bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SIMULATION OF THE PROCESS OF MANAGING STABILITY OF A TRANSPORT COMPANY
Authors: Tabachnikova Ekaterina Viktorovna
Published: June 2017

In management, the modeling method is widely used, which allows to formalize and streamline the process under investigation, to identify problems and to determine the ways to solve them. The problem of adaptation and ensuring sustainability is relevant for economic entities that carry out various activities in the conditions of both the emerging and the already formed market. The stability of the enterprise as a socio-economic system is defined as the ability to preserve the characteristics of an economic entity and ensure the successful fulfillment of the main objective function. For example, for a cargo transportation company, the objective function is to carry out transport work for the carriage of goods. As part of the study of the process of enterprise sustainability management, it is advisable to differentiate the main category, highlighting such types of sustainability as functional, social, financial, economic and environmental. In turn, achieving the sustainability of all the aspects under consideration is an indispensable condition for overall sustainability and, as a result, sustainable development of the enterprise. The process of enterprise sustainability management is presented in the form of a model consisting of two blocks, structural elements of which reflect the complexity and features of the management object. At the same time, special attention should be given to the block of formation of the organizational and methodological base of the model, which presupposes the choice of methods for managing sustainability, the formation of a system of indicators of sustainability and the effectiveness of management of sustainability, etc. In addition, the model provides for clarifying the principles of management, allowing to take into account the specifics of the business. When building the model, it is recommended to use the data obtained as a result of the survey of workers in the industry, as well as the normative and recommended values of individual indicators used in assessing the sustainability of the enterprise through the magnitude of its potential. Building a model allows to create an enterprise management view of the hierarchy of management tasks, how their decisions affect the management object, how the managed organization adapts to changes in the external environment, and what is the basis for adjusting management decisions.
Educated young women’s employment decisions in Egypt: A qualitative account
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Public Policy and Administration Department.The American University in Cairo, Barsoum Ghada
Published: June 2017

Despite decades of increased access to education, women’s conspicuous absence from the labour market in Egypt, and the Middle East in general, has been the focus of a large body of research. These studies have often focused on the role of culture and the regional political economy trajectory in curbing the potential of women’s participation in the labour market. This study seeks to address the interplay of social policies, family and culture in defining women’s employment decisions in Egypt. Building on the stock of evidence on women’s employment in Egypt, this study provides qualitative data through in-depth interviews with both married and unmarried working women in Egypt to explicate this process. In their own voices, the study documents the torrent of challenges educated women face as they venture into the labour market. Single women highlighted job scarcity and job quality challenges pertaining to low pay, long hours, informality, and workplace suitability to gender norms as key challenges. For married working women, the conditions of the work domain are dwarfed by the other challenges of time deprivation and weak family and social support. The paper highlights women’s calculated and aptly negotiated decisions to either work or opt out of the labour market within this complex setting. The analysis emphasises the role of social policies in the domains of employment, social security, housing and education in this process; and how inhospitable working conditions and compromised support often make opting out a sensible decision. This, in turn, augments regressive values of female domesticity. The paper urges serious discussion of women’s employment as an area for policy action not just culture.
ANALISIS DAN PERENCANAAN KEBUTUHAN POMPA UNTUK MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN AIR BERSIH PDAM TIRTA TARUM KARAWANG CABANG TELUKJAMBE SEPULUH TAHUN YANG AKAN DATANG
Authors: Sumarjo Jojo , Arbi A Arsal , Dirja Iman
Published: June 2017

Dengan pertambahan jumlah penduduk yang semakin pesat mengakibatkan meningkatnya kebutuhan manusia akan air bersih. Seiring meningkatnya penduduk Karawang khususnya Kecamatan Telukjambe Timur sebagai wilayah yang dianalisis yang mengakibatkan kebutuhan air meningkat pula, sementara itu sarana air bersih dari PDAM masih terbatas, maka diperlukan suatu analisis perencanaan pompa untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih sehingga kebutuhan air bersih dapat terpenuhi sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat. Dalam penelitian ini didapatkan kebutuhan air bersih untuk masyarakat Telukjambe Timur dan kebutuhan air bersih untuk fasilitas-fasilitas yang ada di Kecamatan Teluk Jambe Timur maka jumlah kebutuhan keseluruhan, yaitu 324,34 l/s dan ditambah dengan faktor keamanan 64,66 l/s (20%) maka jumlah total kebutuhan yaitu 389 l/s. Sedangkan untuk kapasitas air yang dapat diproduksi PDAM Tirta Tarum Karawang Cabang Telukjambe yaitu 150 l/s. Maka dari itu PDAM Tirta Tarum  Cabang Telukjambe harus melakukan penambahan debit air sebesar 239 l/s. dan untuk mengatasi kekurangan debit air masyarakat Kecamatan Telukjambe Timur maka direncanakan menggunakan pompa utama sebayak 4 buah dan pompa cadangan 2 buah. Dari perhitungan yang telah dilakukan maka diperoleh kapasitas pompa yaitu sebesar 100 l/s, dengan head total pompa 30,3 m, dan daya pompa 53,5  kW.
PEMANFAATAN PLASTIK DARI REJEK INDUSTRI KERTAS UNTUK BAHAN BAKAR (Utilization of Plastics Reject of Paper Industry for Fuel)
Authors: Setiawan Yusup , Purwati Sri , Surachman Aep , Bastari I. W. Reza , Pramono Kristaufan Joko
Published: June 2017

