bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnic Differences in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Camargo Érica Cristina Sá de , Massaro Ayrton Roberto , Bacheschi Luiz Alberto , D’Amico Élbio Antônio , Villaça Paula Ribeiro , Bassitt Rogério Pastore , Gualandro Sandra Fátima , Bendit Israel , Scaff Milberto
Published: January 2005

Background: Cerebral venous thromboses (CVT) with distinct clinical presentations have been shown worldwide. However, there is little information regarding race-ethnic differences in this disease. Methods: We prospectively studied 50 CVT patients from Brazil, comparing clinical and laboratory data among white (W) and African-Brazilian (AB) patients. Results: Seventy percent of the patients were female, 26 W and 23 AB, mean age 34.7 years. Multiple sinus CVT, deep CVT and worse outcome were significantly more frequent in AB than in W patients. There was a trend towards a higher frequency of factor V Leiden and prothrombin mutation in W than in AB, and of protein C deficiency in AB. Conclusions: CVT was more severe in AB patients than in W patients. Race-ethnic differences may account for the heterogeneous distribution of inherited thrombophilia in this series.
Delay in Hospital Admission of Patients with Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: Ferro José M. , Lopes M.G. , Rosas M.J. , Fontes J.
Published: January 2005

Factors influencing early hospital admission have been described for several stroke types but not for cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis (CVT). CVT is more difficult to diagnose than arterial stroke; delay in hospital admission may postpone CVT treatment. The purposes of this study were: (1) to describe the delay between the onset of symptoms and hospital admission of patients with CVT, and (2) to identify the variables that influence that delay. We registered the interval (days) between the onset of symptoms and hospital admission in 91 consecutive patients admitted to 20 Portuguese hospitals between June 1995 and June 1998. We also studied the impact of admission delay on treatments (prescription of anticoagulants and the number of days elapsed between the onset of symptoms and start of anticoagulation and admission). Median admission delay was 4 days. Twenty-two (25%) patients were admitted within 24 h. Two thirds of the patients were admitted within 7 days and 75% within 13 days. In multiple logistic regression analysis, admission within 24 h was positively associated with mental status disorder (delirium or abulia; OR = 4.59; 95% CI = 1.41–14.89) and negatively associated with headache (OR = 0.03; 95% CI = 0.00–0.32). Presentation as isolated intracranial hypertension was associated with admission delay of more than 4 days (OR = 2.63; 95% CI = 0.97–7.14). Papilloedema was associated with an admission delay of more than 13 days (OR = 4.69; 95% CI = 1.61–13.61). There was no association between admission delay and the proportion of anticoagulated patients. The interval between onset of symptoms and start of anticoagulation was shorter in patients admitted earlier (p = 0.0001, for either admission within 24 h, 4 or 13 days). There is a considerable delay until the clinical picture associated with CVT is recognised as justifying hospital admission, especially when patients present with symptoms identical to isolated intracranial hypertension syndrome.
Ethical Issues of Informed Consent in Acute Stroke
Authors: Demarquay Geneviève , Derex Laurent , Nighoghossian Norbert , Adeleine Patrice , Philippeau Frédéric , Honnorat Jérôme , Trouillas Paul
Published: January 2005

Background: Many patients may be mentally incompetent or physically unable to give informed consent at the acute stage of stroke. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate the modalities of informed consent in urgent therapeutic stroke trials, the awareness of patients and relatives regarding stroke clinical trials and the impact of decision making on patients and relatives. Methods: We present a study of 56 acute ischemic stroke patients who were randomized in 4 trials (2 trials testing neuroprotective agents, 1 testing thrombolysis and 1 testing antithrombotic agents). A standardized questionnaire was used to assess the modalities of informed consent in this setting. Results: The mean age was 67.1 (SD 12.6) years. The mean baseline Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS) score was 23.8 (SD 10.5). Only 13 patients (23% of cases) gave consent while relatives gave consent for 43 patients (77%). The main reason for not getting consent from the patient was aphasia in 29 patients (67.4%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the two independent factors influencing the ability to give consent are age and baseline neurological deficit as assessed by the SSS score. Concerning the psychological impact of consent, none of the 10 patients who answered our questionnaire declared feeling uncomfortable when giving consent, while 7 out of the 13 relatives who could be reached declared they felt uncomfortable, mainly because of the psychological stress induced by urgent decision making. Conclusions: Our study emphasizes the specific ethical difficulties of informed consent in the setting of acute stroke research. Only a minority of patients are able to give consent at the acute stage. Increasing age and neurological deficit are independent predictors of inability to give consent. Thus, the responsibility for consent usually relies on relatives with potential inaccuracy of decision concerning the patient’s wish or even conflict of interest. Further evaluation of the psychological impact of decision on relatives is needed in this setting of acute stroke.
Evaluation of Cross-Reactivity between Holoptelea integrifolia and Parietaria judaica
Authors: Sharma S. , Panzani R.C. , Gaur S.N. , Ariano R. , Singh A.B.
Published: January 2005

