bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adult onset stills disease: Newly diagnosed in pregnancy with rare clinical presentation as pleural effusion
Authors: Shah Garima , Shah Bikram
Published: November 2021

Adult onset Still’ disease (AOSD) is a rare inflammatory disease which involves multiple systems and is of unknown etiology first described in 1971.It has more prevalence among young females and few studies show the exacerbation of symptoms during pregnancy. Patients usually presents with high grade fever, arthritis, arthralgia, salmon pink rash, organomegaly, lymphadenopathy but rarely can present with pleural symptoms, cardiac symptoms. Several criteria’s are used for diagnosis but Yamaguchi’s has the highest sensitivity of 93.5%. Yamaguchi’s classification criteria includes major and minor criteria’s and exclusion criteria’s. Although diagnostic criteria are there but AOSD till date is a diagnosis of exclusion. All the causes of clinical symptoms should be excluded which involves malignancies, infections, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune diseases before the diagnosis of AOSD is made.

A 26-year-old female with G2P0010 and POG 6 weeks presented to medicine OPD with high grade fever associated with chills and rigors from 1 week. She was also complaining of stiffness and pain in multiple joints with chest pain, easy fatigability. She was having rashes on upper back below nape of neck. All the necessary investigations were carried out. It was found that she was also having right sided pleural effusion and severe microcytic hypochromic anemia. After batteries of investigations and consultation by obstetrician, rheumatologist, dermatologist diagnosis of Adult Onset Still’s disease was made. It was a diagnosis of exclusion. Patient was started on steroids and she responded well. All the symptoms including pleural effusion was subsided.

Adult onset still’s disease is a form of still’s disease. It is a rare systemic auto-inflammatory disease. Yamaguchi is the most sensitive criteria but till date it is diagnosed after excluding possible causes of malignancies, infections and autoimmune conditions. Sometimes patients do present with rare symptoms like pleural effusion, pericarditis some may present as acute respiratory distress syndrome or mild symptoms like cough, pleuritic chest pain. In our case also all the possible causes were excluded as patient presented with pleural effusion for the first time during pregnancy, so the impact of the disease on the fetal outcome was also considered.

AOSD has always been a diagnosis of exclusion but as in our case and cases with similar presentation AOSD should be consider as a differential diagnosis. Although there are only few studies which shows that there is fatal outcome of pregnancy in AOSD however there are studies showing exacerbation of symptoms of AOSD during pregnancy. Its early diagnosis and prompt treatment can be helpful in the better outcome of pregnancy as well as better prognosis of disease.
Clinicopathological study of male breast lesion at a tertiary care in western India (Maharashtra)
Authors: Rathod Kalpana Baliram , Gaikwad Manish J , Chaudhari Anita , Nakate Leena A
Published: November 2021

Male breast cancer is a rare disease compared to female breast cancer. The reason of the low incidence rate in men is the relatively low amount of breast tissue along with the difference in their hormonal environment. Even though breast tissue is less in men as compared to women, the factors that influence malignant changes are similar. The rare nature of disease and lack of surveillance system for male breast cancer it makes a difficult disease to study. Present study was carried out to understand clinipathological features of male breast lesions.

A retrospective descriptive study was carried out in a tertiary care center for 5yeras duration (Jan 2014 to Dec 2018) at pathology department. Demographic, history and histopathological details of male breast lesion were retrieved from database at pathology department.

Median age of cases was 58.34+6.67yrs and range of 54-80years. Very few had family history of breast cancer. Alcoholism, obesity and chronic liver disease were risk factors. Most of them were diagnosed as gynecomastia on histopathology findings. One case of phylloid tumor.

Changing lifestyle and environmental condition may rise MBC in the future, understanding epidemiology and pathology is need of time for early diagnosis and management.
Histopathological study of benign breast lesions
Authors: Janaki M , Poojasree R , Kumar M Anil , Kumar A Hareesh , Nagachandana T
Published: November 2021

Benign breast lesions are common in young females and are painless. Fibroadenoma is the commonest lesion among all the breast lesions and occurs in any age.

1:To study the age and sex wise distribution of benign breast lesions; 2: To study the clinicopathological changes of benign breast diseases; 3: To study different types of benign breast lesions; 4. To study the histomorphological changes of benign breast lesions with clinical correlation.

A prospective study of two years was done to evaluate the different types, patterns of benign breast lesions in females in relation to age, clinical and radiological features.

A total of 140 benign breast diseases were studied. Fibroadenoma (76; 54.2%) was the most common lesion noted in younger females (18-24yrs) followed by fibrocystic disease (25; 17.8%) & benign phyllodes (14; 10%).

FNAC followed by histopathological examination were the diagnostic criteria used for confirmation of the lesions.

