bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Country and corporate reputation from an internationalization perspective: a comparative study of industries from an emerging market
Authors: Parente-Laverde Ana-Maria , Rojas-DeFrancisco Laura , Martins Izaias
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Reputation transfer between countries and companies, and its impact on the internationalization process of organizations is an emerging topic in the international business and marketing field. Using the resource-based view (RBV) and institutional theory as a theoretical framework, this study aims to describe the relationship between Colombia's reputation and its companies' perception from the perspective of the food and software industries.

Design/methodology/approach

This qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study is based on data collected through the application of 24 interviews with experts and Colombian and global company's leaders. An analysis of the concepts, categories and relationships was conducted, followed by thick descriptions.

Findings

There is reputation transfer between countries and organizations in the following cases: (1) during initial stages of the internationalization process, (2) within companies and industries that share values with the country of origin perceptions and (3) when the country of origin institutional context leverages the reputation transfer between companies and countries.

Research limitations/implications

It contributes to the field by helping to the conceptualization of the process and adding important elements to the transfer process, such as actors and values, especially in country repositioning cases.

Practical implications

The study provides inputs to policymakers for the creation of the country brand and the management of country image, and to businesses in their corporate image and reputation strategies.

Originality/value

The uniqueness of this paper is based on the analysis of reputation transfer in an emerging country that is repositioning its image and reputation.
Unethical leadership behaviour in Algerian public organizations: unravelling social and organizational factors
Authors: Benlahcene Abderrahmane , Saoula Oussama , Ramdani Abbas
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Unethical leadership represents one of the most serious obstacles to the development of organizations and societies. Although a range of empirical studies have investigated unethical leadership behaviour in different contexts, studies on this issue are almost non-existent within the Algerian context. This study aims to explore the role of social and organizational factors in shaping unethical leadership behaviour within Algerian public organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

A series of in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 leaders from public organizations. The collected data were analysed using a thematic approach with ATLAS.ti 8 software.

Findings

The reported social and organizational factors fall into five themes: social values, organizational culture, corruption, peer influence and political environment.

Originality/value

Given the grave consequences of unethical leadership behaviour, this study contributes to our understanding of the role of social and organizational factors in shaping unethical leadership behaviour in an understudied context. This can help in mitigating the factors that lay the ground for these destructive and unethical behaviours in public organizations.
Potential determinants of consumers' intention to purchase 3D printed fashion products
Authors: Lyu Jewon , Hahn Kim , Lee Hyun-Joo
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Fashion products such as clothes, accessories, bags and footwear created using 3D printed technology are referred to as 3D printed fashion (3DPF) products. This study investigates consumers' motivation to purchase 3DPF products. In particular, this study adopts a multi-dimensional approach to explore the effects of personality-related traits such as innate, domain-specific and actualized innovativeness, as well as examine the effects of perceptions toward 3D printing technology (3DPT) (i.e. perceived security risk, performance expectancy). Based on the concepts of consumer innovativeness and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), the authors expect the effects of consumers' innovativeness and perception of 3DPT and confirm its significant effects on a positive attitude toward 3DPF products and future purchase intention of 3DPF products.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative research design (i.e. survey) is utilized to examine the suggested relationships and application of existing theory in this study. All measurement items are adapted from previous literature and use a Likert-scale. The authors examined a total of 326 responses using a series of statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, structural equation modeling and conditional process modeling.

Findings

The results of this study confirmed that innate and domain-specific innovativeness are critical antecedents of creating a positive attitude toward using 3DPF products through perceptions toward 3DPT. In addition, 3DPF innovativeness, as actualized innovativeness, was validated to strengthen the relationship between personal innovativeness and attitude, providing evidence that innovation-related traits can predict behaviors. Interestingly, technological innovativeness was not found to be a predictor of perceived security risk. It may be due that 3DPF products are still novel to consumers.

Research limitations/implications

The study participants were people who were interested in technology, not consumers who had prior experience with using 3DPF products. Future studies are encouraged to include consumers who have actually purchased or used 3DPF products.

Practical implications

The findings of this study indicate that consumers' use of new technology is determined by personality and interest in specific product categories. Practitioners may use this information to segment/target consumer groups to introduce a new/unfamiliar product.

Originality/value

The findings of this study contribute to the existing literature on consumer adoption of innovation by combining two approaches, the hierarchy of consumer innovativeness and the UTAUT, in the context of advanced technology adoption behavior.
Users' subsequent innovation after organizational adoption: evidence from an online game user innovation community
Authors: Li Weimo , Lu Yaobin , Ma Jifeng , Wang Bin
Published: September 2022

Purpose

In online user innovation communities (UICs), firms adopt external innovations beyond their internal resources and capabilities. However, little is known about the influences of organizational adoption or detailed adoption patterns on subsequent user innovation. This study aims to examine the influence of organizational adoption, including its level and timing, on users' subsequent innovation behavior and performance.

