bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pneumonia Review based on Pathogenic Factors
Authors: Lin Cheng , Ye Baibai , Ping Chen , Li Linfu
Published: October 2023

Pneumonia is defined as an inflammation of the lung parenchyma, and is caused by
different factors resulting in varied manifestations and sequelae. Pneumonia has a great impact
on an individual well-being and quality of life, and has brought a heavy economic burden to society. Pneumonia can be classified based on etiologies, lesion sites, coverage, acquisition ways,
disease duration, pathological essence, and so on. Based on the classification of etiologies, this
article briefly reviewed pneumonia from pathogenic characteristics, pathogenic mechanisms,
epidemiology, diagnosis and Chinese medicine treatment. It is found that pneumonia is mainly
caused by pathogens via various mechanisms, often outbreaks in winter and early spring, especially in areas with poor medical conditions, and is inclined to the immunocompromised individuals, such as children under 5 years of age and the elderly, its diagnosis basis are mainly clinical features and chest CT. Up to now, almost all types of pneumonia can be accurately diagnosed and effectively improved by different traditional medicines, especially Chinese medicines,
while the fast diagnosis technology which is specific to its corresponding pathogen remains urgently to be developed.
Secure and Efficient Multi-keyword Fuzzy Search Over Encrypted Data
on Alliance Chain
Authors: Song Jimeng , Shen Ziqi , Yu Han , Lai Rongxin , Li Yuancheng , Wang Qingle , Li JianBin
Published: October 2023

Background::

Data regulation can effectively resist data privacy leakage and abuse in
the process of external sharing of energy big data, but how to securely retrieve vast amounts of
regulatory data is a challenge.

Objective::

To securely retrieve vast amounts of regulatory data, a secure and efficient searchable
encryption scheme that supports multi-keyword fuzzy retrieval on the alliance chain is proposed.

Method::

This scheme encrypts and stores the regulatory data on the hyperledger fabric alliance
chain. Energy big data files (EBDF) are encrypted and stored on a cloud server. Using the symmetric
searchable encryption technology to achieve secure retrieval of regulatory data on the chain
and secure access to EBDF. To improve search efficiency, we propose a SDPHashMap index
structure and use the special manhatton distance matrix(SMDM) measurement to calculate the
similarity of queried keywords and index keywords to locate the trapdoor retrieval hash address.
Utilizing the cuckoo filter cluster to test the membership of queried keywords.

Results::

This scheme stores EBDF off-chain, effectively relieving the storage and communication
pressure of the blockchain, improving search speed, and providing more accurate retrieval services
than single keyword fuzzy retrieval. By the simulation-based adversary- challenger game
model, the security analysis demonstrates that the proposed scheme has adaptive selected keyword
attack semantic security.

Conclusion::

Experimental results show that the proposed scheme has high efficiency in trapdoor
generation and multi-keyword search stages.
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier for Dermatological Application: A Comprehensive Review and Future Perspective
Authors: Singh Bhawana , Kumar Manish , Upadhyay Prabhat Kumar , Singh Amit Kumar
Published: October 2023

:

Dermatological disease states have psychological impacts that affect a patient’s life. In the management of such disorders, topical delivery has an important role. However, the conven-tional topical delivery systems suffer from various limitations, like skin irritation, a minute quan-tity of drugs reaching disease sites, and over and under medication, which leads to an adverse re-action and therapeutic failure, respectively. Therefore, researchers continuously search for an al-ternate delivery system for treating skin disease. In recent years, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) have emanated as promising carrier systems for topical delivery. The current review pro-vides an in-depth insight into topical administration for treating a variety of dermatological issues using NLCs as a carrier. This review highlights the suitability of NLCs as carriers for topical de-livery, their method of preparation, and their characterization. In the present review, the main emphasis has been given to the management of various dermatological problems by using NLCs as a carrier; a plethora of literature investigating NLC as the carrier for topical delivery has been included in this review. In this paper, an attempt has been made to provide a summary of the re-search carried out in this field that will encourage further research in this arena.
Simulative Analysis of Column Mobility Model for Proactive and Reactive
Routing Protocols in Highly Dense MANET
Authors: Kour Satveer , Sarangal Himali , Singh Manjit , Singh Butta
Published: October 2023

One of the most promising fields of research in recent years is Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
(MANET). The well-known advantages of the internet for specific types of applications
lead to the fact that it is a wireless ad-hoc network. As a result, such networks can be utilized in
circumstances where no other wireless communication infrastructure is present. A MANET is a
network of wireless devices without any centralized control. A device can directly communicate
with other devices using a wireless connection. For nodes that are located far from other nodes,
multi-hop routing is employed. The functionality of route-finding is performed by routing protocols.
The mobility model creates the movement pattern for nodes. This article discusses early
research to address concerns about performance indicators for MANET routing protocols under
the Column Mobility Model (CMM). Moreover, we discuss concerns regarding the designs of
the related work, followed by the designed CMM model on the behavior of routing protocols.
The Prognostic Role of Corticosteroid Administration in Hospitalized
Patients with Severe COVID-19: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Yaghoubi Mohammad Ali , Mehrad-Majd Hassan , Moradi Ali , Vakilzadeh Mohammad Moein , Khorasani Zahra Mazloum , Ghavi Mahmoud , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: October 2023

Background and Objective:

The COVID-19 pandemic is a recent global issue with
no established consensus on treatments. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the impact
of corticosteroid (CS) pulses on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients admitted to hospitals.

