bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrical matrix stimulation suppresses acute itch independently of activation of sleeping nociceptors
Authors: Schwarzenauer M. , Rukwied R. M. , Lampert A. , Rolke R. , Namer B.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Itch can be reduced by pain. Activation of sleeping nociceptors (CMi) is a crucial mechanism for the peripheral component of intense and long‐lasting pain. Thus, activation of CMi might be especially effective in itch reduction. Electrical stimulation using sinusoidal pulses activates CMi with tolerable pain intensity, whereas short rectangular pulses with low intensity do not. In humans, histaminergic itch is mediated by histamine‐sensitive CMi, whereas other pruritogens activate polymodal nociceptors (CM).

Methods

In a psychophysical approach in a balanced crossover repeated‐measures design in healthy volunteers, we activated nociceptors by two different electrical stimulation paradigms via a matrix electrode: 4 Hz sinusoidal pulses that activate C‐nociceptors including CMi or 4 Hz rectangular stimuli to activate nociceptors excluding CMi. After 5‐min stimulation, itch was induced by either histamine iontophoresis or application of cowhage spicules. Itch ratings were assessed via a numerical rating scale (NRS).

Results

Electrical 4 Hz sine wave stimulation (0.1 mA) with low pain ratings of 1.5 (NRS; 0–10) induced an axon reflex erythema (3 cm2), indicating activation of CMi, whereas rectangular 0.2 ms pulses (average 0.91 mA) with the same pain rating did not. Both electrical stimulation paradigms reduced itch magnitude over time evoked by either histamine or cowhage to a similar extent. Peak maximum itch evoked by histamine was reduced by both stimulation paradigms, but not cowhage maximum itch.

Discussion

Since electrical stimulation with the rectangular pulse paradigm reduces itch to a similar extent as the sine wave stimulation paradigm, the input of CMi is not necessarily required for itch suppression. The input of A‐fibres and polymodal nociceptors, similarly, as also achieved by scratching, seems to be sufficient for both forms of chemically evoked itch.

Significance

Since activation of CMi does not provide additional benefit for itch suppression, spinal pain pathways transmitted via CM versus CMi have differential effects on itch‐processing circuits. This is important knowledge for using electrical matrix stimulation as itch suppressor since activation of sleeping nociceptors either requires significantly painful stimulation paradigms or specialized stimulation paradigms as sinusoidal pulses. An alternative approach using half‐sine wave pulses with low pain intensity activating specifically polymodal nociceptors to suppress itch via matrix electrode stimulation may be considered.
Preparation of High‐Power Lithium Fluoride Carbon Battery via Microstructural Modulation of Ketjen Black
Authors: Wang Chang , Teng Jiu Kang , Chen Xiao Tao , Wei Jun Hua , Shi Bin , Yuan Zai Fang , Li Xin Lu , Kang Shu Sen , Tang Kang Kang
Published: September 2023

Ketjen black fluoride (KBF‐2) material, a novel carbon fluoride cathode nanomaterial, is fabricated through a pregrinding treatment followed by a fluorination process for lithium primary batteries. The ketjen black material as the carbon precursors provides a 3D spherical structure with a high‐specific surface area. In addition, the pregrinding treatment results in several cracks in the spherical KBF‐2 particles. The effects of cracks on the fluorine content ratio under the same fluorination process conditions, diffusion coefficient of lithium ions, rate performance, and power density performance are investigated. At an extremely high current density of 4.5 A g−1(at a 6 C rate), the discharge capacity retention is 52.09%, which is a breakthrough for the series of fluoride cathode materials. Moreover, the KBF‐2 cathode is evaluated in a 10 Ah KBF‐2/Li primary pouch cell and demonstrated a high gravimetric energy density of 573.70 Wh kg−1 at a 0.5 C rate, and the discharge duration time reached 624 s under a constant specific power of 1,500 W kg−1. These factors contribute to the remarkable energy density performance and power output stability, particularly at high current densities.
Kalman Filter Tuning for State Estimation of Lithium‐Ion Batteries by Multi‐Objective Optimization via Hyperspace Exploration
Authors: Mößle Patrick , Tietze Tobias , Danzer Michael A.
Published: September 2023

For the estimation of the state of charge of lithium‐ion batteries Kalman filters are the state of the art. To ensure precise and reliable estimations these filters use covariance matrices, which need to be tuned correctly by the developer. This process is time‐consuming and depends largely on the experience and skill of the developer. Hence, filter tuning is not reproducible and not optimal with regard to goals as accuracy and convergence speed. Herein a multiobjective optimization framework called hyperspace exploration is used for the first time to automate the filter tuning procedure for an extended Kalman filter and two versions of adaptive extended Kalman filters. Four key performance indicators, including the maximum error in the estimation of the state of charge and the according root mean square error, are used to describe, validate, and compare the filter performance. This automated process enables optimal usage of the degrees of freedom in filter tuning and no longer requires manual tuning while the whole hyperspace, including different use cases and validation scenarios, is considered in the optimization. Furthermore, the proposed approach yields a novel method for the evaluation of filter parameters and their influence on the estimation behavior.
Are cannabidiol (CBD) levels in consumer food products well tested?—A review
Authors: Siddiqui Shahida Anusha , Fidan Hafize , Stankov Stanko , Mehdizadeh Mohammad , Ambartsumov Tigran Garrievich , Kharazmi Mohammad , Singh Shubhra , Jafari Seid Mahdi
Published: September 2023

