bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Intervention Mapping to Develop a Digital Self-Management Program for People With Type 2 Diabetes: Tutorial on MyDESMOND
Authors: Hadjiconstantinou Michelle , Schreder Sally , Brough Christopher , Northern Alison , Stribling Bernie , Khunti Kamlesh , Davies Melanie J
Published: May 2020

Digital health interventions (DHIs) are increasingly becoming integrated into diabetes self-management to improve behavior. Despite DHIs becoming available to people with chronic conditions, the development strategies and processes undertaken are often not well described. With theoretical frameworks available in current literature, it is vital that DHIs follow a shared language and communicate a robust development process in a comprehensive way. This paper aims to bring a unique perspective to digital development, as it describes the systematic process of developing a digital self-management program for people with type 2 diabetes, MyDESMOND. We provide a step-by-step guide, based on the intervention mapping (IM) framework to illustrate the process of adapting an existing face-to-face self-management program (diabetes education and self- management for ongoing and newly diagnosed, DESMOND) and translating it to a digital platform (MyDESMOND). Overall, this paper describes the 4 IM steps that were followed to develop MyDESMOND—step 1 to establish a planning group and a patient and public involvement group to describe the context of the intervention and program goals, step 2 to identify objectives and determinants at early design stages to maintain a focus on the strategies adopted, step 3 to generate the program components underpinned by appropriate psychological theories and models, and step 4 to develop the program content and describe the iterative process of refining the content and format of the digital program for implementation. This paper concludes with a number of key learnings collated throughout our development process, which we hope other researchers may find useful when developing DHIs for chronic conditions.
Developing Empirical Decision Points to Improve the Timing of Adaptive Digital Health Physical Activity Interventions in Youth: Survival Analysis
Authors: Ortega Adrian , Cushing Christopher C
Published: May 2020

Background

Current digital health interventions primarily use interventionist-defined rules to guide the timing of intervention delivery. As new temporally dense data sets become available, it is possible to make decisions about the intervention timing empirically.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the timing of physical activity among youth to inform decision points (eg, timing of support) for future digital physical activity interventions.

Methods

This study comprised 113 adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years (mean age 14.64, SD 1.48 years) who wore an accelerometer for 20 days. Multilevel survival analyses were used to estimate the most likely time of day (via odds ratios and hazard probabilities) when adolescents accumulated their average physical activity. The interacting effects of physical activity timing and moderating variables were calculated by entering predictors, such as gender, sports participation, and school day, into the model as main effects and tested for interactions with the time of day to determine conditional main effects of these predictors.

Results

On average, the likelihood that a participant would accumulate a typical amount of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity increased and peaked between 6 PM and 8 PM before decreasing sharply after 9 PM. Hazard and survival probabilities suggest that optimal decision points for digital physical activity programs could occur between 5 PM and 8 PM.

Conclusions

Overall, the findings of this study support the idea that the timing of physical activity can be empirically identified and that these markers may be useful as intervention triggers.
Requirements of Health Data Management Systems for Biomedical Care and Research: Scoping Review
Authors: Ismail Leila , Materwala Huned , Karduck Achim P , Adem Abdu
Published: May 2020

Background

Over the last century, disruptive incidents in the fields of clinical and biomedical research have yielded a tremendous change in health data management systems. This is due to a number of breakthroughs in the medical field and the need for big data analytics and the Internet of Things (IoT) to be incorporated in a real-time smart health information management system. In addition, the requirements of patient care have evolved over time, allowing for more accurate prognoses and diagnoses. In this paper, we discuss the temporal evolution of health data management systems and capture the requirements that led to the development of a given system over a certain period of time. Consequently, we provide insights into those systems and give suggestions and research directions on how they can be improved for a better health care system.

Objective

This study aimed to show that there is a need for a secure and efficient health data management system that will allow physicians and patients to update decentralized medical records and to analyze the medical data for supporting more precise diagnoses, prognoses, and public insights. Limitations of existing health data management systems were analyzed.

Methods

To study the evolution and requirements of health data management systems over the years, a search was conducted to obtain research articles and information on medical lawsuits, health regulations, and acts. These materials were obtained from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the Association for Computing Machinery, Elsevier, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases.

Results

Health data management systems have undergone a disruptive transformation over the years from paper to computer, web, cloud, IoT, big data analytics, and finally to blockchain. The requirements of a health data management system revealed from the evolving definitions of medical records and their management are (1) medical record data, (2) real-time data access, (3) patient participation, (4) data sharing, (5) data security, (6) patient identity privacy, and (7) public insights. This paper reviewed health data management systems based on these 7 requirements across studies conducted over the years. To our knowledge, this is the first analysis of the temporal evolution of health data management systems giving insights into the system requirements for better health care.

