bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of choline amino acid ionic liquids on maize seed germination and endogenous plant hormone levels
Authors: Chen Xiaohong , Hao Rui , Chen Wenquan , Jia Huimin , Qin Shufang , Wang Qi , Zhang Dingxiang , Han Zhaoxue , Li Yajun
Published: January 2024

Prior research has established choline-based ionic liquids (ILs) as safe for various organisms.
Green synthesis of chlorella-derived carbon dots and their fluorescence imaging in zebrafish
Authors: Wang Yue , Gu Zhihi , Dong Jingyi , Zhu Jie , Liu Cunguang , Li Guohan , Lu Meichen , Han Jian , Cao Shengnan , Chen Liyong , Wang Wei
Published: January 2024

Schematic illustration of fluorescence imaging and toxicology study of chlorella-derived CDs in zebrafish.
Pseudomorphic amorphization of three-dimensional superlattices through morphological transformation of nanocrystal building blocks
Authors: Saruyama Masaki , Takahata Ryo , Sato Ryota , Matsumoto Kenshi , Zhu Lingkai , Nakanishi Yohei , Shibata Motoki , Nakatani Tomotaka , Fujinami So , Miyazaki Tsukasa , Takenaka Mikihito , Teranishi Toshiharu
Published: January 2024

The dynamic order-to-disorder transition of nanocrystal arrangements in three-dimensional superlattices is caused by the morphological transformation of nanocrystal constituents during the direct liquid-phase synthesis of superlattices.
Effect of non-linear strain stiffening in eDAH and unjamming
Authors: Xie Xiaofan , Sauer Frank , Grosser Steffen , Lippoldt Jürgen , Warmt Enrico , Das Amit , Bi Dapeng , Fuhs Thomas , Käs Josef A.
Published: January 2024

Deformed cells and nuclei caused by tissue surface tension or cell unjamming lead to cellular strain stiffening, which causes rigid regions in cell aggregates.
Pseudouridylation-mediated gene expression modulation
Authors: Chen Jonathan L. , Leeder W.-Matthias , Morais Pedro , Adachi Hironori , Yu Yi-Tao
Published: January 2024

RNA-guided pseudouridylation, a widespread post-transcriptional RNA modification, has recently gained recognition for its role in cellular processes such as pre-mRNA splicing and the modulation of premature termination codon (PTC) readthrough. This review provides insights into its mechanisms, functions, and potential therapeutic applications. It examines the mechanisms governing RNA-guided pseudouridylation, emphasizing the roles of guide RNAs and pseudouridine synthases in catalyzing uridine-to-pseudouridine conversion. A key focus is the impact of RNA-guided pseudouridylation of U2 small nuclear RNA on pre-mRNA splicing, encompassing its influence on branch site recognition and spliceosome assembly. Additionally, the review discusses the emerging role of RNA-guided pseudouridylation in regulating PTC readthrough, impacting translation termination and genetic disorders. Finally, it explores the therapeutic potential of pseudouridine modifications, offering insights into potential treatments for genetic diseases and cancer and the development of mRNA vaccine.
Detecting the edges of galaxies with deep learning
Authors: Fernández-Iglesias Jesús , Buitrago Fernando , Sahelices Benjamín
Published: January 2024

Galaxy edges or truncations are low-surface-brightness (LSB) features located in the galaxy outskirts that delimit the distance up to where the gas density enables efficient star formation. As such, they could be interpreted as a non-arbitrary means to determine the galaxy size and this is also reinforced by the smaller scatter in the galaxy mass-size relation when comparing them with other size proxies. However, there are several problems attached to this novel metric, namely, the access to deep imaging and the need to contrast the surface brightness, color, and mass profiles to derive the edge position. While the first hurdle is already overcome by new ultra-deep galaxy observations, we hereby propose the use of machine learning (ML) algorithms to determine the position of these features for very large datasets. We compare the semantic segmentation by our deep learning (DL) models with the results obtained by humans for HST observations of a sample of 1052 massive (Mstellar> 1010M⊙) galaxies atz <1. In addition, the concept of astronomic augmentations is introduced to endow the inputs of the networks with a physical meaning. Our findings suggest that similar performances than humans could be routinely achieved, although in the majority of cases, the best results are obtained by combining (with a pixel-by-pixel democratic vote) the output of several neural networks using ensemble learning. Additionally, we find that using edge-aware loss functions allows for the networks to focus their optimization on the galaxy boundaries and, therefore, to provide estimates that are much more sensitive to the presence of neighboring bodies that may affect the shape of the truncation. The experiments reveal a great similarity between the semantic segmentation performed by the AI compared to the human model. For the best model, an average dice of 0.8969 is achieved, while an average dice of 0.9104 is reached by the best ensemble, where the dice coefficient represents the harmonic mean between the precision and the recall. This methodology will be profusely used in future datasets, such as that ofEuclid,to derive scaling relations that are expected to closely follow the galaxy mass assembly. We also offer to the community our DL algorithms in the author's github repository.
Irradiation induced mineral changes of NWA10580 meteorite determined by infrared analysis
Authors: Gyollai I. , Biri S. , Juhász Z. , Király Cs. , Pál B. D. , Rácz R. , Rezes D. , Sulik B. , Szabó M. , Szalai Z. , Szávai P. , Szklenár T. , Kereszturi Á.
Published: January 2024

Context. Identifying minerals on asteroid surfaces is difficult as space weathering modifies the minerals’ infrared spectra. This should be better understood for proper interpretation.