Background:Holoptelea integrifolia and Parietaria judaica belong to the family Urticaceae, but are geographically distantly located. H. integrifolia is an important pollen allergen of India and sensitizes almost 10% of the atopic population in Delhi. P. judaica, on the other hand, is a very dominant pollen allergen of the Mediterranean region, sensitizing almost 80% of the allergic population. Since both these important pollen allergens belong to the family Urticaceae, the objective of the present study was to assess cross-reactivity between these two pollen allergens from different geographical regions. Methods: Cross-reactivity between these two pollen allergens was assessed on the basis of skin prick tests and ELISA, ELISA inhibition and immunoblot inhibition studies. Results: Out of 44 atopic Indian patients skin prick tested with H. integrifolia extract, 34% were found to be sensitized. All the patients sensitized to H. integrifolia also showed varying degrees of skin positivity to P. judaica pollen extract. ELISA and ELISA inhibition studies suggested strong cross-reactivity between H. integrifolia and P. judaica pollen. Immunoblot inhibition studies revealed that 14-, 16-, 28-, 38-, 42- and 46-kDa proteins are the cross-reactive proteins in H. integrifolia and P. judaica. However, Par j 1, the major allergen of P. judaica, is absent in H. integrifolia pollen. Conclusion:H. integrifolia and P. judaica pollens share cross-reactive as well as unique epitopes. The major allergen of P. judaica, Par j 1, seems to be absent in H. integrifolia pollen allergen.
Lack of Detectable Alterations in Immune Responses during Sublingual Immunotherapy in Children with Seasonal Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis to Grass Pollen
Authors: Rolinck-Werninghaus C. , Kopp M. , Liebke C. , Lange J. , Wahn U. , Niggemann B.
Published: January 2005

Background: Recent work indicates that subcutaneous specific immunotherapy induces specific T-cell anergy, a shift in the TH1/TH2 ratio, and antibody production in favor of IgG4. There are few data on sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), especially in children. Methods: We assessed the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (3H-thymidine incorporation) and secretion of interleukin (IL)-4, interferon (IFN)γ and IL-5 (ELISA) after in vitro stimulation with allergen or phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in 29 children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis receiving SLIT with grass pollen before, and after 1 and 2 years of treatment in a multicenter placebo-controlled study on the efficacy of the treatment. Further, non-specific intracellular production of IL-4, IL-13, IFNγ, IL-2, IL-10 and IL-5 (FACS) and serum total and specific IgE and IgG4 (ELISA) were analyzed. Results: Proliferation and IL-4 and IL-5 secretion after stimulation with allergen or PHA did not differ between the groups. In addition, we observed no effect of SLIT on intracellular cytokine production. IFNγ secretion after allergen coculture was comparable between the groups. Following PHA stimulation, IFNγ secretion was significantly higher in the SLIT group after 1 year, and a trend was observable already before and after 2 years of treatment, probably due to the inhomogeneity in the groups despite randomization (for age and asthma). No significant changes were observed for sIgE/sIgG4 ratios over time either in or between the groups. Conclusion: During 2 years of SLIT in children with a positive effect on rescue medication use, we observed no significant effects on in vitro T-cell immune responses or immunoglobulins. So far, pediatric studies demonstrating stable effects of SLIT on such reactions are missing, probably due to limited effects of SLIT on systemic immunologic reactions.
Immunosuppressive Effect of Restraint Stress on the Initiation of Allergic Rhinitis in Mice
Authors: Nishioka Keiko , Okano Mitsuhiro , Ichihara Yumiko , Ichihara Naoto , Nishizaki Kazunori
Published: January 2005

Background: Exposure to acute stressors modulates both innate and acquired immune function. However, little is known about whether stress has the potential to modulate the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. Objectives: To determine the effects of acute restraint stress on the initiation of allergic rhinitis in a murine model. Methods: CBA/J mice were repeatedly intranasally sensitized with phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from honeybee venom without adjuvant. Restraint stress was applied using uniform cylinders once a week for a continuous 8-hour period, on five occasions in total. Production of PLA2-specific antibodies and degree of nasal and blood eosinophilia were compared between stressed and control mice. Results: Repeated intranasal sensitization with PLA2 induced PLA2-specific IgE and marked eosinophilia in both the nose and blood in CBA/J mice. Exposure to restraint stress significantly inhibited production of PLA2-specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a. Conversely, the stress exerted no significant effect on eosinophilia. Conclusions: Exposure to acute restraint stress inhibits antigen-specific antibody production, but not local or systemic eosinophilia. The results of this study suggest that acute stress has the potential to modulate the initiation of allergic rhinitis.
Morphological Characteristics of the Human Macula sacculi
Authors: Tribukait Arne , Rosenhall Ulf , Österdahl Bengt
Published: January 2005

The surface morphology of 20 human maculae sacculi is presented. Individual data on the total area, shape and the relative area of the pars superior are given. The mean area of 14 adult maculae was (mean ± SD) 2.35 ± 0.31 mm2. The ratio between the length and width of the macula was 2.54 ± 0.28. The pars superior was significantly larger than the pars inferior. The percentage of pars superior was 56.4 ± 4.7. As regards the shape of the macula, there was a large interindividual variability. The findings are discussed, taking into consideration comparative anatomy as well as spatial orientation.
Pharmacological Basics of ƒ-Current Inhibition
Authors: Mahlberg-Gaudin Florence H. , Bouly Muriel , Chezaubernard Claire , Lerebours Guy
Published: January 2005

