bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SÍNDROME EEC, ACHADOS CLÍNICOS - RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Pacheco Perla Giovanna Fernandes , Brischke Jeani Aparecida Petrik , Rodrigues Célia Patrícia Müller , Lançanova Mayara Ornelas , Rodrigues Luciana Paula Grégio D’Arce , Lima Daniela Pereira , Pezzini André Alexandre , Baltazar Mariângela Monteiro de Melo
Published: October 2024

Introdução: A síndrome ectrodactilia, displasia ectodérmica e fenda labial e/ou palatina (EEC), é uma anomalia genética rara de herança autossômica dominante e incidência estimada de 1,5/100 milhões de habitantes. A tríade que a nomeia são também suas principais características e a gravidade pode se expressar em diferentes graus de severidade. O objetivo desse trabalho foi relatar o caso de uma criança diagnosticada com a síndrome EEC atendida no CEAPAC (Centro de Atenção e Pesquisa em Anomalias Craniofaciais), narrando os achados clínicos, com ênfase para os aspectos odontológicos encontrados. Relato de caso: Criança do sexo feminino com 10 anos de idade, nasceu bem – segundo relatos da avó. As malformações orais e de membros foram diagnosticadas ainda no período pré-natal através do exame de ultrassonografia. Observou-se as seguintes características físicas: fissura labial direita transforame completa corrigida, com presença de fístula na região anterior do palato, hipertelorismo, dacriocistite, prognatismo, orelhas levemente giradas posteriormente, pele e cabelos ressecados, ectrodactilia e sindactilia bilateral de pés e mãos. Na avaliação odontológica nota-se presença de dentição mista, agenesia dental, anomalia de forma dentária, padrão esquelético classe III, má oclusão, doença cárie e comprometimento endodôntico de um dente. Resultados: Apesar das malformações nos membros a paciente tinha boa coordenação motora e foi orientada quanto à higienização bucal. Em seguida, prosseguiu-se à realização dos tratamentos. A paciente segue em acompanhamento. Conclusões: É necessário que pacientes com EEC sejam acompanhados de maneira precoce e periódica, por uma equipe multidisciplinar devido às mal formações decorrentes da síndrome.
Cisto do canal de Nuck: Um relato de caso
Authors: Yamamoto Gizelly Ayumi , Machado Magali da Silva Sanches , Bandeira Mariana Malheiro Negrão , De Souza Claudio Kleber Juiz , Falcão Juliano Seger , Pontes Henrique Budib Dorsa , Tsukamoto Augusto Bulegon , Dos Santos Kilder Carmo
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Nuck canal cyst is a rare condition that occurs due to the patency of the vaginal process in women, manifesting as indirect inguinal hernia. Clinically, it presents as a tumor in the inguinal region, which can extend to the labia majora. Case report: we present a report of a young female patient who was admitted to the emergency room with severe pain associated with tumoration in the left inguinal and umbilical region, with suspected incarcerated umbilical and/or femoral hernia, having undergone emergency surgery. Conclusion: Due to the rarity of the case, little is known about it, since there are few reports in the literature, and therefore it is often undiagnosed.
Fatores de risco e sua influência na Síndrome Metabólica: Uma revisão narrativa da literatura
Authors: Maciag Gisele Marlene , De Freitas Daniel Mendes , Saraiva Luciana Moreira , De Souza Luana Claudia , Nunes Raissa Salgado , Silva Flávia Santos , Razoni Fabrício Abdon , Viana Giovana Pereira , Siqueira Marcos Laércio Rabelo , Araújo Grazielly da Silva , Gomes Gabriela Moreno
Published: October 2024

Objective: To analyze risk factors and their influence on Metabolic Syndrome. Literature Review: METABOLIC SYNDROME (MS) represents a set of risk factors of metabolic origin that promote the development of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Regardless of the group or entity that defines MS, the risk factors, that is, the components adopted for its definition, are practically the same. The following components are included: obesity (especially abdominal obesity), high blood pressure levels, glucose metabolism disorders, and hypertriglyceridemia and/or low levels of HDL cholesterol. Final considerations: It is noteworthy that dietary factors can play a fundamental role both in the individual components and in the prevention and control of MS. Recent data associate the presence of MS with lower consumption of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. There is a close relationship between these foods and dietary fiber, and it is likely that soluble fibers are more directly related to these effects
Conectando jovens com a literatura: Uma análise das práticas pedagógicas e seus impactos
Authors: Fim Luciana Carvalho dos Reis
Published: October 2024

This study addresses the distancing of high school students from Literature and the effectiveness of current pedagogical practices in teaching this field. The justification for the research stems from the growing perception that Literature, often approached in a fragmented and academic way, cannot engage students as it should. The main objective is to analyze how pedagogical practices influence the formation of readers and to explore alternatives to improve the engagement of young people with literary texts. To achieve these objectives, the methodology adopted included a theoretical review of the contributions of scholars such as Calvino and Todorov, in addition to the analysis of prevalent pedagogical practices. The research examines how these practices impact students' perception of Literature and evaluates the effectiveness of different educational approaches. The results show that current pedagogical approaches often lead to students' disinterest, highlighting the need for a reformulation of teaching strategies. The research suggests that more interactive and contextualized methods can improve young people's engagement with Literature and enrich their cultural and critical formation. It is concluded that a review of pedagogical practices is essential to revitalize students' interest in Literature and strengthen their connection with cultural heritage.
Antigas e novas amizades de imigrantes latino-americanos
Authors: De Oliveira Mariana Sarro Pereira
Published: October 2024

