bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS BIAYA MEDIS LANGSUNG DAN TARIF INA-CBG’s PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIDAK TERGANTUNG INSULIN DI RSUD ANUTAPURA PALU
Authors:   Jurusan Farmasi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Tadulako, Tandah Muhamad Rinaldhi , Janna Rischa Rhaudatul , Mallisa Twulyenna , Diana Khusnul ,   Universitas Tadulako
Published: May 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a long-term disease with an increasing prevalence. Diabetes mellitus is one of the main causes of human morbidity and death and has a significant impact on health financing. Indonesia itself has implemented a national health insurance program that prioritizes effectiveness and cost efficiency. This study aims to determine the average direct medical costs, INA-CBG's rates, the suitability of direct medical costs and INA-CBG's as well as the influence of treatment class, severity, number of secondary diagnoses, and length of stay on the direct medical costs of diabetes mellitus patients at Anutapura Hospital Palu. This research is a descriptive observational study with retrospective data collection from medical records and files detailing patient care costs at Anutapura Hospital Palu in 2020 from the hospital's perspective. The sample used was BPJS inpatients with a primary diagnosis of type 2 diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (DMTTI) who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, totaling 132 patients. Data were analyzed descriptively and to see the influence of variables on total costs, the Independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used. The research results show that the average direct medical costs are IDR 2,751,449, the average INA-CBG's rate is IDR 4,505,508, so there is a mismatch between direct medical costs and INA CBG's. There is a significant influence partially or simultaneously and in a positive direction from the variables treatment class, severity, number of secondary diagnoses, and length of stay on direct medical costs.
Perspectivas atuais da neurossífilis: bases patogênicas, diagnósticas e terapêuticas
Authors: Alexandre Caixeta Mauro , Vytor Cardoso Nobre Paulo , Cantarelli Correia da Silva Filho Marcelo , Araújo de Melo Tenorio de Souza Karina , Alice Lima de Santana Maria , Paula Barbosa Casado Ana , Luisa Vieira Cuyabano Leite Maria , Leite Cerqueira Guilherme , Carolina Maia Araújo Ana , Rodrigues Pacífico Chagas Lucas , Flávio Anacleto Segundo José , De Souza Vieira Neto  José , Lisboa Araújo Kaique
Published: May 2024

Introdução: A neurossífilis (NS) é uma manifestação grave e tardia da infecção pelo Treponema pallidum, a bactéria causadora da sífilis, que afeta o sistema nervoso central. Esta condição resulta da disseminação hematogênica do patógeno para o sistema nervoso, causando uma variedade de sintomas neurológicos. Objetivo: Avaliar a patogênese, o diagnóstico e o manejo da neurossífilis. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica que incluiu artigos originais e revisões sistemáticas em inglês e português, que abordaram os aspectos patogênicos, diagnósticos e terapêuticos da neurossífilis, publicados entre 2014 e 2024, selecionados nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e SciELO. Após a seleção criteriosa, foram escolhidos 28 artigos para compor esta revisão bibliográfica. Resultados: O T. pallidum apresenta uma condição de evasão imunológica complexa. A patogênese da NS envolve complexas interações bioquímicas, incluindo a regulação do sistema de variação antigênica, desequilíbrios entre metaloproteinases. O diagnóstico inclui os testes VDRL e TPPA, contudo, há desafios associados aos testes. O manejo do quadro apresenta a penicilina G benzatina como primeira escolha, além disso, outros antibióticos podem ser utilizados, como a doxiciclina e a ceftriaxona. Considerações: A NS apresenta uma patogênese ampla e complexa, e inclui múltiplos mecanismos de evasão imunológicas associados. Devido à dificuldade da identificação direta do patógeno, o diagnóstico está associado à identificação de anticorpos. O manejo inclui a antibioticoterapia, sendo necessário a vigilância clínica cuidadosa e estratégias individualizadas para evitar possíveis reações adversas e garantir o melhor manejo possível desta condição complexa e multifacetada.
Síndrome do intestino irritável: aspectos patogênicos e terapêuticos.
Authors: Alexandre Caixeta Mauro , Vytor Cardoso Nobre Paulo , Da Costa Sacksida Valladão Victor , Henrique da Silva Lucas , Rocha Appelt Celiany , Lavinas Lúcio da Silva Caroline , Manuele de Souza Araujo Airllys , Marcos da Silva Jean , Cantarelli Correia da Silva Filho Marcelo , Karoline Nascimento Chaves Rita , Araújo de Melo Tenorio de Souza Karina , Batista de Lima Rodrigo
Published: May 2024

