bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Slow-Release Fertilizers with Function of Water Retention Using Eco-Friendly Starch Hydrogels
Authors: Song Yue , Ma Litao , Duan Qingfei , Xie Huifang , Dong Xinyi , Zhang Huaran , Yu Long
Published: October 2024

Over the past two decades, the development and commercialization of slow-release fertilizers (SRFs) have significantly advanced, with the primary aim of mitigating environmental issues associated with excessive fertilizer use. A range of methodologies, including chemical and physical reactions, incorporation into carriers with porous and layered structures, and coating techniques, have been explored and refined. On the other hand, global challenges such as drought and desertification further underscore the need for SRFs that not only control nutrient release but also improve soil moisture retention. This paper reviews the development and application of eco-friendly starch hydrogels as fertilizer carriers and water retention for SRFs, particularly starch-based superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) produced through grafting copolymerization with acrylamide. This review explores both scientific issues, such as the microstructures and releasing mechanisms of SAPs, and technical development, involving copolymerization technologies, multi-initialization processes, methods of loading fertilizer into hydrogel, etc. Starch, as both a biodegradable and renewable carbohydrate polymer, offers distinct advantages due to its excellent chemical stability and high reactivity. The fabrication techniques of SAPs have been developed from traditional batch polymerization in aqueous solutions to more efficient, solvent-free reactive extrusion. The benefits of SRFs based on SAPs encompass enhanced soil aeration, the prevention of soil deterioration, the minimization of water evaporation, environmental pollution control, reduction in plant mortality, and prolonged nutrient retention within soil. In this review, we summarize the current progress, identify limitations in existing technologies, and propose future research directions to further enhance the performance of starch-based SRFs.
Bio-Based Self-Healing Epoxy Vitrimers with Dynamic Imine and Disulfide Bonds Derived from Vanillin, Cystamine, and Dimer Diamine
Authors: Abe Itsuki , Shibata Mitsuhiro
Published: October 2024

The condensation reactions of 4,4′-(ethane-1,2-diylbis (oxy)) bis(3-methoxybenzaldehyde) (VV) with cystamine, 1,6-hexamenthylene diamine, and a dimer diamine (PriamineTM 1075) produced three types of vanillin-derived imine-and disulfide-containing diamines (VC, VH, and VD, respectively). Thermal curing reactions of polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether with VD and mixtures of VC/VD and VH/VD produced bio-based epoxy vitrimers (BEV-VD, BEV-VC/VD, and BEV-VH/VD, respectively). The degree of swelling and gel fraction tests revealed the formation of a network structure, and the crosslinking density increased with a decreasing VD fraction. The glass transition temperature, tensile strength, and tensile modulus of the cured films increased as the VD fraction decreased. In contrast, the thermal degradation temperature of the cured films increased as the VD fraction increased. All the cured films were healed by hot pressing at 120 °C for 2 h under 1 MPa at least three times. The healing efficiencies, based on tensile strength after the first healing treatment, were 75–78%, which gradually decreased as the healing cycle was repeated. When imine-and disulfide-containing BEV-VC/VD and imine-containing BEV-VH/VD with the same VC/VD and VH/VD ratios were used, the former exhibited a slightly higher healing efficiency.
Enhancing Drug Solubility, Bioavailability, and Targeted Therapeutic Applications through Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhuo Yue , Zhao Yong-Gang , Zhang Yun
Published: October 2024

Biological variability poses significant challenges in the development of effective therapeutics, particularly when it comes to drug solubility and bioavailability. Poor solubility across varying physiological conditions often leads to reduced absorption and inconsistent therapeutic outcomes. This review examines how nanotechnology, especially through the use of nanomaterials and magnetic nanoparticles, offers innovative solutions to enhance drug solubility and bioavailability. This comprehensive review focuses on recent advancements and approaches in nanotechnology. We highlight both the successes and remaining challenges in this field, emphasizing the role of continued innovation. Future research should prioritize developing universal therapeutic solutions, conducting interdisciplinary research, and leveraging personalized nanomedicine to address biological variability.
Active Sites on the CuCo Catalyst in Higher Alcohol Synthesis from Syngas: A Review
Authors: Han Chun , Liu Jing , Li Le , Peng Zeyu , Wu Luyao , Hao Jiarong , Huang Wei
Published: October 2024

Higher alcohol synthesis through the Fischer–Tropsch (F–T) process was considered a promising route for the efficient utilization of fossil resources could be achieved. The CuCo catalysts were proven to be efficient candidates and attracted much interest. Great efforts have been made to investigate the active sites and mechanisms of CuCo catalysts. However, the industrialized application of CuCo catalysts in this process was still hindered. The poor stability of this catalyst was one of the main reasons. This short review summarized the recent development of active sites on the CuCo catalysts for higher alcohol synthesis, including CuCo alloy particles, CuCo core–shell particles, and unsaturated particles. The complex active sites and their continual changes during the reaction led to the poor stability of the catalysts. The effect of active sites on catalytic performance was discussed. Furthermore, the key factors in fabricating stable CuCo catalysts were proposed. Finally, reasonable proposals were proposed for designing efficient and stable CuCo catalysts in higher alcohol synthesis.
Snowflake Iron Oxide Architectures: Synthesis and Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Kusior Anna , Waś Olga , Liczberska Zuzanna , Łacic Julia , Jeleń Piotr
Published: October 2024

The synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanostructures, specifically snowflake architecture, are investigated for their potential applications in electrochemical sensing systems. A Raman spectroscopy analysis reveals phase diversity in the synthesized powders. The pH of the synthesis affects the formation of the hematite (α-Fe2O3) and goethite (α-FeOOH). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirm the distinct morphologies of the particles, which are selectively obtained through recrystallization during the elongated reaction time. An electrochemical analysis demonstrates the differing behaviors of the particles, with synthesis pH affecting the electrochemical activity and surface area differently for each shape. Cyclic voltammetry measurements reveal reversible dopamine detection processes, with snowflake iron oxide showing lower detection limits than a mixture of snowflakes and cube-like particles. This research contributes to understanding the relationship between iron oxide nanomaterials’ structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties. It offers practical insights into their potential applications in sensor technology, particularly dopamine detection, with implications for biomedical and environmental monitoring.
Development of an LC–TOF/MS Method to Quantify Camrelizumab in Human Serum
Authors: Song Li , Liang Yan , Li Yilin , Guo Tingting , Li Hui , Liang Shuxuan
Published: October 2024

With the advantages of a high specificity, a long half-life, and a high safety, the use of antibody biologic drugs, including camrelizumab, has been rapidly increasing in clinical practice. Camrelizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor and humanized monoclonal antibody, is used to treat several advanced solid cancers. Measuring its concentration supports personalized dosage adjustments, influences treatment decisions for patients, strengthens the control of disease activity through therapeutic drug monitoring, and helps evaluate and prevent drug interactions in combination therapy. Because antibodies are present in complex biological matrices, quantifying monoclonal antibody drugs is challenging, and must rely on precise, selective, and reliable analytical methods. In this study, a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry TripleTOF 6600+ (AB SCIEX, Framingham, MA, USA) system equipped with a Turbo V ion source was used for the qualitative analysis of monoclonal antibodies using the data-dependent acquisition (IDA) MS/MS mode, followed by quantitative analysis using a targeted MRMHR workflow. This method showed a good linear relationship within the range of 4–160 μg/mL, with a correlation coefficient of R2 ≥ 0.996. It demonstrated an acceptable accuracy (88.95–101.18%) and precision (≤15%). Furthermore, the lower limit of quantification was found to be 4 μg/mL, with the lowest detection limit of 0.3217 μg/mL, indicating that this method is rapid, accurate, and reliable for the quantitative analysis of camrelizumab in human serum.
A Simple Analysis of the Second (Extra) Disulfide Bridge of VHHs
Authors: Martins Carla , Gardebien Fabrice , Nadaradjane Aravindan Arun , Diharce Julien , de Brevern Alexandre G.
Published: October 2024

Camelids produce a special type of antibody, known as VHHs, that has lost the VL domain, providing a more optimised VH domain. This particular highly stable antibody domain has interesting properties for biotechnological development. Ordinarily, those molecules possess only one disulphide bridge, but surprisingly, at least a quarter of these VHHs have a second one. Curiously, this does not seem to be essential for the stability and the function of this domain. In an attempt to characterise precisely the role and impact of this disulphide bridge at the molecular level, several in silico mutants of a VHH were created to disrupt this second disulphide bridge and those systems were submitted to molecular dynamics simulation. The loss of the second disulphide bridge leads to an increase in the flexibility of CDR1 and CDR3 and an unexpected rigidification of CDR2. Local conformational analysis shows local differences in the observed protein conformations. However, in fact, there is no exploration of new conformations but a change in the equilibrium between the different observed conformations. This explains why the interaction of VHHs is not really affected by the presence or absence of this second bridge, but their rigidity is slightly reduced. Therefore, the additional disulphide bridge does not seem to be an essential part of VHHs function.
Thermal and Sono—Aqueous Reforming of Alcohols for Sustainable Hydrogen Production
Authors: Kee Choon Wee , Zheng Jia’E , Yap Wei Jie , Ou Yong Roy , Liu Yan
Published: October 2024

Hydrogen is a clean-burning fuel with water as its only by-product, yet its widespread adoption is hampered by logistical challenges. Liquid organic hydrogen carriers, such as alcohols from sustainable sources, can be converted to hydrogen through aqueous-phase reforming (APR), a promising technology that bypasses the energy-intensive vaporization of feedstocks. However, the hydrothermal conditions of APR pose significant challenges to catalyst stability, which is crucial for its industrial deployment. This review focuses on the stability of catalysts in APR, particularly in sustaining hydrogen production over extended durations or multiple reaction cycles. Additionally, we explore the potential of ultrasound-assisted APR, where sonolysis enables hydrogen production without external heating. Although the technological readiness of ultrasound-assisted or -induced APR currently trails behind thermal APR, the development of catalysts optimized for ultrasound use may unlock new possibilities in the efficient hydrogen production from alcohols.
Production of Long-Fiber Pulp from Enset Plant Residues by Soda Pulping
Authors: Berhanu Lemma Hanna , Steffen Friedrich , Yimam Ali Abubeker , Saake Bodo
Published: October 2024

