bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of elastic properties of 3D-printed parts using the finite element method
Authors: Rubashevsky Viktor , Shukayev Sergiy
Published: December 2023

This research paper presents a comparative analysis of the elastic properties of 3D-printed parts made from polymer composite materials using PLA plastic. The analysis was conducted using both the finite element method and experimental measurements. Specifically, PLA-Cg+ and PLA-CCF samples were printed with varying printing parameters, such as raster angle and print layer thickness. The study demonstrates that the employed numerical calculation algorithm provides sufficiently accurate assessment of the elastic characteristics of materials across different combinations of the investigated parameters. Moreover, the analysis of the results reveals that the accuracy of the calculations is significantly influenced by the microstructure, which is determined by the size and shape of the pores that form during the printing process.
Using of the chemography method for assessing the homogenizati on of graphene nanotubes in the aqueous environment
Authors: Salenko Oleksandr , Wuqing Zhu , Derevyanko Ihor , Romenska Olga , Orel Vadum
Published: December 2023

The problem of effective homogenization of graphene nanotubes in an aqueous environment is considered. Usually, the high activity of nanotubes leads to the formation of various conglomerates in the solution, and with further application of the aqueous solution, such conglomerates can be transferred to the composite materials being created. Currently, there are no effective fast control tools, and therefore in engineering practice, various fairly complex methods that require specific equipment are often used. Chemography as a method of recording oxidative reactions with ultra-low concentrations of active substances can be successfully used as a means of quick and effective control of the homogeneity of graphene solutions (mainly water-based). Recommendations for the application of the method are given, models are proposed for determining the dispersion of the expected concentration on the controlled surface. A conclusion is made regarding the expediency of monitoring the state and activity of graphene nanotubes.
Limitation of stress state integral measures in problems of topology optimization
Authors: Kryshtal Volodymyr , Yanchevskyi Ihor
Published: December 2023

Topology optimization (TO) is a computational method of determining material distribution in a known design area to create the optimal shape of a part with known boundary conditions. In the classical statement of TO, the minimization of the part’s flexibility with restrictions on the volume (mass) of the optimization result are chosen as criterions for finding the specified distribution. The statement, which involves minimizing the volume of the part taking into account the condition of its strength, is closer to technical application. Integral measures of the stress state have a number of advantages over the traditional control of the maximum value of mechanical stress. In this report, aggregate functions for mechanical stresses, which have received the most distribution in modern research on TO taking into account the strength of the optimized part, are given. The specialization of technical application of the given functions is briefly analyzed.
From passion to profession: Career journey influences on Arts, English and Language students
Authors: Lennox Emma
Published: December 2023

This study examines career decision making journeys and expectations of undergraduate Arts, English and Language students, and potential benefits of appropriate interventions to support graduate outcomes. Employing a mainly social constructivist theoretical framework, objectives included gaining an understanding of student perceptions of their own employability, meaningful employment and perceived barriers to graduate progression. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted with final year students, and through thematic analysis results revealed students’ passion for their subject and the desire to use their skillset in paid employment. Significantly, embedding a work placement option removed the barrier of limited time and increased workplace confidence.
Teachers in Danish upper secondary education’s conceptualisation of career learning: A Koselleck inspired study
Authors: Felby Laura Cordes , Skovhus Randi Boelskifte
Published: December 2023

This study explores the translation and negotiation of career learning as a newly introduced concept in the context of academic Danish upper secondary education, shedding light on teachers’ understanding of the concept and its connection to their teaching practice. In the study, we draw on observations and interviews with ten teachers. Using Koselleck’s asymmetric counter concepts, the analysis  shows that the negotiation of meaning is complex, and full of internal and external paradoxes. Last, the study argues that in practice, there is goodwill and a desire to occupy the concept by the teachers when it can be linked to meaningful teaching practice.
Surgical Corner of the Mouth Lift – Case Study
Authors: Komisarek Oskar , Kwiatkowski Jacek , Matthews-Brzozowski Artur
Published: December 2023

A smile is an expression of joy and sympathy, serving as a vital element of social communication. The process of aging has a notable impact on both skin elasticity and muscle tone, which consequently results in alterations in the appearance of the corners of the mouth and the overall smile. Notably, the emergence of 'marionette lines,' vertical wrinkles extending from the mouth's corners to the base of the chin, signifies a visible manifestation of the aging process. These changes exert influence on both aesthetic aspects and personal hygiene, potentially leading to the development of inflammatory conditions.This article presents a case study focusing on a female patient who underwent surgical correction of the mouth's corners due to recurrent angular cheilitis. The patient presented with ptotic mouth corners, excessive salivation, and erythema at the angles of the mouth, often accompanied by painful discomfort during exacerbations of the inflammatory condition. The treatment method applied in this specific case involved the utilization of the triangular technique. Subsequent to the surgical procedure, the patient expressed satisfaction with the outcome, and her mouth corners remained free from inflammatory episodes for a duration of two years.
Rethinking Energy Conservation and Generation for Sustainable Solutions-An Innovative Energy Circuitry Approach
Authors: Kimuya Alex Mwololo
Published: December 2023

