bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Urban Greenery Status in Major Cities of Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Koricho Hingabu Hordofa , Song Shaoxian
Published: September 2021

This work aims at studying different green spaces’ experiences in developed countries and extrapolates the experiences to Oromia cities in Ethiopia; in order to investigate and promote greenery infrastructure in selected cities. To do that greenery practice performance data were collected in four cities, which were classified into two groups as good and weak performers. As a result, Adama and Bishoftu cities were good urban greenery performers whereas Burayu and Sebeta were weak performers. The cities were also selected non-randomly to investigate the current urban greenery practice and different green areas in each city. Eight green areas were taken as samples for observation, where qualitative and quantitative data were collected from primary and secondary sources. The assessment of data confirmed that green areas along the roadside, recreational parks, open areas, and nursery sites existed in most cities. The urban plan of some cities does exclude most green area components. Greenery sites in Bishoftu and Adama are relatively better, while in Burayu and Sebeta urban greenery are highly abused for changing to another type of land use, e.g., residential and institutional areas. The technical skills of tree planting, care, protection, and management were also observed as a collective resource.
Tinjauan Mobile Government Dalam Pemanfaatan Peluang Digital di Provinsi Jawa Barat
Authors: Rohimat Muhammad Febriansyah
Published: September 2021

Globalization as the estuary of cultural changes and values ​​in society brings drastic transformations. The use of mobile phones and the internet which are increasing every year also requires the government to be able to give innovation to the concept of public services that are integrated with technological changes that are currently happening. The Mobile government which is part of e-government is a concept that should be implemented by the government. The West Java Provincial Government as one of the components of government in Indonesia in taking advantage of these opportunities adapts to technology. Adapting technology as part of government governance is the main focus on implementing mobile government, especially on mobile applications to achieve equitable and integrated public services. The purpose of this study is to analyze the optimization of digital opportunities in West Java Province with the concept of mobile government as the basis for its application. This research is classified as descriptive qualitative. The results show that mobile government has been implemented in the public service process carried out by the West Java Provincial Government. The purpose of this study is to analyze the optimization of digital opportunities in West Java Province with the concept of mobile government as the basis for its application. This research is classified as descriptive qualitative. The results show that mobile government has been implemented in the public service process carried out by the West Java Provincial Government such as Pikobar, Sapawarga, K-MOB, Si Votun Jabar, and Sambara applications.
Gastric Schwannomas Misdiagnosed as GIST: A Comparative Study of Clinic Strategies Based on Membrane Marker Detection
Authors: Quanyong Cheng  , Kun Zhao  , Jing Wang  , Yu Guo  , Hui Pang
Published: September 2021

Gastric schwannomas are one of the rarest gastric tumors originating from the nerve plexus of the gut wall. Because most of these tumors dont have any specific symptom and the majority of gastric mesenchymal tumors are gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), many are therefore misdiagnosed as GISTs. In addition, gastric schwannoma is the benign and slow-growing lesion in the stomach, but GISTs had poor outcomes due to lack of response to nonsurgical interventions. In our study, we analyzed two cases of these tumors. Computer tomography (CT), contrast-enhanced CT, gastroscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) were applied to diagnose these two patients. In addition, histological examination and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to confirm the final diagnosis. All imageological examination such as CT, contrast-enhanced CT, gastroscopy and EUS, diagnosed these two patients as gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Surprisingly, after the subtotal gastric surgery, histological examination showed that these lesions were composed of spindle cells. Those cells presenting in the bundle or fence-like arrangement were mildly heterologous. The outcomes of immunohistochemistry of the cell membrane markers (CD117 / DOG-1 negative, CD34 mild positive or negative) were the exact opposite of the characteristic presentation of GIST. These pathological findings refused the primary diagnosis, and were in coincidence with the characteristics of gastric schwannomas. To our best knowledge, these tumors are really rare that only two cases could be reported and analyzed clinically. CT and EUS could help diagnose gastric schwannomas before pathological examination results, but in order to define this diagnosis correctly. Pathological examination and IHC staining should be applied after surgery. To avoid the recurrence, it is better to resect the lesion completely, regardless of the malignant or benign disease.
Penerapan Metode Machine Learning dalam Klasifikasi Risiko Kejadian Berat Badan Lahir Rendah di Indonesia
Authors: Sihombing Pardomuan Robinson , Yuliati Istiqomatul Fajriyah
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini akan mengkaji penerapan beberapa metode machine learning dengan memperhatikan kasus imbalanced data dalam pemodelan klasifikasi untuk penentuan risiko kejadian bayi dengan BBLR yang diharapkan dapat menjadi solusi dalam menurunkan kelahiran bayi dengan BBLR di Indonesia. Adapun metode meachine learning yang digunakan adalah Classification and Regression Tree (CART), Naïve Bayes, Random Forest dan Support Vector Machine (SVM). Pemodelan klasifikasi dengan menggunakan teknik resample pada kasus imbalanced data dan set data besar terbukti mampu meningkatkan ketepatan klasifikasi khususnya terhadap kelas minoritas yang dapat diihat dari nilai sensitivity yang tinggi dibandingkan data asli (tanpa treatment). Selanjutnya, dari kelima model klasifikasi yang iuji menunjukkan bahwa model random forest memberikan kinerja terbaik berdasarkan nilai sensitivity, specificity, G-mean dan AUC tertinggi. Variabel terpenting/paling berpengaruh dalam klasifikasi resiko kejadian BBLR adalah jarak dan urutan kelahiran, pemeriksaan kehamilan, dan umur ibu
Aplikasi E-Kelurahan Untuk Peningkatan Pelayanan Administrasi dalam Mendukung Penerapan E-Government
Authors: Syaputra Asep
Published: September 2021