Design/methodology/approach

This research model was validated using a secondary dataset of 17,661 user–innovation pairs from an online UIC. The effect of organizational adoption on users' subsequent innovation likelihood was measured by conducting a panel logistic regression. Furthermore, the effects of organizational adoption on subsequent innovation’ quality and homogeneity and those of the adoption level and timing on subsequent innovation likelihood were tested using Heckman's two-step approach.

Findings

The authors found that organizational adoption negatively affects the likelihood of subsequent innovation and its homogeneity but positively affects its quality. Moreover, more timely and lower-level adoption can increase the likelihood of users' subsequent innovation.

Originality/value

This study comprehensively explores organizational adoption's effects on users' subsequent innovation behavior and performance, contributing to the literature on UICs and user innovation adoption. It also provides valuable practical implications for firms on how to optimize their adoption decisions to maintain the quantity, quality, and diversity of user innovations.
“It's not just a job, it's a passion”: passions and motivations of sport entrepreneurs
Authors: Winand Mathieu , Bell Euan , Zeimers Géraldine
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The present study aims to analyse sport entrepreneurs' passions and motivations to start a sport business. It answers calls from the literature to investigate sector-specific entrepreneurship ventures and expand the scope of sport entrepreneurship to innovative sport business owners.

Design/methodology/approach

Twenty-six entrepreneurs based in Scotland who started a sport business have been surveyed and 8 entrepreneurs were interviewed.

Findings

Participants demonstrated a high inclination for self-employment mainly following pull factor reasons such as career change. Their passion for sport, inventing and work played an influential role in their decision to start and grow their business. Some sport entrepreneurs also aimed to pursue higher goals through their innovative sport product or service by contributing to a social cause, which closely aligns with social entrepreneurship.

Originality/value

This study theoretically contributes to the literature by illuminating the specificities of sport entrepreneurship and how passion – as both an antecedent and an outcome – affects the motivational state of sport entrepreneurs.
Decentralized identity (DID): new technology adoption and diffusion in South Korea
Authors: Rim HeeJung
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This study aims to study the role of co-production among heterogenous actors to achieve a digital transformation for public service delivery. The importance of building legitimacy and public value creation during the journey of adopting new technology is mainly discussed through analyzing the case of blockchain-based decentralized identity (DID) in South Korea (Korea).

Design/methodology/approach

Using a qualitative method, the conceptual framework for this study draws on public value theory that highlights co-production approaches on adoption and diffusion of new information system.

Findings

The results of this study provide empirical support for the claim that co-constructive and cross-sector partnership is critical to the adoption of blockchain-based DID and to maximize the value-in-use and increase citizens’ participation.

Originality/value

This study suggests a new perspective, which contributes to the information system literature and the phenomenological analysis by investigating co-constructive partnership among cross-sector organizations through the legitimacy-building process, which has not been much empirically researched.
Dapagliflozin modulates the faecal microbiota after myocardial infarction in non‐diabetic mice
Authors: Li Zhongming , Wang Kai , Ding Yinzhang , Ma Wenjie , Sun Yan , Liu Xianling , Qian Lijun , Li Yansong , Hong Jian , Xu Di
Published: September 2022

The gut microbiota seems to be a major modulator of cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction. Dapagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), is an antidiabetic agent that was recently utilized in patients with cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to investigate the effects of dapagliflozin on the faecal microbiota of postinfarction non‐diabetic mice. A total of 19 male mice were randomly divided into three groups, where two groups were enduced with myocardial infarction (MI) by left anterior descending ligation. One day after the surgery, each group was administered normal saline (15 mL/kg/day, 0.9%) or dapagliflozin (1.5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Echocardiography was obtained on day 28 post MI. Masson's trichrome staining was used to determine the degree of fibrosis. Faecal samples were collected to assess the microbiome by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. We found that dapagliflozin significantly improved cardiac function in the non‐diabetic myocardial infarction mice model after the 28‐day treatment, especially in ejection fraction and fractional shortening (p < 0.01). Enterotypes were composed of Muribaculaceae and Lactobacillaceae after dapagliflozin treatment, while Muribaculaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae were the main enterotypes post‐MI. Dapagliflozin increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillaceae, while decreasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacteriaceae. It was interesting to discover that Proteobacteria (especially Desulfovibrionaceae) were enriched after the dapagliflozin treatment for myocardial infarction. Dapagliflozin increased the abundance of the main beneficial bacteria. In post‐myocardial infarction treatments, using dapagliflozin could positively contribute to the improvement of cardiac function and alter the structure of faecal microbiota.
Male fertility in Pyricularia oryzae: Microconidia are spermatia
Authors: Lassagne Alexandre , Brun Sylvain , Malagnac Fabienne , Adreit Henri , Milazzo Joëlle , Fournier Elisabeth , Tharreau Didier
Published: September 2022

