bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aberrant habit formation in the Sapap3-knockout mouse model of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Hadjas Lotfi C. , Lüscher Christian , Simmler Linda D.
Published: August 2019

Motor behavior can be executed deliberately to achieve specific goals. With repetition, such behavior can become habitual and noncontingent on actions-outcomes. The formation of habits is a natural process that can become pathological, such as in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The present study used the Sapap3-knockout (KO) mouse model of OCD to assess habit formation based on reward devaluation. We also tested wildtype mice under different training and food-restriction schedules to assess the extent of natural habit formation. We found that Sapap3-KO mice were insensitive to the devaluation of a sucrose reward under conditions in which wildtype littermates were sensitive to devaluation. Moreover, food restriction favored goal-directed action in wildtype mice, whereas mice that were fed ad libitum were more likely to form habitual behavior but nevertheless maintained partly goal-directed lever-press behavior. In conclusion, only Sapap3-KO mice developed behavior that was fully insensitive to reward devaluation, suggesting that pathological habits in OCD patients are recapitulated in the present Sapap3-KO mouse model. In wildtype mice, the extent of habit formation was influenced by the state of satiety during training and the reinforcement schedule.
Trastuzumab and pertuzumab in circulating tumor DNA ERBB2-amplified HER2-positive refractory cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Yarlagadda Bhavya , Kamatham Vaishnavi , Ritter Ashton , Shahjehan Faisal , Kasi Pashtoon M.
Published: August 2019

Cholangiocarcinoma is a heterogeneous and target-rich disease with differences in actionable targets. Intrahepatic and extrahepatic types of cholangiocarcinoma differ significantly in clinical presentation and underlying genetic aberrations. Research has shown that extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is more likely to be associated with ERBB2 (HER2) genetic aberrations. Various anti-HER2 clinical trials, case reports and other molecular studies show that HER2 is a real target in cholangiocarcinoma; however, anti-HER2 agents are still not approved for routine administration. Here, we show in a metastatic cholangiocarcinoma with ERBB2 amplification identified on liquid biopsy (circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing), a dramatic response to now over 12 months of dual-anti-HER2 therapy. We also summarize the current literature on anti-HER2 therapy for cholangiocarcinoma. This would likely become another treatment option for this target-rich disease.
Microscopic observation of efficient charge transport processes across domain boundaries in donor-acceptor-type conjugated polymers
Authors: Tanaka Hisaaki , Wakamatsu Ayato , Kondo Masahiro , Kawamura Shinya , Kuroda Shin-ichi , Shimoi Yukihiro , Park Won-Tae , Noh Yong-Young , Takenobu Taishi
Published: August 2019

Backbone rigidity of conjugated polymers is suggested to play an essential role in realizing high-mobility transistors through the efficient interconnection of crystalline domains by tie molecules as discussed for the recently-developed donor-acceptor (DA)-type copolymers. However, no studies have directly observed interdomain hopping in these DA copolymers. Here, highly-efficient interdomain charge transport is observed in two typical high-mobility DA copolymers from the microscopic observation of charge carriers using field-induced electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The in-plane ESR signal exhibits a clear motional narrowing effect associated with the carrier motion across the boundaries. The activation energy of the interdomain charge motion is as low as that of intradomain motion (~10 meV), both of which are clearly lower than those observed in the conventional semicrystalline polymer. The structural origin of this efficient interdomain electrical connection is the rigid, nearly torsion-free backbone conformation of the tie molecule, as demonstrated from density functional theory calculations.
Tuning the NIR photoabsorption of CuWO4−x nanodots with oxygen vacancies for CT imaging guided photothermal therapy of tumors
Authors: Wen Mei , Wang Shun , Jiang Ruiqi , Wang Yue , Wang Zhaojie , Yu Wanjian , Geng Peng , Xia Jindong , Li Maoquan , Chen Zhigang
Published: August 2019

NIR photoabsorption of CuWO4−x can be tuned, and the resulting CuWO4−x nanodots can act as efficient all-in-one nanoagent for simultaneous CT/IR imaging and photothermal therapy of tumors.
Unprecedented rock-salt ordering of A and B cations in the double perovskite Nd2−xCaxMgTiO6−δ and defect association
Authors: Teresa Azcondo M. , Boulahya Khalid , Ritter Clemens , García-Alvarado Flaviano , Amador Ulises
Published: August 2019

The partial substitution of up to 5% Nd+3 by Ca+2 results in the oxide Nd1.90Ca0.10MgTiO5.94 that presents some remarkable structural features with a noticeable influence on its properties.
Ba8SrPb24O24Cl18: the first alkali-earth metal lead(ii) oxyhalide with an intriguing multimember-ring layer
Authors: Li Zhuang , Zhang Shengzi , Xing Wenhao , Lin Zheshuai , Yao Jiyong , Wu Yicheng
Published: August 2019

A new oxyhalide Ba8SrPb24O24Cl18 exhibits fascinating multimember-ring layers and intriguing optical properties.
Metal boride better than Pt: HCP Pd2B as a superactive hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst
Authors: Chen Lin , Zhang Ling-Ran , Yao Ling-Yan , Fang Ya-Hui , He Lin , Wei Guang-Feng , Liu Zhi-Pan
Published: August 2019

