bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wanita Berpendidikan dan Bekerja Mengurangi Resiko Praktik “Kawin Anum” Di Perdesaan Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Kartika Norma Yuni , Amanda Ayu Rizky , Efendi Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Tingginya kasus kawin anum di perdesaan menjadi hambatan pencapaian pembangunan manusia di Indonesia terutama pembangunan penduduk usia muda. Studi mengenai faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan wanita tidak melakukan kawin anum di perdesaan Kalimantan Selatan menjadi sangat penting untuk dilakukan dalam rangka memberikan masukan untuk menyukseskan pendewasaan usia kawin dan sesuai aturan pada undang-undang perkawinan. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif menggunakan data sekunder yaitu data SDKI 2017. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perempuan usia 15-49 tahun yang telah menikah di Kalimantan Selatan berjumlah 633. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah perempuan usia 15-49 tahun yang telah menikah dan tinggal di daerah perdesaan Kalimantan Selatan berjumlah 333 responden. Sampel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 77 responden yang menikah dibawah 16 tahun dan 256 responden yang menikah pada umur 16 tahun keatas. Variabel yang digunakan sebagai variabel terpengaruh adalah usia kawin pertama. Sementara itu yang digunakan sebagai variabel pengaruh yaitu variabel sosial (pendidikan) dan variabel ekonomi (status bekerja dan ekonomi rumah tangga). Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif analitis dengan menggunakan tabel silang ataupun metode statistik multivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selain faktor tempat tinggal, faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap usia kawin pertama di perdesaan Kalimantan Selatan adalah faktor ekonomi (tingkat ekonomi rumah tangga) dan faktor sosial (pendidikan). Dari kedua faktor tersebut faktor ekonomi menjadi faktor dominan, bahwa rumah tangga yang ekonominya tidak miskin cenderung tidak melakukan kawin anum. Dan, wanita yang berpendidikan tinggi cenderung tidak melakukan kawin anum. Kata Kunci: wanita, berpendidikan, bekerja, resiko, kawin anum
Ketahanan Penyakit Bercak Coklat (Helminthosporium sp.) pada Padi Beras Merah, Padi Beras Hitam, Lokal Siam, dan Unggul Ciherang
Authors: Norjamilah Norjamilah , . Mariana , Budi Ismed Setya
Published: March 2022

Helminthosporium sp. is the cause of brown spot disease in rice. This fungus has a wide host and is easily spread. This disease causes a loss of production reaching 50-91%. The use of resistant varieties is an appropriate solution for controlling this disease. This research aims to test the resistance level of red rice, black rice, local Siamese and superior Ciherang to brown spot disease, identify the length of incubation period and the infection rate of the fungus Helminthosporium sp. until it gives rise to indications of symptoms in each of the rice tested. The types of rice tested were brown rice, black rice, local Siamese and superior Ciherang with 6 replications, in order to obtain 24 experimental units. The results of the research show that all types of tested rice have the same level of resistance, namely susceptible types. The seriousness of the disease in black rice was 41, 11%, brown rice 34, 07%, local Siamese 34, 07% and superior Ciherang 36, 56%. The fastest incubation period occurred in local Siamese, accompanied by brown rice and black rice, on day 2 of inoculation, and the slowest incubation period for superior Ciherang rice was on day 4 after inoculation. Each test rice variety has a different rate of disease growth rate. In this study, the fastest average disease growth rate was red rice 0.344 units/day, black rice 0.186 units/day, local Siam 0.115 units/day and Ciherang 0.141 units/day.
Pengendalian Penyakit Moler Pada Tanaman Bawang Merah Menggunakan Larutan Kulit Buah Durian
Authors: Suriyani Noor Herda , . Salamiah , Rosa Helda Orbani
Published: March 2022

Penyakit moler/ layu Fusarium adalah penyakit yang sering menyerang tanaman bawang merah dengan gejala serangan berupa daun tanaman terpelintir. Penyakit ini disebabkan cendawan Fusarium oxysporum. Pengendalian penyakit moler dilakukan dengan pemberian pestisida kimia yang menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap makhluk hidup non target dan menyebabkan kerusakkan lingkungan. Untuk mengurangi penggunaan pestisida kimia, salah satu alternatif yang bisa dipilih adalah menggunakan pestisida nabati. Pestisida nabati terbuat dari bahan-bahan alami yang mudah didapat seperti kulit durian. Pada limbah kulit ini terdapat bahan aktif yang dapat dimanfaatkan selaku pengendalian cendawan atau antifungi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh larutan dari kulit buah durian terhadap cendawan F. oxysporum pada bawang merah. Riset ini dicoba dengan tata cara Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 5 perlakuan serta diulang sebanyak 4 kali. Kulit buah durian, berpotensi untuk pestisida nabati sebab sanggup membatasi pertumbuhan F. oxysporum. Larutan yang sangat efisien dalam menekan F. oxysporum adalah larutan kulit buah durian 250 g yang dilarutkan dengan 1 liter air dengan intensitas serangan sebesar 38.25%.
Inventarisasi Lalat Buah pada Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frustescens l.) di Desa Karya Maju Kecamatan Marabahan Kabupaten Barito Kuala
Authors: Al Rahmat Syahri Rajab , Liestiany Elly , Pramudi Muhammad Indar
Published: March 2022