This paper presents an innovative energy circuit that challenges traditional notions of energy conservation, introducing a paradigm shift in classical settings. The quest to generate more energy in such settings has profound implications including, offering solutions to the global energy crisis, reducing environmental impact, and fostering scientific exploration. While addressing existing approaches that are hampered by misconceptions rooted in philosophical and scientific limitations, the paper contests the idea that something can be created from nothing, defying fundamental philosophical principles, and questions the reliance on perpetual motion machines as perfect models for impossibility. The paper introduces a unique circuit, originating from an anomalous electrical short circuit, that subverts traditional energy conservation laws. This energy circuit demonstrates merits that extend beyond traditional scientific boundaries, with applications ranging from enhancing electric vehicles with self-recharging capabilities to supporting microgrid development, efficiently incorporating renewable energy, and addressing the global energy crisis. Effectively, the paper introduces a novel perspective, prompting a philosophical discourse on the dynamic nature of scientific inquiry. The energy circuit design aims to offer solutions to the global energy crisis by reducing dependence on finite resources, positioning it as a transformative technology for sustainable energy solutions. The paper concludes by demonstrating the circuit’s potential to transform energy systems and contribute to a more sustainable and resilient future
Generation of small complexity classes using logical formulas, schemes and operations of bounded concatenation
Authors: Savitskii Igor Vladimirovich , Marchenkov Sergey Seraphimovich
Published: December 2023

The FO and FOM classes are small classes of recursive functions that characterize parallel computing with constant running time and a polynomial number of processors. The article provides an overview of the results describing the basic properties of the FO and FOM classes. Various ways of defining these classes and proving the equivalence of these definitions are given. The position of FO and FOM in the hierarchy of complexity classes is characterized. The results on the affiliation of various functions to the FO and FOM classes are presented. Superposition bases in the FO and FOM classes are described and a complete proof of the result on the superposition basis in the FOM class, consisting only of simple, mainly arithmetic functions, is given.
Experimental Development of Fins for Underwater Robots
Authors: Yunanto Bagus , Takesue Naoyuki
Published: December 2023

In recent years, underwater robotics has become very important because it can be applied to various fields such as underwater exploration, underwater inspection, marine industry, and environmental monitoring. Fin plays an essential role in the movement of underwater robots, providing operation, control, and efficient propulsion. This research aims to design and develop a unique robotic fin for underwater robots to improve their handling and propulsion efficiency. The goal is to improve the power density and propulsion efficiency of underwater survey robots. The study is based on a comprehensive analysis of experience and a performance evaluation. Five types of tail fin models were used in the study. The experimental results showed that the performance of the fin design can be compared with existing configurations under different conditions. The best design parameters will be determined by analyzing the experimental results. The results of this study will contribute to underwater robotics by providing a concept of the principles of fin design and its impact on the performance of robotics.
Agricultural land succession rules in the Visegrád countries and the relevant case-law of national constitutional courts
Authors: Szinek Csütörtöki Hajnalka
Published: December 2023

This study aims to review and compare the agricultural land succession rules in four countries of the Central European region, namely Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Hungary (the Visegrád countries), using a comparative method. The results show that, in the case of Slovakia and the Czech Republic, there are no specific rules on the inheritance of agricultural land; the general succession rules of civil law shall be applied. The same is true in Poland, where there are no specific regulations that differentiate the inheritance of agricultural property or farms from other types of property. However, some specific rules can be found in the Act of April 11, 2003, on the Shaping of the Agricultural System. On the contrary, in the case of acquiring ownership of agricultural land by inheritance, in addition to acquiring it by testamentary disposition, the Hungarian legislator introduced several special rules for acquiring it by intestate succession. Furthermore, in connection with the research topic, the inheritance tax issues, and the relevant case-law of the national constitutional courts are examined in detail.
Constitutional legal protection of ecological values in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Vučković Jelena
Published: December 2023

The constitutional legal protection of ecological values in the Republic of Serbia is regulated through a complex and multi-layered protection of the right to a healthy environment. It is first seen in the constitutional guarantees and declarative emphasis on the developed ecological values and the principles that have been translated into constitutional human rights. The practice of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Serbia with respect to environmental protection is modest for the educational constitutional formulation that reduces ecological values to an abstract and general right to a healthy environment that cannot be adequately protected.
Constitutional protections of property and energy-efficient housing in Croatia
Authors: Josipović Tatjana , Ernst Hano
Published: December 2023

The aim of this article is to present the energy-efficiency building requirements in general and their relationship with the constitutional protections of property afforded by the Croatian Constitution and the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR), and the reconstructions and energy-efficiency retrofitting of existing buildings and the relationship between these measures and the constitutional protections of property.
Croatian land acquisition rules after the expiry of the EU moratorium
Authors: Josipović Tatjana
Published: December 2023

