bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance and Mechanism of UV/Immobilized Cu-TiO2System to Degradation Histidine
Authors: Liu Cheng , Wang Jie , Chen Wei , Sun Zhehao , Cao Zhen
Published: July 2016

More and more attention is paid to dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and some specific categories of amino acids are considered to be the direct precursors of nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs). Histidine was chosen to study the efficiency and mechanism of amino acid in UV/Cu-TiO2system. Moreover, the influences of pH, organics, and inorganic ion on the photocatalytic efficiency were also investigated. The results show that the degradation rate of DON in the UV/Cu-TiO2system was about 50% after 60 min, and it was much lower than that of histidine (72%), which indicated that a part of degraded histidine was oxidized to other N-containing organics. The optimal pH value was 7.0 for the photodegradation of histidine, and the presence of organic compound and inorganic ion would decrease the degradation performance to some extent. After 6 h irradiation, histidine was totally degraded intoNH4+, and in the following 2 h,NH4+was oxidized toNO3-firstly and thenNO3-was reduced to N2and overflowed from water, which should be attributed to the doping of Cu in the TiO2and provided a way to totally degrade the DON from the water.
Complete Moment Convergence for Negatively Dependent Sequences of Random Variables
Authors: Wu Qunying , Jiang Yuanying
Published: July 2016

We study the complete moment convergence for sequences of negatively dependent identically distributed random variables withEX=0,  Eexp⁡|X|α<∞,  0<α<1, andEexp⁡|X|ln-r⁡|X|<∞,  r>0. As a result, we establish the new complete moment convergence theorems.
Nonlinear Absorptions of CdSeTe Quantum Dots under Ultrafast Laser Radiation
Authors: Chai Zhijun , Gao Yachen , Kong Degui , Wu Wenzhi
Published: July 2016

The oil-soluble alloyed CdSeTe quantum dots (QDs) are prepared by the electrostatic method. The basic properties of synthesized CdSeTe QDs are characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and transmission electron microscope. The off-resonant nonlinear optical properties of CdSeTe QDs are studied by femtosecondZ-scan at 1 kHz (low-repetition rate) and 84 MHz (high-repetition rate). Nonlinear absorption coefficients are calculated under different femtosecond laser excitations. Due to the long luminescent lifetime of CdSeTe QDs, under the conditions of high-repetition rate, for open-aperture curve, heat accumulation and bleaching of ground state are responsible for the decrease of two-photon absorption (TPA) coefficient.
One-Step Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles Using Sodium Alginate
Authors: Valdez Jesus , Gómez Idalia
Published: July 2016

Metallic nanoparticles have been focus of research because of their characteristic properties, specifically the LSPR which can have wide applications in biomedical sciences and engineering. Currently, traditional physical and chemical methods can synthesize these nanoparticles but their disadvantages such as costs, time, effectiveness, and toxicity of precursors provide a wide range of problems for the synthesis of these nanoparticles. Recently, some natural polymers and organic compounds have been used for the synthesis of nanoparticles by green methods. In this study, we synthesize copper, silver, and gold nanoparticles using sodium alginate as reducing and stabilizing agent under microwave irradiation. The LSPR for each system was observed by UV-vis spectroscopy. Particle size distribution and zeta potential demonstrate the size and stability for these nanoparticles. FESEM and TEM microscopies have shown the size and morphology of these systems correlated with UV-vis, particle size distribution, and zeta potential analyses. The study demonstrates a rapid, facile, cheaper, and one-step green method of synthesis for these metallic nanoparticles being an alternative to the conventional methods used for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles.
Preoperative Chemotherapy and Metronomic Scheduling of Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Oral Cancers
Authors: Patil Vijay M. , Noronha Vanita , Joshi Amit , Banavali Sripad D. , Muddu Vamshi , Prabhash Kumar
Published: July 2016

Locally advanced oral cavity cancers are treated with a multi-modality approach. Surgery is the most efficient local modality in comparison to chemoradiation in oral cancers. Preoperative chemotherapy has failed its expectations to improve disease-free survival or overall survival in resectable oral cancers. Its use as an organ preservation tool is being studied. Induction chemotherapy followed by assessment for surgery is an appropriate option for borderline resectable or technically unresectable oral cancer. Metronomic chemotherapy is being studied as a bridge to surgery and as adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced oral cancers. The role of induction chemotherapy in unresectable oral cancers is unproven. Metronomic chemotherapy has shown improved progression-free survival and overall survival in oral cancers in comparison to intravenous cisplatin. A phase 3 study for confirmation of this finding has begun.
NR5A1 Loss-of-Function Mutations Lead to 46,XY Partial Gonadal Dysgenesis Phenotype: Report of Three Novel Mutations
Authors: Fabbri Helena C. , Ribeiro de Andrade Juliana G. , Maciel-Guerra Andréa T. , Guerra-Júnior Gil , de Mello Maricilda P.
Published: July 2016