Conclusions

There is a need for a comprehensive real-time health data management system that allows physicians, patients, and external users to input their medical and lifestyle data into the system. The incorporation of big data analytics will aid in better prognosis or diagnosis of the diseases and the prediction of diseases. The prediction results will help in the development of an effective prevention plan.
Help to Overcome Problems Effectively for Cancer Survivors: Development and Evaluation of a Digital Self-Management Program
Authors: Martin Faith , Wright Hayley , Moody Louise , Whiteman Becky , McGillion Michael , Clyne Wendy , Pearce Gemma , Turner Andy
Published: May 2020

Background

People living with cancer face numerous psychosocial challenges, including cancer-related fatigue, fear of recurrence, and depression. There is a lack of digital interventions tailored to the needs of people living with all types of cancer. We developed a 6-week, digital, peer-delivered, self-management program: iHOPE (Help to Overcome Problems Effectively; where ‘i’ indicates the digital version of the program). The program is underpinned by positive psychology and cognitive behavioral therapy to meet these psychosocial challenges.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the feasibility of the iHOPE program among people living with cancer. Program adherence and satisfaction along with changes in psychological distress and positive well-being were measured.

Methods

A pre-post, acceptability, and feasibility design was used. People living with cancer (N=114) were recruited via a national cancer charity in the United Kingdom and were given access to the iHOPE program. Demographic and other participant characteristics were recorded. Participants completed digital measures at baseline and the end of the 6-week program for depression, anxiety, cancer-related fatigue, cancer worry or fear of cancer recurrence, positive mental well-being, hope, gratitude, and health status. The website’s system recorded data on the usage of the program. Satisfaction with the program was also measured.

Results

A total of 114 participants completed the baseline questionnaires. Of these, 70 people (61.4%) participated in all 6 sessions. The mean number of sessions undertaken was 5.0 (SD 1.5). Moreover, 44.7% (51/114) of participants completed at least three sessions and end-of-program outcome measures. A total of 59 participants completed the satisfaction questionnaire, where ≥90% (54/58) of participants reported that the program was easy to navigate and was well managed by the peer facilitators, and that they found the social networking tools useful. Preliminary efficacy testing among the 51 participants who completed baseline and postprogram outcome measures showed that postprogram scores decreased for depression, anxiety, cancer-related fatigue, and fear of recurrence (all P<.001) and increased for positive mental well-being (P<.001), hope (both P<.001), and gratitude (P=.02).

Conclusions

The feasibility evidence is promising, showing that the peer-delivered digital iHOPE program is acceptable and practical. Implementation of the iHOPE program on a wider scale will incorporate further research and development to maximize the completion rates of the measures. Initial effectiveness data suggest positive impacts on important cancer-related quality of life and mental well-being outcomes. A randomized controlled trial design with a longer follow-up is needed to confirm the potential of the iHOPE program for improving mental and physical health outcomes for cancer survivors.
Association of eHealth Literacy With Lifestyle Behaviors in University Students: Questionnaire-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tsukahara Saki , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Igarashi Futaba , Uruma Reiko , Ikuina Naomi , Iwakura Kaori , Koizumi Keisuke , Sato Yasunori
Published: May 2020

Background

Maintenance of good health and a healthy lifestyle have significant impacts on the lives of university students. However, university students are prone to engage in risky health behaviors, resulting in impaired health status. Electronic health (eHealth) literacy is an important factor in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. However, no studies have assessed the eHealth literacy levels and the associated lifestyle behaviors among university students in Japan.

Objective

The purposes of this study were to clarify the eHealth literacy level, the participant characteristics associated with eHealth literacy, and the association of eHealth literacy with lifestyle behaviors of students in a Japanese university.

Methods

A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study of 3183 students at a national university in Japan was conducted. eHealth literacy was quantified using the Japanese version of the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS). The association between participant characteristics (gender, school year, department of study, and living status) and eHEALS score was assessed using t tests. Additionally, the associations of eHealth literacy with lifestyle behaviors (exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, etc.) were evaluated using logistic regression analyses.

Results

The mean eHEALS score was 23.6/40 points. The mean eHEALS score for students in medical departments was 27.0/40 points, which was 2.9 points higher than that of nonmedical students (P<.001). Similarly, the graduate school participants had higher scores than the undergraduate students. The proportion of participants who exercised regularly was higher in the high eHEALS score group than in the low score group, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.39 (P<.001).

Conclusions

The eHealth literacy level of university students in Japan was comparable to that of the general Japanese population. Graduate students, as well as those in medical departments, had higher eHealth literacy. Furthermore, students with higher eHealth literacy had better exercise routines.
Prospective Associations Between Working Time Arrangements and Psychiatric Treatment in Denmark: Protocol for a Cohort Study
Authors: Hannerz Harald , Albertsen Karen , Nielsen Martin Lindhardt , Garde Anne Helene
Published: May 2020

Background

The burden of mental ill health in working-age populations has prompted research on possible links between work-related factors and mental ill health. Long working hours and night shift work are some of the factors that have been studied in relation to the risk of developing mental ill health. Yet, previous studies have not generated conclusive evidence, and further studies of high quality are needed.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the prospective association between working time arrangements and mental health in terms of psychotropic drug usage or psychiatric hospital treatment in the general working population of Denmark.

Methods

Data on total weekly working hours in any job and night shift work from the Danish Labor Force Survey 2000–2013 will be linked to data from the Psychiatric Central Research Register (expected 2400 cases during 700,000 person years at risk) and National Prescription Registry (expected 17,400 cases during 600,000 person years at risk). Participants will be followed for up to 5 years. We will use Poisson regression to separately analyze incidence rates of redeemed prescriptions for psychotropic medicine and incidence rates of psychiatric hospital treatment due to mood disorders, anxiety disorders, or stress-related disorders as a function of weekly working hours and night shift work. The analyses will be controlled for sex, age, calendar time of the interview, and socioeconomic status.