This paper evaluates the modification of fiber morphology and the strength property development of paper from Enset fiber as a function of soda pulping conditions and refining energy. Soda pulping was conducted at pulping temperatures between 160 and 180 °C. The NaOH charge was 16, 20, and 24% based on the initial raw material. The beating of pulp was conducted using a Jokro mill. The refining of pulp was conducted in a laboratory refiner at different refining intensities. The mild Jokro mill beating was not effective on Enset fiber pulp. On the other hand, the laboratory refiner effectively refined the pulp. The fiber morphology was altered in the way of improving the paper formation and strength. The beating degree of the pulp was increased to about 49 °SR. The tensile index was enhanced to around 80 Nm/g using a refining energy input of 250 kwh/t. From the results, it can be concluded that Enset fiber pulp is suitable for packaging papers due to its high strength level. On the other hand, Enset fiber can be a potential raw material for specialty papers like filter paper and tea bags because of its high porosity.
A New Insight into the Molecular Mechanism of the Reaction between 2-Methoxyfuran and Ethyl (Z)-3-phenyl-2-nitroprop-2-enoate: An Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT) Computational Study
Authors: Sadowski Mikołaj , Dresler Ewa , Wróblewska Aneta , Jasiński Radomir
Published: October 2024

The molecular mechanism of the reaction between 2-methoxyfuran and ethyl (Z)-3-phenyl-2-nitroprop-2-enoate was investigated using wb97xd/6-311+G(d,p)(PCM) quantum chemical calculations. It was found that the most probable reaction mechanism is fundamentally different from what was previously postulated. In particular, six possible zwitterionic intermediates were detected on the reaction pathway. Their formation is determined by the nature of local nucleophile/electrophile interactions. Additionally, the channel involving the formation of the exo-nitro Diels–Alder cycloadduct was completely ruled out. Finally, the electronic nature of the five- and six-membered nitronates as potential TACs was evaluated.
A New Activity Assay Method for Diamine Oxidase Based on Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Strnad Jan , Soural Miroslav , Šebela Marek
Published: October 2024

Copper-containing diamine oxidases are ubiquitous enzymes that participate in many important biological processes. These processes include the regulation of cell growth and division, programmed cell death, and responses to environmental stressors. Natural substrates include, for example, putrescine, spermidine, and histamine. Enzymatic activity is typically assayed using spectrophotometric, electrochemical, or fluorometric methods. The aim of this study was to develop a method for measuring activity using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry based on the intensity ratio of product to product-plus-substrate signals in the reaction mixtures. For this purpose, an enzyme purified to homogeneity from pea (Pisum sativum) seedlings was used. The method employed α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid as a matrix with the addition of cetrimonium bromide. Product signal intensities with pure compounds were evaluated in the presence of equal substrate amounts to determine intensity correction factors for data processing calculations. The kinetic parameters kcat and Km for the oxidative deamination of selected substrates were determined. These results were compared to parallel measurements using an established spectrophotometric method, which involved a coupled reaction of horseradish peroxidase and guaiacol, and were discussed in the context of data from the literature and the BRENDA database. It was found that the method provides accurate results that are well comparable with parallel spectrophotometry. This method offers advantages such as low sample consumption, rapid serial measurements, and potential applicability in assays where colored substances interfere with spectrophotometry.
Doxorubicin Incorporation into Gold Nanoparticles: An In Vivo Study of Its Effects on Cardiac Tissue in Rats
Authors: Dulf Patricia Lorena , Coadă Camelia Alexandra , Florea Adrian , Moldovan Remus , Baldea Ioana , Dulf Daniel Vasile , Blendea Dan , David Luminita , Moldovan Bianca , Morosan Valentina Ioana , Macavei Sergiu , Filip Gabriela Adriana
Published: October 2024

Gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) have been explored as potential vectors for enhancing the antitumor efficacy of doxorubicin (DOX) while minimizing its cardiotoxic effects. However, the impacts of DOX Au-NPs on cardiac function and oxidative stress remain inadequately understood. This study aimed to explore the effects of DOX Au-NPs in comparison to free DOX, focusing on oxidative stress markers, inflammation, ultrastructural changes, and cardiac function. Male rats were divided into the following four groups: control, citrate Au-NPs, DOX, and DOX Au-NPs. Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography, and oxidative stress was evaluated through Nrf2, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, and the GSH/GSSG ratio. The ultrastructure of cardiac tissue was assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Rats treated with DOX Au-NPs exhibited significant cardiac dysfunction, as indicated by a reduction in fractional shortening and ejection fraction. Oxidative stress markers, including elevated MDA levels and a reduced GSH/GSSG ratio, were significantly worse in the DOX Au-NP group. SOD levels decreased, indicating compromised antioxidant defenses. Citrate Au-NPs also caused some alterations in cardiac function and ultrastructure but without other molecular alterations. DOX Au-NPs failed to mitigate cardiotoxicity, instead exacerbating oxidative stress and cardiac dysfunction. DOX Au-NPs possess cardiotoxic effects, necessitating further investigation into alternative nanoparticle formulations or therapeutic combinations to ensure both efficacy and safety in cancer treatment.
Effects of Specially Designed Energy-Restricted Diet on Anthropometric Parameters and Cardiometabolic Risk in Overweight and Obese Adults: Pilot Study
Authors: Petrovic Ana , Jovicic Snezana , Dodevska Margarita , Djordjevic Brizita , Milinkovic Neda , Ivanovic Nevena D.
Published: October 2024

