bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Divergences in the management of asthma attacks in children in the emergency department
Authors: Pérez Suárez Esther , Paniagua Calzón Natalia , Claret Teruel Gemma , Soriano Arola Marta , Bustamante Hernández Sandra
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN. Las exacerbaciones asmáticas suponen la urgencia médica más frecuente en los servicios de urgencias pediátricos. El tratamiento de las crisis asmáticas en los niños se basa en recomendaciones de guías internacionales. Sobre algunos aspectos del tratamiento no existe consenso por falta de evidencia. El objtivo de este trabajo es conocer las prácticas utilizadas en el manejo de las exacerbaciones asmáticas en las urgencias pediátricas españolas e identificar las divergencias. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Se diseñó una encuesta de 20 preguntas sobre el manejo de la exacerbación asmática en niños y se difundió a los miembros de Sociedad Española de Urgencias Pediátricas. Los resultados se compararon con los obtenidos en una encuesta del mismo grupo realizada en 2012. RESULTADOS. Se obtuvieron 269 respuestas de 72 hospitales y 16 Comunidades Autónomas. Más del 90% de los encuestados utilizaba el Pulmonary Score (PS) para la evaluación inicial. En las crisis leves y moderadas la administración de broncodilatadores con inhalador de dosis múltiple (MDI) se ha vuelto una práctica generalizada (95% de encuestados), así como tener cámaras propias en los servicios de urgencias (99,3%). En las crisis graves un 52% administraba los broncodilatadores nebulizados. Para el cálculo del número de pulsaciones a administrar en cada dosis de salbutamol la regla más utilizada fue el peso/3 (69%). El bromuro de ipratropio se usaba con pautas muy heterogéneas. El corticoide oral más utilizado es la prednisolona oral (68,5%) seguido de la dexametosona (30%). El tratamiento de segunda línea más utilizado en urgencias fue el sulfato de magnesio (91,8%) seguido por la oxigenoterapia de alto flujo (58,7%). Comparando los resultados con la encuesta de 2012 aumentaron de forma significativa el uso del PS (43% vs 91,1%, p < 0,01), el uso de MDI para la administración de broncodilatadores en las crisis moderadas (40,7% vs 95,2%, p = 0,02) y graves (2,7% vs 48%, p < 0,01) y el uso de sulfato de magnesio en urgencias (12% vs 91%), p < 0,01. CONCLUSIONES. En el tratamiento de las exacerbaciones asmáticas en urgencias en niños existen divergencias en las dosis y forma de administración de broncodilatadores, el corticoide oral utilizado, el tratamiento de segunda línea y el tratamiento pautado al alta a domicilio.
Using Archaic Words as Terminology
Authors: Khuuduu Gendenpil
Published: May 2024

The article deals with the possibility of creating terms with archaic words based on the corpus which the Sector of Applied Linguistics, the Institute of Language and Literature, Mongolian Academy of Sciences in collaboration with National Council for Language Policy created from 85 standards of the database of the Mongolian Agency for Standard Metrology. The corpus includes 10421 terms. Archaic words of a language are included in the resource of the passive vocabulary. However, it is important to use them for term formation by semantic transfer and terminologization. The author tries to suggest own proposal on how to use archaic words as terms in terminology standards.
Хуучин үгийг нэр томьёоны үүргээр хэрэглэх нь(Монгол Улсын стандартчилсан нэр томьёоны хүрээнд)
Хураангуй: Энэхүү өгүүлэлд монгол хэлний үгийн сангийн найрлага бүрэлдэхүүнд хамаарах хуучин үгээр нэр томьёо хэрхэн оноох тухай ШУА-ийн Хэл зохиолын хүрээлэнгийн Хэрэглээний хэл шинжлэлийн салбар, Хэлний бодлогын үндэсний зөвлөлийн Ажлын албатай хамтран бүрдүүлсэн 85 стандартын 10421 нэр томьёо, тодорхойлолт бүхий хөмрөгийн хүрээнд авч үзэв. Хэлний хуучин үг нь идэвхгүй үгийн сангийн нөөцөд багтах боловч түүнийг үндсэн утгаар, аль эсвэл утга шилжүүлэн, нэр томьёоны үүргээр хэрэглэх нь харь гаралтай нэр томьёог уугуул үгээр оноох, хуучин үгийг сэргээн хэрэглэх зэрэг ач холбогдолтой юм. Нэр томьёоны стандартчилал гэдэг нь нэр томьёог тусгай стандартад нийцүүлэн батлах үйл явц юм. Иймд нэр томьёоны ухагдахуун, нэрлэлтийг жигдлэх тухайд стандартчилсан нэр томьёоны хүрээнд тайлбарлав.Түлхүүр үг: нэр томьёоны стандартчилал, нэр томьёоны стандарт, нэр томьёо, хуучин үг, ухагдахуун, нэрлэлт
Acoustic Study on the Pronunciation of Vowel Sounds in Spanish, Italian, and French Languages by Mongolian Learner
Authors: Sangidkhorloo Bulgantamir , Bazarjav Purevsuren , Ganzorig Bat-Uchral , Lkhagvasuren Oyu-Erdene
Published: May 2024

