bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainability-Oriented Innovation in the Cocoa Industry: A Case Study in Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Fernanda Santana da Silva , Fedato Érica Trica , Neco Mayara de Oliveira , Alves Fernanda Salvador
Published: February 2025

Sustainability is a challenge for contemporary society and a potential source of innovation for organizations. This qualitative case study analyzed, through secondary data, what innovations (product, process, organizational, marketing) are developed by Dengo Chocolates (an industry in the Brazilian cocoa sector) in pursuit of the sustainability tripod. The results indicate that the company develops the four types of innovation, with an emphasis on product innovation. The environmental dimension of sustainability is more affected by its innovations, to the detriment of the economic dimension. Future studies can investigate the economic sustainability of companies with a socio-environmental purpose. Furthermore, it is suggested that additional studies be carried out on Sustainability-Oriented Innovation in small and medium-sized Brazilian companies, considering that these constitute most commercial enterprises in the country.
Performance of Concrete Containing Water-Hyacinth Ash (Wha) as a Cement Replacement: Fresh and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Omran Ahmed , Soliman Nancy
Published: February 2025

Considerable efforts are exerted worldwide to use local and waste materials to avoid stockpiling and conserving the environment. The current research investigates the possibility of using the ash produced from the water-hyacinth plant, which causes enormous environmental problems, as a partial cement replacement. The study revealed that under certain burning and grinding conditions, the water-hyacinth ash (WHA) has amorphous and pozzolanic characteristics. The research presents the fresh and mechanical performances of the WHA in paste, mortar, and concrete mixtures. The experimental evaluation included two WHA burning conditions (in the open air for 60 min and closed oven at 600oC for 30 min), different cement replacement ratios (5%, 10%, 15%) by WHA, and the use of three coarse aggregate types. The results illustrate that the WHA is a pozzolanic material that contributes to strength gain over time. The concrete containing WHA showed better performance than the control made with only Portland cement and comparable behavior to mixtures containing 10% silica fume. Based on the current study, the 10% WHA replacement ratio to cement can be considered optimum. The two WHA types obtained from the two different burning methods yielded a slight difference in performance, and the choice should be optimized based on environmental conservation.
Surgical Options for Hallux Rigidus Based on Etiology: A Review and Commentary
Authors: Nakajima Kenichiro
Published: February 2025

In 1927, Cochrane noted that the elastic resistance in hallux dorsiflexion remained after cheilectomy or dorsiflexion osteotomy of the metatarsal head. This hallux rigidus was attributed to the shortening and tightness of the soft tissues below the first metatarsophalangeal joint. A novel surgery was devised, wherein the plantar tissues were divided through a plantar approach, resulting in favorable outcomes in 12 patients. This revolutionary surgical technique directly addressed the cause of hallux rigidus, but this is not done by the current surgeries. This paper offers a critical review of the current surgeries for hallux rigidus. First, we reviewed the literature on the etiologies of hallux rigidus, dorsal impingement, functional hallux rigidus, hallux primus elevatus, and long metatarsal, then reviewed studies on metatarsal decompression osteotomy, metatarsal dorsiflexion osteotomy, and cheilectomy. Finally, we reviewed the studies on arthroscopic cheilectomy and explored the feasibility of arthroscopic surgery, including the arthroscopic Cochrane procedure, for hallux rigidus.
Oncological Complications of Liver Transplant: A Narrative Re-View on De Novo and Donor-Transmitted Cancers
Authors: Li Cavoli Tancredi Vincenzo , Curto Armando , Lynch Erica Nicola , Galli Andrea
Published: February 2025

Liver transplantation (LT) has deeply transformed the treatment of end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, offering the most effective therapy for many liver conditions. However, LT carries inherent risks, including the develop-ment of cancers, which can arise from the transmission of neoplastic cells from the donor, the recurrence of pre-existing cancers, or as a long-term effect of the transplant originating from the recipient's own cells. The development of cancer in LT recipients is influenced by a variety of factors, such as age, gender, race, the underlying cause of liver disease, lifestyle factors (like alcohol use and smoking), and the use of immunosuppressive therapy. These combined factors increase the susceptibility of LT recipients to several types of cancer, including skin cancers, gastrointestinal malignancies, and lym-phoproliferative disorders.
While long-term survival after LT has significantly improved, there has been a notable increase in the incidence of de novo malignancies, which underscores the importance of diligent cancer screening and monitoring in transplant recipients, especially as they age. To manage this increased risk, various screening programs are recommended, including annual skin exams, colonoscopies for patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and lung cancer screening with low-dose CT for former smokers.
When cancer is detected in LT recipients, reducing immunosuppression is a crucial strategy. Decreasing calcineurin in-hibitors (CNIs) and integrating mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) provide promising avenues for balancing immunological con-trol with oncological risk. Understanding these risk factors and adjusting immunosuppression appropriately is vital for improving cancer outcomes in LT recipients. Although evidence from LT-specific studies remains limited, insights from other solid organ transplant (SOT) settings, especially kidney transplants, offer valuable guidance in managing cancer risks in LT recipients. This narrative review focuses on prevention and management of de novo and donor-transmitted malignancies.
Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene-Based Hybrid Photocatalysts in Organic Dye Degradation: A Review
Authors: Seling Tank , Songsart-Power Mackenzie , Shringi Amit , Paudyal Janak , Yan Fei , Limbu Tej B.
Published: February 2025

