bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
11. DÖNEM TBMM’DEKİ YASAMA FAALİYETLERİ VE ETKİN ŞAHSİYETLER ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: Sunay Cengiz , Tunç Bilal
Published: September 2024

1946’dan 1960’a kadar on dört yıl boyunca varlık gösteren Demokrat Parti (DP), Türk siyasi tarihinde derin izler bırakmış bir siyasi kuruluştur.1946’da kurulan ve dört yıl boyunca muhalefette kalan DP, 14 Mayıs 1950 seçimleriyle iktidara gelmiş ve sırasıyla yapılan 1954 ve 1957 seçimlerini de kazanarak on yıl boyunca iktidarda kalmayı başarmıştır. Başta Celal Bayar olmak üzere Adnan Menderes, Refik Koraltan ve Fuat Köprülü tarafından kurulan DP’nin tarihinde 1957 seçimleri son derece önemlidir. Zira bu seçimler, bahsi geçen partinin sonunun başlangıcını oluşturmuştur. Esasında DP, iktidara gelmesinin ardından 1950-1954 yılları arasında ülkeye ekonomik ve siyasal anlamda büyük katkılar sağlamış ve bundan dolayı da 1954 genel seçimlerini de bü-yük bir çoğunlukla kazanmıştır. Ancak 1955’ten sonra başta siyasi ve ekonomik sorunlar olmak üzere birçok et-ken, DP’ye karşı halktan ve muhalefet partilerinden büyük tepkilerin oluşmasına ortam hazırlamıştır. Bu süreçte söz konusu sorunlardan ötürü hem muhalefetten hem de halktan tepki alan DP, baskıcı mahiyette kanunlar çıka-rarak tepkilerin önüne geçmek istemiş ve bunun bir adımı olarak da 1958’de yapılması gereken genel seçimleri bir yıl erkene almıştır. Bu bağlamda 27 Ekim 1957’de yapılan seçimler neticesinde TBMM’de 11. Dönem yasama dönemi başlamış oluyordu. Yukarıda izah olunduğu üzere 1957 seçimleri DP’nin son derece zorlu bir döneminde yapılmıştır. Haliyle de böyle zorlu bir süreçte oluşturulan yeni Meclis’te iktidar ve muhalefet partileri arasında büyük tartışmalar yaşanmış ve bu zorlu süreç, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’ni 27 Mayıs 1960 Askeri Darbesini yaşama-sına ortam hazırlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın hazırlanmasındaki temel amaç ve hedef, DP’nin çok zor şartlar altında kazandığı ve yeniden iktidar geldiği 1957 seçimlerinden sonra TBMM’de nasıl bir ortamın oluştuğunu ve bu tar-tışma ortamlarında önemli kişilerin rollerini ve etkilerini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu amaç ve hedef doğrultusunda, tarafımızdan hazırlanan çalışma telif eserlerden istifade edilerek oluşturulmuştur. Son olarak, bu makale nitel bir çalışma olup; burada doküman analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır.
Can Puborectalis Muscle and Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Thickness Indicate Dyssynergic Defecation?
Authors: Çamur Eren , Acar Dilek
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Chronic constipation (CC) is a common issue in primary care and gastroenterology. Defined variably by patients and clinicians, CC per Rome III criteria requires symptoms for six months, present three or more days per month for three months. Dyssynergic defecation (DD), a functional constipation type, involves the failure of pelvic floor muscles to relax during defecation. This study examines the relationship between DD, puborectalis muscle thickness, and subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness via MR defecography.
Material and Method: After ethical approval, MR defecography images of 110 patients from Ankara Bilkent City Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Exclusions included pelvic floor descensus, rectal mass, cystocele, rectocele, or movement artifacts. The study comprised 52 DD patients and 52 matched controls. Measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue at L5-S1 and puborectalis muscle thickness were performed on T2-weighted images.
Results: DD patients had significantly higher abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and puborectalis muscle thickness than controls (p=0.021, p=0.001). No significant gender differences were noted. ROC analysis revealed cut-off values of 23 mm for adipose tissue and 4.8 mm for puborectalis muscle thickness. Positive predictive values for DD were 62% for adipose tissue >23 mm, 74% for puborectalis muscle thickness >4.8 mm, and 90% for both criteria.
Discussion: MR defecography is essential for diagnosing DD. This study is the first to investigate the link between DD and puborectalis muscle thickness. Increased abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue suggests a connection between DD and obesity, possibly due to increased intra-abdominal pressure leading to higher puborectalis muscle tone.
Conclusion: Puborectalis muscle thickness >4.8 mm and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness >23 mm are key parameters for diagnosing DD in MR defecography. These findings underscore the importance of MR defecography in diagnosing and understanding DD, leading to more precise and individualized treatments.
Detecting the Presence of Anti-HLA Antıbodies in Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Kızılkaya Murat , Dogan Hasan
Published: September 2024

