bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poetry Translation Techniques as Exemplified by German and English Translation of Peter Yershov’s Tale «Конёк-Горубнок» («Das bucklige Pferdchen», «The Little Humpbacked Horse»)
Authors: Kostovskaya Ol'ga Anatol'evna
Published: March 2023

The subject of the study is techniques and methods used in translation of poetical texts. The object of the research is a poetical text. The author considers in detail stylistic and structural aspects of the topic. The translatability of poetry is achieved by using some strategies which tend (come) to submitting or adapting the rules of the source language to those of the target language with use of such methods as analysis and comparison of a poem in different languages, interpretation which implies, unlike passive perception of the original text, an active, analytical approach to the poem. Special attention is paid to consideration of translation techniques such as generalization, specification, compensation, meaning extension, holistic transformation. The main conclusion of the study is that while a translation of poetry, the meaning of a poem, its structure and original stylistics must be preserved. A special contribution of the authors to the study of the topic is the analysis of the poetic texts in German, translated by the author herself, which allows for more precise semantic and stylistic analysis. The novelty of the research lies in comparing the ways of translating poetry using the example of the same literary work in Russian, German and English versions. The relevance of the study lies in the changes occurring in the structure of the poetic work when translated, resulting from the different grammatical structures of the languages.
Folklore in Social Networks (Using the Example of Twitter and Telegram)
Authors: Van Tinyan'
Published: March 2023

Folklore is a very old phenomenon that has undergone great changes over the entire period of its existence. The telecommunications revolution has significantly changed our lives, and folklore has undergone the same changes, which has penetrated into the space of digital communications, social networks. This actualized the study of this topic in modern linguistic science. In accordance with the high relevance of this topic, folklore in social networks such as Twitter and Telegram became the object of the article's research. In the course of the work, general scientific methods of induction, deduction, synthesis, abstraction were used, as well as particular methods of linguistic research – descriptive method, typological method, method of formalization and method of logical comparison. Through the conducted research, it was found out that modern folklore has moved into the field of digital communications, where it has been actively developed, many new forms of folklore and channels for its dissemination have appeared. The results of the work can be used as a theoretical basis containing a systematic range of works on folklore, as well as as a basis for practical application when working in the field of Internet communications, public relations, mass media, journalism. Along with the development of society, language also develops, new forms of expression appear, thanks to the mass media it has become much easier to create and distribute them. Folklore is no exception in this sense – it has become one of the means of communication, expression of emotions to describe the current situation on the Internet, the pandemic is a vivid result of that. It has become the main theme of modern folklore since 2020.
Two Verticals, or the Paradox and Tragedy of Soviet Atheism
Authors: Suslov Alexey Viktorovich , Gusev Dmitrii Alekseevich
Published: March 2023

The object of the study is atheism and theism as important ideological components of two opposing solutions to the "main question of philosophy" – materialism and idealism – forming two systems of human life navigation. The subject of the study is two ideological paradigms – Soviet atheism and Orthodox Christianity. Materialism and atheism are the fundamental elements of the Marxist doctrine underlying the philosophy and culture of the Soviet period of Russian history, opposing theism, creationism and providentialism of the Christian understanding of the world and man, characteristic of the ideological paradigm of pre–revolutionary Russia. The purpose of the study is to clarify and substantiate the ideological intersection of these seemingly incompatible ideological positions. One of the objectives of the study is to substantiate their vertical semantic and value orientation. The novelty of the research, in particular, lies in the substantiation of the statement that two incompatible ideological poles represent varieties of the classical philosophical tradition with its vertical value-semantic orientation, and together oppose the main orientation of non-classical philosophy based on a horizontal scale of meanings and values. One of the main conclusions is that the vertical of Soviet materialism and atheism is a paradox and at the same time its tragedy: surprisingly, due to the vertical orientation of Soviet culture – formally atheistic – it is actually permeated with religious intuitions, questions, problems, ideas and plots disguised as secular concepts and terms, which finds its manifestation in various works of Soviet artistic culture.
Review of XX International Likhachov Scientific Conference
Authors: Nikonova Svetlana
Published: March 2023

This review examines the main problems of the XX International Likhachev Scientific Readings held in June 2022 at the St. Petersburg Humanitarian University of Trade Unions. The readings took place after a two-year break and their problems shifted from the traditional question of the dialogue of cultures to the question of modern conflict tension in the world. Within the framework of the Readings, a number of breakout sessions were held on various aspects of humanitarian knowledge in the context of the current political situation. The subject of the study is the discussion held during the plenary session, as well as the topic of the section, in which ethical and cultural issues were analyzed. The author of the review paid special attention to the opinions expressed by foreign participants of the conference regarding the conflict situation in the world and their assumptions about the ways to resolve it. The general idea of these reports is the idea of a desirable political multipolarity of the global space and criticism of changes in the structure of understanding of liberal values in the modern Western world. The topics of the reports of domestic researchers, humanities scientists dealing with these value transformations were also described. The author made critical remarks about the general tone of the discussion and the conclusions drawn by the speakers, since, criticizing the Western "cancellation culture", the participants mostly tended to the idea of a mirror response - and thus also to the idea of "cancellation", which makes this answer indistinguishable from what he criticizes, and only contributing to the escalation of tension.
The Aesthetic Views of E.T.A. Hoffmann
Authors: Bychkov Victor
Published: March 2023

