bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An auto‐tracking algorithm for mesoscale eddies using global nearest neighbor filter
Authors: Yi Jiawei , Du Yunyan , Liang Fuyuan , Zhou Chenghu
Published: February 2017

Many tracking algorithms have been developed to automatically track mesoscale ocean eddies. They are successful in most situations except when there is more than one successor candidate. This study presents a tracking approach using the global nearest neighbor filter (GNNF) to tackle this problem. The GNNF method implements the Kalman filter to model and track the process of ocean eddies, and then employs an optimization method to identify the most possible successor from the multiple candidates. The method was evaluated using an eddy dataset from the South China Sea (SCS) and its performance was compared against the distance‐based search (DBS) and the overlap‐based search (OBS) methods. Results show that GNNF is the most successful method to correctly identify a successor for a specific eddy with multiple potential candidates (accounts for nearly 2% of the total eddies in our dataset). We also evaluated the methods using synthetic eddy tracks and results show that the performance of all three methods is strongly affected by the number of tracks and the variations of eddy propagation velocity. The average pairing error of GNNF, DBS, and OBS are about 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.5%, respectively, when the synthetic tracks were generated with experiment parameters best fit the survey results of ocean eddies in the SCS. The GNNF method is still the most successful algorithm in identifying the correct successor regardless of the complexity of synthetic tracks.
7T‐guided super‐resolution of 3T MRI
Authors: Bahrami Khosro , Shi Feng , Rekik Islem , Gao Yaozong , Shen Dinggang
Published: February 2017

Purpose

High‐resolution MR images can depict rich details of brain anatomical structures and show subtle changes in longitudinal data. 7T MRI scanners can acquire MR images with higher resolution and better tissue contrast than the routine 3T MRI scanners. However, 7T MRI scanners are currently more expensive and less available in clinical and research centers. To this end, we propose a method to generate super‐resolution 3T MRI that resembles 7T MRI, which is called as 7T‐like MR image in this paper.

Methods

First, we propose a mapping from 3T MRI to 7T MRI space, using regression random forest. The mapped 3T MR images serve as intermediate results with similar appearance as 7T MR images. Second, we predict the final higher resolution 7T‐like MR images based on sparse representation, using paired local dictionaries for both the mapped 3T MR images and 7T MR images.

Results

Based on 15 subjects with both 3T and 7T MR images, the predicted 7T‐like MR images by our method can best match the ground‐truth 7T MR images, compared to other methods. Meanwhile, the experiment on brain tissue segmentation shows that our 7T‐like MR images lead to the highest accuracy in the segmentation of WM, GM, and CSF brain tissues, compared to segmentations of 3T MR images as well as the reconstructed 7T‐like MR images by other methods.

Conclusions

We propose a novel method for prediction of high‐resolution 7T‐like MR images from low‐resolution 3T MR images. Our predicted 7T‐like MR images demonstrate better spatial resolution compared to 3T MR images, as well as prediction results by other comparison methods. Such high‐quality 7T‐like MR images could better facilitate disease diagnosis and intervention.
Endogenous Fluorescence Analysis: Preliminary Study Revealing the Potential of this Non‐invasive Method to Study Mummified Samples
Authors: Zanello M. , Pallud J. , Jacqueline S. , Augias A. , Varlet P. , Devaux B. , Nielsen O. , Abi Haidar D. , Charlier P.
Published: February 2017

Autofluorescence analysis allows new insights on human tissue without any dye in a non‐invasive way and therefore seems well suited to study historical samples. An optical set‐up recorded emitted autofluorescence in 1/spectral and 2/lifetime domains from different samples' regions of interest. The studied samples were a mummified right hand, bog body (Tollund Man) feet and a male Caucasian hand (control sample). Spectral analysis revealed that mummified hand exhibited broad autofluorescence spectra, whereas Tollund Man's feet exhibited a weak single peak with 405‐nm excitation wavelength. Control sample spectra are weaker than that of the mummified hand but higher than the Tollund Man's feet. Lifetime measurements indicated the presence of classical endogenous fluorophores on the mummified right hand. The Tollund Man's feet exhibited two patterns of lifetime measurements: healthy zone exhibited lifetime values at four emission wavelengths but skin lesions at only two wavelengths. This first report of mummified samples' autofluorescence analysis suggests the potential of optical analysis for archeologic research. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrated analysis of proteome, phosphotyrosine‐proteome, tyrosine‐kinome, and tyrosine‐phosphatome in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Tong Jiefei , Helmy Mohamed , Cavalli Florence M. G. , Jin Lily , St‐Germain Jonathan , Karisch Robert , Taylor Paul , Minden Mark D. , Taylor Michael D. , Neel Benjamin G. , Bader Gary D. , Moran Michael F.
Published: February 2017

