bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mind the Gap! Working Toward Gender Equity in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease: Present and Future
Authors: Chowdhury Devyani , Bansal Neha , Ansong Annette , Baker Smith Carissa , Bauser‐Heaton Holly , Choueiter Nadine , Co‐Vu Jennifer , Elliott Pietro , Fuller Stephanie , Jain Supriya S. , Jone Pei‐Ni , Johnson Jonathan N. , Karamlou Tara , Kipps Alaina K. , Laraja Kristin , Lopez Keila N. , Rasheed Muneera , Ronai Christina , Sachdeva Ritu , Saidi Arwa , Snyder Chris , Sutton Nicole , Stiver Corey , Taggart Nathaniel W. , Shaffer Kenneth , Williams Roberta
Published: April 2024

Evidence from medicine and other fields has shown that gender diversity results in better decision making and outcomes. The incoming workforce of congenital heart specialists (especially in pediatric cardiology) appears to be more gender balanced, but past studies have shown many inequities. Gender‐associated differences in leadership positions, opportunities presented for academic advancement, and recognition for academic contributions to the field persist. In addition, compensation packages remain disparate if evaluated based on gender with equivalent experience and expertise. This review explores these inequities and has suggested individual and institutional changes that could be made to recruit and retain women, monitor the climate of the institution, and identify and eliminate bias in areas like salary and promotions.
Association Between Diagnosis‐to‐Limb Revascularization Time and Clinical Outcomes in Outpatients With Chronic Limb‐Threatening Ischemia: Insights From the CLIPPER Cohort
Authors: Fanaroff Alexander C. , Dayoub Elias J. , Yang Lin , Schultz Kaitlyn , Ramadan Omar I. , Wang Grace J. , Damrauer Scott M. , Genovese Elizabeth A. , Secemsky Eric A. , Parikh Sahil A. , Nathan Ashwin S. , Kohi Maureen P. , Weinberg Mitchell D. , Jaff Michael R. , Groeneveld Peter W. , Giri Jay S.
Published: April 2024

Background

The extent and consequences of ischemia in patients with chronic limb‐threatening ischemia (CLTI) may change rapidly, and delays from diagnosis to revascularization may worsen outcomes. We sought to describe the association between time from diagnosis to endovascular lower extremity revascularization (diagnosis‐to‐limb revascularization [D2L] time) and clinical outcomes in outpatients with CLTI.

Methods and Results

In the CLIPPER cohort, comprising patients between 66 and 86 years old diagnosed with CLTI betweeen 2010 and 2019, we used Medicare claims data to identify patients who underwent outpatient endovascular revascularization within 180 days of diagnosis. We described the risk‐adjusted association between D2L time and clinical outcomes. Among 1 130 065 patients aged between 66 and 86 years with CLTI, 99 221 (8.8%) underwent outpatient endovascular lower extremity revascularization within 180 days of their CLTI diagnosis. Among patients with D2L time <30 days, there was no association between D2L time and all‐cause death or major lower extremity amputation. However, among patients with D2L time >30 days, each additional 10‐day increase in D2L time was associated with a 2.5% greater risk of major amputation (hazard ratio, 1.025 [95% CI, 1.014–1.036]). There was no association between D2L time and all‐cause death.

Conclusions

A delay of >30 days from CLTI diagnosis to lower extremity endovascular revascularization was associated with an increased risk of major lower extremity amputation among patients undergoing outpatient endovascular revascularization. Improving systems of care to reduce D2L time could reduce amputations.
Implementing Telestroke in the Inpatient Setting: Identifying Factors for Success
Authors: Pestka Deborah L. , Boes Samuel , Ramezani Solmaz , Peters Maya , Usher Michael G. , Koopmeiners Joseph S. , Beebe Timothy J. , Melton Genevieve B. , Streib Christopher D.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Inpatient telestroke programs have emerged as a solution to provide timely stroke care in underserved areas, but their successful implementation and factors influencing their effectiveness remain underexplored. This study aimed to qualitatively evaluate the perspectives of inpatient clinicians located at spoke hospitals participating in a newly established inpatient telestroke program to identify implementation barriers and facilitators.

METHODS:

This was a formative evaluation relying on semistructured qualitative interviews with 16 inpatient providers (physicians and nurse practitioners) at 5 spoke sites of a hub-and-spoke inpatient telestroke program. The Integrated-Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework guided data analysis, focusing on the innovation, recipients, context, and facilitation aspects of implementation. Interviews were transcribed and coded using thematic analysis.

RESULTS:

Fifteen themes were identified in the data and mapped to the Integrated-Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework. Themes related to the innovation (the telestroke program) included easy access to stroke specialists, the benefits of limiting patient transfers, concerns about duplicating tests, and challenges of timing inpatient telestroke visits and notes to align with discharge workflow. Themes pertaining to recipients (care team members and patients) were communication gaps between teams, concern about the supervision of inpatient telestroke advanced practice providers and challenges with nurse empowerment. With regard to the context (hospital and system factors), providers highlighted familiarity with telehealth technologies as a facilitator to implementing inpatient telestroke, yet highlighted resource limitations in smaller facilities. Facilitation (program implementation) was recognized as crucial for education, standardization, and buy-in.