This article presents the results of the experimental phonetic study on the pronunciation of vowel sounds in Spanish, Italian and French languages of Mongolian students from the A1 level program at the National University of Mongolia. The study responded to the researchers’ concern to find out which the pronunciation of the vowel sounds of the tree foreign languages by Mongolian students was measured and analyzed using the Praat program. The results of the quantitative research were compared with the standard pronunciation parameters of the native speakers of the respective languages. The results of the study show that the phonetic characteristics of the learner’s mother tongue influence the way of pronunciation of a foreign language. The study shows that practice focused on the phonetic characteristics of the foreign language needed, taking into account the language learning habits and the characteristics of the student’s articulation activities in order to obtain the correct way of pronunciation of sounds of foreign languages. Therefore, it is important not to neglect phonetic content in the teaching methods and materials, and there is a need to increase phonetics and pronunciation exercises in seminars and practice classes.
Монгол суралцагчдын испани, итали, франц хэлний эгшиг авианы дуудлагын туршилт судалгаа
Хураангуй: МУИС-ийн гадаад хэлний хөтөлбөрийн испани, итали, франц хэлийг А1 түвшинд сурч буй 60 монгол суралцагчийн эгшиг авианы дуудлагын туршилт авиа зүйн судалгааны үр дүнг энэ өгүүлэлд тусгав. Монгол суралцагч гадаад хэлний авиаг хэрхэн дуудаж байгааг Праат программ ашиглан тодорхойлж, тоон судалгааны үр дүнг эх хэлтний жишиг дуудлагын үзүүлэлттэй харьцуулж, дүн шинжилгээ хийв. Судалгааны үр дүн эх хэлтний жишиг дуудлагын үзүүлэлтээс зөрүүтэй байгаа нь суралцагчдын төрөлх хэлний авианы өгүүлүүрийн онцлог гадаад хэлээр зөв дуудахад нөлөөлдөг нь батлагдсан. Судалгааны үр дүн гадаад хэлний зөв дуудлагыг хэвшүүлэхийн тулд авиа зүйн онцлог шинж, тухайн суралцагчийн хэл сурах дадал, өгүүлүүрийн онцлогийг харгалзан нэмэлт дадлага хийлгэх хэрэгцээ байгааг харуулж байна. Тиймээс гадаад хэл сурах, сургах арга зүй, сургалтын хэрэглэгдэхүүнд авиа зүйн агуулгыг орхигдуулахгүй байх нь чухал бөгөөд семинар, дадлагын хичээлээр хийх авиа, дуудлагын дасгалыг нэмэгдүүлэх шаардлагатай байна.
Түлхүүр үг: авиа зүй, туршилтын арга, дуудлага, эгшиг авиа, монгол, испани, итали, франц.
Atenção à saúde de mulheres em comunidades ribeirinhas: estudo de revisão
Authors: Cerqueira Patrícia Maria Barbosa Cintra , Oliveira Silvia Ximenes , Oliveira Tamires Santos de , Souza Renata Figueiredo Ramalho Costa de , Meneses Uberlândia Islândia Barbosa Dantas de , Sales Julyana dos Reis Borges , Ayres Janine Martins Cavalcanti
Published: May 2024

Introdução: Quando buscamos sobre a atenção à saúde das mulheres ribeirinhas, é notório a vasta produção científica direcionada à saúde reprodutiva. Com isso, entende-se que é essencial discutir sobre as ações existentes e as melhorias que possam ser formuladas e direcionadas à essa população.   Objetivo: avaliar a atenção a saúde de mulheres ribeirinhas. Metodologia: Pesquisa de revisão integrativa da literatura, guiada pelas seguintes etapas: construção da questão de pesquisa; delimitação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão; escolha das bases de dados; busca e seleção dos estudos; análise e exposição dos resultados. Resultados e Discussão: Foram identificados 650 estudos, depois da aplicação do critério de inclusão do idioma, permanecendo os 120 estudos, e em seguida a leitura dos títulos, nos quais foram excluídos 530 artigos, por não estarem relacionados ao objetivo deste artigo. Houve a leitura dos resumos dos 120 artigos selecionados a partir da análise dos títulos e somente aqueles dentro dos critérios de inclusão tiveram os resumos investigados. Sendo selecionados 9 artigos para compor a pesquisa. Conclusão: Percebeu-se, portanto, a necessidade de melhor compreender como ocorre a atenção a saúde dessas mulheres, e como esse se manifesta em suas práticas cotidianas, de modo a dar maior visibilidade a sua identidade cultural e social.
Compostagem como ferramenta de educação ambiental em escolas públicas de Imperatriz-MA
Authors: Roma Bruna Rafaela da Silva , Silva Ana Leide Costa , Santos Raimundo Rodrigues dos , Oliveira Aline Ribeiro Duarte , Viana Jonatha dos Santos , Nascimento Ivaneide de Oliveira , Bahia Annie Francielly Silva , Sousa Thatyane Pereira de
Published: May 2024

