СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ НАСАЖДЕНИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ЗАЩИТНОЙ ЛЕСНОЙ ПОЛОСЫ «ВОРОНЕЖ–РОСТОВ-НА-ДОНУ» В СВЯЗИ С ТИПОМ КУЛЬТУР И ПОЧВЕННЫМИ УСЛОВИЯМИ
Authors: Турчин Т.Я. , Чеплянский И.Я. , Ермолова А.С. , Баканов И.А. 
Published: February 2025

Приведены результаты исследований роста, структуры, санитарного состояния и биологической устойчивости лесных культур государственной защитной лесной полосы «Воронеж – Ростов-на-Дону». Определена приуроченность насаждений государственной защитной лесной полосы к разным типам и подтипам почв степной зоны. Установлены применявшиеся типы лесных культур и современные показатели их роста и состояния в разных почвенных условиях. Сделаны выводы о необходимых первоочередных мероприятиях для поддержания устойчивости и долговечности насаждений государственных защитных лесных полос.

The state forest shelterbelt “Voronezh – Rostov-on-Don” has now reached the age of maturity and is characterized by drying out of stands on a part of the area, but it continues to be an important part of the ecological frame of the steppe zone. The goal of the research is to assess the current state of plantations of the state forest shelter belt, established with the use of different types of forest plantations on the zonal and azonal soils of the steppe zone. The region of the research – the steppe zone of the European part of Russia – is divided into four districts according to soil conditions: the region of ordinary chernozems; the region of southern chernozems and dark chestnut soils; the region of chestnut soils; the region of azonal sandy soils. The methodology of the research provides for conducting the surveys of plantings, defining their soil district, establishing the type of forest plantations, determining and evaluating the growth indicators, sanitary conditions, and biological sustainability. Results. It was found that combined types of plantations were most often used on ordinary chernozems. Plantations of English oak, common and green ash are more successful in terms of growth and state. Silver birch plantations are characterized by unsatisfactory sanitary condition, stopped growth and significant violations of biological sustainability. On southern chernozems and dark chestnut soils, the combined type of plantations is mainly used. Depending on the type of forest growing conditions, the tree-shade and tree-shrub species are also used. The most successful in this soil district are the plantations of oak and ash. Plantations of elm and black locust often demonstrate signs of weakening and disturbance of forest environment. Combined, tree-shrub, and tree species for plantations are used on chestnut soils. In this district, forest plantations are characterized as weakened in sanitary terms, low-productive, with significant violations of biological sustainability. On azonal sandy soils, Scots pine plantations are characterized by satisfactory growth rate, sanitary conditions and degree of biological sustainability. Conclusion. The study revealed that in different soil conditions different types of forest plantations were in priority to be established for the state forest shelterbelt. The plantations differ in indicators of growth, structure and state which leads to the differentiation of recommendations to increase their life.