bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of an electret generator for energy harvesting without any charging process: Utilization of spontaneous orientation of polar molecules
Authors: Tanaka Y , Matsuura N , Ishii H
Published: December 2019

Vibration-driven electret generators (EGs) for energy harvesting have been intensively studied since they are expected to be used as electric source, especially, for low power consumption devices. EGs have generally capacitor structure consisting of air gap and electret which is a dielectric material with a quasi-permanent electrical charge or dipole polarization. Because charges are induced on top and bottom electrodes by the electret, higher surface charge density (σ) is needed to achieve sufficient output power in EGs. Various techniques have been proposed to make electret with high σ; however, they are one of the factors reducing the productivity. Thus the elimination of charging process is crucially required. In this study, we develop electret film without any charging process by utilizing spontaneous orientation polarization of 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi). A surface potential of TPBi vacuum evaporated film exceeded 46 V at 739 nm, and σ was estimated to be 1.8 mC/m2. In addition, the σ was quite stable in dark and vacuum condition. By taking the advantages of TPBi film, we developed a model EG without any charging process. An AC current in nano-ampere order appeared due to the vibration, suggesting the power generation in EG without charging process.
Promoting sustainable agricultural management through spatio temporal optimization of food crop land based on pedo-agroclimate at Kalalasi region, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Kandari A M , Baja S , Ala A , Kaimuddin  , Kasim S , Taufik Y
Published: December 2019

The purposes of this research were to: (1) analyze the suboptimal land availability and its suitability for food crops; (2) to identify the major and prime food crops; (3) analyze the socio-cultural and economic characteristics of farmers in order to develop local based climate change adaptation strategy and to prioritize major food crops using multi-criteria approach; (4) to promote sustainable crop and land management, through the local specific technologies dealing with the constraints of the Kalalasi Region. As regional based study, this research used overlaid maps of thematic lands, undertaken on suboptimal-land area with dry-climate at Kalalasi Region, Southeast Sulawesi. This study employed a spatial analysis method using GIS. Data collection included data on land biophysics, climate, and farming-based socio-culture and economic, using biophysical and social economic survey method. Land evaluation was carried out using FAO method. The major food crops were identified and analyzed using LQ method. Then, Multi-Criteria Decision Method (MCDM) through an application of AHP was used to promote sustainable crop and land management at the Kalalasi Region. The results of this research showed that: (1) Kalalasi Region had relatively varied characteristics of land biophysic, climate, socio-culture and economic, (2) Potential land availability for the development of food crops was ha, where the land suitability level of S2 (moderately suitable) of ha, S3 (marginally suitable) of ha, and the rest was N1 and N2, (3) there were eight major food crops in the research area, namely: maize, cassava, upland rice, soy bean, sweet potato, ground nut, green bean, and paddy rice, (4) prime or excellent food crops in research area were varied among regions (sub-districts), however, in general, it was concluded that there were four prime food crops, namely: cassava, maize, upland rice, and paddy rice, (5) productive and sustainable crop pattern and land management can be achieved through the application of multiple cropping system, planting diversification, and appropriate planting date for the period of December, January, February, and March, using drought resistant cultivar, and several other efforts for adaptation and conservation, such as mulching and cover crops, to deal with climate change. These were conducted to maintain the land and crop productivity, and the sustainable food availability.
Phytochemical analysis of beneng taro (Xanthosoma undipes K.Koch) leaves: cultivation as raw material for biopesticides for eco-friendly agriculture
Authors: Fatmawaty A A , Hermita N , Hastuti D , Kartina AM , Hilal S
Published: December 2019

Beneng taro (Xanthasoma undipes K.koch) is a local wild taro which grows spreading the land area of Gunung Karang in Pandeglang District, Banten Province. Recently, the demand of Beneng taro tubers is increasing due to improvements in its utilization as a food crops. Therefore, Beneng taro is now being cultivated widely by the farmers. However, the use of Beneng taro is still focus on its tubers, while its leaves has not been utilized and only become an agricultural waste. The aim of research was to find out the chemical content of cultivated Beneng taro leaves as a raw material for biopesticide. The research was conducted from July to September 2018. The leaves sample of cultivated Beneng taro were taken from farmer’s field in Juhut Village, Karangtanjung Sub-district. Phytochemical analysis was accomplished in the laboratory. Further, chemical content in the form of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and oxalic acid were observed. The research result showed that there were negative content for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins in Beneng taro leaves. The cultivated Beneng taro leaves positively containing tannins, and oxalic acid as much as 3448.20 and 8361.52 mg/kg, respectively. The chemical content of tannins in Beneng taro leaves indicated the potential use of Beneng taro as a raw material for biopesticide.
Morphology changes of rice root nucleus under iron stress
Authors: Polosoro A , Enggarini W , Hadiarto T , Ohmido N
Published: December 2019

