bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of ATPase activity and lipid peroxidation indicators in liver tissue in experimental peritonitis using the drug “Seroguard”
Authors: Chepurnykh E. E. , Bogorodskaya S. L. , Shurygina I. A. , Rodionova L. V. , Samoilova L. G. , Shurygin M. G.
Published: January 2025

Background. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of peritonitis, which leads to a decrease in antioxidant level and an increase in oxidant production. Studying ATPase activity and lipid peroxidation when using new methods of treating experimental peritonitis is of interest for clinical practice.

The aim. To study the dynamics of ATPase activity and lipid peroxidation indicators in liver tissue in experimental peritonitis when using Serogard.

Methods. The study was conducted on male Wistar rats aged 6 months. All animals were subjected to experimental peritonitis using the method we developed. Animals in the control group (n = 20) were intraperitoneally injected with 3 ml of physiological solution one day after modeling peritonitis; animals in the experimental group (n = 19) were injected Serogard® (AO Pharmasintez, Russia). We determined the initial values of the indicators in healthy rats (n = 7). In animal liver tissue, total and mitochondrial ATPase activity was  studied, as  well  as the  content of  malondialdehyde (MDA) and diene conjugates (DC).

Results. It was found that the total and mitochondrial activity of ATPases was suppressed by the day 3 of experimental peritonitis. During 14 days of the experiment, ATPase activity did not reach normal levels in any of the groups. However, animals in  the  experimental group had dynamics of  a  more steady, significant increase in the total ATPase and the mitochondrial ATPase (ATP synthase) activity with a significantly higher level than in the control group. MDA and DC in the experimental group increased by days 7–14, which indicated the activity of free radical processes and was also an indicator of the dynamics of restoration of metabolic and energy processes.

Conclusion. Using Serogard in experimental peritonitis contributed to a more effective restoration of total ATPase activity and mitochondrial ATPase (ATP synthase) and on days 7–14 of the study led to an increase in the level of free radical processes activity that accompany and indicate the process of aerobic energy restoration.
Deep Neck Abscess: A case report
Authors: I Dewa Gede Arta Eka Putra  , Putu Dian Ariyanti Putri  , Ketut Tadeus Max Nurcahya Pinatih  , Roselina Reniati
Published: January 2025

Background: Deep Neck Abscess is a severe neck infection characterized by abscess formation in the submandibular and sublingual spaces, typically originating from odontogenic infections. Despite declining incidence due to antibiotics, the condition remains a critical concern in developing countries. It can cause life-threatening complications like airway obstruction and mediastinitis if left untreated.
Objective: To report a case of Deep Neck Abscess in a 32-year-old female with an odontogenic infection.
Case Report: A 32-year-old female presented with progressive neck swelling, trismus, and pain originating from a lower molar infection. Examination revealed fluctuating masses in the submandibular and submental regions, with CT imaging confirming extensive abscess formation. Laboratory tests showed leukocytosis.
Clinical question: What is the management of Deep Neck Abscess with an odontogenic infection?
Methods: Evidence-based literature study of Deep Neck Abscess with an odontogenic infection.
Result: Treatment for Deep Neck Abscess are surgical drainage and antimicrobial therapy.
Conclusion: Timely diagnosis, appropriate imaging, surgical intervention, and targeted antimicrobial therapy are crucial for successful management of Deep Neck Abscess. This case demonstrates the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to prevent life-threatening complications and achieve favorable outcomes.
Data protection and privacy in e-commerce environment: Systematic review
Authors: Elizabeth Atieno Otieno
Published: January 2025

The rapid expansion of e-commerce has revolutionized how businesses and consumers interact, but it has also raised significant concerns regarding data protection and privacy. This systematic review examines existing research on data protection and privacy in the e-commerce environment, with a focus on identifying key challenges, solutions, and trends. A comprehensive search of academic databases was conducted, covering studies published over the last two decades. The findings highlight the vulnerabilities inherent in e-commerce systems, including data breaches, identity theft, and inadequate compliance with evolving privacy regulations such as General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). Emerging technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, and privacy-preserving algorithms are explored as potential solutions to enhance data security and consumer trust. Additionally, the review underscores the critical role of user awareness, organizational practices, and regulatory enforcement in creating a robust data protection framework. This paper aims to provide researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders with a consolidated understanding of current practices and future directions for safeguarding data privacy in the e-commerce sector.
An investigation of the factors associated with public trust in the Sierra Leone Police
Authors: Vinord Musa
Published: January 2025

