Integrating evidence and causal mapping of help-seeking behaviour of migrant women with postpartum depression in Shanghai, China: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Lee Yin Jien , Taft Anita , Kacham Rithika , Wong Connie , Cai Yuyang , Li Hong , Darmstadt Gary L 
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The estimated prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) worldwide, in China, and Shanghai is 17.2%, 18.0% and 23.2%, respectively. In 2021, Shanghai housed a population of 3.2 million childbearing-age migrant women, most of whom migrated to the city with their husbands for economic reasons. There is a general lack of help-seeking behaviour for mental disorders in China due to the perceived risk of social stigmatisation. In Shanghai, 70% of women did not seek professional help for perinatal mental health problems. We aim to gather information from multiple perspectives, such as the migrant women with PPD and perinatal depression (PND), their caregivers, health service providers and communities, to understand the help-seeking behaviour of postpartum migrant women with PPD or PND in China.

Methods and analysis

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework for Scoping Reviews will guide this review. A bilingual research librarian developed a comprehensive search strategy to retrieve published and unpublished English and Chinese studies involving factors influencing women’s PPD or PND help-seeking behaviour in China. This literature includes perceptions, views, patterns, acceptance and refusal, tendencies, probability, service accessibility and utilisation, and facts. We will search PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL for English literature and CINKI for Chinese literature. Backward and forward snowball approaches will be used to identify additional relevant papers from the reference lists of selected papers. Two independent reviewers will screen the title and abstract and review the full text of selected papers to identify eligible articles for data extraction. We will build a Microsoft Access database to record the extracted data. The results will be presented in tables and a causal map to demonstrate the relationships between extracted variables and help-seeking behaviours for PPD and PND. A conceptual simulation model will be formulated based on the information from the literature to validate the logic of the relationships between variables, identify knowledge gaps and gain insights into potential intervention approaches. Experts and stakeholders will be invited to critique and comment on the results during group model building (GMB) workshops in Shanghai. These comments will be essential to validate the findings, receive feedback and obtain additional insights.

Ethics and dissemination

The literature review component of our study does not require ethical approval because the information and data collected will be obtained from publicly available sources and will not involve human subjects. Our collaborating research partner, International Peach Maternal Child Hospital, obtained the IRB approval (GKLW-A-2023-020-01) for screening and enrolling participants in GMB workshops. Stanford University received IRB approval under protocol number 67 419. The full review will be presented at a relevant conference and submitted to a peer-reviewed scientific journal for publication to report findings.