bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who are we now? Local history, industrial decline and ethnic diversity
Authors: Pente Elizabeth , Ward Paul
Published: September 2018

This chapter challenges what might be called a ‘local history paradigm’, whereby immigration to Britain and the decline of industry are linked and local history is considered to ‘end’ in the 1980s. It explores representations of past and present in Rotherham, and draws on examples of heritage projects undertaken there by people from minority ethnic communities. This chapter emerged from the experience of many of the participants living in and researching the town during the child sexual exploitation scandal. Nonetheless, while about Rotherham, its interpretation might be applicable to a variety of post-industrial towns and cities in northern England and elsewhere. The chapter also considers ways in which the heritage projects add to the local history narrative of the town.
Silk and steel
Authors: Shah Shahin
Published: September 2018

This chapter features pictures produced by the author. They were commissioned in response to the ‘Imagine’ project's focus on the histories and cultures of Rotherham, particularly around the themes of ‘silk and steel’. Furthermore, they offer a historical account of what it was like to come to the UK, but they also depict: a felt and embodied response to the hardships and loneliness of a young bride coming to the UK; the experience of a British Asian man working in the steel mills; a suitcase filled with special memories; and the visceral experience of racism for a young child. Taken together, these images are living history. The chapter describes them here in the context of the author's life in Rotherham.
History and co-production in the home: documents, artefacts and migrant identities in Rotherham
Authors: Gould William , Shah Mariam
Published: September 2018

This chapter considers alternative histories of urban settlement through the intersection between family and neighbourhood. It proposes a form of co-production that connects specific small-scale communities not to meta-histories, but to documents that have a specific meaning within their own notions of narrative. The ‘stuff’ of such histories, because they are as much about the private, intimate, and familiar, is about stuff in the home — much of it undiscovered, perhaps only half-realised by families. Many historians have seen this as the ephemera of marginal oral histories. In extension of arguments about the role of oral history made elsewhere, this chapter argues that the connection between the intimate, which includes the material memorabilia and personal documents in homes, and the public community, helps us to explore the ways in which ideas of postcolonial citizenship are related to the idea of the home.
Safe spaces and community activism
Authors: Rasool Zanib
Published: September 2018

This chapter tells the story of community development in Rotherham and discusses some implications for policy and practice. The 1990s saw a decline in community development due to a lack of funding for posts, a lack of training being offered, changing funding priorities, and government policies. However, community development is now back on the agenda again through the work of the Department of Communities and Local Government (DCLG), who want to give more power back to local neighbourhoods and communities in order for them to have a bigger say on local issues, participate in decision making, and design and deliver services themselves.
Transnational social workers in Australia: naivety in the transnational professional space
Authors: Bartley Allen
Published: September 2018

This chapter explores the preparedness of transnational social workers, and their employers in Australia, for the challenges of integrating foreign-qualified social workers into local practice settings. Drawing on an Australian exploratory online survey of 119 transnational social workers, the experiences of foreign-qualified social work professionals are analysed to assess the preparedness of the profession, and the professionals themselves, to deal with the challenges of transnational labour market mobility. The chapter uses the transnational professional space concept to examine migrant professionals’ advance knowledge of the professional and cultural milieu of their destination country, and their experiences of the induction and training offered by their initial Australian employers. The study suggests that a surprising naïvety persists among many employers and the transnational social workers (TSWs) themselves, regarding the preparation required to engage meaningfully in the increasingly transnational professional space that is Australian social work.
Social work mobility in Europe: a case study from Ireland
Authors: Walsh Trish , Wilson George , O’Connor Erna
Published: September 2018

Social work has been viewed as one of the most nation-specific of the professions, ‘being closely tied up with national traditions, mentalities and institutions’ (Kornbeck, 2004, p 146). In addition, the political imperatives of national governments, austerity measures and managerialism drive approaches to service delivery which may supersede social work’s professional priorities. This militates against an automatic or easy transfer of professional knowledge from one country to another. In spite of this, there has been an enduring interest in developing international forms of social work that transcend national borders (Gray and Fook, 2004; Lyons et al, 2012). In this chapter, we present a case study of social worker mobility as it has evolved from the establishment of the first national social work registration body in the Republic of Ireland in 1997 with a particular focus on data from 2004-13 capturing the years leading up to, and in the aftermath of, the global financial crisis of 2008. We contrast this with the situation in Northern Ireland (NI), part of the UK and a separate and distinct political and legal entity with its own policies and practices. We draw on statistical and descriptive data provided by Irish social work registration bodies (NSWQB 1997-2011; CORU established in 2011 and NISCC, the Northern Ireland Social Care Council established in 2001) to illustrate (i) how sensitive contemporary mobility patterns are to changing economic and political factors; (ii) how rapidly patterns of mobility change and (iii) how much more mired in complexity European social work mobility is likely to be if the European project itself fractures, as is possible following the Brexit referendum vote in the UK.
The argumentative turn in public policy inquiry: deliberative policy analysis for usable advice
Authors: Fischer Frank
Published: September 2018