There are differing views on cannabis and phytocannabinoid usage in diverse domains of application. This review explores the advantages and drawbacks of using cannabis and phytocannabinoids, including their effects on human health, in addition to highlighting the need for precise and repeatable analytical methods for quantifying controlled phytocannabinoids in consumer cannabidiol (CBD) products and foods. The composition and characteristics of the phytochemicals found in cannabis, the advantages and disadvantages of controlled and uncontrolled phytocannabinoids, and the need for regulation and standardization in the use of cannabis and products containing phytocannabinoids are all covered in this review of the pertinent literature. Cannabinoids used illegally can have negative consequences, but controlled phytocannabinoids found in consumer CBD products are relatively safe and unlikely to cause any adverse effects. It is necessary to restrict the amount of CBD in foods and consumer products in order to ensure safety. To measure the amount of restricted phytocannabinoids in these products, accurate analytical techniques are also required. In order to increase the use of cannabis among consumers, more research is needed to improve our understanding of the bioavailability and metabolic pathways of these compounds. Furthermore, consumers want clear and uniform federal rules governing the amount of CBD in food products in order to ensure correct dosing. To promote safe and responsible use, cannabis and phytocannabinoids must be carefully considered, regulated, and standardized. It is necessary for consumers to have clear, consistent standards governing the percentage of CBD in their food products. As a result, they would know the exact amount of CBD in their products.
Clover microgreen incorporation in diet‐controlled diabetes and counteracted aflatoxicosis of rats
Authors: Aly Tahany A. A. , Mohamed Sara M. , Khattab Marwa S. , Abido Ahmed M. M. , Abdel‐Rahim Emam A. , Al‐Farga Ammar , Sarpong Frederick , Aqlan Faisal
Published: September 2023

Diabetes mellitus is one of the chronic metabolic diseases whose control remains a challenge. Its increased incidence was mainly attributed to increased environmental contamination. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of feeding clover microgreen (CM) on a diabetes model with or without aflatoxin exposure. Rats were distributed into 8 groups. G1 was a control group. G2 was fed CM. G3 was administered aflatoxin orally. G4 was fed clover and administered aflatoxin. G5 was diabetic rats. G6 was diabetic rats fed CM. G7 was diabetic rats administered aflatoxin. G8 was diabetic rats administered aflatoxin and fed CM. Phytochemical analysis of the CM showed that gardenin was the most common compound. The administration of aflatoxin aggravated diabetes. The groups fed CM showed a decreased glucose concentration compared to the unfed groups. Liver and kidney function parameters were improved by CM. The histopathological alteration of the pancreas, liver, and kidneys was relieved in CM‐fed groups. The area % of insulin in islets of Langerhans was increased in CM‐fed groups. Feeding CM also enhanced the oxidative stress biomarkers. In conclusion, CM improved all evaluated parameters in diabetic rats either exposed to aflatoxin or not compared to the control.
Caregiver preparedness is associated with desire to seek long‐term care admission of hospitalized persons with dementia
Authors: Kuzmik Ashley , BeLue Rhonda , Resnick Barbara , Rodriguez Marleny , Berish Diane , Galvin James E. , Boltz Marie
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Hospitalized patients with dementia are more likely to be discharged to long‐term care compared to persons without dementia. Little research has been conducted to examine the associations of caregiver preparedness and strain with desire to seek long‐term care in hospitalized persons with dementia at discharge. The purpose of this study was to examine caregiver preparedness and strain as factors associated with desire to seek long‐term care admission in caregivers of persons with dementia at hospital discharge.

Methods

Patient baseline and discharge data, and caregiver discharge data of 424 patient and caregiver dyads from a cluster randomized trial was used. Stepwise multiple linear regression was conducted to examine factors associated with caregiver desire to seek long‐term care.

Results

After controlling for caregiver and patient characteristics, lower caregiver preparedness (β = −0.069; p < 0.016) was significantly associated with increased desire to seek long‐term care.

Discussion

Findings underscore the need for clinicians and service providers to provide further attention to caregiver preparedness throughout the course of hospitalization.
Nurses' work experiences 5 years after hospital merger in the province of Quebec/Canada—An exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Nogues Sarah , Tremblay Diane‐Gabrielle
Published: September 2023

In recent years, healthcare organisations in North America have undergone major structural changes. In particular, the province of Quebec in Canada adopted a reform in 2015 which led to the merging of healthcare organisations into centralised regional administrations (the ‘CISSS’). As research indicates negative impacts of mergers on patient outcomes and difficulties for the nursing work group in particular, the present paper aims to answer calls for more research about the long‐term effects of major organisational changes on nurses' professional practice and well‐being. We used an exploratory qualitative research design and report on data collected from 42 nursing professionals, ranging from clinical nurses, nurse practitioners, to head nurses and nursing advisors. Drawing on the job demands‐resources model and the person‐environment fit theory, our findings yield three main conclusions regarding the state of nursing practice 5 years after the 2015 reform: (1) emergence of a new demand for work harmonisation; (2) growing gaps in the nursing practice environment across departments; (3) evidence of a structural disempowerment of the nursing practice in healthcare organisations. There is hope that a vast project for practice harmonisation initiated and led by local senior nursing advisors will bring about positive outcomes for the nursing practice, and nurses' overall working conditions in the province.
A stacked ensemble learning and non‐homogeneous hidden Markov model for daily precipitation downscaling and projection
Authors: Jiang Qin , Cioffi Francesco , Conticello Federico Rosario , Giannini Mario , Telesca Vito , Wang Jun
Published: September 2023

