bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A NEW MOLECULAR DESCRIPTOR FOR EVALUATING COMPONENT COMPATIBILITY OF PHARMACEUTICAL FORMS
Authors: L.V. Pogrebniak , E.V. Kul’gav , A.V. Pogrebniak
Published: April 2022

Abstract: The chemical diversity of the components of modern dosage forms, the intensity of their pharmacological study and the development of methods for predicting the optimal composition bring to the fore the task of developing new effective molecular descriptors that most fully reflect the physicochemical properties of molecules. At the same time, their creation should not be accompanied by laborious experiments or expensive complex calculations. Based on the analysis of the electronic structure of the model group of excipients, we made an attempt to theoretically substantiate the new molecular descriptor. For this, we set the task of calculating known and introducing new descriptors that characterize the structural features of excipients and allow combining chemically different molecules within a single predictive model. Only this approach can provide a reliable explanation of the phenomenon of technological isosteria (different structures - the same properties) and will allow identifying molecular descriptors, the change of which affects the change in the properties of the dosage form in the required direction. An accurate assessment of the hydrophilicity of molecules is the key to describing their behavior in combined heterogeneous media - the intestinal and gastric walls. Traditional methods of assessment (solubility in the "water-octanol" system) are laborious and, in the case of several tens of compounds, involve a separate expensive practical task, often giving results that are difficult to reproduce. Evaluation of the hydrophilicity of materials of polymer nature by this method is impossible. At the same time, the main components of the DF are these polymer structures of varying degrees of complexity. Therefore, the tasks of evaluative forecasting of the mutual influence of polymers - the components of the DF - and selecting of a cost-effective method for determining their optimal composition have a high degree of relevance.
MENTAL HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH CHILDHOOD CANCER. (REVIEW OF FOREIGN LITERATURE)
Authors: Y.A. Titova
Published: April 2022

Abstract: The need to analyze foreign literature in order to study information about the quality of life of patients who underwent cancer in childhood or adolescence is dictated by the high prevalence of mental disorders in the long-term period and insufficient knowledge of the possibility of their compensation. Purpose: to analyze foreign literature for studying the quality of life of adult patients who underwent cancer in childhood or adolescence, the social adaptation of these patients. General information. In pediatric patients, the fear of re-illness, difficulty in returning to school and in a group of emotionally significant peers, and dependence on significant adults are mentioned. Adolescence introduces additional difficulties in studying the problem. Quality of life after lymphoblastic leukemia. Programs to support cancer patients of childhood and adolescents can significantly reduce the number of complications associated with the psychological and social aspects of the illness. Quality of life for children with cancer and their families. The use of psychotherapeutic trainings for all family, the opportunity to share their experiences in psychotherapeutic groups showed the effectiveness of these measures in the form of reducing the level of anxiety and other psychological consequences. Symptoms of PTSD in children who have had cancer and in children who have experienced other severe stressful events. The level of PTSD symptoms in children who have undergone cancer is higher than in the comparison groups. Fertility and Oncology. Problems with reproductive function after oncological disease significantly affect self-perception, socialization of an adult, and can cause the formation of various depressive and anxious states. Features of adolescent response. Psychological assistance should include teaching constructive strategies for coping with stress, and help restore cognitive functions. Conclusion. There is a need for psychological support of children, adolescents and their families in a difficult period of life, adaptation to the consequences of cancer.
THE ROLE OF MEDICAL AND SANITARY-HYGIENIC EDUCATION OF PARENTS IN MAINTAINING THE DENTAL HEALTH OF CHILDREN
Authors: T.S. Chizhikova , L.I. Agapitov , T.V. Chizhikova , A.V. Kokareva , O.B. Pankratova , D.V. Khusainov
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Assessment of the contribution of sanitary and hygienic education of parents in maintaining the dental health of children is an urgent task of practical health care. 70 children aged 4-6 years were examined. The hygienic condition of the oral cavity, the prevalence of caries and its intensity were evaluated. The parents of the examined children were surveyed in order to determine their medical and sanitary-hygienic literacy, as well as to clarify their attitude to conducting sanitary and educational work. The average value of the Fedorov-Volodkina index in children was 2.03±0.65, while one third of the examined patients showed an insufficient level of oral hygiene. The high prevalence (76%) and intensity (cp(h) 2.1±1.6) of caries were revealed. The relationship between the erroneous ideas of parents about the lack of the need for timely treatment of baby teeth with the unsatisfactory hygienic condition of the oral cavity, the prevalence and intensity of caries is established. The indicator of the relative risk of caries of baby teeth in children with the point of view of their parents that baby teeth can’t be treated was 1.36 (confidence interval 1.08-1.72, p<0.05), and a similar RR in their opinion that children's carious teeth should not be treated, they should be removed was 1.41 (confidence interval 1.14-1.76, p<0.05). The association of dental pathology in the examined children and the low level of medical and sanitary-hygienic knowledge of their parents turned out to be comparable with such a well-known association as frequent acute infectious diseases in children and the development of dental diseases in pediatrics, and is more pronounced than the relationship between the unfavorable course of pregnancy and diseases of the dental apparatus. It is necessary to expand measures for medical and sanitary-hygienic education of parents, the introduction of new forms of interaction between medical personnel and legal representatives of children in order to preserve dental health in pediatrics.
INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE PELVIC ORGANS AS ONE OF THE CAUSES OF FEMALE INFERTILITY
Authors: T.V. Bragina , Yu.A. Petrov , N.V. Palieva
Published: April 2022

