bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF MILLING TIME AND PERCENTAGE OF DISPERSING AGENT ON THE CHARACTERISTIC OF SOLVENT-BASED BLACK PAINT FROM CARBON BLACK PIGMENT
Authors: Ratnawati Ratnawati , Noveriarto Joko , Handayani Aniek S , Purwaningsih Is S , Hendrawan Iyus
Published: September 2021

THE EFFECT OF MILLING TIME AND PERCENTAGE OF DISPERSING AGENT ON THE CHARACTERISTIC OF SOLVENT-BASED BLACK PAINT FROM CARBON BLACK PIGMEN. The need for black paint made from carbon black pigment increasing year by year especially in the automotive world. The production of black paint is performed by milling the resin, pigment, additive/dispersing agent, and solvent. In the manufacturing process, it takes a relatively long time with precise dispersing agent composition toward pigment to get the product with blackness/solid black according to the expected quality. This work aims to study the role of the milling time of carbon black fw 200 beads on a 3 liter ball mill and the percentage of dispersing agents on paint color quality, especially blackness. The variations in milling time were 36, 48, and 60 hours and the weight percentage of dispersing agent toward pigment were 80%, 100%, and 120%. The optimum results obtained are at the milling time of 48 hours and on the percentage of dispersing agent of 120% with the product characteristics fulfills the requirement namely: 10 μm of particle fineness, 111.5 krebs unit of viscosity, 36.97% of solid content, 0.9839 gr/cc of specific gravity with desirable solid black color.
EFFECT OF TREATMENT SOLUTION ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND MICROHARDNESS OF TERNARY Ni-Al-Nb ALLOY DOPED WITH TITANIUM
Authors: Nugraha Hikmat , Ambardi Pradoto , Prajitno Djoko Hadi
Published: September 2021

EFFECT OF TREATMENT SOLUTION ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND MICROHARDNES OF TERNARY Ni-Al-Nb ALLOY DOPED WITH TITANIUM. Nickel-based superalloys have been widely used in various applications, which require high strength at high temperatures. Most types of these superalloys is age-hardenable because they have γ’ particles' chemical composition Ni3(Al, Ti) in γ’-phase matrix. This research will be used alloy Ni-Al-Nb added alloying elements Ti. This research was conducted to study the mechanical properties, microstructure conditions in some alloys Ni-Al-Nb added distinction Titanium element (0,5% and 1% Ti) using the method of aging temperature variation performed at a temperature of 650 °C,700 °C and 750 °C with a holding time 4 hours and air cooling. Tests were conducted to determine the characterization of the specimen includes testing metallographic optical microscope, Rockwell hardness C and SEM- EDS,XRD. Results obtained from this research that addition of titanium element affecting the hardness values as well as the results of the cast, solution treatment and aging process results. The 1% Titanium content can affect the gamma prime coarsening and make the grain on the microstructure result smooth.
THE EFFECT OF REVERSE FLOTATION METHOD ON SILICA SAND AS WATERPROOFING MORTAR
Authors: Prastuti Okky Putri , Septianingrum Ayu Tri , Fatmala Elisya Dianty , Anggarini Ufafa , Susanto Tri Eddy , Milangsari Nuvixca Dewi
Published: September 2021

THE EFFECT OF REVERSE FLOTATION METHOD ON SILICA SAND AS WATERPROOFING MORTAR. Waterproof fabrication mortar cement by silica sand using reverse flotation silica (RFS) method was evaluated by waterproof absorption coefficient, compressive strength test, attractive test, and contact angle. RFS is used to replace waterproof agent and aggregate mortar to reduce cost. The aims of this experiment are to know the RFS process, the ratio between waterproof mortar cement with RFS and mortar, to determine performance and characteristic waterproof mortar cement. Methods used are prepared RFS, mortar cement fabrication, and testing (compressive strength, tensile strength, permeability, contact angle, XRF, FTIR, SEM, BET). Variable used are ratio cement/silica sand, concentrations of CaCl2, curing time, oleic acid, and sodium oleate addition. Optimum collector addition is obtained by oleic acid with compress strength 167.65 kg/cm2, tensile strength 0.16 MPa, permeability 4.6 cm, and contact angle 95°. Curing inside water effect and outside temperature give compress strength 167.65 kg/cm2 and 163.24 kg/cm2, permeability curing inside the water and outside temperature are 4.6 cm and 12 cm. Optimum CaCl2 addition is gained at CaCl2 1.8M with compress strength 64.29 kg/cm2, tensile strength 0.15 MPa, permeability 2.4 cm, contact angle 95°. Optimum ratio cement/RFS is 1:1 with compress strength 167.65 kg/cm2, tensile strength 0.16 MPa, permeability 4.6 cm, and contact angle 950.
SODIUM LAURETH SULFATE (SLS) DECORATED α-PbO NANOCRYSTALS: OPTICAL, STRUCTURE, AND MORPHOLOGY, PROPERTIES
Authors: Putri Tikarahayu , Saputra Iwan Syahjoko , Saputro Anjar Hermadi , Permana Yogi Nopiandi , Yulizar Yoki , Sudirman Sudirman
Published: September 2021