Benign breast lesions were common in young females, presented with painless, mobile breast lumps. Mastalgia and nipple discharge were other symptoms.
Follicular cholecystitis with cholelithiasis – A diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Pol Jaydeep N , Bhosale Neha M , Patil Mahendra Atmaram , Pol Vaishali J
Published: November 2021

Follicular Cholecystitis (FC) is an extremely rare subtype of Chronic Cholecystitis (CC). It is characterized by hyperplastic lymphoid follicles along with prominent germinal centers. It constitutes about 2% of routine cholecystectomies. In this article, we report a case of FC in a 69 years lady. She had abdominal pain, clinically diagnosed as Calculus cholecystitis and managed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Grossly, thickening of the gall bladder wall was noted. Histopathological examination revealed gall bladder wall infiltrated by dense lymphoid infiltrate forming lymphoid follicles with prominent germinal centres. Hence, we rendered a diagnosis of FC. The purpose of presenting this case is to make pathologists aware about this entity. One should not mistake this lesion for lymphoma. A careful histopathological examination is diagnostic and Immunohistochemistry may be helpful in difficult cases.

Follicular Cholecystitis is extremely rare variant of Chronic cholecystitis. It is characterized by at least 3 Lymphoid Follicles per cm of Gall Bladder tissue with inflammatory infiltrate composed almost exclusively of scattered well-formed Lymphoid Follicles. Pathologist must be familiar with this entity to avoid misdiagnosis of lymphoma.
Fibrosarcoma in occipital region: A rare case presentation
Authors: Sharma Rohit , Zaheer Sufian , Ranga Sunil
Published: November 2021

Head and neck fibrosarcoma are extremely rare, and fibrosarcoma arising is scalp is very rare with only occasional case reports. To be labelled as fibrosarcoma, it must lack features of well-defined fibrosarcoma subtypes and other entities. Here we report a case of a 48 years old female who came to surgery OPD with complaints of a painful nodule over the occiput. Excision was done and histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of fibrosarcoma. We are here reporting this case because of its rarity and diagnostic difficulties.
Upregulation of ASPP2 expression alleviates the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy in a rat model
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China, Yue Yan-Kun , Liu Shan ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China, Liu Wu ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
Published: November 2021

AIM: To investigate whether upregulation of apoptosis-stimulating p53 protein 2 (ASPP2) expression could alleviate the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in a rat model.
METHODS: ASPP2-lentivirus or scrambled-lentivirus were transfected into ARPE-19 cells, followed with measurements of cell cytotoxicity by cell counting kit-8 assay. ASPP2 upregulation was confirmed by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Then ARPE-19 cells pretreated with ASPP2-lentivirus were intravitreally injected to Brown Norway rats to induce PVR models. PVR development and retinal function were evaluated by retinal photography and electroretinography, respectively. Finally, epithelial-mesenchymal transition as well as autophagy were investigated in rats’ retinas via Western blotting.
RESULTS: Protein expression of ASPP2 was significantly upregulated by ASPP2-lentivirus transfection in ARPE-19 cells. The development and progression of PVR were impeded significantly in rats with intravitreal injection of ARPE-19 cells pretreated with ASPP2-lentivirus. Accordingly, retinal functions were less affected and PVR grades were much lower in rats with ASPP2-lentivirus compared to scrambled-lentivirus treatment. Moreover, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and autophagy markers were decreased in the retinas of rats treated with ASPP2-lentivirus.
CONCLUSION: ASPP2-lentivirus transfected to ARPE-19 cells mitigates the progression of PVR in rat models, which might be partly through reduced autophagy and attenuated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. ASPP2 might stand as a new approach for PVR treatment in the future.
Surgical outcomes in inferior recurrences of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Military Medical Academy, St Petersburg 194044, Russia, Churashov Sergey V. , Kulikov Alexei N. ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Military Medical Academy, St Petersburg 194044, Russia, Maltsev Dmitrii S. ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Military Medical Academy, St Petersburg 194044, Russia
Published: November 2021

AIM: To analyze the anatomical and functional outcomes in the inferior recurrences of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) depending on the surgical approach.
METHODS: Eighty-one eyes of 81 patients (47 males and 34 females with a mean age of 54.8±14.1y) who demonstrated at least one inferior recurrence of RRD were included in this retrospective study. All patients were categorized as having received either circular scleral buckling (SB), pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), a combination of SB and PPV (SB+PPV), PPV with retinotomy (PPV+RT), or PPV+RT and short-term postoperative perfluorocarbon liquid tamponade (PPV+RT+pPFCL). All cases were followed up until successful retinal reattachment or third recurrence. The primary outcome measures were the achievement of the surgical goal without recurrence of RRD and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).
RESULTS: After the treatment of the first recurrence, the recurrence rate in the PPV+SB group was statistically significantly lower than that of the PPV (P=0.0012), PPV+RT (P=0.028), or PPV+RT+pPFCL (P=0.047) group. There was no statistically significant difference between PPV+SB, PPV+RT, and PPV+RT+pPFCL groups in the recurrence rate after treatment of the second recurrence (42 eyes). However, there was a statistically significant (P=0.016) trend towards a decrease of recurrence rate after PPV+RT+pPFCL. There was no statistically significant improvement of BCVA in either study group (P>0.05) after both first and second recurrence surgery. The mean time follow-up was 109.0±91.0d before the first recurrence and 210.0±186.6d between previous surgery at second recurrence.
CONCLUSION: Patients with first inferior recurrence of RRD may benefit from SB as an adjunct to PPV. RT and short-term pPFCL tamponade in the second recurrence may allow better anatomical outcomes, however, without functional improvement.
Outcomes of half-width vertical rectus transposition augmented with posterior fixation sutures for sixth cranial nerve palsy
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel, Fogel-Tempelhof Ortal , Stolovitch Chaim ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel, Spierer Oriel ,   Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Unit, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
Published: November 2021