Global circulation models (GCMs) are routinely used to project future climate conditions worldwide, such as temperature and precipitation. However, inputs with a finer resolution are required to drive impact‐related models at local scales. The non‐homogeneous hidden Markov model (NHMM) is a widely used algorithm for the precipitation statistical downscaling for GCMs. To improve the accuracy of the traditional NHMM in reproducing spatiotemporal precipitation features of specific geographic sites, especially extreme precipitation, we developed a new precipitation downscaling framework. This hierarchical model includes two levels: (1) establishing an ensemble learning model to predict the occurrence probabilities for different levels of daily precipitation aggregated at multiple sites and (2) constructing a NHMM downscaling scheme of daily amount at the scale of a single rain gauge using the outputs of ensemble learning model as predictors. As the results obtained for the case study in the central‐eastern China (CEC), show that our downscaling model is highly efficient and performs better than the NHMM in simulating precipitation variability and extreme precipitation. Finally, our projections indicate that CEC may experience increased precipitation in the future. Compared with ~26 years (1990–2015), the extreme precipitation frequency and amount would significantly increase by 21.9%–48.1% and 12.3%–38.3%, respectively, by the late century (2075–2100) under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 585 climate scenario.
State of the science and future directions for research on HIV and cancer: Summary of a joint workshop sponsored by IARC and NCI
Authors: Engels Eric A. , Shiels Meredith S. , Barnabas Ruanne V. , Bohlius Julia , Brennan Paul , Castilho Jessica , Chanock Stephen J. , Clarke Megan A. , Coghill Anna E. , Combes Jean‐Damien , Dryden‐Peterson Scott , D'Souza Gypsyamber , Gopal Satish , Jaquet Antoine , Lurain Kathryn , Makinson Alain , Martin Jeffrey , Muchengeti Mazvita , Newton Robert , Okuku Fred , Orem Jackson , Palefsky Joel M. , Ramaswami Ramya , Robbins Hilary A. , Sigel Keith , Silver Sylvia , Suneja Gita , Yarchoan Robert , Clifford Gary M.
Published: September 2023

An estimated 38 million people live with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide and are at excess risk for multiple cancer types. Elevated cancer risks in people living with HIV (PLWH) are driven primarily by increased exposure to carcinogens, most notably oncogenic viruses acquired through shared transmission routes, plus acceleration of viral carcinogenesis by HIV‐related immunosuppression. In the era of widespread antiretroviral therapy (ART), life expectancy of PLWH has increased, with cancer now a leading cause of co‐morbidity and death. Furthermore, the types of cancers occurring among PLWH are shifting over time and vary in their relative burden in different parts of the world. In this context, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) convened a meeting in September 2022 of multinational and multidisciplinary experts to focus on cancer in PLWH. This report summarizes the proceedings, including a review of the state of the science of cancer descriptive epidemiology, etiology, molecular tumor characterization, primary and secondary prevention, treatment disparities and survival in PLWH around the world. A consensus of key research priorities and recommendations in these domains is also presented.
Horizontal versus vertical direction of posterior vaginal wall suture after eradication of rectovaginal endometriosis: A multicenter study
Authors: Turco Luigi Carlo , Raimondo Diego , Raffone Antonio , Raimondo Ivano , Vargiu Virginia , Raspollini Arianna , Travaglino Antonio , Tinelli Raffaele , Zanetti Enrico , Ferrandina Gabriella , Seracchioli Renato , Casadio Paolo , Scambia Giovanni , Cosentino Francesco
Published: September 2023

Objective

To compare safety and effectiveness of two‐different directions of suturing the posterior vaginal breach (horizontal [Ho] vs vertical [Ve]) in women undergoing recto‐vaginal endometriosis (RVE) nodule resection.

Methods

A multicenter, retrospective, observational, cohort study was performed including all women of reproductive age undergoing RVE nodule resection between March 2013 and December 2018 at our tertiary centers. Patients included in the present study were divided into two groups based on the direction in suturing the posterior vaginal fornix defect, for comparisons in terms of rate of postoperative complications, pain relief, pain and anatomical recurrence, and length of hospital stay. Univariate comparisons were performed adopting the t test or the Mann–Whitney test for continuous data and the chi‐square test or the Fisher exact test for categorical data, with a significant P value set to <0.05.

Results

A total of 101 women were included: 67 in the Ho‐group and 34 in the Ve‐group. The two groups did not significantly differ in length of hospital stay (6.7 ± 6.9 vs 6.6 ± 3.3 days; P = 0.95), overall postoperative complications (32.8% vs 14.7%; P = 0.05), pain recurrence (35.8% vs 26.5%; P = 0.34) and anatomical recurrence rate (19.4% vs 23.5%; P = 0.62). Conversely, grade III complications were significantly more common in the Ho‐group than in the Ve‐group (22.7% vs 20%, P = 0.009), while pain relief in terms of deep dyspareunia, dyschezia, dysuria and chronic pelvic pain was more consistent in the Ve‐group patients (P = 0.04, 0.04, 0.05, 0.004, respectively).

