bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Primary Care: Exploratory Qualitative Study of UK General Practitioners’ Views (Preprint)
Authors: Blease Charlotte , Kaptchuk Ted J , Bernstein Michael H , Mandl Kenneth D , Halamka John D , DesRoches Catherine M
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

The potential for machine learning to disrupt the medical profession is the subject of ongoing debate within biomedical informatics and related fields.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore general practitioners’ (GPs’) opinions about the potential impact of future technology on key tasks in primary care.

METHODS

In June 2018, we conducted a Web-based survey of 720 UK GPs’ opinions about the likelihood of future technology to fully replace GPs in performing 6 key primary care tasks, and, if respondents considered replacement for a particular task likely, to estimate how soon the technological capacity might emerge. This study involved qualitative descriptive analysis of written responses (“comments”) to an open-ended question in the survey.

RESULTS

Comments were classified into 3 major categories in relation to primary care: (1) limitations of future technology, (2) potential benefits of future technology, and (3) social and ethical concerns. Perceived limitations included the beliefs that communication and empathy are exclusively human competencies; many GPs also considered clinical reasoning and the ability to provide value-based care as necessitating physicians’ judgments. Perceived benefits of technology included expectations about improved efficiencies, in particular with respect to the reduction of administrative burdens on physicians. Social and ethical concerns encompassed multiple, divergent themes including the need to train more doctors to overcome workforce shortfalls and misgivings about the acceptability of future technology to patients. However, some GPs believed that the failure to adopt technological innovations could incur harms to both patients and physicians.

CONCLUSIONS

This study presents timely information on physicians’ views about the scope of artificial intelligence (AI) in primary care. Overwhelmingly, GPs considered the potential of AI to be limited. These views differ from the predictions of biomedical informaticians. More extensive, stand-alone qualitative work would provide a more in-depth understanding of GPs’ views.
Pericardial and Pleural Effusion in Patient with Relapse Stage IV Breast Cancer: Same Pathology, Different Etiology?
Authors: Rosalinda Vienna , Hartopo Anggoro Budi , Anggrahini Dyah Wulan , Irawan Bambang
Published: November 2018

Pericardial effusion associated with malignacy has poor prognosis. The prompt identification of etiology is mandatory, such that timely management can be performed and survival can be increased. However, difficulty in etiology determination is commonly encountered. In this case, we report female patient with relapse stage IV breast cancer who develop massive pericardial and bilateral pleural effusion. The similar characteristics were found in both effusion fluids, however the identification of etiology was not similar. Metastatic cells were found in pleural effusion, whereas they were absent in pericardial effusion.
PTH, FGF23, and Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering in Chronic Kidney Disease Participants in SPRINT
Authors: Ginsberg Charles , Craven Timothy E. , Chonchol Michel B. , Cheung Alfred K. , Sarnak Mark J. , Ambrosius Walter T. , Killeen Anthony A. , Raphael Kalani L. , Bhatt Udayan Y. , Chen Jing , Chertow Glenn M. , Freedman Barry I. , Oparil Suzanne , Papademetriou Vasilios , Wall Barry M. , Wright Clinton B. , Ix Joachim H. , Shlipak Michael G. ,   for the SPRINT Research Group
Published: November 2018

Background and objectives

The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) demonstrated that intensive BP lowering reduced the risk of cardiovascular disease, but increased eGFR decline. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) concentrations are elevated in CKD and are associated with cardiovascular disease. We evaluated whether intact PTH or intact FGF23 concentrations modify the effects of intensive BP control on cardiovascular events, heart failure, and all-cause mortality in SPRINT participants with CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We measured PTH and FGF23 in 2486 SPRINT participants with eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at baseline. Cox models were used to evaluate whether serum PTH and FGF23 concentrations were associated with cardiovascular events, heart failure, and all-cause mortality, and whether PTH and FGF23 modified the effects of intensive BP control.

Results

The mean age of this subcohort was 73 years, 60% were men, and mean eGFR was 46±11 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Median PTH was 48 (interquartile range [IQR], 35–67) pg/ml and FGF23 was 66 (IQR, 52–88) pg/ml. There were 261 composite cardiovascular events, 102 heart failure events, and 179 deaths within the subcohort. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) per doubling of PTH concentration for cardiovascular events, heart failure, and all-cause mortality were 1.29 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.06 to 1.57), 1.32 (95% CI, 0.96 to 1.83), and 1.04 (95% CI, 0.82 to 1.31), respectively. There were significant interactions between PTH and BP arm for both the cardiovascular (P-interaction=0.01) and heart failure (P-interaction=0.004) end points. Participants with a PTH above the median experienced attenuated benefits of intensive BP control on cardiovascular events (adjusted HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.42) compared with participants with a PTH below the median (adjusted HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.45 to 1.00). FGF23 was not independently associated with any outcome and did not modify the effects of the intervention.

