bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthetic wastewater prepared from readily available materials: Characteristics and economics
Authors: Kargol Abigail K. , Burrell Samantha R. , Chakraborty Indrajit , Gough Heidi L.
Published: September 2023

The wastewater used for experimental research is typically collected from a wastewater treatment plant or prepared as a synthetic solution in the lab. These options represent transportation and cost challenges, respectively, particularly for experiments requiring large volumes of wastewater. Here, we describe a method for creating inexpensive synthetic wastewater from readily available household products. The base solution, synthesized by soaking dog food pellets for 24 hours and straining the solution, had average nutrient values of 9.7 mg/L ammonia as N, 12.2 mg/L nitrate as N, 227 mg/L total nitrogen, and 4870 mg/L chemical oxygen demand (COD). Degradation tests demonstrated that soluble COD was biodegradable. The base solution was then used to prepare synthetic wastewater that met the requirements for two experimental applications; (1) anaerobic treatment of primary effluent and (2) land-application treatment of secondary effluent. Cost analysis indicated that the single-ingredient synthetic wastewater cost 92% less to produce than synthetic wastewater recipes that used laboratory chemicals, and reduced preparation time. These results demonstrated that use of commercial products can simplify the wastewater synthesis process and reduce experimental costs for large-volume research applications while still maintaining consistent wastewater characterization.
Análisis multimedia de la metodología de enseñanza e-learning con el uso de CAQDAS NVivo
Authors: Cabanillas García Juan Luis , Sánchez Gómez Mari Cruz , del Brío Alonso Irene
Published: September 2023

Este texto representa una guía para docentes, investigadores, estudiantes de grado y posgrado, en la que se describe de forma práctica, clara, profunda y detallada, como realizar análisis de datos multimedia mediante el uso de Computer-aided Qualitative Data analysis (CaQDas). En concreto, se describe el uso del CaQDas nVivo con un ejemplo práctico vinculado al proyecto cofinanciado por la Unión Europea bajo el programa Erasmus+: Generación para la innovación, resiliencia, liderazgo y sostenibilidad. ¡Que empiece el juego! (ref. 2022-1-Es01-Ka220-HED-000089166) en el que se abordan contenidos relacionados con la metodología de enseñanza elearning. Sin pretender ser meramente un documento divulgativo sino más bien un manual útil, desde el punto de vista pedagógico para analizar datos multimedia, se detalla, paso a paso, la ruta procedimental para la creación de proyectos; importación de archivos de audio, video, imágenes, textos, datos procedentes de gestores bibliográficos y de redes sociales o entornos virtuales, creación de notas, memos, matrices de marcos de trabajo, anotaciones, construcción del sistema de categorías, libro de códigos, proceso de codificación; exploración y análisis de los resultados a partir de la realización de búsquedas de texto, frecuencia de palabras, consultas de codificación, matrices cruzadas, diagramas de comparación, etc. La cuestión del análisis de los datos multimedia utilizando CaQDas supone ahorro significativo de tiempo, mejora de la calidad de la investigación, aumentando la coherencia y transparencia en los procedimientos analíticos, gestión de la información más rápida y activa, manejo de volumen de información muy extenso, permitiendo, además, la comunicación continuada del tratamiento de datos entre los miembros de los equipos de trabajo.
Verbos de percepción sensorial: un estudio contrastivo español-italiano desde la lingüística cognitiva
Authors: García-Jiménez Santiago
Published: September 2023

En este trabajo, se realiza un análisis contrastivo español-italiano de los verbos de percepción sensorial a través de las herramientas desarrolladas por la lingüística cognitiva. Por un lado, se comparan las diferencias de modalidad epistémica que existen entre los verbos de la vista, oído, olfato, tacto y gusto. Por otro lado, se comparan las diferencias que existen entre ambas lenguas a través de las metáforas conceptuales. Además, también se tiene en cuenta en las acciones la distinción pasivo/activo.
Assessing Mental Health Services in the Wake of COVID-19 and Political Unrest in Myanmar
Authors: LIN Tay Zar , Oo San San
Published: September 2023

Myanmar's mental health and well-being have been profoundly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and political unrest. The prevalence of reported depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation highlights the imperative need to evaluate mental health access and services throughout the nation. Population anxiety and distress have increased as a result of the pandemic containment measures and political unrest. Access to mental health services is hindered, particularly in rural and minority-populated areas, by outmoded mental health legislation and a lack of trained professionals, as well as by language barriers. For the development of focused interventions and support systems, it is essential to understand the present situation of mental health access. For the promotion of mental health services, government, INGOs, and local communities are required to collaborate. Myanmar can foster resilience and well-being by prioritising mental health and employing comprehensive strategies, resulting in a healthier and more inclusive society for the citizens.
Comet C/2011 L4 (PANSTARSS) observed with small telescope
Authors: Scarmato Toni
Published: September 2023