The argumentation turn in policy analysis emerged in the late 1980s as a response to questions concerning social relevance and usable knowledge. Toward this end, it focused on an apparent gap between policy inquiry and real-world policymaking. Basic to the approach was a challenge to the ‘value free’ positivist orientation that has shaped the field of policy analysis, underscoring in particular the limits of the technocratic practices to which it gave rise. After tracing the political and academic debates that surrounded the uses of policy analysis, the chapter presents the alternative argumentative orientation and its post-positivist methodological perspective. The discussion emphasizes its language-based foundations and outlines the logic of a deliberative-analytic framework for the assessment of policy argumentation. It illustrates the ways that policy analysis needs to integrate empirical and normative inquiry. Policy findings and practical policy argumentation are interpreted by decision-makers and citizens in terms of their relations to the larger framework of norms and values that imbue them with social and political meanings. Moving beyond a narrow empirical assignment, the argumentative turn seeks to assist these actors by also drawing out these normative connections. It is, as such, an effort to make good on Harold Lasswell's call for a 'policy science' of democracy.
Policy analysis and the nonprofit sector
Authors: Smith Steven Rathgeb
Published: September 2018

This chapter explores the use of policy analysis by nonprofit organizations, from its beginnings in the late 19th century to its significant expansion in the last 30 years. While policy analysis in nonprofits began as an extension of advocacy efforts for particular reform agendas, scarce funding, professionalization of the nonprofit workforce, and greater emphasis on accountability have increased the use of outcome-oriented policy analysis approaches including the theory of change, logic models and log-frames, and collective impact or social return on investment approaches. Nonprofits have also begun to use the related process of strategic planning to identify benchmarks and targets and to structure periodic assessment. Nonetheless, nonprofits continue to undertake policy research and to use policy analysis to influence public policy in ways that advance their mission and goals. As the use of policy analysis in nonprofits expands, one challenge will be to take a broad view of the potential outcomes of nonprofits to ensure the impact of nonprofits is adequately assessed.
The media
Authors: Russell Annelise , McCombs Maxwell
Published: September 2018

Mass media effects in political science are well known — including campaign communications, priming effects, and the media's role in social and cultural shifts. But what is not so clear is how the actions of media outlets and the actors within these institutions affect governance. In the last 20 years, scholars in public policy and political institutions have begun to better understand the role of media in our governing systems and what that means for how we attend to and make policy across numerous types of political systems and institutional venues. For too long public policy has lagged in its understanding of the media as a political institution with real implications for how we process and implement policy. We argue studies of public policy can benefit from a broadened, integrative approach toward studying the media and the policy process. That approach includes the role of new media and research on social media that can be applied to the policy process. Continued research on the media and policy should include better integration of media and policy studies with those of mass publics and encourage greater communication and collaboration between media and policy scholarship.
Public policy education in the United States
Authors: O’Hare Michael
Published: September 2018

Training for policy analysis practice has evolved over forty years to a standardized core, including economics, statistics, management, politics/political science, and a practicum. The original model applied disciplinary methodology to the selection of better alternatives among possible policies for governments and nonprofit organizations. The most important mid-course correction in MPP history was the introduction of public management requirements in recognition that MPP alumni would (i) manage ‘policy shops’ and operating agencies as their careers advanced, and (ii) should advise on policy with awareness of implementability and manageability issues. Variations on this model include courses in law and public administration, concentrations in issue areas like health or environmental policy, and joint degrees with other professional schools. Current issues from which future evolution of the MPP enterprise is likely to flow include tensions between methodologies used by MPP faculty in research and inclusion of models like Bayesian inference and behavioral economics that may be more applicable in professional practice. Another source of variation is pedagogical: some courses offer the familiar ‘Theory T [for telling]’ model whereby content is presented didactically in lectures with discussion assigned to sections, while others move to ‘Theory C [for coaching]’ convention where content presentation is left to readings, and meetings are devoted to using the content to analyze policy questions.
Welfare, punishment and neoliberalism
Authors: Cummins Ian
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the broader impact of neoliberalism on welfare and penal policy, arguing that there has been an ideological and culture shift, which can be summarised as follows: the War on Poverty to a War on the Poor. It first considers three types of welfare states — liberal welfare states, conservative/corporatist welfare states, and social democratic welfare states — and the neoliberal argument against welfare systems before discussing the government's policy of welfare retrenchment known as austerity. It also analyses the rise of the penal state, the trend called ‘governing through crime’, some of the inherent contradictions within the penal state, issues surrounding penal policy, and prison conditions as a key area of concern for social work as a profession.
Structural reforms in Europe: a comparative overview
Authors: Agostini Chiara , Natali David
Published: September 2018

This chapter provides an overview of structural reforms (SRs) - measures to improve economic growth prospects and the ability of economies to adjust to economic shocks - introduced in Europe between 1999 and 2012 and, in particular, during the Great Recession (2008-12). Starting from two organising principles of contemporary welfare capitalism, namely investment and protection, the chapter proposes a new typology of SRs for a more detailed analysis of SRs trends in Europe. Through the analysis of reforms in five policy areas (labour market policies, pensions, education, innovation/R&D, and public sector reforms) and across five country clusters pertaining to the different welfare/labour market regimes in Europe between 1999 and 2012 we address two key questions: Is there a common reform trend of a ‘race to the bottom’ in relation to social and employment rights? What has been the impact of the Great Recession: Do we see overall continuity or a shift between the pre- and post-crisis?
Dualising the Swedish model: insiders and outsiders and labour market policy reform in Sweden: an overview
Authors: Davidsson Johan Bo
Published: September 2018

