bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Algoritmos de reconocimiento facial entre repartidores en España: vigilancia y complicidad con las prácticas de subarriendo y uso compartido de cuentas personales
Authors: Casas-Cortés Maribel , Moya Santander Laura , Piñeiro Aguiar Eleder
Published: August 2023

Las investigaciones sobre la implantación de algoritmos en el sector del reparto de comida a domicilio se han centrado en la asignación de pedidos y en cómo estas decisiones automatizadas afectan a las condiciones laborales. Sin embargo, las compañías de este sector también han implementado cálculos algorítmicos para otras funciones, principalmente para lidiar con el llamado «mercado negro de cuentas de reparto». Se han implementado sistemas de reconocimiento facial para perseguir «fraudes de identidad», buscando aquellos repartidores trabajando bajo aplicaciones de otros. Este artículo, basado en una etnografía multi situada en diferentes ciudades españolas, aborda el creciente fenómeno de subarrendar y alquilar cuentas personales, una práctica extendida entre repartidores migrantes con distintas situaciones administrativas. Concretamente, abordamos el contexto de emergencia, el funcionamiento interno, y los efectos en red de los sistemas de reconocimiento facial implementados por Glovo y Uber Eats, dos compañías clave del sector. Este análisis preliminar reflexiona sobre el paradójico desarrollo del eficiente sistema algorítmico de identificación biométrica en el sector de reparto de comida en España.
El mar rojo de Arabia Saudí: una etnografía marina
Authors: Galán Silvo Idoia
Published: August 2023

Este artículo recoge la «etnografía marina» de una investigación antropológica realizada en Arabia Saudí entre 2011 y 2016, llevada a cabo en y desde el cuerpo en el mar Rojo. Este proceso de investigación atiende al cuerpo y al mar. Por un lado, presenta el cuerpo como un lugar de adaptación cultural situada y porosa, que articula lo que acontece dentro y fuera de él, entre lo particular y lo general. Situada, en cuanto que relaciona lo particular de estar en el recinto universitario de KAUST (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology) y la generalidad de pertenecer al país restrictivo y autoritario que es Arabia Saudí. Porosa en relación al contexto, en cuanto que muestra la asimilación de los sistemas de género saudíes en el cuerpo que investiga a través de una etnografía marina producida por la comparación de los paisajes sociales «arena» y «mar», y de las percepciones, emociones y movimientos observados y encarnados en ambas experiencias etnográficas, dentro y fuera del mar Rojo. Por otro lado, el artículo presenta al mar, como el paisaje de expansión entre lo empírico y lo conceptual, entre los textos etnográficos recogidos en la arena y la teorización antropológica.
Promoting Learners' Engagement and Motivation in a Technology-Mediated Learning Environment During COVID-19 and Beyond
Authors: Huzooree Geshwaree , Doargajudhur Melina
Published: August 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the drastic shift from traditional face-to-face teaching to an upsurge of online learning at all levels of education worldwide. The adoption of digital technologies continues to rise and impacts learning in higher education. This urgent transition has posed various challenges from the instructor-learner perspective relating to technology availability and accessibility, ineffective real-time communication, technology incompetence, lack of understanding of learners' attitude and characteristics, and a low rate of interactivity, engagement, and motivation. This chapter proposes strategies that promote learners' engagement and motivation in a technology-mediated online learning environment for meaningful and effective learning experiences. It also presents the current state of digital education, the existing motivational theories, the plethora of digital tools embraced for online teaching and learning, and a novel research model by considering key variables pertaining to online teaching and e-learners' engagement and perceived motivation.
Developing Cultural Competency Through a Multicultural Lens
Authors: El-Amin Abeni , Hall Andrea Hampton , Wilson Keith B.
Published: August 2023

Cultivating an inclusive culture requires a top-to-bottom examination and investigation of diversity and inclusion organizational practices. The organization must attempt to mitigate and react to bias, implicit bias, and micro-aggressions. The bedrock of organizational culture includes social variables, intersectionality, disability, multicultural counseling competencies, and advocacy. These principles are drawn from moral ideas and theories of what it means to embed a diversity culture. Likewise, organizations must execute cross-cultural connections. Consequently, organizations must provide leadership and financial and human resources to achieve a culture of diverse thoughts, ideas, and most importantly, people.
Service Learning as a Foundation to Advance Socially-Just Scholarship
Authors: Hos Rabia
Published: August 2023

What exactly is service learning (SL)? Is it a pedagogy? A philosophy? A practice? What is its potential for change? Can it change someone's perspective? Can it be transformative? Who benefits from SL? What are the limitations and potentials of SL? Can it be sustained? This chapter examines these questions, lays the foundation for conceptualizing what SL is (and is not), and provides the groundwork for the rest of the book. This chapter will focus on (1) the general and our co-constructed definition of SL, (2) the contribution of SL to faculty and graduate students' scholarly identities, and (3) lessons learned from the experiences of SL with graduate students and the implications for other programs.
Service-Learning in a Free Clinic
Authors: DeBonis Ruselle
Published: August 2023

