bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A descriptive analysis of film music enthusiasts’ purchasing and consumption behaviors of soundtrack albums: An exploratory study
Authors: Keown Daniel J.
Published: March 2015

While a substantial body of research has explored purchasing and consumption behaviors of music consumers, relatively less attention has been devoted toward understanding these behaviors among specific populations of music enthusiasts and sound recording collectors. Using a researcher-designed survey, this exploratory study examined film music enthusiasts’ purchasing and consumption behaviors regarding soundtrack albums. This research indicated no significant differences on whether soundtrack albums were purchased before or after viewing the film of the soundtrack ( p > .05). Specifically, some of the most frequent factors reported for purchasing soundtrack albums among film music enthusiasts were based on the composer, watching the film, desire of owning the newly expanded/extended/remastered/reissued edition, and limited pressings/low quantities available for purchase. Findings suggest that film music enthusiasts seem to base soundtrack purchasing decisions on a variety of factors. These purchasing attributes, unique to film music enthusiasts and album collectors, will be discussed in relation to film music record producers’, critics’, and collectors’ assumptive theories and perspectives.
Lawfare and the juridification of late modern war
Authors: Jones Craig A.
Published: March 2015

Processes of juridification are a defining feature of late modern war. But geographic accounts of war have generally not considered the role that law plays in shaping its conduct. This paper explores the juridification of war using the concept of lawfare. Lawfare may signal an intensification and shift in the relationship between war and law, but I argue that understanding the nature and extent of these changes requires a careful examination of the historical geographies of war, law and lawfare. Drawing from critical legal approaches I offer a preliminary geographical and historical theorization of lawfare so that we may better understand the relationship between war and law today.
Re-thinking residential mobility
Authors: Coulter Rory , Ham Maarten van , Findlay Allan M.
Published: March 2015

While researchers are increasingly re-conceptualizing international migration, far less attention has been devoted to re-thinking short-distance residential mobility and immobility. In this paper we harness the life course approach to propose a new conceptual framework for residential mobility research. We contend that residential mobility and immobility should be re-conceptualized as relational practices that link lives through time and space while connecting people to structural conditions. Re-thinking and re-assessing residential mobility by exploiting new developments in longitudinal analysis will allow geographers to understand, critique and address pressing societal challenges.
Conception, Pregnancy, and Lactation Despite Chronic Intestinal Failure Requiring Home Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Buchholz Bettina M. , Rüland Anna , Kiefer Nicholas , Poetzsch Bernd , von Websky Martin , Kalff Jörg C. , Merz Waltraut M.
Published: March 2015

Background: Short‐term parenteral nutrition is commonly accepted to be safe in pregnancy, but knowledge about the management of pregnancy during long‐term home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is sparse. Methods and Results: A systematic literature review revealed that the published experience is limited to 15 pregnancies with parenteral nutrition from preconception to delivery and beyond. Maternal morbidity was surprisingly low, and fetal outcome was good; however, micronutrient deficiencies may have contributed to fetal anomalies. Herein, we additionally report the case of a 26‐year‐old Caucasian woman with long‐term HPN dependence secondary to short bowel syndrome caused by recurrent thromboembolic mesenteric infarctions who delivered a healthy fetus at 37 weeks of gestation. Individual macronutrient support and adequate micronutrient supplementation ensured normal maternal weight gain and fetal development. Based on the individual maternal risk of recurrent thrombosis, anticoagulant treatment was carefully titrated throughout pregnancy. Furthermore, loss of abdominal domain with a rigid maternal abdominal wall secondary to short bowel syndrome and multiple laparotomies resulted in food intolerance during the third trimester. Still, with multidisciplinary efforts, both mother and the breast‐fed infant were in good health at 12 months after delivery. Conclusions: Taking the reported literature into consideration, we conclude that under the premise of optimal medical care, the risk:benefit ratio for pregnancy of HPN‐dependent women seems to be justifiable. To minimize the risks, we recommend preconception counseling and early referral to a tertiary center offering both a high‐risk pregnancy unit and a nutrition service. In particular, maternal micronutrient levels should be monitored.
Potential of the range extension of compressors with a variable inlet prewhirl for automotive turbocharged engines with an ultra-high-power density
Authors: Zheng Xinqian , Huang Qiangqiang
Published: March 2015

