bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A história vista pelas lentes das ciências sociais
Authors: Silva Roberto
Published: May 2021

O artigo propõe uma leitura da tese de doutorado de Celso Furtado, intitulada Economia colonial brasileira nos séculos XVI e XVII, defendida na Universidade de Paris em 1948. Embora seja considerado o trabalho mais historiográfico de Celso Furtado, argumentamos que seu contato com a história, nesse momento, foi orientado por questões colocadas pelas ciências sociais. Para tanto, examinamos alguns temas de sua tese indicando como a análise é inspirada por questões originadas da sociologia e da economia.
El desafío de la sustitución de importaciones de las categorías occidéntricas
Authors: Mallorquin Carlos
Published: May 2021

El texto propone subrayar aspectos importantes del pensamiento de Celso Furtado: su crítica y estrategia teórica para superar las categorías occidéntricas para pensar la economía. Cubre el período que inicia su trabajo en la Cepal en 1948 y ocupa los cargos públicos dentro del gobierno brasileño hasta los primeros meses de su exilio debido al golpe militar en 1964, cuando ya se puede hablar de la concepción estructuralista de la economía “furtadiana”. El surgimiento del pensamiento decolonial en la región tuvo uno de sus fundadores tempranamente en Furtado, aunque no siempre reconocido.
Navike pušenja i stavovi učenika u Medicinskoj i Ekonomsko-turističkoj školi u Karlovcu
Authors: Tomašić Sabina , Kosić Radoslav
Published: May 2021

Uvod: Pušenje je značajan javnozdravstveni problem, posebno u nerazvijenim i srednje razvijenim zemljama. Jedan je od najvažnijih uzroka obolijevanja. Ovisnost koja nastaje kod osoba koje redovito puše cigarete vrlo je jaka. Cilj istraživanja: Utvrditi učestalost pušenja duhanskih proizvoda među učenicima srednje škole medicinskog i ekonomskog usmjerenja . Ispitanici i metode : Ispitanici su učenici trećih i četvrtih razreda smjera medicinska sestra / medicinski tehničar iz Medicinske škole te smjera ekonomist iz Ekonomsko-turističke škole u Karlovcu. Korištena je anketa koja je izrađena za potrebe ovog rada. Za obradu podataka korištena je deskriptivna statistika i bivarijatna analiza. Rezultati: Rezultati pokazuju da od ukupnog broja ispitanika, njih 39,29 % konzumira duhanske proizvode, što znači da je učestalost pušenja cigareta u uzorku visoka, tj. svaki treći učenik puši cigarete. Broj pušača među učenicima Medicinske škole veći je u odnosu na učenike Ekonomsko-turističke škole (41,11 % prema 37,18 %). Ispitanici se uglavnom slažu da je pušenje štetno za njihovo zdravlje. Približno polovica (41,7 %) ispitanika ne zna zašto je počela pušiti cigarete, a 22,2 % ih puši zbog stresa. Učenici Medicinske škole smatraju da pušenje nikako ne povećava radnu sposobnost i osobno zadovoljstvo te da pušenje uzrokuje rak pluća što pripisuju većem broju konzumiranih cigareta. Zaključak : Budući da je iz istraživanja vidljivo da ispitanici koji su učenici dviju srednjih škola učestalo konzumiraju duhanske proizvode, potrebno je razmisliti o razvoju preventivnih programa koji bi mogli biti implementirani u razne školske i društvene sadržaje.
Ishrana u ranom djetinjstvu i rizik za astmu i alergijske bolesti
Authors: Šehić Merima , Koler Huzjak Mirjam , Strauss Maja
Published: May 2021

Uvod : Astma je kronična upala dišnih putova. Uzroci su alergije, virusne respiratorne infekcije i nadražujuće tvari iz zraka. Broj oboljelih povećava se, a pritom prednjače djeca. Ishrana majke tijekom trudnoće te ishrana djeteta u prvoj godini života imaju važan utjecaj na razvoj i tijek bolesti. Metode : Upotrijebljena je narativna analiza, pregled stručne i znanstvene literature. Pretraživanje literature temeljilo se na istraživačkom pitanju Kako ishrana u ranom djetinjstvu utječe na rizik za razvoj astme i alergijskih bolesti?. Rezultati: Analizom stručne literature utvrđeno je da ishrana majke ima važnu ulogu pri razvoju astme i alergijskih bolesti kod djece. Dokazi upućuju na to da je pravilno uravnotežena i raznolika ishrana važna za djetetovo zdravlje te da smanjuje rizik od nastajanja bolesti. Stručnjaci tijekom trudnoće ne preporučuju izbjegavanje određenih namirnica kao što su kikiriki, orasi i školjke, osim u slučaju ako je majka alergična na njih. Rasprava i zaključak: Zbog povećane učestalosti astme i alergijskih bolesti, osobito kod djece, potrebno je istaknuti važnost i utjecaj raznolike ishrane tijekom trudnoće te dojenja tijekom prvih šest mjeseci djetetova života. Različite dijete tijekom i nakon trudnoće te tijekom dojenja nisu se pokazale učinkovitima u sprječavanju razvoja astme i alergijskih bolesti kod djece.
Long‐Term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution Is Associated With 30‐Day Readmissions and Hospital Visits Among Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Ward‐Caviness, Cavin K. , Danesh Yazdi, Mahdieh , Moyer, Joshua , Weaver, Anne M. , Cascio, Wayne E. , Di, Qian , Schwartz, Joel D. , Diaz‐Sanchez, David
Published: May 2021

Background

Long‐term air pollution exposure is a significant risk factor for inpatient hospital admissions in the general population. However, we lack information on whether long‐term air pollution exposure is a risk factor for hospital readmissions, particularly in individuals with elevated readmission rates.

