bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patterns and Determinants of Utilization of Antenatal Care Services in Tanta, Egypt
Authors: Hamza Eman Abdulhamid , Saied Shimaa M. , Ataallah Asmaa Abd Elrheem , Atlam Samir Abdelmageed
Published: May 2022

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is the health care given to pregnant women, to monitor the pregnancy and reduce the risks for the mother and baby during pregnancy and at delivery. To be most effective, it is recommended that all pregnant women should have at least four antenatal checkups during pregnancy, started as early as possible in the first trimester.

Aim: The study aimed to determine the utilization pattern of antenatal care facilities and to identify the determinants of utilization of the antenatal care services in family health centers in Tanta District.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 women attending four family health care facilities in Tanta city. The tools of the study were a predesigned, pretested structured questionnaire that inquire about socio-demographic data, obstetric history, medical history, the content of antenatal care program and utilization pattern, the attitude of the studied pregnant women towards ANC. Informed consent was obtained from each participant and data confidentiality was guaranteed. The data were collected through interviewing the selected women.

Results: More than half of participants (51.3%) started the first visit of ANC in their first trimester. Most of them (62.3%) received adequate ANC. Mothers in rural areas utilized ANC more than urban ones. The age of pregnant women was significantly lower among those who received adequate ANC than those with inadequate ANC. A higher percentage of adequate ANC recipients were more educated however the difference was not statistically significant. There was a statistically significant difference between adequacy of ANC and family income. Gravidity, parity, and children’s numbers did not significantly differ according to the adequacy of ANC.

Conclusion: Age of the women, residence, obstetric complication, the way to the health facility transportation cost, transportation comfortability, the number of work hours of health care providers were the significant predictors for the determination of utilization pattern of ANC services by the studied pregnant women.
Effective Inhibition of H5N1 Influenza Virus Infectivity using Safe and Calculated Low Power Generated from Life Restoration device under Different Conditions
Authors: Madboly Waleed Ezzat , Abu-Dief Ahmed M.
Published: May 2022

Objectives: The use of the antiviral drugs and vaccination against pathogenic viruses induce some disorders and death cases. Therefore, it is urgent to develop an alternative therapy to protect and reduce the virus side effects. Here, in this report we designated a novel device termed as Life Restoration Device (LRD) for viral infectivity reduction.

Methodology: Here in this study, we studied the efficacy of the LRD in the treatment of influenza A virus subtype (H5N1) under different conditions using plaque assay analysis.

Results: This report showed that, the infectively inhibition of the H5N1 virus was 90%, 100% and 90% for 30 min, 60 min and 90 min respectively after exposure to LRD equipped with copper rod and cell culture medium. While the copper-coated nickle rod of LRD induces the infectivity inhibition percentage into 95%, 95% and 100% after 30 min, 60 min and 90 min respectively when exposure to LRD and cell culture medium. The nucleic acids analysis using real time PCR for viral solution before and after treatment confirmed the data provided by the plaque assays test. This data confirms the effective inhibition of H5N1 infectivity using specific electric stimulations even under different conditions. Furthermore, the effective treatment of pathogenic viruses such as H5N1 with electric stimulation generated by LRD is effective and safe therapy but needs further future investigations.
Correlation of Serum Thiamine with Physical and Biochemical Parameters among Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Bilal Sana , Raza Lubna , Khan Muhammad Sajid , Adil Raheela , Bari Ambreen , Anwar Adnan , Siddiqui Ahsan Ali
Published: May 2022

Objective: Thiamine or vitamin B1 is a fundamental vitamins and minerals and enzyme cofactor that are needed for most of the anabolic and catabolic reaction that occurs in organisms. Deficiency of Thiamine has been associated with numerous complications in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Therefore, this study was intended to assess various biochemical and anthropometric parameters with serum thiamine levels in patients with type I and type II diabetes.

Methodology: This was a case-control study carried out in outpatient department (OPD) of Diabetes Department of Jinnah post graduate medical institute, Karachi by using non-probability convenient sampling technique. This study comprised of 6 months duration after approval of synopsis. A total of 60 participants with type I and II diabetes mellitus of both genders with age < 25 to > 46 years were selected; 30 participants with type I diabetes whereas 30 participants had type II diabetes. The Pearson’s correlation test was used to interpret correlation between thiamine levels and height, weight, heart rate, temperature, Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, creatinine, urea in type I and II diabetic patients.

Results: The results showed that among type I diabetics, none of the patient characteristics studied were significantly correlated with the thiamine levels of these patients. On the other hand, among type II diabetics, significantly negative correlation was observed between height and thiamine level (p=0.045) where patients with greater height had lower thiamine level and vice versa. Moreover, both heart rate and total cholesterol were marginally insignificantly correlated with thiamine level (p=0.065 and p=0.069), respectively.