Downsizing is an effective way to improve the fuel economy of an engine and to reduce the emissions. For turbocharged engines, further downsizing or increasing the power density requires air to be compressed to a higher pressure. However, conventional compressors have a narrow stable operating range at high pressure ratios and cannot provide such highly pressurized air for ultra-high-power-density engines. Thus, a variable inlet prewhirl is employed to extend the stable operating range of the compressor. This paper investigates the performance of a centrifugal compressor with different prewhirls and speeds, quantitatively estimates the potential of range extension with a variable inlet prewhirl and discusses the mechanisms thought to be responsible for the range extension. The approach combines steady three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations with theoretical analysis. In order to make the study universal to various applications with a inlet prewhirl, the inlet prewhirl was generated by giving a velocity direction at the inlet boundary of the numerical method. A variable inlet prewhirl from 0° to 60° improves the stable operating range from 23.5% to 49.0% at a pressure ratio of 4.8. The extended range is based on the shifts in the choke line and the surge line with a positive inlet prewhirl. The decreased choking flow with a positive inlet prewhirl is mainly caused by the drop in the work input from the impeller. The dominant factor in reducing the surge flow of compressor is the highly increased stability of the impeller. It is also found that the impeller tends to choke and the diffuser tends to surge with increasing prewhirl. By extending the stable operating range of the compressor with a variable inlet prewhirl from 0° to 60°, the improvement in the maximum pressure for turbocharged engine is about 64% and the increase in the brake torque is estimated to be up to 42%.
A 700-year record of climate and environmental change from a high Andean lake: Laguna del Maule, central Chile (36°S)
Authors: Carrevedo María L , Frugone Matías , Latorre Claudio , Maldonado Antonio , Bernárdez Patricia , Prego Ricardo , Cárdenas Daniela , Valero-Garcés Blas
Published: March 2015

Central Chile is heavily exploited for mineral and water resources, with agriculture and large urban populations all creating intensive landscape use. Few records of past environmental and climate change are available that afford a broader context. To aid in this assessment, we present a 700-year reconstruction from Laguna del Maule (LdM) in the high Andes of central Chile based on sedimentological, geochemical, diatom and pollen analyses. The age model is based on 210Pb/137Cs and 14C dating tied into known volcanic eruptions. Sedimentology consists of organic-rich sediments and diatom oozes with several interspersed volcanic-rich facies and two tephra deposits. Sediment geochemistry exhibits increased productivity (high Br/Ti, biosilica) and more dominant oxic conditions (high Fe/Mn) from AD 1300 to 1400 and from AD 1650 to 1850, likely during periods of relatively lower lake levels and better development of littoral environments. However, during this later period, high elevation vegetation was dominant, indicative of regional cooler/wetter conditions. In contrast, sediments deposited from AD 1850 to 1930 evidence decreased productivity and increased anoxic lake bottom conditions. The ‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA) in LdM is characterized by significant variations in lake dynamics and hydrology with cooler/wetter conditions (AD 1570–1700), major environmental changes in the 18th century and ending at ca. AD 1850. LdM record documents the impact of the LIA in the southern hemisphere and stresses the global nature of this climate period. Large changes in lake dynamics and diatoms assemblages during the 20th century could be related to anthropogenic impacts, but recent changes in climate patterns cannot be excluded.
Indications of shifting cultivation west of the Lapland border: Multifaceted land use in northernmost Sweden since AD 800
Authors: Hörnberg Greger , Josefsson Torbjörn , Bergman Ingela , Liedgren Lars , Östlund Lars
Published: March 2015

Permanent cultivation is generally believed to have been established in the interior of northernmost Fennoscandia later than elsewhere in northern Europe, during or after the late 17th century. Although subtle evidence from various pollen records suggests cultivation may have occurred much earlier in this region, such indications have generally been disregarded. We hypothesized that cultivation was introduced early in the Lapland border zone where western native Sami interacted with coastal farming societies due to the high degree of contact between these communities. Therefore, we investigated historical land usage at three settlement sites in the interior of Sweden’s northernmost territories – two in the Lapland border zone and one in a more westerly traditional Sami area. Analyses of pollen, charcoal and written historical records indicated that cultivation first occurred in AD 800 (700–900) at the westernmost site and one of the border zone sites. Permanent cultivation appears to have been established in c. AD 1480 (1400–1560) and 1750 (1720–1810) in the two Lapland border zone settlements and around AD 1840 (1725–1940) in the westernmost settlement. These results suggest that small-scale shifting cultivation may have been conducted in inland regions of Northern Fennoscandia (including a traditional Sami area) since AD 800. As such, they support the hypothesis that intermittent small-scale cultivation has been going on in these regions for much longer than was previously accepted. Because there was a great mobility of people and ideas across northernmost Fennoscandia, we conclude that the current tendency to describe specific geographical regions as being solely used by ‘nomadic herders’ or ‘permanent farmers’ is inappropriate and fails to capture the complexity of historical land usage.
Bayesian and frequentist approaches to assessing reliability and precision of health-care provider quality measures
Authors: Staggs Vincent S , Gajewski Byron J
Published: March 2015