The stability and legitimacy of police institutions rely heavily on public confidence in law enforcement. In Sierra Leone, the public's trust in the Sierra Leone Police (SLP) has been influenced by a complex interplay of factors, including colonial history, post-conflict issues, economic disparities, and ongoing accountability concerns. Despite efforts to implement reforms and initiatives like community policing, public opinion of the SLP remains divided, highlighting the need for a more comprehensive examination of trust-influencing factors. While existing studies emphasize the importance of police effectiveness, procedural fairness, openness, and responsibility, there are still gaps in understanding how these elements interact in post-conflict environments. This research utilizes a quantitative methodology, employing a cross-sectional survey to gather data from 169 SLP personnel across various ranks and departments. Using structured questionnaires, the study assessed perceptions of police performance, community policing efforts, and media impact. The data was then analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through SmartPLS. Findings reveal that police performance is a crucial factor in fostering public trust, with transparency and accountability also playing significant roles. Community policing initiatives showed limited success due to implementation difficulties, while media portrayals considerably shaped public perception. Ongoing issues such as corruption and historical grievances continued to undermine trust. These results emphasize the necessity for targeted reforms addressing corruption, enhancing transparency, and improving community engagement. To rebuild trust and promote collaboration between law enforcement and the public in Sierra Leone, it is essential to strengthen media strategies and effectively implement community policing initiatives.
Optimizing crop yield forecasting with ensemble machine learning techniques
Authors: Bushara A. R  , Adnan Zaman K. T  , Fathima Misriya P. S
Published: January 2025

Accurate crop yield prediction is critical for ensuring food security and efficient agricultural management, particu- larly in the face of climate change and rising global populations. Current predictive models often fall short in generalizing across diverse agricultural contexts due to their inability to capture complex interactions between various climatic and soil variables effectively. This study addresses these gaps by proposing a com- prehensive machine-learning framework that integrates ensemble methods to enhance crop yield prediction accuracy. Using a dataset enriched with climatic and agricultural features, we evaluated multiple models, including Linear Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, Bagging Regressor, and K-nearest neighbors. The Random Forest model emerged as the top performer, achieving an accuracy of 0.985 and a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 1.08e+08. At the same time, the Bagging Regressor closely followed with an accuracy of 0.984 and comparable MSE. Gradient Boosting and XGBoost models also demonstrated robust performance, with accuracies ranging from 0.865 to 0.974 and MSE values between 9.60e+08 and 1.89e+08. Our approach includes extensive hyperparameter tuning and k-fold cross-validation to ensure model generalizability and robustness across agricultural scenarios. These findings highlight the effectiveness of ensemble methods in capturing complex data relationships and their superiority over traditional models in predicting crop yields. Our work sets the stage for future research into integrating real-time data and advanced hybrid models, aiming to refine predictive accuracy further and support sustainable agricultural practices.
Land use change, cropping pattern and productivity of major crops in Janjgir-Champa (C.G)
Authors: N. Guria  , Garima Tiwari  , Roshan Namdeo  , Ashok Singh Yadav
Published: January 2025

The primary objective of this study is to analyze the land use changes in Janjgir-Champa, examining their temporal and spatial patterns and identifying key drivers such as urbanization and agricultural practices. It aims to study the cropping patterns, focusing on the seasonal and spatial distribution of major crops like paddy, wheat, and pulses, while evaluating the impact of practices like crop rotation and intercropping on sustainability. The research also seeks to assess the productivity trends of these crops in relation to changing land use and farming techniques, identifying factors such as soil quality and irrigation.

Jangir-Champa, a prominent agricultural district in Chhattisgarh, India, is characterized by its rich agro-climatic diversity and reliance on traditional cropping systems. This study delves into the cropping patterns prevalent in the region, emphasizing the potential and adoption of organic farming practices. The analysis identifies major crops such as paddy, wheat, and pulses, exploring their spatial and seasonal distribution alongside intercropping and crop rotation methods. Organic farming, as an eco-friendly alternative, is gaining momentum in the region due to its promise of sustainability, improved soil health, and reduced chemical dependency. This research highlights the socio-economic benefits and challenges of transitioning to organic farming, including farmer awareness, certification hurdles, and market dynamics. By integrating field surveys, soil analyses, and farmer interviews, the study provides insights into optimizing cropping patterns while promoting organic farming. The findings aim to guide policymakers and stakeholders in fostering an agricultural paradigm that balances productivity, environmental health, and farmer livelihoods in Jangir-Champa.
Intensify public awareness of direct breastfeeding for healthful generation: Community support strategies
Authors: Raihan Kiara Murti
Published: January 2025

Direct breastfeeding plays a crucial role in developing a healthy and high-quality generation. Despite its scientifically proven benefits, awareness and practice of direct breastfeeding in society remain suboptimal. This study aims to analyze strategies for increasing public awareness about the importance of direct breastfeeding and identify factors influencing successful breastfeeding practices. The method used is a systematic literature review analyzing various direct breastfeeding research published in the last decade. The results show that low direct breastfeeding rates are influenced by several key factors, including lack of understanding about breast milk benefits, minimal family and workplace support, and circulation of misconceptions about breastfeeding. Effective awareness programs need to involve various stakeholders, including healthcare workers, community leaders, and mass media. Recommended interventions include prenatal education about direct breastfeeding benefits, formation of breastfeeding support groups at the community level, breastfeeding skills training for pregnant and nursing mothers, and policy advocacy supporting breastfeeding practices in the workplace. The comprehensive and sustainable implementation of these strategies is expected to increase public awareness about the importance of direct breastfeeding, ultimately contributing to the development of a healthier, smarter, and higher-quality future generation.
The influence of community-level digital health interventions by peer educators on HIV/AIDS prevention among adolescents: A scoping review
Authors: Nindi Oktavia  , Naomi Sondang  , Ardhia Putri Pramesti  , Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani  , Rizka Ayu Setyani  , Hadi Susiarno  , Victor Abiola Adepoju
Published: January 2025