This review provides an overview of the fabrication methods for Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene-based hybrid photocatalysts and evaluates their role in degrading organic dye pollutants. Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene has emerged as a promising material for hybrid photocatalysts due to its high metallic conductivity, excellent hydrophilicity, strong molecular adsorption, and efficient charge transfer. These properties facilitate faster charge separation and minimize electron-hole recombination, leading to exceptional photodegradation performance, long-term stability, and significant attention in dye degradation applications. Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene-based hybrid photocatalysts significantly improve dye degradation efficiency, as evidenced by higher percentage degradation and reduced degradation time compared to conventional semiconducting materials. This review also highlights computational techniques employed to assess and enhance the performance of Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene-based hybrid photocatalysts for dye degradation. It identifies the challenges associated with Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene-based hybrid photocatalyst research and proposes potential solutions, outlining future research directions to address these obstacles effectively.
Influence of PAC, a Curcumin Analog Inhibitor of NF-κB, on the Radiosensitivity of Breast Tumor Cells
Authors: Alzeer Reema , Al-Harbi Najla , Al-Ghamdi Maha , Bin Judia Sara , Alotaibi Basem , Alsuliman Abdullah , Al-Hadyan Khaled , Almeer Rafa , Alsbeih Ghazi
Published: February 2025

The search for NF-κB blockers to optimize antioxidants and counteract inflammation and carcinogenesis has identified several promising natural compounds, encompassing curcumin. Nonetheless, despite the pleiotropic health attributes of curcumin and established safety, its in vivo efficacy is limited by its poor pharmacokinetic properties, primarily due to its low bioavailability because of its low free serum concentrations and short half-life. To overcome these restrictions, we investigated the efficacy of the synthetic curcumin analog PAC in breast cancer cells. Additionally, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines were employed to explore the anticancer effects of PAC by assessing cell viability, apoptosis, clonogenic survival, and the expression of NF-κB, p53, Bcl-2, and Bax. Our results validate that PAC effectively inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. PAC also significantly enhances the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells, indicating a potential synergistic effect with radiation therapy. Mechanistically, PAC exerts anticancer effects by inhibiting NF-κB signaling and modulating apoptotic genes like p53, Bax, and Bcl-2. These findings highlight its potential as a breast cancer therapeutic, enhancing existing treatments.
New Algorithm for Entanglement Swapping
Authors: Ji Zhaoxu , Zhang Huanguo
Published: February 2025

Entanglement swapping has important applications in various fields such as quantum information processingand the preparation of entangled states. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for deriving entanglement swapping results. The basic idea of our algorithm is to deduce the entanglement swapping results from all possible observation results, which is simpler than existing algorithms. We demonstrate the algorithm by the entanglement swapping between two bipartite entangled states, and derive the results of entanglement swapping between two 2-level Bell states, which are consistent with those obtained through algebraic calculations.
Effects of ECAP and Recovery Treatment on Microstructure, Mechanical, Tribological and Corrosion Properties of 316L Steel
Authors: Radnia Ata , Ketabchi Mostafa , He Anqiang , Diao Guijiang , Li Dongyang
Published: February 2025

316L steel is widely used in various industries and is also one of the metallic materials for biomedical applications because of its excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. This article reports a comprehensive study on the effects of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and subsequent recovery treatment on the microstructure, mechanical, tribiological, and corrosion properties of 316L. The process includes initial annealing at 1050℃ for 2 hours to get homogenous microstructure, ECAP at room temperature with 120° inner angle, and subsequent recovery treatment at 340℃ for 1 hour. Microstructure was investigated with an optical microscope and transmission electron microscope. The mechanical properties were evaluated with hardness and compression tests. Corrosion behavior was analyzed with polarization dynamic tests. The wear test was performed using a scratching tester, and the volume loss was measured with a profilometer. Results of the study show that the ECAP-recovery sample exhibits improved properties than the annealed sample and ECAP sample. The corrosion tests show that the ECAP sample has a corrosion resistance higher than that of the annealed but lower than that of the ECAP-recovery sample. ECAP-recovery sample shows the highest wear resistance and corrosive wear resistance among the three samples
Social Acceptability of Waste-to-Energy: Research Hotspots, Technologies, and Factors
Authors: Agaton Casper Boongaling , Santos Marween Joshua A.
Published: February 2025

