bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: ALKOXYDIALKYLAMINOSULFONIUM COMPOUNDS. 1. ALKOXYARYLDIALKYLAMINOSULFONIUM TETRAFLUOROBORATES FROM N,N‐DIALKYLSULFENAMIDES
Authors: HAAKE M. , GEBBING H.
Published: April 2016

Sulfenamide (I) werden mit t‐Butylhypochlorit in Gegenwart von Alkoholen (II) oxidiert und mit Silbertetrafluoroborat als Alkoxy‐phenyl‐aminosulfonium‐tetrafluoroborate (III) in guten Ausbeuten isoliert.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW METHOD OF SYNTHESIZING DIARYL‐SUBSTITUTED CYCLOPROPANES
Authors: GRANDBERG I. I. , YAKUSHCHENKO I. K. , DMITRIEV L. B.
Published: April 2016

Erhitzen der Azine (I) in Gegenwart katalytischer NaH‐Mengen liefert in guten Ausb. Diarylcyclopropane; primär entstehen wahrscheinlich thermisch instabile Pyrazoline.
ChemInform Abstract: AROMATIC FLUORO DERIVATIVES. LXXVIII. PREPARATION AND SOME REACTIONS OF 1,2,3,4‐TETRACHLOROOCTAFLUOROTETRALIN
Authors: KLIMENKO L. S. , KARPOV V. M. , PLATONOV V. E. , YAKOBSON G. G.
Published: April 2016

Erhitzen von Perfluornaphthalin (I) mit PCl5 liefert die Titelverbindung (II) (Gewichtsausb.
ChemInform Abstract: AROMATIC FLUORO DERIVATIVES. LXXIX. REACTION OF 1,2,3,4‐TETRACHLOROOCTAFLUOROTETRALIN WITH NUCLEOPHILIC AGENTS
Authors: KLIMENKO L. S. , KARPOV V. M. , FURIN G. G. , PLATONOV V. E. , YAKOBSON G. G.
Published: April 2016

Bei Reaktionen der Perhalogentetraline (I) mit äquimolaren Mengen von Nukleophilen wie Na‐methylat und Na‐perfluorphenolat entstehen die Monosubstitutionsprodukte (II), die sich zu den Naphthalinen (III) dechlorieren lassen (Gewichtsausb.
ChemInform Abstract: ANTIMALARIALS. 4. TRICHLORONAPHTHALENE AMINO ALCOHOLS
Authors: SHAMBLEE D. A. , GILLESPIE J. S. JUN.
Published: April 2016

Die Carbonsäure (I) wird entsprechend dem Formelschema in die Carbonsäure (VI) umgewandelt, deren Cyclisierung ein Gemisch der Naphthaline (VII) und (VIII) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐INDANPROPIONIC ACIDS: STRUCTURAL LEADS FOR PROSTAGLANDIN F2α ANTAGONIST DEVELOPMENT
Authors: WITIAK D. T. , KAKODKAR S. V. , JOHNSON T. P. , BALDWIN J. R. , RAHWAN R. G.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Indanon (I) erhält man das Michael‐Addukt (III), das in die Carbonsäuren (IV) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF α‐HYDROXYANTHRAQUINONES WITH THIONYL CHLORIDE. PREPARATION OF 1,10‐ANTHRAQUINONE DERIVATIVES
Authors: GORELIK M. V. , TITOVA S. P. , TRDATYAN V. A.
Published: April 2016

Chlorierungen des Dihydroxyanthrachinons (I) mit SOCI, in Gegenwart von Basen wie Triethylamin oder DMF liefern bei hydrolytischer Aufarbeitung der Primärprodukte komplexe Gemische der Anthrachinone (II)‐(IV).
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROATOMIC AZIRIDINE DERIVATIVES. 9. N‐(α‐ORGANYL‐β‐ACYLVINYL)AZIRIDINES AND THEIR REACTIONS WITH MERCAPTO ACIDS
Authors: VORONKOV M. G. , KNUTOV V. I. , CHUDESOVA L. M. , BANNIKOVA O. B.
Published: April 2016

Die Acetylenketone (I) reagieren mit Aziridin (II) zu Gemischen von cis‐ und trans‐Acylvinylaziridinen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 4‐SUBSTITUTED TETRONIC ACIDS: MULTICOLANIC ACID
Authors: FELL S. C. M. , HEAPS J. , HOLKER J. S. E.
Published: April 2016

Die Tetronsäuren (I) reagieren als Enamine (II) und deren Carbanionen mit Methyliodid, Bromessigsäureethylester oder Glyoxylsäurebutylester zu den Verbindungen (III), die mit verd. Mineralsäure zu den substituierten Tetronsäuren (IV) hydrolysiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2‐ALKYLFURANS VIA THE REACTION OF IODINE WITH THE ATE COMPLEXES OBTAINED FROM 2‐FURYLLITHIUM AND TRIALKYLBORANES
Authors: AKIMOTO I. , SUZUKI A.
Published: April 2016

Furane (I) werden mit n‐Butyllithium in Gegenwart von Tetramethylethylendiamin metalliert und mit Trialkylboranen zu Boranat‐Komplexen (II) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF NITROGEN TETROXIDE WITH SUBSTITUTED 2‐VINYLTHIOPHENES
Authors: SITKIN A. I. , KLIMENKO V. I.
Published: April 2016

Vinylthiophen (I) reagiert mit Distickstofftetroxid zum w‐Nitroethylen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: PHASE TRANSFER‐CATALYZED N‐SULFONATION OF INDOLE
Authors: ILLI V. O.
Published: April 2016

Während die Umsetzung von Indol (II) mit p‐ToluolsulfonsäureChlorid in Pyridin zum Dihydropyridin‐Derivat (I) führt, erhält man bei der Sulfonierung im Zweiphasensystem Natronlauge/Benzol in Gegenwart von Tetrabutyl‐ammonium‐hydrogensulfat selektiv l‐sulfonierte Indole (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF THE ANTIOVULATORY ACTIVITY OF A VARIETY OF MELATONIN ANALOGS
Authors: FLAUGH M. E. , CROWELL T. A. , CLEMENS J. A. , SAWYER B. D.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Phenol (I) erhält man über die Verbindungen (II) das Fluorphenol (IIIb), das zusammen mit (IIIa) in die entsprechenden Nitroderivate (IV) umgewandelt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF 1,2‐ETHANEDITHIOL WITH α‐ACETYLENIC KETONES
Authors: ELOKHINA V. N. , KARNAUKHOVA R. V. , NAKHMANOVICH A. S. , KALIKHMAN I. D. , VORONKOV M. G.
Published: April 2016

