bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Sociopolitical and Religious Meanings from a BBC News on a Terror Attack: A Functional Linguistic Analysis.
Authors: Rahaman Sohanur
Published: September 2021

This study is a functional grammatical analysis of BBC news on a New York attack where eight were killed by a man driving a truck by the application of Halliday’s Systematic Functional Grammar (SFG). By analysing the systems of grammar at the clause level, I show that the text at the discourse level makes different meaning across the news. Sayfullo Saipov, an immigrant who came to the US in 2010, has developed negative actions such as killing eight people, hurting 11, aiming at innocents, striking cyclists, hitting a school bus, injuring adults and children, and in all of his actions eventually “the innocent” are affected as a goal. Another significant goal i.e. “note” was found which shows his cohesion with the so-called Islamic States. Nevertheless, they are using the name of “Islam” but they don’t know or they don’t follow the script of Islam or at least the basics of Islam, it proven by the killer are all actions because according to The Holy Quran” killing a single innocent is even strongly prohibited in Islam, it is like killing the whole humanity. Identifying and attributing processes have identified here “The attack” as a “terrible” incident which is done by the attacker and attributing processes ascribe “bad qualities” of carriers (the attacker). The Killer is the highest number of “Actor” in terms of the transitivity process, which means he is in a “destructive power”. The police are the second-highest “actor” who performs some physical actions such as shooting the driver, arresting the driver, taking the attacker to hospital. The situation was going to get ugly by the killer’s actions and for this reason; the police accomplish these professional actions to make meaning of “safety of innocent”. The killer is a “single” person but his negative actions convulsed the whole city even whole country, and all big names like President, City mayor, police commissioner immediately were made get involved into “verbal actions” interfering, and reacting, saying, commenting etc. Thus the study frets out some significant meaning through grammar choices in the news genre in question.
The Mediating Role of Work Satisfaction on the Effect of Organizational Justice on Employee Engagement
Authors: Haryono Siswoyo
Published: September 2021

This research evaluates the mediation role of job satisfaction on the effect of organizational justice on employee engagement among temporary employees at Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. The population of temporary employees at Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta is 213, and the sample was 70. The analysis employed Smart PLS 3.0. The results show that organizational justice affects job satisfaction, and job satisfaction significantly affects employee engagement. Job satisfaction has a mediation role in the effect of organizational justice on employee engagement among temporary employees at Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. The benefit of the research is that improving employee engagement would be adequate by increasing both job satisfaction and organizational justice.
Predictors of Satisfaction With Childbirth Services Amongst Postnatal Women in Two Selected Teaching Hospitals in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: S. O. Olofin , AGBONJIMI Lawrence Adewale , AINA Rachel Omolara , ALABI Praise Oladeji
Published: September 2021

Satisfaction with childbirth service is a multi-dimensional construct embracing satisfaction with self (personal control), and with the physical environment of delivery ward and quality of care. Maternal health care service encompasses family planning, preconception, antenatal, delivery and postnatal care. Goals of preconception care include providing  education, health promotion, screening tests for various health problems and  interventions  for women  of reproductive  age  to  reduce  risk  factors  that  might  affect  future  pregnancies. Women  who  begin prenatal care  early  in  their  pregnancies  have  better birth outcomes than  those  who receive  little or  no  care  during  their  pregnancies. This study was conducted to identify predictors of satisfaction with childbirth services and the factors influencing them. A well-structured questionnaire was used to get responses from 81 postnatal women in OOUTH and BUTH. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing the research questions and hypotheses respectively. Majority of the participants revealed good level of satisfaction with most child birth services rendered by the two selected teaching hospitals, but more than two-third of the respondent’s claims, dissatisfaction in pain control and baby care after birth in the two hospitals. Findings revealed more satisfaction towards child birth services in BUTH than OOUTH, this might be as a result of inadequate equipment, structural facilities and poor waiting areas in the public hospital. It was recommended among others that Government should facilitate focused antenatal care, institutional delivery and postnatal care in terms of reducing maternal and neonatal mortality.
Avaliação da composição físico-química do concentrado proteico e farinhas liofilizadas obtidos a partir de resíduos do pirarucu (Arapaima gigas)
Authors: Carvalho Barbosa Mariana , Milhomem Guida Lara , Campos Feitosa Amanda , Damian Giraldo Zuñiga Abraham
Published: September 2021

O pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) é considerado um dos maiores peixes de água doce do mundo. Porém o seu beneficiamento gera grandes quantidades de resíduos que podem agregar valor no desenvolvimento de novos produtos, gerar renda à população local e ainda possibilidade da difusão do seu consumo. Dentre os métodos de desidratação existentes, a liofilização se destaca por promover uma maior preservação das características sensoriais e nutricionais dos alimentos. Os concentrados proteicos provenientes de pescado são produtos obtidos por desidratação que possuem alto conteúdo de proteínas. Suas características primordiais são o alto valor biológico, baixo custo e fácil conservação. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a composição físico-química do concentrado proteico e farinha liofilizada de resíduos do pirarucu. A obtenção do concentrado proteico se deu através da modificação de uma metodologia já existente, com alterações nas etapas de desodorização e deslipidificação. E a liofilização através de um liofilizador de bancada. Nos dois métodos utilizou-se a cabeça e a carcaça do Pirarucu, separadamente, a fim de verificar se existiam diferenças significativas (p ≤ 0.05) em todas as propriedades físico-químicas avaliadas. O processo de liofilização e obtenção do concentrado proteico se mostraram eficientes alternativas para o uso dos resíduos do pirarucu no desenvolvimento de novos produtos, uma vez que diminuíram o teor de umidade (80,15% para 4,57%), como concentrou os minerais (1,60% para 7,55%) e proteínas (5,46% para 83,05%) e reduziu o teor lipídico (20,97% para 6,87%).
Lethal Incompetence: Leaders, Organizations, and the U.S. Response to COVID-19
Authors: Bendor Jonathan , Bullock John G.
Published: September 2021

The study of voter competence has made significant contributions to our understanding of politics, but at this point there are diminishing returns to the endeavor. Voter competence is unlikely to improve dramatically enough to make much of a difference to our politics. By contrast, the competence of officials can and does vary substantially over short periods of time. To understand variations in government performance, therefore, we would do better to focus on the abilities and performance of officials, not ordinary citizens. We elaborate on this argument, emphasizing the “incompetence multiplier”: the way that the properties of hierarchies can amplify the incompetence of those in powerful positions. We illustrate our argument with an extended discussion of the U.S. response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Divided by Identity on the Left? Partisan Spillover and Identity Politics Alignment
Authors: Gin Willie
Published: September 2021

It has often been stated that in the United States the left tends to be less united than the right on issues related to identity politics such as race, gender, and religion. This article presents evidence that this asymmetry in partisan alignment over identity politics is changing over time. Looking at various measures of public opinion shows that the left’s agreement on issues related to identity politics has either caught up with the right or that the gap is diminishing. The article considers various possible explanations for unity on these issues – including personality distribution, party homogeneity, and message infrastructure – and shows that partisan spillover in the context of polarization helps explains the closing of the gap in unity between the right and the left. In an era of polarization, Democratic affiliation induces warmer feeling toward stigmatized coalition partners. Groups that may have joined the Democratic party on a single group interest claim (race, gender, religion, class) will gradually move toward greater acceptance of other group interest claims supported by the party. These findings have implications for the oft-stated strategic claim that the left needs to focus on class redistribution over identity politics if the left does not want to be fractured.
海峡两岸新闻评论语言多特征计量对比研究
Authors: 蕾 许
Published: September 2021

The two sides of the Taiwan Strait have common ancestors and blood relations. The language and literature of both sides of the Strait are connected. Due to the reasons of history and geography, and long-term barrier, there are many differences in politics, economy, culture, education, social life, view, area culture, customs, etc, which are clearly reflected in the language practices. We chose a 302,939-character corpus from People’s Daily and United Daily News and analyzed the differences of cross-Strait news comments. We examined multiple language features, and concluded that the complexity and written register of People’s Daily are slightly higher, and United Daily News has a slightly richer vocabulary, more flexible language style, and more communicative language of the everyday. The subjective emotions of the writers of United Daily News are more intense, and sentences with emotional expressions are used to express their opinions and comments.
从海外华语学习者的低龄化谈华语教学之功能
Authors: SHENG Jiyan 盛继艳 , LIN Zuotian 林左天
Published: September 2021

The younger age trend of overseas Chinese learners points out a key goal for the research of the function of overseas Chinese education, that is, to meet the needs of learners’ growth and development. Therefore, the discussion should not be limited to the perspective of traditional teaching objectives, but expended to the learning characteristics and needs of learners. Based on the theories of children’s language function, child developmental psychology and multiple intelligences, combined with the analysis of the learning characteristics and needs of overseas Chinese learners, this paper holds that overseas Chinese education for young learners should have the functions of “developing learners’ Chinese language abilities to meet their growth needs” and “promoting the integrated development of learners’ multiple intelligences”. Furthermore, how to realize these two functions are discussed respectively.
Quantifying salt sensitivity
Authors: Oberleithner Hans
Published: September 2021

Inner surfaces of blood vessels and outer surfaces of erythrocytes are coated with a negatively charged protective film of proteoglycans, which serves as an effective buffer system for the positively charged sodium ions. If this protective coating is poorly developed or impaired, it loses its buffering capacity. As a consequence, the organism becomes increasingly sensitive to sodium, which in the long run leads to organ damage, especially if daily salt consumption is high. Recently, it has become possible to quantify salt sensitivity using a technically simple method – the salt blood test (SBT). Aim of this mini-review is to explain the physiological concept underlying the SBT and its potential practical relevance in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Controllers of cutaneous regulatory T cells: ultraviolet radiation and the skin microbiome
Authors: Schwarz Thomas , Schwarz Agatha
Published: September 2021

