biomedical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. The inherent low Reynolds number flow in these channels often results in a parabolic velocity profile, leading to a broad residence time distribution. Achieving efficient mixing at such small scales presents unique challenges and opportunities. This review encompasses various techniques and strategies to evaluate and enhance mixing efficiency in these confined environments. It explores the significance of mixing in micro- and millichannels, highlighting its relevance for enhanced reaction kinetics, homogeneity in mixed fluids, and analytical accuracy. We discuss various mixing methodologies that have been employed to get a narrower residence time distribution. The role of channel geometry, flow conditions, and mixing mechanisms in influencing the mixing performance are also discussed. Various emerging technologies and advancements in microfluidic devices and tools specifically designed to enhance mixing efficiency are highlighted. We emphasize the potential applications of micro- and millichannels in fields of nanoparticle synthesis, which can be utilized for biological applications. Additionally, the prospects of machine learning and artificial intelligence are offered toward incorporating better mixing to achieve precise control over nanoparticle synthesis, ultimately enhancing the potential for applications in these miniature fluidic systems.
Broadband dual-comb hyperspectral imaging and adaptable spectroscopy with programmable frequency combs
Authors: Giorgetta Fabrizio R. , Deschênes Jean-Daniel , Lieber Richard L. , Coddington Ian , Newbury Nathan R. , Baumann Esther
Published: January 2024

We explore the advantages of a free-form dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) platform based on time-programmable frequency combs for real-time, penalty-free apodized scanning. In traditional DCS, the fundamental spectral point spacing, which equals the comb repetition rate, can be excessively fine for many applications. While fine point spacing is not itself problematic, it comes with the penalty of excess acquisition time. Post-processing apodization (windowing) can be applied to tailor the resolution to the sample, but only with a deadtime penalty proportional to the degree of apodization. The excess acquisition time remains. With free-form DCS, this deadtime is avoided by programming a real-time apodization pattern that dynamically reverses the pulse periods between the dual frequency combs. In this way, one can tailor the spectrometer’s resolution and update rate to different applications without penalty. We show the operation of a free-form DCS system where the spectral resolution is varied from the intrinsic fine 160 MHz up to 822 GHz by applying tailored real-time apodization. Because there is no deadtime penalty, the spectral signal-to-noise ratio increases linearly with resolution by 5000× over this range, as opposed to the square root increase observed for post-processing apodization in traditional DCS. We explore the flexibility to change resolution and update rate to perform hyperspectral imaging at slow camera frame rates, where the penalty-free apodization allows for optimal use of each frame. We obtain dual-comb hyperspectral movies at a 20 Hz spectrum update rate with broad optical spectral coverage of over 10 THz.
Imaging through scattering media via generative diffusion model
Authors: Chen Zhao Yun , Lin Bo Yu , Gao Song Yang , Wan Wen Bo , Liu Qie Gen
Published: January 2024

The scattering medium scrambles the light paths emitted from the targets into speckle patterns, leading to a significant degradation of the target image. Conventional iterative phase recovery algorithms typically yield low-quality reconstructions. On the other hand, supervised learning methods exhibit limited generalization capabilities in the context of image reconstruction. An approach is proposed for achieving high-quality reconstructed target images through scattering media using a diffusion generative model. The gradient distribution prior information of the target image is modeled using a scoring function, which is then utilized to constrain the iterative reconstruction process. The high-quality target image is generated by alternatively performing the stochastic differential equation solver and physical model-based data consistency steps. Simulation and experimental validation demonstrate that the proposed method achieves better image reconstruction quality compared to traditional methods, while ensuring generalization capabilities.
Self-similar unstart characteristics of supersonic contraction duct with an expansion corner
Authors: Tong Xiao-Tong , Yue Lian-Jie , Wu Wan-Nan , Zhang Qi-Fan , Chen Hao
Published: January 2024

Inlet unstart is detrimental to hypersonic airbreathing flights. By unstart, we mean the separation-induced collapse of a supersonic duct flow. The unstart characteristics of a two-dimensional contraction duct with an expansion corner are numerically investigated to develop a universal prediction method and to determine the unstart mechanism. The unstart boundaries under varying contraction angles, entrance heights, and Reynolds numbers are obtained by translating the cowl plate. A self-similar empirical equation of unstart boundary that unifies multiple variables is proposed through similarity analysis. To estimate the unstart boundaries of large-angle ducts, the alternative area ratio is presented. Three types of unstarts are identified according to the distribution of the unstart boundaries and the evolution mechanism of separation region: the long-cowl, transitional, and short-cowl unstart. The long-cowl unstart stems from the mass flow limit at the throat, while the other two unstarts stem from the separation region growth. The wall pressure criteria for unstart are correlated with the dimensionless cowl length and the characteristic separation scale in the critical state to facilitate unstart detection. Moreover, the self-similar compression intensity is proposed to characterize the maximum pressure increase induced by the unit effective area contraction in the started state.
The stability of bio-thermal Marangoni convection in a fluid layer containing oxytactic microorganisms
Authors: Abdullah Abdullah A. , Rashed Zenab Z.
Published: January 2024