Conclusion

In symptomatic women undergoing RVE nodule resection, Ho suturing of the vaginal breach appears more commonly associated with severe postoperative complications and a worse pain control.
Developmental and reproductive toxicity hazard characterization of 2‐amino‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanol (AMP)
Authors: Garnick Lindsey , Bates Christopher , Massarsky Andrey , Spencer Pamela , Sura Priyanka , Monnot Andrew D. , Maier Andrew
Published: September 2023

2‐Amino‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanol (AMP™) is a widely used pH stabilizer in personal care products (PCPs); thus, the safety implications of dermal AMP exposure remain of interest. We have previously reported that exposure to AMP in PCPs when used as intended is not anticipated to result in an increased risk of hepatotoxicity (primarily steatosis and altered phospholipid homeostasis). The current study focuses on AMP in PCP's potential for developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) in humans, based on data from animal studies. Animal studies suggest that exposure to AMP can result in post‐implantation loss. However, such effects occur at maternally toxic doses, posing a challenge for determining appropriate hazard classifications in the context of relevant consumer use scenarios. Our assessment concluded that human exposure to AMP in PCPs is not anticipated to result in DART at non‐maternally toxic doses. Further, mode of action (MOA) analysis elucidated the potential biological pathways underlying DART effects observed in high‐dose animal studies, such that perturbation of uterine choline synthesis was the most well‐supported MOA hypothesis. Downstream uterine effects might reflect choline‐dependent changes in epigenetic control of pathways important for implantation maintenance and uterine cell energetics. Since AMP‐induced post‐implantation loss occurs at doses higher than pathology related to liver toxicity, maintaining AMP exposures from exceeding the onset dose for maternal liver effects will also be protective of DART effects. Furthermore, dermal exposure to AMP expected from the use of PCPs is highly unlikely to result in toxicologically significant systemic AMP concentrations; thus, DART is not anticipated.
Characterization and biological evaluation of a novel flavonoid‐collagen antioxidant hydrogel with cytoprotective properties
Authors: Nalband Danielle M. , Sarker Prottasha , Khan Saad A. , Freytes Donald O.
Published: September 2023

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical and important role during wound healing but excess ROS at the wound site can lead to cellular damage and sub‐optimal healing. Minimizing oxidative damage to the wound site and any supplemental therapeutic cells can be achieved by delivering exogenous antioxidants. Collagen hydrogels are ideal wound care materials due to their biocompatibility, high water content, and porous, three‐dimensional architecture. Yet, they lack the inherent antioxidant activity that could help mitigate excess ROS at a wound site. This work formulates and evaluates the in vitro biocompatibility and antioxidant capabilities of collagen‐fibroblast hydrogels combined with the polyphenolic antioxidant luteolin. Collagen solutions mixed with luteolin readily assembled into robust hydrogels with increasing gel strength due to increasing concentrations of luteolin. SEM images confirmed a mean pore size of 2.2 μm and a drastically different macromolecular ultrastructure with extensive fine crosslinking relative to collagen. Adequate cell viability and metabolic activity of dermal fibroblasts cultured within the gels were measured across all formulations, resulting in higher antioxidant activity and more than double the protection to cells from oxidative damage than traditional collagen hydrogels. Given these results, luteolin‐collagen hydrogels demonstrate the potential for superior wound‐healing properties when compared to collagen alone.
Dysregulation of MicroRNAs in Adult Osteogenesis Imperfecta: The miROI Study
Authors: Mercier-Guery Alexandre , Millet Marjorie , Merle Blandine , Collet Corinne , Bagouet Flora , Borel Olivier , Sornay-Rendu Elisabeth , Szulc Pawel , Vignot Emmanuelle , Gensburger Deborah , Fontanges Elisabeth , Croset Martine , Chapurlat Roland
Published: September 2023

As epigenetic regulators of gene expression, circulating micro-RiboNucleic Acids (miRNAs) have been described in several bone diseases as potential prognostic markers. The aim of our study was to identify circulating miRNAs potentially associated with the severity of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) in three steps. We have screened by RNA sequencing for the miRNAs that were differentially expressed in sera of a small group of OI patients versus controls and then conducted a validation phase by RT-qPCR analysis of sera of a larger patient population. In the first phase of miROI, we found 79 miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed. We therefore selected 19 of them as the most relevant. In the second phase, we were able to validate the significant overexpression of 8 miRNAs in the larger OI group. Finally, we looked for a relationship between the level of variation of the validated miRNAs and the clinical characteristics of OI. We found a significant difference in the expression of two microRNAs in those patients with dentinogenesis imperfecta. After reviewing the literature, we found 6 of the 8 miRNAs already known to have a direct action on bone homeostasis. Furthermore, the use of a miRNA-gene interaction prediction model revealed a 100% probability of interaction between 2 of the 8 confirmed miRNAs and COL1A1 and/or COL1A2. This is the first study to establish the miRNA signature in OI, showing a significant modification of miRNA expression potentially involved in the regulation of genes involved in the physiopathology of OI. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
The aversiveness of intrusiveness: Evidence from involuntary musical imagery
Authors: Akerman‐Nathan Aviv , Naftalovich Hadar , Kalanthroff Eyal
Published: September 2023

Objective

Intrusive thoughts are characterized by a sense of intrusiveness of foreign entry into cognition. While not always consisting of negative content, intrusive thoughts are almost solely investigated in that context. Involuntary Musical Imagery (INMI) offers a promising alternative, as it is a type of involuntary cognition that can be used to evaluate intrusiveness without negative content.

