bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal stem cell treatment for refractory pediatric rheumatic diseases: A single center case series
Authors: Wong Stephen Chee-Yung , Medrano Leah C , Hoftman Alice D , Jones Olcay Y , McCurdy Deborah K
Published: July 2020

Background:Pediatric rheumatic disease treatment has seen a surge in innovative therapies including numerous biologic medications that show great potential. Yet, many children with advanced disease are not able to reach remission on available treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells have immunomodulatory properties, and transplantation of these stem cells have been used to successfully treat immunologic conditions like graft-versus-host disease. Mesenchymal stem cell research in adult lupus has been encouraging, but there is a lack of studies in pediatric rheumatology. This retrospective case series will highlight three children with refractory autoimmune disease who received mesenchymal stem cell therapy and review the potential benefits and risks of this emerging treatment modality.Case Presentation:Three children with established diagnoses of systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue disease and juvenile idiopathic arthritis were under the care of pediatric rheumatology at a large, tertiary-care, teaching institution for many years. Multiple non-biologic and biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs failed to significantly decrease disease activity, and as a result, the families chose to undergo mesenchymal stem cell therapy. After transplantation, all children improved and were able to taper off conventional immunosuppressive drugs. No serious adverse events occurred. Conclusion:The three cases presented in this study reflect comparable beneficial outcomes and minimal risks published in adult studies. Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is a promising adjunctive treatment option that necessitates further research and development of standardized infusion therapy protocols.
Association of Bone Marrow Lesion Localisation with Weight Bearing Pain in People with Knee Osteoarthritis: Data From The Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Aso Koji , Shahtaheri Seyed Mohsen , McWilliams Daniel F. , Walsh David A.
Published: July 2020

Background: Subchondral bone marrow lesions (BMLs) detected on MRI in knee osteoarthritis (OA) are associated with knee pain. The prevalence and progression of BMLs are increased by mechanical knee load. However, associations of BML location with weight-bearing knee pain are currently unknown. In this study, we aim to demonstrate associations of BML location with weight-bearing knee pain in knee OA.Methods: We analyzed 1412 and 582 varus knees from cross-sectional and longitudinal Osteoarthritis Initiative datasets, respectively. BML scores were analysed for 5 anatomical regions (median and lateral femorotibial, medial and lateral patellofemoral, and subspinous). Weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing pain scores were derived from WOMAC pain items. Correlation and negative binomial regression models were used for analysis of associations between the BML scores and pain at baseline, and changes in the BML scores and changes in pain after 24-month follow up.Results: Greater BML scores at medial femorotibial and lateral patellofemoral compartments were associated with total and weight-bearing pain scores, and statistical significance was retained after adjusting for BML scores at the other 4 joint compartments and other OA features, as well as for non-weight-bearing pain, age, sex and Body Mass Index (BMI) (femorotibial; B=0.08 (95%CI, 0.01-0.09) p=0.02, patellofemoral; B=0.13 (95%CI, 0.03-0.23) p=0.01). BML scores were not significantly associated with non-weight-bearing pain after adjustment for weightbearing pain and other demographic and OA features. Change over 24 months in BML score in the medial femorotibial compartment was significantly associated with change in weight-bearing pain after adjusting for non-weight-bearing pain, age, sex, baseline weight-bearing pain, BMI, and BML at the other 4 joint compartments (B=0.10 (95%CI, 0.02-0.18) p=0.01). Conclusions: BML size at the medial femorotibial joint compartment was specifically associated with the severity and the change in weight-bearing pain, independent of non-weight-bearing pain, in knee OA. Specific associations of weight-bearing pain with BMLs in weight-bearing compartments of the knee indicate that BMLs in subchondral bone contribute to biomechanically-induced OA pain.
Effects of Particulate Matter on Healthy Skin: A Comparative Study Between High and Low-particulate Matter Periods
Authors: Oh Se Jin , Yoon Dokyoung , Park Ji-Hye , Lee Jong Hee
Published: July 2020

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Safe Behaviour in the Petrochemical Industry: Evaluating the Consistency Between Conceptual Frameworks and Factors Reported by Iranian Workers
Authors: Harsini Azita Zahiri , Bohle Philip , Matthews Lynda R , Ghofranipour Fazlollah , Sanaeinasab Hormoz , Shokravi Farkhondeh Amin , Prasad Krishan
Published: July 2020

