bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, characterization and the effect of glucose‐lowering of guanidino acid oxovanadium(IV) complexes
Authors: Liu Ju‐Tao , Wang Xiao‐Hong , Li Jian‐Xin , Liu Jing‐Fu
Published: September 2010

Two guanidino acid oxovanadium(IV) complexes have been synthesized. Preliminary tests in vivo have shown that the two title complexes all display lowering glucose activity in vivo to STZ‐rats. The effect of glucose‐lowering of guanidino acetic acid oxovanadium(IV) complex in vivo is higher than that of guanidino propanoic acid oxovanadium(IV) complex.
Syntheses and crystal structures of benzyltin(IV) derivatives of 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole
Authors: Zhang Ru‐Fen , Qiu Lin‐Lin , Li Feng , Ma Chun‐Lin
Published: September 2010

The complexes (PhCH2Sn(MBT)2 (2) and (PhCH2Sn(MBT) (3) (HMBT: 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, and IR, 1H, 13C, 119Sn NMR spectrometries and X‐ray diffraction. Studies on the crystal structures of 2 and 3 show that HMBT acts as bidentate ligand through chelation of N and S atoms. Complex 2 contains a six‐coordinate tin atom with the axial angle C(15)‐Sn(1)‐C(22) 129.6(2)o. And the tin environment of complex 3 is a distorted cis‐trigonal bipyramid with C(8)‐Sn(1)‐N(1) 158.80o.
Quantum chemical study on reaction of acetaldehyde with hydroxyl radical
Authors: Li Ming , Zhang Jin‐Sheng , Shen Wei , Meng Qing‐Xi
Published: September 2010

The reaction of acetaldehyde with hydroxyl radical was studied by means of quantum chemical methods. The geometries for all the stationary points on the potential energy surfaces were optimized fully, respectively, at the G3MP2, G3. and MP2/6‐311++G(d,p) levels. Single‐point energies of all the species were calculated at the QCISD/6‐311++G(d,p) level. The mechanism of the reaction studied was confirmed. The predicted product is acetyl radical that is in agreement with the experiment.
A Novel coordination polymer, [AgI/4 (bpdc)(H2bpdc)(Hbpdc)2]n (bpdc=2,2′‐bipyridyl‐3,3′‐dicarboxylate): Coordination models of bpdc ligands
Authors: Guo Hong‐You , Chen Chun‐Xue , Wei Yong‐Ge , Jin Xiang‐Lin , Fang Chun , Wang Ping
Published: September 2010

A novel coordination polymer, [Ag4ppdc)(H2bpdc)(Hbpdc)2] (bpdc = 2,2′‐bipyridyl‐3,3′‐dicarboxylate), was hydrothermally synthesized at 403 K and structurally characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The compound crystalizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a=1.9516(4) nm, b=1.9503(4) nm. c=1.2566(3) nm, and β=112.48(3)°. In the two‐dimensional crystal structure, AgI center is coordinated, in a scarce coordination environment, double‐capped tetrahedron, by one bpdc ligand to form N‐Ag‐N chelate bond via two pyridyl N atoms, and other two bpdc ligands to form two O‐Ag‐O chelate bonds, respectively, via two carboxyl O atoms. The bpdc ligands are present in one non‐protonated form, bpdc, and two protonated forms, Hbpdc and H2bpdc, which all act as μ3‐ligand in a hexadentate fashion (N, N′; O, O′; O, O′) to coordinate with three Ag centers, respectively, through the three chelate bonds. This coordinated fashion of bpdc ligand is first found in the title compound. W‐Us‐NIR reflectance spectroscopy study revealed insulator nature for the crystal with an optical energy gap of 3.1 eV.
Enantiomeric separation of epinephrine and salbutamol by micellar electrokinetic chromatography using β‐cyclodextrin as chiral additive
Authors: Zheng Yan‐Peng , Mo Jin‐Yuan
Published: September 2010

Enantiomeric separations of epinephrine and salbutamol, by means of micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) employing β‐cyclodextrin as chiral additive in ammonium chloride‐ammonia solution were investigated. In this system, the analytes migrated with the micellar phase towards the anode and were detected by electrochemistry using gold microelectrode at +0.65 V vs. SCE. The success of the chiral separations is strongly dependent on the concentration of β‐CD and SDS, and the optimal concentration is 8 mmol·L−1 and 15 mmol·L−1 respectively. The effects of detection potential, pH value of electrolyte and applied voltage were discussed also. Using the proposed method, baseline separation of the enantiomers could be accomplished in 6 min. Further, an attempt was made to elucidate the plausible mechanism of the chiral recognition.
A novel debromination of vic‐dibromides to alkenes with InCl3(cat.)/Sm system in aqueous media
Authors: Wang Min , Wang Lei , Li Pin‐Hua , Yan Jin‐Can
Published: September 2010

A novel debromination of vic‐dibromides to alkenes with InCl3(cat.)/Sm system in aqueous media has been developed. The reaction gives the E‐isomers with excellent yields.
Discovery of anti‐SARS coronavirus drug based on molecular docking and database screening
Authors: Chen Hai‐Feng , Yao Jian‐Hua , Sun Jing , Li Qiang , Li Feng , Fan Bo‐Tao , Yuan Shen‐Gang
Published: September 2010

The active site of 3CL proteinase (3CLpro) for coronavirus was identified by comparing the crystal structures of human and porcine coronavirus. The inhibitor of the main protein of rhinovirus (Ag7088) could bind with 3CLpro of human coronavirus, then it was selected as the reference for molecular docking and database screening. The ligands from two databases were used to search potential lead structures with molecular docking. Several structures from natural products and ACD‐SC databases were found to have lower binding free energy with 3CLpro than that of Ag7088. These structures have similar hydrophobicity to Ag7088. They have complementary electrostatic potential and hydrogen bond acceptor and donor with 3CLpro, showing that the strategy of anti‐SARS drug design based on molecular docking and database screening is feasible.
Synthesis and crystal structure of N,N′‐dimethyldithio‐arbamato‐copper(I) polymer {[Cu(Me2dtc)]2}n
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhu Xiu‐Lin , Cheng Zhen‐Ping , Zhu Jian , Lang Jian‐Ping , Lu Jian‐Mei
Published: September 2010