Aim: By creating antibodies, the immune system protects the body from foreign antigens. The immune system may occasionally sustain damage that results in a loss of tolerance to its antigens, which triggers the creation of antibodies directed against those antigens. Another challenge in solid organ transplantation is the existence of these anti-HLA antibodies. Our goal was to find out if common autoimmune disorders such type 1 diabetes (T1D), Behçet's disease (BD), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) result in the development of anti-HLA antibodies.
Materials and Methods: 100 patients with AS, 100 patients with BD, 60 patients with T1D, and 100 healthy people were included in this study. PRA screening tests were performed on serum from blood samples taken from both patients and healthy individuals to look for the presence of anti-HLA antibodies.
Results: Of the AS patients, 5 were positive for PRA class II alone, 7 were positive for both PRA class I and class II, and 1 patient was positive for PRA class I. In BD, 3 patients was positive for both PRA class I and II, 7 patients was positive for PRA class II alone, and 1 patient was positive for PRA class I. In T1D, 1 patient were positive for PRA class I, 3 patients were positive for PRA class II alone, and 2 patients were positive for both.
In summary: When three patient groups were compared with the control group, there was no statistically significant difference in the detection of anti-HLA antibodies between the patient groups and the control group.
CROHN’S DISEASE: LESION OF THE ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH AND DUODENUM
Authors: Успенский Юрий Павлович , Гулунов Заурбек Хазбиевич , Корбесова Нина Гивиевна
Published: September 2024

Симптомы болезни Крона, проявляющиеся в верхних частях желудочно-кишечного тракта, обычно маскируются под типичные признаки поражения подвздошной и ободочной кишки и встречаются лишь у 0,5–4% взрослых пациентов. Но с усовершенствованием эндоскопических техник и более распространенным применением эзофагогастродуоденоскопии с биопсией все чаще обнаруживаются как асимптомные, так и клинически важные проявления в пищеводе, желудке и двенадцатиперстной кишке. Диагноз болезни Крона с поражением верхних отделов желудочно-кишечного тракта должен базироваться на комбинации клинического анамнеза, эндоскопической и гистологической картины. Эндоскопические изменения, такие как афтоидные или продольные язвы и рисунок «бамбукового стебля», указывают на болезнь Крона, но гистологическое исследование увеличивает чувствительность диагностики заболевания, так как гистологические изменения могут присутствовать даже на эндоскопически нормальной слизистой оболочке. В то же время гистологические данные могут быть неспецифичными во многих случаях, и знание истории болезни критически важно для установления точного диагноза. В этом обзоре рассмотрены ключевые клинические, эндоскопические и гистологические характеристики болезни Крона с поражением пищевода, желудка и двенадцатиперстной кишки.

The upper gastrointestinal manifestations of Crohn’s disease are frequently obscured by classic ileal and colonic symptoms and are reported to involve only 0.5 to 4% of adult patients. However, because of the improvement of endoscopic methods and the more frequent use of esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy, both asymptomatic and clinically significant esophageal, gastric, and duodenal manifestations are increasingly recognized. The diagnosis of the upper gastrointestinal Crohn’s disease should ideally rely on a combination of the clinical history, endoscopic picture, and histologic features. Although endoscopic changes such as aphthoid or longitudinal ulcers and bamboo-joint-like pattern are suggestive of Crohn’s disease, histologic evaluation increases the sensitivity of the inflammatory bowel diseases diagnosis since histologic alterations may be present in endoscopically unremarkable mucosa. Conversely, in many cases, the histologic findings are nonspecific, and the knowledge of clinical history is vital for reaching an accurate diagnosis. This review article discusses the most important clinical, endoscopic and histological features of esophagus, stomach and duodenum involvement in Crohn’s disease.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI WITH EXTRA-VENTRICULAR CLINICAL CONDITIONS AND DISEASES
Authors: Хорошинина Лидия Павловна , Третьякова Кристина Сергеевна , Урденко Милана Олеговна , Мелешкина Анастасия Александровна , Мурзакматова Венера Алиевна
Published: September 2024

Известно, что Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) играет значимую роль в развитии таких заболеваний и клинических состояний, как тяжесть клинического течения язвенной болезни, риск повторного желудочно-кишечного кровотечения, развития рака желудка, лимфомы и аденокарциномы желудка. В настоящее время публикуются научные данные о связи Helicobacter pylori с внежелудочными клиническими состояниями и заболеваниями: идиопатическая тромбоцитопеническая пурпура, железодефицитная анемия, дефицит витамина В12, развитие резистентности к инсулину, метаболического синдрома, сахарного диабета, неалкогольного жирового перерождения печени, цереброваскулярных нейродегенеративных заболеваний.

It is known that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) plays significant role in the development of such diseases and clinical conditions as the severity of the clinical course of peptic ulcer disease, the risk of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding, the development of gastric cancer, lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma. Currently, scientific data are published on the association of Helicobacter pylori with extra-pancreatic clinical conditions and diseases: idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, iron deficiency anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency, the development of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver degeneration, cerebrovascular neurodegenerative diseases.
Historical and cultural dimensions of the philosophy of the future: globalisation and identity
Authors: Marukhovskа-Kartunova Olga , Bugrov Myroslav , Kozlovets Mykola , Savolainen Inna , Zaika Tetiana
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the research is to highlight the prospects for the influence of philosophy in the context of the socio-cultural dichotomy associated with the confrontation between the principles of globalisation and identity. The turn of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries was marked by a focus on the synergistic potential in the worldview paradigm, which corresponded to the meanings of global character. At the same time, the dialectical component of society's development has retained its influence, expressing the desire of a person or community to preserve identity. The purpose of the article is to identify the specifics of philosophical thought within the two dominant dimensions of socio-cultural progress - interaction and confrontation. Achieving a balance between these two tendencies is the key to harmonising the world picture and avoiding destructive manifestations of a socio-cultural nature. The methodological basis of the study is focused on the analysis of philosophical ideas on the historical and cultural status of man, society and civilisation. The analysis of scientific and philosophical works was carried out within the framework of a variation sample, which allowed to use both philosophical and dialectical, as well as synergistic methodological potential. The results of the study point to the levelling of the positions of the philosophical interpretation of globalisation and identity in the socio-cultural discourse. The analysis of 50 philosophical works published over the past five years has demonstrated approximately equal indicators in the cultural and historical characteristics of social activity. This indicates that the worldview paradigm of our time is at the stage of choosing a strategy for civilisational development, considering the two most popular ways of development: globalisation and identity. The research perspectives are focused on the role of philosophical interpretation of the prospects for socio-cultural development. Strategic thinking is an advantage of the philosophical potential in terms of forming a strategy for civilisational progress. Conclusion. Contemporary philosophical discourse is at the stage of determining the dominant strategy for the development of a person, community and humanity. Globalisation and identity reflect the principles of two fundamental worldviews - dialectics and synergy. The role of philosophy involves a thorough description of these two socio-cultural dimensions in order to determine a favourable scenario for the development of society.
Home in the Poetry of Saudi Distinguished Poets: Abdullah Al-Faisal a Case in Point (2)
Authors: Dahami Yahya Saleh Hasan
Published: September 2024

