bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marginal Bone Level Changes and Oral Health Impact Profile (14) Score of Smokers Treated by Mandibular Mini Implant Overdentures: A 5-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Hussein Mostafa Omran , Alruthea Mohammed Suliman
Published: August 2020

Objectives Studies considered edentulous patients having smoking habit as a compromised oral condition. This research examined the value of using mini implant mandibular overdenture to maintain long-term satisfactory levels of oral health quality of life and marginal vertical bone loss.

Materials and Methods Twenty-nine edentulous patients with smoking habit received four mini implants in the mandible loaded by overdentures. The present study monitored patients radiographically for vertical bone loss after (1 month, 1, 3, and 5 years) of treatment. Patients were also evaluated by oral health impact profile 14 (OHIP-14) pretreatment and at 1 and 5 years of treatment.

Statistical Analysis Repeated measure analysis of variance with Bonferroni’s test as a post-hoc test was used to see the difference among time points. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare between anterior and posterior mini implant positions after 5 years of follow-up. OHIP-14 questionnaire was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed ranks for pairwise comparisons at different evaluation times. A Holm-Bonferroni correction method was used to control the familywise error rate.

Results The mean of the bone height changes showed a significant difference between 1-month data and all other evaluation intervals while no significance was calculated among other evaluation intervals. Bone loss of the mini implants placed anteriorly was less than those placed posteriorly with a statistically significant difference. A significant reduction in the OHIP-14 score levels was observed between pretreatment and both 1 and 5 years of treatment. No significance was seen between the first and fifth year after treatment.

Conclusion Mini implant overdenture could maintain satisfactory marginal bone level changes and oral health quality of life for patients with smoking habit after 5-year follow-up period.
Clinical, Biochemical, Molecular, and Therapeutic Analysis of Maple Syrup Urine Disease in Upper Egypt
Authors: Dahpy Marwa A. , Saleem Tahia H. , El-Asheer Osama M. , ELrasoul Ahmed Abd , Abo Elgeit Amir M.
Published: August 2020

Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disorder caused by mutations in any of the genes encoding for the branched-chain keto dehydrogenase (BCKDH) components. This study screened MSUD patients throughout the whole Upper Egypt describing their symptoms, clinical and laboratory findings, genetic studies, and their treatment, with a 6-month follow-up for their responses. Screening identified three children with MSUD. Homozygous mutation in R195Q single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within the BCKDHA gene was found with the second MSUD patient. Follow-up for 6 months to assess the treatment regimens and progression of cases demonstrated that early treatment regimens including a dietary restriction of branched-chain amino acids with L-Carnitine administration could prevent MSUD-associated intellectual disabilities. It was concluded that R195Q SNP is pathogenic, and it may cause inherited forms of MSUD in some patients. MSUD cases have rarely been reported; so these findings will be highly useful for future cases of MSUD in the Upper Egyptian population.
Predicting turbulent flows in butterfly valves with the nonlinear eddy viscosity and explicit algebraic Reynolds stress models
Authors: Choi Sung Woong , Kim Han Sang
Published: August 2020

The development of turbulence modeling is crucial for the numerical prediction of the flow behavior, especially for separation, stagnation, reattachment, recirculation, and streamline curvature of the flow through complex structures. In this study, the capability of turbulence models was estimated for predicting the flow in a butterfly valve. The explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model (EARSM) and nonlinear eddy viscosity model (NLEVM) were evaluated in terms of the velocity profile, turbulence intensity, and Reynolds stress, and their results were compared with those of the standard k–ε and renormalization group (RNG) models. A numerical validation was conducted with the flow past a backward-facing step as the benchmark test. Comparison with the validation test showed that the NLEVM accurately predicted the reattachment length. For the flow in a butterfly valve, the NLEVM and EARSM indicated a smaller velocity increase than the standard k–ε and RNG models in the recirculation area near the valve region. The NLEVM and EARSM demonstrated an ability to predict anisotropic stresses with a dominant stress value near the valve region.
Limitation of spiral microchannels for particle separation in heterogeneous mixtures: Impact of particles’ size and deformability
Authors: Guzniczak Ewa , Krüger Timm , Bridle Helen , Jimenez Melanie
Published: August 2020

Spiral microchannels have shown promising results for separation applications. Hydrodynamic particle–particle interactions are a known factor strongly influencing focusing behaviors in inertial devices, with recent work highlighting how the performance of bidisperse mixtures is altered when compared with pure components in square channels. This phenomenon has not been previously investigated in detail for spiral channels. Here, we demonstrate that, in spiral channels, both the proportion and deformability of larger particles (13 μm diameter) impact upon the recovery (up to 47% decrease) of small rigid particles (4 μm). The effect, observed at low concentrations (volume fraction <0.0012), is attributed to the hydrodynamic capture of beads by larger cells. These changes in particles focusing behavior directly impede the efficiency of the separation—diverting beads from locations expected from measurements with pure populations to co-collection with larger cells—and could hamper deployment of technology for certain applications. Similar focusing behavior alterations were noted when working with purification of stem cell end products.
Effect of zirconium oxide local structure on soft x-ray optical properties near the oxygen K-edge region
Authors: Sinha Mangalika , Gupta Rajkumar , Kiranjot  , Singh Amol , Modi Mohammed H.
Published: August 2020

