bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESEÑAS
Authors: Moreta Ignasi , Pérez Isasi Santiago , Butinyà Júlia
Published: November 2021

RESEÑAS de: - Manent, Marià. "L’aire daurat. Com un núvol lleuger", edició i introducció a cura de D. Sam Abrams, Martorell, Asesiara, 2020, 238 pp. ISBN: 978-84-16948-57-4 [Ignasi Moreta]. - Dolors Poch y Jordi Julià (eds.). "Escribir con dos voces. Bilingüismo, contacto idiomático y autotraducción en literaturas ibéricas", València, Universitat de València, 2020. 246 pp. ISBN: 978-84-9134-572-5 [Santiago Pérez Isasi]. - Vicent Josep Escartí. "La pesta a València (1647-1648). La Memòria de Francesc Gavaldà i la Carta de Pau d’Alacant", «Debats» 37, València, Institució Alfons el Magnànim 2021, 265 pp. ISBN: 978-84-7822-854-6 [Júlia Butinyà]. - Joan Veny + Lídia Pons i Griera (coords.). "Atles lingüístic del domini català". Cròniques del treball de camp, edició a cura de Lídia Pons i Griera, «Biblioteca de Dialectologia i Sociolingüística», núm. XXII, Barcelona, IEC, Secció Filològica, 419 pp. ISBN: 978-84-9965-548-2 [Júlia Butinyà].
Preparing a Data Archive or Repository for Changing Research Data and Materials Retention Policies
Authors: Bohan Jonathan , Kellam Lynda
Published: November 2021

Archival expectations and requirements for researchers’ data and code are changing rapidly, both among publishers and institutions, in response to what has been referred to as a “reproducibility crisis.” In an effort to address this crisis, a number of publishers have added requirements or recommendations to increase the availability of supporting information behind the research, and academic institutions have followed. Librarians should focus on ways to make it easier for researchers to effectively share their data and code with reproducibility in mind. At the Cornell Center for Social Sciences, we have instituted a Results Reproduction Service (R-Squared) for Cornell researchers. Part of this service includes archiving the R-Squared package in our CoreTrustSeal certified Data and Reproduction Archive, which has been rebuilt to accommodate both the unique requirements of those packages and the traditional role of our data archive. Librarians need to consider roles that archives and institutional repositories can play in supporting researchers with reproducibility initiatives. Our commentary closes with some suggestions for more information and training.
Do I Have To Be An “Other” To Be Myself? Exploring Gender Diversity In Taxonomy, Data Collection, And Through The Research Data Lifecycle
Authors: Gofman Ari , Leif Sam A. , Gunderman Hannah , Exner Nina
Published: November 2021

Objective: Existing studies estimate that between 0.3% and 2% of adults in the U.S. (between 900,000 and 2.6 million in 2020) identify as a nonbinary gender or otherwise gender nonconforming. In response to the RDAP 2021 theme of radical change, this article examines the need to change how datasets represent nonbinary persons and how research involving gender data should approach the curation of this data at each stage of the research lifecycle.

Methods: In this article, we examine some of the known challenges of gender inclusion in datasets and summarize some solutions underway. Using a critical lens, we examine the difference between current practice and inclusive practice in gender representation, describing inclusive practices at each stage of the research lifecycle from writing a data management plan to sharing data.

Results: Data structures that limit gender to “male” and “female” or ontological structures that use mapping to collapse gender demographics to binary values exclude nonbinary and gender diverse populations. Some data collection instruments attempt inclusivity by adding the gender category of “other,” but using the “other” gender category labels nonbinary persons as intrinsically alien. Inclusive change must go farther, to move from alienation to inclusive categories. We describe several techniques for inclusively representing gender in data, from the data management planning stage, to collecting data, cleaning data, and sharing data. To facilitate better sharing of gender data, repositories must also allow mapping that includes nonbinary genders explicitly and allow for ontological mapping for long-term representation of diverse gender identities.

Conclusions: A good practice during research design is to consider two levels of critique in the data collection plan. First, consider the research question at hand and remove unnecessary gendering from the data. Secondly, if the research question needs gender, make sure to include nonbinary genders explicitly. Allies must take on this problem without leaving it to those who are most affected by it. Further, more voices calling for inclusionary practices surrounding data rises to a crescendo that cannot be ignored.
Ações afirmativas no Brasil contemporâneo: dinâmicas e perspectivas
Authors: Souza Flávia Alessandra de
Published: November 2021

O livro é uma contribuição para qualquer pessoa interessada na efetiva superação das desigualdades e injustiças que, ao impactarem de forma brutal a vida de milhões de pessoas negras, indígenas, com deficiência e de mulheres do país, comprometem de modo vexatório e escandaloso o Brasil, tanto internamente como no cenário mundial.
What's the Worst That Could Happen?
Authors: Leigh Andrew
Published: November 2021

Why catastrophic risks are more dangerous than you think, and how populism makes them worse.

Did you know that you're more likely to die from a catastrophe than in a car crash? The odds that a typical US resident will die from a catastrophic event—for example, nuclear war, bioterrorism, or out-of-control artificial intelligence—have been estimated at 1 in 6. That's fifteen times more likely than a fatal car crash and thirty-one times more likely than being murdered. In What's the Worst That Could Happen?, Andrew Leigh looks at catastrophic risks and how to mitigate them, arguing provocatively that the rise of populist politics makes catastrophe more likely.

