bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Εξελίξεις και συγκρούσεις αναφορικά με την ταξινόμηση των ψυχικών διαταραχών στο DSM-5: Μία ανασκόπηση του επιστημονικού διαλόγου και κριτικής
Authors: Μούτσου Ειρήνη , Γεωργάκα Ευγενία
Published: November 2020

The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM- 5) was released by the American Psychiatric Association in May 2013 and has provoked a broad scientific discussion, since it entails significant changes in relation to its previous editions. The current paper offers a review of this discussion, with emphasis on the main changes that are under dispute. Initially, we discuss the developmental course of the various editions of the DSM, the main principles and practices of the current edition as well as the main points of critique against it. We then examine in more detail some significant changes in particular diagnostic categories and their expected implications for the diagnosis and treatment of these mental disorders. In conclusion, the main critique against DSM-5 is that it seems to intensify the medicalisation of mental disorders, which characterises its latest editions, to pathologise a range of everyday experiences and behaviours, and to broaden the diagnosed population, especially to children and the elderly, expanding possibly the use of medication to new age groups.
Η ψυχοκοινωνική υγεία των οικογενειών με παιδιά με διαταραχές αυτιστικού φάσματος
Authors: Ευστρατοπούλου Μαρία , Μιλτσακάκη Στεφανία , Πλιόγκου Βασιλική
Published: November 2020

The present study aimed to investigate depressive symptoms in families having a child with Autistic Spectrum Disorders. For the estimation of depression symptoms in parents, (N=58) the Βeck Depression Inventory (B.D.I; Beck &Beamesderfer, 1974) was used and for the assessment of depressive symptoms in siblings (N=28) the Youth Self Report(YSR; Achenbach &Rescorla, 2001) was used. Analysis of the data revealed the presence of depressive symptoms in parents with mothers having higher scores in BDI than their husbands. In addition, the presence of depressive symptoms in one of the parents was significant correlated with depressive symptoms in their partners. The analysis of the results concerning the presence of depressive symptoms in siblings revealed that there were no symptoms of depression and their internalizing scores were at typical range. For the interpretation of the results many individual, family and social factors were under consideration.
Δυσλεξία και εγκεφαλική ασυμμετρία: ανασκόπηση μελετών ανατομικής και λειτουργικής απεικόνισης
Authors: Κουφάκη Αγγελική , Παπαδάτου - Παστου Μαριέττα
Published: November 2020

Developmental dyslexia is a learning disorder that is marked by reading achievement that falls substantially below that expected given the individual's chronological age, measured intelligence, and age-appropriate education (ICD-10, WHO, 1993). It is estimated to affect 5-17% of the student population. It is a disorder that is neurological in nature (Habib, 2000. Σίμος, Μουζάκη, & Παπανικολάου, 2004), but which requires educational intervention. Recently, there has been considerable progress in the investigation of the neurobiological underpinnings of dyslexia. Yet, even today Orton’s 1925 hypothesis, postulating that individuals with dyslexia have not adequately developedthe typical left cerebral lateralization for language and are symmetrical or right-hemispheric dominant for language, remains timely and is under investigation. The present narrative review presents research studies that have investigated the inadequate lateralization hypothesis using anatomical and functional brain imaging. Findings show, for the largest part, that individuals with dyslexia do indeed show anatomical and functional differences in the language networks of the left hemisphere, compared to typical readers. In conclusion, inadequate lateralization is an important neurobiological factor for the development of dyslexia, albeit it is not the only one.
Who is the “WE” that could include immigrants? Different aspects of common ingroups and intergroup competition
Authors: Chryssochoou Xenia , Anagnostou Ioannis
Published: November 2020

The present experimental study, with Greek participants, investigates whether some common ingroups that potentially can include immigrants, in interaction with intergroup competition present more threat for local populations. Results indicate that when the common ingroup is defined as maintaining different memberships (“inhabitants of the country”), redirecting competition towards other outgroups ( other countries) is beneficial to perceptions of migrants. On the contrary, when the common ingroup is presented as blending memberships and presenting commonalities between groups ( “workers”), redirecting competition towards an outgroup ( employers) could be detrimentaland produce almost similar results with an intergroup situation where common membership is not salient. These findings have implications both in relation to social psychological theory of Common Ingroup Identity but also in relation to immigrants’ requests for identification and integration.
Ο χρόνος και ο χώρος ως ρητορικά εφόδια για την κατασκευή της ελληνικής εθνικής ταυτότητας: Η μουσουλμανική μειονότητα της Θράκης στο λόγο φοιτητών παιδαγωγικών τμημάτων
Authors: Σαπουντζής Αντώνης , Χατζοπούλου Ευθυμία
Published: November 2020