Salah satu hambatan dalam pembudidayaan tumbuhan cabai rawit merupakan serbuan lalat buah. Penyusutan hasil panen yang diakibatkan oleh lalat buah berkisar 50- 75% apalagi bisa menggapai 100% Tujuan riset ini Mengidentifikasi spesies lalat buah yang menyerang pertanaman cabai rawit. Pada riset ini diperoleh jumlah totalitas lalat buah yang tertangkap 2. 786 ekor.  Lahan 1 (1.352 ekor) serta pada lahan 2 (1. 434 ekor). Ada 4 spesies yang teridentifikasi pada lahan cabai rawit, ialah Bactrocera dorsalis, B. papaya,   B. carambolae, serta B. umbrosa. B. dorsalis mendominasi dari semua spesies tersebut. Jumlah spesies paling banyak ialah B. dorsalis (858 ekor di lahan 1 dan 866 ekor di lahan 2), B. papayae (368 di lahan 1 dan 393 di lahan 2), B. carambolae (117 ekor di lahan 1 dan 171 ekor di lahan 2), B. umbrosa (9 ekor di lahan 1 dan 4 ekor di lahan 2).
Aplikasi Pestisida Nabati Larutan Kemangi Terhadap Hama Penghisap Daun Cabai
Authors: Thaibah Marisa , Rosa Helda Orbani , Pramudi M Indar
Published: March 2022

Riset ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi larutan kemangi terhadap hama penghisap daun cabai (kutu kebul, thrips serta aphids) yang dilaksanakan di kebun Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lambung Mangkurat Banjarbaru sepanjang 5 bulan semenjak bulan Desember 2020 hingga Mei 2021. Metode riset memakai Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan konsentrasi larutan kemangi serta 2 kontrol (tanpa perlakuan serta kimia) dengan parameter pengamatan berbentuk kelimpahan populasi hama penghisap daun, keseriusan serangan hama pada tumbuhan serta peristiwa indikasi serangan virus. Tiap-tiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 4 kali sehingga tercipta 24 unit satuan percobaan. Tiap perlakuan terdiri dari 4 polybag. Tiap polybag ditanami dengan 1 tumbuhan sehingga jumlah totalitas 4 tumbuhan contoh. Jumlah totalitas terdapat 96 tumbuhan. Keseriusan serbuan terendah terjalin pada perlakuan TKC serta TKD, sebaliknya kelimpahan populasi terendah diperlakuan TKA serta TKB. Dari hasil yang terdapat bisa disimpulkan pemakaian larutan daun kemangi bisa mengurangi serangan hama penghisap daun pada cabai.
Pengaruh Cara Pemberian PGPR Terhadap Kejadian Penyakit Antraknosa Pada Cabai di Lahan Basah
Authors: Rahman Fauji , Marsuni Yusriadi , Liestiany Elly
Published: March 2022

Produksi Cabai merah besar (Capsicum annuum L) di Kalimantan Selatan menurun di bawah produksi nasional pada tahun 2019,  hal ini karena serangan penyakit antraknosa. Pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan menggunakan bahan dari tumbuhan yaitu PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara pemberian PGPR terhadap penyakit antraknosa pada cabai di lahan basah dan manfaat memberikan informasi tentang cara pemberian PGPR terhadap antraknosa pada cabai. Penelitian menggunakan akar dari bambu sebagai bahan utama pembuatan PGPR, yang diaplikasikan dengan berbagai cara pemberian terhadap tanaman cabai, penelitian bertempat di pertanaman sayuran lingkungan lahan basah dan dilaksanakan selama 125 hari dari penyemaian sampai 10 kali panen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dengan 5 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan berpengaruh nyata untuk kejadian penyakit pada pengamatan ke 9, tinggi tanaman pemberian secara kocor (C) dan semprot (B) memiliki nilai rata-rata paling tinggi, jumlah buah dipengaruhi oleh kondisi tanaman dan berat buah dilihat dari kualitas serta kuantitas buah semakin tebal daging buah maka beratnya akan bertambah.
Pengaruh Tanaman Refugia Kenikir (Cosmos Caudatus) Kombinasi Jarak Tanam Untuk Menghindari Serangan Penyakit Antraknosa Pada Tanaman Cabai Besar
Authors: Fatimah Siti , Marsuni Yusriadi , Rosa Helda Orbani
Published: March 2022

Cabai besar adalah salah satu jenis sayuran yang sering dibubidayakan petani karena bernilai ekonomi tinggi serta memiliki nilai gizi cukup tinggi. Antraknosa (Colletotrichum spp) merupakan penyakit utama yang sering menyerang tanaman cabai besar yang dapat menyebabkan kehilangan hasil dan menghancurkan seluruh tanaman budidaya. Adapun penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh dari tanaman refugia kenikir (Cosmos caudatus) yang dikombinasikan dengan jarak tanam untuk menghindari seranganipenyakit antraknosa. Metode yang digunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial (RAKF) 2 faktor yaitu Refugia kenikir (Cosmos caudatus) (R) dan Jarak Tanam (J), terdapat 6 perlakuan dan 4 kelompok sehingga berjumlah 24 unit percobaan dengan setiap unit ditanam 4 tanaman maka didapatkan 96 tanaman yang diujikan dengan variabel pengamatan persentase kejadian penyakit dan berat basah buah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tanaman refugia kenikir (Cosmos caudatus) kombinasi jarak tanam tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kejadian penyakit antraknosa, namun pemberian perlakuan jarak tanam berpengaruh terhadap berat basah buah pengamatan hari ke-105 dan 120 dengan rata-rata produksi tertinggi pada perlakuan J3R1 (60x120 cm; 60 pohon kenikir) sebesar 63,5 gram dan 91,25 gram.
Heat Load Profiles in Industry and the Tertiary Sector: Correlation with Electricity Consumption and Ex Post Modelling
Authors: Jesper Mateo , Pag Felix , Vajen Klaus , Jordan Ulrike
Published: March 2022

