bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical Composition and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Artemisia judaica L. Essential Oil from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsharif Bashaer , Bashir Yasmin , Boylan Fabio
Published: June 2024

Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses were conducted on essential oil extracted from Saudi Arabian Artemisia judaica L. (A. judaica) aerial parts, resulting in the identification of 58 constituents, representing 93.0% of the total oil composition. The oil primarily consisted of monoterpenes (38.6%), sesquiterpenes (14.1%), and other compounds such as ethyl esters and cyclic ketones (40.3%). The main components identified were piperitone (16.5%), ethyl cinnamate (12.9%), and camphor (9.7%). Multivariate statistical analyses (MVAs), including principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) analysis, were employed to compare the chemical makeup of this oil with 20 other A. judaica oils from various regions. The study revealed distinct clusters, highlighting unique chemotypes and geographic variations. Particularly, the oil from the current study demonstrated a specialized chemical profile with significant concentrations of specific compounds, contributing significantly to its distinctiveness. Further cytotoxicity testing on RAW264.7 macrophages suggested that concentrations below 20 μg/mL of A. judaica oil are suitable for future pharmacological investigations. This study provides valuable insights into the chemical diversity, geographic variations, and potential biomedical applications of these essential oils.
Ab Initio Electronic, Magnetic, and Optical Properties of Fe Phthalocyanine on Cr2O3(0001)
Authors: Marino Marco , Molteni Elena , Achilli Simona , Onida Giovanni , Fratesi Guido
Published: June 2024

The organic molecules adsorbed on antiferromagnetic surfaces can produce interesting interface states, characterized by charge transfer mechanisms, hybridization of molecular-substrate orbitals, as well as magnetic couplings. Here, we apply an ab initio approach to study the adsorption of Fe phthalocyanine on stoichiometric Cr2O3(0001). The molecule binds via a bidentate configuration forming bonds between two opposite imide N atoms and two protruding Cr ones, making this preferred over the various possible adsorption structures. In addition to the local modifications at these sites, the electronic structure of the molecule is weakly influenced. The magnetic structure of the surface Cr atoms shows a moderate influence of molecule adsorption, not limited to the atoms in the close proximity of the molecule. Upon optical excitation at the onset, electron density moves toward the molecule, enhancing the ground state charge transfer. We investigate this movement of charge as a mechanism at the base of light-induced modifications of the magnetic structure at the interface.
An Editorial for the Special Issue “Actinoids in Biologic Systems and Catalysis”
Authors: Wang Dongqi
Published: June 2024

The recent few decades witnessed a quick growth in our knowledge in actinoid chemistry, particularly in actinoids’ behaviors in catalysis and biologic systems [...]
Autoethnography of Living with a Sleep Robot
Authors: Biswas Bijetri , Dooley Erin , Coulthard Elizabeth , Roudaut Anne
Published: June 2024

Soft robotics is used in real-world clinical situations, including surgery, rehabilitation, and diagnosis. However, several challenges remain to make soft robots more viable, especially for clinical interventions such as improving sleep quality, which impacts physiological and mental health. This paper presents an autoethnographic account of the experience of sleeping with a companion robot (Somnox), which mimics breathing to promote better sleep. The study is motivated by the key author’s experience with insomnia and a desire to better understand how Somnox is used in different social contexts. Data were collected through diary entries for 16 weeks (8 weeks without, 8 weeks with) and analysed thematically. The findings indicate improved sleep and observations about the relationship developed with the companion robot, including emotional connection and empathy for the technology. Furthermore, Somnox is a multidimensional family companion robot that can ease stomach discomfort and stress, reduce anxiety, and provide holistic care.
Increased Early Postoperative Complication Rate after Osteoporotic Hip Fracture in Patients with Low 25 (OH) Vitamin D Levels
Authors: Fink Andrea , Puchwein Paul , Fahrleitner-Pammer Astrid , Eder-Halbedl Michael , Bernhardt Gerwin Alexander
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the association of preoperative 25-hydroxy (25 (OH)) vitamin D levels with postoperative complications in osteoporotic hip fracture patients following surgery. We hypothesized that patients with low concentrations of 25 (OH) vitamin D might have an increased risk of developing adverse outcomes. Between January 2019 and December 2020, a retrospective observational study was conducted, including low-energy fragility fractures at the proximal femur. Regarding preoperative 25 (OH) vitamin D levels, patients were divided into two groups (<30 ng/mL and ≥30 ng/mL). Early and late postoperative complications were assessed and graded according to the Clavien–Dindo classification system. Logistic regression analysis was performed to demonstrate the association between preoperative 25 (OH) vitamin D levels (<30 ng/mL, ≥30 ng/mL) and postoperative complications after adjusting for age and sex. Of 314 patients, 222 patients (70.7%) had a 25 (OH) vitamin D level of <30 ng/mL. The mean serum 25 (OH) vitamin D level was 22.6 ng/mL (SD 13.2). In 116 patients (36.9%), postoperative complications were observed, with the most occurring in the short term (95 patients, 30.2%). Late postoperative complications were present in 21 patients (6.7%), most graded as Clavien I (57.1%). Logistic regression analysis identified a low vitamin D level (<30 ng/mL) as an independent risk factor for early postoperative complications (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.14–3.73, p = 0.016), while no significant correlation was found in late complications (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.40–2.95, p = 0.879). In conclusion, preoperative 25 (OH) vitamin D serum level might be an independent predictor for early postoperative complications. However, future studies are warranted to determine risk factors for long-term complications and establish appropriate intervention strategies.
Assessment of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor on Retinal Structure and Visual Function in Rodent Models of Optic Nerve Crush
Authors: Taniguchi Takazumi , Sharif Najam A. , Ota Takashi , Farjo Rafal A. , Rausch Rebecca
Published: June 2024

The effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and visual function were assessed in rat and mouse models of optic nerve (ON) crush. ONs were crushed on Day 1, followed by intravitreal injections of a vehicle or BDNF on Days 1 and 8. The spatial frequency threshold was measured using optokinetic tracking on Days 7 and 14. On Day 15, ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness was quantified using optical coherence tomography. Furthermore, all eyes were enucleated for immunohistochemical analysis of the surviving RGC somas and axons. BDNF significantly reduced the RGC soma in mice and increased GCC thickness in intact eyes, with apparent axonal swelling in both species. It displayed significantly greater RGC soma survival in eyes with ON injury, with moderately thicker axonal bundles in both species and a thicker GCC in rats. Visual function was significantly reduced in all ON-crushed animals, regardless of BDNF treatment. Thus, we obtained a comprehensive analysis of the structural and functional impact of BDNF in intact and ON-crushed eyes in two rodent models. Our results provide a foundation for further BDNF evaluation and the design of preclinical studies on neuroprotectants using BDNF as a reference positive control.
Correction: Shrewsbury, S.B. The Upper Nasal Space: Option for Systemic Drug Delivery, Mucosal Vaccines and “Nose-to-Brain”. Pharmaceutics 2023, 15, 1720
Authors: Shrewsbury Stephen B.
Published: June 2024

In the original publication [...]
Bioactivity and Antibacterial Analysis of Plasticized PLA Electrospun Fibers Reinforced with MgO and Mg(OH)2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Leonés Adrián , Salaris Valentina , Peponi Laura , Lieblich Marcela , Muñoz-Bonilla Alexandra , Fernández-García Marta , López Daniel
Published: June 2024

In this work, we focused on the bioactivity and antibacterial behavior of PLA-based electrospun fibers, efibers, reinforced with both MgO and Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles, NPs. The evolution of PLA-based efibers was followed in terms of morphology, FTIR, XRD, and visual appearance. The bioactivity was discussed in terms of hydroxyapatite growth after 28 days, considered as T28, of immersion in simulated body fluid, SBF. In particular, the biomineralization process evidenced after immersion in SBF started at T14 in both systems. The number of precipitated crystals increased by increasing the amount of both NPs. The chemical composition of the precipitated crystals was also characterized in terms of the Ca/P molar ratio after T28 of immersion in SBF, indicating the presence of hydroxyapatite on the surface of both reinforced efibers. Moreover, a reduction in the average diameter of the PLA-based efibers was observed, reaching a maximum reduction of 46 and 60% in the average diameter of neat PLA and PLA:OLA efibers, respectively, after 28 days of immersion in SBF. The antibacterial behavior of the MgO and Mg(OH)2 NPs in the PLA-based electrospun fibers was tested against Escherichia coli, E. coli, as the Gram-negative bacteria, and Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus, as the Gram-positive bacteria, obtaining the best antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria E. coli of 21 ± 2% and 34 ± 6% for the highest concentration of MgO and Mg(OH)2 NPs, respectively.
An Approach to a Silver Conductive Ink for Inkjet Printer Technology
Authors: Kholuiskaya Svetlana N. , Siracusa Valentina , Mukhametova Gulnaz M. , Wasserman Luybov A. , Kovalenko Vladislav V. , Iordanskii Alexey L.
Published: June 2024

Silver-based metal–organic decomposition inks composed of silver salts, complexing agents and volatile solvents are now the subject of much research due to the simplicity and variability of their preparation, their high stability and their relatively low sintering temperature. The use of this type of ink in inkjet printing allows for improved cost-effective and environmentally friendly technology for the production of electrical devices, including flexible electronics. An approach to producing a silver salt-based reactive ink for jet printing has been developed. The test images were printed with an inkjet printer onto polyimide substrates, and two-stage thermal sintering was carried out at temperatures of 60 °C and 100–180 °C. The structure and electrical properties of the obtained conductive lines were investigated. As a result, under optimal conditions an electrically conductive film with low surface resistance of approximately 3 Ω/square can be formed.
Electrochemical Characteristics of Microbial Fuel Cells Operating with Various Food Industry Wastewaters
Authors: Bampos Georgios , Gargala Zoe , Apostolopoulos Ilias , Antonopoulou Georgia
Published: June 2024

