bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A General Framework for Optimal Control of Fractional Nonlinear Delay Systems by Wavelets
Authors: Malmir Iman
Published: December 2020

An iterative procedure to find the optimal solutions of general fractional nonlinear delay systems with quadraticperformance indices is introduced. The derivatives of state equations are understood in the Caputo sense. By presenting and applying a general framework, we use the Chebyshev wavelet method developed for fractional linear optimal control to convert fractional nonlinear optimal control problems as a sequence of quadratic programming ones. The concepts and computational procedure that are used for fractional linear optimal control are applied on fractional nonlinear optimal control. Different types of nonlinear optimal control problems with fractional or integer order can be solved. To see this, some numerical examples are solved. Another operational property of Chebyshev wavelets is presented.
Variations of Phosphorus, Sulphur and Nitrogen Content in Lichens in the Former Manufacturing Areas
Authors: Lazarenko Vitālijs , Balcerbule Zenta , Rudoviča Vita , Vīksna Arturs
Published: December 2020

The aim of this research work was to evaluate the pollution level of phosphorus, sulphur and nitrogen in the former manufacturing areas (the former Kuprava drainage pipe factory and landfill site) and compare it with the Sita forest area levels using lichens as bioindicators. Additionally, the correlation between the content of these elements in lichens and soil was examined. The research results show that in the former drainage pipe factory area and landfill site, the levels of phosphorus, sulphur and nitrogen content were elevated in comparison with Sita forest. In the case of phosphorus and nitrogen contents, a positive correlation was observed between soil and lichen samples.
Mathematical model of aperiodic timetables of urban electric transport
Authors:   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Gorbachev A. M.
Published: December 2020

The analysis of scientifi c publications and timetable models is given. Existing works have been used as a basis of a classification of timetables by the frequency of time values. The urban transport network is presented in the form of a multigraph. The transition from a multigraph of the urban transport network to a network of events characterizing the traffi c process is considered. Constraints on time values have been formalized to solve the main problem of the scheduling theory. The proposed formalization factors in the specifi cs of traffic management planning in Russia and other post-Soviet countries. A mathematical model of aperiodic timetables for the ground urban electric transport traffic based on the theory of linear programming is presented. The optimization criterion for solving the main problem of the scheduling theory has been substantiated. The uniformity of traffi c intervals is used as an optimization criterion for solving the main problem of the scheduling theory. The article provides tabular timetables used in urban transport to describe the traffi c process in the absence of significant events on the line. The implementation of the model presented in this article is exemplified by the automated tram and trolleybus timetable design software being part of the automated urban electric transport control system currently used in Saint Petersburg to form tram and trolleybus timetables. The examples of calculating the vehicle departure interval diagrams have been used to demonstrate the function of aligning the traffi c intervals. In conclusion, the advantages and development paths of the proposed model of aperiodic timetables for the ground urban electric transport traffic are listed
Menggugat Tradisi Talak Muslim Lombok
Authors: Abdullah Abdullah
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the talak tradition that developed in the Lombok Muslim community in Gunungsari Subdistrict, the focus of the problem in this study was the fulfillment of rights. Because the meeting of Islamic law with the local custom of the community causes the color of the living law to vary. In this study, researchers used a qualitative approach to data collection using observation and interview methods. This research found several Muslim chili talak traditions. First, reporting men to religious and community leaders about the divorce. Second, pecelekan (Returning the bride to her parents' house). Third, nullifying the husband's obligation (aborting the rights of the wife) in living expenses for clothing and food. From these traditions, there are traditions that need to be maintained because many bring benefit, while other traditions must be eliminated because they conflict with the Qur'an and are detrimental to women
Melacak Kedalaman Tasawuf Modern Hamka di Tengah Arus Modernitas
Authors: Fahru Fahrudin F
Published: December 2020

This article aims to analyze the concept of modern Sufism (wasathiyah) thinking of Hamka. This paper uses the literature method by exploring and collecting various references such as books, articles, journals, and other documents relating to the themes discussed. The findings of this study are that Hamka is an archipelago Muslim intellectual figure known for his scientific productivity, evidenced by various works produced in various scientific disciplines, including modern Sufism. Modern Sufism was conceived by Hamka as a concept and movement to integrate the interests of the world and the hereafter, the world is used as a medium to draw closer to Allah. This moderate concept (tawasuth) will later produce a paradigm of a balanced modern society (tawazun), proportional (i'tidal), and tolerance (tasamuh), so that it becomes a socially and spiritually pious society.
Nilai-nilai Pendidikan Islam Bagi Anak dalam Tradisi Basiru pada Kegiatan Khitanan
Authors: Heru Akhairuddin
Published: December 2020

This study aims to describe the values ??of Islamic education for children in the local culture that still exists as an educational process in preserving the local culture of the Sekongkang community of West Sumbawa. The urgency of the basic tradition is carried out as a binding value in the Sekongkang community of West Sumbawa, where when another person provides help, that person must provide similar help without having to pay a wage.  This is the case with circumcision activities carried out by the people of West Sumbawa in general. The author uses an interpretive approach with an ethnographic writing model. Ethnographic studies describe and interpret cultures, social groups, or systems. Several findings related to the value of education for children such as; Aqidah Educational Values, Character Education Values, Health Education Values??, and Sesks Educational Values. These values ??are instilled by parents to be understood and implemented by the child.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ROUTINE INFLAMMATORY MARKERS AND EJECTION FRACTION IN ELDERLY MEN WITH STABLE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: COŞGUN Ayhan
Published: December 2020

Purpose: New inflammatory markers have recently been proposed for chronic inflammatory diseases. Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of stable coronary artery disease(SCAD). The aim of our study was to evaluate hematological parameters in elderly male patients with SCAD.

