bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MEDIA POLICIES OF THE STATE IN THE TIME OF COVID-19
Authors: Acharya Anogh , K. Unnikrishnan
Published: April 2021

The year 2020 was bad but it was not the worst year in human history. From 1348’s Plague, to 1644’s collapse of Ming Dynasty and Thirty Years War of Europe, to 1919’s Spanish Flu, to 1944’s Holocaust and World War II, we have witnessed worse and have lost millions more (Berhnhardt, 2021).
The Effectiveness of Learning Tools Using the 5E Learning Cycle Model to Improve Mastery of Concepts and Generic Science Skills
Authors: Nurdini Ihda Shoumi , Sutoyo Suyatno , Setiarso Pirim
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of learning devices using the 5E learning cycle model to improve students' mastery of concepts and generic science skills in electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions. This research is a type of pre-experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design research design. The research subjects were 21 students of class X MIPA-1 MA YKUI Maskumambang, Gresik, East Java. The methods used in data collection include validation and tests. The research data were analyzed descriptively and the n-gain analysis was used to determine the increase in students' mastery of concepts and generic science skills. The results showed: (1) students' mastery of concepts in electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions was 0.8 with high criteria; (2) The average score of the students' mastery of concepts on electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions was 89; (3) Increasing students' generic science skills on electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution material by 0.8 with high criteria; and (4) The average value of generic science skills for observation skills is 96 with predicate A. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the learning device using the 5E learning cycle model is effective in improving students' mastery of concepts and skills in electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution material
Effect of pterygium excision on mean corneal curvature.
Authors: Bano Saira , Khan Sumaya , Waqar Mahnoor , Iqbal Moniba , Bhatti Hamza Waqar , Raza Ali
Published: April 2021

Objective: To determine the difference in mean corneal curvatures before and after pterygium excision. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi. Period: 1st January 2015 to 1st July 2015. Material & Methods: 68 patients aged between 18 to 65 years were included in the study. Patients with history of ocular trauma, ocular surgery, glaucoma, anti-glaucoma treatment, allergy to steroids, pseudo pterygium, recurrent pterygium and presence of corneal abnormalities such as, scarring that might affect the astigmatic value were excluded. All patients underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination by slit lamp and best corrected visual acuity and keratometric values were noted. Pterygium excision was done by a single surgeon. BCVA and keratometric readings were taken again after 2 weeks of pterygium excision. Results: Mean age was 37.60 ± 11.11 years. Out of these 68 patients, 44 (64.71%) were male and 24 (35.29%) were females. Mean pre-operative corneal curvature was 2.99 ± 0.69D and post-operative corneal curvature was 1.70 ± 0.40D with P-value of <0.0001 which is statistically significant. Conclusion: This study concluded that pterygium excision brings significant change in corneal curvature in patients of pterygium induced astigmatism.
Vitamin Cobalamin deficiency in macrocytic anemia reporting at a Tertiary Care Hospital.
Authors: Shaikh Kashif Rasheed , Shaikh Shumaila , Tabassum Sadia , Memon Shagufta , Soomro Umair Ali , Siddiqui Shomail Saeed , Khoharo Haji Khan
Published: April 2021

Objective: Determine the frequency of vitamin cobalamin deficiency in macrocytic anemia cases reporting at tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Faculty of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Isra University, Hyderabad, Sindh Pakistan. Period: January 2017 to October 2018. Material & Methods: 450 cases of both genders, diagnosed as macrocytic- megaloblastic anemia were studied for the vitamin Cobalamin levels. Cases were collected through non- probability convenient sampling by inclusion and exclusion criteria. Consenting volunteers were asked for blood sampling. 5 mL blood was taken from ante – cubital fossa. Samples were centrifuged and sera were collected for the estimation of vitamin cobalamin by ELISA – assay kit. Continuous and categorical variables were entered in SPSS (version 21.0) and analyzed by Student t-test and Chi-square test respectively at 95% CI (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Male and female comprised 225 (43.3%) and 294 (56.6%) of 519 subjects. Male to female ratio was noted 1.30:1. MCV, MCH and MCHC show statistically significant difference between male and female (P<0.05). MCV in male was 96.8±9.92 fl vs. 105.5±12.04 fl in female (P=0.0001). Normal cobalamin was noted in 15.2% (n= 79) and any type of cobalamin deficiency was noted in 84.7% (n= 440) (P=0.0001). Conclusion: The present study reports frequency of 84.7% Cobalamin deficiency in macrocytic anemia reporting at Indus Medical College Hospital. Further studies are recommended by the treating physicians.
Frequency and trends of Hepatitis B & C, and human immune deficiency virus in blood donors presenting to blood bank of a Tertiary Hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan.
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ihtesham , Ahmed Neelam , Waqar Saman
Published: April 2021