Record high activity and high stability revealed for hcp Pd2B nanosheets synthesized by a simple solvothermal method.
Lactobacillus acidophilus alleviates type 2 diabetes by regulating hepatic glucose, lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in mice
Authors: Yan Fenfen , Li Na , Shi Jialu , Li Huizhen , Yue Yingxue , Jiao Wenshu , Wang Nana , Song Yue , Huo Guicheng , Li Bailiang
Published: August 2019

Lactobacillus acidophilus alleviates type 2 diabetes induced by a high fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) injection by regulating gut microbiota, hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism in mice.
Non-viral transfection vectors: are hybrid materials the way forward?
Authors: Gigante A. , Li M. , Junghänel S. , Hirschhäuser C. , Knauer S. , Schmuck C.
Published: August 2019

Hybrid vectors are a remarkable strategy to address the current challenges in gene delivery.
Bimetallic Pd96Fe4 nanodendrites embedded in graphitic carbon nanosheets as highly efficient anode electrocatalysts
Authors: Ghosh Srabanti , Bysakh Sandip , Basu Rajendra Nath
Published: August 2019

Bimetallic Pd–Fe nanoalloys with tunable composition immobilized on graphitic carbon by one-pot radiolytic reduction show high electrocatalytic activity for alcohol oxidation.
Three-step-in-one synthesis of supercapacitor MWCNT superparamagnetic magnetite composite material under flow
Authors: Alharbi Thaar M. D. , Al-Antaki Ahmed H. M. , Moussa Mahmoud , Hutchison Wayne D. , Raston Colin L.
Published: August 2019

Composites of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles, Fe3O4@MWCNT, were synthesized in DMF in a vortex fluidic device (VFD).
High performance lithium battery anode materials by coating SiO2 nanowire arrays with PEO
Authors: Li Wen , Feng Xuanxuan , Chen Yan
Published: August 2019

SiO2@PEO nanowire arrays were prepared by a simple method and exhibited excellent electrochemical performance as LIB anode materials.
Double-bond elucidation for arsagermene with a tricoordinate germanium center: a theoretical survey
Authors: Nagurniak Glaucio Régis , Peraça Carina de Souza Teixeira , Orenha Renato Pereira , Parreira Renato Luis Tame , Piotrowski Maurício Jeomar
Published: August 2019

Multiple-bonded heteronuclear combinations have recently received great attention because of the first experimental arsagermene (>GeAs–) synthesis, which is a relevant topic in organometallic chemistry.
Catalyst-free facile synthesis of polycyclic indole/pyrrole substituted-1,2,3-triazoles
Authors: Gour Jitendra , Gatadi Srikanth , Akunuri Ravikumar , Yaddanapudi Madhavi Venkata , Nengroo Mushtaq Ahmad , Datta Dipak , Chopra Sidharth , Nanduri Srinivas
Published: August 2019

A general and catalyst-free access to the fused polycyclic N-heterocycles via an intramolecular azide–alkene cascade reaction under mild reaction conditions has been developed.
Ambient-dried highly flexible copolymer aerogels and their nanocomposites with polypyrrole for thermal insulation, separation, and pressure sensing
Authors: Zu Guoqing , Kanamori Kazuyoshi , Maeno Ayaka , Kaji Hironori , Nakanishi Kazuki , Shen Jun
Published: August 2019

Highly flexible copolymer and copolymer/polypyrrole nanocomposite aerogels have been synthesized via ambient pressure drying for superinsulation, separation and pressure sensing.
Highly convergent modular access to poly-carbon substituted cyclopropanes via Cu(i)-catalyzed three-component cyclopropene carboallylation
Authors: Li Hexin , Zhang Mengru , Mehfooz Haroon , Zhu Dongxia , Zhao Jinbo , Zhang Qian
Published: August 2019

The first conjunctive C–C cross-coupling of cyclopropenes is realized by a Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction with an organoboron reagent and allylic electrophiles, featuring a modular, stereoselective assembly of poly-carbon substituted cyclopropanes.
A renewable tung oil-derived nitrile rubber and its potential use in epoxy-toughening modifiers
Authors: Xiao Laihui , Liu Zengshe , Hu Fangfang , Wang Yigang , Huang Jinrui , Chen Jie , Nie Xiaoan
Published: August 2019

The renewable tung oil-derived nitrile rubber, toughening epoxy resin dramatically, may take the place of traditional petroleum-based epoxy-toughening modifiers.
Characterization of the genome fromGeobacter anodireducens, a strain with enhanced current production in bioelectrochemical systems
Authors: Sun Dan , Wan Xinyuan , Liu Wenzong , Xia Xue , Huang Fangliang , Wang Aijie , Smith Jessica A. , Dang Yan , Holmes Dawn E.
Published: August 2019

Geobacter anodireducensis unique in that it can generate high current densities in bioelectrochemical systems (BES) operating under high salt conditions.
The interactions of human ovarian cancer cells and nanotextured surfaces: cell attachment, viability and apoptosis studies
Authors: Yaşayan Gökçen , Orun Oya , Mega Tiber Pınar , Rožman Veronika , Koçyiğit Sevinç Sevgi
Published: August 2019