Durch K2CO3 katalysierte Reaktionen der Acetylene (I) mit dem Dithiol liefern ausschließlich die Dithiolane (II) (1H‐NMR‐Spektren).
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐(5‐ARYL‐2‐OXAZOLYL)PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDES
Authors: KRASOVITSKII B. M. , SHERSHUKOV V. M.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Chlorcarbonylphthalsä ureanhydrid (I) werden über die Amide (III) durch Cyclisierung mit Phosphoroxychlorid die Oxazolylderivate (IV) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐(ALKYLAMINOACYLAMINO) BENZOTHIAZOLES AND 2‐(ALKYLAMINOACYLIMINO)‐3‐METHYL BENZOTHIAZOLINES. SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: COSTAKIS E. , TSATSAS G.
Published: April 2016

Nach bereits bekannten Verfahren werden die Ammoniumsalze (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X) und der Heterocyclus (XI) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF 4‐ETHOXYFLUORANTHENOPYRYLIUM AND FLUORANTHENOPYRONE SALTS
Authors: SHENBOR M. I. , AZAROV A. S.
Published: April 2016

Das 11‐Hydroxy‐12‐acetyl‐fluoranthen (I) und in ähnlicher Weise auch das Isomere (II) werden zu Pyronen und Pyryliumsalzen cyclisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐(INDOLYLMETHYL)‐1,2,3,4‐TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINES AND 1‐BENZYL‐2,3,4,9‐TETRAHYDRO(1H)β‐CARBOLINES PREPARED FROM TRYPTAMINE OR FROM ITS DERIVATIVES
Authors: GAIGNAULT J.‐C. , FRECHET D. , NEDELEC L.
Published: April 2016

Die Umsetzung des Dopamins (I) mit der Indolylessigsäure (II) liefert das Amid (III), das nach Cyclisierung mit Phosphoroxychlorid durch Natriumboranat zum Amin (IV) reduziert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: ACTIONS OF TWO DOPAMINE DERIVATIVES AT ADRENO‐ AND CHOLINOCEPTORS
Authors: RODGER I. W. , HERSOM A. S. , WAIGH R. D.
Published: April 2016

Salsolinol (Ia) wird ausgehend von 3,4‐Dihydro‐6,7‐dimethoxy‐1‐methyl‐isochinolin durch Reduktion mit Natriumborhydrid in Ethanol und anschließende Behandlung mit konz. HBr dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND AMINATION OF 2,4‐DIBROMO‐1,6‐NAPHTHYRIDINE
Authors: CZUBA W. , KOWALSKA T. , KOWALSKI P.
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend vom Ester (I) wird über das Carbethoxyderivat (III) und das Dihydroxyderivat (IV) durch Erwärmen mit POBr3 im geschlossenen Rohr die Titelverbindung (V) dargestellt, die in flüssigem NH3mit KNH2 das Triazanaphthalin (VI), das Aminoderivat (VII) und das Diaminoderivat (VIII) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT ONE‐FLASK SYNTHESIS OF 1‐METHYLAZETIDINES FROM 3‐AMINOALKANOLS, TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE, AND CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
Authors: ORAHOVATS A. S.
Published: April 2016

3‐Methylaminopropanole (I) werden bei der Behandlung mit Triphenylphosphin und Tetrachlorkohlenstoff in Gegenwart von Triethylamin in Acetonitril zu 1‐Methylazetidinen (II) cyclisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: PYRIMIDINES. PART LXXVI. TERT‐BUTYLATION OF QUINAZOLINE
Authors: DE BIE D. A. , NAGEL A. , VAN DER PLAS H. C. , GEURTSEN G. , KOUDIJS A.
Published: April 2016

Chinazolin (I), das mit dem Hydrat (II) im Gleichgewicht steht, liefert (IIIa) sowie das Substitutionsprodukt (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: DEVELOPMENT OF ETHYL 3,4‐DIHYDRO‐4‐OXOPYRIMIDO(4,5‐B)QUINOLINE‐2‐CARBOXYLATE, A NEW PROTOTYPE WITH ORAL ANTIALLERGY ACTIVITY
Authors: ALTHUIS T. H. , MOORE P. F. , HESS H.‐J.
Published: April 2016

Die aus der Carbonsäure (I) oder dem Aldehyd (IV) zugänglichen Carbonsäureamide (III) bzw. (VI) werden zu den Carbonsäureestern (VIII) cyclisiert, deren Verseifung die Carbonsäuren (IX) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF DERIVATIVES OF 4‐HYDROXYPYRAZINO(2,3‐D)PYRIDAZIN‐1‐ONE
Authors: ZYCZYNSKA‐BALONIAK I. , CZAJKA R. , LINKOWSKA E.
Published: April 2016

Umsetzen des Anhydrids (I) mit den Hydrazinen (II) liefert die Pyridazinone (III), die zu den O‐Acetylderivaten‐(IV) acetyliert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW NONSTEROIDAL ANALGESIC‐ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT. SYNTHESIS AND ACTIVITY OF 4‐ETHOXY‐2‐METHYL‐5‐MORPHOLINO‐3(2H)‐PYRIDAZINONE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS
Authors: TAKAYA M. , SATO M. , TERASHIMA K. , TANIZAWA H. , MAKI Y.
Published: April 2016

Morpholin reagiert mit dem Dichlorid (I) zu einem Gemisch der Substitutionsprodukte (II) und (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT ENTRY INTO 4‐SUBSTITUTED 1,2‐4H‐DIAZEPINES
Authors: BEMI L. , THOMAS M. T. , SNIECKUS V.
Published: April 2016

Triphenyl‐l ,2‐4H‐diazepin (I) kann mit Lithiumdiisopropylamid metalliert und in Tetramethylethylendiamin als Lösungsmittel mit Elektrophilen in Position 4 selektiv substituiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND CATION COMPLEXING PROPERTIES OF SUBSTITUTED MACROCYCLIC POLYETHER‐DIESTER COMPOUNDS CONTAINING THE PYRIDINE SUBCYCLIC UNIT
Authors: BRADSHAW J. S. , MAAS G. E. , IZATT R. M. , LAMB J. D. , CHRISTENSEN J. J.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Bis‐säurechloriden (I) entstehen die Makrocyclen (III) durch Kondensation mit den Polyethylenglykolen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF METAL AND METALLOID COMPOUNDS WITH POLYFUNCTIONAL MOLECULES, 16. REACTIONS OF N‐ARYL‐ AND N‐SILYLARYLCARBONAMIDES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS WITH HALOBORANES
Authors: MARINGGELE W. , MELLER A.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktion N‐substituierter Carbonsäureamide mit Halogenboranen führt in Abhängigkeit von den Substituenten am Stickstoff und den Reaktionsbedingungen zu Amidoboranen und Derivaten des 4,8‐Diaza‐1,5‐Dibora‐2,6,9‐trioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonadiens.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF CHIRAL ALKYL METHYLPHENYLPHOSPHINATES
Authors: KOIZUMI T. , AMITANI H. , YOSHII E.
Published: April 2016

