bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do Criminal Offenders Have a Right to Neurorehabilitation?
Authors: Dore-Horgan Emma
Published: March 2022

Soon it may be possible to promote the rehabilitation of criminal offenders through neurointerventions (interventions which exert direct physical, chemical or biological effects on the brain). Some jurisdictions already utilise neurointerventions to diminish the risk of sexual or drug-related reoffending. And investigation is underway into several other neurointerventions that might also have rehabilitative applications within criminal justice—for example, pharmacotherapy to reduce aggression or impulsivity. Ethical debate on the use of neurointerventions to facilitate rehabilitation—henceforth ‘neurorehabilitation’—has proceeded on two assumptions: that we have instrumental reasons for employing neurorehabilitation (e.g. because it helps protect the public from crime); and that its permissibility depends upon whether its use unjustifiably infringes offenders’ rights. This paper defends a different, hitherto neglected thought. I argue we have rights-based reasons to offer neurorehabilitation to offenders—in other words, that offenders have a moral right to neurorehabilitation. I identify three considerations which support a moral right to conventional rehabilitative interventions—(1) as a countermeasure to the debilitating side-effects of punishment; (2) as a derivative right of the right to hope for renewed liberty; and (3) as compensation for structural injustice. I argue these considerations extend to support a moral right to neurorehabilitation in the following instance: when neurorehabilitation would be part of the most effective package for facilitating rehabilitation, and can be carried out at reasonable cost. I then defend my argument against potential objections, including the objection that neurorehabilitation is a bad option for offenders to have and the charge of over-medicalisation.
Nothing but good intentions: the search for equity and stock price crash risk
Authors: Reichmann Doron , Möller Rouven , Hertel Tobias
Published: March 2022

In this study, we examine whether and how managers’ intentions to raise equity are associated with future stock price crash risk. Therefore, we apply modern information retrieval techniques to corporate textual disclosures by constructing document embeddings that preserve contextual relationships in managers’ discussions on liquidity and capital resources. Using these document embeddings, we construct a continuous measure of managers’ intentions to raise equity. We document that the search for equity is associated with higher future stock price crash risk. Further analyses suggest that managers with stronger intentions to raise equity are more likely to block negative news flow and that these intentions reinforce the effects of earnings manipulation and textual obfuscation on stock price crash risk. In summary, our results suggest that managers’ search for equity incentivises managerial bad news hoarding.
The metacoupled Arctic: Human–nature interactions across local to global scales as drivers of sustainability
Authors: Kapsar Kelly , Frans Veronica F. , Brigham Lawson W. , Liu Jianguo
Published: March 2022

The Arctic is an epicenter of complex environmental and socioeconomic change. Strengthened connections between Arctic and non-Arctic systems could threaten or enhance Arctic sustainability, but studies of external influences on the Arctic are scattered and fragmented in academic literature. Here, we review and synthesize how external influences have been analyzed in Arctic-coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) literature. Results show that the Arctic is affected by numerous external influences nearby and faraway, including global markets, climate change, governance, military security, and tourism. However, apart from climate change, these connections are infrequently the focus of Arctic CHANS analyses. We demonstrate how Arctic CHANS research could be enhanced and research gaps could be filled using the holistic framework of metacoupling (human–nature interactions within as well as between adjacent and distant systems). Our perspectives provide new approaches to enhance the sustainability of Arctic systems in an interconnected world.
Respiratory Viral Infections in Athletes: Many Unanswered Questions
Authors: Ruuskanen Olli , Luoto Raakel , Valtonen Maarit , Heinonen Olli J. , Waris Matti
Published: March 2022

Upper respiratory tract infections (“common cold”) are the most common acute illnesses in elite athletes. Numerous studies on exercise immunology have proposed that intense exercise may increase susceptibility to respiratory infections. Virological data to support that view are sparse, and several fundamental questions remain. Immunity to respiratory viral infections is highly complex, and there is a lack of evidence that minor short- or long-term alterations in immunity in elite athletes have clinical implications. The degree to which athletes are infected by respiratory viruses is unclear. During major sport events, athletes are at an increased risk of symptomatic infections caused by the same viruses as those in the general population. The symptoms are usually mild and self-limiting. It is anecdotally known that athletes commonly exercise and compete while having a respiratory viral infection; there are no virological studies to suggest that such activity would affect either the illness or the performance. The risk of myocarditis exists. Which simple mitigation procedures are crucial for effective control of seasonal respiratory viral infections is not known.
Recent progress in experiments on the heaviest nuclides at SHIP
Authors: Block Michael , Giacoppo Francesca , Heßberger Fritz-Peter , Raeder Sebastian
Published: March 2022

Understanding the atomic and nuclear properties of very heavy and superheavy nuclides is one of the main objectives in experiments at the recoil separator SHIP at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany. This article summarizes recent experiments performed on isotopes of the elements with Z = 102–105. The radionuclides of interest were produced in heavy-ion fusion-evaporation reactions with lead and bismuth targets and separated from the primary beam by the velocity filter SHIP. The studies by $$\alpha $$
α
–$$\gamma $$
γ
spectroscopy experiments, direct mass measurements and laser spectroscopy employed the SHIP decay-spectroscopy setup, the new COMPASS detector, the mass spectrometer SHIPTRAP, and the laser spectroscopy setup RADRIS. This article briefly introduces the experimental approaches and discusses selected results providing a more comprehensive picture of the nuclear structure around the deformed neutron shell closure at $$N=152$$

N
=
152

. Future perspectives to extend such experiments towards other regions in the heaviest nuclei will also be addressed.
A Nonlinear PDE for Families of Orbits on a Given Surface
Authors: Kotoulas Thomas
Published: March 2022

We study a nonlinear PDE which descibes monoparametric families of orbits on a certain surface produced by two-dimensional potentials. We face the following version of the direct problem of Newtonian Dynamics: Given a surface Sand a two-dimensional potential$$V = V(u,v)$$

V
=
V
(
u
,
v
)

, determine all the isoenergetic families of orbits$$f(u,v) = $$

f
(
u
,
v
)
=

c ($$c = const.$$

c
=
c
o
n
s
t
.