Reactions of CuSCN with tetramethylthiuram disulfide in CH3CN in the presence of styrene and N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine gave rise to a new copper(I) complex ofN,N′‐dimethyldithiocabamate ([CU(S2CNMe2)]2)n. The title compound crystallized in the triclinic P‐1 space group with lattice parameters a=0.7610(4) nm, b=0.8911(4) nm, c=0.9268(5) nm, α=68.66(1)°, β=83.88(2)°, γ=79.31(2)°, V=0.5748(5) nm3, Z=2. The compound has a unique 1D chain structure composed of CuSCSCuSCS eight‐membered rings and a pair of CUS bonds, the structure of which has been determined by singlecrystal X‐ray crystallography. The isolation of this compound may provide some helpful information for the cause of the induction periods of the reverse atom transfer radical polymerization.
Co‐existing intermolecular halogen bonding and hydrogen bonding in the compound Trans‐5,10‐bis(1‐bromodifluoro‐acetyl‐1‐ethoxycarbonyl‐methylidene)thianthrene
Authors: Zhu Shi‐Fa , Zhu Shi‐Zheng , Liao Yuan‐Xi , Huang Chao‐Feng , Li Zhan‐Ting
Published: September 2010

Trans‐5,10‐bis(1‐bromodifluoroacetyl‐1‐ethoxycarbonyl‐methylidene)thianthrene (1b) was prepared from the reaction of BrCF2COC(N2)CO2Et with thianthrene. X‐ray single crystal diffraction analysis showed that the intermolecular halogen bonding and hydrogen bonding coexisted in this compound. The bromine atom acted as an electron acceptor in the halogen bond and an electron donor in the hydrogen bond. It is the first example that the bromine atom acted as such a dual role in the hydrogen and halogen bond.
Stereoselective michael addition and michael‐aldol tandem reaction of diorganyl diselenides or disulfides with conjugated alkynones mediated by samarium diiodide
Authors: Zheng Xing‐Liang , Xu Xiao‐Liang , Zhang Yong‐Min
Published: September 2010

Stereoselective Michael addition and Michael‐aldol tandem reaction of diorganyl diselenides and disulfides with conjugated alkynones mediated by samarium diiodide were studied. The reaction temperature was critical for the stereoselectivity. β‐Organylselenoalkenones or β‐organylthioalkenones and γ‐organylselenoallylic alcohols or γ‐organylthioallylic alcohols were prepared in good yields.
Synthesis and cleavage studies of a 1,2‐dioxolane‐type peroxide
Authors: Liu He‐Hua , Jin Hong‐Xia , Wu Yi‐Kang
Published: September 2010

A [1,2]dioxolane‐type peroxide was synthesized and tested for its cleavage behavior with Fe2+‐cysteinate as a simple model of biological redox species. No S‐alkylation product was observed.
Surface anchoring stabilized high strength disclinations in smectic C phase of a schiff‐base liquid crystal
Authors: Zhang Qi‐Zhen , Cui Li , Yin Xiao‐Ying
Published: September 2010

The observation of disclination cores of high strength S= −2, −3, −4, −5, −6, −7, −8 in a smectic C phase of Schiff‐base type liquid crystal (LC) is reported. The results of polarizing optical microscope (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) prove that the sample exhibits smectic C phase. It is suggested that the formation of the high strength disclination is mainly ascribed to the stronger anchoring of LC molecules on the substrate due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the pendent hydroxyl of the LC molecule and the substrate.
Kinetic study on the exothermic first‐stage decomposition reaction of 2,4,8,10‐tetranitro‐2,4,8,10‐tetraazaspiro[5,5]undecane‐3,9‐dione
Authors: Hu Rong‐Zu , Zhao Feng‐Qi , Wang Bo‐Zhou , Gao Sheng‐Li , Zhu Chun‐Hua , Ning Bin‐Ke , Chen Pei , Luo Yang , Song Ji‐Rong , Shi Qi‐Zhen
Published: September 2010

Under linear temperature increase condition the thermal behavior and kinetic parameters of the exothermic fmt‐stage decomposition reaction of the title compound were studied by means of DSC and TG‐DTG. The empirical kinetic model function in differential form, apparent activation energy and pre‐exponential constant of this reaction are α0.122(1−α)0.528, 216.4 kJ·mol−1and 1020.51 s−1respectively. The critical temperature of thermal explosion of the compound is 222.25 °C. The values of Δ≠S, Δ≠H, and Δ≠Gand of this reaction are 108.3 J·mol−1K−1, 205.1 kJ·mol−1and 151.4 kJ·mol−1, respectively.
Preparation and study of thermal decomposition mechanism of Zn(Thr)(AcO)2·2H2O
Authors: Jiao Bao‐Juan , Zhao Feng‐Qi , Meng Xiang‐Xin , Hu Rong‐Zu , Gao Sheng‐Li
Published: September 2010

