bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pain Neuroscience Education Reduces Pain and Improves Psychological Variables but Does Not Induce Plastic Changes Measured by Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF): A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Di-Bonaventura Silvia , Donado-Bermejo Aser , Montero-Cuadrado Federico , Barrero-Santiago Laura , Pérez-Pérez Lucía , León-Hernández José Vicente , Fernández-Carnero Josué , Ferrer-Peña Raúl
Published: January 2025

Introduction: PNE, focusing on cognitive aspects, aims to change patients’ beliefs about pain. However, it is unclear if these cognitive changes are sufficient to influence other components such as neuroplastic changes. Objective: To assess whether 3-h pain neuroscience education (PNE) can induce changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and pain intensity in chronic pain patients. Methods: A double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted with 66 participants aged 18–65 years old (50.86 ± 8.61) with chronic primary musculoskeletal pain divided into two groups: an intervention group receiving 3-h PNE lecture and a control group that received an educational booklet. Primary outcomes included plasma BDNF levels and perceived pain intensity (VAS). Secondary outcomes included anxiety (HADS-A), depression (HADS-D), catastrophizing (PCS), kinesiophobia (TSK), stress (PSS), and knowledge about pain. Measurements were taken in both groups before and after a three-hour intervention. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and Cohen’s d for effect sizes. Results: The results showed no significant changes in BDNF levels for the PNE lecture group (p = 0.708) or the educational booklet group (p = 0.298). Both groups showed significant reductions in pain intensity (PNE: p < 0.001, d = 0.70; booklet: p = 0.036, d = 0.39). Secondary variables, such as knowledge (PNE: p < 0.001, d = −0.972; booklet: p < 0.001, d = −0.975) and anxiety (PNE: p < 0.001, d = 0.70; booklet: p = 0.035, d = 0.39), also showed significant improvements. Conclusions: PNE did not significantly change BDNF levels but effectively improved pain intensity, pain-related knowledge, and other clinical variables. These findings suggest that while PNE has cognitive benefits, it may not be sufficient to induce immediate neurobiological changes. Further research is needed to explore long-term effects and incorporate additional therapeutic domains.
Automated Icon Extraction from Tourism Maps: A Synergistic Approach Integrating YOLOv8x and SAM
Authors: Cao Di , Yan Xinran , Li Jingjing , Li Jiayao , Wu Lili
Published: January 2025

Map symbols play a crucial role in cartographic representation. Among these symbols, icons are particularly valued for their vivid and intuitive designs, making them widely utilized in tourist maps. However, the diversity and complexity of these symbols present significant challenges to cartographic workflows. Icon design often relies on manual drawing, which is not only time-consuming but also heavily dependent on specialized skills. Automating the extraction of symbols from existing maps could greatly enhance the map symbol database, offering a valuable resource to support both symbol design and map production. Nevertheless, the intricate shapes and dense distribution of symbols in tourist maps complicate the accurate and efficient detection and extraction using existing methods. Previous studies have shown that You Only Look Once (YOLO) series models demonstrate strong performance in object detection, offering high accuracy and speed. However, these models are less effective in fine-grained boundary segmentation. To address this limitation, this article proposes integrating YOLO models with the Segment Anything Model (SAM) to tackle the challenges of combining efficient detection with precise segmentation. This article developed a dataset consisting of both paper-based and digital tourist maps, with annotations for five main categories of symbols: human landscapes, natural sceneries, humans, animals, and cultural elements. The performance of various YOLO model variants was systematically evaluated using this dataset. Additionally, a user interaction mechanism was incorporated to review and refine detection results, which were subsequently used as prompts for the SAM to perform precise symbol segmentation. The results indicate that the YOLOv8x model achieved excellent performance on the tourist map dataset, with an average detection accuracy of 94.4% across the five symbol categories, fully meeting the requirements for symbol detection tasks. The inclusion of a user interaction mechanism enhanced the reliability and flexibility of detection outcomes, while the integration of the SAM significantly improved the precision of symbol boundary extraction. In conclusion, the integration of YOLOv8x and SAM provides a robust and effective solution for automating the extraction of map symbols. This approach not only reduces the manual workload involved in dataset annotation, but also offers valuable theoretical and practical insights for enhancing cartographic efficiency.
Network Pharmacology Analysis and Biological Validation Systemically Identified the Active Ingredients and Molecular Targets of Kudzu Root on Osteoporosis
Authors: Liu Zhi-Wen , Zhang Bo-Bo , Kwok Kevin Wing-Hin , Dong Xiao-Li , Wong Ka-Hing
Published: January 2025