Waste-to-energy (WtE) are clean technologies that support a circular economy by providing solutions to managing non-recyclable waste while generating alternative energy sources. Despite the promising benefits, technology adoption is challenged by financing constraints, technical maturity, environmental impacts, supporting policies, and public acceptance. A growing number of studies analyzed the acceptability of WtE and identified the factors affecting the adoption of WtE technologies. This study aims to analyze these research hotspots, technologies, and acceptability factors by combining bibliometric and systematic analyses. Initial search from Web of Science and Scopus databases identified 1328 unique documents, and the refinement resulted in 109 for data analysis. The results present a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art, providing researchers bases for future research directions. Among the WtE technologies in the reviewed literature are incineration, anaerobic digestion, gasification, and pyrolysis, with limited studies about refuse-derived fuel and landfilling with gas recovery. The identified common factors include perceived risks, trust, attitudes, perceived benefits, ‘Not-In-My-BackYard’ (NIMBY), awareness, and knowledge. Moreover, the findings present valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and WtE project planners to support WtE adoption while achieving sustainable, circular, and low-carbon economies.
The Importance of One Health in Preventing the Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza/H5N1
Authors: Hayashi Takuma , Acharya Krishna Prasad , Phuyal Sarita , Konishi Ikuo
Published: February 2025

Infections with H5N1, a type of pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, are spreading among livestock farmers, particularly among dairy cows in the United States. Until now, HPAI/H5N1 has rarely infected humans, but transmission from H5N1-infected dairy cows to dairy workers has been reported. Additionally, cases of human-to-human transmission of H5N1 have been reported. It is thought that perhaps, during the process of repeated amplification and replication of H5N1 viral genes in the mammary tissue of dairy cows, genetic mutations occurred that make H5N1 more susceptible to human infection. As more human spillover events are identified, there is pressing need to apply a one health approach to better characterize circulating highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses in wild migratory birds globally. It is important to develop a comprehensive international strategy for surveillance and monitoring systems in wild birds so the epidemiology of HPAI can be compared between countries and regions. In this review, we discusse the importance of One Health in preventing the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza/H5N1.
Smart, Sustainable Living: The Importance of Environmental Intelligence
Authors: Precey Robin
Published: February 2025

This article postulates that social, emotional and environmental intelligences are interconnected as well as inextricably linked to the principle of relationships. It defines these and goes deeper into explaining the elements of Environmental Intelligence providing real life examples as well as provocative questions. It offers practical and positive examples of how the climate change Titanic may be turned around. Education is seen as the core component of change.
N-Alkyl-2-(2-undecyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetamides as An-tiproliferative Agents for Invasive Breast Cancer. Design, Syn-thesis, In Vitro Activity, and Computational Studies
Authors: Al Khzem Abdulaziz H. , El Rayes Samir M. , Ali Ibrahim A. I. , Fathalla Walid , Alturki Mansour S. , Gomaa Mohamed S. , Tawfeeq Nada , Sarafroz Mohammad , Al Mouslem Abdulaziz K. , Alnaim Ahmed S. , Sarhan Moustafa , Alhamyani Feihad Y. , Rants’o Thankhoe A
Published: February 2025

One of the most dangerous types of breast cancer that can spread from its original location to neighboring tissues is invasive breast cancer. Cathepsins, a group of proteolytic enzymes, has been thoroughly investigated in relation to cancer progression and has been shown to be crucial for the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells. A series of new N-alkyl-2-(2-undecyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl) acetamides were prepared from 2-(2-undecyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)ethanhydrazide via azide coupling method with a variety of amines. The new compounds were designed to inhibit proliferation of breast cancer cells based on inhibition of the selectively and highly expressed cathepsin K. The compounds were tested for their antiproliferative activity on four cancer cell lines, namely, A549, MDA-MB231, MCF-7, U87, and HEK293 to elucidate their preferential activity on invasive breast cancer cells. The results showed that most compounds exerted enhanced activity against MDA-MD231 compared to other cell lines. Compounds 7h, 7i, 7a, and 7j showed the highest inhibition with IC50s of 17, 27, 38, and 67 μg/ml respectively. Compounds 7a, and 7j showed the highest selectivity to MDA-MD231 in terms of degree of inhibition. Molecular docking supported the cathepsin K mediated activity where compound 7i, the most potent compound, showed the best docking score of -7.126 with a low RMSD to the co-crystallized ligand pose. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated that 7i maintained stability within the binding pocket with minimal fluctuations. The postulated lipo-philicity impact on activity was evaluated through LLE calculations, where values for the most active compounds demonstrated that optimal potency was frequently associated with moderate lipophilicity, as seen in compound 7i (LLE = 2.69). Thus, the developed compounds are promising antiproliferative agents for invasive breast cancer where a cathepsin inhibition pathway is implicated.
Evaluating the Readability and Quality of AI-Generated Scoliosis Education Materials: A Comparative Analysis of Five Language Models
Authors: Zhao Mengchu , He Haoning , Zhou Mi , Han Yexi , Song Xiaomei , Zhou Youbin
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Accurate and comprehensible health information is essential for medical decision-making, yet AI-generated health content varies in readability and quality. In adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), where treatment decisions depend on complex factors, the reliance on AI-generated materials raises concerns about accuracy and accessibility. This study evaluates the readability and quality of AI-generated scoliosis education materials to assess their effectiveness in improving health literacy. Methods: Five AI models (ChatGPT-4o, ChatGPT-o1, ChatGPT-o3 mini-high, DeepSeek-V3, DeepSeek-R1) were tested on three scoliosis-related inquiries. Readability was assessed using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) and Reading Ease Score (FRES), while content quality was evaluated using the DISCERN score. Statistical analyses were performed in R-Studio. Results: DeepSeek-R1 achieved the lowest FKGL (6.2) and the highest FRES (64.5), indicating superior readability. In contrast, ChatGPT-o1 and ChatGPT-o3 mini-high scored above FKGL 12.0, requiring college-level reading skills. Despite readability differences, DISCERN scores remained stable across models (~50.5), suggesting comparable content quality. However, all responses lacked citations, limiting reliability. Conclusion: AI-generated scoliosis education materials vary significantly in readability, with DeepSeek-R1 being the most accessible. Future AI models should enhance readability without compromising information accuracy and integrate real-time citation mechanisms for improved trustworthiness.
Enhancing Biometric Security Through Blood Circulation-Based Fingerprinting: A Novel Approach
Authors: Rony Chowdhury Muhammad Abu Naser , Ahmed Mohammad Naveed
Published: February 2025