Timely identification of HIV is crucial for mitigating transmission and enhancing treatment efficacy. Information and communication technology and digital media advancement have become integral to adolescent's daily lives. Platforms, including social media, instant messaging applications, and websites, offer novel avenues for disseminating health information, particularly on HIV/AIDS prevention. The peer educator model and digital media provide more interactive, personalized, and targeted dissemination of health messages. This study encompasses original research published in English, adhering to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses) guidelines. The search utilized Scopus, Science Direct, Pubmed, Medline, and Google Scholar data, covering selected publications from 2019 to 2024 during the last five years. The most notable rise transpired among the youngest demographic, specifically those aged 13 to 14, with an average knowledge increase of about 18%. Adolescents exposed to sexual and reproductive health education via peer discussion groups possessed superior awareness about HIV compared to those who were not exposed. Enhanced comprehension among students in the intervention group of HIV/AIDS, its transmission, and prevention methods. The control group students' knowledge did not improve during the post-test. The extent of peer educator engagement in HIV/AIDS knowledge among adolescents who received digital media intervention showed a significant increase of 1.90 times relative to the group that did not get such intervention (p<0.00001). The digital media intervention markedly enhanced peer educator engagement in HIV/AIDS awareness among adolescents. Digital media-based HIV screening initiatives are essential to improve access to HIV/AIDS information services.
Talo-navicular dislocation with concomitant navicular fracture, a rare midfoot injury: A case report
Authors: Khalil SAHBANI  , Anass ABAYDI  , Jihad RADI  , Kamal LAHRACH  , Fawzi BOUTAYEB
Published: January 2025

Talon-navicular dislocation fracture is an extremely rare injury. It has a poor functional prognosis, since in most cases it is complicated by osteoarthritis of the talonavicular joint.

We report a case of a closed talonavicular dislocation fracture in a 29-year-old patient following a road traffic accident. Reduction was performed urgently, with talo-navicular fixation using two k-wires. A cast was applied for 8 weeks, followed by rehabilitation sessions with good outcome at last follow-up
Subungual Melanoma with bone infiltration
Authors: Fouzia HALI  , Yousra HABIBI  , Bouchra BAGHAD  , Abdessamad RAJAALLAH  , Mohamed RAFAI  , Mounia DIOURI  , Nazha TAWFIK  , Farida MARNISSI  , Soumiya CHIHEB
Published: January 2025

Nail melanoma is rare and has a poor prognosis. It represents between 0.18 and 2.8% of all cutaneous melanomas. Amputation is usually performed for invasive nail melanoma, but not all invasive melanomas invade or attach to the distal phalanx. Our aim was to report a case of 56-year-old patient with history of a manipulated melanonychial band of the right big toe since 5 years presenting a nail melanoma with bone infiltration .Our patient illustrates the consequences of the late diagnosis of nail melanoma which led to a deep progression and the invasion of bone by the malignant melanocytes.
A significant publication in the bibliographic support of History
Authors:   federal state budget educational institution of higher education "Chelyabinsk State Institute of Culture", Rushanin Vladimir V. , Gushul Iuliia V. ,   federal state budget educational institution of higher education "Chelyabinsk State Institute of Culture"
Published: January 2025

Review of the biobibliographic reference book: Shilov D. N. Heads of the highest and central government institutions of the Russian Empire 1802–1917 : biobibliographic reference bk. : in 3 vols / D. N. Shilov ; Min. of culture of the Russ. Federation, Nat. Libr. of Russia, Federal Arch. Agency, Russ. State Historical Arch. – Saint Petersburg : Nestor-History, 2024. – Vol. 1. – 812 p. – ISBN 978-5-4469-2088-4 ; Vol. 2. 760 p. – ISBN 978-5-4469-2106-5 ; Vol. 3. 280 p. – ISBN 978-5-4469-2107-2.
Public museums of the North Kazakhstan Region in the 1925–1995
Authors:   the Public Association "Pavlodar House of Geography", Kozhokar Vitalij A.
Published: January 2025

