bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cover Crop Mixture Effects on Maize, Soybean, and Wheat Yield in Rotation
Authors: Hunter Mitchell C. , Schipanski Meagan E. , Burgess Macdonald H. , LaChance James C. , Bradley Brosi A. , Barbercheck Mary E. , Kaye Jason P. , Mortensen David A.
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

Few studies report the effects of cover crop mixtures on crop yields in rotation.

Cover crop C/N ratio was negatively correlated with maize yield.

Multispecies mixtures did not affect maize, soybean, or wheat yields.

Cover crops with high biomass and C/N ratios provide unique ecosystem services.

Both mixtures and diverse rotations may enhance cover crop ecosystem services.

Despite the popularity of multispecies cover crop mixtures, there is little published evidence of their effects on subsequent crop yields, especially for multiple crops grown in rotation. We examined the effects of fall‐planted cover crops—both mixtures and their component monocultures—on subsequent crop yields in an organically managed maize (Zea maysL.)–soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]–winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) rotation in central Pennsylvania. We hypothesized that cover crop biomass C/N ratio would be negatively correlated with crop yields. This held true for maize (R2= 0.134,p< 0.0001), but there was no cover crop effect on soybean or wheat yields. All multispecies mixtures produced high biomass, and none affected maize yield relative to fallow. Our findings suggest that both multispecies cover crops and diverse crop rotations may increase opportunities to gain the benefits of cover crops with high biomass and C/N ratio—such as erosion control, weed suppression, N retention, and soil C accumulation—without compromising yield.
Minimum or No‐Tillage Improves Sugarcane Ratoon Yield on Florida Histosol
Authors: Sandhu Hardev S. , Singh Maninder P. , Vuyyuru Murali
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

Tillering was better in conventional than no‐tillage in plant cane but it was opposite in second ratoon.

Minimum or no‐tillage produced higher sugarcane ratoon yields than conventional tillage in Florida Histosols.

Overall, in a 3‐yr crop cycle, the yields were similar in all three tillage levels.

Tillage effect on yield did not vary with the varieties.

Minimum or no‐tillage reduces soil carbon oxidation in Histosols, however tillage effect on sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) growth and yield are not well understood. To determine the effects of tillage on sugarcane growth and yield, a 3‐yr (plant cane, first ratoon, and second ratoon) field trial was conducted in 2013–2015 with three tillage levels and three varieties (CP 88–1762, CP 89–2143, and CP 00–1101). Tillage levels were conventional tillage, CT (three pre‐planting disc passes and two post‐planting inter‐row cultivations); minimum tillage, MT (two pre‐planting disc passes and one post‐planting inter‐row cultivation); and no‐tillage, NT (no cultivation). Data were collected on Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD), stomatal conductance, tillering, and yield parameters. Our results showed that tillage did not affect SPAD and stomatal conductance. Tillering was better in CT than NT in plant cane but it was opposite in second ratoon. Sugarcane yield (tons of cane per hectare, TCH) and sugar yield (tons of sugar per hectare, TSH) were not significantly different in plant cane, but NT had greater TCH than CT and MT in first ratoon, and both NT and MT had greater TCH and TSH than CT in second ratoon. Tillage effects on yield did not vary with the varieties. Our results showed that NT and MT improved yields in ratoon crops with no significant effect on overall sugarcane yields in a 3‐yr crop cycle in a Florida Histosol. Therefore, tillage may be minimized or eliminated in fallow planting to improve soil sustainability without any sugarcane yield penalty in a Florida Histosol.
Nitrogen Management of Brachytic Dwarf Brown Midrib Forage Sorghum in New York
Authors: Lyons Sarah E. , Ketterings Quirine M. , Godwin Gregory S. , Cherney Debbie J. , Cherney Jerome H. , Meisinger John J. , Kilcer Tom F.
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

Forage sorghum is a viable alternative to corn silage in the northeastern United States.

Brachytic dwarf BMR sorghum can yield nearly 20 Mg DM ha–1 in the Northeast.

Forage sorghum requires approximately 10 kg N per 1 Mg DM for optimum performance.

Forage sorghum following manure or legume histories may not need additional N.

Forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] can be an alternative to corn silage (Zea mays L.) in the northeastern United States due to its drought tolerance and later planting date. Our objective was to determine the most economic rate of N (MERN) for a brachytic dwarf brown midrib (BMR) forage sorghum cultivar based on 13 N‐rate trials in New York from 2013 to 2017. Trials fell into one of three groups based on yield response to N: Group 1, no response (MERN = 0; n = 2); Group 2, no yield plateau (n = 4); and Group 3, yield plateau between the lowest and highest N rates (n = 7). Group 1 dry matter (DM) yields averaged 18.7 Mg DM ha−1 and included trials with manure or legume histories. Trials in Group 2 averaged 17.6 Mg DM ha−1 at the highest N rate with an increase of 38 kg DM per kg of N. Group 3 trial MERNs averaged 203 kg N ha−1 with a yield at the MERN of 19.9 Mg DM ha−1. Nitrogen use efficiency, apparent N recovery, and crude protein at the MERN of the Group 3 trials averaged 46 kg DM kg−1 N, 63%, and 80 g kg−1, respectively. Nitrogen did not greatly influence other nutritive value indicators. We conclude that the MERN of BMR forage sorghum is ∼10 kg N per 1 Mg DM yield. Additional trials are needed to confirm that fields with recent manure or legume histories may not require additional N.
Colloidal Dynamics of Freshly Formed Iron Oxides under the Influence of Silicic Acid
Authors: Dam Than T. N. , Hoang Nhung T. , Nguyen Anh T. N. , Nguyen Huan X. , Nguyen Phuong M. , Nguyen Khai M. , Nguyen Minh N.
Published: March 2019

