bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESTRATÉGIA DE RESOLUÇÃO DE SITUAÇÕES-PROBLEMA ANCORADA NA TEORIA DOS CAMPOS CONCEITUAIS
Authors: Santos Rudinei Alves dos , Silva Francisco Hermes Santos da , Dias Joelson Magno , Maduro Vanessa Pires Santos
Published: November 2021

A pandemia da COVID-19 conduziu a suspensão de aulas presenciais. Obrigando os atores envolvidos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem a buscarem, de forma emergencial, estratégias que possibilitassem a continuidade das atividades escolares. Entretanto, a comunicação entre professor e aluno ficou bastante prejudicada, devido às limitações tecnológicas, ou a pouca afinidade com os encontros virtuais. Assim, este trabalho construído a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, aos moldes de uma pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico e ancorada na Teoria dos Campos Conceituais - TCC, objetivou propor estratégia de resolução de situações do campo conceitual da otimização, que favoreça a comunicação entre os atores do processo de ensino e aprendizagem, possibilitando a reflexão dos envolvidos e o (re) direcionamento do planejamento pedagógico do professor. Conclui-se que a estratégia de resolução de situações do campo conceitual da otimização através de subtarefas, a sombra da TCC, é um recurso que pode contribuir com a melhor comunicação entre alunos e professores, principalmente em momentos de encontros virtuais. Outrossim, considera-se que a estratégia discutida neste artigo não é exclusiva do campo abordado, podendo ser experimentada em outros campos conceituais e outras áreas do conhecimento, pois em tempos como este, nenhum recurso baseado na ciência deve ser descartado.
Social Desirability and Parental Reporting of Children's Health-Related Behaviours
Authors:   , Lovegrove Amy Michelle
Published: November 2021

Extensive literature has documented the negative impacts of being overweight in childhood, and the difficulty in getting parents to acknowledge and act on their children’s overweight status. This study aims to investigate whether social desirability could be one contributing factor to this struggle. Social desirability is a phenomenon in which individuals present themselves in the most culturally celebrated way possible, regardless of whether that is an accurate reflection of their actual self. It is argued that individuals high in social desirability may deny their children’s overweight status and unhealthy behaviours due to the high social pressure for their child to be of a healthy weight. It was found that low levels of social desirability lead to reporting more congruous with the child’s weight status for some health behaviours, but that it did not impact reporting of the child’s weight status itself. Implications for practice are discussed.
Understanding Inequality in Chile: A Revisited Dependency Analysis of Education
Authors:   , Kennedy Colin M.
Published: November 2021

This thesis makes a case for a revisited dependency analysis in understanding how socio-economic inequality is produced and reproduced. It illustrates that a succession of Chilean governments has been unable, despite policies from across the full political spectrum, to disrupt the processes of disparity. As the study spans a considerable timeframe, the research is divided into two sections: 1964 – 1989 and 1990 – 2010. The data from the initial time period reveals that levels of inequality remained as high as at any other time in the previous thirty years. The return to democracy under the Concertación (1990 – 2010) brought a policy emphasis to reduce inequality, but the impact was also less than what had been hoped for. The research uses descriptive statistics to track persistent patterns of inequality in contexts such as income, healthcare, employment and education. This is combined with interviews with various academics and policy-makers concerning their perceptions of the roots and consequences of Chilean inequality, and their opinions regarding the impact of various policies upon it. Despite the considerable amount of existing research addressing socio-economic inequality there is a conspicuous gap in the literature regarding the role of dependency analysis. The thesis includes a case study of educational inequalities under the Concertación and undertakes a dependency analysis of the situation. Through this work it is evident that the features of structural heterogeneity and educational commodification, along with a failure to place social and class relations at the centre of such an approach, has prevented any progressive change. The thesis posits a set of theoretical assertions and policy recommendations that are intended to counter the criticisms that have forced dependency to the peripheries of development thinking. In summary, this research makes theoretical, empirical and policy contributions to the understanding of the processes of socio-economic disparity, within and beyond the education sector, both in Chile and elsewhere.
Reverse Mathematics of Divisibility in Integral Domains
Authors:   , Bura Valentin B
Published: November 2021

This thesis establishes new results concerning the proof-theoretic
strength of two classic theorems of Ring Theory relating to
factorization in integral domains.

The first theorem asserts that if every irreducible is a prime, then
every element has at most one decomposition into irreducibles; the
second states that well-foundedness of divisibility implies the
existence of an irreducible factorization for each element.