Utilization of reject plastic pellet of paper mill which is waste paper as the raw material has been carried out. Making of reject plastic pellet was consisted of wet shredded process of reject using shredded machine, separation process of plastic and fiber with filtration process, and drying process of wet shredded plastic using centrifugal drainer machine and sun-drying. Dried shredded reject plastic was then formed plastic pellet using pellet machine. Plastic pellets produced has diameter of around 10 mm and a length of about 10-15 mm. Plastic pellets were analyzed for proximate analysis (moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon contents). In addition, it was also tested for calorific value, sulfur content, ash mineral content and the ash fusion temperature (AFT). The results indicate that the reject plastic pellets have a high calorific value (7,207-8,730 cal/g), low sulfur content (0.14 to 0.17%), low ash mineral content, and the Ash Fusion Temperature (AFT) above the operating temperature of the boiler (900oC). Reject plastic pellets in the amount of 4.25% of production capacity could potentially be used as a coal substitution for fuel boiler of paper mill with a low propensity of slagging and fouling in the boiler.Keywords: coal, paper mill, pellets, plastic, reject, fuel   ABSTRAKPenelitian pemanfaatan pelet plastik rejek industri kertas berbahan baku kertas bekas telah dilakukan. Pembuatan pelet plastik dari rejek meliputi tahapan proses pencacahan rejek secara basah menggunakan mesin pencacah, proses pemisahan cacahan plastik dan serat dengan proses penyaringan, dan proses pengeringan cacahan plastik rejek basah menggunakan mesin peniris sentrifugal dan panas sinar matahari. Cacahan plastik rejek kering selanjutnya dibentuk pelet plastik menggunakan mesin pelet. Pelet plastik yang dihasilkan berdiameter 10 mm dengan panjang sekitar 10 – 15 mm. Pelet plastik dari rejek dianalisis proksimat (kadar air, kadar abu, kadar zat terbang dan kadar karbon padat). Selain itu, pelet dianalisis juga nilai kalor, kadar sulfur, kadar mineral abu dan Ash Fusion Temperature (AFT). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pelet plastik dari rejek memiliki nilai kalor tinggi (7.207 – 8.730 kal/g), kadar sulfur rendah (0,14 – 0,17%), kadar mineral abu rendah, dan Ash Fusion Temperature(AFT) di atas suhu operasi boiler (900oC). Pelet plastik rejek sebanyak 4,25% kapasitas produksi berpotensi dapat digunakan sebagai substitusi batubara bahan bakar boiler industri kertas dengan kecenderungan terjadinya slagging dan fouling dalam boiler rendah.Kata kunci : batubara, industri kertas, pelet, plastik, rejek, bahan bakar
Effect of Work Zone Lighting on Drivers’ Visual Performance and Perceptions of Glare
Authors: Bhagavathula Rajaram , Gibbons Ronald B.
Published: June 2017

Nighttime crashes at work zones are major concerns for construction workers and motorists. Although in a majority of the U.S. states, department of transportation specifications for work zone lighting mention that contractors should reduce glare for workers and drivers, only two states advocate detailed specifications like light positions, orientation, and light levels. Although some studies have examined the impact of glare from work zone lights on workers and others have calculated veiling luminance levels for drivers in the work zone, the effect of work zone lighting on drivers’ visual performance and glare perception has never been studied in a realistic setting. The goal of this study was to understand the impact of commercially available portable light towers (metal halide, LED, and balloon) and their orientation on drivers’ visual performance and their perceptions of glare. Participants drove through a realistic work zone simulated on the Virginia Smart Road. Visual performance was assessed by a detection task and perception of visibility and glare were assessed by questionnaires. Results indicated that the type of light tower and its orientation affect visual performance and perceptions of visibility and glare. Light towers aimed toward the driver resulted in lowering drivers’ visual performance, both objectively and subjectively. When the light towers were aimed away from or perpendicular to the driver, the visual performance was higher and the differences in visual performance between the types of light towers were minimal. These findings indicate that these orientations should be preferred for work zone light towers.
Risk Assessment of Morbidity and Mortality in the Neonatal Transport
Authors: Da Silva Geane Estevam , De Souza Nilba Lima , Saraiva Cecília Olívia Paraguay de Oliveira , Da Nóbrega Edualeide Jeane Pereira Bulhões , Da Silva Maria de Lourdes Costa , De Oliveira Samara Isabela Maia , Diniz Mileny Sousa Onofre
Published: June 2017

Neonatal transport is related to risk, which destabilizes the clinical condition of the newborn. This study aimed to present the assessment of risk of morbidity and mortality of the NB during the inter- and intra-hospital transport in accordance with the TRIPS and ERTIH-Neo scores. Cross-sectional study, descriptive and retrospective, held in the year 2014 in a maternity School, located in Rio Grande do Norte. The data were from the record of 57 transports performed with newborns in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The collected data were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis through absolute and relative frequencies. The results of the TRIPS was possible in only 26% of the population, the majority of the scores were higher than 10. As for intra-hospital transport, there was a predominance of newborns who had obtained a score between 16 and 20. It was concluded that the realization of transport involved risks of neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Concepções de cultura no ensino de línguas: reflexões para a formação professores
Authors: Salomao Ana Cristina Biondo
Published: June 2017