Elevated heart rate (HR) contributes to myocardial ischaemia, especially when coronary blood supply is restricted, and is recognised as an independent risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality. Heart beat is driven by cellular automaticity of pacemaker cells in the sinus node. The slow spontaneous diastolic depolarisation phase (phase 4) of the action potential is a unique feature of pacemaker cells that confers automaticity. The ƒ-current (Iƒ) determines the slope of the diastolic depolarisation and is modulated by the autonomic system, and thus plays a key role in the regulation of heart rate. Ivabradine is a novel selective use-dependent Iƒinhibitor which exerts a pure heart rate reduction in all animal species tested, without any direct effect on myocardial contractility and relaxation, cardiac output, coronary haemodynamics, blood pressure, peripheral resistance and cardiac conduction parameters and thus affords the advantage of preserving the haemodynamic adaptations occurring spontaneously in response to exercise. These features markedly differentiate ivabradine from current anti-anginal therapies. Ivabradine was demonstrated to exert cardioprotection both on ischaemic and stunned myocardium. Pharmacological inhibition of Iƒ by ivabradine thus represents a new and promising concept in the treatment of myocardial ischaemic diseases.
Clinical Pharmacology of If Current Inhibition
Authors: Benatar Vidal , Lerebours Pigeonnière Guy , Nury-Philémon Patricia
Published: January 2005

Elevated resting heart rate is linked to an increase in both cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, and agents that reduce heart rate have obvious applications in improving the prognosis of coronary artery disease and heart failure. In this short review, we examine the pathophysiological grounds for the original clinical benefits of pure heart rate lowering through the development of a new class of heart-rate-reducing agents. Ivabradine, a novel selective and specific inhibitor of the If pacemaker current in the sinoatrial node cells, is the prototype of this pharmacological class. It has shown anti-ischemic and antianginal efficacy superior to placebo and comparable to β-blockers and calcium channel blockers. In early clinical pharmacological studies, ivabradine was shown to reduce heart rate in a dose-dependent manner without modifying other cardiac parameters such as conduction, contractility, and ventricular repolarization. Ivabradine improves myocardial oxygen delivery and decreases oxygen consumption. Together, these properties make ivabradine a valuable alternative to existing drug therapies for stable angina and other myocardial conditions.
Interleukin-1β-Induced Transdifferentiation of Renal Proximal Tubular Cells Is Mediated by Activation of JNK and p38 MAPK
Authors: Zhang Mei , Tang Jiawei , Li Xiaomei
Published: January 2005

Interleukin (IL)-1β induces renal tubular epithelial cells to transdifferentiate to myofibroblasts, which express α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). To understand the signal transduction mechanisms involved in transdifferentiation, we examined the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in IL-1β-stimulated α-SMA expression and cell migration in the HK-2 human renal proximal tubular cell line. IL-1β induced the transdifferentiation of renal proximal tubular cells, which was characterized by upregulated expression of α-SMA and increased cell migration. In addition, IL-1β increased the activity of the three members of the MAPK family, ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK, in these cells. Both SP600125, a specific inhibitor of JNK, and SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, suppressed the IL-1β-induced expression of α-SMA and cell migration, but these effects were not observed with PD98059, a specific inhibitor of ERK. These results suggest that IL-1β-induced HK-2 cell transdifferentiation is mediated, at least in part, through the activation of the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
Rituximab Induced Remission in a Patient with Wegener’s Granulomatosis
Authors: Kallenbach Maria , Duan Hongmei , Ring Troels
Published: January 2005

Background: Wegener’s granulomatosis is a form of systemic vasculitis typically involving the kidneys and upper and lower respiratory tract. Treatment employing cyclophosphamide and prednisone has improved prognosis, but relapses and treatment-induced side effects still cause severe morbidity and frequent mortality. There is therefore an urgent need to find new treatment modalities that are efficient and cause few side effects. Chimeric anti-CD20 (rituximab) may be one such treatment, apparently working in part by suppressing anti-PR3 production. Patients and Methods: We describe a 26-year-old man with two relapses while on azathioprine and mycophenolate necessitating a high cumulative dose of cyclophosphamide. He was treated with a single standard course of rituximab while continuing steroids and mycophenolate. Results: After 4 months, rituximab led to resolution of pulmonary lesions and also rapidly caused normalization of elevated anti-PR3. He still remains in complete remission 11 months later with a negative anti-PR3 and normal kidney function. There were no side effects to rituximab. Conclusion: Rituximab may be effective and seems to be safe in inducing remission in Wegener’s granulomatosis. Studies are needed to establish the long-term benefit of this expensive treatment.
A Prospective Audit of the Complications of Loop Ileostomy Construction and Takedown
Authors: García-Botello S.A. , García-Armengol J. , García-Granero E. , Espí A. , Juan C. , López-Mozos F. , Lledó S.
Published: January 2005

