bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Comments Concerning the Preparation of and Fatigue Testing of the Aircraft’s Cable-Control System
Authors: Brzęczek Józef
Published: April 2024

The currently accepted rules that are applied to the aircraft cable-control systems’ operational use are based on the reactive maintenance idea and the comparative tests, inspections, and diagnostics performed at the mandatory intervals. Fatigue tests of the aviation cables are commonly conducted by bending in the range of ± 90° with constant load. Aircraft cable-control systems are subject to a number of random loads and deformations. Additionally, forces and their values are modified by the wear and tear of cable-pulley raceways, elastic deformations, and changes caused by temperature. The actual values of tension of aviation cable-control systems are relatively low, and bending usually does not exceed the maximum of ± 35°. Moreover, the forces characteristic of the control cables are nonlinear functions of the control surface deflection. This means that the typical fatigue tests we employ help with only comparative estimations and acceptance tests. It is not possible to estimate the operational durability of the systems and forecast inspections and diagnoses intervals based on the mentioned results. The present article utilizes the operational profiles of selected aircraft categories to determine the stochastic load-related deflection spectra for the preparation of cable fatigue-testing programs. Operation profiles are built considering a group of aircraft belonging to the same category, performing similar missions, for example, training missions, photogrammetric missions, aircraft towing, e.q., and having a similar share in the total resource. The special stands for the selected cable fatigue tests have been proposed. The cable test stand ensures the real stochastic loads for the cable use and other actual conditions of load. The proposed stand enables the simultaneous testing of more than one cable at different deformation parameters, for example, wrap angles. The results of the proposed method and tests can be used to estimate the operational durability of aviation-control systems as well as for inspection and diagnosis intervals as well.
French Phenomenology of Art and Metaphysics
Authors: Bobant Charles
Published: April 2024

This article examines the relationship between French phenomenology of art and metaphysics. More specifically, it highlights four points. Firstly, French phenomenological aesthetics is characterized by a certain ignorance of the renewal of artistic questioning initiated by Anglo-Saxon aesthetics. Secondly, French phenomenology of art is a metaphysics of art, which considers that works of art contain an ontological (cosmophanic or theophanic) revelation. Thirdly, French phenomenology of art is part of the “theological turn of French phenomenology”. Authors tend towards theology or “cosmotheology”. Fourthly, French phenomenology of art, which is a metaphysics of the sensible, possesses the theoretical means to think philosophically about conceptual art.
La phénoménologie française ou résistances de la métaphysique
Authors: Riquier Camille
Published: April 2024

Starting again from Descartes' philosophy, our intention in this article is not to leave phenomenology, but to return to it in order to shed new light on how it encounters metaphysics and revives it. It is a question of inscribing French phenomenology in another history of metaphysics, one that is underground and unofficial and which lives, in truth, from that very thing that completes the other or which the other completes. Initially, we will focus on Jean-Luc Marion's reading of Descartes from the paradigm offered by Heidegger. Secondly, we would like to replay the confrontation between Descartes and Pascal. Only in the third stage, then, will we be able to return to how metaphysics, most often assumed as such from its Cartesian configuration, has worked under the surface of the phenomenology its French representatives received from Husserl and Heidegger. Levinas can often serve as an exemplary figure.
First report of a case of negative-pressure pulmonary edema during pregnancy
Authors: Rahimirad Mohammad Hossein , Naghipour Bahman , Rahimirad Shaghayegh , Ghaffary Mohammad Reza
Published: April 2024

Negative-pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) or postobstructive pulmonary edema (POPE) is a rare but life-threatening complication in the perioperative and critical care settings. In this study, we present the first case of NPPE in a pregnant woman.

Case presentation

A 39-year-old 31-week pregnant woman underwent transurethral lithotripsy. She had respiratory distress about 10 minutes after extubation. Chest imaging confirmed pulmonary edema. The patient was managed in the intensive care unit (ICU) with intravenous furosemide supplemental oxygen. Evaluations showed no heart failure, but laboratory tests confirmed the presence of primary hyperparathyroidism. She was discharged on 5th day without complication.

Conclusion

In this study, we reported the first case of NPPE in a pregnant woman. NPPE should be considered in differential diagnosis of respiratory distress during pregnancy.
Combination with reserved prognosis: TB- rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Roșu Simona , Tiba Diana-Sabina , Ichim Alexandru , Bălteanu Mara
Published: April 2024

As shown in a Spanish study, patients with rheumatoid arthritis (PAR) have a 4-fold increased risk of developing TB (tuberculosis) compared to the general population. Abruptly stopping anti-TNF (tumor necrosis factor α) agents after the development of TB could cause a paradoxical response leading to severe complications and death. We present the case of a 54 years old female patient with seropositive PAR since 2012 in treatment with biological therapy, which was diagnosed 10 years after the start of immunosuppressive treatment with miliary TB. She has had an unfavorable prognosis, dying after one month from the initiation of antituberculosis treatment due to septic shock. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the bacillary status before initiating any immunosuppressive treatment.
Proton Pump Inhibitors: Promising Role in the Prophylaxis and Symptom Control of Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Khan Iqbal Akhtar
Published: April 2024