As a traditional medicinal food, Kudzu root (KR) has been proven to be an effective medicine for treating osteoporosis (OP). However, its precise targets and underlying integrated pharmacological mechanisms on OP have not yet been systematically investigated. The aim of the present study was to systemically explore the active ingredients, molecular targets, and ingredient-target network of KR against OP by the methods of network pharmacology followed by biological validation in a glucocorticoid-induced bone loss model of zebrafish. Our results identified a total of 15 active compounds with good pharmacokinetic properties in KR and 119 targets related to OP from correspondent databases, forming an ingredient-target network. Additionally, the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network further identified 39 core targets. Enrichment analyses with functional annotation revealed that the TNF signaling pathway and osteoclast differentiation process were significantly enriched by multi-targets including AKT1, P65, MAPK14, JUN, TNF-α, MMP9, IL6, and IL1B, etc., and served as the critical targets for molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and in vivo experiment validation. These critical targets performed effectively in molecular docking and molecular dynamics, with AKT1, MMP9, and TNF-α exhibiting more prominent binding energy with Coumestrol, Genistein, and Genistein 7-glucoside, respectively. Further experimental validation in a zebrafish model indicated that KR could regulate the expressions of critical targets (AKT1, P65, MAPK14, JUN, TNF-α, and MMP9). This study provides a systemic perspective of the relationships between the active ingredients of KR and their multi-targets in OP, thereby constructing a pharmacological network to clarify the mechanisms by which KR ameliorates OP.
Evaluation of a Norcantharidin Nanoemulsion Efficacy for Treating B16F1-Induced Melanoma in a Syngeneic Murine Model
Authors: Martínez-Razo Gabriel , Pires Patrícia C. , Avilez-Colin Angélica , Domínguez-López María Lilia , Veiga Francisco , Conde-Vázquez Eliezer , Paiva-Santos Ana Cláudia , Vega-López Armando
Published: January 2025

Melanoma, a lethal type of cancer originating from melanocytes, is the leading cause of death among skin cancers. While surgical excision of the lesions is the primary treatment for melanoma, not all cases are candidates for surgical procedures. New treatments and complementary options are necessary, given the increasing diagnosis rate. In the present study, a norcantharidin-containing nanoemulsion was developed and evaluated in vivo using a syngeneic graft murine model. Norcantharidin is the demethylated analog of cantharidin, known for its anticancer properties. Our model contemplates surgical excision surgery simulating the standard treatment and the role of the nanoemulsion as a potential adjuvant therapy. We observed a significant decrease in the growth rate of the melanoma lesion in the treated groups compared to the control group, both at the 20th and 30th days of treatment. Moreover, we evaluated the drug bioavailability in serum samples, and the results showed that norcantharidin was detectable in a range of 0.1 to 0.18 mg/mL in the treated groups. Furthermore, histopathological analysis was performed on the amputated tumors, where significant differences were found regarding size, mitosis rate, lymphocytic infiltration, and multispectral quantitative image analysis compared to the control group. If more clinical studies are conducted, the norcantharidin-containing nanoemulsion could be a potential alternative or adjuvant therapy. Topical nanosystems can become or complement standard therapies, which is needed as melanoma affects not only in terms of mortality but also the patient’s morbidity and life quality.
Rapid Simultaneous Detection of the Clinically Relevant Carbapenemase Resistance Genes blaKPC, blaOXA48, blaVIM and blaNDM with the Newly Developed Ready-to-Use qPCR CarbaScan LyoBead
Authors: Reinicke Martin , Diezel Celia , Teimoori Salma , Haase Bernd , Monecke Stefan , Ehricht Ralf , Braun Sascha D.
Published: January 2025

Antibiotic resistance, in particular the dissemination of carbapenemase-producing organisms, poses a significant threat to global healthcare. This study introduces the qPCR CarbaScan LyoBead assay, a robust, accurate, and efficient tool for detecting key carbapenemase genes, including blaKPC, blaNDM, blaOXA-48, and blaVIM. The assay utilizes lyophilized beads, a technological advancement that enhances stability, simplifies handling, and eliminates the need for refrigeration. This feature renders it particularly well-suited for point-of-care diagnostics and resource-limited settings. The assay’s capacity to detect carbapenemase genes directly from bacterial colonies without the need for extensive sample preparation has been demonstrated to streamline workflows and enable rapid diagnostic results. The assay demonstrated 100% specificity and sensitivity across a diverse range of bacterial strains, including multiple allelic variants of target genes, facilitating precise identification of resistance mechanisms. Bacterial strains of the species Acinetobacter baumannii, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were utilized as reference material for assay development (n = 9) and validation (n = 28). It is notable that the assay’s long shelf life and minimal operational complexity further enhance its utility for large-scale implementation in healthcare, food safety, and environmental monitoring. The findings emphasize the necessity of continuous surveillance and the implementation of rapid diagnostic methods for the effective detection of resistance genes. Furthermore, the assay’s potential applications in other fields, such as toxin-antitoxin system research and monitoring of resistant bacteria in the community, highlight its versatility. In conclusion, the qPCR CarbaScan LyoBead assay is a valuable tool that can contribute to the urgent need to combat antibiotic resistance and improve global public health outcomes.
Role of TRP Channels in Cancer-Induced Bone Pain
Authors: Coluzzi Flaminia , Scerpa Maria Sole , Alessandri Elisa , Romualdi Patrizia , Rocco Monica
Published: January 2025