Silicic acid and soluble Fe are among the most abundant components in acid mine drainage. During the oxidation of Fe(II), the interaction between silicic acid and freshly formed Fe oxides might change the colloidal dynamics, altering surface charge properties. However, the effects of silicic acid on colloidal Fe oxides formed from acid mine drainage are not fully understood. In this work, we examined the colloidal dynamics of freshly formed Fe oxides in synthetic acid mine drainage (prepared from FeSO4 solution) under the effect of silicic acid as a function of changes in pH and ionic strength. The results demonstrate that through adsorption, silicic acid progressively slows oxidation and enhances the dispersion of freshly formed Fe oxides by shifting the surface charge toward more negative values. This effect was most prominent between pH 5 and 9. The current results demonstrate that silicic acid enhances the dispersion and transport of freshly formed Fe oxides and suggest that aggregation‐based techniques for the treatment of Fe‐rich drainage may require further consideration of this effect.

Core Ideas

Silicic acid may occur at a significant concentration in Fe‐rich acid mine drainage.

During the oxidation of Fe, silicic acid can react and modify the Fe oxide surface charge.

By shifting the surface charge to lower levels, silicic acid can favor Fe oxide dispersion.

Silicic acid can thus promote the transport of acid mine drainage‐derived Fe(III) oxides.
Selection of Bread Wheat for Low Grain Cadmium Concentration at the Seedling Stage Using Hydroponics versus Molecular Markers
Authors: Liu Caixia , Guttieri Mary J. , Waters Brian M. , Eskridge Kent M. , Baenziger P. Stephen
Published: March 2019

The excessive accumulation of Cd in harvested crops grown on high‐Cd soils has increased public concerns for food safety. Due to the high consumption of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) per capita, high concentrations of Cd in wheat grain can significantly affect human health. Breeding is a promising way to reduce grain Cd concentration. However, a lack of efficient selection methods impedes breeding for low grain Cd concentration in bread wheat. In this study, a recombinant inbred population segregating for grain Cd concentration was used to assess the efficacy of two selection methods for decreasing grain Cd concentration in bread wheat: a hydroponic selection method used shoot Cd concentration in 2‐wk‐old seedlings growing in Cd‐containing medium, and a marker‐based selection method using markers linked to heavy metal transporting P1B‐ATPase 3 (HMA3), the gene underlying Cdu1. Both methods effectively selected low‐Cd lines. The HMA3‐linked marker‐based selection was superior to hydroponic selection in terms of both simplicity and response to selection. The HMA3‐linked markers explained 20% of the phenotypic variation in grain Cd concentration with an additive effect of 0.014 mg kg−1. The hydroponic selection and marker‐based selection may target two different and independent processes controlling grain Cd accumulation, and they had no effect on grain Zn and Fe concentrations. The ALMT1‐UPS4 marker associated with Al tolerance was not associated with grain Cd concentration but increased grain Zn and Fe concentrations. The 193‐bp allele of the Rht8‐associated marker, GWM261, was associated with increased grain Cd concentration.
Stormwater runoff treatment filtration system and backwashing system
Authors: Lee Junho , Lee Myungjin
Published: March 2019

This study has been carried out to evaluate the applicability of the pilot scale hybrid type of stormwater runoff treatment system for treatment of combined sewer overflow. Also, to determine the optimum operation parameter such as coagulation dosage concentration, effectiveness of coagulant usage, surface loading rate and backwashing conditions. The pilot scale stormwater filtration system (SFS) was installed at the municipal wastewater plant serving the city of Cheongju (CWTP), Korea. CWTP has a capacity of 280,000 m3/day. The SFS consists of a hydrocyclone coagulation/flocculation with polyaluminium chloride silicate (PACS) and an upflow filter to treat combined sewer overflows. There are two modes (without PACS use and with PACS use) of operation for the SFS. In case of no coagulant use, the range of suspended solids (SS) and turbidity removal efficiency were 72.0–86.6% (mean 80.0%) and 30.9–71.1% (mean 49.3%), respectively. And, the recovery rate of filter was 79.2–83.6% (mean 81.2%); the rate of remaining solid loading in filter media was 16.4–20.8% (mean 18.8%) after backwashing. The influent turbidity, SS concentrations were 59.0–90.7 NTU (mean 72.0 NTU), 194.0–320.0mg/L (mean 246.7mg/L), respectively. The range of PACS dosage concentration was 6.0–7.1mg/L (mean 6.7mg/L). The range of SS and turbidity removal efficiency was 84.9–98.2 (mean 91.4%) and 70.7–96.3 (mean 84.0%), respectively. It was found that removal efficiency was enhanced with PACS dosage. The recovery rate of filter was 92.0–92.5% (mean 92.3%) the rate of remaining solid loading in filter media was 6.1–8.2% (mean 7.2%) after backwashing. In the case of coagulant use, the particle size of the effluent is bigger than influent particle size. The results showed that SFS with PACS use more effective than without PACS use in SS and turbidity removal efficiency and recovery rate of filter.
Risk-based automated system for prediction of fire safety in railway facilities
Authors: Pronevich O. B. , Shubinsky I. B.
Published: March 2019

Aim.The development of the Russian railway industry is associated with the growing number of operated buildings, rolling stock, more complex business processes of infrastructure maintenance and client service. In this context, JSC Russian Railways (JSC RZD) needs to manage the fire safety of more than ten thousand units of traction rolling stock and hundreds of buildings, where potential fires may cause harm to passengers or interruption of service. Fire safety management of both fixed and mobile railway facilities is performed at all lifecycle stages from design to disposal. Implementing the processes of fire safety diagnostics and prediction requires the development of a man-machine system whose core would be an automated fire risk control system (ACS) that allows – basedon the fire risk prediction – makingdecisions regarding the requirement for the repairs, replacement or maintenance of railway facilities and fire safety systems. 