For the maintenance of homeostasis termination of immune reactions is as equally important as their induction. In this scenario regulatory T cells (Treg) play an important role. Accordingly a variety of inflammatory diseases are caused by an impairment of Treg. Hence, it is important to identify triggers by which Treg can be induced and activated, respectively. For quite a long time it is known that ultraviolet radiation can induce Treg which inhibit cutaneous immune reactions including contact hypersensitivity. Since these Treg inhibit in an antigen-specific fashion they may harbor therapeutic potential. However similar Treg can be induced also by other triggers which include vitamin D and antimicrobial peptides. Recently it was discovered that the gut microbiome controls the development of Treg in the intestine. The same may apply for the skin. Short chain fatty acids, microbiota-derived bacterial fermentation products, appear to induce and to activate Treg in the skin. Topical application of short chain fatty acids was shown to inhibit contact hypersensitivity and to reduce inflammation in the murine imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation model. Together, these data indicate that induction and activation of Treg may be a potential therapeutic strategy to treat inflammatory diseases in the future.
An integrated PMU architecture for power system applications
Authors: Aalam Mir Khadim , Shubhanga K.N.
Published: September 2021

Time synchronized phasors obtained using Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) spread across wide areas have revolutionized power system monitoring and control. These synchronized measurements must be accurate and fast in order to comply with the latest IEEE standards for synchrophasor measurements. The speed at which a PMU provides an output depends on the group delay associated with that PMU and the permissible group delay in-turn decides the utility of a PMU for either control or measurement application. Based on the group delay compensation techniques, in the literature, two individual types of PMUs, such as causal and non-causal PMUs have been introduced. This paper presents an approach where both causal and non-causal PMUs are combined in an integrated PMU architecture. This method not only illustrates the group delay performance of two PMUs in a single module, but also can be used for multiple functions. In this environment several PMU algorithms have been compared with respect to their group delays and their effect on the response time. Application of the integrated PMU architecture to a four-machine 10-bus power system has been demonstrated using a six-input PMU with three-phase voltage and current signals as inputs. Different causal compensation schemes are introduced due to the availability of voltage and current-based frequency and ROCOF signals. Impact of these compensation schemes on PMU accuracy is evaluated through the Total Vector Error (TVE) index. The influence of these compensation schemes on measurements like power and impedance is also investigated. Finally, outputs from the integrated PMU architecture are fed into a Power System Stabilizer (PSS) to control the small-signal stability performance of a power system during dynamic conditions.
Federal Quarantine: The Issue with Limited CDC Presence at Ports of Entry
Authors: Walls Taylor M.
Published: September 2021

The United States Federal government faces significant difficulties when implementing federal quarantine. States have the jurisdiction to enforce quarantine within their states, and the federal government cannot infringe on this right. The issue therein lies in the places and modality in which the federal government may enforce quarantine. This Article aims to outline the places and methods by which quarantine is enforced by the federal government, the problems that arise from this limited jurisdiction, and solutions that ensure federal quarantine is meaningful.
The effect ofCinnamomum cassiaextract on oxidative stress in the liver and kidney of STZ-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Niazmand Saeed , Mirzaei Masomeh , Hosseinian Sara , Khazdair Mohammad Reza , Gowhari Shabgah Arezoo , Baghcheghi Yousef , Hedayati-Moghadam Mahdiyeh
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Many diabetes-related complications are caused by oxidative stress. In the current study, the protective effect ofCinnamomum cassiaagainst diabetes-induced liver and kidney oxidative stress was evaluated.

Methods

The male Wistar rats (n=48) were randomly divided into six groups including; control group received 500 µL normal saline orally for 42 days. Diabetes groups received intraperitoneally (i.p.) streptozotocin (STZ) as single-dose (60 mg/kg, i.p.). Cinnamon extract (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) and metformin (300 mg/kg) were orally administered to diabetic rats for 42 days. After the experiment period, the animals were anesthetized and the liver and kidney tissues were quickly removed and restored for oxidative stress evaluation. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total thiol content, glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, as well as, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured in kidney and liver tissue.

Results

The level of MDA, SOD, and CAT activities increased significantly, while the total thiol content, and NO production were significantly reduced in diabetic animals compared to the control group (from p<0.05 to p<0.001). Treatment with cinnamon extract significantly decreased the MDA level, as well as, SOD and CAT activities in the liver and kidney of diabetic rats (from p<0.05 to p<0.001). In the liver and kidney of cinnamon treated groups, GSH and total thiol contents and NO production were significantly higher than diabetic group (from p<0.05 to p<0.001).

Conclusions

Cinnamon extract due to its potent antioxidant property could be effective in decrease of diabetes-induced oxidative stress that plays a major role in renal and hepatic complications.
Guided-mode resonance on pedestal and half-buried high-contrast gratings for biosensing applications
Authors: Finco Giovanni , Bideskan Mehri Ziaee , Vertchenko Larissa , Beliaev Leonid Y. , Malureanu Radu , Lindvold Lars René , Takayama Osamu , Andersen Peter E. , Lavrinenko Andrei V.
Published: September 2021