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), the third leading cause of death worldwide and the fifth-ranked cause of chronic disability is usually associated with significant concomitant chronic diseases, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) being the commonest. Exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) are episodes of worsening of symptoms, the frequency of which increases with the severity of COPD. AECOPD is triggered mainly by respiratory infections, bacterial or viral or both. Human rhinoviruses (HRV) are the top viral pathogen in triggering AECOPD, and experimental infection has provided significant new evidence in establishing a causal relationship between virus infections and AECOPD.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI), the most potent acid suppressants, are commonly prescribed for isolated GERD or GERD complicating COPD. There has been a breakthrough in Pulmonary Medicine in that PPI, in addition to their well proven role in acid suppression, has emerged as a promising interventional tool in the prophylaxis and symptom control of AECOPD. This efficacy is not limited to patients with COPD complicated by GERD, since PPI also independently and significantly reduced the risk of developing frequent AECOPD in those with COPD alone, delaying disease progression and improving clinical outcomes.

Although the studies conducted so far regarding effectiveness of PPI had promising results, current evidence is insufficient to determine to what extent their long-term use is safe. Large scale multi-center studies are warranted to assess their long-term safety profile and clinical outcomes.

The objective of this study is to identify a possible role of PPI in prophylaxis and symptom control of AECOPD.
Quality of Life in Type 1 Diabetes Children with Other Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Luganceva Anastasija , Rozentāle Laura , Rumba-Rozenfelde Ingrīda
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the quality of life and glycaemic control in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and associated autoimmune diseases with T1D only, using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Generic Core Scale. The study examined differences in health-related quality of life assessments and glycaemic control between children with T1D and associated autoimmune diseases and T1D only. In total, 94 children, aged 2 to 17 years, and their parents participated in the study. The results of the study showed a statistically significantly lower total score of general well-being for children with T1D and associated autoimmune disease (p = 0.016). Children with T1D and associated autoimmune disease reported a lower physical function score (p = 0.034) and lower emotional function score (p = 0.038). Social and school function scores did not differ in those with and without T1D associated autoimmune disease. There were no statistically significant differences in haemoglobin A1c between children with T1D and autoimmune disease and T1D only.
Anterior palatoplasty as a treatment for mild and moderate obstructive sleep apnea: our experience
Authors: Tanase Ionut , Tarabichi Shirley
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by frequent episodes of breathing cessation during sleep, resulting in low oxygen and high carbon dioxide levels, leading to daytime sleepnes, cognitive issues, and increased cardiovascular risk. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the anterior palatoplasty (AP) procedure in the treatment of patients with mild and moderate obstructive sleep apnea.

MATERIAL AND METHODS. Sixteen patients diagnosed with mild and moderate OSA underwent AP in our clinic between 2021-2023. All patients were > 18 years old, body mass index < 30, with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) from 10 to 40 and disfunction of the velopharyngeal or of the retropalatal space. Patients underwent a one-night polysomnography examination prior to the surgical procedure, as well as six months after the procedure. Additionally, patients were asked to complete the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) both prior to and six months following the surgery. The procedure was done under general anaesthesia and involved AP surgery with or without reducing of the uvula.

RESULTS. The average of total AHI values decreased from 28.89 per hour prior to surgery to 11.14 per hour six months after surgery. The oxygen desaturation index decreased after surgery with 2.57%. ESS scores of patients also decreased from 10.40 to 7.80 and all patients felt less tired.

CONCLUSION. We believe that AP is an effective technique in the treatment of mild and moderate OSA caused by a disfunction of the velopharyngeal or retropalatal space. Additionally, we consider that AP is linked with a lower incidence of post-surgical complications compared to other surgical options.
Technological considerations regarding the use of CAD-CAM systems in the metal substructure design of some metal-ceramic prosthetic restoration
Authors: Malita Madalina Adriana , Sorega Eugenia-Andreea , Perieanu Viorel Stefan , Burlibasa Andrei , Stetiu Maria Antonia , Caministeanu Florentina , Popescu Mircea , Burlibasa Mihai , Dimitriu Bogdan Alexandru
Published: April 2024

In this material, two clinical cases are described, regarding the use of CAD-CAM technology for producing the wax pattern of the metal substructure for a fixed prosthetic restoration. In fact, in these cases, it is about making a digital design and milling from a block of wax the patterns of future fixed metal-ceramic prosthetic restorations.
Characterising Context-Independent Quantifiers and Inferences
Authors: Krajewski Stanisław
Published: April 2024

Context is essential in virtually all human activities. Yet some logical notions seem to be context-free. For example, the nature of the universal quantifier, the very meaning of “all”, seems to be independent of the context. At the same time, there are many quantifier expressions, and some are context-independent, while others are not. Similarly, purely logical consequence seems to be context-independent. Yet often we encounter strong inferences, good enough for practical purposes, but not valid. The two types of examples suggest a general problem: how to characterise the context-free logical concepts in their natural environment, that is, in the field of their context-dependent associates. A general Thesis on Quantifiers is formulated: among all quantifiers, the context-free ones are just those definable by the universal quantifier. The issue of inferences is treated following the approach introduced by Richard L. Epstein: valid ones are an extreme case, the result of the disappearance of context-dependence. This idea can be applied to an analysis of a form of abduction, called “reductive inference” in Polish literature on logic. A tentative Thesis on Inferences identifies the validity of a strong inference that is context-independent.
The Nature of the Anti-Psychologistic Turn in Kazimierz Twardowski’s Philosophy
Authors: Nowicki Krzysztof
Published: April 2024