Results

This is a study protocol. Power calculations indicate that the study has sufficient statistical power to detect relatively small differences in risks and minor interactions (eg, ~90% power to detect a rate ratio of 1.1 for psychoactive medication use). We expect the analyses to be completed by the end of 2020 and the results to be published in 2021.

Conclusions

In this study protocol, all hypotheses and statistical models of the project have been completely defined before we link the exposure data to the outcome data. The results of the project will indicate to what extent and in what direction the national burden of mental ill health in Denmark has been influenced by long working hours and night shift work.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/18236
Preparation for Quarantine on the Cruise Ship Diamond Princess in Japan due to COVID-19
Authors: Yamahata Yoshihiro , Shibata Ayako
Published: May 2020

Background

Japan implemented a large-scale quarantine on the Diamond Princess cruise ship in an attempt to control the spread of the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in February 2020.

Objective

We aim to describe the medical activities initiated and difficulties in implementing quarantine on a cruise ship.

Methods

Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests for SARS-CoV-2 were performed for all 3711 people (2666 passengers and 1045 crew) on board.

Results

Of those tested, 696 (18.8%) tested positive for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), of which 410 (58.9%) were asymptomatic. We also confirmed that 54% of the asymptomatic patients with a positive RT-PCR result had lung opacities on chest computed tomography. There were many difficulties in implementing quarantine, such as creating a dividing traffic line between infectious and noninfectious passengers, finding hospitals and transportation providers willing to accept these patients, transporting individuals, language barriers, and supporting daily life. As of March 8, 2020, 31 patients (4.5% of patients with positive RT-PCR results) were hospitalized and required ventilator support or intensive care, and 7 patients (1.0% of patients with positive RT-PCR results) had died.

Conclusions

There were several difficulties in implementing large-scale quarantine and obtaining medical support on the cruise ship. In the future, we need to prepare for patients’ transfer and the admitting hospitals when disembarking the passengers. We recommend treating the crew the same way as the passengers to control the infection. We must also draw a plan for the future, to protect travelers and passengers from emerging infectious diseases on cruise ships.
Assessing the Real-Time Mental Health Challenges of COVID-19 in Individuals With Serious Mental Illnesses: Protocol for a Quantitative Study
Authors: Moore Raeanne Cristine , Depp Colin Andrew , Harvey Philip D , Pinkham Amy E
Published: May 2020

Background

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused significant stress and mental health problems among the general public. However, persons at greatest risk for poor mental health outcomes, such as people with serious mental illness, have been largely overlooked.

Objective

This paper presents the protocol for a study that aims to examine the mental health impact of COVID-19 and social distancing behaviors in people with serious mental illness and the behaviors undertaken to prevent COVID-19 infection in this group.

Methods

Participants will include individuals with serious mental illness (eg, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) and nonpsychiatric control participants who are currently participating in or have previously participated in several ongoing parent observational studies. Data will be collected from April 2020 through August 2020. Participants will complete phone interviews at 2 time points to assess their current emotional functioning and discuss the measures they have taken to prevent COVID-19 infection. Baseline (pre-COVID-19) mental health, sampled by ecological momentary assessment over an extended period, will be compared with current mental health, also sampled by ecological momentary assessment over an extended period. Demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial factors at baseline will be used to examine risk and resilience to current mental health and coping.

Results

The inclusion of participants for the first round of telephone assessments started on April 3, 2020 and will be completed by May 31, 2020. As of April 30, 2020, 101 individuals had completed these first-round assessments. The second round of telephone assessments will likely occur between June 1, 2020, and August 31, 2020. Study results will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.

Conclusions

Our findings will have broad implications for understanding the psychological consequences of COVID-19 among vulnerable persons with serious mental illness and will provide the opportunity to identify targets to reduce negative outcomes in the future. We also hope our efforts will provide a roadmap and resources for other researchers who would like to implement a similar approach.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/19203
Analysis of Health Insurance Big Data for Early Detection of Disabilities: Algorithm Development and Validation (Preprint)
Authors: Jeong Seung-Hyun , Lee Tae Rim , Kang Jung Bae , Choi Mun-Taek
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Early detection of childhood developmental delays is very important for the treatment of disabilities.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the possibility of detecting childhood developmental delays leading to disabilities before clinical registration by analyzing big data from a health insurance database.

METHODS

In this study, the data from children, individuals aged up to 13 years (n=2412), from the Sample Cohort 2.0 DB of the Korea National Health Insurance Service were organized by age range. Using 6 categories (having no disability, having a physical disability, having a brain lesion, having a visual impairment, having a hearing impairment, and having other conditions), features were selected in the order of importance with a tree-based model. We used multiple classification algorithms to find the best model for each age range. The earliest age range with clinically significant performance showed the age at which conditions can be detected early.

RESULTS

The disability detection model showed that it was possible to detect disabilities with significant accuracy even at the age of 4 years, about a year earlier than the mean diagnostic age of 4.99 years.