For many decades it seemed that the Swedish model was immune to change. Welfare scholars saw in Sweden a paragon of an equal society based on a generous welfare state that had withstood the pressures of globalisation. While it is true that some welfare institutions are still intact, that is no longer the case in labour market policy. This cannot be explained by fiscal austerity imposed by the EU; rather it was the economic crisis in the early 1990s that first set reforms in motion. This chapter traces labour market reforms in Sweden over the past two decades. The pattern suggested here is one in which labour market outsiders have borne the brunt of reforms. This can be seen in the manner in which labour market flexibility was introduced, the fact that many of the unemployed now stand outside the social insurance system, in the declining value of social assistance benefits and perhaps most strikingly in the radical cuts to spending on active labour market policy.
Welfare, Inequality and Social Citizenship
Authors: Edmiston Daniel
Published: September 2018

Based on a study exploring lived experiences of poverty and prosperity, this book problematizes dominant policy thinking surrounding the functions and limits of welfare in austerity Britain. It does so by critically examining the distributional effects of welfare reform and fiscal recalibration to establish what bearing this has on the changing character and logic of social citizenship in Britain today. Drawing on testimonies of those experiencing relative deprivation and affluence, the book provides an account of the everyday language, ideals and practices that underpin social citizenship and structural inequality. Patterned divergence in the lived realities, political subjectivity and civic engagement of the ‘rich’ and ‘poor’ offers insight into the manifold ways in which welfare austerity secures and maintains institutional legitimacy amidst rising structural inequality. The book presents evidence to suggest that affluent citizens are able to engage with the prevailing terms of social citizenship from within, and in ways that meet their material and discursive ends. By contrast, those at the sharp end of welfare austerity lack the socio-material resources and means of collective identification to engage in sustained political struggle for their rights, identity and recognition. The book reflects on the implications of this for social policy design and delivery as well as the broader health of public deliberation surrounding welfare and inequality in advanced capitalist economies.
Research and the Social Work Picture
Authors: Shaw Ian
Published: September 2018

There's a growing pressure for social workers to engage with research and draw on this in practice. But why is this research important? This book provides an accessible way to think about this question. Drawing on evidence from across Europe, Asia, and the USA, it covers how research is conducted, used, and perceived. It is perfect for social work students, researchers, and practitioners, providing a detailed sketch of how research finds a place in the wider social work picture and offering opportunities and exercises that highlight how social work research is relevant in day-to-day course programmes and practice. The book will embolden a kind of scepticism, while at the same time providing the ground work for social workers to become more thoughtfully practical and practically thoughtful.
How Does Collaborative Governance Scale?
Authors: Ansell Chris , Torfing Jacob
Published: September 2018

This book investigates the challenges posed by the scale and scaling of network and collaborative forms of governance. Our original motivation arose from a concern about whether collaborative governance can scale up. As we learned more, our inquiry expanded to include the tensions inherent in collaboration across scales or at multiple scales and the issue of dynamically scaling collaboration to adapt to changing problems and demands. The diverse cases in this special issue explore these challenges in a range of concrete empirical domains than span the globe.
Os comités locais de gestão do risco de calamidades e a educação sobre inundações no Baixo Limpopo, Moçambique
Authors: Dgedge Gustavo Sobrinho , Chemana Célia
Published: September 2018

Na gestão de riscos naturais a educação para a redução da vulnerabilidade parte do conhecimento da realidade do local. No Baixo Limpopo foram Comités Locais de Gestão de Riscos de Calamidades, compostos por 18 pessoas voluntárias da Comunidade que fazem a gestão, para reduzirem a vulnerabilidade onde habitam. Estes participam nas simulações e campanhas levadas a cabo antes, durante e depois dos fenómenos calamitosos. O objectivo desta pesquisa foi de compreender a contribuição destes Comités na educação sobre o risco de inundação no Baixo Limpopo, em Moçambique. A metodologia baseou-se na entrevista, observação directa e a consulta documental. Foram entrevistados membros dos Comités Locais de Gestão de Riscos, população e técnicos do Instituto Nacional de Gestão de Calamidades. Realizaram-se visitas de campo para identificar os locais e testemunhar as actividades de educação em matéria de gestão de riscos de inundações na comunidade. Conclui-se que os Comités fazem a educação sobre a matéria na comunidade, contribuindo na redução de vítimas mortais no Baixo Limpopo.
I Jornada de Redução do Risco de Desastres – Rio de Janeiro – 2015: os desafios e experiências compartilhadas
Authors: Bianchi Azevedo Adriana Aparecida , Galvão Fernandes Alexandre , Cristine Nunes Salles Kellen , Romano Corrêa Custódio Márcio , Aparecida Coelho Fraia de Souza Marília , Silva de Oliveira Wellington
Published: September 2018

