bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tecnologia, Saneamento e Sustentabilidade: Saneamento Rural no Programa Moradia Camponesa
Authors: Sacho Sara Duarte , Miziara Fausto , Hora Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro
Published: December 2021

Diante da longa trajetória de invisibilidade das regiões rurais nas políticas públicas em habitação e saneamento no país, esta pesquisa tem como pergunta central: como o saneamento é tratado nos programas de habitação de interesse social em regiões rurais? A discussão é desenvolvida a partir de um estudo de caso da experiência com o Programa Moradia Camponesa (PMC), no âmbito do Programa Nacional de Habitação Rural (PNHR) nos municípios de Silvânia e Vianópolis em Goiás, com revisão bibliográfica; observação participante na agenda MCP de saneamento rural; levantamento e análise documental; e realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com os atores envolvidos na implementação do programa.  Foi verificado que a incorporação de modelos urbanos nas zonas rurais acontece desde a estrutura, burocracia e operacionalização do programa, herdados das experiências com os programas habitacionais urbanos. A temática do saneamento é tratada de forma secundária no planejamento da habitação sob a ótica da política pública. Apesar de culminarem no mesmo objeto, a moradia, as políticas públicas em habitação de interesse social e saneamento básico seguem fragmentadas em programas e iniciativas nas regiões rurais.
Fitorremediação como Alternativa de Tratamento em Emissões de Lixiviado em Aterros Fechados
Authors: Braga Luciana Cesário , Zaneti Izabel Cristina Bruno Bacellar
Published: December 2021

O descomissionamento e encerramento das atividades em aterros controlados e lixões, embora almejado, gera grande preocupação a todos os países. Além do enorme passivo ambiental, a produção constante de subprodutos continua a impactar o ambiente mesmo depois do encerramento das atividades nesses locais. Com os avanços tecnológicos, ferramentas importantes foram desenvolvidas visando não somente a remediação, mas também a recuperação dessas áreas e dos subprodutos gerados por ela. O lixiviado emitido por aterros, além de conter níveis significativos de poluentes, gera um custo elevado para ser devidamente armazenado e tratado. Algumas alternativas sustentáveis para seu tratamento se destacaram, uma delas é a fitorremediação utiliza plantas e sua microbiota associada na remoção de poluentes da água e do solo. Trata-se de uma tecnologia de baixo custo, pouca mão de obra, com resultados satisfatórios, abarca um ramo de contaminantes numeroso, atua tanto nos quesitos ambientais, como os sociais e econômicos. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma síntese de estudos acerca da fitorremediação em lixiviado de aterros controlados e lixões visando a recuperação ambiental. O presente trabalho apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica de artigos sobre fitorremediação em áreas de aterros indexados na Principal Coleção do “Web of Science” no período de 2005 a 2020. A análise bibliográfica demonstrou o enorme potencial da técnica relatando uma grande diversidade de espécies, entretanto muitos trabalhos focam em plantas já amplamente conhecidas como Populus sp, Salix sp., e as macrófitas Eichhornia crassipes e Typha latifólia. Foi observada uma diversidade ampla de poluentes tratados, porém a maioria desses são comuns a diversas áreas contaminadas, não apenas as áreas de aterro. Foi observada a necessidade de estudos com maior diversidade de espécies vegetais, visando inclusive a utilização de espécies nativas com potencial fitorremediador já relatado em outros trabalhos.
Disposição a Pagar por Espaços Verdes Urbanos
Authors: Cruz Neto Claudiano Carneiro , Silva Carlos Eduardo Menezes da , Ferreira Zenaide Rodrigues , Albuquerque Victor Emmanuel Andrade , Morais Ivano Fabricio Santos de , Silva Ívison Renato Vasconcelos , Santos Natália Ferraz Lima dos , Albuquerque Juliana Silveira de Moura
Published: December 2021

O artigo buscou responder: quanto os frequentadores do parque Araçá (Recife - Pernambuco) estão dispostos a pagar por melhorias propostas - cenário com melhoria da qualidade ambiental - na área de estudo? Aplicamos o método de valoração contingente para estimar o valor econômico da área, avaliando a Disposição a pagar (DAP) de seus frequentadores. Buscamos entender quais os fatores socioeconômicos contribuem nas preferências dos usuários por visitação ao parque. O modelo adotado foi um Probit Bivariado com perguntas duplas (dicotômicas). Calculamos dois modelos para estimar a DAP – forma funcional linear na renda e forma funcional log linear na renda. O primeiro teve DAP de R$ 11,71, enquanto o segundo foi de R$ 11,23. O resultado de ambos os modelos mostrou que o valor do lance oferecido a exerce maior influência sobre probabilidade de os entrevistados dizerem sim. E que, fatores como o sexo, a idade e o nível de escolaridade dos entrevistados não se mostraram bons fatores explicativos da aceitação do lance. A distância da moradia em relação parque, o dia em que ocorre a visita e o tempo de visita são variáveis que explicaram bem a aceitação do lance. Ao final calculamos o excedente do consumidor, R$ 545.151,90 (modelo logLinear) e R$ 568.075,52 (modelo linear).
EDUCA MAIS TRÂNSITO
Authors: Pereira Colares Leitão Luciana , Claro Costa Silva Ferraz Mikaelle , Souza de Araujo Christian , Crisitina Costa Barbosa Thais , Piassi Dias Godói Isabella
Published: December 2021