A crescente comunicação intercultural por meio das tecnologias digitais no mundo atual nos faz refletir sobre a necessidade de repensarmos a relação entre língua, cultura e sociedade na formação de professores de línguas. Neste artigo, discutiremos alguns dos resultados de uma pesquisa qualitativa conduzida no contexto do projeto ‘Teletandem Brasil’, da Unesp, em um curso de formação continuada para professores de língua estrangeira da rede pública. Os resultados evidenciam a tendência dos professores de tratar cultura como um conjunto de conhecimentos sobre os produtos, práticas e perspectivas de um povo, geralmente associados a um estado-nação homogêneo, estanque e isento de conflitos. Os impactos de tais resultados para a formação de professores de línguas apontam para a necessidade de uma revisão da base de conhecimentos de tal formação no que se refere ao ensino e à aprendizagem de cultura em sala de aula de língua estrangeira, a fim de dissociá-lo da ideia de um corpo homogêneo, fixo e transparente de conhecimentos.
Precorrected-FFT Accelerated Singular Boundary Method for Large-Scale Three-Dimensional Potential Problems
Authors: Li Weiwei , Chen Wen , Fu Zhuojia
Published: June 2017

This study makes the first attempt to accelerate the singular boundary method (SBM) by the precorrected-FFT (PFFT) for large-scale three-dimensional potential problems. The SBM with the GMRES solver requires computational complexity, where N is the number of the unknowns. To speed up the SBM, the PFFT is employed to accelerate the SBM matrix-vector multiplication at each iteration step of the GMRES. Consequently, the computational complexity can be reduced to . Several numerical examples are presented to validate the developed PFFT accelerated SBM (PFFT-SBM) scheme, and the results are compared with those of the SBM without the PFFT and the analytical solutions. It is clearly found that the present PFFT-SBM is very efficient and suitable for 3D large-scale potential problems.
Changing Resident Physician Studying Behaviors: A Randomized, Comparative Effectiveness Trial of Goal Setting Versus Use of WOOP
Authors: Saddawi-Konefka Daniel , Baker Keith , Guarino Anthony , Burns Sara M. , Oettingen Gabriele , Gollwitzer Peter M. , Charnin Jonathan E.
Published: June 2017

Background 

Following through on one's goals to study is essential for effective, self-regulated learning. This can be difficult for residents because of clinical demands and limited personal time. WOOP (Wish, Outcome, Obstacle, Plan) is a self-regulation strategy, also known as mental contrasting with implementation intentions. WOOP increases follow-through on goals in many domains, although it has not, to our knowledge, been evaluated in medical education.

Objective 

We compared the effect of WOOP versus goal setting on time residents spent studying.

Methods 

Through a prospective, randomized, comparative effectiveness study, during a 1-month, intensive care unit rotation, we clustered anesthesiology residents in single-blind fashion to WOOP versus goal setting. Both groups received organized study materials. The intervention group performed WOOP to study more; the comparison group set goals to study more. Residents tracked studying with daily diaries. The primary outcome was total time spent studying toward stated goals. Time spent studying “non-goal” medical material was a secondary outcome.

Results 

Of 34 eligible residents, 100% participated. Sixteen residents were randomized to the WOOP group and 18 to the goal-setting group. The WOOP group spent significantly more time studying toward their goals compared with the goal-setting group (median = 4.3 hours versus 1.5 hours; P = .021; g = 0.66). There was no significant difference in time spent studying non-goal medical material between groups (median = 5.5 hours versus 5.0 hours, P = .99).

Conclusions 

WOOP increased the time residents spent studying toward their goals as compared with setting goals alone.
The Role of Industry Based Learning in a Construction Management Program
Authors: Hardie Mary , Love Philip
Published: June 2017

Increasingly university administrations are questioning the value of industry experience during a construction management undergraduate program. It is suggested that such work experience is difficult for academics to assess. It may also be unavailable to some students and not closely related to formal learning outcomes. As a result there is pressure to remove the requirement from the graduation eligibility process at many universities. For those who believe that an understanding of the industry context is critical to the development of a construction graduate, there is a need to provide evidence of the breadth and effectiveness of industry experience undertaken by undergraduates. Such evidence may be gleaned from the documents provided by students to support their completion of the required amount of industry experience. Logbooks and employer letters from the last four years at one university were examined and encoded using NVIVO9™ text analysis software. The resulting data indicates that current students are employed throughout the industry in a wide variety of roles and in many types of companies. There is some evidence that the type of experience gained in top tier companies is qualitatively different from that gained elsewhere. There is no indication that student employment is clustered at the low skilled end of the spectrum. Indeed, there is evidence that some students gain positions of considerable responsibility well before they graduate with an undergraduate degree. As such it may well be worth consideration that a specific hierarchy of industry roles be established for students to aim for during their study period. This research suggests that this question merits further discussed between industry advisors and academic providers.
The Impacts of Housing Affordability on Social and Economic Sustainability in Beijing
Authors: Wang Zhimin , Hoon Jung , Lim Benson
Published: June 2017