Abstract: The problem of inflammatory diseases of the small organs is very urgent, since pathology is registered in 60-65% of women of reproductive age, this indicator has no tendency to decrease. Inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs have an extremely adverse effect on reproductive potential, occupying a leading place in the structure of the causes of female infertility, forming a negative dynamics of demographic indicators in the state, which allows us to consider this problem not only as a medical, but also as a social one. This article highlights the main etiological factors of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, among which the leading role belongs to the bacterial – viral – mycotic association (Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, opportunistic microorganisms (Esherichia coli, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealiticum, Gardnerella vaginalis), HSV type 1 and HSV type 2, CMVI, virus Epstein – Barr, HPV, HIV). Various pathogenetic mechanisms of the impact of microorganisms on the organs of the reproductive system are also highlighted: stimulation of pathoimmunological and pathomorphological changes in the endometrium that prevent the adhesion and implantation of blastocysts and the development of trophoblasts, changes in the receptor field of the endometrium, increased secretion of antisperm antibodies that activate sperm agglutination, which prevents their advancement through the female genital tract, capacitation and fertilization. Some infectious agents are able to adsorb on the surface of spermatozoa, reduce their mobility and prevent penetration. The complex of these influences determines the formation of structural and functional prerequisites for the development of infertility. Inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs are characterized by latent or abortive variants of the course, which significantly complicates their diagnosis at early stages and the appointment of timely and optimal therapy. It is important to note that inflammatory diseases of the reproductive organs can lead to infertility, but also significantly reduce the successful outcome of the use of assisted reproductive technologies.
METHODS FOR OBTAINING AND DETERMINATION OF THE MAIN BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM SUBCRITICAL СО2 - EXTRACT OF CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.
Authors: Y.V. Asaturov , O.A. Semkina , V.N. Dul
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Currently the intensive research is being carried out in the field of technology for obtaining extracts of plant raw materials. What is more, there is the study of the composition of plant extracts and the obtaining of biologically active components of plant in order to pharmaceutical industry uses. One of the actual problems of the plant extraction technologies is the study of the techniques, allowing to extract the complex of plant components without the use of high temperatures. In addition, the issues of environmental safety applied in the practice of plant extraction technologies make additional restrictions on the extractant. One of the most discussed methods of extraction technology is to extract plant compounds using carbon dioxide as an extractant. In this aspect, the most studied method is the technology of producing plant extracts with supercritical fluid extraction. In our work, we describe a method for obtaining a subcritical Capsicum Annuum L. fruit extract, followed by the obtaining of the main plant components responsible for the biological effect of raw material. The method of subcritical CO2 - extraction was obtained by the extract of the fruit of Capsicum Annuum L., the main component of which is capsaicin and the sum of its homologues. The extract was obtained using a subcritical extractor in 65 MPa mode of 23-28c ° at a constant flow of CO2 0.18 kg of CO2 / h for 4 hours. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the subcritical CO2 Capsicum annuum L. fruits extract was identified by GC-MS. The quantitative composition of the obtained capsaicine of Capsicum Annuum L. extract was evaluated by HPLC.
PLATELETS AS A MODEL OF NEURONS IN BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES IN MENTAL DISORDERS
Authors: I.S. Boksha , O.K. Savushkina , T.A. Prokhorova , E.B. Tereshkina , E.A. Vorobyeva , G.Sh. Burbaeva
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Review. Platelets are non-nuclear blood cells, the main function of which is initiation and participation in clotting (blood coagulation cascade). Platelets and neurons differ in their embryonic origin, differentiation, function and localization, but the proteomes of neurons and platelets are similar. Some regulatory proteins are found in both neurons and platelets (for example, reelin, amyloid precursor protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor). Platelets also contain proteins found in neurons: receptors and neurotransmitter transporters, enzymes of neurotransmitter metabolism (for example, monoamine oxidase, glutamate dehydrogenase), enzymes - components of antioxidant glutathione system (glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase), components of protein phosphorylation signaling pathways (protein kinases and their protein substrates). Platelets contain active mitochondria with functionally complete respiratory electron transport chain, and unidirectional changes in the energy metabolism of the brain and changes in mitochondrial platelet activity were found in several pathological cerebral processes. Metabolic profiles of neurons and platelets are similar, in fact, platelets contain a number of neurotransmitters, including γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, serotonin, adrenaline, dopamine, and histamine. The authors support the conception of platelet considering as a model of individual biochemical processes in the brain and the possibility of their use for studying and simulation of some brain pathologies, including mental, neurodegenerative, and neurodevelopmental disorders (schizophrenia, depression, Alzheimer's disease, autism). The authors are currently searching for proteins that can be used as biomarkers of pathological conditions in the brain for the differential diagnosis of mental illness and therapeutic response predicting. Platelets are also used to study the effect of medicines on biochemical processes in clinical trials and to monitor the therapeutic responses.
SOLATION, DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF SAQUINAVIR IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS
Authors: A.E. Mitina , E.A. Illarionova
Published: April 2022