Methods:

In this retrospective single-center cross-sectional study, we used hospital records of
all consecutive patients aged 18 years or older admitted to the hospital from July 23rd to September
23rd, 2021. All patients included in the study had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection
using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and required hospitalization. Demographic and
clinical information, as well as patient outcomes, were collected. Treatment details, including
the type(s), cumulative doses, and duration of administered corticosteroids, were also recorded.
CS pulse therapy was defined as the daily administration of 24 mg or more of dexamethasone or
its equivalents.

Results:

A total of 500 patients with COVID-19 were included in this study, comprising 122
patients who received CS pulse therapy and 378 patients who did not. A higher mortality rate
was observed in patients receiving CS pulse therapy (42.6%) compared to the other group
(28%) (p =0.04). Additionally, logistic regression analysis showed an increased mortality risk in
patients receiving CS pulse therapy in the crude model (OR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.01-2.27, p <0.01).
However, after adjusting for confounding factors, such as mechanical ventilation and ICU admission,
the results were reversed (OR=0.21, 95% CI: 0.07-0.62, p <0.01).

Conclusion:

In the findings of the current study, treatment with CS pulses was shown to significantly
enhance recovery in patients with non-severe COVID-19.
Recent Progress in the Understanding and Management of Acute Mountain
Sickness: A Narrative Review
Authors: Gupta Divyanshi , Wal Pranay , Mishra Mudita , Wal Ankita , Rathore Shruti , Shanker  Pandey Shiv , Saraswat Nikita , Saxena Bhagawati
Published: October 2023

Background:

Individuals at higher altitudes may experience a decrease in blood oxygen
levels, which can result in a variety of clinical illnesses, such as high-altitude pulmonary edema,
high-altitude cerebral edema, and milder but more common acute mountain sickness (AMS).

Objective:

This study aims to review the current state of knowledge related to motion sickness, the
risk of AMS, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for AMS.

Methods:

Several databases, including PubMed, Bentham Science, Elsevier, Springer, and Research
Gate, were used to compile the data for the article following a thorough analysis of the various
research findings connected to acute mountain sickness and motion sickness, along with treatments
and prevention.

Results:

This article covers the research on mountain sickness as well as every imaginable form of
conventional and alternative medicine. It contains ten medicinal plants that are useful in treating
mountain sickness and various other remedies. Additionally, case studies are provided.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the information in the paper will help travel medicine specialists better personalize
their appropriate care for patients who travel to high-altitude locations. Additionally, all
available antiemetic medications, serotonin agonists, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and
herbal treatments for motion sickness were discussed. The prevention and consequences of acute
mountain sickness are also covered in this study.
Half a Century of Research on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A
Scientometric Analysis
Authors: Sabé Michel , Chen Chaomei , El-Hage Wissam , Leroy Arnaud , Vaiva Guillaume , Monari Silvia , Premand Natacha , Bartolomei Javier , Caiolo Stefano , Maercker Andreas , Pietrzak Robert H. , Cloître Marylène , Kaiser Stefan , Solmi Marco
Published: October 2023

We conducted a scientometric analysis to outline clinical research on posttraumatic stress
disorder (PTSD). Our primary objective was to perform a broad-ranging scientometric analysis to
evaluate key themes and trends over the past decades. Our secondary objective was to measure research
network performance. We conducted a systematic search in the Web of Science Core Collection
up to 15 August 2022 for publications on PTSD. We identified 42,170 publications published between
1945 and 2022. We used CiteSpace to retrieve the co-cited reference network (1978-2022) that
presented significant modularity and mean silhouette scores, indicating highly credible clusters (Q =
0.915, S = 0.795). Four major trends of research were identified: ‘war veterans and refugees’, ‘treatment
of PTSD/neuroimaging’, ‘evidence syntheses’, and ‘somatic symptoms of PTSD’. The largest
cluster of research concerned evidence synthesis for genetic predisposition and environmental exposures
leading to PTSD occurrence. Research on war-related trauma has shifted from battlefield-related
in-person exposure trauma to drone operator trauma and is being out published by civilian-related
trauma research, such as the ‘COVID-19’ pandemic impact, ‘postpartum’, and ‘grief disorder’. The
focus on the most recent trends in the research revealed a burst in the ‘treatment of PTSD’ with the
development of Mhealth, virtual reality, and psychedelic drugs. The collaboration networks reveal a
central place for the USA research network, and although relatively isolated, a recent surge of publications
from China was found. Compared to other psychiatric disorders, we found a lack of high-quality
randomized controlled trials for pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments. These results
can inform funding agencies and future research.
Current Status of Research and Critical Technologies for Lower Limbassisted Exoskeleton Robots
Authors: Liu HongBo , Lin YuZe , Yang XiaoDong
Published: October 2023

Background:

Lower limb-assisted exoskeleton robots have gained wide attention today because of their practicality, complete functions, and advanced technology.

Objective:

By analyzing the current research status and key technology classification of lower limb-assisted exoskeleton robots and thinking about the future development direction of lower limb-assisted exoskeleton robots, the feasibility of future development is proposed to provide a reference for the readers.

Methods:

This paper systematically describes the classification and development history of lower limb-assisted exoskeleton robots, introduces the working principles of various types of lower limb-assisted exoskeleton robots, summarizes the current research status of lower limb-assisted exoskeleton robots through a study of patents and journals, analyzes the critical technologies of active/passive lower limb-assisted exoskeleton robots, and outlooks their future development direction.

