bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aplikasi membran ultrafiltrasi termodifikasi untuk penyediaan air bersih layak konsumsi di Desa Jambu Burung Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Mirwan Agus , Wicakso Doni Rahmat , Ghofur Abdul , Nata Iryanti Fatyasari
Published: July 2020

Jambu Burung merupakan salah satu desa di wilayah Kecamatan Beruntung Baru Kabupaten Banjar Kalimantan Selatan dengan lingkup wilayah disekitar bantaran sungai dan pesisir pantai yang belum memiliki akses air bersih dari perusahaan daerah air minum. Selama ini, masyarakat terbiasa menggunakan air sungai dan air sumur untuk kebutuhan sehari-hari dengan kondisi masih jauh dari layak untu dikonsumsi. Teknologi membran ultrafiltrasi memiliki beberapa keunggulan diantaranya dapat memisahkan spesifikasi kimia secara spesifik, beroperasi pada suhu ambient, tidak destruktif, hemat energi, dan tidak mencemari lingkungan. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan teknologi membran ultrafiltrasi termodifikasi untuk menghasilkan air bersih layak konsumsi bagi masyarakat Desa Jambu Burung. Teknologi yang diaplikasikan terdiri dari rangkaian modul membran, empat buah filter sedimen polipropilen, dan pompa sehingga prosesnya sederhana, praktis, mudah dioperasikankan, dan mudah dipindah-tempatkan (mobile). Hasil analisis kualitas air melalui proses membran ultrafiltrasi termodifikasi berdasarkan parameter fisika dan kimia menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada bau, 112 mg/L total zat padat terlarut (TDS), kekeruhan 2 NTU, warna 0,0135 TCu, suhu 27,2 oC, daya hantar listrik 103 µs/cm, pH 6,74. Sedangkan kesadahan, besi, mangan, zat organik, dan total fosfat, serta total bakteri koliform menunjukkan angka nol dan diartikan semua parameter telah memenuhi baku mutu yang disyaratkan dalam Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia nomor 492 tahun 2010.Kata kunci: air sungai, air sumur, air bersih, baku mutu, membran ultrafiltrasi termodifikasi
ARQUEOLOGIA E O PROBLEMA DO CANIBALISMO: Contribuições Interdisciplinares
Authors: Silva Joadson Vagner
Published: July 2020

Este artigo apresenta um conjunto de conceitos arqueológicos que tratam da necessidade de relações interdisciplinares na formulação de modelos interpretativos sobre a prática do canibalismo como parte integrante, não exclusiva, dos modos de vida das populações pré-históricas. A partir do conceito de Bioarqueologia, foi observada a necessária interdisciplinaridade com estudos da Antropologia e da Biologia para tornar verificável cientificamente os traços da prática da ingestão do corpo humano – ou partes – no contexto arqueológico. Os vestígios dessa prática podem estar dentro do ciclo funerário ou em contextos de descarte ou extra-funerários, cuja percepção é complexa.ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE PROBLEM OF CANNIBALISM: Interdisciplinary ContributionsABSTRACTThis article presents a set of Archaeology concepts that deals with the need for interdisciplinary relations in the formulation of interpretive models on the practice of cannibalism as an integral, non exclusive, way of life of the prehistoric. From a concept of Bioarchaeology, the necessary interdisciplinarity was observed with studies of Anthropology and Biology to make the traces of the practice of eating the human body – or parts – in the archaeological context scientifically verifiable. The vestiges of this practice can be within the funerary cycle or in contexts of discarding or extra-funeral, whose perception is complex.Keywords: Cannibalism, Bioarchaeology, Ethnography, interdisciplinarity.
SIMILARIDADES E DIFERENÇAS GRÁFICAS NAS CENAS DE CAÇA NA ÁREA ARQUEOLÓGICA SERRA DA CAPIVARA
Authors: Cisneiros Daniela , Borges Leonardo De Morais
Published: July 2020