Conclusion: This study concluded that all anthropometric and biochemical parameters were insignificantly correlated with thiamine levels in type I and II diabetes patients. However, height had significant negative correlation with the thiamine level among type II diabetics reflecting patients with more height had lower thiamine level.
Smallholder Rice Farmers’ Perceptions on Usefulness of Mobile-Phone Technology in Bahi District, Tanzania
Authors: Kinyashi George Frank , Timothy Shauri Kaluse , Dimoso Provident , Mwaseba Steven Lee
Published: May 2022

Mobile Phone Technology is increasingly becoming a powerful method of interpersonal communication. This paper documents smallholder rice farmers’ perception of the usefulness of this technology in communicating agricultural production and market information. Data were collected from 282 smallholder farmers selected randomly from rice farmers in Bahi District, Tanzania. The findings revealed that 97.2% of the sampled smallholder farmers owned the phone for more than three years. All phones were able to perform the basic function of sending and receiving short messages and making and receiving calls, with very few (18.8%) capable of accessing the internet. 48% and 78% of the respondents perceived the network coverage and costs of buying and running the technology respectively as moderate, whilst 54.3% perceived the technology as useful in communicating agricultural production and market information. However, only less than 36% of the respondents confirmed to have used the technology to communicate agricultural production and market information, with very few (3.2%) communicating with extension officers. It is recommended that intervention intended to improve farming through mobile phone technology should be configured around the basic functions of mobile phones. More so, extension officers should increase the use of mobile phone technology in advising farmers through automated short message services or a stationed officer on calls.
Acordes historiográficos
Authors: D‟Assunção Barros José
Published: May 2022

O artigo propõe-se a apresentar a possibilidade de utilização de uma Metáfora Musical para a discussão da complexidade das identidades teóricas de historiadores e filósofos da história. A Metáfora empregada – o „acorde teórico‟ – pretende apreender acomplexidade de um autor supondo que nenhum autor, ou poucos autores, adéquam-se estritamente a classificação em um único paradigma historiográfico, tal como o Positivismo, o Historicismo ou o Materialismo Histórico. As idéias apresentadas neste artigo serão desenvolvidas em um livro do autor, que será publicado até o final de 2010, no qual se pretende analisar diversos historiadores e suas obras a partir da metáfora proposta.
Antônio Ramos dos Reis e Nicolau Carvalho de Azevedo – os homens bons nas Minas do Ouro: notas acerca do perfil social dos oficiais camarários na Vila Rica setecentista
Authors: Fioravante Fernanda
Published: May 2022

Após apresentar o perfil geral do homem bom conforme as diretrizes do regimento luso, o presente texto procurará apontar as características mais marcantes da constituição social deste grupo nas primeiras décadas do setecentos em Vila Rica. Como se verá, os homens bons mineiros atuantes na Câmara Municipal tinham sua trajetória marcada sobremaneira por atividades e patentes militares, as quais podiam interferir diretamente na eleição dos indivíduos para os ofícios na governança. Por fim, serão trabalhadas as trajetórias de dois dos oficiais camarários pesquisados, uma vez que seus casos são emblemáticos do perfil social dos camaristas, não apenas em razão do caráter militar, mas também por suas interações sociais.
Historiografia arquivística: novas propostas
Authors: Kelmer Mathias Érika
Published: May 2022

Este trabalho apresenta uma leitura comparativa entre as propostas conceituais de Walter Benjamin, que escreve na passagem do século XIX para o XX, e o experimentohistoriográfico de Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht – Em 1926. Vivendo no limite do tempo –, que vive e escreve na passagem do século XX para o XXI, com o intuito de demonstrar como a estrutura arquivística apresenta-se enquanto proposta interessante para o discurso dito referencial, no caso, o historiográfico (de literatura) em meio à crise de paradigmas contemporânea.
O sermão das tentações na lógica jurídica do Antigo Regime: construindo pactos e preservando as tradições
Authors: Tadeu dos Santos Marcelo
Published: May 2022

A cidadania engloba muitos fatores, entre eles, a cidadania política, ou seja, o direito de participar da vida política do seu país. No Ocidente, esta foi uma conquista recente. O voto universal, por exemplo, só foi instituído, de um modo geral, no início do século XX. No Brasil, veio com a Primeira República, mas ainda não contemplava as mulheres, que só conquistaram o direito a participar das eleições em 1932, mais de quarenta anos depois. O objetivo deste artigo é expor uma parte desta história - a da conquista do sufrágio pelas mulheres no Brasil.
História, Literatura e Memórias: o autoritarismo no Brasil Republicano em três obras literárias
Authors: Rezende Borges Valdeci
Published: May 2022

Considerando a produção literária como fonte documental e testemunha para a História e suporte de apoio da memória coletiva, investiga-se como três literatos brasileiros de diferentes épocas, qual sejam, Lima Barreto, Graciliano Ramos e Marcelo Rubens Paiva, representaram, em suas obras, momentos diversos da história republicana brasileira marcados por práticas de poder e governamentais autoritárias.
O Livro do Armeiro Mor e a Construção da Memória da Realeza Moderna
Authors: Luis Nicolay Robson
Published: May 2022

O presente artigo faz uma análise da construção da memória da realeza moderna em Portugal, a partir do Livro do Armeiro Mor, confeccionado pelo Rei d'Armas Jean du Cros por ordem do rei D. Manuel I, cognominado “O Venturoso”, e enfoca sobre questão dalegitimação do poder régio sobre a nobreza, tendo em vista a transição do modelo político deixado pela monarquia feudal para as novas estruturas da moderna monarquia nacional.
Identification of Plastic Properties through Spherical Indentation
Authors: Ding Yue , Yuan Wei-Ke , Liang Xuan-Ming , Wang Gang-Feng , Niu Xinrui
Published: May 2022