O trabalho é um relato de experiência vivenciado durante ações educativas desenvolvidas pelo Projeto de Extensão Educa Mais Trânsito. As ações foram realizadas no âmbito das escolas públicas e privadas do município de Marabá (PA) por estudantes e professores do Curso de Saúde Coletiva, Pedagogia e Geografia da Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará. O projeto desenvolveu estratégias pedagógicas sobre educação para o trânsito, com o público infantil e juvenil através de palestras educativas e jogos interativos. Diante do alto número de acidentes no município, ações educativas como as desenvolvidas pelo projeto, tornam-se  necessárias e estratégicas com o público trabalhado, uma vez considerados multiplicadores de conhecimento a seus círculos sociais. O projeto também contribuiu com ampliação e integração das práticas extensionistas para os estudantes e professores integrantes.
VIAGEM PELO CÉU E FEIRAS DE MATEMÁTICA:
Authors: Siewert Katia
Published: December 2021

O contexto da crise gerada pela pandemia de COVID-19, que levou à suspensão das aulas presenciais, reforçou a necessidade do uso pedagógico de recursos tecnológicos nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem como ferramentas potenciais de apoio didático. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar a produção de conteúdo digital, vídeos e atividades interativas como incentivo ao ensino da Astronomia e da Matemática na Educação Infantil e séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Para isso, foi criado, nas redes sociais, o perfil Viagem pelo Céu e utilizou-se a plataforma Powtoon para a produção de vídeos lúdicos. Como resultado, o projeto propagou informações científicas direcionadas ao público infantil, com alcance de outros públicos através das postagens nas redes sociais, reforçando a importância de atividades interativas para a alfabetização científica de estudantes.
NEW SPECIES AND OCCURRENCES OF UROPODINA MITES (MESOSTIGMATA) FROM BRAZILIAN CAVES
Authors: Conceição Pedro H. S. , Pepato Almir R.
Published: December 2021

A new species belonging to the genus Uroseius Berlese, 1888 (Trachytidae, Mesostigmata) is described based on the morphological characters of three females and one male collected from caves in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The new species differs from other Neotropical species in having two shapes of idiosomatic ventral and dorsal setae, a character shared with Palearctic species. New occurrences of Oplitis apicalis Lopes, Oliveira, Delabie and Klompen, 2015 are also reported.
A REPLACEMENT NAME FOR THORIA ZACHARDA (ACARIFORMES: PROSTIGMATA: EUPODOIDEA)
Authors: Ceccolini Filippo , Cianferoni Fabio
Published: December 2021

A genus name of Trombidiformes Prostigmata turned out to be a junior homonym (preoccupied by an insect name) and a replacement name is proposed: Sigthoria nom. n. pro Thoria Zacharda, 1980 nec Stål, 1864. Two new combinations (comb. n.) are provided.
Healthcare Professional’s Perceptions of E-Learning during the COVID-19
Pandemic
Authors: Hamad Adel Khalifa Sultan , Shehab Abdulla , Ali Khalifa Abdulrahman , Makwana Dayaram , Al Qassim Ghada
Published: December 2021

Background:

COVID-19 has a significant impact on lives worldwide. Owing to the adverse effect of this pandemic, there has been a major shift from in-person
learning activities to virtual learning. Different methods of virtual learning or e-learning, such as online classes and webinars, have emerged
rapidly.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to identify the perceptions of healthcare professionals regarding e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method:

An online survey was conducted using Microsoft Forms sent via a text link to mobile phones and emails to healthcare professionals. The
questionnaire had multiple-choice questions and five-point scaling to determine perceptions about virtual learning. Data in the form of responses
were collected, analyzed, and summarized as mean ± standard deviation and percentage.

Results:

Responses were received from a total of 410 participants, out of which 240 (58.54%) were females, and 170 (41.46%) were males. Among all
participants, 294 (71.71%) were doctors. A vast majority of participants (90%) attended online webinar/e-conferences since the pandemic. The
mobile phone was the most commonly used device for e-learning. More than half of the participants opined that in-person meetings are more
effective than virtual meetings. In terms of medical learning, 40.48% of participants believed that virtual conferences are more convenient
compared to conventional in-person attendance. According to 42.2% of participants, lack of personal interaction in virtual meetings affected their
ability to acquire knowledge and experience.

Conclusion:

Our survey demonstrated the acceptance of virtual learning by healthcare professionals as a new learning method. The majority of participants
seem willing to adapt to this new medium.
Preventing the Catastrophe: Aberrant Carotid in Adenoid and Tonsil Surgery:
Two Case Reports
Authors: Mohiuddin Irshad M. , Burud Sajid , Vats Mayank , Vats Deepa
Published: December 2021

Background:

Adenoid and tonsil surgeries are the most commonly done surgical procedures, with haemorrhage being an important complication. Fatalities due
to haemorrhage almost never occur, but the occasional devastating outcomes that are life-threatening become a frequent source of litigations and
audits. Catastrophic bleeds are usually due to an aberrant vessel or carotid protruding in the pharyngeal airway. The aberrant carotid poses a risk
during routine pharyngeal surgeries like adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, Quincy and Para-pharyngeal abscess drainage, UPPP, pharyngeal biopsies,
etc. and injuries during routine pharyngeal surgical procedures can be catastrophic due to massive bleeding.