Background: Unsafe worker behaviour is often identified as a major cause of dangerous incidents in the petrochemical industry. Behavioural safety models provide frameworks that may help to prevent such incidents by identifying factors promoting safe or unsafe behaviour. A literature review was conducted to identify models of safe behaviour and determine which were most consistent with the experiences reported by workers in our qualitative study of the Iranian petrochemical industry.Methods: Five databases (EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Science Direct, Scopus) were searched for studies between 2000 and 2019 that evaluated antecedents and outcomes of safe workplace behaviours in the petrochemical industry or other industrial settings. After duplications were removed, 141 publications were screened and 31 that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Constructs described in each publication were assessed for consistency with themes derived from the interview responses from Iranian petrochemical workers in the qualitative study: poor direct safety management and supervision; unsafe workplace conditions; workers' perceptions, skills and training; and broader organisational factors. Results: The themes identified in the qualitative study most closely matched those in the model described by Wu et al. (2011): poor direct safety management and supervision matched with safety leadership and several subscales; unsafe workplace conditions matched with several subscales; workers' perceptions, skills and training matched with two subscales, and broader organisational factors matched with two other subscales. The model selected was the one that included the most constructs matching the themes identified in the qualitative study.Conclusions: Valid behavioural safety models can provide a basis for more effective safety cultures and management systems in selected contexts. This study identified most consistency between themes elicited from Iranian petrochemical workers and the constructs described by Wu et al. (2011), providing evidence of the validity of their model. Intervention studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of safety models in improving safe behaviours in industrial settings.Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20170515033981N2. Registered 19 June 2018, https://www.irct.ir/trial/26107.
Exosomal LncRNA–NEAT1 Derived From MIF-Treated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protected Against Doxorubicin-induced Cardiac Senescence Through Sponging miR-221-3p
Authors: Zhuang Lei , Xia Wenzheng , Chen Didi , Ye Yijia , Hu Tingting , Li Shiting , Hou Meng
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (Dox) is widely used for treating a variety of cancers. However, its high cardiotoxicity hampered its clinical use. Exosomes derived from stem cells showed a therapeutic effect against Dox-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC). Previous studies reported that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) pretreated with macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) (exosomeMIF) showed a cardioprotective effect through modulating long noncoding RNAs/microRNAs (lncRNAs/miRs). This study aimed to investigate the role of exosomeMIF in the treatment of DIC.ResultsExosomes were isolated from control MSCs (exosome) and MIF-pretreated MSCs (exosomeMIF). Regulatory lncRNAs activated by MIF pretreatment were explored using genomics approaches. Fluorescence-labeled exosomes were tracked in vitro by fluorescence imaging. In vivo and in vitro, miR-221-3p mimic transfection enforced miR-221-3p overexpression, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase assay was applied to test cellular senescence. Exosomal delivering LncRNA-NEAT1 induced therapeutic effect in vivo was confirmed by echocardiography. It demonstrated that exosomesMIF recovered the cardiac function and exerted the anti-senescent effect through LncRNA–NEAT1 transfer against Dox. TargetScan and luciferase assay showed that miR-221-3p targeted the Sirt2 3'-untranslated region. Silencing LncRNA–NEAT1 in MSCs, miR-221-3p overexpression or Sirt2 silencing in cardiomyocytes decreased the exosomeMIF-induced anti-senescent effect against Dox.ConclusionsThe results indicated exosomeMIF serving as a promising anti-senescent effector against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity through LncRNA–NEAT1 transfer, thus inhibiting miR-221-3p and leading to Sirt2 activation. The study proposed that exosomeMIF might have the potential to serve as a cardioprotective therapeutic agent during cancer chemotherapy.
Directional divergence of EP300 duplicates in teleosts and its implications
Authors: Wang Xianzong , Yan Junli
Published: July 2020

Background: EP300 is a conserved protein in vertebrates, which serves as a key mediator of cellular homeostasis. Mutations and dysregulation of EP300 give rise to severe human developmental disorders and malignancy. Danio rerio is a promising model organism to study EP300 related diseases and drugs; however, the effect of EP300 duplicates derived from teleost-specific whole genome duplication should not just be neglected. Results: In this study, we obtained EP300 protein sequences of representative teleosts, mammals and sauropsids, with which we inferred a highly supported maximum likelihood tree. We observed that EP300 duplicates (EP300a and EP300b) were wildly retained in teleosts and universally expressed in a variety of tissues. Consensus sequences of EP300a and EP300b had exactly the same distribution of conserved domains, suggesting that their functions should be still largely overlapped. We analyzed molecular evolution of EP300 duplicates in teleosts, using branch-site models, clade models and site models. The results showed that both duplicates were subject to strong positive selection; however, for an extant species, generally at most one copy was under positive selection. At clade level, there was evident positive correlation between evolutionary rates, number of positively selected sites and gene expression levels. In Ostariophysi, EP300a were under stronger positive selection than EP300b; in Neoteleostei, another species-rich teleost clade, the contrary was the case. We also modeled 3D structures of zf-TAZ domain and its flanking regions of EP300a and EP300b of D. rerio and Oryzias latipes and found that in either species the faster evolving copy had more short helixes. Conclusions: Collectively, the two copies of EP300 have undoubtedly experienced directional divergence in main teleost clades. The divergence of EP300 between teleosts and mammals should be greater than divergence between different teleost clades. Further studies are needed to clarify to what extent the EP300 involved regulation network has diverged between teleosts and mammals, which would also be helpful to explain the huge success of teleosts.
Acute acalculous cholecystitis on a COVID-19 patient: a case report
Authors: Mattone Edoardo , Sofia Maria , Schembari Elena , Palumbo Valentina , Bonaccorso Rosario , Randazzo Valentina , Greca Gaetano La , Iacobello Carmelo , Russello Domenico , Latteri Saverio
Published: July 2020