Indentation has become a promising tool to characterize the mechanical parameters of materials. In this work, herein, spherical indentations on elastic‐perfectly plastic materials and strain‐hardening materials are investigated through finite‐element method (FEM) simulations. A new method to extract the yield strength and strain‐hardening exponent from spherical indentation is proposed. The deviation of nominal contact pressure from Hertzian prediction is used as an indicator to determine the plastic parameters. The difference between Hertzian contact pressure and real contact pressure is also investigated for the estimation of contact radius during indentation process. Herein, a more convenient approach is provided in this analysis to directly determine the mechanical parameters of elastic–plastic materials from spherical indentation tests. Validation of this method is presented in the form of a comparison between analytical stress–strain relationships and corresponding curves obtained via iterative FEM simulations of the indentation process. No experimental data are involved in this validation.
Metamaterial Absorbers: From Tunable Surface to Structural Transformation
Authors: Li Weiwei , Xu Manzhang , Xu He‐Xiu , Wang Xuewen , Huang Wei
Published: May 2022

Since the first demonstration, remarkable progress has been made in the theoretical analysis, structural design, numerical simulation, and potential applications of metamaterial absorbers (MAs). With the continuous advancement of novel materials and creative designs, the absorption of MAs is significantly improved over a wide frequency spectrum from microwaves to the optical regime. Further, the integration of active elements into the MA design allows the dynamical manipulation of electromagnetic waves, opening a new platform to push breakthroughs in metadevices. In the last several years, numerous efforts have been devoted to exploring innovative approaches for incorporating tunability to MAs, which is highly desirable because of the progressively increasing demand on designing versatile metadevices. Here, a comprehensive and systematical overview of active MAs with adaptive and on‐demand manner is presented, highlighting innovative materials and unique strategies to precisely control the electromagnetic response. In addition to the mainstream method by manipulating periodic patterns, two additional approaches, including tailoring dielectric spacer and transforming overall structure are called back. Following this, key parameters, such as operating frequency, relative tuning range, and switching speed are summarized and compared to guide for optimum design. Finally, potential opportunities in the development of active MAs are discussed.
Recent Advances in Mucoadhesive Interface Materials, Mucoadhesion Characterization, and Technologies
Authors: Bayer Ilker S.
Published: May 2022

Mucoadhesion is an extremely important field of adhesion science and the comprehensive understanding and modulation of mucoadhesion can lead to lifesaving materials and technologies. For instance, deadly cases of COVID‐19 (SARS‐CoV‐2) cytokine storm are associated with viral adhesion and overproduction of mucus, which obstructs the airways. Mucin is the key polymeric compound that is known as a family of high molecular weight, heavily glycosylated proteins in epithelial tissues. Mucoadhesion can occur in many different ways such as receptor specific and charge interactions, covalent or noncovalent bonds. New mucin‐mimic polymers that replicate its beneficial traits can prevent biofilm formation and biofouling not only in biotechnology but also in membrane technologies. This review addresses the latest understandings related to mucin's role in wet adhesion considering different physiological conditions and shows how this translates into interfacial polymer adhesion. Advances in mucoadhesion measurement techniques including the rheological aspects of polymer–mucin adhesive interactions are presented. Specific mucoadhesive systems are discussed such as hydrogel mucoadhesion, catechol/dopamine functionalization, and polymeric nanoparticles. This overview may expand the current understanding of mucoadhesion between soft materials but also contributes to elastocapillary phenomena in soft materials design and applications such as new membranes, drugs, pharmaceutical devices, and lubricated surfaces.
CRISPR/Cas9 Screens Reveal that Hexokinase 2 Enhances Cancer Stemness and Tumorigenicity by Activating the ACSL4‐Fatty Acid β‐Oxidation Pathway
Authors: Li Hongquan , Song Junjiao , He Yifei , Liu Yizhe , Liu Zhen , Sun Weili , Hu Weiguo , Lei Qun‐Ying , Hu Xin , Chen Zhiao , He Xianghuo
Published: May 2022

Metabolic reprogramming is often observed in carcinogenesis, but little is known about the aberrant metabolic genes involved in the tumorigenicity and maintenance of stemness in cancer cells. Sixty‐seven oncogenic metabolism‐related genes in liver cancer by in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 screening are identified. Among them, acetyl‐CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), aldolase fructose‐bisphosphate A (ALDOA), fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5), and hexokinase 2 (HK2) are strongly associated with stem cell properties. HK2 further facilitates the maintenance and self‐renewal of liver cancer stem cells. Moreover, HK2 enhances the accumulation of acetyl‐CoA and epigenetically activates the transcription of acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family member 4 (ACSL4), leading to an increase in fatty acid β‐oxidation activity. Blocking HK2 or ACSL4 effectively inhibits liver cancer growth, and GalNac‐siHK2 administration specifically targets the growth of orthotopic tumor xenografts. These results suggest a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of liver cancer.
Microbiota in Tumors: From Understanding to Application
Authors: Xie Yifan , Xie Feng , Zhou Xiaoxue , Zhang Lei , Yang Bing , Huang Jun , Wang Fangwei , Yan Haiyan , Zeng Linghui , Zhang Long , Zhou Fangfang
Published: May 2022