Conclusions

SPRINT participants with CKD and a high serum PTH received less cardiovascular protection from intensive BP therapy than participants with a lower serum PTH.
O MÉTODO REGRESSIVO-PROGRESSIVO COMO POSSIBILIDADE PARA OS ESTUDOS DAS CIDADES MÉDIAS
Authors: Barros Samarane Fonseca de Souza
Published: November 2018

Na atual realidade urbana brasileira, muito se tem discutido sobre o papel das cidades médias nas regiões e redes urbanas as quais estão alocadas. Ao considerar as cidades médias para além de seu porte demográfico, nota-se uma multiplicidade em suas funções e temporalidades distintas que coexistem, bem como uma série de pares analíticos e dialéticos inerentes ao seu cotidiano. Para isto, propõe com o presente trabalho a análise do método regressivo-progressivo do filósofo Henri Lefebvre como possibilidade para o estudo das cidades médias. Apesar do método ter sido lançado, à priori, como investigação da sociologia rural, outras camadas das ciências sociais vêm se apropriando dele, inclusive a Geografia Urbana.

Palavras-chave: Henri Lefebvre. Método regressivo-progressivo. Cidades médias.

 

THE REGRESSIVE-PROGRESSIVE METHOD LIKE A POSSIBILITY TO STUDIES OF SIZED-MEDIUM CITIES

ABSTRACT

In the current brazilian urban reality, much has been discussed about the function of medium-sized cities in the regions and urban networks that are allocated. In considering medium-sized cities beyond their demographic size, there is a multiplicity in their distinct functions and temporalities that coexist, as well as a series of analytical and dialectical pairs in their daily lives. For this, it proposes with the present work the analysis of the regressive-progressive method of the philosopher Henri Lefebvre as a possibility for the study of the medium-sized e cities. Although the method has been launched, first, as an investigation of rural sociology, other layers of the social sciences have been appropriating it, including Urban Geography.

 Key Words: Henri Lefebvre. Regressive-progressive method. Medium-sized cities.

 

EL MÉTODO REGRESSIVO-PROGRESIVO COMO POSIBILIDAD PARA LOS ESTUDIOS DE LAS CIUDADES MEDIAS

RESUMEN

En la actual realidad urbana brasileña, mucho se ha discutido sobre el papel de las ciudades medias en las regiones y redes urbanas a las que están asignadas. Al considerar las ciudades medias más allá de su tamaño demográfico, se nota una multiplicidad en sus funciones y temporalidades distintas que coexisten, así como una serie de pares analíticos y dialécticos inherentes a su cotidiano. Para ello, propone con el presente trabajo el análisis del método regresivo-progresivo del filósofo Henri Lefebvre como posibilidad para el estudio de las ciudades medias. A pesar de que el método fue lanzado, a priori, como investigación de la sociología rural, otras capas de las ciencias sociales se vienen apropiando de él, incluso la Geografía Urbana.

Palabras clave: Henri Lefebvre. Método regressivo-progressivo. Ciudades medias.
Conformismo pós-moderno e nostalgia moderna: As ideologias estéticas dos anos 80
Authors: Reis Ronaldo Rosas
Published: November 2018

Este artigo tematiza a representação do movimento internacional de Retorno à Pintura a partir da confluência de "ismos" das tendências artísticas (transvanguardismo, neoexpressionismo, hipermaneirismo, etc.) que dariam a sua direção ideológica nos anos 80. Avalia e sublinha o caráter comum das ideologias estéticas reunidas naquela representação à luz do projeto neoliberal que, então, prenunciava-se hegemônico, comentando ainda as formulações contidas em algumas teses anti-pós-modernistas que marcaram o debate internacional no período. Finalmente, volta-se para o Brasil tematizando a representação do movimento Retorno à Pintura a partir da caracterização da chamada "Geração 80", analisando a sua emergência e desdobramentos ideológicos no cenário cultural do país.
O desenvolvimento científico contemporâneo e algumas conseqüências para a humanidade
Authors: Rangel Mônica
Published: November 2018

Este artigo aborda alguns dos aspectos das aceleradas transformações que estão ocorrendo neste final de século e o seu significado no cotidiano dos indivíduos. Sem deixar de reconhecer a grande contribuição do avanço científico e tecnológico para a humanidade, ressalta o caráter de exclusão social que este progresso trás para o mundo.
A rainha sensual - uma análise do fenômeno Xuxa
Authors: Júnior Jupy
Published: November 2018

Este artigo teve como origem a monografia de graduação do curso de Comunicação Social, habilitação jornalismo, da Universidade Federal Fluminense, orientada pelo professor doutor Luís Carlos Lopes,  tendo sido apresentada em abril de 2000. A intenção é criar uma discussão a respeito dos principais mecanismos sociais, econômicos, políticos e comunicacionais que tornam possíveis fenômenos de massa como a apresentadora Xuxa Meneghel. Este trabalho tenciona exibir uma persona midiática brasileira de forte apelo junto ao público por um ponto de vista analítico. Também tenciona levantar alguns aspectos que auxiliem em uma discussão mais profunda a respeito de outros fenômenos, bastante difundidos pela televisão – principalmente -, e de que maneira isto afeta a vida das pessoas e o imaginário coletivo brasileiro.
Mídia e Privacidade
Authors: Nunes de Andrade Regina Gloria
Published: November 2018