The focus of the chapter is the effect of service-learning at a free clinic on healthcare students' attitudes toward their low-income patients. A free clinic was established to provide a service-learning experience for nurse practitioner students. The service requirement addresses the lack of clinical experience with low-income patients for whom health outcomes are disproportionately poor. Survey results and reflections of students demonstrated significant learning and attitudinal change. Major lessons learned include how living in chronic need affects its members' cultural view, how important this is in providing effective care, and the impact of poverty on social determinants. Among other benefits, the clinic provides collaborative practice, diversity experience, and a vehicle for research and evidence-based practice with underserved populations. The chapter includes advice on establishing a school-affiliated free clinic as an essential part of healthcare education.
Doctoral Students as Critical Community Contributors Within Their University
Authors: Bellnier Karen
Published: August 2023

This chapter explores how service learning experiences with the university as a community partner can contribute to doctoral students' scholarly growth and professional identity development. By engaging in service learning experiences within their institution, doctoral students build the capacity to be critical contributors to institutional growth and change. Doctoral students pursuing academic careers benefit from socialization into an academic culture by interacting, collaborating, and reflecting with university community members in mutually beneficial service learning opportunities rather than transactional interactions such as assistantships. Institutions and doctoral programs will benefit from considering how to incorporate the service learning principles of active engagement, collaboration, and reflection intentionally into their students' experiences.
Sustainable Development and Tourism
Authors: Salazar-Echeagaray Julieta E. , Salazar-Echeagaray Teresa I. , Vargas-Hernandez José G.
Published: August 2023

This chapter exposes a theoretical methodology focused on the importance of sustainable development in the tourism sector. It remarks on the paramount importance of environmental care to protect the ecosystems in which the touristic centers are situated to promote the environmental care in the people who live there, the employees of the tourist centers, and the tourists.
Antique Bookstore Marketing Strategies as Urban Cultural Landmarks
Authors: Xu Chenyang , Lam Apple Hiu Ching , Gao Xuechen , Chiu Dickson K. W.
Published: August 2023

Antique bookstores record the history of urban development and are crucial for urban cultural construction. Traditional business models can no longer meet antique bookstores' survival needs in the digital era. Thus, this study investigates a traditional physical bookstore, Suzhou Antique Bookstore, as the case to re-examine its functions and values as an urban cultural landmark, proposing a new sort of sustainable niche cultural tourism. Based on interviews, the authors discuss the pros and cons of the bookstore's current position using the STP model and the 7Ps marketing mix. Despite the current strategies, there is still room for improvement in digital trends. As an urban cultural benchmark, they suggest three transformation strategies for the bookstore: product selection, experience creation, and media joint. Scant studies have proposed insights into the sustainable development of antique bookstores from the perspective of urban cultural construction, especially in Asia.
Serial Killer Tourism
Authors: Tevely Titanilla Virág , Papp-Váry Árpád Ferenc
Published: August 2023

Dark tourism consists of a wide range of subsections, and this chapter focuses on a less explored part of it, serial killer tourism. The demand side's fascination with death and murderers from led to diverse tourism offer types, such as museums and walking tours. This research gives an overview of these attractions and an answer to why people are visiting them. To understand the topic, three research questions were formed: What is the reason behind serial killer tourism? What type of attractions are the most attractive? and What is the attitude of the consumers. Based on the research, visitors want to be educated, to prepare to face the dark reality, but also want to be entertained. By exploring this topic, tourism professionals will get insight into the visitors' motivations, how and who to promote these attractions, and how to develop new tourism products.
Review of Antenna Performance Based on Metamaterials
Authors: Somwanshi Devendra Kumar
Published: August 2023

The study of metamaterials has experienced rapid growth, particularly with the discovery of left-handed metamaterials. One promising technology for controlling electromagnetic waves in small structures is transmission-line metamaterial (TL-MTM), which can accurately determine various parameters, such as working frequency, bandwidth, and phase offsets. Antennas are essential components for receiving and transmitting signals in RF systems. Although the microstrip antenna is a popular choice due to its low cost and ease of manufacturing, it is limited in terms of size and frequency range. In this chapter, more than 100 papers are reviewed based on their methodology and performance to discuss various techniques for improving antenna performance, such as the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) and metamaterials. The insights presented in this chapter will aid in identifying, analyzing, and synthesizing the latest developments in the field of metamaterials.
Performance Analysis of SSRR in High-Speed Terahertz Antenna for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Britto Elizabeth Caroline , Danasegaran Sathish Kumar , Sagadevan K.
Published: August 2023

Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer causing 1 of 8 cancer diagnoses globally. In the year 2020, there were approximately 2.3 million newly diagnosed cases and 0.685 million deaths from this disease. In order to avoid these, it is mandatory to detect breast cancer in the early stage. In breast cancer detection, terahertz (THz) technology is a promising technology that will not affect the skin due to heavy radiation and offers enhanced breast detection capability. The proposed THz antenna is based on a square-shaped split ring resonator (SRR) which helps to detect the tumor in the breast of the woman. The proposed square SRR antenna resonates at 2 THz with a return loss of -66.55 dB as the maximum and a VSWR of 1.0005. The square SRR structure produced the maximum gain of 8.721 dBi with 8.734 dB directivity. The designed antenna is suitable for biomedical fields such as detecting tumors, body scanner, and various THz applications.
Patterns of Orphan Pupils' Misbehavior in the Classroom and Ways of Effective Classroom Management
Authors: Sharmin Rubaiya
Published: August 2023

Orphan children are regarded as vulnerable because they lack parental support. By ensuring all forms of care, including educational support, the SOS Children's Village offers an ideal family environment for orphan children. In spite of providing extensive educational facilities, the teachers faced difficulties in case of classroom management. Therefore, this qualitative study aims to explore the patterns of misbehaviors of orphan children in the classroom and the factors influencing these misbehaviors. This study also explores the effective ways of classroom management in the post-pandemic period. Convenience sampling was conducted to collect data via FGD from five teachers of primary level and key informant interviews with two educational experts. Moreover, two classes of primary level were observed. Thematic data analysis was conducted to classify the data under three themes namely- patterns of misbehavior, causes of misbehavior and the ways of effective classroom management. The findings may be utilized by curriculum experts, teachers, teacher trainers and policymakers.
A Document Analysis of the School Code of Conduct for Learners With a Case Study of Selected Primary Schools in Tembisa, Gauteng Province
Authors: Kubeka Welcome Mswazi
Published: August 2023

For the schools to manage the behaviors of learners, each one of them had to develop a school code of conduct that the school governing body should adopt. This chapter aims to provide the perceptions of the principals, deputy principals, heads of the departments, educators, and school governing bodies on the school code of conduct for learners. It also provides the content analysis of the school code of conduct for learners to determine if what is expected from the school code of conduct is happening in practice. The data was collected from 30 primary schools. The main finding of the study is that in some instances there were contrasting perceptions of the participants concerning the school code of conduct for learners and the content analysis of the school code of conduct. This indicates that there is no “fit” between policy and practice.
Empowering Students With Ideological and Political Education and Bridging the Gap in Modern Democracies' Ideological Division
Authors: Canova Riccardo , Ma'rof Aini Azeqa
Published: August 2023

This book chapter explores the vital role of ideological and political education in empowering school students to bridge the growing gap of ideological division within modern democracies. In an era marked by diverse perspectives and polarized beliefs, the need to foster understanding, empathy, and critical thinking among young citizens has never been more crucial. The chapter delves into the significance of providing students with a comprehensive education that equips them with the knowledge and tools to navigate complex political landscapes and engage in constructive dialogue with those holding differing ideologies. This chapter highlights the potential impact of empowering students with a well-rounded ideological and political education to foster cohesion, tolerance, and unity in diverse societies. Through this exploration, educators, policymakers, and concerned citizens gain insights into the transformative potential of ideological and political education as a means to build a more cohesive and harmonious future for modern democracies.
Building an Integrative Framework for Prejudice Reduction in Schools
Authors: Zaremohzzabieh Zeinab , Ahrari Seyedali , Abdullah Haslinda
Published: August 2023

Prejudice and discrimination continue to persist within school environments, creating barriers to inclusive and equitable education. Addressing this issue requires a comprehensive and multifaceted approach that incorporates various strategies. This chapter presents an integrative framework for prejudice reduction in schools from a social-psychological perspective. Drawing upon key theories and research in social psychology, the framework proposes a holistic approach that combines individual-level interventions, intergroup contact, and institutional practices. The purpose of this study is to provide a review of the existing models on the subject and also to present a comparative analysis of the models that may contribute to ways of understanding the investigation of prejudice in schools.
Education Reform to Attain SDG4
Authors: Haidi Hamizah , Jaidin Jainatul Halida
Published: August 2023

This chapter explores a small country's efforts to achieve the fourth United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG4). Many nations, including Brunei, strive to offer high-quality education. In doing so, policies and strategies have been introduced and put into effect in order to accomplish SDG4 targets. By thematically analysing educational policies and mapping them to all SDG4 targets, the current study sheds light on Brunei's progress toward SDG4. Overall, the findings indicate that Brunei is making steady strides toward providing high-quality education. It is also interesting to note that Brunei advanced despite the COVID-19 outbreak by implementing policies that ensure equitable access. In conclusion, through initiatives and ongoing partnerships, the Ministry of Education will work methodically and thoroughly to meet SDG4 targets by 2030, which calls for high-quality education as the basis of sustainable development and better living conditions. The discussion of findings in this chapter may assist policymakers identify policies that can close gaps in meeting SDG4 targets.
Microaggressions and Equity in the Workplace
Authors: Ayari Asma
Published: August 2023