Este artigo fornece um estudo das cenas de caça nos sítios com registros rupestres do Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara. Em decorrência da persistência dos registros rupestres no tempo, estes apresentam um caráter dinâmico. O corpus graficus de um sítio está sujeito a um fluxo contínuo de alterações dadas muitas vezes por adição de novos grafismos em sobreposição ou em interação com outros. Com o objetivo de identificar similaridades e diferenças gráficas nas cenas de caça, a presente pesquisa partiu da análise temática e cenográfica dos elementos (zoomorfos e antropomorfos) contidos nessas cenas. Os resultados destacam diferenças na execução gráfica de elementos contidos em uma mesma cena. SIMILARITIES AND GRAPHIC DIFFERENCES IN THE HUNTING SCENES AT SERRA DA CAPIVARA ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREAABSTRACTThis paper provides a study of the scenes of hunting in the sites with rock art of Serra da Capivara National Park. Due to the persistence of the rock art in time, these present a dynamic character. The corpus graficus of a site is subject to a continuous flow of changes often given by the addition of new overlapping graphics or in interaction with others. With the objective of identifying similarities and graphic differences in hunting scenes, the present research started from the thematic and scenographic analysis of the elements (zoomorphic and antropomorphic) contained in the scenes. The results highlight differences in the graphical execution of elements contained in the same scene.Keywords: Rock Art, Serra da Capivara National Park; Hunting scenes
ANÁLISE QUÍMICO-MINERALÓGICA DE OCRES E A BUSCA POR CORRELAÇÕES ARQUEOLÓGICAS COM OS PIGMENTOS DE PINTURAS RUPESTRES DO SÍTIO PEDRA DO CANTAGALO I
Authors: Da Silva Heralda Kelis Sousa , Cavalcante Luis Carlos Duarte , Fabris José Domingos
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho foi devotado à análise arqueométrica de ocres vermelhos e amarelos do sítio arqueológico Pedra do Cantagalo I, Piripiri, Piauí. Prospecções foram efetuadas nas proximidades do abrigo rochoso, no interesse particular de se identificar jazidas fontes dos pigmentos minerais das pinturas rupestres. A composição químico-mineralógica dos ocres foi correlacionada com os dados correspondentes aos dos materiais minerais oriundos das jazidas do entorno e das camadas de tintas das pinturas rupestres das superfícies areníticas decoradas do sítio. Os resultados obtidos mostram evidências de que os ocres fontes dos pigmentos das pinturas rupestres foram originalmente enriquecidos, na preparação arqueológica, por concentração das espécies oxídicas ferruginosas e aluminosas, às expensas da redução quantitativa dos minerais silicatados, do material precursor diretamente retirado das jazidas.CHEMICAL-MINERALOGICAL ANALYSIS OF OCHRES AND THE SEARCH FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL CORRELATIONS WITH THE PIGMENTS OF RUPESTRIAN PAINTINGS OF THE SITE PEDRA DO CANTAGALO IABSTRACTThis archaeometric work was devoted to the chemical-mineralogical characterization of red and yellow ochres of the archaeological site Pedra do Cantagalo I, Piripiri, Piauí. Field surveys were made in the neighboring of the rocky shelter, seeking for any apparent evidence signalizing the mineral source of such mineral pigments. The chemicalmineralogical composition of the ochres was correlated with corresponding data obtained from analyzing the nature of the minerals from the surrounding deposits and from the paint layers of the rupestrian paintings on the decorated sandstone surfaces of this archaeological site. The results for the ochres fairly show clear evidence that the ferruginous phases, as well as aluminum-containing minerals, were prepared for the enrichment in iron oxides, apparently at the expense of the removal of silicate minerals, from the material withdrawn from the deposits.Keywords: Ochres; Mössbauer spectroscopy; Archaeometry.
MISSÕES RELIGIOSAS IBÉRICAS NA PARAÍBA COLONIAL. Atividades historiográficas e prospecções arqueológicas dos antigos redutos missioneiros
Authors: Santos Juvandi De Souza , Assis Lucas Ramon Porto de
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo configura-se como a culminância dum longo processo investigativo acerca da história colonial da Paraíba, especificamente acerca das missões religiosas e fazendas jesuítas que se estabeleceram no território da Parahyba do Norte. Foram identificadas, através de trabalho histórico-arqueológico, trinta e sete missões, distribuídas entre sete ordens religiosas, além de dez fazendas de gado jesuíticas. Configurou-se demasiado importante a interconexão entre ambas estas áreas do conhecimento, história e arqueologia histórica, uma vez que, juntas, elas muito bem serviram ao objetivo primordial do trabalho, que era de efetivamente catalogar, dentro das possibilidades, todos os aldeamentos missioneiros estabelecidos em território paraibano.IBERIAN RELIGIOUS MISSIONS IN COLONIAL PARAÍBA. Historiographical activities and archaeological surveys of the old missionary strongholds ABSTRACTThe present article is the culmination of a long investigative process regarding the colonial history of Paraíba, specifically about the Religious Missions and Jesuit Farms that were established in the territory of Parahyba do Norte. Thirty-seven missions were identified through historical-archaeological work, distributed amongst seven Religious Orders, as well as ten Jesuit cattle Farms. The interconnection between both these fields of knowledge, History and Historical Archeology was very important, since, together, they very well served the primary purpose of the work, which was to, effectively, catalogue, within the possibilities, every one of the Missions stablished in the territory of ParaíbaKeywords: Religious missions; historical archeology; colonial Paraíba.
CONTEXTOS TEMPORAIS EM SÍTIOS DE PINTURAS RUPESTRES, EM MORRO DO CHAPÉU, BAHIA
Authors: Etchevarne Carlos , Lage Maria Conceição Soares Meneses , Farias Filho Benedito Batista , Santos Francisco Eroni Paz dos
Published: July 2020

A determinação de demarcadores cronológicos em sítios de pinturas rupestres tem sido um dos objetivos fundamentais dos arqueólogos que trabalham nesse campo da Arqueologia. Em Morro do Chapéu, Bahia, às características limitantes dos vestígios, impedindo a aplicação de métodos tradicionais de datação, soma-se, a escassa acumulação de solos, que resultam em pouca profundidade e parcos artefatos acumulados. O achado de blocos de pigmentos dentro de fogueiras datadas, no Sítio Toca da Figura, proporciona condições impares para proporcionar um ponto temporal, tanto procurado. O uso de métodos analíticos da área Arqueometria tornou possível um quadro de vinculações entre as figuras representadas no painel do abrigo e os blocos de pigmentos das fogueiras.TEMPORAL CONTEXTS IN ROCK PAINTINGS SITES IN MORRO DO CHAPEU, BAHIAABSTRACTThe definitions of chronological markers of painting on rock art in Archeological sites, has been one of fundamental aiming for all searchers that work in Archeology. In Morro do Chapéu-Ba, limited features of traces are the main reason that make difficult to use traditional methods. In addition, it worst with shallow depth soil, resulting scarce and poor artefacts. However, the finding of pigment blocks inside of campfire in the Toca da Figura, provides exceptional opportunity to determine when it was done. The use of analytical methods from Archeometry became possible to build a frame of links between pictures painted on the panel and the pigment blocks of campfire.Keywords: Rock painting; Chapada Diamantina / BA; Archeometry.
SIL Modeling of Shunt Harmonics Active Filter
Authors: Dhiman Shweta , Gupta A. , Chandle J.
Published: July 2020