Abstract: HIV infection is one of the socially significant diseases. Saquinavir is an antiretroviral drug. As with all medicines, even with the exact observance of therapy, there is a threat of poisoning. Modern chemical and toxicological analysis do not have methods for isolating, identifying and quantifying saquinavir in biological fluids. This paper presents the results of the development of a technique for isolating, detecting and quantifying saquinavir in model samples of urine, saliva and blood plasma. The isolation of saquinavir from biological objects was carried out using liquid-liquid extraction. The influence of the following extraction factors has been studied: extraction: the nature of the organic solvent, the pH of the medium, the presence of electrolyte, the time and frequency of extraction. Optimal conditions of isolation of saquinavir have been selected: extractant - chloroform, pH 2, electrolyte - 20% sodium chloride solution, single extraction for 3 minutes. The identification of saquinavir in biological objects (urine, saliva, blood plasma) was carried out by thin-layer chromatography, the Rf value of the saquinavir spots obtained after extraction from biological fluids corresponded to the range of Rf values 0.74-0.76. The Rf value of the standard sample of the saquinavir witness was 0.75±0.01. For quantitative determination, UV spectrophotometry was used (solvent - hydrochloric acid solution 0.1 M; analytical wavelength - 321 nm. When using the developed technique, the degree of extraction of saquinavir from a model sample of urine, saliva and blood plasma is 82.4 ± 2.9%; 72.5 ± 3.1% and 78.1 ± 3.5%, respectively. A validation evaluation of the developed methods was carried out, which indicates the suitability of the proposed methods for chemical and toxicological analysis. The relative standard deviation (RSD, %) in the evaluation of convergence and intra-laboratory reproducibility did not exceed 5% for all objects of analysis.
PERSONALIZED APPROACH TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF CHILDREN WITH EXOGENOUS CONSTITUTIONAL OBESITY AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF LEPTIN RESISTANCE
Authors: Y.V. Vladimirova , V.A. Zhirnov , S.N. Reshetova
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Despite the fact that modern society is relatively well informed about the problem of childhood obesity, as well as a lot of work is being done by WHO to eliminate it, leading experts in the field of endocrinology believe that not always due importance is attached to the identification of risk factors, often the diagnosis of "Obesity" is not made in a timely manner and, accordingly, measures are not taken to prevent the development and progression of obesity in children. Modern parents do not consider the excess body weight of the child a pathology. Up to 70% of obese children are monitored only after 6-10 years from the appearance of the first signs of the disease. And on the part of specialists, additional research methods in obese children, which include the assessment of the hormonal profile, are recommended by leading experts only if secondary obesity is suspected. In this approach, it is overlooked that excess body weight and an increase in adipocytes in volume contributes to the production of a giant amount of leptin, which provokes a condition such as leptin resistance. This pathological condition is the leading cause of exogenous constitutional obesity in children today. For these reasons, leptin resistance in children all over the world is not diagnosed in a timely manner and therapy has been carried out unsuccessfully for years without affecting the etiology of the disease. The diagnostic method developed by us, taking into account the clinical signs of the disease, combining at least 5 clinical signs of exogenous constitutional obesity and an increase in the compliance index, allows us to establish leptin resistance without determining the level of leptin.
DISBALANCE OF BIORADICAL PROCESSES AS THE MAIN CAUSE OF DISORGANIZATION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE STRUCTURES IN EXPERIMENTAL PERIODONTITIS
Authors: A.N. Zakhvatov , D.A. Khaydar , V.O. Timoshkin , E.A. Kalabkin , A.Y. Parshina , M.O. Timoshkina , L.S. Potapova
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Relevance. The features of the dynamics of free radical processes, as well as the metabolism of collagen structures of the connective tissue matrix against the background of periodontitis will reveal deeper pathogenetic mechanisms and application points for the introduction of new therapeutic and diagnostic technologies into practice. The purpose of the study. Assessment and establishment of interrelations between the intensity of bio-radical processes and collagen metabolism in dynamics in experimental periodontitis. Materials and methods. The study used 45 white nonlinear rats, on which the model of periodontitis proposed by Shkolnaya K. D., Atrushkevich V.G. (Patent RU No. 2625295 dated 12.07.2017) was reproduced. The total activity of free radical oxidation and the antioxidant potential of the body were monitored by the biochemiluminescence method, and markers of collagen metabolism were recorded. Results. The study revealed a sharp predominance of oxidative processes and the inability of the antioxidant potential to suppress free radical peroxidation, as evidenced by the persistently high levels of total luminescence intensity and biohemiluminescence light sum that persist throughout the experiment, despite dynamic changes. Reactive oxygen species in conditions of progressive chronic inflammation have a damaging effect on collagen fibers, which means they lead to the inevitable destruction of the periodontal complex, which is expressed in the growth of CO and PSO. In addition, there is a significant direct correlation between the dynamics of the intensity of free radical oxidation and the indicators of collagen metabolism.
Conclusion. Thus, oxidative stress, progressing against the background of periodontitis, leads to disorganization of connective tissue structures of the periodontal. In turn, the study confirms the validity of the use of markers of the intensity of free radical oxidation and collagen metabolism to diagnose the severity of the disease and prognosis, as well as the need for the use of antioxidant drugs as part of complex therapy.
METHODOLOGY OF COMMUNICATION OF MILITARY STUDENTS WITH PATIENTS AT CLINICAL DENTAL RECEPTION
Authors: E.G. Borisova , V.V. Balin , N.G. Mashkova , N.A. Borisov
Published: April 2022

