bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk v. reward for responsive movements by a highly mobile fish species in a flow-constrained and barrier-laden river
Authors: Butler Gavin L. , Cameron Leo M. , Coleman Daniel W. , Ebner Brendan C. , Thiem Jason D. , Carpenter-Bundhoo Luke
Published: October 2024

Context Understanding the movement behaviour of flow-dependent fish species is a foundational principle underlying the effective management of highly modified riverscapes. Aims To determine how variations in river discharge and instream barriers affect the residency, survival and movement of golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) in the degraded Gwydir River system within the northern Murray–Darling Basin. Methods We monitored the movement of 25 acoustic-tagged golden perch for up to 3 years by using a linear array spanning ~180 km of the main river channels across the lower Gwydir system. Key results Golden perch were largely sedentary for extended periods, with movements constrained by the barrier maze that now defines the system. High flows facilitated passage over instream barriers, with the highest periods of activity occurring in spring and early summer, and to a lesser extent in autumn. Conclusion Our findings are indicative of a highly constrained and isolated population of golden perch that is now likely to be neither a source nor a sink, but is in effect a false sink perpetuated by re-stocking practices. Implications The rehabilitation of the fish community in the Gwydir and other systems in similarly poor condition throughout the Murray–Darling Basin will require major institutional and societal change.
Metaphor, metonymy and lexicogenesis
Authors: Goatly Andrew
Published: October 2024

This book investigates the interaction between new English lexis and metaphor/metonymy – figures meticulously defined and contrasted in terms of similarity/contiguity. It advances three main hypotheses: (i) derived lexis is more likely to be figurative in meaning and usage than the bases from which it is derived; (ii) derivation obscures the figurative origins of this lexis to varying degrees depending on differing processing strategies; (iii) lexicalisation is determined by Relevance (in Sperber and Wilson’s sense) to the needs of a culture or its powerful interest groups, where culture, following Norman Fairclough, is characterised as an ensemble of recognised action/discourse genres. This volume is distinctive in exploring the relations between grammar and metonymy and providing numerous examples of metaphorical and metonymic lexis as it reflects society's changing needs and (contested) ideologies.
Discovery of a novel binary azeotrope with positive synergistic insulation strength as eco-friendly SF6-alternative
Authors: Yao Yuyang , Yang Zhiqiang , Zhang Boya , Li Xingwen , Hao Mai , Tang Nian , Sun Dongwei , Lu Jian
Published: October 2024

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), as an arc extinguishing and insulating medium, is broadly applied in power equipment; however, it is essential to find an environmentally friendly substitute gas for SF6 due to its strong greenhouse effect. Although there are many potential alternatives, most have relatively high boiling points that cannot meet the minimum operating temperature of the power equipment. In the past, the liquefaction temperature of the mixture was reduced by mixing with buffer gases, such as CO2, N2, or dry air. However, this method cannot take the insulation performance requirements of eco-friendly insulating gases into account. Therefore, given the current problems and challenges, a novel approach is presented to exploring new eco-friendly gases by incorporating the azeotropic theory. The liquefaction temperature of the gas mixture can be reduced simultaneously as the insulation strength is increased. In this approach, a theoretical prediction model E-PPR78 was introduced to predict the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data and RC318 was found to exhibit azeotrope behavior with HFO-1336mzz(E) at 17%. Furthermore, the predicted VLE data obtained was validated against cyclic-analytical experimental results, affirming the efficacy of the proposed model. Subsequently, to assess its insulation performance, breakdown tests were conducted under both alternating current and lightning impulse voltages, revealing significant positive synergistic effects in the gas mixture. The possible mechanisms of this positively synergistic effect are also discussed. This study offers an innovative way of tackling high boiling point issues plaguing eco-friendly gases. These findings may also enlighten the design of eco-friendly switchgear that utilizes HFO-1336mzz(E) mixtures to replace traditional SF6 gases.
Theoretical analysis and predictions for the two-neutrino double electron capture of 124Xe
Authors: Niţescu O , Ghinescu S , Sevestrean V A , Horoi M , Šimkovic F , Stoica S
Published: October 2024

We provide a complete theoretical description of the two-neutrino electron capture in 124Xe, improving both the nuclear and the atomic structure calculations. We improve the general formalism through the use of the Taylor expansion method, leading to higher-order terms in the decay rate of the process. The nuclear part is treated with pn-QRPA and interacting shell model (ISM) methods. The nuclear matrix elements (NMEs) are calculated with the pn-QRPA method with isospin restoration by fixing the input parameters so that the experimental decay rate is reproduced, resulting in values significantly lower than in previous calculations. The validity of the pn-QRPA NMEs is tested by showing their values to be comparable with the ones for double-beta decay with the emission of two antineutrinos of 128,130Te, which have similar pairing features. Within the ISM, we reproduce the total experimental half-life within a factor of two and predict the capture fraction to the KK channel of about 74%. We also predict the capture fractions to other decay channels and show that for the cumulative decay to the KL1–KO1 channels, a capture fraction of about 24% could be observed experimentally. On the atomic side, calculations are improved by accounting for the Pauli blocking of the decay of innermost nucleon states and by considering all s-wave electrons available for capture, expanding beyond the K and L1 orbitals considered in previous studies. We also provide improved atomic relaxation energies of the final atomic states of 124Te, which may be used as input for background modeling in liquid Xenon experiments.
The study of hadronic rescattering on K∗0 resonance yield in baryon-rich QCD matter
Authors: Sahoo Aswini Kumar , Singha Subhash , Nasim Md
Published: October 2024

