bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Information Organization and Information Retrieval in the LIS Curriculum: An Analysis of Course Syllabi
Authors: Dobreski Brian , Zhu Xiaohua , Ridenour Laura , Yang Tao
Published: May 2022

Within LIS education, information organization (IO) and information retrieval (IR) are two well-established, foundational, and conceptually interlinked areas of study. They have long maintained a strong presence in the core curriculum, through either dedicated or combined courses. Recent trends in LIS education have seen a greater reliance on a smaller, more condensed core, raising questions about the presence, role, and format of these foundational topics. This study aims to provide a clearer picture of how IO and IR currently manifest in the LIS core, along with which particular IO and IR topics are most prevalent. Through content analysis, course syllabi for 58 IO and/or IR related courses from 38 different, ALA-accredited LIS programs were examined. Course descriptions and schedules of topics were assessed using the ISO 5127 controlled vocabulary as an analytical framework. Findings revealed three main course types: IO dedicated courses, IR-related courses typically in the context of reference services, and combined courses that often presented IO and IR alongside other fundamental topics. Though dedicated courses showed little leveraging of topics from the other areas, combined courses leveraged topics from both IO and IR. Among all courses, the prevalence of the topics of access, classification, databases, and metadata suggests a common area of crossover among IO and IR. Overall, findings point toward greater diffusion of IO and IR content throughout the core curriculum while demonstrating the continuing relevance of these areas.
Participatory Design, Co-production, and Curriculum Renewal
Authors: Cossham Amanda , Irvine Jan
Published: May 2022

This article presents an illustrative and instrumental case study of participatory design and co-production as used in curriculum renewal for a bachelor’s degree in library and information studies (LIS). It outlines the process of constant review and reflection to improve the next round of development. The authors use the lenses of participatory design and co-production to shed light on the development of a completely new curriculum (syllabus) for a degree and three undergraduate qualifications. Drawing on their experience, organizational documentation, and the literature, they analyze the success of the development as collaborative engagement and co-production for improving practitioner–academic engagement, and for improving the quality and relevance of LIS qualifications to the professions. The advantages and disadvantages of using participatory design and co-production are discussed from the perspective of curriculum and course development, industry/profession involvement, and faculty needs, in the light of the higher education context in New Zealand. Despite the challenges of using these approaches, the process has been very positive for all the participants. Strong relationships have been developed with industry, and the program has benefitted from diverse perspectives.
AI and Ethics: Ethical and Educational Perspectives for LIS
Authors: Huang Carolin , Samek Toni , Shiri Ali
Published: May 2022

The growth of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has affected higher education in a dramatic way, shifting the norms of teaching and learning. With these shifts come major ethical questions relating to surveillance, exacerbated social inequality, and threats to job security. This article overviews some of the discourses that are developing on the integration of AI into the higher education setting, with focus on LIS and librarianship, considers the role of LIS and librarianship in intervening in the trajectory of AI in learning and teaching, and weighs in on the place of professional LIS ethics in relation to confronting AI-led technological transformations.
Using a Scaffolding Approach to Integrate the Information Cycle into a Library Instruction Course: A Review and Small Case Study
Authors: Stadler Derek , Rojas Alexandra , Perrenod William , Keyes Charles
Published: May 2022

Librarians at a community college in New York City identified that, unassisted, undergraduate students often find it difficult to categorize the various information formats they are locating and citing, such as a newspaper article, a book, a scholarly article, a blog or wiki entry, or a reference source. Due to their untrained approach defining formats and judging information, broader perceptions go unidentified, specific cues go unnoticed, and the value of information is not acquired. This review and small case study assessed how academic libraries implement the information cycle in library instruction and investigated techniques to determine the credibility of information sources. The information cycle is a sequence of learning based upon publication type. The small case study highlights how the authors developed a scaffolding approach to integrate the information cycle into a credit-bearing library instruction course. By receiving feedback and guidance from their instructor and classmates and analyzing the media progression of a newsworthy event, students develop an understanding of information and modify their heuristic approach toward identifying, evaluating, and using information.
Autobiography in the Audience: Emergent Dramaturgies of Loss inLost TogetherandForeign Radical
Authors: Stephenson Jenn
Published: May 2022

Cet article examine l’action participative de l’autobiographie dans l’auditoire dans deux performances présentées récemment. Les histoires privées sont transformées quand elles sont partagées avec le public, et des boucles itératives de question et réponse ouvrent les textes de la performance à la contingence, ce qui fait émerger une dramaturgie. Par ces expériences d’émergence, la pièce reformule notre compréhension du deuil. Est-il possible de compenser les pertes autobiographiques? L’acte autobiographique lui-même est-il un remède ou une trahison?
An Elastic Sort of Love: The PUSH.PULL of QTBIPOC Cabaret and Performance Online
Authors: Webber-Heffernan Shalon T.
Published: May 2022