Methods and Results

We determined the number of readmissions and total hospital visits (outpatient visits+emergency room visits+inpatient admissions) for 20 920 individuals with heart failure. We used quasi‐Poisson regression models to associate annual average fine particulate matter at the date of heart failure diagnosis with the number of hospital visits and 30‐day readmissions. We used inverse probability weights to balance the distribution of confounders and adjust for the competing risk of death. Models were adjusted for age, race, sex, smoking status, urbanicity, year of diagnosis, short‐term fine particulate matter exposure, comorbid disease, and socioeconomic status. A 1‐µg/m
3
increase in fine particulate matter was associated with a 9.31% increase (95% CI, 7.85%–10.8%) in total hospital visits, a 4.35% increase (95% CI, 1.12%–7.68%) in inpatient admissions, and a 14.2% increase (95% CI, 8.41%–20.2%) in 30‐day readmissions. Associations were robust to different modeling approaches.

Conclusions

These results highlight the potential for air pollution to play a role in hospital use, particularly hospital visits and readmissions. Given the elevated frequency of hospitalizations and readmissions among patients with heart failure, these results also represent an important insight into modifiable environmental risk factors that may improve outcomes and reduce hospital use among patients with heart failure.
The voices of an alleged mute: sound emissions in a Tropidurus lizard
Authors: Fernandes Danilo Camargo , Passos Daniel Cunha
Published: May 2021

Although the major Squamata lineages are primarily oriented by chemical or visual sensory systems, many lizards are able to use acoustic information and several species produce sounds. However, while gekkotans are renowned by their complex vocal repertoires, sounds of other lizards are much less known. Herein we characterize the sounds emitted by individuals of Tropidurus catalanensis (Tropiduridae) from southeastern Brazil in response to threat stimuli. Our results revealed that the acoustic display was consistently emitted by adult individuals. The typical sound emission consisted of a single click, very short in duration, and without frequency modulation. This is the first report of sound emission by Tropidurus lizards, expanding the knowledge on the behavioural repertoire of the genus, and contributing to understanding the extension of sound emission in lizards.
A new species of the squat lobster genus Uroptychodes Baba, 2004 (Decapoda: Anomura: Chirostylidae) from Japan
Authors: KOMAI TOMOYUKI
Published: May 2021

A new species of the chirostylid squat lobster genus Uroptychodes Baba, 2004, U. fuscilineatus, is described and illustrated on the basis of a single ovigerous female from the Uraga Channel, central Japan, at depth of 250 m. The new species appears most similar to U. spinimarginatus (Henderson, 1885) and U. yapensis Dong, Gan & Li, 2021 among the 13 known congeners, but is notable in the pereopod 2 not being definitely more slender than the pereopods 3 and 4 and the remarkably spinose pereopods 1–4. A possible association of the new species with crinoid is suggested. An updated identification key to species of Uroptychodes is presented.
An Intervention-Related Comparison of Preschoolers’ Scores on the TGMD-2 and TGMD-3
Authors: Palmer Kara K. , Chinn Katherine M. , Scott-Andrews Katherine Q. , Robinson Leah E.
Published: May 2021

This study compared preschoolers’ fundamental motor skills (FMS) on the Test of Gross Motor Development 2nd and 3rd editions (TGMD-2 and TGMD-3) before (pretest) and after (posttest) a motor skill intervention. This study also compared FMS changes (TGMD raw and percentile scores for total score, and locomotor and object control/ball subscales) across the intervention when FMS were measured using the two editions. Sixty-four preschoolers ( Mage = 4.4, SD = 0.44 years) completed the TGMD-2 and TGMD-3 before and after a motor skill intervention. We determined the level of agreement between assessments using intra-class correlations (ICC), Lin’s Concordance Correlation Coefficient, and Bland-Altman plots. Overall, our results support an acceptable relative agreement between the TGMD-2 and TGMD-3 for raw scores, but there were variable strengths of agreement (by subscales) for percentile scores. Both assessments supported the efficacy of the intervention. This consistent demonstration of efficacy but varied strength of agreement suggests that the TGMD-2 and TGMD-3 are similar but not interchangeable.
Living with a hernia: A qualitative study of patient experience of abdominal wall hernias in Ndola, Zambia
Authors: Ljungstrom Elin , Chibwe Felix , O’Brien Catherine , Musowoya Joseph , Grimes Caris E
Published: May 2021