The century-long history of volunteer-based museums in the Republic of Kazakhstan requires an impartial analysis and study. It is important for contemporary researchers to maintain a balanced perspective, avoiding both the overly enthusiastic Soviet viewpoint and the excessively critical assessments of the post-Soviet period when examining the history of the emergence and development of public museums. The digitalization and direct access to archival materials today have made it possible to conduct a deep analysis of the internal documentation of local museum institutions. This approach allows us to examine the issues of the emergence, construction, development, and decline of public museum practices not from the perspective of legal regulations, orders, and directives, but by linking their history with internal reports, letters, and the interests of the founders and patrons. The study reflects the main quantitative indicators, work directions, challenges, and successes characteristic of the five identified periods in the history of public museums in the region. The shared historical memory, reflected in the collections of public museums and cementing small communities, was a significant foundation for the stability of collectives and local settlements. It is precisely this experience that needs to be understood, analyzed, and applied in contemporary conditions.
Palimpsest and its features in the context of the history of S. M. Eisenstein’s film "The Old and the New"
Authors:   federal state budget educational institution of higher education "Saint Petersburg State University of Culture", Haunin Vladimir G.
Published: January 2025

Sergey Mikhailovich Eisenstein is a director, teacher, scientist, and artist who has been composing visual and verbal texts all his life. His film "The Old and the New" was not as famous and popular in the Soviet Union as "Battleship Potemkin" or "Alexander Nevsky". This article describes various stories around the filming, release on screens and the subsequent tacit ban of the tape. What is a palimpsest and a quasidocumentary film, what is the significance of the authorship of the director and non-professional artists for the atmosphere and symbolism of the film, how does the relationship between the artist and the authorities affect – the author of this study is trying to find answers to these and other questions.
Sizwe… Nyika… Nation!
Authors: Pfumayaramba Getrude Vimbayi (Munhamo)
Published: January 2025

A Stage Play
Survey on The Level of Farmers Understanding Regarding Anthraxnose Disease on Cayaly Plants
Authors: Molebila Didiana Yanuarita , Manek Marisa Lilisanti , Duka James A
Published: January 2025

Anthracnose is an important disease in cayenne pepper plants that can cause yield loss. The aim of this research is to determine the presence of anthracnose disease in cayenne peppers in Kopidil Village, and also the level of farmers' understanding of the existence of this disease. The research was conducted in April-July 2023 in Kopidil Village with a sample size of 30 respondents. Data was collected using direct interview techniques with farmers with questionnaires. The data obtained was analyzed quantitatively descriptively using descriptive statistics such as percentages and averages. The research results show that 70% of farmers fall into the category of high to very high understanding, and 35.85% of farmers are very aware of the existence of anthracnose disease in cayenne pepper plants in Kopidil Village.
Management of Rice Farming Production Factors Nutrizinc Inpari 48 Farmers Group “Ngudi Makmur
Authors: Andajani Wiwiek , Lisanty Nina , Andarini Marwita , Chumaidah Siti
Published: January 2025

Public health is essential for the resilience of Indonesian society, especially for future generations, and meeting nutritional needs. Rice (paddy), a staple food for Indonesians, plays a crucial role in human health. Ensuring its safety and nutritional value requires attention to the entire production process, from seed selection, cultivation, and plant maintenance to harvest and post-harvest handling. Given the high prevalence of malnutrition and stunting, the government has initiated programs to address these issues. In 2019, the Ministry of Agriculture introduced Inpari IR Nutri Zinc, a new rice variety rich in iron and zinc, to combat these problems. The research aimed to (1) determine the feasibility of farming this variety and (2) assess the efficiency of production factor usage in Nutrizinc Inpari 48 rice farming. This quantitative study, with a descriptive approach, was conducted through a survey, intentionally selecting the "NGUDI MAKMUR" farmer group in Balerejo Village, Kauman District, Tulungagung Regency, which implements the Nutrizinc Inpari 48 rice planting program. A census method was used to sample 30 farmers. Data analysis involved (1) Feasibility Analysis: R/C Ratio and (2) Hypothesis Testing. The results concluded that Nutrizinc Inpari 48 rice farming is feasible in using production factors such as fertilizers, pesticides, and labor. This study highlights the importance of targeted agricultural interventions in improving public health through enhanced nutritional intake.
Certificate program "Readiness, response and management of emergency situations" as a component in the formation of competencies for public health specialists
Authors: Hrynzovskyi A.M. , Kalashchenko S.I. , Kuzin I.V. , Lutsak O.O. , Chernenko L.M. , Fabish A.D. , Ostapchuk T.M. , Bondarenko D.A.
Published: January 2025