Pemanfaatan teknologi tepat guna pada kelurahan akan meningkatkan kualitas peran kelurahan sebagai pusat pemerintahan tingkat terendah yang melayani masyarakat, hal itu menjadi fokus utama pembangunan dari agenda pemerintah. pada penelitian ini dikembangkan aplikasi administrasi pelayanan masyarakat secara elektronik dalam melakukan administrasi dengan kemudahan dan waktu yang efisien. Salah satu kendala internal instansi pemerintahan di kelurahan adalah masih adanya proses administrasi yang masih manual yang berdampak pada pelayanan terhadap warganya. Ada beberapa kelemahan utama dalam penggunaan aplikasi Microsoft Office untuk menulis surat, misalnya tergantung pada kemampuan aparatur desa yang tinggi, yang dapat mengakibatkan perubahan format surat dan mudahnya pencatatan data surat secara lengkap. di sisi lain, dari observasi yang dilakukan menunjukan bahwa kemampuan aparat desa menggunakan teknologi masih sangat minim, sehingga mutlak diperlukan penggunaan aplikasi layanan administrasi khusus. Penerapan aplikasi administrasi ini diharapkan dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan yang dihadapi masing-masing kota dan desa dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat dan manajemen yang lebih baik. Manfaat lainnya adalah dapat membantu pencatatan data pengelolaan yang ada sehingga membantu kelurahan untuk lebih memahami potensi kelurahan secara lebih jelas, sehingga masyarakat dapat lebih merasakan pelayanan administrasi.
All States Close but Red Districts Reopen: The Politics of In-Person Schooling During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Grossmann Matt , Reckhow Sarah , Strunk Katharine O. , Turner Meg
Published: September 2021

How did political factors and public health affect state and local education decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially the continuation of in-person schooling? Using an original data set of state policies, we find that governors ordered school closures in spring 2020 but left decisions to districts in the fall, regardless of partisanship. Analyzing local district reopening plans, however, we find that decisions were more tied to local political partisanship and union strength than to COVID-19 severity. Republicans in the public were also more favorable than Democrats toward in-person learning. States’ decisions to leave reopening plans to their districts opened the way for the influence of local partisanship.
Comparison of Evolutionary Selection Acting on the Mitochondrial Protein-Coding Genes Between Intertidal and Deep-Sea Gastropods
Authors: Dhar Dipanjana , Dey Debayan
Published: September 2021

Marine molluscs are ecologically and economically important group of organisms that survive in the challenging environments of different oceanic zones. Of all the classes of the phylum Mollusca, gastropods have radiated into marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats, successfully adapting themselves to thrive in changing environmental conditions. Hence, marine gastropods can be considered as an ideal system to study stress adaptation. In order to withstand the constant fluctuations in temperature, salinity and shifts in oxygen concentration of the intertidal zone, the gastropods inhabiting here rely on a modified and adaptive energy metabolism. The same is applicable for gastropods living in the deep sea environment, which is characterized by high hydrostatic pressure, low oxygen concentrations and abundance of heavy metals. Therefore, survival of these organisms may be correlated to their adaptive mitochondrial genome which serves as the principal site for energy metabolism and production in the cell. Here, we estimated selection pressure acting on the mitochondrial protein-coding genes of 13 intertidal and 2 deep sea gastropods based on site and branch-site specific models. The results exhibited higher number of sites under diversifying selection for the mitochondrial protein-coding genes of intertidal gastropods compared to deep sea species. Overall, this study focusses on the adaptive mitogenome evolution of marine gastropods for survival in the dynamic environments of the intertidal zone as well as deep sea.
Clinical aspects of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Authors:   Kazakh Medical University of Continuing Education, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Bazarbekova Rimma , Ermakhanova Tamara ,   Kazakh Medical University of Continuing Education, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Onlassynova Oral ,   Children's City Clinical Hospital №2, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Alpan Ayaulym ,   Kazakh Medical University of Continuing Education, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Satybaldina Aluash ,   Kazakh Medical University of Continuing Education, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Orazbay Ardak ,   Kazakh Medical University of Continuing Education, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Akhmerova Malika ,   Kazakh Medical University of Continuing Education, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Slamova Aikerim ,   Kazakh Medical University of Continuing Education, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Mussakhanova Zaure ,   Kazakh Medical University of Continuing Education, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: September 2021