Sexual reproduction in Ascomycetes is well described in several model organisms such as Neurospora crassa or Podospora anserina. Deciphering the biological process of sexual reproduction (from the recognition between compatible partners to the formation of zygote) can be a major advantage to better control sexually reproducing pathogenic fungi. In Pyricularia oryzae, the fungal pathogen causing blast diseases on several Poaceae species, the biology of sexual reproduction remains poorly documented. Besides the well‐documented production of asexual macroconidia, the production of microconidia was seldom reported in P. oryzae, and their role as male gamete (i.e., spermatia) and in male fertility has never been explored. Here, we characterised the morphological features of microconidia and demonstrated that they are bona fide spermatia. Contrary to macroconidia, microconidia are not able to germinate and seem to be the only male gametes in P. oryzae. We show that fruiting body (perithecium) formation requires microconidia to get in contact with mycelium of strains of opposite mating type, to presumably fertilise the female gametes.
Destructiveness: a ‘neglected child’ in the theory of analytical psychology1
Authors: Bovensiepen Gustav
Published: September 2022

C.G. Jung postulates the child motif as the central symbol of the unfolding self towards wholeness. From the ‘abandoned child’ and the ‘invincibility of the child’, Jung derives the ‘divine child’ as hero. It is about the victory of consciousness over the unconscious, about the ‘overcoming of the darkness monster’. But in this ego‐psychological approach, there is no ‘evil’, no destructive child. The author is surprised that there is no concept of destructiveness per se, in the Kantian sense, in either psychoanalysis or analytical psychology. In Jung, ‘evil’ exists as a shadow dynamic that needs to be integrated. This paper is about destructiveness that cannot be integrated. The author’s hypothesis is that some patients have the unconscious belief that they are a discarded child and were born as a ‘bad’ destructive child or have acquired this unconscious belief in the course of their development. Both possibilities are explored with regard to their treatability using clinical vignettes from the therapy of a child, an adolescent and an adult patient. With regard to collective destructiveness, an attempt is also made to highlight some characteristic beliefs of increasingly radicalized political and social groups.
Sandplay: traces in the sand – traces in the brain
Authors: Ammann Ruth
Published: September 2022

For more than 40 years I have been using sandplay with children and adults in my practice of analytical psychology. In this article I describe the development of sandplay from simple playing in the sand, to the technique of using sand, water and figures in different forms of therapy, to the sandplay method based on the foundations of Jungian psychology. I put special emphasis on the so‐called review of a sandplay process, namely the careful, comprehensive analysis of sand pictures, dreams and reflections at the end of the therapeutic process. This happens in a mutual exchange between analysand and analyst and brings about a deeply effective synthesis of the therapy process, both in the analysand and in the analyst. One further emphasis is on the physical component of sandplay: the physicality of sandplay creates a resonance between body and soul and makes sandplay therapy also a psychosomatic method.
The flux and flow of free‐play and paradox
Authors: Carter Linda
Published: September 2022

This paper addresses the centrality of play and paradox for the emergence of symbol formation in the liminal space “between” the opposites that offer constraint on the analytic dyad. Complex Adaptive Systems theory is interwoven with Jungian ideas to consider the importance and, sadly, the diminishment of ‘free play’ globally. The possible relationship between the state of mind needed for ‘free play’ as similar to the state while in REM dream sleep is described. A clinical sandtray case provides grounding for the way that the implicit, procedural domain is relevant for shaping the interactions and patterns that emerge in the present moment that reflect both the past and the unfolding future. Amplification related to the patient's cultural background opened an understanding of imaginative engagement with family and friends in her history that revealed attachment alternatives. Further, Greek Hermes as a symbol of connection and paradox is offered along with Egyptian Nut and Seb who represent the need for space and the necessary differentiation that opens room for the flux and flow of creative energy within a system.
The impact of nail psoriasis on disease activity, quality of life, and clinical variables in patients with psoriatic arthritis: A cross‐sectional multicenter study
Authors: Cengiz Gizem , Nas Kemal , Keskin Yaşar , Kılıç Erkan , Sargin Betül , Acer Kasman Sevtap , Alkan Hakan , Sahin Nilay , Cüzdan Balta Nihan , Gezer İlknur Albayrak , Keskin Dilek , Mülkoğlu Cevriye , Reşorlu Hatice , Ataman Şebnem , Bal Ajda , Baykul Merve , Duruöz Mehmet Tuncay , Küçükakkaş Okan , Yurdakul Ozan Volkan , Alkan Melikoğlu Meltem , Ayhan Fikriye Figen , Bodur Hatice , Çaliş Mustafa , Çapkin Erhan , Devrimsel Gül , Gök Kevser , Hizmetli Sami , Kamanlı Ayhan , Ecesoy Hilal , Kutluk Öznur , Şen Nesrin , Şendur Ömer Faruk , Tekeoğlu İbrahim , Toprak Murat , Tolu Sena , Tuncer Tiraje
Published: September 2022