The complex of Zn(AcO)2·2H2O and threonine was prepared in the mixture solvent of water‐acetone, the composition of which was identified as Zn(Thr)(AcO)2·2H2O by chemical and elemental analyses. The complex was investigated by XRD, JR, TG‐DTG and DSC methods. The result of TG‐DTG shows that the thermal decomposition processes of the complex can be divided into three stages, which were dehydration (I), partial decomposition (II) and complete decomposition into ZnO (III). Dehydration enthalpy was 126.89 kj·mol−1, decomposition enthalpy of the stage (II) was 79.50 kJ·mol−1. The study of non‐isothermal kinetics shows that the mechanism of the dehydration stage was Maple Power of n=3/2, the apparent activation energy E was 145.32 kJ·mol−1 and the pre‐exponential factor A was 1.4125×1017 s−1, and that of ligand‐losting process was nucleation and growth mechanism (Avrami‐Erofeev equation n=1/2), its E was 189.33 kJ·mol−1, and A was 3.4674×s−1. The empirical kinetics model equations of the investigated processes were proposed.
Self‐assembly of carboxyl functionalized polystyrene nano‐spheres into close‐packed monolayers via chemical adsorption
Authors: Li Zhi‐Wei , Zhou Jing‐Fang , Zhang Zhi‐Jun , Dang Hong‐Xin
Published: September 2010

The polyacrylic acid functionalized polystyrene nanospheres were synthesized and self‐assembled into irregular, densely packed monolayers in non‐aqueous media. The polymer nanoparticles were chemically adhered to substrates. The morphologies of the resulting films were investigated. The impact of the volume fraction of alcohol in the mixed solvents on the particle adsorption and fabrication of nanosphere assembled films was examined.
Synthesis and characterization of diorganotin compounds {[R2Sn(ON=CHC6H5)]2O}2and crystal structure of {[(CsH5CH2)2Sn(ON=CHC6H5)]2O}2
Authors: Yin Han‐Dong , Xue Sheng‐Cai , Wang Qi‐Bao
Published: September 2010

Diorganotin compounds ([R2Sn(ON=CHC6H5)]2O)2[R=C6H5CH2(1), 2‐FC6H4CH2(2), 4‐FC6H4CH2(3), 2‐ClC6H4CH2(4), 4‐ClC6H4CH2(5)] were synthesized by the reaction of R2SnO with HON=CHC6H5in 1:1 molar ratio in refluxing anhydrous benzene or toluene. They were characterized by elemental analysis, IR,1H NMR and119Sn NMR spectroscopy. And two sets of119Sn chemical shifts were observed in the119Sn NMR spectra of these compounds, indicating the presence of two types of environment around the tin atoms. The crystal structure of compound 1 was determined by X‐ray single crystal diffraction analysis. The results showed that the crystal of compound 1 belongs to a monoclinic system with space groupP21/cand unit cell dimensions:α=1.0718(9) nm,b=1.9666(17) nm,c=2.0480(17) nm, β=96.4371(14)°,Dc=1.450 g/cm3,Z=2,F(000)=1888,V=4.290(6) nm3, μ=1.206 mm−1,R1=0.0405,wR2=0.0786. The compound 1 belongs to centrosymmetric dimer structure mode with a four‐membered centralendo‐cyclicSn2O2unit in which the bridging oxygen atoms are hi‐coordinated. Each bridging oxygen atom also connects with an em‐cyclic tin atom. Theendo‐ andexo‐cyclic tin atoms are both five‐coordinated, and have coordination geometry of distorted trigonal bipyramid.
A convenient preparation of N‐Alkyl‐2,5‐dihydroisoxazoles from O‐Allyl oximes
Authors: Tang E , Lin Xiang‐Jin , Huang Xian
Published: September 2010

The organoselenium‐induced ring‐closure reaction of O‐allyl oximes gave cyclic iminium salts, which reacted with Grignard reagents to produce N‐alkyl‐4‐phenylselenoisoxazolidines. 2,5‐Dihydroisoxazoles could be obtained in good yields by subsequent selenoxide syn‐elimination.
Kinetics and mechanism of the thermal decomposition reaction of 3,3‐Bis(azidomethyl)oxetane/tetrahydrofuran copolymer
Authors: Luo Yang , Chen Pei , Zhao Feng‐Qi , Hu Rong‐Zu , Li Shang‐Wen , Gao Yin
Published: September 2010

The thermal behavior, mechanism and kinetic parameters of the exothermic decomposition reaction of 3,3‐bis(azidomethyl)oxetane/tetrahydrofuran (BAMO/THF) copolymer in a temperature‐programmed mode have been investigated by means of DSC, TG‐DTG, fast and lower thermolysis/FTIR and TG‐MS. The reaction mechanism was proposed. The apparent activation energy and pre‐exponential constant of exothermic decomposition reaction of the compound at 0.1 MPa are 167.04 kJ*mol−1 and 1014.41 s−1, respectively. The corresponding critical temperatures of thermal explosion obtained from the onset temperature Tc, and the peak temperature Tp are 223.20 and 245.78°C, respectively. The kinetic equation of the exothermic decomposition process of BAMO/THF at 0.1 MPa could be expressed as: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \frac{{{\rm d}\alpha }}{{{\rm d}T}} = 10^{15.19} \left[{ - \ln (1 - \alpha)} \right]^{\frac{2}{3}} e^{ - 2.009 \times 10^4 /T} $\end{document}.
Synthesis and characterization of an unexpected asymmetric binuclear copper(I) complex containing 4‐vinyl‐pyridine
Authors: Jiang Kai , Zhao Dong , Guo Li‐Bing , Zhang Chuan‐Jian , Yang Rui‐Na
Published: September 2010