Biometric security systems have become a cornerstone of modern authentication technologies. Traditional fingerprint systems, while widely adopted, are susceptible to spoofing and other security vulnerabilities. This paper introduces a novel approach to biometric security by leveraging the unique blood circulation patterns within fingerprints. We explore the underlying technology, its advantages over traditional methods, and potential applications. Additionally, we present a comparative analysis of traditional fingerprint systems and blood flow-based biometric systems, supported by detailed diagrams and tables. Finally, we discuss various sales models tailored to this innovative technology, providing insights into its commercial viability. The findings suggest that blood flow-based biometric systems offer enhanced security, live verification, and reduced error rates, making them a promising solution for high-security applications.
Postherpetic Pseudolymphomatous Angiosarcoma Concealed Within Milia En Plaque: Expanding the Spectrum of Wolf Isotopic Response with a Literature Review
Authors: Corral-Forteza Marina , Pérez-Muñoz Noelia , Fernández-Figueras Maria-Teresa
Published: February 2025

The development of cutaneous lesions in areas of the skin previously affected by a healed, unrelated disease is known as the Wolf isotopic response (WIR). The most common scenario of WIR is reactions following herpes zoster, although it has been reported in many other settings. These affected areas are though to suffer from immune system dysregulation, lymphatic vessel dysfunction, and altered neuromediator activity, leading to increased susceptibility to inflammatory, neoplastic, and infectious pathologies. This phenomenon falls under the broader concept of the “immunocompromised district”, which also includes the Koebner phenomenon and its reverse. We report the case of a 96-year-old woman who developed multiple cysts and comedones at the site of a healed herpes zoster. Persistent and intractable inflammation prompted curettage of the lesions, and histopathological examination revealed an angiosarcoma with a pseudolymphomatous reaction interspersed among the cysts. The coexistence of multiple types of WIR is rare but not exceptional, underscoring the need for awareness of the wide spectrum of pathologies that can arise in such settings. In this review, we provide an updated explanation of current pathogenic theories and a practical compilation of postherpetic reactions reported to date.
Adapting the WHO Behavioural and Social Drivers of Vaccination (BeSD) Tools and Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) Scale for Pregnant Women in South Africa: Insights from a Mixed-Methods Pilot Study
Authors: Ayouni Imen , Githaiga Jennifer Nyawira , Amponsah-Dacosta Edina , Kagina Benjamin M , Muloiwa Rudzani
Published: February 2025

Background: Understanding vaccine attitudes, knowledge, and perceptions is critical for improving vaccine uptake, particularly among vulnerable populations such as pregnant women. This study aimed to test and adapt the World Health Organization (WHO) Behavioural and Social Drivers (BeSD) tools and the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) Scale for assessing maternal and childhood vaccine attitudes in the South African context. Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods pilot study among pregnant women attending antenatal care at two public hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa, between September 2023 and January 2024. Quantitative data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire on tablets, incorporating the adapted BeSD and VAX tools, while qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews. Additionally, the quantitative questionnaire contained the General Vaccine Attitude Survey questions developed from the compendium of survey questions created by the World Health Organization Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (WHO SAGE) Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy. Adaptations to the tools were informed by participant feedback and pretesting. Results: Eighty pregnant women agreed to participate in the quantitative survey, one participant dropped out of the study and seven completed follow-up qualitative interviews. The tools were well received, with participants reporting ease of use and understanding. Minor linguistic adjustments improved clarity, and participants identified healthcare providers as key influencers of vaccine decision-making. Knowledge gaps regarding maternal vaccination and concerns about vaccine safety during pregnancy were prominent. The mixed-methods approach provided complementary insights into the tools' applicability and participants' attitudes. Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrated that the WHO BeSD tools and VAX Scale, with minor adaptations, are feasible and acceptable for use in South Africa. These findings support their application in larger studies to explore maternal vaccine confidence and decision-making. Addressing knowledge gaps and leveraging trusted sources of information are critical to enhancing vaccine uptake in similar settings.
Design of a Robotic Work Cell Using Hierarchical Systems Approach and Visual Components Software
Authors: Miatliuk Kanstantsin , Koc Krystian , Eliacik Atakan , Pessoa Marcosiris Amorim Oliveira , Miyagi Paulo Eigi
Published: February 2025