Mutations in the NR5A1 gene, which encodes the steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1), are responsible for different phenotypes of disorders of sex development (DSD), such as bilateral anorchia and hypospadias. Furthermore, they can be associated with primary amenorrhea, premature ovarian failure, male infertility, adrenal tumors, and endometriosis. Direct sequencing of the 7 NR5A1 exons including ∼1,000 bp of the 5′-upstream and 3′-downstream regions and all intron-exon boundaries was performed in patients with DSD. Three different in silico tools were used to assess the consequences of a splice site mutation. As a result, 3 novel NR5A1 mutations were identified in 3 patients with 46,XY partial gonadal dysgenesis: p.Lys38* and p.Leu80Trpfs*8 lead to premature translation termination codons within the SF1 DNA-binding domain, and the intronic nucleotide substitution c.1138+1G>T at the intron 6 donor splice site is considered to modify correct splicing. We assume that the anomalous mRNA produced as a result of p.Lys38* and p.Leu80Trpfs*8 will be degraded by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay even before translation, leading to SF1 haploinsufficiency. The c.1138+1G>T mutation is expected to produce a truncated protein. Heterozygous SF1 loss-of-function mutations in these cases resulted in mild DSD manifestations, such as dysgenetic testes, spontaneous puberty, and preserved adrenal function.
Derrida’s Quasi-Technique
Authors: Lindberg Susanna
Published: July 2016

The article’s aim is to measure the potential of Derrida’s work for a philosophy of technique. It shows why Derrida does not present a positive philosophy of technology but rather describes technique as a quasi-technique, as if a technique. The article inquires into the potential of such a quasi-technique for a contemporary philosophy of technology: it is suggested that it can function as a salutary “deconstruction” of mainstream philosophy of technology (that “knows” the “essence of technology”) because it shows how to think technique in the absence of essence and as the absence of essence.

The article begins with a survey of the machines that figure in Derrida’s texts. It then examines three propositions concerning technology in Derrida’s work:

Derrida thinks technology as a metaphor of writing and not the other way round.

Derrida thinks technique as prosthesis, firstly of memory, then more generally of life.

Derrida’s quasi-technique relies on his peculiar conception of the incorporal materiality of technique.
Strasbourg’s Response to Gay and Lesbian Parenting: Progress, then Plateau?
Authors: Bracken Lydia
Published: July 2016

This article examines the advancement of parenting rights for gay and lesbian persons as established through the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. It notes that, after many years of progress, this advancement has seemingly now reached a plateau. In particular, although the Court has previously been effective in ending discrimination against single gay and lesbian parents, it has been reluctant to find that discrimination against same-sex couples seeking access to joint parenting rights is contrary to the European Convention on Human Rights (echr). This article examines this plateau and it questions whether consideration of the rights and interests of children could be used to overcome it. It is argued that this consideration may ultimately demand that joint parenting opportunities are made available.
The Observation Record Length Necessary to Generate Robust Soil Moisture Percentiles
Authors: Ford Trent W. , Wang Qing , Quiring Steven M.
Published: July 2016

The ability to use in situ soil moisture for large-scale soil moisture monitoring, model and satellite validation, and climate investigations is contingent on properly standardizing soil moisture observations. Percentiles are a useful method for homogenizing in situ soil moisture. However, very few stations have been continuously monitoring in situ soil moisture for 20 years or more. Therefore, one challenge in evaluating soil moisture is determining whether the period of record is sufficient to produce a stable distribution from which to generate percentiles. In this study daily in situ soil moisture observations, measured at three separate depths in the soil column at 15 stations in the United States and Canada, are used to determine the record length that is necessary to generate a stable soil moisture distribution. The Anderson–Darling test is implemented, both with and without a Bonferroni adjustment, to quantify the necessary record length. The authors evaluate how the necessary record length varies by location, measurement depth, and month. They find that between 3 and 15 years of data are required to produce stable distributions, with the majority of stations requiring only 3–6 years of data. Not surprisingly, more years of data are required to obtain stable estimates of the 5th and 95th percentiles than of the first, second, and third quartiles of the soil moisture distribution. Overall these results suggest that 6 years of continuous, daily in situ soil moisture data will be sufficient in most conditions to create stable and robust percentiles.
Policosanol as a new inhibitor candidate for vascular calcification in diabetic hyperlipidemic rats
Authors: Elseweidy Mohamed M , Zein Nabila , Aldhamy Samih E , Elsawy Marwa M , Saeid Saeid A
Published: July 2016

This work mainly aimed to investigate the probable changes of aortic calcification by policosanol, omega-3 fatty acids in comparison with atorvastatin and subsequent progression of atherosclerosis in diabetic hyperlipemic rat model. Adult male albino rats of wistar strain (30) were divided into five groups ( n = 6/group); one was fed normal diet and was used as a normal group, the other groups received alloxan, atherogenic diet (CCT – rat chow diet supplemented with 4% cholesterol, 1% cholic acid, and 0.5% thiouracil) and categorized as follows: the second group received no treatment and kept as control (diabetic hyperlipidemic control group (DHC)). The other groups received daily oral doses of atorvastatin, policosanol (10 mg/kg body weight) and ω-3 (50 mg/kg body weight), respectively, for eight weeks. Different biomarkers were used for the evaluation that included inflammatory (C reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)), oxidative stress (glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA)) bone calcification markers (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH)), lipogram pattern in addition to histochemical demonstration of calcium in the aorta. Diabetic hyperlipemic group demonstrated significant hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and increased inflammation, oxidative stress, calcification, and finally atherogenesis progression. Treatment of diabetic hyperlipemic rats with, policosanol, omega-3 fatty acids (natural products) and atorvastatin for eight weeks significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Vitamin D, decreased aortic vacuoles number, and inhibited calcification process. Policosanol induced more remarkable reduction in the density and number of foam cells and improved the intimal lesions of the aorta as compared to atorvastatin. Drugs under study exerted hypoglycemic effect along with an inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, and calcium deposition with certain variations but policosanol effect was remarkable in comparison with other drugs.
IL-15 activates mTOR and primes stress-activated gene expression leading to prolonged antitumor capacity of NK cells
Authors: Mao Yumeng , van Hoef Vincent , Zhang Xiaonan , Wennerberg Erik , Lorent Julie , Witt Kristina , Masvidal Laia , Liang Shuo , Murray Shannon , Larsson Ola , Kiessling Rolf , Lundqvist Andreas
Published: July 2016