Results:

Through the research and analysis of active and passive exoskeleton robots, both of them have their shortcomings to be improved. Although exoskeleton robots at this stage have been able to be applied, there are still many problems such as insufficient endurance and poor structural flexibility.

Conclusion:

Finally, based on the analysis and comparison of the current situation and key technologies of active/passive lower limb-assisted exoskeleton robots, the future development trend of lower limb-assisted exoskeleton robots is predicted, and it is believed that the ultimate development trend is the exoskeleton robots with the combination of rigid and flexible structure and active-passive assistance mode.
Width Calculation of Tiny Bridge Cracks Based on Unmanned Aerial
Vehicle Images
Authors: Lan Yong , Huang Shaoxiong , Wang Zhenlong , Pan Yong , Zhao Yan , Sun Jianjun
Published: October 2023

Introduction:

Crack is the main bridge disease. The monitoring of the crack width is the
key for determining whether the bridge needs to be maintained. The systematic and automatic detection of bridge cracks can be realized using the crack images, which are captured using unmanned
aerial vehicles (UAV).

Methods:

Cracks in the image with a complex background and low contrast ratio are difficult to
detect. In order to detect the tiny cracks, the image is preprocessed by homomorphic filtering to
enhance the contrast ratio. It is a necessary step that makes the color clustering be used in the detection. An adaptive color clustering method is proposed to detect cracks without additional initialization. Morphological method is also used to obtain clean edges and skeletons.

Results:

The proposed method can accurately detect the crack areas with an actual width greater
than 0.13 mm, and the absolute error is only 0.0013 mm. The relative error for all test images are
smaller than 15.6%. Cracks over 0.2 mm need to be filled. Therefore, this error is completely acceptable in practice.

Discussion:

The proposed method is practical and reproducible for bridge disease automatic inspection based on UAV. In order to verify its advantage, the proposed method is compared with a
state-of-the-art method, which is published on Sensors. The proposed method is proven to be better
for images with water stains in its complex background.

Conclusion:

The proposed method can calculate the width of tiny cracks accurately, even if the
width is below 0.2 mm.
ÇOCUK, KÖSTEBEK, TİLKİ VE AT KİTABININ VAROLUŞÇU VE BİLİŞSEL DAVRANIŞÇI YAKLAŞIMLARA GÖRE ZORLU YAŞAM OLAYLARI SONRASI ‘DEVAM EDEBİLME’Yİ DESTEKLEYEN KAVRAMLARI AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Turan Rana , Saygı Kübra
Published: October 2023

Bu çalışmada, Charlie Mackesy tarafından ortaya konan ve orijinal adı ‘The Boy, the Mole, the Fox and the Horse’ olan; Türkçe çevirisi ‘Mundi kitap’ tarafından yayınlanan ‘Çocuk, Köstebek, Tilki ve At’ (ÇKTA) adlı eserinin varoluşçu terapide yer alan (1) ölüm, var olma ve kaygı; (2) anlam ve anlamsızlık; (3) sorumluluk, seçim ve özgürlük; (4) yalıtım/yabancılaşma, sevgi ve bağ kurmak; (5) özgünlük(otantiklik) ve suçluluk; (6) acı ve travma sonrası büyüme gibi bazı kavramlar gruplandırılarak bu kavramlar açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kitabın bilişsel davranışçı kuram ile de ilişkili olabileceği düşünülen bölümleri bu kuramın bazı kavramlarına göre incelenmiştir. Aynı zamanda kitabın temelde zorlu yaşam olayları sonrasında destekleyici bir güç olarak da yararlanılabilecek bir kaynak olduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi tekniği kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Charlie Mackesy’nin ‘Çocuk, Köstebek, Tilki ve At’ adlı eserinin ruh sağlığı alanında çalışan araştırmacıların ve uygulayıcıların, zorlu yaşam olayları sonrasında hem çocuklar hem de yetişkinler için yararlanabileceği bir kaynak olduğu düşünülmektedir.
SOSYAL BİLGİLER DERSİ DEĞER EĞİTİMİ ETKİNLİKLERİNDE AİLE KATILIMI: ÖĞRETMEN GÖRÜŞLERİ VE UYGULAMALARI
Authors: Ballı Merve Nur , Deveci Handan
Published: October 2023

Aile içinde çocuğun öğrendiklerini yaşamına aktarabilmesi için sosyal bilgiler dersinde değer eğitiminde aile katılımı sağlanmalıdır. Araştırmanın amacı, sosyal bilgiler dersi değer eğitimi etkinliklerinde aile katılımına ilişkin sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin görüşlerini ve uygulamalarını belirlemektir. Araştırma deseni olarak temel yorumlayıcı nitel araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını sosyal bilgiler öğretmenleri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formuyla toplanmıştır. Araştırma verileri betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılarak çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmenler değer eğitiminde aile katılımının önemli olduğunu fakat okullarda değer eğitimine aile katılımı sağlanmadığını belirtmişlerdir. Değer eğitimine aile katılımını öğretmenler uzaktan eğitim, ev etkinlikleri ödevi, araştırma-proje çalışmaları, iletişimi artırma, okulda etkinlik düzenleme, aileleri sınıfa davet etme, belirli gün ve haftalardan yararlanarak sağlamaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre değer eğitimi etkinliklerine aile katılımı sağlama konusunda ailelere ve öğretmenlere birtakım görevler düşmektedir. Araştırma sonucunda, sonuçlara dayalı olarak uygulamaya ve araştırmaya yönelik çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur
OKULLARDA ÖRGÜTSEL MUHALEFETİN YÖNETİMİ
Authors: Güntekin Müjdat , Önder Emine
Published: October 2023