It can be posited that an individual's attachment to their homeland evolves and matures in tandem with their personal development, ultimately becoming an intrinsic aspect of their consciousness. The resonant call of the poet, though profound, is inevitably eclipsed by the enduring and primordial nature of one's homeland; it remains a perpetually innate affection. This paper, the second instalment in a tripartite series, seeks to elucidate the expertise, familiarity, and proficiency of Abdullah Al-Faisal as expressed through his poetic oeuvre, while concurrently illuminating his profound loyalty to the extensive and illustrious territory to which he is indelibly connected. This research commences with a brief overview of poetry and its cultural significance, before delving into the context of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, particularly focusing on the relationship between poetry and the concept of homeland. Subsequently, the study examines the literary contributions of the poet Abdullah Al-Faisal, with a primary emphasis on his poem "The Redemption." Utilising a critical-analytical-descriptive methodology, the investigation highlighted key thematic elements within the poem. Through a detailed analysis of selected lines from "The Redemption," the research elucidates the nuanced and multifaceted nature of the idea of homeland as expressed in Al-Faisal's work. The study posits that Al-Faisal's poetry serves as a conduit for expressing profound nationalistic sentiments. Additionally, it illustrates his unwavering dedication to his homeland, as evidenced by the intimate portrayal of his connection to the land throughout his oeuvre. The concluding section synthesises these findings, affirming the intrinsic link between Al-Faisal's poetic expressions and the themes of national identity and belonging.
The Influence of Internship Experience, Work Interest, and Self-Efficacy on Work Readiness (Case Study of Management Students Class of 2018-2020, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Riau)
Authors: Dilla Alda Zahra , Hendriani Susi , Pramadewi Arwinence
Published: September 2024

This study aims to look at internship experience, job interest, and self-efficacy on job readiness (case study of management students class 2018-2020 faculty of economics and business, Riau University). The population in the study were students majoring in management at the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Riau class of 2018-2020) who have participated in internships with a total of 517 people. The sampling technique used is proportional stratified random sampling, which is the activity of taking samples from the population if the population is not homogeneous (not the same) and there are levels (stratified) proportionally, so that the sample in this study amounted to 84 people. The data analysis method used is multiple liner regression analysis using the help of the SPSS Version 26 program. The results showed that there was a positive and significant influence between internship experience on job readiness. There is a positive and significant influence between job interest on job readiness. There is a positive and significant influence between self-efficacy on job readiness. There is a positive and significant influence simultaneously between internship experience, job interest, and self-efficacy on job readiness.
Analisis Tentang Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Perlindungan Konsumen
Authors: Tambunan Bernando Aldo Yosua , Mujasmara Fildzah Darayani , Harahap Intan , Panggabean Rebecka Tri Talita , Hasyim Hasyim
Published: September 2024

Globalisasi perekonomian telah mengubah dinamika korporasi secara mendasar, sehingga menimbulkan kesulitan baru dalam menyelesaikan keluhan pelanggan. Studi ini membahas metode yang efisien untuk menangani keluhan pelanggan dalam konteks lingkungan perusahaan yang lebih rumit. Melalui studi menyeluruh dan evaluasi literatur, esai ini menyoroti pentingnya negosiasi, mediasi, arbitrase, dan litigasi sebagai teknik penyelesaian yang relevan dalam konteks globalisasi ekonomi. Selain itu, artikel ini mengkaji fungsi lembaga penyelesaian sengketa konsumen seperti Lembaga Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan Alternatif (LAPS SJK) dan Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (BPSK) dalam memberikan akses yang lebih cepat dan efisien bagi konsumen untuk menyelesaikan konfliknya. . Pemahaman menyeluruh mengenai undang-undang, aturan, dan praktik perlindungan konsumen juga ditekankan sebagai hal yang penting untuk meletakkan dasar yang kuat bagi keadilan dalam perekonomian global. Artikel ini memberikan wawasan penting bagi para praktisi hukum, pengambil kebijakan, dan akademisi untuk memahami dinamika penyelesaian sengketa konsumen di era globalisasi dengan menyoroti peran Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dalam mengawasi dan mengatur penyelesaian sengketa di sektor jasa keuangan. sektor.
Hukum Pajak dan Tantangan dalam Pemungutan Pajak
Authors: Subagijo Kevin Putra , Lie Gunardi
Published: September 2024