Atualmente frente aos desafios ambientais cada vez mais prementes, emerge a necessidade de disseminar um conjunto de conhecimentos científicos relevantes, tanto para a comunidade em geral quanto para o ambiente escolar. Dentre esses conhecimentos, destacam-se as técnicas destinadas a valorização de resíduos sólidos, especificamente aqueles que podem ser compostados. No âmbito desta temática, a educação ambiental busca métodos que alcancem transformações no pensamento e nas atitudes dos alunos, a fim de engajá-los em um compromisso de construção de um ambiente equilibrado, caracterizado pela harmonia entres os seres humanos, seu entorno e toda forma de vida. O trabalho desenvolvido teve como objetivo utilizar os resíduos sólidos produzidos nas próprias escolas como ferramenta de educação ambiental e conscientização dos alunos quanto aos conceitos e valores agroecológicos. A metodologia do trabalho foi quali-quantitativa e envolveu análise exploratória, estudo da geração de resíduos nas escolas, aplicação de questionários, realização de palestras, oficinas, construção de composteiras e elaboração de uma cartilha educativa. As práticas agroecológicas conduzidas na escola resultaram no bom esclarecimento dos benefícios ambientais da compostagem para o meio ambiente, tendo em vista que 80% dos alunos que participaram da pesquisa pré-teste não tinham conhecimento do que era a compostagem e práticas sustentáveis, e ao comparar com o questionário pós-teste 100% dos alunos indicaram ter compreendido os temas abordados. Esses resultados reforçam a eficácia do projeto de extensão na promoção do entendimento dos discentes visando uma participação mais ativa na promoção de práticas ecologicamente responsáveis.
Impactos causados pela amputação de membros na vida de pacientes com diabetes: revisão integrativa
Authors: Silva Francisca Vanessa da , Mateus Rebecca Palhano Almeida , Róseo Fabianne Ferreira Costa , Galvão Júnior José Rodrigues , Batista João Victor de Amorim , Santos Sabrina Silva dos , Matos Idaclece Rodrigues de , Maia Josy Viana
Published: May 2024

O diabetes mellitus é uma doença crônica que pode levar a amputações não traumáticas. Ser diabético e amputado afeta todos os aspectos da vida, no âmbito social, econômico, psicológico e familiar. Assim, objetivou-se analisar utilizando-se da literatura científica atual as mudanças causadas pelo impacto da amputação em pacientes com               diabetes. Revisão integrativa da literatura desenvolvida com a utilização do agregador de bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, onde pesquisou-se na Lilacs, SciELO, Sistema Online de Busca, MEDLINE e IBECS. Para subsidiar nas buscas utilizaram-se os descritores: “diabetes mellitus”, “amputados”, “complicações do diabetes” e “qualidade de vida” Após busca minuciosa, selecioaram-se seis artigos. Verificou-se que os pacientes tem pouco conhecimento sobre o assunto, uma vez que as publicações evidenciaram que o portador de diabetes que passa por amputação vivencia várias emoções e sensações, que acabam desestruturando sua vida, pela falta do acolhimento  necessário. A amputação de membros pode deixar a pessoa fragilizada e emocionalmente instável, além de poder sentir dor no membro amputado, conhecida como dor fantasma. Considera-se a relevância da atuação dos enfermeiros nesse campo, acolhendo e cuidando do paciente haja vista que os estudos mostram o quanto a qualidade de vida  pode ser reduzida em diabéticos, especialmente nas grandes amputações. A perda de uma parte do corpo pode afetar a autoestima, a mobilidade e a capacidade de realizar atividades diárias, trabalho e lazer. No entanto, é importante destacar que essas pessoas podem ter qualidade de vida ao superar limitações e encontrar equilíbrio entre mente, corpo e espírito.
Rheology and physical properties of sonicated chickpea concentrate with fructans in aqueous media and stable emulsions
Authors: Martinez-Padilla Laura Patricia , Sosa-Herrera Maria Guadalupe , Rocandio-Pineda Maritza , Jimenez-Monroy Brandon
Published: May 2024

Based on the rheological and other physical properties of chickpea concentrate (CPC)/fructan aqueous mixtures containing 0.2% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and their respective emulsions, the macrostructure of the system was elucidated, and its effect on the stability of the proposed emulsions was evaluated. The zeta potential and particle size of the CPC dispersions subjected to ultrasonic treatment were analyzed. Neither agave (AGF) nor chicory fructans (CHF) affected the rheological behavior (Newtonian) of aqueous systems containing only CPC. A Carreau behavior was observed when CMC was added. A synergistic effect occurred when 6% CHF was mixed with CMC. Furthermore, CHF led to a higher overall viscosity than AGF in the systems studied. Fructans changed the total charge of the protein dispersion and increased the particle size. The viscoelastic properties confirmed the liquid-like behavior of the aqueous mixtures. Emulsions containing CPC/CMC mixtures and fructans exhibited thixotropic behavior; emulsions containing 30% oil followed the Carreau model, while emulsions containing 60% oil were fitted to the Hershel-Bulkley model for upward and downward shear rate curves. The latter behavior corresponded to the formation of a weak gel structure and a flocculated oil droplet network, as confirmed by the mechanical spectra. The droplet size in the emulsions decreased in the presence of fructans, particularly for 3% CHF and 6% AGF. However, 6% CHF led to the formation of the most kinetically stable emulsions. These results confirm the possibility of incorporating CPC and fructans as oil-in-water emulsions stabilized with CMC into healthy plant-based products.
Estrategias neurodidácticas en la enseñanza de ecuaciones lineales en estudiantes de octavo año
Authors: Lara-Andino Aquilino Ramiro , Reinoso-Pinargote Nora Patricia , Reyes-Romero Fernando Patricio
Published: May 2024