Despite hernias being one of the most common surgical problems in low and middle income countries, very little is known about the impact that having a hernia has on the quality of life of patients in these settings. We performed a pilot study to understand how living with a hernia impacts on the quality of life. Twelve semistructured interviews were performed. A number of themes were identified. These demonstrated the significant impact on physical health, ability to work, psychological health and social relationships. Further work is required to better understand the patient perspective and ensure that hernia operations improve quality of life in these settings.
Pressure to be Thin from a Religious Source Increases Perceived Pressure to be Thin in Women
Authors: Crone Travis S. , Rivero Anisleidys
Published: May 2021

Pressure to be thin through thin-idealization norms is something that women contend with daily in today’s world. Increased research has explored the effects this pressure can have on attitudes about the self. Religious beliefs and behaviors have been linked to decreased perceived pressure and positive body attitudes and behaviors. However, religious beliefs and behaviors have also been linked to negative outcomes in this area. This study explores the impact of pressure to be thin from a religious source. One hundred fifty-three women were either presented with pressure statements from a religious source, a family/friend source, or read no pressure statements. Women who read religious pressure statements reported more pressure to be thin than those in the control or family/friend pressure conditions.
Effect of Pretreatment Dysphagia on Postchemoradiation Swallowing Function in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Cates Daniel J. , Evangelista Lisa M. , Belafsky Peter C.
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for head and neck cancer can have profound effects on swallowing function. Identification of risk factors for development of swallowing dysfunction after CRT may improve allocation of preventive strategies. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between pre‐CRT dysphagia and post‐CRT swallowing dysfunction.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Academic medical center.

Methods

Patients with head and neck cancer were evaluated before and 3 months after CRT. Dysphagia was assessed with the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT‐10). Swallowing dysfunction was evaluated by a videofluoroscopic swallow study and the Penetration‐Aspiration Scale and swallowing safety was evaluated by the Functional Oral Intake Scale. The association between pre‐CRT EAT‐10 scores and post‐CRT swallowing dysfunction was evaluated.

Results

The mean ± SD post‐CRT Functional Oral Intake Scale score was 6.5 ± 1.2 for individuals with a pre‐CRT EAT‐10 score <3 and 5.3 ± 1.9 for those with a pre‐CRT EAT‐10 score ≥3 (P <. 001). The mean post‐CRT Penetration‐Aspiration Scale score was 2.2 ± 1.5 for individuals with a pre‐CRT EAT‐10 score <3 and 3.8 ± 2.6 for those with a pre‐CRT EAT‐10 score ≥3 (P <. 001). After multivariate analysis adjusting for age, tumor subsite, T classification, and primary surgery, pre‐CRT dysphagia (EAT‐10 ≥3) was an independent predictor of post‐CRT aspiration (odds ratio, 4.19 [95% CI, 1.08‐16.20]; P =. 04) and feeding tube dependence (odds ratio, 3.54 [95% CI, 1.01‐12.33]; P =. 04).

Conclusion

The presence of dysphagia before chemoradiation for head and neck cancer is an independent predictor of swallowing dysfunction after completion of therapy. These results may help target intervention toward preventing swallowing dysfunction in high‐risk individuals.
Two cases of tuberculous retropharyngeal abscess in adults
Authors: Xu Xiaofeng , Hu Xue
Published: May 2021

Retropharyngeal abscess (RPA) is an acute or chronic deep neck tissue infection. Tuberculous RPA is chronic and extremely rare in adults. A 20-year-old female patient visited the local hospital due to cough and sputum. The sputum smear was positive for acid-fast staining, and lung computed tomography (CT) indicated pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The patient received the standard regimen of isoniazid+rifampicin+pyrazinamide+ethambutol (HRZE) for 6 months. After HRZE, pulmonary symptoms improved, but some pharyngeal discomfort remained. In another case, a 25-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital because of a mass on the left side of his neck. Lymph node TB was considered after a puncture biopsy. Lung CT showed no obvious abnormality. After HRZE for 5 months, the mass had progressively enlarged. Both patients underwent B-ultrasonography-guided puncture, and Xpert® MTB/RIF of the abscess was positive and rifampin-sensitive. Tuberculous RPA was diagnosed and treated with isoniazid+rifampicin (HR) for 12 months. After combination anti-TB therapy and surgical drainage, both patients fully recovered. Tuberculous RPA is rare in adults; because of pharyngeal symptoms or progressive enlargement of a neck mass with anti-TB treatment, clinicians need to suspect tuberculous RPA in adults, which is treated with anti-TB therapy and surgery.
Emergency amputation necessitated within 24 hours by a human bite: a case report
Authors: Zhu Guozheng , Zeng Canjun , Yuan Song , Li Runguang
Published: May 2021