CONCLUSIONS:

Understanding barriers and facilitators to implementation is crucial to determining where programmatic changes may need to be made to ensure the success and sustainment of inpatient telestroke services.
The effect of deep brain stimulation on cortico-subcortical networks in Parkinson’s disease patients with freezing of gait: Exhaustive exploration of a basic model
Authors: Popova Mariia , Messé Arnaud , Gulberti Alessandro , Gerloff Christian , Pötter-Nerger Monika , Hilgetag Claus C.
Published: April 2024

Current treatments of Parkinson’s disease (PD) have limited efficacy in alleviating freezing of gait (FoG). In this context, concomitant deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) has been suggested as a potential therapeutic approach. However, the mechanisms underlying this approach are unknown. While the current rationale relies on network-based hypotheses of intensified disinhibition of brainstem locomotor areas to facilitate the release of gait motor programs, it is still unclear how simultaneous high-frequency DBS in two interconnected basal ganglia nuclei affects large-scale cortico-subcortical network activity. Here, we use a basic model of neural excitation, the susceptible-excited-refractory (SER) model, to compare effects of different stimulation modes of the network underlying FoG based on the mouse brain connectivity atlas. We develop a network-based computational framework to compare subcortical DBS targets through exhaustive analysis of the brain attractor dynamics in the healthy, PD, and DBS states. We show that combined STN+SNr DBS outperforms STN DBS in terms of the normalization of spike propagation flow in the FoG network. The framework aims to move toward a mechanistic understanding of the network effects of DBS and may be applicable to further perturbation-based therapies of brain disorders.
Conditional Loyalty and Exit
Authors: Chau Grace W.F. , Gherghina Sergiu
Published: April 2024

This article aims to explain the emigration of wealthy Chinese citizens after the 2012 political leadership change, with reference to Hirschman’s model. It builds on the concepts of loyalty and exit in the context of an authoritarian regime with rapid economic growth, to offer insights into the self-declared reasons behind the emigration of these people from China. Based on evidence from 25 semi-structured interviews conducted in 2021 with Chinese emigrants, the analysis outlines the intricate interplay between economic opportunities and the level of control within an authoritarian regime as a cause for emigration.
Locating Premigration as a Critical Stage in the Migration Value Chain
Authors: Sibanda Sehlaphi , Hlatshwayo Mondli
Published: April 2024

This article draws on the narratives of 29 Zimbabwean migrant women employed in the Johannesburg restaurant industry. It uses qualitative methods through in-depth interviews. Although there is a growing amount of research on the migration experiences of Zimbabwean migrant women, the paper argues that there is a need to deepen the examination of the premigration phase because it is the foundation of the migration process. A thorough examination of premigration in this paper offers a crucial understanding of the circumstances behind migration choices, encompassing incentives, decision-making procedures and premigration arrangements and plans. Some women incorporate menstruation as part of their migration plan and strategy. Menstruation may occasionally shield women from sexual assault by men when they travel to Johannesburg.
Introduction: Globalizing Protestantisms
Authors: McGhee Patrick Seamus , Hill Kat
Published: April 2024

The articles in this Special Issue shed new light on the global dimensions of the Protestant Reformation from the sixteenth century to the nineteenth century. Drawing upon a range of historiographical debates and methodological approaches, they examine the variety of identities and perspectives that made up post-Reformation religious cultures. Contributions uncover the ways in which multiple forms of Protestantism shaped and responded to global patterns of knowledge and practice, movement and migration, colonization and empire, commercial ventures, and cultural encounters. They reveal the role of Protestant beliefs and practices in expressing and recalibrating changing attitudes towards race, gender, and sexuality, as well as shifting cultural perceptions of the world and its history. This Introduction frames the articles featured in the Special Issue and situates them in historical context. It also reflects upon key themes and concepts as well as recent historiographical developments.
Hans Staden and the Protestant Captivity Narrative: The Origins and Fractured Legacy of a New Literary Genre
Authors: Harrington Joel F.
Published: April 2024

Virtually all discussions of Hans Staden’s famous True History (1557) have focused on the cannibalistic aspects of his tale. This article argues that 1) the religious language throughout his account is not incidental but rather indicative of the main purpose of his writing: proselytizing about personal conversion and divine providence; 2) the profound similarity of this early version of the Protestant captivity narrative to its much better known New England version a century later suggests a hitherto hidden influence, either direct or indirect; 3) in this focus on individual conversion, the New World descriptions of non-colonizing German Lutherans differed considerably from the imperially-driven missionary agendas of other European Protestants abroad.
Citizens’ Sentiments or Governmental Rationales? Post-War Reconstruction of Bombed Cities in the Netherlands
Authors: van Meurs Wim , Brinkhorst Laura , Oprel Marieke
Published: April 2024

After large-scale destruction by acts of war or natural disasters, reconstruction of housing and infrastructure is up to the state. Typically, reconstruction is preceded by expropriation of real estate ‘in the public interest’. Because of the bombing of Dutch cities and the demolition of entire districts for the Atlantikwall, the Dutch government deployed this instrument after liberation. Thanks to the institution of the Ledger for Reconstruction, cities like Rotterdam and Arnhem were rebuilt. Yet, the Ledger was not invented in 1945 or in London, but in 1940 under German occupation, for Rotterdam. Given the large number of expropriated Dutch citizens and the huge sums involved, historians’ attention for these expropriations has been remarkably scarce. Mostly, they focus on reconstruction as net result and convey a message of national unity, progress and hope – the very message that was conveyed during those post-war years. This contribution therefore brings to the fore resistance and resentment as responses to the government’s heavy-handed policies of expropriation and reconstruction. And questions whether adopting an institution from the occupation period went uncontested after liberation.
Italian Studies: Language and Linguistics
Authors: Ferrari Jacopo
Published: April 2024