Case report:

We report two cases of routine Adeno-tonsillectomy surgeries where aberrant carotid vessels protruding in the adeno-tonsil surgical area were
identified by endoscopic transoral evaluation intraoperatively. The surgery in these cases was postponed for further investigation due to the risk of
injury and catastrophic bleeding.

Conclusion:

Aberrant carotids are usually clinically silent, and adenoid removal in most cases is a blind procedure done by curettage. There are no guidelines to
identify aberrant vessels pre or intraoperatively, and preventing injury and catastrophic bleeding depends on surgeon’s experience and caution.
These cases underline the importance of due vigilance and taking steps before starting the procedures, particularly pre-and intraoperative transoral
endoscopic assessment for identifying aberrant vessels in the upper airway area, thus preventing injury and avoiding devastating complications. We
report these cases and underline the steps to identify aberrant vessels in the upper airway surgical field before starting surgery to prevent a
potentially catastrophic complication.
Role of Non-Coding RNA of Human Platelet in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Inzulza-Tapia Angela , Alarcón Marcelo
Published: December 2021

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major cause of death in the world. Numerous
genetic studies involving transcriptomic approaches aimed at the detailed understanding
of the disease and the development of new therapeutic strategies have been conducted
over recent years. There has been an increase in research on platelets, which are
implicated in CVD due to their capacity to release regulatory molecules that affect various
pathways. Platelets secrete over 500 various kinds of molecules to plasma including
large amounts of non-coding (nc) RNA (miRNA, lncRNA or circRNA). These ncRNA
correspond to 98% of transcripts that are not translated into proteins as they are important
regulators in physiology and disease. Thus, miRNAs can direct protein complexes to
mRNAs through base-pairing interactions, thus causing translation blockage or/and transcript
degradation. The lncRNAs act via different mechanisms by binding to transcription
factors. Finally, circRNAs act as regulators of miRNAs, interfering with their action.
Alteration in the repertoire and/or the amount of the platelet-secreted ncRNA can trigger
CVD as well as other diseases. NcRNAs can serve as effective biomarkers for the disease
or as therapeutic targets due to their disease involvement. In this review, we will focus
on the most important ncRNAs that are secreted by platelets (9 miRNA, 9 lncRNA
and 5 circRNA), their association with CVD, and the contribution of these ncRNA to
CVD risk to better understand the relation between ncRNA of human platelet and CVD.
An Update on Arginase Inhibitors and Inhibitory Assays
Authors: Pudlo Marc , Muller Jason , Attia Rym , Zedet Andy , Girard Corine
Published: December 2021

Arginase, which converts arginine into ornithine and urea, is a promising therapeutic target. Arginase is involved in cardiovascular diseases, parasitic infections and through a critical role in immunity, in some cancers. There is a need to develop effective arginase inhibitors and therefore efforts to identify and optimize new inhibitors are increasing. Several methods of evaluating arginase activity are available, but few directly measure the product. Radiometric assays need to separate urea and dying reactions require acidic conditions and sometimes heating. Hence, there are a variety of different approaches available, and each approach has its own limits and benefits. In this review, we provide an update on arginase inhibitors, followed by a discussion on available arginase assays and alternative methods, focusing on the intrinsic biases and parameters that are likely to impact results.
Self-Assembled Tocopherol-Albumin Nanoparticles with Full Biocompatibility
for Chemo-photothermal Therapy against Breast Cancer
Authors: Sun Zhenhua , Shen Haijun , Gao Qianqian , Liu Tingting , Wang Haoran , Zhang Ran , Zhou Jie , Ding Sihui , Ye Yang
Published: December 2021

Background:

The combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemotherapy has
proven to be a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Various nanomaterials have shown great potential
in combination therapy, including gold, graphene oxide, iron oxide, and other nanoparticles.
However, their undefinable toxicity in vivo greatly slowed down their development for clinical applications.

Objective:

The present work aimed to develop a multifunctional nanoparticle for chemo-photothermal
therapy composed of acknowledged biocompatible materials.

Methods:

A novel biocompatible nanoparticle (HIT-NPs) was self-assembled through the intrinsic
interaction between D-α-tocopherol Succinate (TOS), human serum albumin (HSA) and indocyanine
green (ICG). Doxorubicin (DOX) was then loaded due to the ion pairing between DOX and
TOS. The feasibility of combined chemo-photothermal therapy induced by DOX-loaded HIT-NPs
was carefully evaluated.

Results:

In vitro, HIT-NPs showed no cytotoxicity on human normal liver cells (HL-7702 cells)
but obvious killing effects on murine breast cancer cells (4T1 cells). The combined chemo-photothermal
therapeutic effect on 4T1 cells was successfully obtained. DOX-loaded HIT-NPs could
effectively accumulate in 4T1 subcutaneous tumors after intravenous injection, and the tumor temperature
rapidly increased under laser exposure, indicating the feasibility of PTT in vivo.