Although time and space constitute inherent elements of identities, mainly of national and ethnic identities, those notions seldom become the focal point of socio-psychological research. Researchers following Social Identity Theory have argued that comparisons of the same national identity in different timelines can be used instead of comparisons to other national identities, which in turn can be interpreted as an absence of ingroup bias. Nonetheless, researchers who follow the turn to language have traced argumentative resources within which temporal comparisons and spatial representations of the nation are used by speakers in order to avoid comparisons between nations, that could potentially leave them open to charges of chauvinism. The present paper, drawing on the theoretical and methodological principles of Critical Discursive Social Psychology, examines the way inwhich students of the educational departments in Thrace mobilize time and space as argumentative lines in order to construct the identity of the Muslim minority of Thrace. It is argued that often time and space are used in rhetorical strategies disclaiming racism, presenting the difference of the minority as a matter of time, or as a matter of residence in “rural” communities that have not adopted the urban way of life. These findings are discussed in relation to how discourse analysis can offer a way to incorporate time and space in the theoreticaldiscussions of social psychology regarding national identity.
«Δεν υπάρχει εναλλακτική λύση»: Η σημασία της μηντιακής πλαισίωσης και των κοινωνικοψυχολογικών διαδικασιών στην πρόβλεψη συλλογικής δράσης την εποχή της κρίσης
Authors: Γαρδικιώτης Αντώνης , Αλεξανδρή Νικολέττα , Αποστολίδης Απόστολος
Published: November 2020

The study examines the variables that predict collective action in the context of the deep socioeconomic crisis that hit Europe and especially Greece during the last years. It focuses on the influence of the framing of the economic situation by the mass media on people’s perceptions and intention to resume political action. Social psychological theories ofcollective action and the theory of framing are employed as the theoretical context of the study. Three different frames used in public discourse and in the media to describe and explain the economic situation are presented to the participants and the degree to which these frames interact with social psychological processes topredict political behavior is investigated. The predictors of collective action that are examined are: psychological reactance (as a composite of negative thoughts and emotions) towards media frames, politicized identity, national identity, perceived injustice, collective efficacy, and political self-identification. Results confirm the importance of social psychological processes as well as of media framing on people’s perceptions and intention to resume collective action.
Extracting novel antimicrobial emergence events from scientific literature and medical reports
Authors: Mendelsohn Emma , Ross Noam , White Allison M. , Whiting Karissa , Basaraba Cale , Watson Madubuonwu Brooke , Johnson Erica , Dualeh Mushtaq , Matson Zach , Dattaray Sonia , Ezeokoli Nchedochukwu , Kirshenbaum Lieberman Melanie , Kotcher Jacob , Maher Samantha , Zambrana-Torrelio Carlos , Daszak Peter
Published: November 2020

Despite considerable global surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), data on the global emergence of new resistance genotypes in bacteria has not been systematically compiled. We conducted a study of English-language scientific literature (2006-2017) and disease surveillance reports (1994-2017) to identify global events of novel AMR emergence (first clinical reports of unique drug-bacteria resistance combinations). We screened 24,966 abstracts and reports, ultimately identifying 1,773 novel AMR emergence events from 294 articles. Events were reported in 66 countries, with most events in the United States (152), India (129), and China (128). The most common bacteria demonstrating new resistance were Klebsiella pneumoniae (352) and Escherichia coli (218). Resistance was most common against antibiotic drugs imipenem (89 events), ciprofloxacin (85) and ceftazidime (82). We provide an open-access database of emergence events with standardized fields for bacterial species, drugs, location, and date, and we discuss guidelines and caveats for data analysis. This database may be broadly useful for understanding rates and patterns of AMR evolution, identifying global drivers and correlates, and targeting surveillance and interventions.
Recent advances in managing primary hypertension
Authors: Leontsinis Ioannis , Mantzouranis Manos , Tsioufis Panagiotis , Andrikou Ioannis , Tsioufis Costas
Published: November 2020

Hypertension remains a leading risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity globally despite the availability of effective and well-tolerated antihypertensive medications. Accumulating evidence suggests a more aggressive blood pressure regulation aimed at lower targets, particularly for selected patient groups. Our concepts of the optimal method for blood pressure measurement have radically changed, maintaining appropriate standard office measurements for initial assessment but relying on out-of-office measurement to better guide our decisions. Thorough risk stratification provides guidance in decision making; however, an individualized approach is highly recommended to prevent overtreatment. Undertreatment, on the other hand, remains a major concern and is mainly attributed to poor adherence and resistant or difficult-to-control forms of the disease. This review aims to present modern perspectives, novel treatment options, including innovative technological applications and developing interventional and pharmaceutical therapies, and the major concerns emerging from several years of research and epidemiological observations related to hypertension management.
Recent advances in understanding endocrine disruptors: DDT and related compounds
Authors: Safe Stephen
Published: November 2020

Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) are environmental contaminants that modulate estrogen, androgen, and thyroid hormone receptor signaling and it has been hypothesized that human exposures to EDCs induce multiple adverse health effects. Some of these responses include male and female reproductive tract problems, obesity, and neurological/neurobehavior deficits. Extensive laboratory animal and some human studies support the EDC hypothesis. However, there is a debate among scientists and regulators regarding the adverse human health impacts of EDCs and this review highlights and gives examples of some of the concerns.
Reflecting on the state of health and social care in England
Authors: Tingle John
Published: November 2020