Discovered by Richard Wainscoat (Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii) on four CCD images taken with the 1.8-m "Pan-STARRS 1" telescope at Haleakala taken on 2011 June 6th. My first observation of the comet was on 2013 March 10th whit the comet visible in the twilight. I did the following visual estimation; Mar. 10.73,-1.0*,5'(T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 7x50 binoculars; altitude 7 deg, tail 1 deg in pa 140 deg), reported to the ICQ (International Comet Quarterly). Easy comet in 7x50 binoculars I started to see C/2011 L4 at 18:35 L.T. when the comet was at about 7° above the horizon. I saw a tail long about 1,5° in pa 140° with a coma well condensed and large about 5'. I followed the comet until to the set at 18:55 L.T., still clearly visible at so low altitude about 1° or less! I don't saw Mars (1.39 mag) at the same altitude, so I esteemed the comet using Aldebaran (1.1 mag) at 62,44° of altitude also using the ICQ Table of Atmospheric Extinction; but remembering C/2006 P1 in the same conditions of observation I could to assume that the comet was at negative apparent total magnitude m1= -1.0. The image of the comet was impressive (see Fig. 2).
Optimizing government services through alternative work arrangements: Evidence from the Department of Tourism in Zamboanga Peninsula, Philippines
Authors: Atilano-Tang Lesley Ann , Antonio-Torres Mary Grace
Published: September 2023

This Capstone examines the effects of alternative work arrangements on public service delivery in the Department of Tourism in the Zamboanga Peninsula region of the Philippines. Using a mixed-methods approach, data was collected through surveys and interviews of government officials, tourism industry representatives, and customers. Results show that alternative work arrangements, such as flexible work hours and telecommuting, have a positive effect on the performance and job satisfaction of government employees, leading to better service delivery to tourists. Moreover, the adoption of alternative work arrangements is also found to be cost-effective for the government, resulting in lower overhead costs. The capstone is grounded in Public Administration theory, specifically, the Human Relations approach. The Human Relations approach posits that an organization's effectiveness depends on its ability to manage the needs and motivations of its employees. In this study, the adoption of alternative work arrangements is seen as a way to address the needs and motivations of government employees, resulting in increased job satisfaction and better service delivery. The findings have significant implications for the Department of Tourism in Zamboanga Peninsula and other government agencies in the Philippines. The adoption of alternative work arrangements can lead to improved public service delivery, increased employee satisfaction, and reduced costs. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of alternative work arrangements and to determine the optimal arrangement for different types of government services.
The Effect of the Menstrual Cycle on Cognitive Performance: Spatial Reasoning, Visual & Numerical Memory
Authors: Asim Anusha , Maryam Rifah , Sultan Zahra , Shahid Areej , Yousaf Fatima , Khandelwal Ishika , Allana Isra
Published: September 2023

The menstrual cycle has been a topic of interest in relation to behavior and cognition for many years, with historical beliefs associating it with cognitive impairment. However, recent research has challenged these beliefs and suggested potential positive effects of the menstrual cycle on cognitive performance. Despite these emerging findings, there is still a lack of consensus regarding the impact of the menstrual cycle on cognition, particularly in domains such as spatial reasoning, visual memory, and numerical memory. Hence, this study aimed to explore the relationship between the menstrual cycle and cognitive performance in these specific domains. Previous studies have reported mixed findings, with some suggesting no significant association and others indicating potential differences across the menstrual cycle. To contribute to this body of knowledge, we hypothesized that there would be no significant relationship between the menstrual cycle and spatial reasoning, visual memory, and numerical memory. A total of 30 menstruating females from mixed geographical backgrounds participated in the study, and a repeated measures design was used to assess their cognitive performance in two phases of the menstrual cycle: follicular and luteal. The results of the study revealed that while spatial reasoning was not significantly related to the menstrual cycle, both visual and numerical memory had a significant positive association with the luteal phase. However, since the effect sizes were very small, the importance of this relationship might be commonly overestimated. Future studies could thus entail designs with larger sample sizes and include neuro-biological measures of menstrual stages and consequently inform competent interventions and support systems.
O felix culpa!
Authors: Echavarría Agustín
Published: September 2023

The claim of the Easter Proclamation that original sin is a “happy fall” (felix culpa) that earned us the Incarnation of the Son of God seems to virtually contain the elements for developing a “Greater God Theodicy,” according to which sin has been permitted by God “in order to” obtain some greater goods. In this paper I introduce four ways in which greater good theodicies can be drawn from the felix culpa claim: two “supralapsarian” ways (a deterministic and a Molinist one) and two “infralapsarian” ways (a conditional and a retrospective one). I consider the philosophical pros and cons of each proposal, showing that infralapsarian options are preferable.
Diseño del trabajo, bienestar y salud mental: Revisión de literatura
Authors: Ali Martínez Said Fenando , Turbay Posada Maria Jose , Rodriguez Melissa Alejandra , Polo Vargas Jean David , Gutiérrez-Carvajal Oscar Iván
Published: September 2023

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar la argumentación teórica de la relación entre salud y bienestar con las características del diseño del trabajo. Para la recopilación de la evidencia teórica se condujo una revisión sistemática que buscó indagar las publicaciones más recientes en relación a las variables estudiadas, dicha búsqueda se llevó a cabo en cuatro bases de datos diferentes. La estructura del presente documento, inicia una breve introducción de los temas de estudios y la pregunta de investigación, luego se conceptualiza acerca de las variables estudiadas a partir de la revisión sistemática realizada y finalmente se muestran los puntos de encuentro y desacuerdos entre los autores estudiados, hipótesis que podrían dar explicación a los resultados encontrados y posibles nuevas preguntas de investigación.
Relación entre funciones ejecutivas y la competencia social, en menores que se desvinculan del conflicto armado en Colombia
Authors: Arana Medina Claudia Marcela , Garcia Peña John Jairo , Hoyos Zuluaga Elizabeth , Cárdenas Niño Lucila
Published: September 2023