Conclusion:

The self-assembled HIT-NPs could provide a promising platform for combined chemo-
photothermal cancer therapy with full biocompatibility.
Synthesis oftransN-Substituted Pyrrolidine Derivatives Bearing 1,2,4- triazole Ring
Authors: Anwar Shaik , Prasad Tangella Nagendra , Reddy Yeruva Pavankumar , Settipalli Poorna Chandrasekhar , Kumar Vadiga Shanthi , Reddy Eeda Koti , Basha Shaik Firoj
Published: December 2021

Background:

1,2,4-triazoles scaffolds display significant biological activities due to hydrogen bonding, solubility, dipole character, and rigidity

Objective:

The core motif of 1,2,4-triazoles plays a vital role in clinical drugs such as Rizatriptan (anti-migraine), Ribavirin (antiviral), anastrozole (anticancer), etizolam (anxiolytic), estazolam (anticonvulsant), alprazolam (anti-hypnotic), letrozole (aromatase inhibitor), loreclezole (anticonvulsant), trazadone (antidepressant) etc

Method:

Epoxide ring opening of tert-butyl 6-oxa-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane-3-carboxylate followed by methylation under basic conditions and de-protection gave the corresponding trans 1-(4-methoxypyrrolidin-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole hydrochloride salt as the precursor. This precursor on reaction with substituted benzoyl chlorides and benzyl bromides gave the desired amide and amine products

Results:

A library of 14 N-substituted pyrrolidine derivatives i.e. trans3-methoxy-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) (phenyl)methanone and trans 1-benzyl-4-methoxypyrrolidin-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole were prepared

Conclusion:

Eight novel amides (6a-h) and six amines (8a-f) derivatives were synthesized using 1-(4-methoxypyrrolidin-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole 4 salt with substituted benzoyl chlorides and benzyl bromides.
Effects of Polymethoxylated Flavone Metabolites on ApoB100 Secretion and MTP Activity in Huh7.5 Cells
Authors: Gonçalves Danielle R. , Cesar Thais B. , Manthey John A. , Costa Paulo I.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Citrus polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) reduce the synthesis of liver
lipoproteins in animal and in vitro cell assays, but few studies have evaluated the direct effects of
their metabolites on this highly regulated process.

Objective:

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of representative metabolites of PMF
on the secretion of liver lipoproteins using the mammalian cell Huh7.5.

Method:

In this study, the influences of three PMFs and five previously isolated PMF metabolites
on hepatic apoB-100 secretion and microsomal transfer protein (MTP) activity were evaluated. Tangeretin
(TAN), nobiletin (NOB) and 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptamethoxyflavone (HMF), their glucuronides
(TAN-Gluc, NOB-Gluc and HMF-Gluc) and oxidatively demethylated metabolites
(TAN-OH, NOB-OH, HMF-OH), were incubated with Huh7.5 cells to measure their inhibitory effects
on lipid synthesis.

Results:

The results showed that TAN, HMF and TAN-OH reduced the secretion of apoB-100 in a
dose-dependent manner, while NOB and the other tested metabolites showed no inhibition. MTP
activity in the Huh7.5 cells was significantly reduced in the presence of low concentrations of TAN
and high concentrations of NOB-OH. This study also showed that PMFs and PMF metabolites produced
a wide range of effects on apoB-100 secretion and MTP activity.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that while PMFs and their metabolites control dyslipidemia in
vivo, the inhibition of MTP activity cannot be the only pathway influenced by these compounds.
An Overview of Novel Bioactive Compounds with Potent Anti-Inflammatory
Activity via Dual COX-2 and 5-LOX Enzyme Inhibition
Authors: Mittal Roopal , Sharma Shailesh , Kushwah Ajay Singh
Published: December 2021

Background:

Inflammatory response is the body’s first-line defence mechanism in
which the immune system recognises, counters the antigens, and aids in healing the disease. The
World Health Organisation suggests that inflammation is one of the greatest causes of death in the
world. Inflammation could be acute or chronic due to the release of inflammatory mediators, i.e.
prostaglandins, leukotrienes due to mitogens, and antigens or cytokines found in the body.

Methods:

The detailed studies and conceptual framework of dual COX/LOX inhibitors of natural
origin have attracted great attention. A bibliographic database using PubMed cites for peer-reviewed
research articles with titles containing dual COX-2 and 5-LOX enzyme inhibitors, heterocyclic
moieties, with AND Boolean operator's terms for the last ten years was searched. The quality
papers reviewing the natural or synthetic lead compounds were extracted.

Results:

Out of 127 research and review articles evaluated, 54 articles were cited for providing
high-quality data regarding the pharmacoactive molecules having anti-inflammatory activity via dual
COX-2/5-LOX inhibition. In addition, in silico and experimental studies on dual COX/LOX inhibitors
in increasing hierarchical order over the past decade were illustrated.