Abstract: The effective professional activity of a dentist is due not only to training at a military medical university. Demonstration of the patient at the dentist's appointment is an integral part of teaching dental disciplines at the Higher Military Medical School. The ability to communicate effectively with patients is an important task facing the teacher. Patients always value professional competence, the interaction of the medical staff and a good level of service in the dental office. Patients seeking dental care are quite vulnerable, so they often worry about how they will be treated in the doctor's office. Quite often, they complain about the inability of practicing doctors to listen carefully, to give clear and understandable answers. Ineffective patient communication is an obstacle to dental health. The aim of the study is to analyze the possibilities of optimizing the professional training of a military dentist, aimed at teaching communication with patients and surrounding medical personnel. Materials and methods. The object of the study was students in the specialty "Dentistry" of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov. The assessment of the quality of training was carried out on the basis of a questionnaire and the use of visualization methods. Results and discussion. The main goal of the relationship between a doctor and a patient is to convey to the patient information about the causes of his problems and how to solve them. To win the patient's favor, the dentist must show concern for the patient's problems and feelings. Patients should be aware that they themselves can influence their health and feel comfortable in the doctor's office, and this depends on everyone in the office. It is necessary to organize the interview process in a confidential environment that allows the patient to relax. An empathetic and open-minded behavior builds trust and develops contact. Conclusion - the totality of the complex of spiritual qualities of future military doctors studying in the specialty "Dentistry", the culture of communication with the patient, the appearance of the doctor can reduce the number of medical errors, improve the quality of dental care.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MODERN PROFILE OF PATIENT CULTURE
Authors: D.L. Mushnikov , V.A. Kozlov , A.V. Oleynik , L.G. Ananyina , A.V. Naumov
Published: April 2022