Methylphenylphosphinylchlorid (I) wird mit L‐Prolin‐ethylester (II) zu diastereomeren Phosphinamiden (III) umgesetzt, die nach chromatographischer Trennung an Silicagel mit Alkoholen (IV) sauer zu optisch aktiven Methylphenylphosphinaten (V) gespalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSPECIFIC ROBINSON‐STORK ANELLATION OF HETEROAROMATIC C‐DIALKYLAMINO COMPOUNDS
Authors: SCHAEFER M. , WEBER J. , FALLER P.
Published: April 2016

3‐Pyrrolidiny1‐benzofuran (Ia), ‐benzothiophen (Ic) und ‐benzoselenophen (Ib) addieren beim Erhitzen in Benzol an α,β‐ungesättigte Ketone (II) zu Michael‐ Addukten (III), von denen die Furan‐ und Selenophen‐Derivate (IIIa) und (IIIb) bei der Hydrolyse unter Anellierung zu (IV) cyclisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: TERTIARY PHOSPHINE COMPLEXES OF LOW‐VALENT ZIRCONIUM AND THEIR PROPERTIES
Authors: DATTA S. , WREFORD S. S. , BEATTY R. P. , MCNEESE T. J.
Published: April 2016

Der durch Umsetzung von Zr(IV)‐chlorid mit dem Diphosphinliganden gebildete Komplex (II) wird mit Na‐amalgam in Gegenwart von Cyclohexadien zum isolierbaren Hydrido‐ns‐cyclohexadienyl‐Zr(II)‐Komplex (I) reduziert.
ChemInform Abstract: SCHIFF BASE COMPLEXES OF RHENIUM(IV) AND RHENIUM(V)
Authors: MIDDLETON A. R. , MASTERS A. F. , WILKINSON G.
Published: April 2016

Abhängig von den Reaktionsbedingungen werden durch Reaktion der Re‐Komplexe (III) und (IX) mit den Schiffschen Basen (II) die Titelkomplexe, die sehr unterschiedlich sind (siehe Schema), erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION‐REDUCTION REACTIONS OF COMPLEXES WITH MACROCYCLIC LIGANDS. HALIDE‐MEDIATED ELECTRON TRANSFER INVOLVING LOW‐SPIN COBALT(III)‐(II) COUPLES
Authors: DURHAM B. , ENDICOTT J. F. , WONG C.‐L. , RILLEMA D. P.
Published: April 2016

Die Kinetik und der Mechanismus der Oxidation von low‐spin Co(II)‐Komplexen (I) werden untersucht und diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: PYRAZINE AND 1,4‐DIAZABICYCLO(2.2.2)OCTANE AS MAGNETIC EXCHANGE PROPAGATING BRIDGES IN BINUCLEAR COPPER(II) AND VANADYL COMPLEXES
Authors: HADDAD M. S. , HENDRICKSON D. N. , CANNADY J. P. , DRAGO R. S. , BIEKSZA D. S.
Published: April 2016

Die Cu‐Komplexe (I) werden durch die Umsetzung entsprechender Cu(II)‐Salze mit dem Tripodliganden und den NN‐Liganden dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: COPPER COMPLEXES OF QUINONES
Authors: CHERNYAK S. A. , TSIZIN YU. S. , LOPATIN B. V.
Published: April 2016

Die oxidierende Aminierung des 7‐Hydroxychinolins (I) verläuft nur in Gegenwart eines Äquivalents Kupferacetat.
ChemInform Abstract: ALLYLMERCURY COMPOUNDS, CONVENIENT REAGENTS FOR SYNTHESIS OF Π‐ALLYL DERIVATIVES OF TRANSITION METALS
Authors: NESMEYANOV A. N. , RUBEZHOV A. Z.
Published: April 2016

Als universelle Allylierungsmittel wirken die Allylquecksilberhalogenide (III) bei Reaktionen mit Komplexen des Palladiums wie (II), (IV), (VI), des Rhodiums wie (VIII) und (XI), des Iridiums (XIII), des Rutheniums und Osmiums (XV) und des Platins (XVI), so daß zahlreiche π‐Allylkomple xe gebildet werden, wie z.T. im Formelschema angedeutet.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION METAL ACTIVATION OF ALDEHYDES: PLATINUM METAL DERIVATIVES OF O‐DIPHENYLPHOSPHINOBENZALDEHYDE
Authors: RAUCHFUSS T. B.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktionen des Titelliganden mit Platinmetall‐Komplexen im Hinblick auf die Stabilisierung von Produkten durch die Aldehydgruppe werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: APPROACHES TO TRITERPENE SYNTHESIS. METHYL GROUP MIGRATION DURING CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION OF SOME PRECURSORS
Authors: APSIMON J. W. , TOTH I.
Published: April 2016

Die Hydrierung des ungesättigten Terpenalkohols (I) in siedendem Toluol ergibt unter Wanderung einer Methylgruppe das Triketon (II).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS THREO‐ AND ERYTHRO‐4‐HYDROXY‐DL‐GLUTAMIC ACIDS AND STUDY OF THEIR COMPLEXING PROPERTIES
Authors: KRASNOV V. P. , PODGORNAYA I. V. , IVAKIN A. A. , ALEKSEEVA L. A.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem bromierten N‐Phthaloylglutaminsäureester (I) spaltet man mit verd HCl Phthalsäure ab.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND COMPLEXING PROPERTIES OF COMPLEXING AGENTS WHICH ARE DERIVATIVES OF DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS. IV. IMINODISUCCINIC ACID
Authors: MALAKHAEV E. D. , NIKOL'SKII V. M. , GORELOV I. P.
Published: April 2016

Durch Anlagerung der Asparaginsäure (II) an Maleinsäure (I) (beide als Lithiumsalze) entsteht ein neues wasserlösliches Komplexon (III).
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION OF URONIC ACIDS LEADING TO AMINOCYCLITOLS. II. SYNTHESIS OF HEXAACETYL‐STREPTAMINE FROM N‐ACETYL‐D‐GLUCOSAMINE
Authors: KITAGAWA I. , KADOTA A. , YOSHIKAWA M.
Published: April 2016