The essay is devoted to an analysis of aesthetic views of one of the most distinguished German Romantics, which came through with particular fullness in his fiction. Hoffmann’s aesthetic views focus around his understanding of art. He is convinced that art has an anagagogical nature. It elevates the human being from everyday life to the sphere of the divine and thereby ennobles everyday life itself. Art draws the artist away from the world and manifests to the world his prophetic gift, which is often perceived as “poetic madness.” The fantastic in art, as well as the terrible and the frightening, does not contradict artistic truth. The elements of the terrible give philosophical significance to the work of art and please the recipient. Art is cognitive to a high degree, because nature itself reveals its secrets to the artist and allows him to intuit the “truth of nature.” Hoffmann is convinced about the ontological status of art. It must “be something, and not mean it.” Artistic creativity takes place fully within the inner world of the artist as he aspires for his ideal. Hoffmann allows for a certain degree of vagueness in a concrete work of art, whose purpose is additional aesthetic effort on the part of the recipient, who must be internally ready for communication with art. Creative activity is based on imagination and reason. It is based on natural foundations and is inspired by the illuminating effect of divine energy. Hoffmann considers music as the highest form of art and the ideal for all the arts. According to Hoffmann, music is the truly Romantic form of art. He sees the meaning of music in its foundation in nature, its aspiration for the heavens, the fact that it includes the world of the spirits in its orbit, and that it incites a longing for the unattainable in the listener. Hoffmann paid much attention to irony as one of the features of Romantic art.
FROM APPROPRIATION TO POSTPRODUCTION: THE YASUMASA MORIMURA EXAMPLE
Authors: Oguz Erdem
Published: March 2023

Appropriation art or in other words the art of arrogating to oneself, is not just a copying technique. It is possible that, the appropriation which was made from an original work of art may be re-genuine or original when it is filtered by the artist's identity and his genuine ideas. This process and the resulting art which has become increasingly widespread in contemporary art is called postproduction by French art theorist Nicholas Bourriaud. In this work, the Japanese artist Yasumasa Morimura's important works have been examined and interpreted in terms of context, form and the differences between his works and the originals which were reproduced by the artist, in order to show how the postproduction process works in practice.
A Tinnitus Inventory Focusing on Body Function, Activities, and Participation Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
Authors: Ramkumar Vidya , Chandrasekaran Anitha
Published: March 2023

Background and Objectives: This study describes the development of an International Classification for Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)-based inventory for tinnitus (ICF-TINI) that measures the impact of tinnitus on the function, activities, and participation of an individual.Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized the ICF-TINI, which included 15 items from the two ICF components of body function and activities. We included 137 respondents with chronic tinnitus. Confirmatory factor analysis validated the two-structure framework (body function, activities and participation). The model fit was assessed by comparing fit values of chi-square (df), root mean square error of approximation, comparative fit index, incremental fit index, and Tucker-Lewis index, with the suggested fit criteria values. Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess internal consistency reliability.Results: The fit indices confirmed the presence of two structures in ICF-TINI, while the factor loading values suggested each item’s goodness of fit. The ICF-internal TINI exhibited high consistency reliability (0.93).Conclusions: The ICFTINI is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the impact of tinnitus on an individual’s body function, activities, and participation.
Environmental Footprint Assessment of Methylene Blue Photodegradation using Graphene-based Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Kong Kelvert , Weng Ying , Lam Weng Hoong , Lai Sin Yuan
Published: March 2023

To date, photocatalysis has received much attention in terms of the degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater. Various studies have shown that graphene-based photocatalysts are one of the impressive options owing to their intriguing features, including high surface area, good conductivity, low recombination rate of electron-hole pair, and fast charge separation and transfer. However, the environmental impacts of the photocatalysts synthesis and their photodegradation activity remain unclear. Thus, this report aims to identify the environmental impacts associated with the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) over reduced graphene oxide/titanium oxide photocatalyst (TiO2/rGO) using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The life cycle impacts were assessed using ReCiPe 2016 v1.1 midpoint method, Hierachist version in Gabi software. A cradle-to-gate approach and a functional unit of 1 kg TiO2/rGOwere adopted in the study. Several important parameters, such as the solvent type (ultrapure water, ethanol, and isopropanol), with/without silver ion doping, and visible light power consumption (150, 300, and 500 W) were evaluated in this study. In terms of the selection of solvent, ultrapure water is certainly a better choice since it contributed the least negative impact on the environment. Furthermore, it is not advisable to dope the photocatalyst with silver ions since the increment in performance is insufficient to offset the environmental impact that it caused. The results of different power of visible light for MB degradation showed that the minimum power level, 150 W, could give a comparable photodegradation efficiency and better environmental impacts compared to higher power light sources. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
How Hydrogen Affects the Formation and Evolution of Persistent Slip Bands in High‐Purity α‐Iron
Authors: Schaefer Florian , Geyer Sebastian , Motz Christian
Published: March 2023