Key Points

Cytokine-activated NK cells display distinct gene expression programs in response to cytokine withdrawal. IL-15 sustains antitumor functions of NK cells through mTOR-governed metabolic processes.
Scalable metagenomics alignment research tool (SMART): a scalable, rapid, and complete search heuristic for the classification of metagenomic sequences from complex sequence populations
Authors: Lee Aaron Y. , Lee Cecilia S. , Van Gelder Russell N.
Published: July 2016

Background

Next generation sequencing technology has enabled characterization of metagenomics through massively parallel genomic DNA sequencing. The complexity and diversity of environmental samples such as the human gut microflora, combined with the sustained exponential growth in sequencing capacity, has led to the challenge of identifying microbial organisms by DNA sequence. We sought to validate a Scalable Metagenomics Alignment Research Tool (SMART), a novel searching heuristic for shotgun metagenomics sequencing results.

Results

After retrieving all genomic DNA sequences from the NCBI GenBank, over 1 × 1011 base pairs of 3.3 × 106 sequences from 9.25 × 105 species were indexed using 4 base pair hashtable shards. A MapReduce searching strategy was used to distribute the search workload in a computing cluster environment. In addition, a one base pair permutation algorithm was used to account for single nucleotide polymorphisms and sequencing errors. Simulated datasets used to evaluate Kraken, a similar metagenomics classification tool, were used to measure and compare precision and accuracy. Finally using a same set of training sequences we compared Kraken, CLARK, and SMART within the same computing environment. Utilizing 12 computational nodes, we completed the classification of all datasets in under 10 min each using exact matching with an average throughput of over 1.95 × 106 reads classified per minute. With permutation matching, we achieved sensitivity greater than 83 % and precision greater than 94 % with simulated datasets at the species classification level. We demonstrated the application of this technique applied to conjunctival and gut microbiome metagenomics sequencing results. In our head to head comparison, SMART and CLARK had similar accuracy gains over Kraken at the species classification level, but SMART required approximately half the amount of RAM of CLARK.

Conclusions

SMART is the first scalable, efficient, and rapid metagenomics classification algorithm capable of matching against all the species and sequences present in the NCBI GenBank and allows for a single step classification of microorganisms as well as large plant, mammalian, or invertebrate genomes from which the metagenomic sample may have been derived.
The impact of pore-scale magnetic field inhomogeneity on the shape of the nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation time distribution
Authors: Grombacher Denys , Fay Emily , Nordin Matias , Knight Rosemary
Published: July 2016

Measurements of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal’s behavior with time provide powerful noninvasive insight into the pore-scale environment. The time dependence of the NMR signal, which is a function of parameters called relaxation times, is intimately linked to the geometry of the pore space and has been used successfully to estimate pore size and permeability. The basis for the pore size and permeability estimates is that interactions occurring at the grain surface often function as the primary mechanism controlling the time dependence of the NMR signal. In this limit, called the fast diffusion limit, and when each pore can be considered to be isolated, the measured relaxation times are often interpreted as representative of pore sizes. In heterogeneous media, where the NMR signal is described by a distribution of relaxation times, the measured relaxation time distribution is often interpreted as representative of the underlying pore-size distribution. We have explored a scenario in which an additional relaxation mechanism, which arises due to magnetic field inhomogeneity across the pore space, violates the assumption that interactions occurring at the grain surface are the dominant relaxation mechanism. Using both synthetic and laboratory studies, we demonstrate that magnetic field inhomogeneity can lead to a complex relationship between the measured relaxation time distribution and the underlying pore-size distribution. Magnetic field inhomogeneity is observed to lead to a spatially heterogeneous magnetization density across the pore space requiring multiple eigenmodes to describe the evolution of the magnetization within a single pore during the NMR experiment. This results in a breakdown of the validity of the interpretation of the relaxation time distribution as representative of the underlying pore-size distribution for sediments with high magnetic susceptibility.
Involution of a Borden Type 1 Cranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Secondary to Local Arterial Pressure during an Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: Case Report
Authors: Murphy Mary , Norris John
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:

A cranial dural arteriovenous fistula may undergo configurational changes in response to local arterial pressure.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:

A 53-year-old man had two distinct neurosurgical pathological features at presentation: an occipital dural arteriovenous fistula and cervical radiculopathy secondary to spondylosis.