We herein review and analyze the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of a severe infection caused by a human bite. A 68-year-old man was bitten on the forearm by a 3-year-old child. Rapid progression of infection, severe local and systemic poisoning, and diverse clinical manifestations were observed at presentation. Based on the medical history, physical signs, imaging examinations (X-ray films, color Doppler ultrasound, and computed tomography), laboratory examinations, and multidisciplinary consultation, the patient was diagnosed with gas gangrene or gas gangrene-like changes. Twenty-four hours after the injury, an emergency amputation was performed (open amputation with wound closure after 1 week). After the operation, the patient was sent to the intensive care unit for isolation and further anti-infection and anti-shock treatments. His condition gradually improved after treatment and he was discharged without further complications. Bacteriological and pathological examinations indicated Aeromonas hydrophila infection leading to extensive necrotizing fasciitis of the limb and severe systemic poisoning. In addition, pre-existing myelodysplastic syndrome progressing to acute myeloid leukemia was identified as a possible predisposing factor. Human bites can cause serious infections requiring timely treatment, particularly in patients with predisposing comorbidities.
Spinal cord injury by direct damage during trigger point injection: a case report
Authors: Kim Jong Bum , Chang Min Cheol
Published: May 2021

Trigger point injection (TPI) is commonly administered for myofascial pain syndrome management, but occasionally leads to complications, including bleeding, muscle hematoma, vasovagal syncope, skin infections, and pneumothorax. This report presents a case of TPI-induced iatrogenic spinal cord injury (SCI). A 59-year-old woman received TPI for myofascial pain on both thoracolumbar paraspinal muscles. She experienced an electric shock sensation throughout the lower extremities upon receiving blind TPI in the left thoracolumbar paraspinal muscle, and later complained of weakness (manual muscle test grade: 0–2) and neuropathic pain (numeric rating scale [NRS]: 7) in the lower left extremity. Thoracolumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 3 days after the TPI revealed a high-intensity T2 signal in the left T12 to L2 spinal cord segments, indicating the presence of edema or inflammation in this region. In concordance with the MRI findings, electrophysiological recordings performed 11 days after the TPI revealed no central motor conduction time response in the left leg. At 7 months post-onset, the patient had partially recovered motor function and neuropathic pain was reduced to NRS 4. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of needle-induced SCI during paraspinal muscle TPI; imaging guidance may be helpful for accurate needle targeting during the procedure.
Toward an Intersectional Psychological Science of Reproductive Norms: Generating Research Across the Natalism Spectrum
Authors: Fikslin Rachel A.
Published: May 2021

Pronatalism is the belief system that encourages parenthood and reproduction, supporting the notion that a woman’s value is rooted in her ability to give birth to and parent children. Pronatalist expectations are disproportionately applied to high-status women in the United States, prescribing not only that women are supposed to reproduce, but which women are supposed to reproduce. Those who deviate from this hegemonic idea of a prototypical mother may disproportionately encounter antinatalist norms that prescribe that they should not bear or parent children. In the present article, I advocate for an intersectional psychological study of reproductive norms across the natalism spectrum, grounded in interdisciplinary insights and an understanding of systems of power and oppression. I discuss three common areas of interdisciplinary research related to reproductive norms: (a) pronatalism as a limit to women’s freedom, (b) racism and the control of Black women’s reproduction, and (c) queer perspectives on reproduction. Informed by intersectionality and stigma frameworks, I propose a generative model and six research questions that serve as a research agenda for the psychological study of reproductive norms across the natalism spectrum.
Diversity in Representations and Voices of Terminally Ill People in End-of-Life Documentaries
Authors: Hakola Outi J.
Published: May 2021

Background: The 21st century has seen a proliferation of end-of-life documentary films and television documentaries that contribute to building a public image of hospice and palliative care. The way in which terminally ill patients are represented in these documentaries creates impressions of who is welcomed to receive end-of-life care. These documentary representations have not been previously mapped. Methods: Using quantitative content analysis, I analyzed 35 contemporary Western documentaries and studied their diversity in the representations. I focused on terminally ill patients who are given time and space in the narration to voice their views about the end-of-life process. I paid attention to such elements as gender, race and ethnicity, age, class, religion and sexuality. Results: The documentaries welcomed the representations and voices of terminally ill people. Class, religion and sexuality often had a marginal role in narration. The gender diversity of the representations was quite balanced. Regarding age, the documentaries preferred stories about working age patients for dramatic purposes, yet all age groups were represented. However, the documentaries had an identifiable racial and ethnic bias. With a few exceptions, terminally ill who had a personal voice in the narrations were white. In comparison, racial and ethnic minorities were either absent from most of the documentaries, or their role was limited to illustrations of the general story. Conclusions: End-of-life documentaries provide identifiable access to the patients’ experiences and as such they provide emotionally and personally engaging knowledge about hospice and palliative care. While these representations are people-oriented, they include racial disparities and they focus mostly on the experiences of white terminally ill patients. This bias reinforces the misleading image of hospice and palliative care as a racialized healthcare service.
Healthcare leadership ethics: Time for some formal training
Authors: Ilse Renate
Published: May 2021