Microbes with complex functions have been found to be a potential component in tumor microenvironments. Due to their low biomass and other obstacles, intratumor microbiota is poorly understood. Mucosal sites and normal adjacent tissues are important sources of intratumor microbiota, while hematogenous spread also leads to the invasion of microbes. Intratumor microbiota affects the progression of tumors through several mechanisms, such as DNA damage, activation of oncogenic pathways, induction of immunosuppression, and metabolization of drugs. Notably, in different types of tumors, the composition and abundance of intratumor microbiota are highly heterogeneous and may play different roles in the progression of tumors. Because of the concern in this field, several techniques such as omics and immunological methods have been used to study intratumor microbiota. Here, recent progress in this field is reviewed, including the potential sources of intratumor microbiota, their functions and related mechanisms, and their heterogeneity. Techniques that can be used to study intratumor microbiota are also discussed. Moreover, research is summarized into the development of strategies that can be used in antitumor treatment and prospects for possible future research in this field.
Autologous Skin Fibroblast‐Based PLGA Nanoparticles for Treating Multiorgan Fibrosis
Authors: Long Qiang , Liu Zehua , Shao Qianwen , Shi Hongpeng , Huang Shixing , Jiang Chenyu , Qian Bei , Zhong Yiming , He Xiaojun , Xiang Xiaogang , Yang Yang , Li Bing , Yan Xiaoxiang , Zhao Qiang , Wei Xiaoli , Santos Hélder A. , Ye Xiaofeng
Published: May 2022

Fibrotic diseases remain a substantial health burden with few therapeutic approaches. A hallmark of fibrosis is the aberrant activation and accumulation of myofibroblasts, which is caused by excessive profibrotic cytokines. Conventional anticytokine therapies fail to undergo clinical trials, as simply blocking a single or several antifibrotic cytokines cannot abrogate the profibrotic microenvironment. Here, biomimetic nanoparticles based on autologous skin fibroblasts are customized as decoys to neutralize multiple fibroblast‐targeted cytokines. By fusing the skin fibroblast membrane onto poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid cores, these nanoparticles, termed fibroblast membrane‐camouflaged nanoparticles (FNPs), are shown to effectively scavenge various profibrotic cytokines, including transforming growth factor‐β, interleukin (IL)‐11, IL‐13, and IL‐17, thereby modulating the profibrotic microenvironment. FNPs are sequentially prepared into multiple formulations for different administration routines. As a proof‐of‐concept, in three independent animal models with various organ fibrosis (lung fibrosis, liver fibrosis, and heart fibrosis), FNPs effectively reduce the accumulation of myofibroblasts, and the formation of fibrotic tissue, concomitantly restoring organ function and indicating that FNPs are a potential broad‐spectrum therapy for fibrosis management.
Bioactive Fish Scale Scaffolds with MSCs‐Loading for Skin Flap Regeneration
Authors: Lin Xiang , Kong Bin , Zhu Yujuan , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: May 2022

Skin flap transplantations are common methods for covering and repairing tissue defects in surgery, while the survival rates of these skin flaps are still low due to the vascular crisis and necrosis. To improve this situation, herein a novel biohybrid scaffold is proposed by integrating the advantages of anisotropic fish scales and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for skin flap regeneration. The fish scale scaffold is obtained through its decellularization and decalcification processes, which reserved intact collagen, glycosaminoglycan, and other endogenous growth factors for MSCs and human vascular endothelial cells proliferation. As the scaffold maintains intrinsic anisotropic structures on both surfaces, the proliferative cells can be elongated along the aligned structures on the fish scale, which endow them the capacity to differentiate into multiple directions. Based on these features, it is demonstrated from an in vivo experiment that the MSCs‐loading fish scale scaffolds can effectively convert the activated inflammatory macrophages into anti‐inflammatory properties, reduce the inflammation around the flap, and improve the survival rate. These results indicate that the MSCs‐loading fish scale scaffold is suitable and has the potential for skin flap regeneration and functional recovery.
The newly built Ribb Reservoir fisheries, Tana Sub‐basin, Ethiopia: New fishery establishment, diversity, production, challenges and management
Authors: Mequanent Dagnew , Mingist Minwyelet , Getahun Abebe , Anteneh Wassie , Hailu Benyam
Published: May 2022

In the future, agriculture alone may not produce the food needed to feed the increasing world population. Hence, it can be augmented by developing irrigation and water resources, mainly fisheries resources. In Ethiopia, especially in the Tana Sub‐basin, the expanded irrigation practices by building dams and weirs along the tributaries of Lake Tana did not consider fisheries nor the development and management. The aim of this research was, therefore, to promote fisheries and integrate them into the irrigation systems of the Ribb Reservoir in Ethiopia. During the sampling time (from September 2020 to August 2021), primary and secondary data collection and discussions with experts and fishers were conducted. Although the dam prevented the upstream spawning migration of the Labeobarbus species, the reservoir created a new fisheries development. Water quality parameters, such as temperature (23.82 ± 1.38°C), pH (6.36 ± 0.64) and dissolved oxygen (8.84 ± 3.54 mgl‐1), were within the acceptable range for fish. Of the 11 identified fish species, L. nedgia and L. surkis were the most and the least common species, respectively. Riverine and cut spawner species were the sources of the population. However, Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) was restocked in 2017 to increase the livelihoods of fishers. The Fulton condition factor, K values of L. nedgia (1.63 ± 0.25), L. intermedius (1.70 ± 0.27), C. gariepinus (0.61 ± 0.13) and O. niloticus (1.65 ± 0.29), and their ‘b’ values were <3. The newly established fishery in the reservoir is the source of income for fishers, and its annual production has been shown to increase from 148.5 to 1034.1 tons/year, indicating fish are adapting to the reservoir. However, the fishery has faced many challenges, such as illegal fishing, fisher engagement, and fishing gears. Limiting the number of fishers, restrictions on fishing gears and seasonality of fishing are some of the mitigations.
The Intrinsic Role of the Fusion Mode and Electron‐Deficient Core in Fused‐Ring Electron Acceptors for Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Guo Yuan , Han Guangchao , Yi Yuanping
Published: May 2022