Leigh explains that pervasive short-term thinking leaves us unprepared for long-term risks. Politicians sweat the small stuff—granular policy details of legislation and regulation—but rarely devote much attention to reducing long-term risks. Populist movements thrive on short-termism because they focus on their followers' immediate grievances. Leigh argues that we should be long-termers: broaden our thinking and give big threats the attention and resources they need.

Leigh outlines the biggest existential risks facing humanity and suggests remedies for them. He discusses pandemics, considering the possibility that the next virus will be more deadly than COVID-19; warns that unchecked climate change could render large swaths of the earth uninhabitable; describes the metamorphosis of the arms race from a fight into a chaotic brawl; and examines the dangers of runaway superintelligence. Moreover, Leigh points out, populism (and its crony, totalitarianism) not only exacerbates other dangers but is also a risk factor in itself, undermining the institutions of democracy as we watch.
Transcriptome profiling of lncRNA and co-expression network in the vaginal epithelial tissue of women with lubrication disorders
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Zhang Jing , Cong Shengnan , Feng Jingyi , Pan Lianjun , Zhu Yuan , Zhang Aixia , Ma Jiehua
Published: November 2021

Background

Vaginal lubrication is a crucial physiological response that occurs at the beginning of sexual arousal. However, research on lubrication disorders (LD) is still in its infancy, and the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in LD remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the function of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of vaginal LD.

Methods

The expression profiles of LD and normal control (NC) lncRNAs were examined using next-generation sequencing (NGS), and eight selected differentially expressed lncRNAs were verified by quantitative real-time PCR. We conducted GO annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses to determine the principal functions of significantly deregulated genes. LncRNA-mRNA co-expression and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed and the lncRNA transcription factors (TFs) were predicted.

Results

From the results, we identified 181,631 lncRNAs and 145,224 mRNAs in vaginal epithelial tissue. Subsequently, our preliminary judgment revealed a total of 499 up-regulated and 337 down-regulated lncRNAs in LD. The top three enriched GO items of the dysregulated lncRNAs included the following significant terms: “contractile fiber part,” “actin filament-based process,” and “contractile fiber”. The most enriched pathways were “cell-extracellular matrix interactions,” “muscle contraction,” “cell-cell communication,” and “cGMP-PKG signaling pathway”. Our results also showed that the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was a powerful platform for predicting lncRNA functions. We determined the three hub genes, ADCY5, CXCL12, and NMU, using PPI network construction and analysis. A total of 231 TFs were predicted with RHOXF1, SNAI2, ZNF354C and TBX15 were suspected to be involved in the mechanism of LD.

Conclusion

In this study, we constructed the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network, predicted the lncRNA TFs, and comprehensively analyzed lncRNA expression profiles in LD, providing a basis for future studies on LD clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Further research is also needed to fully determine lncRNA’s role in LD development.
CONOCIMIENTO DE LAS ENFERMERAS COMUNITARIAS SOBRE CUIDADOS DE LA ENFERMEDAD DE ALZHEIMER
Authors: Garzón Patterson Mabel , Izquierdo Medina Ricardo
Published: November 2021

INTRODUCCIÓN: la demencia representa un alto costo social y económico; la enfermedad de Alzheimer la causa más frecuente, de ahí la importancia que los profesionales que intervienen en la atención y cuidado del paciente con enfermedad de Alzheimer y su cuidador dispongan de conocimientos y habilidades suficientes para su prevención, captación, diagnóstico inicial, seguimiento y tratamiento de los síntomas más comunes. OBJETIVO: identificar los conocimientos que tienen las enfermeras comunitarias sobre los cuidados en la enfermedad de Alzheimer. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo transversal en 20 enfermeras (os) que laboran en el Policlínico Docente “Julio Antonio Mella” del municipio Guanabacoa, durante enero y marzo del año 2018. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, años en el ejercicio profesional, titulación y cuidados al cuidador de pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer. La información se obtuvo del cuestionario de conocimiento. Se utilizó la media, desviación estándar, frecuencia absoluta, porcentaje y el Alpha de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: La media de edad fue de 46,05 años. El 95,0% de los participantes fueron del sexo femenino, el 75,0% Licenciado en Enfermería, con un ejercicio profesional de 30 años y más (60.0%); el 15,0% no refieren cuidados a realizar al cuidador de pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer. CONCLUSIONES: las enfermeras comunitarias que laboran en el Policlínico Docente “Julio Antonio Mella” presentan escasos conocimientos sobre los cuidados a realizar al cuidador del paciente con enfermedad de Alzheimer.
Permanencia, innovación y obsolescencia en el repertorio antroponímico español
Authors:   Universidad de Salamanca, España, Fernández Juncal Carmen
Published: November 2021

La presente investigación indaga acerca de la vitalidad de los antropónimos de la población residente en España comparando los usos onomásticos de las diferentes generaciones en términos de permanencia, innovación y obsolescencia. Apoyándonos en los datos proporcionados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) y complementados por los inventarios de Mateos y Tucker (2008) y Fernández Juncal y Hernández Muñoz (2019) y el corpus SUBTLex, se repasan las características de los nombres estables del repertorio y su posición de referencia onomástica a lo largo de diversas generaciones. Asimismo, se especifican los diversos procedimientos de renovación del inventario, que agrupamos en cinco tipos de recursos: desde los préstamos hasta los cambios ortográficos, en funcionalidad y rango pasando por el papel de los compuestos y de las modas y tendencias. Finalmente analizamos la naturaleza de los nombres en declive y la presencia en este grupo de elementos idiosincrásicos. De manera transversal se señala el papel de la variable género, que muestra diferencias en los hábitos onomásticos dependiendo del sexo de su usuario.
Resolver los desacuerdos: un estudio de casos múltiples sobre la interacción durante la escritura digital y colaborativa
Authors:   Universidad de San Martín / Comité Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Argentina, Godoy Lucía
Published: November 2021

