bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The place of virtual reality in the rehabilitation of patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Korzhova Iu. E. , Fuks A. A. , Klochkov A. S. , Khizhnikova A. E. , Suponeva N. A. , Zakharova M. N.
Published: August 2023

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that limits the ability to work and lead an active lifestyle, mostly in young adults. Physical activity, along with drug therapy, is an essential part of the life of a person with MS. In the last decades, rehabilitation of MS patients has made great progress. However, the problem of compliance is still relevant. Virtual reality (VR) based rehabilitation can not only improve the quality of the training process but also increase patient compliance.Objective: to study the literature data on the effectiveness of the techniques of VR in reducing the severity of symptoms of MS and improving the quality of life.Materials and methods. A thorough literature search of the MEDLINE (Pubmed), eLibrary, and Google Schcolar databases was performed. Papers that met two criteria were included in the study: study population – patients with MS; presence of at least one comparison group (standard therapy or no therapy).Results. Based on the results of the analysis, 44 articles were selected. The efficacy of VR in reducing symptoms of MS such as fatigue, balance disturbances, risk factors for falls, mobility, apraxia, impaired hand function was described, as well as the impact on overall quality of life and its components.Conclusions. The VR rehabilitation can have its own place in the general system of physical rehabilitation and also become an effective tool to increase motivation and quality of life at all stages of rehabilitation.
The Development of Multimedia Teaching Materials for Basic Course of Cooking Massaman Curry and Soup for Students of Thai Professional Vocational Certificate Program, MSC Thai Culinary School
Authors:   Faculty of Home Economics Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakorn, Butkrut Teerapat , Kee-ariyo Chayapat ,   Faculty of Home Economics Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakorn.
Published: August 2023

The purposes of this research were: 1) to determine the effectiveness of multimedia teaching materials in the course of Basic Cooking, Curry and Soup on the topic “Massaman Curry” for Thai Professional Certificate Program Students, MSC Thai Culinary School. 2) to assess suitability and the benefits of multimedia teaching materials in the course of Basic Cooking, Curry and Soup on the topic “Massaman Curry” for Thai Professional Certificate Program Students, MSC Thai Culinary School and 3) to study the students' satisfaction towards multimedia teaching materials in the course of Basic Cooking, Curry and Soup on the topic “Massaman Curry” for Thai Professional Certificate Program Students, MSC Thai Culinary School. The population is 20 students in the Thai Professional Vocational Certificate Program from MSC Thai Culinary School who registered for the Thai Professional Certificate Program at the beginning level. The research tools were multimedia teaching materials, practical test, appropriateness assessment form, the benefits of multimedia and the satisfaction assessment form. The statistics used to analyze the data were mean and standard deviation. The results showed that 1) the effectiveness of multimedia teaching materials in the course of Basic Cooking, Curry and Soup on the topic “Massaman Curry” for Thai Professional Certificate Program Students, MSC Thai Culinary School. Overall, the efficiency was 80.70/89.75, which was higher than the specified criteria.2) The experts have opinions on the suitability assessment and the benefits of multimedia teaching materials in the course of Basic Cooking, Curry and Soup on the topic “Massaman Curry” for Thai Professional Certificate Program Students ,MSC Thai Culinary School Overall, it was at the highest level, and 3) students were satisfied with multimedia teaching materials in the course of Basic Cooking, Curry and Soup on the topic “Massaman Curry” for Thai Professional Certificate Program Students, MSC Thai Culinary School. Overall, it was at the highest level.
Bebidas lácteas fermentadas produzidas com leite de ovelha e o impacto das diferenças físico-químicas na percepção sensorial
Authors: Silva Igor Franklin , Santos Amanda Neris , Costa Isabella Maciel , Gomes José Erick Galindo , Penna Cláudia Freire de Andrade Morais , Souza Marcelo Resende , Salotti-Souza Bruna Maria
Published: August 2023

Com o objetivo de desenvolver uma bebida láctea à base de soro de leite de ovelha e apresentá-la como forma de aproveitamento de recursos, foram desenvolvidas três diferentes formulações de bebida láctea fermentada com leite e soro de leite de ovelha fornecidos por um produtor da região de Bragança, Portugal. A variação das formulações ocorreu nas proporções de soro de leite, com FORM1 com 25% de soro de leite; FORM2, 40% e FORM3, 60%. As bebidas lácteas fermentadas foram avaliadas quanto à gordura, proteína, determinação do pH e acidez titulável, seguido do teste de preferência e aceitação entre as três amostras. As bebidas lácteas fermentadas apresentaram resultados médios de gordura de 6,1% na FORM1, 5,0% na FORM2 e 2,0% na FORM3. Os resultados de proteína foram 5,3%, 4,5% e 3,6% em FORM1, FORM2 e FORM3, respectivamente. Os valores de acidez e pH não diferiram nas três formulações avaliadas. Não houve diferença significativa na aceitação de FORM1 e FORM2, permitindo adição de soro de até 40%. Assim, as bebidas lácteas produzidas com leite de ovelha em diferentes concentrações de soro obtiveram aceitação de 4,3 e 4,23, respectivamente para FORM1 e FORM2, e essas amostras também obtiveram intenção de compra representada pelos termos “com certeza compraria” ou “provavelmente compraria”.
The effects of betaine supplementation on fluid balance and heat tolerance during passive heat stress in men
Authors: Willingham Brandon D. , Rentería Liliana I. , Ragland Tristan J. , Ormsbee Michael J.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Consuming intracellular osmolytes, like betaine (BET), may attenuate symptoms of heat stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of BET supplementation on fluid balance and heat tolerance after a 7‐day loading period and during passive heat exposure.