In the present work, four different wastewaters from the food industry were used in parallel, in four identical dual-chamber MFCs, with graphite granules as anodic electrodes. Specifically, a mixture of hydrogenogenic reactor effluents (effluents from a dark fermentation reactor fed with cheese whey (CW), for hydrogen production), CW, and a mixture of expired fruit juices and wastewater from the confectionery industry were simultaneously used in MFCs to evaluate the effect of the type of effluent/wastewater on their efficiency. An electrochemical characterization was performed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements under open- (OCP) and closed-circuit conditions, at the beginning and end of the operating cycle, and the internal resistances were determined and compared. The results showed that the highest OCP value, as well as the highest power density (Pmax) and Coulombic efficiency (εcb) at the beginning of the operating cycle, was exhibited by the MFC, using a sugar-rich wastewater from the confectionery industry as substrate (sugar accounts for almost 92% of the organic content). This can be correlated with the low internal resistance extracted from the Nyquist plot at OCP. In contrast, the use of CW resulted in a lower performance in terms of OCP, εcb and Pmax, which could be correlated to the high internal resistance and the composition of CW, a substrate rich in lactose (disaccharide), and which also contains other substances (sugars account for almost 72% of its organic content, while the remaining 28% is made up of other soluble compounds).
Fulfillment, Salvation, and Mission: The Neo-Conservative Catholic Theology of Jewish–Christian Relations after Nostra Aetate
Authors: Mor Yitzhak
Published: June 2024

The neo-conservative Catholic movement, led by prominent figures like Richard John Neuhaus and Michael Novak, played a significant role in shaping Jewish–Christian relations in the United States following the Second Vatican Council. This article analyzes their theological understanding of Jews and Judaism, which combined an adoption of the Council’s conciliatory rhetoric with a relatively narrow interpretation of its teachings. By examining their views on key concepts such as “fulfillment”, salvation, and mission, the article highlights the complexities and tensions within the neo-conservative Catholic approach to interfaith dialogue and its relation to their broader goal of promoting religion in the American public sphere.
Lunar Lithium-7 Sensing (δ7Li): Spectral Patterns and Artificial Intelligence Techniques
Authors: Fernandez Julia , Fernandez Susana , Diez Enrique , Pinilla-Alonso Noemi , Pérez Saúl , Iglesias Santiago , Buendía Alejandro , Rodríguez Javier , de Cos Javier
Published: June 2024

Lithium, a critical natural resource integral to modern technology, has influenced diverse industries since its discovery in the 1950s. Of particular interest is lithium-7, the most prevalent lithium isotope on Earth, playing a vital role in applications such as batteries, metal alloys, medicine, and nuclear research. However, its extraction presents significant environmental and logistical challenges. This article explores the potential for lithium exploration on the Moon, driven by its value as a resource and the prospect of cost reduction due to the Moon’s lower gravity, which holds promise for future space exploration endeavors. Additionally, the presence of lithium in the solar wind and its implications for material transport across celestial bodies are subjects of intrigue. Drawing from a limited dataset collected during the Apollo missions (Apollo 12, 15, 16, and 17) and leveraging artificial intelligence techniques and sample expansion through bootstrapping, this study develops predictive models for lithium-7 concentration based on spectral patterns. The study areas encompass the Aitken crater, Hadley Rima, and the Taurus–Littrow Valley, where higher lithium concentrations are observed in basaltic lunar regions. This research bridges lunar geology and the formation of the solar system, providing valuable insights into celestial resources and enhancing our understanding of space. The data used in this study were obtained from the imaging sensors (infrared, visible, and ultraviolet) of the Clementine satellite, which significantly contributed to the success of our research. Furthermore, the study addresses various aspects related to statistical analysis, sample quality validation, resampling, and bootstrapping. Supervised machine learning model training and validation, as well as data import and export, were explored. The analysis of data generated by the Clementine probe in the near-infrared (NIR) and ultraviolet-visible (UVVIS) spectra revealed evidence of the presence of lithium-7 (Li-7) on the lunar surface. The distribution of Li-7 on the lunar surface is non-uniform, with varying concentrations in different regions of the Moon identified, supporting the initial hypothesis associating surface Li-7 concentration with exposure to solar wind. While a direct numerical relationship between lunar topography and Li-7 concentration has not been established due to morphological diversity and methodological limitations, preliminary results suggest significant economic and technological potential in lunar lithium exploration and extraction.
Uncharged Monolithic Carbon Fibers Are More Sensitive to Cross-Junction Compression than Charged
Authors: Syzoniuk Oleksandr , Banerji Saoni , Aabloo Alvo , Must Indrek
Published: June 2024