Objective: To determine frequency and trends of hepatitis B & C and Human Immune deficiency Virus (HIV) in blood donors presenting to the blood bank of a tertiary hospital. Study Design: Cross Sectional Descriptive study. Setting: Blood Bank of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Period: January 2014 to October 2019. Material & Methods: A total of 119263 blood bags were screened during the study period. Donors of age 18-55 years age and weight above 55 kilograms were included in the study. Cases who were drug addicts, anemic and jaundiced were excluded from the study. All blood bags were screened for Hepatitis B & C and HIV using automated ELISA Cobas E-114 equipment. The data was analysed and results were calculated in terms of percentages. Results: A total of 119263 blood donors presented to the blood bank during the study period. Age range of the study sample was 20-45 years with mean of 31±7 years. There were 119193 (99.94%) males and 70 (0.06%) females. The overall frequency of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV was 1.42%, 0.76% and 0.018% respectively. The frequency of these infections was lowest in 2015 and highest in 2016.The trend of hepatitis B increased while that of hepatitis C decreased from 2014 to 2019. Conclusion: Hepatitis B infection is more prevalent in blood donors as compared to hepatitis C and HIV in our region. Actions should be taken to create awareness in population about the spread of hepatitis B and strict screening of the blood donors should be ensured to stop the rise in incidence of hepatitis B in our population.
Etiology of fever of unknown origin in children.
Authors: Lodhi Aysha Mansoor , Rizwan Wajiha , Nazar Mubeen , Mushtaq Asma , Saud Muhammad Sahir , Perveen Shahida
Published: April 2021

Objectives: To determine the etiology of Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) in children. Study Design: Prospective Observational study. Setting: Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children's Hospital, Lahore. Period: August 2019 to January 2020. Material & Methods: A total of 45 children aged between 01 to 180 months (15 years), having FUO were included. FUO was defined as a temperature of greater than 100.4ºF documented by a health care provider, persisting over a period of three weeks and for which no cause could be identified after at least 8 days of evaluation. All the study information was analyzed by using standard software SPSS 20. The quantitative variables like age and duration of fever before hospital admission were presented as mean and standard deviation. Qualitative variables like sex, antibiotic therapy use before definitive diagnosis and various diagnoses made were presented as frequencies and percentages. Results: The patient’s age range was from 01 to 180 months with mean of 80±45.12 months and male to female ratio was 2.2:1. Definitive diagnosis was made in 37(82.2%) patients. Infections were the predominant cause of FUO (44.4%) followed by malignancy (24.4%). Tuberculosis was the most common infection while Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia dominated the malignancy. Systemic lupus erythematosus was the most commonly diagnosed connective tissue disorder.  There was a significant association between duration of fever and the ultimate diagnosis (p=0.01). Conclusion: Infectious diseases were the most common cause of FUO followed by malignancy, connective tissue disorders and miscellaneous causes.
The Traces of Oppression and Trauma to Ethnic Minorities in Indonesia Who Experienced Rape on the 12 May 1998 Tragedy: A Review of Literature
Authors: Ahmadi Anas
Published: April 2021

This study explores oppression and trauma to ethnic Chinese minority women in Indonesia who experienced rape on the 12 May 1998 tragedy through literary data. The research method used was qualitative-narrative. The data source used was a novel titled Mei Merah (MM). The data analysis technique was carried out through stages that identified literary texts related to women's oppression from ethnic minorities; clarification of literary texts related to the oppression of women from ethnic minorities; data exposure; and data validation. The results show that ethnic Chinese women in Indonesia who experienced rape undergo trauma, impacting their psychological conditions. This was shown through Humaira, the novel’s character, who experienced a phase of trauma, a phase of madness, and a phase of suicide due to rape. It happened because of a profound traumatic experience. Moreover, ethnic minority women who are raped often go abroad to remove traces because they feel ashamed and traumatized by being raped.
Evaluating Bullying Effect on the Happiness and Performance of the Ship’s Crew
Authors: Said AlBreiki Imad Mubarak , Behforouzi Mehrdad
Published: April 2021

Bullying is rampant and has severe effects on the health and wellbeing of the employees. Additionally, it also undermines job satisfaction and performance, thus affecting productivity. Bullying among seafarers is widespread, and their isolation from the rest of the people while at sea can enhance aggressive behaviour. Bullying is widespread among seafarers and severely affects them in core areas of their life. There is a significant effect of bullying on mental health. However, the Omani seafarers are loyal to their jobs and claim to be happy at sea despite the challenges and hardships. While there are different forms of bullying in the workplace, verbal abuse is the most rampant. The study seeks to highlight the impact of bullying on seafarers' happiness and job satisfaction who work in a shipping company. A questionnaire with nine questions was prepared based on the authors' experience and sent by mobile phone to fifty officers and crew members working onboard. More insight into workplace bullying among seafarers is essential in formulating adequate law, thus improving seafarers' health and safety.
Hubungan Karakteristik Anak dan Ibu Dengan Kejadian Temper Tantrum Pada Anak Usia Pra Sekolah
Authors: Zuhroh Diah Fauzia , Kamilah Kamilah
Published: April 2021

Temper tantrum adalah suatu perilaku yang termasuk bagian dari perkembangan emosi anak. Perkembangan emosi anak erat kaitannya dengan kondisi lingkungan keluarga terutama orang tua. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik anak dan ibu dengan kejadian temper tantrum pada anak usia prasekolah di Bangkalan.

Janis penelitian analitik pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi sebanyak 38, dengan besar sampel 35 ibu dan anak yang diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji contingency coefficient  dan Fisher’s exact test.

 Karakteristik anak menunjukkan jenis kelamin sebagian besar laki-laki 57,1%, umur ibu sebagian besar 17-25 tahun 54,3% dan sebagian besar ibu tidak bekerja 51,4%.  Hasil uji contingency coefficient dari hubungan jenis kelamin anak dan kejadian temper tantrum diperoleh nilai p= 0,070. Sementara dari hasil uji Fisher’s exact test dari hubungan umur ibu dengan kejadian temper tantrum diperoleh nilai p=0,026 dan pada hubungan pekerjaan ibu dengan kejadian temper tantrum diperoleh nilai p=0,013.