Methods

A double‐blind, placebo controlled, crossover study compared BET or placebo consumption (50 mg·kg−1, twice daily) for 7 days in young, recreationally active men (N = 11).

Results

During the loading period, no significant interactions were found for any marker of fluid balance between or within conditions. During heat exposure, significant time effects but no condition x time interactions, were found for plasma characteristics (i.e., volume, osmolality, sodium, albumin, and total protein). Plasma volume was significantly increased by min 30 in both conditions (PLA: +6.9. ± 5.0%, BET: +10.2 ± 7.4%) and remained elevated for the remainder of the experimental trial, but was not significantly different between conditions. After 60 min of passive heat exposure, both conditions experienced a similar increase in core temperature (PLA: +0.32 ± 0.22°C, BET: +0.31 ± 0.21°C; p = 0.912).

Conclusions

Supplemental BET did not improve markers of fluid balance or heat tolerance during 7 days of loading or during passive heat exposure.
The effects of age on dyspnea and respiratory mechanical and neural responses to exercise in healthy men
Authors: MacAskill William , Hoffman Ben , Johnson Michael A. , Sharpe Graham R. , Rands Joshua , Wotherspoon Shoena E. , Gevorkov Yaroslav , Kolbe‐Alexander Tracy L. , Mills Dean E.
Published: August 2023

The respiratory muscle pressure generation and inspiratory and expiratory neuromuscular recruitment patterns in younger and older men were compared during exercise, alongside descriptors of dyspnea. Healthy younger (n = 8, 28 ± 5 years) and older (n = 8, 68 ± 4 years) men completed a maximal incremental cycling test. Esophageal, gastric (Pga) and transdiaphragmatic pressures, and electromyography (EMG) of the crural diaphragm were measured using a micro‐transducer and EMG catheter. EMG of the parasternal intercostals, sternocleidomastoids, and rectus abdominis were measured using skin surface electrodes. After the exercise test, participants completed a questionnaire to evaluate descriptors of dyspnea. Pga at end‐expiration, Pga expiratory tidal swings, and the gastric pressure–time product (PTPga) at absolute and relative minute ventilation were higher (p < 0.05) for older compared to younger men. There were no differences in EMG responses between older and younger men. Younger men were more likely to report shallow breathing (p = 0.005) than older men. Our findings showed younger and older men had similar respiratory neuromuscular activation patterns and reported different dyspnea descriptors, and that older men had greater expiratory muscle pressure generation during exercise. Greater expiratory muscle pressures in older men may be due to compensatory mechanisms designed to offset increasing airway resistance due to aging. These results may have implications for exercise‐induced expiratory muscle fatigue in older men.
Alveolate species of Mastogloia (Bacillariophyceae, Mastogloiales), including M. frickei Hustedt 1933 from Guam and two renamed species from Florida
Authors: Lobban Christopher S. , Frankovich Thomas A.
Published: August 2023

Mastogloia frickei Hustedt was found in Guam and studied with scanning electron microscopy. A species known by that name in Florida/Bahamas is shown to be a different species and is described as Mastogloia floridensis sp. nov. Both have alveolate striae, which is unusual in the genus. A third alveolate species was present in Florida samples and had been misidentified previously. It is described as Mastogloia lucayensis sp. nov. Ultrastructure observations of these species expand the diversity of alveolate stria morphology.
An interactive platform for formative assessment and immediate feedback in laboratory courses
Authors: Sfez Ruthy
Published: August 2023

The aim of this work is to use the laboratory platform as a unique tool for engaging and encouraging the students to develop critical thinking and guided self-evaluation abilities. Moreover, the fact that the teaching process in the lab is held in small groups enables the detection of difficulties in an early stage, thus allowing an immediate feedback and relevant assistance. Taking advantage of this unique environment we have developed a rubric score based interface for students and teaching assistants (TAs) aimed to encourage student’s reflection and engagement while enabling a rational and valid grading of students’ performance by the TAs. The rubric consists of eight parameters which are evaluated in each lab session, both by the student and the TA. Following the lab session, a comparison of both evaluations is performed by the lab manager thus enabling real time intervention and formative assessment, along with important insights on the learning process of the student. Our preliminary studies, performed in Chemistry laboratories, indicated that this methodology enabled an efficient formative assessment of the learning process during the course. This tool might help students to rapidly improve their performance in laboratory courses, by stimulation of a continuous reflection process.
The Modern Transformation of Hong Kong Cantonese Films with Realistic Themes in the 1950s and 1960s
Authors: Zhao Weifang
Published: August 2023