El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo determinar el perfil del funcionamiento ejecutivo y el tipo de relación con la competencia social que tiene que ver con lo que es socialmente correcto, en una población de menores que se desvinculan del conflicto armado en Colombia. El alcance de la propuesta fue descriptivo-correlacional. El diseño cuasi experimental, de orden longitudinal para la recolección de los datos relacionados con la evaluación neuropsicológica y la evaluación de la competencia social. De carácter cuantitativo, se evaluaron las variables a través de instrumentos estandarizados y sus puntuaciones son de tipo numérico. Se encontró un coeficiente de correlación múltiple de R=0.759, entre las FE, y la criterio (competencia social) por lo tanto el 57.6% de la variabilidad de lo que se considera Socialmente Correcto, puede explicarse por las variables predictoras contempladas en el modelo. El ajuste del modelo puede considerarse alto. Así mismo, el valor de significancia permite comprobar que la regresión entre las variables independientes y la variable dependiente es significativa. Con ello se rechaza la hipótesis nula (p=0,001). Y se acepta la existencia de relaciones directas/inversas entre el funcionamiento ejecutivo y la competencia social que hace referencia a lo que es socialmente correcto.
La construcción del ethos discursivo en trayectorias de vida de docentes de El Paujil (Caquetá, Colombia)
Authors: Gómez Arcila Natalia Marcela , Olave Arias Giohanny , Cisneros Estupiñán Mireya
Published: September 2023

A partir del análisis de cuatro trayectorias de vida de docentes del municipio de El Paujil (Caquetá, Colombia), se propuso un análisis discursivo para identificar los rasgos mediante los cuales la emoción se inscribe en sus relatos. Asimismo, se hizo una aproximación al modo en que se construyen el ethos docente y la autoenunciación de los profesores. Las construcciones del ethos demostraron la impronta del conflicto armado en la imagen que los enunciadores construyen de ellos mismos y de su colectivo de identificación. Finalmente, se concluyó que las singularidades y recurrencias, en cuanto a la construcción del ethos, son un cambio en la enunciación producto de los escenarios y situaciones experimentadas por los maestros.
Построение автомодельного решения системы уравнений газовой динамики,
описывающей истечение политропного газа в вакуум с косой стенки в несогласованном случае
Authors: Понькин Евгений Игоревич , Pon'kin Eugeny I.
Published: September 2023

Рассматривается начально-краевая задача для системы уравнений газовой динамики в постановке характеристической задачи Коши стандартного вида, описывающая при $t>0$ разлет политропного газа в вакуум на косой стенке в пространстве физических автомодельных переменных $\xi=x/t$, $\eta=y/t$,
а при $t<0$ - сильное сжатие газа в призматическом объеме.
Решение начально-краевой задачи строится в виде рядов функций $c( \xi, \vartheta )$,
$u( \xi, \vartheta )$ и $v( \xi, \vartheta )$ по степеням $\vartheta$,
где $\vartheta$ - известная функция независимых переменных.
Нахождение неизвестных коэффициентов $c_1 ( \xi )$, $u_1( \xi )$ и $v_1( \xi )$ рядов
функций $c( \xi, \vartheta )$, $u( \xi, \vartheta )$ и $v( \xi, \vartheta )$ сводится к решению транспортного уравнения для коэффициента $c_1( \xi )$.
В настоящей работе построено аналитическое решение транспортного уравнения для коэффициента $c_1( \xi )$
решения системы уравнений газовой динамики, описывающего изэнтропическое истечение политропного газа с косой стенки, в общем несогласованном случае, когда $\operatorname{tg}^2 \alpha \ne (\gamma+1 )/ (3-\gamma)$.
Когда $\gamma=5/3$ - случай водорода, для коэффициента $c_1( \xi ) $ впервые построено аналитическое решение транспортного уравнения в явном виде.
Полученное решение применено к описанию сжатия специального призматического объема, представляющего собой
в сечении правильный треугольник.
Указана особенность полученного решения $c_1(\xi)$: значение $ c_1 \to \infty $ при $ \xi \to \xi_* $,
где значение $\xi_*$ задается уравнением $c_0(\xi_*)=3.9564$.
Сделан вывод, что на звуковой характеристике, через которую стыкуются течения вида центрированная и двойная волна, в точке с координатами $\xi=\xi_*$ и $\vartheta =0$ наступает градиентная катастрофа,
что приводит к возникновению в безударном течении сильного разрыва и формированию ударной волны.
К 70-летию со дня рождения профессора Леонида Александровича Сараева
Authors: Радченко Владимир Павлович , Radchenko Vladimir Pavlovich , Саушкин Михаил Николаевич , Saushkin Mikhail Nikolaevich
Published: September 2023

25 марта 2023 г. исполнилось 70 лет известному российскому ученому, почетному работнику высшего и профессионального образования РФ, педагогу, администратору, организатору науки и высшего образования в России доктору физико-математических наук, профессору Леониду Александровичу Сараеву.
В статье приведены ключевые библиографические данные Л. А. Сараева, представлены главные научные направления и результаты научной деятельности по фундаментальным проблемам прогнозирования нелинейных свойств композиционных материалов и разработке математических и стохастических методов и моделей анализа экономики.
Challenges in fostering democratic participation in Japanese education
Authors: Nonoyama-Tarumi Yuko
Published: September 2023

