bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An object-based approach for tree species extraction from digital orthophoto maps
Authors: Jamil Akhtar , Bayram Bulent
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Tree segmentation is an active and ongoing research area in the field of photogrammetry and remote sensing. It is more challenging due to both intra-class and inter-class similarities among various tree species. In this study, we exploited various statistical features for extraction of hazelnut trees from 1 : 5000 scaled digital orthophoto maps. Initially, the non-vegetation areas were eliminated using traditional normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) followed by application of mean shift segmentation for transforming the pixels into meaningful homogeneous objects. In order to eliminate false positives, morphological opening and closing was employed on candidate objects. A number of heuristics were also derived to eliminate unwanted effects such as shadow and bounding box aspect ratios, before passing them into the classification stage. Finally, a knowledge based decision tree was constructed to distinguish the hazelnut trees from rest of objects which include manmade objects and other type of vegetation. We evaluated the proposed methodology on 10 sample orthophoto maps obtained from Giresun province in Turkey. The manually digitized hazelnut tree boundaries were taken as reference data for accuracy assessment. Both manually digitized and segmented tree borders were converted into binary images and the differences were calculated. According to the obtained results, the proposed methodology obtained an overall accuracy of more than 85 % for all sample images.
Spectral features based tea garden extraction from digital orthophoto maps
Authors: Jamil Akhtar , Bayram Bulent , Kucuk Turgay , Seker Dursun Zafer
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The advancements in the photogrammetry and remote sensing technologies has made it possible to extract useful tangible information from data which plays a pivotal role in various application such as management and monitoring of forests and agricultural lands etc. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of spectral signatures for extraction of tea gardens from 1 : 5000 scaled digital orthophoto maps obtained from Rize city in Turkey. First, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was derived from the input images to suppress the non-vegetation areas. NDVI values less than zero were discarded and the output images was normalized in the range 0–255. Individual pixels were then mapped into meaningful objects using global region growing technique. The resulting image was filtered and smoothed to reduce the impact of noise. Furthermore, geometrical constraints were applied to remove small objects (less than 500 pixels) followed by morphological opening operator to enhance the results. These objects served as building blocks for further image analysis. Finally, for the classification stage, a range of spectral values were empirically calculated for each band and applied on candidate objects to extract tea gardens. For accuracy assessment, we employed an area based similarity metric by overlapping obtained tea garden boundaries with the manually digitized tea garden boundaries created by experts of photogrammetry. The overall accuracy of the proposed method scored 89 % for tea gardens from 10 sample orthophoto maps. We concluded that exploiting the spectral signatures using object based analysis is an effective technique for extraction of dominant tree species from digital orthophoto maps.
Significant locations in auxiliary data as seeds for typical use cases of point clustering
Authors: Kröger Johannes
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Random greedy clustering and grid-based clustering are highly susceptible by their initial parameters. When used for point data clustering in maps they often change the apparent distribution of the underlying data. We propose a process that uses precomputed weighted seed points for the initialization of clusters, for example from local maxima in population density data. Exemplary results from the clustering of a dataset of petrol stations are presented.
Accessible maps for the color vision deficient observers: past and present knowledge and future possibilities
Authors: Kvitle Anne Kristin
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Color is part of the visual variables in map, serving an aesthetic part and as a guide of attention. Impaired color vision affects the ability to distinguish colors, which makes the task of decoding the map colors difficult. Map reading is reported as a challenging task for these observers, especially when the size of stimuli is small. The aim of this study is to review existing methods for map design for color vision deficient users. A systematic review of research literature and case studies of map design for CVD observers has been conducted in order to give an overview of current knowledge and future research challenges. In addition, relevant research on simulations of CVD and color image enhancement for these observers from other fields of industry is included. The study identified two main approaches: pre-processing by using accessible colors and post-processing by using enhancement methods. Some of the methods may be applied for maps, but requires tailoring of test images according to map types.
Extracting the Essential Cartographic Functionality of Programs on the Web
Authors: Ledermann Florian
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Following Aristotle, F. P. Brooks (1987) emphasizes the distinction between “essential difficulties” and “accidental difficulties” as a key challenge in software engineering. From the point of view of cartography, it would be desirable to identify the cartographic essence of a program, and subject it to additional scrutiny, while its accidental proper-ties, again from the point of view of cartography, are usually of lesser relevance to cartographic analysis. In this paper, two methods that facilitate extracting the cartographic essence of programs are presented: close reading of their source code, and the automated analysis of their runtime behavior. The advantages and shortcomings of both methods are discussed, followed by an outlook to future developments and potential applications.
Mapa mondi (Catalan Atlas of 1375), Majorcan cartographic school, and 14th century Asia
Authors: Lišèák Vladimír
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This paper deals with the Mapa mondi drawn and written in about 1375. It is my starting study about this important map of the medieval period in the Catalan language and the finest work to come from the Majorcan cartographic school of the fourteenth century. The aim of this paper is to give a general overview of the publication with some details on descriptions of the portion of Asia, and in more details as regards China. This map is known also as the Catalan Atlas, because it is composed of several tables sketching out the world known at that time, from the Atlantic Coast of Europe to the Pacific Coast of East Asia. The main sources for the eastern parts of the world were travelogues of Marco Polo, John Mandeville, and Odoric of Pordenone. The presumable author of the Catalan Atlas, Cresques Abra-ham (1325–1387), a Jewish cartographer from Palma, was “master of mappæ mundi and compasses” to Peter IV (III), the King of Aragon. He worked on the atlas with his son Jehudà, who after the Aragonese persecutions of 1391, converted to Christianity. The atlas contained the latest information on Africa, Asia, and China and was considered to be the most complete picture of geographical knowledge as it stood in the later Middle Ages. The translations of original texts and interpretations, based on facsimiles of original source and on secondary sources until 2016, will be a part of this paper.
Navigating Without Road Maps: The Early Business of Automobile Route Guide Publishing in the United States
Authors: Bauer John T.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In the United States, automobile route guides were important precursors to the road maps that Americans are familiar with today. Listing turn-by-turn directions between cities, they helped drivers navigate unmarked, local roads. This paper examines the early business of route guide publishing through the Official Automobile Blue Book series of guides. It focuses specifically on the expansion, contraction, and eventual decline of the Blue Book publishing empire and also the work of professional “pathfinders” that formed the company’s data-gathering infrastructure. Be- ginning in 1901 with only one volume, the series steadily grew until 1920, when thirteen volumes were required to record thousands of routes throughout the country. Bankruptcy and corporate restructuring in 1921 forced the publishers to condense the guide into a four-volume set in 1922. Competition from emerging sheet maps, along with the nationwide standardization of highway numbers, pushed a switch to an atlas format in 1926. Blue Books, however, could not remain competitive and disappeared after 1937. “Pathfinders” were employed by the publishers and equipped with reliable automobiles. Soon they developed a shorthand notation system for recording field notes and efficiently incorporating them into the development workflow. Although pathfinders did not call themselves cartographers, they were geographical data field collectors and considered their work to be an “art and a science,” much the same as modern-day cartographers. The paper concludes with some comments about the place of route guides in the history of American commercial cartography and draws some parallels between “pathfinders” and the digital road mappers of today.