AIM: To describe the experience with half-width vertical muscles transposition (VRT) augmented with posterior fixation sutures.
METHODS: The clinical charts of all patients, who underwent half-width VRT augmented with posterior fixation sutures for sixth cranial nerve palsy from January 2003 to December 2018, were retrospectively reviewed. For each patient, pre- and post-operatively, the largest measured angle was used for the calculations, usually resulting with the angle for distance, except in young infants, where measurements were made at near fixation using the Krimsky test.
RESULTS: Fifteen patients met the inclusion criteria for the study, of them 9 (60.0%) had also medial rectus muscle recession at the time of surgery. Mean follow-up period was 21.4±23.2mo (range 1.5-82mo). Preoperative mean esotropia was 51.3±19.7 prism diopter (PD; range 20-90 PD). Postoperative mean deviation on final follow-up was 7.7±20.2 PD (range -40 to 35 PD; P=0.018). In all patients with preoperative abnormal head position, improvement was noted. Ten (66.7%) patients had improvement in abduction and 10 (66.7%) patients reported improvement in their diplopia, by final follow-up. The addition of medial rectus recession was correlated with a larger change in postoperative horizontal deviation compared to baseline (P=0.026). Two (13.3%) patients developed a vertical deviation in the immediate postoperative period which had resolved in one of them.
CONCLUSION: Half-width VRT augmented with posterior fixation suture, with or without medial rectus muscle recession, is an effective and safe procedure for esotropia associated with sixth cranial nerve palsy. A major improvement in the angle of deviation is expected. Most patients will have improvement in their abnormal head position and diplopia.
Evaluation of the long-term effect of foldable capsular vitreous bodies in severe ocular rupture
Authors:   Xi’an People’s Hospital (Xi’an Fouth Hospital), Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China, Deng Jin , Zhou Rong-Le ,   Xi’an People’s Hospital (Xi’an Fouth Hospital), Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China, Chen Tao ,   Xi’an People’s Hospital (Xi’an Fouth Hospital), Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China, Wang Jian-Zhou ,   Xi’an People’s Hospital (Xi’an Fouth Hospital), Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China, Zhu Zhao-Liang ,   Xi’an People’s Hospital (Xi’an Fouth Hospital), Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
Published: November 2021

AIM: To evaluate the long-term effect of foldable capsular vitreous body (FCVB) in the treatment of severe ocular rupture to provide a practical basis for clinical selection.
METHODS: A total of 26 patients (26 eyes), 23 men and 3 women, with severe ocular rupture who underwent FCVB implantation between March 2018 and September 2018 were retrospectively analysed. All open ocular wounds located in zone III, with preoperative visual acuity grade IV and above (Snellen less than 4/200). The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), cornea, anterior chamber, iris, lens, choroid, and retina were evaluated before and after the surgery. The subjective feeling and the location of FCVB were also assessed.
RESULTS: The average age of the 26 patients was 36y (20-60y). Postoperative follow-up was from 10 to 14mo. At the end of follow up, BCVA was light perception (LP) in 10 cases, no light perception (NLP) in 13 cases, hand motions (HM) in 3 cases. IOP was 11±5 mm Hg. Corneal degeneration was in 3 cases and corneal endothelial dystrophy was in 7 cases. Shallow anterior chamber was in 8 cases and hyphema was in 8 cases. Organized membrane in the pupil was in 14 cases. Epiphora occurred in 3 cases. FCVB drainage tube exposed in 3 cases. All FCVBs were in their normal location and no rejection occurred.
CONCLUSION: FCVB implantation is a long-term effective treatment and may provide a practical selection for severe ocular rupture.
Fourier analysis of corneal Scheimpflug imaging: clinical use in keratoconus
Authors:   Ataturk State Hospital, Antalya 07040, Turkey, Akincioglu Dorukcan , Ayyildiz Onder ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara 06010, Turkey, Gokce Gokcen ,   Memorial Hospital, Kayseri 38010, Turkey, Karaca Umut ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32040, Turkey, Mutlu Fatih Mehmet ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Gulhane School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara 06010, Turkey
Published: November 2021