The accurate prediction of heat load profiles with a daily resolution is required for a broad range of applications such as potential studies, design, or predictive operation of heating systems. If the heat demand of a consumer is mainly caused by (production) processes independent of the ambient temperature, existing load profile prediction methods fail. To close this gap, this study develops two ex post machine learning models for the prediction of the heat demand with a daily resolution. The selected input features are commonly available to each consumer connected to public natural gas and electricity grids or operating an energy monitoring system: Ambient temperature, weekday, electricity consumption, and heat consumption of the last seven days directly before the predicted day. The study’s database covers electricity and natural gas consumption load profiles from 82 German consumers over a period of two years. Electricity and heat consumption correlate strongly with individual patterns for many consumers. Both, shallow and deep learning algorithms are evaluated. The highest accuracy is achieved by a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) model with a median of R² of 0.94. The ex post model architecture makes the model suitable for automated anomaly detection in energy monitoring systems.
EEG Hyperscanning and Qualitative Analysis of Moments of Interest in Music Therapy for Stroke Rehabilitation – A Feasibility Study
Authors: Tucek Gerhard , Maidhof Clemens , Vogl Julia , Heine Astrid , Zeppelzauer Matthias , Steinhoff Nikolaus , Fachner Jörg
Published: March 2022

Interdisciplinary research into the underlying neural processes of music therapy (MT) and subjective experiences of patients and therapists are largely lacking. The aim of the current study was to assess the feasibility of newly developed procedures (including EEG/ECG hyperscanning, synchronous audio-video monitoring, and qualitative interviews) to study the personal experiences and neuronal dynamics of moments of interest during MT with stroke survivors. The feasibility of our mobile set-up and procedures as well as their clinical implementation in a rehabilitation centre and an acute hospital ward were tested with four phase C patients. Protocols and interviews were used for the documentation and analysis of the feasibility. Recruiting patients for MT sessions was feasible, although data collection on three consecutive weeks was not always possible due to organisational constraints, especially in the hospital with acute ward routines. Research procedures were successfully implemented, and according to interviews, none of the patients reported any burden, tiredness or increased stress due to the research procedures, which lasted approx. 3 hours (ranging from 135min to 209min) for each patient. Implementing the research procedures in a rehabilitation unit with stroke patients was feasible and only small adaptations were made for further research.
Understanding Shedders: Which Sociodemographic, Health and Wellbeing Characteristics Best Inform Appropriate Health Promotion Action and A ‘Shed for Life’?
Authors: McGrath Aisling , Murphy Niamh , Egan Tom , Ormond Gillian , Richardson Noel
Published: March 2022

Abstract Issue Addressed: Men’s Sheds (‘Sheds’) have been identified as inherently health promoting and as potential settings to engage ‘hard-to-reach’ men in more structured health promotion initiatives. However, little is known about the sociodemographic or health and wellbeing characteristics of Shed members (‘Shedders’) on which such initiatives might be based. This study captures a baseline cross sectional analysis of Shedders (n=384) who participated in ‘Sheds for Life’, a health promotion initiative tailored to Sheds. Methods: Objective health measure, (body composition, blood pressure, blood lipids) captured via health screening as well as sociodemographic and health and wellbeing measures (physical activity, subjective wellbeing, mental health, social capital, cooking and diet) via questionnaires were assessed. Results: Participants were mostly over 65 years, retired with limited educational attainment. The majority were in the ‘at-risk’ categories for objective health measures, with most being referred to their GP following health screening. Older Shedders were also more likely to meet physical activity guidelines. Mental wellbeing was positively correlated with life satisfaction and increased social capital and these were also positively correlated with physical activity. Conclusions: Findings highlight the potential of Sheds in reaching a ‘hard-to-reach’ and ‘at-risk’ cohort of men. Despite a high prevalence of ‘at-risk’ objective health measures, participants report their health in positive terms. Future health promotion initiatives should capitalise on the inherent health promoting properties of Sheds. So what? Findings raise important implications for prioritising and designing health promotion initiatives in Shed settings.
Vegetable Extracts for Adaptive Agriculture: A Preliminary Assessment in Italy
Authors: Leogrande Rita , El Chami Daniel , Piegari Giuseppe , Elefante Mario , Di Carolo Michele , Perrelli Donato , Fumarola Giulio , Dongiovanni Crescenza
Published: March 2022