Bu araştırmada okul müdürlerinin öğretmenlerin muhalif davranışını yönetme tarzını ve okul müdürlerinin muhalefeti yönetme tarzının örgütsel muhalefet türüne göre nasıl bir farklılaşma gösterdiğini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada olgubilim deseni kullanılmıştır. İç Batı Akdeniz Bölgesindeki bir ilde yürütülen araştırmada okul yöneticileri ve öğretmenlerden oluşan 25 katılımcının görüşüne başvurulmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle deşifre edilmiştir. Araştırmada okul müdürlerinin muhalefeti yönetirken muhalif çalışanı kazanma, muhalefeti pekiştirme, muhalefeti dikkate almama ve muhalefetin tekrarlanmasının önüne geçmek için yaptırım uygulama şeklinde farklı yaklaşımları benimsedikleri saptanmıştır. Okul müdürlerinin yönetim yaklaşımının, muhalefet türüne göre farklılaştığı anlaşılmıştır. Muhalefet doğrudan kendine ifade edildiğinde okul müdürünün muhalefeti daha yapıcı bir yaklaşımla yönettiği görülmüştür. Muhalefet haber uçurma türünde gerçekleştiğinde ise okul müdürünün muhalefeti yönetme yaklaşımının sertleştiği, muhalif öğretmenin daha olumsuz tepkilerle karşı karşıya kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Okul müdürlerinin bazıları örgütsel muhalefeti önlemeye yönelik tedbir almasa da bazılarının kimi zaman önleyici kimi zaman da caydırıcı önlemlere başvurdukları saptanmıştır.
Carbon stock assessment of mangrove forests along Macajalar Bay, Misamis Oriental, Philippines
Authors: Lomoljo-Bantayan Nezel Ann , Tatil Wella T. , Dagoc Frandel Louis S. , Tampus Annielyn D. , Amparado Ruben Jr. F.
Published: October 2023

Mangrove ecosystems are widely recognized for their crucial role in mitigating climate change through carbon storage and sequestration services. These ecosystems possess significant carbon reservoirs, particularly in their soils. Nevertheless, the unremitting development of coastal areas and alterations in land use constitute impending threats to these ecosystems, endangering the continuity of their invaluable services. Recognizing the crucial role of mangrove ecosystems in mitigating climate change, this study meticulously evaluates the cumulative carbon stocks encompassing the aboveground and soil components within three mangrove-protected areas in the Macajalar Bay region of Misamis Oriental. The study adheres to a logical structure with causal connections between statements, presents information in clear and concise sentences, and follows conventional academic writing formatting. Vocabulary is precise and avoids biased or emotional language. The text adheres to grammatical correctness, consistently uses technical terms, and employs a formal register. The study is free from filler words and employs a passive tone and impersonal construction. Additionally, the text features a consistent footnote style and accurately cites sources. The research findings show that soil carbon makes up a significant portion, ranging from 40% to 90%, of the total carbon stocks in the three study areas. This emphasizes the crucial function of mangrove soils as carbon repositories. Furthermore, the study establishes a direct connection between the age of mangrove stands and the occurrence of large-girth trees, both of which add to the rise in carbon stocks. Despite their substantial carbon storage capacity, mangrove forests in the Macajalar Bay region are still facing encroachments due to urbanization pressures. This assessment of carbon stocks in these coastal ecosystems plays a critical role in developing localized strategies that align with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change's (UNFCCC) REDD+ initiatives, thus preventing further degradation of these vital carbon sinks.
Kayak Sport Club Olsztyn jako miejsce rozwijania sprawności fizycznej, pasji i zainteresowań u dzieci i młodzieży
Authors: Nosek-Kozłowska Katarzyna
Published: October 2023

Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie kajakarstwa jako jednej z form spędzania czasu wolnego przez dzieci i młodzież, rozwijającej zainteresowania, pasje oraz sprawność fizyczną.

Badania dotyczące roli Klubu Sportowego KSC Olsztyn w kształtowaniu pasji i dzieci i młodzieży zrealizowano z wykorzystaniem metody studium przypadku oraz techniki wywiadu częściowo kierowanego, skoncentrowanego na problemie i obserwacji. Problematyka badawcza została ujęta w postaci następujących pytań: Jaką rolę spełnia kajakarstwo w procesie wychowania i socjalizacji młodych ludzi? W jaki sposób aktywność sportowa wpływa na zdrowie psychiczne i fizyczne młodzieży? Czy i w jaki sposób kajakarstwo staje się pasją młodzieży? Na podstawie opracowań naukowych dokonano zwięzłej charakterystyki kajakarstwa, form spędzania czasu wolnego przez współczesną młodzież, zdefiniowano pasje oraz wskazano rolę aktywności sportowej w życiu młodych ludzi. Refleksja nad podjętą problematyką wskazuje, że kajakarstwo to sport, który jest doskonałą formą socjalizacji młodych ludzi, a niesione przez ten rodzaj sportu wartości wychowawcze są nieocenione. Jest to sport, który zwiększa sprawność fizyczną młodzieży, kształtuje charakter, uczy odpowiedzialności i pozytywnie oddziałuje na psychikę. Treningi kajakarstwa są także okazją do budowania wartościowych relacji interpersonalnych.