AIM: To evaluate the clinical use of Fourier analysis of videokeratography data in the diagnosis and follow-up of keratoconus (KC).
METHODS: We conducted a chart review of consecutive patients presented to our cornea clinic. A team of two experienced cornea specialists divided the patients into three groups: normal cornea, forme fruste KC (FFKC), and clinical KC. The exclusion criteria were a history of previous ocular surgery, any accompanying corneal pathology other than KC, high myopia (>6.00 diopters), amblyopia, pregnancy, breastfeeding, or any current autoimmune disease. The data of Fourier series harmonic analysis were evaluated for their diagnostic capacity using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. A binary logistic regression analysis was also conducted to construct a diagnostic model. A total of 259 eyes showed progression in the clinical KC group and underwent a combination of accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking and topography-guided customized treatment with an excimer laser.
RESULTS: The study included 1262 eyes (618 normal, 530 KC, and 114 FFKC) of 1262 patients. We observed that maximum decentration (MaxDec) was almost as good as maximum keratometry (Kmax) in detecting progressive KC. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.95 for KC [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93-0.96] and 0.84 for FFKC (95%CI: 0.79-0.88). Higher predictive accuracy was obtained using a model combining the spherical component, MaxDec, irregularity, and regular astigmatism in the center of the cornea (AUC: 0.97; sensitivity: 89%, and specificity: 96%).
CONCLUSION: Decentration, Kmax, and posterior radii of curvatures from a 3.0-mm optical zone centered on the thinnest point of the cornea provide the highest accuracy with low reproducibility of Kmax.
A Cameroonian Study on Mixing Concrete with Wood Ashes: Effects of 0-30% Wood Ashes as a Substitute of Cement on the Strength of Concretes
Authors: Bikoko Théodore Gautier L.J.
Published: November 2021

To fight against the high cost and the increasing scarcity of cement and at the same time to reduce the CO2 greenhouse gases emission associated with the production of Portland cement, two types of wood ashes as a substitute of cement in the production of concretes were investigated. In this paper, we substituted cement by two types of species of wood ashes namely, avocado and eucalyptus ashes following the proportions ranging from 0% to 30% on one hand, and on the other hand, we added these two types of species of wood ashes namely, avocado and eucalyptus ashes following the proportions ranging from 0% to 10% by weight of cement in the concrete samples. After 7, 14 and 28 days of curing, compressive strength tests were conducted on these concrete samples. The findings revealed that using wood ashes as additives/admixtures or as a substitute of cement in the production/manufacturing of concrete decreased the compressive strength of concrete. Hence, it can be said that wood ash has a negative influence on the strength of concrete. At three percent (3%) and ten percent (10%) of addition, the wood ash from eucalyptus specie offers better resistance compared to the wood ash from avocado specie, whereas at five percent (5%) of addition, the wood ash from avocado specie offers better resistance compared to the wood ash from eucalyptus specie. At thirty percent (30%) of substitution, the wood ash from eucalyptus specie offers better resistance compared to the wood ash from avocado specie. The compressive strengths increase with the increase of curing age.
Aluminum Oxide Catalysts and Supports Obtained by Thermal Activation
Authors: Isupova L. A. , Kovalenko O. N. , Andreeva A. V. , Vedernikov O. S. , Lamberov A. A. , Pimerzin A. A. , Reznichenko I. D. , Tyshchenko V. A. , Kleymenov A. V. , Parmon V. N.
Published: November 2021

The paper considers the main methods used to obtain aluminum oxides; the advantages of using hydrargillite thermal activation products for the synthesis of catalysts, supports and sorbents; the factors affecting the properties of thermal activation products and aluminum oxides obtained by thermal activation; and examples of the efficient application of hydrargillite centrifugal thermal activation products in the synthesis of catalysts, supports and sorbents.
Investigation of the Zinc-Copper Catalyst NIAP-06-06 for Steam Conversion of Carbon Monoxide in the Synthesis of Methanol
Authors: Narochnyi G. B. , Savost'yanov A. P. , Zubkov I. N. , Dulnev A. V. , Yakovenko R. E.
Published: November 2021