The evolution in semiconducting devices has introduced flexible control on a system but it has also penetrated harmonics in the grid, which results in extra electrical stress and load. Limiting the presence of harmonics in the grid and low power factor maintained by consumers has become of utmost priority to the power system analyst. Hence, the need for Active Filter emerges. Here, a real-time simulation, in dSPACE- Targetlink, of shunt harmonics active filter is propounded. The possible basic control strategy used in the simulation is ”Instantaneous Power Theory”. Control logic of two features of Active Filter viz., Global Harmonics Elimination, and Reactive Power Compensation are produced in the paper. The results obtained in ”Software In Loop Mode” of dSPACE are discussed and verified in detail. The richness of the code generated by the dSPACE- Target link can be reasoned by observing the results which are well aligned with the industrial standards regarding the harmonics.
Derivation of Time and Spatial Decaying of Schrodinger Equation Using Maxwell Electric Equation to Describe Scattering in Some Physical Systems
Authors: Saad Zoalnoon Ahmed Abeid Allah , Mohammed Lutfi , Moammed HassabAllah , Dirar Mubarak
Published: July 2020

Maxwell equation for the electric field has been solved for any medium by suggesting the wavenumber and angular frequency be complex quantities. This accounts for the field decay by interaction with the medium. This expression for the time and special decay of the electric field in a medium is used to construct a new wave function sensitive to the medium physical properties. This new wave function, unlike the conventional one, differentiates between a beam of particles in a vacuum and that enters a medium which is an attenuated due to the scattering effect. Another expression for time decaying electric field was obtained using Newton’s laws for frictional medium. This expression shows that the electric field diminishes due to friction. Fortunately, this time decaying part of the electric field is typical to that derived from Maxwell’s equations. Finally, a new Schrodinger equation sensitive to the medium properties was derived. This equation, fortunately, describes some scattering processes for Protein scattering, scattering of x-rays, opto-acoustic phonons, and Raman scattering for some materials successfully.
EVALUATION STUDY OF EUCHEUMA COTTONII SPECIES OF SEAWEED CULTIVATION BASED ON OCEANOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS IN PASIEA, BONEGUNU SUBDISTRICT, NORTH BUTON DISTRICT
Authors: Salihin Abdilah , Muhiddin Amir Hamzah , Yasir Inayah
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine the level of land suitability and the area of Eucheuma cottonii in Pasiea waters, to know the dynamics and correlation of oceanographic parameters towards the growth of E. cottonii seaweed. This research was conducted in August-October 2018 in the area of seaweed cultivation in Pasiea waters. The observation station consisted of six stations located in the area of seaweed cultivation. Oceanographic parameters dynamics were measured by oceanographic parameters measured which significantly affected the growth of seaweed species E. cottonii in the form of temperature, salinity, brightness, depth of flow, current velocity, nitrate, and phosphate has been mentioned before which wasthen overlaid on the map maker application to produce a map of the suitability level of E. cottonii seaweed cultivation in Pasiea waters. The results of the spatial analysis showed that the level of Pasiea waters suitability based on oceanographic parameters was in the less suitable category covering 1410 ha and did not match 1 Ha, whereas based on the daily growth rate of E. cottonii the overall research locations were in the excellent category of 1411 ha. The dynamics of oceanographic parameters were still within the range that can be tolerated for the growth of E. cottonii with parameters that correlate to the daily growth rate of salinity, brightness, phosphate, and nitrate.
PERSEPSI DAN POLA ADAPTASI MASYARAKAT TELUK POPOH TERHADAP PERUBAHAN IKLIM
Authors: Isdianto Andik , Luthfi Oktiyas Muzaky
Published: July 2020

Perubahan iklim memberikan dampak yang besar di berbagai negara. Adapun dampak dari terjadinya perubahan iklim adalah bertambahnya intensitas kejadian cuaca ekstrim di suatu wilayah, perubahan pola hujan, serta peningkatan suhu dan permukaan air laut Dampak perubahan iklim dapat memengaruhi keadaan di daratan maupun di pesisir atau laut. Salah satu wilayah di Provinsi Jawa Timur yang terkena dampak perubahan iklim yang mengkhawatirkan adalah wilayah Teluk Popoh yang terletak di Desa Besole, Kecamatan Besuki, Kabupaten Tulungagung, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Kerusakan yang terjadi di perairan pantai Sidem berupa perubahan garis pantai yang disebabkan oleh bertambah tingginya permukaan air laut serta adanya aliran sungai Neyama yang langsung bermuara di pantai Sidem, Teluk Popoh. Hal lain yang disebabkan oleh perubahan garis pantai di Teluk Popoh adalah rusaknya sumberdaya alam di perairan Teluk Popoh, dimana nelayan dan masyarakat pesisir Teluk Popoh akan semakin sulit untuk mencari ikan di perairan sekitar. Untuk menghindari terjadinya dampak perubahan iklim yang berkelanjutan, maka PLTA Tulungagung yang beroperasi di wilayah pantai Sidem Teluk Popoh dan pemerintah Kabupaten Tulungagung memberikan inisiatif berupa penanaman pohon dan mangrove di wilayah Pantai Teluk Popoh. Dengan upaya mitigasi tersebut diharapkan mengurangi dampak yang diberikan oleh perubahan iklim di Teluk Popoh. Mitigasi tersebut tidak akan berjalan tanpa adanya usaha adaptasi dari masyarakat sekitar Teluk Popoh. Masyarakat di Desa Besole merupakan masyarakat yang didominasi oleh para nelayan yang kehidupannya sangat bergantung pada keberadaan laut. Apabila terjadi perubahan iklim di laut, maka para nelayan dari Desa Besole perlu beradaptasi terhadap perubahaan iklim tersebut..
PKM KONSERVASI AIR TANAH DI KECAMATAN MAPPAKASUNGGU DAN MANGGARABOMBANG KABUPATEN TAKALAR
Authors: Syahruddin Muhammad Hamzah , Amiruddin Amiruddin , Halide Halmar , Sakka Sakka , Makhrani Makhrani
Published: July 2020