Methods

In Study 1, 200 participants completed self‐report questionnaires to assess several aspects of intrusiveness: meta‐awareness, control, repetitiveness, frequency, and subjective experience of INMI. In Study 2, 203 participants completed self‐report questionnaires to explore the clinical characteristics (depression, stress, anxiety, and rumination) which might mediate the connection between INMI frequency and INMI negative experience.

Results

Study 1 revealed, through exploratory factor analysis, that intrusiveness shares variance with the negative experience of INMI but not with INMI frequency. In Study 2, ruminative thinking was found to mediate the relationship between frequent INMI and the negative experience of INMI.

Conclusion

These results suggest that INMI might be used to investigate intrusiveness in the lab without the potential confound of negative emotions. In addition, the results suggest that neither the content nor the frequency of intrusive thoughts can solely explain why these thoughts are aversive to some but not others. Ruminative style might be the missing link to explain how and why these intrusive thoughts become aversive and obsessive. In other words, we suggest that the cause for intrusiveness lies not in the thought or repetitiveness, but in the thinker.
Loneliness and sense of community are not two sides of the same coin: Identifying different determinants using the 2019 Nova Scotia Quality of Life data
Authors: Hill Taylor G. , MacGillivray Megan
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to explore the relative importance of lifestyle factors and living conditions when predicting loneliness and sense of community (SOC) in a representative sample of 12,871 participants from Nova Scotia collected in 2019. Using multiple regression and measures of relative importance based on the Lindeman, Merenda and Gold (lmg) method, we identified which variables are most important to predicting measures of loneliness and SOC. Twenty‐two predictors accounted for 46% of the variance in SOC and the top 10 predictors accounted for 36% of the variance: satisfaction with quality of the natural environment in the neighborhood (ri = 0.09), life satisfaction (ri = 0.05), number of neighbors one can rely on (ri = 0.05), confidence in institutions (ri = 0.05), feeling better off due to government policy or programming (ri = 0.04), feeling safe walking in neighborhood after dark (ri = 0.03), mental health (ri = 0.02), number of friends one can rely on (ri = 0.02), volunteering (ri = 0.02), and perceptions of time adequacy (ri = 0.02). Only six of these variables were also the top predictors of loneliness. These results show that both community‐ and individual‐level variables are substantial predictors of social well‐being. The effect sizes differ between models, which suggests that there may be important predictors of loneliness that we have not accounted for. This study may inform community‐level programming and policy that seeks to promote social well‐being for individuals and their communities.
Morphological, physicochemical, and functional properties of 15 different dietary carbohydrate sources in Sri Lanka
Authors: Sewwandi Suriya Mudiyanselage , Liyanage Ridma , Bangamuwage Ruksheela , Rathnayake Isuri , Deen Afka , Jayawardana Barana , Liyanage Ruvini
Published: September 2023

Background

Carbohydrate is the primary source of energy in the human diet and plays an important role in a healthy diet. In this study, 15 different carbohydrate sources (white raw rice, red raw rice, white basmati rice, red basmati rice, wheat, atta flour, soy, black gram, corn, finger millet, water lily seeds, kithul, chickpea, oats, and palmyra sprouts) in Sri Lanka were investigated for their physicochemical and functional properties.

Results

The shape of the extracted starch granules varied according to the source, and the amylose content ranged from 17.22% to 36.12%. Kithul and black gram showed the highest water swelling capacity and water absorption index, respectively. Flour of white raw rice and finger millet showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) freeze–thaw stability than other sources. Flour of Soy, black gram, and chickpea showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) dietary fiber content and potassium content than other samples. Water lily seeds showed remarkable in vitro prebiotic activity from the studied carbohydrate sources.

Conclusion

The study indicates the potential utilization of raw white rice, palmyra, and finger millet starch in the food processing industry as alternatives to conventional starch sources. Furthermore, the flour from water lily seeds, white basmati rice, soy, and black gram has the potential for use in functional food preparation, offering a wide range of health benefits.
Effects of irradiation on the aging and sensory quality of navel orange distilled spirits
Authors: Qu Shasha , Jia Xiao , An Qi , Zhang Nawei , Fan Gang , Li Zhenglun , Hu Zhaoxing
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

60Co‐γ irradiation can simulate the effects of aging and enhance the flavor of distilled spirits. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 kGy 60Co‐γ irradiation doses on the key aroma components in newly produced navel orange distilled spirits and thus determine the mechanism of their aging distilled spirits.