Cet article revient sur le festival de performances virtuelles PUSH.PULL: Intersections of QTBIPOC Cabaret and Performance Art, qui s’est déroulé sur six mois pendant la pandémie de covid-19. Le festival mettait à l’affiche des évènements multidisciplinaires sondant les développements récents et intersectionnels dans les pratiques de performance et de cabaret d’artistes queers, trans, noir·e·s, autochtones, racialisé·e·s et fems aux corps et aux sexualités diverses. Ce compte rendu cherche à mettre en lumière l’éthos ontologique radical de la performance cultivé par les commissaires du festival – une politique sans complexe et libératrice de l’éros, de la joie et de la célébration de l’amour de soi grâce à des performances QTBIPOC –, en même temps que les difficultés et les limites attribuables à un public virtuel sur Zoom et aux formats de diffusion vidéo en continu.
Theatrical Calls to Climate Action: Excerpts of a Conversation
Authors: Christie Sheila , Osnes Beth , Geary David W. , Gupa Dennis D. , Garrett Ian , Hall Jordan , Welch Katie , Fanconi Kendra , Richards Kimberly Skye , Sharplin Scott
Published: May 2022

Cet article est extrait d’une discussion sur la performance et l’action en faveur du climat qui a eu lieu à l’occasion du colloque annuel de l’Association canadienne de la recherche théâtrale (ACRT), Partition/Ensemble 2020. Dix artistes, activistes et universitaires rapportent leur expérience de la performance comme outil dans la lutte contre les changements climatiques. Leurs difficultés et leurs tactiques sont abordées, des exemples détaillés d’actions climatiques théâtrales sont exposés et la nécessité pour les autres artistes et activistes d’employer les outils du théâtre et de la performance pour raconter les récits de la crise climatique est soulignée de manière pressante. L’article, qui rend compte de la lame de fond d’énergie créative consacrée à la crise climatique, servira du même coup d’inspiration à celles et ceux qui veulent mettre leurs talents artistiques au service de la lutte contre les changements climatiques.
The Coefficient of Refrigeration Performance and Stress-Assisted Magnetocaloric Effect in Meta-Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Bruno Nickolaus M.
Published: May 2022

Meta-magnetic shape memory alloys (MMSMAs) exhibit multi-physical couplings across a reversible first-order martensitic transition which leads to their potential applications in solid-state cooling, thermally or magnetically driven precision actuation, energy harvesting, and magnetic memory storage. Through their magneto-structural transitions and simultaneous transformation latent heat, MMSMAs are capable of the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) at two distinct operating temperatures (i.e., the critical martensitic transformation temperature and the ferromagnetic Curie point of either the austenite or martensite phase). In this study, the Refrigeration Capacity (RC) and Coefficient of Refrigeration Performance (CRP) in MMSMAs are shown to depend on the critical martensite transformation temperatures and, by extension, uniaxial mechanical stress. A loading sequence, namely the stress-assisted magnetic field-induced phase transformation (SAMFIT) is described, whereby mechanical stress and magnetic field are applied to an MMSMA specimen in sequence to effectively increase the thermal operating range and CRP for a single MMSMA composition.
Tuning Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Shape Memory Polymer Foams for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Marziya Hasan Sayyeda , Touchet Tyler , Maitland Duncan , Jayadeep Aishwarya
Published: May 2022

One application for shape memory polymers (SMPs) is a vessel occlusion plug for peripheral use. The SMP foam used for this device is a low-density material that actuates upon a heat stimulus from the patient's body temperature. The foam plug expands from a small, compressed geometry to a large, expanded plug that conforms to the shape of the cavity in which it is placed. This study explores a different approach to tuning foam thermal and morphological properties than what has been previously investigated. The authors tuned the morphological and thermo-physical properties of shape memory polyurethane/urea foams by adjusting the amount of water, a foaming additive, that was used during material fabrication. The results provide an additional tool for controlling SMP foam properties so that the material may be more suitable for a given application.
Effect of Pre-Strain, Temperature and Time on the Shelf Life Behavior of Nitinol
Authors: Kumar Parikshith K. , Huang Steve
Published: May 2022

Nitinol as a material is often considered stable at temperatures below 100 °C since these temperatures are significantly lower than the theoretical temperature range of [0.3-0.5] Tm (Tm = absolute melting temperature) at which temperature viscoplastic phenomena become active. However, when considering a constrained device, factors such as the peak pre-strain and the associated stress coupled with the exposed temperature and time may have a significant impact on the mechanical behavior of Nitinol. This in-turn can impact the performance and the shelf life of a constrained device. This effort investigates the effect of constant applied uniaxial strain (at different test temperatures over different exposure times) on the superelastic unloading response of Nitinol. To quantify this behavior on a more practical level, tests were conducted by constraining apical samples to different peak bending strains and exposed to an accelerated aging environment. The results from the testing suggest that the tensile response of the Nitinol is impacted by the strain and the time of dwell at a specific temperature under constrained conditions.
Comparison of Various Metallography Preparation Methods of Binary NiTi-shape Memory Alloy Specimens
Authors: Holm Christopher , Klonis Nefeli , Krieg Romina , Theiß Ralf , Dültgen Peter
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the results of different selected mechanical and electrolytic preparation methods are compared with regard to the successful visualization of Nitinol microstructure. The results indicate that a commonly specified preparation route may result in false microstructure and therefore in false interpretation of the material, its behavior, and its lifetime condition. An electrolytic preparation is defined that may provide superior metallographic sample preparation results for drawn NiTi materials.
A Phenomenological Model for the Anisotropic (Positive/Zero/Negative) Thermal Expansion in Shape Memory Alloys and its dependence on Phase Transformation and (Re)orientation of Martensite Variants
Authors: Zhang Mengqian , Baxevanis Theocharis
Published: May 2022