Kajakarstwo jest godną polecenia formą aktywności fizycznej, często bywa uznawane za sport na całe życie, pozytywnie wpływający na funkcjonowanie człowieka. Istnieje ogromna potrzeba popularyzacji tego sportu, zwłaszcza z uwagi na istniejącą bardzo dużą potrzebę rozwijania kondycji fizycznej dzieci i młodzieży, która ze względu na prężny rozwój technologii i coraz większą ilość czasu spędzanego przez młodych ludzi przed ekranami różnorodnych urządzeń jest coraz słabsza.
Beyond the Hype—The Actual Role and Risks of AI in Today’s Medical Practice: Comparative-Approach Study
Authors: Hansen Steffan , Brandt Carl Joakim , Søndergaard Jens
Published: October 2023

Background

The evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly impacted various sectors, with health care witnessing some of its most groundbreaking contributions. Contemporary models, such as ChatGPT-4 and Microsoft Bing, have showcased capabilities beyond just generating text, aiding in complex tasks like literature searches and refining web-based queries.

Objective

This study explores a compelling query: can AI author an academic paper independently? Our assessment focuses on four core dimensions: relevance (to ensure that AI’s response directly addresses the prompt), accuracy (to ascertain that AI’s information is both factually correct and current), clarity (to examine AI’s ability to present coherent and logical ideas), and tone and style (to evaluate whether AI can align with the formality expected in academic writings). Additionally, we will consider the ethical implications and practicality of integrating AI into academic writing.

Methods

To assess the capabilities of ChatGPT-4 and Microsoft Bing in the context of academic paper assistance in general practice, we used a systematic approach. ChatGPT-4, an advanced AI language model by Open AI, excels in generating human-like text and adapting responses based on user interactions, though it has a knowledge cut-off in September 2021. Microsoft Bing's AI chatbot facilitates user navigation on the Bing search engine, offering tailored search

Results

In terms of relevance, ChatGPT-4 delved deeply into AI’s health care role, citing academic sources and discussing diverse applications and concerns, while Microsoft Bing provided a concise, less detailed overview. In terms of accuracy, ChatGPT-4 correctly cited 72% (23/32) of its peer-reviewed articles but included some nonexistent references. Microsoft Bing’s accuracy stood at 46% (6/13), supplemented by relevant non–peer-reviewed articles. In terms of clarity, both models conveyed clear, coherent text. ChatGPT-4 was particularly adept at detailing technical concepts, while Microsoft Bing was more general. In terms of tone, both models maintained an academic tone, but ChatGPT-4 exhibited superior depth and breadth in content delivery.

Conclusions

Comparing ChatGPT-4 and Microsoft Bing for academic assistance revealed strengths and limitations. ChatGPT-4 excels in depth and relevance but falters in citation accuracy. Microsoft Bing is concise but lacks robust detail. Though both models have potential, neither can independently handle comprehensive academic tasks. As AI evolves, combining ChatGPT-4’s depth with Microsoft Bing’s up-to-date referencing could optimize academic support. Researchers should critically assess AI outputs to maintain academic credibility.
A Study On The Impact Of Acute Exercise On Cognitive Function In AD or MCI Patients: A Narrative Review (Preprint)
Authors: luo jiong
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

The growth rate of the global elderly population continues to be faster than expected, and mild cognitive impairment is closely related to the health problems caused by population aging.

OBJECTIVE

To explore the effect and mechanism of acute exercise on cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and MCI

METHODS

Medline, web of science and Springer database were used to obtain literature. The search keywords mainly included cognitive dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease, acute exercise, neuroendocrine factors, etc.

RESULTS

The combination of acute exercise and cognitive training improved the cognitive function of AD patients better than aerobic exercise or resistance training alone. For patients with MCI, moderate intensity acute aerobic exercise and resistance exercise were beneficial to enhance Inhibitory control (IC), but high-intensity acute exercise was adverse to improve IC; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) may assume the potential mediating mechanism of acute exercise on cognitive function in AD and MCI patients, but more research is needed to further confirm this mechanism.

CONCLUSIONS

Acute exercise (aerobic and resistance) can temporarily increase the levels of neuroprotective growth factors in some AD and MCI patients, and enhance neurocognitive ability, indicating that exercise is one of the effective ways to improve nerve growth and activity.

CLINICALTRIAL

No
Desigualdades sociales en la mortalidad materna, República Dominicana, 2016
Authors: Santos Mercedes Kary Desiree , Patricio Baldera Jonathan
Published: October 2023

Esta investigación pretende cuantificar las diferencias en la razón de mortalidad materna en las provincias de la República Dominicana, considerando las distintas condiciones sociales a la que estas mujeres están expuestas. Se utilizó la información proveniente de registro de estadísticas vitales. Se calculó la asociación entre la razón de mortalidad materna y ciertos indicadores socioeconómicos seleccionados. Se calcularon las métricas de desigualdad tomando en cuenta los indicadores socioeconómicos que se hallaron significativamente asociados con la razón de mortalidad materna, resultando esta dos veces mayor en los territorios más desfavorecidos socialmente, comparados con los territorios que se encontraron en mejores condiciones sociales.
Características de 154 niños quemados en un hospital pediátrico de República Dominicana
Authors: Cabrera-Valerio Carlos , Leclerc Raisa Virginia , Suárez Santos Johanna Amparo
Published: October 2023