The asymmetric binuclear copper(I) complex [Cu2(dppm)2(C7H7N)(μ‐HCOO)](NO3) (dppm=Ph2PCH2PPh2, C7H7N=4‐vinyl‐pyridine) has been prepared and characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. The complex is photoluminescent at room temperature. It crystallizes in triclinic system, space groupP‐1 witha=1.2719(3) nm,b=1.8637(4) nm,c=1.1656(2) nm,a=97.16(3)°, β= 104.94(3)″, γ=89.39(3)°, V=2.648.1(9) nm3, Dc= 1.390 g.m−3, Z=2, μ=0.974 mm−1,R=0.0483 for 5716 independently observed reflections with I>2δ(I). The structure consists of [Cu2(dppm)2(C7H7N)(μ‐HCOO)]+cations and nitrate anions. The copper atoms show different coordination modes: Cu(1) displays a distorted trigonal and Cu(2) a tetrahedred geometry.
Synthesis, crystal structure and electrochemical property of 3a,4,5,8,9,9a,10,11‐Octahydro‐2H,3H‐1,6,7,12‐tetrathiaperylene (H10TTPR)
Authors: Shao Xiang‐Feng , Zhan Chuan‐Lang , Wang Cheng , Zhang De‐Qing , Xu Wei , Liu Cai‐Ming , Zhu Dao‐Ben
Published: September 2010

H10TTPR was prepared starting from terephthalaldehyde and characterized. Crystal structure of H10TTPR and an intermediate compound 11 were determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis. A quasi‐reversible redox wave at 1.15 V (vs. SCE) was observed for H10TTPR, indicating that it is a weak electron donor.
Stereoselective synthesis of (Z)‐5‐(Trideca‐4‐enyl)resorcinol and gibbilimbols A—D
Authors: Zhou Ling , Li Yang , Cao Xiao‐Ping
Published: September 2010

(Z)‐5–(Trideca‐4‐enyl)resorcinol (1) and gibbilimbols A—D (2–5) were synthesized in 47%‐60% yields over 6 steps from commercially available starting materials. The Wittig reaction of various alkyl phosphonium bromides with appropriate aldehydes in the presence of potassium ten‐butoxide (t‐BuOK) in anhydrous THF solution at room temperature served as the key step, and the result showed that only (Z)‐configuration olefins were formed by this procedure. The synthesis of the (Z)‐5‐(trideca‐4‐enyl)resorcinol (1) was reported for the first time.
Novel access to organostannane compounds under ultrasound irradiation
Authors: Zhao Zhi‐Quan , Sun Bin , Peng Li‐Zeng , Li Ying , Li Yu‐Lin
Published: September 2010

A simple and efficient procedure has been developed for the synthesis of organostannane compounds by one‐pot reaction of stannane halides, magnesium turnings and organic halides in the presence of 1,2‐dibromoethane under ultrasound irradiation.
Formation, isolation and characterization of a new ruthenium complex in reaction of acetone masked terminal alkynone with transfer hydrogenation catalyst
Authors: Guo Min‐Jie , Li Dao , Sun Yan‐Hui , Cheng Jiang , Zhang Zhao‐Guo
Published: September 2010

Reaction of [1S,2S‐(Ts‐diphen)Ru(II)(p‐cymene)] (1S,2S‐Ts‐diphen = 1S,2S‐N‐tosyl‐l,2‐diphenylethylenediamine) and 2‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐non‐3‐yn‐5‐one under transfer hydrogenation condition gave a ruthenium complex bearing a 2,5‐dihydrofuran moiety. The complex was characterized and a possible mechanism for the formation of the complex was proposed.
Stereoselective synthesis of 1,3‐enynylstannanes via palladium catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions of (Z)‐α‐bromovinylstannanes
Authors: Cai Ming‐Zhong , Zhang Rong‐Li , Zhao Hong
Published: September 2010

Based on the different reactivity of stannyl and bromo groups, (Z)‐α‐bromovinylstannanes can undergo the cross‐coupling reaction with alkynyl Grignard reagents in the presence of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(O) catalyst in THF at room temperature to afford stereoselectively 1,3‐enynylstannanes in good yields.
Synthesis of novel 1,3‐dioxolane nucleoside analogues
Authors: Cai Dong‐Mei , Lin Kun‐Hua , Li Mirtg‐Zong , Wen Ji‐Wu , Li Hong‐Yan , You Tian‐Pa
Published: September 2010

Novel 1,3‐dioxolane C‐nucleoside analogues of tiazofurin 2‐(2‐hydroxymethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl)‐l,3‐thiazole‐4‐carboxamide as well as N‐nucleoside analogues of substituted imidazoles 1‐(2‐hydroxymethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl)‐4‐nitroimidazole and 1‐(2‐hydroxymethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl)‐4,5‐dicyanoimidazole were synthesized from methyl acrylate through a multistep procedure. Their structures were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectra and elemental analysis.
Ammonium chloride promoted palladium‐catalyzed Ullmann coupling of aryl bromide
Authors: Li Jin‐Heng , Liang Yun , Liu Wen‐Jie , Tang Shi , Xie Ye‐Xiang
Published: September 2010

In water, ammonium chloride was found to promote palladium‐catalyzed Ullmann coupling reactions of aryl bromides. In the presence of Pd/C, zinc, NH4Cl, and water, coupling of various aryl bromides was carried out smoothly to afford the corresponding homocoupling products in moderate yields.
Non‐isothermal kinetics of the dehydration process of Na2MoO4·2H2O
Authors: Zhang Jian‐Jun , Zhang Xiu‐Fang , Wu Ke‐Zhong , Ren Ning , Zhou Xue , Liu Xiao‐Di
Published: September 2010

The dehydration process of Na2MoO4·2H2O and its kinetics have been studied by TG‐DTG. Using Malek method, SB(m,n) was defined as the kinetic model of the dehydration process. The corresponding kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were obtained.
A new kinetic method of processing TA data
Authors: Zhang Jian‐Jun , Ren Ning
Published: September 2010

A new method of investigating the kinetic parameters and mechanism functions of a solid phase reaction is presented. This method is to analyze the data based on the use of these data at the same temperature and the same degree of conversion on a series of TA curves with different heating rates, so that the kinetic triplet–‐the activation energy E, the pre‐exponential factor A and the analytical form of the function of conversion f (α) can be obtained. The main advantage of this method is that the values of E and f(α) are obtained respectively, and the determination of f (α) is not under the influence of the value of E and the calculation of the value of E is not influenced by the f (α) either.
Naphthalene Degradation Kinetics of Micrococcus sp., Isolated from Activated Sludge
Authors: Jegan Josephraj , Vijayaraghavan Kuppusamy , Senthilkumar Ramalingham , Velan Manickam
Published: September 2010