John Tingle, Lecturer in Law, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham, discusses the latest State of Care annual report from the Care Quality Commission, which addresses some important patient safety issues
Elucidating the photoluminescence-enhancement mechanism in a push-pull conjugated polymer induced by hot-electron injection from gold nanoparticles
Authors: Lee Dongki , Han Se Gyo , Mun Jungho , Yang Kihyuk , Kim Sung Hyuk , Rho Junsuk , Cho Kilwon , Oh Dongyeop X. , Jeong Mun Seok
Published: November 2020

Understanding the photophysical interactions between the components in organic-inorganic nanocomposites is a key factor for their efficient application in optoelectronic devices. In particular, the photophysical study of nanocomposites based on organic conjugated polymers is rare. We investigated the effect of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on the photoluminescence (PL) property of a push-pull conjugated polymer (PBDB-T). We prepared the hybrid system by incorporating poly(3-hexylthiophene)-stabilized Au NPs (P3HT-Au NPs) into PBDB-T. The enhanced and blueshifted PL was observed in the hybrid system compared to PL in a neat PBDB-T system, indicating that the P3HT chains attached to the Au NPs suppressed charge-transfer from PBDB-T to the Au NPs and relayed the hot electrons to PBDB-T (the band-filling effect). This photophysical phenomenon limited the auto-dissociation of PBDB-T excitons. Thus, the radiative recombination of the excitons occurred more in our hybrid system than in the neat system.
A mathematical model and inference method for bacterial colonization in hospital units applied to active surveillance data for carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Ong Karen M. , Phillips Michael S. , Peskin Charles S.
Published: November 2020

Widespread use of antibiotics has resulted in an increase in antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. Although not all bacterial contact results in infection, patients can become asymptomatically colonized, increasing the risk of infection and pathogen transmission. Consequently, many institutions have begun active surveillance, but in non-research settings, the resulting data are often incomplete and may include non-random testing, making conventional epidemiological analysis problematic. We describe a mathematical model and inference method for in-hospital bacterial colonization and transmission of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae that is tailored for analysis of active surveillance data with incomplete observations. The model and inference method make use of the full detailed state of the hospital unit, which takes into account the colonization status of each individual in the unit and not only the number of colonized patients at any given time. The inference method computes theexactlikelihood of all possible histories consistent with partial observations (despite the exponential increase in possible states that can make likelihood calculation intractable for large hospital units), includes techniques to improve computational efficiency, is tested by computer simulation, and is applied to active surveillance data from a 13-bed rehabilitation unit in New York City. The inference method for exact likelihood calculation is applicable to other Markov models incorporating incomplete observations. The parameters that we identify are the patient–patient transmission rate, pre-existing colonization probability, and prior-to-new-patient transmission probability. Besides identifying the parameters, we predict the effects on the total prevalence (0.07 of the total colonized patient-days) of changing the parameters and estimate the increase in total prevalence attributable to patient–patient transmission (0.02) above the baseline pre-existing colonization (0.05). Simulations with a colonized versus uncolonized long-stay patient had 44% higher total prevalence, suggesting that the long-stay patient may have been a reservoir of transmission. High-priority interventions may include isolation of incoming colonized patients and repeated screening of long-stay patients.
The ITS region provides a reliable DNA barcode for identifying reishi/lingzhi (Ganoderma) from herbal supplements
Authors: Gunnels Tess , Creswell Matthew , McFerrin Janis , Whittall Justen B.
Published: November 2020

The dietary supplement industry is rapidly growing yet, a recent study revealed that up to 60% of supplements may have substituted ingredients, some of which can be harmful contaminants or additives. When ingredients cannot be verified morphologically or biochemically, DNA barcoding complemented with a molecular phylogenetic analysis can be a powerful method for species authentication. We employed a molecular phylogenetic analysis for species authentication of the commonly used fungal supplement, reishi (Ganoderma lingzhi), by amplifying and sequencing the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) with genus-specific primers. PCR of six powdered samples and one dried sample all sold as G. lucidum representing independent suppliers produced single, strong amplification products in the expected size-range for Ganoderma. Both best-hit BLAST and molecular phylogenetic analyses clearly identified the presence of G. lingzhi DNA in all seven herbal supplements. We detected variation in the ITS sequences among our samples, but all herbal supplement samples fall within a large clade of G. lingzhi ITS sequences. ITS-based phylogenetic analysis is a successful and cost-effective method for DNA-based species authentication that could be used in the herbal supplement industry for this and other fungal and plant species that are otherwise difficult to identify.
Paradoxical modulation of influenza by intranasal administration of non-replicating adenovirus particles
Authors: Tang De-chu Christopher
Published: November 2020