Background
coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has spread to several countries around the world and has become an unprecedented pandemic. We report an extremely rare case of acute acalculous cholecystitis on a COVID-19 patient. In our knowledge, this is the first report of laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed on a COVID-19 patient.
Case presentation:
a COVID-19 patient was diagnosed with acute acalculous cholecystitis and a multidisciplinary team decided to perform a percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) as the first treatment. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not found in the bile fluid. Because of deterioration of the patient’s clinical conditions, laparoscopic cholecystectomy had to be performed and since the gallbladder was gangrenous, the severe inflammation made surgery difficult to perform.
Conclusions
acalculous cholecystitis was related with mechanical ventilation and prolonged total parenteral nutrition, in this case the gangrenous histopathology pattern and the gallbladder wall ischemia was probably caused by vascular insufficiency secondary to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome of COVID-19 pneumonia. The percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTBD) was performed according to Tokyo Guidelines because of high surgical risk. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was next performed due to no clinical improvement. The absence of viral RNA in the bile highlights that SARS-CoV-2 is not eliminated with the bile while it probably infects small intestinal enterocytes which is responsible of gastrointestinal symptoms such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Although the lack of evidence and guidelines about the management of patient with acute cholecystitis during COVID-19 pandemic, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, at most preceded by PTGBD on high surgical risk patients, remains the gold standard for the treatment of acute cholecystitis on COVID-19 patients.
Clinical-pathological features and treatment of acute appendicitis in the very elderly: an interim analysis of the FRAILESEL Italian Multicentre Prospective Study
Authors: Fransvea Pietro , Fico Valeria , Cozza Valerio , Costa Gianluca , Lepre Luca , Mercantini Paolo , Greca Antonio La , Sganga Gabriele
Published: July 2020

Background
emergency abdominal surgery in the elderly represents a global issue. Diagnosis of AA in old patients is often more difficult. Appendectomy remains the gold standard of treatment and, even though it is performed almost exclusively with a minimally invasive technique, it can still represent a great risk for the elderly patient, especially above 80 years of age. A careful selection of elderly patients to be directed to surgery is therefore fundamental. The primary aim was to critically appraise and compare the clinical-pathological characteristics and the outcomes between oldest old (≥ 80 years) and elderly (65–79 years) patients with Acute Appendicitis (AA).
Methods
The FRAILESEL is a large, nationwide, multicenter, prospective study investigating the perioperative outcomes of patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent emergency abdominal surgery. Particular focus has been directed to the clinical and biochemical presentation as well as to the need for operative procedures, type of surgical approach, morbidity and mortality, and in-hospital length of stay. Two multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess perioperative risk factors for morbidity and mortality.
Results
182 patients fulfilled the inclusions criteria. Mean age, ileocecal resection, OAD and ASA score ≥ 3 were related with both overall and major complication. The multivariate analysis showed that MPI and complicated appendicitis were independently factors associated with overall complications. OAD and ASA score ≥ 3 were independently factors for both overall and major complications.
Conclusions
age ≥ 80 years is not an independent risk factor for morbidities. POCUS is safe and effective for the diagnosis; however, a CECT is often needed Having the oldest old a smaller functional organ reserve, an earlier intervention is needed, especially because they required greater rate of major resection.
Analysis of Taiwan’s English Curriculum and Teaching Materials from the Perspective of English as a Lingua Franca
Authors: Lin Shu-wen
Published: July 2020

This content analysis study explores the extent to which Taiwanese senior high school English curriculum and teaching materials reflect an English as a lingua franca (ELF) perspective. The background for this study is changes to Taiwanese education policy, the development of research into teaching ELF, and the vital role of curriculum and teaching materials in English language learning. Data collected for analysis include Taiwan’s 12-year curriculum guidelines for English education and the teaching materials written in line with the curriculum. These data were examined and discussed within an adapted Global Englishes Language Teaching framework, focusing on representations of targets and norms, goals and criteria, and orientation and ownership. This study shows that, despite the curricular rhetoric of recognition for variations of English, Taiwanese senior high school students are not sufficiently prepared for real-life intercultural communication or to take ownership of English. Alternatives supported by this study include (1) presenting students with diverse users and cultures of English, sources of input, and communication strategies, and (2) engaging students in experimenting with and reflecting on their language use and cultural encounters.
Variation in mitochondrial minichromosome composition among Hoplopleura lice (Phthiraptera: Hoplopleuridae) from rats
Authors: Fu Yi-Tian , Nie Yu , Duan De-Yong , Liu Guo-Hua
Published: July 2020

Background
The family Hoplopleuridae contains at least 183 species of blood-sucking lice, which widely parasitize both mice and rats. Fragmented mitochondrial (mt) genomes have been reported in two rat lice (Hoplopleura kitti and H. akanezumi) from this family, but some minichromosomes were unidentified in their mt genomes.
Methods
We sequenced the mt genome of rat louse Hoplopleura sp. with an Illumina Hiseq platform and compared its mt genome organization with H. kitti and H. akanezumi.
Results
Fragmented mt genome of the rat louse Hoplopleura sp. contains 37 genes which are on 12 circular mt minichromosomes. Each mt minichromosome is 1.8–2.7 kb long, which contains 1–5 genes and one large non-coding region. The gene content and arrangement of three mt minichromosomes of Hoplopleura sp. and H. kitti are different from that of the three mt minichromosomes of H. akanezumi. Phylogenetic analyses based on the deduced amino acid sequences of the eight protein-coding genes showed that the Hoplopleura sp. was more closely related to H. akanezumi than to H. kitti, and then they form a monophyletic group.
Conclusions
Comparison among the three rat lice revealed variation in the composition of mt minichromosomes within the genus Hoplopleura. Hoplopleura sp. is the first species from the family Hoplopleuridae for which a complete fragmented mt genome has been sequenced. The new data provides useful genetic markers for studying the population genetics, molecular systematics and phylogenetics of blood-sucking lice.
Accelerating R&D for emerging infectious diseases: lessons learnt from Ebola
Authors: Huang Yangmu , Li Chao , Chen Jingyi , Ma Jiyan
Published: July 2020

