bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of food safety and cold chain knowledge of logistics students
Authors: Yıkmış Seydi , Aksu Harun , Demirkol Fırat , Alpaslan Mehmet
Published: August 2018

This study was planned and conducted in order to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of university students in the logistics department reading about the food safety and cold chain. The study was conducted on 165 university students (59 girls, 106 boys) who are logistics associate degree students. In the collection of the data, 7 information questionnaire and 20 item attitude scale questionnaires were prepared to determine students' demographic characteristics, food safety, and cold chain knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. The obtained data were evaluated with SPSS 20.0 program using frequency (f), percent (%), t-test and one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) method. It has been determined that students have not received any prior training in the marking of "Have you been trained in Food Safety, Hygiene-Sanitation, Nutrition and Health before?" 146 students (88.5%) answered no to the question " Do you find your information on food safety satisfactory " Statistically significant differences were found in the cold chain information group that the students had given the numbers 1, 6, 7 according to their gender (p <0.05). When the average scores of the infectious disease group were examined, it was determined that they participated in all statements in general. It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the responses of the students to the expression 1 and 20 in the cold chain of information group according to their gender (p <0.05). It has been concluded that students are not sufficient in food safety and cold chain knowledge. It has been found that most of the students want to be trained by specialists in the field of the field. Lessons in the curriculum have resulted in food safety and cold chain related compulsory courses, or elective courses that will benefit students to be equipped on a sectoral basis after graduation.
The importance of genotoxicity tests in new drug development process
Genotoksisite testlerinin yeni ilaç geliştirme sürecindeki önemi
Authors: Şen Selen , Beceren Ayfer , Aksoy Hüseyin
Published: August 2018

In the preclinic investigation period at the beginning of the drug development process, it is an obligation to subject candidate drugs to genotoxicty investigations. Genotoxicty data of drugs that are developed with these tests are demanded as a part of the security evaluation process by regulatory authorities in various countries. The demand of these laboring and costly data by regulatory authorities of various countries in different standards prevents potential candidate drugs from being marketed, interrupts the drug development process and causes unnecessary utilization of experimental materials in researches. Therefore, nowadays,  it is generally accepted that the researches aimed at achieving these data are implemented with standardized approaches in the guidelines of international harmonisation organizations such as ICH (International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use) and OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development). In this review, it is aimed to provide current information about the various genotoxicity tests which are used commonly in the drug development process, in accordance with ICH, OECD guidelines and literature. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.Özetİlaç geliştirme sürecinin başlangıcındaki preklinik araştırma döneminde, aday ilaçların genotoksisite testlerinden geçirilmesi bir zorunluluktur. Bu testlerle elde edilen genotoksisite verileri, çeşitli ülkelerdeki düzenleyici otoriteler tarafından güvenlilik değerlendirme sürecinin bir parçası olarak istenmektedir. Elde edilmesi oldukça zahmetli ve maliyetli olan bu bilgilerin, farklı ülkelerin düzenleyici otoriteleri tarafından değişik standartlarda istenmesi, potansiyel ilaç adaylarının pazarlamasını engellemekte, ilaç geliştirme sürecini kesintiye uğratmakta ve araştırmalarda gereksiz yere deney materyali kullanımına neden olmaktadır. Bu bakımdan, günümüzde bu bilgileri elde etmeyi amaçlayan araştırmaların, ICH (İnsanda Kullanılan İlaçların Ruhsatlandırılması İçin Teknik Gerekliliklerin Uyumlandırılması Uluslararası Birliği) ve OECD (Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü) gibi uluslararası harmonizasyon örgütlerinin kılavuzlarında standardize edilen yaklaşımlarla uygulanması genel kabul görmektedir. Bu derlemede, ilaç geliştirme sürecinde kullanılan genotoksisite testlerine ilişkin, ICH, OECD kılavuzları ve literatür ışığında güncel bilgiler verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Perbandingan Karakter Ekologi OPT (Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman) Dan Musuh Alaminya Pada Masa Tanam Yang Berbeda Di Sawah Organik Dan Anorganik
Authors: Hadi Mochamad
Published: August 2018

Kualitas dan kuantitas tanaman padi sebagai produsen dalam jaring makanan akan mengundang hadirnya serangga herbivore sebagai konsumen pertama. Hadirnya serangga herbivore atau sering disebut OPT (Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman) di ekosistem sawah akan mengganggu produktivitas tanaman padi. Namun demikian hadirnya OPT di ekosistem sawah juga akan mengundang serangga musuh alaminya sebagai konsumen tingkat kedua, baik predator maupun parasitoiid, yang akan mengontrol keberadaan OPT. Pertanian organik adalah manajemen pertanian yang meniadakan  penggunaan bahan kimia sintetik sebagai sarana produksi, baik berupa pupuk maupun pestisida. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana karakter  ekologi serangga OPT dan musuh alaminya pada masa tanam yang berbeda yaitu padi dan palawija pada sawah organik dan anorganik. Karakter ekologi dianalisis dengan jumlah jenis, jumlah individu, indeks keragaman (H’), kelimpahan (Di) dan kemerataan (e). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum karakter ekologi OPT dan musuh alami di dua masa tanam yang berbeda hampir sama, baik di sawah organik maupun anorganik. Jumlah jenis maupun jumlah individu OPT dan musuh alaminya di sawah organik maupun anorganik pada dua masa tanam yang berbeda juga menunjukkan hasil yang hampir sama. Keragaman dan kemerataan persebaran OPT dan musuh alaminya juga tidak berbeda pada kedua masa tanam yang berbeda. Namun demikian pada kedua masa tanam menunjukkan perbedaan dalam jenis OPT maupun musuh alaminya yang hadir, namun antara sawah organik dengan sawah anorganik tidak menunjukkan perbedaan.            Kata kunci :  OPT, musuh alami, masa tanam, sawah organik dan sawah anorganik.
Pengaruh Suhu Pengeringan Terhadap Kadar Air, Kadar Flavonoid dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Daun dan Umbi Rumput Teki (Cyperus rotundus L.)
Authors: Syafrida Mulia , Darmanti Sri , Izzati Munifatul
Published: August 2018