Este trabalho é parte de uma trilogia de exercícios de interpretação que buscam relacionar conceitos da psicanálise e mecanismos de funcionamento dos meios de comunicação, sobretudo tomando como exemplos os temas referentes a intimidade tratados no jornalismo. As articulações do imaginário com a comunicação são seu o fio condutor. Este trabalho pretende compreender por que a privacidade atualmente  representa tão pouco em nossa subjetividade.
A imprensa e o discurso da defesa do consumidor
Authors: Maldonado da Silva Lyra Renata
Published: November 2018

Este artigo teve o objetivo de discutir o discurso construído pela imprensa sobre os chamados direitos dos consumidores. Através da análise de colunas que se propõem a defendê-los, existentes em jornais da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, buscou-se perceber como os ‘consumidores’ representam a atuação da imprensa sobre o problema. Mencionou-se, ainda, os principais assuntos e reclamações reivindicados pelos leitores dos periódicos analisados.
Democracia digital y ciudadanización de la política: problemas y desafíos
Authors: Palacios Rolando
Published: November 2018

Resumo indisponível
“Ciencias de la Comunicación”, paradigma del siglo XX?
Authors: Vizer Eduardo A.
Published: November 2018

La Modernidad es una categoría histórica. Un paradigma de  construcción de imaginarios sociales, asociados a una historia social de las ciencias y los modos de construír conocimiento, tecnología y poder de intervención sobre la “realidad”. Categorías como naturaleza, sociedad, individuo y subjetividad son construcciones sociales asociadas  a diferentes etapas de las ciencias: físiconaturales, sociales y psicológicas. En este contexto, las “ciencias de la comunicación” se constituyen en el imaginario social del siglo XX, en un paradigma marcado por la técnica, la transdisciplinariedad y la transsubjetividad en los procesos de construcción de sentido.
Realidade Virtual e Hipermídia - somar ou subtrair?
Authors: Fragoso Suely
Published: November 2018

A existência de diversas iniciativas para a inclusão de modelos tridimensionais na World Wide Web convida à reflexão sobre as diferentes concepções de espaço sobre as quais se apóiam a Realidade Virtual e a Hipermídia.Os ambientes de Realidade Virtual, independente do grau de imersividade proposto, são tipicamente construídos a partir da concepção do espaço como um existente anterior e independente dos elementos que o ocupam, cujas características fundamentais seriam a homogeneidade e a infinitude.
Reflexões sobre o gosto na escolha da leitura de lazer: desfazendo preconceitos
Authors: Dumont Lígia Maria Moreira
Published: November 2018

Investiga a literatura pertinente ao gosto na escolha de bens culturais, destacando as ponderações sobre as opções tidas como as populares e as eruditas, transportando-as para a escolha da leitura de lazer. São apresentadas argumentações de Bourdieu e Kant sobre cultura erudita e cultura popular. Analisa ainda as pesquisas brasileiras sobre o consumo da literatura de massa e os estímulos que esta pode estar transmitindo, aliados aos da mídia em geral.
Chats: comunicação e sociedade
Authors: Júnior Jupy
Published: November 2018

Este artigo tem como base dissertação de Mestrado com o mesmo título, apresentada no Mestrado em Comunicação, Imagem e Informação da Universidade Federal Fluminense em dezembro de 2002, e insere-se em uma discussão acadêmica sobre a comunicação que é feita nos ambientes virtuais dos chats, suas especificidades e correlação com demais elementos simbólicos e concretos que circulam na sociedade.Com base em estudos sobre a dinâmica das manifestações midiáticas do nosso tempo e suas influências no comportamento dos indivíduos, pesquisa de campo, reflexões e comentários, procuro demonstrar que os chats são ferramentas de acesso que atestam alguns dos microfenômenos sociais aos quais os usuários estão submetidos.
Prospects of Antiangiogenic Therapy for Portal Hypertension in Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Garbuzenko D. V.
Published: November 2018

Aim.This paper is aimed at reviewing existing literature that investigates the role of angiogenesis in portal hypertension pathogenesis in liver cirrhosis and the possibilities of its antiangiogenic therapy, along with the description of angiogenesis inhibiting drugs and their action mechanisms.

Key points. A relevant literature and reference list search was performed using PubMed and RSCI and Google Scholar, and covered the 2000–2017 period. The following keywords were used: liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, pathogenesis, angiogenesis, antiangiogenic therapy. The inclusion criteria were limited to the antiangiogenic therapy of portal hypertension. Angiogenesis is shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis. Angiogenesis is the basis for the development of associated portal hypertension that causes its characteristic complications. The experimental studies reviewed in this paper investigate the action mechanism of angiogenesis inhibiting drugs and their effect on portal hypertension. It is shown that, so far, only tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been tested in patients with liver cirrhosis as an antiangiogenic therapy for portal hypertension.