Background/Aims: This study examined the effects of a specially designed energy-restricted diet with alternate carbohydrate intake on body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults. The aim was to assess whether the intervention could lead to significant weight loss, improve body composition, and reduce cardiometabolic risks. Methods: Sixty-five participants (34 women, 31 men) with an average BMI of 31.8 ± 9.1 kg/m2 (women) and 34.1 ± 6.4 kg/m2 (men) participated in a 14-week intervention. The diet included different days of carbohydrate intake and a 20% reduction in total daily energy consumption. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters, including predictive indices of cardiometabolic risk, were determined at baseline and after the intervention. Results: The intervention resulted in a significant reduction in body weight (mean weight loss of 17%, p < 0.001), with 64.6% of participants achieving a weight loss of at least 10%. Muscle mass as a percentage of total body weight increased. Cardiometabolic improvements were observed in fasting blood glucose (from 5.4 to 4.9 mmol/L, p < 0.001) and LDL cholesterol (from 3.38 to 2.81 mmol/L, p < 0.001). Gender-specific differences were found, particularly in HDL-C, which decreased significantly in women (p = 0.013), while there was a non-significant increase in men. Cardiometabolic indices, including the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) and the Cardiometabolic Index (CMI), also improved significantly. Conclusions: The alternate carbohydrate diet improved body composition, cardiometabolic health, and treatment adherence through metabolic flexibility. However, the short duration of this study and the lack of a control group suggest that further research is needed to assess long-term sustainability.
Who Would Taste It? Exploring Decision-Making Styles and Intention to Eat Insect-Based Food among Italian University Students
Authors: Vanutelli Maria Elide , Adorni Roberta , Leone Paolo Alberto , Luperini Aldo , D’Addario Marco , Steca Patrizia
Published: October 2024

Background: Although insect-based foods (IBFs) have been recently proposed as a way to face climate crisis and starvation, they encounter aversion from Western countries, which express fear, disgust, and high risk. The contribution of psychology research to food choices highlights how decisions are made, not only through reasoned attitudes and goal-directed behavior, but also through more automatic associations (dual-system models). Methods: In this paper, we investigated people’s dispositions towards IBFs by combining (a) explicit attitudes (as assessed via self-report scales), (b) automatic associations (as measured via indirect measures), and (c) intention to taste, and comparing different profiles based on (d) psychological factors, including decision-making style, food neophobia, and trust in science and scientist. A pilot sample of 175 Italian university students participated in the study. Results: The analyses of the general sample highlighted rather negative attitudes. The cluster analysis identified 4 decision-making profiles: ‘the gut feeling’, ‘the suspicious’, ‘the vicarious’, and ‘the mind’. It revealed more favorable opinions in ‘the mind’ profile, characterized by a rational decision-making style and high trust in science, and very aversive reactions from ‘the suspicious’ profile, characterized by high food neophobia and low trust in science. Conclusions: The results underline the importance of psychological factors in interpreting people’s reactions to IBF and changes in dietary habits based on the decision-making process. They suggest possible strategies to promote eco-friendly diets.
Heavy Metal and Trace Element Status and Dietary Determinants in Children with Phenylketonuria
Authors: Erdal İzzet , Yıldız Yılmaz , Yalçın Siddika Songül , Yirün Anıl , Çakır Deniz Arca , Erkekoğlu Pınar
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Heavy metals are a group of metals and metalloids that have a relatively high density. They can cause toxicity even at very low levels. Trace elements are required by all living organisms to maintain their normal growth, metabolism, and development. Oral intake is the main route of exposure to both heavy metals and trace elements. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most common amino acid metabolic disorder, and the best known treatment for patients requiring treatment is a phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the plasma heavy metal levels, sources of exposure, changes in these levels according to dietary regimen, and trace element levels and their correlations with heavy metals in PKU patients. Methods: The study was conducted between July 2022 and January 2024 on 105 patients aged 2–6 years diagnosed with PKU. Results: The percentage of Pb levels in individuals in the upper quartile increased by 3.47 times (95% CI = 1.07–11.29) in those who consumed canned foods and 7.29 times (95% CI = 1.21–44.03) in those who consumed spring water. The percentage of As levels in the upper tertile increased by a factor of 7.26 (95% CI = 2.09–25.28) in individuals under four years of age and 8.17 times (95% CI = 2.13–31.27) in canned food users. The odds of having blood Cd levels in the upper tertile were 0.09 (95% CI = 0.01–0.96) for those being breastfed for 6–11 months compared to 0–5 months. Zn levels were lower (93.0 vs. 83.6 µg/dL, p = 0.008) in patients on a Phe-restricted diet. Conclusions: The present study did not find a relationship between heavy metal exposure and the dietary treatment status of patients with PKU. Our findings indicate that canned food consumption is a significant contributing factor to heavy metal exposure in PKU patients. Furthermore, our findings revealed a relationship between age, perception of economic level, breastfeeding, kitchen equipment, and water usage and the levels of certain heavy metals.
The Relationship between the Mediterranean Diet and Vascular Stiffness, Metabolic Syndrome, and Its Components in People over 65 Years of Age
Authors: Gómez-Sánchez Leticia , Gómez-Sánchez Marta , García-Ortiz Luis , Agudo-Conde Cristina , Lugones-Sánchez Cristina , Gonzalez-Sánchez Susana , Rodríguez-Sánchez Emiliano , Gómez-Marcos Manuel A.
Published: October 2024