Methods.The methods of the automatic control theory, expert assessment were used. The study aimed to develop an algorithm of automated auditing of railway facilities fire safety. 

Results.It is established that the majority fire safety control systems use gas concentration sensors to detect symptoms of hazard before flame development. This approach is hardly effective in terms of fire safety of railway facilities. For railway facilities whose actual state has an effect on the probability of fire a fire audit algorithm was developed that is based on the existing service and repair system, as well as statistical data on the states of railway facilities that precede fire. In order to enable systematic risk management measures in a large number of railway facilities, the paper proposes the structure of an automated fire risks management system that includes a fire safety management center and a mobile hardware and software system for fire safety auditing. 

Conclusions. It shows the importance of developing a proactive fire safety management system based on fire risk assessment. It was identified that information on the states preceding fires in railway facilities can be obtained from both the existing automated failure reporting and risk assessment systems and the diagnostic results of the actual state of objects as part of scheduled preventive maintenance. A method of automated assessment of fire hazard is proposed for systematic management of fire risks in many railway facilities.
Blood Circulating Exosomes Contain Distinguishable Fractions of Free and Cell-Surface-Associated Vesicles
Authors: Tamkovich Svetlana , Tutanov Oleg , Efimenko Anastasia , Grigor'eva Alina , Ryabchikova Elena , Kirushina Natalia , Vlassov Valentin , Tkachuk Vsevolod , Laktionov Pavel
Published: March 2019

Background:

Considering exosomes as intercellular transporters, inevitably interacting with the plasma membrane and the large available surface of blood cells, we wonder if a fraction of circulating exosomes is associated with the surface of blood cells.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to develop an efficient protocol for isolating exosomes associated with the surface of blood cells and to further investigate the characteristics of this fraction in a healthy state and during the development of breast cancer, as well as its possible implication for use in diagnostic applications.

Methods:

Blood samples were collected from Healthy Females (HFs) and breast cancer patients (BCPs). Exosomes extracted from blood plasma and eluted from the surface of blood cells were isolated by ultrafiltration with subsequent ultracentrifugation.

Results:

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), along with immunogold labeling, demonstrated the presence of exosomes among membrane-wrapped extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from both plasma and blood cell eluates. TEM, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and NanoOrange protein quantitation data showed that cell-associated exosomes constituted no less than 2/3 of total blood exosome number. Exosomes, ranging from 50–70 nm in size, prevailed in the blood of breast cancer patients, whereas smaller exosomes (30–50 nm) were mostly observed in the blood of healthy women. Analysis of specific proteins and RNAs in exosomes circulating in blood demonstrated the significant differences in the packing density of the polymers in exosomes of HFs and BCPs. Preliminary data indicated that detection of cancer-specific miRNA (miR-103, miR-191, miR-195) in exosomes associated with the fraction of red blood cells allowed to discriminate HFs and BCPs more precisely compared to cell-free exosomes circulating in plasma.

Conclusion:

Our data provide the basis for using blood cell-associated exosomes for diagnostic applications.
Comprehensive Analysis of Purity and Glycosylation Status of Chinese Marketed Recombinant and Urinary FSHs
Authors: Wang Yanbin , Shen Huan , Jiang Li , Chen Shuo , Chen Ning
Published: March 2019

Background:

Urinary or recombinant Follicle-Stimulating Hormones (uFSH and rhFSH) are
regularly applied in controlled ovarian stimulation procedure of assisted reproductive technology. Specific
activity and purity of these reagents are of great importance since subtle variations in the contents
and glycosylation status of FSH may result in differences in clinical efficacy and safety.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to comprehensively analyze the FSH contents, glycosylation
status and non-specific protein components of the widely used rhFSH Gonal-F and two Chinese marketed
FSHs, r-FSH (JSH) and urinary-derived FSH (LSB).

Methods:

FSH contents, glycosylation status, and other protein contents in these FSH products were
assessed with benchtop assays including SDS-PAGE, HPLC and MALDI-MS.

Results:

HPLC results showed that the purity of the three products was 81.5±0.06% for Gonal-F,
79.6±0.25% for LSB and 76.5±0.36% for JSH, respectively. In addition, MALDI-MS analysis demonstrated
that the Gonal-F contained more types of glycosylated isoforms compared to the local rFSHs.
The analytical assessment showed that the urinary-derived FSH contained several other protein components.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that rhFSH Gonal-F is with high purity and potential high activity.
Simultaneous Determination of Alogliptin and Pioglitazone in Human Plasma by a Novel LC-MS/MS Method
Authors: Praveen Duddukuru Sri Sesha Sai , Asha Syed , Pigili Ravi Kumar
Published: March 2019

Background:

A combination of alogliptin and pioglitazone is well tolerated. It does not increase
the risk of hypoglycemia. In order to study the bioavailability of aloglipitn in the presence of
pioglitazone, it is essential to have a method that can simultaneously detect both in human plasma. A
protein precipitation-based method was used to determine alogliptin and pioglitazone simultaneously in
human plasma. Protein precipitation causes ion suppression or enhancement in detection methods when
compared to other methods.

