bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT ON THE INDONESIAN NAVY SHIP PROJECT USING HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK CONTROL
Authors: Nugroho Sukmo Hadi , Suharjo Bambang , Bandono Adi , Haryanto Agus Tri
Published: June 2021

Indonesian Navy ships (KAL) is one element of the Integrated Fleet Weapon System (SSAT), which plays an important role in carrying out tasks in the defense field. So, we need an optimal KAL readiness to support the passage of the operation to be carried out successfully and smoothly. One of the ways used to prepare KAL is to carry out routine maintenance through the docking process. However, in practice there are accidents  suffered by workers.This research was conducted using the HIRARC method. HIRARC is a method of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control measures that are used for this method is considered moreappropriate and more accurately where the dangers that arise in the process described docking of any work activity. In this method also provides appropriate control measures for each hazard. Based on the results of the HIRARC analysis, each suction work activity of docking based Risk Ranking will be sorted according to the level of Risk Matrix and will be discussed further against high risks and implemented controls. Then the resulting draft recommendation to minimize workplace accidents in the docking process is by way of elimination, Administration Control and Use of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment).Keywords: HIRARC method, Docking process, KAL.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MONITORING SYSTEM APPLICATIONS LYN SEPARATION OF STTAL PERSONNEL BASED ON ANDROID SYSTEM
Authors: Suprayitno Suprayitno , Supartono Supartono , Marbandi Arie , Setiyawan Antonius Abdi
Published: June 2021

The STTAL personnel pickup lyn mechanism and system is a means of pick-up transportation that helps STTAL personnel to transport departures from the pickup location to the work unit (satker). With the STTAL personnel pickup lyn facility can improve the performance of personnel at each work unit, travel time to the work unit is faster than using public transportation. Updated information related to vehicles in support of personnel pick-up cannot yet be fully accessed by personnel, so misinformation often occurs. Therefore, it is necessary to design an Android-based personnel pickup lyn monitoring system application. Here we will design a device for monitoring the pickup lyn by using a transmitter device in the form of a cellphone carried by a man or driver. This system can provide information through an application that is embedded on Android by looking at an integrated application in Open Street Map, which is able to send vehicle position data through an application that is planted on the Android user so that STTAL personnel can monitor the position of pickup service vehicles and updated information related to the vehicle. worn. Users can access the application and see the pickup lyn position on the android mobile. After this system is built, it makes it easy for all STTAL personnel who use the pickup service vehicles to monitor the position of the vehicle through applications that are planted on Android.

Keywords : Android, Lyn pickup personnel, Open Street Map
ANALYSIS OF FUEL QUALITY EFFECT ON THE LIFE TIME FROM HIGH-PRESSURE PUMP OF ENGINE MTU 12 V 4000 M 71
Authors: Sutrisno Sutrisno , Kusdiana Wawan , Nugroho Anton , Rahman Abdul
Published: June 2021

Fuel is one of the important components in the combustion process. A good fuel is a clean fuel where the fuel is colorless, watery, has a high flash point, it can ignite spontaneously at a temperature of 350ºC, and has a specific gravity of about 0.82-0.86. On the other hand, KRI Kelabang-826 is an Indonesian republic warship that functions as a patrol boat. This causes the ship to have a medium duty engine, the MTU 12 V 4000 M 71 engine. This engine itself is a sophisticated engine because it uses common rail technology with a High-Pressure Pump as the supplying pump. This pump is very susceptible to damage, this is proven by not achieving the life time of the High-Pressure Pump which is 7500 Running Hours or once a W5- level maintenance. This is caused by poor quality of fuel, where the fuel used contains water and impurities. Therefore, the preventive ways are needed in order to achieve the life time of this High-Pressure Pump component.

Keywords: Fuel Quality, MTU 12 V 4000 M 71, High-Pressure Pump, and Condor Class.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF FIN SWIMMING INSTRUCTION PACKAGE FOR NAVAL CADETS ACADEMY
Authors: Noveriyanto Taufik Shigit , Sitompul Nurmida Catherine , Wiyarno Yoso
Published: June 2021