Hasil penelitian ada hubungan pola asuh orang tua dengan kejadian temper tantrum pada anak usia prasekolah di Bangkalan.
Pengembangan Arsitektur Data Sistem Informasi Sekolah
Authors: Putra Rizqi Ari , Alauddin Muhammad Fahmi , Alam Islam Nur , Yaqin Muhammad Ainul
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to design a School Information System database architecture based on National School Standards. National School Standards are used as a reference in determining business processes in a school, especially elementary and midle-high school. These processes then describe the entity and its attributes. The database used is a Relational Database so that entities and attributes are drawn as a table that has relationships between entities. To model relationships between entities, use Entity Relational Diagrams. The results of this study are the realization of database architecture with national school standards. This database architecture design is expected to be a reference in building School Information Systems that are in accordance with National School Standards.
Otomasi Perencanaan Produksi pada Pondok Pesantren
Authors: Rahmasari S A , Juliasari A , Febryanto W K
Published: April 2021

Production planning is very necessary in a business process that aims to minimize the total cost of production. In this research, automation of production planning using data based on the Islamic boarding school business processes. This research uses descriptive research which aims to obtain information in the implementation of the business process planning of Islamic boarding school. The calculation of production costs in this study was carried out in Microsoft Excel by determining the total targets and raw materials of the Islamic boarding school business process, then calculating the production costs of the Islamic boarding school process until finding the optimal production costs for each student for 3 years. - The year of study is Rp. 1,242,542 rupiah / Islamic student for a total of 300 Islamic students.
Sistem Penyiraman Tanaman Otomatis Berbasis Arduino
Authors: YR Kenny Philander , Suppa Rinto , Muhallim Muhlis
Published: April 2021

This study aims to create an Arduino-based automatic plant watering system, in which the water pump can pump water automatically based on the reading from the soil moisture sensor, which aims to make it easier for people to water plants. This research was conducted at the Palopo City Agriculture Office. The results of this study indicate that users no longer need to water plants manually. In designing an Arduino-based Automatic Plant Watering System, a microcontroller and several components are used, including: Arduino UNO, FC-28 moisture sensor, water pump, relay, 16x2 LCD and breadboard. This tool works by reading data from the soil moisture sensor, if The sensor detects dry soil levels, then the data from the sensor will be read by Arduino. The data that has been read by Arduino will be forwarded to the relay, then the relay will forward the data that will be used to turn on or turn off the water pump
Penerapan Metode K-Means Pada Pengelompokkan Pengangguran Di Indonesia
Authors: Tanjung Fadhillah Azmi , Windarto Agus Perdana , Fauzan M
Published: April 2021

Unemployment is a group of labor force who has not done an activity that generates money. Someone who is said to be unemployed can also be categorized as people who have not worked, people who are looking for work, or people who have worked but have not gotten productive results. The purpose of this study is to analyze the unemployment stay by province in Indonesia. This research data is sourced from the Central Statistics Agency in 2014 - 2019. This study uses data mining techniques, namely the K-means algorithm, the K-means method is a clustering method that functions to break the dataset into groups. The K-means method can be used for percentage unemployment data by province. Data will be divided or grouped into 2 Clusters, where Cluster 1 is the group of provinces with the highest potential for unemployment with the results of 13 provinces and Cluster 2 is the province with the lowest potential unemployment results which is 21 provinces. The results of this study are as a way to assist the government in expanding employment to develop and improve the economy in each province in Indonesia. It is hoped that this research can provide input to the government. In particular, the provinces with minimal employment opportunities in Indonesia have an impact on unemployment
Penerapan Algoritma C4.5 Dalam Klasifikasi Penerima Kartu Keluarga Sejahtera (KKS)
Authors: Prajoko Arief , Sembiring Rahmat Widiya , S Saifullah
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to classify data on families who are entitled to receive a Prosperous Family Card (KKS), because there are still many other poor families who have not had the opportunity to receive this assistance program. Sources of data obtained from the Panghulu Nagori Mekar Rejo office, Bosar Maligas District, Simalungun Regency. The method used in this research is the C4.5 algorithm data mining technique which is implemented with the RapidMiner 5.3 application. The variables used in determining which families are entitled to receive a Prosperous Family Card (KKS) are (1) Occupation, (2) Income of the Head of the Family, (3) Number of Dependents, (4) Highest Education, (5) Condition of the House Building. The results of the classification using the C4.5 algorithm and testing with the Rapidminer software found that the factor that determines the feasibility of providing the Prosperous Family Card (KKS) assistance is C2 (Head of Household Income) with the highest gain value, namely 0.46880137
Reparation of voltage disturbance using PR controller-based DVR in Modern power systems
Authors: Danalakshmi D. , Prathiba S. , Ettappan M. , Krishna D. Mohan
Published: April 2021

The Smart Grid environment gives more benefits for the consumers, whereas the power quality is one of the challenging factors in the smart grid environment. To protect the system equipment and increase the reliability, different filter technologies are used. Even though, consumers’ expectations towards the power quality are not fulfilled. To overcome these drawbacks and enhance the system reliability, a new Custom Power Devices (CPD) are introduced in the system. Among different CPDs, the Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is one of the voltage compensating devices that is used to improve the power quality during distortions. When the distortions such as voltage swell and sag occur in the distribution system, the control strategy in the DVR plays a significant role. In this article, the DVR performance using Proportional Integral (PI), Proportional Resonant (PR) controllers are analyzed. A robust optimization algorithm called Self Balanced Differential Evolution (SBDE) is used to find the optimal gain values of the controllers in order to reach the target of global minimum error and obtain fast response. Then, a comparative analysis is performed between different controllers and verified that the performance of PR controller is superior than the other controllers. It has been found that the proposed PR controller strategy reduces the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) values for all types of faults. The proposed SBDE optimized DVR with PR controller reduces the THD value less than 4% under voltage distoration condition. The DVR topology is validated in MATLAB/SIMULINK in order to detect the disturbance and inject the voltage to compensate the load voltage.
Production and use of waste-derived fuels in Poland: current status and perspectives
Authors: Bień Jurand
Published: April 2021