Aim

Nail involvement is common in psoriatic arthritis. This study assesses clinical characteristics, nail psoriasis prevalence, and impact of nail psoriasis on disease activity in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Method

This cross‐sectional multicenter study was conducted by the Turkish League Against Rheumatism using PsA patients recruited from 25 centers. Demographic and clinical characteristics of PsA patients, such as disease activity measures, quality of life, and nail involvement findings were assessed during routine follow‐up examinations. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of nail psoriasis and compared using the χ2 test or Fisher exact test for categorical variables and the t‐test or Mann‐Whitney U test for continuous variables.

Results

In 1122 individuals with PsA, 645 (57.5%) displayed nail psoriasis. The most frequent features of fingernails were ridges (38%), followed by pitting (21%) and onycholysis (19%). More females were present in both groups (with and without nail psoriasis; 64% vs 67%, P < 0.282). Patients with nail psoriasis were older, indicated more pain and fatigue, experienced greater swelling, tender joint counts, and skin disease severity, and had a higher disease activity score compared with those without nail psoriasis (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

We demonstrate an increased prevalence of nail psoriasis observed in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Patients with nail involvement experience increased disease activity, lower quality of life, and diminished mental and physical status compared with those without nail involvement.
The nature of third‐millennium settlement: The example of al‐Tikha (Rustaq) an Umm an‐Nar site on the Batinah coast of Oman
Authors: Deadman William M. , Kennet Derek , de Vreeze Michel , al‐Jahwari Nasser S.
Published: September 2022

al‐Tikha is a mid to large Umm an‐Nar (c. 2700–2000 BC) settlement situated near Rustaq at the back of the Southern Batinah coastal plain in the Sultanate of Oman that was discovered (or rediscovered) in 2014. The site is unique because its layout and spatial organisation are very largely (possibly completely) visible on the surface. This includes two separate areas of stone‐built housing, a large pottery scatter of varying density, three or four typical Umm an‐Nar round towers and a small cemetery consisting of at least four tombs, along with a few other features. The layout of the site is described and discussed in detail, in particular, in relation to what it might tell us about the nature of Umm an‐Nar settlement and social organisation more generally. The location of the site within a pattern of repeating Umm an‐Nar settlement along Wadi Far (Wādī al‐Farʿī) is also described and discussed.
Single‐cell analysis reveals transcriptomic reprogramming in aging primate entorhinal cortex and the relevance with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Li Ming‐Li , Wu Shi‐Hao , Song Bo , Yang Jing , Fan Li‐Yuan , Yang Yang , Wang Yun‐Chao , Yang Jing‐Hua , Xu Yuming
Published: September 2022

The entorhinal cortex is of great importance in cognition and memory, its dysfunction causes a variety of neurological diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet so far, research on entorhinal cortex is still limited. Here, we provided the first single‐nucleus transcriptomic map of primate entorhinal cortex aging. Our result revealed that synapse signaling, neurogenesis, cellular homeostasis, and inflammation‐related genes and pathways changed in a cell‐type‐specific manner with age. Moreover, among the 7 identified cell types, we highlighted the neuronal lineage that was most affected by aging. By integrating multiple datasets, we found entorhinal cortex aging was closely related to multiple neurodegenerative diseases, particularly for AD. The expression levels of APP and MAPT, which generate β‐amyloid (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles, respectively, were increased in most aged entorhinal cortex cell types. In addition, we found that neuronal lineage in the aged entorhinal cortex is more prone to AD and identified a subpopulation of excitatory neurons that are most highly associated with AD. Altogether, this study provides a comprehensive cellular and molecular atlas of the primate entorhinal cortex at single‐cell resolution and provides new insights into potential therapeutic targets against age‐related neurodegenerative diseases.
Decolonizing US anthropology
Authors: Gupta Akhil , Stoolman Jessie
Published: September 2022

After Ferguson, Standing Rock, the Black Lives Matter protests, and the crisis of refugees at the US southern border, there have been renewed calls for a racial reckoning in US anthropology. Dissatisfaction on the domestic front runs parallel to an unease over US anthropology's failure to adequately address militarism, imperialism, and predatory capitalism abroad. Finally, there is the fraught question of US anthropology's oversized influence within world anthropologies. We propose that a reassessment of US anthropology might fruitfully begin with some counterfactual history. How would US anthropology been different had the founding generations conceptualized the discipline as a decolonizing project? What topics or themes might have become central to US anthropology? How might our methods have been different? To make anthropology departments more diverse, inclusive, and equitable, we need to do more than add faculty and students of color. Despite being a field whose central concept is “culture,” we have paid far too little attention to the culture of anthropology departments. Do unexamined practices of “white‐norming” that shape the everyday lives of faculty and students in anthropology departments persistently “Other”—marginalize and alienate—people of color?
Sinus node dysfunction after radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial flutter: A case report
Authors: Li Haiwei , Wang Zefeng , Wu Yongquan
Published: September 2022