From the late 1950s, the creation of Hong Kong Cantonese films with realistic themes entered a new stage. In terms of themes, these Cantonese films continued the indoctrination and enlightenment of Hong Kong’s traditional Cantonese films and the tradition of focusing on the grass-roots class. They also opened up new characters and new themes for Cantonese films, creating a modern scene in Hong Kong’s Cantonese film world from the late 1950s. At the same time, Hong Kong Cantonese films with realistic themes during this period were also trying to explore the commercial genres dominated by comedy and striving to create a new world of entertainment. Through these innovations and changes, Hong Kong Cantonese film production realized the transformation from tradition to modernity.
The predictive value of the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio in adult patients with complicated appendicitis
Authors: Zhao Xin , Yang Jian , Li Jun
Published: August 2023

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CRP/ALB) in the diagnosis of complicated appendicitis in adults.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 202 patients with acute appendicitis admitted to the Emergency Department of Weifang People’s Hospital between January 2021 and December 2022 was conducted. Patients were classified into complicated appendicitis group (CA) and non-complicated appendicitis group (NCA) based on postoperative pathological diagnosis, and the two groups were compared in terms of preoperative age, gender, white blood cell count (WBCC), C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CRP/ALB), serum sodium (Na), and fibrinogen (FIB).

Results

The 202 cases of acute appendicitis in this study, 36.6 % (n=74) were CA. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that CPR/ALB (p≤0.001), FIB (p<0.001), and Na (p=0.011) were risk factors for complicated appendicitis. The results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, conducted to evaluate the role of CRP/ALB, Na, and FIB in detecting CA, showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of CRP/ALB was 0.871, which was higher than that of FIB and Na. CRP/ALB ratio ≥1.04 was an important indicator for predicting complicated appendicitis, with a sensitivity of 78.2 % and specificity of 84.7 %.

Conclusions

CRP/ALB ratio can serve as a good indicator for predicting complicated appendicitis.
Finite element analysis of bending and torsional loading of two different endodontic rotary files with different off-center geometric sections
Authors: Eskibağlar Mehmet , Erdem Serkan , Kaman Mete Onur , Ocak Mevlüt Sinan
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of two endodontic rotary files with different off-center geometries in bending and torsional tests using finite element analysis (FEA). Trunatomy Prime (TRN-P) and WaveOne Gold Primary (WOG-P) files were used in the study. Geometric models for finite element analysis were obtained by micro-computed tomography scanning. FEA analyses were performed according to ISO 3630-1 specifications to evaluate the bending and torsional tests of the files. Trunatomy Prime showed higher flexibility than WOG-P when subjected to bending. In terms of torsional strength, WOG-P showed higher torsional strength than TRN-P. The geometry of a rotary instrument file influences the mechanical behavior (bending and torsion) of rotary files. The clinician should be aware of the behavioral differences in rotary files and use the appropriate file according to the clinical situation in addition to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Design and fabrication of a fish feed mixing cum pelleting machine for small-medium scale aquaculture industry
Authors: Okonkwo Clinton E. , Isaac Moses O. , Alhassan Elijah A. , Ogbevire Marvel , Alake Adewumi S. , Ajao Faith O. , Olayanju Adeniyi T.
Published: August 2023

The study developed a compact, single unit of fish feed mixing and pelleting machine. In this work, a compact fish feed mixing and pelleting machine was designed, fabricated, and evaluated for its performance efficiency. The basic units of the machine are the processing unit, structural support, and the prime mover. The major component of the feed substrates used were maize, fish meal, soya bean cake, blood, and bone meal in their varied proportions blended with wet cassava starch to establish the machine performance and efficiency. The results showed that the varied proportions of starch inclusion in the blended substrate have influence on the investigated machine performance parameters. The performance outputs from the machine revealed the highest pelleting efficiency of 80.36%, pellet durability of 98.74%, throughput capacity of 4.16 kg/h, and the least labour requirement of 0.23 man-hour per kg at a starch inclusion of 0.125 kg, while the highest pellet bulk density of 0.302 g/cm3 was recorded at 0.20 and 0.125 kg starch addition. Machine economic analysis revealed that it can be of benefit for small- to medium-scale fish feed farmers.
Exploring the occurrence, relationship and in vitro culturing behaviors of bacterial populations associated with dental caries in adult patients
Authors: Farva Khushbu , Majeed Hammad , Iftikhar Tehreema , Altaf Faizah , Sattar Huma , Danish Mahmood Muhammad , Zohra Quratulaain , Batool Razia
Published: August 2023

Dental caries, a widespread oral infection affecting people worldwide, has significant societal impact due to its high prevalence. The issue of antibiotic resistance in the oral environment was investigated in rural areas in the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and biofilm development in the bacteria causing dental caries. Cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2021 and October 2022. Standardized questionnaires were used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral habits, and clinical issues. The study included 900 individuals suspected of having dental caries, who were categorized into three groups based on their initial symptoms at the time of diagnosis. Among the patients, 61 % reported tooth discomfort only, 12 % experienced gum bleeding in addition to tooth discomfort, and 27 % had both problems. To assess the effectiveness of antibiotics and extracts against the identified pathogens, the collected samples were transferred to a microbiological laboratory. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22. A statistically significant difference was concluded when the P-value was less than 0.05. Each strain possessed unique molecular and biochemical properties, allowing for their independent utilization without reliance on other strains.
In the footsteps of Ohthere: biomolecular analysis of early Viking Age hair combs from Hedeby (Haithabu)
Authors: Muñoz-Rodriguez Mariana , Presslee Samantha , McGrath Krista , Hausmann Niklas , Hilberg Volker , Kalmring Sven , Holmquist Lena , Hendy Jessica , Ashby Steven Paul
Published: August 2023