Mapping Norway – a Method to Register and Survey the Status of Accessibility
Authors: Michaelis Sven , Bögelsack Kathrin
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The Norwegian mapping authority has developed a standard method for mapping accessibility mostly for people with limited or no walking abilities in urban and recreational areas. We choose an object-orientated approach where points, lines and polygons represents objects in the environment. All data are stored in a geospatial database, so they can be presented as web map and analyzed using GIS software. By the end of 2016 more than 160 municipalities are mapped using that method. The aim of this project is to establish a national standard for mapping and to provide a geodatabase that shows the status of accessibility throughout Norway. The data provide a useful tool for national statistics, local planning authorities and private users. First results show that accessibility is low and Norway still faces many challenges to meet the government’s goals for Universal Design.
Visualizing Uncertainty of Point Phenomena by Redesigned Error Ellipses
Authors: Murphy Christian E.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Visualizing uncertainty remains one of the great challenges in modern cartography. There is no overarching strategy to display the nature of uncertainty, as an effective and efficient visualization depends, besides on the spatial data feature type, heavily on the type of uncertainty. This work presents a design strategy to visualize uncertainty con-nected to point features. The error ellipse, well-known from mathematical statistics, is adapted to display the uncer-tainty of point information originating from spatial generalization. Modified designs of the error ellipse show the po-tential of quantitative and qualitative symbolization and simultaneous point based uncertainty symbolization. The user can intuitively depict the centers of gravity, the major orientation of the point arrays as well as estimate the ex-tents and possible spatial distributions of multiple point phenomena. The error ellipse represents uncertainty in an intuitive way, particularly suitable for laymen. Furthermore it is shown how applicable an adapted design of the er-ror ellipse is to display the uncertainty of point features originating from incomplete data. The suitability of the error ellipse to display the uncertainty of point information is demonstrated within two showcases: (1) the analysis of formations of association football players, and (2) uncertain positioning of events on maps for the media.
Experiments to Distribute Map Generalization Processes
Authors: Berli Justin , Touya Guillaume , Lokhat Imran , Regnauld Nicolas
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Automatic map generalization requires the use of computationally intensive processes often unable to deal with large datasets. Distributing the generalization process is the only way to make them scalable and usable in practice. But map generalization is a highly contextual process, and the surroundings of a generalized map feature needs to be known to generalize the feature, which is a problem as distribution might partition the dataset and parallelize the processing of each part. This paper proposes experiments to evaluate the past propositions to distribute map generalization, and to identify the main remaining issues. The past propositions to distribute map generalization are first discussed, and then the experiment hypotheses and apparatus are described. The experiments confirmed that regular partitioning was the quickest strategy, but also the less effective in taking context into account. The geographical partitioning, though less effective for now, is quite promising regarding the quality of the results as it better integrates the geographical context.
Planetary Cartography – Activities and Current Challenges
Authors: Nass Andrea , Di Kaichang , Elgner Stephan , van Gasselt Stephan , Hare Trent , Hargitai Henrik , Karachevtseva Irina , Kereszturi Akos , Kersten Elke , Kokhanov Alexander , Manaud Nicolas , Roatsch Thomas , Rossi Angelo Pio , Skinner, Jr. James , Wählisch Marita
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Maps are one of the most important tools for communicating geospatial information between producers and receivers. Geospatial data, tools, contributions in geospatial sciences, and the communication of information and transmission of knowledge are matter of ongoing cartographic research. This applies to all topics and objects located on Earth or on any other body in our Solar System. In planetary science, cartography and mapping have a history dating back to the roots of telescopic space exploration and are now facing new technological and organizational challenges with the rise of new missions, new global initiatives, organizations and opening research markets. The focus of this contribution is to introduce the community to the field of planetary cartography and its historic foundation, to highlight some of the organizations involved and to emphasize challenges that Planetary Cartography has to face today and in the near future.
Automatic map generalisation from research to production
Authors: Nyberg Rose , Johansson Mikael , Zhang Yang
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The manual work of map generalisation is known to be a complex and time consuming task. With the development of technology and societies, the demands for more flexible map products with higher quality are growing. The Swedish mapping, cadastral and land registration authority Lantmäteriet has manual production lines for databases in five different scales, 1 : 10 000 (SE10), 1 : 50 000 (SE50), 1 : 100 000 (SE100), 1 : 250 000 (SE250) and 1 : 1 million (SE1M). To streamline this work, Lantmäteriet started a project to automatically generalise geographic information. Planned timespan for the project is 2015–2022. Below the project background together with the methods for the automatic generalisation are described. The paper is completed with a description of results and conclusions.
Conic projections of the triaxial ellipsoid: the projections for regional mapping of celestial bodies
Authors: Nyrtsov Maxim V. , Fleis Maria E. , Borisov Michael M. , Stooke Philip J.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Different distortion classes of the azimuthal and cylindrical projections of the triaxial ellipsoid have been considered in our previous works. These projections make it possible to construct maps of the celestial bodies in planetary scale. However, for regions in the middle latitudes it is advisable to use a conic projection which was not developed until now. In this investigation we describe the development of three conic projections of a triaxial ellipsoid: a conic projection with true scale along meridians, an equal-area conic projection and a quasi-conformal conic projection. In derivation of the projections we use an elliptical cone tangent to a triaxial ellipsoid. The projections are calculated and maps in these projections are created for the first time.
Mapping Landslides Susceptibility in a Traditional Northern Nigerian City
Authors: Oluwafemi Olawale A. , Yakubu Tahir A. , Muhammad Mahmud U. , Shitta Nyofo , Akinwumiju Akinola S.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. As a result of dearth of relevant information about Landslides Susceptibility in Nigeria, the monitoring and assessment appears intractable. Hence, the study developed a Remote Sensing approach to mapping landslides susceptibility, landuse and landcover analysis in Jos South LGA, Plateau State, Nigeria. Field Observation, SPOT 5 2009 and 2012, ASTER DEM 2009, Geological Map 2006, Topographical Map 1966 were used to map Landslide Susceptibility and Landuse /Lancover Analysis in the study area. Geospatial Analytical Operations employed using ArcGIS 10.3 and Erdas Imagine 2014 include Spatial Modeling, Vectorization, Pre-lineament Extraction, Image Processing among others. Result showed that 72.38 % of the study area is underlain by granitic rocks. The landuse/cover types delineated for the study area include floodplain (29.27 %), farmland (23.96 %), sparsely vegetated land (15.43 %), built up area (13.65 %), vegetated outcrop (8.48 %), light vegetation (5.37 %), thick vegetation (2.39 %), water body (0.58 %), plantation (0.50 %) and mining pond (0.37 %). Landslide Susceptibility Analysis also revealed that 87 % of the study area is relatively at low to very low risk of landslide event. While only 13 % of the study area is at high to very high risk of landslide event. The study revealed that the susceptibility of landslide event is very low in the study area. However, possible landslide event in the hot spots could be pronounced and could destabilize the natural and man-made environmental systems of the study area.
Mapping Air Population
Authors: Peterson Michael P. , Hunt Paul , Weiß Konrad
Published: May 2018