Atrial flutter (AFL) is the second most common atrial tachyarrhythmia after atrial fibrillation. Catheter ablation (CA) for typical AFL is well‐established and has a high success rate and adequate safety. However, sick sinus syndrome (SSS) occasionally occurs when long‐term, persistent AFL is terminated by ablation. Sinus node function cannot be assessed during AFL, and the preoperative prediction of underlying SSS has not yet been investigated. When this situation occurs, pacemaker implantation is often necessary. Here, we report a case of SSS after persistent AFL CA.
Prevalence and risk factors for hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis suppression in infants receiving glucocorticoid eye drops after ocular surgery
Authors: Schmidt Diana C. , Kessel Line , Bach‐Holm Daniella , Main Katharina M. , Larsen Dorte A. , Bangsgaard Regitze
Published: September 2022

Purpose

To examine the prevalence and risk factors for hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis suppression (HPA axis suppression) in infants receiving glucocorticoid (GC) eye drops after ocular surgery.

Methods

This was a clinical observational cohort study. Children under the age of two receiving GC eye drops after cataract or glaucoma surgery between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2021 were included at one centre. Medical history and results of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation tests were obtained through patient charts.

Results

Forty‐nine infants were included in the study. Ten out of 22 patients (45.5%) tested during treatment and two out of 27 patients (7.4%) tested after treatment cessation were diagnosed with HPA axis suppression. The duration of HPA axis suppression extended beyond 3 months in 8 out of 12 patients. Logistic regression showed that infants with HPA axis suppression had received a higher GC dose/body weight/day before the first ACTH test (p < 0.001). There was a 79% (95% CI:1.28;2.50) increase in the odds of having HPA axis suppression for a 0.01 mg GC increase/kg/day corresponding to an additional daily eye drop for an infant weighing 5 kg. There was an association between HPA axis suppression and number of days from surgery to test (p = 0.003), age at surgery (p = 0.035) and cumulated GC dose (p = 0.005). Three infants with HPA axis suppression had affected growth and one had Cushing‐like features, but there were no cases of Addisonian crisis.

Conclusion

Infants are at risk of having hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis suppression if they receive a high daily glucocorticoid dose per weight by topical ocular administration. Infants receiving glucocorticoids after ocular surgery should be monitored clinically or by ACTH testing.
The fibrotic niche impairs satellite cell function and muscle regeneration in mouse models of Marfan syndrome
Authors: Tomaz da Silva Meiricris , Santos Audrei R. , Koike Tatiana E. , Nascimento Tabata L. , Rozanski Andrei , Bosnakovski Darko , Pereira Lygia V. , Kumar Ashok , Kyba Michael , Miyabara Elen H.
Published: September 2022

Aim

It has been suggested that the proliferation and early differentiation of myoblasts are impaired in Marfan syndrome (MFS) mice during muscle regeneration. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated muscle regeneration in MFS mouse models by analyzing the influence of the fibrotic niche on satellite cell function.

Methods

In vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro experiments were performed. In addition, we evaluated the effect of the pharmacological inhibition of fibrosis using Ang‐(1–7) on regenerating skeletal muscles of MFS mice.

Results

The skeletal muscle of MFS mice shows an increased accumulation of collagen fibers (81.2%), number of fibroblasts (157.1%), and Smad2/3 signaling (110.5%), as well as an aberrant number of fibro‐adipogenic progenitor cells in response to injury compared with wild‐type mice. There was an increased number of proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory macrophages (3.6‐ and 3.1‐fold, respectively) in regenerating muscles of wild‐type mice, but not in the regenerating muscles of MFS mice. Our data show that proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells are altered (p ≤ 0.05) in MFS mice. Myoblast transplantation assay revealed that the regenerating muscles from MFS mice have reduced satellite cell self‐renewal capacity (74.7%). In addition, we found that treatment with Ang‐(1–7) reduces fibrosis (71.6%) and ameliorates satellite cell dysfunction (p ≤ 0.05) and muscle contractile function (p ≤ 0.05) in MFS mice.