Thermal expansion (TE) is inherent material property and a critical design parameter in applications in which dimensional stability and/or thermal fatigue resistance over a wide range of temperatures are required. Examples include high precision instruments, satellite antennas, and optical instruments. Metallic materials that undergo martensitic transformation have been recently shown to exhibit tailorable bulk TE due to the TE anisotropy of the low-crystallographic-symmetry martensite lattice. In these materials, the TE anisotropy of bulk polycrystals can be exploited through martensite variant "orientation" upon deformation processing. This work proposes a constitutive model for tailoring the anisotropic CTE in shape memory alloys (SMAs) during martensite variant texturing, which is validated against experimental data from NiTiPd. A description of the evolution of the anisotropic macroscopic thermal expansion (TE) tensor of bulk shape memory alloys (SMAs) during phase transformation and martensite (re)orientation is proposed. Given that the tailorability of the TE of SMAs originates from the crystallographic TE anisotropy of the low-crystallographic-symmetry martensite, the TE tensor is approximated by a function of the oriented martensite volume fraction and the orientation direction unitary tensor. The proposed model is validated against recent experiments on tailoring TE through martensite orientation in a NiTiPd high temperature SMA. In those experiments, the TE tensor component in the loading direction of NiTiPd in the martensite state was shown to decrease with increasing inelastic strain induced by uniaxial tensile loading. According to the model, the TE tensor components in the transverse to the loading directions decrease with increasing tensile inelastic strain.
Variation of Material Properties in Tilt-Cast Cu-Al-Ni Alloy
Authors: Schelnberger Benjamin , Krieg Romina , Theiss Ralf , Dültgen Peter
Published: May 2022

Alloys based on CuAl have been a promising option for high-temperature SMAs (HTSMA) because of their procedural and cost advantages over NiTi-based high-temperature SMAs. Despite their excellent shape memory as well as phase stability at temperatures up to 250°C, their brittle behavior and the degradation of the shape memory effect under cyclic stress have provided obstacles to widespread application. While multiple remelting processes are often applied to avoid inhomogeneities in the production of these alloys, single step inductive melting is preferable in terms of productivity, especially for small alloy batches. The goal of this and consecutive work is to characterize, and reduce, the variation of material properties and microstructure in materials prepared by vacuum-induction melting of pure elements and tilt-casting. To this end, castings from pure metals with 5 target chemical compositions from Cu12.5wt.%Al4wt.%Ni to Cu13.2wt.%Al4wt.%Ni were prepared and characterized in terms of transformation temperatures and occurrence of martensitic phases. Samples taken from different positions in the casting were compared. Changes in microstructure with increased aluminum content of the alloy could be assessed in both metallographic and calorimetric analysis. Considerable consistency of transformation temperatures and phase composition in each individual casting, as well as between castings with identical parameters, could be achieved. This points to the high degree of homogenization that can be achieved, even with a single melting cycling and subsequent casting, using suitable induction melting parameters. The absence of oxide and carbide inclusions, despite potential reactions between nickel and the graphite of the crucible, is promising for future casting processes.
Wear and Tribology Behavior of Superelastic Ni-Ti Tubes under Fatigue Cycling in Compression
Authors: Cerar Jan , Jan Petra , Klemenc Jernej , Kalin Mitjan , Tušek Jaka
Published: May 2022

Compressive loading of shape memory alloys (SMA) is gaining considerable attention in recent years due to the improved fatigue life compared to tensile loading. This can be beneficial in applications such as dampers, actuators, and particularly elastocaloric cooling. SMA elements, however, tend to buckle under compressive loading and their stability can be enhanced by utilizing properly designed holders, i.e., structures that support SMA elements and prevent them from buckling. On the other hand, these supporting structures are in contact with SMA elements, which can cause wear and their premature failure, intensified by the lateral expansion of material under compression. In current literature, a majority of experiments are focused on reciprocating sliding wear of tungsten carbide or variations of bearing steel balls/discs/pins/rings on NiTi plates as well as on comparison of wear performance of NiTi with other materials. The aim of this present work is to theoretically and experimentally study tribological conditions between the tube and supporting element (bushing) and to find the most compatible material to NiTi in order to minimize wear, provide adequate structural support, and finally to enhance the overall fatigue behavior.
HEAT TRANSFER AT NATURAL CONVECTION OF VAN DER WAALS GAS
Authors: Avramenko A.A. , Kovetska Yu.Yu. , Dmitrenko N.P. , Skitsko O.I. , Plakhotnia L.V.
Published: May 2022