To meet the United Nations sustainable development goals (UN-SDGs) and the European Green Deal, plant biostimulants have become a necessity in agriculture. In particular, seaweed-based biostimulants have received a greater acceptance for their several benefits in crop growth and yield. This study evaluates the effects foliar applications based on vegetables and brown algae extract (Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jol., on grapes and olive yield in two field experiments in the Apulia region known for its modern agricultural sector. In particular, grape-growing and olive production. At harvest, the yield performances were determined. The results highlighted that the crop responses differed in grape and olive orchards. The biostimulant application determined significant increases in bunch development (+ 9.5%) and bunch weight (+10%) compared to untreated control. In the olive orchard, the yield was not significantly influenced by biostimulant application, whereas we observed quality improvement in olive oil in treated plants compared with the control. To better understand the mechanisms behind this difference, the research concludes by suggesting pursuing in-depth studies and high scientific and technical proficiency to determine and optimise the rates and timing of applications.
Riwayat Keluarga, Aktivitas Fisik dan Pola Makan terhadap Kejadian Dismenorea Primer pada Wanita
Authors: Septiyani Tasya , Simamora Sarmalina
Published: March 2022

Primary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain since menarche, there are no abnormalities in the uterus. Family history is a risk factor for primary dysmenorrhea. Physical activity and a good diet of women have the possibility to prevent it happening. This study aims to analyze the relationship between family history, physical activity and diet with the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea in women. This research is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach. Sampling was done by the accidental non-probability sampling method. Data collection was taken based on respondents' answers to online questionnaires. The measuring tool used is the google form. 58.0% of respondents had a family history of primary dysmenorrhea, 91.6% of respondents did not have sufficient physical activity and 95.5% did not have a good diet. The results of the Chi-square test showed that family history had a significant relationship with the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea with a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05. Physical activity and diet did not have a relationship with the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea (p-value 0.285 and p-value 0.419). Generally, respondents in this study have a poor diet and physical activity, so this affects the results of the analysis. To get a more adequate answer, it is necessary to conduct research with a good diet and physical activity intervention design for dysmenorrhea respondents.
Status Kesuburan Tanah sebagai Dasar Strategi Pengelolaan Lahan Sawah di Kabupaten Bantul, Indonesia
Authors: Maro'ah Siti , Sunarminto Bambang Hendro , Utami Sri Nuryani Hidayah
Published: March 2022

Rice is the main food commodity in Indonesia. The main factor affecting rice productivity is soil fertility. This study aims to determine the soil fertility status of paddy fields in the Bantul Regency. The research was conducted by surveying soil characteristics supported by laboratory analysis. The survey area consists of 4 Land Map Units (LMU) which are made based on the type of soil, where for each LMU 3 soil sampling points are taken. Soil fertility status is represented by Soil Fertility Index (SFI). The results showed that the SFI in Bantul Regency was moderate (0.72). SFI in LMU-1 is moderate (0.70), LMU-2 is moderate (0.71), LMU-3 is high (0.83) and LMU-4 is moderate (0.64). Significant indicators that were positively correlated with SFI were organic C, total N and available K. The management of paddy fields is based on factors related to SFI. The recommended land management for increasing soil fertility is the addition of organic matter in the form of Azolla which can increase the total N and organic C of the soil as well as the application of manure. Proper management of paddy fields can maintain soil fertility and sustainable rice productivity.
Observasi Pengendalian Mutu, Sanitasi dan Higiene pada Produksi Teh Telang Lemon di UMKM Sarisa Merapi
Authors: Afifah Afifah , Satar Ibdal
Published: March 2022

Sarisa Merapi is a small and medium-sized micro enterprise (MSME) engaged in food processing such as telang lemon tea, candied salak, dodol salak, sari salak and egg roll. Among these products, telang lemon tea became the choice in this study because of the large number of productions and the relatively low price. In addition, telang lemon tea has health benefits because it contains antioxidants and can be used as a substitute drink for tea. The quality of telang lemon tea is determined by the quality of raw materials, the application of sanitation and hygiene in the production process. But in reality, it is less noticed by business owners. The purpose of this practice is to observe quality control, application of sanitation and hygiene in the production process of telang lemon tea in Sarisa Merapi MSME. The method of data collection is carried out by observation, interviews with staff and employees, documentation and literature studies focused on the process of preparing raw materials, processing, packaging and application of sanitation and hygiene on the production of lemon tea in Sarisa Merapi MSMEs. The process of processing telang lemon tea has three stages, namely the procurement of raw materials, the manufacture of intermediate products and the final product. The results showed that the application of quality control, sanitation and hygiene were quite well performed in the procurement of raw materials, the manufacture of intermediate products, the final product process, packaging and storage. However, in the application of sanitation and hygiene, there were still some problems such as workers did not routinely wear aprons and masks during the production process, the absence of barriers between production rooms. Therefore, Sarisa Merapi needs to pay more attention and evaluate these problems.
Nilai pH, Viskositas dan Hedonik Sari Buah Jeruk Manis dengan Penambahan Gelatin Tulang Ikan Bandeng
Authors: Dwiloka Bambang , Rahman Farhan Taufiqul , Mulyani Sri
Published: March 2022