After introductions to the Algebra framework used and Reverse
Mathematics, we show that the first theorem is provable in the base
system of Second Order Arithmetic RCA0, while the other is equivalent
over RCA0 to the system ACA0.
Researching Corruption in Asia: The Accountant and “Five Blind Men”
Authors:   , Balfoort Ferdinand Coenraad
Published: November 2021

The objective of this thesis is to identify and determine the way in which academic business research has evaluated or determined corruption, bribery and fraud in financial and accounting reporting in China and Indonesia. A subsidiary purpose was to identify how academic accounting researchers have accommodated particular ethnic and cultural aspects in their research. Very few accounting related results were found, especially those linking all variables in a conclusive and convincing manner. This appears to be caused by a lack of agreed definitions of key terms, a confusion over terminology, usage of discredited and myopic models, and an absence of any specific reported financial impacts on both the accounting profession and society globally. As a consequence, only parts of the “proverbial elephant as described by five blind men” (Duen, 2008, Silverstein, 2012) were identified by various authors, and mostly independently of each other. These thesis findings create an opportunity and a challenge for future researchers in this field to take a much more comprehensive approach, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methods, with the aim of addressing the connection between ethnicity, accounting and corruption in much clearer perspective. In marrying the normally standalone quantitative with qualitative methods it is expected that researchers will be able to achieve a hitherto elusively holistic understanding of the complex layers that propel and impel cultural norms and ethnicity. In order to do this, it is suggested that future researchers consider the application of an embedded research methodology, supported by much broader and deeper analysis and understanding of the various layered ecological influences, as advocated by academics and thought leaders of society alike.
Ngā Pā Harakeke O Ngati Porou: A Lived Experience of Whānau
Authors:   , Walker Taingunguru Whangapirita
Published: November 2021

Māori live within a post-colonial society, and were subjected to colonisation, warfare, land loss and urbanisation. These policies changed Māori from an agrarian society into an industrialised society within the cities. The impact on whānau of this included the separation from traditional lands, marae, hapu, iwi and the support of other whānau members. Māori living in cities were then categorised as urban Māori, which does not sit comfortably with participants in this study, who reject this term. This thesis explores, with Ngati Porou participants, their lived experience of whānau. The views of three age cohorts are canvassed in order to identify whether their understandings of whānau differ. These three cohorts were divided as follows: 65 years and over; 35–64 and 21–34. A total of thirty-eight participants were interviewed. They spoke passionately about who they were, where they came from and why they valued whānau. This is a qualitative research project, which utilises both Western and a Māori/tribal worldview. It was of importance to ensure that the data retained the Māori messages and the essence of the kōrero. A whakapapa and whānau sampling method was used to identify hapu and whānau. Face-to-face interviews were conducted, using a „snowball‟ technique. Some of the issues explored included who participants counted as members of whānau, the various whānau types identified by the literature (kaupapa whānau, whaamere, family, virtual whānau, new whānau, statistical whānau and whānau ora) and whether the „whānau mantra‟ is a „myth‟. Participants were asked for their views on the roles within whānau, what strengthens and divides whānau and whānau leadership. Other topics explored were the role of whāngai within whānau, cross-cultural relationships, maintaining whakapapa links, urbanisation and the impact of policies on whānau. Recently, government has begun to use whānau within policies in ways that differ from the lived experience of whānau. Academics have also used the metaphor of whānau in an attempt to explain some of the contemporary groupings of Māori, such as kapa haka activities. The pakeke cohort, most of whom lived within the tribal area, were totally involved with whānau, hapu and iwi. The middle cohort, most of whom were employed, were involved with whānau and marae when required. They cared for both mokopuna and aging parents. There were other qualities they valued in addition to whakapapa. The youngest cohort, some of whom were young parents, were passionate about being members of whānau. Because many of them had been born away from the tribal area, they felt the need to traverse the lands where their tīpuna had lived, worked and played in order for the whakapapa to become real. This thesis has identified that whakapapa is of the utmost importance to the participants‟ understanding of whānau, and that this shapes their lived experience.
Sexual Violence as an Afterthought: Securing Justice for Sexual Violence Victims in the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
Authors:   , Hoy Kellie-Sue
Published: November 2021