In view of the growth of international migration, including in Latin America, the present investigation aimed to analyze the history of old and new friendships of Latin American immigrants throughout their lives in the new country (Brazil, other Latin American countries, Spain and Portugal). More specifically, it was intended to investigate how recent migration affects existing friendships and the formation of new ones, with people of any nationality and culture. 40 immigrants participated in this descriptive-qualitative study (70% women and 50% between 30 and 39 years old), divided into four groups: A) 20 Latin Americans who lived in Brazil; B) three Brazilians who lived in another Latin American country; C) 12 Brazilians who lived in Spain; and D) five Brazilians who lived in Portugal. The instrument used was a questionnaire with open questions, sent and received by e-mail, producing written reports. In total, direct contacts were made by e-mail with national and international universities and educational institutions, as well as by messages on social networks with approximately 1,000 people, between August 2014 and January 2016. A detailed analysis of the data was conducted with a coding process (interpretation of the statements), and subsequent organization of the material into categories, based on qualitative content analysis. The main results of the study pointed out that most of the close friends are of the same gender and of the same nationality, and most of them reside in the country of origin of the immigrant. The ties in the immigrant's country of origin are close friendships, of many years, whose main means of contact are Facebook, Skype, WhatsApp, telephone, e-mail, internet and in person, and the frequency of contacts varies from daily to monthly. According to the participants, it is very good to see friends from their home country, with the most common shared activities being eating or going to restaurants, drinking or going to bars and staying at home. Both old (compatriots) and new friends (usually natives of the new country or other immigrants) are important in the process of migration from one culture to another. The beginning of friendships in the new country happens, for the most part, in the academic environment, through other friends and through relatives. Finally, Latin American immigrants in Brazil and Brazilians in other Latin American countries demonstrated a mostly positive view of natives before establishing friendships with them; and Brazilian immigrants in Spain and Portugal a negative view.
Biodiversidade faunistica coletada em 3 locais diferentes com pelo menos 10 espécies de insetos
Authors: De Lima Silvio Cesar Gomes , De Araújo Roberto Carlos Moreira , Feitosa Nataly Araújo , Gomes Sabrina Bernardo
Published: October 2024

Taxonomy, Systematics, and Phylogeny are important fields of study in the context of Biological Sciences. Studying biodiversity as well as understanding the evolutionary relationships between taxa is of fundamental importance. The objective of the present work is to demonstrate the presence of several species of insects, particularly mosquitoes, collected in the 2024.1 semester, by students of the mandatory discipline of General Systematics and Phylogênia (TA 464) as a practical part of the discipline's activities mediated by Academic Monitoring. The students of the discipline of General Systematics and Phylogeny (TA 464), due to the practical work carried out throughout the 2024.1 semester, postulate that it is a matter of time for the arrival of oropouche fever in the city of Tauá due to the faunal biodiversity of mosquitoes in the city and the fact that BR 020 serves as a "corridor" for the entry and exit of humans and mosquitoes transported by motor vehicles circulating 24 hours a day. day on BR 020. Stressing that interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary measures must be taken to minimize the impact on the population. As well as new research should be carried out with partnerships between CECITEC and LACEN/Tauá.
VACCINATION OF PATIENTS IN A NEIGHBORHOOD OF FORTALEZA: A SURVEY STUDY
Authors: Silva Ana Beatriz Ramalho Leite , Bezerra Maria Beatriz Pereira , Nobre Nicole Lauren Ramos , Pompeu Theo Marcílio , Campos Jocileide Sales
Published: October 2024

The history of vaccination begins in the eighteenth century, when the first vaccine was developed in the context of smallpox, by Edward Jenner, who demonstrated that by inoculating a contaminated person's secretion into a healthy one, he acquired immunity to the disease, and through these experiments, the first vaccine emerged. . In Brazil, in the twentieth century, Rio de Janeiro faced several epidemics, such as smallpox, plague and yellow fever. As a result, the physician Oswaldo Cruz, in 1904, to combat them, implemented several sanitary measures, among them, the mandatory nature of vaccination. Such an attitude unleashed enormous popular discontent, which became known as the "Vaccine Revolt", in which the population held several protests in the streets, as well as direct combat with armed force, which generated numerous deaths. However, even with several movements against it, it is undeniable that vaccination was one of the most successful public health interventions for the eradication of several diseases. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the vaccination coverage of a region of Fortaleza, the knowledge and popular beliefs about this practice, to investigate the main barriers that hinder vaccination, to assess whether the public measures implemented are sufficient to meet the vaccination goal.
LUHMANN'S SYSTEMS THEORY APPLIED TO DATA PROTECTION IN THE DIGITAL AGE: A MULTIPLE CASE STUDY IN TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES
Authors: Echternacht Tiago Henrique de Souza , Teixeira João Paulo Allain
Published: October 2024