In the paper issues related to the production and utilisation of waste-derived fuel (alternative fuel) in Poland are presented. Alternative fuel comes from dry residue of waste, mostly municipal, and is treated as a waste. In European Waste Catalogue waste-derived fuel is marked with 191210 code despite their municipal, industrial or mixed origin. The production and utilisation of alternative fuel were analysed with the data from sixteen polish voivodships’ annual reports. The total amount of waste-derived fuel produced in Poland exceeds 3 million tonnes annually. It means there is no balance between the amount of production and possibility of energy recovery in Poland. In 2018 only 1,54 million tons was recovered in R1 recovery process which is only half of the waste-derived fuel produced. In addition, the entire amount of fuel is used in the cement industry. In 2018 in the cement industry 1,46 millions tons of alternative fuel was used. It is estimated that the potential use of alternative fuel by cement plants in Poland is about 1.5-1.8 million tonnes. This means that greater use of alternative fuel in the cement sector is significantly limited. The difference between in the amount of fuel produced and the amount of fuel used for energy recovery in 2018 is around 1.67 million tons. This situation has a significant impact on the economy of waste management in the field of combustible waste production.
Achieving cost efficiency through increased inventory leanness: Evidence from manufacturing industry
Authors: Mor Rahul S , Kumar Dinesh , Yadav Sarika , Jaiswal Swatantra Kumar
Published: April 2021

Inventory management’s fundamental problem starts with maintaining equilibrium among the operating efficiency, cost of investment, and other allied costs with extensive inventories to keep the actual conflicts at the minimum while optimizing the inventory holding levels. But, inventory management practices have not been well exploited in various manufacturing industries yet. In this study, inventory management tools, i.e., ABC and VED analysis, have been applied in the manufacturing industry, considering 146 items as raw material for an assembly. A total of 15 items under ‘AV’ class have been identified that consume 82.05 % of the total cost, and these items need strict control and frequent ordering. Sigma level of suppliers is also calculated, which comes out to be 2.36, and it must be improved to reduce the overall inventory cost.
A Gap Study between Employers’ Expectations in Thailand and Current Competence of Master’s Degree Students in Industrial Engineering under Industry 4.0
Authors: Pattanapairoj Sirorat , Nitisiri Krisanarach , Sethanan Kanchana
Published: April 2021

Industry 4.0 is an era in which the manufacturing industry has adopted digital technologies and the Internet to enable smart manufacturing system, machines used in the production now can communicate with each other and exchange information between each other, and the machinery used in the manufacturing process is more modern and precise. Therefore, educational institutions should develop the curriculum to produce qualified graduates with the knowledge required for the Industry 4.0 era, especially Industrial Engineering graduates who are directly related to the industry sector. The purpose of this research is to collect the data for the Master of Industrial Engineering (MSIE) curriculum development. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique is used to rank the indicators of knowledge that is important to the employment of graduates with a master’s degree in Industrial Engineering, and study the gap between the expectations of employers and the ability of the current MSIE students of Khon Kaen University. The results of the study reveal that the first indicators that are most important to the employment of MSIE graduates is the knowledge of Industry 4.0 strategy and the knowledge that the students should have developed are the collaboration of humans and robots, big data analytics, real time data usage and databased decision making.
A nyelvi metonímia körülhatárolásának lehetőségei
Authors: Tóth Máté
Published: April 2021

The possibilities of delimiting linguistic metonymy The starting point of present paper is that the broad notion of conceptual me-tonymy runs the risk of becoming vacuous. In order to avoid this risk, I propose a narrower notion of linguistic metonymy, according to which linguistic metonymies co-active a referential complex consisting of the target and the source content, as well as the relationship between the two so that only the source content is ex-pressed linguistically in an explicit form. Furthermore, I try to show how this nar-rower notion may prove to be helpful in delimiting linguistic metonymy against related phenomena, in particular against active zone phenomena and linguistic metaphors. Keywords: metonymy, linguistic metonymy, conceptual metonymy, active zones, metaphor, implicitness, activation
A korai ómagyar kori í ~ é szembenállás vizsgálatának lehetőségei és korlátai
Authors: Bába Barbara
Published: April 2021

Opportunities and Limitations of Studying the í ~ é Opposition of the Early Old Hungarian Era In former scholarly publications we may find only uncertain references to the regional characteristics of the í ~ é opposition of the Old Hungarian Era; the de-tailed analysis of the phenomenon from the perspective of historical dialectology and phonology has still not been completed due to the problematic nature of the issue. In this paper I explore the problems related to the study of the regional at-tributes of the í ~ é opposition and in this process I outline findings related to pho-nological dialectological phenomena from the Old Hungarian Era that are valid in a broader context as well. It is not an easy task to identify lexeme pairs with an í ~ é opposition. One of the reasons for this is the orthographic inconsistency characteristic of the era in gen-eral, while the other cause is that historically there are no homogeneous phenome-na underlying these differences. In my paper I present the regional features of the í ~ é opposition during the Old Hungarian Era while considering these difficulties as well. When studying data exemplifying the í ~ é opposition, however, I also ad-dressed a more general topic, the source value of data from the perspective of his-torical dialectology in charters that have not survived in their original form. Keywords: historical dialectology, phonology, í ~ é opposition
SPECTATORS’ UNDERSTANDING OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF A SPORT EVENT IN PORT ELIZABETH, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors:   Nelson Mandela University, Tourism Department, Port Elizabeth, South Africa, BARTIS Hugh , TOFILE Sibusiso ,   Nelson Mandela University, Tourism Department, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
Published: April 2021