The aim of this article is to present the harmonization of the Republic of Croatia in connection with its land acquisition rules. This paper presents the gradual adjustment of Croatian land acquisition rules to EU laws and the final results of the process upon the expiry of the EU moratorium on the acquisition of agricultural land. The paper aims to analyse how the accession to the EU has impacted the development of Croatian land acquisition rules, the development of legal transactions of real property, and the entire economic development of the country.
Cityscapes Transformed: Immersive Exploration at the Intersection of Culture, Computation, and Curatorial Practices
Authors: Neri Iacopo , Negueruela del Castillo Darío , Ballesteros Zapata Pepe , Bernasconi Valentine , Schaerf Ludovica
Published: December 2023

Designing a novel approach to existing art collections requires a shift in perspective. Computational approaches allow for an agnostic approach to cultural assets—akin to distant reading—,affording a capacity for embracing estrangement as a fertile design strategy. This paper investigates the potential convergence of these fields through the lens of machine curation and audience engagement, specifically examining the influence of contemporary machine learning models on curatorial methodologies. This investigation takes the form of a project conceived for the 2023 Helsinki Art Biennial and as a collaboration between the Centre for Digital Visual Studies (MPG, University of Zurich) and the media artist Yehwan Song, aptly titled Newly Formed City. Exploring the art collection of the Helsinki Art Museum (HAM), we seek to reinterpret the cityscape of Helsinki through a machine-oriented perspective. Utilising visual-textual models, we relocate unexhibited artworks to public locations, where, through the creation of context-based computer generated 360-degree panoramas, artworks are placed. Consequently, the outdoor sites are changed by the presence of the artworks, creating a new speculative geography where the city and its art collection are visually fused together. Interaction is achieved through a web interface, offering visitors the opportunity to move through an alternative version of the city and interact with its cultural heritage on a large scale, exploring the capacities for creativity located at the crossroads of a reflective exchange between vicinity and ignorance, machinic analytical prowess, and the uncanny and the unexpected.
AI? Predictive Media. Art
Authors: Almási Zsolt
Published: December 2023

In this paper, I shall explore the relationship between predictive text2image technology and art. To do this, I shall navigate the discursive landscape that facilitates the consideration of this cultural phenomenon within a rational framework. This is necessary because public discourse is mostly dominated by unrealistic expectations resulting from identifying this technology as “Artificial Intelligence.” The theoretical frame is posthumanism, which affords us the necessary intellectual tools to scrutinise the genesis of what Manovich calls “predictive media.” Equipped with the appropriate terminology, I will explore the process of the creation of images with a special focus on prompt engineering and curation to showcase the collaborative effort of the artist and the application. Furthermore, I shall refer to the competitions (Sony, Főfotó) wherein this technology plays a consequential role, to traditional art forms that share some crucial features with this technology, and some concerns related to predictive media will be raised. Through this analysis, I argue that contrary to early responses, predictive media applications bear the hallmark of art, and their creators rightfully merit the designation of artists.
Defects in high‑pressure die casting and measures to prevent gas defects
Authors: Chechukha V. I. , Sadokha M. A.
Published: December 2023

The formation of defects in the manufacturing of castings is influenced by numerous factors. These factors can affect the quality both individually and in combination. This article provides a characterization of the defects encountered in high‑pressure die casting and identifies the factors influencing their formation. Effective measures are examined to reduce casting defects, which are recommended for obtaining critical and highly demanding castings with stringent surface requirements after mechanical processing.

The use of automated high‑pressure die casting complexes in production has a positive impact on the quality of castings, eliminating many of the potential causes of defects related to human factors.
A modern foundry is a prototype of energy–efficient, environmentally neutral production of the future
Authors: Rovin S. L.
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the tasks of the development of foundry production at the present stage, the issues of its energy efficiency, material consumption and environmental friendliness. It is shown that advanced achievements in the field of foundry technologies, purification of dust and gas emissions, recycling of secondary energy resources (SER), recycling of metals, regeneration of materials, processing and use of man‑made waste, allow us to talk about a modern foundry as a model of energy‑efficient, environmentally neutral production of the future.
Protecting the non-operative lobe/s of the operative lung can reduce the pneumonia incidence after thoracoscopic lobectomy: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhou Chao , Song Shan , Fu Jianfeng , Zhao Xuelian , Liu Huaqin , Pei Huanshuang , Zhang Shasha , Guo Hongbo , Cui Xinxin
Published: December 2023