In this paper, I analyze the shift in Twardowski’s views between his early psychologistic theory of logic and his later anti-psychologistic theory. In particular, I point out that the interpretation suggesting that this change merely involves Twardowski enriching his ontology with products encounters a certain problem in light of his earlier views. To present this problem more precisely, I discuss the foundations of Twardowski’s theory of products, focusing on aspects relevant to the issue of psychologism. Based on this, I reconstruct Twardowski’s theory of logic and highlight where he identified the fallacy of psychologism. I contrast this reconstructed theory with Twardowski’s earlier views at key points and demonstrate that the difference between his early psychologistic theory and his later anti-psychologistic theory is a matter of a shift in emphasis rather than a significant change in the theoretical system itself, and that Twardowski himself understood it as such.
IMPACT OF EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: 1981-2019 (ARDL MODEL)
Authors: BOLARINWA Taiwo-Agosu , ANOCHIRIONYE Elssy-Chidinma
Published: April 2024

This research investigates the relationship between exchange rates and economic growth in Nigeria during the period from 1981 to 2019. The research conducted an analysis of Nigerian data using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique and identified that Exchange Rates have a favourable impact on Economic Growth. This paper affirmed the regression's validity with stationary residuals and found no long-term equilibrium using Bound Cointegration. The ARDL modelling revealed short-term connections between exchange rates and economic growth. Positive correlations were observed between exchange rates, GDP per capita growth, interest rates, and total exports, while negative relationships were noted with inflation and total imports, highlighting the importance of exchange rate stability in sustaining economic growth. This research provides a novel viewpoint on the connection between exchange rates and economic growth in Nigeria during the period from 1981 to 2019. It uncovers that more than 98% of the fluctuations in exchange rates can be accounted for by the included variables. The noteworthy discovery of the absence of a long-term equilibrium relationship within the specified time frame sets this study apart. Furthermore, it underscores the crucial role of exchange rate stability in promoting enduring economic growth, emphasising the necessity for well-designed policies that consider the intricate economic landscape.
Evaluation of Consumer Attitudes Regarding Local Brand Milk and Dairy Products: Case of Süleymanpaşa Districts of Tekirdağ-Türkiye
Authors: Hurma Harun , Can Emir
Published: April 2024

Since the concept of brand has a wide and diverse range, it is divided into different groups from different perspectives. Local brands are products that are produced, manufactured, and sold by a company in a specific city or that are distributed in a constrained area. This study’s primary goal is to assess how local brands selling milk and dairy products in a particular region are perceived by local consumers. It also seeks to analyze the standing of local producers in this sector and consumer attitudes toward regionally branded goods by highlighting the significance of milk and dairy products in terms of human health. The study makes use of survey information from 381 households in Süleymanpaşa Districts of Tekirdağ-Türkiye. The data were analyzed using fundamental statistical techniques, factor analysis, and logistic regression analysis. In the survey, it was found that 85.0% of participants were familiar with the idea of local brand, while just 15.0% were not. Consumers who said they buy local brand milk and dairy products made up 78% of the sample. Consumers found local products to be more natural and tastier than national brands. According to the factor analysis, the judgements influencing customers’ preference for local brand milk and dairy products were classified into five factors. These factors are named as naturalness and quality, price and promotion, health, food safety, brand and image. Logistic regression analysis was used to explain the association between purchasing local brand milk and dairy products and factor scores, as well as knowing the notion of local brand. Those who favor “Naturalness and Quality” in purchased milk and dairy products are nearly three times more likely than those who do not to purchase local brand milk and dairy goods. With a probability of 68.4%, those who do not understand the notion of local brand will not purchase local branded products.
Comparative Analysis of 1,9-Dimethyl-Methylene Blue and Toluidine Blue Interactions with ct-DNA, G-Quadruplex DNA, and ssDNA
Authors: Bağda Efkan , Duman Didem
Published: April 2024

This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the interactions of two distinct synthetic dyes—1,9-Dimethyl-Methylene Blue and Toluidine Blue —with different DNA structures, namely calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA), G-quadruplex DNA, and single stranded DNA (ssDNA). The objective of this research is to elucidate the molecular affinities of these dyes for specific DNA structures and explore their potential applications in molecular biology and diagnostics. The experimental approach involved detailed UV-visible spectroscopic analyses, to probe the binding affinities of each dye with ct-DNA, G-quadruplex DNA, and ssDNA. The study aimed to assess the selectivity of these dyes towards the unique structural features of each DNA entity. The binding stoichiometry is defined from Job’s method. The selectivity of the dyes towards DNA also investigated with competitive dialysis experiments. The binding stoichiometry were 1:1 for 1,9-Dimethyl-Methylene Blue and Toluidine Blue and G-quadruplex DNA or ssDNA. Besides, results indicate that 1,9-Dimethyl-Methylene Blue and Toluidine Blue exhibit a pronounced affinity for G-quadruplex DNA, and ct-DNA. While single-stranded DNA is a fundamental component of DNA replication and transcription, our dyes exhibit lower affinity for this structure. The selectivity is advantageous, as it allows for the discrimination between single-stranded and structured DNA regions. The potential applications in studying DNA dynamics and unwinding processes are vast.
The Effects of Different GA3 and Mycorrhiza Dosages on Mini Tuber Production in Potatoes
Authors: Dinçel Burak , Yılmaz Güngör
Published: April 2024