Conclusion:

This review provides details of isolated bioactive compounds, such as pyrazole,
coumaperine, indoles, and phenanthrene derivatives, that have been significantly reported for anti-
inflammatory activities.
Research on Orbit Assembly Strategy of Large-scale Space Truss Structure
Authors: Dai Ye , Xiang Chao-Fang , Bao Yu-Dong , Qi Yun-Shan , Qu Wen-Yin , Zhang Qi-Hao
Published: December 2021

Background:

With the rapid development of spatial technology and mankind's continuous
exploration of the space domain, expandable space trusses play an important role in the construction
of space station piggyback platforms. Therefore, the study of the in-orbit assembly strategy
for space trusses has become increasingly important in recent years. The spatial truss assembly
strategy proposed in this paper is fast and effective, and it is applied for the construction of future
large-scale space facilities effectively.

Objective:

The four-prismatic truss periodic module is taken as the research object, and the assembly
process of the truss and the assembly behaviors of the spatial cellular robot serving for on-orbit
assembly are expressed.

Methods:

The article uses a reinforcement learning algorithm to study the coupling of truss assembly
sequence and robot action sequence, then uses a q-learning algorithm to plan the strategy of the
truss cycle module.

Results:

The robot is trained through the greedy strategy and avoids the failure problem caused by
assembly uncertainty. The simulation experiment proves that the Q-learning algorithm of reinforcement
learning used for planning the on-orbit assembly sequence of the truss periodic module
structures is feasible, and the optimal assembly sequence with the least number of assembly steps
obtained by this strategy.

Conclusion:

In order to address the on-orbit assembly issues of large spatial truss structures in the
space environment, we trained the robots through greedy strategy to prevent failure due to the uncertainty
conditions both in the strategy analysis and in the simulation study. Finally, the Q-learning
algorithm in reinforcement learning is used to plan the on-orbit assembly sequence in the truss cycle
module, which can obtain the optimal assembly sequence in the minimum number of assembly
steps.
Living the Challenges of a Pandemic Through the Succour and Strength of Science
Authors: Ali Sharique A.
Published: December 2021

Nill
On the Ten-year Success in the Application of Partial Extraction Therapy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Al Moaleem Mohammed M.
Published: December 2021

Hürzeler presented the socket-shield technique (SST) more than 10 years ago. The partial extraction therapy (PET), a collective concept of utilizing the patient’s own tooth root to preserve the periodontium and peri-implant tissue, has been remarkably developed. PET comprises a group of novel techniques for post-extraction implant placement. Several modifications of PET and simultaneous implant placement have been presented since its inception. Since its origin, several alterations have been employed in the methodology of partial extraction of the root and the simultaneous implant placement. A repeatable, predictable protocol is needed to provide tooth replacement in esthetic dentistry. Moreover, a standardized procedure provides a good framework for clinicians to report data relating to the technique with procedural consistency. This review aims to illustrate a reproducible and systematic protocol for the PET techniques with immediate implant placement at the aesthetic zone. The most used technique is the socket-shield technique, which is potentially offers promising results, minimizing the necessity for invasive bone grafts round implants in the aesthetic area, clinical data to support this is very inadequate. The limited research data existing is cooperated by a deficiency of well-designed prospective randomized controlled investigations. The present case studies and techniques are of actual incomplete technical value. Retrospective studies published in limited records but are of inconsistent plan. At this point, it is indistinct whether the socket-shield technique will offer a stable long-time outcome or not
Prevalence of Swine Nematodes in Moscow, Russia
Authors: Glamazdin Igor G.
Published: December 2021

To continue the fight against pig helminthiasis, a detailed analysis of the current prevalence of nematodes in these productive animals is required. The assessment of the material after the technological slaughter of pigs kept in the Moscow region revealed the presence of parasitization in their intestines of four nematodes (Ascaris suum, Metastrongylus spp., Trichocephalus spp., Strongyloides spp.) In the form of monoinvasion and any combination thereof. The total infestation of pigs with intestinal nematodes was 55.24%. Trichocytic invasion (Trichocephalus spp.) Occurred in pigs most often (23.77%), ascarous invasion (Ascaris suum) reached 22.38%, strongyloid invasion (Strongyloides spp.) Was noted in 9.09% of cases, metastrongylous (Metastrongylus spp.) was present in 1.75% of cases. In conditions of an increase in the severity of monoinvasion, the size of helminth eggs decreased in Trichuris: size in length by 5.9%, size in width by 7.4%, in Ascaris: length by 4.9%, width by 4.6%, in strongulata eggs a decrease in size is also noted. In the case of mixed Ascaris-Metastrongylous invasion, there was a clear antagonistic relationship, manifested in a decrease in the size of Ascaris eggs. The size of the eggs of Trichuris in the case of an invasion mixed with Ascaris decreased, which is apparently associated with the development of antagonism between them. Comparative analysis of information on the prevalence of nematodes in pigs in farms of the Moscow region and their size can help to increase the effectiveness of treatment and prophylactic measures against helminthiasis, and can be taken into account in the course of further examination of pigs in the Moscow.
Impact of Increased Screen Time on Physical and Psychological Health of Indian Students During COVID-19
Authors: Gupta Shailly
Published: December 2021