The stability of bio-thermal Marangoni convection in a horizontal layer of fluid containing motile oxytactic microorganisms is investigated. The analysis of the instability caused by the upswimming of oxytactic microorganisms and by the temperature variation in the fluid layer is discussed using a linear stability analysis. The resulting equations of the problem are solved numerically using the Chebyshev spectral method. Results obtained showed that mode of instability can be either stationary or overstability depending on the range of the parameters’ values. Moreover, results showed that there is a correlation between the bioconvection Marangoni number and the thermal Marangoni number.
Metal anodes meet ionic liquids: An interfacial perspective
Authors: Jamil Rabia , Loomba Suraj , Kar Mega , Collis Gavin E. , Silvester Debbie S. , Mahmood Nasir
Published: January 2024

Ionic liquids (ILs) are nonvolatile, intrinsically conductive electrolytes with high thermal and electrochemical stability. They represent a fascinating yet-to-be-fully exploited electrolyte class that could be appropriate for metal anode batteries. Through their chemical design and structure modification, ILs are highly tunable electrolytes. Exploring the impact of their different structures on the anode/electrolyte interface allows the tailoring of ILs for post-Li-ion batteries. This comprehensive review gives an overview of the current challenges of different metal anodes, followed by a fundamental understanding of metal anode/electrolyte interface evolution in ILs in a coherent manner, highlighting the potential of ILs to address the specific problems of each type of metal anode. Electrochemical reactions—such as passivating film formation, metal deposition/stripping, dendritic growth—occurring at the metal anodes in IL-based electrolytes are openly debated, and how ILs can help to improve these phenomena is presented. Unanswered scientific questions on the nature of electrode/electrolyte coupling are identified. Finally, conclusions and perspectives are proposed regarding the development, limitations, and opportunities of metal anode/ionic liquid interfaces. This timely review will expose literature gaps and provide novel opportunities to exploit ILs in materials science and technology research.
Polarization mechanism in filled tungsten bronze Ba4Sm2Ti4Nb6O30 with pinched P–E hysteresis loops
Authors: Song Jia Wen , Wang Ying , Wu Shu Ya , Zhu Xiao Li , Chen Xiang Ming
Published: January 2024

Ferroelectric transition and polarization characteristics were explored for filled tungsten bronze Ba4Sm2Ti4Nb6O30 ceramics with pinched P–E hysteresis loops. Two dielectric permittivity peaks were observed at around 553 and 486 K on heating and cooling cycles, respectively, with a large thermal hysteresis (∼77 K), indicating the first-order ferroelectric phase transition behavior in the present ceramics. In addition, a low-temperature dielectric relaxation appeared at around 300 K, following the Vogel–Fulcher relationship, which is related to thermal activation related to the polarization in the ab plane. Pinched P–E hysteresis loops were detected in the temperature range of 293–453 K with two pairs of coercive fields, indicating certain polar reversal mechanism, while E1 corresponds to the reversal field needed for all the ferroelectric domains in the system, and E2 is the back switch field from the polar state to the nonpolar state. Therefore, (E1–E2)/2 is the effect coercive field for the polar domain induced by the field transition. Temperature dependence of the coercive fields E1, E2, and (E1–E2)/2 is fitted to the Vopsaroiu model with different activated energies obtained for different temperature ranges, based on which the polarization dynamics of the pinched hysteresis loops are discussed.
In situ cryptography in a neuromorphic vision sensor based on light-driven memristors
Authors: Hu Lingxiang , Shao Jiale , Wang Jingrui , Cheng Peihong , Zhang Li , Chai Yang , Ye Zhizhen , Zhuge Fei
Published: January 2024

Vision sensors are becoming increasingly ubiquitous, and they continuously collect, store, communicate, and process vast amount of sensitive data that are vulnerable to being stolen and misused. Existing cryptosystems based on complex cipher algorithms generally require extensive computational resources, making them difficult to use in vision sensors that have limited processing capabilities. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel in situ image cryptography scheme based on a neuromorphic vision sensor comprising all-optically controlled (AOC) memristors. Due to the unique light wavelength and irradiation history-dependent bidirectional persistent photoconductivity of AOC memristors, a visual image can be stored, encrypted, decrypted, denoised, and destroyed within a vision sensor. A decrypted image can be encoded in situ and then accurately recognized through a memristive neural network. Encrypted and destroyed images are capable of withstanding hacking attacks even with trained neural networks. Our cryptography scheme enables complete cryptographic operations entirely on a sensor and, therefore, effectively safeguards visual information. This work provides a simple yet efficient solution to the security challenges faced by vision sensors.
Rheology of amino-functionalized graphene oxide suspensions in hydrogels
Authors: Moraes Lorena R. da C. , Ribeiro Hélio , Andrade Ricardo J. E. , Naccache Mônica F.
Published: January 2024

This work investigates the effects of amino-functionalized graphene oxide (AFGO) suspensions on the rheological behavior of Carbopol® hydrogels at pHs 5, 7, and 9. The AFGO concentration and media pH were evaluated and related to the suspension's microstructure and rheology. Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were synthesized using the modified Hummers method and functionalized with triethylenetetramine via microwave-assisted reaction to produce AFGO. The nanosheets were characterized by different techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The suspensions were characterized by rheological tests through steady-state and dynamic flow, zeta potential, and cryo-SEM for microstructure analysis. All samples presented a viscoplastic behavior and were modeled by the Herschel–Bulkley equation. Concerning the base hydrogels, the sample prepared at pH 9 showed lower viscosity, yield stress, and elastic modulus. At all pHs, the increase in the nanosheet concentration promotes a drop in the yield stress, viscosity, storage, and loss moduli. The cryomicrographs showed the impact of pH on the base hydrogel structure. It was also possible to observe that increasing nanoadditive concentration affects the Carbopol microgel swelling and weakens the suspension microstructure.