Our purpose was to compare frequentist, empirical Bayes, and Bayesian hierarchical model approaches to estimating reliability of health care quality measures, including construction of credible intervals to quantify uncertainty in reliability estimates, using data on inpatient fall rates on hospital nursing units. Precision of reliability estimates and Bayesian approaches to estimating reliability are not well studied. We analyzed falls data from 2372 medical units; the rate of unassisted falls per 1000 inpatient days was the measure of interest. The Bayesian methods “shrunk” the observed fall rates and frequentist reliability estimates toward their posterior means. We examined the association between reliability and precision in fall rate rankings by plotting the length of a 90% credible interval for each unit’s percentile rank against the unit’s estimated reliability. Precision of rank estimates tended to increase as reliability increased but was limited even at higher reliability levels: Among units with reliability >0.8, only 5.5% had credible interval length <20; among units with reliability >0.9, only 31.9% had credible interval length <20. Thus, a high reliability estimate may not be sufficient to ensure precise differentiation among providers. Bayesian approaches allow for assessment of this precision.
Diverse economies and alternative spaces: An overview of approaches and practices
Authors: Gritzas Giorgos , Kavoulakos Karolos Iosif
Published: March 2015

Although the origins of the theoretical debate regarding political–economic alternatives are as old as Proudhon, Marx and Engels, discussion concerning alternative economic and political spaces has come to the foreground very recently. More specifically, in the field of geography the most influential approach has been that associated with work on diverse economies, developed initially by Gibson-Graham. Research in this area has increased at a significant rate, revealing a multitude of practices in what we call the hidden ‘neverland’ all over the world, while simultaneously posing a number of new and open questions. This article begins with a review of the main theoretical, methodological and epistemological assumptions underpinning the diverse economies approach. This is followed by a discussion of four concrete types of diverse/alternative spaces; those in post-socialist countries, alternative exchange networks, alternative food networks and the Mondragon cooperative corporation in Spain. The article concludes by arguing that while the debate on alternative and diverse economies may reflect a willingness on the part of the scholars to cooperate in order to build a postcapitalist future, it is also necessary to consider the possibilities and constraints operating at different scales, from individual to global, in order to consider the extent to which alternatives may be successful.
Teen Worker Safety Training
Authors: Zierold Kristina M.
Published: March 2015

Safety training is strongly endorsed as one way to prevent teens from performing dangerous tasks at work. The objective of this mixed methods study was to characterize the safety training that teenagers receive on the job. From 2010 through 2012, focus groups and a cross-sectional survey were conducted with working teens. The top methods of safety training reported were safety videos (42 percent) and safety lectures (25 percent). The top lessons reported by teens were “how to do my job” and “ways to spot hazards.” Males, who were more likely to do dangerous tasks, received less safety training than females. Although most teens are getting safety training, it is inadequate. Lessons addressing safety behaviors are missing, training methods used are minimal, and the time spent is insignificant. More research is needed to understand what training methods and lessons should be used, and the appropriate safety training length for effectively preventing injury in working teens. In addition, more research evaluating the impact of high-quality safety training compared to poor safety training is needed to determine the best training programs for teens.
Leveraging Leaders
Authors: Sharma Payal Nangia , Kirkman Bradley L.
Published: March 2015

We review and synthesize the empowering leadership literature and, as a result, suggest two new provocative lines of inquiry directing future research. Based on a set of testable propositions, we first encourage researchers to answer the question of why empowering leadership occurs. Second, we encourage researchers to explore less positive and unintended, negative outcomes of empowering leadership. To identify opportunities for future work along these two lines, we use four theoretical perspectives including (1) person–situation interactions, (2) followership theory, (3) contingency approaches to leadership, and, (4) the too-much-of-a-good-thing effect. As a result, we set an agenda for the next decade of research on empowering leadership.
Impact of Video Technology on Efficiency of Pharmacist-Provided Anticoagulation Counseling and Patient Comprehension
Authors: Moore Sarah J. , Blair Elizabeth A. , Steeb David R. , Reed Brent N. , Hull J. Heyward , Rodgers Jo Ellen
Published: March 2015

Background: Discharge anticoagulation counseling is important for ensuring patient comprehension and optimizing clinical outcomes. As pharmacy resources become increasingly limited, the impact of informational videos on the counseling process becomes more relevant. Objective: To evaluate differences in pharmacist time spent counseling and patient comprehension (measured by the Oral Anticoagulation Knowledge [OAK] test) between informational videos and traditional face-to-face (oral) counseling. Methods: This prospective, open, parallel-group study at an academic medical center randomized 40 individuals—17 warfarin-naïve (“New Start”) and 23 with prior warfarin use (“Restart”)—to receive warfarin discharge education by video or face-to-face counseling. “Teach-back” questions were used in both groups. Results: Although overall pharmacist time was reduced in the video counseling group ( P < 0.001), an interaction between prior warfarin use and counseling method ( P = 0.012) suggests the difference between counseling methods was smaller in New Start participants. Following adjustment, mean total time was reduced 8.71 (95% CI = 5.15-12.26) minutes (adjusted P < 0.001) in Restart participants and 2.31 (−2.19 to 6.81) minutes (adjusted P = 0.472) in New Start participants receiving video counseling. Postcounseling OAK test scores did not differ. Age, gender, socioeconomic status, and years of education were not predictive of total time or OAK test score. Conclusion: Use of informational videos coupled with teach-back questions significantly reduced pharmacist time spent on anticoagulation counseling without compromising short-term patient comprehension, primarily in patients with prior warfarin use. Study results demonstrate that video technology provides an efficient method of anticoagulation counseling while achieving similar comprehension.
Development of Clinical Pharmacy Key Performance Indicators for Hospital Pharmacists Using a Modified Delphi Approach
Authors: Fernandes Olavo , Gorman Sean K. , Slavik Richard S. , Semchuk William M. , Shalansky Steve , Bussières Jean-François , Doucette Douglas , Bannerman Heather , Lo Jennifer , Shukla Simone , Chan Winnie W. Y. , Benninger Natalie , MacKinnon Neil J. , Bell Chaim M. , Slobodan Jeremy , Lyder Catherine , Zed Peter J. , Toombs Kent
Published: March 2015