Groundwater Conservation in Mappakasunggu and Manggarabombang, District TakalarAbstract. Groundwater is water that is contained in layers of soil or rocks below the surface. Many damages are caused by excessive groundwater extraction. For example, one of the residents' wells in Tamaona Lengkese that had been closed because the water had turned to salt water after being used for 10 years. This phenomenon shows that there is sea water intrusion because the rate of groundwater exploitation is greater than the rate of recharge. Besides that, every year there is a drought in the dry season and flooding in the rainy season. Therefore, to avoid a prolonged water crisis, there must be efforts from the government and all levels of society to conserve groundwater. To overcome the various problems of the partners, the Unhas PPMU-PKM team conducted groundwater conservation counseling and training. Counseling is done to the community to understand the existence of ground water and how its conservation. While training was given to improve the skills of the community to conserve groundwater. The results of this education and training are that more than 80% participants have understood how the presence of ground water and its conservation and are able to conserve groundwater with infiltration holes and injection wells.Keywords: Biopore, permeability, ground water, conservation.Abstrak. Air tanah adalah air yang terdapat dalam lapisan tanah atau bebatuan di bawah permukaan tanah. Banyak dampak kerusakan yang ditimbulkan akibat pengambilan air tanah yang berlebihan. Sebagai contoh, salah satu sumur  warga di Tamaona Lengkese yang telah ditutup karena airnya sudah berubah menjadi air asin setelah digunakan 10 tahun. Fenomena ini menunjukkan adanya intrusi air laut karena laju pengambilan air tanah jauh lebih besar dibandingkan dengan laju pengimbuhan. Selain itu setiap tahun di daerah tersebut terjadi kekeringan pada musim kemarau dan banjir pada musim hujan. Oleh karena itu, harus ada upaya pemerintah dan lapisan masyarakat untuk melakukan konservasi air tanah untuk menghindari krisis air berkepanjangan. Untuk mengatasi berbagai persoalan mitra tersebut tim PPMU-PKM Unhas melakukan penyuluhan dan pelatihan konservasi air tanah. Penyuluhan dilakukan kepada masyarakat untuk memahami keberadaan air tanah dan bagaimana konservasinya. Sedangkan pelatihan diberikan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan masyarakat untuk melakukan konservasi air tanah. Hasil dari penyuluhan dan pelatihan ini adalah peserta telah memahami bagaimana keberadaan air tanah dan konservasinya diatas 80% dan mampu melakukan konservasi air tanah dengan lubang resapan dan sumur injeksi.Kata kunci:  Biopori, permeabilitas, air tanah, konservasi.
PROGRAM KEMITRAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI INOVASI PANGANAN BERBAHAN DASAR LABU SIAM DAN PELATIHAN E-COMMERCE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EKONOMI
Authors: Munawarah Munawarah , Hayati Keumala , Pulungan Delyanti Azzumaritho
Published: July 2020

Community Partnership Program Through Chayote  Based Handling Innovation and E-Commerce Training to Improve the EconomyAbstract. The purpose of this community development program is to increase the ability and creativity of housewives in creating a product that can later be sold and improve the economy in Lingkungan XI Kelurahan Suka Maju, Kecamatan Medan Johor Sumatera Utara. The team provides training in the form of processing products from chayote to become syrup,candy, jam and chips. In addition to processing products, partners are also introduced and taught how to prepare simple financial reports such as the calculation of cost of goods manufactured, cost of goods sold, and estimated profit and loss to control finances. After the product training process, partners are also taught the marketing process by maximizing technology through digital e-commerce platforms, one of which is shoppe to market their products to be more widely known. The results obtained after the training program show that there is community satisfaction as a partner for the empowerment program. This is also marked by the increased ability of partners in terms of making products from chayote, as well as being able to market it through digital marketing platforms through e-commerce so as to increase sources of incomeKeywords: Chayote, e-commerce, Medan Johor.Abstrak. Tujuan dari program kemitraan masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan serta kreatifitas ibu-ibu rumah tangga dalam menciptakan suatu produk yang nantinya dapat dijual dan meningkatkan ekonomi di Lingkungan XI Kelurahan Suka Maju Kecamatan Medan Utara.Tim memberikan pelatihan berupa pengolahan produk dari labu siam untuk dijadikan sirop, permen, selai dan keripik(stick labu). Selain mengolah produk, mitra juga diperkenalkan serta diajarkan cara menyusun laporan keuangan sederhana seperti perhitungan harga pokok produksi, harga pokok penjualan, serta estimasi untung rugi untuk mengontrol keuangan. Setelah proses pelatihan pembuatan produk, mitra juga diajarkan proses marketing dengan memaksimalkan teknologi melalui platform digital e-commerce salah satunya shoppe untuk memasarkan produk mereka agar lebih dikenal luas. Hasil yang diperoleh setelah program pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa adanya kepuasan masyarakat selaku mitra terhadap program pemberdayaan. Hal ini juga ditandai dengan meningkatnya kemampuan mitra dalam hal membuat produk dari labu siam, serta mampu memasarkannya melalui platform digital marketing melalui e-commerce sehingga dapat menambah sumber penghasilan.Kata Kunci: Labu siam, e-commerce, Medan Johor.
ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI ENTREPRENEURSHIP DI KALANGAN SANTRI
Authors: Mustaqim Muhammad , Suhadi Suhadi
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi entrepreneurship di Pondok Pesantren serta cara mengatasi kendala yang dihadapi dalam implementasi tersebut.  Penelitian  ini  menggunakan metode  field  research (penelitian lapangan) yang disajikan secara diskriptif kualitatif. Hasil  Penelitian  menunjukkan  bahwa  implementasi  entrepreneurship  di pondok   pesantren   khususnya di Ma’hadul   Ulum   Asy-Syar’iyyah  Sarang Rembang  berjalan  dengan  baik.  Tujuan yang  ditetapkan  dalam implementasi tersebut adalah tercapainya santri yang dapat menyeimbangkan kepentingan kehidupan dunia dan akhirat. Kendala dalam penerapan entrepreneurship di Pondok pesantren pada umumnya adalah kesulitan dalam pengaturan jam pelatihan yang serngkali berbenturan dengan jam ngaji santri. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan akan menjadi bahan informasi dan masukan bagi mahasiswa, tenaga pengajar,  peneliti dan semua pihak yang terkait dengan pemberian motivasi kepada rekan-rekan santri agar senantiasa meningkatkan kualitas kehidupannya dengan pelaksanaan wirausaha pada masa yang akan datang.
IMPLEMENTASI CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (CG): DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Suhadi Suhadi
Published: July 2020