Jatibarang Reservoir is a dam built in Talun Kacang village, Kandri, Gunung Pati, Semarang t with the aim of Water Resources Management and flood control in Semarang City. The presence of Zooplankton in a waters has a close relationship with water quality and its interaction in the environment.The research aimed to find out the distribution and diversity of Zooplankton species in Jatibarang reservoir waters. The method used is Purposive Random Sampling method by dividing the sampling point into 4 research stations, namely Dermaga zone, middle zone, inlet zone, and outlet zone. From the result of this research, we get the type of zooplankton Brachionus sp., Cylops sp., Collotecha sp., Conochilus sp., Daphnia sp., Harringia sp., Rotaria sp., Keratella sp. and species from the Asphlanchnidae (Asphlanchinii) and Trichotriidae Family. The species diversity in Jatibarang reservoirs in each zone is low with abundance between 30-80 ind / L and the equalization and dominance of each low species. The dominant species is Brachionus sp. and Cyclops sp.  Water quality measurement results show the waters of Jatibarang reservoir is good for the life of aquatic biota Keywords: Zooplankton, Jatibarang Reservoir, Diversity.
Struktur Komunitas Makrobentos Pada Kawasan Budidaya dan Non Budidaya Di Pulau Tembelas, Kabupaten Karimun Kepuluan Riau
Authors: Prahmawaty Raden Faradhiva , Putro Sapto Punomo
Published: August 2018

The macrobenthos community structure of living organisms in aquatic base, can function as a bioindicator of changes in aquatic environments, are sensitive to any disturbance of environmental changes within a waters. This research aims to determine the effect of different structures of macrobenthos communities in the cultivation environment and noncultivation environment. The research was conducted for 4 months on Tembelas island in 2 areas that were monoculture cultivation and reference area. Abiotic data obtained were substrate grain analysis and total organic analysis of carbon and nitrogen, as well as abiotic environmental parameters such as temperature, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen. The biotic data obtained in the form of macrobenthos species that were found and the amount in the area was then calculated using non parametric index that were the level of diversity, eveness and abundance, and T test. The identification result showed the number of species found as many as 24 species in the monoculture location and 42 species at the reference location. Dominant species found in monoculture locations were Costoanachis sp and Anodontia sp. dominant species found in the reference sites were Nuculana sp and Ellobium sp. Shannon-Wiener (H') diversity index value at monoculture location was 2,43, while reference index value index had bigger index value 2,83. The abiotic quality of monoculture and reference aquatic environments was categorized as good. Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that reference environment had better macrobenthos diversity value than monoculture environment. Keywords: Makrobenthos, Monoculture, Reference Environment
Utilization of Ficus benjamina by Birds at Urban Habitat in Depok
Authors: Pradana Dimas Haryo , Mardiastuti Ani , Yasman Y
Published: August 2018

Most of the research about the relationship of birds and figs were conducted at natural habitat. We conducted a research about this relationship at urban habitat in Depok and specifically studied utilization of Ficus benjamina by birds as feeding and nesting tree.  The objective of our research was to describe the F. benjamina utilization by urban birds in Depok.  Scans sampling and nest counting were used during this study.  Our research shows that F. benjamina was used as feeding tree by most of birds which lives at urban habitat in Depok.  Our research also shows that some birds used this fig species as nesting tree.    Key Words : birds, Ficus benjamina, urban, Java
Synthesis of Zeolite from Bagasse and Rice Husk Ashes as Surfactant Builder on Detergency Process: Variation of NaOH Concentration for Silica Isolation
Authors: Arnelli Arnelli , Fathoni Bara Yunianto , Prastyo Teguh Iman , Suseno Ahmad , Astuti Yayuk
Published: August 2018