Abstract. “Air population” refers to the total number of people flying above the earth at any point in time. The total number of passengers can then be estimated by multiplying the number of seats for each aircraft by the current seat occupancy rate. Using this method, the estimated air population is determined by state for the airspace over the United States. In the interactive, real-time mapping system, maps are provided to show total air population, the density of air population (air population / area of state), and the ratio of air population to ground population.
Automatically Generated Vegetation Density Maps with LiDAR Survey for Orienteering Purpose
Authors: Petrovič Dušan
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The focus of our research was to automatically generate the most adequate vegetation density maps for orienteering purpose. Application Karttapullatuin was used for automated generation of vegetation density maps, which requires LiDAR data to process an automatically generated map. A part of the orienteering map in the area of Kazlje-Tomaj was used to compare the graphical display of vegetation density. With different settings of parameters in the Karttapullautin application we changed the way how vegetation density of automatically generated map was presented, and tried to match it as much as possible with the orienteering map of Kazlje-Tomaj. Comparing more created maps of vegetation density the most suitable parameter settings to automatically generate maps on other areas were proposed, too.
Visualization on the Web of 20 Years of Crop Rotation and Wildlife Co-Evolutions
Authors: Plumejeaud-Perreau Christine , Poitevin Cyril , Bretagnolle Vincent
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The accumulation of evidences of the effects of intensive agricultural practices against wildlife fauna and flora, and biodiversity in general, has been largely published in scientific papers (Tildman, 1999). However, data serving as sup-port to their conclusions are often kept hidden behind research institutions. This paper presents a data visualization sys-tem opened on the Web allowing citizens to get a comprehensive access to data issued from such kind of research institution, collected for more than 20 years. The Web Information System has been thought in order to ease the comparison of data issues from various databases describing the same object, the agricultural landscape, at different scales and through different observation devices. An interactive visualization is proposed in order to check co-evolution of fauna and flora together with agricultural practices. It mixes aerial orthoimagery produced since 1950 with vectorial data showing the evolutions of agricultural parcels with those of a few sentinel species such as the Montagu's harrier. This is made through a composition of maps, charts and time lines, and specific tools for comparison. A particular concern is given to the observation effort bias in order to show meaningful statistical aggregates.
Evaluation of Performance of Tourism Industry Companies listed in Istanbul Stock Exchange (BIST) by TOPSIS Methodology
Authors: Yılmaz Erdal , Aslan Tunay
Published: May 2018