Zirconium oxide thin film serves as one of the potential material candidates in extreme ultraviolet/soft x-ray optics applications. The suitability of its application can be justified by investigating its optical performance in the working energy range. In this study, we have investigated the soft x-ray optical properties of a zirconium oxide thin film near the O K-edge region using the energy-dependent soft x-ray reflectivity (SXR) technique. The SXR and absorption measurements are performed using the Indus-2 soft x-ray reflectivity beamline BL-03. The optical constants (δ and β) in the energy range of 500–560 eV covering O K-edge are extracted by applying Kramers–Kronig relations. Experimentally obtained δ and β profiles show a prominent eg and t2g feature in the vicinity of O K-edge with the crystal field splitting of 2.9 eV. All features observed in the δ and β spectra are correlated with their electronic structure and composition of the zirconium oxide thin film. Details of correlation between structural and optical properties as determined by x-ray absorption spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and SXR analyses are discussed.
Formation of BN-covered silicene on ZrB2/Si(111) by adsorption of NO and thermal processes
Authors: Yoshinobu Jun , Mukai Kozo , Ueda Hiroaki , Yoshimoto Shinya , Shimizu Sumera , Koitaya Takanori , Noritake Hiroyuki , Lee Chi-Cheng , Ozaki Taisuke , Fleurence Antoine , Friedlein Rainer , Yamada-Takamura Yukiko
Published: August 2020

We have investigated the adsorption and thermal reaction processes of NO with silicene spontaneously formed on the ZrB2/Si(111) substrate using synchrotron radiation x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density-functional theory calculations. NO is dissociatively adsorbed on the silicene surface at 300 K. An atomic nitrogen is bonded to three Si atoms most probably by a substitutional adsorption with a Si atom of silicene (N≡Si3). An atomic oxygen is inserted between two Si atoms of the silicene (Si—O—Si). With increasing NO exposure, the two-dimensional honeycomb silicene structure gets destroyed, judging from the decay of typical Si 2p spectra for silicene. After a large amount of NO exposure, the oxidation state of Si becomes Si4+ predominantly, and the intensity of the XPS peaks of the ZrB2 substrate decreases, indicating that complicated silicon oxinitride species have developed three-dimensionally. By heating above 900 K, the oxide species start to desorb from the surface, but nitrogen-bonded species still exist. After flashing at 1053 K, no oxygen species is observed on the surface; SiN species are temporally formed as a metastable species and BN species also start to develop. In addition, the silicene structure is restored on the ZrB2/Si(111) substrate. After prolonged heating at 1053 K, most of nitrogen atoms are bonded to B atoms to form a BN layer at the topmost surface. Thus, BN-covered silicene is formed on the ZrB2/Si(111) substrate by the adsorption of NO at 300 K and prolonged heating at 1053 K.
Uniform flow injection into a turbulent boundary layer for trailing edge noise reduction
Authors: Szőke Máté , Fiscaletti Daniele , Azarpeyvand Mahdi
Published: August 2020

The hydrodynamic effects of inclined uniform continuous blowing on a turbulent boundary layer are investigated experimentally. A laminar flow is introduced into the boundary layer through a fence on a flat plate at a distance of 3.38δ0 upstream of the trailing edge. The effects of this open-loop technique of flow control are examined at different angles of injection and at different blowing rates. Surface pressure fluctuations acquired from flush-mounted microphones are used to estimate the trailing edge noise. Injection angles of 70° and 90° in combination with strong blowing rates enable a noise reduction of up to 15 dB at mid and high frequencies, f > 300 Hz. Similar aeroacoustic performances are obtained at a blowing angle of 50° but at lower blowing rates. At low frequencies, a penalty is expected, with the trailing edge noise increasing for all the injection angles and blowing rates under analysis. Mean velocity profiles from hot-wire anemometry reveal that high injection angles and strong blowing rates induce a flow separation, which is expected to deteriorate the aerodynamic performances. When applying a uniform blowing at 50°, however, no flow separation occurs. From an aeroacoustic and aerodynamic point of view, uniform blowing applied at 50° and at intermediate blowing rates is found to be the most promising setting.
Controlling of the Dirac band states of Pb-deposited graphene by using work function difference
Authors: Tsujikawa Y. , Sakamoto M. , Yokoi Y. , Imamura M. , Takahashi K. , Hobara R. , Uchihashi T. , Takayama A.
Published: August 2020