China has undergone significant housing price growth since its 1998’s policy reformation – triggering housing affordability issues in large cities such as Beijing and Shanghai. Although studies have been done to investigate Chinese cities’ housing market policies, it appears that hitherto little is known about the effect of housing affordability on the cities’ social and economic sustainability. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationships among housing affordability, macro-economic performance and socio-demographic trends in Beijing. Under this aim, the specific objectives are to: examine Beijing’s housing market performance, housing affordability, economic development and socio-demographic trends; and model the relationships among housing affordability, economic performance and socio-demographic trends in Beijing. Twelve years of retrospective census data from National Bureau of Statistics of China were collated and analysed. The results show that economic growth is positively influenced by housing affordability. However, it is shown that low level of housing affordability could lead to economic and social un-sustainability. This research informs urban planners and researchers about the effect of housing affordability on a nation’s urban economic and social development, offering a new plausible insight towards developing a sustainable housing market.
Volatility in Construction: Different Dimensions and Types of Changes
Authors: Wang Zhuoyuan , Lim Benson T.H , Kamardeen Imriyas
Published: June 2017

Effective change management has been touted as the next strategic weapon for competitiveness. The aim of this paper is to investigate the dimensionality of changes in construction. Under this aim, the specific objectives are to: define and classify the types of changes; and operationalize the types of changes. The literature review reveals that changes in construction could categorise along five dimensions: time; need; effect; process; and environment. Each dimension comprises at least two different types of changes. The identified dimensions and types of changes will be tested in the next stage of a research project, and thereafter the empirical findings will attempt to provide industry practitioners in-depth insights into different constituents of change that could affect their business operation.
Understanding the Building Certification System: A Need for Accreditation Reform
Authors: Maund Kim , Sher Willy , Naughton ROsemary
Published: June 2017

The building and construction industry makes a major contribution to the New South Wales (NSW) economy, with an annual input of 7.6% during 2010 that is projected to rise to 8.4% in 2020. Irrespective of the sector’s growth potential, it is experiencing a severe skills shortage across a range of professions including building certification. Interestingly, the certification sector and the regulatory environment in which it operates is yet to receive rigorous attention in academia and industry. In the context of NSW, the role of the accredited certifier is multifaceted and involves confirming that building work complies with environmental planning controls and the National Construction Code. The Building Professionals Board (BPB) is the statutory body responsible for accrediting these professionals. The BPB is partnering with the University of Newcastle to ameliorate the current skills shortage through the development of an evaluation instrument regarding: certifiers seeking to upgrade to a higher level of accreditation but who do not have a recognised qualification and/or are unable to obtain the practical experience relevant to progression; and associated professionals who, although not accredited, wish to become a certifier but lack the recognised qualifications and/or experience.The proposed evaluation instrument will incorporate a mix of current technologies and approaches to address the current and likely future demographics of certifiers, and their preparedness to engage with and access novel IT technologies. This paper introduces the current certification environment and the technologies proposed to structure the evaluation instrument. Keywords: Key Words: construction, building surveying, accreditation, education, assessment.
A Passive Rotary System for Seismic Risk Mitigation of Steel Structures
Authors: Chan Ricky , Wong Peter
Published: June 2017

This paper presents a novel bracing system designed for earthquake risk mitigation for steel structures. It involves a rotary system which a Chebyshev linkage connected to the ground and the building frame. Upon earthquake excitation, movement of structure floor slabs causes a rotational motion in the disc. Displacement-based dampers are installed between the rotary system and the ground which damp the structural vibrations. The system amplifies the travel of the dampers and efficiency is enhanced. In addition, the cross-brace members are always in tension, permitting the use of very slender sections. The paper first reviews the governing equations of the system, followed by a physical model demonstration. A 3-degree-of-system model with the proposed rotary system was subjected to simulated ground shaking. Acceleration on top floor was measured. Results demonstrated that proposed system effectively supresses the vibrational characteristics of the structure, and represents a viable and inexpensive solution to mitigate seismic risks.Keywords: Earthquake engineering, passive energy dissipation
Gestionar más allá de los límites de la empresa individual: una oportunidad para obtener ventajas competitivas
Authors: Alfalla-Luque Rafaela , Medina-López Carmen
Published: June 2017

Cuando un cliente adquiere un producto está finalizando un proceso que se inició hace días, meses o años y que comenzó con la obtención de las materias primas. Hasta ese acto de compra toda la secuencia de actividades realizadas y todo el valor añadido al producto han debido ser adecuadamente gestionados. La empresa no debería perder el control de su producto hasta que éste no llega a su destinatario final. Por tanto, limitar la gestión únicamente a lo que ocurre dentro de nuestra empresa implica, muy posiblemente, perder oportunidades de conseguir ventajas competitivas sostenibles. Si tenemos en cuenta el fenómeno de la globalización, el rápido desarrollo de las tecnologías, el incremento de los costes logísticos y el aumento de la competencia, parece claro que, cada vez con mayor intensidad, las organizaciones no compiten entre sí de forma individual, sino como parte de la cadena de suministro en la que están inmersas. Por ello, este trabajo se centra en analizar la gestión de ese flujo de materiales e información, que va desde el proveedor de materia prima hasta el consumidor final, así como sus retornos: la Gestión de la Cadena de Suministro.
A Bizarre Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation – Case Report and Review of Similar Hand Lesions Recorded Since 1983
Authors: Killian Miroslav , Tarabčáková Lenka , Vaňatka Radovan , Mečiarová Iveta , Zamborský Radoslav
Published: June 2017

Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP) is an unusual lesion mostly affecting the bones of the hand. The mass grows from the bone surface and consists of cartilaginous, osseous and fibrous tissue. The lesion is commonly under/misdiagnosed and confused with other lesions, mostly the osteochondromas. We present a patient with BPOP that initially confused the practitioner and radiologist in their diagnosis. We discuss the clinical, radiologic and histologic characteristics of BPOP of the hand since its first report in 1983 and present its main differential diagnosis. We reviewed 184 cases. Female were affected in 52% and male in 48%. Pro ximal phalanges were most commonly affected, followed by middle phalanges and metacarpals. Pain was reported in 47,9 % of all reported papers. The most common surgical treatment was by excision, and the rate of recurrence was 47.3%.
Os Estudos de Tendências Enquanto Disciplina Acadêmica
Authors:   Universidade de Lisboa, Cohen Suzana Amarante de Mendonça
Published: June 2017

Esta é uma entrevista com o Prof. Dr. Nelson Pinheiro Gomes, da Universidade de Lisboa, sobre os Estudos de Tendências enquanto área acadêmica. Trata-se de uma nova disciplina, que encontra-se em fase de sedimentação. O professor discorre sobre o seu percurso acadêmico, da moda até chegar ao estudo de tendências socioculturais, assim como sobre o que busca nesta disciplina em termos de práticas internacionais e consolidação da área. O entrevistado dá sua opinião sobre o nascimento de tendências, a importância da análise do DNA Cultural de uma sociedade no que diz respeito às tendências e a aplicação prática desta área de estudos. Por fim, dá um parecer sobre a posição de Lisboa no contexto atual dos Estudos de Tendências.
The biochronology and palaeobiogeography ofBaru(Crocodylia: Mekosuchinae) based on new specimens from the Northern Territory and Queensland, Australia
Authors: Yates Adam M.
Published: June 2017

New records of the Oligo–Miocene mekosuchine crocodylian,Baru, from Queensland and the Northern Territory are described.Baru wickeniandBaru darrowiare accepted as valid species in the genus and their diagnoses are revised. Both species are present in Queensland and the Northern Territory but are restricted in time, withB. wickeniknown from the late Oligocene andB. darrowifrom the middle Miocene. The broad geographic distributions and restricted time spans of these species indicate that this genus is useful for biochronology. The record ofB. wickenifrom the Pwerte Marnte Marnte Local Fauna in the Northern Territory establishes that the species inhabited the north-western margin of the Lake Eyre Basin (LEB) drainage system. More southerly Oligo–Miocene sites in the LEB contain only one crocodylian species,Australosuchus clarkae. The Pwerte Marnte Marnte occurrence ofB. wickeniindicates that the separation ofBaruandAustralosuchusdid not correspond with the boundaries of drainage basins and that palaeolatitude was a more likely segregating factor.
Influence of local production and vertical transport on the organic aerosol budget over Paris
Authors: Janssen R. H. H. , Tsimpidi A. P. , Karydis V. A. , Pozzer A. , Lelieveld J. , Crippa M. , Prévôt A. S. H. , Ait‐Helal W. , Borbon A. , Sauvage S. , Locoge N.
Published: June 2017

We performed a case study of the organic aerosol (OA) budget during the MEGAPOLI campaign during summer 2009 in Paris. We combined aerosol mass spectrometer, gas phase chemistry, and atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) data and applied the MXL/MESSy column model. We find that during daytime, vertical mixing due to ABL growth has opposing effects on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and primary organic aerosol (POA) concentrations. POA concentrations are mainly governed by dilution due to boundary layer expansion and transport of POA‐depleted air from aloft, while SOA concentrations are enhanced by entrainment of SOA‐rich air from the residual layer (RL). Further, local emissions and photochemical production control the diurnal cycle of SOA. SOA from intermediate volatility organic compounds constitutes about half of the locally formed SOA mass. Other processes that previously have been shown to influence the urban OA budget, such as aging of semivolatile and intermediate volatility organic compounds (S/IVOC), dry deposition of S/IVOCs, and IVOC emissions, are found to have minor influences on OA. Our model results show that the modern carbon content of the OA is driven by vertical and long‐range transport, with a minor contribution from local cooking emissions. SOA from regional sources and resulting from aging and long‐lived precursors can lead to high SOA concentrations above the ABL, which can strongly influence ground‐based observations through downward transport. Sensitivity analysis shows that modeled SOA concentrations in the ABL are equally sensitive to ABL dynamics as to SOA concentrations transported from the RL.
Sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the southern Qiangtang basin: Implications for the Lhasa‐Qiangtang collision timing
Authors: Ma Anlin , Hu Xiumian , Garzanti Eduardo , Han Zhong , Lai Wen
Published: June 2017

