bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case of an Infant Diagnosed with Cow's Milk Allergy and Concurrent Meat Allergy via ImmunoCAP ISAC®
Authors: Jo So Yoon , Lee Chan Ho , Kim Sung Won , Hwang Yoon Ha
Published: July 2019

Approximately 13–20% of infants with milk allergies concurrently exhibit beef allergies. Here, we report a 24-month-old infant who exhibited both pork and beef allergies, concurrently with a milk allergy. The infant's laboratory test results were: 3.73 ISU-E (ISAC standardized unit for IgE) for cow milk β-lactoglobulin, 23.8 ISU-E for casein, 12.8 ISU-E for cow milk Bos d 6 of serum albumin, and 4.85 ISU-E for cat Fel d 2. This case report summarizes an infant patient diagnosed with a meat allergy that was associated with cow's milk allergy, using ImmunoCAP ISAC®. Not only ImmunoCAP ISAC® but also immunocap can be used to diagnose milk allergy and meat allergy at the same time, immunocap testing for component antigen is rare. ImmunoCAP ISAC® is used to diagnose these allergies in our case study, as it has advantage that only 1ml of blood is needed to run various component antigen tests.
Tú eres quien controla: interfaces ubicuas e instalaciones artísticas con medios digitales interactivos
Authors: Shanbaum Phaedra
Published: July 2019

Este artículo explora la interfaz ubicua «invisible», las historias utópicas y distópicas sobre esta tecnología y los sentidos que en consecuencia se le han atribuido. He revisado las instalaciones de arte de los medios digitales interactivas de las que se habla en estos artículos, realizando una crítica de las afirmaciones que hacen sobre la tecnología, las relaciones que promueven y el potencial que la experimentación artística y colaborativa tiene para desestabilizarlas y reconfigurarlas. Mi argumento es que el mundo invisible, cuando se aplica a la interfaz en instalaciones de arte de los medios digitales interactivas, representa la mercantilización de los cuerpos humanos y no humanos. La mercantilización también implica un proceso lineal de la tecnología en la cual las relaciones, entidades y desarrollos tecnológicos están conectados de una forma predeterminada. Así, el comportamiento humano y la experiencia, entre otras cosas, se ven reducidos a una mercancía algorítmica que acaba creando una perspectiva única, estable y unificada de lo que es una interfaz, en vez de centrarse en lo que podría llegar a ser.
Nuevas formas de ocultarse: hacia el realismo de la metainterfaz
Authors: Bro Pold Søren
Published: July 2019

Las interfaces tienen un historial de realismo, ya que son intentos de cartografiar, representar e interactuar con la realidad. Sin embargo, cambios recientes en la interfaz, que incluyen la manera en que entendemos, usamos, diseñamos y construimos interfaces, han provocado un nuevo análisis de este realismo. La interfaz contemporánea es omnipresente e invisible, se integra en los objetos cotidianos y se caracteriza por intercambios escondidos de información entre objetos. Con la difusión actual de los dispositivos móviles, sensores incrustados, servicios en la nube y captación de datos, surge un nuevo paradigma de interfaz, la metainterfaz, donde
los datos y el software desaparecen de nuestros dispositivos en la nube global. La metainterfaz indica que la interfaz se ha vuelto más abstracta, generalizada, pero también espacializada en el sentido de que es ubicua, móvil, urbana y que se relaciona con nuestro entorno. La metainterfaz como concepto, práctica artística, de diseño o industrial, reclama un nuevo tipo de realismo que combine lo que se ve (por ejemplo, datos, herramientas, operaciones y transacciones)
con cómo se ve (la metainterfaz y su software, redes y ejecuciones) y con cómo se nos ve (cómo se capta, trata los datos, elabora el perfil, computa o «ejecuta» al usuario o usuarios).
En otro sentido, necesitamos una «forma de ver» que vaya más allá de lo visual y que integre la metainterfaz y sus repercusiones. De hecho, estas repercusiones se pueden ver como dos formas de ocultarse: 1) la ocultación minimalista, por ejemplo, ocultar el procesamiento de datos, monitorización y elaboración del perfil que se desarrollan en infraestructuras informáticas en la nube detrás de la interfaz de usuario minimalista e inmediata; y 2) la ocultación del entorno, que incluye ocultar su modo de control como inteligente, por ejemplo. Estas dimensiones a veces se combinan, pero se pueden investigar en talleres de realismo de la metainterfaz. Este artículo analizará estas opciones centrándose en el arte que explora y produce alternativas a esta aparente desaparición por parte de los artistas Ben Grosser, Joana Moll, James Bridle, E. L. Putnam, y los talleres de Joana Moll y otros.
Entre fakes y factoids: la condición de lo falso en la difusa esfera del arte contemporáneo tras la era de la posverdad
Authors: González-García Ricardo
Published: July 2019