This study was conducted in 2017 under greenhouse conditions using selected four different potato clones to determine the effects of different doses of GA3 and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on mini tuber production. The research, carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications, applied GA3 doses of 0, 5, 10, and 15 ppm, and mycorrhizal inoculat doses of 0, 500, 1250, and 2000 mg/100 tubers. Parameters including emergence time, plant height, main stem number, tuber number, average tuber weight, tuber size distribution (>45 mm, 28-45 mm, <28 mm), and maturity period were examined. The effect of GA3 application on all investigated parameters except the number of main stems was significant, statistically. The highest mini tuber number (9.1 tubers) and mini tuber yield (408.4 g/pot) were obtained from the application of 15 ppm GA3, while the highest average mini tuber weight (46.74 g) was obtained from the control group. In mycorrhizal applications, the highest tuber number was obtained at a dose of 500 mg/100 tubers, and the highest mini tuber weight and yield were obtained at a dose of 1250 mg/100 tubers. As a result of the study, it was determined that the application of 15 ppm GA3 is suitable due to its positive effect on mini tuber multiplication, and the mycorrhizal application at a dose of 500 mg/100 tubers is appropriate due to its positive effect on increase of tuber number.
Prediction of Live Weight and Carcass Characteristics from Linear Body Measurements of Yearling Male Local Sheep
Authors: Simone Shambel Kiros , Yeheyis Likawent
Published: April 2024

Measurements of the body structure in sheep are worthy of judging the quantitative features of meat and useful in developing appropriate selection requirements. The current study was aimed to predict live weight and hot carcass weight from linear body measurements of yearling male local sheep. 84 days feeding period fortnightly taken data on 24 local sheep for body weight, body length, heart girth, wither height, sub-sternal height, tail length, tail width, scrotal circumference, and scrotal length were analyzed to study the relationship between linear body measurements and body weight. At the end of the trial all sheep were slaughtered to measure the relationship between body measurements, and hot carcass weight. Microsoft Excel 2010 was used for data analysis. The relationships between the various body measurements were calculated using pearson's correlation coefficient. The backward stepwise multiple regression procedure was used for the determination of the most suitable model for the prediction of the live weight and hot carcass weight. Hot carcass weight was highly correlated (P<0.01) with body weight and scrotal circumference. Besides, it was significantly (P<0.05) correlated with tail width. Body weight was significantly (P<0.05) correlated with all body measurements except tail length and scrotal length. It is concluded that the body weight of the local sheep can be predicted with heart girth, sub-sternal height and tail width; the equation is LW= -97.2 + 0.36HG + 2.1SBSH + 0.57TW with a better coefficient of determination; R2 = 0.55 and the hot carcass weight can be predicted with sub-sternal height and tail width; the equation is HCW= -75.66 + 1.75SBSH + 0.85TW with a coefficient of determination; R2 = 0.33. But, hot carcass can be predicted with body weight, the equation is HCW= -9.39+0.85BWT when weighing scales are affordable with a better coefficient of determination; R2= 0.557.
Response of spring rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties to different nitrogen application methods at Nawalparasi West, Nepal
Authors: Bhatt Himsweta , Ghimire Sudip , Paudel Sushma , Bashyal Manju
Published: April 2024

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation necessitates an adequate supply of nitrogen to achieve optimal growth and yield. This study, conducted in Nawalparasi West from February to June 2023, aimed to assess the effects of nitrogen management through a foliar spray of nano urea, compared to need-based nitrogen management using the Leaf Color Chart (LCC) and the Recommended Dose of urea Fertilizer (RDF) application. The experiment followed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, incorporating four nitrogen management levels (Control, RDF through urea fertilizer (120 kg/ha), 25% of RDF through basal urea (30 kg/ha) + nano urea, and 25% of RDF through basal urea (30 kg/ha) + (LCC) and two rice varieties (Chaite-5 and Hardinath-1). The results indicated that the LCC-based treatment produced the highest grain yield at 5.18 mt/ha, statistically similar to the yield of the nano urea-based treatment (5.04 mt/ha). The enhanced yields were attributed to more effective tillers per m² (260.17 tillers/m² and 253.17 tillers/m², respectively), longer panicle length (28.12 cm and 25.99 cm), more filled grains per panicle (210.03 and 215.73), and lower sterility percentage (24.93% and 26.95%). Despite comparable yields, nano urea application proved to be more cost-effective [97,926.10 Nepalese Rupees (NRs)] with a higher benefit-cost ratio (1.78) and greater ease of application for farmers compared to the LCC. Varietal responses varied, with Hardinath-1 exhibiting the highest yield with LCC-based nitrogen application (5.37 mt/ha), and Chaite-5 demonstrating the highest yield (4.778 mt/ha); with nano urea-based nitrogen application (5.31 mt/ha). Chaite-5 displayed a greater effective number of tillers per m² (241.42 tillers/m²) and filled grains per panicle (224.56). Consequently, it is suggested that nano urea-based nitrogen application, particularly in conjunction with a variety of Chaite-5, holds the potential for improved productivity.
The Impact of Food Safety Criteria on Fruit and Vegetable Exports from Türkiye to The European Union
Authors: Direk Mithat , Arısoy Hasan , Ozen Huseyin
Published: April 2024