Understanding the response of the Root Apical Meristem (RAM) region under environmental stress is a long-standing issue in plant biology. Our previous study successfully gave new evidence in the epigenetic level that there is a heterochromatinization, especially in the proximal meristem region in rice under environmental stresses (high iron and salinity). These changes are suspected to be responsible for the reduction of the growth rate of RAM. On this study, we used sensitive (Ciherang), moderate (Nipponbare) and tolerant (Mentong and Siam Arjuna) rice varieties to see the meristematic cell response under high iron content environment. For the methodology, we use the nucleus size as the indicator for cell phase. Normal meristematic cells are dominant in the interphase stage (spread to G0, S, and G1 phase). However, our observation and quantitative analysis showed that iron stress reduced the S, G0, and cell cycle phase and pushed the cell to form G0-like phase. There is no significant difference between tolerant and sensitive rice varieties response, this proves that this response is a general mechanism in abiotic stresses.
Foraging behavior of stingless bee (Geniotrigona thoracica and Heterotrigona itama) on star fruit trees (Averrhoa carambola L.)
Authors: Asma S S , Adam N A , Siti Najwa M Y , Asilah N , Syukri T S , Asiah W N
Published: December 2019

Star fruit produce flowers and fruits nearly the whole year round and it require cross- pollination for good fruit set and yields. An inadequate pollination rate is one of the factor that contributes to low yield. One of the effective way of increasing the pollination rate is by having insect pollinators such stingless bees in the star fruit farm. Malaysia is rich with native pollinator such as stingless bee, but there still lack of study related on their foraging behaviour. Therefore, the objectives were to study the foraging behaviour of Geniotrigona thoracica and Heterotrigona itama on star fruit trees. The colonies of G. thoracica and H.itama were selected for observation of activity foraging of stingless bee. Foraging bees was enumerated by using a manual tally counter to determine the number of individuals that flew out and into their hive within a 10 minute period each hour for each colonies. Then 10 of foragers’ G. thoracica and H.itama were selected randomly and marked using insect colouring on their thorax The period for each flower that visited by G. thoracica and H.itama was recorded by using stopwatch. The number offlower visited by G. thoracica and H.itama also recorded in 3 minutes. Result showed the peak time foraging activity of both stingless bees were in between 8.00am until 10.00am The foraging activity for each hours showed there was not significant differences, p > 0.05. Then the highest number flower visited by G.thoracica in 3 minute is 31 flowers while the lowest number flower visited in 3 minute is 7 flowers. However, for H.itama the highest number visited flowers are 27 and lowest number visited flowers are 8, for the longest average visited period for each flower is 14.76 seconds and the shortest period is 3.57 seconds. Meanwhile for G.thoracica longest average visited period for each flower is 12.88 seconds and the shortest average visited period for each flower is 2.72 seconds. In conclusion, this experiment showed that stingless bees have the characteristic for effective pollinator and have the potential to be used as a pollinator for star fruit trees. However, temperature, humidity and weather gave big influence on the foraging activity of stingless bees on star fruit plant.
Determination of potential level of Indonesian rhizomes as an antioxidant based on phenolic compound and antioxidant activity
Authors: Sandrasari D A , Sabariman M , Azni I N
Published: December 2019

This study was aimed to determined of the potential level of rhizomes from Indonesia as an antioxidant. The calculated of potential level rhizome based on the total phenolic compound and antioxidant activity.The phenolic compound was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau method, antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH (1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method expressed in IC50. Potential level was calculated by comparing the value of total phenolic compound and antioxidant activity. The results showed that red ginger ( Zingiber officinale var Rubrum) had the highest a phenolic and flavonoid content. Therefore that red ginger, Zingiber officinale var Rubrum is the most potential level as an antioxidant followed by Curcuma longa, Curcuma zedoaria, Curcuma zanthorrhiza, and Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.
Total bacteria and milk nutrition using ZnO doped N thin film with visible light to maintain milk quality
Authors: Asror M Z , Ilsatoham M I , Pratiwi N I , Susanto H
Published: December 2019

Milk is susceptible to microbial contamination due to its high nutrient contents. The presence of microbial contamination can damage the nutrients in milk such as protein, fat and lactose. Therefore, there is a need to keep milk quality. ZnO doped N thin film can kill pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this research is to investigate the number of bacteria and milk nutritions (protein, lactose and fat) due to ZnO doped N thin film. Milk samples were obtained from smallholder dairy farm in Central Java. Fresh milk was poured in a beaker glass, then ZnO doped with N thin films and illuminated with visible light. The testing scheme was carried out for 0, 60, 120 and 180 minutes in the refrigerator. Total bacteria was calculated using Total Plate Count (TPC) method. Milk nutrition received using lactoscan (MMC, Bulgaria). The conclusion of this research is ZnO doped N thin film with visible light could reduce total bacteria by 95.2%, Coliform by 66%, S. aureus by 94.4% and milk nutritions in accordance with Indonesian National Standards of fresh milk. Suggestions from this study, it is necessary to apply ZnO doped N thin films in food technology as an effort to maintain milk quality.
Effects of neem plant extract (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and bio-surfactant diethanolamide olien from palm oil to the mortality of cacao moth pest (Conopomorpha cramerella)
Authors: Nurmayulis  , Eris F R , Hastuti D , Utami R T , Denny Y R , Firmansyah T
Published: December 2019