La entrada de la sociedad en lo que se ha venido denominando como «era de la posverdad» –la cual viene alentada por la tecnología digital, los nuevos procesos comunicacionales, como las redes sociales en Internet, y el cambio del escenario político–, induce a muchos campos del conocimiento a trabajar desde los replanteamientos que esta propone. Las premisas en las que se funda conducen a reflexionar sobre la condición de lo falso como algo que transforma nuestra recepción de los mensajes que difunde ese entramado; traducción, interpretación y asimilación de una nueva realidad que, progresivamente, se inmiscuye e impone. Este movimiento inercial que, en ese sentido, se traslada al engranaje social, también modifica la tectónica epistemológica de la presente época y, en concreto, el campo de las artes como reflejo expresivo y crítico directo de las fluctuaciones que experimenta la colectividad.
Profundizando en la condición de lo falso, podemos cerciorarnos de que esta supone una necesidad inherente a la representación artística. Asimismo, investigar sobre cómo el arte toma en cuenta los parámetros de posverdad que rigen la era actual, y varía su producción en relación a estos, nos lleva a poner el foco sobre la explicación de dos creaciones similares directamente relacionadas: fakes y factoids, como productos artísticos sintéticos adulterados, tergiversados, o distorsionados al extremo. Creaciones que representan la reverberación de una acelerada realidad que fluye interconectada y que enfatiza el borrado de cualquier delimitación útil para definir cada fenómeno acaecido en ese contexto. Sobre estas circunstancias, podemos señalar la importancia de los retos que, desde el espectro estudiado, lanza al público cierto arte activista. Espectadores quienes, bajo su «contrato de veridicción», serán los que establezcan un juicio crítico ante «verdades» que, posiblemente, no lo sean tanto.
La interfaz como alesthesis: la verdad como organización sensible
Authors: Jordana Lluch Ester , Rispoli Rispoli
Published: July 2019

La problemática en torno a la verdad se ha planteado fundamentalmente desde una perspectiva epistemológica: la cuestión, en este sentido, era la de individuar las condiciones necesarias y suficientes para que una verdad sea postulada y aceptada como tal. Frente a esas formas epistemológicas de aproximarse a la cuestión de la verdad, el filósofo francés Michel Foucault proponía un acercamiento distinto, en base a lo que calificaba como las formas alethurgicas de la misma, esto es, el modo en que esta se produce en tanto que acto de decir veraz. En su reflexión, el autor exploraba así distintos modos de ese «decir veraz» que atraviesan la historia atendiendo a sus principales formas discursivas. Sin embargo, cabe preguntarse si esas formas alethurgicas no pueden analizarse también, más allá del discurso, en su manifestación sensible.

En este sentido, parece interesante explorar cómo y en qué medida las interfaces concebidas como –«superficies de contacto»– pueden ser pensadas e interrogadas desde el diseño en su carácter de alesthesis: esto es, explorar el modo en que son capaces de «manifestar» la verdad (lo que se considera como verdadero) a partir de una particular organización de lo sensible.
Desde esta perspectiva, nos aproximaremos a la cuestión de la posverdad atendiendo a sus formas de manifestación sensible y plantearemos algunas cuestiones en torno al régimen de verdad en que funciona.
MATLAB software for extracting protein name and sequence information from FASTA formatted proteome file
Authors: Ng Wenfa
Published: July 2019

FASTA file format is a common file type for distributing proteome information, especially those obtained from Uniprot. While MATLAB could automatically read fasta files using the built-in function, fastaread, important information such as protein name and organism name remain enmeshed in a character array. Hence, difficulty exists in automatic extraction of protein names from fasta proteome file to help in building a database with fields comprising protein name and its amino acid sequence. The objective of this work was in developing a MATLAB software that could automatically extract protein name and amino acid sequence information from fasta proteome file and assign them to a new database that comprises fields such as protein name, amino acid sequence, number of amino acid residues, molecular weight of protein and nucleotide sequence of protein. Information on number of amino acid residues came from the use of the length built-in function in MATLAB analyzing the length of the amino acid sequence of a protein. The final two fields were provided by MATLAB built-in functions molweight and aa2nt, respectively. Molecular weight of proteins is useful for a variety of applications while nucleotide sequence is essential for gene synthesis applications in molecular cloning. Finally, the MATLAB software is also equipped with an error check function to help detect letters in the amino acid sequence that are not part of the family of 20 natural amino acids. Sequences with such letters would constitute as error inputs to molweight and aa2nt, and would not be processed. Collectively, given that important information such as protein name is enmeshed in a character array in fasta proteome file, this work sets out to develop a MATLAB software that could automatically extract protein name and amino acid sequence information, and assigns them to a new protein database. Using built-in functions, number of amino acid residues, molecular weight and nucleotide sequence of each protein were calculated; thereby, yielding a new protein database with improved functionalities that could support a variety of biology workflows ranging from sequence alignment to molecular cloning.
The transcription factor Hey and nuclear lamins specify and maintain cell identity
Authors: Flint Brodsly Naama , Bitman-Lotan Eliya , Boico Olga , Shafat Adi , Monastirioti Maria , Gessler Manfred , Delidakis Christos , Rincon-Arano Hector , Orian Amir
Published: July 2019

The inability of differentiated cells to maintain their identity is a hallmark of age-related diseases. We found that the transcription factor Hey supervises the identity of differentiated enterocytes (ECs) in the adult Drosophila midgut. Lineage tracing established that Hey-deficient ECs are unable to maintain their unique nuclear organization and identity. To supervise cell identity, Hey determines the expression of nuclear lamins, switching from a stem-cell lamin configuration to a differentiated lamin configuration. Moreover, continued Hey expression is required to conserve large-scale nuclear organization. During aging, Hey levels decline, and EC identity and gut homeostasis are impaired, including pathological reprograming and compromised gut integrity. These phenotypes are highly similar to those observed upon acute targeting of Hey or perturbation of lamin expression in ECs in young adults. Indeed, aging phenotypes were suppressed by continued expression of Hey in ECs, suggesting that a Hey-lamin network safeguards nuclear organization and differentiated cell identity.
Distinct roles of striatal direct and indirect pathways in value-based
decision making
Authors: Kwak Shinae , Jung Min Whan
Published: July 2019