Now in the 21st century, both physical and psychological health are associated with technology. By the late March 2020, the Indian government announced multiple lockdowns to fight with COVID-19 pandemic which included the shutdown of all educational institutes due to which all schools, college, and universities had shifted all their classes online by using video conferencing apps which also accounted for a large proportion of tasks that resulted in increased screen time after lockdown compared to pre-lockdown during COVID-19. So, the present study was conducted to determine the impact of increased usage of the screen on Psychological and physical health during the COVID-19 among Indian Students. A cross sectional survey was conducted on Indian students by using self- made Questionnaire with snowball sampling method. A total of 210 responses were received online from various schools and colleges students between 15th August to 30th August 2020. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the screen time spent before and during COVID (t= 19.96; p<0.01). Similarly, a statistically significant positive correlation at 0.01 level was found between screen usage time during COVID-19 pandemic with backache (0.62), neck pain (0.71), headache (0.50), and weight gain (0.52) and with mental health (0.40). Hence the study concluded positive association between screen time with physical and psychological health during COVID-19 among Indian students. It further implies that adequate preventive health measures need to be incorporated among students. There is a scope of further study to identify the impact of over usage of screen on health of individuals of specific population i.e., either adolescents or adults’ group and also on the larger sample size to get more reliable and accurate results.
Perception, Awareness and Knowledge of Dental Professionals About Teledentistry in Saudi Arabia - A Literature Review
Authors: AlShaya Mohammad
Published: December 2021

Access to dental care in Saudi Arabia is a challenge due to the lack of proper distribution of the dental workforce. Teledentistry is the field of dentistry that helps to receive and provide dental service remotely using digital platforms. It can facilitate access to dental care, especially in underserved regions. The implication of teledentistry needs to address the concerns of dental professionals to ensure effective teledentistry application in dental practice. This review aimed to explore the literature about the perception, awareness, and knowledge of dental professionals about teledentistry in Saudi Arabia. Peer-reviewed literature was searched in databases including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar with no time limits using the keywords: “Teledentistry”, “Dental Telemedicine”, “Saudi Arabia”, “Perception”, “Knowledge”, “Awareness”. We identified 7 relevant studies. All of them were after the breakthrough of the COVID-19 pandemic. Two studies targeted all dental professionals while another two studies investigated the dentists. Undergraduate dental students were investigated by one study as well as postgraduates. One study focused on both undergraduate and postgraduate dental students. Our review found that the perception, knowledge, awareness, and attitude of Saudi dental professionals are positive. Many studies pointed out that the dental professionals in Saudi Arabia are practicing teledentistry and are open to learn and get more knowledge about it. Teledentistry got more attention during the post-COVID19 time by Saudi dental professionals. Structured and sustainable models and education pogroms are recommended to utilize the benefits of teledentistry in Saudi Arabia.
Effect of Different Finishing and Polishing Methods for Color Stability of the E-Max Dental Ceramics: In vitro Study
Authors: F Alshiddi Ibraheem
Published: December 2021

In order to assess the influence of finishing and polishing on the surface brightness and color stability of the ceramic veneer, fifty specimens were fabricated with 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness using IPS E-Max Ceramic. After glazing, 10 specimens were untouched as control group, and the other 40 specimens were abraded using 125µm diamond bur to create surface roughness. Forty specimens were divided into four groups (n=10), in group 1: specimens were finished using diamond point, in group 2 specimens’ surface was polished with a polishing kit, Group 3: Each specimen surface was polished with the polishing kit as in protocol 2 and was polished a polishing past and group 4 Each specimen was glazed by heating at 621℃ for 3 minutes followed by a temperature increase of 83℃/min up to 918℃ for 30 seconds. Color measurement was performed using spectrophotometer. Color stability data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test (α=0.05). For Ra values, paired-samples t-tests were used to analyze the data and compare groups. The change in L and E showed a significant difference among the study groups; (group 1, group 2, group 3 and group 4) with respect to three variables L, a and b. A significant difference was noted when compared each group with the control; however, only group 2 showed a significant difference from group 4; the remaining groups demonstrated similar findings for all three variables. The study displayed a significant impact of the finishing and polishing technique on the surface brightness and color stability of ceramic restoration. However, it was evident that combination of two or three polishing techniques which includes polish kit and glaze enhances the surface finish and adds color stability by alternating the yellow – blue axis (increase in b) and red- green axis (decrease in a).
Development of An Efficient Protocol for Rapid Propagation of Curculigo orchioides Using Leaf Explant Culture
Authors: Thi Linh Giang Tran
Published: December 2021

Curculigo orchioides is one of the most common medicinal plants used by diverse cultures and tribal groups. The roots of the plant are used medicinally in Asian countries. Curculigo orchioides have the ability to regenerate through seeds and tubers, but the regeneration rate is low. Plant tissue culture method was believed to have potential for rapid multiplication of this medicinal plant. An efficient protocol for rapid propagation of Curculigo orchioides, of the family Amaryllidaceae, was developed using leaf explants culture. The leaf explants (1 cm x 1 cm squares) cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium were supplemented with various concentrations and combinations of auxins and cytokinins with temperature 25 ± 2°C, relative humidity 85-90% and photoperiod of 12 hours light (2000-3000 lux). Callus induction was obtained within 4 weeks, 2,4-D at 3 mg/l formed profuse callus and the degree was found to be the highest (+++) among all the treatments. The best response to shoot induction, with maximum shoot number 5.33 (mean number of shoots per explant) was obtained using 1.0 mg/l 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP) in combination with 1.0 mg/l Kinetin. In vitro shoots were induced for rooting on 0.5 mg/l of NAA supplemented medium. In order for seedlings propagated in vitro to adapt to natural conditions, plants were growned on a substrate coir: husk ash: sand (with the ratio of 0.5: 0.5: 1) in a greenhouse (humidity: 70%, temperature: 28-300C) gave 88.33% survival rate after 8 weeks of culture. With the results received, this is an effective approach to propagating Curculigo orchioides.
Development and Optimization of Floating Microspheres in Amethopterin
Authors: Mishra Raghav
Published: December 2021