Microaggressions are small slights, insults, or dismissive actions that members of marginalized or underrepresented groups have to deal with daily. Even though these things may seem minor or unimportant, they can impact the person who gets them and make the workplace hostile and unwelcoming. Many workplaces have microaggressions, which can hurt people's mental health, happiness at work, and overall health. Also, research has shown that microaggressions can hurt people from underrepresented groups, like people of colour and women, more than others, which can worsen workplace inequality. They can also contribute to a hostile and unwelcoming work environment that makes employees less productive, more likely to miss work, and less happy. Microaggressions can be done on purpose or by accident. Even though they are small, research has shown that they significantly impact employees' mental health, job satisfaction, and overall well-being. The exposure to microaggressions can change how employees see the organization, making them less loyal and trusting.
Leadership Strategies and Tactics for Diversity, Equality, and Inclusion Determinants of Organization Effectiveness
Authors: Rudnev Evgeny
Published: August 2023

The chapter addresses the issue of diversity and equity at the group and individual levels in an organization and presents a classification of the determinants of organizational effectiveness–trust, choice of strategy for work with personnel, involvement, and work at individual level. Particular attention is paid to issues of involvement and work of management with staff, decision-making, and personnel policy issues that ensure diversity, equality, and inclusion, as well as properties on strategic development of organization.
Inclusive Leadership
Authors: Rodriguez Humberto Javier
Published: August 2023

This approach is eminently humanistic and places the person at the center of all action, because it recognizes that each person is valuable and has talent—therefore, it is necessary to identify and create conditions for it to flourish. Each person must be respected, regardless of their origin, ability, or identity. In consequence, all educational systems and schools must be creative in the face of diversity, responding with quality and equity, and avoiding discrimination and exclusion in schools. That is why there is a need for strong inclusive leadership. This is possible because of an environment of shared purpose and teamwork, so relationships are ascending, descending, and moving laterally due to the collaborative culture. It is also considered as a shared function that exercises collegiality and collaboratively.
Appropriating Zoom to Provide Access to One-to-One Writing Support
Authors: Harwood Chris
Published: August 2023

This chapter explores the design and deployment of online writing centers (OWCs) to cater to the evolving needs of diverse undergraduate and graduate student populations. Leveraging platforms such as ZOOM, OWCs provide effective writing support, especially for individuals facing challenges with in-person services. The chapter discusses the historical integration of technology in writing centers, writing center pedagogy, and highlights ZOOM's pedagogical benefits. It also emphasizes the significance of webforms for streamlining administrative processes and supporting self-regulated learning. Insights regarding how to engage students in writing consultations are discussed alongside the evaluation of the effectiveness of OWCs in beta testing. The purpose of the chapter is to empower educators in establishing OWCs in their contexts, which are tailored to promote accessibility and effective online learning for their students.
Activity Design for Students With Visual Disabilities Through an Auditive Notification and Voice Response Interface
Authors: Alcaraz Valencia Pablo A. , Gaytán-Lugo Laura S. , Salazar Martha Elizabeth Evangelista
Published: August 2023

This chapter introduces the conceptualization of an educational task tailored for students who have visual impairments, utilizing audio notification and a voice-responsive interface. The design process employed the activity-centered design (ACD) methodology, which centers around the users and their specific requirements and context. This iterative approach facilitated the creation of a prototype device called “The Surfer Pad,” specifically engineered to aid individuals with visual disabilities in navigating audio-based activities such as audio instructions, audiobooks, and thought-provoking queries. However, further investigation is necessary for future endeavors, including 1) conducting evaluations of The Surfer Pad with people with visual disabilities, and 2) assessing the listening comprehension skills of individuals with visual impairments while fostering critical thinking and the analysis of audio content.
Exploring the Intersection of Digital Innovation and Educational Reform
Authors: Panda Subhajit , Kaur Navkiran
Published: August 2023

This study provides a comprehensive exploration of augmented reality (AR) in education, examining its benefits, applications, social implications, ethical considerations, and future directions. The objective of the study is to highlight the potential of AR as a transformative technology in educational settings. The findings reveal that AR offers numerous benefits in education, including enhanced student engagement, improved learning outcomes, personalized learning experiences, and collaborative interaction. The social implications of AR in education encompass equality, accessibility, and social engagement, while ethical considerations involve privacy, security, and pedagogical adaptation. Despite challenges like the digital divide and teacher training, AR offers opportunities and positive outcomes in education. Collaboration and research investment are crucial for advancing AR integration in education. AR has the potential to create immersive learning environments that cater to diverse student needs, enhancing their educational experiences.
ChatGPT and Its Impact on Tertiary Education in Malaysia
Authors: Sinnappan Glaret Shirley , Kolandaisamy Raenu , Rajamanickam Leelavathi
Published: August 2023