CONCLUSIONS

Using big data analysis, we discovered the possibility of detecting disabilities earlier than clinical diagnoses, which would allow us to take appropriate action to prevent disabilities.
Perspective of Medical Students on the COVID-19 Pandemic: Survey of Nine Medical Schools in Uganda (Preprint)
Authors: Olum Ronald , Kajjimu Jonathan , Kanyike Andrew Marvin , Chekwech Gaudencia , Wekha Godfrey , Nassozi Dianah Rhoda , Kemigisa Juliet , Mulyamboga Paul , Muhoozi Oscar Kabagambe , Nsenga Lauryn , Lyavala Musilim , Asiimwe Asaph , Bongomin Felix
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a global public health concern affecting over 5 million people and posing a great burden on health care systems worldwide.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of medical students in Uganda on the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

We conducted an online, descriptive cross-sectional study in mid-April 2020, using WhatsApp Messenger. Medical students in 9 of the 10 medical schools in Uganda were approached through convenience sampling. Bloom’s cut-off of 80% was used to determine good knowledge (≥12 out of 15), positive attitude (≥20 out of 25), and good practice (≥12 out of 15).

RESULTS

The data of 741 first- to fifth-year medical students, consisting of 468 (63%) males with a mean age of 24 (SD 4) years, were analyzed. The majority (n=626, 84%) were pursuing Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery degrees. Overall, 671 (91%) had good knowledge, 550 (74%) had a positive attitude, and 426 (57%) had good practices. Knowledge was associated with the 4th year of study (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.1, 95% CI 1.6-10.3; P<.001). Attitude was associated with the female sex (aOR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-1; P=.04) and TV or radio shows (aOR 1.1, 95% CI 0.6-2.1; P=.01). Practices were associated with the ≥24 years age category (aOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1; P=.02) and online courses (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.2; P=.03). In total, 592 (80%) medical students were willing to participate in frontline care if called upon.

CONCLUSIONS

Medical students in Uganda have sufficient knowledge of COVID-19 and will be a large reservoir for health care response when the need arises.
Peran Kepala Sekolah Dalam Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan Di Sekolah Dasar Muhammadiyah 4 Malang
Authors: Purnomo Wahyudi Setyo Adi , Anshory Ichsan
Published: May 2020

Abstract: Education is the main thing in Indonesia in improving the quality of human resources. The role of the principal is very important to help improve the quality of education. This study aims to describe 1) the role of the principal in improving the quality of education in elementary schools Muhammadiyah 4 Malang. 2) efforts made by school principals in improving the quality of education in elementary school Muhammadiyah 4 Malang. In this research method using qualitative descriptive methods. The results of the study stated that 1) the role of the headmaster in improving the quality of education in elementary school Muhammadiyah 4 Malang was as a manager, leader, supervisor, administrator, educator, innovator, and motivator. 2) The principal's efforts in improving the quality of education in elementary school Muhammadiyah 4 Malang City include: a) making all improvements in all aspects of improving the quality of education; b) planning and preparing activity plans; c) coordinate the distribution of learning activities; d) supervise and evaluate teachers regarding learning activities; e) coordinate in carrying out all school activities.Keywords: The Role of Principals, Quality of Education, Elementary School Abstrak: Pendidikan merupakan hal utama di Indonesia dalam meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia. Peran kepala sekolah sangat mempengaruhi untuk membantu meningkatkan mutu pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan 1) peran kepala sekolah dalam peningkatan mutu pendidikan di sekolah dasar Muhammadiyah 4 Kota Malang. 2) upaya yang dilakukan kepala sekolah dalam peningkatan mutu pendidikan di sekolah dasar Muhammadiyah 4 Kota Malang. Dalam metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa 1) peran kepala sekolah dalam peningkatan mutu pendidikan di sekolah SD Muhammadiyah 4 Kota Malang adalah sebagai manajer, pemimipin, supervisor, administrator, edukator, inovator dan motivator. 2) Adapun upaya kepala sekolah dalam peningkatan mutu pendidikan di sekolah SD Muhammadiyah 4 Kota Malang diantaranya: a) melakukan semua perbaikan dalam semua aspek peningkatan mutu pendidikan; b) melakukan perencanaan dan penyusunan rencana kegiatan; c) mengkoordinasi pembagian kegiatan pembelajaran; d) melakukan supervise dan evaluasi guru mengenai kegiatan belajar; e) berkoordinasi dalam melakukan semua kegiatan sekolah.Kata kunci: Peran Kepala Sekolah, Mutu Pendidikan, Sekolah Dasar
Implementasi Kebijakan Full Day School Dengan Penanaman Nilai PPK Di SMAN 2 Katingan Hilir
Authors: Adawiyah Rabiatul , Soenaryo Siti Fatimah
Published: May 2020