The effect of hadronic rescattering on K
∗0 resonance yield can be studied by measuring K
∗0/K ratio as a function of centrality or multiplicity. This study investigates how the size of the system and the chemical composition (meson–meson versus meson–baryon interaction) of the matter formed in heavy-ion collisions impact the process of hadronic rescattering. It is shown that existing calculation of K
∗0/K ratio, which considers the interaction of K
∗0 and K mesons with only light mesons in the hadronic medium (neglecting interactions with baryons), fails to explain the measured K
∗0/K ratio at RHIC beam energy scan (BES) energies. To understand the multiplicity dependence of the K
∗0/K ratio at RHIC BES and SPS energies (

s

NN

< 20 GeV), the ultra relativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) model is employed. UrQMD calculations suggest that for a given multiplicity, K
∗0/K is more suppressed in Au+Au collision at

s

NN

= 7.7 GeV, compared to that in

s

NN

= 200 GeV. This is possibly because of formation different type of quantum chromodynamics medium at 200 and 7.7 GeV, and change in interaction cross-section between hadrons with change in particle type and energy.
Application of the surrogate reaction ratio method to measure the (n, xp) cross sections for nuclei with A ≈ 50–60
Authors: Gandhi Ramandeep , Santra S
Published: October 2024

We explore the applicability of the surrogate reaction (SR) ratio method for determining (n, xp) cross sections, where an incoming neutron induces the emission of at least one proton from a nuclear target with a mass range of A ≈ 50–60. These cross sections are relevant for advanced nuclear technologies. Our findings reveal that, under specific conditions, the SR ratio method can yield reliable (n, xp) cross sections, similar to its success in determining (n, f) cross sections in actinides. However, not all SR pairs meet these conditions across the entire excitation energy range, necessitating careful application of the SR ratio method for determining (n, xp) cross sections.
Impact of different range bias corrections on orbit and Earth rotation parameters determination using BDS-3 satellite laser ranging observations
Authors: Fang Xinqi , Fan Lei , Shi Chuang
Published: October 2024

Satellite laser ranging (SLR) is an important technique that determines geodetic parameters, and its observation processing often calibrates range bias corrections to offset systematic errors. However, the impact of different range bias calibration methods on estimating the BDS-3 satellite orbit and Earth Rotation Parameters (ERP) has not been fully studied. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of employing different SLR range bias corrections on the accuracy of SLR-based BDS-3 satellite orbit and ERP. Eight months of experimental analysis revealed that the station–satellite-pair-dependent range bias correction resulted in the optimal orbit accuracy. Regarding orbit differences relative to precise ephemerides and overlap differences, the 3D root-mean-square (RMS) of satellites manufactured by the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) are 1.00 and 0.94 m, respectively. The corresponding values of satellites manufactured by the Shanghai Engineering Center for Microsatellites (SECM) are 0.98 and 0.90 m, respectively. The station–satellite-pair-dependent range bias correction performed the best in terms of pole coordinate accuracy. The RMS of the X
P and Y
P differences relative to the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) 20 C04 product are 1.32 and 1.41 mas, respectively. The solution using satellite-dependent range bias corrections has the optimal length of day (LOD) accuracy, with a 44.92 μs rms of the LOD difference. However, due to the apparent satellite-related error characteristic reflected in the SLR residual, the station-dependent range bias correction is unsuitable for simultaneously processing the SLR observations of all BDS-3 satellites.
Evaluating antenna phase center variation effects on tropospheric delay retrieval using a low-cost dual-frequency GNSS receiver
Authors: Wu Jizhong , Wang Xiaoying , Wu Wei
Published: October 2024