SODIUM LAURETH SULFATE (SLS) DECORATED α-PbO NANOCRYSTALS: OPTICAL, STRUCTURE, AND MORPHOLOGY PROPERTIES. The α-PbO nanocrystals were successfully decorated using sodium laureth sulfate (SLS) anionic surfactant. The method used is one-pot synthesis approach. The precursor used is lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2). The UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed the absorption peak of α-PbO nanocrystals was seen at wavelength of 237 nm and an absorbance value of 0.7. The optical properties of PbO nanocrystals can be seen at the bandgap value of 4.2 eV. FT-IR spectroscopy showed the shift of absorption peak at the wavenumber of 1358 cm-1. XRD spectroscopy showed the crystals of PbO at diffraction angles (2θ) of 10-80o: 29.17, 32.54, 37.85, 39.62, 45.16, 46.21, 56.12, and 61.73 with miller indices of (111), (200), (201), (121), (220), (030), (311), and (032), respectively. The crystal size average of PbO was 56.32 nm. The results of PSA and PZC shows the particle size distribution of PbO is 71.5 nm with inter-particle charge of -25 mV. SEM-EDX data shows the PbO nanocrystals have an irregularly spherical with a compounds composition of Pb (83.12%) and O (16.88%). From the data of characterization, it can be concluded the PbO nanocrystals was successfully decorated using the surfactant anionic of sodium laureth sulfate.
CHARACTERIZATION OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES FROM CLOVE FLOWER WATER EXTRACT AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Authors: Lestari Gusti Ayu Dewi , Cahyadi Kadek Duwi , Suprihatin Iryanti Eka
Published: September 2021

CHARACTERIZATION OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES FROM CLOVE FLOWER WATER EXTRACT AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY. Green chemistry is a safe and cost effective method for producing metal nanoparticles, characterize and tested the antioxidant activity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In this research gold nanoparticles were synthesized using HAuCl₄ as the gold precursor and water extract of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) flowers 0.5% as the bioreductor. Characterization of the gold nanoparticles was carried out using UV-Vis spectrophotometer to measure the maximum wavelength, zeta analyzer to determine the particle size, and SEM EDS to investigate the morphology and content of the gold nanoparticles. The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring its free radical scavenging activity using the DPPH method. The research found the AuNPs has a maximum wavelength at 533 nm, and particle size of 73.52 nm. Furthermore, the AuNPs show free radical scavenging activities of up to 70%.
Book Review: Library Licensing: A Manual for Busy Librarians
Authors: Enimil Sandra Aya
Published: September 2021

Library Licensing: A Manual for Busy Librarians strives to help library staff comprehend library licenses for content and materials. It targets university librarians, but librarians who deal with licenses and agreements in other types of libraries will benefit from the information shared in this work. The book, written by two people (including one with a law degree) with experience at academic institutions, is a quick and straightforward read for librarians who may be new to reviewing contracts and provides thoughtful tips to more seasoned library professionals.
Assessment of the RNA Chaperone Activity with a Molecular Beacon v1
Authors: Menendez-Gil Pilar , J. Caballero Carlos , Solano Cristina , Toledo-Arana Alejandro
Published: September 2021

This is part 3.2 of the "Fluorescent Molecular Beacons Mimicking RNA Secondary Structures to Study RNA Chaperone Activity" collection of protocols. Collection Abstract: Molecular beacons (MBs) are oligonucleotide probes with a hairpin-like structure that are typically labelled at the 5' and 3' ends with a fluorophore and a quencher dye, respectively. The conformation of the MB acts as a switch for fluorescence emission. When the fluorophore is in close proximity to the quencher, fluorescence emission cannot be detected, meaning that the switch is in an OFF state. However, if the MB structure is modified, separating the fluorophore from the quencher, the switch turns ON allowing fluorescence emission. This property has been extensively used for a wide variety of applications including real-time PCR reactions, study of protein-DNA interactions, and identification of conformational changes in RNA structures. Here, we describe a protocol based on the MB technology to measure the RNA unfolding capacities of the CspA RNA chaperone from Staphylococcus aureus. This method, with slight variations, may also be applied for testing the activity of other RNA chaperones, RNA helicases, or ribonucleases.
A Simple Multistep Protocol for Differentiating Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Functional Macrophages v1
Authors: Mukherjee Chandrayana , Hale Christine , Mukhopadhyay Subhankar
Published: September 2021

Macrophages differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provide an alternative new tool overcoming some of the limitations of existing models for human macrophages, such as human macrophage-like cell lines and primary monocyte-derived macrophages. A combination of different cytokines and growth factors can differentiate hiPSCs toward myeloid lineage. Here we describe a simple multistep protocol for differentiating hiPSCs into functional macrophages. This includes derivation of three germ-line containing embryoid bodies (EBs) from iPSCs, generation of myeloid precursors from EBs, and finally maturation of myeloid precursors into functional macrophages. Technical procedure and specific culture conditions associated with each of these steps are discussed in detail.
Validating TBMs by Fluorescence Polarization (FP) v1
Authors: Pollock Katie , Ranes Michael , Collins Ian , Guettler Sebastian
Published: September 2021