Objectives: The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between the Mediterranean diet (MD) and vascular stiffness and metabolic syndrome (MetS), as well as its components in individuals over the age of 65, overall and by sex. Methods: The subjects of the study were people over 65 years of age, with a full record of all variables analyzed from the EVA, MARK, and EVIDENT studies. Data from 1280 subjects with a mean age of 69.52 ± 3.58 years (57.5% men) were analyzed. The MD was recorded with the validated 14 item MEDAS questionnaire. MetS was defined following the guidelines of the joint scientific statement from the Programa Nacional de Educación sobre el Colesterol III. Vascular stiffness was evaluated with the VaSera VS-1500® device by measuring the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Results: The mean MEDAS score was 6.00 ± 1.90, (5.92 ± 1.92 in males, 6.11 ± 1.88 in females; p = 0.036). CAVI: 9.30 ± 1.11 (9.49 ± 1.05 males, 9.03 ± 1.13 females; p = <0.001). baPWV: 15.82 ± 2.56 (15.75 ± 2.46 males, 15.92 ± 2.68 females; p = <0.001). MetS was found in 51% (49% males, 54% females; p = 0.036). Subjects with MetS had lower MD adherence and higher vascular stiffness values than subjects without MetS. Overall, we found a negative association with MD score and the number of MetS components (β = −0.168), with glycemia (β = −0.007), triglycerides (β = −0.003), waist circumference (β = −0.018), CAVI (β = −0.196) and baPWV (β = −0.065), and a positive association with HDL cholesterol (β = 0.013). Regarding sex, associations followed the same direction but without reaching statistical significance with blood glucose and triglycerides in females and with HDL cholesterol and waist circumference in males. Conclusions: The results indicate that greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet decreases vascular stiffness and the percentage of subjects with MetS, although results differed in the association with MetS components by sex.
‘Supporting the Support Staff’: A Narrative Review of Nutritional Opportunities to Enhance Recovery and Wellbeing in Multi-Disciplinary Soccer Performance Staff
Authors: Curtis Christopher , Carling Christopher , Tooley Edward , Russell Mark
Published: October 2024

Background: With ever-increasing training, match-play and travel demands in professional soccer, recovery is vital for athletic performance, a statement amplified in tournament and in-season scenarios. However, alongside supporting the tasks associated with these increased demands, the recovery and wellbeing strategies recommended for playing staff are often unavailable to their support staff counterparts, who routinely experience extended working hours over and above scheduled player attendance. Methods: Focusing on the contributions of nutrition to this undoubtedly multifactorial issue, this narrative review aimed to (1) identify potential strategies to enhance recovery and wellbeing in multi-disciplinary soccer support staff and (2) highlight future research opportunities exploring the benefits of nutrition for those staff in soccer performance-related support roles. Results: The potential health and wellbeing consequences of chronic sub-optimal practices suggest that chrononutrition strategies may be an area of future interest. Notably, nutritional strategies that enhance sleep hygiene and immune function warrant consideration. Individualizing such strategies to maximize recovery and wellbeing in multi-disciplinary soccer support staff should offer an adjunct and complementary strategy to the holistic performance-focused support provided to professional soccer players. Conclusions: Policymakers responsible for organizational and club structures aligned with soccer performance could consider ‘Supporting the Support Staff’ when seeking to improve overall performance.
Effect of Time-Restricted Eating on Circulating Levels of IGF1 and Its Binding Proteins in Obesity: An Exploratory Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Akasheh Rand Talal , Ankireddy Aparna , Gabel Kelsey , Ezpeleta Mark , Lin Shuhao , Tamatam Chandra Mohan , Reddy Sekhar P. , Spring Bonnie , Cheng Ting-Yuan David , Fontana Luigi , Khan Seema Ahsan , Varady Krista A. , Cienfuegos Sofia , Kalam Faiza
Published: October 2024

Obesity is associated with alterations in circulating IGF1, IGF1-binding proteins (IGFBPs), insulin, inflammatory markers, and hormones implicated in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and aging. However, the effects of 4 and 6 h time-restricted eating (TRE) on circulating IGF1 and IGFBPs is uncertain. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of TRE on plasma IGF1, IGFBP1, IGFBP2, and IGFBP3, and whether these effects were mediated by weight loss or body composition changes. Insulin sensitivity, glucose control, adipokines, and inflammatory markers were also examined. Design: An exploratory analysis of an 8-week randomized controlled trial implementing a daily TRE intervention was carried out. Participants/Setting: This study was conducted at the University of Illinois at Chicago in 2019. Participants with obesity were randomized to 4 or 6 h TRE (n = 35) or a control (n = 14) group. Plasma biomarkers were measured by ELISA at baseline and week 8. In a sub-analysis, participants were stratified into higher- (>3.5%) and lower- (≤3.5%) weight-loss groups. Intervention: Participants fasted daily from 7 p.m. to 3 p.m. in the 4 h TRE group (20 h) and from 7 p.m. to 1 p.m. in the 6 h TRE group (18 h), followed by ad libitum eating for the remainder of the day. Controls received no dietary recommendations. Main outcome measures: IGF1, IGFBPs, hsCRP, and adipokines were the main outcome measures of this analysis. Statistical Analysis: Repeated measures ANOVA and mediation analysis were conducted. Results: Body weight significantly decreased with TRE (−3.6 ± 0.3%), contrasting with controls (+0.2 ± 0.5%, p < 0.001). Significant effects of TRE over time were observed on plasma IGFBP2, insulin, HOMA-IR, and 8-isoprostane levels, without affecting other biomarkers. In the sub-analysis, IGFBP2 increased while leptin and 8-isoprostane decreased significantly only in the “higher weight loss” subgroup. Changes in insulin and HOMA-IR were related to TRE adherence. Conclusions: Eight-week daily 4 to 6 h TRE did not affect IGF1, IGFBP1, or IGFBP3 levels but improved insulin, HOMA-IR, and 8-isoprostane. IGFBP2 increased and leptin decreased when weight loss exceeded 3.5% of baseline.
Media Usage and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Children
Authors: Buja Alessandra , Miatton Andrea , Zanovello Anna , Brocadello Filippo , Baldovin Tatjana , Muhiddin Marian Nur , Spreghini Ilaria
Published: October 2024