Food safety has become an increasingly important issue as people become more concerned about access to healthy food. Particularly in affluent societies such as the European Union, the increasing consumption of unhealthy fruits and vegetables and carcinogenic residues are constantly on the agenda. Reducing aflatoxin levels in dried foods to below health risk levels, eliminating them from food and ensuring access to healthy food are essential for food safety and human health. In this study, the impact of food safety practices in fruit and vegetable trade between the European Union and Türkiye was examined using mandarins, one of Türkiye’s main fresh fruit and vegetable exports, and the European Union Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) notifications for food and feed for the period between 2019 and 2022. The reasons for these notifications and the requests made in this context were examined and a TOWS analysis matrix was created based on the findings obtained. In conclusion, residue and aflatoxin inspections should be included in traceability activities in Türkiye. Producers need to be informed to ensure the effectiveness of inspections. It is crucial to provide adequate support to producers to improve storage conditions for perishable and dry products and to encourage the use of the latest production techniques. It is of great importance to raise awareness of these techniques among producers. Thus, the European Union can be an alternative market to the Russian Federation, which is Türkiye’s largest trading partner.
Effect of Maltodextrin Concentrations and Drying Temperature on the Physico-chemical Characteristics and Color Measurements of Butterfly Pea Flowers (Clitoria ternatea L) Powder
Authors: Yudiono Kukuk
Published: April 2024

Butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) is a tropical plant that is rich in bioactive compounds, especially anthocyanins which are useful as natural dyes and antioxidant compounds. The bioactive compounds of butterfly pea flowers are unstable due to environmental influences, especially temperature, oxygen, light and acidity. In order to improve the stability of bioactive compounds, especially anthocyanin compounds in powder form, it is necessary to utilize encapsulation technology using coating materials. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of maltodextrin concentration and drying temperature on the physico-chemical characteristics and color measurements of encapsulated butterfly pea flower extract. The research method used was a factorial design prepared using a randomized block design consisting of 2 factors. Factor I (maltodextrin concentration) consisted of 3 levels, namely (10%, 20%, and 30%) while factor II (drying temperature) consisted of 3 levels (70ºC, 80ºC, and 90ºC), with 3 repetitions. The observation variables are: a) antioxidant activity, b) anthocyanin content, c) water content, d) dissolution time, e) color properties (L*, a*, and b*). Based on general research results, a maltodextrin concentration of 10% and a drying temperature of 70ºC showed the best results based on antioxidant activity rate and the highest anthocyanin content (51.47% and 47.36mg/g), as well as color measurements with the lowest L* value = 52, highest a* value = +2.6, and highest b* = -11.16. Except for powder solubility, a maltodextrin concentration of 30% and a drying temperature of 90ºC resulted in the fastest solubility time (16.67 seconds). For water content, all treatments were still in accordance with spice standards in Indonesia and standards issued by the USDA.
Investigation and Quantification of Phthalate Esters in Packaged Milk: A Study in Türkiye
Authors: İşçi Gürsel
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was to explore the concentrations of PAEs (Phthalate esters) in milk in Türkiye. For this purpose, a methodology was developed to quantify eight different PAEs in milk samples using a combination of dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) and Liquid Chromatography coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Employing this methodology, the concentrations of PAEs were evaluated in 34 milk samples. Results indicated the presence of PAEs in the milk samples; however, all tested compounds remained within the specific migration limits established by the EU. Among the analyzed PAEs, BBP (Benzyl butyl phthalate) was not detected in any samples, while DMP (di-methyl phthalate) (ND-5.51 µg/L) and DBP (di-butyl phthalate) (ND-7.91 µg/L) exhibited the lowest concentrations. DEHP (bis(2-ethylhexyl)) was identified as the most prevalent plasticizer with a maximum concentration of 41.31 µg/L. In conclusion, this study successfully investigated PAE concentrations in Turkish milk samples using a developed methodology. The results indicated the presence of PAEs within EU-established limits, with DEHP being the predominant plasticizer. Further research and monitoring efforts are crucial to ensure ongoing safety in packaged milk products.
The Effect of Commercial Essential Oil Mixture Applied to Neonatal Simmental Calves on Growth, Development and Health Parameters
Authors: Emir Fatma , Bayram Bahri
Published: April 2024