Aims. We simulated the space weathering effects on a meteorite and recorded the alterations of the crystalline structure, such as the change in peak positions and full width at half maximum values.

Methods. We used proton irradiation to simulate the effects of solar wind on a sample of NWA 10580 CO3 chondrite meteorites. After irradiation in three gradually increased steps with 1 keV ion energy, we used infrared microscopic reflectance and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to identify and understand the consequences of irradiation.

Results. We find negative peak shifts after the first and second irradiations at pyroxene and feldspar minerals, similarly to the literature, and this shift was attributed to Mg loss. However, after the third irradiation a positive change in values in wavenumber emerged for silicates, which could come from the distortion of SiO4 tetrahedra, resembling shock deformation. The full width at half maximum values of major bands show a positive (increasing) trend after irradiations in the case of feldspars, using IR reflection measurements. Comparing DRIFTS and reflection infrared data, the peak positions of major mineral bands were at similar wavenumbers, but differences can be observed in minor bands.

Conclusions. We measured the spectral changes of meteorite minerals after high doses of proton irradiation for several minerals. We show the first of these measurements for feldspars; previous works only presented pyroxene, olivine, and phyllosilicates.
Galactic archaeology with [Mg/Mn] versus [Al/Fe] abundance ratios
Authors: Vasini A. , Spitoni E. , Matteucci F.
Published: January 2024

Context. The diagram depicting the abundance ratios [Mg/Mn] versus [Al/Fe] has gained significant attention in recent literature as a valuable tool for exploring fundamental aspects of the evolution of the Milky Way (MW) and the nearby dwarf galaxies. In particular, this combination of elements is supposed to be highly sensitive to the history of star formation, unveiled by the imprints left on those abundances. Unfortunately, a complete discussion on the uncertainties associated with these nuclei is still missing, making it difficult to know how reliable the associated results are.

Aims. In this work, we aim to analyse, by means of detailed chemical evolution models, the uncertainties related to the nucleosynthesis of Mg, Al, Mn, and Fe to show how different yield prescriptions can substantially affect the trends in the [Mg/Mn] versus [Al/Fe] plane. In fact, if different nucleosynthesis assumptions produce conflicting results, then the [Mg/Mn] versus [Al/Fe] diagram does not represent a strong diagnostic for the star formation history (SFH) of a galaxy.

Methods. We discuss the results on the [Mg/Mn] versus [Al/Fe] diagram, as predicted by several MW and Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) chemical evolution models adopting different nucleosynthesis prescriptions.

Results. The results show that the literature nucleosynthesis prescriptions require some corrective factors to reproduce the APOGEE DR17 abundances of Mg, Al, and Mn in the MW and that the same factors can also improve the results for the LMC. In particular, we show that by modifying the massive star yields of Mg and Al, the behaviour of the [Mg/Mn] versus [Al/Fe] plot changes substantially.

Conclusions. In conclusion, by changing the chemical yields within their error bars, one obtains trends that differ significantly, making it very difficult to draw any reliable conclusion on the SFH of galaxies. The proposed diagram is therefore very uncertain from a theoretical point of view, and it could represent a good diagnostic for star formation, only if the uncertainties on the nucleosynthesis of the above-mentioned elements (Mg, Mn, Al, and Fe) could be reduced by future stellar calculations.
Looking for a needle in a haystack: Measuring the length of a stellar bar
Authors: Ghosh Soumavo , Di Matteo Paola
Published: January 2024

One of the challenges related to stellar bars is to accurately determine the length of the bar in a disc galaxy. In the literature, a wide variety of methods have been employed to measure the extent of a bar. However, a systematic study on determining the robustness and accuracy of different bar length estimators is still beyond our grasp. Here, we investigate the accuracy and the correlation (if any) between different bar length measurement methods while using an N-body model of a barred galaxy, where the bar evolves self-consistently in the presence of a live dark matter halo. We investigate the temporal evolution of the bar length, using different estimators (involving isophotal analysis of de-projected surface brightness distribution and Fourier decomposition of surface density), and we study their robustness and accuracy. We made further attempts to determine correlations among any two of these bar length estimators used here. In the presence of spirals, the bar length estimators that only consider the amplitudes of different Fourier moments (and do not take into account the phase-angle of m = 2 Fourier moment) systematically overestimate the length of the bar. The strength of dark-gaps (produced by bars) is strongly correlated with the bar length in early rapid growth phase and is only weakly anti-correlated during subsequent quiescent phase of bar evolution. However, the location of dark-gaps is only weakly correlated to the bar length, hence, this information cannot be used as a robust proxy for determining the bar length. In addition, the bar length estimators, obtained using isophotal analysis of de-projected surface brightness distribution, systematically overestimate the bar length. The implications of bar length over(under)estimation in the context of determining fast and slow bars are further discussed in this work.
Streaming instability in neutron star magnetospheres: No indication of soliton-like waves
Authors: Benáček Jan , Muñoz Patricio A. , Büchner Jörg , Jessner Axel
Published: January 2024