21-hydroxylase deficiency is the cause of one of the most common hereditary diseases - congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). The level of residual activity of 21-hydroxylase determines the clinical form and severity of the course of the disease. The article presents the clinical characteristics of two forms of CAH – salt-wasting and simple virilizing. Objective. To study the clinical aspects of CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency in children. Material and methods. We analyzed 57 archived case histories and 58 extracts from case histories of children from 0 to 18 years old with an established diagnosis of CAH. In general, the sample comprised cases, of which 36 were boys (48%) and 39 (52%) girls. Results and discussion. Of the 75 children with CAH, 43 (57.3%) had a salt-wasting form, 32 (42.7%) had a simple virilizing form. In children with salt-wasting form, the leading clinical manifestation was salt loss syndrome, with simple virilizing - viril syndrome. The average age of diagnosis with salt-wasting form was 1.5 months (from 1 to 2.6 months), with simple virilizing - 3 years (from 1.4 to 4.4 years). Conclusions. According to our data, in Kazakhstan, the salt- wasting form of СAH is diagnosed more often than a simple virilizing form (57.3% / 42.7%). The problems of timely diagnosis of CAH and in the selection of the appropriate passport gender of the child were identified. Keywords: congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 21-hydroxylase deficiency, salt-wasting form, simple virilizing form.
Unwanted or mistimed pregnancy and developmental issues in Ecuadorian children aged 3 to 5: a doubly robust estimate using data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2018
Authors: Delgado-Ron Jorge Andres , Andrade-Rivas Federico
Published: September 2021

Aim: To estimate the effect of unintended (unwanted or mistimed) pregnancy on early childhood development in Ecuadorian children aged 3 to 5, participating in the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2018.Methods: We used a design-based doubly robust estimate. First, we used propensity score matching to identify a subsample of children aged 3 to 5 equally likely to come from a desired vs. unintended pregnancy. Then, we used a regression model to explore the relation of maternal pregnancy intentions with early childhood development. Results: Among 1,694 observations representing 162,285 Ecuadorian children, unintended pregnancy associated with developmental delays (odds ratio: 1.56; 95% confidence interval: 1.06; 2.29), after adjusting for the household’s geographic area and income, the father’s perception of the pregnancy, the mother’s marital status, age, ethnicity, educational level, and depressive symptoms, and the child’s age, gender, and daycare/school attendance. Unintended pregnancy was also negatively associated with all four early childhood development index domains, socio-emotional development being the most affected. Discussion: Our doubly robust design found evidence of the relation between the maternal perception of pregnancy and early child development. Addressing this relation to achieve reproductive justice entails considering a wide spectrum of population health and legal interventions to allow adequate access to education, contraception, and safe abortion. Moreover, pre- and postnatal check-ups could screen for unintended pregnancy and provide support accordingly.
Monograf : KAJIAN AKADEMIS TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI SELATAN (PROSPEKTIF PEMBENTUKAN DAERAH MENURUT PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 78 TAHUN 2007)
Authors: Hukum Fakultas
Published: September 2021

Puji Syukur Kehadirat Allah SWT atas segala limpahan Hidayah danRahmatNya karena dengan kebesaran-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan penulisanbuku monograf dengan judul KAJIAN AKADEMIS TERHADAPPEMBENTUKAN KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI SELATAN (PROSPEKTIFPEMBENTUKAN DAERAH MENURUT PERATURAN PEMERINTAHNOMOR 78 TAHUN 2007). Penulisan buku monograf ini didasarkan dari hasilpenelitian penulis dengan judul ANALISIS PROSPEKTIF PEMBENTUKANDAERAH MENURUT PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 78 TAHUN2007 (KAJIAN AKADEMIS TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN KABUPATENINDRAGIRI SELATAN). Buku monograf ini diharapkan bisa menjadi tambahan referensi bagi paraakademisi dan masyarakat pada umumnya dalam rangka menambah khasanahpengetahuan tentang perbaikan mutu biji kakao petani. Penulis tentunya menyadari bahwa dalam penulisan buku monograf ini masihbanyak kekuarangan sehingga saran dan kritik diterima dengan lapang. Terakhir,semoga buku monograf ini memberikan manfaat bagi semua. Aamiin.
DEMOCRACY, TRANSPARENCY, AND PARTICIPATION THROUGH THE OPENNESS OF PUBLIC INFORMATION IN PEMALANG REGENCY, INDONESIA
Authors: Susniwati Susniwati
Published: September 2021

The openness of public information is an essential or inseparable part of democracy. The principles of democracy are participation, inclusion, representation, transparency, accountability, responsibility, free and fair competition, and solidarity. Transparency and participation are linked to the openness of information that allows people to get accurate and suffi cient information. This research focuses on the dynamics of democracy in transparency and participation through the openness of public information in Pemalang Regency. The method that used in this research is the qualitative method, since the data is obtained from observation, interviews, and documentation. The result shows that information is restricted by the classifi cation of public information, mechanism access, limitation of tools to deliver the information. Moreover, the database of information has not met the requirement for more up-to-date information. Also, the level of participation of the people in public information in Pemalang Regency is still low.
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex reflects the impact of anxiety on drift rates during cognitive processing
Authors: Gorka Adam , Philips Ryan T. , Torrisi Salvatore , Claudino Leonardo , Foray Katherine , Grillon Christian , Ernst Monique
Published: September 2021