Optical sensors typically provide compact, fast and precise means of performing quantitative measures for almost any kind of measurand that is usually probed electronically. High-contrast grating (HCG) resonators are known to manifest an extremely sharp and sensitive optical resonance and can constitute a highly suitable sensing platform. In this paper we present two advanced high-contrast grating designs improving the sensing performances of conventional implementations. These configurations, namely pedestal and half-buried HCGs, allow to enhance the shift of the photonic resonance while maintaining the spectral features of the standard configuration. First, the spectral feature of the HCGs was numerically optimized to express the sharpest possible resonance when the structure is immersed in serum. Second, the sensing properties of conventional and advanced HCG implementations were studied by modelling the biological entities to be sensed as a thin dielectric coating layer of increasing thickness. Pedestal HCGs were found to provide a ∼12% improvement in sensitivity and a six-fold improvement in resonance quality factor (Q-factor), while buried HCGs resulted in a ∼58% improvement in sensitivity at the expense of a slightly broader resonance. Such structures may serve as an improved sensitive biosensing platform for near-infrared spectroscopy.
General linguistics must be based on universals (or non-conventional aspects of language)
Authors: Haspelmath Martin
Published: September 2021

This paper highlights the importance of the distinction between general linguistics (the study of Human Language) and particular linguistics (the study of individual languages), which is often neglected. The term “theoretical linguistics” is often used as if it entailed general claims. But I note that (unless one studies non-conventional aspects of language, e.g. reaction times in psycholinguistics) one must study universals if one wants to make general claims. These universals can be of the Greenbergian type, based on grammatical descriptions of the speakers’ social conventions, or they can be based on the natural-kinds programme, where linguists try to describe mental grammars as made up of universal building blocks of an innate grammar blueprint. The natural-kinds programme is incompatible with Chomsky’s claims about Darwin’s Problem, but it is indispensable for a general linguistics in the generative tradition. The Greenbergian programme, by contrast, can make use of framework-free descriptions because its comparisons are based on independently defined universal yardsticks.
Assessment of the Social Impacts of Community Based Tourism
Authors: Boustead Robin , Bhatta Sushma
Published: September 2021

We set out to assess the social impacts of tourism in a Community Based Tourism (CBT) destination by asking the following questions; (1) from a community and individual perspective, what are the major issues faced in a CBT destination?, and (2) is there any pattern to, or similarity between, quality of life and liveable environment impacts in a CBT destination? The Sagarmatha (Mt Everest) National Park in Nepal is used for the study area and where tourism is clearly an important contributor to the local economy. Despite high levels of resident and visitor satisfaction with tourism, survey results indicate that the major issues faced by communities and individuals in the Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone (SNPBZ) are related to uncontrolled tourism development. This is most evident in a lack of relevant skills and training, increasing time burden to cater for tourists, frustrations felt by residents during peak season, the impact of inbound migration, lack of community control and most importantly, the impact of waste and water pollution. Management of the SNPBZ is based on a multi-stakeholder system that includes local population participation, but it does not seem to be working very well. Our survey indicates that uncontrolled growth of tourism businesses is placing increasing pressures on traditional cultures and the environment, thus creating negative impacts on quality of live and liveable environment for residents. Without an effective management system that enhances the ability of communities and Park management to control the impact of tourism, the situation is very likely to worsen in the future.
Early-Age Deck Cracking from Asymmetric Thermal Behavior in Skewed Adjacent Box Beam Bridges
Authors: Mutashar Rana , Sargand Shad M. , Khoury Issam , AlRikabi Fouad T. , Chorzepa Mi G.
Published: September 2021

This study investigates the causes of early-age deck cracking for skewed composite adjacent box beam bridges with integral abutments. It hypothesizes that cracking is attributed to (1) asymmetric thermal movements in a skewed deck and (2) thermal restraints from an integral abutment design, as well as box beams and post-tensioned tie rods. To verify this hypothesis, a bridge in Ohio was instrumented for measuring temperature and strain. The field investigation aimed at observing thermal movements of the deck for about five days immediately after placing the concrete deck. No visible cracks were found after completing the deck and abutments; however, 10 months later, visible cracks were observed. These cracks were mainly observed near the edges of the deck where it adjoins with an abutment, as well as at acute corners. Also, it was observed that a temperature gradient of 8°C developed through the deck depth. The rotation and expansion (or contraction) from the temperature gradient are partially restrained by the presence of box beams and post-tensioned tie rods, resulting in the effective tensile strain at the bottom surface. It is concluded that the skewed deck geometry causes an asymmetric thermal expansion, contraction, or both, leading to increased tensile strains. They exceeded the threshold cracking strain at the acute corner and at mid-width along the deck edges where they adjoin with asphalt roadways. It is also concluded that thermal restraints applied after completing the bridge is another factor for cracking. They are imposed by design features, including soil backfills and asphalt pavements, which are inherent to integral abutment bridges.
Evaluation of the Effects of Engineered Crumb Rubber (ECR) on Asphalt Mixture Characteristics
Authors: Rath Punyaslok , Meister J. , Jahangiri B. , Buttlar W.
Published: September 2021