RESULTS

The identification of aroma compounds demonstrated that ethyl hexanoate, d‐limonene, ethyl octanoate, 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol and linalool are the key aroma compounds in navel orange distilled spirits, which were increased except for linalool with irradiation doses of 2–6 kGy. Irradiation treatment simulated the effects of the aging of navel orange distilled spirits by promoting the content of total acids, total esters and aldehydes. Irradiation doses of 2–6 kGy increased the aroma intensity of navel orange distilled spirits, reaching an optimum at 6 kGy. However, irradiation doses as high as 8 and 10 kGy decreased the content of esters in navel orange distilled spirits, which led to a deterioration of the spirit flavor.

CONCLUSION

Low doses of 60Co‐γ irradiation can simulate the effects of the aging by increasing the content of key aromatic compounds in navel orange distilled spirits. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Therapeutic potential of enzymatically extracted eumelanin from squid ink in type 2 diabetes mellitus ICR mice: Multifaceted intervention against hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and depression
Authors: Song Wen , Xing Ronge , Yang Haoyue , Liu Song , Yu Huahua , Li Pengcheng
Published: September 2023

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disease that poses significant health risks due to its numerous complications. However, the effects of eumelanin on oxidative stress, hyperglycemia and depression in diabetic mice have not been extensively studied.

Results

Our study employed an enzymatic approach to extract eumelanin from squid ink and characterized it using spectroscopic techniques. Remarkably, eumelanin extracted with alkaline‐neutral‐flavor protease (ANF) displayed superior inhibitory activity against α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase, while enhancing glucose utilization and hepatic glycogen synthesis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) insulin resistance model. Further evaluation of ANF in a T2DM ICR mouse model demonstrated its significant potential in alleviating hyperglycemia, reducing glycosylated serum protein levels, improving glucose tolerance and modulating total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein levels, as well as antioxidant indices at a dosage of 0.04 g kg−1. Additionally, ANF exhibited positive effects on energy levels and reduced immobility time in antidepressant behavioral experiments. Moreover, ANF positively influenced the density and infiltration state of renal cells, while mitigating inflammatory enlargement and deformation of liver cells, without inducing any adverse effects in mice.

Conclusion

Overall, these findings underscore the significant therapeutic potential of ANF in the treatment of T2DM and its associated complications. By augmenting lipid and glucose metabolism, mitigating oxidative stress and alleviating depression, ANF emerges as a promising candidate for multifaceted intervention. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Microstructural Analysis of Benzoxazine Cationic Ring‐Opening Polymerization Pathways
Authors: Ribeiro Francisco W. M. , Omari Isaac , Thomas Gilian T. , Paul Mathias , Williams Peter J. H. , McIndoe J. Scott , Correra Thiago C.
Published: September 2023

Herein, an evaluation of the initial step of benzoxazine polymerization is presented by mass spectrometry, with a focus on differentiating the phenoxy and phenolic products formed by distinct pathways of the cationic ring opening polymerization (ROP) mechanism of polybenzoxazine formation. The use of infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) techniques allows for differentiation of the two pathways and provides valuable insights into the ROP mechanism. The results suggest that type I pathway is favored in the initial stages of the reaction yielding the phenoxy product, while type II product should be observed at later stages when the phenoxy product would interconvert to the most stable type II phenolic product. Overall, the findings presented here provide important information on the initial step of the benzoxazine polymerization, allowing the development of optimal polymerization conditions and represents a way to evaluate other multifunctional polymerization processes.
Psychobiotics for Mitigation of Neuro‐Degenerative Diseases: Recent Advancements
Authors: Dhyani Priya , Goyal Chhaya , Dhull Sanju Bala , Chauhan Anil Kumar , Singh Saharan Baljeet , Harshita  , Duhan Joginder Singh , Goksen Gulden
Published: September 2023

Ageing is inevitable and poses a universal challenge for all living organisms, including humans. The human body experiences rapid cell division and metabolism until approximately 25 years of age, after which the accumulation of metabolic by‐products and cellular damage leads to age‐related diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are of concern due to their irreversible nature, lack of effective treatment, and impact on society and the economy. Researchers are interested in finding drugs that can effectively alleviate ageing and age‐related diseases without side‐effects. Psychobiotics are a novel class of probiotic organisms and prebiotic interventions that confer mental health benefits to the host when taken appropriately. Psychobiotic strains affect functions related to the central nervous system (CNS) and behaviors mediated by the Gut‐Brain‐Axis (GBA) through various pathways. There is an increasing interest in researchers of these microbial‐based psychopharmaceuticals. Psychobiotics have been reported to reduce neuronal ageing, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cortisol levels; increase synaptic plasticity and levels of neurotransmitters and antioxidants. The present review focuses on the manifestation of elderly neurodegenerative and mental disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and depression, and the current status of their potential alleviation through psychobiotic interventions, highlighting their possible mechanisms of action.
Electromagnet‐driven long‐period fiber gratings for tunable Tm/Ho‐codoped silica fiber lasers
Authors: Dodo Shimpei , Hashimoto Keisuke , Sakata Hajime
Published: September 2023