Background: Key performance indicators (KPIs) are quantifiable measures of quality. There are no published, systematically derived clinical pharmacy KPIs (cpKPIs). Objective: A group of hospital pharmacists aimed to develop national cpKPIs to advance clinical pharmacy practice and improve patient care. Methods: A cpKPI working group established a cpKPI definition, 8 evidence-derived cpKPI critical activity areas, 26 candidate cpKPIs, and 11 cpKPI ideal attributes in addition to 1 overall consensus criterion. Twenty-six clinical pharmacists and hospital pharmacy leaders participated in an internet-based 3-round modified Delphi survey. Panelists rated 26 candidate cpKPIs using 11 cpKPI ideal attributes and 1 overall consensus criterion on a 9-point Likert scale. A meeting was facilitated between rounds 2 and 3 to debate the merits and wording of candidate cpKPIs. Consensus was reached if 75% or more of panelists assigned a score of 7 to 9 on the consensus criterion during the third Delphi round. Results: All panelists completed the 3 Delphi rounds, and 25/26 (96%) attended the meeting. Eight candidate cpKPIs met the consensus definition: (1) performing admission medication reconciliation (including best-possible medication history), (2) participating in interprofessional patient care rounds, (3) completing pharmaceutical care plans, (4) resolving drug therapy problems, (5) providing in-person disease and medication education to patients, (6) providing discharge patient medication education, (7) performing discharge medication reconciliation, and (8) providing bundled, proactive direct patient care activities. Conclusions: A Delphi panel of hospital pharmacists was successful in determining 8 consensus cpKPIs. Measurement and assessment of these cpKPIs will serve to advance clinical pharmacy practice and improve patient care.
Perceptions of Options Available for Victims of Physical Intimate Partner Violence in Northern India
Authors: Ragavan Maya , Iyengar Kirti , Wurtz Rebecca
Published: March 2015

We used qualitative methodologies to understand perceptions regarding options available for victims of physical intimate partner violence (IPV) in northern India. We interviewed male and female community members along with IPV experts. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using grounded theory. Participants emphasized that a victim of physical IPV should bear the violence, modify her husbands’ behaviors, or seek help from her natal family. Accessing external resources such as the police or nongovernmental organizations was viewed as both socially inappropriate and infeasible. These results have widespread implications and lay the foundation for the development of IPV prevention initiatives in India.
Interaction between a nanocrack with surface elasticity and a screw dislocation
Authors: Wang Xu , Fan Hui
Published: March 2015

In the present analytical study, we consider the problem of a nanocrack with surface elasticity interacting with a screw dislocation. The surface elasticity is incorporated by using the continuum-based surface/interface model of Gurtin and Murdoch. By considering both distributed screw dislocations and line forces on the crack, we reduce the interaction problem to two decoupled first-order Cauchy singular integro-differential equations which can be numerically solved by the collocation method. The analysis indicates that if the dislocation is on the real axis where the crack is located, the stresses at the crack tips only exhibit the weak logarithmic singularity; if the dislocation is not on the real axis, however, the stresses exhibit both the weak logarithmic and the strong square-root singularities. Our result suggests that the surface effects of the crack will make the fracture more ductile. The criterion for the spontaneous generation of dislocations at the crack tip is proposed.
Night-to-Night Variability of Sleep in Children With ADHD and Typically Developing Controls
Authors: Poirier Abbey , Corkum Penny
Published: March 2015

Objective: Research results on the nature of sleep problems in children with ADHD are highly inconsistent. It is frequently reported that children with ADHD show more night-to-night variability in sleep than their typically developing (TD) peers, but this finding is also inconsistent. Lack of methodological control may account for these inconsistent findings. The current study examined the night-to-night variability of sleep between TD children and children with ADHD who were rigorously diagnosed, medication naïve, and free from comorbid mental health disorders. Method: Sleep parameters were analyzed for night-to-night variability across 4 weekday nights using actigraphy in 50 children with ADHD and 50 age- and sex-matched TD children. Results: There was a significant night-to-night variability for only sleep duration, but this was similar in both groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that sleep problems in children with ADHD are not due to greater variability in sleep parameters relative to their TD peers.
An efficient implementation of kernel density estimation for multi-core and many-core architectures
Authors: Lopez-Novoa Unai , Sáenz Jon , Mendiburu Alexander , Miguel-Alonso Jose
Published: March 2015