Corporate Governance (CG) merupakan tata kelola perusahaan yang menjelaskan hubungan antara berbagai partisipan dalam perusahaan. Tata kelola perusahaan yang baik tentu menjadi ekspektasi oleh stakeholders, yaitu keberhasilan dalam  menentukan arah dan kinerja perusahaan. Corporate governance berhubungan erat dengan bagaimana para pemilik modal atau investor yakin bahwa manajer akan memberikan keuntungan bagi mereka, sehingga bagaimana para investor bias mengontrol para manajer. Corporate Governance (CG) yang mengandung empat unsur penting, yaitu keadilan, transparansi, pertanggungjawaban dan akuntabilitas, diharapkan dapat menjadi suatu solusi dalam meminimalisir konflik keagenan. Hubungan implisit antara pemegang saham dan manajer hanya salah satu dari hubungan keagenan, hubungan keagenan yang lain misalnya hubungan antara manajer dengan berbagai kelompok yang memiliki kepentingan terhadap perusahaan.
ANALISIS STRATEGI BMT DALAM MENGHADAPI TRADE OFF ANTARA LIKUIDITAS DAN PROFITABILITAS
Authors: Andriyanto Irsad
Published: July 2020

BMT juga mengalami konflik kepentingan (conflict of interest) antara liquidity dan profitability. Artinya bila BMT ingin mempertahankan posisi likuiditas dengan memperbesar cadangan kas, maka BMT tidak akan memakai seluruh loanable funds (dana yang telah dihimpun dari masyarakat) yang ada karena sebagian akan dikembalikan lagi dalam bentuk cadangan tunai (cash reserve).  Hal ini berarti upaya pencapaian rentabilitas (profitability) akan berkurang. Demikian juga terjadi sebaliknya. Tujuan penilitian ini meliputi: 1) menganalisis tingkat likuiditas BMT. 2) menganalisis tingkat profitabilitas pada BMT.  3) menganalisis strategi yang diterapkan BMT dalam menghadapi trade off antara likuiditas dan profitabilitas. Hasil penilitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Dari tahun 2010 hingga 2013 tingkat likuiditas ditinjau dari cash ratio rata-rata masuk dalam kategori cukup likuid.  2)Tingkat profitabilitas ditinjau dari Return On Asset masuk dalam kategori rendah. Rendahnya tingkat profitabilitas ini salah satunya disebabkan karena tingginya tingkat likuiditas. 3) Dalam pengelolaan dana likuiditas dan profitabilitas, BMT menggunakan manajemen dengan pendekatan pool of fund approach. Semua dana BMT yang bersumber dari berbagai pihak dengan berbagai macam akad dikumpulkan ke dalam satu wadah, kemudian manajemen BMT dapat dengan bebas mengalokasikan ke dalam berbagai bentuk pembiayaan yang tidak dibatasi oleh akad yang berbeda-beda baik akad yang memiliki hasil maupun tidak.
Islamic Philantrophy Development in Digital Era: New Strategy of Fund Raising and Supervision Program
Authors: Efendi Mansur , Arifin Ferdi
Published: July 2020