The striatum is critically involved in value-based decision making.
However, it is unclear how striatal direct and indirect pathways work
together to make optimal choices in a dynamic and uncertain environment.
Here, we examined the effects of selectively inactivating D1 receptor (D1R)-
or D2 receptor (D2R)-expressing dorsal striatal neurons (corresponding to
direct- and indirect-pathway neurons, respectively) on mouse choice behavior
in a reversal task with progressively increasing reversal frequency and a
dynamic two-armed bandit task. Inactivation of either D1R- or D2R-expressing
striatal neurons impaired performance in both tasks, but the pattern of
altered choice behavior differed between the two animal groups. A
reinforcement learning model-based analysis indicated that inactivation of
D1R- and D2R-expressing striatal neurons selectively impairs value-dependent
action selection and value learning, respectively. Our results suggest
differential contributions of striatal direct and indirect pathways to two
distinct steps in value-based decision making.
Incantation as a Means of Communication in Yorùbá Land: ‘Eégún Aláré’ as a Case Study
Authors: BolanleTajudeen Opoola
Published: July 2019

Yorùbá oral literature is of three categories namely chant, song and recitation. This paper, therefore, focused on incantation as a means of communication among the masquerades in Yorùbá land with its data drawn from “Eégún Aláré”, a Yorùbá novel. Incantation is a combination of carefully arranged speeches or words in a poetic form and its use makes things work miraculously as the users wish or words that make human wishes come to reality with immediate effect. Before Christianity and Islam gained prominence in the Yorùbá society, Alárìnjó masquerades were among the well known traditional public entertainers and that during performances, incantation was often used to know who is who among the masquerades. However, Christianity and Islam have made the use of incantation, as a means of communication during masquerade performances, a thing of the past and what used to be a family profession in the past is no longer so because members of the Ọ̀jẹ̀ families who were in charge of this cultural profession in the past have now been converted to either Christianity or Islam or have been negatively influenced by Western education. This study nullifies the communication chain as the person to whom incantation is directed does not need to understand the language of the person that uses the incantation as the feed back would be the effect of the incantation in positive or negative form. The essence of this paper is to promote Yoruba oral literature through formal documentation of incantation as a Yoruba linguistic verbal art.
“Atrapar”, representación de la experiencia en narraciones de niños con discapacidad intelectual
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (Chile), Manghi H Dominique , Otárola C Fabiola ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (Chile), Godoy E Gerardo ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (Chile), Aranda G Isabel ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (Chile)
Published: July 2019

Existen escasas investigaciones que profundizan en las características de los recursos comunicativos y significados intercambiados en la comunicación de niños con discapacidad intelectual. El presente estudio se posiciona en un paradigma comunicativo semiótico social para explorar las funciones semánticas de recursos no verbales en la representación de la experiencia de narraciones de niños con discapacidad intelectual. Desde un enfoque multimodal de la comunicación que reconoce el valor semiótico de todos los recursos para la construcción de significados, se lleva a cabo un análisis multimodal del discurso centrado en la metafunción ideacional a un corpus audiovisual de cuatro narraciones de escolares con discapacidad intelectual basadas en una tarea de recontado con apoyo visual de un libro álbum. Los resultados de la exploración muestran que los narradores construyen el nudo narrativo “atrapar” mediante ensamblajes semióticos que incluyen gestos deícticos de distinto tipo sobre las imágenes del cuento y pantomima. Sus ensamblajes semióticos permiten construir de manera intersemiótica tanto acciones como a los participantes Agente y Meta, así como reacciones y Reactor y Fenómeno. Tanto el análisis del discurso de este estudio como sus resultados preliminares abren las puertas a nuevas preguntas sobre la comunicación de este grupo singular de narradores.
Simulation Dominated Approach versus Video Dominated Approach in Teaching Consecutive Interpreting to Undergraduates: An Exploratory Comparison Study
Authors:   Xi’an International Studies University (China), Li Xiangdong
Published: July 2019

Video dominated instruction (VDI) and simulation dominated instruction (SDI) are commonly practised in interpreter training, and yet their teaching effects have not been adequately researched so far. The present study was intended to compare the effectiveness of the two instructional approaches in teaching consecutive interpreting (CI) to third-year undergraduates. A quasi-experimental two-group pre-test/post-test comparison design was used. Sixty-two students took a pre-test on consecutive interpreting skills and completed a pre-self-assessment to rate their competence in eleven learning objectives at the beginning of a consecutive interpreting course. Thirty-one students in class one as the comparison group received VDI, while thirty-one students in class two received SDI. Sixteen weeks later at the end of the course, the two classes took a post-test on consecutive interpreting skills and completed a post-self-assessment to rate their competence in the same eleven learning objectives. After controlling the effects of pre-test and pre-self-assessment scores, ANCOVA results suggested that VDI and SDI are equally effective in teaching CI to undergraduates, except for one aspect that the latter is more effective in cultivating students’ ability to use non-verbal elements. Pedagogical implications about the complementary nature of the two approaches were discussed.
¿Realmentes existen?: la “pluralización” de los adverbios en -mente en español actual
Authors:   Universidad de Jaén (España), Felíu Arquiola Elena , Pato Enrique ,   Université de Montréal (Canadá)
Published: July 2019