Textile-based wearable robotics increasingly integrates sensing and energy materials to enhance functionality, particularly in physiological monitoring, demanding higher-performing and abundant robotic textiles. Among the alternatives, activated carbon cloth stands out due to its monolithic nature and high specific surface area, enabling uninterrupted electron transfer and energy storage capability in the electrical double layer, respectively. Yet, the potential of monolithic activated carbon cloth electrodes (MACCEs) in wearables still needs to be explored, particularly in sensing and energy storage. MACCE conductance increased by 29% when saturated with Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte and charged from 0 to 0.375 V. MACCE was validated for measuring pressure up to 28 kPa at all assessed charge levels. Electrode sensitivity to compression decreased by 30% at the highest potential due to repulsive forces between like charges in electrical double layers at the MACCE surface, counteracting compression. MACCE’s controllable sensitivity decrease can be beneficial for garments in avoiding irrelevant signals and focusing on essential health changes. A MACCE charge-dependent sensitivity provides a method for assessing local electrode charge. Our study highlights controlled charging and electrolyte interactions in MACCE for multifunctional roles, including energy transmission and pressure detection, in smart wearables.
Methodological Selection of Optimal Features for Object Classification Based on Stereovision System
Authors: Tkaczyk Rafał , Madejski Grzegorz , Gradolewski Dawid , Dziak Damian , Kulesza Wlodek J.
Published: June 2024

With the expansion of green energy, more and more data show that wind turbines can pose a significant threat to some endangered bird species. The birds of prey are more frequently exposed to collision risk with the wind turbine blades due to their unique flight path patterns. This paper shows how data from a stereovision system can be used for an efficient classification of detected objects. A method for distinguishing endangered birds from common birds and other flying objects has been developed and tested. The research focused on the selection of a suitable feature extraction methodology. Both motion and visual features are extracted from the Bioseco BPS system and retested using a correlation-based and a wrapper-type approach with genetic algorithms (GAs). With optimal features and fine-tuned classifiers, birds can be distinguished from aeroplanes with a 98.6% recall and 97% accuracy, whereas endangered birds are delimited from common ones with 93.5% recall and 77.2% accuracy.
Principles and Sustainable Perspectives in the Preservation of Earthen Architecture from the Past Societies of the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Manzano-Fernández Sergio , Vegas López-Manzanares Fernando , Mileto Camilla , Cristini Valentina
Published: June 2024

In recent years, special attention has been paid to the lessons in sustainability offered by traditional and vernacular architecture, especially with regards to the promotion of both material and technical production in earthen construction. However, these systems were already widely found in past societies, whose legacy in terms of construction is presented through the complex cultural framework of archaeological sites, which require highly variable work that lacks professional consensus, usually transcending the adaptive and sustainable nature originally observed. This dual nature aids the social operation of these scenarios and can prematurely hinder earthen construction’s life cycle and didactic quality, cementing its status as a necessary reflection for the identification and prevention of future problems. In terms of sustainability, the aim of this study is to analyze the spectrum of architectural interventions used for the preservation of earthen structures in archaeological sites in the Iberian Peninsula, in natural, social, and economic terms, while examining their capacity to adapt in the face of adverse phenomena. For this reason, following bibliographical review and fieldwork collection, a database was established combining a series of architectural characteristics and a history of interventions in 85 selected archaeological sites conserved in situ. Following reflection on these sites, maps were drawn up to show the geographical scope of these principles and offer a general overview of perspectives, highlighting the aspects deserving of varying levels of attention, as well as proposing strategies for sustainable preservation which will allow its transmission over time for the scientific and cultural enjoyment of coming generations.
Comparison of the Impact of Different Economic Patterns on Population Inflows: Evidence from China’s Guangdong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang Provinces
Authors: Feng Ran , Huang Jianyuan , Huang Denghui
Published: June 2024

Between 2000 and 2022, China’s top three highest GDP provinces, Guangdong, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu, each having distinct economic structures, displayed different paths of development in their net population inflows. This prompts us to ponder how the economic patterns of the most economically developed regions impact population inflows. To answer the question, we first examine each economic pattern and use the entropy weight method to construct a comprehensive index to capture the features of each economic pattern in different regions. Then, we employ a two-way fixed effects model with panel data from the three provinces to conduct the empirical analysis. Moving forward, we expand the sample size to 10 provinces, including China’s eastern metropolitan areas, to extend the analysis beyond the previously selected regions and corroborate the consistency and robustness of our model. The results show that the Wenzhou pattern, featured primarily by the private sector, has the most impact on population inflows, followed by the Pearl River pattern, driven by an export-oriented economy. In contrast, the Sunan pattern, characterized by the collective economy, has an insignificant impact. We further dissect and determine the essential factors influencing population inflows within the three economic patterns and estimate the sustainability of the economic pattern via net population inflows. Our findings can provide insights for policy-makers to understand and utilize economic patterns in order to impact population inflows effectively. Specifically, we propose that the observable net population inflows can serve as an indicator to evaluate the sustainability of local economic patterns, thus providing another perspective on assessing the region’s economic development.
A Literature Review on the Relative Diagnostic Accuracy of Chest CT Scans versus RT-PCR Testing for COVID-19 Diagnosis
Authors: Al-Momani Hafez
Published: June 2024