Industry 4.0, which is a shape of fourth stage of industrial revolution, influences human life such as new media development. Nowadays, most people are being active users in digital world as a new social sphere. Many activities in social media affects various creative ideas, one of them is a medium of fund raising. As fourth stage of industrial revolution it does not cut off humanitarian acts for caring each others, even its appearance can be alternative media to create various humanitarian acts. Islamic philantrophy has take for granted New Media as developing model of fund raising and supervision program to enhance humanitarian acts. This study attempts to analyze developing of Islamic philantrophy phenomena in new media by utilizing qualitative method. The results is going to find a model of fund raising throughout new media and to create a program of supervision for sustainability acts as an effort to establish prosperous society. By this research, Islamic philantrophy is able to develop rapidly and achieve wider success through a new strategy. The main aspect of new strategy model must be syncronized to Islamic laws embedded in Quran and Hadits for avoiding inappropiate ways and debatable rules.
Pengaruh E-WOM, Brand Image dan Brand Trust Terhadap Keputusan Konsumen (Studi Kasus Pada Lembaga Kursus Fajar English Course Pare-Kediri)
Authors: Ruhamak Muhammad Dian , Rahmadi Afif Nur
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of e-wom variables, brand image and brand trust on consumer decisions in institutions of the English course pare-kediri dawn courses. The population in this study were all consumers of English course dawn courses in August-September 2019 of 89 respondents, because less than 100 then the whole was taken to be sampled. Methods of data analysis using the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, multiple regression analysis, f and t test and the coefficient of determination. From the test results obtained e-wom variables, brand image and brand trust simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on consumer decisions with a value of fcount 41.919> 2.71 (fcount) and a significance value of 0.000. Partially e-wom and brand image have a positive and significant effect on consumer decisions with a tcount of 3.795> 1.99, 5.714> 1.99 and a significance of 0.000. While brand trust is negative and does not have a significant effect on consumer decisions with consumer values, this is based on test results that show a t-value of -1.625 <ttable 1.99 and a significance value of 1.08. Brand image has the most dominant influence on consumer decisions because it has the most influence.
Fraud Pentagon Theory dalam Mendeteksi Fraudulent Financial Reporting Pada Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index 70 (JII 70) Tahun 2018
Authors: Khoirunnisa Awaliyatu , Rahmawaty Anita , Yasin Yasin
Published: July 2020

This study aims to detect fraudulent financial reporting through fraud pentagon theory in companies listed in the Jakarta Islamic index 70. The research method used is quantitative research with a comparative causal approach. Related to sampling using purposive sampling. The findings in this study are the financial target variables, external pressure, nature of industry and rationalization have a significant effect on the detection of financial statement fraud. As for financial stability, ineffective monitoring, change in auditors, change of director, and arrogancy do not have a significant effect on the detection of financial statement fraud.
Pengembangan Ekonomi Desa dalam Islam: Penerapan Sharia Value di Pasar Tradisional
Authors: Sriani Endang
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine how the implementation of trade activities and the aplication of Islamic Sharia Values at az-Zaitun Sharia market and to know the efforts of it in realizing of local economic independence. A qualitative approach wa employed in this field research, the data collection techniques include observation and interview with the sellers and the founder of az-Zahra sharia market. The results of this study indicate that, firstly, the establishment of az-Zaitun sharia market aims to protect the consumers and to create an equitable price. Secondly, the sellers has implemented 8 concept formulated by the founder, but there have some obstacles. It is caused by the exixtence of illegal market around az-Zaitun. Thirdly, az-Zaitun sharia market can bedeveloped to realize a local economic independence by making the market as a product wondow for the communities.
Unmet Social Needs and Adherence to Pediatric Weight Management Interventions: Massachusetts, 2017–2019
Authors: Atkins Micaela , Castro Ines , Sharifi Mona , Perkins Meghan , O’Connor Giselle , Luo Man , Sandel Megan , Taveras Elsie M. , Fiechtner Lauren
Published: July 2020

Objectives. To examine effects of unmet social needs on adherence to pediatric weight management intervention (PWMI).

Methods. We examined individual associations of positive screens for parental stress, parental depression, food insecurity, and housing insecurity with intervention adherence, and associations of 0, 1 or 2, and 3 or 4 unmet social needs with adherence, among children enrolled in a 2017–2019 comparative effectiveness trial for 2 high-intensity PWMIs in Massachusetts. Models were adjusted for child age, body mass index (BMI), parent BMI, and intervention arm.

Results. Families with versus without housing insecurity received a mean of 5.3 (SD = 8.0) versus 8.3 (SD = 10.9) contact hours (P < .01). There were no statistically significant differences in adherence for families reporting other unmet social needs. Children with 3 to 4 unmet social needs versus without received a mean of 5.2 (SD = 8.1) versus 9.2 (SD = 11.8) contact hours (P < .01). In fully adjusted models, those with housing insecurity attended a mean difference of −3.14 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −5.41, −0.88) hours versus those without. Those with 3 or 4 unmet social needs attended −3.74 (95% CI = –6.64, −0.84) hours less than those with none.

Conclusions. Adherence to PWMIs was lower among children with housing insecurity and in families with 3 or 4 unmet social needs. Addressing social needs should be a priority of PWMIs to improve intervention adherence and reduce disparities in childhood obesity.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03012126.
Retrospective Evaluation of Implementation of Long-Term Forecast on Spatial Spread of Rabies in the Asian Part of Russia
Authors: Botvinkin A. D. , Sidorov G. N. , Poleshchuk E. M. , Zarva L. D. , Nashatyreva D. N. , Yakovchits N. V. , Andaev E. I. , Balakhonov S. V. , Rudakov N. V.
Published: July 2020