This study examined the effects of modification of dense-grade asphalt mixtures with chemically engineered crumb rubber (ECR) via the dry process. The ECR mixtures were compared to unmodified and polymer-modified mixtures in various criteria. The study mainly had three objectives: (1) comparison of mixture performance, (2) investigation of warm mix equivalence, i.e., to determine if the chemical coating on the ECR resulted in benefits similar to warm mix additives, and (3) to determine the effects of ECR on mixture draindown. For the first objective, the disk-shaped compact tension test was conducted to determine resistance to thermal cracking, and the Hamburg wheel tracking test was performed to determine resistance to permanent deformation (rutting) and moisture damage. To fulfill the second objective, the mixtures were prepared with warm mix asphalt (WMA) additives wherever necessary, and for the third objective, a stone mastic asphalt (SMA) was employed instead of the dense-grade mixture that was used for the rest of the study. Findings showed that modification with ECR greatly improved resistance to rutting and cracking, indicating that ECR pavements will exhibit longer service life. In terms of warm mix equivalence, a comparison of volumetrics data showed that ECR without WMA additive compacted in a similar manner as a polymer (PG 76-22) mixture containing WMA additive. Additional mix cost savings may be realized with ECR modification because of the ability to avoid the cost of WMA additive for the goal of achieving mix workability and compaction at lower temperatures. Finally, an ECR-SMA mix was used for draindown assessment and was found to pass the draindown test without the need for fibers, nearly matching the draindown resistance of the polymer-WMA mix containing cellulose fibers, thereby presenting another cost-saving avenue for contractors. The study also includes details of three field projects that used ECR and reported excellent field performance.
Long-Term Swelling Characteristics of Montmorillonite Clay with and without Fly Ash: Wetting–Drying Cycle Influence in 1D Oedometer Condition
Authors: Johnson Singh Moirangthem , Borana Lalit , Weiqiang Feng , Xu Dong-Sheng
Published: September 2021

The utilization of fly ash (FA) produced from various thermal power plants and other industrial sources is a big challenge and an opportunity for material and civil engineers. This study aims to utilize FA for improving the engineering characteristics of Montmorillonitic Indian clay (BC) soil. A rigorous testing plan is designed and performed using different proportions of FA (5, 15, 25, and 35 %) to investigate the time-dependent deformation behavior of expansive BC soil and also to examine the influence of the wetting–drying cycle on the time-dependent swelling behavior of reconstituted soils in Oedometric free swell condition. It is proposed to evaluate the time-dependent parameters of the FA-BC matrix under wetting–drying cycles using the elastoviscoplastic considering swelling (EVPS) model. The mineralogical characteristics of both natural and reconstituted samples were investigated using the scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. From the experimental result, it is observed that the time-dependent swelling coefficient decreases with the percentage of FA content increase. The FA used in the study results in decreasing not only the swelling potential of BC soil samples but also the swelling–shrinkage behavior of the soil. It is observed that the reconstituted soils are influenced by both the degree of FA content and the wetting–drying cycles. The swelling strain limit decreases exponentially with the increase of the FA content. The EVPS model works very well in predicting the long-term consolidation and swelling behavior of the FA-BC matrix under different stress states.
Si vis pacem, para bellum: The Italian Response to International Insecurity 1830-1848
Authors: Šedivý Miroslav
Published: September 2021

It was not after 1848 but actually before this revolutionary year that Europe witnessed the abusive proceedings perpetrated by the great powers which undermined the functionality of the post-Napoleonic international order. Even worse, their abuse of power in European and overseas affairs provoked a feeling of mistrust, pessimism and fear and led to discussions about the disappearing justice from the world among a considerable number of Europeans. By the 1840s, under the influence of various crises and conflicts members of the educated middle and upper middle classes in particular changed the way they judged and approached issues of international politics, justice, security and nation building. This process was all the more important in Italy since the search for greater security against external threats became the driving force in the spread of the idea to unite her politically from the Alps to the Sicily. This unity, along with well defensible frontiers, a strong army and navy and good material resources including colonial ones, was to ensure a more secure position within the system of European politics and thereby better prospects for a peaceful future according to the phrase Si vis pacem, para bellum. However, this power-oriented response to insecurity had devastating consequences for the generally shared desire to live in peace with other nations, represented by another aspiration deeply rooted in the national movement: to establish a better international order. To reveal this important process of pan-European dimension is the principal aim of this book, and the Italian arena of politics in 1830–1848 has been chosen to clarify this sea change in political behaviour.
PEMBIAYAAN MUDHARABAH DAN PEMBIAYAAN MUSYARAKAH DI PERBANKAN SYARIAH
Authors: Latif Chefi Abdul
Published: September 2021