Background: Increased screen time in children is significantly associated with lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD). The purpose of this study was to explore the association between different types of media use and the adherence to the MD in children. Methods: The study sample included 332 children aged 10–11 years attending the fifth year of primary school in Veneto, north-east Italy. The children’s mothers were surveyed on their children’s adherence to the MD, using the KidMed questionnaire, and on the time of media use, using the Media Activity Form-Parent (MAF-P). A multivariable backward stepwise linear regression was applied, adjusting the association for other potential confounding factors. Results: Children’s primary digital activities were watching TV or streaming platforms (5.0 h/week) and video content (2.5 h/week), followed by digital games (2.3 h/week). Lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with digital games (regression coefficient −0.65, SE 0.29, p = 0.026) and time spent watching TV or streaming platforms (regression coefficient −0.60, SE 0.29, p = 0.04). Conclusion: Interventions to promote healthier diets justify an approach that includes media education. Providing parents with recommendations on children’s use of digital media devices can empower them to improve their children’s well-being.
Resveratrol and Its Natural Analogs Mitigate Immune Dysregulation and Oxidative Imbalance in the Endometriosis Niche Simulated in a Co-Culture System of Endometriotic Cells and Macrophages
Authors: Gołąbek-Grenda Agata , Juzwa Wojciech , Kaczmarek Mariusz , Olejnik Anna
Published: October 2024

Background: Inflammation and immune cell dysfunction are critical facilitators of endometriosis pathophysiology. Macrophages are renowned for stimulating lesion growth, vascularization, innervation, and pain generation. By combining macrophages and endometriotic cells, we determined if resveratrol and its natural analogs can target the immune dysregulation and oxidative imbalance in endometriosis. Methods: After treatment with compounds (5, 10, 25 µM), we evaluated the expression of key inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, cytokines release, and ROS production by applying q-PCR, ELISA, Cytometric Beads Array, and multiplexed fluorogenic staining and flow cytometry analysis with bioimaging. Results: The results showed that endometriosis-related macrophages treated with stilbenes have impaired expression of pro-inflammatory markers (IL6, IL8, IL1B, TNF, CCL2, CXCL10, PTGS2). The effect of resveratrol, pterostilbene, and piceatannol was observed, especially in reducing IL1B, CCL2, and CXCL10 genes up to 3.5-, 5-, and 7.7-fold at 25 µM, respectively. Also, with piceatannol or polydatin exposure, the IL-6 decrease was noticeable. This study reported an antioxidant effect by reducing ROS-positive cells from 96% to 48% by pterostilbene. Results from flow cytometry correlated with the transcript activation of detoxification enzymes (SOD, GPX). Conclusions: Prospects for potential therapy based on regulating the immune microenvironment and reducing the accumulation of free radicals with stilbenes application were described in the article.
Correction: Nazeer et al. Bacterial-Specific Aggregation and Killing of Immunomodulatory Host Defense Peptides. Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14, 839
Authors: Nazeer Nauman , Rodriguez-Lecompte Juan Carlos , Ahmed Marya
Published: October 2024