En la escritura digital y colaborativa los estudiantes deben entablar acuerdos para alcanzar los objetivos deseados y para esto desarrollan interacciones en las que negocian los puntos en desacuerdo y logran consenso grupal. En este artículo, con un estudio de casos múltiples, analizamos los recursos lingüísticos y discursivos que movilizan estudiantes de diferentes niveles educativos de Buenos Aires durante la escritura grupal de un trabajo práctico en una plataforma en línea. Los resultados de la investigación indican que los estudiantes, cuando tienen que realizar críticas negativas o dar indicaciones particulares, ponen en funcionamiento diversas estrategias de la cortesía para preservar las imágenes positivas y negativas de los compañeros y las suyas propias. El análisis contrastivo entre los casos nos permitió observar diferencias en cuanto a la variedad de estrategias de la cortesía y a los recursos lingüísticos puestos en juego en relación con el nivel escolar de los estudiantes y también con el tipo de consignas que desarrollan. A partir de esa observación proponemos que en las interacciones durante la escritura digital y colaborativa se activan diferentes agendas y formas de construir la identidad de acuerdo con el nivel escolar de los participantes y con sus finalidades en la escritura.
Las metáforas del tiempo en 3D en chino, español e inglés
Authors:   Universidad Shenzhen, China, Xin Wei
Published: November 2021

Para la noción espacial, existen tres dimensiones: delante-detrás, arriba-abajo, izquierda-derecha. Y el concepto temporal está compuesto por el pasado, el presente y el futuro. En las lenguas del mundo es muy común que usemos los términos espaciales con el fin de expresar los conceptos temporales. En este estudio vamos a estudiar las manifestaciones lingüísticas de la metáfora EL TIEMPO ES ESPACIO de Lakoff (1980) en chino, en español y en inglés. Haremos comparaciones entre las expresiones espacio-temporales en estos tres idiomas para encontrar lo común y lo diferente entre ellos.
Microenvironment Engineering of Ru Single‐Atom Catalysts by Regulating the Cation Vacancies in NiFe‐Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Jin Jing , Han Xu , Fang Yingyan , Zhang Zedong , Li Yaping , Zhang Tianyu , Han Aijuan , Liu Junfeng
Published: November 2021

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with rationally designed microenvironments (defined as coordination environments and electronic configurations) show superior catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability in a majority of reactions. However, the construction of isolated SACs with definite microenvironments to understand the microenvironment–activity relationship is still challenging. Herein, a facile strategy is developed to construct a series of Ru SACs with tunable geometric and electronic structures by employing NiFe‐layered double hydroxides (LDH) with different cation vacancies (MII or MIII) as supports. Detailed spectroscopic characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that the Ru‐O coordination environments and electronic configurations of single‐atomic Ru can be easily tailored by the vacancy regulation. As a result, isolated Ru atoms anchored by MIII vacancies (denoted as Ru1/LDH‐VIII) with Ru‐O‐Ni coordination environments facilitate the desorption of benzaldehyde, thus leading to higher efficiency of benzyl alcohol oxidation with a superior turnover frequency of 1331 h−1.
Dual Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling by Glucose‐Contained Radical Copolymer for MRI‐Guided Photoimmunotherapy
Authors: Cheng Hongwei , Fan Xiaoshan , Ye Enyi , Chen Hu , Yang Jing , Ke Lingjie , You Mingliang , Liu Minting , Zhang Yong‐Wei , Wu Yun‐Long , Liu Gang , Loh Xian Jun , Li Zibiao
Published: November 2021

Aberrant glucose metabolism and immune evasion are recognized as two hallmarks of cancer, which contribute to poor treatment efficiency and tumor progression. Herein, a novel material system consisting of a glucose and TEMPO (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yl)oxyl) at the distal ends of PEO‐b‐PLLA block copolymer (glucose‐PEO‐b‐PLLA‐TEMPO), is designed to encapsulate clinical therapeutics CUDC101 and photosensitizer IR780. The specific core–shell rod structure formed by the designed copolymer renders TEMPO radicals excellent stability against reduction‐induced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) silence. Tumor‐targeting moiety endowed by glucose provides the radical copolymer outstanding multimodal imaging capabilities, including MRI, photoacoustic imaging, and fluorescence imaging. Efficient delivery of CUDC101 and IR780 is achieved to synergize the antitumor immune activation through IR780‐mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) and CUDC101‐triggered CD47 inhibition, showing M1 phenotype polarization of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs). More intriguingly, this study demonstrates PDT‐stimulated p53 can also re‐educate TAMs, providing a combined strategy of using dual tumor microenvironment remodeling to achieve the synergistic effect in the transition from cold immunosuppressive to hot immunoresponsive tumor microenvironment.
A Simple and Ligand‐Free Synthesis of Light and Durable Metal‐TiO2 Polymer Films with Enhanced Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Li Xinyuan , Xu Yikai , Greer Adam J. , Yue Mingjian , Ye Ziwei , McNeill Aaron , Li Chunchun , Mills Andrew , Hu Peijun , Hardacre Christopher , Bell Steven E. J.
Published: November 2021

The photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 can be increased by using co‐catalysts, such as metal nanoparticles, which act as electron sinks to suppress the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. The main challenge in preparing such systems is to create intimate contact between the metal and the TiO2 surface while still maintaining control over the morphology and distribution of the metal nanoparticles in the TiO2 matrix. Here lightweight TiO2 films are prepared by assembling a layer of TiO2 nanoparticles onto a thin polymer support, followed by physical vapor deposition of metal nanoparticles onto the TiO2 surface. Importantly the fabrication does not involve any chemical modifications to the surface of NPs, which allows spontaneous formation of strong chemical bonds between deposited metal and TiO2. Systematic optimization of this process gives materials 6× more catalytically active than the parent TiO2 films and up to 18× more catalytically active than commercial photoactive TiO2 glass. Moreover, the transparent, flexible, and robust polymer support enables the product films to be easily used for repeated photocatalytic reactions. Since the whole fabrication process is scalable and highly reproducible, this approach provides new opportunities for controlled synthesis of a new family of practical high‐performance metal‐ semiconductor hybrid photocatalysts.
Exotic Spintronic Properties of Transition‐Metal Monolayers on Graphyne
Authors: Ren Xiaoxiong , Huang Junsheng , Li Ping , Zhang Yun , Guo Zhi‐Xin
Published: November 2021

The recent discovery of 2D magnetic materials, which are compounds of transition metals (TM) with other elements, has opened new avenues for basic research on low‐dimensional magnetism and potential applications in spintronics. To further explore new 2D magnets of pure TM is an interesting topic. Based on the first‐principles calculations, here a strategy of obtaining monolayer TM magnets, i.e., depositing TM atoms on graphyne (Gy), which has proper hexagonal hollow geometry, is proposed. It is found that a TM monolayer with perfect hexagonal geometry can be formed on Gy. The TM monolayer exhibits a wealth of physical properties in dependence of TM species, such as ferromagnetic and anti‐ferromagnetic ground states, as well as intriguing semimetal and half‐metal characteristics. It is also found that the half‐metal characteristics make the monolayer TM have great potential applications in horizontal magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) devices, where the tunneling magnetoresistance can reach as high as 850 000%. These results provide a new framework for obtaining 2D magnets with outstanding spintronic properties.
Room‐Temperature All‐Solid‐State Lithium–Organic Batteries Based on Sulfide Electrolytes and Organodisulfide Cathodes
Authors: Yang Zihao , Wang Feng , Hu Zijun , Chu Jun , Zhan Hui , Ai Xinping , Song Zhiping
Published: November 2021

All‐solid‐state design is effective to address the challenges of Lithium –organic batteries, such as the dissolution of organic electrode materials (OEMs) and the safety of the Li anode. However, previous attempts, based on carbonyl‐type OEMs failed to achieve acceptable electrochemical performance in room‐temperature all‐solid‐state Li batteries (ASSLBs). Herein, the authors report the first organodisulfide cathode, poly(trithiocyanuric acid) (PTTCA), for ASSLBs. By compositing with carbon nanotubes to enhance the electronic conductivity and using the sulfide electrolyte, Li7P3S11, to build an electrochemically favorable interface, PTTCA demonstrates an electrochemical performance superior to all the OEMs reported so far in ASSLBs at room temperature, including a reversible capacity of 410 mAh g−1, an energy density of 767 Wh kg−1, and a capacity retention of 83% after 100 cycles. It is believed that this work provides new orientation and insights for the further development of both ASSLBs and OEMs.
Multispecies cover crops in organic agricultural systems in the upper U.S. Midwest
Authors: Logsdon S. D. , Cambardella C. A. , O'Brien P.
Published: November 2021

Establishing cover crops (CCs) in organic systems for the upper Midwest can be a challenge due to shorter growing seasons. The aim of this systems study was to compare CC management implemented in a tilled organic system. The main crops were oat (Avena sativa L.), corn (Zea mays L.), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Winter hardy (WH) or winter kill (WK) CC mixes were planted after oat, and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) was planted into oat for the control treatment. The CCs were planted into corn (WH, WK) or after corn harvest (rye [Secale cereale L.], control). Turnip (Brassica rapa L. ssp rapa) were planted after or into soybean (6–17 kg ha–1). Main crop yields were not affected, but CCs performed poorly in corn and soybean for both fall and spring due to dense main crop canopy, dry surface soil, late harvest, and cold fall temperatures. The CC biomass production was greatest following oat because of the longer growing season but still did not establish well as the red clover control needed to be replanted both in 2018 and 2019. Photographic analyses to calculate leaf area index, ground cover, and evapotranspiration revealed few treatment differences throughout the study, which were more likely caused by weather conditions rather than differences in the WH, WK, and control management practices. These findings further demonstrate the difficulties of consistently establishing CC in corn–soybean rotations for the upper Midwest and highlight the need for developing new strategies.
Spatial and temporal variability of soil organic carbon on a corn–soybean watershed with 23 years of agroforestry
Authors: Salceda Miguel , Udawatta Ranjith P. , Nelson Kelly A. , Mendis Sidath S. , Bardhan Sougata
Published: November 2021