Context. Coherent radiation of pulsars, magnetars, and fast radio bursts could, in theory, be interpreted as radiation from solitons and soliton-like waves. Solitons are meant to contain a large number of electric charges confined on long timescales and can radiate strongly via coherent curvature emission. However, solitons are also known to undergo a wave collapse, which casts doubts on the correctness of the soliton radio emission models of neutron stars.

Aims. We investigated the evolution of the caviton type of solitons self-consistently formed by the relativistic streaming instability and compared their apparent stability in 1D calculations with more generic 2D cases, in which the solitons are seen to collapse. Three representative cases of beam Lorentz factors and plasma temperatures were studied to obtain soliton dispersion properties.

Methods. We utilized 1D electrostatic and 2D electromagnetic relativistic particle-in-cell simulations at kinetic microscales.

Results. We find that no solitons are generated by the streaming instability in the 2D simulations. Only superluminal L-mode (relativistic Langmuir) waves are produced during the saturation of the instability, but these waves have smaller amplitudes than the waves in the 1D simulations. The amplitudes tend to decrease after the instability has saturated, and only waves close to the light line, ω = ck, remain. Solitons in the 1D approach are stable for γb ≳ 60, but they disappear for low beam Lorentz factors, γb < 6.

Conclusions. Our examples show that the superluminal soliton branch that is formed in 1D simulations will not be generated by the relativistic streaming instability when more dimensional degrees of freedom are present. The soliton model cannot, therefore, be used to explain the coherent radiation of pulsars, magnetars, and fast radio bursts – unless one can show that there are alternative plasma mechanisms for the soliton generation.
ViCTORIA project: The LOFAR view of environmental effects in Virgo cluster star-forming galaxies
Authors: Edler H. W. , Roberts I. D. , Boselli A. , de Gasperin F. , Heesen V. , Brüggen M. , Ignesti A. , Gajović L.
Published: January 2024

Context. Environmental effects such as ram pressure stripping (RPS) shape the evolution of galaxies in dense regions.

Aims. We used the nearby Virgo cluster as a laboratory to study the environmental effects on the nonthermal components of star-forming galaxies.

Methods. We constructed a sample of 17 RPS galaxies in the Virgo cluster and a statistical control sample of 119 nearby galaxies from the Herschel Reference Survey. All objects in these samples were detected in LOFAR 144 MHz observations and come with Hα and/or far-UV star formation rate (SFR) estimates.

Results. We derived the radio–SFR relations, confirming a clearly super-linear slope of ≈1.4. We found that Virgo cluster RPS galaxies have radio luminosities that are a factor of 2−3 larger than galaxies in our control sample. We also investigated the total mass-spectral index relation, where we found a relation for the Virgo cluster RPS galaxies that is shifted to steeper spectral index values by 0.17 ± 0.06. Analyzing the spatially resolved ratio between the observed and the expected radio emission based on the hybrid near-UV + 100 μm SFR surface density, we generally observed excess radio emission all across the disk with the exception of a few leading-edge radio-deficient regions.

Conclusions. The radio excess and the spectral steepening for the RPS sample could be explained by an increased magnetic field strength if the disk-wide radio enhancement is due to projection effects. For the galaxies that show the strongest radio excesses (NGC 4330, NGC 4396 and NGC 4522), a rapid decline in the SFR (tquench ≤ 100 Myr) could be an alternative explanation. We disfavor shock acceleration of electrons as a cause for the radio excess since it cannot easily explain the spectral steepening and radio morphology.
New KiDS in town
Authors: Gatto Massimiliano , Bellazzini Michele , Tortora Crescenzo , Ripepi Vincenzo , Dall’Ora Massimo , Cignoni Michele , Kuijken Konrad , Hildebrandt Hendrik , Zhang Shiyang , de Jong Jelte , Napolitano Nicola R. , Smith Simon E. T.
Published: January 2024

We report the discovery of a significant and compact over-density of old and metal-poor stars in the fourth data release of the KiDS survey (DR4). The discovery is confirmed by deeper HSC-SSP data revealing the old main sequence turn-off of a stellar system located at a distance from the sun of
D⊙
= 145-13+14
kpc in the direction of the Sextans constellation. The system has an absolute integrated magnitude (MV = −3.9 ± 0.4), half-light radius
(rh = 193-46+61 pc), and ellipticity
(e = 0.46-0.15+0.11) values that are typical of ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs). The central surface brightness is near the lower limits of known local dwarf galaxies of a similar integrated luminosity, as expected for stellar systems that have escaped detection until now. The distance of the newly found system suggests that it is likely to be a satellite of our own Milky Way and we have thus tentatively named it Sextans II (KiDS-UFD-1).
Stability of solid-state formamide under Lyα irradiation
Authors: Suhasaria T. , Henning Th. , Mennella V.
Published: January 2024

Context. Formamide (NH2CHO) plays a pivotal role as a crucial precursor to various prebiotic molecules, including sugars and nucleobases. To gain a deeper understanding of the chemical processes involving formamide formation in astrophysical settings, it becomes imperative to refine our comprehension through astrochemical models. These models necessitate not only the inclusion of pathways for formamide formation across diverse environments, but also the elucidation of mechanisms that lead to its degradation.