Las estrategias neuro didáctica ha dado forma significativa a la educación moderna e influido positivamente en los enfoques actuales de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje al proporcionar métodos de enseñanza más integrales, individualizados y eficientes. El objetivo del estudio es implementar estrategias neuro didácticas en la enseñanza de las ecuaciones lineales en los estudiantes de octavo año, durante el año escolar 2023, en la Unidad Educativa San Pedro de Valle Hermoso. En el aspecto metodológico se basa un enfoque hipotético-deductivo, siguiendo un enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, nivel de explicación y comparación hipotética entre la teoría formal y la evidencia empírica de los efectos propuestos. La población es de 64 y la muestra de 27 estudiantes. Los instrumentos de recolección de datos estuvieron conformados por dos cuestionarios, uno para las estrategias neuro didácticas y el otro para la enseñanza de las ecuaciones lineales, ambos predeterminadas con evidencias de validez y confiabilidad de 0,80 y 0,90 respectivamente por medio del coeficiente de Alfa de Cronbach. Los resultados evidencian según el modelo que existe influencia en la implementación de las estrategias neuro didácticas en la enseñanza de las ecuaciones lineales en los estudiantes de octavo año, siendo significativamente explicativo según el p valor (p = 0,000 < 0,05), con una la variabilidad de la enseñanza de las ecuaciones lineales del 97 % de las estrategias neuro didácticas.
PADRÕES ESPACIAIS DA MORTALIDADE MATERNA POR ABORTAMENTO NO BRASIL (2014-2023)
Authors: Assis Brenda Rodrigues de , Santos Camylla Lima Dias dos , Barros Samir Sousa , Lages Danilo Nunes
Published: May 2024

Objetivo: analisar os padrões de distribuição espacial dos óbitos maternos relacionados ao abortamento no Brasil, no período de 2013 a 2022. Métodos: estudo ecológico realizado com base nos registros de mortalidade materna por abortamento no Brasil de 2013 a 2022 obtidos no Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade e no Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos, compilados no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. Resultados: a distribuição da mortalidade materna por abortamento no território nacional, no período analisado, variou de 0 a 377,4 óbitos/100 mil nascidos-vivos. Destacaram-se os estados da região Norte, com municípios do Pará, Amazonas, Roraima e Amapá apresentando até 2,51 vezes mais risco de mortalidade comprado às demais cidades do país. No Nordeste e no Centro-Oeste, houve variação de 2,7 a 28,9 óbitos/100 mil nascidos-vivos, enquanto os menores índices se concentraram na maioria dos estados das regiões Sul e Sudeste. Conclusão: os padrões espaciais da mortalidade materna por abortamento refletem as disparidades regionais e interestaduais de acesso das gestantes aos serviços de saúde, especializados ou não, ainda presentes no país. Entretanto, apesar da clara definição da preponderância dos óbitos na região Norte, os dados fornecidos pelos indicadores são subestimados dada a notificação deficitária das mortes de causa materna no Brasil, como foi observado em Tocantins.
POLUENTES EMERGENTES NO RIO PARAÍBA DO SUL: UMA ANÁLISE BIBLIOMÉTRICA, 2005-2023
Authors: Barreto Giovanna Silvestre Madureira , Elias Monica Maciel , Correia Vitor Guimarães
Published: May 2024

A água é imprescindível à sobrevivência humana, faz parte das necessidades fisiológicas e apresenta múltiplos usos na sociedade moderna, tornando-se um direito fundamental dos cidadãos e das gerações futuras. A bacia hidrográfica do Rio Paraíba do Sul (RPS) é utilizada para o abastecimento de empresas, indústrias e fazendas localizadas ao longo de sua extensão, além de ser consumida pela população de parte da região sudeste brasileira. A pesquisa foi realizada na base de dados Scopus utilizando as palavras “Paraiba do Sul” and “river” e, posteriormente "Pollutant" or "Pollution" or "Impact", entre 2005 e 2023. O documento foi avaliado nos softwares bibliometrix, biblioshiny e R. As 213 publicações resultantes passaram por análise bibliométrica, sendo avaliados: modalidade de pesquisa e palavras-chave, autores, instituições de pesquisa, impactos ambientais e poluentes analisados. Esse ecossistema vem sofrendo um aumento progressivo no uso múltiplo dos recursos, usado na agricultura, na diluição de efluentes domésticos e industriais, no abastecimento público e para barramento. Atividades essas que culminaram na observação de inúmeros impactos, como desmatamento, dispersão de poluentes químicos, erosão, redução do escoamento superficial, redução da vazão, elevação da salinidade na foz e redução da abundância de espécies. Foram observadas pesquisas avaliando metais pesados (chumbo, mercúrio, cádmio, arsênio, manganês e ferro) e poluentes orgânicos emergentes (glifosato, estradiol e microplásticos). O crescimento no número de publicações sobre a poluição desse ambiente reforça a preocupação da comunidade acadêmica com a saúde da RPS, sendo notória a necessidade de ações governamentais de monitoramento e fiscalização, criação de ETEs a fim de aprimorar o monitoramento e impedir a dispersão de poluentes na bacia.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS STARTUP WEBSITE USING GT-METRIX WITH WATERFALL SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE METHOD
Authors: Erma Sova  , Makmun  , Siti Shifa Tasliza
Published: May 2024