Material and Methods: Between March 2015 and August 2019, 131 male patients over 65 years of age who had exertion angina for 3 months and had 3 vascular disease on coronary angiography and had an ejection fraction (EF) of less than 55% on transthoracic echocardiogram were included in the study group 1. A total of 117 male patients over 65 years of age who had exertion angina more than 3 months and 3-vessel disease on coronary angiography and whose EF was above 55% on transthoracic echocardiogram were included in the study. Data of elderly male patients were recorded from the patient files of the institution. The data of the two study groups were compared.

Results: In group 1, Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW), Mean Platelet Volume (MPV)/Platelet (P) and RDW/P values were significantly higher than group 2 (p
Mide Kanserli Hastalarda Preoperatif Serum CRP ve IL-6’nın Prognostik Değeri
Authors: ALTUN ÖZDEMİR Buket , KOÇER Havva Belma , BALCI Mustafa
Published: December 2020

Amaç: İnterlökin-6 (IL-6) inflamasyon ve tümör oluşumunda anjiogenesiz yolaklarında rol oynar. C-reaktif protein (CRP) inflamasyon belirtecidir ve birçok kanserin progresyonuna eşlik etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, mide kanseri tanısı ile ameliyat edilen hastalarda preoperatif CRP ve IL-6 düzeylerinin prognoza etkisi araştırıldı.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Kliniğimizde mide kanseri tanısıyla elektif koşullarda ameliyat edilen 45 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların demografik, histopatolojik ve klinik özellikleri değerlendirildi. Preoperatif dönemde alınan kan örneklerinde CRP ve IL-6 düzeyleri çalışıldı.

Bulgular: IL-6 düzeyinin tanıdaki metastaz, mortalite ve CRP düzeyi ile anlamlı ilişkisi saptandı. CRP düzeyine etki eden faktörler ise, uzak metastaz, mortalite, CEA ve IL-6 olarak belirlendi. Multivaryant analizde CRP yüksekliğinin IL-6 düzeyini başka faktörlerden bağımsız olarak artırdığı saptandı. Hastalıksız sağkalımı etkileyen faktörler; CA 19-9, IL-6, CRP yüksekliği, kötü differensiyasyon, ileri tümör evresi, Lauren sınıflandırması, preoperatif metastaz varlığı olarak saptandı. IL-6, CRP, CEA yüksekliği, differensiyasyon, evre, duvar invazyon kalınlığı, Lauren sınıflamasında diffüz tip bulunması, lenfatik invazyon varlığı, preoperatif metastaz varlığı ve hastanın kemoterapi tedavisi alması toplam sağkalıma etki eden faktörler olarak saptandı. Nüks ve/veya metastaz gelişme riski; tanıda CRP değeri yüksek olan hastalarda 6.8 kat, hastalığa bağlı mortalite riski IL-6 değeri yüksek olan hastalarda 15.9 kat fazladır.

Sonuç: Mide kanserinde, preoperatif serum CRP ve IL-6 düzeylerinin ölçülmesi, hastalığın malignite potansiyelini ve progresyonunu yansıtır. Bu nedenle hastaların takibi ve tedaviye yanıtlarını monitörize etmede yararlı tümör belirteçleri olarak kullanılabilirler.
Surgical outcomes in elderly patients with obstructed colorectal cancer: Single center experience
Authors: DİKİCİER Enis , KAMBUROĞLU Muhammed , GÖNÜLLÜ Emre , AKDENİZ Yeşim , ÖZDEMİR Kayhan , MANTOĞLU Barış , KOÇER Havva , ÇELEBİ Fehmi
Published: December 2020

Aim: Colorectal cancer is the most common cause of large bowel ob-struction in elderly. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical findings and perioperative outcomes of elder and younger colorectal cancer patients who were urgently operated for obstruction in our de-partment.

Material and Method: The files of patients who underwent emergency surgery for acute mechanical bowel obstruction due to colorectal cancer between January 2015 and December 2019 at the Sakarya University School of Medicine, Department of General Surgery were retrospective-ly reviewed.

Results: A total of 187 patients who had emergency operation due to colorectal cancer-related obstruction in a 5-year period were included. 55.6% (n = 104) were over the age of 65, 46.4% (n = 83) were under the age of 65. ASA scores, tumor localization, and mean total hospital stay, duration of intensive care were statistically different between the two groups (p
Gearing up for the Future: Mitigating Dysregulated Inflammation in Aging and Facets of Obesity
Authors: Xu Weili , Larbi Anis
Published: December 2020

A 20% global increase in the number of obese individuals is likely to occur by 2030. Projections for the US alone suggest that 85% of the population may be overweight or obese by 2030. This is a worrying trend, as obese individuals exhibit many symptoms of metabolic syndrome (MS). In the first section of this review, we cover recent literature describing how obesity and aging have a similar impact on the immune system by contributing to chronic low-grade inflammation. In the second section, we describe potential interventions that could mitigate physiological changes associated with obesity and aging, and discuss future studies that would be necessary to elucidate the impact of obesity on immunity and metabolic health in order to further the advancement of precision medicine.
Reinventing ourselves: new and emerging roles of academic librarians in Canadian research-intensive universities
Authors: Ducas Ada , Michaud-Oystryk Nicole , Speare Marie
Published: December 2020

The academic library profession is being redefined by the shifting research and scholarly landscape, the transformation in higher education, and advances in technology.