Zeolite was successfully synthesised from ash bagasse and from rice husk ash as source of silica and applied to surfactant builder. The removal of silica from bagasse ash and from rice husk ash was influenced by NaOH concentration to obtain sodium silicate. This research aimed to synthesize zeolite, determine the optimum concentration of NaOH to synthetic zeolite, identify the zeolite mineral type, morphology, determine cation exchange rate and detergency by using synthesized zeolite as builder. Synthesis of zeolite was undertaken by sol-gel method followed by hydrothermal process. The stages of this study included the production of bagasse and rice husk ashes, isolation of silicate using a variation of NaOH concentration of 1.67, 3.33, 5.00, 6.67 and 8.30 M in the form of sodium silicate. Synthesis of zeolite was carried out by reacting sodium silicate and sodium aluminate using hydrothermal method. The synthesized zeolites were characterized using XRD and SEM. The results of this research indicated the types of zeolite minerals formed, namely, zeolite A, Na-A, Na-Y and sodalite. The morphology of the synthesized zeolites from both samples was quite homogeneous, NaOH concentration used to produce zeolite from bagasse ash was 1.67 M with value of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and detergency were respectively 121.14 mek/100 gram and 92.09% while synthesis zeolite from rice husk ash was generated using 8.3 M NaOH concentration with value of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and detergency were 65,71 mek / 100 gram and 94,313%, respectively.
Silica Magnetite Adsorbent: Effect of Drying Temperature of Silica Sol Gel on Magnetite Core Structure
Authors: Azmiyawati Choiril , Sawitri Endang , Siahaan Parsaoran
Published: August 2018

Recently, magnetite was investigated as water purification adsorbent because it’s unique magnetic properties that improved the adsorption efficiency through desorption process. But magnetite oxidized into maghemite/hematite with the increase of temperature. This transformation should be avoided to maintain the magnetic properties of magnetite. In this research magnetite separated from iron sand by magnetic extraction then coated with silica via sol gel method. The effect of drying temperature in sol gel had change the magnetite core structure into maghemite and found no formation of hematite at 350⁰C. Silica coating proved had protected magnetite from transformation into hematite due to drying temperature until 350⁰C .
ANALISA TEKNIS DAN EKONOMIS PEMILIHAN MANAJEMEN AIR BALLAS PADA KAPAL (SHIP BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT) DI INDONESIA
Authors: Arif Mohammad Sholikhan , Kurniawati Hesty Anita , Misbah M. Nurul
Published: August 2018

Peraturan yang mengatur dan manajemen dari air ballas dikeluarkan oleh IMO (International Maritime Organization) melalui konvensi Manajemen air ballas. Konvensi tersebut menyatakan bahwa organisme yang berbahaya terhadap lingkungan, kesehatan manusia, properti atau sumber daya merusak keanekaragaman hayati atau mengganggu pemanfaatan terhadap suatu area jika dilepaskan di air laut. Pemerintah Republik Indonesia mengeluarkan Peraturan Presiden No. 132 tahun 2015 mengenai pengesahan Konvensi internasional untuk pengendalian dan manajemen air ballas dan sedimen dari kapal 2004 (The  International Convention for the control and management of ships ballast water and sediment’s 2004). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa sejauh mana kesiapan Indonesia dalam ratifikasi peraturan (come into force) Ballast water Management serta dampak yang diakibatkan setelah peraturan tersebut diratifikasi. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan 3 pendekatan yaitu dari aspek hukum, aspek teknis dan aspek ekonomis. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 21 Tahun 2010 tentang Perlindungan Lingkungan Maritim sebagai jabaran dari Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2008 tentang Pelayaran, telah sejalan dengan Konvensi Internasional untuk Pengendalian dan Manajemen Air Ballas dan Sedimen dari Kapal, 2004 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 1985 tentang pengesahan United Nations Convention on the LAW of the Sea (UNCLOS). Serta Penggunaan sistem manajemen air ballas untuk kapal di perairan Indonesia lebih efektif dan efisien menggunakan filtration + electrolysis
Understanding online business simulation games: the role of flow experience, perceived enjoyment and personal innovativeness
Authors: Matute-Vallejo Jorge , Melero-Polo Iguácel
Published: August 2018

This study aimed to empirically predict the degree of acceptance of an online business simulation game in an educational context. To do so, this study proposed an extended technology acceptance model that includes variables such as perceived enjoyment and flow. In addition, the moderating role of students’ personal innovativeness in the technology field was analysed. The framework was empirically tested applying partial least squares to a sample of 266 students. Results reveal that perceived enjoyment is a key variable in explaining students’ perceived ease of use, usefulness and attitudes towards the simulation. Perceived ease of use is not significantly related to flow experience. However, this relationship is moderated by personal innovativeness. Indeed, results indicate that the higher the students’ personal innovativeness, the more attenuated the effect of perceived ease of use on the attitude towards the game and on flow experience. The study offers relevant insights for the pedagogical use of competitive digital technologies in university contexts.
From the History of the Library of Bohuslav Dušek
Authors: Tvrzníková Jana
Published: August 2018

The article works with sources concerning the history of the library of Bohuslav Dušek (1886–1957), a bank clerk and a collector of books and art. Dušek built his library, comprising more than 3,000 volumes, from the beginning of the 20th century. Despite changing state regimes, he kept it until his death. His second wife, Hermína Dušková (1910–2012), organised the library and donated it in 1977 to the National Museum Library. The personal archival collection of Bohuslav Dušek, deposited in the National Museum Archives, provides as-yet unpublished information on the development of the library and its owners as well as on the process of the handover of this unique collection to the National Museum Library.
A numerical analysis of heat transfer in a cross-current heat exchanger with controlled and newly designed air flows
Authors: Żukowski Witold , Migas Przemysław , Gwadera Monika , Larwa Barbara , Kandafer Stanisław
Published: August 2018