The present work aimed to analyze the application of Niklas Luhmann's Systems Theory in data protection in the digital age, identifying its contributions to the understanding and regulation of this field in technology organizations. It sought to present the concepts of Niklas Luhmann's Systems Theory, as well as the principles of data protection in the digital age and the intersection between these two areas. The methodology used was the documentary analysis and the study of multiple cases, carried out in documents available on the internet of technology organizations selected according to their relevance in the sector. Thus, the following organizations were chosen: Google, which makes its data protection measures available through documents such as Google Privacy Policy , Google Safety Center , and Google Cloud Compliance; Microsoft, with its data protection measures set forth in the Microsoft Privacy Statement , Microsoft Purview Compliance Manager , and Microsoft 365 Guidance for Security & Compliance; Netflix, which provides information on security and privacy best practices for data protection in its Netflix Partner Help Center ; and Cisco, which, through the Cisco Trust Center and Cisco Security, provides documents related to data privacy. The research concluded that Luhmann's theory, with its concepts of autopoiesis, operational closure, self-referentiality, communication, structural coupling, interpenetrations, and allopoiesis, provides a robust framework for understanding how these companies manage and protect user data.
SYSTEMIC PRACTICE IN ACTION: TRANSFORMING THE COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT OF ARTISANAL FISHING IN CAMETÁ
Authors: Soares Jean Louchard Ferreira , Simões Aquiles , Flores Maria do Socorro Almeida
Published: October 2024

The municipality of Cametá has a thriving economy based on artisanal fishing and açaí extractivism. On the other hand, several social, economic and ecological problems are reported and experienced by residents. Among the main causes of these problems is the proximity to two major economic projects (Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant and the Albras-Alunorte Complex). They are also about to suffer from the impacts of the implementation of the Tocantins-Araguaia Waterway, with the implosion of the Pedral do Lourenço and dredging of the Tocantins River. Conflicts are also issues present within the fishing territory of Espírito Santo and have been gaining prominence in recent decades, they refer to the struggles of traditional communities for the realization and recognition of their rights. In this context, with a state of crisis in the use of fishing resources and as a strategy for permanence in their spaces, communities are developing a new way of thinking, adapting to the new socio-environmental conditions imposed. The fisheries agreement appears to be one of the central elements in reducing the pressures on local fisheries resources. In order to understand that the community-based management of artisanal fisheries behaves as a complex and interconnected system, it is necessary to consider a systemic approach, based on the study and understanding of the interactions that occur between the different local social actors. To this end, the work seeks to understand how the fishing agreement can drive the systematic transformation in the community management of artisanal fishing in the municipality of Cametá to resist contemporary pressures and uncertainties and boost local development. As a result, it seeks to understand the current paradigm of governance, in order to define actions, for a systemic transformation, in favor of the development of a new systemically desirable, culturally viable and ethically defensible paradigm for the community management of artisanal fishing in the municipality of Cametá in the State of Pará.
APPLICATION FOR WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS FOR TILAPIA FISH FARMING IN CAGES
Authors: Mastelini Vinícius , Mollo Neto Mario
Published: October 2024

With the ability to ensure food and a source of income for the planet, fish farming and fishing, which are already widely practiced activities around the world, continue to grow all over the globe. The quality of the water for this type of activity is essential. The control of chemical and physical factors of the water can guarantee the success or not of the breeding. There are many ways to analyze water quality, however, not all of them are simple or easy to manage. The growing use of mobile devices has been seeking to facilitate this task, collaborating more and more with these and other activities. In order to corroborate this evolution, the "Water Quality Monitor" application was modeled and developed, with the objective of providing, in a simple, easy and accessible way, relevant information on water quality scenarios for raising Nile tilapia fish, in cage rearing. The application development methodology was based on the Rational Unified Process, focused on objects within the programming and structured by UML diagrams. The final modeling proved to be able to support the construction of an application to meet the expected requirements for the evaluation of water quality, which during its use, allowed the control of chemical and physical factors of the water, ensuring the success of the creation, or indicating mitigating solutions for the necessary corrections to the process, being later validated in a case study.
ENSURING ETHICS IN THE USE OF SENSITIVE DATABASES: A SCOPING REVIEW
Authors: Pereira Leonardo Costa , Pacheco Ana Paula Franco , Brandão Iolanda Bezerra dos Santos , Faria Beatriz dos Santos , Rocha Lucas Dalle , Xavier Lidia de Oliveira , Karnikowski Margo Gomes de Oliveira , Cruz Mariana Sodário
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Despite the legal guidelines, it is necessary to detail the strategies used by controllers and operators of health databases, with a view to directing future studies and to inform institutions involved in the protection of research participants. Objective: To identify the main problems for the protection of patient data and strategies to mitigate the problems pointed out, through a scoping review. Methods: In this study, the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews was followed. The PCC (Population, Concept and Context) strategy was used to formulate our research question: "How to conduct research in health databases, ensuring anonymity and attention to patients?" To identify relevant articles, the following search algorithm was applied: (research or "Research Ethics Committee") and (Ethics) and (technology or responsibility or security for "protecting information" or "Big Data" or "Patient Safety" or "Electronic patient record"). Original articles available in English, Portuguese and Spanish were selected from the Scielo, Pubmed and Scopus databases. The inclusion criteria were: articles that addressed problems and alternatives related to data security, in addition to explaining the origin of the research group. Individual searches were conducted, articles were selected, and agreement between reviewers was verified. The complete reading of the selected articles and the extraction of the data were done with the help of the Mendeley software and the Rayyan website. Results: A total of 947 articles were found. Of these, 88 were duplicates; The reviewers showed 86% (n=815) agreement between the articles that met the inclusion criteria, resulting in a total of 43 articles included. The 43 articles were read in full, in order to apply the exclusion criteria, resulting in the selection of 17 works. The prevalence of the problems identified was focused on the lack of a standardized system that can guarantee the confidentiality and reliability of the data collected. The alternatives to mitigate the problems identified showed prevalence in the implementation of specific legislation, for research involving the use of sensitive databases. Conclusion: The lack of standardized systems to ensure the reliability and confidentiality of the collected data was the main problem identified. As a mitigation strategy, the implementation of specific laws for research that uses sensitive databases was suggested.
LA MULTIDISCIPLINARIEDAD COMO ESTRATEGIA ANTE LA PANDEMIA. DEL EXAMEN ESCOLAR AL EXAMEN DE LA REALIDAD
Authors: Saavedra Gabriela Fernández , Dávila María Oralia Acuña , Álvarez Ana María Vázquez , Zamora Rodrigo Miranda , Flores Beatriz Georgina Montemayor
Published: October 2024