The burden of cancer is growing in almost every country. Bone metastases significantly affect the prognosis and lead to an increase in mortality and morbidity. The management of cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) still shows various unmet needs. Opioid use is burdened by a number of possible side effects. Moreover, recent progresses in cancer treatment significantly increased the life expectancy of cancer patients, even those with metastatic disease. In this narrative review, we reported the main findings regarding TRP channel function in cancer pain models. TRP cation channels play a key role in different functions of cancer cells, including the regulation of their potential for metastasization, and are the main channels involved in the pathways of pain perception, through peripheral and central effects. Genetic deletion decreased pain sensitivity following tumour cell inoculation. Preclinical data suggest a potential role for modulators of some TRP channels, such as TRPV1, TRPA1, TRPM7 and TRPM8. Clinical results are still scarce; however, the physiological role in modulating bone remodelling and the involvement of TRP channels in preclinical models of bone cancer pain have garnered interest as areas of research in the last few years, as innovative analgesic strategies that may overcome the long-term side effects of opioids.
Conduction System Pacing for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Karki Saurab , Lakra Pallavi , Kumar Kaushik , Rao Shiavax J.
Published: January 2025

Most patients with heart failure exhibit ventricular dyssynchrony, which is addressed by cardiac resynchronization therapy, traditionally through the use of biventricular pacing (BVP) devices. Despite this, around 30% of patients do not achieve the desired clinical outcome, and echocardiographic findings show that some patients deteriorate even further. Conduction system pacing (CSP) is a more physiologic pacing technique and includes his-bundle pacing (HBP) and left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP). In this review, we further discuss and compare various CSP techniques for cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. After analyzing the current state of the literature on this topic until 2023, eight studies were included in this review and consisted of two trials and five observational studies with a total of 2841 patients. Both BVP and CSP resulted in improved outcomes in terms of NYHA class, QRS duration, and left ventricular ejection fraction over time. These effects were more pronounced in patients undergoing CSP, as the technique is more physiological and results in the synchronized activation of the ventricles. LBBAP yielded better outcomes compared to BVP and resulted in fewer heart failure hospitalizations and a lower all-cause mortality rate.
SCIP/SIEA and PAP: The New Workhorse Flaps in Soft Tissue Reconstruction for All Body Regions
Authors: Franchi Alberto , Perozzo Filippo Andrea Giovanni , Tiengo Cesare , Walber Jonas , Parisato Alice , Jandali Abdul Rahman , Jung Florian
Published: January 2025

Background: In reconstructive microsurgery, the aesthetic outcome has gained increasing importance, and new applications of flaps have been explored, focusing on improved donor site concealment. This paper presents our experience with flaps gaining popularity in reconstructive microsurgery, specifically the SCIP/SIEA and PAP flaps. Methods: Since August 2022, SCIP/SIEA and PAP flaps have been offered for soft tissue reconstruction across all body regions. These flaps were added to the other traditionally offered free flaps, such as RFF, mSAP, ALT, DIEP, and LD. Where the defect could be equally reconstructed using flaps from various donor sites, the choice of donor site was left to the patient. In all other cases, the donor site was selected by the surgeon according to clinical needs. This retrospective study analyzes the first author’s experience with the SCIP/SIEA and PAP flaps, providing an overview of their applications, outcomes, advantages, and disadvantages. Results: A total of 79 patients were reconstructed with 86 free flaps during the study period. The SCIP/SIEA flap was used in 54 patients, and the PAP flap in 18 patients. Flaps other than SCIP/SIEA were used in the remaining seven. Among the 27 patients who were given the option to choose their donor site, 8 selected either the abdomen or inner thigh (5 and 3 cases, respectively). The remaining 19 patients expressed no preference and left the choice to the surgeon. Defects involved the head and neck in 30 patients (38.0%), extremities in 25 (31.7%), the breast in 23 (29.1%), and the trunk in 1 patient (1.3%). Major complications occurred in 12 patients (15.2%) while minor complications managed conservatively occurred in 18 patients (22.8%). Four flaps (4.7% of all flaps) were lost. Conclusions: In our clinical practice, the SCIP/SIEA and PAP flaps have proven reliable as workhorse flaps for small to large soft tissue defects. For very large defects, the latissimus dorsi flap remains the most reliable solution.
Casting Homogeneity of Scaled-Up Multiprincipal Component Alloys
Authors: Adeyemi Gbenga. J. , Utton Claire , Azakli Yunus , Goodall Russell
Published: January 2025