Simulations of heat transfer between air and flue gases in a plate heat exchanger are presented. The device was designed for the heating of the air supplying a fluidised furnace for the combustion of wet sludge and wood crumbs. The locations of inlets and outlets and the geometry of the heat exchanger are determined by the construction of the furnace. The aim of the simulations was to increase effectiveness of heat transfer through the use of flow redirections with additional baffles placed in the air chamber. The results of the simulations showed that a substantial part of the heat exchanger without baffles is not used effectively. On the basis of a velocity profile, a temperature distribution and a wall heat flux, the geometry of the inter-plate space within the air chamber was modified by adding baffles. The unmodified exchangers had 77% efficiency in comparison to counter-current exchangers with the same heat transfer area. After the application of baffles, the efficiency increased to 83-91% depending on the construction used (one, two or three baffles). The best model variant of the exchanger with baffles led to the increase in the temperature of air supplying the fluidised bed by approximately 76 K in relation to the system without baffles . Unexpectedly, the presented modifications of the geometry of the system had very low influence of the flow resistance in the air chamber. The value of Δp for the system without baffles is almost the same as for the best model variant.
Improvement of fuel properties of biodiesel with bioadditive ethyl levulinate
Authors: Unlu Derya , Boz Nezahat , Ilgen Oguzhan , Hilmioglu Nilufer
Published: August 2018

Biodiesel has poor cold flow properties due to their high saturated fatty acid content. Ethyl levulinate is used as bio-based cold flow improver additive in biodiesel. In this work, both ethyl levulinate and biodiesel were synthesized in the laboratory. Ethyl levulinate was added to the biodiesel at different rates, i.e, 5, 10, 15, 20 (vol %). The effect of ethyl levulinate addition on density, kinematic viscosity, acid value, cloud point and pour point was determined and compared to the EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 specification. Consequently, ethyl levulinate appears acceptable as a cold flow improver for biodiesel fuel.
Calculating the Degree-based Topological Indices of Dendrimers
Authors: Kang Shin Min , Zahid Manzoor Ahmad , Virk Abaid ur Rehamn , Nazeer Waqas , Gao Wei
Published: August 2018

Topological indices capture the symmetry of molecular structures and provide a mathematical language to predict properties such as boiling points, viscosity, the radius of gyrations etc. [1]. We compute some newly developed topological indices of Porphyrin, Propyl Ether Imine, Zinc-Porphyrin and Poly(EThyleneAmidoAmine) Dendrimers. The results are plotted using Maple 2015 software to see the dependence on the involved structural parameters.
Efficient optimization and mineralization of UV absorbers: A comparative investigation with Fenton and UV/H2O2
Authors: Sahar Anum , Ali Shaukat , Hussain Tanveer , Jahan Nazish , Zia Muhammad Anjum
Published: August 2018

UV absorbers developed for finishing of textile materials play a significant role in protection against UV radiations but their discharge in wastewater during processing and laundry action also retain serious concern to living species due to their recalcitrant nature. The current study examined the mineralization and degradation of two vinylsulfone and nitrogen (N-) containing UV absorber compounds (1a, 2a) via two effective Fenton and UV/H2O2 oxidation. The results showed that both the Fenton and UV/H2O2 processes mineralized the synthesized UV absorbers effectively; however the mineralization process with Fenton oxidation was more effective than the UV/H2O2. The mineralization of synthesized UV absorbers was affected by process parameters (dosage of Fe2+ and H2O2 pH and reaction time). Under attained optimum conditions of Fenton oxidation, dose of Fe2+ (15 mg/L), H2O2 (500 mg/L), pH (3.0) and contact time (120 minutes), 75.43 and 77.54% of Chemical Oxygen Demand removal was achieved for 1a and 2a, respectively. Whereas, the optimum conditions of UV/H2O2 process were H2O2 (700 mg/L), pH(3.0) and irradiation time (200 minutes) that brought 54.33 and 57.65% COD removal in case of 1a and 2a, respectively. The results indicated that the Fenton oxidation can be successfully employed for the mineralization of triazine based UV absorbers.
Adsorption and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water through the aggregation of graphene oxide
Authors: Han Bingjun , Li Ya , Qian Bing , He Yan , Peng Lixu , Yu Huamei
Published: August 2018

In this study, a simple method was developed for the aggregation of graphene oxide (GO) with the addition of NaCl to concentrate and separate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from water samples, and this method was used as a environmentally friendly method for the determination of PAHs. We demonstrate the uniform dispersion of GO sheets in aqueous samples for the fast high-efficiency adsorption of PAHs. Aggregation occurred immediately upon elimination of electrostatic repulsion by adding NaCl to neutralize the excessive negative charges on the surfaces of the GO sheets. The aggregates of GO and PAHs were separated and treated with hexane to form a slurry. The slurry was filtered and subjected to gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. Based on a 40-mL sample volume, limits of detection of 10–30 ng L-1 were obtained for 16 PAHs, with correlation coefficients (R2) exceeding 0.99. The method yielded good recovery, ranging from 80 to 111% and 80 to 107% for real spiked water samples at 100 and 500 ng L-1, respectively. Compared to traditional solid-phase extraction and liquid–liquid extraction methods, this method is free of organic reagents in the pretreatment procedure and uses only 1 mL hexane for sample introduction.
Ad hoc categorization in Russian and multifunctional general extenders
Authors: Benigni Valentina
Published: August 2018