Hedeby was the largest town in the Viking North. Investigations have identified imports at the site from central and northern Scandinavia revealing long-distance connections. The chronology of this trade, however, is unclear. Here, the authors use a typological-biomolecular approach to examine connections during the early Viking Age. The application of ZooMS to an assemblage of antler combs, stylistically dated to the ninth century AD, reveals nearly all were made of reindeer antler. As most craft production waste from Hedeby comprises red deer antler, it is argued that these combs were manufactured elsewhere, perhaps hundreds of kilometres further north. The results have implications for understanding of production and regional connectivity in early medieval Scandinavia.
Determination of the Mode I Stress Intensity Factor Based on Symplectic Geometry
Authors: Xiao Yuxuan , Dai Shuhong , Wu Yao
Published: August 2023

A method for determining the mode I stress intensity factor based on the symplectic geometry method is proposed. A fan-shaped region is constructed at the crack tip, and the full state vector of the crack tip is determined with the symplectic geometry method. By combining the full state vector with the displacement field at the crack tip, the stress intensity factor is calculated. Based on the theoretical solution of the displacement field around the mode I crack tip, the effects of the number of data points, the size of the central angle, and the radius on the accuracy of the stress intensity factor are studied. The results show that the number of data points has a great influence on the accuracy of mode I stress intensity factor determined with this method. As the number of data points exceeds 37, the relative error tends to zero stably; the sector central angle has little effect on the accuracy of the stress intensity factor, but under the same accuracy requirements, different sector central angles need different numbers of data points. If the sector radius is too small, the solution of stress intensity factor will be unstable, and the relative error will be large because of the influence of the plastic region at crack tip during the fracture process. By comparing the relative errors under different conditions, it is found that the mode I stress intensity factor calculated by the proposed method is highly accurate and that the stress intensity factor can be accurately obtained by obtaining just the displacement field around the crack tip, which is verified by a digital image correlation experiment. The proposed method solves the problem that the previous solution system has complex steps in the case of complex stress, resulting in the inability to accurately obtain mode I stress intensity factor.
Determination of Electric Energy Production from Solar Chimney with Tree-Based Machine Learning Methods and Interpretation with SHAP Method
Authors: Ateş Fatmanur , Aksoy Bekir , Şenol Ramazan , Üçgül İbrahim , Koyun Arif
Published: August 2023

Electricity generation from solar chimneys is one of the renewable energy production methods that have become widespread in recent years. The correct determination of the location before the installation of solar chimneys is important for the efficiency of the energy to be produced. This study has attempted to produce a solution to this issue by using artificial intelligence that can be explained with tree-based regression methods. For this purpose, the chimney inlet temperature and chimney flow rate produced by the chimney according to the meteorological data taken from around a solar chimney established in Isparta were used. With the inlet temperature and flow rate of the solar chimney, the estimated power to be produced in the solar chimney can be calculated, and it can be determined whether the solar chimney installation area will be efficient or not. Tree-based adaptive boosting (Adaboost), gradient boosting, random forest, extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and bagging methods were used for solar chimney, chimney inlet temperature, and chimney flow rate estimation. The performances of the models were determined using the model evaluation methods mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error. In the study, XGB with 0.0076 MAPE value for chimney inlet temperature and 0.047 MAPE value for chimney flow rate was proposed, and SHapley Additive exPlanations method, one of the explainable artificial intelligence methods, was applied on the proposed model.
Les processus d’écriture du point de vue de deux adolescents autistes
Authors: Boisvert Marie-Eve , Andréa Lavigne
Published: August 2023

Plusieurs recherches soulignent des difficultés dans l’apprentissage et l’utilisation de l’écriture chez des personnes autistes. Toutefois, peu d’entre elles permettent de les comprendre. Cette étude ethnographique vise à décrire, du point de vue de deux adolescents : 1) leurs capacités et leurs difficultés dans leurs processus d’écriture et 2) les facteurs contextuels qui peuvent influencer ces processus. Les résultats mettent en lumière des capacités sur le plan du processus d’idéation des participants en lien avec l’écrit, mais une difficulté à saisir les attentes et à mettre en mots certaines idées, notamment en fonction des consignes données.
Theta Signal Transfer from Parietal to Prefrontal Cortex Ignites Conscious Awareness of Implicit Knowledge during Sequence Learning
Authors: Lu Yang , Guo Xiuyan , Weng Xue , Jiang Haoran , Yan Huidan , Shen Xianting , Feng Zhengning , Zhao Xinyue , Li Lin , Zheng Li , Liu Zhiyuan , Men Weiwei , Gao Jia-Hong
Published: August 2023