This paper focuses on a study of natural convection in a Van der Waals gas over a vertical heated plate. An approximate analytical solution of the problem was obtained using an integral method for momentum and energy equations. A simplified form of the van der Waals equation for real gases enabled estimating the effects of the dimensionless van der Waals parameters on the normalized heat transfer coefficient. The effects of the dimensionless Waa and Wab numbers on the normalized Nusselt number in the real gas compared to the ideal gas were estimated. The analysis of the calculation results showed that, with an increase in the Waa number (which characterizes the additional pressure in the real gas), the normalized Nusselt number increases. The effect of additional volume, which  shows in an increase in the Wab number, causes a deterioration in the conditions  interaction between gas molecules and the wall. This is accompanied by a decrease in the Archimedes force and flow rate in the boundary layer, which leads to a weakening of heat transfer in comparison with an ideal gas.
Recent Advances in Diesel-Biodiesel Blended with Nano-Additive as Fuel in Diesel Engines: A Detailed Review
Authors: Sule Ahmed , Latiff Zulkarnain Abdul , Abbas Mohammed Azman , Veza Ibham , Opia Anthony C.
Published: May 2022

Global emission of gases has increased rapidly due to higher combustion of fossil fuels arising from increasing world population which has led to a greater number of manufacturing industries and ‘on-road vehicle (ORV)’ users. Researchers have attributed cause of global warming to gases emissions which correspondingly lead to climate change with devastating repercussions. Currently, climate change is a general issue and world leaders have been tasked to cut down emissions of gases that directly affect the ecosystem and influence climate change. Biodiesel which is an alternative to fossil fuels face many challenges and to tackle some limitations with biodiesel researchers blends biodiesels in various proportional ratio to diesel fuel. This paper, therefore, concentrates on reviewing the use of additives specifically nano-additives by researchers recently to alter and boost desired characteristics in diesel-biodiesel fuel; it also examines the synthesis of nano-additives; challenges, and advances made. This paper further analysed, reviewed, and compared recent results from nano-additive use with respect to emissions, fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, and engine power, establishes the merits and demerits of diverse nano-additives, and finally presents a conclusive opinion on nano-additive usage with diesel fuels in diesel engines.
Strategy for Safe Passenger Transport during the COVID-19 Pandemic: From Review to Recommendation
Authors: Rusdjijati Retno , Subrata Sumarno Adi , Pambuko Zulfikar Bagus , Setiyo Muji , Noga Marcin
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic caused a large-scale disruption to countries worldwide particularly in road traffic changes and people mobility. To respond to this, a titanic amount of published studies had investigated those concerns. However, a study describing mitigation efforts relating to this pandemic in the transportation sector is scarce. On the other hand, the lack of coordination between transportation authorities, public transport operators, and passengers triggers complex issues including the accumulation of passengers at bus stations that potentially increase virus transmission. For this reason, this article intends to investigate and establish strategies for safe passenger transport. The finding of the article presented four basic strategies as follows: First, a coordinated response among stakeholders and government is needed to develop comprehensive policies. Second, coordinated demand management is required to maintain a balance between government policies and citizen demands. Third, provide health education on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to public transport crews. Fourth, protecting the passengers and maintaining trust in public transport services. Additionally, it is recommended to provide adequate infrastructure, perform regular check-ups (i.e. assessing body temperature before entering public transportation), provide up-to-date COVID-19 health alert, and implement health protocol. Also, when this pandemic is over, the use of fuel-based transportation needs to be reduced, especially for short trips. To optimize this strategy, the role of government and health authorities on the policy side is crucial. Also, a good response from public transport operators and passengers is the key to defeat the COVID-19 pandemic in the transportation area.
Development of Test Cycle for Centrifugal Clutch of CVT Driven Scooters Intended for Urban Traffic Conditions
Authors: Panchal Dhruv U. , Patel Bhavesh K.
Published: May 2022

The present study deals with the development of a test cycle for the centrifugal clutch of continuously variable transmission (CVT) driven scooters. Centrifugal clutch experiences different duty cycles during the usage of scooters in city traffic and highways during its lifetime. Since the friction characteristics of the centrifugal clutch are controlled by acquired factors, it is difficult to predict ideal friction characteristics under all conditions. The wear of friction lining increases due to heat generated in the clutch assembly because of the repeated “stick-slip” phenomena. Therefore, an attempt has been made for developing à new test cycle by keeping the engagement frequency as a reference. Road load data for three different riding conditions have been collected and analyzed. The developed test cycle has been automated on the centrifugal clutch test bench and a new set of clutch liners was tested thoroughly. The surface roughness, thickness, and wear of clutch liners have been observed and evaluated against the field vehicles. For the surface roughness, maximum deviations of 3.74%, 3.36%, and 2.16% have been observed for trailing, middle and leading sections of clutch liners respectively. For the thickness, maximum deviations of 3.06%, 2.59%, and 3.14% have been observed for trailing, middle and leading sections of clutch liners respectively. The developed test cycle demonstrates a good correlation with field use.
Early Pliocene bear Ursus thibetanus (Mammalia, Carnivora) from Priozernoe locality in the Dniester Basin (Moldova Republic)
Authors: Baryshnikov G.F. , Zakharov D.S.
Published: May 2022

The upper molar of a small ursid from Priozernoe locality in Moldova (the Trans-Dniester Region) incorporating remains of Moldavian faunal vertebrate complex (MN15) was found to belong to the Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus). This discovery ascertains the time of first appearance of U. thibetanus in Europe in the early Pliocene.
Species of the genus Stygnocoris from Russia and adjacent countries (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae)
Authors: Labina E.S.
Published: May 2022