The possibility to use the zinc-copper catalyst NIAP-06-06 for steam conversion of CO in the synthesis of methanol was explored. The catalyst was characterized by means of TPR H2, XRD and SEM methods and tested in the methanol synthesis in flow and circulation modes at a pressure of 5.0 MPa and gas hourly space velocity of 3000 h–1 over a temperature range of 220–260 °С. The catalyst was shown to be highly active and selective toward the methanol synthesis from a gas with the H2 /СО ratio 3.9, which is obtained by steam conversion of methane. The use of tubular catalytic reactors connected in series in the flow-circulation mode makes it possible to convert more than 70 % of CO and obtain crude methanol with the concentration of 95 %. In the circulation mode, a methanol output of 427.7 kg/(m3 cat·h) was achieved on the catalyst.
Intraluminal Behavior of Various Transporter Substrates in the Rat Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Tanaka Yusuke , Harada Taiki , Ito Kazuhiro , Kurakazu Takanori , Kasaoka Satoshi
Published: November 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the intraluminal behavior of various transporter substrates in different regions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Methods: Drug solutions containing non-absorbable FITC-dextran 4000 (FD-4), were orally administered to rats. Residual water was sampled from the GI regions to measure the luminal drug concentration. Results: Cephalexin (CEX), a substrate of the proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter, was absorbed rapidly, and no drug was detected in the lower small intestine. Saquinavir (SQV) was primarily absorbed in the upper region. However, unlike CEX, SQV was detected even in the lower segment probably due to the efflux of SQV via P-glycoprotein (P-gp). The concentration of methotrexate (MTX) showed a similar pattern to that of non-absorbable FD-4. The low absorption of MTX was probably due to efflux via several efflux transporters, and the limited expression of proton-coupled folate transporter, an absorptive transporter for MTX, in the upper region. Conclusion: This study revealed that the luminal concentration pattern of each drug differed considerably depending on the site because of the different absorption properties and luminal volumes. Although further investigation using a specific transporter inhibitor or transporter-knockout animals are necessary to clarify the actual contribution of each transporter to the drug absorption, this information will be valuable in evaluating transporter-mediated drug absorption in in vitro transport studies for ensuring optimal drug concentrations.
Triangle conics and cubics
Authors: Skuratovskii R. , Strarodub V.
Published: November 2021

This is a paper about triangle cubics and conics in classical geometry with elements of projective geometry. In recent years, N.J. Wildberger has actively dealt with this topic using an algebraic perspective. Triangle conics were also studied in detail by H.M. Cundy and C.F. Parry recently. The main task of the article was to develop an algorithm for creating curves, which pass through triangle centers. During the research, it was noticed that some different triangle centers in distinct triangles coincide. The simplest example: an incenter in a base triangle is an orthocenter in an excentral triangle. This was the key for creating an algorithm. Indeed, we can match points belonging to one curve (base curve) with other points of another triangle. Therefore, we get a new intersting geometrical object. During the research were derived number of new triangle conics and cubics, were considered their properties in Euclidian space. In addition, was discussed corollaries of the obtained theorems in projective geometry, what proves that all of the descovered results could be transfered to the projeticve plane.
Construction of the destination set of a dynamic system in $\mathbb{R}^3$
Authors: Kartashov D. G. , Tairova M. S.
Published: November 2021

The article proposes two algorithms for the numerical construction of the convex hull of a set in three-dimensional space using its support function. The first uses the hyperplane intersection method to find the pivot points of a set. The second one is based on the deformation function and allows you to find an arbitrary point of the convex hull of a set, which is convenient in many applications. The algorithms are compared, and asymptotic complexities are found. The application of the proposed apparatus to finding the destination set of dynamical systems is shown. The dynamic system will be based on differential inclusion.
University in an oil-dependent state economy: The future of Khuzestan higher education
Authors: Farhadi Rad Hamid , Farazmand Hasan , Afghah Morteza , Andayesh Yaghoob
Published: November 2021

Purpose of the study: The understanding of the complex world and the ability to imagine the futures is the basis for planning and decision-making. Therefore, in this research, the possible future of university in an Iranian oil-dependent economy is studied, and, the best direction for higher education in Khuzestan province is explored. — Methodology: A formative scenario writing research method is used in the current study. The participants were recruited from among Iranian higher education experts purposefully; a series of in-depth interviews including personal and focus group interviews have also been conducted to reach saturation. —Main findings: The results of the present research showed that two main factors affect Khuzestan higher education: dependency on the state economy and increasingly growing social expectation from the university. Khuzestan universities have better select one of these orientations: Conservative University, Enabler University, Adaptive University, and Developmental University. According to the findings of the study, developmental orientation is the preferred scenario for Khuzestan higher education. — Applications of this study: It is argued that the developmental university is the preferred scenario for the future of higher education in Khuzestan Province and a proposal suggests its actualization. — Novelty/originality of this study: The applied scenario-based innovative research attempts to reveal the socio-economic role of universities in societies having State-Economy such as Iran, shows all the possible main paths, and finally determines the preferred path for a specific period of time. The current probe can be directly used to lead higher education policymakers of the province and be indirectly employed to help individuals adopt general orientations in higher education, as well as students and researchers who are interested in higher education studies, especially in the field of Higher Education (HE) public policymaking. Finally identified and explained the developmental university that is compatible with Khuzestan higher education situations is another novelty of this research.