A survey of librarians working in Canada’s research-intensive universities was conducted to explore new and emerging roles. This study focuses on librarians’ activities in: Research Support, Teaching and Learning, Digital Scholarship, User Experience, and Scholarly Communication. It addresses the scope and nature of the new roles, the skills required to provide new services, and the confidence librarians have in their abilities to perform the new roles. It also reports on librarians’ job satisfaction and their perceived impact on the academic enterprise.
A combination herbal medicine in the treatment of children with recurrent tonsillopharyngitis
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Dronov I.A. , Geppe N.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Kolosova N.G. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Velikoretskaya M.D. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

Acute tonsillopharyngitis (ATP) is an acute inflammation of the oropharyngeal mucosa and lymphatic structures usually caused by viruses and less frequently by bacteria, primarily group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS). Children often have recurrent ATP with 3 or more episodes per year. Objective. In this randomized clinical trial, we evaluated the efficacy of Tonsilgon® N, a combination herbal medicine with the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, in the treatment of children with recurrent ATP. Patients and methods. Seventy-two children aged between 3 and 12 years with recurrent ATP were randomized into two equal groups: children in the experimental group received symptomatic therapy and Tonsilgon® N (oral drops for 14 days), whereas children in the control group received symptomatic therapy alone. Patients with ATP caused by GABHS (n = 13) additionally received an antibiotic. Disease manifestations (overall patient condition, fever, sore throat, pharyngoscopy findings, and lymph node reaction) were evaluated using a scoring system before the initiation of therapy and then after 3, 10, and 30 days. All patients were followed up for 6 months. Results. Seventy-one children were included into the final analysis (one patient from the experimental group was excluded due to an allergic reaction). Initially, there were no significant differences between the two groups. Treatment ensured positive dynamics in both groups; however, 10 days after therapy initiation, the score in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p = 0.02). Follow-up demonstrated that patients in the experimental group were less likely to develop recurrent ATP (p = 0.013), had fewer ATP relapses (p = 0.003) and antibiotic courses (p = 0.01) compared to controls. Conclusion. The use of Tonsilgon® N in children with recurrent ATP increases treatment efficacy, reduces the number of relapses, and the need for antibiotics. Key words: children, acute tonsillopharyngitis, recurrent respiratory infections, herbal therapy, Tonsilgon® N
Modern aspects of interdisciplinary treatment in children with bilateral cleft lip and palate
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Dudnik О.V. , Mamedov Ad.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Skakodub A.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Maklennan A.B. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Mazurina L.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Chertikhina A.S. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Beznosik A.R. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Bille D.S. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

According to the World Health Organization incidence of cleft lip and palate ranges from 0.6-1.6 cases per 1000 newborns per year. Thus, bilateral full cleft lip and palate occurs less frequently around 15–25%. Purpose: to analyze treatment methods for children with bilateral cleft lip and palate during the period of a removable bite. A review of 51 literature sources from 1951 to 2019 was carried out. Occlusion development features in bilateral cleft lip and palate patients during mixed dentition period were analysed. Main anatomical features of the maxillofacial region in children with bilateral cleft lip and palate during mixed dentition period is narrowing of the upper and lower dental arches as well as presence soft tissues scars of the upper lip. The main methods of treatment for such children is surgical reconstructive operations, including the elimination of the anatomical defect of the hard palate using mucoperiosteal flaps from the lateral parts of the hard palate combined with orthodontic treatment methods. Thus, an integral method of treating children with bilateral cleft lip and palate during mixed dentition period is a comprehensive approach, including surgical reconstructive operations, as well as orthodontic treatment, the main purpose of which is to expand and extend dental arch, which results in normal occlusion therefore eliminating myofunctional disorders. Key words: cleft lip, cleft palate, mixed dentition, occlusion features, orthodontic treatment
Prevention of cognitive disorders in the postoperative period in preschoolers
Authors:   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Zolotareva L.S. , Paponov O.N. ,   N.F.Filatov Children's Clinical Hospital No 13, Moscow, Russian Federation, Stepanenko S.M. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Adler A.V. ,   N.F.Filatov Children's Clinical Hospital No 13, Moscow, Russian Federation, Feduleeva E.S. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Silina E.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

Surgeries under general anesthesia may result in reduced cognitive functions in children, which is important for child development Objective. To assess the incidence of cognitive disorders in children aged 3 to 7 years after intraoperative combined balanced anesthesia and to evaluate the efficacy of Cytoflavin in preventing them. Patients and methods. This study included 85 children who had undergone surgery (adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy) under general combined balanced anesthesia (sevoflurane, nitrous oxide, rocuronium bromide, fentanyl, and dexamethasone). The patients were randomized into two groups: control group (n = 40) and experimental group, in which children additionally received one infusion of cytoflavin intraoperatively (n = 44). All patients underwent comprehensive testing with the assessment of various cognitive functions before surgery, 24 hours postoperatively, and one month postoperatively. Results. Cognitive disorders were observed in 6%–10% of children after general anesthesia. The main manifestations of cognitive deficits in the postoperative period, such as impaired concentration, were most significant 24 hours postoperatively, but were eliminated one month later. A total of 7.1% of children demonstrated at least 20% decrease of their attention after surgery under general balanced anesthesia (confirmed by at least 3 tests). Six percent of children had a 20% decrease in their memory 24 hours postoperatively (confirmed by 2 tests). Cytoflavin improved cognitive performance 24 hours postoperatively, while patients in the control group had no significant changes. However, administration of cytoflavin had no significant impact on the incidence of cognitive deficit. Further studies are needed to identify children at risk who require prevention of cognitive disorders associated with anesthesia. Key words: anesthesia in children, anesthetics, pediatric surgery, cognitive outcomes, nicotinamide, postoperative cognitive dysfunction, cytoflavin
Latissimus Dorsi Myotendinous Repair with Allograft Hamstring Tendon Graft Augmentation
Authors: Lo Eddie Y. , Strage Katya , Rizkalla James , Majekodunmi Temilola , Krishnan Sumant G.
Published: December 2020

Case:

A 30-year-old male weightlifter presented after suffering a myotendinous rupture of his latissimus dorsi from heavy weightlifting. Latissimus dorsi injuries are rare, with little to no documented technique in the literature on management, particularly of ruptures through the myotendinous junction of the anatomical muscle. This case report describes the surgical technique, approach, and postoperative management of an acutely avulsed latissimus dorsi using an allograft hamstring tendon to repair the myotendinous junction.