Conclusion

The fibrotic niche, caused by Fbn1 mutations, reduces the myogenic potential of satellite cells, affecting structural and functional muscle regeneration. In addition, the fibrosis inhibitor Ang‐(1–7) partially counteracts satellite cell abnormalities and restores myofiber size and contractile force in regenerating muscles.
Entrepreneurial orientation and decision‐making under risk and uncertainty: Experimental evidence from the Columbia Card Task
Authors: Dijkstra Nienke F. S. , de Groot Kristel , Rietveld Cornelius A.
Published: September 2022

We analyze the relationship between entrepreneurship and decision‐making under risk and uncertainty using the Columbia Card Task: an experimental task eliciting affective decision‐making under conditions of risk and uncertainty. In a sample of 127 university students, we find robust evidence that individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) is negatively related to decision‐making under risk and uncertainty. In addition, we show that distinguishing the subscales of IEO is key to understanding this relationship, since while the relationship is negative for the Proactiveness and Innovativeness subscales, it is positive for the Risk taking subscale. Moderation analyses show that heterogeneous sensitivity towards possible gains and losses explains the main relationship.
Tumour, whole‐blood, plasma and tissue concentrations of metformin in lung cancer patients
Authors: Phillips Joseph D. , Pooler Darcy B. , Ness Dylan B. , Fay Kayla , Tau Steven , Demidenko Eugene , Hampsch Riley A. , Lewis Lionel D. , Miller Todd W.
Published: September 2022

Aim

Metformin is used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is being tested clinically as an anticancer agent. Metformin concentrations safely achievable in human solid tissues including tumours are unknown. This study was designed to determine metformin concentration in tissue compartments as a function of dose to inform rational dosing in preclinical models and interpretation of clinical results."

Methods

Subjects with solid tumours to be treated by resection and either (A) willingness to take metformin for 7‐10 days before surgery or (B) taking metformin for T2DM were eligible. Whole blood, plasma, tumour, tumour‐adjacent uninvolved tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained for liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to measure metformin concentrations.

Results

All subjects had primary lung tumours. Metformin dose was significantly correlated with drug concentrations in all tissues analysed. Intersubject metformin concentrations varied by over two orders of magnitude. Metformin concentrations were significantly higher in tumour tissues and lower in adipose tissues compared to other tissues. Concentrations in blood and plasma were significantly correlated with concentrations in solid tissues.

Conclusion

Metformin accumulates in cellular compartments. Concentrations observed in plasma, blood, lung and tumour tissues in subjects treated with US Food and Drug Administration‐approved doses for T2DM are lower than those typically used in tissue culture studies. However, such tissue concentrations are in line with those found within cultured cells treated with supra‐pharmacological doses of metformin. Given the large intersubject variability in metformin concentrations, it is imperative to determine whether there is an association between tissue metformin concentration and anticancer activity in humans.
Asebogenin suppresses thrombus formation via inhibition of Syk phosphorylation
Authors: Li Li , Xu Xulin , Lv Keyu , Zheng Guijuan , Wang Hao , Chen Shuai , Huang Lang , Liu Yi , Zhang Yadong , Tang Zhaoming , Zhang Lili , Wang Jinyu , Qiao Jianlin , Li Hongliang , Wang Xuanbin , Yao Guangmin , Fang Chao
Published: September 2022

Background and Purpose

Thrombosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Platelet activation by exposed collagen through glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are critical pathogenic factors for arterial and venous thrombosis. Both events are regulated by spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)‐mediated signalling events. Asebogenin is a dihydrochalcone whose pharmacological effects remain largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the antithrombotic effects of asebogenin and the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Experimental Approach

Platelet aggregation was assessed using an aggregometer. Platelet P‐selectin exposure, integrin activation and calcium mobilization were determined by flow cytometry. NETs formation was assessed by SYTOX Green staining and immunohistochemistry. Quantitative phosphoproteomics, microscale thermophoresis, in vitro kinase assay and molecular docking combined with dynamics simulation were performed to characterize the targets of asebogenin. The in vivo effects of asebogenin on arterial thrombosis were investigated using FeCl3‐induced and laser‐induced injury models, whereas those of venous thrombosis were induced by stenosis of the inferior vena cava.

Key Results

Asebogenin inhibited a series of GPVI‐induced platelet responses and suppressed NETs formation induced by proinflammatory stimuli. Mechanistically, asebogenin directly interfered with the phosphorylation of Syk at Tyr525/526, which is important for its activation. Further, asebogenin suppressed arterial thrombosis demonstrated by decreased platelet accumulation and fibrin generation and attenuated venous thrombosis determined by reduced neutrophil accumulation and NETs formation, without increasing bleeding risk.