Instruction package is a learning instruction containing teaching material directed at the achievement of instructional objectives to be given to educators and students, which includes lesson plans, lesson programs, educational and training books, student exercise books, testing tools and a list of instructional tools. In military education lecturers or educators must be able to provide and present material well and it is hoped that cadets can apply it when practical training is carried out. Therefore PI is very necessary for the success of a practice exercise. Cadets is a soldier of the Naval Academy students as individuals who are guided, cared for, assisted and trained until they become officers. Fin swimming is a water sport activity that is carried out by a swimmer by using a mask, snorkel and fins equipment, to be able to dive, move faster in water and last longer on the surface of the water. In this research, the formulation of the problem examined is what factors need to be developed to improve the quality of PI Fin Swimming in order to help facilitate the understanding of Naval Cadets Academy with sub-problems are the feasibility of the content, linguistic aspects, presentation aspects and graphic aspects. The research instrument used in the questionnaire was closed and open questions. Data analysis is carried out through the process of triangulating data and information obtained when conducting research or direct observation. The respondents were cadets of Level IV Naval Academy, Teaching Materials Expert, Head of the Physical Department. The selection of respondents is done by purposive random sampling technique. The factors that must be corrected from each item aspects are as follows: aspects of the appropriateness of contents or material that are generally included in the good category, sub-aspects that get enough votes from respondents are conformity with the development of science and technology and examples are quite varied and applicable but not yet can motivate more cadets to find more appropriate movement techniques during learning, linguistic aspects are generally included in the good category, sub-aspects that get sufficient assessment from respondents are the clarity of information conveyed and are quite interactive so that cadets still have difficulty understanding even more so when studied by themselves, aspects of the presentation in general are included in either category, sub-aspects that get less assessment from the respondent is the column of learning material summary, aspects of graphics in general. The results of the evaluation were followed up by developing a PI and respondents were asked to provide a response. The responses of each respondent can be concluded in general that the PI Fin Swimming results of the development were good and fulfilled every aspect of the PI as a teachingmaterial for Cadets.Keywords: Instruction Package, Cadets, Development, Fin Swimming
THE OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF NAVY HUMAN RESOURCES FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF NAVY PERSONNEL
Authors: Pudiastuti Elisabeth Tanti
Published: June 2021

The importance of the role of Operational Management and Human Resources are closely related toperformance quality of the Indonesian Navy personnel. There is a must-have for every personnel toimprove the optimal performance of competence development. The problem discussed in thisresearch is how the operational management to improve the performance of Indonesian NavyPersonnel. The purpose of this research is to know the relation of performance quality ocompetence toNavy performance support instrument and to analyze the influence of Human Resources on Navyperformance. The method used is descriptive analysis of the influence of teh Operational ManagementHuman Resources on performance. Based on the results of the study, a person with adequateexperience and technical qualifications, not necessarily have good performance, if the concerned isunable to show the behavior that supports the implementation of the task.Keyword: Operational Management, Navy Human Resources, Performance Quality
MENTAL WORKLOAD ANALYSIS OF NAVAL CADET ACADEMY USING SUBJECTIVE WORKLOAD ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUE (SWAT) METHODS
Authors: Pudiastuti Elisabeth Tanti
Published: June 2021

There are plentiful activities conducted by the Cadets in order to hold educational process at the NavalAcademy. These activities are particularly vulnerable to physical and psychological friction, especiallyin routine and nurturing activities, where activities in this phase are thought to cause the Cadets toexperience excessive mental workloads which may result in the Cadets being unable to continue theireducation. Therefore, this research would identify one of the factors that were suspected to be thecause of the problem which was psychological factor or mental workload on the Academy of Navalusing Subjective Workload Asessesment Technique (SWAT) method. SWAT method was chosenbecause it was easier to apply and had some advantages in terms of results validity and accuracy, sothat the performance of Cadets expected by Institution were: Tanggap, Tanggon and Trengginas. Theresults of this study indicated that there was a high mental workload for some sub activities at somelevel. The highest mental workload in level I is 69,0 (RPS activity), in level II is 83,4 (senior juniordevelopment), in level III is 77,6 (senior junior development). Besides this research also showed thatthe mental workload between the four levels of Level I, II, III and IV had a significant difference inmental workload in carrying out every activity at the Academy.Keywords: Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT), Mental Workload, Cadets.
ANALYSIS OF PATIENT SATISFACTION WITH THE QUALITY OF HEALTH SERVICES AT NALA HUSADA DENTAL HOSPITAL (RSGM), HANG TUAH UNIVERSITY, SURABAYA
Authors: Priyono Budi
Published: June 2021

RSGM Nala Husada Dental Hospital, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya is a center for service, development of science, dental and maritime technology as well as being the main teaching hospital for the UHT Faculty of Dentistry in order to improve people's oral and dental health. Supported by doctors, specialist dentists, pharmacists, medics, administrative personnel and adequate dental technology, it also functions to carry out dental and oral health services that prioritize treatment and patient recovery activities carried out in an integrated manner with efforts to improve and prevent as well as carry out referral efforts. Although service facilities are available Nala Husada Hospital, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya quite complete, but because of the many existing health institutions, it is very necessary to conduct research on the level of satisfaction of Nala Husada Hospital, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya. This study aims to provide input for parties Nala Husada Hospital, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya how the level of patient satisfaction with the quality of health services at Nala Husada Hospital, then what types of services need to be improved and instruments that can be used by the parties will be provided Nala Husada Hospital, to evaluate the quality of health services at Nala Husada Hospital, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya every year.