Conclusion:

Allograft hamstring tendon graft augmentation is a viable repair option for patients with latissimus dorsi myotendinous rupture.
Novel Technique for Osteosynthesis of Tongue-Type Calcaneus Fractures in Osteoporotic Bone
Authors: Yu Henry H. , Ardavanis Kyle S. , Durso Joseph T. , Garries Matthew P. , Erard Uma E.
Published: December 2020

Case:

A 75-year-old woman with osteoporosis sustained a low-energy mechanism tongue-type calcaneus fracture. Index surgical fixation with conventionally described cannulated screws was complicated by early screw pull-out despite concomitant Achilles lengthening procedure. Using a novel technique, revision fixation was performed using a 5.0-mm condyle bolt from a retrograde femoral nail system and 2 cannulated screws. She recovered uneventfully and demonstrated union at 7 months postoperatively.

Conclusion:

Osteosynthesis of tongue-type calcaneus fractures using a condyle bolt can be a practical and readily available solution for primary and revision scenarios in osteoporotic tongue-type calcaneus fractures.
In Search of Gala Dali’s City of Birth
Authors:   Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov, Elena L. Yakovleva
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study was to find the birthplace of Elena Ivanovna (Dmitrievna) Dyakonova, known to the whole world under the name of Gala Dali. Documented sources about the woman’s city of birth have not been found so far, which led to the emergence of conflicting information. To achieve this goal, the author is looking for indirect documents confirming that Gala Dali was born in Kazan. For the first time, the problem is investigated based on archival data of her parents ‒ father Dmitry Ilyich Gomberg, who studied at the Imperial Kazan University from 1892 to 1895, and mother Antonina Petrovna Dyakonova. Analysis of documents found in the State Archives of the Republic of Tatarstan, articles by D. V. Malinovsky, grandson of the adopted son of D. I. Gomberg, memoirs and historical data helped to clarify the situation about the place of birth of the muse Dali and the plight of her family. The key research method is source study analysis of office documents, their comparison with historical data about everyday life and facts from the biography of Gala Dali. As a result of the research search, the place of birth of Elena Ivanovna/Dmitrievna Dyakonova was determined ‒ the city of Kazan, as evidenced by direct and indirect facts from the biographies of the parents and Gala herself, as well as the difficult life situation of the woman’s parents, their connection with revolutionary activities and mentioning in police circulars. This explains the reason why the woman did not like to remember the story of her birth and created numerous myths about the city of birth, family and living conditions. The data obtained can be used for further reconstruction of the history of the Gala family and her biography. Keywords: myth, Gala Dali, Kazan, city of birth, revolutionary activity, clerical documents of the fund of the office of the Imperial Kazan University of the State Archives of the Republic of Tatarstan, fear
The Second Wave of Nationalization of the Banking Sector in Irkutsk Province in the Early 1920s
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Elena V. Plotnikova
Published: December 2020

The article considers one of the aspects of the economic history of Russia, in particular, the nationalization of the banking sector in the Irkutsk province, which took place in the beginning of 1920 after the final approval of the power of the Soviets in the region. The relevance of the publication is dictated by the growth of scientific interest in the problems that make up the field of economic history research. In the realities of modern political and economic development of the Russian state, the specifics of the development of nationalization processes in certain sectors of the national economy, taking into account the existence of accompanying negative factors and working out ways to overcome them, also have a certain interest. The historical and genetic method, along with the principles of historicism and consistency, allowed us to restore the fabric of historical reality in the framework of the process of nationalization of the banking sector of the Irkutsk province and identify a number of negative phenomena that affected the fate of persons involved in this process. The nationalization processes that began in December 1917 were suspended by the change of the political regime in the province in July 1918. After the restoration of Soviet power, the Bolsheviks re-launched the nationalization of private banks in the region by creating a Liquidation and Technical Board, which in addition to representatives of Soviet authorities included employees of the banking sector in Irkutsk. The article describes the composition of the Board, highlights its activities related to the resolution of issues related to the payment of salaries to its employees, as well as employees of liquidated banking institutions. The issue of employees of evacuated bank branches located in Irkutsk at the time of nationalization is considered separately. The publication highlights the current shortage of money supply in the region, which resulted in delays in the salaries of employees in the banking sector and, as a result, the deterioration of their financial situation in the period under review. Keywords: nationalization, banking sphere of Irkutsk province, Liquidation and Technical Board, evacuation of bank branches, employees of private banks in Irkutsk
Normative Legal Acts of the Far Eastern Republic (1920–1922) Regulating the Rules of Hunting and Fishing Activities of the Population
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Denis N. Bespal’ko
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the history of the development of regulatory legal acts of hunting and hunting legislation of the Far Eastern Republic. The basic provisions and statutes issued by the Ministries of Agriculture and National Economy are considered: “Regulations on the production of hunting”, “Brief temporary charter for the organization of commercial hunting and fish artels and societies” and “Draft temporary charter for the organization of folk hunting and fishing societies of correct hunting”. Historical-genetic, historical-comparative, concrete-historical and formal-legal methods of scientific cognition are applied. With their help, the problems of determining the fishing and non-commercial areas, the use of permitted and prohibited hunting methods, the duration of the fishing season and the reasons for the introduction of certain restrictions are analyzed. Further, the author examines the development of the pre-revolutionary practice of sampling a state ticket allowing the right to hunt, regulation of the activities of cooperative communities of hunters and an experimental system of punishment, which provided not only administrative but also criminal liability for violation of hunting rules and poaching. A significant part of the innovations was perceived by the citizens of the republic as an encroachment on personal rights, since, by tradition, all commercial resources in Siberia and the East were mined without any serious restrictions and control from the state until 1917. The previous state of affairs during the period under review remained exclusively for those groups of the population that were entirely dependent on hunting and fishing products. All other social categories of the Far Eastern Republic were required to comply with the new rules,register and pay tax for the right to use the state-fishing regalia. The effectiveness of the measures introduced left much to be desired, since the control bodies did not have a real opportunity to effectively suppress violations of the fishing legislation. Keywords: Far Eastern Republic, charter, draft, hunting license, hunting ticket, poaching, punishment
Marri, Mallee, Mulga: Pflanzenvielfalt Westaustraliens
Authors: Lauerer Marianne , Nicolle Dean , French Malcolm , Börner Annett , Aas Gregor , Schulze Ernst-Detlef
Published: December 2020