We have performed scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) in Pb-deposited bilayer graphene (BLG) on the SiC(0001) substrate to investigate the dependence of the electronic structures on the Pb-deposition amount. We have observed that the Pb atoms form islands by STM and the π bands of the BLG shift toward the Fermi level by ARPES. This hole-doping-like energy shift is enhanced as the amount of Pb is increased, and we were able to tune the Dirac gap to the Fermi level by 4 ML deposition. Considering the band dispersion, we suggest that the hole-doping-like effect is related to the difference between the work functions of Pb islands and BLG/SiC; the work function of BLG/SiC is lower than that of Pb. Our results propose an easy way of band tuning for graphene with an appropriate selection of both the substrate and deposited material.
Experimental study on oil droplet breakup under the action of turbulent field in modified concentric cylinder rotating device
Authors: Tian Yu , Tian Yangyang , Shi Guoxin , Zhou Bo , Zhang Chunying , He Limin
Published: August 2020

This paper describes the breakage behaviors of oil droplets under different flow conditions when flowing turbulently in a modified concentric cylinder rotating device. The annular flow field in the modified device is locally isotropic turbulence, and the oil droplet diameter is only influenced by the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation rate. The TKE dissipation rate distribution under experimental conditions is obtained by the Reynold stress turbulence model. The droplet-size distribution of each sampling tube is studied by experiments, and the influence rules of oil concentration, inlet droplet diameter, and TKE dissipation rate on the droplet Sauter diameter are obtained. Based on the Hinze model, the model of the maximum stable diameter of droplets under medium turbulence intensity is established, and the accuracy of the model is verified by experiments. The new model provides a scientific basis for predicting the oil droplet breakage and has a wide range of applications.
Photoelectrochemical NADH regeneration is highly sensitive to the nature of electrode surface
Authors: Zhang Bingqing , Xu Shaochen , He Da , Chen Rong , He Yumin , Fa Wenjun , Li Gonghu , Wang Dunwei
Published: August 2020

(Photo)electrochemistry enables the synthesis of high-value fine chemicals and highly selective activation of molecules that are difficult to prepare using conventional chemical methods. In this work, light-driven NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) regeneration is achieved using a molecular Rh(III) mediator on Si photoelectrodes. This process is observed to be highly sensitive to the surface nature of Si photoelectrodes, exhibiting an overpotential reduction up to 600 mV on Si nanowires (SiNWs) as compared to planar Si. The use of a molecular mediator and SiNWs enables 100% selectivity toward NADH synthesis within a broad potential window. The origin of the striking difference is identified as the multifaceted nature of SiNWs.
Lithography-free fabrication of low operating voltage and large channel length graphene transistor with current saturation by utilizing Li+ of ion-conducting-oxide gate dielectric
Authors: Chourasia Nitesh K. , Singh Vijay K. , Sharma Anand , Srivastava Anchal , Pal Bhola N.
Published: August 2020

The large channel length graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) can outperform its competitors due to its larger active area and lower noise. Such long channel length devices have numerous applications, e.g., in photodetectors, biosensors, etc. However, long channel length graphene devices are not common due to their semi-metallic nature. Here, we fabricate large channel length (up to 5.7 mm) GFETs through a simple, cost-effective method that requires thermally evaporated source-drain electrode deposition, which is less cumbersome than the conventional wet-chemistry based photolithography. The semiconducting nature of graphene has been achieved by utilizing the Li+ ion of the Li5AlO4 gate dielectric, which shows current saturation at a low operating voltage (∼2 V). The length scaling of these GFETs has been studied with respect to channel length variation within a range from 0.2 mm to 5.7 mm. It is observed that a GFET of 1.65 mm channel length shows optimum device performance with good current saturation. This particular GFET shows a “hole” mobility of 312 cm2 V−1 s−1 with an on/off ratio of 3. For comparison, another GFET has been fabricated in the same geometry by using a conventional SiO2 dielectric that does not show any gate-dependent transport property, which indicates the superior effect of Li+ of the ionic gate dielectric on current saturation.
A hierarchical effective mode approach to phonon-driven multilevel vibrational relaxation dynamics at surfaces
Authors: Fischer Eric W. , Werther Michael , Bouakline Foudhil , Saalfrank Peter
Published: August 2020

We discuss an efficient Hierarchical Effective Mode (HEM) representation of a high-dimensional harmonic oscillator bath, which describes phonon-driven vibrational relaxation of an adsorbate–surface system, namely, deuterium adsorbed on Si(100). Starting from the original Hamiltonian of the adsorbate–surface system, the HEM representation is constructed via iterative orthogonal transformations, which are efficiently implemented with Householder matrices. The detailed description of the HEM representation and its construction are given in the second quantization representation. The hierarchical nature of this representation allows access to the exact quantum dynamics of the adsorbate–surface system over finite time intervals, controllable via the truncation order of the hierarchy. To study the convergence properties of the effective mode representation, we solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation of the truncated system–bath HEM Hamiltonian, with the help of the multilayer extension of the Multiconfigurational Time-Dependent Hartree (ML-MCTDH) method. The results of the HEM representation are compared with those obtained with a quantum-mechanical tier-model. The convergence of the HEM representation with respect to the truncation order of the hierarchy is discussed for different initial conditions of the adsorbate–surface system. The combination of the HEM representation with the ML-MCTDH method provides information on the time evolution of the system (adsorbate) and multiple effective modes of the bath (surface). This permits insight into mechanisms of vibration–phonon coupling of the adsorbate–surface system, as well as inter-mode couplings of the effective bath.
Artificial resonant crystals for hydroelastic waves
Authors: Domino L. , Fermigier M. , Eddi A.
Published: August 2020