High-entropy and multicomponent alloys are believed to offer opportunities for improved properties and are currently of great interest to the research community. Studies on these materials are largely conducted on small samples, but, for many practical applications, larger-scale processing would be needed. The processing of metallic parts of high dimensionality conventionally begins with casting, but an increase in the scale of the melt increases the potential for effects dependent on segregation, diffusion and thermal transport. The objective here is to determine the effect of scale-up on the as-cast condition of an example multicomponent alloy, Cu-Zn-Mn-Ni medium-entropy (ME) brass, in a larger quantity. The ingot was produced by metallic mould casting after induction melting. The hardness, microstructures and chemical composition were assessed in the as-cast state across a section through the material. A range of hardness values were found, particularly in the vertical direction, where the upper region was found to have a hardness of 188 ± 15 HV0.5, a middle of 161 ± 11 HV0.5 and a bottom of 184 ± 16 HV0.5. These values can be correlated with the casting conditions experienced locally, but the average hardness values are close to that of the original reports of the alloy. To overcome this, it is likely that a heat treatment would need to be used for this alloy in practical production before the products could be applied for engineering uses.
Experimental Research on the Propagation Mode of 3D Hollow Cracks and Material Strength Characteristics Under Hydro-Mechanical Coupling
Authors: Li Bangxiang , Wang Guanhua , Xu Dongyang , Zhao Hongbo
Published: January 2025

The fracture evolution and the strength characteristics of a jointed rock mass under hydro-mechanical coupling are key issues that affect the safety and stability of underground engineering. In this study, a kind of transparent rock-like resin was adopted to investigate the crack initiation and propagation modes of the 3D flaw under hydro-mechanical coupling. The influences of the water pressure and the flaw dip angle on the fracture modes of the 3D flaw and the strength properties of the specimen were analyzed. The experiment results indicated that under the initiation and propagation modes, the 3D flaw presented two types of modes: the low-water-pressure type and the high-water-pressure type. The increase in the water pressure had a significant promoting effect on the crack initiation and propagation, which changed the overall failure mode of the specimen. With the increase in the flaw dip angle, the critical growth length of the wing crack decreased and the initiation moment of the fin-like crack showed a hysteretic tendency. The influences of the water pressure on the crack initiation stress and failure strength had thresholds. When lower than the threshold, the crack initiation stress increased slightly and the failure strength decreased gradually with the increase in the water pressure. Once the threshold was exceeded, both the crack initiation stress and the failure strength decreased significantly with the increase in the water pressure. With the increase in the flaw dip angle, both the crack initiation stress and the failure strength showed a first decreasing and then increasing tendency. The lowest crack initiation stress and the failure strength were found for the specimen containing the 45° flaw, while the highest were found for the specimen containing the 75° flaw. This study helps to deepen the understanding of the fracture mechanism of the engineering rock mass under hydro-mechanical coupling and has certain theoretical and applied value in engineering design and construction safety.
High Host Preferences in Epiphytic Lichens Across Diverse Phorophyte Species in the Mediterranean Region
Authors: Aragón Gregorio , Martínez Isabel , de la Cruz Marcelino , Hurtado Pilar
Published: January 2025

Contrary to the assumption that epiphytic lichens, which obtain water and nutrients from the atmosphere, do not exhibit host species preference, this notion is challenged by the limited number of studies that cover a wide geographical range and diverse phorophyte species (hereafter referred to as “host species”). To investigate this assumption, we evaluated the host preference of 709 epiphytic lichen species across the Mediterranean basin, examining 72 host species. The research is based on field studies conducted by the authors, supplemented with bibliographic records to expand the study area and the number of host species. We define “host preference” as the association of an epiphytic lichen species with a single host species. Our findings reveal a high prevalence of lichens exhibiting host preference both locally (exceeding 30% of lichen species in each of six geographic areas) and regionally (25% across the entire dataset). This host preference remained consistent even with increased sampling extent, which can be attributed to factors such as hosts with diverse bark types, the wide climatic range of some species, and host species associated with extreme environmental conditions within the Mediterranean region. Overall, we conclude that host bias for epiphytic lichen species remains consistent in Mediterranean landscapes, contributing to a diverse array of epiphytic species and high levels of host species preference. This research provides valuable insights into the complex interactions between lichens and their host species, offering a deeper understanding of biodiversity within Mediterranean landscapes.
In Memory of Ecevit Bilgili (1974–2024)
Authors: Roth Peter , Wu Francis , Bilgili Melisa
Published: January 2025

It is with immeasurable sadness that we announce the untimely passing of Prof [...]
Surface Quality and Compressive Properties of Mortise and Tenon Lattice Structures Fabricated by Fused Deposition Modeling
Authors: Li Bin , Min Byung-Won , Gu Hai , Jiang Jie , Zhang Jie , Zhang Hao
Published: January 2025

To address the anisotropy of mechanical properties and the challenge of removing support materials in lattice structures fabricated using fused deposition modeling (FDM), this study is inspired by traditional woodworking mortise and tenon joints. A hexagonal interlocking mortise lattice structure was designed, and mortise and tenon lattice structures (MTLSs) with various parameters were fabricated. Compared with the traditional integrated forming lattice structure (IFLS), the MTLS exhibits maximum reductions in side surface roughness (Ra), printing time, and material consumption of 74.87%, 25.55%, and 52.21%, respectively. In addition to enhancing surface quality and printing efficiency, the MTLS also exhibited superior mechanical properties. The uniaxial compression test results show that the specific strength, energy absorption (EA), and specific energy absorption (SEA) of the MTLS exhibit maximum increases of 51.22%, 894.59%, and 888.39%, respectively, compared with the IFLS. Moreover, the effects of strut angle and thickness on the lattice structure were analyzed. Smaller strut angles and larger strut thicknesses endowed greater strength, while smaller angles contributed to higher energy absorption. This study proposes a novel approach for designing lattice structures in additive manufacturing.
Surface Structure Effects on H and O Adsorption on Gold, Nickel and Platinum Nanoparticles
Authors: Dokhlikova Nadezhda V. , Gatin Andrey K. , Sarvadii Sergey Y. , Tastaibek Dinara , Slutskii Vladislav G. , Grishin Maxim V.
Published: January 2025