Objective:To evaluate the historical long-term forecast of the spatial spread of rabies in Siberia and Far East and to characterize modern approaches to spatial forecasting. The concept of spatial spread of rabies in the Asian part of Russia, developed in the 80s of the twentieth century, is subjected to critical analysis based on information on rabies registration for 1881–1980 and zoogeographic data. At that time, 5 rabies enzootic regions were identified, and the most probable directions of further exportation of infection suggested. At first, a review of published data on human and animal rabies cases for the period of 1985–2019 was undertaken (including reference publications). Data on cases of rabies among humans and animals were selected for which geographical coordinates could be determined. Mapping was performed using GIS (QGIS 3.12.0 software and “Natural Earth” and “OpenStreetMap” electronic maps). Comparison of maps for different time periods demonstrated that rabies incidence was recorded mainly within the previously identified risk areas. However, the occurrence of human disease in different regions did not always correspond to the intensity of epizootics and the predicted risk. Next, in an attempt to correct the prognosis of the spatiotemporal rabies spread, we reviewed publications that incorporated virus genetic data along with GIS technology and modeling application. The distribution of the three major rabies virus lineages (“steppe”, “Arctiс-like”, “Arctic”) corresponded to the regions that were previously identified. The spread of fox rabies (the “steppe” rabies virus lineage) in the north-east direction was described. In several instances, rabies outbreaks in southern Siberia and Far East were associated with cross-border movement of the virus from Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China. Data on the speed of the epizootic waves, pathways, and natural barriers for virus spread are discussed. The correction of the forecast for rabies virus circulation and spread is important for the development of control strategies in the region, including oral vaccination of wildlife virus reservoirs.
Molecular Diagnostics of Coronavirus Infection in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Khegay S. V. , Dzhaparova A. K. , Dushenalieva E. M. , Kalmyrzaev B. , Kasymbekova K. T. , Kuchuk T. E. , Usenbaev N. T. , Zhunushov A. T.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Objective of the study was to develop an effective method of sample pooling for the detection of SARSCoV-2 coronavirus RNA using PCR and evaluate that approach with various test systems.

Materials and methods. SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus RNA was detected in samples containing nasal swabs placed in a transport medium. 5 samples were combined into one pool to perform the analysis. The effectiveness of the “in single test tube” pooling method for performing mass studies for COVID-19 was evaluated using the Vector-PCRrv-2019-nCoV-RG-19 test systems,Russia; “ArtTest COVID-19”,Belarus; “BioSpeedy”,Turkey.

Results and discussion. A total of 587 pools were studied, consisting of 2935 test samples, in which 56 samples containing SARS-CoV-2 RNA were detected and confirmed by PCR. When studying the method of pooling samples, its specificity and optimal sensitivity for detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA using the Vector-PCRrv-2019-nCoV-RG, ArtTest COVID-19, and BioSpeedy test systems were shown. The results of applying the pooling method correlated with the data obtained without pooling samples. The average deviation of the cycle amounted to 2 Ct; the fluorescence curve of positive samples corresponded to the «S» form.
Cholera: Monitoring of Epidemiological Situation around the World and in Russia (2010–2019). Forecast for 2020
Authors: Moskvitina E. A. , Yanovich E. G. , Kurilenko M. I. , Kruglikov V. D. , Titova S. V. , Levchenko D. A. , Vodop’yanov A. S. , Lopatin A. A. , Ivanova S. M. , Mishan’kin B. M. , Krivenko A. S. , Anisimova G. B. , Noskov A. K.
Published: July 2020

Objectiveof the study was to monitor the spread of cholera in the world, in the CIS countries and in Russia with an assessment of risks and emergencies that contribute to the activation of the epidemic process. Despite the downward trend in the global incidence rate of cholera during the period between 2010 and 2019, epidemics and major outbreaks occurred in 96 countries. WHO has reported 2013 imported cases of cholera to countries in Asia, the Americas, including the Caribbean, Europe, and Australia with Oceania; cholera-endemic administrative territories are identified in 24 countries. According to WHO, cholera burden reduction in Asia and Africa is associated with large-scale vaccination. During epidemiological surveillance of cholera, 705 strains ofV. choleraeO1 and O139 serogroups were isolated from surface reservoirs in 26 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, including 10 strains of V. cholerae O1 ctxA+tcpA+, 35 strains ofV. choleraeO1ctxA–tcpA+, 655 strains ofV. cholerae O1 ctxA–tcpA–, and ﬁve strains ofV. choleraeO139ctxA–tcpA–. Identiﬁcation of strains with unique, previously unknown INDEL genotypes testiﬁes to their imported nature. The forecast for cholera in the world for 2020, given the proven high degree of epidemic process activation at the expense of social and environmental risks caused by emergencies of different origin, the presence of endemic foci, infection import and other risk factors is unfavorable. For Russia, the forecast for cholera will be determined by the presence of external risks created by the ongoing 7-th pandemic, possible importation of infection to constituent entities of the Russian Federation that differ by the types of epidemic manifestations.
Epidemiological Peculiarities of New Coronavirus Infection (COVID-2019). Communication 2: Peculiarities of epidemic process development in conjunction with performed anti-epidemic measures around the world and in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kutyrev V. V. , Popova A. Yu. , Smolensky V. Yu. , Ezhlova E. B. , Demina Yu. V. , Safronov V. A. , Karnaukhov I. G. , Ivanova A. V. , Shcherbakova S. A.
Published: July 2020

The review presents the analysis of the data on the spread of COVID-19 around the world and in Russia available as of June 15, 2020. Dynamics and geographical dissemination of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation is considered. The structure of incidence by gender and age is presented. Assessment of the key epidemiological parameters (morbidity rates and lethality) is provided. The effectiveness of the response measures conducted to control COVID-19 is discussed.
Epidemiological Features of HFRS (Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome) Outbreak in the Saratov Region in 2019
Authors: Ivanova A. V. , Safronov V. A. , Popov N. V. , Kozhanova O. I. , Matveeva N. I. , Kresova U. A. , Chumachkova E. A. , Pospelov M. V. , Arkhipova G. N. , Vyatkin I. N. , Shcherbakova S. A. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: July 2020

Objectiveof the study was to identify epidemiological peculiarities of HFRS outbreak in the territory of the Saratov Region in 2019 and to determine the key factors contributing to the intensity of epidemic process.