), that is, families of orbits which are traced by a test particle with the same preassigned value of the total energy $${\mathcal {E}} = {\mathcal {E}}_{0}$$

E
=

E
0

. We are interested especially in those orbits which are described by energy $${\mathcal {E}}_{0}$$

E
0

= 0. Thus, using Merten’s equation (ZAMM 61:252–253, 1981), we establish a new, nonlinear PDE for the “slope function” $$\gamma $$
γ
= $${\frac{{f_{v}}}{{f_{u}}}}$$

f
v

f
u

which represents well the corresponding family of orbits $$f(u,v) = c$$

f
(
u
,
v
)
=
c

on the given surface S. We find two necessary and sufficient differential conditions, one for the potential V = V (u, v) and another one for the slope function $$\gamma $$
γ
, so that the above PDE has solution. Furthermore, we determine the general solution of the above PDE. Not only real but also complex potentials can produce these families of orbits on the given surface S. Several examples are offered.
Essence and accident: Byzantine portraiture and Aristotelian philosophy
Authors: Maguire Henry
Published: March 2022

The presentation of portraits of emperors and saints in Byzantine art can be compared to theories of physiognomy and logic put forward by Aristotle and his Byzantine followers. Similar observations have been made about the portal sculptures of High Gothic cathedrals, but although the ordering of images in the two cases reflected similar patterns of thought, the particular forms of the portraits differed in each milieu, responding to a different relationship between images and the faithful in each society.
The Rassemblement National and COVID-19: How Nativism, Authoritarianism and Expert Populism Did Not Pay Off during the Pandemic
Authors: Froio Caterina
Published: March 2022

The article examines the response of the French National Rally (Rassemblement National – RN) to COVID-19. It combines computer-based and qualitative content analysis of Facebook posts and press releases to uncover the salience and frames of the infection. I find that the RN used an ambivalent strategy to respond to the pandemic, linking an unexpected problem to its core ideological tenets, while also adapting its programmatic profile. Specifically, the RN interpreted COVID-19 in terms of immigration and defence. Diagnostic frames drew on nativist, authoritarian and populist tenets to identify the origin of the infection (migrants), and to attribute blame for its spread (lack of border controls). Moreover, prognostic frames used disagreement within the scientific community to criticize governments' policies and propose alternatives. While this strategy allowed the RN to address an issue outside its ‘comfort zone’, its support base remained stable. These results point at the radical right's strategic use of expert knowledge and populist logics to try to improve its credibility in mainstream public debates.
Hospital coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health reporting: Lessons from validation of an automated surveillance tool to facilitate data collection
Authors: Gamage Shantini D. , Evans Martin E. , McCauley Brian P. , Lipscomb Karen R. , Flarida Linda , Jones Makoto M. , Baza Michael , Barraza Jeremy , Simbartl Loretta A. , Roselle Gary A.
Published: March 2022

A comparison of computer-extracted and facility-reported counts of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients for public health reporting at 36 hospitals revealed 42% of days with matching counts between the data sources. Miscategorization of suspect cases was a primary driver of discordance. Clear reporting definitions and data validation facilitate emerging disease surveillance.
Perceptions of Importance and Reported Frequency of Instruction of Self-Determination by Teaching Assistants in New South Wales Schools
Authors: Carter Mark , Webster Amanda , Stephenson Jennifer
Published: March 2022

Self-determination skills, including competencies such as decision-making, are regarded by parents and teachers as important for students with special needs. Although not necessarily regarded as appropriate, teaching assistants often take substantial responsibility for delivering educational programs to students and little is known about their perspectives on self-determination. Perspectives of teaching assistants may impact on their support of programs to enhance self-determination that are developed by teachers. Teaching assistants in New South Wales mainstream schools (N= 320) were surveyed regarding their views on the importance and frequency of instruction of seven competencies related to self-determination of students with special needs. Consistent with previous research, assistants rated all the competencies highly in terms of importance, but frequency of implementation was more variable. Moderate correlations were found between ratings of importance and frequency of implementation, suggesting that greater instructional time was devoted to competencies viewed as more important. Limited differences were found between assistants working at primary and secondary levels. Although features of the interactions of teaching assistants that can inhibit self-determination have been often identified in previous research, it is argued that, paradoxically, assistants may be well positioned to facilitate the development of self-determination with appropriate training and supervision. Directions for future research are identified.
Asian elephant movements between natural and human-dominated landscapes mirror patterns of crop damage in Sri Lanka
Authors: Fernando Chandima , Weston Michael A. , Corea Ravi , Pahirana Kelum , Rendall Anthony R.
Published: March 2022