INTERVENTION:

An anterior cervical discectomy and fusion were performed with the patient's head secured to a horseshoe headrest. After surgery, the patient's bruit resolved, and angiography demonstrated involution of the cranial dural arteriovenous fistula with only a small residual arteriovenous shunt.

CONCLUSION:

Sustained local pressure on the scalp may produce favorable symptomatic and angiographic changes in cranial dural arteriovenous fistulae.
Bailouts and the Preservation of Competition: The Case of the Federal Timber Contract Payment Modification Act
Authors: Roberts James W. , Sweeting Andrew
Published: July 2016

We estimate the value of competition in United States Forest Service (USFS) timber auctions, in the context of the Reagan administration's bailout of firms that faced substantial losses on existing contracts. We use a model with endogenous entry by asymmetric firms, allowing survivors to respond to the exit of bailed-out firms by entering more auctions and for these marginal entrants to have lower values than firms that would choose to enter in any event, a selective entry effect. Observed asymmetries and selective entry contribute to us finding that the bailout may have increased USFS revenues in subsequent auctions quite substantially. (JEL D44, H81, H82, L73, Q23)
CODONOBOEA (GESNERIACEAE) SECTIONS IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
Authors: Lim Chung Lu , Kiew Ruth
Published: July 2016

Codonoboea is the largest genus of Gesneriaceae in Peninsular Malaysia with 92 species. Nine sections, Boeopsis, Codonoboea, Didymanthus, Glossadenia, Heteroboea, Pectinati, Reptantes, Salicini and Venusti, have been erected based on morphological characters, such as habit, leaf arrangement and shape, type of inflorescence, number of flowers, corolla type and nectary type. Recent molecular phylogenetic study using ITS and trnL-F sequences show that only section Heteroboea is monophyletic. While the sections of Codonoboea can no longer be maintained as formal taxonomic taxa, as informal groupings they are useful in identification and in constructing keys.
TRICHOMES MORPHOLOGY ON PETALS OF SOME ACANTHACEAE SPECIES
Authors: Juhari Muhammad Amirul Aiman Ahmad , Talip Noraini , Aini Che Nurul , Ruzi Mohamad
Published: July 2016

A preliminary taxonomic study was carried out on seven Acanthaceae species namely as Andrographis paniculata,Pseuderanthemum graciliflorum,P. carruthersii, Asystasia gangetica ssp. micrantha, Ruellia repens, Justicia comata and J. betonica.The study was undertaken to investigate the morphology of trichomes present on the surfaces of flower petal. The variations found in this study are in their types and density. Based on observation, two forms of trichomes are present in all species studies which are glandular and non-glandular trichomes. There are seven types of trichomes found in this study. Trichomes types are shown to have systematic significance that can be used to differentiate and identify certain Acanthaceae species studied.
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF MAIDENHAIR FERN GENUS ADIANTUM (PTERIDACEAE) FROM LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS INDONESIA BASED ON RBCL AND TRNL-F
Authors: Lestari Wenni Setyo , Adjie Bayu , Jaruwatanaphan Tassanai , Watano Yasuyuki , Pharmawati Made
Published: July 2016

The Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia are composed of small islands scattered from Bali to Timor Island. We analyzed a molecular phylogeny of Adiantum collected from Lesser Sunda Islands to reveal its phylogenetic relationships. A total of 12 species of Adiantum from this region and seven species from Java Island were collected and used in this study. Two cpDNA regions (rbcL and trnL-F) were chosen as markers and phylogenetic analyses were conducted using Neighbour-Joining (NJ) and Maximum Parsimony (MP) methods. The tree topologies reconstructed by NJ and MP from specimens used in this study and other species downloaded from GenBank are congruent in which trees are divided into five major clades. Adiantum species of Lesser Sunda Islands are not monophyletic and comprises three clades, i. e. Clade I composed of A. hispidulum group, Clade III composed of A. peruvianum group and Clade IV or A. caudatum group, each together with extra-Lesser Sunda samples. No sample from Lesser Sunda Islands examined is located in Clade II (A. tenerum group) and V (A. capillus-veneris group).
GENETIC DIVERGENCE AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF FROGS IN GENUS FEJERVARYA FROM INDONESIA INFERRED FROM MITOCHONDRIAL 16S rRNA GENE ANALYSIS
Authors: Kurniawan Nia , Djong Tjong Hon , Maideliza Tesri , Hamidy Amir , Hasan Mahmudul , Igawa Takeshi , Sumida Masayuki
Published: July 2016