Background
Lung isolation usually refers to the isolation of the operative from the non-operative lung without isolating the non-operative lobe(s) of the operative lung. We aimed to evaluate whether protecting the non-operative lobe of the operative lung using a double-bronchial blocker (DBB) with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) could reduce the incidence of postoperative pneumonia.
Methods
Eighty patients were randomly divided into two groups (n = 40 each): the DBB with CPAP (Group DBB) and routine bronchial blocker (Group BB) groups. In Group DBB, a 7-Fr BB was placed in the middle bronchus of the right lung for right lung surgery and in the inferior lobar bronchus of the left lung for left lung surgery. Further, a 9-Fr BB was placed in the main bronchus of the operative lung. In Group BB, routine BB placement was performed on the main bronchus on the surgical side. The primary endpoint was the postoperative pneumonia incidence.
Results
Compared with Group BB, Group DBB had a significantly lower postoperative pneumonia incidence in the operative (27.5% vs. 5%, P = 0.013) and non-operative lung (40% vs. 15%) on postoperative day 1.
Conclusions
Compared with routine BB use for thoracoscopic lobectomy, using the DBB technique to isolate the operative lobe from the non-operative lobe(s) of the operative lung and providing CPAP to the non-operative lobe(s) through a BB can reduce the incidence of postoperative pneumonia in the operative and non-operative lungs.
Clinical trial registration
: ChiCTR2100052086 (the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry).
Multitrophic effects: A tale of microbiome shifts in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis and its parasitoids
Authors: Gwokyalya Rehemah , Herren Jeremy K. , Weldon Christopher W. , Ndlela Shepard , Gichuhi Joseph , Ongeso Nehemiah , Wairimu Anne W. , Ekesi Sunday , Mohamed Samira A.
Published: December 2023

Background
Koinobiont endoparasitoids regulate the physiological functioning of their hosts through altering metabolism and immune responses, processes which function in tandem to shape the structure and composition of the microbial communities of these hosts. Here we investigated the hypothesis that parasitisation by the virulent Diachasmimorpha longicaudata and the avirulent Pystallia cosyrae induce gut dysbiosis and differentially alter the gut microbial communities of an important horticultural pest, the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. Consequently, we employed 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing to investigate the effect of parasitisation on the bacterial and fungal communities of B. dorsalis, respectively. We further investigated the bacterial communities of D. longicaudata and P. cosyrae using 16S rRNA sequencing.
Results
Exposure to both parasitoids induced perturbations in the microbial communities of B. dorsalis. The gut bacteriome of B. dorsalis larvae shifted from an Anoxybacillus, Acetobacter and Acinetobacter dominated community to one dominated by the generaMorganella, Stenotrophomonas, Weissella and Pantoea. These effects were especially more pronounced in the D. longicaudata-parasitised larvae compared to those parasitized by P. cosyrae. The diversity and abundance of the fungal community was negatively influenced by parasitisation with an overall reduction in fungi diversity, richness, and evenness. We found an increase in the abundance of Sacchromyces species in larvae parasitized by both wasps compared to the unparasitised controls. On the other hand, the bacterial communities of both parasitoids were less diverse. Arsenophonus nasoniaewas the dominant bacterium in P. cosyrae whereas Paucibacter and Pseudomonas species dominated the bacteriome of D. longicaudata.
Conclusion
This study presents the first report of the microbial communities of D. longicaudata and P. cosyrae as well as parasitism-induced gut perturbations in B. dorsalis, revealing host gut homeostasis as a possible driver of parasitoid virulence in this invasive pest.
A strategic European roadmap for the effective implementation of the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework in steppe ecosystems
Authors: Perez-Granados Cristian , Benítez-López Ana , Diaz Mario , Gameiro João , Lenzner Bernd , Roura-Pascual Nùria , Marques Ana , Gómez-Catasús Julia , Tarjuelo Rocio , Barrero Adrián , Bolonio Luis , Bota Gerard , Brambilla Mattia , Bravo Carolina , Brotons Lluís , Rosa Daniel Bustillo-de la , Cabodevilla Xavier , Búrdalo Antonio , Carricondo Ana , Casas Fabián , Concepción Elena , Constán-Nava Soraya , Crispim-Mendes Tiago , Giralt David , Golivets Marina , Latombe Guillaume , Leiva Antonio , López-Iborra Germán , López-Poveda Gabriel , Mañosa Santi , Martín Carlos , Morales Manuel B. , Moreira Francisco , Mougeot François , Nikolov Boris , Olea Pedro , Onrubia Alejandro , Reverter Margarita , Revilla-Martín Natalia , Rigsl Stanislas , Ruiz Gema , Sáez-Gómez Pedro , Šálek Martin , Salgado Iván , Santangeli Andrea , Santos Carlos , Sanz-Pérez Ana , Serrano David , Silva Joao , Torrijo Antonio , Traba Juan , Tryjanowski Piotr , Václav Radovan , Valera Francisco , Vögeli Matthias , Zurdo Julia
Published: December 2023

The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF) envisions a world living in harmony with nature by 2050, with 23 intermediate targets to be achieved by 2030. However, aligning international policy and local implementation of effective actions can be challenging. Using steppe birds, one of the most threatened vertebrate groups in Europe, as a model system, we identified 36 conservation actions for the achievement of the KM-GBF targets and single out – through an expert-based consensus approach – ten priority actions for immediate implementation. Three of these priority actions address at least five of the first eight KM-GBF targets, those related to the direct causes of biodiversity loss, and collectively cover all the targets when implemented concurrently. These actions include i) effectively protecting priority areas, ii) implementing on-the-ground habitat management actions, and iii) improving the quality and integration of monitoring programs. Our findings provide a blueprint for implementing effective strategies to halt biodiversity loss in steppe-like ecosystems. Our approach can be adapted to other taxonomic groups and ecosystems and has the potential to serve as a catalyst for policy makers, prompting a transition from political commitment to tangible actions, thereby facilitating the attainment of the KM-GBF targets by 2030.
22q11.2 Deletion-Associated Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Potentiates Systemic Capillary Leak Syndrome Neurologic Features
Authors: Crockett Alexis , Kebir Hania , Anderson Stewart , Romberg Neil , Alvarez Jorge
Published: December 2023