The effect of hydrogen on the fatigue behavior of materials has been studied extensively during the past 100 years, but is just poorly understood due to the complex interplay between hydrogen and deformation processes. In this context, hydrogen damage of metals is becoming one of the major challenges of decarbonization. While most work focuses on f.c.c. materials, the availability of relevant results becomes sparse when considering technologically highly relevant b.c.c. metals such as structural steels. This work uses in situ electrochemical hydrogen charging of α‐iron steels to investigate the formation and evolution of intrusions and extrusions prior to fatigue crack initiation using a new charging setup by which the specimens are charged from the interior. The advantage of this innovative technique is that the surface of the specimens can subsequently be characterized using atomic force microscopy without artefacts from electrochemical charging or corrosion. Hydrogen is shown to enhance slip localization at the early stages of damage. The developed persistent slip lines are less pronounced. By means of transmission Kikuchi diffraction, it is shown that orientation gradients between cells in the dislocation structure are much weaker in the presence of hydrogen. Hence, hydrogen appears to promote slip reversibility in b.c.c. materials.
Fast Expandable Chitosan‐Fibers Cryogel from Ambient Drying for Noncompressible Bleeding Control and In Situ Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Qi Luhe , Mu Lanxin , Guo Xiaojia , Liu Anxiong , Chen Chaoji , Ye Qifa , Zhong Zibiao , Shi Xiaowen
Published: March 2023

Hemorrhage control, especially noncompressible wound hemostasis, is a tremendous challenge in military injuries and other traumas worldwide. Here, a cryogelation strategy and subsequent solvent exchange are developed for the hydrogen bond‐induced self‐assembly of chitosan fibers and the production of fast expandable chitosan cryogel. Importantly, the ambient drying process facilitates the repeatable deformation performance of the shape‐memory cryogel with a response time of ≈1.7 s. Due to the capillary‐like structure of the cryogel and high hydrophilicity, rapid shape recovery is accompanied by 41 times water absorption ability. It is further demonstrated that chitosan cryogel is beneficial for in situ tissue regeneration by taking advantage of the biodegradability and biocompatibility of chitosan. Thus, chitosan cryogels prepared by this simple and benign method should have efficient hemostatic effect on noncompressible bleeding and severe fatal high‐pressure hemorrhage.
Mitochondrial Calcium Ion Nanogluttons Alleviate Periodontitis via Controlling mPTPs
Authors: He Ping , Liu Fengyi , Li Mingzheng , Ren Mingxing , Wang Xu , Deng Yangjia , Wu Xianghao , Li Yuzhou , Yang Sheng , Song Jinlin
Published: March 2023

The mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) directly affects mitochondrial function in macrophages. Under inflammatory conditions, mitochondrial calcium ion (mitoCa2+) overload triggers the persistent opening of mPT pores (mPTPs), further aggravating Ca2+ overload and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) to form an adverse cycle. However, there are currently no effective drugs targeting mPTPs to confine or unload excess Ca2+. It is novelly demonstrated that the initiation of periodontitis and the activation of proinflammatory macrophages depend on the persistent overopening of mPTPs, which is mainly triggered by mitoCa2+ overload and facilitates further mitochondrial ROS leakage into the cytoplasm. To solve the above problems, mitochondrial‐targeted “nanogluttons” with PEG‐TPP conjugated to the surface of PAMAM and BAPTA‐AM encapsulated in the core are designed. These nanogluttons can efficiently “glut” Ca2+ around and inside mitochondria to effectively control the sustained opening of mPTPs. As a result, the nanogluttons significantly inhibit the inflammatory activation of macrophages. Further studies also unexpectedly reveal that the alleviation of local periodontal inflammation in mice is accompanied by diminished osteoclast activity and reduced bone loss. This provides a promising strategy for mitochondria‐targeted intervention in inflammatory bone loss in periodontitis and can be extended to treat other chronic inflammatory diseases associated with mitoCa2+ overload.
Two‐Dimensional Cs2AgInxBi1‐xCl6 Alloyed Double Perovskite Nanoplatelets for Solution‐Processed Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Liu Zhenyang , Sun Yingying , Cai Tong , Yang Hanjun , Zhao JinXing , Yin Tao , Hao Chaoqi , Chen Mingjun , Shi Wenwu , Li Xiaoxiao , Guan Li , Li Xu , Wang Xinzhong , Tang Aiwei , Chen Ou
Published: March 2023