Abstract: The development of the globalization era not only has positive impacts but also negative impacts. It is important to strengthen students' character because globalization hurts the development of the character of the young generation. This study aims to describe the implementation of full-day school policy by instilling the value of strengthening character education (PPK) in SMAN 2 Katingan Hilir. The method in this study is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques are observation, interview, and documentation. The informant selection technique in this study uses purposive sampling, which includes the School Principal, Vice Principal in the Curriculum and Student Affairs, Islamic Agana Education teacher, Citizenship Education teacher, and 5 students. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of full-day school policies by planting PPK values in SMAN 2 Katingan Hilir is carried out through extracurricular, co-curricular and extracurricular activities. Two PPK values are the focus of this research, namely cooperation that can be seen from the students to always work together to apply to help each other, hand in hand to clean and maintain the cleanliness of the school environment. While the value of independence seen from students in doing everything so it is not easy to depend on others.Keywords: Implementation of policies, Full Day School, Strengthening Character Education Abstrak: Perkembangan era globalisasi tidak hanya memberikan dampak yang positif tetapi juga dampak negatif. Penting untuk memberikan penguatan karakter siswa karena globalisasi memiliki dampak negatif terhadap perkembangan karakter generasi muda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi kebijakan full day school dengan penanaman nilai penguatan pendidikan karakter (PPK) di SMAN 2 Katingan Hilir. Metode dalam penelitian ini yaitu kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik pemilihan informan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling, yaitu meliputi Kepala Sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah bidang kurikulum dan kesiswaan, guru Pendidikan Agana Islam, guru Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, dan 5 orang siswa Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan full day school dengan penanaman nilai PPK di SMAN 2 Katingan Hilir dilakukan melalui kegiatan intrakurikuler, ko-kurikuler, dan ekstrakurikuler. Ada dua nilai PPK yang menjadi fokus penelitian ini yaitu gotong royong yang dapat dilihat dari diri peserta didik untuk selalu berkerja sama menerapkan untuk saling membantu satu sama lain, saling bahu membahu membersihkan dan menjaga kebersihan lingkungan sekolah. Sedangkan nilai mandiri dilihat dari peserta didik dalam melakukan segala hal agar tidak mudah bergantung pada orang lain.Kata kunci: Implementasi kebijakan, Full Day School, Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter
Implementasi Kebijakan Layanan Bimbingan Psiko-Edukatif Dalam Membantu Tugas Perkembangan Peserta Didik Sekolah Dasar Di Kota Kediri
Authors: Anti Hanti , Lendriyono Fauzik
Published: May 2020

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of psycho-educational guidance service policies in assisting the task of developing elementary school students in the City of Kediri and to find out supporting factors, inhibiting factors, as well as the efforts implemented in overcoming obstacles in the implementation process. This research is a qualitative descriptive study of elementary schools in the city of Kediri, with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the psycho-educational guidance service policy is carried out by the class teacher as an additional task given by the principal. This is supported by the class teacher who is considered able to condition the class he is in. Some constraints experienced include the absence of BK counselors/school counselors, the provision of services not well programmed by class teachers, the government does not place BK teachers in public schools and if it is self-constrained with funds, and there is no counseling room in schools. While the solution applied in placing senior teachers as high-class teachers (grades 4,5,6), collaborating with related institutions (KPAI, BNN, Police), and school principals also directly involved in helping class teachers in helping solve problems learners.Keywords: Policy, Psycho-Educational Guidance Services, Development TasksAbstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui implementasi kebijakan layanan bimbingan psiko-edukatif dalam membantu tugas perkembangan peserta didik SD di Kota Kediri dan untuk mengetahui faktor pendukung, faktor penghambat, serta upaya yang diterapkan dalam mengatasi hambatan dalam proses implementasinya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif sekolah dasar di kota Kediri, dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan layanan bimbingan psiko-edukatif dilaksanakan oleh guru kelas sebagai tugas tambahan yang diberikan oleh kepala sekolah. Hal tersebut didukung dengan guru kelas yang dinilai mampu mengondisikan kelas yang diampunya. Beberapa kendala yang dialami antara lain tidak adanya tenaga guru BK/konselor sekolah, pemberian layanan tidak terprogram dengan baik oleh guru kelas, pemerintah tidak menempatkan guru BK pada sekolah negeri dan bila mengadakan sendiri terkendala dengan dana, dan tidak adanya ruang konseling di sekolah. Sedangkan solusi yang diterapkan yaitu menempatkan guru senior sebagai guru kelas tinggi (kelas 4,5,6), mengadakan kerja sama dengan instansi yang terkait (KPAI, BNN, Kepolisian), dan kepala sekolah juga ikut terjun langsung membantu guru kelas dalam membantu menyelesaikan permasalahn peserta didik.Kata Kunci: Kebijakan, Layanan Bimbingan Psiko-Edukatif, Tugas Perlembangan
Zapobieganie wiktymizacji wtórnej osób z niepełnosprawnością
Authors: Bilewicz Małgorzata
Published: May 2020

Wtórna wiktymizacja jest kontynuacją (powieleniem) krzywdy wobec ofiary przez osoby, do których zwraca się o pomoc. Zjawisko to nabiera szczególnego znaczenia w sytuacji osób z niepełnosprawnością, które z racji naruszonej sprawności psychofizycznej, szczególnie narażone są na doznanie krzywdy. W takim przypadku należy dołożyć wszelkich starań, aby nie dopuścić do powtórnego skrzywdzenia ofiary przestępstwa – także przez osoby, których zadaniem, z racji wykonywanego zawodu, jest udzielanie im pomocy. Artykuł jest próbą wskazania działań, które uchronią osoby z niepełnosprawnością przed wtórną wiktymizacją, szczególnie ze strony urzędników państwowych.
Indywidualizacja oddziaływań resocjalizacyjnych w młodzieżowych ośrodkach wychowawczych
Authors: Kranc Michał
Published: May 2020