Generally, anxiety is thought to impair ongoing cognitive operations. Surprisingly, however, anxiety has been shown to improve performance during the Go/No-Go task. Understanding how anxiety can facilitate task performance may shed light on avenues to address the cognitive deficits commonly associated with anxiety. Here, we set out to identify the computational processes and neural mechanisms underlying the impact of anxiety on Go/No-Go task performance using a combination of computational drift diffusion models and ultra-high field (7T) functional MRI. Hierarchical Bayesian analysis suggest that anxiety, induced using the delivery of unpredictable electrical shock, was associated with a higher drift rate process which is thought to reflect increased informational uptake. Additionally, changes in drift rate during the anxiety condition were associated with enhanced BOLD responses within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex during No-Go trials. This relationship may reflect the impact of induced anxiety on the activity of ramping neurons within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, whose activity patterns mimic the drift rate process. Collectively, these results shed light on the mechanisms underlying facilitated task performance and suggest that anxiety can improve cognitive processing by enhancing information uptake and increasing activity within prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortices.
Fear Trumps the Common Good: Psychological Antecedents of Vaccination Attitudes and Behaviour
Authors: Adamus Magdalena , Cavojova Vladimira , Mikušková Eva Ballová
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The study investigated antecedents of attitudes towards vaccines against COVID-19 and vaccination behaviour, and sought to identify areas where interventions aimed at increasing vaccination rates would be most effective. Methods: A sample of 500 Slovaks (250 women) responded to questions concerning their socio-demographic and personality characteristics, collectivism and individualism, consciousness of future consequences, and emotional responses to both vaccination and the pandemic. Results: The study indicates that helplessness related to the vaccine efficacy evaluation and fear of its potential risks are the strongest antecedents of vaccination behaviour and anti-vaccination attitudes. Jointly with the fear of the COVID-19, they explained over 26 percent and 33 percent of variance in behaviour and attitudes, respectively. Conclusions: Apart from extending current knowledge on vaccination predictors, the study considerably contributes to the practice. In contrast to personality characteristics, emotional factors could be directly addressed by interventions and informational campaigns aimed at enhancing the vaccines safety perception and giving individuals more sense of agency in their decisions concerning vaccination. Finally, the results indicate that the efficiency of appeals to solidarity may be limited when fear and helplessness are widespread as they seem to strongly outweigh individuals’ outward motivations to get vaccinated.
The Natural Evolution of Computing
Authors: Duran-Nebreda Salva , Valverde Sergi
Published: September 2021

The evolution of computing is an example of a major, transformative technological adaptation still unfolding in human history. Information technologies are supported by many other knowledge domains that have evolved through a cumulative cultural process, yet at the same time computing affects the tempo and mode of cultural evolution, greatly accelerating innovation processes driven by recombination of present technologies. Additionally, computing has created entire new domains for cumulative cultural evolution, furthering an era dominated by digital economies and media. These new domains offer very desirable qualities for cultural evolution research and digital archaeology, including good coverage in data completeness in widely different aspects of human culture, from social networks to innovation in programming languages. We review the major transitions in information technologies, with especial interest in their connections to a biological evolutionary framework. In particular, software vs. hardware evolution poses an interesting example of symbiotic technologies that display strong social dependencies as well as an extrinsic fitness due to energetic and temporal constrains. Properly accounting for the interplay of material and social factors can explain the coexistence of gradualism and punctuated dynamics in cultural and technological evolution.
Momentary PERMA: An Adapted Measurement Tool for Studying Well-Being in Daily Life
Authors: Heshmati Saeideh , Uysal Nermin Kibrislioglu , Kim Sharon , Oravecz Zita , Donaldson Stewart
Published: September 2021

PERMA is a multidimensional framework that explains well-being through five hedonic and eudaimonic psychological elements--Positive emotions, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, Accomplishment. Soon after the PERMA framework was proposed, PERMA-Profiler was introduced as a validated assessment tool for measuring these five elements of well-being from a global perspective. The current study aimed to shed further light onto the measurement of PERMA elements, extending it beyond global evaluations, to daily life assessments and the examination of individual differences in their dynamic characteristics. We introduce mPERMA (momentary PERMA), as an EMA-adapted version of the PERMA-Profiler measure, to assess well-being in daily life. Using data collected in an Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) study (N=160), we first demonstrate the factor structure of mPERMA through a multilevel factor analysis and next examine within-person means and the dynamics of change (e.g., intra-individual variability) in the PERMA elements. Findings revealed that mPERMA displays convergent validity with two global measures of hedonic and eudaimonic well-being, namely Flourishing and Subjective Well-Being. Moreover, dynamical characteristics of the five elements of well-being measured over time, map onto their corresponding hedonic or eudaimonic global measures of well-being. Results of this paper present how dynamical features of well-being in daily life provide novel insights into predicting global well-being.
Understanding the role of quercetin during neurotoxicity induced by Chlorpyrifos
Authors: Fereidounni Soheil , Dhawan Davindar Kumar
Published: September 2021