Introducción: Las quemaduras son unos de los mayores traumas que puede sufrir un ser humano y constituyen la tercera o cuarta causa de muerte accidental a nivel pediátrico. Considerada un evento frecuente pero prevenible, que afecta el órgano más grande del cuerpo humano: la piel.
Objetivo de esta investigación se fundamentó en determinar las características de quemaduras en pacientes pediátricos en forma ambulatoria y hospitalizada en un hospital pediátrico.
Material y método: Fue un estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo y de corte transversal. Se realizó un muestreo probabilístico donde se obtuvo como resultado 154 pacientes.
Resultados: El rango de edad más frecuente fue de 1-4 años. El sexo masculino predomino ante el femenino con un 57,7%. Se determinó que la causa más común de quemaduras en edad pediátrica son las escaldaduras con un 59%. El área del cuerpo más común afectada por quemaduras, fue el tronco anterior (16,6%) y la superficie corporal total quemada (SCTQ) más frecuente fue del 11-20% con un 42,8%.
Conclusión: Las lesiones por quemaduras ocasionadas en niños son superadas sin complicaciones, cumpliendo regímenes como son la asistencia a curas, ya que la mayoría de los niños son niños sanos y las complicaciones desarrolladas son post-trauma como es la deshidratación e infecciones.
Serie de casos: Difteria en el Hospital Infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral, Semana Epidemiológica
Authors: Bautista Leonelo
Published: October 2023

Carta/comentario sobre el artículo publicado por Mancebo García et al. sobre una serie de casos de difteria.
Subacute thyroiditis and rapidly developing goiter in a 16-year-old female: a case report
Authors: Estrada Marcos , Avades Meriam , Parra María , Altagracia Patricia , Lazala Carmen
Published: October 2023

Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is an inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland with multiple etiologies and clinical features, often challenging to recognize. The classic presentation is the painful, granulomatous thyroiditis (DeQuervain’s) characterized by diffuse swelling of the gland, usually preceded by an upper respiratory tract infection. A painless variant, also referred to as autoimmune subacute thyroiditis, has been documented and is strongly linked to postpartum state, reported following ~10% of pregnancies. It can be differentiated from the former by the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies, which classifies it as an autoimmune thyroiditis. Any spontaneous development of painful swelling of the thyroid gland warrants a complete work up that includes thyroid hormones, thyroid autoimmune panel, acute phase reactant titers, and, if available, imaging that may lead to the diagnosis of an inflammatory or infectious cause of thyroiditis.
Android Smart Phone Forensics using Open Source Tools
Authors: Makate Austin , Muduva Martin , Chiwariro Ronald , Agrawal Animesh Kumar , Khatri Pallavi
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Mobile Smart Phone Technology (MSPT) is one of the greatest civilizations in history, but, unfortunately, the same is being taken advantage of and unseemly conduct is inevitable. Android Technology is fast evolving and dominating over its competitors because of its features, open-source architecture and ease of customization. In addition, Android Apps often use Self-Signed certificates unlike Apple Apps bound by Certificate Authority. To overcome the challenges of security in the newer versions of Android, the concept of a Virtual Android phone using a Genymotion Emulator is adopted. This approach will help in analyzing the latest phones through open-source tools without the need to physically procure them. The virtual phone interface is the same as the physical phone but it obviates the need to root/bypass the phone security, thereby allowing the researcher to concentrate on developing techniques for extracting forensic artifacts. Open source tools are used to carry out the research and a comparative analysis is done so that a combination of tools can be used to extract the maximum artifacts from the phone
Cricket Win Prediction using Machine Learning
Authors: Jadhav Sanika A. , Jadhav Shivendra M. , Jadhav Sahil M. , Jadhav Shubham M. , Jadhav Shreyash V. , Jadhav Sarvesh R. , Telsang Supriya S.
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Cricket, being one of the most popular sports worldwide, has attracted significant interest in developing accurate win prediction models. With the advent of machine learning techniques, researchers have leveraged the power of data-driven algorithms to predict cricket match outcomes. This research paper aims to improve cricket win prediction model by using XGBoost machine learning algorithm. Feature importance analysis is conducted to identify the most influential factors contributing to match outcomes. The dataset is divided into training and test sets, and the models are evaluated on both datasets to measure their generalization performance. The findings demonstrate the potential of machine learning techniques in accurately forecasting cricket match outcomes, enabling stakeholders to make informed decisions in the dynamic and unpredictable domain of cricket
Smart Traffic Management System
Authors: Naik Shruti P , Badgire Pratik , Deore Suraj , Ghorpade Yash , Patil Disha
Published: October 2023