Reversible protein‐tyrosine phosphorylation is catalyzed by the antagonistic actions of protein‐tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and phosphatases (PTPs), and represents a major form of cell regulation. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological malignancy that results from the acquisition of multiple genetic alterations, which in some instances are associated with deregulated protein‐phosphotyrosine (pY) mediated signaling networks. However, although individual PTKs and PTPs have been linked to AML and other malignancies, analysis of protein‐pY networks as a function of activated PTKs and PTPs has not been done. In this study, MS was used to characterize AML proteomes, and phospho‐proteome‐subsets including pY proteins, PTKs, and PTPs. AML proteomes resolved into two groups related to high or low degrees of maturation according to French–American–British classification, and reflecting differential expression of cell surface antigens. AML pY proteomes reflect canonical, spatially organized signaling networks, unrelated to maturation, with heterogeneous expression of activated receptor and nonreceptor PTKs. We present the first integrated analysis of the pY‐proteome, activated PTKs, and PTPs. Every PTP and most PTKs have both positive and negative associations with the pY‐proteome. pY proteins resolve into groups with shared PTK and PTP correlations. These findings highlight the importance of pY turnover and the PTP phosphatome in shaping the pY‐proteome in AML.
Fine tuning the assembly and gel behaviors of PEGylated polypeptide conjugates by the copolymerization of l‐alanine and γ‐benzyl‐l‐glutamate N‐carboxyanhydrides
Authors: Zhang Yumin , Song Huijuan , Zhang Hao , Huang Pingsheng , Liu Jinjian , Chu Liping , Liu Jianfeng , Wang Weiwei , Cheng Zhen , Kong Deling
Published: February 2017

Tuning the secondary structure of polypeptide is an effective strategy to modulate the assembly behaviors of polypeptide‐based copolymers. In this study, ring‐opening polymerization of l‐alanine (Ala) and γ‐benzyl‐l‐glutamate (BLG) N‐carboxyanhydrides was adopted using mPEG‐NH2 as the initiator to prepare mPEG‐poly(l‐alanine‐co‐γ‐benzyl‐l‐glutamate) (PEAB) copolymers with various Ala to BLG ratios. 1H NMR spectra and GPC test confirmed their well‐defined chemical structures. FT‐IR spectra indicated that at the powder state, all copolymers adopted both β‐sheet and α‐helical conformations. With the content of PBLG increased, the crystallization temperature and melting points of PEAB copolymers first rose then fell indicated by DSC curves. The self‐assembly of PEAB copolymers in dilute aqueous solution studied by DLS, TEM and circular dichroism spectra showed that PEAB copolymers self‐assembled into nanostructures with diverse morphologies and sizes due to distinct polypeptide conformations. Rheological analysis indicated that the alteration of the polypeptide composition can effectively modulate the modulus of PEAB assemblies in concentrated solutions. In all, copolymerization of two hydrophobic amino acid N‐carboxyanhydrides into the polypeptide block maybe an effective approach for modulating the assembly properties of PEGylated polypeptide. Besides, nanosilver‐encapsulated PEA or PEAB hydrogel showed promising antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtillis. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1512–1523
N‐Bromosuccinimide Promoted Direct Thiolation of Imidazoheteroaryl C‐H bonds with Disulfides
Authors: Maddi Raghavender Reddy , Shirsat Prashishkumar K. , Kumar Santosh , Meshram H. M.
Published: February 2017

A one‐pot protocol has been demonstrated for the regioselective sulfenylation of imidazoheterocycles with disulfides. In this method, thiols are converted to sulfenyl bromides and reacted with 2‐phenylimidazo [1, 2‐a] pyridines. This simple procedure is highly capable for sulfenylation with readily available starting materials in good to excellent yields under transition metal and base free conditions.
Toluene Oxidation in the Absence and Presence of CO, CO2, Water and H2 over ZrO2‐Based Gasification Gas Clean‐Up Catalysts
Authors: Viinikainen Tiia S. , Lehtonen Juha S.
Published: February 2017

Gasification of biomass is an environmentally friendly way to produce electricity and syngas when combined with effective gas cleaning. ZrO2‐based catalysts have been proven to remove undesired tar molecules when a convenient amount of oxygen is added. However, high activity in the tar oxidation is not the only requirement for the catalyst performance. The valuable gasification gas components, such as CO and H2, must be protected while passing the complex gasification gas over the catalyst. Oxidation of toluene as a tar model compound was addressed by applying temperature‐programmed surface reaction (TPSR) experiments with continuous feed of toluene, oxygen and one main gasification gas component (CO, CO2, H2 or water) over pure and doped zirconias. The most water tolerant catalyst was pure ZrO2 and the least was SiO2‐ZrO2. A new indicator called ‘Preferentiality’ was introduced and it expresses in one single quantity how well the catalyst is performing in tar conversion while protecting the valuable components of the gas. At 600 °C, the highest preferentiality of toluene oxidation over both CO and H2 oxidation was achieved over pure ZrO2.
Crystallography as Forensic Tool for Understanding Electrolyte Degradation in Dye–sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Gao Jiajia , Fischer Andreas , Svensson Per H. , Kloo Lars
Published: February 2017

The precipitation of solid compounds from model electrolytes for liquid dye‐sensitized solar cells has a story to tell regarding decomposition processes to be expected in such systems. Of course, the crystal lattice energy for a specific crystalline compounds plays a role in what compound that will eventually precipitate, but the compounds nevertheless serve as indicators for what type of processes that take place in the solar cell electrolytes upon ageing. From the compounds isolated in this study we learn that both ligand exchange processes, double‐salt precipitation and oxidation are degradation processes that should not be overlooked when formulating efficient and stable electrolytes for this type of electrochemical system.
Sulfimine‐Promoted Fast O Transfer: One–step Synthesis of Sulfoximine from Sulfide
Authors: Xie Yongtao , Zhou Biying , Zhou Sha , Zhou Shaa , Wei Wei , Liu Jingbo , Zhan Yizhou , Cheng Dandan , Chen Minggui , Li Yuxin , Wang Baolei , Xue Xiao‐song , Li Zhengming
Published: February 2017