Fabrication and characterisation studies of nanotextured polycaprolactone surfaces, and an investigation of their influence on human ovarian carcinoma cells.
Novel cationic tannin/glycosaminoglycan-based polyelectrolyte multilayers promote stem cells adhesion and proliferation
Authors: da Câmara Paulo C. F. , Balaban Rosangela C. , Hedayati Mohammadhasan , Popat Ketul C. , Martins Alessandro F. , Kipper Matt J.
Published: August 2019

Condensed tannin is a biologically derived polycation that can be combined with glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin sulfate and heparin) to prepare polyelectrolyte multilayers that promote stem cell adhesion and proliferation.
Fabrication of NiFe2O4@carbon fiber coated with phytic acid-doped polyaniline composite and its application as an electromagnetic wave absorber
Authors: Feng Ailing , Ma Mingliang , Jia Zirui , Zhang Meng , Wu Guanglei
Published: August 2019

A novel CF@NiFe2O4@p-PANI hybrid was designed. Phytic acid-doped polyaniline was applied in the synthesis of an EM wave absorber. The hybrid exhibits excellent EM wave-absorbing performance.
Study of palladium and boric acid ion co-doped Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode material with high performance
Authors: Zhang Yu
Published: August 2019

A palladium and boric acid ion co-doped Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite was successfully synthesized by a simple method.
The intracellular redox environment modulates the cytotoxic efficacy of single and combination chemotherapy in breast cancer cells using photochemical internalisation
Authors: Adigbli Derick K. , Pye Hayley , Seebaluck Jason , Loizidou Marilena , MacRobert Alexander J.
Published: August 2019

The redox environment modulates photochemical internalization of an entrapped cytotoxic agent. Administration of light depicted by jagged arrow.
How intramolecular coordination bonding (ICB) controls the homolysis of the C–ON bond in alkoxyamines
Authors: Audran Gérard , Bagryanskaya Elena , Bagryanskaya Irina , Edeleva Mariya , Joly Jean-Patrick , Marque Sylvain R. A. , Iurchenkova Anna , Kaletina Polina , Cherkasov Sergey , Hai Tung To , Tretyakov Evgeny , Zhivetyeva Svetlana
Published: August 2019

Because the C–ON bond homolysis rate constant kd is an essential parameter of alkoxyamine reactivity, it is especially important to tune kd without a major alteration of the structure of the molecule.
Teaching energy in living systems to a blind student in an inclusive classroom environment
Authors: Teke Dilek , Sozbilir Mustafa
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to identify the needs of a 10th grade congenitally blind student in an inclusive chemistry classroom and design and develop tactile materials to teach the ‘energy in living systems’ topic with particular emphasis on covering the symbolic language of the chemistry. A single case study design was used to carry out an in-depth and thorough investigation. The student's needs were identified through classroom observations and interviews. Based on the needs identified, 2D and 3D tactile instructional materials were designed and developed to cover the topic. Interview and observation data suggested that following the instructions the student developed an understanding of the concepts regarding the energy in living systems together with the symbolic representations used in chemistry. He showed an understanding of molecular structures when he was asked to recognize the 3D models of the molecular structures. He was able to recognize all of the structures and could respond to questions regarding the parts of these molecular structures. Although the results are limited to one congenitally blind student, there is evidence that a blind student can learn complex molecular structures if he/she was provided with materials which suit his/her needs. The results also suggest evidence of how to produce low cost instructional materials for a blind student in chemistry.
In the quest for a stable triplet state in small polyaromatic hydrocarbons: an in silico tool for rational design and prediction
Authors: Rano Madhumita , Ghosh Sumanta K. , Ghosh Debashree
Published: August 2019

Spin frustration plays a major role in reduction of singlet-triplet gaps and that is leveraged to design small molecules with stable triplet ground states.
How to link theory and experiment for single-chain magnets beyond the Ising model: magnetic properties modeled fromab initiocalculations of molecular fragments
Authors: Böhme Michael , Plass Winfried
Published: August 2019

Properties of 1D periodic magnetic chains can be described on the basis of results fromab initiomulti-reference calculations performed for individual spin centers, which provides a basis for investigations on their dynamic magnetic properties.
Biomedical applications of copper-free click chemistry: in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo
Authors: Kim Eunha , Koo Heebeom
Published: August 2019

Copper-free click chemistry has resulted in a change of paradigm, showing that artificial chemical reactions can occur on cell surfaces, in cell cytosol, or within the body. It has emerged as a valuable tool in biomedical fields.
Noble-metal-free NiFe nanoparticles immobilized on nano CeZrO2solid solutions for highly efficient hydrogen production from hydrous hydrazine
Authors: Zou Hongtao , Yao Qilu , Huang Meiling , Zhu Meihua , Zhang Fei , Lu Zhang-Hui
Published: August 2019

Noble-metal-free NiFe nanoparticles were successfully immobilized on nano CeZrO2solid solutions by a simple impregnation–reduction method, exhibiting a high catalytic activity and 100% H2selectivity for hydrogen generation from hydrazine solution.
Rechargeable aqueous electrolyte batteries: from univalent to multivalent cation chemistry
Authors: Demir-Cakan Rezan , Palacin M. Rosa , Croguennec Laurence
Published: August 2019