Respiratory mucosal infection by airborne microbes is a common event that occurs every day. We report here that intranasal administration of non-replicating adenovirus (Ad) particles to mice could either confer rapid protection against influenza virus (IFV) challenge independent of adaptive immunity, or exacerbate influenza by triggering rapid death. The life-or-death outcome hinges on the time interval between Ad administration and IFV challenge in conjunction with specific mouse/IFV strains. Intranasal instillation of Ad particles 1–47 days prior to IFV challenge conferred rapid protection against influenza in Balb/c mice whereas exposure to Ad 39 days prior to challenge with a specific IFV strain or 1 day post-challenge with that IFV strain induced rapid death in C57BL/6 mice. Notably, consecutive administrations of Ad prior to IFV challenge conferred a synergy in triggering a potent anti-influenza state; even a detrimental Ad exposure 39 days before challenge with the deadly IFV strain was reversed to a beneficial one by subsequent Ad boosts. Results revealed an intricate relationship between infection and innate immunity that is a linchpin around which effects revolve from protective immunity to collateral damage. It is urgent to repeat the experiments with an expanded scope for characterizing the status that defines susceptibility or resistance to IFV infection and subsequently reveal the underlying mechanisms. Whether broad heterologous protective effects induced by AdE and adaptive immunity elicited by vaccination could confer synergy during mitigation of a pandemic remains to be seen.
The incidence of malignant brain tumors is increased in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: A national health insurance survey
Authors: Cho Jae Hoon , Lim Young Chang , Han Kyung-Do , Lee Jae Yong , Choi Ji Ho
Published: November 2020

The association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and malignant brain tumors has yet to be fully investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of OSA on brain tumor incidence based on the Korea National Health Insurance Service (KNHIS) dataset. The KNHIS data between 2007 and 2014 were analyzed, and the primary endpoint was newly diagnosed malignant brain tumor. A total of 198,574 subjects aged ≥ 20 years with newly diagnosed OSA were enrolled in the study, and 992,870 individuals were selected as a control group based on propensity score matching (PSM) by gender and age. The average follow-up duration was 4.8 ± 2.3 years. The hazard ratios (HRs) for brain tumor for patients with OSA were 1.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42–2.21) in Model 1 (not adjusted with any covariate) and 1.67 (95% CI: 1.34–2.09) in Model 2 (adjusted for income level, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and COPD). In subgroup analysis by gender, the odds ratios (OR) of OSA were 1.82 (95% CI: 1.41–2.33) in men and 1.26 (95% CI: 0.74–2.03) in women. The ORs were 1.97 (95% CI: 1.15–3.24) in the older (age ≥ 65 years) group, 1.66 (95% CI: 1.25–2.17) in the middle-aged (40 ≤ age < 65 years) group, and 1.41 (0.78–2.44) in the young (20 ≤ age < 40 years) group. In conclusion, OSA may increase the incidence of brain tumors.
Morphological aspects of immature stages of Migonemyia migonei (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae), an important vector of Leishmaniosis in South America, described by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Marialva Eric Fabrício , Secundino Nágila F. , Fernandes Fernando F. , Araújo Helena R. C. , Ríos-Velásquez Claudia M. , Pimenta Paulo F. P. , Pessoa Felipe A. C.
Published: November 2020

We describe the immature stages ofMigonemyia migonei, which is the vector ofLeishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, the etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in South America, and a putative vector ofLeishmania infantum chagasi. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to refine the description of the structures of the egg, all instar larvae, and the pupa. The eggs have polygonal cells on the egg exochorion, and differences between larval and pupal chaetotaxy have been highlighted. Different sensillary subtypes—trichoidea, basiconica, coelonica and campanoformia—were observed in the larval stages. The results presented herein contribute to the taxonomy ofMg.migoneiand may contribute to future studies on the phylogeny of this important vector species.
Conservative management of pelvic fractures in dogs and cats in Algiers: Incidence and long-term clinical outcomes
Authors: Bouabdallah Ryhan , Meghiref Fatima-Zohra , Azzag Naouelle , Benmohand Chabha , Zenad Wahiba , Rebouh Myriem
Published: November 2020

Aim: We performed a retrospective study to evaluate clinical complications and outcomes associated with non-operative management of pelvic fractures in dogs and cats and described owner satisfaction.

Materials and Methods: Based on radiographic findings and fracture location, case records were classified into two groups. Group 1 included animals with acetabulum involvement that underwent conservative treatment plus femoral head-and-neck excision. Group 2 included animals without acetabulum involvement that underwent conservative treatment only. Compliance with rest instructions, time to locomotion recovery, and the evaluation of persistent lameness were data collected from the questionnaire. The level of satisfaction was classified as excellent, good, or bad. Clinical outcome was evaluated at least 10 months after the fracture.

Results: Pelvic injuries included sacroiliac luxations (59.52%) and ilial body (35.7%), acetabular (21.4%), pubic (21.4%), and ischial (14.28%) fractures alone or combined. According to the owners, the proposed strategy yielded good to excellent outcomes in dogs and cats in this study, with 95.23% of animals regaining full function of their hind limbs. Two dogs had slight chronic lameness, and some degree of gait abnormality persisted.