Introdução: A síndrome do intestino irritável (SII), é uma desordem funcional do trato gastrointestinal caracterizada por sintomas crônicos, incluindo dor abdominal recorrente, alterações no hábito intestinal, distensão abdominal e desconforto associado à defecação. Objetivo: Avaliar a patogênese e o manejo da síndrome do intestino irritável. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica que incluiu artigos originais e revisões sistemáticas em inglês e português, que abordaram os os componentes patogênicos e tratamento da SII, publicados entre 2013 e 2024, selecionados nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e SciELO. Após a seleção criteriosa, foram escolhidos 24 artigos para compor esta revisão bibliográfica. Resultados: Há múltiplos aspectos relevantes na compreensão do quadro. É notável as características genéticas, vistos os polimorfismos associados a interleucinas, receptores adrenérgicos, receptores de serotonina e colecistocinina. Além do eixo cérebro-intestino exerce um papel significativo na fisiopatologia da SII, com estressores emocionais desencadeando dismotilidade gastrointestinal e uma resposta motora exacerbada. O manejo inclui intervenções, como dieta baixa em FODMAPs, antiespasmódicos, antidepressivos e agentes moduladores do trânsito intestinal, permitindo a personalização do tratamento com base nos sintomas e nas características individuais de cada paciente. Considerações: A patogênese do quadro é complexa, envolvendo aspectos genéticos, neuro-hormonais, infecções, hábitos alimentares. O manejo inclui intervenções farmacológicas e não farmacológicas, observa-se as diferenças dos cuidados na individualidade e particularidade a depender das manifestações clínicas do paciente.
Desafios emergentes: O impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 na incidência e internações por Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Silva Gustavo Chaves Amorim , Rocha Pedro Paulo Camarço , Muniz Ádria Soyara Sampaio de Sousa , Assad Michele Maia , Aragão Elane Frota , Santos Tainá Leal Lima dos , Calmon Maria Fernanda Barros Freitas , Moia Lucas Salvadego , Moia Gustavo Salvadego , Moraes Thalia Almeida de , Soares Luisa Carvalho , Lima Millena Lourrany Fontinele , Peixoto Maria Eduarda de Aragão , Souza Joel Neres de , Galvão Mateus Felipe Gois , Giani Priscila Maria , Pereira-Silva Jordam William , Silva Katarina Costa
Published: May 2024

A pandemia de COVID-19 trouxe consigo desafios sem precedentes para a saúde global, afetando não apenas os sistemas de saúde, mas também indivíduos com condições médicas crônicas, como o diabetes mellitus. A interseção entre o diabetes e a pandemia de COVID-19 tem gerado preocupações significativas, exigindo uma análise cuidadosa dos impactos dessa interação na saúde pública e no manejo clínico do diabetes. Dessa forma, O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a influência da pandemia de COVID-19 nas internações causadas por Diabetes mellitus no Brasil, no período de 2019 a 2023. Este é um estudo de séries temporais, que usou dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH) do DATASUS. Essa fonte abrangente oferece uma visão detalhada das internações causadas por Diabetes mellitus no Brasil. Através desse estudo, demostramos uma redução de 5,6% nas internações causadas por diabetes mellitus durante a pandemia, com o sudeste sendo responsável pela maioria das internações e custos hospitalares. Além disso, identificamos que homens, pardos, com idade entre 60 a 69 anos, foram os principais afetados. As informações sobre internações hospitalares causadas pelo diabetes mellitus são cruciais para informar políticas de saúde, melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados e reduzir o ônus pessoal e econômico associado a essa doença crônica. A implementação de estratégias eficazes de prevenção e manejo do diabetes é essencial para reduzir as taxas de hospitalização e melhorar os resultados de saúde para os pacientes afetados.
USO DOS LOCALIZADORES ELETRÔNICOS FORAMINAIS PRÁTICAS ENDODÔNTICAS: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Francisco Nathizael Ribeiro Gonçalves  , Monalisa Simplício Bezerra  , Matheus Lopes Carvalho  , Edla Helena Salles de Brito  , Ravel Bezerra Brasileiro  , Mariana Canuto Melo de Sousa Lopes  , Matheus de Sousa Aguiar  , Isabela Brito Freitas  , Ranyele Elis Alexandre Rodrigues  , Marcela Maria Costa Borges  , Amanda Brito Santos  , Ana Letícia Linhares De Sousa Paula  , Diego Gibson Praxedes Martins
Published: May 2024

O sucesso no tratamento endodôntico está intrinsecamente ligado à precisão na determinação do comprimento do canal radicular. A junção cemento-dentina-canal é reconhecida como o ponto ideal para as intervenções endodônticas. Este estudo teve como objetivo examinar a evolução dos localizadores apicais e analisar suas vantagens e desvantagens no tratamento endodôntico, com base em uma revisão da literatura especializada. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada em artigos científicos disponíveis nas bases de dados BVS odontologia e Pubmed, utilizando os termos: limite apical, odontometria, constrição apical e localizador apical. É amplamente reconhecido que a determinação precisa da constrição apical do canal é desafiadora por meio de radiografias devido a variações anatômicas e erros de projeção, destacando uma das principais vantagens dos localizadores apicais. Além disso, esses dispositivos promovem um tratamento mais seguro, fácil e rápido, reduzindo a exposição do paciente à radiação. No entanto, é importante considerar que em certas situações, como dentes com rizogênese incompleta ou presença de restaurações metálicas, pode haver interferência no circuito eletrônico, o que pode desaconselhar o seu uso. Outras desvantagens incluem o alto custo do equipamento e a necessidade de treinamento para sua utilização precisa e eficaz.
Pengaruh Iklim Organisasi, Motivasi Kerja Dan Perilaku Inovatif Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Dinas Penanaman Modal Dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kota Pasuruan
Authors: Arum Widyasari Dyah , Mufidah Eva , Fibriyan Vita
Published: May 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara iklim organisasi dengan kinerja pegawai, motivasi kerja dengan kinerja pegawai, perilaku inovatif dengan kinerja pegawai. Metode penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik kuesioner online yang dirancang dengan menggunakan skala Likert 1 sampai 5 dan disebarkan kepada 43 pegawai pada Dinas Penanaman Modal dan PelayananTerpadu Satu Pintu Kota Pasuruan yang dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling. Alat pengolahan data ini SPSS (Stastistical Package for Social Science). Sebelum melakukan analisis data, terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas kuesioner yang digunakan. Untuk mengukur validitasnya digunakan skor setiap item pertanyaan yang dikorelasikan dengan skor total item dalam satu variabel. Setelah dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas, selanjutnya dilakukan analisis data. Analisis dan interpretasi data dilakukan untuk menjawab permasalahan yang telah dirumuskan dan menjawab hipotesis
Analisis Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Simpan Pinjam Sebelum Dan Setelah Menggunakan Metode Rapid Application Development (RAD) Pada KPRI Dhaya Harta Jombang
Authors: Giri Pramesty Wahyuning , Taufik Hidayat Agus
Published: May 2024