Clinical ethics and clinical ethics supports, particularly regarding resource allocation and end-of-life decisions, are well developed in our healthcare system and in most hospitals; this is not the case for the broader category of leadership ethics. Most health managers and executives regularly need to make leadership decisions/choices that require ethical reflection. Without formal training, regular practice, and broad discussion on this issue of leadership ethics, Canadian hospital leaders are increasingly finding their decisions questioned and often end up in the headlines after being judged as failing to make the ethical grade. This article discusses the importance leadership ethics in today's healthcare environment, examines some of the complex ethical challenges created by the current healthcare context and external environment, and then presents an argument for more formal and mandatory leadership ethics education for executives and other health leaders.
UV-curable hyperbranched polyester sealant with tunable mechanical properties
Authors: Jiao Yan , Chu Lili , Zhu Miaomiao , Wei Yingqi , Wang Weicai , Wang Huaiming , Wang Hui
Published: May 2021

Different types of wounds have different requirements of a wound sealant. One of the requirements of concern is the adaptability of the mechanical properties of biomaterials to native tissues. However, the mechanical properties of current sealant are untunable or adjustable in a small range normally. Therefore, the scope of application of these sealant is limited. In this study, we developed hyperbranched polyester (HBP)-based UV-curable sealant with tunable mechanical properties. This sealant was cured under UV-light for 2 minutes and exhibited strong adhesion with tissues. The shear adhesive strength of it to the porcine skin ranged between 20–30 kPa, which was higher than the fibrin glue (∼10 kPa). Moreover, the elastic modulus of the sealant in a tensile test ranged between 27–54 MPa, depending on the degree of acrylation of the HBPs. Additionally, we assessed the biocompatibility of the sealant by co-culturing it with mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) for 7 days and discovered that the cell viability was unaffected. This sealant with a tunable elastic modulus might be a promising candidate for treating wounds with different elastic moduli.
Conceptualizing Mobility Inequality: Mobility and Accessibility for the Marginalized
Authors: Hidayati Isti , Tan Wendy , Yamu Claudia
Published: May 2021

The burgeoning landscape of literature on mobility inequalities has led to discrepancies between a conceptual understanding of mobility inequalities and its implementation in planning practice. Reviewing 270 publications across five decades, this article identifies intrinsic and extrinsic factors and approaches for understanding and analyzing mobility inequality. Using two thought experiments to critically locate variations in factors and approaches, dilemmas and challenges in addressing mobility inequality for the marginalized are exposed. The article concludes with future research directions for investigating mobility inequality.
Multi-objective optimization of a morphing structure incorporating shape memory alloy actuators
Authors: Machairas Theodoros T , Saravanos Dimitris A
Published: May 2021

Morphing technology aims to improve the performance of structural components by drastically altering their shape in response to conflicting operational requirements. Thus, achieving the optimum operation of morphing structures is a rather challenging task which includes non-linear effects associated with the large deformations and rigid body motions, the actuator performance and the interactions between active and passive components. In this paper a formal optimization procedure is developed to provide the optimal design of a morphing structure with shape memory alloy actuators. The optimization of the morphing structure is formulated as a multi-objective problem aiming to concurrently optimize the passive structural components and the actuators. Subsequently, a multi-level optimization scheme is presented and implemented. Case studies prove the capability of the multi-objective optimization framework to produce robust designs of the morphing structure that simultaneously improve all performance metrics. Furthermore, it is illustrated that the proposed multi-level optimization scheme may produce similar optimal designs, compared with the conventional aggregate optimization scheme, but with significant computational gains.
What Leaders Say versus What They Do: Inclusive Leadership, Policy-Practice Decoupling, and the Anomaly of Climate for Inclusion
Authors: Mor Barak Michàlle E. , Luria Gil , Brimhall Kim C.
Published: May 2021

Inclusion is increasingly recognized as a critical leadership issue, yet research points to effectiveness variability among diversity and inclusion initiatives, indicative of potential policy-practice decoupling. Drawing on climate theory, we develop supervisors’ inclusive leadership and climate for inclusion and introducing CEO’s inclusive leadership and group diversity as moderators. To gain a deep understanding of decoupling, we use a multilevel approach and include in our model both top level leadership (CEOs), where espoused policies are determined, and group level leadership (supervisor), where enacted behaviors are experienced. We offer a novel perspective on climate theory for inclusion, which we have identified as “the anomaly of climate for inclusion.” Unlike other organizational climate facets, inclusion climate is shaped not only by the shared experiences of group members but also by their identities. Individuals from minority or underrepresented groups might experience decoupling in ways that are similar to other members from the same identity group even if they belong to different work groups. Our model, therefore, explains the process in which leaders create inclusive climate and point to boundary conditions in the process. We focus on two climate indicators: climate level and climate strength, and indicate that both are essential for understanding inclusion climate. Our conceptual model suggests that truly inclusive leaders would succeed at minimizing policy-practice coupling as perceived by all group members, not just historically dominant or high-status members. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Fondaparinux Pre-, Peri-, and/or Postpartum for the Prophylaxis/Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism (FondaPPP)
Authors: Dempfle Carl-Erik , Koscielny Jürgen , Lindhoff-Last Edelgard , Linnemann Birgit , Bux-Gewehr Irene , Kappert Günther , Scholz Ute , Kropff Stefan , Eberle Sonja , Bramlage Peter , Heinken Andreas
Published: May 2021