Five Stygnocoris species from the territory of Russia and adjacent countries are keyed. Their distributions in Russia and adjacent countries, based on the collection of the Zoological Institute, St.Petersburg, are mapped. New synonymies are established: S. cimbricus (Gredler, 1870) = S. pilosulus (Thomson, 1870) = S. pygmaeus auct. (non R.F. Sahlberg); S. sabulosus (Schilling, 1829) = S. pygmaeus (R.F. Sahlberg, 1848).
New synonyms of Neottiglossa leporina and Eysarcoris ventralis (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Derzhansky V.V.
Published: May 2022

The following new synonymies are established: Neottiglossa leporina (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1830) = N. leporina valenciana Wagner, 1960 = N. irana Wagner, 1963; Eysarcoris ventralis (Westwood, 1837) = E. hispalensis Fuente, 1971 = E. confusus Fuente, 1971 = E. uniformis Fuente, 1971 = E. luisae Fuente, 1971.
Soumission dans les organisations liquides
Authors: Philippe Xavier , Meyer Vincent , Culié Jean-Denis
Published: May 2022

D’après le philosophe et sociologue Zygmunt Bauman, la société moderne liquide est celle de l’éphémère, de la dilution des liens sociaux et d’un rapport consumériste au travail. Hormis cette dernière dimension, la littérature organisationnelle n’a pas encore précisé le devenir du salarié dans un tel contexte. L’étude de l’œuvre romanesque et poétique de Michel Houellebecq nous permet de compléter et d’analyser de manière clinique la destinée du salarié liquide, prisonnier d’un présent sans cesse renouvelé au sein des organisations et où le seul moyen d’échapper à la solitude est de s’engager dans le cercle vicieux d’une consommation effrénée dont il est à la fois partie prenante et victime.
The Impact of Islamist Ideology on Turkish Foreign Policy and Its Casualty
Authors: Uzer Umut
Published: May 2022

Ideational change in the self-characterization of a state is bound to have repercussions on its domestic and foreign policy behavior. Consequently, the gradual but radical change that has been ongoing in Turkey in the past two decades has had a wide-ranging impact on the way Turkish foreign policy has been conducted. Whereas survival and protection of territorial integrity as well as a Western orientation were traditionally the main concerns of Turkish policy-makers, under the rule of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) (since 2002), there has been a partial Islamization of Turkish foreign policy especially with regard to liaisons with Israel and Palestine. This shift can be explained by the replacement of the Western Turkish state identity with an Islamic conservative outlook.
Mediated Scandals and Blame Game: Hina Rabbani Khar, the First Pakistani Woman F..
Authors: Amin Rooh Ul , Alam Muhammad Farooq , Ali Muhammad Qasim
Published: May 2022

Using media framing as the guiding lens and drawing on the insights from qualitative content analysis, this study explores Hina Rabbani Khar, Pakistan’s first female foreign minister’s mediated scandal, gendered portrayals, and their potential impact on the audience. The data comprises 59 news stories, articles, and broadcasts from different channels collected during the first 16 months of her tenure. Results show that the media seldom focused on political agenda; instead jeopardized Khar’s position, profiled her to be in illicit relationships with Bilawal Bhutto Zardari that eclipsed her political achievements. For the international media has been way ahead of the national media, their preferences of sustaining gender polarities,therefore, transcend geographical boundaries. Change in the media’s approach of the women politicians’ coverage (especially those elevated to higher political positions) is, thus, desirable for confirming equitable media portrayals and accepting their position as equal to men in politics.
Blue Dust as a Conflict Narrative
Authors: Jan Ayesha , Shah Farooq , Islam Saddam Ul
Published: May 2022

When society is divided, based on social class, conflicts arise within society. People have person vs.person conflict, and they cannot have a proper relationship with other members of their society. Due to issues with other members, they cannot move forward and become alienated through the self-imaginative world. Such self-centeredness gives rise to person vs. self-conflict. People suffer mentally, physically, and psychologically.They always question their existence and are confused about life. They try to find an escape in different illusions.The solution lies in humanity. People must be treated on a human basis, then, people will live a happy life.
The Expansion of the Insurgency in the Erstwhile Tribal Areas of Pakistan
Authors: Khan Alamgir
Published: May 2022

The incident of 9/11 and its aftereffects profoundly affected the security situation in Pakistan. The US and NATO forces invasion of Afghanistan on October 7, 2001 led many Al-Qaeda and Taliban operatives to take refuge in the erstwhile tribal areas of Pakistan. Pakistan army conducted military operations against the militants, but militancy initially confined to the South Waziristan expanded to the rest of the tribal areas. The question of insurgency expansion has been discussed by various scholars, but this study advances a different explanation. Firstly, the military operations were not supported by an effective counter narrative against the insurgents. Secondly, the military operations were conducted in the area of limited statehood, which helped the insurgents to obtain the support of the people and contributed to the expansion of insurgency. This study enhances our understanding of insurgency expansion in the tribal areas and contributes to the existing literature by providing a different explanation.
The Doctrine of Use of Force in Self-defense and International Law: Prospects and Contours
Authors: Arif Sardar M.A. Waqar Khan , Bannian Bushra , Gardazi Syed Mudasser Fida
Published: May 2022