The Indonesian archipelago is an ideal setting for the study of speciation and biogeography. This archipelago is divided into three island groups based on zoogeography: Sundaland, Wallaceaand the Australian region. In this paper we used frogs in genus Fejervarya (Bolkay) to study biogeography and examine patterns of gene flow across proposed zoogeographic boundaries. Severalmolecular studies on Fejervarya species from Indonesia have been carried out, but comparative studies among members of the genus Fejervarya have yet to be performed. In order to elucidate genetic divergence and geographic distribution of these frogs, we conducted a molecular analysis of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene using 179 frogs from five Fejervarya species. In total we collected from 32 localities in Sumatra, Kalimantan (Indonesian part of Borneo), Java, Bali, Sulawesi and Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia. Molecular phylogenetic analysis recovered 35 haplotypes and showed that frogs in the genus Fejervarya were divided into two well-supported clades. The first group were of three species, F. limnocharis, F. iskandari and F. cf. verruculosa and the other group clade consisted of Fejervarya cancrivora and Fejervarya sp. (Sulawesi-type). The average sequence divergence among these four species ranged from 1.09 to 16.03% (mean = 11.29Â±2.83%). The present results clearly show that there are five Fejervarya species in the Indonesian archipelago. Fejervarya limnocharis and F. cancrivora are widely distributed and sympatric in Sumatra, Borneo and Java. Fejervarya iskandari is not endemic to Java and also occurs in the Lesser Sundas. Fejervarya cf. verruculosa and Fejervarya sp. (Sulawesi-type) are endemic to Lesser Sunda and Sulawesi Island, respectively. Key words: Fejervarya, genetic divergence, geographic distribution, 16S rRNA gene
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in early-onset neonatal sepsis
Authors: Rukmono Prambudi , Dharmasetiawani Nani , Warsono Warsono , Wirasti Yan , Darwin Eryati
Published: July 2016

Background Neonatal sepsis remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns. Early-onset neonatal sepsis occurs in infants under the age of 72 hours, while late-onset neonatal sepsis occurs in infants over the age of 72 hours and may be due to nosocomial infection. Diagnosing neonatal sepsis is a challenge, as its clinical symptoms are not clear. Corroborating tests include routine blood, C-reactive protein (CRP), serology, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) examinations.Objective To compare the TNF-α and IL-6 levels in patients with proven and unproven early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS)Methods This case-control study was done in the Perinatology Unit, Abdul Moeloek Hospital, Lampung. Subjects were under the age of 72 hours with risk factors and clinical symptoms of sepsis. They underwent routine blood tests and blood cultures. Infants with positive cultures were considered to have proven sepsis (26 subjects) and infants with negative blood cultures were considered to have unproven sepsis (26 subjects). All subjects underwent serological examinations of TNF-α and IL-6.Results There were no differences in the basic characteristics of subjects between the two groups. Levels of TNF-α in the sepsis group were significantly higher than in the unproven group [(28.30 vs. 10.96 pg/mL, respectively (P=0.001)]. Furthermore, Il-6 was significantly higher in the proven sepsis group than in the unproven sepsis group [(28.3 vs. 9.69 pg/mL, respectively) (P=0.006)].Conclusion Levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 are significantly higher in infants with proven than unproven early-onset neonatal sepsis.
An 11-Year-Old Girl Presenting with Chronic Knee Pain: A Case Report with Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Maj Muhammad Kamal , Ar Abdul Halim , Faisal Syed A. , Ahmad Johan , Das Srijit
Published: July 2016

Discoid meniscus is the commonest anatomical aberration of the knee joint, among rare cases such as bilateral separated lateral meniscus, accessory lateral meniscus, partial deficiency of the lateral meniscus and double-layered lateral meniscus. An 11-year- old girl presented with history of chronic pain in her right knee for the last 6 months. The problem disturbed her involvement in the sport activities at school. Clinical examination revealed a clicking sensation on knee extension with lateral joint line tenderness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of her right knee showed torn posterior horn of lateral meniscus. Arthroscopy examination revealed a discoid meniscus with absence posterior horn. Posterior horn deficient discoid meniscus is a rare form of a congenital meniscus anomaly. We as clinicians believe that the abnormal shaped meniscus may pose a diagnostic challenge clinically and radiologically. Presentation of this case may be beneficial for orthopaedicians in their daily clinical practice.
The role of Cx36 and Cx43 in 4‐aminopyridine‐induced rhythmic activity in the spinal nociceptive dorsal horn: an electrophysiological study in vitro
Authors: Kay Christopher W. P. , Ursu Daniel , Sher Emanuele , King Anne E.
Published: July 2016

Connexin (Cx) proteins and gap junctions support the formation of neuronal and glial syncytia that are linked to different forms of rhythmic firing and oscillatory activity in the CNS. In this study, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) was used to profile developmental expression of two specific Cx proteins, namely glial Cx43 and neuronal Cx36, in postnatal lumbar spinal cord aged 4, 7, and 14 days. Extracellular electrophysiology was used to determine the contribution of Cx36 and Cx43 to a previously described form of 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP)‐induced 4–12 Hz rhythmic activity within substantia gelatinosa (SG) of rat neonatal dorsal horn (DH) in vitro. The involvement of Cx36 and Cx43 was probed pharmacologically using quinine, a specific uncoupler of Cx36 and the mimetic peptide blocker Gap 26 which targets Cx43. After establishment of 4–12 Hz rhythmic activity by 4‐AP (25 μmol/L), coapplication of quinine (250 μmol/L) reduced 4‐AP‐induced 4–12 Hz rhythmic activity (P < 0.05). Preincubation of spinal cord slices with Gap 26 (100 μmol/L), compromised the level of 4‐AP‐induced 4–12 Hz rhythmic activity in comparison with control slices preincubated in ACSF alone (P < 0.05). Conversely, the nonselective gap junction “opener” trimethylamine (TMA) enhanced 4–12 Hz rhythmic behavior (P < 0.05), further supporting a role for Cx proteins and gap junctions. These data have defined a physiological role for Cx36 and Cx43 in rhythmic firing in SG, a key nociceptive processing area of DH. The significance of these data in the context of pain and Cx proteins as a future analgesic drug target requires further study.
Analytical fundamentals of migration in reflection seismics
Authors: Ray Arnab K.
Published: July 2016