This study aims to determine the response of the addition of neem plant extract (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and biosurfactant of diethanolamide olein palm to the mortality of cocoa moth pest (Conopomorpha cramerella). The research was carried out with experiments. The treatment consisted of 5 levels, namely (1) control (without treatment), (2) young leaf extract of neem plant consisted of 100 ml / 500 ml of water + 5% of biosurfactant dietanolamide palm olein, (3) old leaf extract of neem plant consisted of 100 ml / 500 ml of water + 5% of biosurfactant diethanolamide palm olein, (4) seed extract of neem plant consisted of 100 ml / 500 ml of water + 5% of biosurfactant diethanolamide olein palm, (5) young leaf extract of neem plant and seed extract of neem plant consisted of 100 ml / 500 ml of water + 5% of biosurfactant diethanolamide olein palm, (6) old leaf extract of neem plant and seed extract of neem plant consisted of 100 ml/500 ml of water + 5% of biosurfaktan dietanolamida olein sawit. The results showed that the treatment of neem plant extracts mixture of young leaves and seeds + biosurfactant dietanolamide olein palm gave the best influence in controlling cocoa moth pests. Furthermore, it was followed by the treatment of neem plant extracts mixed with old leaves and seeds + biosurfactant dietanolamide olein palm.
The Characteristics of Shrimp Caught by Trammel net in The Waters of Lontar, Banten
Authors: Mardiah R S , Pramesthy T D
Published: December 2019

Shrimp is one of the high commodities caught in Lontar waters. The Fishing gear used is trammel net. The type of trammel net based on slackness partition has been discussed in previous research. The aim of this study is to identify shrimp caught by trammel net, analyze the legal size of shrimp and analyze the relationship between length and weight of shrimp. The study was conducted in November and December 2018 in waters of Lontar, Banten. The trammel net used is divided into 3 types. The first trammel net is trammel net control (TK) which is not insulated and the distribution of slackness is only under the webbing. The second trammel net is divided into 2 parts (TN A) and the third is divided into 3 parts (TN B). The number of settings is 32 times. The result showed that there were two species of shrimp caught, namely white shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis) and mantis shrimp (Squilla mantis). The total catch of white shrimp is 478 shrimp (14 kg) and 235 shrimp of mantis (7 kg). The length of white shrimp caught in TK is 11-18 cm, TN A is 11-20 cm and TN B is 10-20 cm. The shrimp caught in TK have a size between 10-16 cm. In TN A and B, the size of shrimp caught is 10-23 cm. The total of white shrimp which has legal size is 420 shrimp (88%). The number of mantis shrimp has a smaller than white shrimp, which are 49 shrimp (21%) spread on three types of trammel net. The length and weight relationship between two species of shrimp are the same. The relationship is negative allometric.
Microbial consortia effects on the yields of water spinach in milkfish aquaponics system
Authors: Khastini R O , Idaryanto F R , Alimuddin  , Wahyuni I , Sari I J , Puspita N , Wahyuni A F
Published: December 2019

Aquaponics is a technology combining fish, plants, and microorganisms into one system. In order to better understanding concerning the role of microorganism upon plant growth, this research was focused on the effect of microbial consortia inoculation on the yield of hydroponically water spinach (Ipomea aquaticaForssk) integrated with milk fish (Chanos chanos). The plant growth quality were determined to assess the efficacy of the beneficial microorganism. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five treatments which corresponded to the microbial consortia inoculation containing species ofLactobacillus, species ofBacillus, species ofNitrosomonasandNitrobacterand combination ofLactobacillus caseiandSaccharomyces cerevisaewith three replicates. The result indicated that the water spinach with microbial consortia inoculation higher growth and yields than that of the uninoculated control significantly. However, it was not significantly different on plant yields from the species composition of microbial consortia. The results support the hypothesis that the use of microbial consortia can increase the yields efficiency of aquaponically water spinach. In interesting implication of result findings was that in the aquaponics system, the milk fish can be coupled with the water spinach growing system since its benefits were not dependent upon continuous recirculation between the plant and fish system but also its living biotic community.
Sensory evaluation of synbiotic yoghurt with Banten taro flour as prebiotic
Authors: Kusumasari S , Pamela V Y
Published: December 2019

Banten taro is indigenous food in Banten Province, Indonesia. The functional value of yogurt can be increased by the addition of Banten “beneng” taro flour to stimulate the growth of probiotic bacteria in the digestive tract. Banten taro had potential as prebiotic. Sensory quality was an importance aspect of food product. Flavor change caused by adding Banten taro flour in yoghurt was undetermined. This study was aimed to determined the effect of variation lactic acid bacteria starter for the sensory quality of Banten taro yoghurt synbiotic. A seven-point facial hedonic scale was used to evaluate six yogurt samples. Variation of lactic acid bacteria starter and fortification of modified taro flour was not given significant effect for organoleptic quality (taste, texture, and smell) of synbiotic yogurt. The results showed that the best combination starter to produce yogurt was Lactobacillus bulgaricus + Lactobacillus achidophillus + Streptococcus thermophillus.
Evaluation of land suitability for cultivation of java patchouli (Pogostemon heyneanus Benth) in the dry land of northern Serang, Banten province
Authors: Ritawati S , Utama P , Pancaningsih E , Ismawati
Published: December 2019