This protocol is part of a collection: Identifying and Validating Tankyrase Binders and Substrates: A Candidate Approach The poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) enzyme tankyrase (TNKS/ARTD5, TNKS2/ARTD6) uses its ankyrin repeat clusters (ARCs) to recognize degenerate peptide motifs in a wide range of proteins, thereby recruiting such proteins and their complexes for scaffolding and/or poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. Here, we provide guidance for predicting putative tankyrase-binding motifs, based on the previously delineated peptide sequence rules and existing structural information. We present a general method for the expression and purification of tankyrase ARCs fromEscherichia coliand outline a fluorescence polarization assay to quantitatively assess direct ARC–TBM peptide interactions. We provide a basic protocol for evaluating binding and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of full-length candidate interacting proteins by full-length tankyrase in mammalian cells.
3' Linker Ligate cDNA (On-Bead), and Cleanup v1
Authors: L. Van Nostrand Eric , B. Nguyen Thai , Gelboin-Burkhart Chelsea , Wang Ruth , M. Blue Steven , A. Pratt Gabriel , L. Louie Ashley , W. Yeo Gene
Published: September 2021

Profiling of RNA binding protein targets in vivo provides critical insights into the mechanistic roles they play in regulating RNA processing. The enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (eCLIP) methodology provides a framework for robust, reproducible identification of transcriptome-wide protein-RNA interactions, with dramatically improved efficiency over previous methods. Here we provide a step-by-step description of the eCLIP method, along with insights into optimal performance of critical steps in the protocol. In particular, we describe improvements to the adaptor strategy that enables single-end enhanced CLIP (seCLIP), which removes the requirement for paired-end sequencing of eCLIP libraries. Further, we describe the observation of contaminating RNA present in standard nitrocellulose membrane suppliers, and present options with significantly reduced contamination for sensitive applications. These notes further refine the eCLIP methodology, simplifying robust RNA binding protein studies for all users.
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis and Size-Selection of Library v1
Authors: L. Van Nostrand Eric , B. Nguyen Thai , Gelboin-Burkhart Chelsea , Wang Ruth , M. Blue Steven , A. Pratt Gabriel , L. Louie Ashley , W. Yeo Gene
Published: September 2021

Profiling of RNA binding protein targets in vivo provides critical insights into the mechanistic roles they play in regulating RNA processing. The enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (eCLIP) methodology provides a framework for robust, reproducible identification of transcriptome-wide protein-RNA interactions, with dramatically improved efficiency over previous methods. Here we provide a step-by-step description of the eCLIP method, along with insights into optimal performance of critical steps in the protocol. In particular, we describe improvements to the adaptor strategy that enables single-end enhanced CLIP (seCLIP), which removes the requirement for paired-end sequencing of eCLIP libraries. Further, we describe the observation of contaminating RNA present in standard nitrocellulose membrane suppliers, and present options with significantly reduced contamination for sensitive applications. These notes further refine the eCLIP methodology, simplifying robust RNA binding protein studies for all users.
Quantitate Library v1
Authors: L. Van Nostrand Eric , B. Nguyen Thai , Gelboin-Burkhart Chelsea , Wang Ruth , M. Blue Steven , A. Pratt Gabriel , L. Louie Ashley , W. Yeo Gene
Published: September 2021

Profiling of RNA binding protein targets in vivo provides critical insights into the mechanistic roles they play in regulating RNA processing. The enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (eCLIP) methodology provides a framework for robust, reproducible identification of transcriptome-wide protein-RNA interactions, with dramatically improved efficiency over previous methods. Here we provide a step-by-step description of the eCLIP method, along with insights into optimal performance of critical steps in the protocol. In particular, we describe improvements to the adaptor strategy that enables single-end enhanced CLIP (seCLIP), which removes the requirement for paired-end sequencing of eCLIP libraries. Further, we describe the observation of contaminating RNA present in standard nitrocellulose membrane suppliers, and present options with significantly reduced contamination for sensitive applications. These notes further refine the eCLIP methodology, simplifying robust RNA binding protein studies for all users.
3.2 Production of a Cleared Cell Lysate v1
Authors: Simons Peter , Bondu Virginie , Wandinger-Ness Angela , Buranda Tione
Published: September 2021

Small, monomeric guanine triphosphate hydrolases (GTPases) are ubiquitous cellular integrators of signaling. A signal activates the GTPase, which then binds to an effector molecule to relay a signal inside the cell. The GTPase effector trap flow cytometry assay (G-Trap) utilizes bead-based protein immobilization and dual-color flow cytometry to rapidly and quantitatively measure GTPase activity status in cell or tissue lysates. Beginning with commercial cytoplex bead sets that are color-coded with graded fluorescence intensities of a red (700nm) wavelength, the bead sets are derivatized to display glutathione on the surface through a detailed protocol described here. A different glutathione-S-transferase-effector protein (GST-effector protein) can then beattached to the surface of each set. For the assay, users can incubate bead sets individually or in a multiplex format with lysates for rapid, selective capture of active, GTP-bound GTPases from a single sample. After that, flow cytometry is used to identify the bead-borneGTPase based on red bead intensity, and the amount of active GTPase per bead is detected using monoclonal antibodies conjugated to a green fluorophore or via labeled secondary antibodies. Three examples are provided to illustrate the efficacy of the effector-functionalized beads for measuring the activation of at least five GTPases in a single lysate from fewer than 50,000 cells. Section 3.2 'Production of a Cleared Cell Lysate' from 'Small-Volume Flow Cytometry-Based Multiplex Analysis of the Activity of Small GTPases' https://www.protocols.io/view/small-volume-flow-cytometry-based-multiplex-analys-bpssmnee
3.3 Molecular Assembly of GST Effector Proteins on Glutathione Beads v1
Authors: Simons Peter , Bondu Virginie , Wandinger-Ness Angela , Buranda Tione
Published: September 2021