W artykule wyjaśnione zostało pojęcie indywidualizacji oddziaływań resocjalizacyjnych. Następnie autor cytuje wyniki badań własnych dotyczących różnych przejawów indywidualizacji oddziaływań wychowawczych stosowanych w praktyce badanych ośrodków. Autor dostrzega potrzebę systematyzacji procesu resocjalizacji w badanych ośrodkach między innymi przez wprowadzenie jednolitego planu dnia lub podstawy programowej wychowania resocjalizacyjnego.Rozwiązania te prowadzić mają do uporządkowania i dookreślenia oddziaływań resocjalizacyjnych.
Samodzielne Proces usamodzielnienia w doświadczeniach biograficznych byłych wychowanek placówek resocjalizacyjnych
Authors: Jaros Agnieszka
Published: May 2020

Artykuł poświęcony jest procesowi usamodzielniania się kobiet, które w przeszłości przebywały w placówkach resocjalizacyjnych. Do zilustrowania poruszanej tematyki wykorzystane wywiady narracyjne (wraz z właściwa procedurą analityczną F. Schütze) przeprowadzone z kobietami, które w przeszłości przebywały w młodzieżowym ośrodku wychowawczym. W oparciu o analizę uzyskanego materiału dokonano rekonstrukcji sposobów realizacji różnych form wsparcia w ramach procedury usamodzielnienia byłych wychowanek, tak jak ujawniały się one w ich indywidualnych doświadczeniach biograficznych. Z jednej strony procedura usamodzielnienia sprzyja readaptacji społecznej rozumianej jako przystosowanie się do czynnego życia poprzez pełnienie ról społecznych. Z drugiej strony takie formy wsparcia jak pomoc pieniężna na kontynuowanie nauki, która nie umożliwia samodzielnego życia i odpowiednie warunki mieszkaniowe w lokalach socjalnych, które lokują osoby w „patologicznej przestrzeni społecznej” stanowią o swoistej grze pozorów świadczonej pomocy.
Znaczenie nadawane karze przez osadzonych w Zakładzie Karnym w Wołowie
Authors: Woźny Karolina
Published: May 2020

Kara jest pojęciem mocno powiązanym z więziennictwem. Wymiar sprawiedliwościnakłada karę na osobę popełniającą przestępstwo, by wywrzeć na niej zmianę i zniechęcićją do dalszego niewłaściwego zachowania. Mnie jako badacza zainteresowało, czy więźniowieodbywający karę pozbawienia wolności po raz kolejny (recydywiści), czyli osoby wielokrotnieukarane, w ogóle zdają sobie sprawę z procesów, którym podlegają. Próbowałam dowiedziećsię nie tylko jak rozumieją pojęcie kary, ale również co sądzą na temat jej skuteczności orazczy według nich kara pozbawienia wolności jest potrzebna i czy nie można by karać ludziw inny sposób. W części teoretycznej opisałam, jakie naukowcy wytyczają cele i funkcje kary,by móc później porównać teorię naukową z rzeczywistością. Wywiadów udzieliło mi dziesięciurecydywistów z Zakładu Karnego w Wołowie i każda z tych rozmów była inna, dlatego teżmoje wnioski nie są jednoznaczne i wymagają kolejnych badań.
Indywidualizacja oddziaływań resocjalizacyjnych skierowanych do młodzieży nieprzystosowanej społecznie – w stronę skutecznej readaptacji społecznej prowadzonej przez Departament Probacji do spraw Nieletnich w Nowym Yorku
Authors: Wołyniec-Kurkowska Emilia
Published: May 2020

Kategoria nieletnich sprawców przestępstw w amerykańskim systemie resocjalizacjipodlega szczególnemu zainteresowaniu służb społecznych. Priorytetowy status wszystkichspraw nieletnich znajduje swoje odzwierciedlenie w licznych propozycjach wsparcia nastolatkówobjętych postępowaniem sądowym. Cechuje je odejście od polityki bezwzględnegokarania na rzecz znalezienia skutecznych rozwiązań umożliwiających jednostce rehabilitacjęspołeczną bez konieczności umieszczania jej w instytucji izolacyjnej. W niniejszym artykuleopisane zostały metody pracy środowiskowej za pomocą programów resocjalizacyjnych realizowanychprzy udziale społeczności lokalnej w Nowym Yorku. Ponadto w artykule omówionoklasyfikację nietanich przestępców, procedurę wszczęcia postępowania sądowego oraz scharakteryzowanopoziomy probacji. Przedstawione w pracy spostrzeżenia dotyczące praktycznegowymiaru realizowania oddziaływań wychowawczych względem młodzieży nieprzystosowanejspołecznie sporządzone zostały na podstawie stażu odbytego przez autorkę w nowojorskimDepartamencie Probacji do spraw Nieletnich.
Diagnoza dysfunkcji społecznychczy indywidualnych potencjałóww pracy kuratora sądowego
Authors: Wysocka Ewa
Published: May 2020