O Marco de Ação de Sendai estabelece o plano global de prevenção reafirmando a necessidade de comprometimento para se reduzir o risco. Este trabalho apresenta a I Jornada Fluminense de Redução do Risco de Desastres realizada pela SEDEC-RJ (Secretaria de Estado de Defesa Civil) em 2015 no Rio de Janeiro, na qual foram apresentadas ações realizadas pelas COMDECs (Coordenadorias Municipais de Defesa Civil) a partir do Marco de Sendai. A jornada proporcionou o compartilhamento de boas práticas estimulando a troca de experiências entre profissionais da Proteção e Defesa Civil, bem como a valorização dos esforços por parte desses profissionais e o fomento de iniciativas em educação, contribuindo na formação destes no que diz respeito à implementação das diretrizes do Marco de Sendai para Redução do Risco de Desastres no Estado do Rio de Janeiro.
Educação para prevenção de desastres: a persistência do conhecimento tecnocientífico e da individualização do risco
Authors: Sulaiman Samia Nascimento
Published: September 2018

A recente Política Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil Brasileira (Lei n’ 12.608/2012) ressaltou a cultura de prevenção e sua inserção no currículo escolar nacional. Este artigo apresenta os resultados da pesquisa, exploratória e qualitativa, sobre o estado da arte de conteúdos e abordagens educativas para a prevenção de desastre no Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos por pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e observação participante, a partir de 3 recortes: temático (inundações/enchentes e deslizamentos), temporal (de 2011 a 2014) e geográfico (região metropolitana do ABC Paulista). O corpus foi composto por materiais impressos/digitais e atividades de informação/capacitação. Por meio do método da análise de conteúdo, identificamos dois conteúdos (conhecimentos tecnocientíficos e comportamentos/atitudes de prevenção e auto-proteção) e duas abordagens (transmissão-assimilação e individualização do risco), que perpetuam uma “inquestionabilidade do risco”, alheia às causas profundas do risco, o que fragiliza as ações de redução de risco baseada na comunidade.
Risk reduction education in Portuguese schools: the example of wildfires
Authors: Nunes Adélia N. , Martins Bruno
Published: September 2018

In Portugal, wildfires cause huge socioeconomic and environmental impacts. This study aims to understand the contribution of the school to wildfire risk education and to explore how 9th year students rank the risks that affect our country and the municipalities in which they live. The results show that students ranked wildfires risk as the most important risk at national scale and in the area where they live. When asked about the causes, consequences and mitigation measures, most of them found it difficult to identify them. The formal geography curriculum only contained material related to risk reduction education in 2015. However, a non-formal project (PROSEPE – Education and Awareness-Raising Project for School Population), adopted reducing the risk of wildfires as one of its main goals, when it was first established in the 1990s.
O papel da perceção e comunicação na mitigação do risco de terramoto
Authors: Maio Rui , Ferreira Tiago Miguel , Vicente Romeu
Published: September 2018

A formação e educação cívica constitui uma das mais importantes e poderosas ferramentas para uma maior consciencialização e perceção dos cidadãos para o risco sísmico, desempenhando um papel fundamental na construção de sociedades mais resilientes. No entanto, por exigir o envolvimento de todos os cidadãos sem exceção, a promoção de uma cultura de risco representa um desafio transversal à nossa sociedade. Reconhecendo a perceção de risco como um aspeto fundamental para o desenvolvimento e implementação de estratégias de informação e comunicação do risco terramoto, este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma campanha de sensibilização realizada no âmbito do projeto de investigação URBSIS que consistiu na recolha e tratamento das respostas a um questionário elaborado com o objetivo de avaliar a perceção dos cidadãos para esta problemática. O questionário teve como público alvo os residentes do Bairro Ribeirinho da cidade de Faro e a comunidade técnica local ligada, direta ou indiretamente, aos setores da construção e do planeamento urbano.
Dimensão espacial do(s) risco(s) em Portugal continental e na área metropolitana do Porto: perceção dos alunos do 9.º ano de escolaridade
Authors: Martins Bruno , Nunes Adélia , Lourenço Luciano
Published: September 2018

Neste estudo pretende-se aferir a perceção que os alunos do 9º ano de escolaridade têm sobre alguns conceitos fundamentais ligados à ciência do Risco e avaliar a respetiva capacidade em identificar e classificar os riscos naturais e mistos com maior probabilidade de ocorrência, tanto à escala nacional como na Área Metropolitana do Porto (AMP). Procedeu-se à aplicação de um inquérito, por questionário, e os resultados mostram que os discentes classificaram o risco de incêndio florestal como o de maior probabilidade de ocorrência, quer a nível nacional quer no conjunto dos concelhos da AMP, com uma classificação a variar entre elevada e moderada, respetivamente. A nível municipal, são destacar algumas diferenças no “ranking” definido para as diferentes tipologias de risco. O estudo sugere, ainda, que a maioria dos alunos tem dificuldade em identificar a génese, as consequências e as medidas de mitigação dos riscos por eles identificados como sendo os de maior probabilidade de manifestação no respetivo município de residência.
A Contextual Scientometric Analysis of Indonesian Biomedicine : Mapping The Potential of Basic Research Downstreaming
Authors: Hardiyati Ria , Nadhiroh Irene Muflikh , Handayani Tri , Silalahi V.M. Mesnan , Rahmaida Rizka , Amelia Mia
Published: September 2018