Durch Einführung von Schutzgruppen nach konventionellen Methoden wird die Aminohexose (I) in das Derivat (II) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE‐ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP IN A NEW SERIES OF ATROPINE ANALOGS. 1. N,N′‐DISUBSTITUTED 6,7‐DIAZABICYCLO(3.2.2)NONANE DERIVATIVES
Authors: CHERKEZ S. , YELLIN H. , KASHMAN Y. , YAAVETZ B. , SOKOLOVSKY M.
Published: April 2016

Die Diazabicyclononane (I) werden dargestellt und auf Antimuscarin‐Aktivität im Vergleich zu Atropinsulfat (II) untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF THE ENANTIOMERIC FORMS OF 9‐(5‐DEOXY‐α‐THREO‐PENT‐4‐ENOFURANOSYL)ADENINE AND 9‐(3,5‐DIDEOXY‐β‐D‐GLYCERO‐PENT‐4‐ENOFURANOSYL)ADENINE AND IN VITRO ANTILEUKEMIC SCREENING
Authors: SRIVASTAVA V. K. , LERNER L. M.
Published: April 2016

Auf den im Formelschema beschriebenen Wegen werden die Titelverbindungen (XI) und (XIV) dargestellt, wobei die Vorstufe (V) wegen der Spaltung zu (VI) α‐L‐Konformation besitzt.
ChemInform Abstract: A HIGHLY STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF THE C18 CECROPIA JUVENILE HORMONE
Authors: STILL W. C. , MCDONALD J. H. III , COLLUM D. B. , MITRA A.
Published: April 2016

Die Kondensation zwischen dem Aldehyd (I) und der Li‐Verbindung (II) liefert ein Carbinol (III), das mit tert.‐Butyllithium und dem Aldehyd (IV) zu (V) reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐IMINODAUNORUBICIN. REDUCED CARDIOTOXIC PROPERTIES IN AN ANTITUMOR ANTHRACYCLINE
Authors: TONG G. L. , HENRY D. W. , ACTON E. M.
Published: April 2016

Der Carbonsäureester (Ia) reagiert als dünner Film in Gegenwart von Ammoniakgas bei ‐10 bis ‐l 5°C zu dem Amid (Ib).
ChemInform Abstract: HASHISH. PART 24. SYNTHESIS OF (‐)‐Δ9‐TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL (THC) AND ITS BIOLOGICALLY POTENT METABOLITE 3′‐HYDROXY‐Δ9‐THC
Authors: HANDRICK G. R. , ULISS D. B. , DALZELL H. C. , RAZDAN R. K.
Published: April 2016

Die Cannabinol‐Derivate (III) bzw. (VI) und (VII) werden bei der Kondensation von (I) mit den Resorcinen (II) bzw. (V) erhalten und identifiziert.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSPOSITIONS WITH CLEAVAGE OF THE NITROGEN‐NITROGEN BOND
Authors: FUSCO R.
Published: April 2016

Review: Übersichtsarbeit mit 12 Literaturhinweisen und zugleich Text eines Vortrags, gehalten auf dem 13. Nat.
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITION REACTIONS OF ESTERS OF PHOSPHORUS(III) ACIDS WITH UNSATURATED SYSTEMS
Authors: PUDOVIK A. N. , KONOVALOVA I. V.
Published: April 2016

Review: Dieser Übersichtsartikel beschreibt Additionen von Phosphor(III)‐estern an C‐C, C‐O, C‐N, N‐N, N‐Ound N‐S Mehrfachbindungen, wobei Phosphor(V)‐ester‐Derivate entstehen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF NAPHTHYRIDINES (REVIEW)
Authors: CHUBA V.
Published: April 2016

Review: In einer Zusammenfassung werden die Synthesen von 1,5‐, 1,6‐, 1,7‐ und 1,8‐Naphthyridinen anhand einiger Beispiele kurz erläutert und verschiedene Reaktionen der Naphthyridine, die elektrophile und nucleophile Substitution, Reaktionen von Aminonaphthyridinen, die Herstellung von Naphthyridin‐N‐oxiden, N‐Aminonaphthyridinen und Reissert‐Verbindungen kurz beschrieben und diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: Temperature Induced Phase Transition of CaMn0.5Zr1.5(PO4)3 Phosphate.
Authors: Orlova Maria , Perfler Lukas , Tribus Martina , Salnikov Petr , Glorieux Benoit , Orlova Albina
Published: April 2016

In view of a known structural phase transition at 800—875 °C and the by 10 times increased luminescence of Mn2+ in the high‐temperature phase, low‐ (LT) and high‐temperature (HT) polymorphs of CaMn0.5Zr1.5(PO4)3 are prepared by sol—gel reaction of Mn(O‐Ac)2, Ca(NO3)2, ZrOCl2, and NH4H2PO4 in ethylene glycol followed by a final annealing (700 or 900 °C, 20 h, resp.).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Series of Borophosphate Phosphor Cd3BPO7:M (M: Ce3+, Tb3+, Mn2+) with Tunable Luminescence and Energy Transfer Properties.
Authors: Cao Xiyu , Liu Wei , Liu Shuang , Cao Lixin , Su Ge , Gao Rongjie , Jiang Yu
Published: April 2016

Cd3BPO7, Cd3BPO7:xCe3+ (x = 5, 7, 9, 11 mol%), Cd3BPO7:yTb3+ (y = 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 mol%), Cd3BPO7.zMn2+ (z = 0.5, 0.7, 1.15, 2 mol%), Cd3BPO7:9 mol%Ce3+,yTb3+ (y = 3, 4, 6, 8 mol%), and Cd3BPO7:9 mol%Ce3+,zMn2+ (z = 0.5, 0.7, 1.15, 2 mol%) are prepared by solid state reactions of stoichiometric amounts of CdO, H3BO3, NH4H2PO4, Tb4O7, CeF3, and MnCO3 (alumina crucible, 573—1123 K, 4—12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Liquidus Projection and Isothermal Section of the Pb—Sb—Se Ternary System.
Authors: Chang Jui‐shen , Chen Sinn‐wen
Published: April 2016

The liquidus projection and the 400 °C isothermal section of the Pb—Sb—Se phase equilibrium are determined.
ChemInform Abstract: Cd(OH)F: Synthesis, Structure, Optical and Photocatalytic Properties.
Authors: Rawat Pooja , Nagarajan Rajamani
Published: April 2016