Pajak memiliki peran krusial dalam pembangunan negara sebagai sumber utama pendapatan yang digunakan untuk mendanai pengeluaran pemerintah. Namun, pemungutan pajak dihadapi oleh tantangan seperti rendahnya pengetahuan dan ekonomi masyarakat, serta lemahnya penegakan hukum dan pengawasan yang konsisten. Pemerintah perlu meningkatkan edukasi dan penyuluhan perpajakan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan kedisiplinan warga dalam membayar pajak, dengan harapan dapat meningkatkan penerimaan negara secara signifikan. Upaya ini penting untuk memastikan kelangsungan pembangunan negara sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu: 1) untuk mengetahui bagaimaan tinjauan umum tentang hukum pajak. 2) untuk mengetahui permasalahan apa saja yang dihadapi dalam pemungutan pajak di indonesia. 3) untuk mengetahui upaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan pemungutan pajak di Indonesia. Literature review atau tinjauan pustaka adalah metode penting dalam riset penelitian yang melibatkan pengumpulan data melalui studi literatur, laporan, catatan, dan buku yang relevan dengan topik yang dibahas. Hasil dari penelitian ini yakni Pajak adalah kontribusi wajib yang dibayarkan individu atau badan kepada negara sesuai undang-undang, tanpa imbalan langsung. Fungsinya mencakup mendanai anggaran pemerintah, mengatur kebijakan ekonomi, menjaga stabilitas ekonomi, dan melakukan redistribusi kekayaan. Di Indonesia, sistem pemungutan pajak meliputi Official Assessment, Semi Self Assessment, Self Assessment, dan Withholding System. Tantangan utama adalah kesadaran rendah dan penghindaran pajak. Pemerintah perlu meningkatkan penyuluhan, pengawasan, dan memberlakukan sanksi tegas untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan pajak.
Manajemen Informasi Dalam Organisasi
Authors: Nasution Julaika , Vientiany Dini
Published: September 2024

Information management is critical for businesses to solve problems and seize opportunities in a rapidly evolving digital environment. Advances in information and communications technology have changed the way businesses run, interact with clients, and allocate their resources. The importance of information technology in improving operational effectiveness, facilitating better decision making, and increasing competitiveness is discussed in this article. However, with these benefits also come challenges such as data security, information integrity, and adapting to rapid regulatory changes. This research uses a literature review method to explore the basic concepts of information management in organizations, with a focus on the integration of information systems and information technology as a strategy to face these challenges. The results show that organizations need to deeply understand the technologies they use and develop appropriate strategies to maximize their benefits while reducing risks. Thus, this article provides important insights for organizational leaders in managing digital transformation and increasing competitiveness in a competitive global marketplace.
Pengembangan Media E-Modul pada Mata Pelajaran Tekstil di SMK Negeri 1 Beringin
Authors: Mufliha Alfina , Butarbutar Martha Hariyanti , Zahro Nur Elvina , Farihah Farihah , Pakpahan Dermawan
Published: September 2024

Pada pembelajaran di SMK Negeri 1 Beringin siswa merasa kesulitan dalam membuat ecoprint yakni saat memilih dedaunan, meletakkan dedaunan pada kain, membuat ecoprint pada kain, kesuliatan dalam penguncian warna ecoprint sehingga diperlukanya media belajar yang mumpuni dan tepat supaya dapat memudahkan para siswa dalam mempelajari dan juga memahami setiap materi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) menghasilkan produk yaitu media e-modul dan 2) mengetahui kelayakan e-modul pada materi pembuatan ecoprint pada siswa kelas XI SMK Negeri 1 Beringin. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode 4d yang terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu tahap pendefinisian (define), tahap perencanaan (design), tahap pengembanga (development), dan tahap penyebaran (dissiminate). Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI Tata Busana SMK Negeri 1 Beringin sebanyak 36 siswa. Objek dalam penelitian ini pembuatan ecoprint dalam bentuk e-modul. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi dan angket/instrument. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) Menghasilkan produk e-modul pembuatan ecoprint pada siswa kelas XI SMK Negeri 1 Beringin. 2) E-modul dinyatakan layak dengan kategori sangat layak dengan melalui tahapan yaitu : (1) validasi oleh ahli materi menyatakan kategori “sangat layak” dengan persentase skor 98% (2) validasi oleh ahli media menyatakan kategori “sangat layak” dengan persentase skor 93,6% (3) uji coba kelompok kecil dari 10 siswa dengan kategori “sangat layak” dengan persentase skor 89,3% (4) uji coba kelompok besar dari 36 siswa dengan kategori “sangat layak” dengan kategori skor 91,6%.
Pengaruh Media Powtoon Terhadap Pemahaman Organ Tubuh Manusia pada Materi IPA Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Ikrom Fadhli Dzil , Istiqomah Afifah , Holillah Holillah , Umamah Umamah
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Pengaruh Media Powtoon terhadap Pemahaman Organ Tubuh Manusia pada Materi IPA Kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dalam bentuk One group pre-post design. Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh kelas V Sekolah Dasar yang berjumlah 26 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan datanya adalah tes dan non tes, teknik tes menggunakan soal pemahaman organ tubuh manusia pada materi pelajaran IPA kelas V, sedangkan pada teknik nontes menggunakan observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji normalitas dan uji t. Hasil analisis data diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa terdapat pengaruh media powtoon terhadap pemahaman organ tubuh manusia pada materi pelajaran IPA kelas V di Sekolah Dasar. Hal ini terbukti dari paired sampel t-tes, didapatkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh media powtoon terhadap pemahaman organ tubuh manusia pada materi IPA kelas V Sekolah Dasar.
Penggunaan Bahasa Gaul dalam Komunikasi Remaja di Media Sosial TikTok: Kajian Pragmatik
Authors: Sanita Sanita , Nisa Hany Uswatun , Kurniawan Prasetyo Yuli
Published: September 2024