This is a critical bibliographical survey of academic studies published in 2022 in the area of Italian Studies.
Nordic Studies: Language and Linguistics
Authors: Oberlin Adam
Published: April 2024

This is a critical bibliographical survey of academic studies published in 2022 in the area of Nordic Studies.
Yiddish Studies: Language, Linguistics, and Literature
Authors: Stern Heidi
Published: April 2024

This is a critical bibliographical survey of academic studies published in 2022 in the area of Yiddish Studies.
Occitan Studies: Literature, Modern Period
Authors: Parayre Catherine
Published: April 2024

This is a critical bibliographical survey of academic studies published in 2022 in the area of Occitan Studies.
Musings on Literary History Research: The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature as a Case Study
Authors: Xu Zhixiao
Published: April 2024

In the study of literary history, how can we transcend the traditional models found in existing works? How can we take literary history research in new directions? For scholars of literary history who aspire to break new ground in the field, these are questions that must be properly considered. Published outside of China, The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature offers us a paradigm for literary history writing. While some of its features might be debatable, it offers much inspiration and food for thought. In this case study, the author shares with our readers some of his insights and opinions regarding the study of literary history.
Field trips of the 9th International Conference on Fossil Insects, Arthropods, and Amber—a overview on Mesozoic palaeontology and stratigraphy of the Ordos Basin
Authors: LIAN XIN-NENG , WANG YE-HAO , CAI CHEN-YANG , HUANG DI-YING
Published: April 2024

The field trips will cover the Mesozoic stratigraphy and palaeontology of the Ordos Basin and the Loess Plateau (Fig. 1). The towering Qinling Mountains developed in the southern part of Xi’an. This investigation has entered the Loess Plateau from the Guanzhong Basin, where Xi’an is located, to the Tongchuan area, and the northernmost city of Yulin is a former desert area. The purpose of the investigation is to understand the Mesozoic strata, palaeontology, palaeoclimate and tectonic movements in the Ordos Basin. From the dry hot environment of the Red Bed in the mid-Triassic, it experienced a large cycle of warm and humid environment and then to the dry climate of the Early Cretaceous. Specifically, the middle and lower parts of the Middle Triassic Ermaying Formation are red beds, and coal seams begin to appear in the upper part of the formation; the overlying Middle-Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation has extensive oil and gas resources, and the lower strata are called by some authors the Tongchuan Formation and yielded a large number of insect fossils. At the turn of the Triassic and Jurassic, the area was elevated and lacked deposit. The Fuxian Formation of coal-bearing strata developed in the Early Jurassic. In the Lower-Middle Jurassic, the Yan’an Formation was a set of coal-bearing strata, which developed the largest coal mine in China. The Middle-Upper Jurassic Zhiluo Formation is a glutenite deposit. The unconformity between the Zhiluo Formation and the conglomerate at the bottom of the Lower Cretaceous Yijun Formation in this area indicates the Yanshan Movement Phase B. The Zhiluo Formation and the Yijun Formation is disconformity, and the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Anding and Fengfanghe formations between the former two were missing. The Mesozoic fossil assemblages of the Ordos Basin are briefly introduced below, along with a composite column diagram (Fig. 2) depicting the Mesozoic strata of the Ordos Basin.
A new genus and species of Apsilocephalidae (Asiloidea) with elongated mouthparts from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber
Authors: FENG QI , SHIH CHUNGKUN , REN DONG , WANG YONG-JIE
Published: April 2024

A new genus and species, Creapsilocephala nagatomii gen. et sp. nov. assigned to the enigmatic family Apsilocephalidae, was described from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. The details of mouthpart structures in the new species are well preserved, revealing the non-piercing mouthparts that comprise an elongated labrum and tube-like hypopharynx, a pair of slender pointed laciniae, one-segmented palp, and prolonged labium. According to the analysis of mouthpart features, the food tube of the new species is constituted by the labrum and hypopharynx, which supports a nectar-feeding habit. This new finding enriches the species diversity of Cretaceous Apsilocephalidae and enhances the knowledge of the early biological features in this family.
Phimophorus chiodii sp. nov., first representative of a cryptic assassin bug subfamily from Dominican amber (Reduviidae: Phimophorinae) as revealed with traditional light microscopy and computed micro-tomographic reconstruction
Authors: BODERAU MATHIEU , NGÔ-MULLER VALÉRIE , PENG AN-CHENG , ENGEL MICHAEL S. , GARROUSTE ROMAIN , NEL ANDRÉ
Published: April 2024

The second fossil assassin bug of the cryptic subfamily Phimophorinae is described and figured from the mid-Miocene amber of the Dominican Republic, on the basis of traditional optical observations and a computed micro-tomography 3D reconstruction. The fossil can be attributed to the extant, monotypic genus Phimophorus Bergroth, which is currently known only from northern South America. The fossil extends the distribution of the lineage into the Caribbean of the Early Neogene and places it among a series of examples of arthropod groups that once thrived in Hispaniola but are today not native to the islands.
Deciphering plant insect interactions from the Bruay Formation (Carboniferous, Nord / Pas-De-Calais coal basin, France)
Authors: VALLOIS BRUNO , NEL ANDRÉ , RASTIER ALEXIS , ROMERO-LEBRON EUGENIA
Published: April 2024