This study examines the impact of Phase Center Variation (PCV) corrections on Zenith Wet Delay (ZWD) accuracy using a low-cost U-blox ZED-F9P receiver paired with three different antenna configurations: the high-grade TRM57971 antenna, the moderate-grade AS-ANT3BCAL antenna, and the low-cost ANN-MB-00 antenna. Among the three antennas evaluated, the low-cost antenna exhibited the largest PCV magnitude and a pronounced elevation angle dependence. In contrast, the other two antennas demonstrated lower levels of PCV variation. Without PCV corrections, the low-cost antenna showed significant ZWD biases compared to reference values. Applying PCV corrections significantly improved its accuracy, reducing bias and root mean square (RMS) by 88% and 79%, respectively. Moderate- and high-grade antennas experienced minimal improvement with correction. All antennas exhibited remarkable day-to-day repeatability in their residual patterns, despite variations observed in the RMS of phase residuals. This observed repeatability is likely attributable to the presence of unmodeled multipath contributions. The variations in RMS, in turn, can be primarily ascribed to inherent differences in multipath resistance among the antenna designs. This study highlights the critical role of PCV corrections for accurate ZWD estimation with low-cost Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers. Future research should prioritize the acquisition of manufacturer-provided calibration data for low-cost antennas to streamline and enhance the accuracy of PCV correction applications. Moreover, efforts should be directed toward developing innovative solutions, such as low-cost, multipath-resistant antennas or advanced signal processing algorithms, to mitigate the impact of multipath errors. By addressing these areas, low-cost GNSS solutions can become more reliable and cost-effective tools for tropospheric delay estimation.
ELM-free H-mode phase and decoupling of peeling–ballooning stability boundary in the MAST Upgrade tokamak
Authors: Imada K , Osborne T H , Saarelma S , Kirk A , Blackmore S , Knolker M , Scannell R , Snyder P B , Vincent C , Wilson H R ,   the MAST Upgrade Team
Published: October 2024

A linear magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) peeling–ballooning stability analysis of the edge-localized mode (ELM)-free phase of a MAST Upgrade (MAST-U) H-mode plasma is presented. In contrast to other similar discharges, #47018 is found to have a significantly higher and wider pedestal during its ELM-free H-mode phase that lasts for approximately 80 ms; this is made possible by the reduced core MHD mode activity on the q = 2 surface. During this period, there is sustained decoupling of peeling and ballooning branches of the stability boundary on J–α space, opening an access channel to the second stability regime with higher peaks in pedestal current density

J

N
,
ped

and pressure gradient (α). Such decoupling of the stability boundary has not previously been observed in MAST-U H-modes, and if such a condition can be readily reproduced, it opens a wide range of opportunities for MAST-U to explore low-collisionality peeling-limited pedestal regimes as well as advanced scenarios such as quiescent H-modes that are relevant to future reactors such as STEP and ITER.
Impact of the stiffness of equation of state on saturation properties of asymmetric nuclear matter and Urca cooling in neutron stars
Authors: Hashem A S , Hassanien R N , Seif W M
Published: October 2024

We consider nuclear equation of state (EoS) based on the semi-realistic M3Y-Paris and M3Y-Reid effective nucleon-nucleon (NN) interactions to assess the influence of the stiffness of the isospin-asymmetric nuclear matter (ANM) on its isoscalar and isovector saturation properties, and on the β-stable proton fraction in neutron star (NS) matter. Two parameterizations schemes of the CDM3Y isovector density dependence of the NN interaction are adopted, one is scaled to the isoscalar density dependence and the other (IVF1) is developed independently of it. We found that the stiffer EoS yields larger binding saturation density that decreases with the isospin asymmetry (I), and slightly decreases the maximum asymmetry (

I

max

) reached for bound ANM. The density-slope (L) of the symmetry energy is found to correlate directly with the stiffness of ANM, meanwhile the symmetry-energy curvature (K

sym
) and the quadratic isovector incompressibility coefficient (K

τ
) are found to correlate with it inversely. We found also that the stiffer EoS indicates larger neutron-rich npe
μ NS matter under β-equilibrium. Only the CDM3Y-Paris EoSs of isoscalar incompressibility K
0 up to 270 MeV and that of CDM3Y-Reid with K
0 = 200 MeV indicate allowed direct Urca (DU) cooling process in β-stable NS matter, at densities greater than 3.5 ρ
0, based on the IVF1 density dependence. The stiffer EoS proposes a narrower density range for DU process in NS. According to the considered Paris (Reid) forces, muons can emerge in cold β-stable npe matter at ρ ≥ 0.85 ρ
0(0.79 ρ
0), which slightly decreases both the neutron richness at NS core and the DU threshold density.
Experimental analysis on tribological behavior of Co/TiC/CaF2/Y2O3 composite coating developed by plasma transferred arc (PTA) cladding technique on AZ91D Mg alloy substrate
Authors: Das Anil Kumar , Kumar Ravi
Published: October 2024

In this study, Co/TiC/CaF2/Y2O3 composite coating was fabricated on AZ91D Mg alloy by plasma transferred arc cladding (PTA) technique. The composite coating was fabricated with parameters as PTA current of 40 A and scan speed of 150 mm/min. The coating powders consisted of Co (60 wt%) and Y2O3 (1 wt%), with varying amounts of TiC (ranging from 34 wt% to 19 wt%) and CaF2 (ranging from 5 wt% to 20 wt%). An investigation on the effect of TiC and CaF2 content on the mechanical and wear performance of Co/TiC/CaF2/Y2O3 composite coatings has been conducted. Characterization of the coatings such as microstructure, elemental analysis, and phase analysis were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. Results showed that the phase constituents in the coatings were TiC, CoO, CoTi, Co2Y3, YTiO3, CoYC, TiO2, and CaF2. The maximum average microhardness of the clad layer was about 1162HV0.05, while the average microhardness of AZ91D Mg alloy substrate was about 68HV0.05. Based on this study, it has been found that the coating has 17 times more hardness than the AZ91D Mg substrate. Also, it can be concluded that the coating has nearly 37 times higher wear resistance than the AZ91D Mg alloy substrate.
Analyzing the modified symmetric division deg index: mathematical bounds and chemical relevance
Authors: Hussain Zaryab , Ahsan Binyamin Muhammad , Kamran Jamil Muhammad , Metwally Ahmed Sayed M , Aslam Adnan
Published: October 2024