A content analysis on Indonesian biomedical research publication is conducted based on text mining. The research is necessary to obtain a rich contextual overview of the development of biomedicine research in Indonesia for example in the context of the downstreaming potential of research publications. The results of text data processing using a computational model and bibliometric analysis will provide a richer contextual picture as a proxy to reveal the potential for downstreaming of basic research. Quantitative research is conducted using data sources from Scopus, Google Scholar and universities’s and scientific journal’s repository to analyse the performance at the meso and macro level. Interpretation of the results is qualitatively carried out within a FGD session with domain experts. An attempt is carried out to see the trajectory of series of research publications from basic research stage down to clinical trials. This effort results in an ability to show the research trajectory in anti-malaria drug development from the basic research which evolves to the clinical trial. This study reveals many discontinuities in the trajectory a research topic from basic research to downstreaming in drugs development in Indonesia.
APPLICATION OF TITANYL SULPHATE FOR MANUFACTURING PAPER CONTAINING TIO2 FILLER
Authors: Izmailova Nadezhda , Shabiev Ruslan , Lorentsson Alexander , Saprykina Natalia
Published: September 2018

The aim of research was first, to study the interactions between components for finding out how pH effects on ζ-potential, dewatering rate and retention of TiO2/MCC mixtures with/without titanyl sulphate in order to find a way to titanyl sulphate hydrolysis in a papermaking process. The maximum heterocoagulation interactions between TiO2, MCC and TiOSO4 were revealed in the pH range 4.4–5.6. Second, handsheets made from refined chemical pulp, titanyl sulphate and TiO2 at pH 4.4 were investigated. The handsheets were formed and studied conventionally and with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was shown that titanyl sulphate hydrolysis leads to formation of translucent polymer film covering the fibres and TiO2 particles. The maximum first-pass ash retention reached is lower than its values usually obtained with an organic polymer. Addition of titanyl sulphate led to higher strength, but lowered opacity and brightness compared to a reference sample. The use of low dosage of titanyl sulphate together with a filler improved air permeability. As there exist certain advantages/disadvantages of titanyl sulphate application, extended research is needed to find suitable conditions for its applying to mass paper and board grades production.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF THE THOUSAND (ACHILLEA L.)
Authors: Варданян (Vardanyan) Луиза (Luiza) Размиковна (Razmikovna) , Атабекян (Atabekyan) Лилит (Lilit) Валериковна (Valerikovna) , Айрапетян (Hayrapetyan) Сюзанна (Syuzanna) Арсеновна (Аrsenovna) , Варданян (Vardanyan) Размик (Razmik) Левонович (Levonovich)
Published: September 2018

For the treatment of various diseases in the traditional medicine for a long time different types of yarrow are used. Medicines from yarrow have medicinal properties and render styptic, spazmolitic, wound healing, bile-expelling action. They also show antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activity. Medicinal properties of these medicines are caused by existence in them of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins, vitamin C). The purpose of this work is a research of antioxidant properties of ethylacetate extracts preparing from different types of yarrows growing in a South-East part of the Republic of Armenia. Experimental data of antioxidant activities (AOA) and effective content of antioxidants (AO) in the ethylacetate extracts of three tipes of yarrows are given in this study on the example of model reaction of cumene oxidation. It is shown that the studied yarrows are distributed in a row by the effective content of antioxidants: Achilleaaurea>Achillea nobilis>Achillea millefolium, and by the antioxidant activitiy: Achillea millefolium>Achillea nobilis>Achillea aurea.On the examples of extracts mixtures from the leaves and flowers of Achillea millefolium and also from the leaves and flowers of Achillea nobilis the synergism effect of cumene’s oxidation inhibition is found, respectively, 30 and 21%.
COMPOSITION AND CONTENT OF FLAVOINODES OF LEAVES OF HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES L., RELATING IN AZERBAIJAN
Authors: Новрузов (Novruzov) Эльдар (El'dar) Новруз (Novruz) , Мамедов (Mamedov) Закир (Zakir) Гусейн (Gusejn) , Мустафаева (Mustafaeva) Латафат (Latafat) Ахад (Аkhad) , Мирюсифова (Miryusifova) Хураман (Khuraman) Миргасан (Mirgasan) , Зейналова (Zeynalova) Айдан (Аjdan) Мирза (Mirza)
Published: September 2018