The use of Hierarchical Systems (HS) technology in conceptual design of RWC (Robotic Work Cell – RWC) is proposed in the work. In comparison with other widespread approaches, conceptual model of the RWC constructed in HS formal basis contains connected models of RWC subsystems, RWC structure, its dynamic presentation as the unit in its environment and RWC. The design and control system of RWC is presented in the form of HS coordinator. For the detailed design of the selected RWS Visual Components system was applied in the work. First, the conceptual model of the RWS is presented in the paper. The application of the Visual Components program system for the detailed design of the RWC is described after that. Third, the laboratory experiment with KUKA KR16-2 F robot is briefly considered. The results and conclusive remarks are finally presented in the paper.
Clostridium Cadaveris: A Rare Pathogen in Clinical Infections–A Case Report and Comprehensive Review of Literature
Authors: Wagle Laxman , Bhanvadia Prachi , Timshina Anuj , Abdulmahdi Mustafa , Karmarkar Ravindra
Published: February 2025

Background: Clostridium cadaveris is an anaerobic, spore-forming bacteria historically linked to human decomposition. It has emerged as a pathogen, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Once considered non-pathogenic, recent evidence suggests its capacity to cause infections in vulnerable populations.
Case Presentation: We present a 50-year-old woman with metastatic rectal adenocarcinoma undergoing chemotherapy with C. cadaveris infection. The patient had fever, anemia, and lower abdominal discomfort. Initial treatment included Zosyn followed by Meropenem, fluid resuscitation, and blood transfusion. Due to persistent bacteremia metronidazole was added to meropenem. Thereafter, the patient clinically improved and blood cultures were negative after ten days.
Discussion: A review of 14 documented cases of C. cadaveris infections was done. Infection often occurs in patients with gastrointestinal disruption, chronic wounds, or invasive medical procedures and presents with symptoms of sepsis, fever, diarrhea, and abdominal symptoms. Immunocompromised individuals, especially those with cancer or undergoing chemotherapy, were affected. Antibiotic therapy, predominantly metronidazole, showed favorable outcomes. When observed, mortality was attributed to pre-existing comorbidities rather than the infection.
Conclusion: C. cadaveris is a rare and potentially significant pathogen, particularly in vulnerable populations. Immediate recognition, diagnosis, and appropriate antibiotic therapy are important for improving the outcome. This review shows the requisite for further research and case documentation to broaden our knowledge of this uncommon pathogen and guide treatment strategies.
Genetic Markers for Bipolar Disorder in the Taiwanese Popu-lation: Insights from a Genetic Association Study
Authors: Wang Yi-Guang , Huang Chih-Chung , Yeh Ta-Chuan , Chen Wan-Ting , Chang Wei-Chou , Singh Ajeet B , Yeh Chin-Bin , Hung Yi-Jen , Hung Kuo-Sheng , Chang Hsin-An
Published: February 2025

In recent years, bipolar disorder (BD), a multifaceted mood disorder marked by severe episodic mood fluctuations, has been shown to have an impact on disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). The increasing prevalence of BD highlights the need for better di-agnostic tools , particularly those involving genetic insights. Genetic association studies can play a crucial role in identifying variations linked to BD, shedding light on its ge-netic underpinnings and potential therapeutic targets. Our research utilized data from the Taiwan Precision Medicine Array (TPM Array), aiming to identify significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BD. Notably, we identified the var-iant rs11156606 in the ABCD1 gene, which plays a role in fatty acid metabolism—a process potentially connected to BD pathophysiology. Subsequent linkage disequilib-rium (LD) analysis of rs11156606 revealed a strongly associated variant, rs73640819, located within the ABCD1 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR), suggesting a regulatory role on ABCD1 RNA functionality. Additionally, our findings indicate that the variant rs3829533 is in strong LD with rs3751800 and rs3751801, which significantly affect the coding sequence of the MTHFSD gene. These findings enhance the genetic under-standing of BD in the Taiwanese Han population and highlight the value of genetic research in advancing our knowledge of bipolar disorder.
A Multi-Modal Light Sheet Microscope for High-Resolution 3D Tomographic Imaging with Enhanced Raman Scattering and Computational Denoising
Authors: Kumari Pooja , Marwick Björn Van , Kern Johann , Rädle Matthias
Published: February 2025

Three-dimensional (3D) cellular models, such as spheroids, serve as pivotal systems for understanding complex biological phenomena in histology, oncology, and tissue engineering. In response to the growing need for advanced imaging capabilities, we present a novel Multi-Modal Raman Light Sheet Microscope designed to capture elastic (Rayleigh) and inelastic (Raman) scattering, along with fluorescence signals, in a single platform. By leveraging a shorter excitation wavelength (532nm) to boost Raman scattering efficiency and incorporating robust fluorescence suppression, the system achieves label-free, high-resolution tomographic imaging without the drawbacks commonly associated with near-infrared modalities. An accompanying Deep Image Prior (DIP) seamlessly integrates with the microscope to provide unsupervised denoising and resolution enhancement, preserving critical molecular details and minimizing extraneous artifacts. Altogether, this synergy of optical and computational strategies underscores the potential for in-depth, 3D imaging of biomolecular and structural features in complex specimens and sets the stage for future advancements in biomedical research, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
A Watt-level RF Wireless Power Transfer System with Intelligent Auto-tracking Function
Authors: Yan Zhaoxu , Hu Chuandeng , Hou Bo , Wen Weijia
Published: February 2025