The title compound is obtained as pure phase by hydrolysis of CdF2 in aqueous KOH (25 °C, 24 h) as confirmed by FTIR and Raman spectra.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Bridged Polycyclic Systems by Polyene Cyclization.
Authors: Suzuki Keisuke , Yamakoshi Hiroyuki , Nakamura Seiichi
Published: April 2016

Both the olefinic substituent on the epoxide and the allylic trimethylsilyl group play crucial roles for the success of this polyene cyclization reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Polyisobutylene‐Tagged fac‐Ir(ppy)3 Complex and Its Application as Recyclable Visible‐Light Photocatalyst in a Continuous Flow Process.
Authors: Rackl Daniel , Kreitmeier Peter , Reiser Oliver
Published: April 2016

Deiodation of compound (I), deiodation/cyclization of compound (III), and E/Z isomerization of compound (V) are accomplished by photocatalysis using the title iridium(III) complex as highly active, homogeneous, and recyclable catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Handy Protocols Using Vinyl Nosylates in Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Dikova Anna , Cheval Nicolas P. , Blanc Aurelien , Weibel Jean‐Marc , Pale Patrick
Published: April 2016

Vinyl nosylates derived from 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds can be engaged in Suzuki—Miyaura cross coupling reactions with aryl‐, vinyl‐, and methylboronic acids (or trifluoborate derivatives) at room temperature in the presence of 2 mol% of PdCl2(dppf).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Coupling of Terminal Alkynes with Aldehydes Leading to Alkynyl Ketones by Using Indium(III) Bromide.
Authors: Ogiwara Yohei , Kubota Masahito , Kurogi Kotaro , Konakahara Takeo , Sakai Norio
Published: April 2016

The straightforward access to ynones proceeds trough nucleophilic addition and Oppenauer oxidation mediated by stoichiometric amounts of indium tribromide.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Induced Direct Photocatalytic Carboxylation of Indoles with CBr4/MeOH.
Authors: Yang Qing‐Qing , Marchini Marianna , Xiao Wen‐Jing , Ceroni Paola , Bandini Marco
Published: April 2016

A photoredox‐mediated carboxylation of heterocycles and even electron‐rich benzenes is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling of Terminal Alkynes with Aldehydes: Access to Ynones.
Authors: Tang Shan , Zeng Li , Liu Yichang , Lei Aiwen
Published: April 2016

The title reaction used α,α,α‐trifluoroacetophenone as oxidant and Zn(OTf)2 as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Phosphine Oxide—Sc(OTf)3 Complex Catalyzed Enantioselective Bromoaminocyclization of 2‐Benzofuranylmethyl N‐Tosylcarbamates. Approach to a Novel Class of Optically Active Spiro Compounds.
Authors: Li Zequan , Shi Yian
Published: April 2016

The scalable title reaction provides bromo‐substituted spiro benzofuran oxazolidinones in moderate to often high yields with very high enantiomeric excesses.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiodivergent Synthesis of Bis‐spiropyrrolidines via Sequential Interrupted and Completed [3 + 2] Cycloadditions.
Authors: Conde Egoitz , Rivilla Ivan , Larumbe Amaia , Cossio Fernando P.
Published: April 2016

The asymmetric addition of imines to nitroalkenes highly depends on the choice of the imine (I) or (XIII) to give syn‐ or anti‐products (III) and (XIV) with excellent diastereo‐ and high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Recyclable Tetraoxo‐Coordinated Zinc Catalyst for the Cycloaddition of Epoxides with Carbon Dioxide at Atmospheric Pressure.
Authors: Ma Ran , He Liang‐Nian , Zhou Yue‐Biao
Published: April 2016

Various cyclic carbonates are synthesized from the corresponding epoxides and carbon dioxide using an efficient and recyclable catalytic system of a Zn(O)4‐coordinated complex and Bu4NI.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of Imidazolidine‐Dispirooxindoles via Three‐Component [3 + 2] Cycloadditions of Isatins, 2‐(Aminomethyl)pyridine and Isatin‐Based Imines.
Authors: Zhao Hong‐Wu , Chen Xiao‐Qin , Yang Zhao , Tian Ting , Li Bo , Meng Wei , Song Xiu‐Qing , Pang Hai‐Liang
Published: April 2016

Notably, benzylamine as amine component does not react.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 2‐Amino‐5,7‐dimethoxy‐4‐aryl/alkyl‐4H‐chromene‐3‐carbonitriles Using Na2O‐Al2O3‐P2O5 Glass—Ceramic System.
Authors: Jabbarzare Saeid , Ghashang Majid
Published: April 2016

The title chromenes are obtained by one‐pot three‐component coupling of various aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and dimethoxy phenol.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Quinolines via a Knoevenagel/Staudinger/Aza‐Wittig Sequence.
Authors: Qu Feng , He Ping , Hu Ruo‐Fei , Cheng Xiao‐Hong , Wang Song , Wu Jing
Published: April 2016

A great variety of quinoline derivatives is simply and efficiently synthesized from 2‐azidobenzaldehyde (I) and various carbonyl compounds in good yields through a Knoevenagel condensation followed by an intramolecular Staudinger/aza‐Wittig reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation Reactions of Arylimidazolium Salts via N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Directed C—H Activation.
Authors: Li Renhe , Hu Yang , Liu Ran , Hu Ruofang , Li Bin , Wang Baiquan
Published: April 2016

An efficient ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed oxidative annulation reaction of various arylimidazolium salts with alkynes via N‐heterocyclic carbene‐directed C—H activation to obtain substituted benzimidazoquinolizinium salts is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Scalable C—H Oxidation with Copper: Synthesis of Polyoxypregnanes.
Authors: See Yi Yang , Herrmann Aaron T. , Aihara Yoshinori , Baran Phil S.
Published: April 2016

The site‐specific steroidal C‐12 functionalization utilizing the Cu‐mediated Schoenecker oxidation is reinvestigated and dramatically improved using a new imine directing group in the substrates and alternative reducing agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Reaction to the Synthesis of Natural Products and Drug Molecules
Authors: Bhowmik Subhendu , Batra Sanjay
Published: April 2016

Review: 182 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Synthesis and Kinase Inhibitory Potencies of Non‐fused Indazole Derivatives
Authors: Giraud Francis , Anizon Fabrice , Moreau Pascale
Published: April 2016

Review: 135 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Kojic Acid in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Zirak Maryam , Eftekhari‐Sis Bagher
Published: April 2016