Transfer of electrophilic NH to sulfides and a subsequent sulfimine‐promoted fast O transfer have been achieved in a one‐pot process unprecedentedly for the preparation of sulfoximines at ambient temperature under air. The transformations, which are metal‐, ligand‐, base‐, additive‐free, and operationally simple, proceed in just 5 min and furnish NH‐sulfoximines in good‐to‐excellent yields (up to 99 %) by treatment of sulfides with a combination of PhI(OAc)2 and ammonia source. A variety of commercially available and inexpensive electrophilic nitrogen sources are successfully used in the oxidative sulfide‐to‐sulfoximine conversions. This method features a high efficiency, excellent functional‐group tolerance, and broad substrate scope, which may facilitate its applications in medicinal chemistry area.
Hyper‐Giant‐Stromtragfähigkeit bei Raumtemperatur
Authors: Koops Hans W. P.
Published: February 2017

1994 wurde bei 300 K ein Bose‐Einstein‐Elektron‐Loch‐Kondensat gefunden. Ein Elektronenstrahl mit 60 MW / cm2 verwandelt Organometallika in nanokristallines Metall/ Kohlenstoff Verbundmaterial mit einem gemeinsamen Fermi‐Niveau. Excitonische Oberflächen‐Orbitale um die Metallkristalle überlappen sich und existieren im ganzen Material. Bei 300 K tunneln Elektronen aus dem Leitungsband des Anschluss‐Metalls in die angeregten Excitonischen Orbitale. Darin können Fermionen sofort Bosonen bilden. Elektronen und Löcher bilden bei parallelem Spin Bosonen mit einer Dichte bis zu 1028 / cm3. Ein elektrisches Feld mit einem Gradienten bewegt die Bosonen reibungslos, z. B. für Feldemissionsquellen mit Stromdichten bis GA/cm2. Diese wurden 1994 bis 2000 am FTZ in Darmstadt, und 2001 in USA und 2008 in Japan nachgewiesen. Erst mit der Erkenntnis, dass der Spin die Elektronen und Löcher zu Bosonen koppelt, wurde 2014 das Ergebnis verstanden.
Genetic improvement of xylose metabolism by enhancing the expression of pentose phosphate pathway genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae IR-2 for high-temperature ethanol production
Authors: Kobayashi Yosuke , Sahara Takehiko , Suzuki Toshihiro , Kamachi Saori , Matsushika Akinori , Hoshino Tamotsu , Ohgiya Satoru , Kamagata Yoichi , Fujimori Kazuhiro E
Published: February 2017

The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) plays an important role in the efficiency of xylose fermentation during cellulosic ethanol production. In simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF), the optimal temperature for cellulase hydrolysis of lignocellulose is much higher than that of fermentation. Successful use of SSCF requires optimization of the expression of PPP genes at elevated temperatures. This study examined the combinatorial expression of PPP genes at high temperature. The results revealed that over-expression of TAL1 and TKL1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) at 30 °C and over-expression of all PPP genes at 36 °C resulted in the highest ethanol productivities. Furthermore, combinatorial over-expression of PPP genes derived from S. cerevisiae and a thermostable yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus allowed the strain to ferment xylose with ethanol productivity of 0.51 g/L/h, even at 38 °C. These results clearly demonstrate that xylose metabolism can be improved by the utilization of appropriate combinations of thermostable PPP genes in high-temperature production of ethanol.
The effect of mindfulness group therapy on a broad range of psychiatric symptoms: A randomised controlled trial in primary health care
Authors: Sundquist J. , Palmér K. , Johansson L.M. , Sundquist K.
Published: February 2017

Background:

The need for psychotherapy in primary health care is on the increase but individual-based treatment is costly. The main aim of this randomised controlled trial (RCT) was to compare the effect of mindfulness-based group therapy (MGT) with treatment as usual (TAU), mainly individual-based cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), on a broad range of psychiatric symptoms in primary care patients diagnosed with depressive, anxiety and/or stress and adjustment disorders. An additional aim was to compare the effect of MGT with TAU on mindful attention awareness.

Methods:

This 8-week RCT took place in 2012 at 16 primary care centres in southern Sweden. The study population included both men and women, aged 20–64 years (n = 215). A broad range of psychiatric symptoms were evaluated at baseline and at the 8-week follow-up using the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). Mindful attention awareness was also evaluated using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS).

Results:

In both groups, the scores decreased significantly for all subscales and indexes in SCL-90, while the MAAS scores increased significantly. There were no significant differences in the change in psychiatric symptoms between the two groups. The mindfulness group had a somewhat larger change in scores than the control group on the MAAS (P = 0.06, non-significant).

Conclusions:

No significant differences between MGT and TAU, mainly individual-based CBT, were found in treatment effect. Both types of therapies could be used in primary care patients with depressive, anxiety and/or stress and adjustment disorders, where MGT has a potential to save limited resources.