 

Keywords: Patient satisfaction, quality of dental and oral health services, RSGM Nala Husada
MODEL SELECTION OF KRI CHANGE OF DEVELOPMENT TO SUPPORT THE MAIN TASKS OF THIRD FLEET USING THE MCDM INTEGRATION METHOD
Authors: Arimbo Tunang , Suparno Suparno , Ahmadi Ahmadi , Krisdiono Eko
Published: June 2021

Third Fleet is the Main Command of the Indonesian Navy as Operation City which is tasked with carrying out defense and security operations of the maritime dimension by securing the territorial waters of eastern Indonesia. The operation in these waters is faced with the vulnerability of frequent violations, geological conditions consisting of thousands of islands and shallow straits, extreme weather and also with limited state defense budget conditions. Therefore, it is very necessary to have a KRI that is right and ready to face these challenges and obstacles so that the goals of the organization can be achieved. The purpose of this study was to analyze the criteria and determine the type of KRI needed in accordance with the conditions in Third Fleet. This study uses an integration between the Delphi method and the AHP method. The results of this study are expected to be input and consideration for the leadership of the Indonesian Navy. The next 299 are fast boats with a weight value of 0.149 then Amfibious ships with a weight value of 0.154 then Bantu ships with a weight value of 0.131 then Mine ships with a weight value of 0.119 and Submarines with a value of 0.114. The results of this study are expected to be input and consideration for the leadership of the Indonesian Navy.

 

Keywords: Third Fleet, Delphi, AHP
THE GROUPING OF VILLAGES ON KB SUPPORTING INDICATORS AS A BASIC MAPPING FOR FORMATION KAMPUNG KB IN SURABAYA
Authors: Permatasari Erma Oktania , Wibowo Wahyu , Priyono Budi
Published: June 2021

Population problems in Indonesia is still important and complex issues that must be resolved. Indonesia has the fourth largest population after China, India and the United States. Uncontrolled population growth will cause problems, such as lack of employment opportunity, unemployment and increased crime. To solve these problems, the government through BKKBN (The National Population and Family Planning) increase the promotion of Family Planning (KB) with the slogan "two children are enough". To support the success of KB program, the government is introducing Kampung KB program. Based on description, this research will be investigated how the grouping of villages based on KB supporting indicators as basic mapping for formation Kampung KB in Surabaya, because Surabaya is the second largest city in Indonesia after Jakarta. The variables used in this research are contraceptive prevalence rate/ CPR, the survival rate of contraceptive use, mix contraceptive, unmet need, the number of pra prosperous and prosperous I familyies, the number of toddler, the number of elderly, long-term contraceptionon method, the number of male participation KB, the number of women of childbearing age, the number of patriarch by employment status, the number of patriarch by education level, the number of population, and the number of teenagers marriages under 20 years old. The results show that using cluster hierarchy analysis and cluster non hierarchy analysis, the optimum grouping is 4 groups.

Keywords: Population, KB program, Kampung KB.
STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF HUMAN RESOURCES THROUGH AN ORGANIZATIONAL WORK PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: Pudiastuti Elisabeth Tanti , Nugroho Sukmo Hadi
Published: June 2021

One of the successes of a company in achieving its vision and mission is influenced by the quality of Human Resources (HR) in the company environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the importance and formulation of human resource management strategies and job satisfaction that have an impact on employee productivity. In this study, observing the application of Human Resources at the Management of Indonesian Company, based on service targets and operations. In this study, a questionnaire was prepared for respondents to be interviewed and the results were used to analyze the achievement of the HR performance at the company, namely the probability of company productivity. Furthermore, it can be identified what strategies the company undertakes to achieve its vision and mission. In the final section, it can be concluded that the quality of human resources needs to be improved according to the company's performance targets in achieving the company's vision and mission.

 

Keywords: HR Management, HR Performance, Company Productivity
THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGY OF INDONESIAN NAVAL REPAIRMENT AND MAINTENANCE FACILITY (FASHARKAN) TO SUPPORT THE READINESS OF BATTLESHIPS IN FIRST FLEET COMMAND BY USING TOWS METHOD (CASE STUDY FASHARKAN JAKARTA)
Authors: Kuncoro Kuncoro , Wirjodirdjo Budisantoso , Suharyo Okol Sri , Mustofa As'ad Aris
Published: June 2021

Repair and Maintenance facility Jakarta is supporting facility component of Indonesian Naval Fleet which has duties to maintain and repair the ships that location is very strategics in Naval Base I. This is as KRI berth and technical condition preparation before doing the operation. The purpose of this research is to determine alternative strategy and roadmap for developing Fasharkan Jakarta with using TOWS analysis (Treaths Opportunities Weaknesses Strength) and ISM (Interpretative Structural Modeling). According to result of TOWS matrix analysis, SO strategy is consisting of eight strategic, four strategic for ST, nine strategic for WO, and four strategic for WT. Based on Weighting by using EFAS and IFAS matrix, WO strategy is as the choosen strategy, as the result WO strategy is become the first alternative. According to the elements clarification results for WO strategy, it gets five levels hierarchy. In this hyrarcy structure can be known that WO8 and WO9 sub strategies are in the level five position, then WO7 sub strategy in the level four strategy. Besides, in the level III is consist of WO5, in the level II is sub strategy WO1, WO3, WO6 and in the level I there are WO2 and WO4 sub strategies.