Engineering the propagation of water waves is a crucial challenge for potential applications at oceanic scale. Despite their apparent complexity, they do not fundamentally differ from any other kind of physical wave. Similar to recent approaches in optics or acoustics, we propose to artificially manufacture materials at the sub-wavelength scale to modify the propagation characteristics at will. We demonstrate that hydroelastic waves allow for the straightforward control of the medium properties, as well as the quantitative measurement of the full wave field. We investigate propagation in hydroelastic metamaterials made from periodic arrays of tunable resonators. We fully characterize the band structures of such materials, revealing the coexistence of Bragg and hybridization bandgaps. We also introduce a theoretical approach to model this complex system and predict its band structure. These unprecedented experimental and theoretical results reveal the possibility to efficiently control water waves at the laboratory scale.
Partial clearing of a road corridor leads to homogenisation of the invertebrate fauna
Authors: Majer Jonathan D. , de Sousa-Majer Maria José , Heterick Brian E.
Published: August 2020

A recent plan to extend a highway in south-west Western Australia has been abandoned, but not before a 10–200m wide strip of vegetation along the alignment had been cleared. Attempts are now being made to rehabilitate the cleared area. The aim of this paper is 2-fold. First, it documents the changes in invertebrate abundance, richness and evenness in this abandoned landmark development. Second, it explores the changes in invertebrate species composition, concentrating on ants, in terms of known trends in biodiversity, with particular emphasis on biotic homogenisation. We report on the immediate changes in invertebrate assemblages from a spatial continuum of sites passing through six discrete woodland communities. A total of 69 species of ants were sampled by pitfall traps from the sites, with 50 being sampled in the 7 reference sites and 46 in the 13 cleared sites. As far as most of these simple indices are concerned, the previously cleared areas generally exhibited values that are not appreciably different from those of the reference sites, except that species richness was marginally higher in the reference sites and ant abundance was higher in the cleared area sites. There was considerable variation in numbers of ant species within Ant Niche Template categories in both the reference and cleared area sites. However, numbers of nest specialists and trophic specialists were significantly lower in cleared area sites; opportunistic species and one generalist were more abundant in cleared areas. The two-dimensional solution of the multi-dimensional scaling ordination grouped all cleared sites close together, with the reference sites and modified native vegetation site being widely scattered across the graph. The tight bunching of the cleared sites suggests that clearing for the proposed highway has resulted in homogenising the ant fauna, creating a characteristic assemblage that differed from all of the original reference sites. When considered at the ordinal level, significantly less Clitellata (worms), Malacostraca (slaters), Araneae (spiders), Blattodea (cockroaches), Dermaptera (earwigs) and Coleoptera (beetles) were sampled from the cleared sites, but significantly more Collembola (springtails), Homoptera and Heteroptera (both types of sucking bugs) were sampled in these sites. Collembola may be responding to the abundance of exotic grasses whereas the sucking bugs may have benefitted from the lush herb and shrub layer associated with the regrowth and rehabilitation efforts.
Goal setting and Indigenous fire management: a holistic perspective
Authors: Nikolakis William , Roberts Emma , Hotte Ngaio , Ross Russell Myers
Published: August 2020

After generations of fire-suppression policy, Indigenous fire management (IFM) is being reactivated as one way to mitigate wildfire in fire-prone ecosystems. Research has documented that IFM also mitigates carbon emissions, improves livelihoods and enhances well-being among participants. This study documents the goals of the Yunesit’in and Xeni Gwet’in First Nations as they develop a fire management program in central British Columbia, Canada. Drawing on goal setting theory and interviews, a qualitative coding and cluster analysis identified three general goals from fire management: (1) strengthen cultural connection and well-being, (2) restore the health of the land and (3) respect traditional laws. Sub-goals included enhancing community member health and well-being, improving fire management practices to maintain ‘pyrodiversity’ and food security and re-empowering Indigenous laws and practices. This community-developed framework will guide program evaluation and brings insight to a theory of IFM.
Hoping for success, becoming a spiritual subject
Authors: Pérez-Milans Miguel , Xiaoyan Guo (Grace)
Published: August 2020

This article focuses on the entanglement of trajectories of transnational education/work and religious conversion among
Chinese overseas students who move to the UK before returning to China. In contrast to the existing literature on returnees where the gaze
is only turned on highly prestigious schemes/trajectories of return, we look at those who become involved with Christian evangelical
congregations and bible reading groups in response to a general state of disillusion with social beliefs of global competition and success.
By drawing on ongoing ethnographic fieldwork in London and Beijing, we engage with literature on lived religion, migration and the care of
the self through a sociolinguistic lens. We take pressures for successful return as a technology of hope that shaped our participants’
experiences of Christian conversion, and examine religious practices as support-based subject-transformation projects whereby our
participants regulate their and others’ practices and feelings through daily semiotic activities as they operate within global spaces of
higher education and the labour market. In so doing, we detail a complex interplay of self-transformation experiences, collective practices
of refusal, and capitalist logics of market expansion.
Coloniality, neoliberalism and the language textbook
Authors: Gurney Laura , Díaz Adriana
Published: August 2020