Aim: A prospective review of the complications of ileostomy construction and takedown. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty-seven consecutive patients undergoing construction of a loop ileostomy were included in a prospective nonrandomized computer database. Complications of the loop ileostomy were assessed prior to and after closure. Three closure techniques were performed [enterotomy suture (25.7%), resection and hand sewn (31.2%) or stapled anastomosis (43.1%)] and compared. Results: One hundred twenty-seven (73 male, 54 female) patients, mean age 54 years were included from 1992 to 2002. Seventy-two patients underwent anterior resection for low rectal carcinoma, 30 an ileoanal pouch for ulcerative colitis and 25 for miscellaneous conditions. Fifty-nine pre-takedown complications occurred in 50 (39.4%) patients. The most common were dermatitis (12.6%) and erythema (7.1%). The most severe were dehydration in 1 patient and stomal prolapse in 4 patients. Closure was associated with a complication rate of 33.1% and a mortality rate of 0.9%. Wound infection occurred in 18.3% and small bowel obstruction in 4.6%. Anastomotic leak requiring reanastomosis occurred in 2.8% and enterocutaneous fistula treated conservatively in 5.5%. There were no statistically significant differences in morbidity between closure techniques (p = 0.892). There were no statistically significant differences in complications (p = 0.516) between patients with ulcerative colitis and those with neoplasia (39.29% vs. 32.2%). Conclusions: Loop ileostomy construction and takedown is associated with considerable morbidity, mostly minor. No differences exist between technique used for closure or the baseline pathology of the patient.
Rectal Cancer with Paraneoplastic Nephropathy: Association of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Authors: Taniguchi Ken , Fujioka Hikaru , Torashima Yasuhiro , Yamaguchi Junzo , Izawa Kunihide , Kanematsu Takashi
Published: January 2005

A patient with advanced rectal cancer was complicated by progressing proteinuria and hypoproteinemia. Low anterior resection was a procedure of choice. A surgical specimen obtained by intraoperative renal biopsy showed the findings of minimal change nephrotic syndrome. After surgery, nephropathy remitted promptly and completely. Her pre/postoperative serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor was 1,880/52.3 pg/ml, suggesting its elevation was associated with the nephropathy. Immunohistochemistry revealed strongly expressed tumor vascular endothelial cell growth factor. Minimal change nephrotic syndrome is a rare type of paraneoplastic nephropathy, and successful remission may require therapeutic resection of the underlying tumor, or administration of a vascular endothelial growth factor antagonist if the tumor is unresectable.
Non-linear mapping for exploratory data analysis in functional genomics
Authors: Azuaje Francisco , Wang Haiying , Chesneau Alban
Published: January 2005

Background

Several supervised and unsupervised learning tools are available to classify functional genomics data. However, relatively less attention has been given to exploratory, visualisation-driven approaches. Such approaches should satisfy the following factors: Support for intuitive cluster visualisation, user-friendly and robust application, computational efficiency and generation of biologically meaningful outcomes. This research assesses a relaxation method for non-linear mapping that addresses these concerns. Its applications to gene expression and protein-protein interaction data analyses are investigated

Results

Publicly available expression data originating from leukaemia, round blue-cell tumours and Parkinson disease studies were analysed. The method distinguished relevant clusters and critical analysis areas. The system does not require assumptions about the inherent class structure of the data, its mapping process is controlled by only one parameter and the resulting transformations offer intuitive, meaningful visual displays. Comparisons with traditional mapping models are presented. As a way of promoting potential, alternative applications of the methodology presented, an example of exploratory data analysis of interactome networks is illustrated. Data from the C. elegans interactome were analysed. Results suggest that this method might represent an effective solution for detecting key network hubs and for clustering biologically meaningful groups of proteins.

Conclusion

A relaxation method for non-linear mapping provided the basis for visualisation-driven analyses using different types of data. This study indicates that such a system may represent a user-friendly and robust approach to exploratory data analysis. It may allow users to gain better insights into the underlying data structure, detect potential outliers and assess assumptions about the cluster composition of the data.
Reflections of physiotherapy students in the United Arab Emirates during their clinical placements: A qualitative study
Authors: Larin Hélène , Wessel Jean , Al-Shamlan Amal
Published: January 2005

Background

Although Western models of education are being used to establish health professional programs in non-Western countries, little is known about how students in these countries perceive their learning experiences. The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the reflections of physiotherapy students from a Middle East culture during their clinical placements and to compare them to reflections of physiotherapy students from a Western culture.

Methods

Subjects were six senior students (3 females, 3 males, mean age 22.6 years) and 15 junior, female students (mean age 20.1 years) in the baccalaureate physiotherapy program at a university in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). They wrote weekly entries in a journal while in their clinical placements. They described an event, their reaction to it, and how it might affect their future behavior. Two evaluators independently read and coded the content of all the journals, and then worked together to categorize the data and develop themes. A third evaluator, an UAE national, independently read the journals to validate the content analysis. A feedback session with students was used to further validate the data interpretation. The themes were compared to those derived from a similar study of Canadian physiotherapy students.

Results

The content of the students' reflections were grouped into 4 themes: professional behavior, awareness of learning, self-development and shift to a patient orientation, and identification and analysis of ethical issues. Although the events were different, students from the UAE considered many of the same issues reflected on by Canadian students.