To evaluate the operations of the companies in the past years and to make forecasts about the future, it is important to evaluate and analyze their financial performance. In this study, the financial performances of tourism enterprises operating in Istanbul Stock Exchange for 2013-2016 are compared with TOPSIS method. As a result of the research, it is determined that the best performances are observed in 2014, 2015 and 2016 for MALT and in 2013 for METUR.
Cooperativas, capital social y emprendimiento: Una perspectiva teórica
Authors: Bretos Ignacio , Díaz-Foncea Millán , Marcuello Chaime , Marcuello Carmen
Published: May 2018

Este artículo analiza, desde una perspectiva teórica, la relación entre capital social y cooperativas atendiendo a un doble enfoque. Por un lado, se aborda la capacidad de las cooperativas para crear capital social y extenderlo en sus entornos locales. En este sentido, se identifican diversas características organizativas de las cooperativas que pueden promover la generación interna de capital social, así como algunos mecanismos clave que intermedian en la difusión del capital social a nivel comunitario. Por otro lado, se aborda la influencia del capital social regional en el emprendimiento cooperativo. En este ámbito, se analiza cómo diversos factores relacionados con el capital social pueden promover la creación de cooperativas en una determinada región. Así mismo, a partir de una extensa revisión de la literatura sobre capital social, emprendimiento y organizaciones cooperativas, se propone una agenda para la investigación futura en la que se destacan algunas limitaciones fundamentales de la literatura previa y se plantean propuestas para avanzar en nuestra comprensión sobre la relación bidireccional entre capital social y cooperativas. El artículo discute también las implicaciones prácticas de los resultados obtenidos y sus consecuencias para importantes líneas de debate en la literatura académica actual.
Strategies for the Development of Smart Cities: The Case of Kalampaka-Greece
Authors: Stamopoulos Christos , Theodoropoulou Eleni
Published: May 2018

The present paper investigates the characteristics and best construction strategies of smart cities around the world, as well as the determining factors of the satisfaction of the quality of life and the importance of the value of environmental sustainability. A case study of the city of Kalampaka and its residents was examined. The survey was conducted between July 2016 and August 2016. The selection of the sample was done by using the method of simple selection and includes a random sample of N=150 individuals. Statistical analysis showed that resident’s knowledge about smart cities was fairly good (48% of sample knew the phrase “smart cities”). Furthermore, they believe that the appearance of the city of Kalampaka needs improvement (75% of sample is disappointed with the current appearance of the city). Regression analysis showed that the value of environmental sustainability is greatly influenced by the energy saving, as well as, innovation has an impact on the level of quality of life. Older people seem to be satisfied with administration’s efforts.
The Effects of Feeding Reduced-Lignin Alfalfa on Growing Beef Cattle Performance: a Preliminary Study
Authors: Meccage Emily C.G.
Published: May 2018