Unsustainable agricultural practices deplete soil organic carbon (SOC), affecting ecosystem services, land productivity, soil health, and water quality. This study evaluated the long‐term effects of row crop (RC), agroforestry buffers (AB), grass buffers (GB), and grassed waterways (GWW) on SOC. Agroforestry buffers (grass and tree) and grass buffer treatments were established in 1997 on a corn (Zea Mays L.)–soybean (Glycine Max [L]. Merr.) rotation. Grid soil samples from 86 locations were collected in 10 transects to determine SOC at 0–10 and 10–20 cm depths. The general linear model and the generalized linear mixed model were conducted to evaluate treatment, landscape, soil depth, and series effects on SOC. Kriging interpolation was used to visualize the temporal and spatial change of SOC in the watersheds, comparing samples collected in 2000 and 1994 with samples collected in 2020. The mean SOC percentage (SOC%) in the top 10 cm depth for the RC, AB, GB, and GWW areas was 1.94, 2.19, 2.41, and 2.51%, respectively (ρ < .001). The soil depth was significant (ρ < .001) between samples from 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm. The mean SOC% among soil series showed no significant differences at the studied depths. The mean SOC% of 0–10 cm for RC, AB, and GWW were 1.85, 1.88, and 2.30% in 2000 and 1.94, 2.19, and 2.51% in 2020. The foot‐slope position had the highest (2.41%) and the summit position had the lowest SOC (2.02%) percentages. The SOC% in the RC treatment from 0–10 cm at the summit, backslope, and foot slope positions were ranked 1.83 < 2.22 < 2.31%, respectively. Perennial vegetation and undisturbed land management practices increased SOC compared with the RC areas.
Macrophenology: insights into the broad‐scale patterns, drivers, and consequences of phenology
Authors: Gallinat Amanda S. , Ellwood Elizabeth R. , Heberling J. Mason , Miller‐Rushing Abraham J. , Pearse William D. , Primack Richard B.
Published: November 2021

Plant phenology research has surged in recent decades, in part due to interest in phenological sensitivity to climate change and the vital role phenology plays in ecology. Many local‐scale studies have generated important findings regarding the physiology, responses, and risks associated with shifts in plant phenology. By comparison, our understanding of regional‐ and global‐scale phenology has been largely limited to remote sensing of green‐up without the ability to differentiate among plant species. However, a new generation of analytical tools and data sources—including enhanced remote sensing products, digitized herbarium specimen data, and public participation in science—now permits investigating patterns and drivers of phenology across extensive taxonomic, temporal, and spatial scales, in an emerging field that we call macrophenology. Recent studies have highlighted how phenology affects dynamics at broad scales, including species interactions and ranges, carbon fluxes, and climate. At the cusp of this developing field of study, we review the theoretical and practical advances in four primary areas of plant macrophenology: (1) global patterns and shifts in plant phenology, (2) within‐species changes in phenology as they mediate species' range limits and invasions at the regional scale, (3) broad‐scale variation in phenology among species leading to ecological mismatches, and (4) interactions between phenology and global ecosystem processes. To stimulate future research, we describe opportunities for macrophenology to address grand challenges in each of these research areas, as well as recently available data sources that enhance and enable macrophenology research.
A novel DLL4 mutation in Adams–Oliver syndrome with absence of the right pulmonary artery in newborn
Authors: Rojnueangnit Kitiwan , Phawan Thanyalak , Khetkham Thanitchet , Techasatid Wilaiporn , Sirichongkolthong Boonchu
Published: November 2021

Adams–Oliver syndrome (AOS), a rare inherited disorder, is characterized by scalp and terminal limb defects. Several genes associated with Notch pathway mutations have led to AOS. Here, we report a Thai male newborn presenting with aplasia cutis congenita and absence of a right pulmonary artery, which is suggestive of AOS. This was confirmed by the identification of a novel missense mutation in DLL4, a heterozygous one base pair change at nucleotide 82 (c.82G>C, p.Gly28Arg), which is in N‐terminal domain. This is the first DLL4‐related AOS case with arterial defect.
Analysis of the isomerization of diketopiperazine consisting of proline and aromatic amino acid residues using nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Ishizu Takashi , Sato Popuri , Tsuyama Shiori , Nagao Ryosuke , Fujiki Kanae , Yamaji Amia
Published: November 2021

Under different concentrations of the base potassium deuteroxide KOD, the progress of reactions, such as enolization, D‐substitution, isomerization, and conformational changes of diketopiperazine cyclo(L‐Pro‐L‐Xxx) and cyclo(D‐Pro‐L‐Xxx) (Xxx = Phe, Tyr) in D2O solution, was investigated by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Cyclo(L‐Pro‐L‐Xxx) is mostly isomerized to cyclo(D‐Pro‐L‐Xxx) in D2O solution, whereas cyclo(D‐Pro‐L‐Xxx) is only slightly isomerized to cyclo(L‐Pro‐L‐Xxx) even under stronger basic conditions. After adding a deuterated organic solvent (CD3COCD3, CD3SOCD3 or CD3OD) to a D2O solution of cyclo(L‐Pro‐L‐Xxx), cyclo(D‐Pro‐L‐Xxx), or increasing the temperature of the D2O solution, CH‐π interaction between H9 and the benzene ring of cyclo (D‐Pro‐L‐Xxx) was stronger than that between H8α and the benzene ring of cyclo(L‐Pro‐L‐Xxx).
A novel anti‐freezing methane propellant subcooling approach and its performance analysis
Authors: Wang Lei , Shangguan Shi , Liu Bowen , Li Yanzhong , Xie Fushou , Ma Yuan , Lei Gang
Published: November 2021