Unconscious acquisition of sequence structure from experienced events can lead to explicit awareness of the pattern through extended practice. Although the implicit-to-explicit transition has been extensively studied in humans using the serial reaction time (SRT) task, the subtle neural activity supporting this transition remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether frequency-specific neural signal transfer contributes to this transition. A total of 208 participants (107 females) learned a sequence pattern through a multisession SRT task, allowing us to observe the transitions. Session-by-session measures of participants’ awareness for sequence knowledge were conducted during the SRT task to identify the session when the transition occurred. By analyzing time course RT data using switchpoint modeling, we identified an increase in learning benefit specifically at the transition session. Electroencephalogram (EEG)/magnetoencephalogram (MEG) recordings revealed increased theta power in parietal (precuneus) regions one session before the transition (pretransition) and a prefrontal (superior frontal gyrus; SFG) one at the transition session. Phase transfer entropy (PTE) analysis confirmed that directional theta transfer from precuneus → SFG occurred at the pretransition session and its strength positively predicted learning improvement at the subsequent transition session. Furthermore, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) modulated precuneus theta power and altered transfer strength from precuneus to SFG, resulting in changes in both transition rate and learning benefit at that specific point of transition. Our brain-stimulation evidence supports a role for parietal → prefrontal theta signal transfer in igniting conscious awareness of implicitly acquired knowledge.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThere exists a pervasive phenomenon wherein individuals unconsciously acquire sequence patterns from their environment, gradually becoming aware of the underlying regularities through repeated practice. While previous studies have established the robustness of this implicit-to-explicit transition in humans, the refined neural mechanisms facilitating conscious access to implicit knowledge remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that prefrontal activity, known to be crucial for conscious awareness, is triggered by neural signal transfer originating from the posterior brain region, specifically the precuneus. By employing brain stimulation techniques, we establish a causal link between neural signal transfer and the occurrence of awareness. Our findings unveil a mechanism by which implicit knowledge becomes consciously accessible in human cognition.
Hungry bone syndrome in peritoneal dialysis patients after parathyroid surgery
Authors: Yeh Heng , Yeh Hsuan , Chiang Chun-Cheng , Yen Ju-Ching , Wang I-Kuan , Liu Shou-Hsuan , Lee Cheng-Chia , Weng Cheng-Hao , Huang Wen-Hung , Hsu Ching-Wei , Yen Tzung-Hai
Published: August 2023

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a common complication of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Hungry bone syndrome (HBS) occurs frequently in patients on maintenance dialysis receiving parathyroidectomy for refractory SHPT. However, there is scanty study investigating the clinical risk factors that predict postoperative HBS, and its outcome in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We conducted a single-center retrospective study to analyze 66 PD patients who had undergone parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between 2009 and 2019. The patients were stratified into two groups based on the presence (n=47) or absence (n=19) of HBS after parathyroidectomy. Subtotal parathyroidectomy was the most common surgery performed (74.2%), followed by total parathyroidectomy with autoimplantation (25.8%). Pathological examination of all surgical specimens revealed parathyroid hyperplasia (100%). Patients with HBS had lower levels of postoperative nadir corrected calcium, higher alkaline phosphate (ALP), and higher potassium levels compared with patients without HBS (all P<0.05). A multivariate logistic regression model confirmed that lower preoperative serum calcium level (OR 0.354, 95% CI 0.133–0.940, P=0.037), higher ALP (OR 1.026, 95% CI 1.008–1.044, P=0.004), and higher potassium level (OR 6.894, 95% CI 1.806–26.317, P=0.005) were associated with HBS after parathyroidectomy. Patients were followed for 58.2±30.8 months after the surgery. There was no significant difference between HBS and non-HBS groups in persistence (P=0.496) or recurrence (P=1.000) of hyperparathyroidism. The overall mortality rate was 10.6% with no significant difference found between both groups (P=0.099). We concluded that HBS is a common complication (71.2%) of parathyroidectomy for SHPT and should be managed appropriately.
On Indo-European Prosthesis
Authors: Ballester Xaverio , Dunphy-Hetherington Peter
Published: August 2023

The origin of the vowel that is sometimes found before sonorants, especially before /r/, in Armenian and Greek has been a traditional subject of debate in Indo–European Linguistics. While some authors explain it as a mere prothetic vowel, the followers of the so–called laryngeal theory consider it rather as another evidence of this odd phoneme.
Global Education in the Spanish Educational Policies of Elementary and Primary Education: Utopia or Reality?
Authors: Santamaría-Cárdaba Noelia , Martínez-Scott Suyapa
Published: August 2023

Global education is becoming increasingly relevant at the international level, since forming critical citizens who act against inequalities and in favor of sustainable development is undoubtedly the path to where social transformation should be headed. The role of formal education in developing global competence in students is undeniable, which makes it necessary to include it in educational policies. This study uses a qualitative perspective since a documentary analysis is made to investigate the treatment of global education in the current educational curricula in Spain for Elementary Education and Primary Education. The results show deficiencies when dealing with several key issues for the correct teaching of global education.
Historical, Curricular and Conceptual Evolution of School Physical Education: A Spanish View
Authors: Carrillo-López Pedro José , Rosa-Guillamón Andrés , García-Cantó Eliseo
Published: August 2023