Trial registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01476371.
BP101 Peptide Promotes Female Sexual Receptivity in the Rat
Authors: Andreev-Andrievskiy Alexander , Lomonosov Mikhail , Popova Anfisa , Lagereva Evgeniia , Clément Pierre , Salimov Ramiz , Golikov Dmitriy
Published: February 2017

Introduction

Low sexual desire is a frequent sexual problem in women, with only one drug for the condition approved by the Food and Drug Administration.

Aim

To evaluate the ability of a novel synthetic peptide, BP101, to facilitate sexual behavior after intranasal administration or infusion into certain brain areas in female rats.

Methods

Bilaterally ovariectomized female rats, primed with a suboptimal combination of estradiol benzoate (EB) and progesterone, were used as a model of low sexual motivation. Sexual behavior was tested with stud male rats after acute (experiment 1) or long-term (experiment 2) intranasal administration of BP101 or peptide infusion into the olfactory bulb, medial preoptic area, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, or ventral tegmental area (experiment 3).

Main Outcome Measures

Frequency of solicitations (SF), as an indicator of sexual motivation in female rats, and lordosis frequency and ratio, as measurements of female consummatory sexual behavior.

Results

Acute intranasal BP101 administration moderately increased SF, with the highest tested dose of 300 μg/kg causing an 80% increase. Female rats receiving BP101 75 or 300 μg/kg daily on days 6 to 16 of the peptide administration displayed twofold higher SF compared with the placebo-treated animals, an increase comparable to optimally hormone-primed female rats. Infusion of BP101 1 and 5 μg per rat into the medial preoptic area, but not into the olfactory bulb, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, or ventral tegmental area, increased SF in female rats supplemented with EB 10 or 20 μg. The effect was relatively more pronounced in female rats receiving EB 10 μg (≈300%) compared with EB 20 μg (≈50%) with direct brain infusions.

Conclusion

BP101 displays a potent stimulatory effect on sexual motivation in the female rat, and the medial preoptic area seems to be the site of its action. BP101 is effective in female rats receiving different hormone supplementations, making the present data generalizable to pre- and postmenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire.
Cardiovascular risk reduction as a population strategy for preventing pain?
Authors: Mäntyselkä Pekka
Published: February 2017

In this issue of the Scandinavian Journal of Pain, Pico-Espinosa and co-workers [1] report on the role of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hyperlipidaemia (HL) as risk factors for frequent pain in the back, neck and/or shoulders/arms (BNSP). Their study was based on a large population-based cohort with a four-year follow-up. They concluded that DM and HL may play a role in the aetiology of frequent BNSP, but this role may be different in men and women.
Time Frames and Legal Indeterminacy
Authors: Chowdhury Tanzil
Published: February 2017

A consensus has long been established that adherents of the Critical Legal School (and to a lesser extent, Legal Realism) exaggerated their claims of law’s indeterminacy. This paper however, attempts to resurrect the indeterminacy debate by articulating, developing and elevating a particular strand of it; namely, the use of unrestrained time frames in factual construction. This claims that factual construction in adjudication is, in part, contingent on the time frames adopted—though absent some metaprinciple on whether to adopt broad or narrow time frames—indeterminacy rears its head. The paper primarily argues thattime frame indeterminacyis important as it actually underwrites the attacks levelled by both Critical Legal Studies (CLS) and American Legal Realism (ALR) on legal liberalism. It nourishes ALR critiques by enriching the strict and loose articulations of precedent authored by Karl Llewellyn, and also connects some of the definitive themes that underline the CLS literature, specifically the rules-standards and free will-determinism contradictions in legal liberal discourse.
Snowbreeder 5: a Micro-CT device for measuring the snow-microstructure evolution under the simultaneous influence of a temperature gradient and compaction
Authors: WIESE MAREIKE , SCHNEEBELI MARTIN
Published: February 2017

The instrumented sample holder Snowbreeder 5 is used to investigate the simultaneous influence of settlement on temperature-gradient snow metamorphism in time-lapse micro-computed tomography experiments. So far, experiments have only been done on temperature-gradient snow metamorphism without settlement or settlement under isothermal conditions. With the new device we can impose a constant temperature gradient on a snow sample and induce settlement by placing a passive load on top of the snow sample. The weight of the load can be varied, simulating various snow heights on top of the snow sample. Snow-temperature measurements on the passive load are possible due to wireless data transfer via Bluetooth. The temperature gradient is set by controlling the air temperature inside the computer tomograph and by a Peltier element at the bottom of the snow sample. First experiments under isothermal conditions and a constant temperature gradient of 43 K m−1 showed that the settlement was reduced to almost half as soon as a temperature gradient was applied under otherwise almost equal snow conditions. The compactive viscosity in the isothermal experiment was in the range of literature values.
Monazite chemical weathering, rare earth element behavior, and paleoglaciohydrology since the last glacial maximum for the Loch Vale watershed, Colorado, USA
Authors: Price Jason R. , Moore Joel , Kerans Dalton
Published: February 2017