Autorka prezentuje w artykule podstawowe założenia diagnozy pozytywnej, możliwej do wykorzystania w pracy kuratora sądowego. Resocjalizację traktuje jako proces wewnętrznej przemiany, dokonującej się na bazie odkrywanych oraz uaktywnianych potencjałów i zasobów jednostki niedostosowanej społecznie. Proces wewnętrznej przemiany ujmuje jako rezultat zmian w motywacji: od amotywacji do motywacji wewnętrznej. Jako podstawę teoretyczną tworzenia modelu diagnozy w resocjalizacji wskazuje dwie koncepcje: teorię autodeterminacji (SDT – Self-determination Theory) Edwarda L. Deciego i Richarda M. Ryana oraz koncepcję braku motywacji, głównie przyczyn amotywacji Lisy Legault, Isabelle Green- Demers, Luca G. Pelletiera, Stéphanie Dijon, Kim Tuson, Symeona P. Vlachopoulosa i Marii A. Gigoudi. W tym kontekście autorka dokonuje analizy procesu motywacyjnego z perspektywy skutecznego działania resocjalizującego. W kolejnych akapitach opracowania dokonana została analiza sposobu rozumienia procesu diagnozy oraz przedstawiony został proponowany model teoretyczny diagnozy resocjalizacyjnej, wraz z jego uzasadnieniem merytorycznym. W rezultacie opracowanie stanowi próbę sformułowania zaleceń oraz skonstruowania modelu teoretycznego diagnozy resocjalizacyjnej w obszarze pracy kuratora sądowego.
Border effect of agricultural trade between China and the Belt and Road countries: a computable general equilibrium model analysis
Authors: Dang Jingqi , Pang Yipu
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we constructed a global trade computable general equilibrium model using the input-output table data in 2002, 2007, 2010, and 2015 to measure the border effect of the bilateral trade of agricultural products between China and the Belt and Road (B&R) countries, and designed a simulation analysis under different scenarios for the impact of the B&R initiative on China’s agricultural trade. We discovered that: (1) The border effect of agricultural product trade between China and the B&R countries decreased by 20.9% in 2015 compared with that in 2010, which means that the B&R initiative to some extent reduced the trade barriers and promoted the bilateral agricultural trade between China and the B&R countries. (2) There are different changes in border effect between China’s domestic regions and between unilateral and bilateral border, the decline of border effect in China’s costal area is larger than that in inland area, and the decline in import border is larger than that in export border. (3) With the improvement of the B&R framework and the implementation of supporting policies, the decline in trade costs and in local agricultural product preference as well as the agricultural technology progress will further reduce the border effect. China’s domestic regional trade gap will gradually narrow, the bilateral agricultural trade will be highly active, and the continuous growth of agricultural trade will emerge between China and the B&R countries.
A Autonomia da Vontade como solução de conflitos contratuais no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro: considerações após a recepção no ordenamento brasileiro da Convenção das Nações Unidas para os Contratos de Compra e Venda Internacional de Mercadorias
Authors: Gouveia Alvaro Augusto Santos Caldas , Barza Eugênia Cristina Nilsen Ribeiro
Published: May 2020

RESUMOTrata-se de tema relativo ao Direito Internacional Privado e Direito do Comércio Internacional, cujo objetivo principal é analisar os efeitos da incorporação da CISG no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, considerando a aplicação do princípio da autonomia da vontade em contratos internacionais de comércio. Fez-se um estudo exploratório, com método dedutivo, a partir de dados secundários sobre solução de conflitos de lei no espaço no comércio internacional, tendo como pergunta principal avaliar se houve uma ampliação da autonomia da vontade contratual no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro após a recepção da CISG. Partindo do contexto das transformações no comércio internacional Pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial, no qual surgem efetivamente possibilidades trazidas pela unificação, uniformização e harmonização jurídica, avaliam-se elementos relevantes da contribuição do texto da CISG para a solução de Conflitos de Lei no Espaço. Comparando dispositivos da CISG com outros, do Código Civil Brasileiro de 1916 e da Lei nº 9.307/1966, observam-se as repercussões do princípio da autonomia da vontade em contratos internacionais de comércio.PALAVRAS-CHAVEContratos de compra e venda internacional de mercadorias. Autonomia da vontade. Solução de conflitos.ABSTRACTThis is a topic related to Private International Law and International Trade Law, whose main objective is to analyze the effects of the incorporation of the CISG into the Brazilian legal system, considering the application of the principle of autonomy of the will in international trade contracts. An exploratory study was carried out, using a deductive method, based on secondary data on the solution of conflicts of law in the international trade space. The main question was whether there was an increase in the autonomy of the contractual will in the Brazilian legal system after the reception of the CISG. From the context of the post-World War II international trade transformations, in which the possibilities brought about by unification, uniformity and legal harmonization emerge, relevant elements of the contribution of the CISG text to the solution of Conflicts of Law are evaluated. Comparing CISG articles with others, the Brazilian Civil Code of 1916 and Law No. 9,307/1966, the repercussions of the principle of autonomy of the will in international trade contracts are observed.KEYWORDSContracts for the international sale of goods. Autonomy of the will. Conflict resolution.
Os anos de formação de Antonio Candido: livros como forma de vida
Authors: Bergamini Atilio
Published: May 2020