 

Keywords: Repair and Maintenance Facility Jakarta, Developing Strategic, TOWS and ISM.
TIME ACCELERATION ANALYSIS AND OPTIMAL COST OF HOSPITAL HOSPITAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT ON SHIP BUILDING USING CRITICAL PATH METHOD (CASE STUDY: PT. PAL INDONESIA (PERSERO))
Authors: Tresnadi Agung , Suparno Suparno , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Kusdiana Wawan
Published: June 2021

Hospital Auxiliary Ship is an Indonesian Navy ship produced by PT. PAL Indonesia (Persero). The construction of this BRS ship was very time consuming and one of the main parts of the ship building project was the construction of the hull structure. In relation to time and production costs, the shipyard must be as efficient as possible in the use of time in each activity or activity, so that costs can be minimized from the original plan. Acceleration of the total duration in a project is done by accelerating critical activities in the project. To find out which are the critical activities of a project, the Critical Path Method (CPM) technique is used; namely by drawing a Network Diagram of the project. By using the CPM method in scheduling a ship hull construction project, it can be seen which activities should take precedence so as not to experience delays and waste. After that, the crashing method is carried out by increasing work hours (overtime) which aims to speed up the time of the project. The results of research for activities that are in the initial critical path with the CPM method can be seen as activities A, C, H, M, R, W, AB, AC, AD, AI, AP, AT, BA, BJ, BN. After accelerating, the critical path activities include activities A, C, H, M, R, W, X, AC, AD, AI, AP, AT, BA, BH, BO. Calculation of the project during initial conditions with Early working days without using overtime hours PT PAL Indonesia (Persero) costs Rp. 5,299,631,000, - while the Crashing Method is through the addition of 1 hour / day overtime so that the project implementation can be accelerated from the initial implementation of 450 days to 412 days and PT. PAL Indonesia (Persero) issued a project cost of Rp. 5,323,752,480, -.

 

 Keywords: Hospital Support Ship, Scheduling, CPM, Crashing.
THE OPERATIONAL READINESS FOR ANTI SUBMARINE INDONESIAN NAVAL BY USING ANTI SUBMARINE HELICOPTER
Authors: Muksin Muksin , Ciptomulyono Udisubakti , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Sunarta Sunarta
Published: June 2021

Some of the Indonesian naval effort to see and protect the Indonesian territory is by using Helicopter sea patrol. In the other side, submarines are the most strategic weapons in the world that can provide a deterrence effect which has a very significant impact on the maritime powers of the countries operating them in the era of generation 4.0 war. Operational readiness is very important, there are readiness in building operational readiness for naval defense through budget fulfillment, utilization of existing resources, procurement and naval modernization by paying attention to Life Cycle Cost, and interoperability while still paying attention to paradigm shifts in naval capability. So, the combat readiness is the condition of the Indonesian Navy's defense equipment and its constituent units, resources and personnel, weapon systems and other military technology equipment in a condition that is ready to carry out military operations in an unspecified time, or function consistent with the purpose for which the defense equipment is organized or designed, the management of resources and training personnel in preparation for combat in the face of the threat of modern warfare in a state of constant combat readiness. At this time, training in Anti-Submarine Warfare conducted by Indonesian Navy’s Helicopter is still limited to carrying out flight procedures, communication procedures with the KRI and the command line, because Helicopters have sensors, weapons and command that need to be upgraded and The personnel also have underwater warfare capabilities that need to be upgraded, so there needs to be an increase in the capability of the helicopter and human resources. Technometry will be used to calculate the Heli's current readiness level.

Keywords: Submarine, Anti Submarine Helicopter and operational readiness
USING OF PROFILE MATCHING AND BORDA METHOD IN PREDICTING THREATS COUNTRY IN ASEAN
Authors: Krisna Murti Pius Herdasa , Wirjodirdjo Budisantoso , Bastari Avando , Ahmadi Ahmadi
Published: June 2021

Every single country of this world wants to enlarge and optimize their territory. It causes every single country get competition to strengthen their country. In the other side they want some comfort condition, the condition is free from anxiety and the ability to predict threats, is a situation esired by all citizens. Not yet optimal in countermeasures and predicting the direction of the threat. The need for innovation in the method of determination according to the current state. Research based on the Decision Support System (DSS) trying will provide a solution in determining the predictor of the threat state. Using the Profile Matching method researchers try to map the profiles of countries located in the region. Providing problem solving by modifying the Profile Matching method is to start with delphi method in obtaining the determining criteria of research and weighting it with Borda technique. The criteria and weighting as the constituent criteria of the threat predictor country's strength profile, followed by the role so that the names of the threat predictor countries in Southeast Asia are obtained. The determination of the predictor state will facilitate in countermeasures or deal with it as well as provide actual information of where the threat comes from and the disertor criteria where the country can be weakened by Indonesia.