Conclusion

Physiotherapy students from a Middle East culture consider many of the same issues as students from a Western culture when asked to reflect on their clinical experience. They reflect on their personal growth, on how they learn in a clinical setting, and on the ethical and professional behaviors of themselves and others.
A survey of SLA doctoral programs in Canada and the USA
Authors: Antrim Nancy Mae
Published: January 2005

The increasing interest in second language acquisition (SLA) has sharpened the focus on SLA research. While most university linguistic programs and departments offer at least a course in SLA, not all offer the opportunity to concentrate on SLA research. This article provides an overview of the programs/departments offering opportunities for SLA research. These programs range from ones offering a PhD. in Second Language Acquisition to those which provide a strong research basis while concentrating primarily on teaching. The programs are reviewed with respect to their key features as well as pertinent student centred information.
GATA4, 5 and 6 mediate TGFβ maintenance of endodermal gene expression inXenopusembryos
Authors: Afouda Boni Anatole , Ciau-Uitz Aldo , Patient Roger
Published: January 2005

The individual contributions of the three vertebrate GATA factors to endoderm formation have been unclear. Here we detail the early expression of GATA4, 5 and 6 in presumptive endoderm in Xenopus embryos and their induction of endodermal markers in presumptive ectoderm. Induction of HNF3β by all three GATA factors was abolished when protein synthesis was inhibited, showing that these inductions are indirect. In contrast, whereas induction of Sox17α and HNF1β by GATA4 and 5 was substantially reduced when protein synthesis was inhibited, induction by GATA6 was minimally affected, suggesting that GATA6 is a direct activator of these early endodermal genes. GATA4 induced GATA6 expression in the same assay and antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs), designed to knock down translation of GATA6, blocked induction of Sox17α and HNF1β by GATA4, suggesting that GATA4 induces these genes via GATA6 in this assay. All three GATA factors were induced by activin, although GATA4 and 6 required lower concentrations. GATA MOs inhibited Sox17α and HNF1β induction by activin at low and high concentrations in the order:GATA6>GATA4>GATA5. Together with the timing of their expression and the effects of GATA MOs in vivo, these observations identify GATA6 as the predominant GATA factor in the maintenance of endodermal gene expression by TGFβ signaling in gastrulating embryos. In addition, examination of gene expression and morphology in later embryos, revealed GATA5 and 6 as the most critical for the development of the gut and the liver.
ThePRETTY FEW SEEDS2gene encodes anArabidopsishomeodomain protein that regulates ovule development
Authors: Park Sung Ok , Zheng Zhengui , Oppenheimer David G. , Hauser Bernard A.
Published: January 2005

The PRETTY FEW SEEDS2 gene encodes a homeodomain protein that regulates ovule development. In peptide alignments spanning the homeodomain and the WOX domain, PFS2 shared 95% amino acid identity with the PRESSED FLOWER and WUSCHEL proteins. In the pfs2-1 allele, the integuments display morphological abnormalities and 95% of the embryo sacs fail to develop properly, which results in reduced fecundity. PFS2 transcripts were most abundant in developing ovules, which accounts for the ovule phenotype in pfs2 mutants. In addition, PFS2 transcripts were present in developing primordia and differentiating organs, but, interestingly, they were absent during cell maturation. Ectopic PFS2 expression interfered with differentiation of primordia from meristems. For most plants, this resulted in fasciated stems, altered phyllotaxy, a cessation of primordia differentiation, or a combination of these. In the plants that made ovules,ectopic PFS2 expression blocked megaspore mother cell differentiation and often impeded polarized growth of the outer integument. PFS2 activity altered AGAMOUS expression, which accounts for some of the gain- and loss-of-function phenotypes. Based on analyses presented here, PFS2 affects either ovule patterning or differentiation.
The Limits of Magic
Authors: Laderman Carol
Published: January 2005

This is the case of a Malay shaman who narrowed the scope of her diagnoses to magic, evoking scorn from her colleagues and alarm from rural patients accustomed to a variety of illness etiologies. But she found success as part of a team catering to urban Malays. Her performance satisfied expectations of clients unused to traditional shamanism and set the stage for acceptance of her partner's diagnoses couched in "common sense," educated, urbane language which nevertheless restored elements of Malay illness etiology she had discarded.
"The Horror": The Subject of Desire in Postcolonial Studies
Authors: Nelson Diane M.
Published: January 2005

Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest. Anne McClintock. New York: Routledge, 1995. 449 pp.

Race and the Education of Desire: Foucault's History of Sexuality and the Colonial Order of Things. Ann Laura Stoler. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1995. 238 pp.

Colonial Desire: Hybridity in Theory, Culture, and Race. Robert J. C. Young. London: Routledge, 1995.236 pp.
Secure the Shadow: Death and Photography in America
Authors: Sapir J.David
Published: January 2005

Secure the Shadow: Death and Photography in America. Jay Ruby. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995. 220 pp.
The Hands Feel It
Authors: Kendall Laurel
Published: January 2005

The Hands Feel It. Edith Turner. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1996. 260 pp.
Visions of Empire: Voyages, Botany, and Representations of Nature
Authors: Dening Greg
Published: January 2005

Visions of Empire: Voyages, Botany, and Representations of Nature, David Philip Miller and Peter Harms Reill. eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. 370 pp.
The Sociology of the Meal
Authors: Counihan Carole M.
Published: January 2005

The Sociology of the Meal. Roy C. Wood. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1995.139 pp.
Dress and Ethnicity: Change across Time and Space
Authors: Hendrickson Carol
Published: January 2005