Wildlife movements within a landscape are influenced by environmental factors such as food availability and, as human-modified landscapes continue to expand, the risks associated with encountering people. For Asian elephants Elephas maximus, human-dominated landscapes can be a risky but also rewarding habitat. When elephants share space with people, negative human–elephant interactions are common, sometimes resulting in injuries or deaths of both people and elephants. We monitored elephant movements in and out of a forest reserve in central Sri Lanka to test four predictions regarding elephant behaviour: (1) visits to agricultural areas occur at times of the year when crops are plentiful, (2) elephants exploit these areas by night to avoid interactions with people, (3) increased nocturnal illumination reduces use of agricultural areas, and (4) males make greater use of anthropogenic food sources than family groups. Analysis of camera-trap data confirmed that elephants visited human-dominated areas mostly at night. The frequency of such incursions was not influenced by moon phase for males, but there was a weak effect of moon phase for family groups. Males moved more frequently into human-dominated landscapes than family groups, and their movements showed a distinct seasonal pattern, peaking at times of rice and fruit harvest. Our findings suggest that elephants primarily venture into human-dominated areas to consume crops. Encouraging farmers in areas frequented by elephants to adapt land-use practices (e.g. guarding crops, fencing villages, planting orange/citrus fences) and establish early warning systems could help limit the damage caused by elephants.
Receptive and expressive vocabulary development in children learning English as an additional language: Converging evidence from multiple datasets
Authors: DIXON Chris , HESSEL Annina , SMITH Natalie , NIELSEN Dea , WESIERSKA Marta , OXLEY Emily
Published: March 2022

Children learning English as an additional language (EAL) are a diverse and growing group of pupils in England’s schools. Relative to their monolingual (ML) peers, these children tend to show lower receptive and expressive vocabulary knowledge in English, although interpretation of findings is limited by small and heterogeneous samples. In an effort to increase representativeness and power, the present study combined published and unpublished datasets from six cross-sectional and four longitudinal studies investigating the vocabulary development of 434 EAL learners and 342 ML peers (age range: 4;9–11;5) in 42 primary schools. Multilevel modelling confirmed previous findings of significantly lower English vocabulary scores of EAL learners and some degree of convergence in receptive but not expressive knowledge by the end of primary school. Evidence for narrowing of the gap in receptive knowledge was found only in datasets spanning a longer developmental period, hinting at the protracted nature of this convergence.
COVID-19 cases in spectators returning to Finland from UEFA Euro 2020 matches in Saint Petersburg
Authors: Sarvikivi E. , Salminen M. , Savolainen-Kopra C. , Ikonen N. , Kontio M. , Isosomppi S. , Jamanca S. , Hannila-Handelberg T. , Vapalahti O. , Smura T. , Lappalainen M. , Helve O.
Published: March 2022

UEFA Euro 2020 tournament was scheduled to take place in 2020, but due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was rescheduled to start on 11 June 2021. Approximately 4500 Finnish spectators participated, travelling between Finland and Russia during the period of 16 to 30 June to attend matches played on 16 and 21 June. A total of 419 persons returning from Russia or with a connection to Russia were detected positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Of the 321 sequenced samples 303 turned out to be of the Delta variant. None of these cases was hospitalised. In the following weeks findings of the Delta variant increased rapidly. Thus, EURO 2020 travel-related imported cases likely facilitated this rapid surge of Delta variant, but this impact would likely have been seen with the typical increase in the number of travellers entering Finland later in the summer.
Gender bias in legal corpora and debiasing it
Authors: Sevim Nurullah , Şahinuç Furkan , Koç Aykut
Published: March 2022

Word embeddings have become important building blocks that are used profoundly in natural language processing (NLP). Despite their several advantages, word embeddings can unintentionally accommodate some gender- and ethnicity-based biases that are present within the corpora they are trained on. Therefore, ethical concerns have been raised since word embeddings are extensively used in several high-level algorithms. Studying such biases and debiasing them have recently become an important research endeavor. Various studies have been conducted to measure the extent of bias that word embeddings capture and to eradicate them. Concurrently, as another subfield that has started to gain traction recently, the applications of NLP in the field of law have started to increase and develop rapidly. As law has a direct and utmost effect on people’s lives, the issues of bias for NLP applications in legal domain are certainly important. However, to the best of our knowledge, bias issues have not yet been studied in the context of legal corpora. In this article, we approach the gender bias problem from the scope of legal text processing domain. Word embedding models that are trained on corpora composed by legal documents and legislation from different countries have been utilized to measure and eliminate gender bias in legal documents. Several methods have been employed to reveal the degree of gender bias and observe its variations over countries. Moreover, a debiasing method has been used to neutralize unwanted bias. The preservation of semantic coherence of the debiased vector space has also been demonstrated by using high-level tasks. Finally, overall results and their implications have been discussed in the scope of NLP in legal domain.
Perceived risk crowds out trust? Trust and public compliance with coronavirus restrictions over the course of the pandemic
Authors: Seyd Ben , Bu Feifei
Published: March 2022

Governments rely on citizen compliance for official rules to be effective. Yet achieving compliance is often tricky, particular when individual costs are high. Under what conditions will citizens voluntarily respect collective rules? We explore public compliance with SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus) restrictions, focusing on the role of political trust. We anticipate that the effects of trust on compliance will be conditional on the presence of other factors, notably fear of infection. Low levels of fear may provide room for trust to shape compliance; yet high levels of fear may ‘crowd out’ the role of trust. We hypothesize that, at the pandemic’s outset, compliance was likely to be shaped more by fear than by trust. Yet as the pandemic progressed, the impact of fear on compliance was likely to have weakened, and the impact of trust to have strengthened. These hypotheses are tested using longitudinal data from Austria, Germany, and the United Kingdom.
A Historical Perspective of the La Niña Event in 2020/2021
Authors: Li Xiaofan , Hu Zeng‐Zhen , Tseng Yu‐heng , Liu Yunyun , Liang Ping
Published: March 2022