Abstract: The analysis of scientific publications of recent years made it possible to characterize the problematic field of the patient's culture, namely the low level of culture of knowledge and skills of health preservation and disease prevention, the low level of physical culture, the lack of self-preservation behavior skills. At the same time, there are very few scientific works devoted to the study of the culture of patients. The purpose of the study: to characterize the modern profile of patient culture. Research base: medical organizations of the Central Federal District of Russia. Time of the study 2021 Methods: sociological, analytical, documentary. The research program provided for the use of the survey method on the questionnaire "Patient Culture". The volume of the sample population amounted to 400 patients, including: 145 patients of oncological profile, 120 pediatric profile (children aged 14-17 years inclusive), 130 surgical profile. To establish the reliability of the difference in indicators in the comparison groups, the criterion t – Student was used. The differences between the groups were considered significant at p<0.05. Based on the data obtained, a set of proposals was developed to improve the culture of patients. The results of the study showed that the decrease in patient culture is mainly due to such parameters as sanitary culture by 46.7%, information culture by 40%, physical culture by 53.4%, culture of behavior by 30%. It is revealed that the low level of education and low standard of living negatively affects the level of realization of medical culture. An analysis of the cultural level of patients in the profile of care showed that the share of patients with a high level of culture was 34.3% for pediatric services, 44.5% for surgical services, and 24.5% for oncological care. It is proposed to monitor the state of patient culture at the individual, group and social levels, as well as to carry out its targeted correction.
DEVELOPMENT OF THICK EXTRACT TECHNOLOGY OF CORN SILK
Authors: E.B. Nikiforova , K.I. Melkonyan , D.V. Veselova , A.G. Nechaeva , Y.A. Kozmai , T.V. Rusinova
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Effective treatment of wound processes is an urgent task for medical practice. Among the local medications used for these pathologies, hydrogel wound dressings based on biopolymers have become increasingly popular in recent years. Natural gelling agents, along with a positive effect on the healing process, are able to successfully perform the functions of a carrier of other biologically active components. In particular, it seems relevant to introduce into the composition of such hydrogels the extraction complex of maize columns with stigmas, enriched with substances with antioxidant, immunotropic and hemostatic properties. In this regard, it seems expedient to develop a technology for obtaining an extraction complex from maize columns with stigmas in the form of a thick extract. The object of the study was commercial samples of corn columns with stigmas that meet the requirements of regulatory documentation. Determination of extractive substances of plant raw materials, quantitative content of flavonoids, dry residue of extracts, weight loss during drying of a thick extract was carried out by pharmacopoeial methods. Spectrophotometric studies were carried out on a Shimadzu UV-1800 spectrophotometer. As an extractant for extracting the phytocomplex, 70% ethyl alcohol was used. Extraction of raw materials was carried out by vacuum filtration extraction. The alcohol extracts were concentrated using an IR-1M2 rotary evaporator. Grinding of corn columns with stigmas was carried out by crushing with simultaneous attrition using a laboratory two-roll grinder, which ensured the achievement of the raw material characteristics necessary for vacuum filtration extraction. The results of vacuum filtration extraction of corn columns with stigmas showed that the use of this method makes it possible to achieve the transfer of 90,4% of the total amount of biologically active substances and 83,7% of flavonoids into the first three plums, a further increase in the number of plums is inappropriate. In order to remove accompanying substances, the combined extract was kept at a temperature not exceeding 10°C for 2 days, and the precipitate that formed was filtered off. Determination of the content of "dry residue" and flavonoids in the purified extract showed that, as a result of purification, mainly associated substances were in the sediment, while the active substances remained in a dissolved state in the composition of the extract. In order to obtain a thick extract, the extract was concentrated using a rotary evaporator at a temperature of 50-60°C to the required consistency and a residual moisture content of no more than 25%.
CALCIFIED AORTIC STENOSIS IN THE STRUCTURE OF AORTIC VALVE PATHOLOGY
Authors: A.V. Gordienko , N.N. Shikhverdiev , Chumak Chumak , A.V. Sotnikov
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Relevance. The last decade has been characterized by a steady increase in the incidence of calcified aortic stenosis. For a long time, rheumatic lesion was considered the main cause of aortic valve damage, however, in the course of our study, it was revealed that the incidence of aortic stenosis by etiology has changed significantly over the past ten years.
Aim. To evaluate the frequency of occurrence of prosthetic defects of the aortic valve (AV) and their etiology in a cardiac surgery hospital over a 10-year period in order to improve the provision of care to this category of patients and outcomes.
Material and methods. A retrospective study of the results of AV prosthetics performed in the cardiosurgical hospital was performed. We studied 849 cases of aortic valve replacement (626 (74%) men, 223 (26%) women). Average age of patients: 51.8±9.7 years.
Results. Based on the analysis of the aortic valve prosthetics operations of the cardiac surgical hospital of the Military Medical Academy, the following ratio of causes of aortic stenosis in frequency of occurrence was revealed: calcification of the aortic valve is 70% (95% CI: 63.0 - 74.8%), infectious endocarditis is 17% (95% CI: 11.5 - 21%), rheumatic genesis is 13% (95% CI: 8.2 — 16.4%) and bicuspid aortic valve according to our data is 0 - 2% of all causes of aortic stenosis.
The prevalence of calcified aortic stenosis in the structure of aortic valve pathology has led to a revision of the problem of aortic stenosis as a whole. The absence of etiotropic treatment makes it impossible to slow down the progression of the disease and prevent the development of severe stages of stenosis requiring surgical intervention. The presence of such forms as low-current low-gradient aortic stenosis with preserved and/or reduced ejection fraction is characterized by significant difficulties in adequately assessing the severity of aortic stenosis, due to the fact that these forms of stenosis do not fit the criteria of modern classification by severity. At the same time, underestimating the severity of aortic stenosis can lead to incorrect tactics for further management of the patient.
Conclusions. Having investigated the frequency of occurrence of various causes of aortic stenosis over the past ten years, a significant increase in the frequency of occurrence of calcified aortic stenosis was revealed. This trend is accompanied by a number of problems directly related to calcified aortic stenosis and uncharacteristic for rheumatic genesis, which for a long time occupied a leading position in the structure of aortic valve pathology.
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY OF DRY POLYFRACTION EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF ALFREDIA DROOPING (ALFREDIA CERNUA L.)
Authors: N.N. Semenova , D.V. Kompantsev , T.A. Shatalova , L.A. Michnik , A.M. Shevchenko
Published: April 2022

Abstract: The aboveground part of Alfredia drooping is a source of vegetable raw materials with a nootropic effect. The purpose of the research is to develop the technology of polyfraction dry extract (polyextract) alfredia, a product that is stable during storage and does not contain ethanol. We used liquid extracts from the lower petiole leaves of alfredia as objects of research. They were obtained by sequentially extracting the same portion of raw materials 95%, 70%, 55%, 40%, 30%, 25% ethanol and purified water. To obtain dry extracts stable during storage, we used the technology of adsorption of liquid extracts on non-hygroscopic excipients (lactose, sodium croscarmellose, primogel (sodium carboxymethyl starch), polyplasdon Ultra). This allowed us to prevent dampening of the substance-extract complex, improve solubility and release of biologically active substances from their complexes. The technology of dry polyfraction extract was developed on the basis of seven liquid extracts from the lower petiole leaves of Alfredia cernua as a result of the conducted research. We have carried out the selection of an auxiliary adsorbent (polyplasdon Ultra) for liquid extracts of alfredia (extractants: ethanol 95%, 70%, 55%, 40%, 30%), absorbing up to 350% of extracts and releasing about 90% of the flavonoid complex when dissolved in purified water at a temperature of 37 ° C in 45 minutes. The composition of Alfredia polyextract was established. Extracts (extractants: ethanol 95%, 70%, 55%, 40%, 30%), adsorbed on polyplasdon Ultra, and water dried extracts (extractants 25% and purified water) must be mixed in the ratio 0,6:1,2:3,8:4,6:3:2:1,7, accordingly. The dose of alfredia dry polyextract for a single dose was determined - 1.41 g.
THE USE OF BIOMIMETIC NANOCRYSTALS ZN-CARBONATE HYDROXYAPATITE IN THE TREATMENT OF LOCALIZED HYPERSENSITIVITY OF HARD TISSUES OF TEETH
Authors: N.N. Shurova , T.P. Goryacheva , O.A. Aleshina
Published: April 2022