Rare earth element (REE) release from weathering of accessory monazite [(REE)PO4] since the last glacial maximum at 18.1 ka was investigated in sediment recovered from an outlet lake within the glaciated Loch Vale watershed, Colorado, USA. Labile REEs in the sediments reveal monazite weathering increased during the Younger Dryas chronozone (YDC) 13.2 to 11.1 ka when alpine glaciers advanced as climate cooled and bedrock comminution increased. Monazite dissolution peaked at approximately the Pleistocene-Holocene transition ~10.5 ka. During the Holocene, REE concentrations decline, reflecting a reduction in monazite weathering. The REE cerium (Ce) may occur as trivalent or tetravalent cations, and the Ce anomaly (Cen/Ce*n) in sediment permits interpretations of paleoredox conditions. The Cen/Ce*n decreases from 18.1 ka to the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary. Initially, oxidizing conditions within the watershed increased because of enlargement of the proglacial area as the ice retreated. At the onset of the YDC, oxidation further escalated in response to enhanced chemical weathering associated with glacial advance. A more stable Holocene climate and landscape resulted in relatively small changes in Cen/Ce*n values. Slightly decreasing Cen/Ce*n values over the last several hundred years are consistent with present-day stream water values and may reflect the onset of present-day hydrobiogeochemical conditions.
The birth of the practical aeroplane: An appraisal of the Wright brothers' achievements in 1905
Authors: Padfield G. D. , Lawrence B.
Published: February 2017

In this second Aeronautical Journal paper providing a technical appraisal of the Wright brothers' achievements, the authors use modelling and simulation and associated flight dynamics analysis to present the development of the first practical aeroplane. The aircraft in question, the Wright Flyer III, was deemed fit for service by the Wrights in October 1905, and had evolved significantly from the first powered aircraft of 17 December 1903. The appraisal tries to shed light on many of the flight handling problems that the Wright brothers faced during this, their third phase of aeronautical endeavour, in 1904 and 1905. They retained their unstable configuration born in the 1901 and 1902 gliders, gradually refining the performance and handling until they considered the aircraft was ready for market. Their process of refinement has been reconstructed in simulation within the Liverpool Wright project, highlighting the many important developments during a period when Wilbur and Orville's own documentation was limited. Apart from their engineering excellence, the Wright brothers are to be acknowledged for their perseverance and resolve in overcoming setbacks, for their ability to innovate and to recover and learn from their mistakes. In many ways the Wright brothers represent a model for the modern aeronautical engineer, and it is hoped that their legacy will be better preserved through the documentation of this project.
The Possibility of Soaring in Horizontal Wind
Authors: Hargrave L.
Published: February 2017

There is a publication called the “Aeronautical Annual,” edited by James Means, Boston, Mass. In No. ‘Z and 3 of that work, Mr. Octave Chanute goes exhaustively into the question of sailing flight, and specifies every letter and article that bears on the subject. This paper may be said to take up the running where Mr. Chanute leaves off. My reasons for not writing to that periodical straight, are that publication would be delayed for many months; and the state of the art is such that at any moment some one of the many who are investigating this subject may drop on the facts stated in this paper, take out a master patent which would rule the construction of all future flying machines, and tax us all round for our good, as the protectionists say, thus throwing our work back for years. I therefore, with your permission, read this paper, and show the models that work as I describe, and thereby destroy the novelty of the invention for all time.
Los Anales y su Contribución a la Criminología Internacional
Authors: Viano Emilio C.
Published: February 2017

La Sociedad Internacional de Criminología en 2013 marcó el 75mo aniversario de su fundación en Roma, Italia en el 1938. Desde la fundación de la Sociedad, la criminología como campo ha crecido de manera exponencial, como disciplina académica, campo de investigación, herramienta de toma de decisiones, y fuente de diferentes enfoques, soluciones e intervenciones. Durante estos pasados 75 años, la disciplina ha sido capaz de establecer su identidad, adquirir una cierta autonomía, delimitar su campo de investigación y de prueba, demostrar su utilidad, ampliar su influencia, y profundizar su impacto. Esto se ha logrado gracias a la labor de innumerables estudiosos, investigadores y profesionales y, en especial, gracias a la Sociedad y a su revista, los Anales.
La coévolution de la technologie et de la délinquance : quelques intuitions criminologiques
Authors: Dupont Benoît
Published: February 2017

Cet article présente un certain nombre de réflexions sur le processus de coévolution socio-technique qui voit les technologies issues de la révolution numérique (téléphonie sans fil, internet, robotique, big data, etc.) faire l'objet d'exploitations systématiques à des fins délinquantes. Il est organisé en cinq sections: après avoir examiné le contexte économique permettant au cybercrime de devenir une activité extrêmement lucrative, on aborde dans les deux sections suivantes quelques-unes des principales manifestations de la délinquance numérique en s'appuyant sur une perspective canadienne. Dans une quatrième section, nous déplacerons notre regard vers la réponse que les institutions chargées du contrôle social, la police en l'occurrence, apportent à ce problème et sur les innovations possibles en matière de régulation des déviances numériques. Finalement, la dernière partie de cet article adopte une approche prospective inspirée de la théorie des brèches afin d'essayer d'identifier les technologies émergentes de la prochaine décennie qui offriront des opportunités attractives aux délinquants.
The XVII World Congress of Criminology: A Report
Authors: Viano Emilio C.
Published: February 2017