The A‐DA′D‐A fused‐ring electron acceptors with an angular fusion mode and electron‐deficient core has significantly boosted organic photovoltaic efficiency. Here, the intrinsic role of the peculiar structure is revealed by comparing representative A‐DA′D‐A acceptor Y6 with its A‐D‐A counterparts having different fusion modes. Owing to the more delocalized HOMO and deeper LUMO level, Y6 exhibits stronger and red‐shifted absorption relative to the linear and angular fused A‐D‐A acceptors, respectively. Moreover, the change from linear to angular fusion substantially reduces the electron‐vibration couplings, which is responsible for the faster exciton diffusion, exciton dissociation, and electron transport for Y6 than the linear fused A‐D‐A acceptor. Notably, the electron‐vibration coupling for exciton dissociation is further decreased by introducing the electron‐deficient core, thus contributing to the efficient charge generation under low driving forces in the Y6‐based devices.
Site‐Selective Functionalization of Sila‐Adamantane and Its Ensuing Optical Effects
Authors: Siu Timothy C. , Imex Aguirre Cardenas M. , Seo Jacob , Boctor Kirllos , Shimono Miku G. , Tran Isabelle T. , Carta Veronica , Su Timothy A.
Published: May 2022

The first syntheses of functionalized sila‐adamantanes via site‐selective reactions are described. Mechanistic inquiry into the isomerization of sila‐adamantane revealed new approaches for installing halides at the 2‐position of the cluster. Meanwhile, isomerization via Lewis acid catalysts with non‐nucleophilic counteranions provided access to sila‐adamantane on the gram‐scale, enabling us to discover strategies for substituting its 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 7‐positions with identical or distinct functional groups. Optical absorbance and density functional theory studies show that σ‐withdrawing substituents at the 1‐position strongly perturb optical absorbance in sila‐adamantane, whereas substituents at the exocyclic and 2‐position are optically inert. As silicon diamondoids are atomically precise models for silicon nanocrystals, our findings suggest that passivation at tertiary surface sites carries an outsized impact on the optical properties of surface‐functionalized Si nanocrystals.
Resilin is needed for wing posture in Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Lerch Steven , Yang Yang , Flaven‐Pouchon Justin , Gehring Nicole , Moussian Bernard
Published: May 2022

Resilin is a protein matrix in movable regions of the cuticle conferring resistance to fatigue. The main component of Resilin is Pro‐Rresilin that polymerises via covalent di‐ and tri‐tyrosine bounds (DT). Loss of Pro‐Resilin is nonlethal and causes a held‐down wing phenotype (hdw) in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. To test whether this mild phenotype is recurrent in other insect species, we analysed resilin in the spotted‐wing fruit fly Drosophila suzukii. As quantified by DT autofluorescence by microscopy, DT intensities in the trochanter and the wing hinge are higher in D. suzukii than in D. melanogaster, while in the proboscis the DT signal is stronger in D. melanogaster compared to D. suzukii. To study the function of Pro‐Resilin in D. suzukii, we generated a mutation in the proresilin gene applying the Crispr/Cas9 technique. D. suzukii pro‐resilin mutant flies are flight‐less and show a hdw phenotype resembling respective D. melanogaster mutants. DT signal intensity at the wing hinge is reduced but not eliminated in D. suzukii hdw flies. Either residual Pro‐Resilin accounts for the remaining DT signal or, as proposed for the hdw phenotype in D. melanogaster, other DT forming proteins might be present in Resilin matrices. Interestingly, DT signal intensity reduction rates in D. suzukii and D. melanogaster are somehow different. Taken together, in general, the function of Pro‐Resilin seems to be conserved in the Drosophila genus; small differences in DT quantity, however, allow us to hypothesise that Resilin matrices might be modulated during evolution probably to accommodate the species‐specific lifestyle.
Childhood cancer survivorship in China: An overview of the past two decades
Authors: Ji Xu , Su Jun , Liu Xinyu , Mao Ziling , Zhang Wenjing , Zhang Jinhe , Sun Xiaojie , Han Xuesong
Published: May 2022

Across countries in the world, China has the largest population of childhood cancer survivors. Research and care for the childhood cancer survivor population in China is fragmented. We searched studies published in English or Chinese language between January 1, 2000 and June 30, 2021, which examined various aspects of childhood cancer survivorship in China. The existing China‐focused studies were largely based on a single institution, convenient samplings with relatively small sample sizes, restricted geographic areas, cross‐sectional design, and focused on young survivors in their childhood or adolescence. These studies primarily focused on the physical late effects of cancer and its treatment, as well as the inferior psychological wellbeing among childhood cancer survivors, with few studies examining financial hardship, health promotion, and disease prevention, or healthcare delivery in survivorship. Our findings highlight the urgent need for research and evidence‐based survivorship care to serve the childhood cancer survivor population in China.
An Environmentally Sustainable Synthesis of Enantioenriched CF3‐Chromanol, Indanol and Tetralol Derivatives by Rh‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Molina Betancourt Ricardo , Bacheley Lucas , Karapetyan Anzhela , Guillamot Gérard , Phansavath Phannarath , Ratovelomanana‐Vidal Virginie
Published: May 2022