Lead‐free double perovskites have emerged as a promising class of materials with potential to be integrated into a wide range of optical and optoelectronic applications. Herein, the first synthesis of 2D Cs2AgInxBi1‐xCl6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) alloyed double perovskite nanoplatelets (NPLs) with well controlled morphology and composition is demonstrated. The obtained NPLs show unique optical properties with the highest photoluminescence quantum yield of 40.1%. Both temperature dependent spectroscopic studies and density functional theory calculation results reveal that the morphological dimension reduction and In–Bi alloying effect together boost the radiative pathway of the self‐trapped excitons of the alloyed double perovskite NPLs. Moreover, the NPLs exhibit good stability under ambient conditions and against polar solvents, which is ideal for all solution‐processing of the materials in low‐cost device manufacturing. The first solution‐processed light‐emitting diodes is demonstrated using the Cs2AgIn0.9Bi0.1Cl6 alloyed double perovskite NPLs as the sole emitting component, showing luminance maximum of 58 cd m−2 and peak current efficiency of 0.013 cd A−1. This study sheds light on morphological control and composition‐property relationships of double perovskite nanocrystals, paving the way toward ultimate utilizations of lead‐free perovskite materials in diverse sets of real‐life applications.
Perovskite‐Solar‐Cell‐Powered Integrated Fuel Conversion and Energy‐Storage Devices
Authors: Yang Gege , Yang Wenhan , Gu Hao , Fu Ying , Wang Bin , Cai Hairui , Xia Junmin , Zhang Nan , Liang Chao , Xing Guichuan , Yang Shengchun , Chen Yiwang , Huang Wei
Published: March 2023

Metal halide hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received considerable attention over the past decade owing to their potential for low‐cost, solution‐processable, earth‐abundant, and high‐performance superiority, increasing power conversion efficiencies of up to 25.7%. Solar energy conversion into electricity is highly efficient and sustainable, but direct utilization, storage, and poor energy diversity are difficult to achieve, resulting in a potential waste of resources. Considering its convenience and feasibility, converting solar energy into chemical fuels is regarded as a promising pathway for boosting energy diversity and expanding its utilization. In addition, the energy conversion–storage integrated system can efficiently sequentially capture, convert, and store energy in electrochemical energy storage devices. However, a comprehensive overview focusing on PSC‐self‐driven integrated devices with a discussion of their development and limitations remains lacking. Here, focus is on the development of representative configurations of emerging PSC‐based photo‐electrochemical devices including self‐charging power packs, unassisted solar water splitting/CO2 reduction. The advanced progresses in this field, including configuration design, key parameters, working principles, integration strategies, electrode materials, and their performance evaluations are also summarized. Finally, scientific challenges and future perspectives for ongoing research in this field are presented.
Rising of Dynamic Polyimide Materials: A Versatile Dielectric for Electrical and Electronic Applications
Authors: Wan Baoquan , Dong Xiaodi , Yang Xing , Wang Jiangqiong , Zheng Ming‐Sheng , Dang Zhi‐Min , Chen George , Zha Jun‐Wei
Published: March 2023

Polyimides (PIs) are widely used in circuit components, electrical insulators, and power systems in modern electronic devices and large electrical appliances. Electrical/mechanical damage of materials are important factors that threaten reliability and service lifetime. Dynamic (self‐healable, recyclable and degradable) PIs, a promising class of materials that successfully improve electrical/mechanical properties after damage, are anticipated to solve this issue. The viewpoints and perspectives on the status and future trends of dynamic PI based on a few existing documents are shared. The main damage forms of PI dielectric materials in the application process are first introduced, and initial strategies and schemes to solve these problems are proposed. Fundamentally, the bottleneck issues faced by the development of dynamic PIs are indicated, and the relationship between various damage forms and the universality of the method is evaluated. The potential mechanism of the dynamic PI to deal with electrical damage is highlighted and several feasible prospective schemes to address electrical damage are discussed. This study is concluded by presenting a short outlook and future improvements to systems, challenges, and solutions of dynamic PI in electrical insulation. The summary of theory and practice should encourage policy development favoring energy conservation and environmental protection and promoting sustainability.
Control of Droplet Impact through Magnetic Actuation of Surface Microstructures
Authors: Jezeršek Matija , Kriegl Raphael , Kravanja Gaia , Hribar Luka , Drevenšek‐Olenik Irena , Unold Heiko , Shamonin Mikhail
Published: March 2023

An effective method for on‐demand control over the impact dynamics of droplets on a magnetoresponsive surface is reported. The surface is comprised of micrometer‐sized lamellas from a magnetoactive elastomer on a copper substrate. The surface itself is fabricated using laser micromachining. The orientation of the lamellae is switched from edge‐on (orthogonal to the surface) to face‐on (parallel to the surface) by changing the direction of a moderate (<250 mT) magnetic field. This simple actuation technique can significantly change the critical velocities of droplet rebound, deposition, and splashing. Rebound and deposition regimes can be switched up to Weber number We < 13 ± 3, while deposition and splashing can be switched in the range of 32 < We < 52. Because a permanent magnet is used, no permanent power supply is required for maintaining the particular regime of droplet impact. The presented technology is highly flexible and enables selective fabrication and actuation of microstructures on complex devices. It has great potential for applications in soft robotics, microfluidics, and advanced thermal management.
Linking Phase Behavior to Performance Parameters in Non‐Fullerene Acceptor Solar Cells
Authors: Cheng Christina , Wong Stephen , LeCroy Garrett , Schneider Sebastian , Gomez Enrique , Toney Michael F. , Salleo Alberto
Published: March 2023