The emergence of AI chatbots has caused a significant shift in the tertiary education landscape, and there is a growing belief that these chatbots can accelerate the pace of higher education transformation. ChatGPT, as an AI chatbot, has the potential to be integrated into various levels of teaching and learning. It is believed that ChatGPT can play a crucial role in shaping the future of higher education in a rapid and significant manner. The objective of this chapter is to investigate the influence of ChatGPT on tertiary education in Malaysia. This study examines the positive and negative impacts of ChatGPT on tertiary education, which were determined based on the Malaysian context, through expert voting among nine Malaysian academics from government and private higher education institutions. Data was collected through a Fuzzy Delphi technique to obtain expert opinions from a focused group and using an online survey. The results highlight the positive and negative effects of ChatGPT on tertiary education in Malaysia.
Renewable Energy Resilience
Authors: Mahama Abdul Jalil , Mumin Mubarik Abdul
Published: August 2023

This study explores the impact of political stability on the United Arab Emirates' (UAE) sustainable energy transition. It highlights how political stability enables long-term planning, policy continuity, investment attraction, and public acceptance of renewable energy. The study employed quantitative methodology, using the Phillips-Perron (PP) unit root test for stationarity assessment, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration test to confirm long-term relationships, and the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) technique proposed by Phillips and Hansen to investigate the relationships between the variables in the empirical model. The findings emphasize a positive correlation between political stability and the UAE's progress in diversifying its energy mix and embracing renewable sources. The research underscores the significance of political stability as a catalyst for a sustainable energy transition.
Domestic Policies for Sustainable and Economic Development in Countries With Emerging Economies
Authors: Raygoza-L. María E. , Jiménez-Sánchez Roxana , Orduño-Osuna Jesús Heriberto , Mercado-Herrera Abelardo , Bravo-Zanoguera Miguel E. , Limón-Molina Guillermo M , Cota-Rivera Ivette , Bonilla-García Diego , Murrieta-Rico Fabian N. N.
Published: August 2023

The current era of globalization has exacerbated the problem of climate change, affecting all ecosystems, The anthropogenic footprint has been the leading cause of the current environmental impact on the planet, and socioeconomically developed countries have implemented various strategies to mitigate the environmental impact of anthropogenic damage on marine and terrestrial ecosystems. The two main challenges are environmental protection and education. It is necessary to develop a linkage between education, government, society, and industry to address climate change as the principal measure for creating programs with international reach. Governmental and educational institutions must develop quality educational policies. The implementation of a triad between public institutions, private institutions, and education, which collaborate with society and the government through programs that integrate institutional internal plans and programs with economic support for the incorporation of public educational policies, the promotion of R&D projects.
The Contribution of Values Education to Increasing Disaster Awareness of Primary School Students
Authors: Tastan Bekir
Published: August 2023

Disasters cause great damage worldwide every year. A conscious and scientific strategy should be used to reduce the damage. Disaster management ensures the successful completion of the process. If people want to manage disasters properly, they must act diligently at every stage of disaster management. These tasks can be fulfilled by vigilant, responsible, and educated individuals. Disaster awareness can be increased with the support of education. Primary school is the most memorable period of education. In this period, disaster education is not included in the curriculum. Teaching values in the curriculum can play an important role in increasing disaster awareness in this period. This study shows how values education and disaster awareness are integrated in primary schools. In the first part of the study, disasters are mentioned. In the following sections, the contribution of disaster education and values education to disaster awareness is discussed.
Citizenship Education Courses in Primary Schools in Modern Turkey (1920s-1950s)
Authors: Gümüşel Günseli , Nurdan Gülçin Tuğba
Published: August 2023

According to Mustafa Kemal, salvation is possible only through national education. The consciousness of freedom should be taught in schools. Teachers also had duties on the path to national awakening and organization. After the Grand National Assembly was established in Ankara, the government gave the students and teachers the task of enlightening Turkish people. The idea was that future generations should be raised with a national, scientific, and secular education to protect Türkiye's independence and strengthen the republic regime. The feelings of virtue, self-sacrifice, order, discipline, and self-confidence should be reinforced in the new generation. The “citizenship education at primary school,” which the intellectuals of constitutionalism focused on within the scope of the “new man-new society” project, constituted an important dimension of nation-building. In this study, citizenship education courses with different names such as Citizenship, Homeland, Malumat-ı Vataniye, etc. will be evaluated by using official course books from the 1920s to 1950s in the Republic of Türkiye.
Value Education in Elementary Ages
Authors: Sayan Hamiyet
Published: August 2023