In the original publication [...]
Comparison of the Results of Modeling Pulmonary Fibrosis in Sprague Dawley Rats by Intratracheal Administration of Bleomycin in the Form of Sulfate and Chloride at a Dose of 3 mg/kg
Authors: Tukhovskaya Elena A. , Palikova Yulia A. , Severyukhina Mariya S. , Ismailova Alina M. , Palikov Victor A. , Slashcheva Gulsara A. , Borozdina Natalya A. , Mikhaylov Evgeniy S. , Kravchenko Irina N. , Kazakov Vitaly A. , Kazakova Ekaterina N. , Kalabina Elena A. , Rasskazova Ekaterina A. , Shinelev Maxim V. , Rzhevsky Dmitry I. , Rykov Vladimir A. , Dyachenko Igor A. , Murashev Arkady N.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Intratracheal administration of bleomycin (BLM) to laboratory rodents is a standard, widely used technique used to model pulmonary fibrosis (PF). BLM, as a modeling agent, is produced mainly in the form of two salts—sulfate and chloride. We compared the results of modeling PF in SD rats by intratracheal administration of BLM sulfate and BLM chloride. Methods: Healthy mature male SD rats were used. PF was modeled by intratracheal administration of BLM sulfate and BLM chloride at a dose of 3 mg/kg. The criteria for the development of PF included body weight gain, changes in respiratory parameters, relative lung weight, cellular composition of broncho-alveolar fluid (BALF), histological assessment of the severity of PF with trichrome Masson staining. Results: Intratracheal administration of both BLM salts led to the development of pronounced PF, which was determined by changes in all of the measured parameters relative to control animals. There were no significant differences between the BLM sulfate and BLM chloride groups in body weight gain, hydroxyproline content, and histological evaluation. However, significant differences were identified in the cellular composition of BALF—a significant increase in alveolar macrophages and neutrophils levels in animals treated with BLM sulfate. Conclusions: Intratracheal administration of both BLM salts led to the development of severe PF; however, the inflammatory process in animals receiving BLM sulfate was more pronounced and prolonged than in animals receiving BLM chloride, which in the former, when observed more than 21 days after modeling, can lead to more severe PF.
Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of Cell Therapy Based on Osteoblasts Derived from Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: Study Protocol for a Single-Center, Open-Label, Phase I Clinical Trial
Authors: Baek Seung-Hoon , Shim Bum-Jin , Won Heejae , Lee Sunray , Lee Yeon Kyung , Park Hyun Sook , Kim Shin-Yoon
Published: October 2024

Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) insertion has gained recent attention as a joint-preserving procedure, no study has conducted direct intralesional implantation of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUCMSCs) in patients with ONFH. This is a protocol for a phase 1 clinical trial designed to assess the safety and exploratory efficacy of human umbilical cord-derived osteoblasts (hUC-Os), osteogenic differentiation-induced cells from hUCMSCs, in patients with early-stage ONFH. Nine patients with Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) stage 1 or 2 will be assigned to a low-dose (1 × 107 hUC-O cells, n = 3), medium-dose (2 × 107 cells, n = 3), and high-dose group (4 × 107 cells, n = 3) in the order of their arrival at the facility, and, depending on the occurrence of dose-limiting toxicity, up to 18 patients can be enrolled by applying the 3 + 3 escalation method. We will perform hUC-O (CF-M801) transplantation combined with core decompression and follow-up for 12 weeks according to the study protocol. Safety will be determined through adverse event assessment, laboratory tests including a panel reactive antibody test, vital sign assessment, physical examination, and electrocardiogram. Efficacy will be explored through the change in pain visual analog scale, Harris hip score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, ARCO stage, and also size and location of necrotic lesion according to Japanese Investigation Committee classification before and after the procedure. Joint preservation is important, particularly in younger, active patients with ONFH. Confirmation of the safety and efficacy of hUC-Os will lead to a further strategy to preserve joints for those suffering from ONFH and improve our current knowledge of cell therapy.
Cobaltabis(Dicarbollide) [o-COSAN]− for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy of Head and Neck Cancer: Biodistribution and Irradiation Studies in an Experimental Oral Cancer Model
Authors: Palmieri Mónica A. , Monti Hughes Andrea , Trivillin Verónica A. , Garabalino Marcela A. , Ramos Paula S. , Thorp Silvia I. , Curotto Paula , Pozzi Emiliano C. C. , Nuez Martínez Miquel , Teixidor Francesc , Viñas Clara , Schwint Amanda E.
Published: October 2024

Background: Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a tumor-selective particle radiotherapy that combines preferential boron accumulation in tumors and neutron irradiation. Based on previous studies in tumor-bearing mice, this study evaluated the biodistribution of the sodium salt of cobaltabis(dicarbollide) (Na[3,3′-Co(C2B9H11)2], abbreviated as Na[o-COSAN]) in the hamster cheek pouch oral cancer model and the Na[o-COSAN]/BNCT therapeutic effect on tumors and induced radiotoxicity. The synthesis and comprehensive characterization of 10B-enriched trimethylammonium salt of nido-[7,8-C210B9H12]−o-carborane, along with the cesium and sodium salts of [o-10COSAN] cobaltabis(dicarbollide) are reported here for the first time. Methods: Hamsters bearing tumors were injected with Na[o-COSAN] (7.5 mg B/kg) and euthanized at different time-points after injection (30 min, 2, 3, 5, and 18 h post-administration) to evaluate boron uptake in different tissues/organs. Based on these results, tumor-bearing animals were treated with Na[10B-o-COSAN]/BNCT (7.5 mg B/kg b.w., 3 h), prescribing 5 Gy total in absorbed dose to the precancerous tissue surrounding tumors, i.e., the dose-limiting tissue. Results: Na[o-10COSAN] exhibited no toxicity. Although biodistribution studies employing Na[o-COSAN] have shown low absolute boron concentration in the tumor (approx. 11 ppm), Na[o-10COSAN]/BNCT induced a high and significant therapeutic effect on tumors versus the control group (cancerized, untreated animals). Moreover, only half of the animals exhibited severe mucositis in the precancerous dose-limiting tissue after BNCT, which resolved completely at 21 days after irradiation. Conclusions: Na[o-10COSAN] would be potentially useful to treat head and neck cancer with BNCT.
Trends in Antidiabetic Drug Use and Safety of Metformin in Diabetic Patients with Varying Degrees of Chronic Kidney Disease from 2010 to 2021 in Korea: Retrospective Cohort Study Using the Common Data Model
Authors: Joo Sung Hwan , Yang Seungwon , Lee Suhyun , Park Seok Jun , Park Taemin , Rhee Sang Youl , Cha Jae Myung , Rhie Sandy Jeong , Hwang Hyeon Seok , Kim Yang Gyun , Chung Eun Kyoung
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to investigate trends in antidiabetic drug use and assess the risk of metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: A retrospective observational analysis based on the common data model was conducted using electronic medical records from 2010 to 2021. The patients included were aged ≥18, diagnosed with CKD and type 2 diabetes, and had received antidiabetic medications for ≥30 days. MALA was defined as pH ≤ 7.35 and arterial lactate ≥4 mmol/L. Results: A total of 8318 patients were included, with 6185 in CKD stages 1–2 and 2133 in stages 3a–5. Metformin monotherapy was the most prescribed regimen, except in stage 5 CKD. As CKD progressed, metformin use significantly declined; insulin and meglitinides were most frequently prescribed in end-stage renal disease. Over the study period, the use of SGLT2 inhibitors (13.3%) and DPP-4 inhibitors (24.5%) increased significantly, while sulfonylurea use decreased (p < 0.05). Metformin use remained stable in earlier CKD stages but significantly decreased in stage 3b or worse. The incidence rate (IR) of MALA was 1.22 per 1000 patient-years, with a significantly increased IR in stage 4 or worse CKD (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Metformin was the most prescribed antidiabetic drug in CKD patients in Korea with a low risk of MALA. Antidiabetic drug use patterns varied across CKD stages, with a notable decline in metformin use in advanced CKD and a rise in SGLT2 inhibitor prescriptions, underscoring the need for further optimized therapy.
Development of a pH-Sensitive Nanoparticle via Self-Assembly of Fucoidan and Protamine for the Oral Delivery of Insulin
Authors: Cai Hongying , Yong Fanxing , Li Rui , Chen Jianping , Liu Xiaofei , Song Bingbing , Wang Zhuo , Zhao Qiaoli , Zhong Saiyi
Published: October 2024