Bahasa gaul merupakan bahasa yang tidak mengikuti kaidah dan ketentuan yang berlaku saat ini, sering digunakan dalam situasi sosial dan mempunyai ciri khusus seperti pendek dan kreatif. TikTok merupakan salah satu aplikasi yang cukup populer dan banyak peminatnya. Komunikasi terjadi melalui bahasa, ketika manusia dapat saling memenuhi kebutuhan hidup serta saling mengungkapkan pikiran dan perasaannya. Pragmatik adalah studi tentang hubungan antara bentuk bahasa dan penggunanya (Yule, 2019). Tindak tutur  merupakan suatu teori yang mengkaji makna bahasa berdasarkan hubungan antara tuturan dengan tindakan yang dilakukan oleh penuturnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah  menganalisis penggunaan bahasa gaul dalam komunikasi anak muda di media sosial TikTok dengan menggunakan penelitian pragmatik. Penelitian ini menganalisis konten TikTok yang mengandung bahasa gaul dan melakukan wawancara atau survei kepada remaja pengguna TikTok untuk memahami pemahaman mereka tentang bahasa gaul dan alasan mereka menggunakannya. Teknik pengumpulan data pada peneletian ini adalah teknik simak (analisis konten), teknik catat (wawancara), teknik observasi partisipatif, dan teknik trianguasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk mendapatkan data pada media sosial TikTok. Hasil analisis yang mendeskripsikan penggunaan tindak tutur ekspresif pada bahasa gaul dalam komunikasi remaja di media sosial TikTok telah ditemukan jenis tindak tutur ekspresif  yaitu tindak tutur ekpresif bahagia terdapat 6 data, tindak tutur ekspesif takut terdapat 5 data, tindak tutur ekspresif bercanda terdapat 1  data, tindak tutur ekspresif sedih terdapat 3 data, tindak tutur bingung terdapat 2 data, tindak tutur  marah terdapat 2 data, tindak tutur mengkritik terdapat 8 data, tindak tutur meminta maaf terdapat 2 data, tindak tutur mengucapkan terima kasih terdapat 1 data dan tindak tutur mengeluh terdapat 1 data. Berikut ini tabel hasil peneltian pada unggahan vidio dan komentar penggunaan bahasa gaul  di media sosial TikTok.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Kakurwan pada Materi Penggolongan Hewan Berdasarkan Makanannya Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa SD Kelas V di Kecamatan Tanjungjaya
Authors: Nurfarida Resa , Nugraha M Fahmi , Nurfitriani Meiliana
Published: September 2024

Media pembelajaran di sekolah kecamatan tanjungjaya ada beberapa kendala yaitu minimnya dalam mengembangkan media pembelajaran dan kendala dalam penyampaian materi IPA khususnya pada materi penggolongan hewan berdasarkan makanannya sehingga nilai yang diraih oleh siswa masih dibawah KKM yaitu mencapai nilai rata-rata ≤ 40 serta kurangnya pengetahuin IPA dan keterbatasan waktu dalam penyampaian materi tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengembangan media pembelajaran kakurwan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan IPA dan keefektifan media tersebut. Lokasi yang digunakan untuk penelitian ujicoba kelompok kecil dan kelompok besar di SDN 1 Cigowak dan SDN Cipurut serta ujicoba lapangan utama terdapat di SDN Cideeng. Metode yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah RnD ( Research and Development ) dengan desain penelitian yang dikemukakan oleh Borg and Gall yaitu 10 tahapan. Hasil penelitian uji efektifitas yang dilakukan di SDN Cideeng dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 39 siswa dengan hasil skor N-Gain di kelas eksperimen 0,80 atau 80% dengan kategori efektif, skor terkecil 0,50 atau 50% serta skor terbesar adalah 1 atau 100%. Hasil skor N-Gain kelas kontrol yaitu sebesar 0,35 atau 35% dengan kategori tidak efektif skor terkecil yaitu 0,12 atau 12% serta skor terbesar 1 atau 100%. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran kakurwan efektif digunakan dan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan IPA siswa kelas 5 SD di kecamatan tanjungjaya.
Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Blok Pecahan Terhadap Kemampuan Representasi Matematis Siswa Kelas III SDN 1 Tenjonagara
Authors: Naffisa Eva Widia , Permana Rahmat , Pratiwi Anggia Suci
Published: September 2024