In the field of public health, the acquiring of relevant knowledge, skills and competencies for managing emergencies as well as the problem of effective response to them, and how to mitigate their consequences within the healthcare system are the crucial issues. The research employs bibliosemantic, informational, analytical, medical, statistical, sociological methods, method of content analysis, as well as surveys of practitioners from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the Public Health Center of Ukraine. The minimum sample size comprises 326 individuals, which was calculated using the statistical package G*Power; a total of 369 respondents participated in the survey. The statistical processing of the materials was carried out using the licensed program Microsoft Excel 2016. In addition, the inclusion criteria for respondents concerned the individuals who participated in rapid response groups (both primary and reserve). The exclusion criteria encompassed specialists who were on leave for various reasons, such as maternity or health-related issues, in addition to individuals who opted not to engage in the survey. When developing the requisite competencies, it is imperative to allocate appropriate consideration to the practical aspect, as evidenced by the information gathered through the survey. Thus, 47% of respondents believe that this aspect needs improvement. Furthermore, within the array of challenges linked to the attainment of requisite competencies, specialists from rapid response groups have delineated the subsequent factors: psychological and emotional stress, a perceived threat to personal safety (19%), inadequate levels of professional training (18.4%), health-related concerns (11.7%), and deficiencies in material and technical support (26.8%). Consequently, upon analysis of the acquired data, the imperative to initiate the subsequent modifications to the accredited program "Readiness, Response and Emergency Management" has been ascertained, namely: to enhance practical training methodologies, to underscore holistic competencies, to implement psychological training protocols, and to instruct on the operation with modern technical equipment.
Assessment of risks of post-traumatic stress disorder among Ukrainian military personnel as a component of public health preservation
Authors: Myronenko Y.E. , Kalashchenko S.I.
Published: January 2025

The paper is focused on exploring the potential impact of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among combatants on the national public health system. It utilizes scientific statistical data on the prevalence of PTSD symptoms among military personnel who have participated in armed conflicts worldwide over the past 50 years. For a deeper analysis of PTSD's potential influence on Ukraine's public health system, the research examines scientific data on major somatic and mental health disorders triggered by PTSD among military personnel. The study highlights the association between PTSD in combatants and the development of comorbid conditions such as depression, substance dependency, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. PTSD is identified as a key risk factor that should be accounted for when planning medical and preventive measures for Ukraine's Defense Forces. The article also analyzes global trends in the declining quality of life among military personnel due to reduced material and functional capabilities. It provides data on the direct and indirect costs of treatment and rehabilitation for PTSD and its associated comorbidities. Furthermore, the article discusses PTSD's impact on self-actualization abilities, such as education, employment, job retention, and interpersonal communication. These effects, resulting from PTSD's disruption of various aspects of life, inevitably lead to negative consequences and a sharp decline in the quality of life for affected individuals.
Effectiveness of the use of a plant immunostimulator for feline bordetelliosis
Authors: Gontar A.M. , Severyn R.V , Hlushchenko Ya.V. , Zaika P.O. , Symonenko S.I. , Mazaniy O.V. , Nikiforova O.V. , Severyn B.S.
Published: January 2025

In veterinary practice, veterinary specialists solve the important problem of the occurrence and development of immunodeficiency during respiratory infectious pathology in cats with the help of biologically active additives, probiotics, enzymes, immunostimulators and vitamins. Interferons are one of the most popular in use from the list of endogenous immunomodulators. But often the disadvantage of purely immunomodulatory drugs is their difficult transfer and the presence of a negative effect on the body of domestic animals. Therefore, an alternative to interferons in order to increase the immune resistance of the body and improve the well-being of cats is the search, development and use of preparations based on plant raw materials. The article presents the results of the study of the effectiveness of the herbal immunomodulator in comparison with the interferon drug "Anfluron", which was used in two complex treatment schemes for cats suffering from Bodetheliosis infection. To increase the immune resistance of cats for bordeteliosis, an aqueous solution of a medicinal composition based on the Rhodiola rosea root, Oplopanax root, Rozae fruits, Urtica dioica, Crataegus fruits, Hypericum perforatum fruits was used in an effective ratio of 1:1:1:0.8:0.8:0.5. As a result of the use of the specified herbal preparation, a positive trend in the reduction of the manifestation of clinical signs in sick cats was established from the 6th day of use with a direct correlation of the decrease in the manifestation of clinical signs in sick animals treated with a classic interferon drug. As a result of the application of complex therapeutic regimens using various immunomodulatory drugs, a significant alignment of hematological indicators to the physiological norm was noted on the 10th and 14th day of treatment in animals of both study groups. The results obtained in the comparative aspect showed that the proposed herbal preparation has an immunostimulating effect, improves the general condition and can be used in the complex treatment of cats with bordetelliosis.
Effects of Breast-Conserving Surgery Combined with Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy on Breast Cosmetic Appearance and Systemic Stress of Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Ji Jing , Shi Junfeng , Da Xia , Wang Guozhu , Xu Jin
Published: January 2025

Background: We aimed to evaluate breast-conserving surgery plus sentinel lymph node biopsy in affecting breast cosmetic appearance and systemic stress of breast cancer patients. Methods: A total of 150 early breast cancer patients admitted between January 2020 and September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Propensity score matching was performed to minimize selection bias based on baseline characteristics, resulting in two matched groups of 55 patients each. The observation group received breast-conserving surgery and sentinel lymph node biopsy, while the control group underwent breast-conserving surgery and axillary lymph node dissection. Results: The observation group experienced shortened operation time and extubation time compared with the control group, and there were significantly different blood losses between the two groups (p < 0.05). The observation group was significantly superior to the control group in terms of the postoperative quality of life (p < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of plasma procalcitonin (PCT) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the two groups decreased. By contrast to those in the control group, PCT, TNF-α, carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 125 presented significantly reduced levels in the observation group following treatment (p < 0.05). The observation group, compared to the control group, exhibited significant improvement of the breast appearance (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) expression (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Breast-conserving surgery and sentinel lymph node biopsy are simple and can reduce the complications and benefit the recovery of patients.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Combined with Serological Markers Improves the Diagnosis of Placenta Previa with Placenta Accreta Spectrum
Authors: Wang Ying , Hou Zhengdong , Xia Bingqing , Xie Xianjing , He Ying
Published: January 2025