Received: 29 March 2021Accepted: 21 June 2021
Low-cost Pencil-Graphite Multi-electrodes for Simultaneous Detection of Iron and Copper
Authors: ÖZER Tuğba
Published: November 2021

Herein, two novel ion-selective electrodes are reported for simultaneous potentiometric determination of Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions. The liquid polymeric membrane components were optimized and the resulting pencil graphite electrodes gave Nernstian slopes of 20.7 mV/decade and 31.2 mV/decade with lower detection of limit of 1×10-6 mol L-1 and 2×10-6 mol L-1, and wide pH range of 1.5-3.5 and 2.0-4.7 for Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions, respectively. The electrodes exhibited very fast response time (<6 s). In addition, the electrodes exhibited high selectivity for Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions against different cations, which were tested by matched potential method. The sensing platform using the optimized electrodes were integrated with the Internet of Things concept are suitable for simultaneous monitoring of Fe3+ and Cu2+ in real samples with high accuracy and precision.
Analysis of the Functioning of Clusters in Poland
Authors: Kraska Ewa
Published: November 2021

The cluster concept has gained special significance after the publication of the works of M. Porter “The Competitive Advantage of Nations”(1990). But the most popular definition of industrial cluster was formed eight years later, when he wrote that clusters are:“geographic concentrations of interconnected companies, specialized suppliers, service providers, firms in related industries, and associated institutions (e.g. universities, standards agencies, trade associations) in a particular field that compete but also cooperate”(Porter, 1998, p. 197). A cluster as a regionally focused form of economic activity generates positive effects for business and the region. Global researchers suggest that clusters help to increase the innovation and competitiveness of the country in which they are located. Since the 90s clusters have become an increasingly important element of economic development and innovation strategy of the European Union and its Member States. In years 2007–2013, clusters are expected to one of the objectives of support for EU regional policy. EU funds destined for cluster initiatives will help to take concrete actions by entrepreneurs interested in the cluster activity. Poland has recently joined the countries interested in popularizing the idea of clusters. Some specialized cluster studies have been carried out in Poland identifying clusters. This article gives an overview on policy support, formation and the functioning of clusters in Poland.
“You Have to Accept the Pain”: Body Callusing and Body Capital in Circus Aerialism
Authors: Walby Kevin , Stuart Shawn
Published: November 2021

Little sociological research has examined the work of circus aerialists. Drawing from interviews with 31 circus aerialists in Canada, we explore what aerialists say about their bodies. Circus aerialism is an intense form of physical work, and aerialists endure intense pain during training and performance. Engaging with sociologies of the body and injury, we examine how body capital is generated, maintained, and lost in the career of the aerialist, as well as how injury accelerates this process. Injury and “aging out” of the circus are prominent themes in what aerialists say about their bodies. Arguing that circus aerialism is an undervalued form of work in which risk accumulates in aerialist bodies, we explore how aerialist bodies provide tacit cues about how to avoid injury and when to consider retirement. In the conclusion, we explain how this work contributes to sociologies of the body and circus.
Supporting the President in a #NotMyPresident Context: Experiences of College-Aged Trump Supporters at a Southern University
Authors: Adams Madison
Published: November 2021

In light of sexual misconduct allegations involving the former president of the United States, this study analyzes the reasons some university students provide for their continued support of Donald Trump. Relying on ten semi-structured qualitative interviews with college students who align with the president, this paper identifies three interrelated stages making up a model of support. First, students identify their conservative worldviews as helping to explain their initial support of Trump. Second, given the numerous accusations leveled against the president in the media, students readily use neutralization tactics to counter these narratives and rationalize their continued support. Finally, they feel vilified at their university and elsewhere for supporting Trump, and they find it necessary to conceal their opinions. Such experiences do not contribute to them questioning their beliefs. On the contrary, they lead to more entrenched and rigid support of the president. By identifying this three-stage process and applying neutralization theory to better understand it, this paper contributes to the existing sociological literature on the persistence of conservatism in the United States today.
Samoobrona i "retornantes". Następstwa powojennych migracji powrotnych w Andy na przykładzie nielegalnych zasiedleń terenów podmiejskich Ayacucho
Authors: Pietraszczyk-Sękowska Joanna
Published: November 2021