Review: 236 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Cycloaddition Reactions Catalyzed by BINOL‐Derived Phosphoric Acids and N‐Triflyl Phosphoramides: Recent Advances
Authors: Held Felix E. , Grau Dominik , Tsogoeva Svetlana B.
Published: April 2016

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Aluminum Triiodide in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Tian Juan , Sang Dayong
Published: April 2016

Review: 192 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Biological Studies of Marine Terpenoids Derived from Inorganic Cyanide
Authors: Schnermann Martin J. , Shenvi Ryan A.
Published: April 2016

Review: 182 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Explaining Anomalies in Enamine Catalysis: “Downstream Species” as a New Paradigm for Stereocontrol
Authors: Bures Jordi , Armstrong Alan , Blackmond Donna G.
Published: April 2016

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymers and Kinetic Resolutions: The Insolubility of It All
Authors: Clark Robert W. , Akhani Ravish K. , Wiskur Sheryl L.
Published: April 2016

Review: [methods for the chromatography‐free separation of enantiomers through the use of polymers in kinetic resolutions; 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Memory of Chirality (MOC) in Intramolecular sp3 C—H Amination
Authors: Mu Yucheng , Zhu Chendan , Shi Zhuangzhi
Published: April 2016

Review: [25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrophosphination
Authors: Pullarkat Sumod A.
Published: April 2016

Review: [44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐ and Rhodium‐Catalyzed Strain‐Driven Cleavage and Reconstruction of the C—C Bond
Authors: Kondo Teruyuki
Published: April 2016

Review: [81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Syntheses of Frog Alkaloid Epibatidine
Authors: de Oliveira Filho Ronaldo E. , Omori Alvaro T.
Published: April 2016

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Promoted C‐C Bond Formation in the Total Synthesis of Natural Products and Drugs
Authors: Legros Julien , Figadere Bruno
Published: April 2016

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Several Classes of Natural Products with Metal Ion Chelating Ability
Authors: Shi Yutong , Jiang Wei , Auckloo Bibi N. , Wu Bin
Published: April 2016

Review: 195 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Natural Dihydropyranones: A Contribution to the Structural Elucidation of Natural Products. Coibacins A and B, Cryptomoscatones D1, D2 and E3
Authors: Pilli Ronaldo Aloise , Toneto Novaes Luiz Fernando , Teixeira Carneiro Vania Maria , Drekener Roberta Lopes , Avila Carolina Martins
Published: April 2016

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed Click Reaction in Carbohydrate Chemistry
Authors: Tiwari Vinod K. , Mishra Bhuwan B. , Mishra Kunj B. , Mishra Nidhi , Singh Anoop S. , Chen Xi
Published: April 2016

Review: 747 refs.
Studying Socio‐Affective Communication in Rats through Playback of Ultrasonic Vocalizations
Authors: Wöhr Markus , Seffer Dominik , Schwarting Rainer K.W.
Published: April 2016

Rats are able to produce ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs). Such USVs are an important component of the rat social behavior repertoire and serve distinct communicative functions as socio‐affective signals. Depending on the emotional valence of the situation, juvenile and adult rats utter (1) aversive 22‐kHz USVs conveying an appeasing and/or alarming function; or (2) appetitive 50‐kHz USVs, which act as social contact calls, amongst others. A 50‐kHz USV radial maze playback paradigm that allows assessment of the behavioral responses displayed by the recipients in a highly standardized manner has been developed. In this newly developed paradigm, a rat is exposed individually to playback of natural 50‐kHz USVs and appropriate acoustic control stimuli using an acoustic presentation system for ultrasound. By this means, it has been consistently shown that 50‐kHz USVs lead to social approach behavior in the recipient, supporting the notion that they serve an affiliative function as social contact calls. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Epigenetics in Drug Response
Authors: Cascorbi I , Schwab M
Published: April 2016

Hereditary genetic variation has been identified to contribute significantly to drug response. More recently, there is increasing evidence that individual phenotypic differences may also result from epigenetic alterations such as histone‐acetylation or DNA‐methylation. Moreover, interactions with noncoding RNAs contribute to protein expression and may modulate drug action. Currently, intriguing developments of novel therapeutic approaches through epigenetic drugs are emerging. The overall complexity of epigenetics in drug action, however, is so far only little understood.
Allele and haplotype diversity of new multiplex of 19 ChrX‐STR loci in Han population from Guanzhong region (China)
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Dang , Shen Chun‐Mei , Meng Hao‐Tian , Guo Yu‐Xin , Dong Qian , Yang Guang , Yan Jiang‐Wei , Liu Yao‐Shun , Mei Ting , Huang Rui‐Zhe , Zhu Bo‐Feng
Published: April 2016

X‐chromosomal short tandem repeats (X‐STRs) have been proved to be useful for some deficiency paternity cases in recent years. Here, we studied the genetic polymorphisms of 19 X‐STR loci (DXS10148‐DXS10135‐DXS8378, DXS10159‐DXS10162‐DXS10164, DXS7132‐DXS10079‐DXS10074‐DXS10075, DXS6809‐DXS6789, DXS7424‐DXS101, DXS10103‐HPRTB‐DXS10101 and DXS7423‐DXS10134) in 252 male and 222 female individuals from Guanzhong Han population, China. No deviation for all 19 loci was observed from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The polymorphism information content values of the panel of 19 loci were more than 0.5 with the exception of the locus DXS7423. The combined power of discrimination were 0.9999999999999999999994340 in females and 0.9999999999997662 in males, respectively; and the combined mean exclusion chances were 0.999999993764 in duos and 0.999999999997444 in trios, respectively. The haplotype diversities for all the seven clusters of linked loci were more than 0.9. The results showed that the panel of 19 X‐STR loci were powerful for forensic applications in Guanzhong Han population. Locus by locus population comparisons showed significant differences at more than seven loci between Guanzhong Han population and the groups from North America, Europe and Africa.
Sparse‐view statistical iterative head CT image reconstruction via joint regularization
Authors: Shangguan Hong , Liu Yi , Cui Xueying , Bai Yunjiao , Zhang Quan , Gui Zhiguo
Published: April 2016