Business ventures began to expand towards technology that initially used conventional sales and payment methods, then developed by young people who saw business opportunities could be simplified in an easy way but had a lot of profit. They utilize computer technology by creating ways to sell through online, namely website media as startup business people. The purpose of the study was to analyze the performance of the "bikinian ibu" website with a http://bikinanibu.lovestoblog.com/ url address. Analysis activities in the form of measuring website speed performance, testing browser timing, testing Tab Structure, Testing Tab Waterfall in diagram form, Testing Tab History, Testing website vitals, Testing Tab Speed. The method used is the Waterfall method by following the following stages: analysis, design or design, coding, testing and maintenance. Based on the results of testing the performance of the "mother-made" website in the GTMetrix section, a Performance analysis score of 93% was obtained, CLS (Cumulative Layout Shift) has not shown good results because it exceeds the maximum standard score on CLS (Cumulative Layout Shift), the structure score covers 89% with the grade A category which means it shows good results. Website loading time also shows good results, website testing looks like there are constraints in the medium and low urgency categories. On the Waterfall tab of the website in the form of waterfall chart results there are 2 404 errors, 20 requests with a total file size of 622KB and 0.96MB for uncompressed files, while the time to load the website is 1.4 seconds. From the results of the Total Page Size of the website is 624KB, while the total page request is obtained as much as 20.
Circle of Winners
Authors: Von Glahn Denise
Published: May 2024

Circle of Winners is a study of the first fifteen years of the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Music Composition Awards, 1925-1940. It examines Guggenheim family history, multiple motivations for the foundation’s creation, the original administrative personnel, philanthropic progenitors and offspring, organizing principles, network partners, the appointment of an all-powerful music advisor who made the awards, and the impact he had on six early composition fellows. Circle of Winners involves a large cast of actors including Carroll Wilson, legal counsel for the Guggenheim Brothers, Frank Aydelotte, president of Swarthmore College, Henry Allen Moe, a young Rhodes Scholar who became the face of the foundation and a principal actor in multiple aspects of the nation’s arts scene, Thomas Whitney Surette, the unlikely music advisor, and Nadia Boulanger, whose influence was felt from across the ocean for decades. It considers the resonance of close relationships with a mutually supportive network of institutions including the Conservatoire Américain, Yaddo, the Concord Summer School, the Society of Friends, the Oberlaender Trust, Black Mountain College, and Columbia University. It concludes with discussions of Aaron Copland, Roger Sessions, George Antheil, Ruth Crawford, William Grant Still, and Carlos Chávez and the ways their selection, encouragement, and promotion by the Guggenheim Foundation shaped their lives, their professional careers, and the nation’s high-art music culture before World War II and afterward.
The Winners
Authors: Von Glahn Denise
Published: May 2024

Chapter 6 focuses on six early composition fellows whose diversity apparently reflected the foundation’s mission. The experiences of Aaron Copland, Roger Sessions, George Antheil, Ruth Crawford, William Grant Still, and Carlos Chávez, whose fellowships yielded vastly different results, however, reveal the power of personal alliances and Surette’s aesthetic preferences. It explores how, when composers lay outside clear feeder systems or beyond known referees, their chances of being awarded a fellowship were significantly reduced. With no system of checks and balances, and no requirement that decisions be based on a consistent criteria, Surette alone could deny a fellowship or its renewal. His diminished health gradually lessened his influence, but not before he and the circle of winners shaped the first fifteen years of the foundation’s composition fellowships.
Concluding Thoughts
Authors: Von Glahn Denise
Published: May 2024

The Concluding Thoughts provide space to reflect on lessons learned from a study of the early years of the Guggenheim Foundation, one of the first institutional philanthropies dedicated to supporting composers. It reviews the impact of Thomas Whitney Surette as advisor, the significance of Aaron Copland in American high-art music culture, and the importance of Henry Allen Moe, who cultivated a network of associates that simultaneously enhanced his own reputation and enlarged the foundation’s sphere of influence. Readers are invited to weigh the sources of philanthropic wealth against the appeal of philanthropic support, the strides the foundation has made to achieve its mission, and the value of attention paid to any single organization in a national culture as rich and varied as that of the United States.
Gotta Come Down, Gotta Rep the Hood
Authors: Wilkins Langston Collin
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores the various ways Houston’s street-based hip hop artists, who are considered the most culturally dominant, exhibit strong territorial identification and champion local hip hop heritage. Fueled by the desire to represent place and audience expectations, these artists make very explicit overtures to the streets, neighborhoods, and the city in their lyrics and live performances. In addition to this, these artists intentionally preserve local heritage by frequently producing tributes to screw, slabs, and lean. Using ethnographic data, lyrical examination, and archival research, this chapter highlights rap artists’ efforts to build community and maintain cultural identity in Houston.
Turnin’ Headz
Authors: Wilkins Langston Collin
Published: May 2024

Chapter five explores the ways in which underground artists negotiate individual agency with local expectations. In Houston, the underground community includes artists whose personal style reflects singular artistic impulses and a decentering of local hip hop heritage. A dominant local hip hop heritage can become a hegemonic weight that suppresses idiosyncratic innovation and marginalizes seemingly oppositional musical identities. Responding to this, these underground artists maintain their unique artistic identities while making strategic lyrical and musical overtures to local hip hop heritage. In addition, the chapter uses field experiences to highlight the precarious position of underground hip hop artists in the city.
Conclusion
Authors: Wilkins Langston Collin
Published: May 2024

This chapter uses the Houston Slab Parade & Family Festival, an event organized by the author, to synthesize the book’s key arguments. The Houston Slab Parade & Family Festival was an event that took place on October 20, 2013, in Houston. The author collaborated with a local museum, an arts agency, the city government, and the slab community to host this celebration of slab and hip hop culture in Houston. Over 4,000 people from a diverse array of Houston communities showed up to witness and appreciate not only slab, but Black working-class space. Since the slab parade, slab has increased its footprint within the city’s larger cultural landscape.
Carceral Trauma at the Intersections of Race, Class, Gender, Sexuality, and Maternity
Authors: Little Cassandra D.
Published: May 2024