Westaustralien ist einer der „Hot Spots“ der Biodiversität der Erde. Es beherbergt über 10 000 Pflanzenarten, darunter viele endemische. Von besonderer Bedeutung für diese Region sind Eukalypten, zu denen neben der bekannten Gattung Eucalyptus auch Corymbia gehört, die erst in jüngerer Zeit als eigene Gattung von Eucalyptus abgetrennt wurde. Dargestellt werden verschiedene von Eukalypten dominierte Vegetationstypen Westaustraliens, ferner die küstennahen Banksia-Heidegebüsche im Südwesten, Acacia-Buschländer und die halbimmergrünen Trockenwälder und Savannen der Kimberleys.
Auswirkungen der globalen Klimaerwärmung auf Wachstum und Winterhärte von Bäumen in Nordwest-Russland
Authors: Firsov Gennady , Fadeyeva Inna V.
Published: December 2020

Die Klimaerwärmung wird in St. Petersburg (Nordwest-Russland) seit Sommer 1988 deutlich. Dadurch lassen sich nun im Freien viel mehr wärmeliebende Bäume südlicher Breiten als früher kultivieren.
Scheinorchideen (Roscoea)
Authors: Haberl Heinz
Published: December 2020

Roscoea-Arten (Zingiberaceae) begeistern durch ihre orchideenähnlichen Blüten. Es werden Kulturtipps und Hinweise zu ihrer Vermehrung gegeben und die einzelnen Arten kurz beschrieben.
Baumkronenwelten Teil 1: Epiphytische Farne im Alten Botanischen Garten der Universität Göttingen
Authors: Schwerdtfeger Michael
Published: December 2020

Im alten Botanischen Garten der Universität Göttingen werden traditionell tropische (epiphytische) Farne kultiviert. Seit der Renovierung des historischen Farnhauses vor über 10 Jahren wurde die Farnsammlung erweitert und neu präsentiert. Einige markante Arten und ihre Kulturbedingungen werden vorgestellt.
Passionsblumen
Authors: Dörken Veit Martin , Jagel Armin
Published: December 2020

Einige Passionsblumen sind beliebte kletternde Zierpflanzen. Passiflora incarnata ist zudem Arzneipflanze des Jahres 2011. Auffällig sind ihre bizarren Blüten, die die Passion Christi symbolisieren sollen. Biologie, Morphologie, Symbolik und Verwendung der Passionsblumen werden nachfolgend vorgestellt.
Beinbrech oder Moorlilie (Narthecium ossifragum)
Authors: Baumann Kurt
Published: December 2020

Beinbrech (Narthecium ossifragum, Nartheciaceae) ist Blume des Jahres 2011. Namensherkunft, Biologie und Ökologie werden erläutert. Es gibt verschiedene Angaben zur Giftigkeit des Beinbreches. Möglicherweise ist er für Schafe toxisch.
Zum Titelbild: Pflanzenschätze aus Chile im Palmengarten – die Gattung Ochagavia
Authors: Zizka Georg
Published: December 2020

[ohne Zusammenfassung]
Geschichte der verschiedenen Rosengärten im Frankfurter Palmengarten
Authors: Taudte-Repp Beate
Published: December 2020

Die Präsentation von Rosen hat im 1868 begründeten Palmengarten eine lange Tradition. Schon die reichen Pflanzensammlungen aus den Biebricher Wintergärten des Herzogs Adolph von Nassau, die seinerzeit den Grundstock für die neue Frankfurter Gartenschöpfung bildeten, enthielten 2000 Rosenstöcke. Nach einer provisorischen Rosenanlage von 1881 wurde das erste veritable Rosarium 1886 angelegt. Weitere Anlagen und Standorte folgten. 1986 erhielt der Rosengarten seinen heutigen Platz gegenüber dem Eingangsschauhaus an der Siesmayerstraße. 2007 wurde die Anlage umfassend saniert und neu bepflanzt. Der folgende Artikel ist die Langfassung eines Beitrages, den die Autorin in einem Sammelband über Rosengärten in Frankfurt und Rhein-Main (Kübler 2011) veröffentlicht hat.
Farngarten von Santiago de Cuba
Authors: Palacios-Rios Mónica , Caluff Manuel G. , Shelton Gustavo
Published: December 2020

Der Farngarten von Santiago de Cuba beherbergt die mit 300 Arten größte Farnsammlung der Antillen, die in fünf verschiedenen, speziell ihren ökologischen Standortansprüchen gerechten Bereichen kultiviert werden. Außer der behutsamen Anzucht und Pflege von bedrohten und endemischen Arten widmet er sich der botanischen Forschung und Lehre.
Blasses oder Bleiches Knabenkraut (Orchis pallens)
Authors: Baumann Kurt
Published: December 2020

Das Blasse Knabenkraut (Orchis pallens) ist Orchidee des Jahres 2012. Biologie, Ökologie und Verbreitung werden vorgestellt. Außerdem werden ähnliche blassgelbe Orchideen erwähnt.
Bast von Maulbeerbaumgewächsen für tragfähige Kunstwerke – von der wiederentdeckten Kultur der Rindenkleidung
Authors: Zahorka Herwig
Published: December 2020