This research aimed to determine (1) land suitability limiting factors for Javanese patchouli cultivation in North Serang Regency, Banten Province, (2) the level of land suitability for Javanese patchouli cultivation in North Serang District, Banten Province, (3) land improvement efforts to be suitable for Java Patchouli Plant cultivation in North Serang Regency, Banten Province. This type of research was descriptive research. The study was conducted in the Dry Land of North Serang Regency, Banten Province including Tirtayasa District, Kramatwatu District, and Waringinkurung District. The research was conducted from October 2018 to March 2019. The research consisted of 5 stages: preparation and secondary data collection, preparation of land unit maps, data collection stage in the field (primary data), analysis of land suitability data and stages making land suitability maps. The method of data analysis was done by matching between the characteristics and quality of land in the study area with the criteria for growing patchouli plants. The results showed that : (1) Land suitability limiting factors for Java Patchouli cultivation included the availability of water, rooting media, nutrient availability, terrain conditions. (2) Land use in Tirtayasa sub-district includes land suitability classes S2 (moderately suitable) and S3 (marginally suitable). Land use in Kramatwatu District includes land suitability classes S2 and S3. Land use in Waringinkurung District includes land suitability classes S3 and S2. (3) Efforts to improve land can be made by making terraces, providing efficient additional irrigation, making drainage channels, liming, fertilizing, adding organic matter.
The effects of energy and protein supplementation on liveweight change, body dimension and condition score of Donggala bulls fed corn stover
Authors: Marsetyo  , Rusiyantono Y
Published: December 2019

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of rice bran (energy source) and palm kernel meal (protein source) or their combination supplementation on liveweight change, body dimension and condition score of Donggala bulls given corn stover. The experiment used a completely randomised block design with 4 treatment and 7 replicates. Twenty eight of Donggala bulls were randomly allocated to 4 treatments. The treatments were (1) corn stover (CS), (2) CS added 1% body weight (W) dry matter (DM)/day of rice bran (RB), (3) CS added 1% W DM/d palm kernel meal (PKM) and (4) CS added 1% W DM/d RBPKM (1:1). Observed parameters were average daily gain (ADG), body dimensions, and body condition score (BCS). Analysis of variance showed supplementation of energy and protein sources significantly (P<0.05) increased ADG, chest girth and BCS of Donggala bulls. Height at withers and body length of the bull was not affected (P>0.05) by treatment. Addition of RB or PKM significantly increased ADG, chest girth and BCS. The highest increases in ADG, chest girth and BCS were resulted in RBPKM supplementation. It is concluded that supplementation of energy in combination with protein increased growth performance of Donggala bulls fed low quality forage.
Composition and amino acid profile of fish meal processed using probiotics and prebiotic sources
Authors: Hendalia E , Manin F , Adriani  , Mairizal  , Admiral A R
Published: December 2019

The study evaluated the composition and amino acids profile of trash fish meal (TFM) processed using Probio_FM probiotics (containing Lactobacillus sp.) combined with coconut meal (CM) or palm kernel meal (PKM) as prebiotics sources. The study was arranged in 2×3 factorial design with four replications. The first factor was the prebiotic sources (CM and PKM) and the second factor was the Probio_FM levels (0, 1 and 2%). The TFM was processed by mixing trash fish with CM or PKM and Probio_FM, then it was milled and dried. The TFM processed using CM or PKM combined with 1 - 2% Probio_FM contained 43.77 - 45.81% crude protein. Most essential amino acids, except methionine, were inferior compared to the NRC 1994 table. Arginine, valine and tryptophan was the first, second and third limiting amino acid in TFM, respectively. The chemical score of TFM ranged from 20 to 28%. Combination of PKM with 2% Probio_FM resulted the highest crude protein (45.81%), methionine (2.15%) and chemical score (28%). It was concluded that the TFM processed using PKM combined with 2% Probio_FM had a potential to be used as a source of protein and methionine as well as a source of probiotics.
Progesterone level of normal cycling and repeat breeding Ongole grade cows
Authors: Widayati D T , Darmawan M A , Freitas J da C
Published: December 2019

The present study was carried out to compare plasma progesterone level of normal cycling and repeat breeding Ongole grade cows. On the beginning of the luteal phase, blood samples were collected from 15 fertile and 15 repeat breeding Ongole grade cows. Progesterone hormone level was measured using progesterone hormone kit (DRG, Germany). The data were analyzed using independent sample t-test to determine the differences of progesterone level in repeated breeding and fertile cows. The finding of the study showed significant different progesterone level of between repeat breeding and fertile cows. Repeat breeding cows were found to have lower levels of progesterone level (1.17 ± 0.39 ng/ml) than that of fertile cows (3.07 ± 0.33 ng/ml). Finally, progesterone level of repeat breeding Ongole grade cows was lower than fertile cows. Low level of progesterone can have some effects on reproductive problems as repeat breeding.
Effect of banana and mango waste product as malic acid source on methane gas production
Authors: Saputro W S , Hanim C , Yusiati L M , Bachruddin Z , Pertiwiningrum A
Published: December 2019