Featuring the most recent advances and challenges in aqueous electrolyte metal-ion battery systems and understanding the cell chemistries and different behaviours in aqueous and non-aqueous media.
Fabrication of remote controllable devices with multistage responsiveness based on a NIR light-induced shape memory ionomer containing various bridge ions
Authors: Bai Yongkang , Zhang Jiwen , Wen Didi , Yuan Bo , Gong Peiwei , Liu Jiamei , Chen Xin
Published: August 2019

A novel NIR light responsive shape memory material exhibits excellent light-induced plasticity and light-induced multi-shape memory properties.
Exploration of a photo-redox desalination generator
Authors: Chen Fuming , Karthick R. , Zhang Qi , Wang Jian , Liang Mengjun , Dai Jinhong , Jiang Xiaofang , Jiang Yue
Published: August 2019

A photo-redox catalysis desalination cell demonstrated the dual functions of desalination and photo-electricity energy conversion.
In situ nano Au triggered by a metal boron organic polymer: efficient electrochemical N2 fixation to NH3 under ambient conditions
Authors: Zhao Xue , Yao Chen , Chen Hao , Fu Yunfan , Xiang Changjun , He Suhang , Zhou Xiaohai , Zhang Haibo
Published: August 2019

Utilizing supported Au as a NRR catalyst to achieve both high ammonia yield and ideal faradaic efficiency under ambient conditions.
Chelation-assisted formation of multi-yolk–shell Co4N@carbon nanoboxes for self-discharge-suppressed high-performance Li–SeS2 batteries
Authors: Chen Tao , Kong Weihua , Fan Mengting , Zhang Zewen , Wang Lei , Chen Renpeng , Hu Yi , Ma Jing , Jin Zhong
Published: August 2019

A chelation competition induced polymerization strategy was exploited to prepare multi-yolk–shell Co4N@carbon nanoboxes, greatly enhancing the overall performance of Li–SeS2 batteries.
Ni–Co–O hole transport materials: gap state assisted hole extraction with superior electrical conductivity
Authors: Hou Yu , Tang Li Juan , Qiao Hong Wei , Zhou Zi Ren , Zhong Yu Lin , Zheng Li Rong , Chen Meng Jiong , Yang Shuang , Yang Hua Gui
Published: August 2019

An inorganic NiCoOxhole conductor was developed as an HTM for PSCs. The champion device yielded a PCE of 20.03%.
Self-supporting MOF-derived CoNi@C–Au/TiO2 nanotube array Z-scheme heterocatalysts for plasmon-enhanced high-efficiency full water splitting
Authors: Wang Minmin , Xu Chen , Li Chuanping , Jin Yongdong
Published: August 2019

A self-supported plasmon-enhanced CoNi@C–Au/TiO2 catalyst was fabricated and used for highly efficient electrocatalytic full water splitting.
Mannose-coated polydiacetylene (PDA)-based nanomicelles: synthesis, interaction with concanavalin A and application in the water solubilization and delivery of hydrophobic molecules
Authors: Romero-Ben E. , Mena Barragán T. , García de Dionisio E. , Sánchez-Fernández E. M. , Garcia Fernández J. M. , Guillén-Mancina E. , López-Lázaro M. , Khiar N.
Published: August 2019

A shotgun-like approach allowing the synthesis of photopolymerized glycomicelles with enhanced affinity toward lectins and interesting abilities to solubilize and slowly liberate clinically relevant lipophilic drugs within cancer cells is presented.
A novel red phosphor of BaGe(1−x)TixF6:Mn4+ solid solution: facile hydrothermal controlled synthesis, microstructures and luminescent properties
Authors: Li Qinyu , Luo Ran , Feng Li , Dong Chengli , Ning Zhanglei , Liu Mengjiao , Zhao Yan , Lai Xin , Bi Jian , Gao Daojiang
Published: August 2019

A series of BaGe(1−x)TixF6:Mn4+ solid solution phosphor crystals have been successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The obtained BaGe(1−x)TixF6:Mn4+ can be a promising candidate as the red phosphor used in warm WLEDs.
Hierarchical conformal/non‐conformal domain decomposition method for electrostatic and static magnetic field problems
Authors: Xie Peng , Xu Li , Yin Jun‐hui , Yang Zhong‐hai , Li Bin
Published: August 2019

This Letter presents a hierarchical conformal/non‐conformal (NC) finite element‐based domain decomposition method for solving large‐scale multi‐region electrostatic and static magnetic field problems. In this method, an original electrically large problem is decomposed into several regions based on its geometry, and then each region is meshed and further divided into smaller sub‐domains. As such, the decomposed problem is mesh‐conformal within each region but could be mesh‐NC between two neighbouring regions. To solve such a problem, an advanced transmission condition which was proposed by the authors recently is introduced and then imposed through an interior penalty formulation. Moreover, a type of union meshes is constructed to deal with NC mesh interfaces. Finally, the proposed method is validated with simulation of both 3D electrostatic and static magnetic models.
Event‐driven frequency and voltage stability predictive assessment and unified load shedding
Authors: Singh Ajeet Kumar , Fozdar Manoj
Published: August 2019