Small, monomeric guanine triphosphate hydrolases (GTPases) are ubiquitous cellular integrators of signaling. A signal activates the GTPase, which then binds to an effector molecule to relay a signal inside the cell. The GTPase effector trap flow cytometry assay (G-Trap) utilizes bead-based protein immobilization and dual-color flow cytometry to rapidly and quantitatively measure GTPase activity status in cell or tissue lysates. Beginning with commercial cytoplex bead sets that are color-coded with graded fluorescence intensities of a red (700nm) wavelength, the bead sets are derivatized to display glutathione on the surface through a detailed protocol described here. A different glutathione-S-transferase-effector protein (GST-effector protein) can then beattached to the surface of each set. For the assay, users can incubate bead sets individually or in a multiplex format with lysates for rapid, selective capture of active, GTP-bound GTPases from a single sample. After that, flow cytometry is used to identify the bead-borneGTPase based on red bead intensity, and the amount of active GTPase per bead is detected using monoclonal antibodies conjugated to a green fluorophore or via labeled secondary antibodies. Three examples are provided to illustrate the efficacy of the effector-functionalized beads for measuring the activation of at least five GTPases in a single lysate from fewer than 50,000 cells. Section 3.3 'Molecular Assembly of GST Effector Proteins on Glutathione Beads' from 'Small-Volume Flow Cytometry-Based Multiplex Analysis of the Activity of Small GTPases' https://www.protocols.io/view/small-volume-flow-cytometry-based-multiplex-analys-bpssmnee
3.5 Applications of G-Trap Assay v1
Authors: Simons Peter , Bondu Virginie , Wandinger-Ness Angela , Buranda Tione
Published: September 2021

Small, monomeric guanine triphosphate hydrolases (GTPases) are ubiquitous cellular integrators of signaling. A signal activates the GTPase, which then binds to an effector molecule to relay a signal inside the cell. The GTPase effector trap flow cytometry assay (G-Trap) utilizes bead-based protein immobilization and dual-color flow cytometry to rapidly and quantitatively measure GTPase activity status in cell or tissue lysates. Beginning with commercial cytoplex bead sets that are color-coded with graded fluorescence intensities of a red (700nm) wavelength, the bead sets are derivatized to display glutathione on the surface through a detailed protocol described here. A different glutathione-S-transferase-effector protein (GST-effector protein) can then beattached to the surface of each set. For the assay, users can incubate bead sets individually or in a multiplex format with lysates for rapid, selective capture of active, GTP-bound GTPases from a single sample. After that, flow cytometry is used to identify the bead-borneGTPase based on red bead intensity, and the amount of active GTPase per bead is detected using monoclonal antibodies conjugated to a green fluorophore or via labeled secondary antibodies. Three examples are provided to illustrate the efficacy of the effector-functionalized beads for measuring the activation of at least five GTPases in a single lysate from fewer than 50,000 cells. Section 3.5 'Applications of G-Trap Assay' from 'Small-Volume Flow Cytometry-Based Multiplex Analysis of the Activity of Small GTPases' https://www.protocols.io/view/small-volume-flow-cytometry-based-multiplex-analys-bpssmnee
Thiol-Redox Proteomics to Study Reversible Protein Thiol Oxidations in Bacteria v1
Authors: Rossius Martina , Hochgräfe Falko , Antelmann Haike
Published: September 2021

Thiol-redox proteomics methods are rapidly developing tools in redox biology. These are applied to identify and quantify proteins with reversible thiol oxidations that are formed under normal growth and oxidative stress conditions inside cells. The proteins with reversible thiol oxidations are usually prepared by alkylation of reduced thiols, subsequent reduction of disulfide bonds followed by a second differential alkylation of newly released thiols. Here, we describe two methods for detection of protein S-thiolations in Gram-positive bacteria using the direct shotgun approach and the fluorescent-label thiol-redox proteomics method that have been successfully applied in our previous work.
Induced Neurons for the Study of Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Disorders v1
Authors: J. Sauter Evelyn , K. Kutsche Lisa , D. Klapper Simon , Busskamp Volker
Published: September 2021

Patient-derived or genomically modified human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer the opportunity to study neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Overexpression of certain neurogenic transcription factors (TFs) in iPSCs can induce efficient differentiation into homogeneous populations of the disease-relevant neuronal cell types. Here we provide protocols for genomic manipulations of iPSCs by CRISPR/Cas9. We also introduce two methods, based on lentiviral delivery and the piggyBac transposon system, to stably integrate neurogenic TFs into human iPSCs. Furthermore, we describe the TF-mediated neuronal differentiation and maturation in combination with astrocyte cocultures.
3.1 Human iPSC Culture v1
Authors: J. Sauter Evelyn , K. Kutsche Lisa , D. Klapper Simon , Busskamp Volker
Published: September 2021