The research aimed to determine the effect of banana (Musa acuminata cavendish subgroup) and mango (Mangifera indica, var. Gedong) waste product on methane gas production. Gas production test was used in this research. The fruits waste products were added based on tannin content that consist of 0, 1, 2, 3% concentration. A completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial pattern (2x4) were used and designed based on the type of fruit waste and used concentrations. The result showed that waste product from banana and Mango could reduce on methane gas production (P <0.01) at the concentration 2%. Number of protozoa and digestibility rate did not show significant effect (P >0.05), but reduced pH value at the level 1%. It can be concluded that waste product from banana and mango that contains secondary metabolites can reduce in vitro methane gas production without affecting on digestibility.
The effect of 0.6 and 0.8% Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) levels in the Cauda Epididymal Plasma-2 (CEP-2) diluent to maintain Ongole Crossbred post-thawing motility sperm
Authors: Rachmawati A , Ismaya  , Widyobroto B P , Bintara S , Susilawati T
Published: December 2019

Decreasing in post-thawing sperm motility of Ongole Crossbred (OC) influences the success of conception through artificial insemination (AI). Sperm membrane damaged during frozen storage is assumed as the cause of a decrease in post-thawing motility. Sperm motility is one of the critical indicators of frozen semen processing AI purposes. This study was aimed to assess the best BSA levels in Cauda Epididymal Plasma-2 (CEP-2) diluent in maintaining sperm post-thawing motility. This study used fresh ejaculate of a three-year-old bull, collected once a week using artificial vagina. The experiment was based on BSA level 0; 0.6 and 0.8% in CEP-2+10% egg yolk. The results showed that different BSA levels in CEP-2+10% egg yolk diluents were able to maintain post-thawing sperm motility: 42±2.58; 44±2.11, and 44±2.11% for control (0%), 0. 6% and 0. 8% BSA level, respectively. It is concluded that CEP-2+10% egg yolk + 0.6% BSA level effectively maintained sperm post-thawing motility.
Effect of breed and initial body weight on daily weight gain of Simmental Ongole Crossbred Cattle and Ongole Grade Cattle
Authors: Ngadiyono N , Baliarti E , Widi T S M , Maulana H , Atmoko B A
Published: December 2019

The research was aimed to observe the influence of the breed and the initial body weight on the daily gain of Simmental Ongole crossbred (SimPO) and Ongole grade (PO) cattle in a feedlot system. The research was conducted for three months, used 12 SimPO and 12 PO (age ranged at 1.5-2.5 y), fed by concentrates and King grass. Cattle were grouped as: (I) SimPO <300 kg; (II) SimPO >300 kg; (III) PO < 300 kg; and (IV) PO >300 kg. Feed consumption, average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and feed cost per gain were observed and analyzed using ANOVA. The results showed that ADG, FCR, and feed cost per gain were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by different breeds and initial body weight, while feed consumption was significantly (P<0.05) influenced by initial body weight. There were interactions between breed and initial body weight on feed consumption, FCR, and feed cost per gain. The highest FCR and feed cost per gain showed in group IV. SimPO had higher ADG than PO. Cattle < 300 kg had higher ADG than > 300 kg. Ongole grade > 300 kg were less efficient to be used as feeder cattle in feedlot system.
The role of education in social media adoption of small and medium livestock-based food enterprises
Authors: Syahlani S P , Haryadi F T , Abdillah W , Widyaswara A S
Published: December 2019

Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is commonly applied to analyse contributions of determinant variables on the adoption of communications technology. However, identifying external variables that affect technology adoption need to explore. This research is aimed to identify the role of education variable in the technology adoption. The study was conducted by survey design. One hundred respondents were determined by judgmental sampling method with criterion that respondents are owners or manager of small medium enterprises that use livestock-based product such as meat, eggs and milk in Bantul Regency, Special Province of Yogyakarta. The research showed that Perceived Ease of Use affected Perceived Usefulness (p≤0.001), and both of those variables were critical factors for Attitude Toward Social Media Use (p≤0.001). The study revealed that Intention to Adopt Social Media is affected by Attitude Toward Social Media Use and Perceived Usefulness (p≤0.001). Then, the test found that education moderates relationships between Attitude Toward Social Media Use and more influential users on those with lower education backgrounds (p≤0.05). Even so, education did not moderate relationships between Perceived Usefulness and Intention to Adopt Social Media. In short, the proposed model was able slightly higher in explaining compare to the original TAM.
Blood lipid profile of broiler chicken as affected by a combination of Feed restriction and different crude fiber sources
Authors: Regar M N , Tulung B , Londok J J M R , Moningkey S A E , Tulung Y R L
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to elaborate the effect of feed restriction and different crude fiber sources on blood lipid profiles of broiler chicken. This research was using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in Factorial pattern of 2x4 with 3 replications. The ‘A’ factor was restricted feeding which consisted of no restrictions (A0), and 20% restricted feeding (A1). While ‘B’ factor was source of crude fiber which consisted of: commercial feed (B0), commercial feed + coffee hull meal (B1), commercial feed + rice bran (B2), and commercial feed + coconut oilcake (B3). Parameters observed were serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL level. The results showed that the combination of feed restriction and source of crude fiber in the diets did not affect (P > 0.05) serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL level. The ‘A’ factor gave a significant effect (P < 0.01) on serum cholesterol and LDL level, meanwhile ‘B’ factor gave a significant (P < 0.05) on serum cholesterol, LDL, and HDL level. It can be concluded that feed restriction up to 20% and source of crude fiber from coconut oilcake gave a better results on serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL level.
The effect of birth type on quantitative characteristics in pre-weaned Bligon goats
Authors: Kurniawati N , Latifah  , Maharani D , Kustantinah  , Hartatik T
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to determine the effect of birth type on growth performance in Bligon goats. In total, 88 female Bligon kids kept on a farmer group in Yogyakarta were appraised for quantitative traits. The goat does were divided into two birth types, single and twin. The traits observed were birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), ADG (average daily gain), body length (BL), heart girth (HG), withers height (WH) and hip height (HH). Data were analyzed using T-test. The results indicated that birth type had a significant effect (p<0.05) on BW, BL, HG and WH at birth (mean values 2.65±0.36 kg, 32.12±3.92 cm, 34.17±3.1 cm and 34.73±2.75 cm in single born and 2.03±0.35 kg, 29.43±3.08 cm, 32.29±2.59 cm and 32.88±2.64 cm in twins respectively). Birth type also had a significant effect (p<0.05) on WW, HG, WH, and HH at weaning age (mean values 10.27±2.05 kg, 43.97±3.7 cm, 51.05.±4.65 cm, 49.41±4.50 cm and 51.65±4.54 cm in single born and 8.45±2.47 kg, 41.02±3.5.55 cm, 44.70±5.48 cm, 43.27±5.09 cm and 44.82±4.97 cm in twins respectively). The mean ADG in single born (71.31±26.09 g) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in twins (88.73±22.07 g). In conclusion, birth type affects quantitative characteristics in Bligon goats.
Income share and technical efficiency in the broiler partnership system in Sleman regency, Yogyakarta
Authors: Widiati R , Kusumastuti T A , Andarwati S
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to measure the income share of the owner of production factors of plasma-core in partnership system, and analyze the technical efficiency based on economics of scale. The research was conducted in Sleman Regency as broiler production centre, using 64 determined farmers purposively as samples based on farmers’ participation in the partnership for at least 1 year long. Primary data was acquired by survey method with in-depth interviews using questionnaires. Descriptive analysis showed in average and percentage was used to measure income share in the partnership system, whereas Cobb-Douglass production function was used to determine technical efficiency with OLS method. The results showed that the core company as the owner of the production factors took 87.14% of the gross income for feed, DOC, medicines cost that were supplied. Plasma gets of income share from labor and management as 1.76% and 1.50% respectively. The Cobb-Douglass regression shown that coefficient ß is 0.946 (P <0.01), this which mean the plasma was in a condition of decreasing return to scale. They need better cooperation between core and plasma in the use of production factors such as feed and medicines, then that the plasma can be technically more efficient.
Potential of atung seeds (Parinarium glaberrimum Hassk.) as a phytobiotic candidate in poultry ration based on nutrient composition, phytochemical and antibacterial properties
Authors: Hehanussa S C H , Zuprizal  , Dono N D , Hanim C
Published: December 2019

This study determined the nutrient composition, phytochemical, and antibacterial activity of atung seed (Parinarium glaberrimum Hassk.) as a photobiotic candidate in poultry ration. Analysis of seed nutrient includes proximate analysis, calcium, phosphorus, and gross energy. Qualitative analysis of phytochemical compounds of atung seed extract using the thin layer chromatography method. Antibacterial test on pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria used agar diffusion method with eight concentrations of atung seed and tetracycline as a positive control. Data of nutrient composition and phytochemical components were analyzed descriptively. Data of antibacterial test was analyzed by analysis of variance using nine treatments and four replications. The results showed that the atung seed contains 75.08% nitrogen-free extract and 5847.78 kcal/kg gross energy. Atung seed contains phenol compounds, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids. Atung seed has a moderate to strong inhibition of pathogenic bacteria Escherichia
coli, Salmonella sp., Salmonella pullorum, and Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast, the seed has a weak inhibition against Bifidiobacterium bifidum. It can be concluded that atung seed has the potential as a phytobiotic candidate based on phytochemical components and their ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria.
Characteristics of fermented goat milk using combination of kombucha and Lactobacillus casei starters
Authors: Nurliyani  , Indratiningsih  , Widodo  , Sukarno A S , Suciati F
Published: December 2019