The Rh(III)‐catalyzed asymmetric reduction of α‐trifluoromethyl ketones through transfer hydrogenation was developed under mild conditions to access a series of enantioenriched cis‐trifluoromethyl alcohols via a dynamic kinetic resolution process. The reaction was efficiently performed in the green solvent 2‐MeTHF with HCO2H/Et3N (1 : 1) as the hydrogen source. High yields, alongside excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities were obtained for the synthesis of CF3‐chromanol, CF3‐indanol and CF3‐tetralol derivatives.
Cage‐Ligand Strategy for the Construction of Zr4(embonate)6–Based MOFs with Third‐Order Nonlinear‐Optical Properties
Authors: Teng Qian , He Yan‐Ping , Chen Guang‐Hui , Chen Shu‐Mei
Published: May 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Herein, we demonstrate a very useful strategy to construct cage‐based metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with third‐order nonlinear‐optical properties. More specifically, by employing the Zr4L6 (L = embonate) cages to assembly with N‐contained ligands and Mn2+/Zn2+ ions, four Zr4L6‐cage‐based MOFs have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Among them, a 3D framework with strong aromatic π − π stacking force exhibits a good optical limiting effect.
New persistent opioid use among adolescents and young adults with sarcoma
Authors: Beauchemin Melissa P. , Raghunathan Rohit R. , Accordino Melissa K. , Cogan Jacob C. , Kahn Justine M. , Wright Jason D. , Hershman Dawn L.
Published: May 2022

Background

Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with sarcoma experience both acute and chronic pain related to their disease and treatment. Studies in older adults have reported a high risk of persistent opioid use after cancer therapy among previously opioid‐naive patients; however, few studies have evaluated posttreatment opioid use among AYAs. This article describes patterns of new persistent opioid use among AYAs in the year after treatment for sarcoma.

Methods

Opioid‐naive patients who were 10 to 26 years old and diagnosed with sarcoma (2008‐2016) were identified with the IBM Marketscan Database. Included subjects had an International Classification of Diseases code for sarcoma (ninth or tenth revision), received anticancer therapy (chemotherapy, surgery, and/or radiation) within 30 days of the first diagnosis code, and had continuous insurance coverage (commercial or Medicaid) for more than 12 months both before the diagnosis and after the last therapy. The primary outcome was new persistent opioid use, which was defined as at least 2 opioid prescriptions in the 12 months following treatment completion. Covariates included age, sex, insurance, tumor type, surgical procedure, mental health (MH) or substance use diagnoses before or during therapy, and concomitant lorazepam use.

Results

In total, 938 patients met the inclusion criteria; 521 (56%) were male, and 578 (62%) were younger than 18 years. In total, 727 (78%) had commercial insurance, and 273 (29%) had an MH diagnosis either before or during the treatment period. Of the total group, 464 (49%) used opioids during treatment only. Of those who used opioids during treatment, 135 (23%) received at least 2 prescriptions in the year after therapy. In a multivariable analysis, Medicaid versus commercial insurance (odds ratio [OR], 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15‐2.64) and non–soft tissue sarcoma (OR for Ewing sarcoma, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.81‐5.78; OR for osteosarcoma, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.36‐3.09) conferred a higher likelihood of new persistent use.

Conclusions

In this cohort of AYAs treated for sarcoma, 64% of the patients received opioid prescriptions during treatment, and 23% of these patients became new persistent users. Because of the risks associated with persistent opioid use, studies of novel pain management strategies along with age‐appropriate education and anticipatory guidance are urgently needed.

Lay Summary

Using an insurance claims database, we conducted a study to determine the rate of new persistent opioid use among adolescents and young adults treated for sarcoma.

We found that 64% of adolescents and young adults treated for sarcoma received opioid prescriptions during treatment, and 23% of these patients met the criteria for new persistent opioid use.

These findings support the need for age‐appropriate education and novel pain management strategies in this vulnerable population.
Noble Metal‐Free Inorganic Photocatalyst Consisting of Antimony‐Doped Tin Oxide Nanorod and Titanium oxide for Two‐Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Suzuki Haruya , Yamauchi Junpei , Naya Shin‐ichi , Sugime Hisashi , Tada Hiroaki
Published: May 2022

This study reports a noble metal‐free robust inorganic photocatalyst for H2O2 synthesis via two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Antimony‐doped tin oxide nanorods were heteroepitaxially grown from rutile TiO2 seed crystals with an orientation of (001)ATO//(001)TiO2 (ATO−NR//TiO2,//denotes heteroepitaxial junction) by a hydrothermal method. UV‐light irradiation of ATO−NR//TiO2 particles stably and continuously produces H2O2 from aerated aqueous solution of ethanol. Electrochemical measurements using rotating electrodes show that Sb‐doping into SnO2 greatly enhances the electrocatalytic activity for two‐electron ORR. The striking photocatalytic activity of ATO−NR//TiO2 stems from the effective charge separation, electrocatalytic activity for two‐electron ORR, low catalytic activity for H2O2 decomposition, and extraordinary robustness.
Importance of crosstalk between the microbiota and the neuroimmune system for tissue homeostasis
Authors: Li Kunyu , Ly Kevin , Mehta Sunali , Braithwaite Antony
Published: May 2022