In this study, the effectiveness of commercial essential oil mixture application in preventing calf losses due to diarrhea and on the growth, development and health parameters of calves was investigated. For this purpose, 24 newborn Simmental calves were used. Following birth, 20 ml of essential oil mixture was given orally via syringe to the calves in the treatment group after drinking milk in the morning for 5 days. The average birth weight of calves was 39.0 ± 0.72 kg. Birth weight of male and female calves were 42.3 ± 1.01 and 38.6 ± 0.96 kg respectively, the difference between groups were found significant. First month weight was 45.7 ± 1.67, 42.4 ± 1.65 kg in the control and treatment groups, respectively. There was no difference between the control and treatment groups in terms of body measurements taken at birth, but a significant difference was observed in chest circumference in favor of the control group in terms of measurements obtained at the 1st month. There was no difference between the treatment and control groups in terms of hematological parameters detected in the blood taken on the 10th day and in the 1-month period. No differences were observed between groups in terms of immunoglobulin levels (IgM and IgG). There was no effect of the commercial essential oil mixture on the fecal score of the calves included in the trial. It was revealed that the essential oil mixture does not make any difference in the growth, development and health of Simmental calves in a one-month period. In future studies on the subject, it is recommended that higher doses of the essential oil mixture be investigated.
Management of Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) on Kiwifruit Seedlings using Different Plant Extracts, Biocontrol Agents, and Chemical Nematicides
Authors: Simkhada Kapil , Bhandari Srijana , Sharma Chiranjivi
Published: April 2024

Root-knot nematodes (RKN), (Meloidogyne spp.), are the major biotic factor responsible for the limiting production of Kiwifruit in Nepal including Kiwifruit orchard of Warm Temperate Horticulture Center, Nepal. Hence, there is a pressing demand for nematicides that are both easily accessible and cost-effective while being environmentally friendly. A screenhouse experiment was conducted in the Summer of 2023 with an objective to evaluate the effects of different plant extracts, bio-control agents, and chemical nematicides against RKN on Kiwifruit seedlings. The experiment was set up in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications and eight treatments which include the extracts of Allium sativum and Lantana camara, Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Cartap hydrochloride, Fosthiazate, Inoculated control and Uninoculated control. The results revealed that Trichoderma viride proved to be the most effective in reducing the nematode population, displaying a low root gall index of 3.11, a minimal reproductive factor of 0.24, and a high percentage of nematode control at 91.71%. It was also found to be efficient in promoting the growth parameters of Kiwifruit seedlings. Additionally, regression analysis exhibited a significantly positive interaction between root gall index and reproductive factor, while indicating a negative interaction between reproductive factor and growth parameters. Therefore, T. viride (@ 20 gm per 2000 cm3 of soil) should be soil drenched before the seedlings are transplanted into the main field for effective and sustainable management of RKN. Nevertheless, further research is needed to determine the efficacy of T. viride in infested roots of Kiwifruit trees in field condition of Kiwifruit orchard.
Electrochemical Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensing Platform Based on Vanadium Pentoxide Film-Modified Screen Printed Gold Electrode
Authors: Dülgerbaki Çiğdem
Published: April 2024

A screen printed gold electrode (SPGE) served as the foundation for directly depositing Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), crafting an enzyme-free glucose sensor. Through cyclic voltammetry in an alkaline setting, the sensor's ability to drive glucose oxidation was explored. Utilizing V2O5 as an electrocatalyst, this non-enzymatic sensor exhibited an expansive linear detection range (1 mM–10 mM) and an impressively low detection limit of 0.9 μM. These results underscored V2O5's robust electrocatalytic process in facilitating glucose oxidation within alkaline solutions, unaffected notably by substances like ascorbic acid, fructose and maltose. This investigation highlights a direct and efficient method for glucose detection without reliance on enzymes.
An Assessment of Forestry Policy in The European Union, Turkey and Various Countries
Authors: Güleç Uğur Dilek , Altunel Tayyibe
Published: April 2024

In many parts of the world, forests have been seen only as an economic value and forestry policies have been in this direction. Later, when forests started to disappear, the protectionist period started and forest policies were shaped in this direction. In this study, the reflections of sustainable foresty policy and environmental and forest protection in the Eurpoion Union (EU), Turkey and a few other countries are examined and the protection measures and recommendations of the countries are analyzed. The aim of the study is to reveal the devolopment process of forestry policies and to reveal what has been done to ensure the protection of forests. When we look at the policies followed by the countries, it is seen that the world is now pursuing a conscious forestry policy.
Problemas de olimpiadasde matemáticas,Veracruz 2015
Authors: Carranza Trejo Melida , Pérez García Víctor , Tapia Santos Brenda , Toledo Hernández Porfirio
Published: April 2024