Value education is the teaching and learning of values as empathy, respect, responsibility, etc. in schools. It aims to feed moral development and ethical advances to array students and equip them with the skills to navigate complex social situation. As an important part of education, value education is interested in developing moral values and ethics of the students. It also helps these students develop understanding and evaluating of the importance of these values like respect, honesty, empathy, and the like. They understand how to manage and live satisfactory quality lives.
COVID-19 Crisis and EU Economic Policy
Authors: Ozouni Eirini , Dimitriadis Dimitris , Lyratzopoulou Domna
Published: August 2023

The corona crisis hit the European countries under great differentiation. The South European countries have not yet fully recovered from the previous systemic crisis of 2008. The COVID-19 crisis affected initially employment giving rise to one more deep global recession due to a supply shock. Despite of the fact that this crisis has a larger geographical scale, the structural differences among the EU economies, the uneven negative effects of the crisis of 2008, as well as different coping policies intensify the economic divergence. The chapter aims to detect the effects of fiscal consolidation measures/economic adjustments taken at EU level, under the 2008 economic crisis, to the impending economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. By defining COVID-19-effect economic indexes and also using cross-section OLS estimation in EU 27 countries, the authors try to detect whether the previous economic adjustments taken at EU level did affect the COVID-19 economy, especially in the countries under fiscal policy surveillance after the crisis of 2008.
Role of Financial Inclusion on Economic Growth
Authors: Pandey Jai Prakash , Kaur Gurpreet
Published: August 2023

The objective of the study is to analyze the effect of financial inclusion on the economic growth of the nation. The report of the World Bank indicates more than 1.6 billion adults to be unbanked globally as of February 2021. Women, deprived, and poor people of rural areas constitute a major portion of the unbanked population. The purpose of financial inclusion is to eliminate all obstacles, both on demand as well as supply side, to aid the deprived people for improved livelihood and eventually emanate in line with the mainstream of the economy to contribute towards sustainable growth. This study presents a comprehensive review of economic growth and financial inclusion. After examining the facts and figures, it can be established that financial inclusion plays a vital role for the economic growth and thereby social development of the community. Financial inclusion inculcates a habit of savings. It will intensify financial wealth and better fund management, which in-turn promotes trade and economic progression.
AI-Generated Wealth Distribution and IP Protection
Authors: Tzimas Themistoklis
Published: August 2023

The chapter examines the relationship between AI- generated wealth and IP protection. It examines the existing and potential impact of AI on the economic circuit in terms of wealth creation and redistribution. It also examines the potentially disruptive impact of AI on labor market and social equality. On the basis of such potential impact, it addresses the role of intellectual property norms and the need to re- visit them, on the grounds of AI expanding autonomy and the need for a public compensatory scheme for the disruptions that AI brings in the labor market.
A Systematic Study of Services and Security Model in Cloud Computing
Authors: Kansal Mrignainy , Singh Pancham , Singh Manoj Kumar , Varshney Sanskar
Published: August 2023

Cloud computing is a technical model with on-demand network access, delivering various types of services, providing resources such as memory storage, applications, networking, databases, servers, etc. All these resources always keep with us but with one condition: “the internet.” The major purpose of this chapter is to know the security and services requirements and their solutions in a cloud computing environment. This rigorous research extensively explores the complex relationship between service delivery and security. It also looks at the issues and potential fixes for providing services that are trustworthy, efficient, and safe. Because of the accelerated pace of technological advancement, the networked nature of systems, and the rising reliance on internet services, the potential of threats and vulnerabilities has increased significantly. After that, the authors focus on what types of services are given in the cloud where each type of service provides different options like efficiency, accessibility, savings, flexibility, opportunity, innovation, and many more.
Crop Disease Prediction Using Deep Learning Algorithms
Authors: Singh Pancham , Kansal Mrignainy , Singh Manoj Kumar , Kumar Sachin , Dwivedi Anupam
Published: August 2023

Good crops yield good food which in turn nourishes the human body and mind. But these crops across the globe face the threat of various diseases that remain unidentified, leading to poorer quality and quantity of crops. But, in recent times, the increasing adoption of smartphones worldwide and current developments in image processing of computers enabled by deep models of learning have made smartphone-based disease detection possible. In this chapter, the authors train a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) model to recognize 18 crop species and 28 diseases by feeding it a pre-available dataset of 70,296 photographs of unhealthy and healthy crop leaves taken under control. On a sustained test set, the trained model shows up to 99% accuracy, proving the feasibility of the method.
Anti-Cancer Properties of Medicinal Herbs and Their Phytochemicals
Authors: Georrge John J.  , Chhatrodiya Devi J. , Kamdar Jignesh H. , Kapadiya Khushal M. , Jasani Mital D.
Published: August 2023