Gene suppression techniques down-regulating specific lignin biosynthesis pathway enzymes have permitted the development of an alfalfa variety with an altered lignin content and composition known as HarvXtra. This study was designed to compare the difference in forage nutrient quality between reduced-lignin alfalfa hay (variety HX-4114) and conventional alfalfa hay (variety WL336HQRR), and to evaluate Angus heifer performance when fed treatments of HX-4114 and WL336HQRR. Twenty-four Angus heifers (8 months of age; initial BW = 270 ± 21 kg) were selected to participate in an 84-day alfalfa hay feeding trial. Their performance was evaluated based on changes in body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F). Additionally, in situ dry matter disappearance was tested using four ruminally cannulated Hereford cows. Hay samples were collected and used to determine forage nutrient quality, leaf count, and leaf-to-stem ratio. Significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. There were no differences (P ³ 0.05) in forage nutrient quality between alfalfa treatments. Means did not differ by treatment for leaf count (P = 0.06), but leaf-to-stem ratio was higher (P = 0.04) for HX-4114 than WL336HQRR (1.67 vs. 1.17, respectively). There were no treatment or treatment by day interactions for BW, ADG, DMI, G:F, or in situ dry matter disappearance. Additionally, animal performance did not differ for growing Angus heifers consuming HX-4114 and WL336HQRR alfalfa hay. More research is warranted to determine the value of utilizing different genotypes of reduced-lignin alfalfa and their impact on the U.S beef industry.
Contribution of Paddy Production to Household Income in Farmer-Managed Irrigation Scheme Communities in Iringa Rural and Kilombero Districts, Tanzania
Authors: Mosha Devotha B. , Vedeld Paul , Katani Josiah Z. , Kajembe George. C. , Tarimo Andrew K.P.R.
Published: May 2018

Irrigation reduces risks involved in agriculture and enables farming throughout the year. Improved irrigation systems enhance access to irrigation water. However, most smallholder farmers continue to use traditional irrigation schemes as if the difference in water use and crop yields between the two is insignificant. It seems essential to assess the paddy crop yield difference and its contribution to household incomes between traditional and semi-improved Farmer-Managed Irrigation Schemes (FMISs) in Iringa Rural and Kilombero districts in Tanzania. A cross-sectional research design was used in this study involving 48 key informants and 172 randomly selected households. Household survey using a structured questionnaire was the major method for data collection. Data from focus group discussions and key informants supplemented the information collected using household survey. The data were analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS). Results indicate that yield of paddy was higher in semi-improved schemes (2.5-3.6 tons/ha) compared to traditional irrigation schemes (2.2-2.9 tons/ha). This was attributed to the presence of improved water intake structures and existence of main canals, which facilitated an improved water supply to the irrigation fields. In spite of the poor and incomplete irrigation infrastructure, the paddy production contributed very significantly (73-80%) to the total annual household income of smallholder irrigators and somewhat more in the improved system than the traditional system. Other income sources are quite marginal in the study areas. The study recommends that the government should invest in irrigation infrastructure development to increase irrigation water use efficiency and increase agricultural values added.
Framing the concept of TWAIL: “Third World Approaches to International Law” | Enquadrando o conceito de TWAIL: “Abordagens do Terceiro Mundo ao Direito Internacional”
Authors: Ramina Larissa
Published: May 2018

Framing the concept of TWAIL: “Third World Approaches to International Law”

Abstract: The authors who identify themselves as “twailers” advocate for the importance of the thoughts related to the concept of “Third World Approaches to International Law”, known as TWAIL. This paper first explains the importance of understanding the concept of TWAIL - “Third World Approaches to Internacional Law”. Afterwards, it frames the concept of TWAIL according to some of its main scholars,
considering that one of its features is its extreme diversity. The challenge to this attempt of definition is to find unity within its broad diversity.

Keywords: Colonialism. International law. Third world. Third World Approaches to International Law. TWAIL.

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Enquadrando o conceito de TWAIL: “Abordagens do Terceiro Mundo ao Direito Internacional”

Resumo: Os autores que se identificam como “Twailers” defendem a importância dos pensamentos relacionados ao conceito de “Abordagens do Terceiro Mundo ao Direito Internacional”, conhecido
como TWAIL. Este artigo busca primeiro explicar a importância de entender o conceito de TWAIL - “Abordagens do Terceiro Mundo ao Direito Internacional”. Posteriormente, visa enquadrar o conceito de TWAIL de acordo com alguns de seus principais estudiosos,
considerando que uma de suas características é sua extrema diversidade. O desafio para essa tentativa de definição é encontrar unidade dentro de sua ampla diversidade.