A well‐designed scheme is essential for assessment and protection of the stability of power system after an unanticipated event. This paper proposes a strategy for regulating three‐phase faults and other events that endanger frequency or voltage stability of the system. The aim is to promptly identify such events utilizing supervised learning‐based classification modules, and initiate suitable emergency control. The imbalances of active and reactive power after an event have been utilized to predict the stability of system. A new optimization‐based formulation has been presented for estimation of reactive power imbalance. An event predicted as unstable is counteracted by prompt load shedding. Conventionally, load shedding is based on frequency or voltage information independently which reduces the effect of load shedding. This work proposes a new load shedding procedure considering both active and reactive power. The proposed scheme is tested on New England (NE) 39‐bus system and Northern Regional Power Grid (NRPG) 246‐bus system, and results of load shedding have been compared with two existing load shedding schemes. The results indicate the accuracy of classification modules in identifying faults and unstable events, and the proposed load shedding restores stability of the system with less amount of load shed and better voltage profile.
Multi‐functional tunable metasurface for radiation and scattering manipulation
Authors: Zhang Chen , Gao Jun , Cao Xiangyu , Li Si‐Jia , Yang Huanhuan , Li Tong
Published: August 2019

In this study, a novel design of tunable metasurface (MS) is proposed and demonstrated. The MS can realise multiple functions, such as radiation and scattering manipulation. To design MS unit, four varactor diodes are used so that resonant and in‐phase reflection band can be tuned through adjusting diode bias voltage. For the whole MS array, feeding structures are added to realise radiation performance. Meanwhile, adjusting reflection phase of different units can achieve low scattering performance. Measured results agree well with simulations, verifying the validity of the proposed design. This work offers us an effective strategy to design multi‐functional tunable MS and other related practical applications.
UWB‐radar‐based synchronous motion recognition using time‐varying range–Doppler images
Authors: Wang Yichuan , Zhou Jinhai , Tong Jingping , Wu Xiangfei
Published: August 2019

Motion recognition has long been a research topic in the field of ambient assisted living. Radar has a good application value in indoor activity monitoring due to its privacy protection and non‐intrusive. In this study, the authors use an ultra‐wideband (UWB) radar with the centre frequency of 7.25 GHz to receive the reflection signal. Time–frequency analysis is performed on the radar signal to attain the time‐varying range–Doppler images (TRDI) which represent changes in motion characteristics over time. They then use the principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm or a pre‐trained convolutional autoencoder (CAE) to extract features from TRDI. Finally, gated recurrent unit is employed to dynamically model these features and classify different motions. This recognition process can be synchronised with the action flow without having to wait for the motion to complete before starting the classification. The experimental results show that it has an accuracy of 93.06% for the PCA‐based method and 96.80% for the CAE‐based method in recognising eight kinds of indoor motions, reaching or even exceeding the performance of the non‐synchronous algorithms.
Optimal data acquisition in multi‐pass geosynchronous SAR tomography
Authors: Hu Cheng , Zhang Bin , Dong Xichao , Li Yuanhao , Cui Chang
Published: August 2019

Geosynchronous SAR tomography (GEO TomoSAR) techniques exploit multi‐pass SAR acquisitions of the same scene, taken with slightly different view angles, and allow generating fully 3D images. Compared to low earth orbit (LEO) SAR case, GEO SAR has the advantages of shorter revisit time period and wider coverage, which can greatly shorten the data acquisition time, improve the coherence of collected data and effectively improve the 3D imaging accuracy. However, GEO SAR has curved trajectories and un‐parallel repeated trajectories, which introduce the along‐track component of the spatial baseline. The obtained GEO TomoSAR data based on the data acquisition method using in LEO TomoSAR have the significant rotation‐induced decorrelation. Thus, the imaging performance in the elevation is severely degraded. In this paper, we first analyse the feasibility of GEO TomoSAR to achieve 3D imaging. In view of the special issues existing in GEO TomoSAR, we adopt an optimal minimal rotation‐induced decorrelation data acquisition method to obtain repeated trajectories data, which can effectively improve the coherence between the collected data. Then, performance of imaging in elevation was analysed based on the spatial baseline distribution. Finally, the feasibility and validity of GEO TomoSAR techniques are validated through computer simulation.
PACT
Authors: Aghanim N. , Douspis M. , Hurier G. , Crichton D. , Diego J.-M. , Hasselfield M. , Macias-Perez J. , Marriage T. A. , Pointecouteau E. , Remazeilles M. , Soubrié E.
Published: August 2019

We present the optimal reconstruction of the thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (tSZ) effect signal based on the combination of a heterogeneous dataset consisting of Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and Planck data, with different numbers of channels, angular resolutions, and noise levels. We combine both datasets using two different approaches, a matched multifilter (MMF) technique and an optimized internal linear combination (ILC). We show that when applying the MMF to the combination of ACT and Planck data, the size-flux degeneracy is reduced and the signal-to-noise of clusters detected with their Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) signal improves by up to a factor of three. In the case of the optimized ILC method, we show that the tSZ map is reconstructed with a resolution of ∼1.5 arcmin. This is more than a factor two improvement compared with the Planck resolution, and with a very good control of noise, meaning that it is limited only by the intrinsic noise of the individual experiments. The combination of ACT and Planck data offers a unique opportunity to improve on the study of the pressure profiles and to study substructure in clusters through their tSZ.
Therapeutische Optionen bei konnataler Zytomegalievirus
(CMV)-Infektion – Implikationen für die Einführung eines
Screeningprogramms
Authors: Bührer Christoph , Blankenstein Oliver , Rossi Rainer ,   für die Screeningkommission der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kinder-
                        und Jugendmedizin (Mitglieder am Ende des Artikels)
Published: August 2019