Tekst ma charakter studium przypadku. Jego celem jest przyjrzenie się kosztom wojennych przesiedleń i wynikających z nich migracji powrotnych w Andy peruwiańskie na przykładzie rzadko badanego zjawiska w postaci nielegalnych zasiedleń (tzw. inwazji) terenów okalających miasta prowincji. Analiza dotyczy złożonego przypadku akcji zasiedleńczej z udziałem retornantes, przeprowadzonej wiele lat po wojnie przez wywodzące się z jej okresu cywilne siły samoobrony. Podjętym rozważaniom przyświeca teza, iż – przez wzgląd na różnorodność i nieoczywistość uwarunkowań – zachowania migracyjne osób dotkniętych konfliktem zbrojnym stanowią o amorficzności fenomenu powrotów, jak również mogą przyczyniać się do podtrzymania lokalnych kryzysów powstałych w okresie terroru. Część empiryczna tekstu została przygotowana na podstawie prac badawczych zrealizowanych w latach 2004–2010 i 2015–2019 w Limie oraz miastach i terenach wiejskich środkowo-południowych Andów peruwiańskich.
Physio-biochemical Parameters of Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) Induced by Gamma Rays and EMS
Authors: Malik Saima , Jahan Roshan , Ansari Shazia Bi , Amin Ruhul , Khan Samiullah
Published: November 2021

Background: Induced mutagenesis has proved as a crucial implement to create genetic variability for various essential traits. Trachyspermum ammi is one of the most important medicinal seed spices and its oil exhibits various pharmacological properties. Ajwain has been overlooked owing its narrow genetic base and little study has been performed to create genetic variations. Methods: Dry and healthy seeds of ajwain were treated with the different concentration of gamma rays (25,50,75 and 100Gy), EMS (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4%EMS) and different doses of combination treatments (25+0.1%, 50+0.2%, 75+0.3% and 100Gy+0.4%EMS). Among both the mutagens, gamma rays were found to be more effectual mutagens as compared to EMS. Result: The aim of the present study was to find out the mutagenic consequences of gamma rays, EMS and combination treatments on growth and physio-biochemical parameters of ajwain. Studies show that higher doses of both the mutagens caused significantly negative effect on the growth parameters whereas lower doses have positively influenced the parameters. Result shows lower doses of mutagens (25, 50Gy, 0.1%, 0.2%EMS and 25+0.1%, 50Gy+0.2%EMS) proved to be more effective as it caused less biological damage and therefore would be suitable for inducing the desirable mutations and improving the agronomic traits in ajwain.
​Chemistry, Nutritional Properties and Application of Mare’s Milk: A Review
Authors: Adil Shaikh , Mehta B.M. , Jana Atanu H.
Published: November 2021

Mare’s milk has long been considered to have special nutritive and therapeutic properties in Mongolia and southern states of the former Soviet Union. It is now gaining popularity in some parts in Europe also. Mares’ milk is characterized by their unique nutritional profile. Therefore, interest has increased in the use of mare’s milk for human nutrition in the past several years, especially in France and Germany. As compared to many other mammal species, mare’s milk is highly appreciated for similarity to human milk in terms of chemical composition allowing its use as a substitute for mother’s milk in infant feeding. Mare’s milk also has been used for the treatment of certain human pathologies such as hepatitis, chronic ulcer and tuberculosis. This review dwells on the chemical composition, nutritional value and various health-promoting properties of mare’s milk.
Retention and Stability- A Review
Authors: Vikram N Raj
Published: November 2021

The stability of treatment outcome in orthodontics remains a fundamental issue of concern and debate. Usually a retention phase is required after active Orthodontic tooth movement to maintain the ideal aesthetic and functional relation and prevent the teeth to return to their former position. In the importance of retention in orthodontic treatment, this article makes an attempt to refresh our knowledge on retainers by exploring the literature.
Physical Method of Stabilization of Membranes of Preserved RBCs by Means of Nanotechnology
Authors: Belousov Andrey
Published: November 2021

This study was devoted to the learning changes in the structure of erythrocyte membranes at the level of molecular bonds during their storage at a positive temperature by means method of infrared spectroscopy (IR). Objects of research were red blood cells (RBCs) into bags containing preservative CPD and RBCs into bags containing preservative CPDA-1. As membrane protective used saline which had previously been treated with magnetite nanoparticles (ICNB) by the Belousov’s method. The physiological solution that was treated with nanoparticles was added to the preserved RBCs according to the developed method. Sample of control was the addition of intact saline. Analysis of changes occurring in the IR spectra of samples of control and test in the CPD medium was showed that during the first 28 days storage of: 1. In the suspension of control of the RBCs, noticeable destructive changes in the molecular structure membrane of erythrocytes at the 14th day storage begins. After three weeks, the molecular structure membrane of erythrocytes is completely destroyed; 2. In the sample of test there was a weakening and rupture of molecular bonds only at the 28th day storage of RBCs. Complete destruction of the structure of membrane of erythrocytes occurs at the 35th day storage. Analysis of changes occurring in the IR spectra of samples of control and test in the CPDA-1 medium was showed that during 49 days storage of: 1. In the suspension of control of RBCs noticeable destructive changes in the molecular structure begins in four weeks, and after six weeks storage the molecular structure of erythrocytes membrane are completely destroyed; 2. In the sample of test, a significant weakening of intra-and intermolecular bonds in the structure of erythrocytes membrane occurs after six weeks. However, the complete destruction of the structure is not observed. After seven weeks storage of erythrocytes obvious violations of the molecular structure of lipids and proteins that make up the RBCs are visible but some of the strongest compounds still remain. In general, the results clearly showed that the presented method of application of nanotechnology significantly increases the storage time of RBCs in different versions of preservatives due to mechanisms to reduce violations of the molecular structure of proteins and lipids in the erythrocyte membranes. Presented method of application of nanotechnology is not only safe for use in practice in the Blood Service, Transfusiology and Hematology, but also is the most promising innovation project.
Medicinal Properties of Ginger and Garlic: A Review
Authors: Imo Chinedu
Published: November 2021