Kombucha is potential for starter for milk fermentation process. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of combination of L. casei and kombucha starters on quality of fermented goat milk. In this study, control group (T0) used 5% L. casei; T1 and T2 groups used 2% L. casei combined with 5% and 10% kombucha, respectively. Data of microbiological (total of bacteria, probiotics, yeast, and acetic acid bacteria); chemical (pH, acidity, lactose, fat, protein, moisture, and fatty acid); antioxidant activity, viscosity, and sensory qualities were analysed using one-way ANOVA. The results showed that the addition 5 and 10% of kombucha starter did not affect the total of bacteria and probiotic, but significantly affected (P<0.01) the total yeast and total acetic acid bacteria. Acidity, pH, lactose, fat, and protein were similar, whereas the linoleic acid was higher in T1 than T2 and T0. Moisture content and antioxidant activity of T2 were higher than T0 and T1. The viscosity of T1 and T2 were lower (P<0.05). Sensory acceptance of fermented milk of T0 and T1 were higher than T2. It is concluded that L. casei combined with 5% kombucha starters (T1) was the best proportion to ferment goat milk.
The effect of fresh and hay alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) supplementation on hybrid duck performance
Authors: Suwignyo B , Sasongko H
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fresh and hay alfalfa supplementation in diets on hybrid duck performance. In total 75 hybrid ducks with three treatments and five replications were used in this study. Each replication consisted of five ducks. The feeds were used in the trial consisted of P0 = Basal diets, P1 = Basal diets + 6 % fresh alfalfa supplementation (based on dry matter) and P2 = Basal diets + 6 % alfalfa hay supplementation (based on the dry matter). Water was given ad libitum. Parameters observed were feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. This study was arranged with Completely Randomized Design. Data was analyzed with ANOVA (α=5%) using the SPSS version 22 continued with Duncan’s new Multiple Range Test if significant results were found. The results showed that basal diets and fresh alfalfa supplementation significantly affected (P<0.05) to feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Supplementation of 6 % alfalfa fresh resulted the highest body weight gain, followed by control (basal diet) and alfalfa hay. The conclusion from this study was supplementation of 6% alfalfa fresh give a better performance (body weight gain and consumption) than alfalfa hay supplementation, but not for FCR.
Application of conventional, vacuum, and retort packaging on the physicochemical and sensory evaluation of ready-to-eat (RTE) ayam kalasan at ambient temperature during two weeks
Authors: Triyannanto E , Fauziah S , Rahmatulloh S , Diqna H I , Putra T I D , Rusman
Published: December 2019

This study was aimed to compare physicochemical, sensory, and shelf life of ready-to-eat (RTE) ayam kalasan, one of indigenous fried chicken from Indonesia using three different packaging. The treatment of packaging materials were P0 (conventional packaging), P1 (vacuum packaging), and P2 (retort packaging). Shelf life test was conducted at 0 and 2 weeks with triplication for each samples. The parameters tested were physicochemical and sensory evaluation. Physicochemical tests were pH, water holding capacity (WHC), tenderness, and proximate analysis (water, collagen, protein, and fat). Sensory parameters which were analyzed namely color, taste, texture, flavor, and tenderness. Data were analyzed using factorial analysis 3 x 2 combined with Duncan test. The results showed that the packaging material with three different methods produced different physicochemical and sensory qualities. The pH value were ranged from 5.96-6.18, WHC at 35.00%-49.30%, and tenderness at 1.94 kg/cm2-3.08 kg/cm2. Results showed that chemical parameters among different packaging ranged from 1.84%-2.15% for collagen, 6.94%-7.62% for fat, 59.40%-67.31% for water, and 24.13%-28.02% for protein. The sensory parameters including color, taste, texture, flavor, and tenderness ranged from 3.20-4.36; 3.73-3.90; 3.73-3.90; 3.10-3.82; and 3.00-4.00 respectively. This preliminary data could be used for further research related longer shelf life of RTE ayam kalasan.
Evaluation of farmer knowledge level on artificial insemination program and cow’s pregnancy in Central Java and Yogyakarta Provinces
Authors: Agustine R , Widi T S M , Putra A R S
Published: December 2019

This study was aimed to determine the level of knowledge of beef cattle farmers towards artificial insemination (AI) and to identify the success of the AI implementation by observing at the cow’s pregnancy rate. This study involved 400 farmers in Central Java and Yogyakarta Provinces as respondents selected by multistage random sampling. Statistical descriptive analysis was used in this study. Frequency distribution used to determine the farmers’ level of knowledge toward AI program and the success of pregnancy rate. The results showed that the farmers in this study had a low level of formal education (elementary school) and had a various understanding of AI benefit. Most of the farmers included in the medium category of understanding the benefits of AI and only 25.5% have a high understanding of the benefits of AI. In conclusion, farmers already knew the signs of estrus in cow and had applied it to determine the right time for AI, but the success rate of pregnancy for beef cattle in this study was still low (48.5%).
Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of chicken nugget with curcuma (Curcuma zanthorrhiza) flour fortification
Authors: Sujarwanta R O , Jamhari  , Suryanto E , Yuliatmo R , Prayitno A H
Published: December 2019

Loss of weight and appetite are significant concerns for many parents with toddlers and preschoolers as poor or ‘picky’ eaters. The combination of healthy yet delicious food for kids is greatly needed to cope this problem. One of them is providing chicken nugget with nutritional content such as curcumin which is able to boost the children appetite. This experiment was conducted to find out the effect of curcuma flour fortification on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of chicken nugget. Five formulations were developed: 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% (w/w) of filler. The chicken nugget was characterized for their physical, chemical, and sensory characteristics. Curcuma flour fortification did not affect the water holding capacity, tenderness, protein, and fat contents of chicken nugget (P>0.05), but increased the vitamin E and curcumin contents of chicken nugget (P<0.05). Sensory characteristic test results showed that the fortification of curcuma flour did not affect acceptability in the sensory characteristic of chicken nugget. In conclusion, chicken nugget with curcuma flour fortification at the level of 2.0% showed the best characteristic of the chicken nugget.
In vitro rumen fermentation of oil palm frond with addition of Lactobacillus plantarum as probiotic
Authors: Astuti W D , Fidriyanto R , Ridwan R , Rohmatussolihat  , Sari N F , Widyastuti Y
Published: December 2019