El Niño–Southern Oscillation is the strongest interannual variability in the tropical oceans and the major source of global climate predictability. In this work, we examine the evolution of oceanic and atmospheric anomalies in the tropical Pacific during 2020/2021 La Niña and compare it with the historical strong La Niña events since 1982, identify the contributions of different time scale components, and assess the predictions and the impact on extra‐tropical climate. 2020/2021 La Niña emerged in August 2020 and dissipated in May 2021. 2020/2021 La Niña was uniquely preceded by a borderline El Niño instead of an El Niño and a weak equatorial‐heat discharge process. That resulted in the weakest event among the strong La Niñas since 1982, although there were strong upwelling Kelvin wave activities. Moreover, compared with other strong La Niña events, the surface easterly wind anomalies and the warm pool extended further eastward in 2020/2021 La Niña, linking to a relatively weaker dipole‐like pattern of the subsurface ocean temperature anomalies. The strength of all the strong La Niña events is determined by the in‐phase amplification of all time scale variations. Their decay in the boreal spring and early summer is mainly controlled by the intra seasonal‐inter seasonal variation. 2020/2021 La Niña was successfully predicted, however, the North American climate anomalies did not match the typical La Niña response, leading to low prediction skill in the extra‐tropics during its mature phase.
It’s Getting Hot Under Greenland
Authors: Beurteaux Danielle
Published: March 2022

Meltwater draining through an area of the Greenland Ice Sheet creates enough energy to rival that of a massive hydroelectric power station, researchers say.
An innovative way to modulate the photoluminescence of carbonized polymer dots
Authors: Li Pengfei , Sun Zaicheng
Published: March 2022

Cross-linking enhances the photoluminescence quantum yield of carbonized polymer dots, in which confined-domain promotes the energy level overlap, redshifts emission wavelength, and facilitates phosphorescence generation.
Anti-cancer therapy is associated with long-term epigenomic changes in childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Robinson Natassia , Casement John , Gunter Marc J. , Huybrechts Inge , Agudo Antonio , Barranco Miguel Rodríguez , Eichelmann Fabian , Johnson Theron , Kaaks Rudolf , Pala Valeria , Panico Salvatore , Sandanger Torkjel M. , Schultze Matthias B. , Travis Ruth C. , Tumino Rosario , Vineis Paolo , Weiderpass Elisabete , Skinner Roderick , Sharp Linda , McKay Jill A , Strathdee Gordon
Published: March 2022

Background

Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) exhibit significantly increased chronic diseases and premature death. Abnormalities in DNA methylation are associated with development of chronic diseases and reduced life expectancy. We investigated the hypothesis that anti-cancer treatments are associated with long-term DNA methylation changes that could be key drivers of adverse late health effects.

Methods

Genome-wide DNA methylation was assessed using MethylationEPIC arrays in paired samples (before/after therapy) from 32 childhood cancer patients. Separately, methylation was determined in 32 samples from different adult CCS (mean 22-years post-diagnosis) and compared with cancer-free controls (n = 284).

Results

Widespread DNA methylation changes were identified post-treatment in childhood cancer patients, including 146 differentially methylated regions (DMRs), which were consistently altered in the 32 post-treatment samples. Analysis of adult CCS identified matching methylation changes at 107/146 of the DMRs, suggesting potential long-term retention of post-therapy changes. Adult survivors also exhibited epigenetic age acceleration, independent of DMR methylation. Furthermore, altered methylation at theDUSP6DMR was significantly associated with early mortality, suggesting altered methylation may be prognostic for some late adverse health effects in CCS.

Conclusions

These novel methylation changes could serve as biomarkers for assessing normal cell toxicity in ongoing treatments and predicting long-term health outcomes in CCS.
Age-related effects of executive function on takeover performance in automated driving
Authors: Peng Qijia , Wu Yanbin , Qie Nan , Iwaki Sunao
Published: March 2022

The development of highly automated vehicles can meet elderly drivers’ mobility needs; however, worse driving performance after a takeover request (TOR) is frequently found, especially regarding non-driving related tasks (NDRTs). This study aims to detect the correlation between takeover performance and underlying cognitive factors comprising a set of higher order cognitive processes including executive functions. Thirty-five young and 35 elderly participants were tested by computerized cognitive tasks and simulated driving tasks to evaluate their executive functions and takeover performance. Performance of n-back tasks, Simon tasks, and task switching were used to evaluate updating, inhibition, and shifting components of executive functions by principal component analysis. The performance of lane changing after TOR was measured using the standard deviation of the steering wheel angle and minimum time-to-collision (TTC). Differences between age groups and NDRT engagement were assessed by two-way mixed analysis of variance. Older participants had significantly lower executive function ability and were less stable and more conservative when engaged in NDRT. Furthermore, a significant correlation between executive function and lateral driving stability was found. These findings highlight the interaction between age-related differences in executive functions and takeover performance; thus, provide implications for designing driver screening tests or human–machine interfaces.
Spin-thermoelectric effects in a quantum dot hybrid system with magnetic insulator
Authors: Trocha Piotr , Siuda Emil
Published: March 2022