Plant-animal interactions shed light on the ecology of the rich insect community from the middle Pennsylvanian basin of Northern France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais coal basin, Hauts-de-France). The data set derives from coal bed layers locally named the Bruay Formation and were collected on the slag heap. This work is a meta-analysis of the different types of damages caused by arthropods, especially insects, consisting of endophytic oviposition scars, holes, galls, bulges, and undetermined traces. These damage traces are associated with host plants belonging to Lycopsida, Medullosales, Pinopsida, and Polypodiopsida. The paleoenvironmental framework and mutualism within each community are also discussed. Based on the present discoveries in Northern France, these interactions may have occurred stratigraphically from Westphalian B (Anzin Formation) until to Westphalian C (Bruay Formation). Despite the limited fossilization potential and sampling difficulties due to slag heap bias, occurrences may be compared with other European localities of the Carboniferous age.
New spinicaudatan species of Middle–Upper Jurassic Yaojie Formation from Lanzhou, Gansu, northwest of China
Authors: XUE YAN , LI GANG
Published: April 2024

A new spinicaudatan species Punctatestheria yaojieensis Xue & Li sp. nov. is described from the Middle–Upper Jurassic Yaojie Formation at Yaojie in Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China. In addition to the only evenly distributed sparse puncta, the special ornamentation of Punctatestheria, the new species has setal remains on the growth lines in the ventral or middle part of the carapace, and puncta are arranged in a linear manner in the postero-ventral part of the carapace.
Application of Deep Learning Model and Machine Learning Detection Algorithm for Gastric Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
Authors: Huang Xiaohui , Fu Jing , Wang Xiaoyan , Yu Chaoxiu
Published: April 2024

This work focused on exploring the application value of machine learning detection (MLD) algorithm and evidence-based nursing (EBN) in the chemotherapy (CHET) for gastric cancer (GC) patients. 100 GC patients who were treated in the Guang’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital
and needed postoperative CHET were recruited and randomly assigned to experimental (Exp) and control (Ctrl) groups, each including 50 patients. All participants received adjuvant CHET after gastrectomy. During CHET, participants in the Ctrl group were given routine nursing, while the experimental
were given EBN in addition to routine nursing. Differences in self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depress scale (SDS), QLQ-C30 life core questionnaire, and adverse reaction (AR) evaluation criteria were compared for participants in different groups after nursing. At the same time,
all patients underwent computed tomography (CT) examination and all images were detected by MLD algorithm. After intervention, the SAS and SDS scores of patients in the Exp and Ctrl groups were 26.7±5.3 versus 33.6±6.61 and 30.07±5.58 versus 36.11±8.83, respectively.
The total health status (THS) score of patients was 5.59±1.17 in Exp group and 4.53±0.96 in Ctrl group, showing P < 0.05. After intervention, great differences were observed in nausea/vomiting, decreased white blood cells (WBC), decreased haemoglobin (Hb), peripheral
nerve paraesthesia (PNP), muscle and joint pain (MJP), hair loss, and other indicators between patients received EBN and routine nursing methods (P < 0.05). The MLD algorithm and EBN were of high application value in the nursing of CHET treatment for GC patients.
The Role and Mechanism of circAMOTL1 in Hypertensive Heart Failure
Authors: Mou Yanhong , Fan Xin , Sun Runmin , Zhang Xiaowei , Yu Jing
Published: April 2024

To explore the changes of circAMOTL1 expression, cell function and expression of fibrosis-related proteins in myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis model. Human cardiomyocytes AC16 were cultured, and the concentration of Ang II was firstly explored by CCK-8. After determining the optimal
dose of Ang II, AC16 cells were induced to construct an in vitro model of myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. CCK-8 was utilized to assess cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was performed to validate cell cycle and apoptosis. circAMOTL1, miR-330-3p, smad7, Col1a2 and Col3a1 genes expressions
were assessed by qRT-PCR. smad7, Col1a2 and Col3a1 proteins expressions were evaluated using Western blot and IF. FISH was performed to detect circAMOTL1 localization in cells. 10 μM Ang II was selected for subsequent experiments. Compared with control group, cell viability of the
Ang II group was significantly decreased, apoptosis was observably increased, circAMOTL1 and smad7 expressions were signally repressed, miR-330-3p, Col1a2 and Col3a1 expressions were notably increased. Both circAMOTL1 and miR-330-3p, miR-330-3p and smad7 had targeted binding sites. Overexpression
of circAMOTL1 promoted AC16 cells proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. In addition, overexpression of circAMOTL1 inhibited miR-330-3p and promoted smad7 expression. Overexpression of circAMOTL1 inhibited miR-330-3p and promoted smad7 expression. circAMOTL1 may be a potential target for treating
hypertensive heart failure.
Application of Lightweight Deep Learning Model-Based Shear Wave Elastic Imaging with Abdominal Probe to Diagnose Prostate Cancer: A Biomedical Approach
Authors: Xu Jing , Gao Shuai
Published: April 2024

We aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) model abdominal probe shear wave elastic imaging (SWE) in the perineal diagnosis and guided puncture biopsy of prostate cancer (PCa), and to provide reference for the clinical diagnosis of
PCa. 100 PCa patients were assigned to group I (malignant) and group II (benign), with 50 cases in each. Ultrasonic elastic imaging based on lightweight convolutional neural network denoising model was adopted for detection. In both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), there was
not a significant intergroup difference (P > 0.05). The levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and its free variant (fPSA) in group II were markedly lower (P < 0.05). Patients in group II had obviously more cystic components and fewer solid components. Patients with
hyperechogenicity was more in group II. Patients had clearly fewer irregular margins and outward margin spread in group II. Patients without focal hyperechogenicity and punctate hyperechogenicity was more in group II, and the number of calcifications in group II was less. Patients with type
0 and type I was more and patients with type IIa and type IIb was less in group II. The Emean level of patients in group II was clearly higher, and the Emax level and Esd level of patients in group II were clearly lower. The SI level of patients was clearly lower in group II TTP was higher
in group II (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis of abdominal probe SWE for transperineal diagnosis of PCa and guided puncture biopsy showed that internal echoes had the greatest OR and were associated with the occurrence of PCa. Ultrasonic elastic imaging index
based on the lightweight convolutional neural network denoising model can be used for the benign and malignant diagnosis of PCa patients.
Inhibitory Effects of Propolis Flavonoids on Migration and Invasion of Laryngeal Cancer Cell and Analysis of Related Signal Pathways
Authors: Yang Fengbo , Li Fengjiao , Chen Xing , Lv Ping , Xiao Ruhui , Ding Daxiong , Li Qian
Published: April 2024

Laryngeal cancer (LGC) is a malignant tumor that occurs in the larynx, and it is mainly treated through chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Nevertheless, the five-year survival rate for patients is poor. Bee propolis contains various bioactive compounds and abundant anti-tumor
active ingredients. Nevertheless, research on the use of propolis extracts for the treatment of LGC is relatively limited. This research aimed to demonstrate the inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts of propolis on migration (Mig) and invasion (Inv ) of LGC cells, as well as
the related signaling pathways. The effects of graded ethanol extraction of propolis on the proliferation (Pro), Inv, Mig, apoptosis (Apo), and related signaling pathways of Hep-2 cells were analyzed. Propolis was extracted using ethanol (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and
100%) for the graded extraction of crude propolis. The flavonoid content and yield of the extracts were determined. The effects of various concentrations of propolis flavonoids on the clearance of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, O2- radicals, and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)
(ABTS) radicals were evaluated, as well as their effects on the Pro inhibition of normal human pancreatic ductal epithelial (hTERT-HPNE) cells. Hep-2 cells of LGC were cultured using media containing 0, 25, 50, and 100 μmol/L propolis flavonoids. The cell Pro activity,
Inv, Mig, Apo, and expression of PI3K/Akt pathway-related proteins were evaluated using CCK-8 assay, Transwell chamber assay, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) double staining method, and Western blotting, respectively. It was revealed that extraction with 50% ethanol
solution yielded a higher content and yield of flavonoids, which were 51.20% and 7.42%, respectively. As the concentration of propolis flavonoids increased, the clearance rates of DPPH, O2-, and ABTS radicals, as well as the inhibition of hTERT-HPNE Pro, gradually
increased. The maximum clearance rates were 84.1%, 26.6%, and 92.3%, respectively, while the maximum cell Pro inhibition rate was only 8.6%. Relative to the 0 μmol/L propolis flavonoid treatment group, the Hep-2 cells treated with 25, 50, and 100 μmol/L propolis
flavonoids exhibited decreased cell Pro activity, reduced number of invasive and migratory cells, increased Apo rate, decreased PI3K and p-Akt proteins, and demonstrated a concentration-dependent effect (P < 0.05). In summary, the extraction with 50% ethanol solution resulted
in a higher yield of flavonoids. Propolis flavonoids demonstrated marked antioxidant activity and did not cause damage to normal hTERT-HPNE cells. They exhibited inhibitory effects on the Pro, Inv, and Mig of Hep-2 cells in LGC, and promoted cell Apo. These effects
may be associated with PI3K/Akt signaling inhibition.
Effect of Levobupivacaine Hydrochloride-Loaded Nanospheres on Delayed Cerebral Vasospasm Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rabbits
Authors: Fang Mengke , Chen Li , Lu Shengqiang
Published: April 2024