The Mesozoic stratigraphic record of the southern Qiangtang basin in central Tibet records the evolution and closure of the Bangong‐Nujiang ocean to the south. The Jurassic succession includes Toarcian‐Aalenian shallow‐marine limestones (Quse Formation), Aalenian‐Bajocian feldspatho‐litho‐quartzose to feldspatho‐quartzo‐lithic sandstones (shallow‐marine Sewa Formation and deep‐sea Gaaco Formation), and Bathonian outer platform to shoal limestones (Buqu Formation). This succession is truncated by an angular unconformity, overlain by upper Bathonian to lower Callovian fan‐delta conglomerates and litho‐quartzose to quartzo‐lithic sandstones (Biluoco Formation) and Callovian shoal to outer platform limestones (Suowa Formation). Sandstone petrography coupled with detrital‐zircon U‐Pb and Hf isotope analysis indicate that the Sewa and Gaaco formations contain intermediate to felsic volcanic detritus and youngest detrital zircons (183–170 Ma) with εHf(t) ranging widely from +13 to −25, pointing to continental‐arc provenance from igneous rocks with mixed mantle and continental‐crust contributions. An arc‐trench system thus developed toward the end of the Early Jurassic, with the southern Qiangtang basin representing the fore‐arc basin. Above the angular unconformity, the Biluoco Formation documents a change to dominant sedimentary detritus including old detrital zircons (mainly >500 Ma ages in the lower part of the unit) with age spectra similar to those from Paleozoic strata in the central Qiangtang area. A major tectonic event with intense folding and thrusting thus took place in late Bathonian time (166 ± 1 Ma), when the Qiangtang block collided with another microcontinental block possibly the Lhasa block.
Mapping finer‐resolution land surface emissivity using Landsat images in China
Authors: Ren Huazhong , Liu Rongyuan , Qin Qiming , Fan Wenjie , Yu Le , Du Chen
Published: June 2017

Land surface emissivity is a crucial parameter for obtaining the land surface temperature and estimating the land surface energy budget from remote sensing data. The current emissivity products always have a coarser spatial resolution than the products from the visible and near‐infrared data. This study focused on the generation of an emissivity product at a spatial resolution of 30 m using a new global land cover product called Finer‐Resolution Observation and Monitoring of Global Land Cover and Landsat images. Summer‐average emissivity products in four narrowbands (Landsat 5/Thematic Mapper Band 6, Landsat 7/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus Band 6, and Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor bands 1 and 2) and two broadbands (3–14 μm and 8–13.5 μm) were produced in China. Results illustrated that the narrowband emissivities ranged from 0.95 to 0.99, whereas the broadband emissivities ranged from 0.93 to 0.99 in the study area. Intercomparisons in different places showed that the new emissivity was close to Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer emissivity with a difference of about 0.015 for narrowband emissivity and about 0.02 for broadband emissivity on a regional scale. For application purposes, the emissivities were released in the Worldwide Reference System 2 and geographic coordinate systems with several spatial resolutions resampled from its original scale of 30 m.
Recent Advances and Perspectives on the Zinc‐Catalyzed Nitroaldol (Henry) Reaction
Authors: Saranya Salim , Harry Nissy Ann , Ujwaldev Sankuviruthiyil M. , Anilkumar Gopinathan
Published: June 2017

The Henry reaction is a powerful method that is used for C−C bond formation. It is a useful technique in organic chemistry because of the synthetic utility of the corresponding products, which can be easily converted into other valuable synthetic intermediates and products. Several procedures have been employed for the Henry reaction. Among these, a zinc‐catalyzed protocol is the most notable because of the nontoxic and environmentally benign nature of zinc. This review mainly focuses on the zinc‐catalyzed Henry reaction and describes literature that was published up to 2016.
Oxygen Vacancy‐Mediated Photocatalysis of BiOCl: Reactivity, Selectivity, and Perspectives
Authors: Li Hao , Li Jie , Ai Zhihui , Jia Falong , Zhang Lizhi
Published: June 2017

Semiconductor photocatalysis is a trustworthy approach to harvest clean solar light for energy conversions, while state‐of‐the‐art catalytic efficiencies are unsatisfactory because of the finite light response and/or recombination of robust charge carriers. Along with the development of modern material characterization techniques and electronic‐structure computations, oxygen vacancies (OVs) on the surface of real photocatalysts, even in infinitesimal concentration, are found to play a more decisive role in determining the kinetics, energetics, and mechanisms of photocatalytic reactions. This Review endeavors to clarify the inherent functionality of OVs in photocatalysis at the surface molecular level using 2D BiOCl as the platform. Structure sensitivity of OVs on reactivity and selectivity of photocatalytic reactions is intensely discussed via confining OVs onto prototypical BiOCl surfaces of different structures. The critical understanding of OVs chemistry can help consolidate and advance the fundamental theories of photocatalysis, and also offer new perspectives and guidelines for the rational design of catalysts with satisfactory performance.
Changing Trends in Opioid Use Among Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in the United States
Authors: Curtis Jeffrey R. , Xie Fenglong , Smith Christian , Saag Kenneth G. , Chen Lang , Beukelman Timothy , Mannion Melissa , Yun Huifeng , Kertesz Stefan
Published: June 2017

Objective

Opioid prescribing recently has come under intense scrutiny. However, longitudinal patterns of prescription opioid receipt in a population‐based cohort of patients with chronic pain, such as those with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), have not been well characterized. The aim of this study was to examine both trends over time and variability in individual physician prescribing of short‐term and long‐term use of opioids.