Organophosphate Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a pesticide, is widely used across the world to control worms and insects. It is highly toxic and causes neurobehavioral disorders. Naturally occurring compounds having polyphenols as their structural units are considered beneficial against toxicities inflicted by organophosphates. The present study reports that quercetin, a polyphenol, provides neuroprotection following neurotoxicity induced by chlorpyrifos. To carry out the study, male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 170-200g were segregated into four groups viz: normal control, CPF treated (13.5mg/kg b. wt. alternate day), Quercetin treated (50mg/kg b. wt. every day) and combined CPF +Quercetin treated. All the treatments were carried out for a total duration 60 day. Rota-rod performance test and Actophotometer test were undertaken to evaluate the locomotor activity and muscular strength of animals. Further, experiments were also conducted to assess neurotoxicity and structural alterations of cerebrum and cerebellum of brain, if any, inflicted by chlorpyrifos. The results revealed a significant decrease in locomotor activity as well as muscular strength of animals following chlorpyrifos treatment which however were appreciably improved upon simultaneous supplementation with quercetin. Further, treatment with chlorpyrifos resulted in a significant decrease in the activity of acetyl cholinesterase in serum as well as in cerebrum and cerebellum which however was increased upon co-treatment with quercetin. On the contrary, we noticed a significant increase in the levels of acetylcholine both in cerebrum and cerebellum which were modulated upon supplementation of quercetin. Light micrographs of both cerebrum and cerebellum showed histoarchitectural alterations which were improved upon co-treatment with quercetin. This study therefore concludes that quercetin when used as a prophylactic intervention would provide protection against CPF induced neurotoxicity.
Antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial activities and GCMS analysis of aqueous extract of pulps of Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa
Authors: Vardhini SP , Sivaraj C , Arumugam P , Ranjan Himanshu , Kumaran T , Baskar M
Published: September 2021

Aegle marmelos (Bael) is an important medicinal plant which belongs to family Rutaceae. Leaves, fruit, stem, bark of this plant is used because of its medicinal properties like astringent, antidiarrheal, antipyretic, antiinflammatory activities. Compounds purified from A.marmelos have been proven biologically active against various several major diseases like cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial activities of aqueous extract of A. marmelos and to identify the bioactive compounds by GC-MS analysis. Antioxidant activities such as DPPH radical, ABTS·+ radical cation, Fe3+ reducing power and phosphomolybdenum reduction assays were carried out for aqueous extract. The maximum DPPH radical and ABTS·+ radical cation scavenging activities were 60.70±4.24% at 300 µg/mL and 95.77±6.70% at 30 µg/mL concentrations. The IC50 values of DPPH˙ radical and ABTS·+ radical cation scavenging activities were 183.58 µg/mL and 10.81 µg/mL concentration. The maximum reduction of Fe3+ and Mo6+ were 52.05±3.64% and 87.81±6.19% at 120 µg/mL concentration and the IC50 values were 102.83 µg/mL and 32.76 µg/mL concentration. The anticancer activity was carried out by MTT assay method, which showed the IC50 value of 47.92 µg/mL concentration.
Evaluation of acute oral toxicity of a herbal rumenotoric and stomachic
Authors: Hajare Sunil , Ingole Ranjit Suresh , Ingawale Maheshkumar Vitthal , Borekar Vivek , Kotagiri Ravikanth , Ganguly Bhaskar
Published: September 2021

Maintaining optimum digestive functions is crucial for achieving health and profitability in livestock enterprises. However, the efficiency of these functions is upset by common problems such as indigestion, anorexia, flatulence, ruminal stasis and impaction. Pachoplus™ (M/s Ayurvet Limited, India) is a polyherbal rumenotoric, carminative and stomachic that helps to achieve and restore optimum digestive functions in livestock. A study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of Pachoplus™ to elicit acute oral toxicity as per OECD 423 guidelines. Nine non-pregnant, nulliparous, adult female Swiss albino mice were used for the study. The animals were observed for the manifestation of toxic effects and mortality after the oral administration of the test substance. Toxicity was evaluated on the basis of changes in body weight, overt signs of toxicity, gross and histological appearances of vital organs, and blood biochemistry. Pachoplus™ was found safe for oral use as no toxic effects or mortalities were observed till day 14.
In vitro carminative and in vivo antidiarrheal activity of Citrus maxima
Authors: Reddy Cheruku Gowtham , Shilpa Yalamarthi Akshaya , Pavani Anumula , Divya Adabala , Pravalika NYN
Published: September 2021

In this study, the methanolic extracts of leaves of Citrus maxima were evaluated for their carminative and antidiarrheal activities. By soxhlet method, the methanolic extract of leaves of Citrus maxima was prepared. Carminative activity of methanolic extract was studied in vitro by acid-base titration technique and antidiarrheal activity was studied in rats by castor oil induced diarrhoea method. The phytochemical screening was done using various chemical tests. Alkaloids, tannins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, terpenoids, amino acids, anthraquinones, glycosides are confirmed to be present in the leaf. Carminative activity of extract was found significantly less with 5mL, when compared with 10mL extract. The antidiarrheal activity observed in the animals treated with 200mg/kg showed significant activity compared with the animals treated with 100mg/kg. The study revealed that carminative activity and antidiarrheal activity of methanolic extract of C. maxima. May be the extract acts on circular and longitudinal intestinal muscle by inhibiting acetylcholine and prostaglandins, which reduces peristaltic movements and prolongs transmit time, reduces fecal volume, increases viscosity and viscous fluid and electrolyte loss. The compound in the extract causes mild irritation resulting in vasodilation of gastrointestinal muscles, thereby relieving cramping and expels gas.
In vitro antibacterial activity of extracts of Dalbergia sissoo and Aegle marmelos against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli from calves
Authors: Rathor Ashok Singh , Bhati Taruna , Singh AP
Published: September 2021