I draw on Dewey’s concept of democratically constituted society to investigate whether Japanese schools are organized in a way that students can experience democratic living, by examining diversity and interaction within schools. I also rely on Reimer’s notion of citizenship education to explore whether schools in Japan foster the competencies necessary to understand, care about, and act upon global challenges, by examining the teaching of relevance and development of sense of purpose. Based on the analyses of PISA data, I find the following characteristics of Japanese education compared to OECD countries: (1) the high school system sorts students not only by their academic achievement but simultaneously by their family background, creating the least diversified schools; (2) interaction, measured by student participation and debate in class, is low; (3) teaching relevance and application of scientific concepts in class are limited; and (4) students have a low sense of purpose at the end of compulsory education. The lack of opportunity to practice and internalize democratic values in the school, to connect what is being taught to real-world issues, and to develop one’s sense of purpose may partly explain the current youths’ political apathy and why there is little youth-led collective activism in Japan.
Education in a democratic and meritocratic society: Moving beyond thriving to flourishing
Authors: Low Ee Ling
Published: September 2023

Following multiple disruptions and crises, global education stakeholders grapple with the issue of how to prepare learners for a future wrought with uncertainty and unpredictability. During the COVID-19 pandemic that caused global school closures, disruptions to learning occurred in differing scopes and magnitudes across different countries. International organisations reported that some students have incurred a 1-to-3-year learning loss, which might have ramifications on their holistic development and, further down the line, their socioeconomic prospects. An equitable solution must be sought for the world to move beyond recovering to flourishing. This article attempts to elucidate the underlying principles of Singapore’s education system through Dewey’s concept of democracy and education, defined from an apolitical stance. For Singapore, democracy is also balanced with pragmatic meritocracy, which is upheld as a means to provide equal opportunities for all, regardless of socioeconomic background. This paper describes Singapore’s democratic and meritocratic society, setting the backdrop for an education system that seeks to develop its citizens into resilient, values-anchored, and lifelong learners ready to confront the challenges of the future.
Speculations on experiences in public education and the health of the nation’s democracy
Authors: Berliner David C.
Published: September 2023

In this paper an unusual informant is asked about the relationship between public education and democracy. Discussed also are the differences between schooling as preparation for employment vs. schooling for democratic living. The latter requires a curriculum different from that often found in America’s public schools. An example of what one such curriculum might look like is provided. Also discussed is the problem of providing youth an apprenticeship in democracy, when some argue that few public schools are democratically run. Noted as well is the troubled relationship of contemporary assessment practices with, simultaneously, the desire to foster democratic values in our public schools. Also examined are the contemporary problems associated with assuring youth unfettered access to the literature and ideas of our civilization. It is a common belief that democracy cannot thrive when access to information is controlled. Finally, the many roles that community schools play in fostering democratic living are considered.
On the challenges of legal translation
Authors: Cao Deborah
Published: September 2023

This short commentary focuses on language and law and legal translation. It stresses the importance of language used in legal texts in the legal context and the complexities when more than one language is involved in interlingual and cross-cultural communication in law. There are age old challenges in legal translation as well as new ones in the digital age with the increasing use of machine translation systems. It is imperative today that human legal translators are familiar with machine translation tools and aware of how computer aided translation technologies process information and their strengths and weaknesses. To be able to effectively use machine translation systems should become a compulsory part of the digital literacy and skill sets of legal translators in the twenty-first century.
Women’s genius according to St. John Paul II
Authors: Chmielewski Marek
Published: September 2023

The original term the ‘woman’s genius’ by St. John Paul II, contained in the letter Mulieris dignitatem and his other documents, accurately defines spirituality and the proper role of women in the Church and society. It can be a hermeneutical key when studying the figures of saints and outstanding women, including the Servant of God, Jadwiga Zamoyska. As the participation of women in the triple mission of Christ: priestly, prophetic and kingly, the ‘woman’s genius’ manifests itself in various ways. We find its fullness in Mary.
Nieetyczna kuropatwa. O niektórych źródłach „Listu” 40. Ambrożego z Mediolanu
Authors: Ilski Kazimierz , Kotłowska Anna
Published: September 2023

In his narrative, St. Ambrose often used arguments based on comparisons drawn from the natural environment. It should be emphasised that so-called ‘Christian zoology’ is not novel from the perspective of method, but because of the value judgements expressing the worldview of the new religion. The overall narrative of Letter 40 is built around the detailed behaviour of the partridge. From the perspective of the structure of the text and the logic of the narrative, the story of the partridge is remarkably extensive, detailed and ornithologically correct, even in the light of modern science. St. Ambrose made use of a motif present in the Hebrew tradition, while at the same time developing the description existing in the classical tradition, in terms of natural  bservation, rich in behavioural details. In this way, the two strands of tradition complement each other, fulfilling different functions in the literary art of St. Ambrose’s prose.
Duch Remusa, Romulus i Lemuria. Publiusz Owidiusz Nazo, „Kalendarz poetycki” 5, 419–492
Authors: Hartleb-Kropidło Barbara
Published: September 2023