ABSTRAK Mudharabah adalah akad kerja sama pemilik modal dan pengelola modal dimana keuntungan dan kerugian dibagi berdasarkan kesepakatan oleh beberapa pihak yang terlibat. Musyarakah adalah akad kerjasama dua pihak atau lebih untuk berserikat dalam modal serta keuntungan dan kerugian yang diperoleh dibagi berdasarkan kesepakatan secara proporsional. Dasar hukum pembiayaan mudharabah dan pembiayaan musyarakah ada dalam al-Quran, Hadist, dan Ijma‟. Produk hukum yang mengatur kedua pembiayaan tersebut yaitu Perundang-undangan, Peraturan Bank Indonesia, Fatwa DSN MUI. Sebelum melaksanakan akad pembiayaan mudharabah dan musyarakah perlu diketahui dan diaktualisasikannya syarat dan rukun daripada kedua pembiayaan tersebut. Pembiayaan mudharabah terbagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu mudharabah muthlaqah dan mudharabah muqayyadah sedangkan Pembiayaan musyarakah terbagi kepada dua bagian, yaitu syirkah al-amlak dan syirkah al-„uqud. Syirkah al-amlak terdiri dari, yaitu syirkah al-jabr dan syirkah al-ikhtiyar. Sedangkan syirkah al-„uqud terdiri dari empat jenis, yaitu syirkah al-mufawadhah, syirkah al-„inan, syirkah al-wujuh, syirkah al-„amal, dan syirkah mudharabah. Impelementasi pembiayaan mudharabah dan pembiayaan musyarakah diperbankan syariah sudah berkembang dan lengkap sesuai dengan peraturan perbankan syariah. Kata kunci: Mudharabah, Musyarakah, Dasar Hukum, Produk Hukum, Rukun Dan Syarat, Pembagian Mudharabah Dan Musyarakah, Implementasi Mudharabah Dan Musyarakah Diperbankan Syariah.
KONSUMSI DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DITINJAU DARI EKONOMI MIKRO ISLAM
Authors: Tripalupi Ramadhani Irma
Published: September 2021

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji konsumsi di masa pandemi Covid-19 ditinjau dari Ekonomi Mikro Islam. Terdapat dua fokus pembahasan pada artikel ini yakni: (1) Teori konsumsi pada Ekonomi Mikro, dan (2) Konsumsi di masa pandemi Covid-19 ditinjau dari Ekonomi Mikro Islam. Pendekatan  menggunakan kualitatif,  metode diskriptif dan analisis eksplorasi dengan studi dokumentasi/teks berupa data-data yang terkait dan studi berbagai literatur. Simpulan artikel ini adalah bahwa konsumsi menurut Islam dapat dijelaskan melalui pendekatan-pendekatan teori konsumsi pada ekonomi mikro konvensional,  perbedaannya konsumsi menurut Islam terdapat prinsip-prinsip dan batasan-batasan syariah. Konsep efisiensi dalam ekonomi konvensional adalah memaksimumkan kepuasan keinginan (want), sedangkan dalam kerangka Islam adalah memaksimumkan pemenuhan kebutuhan (need). Konsumen Muslim yang terdampak pandemi Covid-19, akan menghadapinya dengan relatif baik. Segera menyesuaikan ketika permintaannya bergeser atau berubah akibat kondisi tersebut. Karena perilaku konsumsinya telah terlatih dan  terbiasa  berpedoman pada tuntunan agar tidak ishraf, tidak tabdzir serta  halal sehingga diridhoi Allah SWT. Sebagian konsumen tetap dapat menjalankan infaq, ditunjukkan dengan adanya ta’awun selama pandemi Covid-19, sehingga  dalam kegiatan kosumsinya teraih tujuan yakni maslahah, dalam rangka mencapai tujuan yang lebih tinggi yakni kemenangan di dunia dan akhirat.
TINJAUAN HISTORIS DAN TEORITIS TENTANG INOVASI PRODUK LEMBAGA KEUANGAN SYARIAH
Authors: Fatinah Lina
Published: September 2021

Dalam mengoptimalkan pengembangan keuangan syariah, Otoritas Jasa Keuangan menjalankan beberapa misi yang salah satunya meningkatkan kapasitas kelembagaan dan ketersediaan produk industri keuangan syariah yang lebih kompetitif dan efisien, dengan salah satu program peningkatan ketersediaan dan keragaman produk keuangan syariah, baik pada lembaga perbankan syariah, pasar modal syariah, dan industri keungan non-bank syariah. Inovasi produk menjadi salah satu strategi yang memiliki peran penting di tengah pasar yang kompetitif. Terkait dengan suplai produk, sektor perbankan syariah, pasar modal syariah, dan industri keuangan non-bank syariah memiliki tantangan yang berbeda. Secara historis, inovasi produk lembaga keuangan syariah dapat dilihat dari perkembangan masing-masing lembaga baik perbankan syariah, pasar modal syariah dan industri keuangan non-bank syariah. Pada perkembangannya terdapat inovasi produk-produk yang lebih bervariasi di masing-masing lembaga keuangan syariah. Namun meskipun demikian, fakta menunjukkan bahwa market share produk industri keuangan syariah masih relatif kecil jika dibandingkan dengan produk keuangan konvensional. Sedangkan ditinjau secara teoritis, lembaga keuangan syariah tidak lepas dari teori-teori dan metode yang digunakan untuk tetap sejalan dengan prinsip syariah.Kata Kunci: Inovasi, Produk Lembaga Keuangan Syariah, Historis, Teoritis
Jealous corona
Authors: Ó Briain Lonán
Published: September 2021