Introducción. La crisis sanitaria (Covid19) ha sido un reto global en el campo de la salud, su impacto en las actividades antropogénicas es innegable, es importante destacar que la pandemia sólo se pudo contener mediante el trabajo multidisciplinario. La multidisciplinariedad y el dominio de los saberes (Morín E.,1999; Delors, 2013), conforman un marco robusto para abordar los problemas complejos. Es necesario hacer una revisión de la información disponible, con la finalidad de identificar en qué fallamos, en qué acertamos y qué adecuaciones e innovaciones son necesarias. El Objetivo de esta investigación es buscar evidencias que respalden la utilidad de la multidisciplinariedad y los saberes en la solución de problemas complejos. Metodología: Se utilizó el buscador Google Académico, seleccionando textos completos, gratuitos, del periodo 2022 a 2024, con las palabras clave: multidisciplinariedad, saberes educativos, saber ser, saber aprender, saber hacer, saber vivir con los demás, pandemia, confinamiento, medicina, y Covid 19. Los documentos que se obtuvieron se analizaron, identificando la evidencia de multidisciplinariedad. Los trabajos duplicados, o sin acceso libre o que no trataban directamente sobre la multidisciplinariedad, fueron descartados. Resultados: La búsqueda arrojó 41 resultados, seleccionamos aquellos que consistentemente mostraran evidencia de Multidisciplinariedad, encontrando 21 experiencias enriquecedoras aún en escenarios muy complejos, resaltando que se requieren habilidades y destrezas, en su conjunto representan los Saberes y éstos son indispensables para avanzar hacia la colaboración multidisciplinaria. Conclusiones: Desde el siglo pasado se impulsó la enseñanza de los saberes para el mundo global y los centros educativos los promovieron, el examen de tales aprendizajes no fue por escrito, el examen fue la realidad, la lección nos muestra que sólo con la colaboración multidisciplinaria se logró contener la pandemia.
PESQUISA EM CONTEXTO AMAZÔNICO E OS DESAFIOS NA CONSTRUÇÃO DE RELAÇÕES SIMÉTRICAS EM SITUAÇÃO DE CONFLITO SOCIOCULTURAL E AMBIENTAL
Authors: Cruz Jocilene Gomes da , Antunes Katiuscia da Silva Auzier , Andrade Andreia Benchimol de
Published: October 2024

Pesquisas em comunidades, sejam elas constituídas por povos indígenas ou populações tradicionais, demandam percursos teóricos-metodológicos que promovam simetrias, relações dialógicas e, principalmente, reconheçam o valor dos diferentes saberes dos agentes sociais, retirando-os da condição de “informantes”, para reconhecê-los como colaboradores. Neste artigo objetivamos refletir sobre as experiências vivenciadas na pesquisa de campo e a adoção da triangulação metodológica em um estudo socioantropológico realizado junto a quatro comunidades indígenas localizadas nas Reservas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Tupé e da Puranga Conquista, no estado do Amazonas. O surgimento dessas comunidades relaciona-se a conflitos envolvendo agentes e agências sociais distintos em torno das atividades turísticas realizadas por elas. A análise dos caminhos percorridos, nos leva a concluir que a percepção da realidade social é mais bem apreendida quando lançamos mão de diferentes estratégias metodológicas e quando consideramos, conforme nos orienta Latour (2012) que as relações e as tramas sociais são composições de uma rede formada por agentes humanos e não humanos, mediante a qual é possível compreender o contexto, no caso específico das comunidades, entender a origem dos conflitos e a permanência deles.
« 50 nuances de kiz » : danse, couleur et silences à Paris et en banlieue parisienne
Authors:   Centre des Savoirs sur le Politique – Recherches et Analyses (EHESS-CNRS), Puccio-Den Deborah
Published: October 2024