The modified symmetric division deg (MSD) index of a graph G is precisely defined as

MSD
(
G
)
=

∑

j
∼
k

1

2

d

j

d

k

+

d

k

d

j

, where d

j
and d

k
represent the degrees of j and k respectively. In this paper, we present precise bounds for the modified symmetric division deg index, expressed in the relation to the minimum and maximum degrees, the order and size of the graph, the number of pendant vertices and the minimum degree of a non-pendant vertex, the forgotten topological index, the modified second Zagreb index. We determine the upper bounds for the modified symmetric division deg index of unicyclic, bicyclic and k-cyclic graphs. Moreover, upon analyzing the modified symmetric division deg index, we observe its correlation with other well-known indices and its chemical applicability on the molecular graphs of octane isomers. At the end, we find the chemical applicability of the modified symmetric division deg index on benzenoid hydrocarbons and observe that the modified symmetric division deg index has a very strong correlation with the physical properties of benzenoid hydrocarbons.
Chitosan/Nitrogen-doped graphene nanocomposite for supercapacitor application
Authors: khojasteh Fatemeh , Kimiagar Salimeh
Published: October 2024

In this study, we explore the chitosan/nitrogen-doped graphene oxide (CS-NGO) nanocomposite using the hydrothermal method and incorporate it onto carbon paper by a deep coating technique for supercapacitor applications. The incorporation of CS-NGO, a non-toxic and environmentally friendly material, significantly enhances the electrochemical performance. The electrochemical properties are explored by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and impedance spectrum (EIS). The analyses reveal a specific capacitance increase from 2.84 μF cm−2 to 3.96 μF cm−2, a reduction in charge transfer resistance (Rct) from 24.75 Ω to 16.74 Ω, a decrease in Rs resistance from 4.9 Ω to 0 Ω, and a reduction of equivalent series resistance (ESR) from 12.87 Ω to 6.41 Ω. In addition, the results demonstrate remarkable enhancements in energy density and power density and an excellent cyclic stability of 100% over up to 1000 CV cycles of the CS-NGO electrode. These improvements are due to the potential of CS-NGO nanocomposite in developing high-performance, sustainable supercapacitors with the growing demand for green and safe energy storage solutions. This sign of success in this research is due to the new nanocomposite.
PIC simulation of a nonoscillatory perturbation on a subcritical fast magnetosonic shock wave
Authors: Dieckmann M E , Huete C , Cobos F , Bret A , Folini D , Eliasson B , Walder R
Published: October 2024

We use a two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation to study the propagation of subcritical fast magnetosonic shocks in electron-nitrogen plasma and their stability against an initial deformation. A slab of dense plasma launches two planar blast waves into a surrounding ambient plasma, which is permeated by a magnetic field that points out of the simulation box and is spatially uniform at the start of the simulation. One shock propagates into a spatially uniform ambient plasma. This reference shock has a Mach number of 1.75, and the heating of ions only along the shock normal compresses the ions that cross the shock to twice the upstream density. Drift instabilities lead to rapidly growing electron-cyclotron harmonic waves ahead of the location where the shock’s density overshoot peaks, and to slowly growing lower-hybrid waves with a longer wavelength behind it. The second shock wave enters a perturbation layer that deforms it into a sine shape. Once the shock leaves the perturbation layer, the deformation is weakly damped and non-oscillatory, and the shock remains stable. Even without an external perturbation, and for the plasma parameters considered here, drift instabilities will cause ripples in the shock wave. These instabilities lead to a spatially and temporally varying compression of the plasma that crosses the shock.
Image encryption algorithm based on matrix projective combination-combination synchronization of an 11-dimensional time delayed hyperchaotic system
Authors: Bharti Jyotsna Kumari , Balasubramaniam P , Murugesan K
Published: October 2024