We investigate spin thermoelectric properties of a hybrid system consisting of a single-level quantum dot attached to magnetic insulator and metal electrodes. Magnetic insulator is assumed to be of ferromagnetic type and is a source of magnons, whereas metallic lead is reservoir of electrons. The temperature gradient set between the magnetic insulator and metallic electrodes induces the spin current flowing through the system. The generated spin current of magnonic (electric) type is converted to electric (magnonic) spin current by means of quantum dot. Expanding spin and heat currents flowing through the system, up to linear order, we introduce basic spin thermoelectric coefficients including spin conductance, spin Seebeck and spin Peltier coefficients and heat conductance. We analyse the spin thermoelectric properties of the system in two cases: in the large ondot Coulomb repulsion limit and when these interactions are finite.
Human liver organoid derived intra-hepatic bile duct cells support SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication
Authors: Lui Vincent Chi-Hang , Hui Kenrie Pui-Yan , Babu Rosanna Ottakandathil , Yue Haibing , Chung Patrick Ho-Yu , Tam Paul Kwong-Hang , Chan Michael Chi-Wai , Wong Kenneth Kak-Yuen
Published: March 2022

Although the main route of infection for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the respiratory tract, liver injury is also commonly seen in many patients, as evidenced by deranged parenchymal liver enzymes. Furthermore, the severity of liver damage has been shown to correlate with higher mortality. Overall, the mechanism behind the liver injury remains unclear. We showed in this study that intra-hepatic bile duct cells could be grown using a human liver organoid platform. The cholangiocytes were not only susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, they also supported efficient viral replication. We also showed that SARS-CoV-2 replication was much higher than SARS-CoV. Our findings suggested direct cytopathic viral damage being a mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 liver injury.
Sexual development dysgenesis in interspecific hybrids of Medaka fish
Authors: Martinez-Bengochea A. L. , Kneitz S. , Herpin A. , Nóbrega R. H. , Adolfi M. C. , Schartl M.
Published: March 2022

Fish are amongst vertebrates the group with the highest diversity of known sex-determining genes. Particularly, the genusOryziasis a suitable taxon to understand how different sex determination genetic networks evolved in closely related species. Two closely related species,O. latipesandO. curvinotus,do not only share the same XX/XY sex chromosome system, but also the same male sex-determining gene,dmrt1bY. We performed whole mRNA transcriptomes and morphology analyses of the gonads of hybrids resulting from reciprocal crosses betweenO. latipesandO. curvinotus. XY male hybrids, presenting meiotic arrest and no production of sperm were sterile, and about 30% of the XY hybrids underwent male-to-female sex reversal. Both XX and XY hybrid females exhibited reduced fertility and developed ovotestis while aging. Transcriptome data showed that male-related genes are upregulated in the XX and XY female hybrids. The transcriptomes of both types of female and of the male gonads are characterized by upregulation of meiosis and germ cell differentiation genes. Differences in the parental species in the downstream pathways of sexual development could explain sex reversal, sterility, and the development of intersex gonads in the hybrids. We hypothesize that male-to-female sex reversal may be connected to a different development time between species at whichdmrt1bYexpression starts. Our results provide molecular clues for the proximate mechanisms of hybrid incompatibility and Haldane’s rule.
Structured analysis of the impact of fetal motion on phase-contrast MRI flow measurements with metric optimized gating
Authors: Schulz Alexander , Lloyd David F. A. , van Poppel Milou P. M. , Roberts Thomas A. , Steinweg Johannes K. , Pushparajah Kuberan , Hajnal Joseph V. , Razavi Reza
Published: March 2022

The impact of fetal motion on phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) with metric optimized gating (MOG) remains unknown, despite being a known limitation to prenatal MRI. This study aims to describe the effect of motion on fetal flow-measurements using PC-MRI with MOG and to generate a scoring-system that could be used to predict motion-corrupted datasets at the time of acquisition. Ten adult volunteers underwent PC-MRI with MOG using a motion-device to simulate reproducible in-plane motion encountered in fetuses. PC-MRI data were acquired on ten fetuses. All ungated images were rated on their quality from 0 (no motion) to 2 (severe motion). There was no significant difference in measured flows with in-plane motion during the first and last third of sequence acquisition. Movement in the middle section of acquisition produced a significant difference while all referring ungated images were rated with a score of 2. Intra-Class-Correlation (ICC) for flow-measurements in adult and fetal datasets was lower for datasets with scores of 2. For fetal applications, the use of a simple three-point scoring system reliably identifies motion-corrupted sequences from unprocessed data at the time of acquisition, with a high score corresponding to significant underestimation of flow values and increased interobserver variability.
A novel renal perivascular mesenchymal cell subset gives rise to fibroblasts distinct from classic myofibroblasts
Authors: Minatoguchi Shun , Saito Shoji , Furuhashi Kazuhiro , Sawa Yuriko , Okazaki Masaki , Shimamura Yuko , Kaihan Ahmad Baseer , Hashimoto Yusaku , Yasuda Yoshinari , Hara Akitoshi , Mizutani Yasuyuki , Ando Ryota , Kato Noritoshi , Ishimoto Takuji , Tsuboi Naotake , Esaki Nobutoshi , Matsuyama Makoto , Shiraki Yukihiro , Kobayashi Hiroki , Asai Naoya , Enomoto Atsushi , Maruyama Shoichi
Published: March 2022