Dans cet article, les principes et méthodes de l’ethnographie du silence énoncés dans l’introduction de ce dossier sont mis à l’épreuve d’un terrain empirique : les pratiques dansées de la « kizomba », un tango d’origine angolaise qui a muté en région parisienne donnant lieu à une variante urbaine appelée « Urban Kiz » ou « Urban Mafia ». L’ethnologue expérimente ici les possibilités de mener une enquête ethnographique en mobilisant d’autres ressorts cognitifs, affectifs et sensoriels que la parole. Fermer sa bouche, ouvrir ses yeux, se laisser porter par les sens (toucher, odorat, goût), écouter son corps en se mettant à l’unisson du corps de l’autre – un corps d’une autre couleur – permettent de pénétrer le monde de la « kizomba » et d’en proposer une description « de l’intérieur ». Il s’agit de transformer son ressenti et ses émotions sur le terrain en outils de connaissance prenant en compte, d’un côté, la contrainte de « silence » qui pèse sur l’enquête dans un monde où « on ne raconte pas sa vie », de l’autre, les spécificités de la danse comme objet de recherche anthropologique.
Silences et silenciations dans le rituel impérial byzantin (IXe-XIIe siècle)
Authors:   Laboratoire d’Archéologie Médiévale et Moderne en Méditerranée (Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS), Torres Marie-Emmanuelle
Published: October 2024

À Byzance, le pouvoir impérial se met en scène dans des rituels grandioses, structurés et élargis par une performance sonore. Pour faire ressentir cette autorité donnée directement par Dieu, le rituel se sert des silences. L’empereur devient une icône muette pour dire son statut quasi divin, la cour reconnaît son autorité et affirme sa distinction en se pliant à la norme de silence. La performance est créée, structurée et dramatisée par les contrastes acoustiques. L’acclamation populaire, qui doit légitimer l’empereur, est transformée en voix de silenciation.
Proposal of a Modernized Work Through Analysis of the Sense of Well-Being in the Landscape Paintings of Chinese Writers “Shen Zhou” and “Shi Tao”
Authors: Xiaolin Wang , Kim Yoomi , Kim Yoosun
Published: October 2024

This study explores the potential value of promoting psychological health by analyzing individual well-being through traditional Chinese landscape paintings. Chinese landscape paintings incorporate the natural view and humanistic spirit of the major philosophical ideas of Confucianism, Taoism, and Zen Buddhism in the East. In particular, the landscape paintings of “Shen zhou(沈周)” and “Shi tao(石濤)” convey a feeling of peace and leisure. We explore how works can evoke sense of well-being with the emotional needs of modern people. The research methods include various literature studies, surveys, statistical analyses of Chinese people, and commentary on works created by the researcher by reapplying the sense of well-being in Chinese landscape paintings to modern design. This study finds that the sense of well-being in landscape paintings has a significant effect on improved psychological stability among modern people, thus identifying an opportunity to recognize the value and meaning of traditional art in modern people’s lives. In addition, this study links the modernization and commercialization of traditional works through the researcher’s individual creative works. Furthermore, the researcher reveals the characteristic elements of traditional Chinese landscape paintings and combines them with modern landscape painting techniques. Accordingly, various research-related and creative activities using landscape painting can be conducted that design and provide creative products to promote psychological well-being and vitality among busy modern people.
Modelling and Forecasting the Foreign Aid-Poverty Nexus in Zimbabwe: Empirical Evidence From a Box-Jenkins Arima Approach
Authors: Mutale Japhet , Murape Dr Chricencia
Published: October 2024

This study delves into the impact of foreign aid on economic development and poverty reduction in Zimbabwe, exploring their causal relationship. Despite extensive research on foreign aid's potential to drive development, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of its impact on economic growth in developing countries. This knowledge gap necessitates a rigorous examination of the relationship between foreign aid and expansion in developing nations. The study hypothesizes that foreign aid has no significant impact on economic development and poverty reduction in Zimbabwe. Using Box-Jenkins ARIMA methodology, the study models and forecasts the foreign aid-economic development nexus and poverty reduction in Zimbabwe. The research covers a period of 1961-2021 and provides forecasts till 2031, offering a long-term perspective on the dynamics of aid, economic development, and poverty reduction. The findings suggest that foreign aid has a minimal effect on poverty reduction, which in turn hinders economic development. Adjusting for macroeconomic factors like inflation, the study reveals aid's inefficiency in reducing poverty. The study identifies long-term negative links between economic progress, foreign assistance inflows, and poverty alleviation. Forecasting foreign aid inflows from 2022 to 2031 using ARIMA indicates a modest increase. The results remain consistent across poverty indicators. The study concludes that increased foreign aid does not guarantee improved economic development or poverty reduction in Zimbabwe. It stresses the importance of effective macroeconomic policies and institutional functioning for sustained poverty alleviation. The study contributes to the body of knowledge by providing nuanced insights into the complex relationships between foreign aid, economic development, and poverty reduction in Zimbabwe. It highlights the need for context-specific solutions and effective policy interventions. The findings of this study are crucial for policymakers and stakeholders in Zimbabwe and other developing countries to reassess their approach to foreign aid and its role in achieving economic development and poverty reduction.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE IMMUNE-BOOSTING PREPARATIONS IN PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
Authors: Jasiński Kacper , Oleksa Paulina , Żuraw Daria , Sobczyk Mateusz , Porzak Mikołaj , Sodolska Alicja , Pawłowski Bartosz
Published: October 2024