Using Nancy Fraser’s (2007a) tripartite model of justice as a theoretical backdrop, this thesis critically evaluates the United Nation’s (UN) International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), in relation to how this Tribunal has both secured and limited opportunities to ’do’ justice for sexual violence (SV) victims. This thesis applies a gendered approach to Fraser’s model, and considers how justice has been secured by women, based on principles of recognition, redistribution and representation. Using documentary methods, the thesis analyses ICTR cases concerning SV, to determine how this Tribunal has responded to SV committed against women and girls throughout the Rwandan genocide. This thesis demonstrates that, while the Tribunal has secured some level of justice for SV victims by successfully indicting, prosecuting and punishing some individuals responsible for SV, these crimes have been constructed and responded to in ad hoc and skewed ways. The analysis shows that crimes of SV, as well as its victims, are underrepresented in the ICTR. It also demonstrates that where SV has been addressed, the institutional culture and framework of this Tribunal has marginalised the voice of women, and allowed for discriminatory and insensitive court practices to permeate judicial proceedings. SV victims, who continue to struggle with redistributive injustices, have been negatively impacted by these ICTR practices
The Creation of a Birthing Centre: Considering the Prevention of Post-Natal Depression.
Authors:   , Mazurkiewicz Tanya
Published: November 2021

This thesis explores the notion of interior architecture as a tool in the prevention on of post natal depression. This research is part of a larger and current theoretical argument that places interior architecture in a catalyst role for the prevention of mental illness. Initial research shows that the act of giving birth and its physical and mental recovery are tightly linked to the potential development of depressive disorder. Accordingly this research will explore the spatial requirements for birthing with the prevention of mental disorder in mind. The design will be developed at the intersection of a series of criteria of spatial qualities in the prevention of depressive orders and evidence based hospital design parameters for birthing. This research aims to establish a comprehensive base guideline specific for the design of birthing centres, focusing on the prevention of post natal depression. The design here presented is a series of tests and assessment of this guideline.
How Can Realism be Utilised in an Understanding of the United States/New Zealand Relationship over Nuclear Policy?
Authors:   , Fitzsimons Angela
Published: November 2021

This thesis examines the decision making process of the United States and New Zealand on the nuclear policy issue through the lens of realism and analyses the effect of realism on the ANZUS alliance. Broader questions associated with alliances, national interest, changing priorities and limits on the use of power are also treated. A single case study of the United States/New Zealand security relationship as embodied in the ANZUS treaty will be used to evaluate the utility of realism in understanding the decision making process that led to the declaration by the United States that the treaty was in abeyance. Five significant findings emerged: firstly both New Zealand and the United States used realism in the decision making process based on national interest, Secondly; diverging national interests over the nuclear issue made the ANZUS treaty untenable. Thirdly, ethical and cultural aspects of the relationship between the two states limited the application of classical realism to understanding the bond. Fourthly, normative theory accommodates realist theory on the behaviour of states in the international environment. Finally, continued engagement between the United States and New Zealand and evolved circumstances provided the means to revitalise a changed security relationship.
An Inertia Model for the Adoption of New Farming Practices
Authors:   , Anastasiadis Simon Seraphim
Published: November 2021

Nutrient emissions from agricultural land are now widely recognized as one of the key contributors to poor water quality in local lakes, rivers and streams. Nutrient trading for non-point sources, including farm land, has been suggested as a regulatory tool to improve and protect water quality. However, farmers’ attitudes suggest that they are resistant to making the changes required under such a scheme where this requires them to adopt unfamiliar technologies and farm management practices. This study develops a model of farmers’ resistance to change and how this affects their adoption of new mitigation technologies under nutrient trading regulation. We specify resistance as a bound on the adoption of new technologies and allow this bound to relax as farmers’ resistance to change weakens.
Using Images to Help Children Talk About Their Experiences
Authors:   , Higgs Wendy Lilian
Published: November 2021

Prior research evaluating the effect of Human Figure Diagrams (HFDs) on the nature of children’s recall of touch related information has yield mixed findings. We examined the nature of information elicited by 9-11 year old children (n=55) following participation in a scripted event that incorporated instances of physical contact/touch. We examined the amount and accuracy of information reported under the following conditions; with the aid of a HFD, a photograph of the child, or verbal prompts only. Children presented with HDFs or photographs reported significantly more information following an exhaustive verbal interview, than children provided with verbal prompts only. The accuracy of reports was high overall and did not differ significantly by condition. When children were asked focussed questions about instances of both true and false touch that was not reported during the verbal interview, the accuracy of their accounts reduced significantly compared to phases of the interview that were predominantly child-led. This suggests that visual aids may be safe to use to clarify/elaborate on already reported information, at least with this age group. Specific questions about instances of unreported touch should be avoided.
Talking at cross-purposes?: the effect of gender on New Zealand primary schoolchildren's interaction strategies in pair discussions
Authors:   , Stubbe Maria
Published: November 2021