Objective:

To simultaneously quantify alogliptin and pioglitazone in human plasma by LC-MS/MS
based method.

Methods:

LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of pioglitazone and alogliptin in human
plasma using stable isotope labelled compounds internal standards. The simple and one step solid
phase extraction (SPE) was employed to extract the analytes from plasma. The extracted samples were
separated on a C18 column by using a 25:75 (v/v) mixture of acetonitrile and 5 mM ammonium formate
as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min.

Results:

The calibration curves obtained were linear (r2= 0.99) over the concentration range of 12.0-
2438.0 ng/mL for pioglitazone and 1.0-202.0 ng/mL for alogliptin. The results of the intra- and interday
precision and accuracy studies were found to be within the acceptable limits. The analytes were
stable under different stability conditions. All the validation results were found to be within the acceptable
limits. The total analytical run time was 3.0 min. There was no interference from plasma matrices.

Conclusion:

The developed method is precise and adequately sensitive for detection and quantification
of analytes. Thus, the method can be useful for bioavailability and bioequivalence (BA/BE) studies and
routine therapeutic drug monitoring with the desired precision and accuracy.
Risk Assessment, Screening and Control of Elemental Impurities in Pharmaceutical Drug Products: A Review
Authors: Chawla Rajesh Kumar , Panda Subhranshu , Umasankar Kulandaivelu , Panda Siva Prasad , Damayanthi Dalu
Published: March 2019

This article describes and reviews the steps involved in risk assessment of the twenty-four (24) potential
elemental impurities in pharmaceutical drug products, as per the permitted daily exposure limits. Screening
and estimation of prescribed elemental impurities in pharmaceutical drug substances, inactive excipients
and drug products by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry or inductively coupled plasma optical
emission spectrometry and their controls involved are also reviewed, as referred in the general chapters <232>
& <233> of the United States Pharmacopoeia, Q3D guideline for elemental impurities as per international conference
on harmonization and q3d elemental impurities: guidance for industry as per U. S., Food and Drug Administration
USFDA.
4t-CHQ a Spiro-Quinazolinone Benzenesulfonamide Derivative Induces G0/G1 Cell Cycle arrest and Triggers Apoptosis Through Down-Regulation of Survivin and Bcl2 in the Leukemia Stem-Like KG1-a Cells
Authors: Rahimian Arezoo , Mahdavi Majid , Rahbarghazi Reza , Charoudeh Hojjatollah N.
Published: March 2019

Objective:

Many experiments have revealed the anti-tumor activity of spiro-quinazolinone derivatives on different cell types. Exposing KG1-a cells to N-(4- tert- butyl- 4'- oxo- 1'H- spiro [cyclohexane- 1, 2'- quinazoline]- 3'(4'H)- yl)- 4- methyl benzenesulfonamide (4t-CHQ), as an active sub-component of spiroquinazolinone benzenesulfonamides, the experiment investigated the possible mechanisms that manifest the role of 4t-CHQ in leukemic KG1-a progenitor cells. Mechanistically, the inhibitory effects of 4t-CHQ on KG1-a cells emerge from its modulating function on the expression of Bax/Bcl2 and survinin proteins.

Methods:

Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay. The IC50 value of cells was calculated to be 131.3μM, after 72h-incubation with 4t-CHQ, ranging from 10 to 150μM. Apoptotic changes were studied using Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide (AO/EB) staining. DNA fragmentation was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis method. To evaluate the percentage of apoptotic cells and cell growth dynamic apoptotic features, we performed Annexin V/PI double staining assay and cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry.

Results:

According to the results, apoptosis induction was initiated by 4t-CHQ in the KG1-a cells (at IC50 value). Cell dynamic analysis revealed that the cell cycle at the G1 phase was arrested after treatment with 4t- CHQ. Western blotting analysis showed enhancement in the expression ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, while the expression of survinin protein decreased in a time-dependent manner in the KG1-a cells. According to the docking simulation data, the effectiveness of 4t-CHQ on KG1-a cells commenced by its reactions with the functional domain of BH3 and Bcl2 and BIR domains of survivin protein.

Conclusion:

These results demonstrate a remarkable role of 4t- CHQ in arresting leukemia KG1-a stem cells both by induction of apoptosis as well as by down-regulating survivin and Bcl2 proteins.
The Associations between Central Nervous System Diseases and Haemostatic Disorders
Authors: Podsiedlik Maria , Markowicz-Piasecka Magdalena , Mikiciuk-Olasik Elżbieta , Sikora Joanna
Published: March 2019

The aim of this review was to examine the relationship between the occurrence of central
nervous system (CNS) diseases, the medicines used in their treatment and the blood coagulation process.
The paper mainly focuses on the effects of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs. Special attention
has been paid to the influence of drugs on platelets, the vascular endothelium, plasma coagulation
and fibrinolysis, regarding coagulation.
Review of the Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Valeriana officinalis
Authors: Al-Attraqchi Omar Husham Ahmed , Deb Pran Kishore , Al-Attraqchi Noor Husham Ahmed
Published: March 2019