The main aim of this study was to investigate the spectators understanding of the environmental impact when a sport event is hosted. The study focused on the Town Lodge Business Relay (TLBR) event, an annual event hosted in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. This event entails companies (corporates) entering relay teams, which compete again other teams. A quantitative approach was followed, using non-probability sampling and with spectators completing a self-administered questionnaire. The outcome of the study revealed pertinent demographic details about the spectators and indicated that most of the spectators (respondents) generally understood the environmental impact of sport events.
Bitkisel Malç Miktarının Ekmeklik Buğdayda Biyomas, Tane Verimi ve Hasat İndeksi Üzerindeki Lineer ve Kuadratik Etkileri
Authors: YILMAZ Muhammed Alim , YÜRÜRDURMAZ Cengiz , KARA Rukiye , KAZANCI Duygu , YILMAZ Songül , KEÇECİOĞLU Yasemin , AKKAYA Aydın
Published: April 2021

Buğday tarımında bitkisel malç uygulaması toprak organik maddesi ve kalitesinin, su kullanım etkinliğinin, verim ve verim unsurlarının artırılması yönünden önemli yararlar sağlamaktadır. İklim ve toprak özellikleri, malç tipi, miktarı, uygulama şekli ve zamanı gibi faktörlere bağlı olarak malç materyallerinin etkinliği önemli derecede değişebilmektedir. Malç uygulamalarının Adana 99 ekmeklik buğday çeşidi üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla Kahramanmaraş koşullarında 2018-2019 yılında bir çalışma yürütülmüştür. Malç olarak buğday samanı kullanılmış, 4 farklı miktarda (0, 300, 600 ve 900 kg da-1) ve 3 farklı zamanda (ekimden hemen sonra, sapa kalkma başlangıcında, gebecik döneminde) uygulama yapılmıştır. Deneme, faktöriyel düzenleme yapılarak, tesadüf blokları deneme planına göre, 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Bu makalede, kantitatif faktör olan malç miktarı esas alınarak biyomas, tane verimi ve hasat indeksi üzerindeki lineer ve kuadratik etkiler incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, malç miktarının biyomas üzerindeki lineer etkisinin önemsiz, kuadratik etkisinin önemli, tane verimi ve hasat indeksi üzerindeki lineer ve kuadratik etkilerin her ikisinin de önemli olduğu ve 300 kg/da malç miktarının yeterli olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Farklı Oranlarda Üre ve Melas Katkılarının Filotu (Miscanthus x giganteus) Silajlarının Fiziksel ve Bazı Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: BOLAKAR Kadir , YÜKSEL Osman
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışma salkım çıkarma öncesi dönemde hasat edilerek silolanan filotu (Miscanthus x giganteus) silajlarına farklı oranlarda üre ve melas katkılarının silajların fiziksel ve bazı kalite özelliklerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla 2018 yılında Uşak’ta yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada filotu silajlarına %0.5, 1 ve 1.5 oranında üre ve %0, 2 ve 4 oranında melas katkıları uygulanarak silajların kuru madde oranı, fiziksel özellikleri, pH, fleig puanı, ham protein oranı, nötr çözücülerde çözünmeyen lif (NDF), asit çözücülerde çözünmeyen lif (ADF) ve nispi yem değerleri (RFV) belirlenmiştir.

Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre silajların pH değerleri 3.78 ile 6.13 arasında, fleig puanları 35.86 ile 129.71 arasında, ham protein oranları %5.47 ile 8.35 arasında, NDF ve ADF oranları sırasıyla %69.09 ile %76.81 ve %42.33 ile 49.49 arasında değişmiştir. Uygulamalara bağlı olarak RFV değerleri ise 61.28 ile % 75.29 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Çalışmada üre katkıları silajların ham protein oranlarını olumlu yönde etkilerken silaj fermantasyonu ve sindirilebilirlik ile ilgili özellikler olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. Melas katkıları ise silajların kuru madde ve ham protein oranı dışındaki özelliklerini olumlu etkilemiştir. Araştırma sonucunda yüksek ham protein oranı ve sindirilebilirlik için filotu silajlarına %1 oranında üre ve %4 oranında melas ilave edilmesinin gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Dinámica folicular y relación cortisol-respuesta ovulatoria en vacas tratadas con diferentes cantidades de progesterona
Authors: González S. A. , Cabodevila J. A. , Callejas S. S.
Published: April 2021