This thesis explores one aspect of the relationship between sex and language. Twenty pairs of eleven and twelve year old children were tape-recorded during two discussion tasks. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the data were carried out to investigate to what extent previously reported sex differences in interactional style could be observed in this group of New Zealand school children. Particular attention was paid to the relationship between such differences and the way in which children learn through talk in peer discussion. Two general hypotheses were tested: (i) that girls would tend to use a more collaborative, polite, and affiliative style of interaction, while boys would tend to use a more competitive, task-oriented style, paying less attention to the processes of interaction, and (ii) that the style of interaction associated with females would be more conducive to effective discussion from a pedagogical point of view. There were no significant sex differences in the use of interruptive forms and overlaps. However, the girls produced more talk relative to the boys in the mixed-sex context, supportive minimal responses were distributed differently, suggesting different norms as to their use and function, and there was a marked sex difference in the use of strategies for expressing disagreement: the boys were over four times more likely than the girls to produce bald, unmodified disagreements (approximately half of their total disagreement responses), while over 90% of the girls' disagreement responses were qualified in some way. These differences in style were linked to the results of the qualitative analysis of the data which provided clear evidence that the sex composition of the dyads was an important variable in determining the overall quality of discussion, with the girls more likely to facilitate effective, open-ended, elaborated discussion than the boys.
Parental Perceptions About the Importance of Play in the First Three Years
Authors:   , Holland Suzanne Kate
Published: November 2021

Play is a universal and innate disposition that is believed to be one of the most significant components to holistic wellbeing and development during the foundational years of childhood. Research and literature examining the topic of play in early childhood suggests that while unstructured and child directed play is valued, its existence is under threat. Instead, it is being replaced by structured, educational, and adult directed activities which aim to accelerate young children’s learning. Due to these conflicting paradigms, and a lack of research exploring parental values in this area, this quantitative study examined parental perceptions towards structured and unstructured play for children under the age of three years. In order to investigate this topic, 255 New Zealand parents, with children not in full-time childcare and under the age of three years, participated in an anonymous online survey. The survey was designed specifically for this study due to a lack of pre-existing measures. The main finding was that parental perception influenced the way in which infants and toddlers spent their time. The majority of parents perceived unstructured play to best support early development and, consequently, offered children a large amount of daily time to become involved in freely chosen unstructured play. The study also identified that: the more weekly activities a child engaged in, the higher structured play was valued by parents; older parents did not value structured play as highly as younger parents; parents with a tertiary level qualification valued unstructured play more than those parents with a school qualification or less; screen time was perceived to be more appropriate the older the child. These findings were discussed in relation to the implications they raise for the role of the parent, early childhood education, parent education, and child development and wellbeing.
Political Leadership After the British: A Study of Jomo Kenyatta and Julius Nyerere
Authors:   , Baigent James
Published: November 2021

In the post-World War Two era, political decolonisation swept across Africa. In the wake of decolonisation a wide variety of political leadership outcomes have emerged. In many national contexts indigenous political stakeholders were required to wrest political control from colonial powers. This study will compare the progress of the post-colonial political leadership experiences in Kenya and Tanzania - in order to ascertain the nature of the unique pressures and constraints placed upon first generation post-colonial political leaders. This will be framed and informed through the lens of contemporary and historical theories of leadership. Developing a greater understanding of the leadership experiences of these first-generation post decolonisation leaders will provide greater insight into the nature of post decolonisation leadership in sub-Saharan Africa.
Educative Mentoring: Challenges and Enablers of Implementation in an Intermediate School Context
Authors:   , Patterson Sarah Catherine Mary
Published: November 2021

An effective mentoring programme has a positive effect on the quality of teaching, student achievement, the retention of trained teachers and the teaching profession as a whole and the importance of mentoring beginning teachers cannot be overstated. Recently, there has been a shift in thinking on the most effective way to mentor beginning teachers. This shift has been away from a mentoring approach that only provides support and guidance towards educative mentoring which both challenges and transforms teaching practice and is based on a co-constructed learning relationship. In 2012, the New Zealand Teachers Council introduced guidelines into schools to assist mentor teachers in the educative mentoring of beginning teachers. The purpose of this case study was to examine how effectively one intermediate school was implementing these guidelines, identify challenges involved in the implementation process and describe the conditions necessary to support effective, educative mentoring. To answer the research questions, data was collected through an on-line survey, focus groups and an interview. The findings indicated that while both the mentors and beginning teachers felt that the guidelines were being implemented, neither group believed the mentoring process at the school was particularly effective. The biggest challenge to the implementation of the guidelines was differing perceptions of the purpose and potential of a mentoring programme. The beginning teachers, mentor teachers and principal all held differing views on the purpose of mentoring, leading to other challenges including the lack of clarity around procedures and expectations and tension between assistance and assessment.
'Just a Damned Nuisance': New Zealand's Changing Relationship with Israel from 1947 Until May 2010
Authors:   , van Voorthuysen Hannah
Published: November 2021