Background: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the main technique used to identify COVID-19 from respiratory samples. It has been suggested in several articles that chest CTs could offer a possible alternate diagnostic tool for COVID-19; however, no professional medical body recommends using chest CTs as an early COVID-19 detection modality. This literature review examines the use of CT scans as a diagnostic tool for COVID-19. Method: A comprehensive search of research works published in peer-reviewed journals was carried out utilizing precisely stated criteria. The search was limited to English-language publications, and studies of COVID-19-positive patients diagnosed using both chest CT scans and RT-PCR tests were sought. For this review, four databases were consulted: these were the Cochrane and ScienceDirect catalogs, and the CINAHL and Medline databases made available by EBSCOhost. Findings: In total, 285 possibly pertinent studies were found during an initial search. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, six studies remained for analysis. According to the included studies, chest CT scans were shown to have a 44 to 98% sensitivity and 25 to 96% specificity in terms of COVID-19 diagnosis. However, methodological limitations were identified in all studies included in this review. Conclusion: RT-PCR is still the suggested first-line diagnostic technique for COVID-19; while chest CT is adequate for use in symptomatic patients, it is not a sufficiently robust diagnostic tool for the primary screening of COVID-19.
Correction: Kim et al. Estimates of the Surface Magnetic Field Strength of Radio Pulsars. Universe 2023, 9, 334
Authors:   Universe Editorial Office
Published: June 2024

The Universe Editorial Office would like to make the following correction regarding the Academic Editor listed for this published paper [...]
Short Communication: Understanding the Barriers to Cervical Cancer Prevention and HPV Vaccination in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Moshi Jobran M. , Sohaili Aarman , Moafa Hassan N. , Hakami Ahlam Mohammed S. , Mashi Mohsen M. , Thomas Pierre P. M.
Published: June 2024

Cervical cancer, along with other sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) conditions, poses a significant burden in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Despite the availability of effective preventive methods such as vaccinations, particularly against the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), awareness about such preventive methods and HPV vaccination remains alarmingly low in the KSA, even with governmental effort and support. While many women are aware of the risks, the uptake of the HPV vaccine remains below 10% (7.6%) at the country level. This highlights the urgent need for Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) at the community level to raise awareness, dispel misconceptions, and empower women to embrace vaccinations. Additionally, there is a need to revitalize the cancer registry system to better track and monitor cervical cancer cases. This short communication aims to map these barriers while identifying opportunities for impactful research. Drawing from the scientific literature, government reports, and expert insights, we highlight the challenges surrounding the tackling of HPV. By exploring diverse sources of knowledge, this paper not only highlights current obstacles but also proposes actionable solutions for future interventions.
Remission rates after complex treatment of depression using general magnetic therapy
Authors:   FSBEI of HE «Kuban State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Bakhmutsky I. N. ,   2SBHI «Specialized Clinical Psychiatric Hospital No. 1» of the Ministry of Health of the Krasnodar Territory, Kosenko V. G. ,   FSBEI of HE «Kuban State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Guba S. A. ,   SBHI «Specialized Clinical Psychiatric Hospital No. 1» of the Ministry of Health of the Krasnodar Territory, Bakhmutsky N. G. ,   FSBEI of HE «Kuban State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of Russia
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Objective. The study of remission rates after complex treatment of major depressive disorder using general magnetic therapy. Material and methods. Two groups of patients with depression were formed — control and main. In the control group, antidepressant therapy was used; in the main group, antidepressants were combined with general magnetotherapy. In the process of complex treatment, the patient was subjected to general exposure to a rotating magnetic field varying in amplitude over time, with an induction of 2.2 mT and a current frequency of 100 Hz, for 30 minutes. Remission was assessed 3 months after the end of therapy. Remission rates were assessed using the Hamilton (HDRS) and Montgomery-Asberg (MADRS) scales. Results and conclusion. After complex treatment in the main group of patients, remission was observed in 66.9 % (Hamilton scale) and 67.8 % (Montgomery-Asberg scale), in the control group, in 47.2 % and 45.8 %, respectively. Complete remission in the group of patients using general magnetic therapy in treatment was recorded in 50.9 % (Hamilton scale) and 52.8 % (Montgomery-Asberg scale), symptomatic remission in this group of patients corresponded to 49.1 % and 47.2 %. These indicators were significantly better than in the control group, where complete remission was, according to the scales, 38.0 % and 36.0 %, and symptomatic remission was 62.0 % and 64.0 %. The average score of residual symptoms when treating patients with antidepressants for symptomatic remission on the Hamilton scale was 6.2±1.47, and during complex treatment with general magnetotherapy — 2.72±0.51. When calculated on the Montgomery-Asberg scale for symptomatic remission during treatment with antidepressants, the average score of residual symptoms was 11.78 ± 2.78 and with complex therapy including general magnetotherapy — 11.71 ± 2.21.
Effect of pseudoprogression of vestibular schwannomas on dynamics of trigeminal and facial nerves dysfunction after stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors:   Department of Radiology, Radiotherapy, Radiation Hygiene and Radiation Safety named after Academicians A. S. Pavlov and F. G. Krotkov, FSBEI CPE Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ilyalov S. R.
Published: June 2024