Respiratory infections are undoubtedly one of the most common diseases that both primary care physicians and specialists working in hospitals have to deal with. The percentage of these diseases is particularly high in children and, depending on the child's age, may range from 6% to even 25%. A major clinical problem is the recurrent nature of these infections and their complications. This results in receiving an increased number of medications that can cause numerous side effects. Overprescription of antibiotics and consequently, increase of antibiotic resistance are also observed. Looking forward, the prevention of the recurrent infections is the key problem.
The aim of our work was to evaluate the efficacy of the most popular preparations available on the pharmaceutical market that can improve immunity and complement conventional methods of treating infections or completely replace them. These include: elderberry, β-Glucans, lactoferrin, colostrum, black cumin preparations, echinacea, propolis, Streptococcus salivarius K12, inosine pranobex, ginseng, OM-85 bacterial lysate. We reviewed the literature from 2012 to 2024 using Pubmed and Google Scholar. The assesment of the effectiveness of preparations for immunity was based primarily on the systematic reviews, meta-analyses and randomised controlled trials.
The above-mentioned preparations are largely characterized by a positive impact on improving the immunity of people supplementing them by activating non-specific immunity mechanisms. Thanks to this, some of the respondents can observe the regulation of the body's inflammatory response and, consequently, a decrease in the number of infections and their course. Due to the still insufficient number of studies on these preparations and the discrepancies in the results obtained among authors, further researches are needed to take a clear stance on their effectiveness.
Review of the effects of sodium butyrate on obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy and colorectal cancer
Authors: Flegiel Ewelina , Piotrowska Magdalena , Ptasznik Magdalena , Baran Aleksandra , Lenart Justyna , Podrażka Miłosz , Mazurek Joanna , Stachowicz Hubert , Bartos Weronika , Adamczyk Monika
Published: October 2024

Introduction and Purpose: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including butyric acid, acetic acid and propionic acid, are naturally produced in the large intestine by bacterial fermentation of insoluble carbohydrates and oligosaccharides. Butyric acid, which is the main source of energy for colon cells, has regenerative, cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Its physiological importance lies in maintaining the integrity and function of the intestinal epithelium, which protects the body against pathogens and oxidative stress. SCFA deficiencies resulting from low dietary fiber supply can lead to intestinal disorders. Supplementation with sodium butyrate, particularly using micro-encapsulation technology, enables efficient delivery of butyric acid to the gut, which may be beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and in the prevention of obesity and insulin resistance. Sodium butyrate (NaB) also has promising potential in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), inducing apoptosis of cancer cells, increasing sensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy and protecting healthy cells. SCFAs, especially butyrate, play a key role in reproductive medicine, oncology and gastroenterology, contributing to the maintenance of health and being potential therapeutic targets. The aim of this paper is to review the available literature on this topic.
Material and methods: The review was based on articles obtained from PubMed scientific database published from 2014-2024, using the following keywords: sodium butyrate, obesity, pregnancy, inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, SCFA.
Conclusions: Studies confirm the beneficial effects of sodium butyrate on metabolism, intestinal integrity and reduction of inflammation, opening up new possibilities in the treatment of metabolic disorders and intestinal diseases. However, further clinical studies conducted on humans are still needed, as most of the work to date has been conducted on mice and/or rats.
Is an acute overdose of zolpidem fatal?
Authors: Camlet Katarzyna , Kocur Kinga , Ziomek Mateusz , Ziobro Anna , Jurek Jakub , Lis Anna , Lis Paulina , Kaźmierski Wojciech
Published: October 2024

Zolpidem, widely prescribed for short-term management of insomnia, is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent. It carries a high potential for abuse and an elevated risk of suicide. Overdose generally results in mild central nervous system depression, though severe outcomes are possible when co-ingested with other CNS depressants. Standard treatments include gastric lavage, flumazenil administration, and intravenous fluids.
This case report describes a 66-year-old female admitted after an apparent suicidal ingestion of approximately 200 mg of zolpidem. Upon admission, she was unconscious, with bradypnea and hypotension, scoring 5 on the Glasgow Coma Scale. Gastric lavage and N-acetylcysteine were administered due to elevated liver enzymes suggesting concomitant paracetamol poisoning, which was confirmed by urine tests. Flumazenil temporarily improved her condition, and she was subsequently transferred to the Intensive Care Unit for mechanical ventilation. Her clinical status stabilized, leading to extubation on the second day and transfer to the Psychiatry Unit.
This case highlights the critical need for timely intervention and continuous monitoring in zolpidem overdose scenarios, particularly when polypharmacy is involved. In instances of respiratory failure following zolpidem overdose, it is imperative to investigate the potential co-ingestion of additional substances.
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors In Heart Failure
Authors: Kaźmierski Wojciech , Jurek Jakub , Lis Paulina , Lis Anna , Ziobro Anna , Ziomek Mateusz , Camlet Katarzyna , Kocur Kinga
Published: October 2024