Background

Both China and the U.S. developed high-quality vaccines for the Ebola outbreak. This study compared the R&D activities of Ebola products in two countries, as a way to present the influential factors of R&D for emerging infectious disease (EID) and to provide suggestions for timely and efficient response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods

R&D activities were analyzed in terms of research funding, scientific research outputs, R&D timeline, and governmental mechanisms. Quantitative analysis was performed using data retrieved from national websites, clinical trial registries and databases. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore perspectives of key informants involved in Ebola product development.
Results

The funding gap between China and the U.S. was significant before 2014 and narrowed after the Ebola outbreak. Both research teams started basic studies prior to the outbreak; however, the U.S. got FDA approval for clinical trials 5 months earlier than China. The underlying gap reveals the lack of participation and support by private sectors, stagnant transformation platform, and inadequate government incentives in China.
Conclusions

R&D pre-planning and resource deployment mechanisms are crucial for EID preparedness and response. Building private and public collaboration, and strengthening government support for clinical trials may accelerate the translation of basic research.
Antimicrobial therapy and assessing therapeutic response in culture-negative pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis: a retrospective comparative study with culture-positive pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis
Authors: Yu Dongwoo , Kim Sang Woo , Jeon Ikchan
Published: July 2020

Background
There are still controversies over the treatment and outcomes in culture-negative pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis (PVO). The purpose of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial therapy, assessment of therapeutic response, and outcome of culture-negative PVO compared to culture-positive PVO.
Methods
Retrospective study was performed with non-surgical lumbar PVO. The patients were divided into two groups based on the causative bacterial identification (CN group with culture-negative and CP group with culture-positive). The clinical features, use of antibiotics, laboratory data, and outcomes were compared between the two groups.
Results
Seventy-three patients with 41 (56.2%) of the CN group and 32 (43.8%) of the CP group were enrolled. Group CN showed a shorter duration of parenteral antibiotics (45.88 ± 16.14 vs. 57.31 ± 24.39, p = 0.019) although a tendency of prolonged duration of total (parenteral + oral) antibiotics (101.17 ± 52.84 vs. 84.19 ± 50.29 days, p = 0.168). When parenteral antibiotics were discontinued or switched to oral antibiotics, erythrocyte segmentation rate (ESR, normal range: < 20 mm/h), C-reactive protein (CRP, normal range: < 0.5 mg/dL), and visual analogue scale (VAS) score for back pain were 42.86 ± 24.05 mm/h, 0.91 ± 1.18 mg/dL, and 4.05 ± 1.07, respectively, with no significant differences between the two groups. The recurrence rates of CN and CP groups were 7.3% (3/41) and 6.3% (2/32), respectively (p = 1.000).
Conclusions
CN group required a shorter duration of parenteral antibiotics than CP group. Discontinuation of parenteral antibiotics or changing administration route can be considered based on the values of ESR, CRP, and VAS score for back pain.
Multiple-Dose Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Kang Bing-xin , Xu Hui , Gao Chen-xin , Zhong Sheng , Zhang Jing , Xie Jun , Sun Song-tao , Ma Ying-hui , Xu Xi-rui , Zhao Chi , Zhai Wei-tao , Xiao Lian-bo
Published: July 2020

Background: To identify the efficacy and safety of multiple doses of intravenous tranexamic acid (IV-TXA) on perioperative blood loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who underwent primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods: In this single-center, single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial, ten male and 87 female participants aged 50–75 years, with RA who underwent unilateral primary TKA were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive a single dose of IV-TXA (1 g) for 3 h (group A) or three doses of IV-TXA (1 g) for 3, 6, and 12 h (group B) postoperatively. Primary outcomes were total red blood cell loss (TBL), hidden red blood loss (HBL) and maximum hemoglobin (Hb) drop. Secondary outcomes were transfusion rate and levels of D-dimer. All parameters were measured post-operatively during inpatient hospital stay.Results: Between September 2019 and May 2020, 104 participants were randomized. 7 were lost follow-up. Mean TBL, HBL, and maximum Hb drop in group B (506.1 ± 227.0 mL, 471.6 ± 224.0 mL, and 17.5 ± 7.7 g/L, respectively) were significantly lower than those in groups A (608.8 ± 244.8 mL, P = 0.035; 574.0 ± 242.3 mL, P = 0.033; and 23.42 ± 9.2 g/L, P = 0.001, respectively). No episode of transfusion occurred. D-dimer level was lower in group B than in group A on post-operative day 1 (P < 0.001), and the incidence of thromboembolic events was similar between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Three doses of post-operative IV-TXA could further reduced blood loss, maximum Hb drop, and diminished the postoperative fibrinolytic responses without increasing the risk of complications.Trial registration: The trial was registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900025013).Name of the registry: Clinical observation of multiple dose use of tranexamic acid in patients with rheumatoid arthritis after total knee arthroplasty. Prospective registration, ChiCTR1900025013. Registered 7 August 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=41375
IFI27 May Predict and Evaluate the Severity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Preterm Infants
Authors: Gao Junyan , Zhu Xueping , Wu Mingfu , Jiang Lijun , Wang Fudong , He Shan
Published: July 2020