Conclusion.Antiangiogenic therapy, selectively directed at unusually growing newly-formed vessels, can be a pathogenetically justified method for treating portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis on its subclinical stage.
Do FNE para o FNPE: a CONAPE como movimento de resistência em defesa da educação.
Authors: Dourado Luiz Fernandes , Araújo Walisson
Published: November 2018

O artigo pretende expor e problematizar o movimento recente de construção das Conae e os processos relevantes de inserção da sociedade civil no debate educacional nacional. Também lança luz sobre as consequências das medidas encaminhadas pelo Governo Temer nos espaços de democracia participativa e, por consequência, no desenho de políticas públicas educacionais orientadas pela e para a garantia do direito à educação. Mostramos como se constrói um espaço coletivo de resistência, via constituição do Fórum Nacional Popular de Educação (FNPE) e da realização da Conferência Nacional Popular de Educação (Conape), com seu Plano de Lutas.
Corpos e imaginação em movimento brincante: teatro e literatura na formação de professores
Authors: Cintra Simone Cristiane Silveira , Debus Eliane Santana Dias
Published: November 2018

O artigo publiciza formação de extensão com um grupode 28 estudantes do Curso de Pedagogia, da Universidade Federal deSanta Catarina, no segundo semestre de 2011, vivenciando experiênciasexpressivas com a linguagem teatral e a literatura produzida paraa infância. O período, embora curto, contribuiu para a ressignificação eexpressão de ideias, sentimentos e conhecimentos das futuras professoras,não ocorrendo somente pelas formas linguísticas que informam,mas, também, por aquelas que potencializam a imaginação.
MANUFACTURE OF PHYSICS EXPERIMENT TOOL ROBERVAL BALANCE USING WOOD WASTE BY FURNITURE INDUSTRION
Authors: Zakwandi Rizki , Agustina R D , Setya W , Gumilar T
Published: November 2018

Abstrak

 

Labratorium sekolah merupakan salah satu tempat belajar sains bagi peserta didik. Keterbatasan alat di laboratorium sekolah akan menghalangi pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan alat praktikum fisika Roberval balance dengan memanfaatkan limbah kayu dari industri mebel. Proses pembuatan alat mencakup perancangan, pembuatan, perakitan, uji coba dan pengkalibrasian alat. Tahap perancangan dan pembuatan dilakukan di laboratorium pendidikan fisika. Tahap pengujian alat dilakukan dua tahap yaitu secara kualitatif yang dilaksanakan di laboratorium pendidikan fisika UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung dan pengujian secara kuantitatif di sekolah. Hasil uji coba dan kalibrasi alat diperoleh data mengenai tingkat akurasi dan presisi alat. Uji coba dan pengkalibrasian dilakukan dengan membandingkan massa jenis cairan x hasil pengukuran dengan data literasi. Cairan yang digunakan pada percobaan ini yaitu minyak tanah, minyak goreng, glukosa 30%, spirtus dan larutan gula jenuh . Dari uji kalibrasi diperoleh nilai eror terbesar pengukuran adalah 8,98% dan nilai eror terkecil mencapai 3% dengan rata-rata eror pada uji kualitatif sebesar 5,845% dan pada uji kuantitatif sebesar 7,312%. Tingkat kepresisian alat ditunjukan dengan nilai standar deviasi yang cukup kecil yaitu 0,0248. Secara umum penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa peralatan praktikum Roberval balace dapat dibangun dari barang bekas/limbah kayu.

 

Kata kunci: Limbah kayu; media praktikum fisika; Roberval balance

 

Abstract

 

The confine of experiment tools at the schools may be obstacle the learning proses. limited equipment in the school labs will be barring for optimal learning implementation process. The aim of this research is to expand the experiment tools of physics Roberval balance using wood waste by furniture industrion. The methods including design, manufacture, assembly, testing and calibration tools. Design and manufacture process is doing at physics laboratory of State Islamic Universisty Sunan Gunung Djati and quantitative testing is doing at the schools. The next process are testing and calibration that do base on qualitative and quantitave testing. Qualitative test is doing at physic laboratory that compare the density of fluid by measurement with density in literation. Testing process is permormed several liquids are kerosene, cooking oil, 30% of glucose, spirt and sugar liquid. From the calibration test data showed that maximum value of the mearusement error is 8,98% and the smallest error is 3% with average error in qualitative testing 5,845% and 7,312% in quantitative testing. The precision tool indicated by vtlue of standar deviation is small enough 0,0248. Generally, this research indicating experiment tools Roberval balance can be manufacture by waste materials of the wood.

 

Keywords: wood wastes; physics experiment tool; Roberval balance
PEMBUATAN SEL SURYA TERSENSITASI PEWARNA (SSTP) LAPISAN TiO2/GRAFIT DARI EKSTRAK KELOPAK BUNGA ROSELLA, BERAS KETAN HITAM, DAN UBI JALAR UNGU
Authors: Nurhidayah Nurhidayah , Suwarni Suwarni , Usna Sri Rahayu Alfitri , Afrianto Muhammad Ficky , Farid Faizar
Published: November 2018

Fabrication of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) using working electrodes composed of a mixture of TiO2 and 14% of graphite, which then denoted as TiO2:C14%, has been done. The TiO2:C14% colloid was deposited on a conductive Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide (FTO) glass substrate by using sol-gel-spin coating at the speed of 1500 rpm for 50 seconds. This thin layer was then immersed for 24 hours in different dye solutions extracted from Rosella petals (hibiscus sabdariffa), black glutinous rice (oryza sativa) and purple sweet potato (ipomoea batatas). Composition materials used to fabricate the solar cells were characterized by using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cells was measured by using a set of I-V characteristic circuit. The result showed that the highest PCE of 3 x 10-3 % was obtained from the cells based on dye extracted from rosella petals compared to those from black glutinous rice and purple sweet potato.