Sistem Informasi Akuntansi merupakan sebuah bentuk dari sistem informasi akuntansi yang berkonsentrasi pada proses pembuatan, penyajian dan memperbaiki informasi kepada pihak berwenang mengelola kegiatan bisnis untuk dijadikan bahan dasar pengambilan kebijakan. Rapid Application Development (RAD) adalah model proses pembangunan perangkat lunak yang tergolong dalam teknik incremental (bertingkat). RAD menekankan pada siklus pembangunan pendek, singkat, dan cepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat model (prototype) perancangan system informasi akuntansi simpan pinjam dengan menggunakan model Rapid Application Development (RAD) pada KPRI Dhaya Harta Jombang. Pada penelitian ini menganalisis prosedur-prosedur simpan pinjam yang berjalan pada koperasi KPRI Dhaya Harta Jombang sesuai dengan tahap-tahap pada metode Rapid Application Development (RAD). Analisis masalah yng terdapat dalam koperasi digambarkan dalam suatu flowchart sistem dalam setiap prosedur yang berjalan.
“Democracy” from Platon to the present: historical perspectives of the concept
Authors: Grebenyukov V. I.
Published: May 2024

Theoretical issues of social sciences, which beside others include the conceptual apparatus and its content, are under the constant consideration of experts. Depending on scientific interests, the same concepts tend to be given different meanings and the content is formulated differently. Building a hierarchy of classification procedures will make it possible to begin moving toward eliminating the bottlenecks of social sciences, which include the conceptual apparatus and its content as well. The hierarchy of the classification procedures for social sciences can only be based on a human being, with their basic needs for food, shelter, and reproduction.
Virtual reality as a problem of philosophy, cultural studies and law
Authors: Miller V. I. , Egorova Y. V. , Antonova N. V.
Published: May 2024

The phenomenon of virtual reality deserves special comprehension, as it enters the space of objective reality more thoroughly every day. Virtual existence becomes the same reality for modern man, and in some cases, even more realistic, due to technical improvements. At present, there is a rapid change of real and virtual with the replacement of value coordinates, which is reflected in the changing worldview of the modern individual.
Ancient russian hagiography as a source of the national cultural code (based on the example of “The life of Alexander Nevsky” and “The life of Sergius of Radonezh”)
Authors: Moylashova О. V.
Published: May 2024

The article examines ancient Russian hagiography using the example of “The Life of Alexander Nevsky” and “The Life of Sergius of Radonezh” as a source of the national cultural code. The relevance of this work is due to the importance of preserving the cultural code of our country, the loss of which, as well as the oblivion of history and culture, is fraught with grave consequences, both for the individual and for the country as a whole.
Formation of ecological perspectives in preschool children using «algorithmics» technology
Authors: Yumagulova E. R. , Garnatka A. A. , Yumagulov R. N. , Gallyamova D. R.
Published: May 2024

The article reveals modern approaches to solving problems of environmental education for preschool children; Features of the formation of environmental ideas in children. The results of the implementation of the “Algorithmics” technology in the Nizhnevartovsk Municipal Administrative Educational Institution No. 52 “Samoletik” are presented. It is shown that at the secondary stage of diagnosis, the value of high and average levels of environmental knowledge in preschool children increases by 30 and 20%, respectively. A fairly high degree of effectiveness of using this technology for the formation of environmental ideas in preschoolers has been determined.
To the fauna end ecology of freshwater mollusks of the Konda River basin (Khanty-Mansi autonomous okrug – Yugra)
Authors: Babushkin E. S. , Dunaeva D. V. , Murashko Yu. A.
Published: May 2024