Using subcooled propellant could improve the overall performance of spacecraft. In cryogenic propellant subcooling process, liquid nitrogen is the most common cold source. For methane propellant, ice blockage may occur in the propellant subcooling operation since the saturation temperature of liquid nitrogen is lower than the freezing temperature of liquid methane. In this paper, a novel anti‐freezing subcooling approach for methane propellant is proposed. By mixing light alkane such as ethane or propane into methane, a methane mixture propellant with lower freezing temperature could be prepared. To guide the propellant preparation, the working principle of the subcooling scheme is introduced, and the thermodynamic performance of the mixed propellant is analyzed. The results show that for the methane–ethane system, the lowest freezing temperature is 72.9 K when the methane mole fraction is about 0.71. Icing‐free subcooling can be achieved in a liquid nitrogen heat exchanger subcooled approach when the methane fraction is controlled within 0.54 to 0.80. For the methane–propane system, the minimum freezing temperature of 72.0 K occurs at the methane fraction of 0.68, and the non‐icing range is about 0.42–0.79. For the methane–ethane–propane ternary system, the lowest solidification temperature even reaches 63.1 K. Moreover, apparent propellant densification could be yielded by the proposed subcooling scheme. In general, the present subcooling scheme can effectively avoid the freezing risk in the methane subcooling process and also prepare a densified methane propellant, and the new scheme is beneficial for fully exploiting the potential performance of the subcooled methane propellant.
Fluorescent polyacrylamide nanospheres for concentration detection and fluorescent visual oil displacement experiments
Authors: Chen Yipeng , Tang Zhongli , Wang Shuo , Liu Yuxing , Qu Jin , Liu Xinle , Qi Peiyao , Miao Guohao , Liu Xiaofei , Zheng Junping , Yang Haien , Zheng Lijun , Yi Ping
Published: November 2021

Polyacrylamide nanospheres are widely applied enhancing oil recovery polymers in low‐permeability oilfields. However, it is difficult to detect polyacrylamide nanospheres concentration in the produced fluid. In this study, fluorescent polyacrylamide nanospheres were synthesized via a reverse phase microemulsion method by the copolymerization of acrylamide and pyranine derivative. The structure, fluorescence properties, and oil displacement mechanisms of fluorescent polyacrylamide nanospheres were researched. The results indicated that the fluorescence intensity of the nanospheres had a distinct linear relationship with the concentration at a certain concentration range. The relative error of standard curve method was less than 1%. Alkaline conditions and aging process could diminish fluorescence intensity while temperature and ionic species had slightly effect on it. The oil displacement phenomenon of the nanospheres in T‐shaped microchannel, oil–water interface, and glass plate were observed clearly. This work provides support for the practical applications of fluorescent polyacrylamide nanospheres in oilfields.
Hexacoordinated Sn(IV) porphyrin‐based square‐grid frameworks exhibiting selective uptake of CO2 over N2
Authors: Shee Nirmal K. , Lee Chang‐Ju , Kim Hee‐Joon
Published: November 2021

We prepared porphyrin metal–organic frameworks with hexacoordinated Sn(IV) porphyrin trans‐SnX2(TPyP), where X = Cl−, OH−; TPyP = 5,10,15,20‐tetra(4‐pyridyl)porphyrinato dianion, and Cu(II) acetate, namely {[SnCl2(TPyP)]⋅[Cu(OAc)2]4}⋅4DMF⋅4H2O (1) and {[Sn(OH)2(TPyP)]⋅[Cu(OAc)2]4}⋅xSolv (2). X‐ray crystallographic analysis revealed that both materials consisted of the same square‐grid two‐dimensional (2D) sheet. The small difference in the trans‐axial ligand coordinated to the Sn(IV) center creates distinctively different packing structures. As a consequence of the Cl⋯π and Cl⋯Cl interactions between the adjacent layers in 1, squares of stacked 2D layers are well aligned, giving a single type of ordered porous channel. In contrast, adjacent 2D layers in 2 are stacked along the c‐axis with an ABAB sequence with an average delamination of 7.05 Å. The coordination network structures of both materials provide large free voids without interpenetration. Gas sorption studies showed that both porous materials exhibit 10 times higher CO2 adsorption than N2 at 273 K.
Neural response to aggressive and positive interactions in violent offenders and nonviolent individuals
Authors: Taubner Svenja , Hauschild Sophie , Wisniewski David , Wolter Silke , Roth Gerhard , Fehr Thorsten
Published: November 2021

Background

Due to its severe negative consequences, human violence has been targeted by a vast number of studies. Yet, neurobiological mechanisms underlying violence are still widely unclear and it seems necessary to aim for high ecological validity to learn about mechanisms contributing to violence in real life.

Methods

The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated the neurofunction of individuals with a history of violent offenses compared with that of controls using a laboratory paradigm requesting individuals to empathically engage in videos depicting provocative aggressive and positive social interactions from a first‐person perspective.