Biodegradation of naphthalene by Micrococcus sp., isolated from the effluent of an activated sludge plant, was studied. The effects of pH (5–8), glucose concentration (100–1000 mg/L) and inoculum concentrations (1–5%) on the growth and naphthalene degradation potential of Micrococcus sp. were investigated. Maximum naphthalene degradation and subsequent high microbial growth were observed at optimum pH (pH 7), glucose concentration (500 mg/L) and inoculum concentration (3%). To investigate the maximum naphthalene tolerance potential of Micrococcus sp., very high concentrations of naphthalene (500–5000 mg/L) were used in the presence of non‐ionic surfactants. The examined surfactants (Triton X‐100 and Tween‐80) increased the bioavailability of naphthalene to the microbes and Complete naphthalene degradation by Micrococcus sp. was observed at an initial naphthalene concentration of 500 mg/L. However, the degradation potential decreases as the naphthalene concentration increases. Very high naphthalene concentrations also affected the growth of microbes and the corresponding substrate inhibition kinetics was described using four models (Haldane, Webb, Edward and Aiba). Based on correlation coefficient and percentage error values, all four substrate kinetic models were able to describe the dynamic behavior of naphthalene biodegradation by Micrococcus sp.
Equilibrium, Thermodynamic, and Kinetic Studies on Lead (II) Biosorption from Aqueous Solution by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biomass
Authors: Ghaedi Mehrorang , Ghezelbash Gholam Reza , Marahel Farzaneh , Ehsanipour Shiva , Najibi Asma , Soylak Mustafa
Published: September 2010

This paper presents a biosorption procedure for the preconcentration of Pb2+ ions using Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass. The influence of several factors including pH, biomass dosage, contact time, and temperature on biosorption efficiency were optimized. At optimum value of all the equilibrium, thermodynamic, and kinetic parameters of Pb2+ ion biosorption was investigated by testing the Langmuir and Freundlich models and first and second order kinetic models were applied. The biosorption capacity of S. cerevisiae biomass was determined 89.6 mg/g, while the retained Pb2+ ions by S. cerevisiae were reversibly eluted using 5 mol/L HNO3. Due to the high stability of S. cerevisiae the applied biomass can be used successively ten times with a slightly decrease (about 20%) in the recovery of Pb2+ ions. The calculated thermodynamic parameters, ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° showed that the biosorption of Pb2+ ion onto S. cerevisiae biomass was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic under examined conditions. The results of kinetic analysis showed that the biosorption processes of Pb2+ ions onto S. cerevisiae biomass followed pseudo second order kinetics.
Isotherm Study of Phosphorus Uptake from Aqueous Solution Using Aluminum Oxide
Authors: Zhang Liang , Hong Song , He Jing , Gan Fuxing , Ho Yuh‐Shan
Published: September 2010

Aluminum oxide, which could be an alternative filter media for phosphorus uptake from aqueous solution, was selected as an adsorbent for the isotherm study of phosphorus uptake from aqueous solution. Batch method was adopted to investigate the adsorption behavior of phosphorus onto aluminum oxide. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich–Peterson isotherms were used to analyze the experimental data by both the linear and nonlinear regression methods. The adsorption experiment was conducted at various temperatures, to choose the appropriate method and obtain the creditable adsorption parameters for phosphorus uptake studies. The results indicated that the nonlinear regression method might be a better way to compare the best‐fitting isotherm and obtain the parameters for the adsorption of phosphorus onto aluminum oxide. Both the Redlich–Peterson and the Freundlich isotherms have high coefficients of determination for the adsorption of phosphorus onto aluminum oxide at various temperatures. In addition, a new relationship between the Redlich–Peterson and the Freundlich isotherm parameters was presented.
Clinical and molecular features of papillary thyroid cancer in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Vriens Menno R. , Moses Willieford , Weng Julie , Peng Miao , Griffin Ann , Bleyer Archie , Pollock Brad H , Indelicato Daniel J. , Hwang Jimmy , Kebebew Electron
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND:

Age disparities in thyroid cancer incidence and outcome among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with thyroid cancer are under reported. In this study, the authors compared the molecular and clinical features of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in AYAs with the same features among patients in other age groups.

METHODS:

One thousand eleven patients underwent initial treatment for PTC at the University of California at San Francisco. Patients were subdivided into 2 age groups: ages 15 to 39 years (the AYA group) and aged ≥40 years. Demographic, clinical, and survival data in the cohort also were compared with data from the National Cancer Instsitute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. In a subset of the study cohort, the primary tumors were analyzed by genome‐wide expression analyses, genotyping for common somatic mutations, and pathway‐specific gene expression arrays between the age groups.

RESULTS:

The percentage of women and the lymph node metastasis rate were significantly higher in the AYA group. In the AYA group, the rate of distant metastasis was lower. Disease‐free survival and median overall survival were significantly higher in the AYA group. The better survival in AYA patients also was apparent in the national SEER data. An unsupervised cluster analysis of gene expression data revealed no distinct clustering by age in 96 PTC samples. The frequency and type of somatic mutations in the primary tumors did not differ significantly between age groups (the AYA group vs the group aged ≥40 years). Six genes (extracellular matrix protein 1 [ECM1], v‐erb‐2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 [ERBB2], urinary plasminogen activator [UPA], 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2,6‐biphosphatase 2 [PFKFB2], meis homeobox 2 [MEIS2], and carbonic anhydrase II [CA2]) had significant differential expression between age groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

The extent of disease at presentation and the survival of patients with PTC differed between AYAs and older patients. The current results indicated that these differences may be caused by several candidate genes and that these genes are expressed differentially and may play an important role in tumor cell biology. However, no distinct gene expression profiles exist for patients with PTC that distinguish between AYAs and patients aged ≥40 years. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Suicide in patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Turaga Kiran K. , Malafa Mokenge P. , Jacobsen Paul B. , Schell Michael J. , Sarr Michael G.
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND:

Depression is highly prevalent in patients with pancreatic cancer and can result in fatal outcomes from suicides. The authors report suicide rates among patients with pancreatic cancer in the United States and identify factors associated with greater suicide rates.