The principal function of inflammation is cellular defence against ‘danger signals’ such as tissue injury and pathogen infection to maintain the homeostasis of the organism. The initiation and progression of inflammation are not autonomous as there is substantial evidence that inflammation is known to be strongly influenced by ‘neuroimmune crosstalk’, involving the production and expression of soluble signalling molecules that interact with cell surface receptors. In addition, microbiota have been found to be involved in the development and function of the nervous and immune systems and play an important role in health and disease. Herein, we provide an outline of the mechanisms of neuroimmune communication in the regulation of inflammation and immune response and then provide evidence for the involvement of microbiota in the development and functions of the host nervous and immune systems. It appears that the nervous and immune systems in multicellular organisms have co‐evolved with the microbiota, such that all components are in communication to maximise the ability of the organism to adapt to a wide range of environmental stresses to maintain or restore tissue homeostasis.
Short‐term effects of dapagliflozin on maximal functional capacity in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (DAPA‐VO2): a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Palau Patricia , Amiguet Martina , Domínguez Eloy , Sastre Clara , Mollar Anna , Seller Julia , Garcia Pinilla Jose Manuel , Larumbe Ainoha , Valle Alfonso , Gómez Doblas Juan Jose , de la Espriella Rafael , Miñana Gema , Mezcua Ainhoa Robles , Santas Enrique , Bodí Vicent , Sanchis Juan , Pascual‐Figal Domingo , Górriz Jose Luis , Baýes‐Genís Antonio , Núñez Julio ,   the DAPA‐VO Investigators (see Appendix)
Published: May 2022

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dapagliflozin on 1 and 3‐month maximal functional capacity in patients with stable heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods and results

In this multicentre, randomized, double‐blind clinical trial, 90 stable patients with HFrEF were randomly assigned to receive either dapagliflozin (n = 45) or placebo (n = 45). The primary outcome was a change in peak oxygen consumption (peakVO2) at 1 and 3 months. Secondary endpoints were changes at 1 and 3 months in 6‐min walk test (6MWT) distance, quality of life (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire [MLHFQ]), and echocardiographic parameters (diastolic function, left chamber volumes, and left ventricular ejection fraction). We used linear mixed regression analysis to compare endpoint changes. Estimates were adjusted for multiple comparisons. The mean age was 67.1 ± 10.7 years, 69 (76.7%) were men, 29 (32.2%) had type 2 diabetes, and 80 (88.9%) were in New York Heart Association class II. Baseline means of peakVO2, 6MWT and MLHFQ were 13.2 ± 3.5 ml/kg/min, 363 ± 110 m, and 23.1 ± 16.2, respectively. The median (25th–75th percentile) of N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide was 1221 pg/ml (889–2100). Most patients were on treatment with sacubitril/valsartan (88.9%), beta‐blockers (91.1%), and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (74.4%). PeakVO2 significantly increased in patients on treatment with dapagliflozin (1 month: +Δ 1.09 ml/kg/min, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14–2.04; p = 0.021, and 3 months: +Δ 1.06 ml/kg/min, 95% CI 0.07–2.04; p = 0.032). Similar positive findings were found when evaluating changes from baseline. No significant differences were observed in secondary endpoints.

Conclusions

Among patients with stable HFrEF, dapagliflozin resulted in a significant improvement in peakVO2 at 1 and 3 months.

Clinical Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04197635.
Sex and central obesity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Sorimachi Hidemi , Omote Kazunori , Omar Massar , Popovic Dejana , Verbrugge Frederik H. , Reddy Yogesh N.V. , Lin Grace , Obokata Masaru , Miles John M. , Jensen Michael D. , Borlaug Barry A.
Published: May 2022

Aims

Obesity is a risk factor for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), particularly in women, but the mechanisms remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of central adiposity in patients with HFpEF and explore potential sex differences.

Methods and results

A total of 124 women and 105 men with HFpEF underwent invasive haemodynamic exercise testing and rest echocardiography. Central obesity was defined as a waist circumference (WC) ≥88 cm for women and ≥102 cm for men. Exercise‐normalized pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) responses were evaluated by the ratio of PCWP to workload (PCWP/W) and after normalizing to body weight (PCWL). The prevalence of central obesity (77%) exceeded that of general obesity (62%) defined by body mass index ≥30 kg/m2. Compared to patients without central adiposity, patients with HFpEF and central obesity displayed greater prevalence of diabetes and dyslipidaemia, higher right and left heart filling pressures and pulmonary artery pressures during exertion, and more severely reduced aerobic capacity. Associations between WC and fasting glucose, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, peak workload, and pulmonary artery pressures were observed in women but not in men with HFpEF. Although increased WC was associated with elevated PCWP in both sexes, the association with PCWP/W was observed in women but not in men. The strength of correlation between PCWP/W and WC was more robust in women with HFpEF as compared to men (Meng's test p = 0.0008), and a significant sex interaction was observed in the relationship between PCWL and WC (p for interaction = 0.02).

Conclusions

Central obesity is even more common than general obesity in HFpEF, and there appear to be important sexual dimorphisms in its relationships with metabolic abnormalities and haemodynamic perturbations, with greater impact in women.
Amidinato Isopropylmethylamidosilylene‐Catalyzed Hydroboration of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Lee Jiawen , Fan Jun , Koh An‐Ping , Joslyn Cheang Wan‐Jun , Yang Ming‐Chung , Su Ming‐Der , So Cheuk‐Wai
Published: May 2022

This study describes the use of an amidinato isopropylmethylamidosilylene [LSiN(Me)iPr] (1, L=PhC(NtBu)2) to catalyze hydroboration of carbonyl compounds. Compound 1 (loading: 5–10 mol%) was shown to be an efficient catalyst for the chemoselective hydroboration of aldehydes (average yield=97 %, average TOF=8.8 h−1) and ketones (average yield=97 %, average TOF=1.7 h−1) with pinacolborane (HBpin) in C6D6 at 90 °C to form borate esters. Mechanistic studies show that the Si lone pair electrons on 1 and the B vacant p orbital of HBpin activates the C=O double bond of aldehydes and ketones, the intermediates of which undergoes hydroboration to yield borate esters and regenerate compound 1.
A Cu Nanoparticles‐Assisted‐Catalysis Method Enables Controllably Direct Growth of Graphene Transparent Conductive Films on SiO2 Nanospheres Antireflection Layer
Authors: Yin Wanying , Huang Yue , Lu Meng , Li Dezeng
Published: May 2022