We consider migration in reflection seismics from a completely analytical perspective. We review the basic geometrical ray-path approach to understanding the subject of migration, and discuss the limitations of this method. We stress the importance of the linear differential wave equation in migration. We also review briefly how a wavefield, travelling with a constant velocity, is extrapolated from the differential wave equation, with the aid of Fourier transforms. Then we present a non-numerical treatment by which we derive an asymptotic solution for both the amplitude and the phase of a planar subsurface wavefield that has a vertical velocity variation. This treatment entails the application of the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation, whose self-consistency can be established due to a very slow logarithmic variation of the velocity in the vertical direction, a feature that holds more firmly at increasingly greater subsurface depths. For a planar subsurface wavefield, we also demonstrate an equivalence between two apparently different migration algorithms, namely, the constant-velocity Stolt Migration algorithm and the stationary-phase approximation method.
One-pot synthesis of 2-hydrazonyl-4-phenylthiazoles via [PDBMDIm]Br-catalyzed reaction under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Nikpassand Mohammad , Zare Fekri Leila , Sanagou Sina
Published: July 2016

A clean and environmentally benign route for the preparation of substituted thiazoles 4a–k via a three component reaction of an aldehyde, thiosemicarbazide and a bromoacetophenone in the presence of 3,3′-(pentane-1,5-diyl)bis(1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) bromide is reported. The present methodology offers several advantages such as solvent-free conditions, excellent yields, simple procedure, mild conditions and reduced environmental consequences. The ionic liquid can be recovered and reused. All synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR and elemental analysis.
Efficient Routing of Star–Ring Hybrid Topology with Optical Add and Drop Multiplexer in DWDM System
Authors: Bala Anju , Dewra Sanjeev
Published: July 2016

This paper investigates the performance of star–ring hybrid topology networks with optical add and drop multiplexer (OADM) in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) system with 0.8 nm channel spacing at different bit rates (5, 10 and 15 Gbps) in terms of bit error rate (BER), quality factor and optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR). OADM has the capability to add and drop the new channels and provides the wavelength routing between star and ring topologies. It is observed that the hybrid topology supports 128 users on upper and lower ends with 150 km distance between the nodes of ring network without dispersion compensating fiber.
A Power Compensated Novel Architecture of RM-OXC Based on T-FBG and OC: A High-speed and Cost-effective System
Authors: Singh Manpreet , Dewra Sanjeev
Published: July 2016

This paper presents a high-speed, power-compensated novel architecture of N×N reconfigurable multiwavelength optical cross connect (RM-OXC) based on tunable fiber Bragg grating (T-FBG) and optical circulator (OC). FBG and OC-based OXCs are network elements that play a significant role in optical networks to offer more network survivability and reconfiguration flexibility. Optical signal-to-noise ratio of 71.05, 69.05 and 67.05 dB is achieved with acceptable quality factor of 7.54, 6.95 and 6.41, respectively, with 10 Gbps having input transmission power of −8 dBm at different transmission distances (40, 50, 60 km). It is found that the signal is communicated to a maximum distance of 60 km in the presence of fiber nonlinearities without optical amplifier at 0.8-nm channel spacing.
Up-conversion luminescence in germanate glass and double-clad optical fibre co-doped with Yb3+/Eu3+ ions
Authors: Kochanowicz M. , Zmojda J. , Ragin T. , Miluski P. , Jelen P.
Published: July 2016

In the paper the analysis of up-conversion (UC) luminescence in 0.5Yb
Recent advancements in the “water-window” microscopy with laser-plasma SXR source based on a double stream gas-puff target
Authors: Wachulak P.W.
Published: July 2016

An overview of our recent developments, regarding “water-window” soft X-ray (SXR) microscopy based on a laser-plasma double stream gas puff target sources is presented. The work, presented herein, describes two approaches to SXR microscopy. The first one is a low spatial resolution, achromatic SXR microscopy, employing Wolter type-I objective. The second one is a nanometer spatial resolution SXR microscopy, with the use of a Fresnel zone plate objective, for imaging various objects with quasimonochromatic light, emitted from a double stream gas puff target based short wavelength source. The developments regarding both systems are presented, as well as the possible applications, for which the SXR microscope was already employed. Such compact, table-top size, laboratory type microscopy setups may be employed in the near future for complementary-like studies to other, often used, microscopy techniques.
Spatiotemporal multiplexing method for visual field of view extension in holographic displays with naked eye observation
Authors: Finke G. , Kujawińska M. , Kozacki T. , Zaperty W.
Published: July 2016

In this paper we propose a method which allows to overcome the basic functional problems in holographic displays with naked eye observation caused by delivering too small images visible in narrow viewing angles. The solution is based on combining the spatiotemporal multiplexing method with a 4f optical system. It enables to increase an aperture of a holographic display and extend the angular visual field of view. The applicability of the modified display is evidenced by Wigner distribution analysis of holographic imaging with spatiotemporal multiplexing method and by the experiments performed at the display demonstrator.
Coupling Network Computing Applications in Air-cooled Turbine Blades Optimization
Authors: Shi Liang , Yan Peigang , Xie Ming , Han Wanjin
Published: July 2016