Bei Modenschauen in Jakarta (Indonesien) haben bekannte Designer auch farbenfrohe Entwürfe von Rindenkleidung ausgestellt. Sie stellen moderne ethnische Kunstwerke dar, sind hautfreundlich und erregen Aufsehen.
Heide-Nelke (Dianthus deltoides) und Kartäuser-Nelke (Dianthus carthusianorum) – zwei ungleiche Schwestern
Authors: Baumann Kurt
Published: December 2020

Die Heide-Nelke (Dianthus deltoides) ist die Blume des Jahres 2012. Ihre Biologie, Ökologie, Verbreitung und Verwendung als Zierpflanze werden zusammengefasst. Ergänzend wird die ähnliche Kartäuser-Nelke vorgestellt.
Pflanzen der High Society: Strelitzia reginae, eine Staude zu Ehren einer Königin von England
Authors: Schubert Peter , Steinecke Hilke
Published: December 2020

Die Paradiesvogel- oder Kranichblume (Strelitzia reginae, Strelitziaceae) wurde zu Ehren von Charlotte von Mecklenburg-Strelitz benannt. Botanik und Kultur der Pflanze werden kurz vorgestellt. Zudem wird Charlottes Leben und ihre Liebe zur Botanik hervorgehoben. Eine besondere Sorte der Strelitzie mit zitronengelben Blüten ist 'Mandela‘s Gold'. Sie wurde 1996 von der Südafrikanischen Botschaft dem Palmengarten geschenkt und war damals erstmals in einem deutschen botanischen Garten zu sehen.
Rafflesia-Kultur im Botanischen Garten Bogor geglückt
Authors: Zahorka Herwig
Published: December 2020

Rafflesiaceae sind parasitische Pflanzen, deren Kultur extrem schwierig ist. Im Botanischen Garten Bogor wird Rafflesia patma erfolgreich kultiviert. Im November 2012 öffneten sich hier zwei große weibliche Blüten. Für eine Bestäubung fehlte der Pollen einer männlichen Blüte.
100 Jahre Euphorbia handiensis, Teil I: Entdeckung und Verbreitung auf der Kanareninsel Fuerteventura
Authors: Grasmück Hans , Scholz Stephan
Published: December 2020

Anlässlich seines 100-jährigen Entdeckungsjubiläums wird ein Lokalendemit der Kanareninsel Fuerteventura, das Wolfsmilchgewächs Euphorbia handiensis, vorgestellt. Seine Wuchsareale, die sich ausschließlich auf die Halbinsel Jandia beschränken, werden beschrieben sowie Angaben zur Vergesellschaftung der Art gegeben.
Abruzzen – im Land des südlichsten Gletschers Europas
Authors: Steinecke Hilke , Schubert Peter
Published: December 2020

Die Abruzzen sind eine Region im Herzen der Apenninenhalbinsel mit überwiegend Hochgebirgscharakter. Es gibt dort drei Nationalparks, von denen vor allem der Gran Sasso beschrieben wird. Die Landschaft dort mit der Hochebene Campo Imperatore und dem höchsten Berg Corno Grande sowie die Pflanzen- und Tierwelt werden vorgestellt.
Zedern-Borstling –ein außergewöhnlicher Frühjahrspilz im Palmengarten
Authors: Steinecke Hilke
Published: December 2020

Auch im Frühjahr erscheinen Fruchtkörper von Pilzen. Im Palmengarten gedeiht Geopora sumneriana. Ältere Fruchtkörper reißen am Rand ein und wirken sternförmig. Der Pilz ist auf Zedern angewiesen. Die Biologie des Schlauchpilzes wird kurz vorgestellt.
Der Oasis Park auf Fuerteventura, ein Vergnügungspark mit botanischem Garten
Authors: Scholz Stephan , Grasmück Hans
Published: December 2020

Oasis Park Fuerteventura is a big amusement park with a zoological and a botanical garden.The latter is described here. In this garden, plants of the Canary Islands are cultivated, including rare endemic species. Plants of different ecosystems like succulent scrub and thermophilous forest are displayed.The garden also hosts many other plants, including tropical tree and shrub species and many different palms, as well as a large succulent plant assemblage with cacti, succulent plants from Madagascar, aloes, yuccas and agaves.
Stiel-Eichen und Knopperngallwespe
Authors: Kehl Alexandra , König Andreas
Published: December 2020

Knoppern entwickeln sich auf den Eicheln von Stiel-Eichen (Quercus robur). Sie werden durch Gallwespen (Andricus quercuscalicis) verursacht. Diese kleine Gallwespe hat einen komplizierten Lebenszyklus, der die Anwesenheit von zwei Eichenarten erfordert, nämlich der Stiel- und der Zerr-Eiche (Quercus robur, Q. cerris). Das Insekt bildet abwechselnd eine geschlechtliche und eine ungeschlechtliche, parthenogenetische Generation. Lebenszyklus der Gallwespe und die Verwendung von Knoppern werden vorgestellt.
tropische Ameise Plagiolepis alluaudi im Ökologisch-botanischen Garten Bayreuth: Probleme und Kontrolle
Authors: Pohl Andreas , Donner-Heise Hella , Kastner Roland , Völkl Wolfgang , Lauerer Marianne
Published: December 2020