This chapter reflects on how reading Angela Davis, books on prison and the criminal justice system, empower and encourage me as a woman, a former licensed clinician, as well as a formerly incarcerated person. I address how incarcerating women increases trauma and disrupts the family unit. I draw upon my own experience of being incarcerated, which includes battling the Federal Criminal Justice System, while incorporating empirical data from other scholars who have researched the topic. I believe that we as citizens can bring about the necessary changes to bring healing and restoration of purpose, productivity, and passion for life.
Resisting Criminalization
Authors: Elizabeth Autumn , Coulombe D , Agnew Zarinah
Published: May 2024

This chapter considers the ways in which Alternative Justices can help transcend state systems of punishment and resist criminalization. It presents the theoretical foundations of Alternative Justices through an overview of interdisciplinary research on restorative and transformative justice and anarchist criminology grounded in longstanding BIPOC, feminist, and anti-capitalist epistemologies. The chapter then examines a case study of Alternative-Justices-based community strategies to address sexual, gender, and partner violence, and create non-carceral systems of accountability for victim/survivors, those who commit harms, and those harmed by carceral systems. Ultimately, this chapter explores the liberatory possibilities of Alternative Justices through both theory and praxis.
Bad Girls of Pinjra Tod
Authors: Kurian Alka
Published: May 2024

This chapter focuses on Pinjra Tod (Break the Hostel Locks), a contemporary feminist movement in India against sexist curfew rules in university residence halls (hostels) across the country. It discusses attempts by Krishnan, Kavita, Menon, Nivedita, Phadke Shilpa, Tiwari, Avantika, and others to explain the rise of this movement in response to the Hindu majoritarian regime’s regressive and coercive politics of caste purity. Using a global vocabulary of rights, and led by India’s millennial youth, the Pinjra Tod movement aims to disrupt Brahminical control over women’s lives across familial, communal, and institutional contexts. By centering women’s autonomy and unconditional freedom and rejecting societal infantilization of women, this rights-bearing discourse signals a shift in Indian feminism, creating the conditions for the rise of fourth-wave feminism.
“The Wound Is Still There”
Authors: Shakes Nicosia
Published: May 2024

Chapter 2 examines a 2014 performance of the Mothertongue Project’s performance installation Walk: South Africa. The performance critiques the normalization of sexual violence by representing it as a horrific phenomenon connected to wider tendencies in South Africa, including the history of apartheid and current social inequalities. Walk: South Africa resists a resolution and, in that performance, literally moved the audience to action by having them take to the streets at the end. The chapter affirms that these approaches confront the histories and contemporary realities in which women’s bodies have been punished in public by claiming that space as a site of female bodily autonomy and performance-driven social change.
An Ordinary Icon
Authors: Simon Andrew
Published: May 2024

This chapter discusses various factors that contributed to the American folksinger Pete Seeger’s (1919–2014) lifelong career as a musical and political icon. Beginning with Walt Whitman’s ideal of a working-class hero (Garman 2000), it looks at Seeger’s transformation into an icon of a politically activist “folk” musician, arguing that this change was influenced by family history, certain key individuals in Seeger’s sphere, his commitment to certain ideals, his approach to song leading, and his responses to the repression of the McCarthy era during the 1950s. Although the focus of Seeger’s music shifted over the decades from union organizing to civil rights, anti-war, and environmental issues, he was seen by his fans to embody a political idealism, musical charisma, and personal morality.
Ya Toyour
Authors: Meizel Katherine
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines the Taiwanese singer Teresa Teng (Deng Lijun, 1953–1995) within the context of Japan’s Cold War. Enormously popular in Japan and East Asia during the 1970s and 80s, Teng’s career negotiated a number of tricky Cold War tensions, including the afterlife of the Japanese empire, the Beijing/Taipei rivalry for hegemony in the region, and the emergence of new patterns of cross-regional media culture. The chapter explores ways her music and image spoke to the widespread desire among Japanese audiences for a nonaligned Japan, arguing that “multiple, often contradictory, desires could be projected” onto the singer, offering a discursive site where popular reactions to and interpretations of Teng could help Japanese audiences negotiate the nation’s post-World War II identity in Asia and globally.
Care Activism and Communities of Care
Authors: Tungohan Ethel
Published: May 2024

In the introduction, the author outlines the framework of care activism that came out of the extensive ethnographic research that she conducted between 2009 and 2021 in Canada; at the International Labour Conference meetings in Geneva, Switzerland, in 2010 and in 2011; at the International Migrants Alliance meetings in Manila, Philippines, in 2011; and in the Philippines, Hong Kong, and Singapore in 2010, 2011, and 2017. By defining care activism as the distinct ways that migrant domestic workers care for themselves, for each other, for fellow migrant care workers in their immediate circles, and for the larger, transnational community of migrant care workers, the book highlights the affective dimensions of the migrant domestic workers’ movement. The introduction also addresses the author’s methodological approach and an overview of the book.
Care Activism within Migrant Advocacy Organizations
Authors: Tungohan Ethel
Published: May 2024