Perivascular mesenchymal cells (PMCs), which include pericytes, give rise to myofibroblasts that contribute to chronic kidney disease progression. Several PMC markers have been identified; however, PMC heterogeneity and functions are not fully understood. Here, we describe a novel subset of renal PMCs that express Meflin, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein that was recently identified as a marker of fibroblasts essential for cardiac tissue repair. Tracing the lineage of Meflin+ PMCs, which are found in perivascular and periglomerular areas and exhibit renin-producing potential, showed that they detach from the vasculature and proliferate under disease conditions. Although the contribution of Meflin+ PMCs to conventional α-SMA+ myofibroblasts is low, they give rise to fibroblasts with heterogeneous α-SMA expression patterns. Genetic ablation of Meflin+ PMCs in a renal fibrosis mouse model revealed their essential role in collagen production. Consistent with this, human biopsy samples showed that progressive renal diseases exhibit high Meflin expression. Furthermore, Meflin overexpression in kidney fibroblasts promoted bone morphogenetic protein 7 signals and suppressed myofibroblastic differentiation, implicating the roles of Meflin in suppressing tissue fibrosis. These findings demonstrate that Meflin marks a PMC subset that is functionally distinct from classic pericytes and myofibroblasts, highlighting the importance of elucidating PMC heterogeneity.
Sea anemone Bartholomea annulata venom inhibits voltage-gated Na+ channels and activates GABAA receptors from mammals
Authors: Colom-Casasnovas Antònia , Garay Edith , Cisneros-Mejorado Abraham , Aguilar Manuel B. , Lazcano-Pérez Fernando , Arellano Rogelio O. , Sánchez-Rodríguez Judith
Published: March 2022

Toxin production in nematocysts by Cnidaria phylum represents an important source of bioactive compounds. Using electrophysiology and, heterologous expression of mammalian ion channels in the Xenopus oocyte membrane, we identified two main effects produced by the sea anemone Bartholomea annulata venom. Nematocysts isolation and controlled discharge of their content, revealed that venom had potent effects on both voltage-dependent Na+ (Nav) channels and GABA type A channel receptors (GABAAR), two essential proteins in central nervous system signaling. Unlike many others sea anemone toxins, which slow the inactivation rate of Nav channels, B. annulata venom potently inhibited the neuronal action potential and the Na+ currents generated by distinct Nav channels opening, including human TTX-sensitive (hNav1.6) and TTX-insensitive Nav channels (hNav1.5). A second effect of B. annulata venom was an agonistic action on GABAAR that activated distinct receptors conformed by either α1β2γ2, α3β2γ1 or, ρ1 homomeric receptors. Since GABA was detected in venom samples by ELISA assay at low nanomolar range, it was excluded that GABA from nematocysts directly activated the GABAARs. This revealed that substances in B. annulata nematocysts generated at least two potent and novel effects on mammalian ion channels that are crucial for nervous system signaling.
Unraveling the acid–base characterization and solvent effects on the structural and electronic properties of a bis-bidentate bridging ligand
Authors: Franco Leandro Rezende , Toledo Kalil Cristhian Figueiredo , Matias Tiago Araujo , Benavides Paola Andrea , Cezar Henrique Musseli , Araujo C. Moyses , Coutinho Kaline , Araki Koiti
Published: March 2022

Understanding the interactions and the solvent effects on the distribution of several species in equilibrium and how it can influence the 1H-NMR properties, spectroscopy (UV-vis absorption), and the acid–base equilibria can be especially challenging.
Molecular behavior of hybrid gas hydrate nucleation: separation of soluble H2S from mixed gas
Authors: Lu Yi , Lv Xin , Li Qingping , Yang Lei , Zhang Lunxiang , Zhao Jiafei , Song Yongchen
Published: March 2022

The separation process during a mixed H2S/CH4 hydrate nucleation and growth process. Most H2S molecules are found enriched in the hydrate phase.
Piezoelectric nanogenerators for personalized healthcare
Authors: Deng Weili , Zhou Yihao , Libanori Alberto , Chen Guorui , Yang Weiqing , Chen Jun
Published: March 2022

Piezoelectric nanogenerators are becoming a compelling bioelectronics platform technology for human-associated energy harvesting, self-powered sensing, and therapeutics, which will largely contribute to the medical field in the era of the Internet of things.
Supported Rh2O3 sub-nanometer size particles for the direct amination of ethylene with piperidine
Authors: Sengupta Manideepa , Khan Tuhin Suvra , Das Subhasis , Singh Gurmeet , Kumar Ravi , Bhattacharya Dibyendu , Haider M. Ali , Islam Sk Manirul , Bordoloi Ankur
Published: March 2022

The π-binding mode of Rh80O120 rather than a stronger σ-binding mode of Rh2O3 (100) surface to CC, reflects the superior catalytic activity of Rh2O3 sub-nanoparticles confined in SiO2 towards ethylenic hydroamination, in contrast to large particle.
Visible and near-infrared emitting heterotrimetallic lanthanide–aluminum–sodium 12-metallacrown-4 compounds: discrete monomers and dimers
Authors: Eliseeva Svetlana V. , Travis Jordan R. , Nagy Sarah G. , Smihosky Alyssa M. , Foley Collin M. , Kauffman Abigail C. , Zaleski Curtis M. , Petoud Stéphane
Published: March 2022

The terbium-aluminum metallacrowns (MC), TbAl4Na (left image & capillary) and Tb2Al8Na2 (right image & capillary) emit green light. Tb2Al8Na2 has a quantum yield value of 43.9%, the highest value observed in the solid state to date for a TbIII MC.
Gel polymer electrolytes with high performance based on a polyvinylidene fluoride composite with eco-friendly lignocellulose for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zheng He , Gan Junyuan , Huang Yun , Xu Xi , Liu Jiapin , Zhao Ling , Zhao Zhixing , Chen Jiepeng , Li Chengwei , Li Xing , Wang Mingshan , Lin Yuanhua
Published: March 2022