We present a case study of a young male with a history of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22qDS), diagnosed with systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) who presented with acute onset of diffuse anasarca and sub-comatose obtundation. We hypothesized that his co-presentation of neurological sequelae might be due to blood-brain barrier (BBB) susceptibility conferred by the 22q11.2 deletion, a phenotype that we have previously identified in 22qDS. Using pre- and post-intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) patient serum, we studied circulating biomarkers of inflammation and assessed the potential susceptibility of the 22qDS BBB. We employed in vitro cultures of differentiated BBB-like endothelial cells derived from a 22qDS patient and a healthy control. We found evidence of peripheral inflammation and increased serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alongside endothelial cells in circulation. We report that the patient’s serum significantly impairs barrier function of the 22qDS BBB compared to control. Only two other cases of pediatric SCLS with neurologic symptoms have been reported, and genetic risk factors have been suggested in both instances. As the third case to be reported, our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that genetic susceptibility of the BBB conferred by the 22q11.2 deletion promoted neurologic involvement during SCLS in this patient.
Consensus Statement on Standards for Neurocritical Care Units in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs).
Authors: Shrestha Gentle S , Prabhakar Hemanshu , Mahajan Charu , Kapoor Indu , Livesay Sarah L , Rajajee Venkatkrishna , Zirpe Kapil , Videtta Walter , Hossain Susmita , Sampaio Gisele , Rubiano Andres , Rahim Mohamed Samy Abdel , Pina Yanet , Wanchoo Jaya , Shukla Urvi , Tripathy Swagata , Singhal Vasudha , Margaretha Ruth Evlin , Tsan Samuel , Yimer Fasika Tesfaneh , Lamsal Ritesh , Salisu-Kabara Halima , Pinedo Juan Luis , Soliven Jo Ann R , Popugaev Konstantin , Padayachy Llewellyn C , Shanmugam Puvanendiran , Viarasilpa Tanuwong , Arun Oguzhan , Bui Tuan Van
Published: December 2023

The disease burden of severe neurological and neurosurgical illnesses in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) is high. Management of these patients by a dedicated neurocritical care team can improve outcome. Globally, there is significant variation in organization, structure, and outcome of patients with neurocritical illnesses. This consensus statement aims to contextualize the standards for neurological critical care units (NCCUs) in LMICs. Recommendations were made about organization and infrastructure, personnel, logistics, training, education, and process for developing neurocritical care program appropriate for LMICs.
Methods: The steering committee for the consensus statement was formed under the leadership of SNCC. With permission from NCS and the NCS guidelines committee, the previously published standards for NCCUs by NCS was used for a web-based survey. The Delphi method was used to gather consensus. A total of 30 experts from 21 regions, all from LMICs, participated in the survey. Feedback was formally collated, reviewed, and incorporated into the final document.
Nanoporous amorphous carbon nanopillars with lightweight, near-theoretical strength, large fracture strain, and high damping capability
Authors: Lee Seok-Woo , Li Zhongyuan , Bhardwaj Ayush , He Jinlong , Zhang Wenxin , Tran Thomas , Li Ying , McClung Andrew , Nuguri Sravya , Watkins James
Published: December 2023

Simultaneous achievement of lightweight, high strength, large fracture strain, and high damping capability has been challenging because some of these mechanical properties are mutually exclusive. Here, we have utilized self-assembled polymeric carbon precursor materials in combination with scalable nanoimprinting lithography to produce nanoporous carbon nanopillars. The produced amorphous carbon nanopillars exhibited ultrahigh strength similar to or even higher than one tenth of their Young's modulus (E), the most widely used approximation of a fundamental upper limit of material breaking strength. Remarkably, nanoporosity induced via sacrificial template significantly reduced the mass density of amorphous carbon to 0.66~0.82g/cm3 while the strength of E/10 is still maintained. Moreover, these nanopillars displayed both elastic and plastic behavior with large fracture strain. A reversible part of the sp2-to-sp3 transition produces large elastic strain and a high loss factor (up to 0.033) comparable to Ni-Ti shape memory alloys. The irreversible part of the sp2-to-sp3 transition enables plastic deformation, leading to a large fracture strain of up to 35%. These findings have been substantiated using simulation studies. None of the existing structural materials exhibit a comparable combination of density, strength, deformability, and damping capability. Hence, the results of this study illustrate the potential of both dense and nanoporous amorphous carbon materials as superior structural nanomaterials.
A relational approach to co-create Advance Care Planning with and for people living with dementia: a narrative study
Authors: Phenwan Tharin , Sixsmith Judith , McSwiggan Linda
Published: December 2023