Aims. The primary objective of this study is to scrutinize the influence of the underlying amorphous silicate substrate and the phase of formamide ice on the kinetics of its destruction and the resulting products upon exposure to Lyα (121.6 nm) radiation at 16 K.

Methods. To achieve this, we conducted an examination of the photodestruction of NH2CHO ice, employing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Results. Our findings reveal that, while the destruction rates of amorphous formamide ice remain consistent, regardless of the presence of an underlying amorphous olivine substrate, this substrate effectively reduces the formation of NH3, HNCO, and HCN within the ice following UV irradiation. On the other hand, contrary to common knowledge, crystalline formamide ice exhibits a considerably faster destruction rate, by an order of magnitude, than its amorphous counterpart under photo processing.

Conclusions. In the interstellar medium, molecular ices often undergo phase changes depending on the environmental conditions. Our results indicate that crystalline formamide ice is more susceptible to rapid destruction than its amorphous counterpart, rendering it more elusive for detection within the lifetime of dense interstellar clouds. Furthermore, our findings emphasise the crucial significance of accounting for the influence of underlying dust grain surfaces in astrochemical models, as they have an effect on product formation during the degradation of molecular ices.
Milliarcsecond-scale radio structure of the most distant BL Lac object candidate at redshift 6.57
Authors: Frey S. , Zhang Y. , Perger K. , An T. , Gabányi K. É. , Gurvits L. I. , Hwang C.-Y. , Koptelova E. , Paragi Z. , Fogasy J.
Published: January 2024

Context. The existence of accreting supermassive black holes of up to billions of solar masses at early cosmological epochs (in the context of this work, redshifts z ≳ 6) requires very fast growth rates that are challenging to explain. The presence of a relativistic jet can be a direct indication of activity and accretion status in active galactic nuclei (AGN), constraining the radiative properties of these extreme objects. However, known jetted AGN beyond z ∼ 6 are still very rare.

Aims. The radio-emitting AGN J2331+1129 has recently been claimed as a candidate BL Lac object at redshift z = 6.57 based on its synchrotron-dominated emission spectrum and a lack of ultraviolet or optical emission lines. It is a promising candidate for the highest-redshift blazar known to date. The aim of the observations described here is to support or refute the blazar classification of this peculiar source.

Methods. We performed high-resolution radio interferometric imaging observations of J2331+1129 using the Very Long Baseline Array at 1.6 and 4.9 GHz in February 2022.

Results. The images reveal a compact but slightly resolved, flat-spectrum core feature at both frequencies, indicating that the total radio emission is produced by a compact jet and originates from within a central region of ∼10 pc in diameter. While these details are consistent with the radio properties of a BL Lac object, the inferred brightness temperatures are at least an order of magnitude lower than expected for a Doppler-boosted radio jet, which casts doubt on the high-redshift BL Lac identification.
Cotton irrigation regime under the mole irrigation method in the south of Russia
Authors: Khodiakov Yevgeniy Alexeyevich , Petrov Yuriy Nikolaevich , Milovanov Sergey Gennadievich , Bondarenko Kirill Vladimirovich
Published: January 2024

Studies on developing optimal soil water regimes under mole irrigation of cotton compared with sprinkling and drip irrigation were conducted in 2023 on light-chestnut soils of southern Russia. As a result, it was found that under mole irrigation, with increasing the pre-watering threshold of soil moisture from 70-70-65 to 80-80-75 % of the lowest water holding capacity (LWC) irrigation rates decreased from 250...290 to 170...210 m3/ha and the number of irrigations and irrigation rate increased from 4 to 7 units and from 1040 to 1270 m3/ha. A comparison of irrigation methods showed that under mole irrigation, in comparison with drip irrigation, irrigation rates increased by 7.4. 13.3 %, and the number of irrigations per season and irrigation rate decreased by 1...2 units and 11.2...12.6 %, respectively. Compared to sprinkling, irrigation rates and total amount of water decreased by 45.2...46.3 and 28.8...34.5 %, respectively, and the number of irrigations increased by 1 unit. It was also found that maintaining a moisture availability level of 75-75-70 % LWC created optimal conditions in cotton crops, which, combined with mineral fertilizer application with doses N140P60K45, allowed the highest cotton yield under mole irrigation of 3.18 t/ha. When sprinkling on a similar option, it decreased by 0.21 t/ha, and at drip irrigation, it increased by 0.13 t/ha.
Meat productivity and interior features of fat-tailed coarse wool lambs in the south-east of Kazakhstan
Authors: Ataybekov Bakyt Yntykbaevich , Prmanshaev Mamai , Chortonbaev Tyrgoot Dzhumadievich , Bekturov Amantur , Shergaziev Uran Adievich
Published: January 2024