Neonatal calf diarrhoea (NCD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in pre-weaned dairy calves, causing huge economic and productivity losses to dairy industry worldwide. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) is one of the important causes of neonatal diarrhoea and high mortality in very young calves. Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) leaves and Bael (Aegle marmelous) unripe fruit have been used in diarrhoea and dysentery with very good results. Hence the present study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of the aqueous and methanolic extract of Dalbergia sissoo and Aegle marmelos against 16 E. coli isolated from colibacillosis affected diarrhoeic calves in Bikaner district of Rajasthan. The average zones of inhibitions of aqueous extract of Aegle marmelos and methanolic extract of Dalbergia sissoo against E. coli were 23.75±0.34 mm, 18.75±0.32 mm, 16.5±0.24 mm, 11.58 ±0.14 mm and 7.88±0.24 mm at concentrations of 1000 mg/ml, 500 mg/ml, 250 mg/ml 125 mg/ml and 62.5 mg/ml, respectively. The average zones of inhibition of aqueous extract of Dalbergia sissoo and methanolic extract of Aegle marmelos against E. coli were 24.75±0.20 mm, 19.87±0.34 mm, 17.25±0.24mm, 12.86±0.13 mm and 8.50±0.14 mm at concentrations of 1000 mg/ml, 500 mg/ml, 250 mg/ml 125 mg/ml and 62.5 mg/ml, respectively. The maximum zone of inhibition was reported by aqueous extract of Dalbergia sissoo and methanolic extract of Aegle marmelos (>24 mm of diameter) at concentration of 1000 mg/ml. Based on average zone of inhibition, the in vitro antibacterial activity of aqueous extract of Dalbergia sissoo and methanolic extract of Aegle marmelos was found to be more against E. coli as compared to aqueous extract of Aegle marmelos and methanolic extract of Dalbergia sissoo at varying concentrations. In conclusion, both combination of aqueous and methanolic extract of Dalbergia sissoo and Aegle marmelos showed in vitro antibacterial properties against E. coli.
Vacunas asignadas y aplicadas contra COVID-19 por entidad territorial en Colombia
Authors: Díaz Pinzón Jorge Enrique
Published: September 2021

Introducción: para lograr la finalización de esta pandemia, una gran parte del mundo debe ser inmune al virus. La evidencia más segura de lograrlo es una vacuna. Objetivo: mostrar el avance de las dosis asignadas y aplicadas en la vacunación contra SARS-COV-2 en las entidades territoriales de Colombia. Metodología: la presente investigación se realizó bajo un estudio transversal, como fuente de información se obtuvo del plan nacional de vacunación contra el COVID-19 de la página web del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, en el período comprendido entre el 17 de febrero y 31 de julio 2021. Resultados: las entidades territoriales con mayor porcentaje de dosis asignadas fueron: Bogotá (18.61), Antioquia (14,92), Valle del Cauca (8,82), Cundinamarca (6,03) y Santander (5, 07) y con mayor número de porcentaje de dosis aplicadas de vacunación fueron: Boyacá (92,85), Buenaventura (92,82), Amazonas (89,03), Cundinamarca (88,22), y Nariño (87). Conclusión: es relevante continuar aumentado la asignación de dosis contra SARS-COV-2 en los diferentes entes territoriales de Colombia y a su vez que cada uno aumente su capacidad de aplicaciones de dosis de la vacuna y en especial en lo relacionado con los esquemas completos que permitan llegar a corto plazo a alcanzar la inmunidad de rebaño en el país.
Beyond “Trying to Find a Number”: Proposing a Relational Ontology for Reconceptualizing Assessment in K−12 Language and Literacy Classrooms
Authors: Honeyford Michelle , Yaman Ntelioglou Burcu
Published: September 2021

Au cours d’un partenariat collaboratif de trois ans avec des chercheurs universitaires, des spécialistes gouvernementaux du curriculum, des équipes et des éducateurs de divisions scolaires, cette recherche post-qualitative fait appel à une méthodologie diffractive pour étudier le changement pédagogique en relation avec le renouvellement du curriculum provincial en enseignement de l’anglais. L’évaluation émane des données associées aux groupes de discussion, aux sondages en ligne et aux entrevues, comme un espace éthique de tension et de préoccupation ontologiques, épistémologiques et pédagogiques. En nous appuyant sur des travaux scientifiques en linguistique appliquée et en littératies numériques ainsi que sur des travaux théoriques ancrés dans le néo-matérialisme et les philosophies autochtones en éducation, un cadre conceptuel est proposé pour placer l’évaluation dans une ontologie relationnelle. En comprenant le langage et les pratiques de littératie comme produite par et dans des environnements dynamiques sociaux-matériels-sémiotiques, cet article explore comment ce positionnement de l’évaluation ouvre le dialogue pour créer des relations plus éthiques et adaptées en évaluation, enseignement et apprentissage.
Chronic Unpredictable Stress Alters Brain Tryptophan Metabolism and Impairs Working Memory in Mice without Causing Depression-Like Behaviour
Authors: O’Connor Jason C. , Porter Grace A. , O’Connor Jason C.
Published: September 2021