In 1955, Mr Linton, the Israeli Minister accredited to New Zealand, sent an angry cable home decrying how the New Zealand government seemed to view Israel as if it “were just a damned nuisance, involving New Zealand in complex debating with a certain amount of expenditure within a sphere remote from Dominion interests and apprehensions.” Despite this early criticism from the Israelis, there has been an ongoing level of interest within New Zealand towards the Jewish state that goes beyond what should be expected as the cultural, economic, historic and diplomatic ties between New Zealand and Israel are relatively insignificant. Degrees of closeness between the two states have fluctuated dramatically, from New Zealand's strong political support of the creation of Israel at the United Nations in 1945, to an adoption of Israel's kibbutzim model in the 1970s, and culminating in the extraordinary cutting of diplomatic ties in 2004. What explains these dynamic shifts in attitude? Why has the relationship seen such dramatic shifts throughout the last fifty years? What explains this intense interest from consecutive New Zealand governments, diplomatic staff and the New Zealand public? In this thesis I explore how the relationship is generally shaped by the interest-motivated hand of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, punctuated every now and then by a well placed individual responding to instinct or passion. I also explore the role of external influences on the relationship, examining how trade concerns with Arab states in the Middle East affected the relationship, and examining the effect of international left-wing discomfort towards Israel. New Zealand's relationship with Israel is a dynamic but woefully underexplored history that deserves greater attention and analysis. This thesis tells that story.
Geology of the Sirius Group at Mount Feather and Table Mountain, South Victoria Land, Antarctica
Authors:   , Bleakley Nerida Lynn
Published: November 2021

The Sirius Group comprises of wet based glacial and related deposits found at high elevations throughout the Transantarctic Mountains. The discovery of marine Pliocene diatoms from within glacial till by Harwood (1983) led Webb et al. (1984) to propose that they were sourced from diatom bearing sediment eroded by glaciers from middle Pliocene marine basins inland of the Transantarctic Mountains. Others consider that temperatures during middle Pliocene times were not high enough to melt back the Antarctic ice sheet and expose these inland basins. They support the long held view of a stable Antarctic ice sheet since middle Miocene times, and insist that the Sirius Group is much older, explaining the diatoms as wind blown. This study was undertaken in order to determine whether the diatoms were incorporated into Sirius Group tills during or after their deposition. Sites were sampled at Mount Feather and Table Mountain in South Victoria Land. The distribution of diatoms through the upper 37 cm of the till were documented. Samples were also taken in snow and from other non Sirius Group surfaces (regolith) for comparison purposes. The geomorphic setting of the Sirius Group tills at Mt. Feather and Table Mountain suggests that their deposition predated the deep valleys that now run through the Transantarctic Mountains. Diatom abundances from within the tills are low (averaging about 1 diatom diatom per gram) and highly variable from site to site. Initially 184 diatoms were recovered from 10 samples at Mt. Feather and less than 7 diatoms were found from 4 samples of till at Table Mountain. At Mount Feather diatoms are concentrated in the surface few centimetres of the till and numbers generally decrease with depth. The pore size within the tills is highly variable but is on average ten times the size of the average diatom (10-15 microns) from within the deposits, allowing at least some diatoms to work their way into the tills from the surface. Diatoms from the snow and regolith from other rock surfaces have a similar diatom assemblage to the Sirius tills, containing many of the same common forms. Some non Sirius Group regolith samples have much larger concentrations of diatoms suggesting they have a much better trapping ability than the Sirius Group tills. These data indicate that most diatoms from the Sirius Group tills have been introduced from the atmosphere and have worked their way into the till. Thus the Sirius diatoms record not Pliocene marine basins of the Antarctic interior and subsequent extensive over riding glaciation, but the atmospheric transport and collection of both modern and ancient diatom bearing dust from within and beyond the continent. The Sirius Group tills do however have a phytolith (siliceous clasts from the cells of plant tissue) flora of glaciogenic origin, indicated by the lack of a vertical trend in abundance and very low levels of phytoliths in nearby snow and regolith samples.
Neotectonics, Kinematics, and Evolution of the Vernon, Awatere, and Cloudy Faults of the Marlborough Fault System, New Zealand
Authors:   , Bartholomew Timothy David
Published: November 2021