En este trabajo se presenta un fenómeno no normativo casi desconocido en español, la “pluralización” de los adverbios en -mente (lugares realmentes sorprendentes), que no se encuentra recogido en las principales gramáticas de esta lengua. A partir de los datos del Corpus del español, damos a conocer este fenómeno, mostramos en qué países se documenta y con qué frecuencia. Posteriormente, analizamos qué adverbios en -mente muestran esta -s final en español actual y en qué contextos sintácticos se dan. En concreto, mostramos que en este fenómeno se encuentran implicados fundamentalmente adverbios de grado, adverbios relacionados con la modalidad y adverbios focalizadores, sobre todo cuando aparecen como modificadores de adjetivos y como modificadores oracionales. Finalmente, proponemos una explicación para la presencia de esta -s final a partir de dos procesos distintos, pero complementarios, que afectan a la categoría gramatical del adverbio en español: la concordancia adverbial, descrita hasta el momento para los adverbios cuantificadores que modifican a un adjetivo, y la “falsa” pluralización del adverbio.
Phytochemical Composition of Ethanol Extract of a Cocktail Herbal Mixture (Aju Mbaise)
Authors: Nnadiukwu A. T. , Monago-Ighorodje C. C. , Chuku L. C.
Published: July 2019

Aim: This study was carried out to determine the phytochemical constituent of ethanol extract of Aju Mbaise herbal mixture.

Study Design: In the course of the experiment, fresh samples of the plants that make up Aju Mbaise were collected and identified as Cnestis ferruginea, Xylopia aethiopica, Uvaria chamae, Palisota hirsuta, Scleria sp., Napoleona imperialis, Dialium guineense, Combretum racemosun, and Heterotis rotundifolia respectively. The fresh plants were air-dried, cut into small pieces and blended before the extraction process. Ethanol was used as the extraction solvent.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Research Laboratory of the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, in July 2018.

Methodology: The qualitative phytochemical analysis was determined by Standard methods described by Sofowara (1993), for testing alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids, while the quantitative phytochemical was estimated spectrophotometrically.

Results: The phytochemical result showed the presence of alkaloids (8.69%), flavonoids (19.10%), glycosides (6.86%), hydrogen cyanide (0.92%), phenols (31.56%), saponins (0.83%), steroids (0.94%), tannins (16.80%), and terpenoids (14.31%).

Conclusion: The study showed that ethanol extract of Aju Mbaise herbal mixture contains tremendous amount of phytochemicals.
Cell Arrangement Method for Solving Systems of Linear Equations in Three Unknown
Authors: Adu-Sackey A. , Lartey G. O. , Oduro F. T. , Eduafo Stephen
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we develop an approach for finding the cofactor, ad joint, determinant and inverse of a three by three matrix under the Cell Arrangements method using the coefficient matrix of a given systems of linear equation in three unknowns. The method takes out completely the seemingly daunting task in evaluating such matrices associated to the standard matrix method in solving simultaneous equation in three variable. Unlike the standard matrix method that goes through a lengthy process to obtain separately all the matrices necessary for the determination of the unknowns, the structural frame of the Cell Arrangement method comes in handy and are consistent with the results from systems that have unique solutions. This alternative approach provides all the vital hybrid matrices of the coefficient matrix needed in the determination of the unknowns of the system of equations in three variables. It is our view that by far, the Cell arrangement method is easy to work with and less prone to errors that are often connected with other known methods.
Can automated treatment plans gain traction in the clinic?
Authors: Amaloo Christopher , Hayes Lane , Manning Matthew , Liu Han , Wiant David
Published: July 2019

Recently, there has been an increased interest in the feasibility and impact of automation within the field of medical dosimetry. While there have been many commercialized solutions for automatic treatment planning, the use of an application programming interface to achieve complete plan generation for specific treatment sites is a process only recently available for certain commercial vendors. Automatic plan generation for 20 prostate patients was achieved via a stand‐alone automated planning script that accessed a knowledge‐based planning solution. Differences between the auto plans and clinically treated, baseline plans were analyzed and compared. The planning script successfully initialized a treatment plan, accessed the knowledge‐based planning model, optimized the plan, assessed for constraint compliance, and normalized the treatment plan for maximal coverage while meeting constraints. Compared to baseline plans, the auto‐generated plans showed significantly improved rectal sparing with similar coverage for targets and comparable doses to the remaining organs‐at‐risk. Utilization of a script, with its associated time saving and integrated process management, can quickly and automatically generate an acceptable clinical treatment plan for prostate cancer with either improved or similar results compared to a manually created plan.
Finite‐time prescribed performance adaptive fuzzy fault‐tolerant control for nonstrict‐feedback nonlinear systems
Authors: Su Hang , Zhang Weihai
Published: July 2019

This paper focuses on a finite‐time adaptive fuzzy control problem for nonstrict‐feedback nonlinear systems with actuator faults and prescribed performance. Compared with existing results, the finite‐time prescribed performance adaptive fuzzy output feedback control is under study for the first time. By designing performance function, the transient performance of the corresponding controlled variable is maintained in a prescribed area. Combining the finite‐time stability criterion with backstepping technique, a feasible adaptive fault‐tolerant control scheme is proposed to guarantee that the system output converges to a small neighborhood of the origin in finite time, and the closed‐loop signals are bounded. Finally, simulation results are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of the presented control method.
Self‐Assembly of Atomically Thin Chiral Copper Heterostructures Templated by Black Phosphorus
Authors: Nerl Hannah C. , Pokle Anuj , Jones Lewys , Müller‐Caspary Knut , van den Bos Karel H. W. , Downing Clive , McCarthy Eoin K. , Gauquelin Nicolas , Ramasse Quentin M. , Lobato Ivan , Daly Dermot , Idrobo Juan Carlos , Van Aert Sandra , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf , Sanvito Stefano , Coleman Jonathan N. , Cucinotta Clotilde S. , Nicolosi Valeria
Published: July 2019