Due to the complexity of gastric emptying, as well as its considerable variability, the in vivo efficacy of drug delivery devices cannot be predicted. When it pertains to drugs with an absorption window in the upper small intestine, a controlled drug delivery system with a longer residence period in the stomach may be of considerable practical significance. Recent developments have shown that floating microspheres are particularly well suited for mixing sustained and delayed releases to achieve a variety of release models with a minimal risk of dumping. The aim of present investigation is to develop and analyze the floating microspheres of amethopterin, which after oral administration could increase the gastric residence time and enhance the bioavailability of the drug by sustained release and minimize the dose dependent side effects as well as improves patient compliance. Floating microspheres of ethyl cellulose, Polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone-K90 were formulated by emulsification solvent evaporation technique. The various parameters of prepared microspheres were studied for SEM, flow properties, buoyancy, yield, percent drug loading, in vitro dissolution studies, stability in different pH and FTIR studies. Microspheres prepared with different concentrations of polymers were spherical in shape with smooth surface. The size of microspheres was in range of 256.02 µm and 362.84 µm. Good drug entrapment and buoyancy were observed for formulation F2. The in vitro drug release after 6h was found to be in range from 58.15% to 96.28%. It was established that the newly created floating microspheres of Amethopterin provide an appropriate and practical solution for the sustained release of medication over a longer period of time, resulting in increased oral bioavailability, effectiveness, as well as better patient compliance.
Development of Technology Transfer in Agriculture During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Russia
Authors: Viktorovna Ukolova Nadezhda
Published: December 2021

In an ever-changing environment, strategic decisions are made when implementing changes in the technology transfer process. Currently, it is important to implement effective measures to stimulate the development of technology transfer in the agro-industrial complex in modern conditions; to develop ways to stimulate the demand of agricultural enterprises for modern technologies, including by optimizing prices for them. Insufficient demand for innovative technologies also arises due to possible risks. In this regard, it is necessary to develop ways to reduce risks in the process of technology transfer in agriculture. The authors investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on technology transfer and the way the coronavirus forced people to change their habits and isolate themselves from each other. During this period of time, the role of digital technologies has increased and technology transfer has come to help build new ties between inventors and consumers of scientific achievements. The authors tried to consider the scenario of technology transfer development in agriculture by proposing an algorithm for implementing the technology transfer process in the country’s agriculture. Methods of benchmarking, comparative analysis and a systematic approach were used to process information obtained from electronic databases, online publications, the legal reference system, and Internet information resources. As indicated in the article, an important task today is to organize effective interaction between participants in the technology transfer process, including in the virtual space on the Internet sites. For the effective functioning of the technology transfer market in agriculture and its infrastructure, it is necessary to regularly monitor the market situation in order to meet the interests of both buyers and sellers as much as possible.
Glutamate Elicits Therapeutic Responses in Light-Induced Sleep-Deprived Zebrafish, Danio rerio
Authors: Devaraj Uthirakumar
Published: December 2021

Sleep deprivation disrupts most neurotransmitters, which can lead to adverse behavioural changes and other psychiatric illnesses. Many neurotransmitter systems, including dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (N.E.) and GABA, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. The precise significance of sleep deprivation (S.D.) changes in the neurotransmitter levels and the mechanism underlying behavioural alterations is unknown. According to research, sleep deprivation (S.D.) has a major effect on an individual’s quality of life and ability to perform essential physiological functions. As a result, we wanted to confirm the levels of neurotransmitters and behavioural modifications in zebrafish after 24, 48, and 72 hours of sleep deprivation and glutamate treatment on the sleep-deprived groups. The T-maze test was used to assess learning and memory alterations in zebrafish. We used the Novel Tank Test (NTT) and Light and Dark Test (LDT) to examine the anxiety-like behaviour. The spectrofluorimetric method was used to determine the quantities of DA, 5-HT, N.E. and GABA. From this study, it is evident that 72h sleep-deprived fish had a loss of learning and memory via T-maze test and also the anxiety levels were very high in the sleep-deprived group than the other groups. The groups that received glutamate after sleep deprivation showed betterment in the behavioural response. Also, the levels of neurotransmitters were increased in the glutamate treated groups than the sleep-deprived groups. Our findings indicate that sleep loss dramatically impairs behavioural responses and disrupts most neurotransmitter concentrations. When sleep-deprived fish were given glutamate, their behaviour and neurotransmitter levels were nearly identical to those of the control group. This study will have a greater impact on sleep deprivation therapy and pave the way for using the neurotransmitters as external therapeutic agents in treating sleep deprivation and other behavioural changes related to sleep deprivation.It has been suggested that zebrafish is an excellent testing subject for loss of sleep on cognition and that it may also be an efficient model for unravelling the pathways that underpin learning and memory formation.
Bovine Anti-leukemic Measures for Improving Live-Stock Farms in Belgorod and Kemerovo Regions of Russia
Authors: Mikhailovna Donnik Irina
Published: December 2021