Russian, as well as many other languages, displays a wide number of strategies to name non-lexicalized categories, that is, categories which have a conceptual reality, but are not encoded as single lexical items (e.g.fruit, furniture) or set phrases (e.g.equipment for sport, food for dog). One way to address this lack of lexical means is to provide one or more concrete exemplars of the intended category, in an attempt to capture the superordinate non-lexicalized concept. This paper aims to provide an overview of the different generalizing means used in Russian for the online construction of exemplar-driven categories, and, at the same time, to explore the interplay between discourse-resources (e.g. exemplification, listing and reformulation) and system-resources (e.g. collective affixation, co-compounding and discourse markers) in the process of categorization. Particular attention will be focused on the description of schematic general extenders, that is, partially lexicalized syntactic patterns, realizing the different extending, generalizing and similative functions of general extenders. The last part of the paper is devoted to a discussion of the processes of grammaticalization and pragmaticalization of the general extenderi vse takoe‘and so on’ (lit. ‘and all such’). The form is interesting because of its discursive multifunctionality.
Cummingtonite-bearing volcanic rocks: first evidence in the Central Slovak Volcanic Field
Authors: Šarinová Katarína , Rybár Samuel
Published: August 2018

Within the framework of reinterpretation of the depositional evolution of the Komjatice depression, presence of cummingtonite in weakly lithified sediment has been detected. The sediment is formed by volcanic lithoclasts and phenocrysts with a small admixture of non-volcanic grains. The different mineral composition and various degrees of alteration of volcanic lithoclasts, together with structural features point to epiclastic origin. Therefore, the studied samples can be described as volcanic paraconglomerate and sandstone. The cummingtonite is found in rusty coloured volcanic lithoclasts and in the heavy fraction. Cummingtonite-bearing volcanic rocks have not been described so far from the Slovak Neogene volcanic fields. Therefore its presence in the studied samples represents the first indication of such volcanic rock in Slovakia. The aim of the article is to invoke interest for finding these volcanic rocks in situ.
Depositional environment and petroleum potential of Oligocene rocks in the Waschberg Zone (Austria)
Authors: Pupp Magdalena , Bechtel Achim , Gratzer Reinhard , Heinrich Maria , Kozak Sharadiya , Lipiarski Piotr , Sachsenhofer Reinhard F.
Published: August 2018

Oligocene successions in the North Alpine Foreland Basin (NAFB) and the Western Carpathians reflect Paratethys-wide paleogeographic changes, which also control their petroleum potential. Whereas these rocks have been studied in detail in both areas, the transition zone is still under-researched. In order to fill this gap, the Oligocene succession in the Waschberg Zone, comprising the Ottenthal Formation (NP21–23) and the overlying Thomasl Formation (NP23–24) has been studied using outcrop (Waldweg section) and borehole samples (Thomasl, Poysdorf) and a multidisciplinary approach. The Ottenthal Formation is subdivided from base to top into marls and shales (Ottenthal Mbr.), diatomaceous shales (Galgenberg Mbr.) and marlstones (Dynow Mbr.). Biogenic silica contents, determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy, reach 30 wt. % in the carbonate-free Galgenberg Member, but also in the Dynow Members, which is characterized by upward decreasing productivity of calcareous nannoplankton. Close lithological relations exist with the Oligocene succession in the NAFB, but diatoms are largely missing in the latter. Organic matter contents are surprisingly low in the Ottenthal and Thomasl formations in the Waldweg section, which therefore are poor hydrocarbon source rocks. In contrast, the Thomasl Formation, encountered in the Thomasl and Poysdorf boreholes, holds a fair to good hydrocarbon potential (~ 2.2–2.5 wt. % TOC; type III and type II kerogen) and may generate 1.0 to 1.6 tons of hydrocarbons/m2. Obviously TOC contents of borehole samples are significantly higher than in outcrop samples. Because of severe indications of weathering (e.g., presence of gypsum and jarosite), a detrimental effect of weathering on the samples from the Waldweg section cannot be excluded. Biomarker data suggest a nearshore depositional environment with changing oxygen-availability and salinity. Vitrinite reflectance measurements show that the investigated sections are thermally immature.
Adaptive Algorithm for Distribution Transformer Protection to Improve Smart Grid Stability
Authors: Patel D. D. , Chothani Nilesh , Mistry K. D. , Tailor Dhaval
Published: August 2018