We analyzed data for women who received fondaparinux for ≥7 days during pregnancy. The study retrospectively included women who received fondaparinux pre-, peri- and/or postpartum for ≥7 days for prophylaxis/venous thromboembolism (VTE) treatment at German specialist centers (2004-2010). Data on pregnancy, VTE risk factors, anticoagulant treatment, pregnancy outcome and adverse events were extracted from medical records. 120 women (mean age 31.5 years) were included. Among 84 women with prior pregnancies, 41.0% had ≥1 abortion. Anticoagulation was indicated for prophylaxis in 92.5% cases, including 82.5% women with an elevated VTE risk (82.8% thrombophilia, 34.2% VTE history). All women received low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) as first-line therapy; 3 also unfractionated heparin. Treatment changed to fondaparinux, due to heparin allergy (41.7%) or heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (10.0%). Fondaparinux was generally well tolerated. Adverse events included bleeding events (n = 5), abortion (n = 2), premature births (n = 2), stillbirth (n = 1), arrested labors (n = 2), injection site erythema (n = 4) and unspecified drug hypersensitivity (n = 6). No VTE events or increased liver enzymes occurred during treatment. In this retrospective study, fondaparinux was effective and well tolerated. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01004939.
Effects of pulsed ultrasound treatment on the physicochemical and textural properties of chicken myofibrillar protein gel
Authors: Hu Xin , Wang Jingyu , Sun Lilu , Zhang Wanpeng , Zhang Yuan , Liu Xiaoli , Lan Wei
Published: May 2021

This study explored the effects of varying the time of pulsed ultrasound (PUS) treatment on the physicochemical and textural properties of chicken myofibrillar protein (CMP) gel. The solubility rapidly increased at ≤ 6 min and then steadily decreased, while the particle size showed the opposite trend. At longer PUS treatment times, the total sulfhydryl（–SH）and reactive SH content of CMP gel all decreased. The absolute value of the zeta potential and surface hydrophobicity at 6 min were higher. The most hydrogen bonds were formed. G′ and G″ were also optimal, indicating that a more viscoelastic gel was formed. Meanwhile, the textural properties (including hardness and springiness) were significantly improved by PUS. These findings show that PUS significantly affected the physicochemical and textural properties of CMP gel, and at 6 min, the best gel hardness and springiness were achieved.
Transformative Service Initiatives: Enabling Access and Overcoming Barriers for People Experiencing Vulnerability
Authors: Boenigk Silke , Kreimer Aaron A. , Becker Annika , Alkire Linda , Fisk Raymond P. , Kabadayi Sertan
Published: May 2021

Transformative service initiatives (TSIs) refer to activities by organizations (public, private, nonprofit) or volunteers to serve people experiencing vulnerabilities, including long-term challenges (e.g., refugees, homeless people, undocumented immigrants, ex-convicts) and try to improve their well-being. To advance the concept of TSI, this study proposes a 3A (Awareness, Alignment, Access) Integration Process Framework that can facilitate empirical tests of whether participation in TSIs affects people’s access to critical services. The empirical evidence affirms a positive influence of TSI participation on two TSR outcomes (application and access to higher education), according to data from a longitudinal study of 2,068 refugees (Study 1) that relies on propensity score matching and regression analysis. Study 2 uses qualitative data from six focus groups and identifies 16 barriers to successful refugee integration; it also identifies four individual strategies to overcoming those integration barriers. From academic and public policy perspectives, the findings demonstrate that efforts to plan and implement TSIs should follow a stepwise process to achieve the intended transformative outcomes. These findings can help academic, public policy, and civil society actors design and implement TSIs in various contexts to benefit people experiencing vulnerability.
Digital heuristics: How parties strategize political communication in hybrid media environments
Authors: Schäfer Andreas
Published: May 2021

This article proposes the concept of digital heuristics to model and explain political communication strategies in the complex environment of hybrid media systems. Insights from recent psychological and political research on heuristic decision-making are combined with literature on the current structural context and features of online communication in order to make the case for a heuristics-oriented approach to political communication strategies. I argue that despite the growing importance of data analytics, in increasingly dynamic and uncertain communication environments, political actors mainly design their strategies according to simple rules (heuristics) that rely on selective information (as well as trial and error) rather than to complex models. Analyzing interviews with communication managers from major political parties in Germany and the United Kingdom, I identify and conceptualize two types of digital heuristics in use: hybridity-based and algorithm-based. The article concludes with considerations for a future research agenda using the concept of digital heuristics.
Home-in-migration: Some critical reflections on temporal, spatial and sensorial perspectives
Authors: Fathi Mastoureh
Published: May 2021