Conclusion: Because of financial constraints, the chronicity of fractures, or lack of surgical techniques, the surgical treatment of pelvic fractures may not be possible. Non-operative treatment can then be considered to allow the animal to return to acceptable function.
Future Possibilities, Social Challenges and Adaptation Requirements of Industrial Progress
Authors: Háry András
Published: November 2020

The paper addresses the technological change that is currently happening in industry. First, a review of the global trends that impact industrial developmentsis made, then a summary ofexpanding intelligent technologies and their systems. The report describes in detail the concept of Industry 4.0 and its major technology-related aspects. At the end of the paper, a summary of social consequences is addressed, especially concerning generational concerns connected to the current change in industrial technology. The purpose of the study is to raise some special aspects and considerations in the given subject.
A (I)LEGALIDADE DA CONTRATAÇÃO DIRETA DE PESSOAL E DISPENSA DE LICITAÇÕES PELOS CONSÓRCIOS PÚBLICOS INTERMUNICIPAIS
Authors: Linhares Renan Plinio
Published: November 2020

Os serviços públicos são funções realizadas pelo Estado e seus entes federados, e é obrigação desses entes prestá-los da forma mais eficaz e eficiente possível. Os consórcios públicos são formas de união entre entes federados, cujo objetivo é prestar algum tipo de serviço que um ente, em sua singularidade, teria dificuldades em prestar. Entretanto, há muitas dúvidas por parte dos gestores acerca da necessidade de seguir os preceitos públicos no tocante à contratação de pessoal e contratação de serviços indiretos via licitação, principalmente naqueles consórcios criados anteriormente a 2005. O presente artigo, de forma exploratória, busca examinar a viabilidade de licitação e contratação direta por parte desses consórcios, analisando como é feita a cooperação entre entes, a natureza jurídica dos consórcios públicos e seus tipos e suas formações. Para tanto, utiliza-se do método dedutivo para abordar o assunto, utilizando, como principais documentos de estudo, a doutrina, a jurisprudência e a lei. Discute-se os documentos utilizados na concepção do trabalho, trazendo, ao final, a análise acerca da necessária utilização, por meio dos consórcios públicos, dos preceitos públicos fundamentais inerentes à administração pública.
O PRINCÍPIO DA BOA-FÉ: DA SUA INSERÇÃO NO DIREITO CIVIL BRASILEIRO E A SUA RELAÇÃO COM OS CONTRATOS
Authors: Martins Daniel João
Published: November 2020

O princípio da boa-fé foi inserido de forma objetiva no atual Código Civil. Ele se apresenta como norma de conduta a ser observada nos negócios jurídicos. O objetivo deste estudo é elucidar sobre a inserção da boa-fé e demonstrar a sua relação com os contratos. O tema se faz relevante para a comunidade jurídica em geral, pois se trata de instituto de conteúdo moral importante para a convivência pacífica das pessoas. Aborda-se, sob o método dedutivo, a origem, as definições, a normatização, as classificações, as funções, os deveres anexos e os desdobramentos da boa-fé. Infere-se que o postulado da boa-fé se relaciona aos contratos para assegurar valores, como lealdade, confiança e honestidade. Verifica-se que, dessa relação, surgem as condutas e os deveres que precisam ser observados pelos contratantes a fim de garantir uma proteção jurídica do negócio celebrado.
TRANSPARÊNCIA NA PRESTAÇÃO DE SERVIÇOS PÚBLICOS POR PARTICULARES
Authors: Gonçalves Maiara
Published: November 2020

Este artigo tem como tema a aplicabilidade da Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI) - Lei n. 12.527/2011 - aos particulares prestadores de serviços públicos, diante das novidades trazidas pelo Código de Defesa do Usuário de Serviço Público (CDUSP) - Lei n. 13.460/2017. A LAI abrange expressamente os órgãos públicos no dever de transparência e acesso à informação. No entanto, não subordina os delegatários de serviços públicos, pessoas físicas ou jurídicas que recebem autorização para prestar o serviço no lugar da Administração Pública, o que provoca uma lacuna no ordenamento jurídico. O CDUSP estabelece que o acesso à informação por parte dos usuários de serviços públicos será regido pelos termos da LAI, além de ser aplicável subsidiariamente aos particulares prestadores de serviços públicos. Dessa forma, analisou-se a possibilidade de aplicação da LAI aos delegatários de serviços públicos no Brasil a partir do CDUSP, tomando-se como ponto de partida o direito constitucional de acesso à informação, a transparência na Administração Pública, o regime da Lei de Acesso à Informação, a prestação de serviços públicos no Brasil e as formas de delegação à iniciativa privada. Em que pese a ausência de fontes doutrinárias acerca do tema, a análise efetuada neste trabalho reforçou o entendimento de que é possível a aplicação da LAI aos particulares prestadores de serviços públicos em decorrência das novidades trazidas pelo CDUSP.
Role of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in North American Patients With Severe Acute Liver Injury
Authors: Fontana Robert J. , Engle Ronald E. , Gottfried Michelle , Hammed Bilal , Hanje James , Durkalski Valerie , Kleiner David E. , Nguyen Hanh , Nishimura Norihisa , Lee William M. , Farci Patrizia ,   for the Acute Liver Failure Study Group
Published: November 2020

INTRODUCTION:

The aim of this study was to determine the role of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in a large cohort of prospectively enrolled patients with severe acute liver injury (ALI).