Conclusion and Implications

Asebogenin exhibits potent antithrombotic effects by targeting Syk and is a potential lead compound for the development of efficient and safe antithrombotic agents.
Climate change induced elevational range shifts of Himalayan tree species
Authors: Maharjan Surya Kumar , Sterck Frank J. , Raes Niels , Zhao Yue , Poorter Lourens
Published: September 2022

Global warming may force montane species to shift upward to keep pace with their shifting climate niche. How species differences in such distribution shifts depend on their elevational positions, elevation‐dependent warming rates, and other environmental constraints, or plant functional traits is poorly understood. Here, we analyzed for 137 Himalayan tree species how distribution shifts vary with elevational niche positions, environmental constraints, and their functional traits. We developed ecological niche models using MaxEnt by combining species survey and botanical collections data with 19 environmental predictors. Species distributions were projected to 1985 and 2050 conditions, and elevational range parameters and distribution areas were derived. Under the worst‐case RCP 8.5 scenario, species are predicted to shift, on average, 3 m/year in optimum elevation, and have 33% increase in distribution area. Highland species showed faster predicted elevational shifts than lowland species. Lowland and highland species are predicted to expand in distribution area in contrast to mid‐elevation species. Tree species for which species distribution models are driven by responses to temperature, aridity, or soil clay content showed the strongest predicted upslope shifts. Tree species with conservative trait values that enable them to survive resource poor conditions (i.e., narrow conduits) showed larger predicted upslope shifts than species with wide conduits. The predicted average upslope shift in maximum elevation (8 m/year) is >2 times faster than the current observations indicating that many species will not be able to track climate change and potentially go extinct, unless they are supported by active conservation measures, such as assisted migration.

Abstract in Nepali is available with online material
Regulatory role of human fibrocartilage stem cells in condyle osteochondroma
Authors: Yin Qing , Bi Ruiye , Li Haohan , Li Qianli , Li Peiran , Wang Ruiyu , Zhu Songsong
Published: September 2022

Objective

Osteochondroma is a common benign skeletal disorder for which different molecular and histological features of long bones have been reported. We investigated cell‐of‐origin and molecular mechanisms of a rare condylar osteochondroma (CO).

Methods

Human fibrocartilage stem cells (hFCSCs) isolated from CO and normal condyle tissue were used for RNA sequencing, real‐time PCR, Western Blotting, immunohistology, flowcytometry, as well as for chondrogenic differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis detection assays.

Results

HFCSCs were fewer in number with weaker proliferative capacity and higher apoptosis ratio in the CO group. During the chondrogenic inducing process, hFCSCs from CO were prone to form more mature and hypertrophic cartilage. The result of RNA sequencing of hFCSCs from CO and normal condyle revealed a correlation between the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway and CO. Activated PI3K/AKT signalling might lead to functional changes in hFCSCs by enhancing cell apoptosis in the developmental process of CO. Increased expression of BCL2‐like protein 11 (BIM) in CO tissue also supports this conclusion. Furthermore, the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in TMJ of mice induced histological disorder and increased apoptosis in condylar cartilage.

Conclusion

We conclude that the activation of PI3K/AKT signalling in hFCSCs of CO suggests a new hypothesis for the cell‐of‐origin of human CO and another possible target to treat it.
Changes in health harms due to cannabis following legalisation of non‐medical cannabis in Canada in context of cannabis commercialisation: A scoping review
Authors: Myran Daniel T. , Imtiaz Sameer , Konikoff Lauren , Douglas Laura , Elton‐Marshall Tara
Published: September 2022

Issue

On 17 October 2018, Canada legalised non‐medical cannabis. Critically, the cannabis market in Canada has changed considerably since legalisation. In this scoping review, we identified available evidence on changes in cannabis‐related health harms following legalisation and contextualised findings based on legal market indicators.

Approach

Electronic searches were conducted to identify studies that compared changes in cannabis‐related health harms pre‐ and post‐legalisation. We contextualised each study by the mean per capita legal cannabis stores and sales during the study period and compared study means to per capita stores and sales on October 2021—3 years following legalisation.

Implications and Conclusions

Some measures of cannabis harms have increased since legalisation but studies to date have captured periods of relatively low market maturity. Longer‐term monitoring of health harms as the market continues to expand is indicated.
User perspectives on digital literacy as a response to misinformation
Authors: Diepeveen Stephanie , Pinet Melanie
Published: September 2022

Motivation

In a polarizing world, the spread of “fake news” and mis/disinformation is a cause of concern for young people's wellbeing, as they are at the forefront of the use and consumption of digital media. The article focuses on how young people view and respond to misinformation online, and the role of digital literacy interventions to mitigate this challenge.

Purpose

The analysis aims to provide some initial insights on how young people view and respond to misinformation online, based on open‐ended online consultations, and consider what their ideas and experiences imply for whether and how digital literacy interventions can help mitigate the impact of “fake news” and mis/disinformation on young people's wellbeing.

Approach and methods

The empirical analysis is based on two online consultations, held in the early months of the Covid‐19 pandemic, that explore multiple views of young people on misinformation. The consultations were analysed for patterns and variation in how young people define the problem of misinformation, and consider digital literacy as a solution, for both men and women, and in different geographies globally.