Methods

We identified a cohort of RA patients based on 2006–2014 Medicare data and evaluated longitudinal time trends in “regular” use of opioids. A separate analysis conducted in 2014 assessed rheumatologist‐specific variability in regular use of opioid prescriptions in patients with RA.

Results

We identified 97,859 RA patients meeting the eligibility criteria. The mean age of the patients was 67 years, 80% were female, 82% were white, and 12% were African American. The most commonly used opioids were those that combined acetaminophen with hydrocodone or propoxyphene. Regular opioid prescribing increased slowly but peaked in 2010 before propoxyphene was withdrawn from the market. Following the withdrawal of propoxyphene, receipt of hydrocodone and tramadol increased commensurately, and overall opioid use declined only slightly. Factors associated with regular use of opioids included younger age, female sex, African American race, back pain, fibromyalgia, anxiety, and depression. Variability between US rheumatologists (n = 4,024) in prescribing the regular use of opioids for their RA patients was high; in the average rheumatologist's practice, 40% of RA patients used prescription opioids regularly. In almost half of the patients, at least some opioid prescriptions were written by a rheumatologist, and 14% received opioids that were co‐prescribed concurrently by more than 1 physician.

Conclusion

In the US, opioid use in older patients with RA peaked in 2010 and is now declining slightly. Withdrawal of propoxyphene from the US market in 2010 had minimal effect on overall opioid use, because use of propoxyphene was replaced by increased use of other opioids.
A simply synthesized biphenyl substituted piperidin‐4‐one for the fluorescence chemosensing of Cd2+
Authors: Poomalai Sumathi , Padinjareveetil Anju Kannan , Ramasamy Sivaraj , Govindaraj Tamil Selvan , Paulraj Mosae Selvakumar , Enoch Israel Vijayaraj Muthu Vijayan
Published: June 2017

Ion‐induced change in fluorescence is a straight‐forward method for detection of toxic metal ions showing immediate response. Cadmium ions are toxic to the environment. We report in this paper a piperidine‐4‐one‐based fluorescent chemosensor of Cd2+ ions, designed and synthesized by a simple method. The compound is characterized using infra‐red (IR) and 1H–NMR spectral techniques. The chemosensor showed Cd2+ ion selectivity and sensitivity in aqueous solution. The stoichiometry and the binding constants were determined using fluorescence spectroscopy. Piperidine‐4‐one shows a 1:1 stoichiometric binding to Cd2+. The limit of detection of Cd2+ was reported.
A feasibility and safety study of intracoronary hemodilution during primary coronary angioplasty in order to reduce reperfusion injury in myocardial infarction
Authors: McGarvey Michael , Ali Omar , Iqbal M. Bilal , Ilsley Charles , Wong Joyce , Di Mario Carlo , Redwood Simon , Patterson Tiffany , Pennell Dudley J. , Rogers Paula , Dalby Miles ,   ORCA‐3 For the Optimal Restoration of Cardiac Activity (ORCA) Group
Published: June 2017

Objectives

We designed a pilot study to evaluate safety and feasibility of an inexpensive and simple approach to intracoronary hemodilution during primary angioplasty (PPCI) to reduce reperfusion injury.

Introduction

Early revascularization in acute myocardial infarction decreases infarct size and improves outcomes. However, abrupt restoration of coronary flow results in myocardial reperfusion injury and increased final infarct size. Dilution of coronary blood during revascularization may help reduce this damage. If proved effective, such an approach would need to be simple and suitable for widespread adoption.

Methods

Ten patients presenting with STEMI underwent intracoronary dilution with room temperature Hartmann's solution delivered through the guiding catheter during primary angioplasty (PPCI). Infusion of perfusate began prior to crossing the occluded artery with the guidewire, continuing until 10 min after completion of the balloon and stenting procedure. Infusion was briefly interrupted for contrast injection and pressure monitoring. The outcome measures were safety, including intracoronary temperature reduction and volume of intracoronary perfusate infused, and technical feasibility.

Results

There were no significant symptomatic, hemodynamic, ECG ST/T segment or rhythm changes observed during perfusate administration. The median (interquartile range) volume of perfusate administered was 550 mL (350–725 mL) and the median intracoronary temperature reduction observed was 3.4°Celsius. Myocardial salvage was 0.54 (0.43–0.65).

Conclusions

Transcatheter intracoronary hemodilution with room temperature perfusate during PPCI is feasible and appears safe. Such a strategy is simple and inexpensive, with potential to be widely applied. Further mechanistic and subsequent outcome powered studies are required to evaluate whether this strategy can reduce reperfusion injury in STEMI.
One‐Step Synthesis of Dicyanobenzene‐Derived Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon Monolayers: Porosity and Near‐infrared Photoactivity
Authors: Tong Jing , Hou Xudong , Liu Shengjun , Zhang Junxiang , Ding Yanjun , Wang Yang , Xu Hangxun , Liu Bo
Published: June 2017