Secure image transmission is critical to protect sensitive data from unauthorized access, especially in an era of increasing digital threats. Chaotic systems with their inherent complexity and unpredictability, provide a promising solution for enhancing encryption security. To contribute to this field, we investigate a new 11-dimensional hyperchaotic system by taking advantage of its complex dynamical properties to strengthen security. The high dimensional of the system intensifies chaotic behaviors such as stability, attractors and sensitive to initial conditions, making it particularly suitable for encrypted transmission. Time delay is an important factor to be considered affecting the control and synchronization in nonlinear system. Additionally, time delays include the effects of past states, further increasing the unpredictability of the system. To explore these dynamics, we analyze the Lyapunov exponents, stability of equilibrium points, symmetry and dissipation. A matrix projective combination-combination synchronization scheme is proposed to synchronize four identical 11-dimensional hyperchaotic systems with time delay. Nonlinear active controllers designed based on Lyapunov stability theory are used to achieve this synchronization. This work advances an important idea for encryption and decryption algorithms, which is the secure transmission of images using affine encryption. In the affine encryption algorithm, the key is based on the solution of synchronized chaotic delayed systems and the private message of the sender and receiver. This proposed encryption and decryption algorithms have been applied on plain images. Numerical simulations and security analysis including key space, histogram, information entropy and correlation analysis are conducted to validate the theoretical results and encryption algorithm. Experimental analysis and comparisons with existing literature confirm the effectiveness and security of the proposed approach for cryptographic purposes.
Complex stochastic optimal control foundation of quantum mechanics
Authors: Yordanov Vasil
Published: October 2024

Recent studies have extended the use of the stochastic Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation to include complex variables for deriving quantum mechanical equations. However, these studies often assume that it is valid to apply the HJB equation directly to complex numbers, an approach that overlooks the fundamental problem of comparing complex numbers when finding optimal controls. This paper explores the application of the HJB equation in the context of complex variables. It provides an in-depth investigation of the stochastic movement of quantum particles within the framework of stochastic optimal control theory. We obtain the complex diffusion coefficient in the stochastic equation of motion using the Cauchy-Riemann theorem, considering that the particle’s stochastic movement is described by two perfectly correlated real and imaginary stochastic processes. During the development of the covariant form of the HJB equation, we demonstrate that if the temporal stochastic increments of the two processes are perfectly correlated, then the spatial stochastic increments must be perfectly anti-correlated, and vice versa. The diffusion coefficient we derive has a form that enables the linearization of the HJB equation. The method for linearizing the HJB equation, along with the subsequent derivation of the Dirac equation, was developed in our previous work [V. Yordanov, Scientific Reports 14, 6507 (2024)]. These insights deepen our understanding of quantum dynamics and enhance the application of stochastic optimal control theory to quantum mechanics.
Periodic solutions, breather, lump and interaction solutions of a generalized (2+1)-dimensional Hirota bilinear equation via the bilinear neural network method
Authors: Zhao Zhao , Ren Bo
Published: October 2024

The main focus of this paper is to address a generalized (2+1)-dimensional Hirota bilinear equation utilizing the bilinear neural network method. The paper presents the periodic solutions through a single-layer model of [3-4-1], followed by breather, lump and their interaction solutions by using double-layer models of [3-3-2-1] and [3-3-3-1], respectively. A significant innovation introduced in this work is the computation of periodic cross-rational solutions through the design of a novel [3-(2+2)-4-1] model, where a specific hidden layer is partitioned into two segments for subsequent operations. Three-dimensional and density figures of the solutions are given alongside an analysis of the dynamics of these solutions.
Swarm intelligence-based optimization of machine learning models for diverse industrial problems: a comparative study
Authors: Che Zhongyuan , Peng Chong , Wang Jikun
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, machine learning has emerged as a promising approach to tackle complex problems in various industries. It is particularly evident in situations where limited data samples are available, such as when developing new materials, or in high-speed machining scenarios where computational efficiency and result reliability are equally crucial. In this work, we have selected five widely recognized machine learning models (e-SVR, v-SVR, BP, Random Forest, Extreme Learning Machines) as baseline methods. We employ Snake Optimizer, a recently popular swarm intelligence algorithm, to optimize the parameters of each model individually. The Mean Squared Error is utilized as an evaluation fitness measure to adaptively optimize and determine the optimal hyperparameter combination for each method. Consequently, five hybrid models are established. To thoroughly evaluate the performance and applicability of these models, predictive experiments are conducted using temperature data of permanent magnet synchronous motors, energy consumption data from steel companies and real-estate price data of Chicago, representing three distinct scenarios. The learning ability and generalization capability of these models are tested and assessed using four error measures: Mean Absolute Error, R-Squared, Root Mean Squared Error, and Computation Time. Moreover, comparison and discussion between the hybrid models and their respective basic models are also conducted, analysing the effectiveness of SO algorithm in optimization. Through analysis and discussion, a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics and applicability of them is provided. Our objective is to provide scientific researchers and engineers with valuable insights into different methods and their characteristics.
OriFlexClust denoising method for shallow water ATL03 single-photon point clouds
Authors: Yao Ying , Zhou Guoqing , Zhu Shuaiguang , Song Tianyi , Li Yangleijing , Li Ruixiang
Published: October 2024

Conventional clustering algorithms suffer from misclassification problems caused by uneven density and poor initial parameter choices. This paper introduces an adaptive denoising algorithm called OriFlexClust, based on directional angle continuity. Experimental results demonstrate that the OriFlexClust algorithm outperforms other clustering algorithms, effectively addressing the issues of parameter selection and uneven data density. It enhances denoising accuracy and processing speed. Therefore, the OriFlexClust algorithm proposed in this paper is more superior.
Preface
Authors: Asnafi Nader , Xia Tangbin
Published: October 2024

Over the last 6 years, MEIE has been held in various locations, including in-person conferences in Hangzhou (2018 & 2019), an online conference for COVID-19 (2020), a hybrid event in Kunming (2021), an online conference (2022) and a hybrid event in Sanya (2023), attracted participants from more than 14 countries and regions including Sweden, Canada, the United States, Australia, Singapore, South Korea, and Malaysia.