The extracts of Valeriana officinalis (V. officinalis) are among the most widely used herbal medications worldwide. The roots of this medicinal plant have been shown to be rich in a diverse set of phytochemicals that are biologically active. Various classes of chemical compounds are present in the roots of V. officinalis including, terpenes valepotriates and lignans. The high amount of bioactive chemical components in the extracts of this plant gives it potential medicinal applications in different pathological conditions such as sleep disorders, cardiovascular diseases, anxiety and depression. The most common medicinal use of V. officinalis extract is for the treatment of insomnia and improving the quality of sleep. Mild sedative effects of the extract, as well as the absence of any significant side effects, make it a popular alternative to the synthetic sedative drugs which are usually associated with undesirable adverse effects. In this review, the bioactive chemical components of V. officinalis and their pharmacological activities are highlighted. Also, the medicinal applications of valerian (V. officinalis) extracts and the possible mechanisms of action for the activities are discussed.
Audiobook pembelajaran mata kuliah literatur berdasarkan perspektif behavioral untuk meningkatkan pemahaman bahasa Jerman
Authors: Desriana Barbara , Budiningsih C. Asri
Published: March 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: menghasilkan audiobook pada mata kuliah Literatur, mendapatkan kelayakan audiobook yang dihasilkan pada mata kuliah Literatur, dan mengetahui keefektifan media audiobook terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa prodi pendidikan bahasa Jerman semester 5 di Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Metode penelitian yang dikembangkan pada produk ini adalah Penelitian dan Pengembangan (R&D) dengan menggunakan pendekatan Borg and Gall yang meliputi penelitian dan pengumpulan data, perencanaan, pengembangan desain produk, uji coba lapangan awal, revisi produk, uji lapangan utama, revisi uji coba lapangan, uji lapangan, revisi akhir dan desiminasi dan implementasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa produk media audiobook pembelajaran Literatur yang dihasilkan adalah layak dan efektif digunakan sebagai media suplemen dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Kelayakan produk ini didukung berdasarkan penilaian dari ahli materi dengan perolehan rata-rata sebesar 4,38 dan ahli media dengan rata-rata sebesar 3,8. Keefektifan penggunaan media suplemen audiobook dibuktikan dengan peningkatan hasil belajar mahasiswa dari rata-rata 52,87 menjadi 74,48. Kata kunci: Media Audiobook, behavioral, bahasa Jerman LITERATURE LEARNING AUDIOBOOK BASED ON BEHAVORIAL PERSPECTIVE TO ELEVATE GERMAN LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDINGAbstractThe objectives of this researh are to: create Literature Audiobook, get the appropriateness of Literature Audiobook, and  the effectiveness of Audiobook to the result of students of German Diploma Programme in State University of Yogyakarta. The Research method that was used in this product is Research and Development (R&D) with Borg and Gall approach that consists of research information collecting, planning, developing preliminary form of product, preliminary field testing, main product revision, main field testing, operational product revision, operational field testing, final product revision, and dissemination and implementation. The results of the research showed that Audiobook Literature learning product is worthy and effective to be used as supplement of learning media. The worthiness of this product supported by assessment result is conducted by matter expert(s) indicate a score that is approximately 4.38 and media expert(s) to product quality with score indicate approximately 3.8. The effectiveness of audiobook media supplement is proven by the increase of student’s score from approximately 52.87 to become 74.48.Keywords: Audiobook media, behavioral, German
Analisis Penggunaan Alat Mesin Pertanian Berbasis Traktor Tangan pada Kegiatan Perawatan Budidaya Tebu
Authors: Purwantoro Deddy , Dianpratiwi Trikuntari , Markumningsih Sri
Published: March 2019

Java contributes 63.7% of national sugar production, in which 55.6% is produced by the farmer from 312,973 ha of sugarcane area (65.6% of Indonesia’s cane crop area). Farm labor in Java was very limited in the past two decades, so was needed mechanization. Howeveer, the size of agricultural machines were not accordance with the size of land, the limited of spares, and was not optimally managed. This research aimed to calculate operational cost of farm machinery (hand tractor) on the cane cultivation activities up to 6-month cane growth period. This study was carried out at Comal, Center of Java at alluvial land 8 mdpl and at Pasuruan, East Java at alluvial 10 mdpl. From each location, 2 plots of 0.1 ha were observed. The treatments were manual and machine cultivation with 3 replications. The observed agrotechnical parameters were the bud emergence, number of stalk, clump, stalk height and diameter, and operational cost of using machinery. The agrotechnical result using t-test (95% confidence rate) showed no significance among treatments. Other results revealed that using machinery for fertilizing, soil heaping up, and soil moving (gulud) in Pasuruan can substitute manual daily worker (HOK) for 6 HOK, 12 HOK and 20 HOK, respectively, using tractor by 7 hours/day. Meanwhile in Comal, using machinery for fertilizing, soil heaping up, and soil hilling up (gulud) can substitute manual daily worker (HOK) for 9 HOK, 16 HOK, and 20 HOK, respectively. The cost analysis indicated the 35.54% reduction of using machinery compared to the manual expense. This study revealed that the machinery could substitute the manual worker for cane cultivation.
Metabolomic Investigation of Tenderness and Aging Response in Beef Longissimus Steaks
Authors: King D. Andy , Shackelford Steven D. , Broeckling Corey D. , Prenni Jessica E. , Belk Keith E. , Wheeler Tommy L.
Published: March 2019