In the basin of the large left-bank tributary of the Irtysh River – the Konda River, which had not previously been studied in malacological terms, faunistic and ecological studies of freshwater mollusks were carried out. Using morphological and molecular genetic methods, the species and taxonomic composition of the fauna was revealed. The features of the biotopic distribution and the factors that have the greatest influence on the distribution of mollusks are determined.
Study of the movement of fluid flow in the check valve of a submersible pump
Authors: Dumler E. B. , Urazakov K. R. , Zinatullina E. Ya. , Levshuk A. D.
Published: May 2024

The article presents an analysis of the main failures of submersible equipment, not a small part of which is associated with the failure of check valves. Using a modeling technique, it was revealed that valve failure is primarily caused by the aggressiveness of the environment and the impact of flow turbulence. The article presents an analysis of models of fluid flow passing through a pump check valve, which has a different geometric shape of the valve gate. As a result, a streamlined valve gate shape, wedge-shaped at the top and smoothly rounded at the bottom, was recommended, which showed minimal flow turbulence.
An Investigative Study on the Development Strategies for Electric Vehicle Enterprises
Authors: Shah Satya , Zhang Linghan
Published: May 2024

With the continuous development of science and technology, cars have become an indispensable means of transportation for human beings in daily travel. More and more cars appear in our life. In recent years, as consumer awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection has increased, global demand for sustainable development has increased, and many new energy vehicles. Because the non-renewable resources such as oil and natural gas needed by traditional fuel cars are consumed faster and faster, the exhaust emissions of traditional cars are polluting the environment increases, so new energy vehicles are the future development trend of the automobile industry. With the international context of the rapid development of new energy trams, the sales volume of electric vehicles in China's automobile market is not good. Through data analysis and industry research, the key factors and reasons affecting the development of electric vehicles are found, make certain suggestions to Chinese new energy electric vehicle companies, in order to change the current situation of low sales of new energy vehicles, the report objectively and truly analyses the future planning of the development of Chinese electric vehicle enterprises and the change of the development trend, as well as the moderate fine-tuning of the sales pricing.
Theoretical Prerequisites for Studying Phraseological Terms and Their Variants in Business English
Authors:   Vladimir State University, Fedulenkova Tat’yana N. , Kontanistova Anna I.
Published: May 2024

This article studies theoretical material in the field of phraseology and terminology of business English, placing special emphasis on the variability of phraseological units and terms. The paper presents an analytical review of recent and relevant dissertations, monographs and research articles on business phraseology and terminology as well as variability thereof. The lexical composition of business language and the role of phraseological units in it are examined. The review lists a number of articles explaining the trend towards phraseologization of numerous terms used in business communication. Further, the paper studies current views on the structure of the meaning of the term and examines three main approaches to the definition of the term. Special attention is paid to the motivation of terms and lack of motivation of phraseological terms. The process of terms becoming phraseological units and vice versa is investigated, as well as the transfer of existing phraseological terms into a new phraseological-semantic field; terms describing these processes are considered. Further, the review mentions academic works looking into ways of enriching the terminology of modern business English with new phraseological terms, which include metaphorical and metonymic interpretations of the prototype. In addition, studies into phraseological variation are presented, analysing the concept of phraseological variant and its typological classifications; works on terminological variation are listed. The phenomenon of variation is considered in terms of both expression and content. The review of existing scholarly works confirms the need for further careful research into phraseological terms and their variants.
SOCIOLINGUISTIC COMPETENCIES IN ORAL TRANSLATION
Authors:   Assistant of Tashkent institute of textile and light industry,Uzbekistan, Alpisbaevna Djoldasova Asem
Published: May 2024

Translating is sociolinguistic activity. We can define sociolinguistics as the study of language in relation to society, and this is how we shall be taking the term in this book. Sociolinguistics has become a recognized part of most courses at university level on 'linguistics' or 'language', and is indeed one of the main growth points in the study of language, from the point of view of both teaching and research. There are now major English-language journals devoted to research publications) and a number of introductory textbooks, apart from the present one.
DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS' INTELLECTUAL COMPETENCE
Authors:   Researcher of the Institute of Counter-Engineering and Economics, Uzbekistan, ogli Uzokov Shahrizod Zafarjan
Published: May 2024

In the article, in the process of higher education, the qualities of students such as mobility, dynamism, professionalism, competitiveness, intellectual development of students, in particular, the fact that the result of education is all the subsequent behavior, activities and lifestyle of a person, serious changes in the personality of higher education, qualities such as mobility, dynamism, professionalism, competitiveness , that the intellectual development of students, in particular, depends on the qualities that require the development of their intellectual potential, the intellectuality of students simultaneously with education, which includes the enrichment of the mental experience of each person in the direction of increasing his intellectual efficiency and increasing the individuality of his mentality, intellectual development, intellectual abilities are based on the ability and willingness to self-educate, the ability to effectively apply one's knowledge in solving current problems, as well as the ability to regulate and balance one's intelligence in accordance with the surrounding reality, issues of intellectual potential development, possibilities and content of forming the intellectual competence of students in higher education -the essence is interpreted.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
Authors:   Teacher of Shahrisabz State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan, kizi Holbozarova Nasiba Holbozar
Published: May 2024