The coastal Awatere, Vernon, and Cloudy faults are bent and mutually intersecting, forming a complexly deforming dextral-oblique fault network. To try to explain the kinematic, paleoseismic and evolutionary complexities of this network, I present the results of an investigation into the rates, timing, and direction of slip on the faults within the network; which bifurcate eastwards from the central Awatere fault at the northeast end of the Marlborough Fault System. Displacements of dated and nondated late Quaternary features by the three faults were measured both onshore and offshore, constraining the kinematics of the fault network. The Vernon fault oddly maintains a dextral-reverse structure although it varies over 90° in strike and the Cloudy and coastal Awatere faults change from nearly pure strike slip to having a normal component eastwards. These data indicate that the fault-bounded blocks between the coastal Awatere, Vernon and Cloudy faults are rotating anticlockwise about a vertical axis relative to the block to the north of the fault system. Slip-rate data also indicate that of the 6 ± 1 mm/yr of slip on the central Awatere Fault, 1.1 ± 0.6 mm/yr has been partitioned ENE onto the coastal Awatere Fault and <4.9 mm/yr has been partitioned NNE onto the Vernon Fault. A slip-rate shortage in the splays of the Vernon Fault in the Vernon Hills is caused by a combination of unsighted faults and rotation of smaller splay-bounded blocks within the Vernon Hills. Paleoseismic records on the Vernon Fault were analysed onshore in a trench and offshore on seismic lines, with the records in good agreement. 3-5 earthquakes are recognised at different sites, with the last earthquake occurring 3.3 ka and a mean recurrence interval of 3-4 ka on the Vernon Fault. When combined with the paleseismic records from the Awatere and Cloudy faults I find that separate faults ruptured at similar times, suggesting a connectivity of the faults, as separate faults could mutually rupture during one earthquake or an earthquake could subsequently trigger an earthquake on a nearby fault. Finally I present the finite slip of geologic units and use these data as well as the late Quaternary slip data to describe the evolution of the fault network. I propose that the fault network at the NE end of the Awatere fault has stepped northwards into several splays, caused by clockwise rotation of the NE tips of the Marlborough faults.
Treatment of Developmental Reading Disorders: A Visual Attention Span Deficit Approach
Authors:   , Jones Ben
Published: November 2021

A current theory of the cognitive underpinnings of developmental reading disorders supposes that two impairments contribute to the overall profile of disordered reading: one of phonological awareness and one of visual attention span. The severity of each impairment is different for each child. By identifying children that display a severe degree of one impairment, but a limited degree of the other, each impairment can be investigated. The current study identified one participant with a stronger phonological impairment, and one with a stronger impairment of visual attention span. They completed two training programs: one program tailored to improve phonology, and one tailored to improve visual span. Both treatments improved reading performance in both participants. It was expected that the treatment targeting each participant‟s particular cognitive impairment would prove more effective for that participant. However, both treatments were found to show similar levels of improvement with both participants.
The Concept of Sacred in Post-Soviet Literature
Authors:   , Cicenaite Akvilina
Published: November 2021

Rejecting the prior essentialist assumptions connected with the classical notions of the sacred, this dissertation argues for the redefinition of this concept and its use as an analytical tool. Religion, too, should no longer be held as a privileged space for the emergence of the sacred. The sacred is held not to be a numinous phenomenon experienced privately, a universal term, or of an unchangeable structure. Instead, it is a relative and temporary category constructed through certain cultural practices, which helps us disclose the concepts of meaning, identity and community. Such a redefined notion can be applied when speaking about contemporary culture and literature.  This dissertation presents Russian writer Victor Pelevin as a case study, demonstrating the possibility to speak of the sacred in the seemingly secular post-Soviet milieu. It provides insights into the role of the sacred in his works and introduces new possible approaches towards his writings and his position in Russian literature. Moreover, the analysis of Pelevin’s works shows that this redefined understanding of the sacred is productive not only in his writings, but also in general in the studies of sacrality in the postmodern world, making this post-Soviet sacred a more extensive concept, applicable in a wide variety of contexts.
Drawing Conclusions: Analyzing Graphic Novels Alongside American Literacy Standards
Authors:   , Virello Molly Kathryn
Published: November 2021