Radio-frequency (RF) microwave wireless power transfer (WPT) offers an efficient means of delivering energy to a wide array of devices over long distances. Previous RF WPT systems faced significant challenges including complex hardware and control systems, software deficiencies, insufficient rectification power, lack of high-performance substrate materials, and electromagnetic radiation hazards. Addressing these issues, this paper has proposed the world’s first watt-level RF WPT system capable of intelligent continuous tracking and occlusion judgment. Our 5.8 GHz band RF WPT system integrates several advanced technologies such as the millimeter-precision lidar, the multi-object image recognition algorithm, the accurate 6-bit continuous beamforming algorithm, the compact 16-channel 32 W high-power transmitting system, a pair of ultra-low axial ratio circularly polarized antenna arrays, ultra-low-loss high-strength ceramic substrates, and a 2.4 W high-power Schottky diode array rectifier achieving a rectification efficiency of 66.8%. Additionally, we constructed a platform to demonstrate the application of the proposed RF WPT system in battery-free vehicles, achieving unprecedented 360∘ uninterrupted power supply to the battery-free vehicle. In summary, this system represents the most functionally complete RF WPT system to date, serving as a milestone for several critical fields such as smart living, transportation electrification, and battery-less/free societies.
Immunological Enhancement into Mice Small Intestinal Tissue Morphology and Immunohistochemistry of L-Arginine-Assisted Silkworm Pupae Protein as an Enteral Nutrition Preparation
Authors: Yuan Rui , Zhang Linling , Wang Tianming , Jeevithan Lakshmi , Wang Chunxiao , Li Xiaohui , WU Wenhui
Published: February 2025

Diabetic enteropathy is one of the common complications in people with diabetes, and one of its symptoms, excessive diarrhea, may cause inflammation of the intestines. However, the ability of L-Arginine to ease these inflammatory conditions when present in nutritional preparations has not been fully explored. Here we report a special medical purpose formulas improve the characteristics of diabetic intestinal inflammation through nutrient modulating effects and nutritional efficacy, as well as L-arginine (L-arginine, L-arg) enhances the immunomodulatory effects of special medical purpose formulas for diabetes mellitus.
We utilized an oxidative stress model of small intestinal epithelial cells induced by high glucose and an inflammation model of the small intestine triggered by lipopolysaccharide in mice. The aim was to further investigate the protective effects of L-arginine and enteral nutritional preparations derived from silkworm chrysalis protein components on the intestinal tract. This research seeks to establish a theoretical foundation for understanding how L-arginine and these nutritional preparations regulate intestinal inflammation in vivo.
Investigation of Dearomatizing Spirocyclizations and Spirocycle Functionalization en route to Spirocalcaridines A and B - Some Trials and Tribulations
Authors: Singh Ravi P. , Gout Delphine , Mao James X. , Kroll Peter , Lovely Carl J.
Published: February 2025

Spirocalcaridines A and B are among the most challenging members of the marine invertebrate derived Leucetta alkaloids. Approaches for construction and elaboration of the highly compact spirocyclic core are described. Synthesis of tricyclic guanidine via a tandem oxidative amination dearomatizing spirocyclization (TOADS) using hypervalent iodine set the stage for total synthesis via migration of the C4/C8 double bond to C4/C5 position followed by oxidation. The undesired but not surprising propensity of the spirocyclic cyclohexadienone to undergo rearrangement to the phenol hindered the desired olefin migration. Furthermore, initial efforts to install the oxidation sequentially first, at C5 followed by C4 of the complete carbon skeleton were fraught with unforeseen challenges and unusual outcomes. In addition, the scope, and limitations of hypervalent iodine mediated tandem oxidative dearomatizing spirocyclization on various substrates were explored. Urethanes and thiourethanes undergo spirocyclization in excellent yield whereas, the reaction with allylic substrates and species lacking the p-methoxy substituent does not proceed. Attempts to prepare other guanidine precursors are briefly discussed.
A Review of Key Signal Processing Techniques for Structural Health Monitoring: Highlighting Non-Parametric Time-Frequency Analysis, Adaptive Decomposition, and Deconvolution
Authors: Zhou Yixin , Ma Zepeng , Fu Lei
Published: February 2025

This paper reviews key signal processing techniques in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), focusing on non-parametric time-frequency analysis, adaptive decomposition, and deconvolution methods. It examines the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT), Wavelet Transform (WT), and Wigner-Ville Distribution (WVD), highlighting their applications, advantages, and limitations in SHM. The review also explores adaptive techniques like Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and its variants (EEMD, MEEMD), as well as Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and its improved versions (SVMD, AVMD), emphasizing their effectiveness in handling nonlinear and non-stationary signals. Additionally, deconvolution methods such as Minimum Entropy Deconvolution (MED) and Maximum Correlated Kurtosis Deconvolution (MCKD) are discussed for mechanical fault diagnosis. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of these techniques, offering insights for future research in SHM signal processing.
Pomegranate Woody Mycobiota Associated with Wood Decay
Authors: Bergamaschi Valentino , Valente Maria Teresa , Muleo Rosario
Published: February 2025