 

Keywords: Strategic Position, threat, Southeast Asia Country, Profile Matching, Borda Method.
ANALYSIS OF SAFETY SYSTEM RELIABILITY KI HADJAR DEWANTARA MAKO KODICLATAL BUILDING TOWARDS FIRE HAZARDS PREVENTION
Authors: Alfianzi Dodiek , Syahtaria Ikhwan , Mulyono Udisubakti Cipto , Astika I Made Jiwa
Published: June 2021

Designing a fire prevention inspection system in buildings is very necessary, to determine the level of reliability. The fire prevention management system uses the following criteria: precautionary measures and preventive supervision against fire hazards. The assessment of the system design is carried out by means of a questionnaire for respondents who understand / are experts in fire problems, and the application of the system design uses direct surveys and questionnaires to the building manager. The assessment is carried out at the smallest level. Analysis of the building reliability inspection system in fire prevention using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, the criteria used are: prevention, limitation and extinguishing against fire. The fire prevention management system uses the following criteria: precautionary measures and preventive supervision against fire hazards. The results of the reliability inspection of the Ki Hadjar Dewantara Mako Kodiklatal building in Surabaya with a value of 94.06% indicated that the reliability system was in the "Less Reliable" category for fire hazard prevention.

 

Keywords: Inspection, fire prevention, reliability.
RESOLUTION DECISION-MAKING TO INCREASE THE ROLE OF THE UNITED NATIONS FOR WORLD PEACE
Authors: Edwin Edwin
Published: June 2021

The United Nations (UN) was founded on October 24, 1945 or after World War II ended. At the time of its establishment, the UN consists of 51 member countries and continues to grow until now it has 193 members. The birth of the UN was motivated by the failure of The League of Nations because it could not realize the desire of its founders to create peace throughout the world by preventing war. After World War I, it turned out that World War II was still followed. The UN is considered successful in preventing a widespread war so that until now there has been no World War III. However, in the current situation, wars in several parts of the world have recurred, such as in Syria, Palestine, Azerbaijan and others. The existence of the UN as a universal organization that maintains peace is again being questioned. The ability, especially the Security Council, as one of its organs to prevent war, needs to be improved.

 

Keywords: The Security Council, UN Charter, Veto
CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF THE INFLUENCE OF BORDER CULTURE ON MARITIME POLICY AND THEIR IMPACT ON NATIONAL DEFENSE
Authors: Pane Maniur , Suhud Usep , Purnawa Dedi , Anwar Choirul
Published: June 2021

Historical facts show that in their heyday, the kingdoms in the archipelago such as Majapahit and Sriwijaya were maritime kingdoms with enormous power. With the ability to project their military power on and through the media of the sea, the two great empires were able to control the entire archipelago and even abroad. Although the government has declared Indonesia as the world's maritime axis, in its implementation there are several obstacles and among them are related to the culture of border communities who still do things that are contrary to the laws and regulations in Indonesia. The object of the research in this study is focused on the culture of the Indonesian people who are on the border area of ​​Indonesia and the Philippines in the province of North Sulawesi, which has hundreds of years and for generations, has a relationship with the Filipinos. So that by examining the variables related to the culture of border communities, it will be possible to determine the best maritime policy that can have positive implications for Indonesia's national security. This study aims to obtain a conceptual model that can present the cultural influence of border communities on the Indonesian government's maritime policy and its implications for Indonesia's national security, this model is needed as a basis for determining maritime policies that can have positive implications for strengthening Indonesia's national security. The conceptual model and framework are based on quantitative descriptive analysis method by describing the relationship between the variables and the indicators of each variable. The results of the study show that there is a significant influence between X1 (social culture of border communities) and Y1 (Maritime Policy), there is no significant effect between X2 (Economic activities of border communities) and Y1.

 

Keywords: Social culture, economic activity, illegal activities, maritime policy, national security.
Thermodynamic Analysis of a Gamma-configuration Stirling Engine
Authors: Munir Afnan Mukhtar  , Rosli Abu Bakar  , Mohd Farid Zainudin
Published: June 2021

Stirling engine is seen as a viable alternative to the conventional power generator due to its special capability to work with externally supplied heat sources which make the renewable and waste energy can be applied directly for a green energy production. Researchers from institutions and industries around the world have put their efforts in developing Stirling engine from numerical analysis to prototype development. In this paper, a simple thermodynamic analysis has been done on a proposed slider-crank gamma-configuration Stirling engine. The purpose of this analysis is to investigate the engine working capability of the proposed design prior to its prototype development. The analysis is done based on modified Schmidt ideal adiabatic model. The expansion and compression space temperature were set as 573K and 300K, respectively and air was used as the working fluid. With the assumed speed of 300rpm and running at atmospheric pressure, from the analysis, the proposed engine is predicted to produce 33.41W of power output. Additional to that, the selection of 90° phase angle also has been verified and the relationship between the temperature difference and produced power output also has been investigated. It is found that with 400K increment of the temperature difference between expansion and compression space, the produced power output can be increased by 94.93%. From the analysis, it showed that the proposed design can be proceeded for the prototype development.
Computational Investigation of The Exhalation Process with and Without Wearing a Protective Mask
Authors: Islam Ahmed Mohamed Mohamed El Sayed  , Ahmed Farouk AbdelGawad
Published: June 2021