This research was aimed to analyze the mechanism of action of levobupivacaine hydrochloride-loaded nanospheres on delayed cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Levobupivacaine hydrochloride-loaded nanospheres (LevoBPV Hcl/PLGA) were prepared using the solvent evaporation
methodology, with the raw material as a control. The blood drug concentrations were detected by HPLC after subcutaneous and subarachnoid administration in experimental rabbits. Forty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned into Sham group, SAH group, LevoBPV Hcl group (10 mg/kg),
and LevoBPV Hcl/PLGA group (10 mg/kg), with 10 rabbits in each group. The SAH model was induced using the double blood injection methodology combined with internal carotid artery ligation. Brain tissue samples were collected on day 7 for pathological characterization, determination of neuronal
apoptosis, and measurement of basilar artery diameter and area. The levels of oxidative stress factors (superoxide (SOD), malondiadehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)) and vasoconstrictor factors (nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1)) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were detected
using assay kits. The results revealed that the drug loading capacity of LevoBPV Hcl/PLGA was 29.13%, encapsulation efficiency was 87.09%, and the average particle size was 81.43 μm. Under the same dosage, both subcutaneous and subarachnoid administration of LevoBPV Hcl/PLGA exhibited
two concentration peaks in the blood drug concentration, with lower concentration values versus LevoBPV Hcl group, and a longer average residence time than LevoBPV Hcl group (P < 0.05). Relative to Sham group, SAH group exhibited decreased diameter and area of the basilar artery,
reduced neuronal density, increased neuronal apoptosis rate, decreased levels of SOD, GSH-Px, and NO in the CSF, and increased levels of MDA and ET-1 (P < 0.05). Moreover, LevoBPV Hcl group and LevoBPV Hcl/PLGA group showed increased diameter and area of the basilar artery, higher
neuronal density, reduced neuronal apoptosis rate, elevated levels of SOD, GSH-Px, and NO in the CSF, and decreased levels of MDA and ET-1 versus SAH group (P < 0.05). The LevoBPV Hcl/PLGA group exhibited increased diameter and area of the basilar artery, higher neuronal density,
reduced neuronal apoptosis rate, elevated levels of SOD, GSH-Px, and NO in the CSF, and decreased levels of MDA and ET-1 versus LevoBPV Hcl group (P < 0.05). In short, LevoBPV HCl-loaded nanospheres can prolong the in vivo residence time of subcutaneous and subarachnoid administration,
reduce the maximum blood drug concentration, and enhance drug safety. Furthermore, these nanospheres can inhibit neuronal apoptosis following SAH, regulate oxidative stress and vasoconstrictor factor expression, thereby suppressing the occurrence of delayed cerebral vasospasm and alleviating
brain tissue damage.
Preparation, Pharmacokinetics and Anti-Liver Injury Pharmacodynamic Study of Esculin Loaded Liposomes Modified by TPGS
Authors: Shi Feng , Sun Weigang , Yin Wenxiong , Xia Xiaoli , Adu-Frimpong Michael , Cao Xia , Ji Hao , Wang Qilong , Xu Ximing , Yu Jiangnan
Published: April 2024

In this study, Esculin (ES)-loaded liposomes modified with TPGS (ES-TPGS-Ls) were successfully prepared to enhance bioavailability and hepatoprotective activity of this coumarin glucoside. We utilize thin-film dispersion to fabricate ES-TPGS-Ls. The size, polydispersed index (PDI),
Zeta potential (Z-potential), morphology, and encapsulation effectiveness of the liposomes were all evaluated afterwards. The storage stability of ES-TPGS-Ls at 4 °C was investigated. The findings showed that ES-TPGS-Ls had spherical nanoparticles with 194.47±8.54 nm as the mean
size, 0.239±0.011 as PDI, and −21.16±0.97) mV as Z-potential coupled with encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 91.85±0.44%. Storage stability of liposomes at 4 °C was maintained within one week. Pharmacokinetic study showed that the relative oral bioavailability
of ES-TPGS-Ls increased by 2.38 times. Pharmacodynamic studies showed that the developed liposomes could enhance the hepatoprotective activity of ES. Overall, the ES-TPGS-Ls significantly enhanced the bioavailability of esculin, thereby enhancing the in vivo hepatoprotective effect
of ES.
Unsteady Natural Convection of Dusty Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Between a Wavy and Circular Cylinder with Heat Generation
Authors: Paul Neloy , Saha Litan Kumar , Roy Nepal Chandra
Published: April 2024

This work investigates the flow of two-phase dusty unsteady natural convection of water-based hybrid nanofluid (HNF) in a wavy cylinder with internal heat generation. The equations are changed using coordinate transformations to construct the problem’s physical domain after that
the resulting equations are solved using the finite difference method. Higher Rayleigh number and volume fraction of nanoparticles boost the vortex and the heat transfer. On the other hand, the heat generation parameter enhances the heat within the enclosure. Eventually, generated heat surpasses
the temperature of the hot wall and decreases the rate of heat transfer from the inner wall. About a 16.39% increment in the average Nusselt number is observed at the hot wall for 6% HNF when undulations are five, and about 92.79% increment is found when the density ratio is 1000. This study
can predict two-dimensional flow patterns; however, the model is only reliable for modest density fluctuations and constant thermo-physical parameters. The impact of dust particles in natural convection within a wavy enclosure is little known, therefore, the current investigation is to analyze
the effects of dust particles and internal heat generation of a hybrid nanofluid’s flow in a wavy enclosure. Here, Cu–Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid is used as the working fluid because of low cost, availability of the materials, and easy process of preparation.
Study of Thermal Instability in Magneto-Convection Nanoliquid Confined within Hele-Shaw Cell Under Three Types of Thermal/Gravity Modulation
Authors: Rai S. N. , Bhadauria B. S. , Kumar Anish , Kumar Awanish
Published: April 2024

In the present paper, we investigate a thermal instability of magneto-convection in an electrically conducting nanoliquid confined within Hele-Shaw cell, subjected to an applied time-periodic boundary thermal (ATBT) or gravitational modulation (ATGM), and surrounded by a constant vertical
magnetic field. A steady portion and a time-dependent oscillatory portion constitute the temperature gradient seen between liquid layer’s walls in the context of ATBT. In this scenario, both walls’ temperatures are modulated. The liquid layer oscillation can be used to realise
the externally applied time periodic component of the gravity field that is present in the ATGM problem. The perturbation is described in terms of the power series of the assumed-small convective amplitude. The impact of modulations on heat/mass transfer are examined utilising Ginzburg-Landau
(GBL) approach. The impact of different parameters on the transportation of mass and heat is also explored. Additionally, we observe that gravitational modulation is very much effective than thermal modulation. Lewis-number, modified-diffusivity ratio and concentration Rayleigh-number increase
heat and mass transport in the system.
Magnetic Dipole and Mixed Convective Effect on Boundary Layer Flow of Ferromagnetic Micropolar Hybrid Nanofluid
Authors: Nidhi  , Kumar Lokendra
Published: April 2024