This is part 3.1 of the "Induced Neurons for the Study of Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Disorders" collection of protocols. Collection Abstract: Patient-derived or genomically modified human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer the opportunity to study neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Overexpression of certain neurogenic transcription factors (TFs) in iPSCs can induce efficient differentiation into homogeneous populations of the disease-relevant neuronal cell types. Here we provide protocols for genomic manipulations of iPSCs by CRISPR/Cas9. We also introduce two methods, based on lentiviral delivery and the piggyBac transposon system, to stably integrate neurogenic TFs into human iPSCs. Furthermore, we describe the TF-mediated neuronal differentiation and maturation in combination with astrocyte cocultures.
3.5 Doxycycline-Induced Differentiation v1
Authors: J. Sauter Evelyn , K. Kutsche Lisa , D. Klapper Simon , Busskamp Volker
Published: September 2021

This is part 3.3 of the "Induced Neurons for the Study of Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Disorders" collection of protocols. Collection Abstract: Patient-derived or genomically modified human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer the opportunity to study neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Overexpression of certain neurogenic transcription factors (TFs) in iPSCs can induce efficient differentiation into homogeneous populations of the disease-relevant neuronal cell types. Here we provide protocols for genomic manipulations of iPSCs by CRISPR/Cas9. We also introduce two methods, based on lentiviral delivery and the piggyBac transposon system, to stably integrate neurogenic TFs into human iPSCs. Furthermore, we describe the TF-mediated neuronal differentiation and maturation in combination with astrocyte cocultures.
Myocarditis following mRNA Covid-19 vaccination: a pooled analysis v1
Authors: Bellos Ioannis
Published: September 2021

Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as the main tool to confront the Covid-19 pandemic. However, concerns were raised about potential adverse effects of mRNA vaccines, especially the development of myocarditis. The present study aims to gather current evidence and assess the clinical charactertistis of myocarditis cases, describe their clinical course and identify factors predisposing for critical illness.
Stance-taking on Brexit in Small Stories on Facebook
Authors: Poberezhnyi Dmytro
Published: September 2021

This paper looks at how the stance of English-speaking Facebook users towards Brexit is actualized in their comments to posts addressing this issue. By using a mixed research approach, which combines narratological analysis of small stories (Georgakopoulou, 2007) with stance-taking theory (Du Bois, 2007), this paper puts to scrutiny 187 small stories which appeared online in January-June 2021. In the focus of attention are verbal and non-verbal stance-taking devices which are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. It is shown that both rational and affective stance of anglophone tellers of small stories about Brexit is mostly negative, which can be accounted for by fears and worries caused by the negative trends in home and foreign affairs in the United Kingdom in the post-Brexit period.
The Perceptions of Tertiary Level Learners on the Use of Mobile App ‘Balloon Vocabulary’ in Improving Vocabulary for Reading Comprehension
Authors: John Philip Wilson , Mohamad Maslawati , Mahmud Siti Nur Diyana , Fuad Nurul Izzati Md
Published: September 2021

The challenges that the English as a Second Language (ESL) learners encounter during the reading process impede their reading comprehension. During the reading process, they need to pick up the information and stimulation around the text to comprehend it. Learners with a low vocabulary repertoire usually face difficulties to understand the lengthy text. Therefore, in this study, a mobile application labelled ‘Balloon Vocabulary’ was developed to help Ibanese tertiary learners to enjoy their reading and develop their vocabulary repertoire. This study employed a mixed-method approach that aimed to seek the perceptions of 125 tertiary level Iban learners on the usage of ‘Balloon Vocabulary’ towards improving their vocabulary repertoire. This study was also embarked to discover the learners’ performance after they completed both pre-test and post-test by using the application. Descriptive and inferential analyses were used to analyze the data. The qualitative data were analyzed and transcribed into themes. From the findings, the process of experiencing gamification and language games has led the learners to discover their skill related to vocabulary. Furthermore, their passion for learning was increased due to the involvement of technology in learning. This application is hoped to serve as a potential platform for learners to gain new experience dealing with new technological ways of learning English. Then, it will tread a new path for teachers as they will be able to attract learners’ attention and realign their focus to achieve desired content in learning.
The Effects of WordWall Online Games (WOW) on English Language Vocabulary Learning Among Year 5 Pupils
Authors: Hasram Syafiqah , Nasir M. Khalid M. , Mohamad Maslawati , Daud Md. Yusoff , Rahman Mohd Jasmy Abd , Mohammad Wan Muna Ruzanna Wan
Published: September 2021

In the effort to upgrade pupils' vocabulary learning experience, the potential of interactive educational games is increasingly explored as supplementary teaching and learning materials. While the eagerness to integrate mobile technology into English language education is noticeable, there is a lack of evidence on Malaysian English as Second Language (ESL) learners' views of the feasibility of online games in vocabulary learning. This study aims to determine the degree of improvement in pupils' vocabulary performance. The quantitative data was analysed using descriptive and dependent t-test analysis. The cross-sectional survey was adapted from the ACRS-V model. The questionnaire was distributed to Year 5 pupils from a national primary school in Negeri Sembilan who are using the syllabus of The English Language Curriculum for Primary Schools (KSSR). The findings show a moderate level of Satisfaction, Attention, Relevance, Confidence and Volition. In addition, a paired sample t-test indicates a significant improvement in the pupils’ vocabulary scores after using WordWall (WOW) as a vocabulary learning supplementary material. The effect size demonstrated is also larger regarding its effects in behavioural sciences. This study provides important insights as a guide for primary school English teachers in integrating online games as a learning tool for English language learning, especially in developing pupils’ English vocabulary repertoire.
An Overview of History of Contract Law Translation in China
Authors: Sun Lin , Gong Dexiang
Published: September 2021