Due to the presence of Distribution Generation (DG), power system becomes more complicated and stability of power is the main challenging task. Saturation of Current Transformer (CT) imposes great dilemma on differential relaying scheme. This manuscript presents a new differential algorithm for distribution transformer protection which adaptively set its characteristic in the event of CT saturation. The proposed scheme is capable to detect magnetizing inrush condition, high resistance internal fault and discriminate external fault with CT saturation. The validation of the proposed scheme is done by simulating a part of the power system in PSCADTM software and programming in MATLAB software. A Full Cycle Discrete Fourier Transform (FCDFT) is implemented to validate the differential protective scheme for 15 MVA, 66/11 kV distribution transformer. An adaptive concept of the differential characteristic is employed in the algorithm to maintain the stability of relay during external fault with CT saturation. Validation and authenticity of the proposed technique are carried out with various test condition generated under wide variation in system parameters. The result on 2 kVA, 230/110 V, single phase transformer shows that the proposed scheme is capable to discriminate inrush, internal and external fault also with CT saturation conditions.
Condition evaluation of steel X65 in one of the sections of “Soyuz” gas main after long-term operation
Authors: Maruschak P. , Bishchak R. , Maruschak O. , Draganovská D. , Pylypenko A.
Published: August 2018

The basic regularities in deformation and fracture of pipe steel X65 are revealed by testing specimens from the pipe fragment cut during the repair of the “Soyuz” gas main after 30 years of operation. It is shown that the pipe steel slightly changes its properties when the gas main is operated under the influence of working stresses and environmental factors. Structural degradation and micro-defects accumulated in the pipe wall were scattered, indicating that the material retains sufficient plasticity that allows it to resist fracture processes and the nucleation of macrocracks.
Soft computing model for analysing the effect of friction stir processing parameters on the intergranular corrosion susceptibility of aluminium alloy AA5083
Authors: Vignesh R. Vaira , Padmanaban R. , K. Chinnaraj
Published: August 2018

Aluminium alloy AA5083 is prone to intergranular corrosion in marine environments. In an attempt to reduce the intergranular corrosion, AA5083 was subjected to friction stir processing (FSP). The FSP experimental trials were conducted as per face-centered central composite design with three levels of variation in FSP process parameters viz. tool rotation speed (TRS), tool traverse speed (TTS) and tool shoulder diameter (SD). Intergranular corrosion susceptibility of the processed specimens was assessed by performing nitric acid mass loss test. The mass loss of the specimens was correlated with the intergranular corrosion susceptibility as per the standard ASTM G67-13. The experimental results indicate that FSP had significantly reduced the intergranular corrosion susceptibility of the AA5083 alloy. Soft computing techniques namely Artificial Neural Network, Mamdani Fuzzy system, and Sugeno Fuzzy system were used to predict the intergranular corrosion (IGC) susceptibility (mass loss) of the friction stir processed specimens. Among the developed models, Sugeno fuzzy system displayed minimum percentage error in prediction. So Sugeno fuzzy system was used to analyze the effect of friction stir processing process parameters on the IGC of the processed specimens. The results suggest that stir processing of AA5083 at a TRS of 1300 rpm, TTS of 60 mm/min and SD of 21 mm would make the alloy least susceptible to intergranular corrosion.
Enumeration of small Wilf classes avoiding 1324 and two other 4-letter patterns
Authors: Callan David , Mansour Toufik
Published: August 2018

Recently, it has been determined that there are 242 Wilf classes of triples of 4-letter permutation patterns by showing that there are 32 non-singleton Wilf classes. Moreover, the generating function for each triple lying in a non-singleton Wilf class has been explicitly determined. In this paper, toward the goal of enumerating avoiders for the singleton Wilf classes, we obtain the generating function for all but one of the triples containing 1324. (The exceptional triple is conjectured to be intractable.) Our methods are both combinatorial and analytic, including generating trees, recurrence relations, and decompositions by left-right maxima. Sometimes this leads to an algebraic equation for the generating function, sometimes to a functional equation or a multi-index recurrence amenable to the kernel method.
Soil corrosivity and aquifer protective capacity of overburden units in Ado-Ekiti, southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Oyedele A.A. , Olayanju G.M. , Talabi A.O. , Ogunyebi S.N. , Ojo O.F.
Published: August 2018

Vertical electrical sounding, well inventory and physicochemical analysis were conducted to evaluate soil corrosivity and aquifer protective capacity of overburden units in the basement complex terrain of Ado-Ekiti, southwestern Nigeria. The topsoil is composed of slightly corrosive materials at the eastern, southern and northeastern flanks and the central portion with resistivity values ranging from 60 to 180 Ωm. Moderately corrosive/slightly corrosive materials (with resistivity values of 10 < ρ < 60 Ωm) constitute the second layer around the eastern, southern and north-eastern flanks. Pockets of areas in the northwestern, southeastern, eastern and central parts of the metropolis are practically non-corrosive with resistivity values in excess of 200 Ωm. Zones of good, moderate, weak and poor overburden protective capacity were delineated, with longitudinal conductance (S) values of 0.7 < S < 4.9, 0.2 < S < 0.69, 0.1 < S < 0.19 and S < 0.1 mhos, respectively. On a regional consideration, 23.31%, 18.80% and 57.9% of the study area is characterised by overburden materials of poor, weak and moderate protective capacity, respectively. Only 6.02% of the area indicates good overburden protective capacity.
Was beeinflusst Sportaktivität und korporales Kapital im Alter – Bildung, Einkommen oder soziale Ressourcen? Ein individuelles und institutionelles Meditationsmodell
Authors: Vollmer Johannes , Kaufmann Laura , Gieß-Stüber Petra
Published: August 2018