Using quantum chemical modelling, in this work, we considered the structure effects determining the adsorption of H and O atoms on (111), (100), (110) and (211) surfaces of gold, nickel and platinum nanoparticles. Surface deformation enhanced the adatom bonding to active sites with a large coordination number on flat (111) and (100) surfaces, while no distinct tendency was observed on kinked (110) and (211) surfaces. The effect of the neighboring atoms depends on the coupling matrix element Vad2. For metals with a considerable matrix element, the adsorption energy decreases with the rise in coordination number, and vice versa.
An Entropic Approach to Constrained Linear Regression
Authors: Arratia Argimiro , Gzyl Henryk
Published: January 2025

We introduce a novel entropy minimization approach for the solution of constrained linear regression problems. Rather than minimizing the quadratic error, our method minimizes the Fermi–Dirac entropy, with the problem data incorporated as constraints. In addition to providing a solution to the linear regression problem, this approach also estimates the measurement error. The only prior assumption made about the errors is analogous to the assumption made about the unknown regression coefficients: specifically, the size of the interval within which they are expected to lie. We compare the results of our approach with those obtained using the disciplined convex optimization methodology. Furthermore, we address consistency issues and present examples to illustrate the effectiveness of our method.
Numerical Solution of a Sixth-Order Anharmonic Oscillator for Triaxial Deformed Nuclei
Authors: Buganu Petricǎ , Benjedi Radi , Oulne Mustapha
Published: January 2025

The Davydov–Chaban Hamiltonian, which describes the quadrupole collective states of triaxial nuclei involving two polar coordinates and three Euler rotation angles, is numerically solved in a basis of Bessel functions of the first kind for a sixth-order anharmonic oscillator potential and a triaxial deformation, respectively. The proposed model is designed to describe a phase transition, as well as coexistence and mixing between an approximately spherical shape and a triaxial deformed one.
Efficient Interpolation of Multilayer Periodic Green’s Functions with Electric and Magnetic Sources
Authors: Florencio Rafael , Guerrero Julio
Published: January 2025

A generalization of the efficient interpolation of periodic Green’s functions is presented for a multilayer medium hosting transverse electric current densities and transverse equivalent magnetic current densities at different interfaces. The mathematical model is realized in terms of Maxwell’s equations for multilayer media with isolated electric and magnetic equivalent current densities for large values of spectral variables or small values of spatial variables. This fact enables the use of Mixed Potential Integral Equation (MPIE) approaches in the spectral domain and provides asymptotic behaviors for Green’s functions of vector and scalar potentials for both electric and magnetic sources. Consequently, the singular behaviors of the Green’s functions around the source point are obtained as the spatial counterpart of the proposed spectral asymptotic behaviors. Thus, regularized multilayer periodic Green’s functions are obtained, which can be efficiently interpolated over the entire unit cell using Chebyshev’s polynomials.
Relationship Between Anabolic–Androgenic Steroid Use, Aggression, and Narcissism in Male Bodybuilders
Authors: Ceto Eren , Yigitoglu Pembe Hare , Yavuz Hasan Ulas
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: The use of anabolic–androgenic steroids (AASs) by competitive and recreational athletes has been studied and well documented. There are numerous studies showing its effects on personality traits and risky behaviors like aggression. The relationship between AAS use, aggression, and narcissism is complex and intricate. We examined this relationship in male bodybuilders who use AASs. Materials and Methods: A total of 319 healthy subjects aged 18–44 years (33.4 ± 9.4) who have been regularly training at bodybuilding for at least 3 years participated voluntarily in the study and completed a demographic data inventory, the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory Short Form (FFNI-SF), and the Buss–Perry Aggression Scale anonymously. Demographic data were given as percentages, comparisons of aggression and narcissism scores according to AAS use were performed by using an independent sample t test, and effects of narcissism and aggression levels on AAS use was assessed by using logistic regression analysis. All analyses were performed by using SPSS Statistics 22.0. Results: Results showed that AAS users had significantly higher scores on the overall FFNI-SF Scale (p < 0.001) and all sub-dimensions of narcissism (p < 0.001) and on the overall Buss–Perry Aggression Scale (p < 0.001) and all sub-dimensions of aggression (p < 0.001). It was also shown that there were significant and positive correlations between the FFNI-SF overall score (p < 0.001) and both the vulnerable narcissism and grandiose narcissism sub-dimensions (p < 0.001) and the scores of the Buss–Perry Aggression Scale (p < 0.001), physical aggression (p < 0.001), anger (p < 0.001), hostility (p < 0.001), and verbal aggression (p < 0.001) sub-dimensions. Conclusions: These results show a strong relation between AAS use, narcissism, and aggression in bodybuilders. However, it is not clear whether AAS use leads to aggression and narcissism or whether narcissistic and/or aggressive people tend to use AASs. Furthermore, including a lot of potential third variables shows that it does not have to be either one or the other way around. There is a need to conduct future studies to determine this causality.
In Situ Synthesis of MoSi2-SiC Composites by Two-Step Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Wang Yue-Yao , Zhang Guo-Hua
Published: January 2025