Abstract: The problem of hypersensitivity of hard tissues of teeth remains relevant in modern dentistry to this day. Despite the fact that the market of dental products is saturated with ultramodern means to reduce the sensitivity of hard tissues of teeth, the issue associated with the relief of pain remains open. To develop a new approach to solving this problem, localized hypersensitivity of the 2nd degree of hard dental tissues was treated in 40 patients aged 20 to 45 years of both sexes. According to the concept of biomimetic/bioemulation, which became the scientific basis for the study, a toothpaste containing a mixture of bioactive microparticles of carbonate hydroxyapatite with zinc-substituted, similar to the structure of human teeth (biomimetic nanocrystals microRepair®) was used. There was a statistically significant prolonged decrease in the sensitivity of hard tooth tissues when using professional toothpaste with bioactive microparticles, provided its combined use in clinical conditions and at home, with daily use in the form of brushing teeth, compared with its single-component application at a specialist's appointment.
Hydrogen adsorption and storage on palladium-functionalized C20 bowl and C20H10 bowl molecule including hydrogen saturation
Authors: Shayanmehr S. , Ghiasi R. , Mirza B. , Mohtat B.
Published: April 2022

This study investigated hydrogen molecule adsorbing on palladium-functionalized C20 bowl and its H-saturated form (C20H10 bowl) using the B3LYP-D3 model. Moreover, this study examined the stability of different isomers of hydrogen adsorption. The values of adsorption energy were calculated in the investigated systems. This study demonstrated changes in the dipole moment and structural parameters. Additionally, this study indicated the differences in the frontier orbital energy and HOMO—LUMO gap values. Electrophilicity-based charge transfer showed charge transfer between fragments. Furthermore, this study also computed the hydrogen molecule's recovery duration in the investigated systems. In addition, the present study showed the field emission features of the examined system.
Undrained shear strength correlation analysis based on vane tests in the Jacarepaguá Lowlands, Brazil
Authors: Baroni Magnos , Almeida Marcio
Published: April 2022

The test sites analyzed here consist of clay deposits located in the Jacarepaguá Lowlands in Rio de Janeiro, characterized by high plasticity, high compressibility and low undrained shear strength. The deposits are made up of lightly overconsolidated aged clays, montmorillonite being the predominant clay mineral. Soft clay deposits are usually superficial, with thicknesses generally varying between 6 m and 17 m and geologically recent and originated from marine regressions and transgressions, that occurred between 6000 and 3500 years ago. The objective of this study is to analyze a large database of undrained shear strength measurements obtained by 461 vane tests performed at 15 different sites. In general, most of the data correspond to very soft clays, with undrained shear strength values lower than 25 kPa. The undrained shear strength measurements are correlated with plasticity index and with maximum excess pore pressure, measured with piezocone tests. The method for estimating the undrained shear strength su(DT) of soil from the excess pore pressure generated during piezocone dissipation tests proposed by Mantaras et al. (2015) was validated against the vane test database.
“There Are No Obstacles to Issuing Permits to the Said Merchants…” Letters of the Military Governor of the Ural Oblast N. A. Verevkin to the Orenburg Governor General N. A. Kryzhanovskii (1872–73)
Authors:   Orenburg State Pedagogical University, Orenburg, Russian Federation, Abdrakhmanov Konstantin A.
Published: April 2022

The article presents previously unpublished correspondence between the Orenburg Governor General N. A. Kryzhanovskii and the Military Governor of the Ural Oblast N. A. Verevkin concerning alcoholic beverages distribution by individuals in the steppe fortifications. The messages are written in an official style, as befits the position of correspondents. When describing the documents, the principle of contextual-historical analysis has been applied to establish connections between historical situation and conditions of documents’ creation. The article is to make archival information available to researchers of regional history, administration in the Russian periphery in the 19th century, and pre-revolutionary entrepreneurship, as well as to anyone interested in history. The current assessment of spheres of interaction between state and private sector of economy makes the analysis of such cooperation in historical retrospect more relevant. The problem of regulating the alcohol market, quite relevant in modern Russia, was also reflected in official papers. The analytical part of the study attempts to give an impression of administrative structure of the Orenburg Governorate in the 1870s and is territorial division and raises the question of motives of commanding officers of forts and higher regional authorities in their favorable response to entrepreneurs’ petitions. Despite their relative brevity, the messages contain much information on history and regional lore. They provide names of some Orenburg merchants, outline geography of the alcohol trade outside cities of the Orenburg region, permit to assess the scale of organizational problems. The archival data shows the ambivalent position of commanders who required continuous shipments of wine, food, and basic necessities, but needed to prevent binge drinking of the personnel. The algorithm for processing documents to license sale of weak and strong alcohol inside fortress walls reflects enormousness of bureaucratic apparatus in the gubernia and nationwide. The article concludes that motives of favorable decisions of the Orenburg Governor Generalship administration on the entrepreneurs’ petitions remain unclear, and therefore, the nature of relations between merchants and regional administration in sphere of alcohol shipments to steppe fortresses requires further research.
Revisiting the Creation of Colonel D. A. Vyrubov’s Album from the Fonds of the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (the Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Its Real Author
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Druzhinina Inga A.
Published: April 2022