According to the fact that the formation of certain skills and competencies in higher education requires a new approach to the educational process, the need for a technological approach, important conditions, important directions, the intended result of the development of the educational system -the development of the thinking ability of the young generation, the need to focus on increasing the intellectual potential, every issues of educating a learner taking into account his social needs, coordinating with the interests of society, preparing him for independent life and ensuring that he acquires the qualities of professional competence; Issues such as the need to be able to ensure the organization of effective practical actions on the way to development and the formation of the individual by the education system as an integral unit of education and upbringing were interpreted.
Task-order control in dual-tasks: Only
marginal interactions between conflict at lower levels and higher processes of task
organization
Authors: Koob Valentin , Dignath David , Janczyk Markus
Published: May 2024

When simultaneously performing two tasks that share response properties,
interference can occur. Besides general performance decrements, performance in the
first task is worse when the second task requires a spatially incompatible response,
known as the backward crosstalk effect (BCE). The size of this BCE, similar to
congruency effects in conflict tasks, is subject to a sequential modulation, with a
smaller BCE after incompatible compared to compatible trials. In the present study,
we focus on a potential bidirectional interaction between crosstalk (and its
resolution) at a lower level of task performance and higher-order processes of task
organization. Two questions were of particular interest: First, do participants
switch task order more frequently after a conflict-prone incompatible trial than
after a compatible trial? Second, does changing task order influence the efficiency
of conflict resolution, as indexed by the size of the sequential modulation of the
BCE. Across four experiments, we only found marginal evidence for an influence of
lower-level conflict on higher-order processes of task organization, with only one
experiment revealing a tendency to repeat task order following conflict. Our results
thus suggest practical independence between conflict and task-order control. When
separating processes of task selection and task performance, the sequential
modulation was generally diminished, suggesting that conflict resolution in
dual-tasks can be disrupted by a deliberate decision about task order, or,
alternatively, by a longer inter-trial interval. Finally, the study found a strong
bias towards repeating the same task order across trials, suggesting that task-order
sets not only impact task performance but also guide task selection.
Measuring transformative virtual reality experiences in children’s drawings
Authors: van Limpt-Broers H. Anna T. , Postma Marie , Louwerse Max M.
Published: May 2024

Transformative experiences in an individual’s life have a lasting impact on identity, belief system, and values. At the core of these experiences is the complex emotion of awe that promotes learning, making it worthwhile to study from an educational point of view. Drawing studies may provide a useful measure of awe in children—one that is more intuitive and attractive than questionnaires alone. Previous studies conducted with adults indicated that the diminished self, associated with transformative experiences, manifests in an actual decrease in size for figures representing the self in drawings. In the current study, self-representation was investigated in drawings of 10- to 12-year-old primary school children within the context of an immersive virtual reality (VR) experience that elicits the overview effect, known to lead to an intense apperception of awe. We did not replicate the adult findings regarding self-size in this younger age group. However, details and complexity in children’s drawings appeared to be impacted by the awe-elicitation procedure in VR. These elements subsequently correlated to learning gains instead of the overview effect, indicating that this measure could be linked to cognitive ability. The findings of the current study contribute to a better understanding of how drawings reflect self-transcendental experiences; however, they also reveal that in younger age groups, they are not necessarily reflected in decreased self-size.
Does the reliability of computational models truly improve with hierarchical modeling? Some recommendations and considerations for the assessment of model parameter reliability
Authors: Katahira Kentaro , Oba Takeyuki , Toyama Asako
Published: May 2024

Computational modeling of behavior is increasingly being adopted as a standard methodology in psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and computational psychiatry. This approach involves estimating parameters in a computational (or cognitive) model that represents the computational processes of the underlying behavior. In this approach, the reliability of the parameter estimates is an important issue. The use of hierarchical (Bayesian) approaches, which place a prior on each model parameter of the individual participants, is thought to improve the reliability of the parameters. However, the characteristics of reliability in parameter estimates, especially when individual-level priors are assumed, as in hierarchical models, have not yet been fully discussed. Furthermore, the suitability of different reliability measures for assessing parameter reliability is not thoroughly understood. In this study, we conduct a systematic examination of these issues through theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, focusing specifically on reinforcement learning models. We note that the heterogeneity in the estimation precision of individual parameters, particularly with priors, can skew reliability measures toward individuals with higher precision. We further note that there are two factors that reduce reliability, namely estimation error and intersession variation in the true parameters, and we discuss how to evaluate these factors separately. Based on the considerations of this study, we present several recommendations and cautions for assessing the reliability of the model parameters.
Electron-induced deposition using Fe(CO)4MA and Fe(CO)5 – effect of MA ligand and process conditions
Authors: Boeckers Hannah , Chaudhary Atul , Martinović Petra , Walker Amy V , McElwee-White Lisa , Swiderek Petra
Published: May 2024