METHODS:

The current study reviewed data in the SEER database for patients diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma from 1995‐2005. Logistic regression models were used to perform multivariate modeling for factors associated with suicide, while Kaplan‐Meier analysis was used to assess factors affecting survival.

RESULTS:

Among 36,221 patients followed for 22,145 person‐years, the suicide rate was 135.4 per 100,000 person‐years. The corresponding rate in the US population aged 65‐74 years was 12.5 per 100,000 person‐years, with a Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) of 10.8 (95% CI, 9.2‐12.7). Greater suicide rates were noted in males (Odds Ratio (OR) 13.5 [95% CI, 3.2‐56.9, P < .001]) and, among males, in patients undergoing an operative intervention (OR 2.5 [95% CI, 1.0‐6.5, P = .05]). Married men had a lesser risk of committing suicide (OR 0.3 [95% CI, 0.1‐0.6, P = .002]). Median survival among patients undergoing operative intervention was 2 months for those who committed suicide compared with 10 months for those who did not commit suicide.

CONCLUSIONS:

Male patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma have a risk of suicide nearly 11 times that of the general population. Patients who undergo an operative intervention are more likely to commit suicide, generally in the early postoperative period. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Quality assessment and improvement in diabetes care—an issue now and for the future
Authors: Sun Zi‐lin
Published: September 2010

Damin and colleagues in this issue of DMRR Assessing quality of diabetes care and its variation in Aboriginal community health centres in Australia reviewed the quality of diabetes care and its variation among Aboriginal community health centres. They assessed partitioning of variation attributable to health centre and individual patient characteristics. The results demonstrated wide variation across different categories of diabetes care measures and across centres. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MMP‐2 contributes to the development of the mouse ventral prostate by impacting epithelial growth and morphogenesis
Authors: Bruni‐Cardoso Alexandre , Lynch Conor C. , Rosa‐Ribeiro Rafaela , Matrisian Lynn M. , Carvalho Hernandes F.
Published: September 2010

Epithelial growth, branching, and canalization are important morphogenetic events of the rodent ventral prostate (VP) that take place during the first postnatal week. In this study, we evaluated the effect of knocking out MMP‐2 (MMP‐2−/−), by examining developmental and structural aspects of the VP in MMP‐2−/− mice. Neonate (day 6) MMP‐2−/− mice showed fewer epithelial tips, a lower epithelial cell proliferation rate, and also reticulin fiber accumulation. The VP of adult MMP‐2−/− mice showed lower relative weight, smaller epithelial and smooth‐muscle cell volume, and a larger amount of thicker reticulin fibers. No differences in cell proliferation or apoptotic index were noted between adult MMP‐2−/− and wild‐type mice. MMP‐9 was found in the adult MMP‐2−/−, but not in the wild‐type. In conclusion, MMP‐2 function is essential for the epithelial morphogenesis of the mouse VP, and expression of MMP‐9 is not sufficient for acquisition of the normal adult histology. Developmental Dynamics 239:2386–2392, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of an electrohydraulic total artificial heart system: Improvement of pump unit
Authors: Homma Akihiko , Taenaka Yoshiyuki , Tatsumi Eisuke , Takewa Yoshiaki , Mizuno Toshihide , Shioya Kyoko , Lee Hwan Sung , Tsukiya Tomonori , Kakuta Yukihide , Katagiri Nobumasa , Nishinaka Tomohiro , Koshiji Kohji
Published: September 2010

An electrohydraulic total artificial heart (EHTAH) system has been developed. The EHTAH system consists of diaphragm‐type blood pumps, and electrohydraulic actuator, an internal control unit, a transcutaneous energy transfer system (TETS), a transcutaneous optical telemetry system (TOTS), and an internal battery. The reciprocating rotation of the impeller generates oil pressure that drives the blood pumps at alternating intervals. The blood pumps and the actuator were successfully integrated into the pump unit without oil conduits. As a result of miniaturizing the blood pumps and the actuator, the displacement volume and weight of the EHTAH system were decreased to 872 ml and 2492 g, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum flow rate and efficiency increased up to 12 L/min and 15.4%. The pump units and the EHTAH systems were successfully implanted in 36 calves weighing from 55 to 87 kg. In the longest case, a calf with the pump unit survived for 87 days and a calf with the EHTAH system survived for 70 days. The EHTAH system was powered by the TETS, and was powered every day by the internal battery for 40 minutes. These results indicate that the EHTAH system has the potential to become a fully implantable cardiac replacement system. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(9): 34–46, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10220
Transmission analysis of electromagnetic induction RFID system
Authors: Hirata Katsuhiro , Hamamoto Kentaro , Mitsutake Yoshio , Ota Tomohiro , Yamana Masahito
Published: September 2010

The transmission characteristics of the electromagnetic induction RFID systems are greatly influenced by the distance between the primary and secondary antenna coils and by the materials used in their design. In this paper the induced current of the secondary antenna coil is calculated by the 3D finite element method when both the primary and secondary antenna coils are operated in resonant circuits. The influences of the analyzed parameters on the transmission characteristics are demonstrated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 173(4): 38–45, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21019
Study of shunt type SFCL equipped with electromagnetic repulsion switch for large capacity
Authors: Endo Mikihiko , Koyama Tomonori , Takahashi Yousuke , Kaiho Katsuyuki , Yanabu Satoru
Published: September 2010