The XVII World Congress of Criminology was celebrated in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico the 11th, 12th and 13th of August 2014.
El XVII Congreso Mundial de Criminología: Un Informe
Authors: Viano Emilio C.
Published: February 2017

El XVII Congreso Mundial de Criminología se celebró en Monterrey, Nuevo León, México el 11, 12 y 13 de agosto de 2014.
TO BANISH THE “LEVANTINE DUNGHILL” FROM WITHIN: TOWARD A CULTURAL UNDERSTANDING OF ISRAELI ANTI-IRAN PHOBIAS
Authors: Ram Haggai
Published: February 2017

This article inquires into Israel's understandings of its conflict with Iran by relocating analysis from the realm of political–strategic issues, with which previous scholarship on Israel and Iran has been preoccupied, to the realm of culture. The article draws on works that read metropolitan and colonial cultures together, or contrapuntally. By studying one history (Iranian) as at once the condition and the effect of the other history (Israeli), I show that Israelis fashioned and comprehended the post 1979 Iranian polity on the basis of what they believed to be the (dis)ordering of their society at home. In this way, Israeli perceptions of Iranians as alien and threatening have turned into a defensive protection of the home front. Anti-Iran phobias in the Israeli public sphere reveal not only justified strategic concerns, but also fears of “Oriental” (Mizrahi) and ultrareligious, Iran-like “demons” operating within the Israeli polity. The Israeli sense of danger emanating from Iran is related to the very process of demarcating and safeguarding the Jewish state's Western character
THE SPINNING JENNY AND THE SORTING TABLE: E. P. THOMPSON AND WORKERS IN INDUSTRIALIZING EUROPE AND SOUTHERN AFRICA
Authors: HIGGINSON JOHN
Published: February 2017

The most compelling aspect of E. P. Thompson's work for labor historian of Southern Africa is his contention that class is a fluent group relationship or ‘happening’ – something workers do, in addition to what employers and the state impose upon them. However, by the 1970s, Thompson recognized that his earlier claim also had to resonate with other key assumptions about working class aspirations; especially the need of a shared group consciousness to be more meaningful for individuals than the laws of the state. The principal weakness of Thompson's for African historians, however, is the absence of a more explicit discussion about the demise of the English peasantry in his work.
ALL THE KABAKA'S WIVES: MARITAL CLAIMS IN BUGANDA'S 1953–5 KABAKA CRISIS
Authors: SUMMERS CAROL
Published: February 2017

When Britain withdrew recognition from Kabaka Mutesa II in 1953, considering him disloyal for failure to advocate for the new governor's progressive initiatives, Buganda's response was distinctive and successful: mourning. Ganda wept publicly, and portrayed themselves as wives forcibly divorced from their king/husband. With the removal of Mutesa, they argued, Britain even violated its own alliance, or marriage, with Buganda. Metaphors of marriage and declarations of loyal wives proved successful in destabilizing imperial efforts to reshape power in Buganda to fit into a unified Uganda. Drawing on specific associations of love and politics associated with Ganda marriage, Ganda fought, successfully, to achieve Mutesa II's return and to ensure Buganda's distinctive political identity. In the process, though, they declared and institutionalized an identity as subjects of the Kabaka, abandoning ideas of citizenship through Bataka (clans) voiced by earlier activists and enacting troublesome precedents for proponents of Ugandan nationalism.
The extinction time of a general birth and death process with catastrophes
Authors: Brockwell P. J.
Published: February 2017

The Laplace transform of the extinction time is determined for a general birth and death process with arbitrary catastrophe rate and catastrophe size distribution. It is assumed only that the birth rates satisfy λ
0 = 0, λ j
> 0 for each j > 0, and . Necessary and sufficient conditions for certain extinction of the population are derived. The results are applied to the linear birth and death process (λ j
= jλ, µj
= jμ) with catastrophes of several different types.
Asymptotic behavior of Hill's estimate and applications
Authors: Lo Gane Samb
Published: February 2017

The problem of estimating the exponent of a stable law is receiving an increasing amount of attention because Pareto's law (or Zipf's law) describes many biological phenomena very well (see e.g. Hill (1974)). This problem was first solved by Hill (1975), who proposed an estimate, and the convergence of that estimate to some positive and finite number was shown to be a characteristic of distribution functions belonging to the Fréchet domain of attraction (Mason (1982)). As a contribution to a complete theory of inference for the upper tail of a general distribution function, we give the asymptotic behavior (weak and strong) of Hill's estimate when the associated distribution function belongs to the Gumbel domain of attraction. Examples, applications and simulations are given.
An optimal inspection and replacement policy for a deteriorating system
Authors: Ohnishi Masamitsu , Kawai Hajime , Mine Hisashi
Published: February 2017

This paper investigates a system whose deterioration is expressed as a continuous-time Markov process. It is assumed that the state of the system cannot be identified without inspection. This paper derives an optimal policy minimizing the expected total long-run average cost per unit time. It gives the optimal time interval between successive inspections and determines the states at which the system is to be replaced. Furthermore, under some reasonable assumptions reflecting the practical meaning of the deterioration, it is shown that the optimal policy has monotonic properties. A control limit rule holds for replacement, and the time interval between successive inspections decreases as the degree of deterioration increases.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of a bin-packing system
Authors: Courcoubetis C. , Weber R. R.
Published: February 2017