Seit einigen Jahren breiten sich in den Warmhäusern des Ökologisch-Botanischen Gartens Bayreuth (ÖBG) die Langschwänzige Wolllaus (Pseudococcus longispinus) und eine kleine tropische Ameise (Plagiolepis alluaudi) stark aus. Die Ameise lebt in einer Nahrungs-Symbiose (Trophobiose) mit verschiedenen Honigtau absondernden Pflanzensaftsaugern, bevorzugt mit der Zitrus-Wolllaus (Planococcus citri) und lässt sich mit kommerziell verfügbaren Ameisenködern erfolgreich bekämpfen. Die Studie kommt zum Ergebnis, dass eine Kontrolle dieser Ameise in den Gewächshäusern den Schädlingsbefall reduzieren und den Erfolg des Einsatzes von Nützlingen verbessern sollte, möglicherweise sogar bei der sonst schwer bekämpfbaren Langschwänzigen Wolllaus.
Der Blattlose Widerbart (Epipogium aphyllum), Orchidee des Jahres 2014
Authors: Baumann Kurt
Published: December 2020

Der Blattlose Widerbart (Epipgogium aphyllum) ist eine myko-heterotrophe Orchidee ohne Chlorophyll. Die seltene Art wurde 2014 zur Orchidee des Jahres gekürt. Ihre Biologie, Ökologie und Morphologie werden herausgestellt.
Vielfalt der Frühlingsgeophyten in Kasachstan
Authors: Ster Thomas
Published: December 2020

Kasachstan ist vor allem wegen der vielen Frühlingsgeophyten ein botanisch interessantes Reiseziel in den Frühjahrsmonaten März und April. Der Südosten, ausgehend von Almaty, bietet nahezu alle Klima- und Vegetationszonen des Landes von den Vorbergen des Alatau über Steppen und ausgedehnte Fels- und Sandwüsten.
Begonia socotrana, die Weihnachts-Begonie
Authors: Höggemeier Annette , Dörken Veit Martin
Published: December 2020

Die Weihnachts-Begonie (Begonia socotrana) ist eine bislang relativ unbekannte winterblühende Art, die auch nur selten als Wildart in Kultur zu finden ist. Sie ist jedoch ein wichtiger Kreuzungspartner zur Züchtung einiger der bekanntesten Hybridbegonien-Gruppen.
Wie das Moosglöckchen zu seinem Namen kam - Geschichten und Gedanken zum 300. Geburtstag von Carl von Linné. Teil 1
Authors: Steinecke Karin
Published: December 2020

Im Jahr 2007 feiern nicht nur Botaniker den 300. Geburtstag des berühmten schwedischen Naturforschers Carl von Linné. Im folgenden Beitrag werden Leben und Werk Linnés vorgestellt. Ergänzend wird berichtet, wie das Moosglöckchen zu seinem wissenschaftlichen Namen Linnaea borealis gekommen ist.
Fleischfarbene Fingerwurz (Dactylorhiza incarnata), Orchidee des Jahres 2015
Authors: Baumann Kurt
Published: December 2020

Die Fleischfarbene Fingerwurz (Dactylorhiza incarnata) ist Orchidee des Jahres 2015. Ihre Morphologie, Biologie, Verbreitung, Gefährdung und Variabilität werden vorgestellt.
Botanisch lohnende Wanderwege auf Gran Canaria
Authors: Santana Rivero Cecilia , Medina Brito María del Pino
Published: December 2020

Dieser Beitrag liefert Vorschläge für kurze botanisch interessante Wanderwege auf Gran Canaria. Die Naturschönheiten der Insel sind eine touristische Attraktion. Gleichzeitig soll auch auf die Vielfalt der Pflanzen hingewiesen werden. Auf den vorgeschlagenen Touren können Wanderer die typische Vegetation Gran Canarias und eine Vielzahl an verschiedenen, teils endemischen Pflanzenarten erkunden.
Rank und schlank: Schlangengurke
Authors: Markwirth Jennifer
Published: December 2020

Die Schlangenhaargurke (Trichosanthes cucumerina) ist ein rankendes Kürbisgewächs aus Indien. Biologie, Morphologie und Verwendung der Früchte werden vorgestellt. Die Art ist auch im Tropicarium zu sehen. Es werden kurze Hinweise zur Kultur gegeben.
Ungeduldigen: Fleißige Lieschen, Balsaminen und Springkräuter (Impatiens, Balsaminaceae)
Authors: Abrahamczyk Stefan , Reinken Bernd , Neumann Michael , Lobin Wolfram
Published: December 2020

Springkräuter (Impatiens) zeichnen sich durch eine große Vielfalt an Blütenformen, -farben und -mustern aus. Dies macht sie zunehmend attraktiv für Pflanzenfreunde. Daher ist seit einiger Zeit in Spezialgärtnereien auch eine wachsende Anzahl an Springkraut-Arten zu finden. Über die Kultivierung und Vermehrung dieser zum Teil sehr anspruchsvollen Arten gibt es bisher noch recht wenig Literatur. Da wir in den Botanischen Gärten Bonn seit Jahren eine der weltweit größten Springkrautsammlungen beherbergen (derzeit ca. 180 Arten), möchten wir in diesem Artikel auf die Kultur, Überwinterung, Vermehrung sowie Schädlinge dieser Arten näher eingehen und hoffen, damit noch mehr Menschen für die Kultur dieser wunderschönen Pflanzengruppe begeistern zu können.
Amorphophallus gigas blüht erstmals im Palmengarten
Authors: Steinecke Hilke
Published: December 2020

Amorphophallus gigas gehört zu den besonders großen Vertretern der Gattung Amorphophallus. Von A. titanum unterscheidet sich die Art vor allem durch den lang gestielten Blütenstand. Im Palmengarten kam im März 2016 A. gigas erstmals zur Blüte.
Entstehung von Savannen – Gräser und Huftiere im Wettstreit
Authors: Zizka Georg , Hahn Karen
Published: December 2020