Palavras-chave: Abordagens do Terceiro Mundo ao Direito
Internacional. Colonialismo. Direito Internacional. Terceiro Mundo. TWAIL.
Práticas associativas em prol da sustentabilidade em Caçador, Santa Catarina, Brasil | Associative practices for sustainability in the city of Caçador, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Hulse Levi , Pasold Cesar Luiz
Published: May 2018

Práticas associativas em prol da sustentabilidade em Caçador, Santa Catarina, Brasil

Resumo: Este artigo é resultado de uma investigação sobre as atividades da sociedade civil em prol da Sustentabilidade, na sua tríplice dimensão, no Município de Caçador, Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. O Associativismo é, aqui, representado pelas Fundações Privadas, Associações e Cooperativas. Este artigo efetua descrição objetiva e análise da atividade destas entidades em prol da sustentabilidade ambiental, econômica e social no referido município.

Palavras-chave: Associações. Cooperativas. Fundações Privadas. Sustentabilidade. Brasil.
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Associative practices for sustainability in the city of Caçador, Santa Catarina, Brazil

Abstract: This article is the result of an investigation into the activities of civil society for sustainability, in its threefold dimension, in the Municipality of Caçador, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Associativism is represented here by the private foundations, associations and cooperatives. This article provides an objective description and analysis of the activity of these entities in favor of environmental, economic and social Sustainability in said municipality.

Keywords: Associations. Cooperatives. Private Foundations. Sustainability. Brazil.
El estado del arte / estado de la técnica y la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica
Authors: Urbina Alberto , Morel Mario
Published: May 2018

El Estado del Arte/Estado de la técnica, hace referencia al estado último del conocimiento sobre la investigación y el desarrollo (I+D), es decir que es el límite de conocimiento generado sobre un tema o problema de investigación científica y/o tecnológica, estableciendo hasta donde ha avanzado el mismo, cual es la frontera en un tiempo y espacio determinado.En el inicio del proceso de construcción y/o descubrimiento de conocimientos científicos mediante la investigación, sin duda alguna, los profesores se preguntan ¿El estado del arte/técnica, es una de esas ocurrencias de la gestión de la investigación (Gestores), para complicar el trabajo de los investigadores en la formulación de sus protocolos de I+D? ¿Es el afán de hacer más burocrático el acceso al financiamiento, especialmente si este, tiene como fuente el presupuesto universitario? De igual manera, los investigadores con escasa experiencia en investigación tienen la percepción que el estado del arte/técnica es lo mismo que Marco Teórico y como tal lo tratan. En aras de contribuir a un mejor discernimiento e internalización y la adecuada utilización de estos elementos fundamentales de todo proyecto de investigación científica y/o tecnológica hemos preparado una síntesis sobre el tema.
El estado del arte / estado de la técnica y la investigación científica y tecnológica
Authors: Morel Mario , Buitrago Lesbia
Published: May 2018

El dialogo abierto es una sección de entrevistas para expertos. El tema es: el estado del arte o la técnica de proyectos de investigación científica. La entrevista consulta a un representante del Departamento de Proyectos de Investigación Científica y un representante del Departamento de Propiedad Intelectual para preguntar sobre los requisitos que deben cumplir los solicitantes de becas de investigación de la Dirección de Investigación Científica y Estudios de Posgrado.
Use of Crowdfunding for Developing Social Enterprises: An Islamic Approach
Authors: Hoque Nazamul , Hasmat Ali Mohammad , Arefeen Sirajul , Masrurul Mowla Md. , Mamun Abdullahil
Published: May 2018

Crowd-funding is an open call to mass people through the internet for fund in the form of financial donation, lending, or in any other forms such as in exchange for a future product, service, or reward. The concept is relatively new but growing at a very high rate around the world. Companies are using it mostly for efficiency ground. This study is based on the argument that conventional crowd-funding models cannot be applicable exactly in the Islamic societies due to philosophical ground. In this paper, we have discussed crowd-funding models from Islamic perspectives for funding projects of social enterprise/social business in the Muslim societies with a view to ensure social equity and justice by removing many social problems like unemployment and poverty.
Impact of Liquidity Rules on Shareholders’ Returns in Jordan Islamic Bank
Authors: Ibrahim Nazal Abdullah , Al-Fasfus Fuad
Published: May 2018

This paper aims to explore the impact of liquidity increases by local and international roles on shareholders’ returns in the Jordan Islamic Bank as case study. The study methodology based on financial tables annual reports of the bank from (2009-2016) in order to analysis asset liquidity risk standard and its affection on managing balance sheet, and analysis returns for common shareholders in the Bank also discuss the result of shares return reducing. The real impact is deferent because the market price of the Jordan Islamic Bank shares is not affected negatively by the rule. Its price in the market is more than the share value by the ratio (all equities/ all shares). The percentage between the market price and ratio was equal to 202% in 2014 and reduced to 155% in 2016. By discussion, the ratio there is a gap of equities impact as a result of applying depreciation on fixed assets yearly, regardless of its growth by market price. Fair result is to increase equities based on fixed assets market price increasing. This paper contributed to the knowledge by different ways, it helps leaders and managers to find the real impact of managing liquidity risk in the Islamic Bank by the Central Bank and Basel Committee.
Social Media Content: A Management Framework
Authors: Confetto Maria Giovanna , Siano Alfonso
Published: May 2018