Chronic stress is a well-known risk factor in major depressive disorder and disrupts the kynurenine and serotonin pathways of tryptophan metabolism. Here, we characterize the temporal central and peripheral changes in tryptophan metabolism and concomitant depressive-like behavioural phenotype induced during the progression of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). Mice were exposed to 0, 10, 20, or 30 days of CUS followed by a panel of behavioural assays to determine depressive-like phenotypes. Immediately after behavioural testing, plasma and brain tissue were collected for metabolic analysis. While anhedonia-like and anxiety-like behaviours were unaffected by stress, nesting behaviour and cognitive deficits became apparent in response to CUS exposure. While CUS caused a transient reduction in circulating quinolinic acid, no other tryptophan metabolites significantly changed in response to CUS. In the brain, tryptophan, kynurenine, picolinic acid, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations were significantly elevated in CUS-exposed mice compared with non-stress control animals, while kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid, and serotonin decreased in CUS-exposed mice. Metabolic turnover of serotonin to the major metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid was markedly increased in response to CUS. These results suggest that CUS impairs hippocampal-dependent working memory and enhances nascent nesting behaviour in C57BL/6J male mice, and these behaviours are associated with increased brain kynurenine pathway metabolism leading to accumulation of picolinic acid and a significant reduction in serotonin levels.
Comparison between Adolescents and Adults Respecting Suicidal Behavior: A Native Local Study
Authors: Shoja Shafti Saeed
Published: September 2021

Introduction: while some of scholars believe that combining adult and adolescent suicidal behavior findings can result in misleading conclusions, some of researchers have stated that suicidal behavior may be a different phenomenon in adolescents than in adults. Hence, in the present study, the clinical profile of suicidal behavior among adult and child & adolescent psychiatric inpatients, has been compared with each other, to assess their resemblances or variances, in a non-western, local patient population. Methods: five acute academic wards, which have been specified for admission of first episode adult psychiatric patients, and five acute non-academic wards, which have been specified for admission of recurrent episode adult psychiatric patients, had been selected for current study. In addition, child & adolescent section of Razi psychiatric hospital was the field of appraisal concerning its specific age-group. All inpatients with suicidal behavior (successful suicide and attempted suicide, in total), during the last five years (2013-2018), had been included in the present investigation. Besides, clinical diagnosis was based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition. Intra-group and between-group analyses had been performed by ‘comparison of proportions’. Statistical significance as well, had been defined as p value ≤0.05. Results: As said by results, during a sixty months period, sixty-three suicidal behaviors among adult patients, including one successful suicide and sixty-two suicide attempts, and fourteen suicide attempts among child & adolescent patients, without any successful one, had been recorded by the security board of the hospital. While among adults and child & adolescent patients no significant gender-based difference was evident, with respect to suicidal conduct, among adults, the most frequent mental illness was bipolar I disorder, which was significantly more prevalent in comparison with other mental disorders. The other disorders included schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, personality disorders (borderline & antisocial), substance abuse disorders, and adjustment disorder. Among child & adolescent subjects, the most frequent mental illness was, once more, bipolar I disorder, followed by conduct disorder, and substance abuse disorder. Moreover, no significant difference was evident between the first admission and recurrent admission cases in adults or child & adolescents. While self-mutilation, self poisoning and hanging were the preferred methods of suicide among both groups, self-mutilation was significantly more prevalent than the other ways. Conclusion: While the annual incidence of suicidal behavior in inpatient adults and child & adolescents was comparable, bipolar disorder was the most frequent serious mental illness among suicidal subjects of both groups. Moreover, self-mutilation was the preferred method of suicide in adult and child & adolescent psychiatric inpatients.
The Disordered Human Specie
Authors: Rammal Julie
Published: September 2021

In pre-historic times the human specie was balanced in: body, mind, spirit, however; today the majority of us have lost this natural internal harmony. As a result, numerous mental, emotional, physical issues will continue to rise, forcing the human specie to devolve, evolve, or become a new semi-robotic specie.
Showcase to Illustrate how the Web-Server Ipreny-Pseaac is working
Authors: Chou Kuo
Published: September 2021

In 2017 a very powerful web-server predictor has been established for predicting C-terminal cysteine prenylation sites in proteins, which is one of the most important modifications in proteins. To see how the web-server is working, please do the following.
A Rare Presentation in a Patient With Silicosis: Soft Tissue Tuberculosis
Authors: Perincek Gokhan
Published: September 2021