The electron-induced decomposition of Fe(CO)4MA (MA = methyl acrylate), which is a potential new precursor for focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID), was investigated by surface science experiments under UHV conditions. Auger electron spectroscopy was used to monitor deposit formation. The comparison between Fe(CO)4MA and Fe(CO)5 revealed the effect of the modified ligand architecture on the deposit formation in electron irradiation experiments that mimic FEBID and cryo-FEBID processes. Electron-stimulated desorption and post-irradiation thermal desorption spectrometry were used to obtain insight into the fate of the ligands upon electron irradiation. As a key finding, the deposits obtained from Fe(CO)4MA and Fe(CO)5 were surprisingly similar, and the relative amount of carbon in deposits prepared from Fe(CO)4MA was considerably less than the amount of carbon in the MA ligand. This demonstrates that electron irradiation efficiently cleaves the neutral MA ligand from the precursor. In addition to deposit formation by electron irradiation, the thermal decomposition of Fe(CO)4MA and Fe(CO)5 on an Fe seed layer prepared by EBID was compared. While Fe(CO)5 sustains autocatalytic growth of the deposit, the MA ligand hinders the thermal decomposition in the case of Fe(CO)4MA. The heteroleptic precursor Fe(CO)4MA, thus, offers the possibility to suppress contributions of thermal reactions, which can compromise control over the deposit shape and size in FEBID processes.
Structure–property relationships in dicyanopyrazinoquinoxalines and their hydrogen-bonding-capable dihydropyrazinoquinoxalinedione derivatives
Authors: Akhmedov Tural N , Kumar Ajeet , Starkenburg Daken J , Chesney Kyle J , Abboud Khalil A , Akhmedov Novruz G , Xue Jiangeng , Castellano Ronald K
Published: May 2024

Presented here is the design, synthesis, and study of a variety of novel hydrogen-bonding-capable π-conjugated N-heteroacenes, 1,4-dihydropyrazino[2,3-b]quinoxaline-2,3-diones (DPQDs). The DPQDs were accessed from the corresponding weakly hydrogen-bonding dicyanopyrazinoquinoxaline (DCPQ) suspensions with excess potassium hydroxide, resulting in moderate to good yields. Both families of compounds were analyzed by UV–vis and NMR spectroscopy, where the consequences of hydrogen bonding capability could be assessed through the structure–property studies. Conversion of the DCPQs into hydrogen-bonding capable DPQDs results in modulation of frontier MO energies, higher molar extinction coefficients, enhanced crystallinity, and on-average higher thermal stability (where in some cases the 5% weight loss temperature is increased by up to 100 °C). Single crystal X-ray diffraction data could be obtained for three DPQDs. One reveals pairwise hydrogen bonding in the solid state as well as a herringbone packing arrangement rendering it a promising candidate for additional studies in the context of organic optoelectronic devices.
Signal generation in dynamic interferometric displacement detection
Authors: Khachatryan Knarik , Anter Simon , Reichling Michael , von Schmidsfeld Alexander
Published: May 2024

Laser interferometry is a well-established and widely used technique for precise displacement measurements. In a non-contact atomic force microscope (NC-AFM) it facilitates the force measurement by recording the periodic displacement of an oscillating micro-cantilever. To understand signal generation in a NC-AFM based on a Michelson type interferometer, we evaluate the non-linear response of the interferometer to the harmonic displacement of the cantilever in the time domain. As the interferometer signal is limited in amplitude due to the spatial periodicity of the interferometer light field, an increasing cantilever oscillation amplitude creates an output signal with an increasingly complex temporal structure. By the fit of a model to the measured time-domain signal, all parameters governing the interferometric displacement signal can be precisely determined. It is demonstrated, that such an analysis specifically allows the calibration of the cantilever oscillation amplitude with 0.15% accuracy.
Burnout in Optometry.....How do we compare?
Authors: Weaver Jeffrey L.
Published: May 2024

Letter to the Editor
Digital Democracy: Exploring the Potential and Challenges of SIPOL in the 2024 Indonesian Election
Authors: Saputro Febrianto Adi
Published: May 2024

This research discusses the use of the SIPOL application as a form of digital transformation carried out by the KPU in the registration process as a candidate for the 2024 Election. The use of SIPOL for preparation for the 2024 Election is the second year it has been used. Previously, SIPOL was also used in 2017 to prepare for the 2019 Election. As a result, this research found that the use of SIPOL for the 2024 Election was better than the use of SIPOL for the 2019 Election. It was also found that the use of SIPOL aims to increase public participation in the 2024 elections. Additionally, SIPOL contributes to transparent and accountable elections. However, in its implementation, researchers found that the use of SIPOL still encountered many problems, for example the recording of a person's Population Identification Number (NIK) by a political party to be registered as a party member. Furthermore, some political parties still faced challenges in accessing SIPOL. SIPOL is also considered to be unable to help the public monitor political parties in fulfilling the requirements regulated by law. This research aims to explain the application of SIPOL in the registration stages of candidate participants in the 2024 election and to identify opportunities and challenges associated with using the SIPOL application. This research uses a qualitative descriptive analysis method. Data collection was carried out through the interview method accompanied by literature analysis and reporting in online media.
MONITORING THE PREVALENCE OF MYCOTOXINS IN FEED COMMODITY OF RUSSIA IN 2023
Authors:   DSM Nutritional Products Russia, Animal Nutrition & Health, MAKSIMOV Т.P. , KUDRYASHOV A.A. ,   St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine
Published: May 2024