Performance of nonfullerene‐based organic solar cells is largely dependent on the donor:acceptor blend morphology, which is initially tuned by composition. However, morphological design rules are difficult to identify due to the complex relationship between composition‐dependent phase behavior and performance properties. In this study, the authors are able to establish a direct link between PM6:Y6 film morphology and device properties by combining grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering with highly sensitive Fourier transform photocurrent spectroscopy. By analyzing properties across the full composition range, interfacial microstructure and the corresponding charge transfer (CT) states are identified and direct structure–property relationships are established. The results indicate that open‐circuit voltage is controlled by the CT state at amorphous‐PM6:crystalline‐Y6 interfaces. Crystalline Y6 is found to increase both transport and non‐radiative recombination, suggesting that morphological tradeoffs may be necessary for overall device optimization.
Dynamic Tuning of Plasmonic Hot‐Spot Generation through Cilia‐Inspired Magnetic Actuators
Authors: Liman Gorkem , Ergene Emre , Yildiz Emrecan , Hukum Kubra Ozkan , Yilgor Huri Pinar , Cetin Arif E. , Usta Hakan , Demirel Gokhan
Published: March 2023

Soft actuators that draw inspiration from nature are powerful and versatile tools for both technological applications and fundamental research, yet their use in hot‐spot engineering is very limited. Conventional hot‐spot engineering methods still suffer from complexity, high process cost, and static generation of hot‐spots, thus, underperforming particularly in the application side. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy based on plasmonic nanoparticles decorated cilia‐inspired magnetic actuators that enable highly accessible millimeter‐sized hot‐spot generation via bending motion under a magnetic field. The hot‐spot formation is shown to be reversible and tunable, and leads to excellent Raman signal enhancements of up to ≈120 folds compared to the unactuated platforms. Accessible electromagnetic field magnification in the platforms can be manipulated by controlling magnetic field strength, which is further supported by finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, a centipede‐inspired robot is fabricated and used for sample collection/analysis in a target environment. Our results demonstrate an effective strategy in soft actuator platforms for reversible and tunable large‐area hot‐spot formation, which provides a promising guidance toward studying the fundamentals of hot‐spot generation and advancing real‐life plasmonic applications.
Polygenic prediction of bipolar disorder in a Latin American sample
Authors: Cuellar‐Barboza Alfredo B. , Prieto Miguel L. , Coombes Brandon J. , Gardea‐Resendez Manuel , Núñez Nicolás , Winham Stacey J. , Romo‐Nava Francisco , González Sarai , McElroy Susan L. , Frye Mark A. , Biernacka Joanna M.
Published: March 2023

To date, bipolar disorder (BD) genetic studies and polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for BD are based primarily on populations of European descent (EUR) and lack representation from other ancestries including Latin American (LAT). Here, we describe a new LAT cohort from the Mayo Clinic Bipolar Biobank (MCBB), a multisite collaboration with recruitment sites in the United States (EUR; 1,443 cases and 777 controls) and Mexico and Chile (LAT; 211 cases and 161 controls) and use the sample to explore the performance of a BD‐PRS in a LAT population. Using results from the largest genome‐wide association study of BD in EUR individuals, PRSice2 and LDpred2 were used to compute BD‐PRSs in the LAT and EUR samples from the MCBB. PRSs explained up to 1.4% (PRSice) and 4% (LDpred2) of the phenotypic variance on the liability scale in the LAT sample compared to 3.8% (PRSice2) and 3.4% (LDpred2) in the EUR samples. Future larger studies should further explore the differential performance of different PRS approaches across ancestries. International multisite studies, such as this one, have the potential to address diversity‐related limitations of prior genomic studies and ultimately contribute to the reduction of health disparities.
Ancient mitogenomes from the Southern Pampas of Argentina reflect local differentiation and limited extra‐regional linkages after rapid initial colonization
Authors: Motti Josefina M. B. , Pauro Maia , Scabuzzo Clara , García Angelina , Aldazábal Verónica , Vecchi Rodrigo , Bayón Cristina , Pastor Nicolás , Demarchi Darío A. , Bravi Claudio M. , Reich David , Cabana Graciela S. , Nores Rodrigo
Published: March 2023

Objective

This study aims to contribute to the recovery of Indigenous evolutionary history in the Southern Pampas region of Argentina through an analysis of ancient complete mitochondrial genomes.

Materials and Methods

We generated DNA data for nine complete mitogenomes from the Southern Pampas, dated to between 2531 and 723 cal BP. In combination with previously published ancient mitogenomes from the region and from throughout South America, we documented instances of extra‐regional lineage‐sharing, and estimated coalescent ages for local lineages using a Bayesian method with tip calibrations in a phylogenetic analysis.