Silicosis, the most common of the pneumoconioses, is associated with inhaled crystalline silica. Silica particles exposed people have increased risk for tuberculosis and other mycobacterium-associated diseases.
Opioid Oligopoly and the Seven Deadly Sins (007)
Authors: GS Robert
Published: September 2021

An oligopoly is defined as a market structure with a small number of firms that dominate an industry, of which none can keep the other from significantly influencing the market. This market structure is distinctly different from other market forms. In today’s market, the oligopoly structure is the most common market structure. It can be argued that the few pharmaceutical companies who market, manufacture, and distribute opioids all over the world constitute “opioid oligopoly.” Bachtell has reported that dozens of opioid manufacturers, distributors, pharmacies, and doctors turn a blind eye to the opioid crisis swamping the United States.
The Role of the Pharmacist in Patient Care (Book Review)
Authors: Khanam B.K
Published: September 2021

Most people on the outside of the health care profession are not familiar with this new role of the pharmacist. The general public has created a stereotypical pharmacist's picture as being a person who stands behind a counter, dispenses medicine with some instructions to the respective consumer. Pharmacy practice has changed substantially in recent years. Today’s pharmacists have unique training and expertise in the appropriate use of medications and provide a wide array of patient care services in many different practice settings. As doctors are busy with the diagnosis and treatment of patients, the pharmacist can assist them by selecting the most appropriate drug for a patient. Interventions by the pharmacists have always been considered as a valuable input by the health care community in the patient care process by reducing the medication errors, rationalizing the therapy and reducing the cost of therapy. The development and approval of the Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process by the Joint Commission of Pharmacy Practitioners and incorporation of the Process into the 2016 Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education Standards has the potential to lead to important changes in the practice of pharmacy, and to the enhanced acknowledgment, acceptance, and reimbursement for pharmacy and pharmacist services. As an author, it is my heartiest believe that the book will adjoin significant apprehension to future pharmacists in patient care as most of the portion created from recently published articles focusing pharmacists in patient care settings.
Opioid Prescribing Risk Management Opportunities for the Advance Nurse Practitioners
Authors: Smith Robert
Published: September 2021

All clinicians are ethically obliged to prescribe responsibly and cautiously to diminish the potential for opioid diversion and to help minimize the growth of the current opioid abuse epidemic. Advance nurse practitioners should establish procedures to better control and limit opioid prescription and develop analgesic regimens to treat pain. The main purpose and goal for this review is to present data congruent with clinical, medical, and legal reports for allowing an appreciation of the possibility of the risk assumed when ordering and prescribing opioids within our podiatry profession. First, the concept and process of risk management as illustrated using a root cause analysis approach will be introduced as well as applying these principles specifically to opioid prescribing will be presented. Then, several examples found in both medical and legal literature documenting the reasons for opioid prescription risk will be presented. Finally, mitigating strategies for safe opioid prescribing will be presented so that mitigation of opioid harm can be possible and realized by the advance nurse practitioner
On the taxonomic position and synonymy of Trichotichnus fukiensis (Jedlička) (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini)
Authors: Kataev B.M. , Wrase D.W.
Published: September 2021

A new combination and synonymy is proposed: Pseudorhysopus fukiensis (Jedlička, 1955), comb. n. (Trichotichnus) = P. suensoni Kataev & Wrase, 2002, syn. n.
Étude des caractéristiques physicochimiques et de l’activité antifongique des huiles essentielles d’Erigeron floribundus (Kunth.) Sch. Bip
Authors: Tia E.V. , Adima A.A. , Menut C.
Published: September 2021

L’usage des plantes médicinales connaît un regain d’intérêt. Cela est lié à la toxicité des produits chimiques, au coût élevé des médicaments chimiques, à l’éloignement et/ou l’insuffisance des centres de santé surtout en milieu rural. L’objectif général de cette étude était d’évaluer les potentialités thérapeutiques de l’huile essentielle des feuilles de l’espèce Erigeron floribundus utilisées en médecine traditionnelle en Côte-d’Ivoire. Les rendements en huile essentielle des feuilles d’Erigeron floribundus varient de 0,16 % pour les feuilles fraîches et de 0,31 % pour les feuilles séchées. Les indices physiques et chimiques de ces huiles essentielles sont en adéquation avec les critères de qualité des huiles essentielles selon la norme Afnor. L’effet antifongique des deux types d’huiles essentielles a été très remarquable sur les souches fongiques testées, notamment Trichophyton mentagrophytes et Aspergillus fumigatus, avec un effet moindre sur Candida albicans. Cette étude valide ainsi scientifiquement les usages traditionnels des extraits de la plante Erigeron floribundus en médecine traditionnelle.
Repressed, Remitted, Rejected
Authors: Roth Karl Heinz , Rübner Hartmut
Published: September 2021

Since unification, the Federal Republic of Germany has carried out vaunted efforts to make amends for the crimes of the Third Reich. Yet it remains the case that the demands for restitution by many countries that were occupied during the Second World War are unresolved, and recent demands from Greece and Poland have only reignited old debates. This book reconstructs the German occupation of Poland and Greece and gives a thorough accounting of these debates. Working from the perspective of international law, it deepens the scholarly discourse around the issue, clarifying the ‘never-ending story’ of German reparations policy and making a principled call for further action.