We present a facile and one‐step synthesis of a N‐doped porous carbon (NPC) material by direct heating of dicyanobenzene in the presence of ZnCl2, free from any pre‐ or post‐treatment. The resultant NPC material features graphite‐like monolayers with a thickness of approximately 1.4 nm, as proven by microscopy technology. NPC shows a BET surface area of 3038.5 m2 g−1 and a narrow pore‐size distribution centered at 0.51 nm. As a consequence, NPC displays a high H2 uptake of up to 2.96 wt % at 77 K and a CO2 adsorption capability of 23.4 wt % at 278 K and 0.1 MPa. N‐doping leads to extension of the optical absorption of NPC into the near‐infrared (NIR) region. This N‐decorated carbon material, as the first example of a NIR‐triggered carbon photocatalyst, exhibits pronounced H2 production capabilities. Carbonization of aromatic multinitriles would be a general and facile approach to prepare multifunctional N‐doped carbon materials for gas storage and full solar spectrum driven photocatalysts.
Improvement of the Structural and Chemical Properties of Carbon Nano‐onions for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Mykhailiv Olena , Zubyk Halyna , Brzezinski Krzysztof , Gras Malgorzata , Lota Grzegorz , Gniadek Marianna , Romero Elkin , Echegoyen Luis , Plonska‐Brzezinska Marta E.
Published: June 2017

Heteroatom doping of carbon nanostructures is a convenient tool to control their physicochemical properties and to make them suitable for various applications. Carbon nano‐onions (CNOs) doped with nitrogen (N‐CNOs) have been prepared by annealing aminated‐nanodiamond particles (AM‐NDs) at different temperatures (1150, 1450 and 1650 °C) in an inert He atmosphere. Their physicochemical properties were compared with those of pristine CNOs obtained from non‐functionalized NDs under the same experimental conditions. The carbon nanostructures were characterized using transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, porosimetry, and differential‐thermogravimetric analyses (TGA‐DTG). Their physicochemical properties are systematically discussed for undoped and for the nitrogen‐doped CNO samples. The results reveal that the surface morphology and the structure of undoped and nitrogen‐doped CNOs vary with the annealing temperature. All of these materials were electrochemically tested as electrode materials for enzyme‐free catalysis of hydrogen peroxide. The nitrogen‐doped carbon nanostructures have a higher catalytic activity than undoped nanostructures obtained under the same experimental conditions.
Cooperative or Oxidative Hydrogen Addition to 2‐Hydroxypyridonate Iridium Complexes: Dependence on Oxidation State
Authors: Forrest Sebastian J. K. , Manojveer Seetharaman , Johnson Magnus T.
Published: June 2017

Iridium(III)–pyridone complexes are commonly found to react in a cooperative and redox‐neutral manner with dihydrogen and alcohols. In this work, the reactivity preferences of IrI–pyridone complexes were investigated under a variety of conditions. We have found that, in contrast to IrIII–pyridones, IrI–pyridone complexes display a strong preference to react non‐cooperatively. With a new chelating 2‐hydroxy‐8‐diphenylphosphinoquinoline ligand that does not dissociate after hydrogen addition, oxidative addition is still preferred. In the preparation of mono‐ and bidentate neutral and anionic pyridone ligands, Vaska's complex was used as a point of reference. We expect these findings to have implications for catalyst development in the field of metal–ligand cooperation.
Cumulative toxicity of neonicotinoid insecticide mixtures to Chironomus dilutus under acute exposure scenarios
Authors: Maloney Erin M. , Morrissey Christy A. , Headley John V. , Peru Kerry M. , Liber Karsten
Published: June 2017

Extensive agricultural use of neonicotinoid insecticide products has resulted in the presence of neonicotinoid mixtures in surface waters worldwide. Although many aquatic insect species are known to be sensitive to neonicotinoids, the impact of neonicotinoid mixtures is poorly understood. In the present study, the cumulative toxicities of binary and ternary mixtures of select neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam) were characterized under acute (96-h) exposure scenarios using the larval midge Chironomus dilutus as a representative aquatic insect species. Using the MIXTOX approach, predictive parametric models were fitted and statistically compared with observed toxicity in subsequent mixture tests. Single-compound toxicity tests yielded median lethal concentration (LC50) values of 4.63, 5.93, and 55.34 μg/L for imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam, respectively. Because of the similar modes of action of neonicotinoids, concentration-additive cumulative mixture toxicity was the predicted model. However, we found that imidacloprid–clothianidin mixtures demonstrated response-additive dose-level–dependent synergism, clothianidin–thiamethoxam mixtures demonstrated concentration-additive synergism, and imidacloprid–thiamethoxam mixtures demonstrated response-additive dose-ratio–dependent synergism, with toxicity shifting from antagonism to synergism as the relative concentration of thiamethoxam increased. Imidacloprid–clothianidin–thiamethoxam ternary mixtures demonstrated response-additive synergism. These results indicate that, under acute exposure scenarios, the toxicity of neonicotinoid mixtures to C. dilutus cannot be predicted using the common assumption of additive joint activity. Indeed, the overarching trend of synergistic deviation emphasizes the need for further research into the ecotoxicological effects of neonicotinoid insecticide mixtures in field settings, the development of better toxicity models for neonicotinoid mixture exposures, and the consideration of mixture effects when setting water quality guidelines for this class of pesticides. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3091–3101. © 2017 SETAC