Background: Preterm infants are a special population that vulnerable to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and the lower respiratory tract infection (LRTIs) caused by RSV could be severe and even life-threating. The purpose of the present study was to identify candidate genes of preterm infants who are susceptible to RSV infection and provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of RSV infection. Methods: Three datasets (GSE77087, GSE69606 and GSE41374) containing 183 blood samples of RSV infected patients and 33 blood samples of healthy controls from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were downloaded and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out. The function and pathway enrichments were analyzed through Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) website. The protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network for DEGs was constructed through Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING). The module analysis was performed by Cytoscape software and hub genes were identified. Clinical verification was employed to verify the expression level of top five hub genes among 72 infants including 50 RSV infected patients and 22 non-RSV-infected patients hospitalized in our center. Further, the RSV infected infants with high-expression IFI27 and those with low-expression IFI27 were compared (defined as higher or lower than the median mRNA level). Finally, the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) focusing on IFI27 was carried out. Results: Totally, 4028 DEGs were screened out and among which, 131 most significant DEGs were selected. Subsequently, 13 hub genes were identified and function and pathway enrichments of hub genes mainly were: response to virus, defense response to virus, regulation of viral genome replication and regulation of viral life cycle. Furthermore, IFI27 was confirmed to be the most significantly expressed in clinical verification. Gene sets associated with calcium signaling pathway, arachidonic acid metabolism, extracellular matrix receptor interaction and so on were significantly enriched when IFI27 was highly expressed. Moreover, high-expression IFI27 was associated with more severe cases (p=0.041), more requirements of mechanical ventilation (p=0.034), more frequent hospitalization (p<0.001) and longer cumulative hospital stay (p=0.012). Conclusion: IFI27 might serve to predict RSV infection and evaluate the severity of RSV infection in preterm infants.
Editorial: Lernsituationen mit Metaphern und Wikibooks
Authors: Rau Franco
Published: July 2020

Seit über 20 Jahren wird die Bedeutung und Notwendigkeit einer integrativen Medienbildung in der Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung sowie in der Schule betont (AG Erziehungswissenschaft 1997; BMBF 2010; KMK 2012, 2016a). Zugleich besteht bis heute ein Desiderat hinsichtlich der Gestaltung und wissenschaftlichen Begleitung verpflichtender Angebote zum Lernen mit und über Medien im Lehramtsstudium (Kammerl und Mayrberger 2011, Kammerl 2015, van Ackeren et al. 2019). In dem vorliegenden entwicklungsorientierten Bildungsforschungsprojekt wurde daher gefragt, inwiefern die Mitgestaltung eines öffentlichen Wikibooks in erziehungswissenschaftlichen Seminaren im Lehramtsstudium Situationen schaffen kann, um eine pädagogische Artikulations- und Reflexionsfähigkeit (weiter) zu entwickeln und ein Lernen mit und über soziale Medien anzuregen. Die Entwicklung und Untersuchung von Möglichkeiten zum Lernen über Medien durch das Lernen mit Medien erfolgt in Anlehnung an das Plädoyer von Petko (2011), medienpädagogische und mediendidaktische Perspektiven in Form von praxisorientierter Forschung aufeinander zu beziehen. Zudem wurde das fachliche Lernen in den erziehungswissenschaftlichen Studienanteilen im Sinne einer integrativen Medienbildung berücksichtigt. In einem zirkulären Vorgehen erfolgte die Untersuchung von Veränderungs- und Entwicklungspotenzialen auf einer mikrodidaktischen Ebene. Das Vorgehen umfasst in Anlehnung an Sesink und Reinmann (2015) die wechselseitig aufeinander bezogenen Elemente zur Problematisierung der aktuellen Praxis, zur Formulierung eines theoretisch begründeten Entwurfs, empirische Erprobungen, wissenschaftliche Analysen der konkreten Handlungspraxis sowie eine Interpretation und Diskussion der erarbeiteten Ergebnisse. Die Ergebnisse des Projektes zeigen, dass und wie die Realisierung einer integrativen Medienbildung im Lehramtsstudium gelingen kann. Die entwickelten Lehr- und Lernsituationen mit Wikibooks eröffneten zum einen vielfältige Möglichkeiten, um das Lernen mit und über soziale Medien zur medienpädagogischen Professionalisierung erfahrungs- und reflexionsbasiert zu fördern und zu unterstützen. Zum anderen werden Potenziale von Metaphern als Artikulations- und Reflexionsanlässen eigener Vorstellungen zum Lehren und Lernen herausgearbeitet. Zudem können verschiedene Spannungsverhältnisse beschrieben werden, die sich bei der Realisierung eines Projektes zur integrativen Medienbildung ergeben.
Problematisierung der Praxis und Forschungsstand
Authors: Rau Franco
Published: July 2020