The stabilizer applied to sweet orange juice has properties as a clarifying agent, one of which is gelatin. Gelatin can be derived from collagen tissue of skin and bones animal, one of which is milkfish bone because fish contains high collagen. The effect of the clarifying agent on gelatin has an impact on sweet orange juice such as the degree of acidity, viscosity value and the level of consumer preference. This study aims to determine the values of pH, viscosity and hedonic for sweet orange juice with the addition of milkfish bone gelatin. The design of this study used completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment given was the addition of milkfish bone gelatin to sweet orange juice, which was 0%; 0.2%; 0.4%; 0.6% and 0.8%. The data analysis method was carried out using the application of SPSS for windows 20.0. The results showed that the pH value was 4.695 to 4.733; viscosity value was 4.28 to 5.72 cP and hedonic scores 5 to 6 are obtained like to like very much. The best treatment in this study was the addition of 0.2% milkfish bone gelatin because it produced more efficient pH, viscosity and hedonic values.
Full-scale evaluation of multi-axial geogrids in road applications
Authors: Robinson W.
Published: March 2022

The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) constructed a full-scale unsurfaced test section to evaluate the performance of two prototype geogrids, referred to as NX950 and NX750, in road applications. The test section consisted of a 10-in.-thick crushed aggregate surface layer placed over a very weak 2 California Bearing Ratio (CBR) clay subgrade. Simulated truck traffic was applied using one of ERDC’s specially designed load carts outfitted with a single-axle dual wheel truck gear. Rutting performance and instrumentation response data were monitored at multiple traffic intervals. It was found that the prototype geogrids improved rutting performance when compared to the unstabilized test item, and that the test item containing NX950 had the best rutting performance. Further, instrumentation response data indicated that the geogrids reduced measured pressure and deflection near the surface of the subgrade layer. Pressure response data in the aggregate layer suggested that the geogrids redistributed applied pressure higher in the aggregate layer, effectively changing the measured stress profile with an increase in pavement depth.
Classification Of Rice Leaf Blast Severity Using Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Zhang Guosheng , Xu Tongyu , Tian Youwen , Feng Shuai , Zhao Dongxue , Guo Zhonghui
Published: March 2022

Rice leaf blast is prevalent all over the world and is a serious threat to rice yield and quality. Hyperspectral imaging is an emerging technology applied in plant disease research. In this paper, the standard deviation (STD) of the spectral reflectance of whole leaves was calculated and a support vector machine (SVM) model was built to classify the degree of rice leaf blast at different growth stages. The average accuracy of the full-spectrum-based SVM model at jointing stage, booting stage and heading stage was 97.78%, 92.63% and 92.20%, respectively. The STD of the spectral reflectance of the whole leaf differed not only within samples with different disease grades, but also those with the same disease level. Compared with the raw spectral reflectance, the STD of which performed better in assessing rice leaf blast severity.
Introducing a brain-computer interface to facilitate intraoperative medical imaging control – a feasibility study
Authors: Esfandiari Hooman , Troxler Pascal , Hodel Sandro , Suter Daniel , Farshad Mazda , Fürnstahl Philipp
Published: March 2022

Background: Safe and accurate execution of surgeries to date mainly rely on preoperative plans generated based on preoperative imaging. Frequent intraoperative interaction with such patient images during the intervention is needed, which is currently a cumbersome process given that such images are generally displayed on peripheral two-dimensional (2D) monitors and controlled through interface devices that are outside the sterile filed. This study proposes a new medical image control concept based on a Brain Computer Interface (BCI) that allows for hands-free and direct image manipulation without relying on gesture recognition methods or voice commands. Methods: A software environment was designed for displaying three-dimensional (3D) patient images onto external monitors, with the functionality of hands-free image manipulation based on the user’s brain signals detected by the BCI device (i.e., visually evoked signals). In a user study, ten orthopedic surgeons completed a series of standardized image manipulation tasks to navigate and locate predefined 3D points in a Computer Tomography (CT) image using the developed interface. Accuracy was assessed as the mean error between the predefined locations (ground truth) and the navigated locations by the surgeons. All surgeons rated the performance and potential intraoperative usability in a standardized survey using a five-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree).Results: when using the developed interface, the mean image control error was 15.51 mm (SD: 9.57). The user's acceptance was rated with a Likert score of 4.07 (SD: 0.96) while the overall impressions of the interface was rated as 3.77 (SD: 1.02) by the users. We observed a significant correlation between the users' overall impression and the calibration score they achieved. Conclusions: The use of the developed BCI, that allowed for a purely brain-guided medical image control, yielded promising results, and showed its potential for future intraoperative applications. The major limitation to overcome was noted as the interaction delay.
Demographic and Social Factors associated with HIV discordance among HIV- infected couples in Kaduna State Nigeria.
Authors: Danboyi Daniel Abba
Published: March 2022