For decades, natural products, particularly plant-derived secondary metabolites, have been used to treat various chronic conditions, including cancer. Although various medicines are available to treat different types of cancers, no drug is found to be fully efficient and safe as an anticancer therapy. But plants and plant-derived products are effective and secure in treating various cancer. Different plants have been identified as potential anticancer agents like Camellia sinensis, Catharanthus roseus, Curcuma longa, Datura metel, Embelia ribes, Matricaria chamomilla, Momordica charantia, Nelumbo nucifera, Ocimum sanctum, etc. Besides, several plant-derived anticancer compounds that work effectively against various cancers have been isolated and characterised, like Taxol, camptothecin, and vinblastine. The present chapter focuses on the anticancer application of different medicinal plants and their phytochemicals. In addition, different treatments and modes of action of various phytochemicals have been discussed.
Anti-Cancer Activities of Natural Products
Authors: Giri Nitai Charan , Patro Bhanja Prasad , Verma Vishal
Published: August 2023

Natural products are gaining more attention for their pharmaceutical activities. These activities include anti-angiogenic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, etc. Studies have shown that natural products can enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy. In some cases, natural products can also alleviate some of the side effects of chemotherapeutic agents. In this chapter, anticancer activities of various natural products (e.g., camptothecin, curcumin, myricetin, geraniin, tocotrienols, vinblastine, vincristine, etc.) will be discussed. The mode of action of these natural products (epigenetic modification, modulation of oxidative stress, etc.) will also be highlighted.
Pharmaceutical Benefits of Natural Products
Authors: Gopalappa Ranjitha , Vijendra Poornima D. , Kenchappa Pratap G. , Vadlapudi Kumar
Published: August 2023

Angiogenesis is the process by which new blood vessels are created from existing endothelial cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the primary regulator of endothelial cells (ECs), which are the biological components of freshly created capillaries. The drugs currently available are synthetic or humanised monoclonal antibodies, which are toxic and expensive. Natural therapies and compounds originating from plants, aquatic animals, and microbes are already being used to enhance conventional treatment for a variety of angiogenic illnesses, including cancer. The EGF, VEGF receptor, protein kinases, cyclooxygenase-2, HER2/neu gene, Bcl-2, coagulation pathways and nuclear factor kappa-B are among the molecular pathways addressed by natural products. Plant substances like spices, vegetables, fruits, and medicinal plants have anticancer activities. The current state of knowledge on tumor angiogenesis' molecular targets and the active compounds from natural sources that have been shown to inhibit cancer angiogenesis.
Anti-Angiogenic Activities of Natural Compounds From Plant Sources
Authors: Christyraj Jackson Durairaj Selvan , Rajagopalan Kamarajan , Kadalpandian Pavithra , Raja Leela Bharathi , M. Almas Vaseena , M. Genga Eswari
Published: August 2023

Angiogenesis is a major common factor for regeneration and cancer biology. Many chemical compounds used for anti-angiogenesis activity are reported, but notably the active chemical compounds of plants give an equal benefit with less side effects than chemical compounds. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) are one of the angiogenesis markers, many derivatives are reported for has VEGF and PDGF inhibitory effects. Various anti-angiogenic agents have developed by the technological advances for possible antiangiogenic therapy, example in drug industry, lichen, and their secondary metabolites such as usnic acid, barbatolic acid, vulpinic acid, olivetoric acid, emodin, secalonic acid D, and parietin. Notably, the positive effects of conventional chemotherapy can be reinforced by the metronomic model of traditional chemotherapy, because the herbal compounds effective reactivity with angiogenesis of cancer. In this chapter, the authors have covered the advancements and pharmaceutical benefits of natural products towards Anti-angiogenic activity.
Digital Literacy and E-Governance Adoption for Service Delivery in Cross River State Civil Service
Authors: Inakefe Gabriel Inakefe , Bassey Virtue Uduak , Ikeanyibe Okey Marcellus , Nwagboso Chris Iwejuo , Agbor Uno Ijim , Ebegbulem Joseph , Mbonu Frank Ifenna , Ike George Ugochukwu
Published: August 2023

The study used a case study technique to investigate why the implementation of e-governance and ICT in government service provisioning has not resulted in a commensurate improvement in service delivery in Cross River State, Nigeria. It specifically investigates the effect of in-service training on civil servants' digital literacy, the consequent impact of e-governance implementation, and service delivery. The study finds that there was inadequate in-service training, which was partly caused by the cognitive disposition of civil servants who did not fully cooperate with the implementation of the e-governance reform. The study aligns with existing theories of institutional and organisational change which requires that organisational change requires realignment of beliefs and behavioral norms of organization members. The study recommends that the implementation of e-governance can only yield better results in effective service delivery if the civil servants are made to accept the reform and their digital literacy levels are significantly enhanced through appropriate in-service training.
Forecasting and Inventory Planning for Irregular Demand Patterns
Authors: Kalaya Phattaraporn , Termsuksawad Preecha , Wasusri Thananya
Published: August 2023