Increased lamb production in the South-Eastern region of Kazakhstan confirms the economic feasibility of processing young sheep from 7 to 12 months. Unfortunately, domestic literature offers little information on the selection and appropriate use of 4-month-old lambs for this purpose; this accounts for the relevance and both scientific and practical significance of research aimed at increasing the meat productivity of 4-month-old lambs (depending on breed) in the semi-desert zone of the South-Eastern region of Kazakhstan, based on technological developments. The object of the study was lambs of fat-tailed coarse wool breeds: Edilbay, Hissar and Kazakh fat-tailed breeds. The animals were 4 months old and kept from birth in one flock at the Yntykbay farm in Almaty region. Among the three studied breeds, Gissar stands out in terms of carcass weight, slaughter weight, and specific gravity of the meat and carcass. High-quality carcasses were obtained from all groups; the Hissar breed had the yield of 17.5 kg (carcass yield was 78.3%).
Design of a dry specialized dairy product and study of its physiology effect on the body
Authors: Ivkova Irina Alexandrovna , Zubareva Ekaterina Alexandrovna , Yakushkin Igor Viktorovich , Nadtochiy Anastasia Yurievna , Konovalov Sergey Alexandrovich
Published: January 2024

This article is devoted to the development of a dry specialized dairy product. This specialized dairy product will be made from organic raw materials. There are also some descriptions about effects of the ingredients on the human and animal physiology. The developed product must have the following requirements: it belongs to the group of organic products, i.e., produced from organic raw materials; have increased nutritional value, resistance to long-term storage, good transportability, high organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators, meet other quality and safety indicators. The product is made with the innovative technology based on powdered milk and high–fat cream has such requirements. Those facilitate of increased nutritional value and storage capacity. The product is produced by the gentlest method the freeze-drying method. This method of production can be used when you need to preserve all the useful and native properties of the finished product. The specialized product of a dry creamy vegetable spread with high nutritional value and long-term storage (up to 24 months) and its technology will be obtained. The results of the research were carried out at the of the Omsk State Agrarian University and the Omsk Region Budgetary Institution “Omsk Regional Veterinary Laboratory”.
Polysaccharides as food system stabilizers
Authors: Anatolyevna Pogorelova Natalia , Anatolyevna Sarnitskaya Natalya
Published: January 2024

From the point of view of the modern healthy nutrition concept, dietary fiber (DF) occupies a leading position among functional ingredients. Expanding the range of food products with the help of DF can strengthen public health and human immune response. Insoluble natural polysaccharides (which make up the main group of polysaccharides) serve as an alternative to surfactants as stabilizers for food emulsions. The quality of ready-to-use food products such as ketchups and mayonnaises deteriorates during long-term refrigeration due to changes in physical and chemical properties. The present research aims to justify the use of disaggregated bacterial cellulose (BC) as a food system stabilizer for mayonnaise sauces and tomato ketchups. It is a unique structurizer of food systems due to its properties: high water-retaining and lipid-binding capacity, fibrillar structure, and lack of toxicity, hence the commercial interest in it as a food additive and functional ingredient. Using scanning probe microscopy, the sizes of BC fibrils were determined: length > 10 μm, width 100-150 nm. Physicochemical parameters of mayonnaise sauce and ketchup samples containing BC were analyzed and compared. The impact the amount of BC has on the organoleptic characteristics of ketchup and mayonnaise was determined.
Hemixerophilic forests in the caucasus
Authors: Litvinskaya Svetlana A.
Published: January 2024

Hemixerophilic vegetation of the lower mountain belt belongs to the class Quercetea pubescenti-petraeae Jakucs (1960) 1961, order Orno-Cotinetalia Jakucs (1960) 1961. Hemixerophilic forests in the Caucasus are represented by two types: Oak hemixerophylic forests from Quercus pubescens Wiild. and forest from Carpinus orientalis Mill. The forests of Quercus pubescens are confined to the Sub-Mediterranean, where they are known under the name “shiblyak.” The northern boundary of the species spreads across Northern France, southern Belgium and Germany, where it grows in the forests of the Atlantic Europe on carbonate soils. Further, the border goes along the southern Carpathians (Romania) and Podillia to the Crimea and the Caucasus in the east. Fluffy forests are a link between evergreen Mediterranean forests and Central European deciduous deciduous forests. Quercus pubescens is a derivative of the tertiary flora that developed in the drier and warmer climate of low mountains in the Mediterranean region bordering on Central Europe..
Investigation of stability and disinfecting efficacy of disinfectant solutions for using in veterinary
Authors: Shcherbakova Gulizar Shakhbanovna , Gruznov Dmitry Vyacheslavovich , Gruznova Olga Aleksandrovna , Popov Nikolay Ivanovich , Pirozhikhin Viktor Andreevich
Published: January 2024