In the Remus’ story, Ovid presents to us the origin of the Lemuria festival and the version of early Rome history in which Romulus is not guilty of his brother’s death. The poet stresses Romulus’ pietas in his brother and creates a pattern of Augustus’ worship of his father Caesar and Mars, the ancestor of the entire Roman people.
Greckie wyrazy βόρατον, βράθυ, βουρί jako przykłady zapożyczenia wielokrotnego
Authors: Kaczyńska Elwira
Published: September 2023

The paper discusses three Ancient Greek appellatives βόρατον, βράθυ, βουρί denoting conifers from the Cupressaceae family and demonstrates a common Semitic origin of these dendronyms. They should be treated as examples of multiple borrowing, the ultimate source of which was the uniform Proto-Semitic archetype *burāṯ- ‘juniper, Juniperus L.’. It should be assumed that the ancient Greeks borrowed two synonymous terms βόρατον n. ‘stinking juniper, Juniperus foetidissima Willd.; savin juniper, Juniperus sabina L.’ and βράθυ n. ‘id.’ from two different Aramaic sources. On the other hand, the Pamphylian dialectism βουρί n. ‘Mediterranean cypress, Cupressus sempervirens L.’ was borrowed from an Akkadian source via Anatolian languages to Ancient Greek (Gk. Pamph. βουρί n. ‘cypress’ ← Lycian *burhi < *burehi < Luwian *burašiš c. ← Assyrian or Akkadian burāšu ‘(Phoenician) juniper’ < Old Akkadian burāšum ‘juniper’ < Proto-Semitic *burāṯ-). A carefully conducted analysis of lexical data clearly demonstrates that language contacts between the Semites and the Greeks took place at different times and in many places, so potential Semitisms could have gradually penetrated the Greek vocabulary by various ways.
Oedipus’ Freudian slips: language, kinship and tyranny
Authors: Kucharski Janek
Published: September 2023

This paper deals with the linguistic aspect of tragic irony in the Oedipus Rex. It begins with the observation that several ambiguous expressions in the play telegraph their double meaning through various kinds of linguistic slips. It is argued that these slips occur on three distinct levels: semantics, syntax and pragmatics. There follows an analysis of several examples under each of these three headings. The paper concludes with the observation that when it comes to the question of Oedipus’ familial relationships and the legitimacy of his rule in Thebes, language itself fails the hero and defies his attempts at controlling it.
Owidiusz w międzygatunkowej rozterce – „Amores” II 18
Authors: Miazek-Męczyńska Monika
Published: September 2023

Elegy 18 from Book II of Amores, presented in the article in a new translation into Polish, explains why Ovid decided to abandon epic poetry and tragedy in favour of elegiac poetry. Although the poet jokingly points to Cupid, Corinna and his own laziness as the reasons, in fact, he shows that this literary genre is extremely attractive to authors who, like himself, writing about love can refer not only to personal experiences, but also to threads traditionally reserved for epics or tragedy. As evidence, Ovid invokes his Heroides and invites his friend, the poet Pompey Macer, to follow him in elegiac poetry. By recalling the works of Macer and Sabinus, Amores II 18 is also proof of the importance of friendship between the writers of the Augustan era, whose works bear  visible traces of mutual influences and interactions.
‘Patria ruens.’ Ruining and Overcoming Evil – the Example of Selected Poems by Claudian
Authors: Petry Martyna
Published: September 2023

The paper focuses on longer poems by the court poet Claudian that depict a State ruined by evil forces or the state of harmony. This poet from late Antiquity uses a vocabulary related to death and destruction. Evil, above all barbarians and political opponents, is also presented appropriately by the poet. Their characters function in the poems as disaster, ruin and ignominy. To depict these evil forces, their repeatability and how they are overcome on different levels, the poet uses the motive of the upward and downward movement, describing a dead character‘s way up to heaven and down to the underworld. Destruction rises from this movement of evil to the upper world, while the movement down to the underworld carries liberation and peace. Nevertheless, the poet implies, that the state of harmony is never definitive. Destruction and ruin repeat and recur in different forms in the poems, from the mythological past up to the present. In this sense, the characters in these poems function within a time loop and the story world presents the poet’s view on history and how it works on the divine and human level.
Trojański palimpsest. Odniesienia intertekstualne w zakończeniu III księgi „Dziejów” Tacyta
Authors: Pigoń Jakub
Published: September 2023

The Trojan War or, more precisely, the sacking of Troy, plays an important role in the Roman cultural imagination and the crucial text dealing with these events, Vergil’s Aeneid II, has been used by various authors in various literary genres in order to build associations between their own subject matter and the fates of Priam, Hecuba, Aeneas etc. Thus, for example, the death of Agamemnon in Seneca’s tragedy of the same title bears a similarity to the death of Priam in the Aeneid; the two narratives are examined in the first part of the paper. In the main part of the paper, we move from Seneca to Tacitus; here, after a brief consideration of a passage from the account of the death of Galba (Hist. I 41, 3), there is a detailed discussion of one chapter from the end of Book III of the Histories (84). The chapter describes the Vitellian soldiers’ last stand against the Flavian army in Rome on December 20, AD 69 and Emperor Vitellius’ pathetic demise. The paper’s particular focus is on intertextual references which, so it seems, are introduced by Tacitus into his narrative to make his account of the last stage of the Roman Civil War of AD 68/69 more graphic and memorable; importantly, most of these references evoke the Trojan War and its aftermath. In particular, the following passages are analysed: (1) Tac. Hist. III 84, 2 ~ Verg. Aen. II 501–502; (2) Tac. Hist. III 84, 3 ~ Sall. Cat. 52, 3 + Eur. Hec. 568–570 (cf. Ov. Met. XIII 879–880; Fast. II 833–834); (3) Tac. Hist. III 84, 4 ~ Verg. Aen. II 755; (4) Tac. Hist. III 84, 5 ~ Verg. Aen. II 57–59.
Mityczny potwór Kampe w „Fasti” Owidiusza
Authors: Witczak Krzysztof Tomasz
Published: September 2023