Chapter 2 delves into the specific tactics and goals of key organizations, analyzing their histories, their activities, and their normative visions. It analyzes the interviews that the author undertook with leaders and members of key organizations, most of whom provided oral life histories that prompted them to get involved in organizing work. It also discusses the tactics used by different groups to get their voices heard. It draws a contrast between organizations that deliberately take a more militant approach in which marching in rallies and being vocal in condemning the Canadian government and other stakeholders are commonplace; those that see negotiating with the government in a less confrontational manner as being more effective; and those that specifically call themselves “nonpolitical” by choosing deliberately to disengage from more visible spaces of advocacy (such as marching in the streets and considering the impacts of specific policy changes). The author shows how these organizations, while prioritizing care for migrant care workers as the crux of their advocacy work, nevertheless have different definitions of what such care looks like, and this in turn shapes their organizing strategies.
Dancing with Death
Authors: Soares Kristie
Published: May 2024

This chapter traces the many lives of musician Celia Cruz’s catchphrase azúcar (literally, sugar). Cruz used the discourse of azúcar, defined here as a relentless dedication to sweetening the present moment, up until her death in 2003, and fans continued to use it after she died. The chapter follows this discourse from Cruz’s music, to her wake in Miami, to the aftermath of the 2016 Pulse nightclub massacre. It argues that azúcar came to exist as a discourse on queer racialized time that helped queer Latinx mourners make sense of their pasts, presents, and futures in the face of continual trauma. Queer fans used azúcar to navigate everything from right-wing Cuban exilic nostalgia to the massacre of forty-nine people in an Orlando gay club.
The Respectable Mob
Authors: Khan Tariq D.
Published: May 2024

Drawing from first-person accounts such as those of Emma Goldman and Ben Reitman, this chapter examines the San Diego free-speech fights. San Diego 1912 is a useful example not because it was exceptional, but because it was a harbinger of what was to follow. It was representative of the unmasked brutality of the US ruling class toward “undesirables.” The bourgeoisie rained down the cruelty of the intertwined forces of colonialism, capitalism, antianarchism, militarism, empire, police violence and right-wing vigilantism, white supremacy, class war, and gender and sexual violence on racialized, multiethnic, multilingual, poor, propertyless migrant proletarians asserting their humanity against private property and against the United States. Social progress did not emerge from it. The state did not become more humane. It became more effective at internal social control and counterinsurgency.
“Be Not Weary of Well Doing”
Authors: Smith Gary Scott
Published: May 2024

Religious issues were very important in the 2016 presidential campaign. Clinton adopted a Methodist maxim—“Do all the good you can”—as her unofficial campaign slogan. She hired faith outreach directors to help win the voters of Catholics, Jews, and African Americans. Although numerous prominent evangelical leaders denounced Donald Trump, his campaign appealed to them more successfully than Clinton’s. His stance on religious liberty and abortion, promise to appoint conservative Supreme Court justices, and their dislike of Clinton’s personality and various politically progressive policies she advocated prompted 81 percent of evangelicals to vote for Trump. Clinton failed to exploit fully the opening to win religious voters Trump’s character flaws and lack of religiosity provided.
Structure
Authors: Manuel Peter
Published: May 2024

This chapter provides a detailed discussion of flamenco structural and stylistic elements (though repertoire and specific cantes are covered in the following chapter). The entities “cante” and “estilo” are clarified, and the distinctive features of flamenco rhythm, harmony, modality, vocal technique, and theory are discussed. Guitar repertoire and style are explored in depth, with attention to accompaniment as well as solo playing, and the role of falsetas (short precomposed passages) therein. Also addressed is the complex relation between modal and harmonic dimensions in flamenco. Palmas (rhythmic hand-clapping) and the incorporation of other instruments (such as the cajón box drum) are covered.
“Commercial Television with a Public Role”
Authors: Marinos Martin
Published: May 2024

This chapter shifts the discussion from the press to commercial television, which exhibits its own form of media populism. The private channels present themselves as socially responsible media through charity and volunteer campaigns as well as programs that focus on the plight of ordinary people. In addition, instead of a commitment to a political party, television embraces a broad nationalism. The populist political Right adapts well to this environment, as its own media convincingly mimic commercial television’s displays of commitment to the people while they also benefit from the normalization of nationalism in mainstream media. This chapter advances a comprehensive understanding of this type of media populism through a political economy approach that exposes the economic and political structures that undergird it.
Low Phase Ratio Stationary Phase Column Technology for the Characterization of Highly Volatile and Reactive Compounds by Gas-Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Davydiuk Tetiana , Gras Ronda , Luong Jim
Published: May 2024

Recent advances in coating techniques and improved polymers employed as gas chromatographic stationary phases have resulted in commercializing low phase ratio capillary column technology with respectable chromatographic efficiency and inertness. Highly volatile compounds that are critical in challenging industrial applications such as alkanes, alkenes, arsine, phosphine, oxygenated, and sulfur compounds have been successfully analyzed with respectable chromatographic performance and resolution using a low phase ratio column such as a 60 m × 0.32 mm id × 8 µm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a β value of 10. An R value of 5.6 was achieved for the separation of hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide without the use of cryogenic chromatography. In addition to improved retention for highly volatile organic compounds, a low phase ratio column can be employed effectively to enhance chromatographic inertness for reactive analytes. The augmentation of a 3D-printed two stage microreactor for use with flame ionization detection enabled carbon compound independent response, thereby lower cost-of-ownership and improved lab safety.
Measurement of Ammonia Leakage by TDLAS in Mid-Infrared Combined with an EMD-SG Filter Method
Authors: Zhou Wei , He Zhengqiao , Qi Rubin , Ding Jinfeng , Wang Tenghui , Wang Xianzhong , Li Lei , He Shukai , Li Xintian
Published: May 2024