An area of significant interest in research involves the study of magnetic ferrofluids with nanoparticles suspensions, owing to their wide array of applications. A powerful magnetic dipole, in conjunction with an applied magnetic field, enhances the saturation of magnetic particles.
Keeping in mind, the endeavor aims to analyze the flow of a ferromagnetic micropolar hybrid nanofluid as it passes a shrinking wall considering the impact of mixed convection and magnetic dipole. Apposite similarity transformations are utilized to transform the partial differential equations
into the relevant nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The acquired system of differential equations is tackled through the effective shooting method to find a solution. The RKF45 method in MATLAB is employed to numerically solve this system of equations. By providing two distinct initial
guesses, the analysis reveals the presence of dual solutions. The comparison with earlier published results in the literature shows a high level of agreement. Critical values for the shrinking parameter and suction/injection parameter have been obtained. The study delves into the impact of
emerging variables on various aspects, including temperature profile, velocity profile, microrotation velocity profile, skin friction coefficient, and the reduced Nusselt number through the presentation of graphs and tables. The significant outcome of the current endeavor is that the solution
to the flow problem is feasible for a range of both s and χ and beyond which there exists no solution. It also clarifies that the flow requires a considerable amount of suction to be feasible. The current effort also shows that the increasing value of both s and χ
decreases reduced Nusselt number √1/(Re)Nu and increases skin friction coefficient √ReCf.
Numerical Study of Convection Heat Transfer with Confinement Around a Square Cylinder Submerged in a Water-Based Nanofluid
Authors: Kaur Jaspinder , Tiwari Atharva , Ratan Jatinder Kumar , Tiwari Anurag Kumar
Published: April 2024

The novelty of this work lies in the comprehensive investigation of Forced convection heat transfer a square cylinder inclined at 45° using CuO nanofluid employing a single phase approach. A heated square cylinder with constant wall temperature boundary condition, subjected to a
flowing nanofluid between two parallel walls, undergoes a laminar, steady and two-dimensional flow within a Reynolds number range of 1 < Re > 40. To obtain solutions for the flow and energy transfer, a Finite Element Method (FEM) is employed to numerically solve the governing
differential equations and boundary conditions. The objective of this work is to highlight the effects of Reynolds number (Re), confinement ratio (λ), volume concentration (Φ) and diameter of nanoparticles (dnp) on fluid flow and heat transfer
characteristics of nanofluid. To capture the effect of Φ and dnp in nanofluid, the thermo-physical-properties of CuO nanofluid are determined experimentally. In the results, at Re = 40, a secondary separation zone (recirculation zone) is observed near the
surface of the channel wall. The drag coefficient value rises as the Φ increases and the vdnp decreases, regardless of other factors such as Re and λ. Conversely, as the confinement ratio and volume fraction of nanoparticles increase, the
average Nusselt number also rises, while maintaining a constant value of Re and dnp. In contrast, the size of the nanoparticles exhibits an inverse relationship with the average Nusselt number. The study contributes to the understanding of nanofluid behavior and provides
practical insights for applications, supported by correlations and Artificial Neural Network predictions (Parrales et al.).
A Comment on the Utility of Nanofluids: Interactive Influence of Nanoparticle Size and Amount at Varying Temperatures
Authors: Carpinlioglu Melda Ozdinc , Kaplan Mahmut
Published: April 2024

Interactive influence of nanoparticle diameter, dp and volumetric fraction, φ on major thermophysical characteristics of relative thermal conductivity, kr and dynamic viscosity, μr of nanofluids as a primary function
of temperature, T is determined to assess the utility of nanofluids. In the case study common base fluids of water (W) and ethylene glycol (EG) are used. Spherical shape Ag and Al2O3 with a selected dp range of (20–100 nm) are used in the
covered φ range of (0.25–5%). Influence of T is set by considering T = 293 K and T = 323 K. The referred data ranges are applied for the calculation of kr and μr of nanofluids Ag–W, EG and Al2O3–W,
EG in reference to a calculation procedure provided previously by the authors. The calculated magnitudes of kr and μr are expressed as a function of dp, φ and T. The results reveal that kr and μr
rise dramatically as dp decrease from 40 nm to 20 nm and φ increase from 2% to 5% at T = 293 K and T = 323 K. The calculations confirm the relevant literature that the required pumping power increase is associated with low dp and
high φ. Therefore, here exists limiting magnitudes of dp, φ as a function of T for the effective utilization of nanoparticles in base fluids. In order to generalize the fact non-dimensional parameters of Prandtl Number, Pr and Reynolds Number,
Re should be referred due to the definitions of each depend on thermophysical characteristics and the cited dp, φ and T. The calculations herein have the validity range of Re and Pr of base fluids as 0.0002–0.032 and 3.58–210.30, respectively.
Land-Use Feedback under Global Warming—A Transition from Radiative to Hydrological Feedback Regime
Authors: Singh Arshdeep , Kumar Sanjiv , Chen Liang , Maruf Montasir , Lawrence Peter , Lo Min-Hui
Published: April 2024