Dress and Ethnicity: Change across Time and Space. Joanne B. Eicher. ed. Oxford, England: Berg Publishers Limited, 1995.316 pp.
The Politics of Cultural Performance
Authors: Drewal Margaret Thompson
Published: January 2005

The Politics of Cultural Performance. David Parkin. Lionel Caplan. and Humphrey Fisher. eds. Providence, RI: Berghahn Books, 1996. 294 pp.
"A Trade like Any Other": Female Singers and Dancers in Egypt
Authors: Zirbel Katherine E.
Published: January 2005

"A Trade like Any Other": Female Singers and Dancers in Egypt. Karin van Nieuwkerk. Austin; University of Texas Press, 1995. 226 pp.
At Home in the World
Authors: Desjarlais Robert
Published: January 2005

At Home in the World. Michael Jackson. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1995. 188 pp.
Cosmos and Society in Oceania
Authors: Strathern Andrew
Published: January 2005

Cosmos and Society in Oceania. Daniel de Coppet and André Iteanu. eds. Oxford: Berg Publishers, 1995. 338 pp.
Tradition versus Democracy in the South Pacific
Authors: Kiste Robert C.
Published: January 2005

Tradition versus Democracy in the South Pacific. Stephanie Lawson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. 228 pp.
Reestablishing "Race" in Anthropological Discourse
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Carol C. , Moses Yolanda T.
Published: January 2005

Anthropology, despite its historic role in both creating and dismantling the American racial worldview, seems barely visible in contemporary scholarly and public discussions of "race." The authors argue that race should once again be central to anthropological inquiry, that cultural and physical anthropologists must jointly develop and publicly disseminate a unified, uniquely anthropological perspective. They suggest ways to proceed and identify internal barriers that must be overcome before the anthropological voice can be heard.
Gendered Difference, Violent Imagination Blood, Race, Nation
Authors: Linke Uli
Published: January 2005

Racism, misogyny, and the propagation of politicomilitary violence are analyzed as an integral part of the construction of Western modernity. With a focus on German public culture, the author emphasizes the interplay of gender and race against the background of medical models, documenting how fears of natural disasters (women, Jews, refugees) and medical pathologies such as dirt and infection (bodily infestations) are continuously recycled to reinforce a racialist postmodern culture.
Rethinking Power and Culture in Anthropology
Authors: Darlington Susan M.
Published: January 2005

Who Can Compete against the World? Power‐Protection and Buddhism in Shan Woridview. Nicola Tannenbaum. Ann Arbor, MI: Association of Asian Studies, 1995.228 pp.

State Power and Culture in Thailand. E. Paul Durrenberger. ed. Yale Southeast Asia Studies Monograph, 44. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996. 200 pp.
646
Authors: Steegmann A. Theodore
Published: January 2005

The Health Consequences of "Modernization": Evidence from Circumpolar Peoples. Roy J. Shephard and Andris Rode. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. 306 pp.
Gender and Archaeology
Authors: Hendon Julia A.
Published: January 2005

Gender and Archaeology. Rita P. Wright. ed. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996. 296 pp.
Corbett Mack: The Life of a Northern Paiute
Authors: Hultkrantz Áke
Published: January 2005

Corbett Mack: The Life of. Northern Paiute. As told by Michael Hittman. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1996. 391 pp.
Obernberg: A Quantitative Analysis of a Tirolean Peasant Economy
Authors: French Rebecca R.
Published: January 2005

Obernberg:. Quantitative Analysis of. Tirolean Peasant Economy. Leopold Pospisil. New Haven, CT: Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1995. 427 pp.
Tradition and Modernity in the Mediterranean: The Wedding as Symbolic Struggle
Authors: Faubion James D.
Published: January 2005

Tradition and Modernity in the Mediterranean: The Wedding as Symbolic Struggle. Vassos Argyrou. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. 210 pp.
What Was Socialism, and What Comes Next?
Authors: Lass Andrew
Published: January 2005

What Was Socialism, and What Comes Next? Katherine Verdery. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996. 298 pp.
People of the Peyote: Huichol Indian History, Religion, and Survival
Authors: Hutcheson Maury
Published: January 2005

People of the Peyote: Huichol Indian History, Religion, and Survival. Stacy B. Schaefer and Peter T. Furst. eds. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1996. 560 pp.
Cooking, Care, and Domestication: A Culinary Ethnography of the Tax Yong, Northern Thailand
Authors: Mintz Sidney W.
Published: January 2005

Cooking, Care, and Domestication:. Culinary Ethnography of the Tax Yong, Northern Thailand. Ing‐Britt Trankell. Uppsala Studies in Cultural Anthropology, 21. Uppsala, Sweden: Uppsala University Press, 1995. 205 pp.
Traditional Healers and Childhood in Zimbabwe
Authors: Bessant Leslie
Published: January 2005

Traditional Healers and Childhood in Zimbabwe. Pamela Reynolds. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1996. 184 pp.
Consciousness and the Cognitive Revolution: A True Worldview Paradigm Shift
Authors: Sperry Roger W. , Henninger Polly
Published: January 2005