In this article, we question the presumed presence of the textbook as sine qua non in languages
education. Contextualising our discussion within Spanish as a foreign language (SFL) in higher education, we illuminate the overlapping
ideological, historical and economic forces that frame and shape language practice through textbooks. In a field in which decolonial and
poststructuralist approaches to language and languages education are gaining traction, the textbook thwarts theoretical and practical
complexification of language beyond monolingual depictions of languages as ahistorical and context-free systems which unproblematically
transport meaning across time and space. Furthermore, the status of the textbook as a producible and consumable item cannot be overlooked. On
the basis of our critique, we conclude that the use of textbooks generates serious tensions in practice for those wishing to pursue
emergent, emancipatory linguistic frameworks in languages education.
Additions in simultaneous signed interpreting
Authors: Wehrmeyer Ella
Published: August 2020

Until now, investigations of strategies used by signed language interpreters in the simultaneous mode have been sporadic
and restricted to analyses of short transcripts. This article presents the first corpus-driven exploration of interpreter additions in news
broadcasts simultaneously interpreted into South African Sign Language. Using grounded theory, it explores the types of additions made, the
reasons for their production, and their downstream consequences. The results show that interpreters mainly add discourse markers, linguistic
extrapolations such as filling in ellipsis and obvious co-text, repetitions, contextual information, and to a lesser extent, second
translations, pragmatic markers, and new information. However, the cost is high as additions often result in concomitant omissions and
occasional incoherence. From the results, a model is extrapolated to explain additions in terms of the interpreter’s perceived roles and
status in the Deaf community.
Introduction to Biosecurity surveillance: quantitative approaches.
Authors: Jarrad F.
Published: August 2020

This book contains practical and innovative approaches to plant and animal biosecurity surveillance from Australia and around the world, using established and new methodologies, with a particular focus on the quantitative, particularly statistical, aspects of these methods. The book is structured in three parts. Part I supports the later parts of the book, by providing a foundation for describing the statistical modelling methods presented, as well as placing later chapters in the broader international context. The chapters in Parts II and III describe methods and supporting case studies that demonstrate and/or implement the techniques, tools and methods described. Each chapter focuses on particular aspects or concepts of surveillance and typically illustrates these using a case study. While the specifics differ among chapters, the following broad themes are commonly addressed in each chapter: (i) what is the big picture problem?; (ii) what are the main challenges for an evidence-based approach?; (iii) what are the main quantitative modelling solutions?; (iv) what are the main outcomes?; and (v) who is using this/how/why? In summary, this book can be used as a general reference to biosecurity surveillance, as well as a specific reference to frontier methodology used in biosecurity surveillance research and practice. It is hoped that the collation of current statistical modelling methodology that deals with common but complex biosecurity surveillance situations will not only provide informative reading, but will stimulate the identification of existing gaps in this methodology, and corresponding innovative statistical approaches to fill these gaps.
Biosecurity surveillance in agriculture and environment: a review.
Authors: Quinlan M. , Stanaway M. , Mengersen K.
Published: August 2020

This chapter discusses the holistic concept of biosecurity and biosecurity surveillance with emphasis on plants, animals and ecosystems. Also discussed are statistical analyses and risk assessment of various surveillance activities for both plants and animals.
Getting the story straight: laying the foundations for statistical evaluation of the performance of surveillance.
Authors: Low-Choy S.
Published: August 2020

This chapter describes the foundations for statistical evaluation of the performance of surveillance. A 'story', about a conversation between biosecurity and quantitative participants, helps weave together these concepts and make them less abstract. The chapter begins with an overview of the biosecurity questions applicable to quantitative analysis, by defining the types of response variables. This provides a basis for introducing the different statistical modelling paradigms that might be adopted for analysis, such as classical or frequentist hypothesis testing, Bayesian approaches and deterministic modelling. Regardless of paradigm, various objectives of the surveillance programme can be identified, and characterized, as 'seek and destroy', 'maintaining the status quo' or hybrids. The chapter proceeds by addressing the elements of statistical design, requiring a more detailed view of the spatio-temporal context of surveillance: identifying the unit of surveillance, the role of randomization, and issues of extent, scale and sampling effort. With all of this preparation, it is now possible to come to the main purpose of the chapter, to evaluate surveillance. This involves deciding whether diagnostic and/or predictive ability are paramount when quantifying surveillance efficiency and efficacy. To facilitate this, the roles of observation versus the reality of the pest incursion are separated and explained, taking advantage of Bayes' theorem. Finally the chapter and the accompanying story end by focusing on interpretation of surveillance design parameters: How can we describe what it is that we wish to learn from surveillance?
Designing surveillance for emergency response.
Authors: Havre Z. van , Whittle P.
Published: August 2020