Seabuckthorn – Hippophae rhamnoides L. is a valuable food, vitamin and medicinal plant, various parts of which are used to treat diseases as a traditional medicine in many countries of the world. All parts of Hippophae rhamnoides L. are a rich source of biologically active substances, especially polyphenolic compounds, carotenoids, phytosterols and others. Extracts obtained from various sea buckthorn organs possess high antioxidant, antibacterial, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antikanserogenic, antiradiation properties. Analysis of leaves of H. rhamnoides on the content of flavonoids showed that they contain from 2.81 to 3.2% flavonoids. Chromatographic spectrophotometric methods were used to study the qualitative composition and content of the leaf flavonoids of male H. rhamnoides. Five individual flavonoids were isolated from the sum of flavonoids, the isolated flavonoids identified as quercetin, mirisetin, isoramnetin, quercetin-3-rutinoside (rutin) and isoramnetin-3-rutinoside (narcissine), on the basis of chromatographic data, UV spectra, and acid hydrolyses. Routine and narcissine are the main components of leaves of H. rhamnoides. It has been established that the content of flavonoids is significant, with the main components being biologically active flavonoids such as rutin and narcissine, thus the leaves of the male sea buckthorn are a promising source of raw materials for the production of P vitamins and food additives.
BIFUNCTIONAL SYNTHETIC BINDINGS AS ALTERNATIVE FOR THE BEZFORMALDEHYDE PRODUCTION OF WOOD PLATE MATERIALS
Authors: Катраков (Katrakov) Игорь (Igor) Борисович (Borisovich) , Маркин (Markin) Вадим (Vadim) Иванович (Ivanovich) , Колосов (Kolosov) Петр (Petr) Владимирович (Vladimirovich)
Published: September 2018

The paper presents the results of experiments on the production of wood board materials without the use of formaldehyde-containing resins. As the initial samples used sawdust of pine wood without and using cavitation pretreatment in a neutral medium. Bifunctional synthetic substances were selected as binders: phthalic and maleic acids and their anhydrides, glycols-ethylene glycol and butanediol-1,4, as well as equimolar two-component mixtures based on them with a concentration of 5-15%. The resulting presses were hot-formed at a temperature of 160 °C and a pressure of 10 MPa. As a result of the experiment, wood-based board materials of medium density with bending strength 11.0–46.0 MPa, water absorption for 24 hours – 1–115% and swelling in thickness over 24 hours – 3–100% are obtained. The most beneficial is the use of a 5% concentration of binders satisfying the standard. Cavitated pre-treatment of plant raw materials allows to increase the strength characteristics by 1.3 times. Samples with the best physicomechanical indexes are obtained when maleic acid and its anhydride are used as a binder and their mixtures with glycols. In IR spectroscopy it was determined that the main bonds forming the mesh structure of plate materials are ester ones.Thus, under the selected molding conditions, plate-free plate materials based on bifunctional synthetic binders with high environmental and physico-mechanical properties are obtained.
EFFECT OF THE APPLICATION OF MICROWAVE ENERGY ON THE REGENERATION OF THE ADSORBENT
Authors: Dobrotvorskiy Sergey , Aleksenko Borys , Dobrovolska Ludmila , Basova Yevheniia
Published: September 2018

Today, energy conservation is a priority. This is due to the shortage of energy resources, the growth of their cost and global environmental problems. The production of compressed air is a wery costly and power-consuming process. One of the areas of energy saving is to improve the quality of the air preparation equipment, in particular, to increase the energy efficiency of this type of devices such as adsorption dryers for compressed air. Reduction of unnecessary energy losses in this sphere is possible due to the use of innovative technologies. The functioning of the adsorption dryer is associated with the consumption of compressed air, which is consumed during the periodic regeneration of the adsorbent. The practical value of the research includes an explanation of the regularity of the influence of the temperature drop, at which the adsorbent regeneration process takes place, on the reduction of the airflow loss during the proceedings of the dryer.
THE CHARACTERIZATION OF ANODIC OXIDE LAYERS ON SELECTED BIO-COMPATIBLE TITANIUM ALLOYS
Authors: Krčil Jan , Mára Vladimír , Krum Stanislav , Sobotová Jana
Published: September 2018

Oxide layers on titanium alloy surfaces have an influence on bio-compatibility and corrosion resistance. In order to improve them, properties of oxide layers are examined. The oxide layer can be prepared by different methods and under various conditions. This results in a creation of layers showing different composition, structure, properties, stability, adhesion and biocompatibility. In the presented paper, samples of three titanium alloys were used: Commercially Pure (CP) titanium grade 2, Ti6Al4V alloy and -titanium alloy Ti-39 wt.% Nb. Samples were anodically (1MH2SO4 / 100V/ 1 hour) oxidized. Changes in surface colouration and roughness were observed. The thickness of oxide layers was measured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM was then used for observation of the surface topography of oxidized samples. The chemical composition of the surface layers was defined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
INFLUENCE OF AGGRESSIVE ENVIRONMENT ON THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF TEXTILE REINFORCED CONCRETE
Authors: Machovec Jan , Reiterman Pavel
Published: September 2018

This article deals with the long-term durability of a relatively new composite – textile reinforced concrete (TRC). The studied composite material introduces a modern and favourite solution in contemporary architecture and structural engineering. It could also be used in renovation and monument restoration due to its high utility properties. The experimental program was focused on the determination of the resistance of the TRC in an aggressive environment using durability accelerated tests. The high performance concrete (HPC), which we used in our study, exhibited a compressive strength exceeding 100MPa after 28 days. Specimens were subjected to a 10% solution of H2SO4, 10% solution of NaOH, and freeze-thaw cycling respectively. All these environments can occur in real conditions in the TRC practical utilization. The testing was carried out on “dog-bone” shaped specimens, specially designed for the tensile strength measurement. Studied TRC specimens were reinforced by textiles of three different square weight that were applied in one or two layers, which led to the expected increase of tensile strength The freeze-thaw cycling had the biggest influence on the tensile properties, because it causes micro-cracks formation. The specimens exposed to the chemically aggressive environment deteriorated mostly on the surface, because of the high density of the concrete and generally low penetration of the media used. The resistance of the studied TRC to the aggressive environment increased with the applied reinforcement rate. The performed experimental programme highlighted the necessity of including the durability properties in the design of structural elements.
RAPID VISUALIZATION OF THE MASS DISTRIBUTION PROFILE OF ELECTROSPUN LAYERS
Authors: Pokorný Marek
Published: September 2018