Abstract: This document gives formatting instructions for authors preparing papers for publication in the Proceedings of an IEEE conference. The authors must follow the instructions given in the document for the papers to be published. You can use this document as both an instruction set and as a template into which you can type your own text. Abstract: Traffic congestion has become a significant issue in metropolitan areas. The exponential growth in the number of vehicles on the road has outpaced the development of road infrastructure. As a result, people are spending more time traveling between the same destinations every year. Many cities continue to rely on traditional traffic signal systems that are either manually controlled or operate on fixed time schedules. Unfortunately, these conventional methods lack efficiency as they do not utilize real-time data to optimize traffic flow. One critical problem with these outdated systems is the inability to clear the path for emergency vehicles, such as ambulances, fire trucks, and police vehicles, especially during peak traffic hours. The manual operation of traffic signals is prone to errors, leading to increased fuel consumption and even health-related issues due to prolonged exposure to traffic. Additionally, these conventional systems often result in unequal traffic flow from different directions at a given time. It's evident that the existing traffic management methods are insufficient and outdated, and there's a pressing need to implement smarter and more efficient traffic control systems to address these issues
Navigating the Ethical Maze: Moral Dilemmas in the Age of AI
Authors: Totlani Ketan
Published: October 2023

Abstract: This research paper explores the ethical implications of artificial intelligence (AI) in various fields and domains. It delves into the potential benefits and risks of AI, focusing on its impact on employment, bias induced by AI systems, concerns over data privacy, and other factors affecting humanity. The paper emphasizes the importance of robust and dynamic AI regulation to mitigate the risks of AI. Additionally, it highlights the limited ability of governments and institutions worldwide to keep up with the rapid evolution of AI in the industry. The paper also provides recommended strategies and approaches grounded in philosophy to avoid negative implications.
The Evolution of Generative AI: Implications for the Media and Film Industry
Authors: Totlani Ketan
Published: October 2023

Abstract: This research paper scrutinizes and explores the substantial impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Generative AI on the media and film industry. It delves into the continuously evolving applications of AI algorithms and advanced models, emphasizing their profound implications for content creation, production workflows, and distribution strategies. The paper offers comprehensive insights into the operational mechanics of key AI models, underscoring their direct relevance within the domain of media and film. This inquiry provides a timeless and academic perspective on the transformative influence of AI and Generative AI in these industries, facilitating a deeper understanding of their applications and implications
Acute and Delayed Oral Toxicity Studies and Observations on Pregnancy, Gestation and Reproductive Performance of Wistar Rats Administered Limit Dose of Purified Extract from Stem Bark of Antidiabetic Anogeissus leiocarpus (African Birch Tree)
Authors: Esievo King Akpofure Nelson , Esievo Lauretta Oghenekevwe , Sani Dahiru , Esievo Kingsley Oghenerukevwe , Esievo Edith Monica , Balogun Emmanuel Oluwadare , Wassagwa John , Rekwot Peter Ibrahim , Allam Lushaikyaa , Uyobisere Edward Oniovosa
Published: October 2023

Objectives: The maximum purification of the extracts of antidiabetic Anogeissus leiocarpus stem bark led to a quest for its lethal dose (LD50) and effects on pregnancy, gestation, pups (kitten) and reproductive performance of Wistar rats.

Design: Extracts of A. leiocarpus were subjected to column and thin layer chromatography until final purification.

Five (5) each of adult male and female rats were used for the study. The revised limit test dose of 2000mg/kg.bd.wt. was used to evaluate the acute oral toxicity and effects on reproductive characteristics of the purified extracts on Wistar rats. The rats were monitored for instant death and 24hours later, 3 each of male and female rats were humanely sacrificed. On day 0 and 24hours later biomarkers of liver damage, AST, ALT, and ALP and that of kidney, urea, were assayed. The remaining 4 rats (2 males and 2 females) were monitored for additional 14days and thereafter for any effect of the limit dose on reproductive activities.

Results: The limit dose caused no death within the first 24hours and no hepato-renal damages. Pregnancy, gestation, parturition, pups (kitten) and reproductive performance were normal. The median lethal Dose (LD50) is > 2000mg/kg./bd.wt.

Conclusion: Animal experimentation, using Wistar rats showed that purified extracts of A. leiocarpus stem bark as a non-conventional drug for diabetes mellitus, has no effects on pregnancy and reproductive performance. There was no teratogenic effect on pups. The compound has a wide range of safety value.

Keywords: Oral Toxicity, Pregnancy, Gestation, Reproductive Performance, Wistar Rats, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Purified Extract
Efficacy of MCIMT with Auditory Cueing in order to Augment Functional Motor Recovery of Chronic Hemiparetic Arm
Authors: Sharma Himanshu , Bhatnagar Pallav , Jain Kapila , Goyal Bhupesh , Joshi Nikita
Published: October 2023

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of functional impairments globally, often resulting in long-term disability and a substantial impact on individuals, families, and caregivers. Learned nonuse, a phenomenon where motor deficits persist after a stroke due to central nervous system suppression, is a significant challenge in stroke rehabilitation. Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) is a well-established neurorehabilitation approach based on behavioural training, which includes repetitive task-specific training, behavioural techniques, and constraining the use of the more affected upper extremity. CIMT has been successful in improving functionality in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients, promoting cortical reorganization and neural plasticity.

Method: This study involved 60 stroke survivors aged 20 or older, selected purposively and meeting specific criteria. Participants underwent an 8-week Modified CIMT (M-CIMT) program with auditory cueing for the hemiparetic upper limb. Data collection included pre-test and post-test assessments using the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) and the Motor Activity Log (MAL) to evaluate functional activity. The M-CIMT program comprised warm-up sessions, M-CIMT protocols, and cool-down exercises, conducted five days a week.