Eine gut entwickelte Grasschicht ist ein typisches Merkmal von Savannen. Viele Gräser der Savanne sind sogenannte C4-Pflanzen. Der Einfluss von Tieren, Menschen oder Feuer hat die „Architektur“ der Savanne über viele Millionen Jahre hinweg geprägt. Pflanzenfresser sowie Gräser der Savanne sind klassische Beispiele für Coevolution. Die gegenseitige Anpassung zeigt sich z.B. in der Einlagerung von Kieselsäure in die Blätter (als Fraßschutz) und Ausprägung von hochkronigen Zähnen bei den Tieren (gegen zu schnelle Abnutzung).
Garten Sitio Litre in Puerto de la Cruz auf Teneriffa
Authors: Steinecke Hilke , Dörken Veit Martin
Published: December 2020

Der über 200 Jahre alte Garten Sitio Litre befindet sich in Puerto de la Cruz/Teneriffa in unmittelbarer Nähe des berühmten Akklimatisierungsgartens von Orotava. Der Besuch beider Gärten während eines Tagesausfluges ist empfehlenswert. Im Garten Sitio Litre steht der größte Drachenbaum von Puerto de la Cruz, außerdem umfasst er die größte Orchideensammlung Teneriffas. Die Geschichte des Gartens und einige seiner markanten Pflanzen werden kurz vorgestellt.
Tattoos aus dem Regenwald: Die magische Indianertinte aus Genipa americana
Authors: Schwerdtfeger Michael
Published: December 2020

Genipa americana, u.a. auch als Jagua bezeichnet, ist ein Rötegewächs, dessen Fruchtsaft Haut temporär schwarz färbt. Dementsprechend lassen sich mit Jagua-Saft kurzlebige, in dieser Zeit aber nicht entfernbare Zeichnungen, die echten gestochenen Tattoos sehr ähnlich sehen, auf die Haut aufbringen. Biologie und Verwendungsmöglichkeiten von Jagua werden vorgestellt. Außerdem wird ein Überblick über kulturelle, psychologische und soziologische Aspekte von Tattoos gegeben.
Botanische Garten der Villa Thuret
Authors: Fafri Peter
Published: December 2020

Mitten auf der Halbinsel mit demCap d’Antibes, zwischen Antibes und Juan-les-Pins an der Cote d’Azur, liegt der Botanische Garten der VillaThuret. Der Botaniker Gustave Thuret hat mit seinem Aufbau 1857 begonnen. Im Laufe der Jahre ist er zu einem Zentrum geworden, in welchem man Pflanzen kultiviert, die heute Parks und Gärten Südfrankreichs schmücken. Heute enthält die Sammlung 2500 Sträucher und Bäume aus 1600 exotischen Arten. Besonders sehenswert sind die sehr alten und seltenen Palmen und Eukalypten.
Ostasiatische Papiermaulbeerbäume (Broussonetia-Arten)
Authors: Kirschner Roland
Published: December 2020

Anhand der drei in Taiwan vorkommenden Papiermaulbeerbaum-Arten (Broussonetia spp., Moraceae) werden Morphologie, Systematik und Ökologie kurz vorgestellt. Unter den vielfältigen Nutzungsmöglichkeiten sind die wichtigsten die Herstellung von Tapas (Prototextilien) und Papier sowie die Verwendung in der chinesischen Medizin. Davon ist die Tradition der Herstellung von Tapas die älteste, die heute außerhalb Ostasiens fortgesetzt wird. In der chinesischen Medizin werden vor allem die Früchte eingesetzt.
Japanische Gärten in Kyoto
Authors: Janka Heidrun , Hamacher Andreas
Published: December 2020

Die Stadt Kyoto war über 1000 Jahre lang Sitz des kaiserlichen Hofes von Japan und entwickelte sich dadurch frühzeitig zum bedeutendsten Kulturzentrum des Landes. Neben der Architektur, Malerei, Kalligraphie und Bildhauerei hat die Gartenkunst in Kyoto eine besondere schöpferische Vielfalt erfahren. In der mehr als tausendjährigen Gartengeschichte Japans haben sich unterschiedliche Gartenstile entwickelt, die Ausdruck bestimmter zeitlicher Epochen sind. Einen starken Einfluss auf die Gartenkunst in Japan hatten verschiedene Ausprägungen des Buddhismus, insbesondere der Zen-Buddhismus. In Kyoto können im Umkreis von Tempeln, Klöstern und Schreinen eine große Vielfalt verschiedener japanischer Gärten besichtigt werden, darunter Teich-, Wandel-, Stein-, Tee- und Hofgärten.
Ruth Schneebeli-Graf: Die Linde. Ihre Geschichte und Geschichten. Ein botanisch-kulturhistorischer Essay
Authors: Steinecke Hilke
Published: December 2020

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Erntedank-Ausstellung 2008
Authors: Hofmann Nicole
Published: December 2020

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Christrose – Helleborus niger
Authors: Höggemeier Annette , Jagel Armin
Published: December 2020

[ohne Zusammenfassung]
Wie das Moosglöckchen zu seinem Namen kam: Geschichten und Gedanken zum 300. Geburtstag von Carl von Linné -Teil 2
Authors: Steinecke Karin
Published: December 2020

Im Jahr 2007 wird der 300. Geburtstag von Carl von Linné gefeiert. Der Beitrag beschreibt sein wissenschaftliches Werk sowie sein Erbe. Zudem wird erläutert, wie das Moosglöckchen den Namen Linnaea borealis bekam.
Geißblatt-Arten auf Sachalin, Russland
Authors: Sheiko Victor V. , Firsov Gennady
Published: December 2020

Auf der Insel Sachalin gibt es sechs heimische Geißblatt-Arten: Lonicera caerulea, L. tolmatchevii, L. glehnii, L. maximowiczii subsp. sachalinensis, L. chamissoi und L. chrysantha. Diese werden hier vorgestellt. Da sie sehr attraktiv und meist auch robust sind, eignen sie sich als Zierpflanzen auch für Gärten in Mitteleuropa.