This paper shows different simulations of airflow patterns for the human face during exhalation with and without wearing a protective mask. The nasal airways were defined based on biological anthropology and medicine instructions. A three-dimensional body-manikin of African athlete of 1.8 meters tall was employed to the expiration (exhalation) flow study using ANSYS-Fluent software. There were two different mask models included in the flow simulations and were manufactured by means of 3D-printing technology. The two manufactured masks were designed using SolidWorks software. The study was carried out four times during the exhalation process of a human wearing the two masks and without wearing them. The velocity magnitudes were significantly different while wearing the mask in comparison to the cases of not wearing it. The results demonstrate the capability of using 3D-printed masks as a replacement of the traditional medical masks (i.e., N95 and surgical masks) with retaining the same functions of the protective mask. Thus, based on the present study and due to the great shortage of surgical and medical masks availability locally and globally, the 3D-printed masks might be a temporary solution to limit the vast spread of contagious diseases like the dangerous COVID-19 outbreak.
Reduction of Drag Resistance by Pressure Drop in Pipeline with 3-Dimensional Design Optimization
Authors: Gunawan  , Allessandro Setyo Anggito Utomo  , F. Fariz  , S. A. Lambang
Published: June 2021

The searching for the most optimal pipeline route is a crucial problem in the maritime world because it consumes total designing time by 50%. Also, with different types of ships increases the design complexity. The usual design process has not considered the aspect of distance, cost, obstacles, drag, and pressure reduction in the pipeline very accurately. However, along with algorithms' development to optimize pipeline design, the time can be cut by 40%. This research uses computer-generated Dijkstra's algorithm to optimize pipeline design by considering several constraints in pipe spacing, the number of bends, crossings, pipeline stacks to improve drag reduction, and reducing pressure. This research was conducted to see the effect of pipe mapping on pressure drop, which is too influenced by human decisions that cannot consider bending, crossing, pipe piling, and bending of pipes that are too many to be considered by humans. Helping humans choose pipe mappings with various considerations that can affect pressure drop is advantageous because mapping helps to cut production times and produce a more efficient flow. In this study, this research aims to produce pressure drop by mapping pipes using the Djikstra algorithm by considering bending, crossing, and stacking, which are presented based on the 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional mapping. The data generated in the way of a comparison between drag reduction and pressure drop in pipe design optimization utilizing Dijkstra's and without using the Dijkstra's algorithm with 3-dimensional projections. The result shows the improvement of the drag reduction rate by 8% by decreasing pressure drop by 13%.
3D Printing Technology for Thermal Application: A Brief Review
Authors: Rajan Kumaresan  , Mahendran Samykano  , Kumaran Kadirgama  , Devarajan Ramasamy  , Ngui Wai Keng  , Adarsh Kumar Pandey
Published: June 2021

3D printing is an emerging technology to construct complex geometry by adapting layer-by-layer addition technique from a 3-dimensional CAD model. Mass customization, freedom of design, and wastage minimization are the main advantages of Additive Manufacturing (AM) based 3D printing. 3D printing is currently used in many sectors worldwide, such as automotive, aerospace, agriculture, medical, electronics, and other household products. However, the usage of the AM technique is limited in large production sectors due to the limitation of the materials and properties of the produced parts. In this review, the different methods of 3D printing, the materials used in different processes, various fields of applications, and the properties of the different approaches are discussed. Also, the effect of process parameters such as layer thickness, nozzle temperature, platform temperature, printing speed, extruding rate, and layer height in 3d printing was reviewed. This will be helpful for further development of 3D printed product quality and applications in various sectors.
Study on the Performance of Scroll Compressor Applied for Medium Temperature Refrigeration System
Authors: I Nyoman Suamir  , I Made Rasta  , Adi Winarta  , I Wayan Adi Subagia  , Made Ery Arsana
Published: June 2021

Recent research shows great interest in increasing energy efficiency of a refrigeration system and finding appropriate configurations to optimize its performance. One of the main component in the refrigeration system is compressor. Therefore, the compressor plays an important role in a refrigeration system for energy performance optimization. The study is aimed to experimentally investigate temperature and energy performance of a scroll compressor applied for medium temperature refrigeration systems. Tests were conducted in a water cooled medium temperature refrigeration system. Temperature performance evaluation of the compressor referred to the IEEE Standard 112, while energy efficiency of the compressor was calculated from the energy performance of the refrigeration system. The results clearly show that evaporating temperature together with degree of superheat at suction line of the compressor can significantly affect temperature performance of the scroll compressor. Results of the study have also shown significant improvement on the compressor energy efficiency accounted for 10.4% when the evaporating temperature increases from -8.3 °C to -2.4 °C.
The Sulphate Removal via Post Alkaline Treatment on Nanocrystalline Cellulose with Different Lignin Content Extracted from Kenaf Core
Authors: Fatimah Athiyah Sabaruddin  , Paridah Md Tahir  , Lee Seng Hua  , Lee Chuan Li
Published: June 2021