Kernel density estimation (KDE) is a statistical technique used to estimate the probability density function of a sample set with unknown density function. It is considered a fundamental data-smoothing problem for use with large datasets, and is widely applied in areas such as climatology and biometry. Due to the large volumes of data that these problems usually process, KDE is a computationally challenging problem. Current HPC platforms with built-in accelerators have an enormous computing power, but they have to be programmed efficiently in order to take advantage of that power. We have developed a novel strategy to compute KDE using bounded kernels, trying to minimize memory accesses, and implemented it as a parallel program targeting multi-core and many-core processors. The efficiency of our code has been tested with different datasets, obtaining impressive levels of acceleration when taking as reference alternative, state-of-the-art KDE implementations.
Effects of a Staff Training Program on Community Instructors’ Ability to Teach Swimming Skills to Children With Autism
Authors: Jull Stephanie , Mirenda Pat
Published: March 2015

Several recent studies have shown that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are less physically active than their typically developing peers and are thus at risk of health problems associated with inactivity (e.g., obesity or diabetes). There is a need to examine the effectiveness of interventions such as swimming that are aimed at increasing physical activity, using approaches that are ecologically valid—that is, that are designed to address real-world problems in natural settings with typical intervention agents. This community-based study used a modified non-concurrent multiple baseline design to assess the impact of behavioral skills training to train recreation center staff in the use of discrete trials and visual activity schedules to teach swimming skills to children with ASD in public pools. Following completion of the training, five of six instructors showed evidence of instructional skill acquisition; the sixth instructor showed improvement during baseline, so the effect of the intervention could not be assessed. In addition, an experimental effect for increased compliance was evident for seven of the eight children, and all eight acquired new swimming skills. Social/ecological validity ratings by instructors and parents were uniformly high. The results and limitations are discussed, along with suggestions for future research.
Frictionless elastic contact of crowned roller: Approximate analytical calculation of compliance and contact area
Authors: Kountanya Raja , Jagdale Vijay
Published: March 2015

Formulas for Hertzian frictionless elastic contact are well-known and have been used for a long time. However, they are not directly applicable for a crowned roller, a cylindrical roller with symmetrically rounded corners, deflecting a half-space. For this punch shape, the approximate analytical method of Barber and Billings ( Int J Mech Sci 1990; 32(12): 991–997) was adapted to compute the load–deflection curve and the contact boundary avoiding calculation of pressure distribution. Comparisons were performed with finite element method (FEM) simulations, an adaptive Hertzian quadratic punch surface approximation (AHA) and other published results. Good agreement of analytical load–deflection curves with FEM results was noted but the AHA results deviated significantly from the former two. The FEM contact area resembled a dog-bone shape, the analytical a bow-tie shape and the AHA, by design, an ellipse. Though the AHA contact area was closer to the FEM result numerically, the contact boundary aspect ratio of the analytical model was closer to the FEM. The analytical results simulating conditions from other publications agreed quantitatively for the load–deflection curves and qualitatively for the contact boundary. The non-linear spring characteristic of the crowned roller was quantitatively evaluated for a diverse range of geometry.
Fast thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic modeling approach for mixed lubricated journal bearings in internal combustion engines
Authors: Lorenz Norbert , Offner Günter , Knaus Oliver
Published: March 2015

Journal bearings are key components in internal combustion engines. Their reliability, durability, and economy are of highest importance. Especially, the accurate prediction of friction loss power and wear are essential for the development of an engine. For an appropriate representation of the hydrodynamic load-carrying capacity and also the friction behavior, both the dynamics of the contacting components, the shape of the contacting component surfaces, the amount of the available lubricant, and the properties of the lubricant itself are of importance. A Reynolds-averaged equation with laminar flow conditions in combination with an asperity contact model is a typical modeling approach for that purpose. The lubricant properties are in particular influenced by its thermal conditions on one hand. On the other hand, the thermal conditions are influenced by the mixed lubricated contact conditions as well. These interactions require a coupled modeling approach, which combines the component flexibility and its interaction with load-carrying capacity as well as the thermal behavior of the lubricant and the component surfaces. In this work, a thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic contact model is presented, which computes the oil film temperature using a 2D energy equation. The 2D equation is derived from the equivalent 3D energy equation by integration over the clearance gap height. Besides component material properties such as specific heat capacity, density, heat conductivity for lubricant and structures, also heat transfer through mixed lubricated regimes and partly filled clearance gaps, as implied in cavitation regions, are being considered. The presented method is applied for a typical engineering task of a sensitivity analysis for oils with different viscosity index (VI) improvers in a main bearing of a four-cylinder inline diesel engine. The influence of the oil film temperature on the oil film viscosity and therefore on the load-carrying capacity is shown. Furthermore, the simplified 2D approach is compared with a 3D approach both in terms of obtained result data and in terms of elapsed calculation times. The presented results show similar accuracy of the 2D approach with significantly reduced simulation time compared to the equivalent 3D case.
The relation between balanced need satisfaction and adolescents’ motivation in physical education
Authors: Mouratidis Athanasios , Barkoukis Vassilis , Tsorbatzoudis Charalambos
Published: March 2015