This study reviewed the medicinal properties of ginger and garlic. Ginger and garlic are commonly used spices which are important in medicine due to the presence of many important phytochemical constituents and nutrients which are biologically active substances. Some chemical constituents of these medicinal plants have been reported in various literatures to contribute to the prevention and treatment of various diseases and ailments. In literatures, some of the documented properties of garlic and/or ginger include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, rheumatologic, blood circulation and anti-cramp, anti-ulcer, anticholinergic, analgesic, antimicrobial, anti-stress, anti-cancer, immunity booster, anti-diabetic, regulation of blood pressure and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The use of these medicinal plant materials will aid the promotion of human health system.
Stochastic Mechanism of Formation of Mutational Protein Nanoparticles and Mesoobjects
Authors: Lin Emil Edypovich
Published: November 2021

We consider briefly a possible stochastic mechanism of formation of mutational protein nanoparticles and mesoobjects (cells and organelles). Results based on the uncertainty relation “coordinate – momentum” in the space of object (molecular cluster) sizes are indicative of the fact that in the system of amino acid molecules accidental formation of quasi-crystalline nanoparticles and mesoobjects corresponding in their sizes to essential proteins and cells is possible without of the preliminary formation of polypeptide nanochains. The developed kinetic approach and calculated results can be useful for laboratory investigation of a behavior of biological systems at different environments.
Consumer Products using Triclosan as Antimicrobial Agent in the Tropical Environment: Safe or Unsafe?
Authors: AS Maiwada
Published: November 2021

The tropical environments of the world receive the highest solar radiation throughout the year with an average annual temperature of not less than 18°C . The use of triclosan as an antimicrobial agent in consumer products such as toothpastes, mouthwash, soaps, under arm deodorants, liquid dishwashing soap and household equipment like textiles materials, toys and plastic kitchenware in this environment exponentially increased over the last few decades and its ability to form low chlorinated dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans) on intense solar radiation and incineration has posed a great risk potential to human health and the aquatic environments. This article aimed to create awareness to the general public on the potentially associated risks of using Triclosan containing materials and its possible implications on human health and the aquatic environments. Humans and aquatic animals get in contact with triclosan through oral, dermal, inhalation and accidental ocular exposures. In many temperate developed countries like US, UK, Canada and Australia, risk assessments were conducted on triclosan and its associated risks to Human health and aquatic environment, despites its traces in human body fluids and aquatic animal tissues, it is concluded that triclosan entering the environment in a way that poses no threat to humanity and aquatic lives. This conclusion came up with lots of uncertainties and conservatism especially due to a lack of adequate data to fully characterize the exposure to triclosan for the representation of the general population, dose estimation and conversion of spot urine samples for all age groups, adequacy of the margin of exposure (MOEs) and spatial differences between places. Moreover, in-depth research on triclosan and its potentialities to affect human health and the aquatic environment is strongly recommended especially in the developing tropical countries in order to create awareness to the general public.
Pulmonary Hypertension and Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Case Report with the Revision of Literature
Authors: Serra Walter
Published: November 2021

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by mutations of the NF1 gene that can lead to the development of benign neurofibroma-like tumours and Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumours (MPNST). Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a rare but severe complication associated with NF1 (PAH-NF). PH-NF1 is classified as group 5 PH, defined as “PH with unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms”, because the mechanisms of PH remain poorly understood. A better understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying the disease may require new ways to develop specific therapies. We present the clinical outcomes of a 51-year old female previously diagnosed with NF1, who presented with progressively worsening dyspnea.
Plasma Levels of SDF-1 are Acutely Correlated with Adrenergic Agonists and Modulated by β-Blockers Interactions in Hypertensive Individuals
Authors: Markoski Melissa M
Published: November 2021

To examine the acute interference of β-blockers with plasma chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), epinephrine and norepinephrine levels, as well as cardiovascular autonomic parameters.
Extracardiac Inappropriate Shocks in Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator: Management in Emergency Department
Authors: Santomauro Maurizio
Published: November 2021

The subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S-ICD) is an established treatment for the prevention of sudden cardiac death. In the S-ICD studies, inappropriate shocks (IAS) rate were reported to renge between 5% to 25% and to be mainly due to cardiac and noncardiac oversensing.