 

Keywords: DSSC, dye, rosella, TiO2, spin coating, XRD, efficiency.
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT UKUR PM10 RENDAH BIAYA MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR DEBU GP2Y1010AU0F
Authors: Purbakawaca Rady , Sawitri Kania Nur , Rido Muhammad , Irvan Aris , Kumala Oky Lidya , Nurjaman Jajang , Zebua Helni Kurniawati , Andini Eka Fitri , Amalia Lia
Published: November 2018

Bahan partikulat dengan ukuran lebih kecil dari 10 μm (PM10) telah dikaji dalam berbagai penelitian sebagai salah satu polutan utama di udara. Monitoring PM10 dibuthkan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas udara pada area spesifik. Propinsi Jambi hanya memiliki tiga stasiun pengukuran kualitas udara, dan satu diantaranya tidak aktif. Informasi polusi PM10 yang didapatkan dari kedua stasiun lainnya hanya tersedia di situs Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup dan data diakumulasi sekali tiap hari. Batasan-batasan tersebut merupakan latar belakang dari penelitian ini untuk merancang alat pengukur PM10 yang portabel, mudah digunakan, rendah biaya, dan simultan. Sensor debu GP2Y1010AU0F digunakan sebagai penghitung PM10 dengan metode optik dan frekuensi 280ms. Data keluaran dari sensor diproses oleh mikrokontroler menggunakan formula kalibrasi yang disediakan oleh pabrik sensor tersebut. Informasi konsentrasi PM10 ditampilkan di layar LCD dan disimpan dalam mikroSD. Uji performa dilaksanakan di Mendalo, Universitas Jambi pada 7 Maret (16.00-18.00), 8 Maret (12.00-14.00), dan 11 Maret 2017 (08.00-10.00). Hasil masing-masing pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi PM10 adalah 145.6 μg/m3, 149.5 μg/m3, dan 157.7 μg/m3. Merujuk pada PP No. 41 (1990), hasil yang didapatkan pada tanggal 11 Maret 2017 melebihi standar kualitas partikulat (150 μg/m3). Alat ini berpotensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai instrumen monitoring kualitas udara.
The DEW Line and Canada’s Arctic Waste: Legacy and Futurity
Authors: Hird Myra
Published: November 2018

During the Cold War, the United States and Canada embarked on an ambitious military construction project in the Arctic to protect North America from a northern Soviet attack. Comprised of sixty-three stations stretching across Alaska, Canada’s Arctic, Greenland, and Iceland, the Distant Early Warning (DEW) Line constitutes both the largest military exercise and waste remediation project in Canadian Arctic history. Despite the massive cleanup operation undertaken, the DEW Line’s waste legacy endures as a prominent and deeply rooted feature of Canada’s Arctic history. Drawing upon a rich historical, anthropological, military, political science, and environmental studies literature, this article explores waste as a key issue in the shifting narratives concerned with the modernization of the Canadian Arctic. While the DEW Line has been extensively analyzed in terms of its effects on the modernization of the Arctic, this article seeks to link Canadian sovereignty, security, resource exploitation, environmental stewardship, and Inuit self-determination directly to waste issues. As industrial activity and military exercises stand to significantly increase in the Arctic, I want to draw attention to the lessons of the DEW Line; that ”develop now; remediate later” incurs steep human health, environmental, financial, and political costs.
Reliability of different three-dimensional cephalometric landmarks in cone-beam computed tomography: A systematic review
Authors: Sam Alycia , Currie Kris , Oh Heesoo , Flores-Mir Carlos , Lagravére-Vich Manuel
Published: November 2018

Objectives:

Conventional two-dimensional (2D) cephalometric radiography is an integral part of orthodontic patient diagnosis and treatment planning. One must be mindful of its limitations as it indeed is a 2D representation of a vaster three-dimensional (3D) object. Issues with projection errors, landmark identification, and measurement inaccuracies impose significant limitations, which may now be overcome with the advent of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). A systematic review of the reliability of different 3D cephalometric landmarks in CBCT imaging was conducted.

Materials and Methods:

Electronic database searches were administered until October 2017 using PubMed, MEDLINE via OvidSP, EBMR and EMBASE via OvidSP, Scopus, and Web of Science. Google Scholar was used as an adjunctive search tool.

Results:

Thirteen articles considering CBCT scans of human subjects from preexisting data sets were selected and reviewed. Most of the studies had methodological limitations and were of moderate quality. Because of their heterogeneity, key data from each could not be combined and were reported qualitatively. Overall, in 3D, midsagittal plane landmarks demonstrated greater reliability compared with bilateral landmarks. A minimum number of dental landmarks were reported, although most were recommended for use.