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar si el tratamiento con dispositivos intravaginales (DIV) con diferentes cantidades de progesterona (P4) afectaba la concentración plasmática de dicha hormona, la dinámica folicular y el porcentaje de ovulación en vacas. Además, se fijó como objetivo secundario ver si existía relación entre el nivel plasmático de cortisol y la respuesta ovulatoria. Vacas secas, cíclicas, Bos taurus, fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a 3 grupos que recibieron los siguientes tratamientos: 1) T0,558 (n=10), en el día 0 se colocó un DIV con 0,558 g de progesterona más benzoato de estradiol (BE). En el día 8 se retiró el dispositivo y se administró D-cloprostenol. En el día 9 se administró BE. 2) T1 (n=10) y T1,3 (n=10), similares al grupo T0,558, con la salvedad que se utilizó un DIV con 1 g y 1,3 g de P4, respectivamente. No se observaron efectos del tratamiento sobre el porcentaje de ovulación (66,7%), diámetro del folículo dominante ovulatorio y niveles de P4 plasmática. La concentración de cortisol en plasma fue mayor en las vacas que no ovularon. Se concluye que la cantidad de P4 contenida en los DIV evaluados no afecta la concentración de dicha hormona en plasma ni la dinámica folicular. El nivel de cortisol se relaciona con la respuesta ovulatoria y éste podría ser un indicador de estrés, el cual podría afectar la eficiencia reproductiva.
Estimación de pérdidas económicas causadas por Trypanosoma vivax en un rodeo lechero de Argentina
Authors: Abdala A. A. , Larriestra A. J. , Signorini M.
Published: April 2021

En Argentina T. vivax fue descrito por primera vez en 2006 afectando ganado de carne de la Provincia de Formosa. Durante el verano/otoño de 2016/2017 se observaron los primeros brotes en la zona central de la Provincia de Santa Fe, afectando algunos rodeos lecheros. Se describe el impacto que este hemoparásito produjo en un establecimiento lechero con 220 vacas totales, donde los síntomas principales fueron abortos (n=17), diarrea, mala condición corporal, baja o nula producción de leche y muerte de vacas (7,5%). Las pérdidas totalizaron 58.802 USD considerando los abortos, muertes de vacas, venta de animales improductivos y gastos por tratamiento específico. Por tratarse de una enfermedad desconocida para la zona, la demora en realizar el diagnóstico exacerbó las pérdidas. El tratamiento de la totalidad de los bovinos adultos con diminazene detuvo el brote, siendo económicamente justificable su aplicación.
Mastitis en vacas Holstein y factores asociados en tambos de Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Vissio C. , Pereyra M. , Lamberti M. , Bonetto C. , Larriestra A.
Published: April 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar la incidencia de mastitis clínica (MC) en tambos e identificar factores individuales asociados a nuevos episodios. Nueve tambos del tipo semipastoril que aplicaban medidas de control y prevención de la mastitis, fueron incluidos y visitados dos veces con un intervalo de 15 días. Una muestra aleatoria de vacas fue seleccionada en la primera visita y monitoreada durante los 15 días posteriores para la identificación de los nuevos casos de MC. La incidencia fue determinada como el cociente entre el número de casos nuevos de MC durante el período de seguimiento y el número de vacas sanas en la primera visita. Los factores de riesgo evaluados a nivel de vaca fueron: suciedad de la ubre, distancia al piso de la punta del pezón anterior, número ordinal de partos y días en lactancia. A nivel de cuarto se evaluó la presencia de pérdida espontánea de leche, condición del pezón considerando estado de la piel, presencia de anillo e hiperqueratosis. El grado de mastitis subclínica se valoró utilizando el California Mastitis Test (CMT). Un modelo lineal generalizado mixto fue ajustado para evaluar la asociación entre los factores relevados y la presentación de un caso nuevo de MC. Un total de 990 vacas fueron analizadas identificándose 62 (6,7%, intervalo de confianza-IC 95% 5,0-8,3) casos nuevos de MC. Los factores asociados a la presentación de un caso nuevo de mastitis clínica en el modelo final fueron días en lactancia, suciedad de la ubre y grado de CMT. Vacas con ubres muy sucias (grado 4) y resultado de CMT ≥2 en al menos un cuarto, mostraron valores de odds ratio (OR) de 2,56 (1,19-5,50) y 3,29 (1,5-7,2), respectivamente. Los atributos de la vaca identificados como asociados pueden ser indicadores de riesgo para el manejo especifico de la salud mamaria en el tambo.
Efecto de diferentes protocolos de aplicación de hierro sobre variables hematológicas en lechones
Authors: Anchapanta R. E. , Quisirumbay J. R. , Naranjo M. A.
Published: April 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes protocolos de administración de hierro en la prevención de anemia en lechones, a través de variables hematológicas como cantidad de hematíes (RBC), hemoglobina (HB), hematocrito (HT0), índices eritrocitarios (VCM, HCM, CHCM), ferritina (FT) y transferrina (TF). El estudio se realizó en el Centro Experimental Uyumbicho, Pichincha (Ecuador). Se utilizó un total de 27 lechones (Landrace x Yorkshire x Pietrain) distribuidos en un diseño completamente aleatorizado en tres tratamientos (T). En T1 se aplicó hierro-dextrano (100 mg/ml), a una única dosis de 2 ml al tercer día de edad; T2 hierrodextrano (100 mg/ml), 1 ml a los días 3 y 7 de edad; y T3 hierro dextrano (200 mg/ml), 1 ml al día 3 de edad. Adicionalmente se evaluó el peso vivo a los 28 días de edad (destete). Las muestras de sangre fueron tomadas 4 días después de la aplicación. Se encontraron diferencias (p<0,05) entre los tratamientos para las variables RBC, HB y HTO, presentando valores más altos en los lechones del grupo T2. Los índices eritrocitarios, así como FT y TF, no presentaron diferencias (p>0,05). Respecto al peso vivo no hubo diferencias entre los grupos evaluados (p>0,05). Se concluye que la aplicación de dos dosis de hierro-dextrano (100 mg/dl a los 3 y 7 días de edad), fue más efectiva para prevenir la anemia, como lo reflejan los valores de hematíes, hemoglobina y hematocrito. El peso vivo del lechón no se vio favorecido por ninguno de los tratamientos aplicados.
Madurez sexual e indicadores asociados en dos genotipos de gallinas bajo diferentes programas de alimentación
Authors: Sanz P. , Sindik M. , Fernández R. , Revidatti F.
Published: April 2021