The effect of different SiC doping content on the properties of MoSi2-based composites was analyzed in this study. The MoSi2-SiC composites were fabricated in situ by the SPS technique, utilizing self-synthesized carbon-containing Mo powder and Si powder as raw materials. A two-step sintering process was employed to ensure the formation of a uniform and dense composite structure. The microstructures and mechanical properties of these composites with various compositions were characterized. The results show that the composites were primarily composed of MoSi2, SiC, and a minor proportion of MoSiC phase. The introduction of SiC as a second phase was found to considerably enhance the mechanical properties of the MoSi2 matrix material. In particular, the MoSi2-26mol.%SiC sample exhibited Vickers hardness, fracture toughness, and flexural strength values of 16.1 GPa, 6.7 MPa·m1/2, and 496 MPa, respectively, corresponding to increases of 33%, 24%, and 28% compared to the pure MoSi2 material.
Analysis of Collapse–Snapback Phenomena in Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers
Authors: Halbach Chloé , Rochus Veronique , Genoe Jan , Rottenberg Xavier , Cheyns David , Heremans Paul
Published: January 2025

The pull-in and pull-out voltages are important characteristics of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers (CMUTs), marking the transition between conventional and collapse operation regimes. These voltages are commonly determined using capacitance–voltage (C-V) sweeps. By modeling the operating conditions of an LCR meter in COMSOL Multiphysics®, we demonstrate that the measured capacitance comprises both static and dynamic capacitances, with the dynamic capacitance causing the appearance of a peak in the effective C-V curve. Furthermore, Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) measurements and electromechanical simulations indicate the occurrence of collapse–snapback phenomena during the C-V sweeps. This study, through advanced simulations and experimental analyses, demonstrates that the transient membrane behavior significantly affects the apparent capacitance–voltage characteristics of electrostatically actuated Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS).
Innovative Solutions in the Design of Microfinishing Attachments for Surface Finishing with Abrasive Films
Authors: Kacalak Wojciech , Tandecka Katarzyna , Budniak Zbigniew , Mathia Thomas G.
Published: January 2025

The study introduces new technologies of microfinishing, which are primarily aimed at cylindrical surfaces but with machining effectiveness, precision, and surface longevity. In the newly proposed dual-zone microfinishing method, symmetrical abrasive film feeding systems are adapted with a lever mechanism and a pivoting pressing assembly to simultaneously conduct processing in two zones. With such a design, uniform force distribution is ensured, while mechanical deformation is reduced to raise the utility of the abrasive film and lower scraps for better economic performance. Also, the application of microfinishing operations combined with carbon layer deposition using graphite-impregnated abrasive films is introduced as a novel method. This process combines surface refinement and the forming of wear-resistant carbon coatings into one single operation, resulting in increased wear resistance and reduced forces of friction. Further stabilization of the conditions for microfinishing is achieved by immersing the processing zone in a fluid medium due to increased lubrication, improvement in heat dissipation, and the optimization of surface properties. It is particularly suitable for high-precision applications and a maintenance-free environment such as military, vacuum, and low-temperature systems. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed methodologies, underscoring their ability to create remarkably smooth surfaces and very robust carbon textures simultaneously.
Numerical Design and Optimization of High Performance Langasite and Hetero-Acoustic Layer-Based Surface Acoustic Wave Device
Authors: Deng Minglong , Chen Jinkai , Zhang Jikai , Xie Weilun , Jin Hao , Xuan Weipeng , Dong Shurong , Luo Jikui
Published: January 2025

La3Ga5SiO14 (langasite, LGS)-based surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are widely used for industrial health monitoring in harsh high-temperature environments. However, a conventional LGS-based SAW structure has a low quality factor (Q) due to its spurious resonant peaks. A hetero-acoustic layer (HAL)-based structure can effectively enhance the Q factor and the figure of merit (FOM) of SAWs due to its better energy confinement of SAWs. In this work, a HAL-based structure is proposed to achieve a high FOM and high-temperature resistance at the same time. Based on the finite element method (FEM) and coupling-of-model (COM) combined simulation, a systematic numerical investigation was conducted to find the optimal materials and structural parameters considering the viability of an actual fabricating process. After optimizing the layer number, an intermediate-layer material choice and structural parameters, Pt/(0°, 138.5°, 27°) LGS/YX-LGS/SiC HAL structure were chosen. The proposed structure achieves a Q factor and FOM improvement of more than 5 and 2.6 times higher than those of conventional SAW structures, which is important for the development of high temperature SAW sensors. These findings pave a viable method for improving the Q factor and FOM of LGS-based SAW and can provide material and device structural design guidance for fabrication and high-temperature applications in the future.
Diet Supplementation with Pomegranate Fruit Alters Distal Gut Microbiota of Healthy Female College Students
Authors: Bandow Brant , Shaaban Entsar S. , Rajakaruna Sumudu , Saleh Zeinab , Abdelaziz Sahar A. , Hussein Laila , Paliy Oleg
Published: January 2025