Using a high‐temperature superconductor, we constructed and tested a model Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL). The SFCL that we proposed has a vacuum interrupter with electromagnetic repulsion mechanism. We set out to construct a high‐voltage‐class SFCL. We produced an electromagnetic repulsion switch equipped with a 24‐kV vacuum interrupter (VI). However, the opening speed becomes slower, because the larger vacuum interrupter needs a heavier‐weight contact. For this reason, the current which flows in a superconductor may not be interruptible within a half cycle of current. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to change the design of the coil connected in parallel and to strengthen the electromagnetic repulsion force at the time of opening the vacuum interrupter. Thus, the design of the coil was changed, and in order to examine whether the problem is solvable, a current limiting test was conducted. We carried out a current limiting test using second‐generation (2G) HTS wire. The element used in this experiment has a stainless steel stabilizer on both sides of the wire. In the experiment we succeeded in interrupting the current of a superconductor within a half cycle. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 173(4): 20–27, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21039
Estimation of system voltage sag profile using recorded sag data
Authors: Tanaka Kazuyuki , Sakashita Tadashi
Published: September 2010

The influence of voltage sags on electrical equipment has become a major issue because of the widespread use of voltage‐sensitive devices. In order to reduce the influence of voltage sags at each customer's site, it is necessary to identify the drop in receiving voltage due to lightning strikes on transmission lines. However, it is hard to directly measure the sag level at every load node.

In this report, a new method of efficiently estimating the system voltage sag profile is proposed, based on symmetrical coordinates. In the proposed method, limited sag data recorded at each substation in the power system are used for the estimation. Since the number of recorded nodes is generally far less than the number on the transmission route, a fast method is developed to calculate only the recorded faulted voltage by applying the reciprocity theorem for the Y‐matrix. Furthermore, an effective screening process is used to select limited candidates for the faulted transmission line.

Results using the IEEJ East10 standard system and actual 1700 bus system are presented, showing that the estimation accuracy is sufficiently acceptable with lower computational effort. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 173(4): 9–19, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21061
A Triple‐Decker Heptadecanuclear (CuII)15(CrIII)2 Complex Assembled from Pentanuclear Metallacrowns
Authors: Pavlishchuk Anna V. , Kolotilov Sergey V. , Zeller Matthias , Thompson Laurence K. , Fritsky Igor O. , Addison Anthony W. , Hunter Allen D.
Published: September 2010

Reaction of the pentanuclear CuII metallacrown [Cu5(ahpha)4](ClO4)·4H2O (ahpha2– is the dianion of 3‐amino‐3‐(hydroximino)propanehydroxamic acid), with Cr(C2O4)33– led to the formation of a heptadecanuclear complex {[Cu5(ahpha)4]3[Cr(C2O4)3]2·4H2O}·8H2O·1/3(DMF) (1·8H2O·1/3(DMF)). This compound contains three stacked Cu5(ahpha)42+ building blocks, linked by axial bonds between Cu2+ ions of one Cu5 metallacrown and hydroxamate oxygen atoms of the neighboring Cu5 unit. Two Cr(C2O4)33– anions are bonded to the two lateral Cu5(ahpha)42+ cations through axial Cu–O(oxalate) bonds. The formation of 1 may be considered the first example of metallacrown trimerization caused by anion metathesis. The compound contains 10 × 13 Å voids (about 25 % of crystal volume), filled with solvate water molecules. The magnetic properties (χMT vs. T) could be fitted as the superposition of the magnetism of 3χMT(CuII5) and 2χMT(CrIII). Exchange interactions within the CuII5 units were fit in the framework of a model based on the Hamiltonian H(CuII5) = –2J1(S1.S5 + S2.S5 + S3.S5 + S4.S5) –2J2(S1.S2 + S2.S3 + S3.S4 + S4.S1), where S5 represents the central Cu2+ ions' spins and the other spin operators correspond to the peripheral Cu2+ ions. With other possible interactions taken into account using a molecular field approach, the best fit correspondedto J1 = –153(5) cm–1, J2 = –71(2) cm–1 and zJ′ = –0.058(4) cm–1.
Photoinduced and thermal oxidation of rapeseed and sunflower oils
Authors: Gromadzka Justyna , Wardencki Waldemar , Pawłowicz Roman , Muszyński Grzegorz
Published: September 2010

The aim of the present study was to compare oxidative stability of different sunflower and rapeseed oils. Ultra violet (UV) irradiation was used as an accelerator of the oil oxidation process. After UV irradiation, the formed volatile compounds were extracted by headspace solid‐phase microextraction HS‐SPME (DVB/CAR/PDMS fibre) and analysed by gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector (GC/FID). At the same time, the same oil samples were thermally oxidized. The induction periods were determined on the basis of hexanal to 2‐trans‐nonenal ratio in the analysed samples. Finally, the obtained results were compared with induction period values obtained through the determination of peroxide and anisidine values, and from the Rancimat method, manostatic test and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. The results obtained using the new method were well correlated with those achieved with the well‐established analytical techniques. The values of the induction period obtained after UV/HS‐SPME/GC/FID were up to three times higher than those from Rancimat, but the correlation between these two methods was on a very good level (correlation coefficient R>0.98). Similar correlation was also observed between these new methods and the DSC or manostatic test. In all cases, better results were obtained for rapeseed oils than sunflower oils.
Baking performance of palm diacylglycerol bakery fats and sensory evaluation of baked products
Authors: Cheong Ling‐Zhi , Tan Chin‐Ping , Long Kamariah , Idris Nor Aini , Yusoff Mohd. Suria Affandi , Lai Oi‐Ming
Published: September 2010