Research problem: This project proposes to address how graphic novels can be applied to American Common Core State Standards, aid student achievement of those standards, and how teachers can approach teaching the graphic novel format in the classroom. It also discusses the visual attributes presented by the images of graphic novels and how those attributes might aid in visual and traditional literacy acquisition. Methodology: A qualitative approach was used to analyse a selection of graphic novel adaptations of classic texts which are used in the American High School classroom. These graphic novel adaptations were analysed using visually reinterpreted criteria and attributes from the Common Core State Standards for Reading Literature. A sample of seven graphic novels were chosen for analysis for this project. Results: The results of this study illustrate how the CCSS can be applied to the images in graphic novels and still be satisfied. The visuals in graphic novel adaptations provide concrete examples of the CCSS criteria expected to be found in text-based novels, and present a way to provide access points to difficult concepts and texts in an educational setting through a visual lens. Implications: This study provides a starting point that teachers and librarians can use to apply CCSS to graphic novels and presents one, non-exhaustive, way which teachers and librarians can apply the CCSS to the classroom. It presents a set of attributes which can be used to judge the effectiveness of a graphic novel to help students achieve CCSS. Librarians and educators may be able to use the criteria presented to build their graphic novel collections so they possess the necessary qualities to aid in student literacy acquisition. Future research on this topic should be broadened to include student testing in grade levels: 9-12, in order to ascertain if the attributes and graphic novels do promote student satisfaction of the standards and aid in visual, critical, multimodal, etc., literacy acquisition. Refining the attributes created for this study is another possibility for future research, as well as developing specific questions which link to CCSS criteria, and testing a broader sample of graphic novels which include original graphic novels, as opposed to adaptations, with the attributes presented in this study.
Decriminalisation of Prostitution in New Zealand, 1987-2003 : A Selected Annotated Bibliography
Authors:   , Stewart Robert Andrew James
Published: November 2021

The Prostitution Reform Act 2003, which was passed in June 2003, decriminalised prostitution in New Zealand. The decriminalisation of prostitution was a highly controversial step that generated a lot of community debate and was passed with only a single vote majority in Parliament. The purpose of this bibliography is to assist people who are interested in the reasons that prostitution was decriminalised in New Zealand to obtain relevant material. This bibliography provides citations and annotations to significant print items that deal with prostitution and its legal status in New Zealand for the period from 1987 to the end of June 2003. Items have been annotated to assist users to decide whether to obtain the items themselves. The items have been ordered chronologically and have been subject indexed to assist users who wish to follow some of the themes and arguments about the decriminalisation of prostitution. People and source indexes have also been provided to facilitate access to the items.
Iris Hanika's Treffen Sich Zwei: Reception, Analysis and Interpretation
Authors:   , Nitz Kerry Alistair
Published: November 2021

Iris Hanika’s commercially and critically successful novel Treffen sich zwei makes use of several techniques in the characterisation of its protagonists. Many of its reviews focus on the author’s deliberate placement of links to a wider literary context. Their interest extends from questions of genre-mixing through to the identification of direct quotes from other authors’ works. The critical preoccupation with intertexts demonstrates their importance for the readers’ response to the novel. More specifically, certain reviews highlight the important role intertexts play in the characterisation of the protagonists. This study catalogues the intertexts, metaphors and parodies in Treffen sich zwei and, by means of quantitative analysis, identifies high-level patterns in the use of these techniques. In particular, patterns are identified between, on the one hand, the different narrative functions of the intertexts and, on the other hand, the different ways in which they are interwoven in the text. The data also shows that distinct patterns are associated with each of the two protagonists and that certain patterns change in the course of the novel in parallel with the changes in the relationship between them. This quantitative evidence is supported by a more detailed, qualitative approach, which examines how specific intertexts or metaphors are used for the purposes of characterisation. In addition, variations in voice are used to distinguish the two main protagonists in a manner consistent with the intertexts and metaphors. It is thanks to the combination of these techniques that the theme of meeting encapsulated in the title, Treffen sich zwei, is woven into the textual fabric of the novel.
Issues of Dance Notation: Domenico da Piacenza's Dance Writing in Fifteenth-Century Italy
Authors:   , Spedding Chloe
Published: November 2021