The production of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) usually takes place through a series of chemical processes like pulping, bleaching and acid hydrolysis process. The hydrolysis processes using strong acid like H2SO4 can help the NCC to have a high degree of crystallinity and imparts a negative surface charge to NCC. However, the application of H2SO4 leads to increment in dehydration reaction and lowered the NCC thermal properties. Post alkaline treatment is the method that is commonly used to recover the effect of H2SO4 by neutralizing the acid using a strong base like sodium hydroxide (NaOH). On the other hand, the effect of lignin in fibres was able to help in improving the thermal properties and extraction of lignin was seen involving an excessive number of chemicals. The lignin part can remain in the pulp by controlling the bleaching process. Therefore in this study, NCC with different lignin content went through post alkaline treatment to remove the remaining sulphate groups. The thermal analysis revealed that the existence of lignin and removal of sulphate groups help to increase the thermal stability of the NCC by shifting the degradation and melting temperature to the higher value.
Akademisyenlerde Kas İskelet Sistemi Rahatsızlıkları Yaygınlığı, İş Gerilimi ve İlişkili Faktörler
Authors: ÖNCÜ Emine , KÖKSOY VAYISOĞLU Sümbüle , GÜVEN Yasemin
Published: June 2021

Araştırmanın amacı akademisyenlerde kas iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıklarının yaygınlığını belirlemek ve iş gerilimi ile ilişkisini değerlendirmektir. Kesitsel nitelikteki araştırma, bir kamu üniversitesinin tüm kampüslerinde görev yapan 289 öğretim elemanıyla 29.09.2017- 28.12.2017’de Tanıtıcı Özellikler Formu, İskandinav Kas İskelet Sistemi Anketi, İş Gerilimi Formu ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Psiko-Sosyal İyilik Hali Ölçeği kullanılarak yüz yüze görüşme yoluyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler bir bilgisayar programı yardımı ile tanımlayıcı istatistikler ile T test, Ki-kare testi, korelasyon analizi ve Binary Lojistik Regresyon Analizi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Katılımcıların yaşı 39,09±1,02, %55,4’ü kadın, %30,8’i araştırma görevlisidir. Akademisyenler son bir ayda en sık boyun ağrısı (%34,9) yaşamıştır. Kas iskelet sistemi sorunu olanlarda işle ilişkili fiziksel risk, iş yükü, iş gerilimi puan ortalamaları yüksektir ve yaşam kalitesi kötüdür (p
Application of the Validated In Vitro Reconstructed Human Skin and Eye Models For Hazard Identification of the Chemical Mixtures
Authors: ÇETİN Yüksel
Published: June 2021

The international and national directives and legislation requires to perfom validated in vitro alternative methods to animal testing of chemicals and mixtures for predictible and precise evoluation of toxicity in human. The regulatory agencies require the hazard assessment on skin and ocular as reported by the United Nations, Globally Harmonized System (UN GHS) of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals. To address this need and investigate the usage of alternative methods, the five representative chemical mixtures were prepared in different compositions and their toxicity was evaluated using in vitro validated EpiDerm™ SCT for skin corrosion, EpiDerm™ SIT for skin irritation, and EpiOcular™ OCL for eye irritation. The tested chemical mixtures 1 and 3 were found corrosive for skin and irritant for both skin and eye. They were identified in the category 1 according to UN GHS. The tested chemical mixtures 2, 4, and 5 were found to be neither corrosive nor irritant to the skin and eye. They were identified in the UN GHS No Category. The potential usage of in vitro Reconstructed Human Epidermis and Cornea-like Epithelial as a replacement to animal testing contributed significantly to classify the ocular and skin irritation/corrosion of liquid and solid chemical mixtures and to comply with the regulatory testing requirements. This study confirm that the use of alternative assays instead of conventional in vivo animal test methods could be very reliable and accurate tool to evaluate the skin and eye irritation/corrosion for hazard identification of chemical mixtures.
Elemental Concentration and Physicochemical Properties of Soils under Different Landuses in Gashua a Sahel Region of Nigeria
Authors: BUSARİ Kehinde , ALHASSAN İbraheem , ONUK Oji
Published: June 2021

Soil elements assessment under various land uses is vital in knowing the status of the soils in terms of fertility and toxicity. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate some elements concentrations of soils under three different land uses in Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria. Samples were randomly taken at 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depth intervals from land uses. The land uses are Dry upland (DU), Lowland (LL) and Residential area (RA). The selected elements were determined in the laboratory using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), while some physicochemical properties were determined using routine soil analysis methods. The results indicated significantly higher concentrations of Iron (6.96 mg kg-1), Manganese (3.12 mg kg-1) and clay content (12.88%), except for Nickel which was higher in DU (2.36 mg kg-1) but at par with the content in LL (2.04 mg kg-1) land use. There was no significant difference within the following soil elements within the study location: Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu) and Lead (Pb) were below detection limit within the soils of the chosen land use types. Generally the soils textural class is sandy loam with higher mean bulk density (1.62g cm-3) and a neutral soil pH (6.81). The physicochemical properties and elements investigated didn’t showed significant differences with soil depth. The basic elemental concentrations within the soils were mostly adequate for crop production, except Zn, with little variability within the landuse. They were generally below the utmost ecological risk permissible level set by WHO and FAO.
Domestic Software Developed for Updating of Finite Element Models and Experimental Modal Analysis of Structures
Authors: ALTUNIŞIK Ahmet , OKUR Fatih
Published: June 2021