This paper critically reviews some recent scholarly contributions on the topic of home in migration. The recent scholarship on home in migration regards it as a process rather than a status. This process is being understood as situated and intersectional. The paper theoretically draws on two complexities of home in migration literature: A: the contradictions inherent in the concepts of home and migration (one referring to settlements and the other movements); and B: to the struggles of migrants in relation to belonging and recognition (as part of the process of home-making). Three directions that home in migration literature is taking is identified: spatial home-making, temporal, and embodied practices. It is argued that whilst the first is well argued in the scholarship, the latter two need further research and reflection.
On the (mis)classification of paid labor: When should gig workers have employee status?
Authors: Halliday Daniel
Published: May 2021

The emergence of so-called ‘gig work’, particularly that sold through digital platforms accessed through smartphone apps, has led to disputes about the proper classification of workers: Should platform workers be classified as independent contractors (as platforms typically insist), or as employees of the platforms through which they sell labor (as workers often claim)? Such disputes have urgency due to the way in which employee status is necessary to access certain benefits such as a minimum wage, sick pay, and so on. In addition, classification disputes have philosophical significance because their resolution requires some foundational account of why the law should make a distinction between employed and freelance workers in the first place. This paper aims to fill this foundational gap. Central to it is the idea that employment involves a worker ceding certain freedoms in return for a degree of security, at least with respect to income. Insofar as the misclassification objection has force against digital platforms, it is when a platform is attempting to have it both ways: Workers are giving up freedom but not being granted a proportionate increase in security. As I shall explain, this approach offers some flexibility as to how actual disputes might be resolved – justice may be indifferent between whether platforms offer greater security or permit workers greater freedom, provided they do at least one of these things.
A novel intelligent inspection robot with deep stereo vision for three-dimensional concrete damage detection and quantification
Authors: Yuan Cheng , Xiong Bing , Li Xiuquan , Sang Xiaohan , Kong Qingzhao
Published: May 2021

Crack assessment of reinforced concrete structures using stereo cameras is a potential way for increasing the efficiency and safety of infrastructure maintenance routines. However, existing damage methods for reinforced concrete structures are based on the segmentation of two-dimensional planes without consideration to the actual size of concrete damage. Furthermore, on-site structural monitoring requires the installation of a large number of contact-based sensing devices, resulting in the potentially excessive consumption of time and financial resources. Therefore, a new vision-based damage assessment method for reinforced concrete structures using a novel intelligent inspection robot with Internet of things–enabled data communication system is proposed in this article. In the first part of this article, the data acquisition system of the inspection robot and the algorithm for three-dimensional structural reconstruction using a stereo camera is discussed. The discussion is followed by a description of the method for crack quantification based on a new proposed deep-learning technique. Finally, to accomplish damage localization, the quantified concrete damage with actual size information is projected onto a three-dimensional surface point cloud reconstruction of the inspected structure. To verify the proposed method, a reinforced concrete column that has undergone cyclic loading failure is used as an inspection subject. The validation experiment demonstrated the ability of the proposed system to segment, localize, and quantify the damage in three-dimensional space with high accuracy.
Experiences of post-traditional students in age-diverse student affairs preparation programmes
Authors: Witkowsky Patty , Ferguson Nicole
Published: May 2021

The value of lifelong learning and alterations in course delivery modes and programme structures of graduate education to include evening and weekend coursework have increased the presence of multiple generations in educational settings ( Sánchez & Kaplan, 2014 ). In a number of fields, such as business and public administration, age diversity in graduate education is common. Historically, for student affairs preparation programmes (SAPPs), however, age diversity was still not consistently seen across programmes. However, as age diversity increases in SAPPs as programmes restructure to appeal to students with a variety of life experiences, opportunities to embrace intergenerational learning become available. This qualitative study explored the experiences of 13 post-traditional master’s degree students in SAPPs across the U.S. to understand their experiences in a multigenerational academic programme and how they navigate generational difference. Three themes emerged: honouring lived experiences in the educational experience, generational differences in understanding diversity and social interactions across generations in a community of learners. Recommendations for SAPP faculty to negotiate generational differences in learning spaces are provided.
Toward a Culture of Health in the United States: Introducing the HPP Arts in Public Health Supplement
Authors: Sonke Jill , Rodríguez Lourdes , Valerio-Shewmaker Melissa A.
Published: May 2021

The arts—and the arts and culture sector—offer fertile ground for achieving a culture of health in the United States. The arts and artists are agents of change and can help enable this vision and also address the most critical public health issues we are contending with, including COVID-19 and racism. The arts provide means for engaging dialogue, influencing behaviors, disrupting paradigms and fueling social movements. The arts uncover and illuminate issues. They engage us emotionally and intellectually. They challenge assumptions. They call out injustice. They drive collective action. They heal—making arts + public health collaboration very relevant in this historic moment. In this special Health Promotion Practice supplement on arts in public health, you’ll find powerful examples and evidence of how cross-sector collaboration between public health and the arts can advance health promotion goals and impacts, and make health promotion programs not only more accessible to diverse populations but also more equitable and effective in addressing the upstream systems, policies, and structures that create health disparities. You will see how the arts can empower health communication, support health literacy, provide direct and measurable health benefits to individuals and communities, and support coping and resilience in response to COVID-19. This issue itself exemplifies cross-sector collaboration, as it was created through partnership between Health Promotion Practice, the Society for Public Health Education, ArtPlace America, and the University of Florida Center for Arts in Medicine, and presents voices from across the public health, arts, and community development sectors.
Artists on the Research Team: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Team Science, Research Rigor, and Creative Dialogue
Authors: Springs Stacey , Baruch Jay
Published: May 2021