Einleitung Seit der bundesweiten Einführung des
Neugeborenen-Screenings auf Phenylketonurie (1968) ist die Liste der
Zielkrankheiten in Deutschland stetig auf mittlerweile 17 (mit
Hörminderung und Hüftgelenksdysplasie) angewachsen (2018). Das
Beispiel des fehlgeschlagenen Neuroblastom-Screenings hat gezeigt, wie durch
Therapie von Erkrankungen, die nur durch ein Screening entdeckt werden, Kinder
zu Schaden kommen können. Für das versuchsweise in verschiedenen
Regionen eingeführte Screening auf konnatale Zytomegalievirus
(CMV)-Infektionen ist derzeit ungeklärt, ob und wie ein auf diese Weise
identifiziertes Kind behandelt werden soll.

Methodik Selektive Suche nach Therapiestudien in PubMed und der
Internationalen Plattform Klinischer Studienregister (ICTRP) der
Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO).

Ergebnisse Bisher liegen lediglich Ergebnisse einer einzigen
randomisierten Studie mit einer nicht behandelten Kontrollgruppe vor
(Intervention: Ganciclovir über 6 Wochen intravenös). In diese
waren nur Kinder mit symptomatischer CMV-Infektion eingeschlossen. Die
Intervention war mit einer signifikanten Reduktion neu auftretender
Hörminderungen assoziiert. Leichte Vorteile einer 6-monatigen
gegenüber einer 6-wöchigen Therapie mit der oral applizierbaren
Ganciclovir-Vorstufe Valganciclovir zeigten sich bezüglich der
neurologischen Entwicklung in einer zweiten, ebenfalls auf Kinder mit
symptomatischer CMV-Infektion beschränkten randomisierten Studie. In
einer Beobachtungsstudie von Kindern mit konnataler CMV-Infektion und isolierter
Hörstörung, die über 12 Monate mit Valganciclovir
behandelt wurden, wiesen 2/3 eine Verbesserung des Hörens auf
(mediane Nachbeobachtungszeit 4½ Jahre).

Schlussfolgerung Aufgrund des fehlenden Wirksamkeitsnachweis wird die
Behandlung von Neugeborenen mit oligosymptomatischer konnataler CMV-Infektion
einschließlich einer isolierten Hörstörung kontrovers
diskutiert. Eine generell akzeptierte Therapieempfehlung ist jedoch eine
notwendige Voraussetzung für ein Screening auf konnatale
CMV-Infektionen.
Overestimation of Risk and Increased Fear of Long-term Complications of Diabetes in People with Type 1 and 2 Diabetes
Authors: Arend Florian , Müller Ulrich A. , Schmitt Andreas , Voigt Margarete , Kuniss Nadine
Published: August 2019

AbstrAct

Objective The quality report of the disease management programmes of North Rhine Westphalia 2016 showed prevalences for long-term complications (neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy) of less than 30% for people with diabetes type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2). The aim of this study was to assess risk expectations and fear regarding long-term complications of diabetes in people with DM1 and DM2.

Methods We assessed risk expectations and fear regarding diabetes complications in people with DM1 (n=110) and DM2 (n=143 without insulin, n=249 with insulin) visiting an University outpatient department of metabolic diseases. Fear of long-term complications was measured with the “Fear of Complications Questionnaire (FCQ)” (range 0–45 points, scores ≥30 suggest elevated fear). Participants were asked to estimate general and personal risks of long-term complications 10 years after developing diabetes in %.

Results Elevated fear of complications (FCQ scores ≥30) was observed in 34.5, 25.9, and 43.0% of those with DM1, DM2 without insulin and DM2 with insulin, respectively. Participants estimated a mean general risk of diabetes-related complications after 10 years amounting to 45.9±15.8% (DM1), 49.7±15.4% (DM2 without insulin), and 52.5±16.4% (DM2 with insulin) and personal risk with 52.5±24.4% (DM1), 45.8±22.7% (DM2 without insulin), and 54.1±23.4% (DM2 with insulin), respectively. Higher risk expectations were associated with higher fear of complications (p<0.001).

Conclusion Risk estimations regarding long-term complications were exaggerated in people with DM1 and DM2. About one third of the participants reported elevated fear of complications. Participants’ risk expectations and fear regarding diabetes complications appear excessive compared to population-based prevalence rates.
Human Factors and Usability for Health Information Technology: Old and New Challenges
Authors: Carayon Pascale , Hoonakker Peter
Published: August 2019

Objectives: Despite national mandates, incentives, and other programs, the design of health information technology (IT) remains problematic and usability problems continue to be reported. This paper reviews recent literature on human factors and usability of health IT, with a specific focus on research aimed at applying human factors methods and principles to improve the actual design of health IT, its use, and associated patient and clinician outcomes.

Methods: We reviewed recent literature on human factors and usability problems of health IT and research on human-centered design of health IT for clinicians and patients.

Results: Studies continue to show usability problems of health IT experienced by multiple groups of health care professionals (e.g., physicians and nurses) as well as patients. Recent research shows that usability is influenced by both designers (e.g., IT vendors) and implementers in health care organizations, and that the application of human-centered design practices needs to be further improved and extended. We welcome emerging research on the design of health IT for teams as team-based care is increasingly implemented throughout health care.