Background
Discussing Advance Care Planning (ACP) with people living with dementia (PwD) is challenging due to topic sensitivity, fluctuating mental capacity and symptom of forgetfulness. Given communication difficulties, the preferences and expectations expressed in any ACP may reflect family and healthcare professional perspectives rather than the PwD. Starting discussions early in the disease trajectory may avoid this, but many PwD may not be ready at this point for such discussions. Consequently, the optimal timing to discuss an ACP with and for PwD is undetermined. This study explored the changing needs of PwD and experiences of social contexts that influence ACP initiation and revision and aimed to identify the optimal time to discuss an ACP with PwD
Methods
Narrative online and telephone interviews were conducted with 13 PwD and 23 family carers. Participants were recruited via the Join Dementia Research (JDR) Platform. Narrative analysis was used to identify patterns in the data, generating three narratives: Shifting Expectations; Relational Interdependency and Trigger Points.
Results
The Shifting Expectations narrative indicated that PwD’s needs shifted to co-constructed needs with their family as PwD’s independence declined. This was reflected in the Relational interdependency narrative where PwD almost always co-created and revised their ACPs with trusted key persons who provided relational support. The Trigger points narrative indicated various points in time when PwD can effectively initiate and revise their ACPs, ranging from before the diagnosis to years afterwards, challenging the current suggestion of an early ACP initiation.
Conclusions
This study highlighted the changing co-constructed needs between PwD and their families that influence how PwD initiate and revise their ACP. The identification of ACP trigger points - the pivotal events throughout the dementia journey - that prompt PwD and family members to initiate or revise their ACPs were suggested, indicating that PwD can initiate and revise their ACPs throughout the disease trajectory provided relational support is available whereby key persons involved in their care are involved and agree with the decisions being made. Therefore, an alternative, relational approach to ACP with and for PwD is recommended.
Chirality Hierarchical Transfer in Homochiral Polymer Crystallization Under High-pressure CO2
Authors: Zhao Guoqun , Zhang Lei
Published: December 2023

Ordered phase transitions are commonly correlated to the phenomenon of symmetry breaking, while disordered phase transitions are characterized by symmetry restoration. Nevertheless, this study demonstrates that the correlation between these factors is not always applicable in chiral polymers subjected to high-pressure CO2. In the absence of racemization, homochiral Poly(lactide acid) exhibits the formation of two dendritic crystals with opposite spiral chirality, resembling vortex shapes, as well as achiral crystals that resemble snowflakes. The transition from homochirality to achirality signifies the chiral symmetry restoration during the ordering process. The primary elements responsible for the hierarchical transfer of chirality from molecule to macroscopic crystal of chiral polymer are surface crowding and frustrated structures. The entropy impact of CO2 can be utilized to programmatically regulate the morphological chirality and crystal structure of two-dimensional crystal assemblies composed of chiral polymer.
Effects of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension on Early-Onset Neonatal Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Ye Meiling , Zhou Cailing , Li Lu , Zhang Meixian , Wang Lizhen
Published: December 2023

Background.
Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia are potentially linked to similar pathophysiological processes. Maternal preeclampsia increases the occurrence of early-onset neonatal thrombocytopenia. We hypothesized that maternal gestational hypertension may impact the incident early-onset neonatal thrombocytopenia.
Methods.
We included 538 neonates, comprising 318 and 220 neonates born to healthy mothers and those with pregnancy-induced hypertension. The minimum platelet count within 72 hours of birth was recorded for these neonates. The incidence of early-onset thrombocytopenia in neonates in relation to maternal gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and health status was evaluated. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between maternal gestational hypertension and the risk of early-onset neonatal thrombocytopenia.
Results.
The incidence of early-onset thrombocytopenia was significantly higher in neonates born to mothers with preeclampsia than in those born to mothers with gestational hypertension or healthy mothers. Significant differences were observed among the three groups (30.0% vs. 13.3% vs. 7.9%, p < 0.001). Maternal gestational hypertension (OR = 2.55, 95%CI 1.10–5.91) increased the risk of early-onset neonatal thrombocytopenia when compared to healthy mothers.
Conclusions.
Maternal gestational hypertension increases the occurrence of early-onset neonatal thrombocytopenia. Therefore, we recommend conducting platelet count screening at the early stages of neonates of mothers with gestational hypertension.
Distinguishing of histopathological staging features of H-E stained human cSCC by Microscopical multispectral Imaging
Authors: Yang Chang-Xing , Yang Jia-Yi , Chen Qi , Wu Ru-Juan , Rui dan-ni , Xiang Hua-Zhong , Zhang Da-Wei , Wang Cheng , Zhao Xiao-Qing
Published: December 2023