Im dritten Teil dieser Arbeit erfolgt eine Problematisierung der Praxis sowie die Darstellung des Forschungsstandes für zwei ausgewählte Schwerpunkte. Der erste Schwerpunkt fokussiert den Stand der Medienbildung im Lehramtsstudium (Kap. 4). Der zweite Schwerpunkt widmet sich den erziehungswissenschaftlichen Studienanteilen als Handlungs- und Forschungsfeld des vorliegenden Projektes (Kap. 5). In vergleichender Betrachtung bildungspolitischer Leitbilder und der aktuellen Praxis werden jeweils konkrete Probleme benannt und potenzielle Gestaltungsspielräume markiert (Kap. 4.2, 5.2). Zur Vorbereitung eines theoretisch und empirisch begründeten Entwurfs von Lernsituationen zur integrativen Medienbildung erfolgt zum einen eine theoretisch-begriffliche Verortung medienpädagogischer Begriffe (Kap. 4.3) sowie eine Betrachtung des aktuellen Forschungs- und Diskussionsstandes zu den Themenfeldern «soziale Medien als Mittel zur Gestaltung von Hochschullehre» (Kap. 4.4) und «soziale Medien als Gegenstand universitärer Medienbildung» (Kap. 4.5). Zum anderen erfolgt zur Berücksichtigung des Handlungs- und Forschungsfeldes eine Betrachtung von theoretischen und empirischen Ansätzen zur Erfahrung-Theorie-Relationierung im Rahmen der erziehungswissenschaftlichen Studienanteile (Kap. 5.3). Es werden die Potenziale von Metaphern als Forschungskonstrukt und Reflexionsmöglichkeit in der Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung (Kap. 5.4) sowie in weiteren pädagogischen Kontexten (Kap. 5.5) vorgestellt und hinsichtlich ihrer Relevanz für die vorliegende Arbeit diskutiert.
Erster Entwurf und experimentelle Praxis
Authors: Rau Franco
Published: July 2020

Der vierte Teil der Arbeit präsentiert den Entwurf von Lernsituationen zur integrativen Medienbildung im Rahmen von Seminaren der erziehungswissenschaftlichen Studienanteile (Kap. 6) sowie die systematische Dokumentation der Praxiserprobung und deren wissenschaftliche Analyse (Kap. 7). Zu Beginn wird das Ziel verfolgt, die im Rahmen des Entwicklungsprojektes getroffenen didaktischen Entscheidungen nachvollziehbar darzustellen und zu begründen. Auf Basis der vorausgegangenen Kapitel werden die getroffenen Gestaltungs- und Entwicklungsentscheidungen auf den hochschuldidaktischen Handlungsebenen der «(Lehr)Veranstaltungen» sowie der «(Lern)Situationen» (Wildt 2002) formuliert. In Anlehnung an Tulodziecki et al. (2014) umfasst der Entwurf die Aspekte: Zielvorstellungen (Kap. 6.2), Annahmen zu den Voraussetzungen der Lernenden (Kap. 6.3), Annahmen zu potenziell relevanten Lern- und Lehrhandlungen (Kap. 6.4, Kap. 6.5) sowie einen Entwurf von konzeptbezogenen Seminaren (Kap. 6.6). Mit der Dokumentation der Praxiserprobung wird ein systematischer Einblick in die Realisierung des Entwurfs aus der Perspektive des Lehrenden gegeben (Kap. 7.2). Zur wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung bzw. empirischen Analyse erfolgt aufbauend auf den Ausführungen zum forschungsmethodischen Design (Kap. 3) zunächst eine Konkretisierung der spezifischen Erhebungssituationen sowie der vorgenommenen Anpassungen der Auswertungsmethoden (Kap. 7.3). Die Ergebnisse der durchgeführten Erhebungen und Analysen werden vorgestellt (Kap. 7.4) und bilden die Grundlage für die im nächsten Kapitel folgende Diskussion und Weiterentwicklung des Konzeptes (Kap. 8).
Kontemplacija i stvaralaštvo u tomističkim promišljanjima
Authors: Knežić Ivana , Poljak Maja
Published: July 2020

U članku obrađujemo odnos kontemplacije i stvaralaštva u duhu filozofije Tome Akvinskoga. Uz Akvinčeve izvorne tekstove koristimo i tekstove tomističkih filozofa, ponajprije J. Piepera, ali i klasičnih suvremenih tomista poput É. Gilsona i J. Maritaina. Također, u Akvinčevoj maniri, uzimamo u razmatranje i tekstove njegovih prethodnika, posebice velikana antičke misli, Platona i Aristotela. Članak je podijeljen na tri poglavlja: prvo poglavlje tematizira kontemplaciju, drugo poglavlje, kroz usporedbu sa stvaranjem kao Božjim vlastitim činom, tematizira pojam stvaralaštva, a treće poglavlje tematizira sam odnos kontemplacije i stvaralaštva. Analiza pokazuje kako između ovih dviju djelatnosti postoji dvostruka veza: s jedne strane, stvaralaštvo ima svoj početak u kontemplativnom činu samoga stvaraoca, a s druge strane, ono ima svoj ishod u kontemplativnome činu onoga koji se susreće sa stvaralačkim djelom.
Development of sustainable SMEs: conceptualized criteria for measuring the sustainability of youth-owned small retail businesses in selected rural areas of South Africa
Authors: Kativhu Simbarashe , Mwale Marizvikuru , Francis Joseph
Published: July 2020

High failure rates among youth-owned small retail businesses has prompted the need for strengthening sustainability in the sector. The current paper sought to establish a framework for use in determining youth-owned small retail business sustainability. An exploratory mixed study approach was followed (qualitative and quantitative methods). Snowball and cluster sampling procedures were utilized to select respondents. Data were collected using semi-structured interview guides and close ended questionnaires. Qualitative data was analyzed using the Atlas.ti version 7 software network techniques, while the IBM SPSS version 25 techniques were utilized to generate quantitative results. Principal component analysis outcomes reflected that the framework for measuring youth-owned small retail business sustainability comprises 6 major components. The components included security measures (18.01%), outsourcing abilities (13.70%), marketing strategies (10.07%), risk management (8.54%), financial management (8.43%) and innovation (7.89%). The six pillars of the criteria were utilized to further develop time specific indices that were expressed in the following formula: R1 = ƒ (SM1, OA1, MS1, RM1, FM1, I1, S1) + e. Based on this formula, the sustainability of youth-owned small retail businesses can be assessed based on the six pillars on the right side of the equation and other subjective attributes at a particular time. The current study provided a framework that can be used by managers and practitioners to determine key sustainability building blocks of youth-owned small retail business at a particular time and track how they change over time.
New normal range of fetal cavum septum pellucidum in the second
trimester of gestation
Authors: M.V. Medvedev, O.I. Kozlova, À.Yu. Romanova
Published: July 2020