Ammonia (NH3) has been used as the main refrigerant in various types of cold storages, exceeding 90% of cooling applications. However, NH3 leakage occurs frequently due to damage of the refrigeration compressor, resulting in environmental pollution and intoxication accidents. Therefore, reliable and highly sensitive NH3 detection is a critical requirement in cold storage. In this paper, tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is used to measure NH3 leakage, where a new denoising method combining empirical mode decomposition with the Savitzky-Golay smoothing algorithm (EMD-SG) is proposed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of absorbance signals. The results show that a 5.5 times improvement of SNR and 86% reduction of the linear fitting error in calibration is obtained; furthermore, this system achieves a detection limit of 0.2 ppm at an average time of 69 s by Allan variance analysis. Hence, it can be concluded that the EMD-SG algorithm can effectively improve the performance of TDLAS systems to meet the requirements for NH3 leakage detection in cold storages.
La seguridad alimentaria en México
Authors: Ayala Zuñiga José Alonso
Published: May 2024

En la actualidad, el 59.1% de las familias en México no cuentan con los recursos económicos suficientes para tener una alimentación que sea suficiente en calidad y cantidad. La inseguridad alimentaria conlleva a México a tener grandes costos humanos, sociales y económicos, ya que esto se correlaciona altamente a la pérdida de productividad, altos índices de pobreza y marginación, poco aprovechamiento del potencial humano y presencia de exclusión social; con más énfasis en las comunidades indígenas y campesinas del país. Para solucionar este problema, los gobiernos mexicanos -sexenio tras sexenio-  han diseñado e implementado políticas y estrategias tanto productivas como sociales, con el objetivo de lograr la seguridad alimentaria del país Por lo anterior, en el presente trabajo se presenta el panorama de la Seguridad Alimentaria en México, a partir de la conceptualización cualitativa y cuantitativa de los pilares que la componen, y que según la  FAO son: la disponibilidad, la accesibilidad, la aceptabilidad y consumo, y la utilización biológica de los alimentos.
An Empirical Study on the Turnover Intention among the SME Service Sectors Employees in Beijing, China: A Theory of Planned Behaviour Approach
Authors: Yu Yao Pei
Published: May 2024

This empirical study investigates the turnover intention among employees in the SME service sector in Beijing, China, using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a theoretical framework. The research aims to understand the key psychological and social factors influencing employees' intentions to leave their current positions. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 400 employees across various SMEs in Beijing's service industry. The questionnaire measured attitudes towards turnover, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and turnover intention. The findings indicate that all three components of TPB significantly predict turnover intention. Attitudes towards turnover, shaped by job satisfaction and perceived job alternatives, emerged as the strongest predictor. Subjective norms, influenced by peer and family expectations, also play a critical role in shaping turnover intentions. Perceived behavioral control, which includes employees' confidence in securing new employment and perceived ease of leaving their current job, further contributes to the prediction model. The study highlights the importance of addressing both individual and contextual factors in managing turnover intentions. For SME managers, fostering a supportive work environment and enhancing job satisfaction can mitigate turnover risks. Moreover, understanding the influence of external social pressures and enhancing employees' perceived control over their career decisions can provide additional strategies to retain talent. This research contributes to the limited literature on employee turnover in China's SME service sector and offers practical insights for improving employee retention strategies. Future studies could explore longitudinal data to understand the dynamics of turnover intention over time and examine the role of additional variables such as organizational commitment and job stress.
A Mediating Effect of Intention on the Relationship between Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavioural Control and the Turnover Intention Actual Usage among the SME Service Sectors Employees in Beijing, China
Authors: Yu Yao Pei
Published: May 2024

This study explores the mediating role of intention in the relationship between attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on turnover intention and actual turnover behavior among employees in the SME service sector in Beijing, China. Drawing on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), we hypothesize that employee attitudes towards their job, the influence of subjective norms, and their perceived control over leaving their job collectively influence their turnover intentions, which in turn affect their actual turnover behavior. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to a sample of SME service sector employees in Beijing. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to test the proposed hypotheses and the mediating effect of intention. The findings reveal that intention significantly mediates the relationship between the three TPB components (attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control) and turnover behavior. Specifically, employees with negative job attitudes, high subjective norms favoring turnover, and high perceived control over leaving are more likely to form strong turnover intentions, which subsequently lead to actual turnover. These results offer valuable insights for SME management in Beijing on the importance of addressing employee attitudes, norms, and perceived control to mitigate turnover rates. The study contributes to the broader literature on employee turnover by highlighting the critical mediating role of intention and providing a nuanced understanding of the TPB in the context of SME service sectors in China.
2 - The Migration and Informal Market Nexus: A study of Nigerien Forex Traders in Benin City
Authors: Oreva Olakpe  , Martha Sambe  , Rafeeat Aliyu
Published: May 2024

This article attempts to understand how migrant communities in the global South shape and contribute to the establishment and operation of niche sectors and informal markets in receiving states. The article examines the impact that a community of migrants from Niger Republic have had on the foreign exchange market in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. The analysis is situated within the postcolonial framework while drawing on sociological frameworks and methodological tools (ethnography). By analysing the narratives of Nigerien migrants in Benin City, this paper unpacks the characteristics of the migrant forex niche, the interaction between the formal and informal forex businesses in the market, as well as the interplay between migrants and locals in the community. We argue that the nexus of intra- African migrations and informal niche markets leads to spatial, political, economic and social transformations that challenge the significance of formal markets and the limitations of undocumented status.