Findings

Through the consultations, participants suggest a contextualized view of misinformation, both in terms of how it becomes problematic and mitigation strategies. Young people experienced misinformation in intersection with other issues in the digital public sphere, including cybersecurity and unequal access. Young people also reinforced a broad view of digital literacy that includes data literacy and digital citizenship.

Policy implications

Consultation participants challenge policy‐makers and practitioners to look more deeply at the factors contributing to misinformation, to expand their vision of young people's agency, and to incorporate these insights into designing digital literacy interventions that mitigate the harms of misinformation online, and enable young people to address harmful content online.
Low‐cycle fatigue parameters and fatigue life estimation of high‐strength steels with artificial neural networks
Authors: Soyer Mehmet Alperen , Kalaycı Can Berk , Karakaş Özler
Published: September 2022

Fatigue life estimation is essential for life safety and cost reasons. Fatigue parameters at low cycles must be estimated with high accuracy to correctly estimate fatigue life. Conventional equations for parameters at low cycles are inadequate and unable to calculate the values correctly. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used to estimate and optimize the parameters and are more accurate than traditional equations. This study aims to estimate the fatigue parameters at low cycles and fatigue life by ANN with basic tensile properties of high‐strength steels (HSSs), which can be easily obtained from the literature. In particular, the fatigue strength exponent and fatigue ductility exponent primarily characterize the strain–life curve, and the estimation of these parameters is extremely important. To improve the accuracy of the estimation, activation functions, epoch numbers, training functions, elapsed times of training functions, and the number of hidden neurons is compared and determined.
Evaluating MTS criterion in predicting mixed‐mode crack extension under different loading conditions
Authors: Eftekhari Mosleh , Xu Chaoshui
Published: September 2022

The maximum tangential stress (MTS) criterion is one of the most widely used criteria for predicting the direction of crack extension. The suitability of this criterion is examined under different loading conditions using the extended finite element method (XFEM). Experimental and numerical results reported in the literature are considered to evaluate the validity and accuracy of the criterion. The results demonstrate that the MTS criterion evaluated by stress intensity factors (SIFs) can accurately predict the direction of crack propagation in specimens under direct tensile loading. This criterion overestimates the angle of crack initiation in the specimen under indirect tensile loading but underestimates the angle in the specimen subjected to 3‐point bending. It is concluded that the MTS criterion based on SIFs could not accurately predict the direction of the crack initiation, which could, however, be determined properly based on the stress distribution around the crack tip obtained by the XFEM numerical models.
Defining Hydrogeological Site Similarity with Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering
Authors: Kawa Nura , Cucchi Karina , Rubin Yoram , Attinger Sabine , Heße Falk
Published: September 2022

Hydrogeological information about an aquifer is difficult and costly to obtain, yet essential for the efficient management of groundwater resources. Transferring information from sampled sites to a specific site of interest can provide information when site‐specific data is lacking. Central to this approach is the notion of site similarity, which is necessary for determining relevant sites to include in the data transfer process. In this paper, we present a data‐driven method for defining site similarity. We apply this method to selecting groups of similar sites from which to derive prior distributions for the Bayesian estimation of hydraulic conductivity measurements at sites of interest. We conclude that there is now a unique opportunity to combine hydrogeological expertise with data‐driven methods to improve the predictive ability of stochastic hydrogeological models.
The evolution of physiotherapy in the multidisciplinary management of persons with haemophilia (PWH): A scoping review
Authors: Boccalandro Elena A. , Begnozzi Valentina , Garofalo Sofia , Pasca Samantha , Peyvandi Flora
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Haemophilia is a rare congenital bleeding disorder, and the most common manifestation is spontaneous bleeding in muscles and joints. Despite the benefits linked to recent and dramatic pharmacological advances at least in high income setting, many patients still develop musculoskeletal dysfunctions during their lifetime, which must be managed by physiotherapists in the frame of a multidisciplinary team. The aim of the scoping review is to map the available evidence by providing an overview on the past and present physiotherapy scenario in persons with haemophilia (PWH).

Materials and methods

The review was conducted according to the guidelines of the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. Scientific articles on physiotherapy and sport interventions for PWH published from 1960 up to September 2021 have been included. Search was conducted on the e‐databases PubMed and PEDro without restrictions for the study design.

Results

Sixty eight articles were included, 52 related to rehabilitation and preventive physiotherapy, 16 to sport. The results have been reported in chronological order and divided into two categories: (1) rehabilitation and preventive physiotherapy; (2) sport activities.

Conclusions

This is the first scoping review on physiotherapy in haemophilia, based on the existing evidence on this topic which allowed us to underline how the role of the physiotherapist changed over time. Historically this specialist did intervene only after an acute bleed or surgical operation, but now he has a pivotal role in the multidisciplinary team that acts to improve from birth the quality of life of the PWH. His activity is also closely intertwined with sport promotion and supervision.