The stability of work solutions of domestic disinfectants “STEROX vet” and “Biolok” of different concentrations (0.1%, 0.5% and 1%) was examined by electronic absorption spectroscopy. The study was conducted between July and September 2023. When stored according to manufacturer requirements, the changes in the content of the work solution components were found to be directly dependent on the dilution degree. At a concentration of 1.0%, the level of active substance (N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)-dodecylamine) remained virtually unchanged. Based on the data obtained, it is recommended to prepare work solutions of lower concentrations immediately before using. In addition, effective disinfection modes and efficacious concentrations for these products were determined in relation to sanitary-indicative microorganisms of different resistance groups to the chemical disinfectants.
State geodetic network Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Sharsheev Ermek Sabyrovich , Belek uulu Esenbek , Konurbaeva Gulzat Ularbekovna , Zhumabekova Aigerim Zhumabekovna , Toktaliev Baktybai Zhanybekovich
Published: January 2024

This article describes the creation and development of GPS networks on the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic. The state geodetic GPS network consists of three levels: 0-order GPS network, 1st order GPS network and 2nd order GPS network. GPS points are combined with GGS points (State Geodetic Network). The adjusted coordinates of GPS points are obtained in the ITRF system for the epoch of 2005 (ITRF 2005).
Mycological and toxicological analysis of soil under the influence of crop cultivation technologies
Authors: Chebykina Elena Vladimirovna , Kolesnikova Irina Yakovlevna , Kotyak Polina Alekseevna , Ivanova Marina Yurievna
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the research is to study the influence of various crop cultivation technologies on the structure of micromycete complexes and the level of microbial soil toxicosis. Extensive, organic and intensive crop cultivation technologiesin a six-field crop rotation on soddy-podzolic gleyic soil for 2021–2022 have been studied. To study the structure of the micromycete complex the deep seeding method, the spatial occurrence index of species, the Syorensen-Chekanovsky similarity coefficient and the significance indexwere used. To determine the microbial toxicosis, the method of the initiated microbial community according to V.S. Guzev was used. According to the results of the experiments, fungi from the departments of Zygomycota and Ascomycota were discovered, in 2021 – 10 species, in 2022 – 16 species. In 2022, the largest number of micromycetes was recorded under cereals with extensive and intensive technologies, in 2021, a high number of fungi was recorded in variants with annual and perennial grasses using the same technologies. The greatest manifestation of microbial toxicosis was noted in 2021: the germinating ability of test crop seeds on control variants –76.67-92.67%, when initiating a microbial community – 44.67-76.67%. The cultivation of grain crops by extensive and intensive technologies contributed to the greater manifestation of soil microbial toxicosis.
Improvement of classification and typification of operational conditions of wheeled vehicles in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Bolotov Erkinbai Almanbetovich , Kurmanov Ulan , Zhusupbekov Bakytbek Tolobekovich , Temirbekov Zheenbek , Tezekbaev Tilek Suranchievich , Akmatova Rima , Ryskulova Damira
Published: January 2024

This article considers the issues of classification and typification of operating conditions of wheeled vehicles in the Kyrgyz Republic. The analysis of existing classification and typification of operating conditions by terrain and ambient air temperature is carried out. New information coding of administrative divisions of the Kyrgyz Republic with implementation of QR-coding has been introduced. And also the questions on improvement of the methodology of classification and typification of operational conditions of wheeled vehicles in the Kyrgyz Republic by the above-mentioned indicators are considered.
Transport connectivity of the organic production zone at the regional level
Authors: Aleschenko Vitaly , Aleschenko Olga , Maksimovich Kirill , Petrov Yuri
Published: January 2024

The paper presents an assessment of the development prospects and transport accessibility of organic production zones in the regions of Siberia based on data from state information systems of the Russian Federation and open information systems of commercial digital aggregators. The assessment was carried out with the use of technologies and analytics of the ArcGIS 10.6 program. The Novosibirsk, Omsk, Barnaul, and Tomsk agglomerations have concentrated clusters of investment projects for the processing of agricultural products. The eastern part of the macrozone is characterized by more focal investment activity, the largest of which is the eastern agglomeration of Krasnoyarsk. Investment projects in Kuzbass and the Irkutsk region are dispersed along the main transport routes. The republics of Altai and Tyva and the northern municipalities of the Tomsk and Irkutsk regions remain on the periphery of active transport contacts. Inside the highway part of the region there are areas of low efficiency in the use of transport potential, which makes it possible to increase the investment attractiveness of individual agricultural locations based on a combination of interspecies interaction.
Transport as a key factor in developing Russian-Chinese border regions
Authors: Kulapova Antonina
Published: January 2024