Traditional scientific views of the conscious self and world we live in are challenged by an unprecedented outburst of emerging new paradigms, theories of consciousness, perceptions of reality, new sciences, new philosophies, epistemologies, and a host of other transformative approaches. This still expanding outburst can be traced, on both logical and chronologic grounds, not to chaos theory, ecology, the new physics, or dozens of other currently ascribed sources, but rather to the cognitive (consciousness) revolution that immediately preceded. These new approaches all share one key feature in common, namely, they all depend, directly or indirectly, upon a refutation and successful overthrow of the long dominant materialist paradigm. This is what was required to shift consciousness from an acausal or "eliminable" status to a functionally indispensable role. Traditional "bottom‐up" micro‐determinism had to be supplemented by a reciprocal, "top‐down" control exerted by mental emergents over lower‐level components. This does not dispose of behaviorism or reductionism, as methodology, but simply incorporates these within a more comprehensive explanatory framework. With the long reign of materialist constraints finally broken, other antireductive views have proliferated but with little regard for what the new paradigm allows.
A Psychiatrist in Paradise: Treating Mental Illness in Bali
Authors: Castillo Richard J.
Published: January 2005

. Psychiatrist in Paradise: Treating Mental Illness in Bali. Denny Thong. Bangkok: White Lotus, 1993. 216 pp. $27.50 (cloth).
Most of Us are Family Some of the Time: Interracial Unions and Transracial Kinship in Eastern Trinidad
Authors: Birth Kevin
Published: January 2005

In this article I explore naturalizing ideologies tied to Trinidadian conceptions of race by examining interracial unions and transracial kinship between Indians and Creoles in a community in eastern Trinidad. Such unions and kin ties are cultural resources used to make claims of similarity or difference. Ideas of race and kinship are based on cultural assumptions about biology; such claims are linked to these biological assumptions. As a result, Trinidadians are able to naturalize these claims strategically, although the interaction of cultural ideas of kinship and race impose a distinctive pattern on claims of similarity and difference. The differing affiliation patterns of Creoles and Indians play a role in determining the relative strength transracial kinship ties and consequent claims of similarity and difference. These patterns suggest that unions consisting of Creole women and Indian men provide the strongest foundation for the assertion of transracial similarities, [race relations, transracial kinship, interracial conjugal unions, Indians, Creoles, Trinidad)
Social Suffering
Authors: Lamb Sarah
Published: January 2005

Social Suffering. Arthur Kleinman, Veena Das, and Margaret Lock, eds. Cambridge, MA: Daedalus, Journal of the American Acadunmarked. emy of Arts and Sciences, 125. Winter 1996. 283 pp., endnotes.
Children and the Politics of Culture
Authors: Sharp Lesley A.
Published: January 2005

Children and the Politics of Culture. Sharon Stephens, ed.Princeton, NJ: Princeton University press. 1995. 355 pp.references, apto pendix, contributors, index.
The Anthropology of Landscape: Perspectives on Place and Space
Authors: McCall John C.
Published: January 2005

The Anthropology of Landscape: Perspecives on piace and Space. Eric Hirch and Michael O'Hanlon, eds. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1995 xii + 268 pp. figures, maps, refernces index.
When History Accelerates: Essays on Social Change, Complexity, and Creativity
Authors: Kideckel David A.
Published: January 2005

When History Asselerates: Essays on Social change, complexity, and Creativity. C.M. Hann, ed. London: Ath0lone Press, 1994. x+ 325., photographs, tables, notes, referbetween ences Index.
The Pursuit of Certainty: Religious and Cultural Formulations
Authors: Graber David
Published: January 2005

The Pursuit of Certainty: Religious and Cultural Formulations. Wendy James, ed. London: Routledge Press, 1995. xi + 308 pp., index.
African Pastoralist Systems: An Integrated Approach
Authors: Salzman Philip Carl
Published: January 2005

African Pastoralist Systems: An Integrated Approach. Elliot Fratkin, A. Galvin, and Eric Albella Roth, eds. Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner Publishers, 1994.viii+245 pp., Figures, maps, plates, tables, notes, references, contributors, index
Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura 1922–1992
Authors: Steedly Mary Margaret
Published: January 2005

Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura, 1922–1992. Shahid Amin. Berkeley: Universty Of California Press, 1995. xiv + 256 pp., IIlustrations, appendix, notes, bibliography, Index.
Tigers of the Snow and Other Virtual Sherpas: An Ethnography of Himalayan Encounters
Authors: Fisher James F.
Published: January 2005

Tigers of the Snow and Other Virtual Sherpas: An Ethnography of Himalayan Encounters. Vincanne Adams. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996. xvi + 304 pp., iilustrations, glossary, appendixes, notes, bibllography, Index.
More than an Ethnic Marker: Toraja Art as Identity Negotiator
Authors: Adams Kathleen M.
Published: January 2005

In this article I suggest that art can be more than a passive ethnic marker. Focusing on the architecturally based carvings of the Toraja of Indonesia, I argue that artistic forms are sites for the assertion, articulation, and negotiation of various hierarchical identities and relationships. I trace the contested transformation of Toraja architectural symbols of elite authority into generalized icons of Toraja ethnic identity. As I chronicle these shifts I also illustrate how Toraja architectural carvings serve as vehicles for the rearticulation of assorted sets of rank, ethnic, regional, and political relationships. A key objective in this article is to highlight the complicated and often ironic relations between material culture, identity negotiation, and human agency. Drawing on Scott (1985, 1990), I suggest that while art may serve as a weapon of the weak, it can also be a weak weapon, [identity, art, ethnicity, tourism, agency, Indonesia, Toraja]
Infinity within the Brackets
Authors: Riles Annelise
Published: January 2005