Esta obra es fruto del esfuerzo del Comité Estatal de la Olimpiada Mexicana de Matemáticas en Veracruz, integrado por académicos y alumnos de la Facultad de Matemáticas de la Universidad Veracruzana, durante el año 2014. Concebido como una herramienta esencial tanto para estudiantes con interés en las competencias matemáticas, como para sus mentores, este libro propone un itinerario formativo a través de una selección de ejercicios. Estos desafíos, que varían en grado de dificultad, han sido extraídos de diversas competencias realizadas en Veracruz, incluyendo los exámenes de selección empleados para constituir la Delegación Veracruzana de 2014. Adicionalmente, se incluyen ejercicios de entrenamiento y el examen correspondiente al concurso nacional de la 28ª edición de la Olimpiada Mexicana de Matemáticas. Cada uno de los ejercicios presentados se acompaña de soluciones detalladas y, en ocasiones, de distintos enfoques metodológicos para su resolución. Este libro no solo busca ser una guía de estudio, sino también una invitación a explorar y enriquecer las habilidades matemáticas, preparando al lector para enfrentar con éxito los retos de las olimpiadas de matemáticas. Sumérgete en esta aventura de aprendizaje y resolución de problemas, y disfruta de cada descubrimiento en el camino hacia la excelencia matemática.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in children and adolescents at a public reference center in Brazil: factors involved in diabetes tratment and their effects on glycated hemoglobin
Authors: Barros Sofia , Nigri Alcinda , Gianini Reinaldo
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the factors involved in type 1 Diabetes Mellitus treatment in children and adolescents. METODOLOGY: The cross-sectional study occurred between Sept/2020-July/2021 and involved 56 patients with previous diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, aged 0-18 years, treated at a public outpatient clinic in Sorocaba. We applied a questionnaire regarding their treatment and got HbA1c, heigh and weight values from their medical records. The analysis of associations/ differences among the data and HbA1c was made through Students t-test, ANOVA and linear regression, and we calculated standard deviation, confidence interval (95%) and significance value (p<0.05=significant). RESULTS: The study population (n=56) had a mean age of 9.67 years, 62.49% exercised less than 30min/day and 39.29% were overweight/ obese. In patients with HbA1c values registered in their records (n=49), the mean HbA1c was 81mmol/mol (9.57%). The analogous insulin regimen had a mean HbA1c=77mmol/mol (9.21%), with p-value=0.0175, while other regimens had mean HbA1c>86mmol/mol (10%). The follow-up to a food plan reduced the HbA1c from 107mmol/mol (11.9%) to 67mmol/mol (8.33%), with p-value=0.0027. Patients aged 2-10 years had HbA1c=69mmol/mol (8.45%), compared to 98mmol/mol (11.19%) in those aged 11-18 years (p-value=0.0004). CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the poor glycemic control in children/adolescents with type 1 diabetes and a high prevalence of sedentarism and overweight/obesity. There was an inverse association between the HbA1c and the use of analogous insulins, follow-up to a food plan and age 2-10 years. These factors should be considered during the treatment plan for type 1 diabetes.
EVALUASI KINERJA FIN-FAN COOLER E-0101 DI GAS SEPARATION UNIT CENTRAL PROCESSING PLANT GUNDIH
Authors: Setiyono Agus , Nisa Yunika Afty Khoirotun
Published: April 2024

Fin-fan cooler E-0101 pada Central Processing Plant Gundih merupakan alat penukar panas dengan menggunakan media pendingin berupa udara. Alat ini berfungsi untuk mendinginkan feed gas sebelum dialirkan ke unit AGRU. Fin-fan cooler E-0101 yang berada pada Gas Separation Unit beroperasi selama 24 jam dan digunakan sejak tahun 2013. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena alat tersebut telah beroperasi lama sehingga diperlukan evaluasi untuk mengetahui kerak maupun deposit yang terdapat didalam tube nya. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi fouling factor didapatkan hasil sebesar 0,32 hr.ft.°F/Btu, dimana nilai tersebut melebihi batas data desainnya yakni sebesar 0,0011 hr.ft.°F/Btu. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan perawatan secara berkala untuk menjaga kinerja fin-fan cooler E-0101 agar beroperasi secara maksimal.
ANALISIS PERKIRAAN LIQUID LOADING PADA SUMUR GAS DI LAPANGAN MLT
Authors: Saputra Irvan , Dwi Saputri Eriska Eklezia , Laksmita Sari Riska
Published: April 2024

Dalam memproduksikan gas bumi tentunya terdapat hal yang perlu diperhatikan, salah satunya fenonema liquid loading. Liquid loading terjadi karena sejumlah liquid yang terakumulasi dalam sumur gas yang diakibatkan kecepatan gas yang mengalami penurunan sehingga fasa gas tidak mampu mengangkat liquid ke permukaan. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan analisis perkiraan liquid loading pada 3 sumur kandidat di Lapangan MLT dengan menggunakan persamaan Turner untuk menghitung laju alir kritis (Qcrit) pada setiap sumur.  Apabila Qg < Qcrit, maka diindikasikan terjadi liquid loading pada sumur tersebut. Hasil analisis perkiraan liquid loading pada 3 sumur kandidat menunjukkan bahwa Sumur MT-04 terindikasi mengalami liquid loading dimana Qg berada dibawah Qcrit dengan laju alir kritis gas (Qg) masing – masing sumur diperoleh hasil sebesar 22,331 MMscf/d untuk Sumur MT-04, 21,962 MMscf/d untuk Sumur MT-05, dan 21,702 MMscf/d untuk Sumur MT-06. Liquid loading pada 3 kandidat sumur di Lapangan MLT diperkirakan terjadi saat tekanan reservoir mengalami penurunan seiring sumur diproduksikan dengan laju alir gas menurun dan tidak mampu mengangkat liquid ke permukaan
QUEM IMPÕE LIMITES ÀS REFORMAS PREVIDENCIÁRIAS? O STF COMO PROTETOR DO ORÇAMENTO PÚBLICO
Authors: Danielle Santiago Lima Flavia , Moura de Oliveira Tassiana
Published: April 2024