This paper aims to introduce a model for social media content management that is focused on both the strategic and operational levels to guide companies in setting, formulating and spreading social media marketing content and monitoring the achieved results. The framework has been realized considering different cognitive goals related to the organizational unit responsible of the development of the content marketing processes, corporate content identity, decision making elements for digital content creation, the diffusion of content through social media platforms, and the tools and parameters used to measure and evaluate performance. The model presented here is an attempt to fill in the existing gap in the recent literature regarding digital content marketing and social media content management. The framework introduces some consequential steps of a well-defined process that is composed of decisions and activities that must be carefully planned, thus preventing (from an operational level) the recurrent use of specific management tools. By adopting an integrated vision, is it possible to keep the business strategy’s objectives and all the operative tasks conducted by the content marketing team aligned.
“L2 Motivational Self System” and Learning German in Iran
Authors: Haghani Nader , Maleki Mostafa
Published: May 2018

Examining the reasons for the increasing number of Iranians learning German and creating of a first theoretical basis for that is the subject of this paper. In this regard, 370 Iranian learners of German from the German Language Institute in Tehran were questioned and their motivations were studied mainly based on the theory of “L2 Motivational Self System” (L2MSS). Investigating this research related to the psychological concept of “possible selves” and comparing it with the results of research conducted in the learning of English indicates that the motivation for learning German has a significant relationship with the components of the L2MSS, namely, L2 Ideal Self, L2 Ought-to Self, and L2 Learning Experiences. The achievement of this research can be effective in adopting foreign language policies in formal and informal educational areas in Iranian learning context.
Students’ Opinions about Their Ninth Grade Biology Textbook: From the Perspective of Constructivist Learning Approach
Authors: Cimer Atilla , Coskun Sibel
Published: May 2018

The study aimed to determine students’ opinions about their ninth grade biology textbook that had been created in accordance with the constructivist learning approach. On the basis of a detailed literature review of studies on textbooks; questionnaires used for assessment of textbooks; and constructivist learning approach, a questionnaire was created and administered to 751 students from 9 schools located in the city of Trabzon. The questionnaire was classified into the following sections: contents, learning-teaching activities, assessment and evaluation activities, and physical design. The Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient was 0.94, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0. Multiple findings pertaining to each section were obtained. Overall, it was found that the students were satisfied with their ninth grade biology textbook. While the existence of various visuals was being appreciated by most of the students, some aspects of the textbooks should be developed in order better to support constructivist learning in classrooms. The study also revealed that the questionnaire developed might be used to evaluate textbooks in terms of their appropriateness to constructivist learning theory. The findings of the study are expected to contribute to improving design for future textbooks.
Developing Languages to Face Challenges of Globalization and Clash of Civilizations: Arabic Language as an Example
Authors: Alfataftah Ghassan I. , Jarrar Amani G.
Published: May 2018

This study aimed at questioning the ability of Arabic language to assimilate the different cultures facing the cultural challenges due to globalization and clash of civilizations. The study examined the ability of Arabic language to cope with global developments and cultural changes. The researchers adopted the historical, inductive and deductive methodologies. The study concluded that Arabic language curricula should be directed towards focusing on communication functions in order to promote Arabic language to be capable of dealing with contemporary and practical cultural and developmental problems.
Influence of the Rewards and Recognition Scheme on Higher Vocational Education Curriculum Reform in China
Authors: Chen Hao , Tyler Mark , Bagnall Richard G.
Published: May 2018

This paper reviews the impact of the rewards and recognition scheme on curriculum reform in higher vocational education (HVE) in China. In this scheme, teachers and students can win rewards and obtain recognition through curriculum competitions and student skill competitions conducted by the government. It has been used to encourage and to support colleges and teachers to implement HVE curriculum reform. The qualitative research project into HVE curriculum reform reported here identified both the facilitative and inhibitory effects of the scheme on curriculum reform. Discipline heads’ perspectives of these influences were investigated through in-depth interviews. The scheme was seen as motivating just a slight majority of discipline heads to implement curriculum reform and as providing financial support in doing so. The discipline heads, though, also indicated that they were discouraged by the scheme’s misleading guidelines, its inappropriate evaluations of their efforts and its contribution to funding inequalities.
Co-Teaching in the Academy-Class Program: From Theory to Practical Experience
Authors: Nissim Yonit , Neifeald Edni
Published: May 2018