METHODS:

Serum samples from 594 consecutive adults enrolled between 2008 and 2018 in the US Acute Liver Failure Study Group ALI registry were tested for anti-HEV IgM and anti-HEV IgG levels. Those with detectable anti-HEV IgM underwent further testing for HEV RNA using real-time polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS:

The median age of patients was 38 years; 41% were men and 72% Caucasian. Etiologies of ALI included acetaminophen hepatotoxicity (50%), autoimmune hepatitis (8.9%), hepatitis B virus (8.9%), and idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (7.9%). Overall, 62 patients (10.4%) were negative for anti-HEV IgM but positive for IgG, whereas only 3 men (0.5%) were positive for both anti-HEV IgM and IgG. These 3 cases were initially diagnosed as having indeterminate, HEV, and hepatitis B virus-related ALI. One of these patients had detectable HEV RNA genotype 3, and another anti-HEV IgM+ patient had detectable HEV antigens by immunohistochemistry on liver biopsy. On multivariate modeling, older (odds ratio: 1.99) and non-Caucasian subjects (odds ratio: 2.92) were significantly more likely to have detectable anti-HEV IgG (P < 0.0001).

DISCUSSION:

Acute HEV infection is an infrequent cause of ALI in hospitalized North American adults. The anti-HEV IgG+ patients were significantly older and more likely to be non-Caucasian. These data are consistent with other population-based studies that indicate exposure to HEV in the general US population is declining over time and might reflect a cohort effect.
Poluição atmosférica: estudo de caso do Município de São Luís do Maranhão
Authors: Pinheiro Juarez Mota , Bittar Venturi Luís Antônio , Galvani Emerson
Published: November 2020

As capitais brasileiras têm apresentado problemas ambientais atmosféricos de diversas ordens, repercutindo negativamente na qualidade de vida de seus habitantes. São Luís, capital do estado do Maranhão, com uma população de mais de 1 milhão de habitantes constitui um bom exemplo de capital brasileira que também convive com problemas ambientais atmosféricos. A pesquisa ao analisar a poluição atmosférica da cidade de São Luís procurou também correlacionar com seus aspectos geográficos (físicos e humanos) por entender que somente é possível compreender a complexidade do problema não se limitando apenas às suas fontes poluidoras e volumes emitidos. Os dados coletados foram obtidos de sete estações automáticas de monitoramento de qualidade do ar pertencentes à Companhia Vale S/A dentro do município de São Luís e orientados para uma análise evolutiva e integrada. Os resultados alcançados pela pesquisa indicaram que a estação EMAP, localizada na zona portuária do município, foi a única que apresentou valores que ultrapassaram os limites estabelecidos pela Lei com os seguintes valores de porcentagens para Particulados Inaláveis nos seguintes anos: em 2013 (68%); 2014 (87%); 2015 (110%) e 2016 (2%). Também foi possível identificar que entre os meses de julho a dezembro, na estação seca, foram identificados aumentos significativos dos índices de poluição atmosférica na ordem de 25,6% para Particulados Inaláveis e 35% para Particulados Totais em Suspensão. Concluímos que além das fontes poluidoras, no caso de São Luís, a pluviosidade e o vento são fatores geográficos preponderantes na determinação dos níveis de poluição na cidade.
Microbial diversity in the surroundings and selected parts of the imperial throne of D. Pedro II - Characterization by classical microbiology and molecular biology, before and after restoration interventions
Authors: da Costa Antonio Carlos Augusto , Zanatta Eliane Marchesini , Corrêa Fernanda do Nascimento , Cardoso Renata Nascimento , de Oliveira Ana Lucia Chaves , Lutterbach Márcia Teresa Soares
Published: November 2020

The Museu Imperial has an important historical collection from the Portuguese Royal Family in Brazil. The throne represents the imperial power and is considered one of the most important objects in the museum; however, the piece has been facing for decades a gradual deterioration, mainly in its fabrics. With the growing motivation to preserve this property, conservation and restoration processes were conducted in all parts of the throne. As a part of this treatment, a microbiological survey was conducted in selected parts of the object and the surrounding environment where it was placed. This biodeterioration study, control and detection of microbial species indicated a very pertinent answer in relation to the place it was exposed, and the restoration process was performed in order to solve the most pronounced damages aiming to restore the original characteristics of the artefact. The study indicated a high diversity of fungi and bacteria. It was observed a marked decrease, before and after restoration, being observed the recurrence of the genera Absidia, Cladosporium and Epicoccum. This reduction was not so pronounced for bacteria, being also observed the recurrence of some bacterial groups after restoration (Microbacterium, Staphylococcus and Kocuria). In the atmosphere new fungal species were found after restoration, indicating a natural recontamination of the exhibition area.
Single-Visit Apexification of Immature Necrotic Permanent Teeth with the use of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: A Case Series
Authors: GARG Ishika
Published: November 2020

The treatment of immature necrotic permanent teeth with wide open apices often poses a significant challenge for the clinician. The lack of an apical stop complicates the obturation and achievement of good apical seal in such teeth. The treatment of choice for necrotic teeth with immature root is apexification, which is induction of apical closure to produce more favorable conditions for conventional root canal filling. The most commonly advocated medicament is calcium hydroxide. But the disadvantages of long treatment time, tooth fracture risk and incomplete calcification of apical bridge have led to the development of newer biocompatible materials which can complete apexification in a single visit. Although different materials are available, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) remains the material of choice for forming an immediate apical barrier because of its superior clinical properties and high success rate. This case series highlights the use of MTA for formation of hard tissue barrier in nonvital permanent teeth with open apices with demonstrated clinical and radiographic success.
ORIGO GENTIS V ČESKÉ STŘEDOVĚKÉ HISTORIOGRAF II
Authors: Bláhová Marie
Published: November 2020