Background: Placenta previa (PP) combined with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a serious obstetric condition that increases the risk of maternal and fetal complications. Early diagnosis is therefore crucial for improving outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with three serological markers (alpha-fetoprotein [AFP], creatine kinase [CK], and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 [sFlt-1]) for the diagnosis of PP with PAS. Methods: This retrospective study included 243 patients with suspected PP and PAS treated at two hospitals between August 2018 and August 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on surgical and pathological findings: PP+PAS (+) and PP+PAS (–). The serum levels of AFP, CK, and sFlt-1 were measured, and optimal diagnostic thresholds were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The diagnostic performance of MRI, serological markers, and a combination of the two was compared with that of surgical pathology. Results: Serum AFP, CK, and sFlt-1 levels were significantly higher in the PP+PAS (+) group compared to the PP+PAS (–) group. The optimal thresholds of AFP, CK, and sFlt-1 for the diagnosis of PP+PAS (+) were 58.49 U/mL, 168.25 U/mL, and 2.28 ng/mL, respectively. A combined diagnostic approach using MRI and serological markers showed good accuracy, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.850, indicating good agreement with surgical pathology. Conclusions: Combining MRI with serological markers (AFP, CK, and sFlt-1) provides enhanced diagnostic accuracy for detecting PP with PAS as compared to either method alone. This approach can facilitate early diagnosis, improve clinical decision-making, and reduce the risks associated with surgical intervention.
Decreased Levels of Insulin-Regulated Aminopeptidase (IRAP) in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Köse Osman , Gök Koray , Köse Elif , Gözükara Sezen Irmak , Tüten Abdullah , Bostancı Mehmet Sühha
Published: January 2025

Background: Insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) is involved in insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism and is important in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Serum IRAP levels are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the IRAP level as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis and management of insulin resistance in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: This cohort study included 40 women with GDM and 40 women with healthy pregnancies. Maternal serum IRAP levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared between the two groups. Results: The mean serum IRAP level was significantly lower in the GDM group (0.73 ± 0.12 ng/mL) compared to the controls (0.92 ± 0.10 ng/mL) (p = 0.001). Pairwise comparisons indicated, that diet modified and insulin treated GDM subgroups had significantly lower serum IRAP levels than the control group (p < 0.017 and p < 0.017, respectively). Serum IRAP levels showed significant negative correlations with fasting glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (r = –0.541, p = 0.001; r = –0.447, p = 0.001; r = –0.584, p = 0.001; r = –0.361, p = 0.001). The optimum serum IRAP cut-off value was calculated to be 0.857 ng/mL, with a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 80% for the prediction of GDM (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The serum IRAP level in pregnant women diagnosed with GDM was significantly lower than in healthy pregnant women. Moreover, the serum IRAP level was negatively correlated with the levels of insulin, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR. These findings suggest that low serum IRAP level could be a novel biomarker for the prediction of GDM. Clinical Trial registration: The study has been registered on https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ (registration number: NCT06716320).
Studies on the Association of GCK and GCKR Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tu Hongxia , Zhang Youyi , Wang Mingyi
Published: January 2025

Background: A prevalent condition during pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects a significant proportion of pregnancies worldwide and poses substantial risks to maternal as well as fetal health. Polymorphisms in the glucokinase (GCK) and glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) genes, which are crucial for glucose homeostasis, may modulate susceptibility to GDM. Hence, this meta-analysis aimed to assess the relationship between GDM and polymorphisms in GCK (rs1799884, rs4607517) and GCKR (rs780094, rs1260326). Methods: In this systematic review, we retrieved data from PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. Studies were critically appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and meta-analyses were performed using STATA 12.0. The odds ratios (ORs) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and heterogeneity was assessed with Cochran’s Q test as well as I2 statistical tests, respectively. Moreover, Begg’s test helped in evaluating publication bias. Results: We included 20 studies, comprising 9745 GDM women and 15,830 controls. All genetic models showed a strong correlation between the GCK rs1799884 polymorphism and GDM, with carriers of the A allele exhibiting an increased risk. Conversely, GCK rs4607517, GCKR rs780094, and rs1260326 were not significantly associated. However, heterogeneity was influenced by ethnicity and diagnostic criteria. Conclusions: The GCK rs1799884 polymorphism can be a potential predictive marker because it is significantly associated with an increased risk of GDM.
Menopausal Hormone Therapy: Its Role in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases and the Risk of Breast Cancer in Women
Authors: Tran Tam Thai Thanh , Phung Thu Minh , Do Anh Thi Mai , Ly Quynh Tran Mai , Nguyen Tin Hoang
Published: January 2025