Dance is an art form that is traditionally taught through physical demonstration. Choreography is forgotten if it is not practised repetitively, as dancers must rely on physical memory without the help of a written score to remind them of the steps. So many great works have been lost over time as choreographers have neglected to preserve their routines in written form. To prevent this, multiple notation systems have been created but none of them have ever become as popular or standardised as music notation. Many of these systems involve symbols that can only be understood by those who have studied the system in depth and are therefore inaccessible to the everyday dancer or choreographer. The origins of dance notation in Western culture come from fifteenth-century Italy. Dance masters who served at the many courts of the country recognised the need for dance to be intellectually understood as well as performed. The popularity of manuals as a way to discuss art, music, philosophy and many other subjects that formed the education of the elite during the Renaissance led to the writing of dance manuals. Domenico da Piacenza (c.1400-1476) was the first to do this, and his treatise De arte saltandi et choreas ducendi (c.1455) is an eloquently written model text for all dance manuals that followed. Domenico does not notate his dances with symbols, but rather uses word descriptions to explain his choreography. His manual includes sixteen chapters which discuss the qualities one should aspire to achieve when dancing, the nature of the different misure (speeds) of the music, and how one should dance to each of these. This is followed by descriptions of eighteen of Domenico’s balli accompanied with his self-composed music, and five bassadanze. By examining closely three of Domenico’s balli, and attempting to reconstruct them, this thesis engages with issues regarding the preservation of dance and how effective the use of the written word is for doing so. Although there are several flaws in Domenico’s system, the idea of using the written word to notate dance still seems the most practical to date. The method created by Domenico in fifteenth-century Italy for his court dances is still the most common way for modern dance forms such as ballet and ballroom to be notated, transmitted to others and learned by dancers today.
Some new insights into the semantics of English N+N compounds
Authors:   , Tarasova Elizaveta
Published: November 2021

This thesis focuses on English N+N compounds and the primary purpose of the study is to investigate the way in which compounded structures acquire their meaning and to check the way in which the semantics of each of the constituents contributes to the overall meaning of the structure. The way in which such contributions are made should be inferable from the linguistic analysis of the structure and meaning of compounds. In order to do this, the thesis looks first at the morphological productivity of the constituents comprising a compound. The second aim is to identify whether the productivity of a compound constituent on the morphological level coincides with the productivity of the semantic relation realised in the constituent family. The discussion of the results obtained from a corpus study provides plausible explanations for the regularities noted in the course of the analysis by using some of the relevant principles from the complex of approaches including the Construction Grammar and Cognitive Grammar approaches. Examples of compounds were collected from the printed media (NZ broadsheets) and the BNC. The analysis of the data used both quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative analysis of the data confirms two hypotheses: (1) that a constituent is more productive in just one of the positions (modifier or head), and (2) the more productive a constituent is, the more likely it is to realise a single semantic relation in a constituent family. The qualitative analysis involves consideration of the semantic content of the concepts in each constituent in order to see how this content is reflected in the semantic relations realised by a constituent. It is discovered that the semantic content of the head is a stronger predictor of the relation realised in a compound than that of the modifier. The study is important in order to better understand the factors that govern the formation of compounds and the patterns that speakers use in the process of coining complex lexical items ...
Managing Interpretation at a UNESCO World Heritage Site: A Supply-Side Perspective of Angkor Wat Temple, Cambodia
Authors:   , Sarm Chanvirak
Published: November 2021

Interpretation and its relevance for visitor experiences have been discussed extensively but little attention has been paid to the management of interpretation by multiple stakeholders. UNESCO World Heritage Sites involve a number of different organisations but their interpretation management is not well understood. A lack of good interpretation management may lead to negative effects on heritage properties and people understanding about the heritage. This study aims to examine the structure of interpretation management and to identify the objectives in interpretation from various stakeholder organisations’ perspectives. Other influential factors, for example decision making, are studied. Angkor Wat temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Cambodia, is used as a case study. Adopting the social constructivist approach for the current study strengthens the research method and data interpretation. The research takes a supply-side perspective; in-depth interviews were conducted with 22 representatives from UNESCO, the Ministry of Tourism, site management teams, tour guides and tour companies. The findings suggest that interpretation is not yet managed successfully by organisations and tour guides. Tour guides are concerned about their lack of knowledge and language proficiency which impacts on their presentation. In addition, managing a different demand of group tour was found important for interpretation management. Tour guides had less involvement in making a decision about the development of interpretation-related projects. Some conflicts between the tour guides and site managers about decision making were identified. On the other hand, managing interpretation by organisations still requires interpretive facilities and visitor centres to enhance visitors’ experiences at Angkor Wat temple. This research contributes to the literature on interpretation and heritage tourism by identifying different interpretation management by multiple stakeholders. In addition to the academic study, the findings imply that relevant organisations need further improvement of interpretation management and visitor centres at Angkor Wat temple.