The fabrication of 2D systems for electronic devices is not straightforward, with top‐down low‐yield methods often employed leading to irregular nanostructures and lower quality devices. Here, a simple and reproducible method to trigger self‐assembly of arrays of high aspect‐ratio chiral copper heterostructures templated by the structural anisotropy in black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets is presented. Using quantitative atomic resolution aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging, in situ heating transmission electron microscopy and electron energy‐loss spectroscopy arrays of heterostructures forming at speeds exceeding 100 nm s−1 and displaying long‐range order over micrometers are observed. The controlled instigation of the self‐assembly of the Cu heterostructures embedded in BP is achieved using conventional electron beam lithography combined with site specific placement of Cu nanoparticles. Density functional theory calculations are used to investigate the atomic structure and suggest a metallic nature of the Cu heterostructures grown in BP. The findings of this new hybrid material with unique dimensionality, chirality, and metallic nature and its triggered self‐assembly open new and exciting opportunities for next generation, self‐assembling devices.
Microstructured Photopolymerization of Liquid Crystalline Elastomers in Oxygen‐Rich Environments
Authors: McCracken Joselle M. , Tondiglia Vincent P. , Auguste Anesia D. , Godman Nicholas P. , Donovan Brian R. , Bagnall Brody N. , Fowler Hayden E. , Baxter Chance M. , Matavulj Valentina , Berrigan John D. , White Timothy J.
Published: July 2019

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are soft materials that undergo large anisotropic shape change in response to stimuli. Rational organization of the local director field can impart spatial control of the strain profile, enabling stretch‐based deformation capable of nearly 20 J kg−1 of output force. LCEs are increasingly being considered in end‐use applications in robotics, therapeutics, and optics. Here, a new synthetic approach is introduced to prepare LCEs composed of main chain mesogens via the cationic photopolymerization of the epoxy liquid crystal monomer (LCM). This examination details the optical, mechanical, and thermal properties of epoxide‐based LCEs as a function of spacer length (3, 6, or 11 carbons). The oxygen insensitivity of the cationic photopolymerization of these monomers makes this approach particularly attractive for implementation with emerging additive manufacturing techniques. This contribution focuses on microstructuring LCEs via 2‐photon direct laser writing (2P‐DLW). A custom heated cell facilitated 2P‐DLW of the aligned LCE epoxy resin melts to fabricate diverse geometric arrays. Enabled by the orthogonality of the reaction chemistry, hybrid and microstructured material compositions are prepared via the encapsulation of LCE epoxy micropatterns with free‐radical polymerization of acrylate‐based LCEs. The distinct thermomechanical response of the hybridized and microstructured LCE composites enables local and spatially controlled actuation.
Ultrafast Photo‐Response by Surface State‐Mediated Optical Transitions in Topological Insulator Bi2Te3 Nanowire
Authors: Park Dambi , Jeong Kwangsik , Maeng InHee , Kim Dajung , Kwon Hoedon , Hong Seok‐Bo , Kim Jae‐Hoon , Kee Chul‐Sik , Kang Chul , Cho Mann‐Ho
Published: July 2019

Topological insulators are a new class of materials with highly interesting optoelectronic properties such as strong light absorption, polarization‐dependent surface photocurrent, and topological phase transitions. In the present study, anomalous characteristics of the topological surface state (TSS) are discovered in a single‐crystalline Bi2Te3 nanowire (NW) through mediated optical transitions by utilizing an optical pump‐THz probe. As a result, ultra‐fast carrier recombination occurs owing to the presence of TSS, and a phonon frequency shift occurs due to enhanced electron–phonon interaction. In particular, the large optical absorption of the second TSS is closely related to high optical conductivity. The photoresponse for visible light in Bi2Te3 NW with TSS represents a remarkable improvement. The result indicates that the presence of (first and second) TSS and quantum well 2D electron gas effectively contributes to the significant improvement in photocurrent sensitivity by enhancement of the photocurrent generation. In summary, TSS‐assisted optical transitions affect the efficiency of the optoelectronic device.
EL Properties and Exciton Dynamics of High‐Performance Doping‐Free Hybrid WOLEDs Based on 4P‐NPD/Bepp2 Heterojunction as Blue Emitter
Authors: Chen Yuwen , Sun Qian , Dai Yanfeng , Yang Dezhi , Qiao Xianfeng , Ma Dongge
Published: July 2019

It is well known that one of the major challenges facing white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs) has been to achieve high efficiency, low efficiency roll‐off, and high color rendering index (CRI) simultaneously. A simple charge‐ and exciton‐confining emitting layer structure formed by employing a blue emitting p/n heterojunction, and combined with red, yellow, and green phosphorescent ultrathin layers, is presented, thus realizing the stable utilization of 100% excitons. The resulting hybrid WOLEDs exhibit the maximum forward‐viewing external quantum efficiency and power efficiency of 23.4% and 50.4 lm W−1, and keep them at 20.3% and 31.2 lm W−1 at 1000 cd m−2, showing high efficiency and low efficiency roll‐off. Furthermore, the device also shows extremely stable electroluminescent spectra in the whole luminance range with a high CRI of 93 and the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.49, 0.43) at 1000 cd m−2, which is perfect warm white for indoor lighting. The achievement of the excellent comprehensive performances is the best result reported to date among the conventional blue fluorescence‐based hybrid WOLEDs possessing such high CRI, which may be a new starting point for further research on high‐performance hybrid WOLEDs.
Extended “Adsorption–Insertion” Model: A New Insight into the Sodium Storage Mechanism of Hard Carbons
Authors: Sun Ning , Guan Zhaoruxin , Liu Yuwen , Cao Yuliang , Zhu Qizhen , Liu Huan , Wang Zhaoxiang , Zhang Peng , Xu Bin
Published: July 2019