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el peso, la condición corporal, los indicadores zoométricos y la edad a la madurez sexual en dos genotipos de gallinas reproductoras Campero INTA, bajo dos programas de alimentación en cría y recría. Se trabajó con 400 gallinas pertenecientes a 2 genotipos (sintética E y el híbrido ES*A) que recibieron dos planes nutricionales (control y tratado) entre las semanas 5 y 22. A las 22 semanas se observó una interacción estadísticamente significativa (p<0,0001) para el peso corporal. En el grupo control las aves del genotipo ES*A fueron más pesadas que la población E (ES*A 2.288 g vs E 2.133 g), mientras que en el grupo tratado las aves del genotipo E fueron más pesadas que la población ES*A (ES*A 2.313 g vs E 2.348 g). El índice de cresta registró diferencias significativas entre genotipos (p<0,0001) y programas de alimentación (p<0,0001). El programa de alimentación indujo un adelantamiento de la entrada a la madurez sexual en días para ambas poblaciones (p=0,009), con valores de 165±2,83 (ES*A Control), 156±2,83 (ES*A Tratado), 164±0,00 (E Control) y 157±2,83 (E Tratado). Se concluye que diferentes asignaciones de alimento durante las etapas de cría y recría impactan sobre el peso corporal y los indicadores zoométricos en los genotipos maternos del pollo Campero INTA y sus cruzamientos, con diferencias marcadas en el grado de integración entre peso corporal y desarrollo reproductivo entre ambos genotipos. La mayor asignación produce un adelantamiento a la entrada de la madurez sexual.
Urolitiasis en caprinos del Departamento Empedrado (Corrientes, Argentina)
Authors: Monzón N. , Cipolini F. , Martínez D. , Huber D. , Robles C..
Published: April 2021

La urolitiasis es un trastorno obstructivo total o parcial de las vías urinarias, frecuente en pequeños rumiantes en producción intensiva. En una población de 58 caprinos confinados, se detectaron 8 casos de urolitiasis, de los cuales murieron 6 animales afectados (machos castrados). Los caprinos enfermos manifestaron decaimiento, apatía y anorexia. Posteriormente hubo animales que presentaron postura antiálgica (lomo encorvado), abdomen distendido y muy sensible a la palpación, prueba de apnea negativa, respiración superficial y acelerada, así como también balido interrumpido. Se realizaron sondajes uretrales, extracciones de sangre y necropsias a los animales muertos, efectuando las correspondientes tomas de muestras para análisis histopatológicos y de laboratorio. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron la existencia de trastornos obstructivos, lo cual derivó en la reformulación de la dieta de los caprinos y generó el control de la enfermedad, sin posterior aparición de nuevos casos.
Seroprevalencia y factores de riesgo del virus de parainfluenza 3 (VPI-3) en bovinos de Colombia
Authors: Fernández M. A. , Bulla D. M. , Díaz A. M. , Pulido M. O.
Published: April 2021

El virus de la parainfluenza bovina tipo 3 (VPI-3) es considerado como uno de los patógenos más importantes asociados con las enfermedades respiratorias bovinas. Está calificado como parte del complejo respiratorio bovino, porque es una enfermedad multifactorial asociada a la manifestación de diferentes agentes etiológicos que causan neumonía o infección de las vías respiratorias superiores, en todas las edades del ganado. Está ampliamente distribuido a nivel mundial y se caracteriza por causar síntomas como bronconeumonía grave, tos, anorexia, pirexia, secreciones nasales y oculares, disnea y -a veces- diarrea. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la seroprevalencia y los factores de riesgo del virus de parainfluenza en bovinos del municipio de Oicatá (Boyacá, Colombia). Se recolectaron 360 muestras de sangre de hembras bovinas, las cuales se procesaron mediante la implementación del kit comercial ELISA PrimacheckVPI-3®, Agrolabo (España). La seroprevalencia de VPI-3 fue del 31%, sin embargo no se encontró asociación estadística con la raza y edad de los individuos evaluados. La seroprevalencia de la enfermedad es elevada en Oicatá, afectando directamente a la productividad y rentabilidad de la producción animal, razón por la cual se hace necesaria la implementación de planes de control y prevención de dicha patología.
Evaluation of the genotoxic effects of herbicide 2,4-D in Piaractus mesopotamicus by micronucleus test
Authors: Cowper C. F. , Jorge M. J. , Jorge L. C.
Published: April 2021