Objective: This review was conducted to explain how menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) benefits cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and how to control the risk of breast cancer. Mechanism: Estrogen deficiency, altered energy homeostasis, adipocyte changes, inflammation, and insulin resistance are responsible for the development of metabolic syndrome and CVDs. Estrogen influences hypothalamic function and maintains the energy balance, protecting menopausal women from these cardiovascular risk factors. However, estrogen metabolism plays a crucial role in the genotoxic pathway that leads to breast cancer. Moreover, MHT is associated with cell proliferation and mutation signaling pathways in breast cancer, as well as the process of growing the breast cancer stem cell. Findings in Brief: While MHT may have favorable effects when started early, introducing it later in the course of atherosclerosis may pose major dangers, underlining the importance of timing in hormone therapy. Estrogen-only therapy has a greater favorable effect on CVDs than the estrogen-progesterone combination. Although the connection between MHT and breast cancer is well-documented, significant knowledge gaps remain, especially regarding the long-term effects of newer MHT formulations. Current studies support using the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible duration, with a focus on tailoring therapy to individual risk factors, such as obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Thus, MHT should be customized due to the intricacy of individual risk factors and differences in responses to therapy. Conclusions: Although MHT is effective for controlling CVDs in women entering menopause, it must be used with caution, especially in women at high risk of breast cancer.
Impact of Vitamin D on Skin Aging, and Age-Related Dermatological Conditions
Authors: Ambagaspitiya Sankalya S. , Appuhamillage Gayan A. , Wimalawansa Sunil J.
Published: January 2025

Human skin is a physical and biochemical barrier that protects the internal body from the external environment. Throughout a person’s life, the skin undergoes both intrinsic and extrinsic aging, leading to microscopic and macroscopic changes in its morphology. In addition, the repair processes slow with aging, making the older population more susceptible to skin diseases. Intrinsic factors associated with advanced age gradually degrade the dermal collagen matrix, resulting in fine wrinkles and reduced elasticity; this is accelerated in post-menopausal women due to estrogen deficiency. In contrast, extrinsic factors associated with advanced age, primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, lead to coarse wrinkles, solar elastosis, hyperkeratosis, irregular pigmentation, and skin cancers. UVB radiation, while contributing to skin photo-aging, also induces the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D. Vitamin D, in turn, protects the skin from oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage, thereby delaying both chronological and photo-aging. Moreover, research has demonstrated an association between lower vitamin D levels and a higher prevalence of certain cutaneous diseases. This review explores and summarizes the critical role of vitamin D in skin aging and age-related skin diseases. The data presented highlight the importance of maintaining vitamin D adequacy throughout life.
Thyroid Hormone Activation Regulates the Crosstalk between Breast Cancer and Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Nappi Annarita , D’Esposito Vittoria , Miro Caterina , Parascandolo Alessia , Cicatiello Annunziata Gaetana , Sagliocchi Serena , Acampora Lucia , Torabinejad Sepehr , Restolfer Federica , Raia Maddalena , Murolo Melania , Di Cicco Emery , Formisano Pietro , Dentice Monica
Published: January 2025

Background: Thyroid Hormones (THs) critically impact human cancer. Although endowed with both tumor-promoting and inhibiting effects in different cancer types, excess of THs has been linked to enhanced tumor growth and progression. Breast cancer depends on the interaction between bulk tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment in which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert powerful pro-tumorigenic activities. Methods: Primary human MSCs from healthy female donors were co-cultured with DIO2 knock out (D2KO) and wild type (WT) MCF7 breast cancer cells to assess cell growth, migration, invasion and the expression of known epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)- and inflammation-related markers. Furthermore, a surgery-free intraductal delivery model, i.e., the Mouse-INtraDuctal (MIND) injection method, was used as a tool for in vivo characterization of breast tumor formation and progression. Results: In this study, we uncovered a novel role of THs in regulating the tumor-stroma crosstalk. MCF7 cells enhanced the intracellular activation of THs through the TH-activating enzyme, D2, fostering their EMT properties and the dialogue with MSCs. D2 inactivation reduced the invasiveness of MCF7 cells and their responsiveness to the pro-tumorigenic induction via MSCs, both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions: Thus, we argue that intracellular activation of THs via D2 is a critical requirement for invasive and metastatic conversion of breast cancer cells, advising the blocking of D2 as a potential therapeutic tool for cancer therapy.
Hyperactivity and Pro-inflammatory Functions of Platelets in Diabetes
Authors: Greaves Jordan , Pula Giordano
Published: January 2025