Pomegranate is a fruit that grows abundantly in the Middle East and Africa. It is rich in polyphenols, sugars, fiber, and vitamins, and has long been associated in traditional and alternative medicine with numerous health benefits, including the treatment of diarrhea and gut inflammation. We assessed how regular daily intake of fresh pomegranate can affect the distal gut microbiota of young healthy female students in Egypt, a region with abundant pomegranate production and frequent occurrence of gut dysbiosis. Interrogation of microbiota structure based on the sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons indicated that subject-to-subject variability was the main driver of microbiota community differences. Nevertheless, pomegranate consumption led to changes in the abundances of several genera including increased levels of Saccharofermentans, Enterococcus, and Prevotella. The relative counts of Dysosmobacter, Coprococcus, and Collinsella decreased after pomegranate intake. The magnitude of community structure shift after diet intervention correlated with the increase in the total polyphenol concentration measured in subjects’ urine. The overall ratio of presumed beneficial-to-detrimental microbes was also improved with pomegranate addition to the diet, supporting the advantageous effects of pomegranate eating.
Production, Purification, and Biochemical Characterization of a Novel ATP-Dependent Caseinolytic Protease from the Marine Bacterium Cobetia amphilecti KMM 296
Authors: Noskova Yulia , Nedashkovskaya Olga , Balabanova Larissa
Published: January 2025

A novel caseinolytic protease (ClpP) of the S14 family from Cobetia amphilecti KMM 296 (CamClpP), comprising 206 amino acids, with a calculated molecular weight of 22.66 kDa and a pI of 4.88, was expressed in Escherichia coli cells to verify the functional annotation of the encoding gene that has low identity with known structures. The proteolytic activity of the purified recombinant enzyme was found to be 2824 U/mg, using 1% casein as a substrate. Enzyme activity was maximal at pH 5.6 and 7.4 in phosphate buffer and was maintained over a wide pH range of 4-10. The optimum temperature for protease activity was 45 °C. The enzyme in its optimal state required the presence of either NaCl or KCl at concentrations of 0.3 and 0.2 M, respectively. The addition of the metal ions Mg2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Li+, and Zn2+ at 2 mM resulted in a significant inhibition of the protease activity. However, the presence of Co2+ led to a marked activation of the enzyme in the absence of ATP. The enzyme activity was inhibited by ethanol, isopropanol, glycerol, SDS, EGTA, and EDTA. The presence of Triton X-100, acetone, DTT, and PMSF resulted in a significant increase in the CamClpP protease activity. The protease CamClpP effectively and preferentially degrades high-polymer wheat and rye flour proteins. This new proteolytic enzyme with unique properties is of great ecological and biotechnological importance.
A Highly Spatiotemporal Resolved Pyrometry for Combustion Temperature Measurement of Single Microparticles Applied in Powder-Fueled Ramjets
Authors: Wang Zhangtao , Lin Xunjie , Huang Xuefeng , Huang Houye , Zhang Minqi , Yu Qinnan , Cui Chao , Li Shengji
Published: January 2025