The regulation of catalyst distribution is crucial to enhance transmittance of graphene transparent conductive films (TCFs) maintaining their high electrical properties in the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. We successfully regulated the distribution of Cu nanoparticles (NPs) and realized the controllable deposition of graphene on the insulating substrates coated with SiO2 nanospheres antireflection (SiO2 NSs AR). The graphene/SiO2 NSs AR composite TCFs prepared with optimized conditions have transmittance of 95.86 % and sheet resistance of 0.934 kΩ ⋅ sq−1. Compared with graphene TCFs with a whole coated distribution of Cu NPs, the optical properties of graphene/SiO2 NSs AR composite TCFs were significantly improved. Meanwhile, it can maintain a comparable or even lower sheet resistance. This method is easier‐operational, low‐cost and lays a foundation for preparing high‐quality graphene TCFs for future electronic devices.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Heteroannulations of 3‐Sulfolene Derivatives through C(sp2)−H Activation: Access to Pyridine ortho‐Quinodimethane Precursors
Authors: Saiegh Tomas J. , Meyer Christophe , Cossy Janine
Published: May 2022

Hydroxamates derived from 3‐sulfolene‐3‐carboxylic acid can be involved in intra‐ and intermolecular rhodium(III)‐catalyzed heteroannulations with alkynes proceeding through C(sp2)−H bond activation. These transformations allow for a straightforward access to diversely substituted pyridones, and to pyridines fused to a sulfolene ring after functional group transformations. Subsequent cheletropic elimination of sulfur dioxide can be achieved under microwave irradiation to generate pyridine ortho‐quinodimethanes. These results demonstrate that the scope of rhodium(III)‐catalyzed C(sp2)−H functionalizations can be extended to sulfolenes, a yet unexplored class of alkenes in these latter transformations, thereby affording access to valuable classes of heterocyclic products.
Indicators for identification of lacustrine sandstones of sandy debris‐flow origin: A case study of Es1 Member, Palaeogene Shahejie Formation, Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China
Authors: Zhang Jingjun , Salad Hersi Osman , Shi Shangming , Cao Yanfang , Sun Jiayue
Published: May 2022

The first member of Shahejie Formation of Eocene–Early Oligocene (Es1, Nanpu Sag) consists of fluvio‐deltaic to deep lacustrine shale‐sandstone accumulations, and the deep lacustrine deposits include sandy debris flow (SDF), turbiditic and mudrock facies. In the process of hydrocarbon exploration, it was found that that SDF sandstones in the deep lacustrine deposits can constitute excellent hydrocarbon reservoirs. Therefore, the identification of these lithofacies, especially SDF sandstones, is crucial for hydrocarbon exploration. We document here parameters that discriminate lacustrine SDF sandstones from turbiditic and mudrock deposits. Data from cores, wireline logs, and seismic sections are integrated and interpreted. Core‐based identification indicators of the SDF sandstones include massive structures with upper and lower sharp contacts with interbedded mudrocks, lateral pinch‐outs, locally imbricated to floating pebble‐size grains, and elongated (teared) mudrock clasts within the middle and upper parts of normally‐ or inversely‐grading sandstone and poor to high matrix content. These properties are attributed to deposition of non‐Newtonian flows with sediment‐support mechanism of dispersive pressure, matrix strength and buoyancy, sediment‐transportation mechanism, and sediment‐settling properties (hindered settling and freezing of the SDF). Log‐facies identification indicators of the SDF sandstones are characterized by higher RLLD/RLLS values (40–80 Ω m), higher SP values (35–70 mV), lower Gamma ray (GR) values (70–120 API), and strongly serrated curve motifs. Seismic facies identification indicators of the SDF sandstones have mound‐like, lenticular, or wedge‐shaped external geometries, and interior worm‐like and fusiform chaotic reflections with medium to strong amplitude, medium to high frequency, and medium to low continuity. The results and interpretation of the integrated core‐log‐seismic data as identification indicators are useful tools for identifying SDF sandstones and effectively distinguishing them from other deep lacustrine deposits.
Equity and balance in applied dementia research: A charter of conduct and checklist for global collaborations
Authors: Leroi Iracema , Karanja Wambui , Adrion Emily R. , Alladi Suvarna , Custodio Nilton , Goswami S. P. , Guerchet Maëlenn , Gubner Jennie , Ibanez Agustin , Ilinica Stefania , Jafri Hussain , Lawlor Brian , Mohamed Aya Ashour , Ogunniyi Adesola , Robertson Ian , Robinson Louise , Spector Aimee , Varghese Mathew , Weidner Wendy , Caramelli Paulo ,   Dementia Charter of Conduct Global Expert Reference Group
Published: May 2022

Key points

Equity and balance in international partnerships between high‐ and low‐and‐middle income countries for applied dementia research may guard against research imperialism.

International partnerships should be transparent, fair, inclusive, sustainable and involve bidirectional learning.

International partnerships should include capacity and capability building for dementia research.

International partnerships should include key stakeholders across the dementia community including people with lived experience, care partners, and civic society.