Objects of various integer sizes, o
1, · ··, on, are to be packed together into bins of size N as they arrive at a service facility. The number of objects of size oi
which arrive by time t is , where the components of are independent renewal processes, with At
/t → λ as t → ∞. The empty space in those bins which are neither empty nor full at time t is called the wasted space and the system is declared stabilizable if for some finite B there exists a bin-packing algorithm whose use guarantees the expected wasted space is less than B for all t. We show that the system is stabilizable if the arrival processes are Poisson and λ lies in the interior of a certain convex polyhedral cone Λ. In this case there exists a bin-packing algorithm which stabilizes the system without needing to know λ. However, if λ lies on the boundary of Λ the wasted space grows as and if λ is exterior to Λ it grows as O(t); these conclusions hold even if objects may be repacked as often as desired.
Size-biased filtering of Poisson–Dirichlet samples with an application to partition structures in genetics
Authors: Hoppe Fred M.
Published: February 2017

A characteristic property of the Ewen sampling formula is shown to follow from the invariance under size-biased sampling of the Poisson–Dirichlet distribution.
Stereological versions of integral geometric formulae for n-dimensional ellipsoids
Authors: Jensen E. B. , Møller J.
Published: February 2017

Recently, unbiased stereological estimators of moments of particle volume, based on measurements on lower-dimensional sections through the particles, have been developed by Jensen and Gundersen (1985). In this note, we derive an explicit form of these unbiased estimators valid for particles in R
n
of ellipsoidal shape, and we establish a close relationship between the estimators and a known integral geometric formula for ellipsoids, due to Furstenberg and Tzkoni (1971). Furthermore, a stereological version of another integral geometric formula for n-dimensional ellipsoids, due to Guggenheimer (1973), is derived.
The English Crown and the Election of Pope John XXII
Authors: BOMBI BARBARA
Published: February 2017

This article investigates the involvement of Edward II in the negotiations that led to John XXII's election on 7 August 1316 after a two-year papal vacancy between 1314 and 1316. The main source for this analysis is a dossier of sixteen diplomatic documents, found among the Chancery records in The National Archives in London. The article concludes that Edward II tried to exploit the papal vacancy as a means to re-establish his international profile and seek support abroad in order to face opposition at home, thus ensuring a place for the English Crown within the European political milieu.
Real Options, Idiosyncratic Skewness, and Diversification
Authors: Del Viva Luca , Kasanen Eero , Trigeorgis Lenos
Published: February 2017

We show how firm-level real options lead to idiosyncratic skewness in stock returns. We then document empirically that growth option variables are positive and significant determinants of idiosyncratic skewness. The real option impact on skewness is more significant in firms with lottery-type features, small size, high volatility, distressed, low return on assets, and low book-to-market ratio. We also find that expectation on idiosyncratic skewness is associated with lower Sharpe ratios. This suggests investors are willing to sacrifice mean-variance portfolio efficiency for greater skewness deriving from real options. Furthermore, financial flexibility has a positive incremental effect, enhancing the beneficial role of asset flexibility on idiosyncratic skewness.
Crystal Structure of Ice Accreted on an Ice Substrate
Authors: Nasello Olga B. , Levi Laura , Prodi Franco
Published: February 2017

Thin ice deposits, grown on a prismatic ice substrate and the first layers of large deposits grown about a cylindrical ice collector, are studied. Experiments were performed at 30 m s–1 wind speed and T
a near –20° C. Progressive structural changes in thin accretions with time of water-injection were observed, when the substrate temperature was Ts > –5°C. After 60s injection, which determined a deposit ~1 mm thick, the preferred orientation was established and the mean grain area was ~0.01 mm2. Such structural changes did not appear along the initial layers of thick deposits. These differed mainly from the subsequent zone because of the larger value of the preferred angle between the c-axis and the growth direction. These effects are discussed by considering the nucleation and orientation selection processes which occurred during droplet freezing and the annealing effects that occurred below the growth front. The different c-axis orientations in the initial and main zones are related to the different Ts values during their formation.
Basement Ige, Ward Hunt Ice Shelf, Ellesmere Island, Canada
Authors: Lyons J.B. , Savin S.M. , Tamburi A.J.
Published: February 2017

Oxygen-isotope and chlorinity determinations, as well as petrographie observations, indicate that the basement we of the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf is largely composed of a unique brackish ice, which interdigitates with sea ice. Some iced firn occurs near the top of the Basement Ice, below an unconformity.

stratification in brackish and sea ice represents annual increments to the bottom of the ice shelf The c-axis vertical orientation and small-angle grain-boundary relations in brackish ice are explained by nucleation and floating of ice dendrites from the undercooled brackish water zone to the bottom of the ice shelf, where they attach themselves sub-parallel to the plane of the undersurface.