Fetal brain was retrospectively evaluated in 418 normal fetuses at 16–28 weeks of gestation. The multiplanar
mode to obtain the axial cerebral plane and measured the width of the cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) and
biparietal diameter (BD). All measurements of CSP were done from as the widest diameter across both borders
in an inter-to inter fashion. The CSP width is increasing at second trimester of gestation. Normal range plotted
on the reference range (mean, 5th and 95th percentiles) of fetal width CSP by measuring of its size may be useful
for assessment of fetal brain development in the second trimester of gestation.
Perbandingan Jumlah Total Bakteri pada Penggunaan Wadah Penyimpanan Air Susu Ibu (ASI) yang Berbeda
Authors: Pranatami Dwimei Ayudewandari
Published: July 2020

At the beginning of its life, breast milk is the best food for babies because breast milk contains all the nutrients that can be used for optimal growth and development of the baby. Therefore, the government has promoted exclusive breastfeeding programs for infants 0-4 months or up to 6 months if possible. However, the current phenomenon especially among working mothers, there are regulatory difficulties in giving milk to children. Breast milk can still be given by a working mother the pumping method and stored first. To facilitate the storage of breast milk, three types of containers are widely used, namely plastic clips, plastic bottles, and glass bottles. In the period of storage, it must be ensured that breast milk can be maintained with good quality and integrity. This study aims to compare the total number of bacteria that can grow in breast milk after being stored in three different types of containers. The sampling technique used in this study is total sampling. The treatment in this study was by placing breast milk in three different containers, namely plastic bottles (A), glass bottles (B), and plastic bags for storing breast milk (C) stored at room temperature (16-260C) with three replications. Breast milk is obtained from volunteers who have been predetermined and then accommodated in sterile containers. Statistical test results showed that the variation of the container did not affect the total bacterial colony with a p-value of 0.246 (P> 0.05) with the highest number of bacteria in plastic bag storage with an average of 5.4x103 CFU/ml.
Variasi Lama Kejutan Panas pada Suhu yang Sama terhadap Tingkat Penetasan Telur (HR) Ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Rimalia Anny
Published: July 2020

Species, temperature shock duration, fertilization temperature from different climates can cause different hatching results, so it is necessary to do research on the treatment of variations in heat shock at the same temperature, to obtain information about the hatching rate (HR) of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The method used is completely randomized design (3x3). The results of the egg hatching rate (HR), with variations in the heat shock at the same temperature (35⁰C), showed the highest rate of hatching dumbo catfish eggs at heat shock one minute 233.00%, then heat shock two minutes 212.00%, and heat shock three minutes 200.00% respectively.
Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Terintegrasi Stem Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa
Authors: Ariyatun Ariyatun , Octavianelis Dissa Feby
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model problem based learning terintegrasi STEM terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Metode penelitan menggunakan control group pretest-postest design. Analisis data menggunakan uji uji N-gain untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dan uji t untuk mengetahui pengaruh model problem based learning terintegrasi STEM terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Sampel dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dengan teknik cluster random sampling dari populasi seluruh siswa SMA N 1 Weleri. Hasil uji N-gain kelas eksperimen sebesar 0,56 (skategori sedang) lebih tinggi dari pada kelas kontrol sebesar 0,33 (kategori sedang). Uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan uji 1 pihak kanan dengan kriteria Ha diterima jika t hitung > t tabel dan Ha ditolak jika t hitung ≤ t tabel. Hasil uji t menunjukkan t hitung 8,23 > t kritis 1,98 dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis t hitung > t tabel maka penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan penerapan model problem based learning terintegrasi STEM mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa.
Developing a microbial consortium for removing nutrients in dishwasher wastewater: towards a biofilter for its up-cycling
Authors: Congestri R. , Savio S. , Farrotti S. , Amati A. , Krasojevic K. , Perini N. , Costa F. , Migliore L.
Published: July 2020

Microbial consortia are effective biofilters to treat wastewaters, allowing for resource recovery and water remediation. To reuse and save water in the domestic cycle, we assembled a suspended biofilm, a ‘biofilter’ to treat dishwasher wastewater. Bacterial monocultures of both photo- and heterotrophs were assembled in an increasingly complex fashion to test their nutrient stripping capacity. This ‘biofilter’ is the core of an integrated system (Zero Mile System) devoted to reusing and upcycling of reconditioned wastewater, partly in subsequent dishwasher cycles and partly into a vertical garden for plant food cultivation. The biofilter was assembled based on a strain of the photosynthetic, filamentous cyanobacterium Trichormus variabilis, selected to produce an oxygen evolving scaffold, and three heterotrophic aerobic bacterial isolates coming from the dishwasher wastewater itself: Acinetobacter, Exiguobacterium and Pseudomonas spp. The consortium was constructed starting with 16 isolates tested one-to-one with T. variabilis and then selecting the heterotrophic microbes up to a final one-to-three consortium, which included two dominant and a rare component of the wastewater community. This consortium thrives in the wastewater much better than T. variabilis alone, efficiently stripping N and P in short time, a pivotal step for the reuse and saving of water in household appliances.
Lung Nodule Detection using Convolutional Neural Networks with Transfer Learning on CT Images
Authors: Gao Jun , Jiang Qian , Zhou Bo , Chen Daozheng
Published: July 2020