The article for the first time raises the question of authorship of one of the key sources on archaeology and ethnography of the peoples of the North Caucasus, first and foremost the Balkars, Kabardins, Karachais, and Abazins — an album with watercolour drawings of fortresses, churches, funerary monuments, elements of costume of mountain peoples, etc. stored in the fonds of the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (the Kunstkamera). This source is known in historiography under the name of its first owner, D.A. Vyrubov, head of the Nalchik district of the Terek region. The article argues that the author of the album was Ivan A. Vladimirov (1869-1947), Russian and later Soviet artist, archaeologist, and military correspondent. Handwriting experts' examination of handwritten notes in the album and I.A. Vladimirov’s reports on archaeological investigations conducted in the Nalchik district confirms this; chronology and geography of the album coincides with I.A. Vladimirov's travels to the Caucasus. There is interconnected and complementary information on a number of archaeological and ancient architectural monuments, as well as on people who supported Vladimirov in his field research — Dimitri Alekseyevich Vyrubov, the chief of the Nalchik district, and Dadashe Dohshukovich Balkarokov, a Chegem taubian. It is shown that the period from 1892 to 1898, that is, from I.A. Vladimirov’s first appearance in the Nalchik district to Colonel D.A. Vyrubov’s transfer to Vladikavkaz, is the most probable time of the album’s creation. Establishing the identity of the artist who created the album has significantly broadened the information capacity of the source itself, as it now can be considered in conjunction with I. A. Vladimirov's scientific accounts of his archaeological work. This, in turn, facilitates identification of a number of objects, including ancient half-destroyed Christian church near Bylym village. In addition, comparative study of the sources has yielded new information on the monuments. Thus, the album contains drawings and measurements of mausoleums and crypts near the village of Gundelen, church on the Kisanty river, mausoleums and tombs in the same area, while I.A. Vladimirov’s report contains photos of these objects, their site layout plan and drawings. Some previously unknown facts from the history of the first archaeological expedition conducted by I.A. Vladimirov in 1896 have also been revealed.
From the History of the State Council of the Russian Empire: 1810–2021
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Korneva Nadezda V. , Raskin David I. ,   St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: April 2022

The article is to highlight the history of the Archive of the State Council. In its composition and content of its materials, this archive was one of the most important in the system of departmental archives of the Russian Empire. At present, the archival fonds of the State Council are a valuable part of the Archival Fond of the Russian Federation. The history of the Archive of the State Council has not been sufficiently studied. Until now, it has not been the subject of special research. The article is to showcase the history of archival theory and archiving in pre-revolutionary Russia in a case-study of the history of the Archive of the State Council and to trace the fate of one of the most important documents collections on the history of the Russian Empire. The article is based on unpublished archival documents, as well as on available research on the history of archiving in Russia and on the history of the formation of the State Council’s reference apparatus. The Archive of the State Council was created simultaneously with the State Council itself as a structural part of the State Chancellery. The archive received current documents on the activities of the State Council, its structural parts, as well as its various temporary committees, commissions, and meetings. The archive also stored documents of higher institutions — predecessors of the State Council. Despite the State Council’s eminence in the system of institutions of the Russian Empire, its archival staff remained insufficient, state of reference apparatus unsatisfactory. The latter was due to the peculiarities of the State Chancellery office work. However (in contrast to other departmental archives), the files that entered the archive were, as a rule, preserved. The second half of the 19th century saw an improvement in the archive’s reference apparatus. The archive proceeded from alphabetical indexes in the form of books to alphabetical index cards. The card index of the State Council Archive became one of the largest and most efficient. It was a prototype of the future archival catalogues. In 1908–14, there were published 17 volumes of the State Council Archive’s series. The archive was available to historians. On June 1, 1918, the archive became a part of the Unified State Archival Fond of the RSFSR. It was preserved from destruction and inappropriate re-systematization.
Hattat bir şair: Sa’yî Çelebi ve gazelleri
Authors: TURAN Selami , DUMAN Filiz
Published: April 2022