Background: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common malignant skin tumor. Early and precise diagnosis of tumor staging are crucial for long-term outcomes. While pathological diagnosis has traditionally served as the gold standard, the assessment of differentiation levels heavily depends on subjective judgments. How do we improve the diagnosis accuracy and objectivity of pathologists༟Method: We used Multispectral imaging (MSI) to enhance tumor classification. The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained cSCC slides were from Shanghai Ruijin Hospital. Scale-Invariant Feature Transform is applied to multispectral images for image stitching, while adaptive threshold segmentation method and random forest segmentation method are used for image segmentation, respectively.Results: Synthetic pseudo-color images effectively highlight tissue differences. Quantitative analysis confirms significant variation in nuclear area between normal and cSCC tissues (P < 0.001), supported by an AUC of 1 in ROC analysis. The AUC within cSCC tissues is 0.57. Further study shows higher nuclear atypia in poorly differentiated cSCC tissues compared to well differentiated cSCC (P < 0.001), also with an AUC of 1. Lastly, well differentiated cSCC tissues show more and larger keratin pearls.Conclusion: These results have shown that combined MSI with imaging processing techniques will improve H&E stained human cSCC diagnosis accuracy, and it will be well utilized to distinguish histopathological staging features.
Relaxation of territorial behavior in the Eurasian otter during low-water conditions in a Mediterranean river
Authors: Jiménez José , Río Lucía , Ferreras Pablo , Godinho Raquel
Published: December 2023

The Eurasian otterLutra lutrais a territorial semi-aquatic carnivore usually found at low densities in rivers, coastal areas, and wetlands. Its diet is based on prey associated with aquatic environments. Mediterranean rivers are highly seasonal, and suffer reduced flow during the summer, resulting in isolated river sections (pools) that can sometimes dry out completely, leading to concentrations of food for otters. So far, this process has not been precisely described, nor have otter densities been estimated under these conditions. In this study, we describe the aggregation of otters in an isolated pool in the Guadiana River in the Tablas de Daimiel National Park (central Spain), which progressively dried out during the summer of 2022. Using non-invasive genetic sampling and spatial capture-recapture techniques, we estimated the otter density at 1.7 individuals/km of river under conditions of circulating flow in restricted pools, up to five times higher than previously described in a Mediterranean environment.
Room Temperature Epitaxy of CH3NH3PbI3 Halide Perovskite by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Masis Monica Morales , Sathiaraj Junia Shelomi Solomon Solomon , Soto-Montero Tatiana , Birkhölzer Yorick A. , Cunha Daniel M. , Soltanpoor Wiria , Ledinský Martin , Orlov Nikolai , Garnett Erik C. , Forero-Correa Nicolás , Reyes-Lillo Sebastian E. , Koster Gertjan , Rijnders Guus , Leppert Linn
Published: December 2023

Epitaxial growth on lattice-(mis)matched substrates has advanced our understanding of semiconductors and enabled high-end technologies like III-V-based LEDs. However, for the promising metal halide perovskite (MHP) semiconductors, there is a significant knowledge gap in thin film heteroepitaxial growth, hindering progress towards new high-end applications with improved optoelectronic performance. Here we demonstrate the epitaxial growth of CH3NH3PbI3 ultrathin films on lattice matched KCl substrates. This is enabled by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at room temperature. Epitaxial stabilization of the cubic CH3NH3PbI3 polymorph is confirmed via photoluminescence, indicating a band gap of 1.66 eV stable for over 200 days and Urbach energies of 12.3 meV for 13 nm thick films. The strains’ impact on cubic phase stabilization is corroborated by first-principle DFT calculations, which also predict substantial bandgap tunability under strain. This work demonstrates the potential of PLD for thickness-controlled vapor-phase heteroepitaxial growth of MHPs, inspiring studies on heterostructures and strain modulation to unlock novel functionalities.
First report of a rare complex rearrangement in the α-globin gene cluster causing a novel 16.8Kb deletion
Authors: Jian Fan , Huang Shuang , Liu Tuoen , wan Jieyu , Zhou Jianying , Zuo Liandong , Li Jian , Li Ru , Liao Can , Li Dongzhi
Published: December 2023

α-thalassemia major (α-TM) often causes Hb Bart’s (c4) hydrops fetalis and severe obstetric complications in the mother. Step-wise screening for couples at-risk of having offspring(s) affected by α-TM is the efficient prevention method but some rare genotypes of thalassemia can not be detected. A 32-year-old male with Low HbA2 (2.4%) and mild anemia was performed real-time PCR-based multicolor melting curve analysis (MMCA) because his wife was --SEA deletion carrier. The result of Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) suggested the existence of --SEA deletion in the proband. A novel deletion of the α-globin gene cluster was found using self-designed MLPA probes combined with longer PCR, which was further accurately described to be 16.8Kb (hg38, Chr16:165236–182113) deletion by the third-generation sequencing. A fragment ranging from 153226 to 154538(GRch38/hg38) was identified which suggested the existence of the homologous recombination event. The third-generation sequencing is accurate and efficient in obtaining accurate information for complex structural variations.
Saturation genome editing-based functional evaluation and clinical classification of BRCA2 single nucleotide variants
Authors: Couch Fergus , Huang Huaizhi , Hu Chunling , Na Jie , Hart Steven , Gnanaolivu Rohan , Abozaid Mohamed , Rao Tara , Tecleab Yohannes , Pesaran Tina , Lyra Paulo , Karam Rachid , Yadav Siddhartha , Domchek Susan , Hoya Miguel de la , Robson Mark , Mehine Miika , Bandlamudi Chaitanya , Mandelker Diana , Monteiro Alvaro , Boddicker Nicholas , Chen Wenan , Richardson Marcy
Published: December 2023