Baking performance of palm diacylglycerol (PDG)‐enriched fats was evaluated and compared with that of commercial bakery fats. PDG‐enriched shortenings were found to produce cakes with significantly (p<0.05) higher mean values for specific volume than that produced from commercial shortening. As for PDG‐enriched margarines, cookies prepared from PDG‐enriched margarines were found to have reduction in cookies spread as compared to that of commercial shortening. Nevertheless, this reduction was not statistically significant. Sensory evaluation of the baked products was also conducted. Both trained and untrained panelists rated cakes prepared from PDG‐enriched shortenings as having higher moistness, softer, and airier texture than that of commercial shortening. This is in agreement with findings from principal component analysis (PCA). As for cookies, both trained and untrained panelists rated cookies prepared from PDG‐enriched margarines as having softer texture and compactness compared to that prepared from commercial margarine.
Isolation of keratinase from bacterial isolates of poultry soil for waste degradation
Authors: Desai Savitha S. , Hegde Swati , Inamdar Preeti , Sake Nagaraj , Aravind M. S.
Published: September 2010

Isolation of two keratinolytic bacterial strains from poultry soil as well as purification and properties of keratinase were investigated. Isolates were designated as KI8101 and KI8102 (KI, keratin isolates) and were identified as Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis respectively. The purified enzyme from KI8102 exhibited a high specific activity of 500 U/mg with 71‐fold purification and 41% yield. SDS‐PAGE analysis indicated that the purified keratinase had a molecular mass of 32 kDa. The optimum temperature and pH were 50°C and 7.5, respectively. Its Km was 83.3 μM and Vmax was 71.4 μmol/mL min. The bacterium could potentially degrade keratin waste such as human hair, nails, bovine hair and wool. Therefore, the enzyme could improve the nutritional value of meat and poultry‐processing waste containing keratin and could be a potential candidate for biotechnological processing involving keratin hydrolysis.
Effect of hysteretic smoothness on inelastic response spectra with constant‐ductility
Authors: Song Jong‐Keol , Gavin Henri P.
Published: September 2010

This paper presents an efficient methodology for computing constant‐ductility inelastic response spectra. The computation of constant‐ductility spectra involves numerical root‐finding algorithms to find the strongest structure providing a desired ductility response. Smooth inelastic structural behavior is modeled using a first‐order nonlinear differential equation and the transient structural response is solved using an implicit algorithm requiring Newton iterations at each time step. For structural models with smooth hysteretic behavior (not piece‐wise linear), a simple root‐finding method involving a combination of hyperbolic fits, linear interpolation, and Newton's method converges upon the highest strength (conservative) solution with a small number of iterations. The effect of the hysteretic smoothness on the occurrence of multiple roots is examined for two near‐fault and two far‐fault earthquake records, and for two measures of ductility and for normalized hysteretic energy. The results indicate how the smoothness of the hysteretic behavior affects ductility demand and constant‐ductility response spectra. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dementia services in Australia
Authors: Brodaty Henry , Cumming Anne
Published: September 2010

Aim

To describe dementia services in Australia.

Method

Limited review of current government policies and relevant papers.

Results

Australians with dementia, currently estimated at 220 000, are expected to number 1.13 million by 2050. In response, Commonwealth and State Australian governments have developed comprehensive plans and systems including expansion of community care services and packages, improvement in quality of residential care and initiatives to address behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Alzheimer's Australia, which continues to be a powerful advocate for improvement in services, has pioneered a prevention programme to delay dementia onset.

Conclusion

Further developments should aim to increase awareness, reduce stigma, enhance carer support improve timely diagnosis and support for special population groups, notably those from Indigenous and non‐English speaking communities and those with younger onset dementia and correct relative underfunding for dementia research. Dementia care in Australia is well developed but gaps remain. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Repeated radiofrequency ablation for management of patients with cirrhosis with small hepatocellular carcinomas: A long-term cohort study
Authors: Rossi Sandro , Ravetta Valentina , Rosa Laura , Ghittoni Giorgia , Viera Francesca Torello , Garbagnati Francesco , Silini Enrico Maria , Dionigi Paolo , Calliada Fabrizio , Quaretti Pietro , Tinelli Carmine
Published: September 2010

In most patients with cirrhosis, successful percutaneous ablation or surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is followed by recurrence. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has proven effective for treating HCC nodules, but its repeatability in managing recurrences and the impact of this approach on survival has not been evaluated. To this end, we retrospectively analyzed a prospective series of 706 patients with cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class ≤B7) who underwent RFA for 859 HCC ≤35 mm in diameter (1-2 per patient). The results of RFA were classified as complete responses (CRs) or treatment failures. CRs were obtained in 849 nodules (98.8%) and 696 patients (98.5%). During follow-up (median, 29 months), 465 (66.8%) of the 696 patients with CRs experienced a first recurrence at an incidence rate of 41 per 100 person-years (local recurrence 6.2; nonlocal 35). Cumulative incidences of first recurrence at 3 and 5 years were 70.8% and 81.7%, respectively. RFA was repeated in 323 (69.4%) of the 465 patients with first recurrence, restoring disease-free status in 318 (98.4%) cases. Subsequently, RFA was repeated in 147 (65.9%) of the 223 patients who developed a second recurrence after CR of the first, restoring disease-free status in 145 (98.6%) cases. Overall, there were 877 episodes of recurrence (1-8 per patient); 577 (65.8%) of these underwent RFA that achieved CRs in 557 (96.5%) cases. No procedure-related deaths occurred in 1,921 RFA sessions. Estimated 3- and 5-year overall and disease-free (after repeated RFAs) survival rates were 67.0% and 40.1% and 68.0 and 38.0%, respectively.

Conclusion:

RFA is safe and effective for managing HCC in patients with cirrhosis, and its high repeatability makes it particularly valuable for controlling intrahepatic recurrences. (Hepatology 2011)