16. yüzyıl Osmanlı Devleti’nin askerî, siyasî, ilmî yönden zirveye ulaştığı bir asırdır. Bu yüzyılda özellikle Kanuni Sultan Süleyman döneminde her alanda olduğu gibi edebiyat alanında da ilerlemeler kaydedilmiştir. Birçok şairin yetiştiği yüzyılda başka mesleklere sahip şahsiyetler, şiir alanında da kendini göstermiştir. Hekim, müderris, nakkaş, elçi, vezir, ressam gibi mesleklere sahip olup şairlikle de meşgul olan kişiler mevcuttur. Bu yüzyılda hattatlıkla iştigal edip ayrıca şairlik yapan elli sekiz şahsiyet tespit edilmiştir. Bu şairlerden birisi de Memikzâde Ramazan Sa’yî Çelebi’dir. Sa’yî Çelebi’nin asıl mesleği hattatlıktır. Şair, özellikle nestalik yazıda eşi ve benzeri olmayan usta bir hattattır. Bu mesleğinin yanında, kâtiplik ve kadılık görevlerinde Osmanlı Devleti’nin çeşitli vilayetlerinde görevlerde bulunmuştur. Çelebi’nin edebiyatımızı ilgilendiren yönü, onun genellikle âşıkâne tarzda yazdığı gazelleridir. Bu gazellerin yanı sıra rindâne ve şuhâne muhtevalı şiirlere de şair eserinde yer vermiştir. Beyitlerinde yaptığı teşbihlerle hayal gücünün zenginliğini ortaya koyan şair, eserinde kırk beş gazel kaleme almıştır. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde şairin hayatı, edebî kişiliği hakkında bilgi verilmiş, gazelleri üzerine incelemeler yapılmıştır. Şairin gazellerindeki aruz vezinleri tespit edilerek, bu vezinlerin kullanım sıklığı üzerinde durulmuştur. Ayrıca şiirlerindeki kafiye ve redifler de incelenerek gazellerin şekil özellikleri verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise şairin şiirleri günümüz Türkçesine transkribe edilmiştir. Çalışmada divan şiirinin inceliklerine hattat bir şairin mısralarından bakılmıştır.
Geleneksel eril aktarımdan modern kadın yazınına: Christa Wolf’un Kassandra alımlaması – Bir karşı okuma
Authors: AYDIN Yıldız , ÖĞRETMEN ASLAN Semra
Published: April 2022

Demokratik Almanya Cumhuriyeti’nin (Doğu Almanya) tartışmalı yazarları arasında yer alan Christa Wolf (1929-2011), Kassandra (1983) adlı yapıtında Troya savaşını ve yıkılışını alışılagelenin dışında gözler önüne sermiştir. Yapıt yayımlandıktan kısa bir süre sonra Doğu Almanya’nın yıkılışını ve gerekli önlemlerin alınmaması durumunda bir devletin nasıl felakete sürüklenebileceğini öngören bir öykü olarak yorumlanmıştır. 1989 yılında Berlin Duvarı’nın yıkılmasının ardından Doğu Almanya’nın Federal Almanya Cumhuriyeti’ne katılarak tarih sahnesinden silinmesi, yapıtın söz konusu öngörülerini yanıltmamıştır. Öte yandan yapıtın başka bir sorunsalı daha vardır ki bu da mitsel kadın figürlerin eril inşasıdır. Bilinen klasik Yunan mitolojisinde Kassandra yaklaşan felaketleri öngören, ancak kimseyi kendisine inandıramayan bilici, rahibe, deli, kara kâhin olarak geçmektedir. Bilicilik yetisini tanrı Apollon’dan aldıktan sonra söz verdiği halde onunla birlikte olmayı reddettiği için lanetlenmiştir. Mitsel bir kadın figür olarak Kassandra’ya dair bilinen bu geleneksel imgeler Homeros, Aiskhylos ve Euripides gibi antik dönem ozanları tarafından inşa edilmiş ve tarihten günümüz dünyasına kadar aktarılagelmiştir. 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında artan feminist çalışmaların ve kadın hareketinin etkisiyle yazın tarihi yeniden okumalara tabi tutulmuş, eril inşa geleneksel kadın imgeleri mercek altına alınmış, sorgulanmış ve tartışmaya açılmıştır. Bu eleştirel çalışmalarla birlikte Kassandra’nın yeniden canlandırılma süreci başlamış ve süregelenden farklı bir eğsinim ortaya çıkmıştır. Christa Wolf, döneminin güncel sorunları ve tartışmalarından hareketle yazın tarihine, mitolojiye, mitsel kadın figürlere yönelmiş ve Kassandra’yı kadın bakış açısıyla yeniden ele alarak Troya savaşının yanı sıra alışılagelinin dışında bir Kassandra imgesi ortaya koymuştur. Wolf’un da katkısıyla Kassandra bu süreçte, tarihte ezilen ve sözü elinden alınan kadınların simgesi haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada alımlama, okuma ve yazma edimlerinin cinsiyeti olduğunu savunan, geleneksel kadın imgelerini yapısöküme uğratan, kadın bakış açısını dikkate alan feminist kuramdan hareketle Christa Wolf’un mitosa yaklaşırken nasıl bir yol izlediğini, geleneksel Kassandra karakterini nasıl okuduğunu ve yorumladığını çözümlemek erek edinilmiştir.