Results

We identified a novel mitochondrial haplogroup, B2b16, and two recently defined haplogroups, A2ay and B2ak1, as well as three local haplotypes within founder haplogroups C1b and C1d. We detected lineage‐sharing with ancient and contemporary individuals from Central Argentina, but not with ancient or contemporary samples from North Patagonian or Littoral regions of Argentina, despite archeological evidence of cultural interactions with the latter regions. The estimated coalescent age of these shared lineages is ~10,000 years BP.

Discussion

The history of the human populations in the Southern Pampas is temporally deep, exhibiting long‐term continuity of mitogenome lineages. Additionally, the identification of highly localized mtDNA clades accords with a model of relatively rapid initial colonization of South America by Indigenous communities, followed by more local patterns of limited gene flow and genetic drift in various South American regions, including the Pampas.
Differing unsaturation levels of soybean oils impact the properties of peroxide‐vulcanized carbon black‐filled ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer rubber
Authors: Shafranska Olena , Dahlgren Joseph , Jones Alexander , Tardiff Janice , Webster Dean C.
Published: March 2023

Soybean oils having less unsaturation than conventional soybean oil (SBO) were studied as sustainable plasticizers for ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer (EPDM) rubber compounds vulcanized with peroxide. In EPDM formulations, part of the petroleum‐based paraffinic oil (PO) was replaced with soy‐derived plasticizers such as high oleic soybean oil (HOSO), partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSO), and completely hydrogenated soybean oil (HSO). The mechanical and viscoelastic properties of EPDM rubbers formulated with soy‐derived plasticizers were studied and compared with the properties of PO‐based rubber. Torque rheometry was used to study the vulcanization process and the properties of the vulcanized rubber compounds were evaluated using tensile testing, compression testing, dynamic mechanical analysis, and solvent swelling experiments. The equilibrium swelling test and examination of gel fraction demonstrated the incorporation of soy‐based process aids into the rubber network during vulcanization. It was found that soy‐derived plasticizers could partially substitute for the petroleum‐based plasticizer in EPDM compounds with minimal impact on properties. An additional benefit of the use of hydrogenated SBO is the increase of crosslink density in vulcanized rubber indicating enhanced peroxide efficiency.
Toward Highly Reliable Potassium‐Ion Half and Full Coin Cells
Authors: Larhrib Badre , Madec Lénaïc
Published: March 2023

To develop high energy and high‐power potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs), performance need to be evaluated in full‐cells instead of half‐cells based on the highly reactive K metal that leads to misinterpretation of the results. However, assembling KIBs full‐cells is not trivial as many parameters are critical to the obtained performance. This work demonstrates approaches to assemble reliable K‐ion full‐cells using graphite and KVPO4F0.5O0.5 based electrodes. First, the optimal separators choice/number and electrolyte choice/volume are determined in half‐cells then the optimal electrolyte volume is determined in full‐cells. Importantly, the electrolyte volume should be fixed to about 4 times the porosity volume for both half‐ and full‐cells. Then, using 3‐electrodes cells, the optimal negative/positive (N/P) diameter ratio then the optimal N/P capacity ratio are determined to be 1.16±0.2. Finally, these approaches allow assembling KVPFO//graphite coin‐cells with an energy density of about 47 Wh kgdevice−1 using a high N/P loading ratio of 4/10 (in mgactive‐material cm−2). Overall, this work can be used as a guide to assemble any KIBs full‐cell system and thus paves the way to the determine the best negative/positive materials combination in order to develop efficient KIBs.
Piperacillin/Tazobactam in critically ill morbidly obese patients: A case series: The first One‐Centre experience with TDM
Authors: Mieresova M. , Balazova K. , Kubele J. , Cerny D. , Halacova M.
Published: March 2023

The aim of this article is to demonstrate extreme interindividual variability of piperacilin/tazobactam (PIP/TAZO) pharmacokinetics in critically ill morbidly obese patients and to emphasize the need for the practice of routine PIP/TAZO plasma concentrations measurement in order to ensure optimal efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy.
3D Spheroid Primary Human Hepatocytes for Prediction of Cytochrome P450 and Drug Transporter Induction
Authors: Järvinen Erkka , Hammer Helen S. , Pötz Oliver , Ingelman‐Sundberg Magnus , Stage Tore Bjerregaard
Published: March 2023

Primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) have been the gold standard in vitro model for the human liver and are crucial to predict hepatic drug–drug interactions. The aim of this work was to assess the utility of 3D spheroid PHHs to study induction of important cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and drug transporters. The 3D spheroid PHHs from three different donors were treated for 4 days with rifampicin, dicloxacillin, flucloxacillin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, efavirenz, omeprazole, or β‐naphthoflavone. Induction of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4, and transporters P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp)/ABCB1, multidrug resistance‐associated protein 2 (MRP2)/ABCC2, ABCG2, organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1)/SLC22A1, SLC22A7, SLCO1B1, and SLCO1B3 were evaluated at mRNA and protein levels. Enzyme activity of CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 were also assessed. Induction of CYP3A4 protein and mRNA correlated well for all donors and compounds and had a maximal induction of five‐ to sixfold for rifampicin, which closely correlates to induction observed in clinical studies. Rifampicin induced the mRNA of CYP2B6 and CYP2C8 by 9‐ and 12‐fold, whereas the protein levels of these CYPs reached 2‐ and 3‐fold induction, respectively. Rifampicin induced CYP2C9 protein by 1.4‐fold, whereas the induction of CYP2C9 mRNA was over 2‐fold in all donors. Rifampicin induced ABCB1, ABCC2, and ABCG2 by 2‐fold. In conclusion, 3D spheroid PHHs is a valid model to investigate mRNA and protein induction of hepatic drug‐metabolizing enzymes and transporters, and this model provides a solid basis to study induction of CYPs and transporters, which translates to clinical relevance.
Practical Aspects of Thermal Dissociation and Recombination Reactions: The Reaction Systems CF3X(+M)↔CF3+X (+M) with X=F, Cl, Br, and I
Authors: Cobos Carlos Jorge , Tellbach Elsa , Sölter Lars , Troe Jürgen
Published: March 2023

The thermal dissociation/recombination reactions of the perfluoromethyl halides CF4↔CF3+F, CF3Cl↔CF3+Cl, CF3Br↔CF3+Br, and CF3I↔CF3+I are analyzed with respect to their transition (for increasing pressures) from second‐order to first‐order dissociation (or from third‐order to second‐order recombination). The dependence of this transition on the temperature is documented. Practical aspects of the modelling of falloff curves are discussed.
The Mobility of Homomeric Lasso‐ and Daisy Chain‐Like Rotaxanes in Solution and in the Gas Phase as a Means to Study Structure and Switching Behaviour
Authors: Saura‐Sanmartin Adrian , Schalley Christoph A.
Published: March 2023

A precise structural determination of supramolecular architectures is a non‐trivial challenge. This daunting task can be made even more difficult when interlocked species are to be analysed having macrocycles covalently equipped with a thread as repeating units, such as molecular lassos and daisy chains. When such functionalized macrocycles are included as scaffolds, different products having analogous NMR spectra as well as dynamic libraries can be obtained. Furthermore, if control over the motion of the parts relative to each other is to be achieved, a full understanding of the machinery's operation mechanism requires detailed insight into the structures involved. This understanding also helps designing improved synthetic molecular machines. Diffusion‐ordered NMR spectroscopy and ion‐mobility MS techniques are ideal tools to study such compounds in depth. This review covers recent examples on the use of the above‐mentioned techniques to characterize these interlocked architectures.
Classification method based on Siamese‐like neural network for inter‐species blood Raman spectra similarity measure
Authors: Tian Xianli , Wang Peng , Tian Yubing , Zhang Rui , Jiang Zhehan , Gao Jing
Published: March 2023

Analysis of blood species is an extremely important part in customs inspection, forensic investigation, wildlife protection and other fields. In this study, a classification method based on Siamese‐like neural network (SNN) for interspecies blood (22 species) was proposed to measure Raman Spectra similarity. The average accuracy was above 99.20% in the test set of spectra (known species) that did not appear in the training set. This model could detect species not represented in the dataset underlying the model. After adding new species to the training set, we can update the training based on the original model without retraining the model from scratch. For species with lower accuracy, SNN model can be trained intensively in the form of enriched training data for that species. A single model can achieve both multiple‐classification and binary classification functions. Moreover, SNN showed higher accuracy rates when trained with smaller datasets compared to other methods.
Intraseasonal descriptors and extremes in South African rainfall. Part II: Summer teleconnections across multiple timescales
Authors: Ullah Asmat , Pohl Benjamin , Pergaud Julien , Dieppois Bastien , Rouault Mathieu
Published: March 2023

Extreme events contribute significantly to rainfall variability in semi‐arid regions like South Africa. Here, following the definition of a novel typology of rainfall extremes, disentangling large‐ and small‐scale events in Part I, we use quality‐controlled observational databases in South Africa, the ERA5 reanalysis and satellite estimates TRMM‐3B42 to examine the relationship between these two types of rainfall extremes and different modes of climate variability at various timescales. At low frequencies, rainfall extremes are assessed at interannual (IV: 2–8 years) and quasi‐decadal (QDV: 8–13 years) timescales, which are primarily associated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), respectively. At subseasonal timescales, the typology of rainfall extremes is analysed depending on the synoptic configurations, as inferred by seven convective regimes including tropical temperate troughs (TTTs: 3–7 days), and the intraseasonal variability associated with the Madden–Julien Oscillation (MJO: 30–60 days). At the IV timescale, the occurrence of large‐scale extremes is substantially higher during its wet phases thereby suggesting a 400% rise in the occurrence of large‐scale extremes as compared to its dry phases. At the QDV timescale, variability mostly relates to the modulation of small‐scale extremes during its wet phases. Teleconnections with global sea surface temperature (SST) confirm that La Niña conditions favour overall wet conditions and extremes in South Africa. The numbers of large‐scale extremes are consistently related to warmer SSTs in the North Atlantic, while their link with warmer Indian and tropical South Atlantic oceans is found to be statistically independent of the state of ENSO. At the subseasonal timescales, large‐scale extremes largely occur during three out of the seven convective regimes identified in the southern African region whereas small‐scale extremes are nearly equiprobable during all convective regimes. The occurrence of large‐scale extremes during continent‐rooted TTT is further enhanced during the locally wet phases of the MJO and is symmetrically weakened during its dry phases.
Relationship between the degree of subchondral collapse and articular surface irregularities in osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Yamamoto Noriko , Motomura Goro , Ikemura Satoshi , Yamaguchi Ryosuke , Utsunomiya Takeshi , Kawano Koichiro , Xu Mingjian , Tanaka Hidenao , Ayabe Yusuke , Nakashima Yasuharu
Published: March 2023