Current school Physical Education is the evolutionary result of a diversity of social, educational, economic, cultural, religious and military developments following transformations since primitive societies. Analysing its historical, curricular and conceptual evolution is essential for teachers, providing them with a historical basis for reflection of the challenges facing school Physical Education in the 21st century. From this analysis it can be seen that we find ourselves in a current reality with different objectives from the era that preceded it. Once the challenge of offering an education for all at the end of the 20th century has been overcome, it is necessary to carry out didactic approaches adjusted to the needs of the students; consequently, they will be aware of maintaining a progressive responsibility and autonomy in the care of their body; physically and psychologically stimulating their motor development and cognitive capacity. In this way, a didactic transposition of the learning learnt at school to its application in real life will be generated, and more specifically so that Spanish pupils will be at the same level as the European average in a future that looks very competitive. Faced with this scenario, the ever-decreasing demands placed on students, where it is increasingly easier to pass without effort, simply to eliminate failure, logically leads to a student body that is analogue, uncritical and often lacking in enthusiasm for learning. For this reason, Physical Education teachers must shed light on this situation by giving critical intentionality to their pedagogical approaches.
Efficacy of Probiotics to Control Ammonia in Oreochromis Niloticus Fishponds in Volta Region, Ghana
Authors: Murali N. , Nair S.G. , Ibañez-Arancibia E. , De los Rios P. , Kalidass S.
Published: August 2023

Current intensification of aquaculture where the organic loads with toxic compounds like NH3 and H2S shoot up beyond the level where naturally occurring bacteria cannot decompose the wastes has necessitated the use of probiotics. Objective. The objective was to use five different probiotics to treat ammonia and analyze the effects on water quality and changes in it in fishponds. Methods. Five different probiotic compositions were used, and the water quality was measured, mainly for ammonia concentration. Results. 5 different ponds located in the village of Agortha, Volta Region, Ghana, were treated with 5 different products simultaneously for 3 months. The concentration of ammonia has come to zero in 2 ponds with pH equal to 8. Conclusions. The results revealed that probiotics addition was efficient in decreasing the ammonia concentration in fishponds.
Combating Scientific Disinformation on Gender-Affirming Care
Authors: McNamara Meredithe , Abdul-Latif Hussein , Boulware Susan D. , Kamody Rebecca , Kuper Laura E. , Olezeski Christy L. , Szilagyi Nathalie , Alstott Anne
Published: August 2023

Scientific disinformation is false and misleading information that is used intentionally by legal and political actors to sway public opinion and oppose facts. In recent years, disinformation has become a tool for authorities to limit gender-affirming health care (GAC) for transgender and gender-expansive youth who experience gender dysphoria. Existing modes of expert intervention in health policy may not be sufficient to match the pace of these quickly unfolding health care bans. A cross-disciplinary team of academics in medicine, psychology, and law assembled to challenge scientific disinformation on GAC with 2 rapid-response rebuttal reports. Reports were produced in 3 to 10 weeks after the passage of GAC bans in Texas, Alabama, and Florida in 2022. They were posted online to facilitate dissemination and engage litigators, judges, policy experts, advocates, parents, and others. The team’s efforts complemented public statements by medical societies and lawsuits brought by national LGBTQ litigators. The team’s reports were cited in legal challenges to GAC bans in Texas, Alabama, and Florida. The team also filed amicus briefs for direct consideration by the courts and public comments to health care agencies in Florida. The reports received coverage in local and national media outlets in broadcast and print media. This advocacy case study describes the process used to challenge disinformation about GAC with rapid-response rebuttal reports, as well as the impact of this work and associated challenges. In an increasingly polarized political climate, this process may be adapted to other areas of health policy in which scientific disinformation takes root.
Yoni dip también tiene hambre o el silencio de las tripas
Authors: Garzón Vélez Julián
Published: August 2023

Este texto dramático aborda el tema de la habitancia en calle desde la sensibilidad humana. Indaga en la injusticia social, la hambruna, el desamparo, la falta de oportunidades y el amor como fuerza motora de la familia. Coloca en cuestión la meritocracia como única visión del progreso y aporta, desde la metáfora, la esperanza de cambio a partir de la transformación personal. Abre una ventana a la vida de las personas que terminan habitando en la calle por diversas circunstancias y genera preguntas sobre la responsabilidad social y humana que todos tenemos con el otro. Esta obra es fruto de una investigación sobre la injusticia social y la desigualdad. Recoge casos reales, documentos, fragmentos e historias de vida de situaciones de pobreza, que se enmarcan en el tema del hambre y la relación analógica del humano y la vida del perro.  Es así que, aunque para muchos el perro significa fidelidad y compañía, también es sinónimo de estar a la deriva, de ser un perro callejero, que lo tratan mal y que vive como los dichos populares lo manifiestan, una vida de perros.
Atomic cluster expansion for Pt–Rh catalysts: From ab initio to the simulation of nanoclusters in few steps
Authors: Liang Yanyan , Mrovec Matous , Lysogorskiy Yury , Vega-Paredes Miquel , Scheu Christina , Drautz Ralf
Published: August 2023