Self-determination theory posits that satisfaction of the needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness represents the basic nutriments for humans’ optimal functioning. It also postulates that with greater the degree to which these three needs are equally satisfied, the quality of motivation is further enhanced. Yet, this premise has remained relatively underexplored. In this correlational study, we surveyed Greek middle-school students ( N = 435; 47.1% males; Mage = 13.95; SD = 0.85) and investigated to what extent balanced need satisfaction contributes over and above the need satisfaction in the prediction of quality of motivation in physical education contexts. Path analysis showed that need satisfaction along with balanced need satisfaction were linked with autonomous motivation but not with controlled motivation. The present findings imply that balanced satisfaction of the needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness can be an additional source of optimal motivation and functioning in physical education.
Identifying attentional deployment tactics in older adults’ written narratives about emotionally upsetting events
Authors: Devereux Paul G , Heffner Kathi L , Doane Michael J , Gosser Brenda , Nolan Michial
Published: March 2015

Essays about distressing events written by 58 older adults on three occasions ( n = 174) were coded to identify how older adults responded when confronting an emotionally upsetting event. Participants limited the experience of negative emotion by transitioning from negative to positive aspects of the event within a writing session, and across sessions, switched writing topics and moved from writing about past events to current problems. The use of attentional deployment tactics was associated with lower negative affect. This study confirms results found in quantitative studies and uncovers new processes that promote emotion regulation.
Effects of glosses on learning of L2 grammar and vocabulary
Authors: Jung Jookyoung
Published: March 2015

The present study examines how glossing of second language (L2) texts affects L2 learners’ reading comprehension as well as their learning of L2 grammar and vocabulary. It employed a pretest, immediate posttest, and delayed posttest design with two treatment sessions. The target features were English unaccusativity and 10 pseudo-word items. Participants were 52 Korean college students learning English, who were randomly assigned to a glossed or unglossed condition. Glossing was achieved by means of providing Korean translation of each targeted item in the margin of the text. Reading comprehension was measured with 14 multiple-choice items for each text. The learning of the target features was assessed with a grammaticality judgment test and a word form and meaning recognition test. These tests were supplemented with reaction time data and binary confidence ratings in order to assess the solidity of the knowledge acquired. The results indicated that glossing significantly facilitated learning of the target constructions, while having no influence on reading comprehension scores. These results will be discussed in light of potential usefulness of glossing as a means to facilitate learning of L2 grammatical and lexical features.
When prosody kicks in: The intricate interplay between segments and prosody in perceptions of foreign accent
Authors: Ulbrich Christiane , Mennen Ineke
Published: March 2015

This study examines the relative contribution of prosody and segments in the perception of foreign-accented speech. Although both prosody and segments have previously been shown to contribute to the degree of foreign accentedness, results for their relative contribution have proven inconclusive and little is known about their interaction. We recorded read speech of five German learners of English – with and without previous exposure to the Belfast English accent – and one native speaker of Belfast English. Through acoustic manipulations that allow separation of prosodic and segmental information in the speech signal, we created combinations of native segments with non-native prosody and vice versa. The resulting stimuli were then presented to 60 native English listeners, who rated their foreign accentedness, in order to establish whether the impact of prosody depends on the degree of foreign accent at the segmental level and/or the other way round. Group analyses of the obtained foreign accent ratings are presented, supplemented by phonetic analyses of the manipulated stimuli and individual L2 speakers. Results confirm that whilst both segments and prosody contributed to foreign accent perception, listeners were more influenced by segments than prosody. In addition, it was found that the impact of prosody on perceived foreign accentedness varied depending on the origin of the segments: listeners’ sensitivity to small prosodic differences from the native norm was compromised when mixed with non-native segments, whereas sensitivity to small prosodic differences from the non-native norm was compromised when mixed with native segments. In light of this, we propose that there needs to be a degree of correspondence between segments and prosody for small deviances in prosody to be perceived. The study thus contributes to research on foreign accent perception and suggests that the interplay between segments and prosody in such perceptions is more intricate than previously thought.
General practice and the Internet revolution. Use of an Internet social network to communicate information on prevention in France
Authors: Veuillotte Isabelle , Morel Gilles , Pitois Stephane , Haler Renaud , Mercier Patricia , Aubry Catherine , Cannet Didier
Published: March 2015