We report the experimental results on controlling the oscillation wavelength by inducing force‐induced fiber gratings in Tm/Ho co‐doped fiber ring resonators. The fiber grating generates the resonance loss bands that are controlled with an electromagnet. The oscillation wavelength covers from 1879 nm to 1995 nm overall by shifting the passband that appears between the neighboring loss bands.
P‐substrate InP‐based 1.5 μm lasers using an internal carbon‐doped layer to block p‐dopant diffusion
Authors: Duggan Shane P. , Yang Hua , Kelly Niall P. , Caro Ludovic , Dernaika Mohamad , Shayesteh Maryam , Gocalinska Agnieszka , Thomas Kevin , Pelucchi Emanuele , Corbett Brian , Peters Frank H.
Published: September 2023

P‐substrate AlGaInAs/InP lasers are enabled using an internal carbon‐doped layer to block Zn‐diffusion. These inverted lasers are developed for the aim of further monolithic vertical integration with passive or active material, which would allow full system on‐chip integration. The lasers emit at 1.5
μm making them ideal for telecommunication applications. Different p‐substrate laser designs were grown to quantify the effect the carbon doped layer had on blocking Zn p‐dopants diffusion, which permits the long growths necessary for vertical integration. Current, voltage, and capacitance measurements were used to examine the different laser designs, proving that Zn p‐dopant diffusion is responsible for p‐substrate laser failure.
Novel compact CRLH‐TL‐based tri‐band MIMO antenna element for the 5G mobile handsets
Authors: Huang Chao , Jiao Yong‐Chang , Weng Zi‐bin
Published: September 2023

A novel compact tri‐band multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna element based on composite right/left‐handed transmission line (CRLH‐TL) for the fifth‐generation (5G) mobile handsets is presented. First, by using the coupled‐fed loop with the CRLH‐TL zeroth‐order resonator (ZOR) structure, we propose a compact antenna element covering 1.525/3.45/4.9 GHz bands (1490‐1560/3300‐3600/ 4800‐5000 MHz). A band‐stop matching circuit (BSMC) is also added between the feeding point and the element to expand the 1.525 GHz band to 1490‐1710 MHz. Then, an MIMO array with eight proposed tri‐band elements is designed and fabricated. The measured results show that the MIMO array operates in 1.6/3.45/4.9 GHz bands (1490‐1710/3300‐3600/4800‐5000 MHz) with good isolations (more than 10 dB) and acceptable radiation efficiencies. Furthermore, the envelop correlation coefficients (ECCs) between any two elements in the MIMO array are less than 0.23.
Split ring resonator metamaterial loads for compact Hepta band printed inverted F antenna with circular polarization
Authors: Hatami Ahmad , Naser‐Moghadasi Mohammad
Published: September 2023

The printed inverted F antenna (PIFA) has been developed in various shapes for the wireless application. In this paper, we have developed a novel shape based on loop antenna where it is in interaction with the split ring resonator (SRR) load and the extended ground by two vias for multi‐band antenna to cover, GSM900, GSM1800, UMTS, GSM1900, WCDMA 100, 802.11b/g, LTE2600, and 802.11a/n. The antenna total dimensions are 100 mm × 60 mm and it is fabricated on a low‐cost FR‐4 substrate. The prototype antenna has omnidirectional pattern and VSWR is lower than 3 for wireless requested frequency. We obtained 2‐4 dBi antenna gain plus 70% efficiency and circular polarization at 2.5 and 5.5 GHz. The prototype antenna shows low SAR for GSM 900 and GSM 1800 while it has checked for 1 g and 10 g with maximum value of 0.942 and 1.27 W/kg for 900 and 1800 MHz, respectively. In this new survey, the SAR value is decreased sensitively as per previous range in PIFA. The prototype has simulated with HFSS and CST that we used full wave method in both simulation software and finally we compared simulation and experimental result.
A wideband power divider using LC resonant circuit for different phase output differences
Authors: Jang Youna , Lee Daeung , Koo Seo , Kang Tae Hoon , Kim Jiwon , Ahn Dal
Published: September 2023

A wideband Wilkinson power divider using parallel LC resonant circuit is proposed for different phase output differences. The design theory of the wideband power divider is derived by making the difference between the slopes of the added line for phase shift and the slopes of parallel LC resonant circuit constant zero, and then, the formula is used to find the value L and C. For easy fabrication, the lumped element L and C are implemented as the shunt stub of distributed element.

The proposed circuit on Rogers RT 5880 is designed and measured to verify the new design concept. For accurate comparison, the phase shift line of the conventional Wilkinson power divider is added to one of output ports, and the proposed circuit is fabricated with 45° and 90° power divider at 1.5 GHz central frequency. The fractional bandwidth of the proposed 45° and 90° power divider in case of ±10° phase deviation is over 120% and 100%, respectively. Therefore, the measured results are in good agreement with the design method, and the proposed one will be much smaller size than 90° or 180° hybrid couplers. The proposed Wilkin‐ son power divider will be applicable for phase shifter and various microwave circuits.
Harmonic suppression in branch‐line couplers based on slow‐wave transmission lines with simultaneous inductive and capacitive loading
Authors: Selga Jordi , Vélez Paris , Coromina Jan , Fernández‐Prieto Armando , Bonache Jordi , Martín Ferran
Published: September 2023