This study focuses on implementing co-teaching models in the practical experience of teacher training processes. It examines the experience models in terms of theory versus practice from the perspectives of students of education and training teachers (school and pre-school) who participated in the special “Academy-Class” program in the 2017 academic year at Ohalo College. 125 subjects participated in the study. The overriding goal of the research was to identify the dominant patterns in this unique practical experience in teachers training. The research questions sought to clarify the extent to which the six main co-teaching models described in the research literature are manifested in practical and educational terms in the Academy-Class program; offer a comparison between common teaching practices and the co-teaching models; and assess how common Synergetic Collaboration is as a co-teaching method relative to other low-level methods.Our findings show that the co-teaching models were more dominant than the traditional teaching models among all the sample groups. The greatest difference was found in the reports of the training teachers (0.79) at the school, while the smallest difference was found among students training to become teachers (0.13). We have seen that experiencing a clinical model of co-teaching involves shared work between a training teacher and of a student of education. There is a need to change training processes, as well as expanding the theoretical approaches that describe the wide range of shared co-teaching.
Designing the Tax Treatment of Litigation-Related Costs
Authors: Pandya Sachin S. , Utz Stephen
Published: May 2018

Defendants often deduct for income tax purposes their litigation-related costs, such as attorney fees and payments to settle claims or satisfy judgments. The result is often a large gap between the sticker price of settlements or judgments and their after-tax cost—what defendants really pay out of pocket. The problem: For every dollar that a defendant avoids in tax liability by, for example, deducting the damage awards it pays, the civil justice system falls that much short of its corrective-justice or optimal-deterrence goals in that case. For this reason, the entire civil justice system should care about this question: How should income tax law treat litigation-related costs? This Article identifies the critical tax-design choices that must be faced but that prior commentary has largely ignored: How to attribute litigation-related costs to an income-producing activity; whether to treat liability insurer payments made on a defendant’s behalf as income to that defendant; whether to coordinate the tax treatment of a payor’s damages payments with the tax treatment of those receipts to the payee; and whether litigation-related costs should be treated as capital expenditures. Then, the Article offers a new default rule for settlement agreements: Unless a settlement agreement expressly indicates otherwise, a settling defendant promises not to seek an allowable tax deduction for litigation-related costs. In so doing, this Article reveals the issues that lawyers, judges, and scholars must no longer ignore when they argue over how an income tax system could or should treat litigation-related costs.
Da distribuição de frequências de terremotos globais registrados na base USGS entre 2003 e 2017
Authors: Totaro João Henrique Rettore
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo compila os resultados obtidos na primeira fase de projeto que investiga as correlações entre diversos parâmetros descritivos de eventos sísmicos seguindo uma linha teórico-metodológica relativamente recente na sismologia, a qual implica o tratamento estatístico de massas de dados para a identificação de padrões espaciais e temporais de distribuição de terremotos. Desenvolvem-se, ao longo do trabalho, argumentos que indicam tanto a existência de faixas cuja sismicidade é mais variável quanto uma mudança na sismicidade global ocorrida no período de amostragem.
ADEQUAÇOES CURRICULARES: EIS-ME AQUI, NASCI, LOGO EXISTO!
Authors: Dalonso Arilza Landeiro Guimarães
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir o papel das adequações curriculares na vida escolar dos alunos que sofrem alguma disfunção que os impede de seguir com o currículo formal. Para tal, nos baseamos na análise das repostas dadas por professores aos questionários que elaboramos, centrado nos educadores do ensino Fundamental que lecionavam em escolas regulares para os alunos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Dessa forma, foi possível perceber a importância da boa formação docente, para que as adaptações curriculares possam auxiliar na construção de uma escola realmente inclusiva e democrática.
O DESAFIO DA ACESSIBILIDADE DA INFORMAÇÃO NA WEB PARA OS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL E EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Ferraz Caroline De Oliveira
Published: May 2018

O presente projeto abordará a problemática da falta acessibilidade da informação voltada para a educação de alunos dos primeiros anos do ensino fundamental e do ensino pré-escolar, além da pouca utilização de ferramentas da Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação, da Internet no ensino de educandos nesta fase escolar. Abordando temas que envolvem a acessibilidade de forma geral e a acessibilidade para a educação, como acessibilidade física de pessoas e não apenas educandos a edificações de estabelecimentos de ensino e a acessibilidade a informação analógica de educandos com limitações intelectuais fazem parte da política de Educação Inclusiva adotada por governos e gestores de educação nos últimos anos. Como conclusão, serão demonstradas algumas das possíveis estratégias que poderão tornar a informação disponibilizada na Internet acessíveis ao público alvo do estudo, alunos do ensino básico. Também serão apontadas opções que incentivem a utilização da Internet e de ferramentas da Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação para o ensino básico, bem como o desenvolvimento de instrumentos que possibilitem o acesso a informação.