Heart failure (HF) is a serious problem in a modern world, with increasing prevalence among ageing populations. The use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, originally intended to treat type 2 diabetes, has revolutionised the treatment of HF. In this review article, we present the latest evidence on the mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors, also called flosins, in HF. The primary mechanism of action of flosins is to reduce glucose reabsorption from glomerular filtration in the proximal renal tubule with a concomitant reduction in sodium reabsorption, leading to urinary glucose excretion and osmotic diuresis. Based on experimental findings, several pleiotropic effects of SGLT2 inhibitors have been proposed. Mechanisms also include regulation of inflammatory and oxidative pathways along with improved endothelial function. Recent multicentre studies of SGLT2 inhibitors have shown that they reduce hospitalisations for heart failure after their use, regardless of type 2 diabetes and the degree of cardiac systolic dysfunction.
INCLISIRAN - A NEW SOLUTION FOR THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Authors: Lis Paulina , Lis Anna , Kaźmierski Wojciech , Jurek Jakub , Ziomek Mateusz , Kocur Kinga , Ziobro Anna , Camlet Katarzyna
Published: October 2024

Główną przyczyną zachorowalności i śmiertelności na świecie jest miażdżycowa choroba sercowo-naczyniowa (ASCVD), której częstość występowania w ciągu ostatnich kilku dziesięcioleciach istotnie wzrasta. Podwyższony poziom cholesterolu lipoprotein o małej gęstości (LDL-C) jest jednym z najważniejszych modyfikowalnych czynników ryzyka związanych z rozwojem ASCVD. Obniżenie stężenia LDL-C jest istotnym działaniem w pierwotnej i wtórnej profilaktyce zdarzeń sercowo-naczyniowych u pacjentów z ASCVD lub z ryzykiem ASCVD. Inklisiran to nowy preparat, zawierający małe interferujące RNA (siRNA), który hamuje wytwarzanie białka PCSK9 w wątrobie. Zmniejszenie produkcji PCSK 9 prowadzi do obniżenia stężenia LDL-C, poprzez zwiększenie powstawania receptorów, które odpowiadają za wychwyt LDL-C, co skutkuje zwiększonym wychwytem LDL-C, a w konsekwencji obniżeniem stężenia LDL-C we krwi. W niniejszym przeglądzie narracyjnym omówiono wpływ inklisiranu na stężenie LDL-C, celem oceny skuteczności działania, bezpieczeństwa stosowania oraz tolerowania dawek leku. Badania potwierdzają, że inklisiran jest skutecznym i bezpiecznym lekiem obniżającym stężenie LDL-C, zmniejszającym ryzyko ASCVD. Inklisiran jest kolejnym postępowaniem w standardach leczenia obniżającego stężenie LDL-C u pacjentów z ASCVD lub wysokim ryzykiem ASCVD.
Adaptability of clinical pharmacist led interventions in the management of anemia of chronic renal disease: optimizing care
Authors: B S Girish , R Srinivasan , Joel M. Johns  , C S Meghana
Published: October 2024

Renal anemia is a common comorbidity in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, typically treated with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) like erythropoietin. However, both over- and under-treatment are prevalent. In 2008, the Pharmacy Council of India introduced the Pharm.D course to enhance pharmaceutical care in clinical settings. While extensive studies in other countries highlight the benefits of clinical pharmacists' interventions, Indian research on this topic is limited. This prospective randomized controlled trial included CKD patients not on dialysis, with serum creatinine levels of 2-6 mg/dL and hemoglobin (Hb) levels below 12 g/dL. Participants were divided into three subgroups based on baseline Hb levels: < 10 g/dL (Group I), 10-12 g/dL (Group II), and >12 g/dL (Group III). ESAs and iron supplements were adjusted to maintain Hb levels of 10-12 g/dL. Quality of life was assessed using the Short Form Health Survey-36 questionnaire. Out of 448 participants, those in the pharmacist intervention group showed a significant shift towards Group II by the trial's end, compared to the control group. The study demonstrated a significant improvement in quality of life and physical performance, particularly for those in Group II, indicating that maintaining Hb levels at 10-12 g/dL is optimal for Indian CKD patients. This trial exemplifies the profound impact clinical pharmacists can have on patient care, highlighting their crucial role in improving healthcare outcomes through active participation and targeted interventions in clinical settings.
Sodium bicarbonate - known medication, new prospects?
Authors: Lis Anna , Lis Paulina , Kaźmierski Wojciech , Kocur Kinga , Camlet Katarzyna , Jurek Jakub , Ziomek Mateusz , Ziobro Anna
Published: October 2024

Critical conditions frequently involve disturbances in blood gas analysis and electrolyte imbalances. Sodium bicarbonate has seen expanded medical use in recent years. The European Resuscitation Council (ERC) Guidelines endorse sodium bicarbonate for hyperkalemia, malignant hyperthermia, and specific drug intoxications. Its potential roles in treating intracranial hypertension and symptomatic hyponatremia are also being explored. However, its application in emergency departments (ED) remains inconsistent, particularly in profound metabolic acidosis cases. We conducted a review of sodium bicarbonate’s therapeutic uses. The evolving understanding of sodium bicarbonate's role in emergency medicine and intensive care highlights both its potential applications and associated risks. While not universally beneficial, especially in lactic acidosis, it may aid specific patient subgroups, such as those with acute kidney injury. Its use in hyperkalemia, intracranial hypertension and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) also presents mixed results, with potential benefits in particular contexts. Further large-scale, randomized controlled trials are needed to develop precise guidelines, ensuring its safe and effective use tailored to individual patient needs.
Mirikizumab – a new option in treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Olszewski Jakub , Kozon Katarzyna , Sitnik Magdalena , Herjan Katarzyna , Mikołap Karolina , Gastoł Bartłomiej , Bara Maciej , Armański Piotr , Sawczuk Marcin
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Mirikizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the p19 subunit of interleukin IL-23. Over the past few years, it has been the subject of clinical trials as a potential new treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Additionally, mirikizumab has been investigated in clinical trials as a potential treatment for plaque psoriasis. The results of clinical trials for mirikizumab in treating ulcerative colitis led to its approval in the European Union, the United States, Canada, and Japan for treating adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. Despite promising clinical trial results, mirikizumab has not yet been approved for the treatment of Crohn's disease. This review focuses on summarizing the findings from clinical trials of mirikizumab in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Information is sourced from scientific papers available on PubMed,  by searching for "mirikizumab" and “IL-23” and published to march 2024, as well as from published results of clinical trials concerning mirikizumab.
KEYWORDS: mirikizumab, IL-23, ulcerative colitis
ВОЗРАСТНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ВЕГЕТАТИВНО-РЕГУЛЯТОРНОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ МОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ ПУБЕРТАТНОГО ПЕРИОДА У ЗДОРОВЫХ ПОДРОСТКОВ
Authors: Антонова Людмила Кузьминична , Кушнир Семен Михайлович
Published: October 2024