Legal translation enjoys significance in both empirical and theoretical aspects, while the historical perspective can help the academia and translators to know the past of certain specific field of laws so as to produce better translation versions. Based on commonly accepted translations theories, this article explores the historical importance of contract law in perspective, analyzes the process of development, exhibits the translation achievements and experiences from major translators and agencies, thus, some paradigm and future advices can be drawn therefrom. Employing a theoretical method in a history angle is not that frequently used in translation practice, however it is also not that rare, it can be a start for not only contract law per se, but the whole legal translation in balance.
On Embodiment of Predicative Metaphor: A Case of English Body-action Verbs
Authors: Huo Mingjie , Chen Jiaxuan
Published: September 2021

This paper presents an analysis of embodiment of predicative metaphor which is an important topic in cognitive linguistic study. Previous researches are mainly about the identification, classification and construal of predicative metaphor, while its cognitive motivation has not been discussed. Based on the conceptual metaphor theory and embodied philosophy, the cognitive motivation of the metaphorical usage of English body-action verbs is discussed. It is concluded that the metaphorical usage of English body-action verbs arises from the embodied experience. Concepts related to human body are preferred to be the source domain of the cross-domain mapping used to understand other concepts. The metaphorical usage of English body-action verbs is created through human body metaphor.
Surmounting Stereotyping of International Students
Authors: Jamaluddin Aini Syahira , Idrus Faizah
Published: September 2021

This study attempted to investigate the experiences of international students towards stereotyping inside and outside of the campus. The purpose of this study was to explore the students’ experiences on stereotyping and employed qualitative method as the mode of inquiry. Semi-structured interview was conducted with five postgraduates’ students in one of the public universities in Malaysia. The respondents came from different countries and majors of studies. Finding from the study found that international students did experience stereotyping, but this encounter seemed not to affect their studies. Finally, future researchers are encouraged to adapt this study within a larger group of respondents to examine its confirmability and credibility. A careful exploration of stereotype in the areas of intercultural and cross-cultural communication among international students may provide more insights into their wellbeing in countries away from home.
A Rare Complication of Foreign Body Removal from the Oesophagus Using Foley Catheter: Esophageal Rupture
Authors: TARTAR Tugay , BAKAL Ünal , SARAÇ Mehmet , EROĞLU Yeşim , KAZEZ Ahmet
Published: September 2021

Delay in diagnosis and treatment of esophageal foreign bodies (FBs) increases morbidity and mortality. Anamnesis, radiological imaging and endoscopy are important in this diagnosis.
A nine-month-old male patient was admitted to the hospital an hour after swallowing a coin. Pulmonary radiographic images detected the FB in the 2nd narrowing of the oesophagus and the FB was removed using a foley catheter. Six hours after removal of the FB, the patient was re-admitted by the emergency service upon development of puffiness in the neck and chest area. Physical examination revealed subcutaneous crepitation on the anterior wall of the thorax. Esophagography revealed that the contrast agent leaked from the right lateral of the oesophagus into the chest cavity. The nasogastric tube was inserted, the oral nutrition was stopped and antibiotherapy was started. Primary oesophagus repair was performed via thoracotomy on the 7th day of conservative follow-up upon the deterioration of the general condition and continuing leakage of contrast agent as observed in the fluoroscopy.
In conclusion, The use of foley catheter in the removal of esophageal FBs can lead to serious complications.
Development of model of transient modes taking into account mutual inductance of scattering fields for implementation of digital twin of transformer
Authors: Snit’ko I.S. , Tikhonov A.I. , Stulov A.V. , Mizonov V.E.
Published: September 2021

Development of the refined mathematical models of power transformers (digital twins), which make it possible to calculate arbitrary modes of operation of these devices with high accuracy and increased speed is an urgent task. Currently, such problems are solved using simulation packages such as MatLab Simulink. One of the disadvantages of the existing simulation models of the transformer is the assumption that own leakage inductance of the windings is used. This assumption is not always acceptable. Thus, the purpose of this article is to develop models of transformers using matrices of mutual inductance of the scattering field. The finite element method is used to calculate the magnetic field in a 2D formulation, implemented by means of the EMLib library, as well as simulation methods with the MatLab Simulink package are applied. The authors have estimated the features and basic assumptions while developing refined mathematical models of power transformers of various designs (two- and three-winding). It makes possible to ensure the required accuracy when simulating transient and emergency modes of transformer operation. Field models have been developed to determine the own and mutual scattering inductance matrices. Simulation models of transformers of various designs with the use of winding leakage inductance matrices have been developed. The results of simulation of dynamic processes in a transformer in various modes are presented. Comparison of the results of the operation of models with matrices of mutual inductances and without them is carried out. The results of the research can be used during the design of power transformers in design companies and in production environment. It is also possible to use the developed models during operation of power transformers for the analysis of static and dynamic modes of operation of sections of electrical networks.
Adaptive selective-invariant control of tracking electric drives with elastic kinematic transmissions
Authors: Tikhomirova I.A. , Kopylova L.G. , Tararykin S.V.
Published: September 2021