A study was conducted to identify molecular changes reflective of beef tenderness variation and tenderization during postmortem aging. Carcasses (U.S. Select) were selected to represent extremes in tenderness (n = 20; 10 per class). Two pairs of adjacent longissimus lumborum steaks from each strip loin were blocked by location and assigned to each aging time (2, 7, 14, or 28 d postmortem). One steak from each pair was designated for slice shear force determination and the other was used for sarcomere length, western blotting for desmin, and non-targeted LC- and GC–MS metabolite profiling. Tough steaks had higher (P < 0.001) slice shear force values than tender steaks, and increasing aging time decreased (P < 0.001) slice shear force values. Tender steaks had a greater (P < 10–4) proportion of desmin degraded than tough steaks, and increasing aging time increased (P < 10–22) desmin degradation in steaks from both classes. From 2,562 profiled metabolites, 102 metabolites were included in the final analysis after statistical screening. Twenty-eight metabolites could be annotated and loosely categorized into amino acids/peptides (n = 16), metabolism intermediates (n = 7), glycosides (n = 4), and fatty acids and phospholipids (n = 3). Amino acids were primarily associated with desmin degradation. Increased glucose levels were strongly associated to the tender classification and moderately associated to increased proteolysis, while increased glucose-6-phosphate was strongly related to the tender class but was related to decreased proteolysis. Increased malic acid was strongly associated to the tough classification, increased slice shear force, and decreased proteolysis. Increased levels of 3-phosphoglyceric acid and glycerol-3-phosphate was moderately associated with increased slice shear force and decreased proteolysis. These data indicate that accumulation of amino acids during aging is strongly related to postmortem proteolysis and may provide evidence of the fate of proteins degraded postmortem. Measures of glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, and malic acid concentrations may provide a metabolic fingerprint indicative of tenderness differences in beef longissimus.
Influence of Production Practice Information on Consumer Eating Quality Ratings of Beef Top Loin Steaks
Authors: Ron O. S. , Garmyn A. J. , O’Quinn T. G. , Brooks J. C. , Miller M. F.
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify if consumers’ palatability scores of beef top loin steaks were affected by disclosing production practices or brands related to each product. Strip loins were selected to represent 5 treatments: Grain-Fed Natural (Natural), Certified Angus Beef (CAB), Local Grass Fed (Grass), USDA Select (Conventional), and USDA Certified Organic (Organic). Two separate experiments were conducted (n = 120/experiment). In Experiment 1 and 2, panelists received the 5 treatment samples in a standard blind testing format in segment 1 (S1). In the second segment (S2) of Experiment 1, short descriptions were read aloud to participants before receiving each of their 5 samples, but all samples were actually USDA Select (false disclosure). In the second segment of Experiment 2, treatment descriptions were provided that matched the 5 treatments samples (true disclosure). When consumers evaluated samples in S1, they rated the Natural and CAB samples more tender and juicier (P < 0.05) than the other 3 treatments, and Organic was the least tender. Flavor and overall liking were greater (P < 0.05) for Natural and CAB steaks, while Conventional was intermediate, and flavor and overall liking were lowest for Grass and Organic (P < 0.05). When consumers received Select samples representing the 5 treatments, false disclosure decreased tenderness and juiciness of Natural, increased flavor liking of CAB, and increased tenderness, flavor liking, and overall liking of Organic (P < 0.05). True treatment disclosure increased flavor liking and overall liking of CAB and Grass, increased overall liking of Natural, and decreased juiciness of Conventional (P < 0.05). These results indicate consumers’ perception of eating quality can be influenced by quality differentiated brand names and labeling claims, particularly claims related to production practices.
Style-Shifting in Vlogging: An Acoustic Analysis of “YouTube Voice”
Authors: Lee Sarah
Published: March 2019

This article demonstrates evidence of context-related style-shifting on YouTube. This was achieved by comparing the vowels of vlogger Phil Lester in multiple contexts (a solo vlog, collaborative vlog, gaming video, and live video). A mixed-model regression found significant differences between the more scripted solo vlog context and the less scripted gaming and live videos: in the former, Lester’s FOOT/STRUT merger was reduced, and in the latter he showed considerable variability in his employment of the TRAP/BATH split. It is argued that this results from greater attention paid to level aspects of his Northern accent for an international audience.
Trade liberalization and firm-level productivity: A panel data analysis of the Indian iron-steel industry
Authors: Mangla Sanjay
Published: March 2019

The iron-steel industry in India contributes about 3% of gross domestic
product and provides employment for more than half a million people.
However, although steel production in India has increased at a trend growth
rate of 7.83% during the post-reform period between 1991-1992 and 2012-2013,
this does not necessarily indicate efficient utilization of production
factors, as it can also result from a higher level of inputs. Therefore, it
is important to record productivity growth and identify its determinants.
This study estimates total factor productivity (from firm-level data) in the
Indian iron-steel industry and examines the impact of trade liberalization
(measured as decline in input tariffs, output tariffs, and effective
protection rate) on productivity during the abovementioned period.
PENERAPAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERBANTU MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN BERPIKIR KRITIS KELAS 4 SD
Authors: Susilowati Rini
Published: March 2019