Nanofibrous materials are currently widely used in many different areas. One of the technologies commonly used for their production is electrospinning. The mass distribution in a produced nanofibrous layer is a crucial factor especially for filtration applications and active ingredients or drug release applications. Image analysis is an efficient non-destructive method of a mass distribution determination, which has already been used in the evaluation of textiles and melt-blown webs, but so far only a few publications have dealt with its use in the field of electrospun materials. To facilitate the process of image analysis of deposited nanofibers, we developed a new collector electrode, which makes it possible to determine the optical mass distribution profile of the produced layer. A series of experiments proved that the developed collector allows an easy evaluation of the appearance of nanofibrous layers as well as the effects of many associated factors such as emitter configuration on the resulting sample. The results showed how the properties of nanofibrous layers (such as deposition zone dimensions, location of these zones, mass distribution profiles produced by different spinning nozzles) can change during the electrospinning process. The advantages of the method described in the present article are that it allows a contactless and non-destructive determination of mass distribution, detection of macroscopic defects, and investigation of causes behind layer thickness inhomogeneities. All in all, the presented method is a useful research and development tool for the field of electrospinning.
Dealing with Down
Authors: Simonson Mathieu
Published: September 2018

On sait aujourd’hui qu’un foetus atteint du syndrome de Down peut tout à fait évoler en un être humain raisonnable, capable de prendre part à la coopération sociale et de vivre une vie heuseuse. Nous savons, plus exactement, qu’un tel handicap n’exclut pas nécessairement une vie signifiante, utile et satisfaisante, ni pour la personne qui en est affectée, ni pour sa famille. Cependant, avec l’amélioration et la généralisation des tests pré-nataux permettant de détecter le syndrome au cours du premier trimestre de grossesse, peurs et discriminations réapparaissent sous les oripeaux de choix individuels prétendument rationnels. Certains en viennent même à espérer que cela puisse nous permettre d’atteindre – d’une façon socialement acceptable – un des buts poursuivis par les lois eugéniques du siècle passé: la dispartition de l’« idiotie mongolienne ». Nous tâcherons ici de mettre ce problème éthique en relation avec la philosophie de Spinoza.
Principes de l'action
Authors: Martens Quentin
Published: September 2018

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Les relations de l’Union européenne avec la République islamique d’Iran
Authors: Dufays Nicolas
Published: September 2018

Forte de ses relations millénaires avec l’Iran, l’Europe tente de se rapprocher de cette puissance régionale, devenue république islamique avec la révolution de 1979. Après une décennie de « vaches maigres », la Communauté européenne insuffle une nouvelle dynamique à ses rapports avec l’Iran, en témoigne le « dialogue critique » lancé en 1992. Ce dialogue s’étend progressivement à des domaines aussi variés que le commerce, la sécurité, la non-prolifération ou les droits de l’homme. La crise nucléaire entrave toutefois l’évolution positive de ces relations. En contrepartie, le dossier nucléaire permet à l’UE d’endosser le leadership des négociations avec l’Iran et d’acquérir ainsi une légitimité supplémentaire auprès de cet État. Bref, malgré le dossier nucléaire et d’autres obstacles au développement des relations UE-Iran, l’Union a progressivement développé une « tradition du dialogue » avec Téhéran. Ces relations entre l’UE et l’Iran recouvrent des enjeux primordiaux pour les deux parties, tant au niveau énergétique et géopolitique que pour la cohérence de l’Union. Enfin, la République islamique d’Iran représente également un réel défi quant à la nature spécifique de la puissance européenne.
En conversant avec les bourreaux
Authors: Lew Ilan
Published: September 2018

Dans cet article, nous mettons en perspective des témoignages d’auteurs de violences de masse ayant sévi dans des contextes socio-historiques bien distincts, mais qui ont cela en commun qu’ils proviennent tous de situations extra-judiciaires, souvent carcérales, et prennent la forme de conversations avec des journalistes ou des codétenus. En premier lieu, nous donnerons à voir les enjeux de pouvoir qui caractérisent de telles situations d'interaction, ainsi que les stratégies déployées pour faire sortir ces "vétérans" de leur discours de façade et les faire revenir sur leurs violences. Dans un second temps, nous nous penchons sur ce qui, dans des documents de ce type, pourrait nous donner un accès privilégié à la question de la morale dans la violence de masse. À cette fin, on s'arrêtera sur des moments de discussion durant lesquels ces derniers réagissent vivement et s'offusquent, alors que de l'autre côté, ils acceptent le plus souvent le bien-fondé des violences qu'ils ont commises. Nous nous concentrons ici sur une thématique d'indignation qui revient dans les deux contextes et concerne le rapport à l'argent et à la gestion des ressources dans l’exercice de leurs fonctions.
Les classifications du vieillissement
Authors: Marchand Isabelle , Quéniart Anne , Charpentier Michèle
Published: September 2018