Bovine leukemia remains one of the most urgent viral diseases in veterinary medicine, and potentially dangerous for humans. The strategy of combating it is aimed at improving the existing measures and full recovery of agricultural enterprises. The quality of animal products is a priority in the field of food safety. The aim of the research was to develop effective antileukemic measures for the improvement of livestock farms in the Belgorod and Kemerovo regions. The proposed antileukemic measures are to increase the frequency of serological studies from 6-th months to the 2-3th months among animals in areas with poor leukemia in cattle, as well as to increase the sensitivity of immunodiffusion test (AGID) due to highly centrifigation of the tested samples and an increase in the temperature of incubation samples close to the physiological norm for animals. The improved technique of staging an immunodiffusion reaction (AGID) allows detecting an average of 12% more infected animals with BLV in comparison with the approved method of staging a serological reaction AGID. Intensive introduction of PCR diagnostics to identify the causative agent of bovine leukemia in young calves, after the neonatal age period, will allow detecting early infection of animals and adjusting the program of antileukemia measures in disadvantaged farms. The introduction of PCR diagnostics in calves in the postnatal period of development in permanently dysfunctional livestock farms will contribute to the recovery of young animals from cattle leukemia in dysfunctional farms. The proposed antileukemia measures for the improvement of livestock farms in the Belgorod and Kemerovo regions made it possible to develop effective preventive measures for disadvantaged farms, improving the epizootic situation in the regions. So, in 2021, it was possible to completely improve the permanently dysfunctional economy of the LLC « Pobeda» in the Belgorod region.
Implementation of Innovation Development Models in Agrarian Sphere of Economy at the North Caucasian Federal District, Russia
Authors: Mikhailovna Baliyants Karina
Published: December 2021

The present paper aims to analyse the problems of the innovation development component in the agricultural economy of the North Caucasian Federal District of the Russian Federation in terms of the operational settings of agroeconomic systems, facilities of economic entities, organisational and economic mechanisms, managerial function and prioritisation of innovation directions. The current aspects of innovation-driven development of the regional agroindustrial complex are discussed. Priorities of innovation development in agriculture and related industries of the agroindustrial complex of the North Caucasian Federal District are proposed, based on the technological reequipment of agroindustrial enterprises, instituting the innovation-driven mechanism of agroindustrial operations, building up the information, people and financial support of the innovation development system of the agroindustrial complex, ensuring proper economic conditions for implementing innovation programmes and projects, state financing of innovation activities, broad attraction of investment and improving solvency. The practical implementation of innovations should rely on a built system of regional innovation-driven development, clear and structured iterations in adopting all groups of innovations in agroindustrial sectors based on centralised vertical alignment between all branches of government and horizontal cross-departmental cooperation. A crucial regulatory role in this process should be played by government structures across economic and education sectors closely tied with agroindustrial production. Effective implementation of innovation policies will depend on ensuring proper economic conditions for putting forward innovation programmes and projects, on the availability of state funding to support innovation activities, attracting investment in the innovation sphere, advancing entrepreneurship and commercialisation of innovation projects. The identification of factors inhibiting the adoption of innovation in the agroeconomy of the North Caucasian Federal District and current trends in innovation activities of enterprises and operations suggests a conclusion concerning the need for a systemic approach to innovation in the region taking into account national interests and makes the basis for further proposals of scientifically-based directions of economic transformations and coordination of efforts between all government structures engaged in this process and responsible for solving these tasks. The findinmgs of this paper can be used by the control bodies of the regional agroindustrial complex, by the students of agricultural colleges and other public and private entities of the North Caucasian Federal District for better economic transformations and coordination.
Prevalence of Violation Among Nurses Working in Public Health Facilities in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mahmoud Al-Momani Mohammed
Published: December 2021

Workplace violence (WPV) is more likely to affect those who work in community services, notably nurses. WPV is generally recognized as a workplace health hazard and has been a significant concern in a number of countries. Limited studies have been conducted in the global countries and this study was designed as a cross-sectional study from Saudi Arabia to document the WPV among the nurses. The aim of this study was to enroll the consequences obtain during the WPV among the nurses in Saudi Arabia. In this cross-sectional study, we have enrolled 550 nurses based on the signed of informed consent form and filled questionnaire. The study results indicated that 77.6% of nurses were violated at work. The 90.4% of the majority violations were classified as verbal abuse. The relatives of the patients violated 66.7% of the nurses, and the occurrence occurred during the evening shifts of the working hours between 2.30-10.30pm. The most violations occurred in the patient room, accounting for 46.8% of all violations, with the severe workload accounting for 89.2% of all violations. However, among the violations, 21.4% of the nurses were reported to senior management. In conclusion, this study confirms the nurses who have participated in this were mentally strong in handling the WPV during their job. Further studies are required for looking at the factors that increase the chance of a repeat event and those that decrease it, as well as development of an intervention program for the emotional load that accompanies WPV. To prevent workplace violence in healthcare settings, it is equally vital to implement policies that supplement the existing call to action.