The research evaluated the effects of substitution of elephant grass (EG) with oil palm frond (OPF) and addition of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum on in vitro rumen fermentation. Treatments were T1: Concentrate 60% + elephant grass 40% + OPF 0%, T2: Concentrate 60% + elephant grass 20% + OPF 20%, T3: Concentrate 60% + elephant grass 0% + OPF 40%, T4: Concentrate 60% + elephant grass 40% + OPF 0% + probiotic, T5: Concentrate 60% + elephant grass 20% + OPF 20% + probiotic, T6: Concentrate 60% + elephant grass 0% + OPF 40% + probiotic. Probiotic increased gas production in each OPF level. Highest gas production from non-probiotic treatments was 99 ml, while highest gas production from probiotic treatments was 124.5 ml. Highest OPF proportion decreased gas production. Highest gas production was resulted from T4 (124.50 ml), higher than T3 (90.63ml). Substitution of EG with OPF decreased methane proportion in probiotic treatments. Highest methane proportion was resulted from T4 (7.31%). Probiotic did not affect digestibility and OPF decreased dry matter and organic matter digestibility. Thus, substitution of EG with OPF decreased gas production and digestibility. Probiotic increased gas production but cannot maintain rumen digestibility as equal as control.
The effect of supplementation of Leucaena leucochepala leaf in Friesian Holstein cows ration on milk production and composition
Authors: Nugroho D F , Suranindyah Y Y , Astuti A
Published: December 2019

This study aims to investigate effect of supplementation of Leucaena leucocephala leaf in the ration on milk production and composition of Friesian Holstein cow. The experiment was performed using 3 treatments namely P0 (basal ration, composed of 40% concentrates + 60% forage of total dry matter), while P1 and P2 contained basal ration and Leucaena Leucocephala leaf, supplemented with 10 and 20% of total forage dry matter (DM), respectively. The experiment was performed for 60 days, with 12 lactation cows at body weight average 400 - 450 kg. Cows were at 3 to 4 months of lactation stage. Parameters observed were milk production (L/d) and milk composition namely percentage of protein, fat and lactose. Results showed that P2 significantly increased milk production compared to P1 and P0, while in milk composition in P1 and P2 were significantly higher compared to control. The average of protein, fat and lactose of milk in P0 were 2.87%, 4.73% and 4.44%, P1 were 2.99%, 3.29% and 4.86%, P3 4.91%, 4.59% and 4.60%, respectively. It is concluded that supplementation of Leucaena Leucocephala leaf at 10 and 20% improve milk composition, but only at 20% supplementation the milk production was increase.
The effect of addition of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on the rancidity process of concentrate feed based on lactic acid bacteria fermentation during aerobic storage
Authors: Pangistika A W , Bachruddin Z , Kurniawati A , Utomo R , Hanim C
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to determine the effect of the addition of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on rancidity process of concentrate feed based on lactic acid bacteria fermentation (CFLAB) in aerobic storage conditions. The treatments were the addition of turmeric extract, turmeric flour, and vitamin E in feed with levels of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and storage for 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 days with three replications. Antioxidant activity was carried out by 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl analysis. The pH, free fatty acids numbers (FFA), and organoleptic analysis were determined in CFLAB quality during storage. DPPH analysis showed that turmeric extract and vitamin E had the best antioxidant activity. Addition of 2% turmeric extract, 2% turmeric flour, and 2% vitamin E lowered the pH. The addition of antioxidant compounds decreased FFA levels compared to controls except for the addition of vitamin E, but in terms of the percentage increase in FFA levels during storage, the addition of 1,5% turmeric flour gave the best results. Physical quality in the form of color, odor, texture, and fungus indicated that the quality of the CFLAB was able to keep in good condition due to the antioxidant sources addition.
Effects of curcumin supplementation in aflatoxin B1-contaminated diet on the performance and egg quality of laying duck
Authors: Sumantri I , Sulaiman A , Gulo N , Wahyuni P
Published: December 2019

The objective of this study was to asses the effects of curcumin supplementation in AFB1-contaminated diet on the performance and external egg quality of laying duck. Fourty eight seven-months female Alabio ducks (Anas platyrinchos
Borneo) were randomly allocated into 3 groups with 4 replicates of 4 ducks per pen: (1) Control (commercial feed); (2) AFB1 100 ppb diet (Control + AFB1-contaminated diet} and (3) CUR diet (AFB1 100 ppb diet + 0.05% Curcumin). Dietary trial was conducted for 42 days. Ducks were weighed on day 21 and 42 to calculate the body weights changes. The percentage of egg production was calculated since 21st day. Egg weight, shell thickness, and yolk weight percentage were determined in egg samples collected on the last three days of the experiment. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (IBM SPSS 21). Results showed live weight and weight gain were signifcantly lower in AFB1 diet (P< 0.05), and curcumin supplementation could diminish the negative effect of AFB1. However, treatments had no significant effects (P > 0.05) on egg production and egg external qualities. It was concluded that curcumin supplementation has positive effects on the laying duck performance which ingest AFB1-contaminated diet.