Conclusions:

Further research is required to evaluate the reliability of 3D cephalometric landmarks when evaluating 3D craniofacial complexes.
Lessons Learned: It Takes a Village to Understand Inter-Sectoral Care Using Administrative Data across Jurisdictions
Authors: Groome Patti Ann , McBride Mary L , Jiang Li , Kendell Cynthia , Decker Kathleen M , Grunfeld Eva , Krzyzanowska Monika K , Winget Marcy
Published: November 2018

Cancer care is complex and exists within the broader healthcare system. The CanIMPACT team sought to enhance primary cancer care capacity and improve integration between primary and cancer specialist care, focusing on breast cancer. In Canada, all medically-necessary healthcare is publicly funded but overseen at the provincial/territorial level. The CanIMPACT Administrative Health Data Group’s (AHDG) role was to describe inter-sectoral care across five Canadian provinces: British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario and Nova Scotia.

This paper describes the process used and challenges faced in creating four parallel administrative health datasets. We present the content of those datasets and population characteristics. We provide guidance for future research based on ‘lessons learned’.

The AHDG conducted population-based comparisons of care for breast cancer patients diagnosed from 2007-2011. We created parallel provincial datasets using knowledge from data inventories, our previous work, and ongoing bi-weekly conference calls. Common dataset creation plans (DCPs) ensured data comparability and documentation of data differences. In general, the process had to be flexible and iterative as our understanding of the data and needs of the broader team evolved.

Inter-sectoral data inconsistencies that we had to address occurred due to differences in: 1) healthcare systems, 2) data sources, 3) data elements and 4) variable definitions. Our parallel provincial datasets describe the breast cancer diagnostic, treatment and survivorship phases and address ten research objectives. Breast cancer patient demographics reflect inter-provincial general population differences. Across provinces, disease characteristics are similar but underlying health status and use of healthcare services differ.

Describing healthcare across Canadian jurisdictions assesses whether our provincial healthcare systems are delivering similar high quality, timely, accessible care to all of our citizens. We have provided a description of our experience in trying to achieve this goal and include a list of ‘lessons learned’ and a study process checklist for future use.

Key FindingsThe conduct of inter-sectoral research using linked administrative health data requires a committedteam that is adequately resourced and has a set of clear, feasible objectives at the start.

Guiding principles include: maximization of sectoral participation by including single-jurisdictionexpertise and making the most inclusive data decisions; use of living documents that track all datadecisions and careful consideration about data quality and availability differences.

Inter-sectoral research requires a good understanding of the local healthcare system and othercontextual issues for appropriate interpretation of observed differences.
Understanding the Information Architecture for Civic Innovation, Research, and Evaluation
Authors: Harris Natalie Evans , Nelson Amy Hawn
Published: November 2018

Efforts to collect, manage, transform, and integrate data across administrative systems into actionable knowledge to inform better policy decisions are becoming more common. However, the technical processes, procedures, and infrastructure they employ vary substantially. Variety in approaching data infrastructure, transfer, linking, and security is expected in this emerging field, but both established and developing efforts would benefit from cohesive guidance regarding the technical considerations of data integration, with focus on presenting a range of options that can be weighted based on context specific restrictions (e.g. cost, staffing, or existing infrastructure).

Actionable Intelligence for Social Policy (AISP), MetroLab Network, and the National Neighborhood Indicators Partnership (NNIP) with support from the Annie E. Casey Foundation, are convening a working group to shape and develop guidance on information architecture and technical approaches for data integration efforts such as those in the AISP and NNIP networks and the AISP Learning Community. This guidance will help newly emerging efforts as well as established ones looking to update their current approach. It will also inform policymakers and researchers who need a primer to better understand the technical components and considerations at play for data sharing and integration. This presentation will present findings, best practices and recommendations from this brief that will be released in Fall 2018.
A Steady States Data Flow Model to Support Administrative Data Sourcing
Authors: Sweeney Kevin J
Published: November 2018

Administrative data represents the future sourcing status quo for government social sector agencies, increasingly replacing more expensive, labour-intensive and less timely survey collection.

But an administrative data model brings challenges, based in the inescapable fact that such data has been collected by a different organisation, for a different purpose.  The resultant cost to unpack undesirable qualities in the data can be significant and absorb inordinate levels of energy better spent deriving actionable insights.  If the administrative data is integrated with other data, these costs are multiplied.

New Zealand’ national statistical agency has developed a new style of data governance framework that includes a steady state model (SSM) for mapping data flow. As innovation, the SSM offers an effective way to articulate administrative data issues, supporting improved supplier-user coordination.  As such it can potentially reduce data handling costs, bolstering the value proposition for administrative data generally.

By providing a means of reflecting user organisation data lifecycle perspectives within the supplier’ business process environment, the SSM opens an engagement channel that bridges what can otherwise represent insurmountable communication barriers. And since both user and supplier are able to maintain their native frame of reference, the resulting engagement fosters collaboration while facilitating what is more likely to represent a mutually amenable outcome.
Our Economy is Evolving: Shouldn't the Way We Measure It Evolve Too?
Authors: Ward Marvin , Kim Bryan , Relihan Lindsay , Duguid James
Published: November 2018

The Local Consumer Commerce Index is a measure of local economic activity parsed by a variety of consumer and merchant characteristics. By leveraging an administrative database of over 24 billion debit and credit card transactions made by over 64 million de-identified customers, this index from the JPMorgan Chase Institute addresses the lack of data series with sufficient spatiotemporal and demo/firmographic resolution to support tactical decision making in local economies.