Insight into structural and thermodynamic properties of nanoparticles is crucial for designing optimal catalysts with enhanced activity and stability. In this work, we present a semi-automated workflow for parameterizing the atomic cluster expansion (ACE) from ab initio data. The main steps of the workflow are the generation of training data from accurate electronic structure calculations, an efficient fitting procedure supported by active learning and uncertainty indication, and a thorough validation. We apply the workflow to the simulation of binary Pt–Rh nanoparticles that are important for catalytic applications. We demonstrate that the Pt–Rh ACE is able to reproduce accurately a broad range of fundamental properties of the elemental metals as well as their compounds while retaining an outstanding computational efficiency. This enables a direct comparison of atomistic simulations to high-resolution experiments.

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Terahertz-induced polar state in quantum paraelectric SrTiO3
Authors: Bilyk Vladislav , Brekhov Kirill , Ovchinnikov Andrey , Chefonov Oleg , Mishina Elena
Published: August 2023

The second harmonic generation from strontium titanate crystal under the terahertz excitation has studied at room temperature. The obtained anisotropic dependences show the presence of a terahertz electric field induced polar phase. By analyzing the polarization dependencies of the optical second harmonic intensity, the relative values of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility tensor components were obtained.

Graphical abstract
Effects of vitamins A, C, and D and zinc on urinary tract infections
Authors: Gao Peng , Liang Weijing , Li Haimei , Guan Lijia , Zhao Qian , Li Dan
Published: August 2023

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is responsible for a significant portion of the overall expenses of health care as well as mortality rates globally. We searched through the available research to evaluate whether micronutrient supplements affect the frequency and intensity of UTI in children Papers that investigated the effects of vitamins D and C, zinc, and multiple micronutrient supplementations (MMS) on the incidence and severity of UTI in pediatric patients were pooled together. A random effects model was used to conduct a meta-analysis of data. Vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of UTI and shortened the duration of symptoms in children. If a clinical diagnosis or laboratory investigation was used to confirm UTI, the relative probability of UTI with vitamin D was remote from the null than using the self-report. If vitamin C was administrated, the frequency of UTI was reduced, and the period of clinical manifestations was cut to half. It was not possible to determine the impact of using zinc supplements. According to the findings of the current review, taking micronutrient supplements such as zinc, vitamins C and D, and multiple micronutrient supplementation could assist in preventing UTI and lessen its clinical outcome in pediatric patients. More research is required to establish the effect of individual or combination of micronutrients on the treatment outcomes of UTI.
Simultaneous determination of paracetamol and diclofenac in wastewater by high-performance liquid chromatography method
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Dong  , Nguyen Thi Thu Trang  , Nguyen Viet Hoang  , Pham Tuan Linh  , Pham Thi Yen
Published: August 2023

In this study, a simple, selective, and accurate analysis method was developed for the simultaneous determination of anti-inflammatory drugs (paracetamol and diclofenac) existing inlet and outlet of the wastewater treatment system. This method used solid-phase extraction (SPE) and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA). Separation was performed using an HSR C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 µm) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate in the ratio 60:40 v/v. The flow rate was 1 ml/min, and PDA was detected at 243 nm with paracetamol and 276 nm with diclofenac. The duration of paracetamol and diclofenac was 2.39 and 4.39 min, respectively. The developed method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, and linearity for two drugs found in the range of 0.01 - 1 µg/ml, and 0.02 - 1 µg/ml for paracetamol, and diclofenac, respectively. The limits of detection for paracetamol and diclofenac were 0.003 µg/ml and 0.006 µg/ml, respectively, whereas the limits of quantification were 0.01 µg /ml and 0.02 µg/ml, respectively. The recoveries for paracetamol and diclofenac were greater than 95 %. The described method also has been applied to determine paracetamol and diclofenac simultaneously in the wastewater of the treatment system.
Correlation between heavy metals and polyaromatic hydrocarbons of particulate matter in the flue gas of municipal solid waste incinerators in north Vietnam
Authors: Pham Viet Quoc  , Nguyen Thi Hue  , Nguyen Thi Phuong Mai  , Le Phuong Thu
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to determine the content of heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, and As) and polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), and focus on their relationship in particulate matter (<10μm) contained in the flue gas of the incinerators. Samples were collected in the exhausted gas of 5 municipal solid waste incinerators located in Bac Giang, Bac Ninh, Hai Duong, Hanoi, and Hai Phong. Heavy metals and PAHs were analyzed by ICP-MS and GC-MS, respectively. The heavy metal content shows a significant difference between incinerators, varying from 0.822 to 6.13 × 103 µg/Nm3. In which, the predominant element in the PM10 samples was zinc, accounting for 80% of the total content of studied elements, it was mixed with Pb and Cu (10 to 20%). The contribution of Cd was stable at roughly 5% of the total heavy metal content. Meanwhile, total polyaromatic hydrocarbon exhibited a fairly low concentration, varying from 21.9 to 994 µg/Nm3, of which PAHs have the carcinogenic potential ranging from 21.3 to 73.2% of total PAHs. These results hypothesized the correlation between Zn and Pb to the formation of PAHs during the combustion and discharge to the environment through waste dust. However, the low molecular PAH content decreased when heavy metal concentration increased.
ONE-DIMENSIONAL TRANSIENT MODEL OF FOOD PRODUCT TEMPERATURE AND WEIGHT LOSS EVOLUTION IN A VACUUM COOLER WITH MEMBRANE HUMIDIFICATION
Authors: Paña Ronard , Berana Menandro
Published: August 2023