The use of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the treatment of vestibular schwannomas (VS) is due to a high level of local control of tumor growth, a lower level of functional impairment, a relatively low cost of treatment compared to microsurgery, and the preservation of a high quality of life [1–7]. The development of post-radiation pseudoprogression of the VS can lead to increased compression of adjacent brain structures, including the trigeminal and facial nerves with the appearance of their irritation or lack of function. The purpose of the study: to investigate the effect of post-radiation pseudoprogression on the function of cranial nerves 5 and 7 after SRS. Material and methods. The analysis included 128 patients with 3 or more control MRIs and a follow-up period of 12 months and over, who had at least 3 control examinations by a neurologist and otoneurologist. The median clinical follow-up was 52 months. The analyzed patients (n=128) were divided into 2 main groups: group 1 (n=99) — without previous microsurgery (MS), group 2 (n=29) — previously operated patients. Results. Irritation of nerves 5 and 7 is observed after SRS for VS exclusively against the background of pseudoprogression. Persistent de novo facial nerve failure after SRS is a rare complication (0.9 %). Symptoms of dysfunction of the 5th and 7th nerves predominate in the group of large VS (stages C and D according to Hasegawa) (p<0.0001). The prolonged course of pseudoprogression determines a tendency to longer dysfunction of the cranial nerves, but does not affect the final result. Conclusion. Irritation of the 5th and 7th nerves, relieved by anticonvulsants, is not an indication for surgical removal of the tumor or re-irradiation, as it goes away on its own due to subsequent natural shrinkage of the tumor. However, the pharmacoresistant course of trigeminal neuralgia may be due to compression of the trigeminal nerve root between the tumor and petrous apex, and therefore subtotal tumor removal may be justified for root decompression.
in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2022: neurological deficit and the share of aggressive intracerebral hemorrhages
Authors:   FSBEI HE Kazan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Yachkurinskikh M. M. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch of the FSBEI CPE Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Khasanova D. R. ,   FSBEI HE Kazan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia; SAHI Interregional Clinical Diagnostic Center, Kazan,Russia, Bikmullin T. A. ,   SAHI Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch of the FSBEI CPE Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Danilov V. I. ,   FSBEI HE Kazan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia; SAHI Interregional Clinical Diagnostic Center, Kazan,Russia
Published: June 2024

The article presents the results of a study on neurological disorders in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hematomas in the Republic of Tatarstan and the proportion of aggressive intracerebral hematomas requiring surgical treatment. A retrospective multicenter study was conducted, including data of 1,127 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhages from 4 regional vascular centers and 14 primary vascular centers in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2022. Motor disorders were observed in 86.3 % of patients, speech disorders — in 73 %, general cerebral symptoms — in 86.1 %, eye movement disorders — in 17.1 %, vestibular disorders — in 7.5 %, bulbar disorders — in 7.3 %, visual disturbances — in 7 %, generalized seizures at the onset of the disease — in 5.5 %, and mental disorders — in 2.9 % of the patients. At the time of admission to the vascular center, 13.1 % of the patients with an aggressive intracerebral hemorrhage were considered potential candidates for surgical treatment, and within the next day after hospitalization, this figure was 10.9 %. The hospital mortality of patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhages with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or less upon admission was 4.7 times higher than that of patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of more than 8 points.
Differential diagnosis and issues of nosology of disorders with affective and psychotic symptoms: clinical observation
Authors:   FSAEI HE I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Sedelkova V. A. , Tikhonova Yu. G. ,   FSAEI HE I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Kinkulkina M. A. ,   FSAEI HE I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Efimochkina S. M. ,   FSAEI HE I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Khloponina M. D. ,   FSAEI HE I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Gotko Yu. S. ,   FSAEI HE I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
Published: June 2024