The popularity of social networks and the huge number of exchanges have made them immensely important for the communication of information. This French study explored prevention in hereditary breast cancer using a social Internet network to communicate information. The principal objective was to inform French women aged from 20 to 50 years, using the social network Facebook, about the warning signs of breast cancer in cases of a predisposition to the disease due to a genetic mutation. The secondary objectives were to inform people about screening. An information page entitled “hereditary breast cancer: and if I was concerned?” was distributed in 3 different ways: from friend to friend, via groups of persons, and by targeted advertising. Four articles and 11 messages were distributed over 27 days. The total number of visits for this period amounted to 1019. A total of 81 percent of the Internauts were women and 55 percent of the visitors were aged between 25 and 44 years. Other information campaigns concerning public health issues could be conducted using this tool. A legal framework is necessary to preserve the quality of the medical information provided. This new means of communication, used for prevention purposes, will add to other frequently used methods of communication.
Print advertising in anglophone and francophone Canada from a critical discourse analytical point of view: establishing different relations between the producer and viewer of advertisement images
Authors: Lick Erhard
Published: March 2015

This article investigates whether marketers use different visual designs in Canadian magazine advertisements to establish different types of contacts to, on the one hand, anglophone and, on the other hand, francophone viewers. The results of the content analysis, which is based on the Reading Images: Grammar of Visual Design (2006) model by Kress and Van Leeuwen, show that there are significant differences between the English and French advertisements regarding the relationship between the image-producer and viewer. In particular, there are differences concerning both the social distance and power relations between the image-producer and viewer as well as the involvement and detachment of the viewer.
Persistence Factors Associated With First-Year Engineering Technology Learners
Authors: Christe Barbara
Published: March 2015

Engineering technology learners are understudied group that comprise the T of the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines. Attrition from engineering technology majors is a profound and complex challenge, as substantially less than half of students who begin an engineering technology major persist through the first year. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore and document the authentic lived experiences of retained freshman engineering technology students at a Midwestern urban university in order to explore the factors associated with first-year persistence in the discipline, with particular emphasis on the student's relationship with the institution. Using NVivo 10, seven themes emerged from the interviews of successful first-year learners including personal goals, classmate collaboration, faculty relationships, uneasy beginning, work effort, adaptability, and campus involvement. The study results suggested that social activities outside the classroom may not play a specific role in learner persistence and that engineering technology students possessed strong goal clarity and degree commitment.
The Career Course as a Factor in College Graduation
Authors: Reardon Robert C. , Melvin Brittany , McClain Mary-Catherine , Peterson Gary W. , Bowman William J.
Published: March 2015

Conducting research and engaging in discussions with administrators and legislators can be important contributions toward alleviating the trend toward lower graduation rates among college students. This study used archival data obtained from the university registrar to examine how engagement in a credit-bearing undergraduate career course related to college graduation from a selective southern university. Results suggested that the course was one of four factors predicting graduation rates, including grade point average, changes in major, and withdrawals. The study also found that traditional measures, SAT scores and high school grades, did not effectively predict graduation rates. Implications for best practices in student services and future research are discussed.
Endovascular Treatment of an Aortic Aneurysm Ruptured into the Inferior Vena Cava
Authors: Umscheid Thomas , Stelter Wolf-J.
Published: March 2015

Purpose:

To report the endovascular repair of a rare abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture into the inferior vena cava.

Methods and Results:

A 74-year-old man with a 6.0-cm saccular aortic aneurysm and a previously undiagnosed aortocaval fistula of more than 2 weeks' duration was treated successfully with a Vanguard bifurcated stent-graft. The aneurysm was excluded and no endoleak or communication between the aorta and inferior vena cava was seen on computed tomographic imaging at the 6-month evaluation.

Conclusions:

Aortic endografting in this life-threatening complication is an effective treatment option that avoids the significant blood loss encountered in conventional repair.
Slimgraft: A Percutaneous Endovascular Graft System
Authors: Kerr Andrew , Marsan Ben , Lyon Ross
Published: March 2015

Purpose:

To describe an in vitro feasibility trial of a new percutaneous endograft delivery technique.

Methods and Results:

A water flow model of 9-mm (inner diameter) transparent plastic tubing was used to test the feasibility of sequentially delivering the components of an endograft through a 7-F sheath for assembly in situ. The tubular endovascular graft was fabricated from a 10-mm × 68-mm Wallstent and 50-μm-thick Dacron graft. The graft material was formed into a tube, attached with a suture to a guidewire, and delivered into the plastic tubing. The Wallstent was then delivered through the tubular graft and deployed, affixing the graft to the plastic tube wall. In 4 trials, only 1 attempt was not successful.

Conclusions:

These concepts and techniques may have implications in the development of percutaneously deliverable endovascular grafts.
Malpositioned or Dislocated Aortic Endoprostheses: Repositioning Using Percutaneous Pull-Down Maneuvers
Authors: Görich Johannes , Krämer Stefan , Rilinger Norbert , Sokiranski Roman , Sunder-Plassmann Ludger , Pamler Reinhard , Kapfer Xaver
Published: March 2015

Purpose:

To present the capabilities and potential complications of 2 percutaneous techniques for repositioning malpositioned or dislodged aortic endografts.