Materials and methods.Analyzed are the data on 2702 cases of HFRS registered in the territory of the Saratov Region in 2019, obtained from the Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Saratov Region and Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Saratov Region. The basic method of investigation was epidemiological one with application of advanced information technologies.

Results and discussion.Retrospective analysis of epidemic HFRS manifestations in the Saratov Region showed that HFRS outbreak of 2019 was the largest over the period of disease reporting, both by the number of cases (2702) and by the duration. Early onset of increase in the incidence (may) and allocation of the majority of cases to the territory of the natural park “Kumysnaya Polyana”(75 %) should be considered as characteristic features of the outbreak. We have conducted epidemiological zoning of the Saratov Region allowing for dividing the Region into four types of territories which differ by the level of risk of HFRS exposure (very high, high, medium, and low), as well as distinguishing the most hazardous in terms of HFRS infection territories of Saratov. The key factors affecting the surge in HFRS cases were high numbers of infected rodents during spring months of 2019 due to mild and extremely snowy winter of 2018–2019; reduction in forest engineering works aimed at turning the focal territory into aesthetic forestry. The change in the character of exploitation of 9 % of the natural park “Kumysnaya Polyana” resulted in the increase of population contacts with natural-focal complexes. Mass visits to natural focus during early spring period against the background of low alertness to risks of HFRS infection led to explosive growth of HFRS incidence.
Virulence of HtpG+ and HtpG− strains of Yersinia pestis for Mice and Guinea Pigs
Authors: Krasil’nikova E. A. , Shaikhutdinova R. Z. , Svetoch T. E. , Platonov M. E. , Kombarova T. I. , Ivanov S. A. , Dentovskaya S. V. , Anisimov A. P.
Published: July 2020

HtpG (high-temperature protein G) is a bacterial homologue of the highly conserved molecular chaperone Hsp90 of eukaryotes, which plays an important role in protection against stress in many bacterial species. The role of the htpG gene encoding the synthesis of high-temperature prokaryotic G protein in the pathogenesis of bacterial infections is still unclear.

The aim of this work is to study the functional importance of HtpG in the pathogenesis of plague.

Materials and methods. Isogenic Yersinia pestis sets based on attenuated and virulent strains differing in the presence of the functional htpG gene (YPO3119) were generated with the help of site-directed mutagenesis. The HtpG amino acid sequence was analyzed using the BLAST program. The properties of the resulting mutant strains were evaluated using microbiological and biological methods.

Results and discussion. The bioinformatics analysis showed high conservativeness of the HtpG protein within the Y. pestis species (100% identity), as well as 99 % identity with the Y. pseudotuberculosis protein and 96 % identity – Y. enterocolitica protein. Y. pestis htpG knock-out mutants showed increase of susceptibility to temperature and oxidative stress like mutants of the other bacterial species. However, the mutant was not sensitive to osmotic stress and human serum complement. The loss of the ability to synthesize HtpG by plague microbe did not affect the virulence and average life duration of mice and guinea pigs challenged subcutaneously. It means that htpG gene is not a good molecular target for the treatment and/or immunoprophylaxis of plague.
Whole-Genome Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis of Francisella tularensis Vaccine Strain 15 NIIEG
Authors: Naryshkina E. A. , Krasnov Ya. M. , Alhova Zh. V. , Badanin D. V. , Osin A. V. , Lyashova O. Yu. , Sayapina L. V. , Bondarev V. P. , Merkulov V. A. , Olefir Yu. V. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: July 2020

Objective of the study was to conduct whole-genome sequencing of the vaccine strain Francisella tularensis 15 NIIEG and determine, based on the results, its phylogenetic relationships and the genetic organization features.

Materials and methods. Whole-genome sequencing of F. tularensis 15 NIIEG strain was performed on Ion PGM (Ion Torrent, USA) and MinIon (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, UK) platforms. Alignment of readings obtained to the whole-genome of F. tularensis subsp. holarctica LVS (CP009694, USA, 2015) was performed using the software package DNASTAR Lasergene 15.3. Hybrid assembly of reads into contigs was performed by means of Unicycler v. 0.4.4, using data obtained by semiconductor sequencing technology (Ion PGM) and nanopore sequencing (MinIon). Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the basis of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) data located in the core part of F. tularensis genome. Maximum parsimony algorithm was used to construct a dendrogram using the obtained data of common SNP-matrix.

Results and discussion. The close relations of F. tularensis 15 NIIEG strain with F. tularensis LVS vaccine strain used in the countries of Western Europe and North America was confirmed. Searching for common single mutations characteristic of F. tularensis 15 vaccine strains of NIIEG and LVS, permitted to find 5 unique SNPs that distinguish them from all other 228 F. tularensis strains used in the comparison. Comparative genomic analysis ofF. tularensis 15 NIIEG vaccine strain and virulent strains revealed in its structure two extensive 526 bp deletions (genes pilA and pilE) and 1480 bp (genes encoding lipoprotein). Similar deletions are also present in the genome of the F. tularensis LVS vaccine strain.
Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Szabo Brittany , Gambini Justin
Published: July 2020

The 2 most common types of primary bone tumors in children and adolescents are osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma (ES). Common sites of presentation for ES include the long bones, pelvis, chest wall, and spine. Definitive diagnosis of ES is made via open or core needle biopsy. The standard treatment regimen of ES includes neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by local primary tumor control and then consolidative chemotherapy. In addition, ES is sensitive to radiation, and thus, radiotherapy is often implemented. Overall, the ES survival rates range from 70% to as low as 15% to 30% based on the stage.