L’objectif de cet article vise à confronter les classifications savantes relatives à la vieillesse aux représentations sociales du vieillissement de femmes âgées de 65 ans et plus. En utilisant la théorie des classifications interactives de Hacking (2006), nous chercherons à cerner de quelle manière les classifications de l’âge, de l’activité et de la fragilité résonne dans les représentations du vieillissement de femmes aînées, interrogées dans le cadre d’une récente recherche qualitative. Les interactions entre ces deux dimensions catégorielles s’expriment en termes de résistance face à la catégorie « femmes aînées/âgées ». La notion de l’activité est utilisée tant pour réfuter la vieillesse que pour assurer cette « continuité de soi » et son engagement dans la vie malgré le processus de fragilisation vécu.
La décolonisation des femmes et de la nature
Authors: D'avila Neto Maria Inácia , Cavas Claudio , Sena Jardim Gabriel
Published: September 2018

Les questions portant sur l´écologie politique féministe sont stimulantes pour l’examen des vieilles dichotomies qui insistent sur l’association fallacieuse de la femme avec la nature et de l’homme avec la culture. Le présent article accomplit un parcours visant à discuter des constructions identitaires des femmes et de l´appropriation de la nature, sillonné par des questions de genre, race et niveau socio-économique des femmes au Brésil, au travers de quelques perspectives des études culturelles et postcoloniales.
La différence sexuelle au cabinet des anthropologues parisiens à la fin du XIXe siècle
Authors: Rodriguez Eva
Published: September 2018

Dans le dernier tiers du XIXe siècle, l’anthropologie biologique, et a fortiori, l’anthropométrie, se consacre en France comme une démarche scientifique que la standardisation des méthodes et des instruments doit garantir. Reposant sur un naturalisme direct, elle se présente comme une entreprise d’objectivation et de hiérarchisation des différences, principalement raciales. Dans cet article, il s’agit d’étudier comment, dans ce corpus anthropologique (notamment dans les travaux de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris) la différence sexuelle, qui pouvait troubler les classifications raciales, va être redéfinie comme une différence variable selon les races, au risque de saper les fondements naturalistes sur lesquels repose cette différence des sexes.
Sexe, race et médecine
Authors: Pereitti-Courtis Delphine
Published: September 2018

Le corps des Africain·e·s devient, à partir de la fin du XVIIIe siècle et tout au long du XIXe siècle, un objet d’étude prisé des médecins français dans un contexte où la taxinomie raciale et les contacts entre Africain·e·s et Européen·ne·s se développent. Les médecins métropolitains, assistés ensuite des médecins coloniaux, dissertent sur l’anatomie des Noir·e·s d’Afrique et sur les contours de leur altérité raciale et sexuelle. Les femmes d’Afrique, et plus particulièrement les Hottentotes et les Boschimanes du Sud du continent, semblent incarner leur race à travers leurs caractères sexuels décrits comme exubérants : la stéatopygie et le tablier. Les attributs sexuels des femmes noires ne constituent pas uniquement un marqueur racial intéressant pour les médecins, leur analyse leur permet aussi d’émettre des hypothèses sur l’hypersexualité africaine. À ces imaginaires médicaux sur le sexe et la sexualité des Africain·e·s s’ajoutent, dans les écrits des médecins français jusqu’au milieu du XXe siècle, de nombreux questionnements sur les causes des mutilations sexuelles.
La construction scientifique des sexes
Authors: Pache Stéphanie , Piccand Laura , Charlap Cécile
Published: September 2018

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Conclusions
Authors: Frère Marie-Soleil , Lits Marc
Published: September 2018

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Viriathe est là : quand le héros antique s’invite dans le présent
Authors: Neves Manuel
Published: September 2018

Les sources gréco-romaines nous racontent le récit de Viriathe, chef lusitanien qui a mis à mal plusieurs légions romaines en Hispanie. Stratège et homme de valeurs, il est érigé au rang de héros national par le Portugal à partir du XVème siècle. Beaucoup plus récemment, un hameau de l’intérieur montagneux du pays s’affiche comme ayant des liens traditionnels avec lui. De manière autonome, l’ensemble de la collectivité construit, valorise et exhibe avec fierté son lien avec Viriathe. Il s’agit ici de rendre compte de l’ensemble des stratégies d’appropriation mises en place dans le renforcement du lien identitaire et sa patrimonialisation.
Les étudiants russes face à l’internationalisation de l’enseignement supérieur
Authors: Gilyuk Oxana
Published: September 2018

Cet article montre que les compétences linguistiques sont inégalement distribuées en Russie contemporaine. La probabilité de devenir mobile internationalement varie alors pour les étudiants russes. De même, ce n’est pas avec une même temporalité ni avec une même légitimité que ces derniers envisagent un voyage d’études à l’étranger. Ces variations sont en lien avec les ressources socio-économiques et culturelles inégales de leurs familles d’origine.