Objectives: Oral insulin delivery has received much attention over the past 20 years due to its high compliance. The aim of this study is to prepare nanoparticles for the oral delivery of insulin; Methods: Fucoidan and protamine were used to prepare a pH-sensitive nanoparticle via self-assembly. The secondary structure and in vitro stability of the nanoparticles were characterized using FTIR, XRD, ITC, and TEM. the nanoparticles had a controlled release effect on insulin in simulated intestinal fluid. The pre-liminary therapeutic effect on high-fat-fed type 2 diabetic mice; Results: When the fucoidan/protamine mass ratio was 10:3 (w/w), the particle size and zeta potential were 140.83 ± 1.64 nm and −48.13 ± 0.61 mV.The encapsulation efficiency of insulin was 62.97 ± 0.59%. The preliminary therapeutic effect on type 2 diabetic mice showed that the fasting blood glucose of diabetic mice decreased from 10.28 ± 0.88 mmol/L to 9.22 ± 0.64 mmol/L, the area under the curve value of oral glucose tolerance test was reduced by 11.70%, and the insulin se-cretion of diabetic mice was increased by 13.3%; Conclusions: The nanoparticles were prepared successfully by self-assembly. The empty and insulin-loaded nanoparticles remained stable in simulated gastric fluid, and the nanoparticles had a controlled release effect on insulin in simulated intestinal fluid. Moreover, insulin-loaded nanoparticles could relieve on type 2 diabetic mice.
Growth, Ecophysiological Responses, and Leaf Mineral Composition of Lettuce and Curly Endive in Hydroponic and Aquaponic Systems
Authors: Vanacore Lucia , El-Nakhel Christophe , Modarelli Giuseppe Carlo , Rouphael Youssef , Pannico Antonio , Langellotti Antonio Luca , Masi Paolo , Cirillo Chiara , De Pascale Stefania
Published: October 2024

Against the backdrop of climate change, soil loss, and water scarcity, sustainable food production is a pivotal challenge for humanity. As the global population grows and urbanization intensifies, innovative agricultural methods are crucial to meet rising food demand, while mitigating environmental degradation. Hydroponic and aquaponic systems, has emerged as one of these solutions by minimizing land use, reducing water consumption, and enabling year-round crop production in urban areas. This study aimed at assessing the yield, ecophysiological performance, and nutritional content of Lactuca sativa L. and Cichorium endivia L. var. crispum grown in hydroponic and aquaponic floating raft systems, with Oreochromis niloticus L. integrated into the aquaponic system. Both species exhibited higher fresh biomass and canopy/root ratios in hydroponics compared to aquaponics. Additionally, hydroponics increased the leaf number in curly endive by 18%. Ecophysiological parameters, such as the leaf net photosynthesis rate, actual yield of PSII, and linear electron transport rate, were also higher in hydroponics for both species. However, the nutritional profiles varied between the two cultivation systems and between the two species. Given that standard fish feed often lacks sufficient potassium levels for optimal plant growth, potassium supplementation could be a viable strategy to enhance plant development in aquaponic systems. In conclusion, although aquaponic systems may demonstrate lower productivity compared to hydroponics, they offer a more sustainable and potentially healthier product with fewer harmful compounds due to the reduced use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and the absence of chemical residue accumulation. However, careful system management and monitoring are crucial to minimize potential contaminants.