This type of research  is a class action research. The purpose of this research enhances students ' critical thinking ability by application of Problem Based Learning with  Audio Visual Media. Data were collected by using a sheet of observation and evaluation tests. The average percentage of critical thinking ability of students overall observation sheet on precyae 13.8% increase in cycle cycle I 69% and increased again in cycle II 96.5%. And the overall percentage on the test results the evaluation cycle I 44.8% increase in cycle II 96.6%. Thus the results showed that the application of problem based learning with audio visual media is able to enhance the critical thinking ability of students.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN THINK PAIR SHARE BERBANTUAN POWER POINT TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPA
Authors: Citra Wibawa I Made
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar IPA yang signifikan antara siswa yang mengikuti model pembelajaran think pair share berbantuan power point dan siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran konvensional. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu dengan rancangan post test only control design. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas V di SD Gugus I Kecamatan Kubutambahan tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Sampel pada penelitian ini ialah SD Negeri 1 Bukti yang berjumlah 20 siswa dan SD Negeri 8 Kubutambahan yang berjumlah 21 siswa. Data hasil belajar IPA siswa dikumpulkan dengan instrumen tes berbentuk pilihan ganda.  Data yang telah dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial uji-t dengan rumus polled varians. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar IPA yang signifikan antara yang mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran think pair share berbantuan power point dan siswa yang mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional. Temuan yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini ialah, kegiatan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model think pair share berbantuan power point dapat membuat siswa menjadi lebih tertarik dan menjadi lebih aktif dalam mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TEAM GAMES TOURNAMENT (TGT) BERBANTUAN MEDIA PERMAINAN ULAR TANGGA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA
Authors: Dewiyanti Ni Kd
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Team Games Tournament (TGT) berbantuan media permainan ular tangga terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas IV SD gugus VIII Mengwi, Badung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan kelompok Non-ekuivalen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas IV di SD Gugus VIII Mengwi, Badung yang berjumlah 243 siswa. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 60 siswa yang ditentukan menggunakan teknik random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah metode tes. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji-t dengan rumus polled varians. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan analisis data, diperoleh harga thitung = 4,10> ttabel = 2,000  dengan taraf signifikan 5% dan dk = 58, maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan hasil belajar matematika antara kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol pada kelas IV SD Gugus VIII Mengwi, Badung. Nilai rata-rata juga menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar matematika yang diperoleh siswa kelompok eskperimen  = 79,35 >  = 72,85 siswa kelompok kontrol. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Team Games Tournament (TGT) berbantuan media permainan ular tangga terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas IV SD gugus VIII Mengwi, Badung.
Penerapan Penilaian Diri untuk Meningkatkan Efikasi Diri Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Matematika
Authors: Auliya Jihan , Mahayukti Gusti Ayu , Gita I Nyoman
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) peningkatan efikasi diri siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika, dan (2) tanggapan siswa terhadap penerapan strategi penilaian diri. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI TKJ 1 SMK Negeri 3 Singaraja sebanyak 27 orang siswa pada semester genap Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018. Data efikasi diri siswa dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner efikasi diri, dan tanggapan siswa dikumpulkan menggunakan angket tanggapan siswa. Data yang telah terkumpul selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata skor efikasi diri siswa mengalami peningkatan sebesar 8,53 dari 77,07 pada siklus I menjadi 85,6 pada siklus II, dan sebesar 2,9 dari 85,6 pada siklus II menjadi 88,5 pada siklus III, serta rata-rata skor tanggapan siswa telah berada dalam kategori sangat positif. Peningkatan efikasi diri siswa terjadi karena guru lebih menekankan pada: (1) memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk dapat melakukan penilaian diri yang sangat efektif bagi siswa, (2) pemberian bimbingan dan motivasi kepada siswa agar semakin percaya diri dalam pembelajaran matematika.
PENGGUNAAN MODEL GROUP TO GROUP EXCHANGE (GGE) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN COMUNICATING SISWA KELAS 4 SD
Authors: Wati Aulia Rahma
Published: March 2019

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan comunicating siswa melalui penerapan model pembelajaran Group To Group Exchange (GGE). Teknik pengumpulan data untuk mengukur kemampuan comunicating siswa menggunakan angket. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan skor rata-rata kemampuan comunicating pra siklus sebesar 20.36. Pada siklus I mengalami peningkatan menjadi 59.31 dan pada siklus II 75.28. Dengan demikian hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan kemampuan comunicating siswa melalui penerapan model pembelajaran GGE. Besarnya peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II sebesar 27%.Kata kunci: Group To Group Exchange (GGE), Kemampuan Comunicating
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENT BERBANTU MEDIA ULAR TANGGA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN COLLABORATIVE SISWA SD
Authors: Febriana Stefani Galih
Published: March 2019