The 7th International Conference on Mechanical, Electric, and Industrial Engineering (MEIE2024) was organized by the College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, China, co-organized by Chinese Institute for Quality Research, the School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, China, the Shanghai Society for Modern Design Theory and Methodology Research, and Shanghai Graphics Society. It was successfully held during May 21-23, 2024 in Yichang, China and online.

This event attracted over 100 participants from all over the world from China, Sweden, USA, Canada, Germany, Pakistan, and etc., and addressed both basic research and the societal/industrial-technological needs within mechanical, electric and industrial engineering. Conference program was divided into 4 sessions: keynote speeches, invited speeches, oral presentations and poster presentations. During these sessions, presenters shared their latest achievements and audiences were actively participated as well.

The MEIE organizing committee extend their sincerest gratitude to all who have supported the conference in their ways, to the authors who have chosen this platform to publish their works and communicate with peers, to the participants who took an interest and attended the conference in person and/or online, to the chairs and committee members who have been indispensable in lending their professional expertise and judgment, to the keynote speakers who generously shared their vision and passion, and to the reviewers who held up the faith of being a scholar and contributed their experience and honest opinions. It has been a pleasure and honor working alongside them, and we look forward to future cooperation with them at future MEIE conferences to come.

Finally, our sincere gratitude goes also to the IOP Publishing editors and managers for their helpful cooperation during the preparation of the conference proceedings.

On behalf of the Organizing Committee of MEIE 2024.

List of MEIE2024 Committee members are available in this Pdf.
Optimal operation strategy for renewable power plants based on 5G base stations response
Authors: Li Lijuan , Zheng Xinhui , Xiao Chuang , Liu Renai
Published: October 2024

The integration of large-scale new energy sources has led to a significant challenge in electricity supply and demand balancing within the power system. To address this issue, it is crucial to establish an optimization strategy of renewable power plant based on 5G base stations response. Firstly, according to the operating state of the base station, the energy storage schedulable strategy of the base station was designed. Then, through the regulation function of the base station’s reserve energy storage and the operation principle of the renewable energy power plant, the operation model of the renewable power plant considering the base station’s participation and response was established. Finally, evaluation indexes such as the absolute peak-to-valley difference, the standard deviation of daily load and the peak-valley difference rate can be used to measure system optimization results. The results show that the proposed strategy improves the source load imbalance in the power system while enhancing reliability and economy of new energy.
Mechanical simulation and electrical performance analysis of high current connectors
Authors: Wang Saichen , Li Hui , Kong Zhigang
Published: October 2024

Automotive high-current connectors are one of the key components in new energy vehicles, used for transmitting high currents within the vehicle. However, vibration is unavoidable during the actual operation of connectors. This vibration directly affects the contact pressure between the connector’s contact points, thereby influencing the electrical contact performance of the connector. This paper simplifies the contact components of the electrical connector using a cantilever beam model and conducts theoretical calculations of the contact pressure. Utilizing Ansys Workbench simulation software, the study investigates the contact pressure of the electrical connector under static and various sinusoidal vibration conditions, followed by sinusoidal frequency sweep vibration experiments. The research findings indicate that under vibration conditions, the contact pressure is lower than that under static conditions, and the electrical resistance fluctuates during the vibration process.
A hybrid driven framework for power data recovery
Authors: Li Lijuan , Zhang Qingsong , Liu Renai , Liu Pan
Published: October 2024

In addressing the limitations of unclear mechanisms in data driven methods and the restricted applicability of inference interpolation methods in power data recovery research, this paper proposes a hybrid driven framework that combines both data driven and model driven approaches. This framework integrates data driven and model driven components through linear recombination, while explicitly demonstrating the interpretability of the model. By fitting three nonlinear transformation processes and comparing effective and ineffective mechanisms, the efficacy of model driven enhancement in improving data driven performance is validated. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated through a data recovery task in IEEE-39 node system.
Physics-informed neural network for simulating magnetic field of permanent magnet
Authors: Hou Shubo , Wu Wenchao , Hao Xiuhong
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development of deep learning, its application in physical field simulation has been widely concerned, and it has begun to lead a new model of meshless simulation. In this paper, research based on physics-informed neural networks is carried out to solve partial differential equations related to the physical laws of electromagnetism. Then the magnetic field simulation is realized. In this method, the governing equation and the boundary conditions containing physical information are embedded into the neural network loss function as constraints, and the backpropagation of neural networks is realized based on automatic differentiation to solve partial differential equations. The high-precision simulation of tile-shaped and rectangular permanent magnet magnetic fields of permanent magnet motors based on physical information neural network is studied, and the error is within 5%. We consider the simulation of magnetic field in two coordinate systems, and realize the joint training of multiple neural networks in multiple sub-domains and different media.
Mathematical modelling of a flexible steering robot for vehicle trajectory control
Authors: Ali Furqan , Yu Liangyao
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a mathematical modelling framework for a novel design of a steering robot to control vehicle trajectory. A systematic approach is adopted to capture the dynamics of a belt transmission mechanical system of the robot. The steering robot is powered by a Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) servo motor which employs a Field Oriented Current (FOC) control for motor position control. The system’s accuracy is demonstrated through simulations conducted using MATLAB SIMULINK, showcasing its capability to effectively track the reference steering angle.
A novel TD3 for solving multi-level imperfect maintenance optimization problem
Authors: An Youjun , Chen Duwanqi , Zhao Ziye , Liu Cheng , Zhang Jun
Published: October 2024