Ice island T-3 did not come from a break-up of the main part of the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf, but probably originated in a nearby area to the west.
Heat-Budget Measurements on the Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peruvian Andes
Authors: Hastenrath Stefan
Published: February 2017

During the June-August 1976 Quelccaya ice cap expedition, global, SW↓, and net long-wave radiation, LW↑↓, were measured through several complete day-night cycles, and for a wide range of cloudiness conditions. Field work further included albedo measurements along representative transects across the ice cap and lysimeter-type estimates of ablation. Automatic stations recording wind, temperature and sunshine duration were also installed.

Daily totals of SW↓ and LW↑↓ representative of completely clear and overcast days are derived. On this basis, empirical relationships allow the computation of monthly totals of radiation fluxes for an entire year from records of sunshine duration and temperature expected from the automatic stations.

The larger part of the plateau is situated above 5400 m and has an albedo mostly in excess of 80%. Sub-freezing temperatures essentially limit ablation to the energetically expensive sublimation. For clear sky, daily totals of SW↓and LW↑↓ are of the order of 312 and 53 W m–2, respectively. With the albedo found, net short-wave radiation SW↑↓ becomes of the same general magnitude as LW↑↓, and the energy left for ablation is near to nil. Cloudiness would reduce both SW↑↓ and LW↑↓, thus largely compensating the effect on the residual net radiation, SWLW↑↓. This is consistent with ablation measurements. Over the larger area of the ice plateau, ablation may be close to zero in a first approximation; some ablation, including melting, takes place near the lower-lying rim of the ice cap, and calving off steep cliffs seems to provide a major mechanism for the disposal of the ice mass.
Two Orders of Things: Wittgenstein on Reasons and Causes
Authors: Queloz Matthieu
Published: February 2017

This paper situates Wittgenstein in what is known as the causalism/anti-causalism debate in the philosophy of mind and action and reconstructs his arguments to the effect that reasons are not a species of causes. On the one hand, the paper aims to reinvigorate the question of what these arguments are by offering a historical sketch of the debate showing that Wittgenstein's arguments were overshadowed by those of the people he influenced, and that he came to be seen as an anti-causalist for reasons that are in large part extraneous to his thought. On the other hand, the paper aims to recover the arguments scattered in Wittgenstein's own writings by detailing and defending three lines of argument distinguishing reasons from causes. The paper concludes that Wittgenstein's arguments differ from those of his immediate successors; that he anticipates current anti-psychologistic trends; and that he is perhaps closer to Davidson than historical dialectics suggest.
No Love on the Dole: The Influence of the UK Means-tested Welfare System on Partnering and Family Structure
Authors: GRIFFITHS RITA
Published: February 2017

Two-parent families with dependent children are known to be at lower risk of poverty and significantly less reliant on state financial help than lone-parent households. It might therefore be expected that the factors influencing partnership transitions among low-income women would represent a key area of policy interest. However, driven by concerns about weak work incentives, policy focus and research has to date concentrated on understanding lone parents’ labour supply and encouraging the transition from benefits into employment. Surprisingly little is therefore known about demographic decision making among women reliant on UK means-tested welfare. As part of a wider qualitative study exploring family formation, partnership dissolution and repartnering decisions among low-income mothers, this paper examines whether and to what extent entitlement to welfare benefits or tax credits influenced the decision to live with or apart from a partner or child's father. The research found that the aspects of welfare that remove or reduce a mother's access to an independent income and require one partner in a couple to be financially dependent on the other had been strongly influential in partnering decisions and living arrangements. Policy implications are discussed.
A Method to Estimate Open Pack-Ice Thickness from Two-Day Sequences of Side-Lapping Satellite Images
Authors: Feldman Uri
Published: February 2017

A method to estimate open pack ice thickness drifting in a marginal ice zone (MIZ) is presented, The estimates are obtained from two-day sequences of sidelapping Landsat-1 MSS images and two-day sequences of wind field data by four steps: estimating the surface wind speed, estimating the angle of sea ice deflection, estimating three ratios between ice parameters and estimating the lower and upper limits of pack ice thickness. The method has been applied to six groups of open pack ice floes drifting in the MIZ of the Beaufort Sea during 1973–1975. In the absence of simultaneous in-situ observation, the results have not been tested, The method presented may be applied to any MIZ. Rather than using Landsat-1 MSS images, data from a high resolution active microwave remote sensing system should be employed in the future as its data will be independent of sun illumination and cloud cover.
Imaging Subglacial Topography by a Synthetic Aperture Radar Technique
Authors: Musil G.J. , Doake C.S.M.
Published: February 2017

A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technique has been used to image part of the grounding-line region of Bach Ice Shelf in the Antarctic Peninsula. The radar was sledge-mounted and operated in a pulsed mode with a carrier frequency of 120 MHz. The coherently detected output was recorded photographically as in-phase and quadrature components. Because the system was essentially stationary for each measurement, there was no doppler information about the reflecting points as in the more commonly used airborne and satellite-based SARs. Instead, the phase history was used directly to identify point targets by a correlation method.

Three sounding runs were carried out over the grounding line to give views of the area from separate directions. An aperture length of 104 m was necessary to achieve 8 m resolution in the along-track direction for an ice thickness of 290 m. The mapped swath was 88 m wide. Corrections to the data were made to allow for density variations and absorption in the ice. The back-scatter coefficient showed greater variations in echo strength over grounded ice compared with floating ice and texture analysis of the radar image revealed a statistically significant difference between these two regimes.