Insbesondere im Alter prägen Determinanten sozialer Ungleichheit das sportliche Handeln sowie die körperliche Verfassung und somit das korporale Kapital von Individuen. Von wesentlicher Bedeutung sind dabei die vertikalen Determinanten sozialer Ungleichheit wie kulturelles, soziales und ökonomisches Kapital. Ziel der Studie war es, direkte und indirekte Beziehungen zwischen den Kapitalarten und sportlichem Handeln zu untersuchen. Die Zusammenhänge wurden auf Basis einer Befragung von N = 320 Personen (M = 60.04 Jahre) mittels eines Mediationsmodells überprüft. Der Zusammenhang zwischen dem kulturellen und dem korporalen Kapital wurde darin vollständig durch das soziale Kapital und die Sportaktivität vermittelt. Implikationen für die Rolle des sozialen Kapitals in der Entstehung von sozialer Ungleichheit werden diskutiert.
Das Reichsvolksschulgesetz und seine Auswirkungen auf die Mädchenbildung. Ein Schritt zur Gleichstellung der Geschlechter in österreichischen Grundschulen?
Authors: Hechenblaikner Nina
Published: August 2018

The following paper deals with the question how the Reichsvolksschulgesetz influenced and changed the Austrian primary school system. Therefore, parts of the law are analysed on their purpose and on how they were implemented. This paper also examines the influences that this law had on educational opportunities for girls. It will be shown that an equality of genders has not been the purpose of the Reichsvolksschulgesetz.
For My People
Authors: Luckett Robert E.
Published: August 2018

When Margaret Walker founded the Institute for the Study of the History, Life, and Culture of Black People in 1968, she stood at the forefront of a nascent Black studies movement. At the time, she had served on the faculty at Jackson State College since 1949. In both a racist and a sexist society, she used her scholarship and art as vehicles for activism. Today, the Margaret Walker Center, named for its founder, continues to lift up her legacy as a museum and special collections archive dedicated to Black experience in America.
Afro-Latinidad in the Smithsonian’s African American Museum Spaces
Authors: Curtis Ariana A.
Published: August 2018

The nearly fifty-year gap between the establishment of Smithsonian’s Anacostia Community Museum (ACM) and the National Museum of African American History and Culture (NMAAHC) created a difference in the museums’ central narratives about Blackness and the inclusion of Afro-Latinidad. The Anacostia emerged in 1967 as part of the Black museum movement. It has historically framed Blackness as DC-based African Americanness with periodic inclusion of Afro-Latinidad. The first object in the collection of the NMAAHC is from Ecuador, signaling an inclusive representation of Black identities that foundationally includes Afro-Latinidad.
Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės valdžios elito teisinės sąmonės raida XVI amžiaus viduryje (1529−1566 metais)
Authors: Vaitkus Tomas
Published: August 2018

[article in Lithuanian; only abstract and key words in English]

Codification processes in The Grand Duchy of Lithuania during the 16th century show a rapid transformation of judicial awareness. In this case, the shift of the judicial awareness of the governing elite was caused by few conditions that distinguished this sociopolitical stratum from the estate of nobles. First, members of the governing elite were judges and consumers of the judicial system, while the rest of the nobility were just consumers; this caused a formation of a binary relation with the law. Second, the higher political and social-economical position provided advantages in a judicial process and supported a hierarchical approach to the courts of law, which could cause judicial nihilism in the perception of law and justice. Third, members of the governing elite represented different political groups, had different political, social and economic potential, had become members of this group through different means; these and other individual experiences had eclecticized the legal awareness. These conditions generated a symbiosis of archaic and new judicial ideas, which formed a qualitatively new perception of law, justice and the judicial.
Modernaus miesto plėtra: socioekologinės koncepcijos ir jų recepcija analizuojant 1870–1914 metų Vilniaus miesto struktūrą
Authors: Žiemelis Darius , Ambrulevičiūtė Aelita
Published: August 2018

[article in Lithuanian; abstract and key words in English]\

The aim of this article is to study the socioecological structure of Vilnius during 1870–1914 with the help of ideas derived from the analysis of modern urban development of the Chicago School of Sociology. The rapid industrialization period (mid-19th to early 20th centuries), characterized by an intensive development of modern cities in the Western world (especially in the US) and analyzed by American sociologists (R. Park, E. Burgess, R. D. McKenzie, L. Wirth), is relevant to Lithuanian historians. The cities of Lithuania that belonged to the Russian Empire during the period under investigation also experienced modernization, industrialization and urbanization processes related to it. In Vilnius, as much in the other metropolises of the Russian Empire, these processes were most intense. This article begins with the concepts of modern urban structure in the research of the representatives of the Chicago School of Sociology. We later, in the second part of the paper, present E. Burgess’s Ring-Theory of City Development, which analyzes modern urban development and is here applied to the analysis of the socioecological structure of Vilnius. The novelty of the research can be seen in the selected city ecology approach. The data in the archives and the historiography about the growing population of Vilnius, the increasing degree of specialization among the residents, the growing competition for influence and limited space, as well as residential differences, are analyzed as interrelated elements of the urban ecosystem from the perspective of E. Burgess’s theory. The study showed that between 1870 and 1914, the city’s socioecological structure clearly identifies the first (the central business district) and the second (zone of transition, area of the unqualified working class) in terms of concentrated urban zones. However, it is difficult to draw a clear line between the third (area for the working class), fourth (residential zone) and fifth (commuter zone) zones.
Migrantų diskurso formavimas istoriniais pasakojimais Lietuvos naujienų portaluose 2015 metais
Authors: Popovaitė Virginija
Published: August 2018