In March 2020, a music video produced in collaboration with the Vietnamese Ministry of Health, ‘Jealous Corona’ (Ghen Cô Vy), otherwise known as the ‘Handwashing Song’, was picked up by international media outlets including John Oliver, ABC, The Guardian and NME. The video has since received over 72 million views on YouTube, and TikTok users have posted over 33,000 personalized video responses (as of 10 February 2021). With his fieldwork plans cancelled due to restrictions on international travel, Lonán Ó Briain discusses his experience of becoming immersed into Vietnamese social media and following the TikTok phenomenon associated with ‘Jealous Corona’ online. He describes the premise behind the original production, analyses the music, lyrics and video, and then considers how young people actively engaged with the music video, became invested in its public health message and encouraged the government to rethink how musical propaganda works in contemporary Vietnam.
Surgical-orthodontic retreatment of a severe skeletal Class III malocclusion following an orthodontic camouflage
Authors: MARTINO Francisco , PEÑA Manuel , JOUBERT Rony
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: Class III malocclusions are some of the most difficult occlusal anomalies to be treated. Some patients with this condition may require orthognathic surgery, while others may be treated with dental camouflage. Proper patient assessment and selection remains critical in order to achieve favorable results. Objectives: This report outlines the case of an 18-year-old male who sought retreatment for a severe skeletal Class III dentofacial deformity after undergoing orthodontic camouflage treatment involving mandibular arch extractions. A treatment plan comprising dental decompensation and orthognathic surgery was implemented in order to achieve optimal facial and occlusal results. Results: After 28 months of treatment, skeletal and dental correction was achieved and facial features were significantly improved. The orthognathic surgery required a 20-mm sagittal maxillomandibular skeletal correction, combined with a 4-mm correction of the midlines and a 2-mm impaction of the maxilla. Conclusion: Dental compensation may be a risky treatment alternative for severe dentoskeletal discrepancies. In these patients, orthodontics combined with orthognathic surgery is the recommended treatment option.
Cephalometric evaluation of changes in vertical dimension and molar position in adult non-extraction treatment with clear aligners and traditional fixed appliances
Authors: RASK Hailee , ENGLISH Jeryl D. , COLVILLE Clark , KASPER Fred Kurtis , GALLERANO Ronald , JACOB Helder Baldi
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: Orthodontists have been using clear aligners to treat malocclusions, and one potential effect of treatment with orthodontic aligners is the intrusion and/or resists extrusion of the posterior teeth. This “bite-block effect” is primarily anecdotal due to the frequent occurrence of posterior open bites in patients after clear aligner therapy. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare changes promoted by clear aligners and traditional fixed appliances in cephalometric measurements of the vertical dimension and molar position in adult patients with Class I malocclusion treated with non-extraction. Methods: Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of adult patients treated with either clear aligners (n=44) or traditional fixed appliances (n=22) were selected for retrospective analysis. Eight interval measurements and one nominal measurement were evaluated: anterior overbite (OB), mandibular plane angle related to cranial base (SN_MP) and related to Frankfort (FMA), lower molar height (L6H) and upper molar height (U6H), palatal plane to mandibular plane angle (PP_MP), lower facial height (LFH), total facial height (TFH), and posterior open bite (Posterior_OB). A single evaluator traced all cephalographs, and changes in select measures of the vertical dimension were compared within and between groups. Results: OB decreased (1.15 mm) and L6H increased (0.63 mm) in the traditional fixed appliance group. Mandibular plane angles (related to cranial base and to Frankfort) increased (0.43° and 0.53°, respectively) in the clear aligner group, but just FMA showed significant difference between groups (difference of 0.53°). LFH and TFH increased (ranging from 0.52 mm to 0.80 mm) in both groups, with no differences between treatment modality. Presence of visible posterior open bite significantly increased over the course of treatment. OB, FMA and L6H exhibited an interaction between treatment stage (pre- and post-treatment) and modality (clear aligner therapy and traditional fixed appliances), but no interaction among these three variables was found. Conclusions: The evidence does not support the theory that clear aligner therapy produces better vertical dimension control than traditional fixed appliances. Traditional fixed appliance therapy slightly extruded the lower molar, and clear aligner therapy produced a slightly mandibular backward rotation.
Orthodontic camouflage as a treatment alternative for skeletal Class III
Authors: ARAUJO Monica Tirre de Souza , SQUEFF Luciana Rougemont
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: Skeletal Class III malocclusion is a deformity of complex treatment, with few intervention alternatives, which are further limited in nongrowing patients. In most cases, orthognathic surgery is the ideal treatment for adults, an option often refused by patients. Mild to moderate skeletal Class III malocclusions and acceptable facial esthetics can benefit from a course of treatment in which dental movements are used to compensate for the skeletal discrepancy. Objective: This study aimed to discuss orthodontic camouflage as an option for adult patients with Class III malocclusion, emphasizing its indications, implications and expected results.
Effect of effective stress on hydraulic conductivity of bentonite–polymer geosynthetic clay liners to coal combustion product leachates
Authors: Li Dong , Zainab Binte , Tian Kuo
Published: September 2021