The author deals with the history of the founding myth of Czech Slavs from its oldest recording to the end of the Middle Ages. The legend of the origin of Czechs lived on in three phases of the Middle Ages. Stage one was captured by Cosmas of Prague († 1125) in the oldest nation-state chronicle. Another milestone was the founding legend in the Old Czech Chronicle recorded by so-called Dalimil from the early second decade of the 14th century. The founding myth changed fundamentally in two official chronicles which were written under the authority of Charles IV (1346-1378), the “Bohemian Chronicle” by Giovanni de’ Marignolli of Florence and the other “Bohemian Chronicle” by Přibík Pulkava of Radenín.
ZAB YTKI ZE STOPÓW MIEDZI Z CMENTARZYSKA SKA NDYNAWSKIEGO W B RZYNIE, POW. PUCKI, W ŚWIETLE ANAL IZ METAL OZNAWCZYCH. UWAG I NAD SPOSOBEM POZYSKIWANIA SUROWCA W OKRESIE WĘDRÓWEK LU DÓW
Authors: Strobin Anna , Strobin Jarosław
Published: November 2020

Archaeological artefacts made of copper alloys are a particularly valuable source of knowledge about ancient societies; in recent years these finds have been more and more often analysed in terms of their chemical composition. Observations based on the results of these analyses are conducive to indicating alloys characteristic of specific chronological periods and to considering the origin of the materials and the operations of workshops.
Einleitung
Authors: Ehrmann-Herfort Sabine , Schmidt Dörte
Published: November 2020

The German Historical Institute in Rome (DHI Rome) is the only one among the Humanities Institutes of the Max Weber Foundation abroad to have its own music department, the importance of which in the German-speaking world is demonstrated by the close and structurally anchored connection with the Gesellschaft für Musikforschung (German Musicological Society), among other things, which has been in place since the beginning. The 60th anniversary of the Music History Department at the DHI Rome (after the focus on the historical reappraisal of its founding history on the occasion of its 50th anniversary) now provides an opportunity to focus on the question of the methodological conditions of the relationship between historically active musicology and historical studies. In the end, the question will not only be what opportunities lie today in the connection of the two disciplines, but also why this should continue to be done within the framework of research humanities institutes abroad.
Noten und Akten
Authors: Schenk Dietmar
Published: November 2020

Historical archives are institutions holding historical sources, in particular deeds and files, that is to say records created in the past for administrative and legal purposes. Today, historical archives are responsible for preserving administrative documents that will become sources of history in the future. This paper reviews the connection – and disconnection – between archives of this type and musicology. In the field of music-historical research, it is most common to use music libraries and other special music collections, particularly to examine original manuscripts of musical compositions. Music historians have focused less on archival sources, though these are increasingly valued thanks to the influence of cultural history. On the other hand, historians dealing with general history have been little interested in the history of the arts and, particularly, in music history, instead focusing mainly on political, social and economic issues. Archivists have shared these preferences. By contrast, this article presents examples of the potential of archival sources for music-historical research, and shows that Archival Science contributes to the management of written cultural heritage in the field of music as well.
Verfolgungsinstrument Schwarze Liste
Authors: Reichard Tobias
Published: November 2020

The article investigates the importance of ‚blacklists‘ as a tool of Fascist and National Socialist racial policy in the field of music. It critically examines the radicalizing effects that National Socialist antisemitism exerted on Fascist racial policy, which has often been described as yielding to German pressure. In fact, Fascist leaders demonstrated their will to cooperate on the ‚Jewish question‘ very early, though Fascist antisemitism never reached the exterminatory dimensions of the Nazi Holocaust. Already in 1936, cultural policymakers were working towards the goals of their German allies, taking initial steps to discriminate against Jewish musicians long before the Racial Laws were introduced in 1938. Various documents recently discovered in the historical archives of the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia in Rome also highlight the pivotal role of musical institutions and their rich documentation in the investigation of cultural policy under Fascist rule, especially since the vast majority of the official records belonging to central institutions like the Italian Propaganda Ministry must be considered lost.
Netzwerke in der Ottonenzeit
Authors: Manganaro Stefano
Published: November 2020