It is a significant challenge to accurately reconstruct medical computed tomography (CT) images with important details and features. Reconstructed images always suffer from noise and artifact pollution because the acquired projection data may be insufficient or undersampled. In reality, some “isolated noise points” (similar to impulse noise) always exist in low‐dose CT projection measurements. Statistical iterative reconstruction (SIR) methods have shown greater potential to significantly reduce quantum noise but still maintain the image quality of reconstructions than the conventional filtered back‐projection (FBP) reconstruction algorithm. Although the typical total variation‐based SIR algorithms can obtain reconstructed images of relatively good quality, noticeable patchy artifacts are still unavoidable. To address such problems as impulse‐noise pollution and patchy‐artifact pollution, this work, for the first time, proposes a joint regularization constrained SIR algorithm for sparse‐view CT image reconstruction, named “SIR‐JR” for simplicity. The new joint regularization consists of two components: total generalized variation, which could process images with many directional features and yield high‐order smoothness, and the neighborhood median prior, which is a powerful filtering tool for impulse noise. Subsequently, a new alternating iterative algorithm is utilized to solve the objective function. Experiments on different head phantoms show that the obtained reconstruction images are of superior quality and that the presented method is feasible and effective.
A fully automatic method for biological target volume segmentation of brain metastases
Authors: Stefano Alessandro , Vitabile Salvatore , Russo Giorgio , Ippolito Massimo , Marletta Franco , D'arrigo Corrado , D'urso Davide , Gambino Orazio , Pirrone Roberto , Ardizzone Edoardo , Gilardi Maria Carla
Published: April 2016

Leksell Gamma Knife is a mini‐invasive technique to obtain a complete destruction of cerebral lesions delivering a single high dose radiation beam. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging is increasingly utilized for radiation treatment planning. Nevertheless, lesion volume delineation in PET datasets is challenging because of the low spatial resolution and high noise level of PET images. Nowadays, the biological target volume (BTV) is manually contoured on PET studies. This procedure is time expensive and operator‐dependent. In this article, a fully automatic algorithm for the BTV delineation based on random walks (RW) on graphs is proposed. The results are compared with the outcomes of the original RW method, 40% thresholding method, region growing method, and fuzzy c‐means clustering method. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in a clinical environment, BTV segmentation on 18 patients with cerebral metastases is performed. Experimental results show that the segmentation algorithm is accurate and has real‐time performance satisfying the physician requirements in a radiotherapy environment.
Can COMT‐inhibitor delay the clinical progression of Parkinson's disease? 2 years follow up pilot study
Authors: Song In‐Uk , Kim Tae‐Won , Yoo Ikdong , Chung Yong‐An , Lee Kwan‐Sung
Published: April 2016

Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with the severity of human neurodegenerative diseases due to its neuronal and endothelial toxicities, and pretreatment of a catecho‐O‐methyltransferase (COMTI) could block the l‐dopa induced elevation of serum Hcy levels in preclinical study. However, it is unclear whether hyperhomocysteinemia in the patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is related to clinical progression or not. Therefore, we conducted this 2‐year follow‐up study to evaluate whether or not COMTI has an impact on the progression or severity of PD. Data for 50 PD patients (22 PD patients treated with l‐Dopa and COMTI and 28 PD patients treated with l‐Dopa alone) who were recruited for this study were compared with those of 19 healthy controls. All subjects underwent Tc‐99m HMPAO SPECT and neurological evaluation including cognitive function. Serum homocysteine (Hcy) was measured at baseline and at the 2‐year follow up visit. The result showed serum Hcy levels were greater in the two PD groups than the healthy control group (P = 0.003), suggesting L‐dopa induced hyperhomocysteinemia. However, the comparison between these two PD groups showed no significant differences in serum Hcy level as well as regional cerebral perfusion, cognitive function or motor severity at baseline and at 2 years, indicating that COMTI neither prevented l‐dopa induced hyperhomocysteinemia nor delayed clinical progression. Given limitation of excluding advanced PD with late motor complications, future large‐scale long‐term followup studies are needed to clarify the effects of COMTI.
MR imaging reconstruction using a modified descent‐type alternating direction method
Authors: Chen Hao , Tao Jinxu , Sun Yuli , Qiu Bensheng , Ye Zhongfu
Published: April 2016

In the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) field, total variation (TV) which is the
‐norm of the gradient‐magnitude images (GMI) is widely used as the regularization in the compressive sensing (CS) based reconstruction algorithm. Based on the classic augmented Lagrangian multiplier method, we propose a modified descent‐type alternating direction method (ADM) for solving the TV regularized reconstruction problems in the following sense: an iteration result generated by the ADM is utilized to generate a descent direction; an appropriate step size along this descent direction is identified; and the penalty parameters are updated. The proposed algorithm effectively combines alternating direction technique with the descent‐type method. Extensive results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm, is competitive with, and often outperforms, other state‐of‐the‐art solvers in the field.
Multi‐contrast MR image denoising for parallel imaging using multilayer perceptron
Authors: Kwon Kinam , Kim Dongchan , Park HyunWook
Published: April 2016

For clinical diagnosis in MRI, multiple examinations are commonly performed to acquire various contrast images. This article presents a learning‐based denoising method for parallel imaging to enhance the quality of multi‐contrast images so that the imaging time can be accelerated highly. Multi‐contrast images share structural information and coil geometry. The proposed method adopts the multilayer perceptron (MLP) model to save the sharable and redundant information among the multi‐contrast images. The images are divided into patches, which are used as the input and output of MLP. A geometry factor map is additionally used to provide noise amplification information of the accelerated MR images. Computer simulation demonstrates that the use of multi‐contrast images and geometry factor contributes to the quality of the reconstructed images. The proposed method reconstructs high‐quality images without impairing details from the subsampled intermediate images, and it shows better results than previous denoising methods.
Artificial Urinary Sphincter: Report of the 2015 Consensus Conference
Authors: Biardeau X. , Aharony S. ,   the AUS Consensus Group, Campeau L. , Corcos J.
Published: April 2016

Purpose

The AMS800™ device, by far the most frequently implanted artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) worldwide, is considered to be the “gold‐standard” when male incontinence surgical treatment is contemplated. Despite 40 years of experience, it is still a specialized procedure with a number of challenges. Here, we present the recommendations issued from the AUS Consensus Group, regarding indications, management, and follow‐up AMS800™ implantation or revision.

Materials and Methods

Under ICS auspices, an expert panel met on July 10, 2015 in Chicago, IL, USA in an attempt to reach a consensus on diverse issues related to the AMS800™ device. Participants were selected by the two co‐chairs on the basis of their practice in a University hospital and their experience: number of implanted AUSs according to AMS (American Medical System Holdings Inc., Minnetonka, MN) records and/or major published articles. Topics listed were the result of a pre‐meeting email brainstorming by all participants. The co‐chairs distributed topics randomly to all participants, who then had to propose a statement on each topic for approval by the conference after a short evidence‐based presentation, when possible.