Medicine inventory in hospitals always faces either shortages or expired medication problems due to irregular demand. This work proposes three management approaches and compares their performances, including the Croston method, a combination of exponential and Poisson distribution (EPD), and the average inter-demand interval combined with average demand (AAD) were studied with the order-up-to-level policy. The exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart was used with some forecasting methods. Service level and average inventory were used to evaluate the performance of each approach. The study showed that the service level of each approach depended on the demand pattern characteristics. When the variance of demand and average demand were very high, the highest service level was found from the AAD with the EWMA approach. The Croston method was found more effective when the demand variability was relatively low, and demand appeared occasionally. Applying the EWMA increased the average inventory and service level when the AAD method was used.
A Review on Convergence Analysis of Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Tarekegn Dereje , Tilahun Surafel , Gemechu Tekle
Published: August 2023

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is one of the popular nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms. It has been used in different applications. The convergence analysis is among the key theoretical studies in PSO. This paper discusses major contributions in the convergence analysis of PSO. A systematic classification will be used for the review purpose. Possible future works are also highlighted as to investigate the performance of PSO variants to deal with COPs through theoretical perspective and general discussions on experimental results on merits of the proposed approach.
Application of New Important Materials
Authors: Petrović Vesna , Gavanski Dušan , Savić Branko , Dumitru Mnerie
Published: August 2023

The results of research into new materials are increasingly pushing the boundaries of science and technology. For some of the materials, such as polymers, composites and nanomaterials, new knowledge is expected in the future. However, new knowledge is also being gained in the case of metal alloys, which were considered to have been fully investigated. Thus, in 2018, new knowledge emerged about materials that are believed to be able to significantly influence many areas of modern society. They include seven completely different materials such as polymers, nanocomposites, and metal alloys. The materials are Wood Sponge – the greener way to clean up oceans; the strongest bio-material – stronger than steel and its biodegradable; self-healing material – it does it without external stimulant; Platinum Gold Alloy – matching Diamond in wear resistance; Silicon X – better than the original; Indefinitely recyclable plastics – making a case for the future of plastics; and Glass coating that can block sunlight. In this paper, an overview of knowledge about them is given, and their application characteristics are highlighted.
Development of Magnetic Nanocomposites by Mechanical Grinding Technique
Authors: Ştefan Iulian , Savu Sorin Vasile , Baloșin Ionel , Midan Angelo , Sîrbu Nicuşor Alin
Published: August 2023

Nanocrystalline materials have different properties compared to materials with microcrystalline grains. Nanocomposites, as a subdivision of nanomaterials, have different magnetic properties for each individual constituent. In the paper, a series of nanocomposite materials from the sphere of W ferrites are developed by mechanical grinding. Mixtures of commercial BaO and α-Fe2O3 powders, in the micron range, were used. The commercial powders were mechanically ground in order to reach the nanometric range. The use of suitable grinding parameters for ceramic powders led to the discovery of the nanometric range in a not very long time. An important parameter, which was used in the current research, was wet grinding which is a more suitable method for obtaining finer powders than dry grinding. Dividing the materials as finely as possible ensures a better reactivity due to the free valences of the ions on the surface of the granules and due to the fact that the number of contact points and the contact surface are much larger than in coarse-grained materials. The powders were unilaterally compacted, using a cylindrical die with an inner diameter of 15 mm. A resistive heating device was designed and built in order to assure the sintering process of the samples. Before resistive sintering, a thermal simulation of the heating process was carried out to see the distribution of the thermal field in the samples at different temperatures. According to the simulation, the optimal heating temperature was chosen. The sintered samples were analyzed from the point of view of the magnetic properties and it was found that the samples with the granulation in the nanometric range have higher magnetic characteristics than those in the micron range.
Laser - Produced Functional Surfaces of Silicon and Quartz
Authors: Mahmoud Muaath J. , Rasheed Bassam G.
Published: August 2023

Fiber laser of 1064 nm wavelength was employed for micro/nano machining process of silicon and quartz substrates. The experimental data reveal formation of silicon nanoparticles by pulse laser ablation in liquid. Various characterization techniques were used such as UV-Visible absorption, SEM morphology to examine silicon nanoparticles. Moreover, generation of microbeams from micro lens array was created by direct writing of fiber laser on quartz. Theoretical calculations using COMSOL software were adopted to estimate the surface temperature distribution at silicon and quartz surface and underneath. It is found that maximum temperature of about (4600 K) and (2400 K) for silicon and quartz respectively when 15 W laser power, 127 ns pulse duration, 30 KHz frequency and 100 mm/sec laser speed was used. Potential applications of silicon nanoparticles and microbeams array in optoelectronics and biological imaging can be conducted due to the controllable laser micro/nano machining process.