The rapid expansion of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivation in central and southern Italy has revealed emerging phytosanitary challenges, including "pomegranate wood decay syndrome”, characterised by cortical cankers, wood browning, and progressive plant decline. This study investigates the fungal microbiota associated with symptomatic pomegranate wood using a combined approach of traditional fungal isolation and ITS2 metabarcoding analysis. Samples from two orchards in Lazio were examined, revealing a complex fungal community with a high prevalence of Neofusicoccum parvum and species of the Diaporthe complex. Pathogenicity tests confirmed the role of N. parvum in causing significant wood browning, while other isolates showed variable virulence. Statistical analyses validated the pathogenicity of select isolates, with Diaporthe eres (Nitschke) consistently demonstrating potential pathogenic activity across all trials. Metabarcoding identified 289 taxa highlighting a richer fungal diversity in symptomatic wood compared to asymptomatic sections. Notably, Coniella granati, previously implicated in pomegranate decline, was absent in the studied orchards. The findings reveal that pomegranate wood decay is a complex syndrome driven by fungal pathogens and environmental stressors, such as low temperatures. This study highlights the value of integrative approaches for understanding and managing fungal-associated wood diseases in pomegranate orchards.
A Novel Framework for Optimizing Peri-Implant Soft Tissue in Subcrestally Placed Implants in Single Molar Cases: Integrating Transitional and Subcrestal Zones for Biological Stability
Authors: Won Chiyun
Published: February 2025

Background: The peri-implant soft tissue seal plays a critical role in the long-term success of subcrestally placed implants (SPIs). However, conventional biologic width models, originally developed for natural teeth, fail to fully account for the complex three-dimensional peri-implant soft tissue adaptation. This study introduces a novel framework that integrates the concepts of the Transitional Zone (TZ) and Subcrestal Zone (SZ) to optimize peri-implant soft tissue stability and function. Methods: A three-dimensional peri-implant soft tissue analysis (3DSTA) was conducted using CBCT imaging and clinical evaluation. This study defines key parameters, including Crest to Restoration Distance (CRD), Soft Tissue Thickness (STT), and Self-Sustained Soft Tissue (SSST), to assess the biologic and structural adaptation of peri-implant soft tissue in SPI cases. Results: A mathematical model was developed to determine optimal implant placement depth, considering emergence angle (EA), soft tissue thickness (STT), and peripheral crestal offset (PCO). SSST, composed of TZ and SZ, was identified as a critical factor in maintaining peri-implant health by providing a wider biologic width and enhancing resistance to microbial infiltration. The importance of sub-mucosal coronal flaring in SPI was highlighted, demonstrating that a broader contact zone improves peri-implant tissue adaptation and biologic stability. Implant Paper Point Probing (IPPP) was introduced as a novel diagnostic tool to assess the peri-implant sulcus seal and differentiate healthy peri-implant soft tissue from pathological pockets. Conclusions:This study presents a novel peri-implant soft tissue framework, shifting from a two-dimensional biologic width model to a three-dimensional analytical approach. By integrating TZ and SZ as components of SSST, this model provides clinical guidelines for optimal emergence profile design, SPI placement depth, and peri-implant soft tissue management. Future studies should focus on validating these findings through histological investigations and long-term clinical trials to refine peri-implant soft tissue optimization strategies.
Adult B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Antigens and Enriched Pathways Identify New Targets for Therapy
Authors: Mohamed Eithar , Goodman Sara , Cooksey Leah , Fletcher Daniel , Boncheva Viktoriya , Mills Ken , Orchard Kim , Guinn Barbara
Published: February 2025

Background: Adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (aB-ALL) is characterised by abnormal differentiation and proliferation of lymphoid progenitors. Despite a significant improvement in relapse-free and overall survival for children with B-ALL, aB-ALL has a particularly poor prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of 20%. First remission is achieved for most patients but relapse is common with a high associated mortality. New treatments such as immunotherapy offer an opportunity to extend remission and prevent relapse.  Methods: aB-ALL antigens were identified using different sources - immunoscreening, protoarrays, two microarrays and one cancer-testis antigen (CTA) database, and a review of the genomic analyses of aB-ALL. 385 aB-ALL-associated gene products were examined for their association with patient survival. Results: We identified 87 transcripts with differential expression between aB-ALL and healthy donors, and 42 that were associated with survival. Enrichr analysis showed that the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ), Wnt and hippo pathways were highly represented (p<0.02). We found that SOX4 was upregulated in all types of B-ALL, while ROCK1 was upregulated in all types of B-ALL (p<0.001 except t(8;14)) and along with SMAD3 and TEAD4 were associated with survival (p=0.0008, 0.05 and 0.001 respectively).  Expression of each aB-ALL antigen was verified by qPCR but only TEAD4 showed significant transcript upregulation in aB-ALL compared to healthy donor CD19+ cells (p=0.01).  Conclusions: We have identified a number of antigens and their pathways that play key roles in aB-ALL and may act as useful targets for future immunotherapy strategies.
Applying Artificial Neural Networks and Multivariable Linear Regression from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Datasets to Estimate Durum and Bread Wheat Yield under Low Nitrogen Application Rates
Authors: Kidson Michael , Nduku Lwandile , Munghemezulu Cilence , Masiza Wonga , Nciizah Adornis , Adeleke Rasheed , Rama Haripriya , Roopnarain Ashira
Published: February 2025