[article in Lithuanian; abstract and key words in English]

In the year 2015 Europe was facing what appeared to be the worst migration crisis since World War II. Its coverage in Lithuanian media has spurred different voices to reach out for the audience: the country was facing the New Other, with whom there were no shared memories or experiences. Certain historic narratives and their motifs were invoked into discussion in order to embrace certain attitudes or actions while trying to comprehend the ongoing crisis: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania, World War II and Soviet Occupation. 

The two-staged research was done in order to reveal how historical narratives were used to comprehend the possible newcomers and project outcomes of positioning migrants. 7 major news portals were used as a source of research, chosen by its importance or audience reach on national and regional levels with key words “pabėgėlis” (refugee), “migrantas” (migrant), “nelegalas” (illegal person), “bėglys” (fugitive), “atbėgėlis” (arrival). At the first stage, trending discourses and keywords were revealed, while during the 2nd the usage of historical narratives while positioning the newcomers was analysed. Data is divided according to historic moments that were used. Matrices of positioning self-other, attributing the agency and the outcome with possible suggestion of what to expect from the Others and how to comprehend them were drawn.

Results revealed that the multicultural GDL narrative was used for distancing and traumatic WWII and Soviet occupation narrations were the ones to bring migrants closer for a momentary lapse. Variety of historical passages highlights the ongoing struggle of creating the face of the New other. Narrations are done in homogenic manner instead of charging stories with ethnically diverse experiences, resulting in not giving migrants an historical time.
Energy Levels of Isobaric Nuclei (16N, 16F) within the Modified Surface Delta-Interaction Model
Authors: Hameed D. N. , Hasan A. K.
Published: August 2018

The modified surface delta-interaction model is applied to calculate the energy levels of 16N and 16F) nuclei. The good agreement between theoretical and experimental data is attained for excitation energies. This indicates that the shell model describes properly the structure of these nuclei.
Atomic Momentum Diffusion in the Field of Counter-Propagating Stochastic Light Waves
Authors: Romanenko V. I. , Udovytska O. G. , Khodakovsky V. M. , Yatsenko L. P.
Published: August 2018

The momentum diffusion of atoms in the field of two counter-propagating stochastic waves, one of which reproduces the other one with a certain time delay, has been studied. It is shown that the parameters of atom-field interaction, at which the light pressure force is maximum, correspond to the increasing momentum diffusion coefficient. In the case of high-intensity field described by the stochastic field model, the momentum diffusion coefficient was found to be proportional to the square root of the field autocorrelation time. The wave function describing the inner state of atoms is modeled, by using the Monte-Carlo method. Numerical calculations are carried out for cesium atoms.
Optimal Regularities of the Normal Distribution for Estimating the Sample Statistics of the Results of a Physical Experiment
Authors: Kosobutskyy P.
Published: August 2018

Basic probabilistic principles for the formation of the normal distribution for random fluctuations of physical quantities under the action of independent random factors on the physical system have been formulated. The emphasis is made on the integrated approach to the probabilistic statistical analysis of a sample of experimental results.
Anomalous Light Scattering in Aqueous KCl Solutions
Authors: Chechko V. Ye. , Gotsulsky V. Ya.
Published: August 2018

Molecular light scattering in dilute aqueous potassium chloride solutions has been studied. Anomalous (additional) molecular scattering of light is experimentally detected in the concentration interval from 0.001 to 0.004 mole fractions of the electrolyte. The obtained data are compared with the literature data on light scattering in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions of potassium chloride. The absence of additional scattering in the previous works was substantiated.
In Memory of Mykola Grygorovych Nakhodkin (1925–2018)
Authors: Anisimov I. O.
Published: August 2018

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Caracterización de material arcilloso obtenido del río Guaviare, vereda de La Paz, Colombia
Authors: Landinez David , Calvo Martha , Cardenas Carolina
Published: August 2018

Las arcillas son la materia prima principal en la elaboración de elementos cerámicos en Colombia, las cuales son parte de la tradición, cultura y sustento de muchas familias del país. La arcilla en este trabajo caracterizada es proveniente de |un tramo del rio Guaviare localizado en la región del Guaviare (Colombia). Se realizó una caracterización fisicoquímica haciendo uso de la técnica de separación mecánica y de técnicas de difracción de rayos X (DRX), fluorescencia de rayos X (FRX) y microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). Se concluyó que el material caracterizado está compuesto principalmente de Silicio (50 %) y Aluminio (20 %) con impurezas de Hierro, Magnesio y Titanio. Por sus componentes esta arcilla podría ser utilizada como material de cerámica para construcción. Se desea que los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo permitan identificar futuros uso para este material.