This study examines the effects of land-use (LU) change on regional climate, comparing historical and future scenarios using seven climate models from phase 6 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project–Land Use Model Intercomparison Project experiments. LU changes are evaluated relative to land-use conditions during the preindustrial climate. Using the Community Earth System Model, version 2–Large Ensemble (CESM2-LE) experiment, we distinguish LU impacts from natural climate variability. We assess LU impact locally by comparing the impacts of climate change in neighboring areas with and without LU changes. Further, we conduct CESM2 experiments with and without LU changes to investigate LU-related climate processes. A multimodel analysis reveals a shift in LU-induced climate impacts, from cooling in the past to warming in the future climate across midlatitude regions. For instance, in North America, LU’s effect on air temperature changes from −0.24° ± 0.18°C historically to 0.62° ± 0.27°C in the future during the boreal summer. The CESM2-LE shows a decrease in LU-driven cooling from −0.92° ± 0.09°C in the past to −0.09° ± 0.09°C in future boreal summers in North America. A hydroclimatic perspective linking LU and climate feedback indicates LU changes causing soil moisture drying in the midlatitude regions. This contrasts with hydrology-only views showing wetter soil conditions due to LU changes. Furthermore, global warming causes widespread drying of soil moisture across various regions. Midlatitude regions shift from a historically wet regime to a water-limited transitional regime in the future climate. This results in reduced evapotranspiration, weakening LU-driven cooling in future climate projections. A strong linear relationship exists between soil moisture and evaporative fraction in midlatitudes.

Significance Statement

Land–atmosphere feedback involving soil moisture can increase local temperature and affect how land-use (LU) change impacts manifest in a warming climate. Conversely, an increased surface reflectance due to LU change can decrease local temperature in the midlatitude regions. Further, the LU change signal is often mixed with the internal climate variability, making it harder to separate. This study uses a novel technique to separate LU change impact from other climate forcing in the latest generation of climate and Earth system models. In the future climate, soil moisture drying lessens the cooling impact. A large-ensemble climate experiment analysis confirms a significant weakening of the LU-driven cooling impact in the midlatitudes. Both LU and climate changes exacerbate soil moisture drying, leading to a shift toward a water-limited system where hydrological feedback becomes more influential than radiative feedback.
Anticipation by redress: Transforming African mega-infrastructure futures
Authors: Cupers Kenny
Published: April 2024

Critical scholarship has interpreted ongoing mega-projects of infrastructural expansion in Africa through the lens of colonialism. Deepening this scholarship, the article questions analytical models of global coloniality or colonial continuity. To avoid reductive accounts of the ways individuals and collectives engage mega-infrastructure projects, the article proposes an alternative model of historically informed analysis, more attentive to the contingent refractions of colonial relations in geographies of insurgency, dispossession, and racialization. In particular, the article analyzes how inheritances of the Kenyatta era (1963–1978) inform communities’ engagement with Kenya’s ongoing Lamu Port–South Sudan–Ethiopia Transport (LAPSSET) development corridor project. This analysis shows how the promise of infrastructure-led development reactivates violent histories of displacement and forced resettlement. These histories orient collective efforts to transform state-sanctioned infrastructural futures, framing anticipation as a mode of redress. Closer attention to the ways in which historical experience shapes collective subjectivity and everyday agency, the article concludes, will allow scholars to develop more situated and more accountable analyses of the coloniality of infrastructure.

Abstract (Kiswahili):Usomi muhimu umefasiri miradi mikubwa inayoendelea ya upanuzi wa miundombinu barani Afrika kupitia lenzi ya ukoloni. Kukuza na kuthibitisha usomi huu, karatasi inahoji mifano ya uchanganuzi ya ukoloni wa kimataifa au mwendelezo wa ukoloni. Ili kuepuka akaunti za kupunguza jinsi ambavyo watu binafsi na vikundi hushiriki miradi mikubwa ya miundombinu, karatasi inapendekeza mtindo mbadala wa uchanganuzi wenye taarifa za kihistoria, makini zaidi kwa miondoko ya kawaida ya uhusiano wa kikoloni katika jiografia ya uasi, unyang'anyi na ubaguzi wa rangi. Hasa, jarida hilo linachanganua jinsi urithi wa enzi ya Kenyatta (1963-1978) unavyofahamisha ushirikiano wa jamii na mradi wa ukanda wa maendeleo wa Kenya wa Bandari ya Lamu–Sudan Kusini–Ethiopia Transport (LAPSSET). Uchambuzi huu unaonyesha jinsi ahadi ya maendeleo inayoongozwa na miundombinu inavyowezesha upya historia za vurugu za watu kuhama na kulazimishwa kupata makazi mapya. Historia hizi huelekeza juhudi za pamoja za kubadilisha hali ya baadaye ya miundombinu iliyoidhinishwa na serikali, na kutunga matarajio kama njia ya kurekebisha. Uangalifu wa karibu zaidi wa njia ambazo uzoefu wa kihistoria unaunda utii wa pamoja na wakala wa kila siku, karatasi inahitimisha, itaruhusu wasomi kukuza uchanganuzi uliowekwa zaidi na wa kuwajibika zaidi wa ukoloni wa miundombinu.