The study presents an analysis of the current state of Sino-Russian cooperation in the field of transport and its effects on the bordering regions. Russia’s Far East and China’s North-East regions both struggle to undergo a socio-economic transformation to overcome depopulation and a peripheral position in their countries. Сross-border cooperation, first of all in the field of transportation, is viewed as a factor of growth, able to foster economic development. This article examines such aspects as the increased focus of Russian central government on the eastern regions and their integration into the expanding Asia-Pacific region, reflected in state programs for the development of the Far East, as well as PRC’s intentions to revitalize old industrial North-East and construct both continental route to Central Asia Europe (as part of the Road and Belt Initiative) and maritime route to other Pacific countries and to provide more efficient connection between northern and southern provinces. Conclusions about the necessity of elaborating efficient strategies and scheduled fulfillment of the projects are presented, as these prove to be the key elements to avoid losing mutual interest in cooperation between the neighboring countries and to bring crucial changes to the bordering regions of the two countries.
Methodological approach to determining the area of air recycling on metro lines with double track tunnels
Authors: Zhikharev Sergey
Published: January 2024

The article discusses the issues of operating existing metro lines with double-track tunnels. Significant differences between average annual, average monthly and extreme values of outdoor air temperature affecting the thermodynamic and thermophysical parameters of the mine atmosphere of subway tunnels, both in Russia and abroad, are analyzed. The results of a comprehensive analysis of the conditions that determine the temperature regime of the lines of double-track tunnels are presented. Air recirculation in the tunnels has been determined considering climatic conditions. Engineering and technical calculations have been carried out in metro tunnels when the seasonal periods of their operation change. Each of these periods is characterized by its own temperature, for example, for the winter period these are: average winter temperatures, temperatures of the coldest month, the coldest five-day period. The obtained results of the research work will make it possible to select the amount of air for each specific variant of the year, which will ensure, during the operation of this kind of metro lines, the standard thermodynamic parameters of the air environment, both in underground stations and in metro tunnels, and possibly lead to a positive economic effect.
Monitoring of the technical condition of structures and building materials of an elevator silo housing
Authors: Sazonova Svetlana , Nikolenko Sergei , Akamsina Nadezhda , Sysoev Dmitry , Stenyukhin Leonid
Published: January 2024

The results of assessing the technical condition of the elevator silo housing, obtained on the basis of a visual instrumental examination using the non-destructive testing method, are considered. Existing defects and damages in the building materials and structures of the building, which adversely affect its performance, were identified. An assessment was made of the state of foundations, walls, floors of the silo and columns installed at the corners of the silo at the height of the silo. The results of the assessment of individual results of the performed instrumental studies of structures and building materials at the object under study are presented. The technical condition of the building as a whole is assessed as a limited operational technical condition. The phase of the period of operation of the building was determined. Recommendations have been developed to ensure the safe operation of the building under study. It has been established that it is necessary to strengthen the structural elements of the building for further safety during the operation of the elevator. It is proposed to introduce the necessary measures to improve the reliability and strength properties of individual structural elements after a period of their long-term operation.
New working equipment of PXP 2.0 high-performance railway train
Authors: Ilinykh Andrey , Vorontsov Denis , Miloradovich Vladimir
Published: January 2024

The article presents design and technical solutions for the new working equipment of the high-performance rail grinding train PXP 2.0 for the implementation of high-speed rail grinding technology in railway conditions. A description of the design of grinding carts is given, including the drive of the grinding wheels and the mechanism for setting the angle of attack of the grinding wheel. In addition, the article discusses the conditions for moving working equipment along a rail track at high speeds. The presented solutions make it possible to carry out rail grinding work at speeds of up to 30 km/h without reducing the amount of metal removal, which ensures an increase in work productivity by more than 3 times compared to existing analogues of rail grinding trains.
Improving environmental efficiency of gas purification by low-temperature treatment
Authors: Babin Vladimir V. , Romanenko Maxim Yu. , Serebrennikov Yuri E. , Chernetsov Vladimir V. , Dadashov Gurban H.
Published: January 2024

This paper discusses low-temperature gas purification to improve environmental efficiency. Modern methods of gas cooling are also considered. A mathematical model is proposed for changing the parameters of an ideal gas when flowing through an opening - a Laval nozzle. A graph of the temperature of the gas at the outlet of the Laval nozzle is plotted at a different pressure ratio at the inlet and outlet of the nozzle. The conclusion was made based on the obtained values.
Approximation method for the potential composition of petroleum fractions
Authors: Tugashova Larisa , Bazhenov Ruslan , Beknazarova Saida , Chuyko Olga , Dimitriev Aleksandr
Published: January 2024

The paper gives a brief review of mathematical models of potential composition of oil fractions. The stages of obtaining approximating dependence of the fractional composition of oil are defined. A multicomponent mixture is represented as a discrete series of narrow hydrocarbon fractions. Each of them is characterized by its average boiling point. The results of approximation obtained for oil of different fields are given. The criterion for choosing dependence is the sum of squared deviations of factored values from experimental (reference) values. The following approximating dependencies of the curve of true boiling points for oil of different deposits are obtained. They are cubic parabola, power function, arctangence, exponentiation function, cubic parabola-arctangence. It is shown that the best results are obtained for combined ‘cubic parabolaarctangent’ model. In case of data deviation on oil fractional composition coming from chemical analytical laboratory coefficients are corrected in TBP approximation. Oil fractional composition awareness is important when choosing the direction of oil refining, in process and simulation modeling, when determining the top performance of processing units.
Methodology for collecting information in the study of vehicle safety
Authors: Solonshchikov Pavel , Kosolapov Evgeny
Published: January 2024