As we all know, multi-level imperfect maintenance strategy is usually more effective than single-level maintenance strategy for the actual production machines. At the same time, in the previous multi-level maintenance strategies, the majority of maintenance models only consider the constant maintenance thresholds, while variable maintenance thresholds are usually ignored. Under these contexts, a novel multi-level imperfect maintenance model with variable preventive maintenance (PM) thresholds, variable overhaul maintenance (OM) thresholds and variable number of PMs in each OM cycle is established. In order to deal with the concerned problem, a novel twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) algorithm that is a kind of reinforcement learning is designed, renamed as NTD3. Finally, through numerical simulation, we can find that (1) the average improvements between the proposed maintenance strategy and other three traditional strategies in the average cost rate (ACR) are 11.50%, 595.91% and 5.16%, respectively; and (2) the average improvement between the proposed NTD3 and other random search method is 5.53%. Thus, the effectiveness of the proposed maintenance strategy and the superiority of proposed NTD3 are all demonstrated.
Design of an FPGA-based short-circuit fault diagnosis algorithm for DC current-limiting fuses
Authors: Min Guangyao , Lei Yuanlin , Luo Qiquan , Huang Yuanfeng
Published: October 2024

In recent years, DC current-limiting fuses have played a crucial role in the comprehensive power systems of ships, rail transport, and new energy sectors, ensuring the safe and reliable operation of DC power systems. However, with the increase in the capacity of DC power systems, short-circuit faults can lead to a rise in short-circuit current at rates of up to 40 A/μs, with peak short-circuit currents reaching up to 105KA. This poses higher demands on the accuracy and speed of fuse diagnostics to interrupt short-circuit currents. To address this issue, this paper introduces a fault diagnostic algorithm based on FPGA that can calculate the rise rate of short-circuit currents in real-time: employing FPGA with its high integration, abundant logic resources, and parallel data processing capabilities as the core of the measurement and control system to enhance the speed of short-circuit fault diagnosis from a hardware perspective; replacing the common large current trip protection and DDL protection algorithms with the Newton interpolation algorithm. This improvement calculates the rise rate of each current data point instead of the average rise rate over a period, thus enhancing the speed and accuracy of short-circuit fault diagnosis from a software perspective. The paper also discusses the design of the system’s hardware and software and the construction of the experimental platform. Simulation and experimental results show that the fault diagnosis time of the algorithm has been reduced from 98μs to 36μs, with the numerical error in the short-circuit current rise rate within 2%, and a significant reduction in the peak value of short-circuit current, meeting performance requirements and effectively ensuring the safe and reliable operation of DC power systems.
Laboratory x-ray nano-computed tomography for biomedical research
Authors: Dreier Till , Krüger Robin , Bernström Gustaf , Tran-Lundmark Karin , Gonçalves Isabel , Bech Martin
Published: October 2024

High-resolution x-ray tomography is a common technique for
biomedical research using synchrotron sources. With advancements in
laboratory x-ray sources, an increasing number of experiments can be
performed in the lab. In this paper, the design, implementation, and
verification of a laboratory setup for x-ray nano-computed
tomography is presented using a nano-focus x-ray source and high
geometric magnification not requiring any optical
elements. Comparing a scintillator-based detector to a photon
counting detector shows a clear benefit of using photon counting
detectors for these applications, where the flux of the x-ray source
is limited and samples have low contrast. Sample contrast is
enhanced using propagation-based phase contrast. The resolution of
the system is verified using 2D resolution charts and using Fourier
Ring Correlation on reconstructed CT slices. Evaluating noise and
contrast highlights the benefits of photon counting detectors and
the contrast improvement through phase contrast. The implemented
setup is capable of reaching sub-micron resolution and satisfying
contrast in biological samples, like paraffin embedded tissue.
Readout electronics of a muon beam monitor for the phase-α of the COMET experiment
Authors: Qin Zhizhen , Feng Changqing , Teng Yao , Xu Yu , Ning Yunsong , Tang Jian , Wen Mingjian , Ge Ke , Liu Shubin
Published: October 2024