The paper discusses Greek and Roman literary sources describing Campe or Kampe (Gk. Κάμπη), a mythical female monster killed by the god Dionysus (Diodorus, Bibl. III 72) or by Zeus (Ps.-Apollodorus, Bibl. I 2,1; Nonnos, D. XVIII 233–264). Campe was a large monster who guarded the Cyclopes and Hundred-Handers prisoned in Tartarus (according to Pseudo-Apollodorus and Nonnos). The same mythical monster seems to be attested in Ovid’s Fasti (III 793–808). The Roman poet presents an unknown version of the Greek myth, describing a wondrous monster (line 799: monstrum mirabile), born of Mother Earth (l. 799: Matre satus Terra). She is portrayed with the upper body of a bull and the tail of a serpent in place of legs (l. 799–800: taurus parte sui serpens posteriore fuit). Ovid does not mention the Greek or Latinized name of this mythical monster but introduces the acrostic CAMPH (= Gk. Κάμπη) in his description (Ov., Fast. III 797–801). Unfortunately, the Ovidian acrostic in question is preserved in the corrupted form CQMPH in most medieval manuscripts. It is suggested that the ancient editor, who prepared the final version of the six books of the Fasti after Ovid’s death (18 AD), failed to notice the Ovidian acrostic and introduced his own improvement in line 798 (quaeque instead of atque or the like).
Maksymos z Tyru. Pierwsza mowa o erotyce Sokratesa, XVIII (Trapp)
Authors: Szarmach Marian
Published: September 2023

Maksymos z Tyru, wędrowny grecki retor żył w II wieku i był przedstawicielem Drugiej Sofistyki. Występował z deklamacjami popisowymi (konferencjami) w Atenach oraz za czasów cezara Kommodusa (180–192) w Rzymie. Zachowało się po nim ich czterdzieści i jedna na różne tematy. Jednym z nich jest miłość, której poświęcił aż cztery wystąpienia. Nie są one głębokie. Retor wynagradza to słuchaczom popisem krasomówczym, sięgając popisowo po wiele aluzji literackich i cytatów poetyckich głównie z Homera i Platona. W prezentowanej tu porównuje jej przedstawienie przez Sokratesa z obrazem miłości u Safony. Przekładu tej dialeksy dokonałem na podstawie wydania: Maximus Tyrius: Dissertationes, ed. M.B. Trapp, Stutgardiae et Lipsiae 1994.
Should the Board Have Control over Shareholder Proposals? Evidence from China
Authors: Zhou Bruce Bing
Published: September 2023

This Article empirically investigates the impacts of the board’s rejection of shareholder proposals on corporate value and the appropriate approach to regulation. The study utilizes a dataset of such incidents in China, where the board enjoys significant discretion in rejecting proposals due to the inadequacy of legal enforcement mechanisms. The findings provide suggestive evidence that the market reacts negatively to the announcement of proposal rejections, leading to a significant decline in a firm’s stock value. The most adverse effects are associated with rejections of director nomination proposals and blockholder-sponsored proposals. The inclusion of external legal opinions can help alleviate these adverse consequences. Additionally, the research uncovers that while the two stock exchanges in China demonstrate overall competence in identifying harmful rejection decisions, the effectiveness of their regulatory actions via comment letters is hindered by the inherent weakness of the soft law approach. Drawing upon these results, this study posits that the critical value of the shareholder proposal regime lies in providing a low-cost approach for dissident shareholders to replace poorly performing management and facilitating the constructive engagement of large shareholders and the management. Furthermore, it is recommended that China establish an SEC-style review process for board rejection decisions, with the exchanges as the ultimate authority permitting the exclusion of shareholder proposals.
An extrapolation method for improving the quality of tomographic images using multiple short-pulse irradiations
Authors: Yarovenko Ivan P. , Prokhorov Igor V.
Published: September 2023

This paper investigates the inverse problem for the non-stationary radiation transfer equation, which involves finding the attenuation coefficient using the data of serial irradiation of the medium with pulses of various durations.
In the framework of single and double scattering approximations, we obtain asymptotic estimates of the scattered radiation flux density for a short duration of the probing pulse.
We propose extrapolation procedures for the ballistic component of the radiation transfer equation solution using the data of multiple irradiations of the medium by pulsed radiation sources, which allows us to obtain approximate formulas for finding the attenuation coefficient.
The results of numerical experiments with a well-known digital phantom confirm the effectiveness of the extrapolation algorithm for improving the quality of tomographic images of scattering media.
Toxicity of Calophyllum soulattri, Piper aduncum, Sesamum indicum and their potential mixture for control Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Widayani Neneng Sri , Dono Danar , Hidayat Yusup , Ishmayana Safri , Syahputra Edy
Published: September 2023