Aim and Objective:

Lung nodule detection is critical in improving the five-year survival
rate and reducing mortality for patients with lung cancer. Numerous methods based on
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been proposed for lung nodule detection in
Computed Tomography (CT) images. With the collaborative development of computer hardware
technology, the detection accuracy and efficiency can still be improved.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, an automatic lung nodule detection method using CNNs
with transfer learning is presented. We first compared three of the state-of-the-art convolutional
neural network (CNN) models, namely, VGG16, VGG19 and ResNet50, to determine the most
suitable model for lung nodule detection. We then utilized two different training strategies, namely,
freezing layers and fine-tuning, to illustrate the effectiveness of transfer learning. Furthermore, the
hyper-parameters of the CNN model such as optimizer, batch size and epoch were optimized.

Results:

Evaluated on the Lung Nodule Analysis 2016 (LUNA16) challenge, promising results
with an accuracy of 96.86%, a precision of 91.10%, a sensitivity of 90.78%, a specificity of
98.13%, and an AUC of 99.37% were achieved.

Conclusion:

Compared with other works, state-of-the-art specificity is obtained, which
demonstrates that the proposed method is effective and applicable to lung nodule detection.
Effects of Desilication in NaOH/Piperidine Medium and Phosphorus Modification on the Catalytic Activity of HZSM-5 Catalyst in Methanol to Propylene Conversion
Authors: Safaei Ebrahim , Taghizadeh Majid
Published: July 2020

Background:

Propylene is one of the main petrochemical building blocks applied as a
feedstock for various chemical and polymer intermediates. The methanol-to-propylene (MTP)
processes are reliable options for propylene production from non-petroleum resources. The highsilica
ZSM-5 zeolite is found to be a reliable candidate for the methanol to propylene catalysis.

Objective:

In this study, the mesoporosity was first introduced into a high silica ZSM-5 zeolite via
an alkaline treatment by NaOH solution with piperidine to decrease the diffusion limitation, and
then the structure of zeolite was stabilized by phosphorus modification to improve the acidic
properties and to enhance the catalyst stability.

Methods:

High-silica H-ZSM-5 catalysts (Si/Al = 200) were successfully prepared through
microwave-assisted hydrothermal technique in the presence of tetrapropyl ammonium hydroxide
(TPAOH) structure-directing agent. The mesoporosity was efficiently introduced into the ZSM-5
crystals via desilication derived from alkaline NaOH/piperidine solution. Then, the acidity of the
desilicated ZSM-5 samples was improved using phosphorus modification. The catalysts were
subjected to XRD, ICP-OES, FE-SEM, BET, TGA, FT-IR and NH3-TPD analysis.

Results:

The catalytic performance of the prepared catalysts in the methanol to propylene (MTP)
reaction was examined in a fixed-bed reactor at 475 °C, atmospheric pressure and methanol WHSV
of 0.9 h-1. The results showed that the alkaline treatment in NaOH/piperidine solution created uniform
mesoporosity with no severe damage in the crystal structure. Similarly, phosphorus modification
developed the acidic features and led to the optimal catalytic efficiency in terms of the maximum
propylene selectivity (49.16%) and P/E ratio (5.97) as well as the catalyst lifetime.

Conclusion:

The results showed an excellent catalytic activity in terms of 99.21% methanol
conversion, good propylene selectivity up to 49.16%, a high ratio of P/E of 5.97 and a low
selectivity to C5 + hydrocarbons of 11.57% for ZS-D-PI-P sample.
Оптимизация анодной мембраны с прострельной мишенью в системе источников мягкого рентгеновского излучения для проведения процессов рентгеновской нанолитографии
Authors: Глаголев П.Ю. , Демин Г.Д. , Орешкин Г.И. , Чхало Н.И. , Дюжев Н.А.
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we propose a method for optimizing the design and composition of the anode membrane with a transmission-type target as part of a system of soft X-ray sources based on field-emission triodes for performing tasks in the field of X-ray nanolithography. It allows to prevent the degradation of the operating characteristics of the system when significant electrostatic deformation of the anode occurs under the influence of a control electric field in the inter-electrode space of the triodes. For this purpose, the inclusion of an additional control electrode in the system design is considered, which makes it possible to compensate for the deformation of the anode membrane to an acceptable level and thereby stabilize the operation of X-ray sources. A numerical model of the electrostatic deflection of the anode assembly in a modified design is developed, based on which the optimal composition and geometric parameters of the anode membrane with a compensating electrode are determined. In particular, the optimal distance between the anode membrane in the initial (undeformed) state and the compensating electrode was found (equal to 5 μm), at which a minimum voltage difference (about 1.15 kV) should be applied to these electrodes to prevent critical deflection of the membrane (0.72 μm with a membrane radius of 750 µm). It is also shown that, due to their extremely high hardness (>80 GPa), diamond-like films are the most promising material for the anode electrode. The results obtained can also be useful for the development of miniature X-ray generation devices for various applications.