Permasalahan yang terdapat dalam proses pembelajaran Matematika kelas 5 di SD Negeri Salatiga 02 adalah keterampilan Collaborative siswa masih rendah dan berdampak pada rendahnya hasil belajar siswa. Pada studi awal menemukan bahwa 76% siswa tingkat keterampilan Collborativenya masih rendah. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka peneliti melakukan penelitian mengunakan metode  penelitian tindakan kelas dengan model Teams Games Tournament berbantu media ular tangga. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen pengumpulan data angket untuk mengukur keterampilan Collaborative siswa. Hasil penelitian, menunjukkan belum terjadi peningkatan keterampilan Collaborative kategori tinggi pada siklus I. Setelah diperbaiki dan dilakukan pengukuran dalam siklus II, terjadi  peningkatan keterampilan Collaborative sebesar 13,4%. Berdasarkan uraian di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa penelitian ini berhasil karena model Teams Games Tournament berbantu media ular tangga dapat meningkatkan keterampilan Collaborative pada siklus II. There are problems in the process of learning Mathematics grade 5 in SD Negeri Salatiga 02 Collaborative skills is still low and the students have an impact on the low results of student learning. On preliminary study found that 76% of students Collborativenya skill level is still low. Based on these problems then the researchers conducting research using research methods a class act with a model of its Teams Games Tournament berbantu snake media ladder. This research uses data collection instruments for measuring the skills now Collaborative students. Results of the study, suggesting an increase in skills yet Collaborative category i. cycle high Once repaired and carried out measurements in cycle II, an increase in Collaborative skills of 13.4%. Based on the above description it can be concluded that this model works because research Teams Games Tournament ladder snake media berbantu can improve the skills of the Collaborative cycle II.
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STUDENT TEAM ARCHIEVEMEN DIVISION (STAD) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR TATA HIDANG
Authors: Laksemiwati Ni Luh Astrini
Published: March 2019

Tujuan dari diadakannya penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar tata hidang siswa kelas XI A3 SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017 melalui implementasi model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Student Team Achievemen Division. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Subjek yang dipilih dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI A3 SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja tahun pelajaran 2016/2017 yang berjumlah 38 orang. Sedangkan objek penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran tata hidang. Data motivasi belajar siswa dikumpulkan dengan angket/kuesioner, sedangkan data hasil  belajar siswa dikumpulkan dengan tes. Analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data deskriptif. Berdasarkan analisis data yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Student Team Achievemen Division (STAD) dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar Tata Hidang siswa kelas XI A3 SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Kata kunci: model pembelajaran STAD, motivasi belajar, hasil belajar siswa
Pengaruh Genetik dan Lingkungan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Sengon (Falcataria molucanna) Ras Lahan Jawa
Authors: Susanto Mudji , Baskorowati Liliana
Published: March 2019

Tegakan sengon (Falcataria molucanna) ras lahan Jawa dibangun di  Bali dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman pertumbuhan yang disebabkan oleh faktor lingkungan dan genetik pada umur 1-3 tahun. Tegakan sengon tersebut dibangunsebagai uji keturunan dengan rancangan Baris Kolom Incomplete Block Design (IBD). Tegakan sengon tersebut menguji 25 famili half-sib dengan single plot. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman pertumbuhan yang disebabkanoleh faktor genetik (aditif ) maupun faktor lingkungan berubah-ubah setiap tahun. Pada tahun pertama ragam aditif mempunyai peranan 3,38% untuk tinggi pohon dan 0,67% untuk diameter batang; pada tahun kedua ragam aditif sebesar3,40% untuk tinggi pohon dan 3,05% untuk diameter batang; dan pada tahun ketiga ragam aditif sebesar 3,90% untuk tinggi pohon dan 7,00% untuk diameter batang. Sedangkan sisanya mulai tahun pertama sampai ketiga pertumbuhandipengaruhi oleh ragam lingkungan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pertumbuhan tanaman sengon ras lahan Jawa mayoritas dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan, sehingga disarankan tanaman sengon ras lahan Jawa harusmenggunakan sitim silvikultur yang tepat yang dapat mempercepat pertumbuhan tanaman sengon.
Kualitas Gel Pembersih Tangan (Handsanitizer) dari Ekstrak Batang Pisang dengan Penambahan Alkohol, Triklosan dan Gliserin yang Berbeda Dosisnya
Authors: Asngad Aminah , R Aprilia Bagas , Nopitasari Nopitasari
Published: March 2019

Antiseptik atau hand sanitizer bila digunakan terus menerus dapat berbahaya dan mengakibatkan iritasi hingga menimbulkan rasa terbakar pada kulit. Karena menggunakan  alkohol dan triklosan yang merupakan bahan kimia. Salah satu  upaya untuk mengurangi   alkohol dan triklosan, maka dilakukan inovasi produk antiseptik handsanitizer dengan menggunakan ekstrak batang tanaman pisang yang mengandung senyawa antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untukmengetahui  untuk mengetahui kualitas  handsanitizer dalam bentuk gel berbahan batang pisang dengan penambahan alkohol, triklosan dan gliserin yang berbeda dosisnya. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorim Prodi Pendidikan Biologi FKIPUMS, metode penelitian eksperimen. Rancangan penelitian acak lengkap dengan 2 faktor perlakuan  yaitu: Faktor 1 Perbandingan konsentrasi alkohol dan triklosan yakni  = 2 ml : 1,75 g;  = 1 ml : 1,5 g. Faktor 2 Volume Gliserin   = 4 ml; = 3 ml;  = 2 ml. Analisis yang digunakan deskriptif kualitatif untuk Uji daya hambat bakteri dan untuk Uji Viskositas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Pada perlakuan  dan  paling efektif membunuh bakteri dibandingkan perlakuan yang lainnya.viskositas tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuandengan hasil uji viskositas sebesar 1250 cps. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diambil simpulan ada perbedaan kualitas handsanitizer dalam bentuk gel berbahan batang pisang dengan penambahanalkohol, triklosan dan gliserin yang berbeda dosisnya.