A one-dimensional, transient model was developed to predict the temperature and weight loss evolution of a food product cooled using a vacuum cooling system with membrane humidification. The model included the following: (1) a sub-model based on the mass conservation of air and vapor inside the vacuum chamber; (2) a sub-model based on the coupled mass and heat transfer with inner vapor and heat generation; and (3) a sub-model based on the mass conservation of water vapor along the flow channels inside the humidifier. The vacuum chamber pressure was reduced from 1 atm to 2200 Pa using a vacuum pump with deflating speed of 500 m3/hr and condenser and membrane humidifier operating temperatures of 13°C and 60°C, respectively. A meat joint with a weight of 5.30 kg was cooled from an initial core temperature of 74°C to below 10°C. The conventional and modified models both cooled the food product to 10°C in 25 minutes. It was found out that increasing the chamber relative humidity reduced the surface water evaporation while the internal evaporation rate remained the same. Thus, the meat's moisture content, which was initially at 73.51%, was reduced to only 65.44%-an improvement from the conventional vacuum cooling system's 64.31%. This translated to product weight loss of only 10.98%, which represented significant progress compared to the conventional system's 12.51%. The simulation results indicated that employing humidification in a vacuum cooling system reduces the product total moisture loss while maintaining the rapid cooling rate.
PHYSICS-INFORMED NEURAL NETWORKS FOR INFORMED VACCINE DISTRIBUTION INMETA-POPULATIONS
Authors: Arulandu Alvan Caleb , Seshaiyer Padmanabhan
Published: August 2023

Accurate numerical and physical models play an important role in modeling the spread of infectious disease as well as informing policy decisions. Vaccination programs rely on the estimation of disease parameters from limited, error-prone reported data. Using physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) as universal function approximators of the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) compartmentalized differential equation model, we create a data-driven framework that uses reported data to estimate disease spread and approximate corresponding disease parameters. We apply this to data
from a London boarding school, demonstrating the framework's ability to produce accurate disease and parameter estimations despite noisy data. However, real-world populations contain sub-populations, each exhibiting different levels of risk and activity. Thus, we expand our framework to model meta-populations of preferentially-mixed subgroups with various contact rates, introducing a new substitution to decrease the number of parameters. Optimal parameters are estimated through
PINNs which are then used in a negative gradient approach to calculate an optimal vaccine distribution plan for informed policy decisions. We also manipulate a new hyperparameter in the loss function of the PINNs network to expedite training. Together, our work creates a data-driven tool for future infectious disease vaccination efforts in heterogeneously mixed populations.
MODELING OF PARTICLE WET MILLING IN A STIRRED TANK USING CFD/PBE COUPLED APPROACH
Authors: Mercier Zoé , Fede P. , Pigou M. , Bayle J.-Ph. , Climent E.
Published: August 2023

Many industrial processes involve grinding and milling operations to produce powders of well-controlled particle size distribution. Improving these processes requires researchers to consider particle-particle interactions, breakage, aggregation, and in the case of wet milling, hydrodynamics. The purpose of this study is to develop a numerical model, accounting for these mechanisms, with the final goal to guide the design of an optimal process. Computational fluid dynamics is coupled with a population balance model. The hydrodynamics of the multiphase flow is predicted using the multifluid Euler approach, whereas the class method is considered to solve the population balance equation. A theoretical definition of the breakage functions, based on hydrodynamics inside the tank, is proposed. The results show that breakage is highly heterogeneous inside the tank and that particle breakage frequency allows researchers to evaluate milling efficiency.
Die kybernetische Großmutter
Authors: Gründler Hana
Published: August 2023

Herbst 1962: Die Welt befindet sich auf dem Höhepunkt des Kalten Krieges, die Möglichkeit einer atomaren Auseinandersetzung zwischen den beiden Supermächten UdSSR und USA erscheint während der Kubakrise so real wie nie zuvor. Zeitgleich wird in einem Sozialistischen Satellitenstaat ein knapp dreißigminütiger, animierter Sciencefiction-Film produziert, der trotz seiner kristallinen Technoästhetik nicht so richtig in die optimistischen Zukunftsvisionen der in der CSSR allgegenwärtigen staatlichen Propaganda zu passen scheint. Die kybernetische Großmutter, so der Titel des tschechoslowakischen Puppentrickfilms von Jirí Trnka (1912–1969) (Abb.1), entpuppt sich als surrealistische Dystopie, die den auf beiden Seiten des sogenannten Eisernen Vorhangs vorhandenen unbedingten Fortschritt und Technikglauben der 1950er und 1960er Jahre Sequenz für Sequenz in seiner Widersprüchlichkeit und Hybris enthüllt.