Through establishing control parameters from blade outside to inside, the parametric design of air-cooled turbine blade based on airfoil has been implemented. On the basis of fast updating structure features and generating solid model, a complex cooling system has been created. Different flow units are modeled into a complex network topology with parallel and serial connection. Applying one-dimensional flow theory, programs have been composed to get pipeline network physical quantities along flow path, including flow rate, pressure, temperature and other parameters. These inner units parameters set as inner boundary conditions for external flow field calculation program HIT-3D by interpolation, thus to achieve full field thermal coupling simulation. Referring the studies in literatures to verify the effectiveness of pipeline network program and coupling algorithm. After that, on the basis of a modified design, and with the help of iSIGHT-FD, an optimization platform had been established. Through MIGA mechanism, the target of enhancing cooling efficiency has been reached, and the thermal stress has been effectively reduced. Research work in this paper has significance for rapid deploying the cooling structure design.
Comparison of Female Collegiate Athletes and College Age Cohort in Tuck Jump Assessment
Authors: Smith Craig A. , Olson Brandon K. , Olson Lisa A. , Chimera Nicole J. , Warren Meghan
Published: July 2016

Smith, CA, Olson, BK, Olson, LA, Chimera, NJ, and Warren, M. Comparison of female collegiate athletes and college age cohort in tuck jump assessment. J Strength Cond Res 31(4): 1048–1054, 2017—The tuck jump assessment (TJA) is a plyometric jumping assessment with 10 flaw criteria against which technique is assessed over a 10-second interval. The TJA has been reported as a tool for identifying neuromuscular deficits that increase risk for anterior cruciate ligament injury, but group specific data on female TJA scores are limited. No cut point has been developed for groups with different activity levels or participation in athletics. This study investigated the association between TJA score and athletic participation in college-aged females. One hundred twenty-one females (53 collegiate athletes and 68 college students) completed the TJA. TJA score was the sum of flaws for the 10 criteria observed, and the number of jumps was recorded. Poisson regression was used to assess the association between TJA score and number of jumps. The association between each of the 10 flaws between groups was assessed with the chi-square test. No significant association was found between groups for TJA score (mean ± SD: 4.66 ± 1.07 athletes; 5.45 ± 1.05 college cohort; p = 0.06; β = 0.82). Athletes jumped significantly more times (12.23 ± 1.04 athletes; 9.35 ± 1.04 college cohort). Athletes had a lower proportion of 2 flaws: “thighs do not reach parallel” and “pause between jumps.” Lower statistical power may limit interpretation of the remaining flaws. The lack of control of the number of jumps may impact TJA score. To improve the TJA usefulness on the field and clinic, the protocol may need to standardize the number of jumps.
FUsaM: Framework, con base en una SPL, para la medición de usabilidad en aplicaciones móviles
Authors: Enríquez Juan , Casas Sandra
Published: July 2016

El uso masivo de los dispositivos móviles, asociado a la heterogeneidad de estos y también de los usuarios, implica un desafío al momento de evaluar la usabilidad de las aplicaciones móviles. Es importante disponer de metodologías y herramientas que permitan realizar estudios de usabilidad específicos para este tipo de aplicaciones en las cuales el contexto de uso cambia continuamente. Es necesario que las pruebas de usabilidad sean transparentes para el usuario, recolecten datos de usabilidad  y del contexto de manera automática, no sean intrusivas para la aplicación que se prueba y que soporten en alguna medida la variabilidad de los dispositivos. Para lograr las características mencionadas, en este trabajo se propone un framework denominado FUsaM (Framework de usabilidad móvil) que es extensible y permite generar e integrar pruebas de usabilidad en aplicaciones móviles. Para su diseño e implementación se utiliza el enfoque de construcción de Línea de productos de software (SPL, Software Product Line) combinado con la Programación orientada a características (FOP, Feature-Oriented Programming) y la Programación orientada a aspectos (AOP, Aspect-Oriented Programming). También se presenta un caso de estudio para demostrar la funcionalidad de este.
Medición de la huella de carbono de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica para el periodo 2012-2014. Rumbo a la carbono neutralidad
Authors: Chavarría-Solera Fabián , Molina-León Óscar Mario , Gamboa-Venegas Rebeca , Rodríguez-Flores Jeison
Published: July 2016