A compact branch‐line hybrid coupler with harmonic suppression based on slow‐wave microstrip lines is presented in this paper. These slow‐wave artificial transmission lines are implemented by simultaneously loading a host line with series inductors and shunt capacitors. By this means, the effective capacitance and inductance of the line are increased and, consequently, the phase velocity and signal wavelength are reduced. This slow‐wave effect, useful for device miniaturization, is applied to reduce the size of the coupler. Particularly, by implementing the reactive elements through capacitive patches and inductive strips, 64% size reduction, as compared to the conventional coupler, is achieved. Moreover, due to the filtering capability of the inductors and capacitors, the first and second harmonic responses of the coupler are completely suppressed. A detailed design methodology based on the schematic of the proposed slow‐wave transmission line is reported. The work includes a simple analysis to justify that two unit cells per transmission line section are necessary to suppress the harmonic bands leaving unaltered the coupler response in the region of interest. The fabricated device is fully planar, does not use vias, and the ground plane is kept unaltered.
A compact, stable, and angular independent dual‐band frequency‐selective surface for WiFi applications
Authors: Ali Haider , Shafique Muhammad Farhan , Riaz Laeeq , Khan Mahmood Ashraf
Published: September 2023

This research work reports on a compact dual‐band bandstop frequency‐selective surface design that is capable of suppressing signals in both 2.4 and 5 GHz bands. The structure is composed of closed loop topology with the unit element size of 0.084 λ0 × 0.084 λ0. In addition to compactness, the proposed structure is independent of polarization defects and angular variations up to 45°. It suppresses signals at least by 15 dB in all polarizations and angle of incidences. The parametric optimization of unit cell allows accurate controlling of desired bands and bandwidth. A prototype of the proposed design is fabricated and measured and good agreement between measured and simulated results is demonstrated.
A new passive compensation structure for Chebyshev complex band‐pass filter design
Authors: Li Yaping , Wang Yong , Kuo James B.
Published: September 2023

A new passive compensation structure for Chebyshev‐I complex band‐pass filter is presented. The proposed method aims to cancel the excess phase lag of the integrators caused by the limited gain‐bandwidth product (GBW) of the amplifier, thus ensuring the in‐band flatness of the magnitude‐frequency response. A fifth‐order Chebyshev‐I active‐RC complex band‐pass filter (CBPF) is implemented in TSMC 0.13 μm CMOS technology with a center frequency of 12.24 MHz and a bandwidth of 9 MHz for low‐IF receivers. The CBPF achieves a 46 dB image rejection ratio, a 0.7 dB ripple in the passband and consumes 14.6 mA current from a 1.5 V power supply.
Design of a wideband 0.18‐μm SiGe BiCMOS power amplifier in Ku and K bands
Authors: Hsiao Meng‐Jie , Kim Kyoungwoon , Nguyen Cam
Published: September 2023

A new wideband 0.18‐μm SiGe BiCMOS power amplifier (PA) operating from 16.5 to 25.5 GHz is presented. The PA consists of a drive amplifier and two main amplifiers integrated through lumped‐element Wilkinson power divider and combiner. The PA exploits the advantages of both HBT and NMOS characteristics in a cascode topology in addition to floating the NMOS body to achieve good gain, output power, power‐aided efficiency (PAE), and linearity. The developed PA has relatively flat saturated output power (Psat) of 18.5‐20.8 dBm, output 1‐dB compression point (OP1dB) of 15.1‐18.1 dBm, 13.5‐23% maximum PAE, and gain of 19.5 ±1.5 dB across 16.5‐25.5 GHz. At 24 GHz, the PA achieves Psat, OP1dB, maximum PAE, and gain of 20.8 dBm, 18.1 dBm, 23%, and 20 dB, respectively.
A novel open loop design technique for frequency selective surface miniaturization
Authors: Adeline Mellita R. , Chandu D. S. , Karthikeyan S. S.
Published: September 2023

In this letter, a highly miniaturizedal‐band frequency selective surface (FSS) is designed and experimentally verified. The proposed structure has orthogonally meandered metallic strips with an opening at one point in the loop. This single sided FSS operates at 1.23 and 3.3 GHz with a compact unit cell size dimension of 0.033λ0 × 0.033λ0 × 0.003λ0 where λ0 stands for the free space wavelength at the lower resonating frequency. Parametric and circuit analyses of the formulated structure has been carried out to have a comprehensive understanding of the model. The structure has stable resonance for TE and TM polarizations at various incident angles. The presented FSS is fabricated and measured. A good similitude between the simulation and measurement has been obtained.
A wideband antenna using metasurface for the 2G/3G/LTE/5G communications
Authors: Feng Botao , Li Lei , Zeng Qingsheng , Chung Kwok L.
Published: September 2023

A wideband antenna using metasurface is proposed for the future 5G communications. By using the metasurface and the multi‐layer substrate with high relative permittivity, the height of the proposed antenna can be reduced to 0.11 𝛌c in the operating frequency band. The metasurface including 40 unit cells are arranged on the second layer to improve the gain at the upper frequencies. Besides, by employing the dual arc‐shaped defected ground structure, the impedance bandwidth can also be broaden and the gain can be improved. The measured result shows that an impedance bandwidth of 77.2% (1.63‐3.68 GHz) with a stable gain of 5.1 ± 1.2 dBi can be obtained. Hence, the proposed antenna is potentially suitable for the future 5G communications.