Pada proses pembelajaran masih banyak siswa yang kurang tertarik terhadap pembelajaran khususnya pada mata pelajaran matematika, hal ini disebabkan karena guru yang masih menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional. Untuk menciptakan interaksi pada siswa dapat menggunakan pembelajaran melalui media blok pecahan. Media pembelajaran dalam proses pembelajaran matematika akan  membantu memusatkan perhatian peserta didik. Salah satu alternatif media pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran matematika materi pecahan adalah “Blok Pecahan”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh media pembelajaran blok pecahan terhadap kemampuan representasi matematis siswa kelas III SDN 1 Tenjonagara pada materi pecahan. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian Quasi Experimental Desain menggunakan desain Nonequivalen Kontrol Group Desain. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penellitian ini dengan observasi, wawancara, tes dan dokumentasi. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas III  yang berjumlah 22 siswa, sedangkan sampel diambil menggunakan teknik sensus atau semua anggota populasi dijadikan sampel. Cara pengambilan sampel nya dengan cara teknik sampel random sampling. Adapun objek pada penelitian ini adalah kemampuan representasi matematis siswa kelas III SDN 1 Tenjonagara pada materi pecahan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah dengan Uji t. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan banwa: (1) kemampuan representasi matematis siswa kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas kontrol, nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen 95,45 dan nilai rata-rata kelas kontrol 19,09; (2) terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara siswa yang menggunakan media pembelajaran blok pecahan dengan siswa yang pembelajaran konvensional. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa t hitung sebesar 11.579 dengan signifikasi (two tailed) 0,000, karena signifikasi (two tilead) ½ a (0,005), maka Ho ditolah dan Ha diterima.  Berarti terdapat pengaruh media pembelajaran blok pecahan tehadap kemampuan reperesentasi matematis siswa kelas SDN 1 Tenjonagara pada materi pecahan.
Dinamika Konflik Pengemudi Becak Vespa dan Ojek Online di Kota Padangsidimpuan
Authors: Nasution Indah Rejekika , Daud Daud
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk menganalisis dinamika konflik yang terjadi pada pengemudi becak vespa dengan pengemudi transportasi online, dan untuk menganalisis strategi yang dilakukan pengemudi becak vespa di tengah munculnya transportasi online di Kota Padangsidimpuan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Padangsidimpuan, Sumatera Utara. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu dengan menggunakan observasi, wawancara langsung, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah dengan adanya transportasi online di Kota Padangsidimpuan menimbulkan dinamika konflik yang terjadi pada pengemudi becak vespa dengan pengemudi transportasi online yaitu seperti demonstrasi, perebutan pelanggan, penurunan pendapatan. Dengan timbulnya dinamika konflik tersebut muncullah startegi yang dilakukan pengemudi becak vespa di tengah munculnya transportasi online di Kota Padangsidimpuan yaitu seperti, bergabungnya dengan kelompok/komunitas pengemudi becak vespa, menjaga kenyamanan dan kepuasan pelanggan, menjaga penampilan, menjaga hubungan baik dengan penumpang, dan menambah pangkalan becak vespa.
Impacto de ataques de evasão e eficácia da defesa baseada em treinamento adversário em detectores de malware
Authors: Silva Gabriel H. N. Espindola da , Fernandes Junior Gilberto , Zarpelão Bruno Bogaz
Published: September 2024

Algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina (AM) podem ajudar na detecção de programas maliciosos, ou malwares, ao identificar padrões de comportamento deles. No entanto, os modelos de AM são vulneráveis a ataques de aprendizado de máquina adversário (AMA), permitindo que malwares sejam classificados como benignos. Este trabalho investiga o impacto dos ataques dFGSM (Deterministic Fast Gradient Sign Method), rFGSM (Randomic Fast Gradient Sign Method), BGA (Bit Gradient Ascent), BCA (Bit Coordinate Ascent) e Grosse contra detectores de malware e a eficácia da defesa baseada em treinamento adversário. Os resultados mostraram que ataques de alta intensidade (dFGSM, rFGSM, BGA) impactam significativamente a acurácia dos detectores, mesmo com treinamento adversário.
Obsolescência não-Programada: Análise do Uso de Software Desatualizado em Ambiente de Produção
Authors: Kujavski Luan Marko , Penteado Ulisses , Almeida Paulo Lisboa de , Grégio André
Published: September 2024

O avanço da computação ampliou as superfícies de ataque, criando novos alvos para criminosos explorarem vulnerabilidades conhecidas e não corrigidas. A manutenção e atualização constante de sistemas são essenciais, mas a falta de boas práticas expõe usuários a riscos evitáveis. Relatórios indicam que 76% dos ataques de ransomware em 2022 exploraram vulnerabilidades conhecidas. Este artigo investiga o problema do software desatualizado em organizações, com base em dados de mais de 129 milhões de registros de atividades de 23 mil usuários em 567 organizações. As contribuições incluem análise regionalizada da desatualização de programas, lições para priorização de políticas preventivas e disponibilização de dados anonimizados para estudos futuros.
Construção de um Modelo Orientado a Dados para Detecção de Fraudes em Cartões de Crédito utilizando Dados Sintéticos
Authors: Santos Alexandre C. B. dos , Passos Roger de S. , Tarrataca Luis Domingues T. J. , Cardoso Douglas de O. , Haddad Diego B. , Henriques Felipe da R.
Published: September 2024

Fraudes em transações com cartões de crédito são um desafio global, resultando em grandes prejuízos financeiros. Este trabalho propõe um simulador de dados sintéticos de transações para replicar a dinâmica de dados reais. Esses dados foram usados para criar modelos baseados em algoritmos de classificação e detecção de anomalias, capazes de identificar fraudes. Desafios como modelagem sequencial, mudança de contexto, feedback atrasado e peculiaridades dos dados foram abordados. O algoritmo Random Forest destacou-se, detectando 76,7% das fraudes com 96,4% de precisão.
Um Framework Gerador de Tráfego para Detecção de Intrusões em Redes CAN
Authors: F. Junior Luiz , Vargas Paulo Sérgio M. , Lima Paulo Vitor C. , Quincozes Silvio E.
Published: September 2024

As redes Controller Area Network (CAN) permitem comunicação intraveicular entre as Unidades Eletrònicas de Controle (ECU) e comunicação externa via WiFi, Bluetooth e USB, tornando-as vulneráveis a ataques cibernéticos. Este trabalho apresenta um framework gerador de conjuntos de dados para ajudar na detecção de intrusões em redes CAN, utilizando GANs (Generative Adversarial Networks) e VAEs (Variational Autoencoders). GANs criam datasets com distribuição similar aos dados reais, enquanto VAEs capturam a variabilidade, resultando em conjuntos de dados realistas e variados. Resultados preliminares mostram que o método proposto gera datasets de qualidade e variabilidade adequadas, podendo ser adaptado para outros ambientes.
Análise de Vulnerabilidades da Plataforma Moodle com base no Top 10 da OWASP
Authors: Quincozes Silvio E. , Franzese Leonardo Frangello , Kazienko Juliano F. , Quincozes Vagner E.
Published: September 2024