Each transaction carries the age and income of the consumer, the merchant size and type of product it sells, as well as the zip code of both.  Using these characteristics we construct a measure of year-over-year spending growth by consumers at merchants located in 14 major metropolitan areas in the US. The index data are screened and weighted to represent population-wide spending levels. This unique lens on local economies is freely provided to the public in accordance with the Institute’s mission of advancing the public good.

We have also extended this data asset beyond its use for reporting and economic monitoring. One extension has been our research that measures intra-city demand.  By measuring the distance between where consumers live and the merchants at which they shop, we have lent nuance and granularity to policy discussions surrounding intra-city inequities in economic vitality.

We hope to socialize the power of leveraging administrative data for the public good, in hopes that other administrative data-owners are encouraged to also furnish analyses based on their administrative data to help inform the public policy process.
Linking Survey and Administrative Data to Measure Income, Inequality, and Mobility
Authors: Medalia Carla , Meyer Bruce , O'Hara Amy , Wu Derek
Published: November 2018

Income is one of the most important measures of well-being, but it is notoriously difficult to measure accurately. Income data are available from surveys, tax records, and government programs, but each of these sources has important strengths and major limitations when used alone. We are linking multiple data sources to develop the Comprehensive Income Dataset (CID), a restricted micro-level dataset that combines the demographic detail of survey data with the accuracy of administrative measures. By incorporating information on nearly all taxable income, tax credits, and cash and in-kind government transfers, the CID surpasses previous efforts to provide an accurate and comprehensive measure of income for the population of U.S. individuals, families, and households. We use models to evaluate differences across the data sources and explore imputation methods and trends over time. The CID can enhance Census Bureau surveys and statistics through investigating measurement error, improving imputation methods, and augmenting surveys with the best possible estimates of income. It can also be used to improve the administration of taxes by the Internal Revenue Service and forecast and simulate changes in programs and taxes. Finally, the CID has substantial advantages over other sources to analyze numerous research topics, including poverty, inequality, mobility, and the distributional consequences of government transfers and taxes.
An assessment of using frequency weights for record linkage
Authors: Roemer Marc , Campbell Scott
Published: November 2018

Many different techniques can be used to perform entity-to-entity record linkage.  The optimal approach may relate to the entity type, such as individual or establishment, and source, such as sample survey, enumeration, program administration, or register.  Within the Fellegi-Sunter record linkage framework, the frequency of occurrence of match variables’ values can be either employed or ignored when estimating the probabilities from which the match weights are derived.  Namely, the U-probability that a variable agrees in a pair of non-matched records, is estimated for each value of a match variable in the frequency-based approach, or in general in the non-frequency-based approach.  The aim of this talk is to compare the quality of results produced by the frequency-based and non-frequency-based approaches when linking a household survey and an establishment survey to vital records.  A household survey, the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and an establishment survey, the National Hospital Care Survey (NHCS) are each linked to the National Death Index (NDI) using the Fellegi-Sunter record linkage framework.  We perform the linkage on each survey twice; first, employing frequency-based weights for all match variables, and second, simple agree/disagree weights for all match variables.  We then examine any differences in quality within each survey, and assess whether any differences in the quality of the two approaches are attributable to the type of survey, household versus establishment.
Long-Term Effects from Early Exposure to Research: Evidence from the NIH "Yellow Berets"
Authors: Azoulay Pierre , Greenblatt Wesley , Heggeness Misty L
Published: November 2018

In the late 1960s, the federal government was looking for young, healthy men to enlist in the military to help ensure success in the Vietnam War. Not enough men were voluntarily choosing to enlist. In 1969, the federal government implemented a lottery draft. Recruiters traveled the U.S. encouraging enlistment and explaining the draft requirements. They made visits to medical schools explaining options to newly minted MDs. Those options included: (1) be drafted and (possibly) go to war or (2) enlist in the Public Health Service (PHS) using the skills learned in their medical profession in the U.S. The PHS included an option to travel to Bethesda, Maryland and enlist as a Training Associate (TA) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to work in one of the scientific intramural labs on campus and receive training by some of the top medical research scientists in the nation.

For this study, we searched the National Archives for the physical paper applications of those individuals who applied to the NIH Intramural Training Associates program before, during, and after the lottery draft. We digitalized their applications, combed public documents in search of up-to-date career information, and linked them to their publications and patents to-date. We created a rich linked dataset of administrative records from which we examine the impact of early career, high intensity research training on the probability of staying in research and the overall impact on advancing science. This paper describes our results evaluating the impact of this federal program.
Using Integrated Data to Design and Support Pay For Success Interventions
Authors: Coulton Claudia , Atwell Meghan Salas , Richter Francisca , Anthony Elizabeth
Published: November 2018

Pay for Success (PFS) interventions are increasingly being implemented in the U.S. and worldwide to assess social programs under a risk-sharing financial agreement between the public and private sectors. They seek to mitigate risk for the public sector and promote wider experimentation of programs to improve social outcomes.  PFS contracts encourage coordination and alignment of goals, outcomes, and metrics across all agents involved - government, service providers, service recipients, funders and investors. Accordingly, these interventions rely heavily on access to high quality data and analysis, making integrated data systems (IDS) valuable assets to support the design, implementation, and evaluation phases of these projects. 