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the hydraulic conductivity of five geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) permeated with four synthetic coal combustion product (CCP) leachates (ionic strength = 473–4676 mM). One of the GCLs contained conventional sodium bentonite (Na-B), and the other four GCLs contained a bentonite–polymer (B-P) composites with polymer loading ranging from 0.5 to 12.7% (B-P-0.5–B-P-12.7). Hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted at 20 kPa until reaching hydraulic and chemical equilibrium and then the effective confining stress was increased incrementally from 20 to 100, 250 and 500 kPa. The hydraulic conductivity of B-P GCLs with high polymer loading showed a faster decreasing trend than that of Na-B and B-P GCLs with lower polymer loading as the effective confining stress increased. Additionally, the hydraulic conductivity of GCLs permeated with a synthetic CCP leachate with ionic strength of 473 mM decreased significantly as the effective confining stress increased, whereas the GCLs permeated with an aggressive CCP leachate (e.g. ionic strength = 4676 mM) had limited reduction in hydraulic conductivity at elevated effective confining stress.
Riesgo para desarrollar interiorización del ideal estético de la delgadez en adolescentes mexicanas
Authors: Saucedo-Molina Teresita De Jesús , Martínez Hernández Leyda Cristely , Bautista-Díaz María Leticia
Published: September 2021

En mujeres se ha reportado que a mayor índice de masa corporal (IMC), mayor interiorización del ideal estético de la delgadez (IIED), y mayor seguimiento de conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR). El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en determinar la presencia de CAR y de IIED en mujeres adolescentes de Hidalgo, México y su asociación tanto entre ellas como con el IMC, el porcentaje de grasa corporal (PGC), los tiempos de comida (TC) y la actividad física (AF). El estudio fue de tipo transversal con un diseño no experimental descriptivo y de asociación en una muestra no probabilística de 220 mujeres de preparatoria, de entre 14 a 18 años de edad (Medad = 15.9 ± .99), quienes respondieron una batería de cuestionarios validados. Para obtener el IMC, cada participante fue pesada y medida, mientras que el PGC se obtuvo por bioimpedancia eléctrica. Los resultados arrojaron que 17.3 % de la muestra presentó riesgo moderado y 15.5 % alto de CAR; mientras que 23.2 % registró riesgo de IIED. Se encontró que el IMC aumenta significativamente 2.7 veces el riesgo de IIED y de CAR 2.5 veces; la IIED incrementa 11.8 veces el riesgo de CAR (Odd Ratio; . < .05). Se concluye que, en la muestra de estudio, las CAR y la IIED están presentes; que a mayor IIED mayor riesgo de estas y que un exceso de peso corporal, basado en el IMC, aumenta el riesgo tanto de CAR como de IIED. Es necesario que los programas de prevención para mujeres adolescentes consideren lo anterior de manera conjunta para garantizar su éxito.
Aporte sedimentario, morfologías eólicas y procesos de formación del registro arqueológico en campos de dunas del golfo San Matías (Río Negro, Argentina).
Authors: Herrera Villegas Dalila Viviana
Published: September 2021

Objetivo. Establecer la relación entre aporte sedimentario, morfologías eólicas y procesos de formación del registro arqueológico en la costa norte del Golfo San Matías (Río Negro). Para dar cuenta de ello, la metodología aplicada consistió en una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura geológica, geomorfológica y geoarqueológica, así como visitas a campo, en las que se recolectaron muestras sedimentarias da varias unidades geomorfológicas, para posteriores análisis granulométricos. Los resultados obtenidos, dan cuenta que, los ambientes litorales, en respuesta a ese dinamismo, de un lado facilitaron la formación de diferentes tipos de morfologías, tales como las dunas, y por el otro, tanto la dinámica costera como la actividad antrópica han afectado las propiedades cualitativas y cuantitativas de la evidencia. Conclusión. Debido a las condiciones ambientales de la región de estudio, el material arqueológico continuamente esté siendo expuesto, redepositado y desplazado por la acción eólica, afectando así el contexto primario de depositación.
Sonido sabanero y sonido paisa. La producción de música tropical en Medellín durante los años sesenta
Authors: Chaves Castaño Juana Catalina
Published: September 2021

Leer un texto, cualquiera sea su naturaleza, puede asimilarse con un ejercicio antropológico sobre todo por la posibilidad de explorar formas otras de ver, contar y (d)escribir realidades. El libro se convierte en una evidencia material, en el sentido arqueológico, a la que accedemos por decisión o por azar y, dado que el autor no puede revelar a viva voz todo lo que entraña su obra, deja la puerta abierta a las interpretaciones y elucubraciones que los demás hacen de ella. Sobre esta premisa, la siguiente reseña presenta el Sonido sabanero y sonido paisa. La producción de música tropical en Medellín durante los años sesenta, desde una perspectiva particular que, aunque espera dar cuenta de todos los elementos relevantes, al final pondera aquellos que fueron de especial interés más por mis propias subjetividades que por la innegable riqueza de la obra.
Territorio habitado y territorio como derecho: reflexiones desde el caminar Kichwa Lamista
Authors: Chaparro Anahí
Published: September 2021

Este artículo plantea una aproximación al territorio Kichwa Lamista, en la alta Amazonía peruana, desde el seguimiento de los caminos que alimentan sus relaciones. Dentro de ellos, se consideran también sus caminos por la defensa de este territorio como un derecho y cómo estos se entrelazan con los de otras personas que acompañan este recorrido. Como parte de ello, se contemplan las fuerzas que impulsan sus movimientos y las que los restringen, así como las formas en que el caminar constituye a las personas, los vínculos entre ellas y con otros seres y la regeneración del conocimiento.