Results

The contrast of aggressive vs. positive scenarios revealed midbrain activation patterns associated with caudal periaqueductal gray (PAG) in violent offenders; In controls, the rostral PAG was involved. Additionally, only in controls, this contrast revealed an involvement of the amygdaloidal complex. Moreover, in violent offenders the contrast of positive vs. aggressive situations revealed an involvement of areas in the insula, post‐central gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex.

Conclusions

Our results support findings on the differential role of PAG subdivisions in response to threat and point to altered processing of positive social interactions in violent offenders. They further support the notion that changes in PAG recruitment might contribute to violent individuals “taking action” instead of freezing in case of threatening situations.
Search for schizophrenia and bipolar biotypes using functional network properties
Authors: Fernández‐Linsenbarth Inés , Planchuelo‐Gómez Álvaro , Beño‐Ruiz‐de‐la‐Sierra Rosa M. , Díez Alvaro , Arjona Antonio , Pérez Adela , Rodríguez‐Lorenzana Alberto , del Valle Pilar , de Luis‐García Rodrigo , Mascialino Guido , Holgado‐Madera Pedro , Segarra‐Echevarría Rafael , Gomez‐Pilar Javier , Núñez Pablo , Bote‐Boneaechea Berta , Zambrana‐Gómez Antonio , Roig‐Herrero Alejandro , Molina Vicente
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Recent studies support the identification of valid subtypes within schizophrenia and bipolar disorder using cluster analysis. Our aim was to identify meaningful biotypes of psychosis based on network properties of the electroencephalogram. We hypothesized that these parameters would be more altered in a subgroup of patients also characterized by more severe deficits in other clinical, cognitive, and biological measurements.

Methods

A clustering analysis was performed using the electroencephalogram‐based network parameters derived from graph‐theory obtained during a P300 task of 137 schizophrenia (of them, 35 first episodes) and 46 bipolar patients. Both prestimulus and modulation of the electroencephalogram were included in the analysis. Demographic, clinical, cognitive, structural cerebral data, and the modulation of the spectral entropy of the electroencephalogram were compared between clusters. Data from 158 healthy controls were included for further comparisons.

Results

We identified two clusters of patients. One cluster presented higher prestimulus connectivity strength, clustering coefficient, path‐length, and lower small‐world index compared to controls. The modulation of clustering coefficient and path‐length parameters was smaller in the former cluster, which also showed an altered structural connectivity network and a widespread cortical thinning. The other cluster of patients did not show significant differences with controls in the functional network properties. No significant differences were found between patients´ clusters in first episodes and bipolar proportions, symptoms scores, cognitive performance, or spectral entropy modulation.

Conclusion

These data support the existence of a subgroup within psychosis with altered global properties of functional and structural connectivity.
Bully for you: Learn the legal aspects of workplace bullying claims
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: November 2021

Bullying is often seen as a K‐12 problem, primarily as an issue between students. However, workplace bullying is another prevalent form of harassment in the education system, including at institutions of higher education. Although such behavior is common, there are two significant challenges with addressing workplace bullying at colleges and universities; we'll call them definitional and constitutional.
Value added or overload? A study of the countervailing effects of non‐core features on mobile banking apps
Authors: Lyu Venessa Chan , Chin Wynne , Zhang Hongfeng , Liu Vincent
Published: November 2021

Mobile banking apps have begun to provide non‐core functions to users, for example, mobile shopping, identifying nearby activities, and purchasing tickets as an innovation. Nevertheless, few studies have explored the negative impacts of this change (e.g., information overload and unfamiliarity associated with these new services). By developing and testing a research model with 422 questionnaires collected in China, this study aimed to examine users' psychological and behavioral aspects regarding the non‐core features of mobile banking apps by considering two countervailing constructs: appreciation and fatigue. The results show that the non‐core features of mobile banking apps affect the appreciation emotion positively and affect the fatigue emotion negatively. The different effects of the two opposing constructs on the using behavior are also discussed. This study identifies the partial complementary mediation role of lifestyle fit and function fit with the non‐core features of mobile banking apps. By presenting the necessary condition analysis, this study contributes to identifying the necessary and sufficient effects of both lifestyle fit and function fit on users' using experience evaluation. The findings suggest that, in practice, non‐core features of mobile banking apps can be used as a business strategy to influence users' choice in the mobile context.
Ten outcome measures in forensic mental health: A survey of clinician views on comprehensiveness, ease of use and relevance
Authors: Ryland Howard , Cook Jonathan , Fitzpatrick Ray , Fazel Seena
Published: November 2021

Background

Measurement of outcomes in forensic mental health services is essential to ensure that these services are delivering good quality care and treatment. Instruments for outcome measurement should cover all important domains, be easy to implement in a routine clinical context and facilitate transfer of relevant information between clinicians as the patient progresses along a recovery and rehabilitation pathway.

Aims

We sought the views of clinicians on 10 common instruments used as outcome measures in forensic mental health services, especially on their perceived comprehensiveness and ease of use.

Methods

An online survey was used to gather the views of clinicians from a range of professional backgrounds working in forensic mental health services in the United Kingdom. The selected instruments were identified from a previous systematic review of instruments for measuring outcomes in this context. Questions covered comprehensiveness, ease of use, patient involvement, relevance and use for progressing tracking and care planning.