In an arts in public health research team, artists may be undervalued as key research collaborators because of the difficulties in skillful integration of experts who possess not only different bodies of knowledge but also different ways of examining and valuing the world. Under the stewardship of two Rhode Island state agencies, an innovative research-driven enterprise, comprising researchers, clinicians, and community artists, was brought together to integrate arts-based interventions into statewide public health policy and practice. Here, we examine our work with the Rhode Island Arts and Health Advisory Group as a case study to illuminate our experiences in collaborating with artists on public health policy and practice research. Using existing frameworks from the literature, we define the attributes of, and challenges to, successful research collaborations and identify from our work how these apply to interdisciplinary collaborations between artists and public health practitioners. To support others working at the nexus of arts in public health, we include key experiences that were specific to the engagement of artists in research teams.
Dance as Lifeline: Transforming Means for Engagement and Connection in Times of Social Isolation
Authors: Kelly Maria Portman , Leventhal David
Published: May 2021

Over the past 20 years, dance has emerged as a safe, effective, and evidence-based community intervention that helps thousands of people living with Parkinson’s disease around the globe maintain well-being and improve quality of life. From its initial emergence to the present, COVID-19 has posed fundamental challenges to people living with Parkinson’s, forcing them to balance the need and desire to stay active and socially connected with the requirement to adhere to strict shelter-at-home orders. As cities and towns worldwide began shutting down in early 2020, people living with Parkinson’s found themselves unable to access live dance activities that had provided consistent, reliable physical support; joyful cognitive stimulation; emotional connection; and social engagement. Government sanctioned closures and stay-at-home orders increased the potential for apathy, isolation, anxiety, and stress—factors that are already heightened in people with Parkinson’s. COVID-19 also exacerbated disparities based on race, language, socioeconomic background, and age, inequities already present in the Parkinson’s community and in Parkinson’s-focused dance programming. In this article, the authors provide a description and analysis of ways one dance for Parkinson’s program addressed multiples challenges through three key initiatives: online group classes in English and Spanish, telephone-based resources for people without internet access, and robust online training opportunities for teaching artists. The authors outline ways in which the pandemic has increased the inclusive nature of dance for Parkinson’s programming and suggest that changes implemented during the pandemic will permanently alter program delivery for the better when it is safe to restore group classes in community settings.
Designing a Graphic Novel: Engaging Community, Arts, and Culture Into Public Health Initiatives
Authors: Febres-Cordero Sarah , Sherman Athena D. F. , Karg Joseph , Kelly Ursula , Thompson Lisa M. , Smith Kylie
Published: May 2021

The opioid epidemic was declared a national public health emergency in 2017. In Georgia, standing orders for the opioid antagonist, naloxone, have been implemented to reduce mortality from opioid overdoses. Service industry workers in the Atlanta, Georgia, inner-city community of Little Five Points (L5P) have access to naloxone, potentially expanding overdose rescue efforts in the community setting. To explore the issues facing L5P, our research brings together qualitative descriptive inquiry, ethnography, community-based research, a community advisory board, and a local artist to maximize community dissemination of research findings through a graphic novel that describes encountering an opioid overdose. This format was chosen due to the ethical responsibility to disseminate in participants’ language and for its potential to empower and educate readers. This article describes the process of working on this study with the community and a local artist to create sample pages that will be tested for clarity of the message in a later phase. Working with an artist has revealed that while dissemination and implementation for collaboration begin before findings are ready, cross-collaboration with the artist requires early engagement, substantial funding, artist education in appropriate content, and member checking to establish community acceptability altering illustrations that reinforce negative stereotypes. By sharing the experiences of actions taken during an opioid overdose in L5P through a graphic novel, we can validate service industry workers’ experiences, acknowledge their efforts to contribute to harm reduction, and provide much-needed closure to those who encounter opioid overdoses in the community.
Are Foreigners at Disadvantage in a Global Labor Market?
Authors: Pastoriza David , Plante Jean-François , Lakhlef Nadjib
Published: May 2021

We find evidence that being a foreigner decreases the chances of surviving (i.e., keeping the license) on the first season on the PGA TOUR. This phenomenon does not affect all foreigners equally—it is present amongst the non-elite group (those playing the second-tier tour), but we found no evidence amongst the elite group (those playing the first-tier tour). We discover that the international experience acquired by foreigners in other circuits prior to their arrival on the PGA TOUR mitigates this disadvantage. Not keeping the card has hazardous financial consequences for both the golfer and the corporations whose products he endorses.