Qual o papel do STF na conformação da política pública previdenciária através das ações em controle abstrato de constitucionalidade? O trabalho aqui apresentado traz a discussão sobre o direito social à previdência social em seu status de direito fundamental na Constituição Federal de 1988 e o discurso sobre ele configurar uma prestação onerosa ao Estado. Os Poderes Legislativo e Executivo periodicamente modificam as regras de previdência com o objetivo de conter os gastos. Como instância contramajoritária, o Poder Judiciário tem o dever de proteger os direitos sociais, impedindo que as decisões tomadas pelos outros poderes retrocedam (ou extingam) direitos conquistados na Carta de 1988. O objetivo do trabalho é saber se o STF (como órgão de cúpula do Judiciário) cumpre esse papel no que se refere à Previdência Social. Para tanto, foi realizada uma análise sobre as Ações Diretas de Inconstitucionalidade propostas contra as Emendas Constitucionais 20/1998 e 41/2003, a fim de compreender como o STF responde (se responde) à judicialização das reformas previdenciárias.
Entrustable Professional Activites for Clinical Competence
Authors: Demirbaş Keskin Duygu , Koç Demet , Altıntaş Levent
Published: April 2024

Aim: In recent years Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) have developed as an essential framework for competency-based medical education (CBME) implementation, which has become an important component of contemporary medical education. The need to close the gap between healthcare professional education, healthcare delivery, and societal demands motivates the transition to CBME. While the competencies describe the attributes that medical professionals should possess, the EPAs describe the practical activities that learners are expected to perform in their medical education and future careers. The difficulty of translating abstract abilities into clinical practice in the real world encouraged the development of EPAs, which are specific activities or responsibilities that may be delegated to learners upon demonstrating competency. With the introduction of EPAs, medical education programs have discovered a more effective means of assessing competencies that aligns them with the professional tasks that students are expected to perform. This alignment promotes a meaningful connection between intended competencies and real-world practice, which ultimately improves the readiness of future medical professionals.
Methods: The article was prepared by the traditional review method.
Results: This article highlights the particular features of EPAs and the significance of competency-based assessments being grounded in actual clinical situations. EPAs enable learners to advance progressively, fostering preparedness as well as responsibility over time. It is discussed how the incorporation of technology into EPAs has the potential to improve both teaching and learning. The use of technological support and mobile applications can make EPAs more applicable and comprehensible to both faculty and students.
Conclusions: The integration of CBME and EPAs is a promising strategy for addressing concerns about medical education’s effectiveness. By actively engaging in real-world tasks, EPAs facilitate the internalization of competencies by learners. By providing a structured, adaptable, and context-specific approach to competency assessment, EPAs enable learners to assume responsibilities progressively, thereby facilitating their path to becoming competent and confident healthcare professionals.
By recognizing the complementary nature of EPAs and competences, medical education programs can develop thorough and efficient training techniques that bridge the gaps between theoretical knowledge and practical clinical abilities.
Kartel partilerden düzen karşıtı popülist partilere geçiş: Teorik inceleme
Authors: Gülşen Funda
Published: April 2024

Kartel partiler, siyasi parti sınıflandırmaları içinde kurumsalcı bir yaklaşım benimsenerek Katz ve Mair (1995) tarafından ortaya konulmuştur. Katz ve Mair parti türlerini, Duverger’in (1974) teorize ettiği kadro (elit) ve kitle partileri, Kirchheimer’ın (1969) ortaya koyduğu herkesi kucaklayan partiler (catch-all party) ve kendilerinin ilk kez tanımladığı kartel partiler olarak sınıflandırmıştır. Neoliberal ekonomik modele geçişle beraber herkesi kucaklayan (catch-all party) partiler, düşük üyelik, kısıtlı politika alanı ve zayıf finansman kaynağı ile politik alanda rekabet etmek zorunda kalmıştır. Bu da onları yeni bir hayatta kalma stratejisine yönlendirmiştir. Sistemdeki partiler kendi aralarında rekabeti kısıtlayarak kamusal mali yardımlardan maksimum düzeyde yararlanmayı amaçlamışlar ve böylece kartelleşmişlerdir. Üyelik bağı zayıflayan ve seçmenden uzaklaşan kartel partiler değişen sosyo-ekonomik dinamiklere cevap verememiş ve düzen karşıtı partilerden olan popülist partiler tarafından saldırıya uğramıştır. Çalışma Katz ve Mair’in parti türü sınıflandırmasını temel alarak, kadro partilerinden popülist partilere kadar olan parti türlerinin özelliklerini tarihsel karşılaştırmalı bir yöntemle incelemektedir. Son yıllarda birçok çalışmayla geniş bir literatüre sahip olan popülist parti literatüründe kartel partilerin nedenselliği üzerinden bir perspektif açmak amaçlanmaktadır.