Currently, high quality indicators of adaptive versions of selective-invariant electromechanical systems designed to control the speed in a wide range have been obtained. Thus, it lays the groundwork for effective use of the proposed synthesis methods and obtained structural solutions in the systems of contour-positional and tracking control of angular displacements of the working elements of technological machines. The implemented structural-parametric synthesis is based on the methods of the theory of modal control, reduction of regulators, the principles of selective invariance, separation of the rates of movement of local subsystems, adaptive, contour-positional and tracking control. The study has been carried out by detailed computational experiments with models of synthesized electromechanical systems. The features of synthesis and functioning of adaptive selective-invariant systems with elastic kinematic links in the tracking and positioning modes are described. The combination of the principles of tracking, selective-invariant and adaptive control in the structure of a single electromechanical system makes it possible to fully provide new opportunities for the implementation of high-precision dynamic control of working machines.
A study of stability of difference scheme of Markov counting chain method for fluidization modeling
Authors: Mitrofanov A.V. , Sizova O.V. , Shpeynova N.S. , Zhemchugov A.A. , Mikhailova S.M.
Published: September 2021

Devices with a fluidized bed of granular material are applied in many energy power technology processes. The fluidized bed is a heterogeneous system, so mathematical models assuming its spatial discretization are necessary for its proper description. Markov chain theory is one of the most effective tools for the mathematical description of the fluidized bed structure. Many research papers are devoted to the issues of the theory application when developing mathematical models of various technological processes in the fluidized bed. At the same time, much less attention is paid to the issue of stability analysis of the proposed algorithms. Thus, it is a highly topical issue to analyze the computational stability of models of fluidized bed based on the mathematical principles of the Markov chain theory. The Markov chain approach is used as a mathematical basis for modeling of the flow patterns in a fluidized bed. The parametric identification of the model is performed using the dependencies known from the scientific papers, and the transition matrices are aligned with the physical parameters of the mass flows, which makes the proposed model nonlinear. The mixed criterion of the stability algorithm is formulated. It shows the influence of the spatiotemporal parameters of the problem sampling on the stability of computational procedures. The stability of the difference scheme to calculate formation of a fluidized bed of a monodisperse granular material is studied. The influence of the time sampling frequency on the stability of the resulting solution is considered. The effect of various parameters of the model on the loss of computational stability is estimated. It is proved that the time and spatial sampling frequencies should be chosen as a result of a mixed stability criterion. The study proves that the methodology of the Markov chain theory is an acceptable tool to describe the structure of such particle systems as a fluidized bed. It is established that macro-diffusion parameter of particle motion is the most influential in the process of computational stability loss. Thus, on the one hand, it is relevant to conduct further comparative studies of existing models of macrodiffusion, and on the other hand, it is possible to use models based on the theory of Markov chains considering the proposed stability criterion.
Evaluation of Some Biomarkers in Carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) Depending on Water and Sediment Pollution of Atatürk Dam Lake
Authors: ALKAN UÇKUN Aysel , UÇKUN Miraç
Published: September 2021

In this study, some environmental pollution parameters of the Atatürk Dam Lake which is Turkey's largest artificial lake and meeting the irrigation and energy needs of Adıyaman and Şanlıurfa were evaluated with some biochemical data in the carp living in the lake and consumed economically by the public. Water, sediment and fish samplings were done simultaneously from Kahta and Bozova districts, where the Atatürk Dam Lake is located. Residue analyzes of various metals in water, sediment and muscle of carp samples were carried out together with some physicochemical parameters in the water. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant scavenging capacity (TOSC) levels in liver, and activities of Na+/K+ATPase, Mg2+ATPase, Ca2+ATPase were determined in gill of the carp. As a result of the study, it was observed that Cd, Cr and Cu levels in water, Cd and Cu levels in sediment and Pb and Cd levels in carp exceeded the maximum acceptable concentrations. Among the biochemical parameters, oxidative stress index and TOSC level were found significantly higher in the liver of the fish in Kahta compared to those in Bozova. Na+/K+ATPase activity was significantly inhibited in the gill of the fish in Kahta. When all these pollution parameters and biochemical data are evaluated together, it can be said that the water, sediment and carp of Kahta are more contaminated with toxic metals than those in Bozova, and the carp are under oxidative stress, so they may be a threat to the health of the consumers hunted from this region.
La prensa local, fuente para el estudio de inundaciones: el semanario Sóller (Mallorca) de 1900 a 2000 / Local newspapers, a source for the study of floods: the Sóller weekly (Mallorca) from 1900 to 2000
Authors: Rossello Geli Joan , Cortès Maria
Published: September 2021