Hard carbons (HCs) are promising anodes of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high capacity, abundance, and low cost. However, the sodium storage mechanism of HCs remains unclear with no consensus in the literature. Here, based on the correlation between the microstructure and Na storage behavior of HCs synthesized over a wide pyrolysis temperature range of 600–2500 °C, an extended “adsorption–insertion” sodium storage mechanism is proposed. The microstructure of HCs can be divided into three types with different sodium storage mechanisms. The highly disordered carbon, with d002 (above 0.40 nm) large enough for sodium ions to freely transfer in, has a “pseudo‐adsorption” sodium storage mechanism, contributing to sloping capacity above 0.1 V, together with other conventional “defects” (pores, edges, heteroatoms, etc.). The pseudo‐graphitic carbon (d‐spacing in 0.36–0.40 nm) contributes to the low‐potential (<0.1 V) plateau capacity through “interlayer insertion” mechanism, with a theoretical capacity of 279 mAh g−1 for NaC8 formation. The graphite‐like carbon with d002 below 0.36 nm is inaccessible for sodium ion insertion. The extended “adsorption–insertion” model can accurately explain the dependence of the sodium storage behavior of HCs with different microstructures on the pyrolysis temperature and provides new insight into the design of HC anodes for SIBs.
Clinical outcomes of single‐site laparoscopic interval appendectomy for severe complicated appendicitis: Comparison to conventional emergency appendectomy
Authors: Miyo Masaaki , Urabe Shoichiro , Hyuga Satoshi , Nakagawa Tomo , Michiura Toshiya , Hayashi Nobuyasu , Yamabe Kazuo
Published: July 2019

Aim

Single‐site laparoscopic interval appendectomy (SLIA) for severe complicated appendicitis after conservative treatment (CT) to ameliorate inflammation and eradicate the abscess should be safer and less invasive than emergency appendectomy (EA). However, only a few reports have been published regarding SLIA.

Methods

We retrospectively collected data on 264 consecutive patients admitted to Kinan Hospital for treatment of appendicitis between 2012 and 2018. The safety and feasibility of SLIA and its perioperative outcomes for severe complicated appendicitis were investigated.

Results

A total of 61 patients were included in this study, 25 of whom underwent CT and 36 EA. Among the 25 patients who underwent CT, 23 (92.0%) succeeded; a total of 16 patients (69.5%) underwent SLIA. Compared to the EA group, the SLIA group had less bleeding (median volume 8.5 vs 50 mL, P = .005) and lower rate of expansion surgery (0% vs 27.8%, P = .022). Although the postoperative hospital stay was shorter in the SLIA group than in the EA group (9 vs 12 days, P = .008), the total hospital stay, including the CT period, was longer in the SLIA group than in the EA group (24 vs 12 days, P < .001).

Conclusion

SLIA is safe, feasible, and less invasive than EA and may provide the advantages of minimally invasive surgery even if appendicitis is severe. SLIA may be a promising option for complicated appendicitis in select cases despite its disadvantage of prolonging the hospital stay.
“Let our Apache Heritage and Culture Live on Forever and Teach the Young Ones”: Development of The Elders’ Resilience Curriculum, an Upstream Suicide Prevention Approach for American Indian Youth
Authors: Cwik Mary , Goklish Novalene , Masten Kristin , Lee Angelita , Suttle Rosemarie , Alchesay Melanie , O'Keefe Victoria , Barlow Allison
Published: July 2019

Highlights

This study is only one of few that describe the development of a ground up prevention intervention.

This process can be replicated by other tribes to promote cultural beliefs, traditions and language.

The Elders’ Curriculum is an intergenerational approach that taps cultural and community strengths.
Differential perception and tolerance of chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms as a confounder of gender‐disparate disease burden
Authors: Phillips Katie M. , Bergmark Regan W. , Hoehle Lloyd P. , Shu Edina T. , Caradonna David S. , Gray Stacey T. , Sedaghat Ahmad R.
Published: July 2019

Background

Previous studies have consistently shown that females with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have a greater CRS symptom burden than males with CRS. Our objective was to determine whether differential disease perception could explain this phenomenon.

Methods

A total of 500 participants (239 males, 261 females) with CRS were recruited. CRS symptom burden was assessed with the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22). General health‐related quality of life was assessed with the visual analog scale of the 5‐dimensional EuroQol questionnaire (EQ‐5D VAS). Participants were asked to rate their CRS symptom control as “Not at all,” “A little,” “Somewhat,” “Very,” and “Completely.” “Not at all,” “A little,” and “Somewhat” controlled symptoms were considered to reflect poorly controlled symptoms.