The law on “Use of Force in Self-Defense under International Law” aims to secure both state sovereignty and international peace. This is not only one of the most significant doctrines developed by the United Nations (UN) but is also most challenging to implement in true spirit as its interpretation often get spoliticised. The controversies spark not on the legality of self-defense but on proper identification of the circumstances under which it applies, and the debate continues till date (Azubuike, 2011). Hence changing interpretations of this norm by states continue to arise different response and threats every time this notion is applied. The present article is an effort to analyse the true meaning of the doctrine of "use of force (UOF) in self-defense (SD)”, it highlights the scope of SD, and examines its various aspects. The article concludes that while the principles on UOF in SD are very well drafted, there exist an immense need to understand the applicability of this norm, the willingness of states to exercise it in its true spirit, and collective effort by states, international organizations, and the UN can prove effective in this respect.
Автобіографічність роману «Майстер корабля» Ю. Яновського
Authors: Журба С. С.
Published: May 2022

Статтю присвячено дослідженню автобіографічності та автотематичності роману «Майстер корабля». Біографічні факти дозволили глибше розкрити специфіку художньої майстерності митця, висвітлення процесу творчості як засобу самовираження письменника.
Сакральна роль весільного танцю в романі «Солодка Даруся» М. Матіос
Authors: Журба С. С.
Published: May 2022

У статті досліджено сакральне значення весільного танцю у романі «Солодка Даруся» М. Матіос. Вказано, що гуцульський танець сповнений ритму, театральності, має ще й містичне значення – це закодований символ долі молодих.
Інтертекстуальні зв’язки малої прози Галини Пагутяк
Authors: Журба С. С.
Published: May 2022

У статті досліджено інтертекстуальні зв’язки новел та оповідань Галини Пагутяк. Алюзії, ремінісценції, метатекстуальність є важливим ключем для розкриття художнього світу творів письменниці й авторської інтерпретації образів.
Кітч в жанровій структурі роману С. Жадана "Депеш мод"
Authors: Онікієнко І. М.
Published: May 2022

У статті досліджуються деякі аспекти феноменології кітчу С. Жадана. Кітч розглядається як спосіб перекодування культурних знаків епохи 90-х років ХХ ст. Виокремлено три мікромоделі масової культури, презентовані релігійним, поп-культурним і політичним кітчем. Розкрито можливості кітчу в показі розриву мистецтва з релігією, етикою, політикою та механізми перетворення мистецтва й ідеологічних міфів на товар.
Козацька пісня крізь призму ідеї Івана Огієнка: «Служити народові, то служити Богові!»
Authors: Мельник Н. Г.
Published: May 2022

У статті досліджуються тексти козацьких пісень. Особливу увагу присвячено образові козака, його розумінню ідеї служіння Богові. Специфіка українського народного світогляду, на яку вказував Іван Огієнко, яскраво відобразилася на світобаченні козака як соціально-психологічного типу, що увібрав у себе найістотніші риси української ментальності. Релігійність козака загалом спирається на дохристиянські вірування. Пісенні тексти насичені образами, котрі несуть у собі залишки міфологічної свідомості (кінь, сокіл, ворон, зозуля та ін.). Образ козака міфологізовано, гперболізовано (він фантастично сильний та витривалий, наділений наприродною силою). У свідомості козака, як найтиповішого представника українського народу, відбулося синтетичне поєднання язичницького та християнського світоглядів. Національний елемент часто заступався релігійним (борячись за віру, козаки боролися за права своєї національності), оскільки протягом ХVІ–ХVІІ ст. церква залишилася єдиним національним осередком. У народному розумінні ідея служби Богові нерозривно пов'язана з ідеєю служби власному народові.
Активізація пізнавального інтересу майбутніх учителів музики як педагогічна умова їх саморозвитку в процесі навчання у ВНЗ
Authors: Бондаренко Анжеліка Володимирівна
Published: May 2022

У статті визначено педагогічну умову формування пізнавальної самостійності майбутніх учителів музики з використанням мультимедійних технологій та основи її впровадження в процес фахової підготовки студентів у вищому навчальному педагогічному закладі.
Теоретичні основи виховання морально-естетичної активності особистості
Authors: Ракітянська Людмила Миколаївна
Published: May 2022

У статті обґрунтовується актуальність окресленої проблеми. Досліджуються теоретичні основи виховання морально-естетичної активності особистості.
Професійно-педагогічна орієнтація виконавської підготовки майбутнього вчителя – музиканта
Authors: Ракітянська Людмила Миколаївна
Published: May 2022

У статті обґрунтовується актуальність окресленої проблеми. Аналізуються сучасні підходи до її вирішення, пропонується серія навчальних завдань в процесі індивідуального виконавського опрацювання музичного твору, орієнтованих на потреби шкільної практики.
Позашкільні музично-освітні заклади та їх місце у музичному розвитку учнів молодшого шкільного віку
Authors: Ракітянська Людмила Миколаївна , Калюжна А.
Published: May 2022