Contamination level of mycotoxins monitoring is being conducted by DSM ANH Russia annually for commodities are used in swine, poultry, aqua and ruminant farms. This monitoring is a support to define and adopt strategy of using products for feed quality improvement, used in agriculture.
PENGARUH PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI TERHADAP SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DI INDONESIA PADA ERA MODERN
Authors: Abdillah Fazli , Ramadhan Yuda Mulia
Published: May 2024

Kemiskinan di Indonesia merupakan salah satu penyakit dalam ekonomi, sehingga harus disembuhkan atau paling tidak dikurangi. Permasalahan kemiskinan memang merupakan permasalahan yang kompleks dan bersifat multidimensional. Oleh karena itu, upaya pengentasan kemiskinan harus dilakukan secara komprehensif, mencakup berbagai aspek kehidupan masyarakat, dan dilaksanakan secara terpadu. Istilah kemiskinan muncul ketika seseorang atau sekelompok orang tidak mampu mencukupi tingkat kemakmuran ekonomi yang dianggap sebagai kebutuhan minimal dari standar hidup tertentu. Kemiskinan disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, di antaranya kualitas pembangunan manusia yang rendah, pertumbuhan ekonomi yang semu, dan kesenjangan/disparitas antar wilayah. Tingkat kemiskinan adalah tindakan yang mengkomunikasikan berapa banyak konsumsi untukmengatasi masalah. Garis kemiskinan yang digunakan oleh setiap bangsa adalah unik, sehingga tidak ada garis kemiskinan yang sebagian besar diakui. Ini karena perbedaan wilayah dan cara hidup. Dari perspektif yang ketat, kebutuhan dianggap sebagai kondisi tidak adanya uang tunai dan barang dagangan untuk menjamin kehidupan. Pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu negara dapat dikatakan berhasil apabila laju pertumbuhan PDB lebih tinggi dari laju pertumbuhan penduduk negara yang bersangkutan. Dengan demikian, pertumbuhan ekonomi tersebut akan lebih bermakna pada kehidupan masyarakat
Peran UMKM dalam Penanggulangan Kemiskinan di Indonesia
Authors: Ramadhan Yuda Mulia
Published: May 2024

Artikel ini membahas peran penting yang dimainkan oleh Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) dalam upaya penanggulangan kemiskinan di Indonesia. Kemiskinan merupakan masalah sosial yang kompleks dan multidimensional yang memerlukan pendekatan holistik untuk mengatasi tantangannya. UMKM, sebagai tulang punggung ekonomi di Indonesia, memiliki potensi besar untuk menjadi agen perubahan dalam mengurangi tingkat kemiskinan. Selain itu, artikel ini menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja UMKM dalam konteks penanggulangan kemiskinan, seperti akses terhadap modal, pelatihan keterampilan, dan dukungan kebijakan. Melalui pemahaman mendalam terhadap peran dan tantangan yang dihadapi UMKM, artikel ini memberikan wawasan bagi pemangku kepentingan, termasuk pemerintah, lembaga keuangan, dan organisasi non-pemerintah, untuk merancang kebijakan dan program yang mendukung perkembangan UMKM sebagai agen utama dalam mengurangi tingkat kemiskinan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif untuk menyajikan data dan analisis yang komprehensif. Hasil studi ini dapat menjadi dasar bagi perumusan kebijakan yang berkelanjutan dalam mendukung UMKM sebagai salah satu solusi strategis dalam mengatasi masalah kemiskinan di Indonesia.
Peran Pendidikan Ekonomi dalam Meningkatkan Kewirausahaan Generasi Muda
Authors: Aisaura Ezra
Published: May 2024