Moodle é uma plataforma Web que contém informações acadêmicas e pessoais de mais 316 milhões de usuários. Em um cenário onde são registradas quantidades crescentes de ataques cibernéticos, cabe o questionamento: A plataforma Moodle está segura? A fim de investigar a resposta para essa pergunta, este trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso calcado nas principais vulnerabilidades reportadas pela lista Top 10 OWASP de 2021. Os resultados obtidos por meio da ferramenta OWASP Zed Attack Proxy (ZAP) revelaram 894 alertas de potenciais vulnerabilidade que podem ser potencialmente exploradas.
Observação de Ataques contra a Memória do Kernel Android: Desafios e Soluções
Authors: Torres Júnior Cláudio , Correia Jorge , Pincovscy João , Zanata Marco , Grégio André
Published: September 2024

Em 2023, foram reportadas mais de 300 vulnerabilidades no kernel Linux, corroborando a necessidade da análise de exploits para compreendê-las e proteger os sistemas afetados (inclusive Android) de escaladas de privilégio, vazamento de dados e outros ataques. Este artigo aborda os desafios e soluções para segurança da memória do kernel Android, e avalia ferramentas de tracing e sanitização de memória disponíveis para esse sistema operacional. A pesquisa inclui testes de desempenho dessas ferramentas e a implementação de uma prova de conceito em nível de kernel para melhorar a análise de exploits de memória, provendo observação completa do ataque e permitindo continuar sua execução após a detecção, o que não é alcançado pelo estado da arte.
IWSHAP: Um Método de Seleção Incremental de Características para Redes CAN baseado em Inteligência Artificial Explicável (XAI)
Authors: Scherer Felipe H. , Dresch Felipe N. , Quincozes Silvio E. , Kreutz Diego , Quincozes Vagner E.
Published: September 2024

As redes CAN (Controller Area Network) são amplamente usadas na indústria automotiva e frequentemente alvo de ataques cibernéticos. A detecção desses ataques via aprendizado de máquina (AM) depende da seleção adequada de características para garantir o desempenho do modelo de predição. Este artigo propõe o IWSHAP, um novo método de seleção de características que combina o algorítimo Iterative Wrapper Subset Selection (IWSS) com os valores SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations). O principal objetivo é maximizar a performance do modelo de AM em um tempo reduzido. Os resultados indicam que IWSHAP consegue reduzir o número de características em até 99,17% e o tempo de execução em 98,3% comparado ao baseline.
Firewalls de Próxima Geração (NGFW): Funcionalidades, Aplicações e Vulnerabilidades
Authors: Morais Tiago W. , Faria Nícolas N. , Quincozes Silvio E. , Kreutz Diego , Kazienko Juliano F. , Quincozes Vagner E. , Peixoto Mário C.
Published: September 2024

Os Firewalls de Próxima Geração (NGFWs) surgiram como uma ferramenta em resposta ao aumento dos crimes cibernéticos, integrando Inteligência Artificial (IA) e Aprendizado de Máquina (AM) em suas funcionalidades. Este estudo identifica e analisa os NGFWs de última geração e alto desempenho dos principais fabricantes, incluindo Check Point, Cisco, Fortinet, Huawei, Juniper, Palo Alto, SonicWall e Sophos. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é uma análise abrangente dos aspectos técnicos, mercadológicos e da avaliação dos usuários, a partir da comparação de oito ferramentas avançadas de NGFW. Foram mapeadas suas principais características, expectativas dos usuários, desafios e vulnerabilidades, fornecendo uma visão detalhada dessas soluções.
Jonas Mulokas: architektūrinio identiteto paieškos globaliame pasaulyje
Authors: Petrulis Vaidas , Tranavičiūtė Brigita , Laurinaitis Paulius Tautvydas
Published: September 2024

Monografijoje pristatomas vieno savičiausių ir reikšmingiausių lietuvių bendruomenės JAV architektų Jono Muloko gyvenimas ir kūryba. Baigęs studijas Vytauto Didžiojo universitete ir savo kūrybinį kelią pradėjęs nepriklausomoje Lietuvoje, J. Mulokas, kaip ir visa jo amžininkų karta, Lietuvą paliko kaip karo pabėgėlis. Patekę į pabėgėlių stovyklas Vokietijoje, lietuviai per penkerius metus išsisklaidė po visą pasaulį. Dalis jų apsistojo Šiaurės Amerikoje. Nepaisant politinės ir geografinės prarajos, skiriančios Lietuvą ir svečias šalis, išeiviai balansavo tarp būtinybės prisitaikyti prie svetimos aplinkos ir nenumaldomo įsitikinimo, kad Lietuva bus išlaisvinta, o buvimas svetur tėra tik laikinas epizodas. Išeivijoje gyvenusi karta suformavo ypatingą architektūrinį stilių, kuriame glaudžiai susipynė laikmečio architektūros tendencijos ir politinė misija kurti savąją architektūrą kaip lietuviškumo manifestą. Gilus šios misijos pajautimas J. Muloko ir jo amžininkų kūrybai ne tik suteikia prasmės lietuvių architektūros istorijoje, bet ir yra ryškiausių Šaltojo karo architektūrinių liudijimų bendras globalaus pasaulio paveldas.
Mütterlichkeit als Ökotop. Zukunftskonstruktionen der Umweltbewegungen und ihre popmusikalische Verarbeitung
Authors: Philipp Thorsten
Published: September 2024