This chapter concerns designing surveillance measures for responding to a detected incursion of non-indigenous species (NIS) in an area. The context may be agricultural, urban or natural landscapes - or combinations of these. The NIS may be a plant pest, or an animal disease, or an environmental pest or weed. This is a very broad sphere and so there are relevant extensive literature and policy frameworks covering NIS, especially for plant pests (International Plant Protection Convention) and animal diseases (World Organisation for Animal Health). Our intention is to contribute to this large body of work, rather than to review it, with a focus on surveillance in an emergency response. We discuss concepts, tools and guidelines for the development of both contingency plans for likely or high-risk invasive species, as well as the information required to mount a response for an unanticipated threat. We include strategic advice for planning proof-of-absence studies following an NIS incursion response. We also discuss strategies for dealing with large and heterogeneous landscapes.
Estimating detection rates and probabilities.
Authors: Hauser C. E. , Garrard G. E. , Moore J. L.
Published: August 2020

Surveillance activities provide only imperfect detection of biosecurity threats, and so quantifying detection rates and probabilities is important for making reliable inferences from survey data. Furthermore, an understanding of detection rates and probabilities allows for effective survey design and resource allocation to address biosecurity threats. Detection rates and probabilities can be estimated directly via experiments or indirectly during routine surveillance activities. In this chapter we introduce basic presence/absence detection models and provide guidelines for designing a detection experiment. We also summarize other methods available for estimating detection rates and probabilities when pest abundance, as well as presence/absence, affects management.
Design of a surveillance system for non-indigenous species on Barrow Island: plants case study.
Authors: Murray J. , Whittle P. , Jarrad F. , Barrett S. , Stoklosa R. , Mengersen K.
Published: August 2020

Complex surveillance problems are common in biosecurity, such as prioritizing detection among multiple invasive species, specifying risk over a heterogeneous landscape and combining multiple sources of surveillance data in surveillance design. Programmes for surveillance generally do not incorporate power but instead are heavily influenced by budgetary constraints. However, when designing biosecurity programmes for surveillance, monitoring and eradication, it is logical and desirable to design to a statistical standard to detect invaders and then demonstrate that standard was achieved in implementation. We present an approach to meet these challenges in a comprehensive surveillance design, based on statistical power for non-indigenous terrestrial plants on Barrow Island, a conservation reserve off the Western Australian coast, where the possibility of incursions is increased due to construction activities on the island. To assist conservation of the environmental importance of this reserve, we design a surveillance programme with 80% statistical power of detection, focused around the industrial activity occurring on Barrow Island.
Detection survey design for decision making during biosecurity incursions.
Authors: Kean J. M. , Burnip G. M. , Pathan A.
Published: August 2020

Biosecurity surveillance involves special challenges, in particular dealing with the fact that the target organism is usually absent from the surveyed area. In this context, surveys must be designed to detect small target populations and to estimate the likelihood that failing to detect the population means it is really not there. We summarize the basic formulae used to design simple detection surveys and show how they can be combined to create multilevel sample plans that are quick and easy to formulate, parameterize and optimize during a biosecurity incursion response. In particular, incursion investigators often need to assess the spatial extent of populations to evaluate whether eradication is a viable management option, but strict delimitation of the occupied area requires substantial sampling effort. Instead, we advocate a pragmatic approach whereby detection surveys are designed to address a particular data need, such as whether the population is present too widely to be eradicated. In this way key decisions, such as whether or not to attempt eradication, may be informed in the most rapid and cost-efficient way. This approach was used during the investigation of an incursion of an Australian pasture tunnel moth (Philobota sp.) into New Zealand.
Evidence of absence for invasive species: roles for hierarchical Bayesian approaches in regulation.
Authors: Stanaway M.
Published: August 2020

Regulatory agencies responsible for managing pest incursions rely upon an adequate knowledge of the distribution of the pest. Spatio-temporal estimates of distribution for an actively invading pest require ecological and surveillance information to be assimilated, a task which is well suited to hierarchical Bayesian inference. The process of developing a pest observation model and a pest status model to evaluate the evidence for absence is explained in relation to existing simple models used for biosecurity surveillance. A case study to estimate the probability of exotic fruit fly absence in a district illustrates how simple invasion process models can be incorporated into the analysis of surveillance programmes. Trapping information from a previous incursion of Bactrocera papayae in Queensland in 1995 is brought into the detection model. The economic value of maintaining or altering the surveillance programme is assessed in terms of the putative costs of incursion management given different surveillance regimes.
Coping with the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences from the vantage point of feminist social psychology (Afrontando la pandemia COVID-19 y sus consecuencias desde la Psicología Social feminista) ((Afrontando la pandemia COVID-19 y sus consecuencias desde la Psicología Social feminista))
Authors: Ferrer-Perez Victoria A.
Published: August 2020