Kewirausahaan merupakan salah satu aspek penting dalam pembangunan ekonomi suatu negara. Generasi muda merupakan salah satu kelompok yang memiliki potensi besar untuk menjadi wirausahawan. Pendidikan ekonomi memiliki peran penting dalam meningkatkan kewirausahaan generasi muda. Pendidikan ekonomi dapat membekali generasi muda dengan pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan sikap yang diperlukan untuk menjadi wirausahawan yang sukses. Pengetahuan ekonomi yang memadai dapat membantu generasi muda untuk memahami konsep-konsep dasar ekonomi, seperti permintaan, penawaran, dan pasar. Keterampilan ekonomi, seperti berpikir kritis, memecahkan masalah, dan pengambilan keputusan, dapat membantu generasi muda untuk mengembangkan ide bisnis dan mengelola bisnisnya. Sikap positif, seperti berani mengambil risiko, inovatif, dan kerja keras, dapat membantu generasi muda untuk menghadapi tantangan dalam berwirausaha. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran pendidikan ekonomi dalam meningkatkan kewirausahaan generasi muda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pendidikan ekonomi memiliki peran penting dalam meningkatkan kewirausahaan generasi muda. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan ekonomi di Indonesia.
The Effects of Social Support and Perception of the Supporting Policy on the Self-Reliance among Unmarried Mothers
Authors:   The Korea Academy of Case Management, Yoon Hye in , Choi In duck
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of social support of unmarried mothers and the level of awareness of the unmarried mother support system on their will to become independent. To this end, data of 145 unmarried mothers in the 00 Unmarried Mothers Association were used for the final analysis. As a result of the analysis, among the sub-factors of social support, evaluation support and parenting and care among the sub-factors of the level of recognition of the unmarried mother support system showed a statistically significant positive (+) relationship with the will to become independent. Based on these research results, I would like to make the following suggestions. First, the related system should be supplemented with customized support that meets the needs and needs of unmarried mothers and fathers, and in addition, a strong support policy should be supported so that unmarried mothers can become economically independent by recognizing the qualifications for basic supply regardless of employment status or income. Second, it is necessary to strengthen the promotion of individual programs of the unmarried mother support system, improve the delivery system, and change social awareness. Third, since the subjective health status affects the will of unmarried mothers to become independent, it is required to prepare health support and mental health programs for unmarried mothers to raise awareness of the subjective health status. Based on the results of this study, I hope that practical and policy discussions to improve the will of unmarried mothers to become independent will be activated
Factors Affecting Subjective Health Satisfaction of Disabled People’s Economic Activity Experience -Focusing on the mediating effect of social relationships-
Authors:   The Korea Academy of Case Management, Jang Eun-jung , Park Yeon-sil
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to identify various direct and indirect factors that can improve the subjective health satisfaction of people with disabilities by examining the causal relationship between satisfaction with social relationships, family relationships and acquaintance relationships, in the effect of job search experience on subjective health satisfaction of people with disabilities. The main results of the analysis are as follows. It was found that people with disabilities who have more job search experience
have higher social relationships (family/acquaintances), and people with disabilities who have higher social relationships (family/acquaintances) have higher subjective health satisfaction. Based on our analysis, we make the following policy recommendations. First, a vocational training system should be established to strengthen the professionalism of people with disabilities so that they can increase the satisfaction of social relationships (family/acquaintances) through various job search experiences. Second, as family relationship satisfaction among social relationships has a significant effect on the subjective health satisfaction of people with disabilities through mediating job search experience, it is necessary to expand the provision of family-friendly programs in the community to improve family relationship satisfaction.
An Institutional Ethnography Study of Work Organization in Case Management at Social Welfare Centers
Authors:   The Korea Academy of Case Management, Chun Moon-Kwon , Hoe Maanse
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to explore the case management in social welfare centers and to identify the texts that influence the case management using institutional ethnography. To achieve this, qualitative face-to-face interviews with case managers and administrators in social welfare centers were conducted and the interview contents were analyzed. The main findings of the study are as follows. First, the text that influencing case management in social welfare centers can be divided into two phases; ‘administrative texts for case management in social welfare centers’ and ‘unstructured texts required for case managers’. Five types of administrative texts for case management and six types of unstructured texts, including the discovery of welfare blind spots, were identified. secondary, the texts revealed in this study were found to influence case management practices in social welfare centers in a variety of ways, contributing to the institutionalization of case management. The research findings were discussed in the text. The main implication of the discussion is that case management in social welfare centers is needed so that the subjects of social action can be more clearly revealed, and for this, case management in which case managers and clients of social welfare centers can take the lead.
Festagram : College Event Management System
Authors: S. Mitkari Shoma , Bangar Tararani , Gaikwad Gayatri
Published: May 2024

Festagram, an innovative application revolutionizing event management within educational institutions. Designed to empower teachers, Festagram streamlines the event organization process by enabling seamless event creation, comprehensive posting of event details, and effortless guest invitations. With a user- friendly interface, teachers can swiftly invite guests, receive feedback, and announce event winners. Emphasizing convenience for students, Festagram eliminates manual registration, allowing participation with a simple click on event posts. Furthermore, students can effortlessly submit feedback forms and stay updated on event outcomes, including winner announcements. Festagram emerges as a dynamic platform fostering seamless collaboration and engagement, enriching the collegiate event experience for all stakeholders.
In Vitro Biocompatibility of Red Tomato Cells (Solanum lycopersicum) and Green Tomato Cells (Physalis philadelphica) over hydrogels based on collagen-starch-Mo-MOFs
Authors: Denis A Cabrera-Munguia , Abigail Vasquez-Mejorado , M.Ileana León-Campos , Torres-LeónCristian  , Rosa E. del Río , Jesús A Claudio-Rizo
Published: May 2024

The germination and growth of red tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and green tomato (Physalis philadelphica) plants depends on water availability and micronutrients from the soil. Then, hydrogels based on collagen, starch, and Mo-MOFs were synthesized to provide enough water and micronutrients such as molybdenum and amino acids (histidine, phenylalanine, tryptophan), suitable to allow the growth, proliferation, and migration of red tomato and green tomato cells living over these hydrogels. FTIR and ninhydrin essay studied the main functional groups of hydrogels and their reticulation index, respectively. Also, the MTT test served to measure the metabolism of red tomato and green tomato cells (extracted from seeds) living on these hydrogel surfaces. At the same time, the cell migration of red tomato and green tomato cells was observed when cells were encapsulated into the hydrogels and observed by microscope. The main results show that the hydrogel with Mo-MOF composed of tryptophan presents the best cell viability and cell migration essay, this is indicative that tryptophan is non-cytotoxic and does not disturb the metabolism of vegetal cells, but also, that within this microenvironment vegetal cells from red and green tomato are allowed to form vegetal tissues, and thus germinate quickly in a controlled environment.