Spodoptera frugiperda caused severe damage to the maize plant. Botanical insecticides are a choice to control this pest. This study aims to determine the ethanol extract of Calophyllum soulattri stem bark, methanol extract of Piper aduncum fruit, and Sesamum indicum oil, and their potential mixture for controlling S. frugiperda. The bioassays were carried out in laboratory conditions using second instar S. frugiperda larvae from mass rearing in the laboratory. A toxicity test was performed using the leaf-residual feeding method. The result showed that the mortality of S. frugiperda for C. soulattri is LC50 = 0.349% and LC95 = 3.256% and that for P. aduncum is LC50
= 0.530% and LC95 = 4.666%. S. indicum oil (at 10% concentration) only caused the mortality of S. frugiperda by 27.5%. Insecticide mixture can increase the toxicity of the insecticide. The observation mortality of S. frugiperda for C. soulattri and P. aduncum (1:2) extracts mixture were LC50 = 0.233% and LC95 = 0.808%. At the same time, C. soulattri extract dan S. indicum oil mixture (4:1) were LC50 = 0.268% and LC95 = 0.931%. The treatments with a single insecticide and their mixtures affected the biological activity of S. frugiperda by reducing the area of feed consumption, and the longer the larval development time, the lower the pupal weight of S. frugiperda. Our findings indicated that a mixture of C. soulattri and P. aduncum extract, then C. soulattri extract, and S. indicum oil could potentially develop as effective insecticide for controlling S. frugiperda.
Modeling the monkeypox infection using the Mittag–Leffler kernel
Authors: Khan Muhammad Altaf , Meetei Mutum Zico , Shah Kamal , Abdeljawad Thabet , Alshahrani Mohammad Y.
Published: September 2023

This article presents the mathematical formulation for the monkeypox infection using the Mittag–Leffler kernel. A detailed mathematical formulation of the fractional-order Atangana-Baleanu derivative is given. The existence and uniqueness results of the fractional-order system is established. The local asymptotical stability for the disease-free case, when

ℛ

0

<
1

{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal R} }}}_{0}\lt 1

, is given. The global asymptotical stability is given when

ℛ

0

>
1

{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal R} }}}_{0}\gt 1

. The backward bifurcation analysis for fractional system is shown. The authors give a numerical scheme, solve the model, and present the results graphically. Some graphical results are shown for disease curtailing in the USA.
Examen de la información, consulta y comunicación en las Administraciones Públicas Locales Rumanas dentro de la esfera en línea: un estudio de caso de Constanta y Cluj-Napoca
Authors: Stan Mari-Isabella , Tasențe Tănase
Published: September 2023

Este estudio investiga el impacto de la información, la consulta y la comunicación en las administraciones públicas locales rumanas dentro de la esfera en línea, donde la transición digital complementa los métodos tradicionales e introduce nuevas oportunidades y desafíos. La atención se centra en la participación pública en las comunicaciones en línea, especialmente en lo que respecta a las invitaciones a consultas públicas de las administraciones locales. Los datos de las publicaciones de Facebook de los municipios de Constanta y Cluj-Napoca se analizaron mediante FanPageKarma y RStudio, lo que brindó información sobre la participación pública. La investigación subraya la importancia de las plataformas en línea para promover la transparencia, la participación ciudadana y la toma de decisiones colaborativa en la gobernanza abierta. Revela que a pesar de que el número de puestos de consulta pública es relativamente bajo, afirman el compromiso con la gobernanza participativa. Curiosamente, las publicaciones que no invitaban explícitamente a la consulta pública registraron tasas de participación más altas, lo que sugiere la necesidad de contenido atractivo y comprensión de la audiencia. El estudio también encontró que los puestos de planificación urbana tenían una menor participación, lo que indica una posible necesidad de estrategias de comunicación más simples para temas técnicos. Los hallazgos destacan que, si bien las plataformas digitales se han utilizado de manera efectiva para la participación ciudadana, existe la necesidad de una mejora y adaptación continuas para mantener una gobernanza transparente e inclusiva. La investigación se suma a nuestra comprensión de las estrategias empleadas en las transiciones digitales y la importancia de medir la percepción pública de la comunicación en línea.
High air humidity dampens salicylic acid pathway and NPR1 function to promote plant disease
Authors: Yao Lingya , Jiang Zeyu , Wang Yiping , Hu Yezhou , Hao Guodong , Zhong Weili , Wan Shiwei , Xin Xiu‐Fang
Published: September 2023

The occurrence of plant disease is determined by interactions among host, pathogen, and environment. Air humidity shapes various aspects of plant physiology and high humidity has long been known to promote numerous phyllosphere diseases. However, the molecular basis of how high humidity interferes with plant immunity to favor disease has remained elusive. Here we show that high humidity is associated with an “immuno‐compromised” status in Arabidopsis plants. Furthermore, accumulation and signaling of salicylic acid (SA), an important defense hormone, are significantly inhibited under high humidity. NPR1, an SA receptor and central transcriptional co‐activator of SA‐responsive genes, is less ubiquitinated and displays a lower promoter binding affinity under high humidity. The cellular ubiquitination machinery, particularly the Cullin 3‐based E3 ubiquitin ligase mediating NPR1 protein ubiquitination, is downregulated under high humidity. Importantly, under low humidity the Cullin 3a/b mutant plants phenocopy the low SA gene expression and disease susceptibility that is normally observed under high humidity. Our study uncovers a mechanism by which high humidity dampens a major plant defense pathway and provides new insights into the long‐observed air humidity influence on diseases.
Pendampingan Hukum bagi Tenaga Migran Indonesia di Tempat Singgah Sementara KJRI Johor Bahru
Authors: Riyanto R Benny , Martuti Nana Kariada Tri , Hidayah Isti , Forestyanto Yoga Wika
Published: September 2023

Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) menjadi hal yang sangat penting dan harus diperhatikan oleh negara. Sebab, pekerja Migran sangat membutuhkan pemahaman dan pendampingan terkait perlindungan bagi PMI. Ini supaya PMI yang menjadi salah satu sumber devisa negara menjadi aman dan nyaman dalam bekerja di negara lain. Johor merupakan salah satu negara bagian dari Malaysia, dimana menjadi salah satu wilayah yang mempunyai jumlah PMI terbanyak sehingga ditemui berbagai permasalahan baik pada PMI yang Legal maupun Ilegal. Pekerja migran Indonesia yang mengalami masalah di tampung pada Tempat Singgah Sementara yang disediakan KJRI Johor bahru, sebagai upaya memberikan rasa aman dan nyaman kepada PMI, maka tim pengabdian memberikan pendampingan hukum kepada PMI. Program tersebut fokus pada 45 PMI yang mengalami masalah hukum dan akan dikembalikan ke Indonesia, selain itu tim pengabdian memberikan peatihan alat peraga manipulatif matematika kepada guru sekolah Indonesia Johor Bahru (SIJB) yang dapat di aplikasikan pada siswa-siswi pekerja migran di Johor bahru.
Physical, psychological and biochemical recovery from anabolic steroid-induced hypogonadism: a scoping review
Authors: Solanki Pravik , Eu Beng , Smith Jeremy , Allan Carolyn , Lee Kevin
Published: September 2023

Hypogonadism can result following anabolic steroid abuse. The duration and degree of recovery from anabolic steroid-induced hypogonadism (ASIH) is immensely variable, and there is a paucity of prospective controlled data characterising the trajectory of natural recovery following cessation. This poses difficulties for users trying to stop androgen abuse, and clinicians wanting to assist them. The objective of this paper was to synthesise evidence on the physical, psychological and biochemical patterns of ASIH recovery. We present the pathophysiology of ASIH through a literature review of hypothalamic–pituitary–testosterone axis recovery in supraphysiological testosterone exposure. This is followed by a scoping review of relevant observational and interventional studies published on PubMed and finally, a conclusion that is an easy reference for clinicians helping patients that are recovering from AAS abuse. Results indicate that ASIH recovery depends on age and degree of androgen abuse, with physical changes like testicular atrophy expected to have near full recovery over months to years; spermatogenesis expected to achieve full recovery over months to years; libido returning to baseline over several months (typically less potent than during AAS use); and recovery from gynaecomastia being unlikely. For psychological recovery, data are insufficient and conflicting, indicating a transient withdrawal period which may be followed by persisting longer-term milder symptoms. For biochemical recovery, near complete recovery of testosterone is seen over months, and complete gonadotropin recovery is expected over 3–6 months. Further prospective studies are indicated to more closely describe patterns of recovery.
Sex hormones, sex chromosomes, and microbiota: identification of Akkermansia muciniphila as an estrogen-responsive bacterium
Authors: Sakamuri Anil , Bardhan Pritam , Tummala Ramakumar , Mauvais-Jarvis Franck , Yang Tao , Joe Bina , Ogola Benard Ojwang
Published: September 2023

Microbiota composition is known to be linked to sex. However, separating sex hormones and sex chromosome roles in gut microbial diversity is yet to be determined. To investigate the sex chromosome role independent of sex hormones, we used the four-core genotype mouse model. In this mouse model, males with testes and females with ovaries have XX or XY sex chromosome complement. In gonadectomized four-core genotype mice, we observed a significant decrease in the levels of estradiol (P < 0.001) and progesterone (P < 0.03) in female and testosterone (P < 0.0001) in male mice plasma samples. Independent of sex chromosome complement, microbial α diversity was increased in gonadectomized female but not male mice compared to sex-matched gonad-intact controls. β diversity analysis showed separation between male (P < 0.05) but not female XX and XY mice. Importantly, Akkermansiamuciniphila was less abundant in gonadectomized compared to gonadal intact female mice (P < 0.0001). In the presence of β-estradiol, A.muciniphila growth exponentially increased, providing evidence for the identification of a female sex hormone-responsive bacterium (P < 0.001).
Numerical recording systems among the indigenous groups of southern Costa Rica
Authors: Rodríguez-Sánchez Rodríguez-Sánchez , Palumbo Scott , Morales-Céspedes Frank
Published: September 2023

The main objective of this document is to present indigenous notational systems, and their recent forms of usage, in three Chibchan towns in Costa Rica, an area where there were no empires or states during the pre-Columbian period, to associate the use of this recording technology with these types of political systems, as it has been done until recently. This is a qualitative and exploratory study. In Talamanca, there are records from 1875 to the present. Among Borucas, Ngöbes and Bribris, this practice had mainly a mnemonic use. Thanks to these results, we are left to analyze and rethink the association of this record form with the presence of states or empires in the archaeological past, and the possibility of creating recoding systems.