A 256-channel readout electronics system has been developed
for a SciFi (scintillating fiber)-based muon beam monitor, which is
utilized in the COMET (COherent Muon to Electron Transition)
experiment. The muon beam monitor allows for the monitoring of muon
beams by collecting optical signals generated when muons hit plastic
scintillating fibers. The 256-channel readout electronics, including
two SiPM carrier boards, two front-end boards (FEB), two data
acquisition boards (DAQ) and one clock and trigger unit (CTU),
measures the arrival time of each signal from the detector. The
developed 256-channel readout electronics, with a timing precision
of 3.3 ns and an event rate exceeding 500 kHz, has successfully met
the requirements of the muon beam monitor during the phase-α
of the COMET experiment.
A closed-form solution for thermally induced affine deformation in unbounded domains with a temporally accelerated anomalous thermal conductivity
Authors: Awad Emad , Samir Noha
Published: October 2024

One of the successful mathematical tools in the 21st century is the distributed-order fractional derivative, particularly, the bi-fractional diffusion equation of natural form (Chechkin et al 2002 Phys. Rev. E 66 046129) and the bi-fractional diffusion equation of the modified form (Sokolov 2004 Acta Phys. Pol. B 35). The present study adopts the bi-fractional diffusion heat equation of the modified form that uses two Riemann–Liouville time-fractional derivatives with different fractional orders and the Riesz space-fractional derivative, and bears the property of variable thermal conductivity with temporal acceleration; i.e. the material thermal conduction transits from a low value at the small values of time (t → 0) to a larger value at the long-time domain (

t
→
∞

). The corresponding fractional thermoelasticity theory, that uses the bi-fractional diffusion heat equation of the modified form, is exclusively considered in this work. For a quasi-static unbounded Hookean domain, exact solutions for the temperature, hydrostatic stress, and the displacement fields are derived in both short-time and long-time domains, in terms of the Fox H-function.The exact solutions for the linearized problem are derived using the inversion of problem variables from the Laplace-Fourier space. Adding a zero initial condition on the normal stress of the unbounded space transforms the conventional Cauchy problem to a mixed initial-boundary value problem in order to derive a generalized form of the displacement. Additionally, thermal energy is not conserved in the presence of space fractality. The effect of such an accelerating transition in the thermal conduction on the displacement component is focused on, and it is found that the displacement inherits a similar transition behavior.
Conservation laws of the one-dimensional relativistic magnetogasdynamics equations
Authors: Nakpim W , Meleshko S V , Mukdasanit P
Published: October 2024

The present paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the one-dimensional relativistic magnetogasdynamics equations in Lagrangian coordinates. These equations, describing the behavior of a relativistic magnetized gas, are reformulated in variational form to facilitate further analysis. A complete group analysis of the resulting Euler–Lagrange equation is performed, allowing us to systematically identify the symmetries inherent in the system. Using Noether’s theorem, we derive conservation laws in Lagrangian coordinates, offering critical insights into the invariants and conserved quantities of the system. This work expands the theoretical understanding of relativistic magnetogasdynamics.
Classifying coherence with a finite set of witnesses
Authors: Zhu Xue-Na , Jin Zhi-Xiang , Bao Gui , Fei Shao-Ming
Published: October 2024

Coherence is a fundamental resource in quantum information processing, which can be certified by a coherence witness. In order to detect all the coherent states, we introduce a useful concept of coherence witness and structure the set of coherence witnesses

C

[
m
,
M
]

d

. We present necessary and sufficient conditions of detecting quantum coherence of

d
−

dimensional quantum states based on

C

[
m
,
M
]

d

. Moreover, we show that each coherent state can be detected by one of the coherence witnesses in a finite set. The corresponding finite set of coherence witnesses is presented explicitly, which detects all the coherent states.
Tensile strength prediction in monel 400 weldments using classification and regression algorithms in machine learning
Authors: Balasubramaniyan Karthekeyan Parrthipan , Pandiarajan Narayanasamy , Ranjit Ramya , Krishnankutty Pratheesh , Noor Mohamed Mohammed Raffic , Pandiarajan Balasundar
Published: October 2024

Selecting the most effective welding settings impacts mechanical strength and weld quality, with parameters like current, voltage, and speed playing pivotal roles. The mechanical part encompasses material properties, welding process variables, and structural integrity, all contributing to the overall weld quality and strength. By integrating these mechanical factors with predictive modelling, a comprehensive understanding of weld performance can be achieved, enabling optimized welding settings and enhanced weld quality assurance. This study assesses and compares machine learning algorithms such as a random tree, random forest, and C4.5 to determine their predictive capability regarding the tensile strength in Monel 400 Weldments. By utilizing a dataset comprising 32 instances with attributes like Current, Voltage, and Speed, models were developed and assessed using K-Fold cross-validation. Among these algorithms, the random tree models emerge as the most proficient in accurately predicting the tensile strength for Monel 400 Weldments through classification ML techniques. Similarly, regression algorithms have been deployed to assess the dataset by varying the train-test split ratio and gradient boosting, which exhibited superior performance with a higher R2 value of 0.99. Both random tree and Gradient boosting algorithms have commonly been recommended, with current being the most influential factor affecting tensile strength.