У статті висвітлено питання позашкільних музично-освітніх закладів та їх місце у музичному розвитку учнів молодшого шкільного віку.
Application of Open and Specialized Geoinformation Systems for Computer Modelling Studying by Students and PhD Students
Authors: Iatsyshyn Andrii , Iatsyshyn Anna , Kovach Valeriia , Zinovieva Iryna , Artemchuk Volodymyr , Popov Oleksandr , Cholyshkina Olha , Radchenko Oleksandr , Radchenko Oksana , Turevych Anastasiia
Published: May 2022

The article contains research on use of open and specialized geoinformation systems to prepare students and postgraduates on specialties: 101 “Environmental Sciences”, 103 “Earth Sciences”, 122 “Computer Sciences”, 183 “Environmental Technologies”. Analysis of the most common world open geoinformation systems is done. Experience of geoinformation systems use for students and postgraduates teaching for different specialties is described. Predominant orientation towards the use of geoinformation systems in educational process is determined based on the analysis of scientific publications and curricula of the most popular Ukrainian universities. According to the authors the material that is given narrows knowledge and skills of students and postgraduates, particularly in computer modeling. It is concluded that ability of students and postgraduates to use geoinformation systems is interdisciplinary. In particular, it develops knowledge and skills in computer modeling of various processes that may arise in the further professional activity. Examples of professional issues and ways to solve them using geoinformation systems are given. Recommendations are given on the use of open and specialized geoinformation systems in the educational process. It is recommended to use both proprietary (ArcGis, MapInfo) and open GIS (uDIG, QGIS, Whitebox GAT) to teach students. Open GIS (uDIG, QGIS, Whitebox GAT) and specialized (Modular GIS Environment, GEO + CAD, GeoniCS, AISEEM) can be used to teach both students and postgraduates.
Education Statistics: Looking for Case-Study for Modeling
Authors: Panchenko Liubov , Khomiak Andrii
Published: May 2022

The article deals with the problem of using modeling in social statistics courses. It allows the student-researcher to build one-dimensional and multidimensional models of the phenomena and processes that are being studied. Social Statistics course programs from foreign universities (University of Arkansas; Athabasca University; HSE University, Russia; McMaster University, Canada) are analyzed. The article provides an example using the education data set – Guardian UK universities ranking in Social Statistics course. Examples of research questions are given, data analysis for these questions is performed (correlation, hypothesis testing, discriminant analysis). During the research the discriminant model with group variable – modified Guardian score – and 9 predictors: course satisfaction, teaching quality, feedback, staff-student ratio, money spent on each student and other) was built. Lower student’s satisfaction with feedback was found to be significantly different from the satisfaction with teaching. The article notes the modeling and statistical analysis should be accompanied by a meaningful interpretation of the results. In this example, we discussed the essence of university ratings, the purpose of Guardian rating, the operationalization and measurement of such concepts as satisfaction with teaching, feedback; ways to use statistics in education, data sources etc. with students. Ways of using this education data in group and individual work of students are suggested.
Українська архітектура як предмет дослідження у працях вітчизняних науковців 1900-х років
Authors: Удріс Ірина Миколаївна
Published: May 2022

Мета дослідження полягає у виявленні внеску представників українського мистецтвознавства 1900-х рр. у справу визначення національних форм вітчизняної архітектури. Методологія дослідження базується на використанні комбінованого тематико-хронологічного підходу; опис публікацій поєднується з компаративним та порівняльним аналізами. Наукова новизна статті полягає у висвітленні початкової стадії формування уявлень про унікальні риси української архітектури в контексті суспільного запиту і провідних тенденцій загального художнього процесу зазначеного періоду. Окреслено чинники зростання уваги науковців вказаного десятиріччя до системного вивчення споруд України від найдавніших часів до ХІХ ст., зокрема, дерев’яних культових. Охарактеризовано праці відомих фахівців тих років: Г. Павлуцького, Є. Рєдіна, О. Новицького, В. Щербаківського, М. Макаренка, Є. Сіцінського та інших авторів. Вивчення названої проблеми в цих наукових роботах засновано на аналізі численної інформації як результату системної роботи багатьох науковців й аматорів з дослідження творів архітектури. Визначено наукові ідеї дослідників щодо еволюції форм даної галузі образотворчості та обґрунтування унікальності української архітектури.
Tendencies XXI Century in Design Education Development
Authors: Бондар Ігор , Удріс-Бородавко Наталя Сергіївна , Божко Тетяна , Удріс Ірина Миколаївна , Мадінова Юлія , Маланюк Вікторія
Published: May 2022

Tendencies in design education form material values, but their assimilation in the training system is carried out through spiritual values, as they are aimed at forming the personality of the future designer and his professional culture. The modern system of design education does not always prepare future professionals for the professional challenges they face, as future designers are entrusted with complex and influential design decisions. The aim of the study is to identify the tendencies in design education in the XXI century based on a survey of students and carry out a SWOT-analysis of the implementation of immersive and innovative technologies for professional training of future designers to establish the benefits of ICT use in educational institutions.
Сотрудничество - как условие активной учебной деятельности на занятиях по музинструменту
Authors: Мойсеєнко Р. Н.
Published: May 2022