 The ChildHood Integrated Longitudinal Data (CHILD) System, one of the most comprehensive county-level IDS in the nation, has been used to support and inform two Pay for Success projects in Cuyahoga County (Cleveland). Partnering for Family Success is a county-level intervention in the areas of child welfare and housing instability, now into its fourth year of operation. While the intervention was implemented under a randomized controlled trial, analysis with CHILD proved instrumental to inform the project design and address challenges in program implementation. CHILD has also been used to study the feasibility of PFS as a model to expand high quality preschool, under a grant awarded to eight communities nationally. A case study of both initiatives will be presented, highlighting the role of integrated data in supporting and facilitating PFS design and analysis of outcomes, challenges encountered and lessons learned.
Effect of Psychotropic Medication on Foster Care Experience and Outcomes: A Causal Analysis using Administrative Data
Authors: Gwaltney Angela You
Published: November 2018

Children in foster care experienced abuse, neglect, or dependency, and for the safety and well-being of the child, must be taken out of their biological home. Not surprisingly, children in foster care have higher rates of serious emotional and behavioral problems. Although pharmacological treatments can be an important component of the treatment plan, there seems to be a higher rate of use than would be expected. An estimated 13-25% of foster children are prescribed mind- and mood-altering medication vs. 4% in the general population.

Children in foster care are considered a vulnerable population and research involving these children justifiably requires additional measures to ensure their protection. As a result, studies on the use of psychotropic medication among youth in foster care have relied primarily on secondary data‚ typically administrative data. This study used linked administrative datasets to rigorously examine the effect of psychotropic medication on foster care experiences and outcomes among children who entered foster care in North Carolina between March 2006 and June 2012. The dataset was constructed by linking the North Carolina’s child welfare administrative records (also known as the Services Information System [SIS]) with the Medicaid claims database (also known as the Eligibility Information System [EIS]) for medical and mental health services received by the foster youth. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was calculated and applied to mimic a randomized study. Results revealed that children on medication stayed in care longer, less likely to experience placement disruption, and more likely to exit to adoption.
Developing a spatial risk prediction model for child maltreatment
Authors: Steif Ken , Harris Matthew , Daley Dyann
Published: November 2018

While predicting child maltreatment risk at the household level is useful for allocating limited child welfare resources, significant privacy, data integration, data governance and legal hurdles make such an algorithm economically and politically difficult to put into production. In this project, we take a different approach to child maltreatment risk prediction, developing machine learning models that predict, not for a household but for a small spatial areal unit, such as the block. The only private health data required for this use case are geocoded maltreatment events. We present the results of a machine learning analysis in Richmond Virginia, including exploratory analysis, feature engineering, model development and validation. We then interpret our models in a resource allocation context.
Stretching a Buck: Using Administrative Data to Inform Continuous Quality Improvement
Authors: Asrar Sadaf
Published: November 2018

While the nFORM administrative data system is used to collect operations and performance data from HHS funded Healthy Marriage and Responsible Fatherhood (HMRF) grantees to evaluate program performance using top line measures like enrollment and attendance of workshops, the rich data collected through the system provides an unparalleled window into the workings of the HMRF programs and the population they serve. This paper describes how raw data exported from the nFORM system have been used to develop econometric models to understand the relationship of demographic and socio-economic characteristics on program enrollment and attendance, the effectiveness of incentives and behavioral nudges on program participation, as well as changes in behaviors and attitudes due to the intervention. Moreover, the paper discusses how patterns revealed through mining the raw nFORM data combined with other administrative data has provided insights into deficiencies in outreach and recruitment efforts, and highlights how the relative effectiveness of steps taken to remedy the deficiencies can also be tracked using the data. Lastly, the paper presents recommendations and best practices in using nFORM and other similar administrative data to inform continuous quality improvement of HMRF programs without stretching the budget.
Leveraging U.S. Army Administrative Data for Individual and Team Performance
Authors: Goldstein Joshua , Lancaster Vicki , Ratcliff Nathaniel J , Thurston Joel A
Published: November 2018

The Army possesses vast amounts of administrative (archival) data about Soldiers. These data sources include screening tests, personnel action codes, training scores, global assessments,  physical fitness scores, and more. However, the Army has yet to integrate these data to create a holistic operating picture. Our research focuses on repurposing Army administrative data to (1) operationalize social constructs of interest to the Army (e.g., Army Values, Warrior Ethos) and (2) model the predictive relationship between these constructs and individual (i.e., Soldier) and team (i.e., unit) performance and readiness. The goal of the project is to provide people analytics models to Army leadership for the purposes of optimizing human capital management decisions.

Our talk will describe the theoretical underpinnings of our human performance model, drawing on disciplines such as social and industrial/organizational psychology, as well as our experience gaining access to and working with Army administrative data sources. Access to the archival administrative data is provided through the Army Analytics Group (AAG), Person-event Data Environment (PDE). The PDE is a business intelligence platform that has two central functions: (1) to provide a secure repository for data sources on U.S. military personnel; and (2) to provide a secure collaborative work environment where researchers can access unclassified but sensitive military data.