Based on the results of large-scale genomic studies, the psychotic continuum hypothesis suggests considering disorders characterized by primary psychotic symptoms as part of a single spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders and implies the existence of a gradient of severity between affective disorders and schizophrenia, with increasing severity of psychotic epsodes and deficits. The continuum hypothesis explains the existence of the previously controversial diagnosis of schizoaffectivedisorder (SAD), which combines clinical manifestations of both schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder: according to this hypothesis, schizoaffective disorder is assigned an intermediate position in the continuum. The common leading clinical criteria and genetic commonality on the one hand, and the absence of objective disease markers on the other significantly complicate the diagnostic search between the disorders with affective and psychotic symptoms, raising questions not only about their nosological relationships but also about the problem of finding methods of differentiation at early stages of disorder development. Promising tools for differential diagnosis include multifactorial analysis of parameters (genetic, clinical, and socio-demographic parameters, level of social functioning, response to prescribed psychopharmacotherapy), molecular phenotyping of profiles, and the search for laboratory, neuroimaging, and neurobiological markers of diseases. As of today, the main reliable approach in the differential diagnosis of these disorders remains the follow-up approach. The article presents a clinical case describing a 19‑year follow-up of a patient with clinically heterogeneous episodes of affective-delusional symptomatology combined with alcoholism and demonstrating the difficulty of diagnosing disorders with affective and psychotic manifestations, as well as the need for further research in this area.
THE EPISTEME OF “VISUALITY” IN COGNITIVE AND EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES
Authors: Kravchenko Alla
Published: June 2024

The statement of basic materials. A modern person is an active consumer of visual images, through which he/she forms his/her worldview and discourses. This leads to the search for new approaches to the presentation and assimilation of knowledge. As a result of involving visualisation in cognition, this or that problem situation was solved more productively. The formation of visual perception is directly influenced by the social environment, which determines the appropriate conditions of existence, influences the effect of cultural and linguistic traditions, and takes into account intellectual, emotional, and mental characteristics. The information boom caused by the development of technology and the availability of the internet is overloading humans with the sheer volume of information they must process. The cognitive sphere is inseparable from technological progress and is subject to all the innovations of the age, both in the use of these innovations and in their creation. Therefore, we are moving to a new epistemological interpretation of science, education, and the learning process. Consequently, it is necessary to focus on the issues of the formation of digital humanities, mosaic, and iconicity in the presentation of visual information, analysing the perception and processing of visual information, formation of visual literacy, visual thinking, and visual culture.
FORMATION OF STUDENTS' SCIENTIFIC OUTLOOK: SOCIO-CULTURAL PROJECTION
Authors: Kushniruk Svitlana , Matviienko Olena , Olefirenko Taras
Published: June 2024

The research objective. To create and implement in the educational process the methods of implementing the conditions for the formation of the scientific worldview of students under the correct influence of the social projection of students.
The statement of basic materials. At the current stage of the development of our society, the formation of the scientific outlook of students is an extremely important topic. Its importance lies in the fact that the higher education system should provide future specialists with knowledge, correct orientations, and stable views. An important and effective tool is social projection, which provides the development of personal qualities and communication skills necessary for productive social interaction and self-realization. In its structure, we distinguish four interrelated components: motivational and valuable (participation in social relations, interactions); cognitive and informational (knowledge of social reality, norms and values of modern society); personalreflexive (necessary for constructive interaction and self-realization in modern society); communicative and active (to develop the ability of constructive social interaction).
RÉGINALD GARRIGOU-LAGRANGE: THE POLEMIC AGAINST HENRI BERGSON AND MAURICE BLONDEL
Authors: Shymanovych Andrii
Published: June 2024

The statement of basic materials. H. Bergson did not associate himself with the Church at all, and M. Blondel was a sincere and devout Catholic, but both of them barely knew enough about the basic essentials of the Thomist tradition. For Bergson the concepts of discursive intelligence were not related to being; their function was merely practical. Instead, Blondel’s philosophy was formed in a pushback from (1) post-Kantian idealism with its highly radical anti-metaphysicalism and skepticism concerning the human possibility of knowing external, extramental entities (“things in themselves”), as well as (2) from Friedrich Schleiermacher’s pessimism about the capacity of the speculative mind to know God and his emphasis on the fundamental importance of subjective religious sensibility.
Conclusions. It has been established that Garrigou-Lagrange’s sincere devotion to Thomistic canons of thought did not prevent the theologian from indirectly, episodically, and implicitly relying on sources that are not characteristic of the Thomist tradition. Now it is difficult to deny that Garrigou-Lagrange’s philosophical and theological concept is brilliantly thought out, strictly logical, internally consistent, and precisely in view of all the mentioned factors, his concept is rationally more acceptable than any form of intuitionism, phenomenological reduction, and philosophy of life with a revision of the traditional understanding of truth.
METHODOLOGY OF THE RESEARCH OF SOCIAL COHESION IN CONTAMPORARY FOREIGN SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE
Authors: Kolesnichenko Maksym
Published: June 2024

Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. We note that compared to the number of works dedicated to the phenomenon of “social cohesion” in general, their list, which is specifically related to research methodology, is not so impressive. This experience was formed by the works of such researchers as Caroline Beauvais, Jane Jenson they analyzed the state of research on the phenomenon of social cohesion in Canada and the possibilities of its measurement; as R. Berger-Schmidt, who singled out the principles of measuring social cohesion; like Leif Braaten, who proposed a multidimensional model for elucidating group cohesion; as a group of scientists Georgi Dragolov, Zsóáfia Ignácz, Jan Lorenz, Jan Delhey, Klaus Boehnke who, comparing the application of various methods of measuring social cohesion in different countries, derived several generalizing principles of this measurement; as experts in social cohesion research methodology Xavier Fonseca, Stephan Lukosch, Frances Brazier, who reviewed its most common concepts based on numerous international publications; as David Schiefer David and Yolanda van der Noll, who proposed measuring social cohesion based on three key indicators: social relations, identification with a geographical unit, orientation to the common good; as Fernando Rajulton, Zenaida Ravanera, and Beaujot Roderic presented models for measuring social cohesion based on summarizing data from the Canadian National Survey etc. The research objective. Relying on the works of foreign scientists of the phenomenon of “social cohesion”, primarily from the USA and Western European countries, who have accumulated a sufficiently thorough experience in this area, reproduce the course of scientific discourse regarding the methodology of researching the phenomenon. Pay attention to certain methods that have proven to be productive in the study of social cohesion and the use of which opens up new opportunities in the study of various aspects of the phenomenon. The statement of basic materials is grounded on the analysis of the key points of the social cohesion research methodology, which we highlight in the works of foreign scientists, partially listed above (see: Analysis of recent research and publications). Attention is focused on the clarification of the content of social cohesion, on the application of this or that technique to determine its main areas and indicators of its measurement. A special place is given to the structural approach to the study of the functioning of social cohesion in certain socio-economic and socio-cultural contexts. At the same time, emphasis is placed on: secondary data analysis, structural equation modeling, confirmatory approach, factor analysis, reflective measurement model, formative measurement model.
COGNITIVE COMMUNICATION AND RESOURCE APPROACH TO SOCIAL WORK PRACTICES
Authors: Denysenko Nataliia , Shchyrytsia Tetiana
Published: June 2024

Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Recent research and publications are analyzed by integrating the potential of Socratic dialogue, the tradition of dialogical philosophy by M. Buber, J. Habermas's theory of communicative action, discourse ethics by J. Habermas and K.-O. Apel, the phenome-nological investigations into the topology of the Other by B. Waldenfels, trust research by O. Kozhemiakina, historical explorations of “distant closeness” by V. Yermolenko, and other detailed studies that specifically elaborate on cognitive (linguistic) communication as the linguistic-communicative competence of the social worker. The research objective. The research objective is to define the theoretical and practical significance of cognitive (linguistic) communication and volunteerism as a resource in social work. The statement of basic materials. In the paradigm of the communicative turn from subjectivity to intersubjectivity, this study suggests employing the concept of cognitive communication, defining its content and form based on social work theories. It covers psychologically oriented, humanistic-personalistic, role theory and stigma, and the Strength-Based Perspective theories. To describe volunteerism as a resource in social work practices, Pierre Bourdieu's concept of social capital is utilized.
DEMOCRACY: BETWEEN SUBJECTIVE IDEAL AND OBJECTIVE FACT
Authors: Spiridonov Mykola
Published: June 2024

Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Hundreds of thorough works have been devoted to various aspects of democratic theory and the practical difficulties of its implementation. The most coherent with the subject matter of this study is the fundamental monograph by Oleksandr Skrypniuk, as well as numerous publications by Alain de Benoist, Jason Brennan, Ralph Darendorf, John Ecton, Kevin Eliot, Jacques Ellul, Kevin Calhoun, Helen Landmore, Giovanni Sartori, Tomislav Sutic, Richard Tuck, and Tsvetan Todorov. The research objective. The solution of problematic challenges in the sphere of functioning and prospects of development of democracy requires systematisation of the shortcomings of democracy of the modern model and identification of mechanisms for overcoming them at the level of social practices. The statement of basic material. In our time, what is called “democratic choice” is mostly an illusion, a fiction of full-fledged choice: it is “choice in the actual absence of choice” when one has to choose among pseudo-alternatives imposed by the information agenda. These quasi-alternatives may have nothing to do with the interests and needs of the people. Democracy of modern quality is more and more an instrument of information suggestion and propaganda manipulation.