Methods:

Seven male patients (median age 67.9 years, range 59 to 78) required correction of misplaced or dislocated endografts in the thoracic (n = 1) or infrarenal abdominal aorta (n = 6). In 1 patient, an infrarenal bifurcated stent-graft was mistakenly deployed across a renal artery; repositioning was accomplished by tugging caudally on a guidewire placed across the endograft bifurcation and exteriorized from both femoral arteries. An inflated balloon catheter was used to reposition 3 dislocated aortic devices (1 thoracic, 2 infrarenal) and 3 iliac graft limbs that had disconnected from the main graft body 6 to 12 months after implantation.

Results:

Repositioning maneuvers were successful in all cases, with the devices being moved from 5 to 27 mm (median 7.8 mm). There were no procedure-related complications.

Conclusions:

Nonsurgical repositioning of misplaced aortic prostheses is technically feasible in individual cases. The risk associated with the procedure, however, cannot yet be evaluated.
Osteomyelitis of the Spine and Abscess Formation in the Left Thigh after Stent-Graft Implantation in the Superficial Femoral Artery
Authors: Brodmann Marianne , Stark Gerhard , Pabst Edmund , Lueger Andreas , Tiesenhausen Kurt , Szolar Dieter , Pilger Ernst
Published: March 2015

Purpose:

To present a rare case of abscess formation around a covered stent in the superficial femoral artery.

Methods and Results:

Two weeks after balloon dilation of a left superficial femoral artery (SFA) occlusion, during which a Hemobahn covered stent had been placed to treat dissection, a 77-year-old nondiabetic male developed intolerable pain and swelling of his left thigh. An abscess had formed around the stent, which was patent; intravenous antibiotic therapy quelled the symptoms, and the patient discontinued his oral antibiotic regimen weeks after discharge. General septicemia ensued. Acute lower limb ischemia and excruciating back pain prompted readmission. The SFA stent-graft occlusion required femoropopliteal bypass; the abscess and spondylodiskitis that had developed in the T12 and L1 vertebrae responded to intravenous antibiotics. The patient is without signs of infection at 6 months.

Conclusions:

Local and systemic infections associated with intraluminal prostheses are rare, and prophylactic antibiotic therapy is not commonly employed. Balloon- or device-induced arterial injury may expose the arterial wall to bacterial colonization, suggesting that patients receiving lengthy stents or experiencing arterial injury during angioplasty should receive antibiotics as a precautionary measure.
Aortic Stent-Grafting with Transrenal Fixation: Use of Newly Designed Spiral Z-Stent Endograft
Authors: Kichikawa Kimihiko , Uchida Hideo , Maeda Munehiro , Ide Koichi , Kubota Yasushi , Sakaguchi Shoji , Nishimine Kiyoshi , Higashiura Wataru , Nagata Takeshi , Sakaguchi Hiroshi , Yoshioka Tetsuya , Ohishi Hajime , Ueda Takashi , Tabayashi Nobuoki , Taniguchi Shigeki
Published: March 2015

Purpose:

To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a newly designed stent-graft placed across the renal arteries for exclusion of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) with short or tortuous proximal necks.

Methods:

Among a group of AAA patients treated with endovascular grafting, 5 had tortuous proximal necks and 13 had necks <20 mm (mean 13 mm). In these 18 cases, a 2-to 3-cm uncovered segment of the stent-graft was placed transrenally using a catheter inserted into the renal artery as a guide for graft margin positioning. A newly designed stent-graft was constructed from a custom-made spiral Z-stent covered with a thin-walled Dacron material; the endografts were deployed through 16-F (aortoaortic model) or 18-F sheaths (bifurcated devices). Renal function was assessed by preoperative and postoperative measurement of urea nitrogen and creatinine. Aneurysm exclusion and renal artery patency were evaluated during follow-up using spiral computed tomography and angiography.

Results:

The stent-grafts were correctly placed at the intended site in all 18 patients. Renal function was not affected except transiently in 1 patient who developed bilateral renal artery stenoses 24 hours after the procedure; Palmaz stents were deployed in each renal artery to reestablish satisfactory blood flow. Of the 33 renal arteries crossed by the bare stent-graft segment, all were patent over a mean 14-month follow-up (range 7–24), including the patient with Palmaz stents implanted for postprocedural renal stenosis. Complete aneurysm exclusion was maintained in 15 (83%) of 18 patients; proximal leaks persisted in 3 patients, including 2 with severely angled proximal necks.

Conclusions:

Transrenal placement of the uncovered leading edge of custom-made spiral Z-stent—based endografts appears feasible and clinically effective in the treatment of AAAs with short or tortuous proximal necks.