Germline BRCA2 loss-of function (LOF) variants identified by clinical genetic testing predispose to breast, ovarian, prostate and pancreatic cancer. However, variants of uncertain significance (VUS) (n>4000) limit the clinical use of testing results. Thus, there is an urgent need for functional characterization and clinical classification of all BRCA2 variants. Here we report on comprehensive saturation genome editing-based functional characterization of 97% of all possible single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the BRCA2 DNA Binding Domain hotspot for pathogenic missense variants that is encoded by exons 15 to 26. The assay was based on deep sequence analysis of surviving endogenously targeted haploid cells. A total of 7013 SNVs were characterized as functionally abnormal (n=955), intermediate/uncertain, or functionally normal (n=5224) based on 95% agreement with ClinVar known pathogenic and benign standards. Results were validated relative to batches of nonsense and synonymous variants and variants evaluated using a homology directed repair (HDR) functional assay. Breast cancer case-control association studies showed that pooled SNVs encoding functionally abnormal missense variants were associated with increased risks of breast and ovarian cancer (odds ratio (OR) 3.89, 95%CI: 2.77-5.51). In addition, 86% of tumors associated with abnormal missense SNVs displayed loss of heterozygosity (LOH), whereas 26% of tumors with normal variants had LOH. The functional data were added to other sources of information in a ClinGen/ACMG/AMP-like model and 700 functionally abnormal SNVs, including 220 missense SNVs, were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic, while 4862 functionally normal SNVs, including 3084 missense SNVs, were classified as benign or likely benign. These classified variants can now be used for risk assessment and clinical care of variant carriers and the remaining functional scores can be used directly for clinical classification and interpretation of many additional variants.
Dynamic Identification of Important Nodes in Complex Networks based on the KPDN-INCC Method
Authors: Zhang Jieyong , Zhao Liang , Sun Peng , Liang Wei
Published: December 2023

Dynamic identification of influential nodes in complex networks is of great significance for practical applications. In real-world scenarios, resources are often limited, making it necessary to evaluate nodes by iteratively assessing the remaining network after removing certain nodes. Therefore, a dynamic identification method for important nodes in complex networks is more suitable for real-world applications. This paper proposes a method that combines both local and global characteristics. For the global features, we introduce an improved k-shell method that integrates the fusion degree, enhancing the resolution of node rankings. For the local features, we introduce the Solton factor and the improved network constraint coefficient (INCC) to enhance the algorithm's understanding of the relationship between neighboring nodes. Through a comparison with existing methods, we find that the proposed KPDN-INCC method complements the KPDN method and accurately identifies important nodes, thus facilitating rapid network disintegration. The experiments on artificial networks further validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in identifying important nodes in small-world networks with a random parameter less than 0.4.
USP10 drives cancer stemness and enables super-competitor signalling in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Reissland Michaela , Hartmann Oliver , Tauch Saskia , Bugter Jeroen , Prieto-Garcia Cristian , Schulte Clemens , Loebbert Sinah , Solvie Daniel , Bitman-Lotan Eliya , Narain Ashwin , Jacomin Anne-Claire , Schuelein-Voelk Christina , Fuss Carmina , Pahor Nikolett , Ade Carsten , Buck Victoria , Potente Michael , Li Vivian , Beliu Gerti , Wiegering Armin , Grossmann Tom , Eilers Martin , Wolf Elmar , Maric Hans , Rosenfeldt Mathias , Maurice Madelon , Dikic Ivan , Gallant Peter , Oryan Amir , Diefenbacher Markus
Published: December 2023

The contribution of deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) to b-Catenin stabilization in intestinal stem cells and colorectal cancer (CRC) is poorly understood. Here, and by using an unbiassed screen, we discovered that the DUB USP10 stabilizes b-Catenin specifically in APC-truncated CRC in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies, including in vitro binding together with computational modelling, revealed that USP10 binding to b-Catenin is mediated via the unstructured N-terminus of USP10 and is outcompeted by intact APC, favouring b-catenin degradation. However, in APC-truncated cancer cells USP10 binds to b-catenin, increasing its stability which is critical for maintaining an undifferentiated tumour identity. Elimination of USP10 reduces the expression of WNT and stem cell signatures and induces the expression of differentiation genes. Remarkably, silencing of USP10 in murine and patient-derived CRC organoids established that it is essential for NOTUM signalling and the APC super competitor-phenotype, reducing tumorigenic properties of APC-truncated CRC. These findings are clinically relevant as patient-derived organoids are highly dependent on USP10, and abundance of USP10 correlates with poorer prognosis of CRC patients. Our findings reveal, therefore, a role for USP10 in CRC cell identity, stemness, and tumorigenic growth by stabilising b-Catenin, leading to aberrant WNT signalling and degradation resistant tumours. Thus, USP10 emerges as a unique therapeutic target in APC truncated CRC.