Incorporating the gender or feminist perspective transversally into scientific knowledge is a need highlighted from different quarters. Despite this, this recommendation has not yet been widely implemented, and the response to the crisis caused by the coronavirus COVID-19 is no exception. This article offers suggestions on how to understand and respond to it from the vantage point of social psychology with a gender perspective.
How to survive COVID-19? Notes from organisational resilience (¿Cómo sobrevivir al COVID-19? Apuntes desde la resiliencia organizacional)
Authors: Salanova Marisa
Published: August 2020

The aim of this paper is to articulate the psychosocial mechanisms of organizational resilience based on the research in positive organizational psychology, as well as to learn how organizations could cope with the effects of the COVID-19 crisis through ‘resilience resources’ training (i.e., psychological, social and organizational resources).
Standardization of tomato juice tastes using a taste sensor approach
Authors: Hayashi Nobuyuki , Ujihara Tomomi , Hayakawa Fumiyo , Nakano Yuko , Kawakami Tomoko , Ikezaki Hidekazu
Published: August 2020

To enable the taste evaluation of many food samples at a time as well as the comparison of taste evaluation data acquired at different times, a standardization method for taste intensities was developed by a combination of a taste sensor system and a standard solution prepared with taste substances. In the case of tomato juices, citric acid, sucrose, and monosodium glutamate were used as standard taste substances for sourness, sweetness, and umami taste, respectively. Each standard point of the taste intensities was determined using only one standard solution including these standard substances. The taste intensity was described as a value on a scale based on discrimination thresholds of human gustation, where intensities of sourness, sweetness, and umami taste of the tomato juices were classified into multiple levels. Organoleptic evaluation supported these results. Validation for the present standardization method revealed that this approach has enough precision for practical tomato taste evaluation.
Patterns of sports involvement in Spain
Authors: Castellanos‐García Pablo , Lera‐López Fernando , Sánchez‐Santos José Manuel
Published: August 2020

In a context of a rise in physical inactivity, this paper aims to provide new insights about the relationship between different forms of sport engagements and their correlates, analysing, for the first time, both active and passive sport involvement for a large sample of individuals. Applying the cluster technique, we identify four different segments of sports involvement among the Spanish population: non‐sporty, exclusively practitioner, balanced practitioner, and basically spectator. Also, we develop a multinomial logit model to analyse the main sociodemographic, physical, and sports features that could increase the individual sport involvement, from the non‐sporty segment, which assembles the highest number of individuals, to the other clusters. Most of the variables under analysis show a different impact on sport involvement: some of them stimulate active participation (e.g. being member of private sport clubs), whereas others mainly encourage sport attendance (e.g. readers and listeners of sport news, children in the household), and other variables boost sport engagement in general (e.g. being male, educational level, health status, e‐sports). The results may have significant implications in terms of developing a general perspective about sport engagement, including both active and passive participation. Particularly, our findings suggest that active and passive sport engagement do not seem to be negatively associated and they can coexist at different levels.
Environment and mental health: empirical study on the relationship between contact with nature and symptoms of anxiety and depression (Ambiente y salud mental: estudio empírico sobre la relación entre contacto con la naturaleza, síntomas de ansiedad y de depresión)
Authors: Tomasi Samantha , Di Nuovo Santo , Hidalgo M. Carmen
Published: August 2020

This paper sets out to investigate the relationship between environment and mental health, and specifically between contact with nature and the presence of well-being, satisfaction with life, personality traits and symptoms of anxiety and depression. The sample comprised 59 people aged 18 to 70, and included 29 subjects from Spain and 30 from Italy. The following tests were utilized: a questionnaire about the frequency of activities carried out in natural surroundings, the Five Factor Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory II, the Satisfaction With Life Scale and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale. All variables were analysed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient with the exception of level of education, which was analysed using Spearman’s coefficient. The results suggest that contact with nature positively affects well-being and satisfaction with life, and that there is a negative correlation between contact with nature and symptoms of anxiety and depression.
We Are Here! Claim-making and Claim-placing of Undocumented Migrants in Amsterdam
Authors: Hajer Minke , Bröer Christian
Published: August 2020

Through everyday practices, excluded and marginalised undocumented migrants struggle for citizenship, question bordering practices, and can achieve forms of inclusion incrementally. Based on an ethnographic case study in Amsterdam, this article evidences and theorises these piecemeal struggles of undocumented migrants. We show how undocumented migrants—discursively and spatially—claim ‘the right to have rights’. We demonstrate how forms of inclusion emerge as the result of ‘claim-making’: by making appeals to human rights, the use of (limited) legal rights, and identity claims. We combine the analysis of claim-making with research into an understudied but highly relevant process of ‘claim-placing’, which refers to how the use (public) spaces and places can add weight to discursive claim-making. We demonstrate that an incremental process of ‘claim-making’ and ‘claim-placing’ leads to a slightly increased recognition as political subjects and forms of inclusion.
Collective invasion induced by an autocrine purinergic loop through connexin-43 hemichannels
Authors: Khalil Antoine A. , Ilina Olga , Vasaturo Angela , Venhuizen Jan-Hendrik , Vullings Manon , Venhuizen Victor , Bilos Ab , Figdor Carl G. , Span Paul N. , Friedl Peter
Published: August 2020