Este ensaio reconstrói os anos de formação de Antonio Candido a partir das memórias do crítico literário adulto a respeito da biblioteca dos seus pais. O ensaio busca também ser uma despretensiosa introdução a algumas ideias de Candido.
Entre o narrador e matéria narrativa: notas de leitura de "O cortiço"
Authors: Sanseverino Antônio Marcos Vieira
Published: May 2020

Antonio Candido identifica em O Cortiço, de Aluísio Azevedo, um descompasso entre a narração e a intriga. O narrador seria um homem branco, livre, brasileiro que olharia com desprezo para negros e portugueses. Ao preconceito, alia-se o ponto de vista aderente à moda científica de fins do século XIX. Neste artigo, defendemos que a história do cortiço, em Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, apresenta tensões sociais que escapam ao modelo explicativo do narrador. A partir daí, é feita a análise de três aspectos da obra. Em primeiro lugar, é detalhada a leitura desse narrador. A seguir, é feita a análise do protagonista, João Romão, que ascende socialmente através da exploração do cortiço. Na terceira seção, é destacada a transformação por que passam Jerônimo e Pombinha. Por fim, a linha geral da leitura trabalha com a oposição dialética entre a exploração capitalista de Romão e os moradores do cortiço, que se orientam por costumes e valores pré-capitalistas.
CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO E REGIMES CAMBIAIS: ANÁLISE DE PAINEL
Authors: Cardoso Carlos De Almeida , Vieira Flávio Vilela
Published: May 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a importância dos regimescambiais para o crescimento econômico utilizando uma amostra de 82 países, noperíodo de 1970 a 2009, e também avaliar o papel dos diversos tipos de crisesfinanceiras. Os resultados das estimações System GMM indicam que países comregimes de câmbio flexível e intermediários tiveram maiores taxas de crescimentoem comparação com os que adotaram regimes de câmbio rígido/fixo no períodototal (1970 a 2009), porém, tal resultado não é robusto para o período de 1990 a2009. Tal resultado deve estar associado ao fato de que regimes de câmbio flexívele intermediário são menos propensos a estar associados a significativas apreciaçõescambiais que têm impacto negativo sobre o setor exportador. Para o períodopós-1970, o crescimento econômico depende de variáveis como taxa de inflação,anos de educação (proxy para capital humano), termos de troca e taxa de investimento.Já no período pós-1990, a variável gastos do governo como percentualdo PIB (proxy para disciplina fiscal) tem significância estatística e sinal negativo, indicandoque uma maior (menor) disciplina fiscal está associada a maiores (menores)taxas de crescimento econômico. Quanto às diversas crises, estas não tiveramsignificância estatística para o crescimento, com exceção das crises de reversãobrusca nos fluxos de capitais no período pós-1990.
O GOLPE DE 1964 E AS IMPLICAÇÕES SOBRE O SENTIDO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO CAPITALISTA BRASILEIRO
Authors: Moraes Leonardo Segura
Published: May 2020

O objetivo principal deste artigo é analisar os sentidos do golpe de 1964sobre o desenvolvimento capitalista brasileiro e em quais bases materiais se assentaram.Para tanto, propõe-se a articulação das categorias trabalhadas por Jessop (1991) coma interpretação de Dreifuss (1981) sobre o golpe de 1964 no Brasil. A hipótese é que ogolpe de 1964 ocorreu de uma crise do trabalhismo sem romper com a industrializaçãopor substituição de importações. Conclui-se que o trabalhismo foi parte do projetohegemônico oriundo da revolução de 1930, ao passo que o o desenvolvimentismocorresponde uma estratégia de acumulação do período.
EFEITOS DIFERENCIADOS DE INCENTIVOS FISCAIS E FINANCIAMENTOS SOBRE OS GASTOS EMPRESARIAIS EM P&D NA SEGUNDA METADE DOS ANOS 2000
Authors: Brigante Paulo César
Published: May 2020

Tendo em vista o papel dos instrumentos de suporte público à pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D), enquanto um tema pouco explorado e inconcluso, este artigo temcomo objetivo avaliar a eficácia dos incentivos fiscais e financiamentos sobre os gastosempresariais privados nessas atividades. Considerando-se os níveis historicamente insuficientes dos últimos, o Brasil mantém uma distância significativa nos indicadores deinovação em relação aos países avançados. No contexto da retomada de iniciativas depolíticas industriais e de inovação nos anos 2000, houve maior aporte de recursos públicos, através do crédito e dos incentivos fiscais, do qual se esperava elevação dos gastosprivados em P&D. A razão principal da intervenção governamental obedecia à lógica deamenizar os elevados custos e riscos da P&D. Com a base de microdados da Pesquisa deInovação (Pintec), do IBGE, neste estudo são realizadas estimativas sobre os efeitos decada tipo de instrumento, aplicando-se o método de diferenças em diferenças (DID) comcovariadas para as bases de 2005, 2008 e 2011. Dois painéis de períodos consecutivossão construídos: 2005-2008 e 2008-2011, e, com isso, as estimativas mensuram as diferenças de variações de gastos em P&D entre empresas beneficiárias e não beneficiárias.Adicionalmente, a análise foca empresas localizadas em setores de diferentes graus deintensidade tecnológica. Com a escolha do método, procura-se contornar o problemado viés de seleção, constatando-se que os efeitos de adicionalidade limitam-se aos incentivos fiscais, não se generalizando para todos os setores.