Metaphern der Mütterlichkeit bestimmen seit jeher die Wahrnehmung von Natur und Umwelt. In dem Artikel werden die Mutter-Natur-Narrative in der Popmusik untersucht, um mithilfe von Luhmanns Diagnose „latenter Strukturen“ unausgehandelte Aspekte zeitgenössischer Umweltkonflikte zu reflektieren: Neben Genderthemen betrifft dies vor allem die Hoffnung auf einen mütterlichen Planeten, der seine Kinder nicht im Stich lassen wird.
Spaceborne Laser Altimetry Data Processing and Application
Authors: Bincai Cao , Jianrong Wang , Xueliang Lu , YongQiang Wei , Zhuang Liu
Published: September 2024

With high measurement accuracy and processing efficiency, spaceborne lidar has unique advantages in many disciplines and has gradually become one of the main technical means of Earth observation. This chapter focuses on two types of spaceborne lidar, linear detection, and photon counting, analyzes their working principles and data processing methods, introduces the transmitting system and receiving system of the two types of lidar, then elaborates on the lidar data processing methods and in-orbit geometric calibration methods, and finally selects typical scenarios to describe the application of spaceborne lidar in Earth observation science, and looks forward to the development trend of laser altimeter technology in the future.
Perspective Chapter: Unlocking Energy and Natural Resources for Sustainable Development in Nigeria – The Role of Energy Research Centers
Authors: Ogbomida Emmanuel , Mustapha Abdullahi , Emeribe Chukwudi , Ezemonye Lawrence , Ajieh Mike
Published: September 2024

Amid global challenges like climate change and resource depletion, Nigeria’s pursuit of low-carbon energy resources teeters on the brink. Nigeria grapples with the delicate balance between economic growth, environmental stewardship, and energy security. Energy and natural resources are crucial to modern society, playing a pivotal role in economic development, environmental sustainability, and overall human well-being. In response to these challenges, the national energy research centers have emerged as vital institutions that can contribute to the development of sustainable innovations that would catalyze the transition to a low-carbon economy. Unlocking these potential hinges on cutting-edge research tailored to drive innovation, influence policy, and promote responsible resource management. Investing in research holds the potential to facilitate Nigeria’s transition to a low-carbon economy. These research centers can act as catalysts for unleashing the full potential of Nigeria’s energy and natural resources contributing to global efforts to combat climate change while ensuring economic growth and energy security for the populations. Achieving these objectives requires an increased investment in avant-garde research, which would propel Nigeria toward a future characterized by sustainability and prosperity and paving the way for a resilient and environmentally conscious path to long-term development.
Surgical Anatomy of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses
Authors: S. Almaadani Basma
Published: September 2024

This chapter delves into the intricate surgical anatomy of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, highlighting their relevance in otolaryngological procedures. Understanding these anatomical details is crucial for performing safe and effective surgical procedures, minimizing complications, and enhancing patient outcomes. By integrating anatomical knowledge with clinical insights, this chapter aims to equip surgeons with a comprehensive understanding necessary for successful surgical intervention of nasal and sinus pathologies.
Privacy-Preserving Algorithms in Distributed Optimization Problems
Authors: Huang Lingying , Su Rong , Chen Xiaomeng , Wu Junfeng
Published: September 2024

With the rise in computational complexity and network scale, distributed optimization problems have gained increasing interest due to their robustness and scalability advantages over centralized approaches. It has been widely applied in various scenarios. However, privacy concerns can deter participants from sharing their sensitive data in such networks. To address this issue, we introduce methods to preserve privacy in distributed optimization problems, particularly over unbalanced directed communication networks, in this chapter. Two algorithms, namely, PP-DOAGT and SD-Push-Pull, are introduced in detail to balance the tradeoff between performance and privacy. PP-DOAGT ensures privacy over infinite iterations and highlights two fundamental impossibility results concerning privacy and performance. Due to the second dilemma, the tradeoff between ε-DP and performance analysis is studied under summable stepsize sequences in PP-DOAGT. In contrast, SD-Push-Pull focuses on guaranteeing privacy over finite iterations. Through state decomposition, this algorithm attains linear convergence with an unchanged stepsize, approaching neighborhood of optimum under certain conditions. With the proposed methods, privacy can be guaranteed in real application scenarios such as machine learning, allowing participants to confidently share their data within distributed optimization frameworks.
The ‘Patch-Clamp’ Technique and its Application in Studies on Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels Kv1.3 in Normal and Cancer Cells
Authors: Teisseyre Andrzej , Środa-Pomianek Kamila , Palko-Labuz Anna
Published: September 2024

The introduction of this chapter presents a historical outline of experimental methods applied in electrophysiology until development of the ‘patch-clamp’ technique. The first section briefly describes the ‘patch-clamp’ technique and its configurations, with areas of practical applications of the configurations. The second section of the chapter presents an application of the ‘whole-cell’ configuration in studying activity of voltage-gated potassium channels Kv1.3. It is pointed out that an application of this configuration enabled the discovery of these channels in human T lymphocytes in 1984. Studies performed later applying the ‘whole-cell’ configuration have shown that these channels are also expressed in many other cell types, both normal and cancer, both in the plasma membrane and in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It was also shown that the channels may be blocked by many chemically unrelated compounds. Finally, results obtained upon a combination of the ‘whole-cell’ recording with non-electrophysiological techniques provided evidence that some inhibitors of these channels may find a clinical application in therapy of many diseases, including T-cell mediated autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases, severe cases of COVID-19 and some cancer disorders.