Progression of epithelial cancers predominantly proceeds by collective invasion of cell groups with coordinated cell–cell junctions and multicellular cytoskeletal activity. Collectively invading breast cancer cells express the gap junction protein connexin-43 (Cx43), yet whether Cx43 regulates collective invasion remains unclear. We here show that Cx43 mediates gap-junctional coupling between collectively invading breast cancer cells and, via hemichannels, adenosine nucleotide/nucleoside release into the extracellular space. Using molecular interference and rescue strategies, we identify that Cx43 hemichannel function, but not intercellular communication, induces leader cell activity and collective migration through the engagement of the adenosine receptor 1 (ADORA1) and AKT signaling. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition of ADORA1 or AKT signaling caused leader cell collapse and halted collective invasion. ADORA1 inhibition further reduced local invasion of orthotopic mammary tumors in vivo, and joint up-regulation of Cx43 and ADORA1 in breast cancer patients correlated with decreased relapse-free survival. This identifies autocrine purinergic signaling, through Cx43 hemichannels, as a critical pathway in leader cell function and collective invasion.
Telomerase treatment prevents lung profibrotic pathologies associated with physiological aging
Authors: Piñeiro-Hermida Sergio , Autilio Chiara , Martínez Paula , Bosch Fátima , Pérez-Gil Jesús , Blasco Maria A.
Published: August 2020

Short/dysfunctional telomeres are at the origin of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in patients mutant for telomere maintenance genes. However, it remains unknown whether physiological aging leads to short telomeres in the lung, thus leading to IPF with aging. Here, we find that physiological aging in wild-type mice leads to telomere shortening and a reduced proliferative potential of alveolar type II cells and club cells, increased cellular senescence and DNA damage, increased fibroblast activation and collagen deposits, and impaired lung biophysics, suggestive of a fibrosis-like pathology. Treatment of both wild-type and telomerase-deficient mice with telomerase gene therapy prevented the onset of lung profibrotic pathologies. These findings suggest that short telomeres associated with physiological aging are at the origin of IPF and that a potential treatment for IPF based on telomerase activation would be of interest not only for patients with telomerase mutations but also for sporadic cases of IPF associated with physiological aging.
Search for SU(2)
V
singlet Higgs boson in the Georgi–Machacek model at the LHC
Authors: Zhu Jian-Wen , Zhang Ren-You , Ma Wen-Gan , Yang Qiang , Long Ming-Ming , Jiang Yi
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we study in detail the phenomenology of the non-SM SU(2)
V
singlet Higgs boson

H

1

0

at the 14 TeV Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in the Georgi–Machacek (GM) model. We present a systematic comparison of the production mechanisms and decay modes of

H

1

0

, especially the vector-boson fusion (VBF) and gluon–gluon fusion (ggF) production mechanisms and the decays to W
+
W
−, ZZ, H
5
H
5, H
3
H
3,

H

3

±

W

∓

and

H

3

0

Z

. After performing a comprehensive scan over the seven-dimensional parameter space of the GM model, we find that the

H

1

0

→

H

3

±

W

∓

,

H

1

0

→

H

3

0

Z

and

H

1

0

→

H

3

H

3

decay channels are almost excluded by the theoretical and experimental constraints, while

H

1

0

can decay into H
5
H
5 in an appreciable region of the GM parameter space. Based on the scanning results, we discuss detailedly the

H

1

0

production via ggF and VBF with subsequent decays of

H

1

0

→

H

5

H

5

→

W

+

W

−

W

+

W

−

→

l

±

ν

(
−
)

l

±

ν

(
−
)

+
4
j
e
t
s

,

H

1

0

→
Z
Z
→

l

+

l

−

l

+

l

−

and

H

1

0

→

W

+

W

−

→

e

±

μ

∓

ν

ν

¯

at the 14 TeV LHC. The integrated cross sections and some kinematic distributions of final products for both the signals at some benchmark points of the GM parameter space and the corresponding SM backgrounds are provided. If the decay to H
5
H
5 is kinematically allowed,

H

1

0

can be detected in the

H

1

0

→

H

5

H

5

→

W

+

W

−

W

+

W

−

→

l

±

ν

(
−
)

l

±

ν

(
−
)

+
4
j
e
t
s

decay channel at high-luminosity LHC unless

B
R

(

H

1

0

→

H

5

H

5

)

is too small or

m

H

1

0

is too high. In the mass range of

2

m

V

≲

m

H

1

0

<
2

m

H

5

, the vector-boson fusion is the most promising production channel in search of

H

1

0

due to the two hard tagging jets in the final state, and we may expect to discover

H

1

0

in both

H

1

0

→

W

+

W

−

→

e

±

μ

∓

ν

ν

¯

and

H

1

0

→
Z
Z
→
4
l

decay channels with

O

(

1

0

2

)

f
b

−
1

of data if the decay branching ratio of

H

1

0

to a pair of weak gauge bosons is sufficiently large.