Results

SNOT‐22 score was significantly more severe (p < 0.001) among females (mean, 44.0; standard deviation [SD], 22.5) than males (mean, 36.3; SD, 20.2). However, there was no significant difference in male‐ vs female‐reported CRS symptom control (p = 0.154). In addition, there was no significant difference (p = 0.109) in EQ‐5D VAS score between males (mean, 70.9; SD, 19.0) and females (mean, 68.4; SD, 19.5). Although a SNOT‐22 score of ≥25 was predictive of poorly controlled symptoms in males (sensitivity, 82.6%; specificity, 62.5%), a SNOT‐22 score of ≥30 was predictive of poorly controlled symptoms in women (sensitivity, 82.4%; specificity, 64.5%).

Conclusion

Females with CRS reported more severe SNOT‐22 scores, despite reporting a similar level of symptom control and general health‐related quality of life as men. Women had a higher SNOT‐22 threshold for poorly controlled symptoms. Female CRS patients may have greater perception and tolerance of CRS symptoms without a corresponding significant, disparate downstream impairment.
Das Potential von Molybdänkomplexen mit unsubstituierten heterodiatomaren Gruppe‐15‐Elementen als Linker in der supramolekularen Chemie
Authors: Elsayed Moussa Mehdi , Seidl Michael , Balázs Gábor , Hautmann Matthias , Scheer Manfred
Published: July 2019

Die Reaktion von tetraedrischen Molybdän‐Komplexen mit unsubstituierten heterodiatomaren Gruppe‐15‐Elementen [Cp2Mo2(CO)4(μ,η2:η2‐PE)] (Cp=C5H5, E=As (1), Sb (2)) mit CuI‐Halogeniden ergab sieben präzedenzlose, neutrale Supramoleküle. In Abhängigkeit von den Mo2PE‐Einheiten und den CuI‐Halogeniden werden die Oligomere [⟨{Cp2Mo2(CO)4}{μ4,η2:η2:η2:η1‐PE}⟩4⟨{CuX}{Cu(μ‐X)}⟩2] (E=As (X=Cl (3), Br (4)); E=Sb (X=Cl (6), Br (7))) oder die 1D‐Koordinationspolymere [{Cp2Mo2(CO)4}{μ4,η2:η2:η1:η1‐PAs}{Cu(μ‐I)}]n (5) und [{Cp2Mo2(CO)4}{μ4,η2:η2:η2:η1‐PSb}2{Cu(μ‐X)}3]n (X=I (8), Br (9)) erhalten. Diese Festkörper‐Aggregate sind die ersten und einzigen Beispiele, die über die metallorganischen heterodiatomaren Mo2PE‐Komplexe 1 und 2 als Verbindungseinheiten verfügen. DFT‐Rechnungen zeigen, dass die Komplexe 1 und 2 eine neue Klasse von gemischten Donorliganden darstellen, die an CuI‐Zentren über das freie P‐Elektronenpaar und die P‐E‐Sigma‐Bindung koordinieren und dabei eine bisher nicht beobachtete Koordinationsform aufweisen.
Regulating Transition‐Metal Catalysis through Interference by Short RNAs
Authors: Green Sydnee A. , Montgomery Hayden R. , Benton Tyler R. , Chan Neil J. , Nelson Hosea M.
Published: July 2019

Herein we report the discovery of a AuI–DNA hybrid catalyst that is compatible with biological media and whose reactivity can be regulated by small complementary nucleic acid sequences. The development of this catalytic system was enabled by the discovery of a novel AuI‐mediated base pair. We found that AuI binds DNA containing C‐T mismatches. In the AuI–DNA catalyst's latent state, the AuI ion is sequestered by the mismatch such that it is coordinatively saturated, rendering it catalytically inactive. Upon addition of an RNA or DNA strand that is complementary to the latent catalyst's oligonucleotide backbone, catalytic activity is induced, leading to a sevenfold increase in the formation of a fluorescent product, forged through a AuI‐catalyzed hydroamination reaction. Further development of this catalytic system will expand not only the chemical space available to synthetic biological systems but also allow for temporal and spatial control of transition‐metal catalysis through gene transcription.
A Double‐Armed, Hydrophilic Transition Metal Complex as a Paramagnetic NMR Probe
Authors: Miao Qing , Liu Wei‐Min , Kock Thomas , Blok Anneloes , Timmer Monika , Overhand Mark , Ubbink Marcellus
Published: July 2019

Synthetic metal complexes can be used as paramagnetic probes for the study of proteins and protein complexes. Herein, two transition metal NMR probes (TraNPs) are reported. TraNPs are attached through two arms to a protein to generate a pseudocontact shift (PCS) using cobalt(II), or paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) with manganese(II). The PCS analysis of TraNPs attached to three different proteins shows that the size of the anisotropic component of the magnetic susceptibility depends on the probe surroundings at the surface of the protein, contrary to what is observed for lanthanoid‐based probes. The observed PCS are relatively small, making cobalt‐based probes suitable for localized studies, such as of an active site. The obtained PREs are stronger than those obtained with nitroxide spin labels and the possibility to generate both PCS and PRE offers advantages. The properties of TraNPs in comparison with other cobalt‐based probes are discussed.
Red/Near‐Infrared Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence OLEDs with Near 100 % Internal Quantum Efficiency
Authors: Chen Jia‐Xiong , Tao Wen‐Wen , Chen Wen‐Cheng , Xiao Ya‐Fang , Wang Kai , Cao Chen , Yu Jia , Li Shengliang , Geng Feng‐Xia , Adachi Chihaya , Lee Chun‐Sing , Zhang Xiao‐Hong
Published: July 2019