Background: Discordance has always been a bane in the efforts to stop the spread of HIV within the population as it creates a gap through which re-infection occurs. Knowing the demographics associated with discordance will help in the fight against HIV AIDS transmission. Objectives: The study was conducted to assess the demographic and social factors associated with HIV discordance among HIV- infected couples.Methods: A total of 158 couples and 317 individuals were recruited for the survey using a stratified sampling technique. A detailed closed-ended questionnaire was administered to them to collect their demographic and social information. A blood test was also carried out to confirm their HIV status.Results: The majority 161(50.8%) of respondents had secondary education while the least 29(9.1%) of them had tertiary education. Most of the 135(42.6%) knew their HIV status by voluntary testing, and most respondents 255(71%) were Christians while only 92(29%) were Muslims. More women 105(66.04%) were HIV positive, and the HIV discordance prevalence for Kaduna State was 0.2%. Social factors such as education, employment, unprotected sex, extramarital affairs, body marks/tattoo, surgery/operation, tribal marks, and blood transfusion did not affect HIV discordance, p-value ˃ 0.05. Other social factors such as remarriage, use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), pre-marital sex, male/female circumcision, and polygamy were found to affect HIV discordance, p-value ˂ 0.05. Conclusions: There is a need to draw the attention of HIV- infected couples to these facts to succeed in the global war against HIV AIDS.
Abnormal Brain Functional and Structural Connectivity Between the Left Supplementary Motor Area and Inferior Frontal Gyrus in Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Hu Junwen , Li Yin , Li Zhaoqing , Chen Jingyin , Cao Yang , Xu Duo , Zheng Leilei , Bai Ruiliang , Wang Lin
Published: March 2022

Background
Disruption of brain functional connectivity has been detected after stroke, but whether it also occurs in moyamoya disease (MMD) is unknown. Impaired functional connectivity is always correlated with abnormal white matter fibers. Herein, we used multimodal imaging techniques to explore the changes in brain functional and structural connectivity in MMD patients.
Methods
We collected structural images, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging for each subject. Cognitive functions of MMD patients were evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Trail Making Test parts A and B (TMT-A/-B). We calculated the functional connectivity for every paired region using 90 regions of interest from the Anatomical Automatic Labeling Atlas and then determined the differences between MMD patients and HCs. We extracted the functional connectivity of paired brain regions with significant differences between the two groups. Correlation analyses were then performed between the functional connectivity and variable cognitive functions. To explore whether the impaired functional connectivity and cognitive performances were attributed to the destruction of white matter fibers, we further analyzed fiber integrity using tractography between paired regions that were correlated with cognition.
Results
There was lower functional connectivity in MMD patients as compared to HCs between the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, between the bilateral supramarginal gyrus, between the left supplementary motor area (SMA) and the left orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFGorb), and between the left SMA and the left middle temporal gyrus (P < 0.01, FDR corrected). The decreased functional connectivity between the left SMA and the left IFGorb was significantly correlated with the MMSE (r = 0.52, P = 0.024), MoCA (r = 0.60, P = 0.006), and TMT-B (r = 0.54, P = 0.048) in MMD patients. White matter fibers were also injured between the SMA and IFGorb in the left hemisphere and were positively correlated with reduced functional connectivity.
Conclusions
Brain functional and structural connectivity between the supplementary motor area and inferior frontal gyrus in the left hemisphere are damaged in MMD. These findings could be useful in the evaluation of disease progression and prognosis of MMD.
Color Transparent Monitor using Nanoparticles with Electrically Tunable Viewing Angle
Authors: Seyyedi M. , Rostami Ali , Mirtagioglu Hamit
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a transparent display with an electrically tunable viewing angle is proposed and numerically simulated. In this work, Si-SiO2 nanoparticles as core-shell geometry in a periodic array are used. The nanoparticles used in this simulation can be designed in such a way that to absorb less at the blue, green, and red wavelengths. These nanoparticles are stacked horizontally. In this article, by applying a certain amount of voltage at different angles to the transparent screen, the user is given the ability to provide the transparent screen so that, by adjusting the viewing angle of the transparent screen, the content on the transparent screen will be hidden from the view of the people next to the user.
Optimization of a Groundwater-Monitoring Network For an Industrial Site by The Combination of MCLP and GAMS Techniques (Case Study: Shazand Oil Refinery, Iran)
Authors: Vaezihir Abdorreza , Qobadian Sanaz , Azimi Reza , Tabarmayeh Mehri
Published: March 2022

In this research, the Maximal Covering Location Problem (MCLP) method was employed to discretize Shazand Refinery Complex in Iran and the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) model was used to optimize boreholes number. In an industrial area like an oil refinery, the contents of storage tanks, leakage history, groundwater flow direction and the facility’s leakage potential can be considered as the weighting factors for the GAMS model. As the fourth refinery of Iran from the production volume value view of point, the Shazand Oil Refinery imposes a high risk of leakage into the underlying aquifer and was chosen for this study to evaluate the applicability of the MCLP and GAMS methods at the refinery field scale. Due to optimization, the initial estimated number of boreholes by the MCLP model for the study area was reduced from 410 to 230. A high density of optimal boreholes was dedicated to the processing unit area and storage yard because of a given priority for these areas that have a history of leakage and those located downgradient of the tanks containing light oil products. The contamination potential map shows that high potential areas correspond with a high density of boreholes located at the north, west and east parts of the refinery site. The network was installed with the drilling of 65 monitoring wells and a round of sampling was carried out. Analysis for oil compounds revealed the aquifer contaminated areas and confirmed the monitoring network efficiency and accuracy of the applied designing method.
Monitoring soil parameters affecting the forest fuel dryness
Authors: Bazarov Aleksandr Vladimirovich , Kurakov Sergey Anatolievich , Bazarova Aryun Sergeevna , Bashkuev Yuri Buddich
Published: March 2022