The ethnographic subjects of this article are UN‐sponsored international conferences and their legal documents. Drawing upon fieldwork among Fiji delegates at these conferences, in this article I demonstrate the centrality of matters of form, as distinct from questions of “meaning,” in the negotiation of international agreements. A parallel usage of documents and of mats among Fijian negotiators provides a heuristic device for exploring questions of pattern and scale in the aesthetics of negotiation, [documents, institutions, knowledge, aesthetics, law, transnationalism]
Tangled Reconciliations: The Anglican Church and the Nisga'a of British Columbia
Authors: Barker John
Published: January 2005

In the late 1960s, after decades of neglect, the Anglican Church of Canada rededicated considerable resources to the Nisga'a, a people with whom it had deep missionary ties. In this article I examine the nature of this new relationship and the motivations behind it. The efforts of the contemporary Anglican Church among the Nisga'a are best understood, I argue, as an attempt at reconciliation following a rejection in the national church of earlier assimilationist projects. The Nisga 'a reception of the church's outreach, however, was born out of a different process of reconciliation: between indigenous cultural forms and political needs and aspirations, on the one hand, and mission Christianity, which had already developed into a vernacular expression of Christianity in the Nass valley, on the other. I thus explore the politics of religious synthesis in the postmissionary world, a synthesis that occurs simultaneously at local and global levels [northwest coast, Nisga'a, missions, Christianity, land claims, syncretism]
El Kiosko Budweiser: The Making of a “National” Television Show in Puerto Rico
Authors: Dávila Arlene
Published: January 2005

Originally devised as a marketing tool for Budweiser beer in Puerto Rico, El Kiosko Budweiser is currently one of the most popular local television shows. An analysis of the production and reception of this show provides the basis for a discussion of its continued popularity and an evaluation of the processes by which mass media products become vehicles for the assertion and definition of contemporary identities. In this article I also question the nature of “national” television in the current transnational context through a discussion of the distinct role played by locally produced commercial programming in the promotion of local artists and shows, and in the imagining of Puerto Rico as a distinct national community.[Puerto Rico, popular culture, national identity, commercial television, advertising]
Things as They are: New Directions in Phenomenological Anthropology
Authors: Weiss Brad
Published: January 2005

Things as They Are: New Directions In Phenomenological Anthropology. MICHAEL JACKSON, ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996. x + 287 pp., notes, references, contributors.
Moving Words: Re‐Writing Dance
Authors: Wulff Helena
Published: January 2005

Moving Words: Re‐Writing Dance. GAY MORRIS, ed. London and New York: Routledge, 1996. xlv + 343 pp., figures, notes, bibliography, contributors, Index.
Redefining Nature: Ecology, Culture and Domestication
Authors: Sayre Nathan F.
Published: January 2005

Redefining Nature: Ecology, Culture and Domestication. ROY ELLEN and KATSUYOSHI FUKUI, eds. Oxford: Berg, 1996. xxii + 664 pp., figures, tables, notes, bibliography, contributors, index.
Human Nature: A Critical Reader
Authors: Kaplan David
Published: January 2005

Human Nature: A Critical Reader. LAURA BETZIG, ed. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. xvi + 489 pp., figures, tables, notes, references, index.
The People of the Alas Valley: A Study of an Ethnic Group of Northern Sumatra
Authors: Rodgers Susan
Published: January 2005

The People of the Alas Valley: A Study of an Ethnic Group of Northern Sumatra. AKIFUMI IWABUCHI. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. xxi + 281 pp., appendix, tables, maps, figures, plates, references, index.
Of Revelation and Revolution: The Dialectics of Modernity on a South African Frontier
Authors: Dijk Rijk Van
Published: January 2005

Of Revelation and Revolution: The Dialectics of Modernity on a South African Frontier. JOHN L. COMAROFF and JEAN COMAROFF. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997. xxlv + 588 pp., illustrations, appendix, notes, bibliography, index.
Politics and Symbols: The Italian Communist Party and the Fall of Communism
Authors: Minicuci Maria
Published: January 2005

Politics and Symbols: The Italian Communist Party and the Fall of Communism. DAVID I. KERTZER. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996. xii + 211 pp., notes, bibliography, index.
The Heiltsuks: Dialogues of Culture and History on the Northwest Coast
Authors: Buckley Thomas
Published: January 2005

The Heiltsuks: Dialogues of Culture and History on the Northwest Coast. MICHAEL E. HARKIN. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1997. xii + 158 pp., bibliography, notes, figures, index.
“Heart like a Car”: Hispano/Chicano Culture in Northern New Mexico
Authors: Bright Brenda
Published: January 2005

Car culture in northern New Mexico demonstrates how local culture, as a reference and as a creation, becomes even more significant as national and global popular cultures create new power configurations, new alliances, and new identities. An examination of Española area lowriders highlights the ways extralocal processes such as mass production and ethnopolitical mobilization are integral in the creation of local tradition in an area marked by tourism, loss of land, and labor outmigration. [ethnic identity, localization, commodification, popular culture, mass culture, Chicanos, New Mexico]