The herbicide 2,4-D is currently one of the most used agrochemicals in agriculture. The fish are target of contamination, these when being in contact with toxics develop later alterations that can be studied, reason why they are used as models in the evaluation of aquatic ecosystems. There is scarce information about the effects of these pesticides in fish. Because of this, the objective of this work was to evaluate the possible impact of a contamination with 2,4-D, in sub-lethal concentrations in Piaractus mesopotamicus, through the frequency of micronuclei (MN) and alterations in the shape of the nuclei (NMA) in peripheral blood erythrocytes in chronic conditions (70 days). Two trials were conducted, one with the herbicide 2,4-D pure (P) and another with a commercial formulation (2,4-D bitter amine) (FC). Each experience was composed of five aquariums with two specimens in each, where different concentrations of the pesticide were administered (1 ppm, 1.8 ppm, 3.2 ppm, 5.6 ppm and 10 ppm), and in another with well water (control). A total of 4000 cells per individual were analyzed. Through the test MN and NMA the presence of diverse nuclear alterations was evidenced. The mentioned test for P and dilutions 1 ppm, 1.8 ppm, 3.2 ppm, 5.6 ppm of FC did not show significant differences with the control, while the concentration of 10 ppm of FC differed statistically from its control, this could be due to additional components in FC.
Leishmaniosis felina (L. infantum) en Paraguay. Diagnóstico, tratamiento y evolución
Authors: Tintel M. , Salvioni O. , Fraenkel S. , Marini R. , Bernal A.
Published: April 2021

Leishmaniosis es un conjunto de enfermedades zoonóticas causadas por protozoos del género Leishmania sp. Desde tiempo atrás se vienen registrando numerosas infecciones en caninos y en los últimos años ocurrieron casos aislados en felinos. Algunos gatos que cohabitaron en áreas endémicas de leishmaniosis canina contrajeron la enfermedad. Es probable que el sistema inmunitario del felino sea capaz de controlar la contaminación del parásito, ya sea eliminándolo o bien manteniéndolo en un estado crónico subclínico. Se reporta un caso de leishmaniosis en un felino adulto joven, residente en Asunción (Paraguay), cuya sintomatología clínica era inespecífica. Los estudios de laboratorio permitieron identificar la presencia de amastigotes de Leishmania infantum. El paciente fue sometido a tratamiento con respuesta favorable y remisión total de signos clínicos. La identificación del protozooario es determinante para el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad. Si bien la leishmaniosis es menos frecuente en felinos que en caninos, debe incluirse en el diagnóstico diferencial, especialmente en áreas endémicas.
POWER BACKUP SUPPLY FOR CONSUMERS OF THE FIRST CATEGORY
Authors: Kirichek Alexey
Published: April 2021

The paper is dedicated to the methods of heat-power backup supply. A search for a solution to update a process of power backup supply to consumers of the first category is carried out.

There is carried out a comparative analysis of all accessible systems for power backup supply including those which were not used earlier for the most significant consumers. As a solution in the paper there are offered micro-turbine installations as the most efficient and convenient in operation. The method is based on the principle of comparison allowing the choice of the most suitable solution. The investigation results are a fundamentally new solution for this field of researches as micro-turbine installations were not used earlier for power backup supply of consumers of the first category.

Various versions of power backup supply are presented, problem setting is carried out taking into account the requirements made, the objects under investigations are described and conclusions on the best version for heat-power backup supply of the consumers of the first category are presented.
Climate Policy and Vulnerable Coastal Communities in South Korea
Authors: Han SaMin
Published: April 2021

As climate change accelerates, coastal cities in South Korea face an
increasing risk to their sustainable survival. However, climate policy
and national projects have not appropriately reflected these
continuously increasing risks. This study focuses on Korean coastlines
and local communities in as attempt to connect national policies with regional diversity. This research includes a literature review and expert interviews that trace historical changes and highlight the various projects undertaken by the Korean government. This study diagnoses the current status of such efforts and suggests policy recommendations for the Korea government.
10-years follow-up of patients with stomach cancer - diagnostic defects & dyspepsia as the earliest “alarm symptom”; results of the ”RADIUS” program (“early diagnosis of stomach cancer in dyspepsia”)
Authors: Lazebnik L. B. , Busalaeva E. I. , Dekhnich N. N. , Dolgalev I. V. , Efimova M. V. , Zhilina A. A. , Zhuchkova S. M. , Konovalova G. M. , Livzan M. A. , Lyalyukova E. A. , Mokshina M. V. , Nevzorova V. A. , Onuchina E. V. , Petrova M. M. , Pozdnyakova O. Yu. , Prokhorova L. V. , Rogacheva I. V. , Romanova N. N. , Sarsenbaeva A. S. , Stefanyuk O. V. , Ten M. E. , Khlynova O. V. , Chernysheva E. N. , Yankovaya T. N. , Pavlova N. V. , Lee E. D. , Kareva E. N.
Published: April 2021

In 2019, a retrospective analysis of medical records for 10 previous years (2019-2009) was conducted for 426 patients with confirmed malignant neoplasm (MN) of the stomach registered in 125 outpatient and polyclinic medical and preventive treatment facilities in 12 cities of the Russian Federation. The average age of patients at the time of diagnosis was 61.9 years, the life expectancy after diagnosis being 2.2 years. In 67.4% of patients the diagnosis was made at stages III and IV of the disease. All patients had a history of any upper digestive tract pathology. The record of H. pylori c examination was detected in 16.9% of patients, all of them with positive results. In 64,3% of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS) protocols there were visible changes in the gastric mucosa. Dynamic EGDS control was performed irregularly. During the whole period of observation, an average of 2.5 biopsies per patient were taken during EGDS. In the clinical diagnosis of “chronic gastritis” morphological examination was performed in 70.0% of patients. Classical “warning signs” were registered on the average 2.4 years before the diagnosis of gastric cancer. Dyspepsia syndrome was registered 4.6 years before cancer verification. The correlation between dyspepsia and the timing of cancer diagnosis was confirmed. Thus, the dyspepsia syndrome can be categorized as “early warning signs”. For the diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma, 3D correlation analysis showed a correlation between the number of biopsy samples taken, the number of “warning signs” and the number of years lived after the diagnosis of malignant neoplasms.