A gel polymer electrolyte composed of polyvinylidene fluoride and lignocellulose regulates the transference of lithium ions.
19F-centred NMR analysis of mono-fluorinated compounds
Authors: Smith Alan J. R. , York Richard , Uhrín Dušan , Bell Nicholle G. A.
Published: March 2022

19F is the focal point of broadband, phase-sensitive 2D NMR experiments that provide 1H, 13C and 19F chemical shifts, values of JHF, JHH, and JFC coupling constants and 13C-induced 19F isotopic shifts to elucidate structures of fluorinated molecules.
Toward layered MoS2 anode for harvesting superior lithium storage
Authors: Zhang Ying , Ponnuru Hanisha , Jiang Qinting , Shan Hui , Maleki Kheimeh Sari Hirbod , Li Wenbin , Wang Jingjing , Hu Junhua , Peng Jianhong , Li Xifei
Published: March 2022

A facile and scalable approach is developed to prepare large-flake, few-layer (4–8) MoS2 nanosheets with the assistance of ultrasonics.
High-throughput microscopy to determine morphology, microrheology, and phase boundaries applied to phase separating coacervates
Authors: Luo Yimin , Gu Mengyang , Edwards Chelsea E. R. , Valentine Megan T. , Helgeson Matthew E.
Published: March 2022

Evolution of composition, rheology, and morphology during phase separation in complex fluids is highly coupled to rheological and mass transport processes within the emerging phases, and understanding this coupling is critical for materials design of multiphase complex fluids.
Rational design of dual-functional surfaces on polypropylene with antifouling and antibacterial performances via a micropatterning strategy
Authors: Jiang Liu , Qin Niuniu , Gu Shunli , Zhu Wancheng , Wang Changhao , Chen Yashao
Published: March 2022

We construct a dual-function micropatterned PP surface with antifouling and antibacterial properties through plasma activation, photomask technology and ultraviolet light-induced graft polymerization.
Hydrogen-bond-induced cathode engineering interface achieving high-efficiency organic solar cells
Authors: Ma Benteng , Lin Hui , Li Minglang , Yu Xin , Li Xinrui , Du Xiaoyang , Yang Gang , Zheng Caijun , Tao Silu
Published: March 2022

Hydrogen formed between accepter Y6 and interlayer 2N-SAM can improve device performance.
The effect of electron–phonon and electron-impurity scattering on the electronic transport properties of silicon/germanium superlattices
Authors: Settipalli Manoj , Proshchenko Vitaly S. , Neogi Sanghamitra
Published: March 2022

Lattice strain environment of superlattices causes shift of electronic bands and electron relaxation times modulated electronic transport properties.
Band gap and electronic structure of defects in the ternary nitride BP3N6: experiment and theory
Authors: de Boer Tristan , Fattah Md. Fahim Al , Amin Muhammad Ruhul , Ambach Sebastian J. , Vogel Sebastian , Schnick Wolfgang , Moewes Alexander
Published: March 2022

The electronic properties, including the band gap and presence of defects, of the novel ternary nitride BP3N6are elucidated using synchrotron radiation.
Rhodamine 6G and 800 intermolecular heteroaggregates embedded in PMMA for near-infrared wavelength shifting
Authors: Castillo-Seoane Javier , Gonzalez-Garcia Lola , Obrero-Perez José M. , Aparicio Francisco J. , Borrás Ana , González-Elipe Agustín R. , Barranco Ángel , Sanchez-Valencia Juan R.
Published: March 2022

Rhodamine 6G and 800 in PMMA matrices present enhanced fluorescence emission in the near-infrared originating from the formation of ground-state intermolecular heteroaggregates.
Recent advances and applications to cultural heritage using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging
Authors: Liu Guan-Lin , Kazarian Sergei G.
Published: March 2022

A tutorial on non-destructive and high spatial resolution ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging approaches for the analysis of cultural heritage objects.
Right- and left-handed PPI helices in cyclic dodecapeptoids
Authors: Pierri Giovanni , Schettini Rosaria , Summa Francesco F. , De Riccardis Francesco , Monaco Guglielmo , Izzo Irene , Tedesco Consiglia
Published: March 2022

Right- and left-handed polyproline type I helices in cyclic dodecapeptoids are observed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Five consecutivecisresidues bridged bytransresidues are stabilized by backbone CO⋯CO interactions and CO⋯HC hydrogen bonds; intramolecular backbone-to-side chain C5 CO⋯HC hydrogen bonds also emerge as a stabilizing factor.
Bimetallic Bi–Sn microspheres as high initial coulombic efficiency and long lifespan anodes for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhu Yansong , Wang Chunting , Cheng Zhenjie , Yao Qian , Su Jie , Chen Bo , Yang Jian , Qian Yitai
Published: March 2022

μ-BiSn microspheres combine the advantages of Sn (high theoretical capacity) and Bi (good rate performance) as high-performance anodes for sodium-ion batteries.
Anchoring ultra-small Mo2C nanocrystals on honeycomb-structured N-doped carbon spheres for efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Shi Changwei , Li Xiaotong , Yang Wei , Liu Xiong , An Yongkang , Zhou Liang , Mai Liqiang
Published: March 2022