Developing red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, attainable for both high‐efficient red organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) and non‐doped deep red/near‐infrared (NIR) OLEDs, is challenging. Now, two red emitters, BPPZ‐PXZ and mDPBPZ‐PXZ, with twisted donor–acceptor structures were designed and synthesized to study molecular design strategies of high‐efficiency red TADF emitters. BPPZ‐PXZ employs the strictest molecular restrictions to suppress energy loss and realizes red emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield (ΦPL) of 100±0.8 % and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 25.2 % in a doped OLED. Its non‐doped OLED has an EQE of 2.5 % owing to unavoidable intermolecular π–π interactions. mDPBPZ‐PXZ releases two pyridine substituents from its fused acceptor moiety. Although mDPBPZ‐PXZ realizes a lower EQE of 21.7 % in the doped OLED, its non‐doped device shows a superior EQE of 5.2 % with a deep red/NIR emission at peak of 680 nm.
Biological activity of hydroxyapatite/poly(methylmethacrylate) bone cement with different surface morphologies and modifications for induced osteogenesis
Authors: Che Youlu , Min Shan , Wang Mohong , Rao Minyu , Quan Changyun
Published: July 2019

Although having advantages such as good mechanical property and rapid curing, the poor absorption and biological activity of hydroxyapatite (HA)/poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement limits its clinical application. Therefore, it is of vital importance to improve the integration and the biological activity of HA/PMMA bone cement. In this study, spherical and rod‐like HA/PMMA bone cement with different content of P(MMA‐co‐MPS) were chosen to enhance its interface bioactivity. The content of P(MMA‐co‐MPS) on the surface of HA was 12, 30, 15, and 28%, respectively, corresponding to 0.3 r‐HA, 1.5 r‐HA, 0.3 s‐HA, and 1.5 s‐HA, whose calcium‐to‐phosphorus (Ca/P) ratios were 1.62, 1.5, 1.65, and 1.53, respectively, and were confirmed by energy dispersive spectroscopy. From scanning electron microscope, we found that the spherical HA (s‐HA) promotes the biomineralization on the surface of PMMA than rod‐like HA (r‐HA). In addition, cell experiments in vitro showed that s‐HA/PMMA with lower modification degree (0.3) of P(MMA‐co‐MPS) results in more cell adhesion and more evenly distributed on surface spreading while observed under laser confocal microscope. Meanwhile, in vitro, cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity indicated that s‐HA/PMMA bone cement promotes early osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs in a deeper extent than r‐HA/PMMA, demonstrating that 0.3 s‐HA/PMMA provides a favorable theoretical basis for the further clinical application of HA/PMMA bone cement as an optimized bone repair material. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48188.
Silver‐plated polyamide fabrics with high electromagnetic shielding effectiveness performance prepared by in situ reduction of polydopamine and chemical silvering
Authors: Lu Yawen , He Yin , Li Yafang , Xue Jie , Liu Hao , Cheng Bowen , Li Xiaojiu
Published: July 2019

In this article, the silver‐plated polyamide fabrics (SPPAFs) with high electroconductibility and shielding effectiveness were fabricated by using in situ reduction of polydopamine and chemical silvering. The effects of SPPAFs dopamine (C8H11O2N) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) concentration on surface resistivity and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness were studied. The results showed that the surface resistivity of SPPAFs can reach a minimum value of 0.06 ± 0.014 Ω cm−1, when C8H11O2N concentration is 4 g L−1 and the AgNO3 concentration is 120 g L−1. The shielding effectiveness of SPPAFs in the wide frequency range of 10–3000 MHz increases with the increase in the concentration of AgNO3, and increases first and stabilizes afterward with increasing C8H11O2N concentration. When the concentration of C8H11O2N and AgNO3 is 3 and 120 g L−1, respectively, mean shielding effectiveness values in the low‐, medium‐, and high‐frequency bands are 71.3, 73.8, and 76.1 dB, respectively. Moreover, the mean shielding effectiveness values is 83.79 dB in the frequency range of 1.2–2.3 GHz. The dominant shielding mechanism of SPPAFs is the reflected electromagnetic waves and the absorption shielding effectiveness is less than 2 dB. The average electromagnetic shielding values of SPPAFs are above 67 dB after 16 weeks of storage, when C8H11O2N concentration is 4 g L−1 and the AgNO3 concentration is 80 and 100 g L−1. The prepared SPPAFs show promising applications in military textiles and smart wearable clothing. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48227.
Direct use of Brazilian banknotes residue for the production of reinforced composites based on low‐density polyethylene
Authors: Gil Camila Silva Brey , Boaventura Tulio Pacheco , de Paula Fabiano Gomes Ferreira , de Castro Mateus Carvalho Monteiro , Oréfice Rodrigo Lambert
Published: July 2019

In this article, banknotes residues were used to prepare reinforced low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) composites. First, the banknotes residues were crushed into fibers and then it was added in the polymeric matrix using different weight ratios (1–20 wt %). The composites were prepared by melt compounding, followed by injection molding. Afterward, the composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and tensile tests. The FTIR showed physical interaction between fibers and the polymer matrix. In comparison with pure LDPE, improved mechanical properties were achieved for the composites containing 5–20 wt % of fibers (i.e., increase of 83% when 20% of fibers were used), with an increase in the tensile strength and Young's modulus, and a decrease in the elongation percentage. The results illustrate that the banknotes residues can be used for reinforcement of hydrophobic polymers without the need of any chemical modification or addition of compatibilizing agents. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48232.