Results

A total of 25 urologists were invited to participate, 19 able to attend the conference. The present recommendations, based on the most recent and relevant data available in literature as well as expert opinions, successively address multiple specific and problematic issues associated with the AMS800™ trough a eight‐chapter structure: pre‐operative assessment, pre operative challenges, implantation technique, post‐operative care, trouble‐shooting, outcomes, special populations, and the future of AUSs.

Conclusion

These guidelines undoubtedly constitute a reference document, which will help urologists to carefully select patients and apply the most adapted management to implantation, follow‐up and trouble‐shooting of the AMS800™. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:S8–S24, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydrodynamic meshfree method for high‐rate solid dynamics using a Rankine–Hugoniot enhancement in a Riemann‐SCNI framework
Authors: Roth Michael J. , Chen Jiun‐Shyan , Danielson Kent T. , Slawson Thomas R.
Published: April 2016

Many challenging engineering and scientific problems involve the response of nonlinear solid materials to high‐rate dynamic loading. Accompanying hydrodynamic effects are crucial, where shock‐driven pressures may dominate material response. In this work, a hydrodynamic meshfree formulation is developed under the Lagrangian reproducing kernel particle method framework. The volumetric stress divergence is enhanced using a Rankine–Hugoniot‐enriched Riemann solution that introduces the essential physics; oscillation control is introduced through appropriate state and field variable approximations that define the Riemann problem initial conditions. Consequently, non‐physical numerical parameters and length scales required in the traditional artificial viscosity technique for shock modeling are avoided here. Several numerical examples are provided to verify the formulation accuracy across a range of shock loading conditions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fight for life and dignity: A case of massive traumatic brain injury and the paths for treatment and neurorehabilitation
Authors: Shklovsky Viktor M. , Zotova Lybov I. , Malyukova Natalia G. , Mamicheva Elena D. , Petrushevsky Alexey G. , Mayorova Larisa A. , Syrnikova Bela A.
Published: April 2016

We present a clinical case of treatment and neurorehabilitation of a patient with severe neurological deficit due to extensive traumatic lesion of the left hemisphere of the brain. Until recently, such cases were considered incurable and remained marginalized throughout their lives. This clinical case illustrates the compensatory brain possibilities under long‐term integrated multidisciplinary treatment and neurorehabilitation with mandatory application of medical, medico‐psychological, medico‐pedagogical, and medico‐social methods, the importance and intensity of which vary at different stages of the disease. This process is addressed in the individual patient. The greatest efficiency of the neurorehabilitation treatment of patients with severe consequences of a stroke and traumatic brain injury can be reached under the following conditions: the earliest possible start of rehabilitation with a sufficient duration and intensity; interdisciplinary and integrative rehabilitation process at various stages of rehabilitation treatment; systematic clinical and neuropsychological diagnostics; systematic monitoring of somatic, neurological, psychiatric, and psychological condition of the patient; assistance with sociopsychological and labor issues; and problem‐solving support.
Diagnosing dementia: piecing the jigsaw together
Authors: Benbow Susan M. , Greaves Ian , Jolley David
Published: April 2016

Our commentaries from the Primary Care Neurology Society (P‐CNS) provide a primary care perspective on the neurology articles in Progress. Here, Drs Benbow, Greaves and Jolley consider ‘Neuroimaging in dementia: an update for the general clinician’ (see p16).
Increasing the flexural capacity of RC beams using steel angles and pre‐tensioned stainless steel ribbons
Authors: Colajanni Piero , Recupero Antonino , Spinella Nino
Published: April 2016

This article presents an experimental programme on reinforced concrete beams retrofitted with steel angles and pre‐stressed stainless steel ribbons to increase their flexural strength and ductility. Two different configurations of the steel ribbon were designed, and two companion specimens for each type considered were subjected to a four‐point bending test to facilitate a direct comparison in the analysis of the effectiveness of the retrofitting technique. The influence of longitudinal steel angles and transverse stainless steel ribbons is analysed, and the concrete confinement due to stainless steel ribbons examined. The strengthened beams show remarkable increments in flexural strength and ductility with respect to the as‐built beam. Moreover, a simple cross‐sectional model was adopted to calculate the flexural strength; then sophisticated numerical tools were used to reproduce both the experimental load‐displacement curve and crack pattern for each specimen.
Research progresses on Cherenkov and transit-time high-power microwave sources at NUDT
Authors: Zhang Jiande , Ge Xingjun , Zhang Jun , He Juntao , Fan Yuwei , Li Zhiqiang , Jin Zhenxing , Gao Liang , Ling Junpu , Qi Zumin
Published: April 2016

Research progresses on Cherenkov and transit-time high-power microwave (HPM) sources in National University of Defense Technology (NUDT) of China are presented. The research issues are focused on the following aspects. The pulse-shortening phenomenon in O-type Cerenkov HPM devices is suppressed. The compact coaxial relativistic backward-wave oscillators (RBWOs) at low bands are developed. The power efficiency in M-Type HPM tubes without guiding magnetic field increased. The power capacities and power efficiencies in the triaxial klystron amplifier (TKA) and relativistic transit-time oscillator (TTO) at higher frequencies increased. In experiments, some exciting results were obtained. The X-band source generated 2 GW microwave power with a pulse duration of 110 ns in 30 Hz repetition mode. Both L- and P-band compact RBWOs generated over 2 GW microwave power with a power efficiency of over 30%. There is approximately a 75% decline of the volume compared with that of conventional RBWO under the same power capacity conditions. A 1.755 GHz MILO produced 3.1 GW microwave power with power efficiency of 10.4%. A 9.37 GHz TKA produced the 240 MW microwave power with the gain of 34 dB. A 14.3 GHz TTO produced 1 GW microwave power with power efficiency of 20%.
Neuropsychological Profiles of Children Following Vitamin B12 Deficiency During Infancy: A Case Series
Authors: Greenham M. , Anderson V. , Campbell J. , Monagle P. , Beauchamp M.H.
Published: April 2016

Previous studies investigating long-term outcomes in children following vitamin B12 deficiency during infancy have been limited to IQ or clinical observation. This paper seeks to describe comprehensive neuropsychological profiles in a case series of school-aged children who were treated for infantile vitamin B12 deficiency. This was a retrospective case series of seven children who were treated for vitamin B12 deficiency during infancy and aged 5 to 16 years at the time of testing. While most children had age-expected intellectual performance, the distribution of the sample was skewed to the lower end of the normal range. Furthermore, children were found to have impairments in a number of neuropsychological domains, most common were attention and memory, followed by executive function. These results suggest that while neurological symptoms quickly resolve following treatment, these effects on early brain development may disrupt brain maturation and have the potential to impact on later development.