Cardiovascular complications claim the lives of up to 70% of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). The mechanisms increasing cardiovascular risk in DM remain to be fully understood and successfully addressed. Nonetheless, there is increasing evidence in the scientific literature of the participation of platelets in the cardiovascular complications of DM. Multiple reports describe the hyperactivity of platelets in DM and their participation in inflammatory responses. The understanding of the mechanisms underlying the contribution of platelets to cardiovascular pathologies in DM will help the development of targeted therapeutic strategies able to reduce cardiovascular risk in these patients. In this literature review, we summarise our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to the contribution of platelets to cardiovascular risk in DM. Both platelet haemostatic activity leading to thrombus formation and their participation to inflammatory processes are stimulated by the biochemical conditions associated with DM. We also present evidence on how DM affect the efficacy of existing therapeutic treatments for thrombosis and, by converse, how antidiabetic drugs may affect platelet function and the haemostasis/thrombosis balance. Taken together, the growing evidence of the different and unexpected roles of platelets in the progression of DM provides a strong rationale for the design of cardiovascular drugs targeting specifically platelets, their pro-inflammatory activity and their activation mechanisms in this disease. Overall, this article provides an important up-to-date overview of the pathophysiological alterations of platelets in DM, which need to be taken into account for the effective management of cardiovascular health in this disease.
Inhibition of Endothelial–Mesenchymal Transition Mediated by Activin Receptor Type IIA Attenuates Valvular Injury Induced by Group A Streptococcus in Lewis Rats
Authors: Lu Zirong , Li Yuan , Lu Chuanghong , Meng Zhongyuan , Bai Ling , Huang Feng , Zeng Zhiyu
Published: January 2025

Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD), which is caused mainly by Group A Streptococcus, leads to fibrotic damage to heart valves. Recently, endothelial‒mesenchymal transition (EndMT), in which activin plays an important role, has been shown to be an important factor in RHD valvular injury. However, the mechanism of activin activity and EndMT in RHD valvular injury is not clear. Methods: Our study was divided into two parts: in vivo and in vitro. We constructed a small interfering RNA (ACVR2A-siRNA) by silencing activin receptor type IIA (ACVR2A) and an adeno-associated virus (AAV-ACVR2A) containing a sequence that silenced ACVR2A. The EndMT cell model was established via human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and the RHD animal model was established via female Lewis rats. ACVR2A-siRNA and AAV-ACVR2A were used in the above experiments. Results: EndMT occurred in the valvular tissues of RHD rats, and activin and its associated intranuclear transcription factors were also activated during this process, with inflammatory infiltration and fibrotic damage also occurring in the valvular tissues. After inhibition of ACVR2A, EndMT in valvular tissues was also inhibited, and inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis were reduced. Endothelial cell experiments suggested that mesenchymal transition could be stimulated by activin and that inhibition of ACVR2A attenuated mesenchymal transition. Conclusions: Activin plays an important role in signal transduction during EndMT after activation, and inhibition of ACVR2A may attenuate RHD valvular damage by mediating EndMT. Targeting ACVR2A may be a therapeutic strategy to alleviate RHD valvular injury.
The Impact of Selenium on the Physiological Activity of Yeast Cells Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 7090 and Rhodotorula glutinis CCY 20-2-26
Authors: Sęk Wioletta , Kot Anna M. , Kieliszek Marek
Published: January 2025

Background: This study investigated the selenium-binding capacity of the biomass of two yeast strains, Saccharomyces cerevisiae American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 7090 and Rhodotorula glutinis CCY 20-2-26. Methods: The studies carried out methods of bioaccumulation by yeast biomass. Inorganic selenium was added to the culture media as an aqueous solution of Na2SeO3 at concentrations ranging from 0 to 40 mg Se4+/L. Results: The addition of selenium at concentrations >0.5 mg/L significantly reduced biomass yield compared with the control in the case of S. cerevisiae. A significant reduction in the biomass of R. glutinis was observed only at selenium doses >30 mg/L. The study found that for S. cerevisiae, cultivation should occur for 24 h in a medium with an initial selenium concentration of 20 mg/L to achieve the most efficient selenium accumulation by the yeast biomass. Under these conditions, the yeast could accumulate 4.27 mg Se4+/g. For the red yeast R. glutinis, optimal selenium binding conditions were achieved by cultivating for 48 h in a medium with an initial selenium ion concentration of 40 mg/L. This yeast strain was more resistant to high selenium doses, accumulating 7.53 mg Se4+/L at the highest tested dose (40 mg Se4+/L). Selenium supplementation of the medium from 20 mg Se4+/L and cultivation for 72 h caused significant changes in the morphology of S. cerevisiae cells (e.g., increased surface area compared with the control). Selenium doses of 20–40 mg/L after 48 h of cultivation significantly reduced the surface area compared with the control results for R. glutinis cells. Conclusions: Selenium significantly impacted carotenoid pigment production, with levels decreasing as the selenium concentration in the medium increased. Furthermore, selenium in the tested concentration range increased protein content in the cellular biomass but did not affect intracellular lipid production.