El incremento en el riesgo de inundaciones en el arco costero mediterráneo ha supuesto la implementación de medidas destinadas a su disminución. Entre los elementos utilizados para desarrollar estas medidas se incluye el estudio de inundaciones históricas mediante fuentes documentales. Entre estas fuentes se encuentra la prensa, que alcanzó un gran desarrollo a finales del siglo XIX e inicios del XX. Fruto de este proceso fue la aparición de prensa de carácter local y periodicidad variable que recoge abundantes datos de inundaciones que, por afectar a cuencas de dimensiones reducidas y tener un impacto poco destacado, pueden no ser incluidas en los catálogos de mayor ámbito geográfico. En este supuesto se incluye la cuenca de Sóller, en la isla de Mallorca, donde gracias a la existencia de un semanario local se ha podido desarrollar un análisis de la ocurrencia de inundaciones desde 1900 hasta el 2000. A partir de los datos aportados por la prensa se crea una base de datos donde se incluyen informaciones como cuencas afectadas, cantidades de precipitación acumulada y daños provocados. Estos datos permiten desarrollar una clasificación de las inundaciones en tres grandes grupos según el impacto que producen: ordinarias, extraordinarias y catastróficas, lo que supone un avance en el conocimiento del riesgo histórico para la cuenca estudiada. La principal conclusión es la utilidad de la prensa como fuente para la clasificación de eventos a partir de los impactos provocados sobre el medio y la población.
Regenerando barrios en Euskadi: aspectos geográficos / Regenerating Neighborhoods in the Basque Country: geographical aspects
Authors: Tomé Fernández Sergio
Published: September 2021

Se ofrece un balance regional de la rehabilitación urbanística a través de cuarenta y cinco barrios desfavorecidos del País Vasco. El objetivo es la aproximación comparada a las mejoras morfológicas, paisajísticas, ambientales y funcionales, a fin de valorar el peso que, en su planteamiento y materialización, o malogro, han tenido las problemáticas y las políticas locales y regionales.
Gunshot missile caliber and type estimation using superposition method by exit gunshot cranial vault fracture
Authors: Semyonov Vyachaslav V. , Tsiatsiuyev Andrei M.
Published: September 2021

A case of missile group identification by comparative examination using the image superposition method is presented. Identification was carried out using a skeletonized body vault exit gunshot fracture. The exit gunshot buttonhole fracture shape and dimensions reflected the bullet caliber and its flank profile. The entrance injury located on the anterior arch of the first cervical vertebra and the basilar part of the occipital bone, in this case, had no identification significance.
On the question of the influence of mental fatigue on the psyche of students.
Authors: Plaksin N. V.
Published: September 2021

The question of the mental fatigue of students, raised by Lorinzer in 1836 and first subjected to a methodological objective study by Professor Sikorsky 1), quickly took the dominant position in the field of neuropsychic hygiene and prevention. More often and more frequent complaints about the burden of students with home and school work, about their overwork and progressive nervousness 2), giving the solution of the problem of mental work in general and fatigue in particular the urgency of urgent need, served as the reason for the emergence of numerous conditions of their study and content.
The case of demonic possession
Authors: Shalabutov K. V.
Published: September 2021

As far as the human mind is developed, the area of ​​the miraculous and supernatural is wider and immense for it; therefore, all the incomprehensible and striking phenomena of him belong to him to the action of a higher, mysterious power. This is the origin of the world outlook of primitive peoples, in whom, over the course of time, invisible abstract forces were recognized as deities governing the fate of people, at which there usually arose the influence of deities on good and evil, clean and unclean. Deities have their servants angels and gods. Evil spirits and their incarnations in the image of bots, according to the primitive peoples and uncultured popular masses, have great influence on human life; unhappiness, death and illness depend on them. Sumtsov) says that diseases have long been among different peoples in the form of demonic beings. The spirits of darkness are doctors of health and life; they penetrate into the body of a person and serve as a source of illnesses, they darken the mind and torment the body. Already in the brick books of the ancient Chaldeans, there are conspiracies against diseases, like demonic beings. Among the Iranians, magic spells and cleansing from illnesses were widespread, like unclean demonic creatures. Among the Greeks and Romans, illnesses also had a demonic meaning, In the ancient Scandinavians, internal illnesses were attributed to the action of evil spirits and treated them with conspiracies and sympathetic means. In England in the X and XI centuries and later internal illnesses were considered directly caused by evil spirits, elves, demons, spells of sorcerers or the pernicious influence of the evil eye. The Slavs, in particular the Russians, share the demonic origin of illnesses with all other peoples.
A case of radial nerve palsy (Paralysis n. Radialis)
Authors: Protopopov X. I.
Published: September 2021

The history of the disease. Patient, student of the Faculty of Law of Kazan University, B, 22 years old. I applied to the clinic on January 21, 1911 with complaints of lack of movement in the wrist and fingers of the left hand, sensation of cold and onѣmeniya in the same hand up to half of the shoulder, inclusive. The patient tells the following about the beginning of his illness: on January 4, 1911, after standing for 1/2 hour on a sharp wooden railing with his left hand, just the outer side of his shoulder, he felt cold, he felt a chill in his hand and a feeling of chills; I wanted to straighten my jacket, but I could not, since the hand and fingers of my left hand did not function well enough. While standing, I did not feel anything and calmly talked to those around him (it happened in the people's house). Before dark alcohol did not drink and was completely healthy. Two days before that (January 1 and 2), the patient had a runny nose, cough and a slight fever, but he felt good.
Sommer. On the question of kindred marriages and reduction of the number of ancestors in humans and animals. Zur Theorie der Verwandtenehe und des Ahnenverlustes bei Menschen und Tieren. Klinik f. psych. u. nerv. Kankh. v. R. Sommer. B. V. H. 4. S. 291
Authors: Averbuch R.
Published: September 2021

By reducing the number of ancestors, we mean the appearance of identical persons in the pedigree of children who happened from related marriages.