Durum and bread wheat are widely planted cereal crops that contribute immensely to global food security. To maintain and improve on crop yields, fertilizers are applied including nitrogenous fertilizers. However, there is limited research focusing on the effect of nitrogen application rate on observed and estimated durum and bread wheat yields in dryland environments. This study investigated the application of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multispectral bands and vegetation indices using artificial neural networks (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models to estimate yields of durum and bread under different nitrogen fertilizer application rates. The ratio vegetation index (r = 0.29; P < 0.05) and normalized difference vegetation index (r = 0.26; P < 0.05) showed a low, but significant correlation with bread yield under 48 kg/ha nitrogen application. The ANN model outperformed MLR for yield prediction under all nitrogen rates and produced highest accuracy of R² = 0.7753, RMSE = 0.0825 t/ha under 24 kg/ha nitrogen application for durum. The key findings from this study highlight that UAV datasets and ANN models can be used to predict durum and bread yields in real-time which is beneficial for crop nutrient management. The methods from this study should be explored with more robust machine learning and larger datasets for optimal crop yield estimation.
From Dennett to Transformers: Emergent Properties, Kolmogorov Complexity, and the Turing-Computability of Human Intelligence
Authors: Abela John
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the Turing-computability of human cognition through the lens of the late philosopher Daniel Dennett’s computational functionalism, Kolmogorov Complexity, and recent advances in large language models (LLMs). We compare the high complexity and capacity of the human brain to the deliberate scaling of LLMs, noting that emergent properties—such as zero-shot reasoning—arise when models reach critical thresholds in parameter count and training data. By analyzing whether these emergent capabilities can approximate human-level intelligence, we shed light on the debate concerning the algorithmic replicability of human consciousness. We suggest that capacity, complexity, and scaling play pivotal roles in shaping advanced cognitive behaviors, offering preliminary insights into artificial general intelligence (AGI). Although the emphasis is primarily theoretical, we briefly note that transformer models have the potential for unlocking new analytical capabilities in fields such as astrophysics and cosmology, highlighting the broad impact of scaling laws beyond natural language alone.
ANPR: A Novel Technique in Crime Reduction
Authors: Ibikune Osonuga I
Published: February 2025

The evolving dynamic of technology crimes has prompted security professionals to call for a more technological approach; The rise of kidnapping for ransom, for example, cannot be effectively combated with weapons or traditional police policing techniques alone, but by examining what supports kidnapping, we may be on the way to finding more innovative solutions to combat it. in the case of kidnappings, it thrives even more with mobility such as vehicles or motorbikes after all kidnappers would not ask their victims to march to their caves the first time they were kidnapped. In this paper, consider the use of Automatic Number Plate Recognition as a powerful tool that could be employed in tracking and identifying criminals, and discuss other applications in other critical areas. Consider using Pytesseract to extract license plates and run the test on Nigerian license plates.
Methodology for Selecting Near-Surface CH4, CO, and CO2 Observations Reflecting Atmospheric Background Conditions at the WMO/GAW Station in Lamezia Terme, Italy
Authors: Malacaria Luana , Sinopoli Salvatore , Lo Feudo Teresa , De Benedetto Giorgia , D'Amico Francesco , Ammoscato Ivano , Cristofanelli Paolo , De Pino Mariafrancesca , Gullì Daniel , Calidonna Claudia Roberta
Published: February 2025

Since 2015, the permanent World Meteorological Organization/Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO/GAW) station of Lamezia Terme (LMT) in Calabria, Southern Italy, has been performing continuous measurements of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs). As a coastal monitoring station, LMT allowed continuous data gathering of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH4) mole fractions in a region characterized by a Mediterranean climate. This work aims to test the adoption of three different methods in the selection of observations representative of the atmospheric background conditions at LMT. In particular, we applied the Background Data Selection (BaDS) method, the smoothed minima baseflow separation method (SM), and the “Wind” method. All the three selection methods appeared to be effective in retaining the background CH4, CO and CO2 data. The “Wind” method, based on the analysis of the local wind regime, selected the lowest number of data. For all the gases considered, the monthly mean values obtained after the implementation of BaDS (SM) were the highest (lowest). Taking into account the complete gases datasets over the period 2015 - 2023, Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope showed annual and seasonal increasing tendencies for CH4 and CO2 with significance levels of α = 0.05 and α = 0.001, respectively. For CO, a decreasing tendency was only observed for the winter season level of α = 0.05. The application of the three selection methods resulted in changes in the calculated annual and seasonal growth rates and non-negligible deviations were also found for the average annual growth rates calculated for the three background datasets. This indicates that the growth rate calculations are sensitive to the choice of background selection method and we recommend that multiple selection methods could be applied to resolve the associated uncertainties.