Conclusions: Progress in the application of human factors methods and principles to the design of health IT is occurring, with important information provided on their actual impact on care processes and patient outcomes. Future research should examine the work of health IT designers and implementers, which would help to develop strategies for further embedding human factors engineering in IT design processes.
Essential Considerations for Successful Consumer Health Informatics Solutions
Authors: Wickramasinghe Nilmini
Published: August 2019

Objectives: To present the breadth and depth of Consumer Health Informatics (CHI) initiatives and in particular, identify areas to further enhance such solutions with the incorporation of advances in artificial intelligence (AI).

Methods: A literature review was conducted. Inclusion criteria focused on barriers and facilitators as well as key milestones for CHI over the last 10 years. In addition, significant international initiatives in regions and /or countries and opportunities to incorporate the advances of AI also made up the inclusion criteria. Exclusion criteria included factors that made reach/range of solutions to individuals or groups of individuals less than 50 people. Journals in Medline were accessed as well as the grey literature.

Results: 200 papers were identified but this was narrowed to 25 due to repetitions and similarities of the types of solutions presented. From this, it was possible to identify key barriers and facilitators including: socio-political factors, financial factors, infrastructure, as well as levels of health literacy.

Conclusions: The relatively nascent domain of CHI has developed and is growing. Full benefits will only be realized when more precision solutions that incorporate AI advances will be designed. The example of RxPredict is provided as a case vignette to illustrate.
Recent Advances in Using Natural Language Processing to Address Public Health Research Questions Using Social Media and ConsumerGenerated Data
Authors: Conway Mike , Hu Mengke , Chapman Wendy W.
Published: August 2019

Objective: We present a narrative review of recent work on the utilisation of Natural Language Processing (NLP) for the analysis of social media (including online health communities) specifically for public health applications.

Methods: We conducted a literature review of NLP research that utilised social media or online consumer-generated text for public health applications, focussing on the years 2016 to 2018. Papers were identified in several ways, including PubMed searches and the inspection of recent conference proceedings from the Association of Computational Linguistics (ACL), the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI), and the International AAAI (Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence) Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM). Popular data sources included Twitter, Reddit, various online health communities, and Facebook.

Results: In the recent past, communicable diseases (e.g., influenza, dengue) have been the focus of much social media-based NLP health research. However, mental health and substance use and abuse (including the use of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and opioids) have been the subject of an increasing volume of research in the 2016 - 2018 period. Associated with this trend, the use of lexicon-based methods remains popular given the availability of psychologically validated lexical resources suitable for mental health and substance abuse research. Finally, we found that in the period under review “modern" machine learning methods (i.e. deep neural-network-based methods), while increasing in popularity, remain less widely used than “classical" machine learning methods.
Contributions on Clinical Decision Support from the 2018 Literature
Authors: Koutkias Vassilis , Bouaud Jacques ,   Section Editors for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Decision Support
Published: August 2019

Objectives: To summarize recent research and select the best papers published in 2018 in the field of computerized clinical decision support for the Decision Support section of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) yearbook.

Methods: A literature review was performed by searching two bibliographic databases for papers referring to clinical decision support systems (CDSSs). The aim was to identify a list of candidate best papers from the retrieved bibliographic records, which were then peer-reviewed by external reviewers. A consensus meeting of the IMIA editorial team finally selected the best papers on the basis of all reviews and the section editors' evaluation.

Results: Among 1,148 retrieved articles, 15 best paper candidates were selected, the review of which resulted in the selection of four best papers. The first paper introduces a deep learning model for estimating short-term life expectancy (>3 months) of metastatic cancer patients by analyzing free-text clinical notes in electronic medical records, while maintaining the temporal visit sequence. The second paper takes note that CDSSs become routinely integrated in health information systems and compares statistical anomaly detection models to identify CDSS malfunctions which, if remain unnoticed, may have a negative impact on care delivery. The third paper fairly reports on lessons learnt from the development of an oncology CDSS using artificial intelligence techniques and from its assessment in a large US cancer center. The fourth paper implements a preference learning methodology for detecting inconsistencies in clinical practice guidelines and illustrates the applicability of the proposed methodology to antibiotherapy.

Conclusions: Three of the four best papers rely on data-driven methods, and one builds on a knowledge-based approach. While there is currently a trend for data-driven decision support, the promising results of such approaches still need to be confirmed by the adoption of these systems and their routine use.
Cancer Informatics in 2018: The Mysteries of the Cancer Genome Continue to Unravel, Deep Learning Approaches the Clinic, and Passive Data Collection Demonstrates Utility
Authors: Warner Jeremy L. , Patt Debra ,   Section Editors for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Cancer Informatics
Published: August 2019

Objective: To summarize significant research contributions on cancer informatics published in 2018.

Methods: An extensive search using PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and manual review was conducted to identify the scientific contributions published in 2018 that address topics in cancer informatics. The selection process comprised three steps: (i) 15 candidate best papers were first selected by the two section editors, (ii) external reviewers from internationally renowned research teams reviewed each candidate best paper, and (iii) the final selection of four best papers was conducted by the editorial board of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Yearbook.

Results: The four selected best papers present studies addressing many facets of cancer informatics, with immediate applicability in the translational and clinical domains.