Background: Soil moisture affects the moisture content of forest fuels and therefore flammability. However, due to the lack of a previously long series of soil moisture data based on observations, previous studies have taken into account fuel and soil moisture by calculating special indices based on meteorological indicators. The growing availability of soil moisture data is now making their inclusion in forest fire risk assessments more feasible. Sources of soil moisture information generally fall into one of three broad categories: in situ measurements, satellite remote sensing, and models. There are no open data on soil moisture measurements, and the soil temperature data series ends in 2013 in Russia.Results: In our work, we present a tool for monitoring soil parameters SMAT-meter. The device is designed for autonomous automatic measurement of soil moisture and temperature, and data transmission to the Recorder Control Center via cellular communication. Power is supplied by a solar panel. SMAT-meter measurements will provide in situ soil moisture and temperature data for forest fire hazard modeling.Conclusions: SMART-meter allows you to organize monitoring of the hydrothermal regime of soils. Weather station data covers the need for atmospheric meteorological data. Copies of the SMAT-meter on various types of soils, organized in a network, in conjunction with weather stations, can provide comprehensive monitoring of the onset of forest fire danger.
The Effect of Nurse Practitioner (NP-led) Care on Health-Related Quality of Life in People with Multiple Sclerosis - A Randomized Trial
Authors: Penelope Smyth , Watson Kaitlyn E. , Hamarneh Yazid N. Al , Tsuyuki Ross T.
Published: March 2022

Background
Care for People with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) is increasingly complex, requiring innovations in care. Canada has high rates of MS; it is challenging for general neurologists to optimally care for PwMS with busy office practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of add-on Nurse Practitioner (NP)-led care for PwMS on depression and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS), compared to usual care (community neurologist, family physician).
Methods
PwMS followed by community neurologists were randomized to add-on NP-led or Usual care for 6 months. Primary outcome was the change in HADS at 3 months. Secondary outcomes were HADS (6 months), EQ5D, MSIF, CAREQOL-MS, at 3 and 6 months, and Consultant Satisfaction Survey (6 months).
Results
We recruited 248 participants; 228 completed the trial (NP-led care arm n = 120, Usual care arm n = 108). There were no significant baseline differences between groups. Study subjects were highly educated (71.05%), working full-time (41.23%), living independently (68.86%), with mean age of 47.32 (11.09), mean EDSS 2.53 (SD 2.06), mean duration since MS diagnosis 12.18 years (SD 8.82) and 85% had relapsing remitting MS. Mean change in HADS depression (3 months) was: -0.41 (SD 2.81) NP-led care group vs 1.11 (2.98) Usual care group p = 0.001, sustained at 6 months; for anxiety, -0.32 (2.73) NP-led care group vs 0.42 (2.82) Usual care group, p = 0.059. Other secondary outcomes were not significantly different. There was no difference in satisfaction of care in the NP-led care arm (63.83 (5.63)) vs Usual care (62.82 (5.45)), p = 0.194).
Conclusion
Add-on NP-led care improved depression compared to usual neurologist care and 3 and 6 months in PwMS, and there was no difference in satisfaction with care. Further research is needed to explore how NPs could enrich care provided for PwMS in healthcare settings.
Trial registration:
retrospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04388592, 14/05/2020)
Optimizing Clinical Outcomes for Endoscopic Lacrimal Duct Recanalization in Patients with Complete PANDO
Authors: Javate Reynaldo
Published: March 2022

Purpose
The study aims to describe modifications and refinements in the technique and technology of Transcanalicular Endoscopic Lacrimal Duct Recanalization (TELDR) based on anatomical foundations to optimize its clinical outcomes in patients with complete Primary Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction (PANDO).
Methods
The medical records of 115 patients who underwent Transcanalicular Endoscopic Lacrimal Duct Recanalization procedures from January 2018 to July 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Of the 115 patients, only those 35 patients with complete PANDO characterized by longstanding epiphora of 5–7 years duration, dense, diffuse fibrous tissue obstruction involving the sac, sac duct junction and the entire length of the nasolacrimal duct were included in the study. Parameters for success were analyzed based on patency on irrigation, functional endoscopic dye test, and improvement of epiphora.
Results
Forty-five cases from 35 patients with complete PANDO were included in the study. The mean length of time from the date of operation to silicone stent removal was 8.1 weeks while the mean length of follow-up starting from the removal of silicone stent to last follow-up was 61.0 weeks. There were 95.6% anatomic patency on canalicular irrigation with saline and 95.6% functional patency based on functional endoscopic dye test. There was significant improvement of epiphora (p-value of < 0.0001) post-operatively.
Conclusion
The results of modified TELDR improved clinical outcomes and could be a definitive treatment in patients with complete PANDO with longstanding, dense, diffuse, fibrous tissue obstruction. Patients who experience reobstruction, may undergo a repeat of the recanalization approach.
Immunization with inactivated whole virus particle influenza virus vaccines induces superior immunity in cynomolgus macaques
Authors: Chua Brendon , Sekiya Toshiki , Koutsakos Marios , Nomura Naoki , Rowntree Louise , Nguyen Thi , McQuilten Hayley , Ohno Marumi , Ohara Yuki , Nishimura Tomohiro , Endo Masafumi , Itoh Yasushi , Habel Jennifer , Selva Kevin , Wheatley Adam , Wines Bruce , Hogarth P. Mark , Kent Stephen , Chung Amy , Jackson David , Brown Lorena , Shingai Masashi , Kedzierska Katherine , Kida Hiroshi
Published: March 2022