Введение. Известно, что к подростковому возрасту основные нейрогуморальные механизмы вегетативной регуляции считаются завершенными. Однако без понимания возрастной эволюции вегетативного гомеостаза дать объективную оценку соответствия его уровня характеристикам пубертатных процессов не представляется возможным. Цель исследования. Выявить закономерности динамических изменений в системе вегетативного гомеостаза у детей на этапах постнатального онтогенеза для определения степени адекватности процессов управления морфофункциональными преобразованиями периода полового созревания. Материалы и методы. Всего обследовано 145 здоровых детей: 44 подростка 13–17 лет составили основную группу, 101 ребенок от 1 года жизни до 13 лет вошли в группу сравнения. В работе использовался метод анализа вариабельности сердечного ритма. Результаты. В статье представлены данные о динамических изменениях в системе вегетативного гомеостаза, заключающихся в переходе от преобладания централизации у детей раннего возраста к доминированию управляющей автономии в подростковой популяции. Выводы. Выявленная закономерность — основа постнатального онтогенетического развития вегетативно-регуляторных механизмов по формированию оптимального уровня управления морфофункциональными преобразовательными процессами пубертатного периода.

Background. It is known that by adolescence, the basic neurohumoral mechanisms of autonomic regulation are considered complete. However, without understanding the age-related evolution of vegetative homeostasis, it is not possible to give an objective assessment of the  correspondence of its level to the characteristics of pubertal processes. Purposes. To identify the patterns of dynamic changes in the system of vegetative homeostasis in children at the stages of postnatal ontogenesis to determine the degree of adequacy of the processes of controlling morphofunctional transformations of puberty. Materials and methods. A total of 145 healthy children were examined: 44 adolescents aged 13–17 made up the main group, 101 children from 1 year of age to 13 years were included in the comparison group. In this work, the method of heart rate variability analysis was used. Results. The article presents data on dynamic changes in the system of vegetative homeostasis, consisting in the transition from the predominance of centralization in young children to the dominance of controlling autonomy in the adolescent population. Conclusion. The revealed regularity is the basis of the postnatal ontogenetic development of vegetative-regulatory mechanisms for the formation of the optimal level of control of morphofunctional transformed processes of puberty.
КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ РЕБЕНКА С САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ 1-го ТИПА С ПОСЛЕДУЮЩИМ РАЗВИТИЕМ ЭНЦЕФАЛОПАТИИ
Authors: Евдокимова Нина Викторовна , Тимофеев Алексей Алексеевич , Завьялова Анна Никитична , Яковлева Милена Николаевна , Скобелева Кристина Владимировна
Published: October 2024

Цель работы — обзор клинического случая ребенка с сахарным диабетом 1-го типа (СД1) с выраженным нарушением когнитивных способностей из-за развития диабетической энцефалопатии. Проведен анализ предшествующих факторов манифестации СД1 у ребенка, вследствие которых на фоне длительно протекавшей гипергликемии и дефицита инсулина случился метаболический ацидоз с последующим осложнением в виде диабетической энцефалопатии (ДЭ). Дальнейшие метаболические и гипоксические изменения в организме ребенка привели к снижению когнитивных функций. ДЭ является характерным осложнением СД1 у детей, поскольку ее развитие обусловлено преимущественно неэффективным метаболическим контролем, а также некорректно подобранной терапией. Была проведена оценка антропометрических данных и лабораторных показателей до и после корректировки лечения СД1.

The aim of the work was to review a clinical case of a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) with severe cognitive impairment due to the development of diabetic encephalopathy. The analysis of the preceding factors of the manifestation of DM1 in a child is carried out, as a result of which, against the background of prolonged hyperglycemia and insulin defi ciency, there was an increase in metabolic acidosis with a subsequent complication in the form of diabetic encephalopathy (DE). Subsequent metabolic and hypoxic changes in the child’s body led to a decrease in cognitive functions.DE is a characteristic complication of DM1 in children, since its development is mainly due to ineff ective metabolic control, as well as incorrectly selected therapy. An assessment of anthropometric data, as well as laboratory parameters, was carried out before and after adjusting the treatment of DM1.