An efficient Mo2C based hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst consisting of ultrasmall Mo2C nanocrystals anchored on honeycomb-structured N-doped carbon spheres has been constructed.
A pre-reaction suppressing strategy for α-Ga2O3 halide vapor pressure epitaxy using asymmetric precursor gas flow
Authors: Kim Sunjae , Kim Hyeon Woo , Kim Hyeong-Yun , Jeon Dae-Woo , Cho Sung Beom , Park Ji-Hyeon
Published: March 2022

We report on a high-quality α-Ga2O3 epilayer grown on a sapphire (0001) substrate by suppressing the pre-reaction between the main precursors, GaCl and GaCl3, and O2.
N-doped engineering of a high-voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode with superior cycling capability for wide temperature lithium–ion batteries
Authors: Li Mingzhu , Li Qingping , Hu Maofeng , Du Yongxu , Duan Zhipeng , Fan Hongguang , Cui Yongpeng , Liu Shuang , Jin Yongcheng , Liu Wei
Published: March 2022

Superior rate and cycling capability of a LNMO cathode can be achieved by a synergistic strategy of a yolk–shell architecture and N-doped engineering.
Zirconium oxo clusters as discrete molecular catalysts for the direct amide bond formation
Authors: Zhang Yujie , de Azambuja Francisco , Parac-Vogt Tatjana N.
Published: March 2022

A discrete dodecanuclear Zr oxo cluster catalyzed the direct formation of amide bonds without the need of water scavenging or dry reactions conditions showcasing the potential of these molecular clusters to become a new class of efficient catalysts.
Ferroelastic-like transition and solvents affect the magnetism of a copper–organic radical one-dimensional coordination polymer
Authors: Gao Yan-Li , Nishihara Sadafumi , Suzuki Takashi , Umeo Kazunori , Inoue Katsuya , Kurmoo Mohamedally
Published: March 2022

The one-dimensional coordination polymers {[CuII(hfac)2]3(m-BNN)}n·nCH2Cl2 (1·CH2Cl2, P1̄) and {[CuII(hfac)2]3(m-BNN)}n (1′, P2/n), were obtained from CH2Cl2 and CHCl3, respectively. 1·CH2Cl2 is transformed to 1 at 335 K.
Albumin as a prospective carrier of the nitrosyl iron complex with thiourea and thiosulfate ligands under aerobic conditions
Authors: Pokidova Olesya V. , Emel'yanova Nina S. , Kormukhina Alexandra Yu. , Novikova Veronika O. , Kulikov Alexander V. , Kotelnikov Alexander I. , Sanina Natalia A.
Published: March 2022

The decomposition product of NICs with thiourea and thiosulfate ligands under aerobic conditions can form the high-molecular-weight product Fe(Cys34)(His39)(NO)(NO2).
Structural and thermal properties of ultralow thermal conductivity Ba3Cu2Sn3Se10
Authors: Ojo Oluwagbemiga P. , Gunatilleke Wilarachchige D. C. B. , Wang Hsin , Nolas George S.
Published: March 2022

The thermal properties of Ba3Cu2Sn3Se10 were investigated for the first time and reveal ultralow thermal conductivity attributable to relatively weak chemical bonding, intrinsic anharmonicity and a large unit cell.
Alkane C–H activation and ligand exchange on silica supported d0 metal alkylidenes: relevance to alkane metathesis
Authors: Núñez-Zarur Francisco , Díaz López Estefanía , Restrepo Albeiro
Published: March 2022

In this work, we study the ligand exchange process between alkanes and a series of silica supported metal alkylidenes, which may occur by different pathways: C–H addition, σ-bond metathesis, and α-H abstraction.
Influence of substituents in aryl groups on the structure, thermal transitions and electrorheological properties of zinc bis(diarylphosphate) hybrid polymers
Authors: Dębowski Maciej , Guńka Piotr A. , Żurawski Konrad , Zybert Magdalena , Modzelewska Beata , Ostrowski Andrzej , Zachara Janusz , Florjańczyk Zbigniew
Published: March 2022

The structures and thermal and electrorheological properties of coordination polymers with the formula Zn[O2P(OC6H4R)2]3 [R = OMe, NO2 or C(O)OEt] are reported.
Metal organic framework/polyelectrolyte composites for water vapor sorption applications
Authors: Shutava Tatsiana , Jansen Christian , Livanovich Kanstantsin , Pankov Vladimir , Janiak Christoph
Published: March 2022

Modification of metal–organic framework (MOF) particles with a layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte shell leads to a shift of an S-shaped isotherm, increases/decreases water uptake in selected regions, and accelerates moisture uptake and loss.
Crossed-beam and theoretical studies of multichannel nonadiabatic reactions: branching fractions and role of intersystem crossing for O(3P) + 1,3-butadiene
Authors: Cavallotti C. , Della Libera A. , Zhou C.-W. , Recio P. , Caracciolo A. , Balucani N. , Casavecchia P.
Published: March 2022

The O(3P) + 1,3 C4H6 reaction is studied through non adiabatic AITSTME simulations and CMB experiments. The main reaction channels are HCO + C3H5, CO + C3H6, H2CO + C3H4, and H + C4H5O. Temperature dependent rates are then theoretically determined.
Unique protonconduction 3D ZnII metal organic framework exposure to aquaammonia vapor to enhance conductivity
Authors: Liu Ruilan , Li Jie , Zhu Wenping , Yang Weijie , Li Yanxia , Liu Zengchen , Chen Yahong , Li Gang
Published: March 2022

The ZnII MOF with proton-conductivity obtained an optimal conductivity of 1.38 × 10−3 S cm−1 (100 °C) under 2 M aquaammonia vapor.