Results: Following participation in the M-CIMT program, significant improvements were observed in WMFT and MAL scores. The mean pre-test score of 46.60 seconds decreased to a mean post-test score of 16.85 seconds, with highly significant t-values of 14.292 and -51.356 and a p-value of 0.0, indicating a strong correlation between the two datasets. The analysis revealed that M-CIMT effectively enhanced upper extremity function in chronic stroke patients.

Conclusion: This study highlights the effectiveness of the Modified CIMT protocol, emphasizing repeated use and a distributed practice schedule, in reducing upper-limb impairment and improving upper-limb use and function in chronic stroke patients. The significant improvement in post-test scores underscores the promise of M-CIMT as a valuable approach for upper extremity rehabilitation following chronic stroke, offering hope for enhanced recovery and improved quality of life for affected individuals.

Keywords: Stroke; Rehabilitation; Upper Extremity; Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy; Motor Activity
Formulation and Evaluation of Niosomal Gel for Treatment of Acne
Authors: Goyal Pallavi , Jain Ashish , Thomas Steffi , Singhai Akhlesh Kumar
Published: October 2023

A skin disease, like acne, is very common and normally happens to everyone at least once in their lifetime. The structure of the stratum corneum is often compared with a brick wall, with corneocytes surrounded by the mortar of the intercellular lipid lamellae. Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis which is notable for open and/or closed comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), and inflammatory lesions including papules, pustules, or nodules. It is a disorder of sebaceous follicles which are special pilosebaceous units located on the face, chest, and back. Skin is one of the most readily available organs on human body for topical management and is the major route of topical drug delivery system. Topical drug administration is a localized drug delivery system everywhere in the body during ophthalmic, vaginal, rectal and skin as topical routes. SA niosomes gel delivery system (SANG1 to SANG5) as a dispersed system, which consists of small droplets and well distributed in to immiscible vehicle. Niosome salicylic acid was prepared by Reverse phase evaporation method using cholesterol and span 80 and tween 20. Niosome were evaluated for vesicle shape, size determination, Entrapment efficiency and in-vitro drug release study. The result concluded that SANG5 was best formulation with Carbopol 940 (2g), PVP, nutmeg oil base. The drug release profile and release kinetics are two important characteristics of the dosage forms, which play an important role for describing dissolution profile of dosage form.

Keywords: Topical drug delivery, Acne vulgaris, Niosomes, Gel, Carbopol 940, nutmeg oil
Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity assay of Cardamom-based nutraceuticals in comparison with 1,8 -Cineol
Authors: Korambayil Pradeoth Mukundan , Varkey Prashanth , Tharakan Matthan
Published: October 2023

Aim: To investigate anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic effects and viability of Recovereez- 51% 1,8-Cineol and 1,8-Cineol (natural), and to determine safety for both of the compounds and its use in new product range of nutraceuticals.

Methodology: Cell line was divided into two groups; one was treated with Recovereez(R) and another one with 1,8-Cineol(C). The ELISA assay method was used to measure the COX, LOX, MPO, NO, and nitrate levels. Cellular viability was performed by observing cells under the inverted phase contrast microscope, followed by MTT assay.

Results: R&C showed a reduction in levels of inflammatory markers such as IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, LOX, MPO, COX, iNOS, and nitrate levels. The inhibition as observed in the levels of COX and LOX enzymes were 65%±0.1 and 59%±0.3µg/ml, and 72%±0.3 and 67%±0.4µg/ml for R&C, respectively. iNOS production showed inhibition by 70%±0.3 and 65%±0.8µg/ml and NO production were reduced by 193 and 209.5µg/ml by R&C, respectively. Again, there was a decrease in the activity of MPO by 0.35 and 0.39U/ml for R&C, respectively. The results were significant with p<0.001 compared to the Diclofenac sodium. Cell viability of 60% was observed upon treating L929 cells with R&C.

Conclusion: R&C exerted an anti-inflammatory effect on RAW 264.7 cells without exerting cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, Recovereez could be used as an alternative treatment or to prevent inflammatory diseases. Moreover, R&C are expected to treat different types of cancer. The findings could potentially lead to the discovery of safe and effective bioactive compounds that can prevent or cure the occurrence of cancerous cells.

Keywords: dietary supplements, nutraceutical, COX, anti-inflammation, cancer
A Review Exploring Therapeutic Effect of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Compounds
Authors: Kurup Shilpa S , Jat Rakesh Kumar
Published: October 2023

There are many synthesized compounds that contain the five-membered aromatic ring 1,3,4-oxadiazole. It is advantageous for 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives to have effective binding with various enzymes and receptors in biological systems through numerous weak interactions, eliciting a variety of bioactivities. This is made possible by the peculiar structural feature of the 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring with pyridine type of nitrogen atom. For scientists, research on the creation of derivatives based on 1,3,4-oxadiazole has become an intriguing subject. Numerous 1,3,4-oxadiazole-based compounds with strong therapeutic potencies are widely utilized to treat a variety of illnesses, which has a significant positive impact on development. In the entire spectrum of medicinal chemistry, including anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, antineuropathic, antihypertensive, antihistaminic, antiparasitic, antiobesity, antiviral, and other therapeutic agents, this work provides a systematic and thorough review. It is anticipated that this evaluation will be very beneficial for fresh ideas in the search for logical designs for the creation of more effective and less harmful 1,3,4-oxadiazole-based pharmaceutical medicines.

Keywords: 1,3,4-oxadiazole; anticancer; antimicrobial; antioxidant; isoforms; therapeutic worth.