Articular surface irregularities are often observed in collapsed femoral heads with osteonecrosis, while the effects of the degree of collapse on the articular surface are poorly understood. We first macroscopically assessed the articular surface irregularities on 2‐mm coronal slices obtained using high‐resolution microcomputed tomography of 76 surgically resected femoral heads with osteonecrosis. These irregularities were observed in 68/76 femoral heads, mainly at the lateral boundary of the necrotic region. The mean degree of collapse was significantly larger for femoral heads with articular surface irregularities than for those without (p < 0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the cutoff value for the degree of collapse in femoral heads with articular surface irregularities at the lateral boundary was 1.1 mm. Next, for femoral heads with <3‐mm collapse (n = 28), articular surface irregularities were quantitatively assessed based on the number of automatically counted negative curvature points. Quantitative evaluation showed that the degree of collapse was positively correlated with the presence of articular surface irregularities (r = 0.95, p < 0.0001). Histological examination of articular cartilage above the necrotic region (n = 8) revealed cell necrosis in the calcified layer and abnormal cellular arrangement in the deep and middle layers. In conclusion, articular surface irregularities of the necrotic femoral head depended on the degree of collapse, and articular cartilage was already altered even in the absence of macroscopically determined gross irregularities.
Evaluation of foliar applications of urea at three concentrations on grape amino acids composition
Authors: Murillo‐Peña Rebeca , Garde‐Cerdán Teresa , Martínez‐Vidaurre José María
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

Grape nitrogen composition directly affects the development of alcoholic fermentation and also influences the final wine aromatic composition. Moreover, different factors influence grape amino acids composition, such as rate and timing of nitrogen application. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of three doses of urea, applied at two different phenological stages (pre‐veraison and veraison), on the nitrogen composition of Tempranillo grapes during two consecutive seasons.

RESULTS

Urea treatments did not affect vineyard yield, oenological parameters of the grapes and yeast assimilable nitrogen. However, amino acids concentration in the musts increased at both moments of urea application (pre‐veraison and veraison), but the lower urea concentrations and sprayed at pre‐veraison improved most of the amino acids in the musts, during two vintages. Moreover, when the year was rainy, the higher dose treatment (9 kg N ha−1) applied at pre‐veraison and veraison improved the amino acid concentration in the must.

CONCLUSION

Foliar applications of urea could be an interesting viticulture practice in order to increase the amino acids concentration in Tempranillo musts. © 2023 The Authors.Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculturepublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Fluorescent properties of marine phytoplankton exudates and lability to marine heterotrophic prokaryotes degradation
Authors: Bachi Giancarlo , Morelli Elisabetta , Gonnelli Margherita , Balestra Cecilia , Casotti Raffaella , Evangelista Valtere , Repeta Daniel J. , Santinelli Chiara
Published: March 2023

Exudates by the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum were incubated with a natural community of marine heterotrophic prokaryotes for 24 d in order to investigate the link between the biological lability and the molecular weight, fluorescence, and polarity of phytoplankton dissolved organic matter (DOM). Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal, changes in fluorescence and in the heterotrophic prokaryote abundance were followed over time both in the total exudates and in the low‐ and high‐molecular‐weight fractions. To detect changes in the polarity of proteins, reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to the high‐molecular‐weight fraction. Our results indicate that freshly produced phytoplankton DOM exhibits a dynamic pattern of degradation that is accompanied by large changes in the growth efficiency of the bacterial community that are likely related to changes in DOM quality. Approximately 20% of high‐molecular‐weight DOM and 40% of fluorescence attributed to protein‐like DOM were degraded over the first days of the incubation indicating that protein‐like DOM is likely a labile component of phytoplankton exudates. In contrast, fluorescence measurements suggest that humic‐like substances are resistant to bacterial degradation over the 24 d of the experiment. Despite fluctuations in the short‐term rates of high‐molecular‐weight and low‐molecular‐weight DOM removal, the relative contributions of these fractions to DOM pool were similar in the fresh exudates and at the end of our incubation experiments.