It is vital to measure combustion temperature to define combustion models accurately. For single fuel particles in powder-fueled ramjets, their size distribution ranges from submicron to submillimeter, and their burn time is short to millisecond order. Moreover, the radiation intensity of different types of fuel particles significantly oscillated with several orders of magnitude. Current temperature measurement technology is facing this challenge. This paper proposes a highly spatiotemporal resolved pyrometry to measure the combustion temperature of fuel particles by coupling single-point photomultiplier tube (PMT)-based and two-dimensional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-based photoelectric devices. Both the offline calibration by blackbody furnace and online calibration by standard lamp confirmed the measurement accuracy of the pyrometry. Then, the pyrometry was used to measure the combustion temperature of fuel particles including micro-Al, nano-Al, micro-Mg, nano-B, and micro-B4C. The temperature evolution and distribution of burning fuel particles were complementarily obtained, especially the interfacial flame temperature near the particle surface. Based on the obtained combustion temperature, the combustion characteristics and the energy release efficiencies among these fuels were evaluated and compared in detail, which are helpful to recognize, in depth, the combustion behavior and reveal the combustion mechanism of fuel particles in powder-fueled ramjets.
Protective Effects of Black Rice Anthocyanins on D-Galactose-Induced Renal Injury in Mice: The Role of Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling and Gut Microbiota Modulation
Authors: Sun Dan , Wang Wei , Fan Qian , Wang Xinyi , Xu Xinyan , Jiang Weiye , Zhao Liang , Li Hong , Fu Zhifang , Zhao Lei , Jiao Hongmei
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the renal protective effects of black rice anthocyanins (BRAs) against renal injury in mice induced by D-galactose (D-gal). Methods: The renal aging mouse model was established by thirteen consecutive weeks of subcutaneous injections of D-gal. The serum levels of urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), uric acid (UA), antioxidant enzymes (e.g., GSH-Px and SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), as well as the contents of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in kidney tissues were evaluated. Additionally, the relative expression of the NQO1, HO-1, IKKβ, NF-kBp65, and TLR4 proteins was examined. Results: BRA treatment significantly reduced serum levels of BUN, and CRE increased the concentrations of antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity in renal tissues, and reduced the levels of inflammatory factors. Furthermore, BRAs restored the relative expression of the NQO1, HO-1, IKKβ, NF-kBp65, and TLR4 proteins to normal levels and promoted the recovery of the renal tissue architecture. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that BRAs could potentially prevent and protect against kidney injury by modulating the Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways, attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, and modulating the gut microflora. These findings provide a scientific basis for the application of BRAs as a natural bioactive substance in the field of nephroprotection, especially against the renal degeneration that accompanies the aging process.
Breastfeeding and Non-Communicable Diseases: A Narrative Review
Authors: Capra Maria Elena , Aliverti Valentina , Bellani Arianna Maria , Berzieri Martina , Montani Anna Giuseppina , Pisseri Gianlorenzo , Sguerso Tullia , Esposito Susanna , Biasucci Giacomo
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Breastfeeding plays a fundamental role in newborns’ and infants’ health. Breast milk’s protective power against malnutrition and its positive effect on neurological and physical development are well established and are reflected in the policy statements of all major pediatric health entities. However, breastfeeding also plays an important role in the prevention of so-called non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and autoimmune diseases. Methods: This narrative review aims to analyze the effect of breastfeeding and breast milk on the development of non-communicable diseases, with a special focus on weight excess, dyslipidemia, allergy, and gastrointestinal diseases. This narrative review was carried out through three steps: executing the search, examining abstracts and full texts, and analyzing results. To achieve this, the databases PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were explored to collect and select publications from 1990 to 2024 to find pertinent studies in line with this review’s development. The search included randomized placebo-controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, double-blind, randomized controlled studies, and systematic reviews. A total of 104 manuscripts were ultimately included in the analysis. Results: Breastfeeding is associated with a decreased vulnerability to early viral infections or chronic inflammatory conditions during preschool years, a reduced incidence of weight excess, and likely lower cholesterol concentration, besides having a small protective effect against systolic blood hypertension. Conclusions: Pediatricians must promote breastfeeding, support the mother–infant dyad, and consider breast milk as a real “health voucher” that can last lifelong. However, further studies are needed to better define the extent and duration of breastfeeding’s protective power in this context.
Investigating the Impact of Sorghum on Tau Protein Phosphorylation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Modulation in Alzheimer’s Disease: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Rezaee Nasim , Hone Eugene , Sohrabi Hamid , Abdulraheem Rasheed , Johnson Stuart K. , Gunzburg Stuart , Martins Ralph N. , Fernando W. M. A. D. Binosha
Published: January 2025

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with poorly understood pathology. Elevated tau, phospho-tau and mitochondrial dysfunction are significantly correlated with an increased risk of AD and are therefore targets for disease-modifying therapy. In this study, we examined the effects of polyphenolic extracts from six different varieties of sorghum: Shawaya short black-1 (Black), IS1311C (Brown), QL33/QL36 (Red), B923296 (Red), QL12 (White), and QL33 (Red) on the attenuation of beta amyloid-induced phospho-tau levels, total tau levels, and mitochondrial dysfunction in neuronal cells. Method: Tau proteins (231 (pT231), Serine- 199 (pS199), and total tau proteins (T-tau)) were detected and quantified using sandwich ELISA kits, while mitochondrial dysfunction was measured in terms of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. Results: Almost all varieties of the sorghum extracts reduced the beta amyloid-induced pS199 and pT231 levels (p ≤ 0.05). The optimum concentration of QL33/QL36 (1000 µg/mL), QL12 (2000 µg/mL), and QL33 (2000 µg/mL) strongly attenuated the phospho-tau level. Sorghum IS1311C (750 µg/mL) showed the highest Δψm reduction (39.8%), whereas QL33 (2000 µg/mL) most strongly improved the ATP level (37.7%) (p ≤ 0.01). For both Δψm and ATP assays, the least activity was observed in sorghum B923296 at 21% and 25.5%, respectively (p ≤ 0.01). Conclusions: The polyphenol extracts from sorghum attenuated the tau toxicity and Aβ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in a variety- and dose-dependent manner and made a promising disease-modifying agent against AD. However, extensive research is needed to validate the efficacy of the sorghum extracts prior to animal and clinical studies.