Influenza viruses circulate globally, causing seasonal influenza outbreaks. Although antibody-inducing vaccines are the most effective way to combat seasonal infections, current vaccines can have poor efficacy, especially in children and immunocompromised individuals. We investigated the immunogenicity and efficacy of monovalent and quadrivalent formulations of the whole virus particle vaccine (WPV) in comparison to the commonly used split vaccines (SVs) in a non-human primate model. Naïve cynomolgus macaques vaccinated with either monovalent or quadrivalent WPV formulations consistently induced a stronger neutralizing antibody response against vaccine-matched virus strains, while reactogenicity was minimal. In contrast to the modest responses in SV-vaccinated animals, responses in WPV-primed animals were further increased by boosting with either formulation. Using a 28-parameter multiplex bead array to define key antibody features, we found that while both WPV and SV induced elevated IgG responses against A/H1N1 nucleoprotein, only WPV elevated IgG responses against A/H1N1 haemagglutinin (HA) and HA-Stem after each vaccine dose. Higher IgA responses to A/H1N1-HA were also induced after each WPV dose. Antibodies to A/H1N1-HA and HA-Stem that could engage FcγR2a and FcγR3a were present at higher levels after one dose of WPV compared to SV and remained elevated after the second dose. WPV-enhanced antibody responses were associated with higher frequencies of HA-reactive B-cells and IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T-cell responses. Our data suggest that robust antibody responses require WPV to be given as a priming dose but do not depend on the vaccine type used for the second dose. In contrast, antibody responses are not as prominent when SV is given first. Our findings support vaccination regimens using WPV, which may be particularly beneficial for priming immunologically-naïve individuals, such as the young and immunocompromised, and also advantageous in the event of a pandemic outbreak.
Real-world Changes in Injection Frequency and Visual Outcomes Over Time in the Treatment of Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Kim Jae Hui , Kang Kyung Hye , Kim Chul Gu , Kim Jong Woo
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: To evaluate time-dependent changes in injection frequency and visual outcome for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).METHODS: This retrospective study included 667 patients (667 eyes) diagnosed with treatment-naïve neovascular AMD and PCV in 2013 (2013 group), 2015 (2015 group), 2017 (2017 group), and 2019 (2019 group). The number of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections and degrees of changes in visual acuity during the first 24 months after diagnosis were compared among the four time groups.RESULTS: During 24 months, the 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019 groups received means of 5.7 ± 2.7, 6.0 ± 2.8, 6.6 ± 3.0, and 6.9 ± 3.3 injections anti-VEGF injections, respectively. The number of injections was significantly higher in the 2019 group than in the 2013 and 2015 groups (P = 0.003). The mean degree of visual change during the 24 months follow-up period was 0.07 ± 0.55 deterioration in the 2013 group, 0.01 ± 0.51 deterioration in the 2015 group, 0.08 ± 0.50 improvement in the 2017 group, and 0.04 ± 0.48 improvement in the 2019 group. There was a significant difference in the degree of visual changes among the four groups (P = 0.020).CONCLUSION: There was a trend of increasing injection frequency over time and the visual outcome was relatively better in patients diagnosed in the later period. This trend should be considered when predicting the future socioeconomic burden of neovascular AMD and PCV.
In-house Processing of 3-D printable Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) filaments and the effect of Fused Deposition Modelling parameters on 3D Printed PEEK structures
Authors: Challa Bharath Tej , Gummadi Sudeep Kumar , Elhattab Karim , Ahlstrom Jordan , Sikder Prabaha
Published: March 2022

3D printing, specifically Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) of Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK), is one of the most powerful and efficient state-of-the-art manufacturing techniques. However, FDM of PEEK is challenging. Indeed, it is critical to consider specific 3D printing parameters and filament feedstock quality to achieve optimum mechanical properties in the 3D printed PEEK parts. In this paper, we investigate the effect of specific 3D printing parameters such as nozzle and chamber temperature, print speed, and layer height on the mechanical properties of 3D printed PEEK. Moreover, we explore the effect of filament quality on the structures’ mechanical properties. In that regard, we developed PEEK filaments using a customized extruder setup in-house and used those laboratory-developed filaments (LD) to 3D print PEEK structures suitable for mechanical testing (tensile, compression, and flexural testing), and compared them to the mechanical properties of 3D printed parts that were developed using commercially available (CA) filaments. Results indicate that an optimum combination of a nozzle and chamber temperature, print speed, and layer height is appropriate to achieve 3D printed parts with optimum mechanical properties. Notably, results confirmed no significant differences between the specimen groups developed using LD and CA filaments, highlighting that the LD filaments were of comparable quality to the CA ones. The highest mean strengths recorded for the parts printed with the LD filaments were: 106.45 MPa (compressive), 85.43 MPa (tensile), and 102.63 MPa (flexural). This paper confirms that high-quality PEEK-based filaments can be developed in-house to yield 3D printed PEEK parts with optimum mechanical properties.