У статті розкривається питання педагогічної співпраці як умови активізації навчальної діяльності студентів.
The Romanian Mission of General Berthelot (1916–1917): Cooperation and Disagreements with the Russian Command of the Romanian Front
Authors: Os'kin Maksim
Published: May 2022

When the Kingdom of Romania entered the Great War in 1916, it was supposed to receive aid from the Entente allies While the Russian troops fought alongside the Romanians on the Eastern Front, the Western allies assisted them with arms, financial resources, and experienced officers. Military cooperation in the various European theatres of war was a rather complex task, and its arrangement actualised the issues of cooperation between the allies in arms in pursuit of a common goal. The French Mission of General Berthelot assisted the Romanian army in a number of ways, including leading the fighting in the autumn of 1916, reorganising the defeated Romanian army, and acting as military advisers in the 1917 campaign. In that respect, the French were competing with the Russians for influence over the Romanian top leadership, especially the military command. The formation of the Romanian front, consisting mainly of Russian troops, allowed the Russian Stavka to sideline the French from directly influencing the course of military operations. The work of the French mission was limited to bringing the Romanian units withdrawn to the rear back into order. However, in 1917, the French resumed their leading role in influencing the Romanian generals. The February Revolution marked a turning point in relations between the rival partners, finally consolidating the leading role of the Berthelot Mission in the affairs of the Romanian Army on the Romanian front. The French Mission helped reorganise the Romanian Army, which played a decisive role in the final stage of the Great War. This allowed the Kingdom of Romania to remain among the victorious nations, despite the vicissitudes of 1918 following the withdrawal of Russia from the war. The main sources for this article are documents from the Russian State Military Historical Archive (RGVIA) relating primarily to the competence of the central military authorities and administration during the war period, namely the Supreme Command Headquarters and the General Staff Headquarters.
Dmitry Gerasimov and his Followers on the Pronoun
Authors: Petrova Maya
Published: May 2022

The author of this article examines the pronoun section of a text that goes back to the Ars grammatica of Aelius Donatus (Ars minor: De pronomine, 4th century) and is attributed to Dmitry Gerasimov and unknown 17th century copyists. An attempt is made to identify the methods of work of Gerasimov and his successors with the text of Donatus, to show substantive, semantic, and lexical parallels between the Latin original and the text under consideration. On the one hand, it is demonstrated that in the section on pronouns Gerasimov managed to render the original text fairly accurately. This is reflected in both his adoption of a question-and-answer form of presentation and rendition of content, as well as the selection of appropriate terminological equivalents and examples from his mother tongue. On the other hand, it is demonstrated that both Gerasimov and his successors had to follow the Western European tradition of adapting the available Latin grammatical texts (“textbooks”) and their tools to the educational needs of their age and language due to existing linguistic differences.
THE USE OF GUESSING GAME TO IMPROVE STUDENTS SPEAKING ABILITY AT SMP N 1 TALAMAU
Authors: Mezia Kemala Sari Janurli Saputri Rini Hendrita
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini membahas tentang penggunaan guessing game (permainan menebak) untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara bahasa Inggris siswa. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui apakah penggunaan guessing game ini dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara siswa atau tidak. Penelitian ini diklasifikasikan sebagai penelitian pre-experimen dengan desain pre-test and post-test. Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah 14 siswa dari kelas VIII2 pada sekolah menengah pertama Pasaman Barat. Data kuantitatif diambil dari pre-test dan post-test. Instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes berbicara dan rekaman video. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan guessing game dalam pengajaran Bahasa Inggris dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara siswa dengan baik. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan dengan t-hitung lebih besar dari t-tabel yaitu 11 > 1,7. Selain itu, dapat juga dibuktikan dengan skor rata-rata siswa pada masing-masing tes yang menunjukan post-test mendapatkan nilai lebih tinggi daripada pre-test yaitu 76 untuk post-test dan 30,5 untuk pre-tes. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ada peningkatan kemampuan bebicara bahasa Inggris siswa dengan menggunakan guessing game.
EKSPLORASI PENGGUNAAN KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI DI SMA NEGERI IV BUKITTINGGI
Authors: Desriana Yendrita Widya Fajri
Published: May 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeklorasi penggunaan kompetensi guru dalam pembelajaran Biologi pada kelas X SMA Negeri IV Bukittinggi. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah   bagaimana penggunaan kompetensi guru dalam pembelajaran Biologi pada Kelas X SMA Negeri IV Bukittinggi tahun ajaran 2012/2013.  Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif, populasinya adalah siswa kelas X SMA N IV Bukittinggi,yang terdiri dari 10 kelas dengan jumlah siswa 349 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan Claster random sampling. Data dianalisis dengan rumus persentase. Hasil analisa data menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kompetensi pedagogik  berkategori “ baik” (70,94%), penggunaan kompetensi kepribadian berkategori “sangat baik”  (82,81%),  penggunaan kompetensi profesional  dengan kategori “ baik ”  (75,24%), penggunaan kompetensi sosial dengan  kategori  “baik”  (73,64%). Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan kompetensi guru dalam pembelajaran Biologi pada Kelas X SMA Negeri IV Bukittinggi sudah digunakan secara “baik” (75,79%).