Reinforced concrete structures used in many areas of our daily life constitute an important part of the building stock in the construction sector. There are many buildings such as reinforced concrete buildings, bridges, tunnels, mosques and dams, and the construction of new buildings in line with the need continues. Many uncertainty factors play a role in the design phase of these structures from the dimensioning as a result of the analysis performed under the required loadings to the implementation phase in the field. Many unpredictable factors such as errors in the analysis, defects in materials and workmanship affect the success rate of the project of the structure. For this purpose, Experimental Modal Analysis method, which is widely used in the literature, is used to determine the success rate of new structures, to determine the dynamic characteristics and damage conditions of existing structures and structural health monitoring. Natural frequencies, which are the dynamic variables of the structure obtained by experimental modal analysis techniques, and mode shapes and damping ratios corresponding to these frequencies are used in the examination of the current state and structural properties of the structures. However, this experimental data can be obtained by with foreign-source software by allocating large budgets. The results of the native experimental modal analysis and finite element model update software developed within the scope of doctoral thesis are compared with the results of the existing software in the literature. As the application, raw signal data of Gülburnu Bridge and scaled Type-1 Arch Dam constructed in laboratory environment were used. The experimental results of the developed software and the existing software were found to be closely related to each other.
A Review of Hepatitis C Virus: Prevalence, Genotype, Risk Factors in Pakistan Last Quarter of Century
Authors: Masood Aetsam Bin , Abideen Zain Ul , Anjum Salman , Irfan Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Hepatitis C virus has infected over 200 million people worldwide and is the most common blood-borne disease. Pakistan has the HCV prevalence rate of over 8%. A literature search has been performed using different keywords in different databases i.e. PubMed, Google Scholar, and NCBI. 6.2% prevalence rate was found in the general population, 4.13% in healthcare workers and a higher prevalence rate was observed in injection drug users and multi transfusion population. Use of injection was very frequent among the Pakistani population, reuse and sharing of syringes have an association with HCV infections. In Pakistan most prevalent genotype of HIV was 3a. Knowledge about HCV and its risk factors also varies with the educational background. Blood donors should be screened for HCV, awareness campaigns about different risk factors should be initiated at the government level, and strict regulation on healthcare waste should be implemented, these might help in preventing its spread to healthy individuals.
Bioconversion of Saw Dust Powder Acid Hydrolysis to Single Cell Protein by the Yeast Candida tropicalis
Authors: Haider Mustafa
Published: June 2021

This study was aimed to grow the local isolates yeast Candida tropicalis on locally prepared sawdust powder hydrolysate as a basal medium and carbon source with respect to single cell protein (SCP) production. The saw dust powder was treated with 10% H2SO4 for one hour at 100 0C. After cooling the supernatant containing the isolated sugar separated from debris by filtration and used as a carbon source and basal medium for yeast growth and SCP production. A high amount of SCP was achieved after five days of incubation, the percentage of the produced SCP 39.05% of the biomass dry weight, which is equivalent to 3.07g/l. SCP formation biosynthesis was affected by the level of nitrogen present in the medium; a high amount of protein being achieved in fermentation medium containing 0.3% urea in which the percentage of the yielded SCP was increased to 42.54%, (3.71g/l) of the biomass dry weight. The effect of varying nitrogen sources on SCP accumulation was also assayed. Medium containing ammonium phosphate greatly stimulated protein production in which the produced SCP was increased to reach 5.90 g/l. The produced amount equivalent to (48.22%) of the biomass dry weight. Conversely, a medium containing sodium nitrate had a suppressive effect on SCP production. This evidence clearly suggests that the metabolic versatility of Candida tropicalis may be employed in the conversion of low-grade material into high SCP product.
L’intimité et les cambrioleurs
Authors: de Oliveira Maria
Published: June 2021

De l’antiquité à nos jours, la notion d’intimité n’a cessé d’évoluer vers plus d’intériorité. La question de savoir ce qui fonde l’espace intime, tant au niveau de ses différents concepts que de ses inscriptions multiples dans nos « maisons » à la fois extérieures et intérieures, s’inscrit dans un questionnement plus général du rapport entre soi et les autres et entre soi et soi. Que se passe-t-il si l’espace intime de l’individu est inexistant ou dévasté, voire cambriolé ? Quelles sont les voies particulières d’explorations possibles pour créer du lien ? Ces questions résonnent d’autant plus fortement dans une société devenue numérique, de plus en plus distanciée, où les corps s’absentent derrière des écrans. La notion d’intimité et de partage entre le dedans et le dehors devient de plus en plus floue. La fonction et la pratique clinique du thérapeute se trouvent ainsi interrogées et à réaffirmer.