Results

Complete responses were received from 229 individuals. The range of respondents either agreeing or strongly agreeing that individual instruments were comprehensive was 6–39%; easy to use 19%–69%; relevant 31%–78%; useful to measure progress 7–70%; and useful for care planning 33–81%. Respondents reported that, for each of the 10 instruments, full involvement of patients varied between 3% and 22%; partial involvement 12–45%, patients informed, but not involved 11%–28%; and patients not involved or informed 21%‐64%.

Conclusions

The Health of the Nation Outcome Scale Secure, the only instrument designed as an outcome measure, is not regarded by clinicians as useful in that respect and the majority of clinicians do not inform patients they are using it. Clinicians appear most familiar with the Historical Clinical Risk 20 (HCR‐20), which some respondents considered potentially useful as a progress measure but with limited patient involvement. Most respondents did not think that the HCR‐20 is comprehensive. There is a need for outcome measures that are comprehensive, easy to use and have adequate patient involvement in their development and rating.
The “double carotid artery” sign: A rare case of spontaneous carotid dissection
Authors: Papageorgopoulou Chrysanthi P. , Nikolakopoulos Konstantinos. M. , Papadoulas Spyros I.
Published: November 2021

Carotid artery dissection, which accounts for up to 20% of strokes in young patients, usually extends distally and leads to acute stenosis, occlusion and aneurysmal changes with increased risk for thromboembolic events, especially in young people.
Corrosion Inhibition of Peracetic Acid‐Based Disinfectants
Authors: Horn Helena , Niemeyer Bernd
Published: November 2021

Peracetic acid (PAA) is a highly potent disinfectant, exhibiting an outstandingly broad spectrum of activity against various microorganisms and viruses. Nevertheless, one disadvantage when applying PAA for disinfection purposes is the strongly corrosive effect due to its oxidizing properties. The employment of a nonionic surfactant as corrosion inhibitor was evaluated in addition to adjustment of the pH value of the solution, regarding the materials aluminum, stainless steel, copper, brass, polyvinyl chloride, wood, and ceramics. Whereas unmodified PAA solution led to strong corrosive effects on the material surface, this impact was significantly lowered when the pH value was shifted to 7. When in addition a nonionic surfactant was applied, no corrosion phenomena at all were observed.
Nye Tray Versus Sieve Tray: Experimental Study on Hydrodynamic Parameters
Authors: Abbasnia Sadegh , Yu Qiming Jimmy , Nasri Zarrin , Khojasteh Ali
Published: November 2021

The hydrodynamic parameters of a Nye tray were investigated by performing experiments in a tower with a diameter of 1.22 m. Air was used as the gas phase and water was used as the liquid phase. A number of parameters such as the dry pressure drop, the total pressure drop, the clear liquid height, the froth height, and the entrainment were measured. A tray stability factor was obtained using the amount of weeping, the clear liquid height, the dry pressure drop, and the Froude number. All experiments were repeated for the matching sieve tray under the same conditions. Ultimately, advantages and disadvantages were compared, and the results demonstrated that the Nye tray has a couple of advantages over the sieve tray, except that the sieve tray is slightly more stable.
Synergistic Effects in Coaxial Mixers: The Controlling Strategy of the Flow and Shear
Authors: Huang Juan , Zhang Botao , Dai Gance , Chen Chen , Yu Haiyan , Tian Huaixiang
Published: November 2021

Synergistic effects implying that strong flow and high shear can be obtained simultaneously were found in coaxial mixers. The flow field, axial pumping rate Qzave, and shear strain rate were studied to characterize the synergistic effect quantitatively. The indicator of synergy S was proposed to judge the goodness of synergy. The influences of the fluid viscosity, speed ratio, and rotation mode were studied. The S value becomes larger and smaller with increasing fluid viscosity for helical ribbon and pitched blade turbine impellers, respectively. The variation trend is opposite to the increase of the speed ratio. The co‐rotation mode has better mixing performance than that of the counter‐rotation mode at constant specific power.
Construction of Hierarchical Flower‐Shaped (NH4)2V3O8/rGO with Enhanced Zinc Storage Performance**
Authors: Pan Zikang , Ru Qiang , Zheng Minghui , Xu Wengang , Wu Jinlin , Zhang Jun , Chi‐Chun Ling Francis , Wie Li
Published: November 2021

Vanadium‐based cathode materials are being widely investigated in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) due to their high specific capacity. However, poor cycling stability and low conductivity limit their practical applications. Herein, the hierarchical flower‐shaped (NH4)2V3O8/reduced graphene oxide (denoted as NVO/rGO) composite is designed to harvest high‐efficiency Zn storage. Benefiting from the stable layered structure of NVO, the prominent pseudocapacitance, and excellent conductivity of rGO, the NVO/rGO composite exhibits a high specific capacity of 375.3 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, excellent cycling stability of 265.0 mAh g−1 after 3700 cycles at 5.0 A g−1 (capacity retention over 95.3 %), and outstanding rate performance of 263.9 mAh g−1 at 10.0 A g−1 by using traditional coin cells. To further verify the practicability of the NVO/rGO cathode, flexible electrode and xanthan gum electrolyte are adopted to assemble quasi‐solid‐state ZIBs, which exhibit a great specific capacity of 185.0 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and good stability under different bending angles with an impressive capacity retention of 92.2 % after cycling. This study illustrates that hierarchical flower‐shaped NVO/rGO has a promising potential as aqueous or quasi‐solid‐state ZIBs cathode and improves the application of vanadium‐based materials.