The article proposes a methodology for collecting information about the reliability and safety of the car during its operation. The proposed method allows manufacturers and motor transport enterprises to predict vehicle failures, determines the time period for its approach to current repairs and other types of technical impacts. Recommendations are given for determining reliability indicators, as well as part of the mathematical apparatus for calculating intervals and the probability of failures.
Pump jack balancing control method depending on the load
Authors: Kaverzina Anna S. , Troyakov Konstantin V. , Ivanov Alexey Yu. , Kardash Artem A. , Rybin Vyacheslav V.
Published: January 2024

This article focuses on the method of balancing the pump jack and optimizing its operation. In the course of the work, the main balancing methods were considered and a method based on changing the balancing value by moving the movable carriage was proposed. In the course of the work, a model was developed that made it possible to simulate loads, the results of which determined the effectiveness of the proposed balancing method. Based on the results of the study, a graph of the change in torque when the support is located during the operation of the drive was built. Based on the results of the work, the corresponding conclusion was made.
Application of finite element analysis in the development of the pedal assembly of the Formula Student racing car
Authors: Bobrowskii Alexander V. , Zotov Alexey V. , Bobrowskii Dmitry A. , Gololobov Mikhail P. , Chizhatkina Ekaterina D.
Published: January 2024

The study is focused on presenting an assessment of additive manufacturing usage in modern technological processes, including the manufacturing of parts of the racing car participating in Formula Student project. It shows the necessity of simulating physical processes during the design stage using the finite element analysis. The issues of calculating the strength of pedals of various functional purposes are considered. The boundary conditions imposed on the accelerator pedal are presented. It was found that loads applied with an offset to the edge of the support platform cause higher stresses in the item. The distribution patterns of the safety factor of an accelerator pedal created by additive method from materials: acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyamide Nylon 6/6 and polyamide Nylon 6/6 reinforced with fiberglass are presented. The results of modeling the rigidity of the pedal structure and the maximum stresses arising in it under load are indicated. The results of simulation of the prefabricated structure of the accelerator pedal with an aluminum alloy lever with a pedal plate obtained by additive manufacturing are shown.
Development of an automated system for designing ball screws
Authors: Terekhov Maxim , Sazonova Anna , Filippov Rodion , Leonov Yuri , Sorokin Ilya
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the study is labor saving, productivity gain of work and ball screws quality design pursuant to the use in numerical control machines. The article is devoted to the problem of automation of the designing of ball screws with return ports. These ball screws are an important element of the mechatronic modules of numerically controlled machines, as they affect the accuracy of linear displacement. Research methods: system-oriented analysis, structural analysis, methods of functional and object-matching programming, simulation. The novelty of the work: a method of three-dimensional parametric simulation of nuts of ball screws and a computation algorithm for a ball screw based on the synthesis of well-known techniques, has been developed. Research results: a software product consisting of modules that together automate the design process of nuts, screws, rigid supports, tilting saddles and ball screw coupling elements, has been developed. Conclusions: the developed methods for calculation of basic ball screw parameters can be used as the algorithmic basis of software products. Since the process for designing ball screw nuts with return ports has been automated, there are grounds for developing automation methods for other types of nuts.
An approach to automating the daily performance indicators monitoring of a transport company
Authors: Khalitov Dmitry , Molchanova Elena
Published: January 2024

The article compares the results of applying some statistical criteria to detect suspicious values (gross outliers) in the daily performance indicators of one of the transport companies in the Russian Federation. The criteria applicable to data samples with a normal distribution law are considered. In this connection, a preliminary test of the hypothesis about the correspondence of the distribution of controlled quantities to this law was carried out. It is shown that identifying gross outliers in the values of the indicators under consideration requires the simultaneous application of several statistical criteria.
Optimization of urban agglomeration transport flows
Authors: Sokolov Nikolaj , Shalamova Oksana , Kochergin Victor
Published: January 2024

The article proposes methodological approaches to the study and optimization of traffic flows using simulation modeling by the example of one of the street intersections in the city of Novosibirsk. Possible stages of sequential implementation of analytical and practical measures for optimizing transport flows are given. It is proposed to use the AnyLogic environment as a modeling tool. When creating the simulation model, satellite images of the area were used, inserting an image of the analyzed section of the road network on top of the satellite image, setting objective indicators of traffic intensity, developing and optimizing a vehicle movement algorithm. The results of the study make it possible to assert that AnyLogic environment tools are an adequate way to optimize traffic flows. Optimization measures made it possible, based on adjusting the duration of traffic light control phases, to reduce the average time spent by cars at the intersection by 35% and, thereby, increase the throughput of the intersection by 10%. The use of the proposed approaches to the development of traffic simulation models is a promising direction for optimizing traffic control at urban intersections.