La cuantificación y medición de indicadores ambientales como la huella de carbono permite planear medidas encaminadas hacia una mejora de las condiciones que propician un impacto positivo en el entorno, disminuyendo o mitigando la cantidad de emisiones de dióxido de carbono y de otros gases que aceleran el efecto invernadero. La Universidad Nacional (UNA) pretende realizar la medición anual de este indicador, con el fin de poder implementar políticas y acciones que integren a la totalidad de la población universitaria encaminada hacia un buen desarrollo sustentable de la institución. En ese sentido, paralelo a la meta nacional planteada de C-Neutralidad, la UNA busca aportar en los esfuerzos por mitigar, minimizar o compensar el impacto ambiental, con un compromiso integral de su personal y estudiantes. El objetivo de este estudio es el de cuantificar y actualizar, en el periodo de 2012 a 2014, la huella de carbono de la UNA, para poder analizar y comparar su comportamiento en el tiempo, según los aspectos aplicables contemplados en el cálculo. Para el inventario de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) se aplicó la metodología avalada por el Instituto Meteorológico Nacional (IMN), utilizando los factores oficializados, indicados en el Manual de factores de emisión de gases de efecto invernadero, en su cuarta edición del 2014. Como resultado, entre los años 2012 al 2014 se obtuvo un aumento del 22% de la huella de carbono, pasando de 2.906 a 3.568 toneladas CO2 equivalente. Lo anterior debido a aumentos en varios aspectos, como la cantidad de personas en la institución, así como la contaminación emitida por los viajes aéreos. Con estos resultados se pretende identificar aumentos o disminuciones en las emisiones y establecer estrategias o medidas ambientales específicas para su reducción.
Resistencia al glifosato en biotipos de zacate cabezón (Paspalumpaniculatum L.) de la Región del Caribe de Costa Rica
Authors: Ramírez-Muñoz Fernando
Published: July 2016

Durante los años 2012 y 2013 se estudió, en un invernadero en Tambor de Alajuela, la respuesta de biotipos de Paspalumpaniculatum, una maleza poacea, al herbicida glifosato, con el objetivo de determinar su nivel de resistencia. Los biotipos de zacate cabezón provenían de fincas productoras de palmito de pejibaye, banano orgánico y banano convencional de la provincia de Limón, y de bordes de caminos de Guanacaste y Heredia.  A las plantas se les aplicaron dosis crecientes de glifosato y se midió su peso fresco 21 días después. Se encontraron tres biotipos resistentes a glifosato (R), que necesitan de 2,0 a 8,3 veces más herbicida para sufrir una reducción del 50% en su crecimiento con respecto a biotipos susceptibles (S), en fincas de producción convencional de pejibaye y banano con más de 12 años de aplicar glifosato como único método de control de malezas. Los biotipos S provenían de una finca de banano orgánico y de bordes de caminos, donde el uso de glifosato fue nulo o mínimo.
Cognitive Effects of Adenotonsillectomy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Taylor H. Gerry , Bowen Susan R. , Beebe Dean W. , Hodges Elise , Amin Raouf , Arens Raanan , Chervin Ronald D. , Garetz Susan L. , Katz Eliot S. , Moore Reneé H. , Morales Knashawn H. , Muzumdar Hiren , Paruthi Shalini , Rosen Carol L. , Sadhwani Anjali , Thomas Nina Hattiangadi , Ware Janice , Marcus Carole L. , Ellenberg Susan S. , Redline Susan , Giordani Bruno
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE:

Research reveals mixed evidence for the effects of adenotonsillectomy (AT) on cognitive tests in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The primary aim of the study was to investigate effects of AT on cognitive test scores in the randomized Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial.

METHODS:

Children ages 5 to 9 years with OSAS without prolonged oxyhemoglobin desaturation were randomly assigned to watchful waiting with supportive care (n = 227) or early AT (eAT, n = 226). Neuropsychological tests were administered before the intervention and 7 months after the intervention. Mixed model analysis compared the groups on changes in test scores across follow-up, and regression analysis examined associations of these changes in the eAT group with changes in sleep measures.

RESULTS:

Mean test scores were within the average range for both groups. Scores improved significantly (P < .05) more across follow-up for the eAT group than for the watchful waiting group. These differences were found only on measures of nonverbal reasoning, fine motor skills, and selective attention and had small effects sizes (Cohen’s d, 0.20–0.24). As additional evidence for AT-related effects on scores, gains in test scores for the eAT group were associated with improvements in sleep measures.

CONCLUSIONS:

Small and selective effects of AT were observed on cognitive tests in children with OSAS without prolonged desaturation. Relative to evidence from Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial for larger effects of surgery on sleep, behavior, and quality of life, AT may have limited benefits in reversing any cognitive effects of OSAS, or these benefits may require more extended follow-up to become manifest.
Biological parameters of Pseudocurimata boulengeri (Characiformes: Curimatidae) inhabiting the Chongón dam, Ecuador
Authors: Chicaiza Veloz David , Flores Héctor
Published: July 2016

Pseudocurimata boulengeri is an endemic species of Ecuador, which sustains a large group of fisher families. The biological data of this species correspond to reports from lotic systems of Los Ríos province; nevertheless, their trend in a lentic system is not yet known. This paper describes the sex ratio, length-weight relationship, gonad development, spawning season and size at reproductive maturity of P. boulengeri, inhabiting the lentic system of Chongón dam, Ecuador. Fish were caught between 2003 and 2009 using gill nets (2.5"). The total length (Lt) of caught specimens ranged from 10.5 to 35.5 cm, spawning occurred between the months of October and March, and size at first maturity for females was estimated at 17.9 cm (Lt) and 20.0 cm (Lt) for males. Between May and October male and female ratios were as expected (1:1), whereas for May, November and April, females ratios were higher than males, situation that coincided with the spawning season. The limnetic conditions and high production characteristics of Chongón dam, have promoted the availability of a great amount of food for this species, which may have allowed P. boulengeri to have a more extended reproductive season in this favorable environment.