Relationships between kings and monasteries or convents were governed by three privileges: free election, immunity, and royal protection. While the first two privileges have been extensively investigated, royal protection has attracted little attention among medievalists, with the exception of German scholarship. The latter has usually emphasised a specific consequence of the use of this privilege, namely the transfer of ownership rights over the monastery or the convent from the founders’ family to the king. However, this was just one possible effect of royal protection, not necessarily the most common or most important. The distinguishing features of this privilege have been largely ignored, namely its nature as a right in personam, and not in rem, as well as its jurisdictional content, since royal protection allowed protected persons to be judged by the royal court. This article aims to explore the full political potential of royal protection, and to reconstruct the institutional dynamics that the use of this privilege could trigger in the Ottonian period. Two case studies are analysed comparatively: Central Italy and Eastern Saxony. Though different and distant from each other, these two political spaces can be fruitfully compared, as the Ottonians and the religious communities of these areas deliberately decided to make intensive use of royal protection to shape their mutual relationships. This comparative study reveals significant differences in the political application of the privilege in the two regions, in part reflecting a dissimilar understanding of the idea of royal protection itself. This privilege established a bilateral and asymmetrical relationship of variable intensity, which could change in time and space depending on the variable degree of political autonomy enjoyed by the protected abbot (abbess) and his (her) community as well as the different attitude of the king, acting as a lenient judge or as lord of those under his protection.
Guido Bentivoglios „Della Guerra di Fiandra“ und die europäische Zeitgeschichtsschreibung über den niederländischen Aufstand (1596–1648)
Authors: Kempkens Dieter
Published: November 2020

This essay offers a complete analysis and contextualization of Guido Bentivoglio’s contemporary history „Della Guerra di Fiandra”. The comparison with works by historians from the Netherlands, France and Italy, also translated into several languages, on the uprising of the provinces of the northern Netherlands, reveals similarities in composition, stylistic devices, communication with readers and their explicit or implicit individual intentions: they wished to influence current politics. In contrast to the others, Bentivoglio did not write a history book that could be verified by many sources, but a political and military textbook for readers, whom he wished to instruct and delight with classical stylistic devices, situationally used sentences and fictional speeches. With his combination of res gestae with res fictae he created a variant of contemporary history.
Die italienischen Reichslehen im Spiegel der Nuntiaturberichte in der Zeit um 1630
Authors: Becker Rotraud
Published: November 2020

During the Thirty Years’ War, the affairs of the Italian imperial fiefdoms could not be at the centre of Imperial Court policy. The correspondence of the nuncios with the Roman Secretariat of State, however, shows that disputes over enfeoffments and other feudal-law problems were not important only in connection with the War of the Mantuan Succession, but that conflicts arose in various areas of northern Italy and kept the Imperial Court Council and imperial commissioners occupied. On the one hand, there were conflicting views concerning the feudal status of territories annexed by the Papal States. In addition, there were unclear legal conditions and disputes regarding many small dominions in the border regions of Savoy-Piedmont, Milan, Genoa and Tuscany, and not just because of the efforts of these principalities to incorporate imperial fiefdoms. There were also serious conflicts over generously granted imperial enfeoffments not in line with Spanish interests. The reports of the nuncios also name some of the fief holders who were taking legal action in Vienna. Additionally, they show that measures taken by the Imperial Court regarding the Italian imperial fiefdoms were considered with great suspicion in Rome and that the Curia in various cases conformed to the French position, which tended to ignore or expressly reject the idea that the imperial fiefdoms were under the control of the Emperor.
L’Antirisorgimento nel dibattito pubblico dell’Italia repubblicana
Authors: Cajani Luigi
Published: November 2020

During the celebration of the 150th anniversary of Italian unification in 2011 three disparaging views of the Risorgimento were publicly expressed: the first by ultraconservative Catholics, the second by the neo-Bourbon movement and the third by the Lega Nord. This article analyses their cultural roots, evolution and mutual relations, with a particular focus on the neo-Bourbon movement, the most active during recent years.
Demand and Supply of Face Masks during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Iyer Swaminathan P.
Published: November 2020

Healthcare workers caring for sick patients are exposed to biological aerosols or droplets generated from sneezing, coughing, breathing, and speaking that may include normal oral, nasopharyngeal, or skin bacteria along with infectious ones such as coronavirus disease (COVID-19). It therefore follows that one of the main aspects of personal protective equipment against COVID-19 is the mask. It has now been conclusively shown that use of surgical masks by general public and health care personnel have helped to prevent the spread of infection, particularly COVID-19. In this brief technical note, we address the urgency in meeting the increasing demands of masks as the first line of defense in the ongoing pandemic.
Open-Access Single-Session Therapy in the Context of Stepped Care 2.0
Authors: Cornish Peter A. , Churchill Annmarie , Hair Heather J.
Published: November 2020

Single-session, or one-at-a-time, open-access care is central to the mental health care system transformation process now underway in several parts of Canada. Single-session principles align well with a mental health recovery strategy and the new Stepped Care 2.0 (SC2.0) model under consideration across Canada. SC2.0 provides a framework for integrating single-session open-access care within the broader mental health ecosystem. Through continuous co-design the model connects values and addresses inevitable tensions that arise when attempting system integration. Model development and scaling is still in the early stages. More work needs to be done, including both program evaluation and independent research. Continued critical attention is the only way to maximize impact at a population level. With open access to an array of resources, organized to meet people where they are in terms of readiness, functioning and capacity for engagement, population mental health is possible. This paper highlights the importance and effectiveness of open-access counseling in a stepped care framework.
Backmatter
Authors: Editorial Staff
Published: November 2020

Backmatter