Conclusion: Cancer informatics is a broad and vigorous subfield of biomedical informatics. Progress in cancer genomics, artificial intelligence, and passively collected data is especially notable in 2018.
Artificial Intelligence in Health: New Opportunities, Challenges, and Practical Implications
Authors: Lau Annie Y. S. , Staccini Pascal ,   Section Editors for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Education and Consumer Health Informatics
Published: August 2019

Objectives: To summarise the state of the art during the year 2018 in consumer health informatics and education, with a special emphasis on the special topic of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Yearbook for 2019: “Artificial intelligence in health: new opportunities, challenges, and practical implications”.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search of articles published in PubMed using a predefined set of queries that identified 99 potential articles for review. These articles were screened according to topic relevance and 14 were selected for consideration as best paper candidates. The 14 papers were then presented to a panel of international experts for full paper review and scoring. Three papers that received the highest score were discussed in a consensus meeting and were agreed upon as best papers on artificial intelligence in health for patients and consumers in the year 2018.

Results: Only a small number of 2018 papers reported Artificial Intelligence (AI) research for patients and consumers. No studies were found on AI applications designed specifically for patients or consumers, nor were there studies that elicited patient and consumer input on AI. Currently, the most common use of AI for patients and consumers lies in secondary analysis of social media data (e.g., online discussion forums). In particular, the three best papers shared a common methodology of using data-driven algorithms (such as text mining, topic modelling, Latent Dirichlet allocation modelling), combined with insight-led approaches (e.g., visualisation, qualitative analysis and manual review), to uncover patient and consumer experiences of health and illness in online communities.

Conclusions: While discussion remains active on how AI could 'revolutionise' healthcare delivery, there is a lack of direction and evidence on how AI could actually benefit patients and consumers. Perhaps instead of primarily focusing on data and algorithms, researchers should engage with patients and consumers early in the AI research agenda to ensure we are indeed asking the right questions, and that important use cases and critical contexts are identified together with patients and consumers. Without a clear understanding on why patients and consumers need AI in the first place, or how AI could support individuals with their healthcare needs, it is difficult to imagine the kinds of AI applications that would have meaningful and sustainable impact on individual daily lives.
Systematic Review of Contemporary Evidence for the Management of T1 Renal Cell Carcinoma: What IRs Need to Know for Kidney Cancer Tumor Boards
Authors: Cronan Julie , Dariushnia Sean , Bercu Zachary , Ermentrout Robert Mitchell , Majdalany Bill , Findeiss Laura , Newsome Janice , Kokabi Nima
Published: August 2019

Renal cell carcinoma is a relatively common malignancy, with 60 to 70 thousand cases a year in the United States alone. Increased utilization of cross-sectional imaging has led to an increase in the number of early renal cell cancers seen by the medical establishment. In addition, certain patient populations have an increased risk of developing kidney cancers which may mandate aggressive screening protocols. This article discusses the epidemiology of renal cell cancers; discusses the current management guidelines from multiple specialty societies; discusses some of the surgical and interventional techniques used in the treatment of such lesions; and provides a review of the literature regarding treatments of early-stage renal cell cancers.
Infertility and the Military Male
Authors: Reed-Maldonado Amanda B. , Madden Kristin C.
Published: August 2019

Male infertility is a condition that affects approximately 50% of infertile couples and about 30% of those couples have only male factor infertility identified. There has been speculation that male military service members may have an even greater lifetime prevalence of infertility as compared to the general population, but very few scientific publications focus on male factor infertility in the military population specifically. This review will discuss many of the unique considerations regarding male infertility in the military and highlight future opportunities for research. The military/federal health system has the potential to serve as a leader in both the delivery of health care for male factor infertility and in the clinical investigation into the etiologies of and treatments for male factor infertility.
Trends in Percutaneous Thermal Ablation Therapies in the Treatment of T1a Renal Cell Carcinomas Rather than Partial Nephrectomy/Radical Nephrectomy
Authors: Shakeri Sepideh , Raman Steven S.
Published: August 2019

With the increased incidence of stage T1a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has come the recognition that these lesions tend to be low grade and slow growing, with low probability of metastasis not necessarily requiring surgery. As alternatives to surgery, both active surveillance and ablation have been advocated for the management of selected patients with stage T1a renal cancers due to slow rate of tumor growth and low metastatic potential based on recent epidemiological studies. Thermal ablation also has consistently reported favorable complication and renal preservation rates compared with surgical approaches. However, most studies are single-center case series and meta-analysis of these series and comparative prospective series with long-term follow-up are lacking. The purpose of this article is to review the principal thermal ablation modalities and oncological outcomes for the treatment of stage T1 RCCs with long-term follow-up.
Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Rare Mutation of STXBP2 in Exon 19
Authors: Pournami Femitha , Upadhyay Swati , Nandakumar Anand , Prabhakar Jyothi , Jain Naveen
Published: August 2019

Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHLH) is a fulminant rapidly progressive disorder characterized by uncontrolled immune system activation. Over the last decade, STXBP2 mutations have been reported as causative. We report a baby with typical clinical features and supportive laboratory findings, who had a homozygous missense variation in exon 19 of STXBP2 that results in an amino acid substitution of aspartic acid for glycine. Adding to the currently scant literature on this variation may contribute to the database pool and help to confirm assertion of pathogenicity in FHLH.