bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los Chinicuiles o gusanos rojos del maguey:
Authors: García Montes Mario Adolfo , Figueredo-Urbina Carmen Julia , Bucio Peña Roberto , Leonel Cruz Armando Leopoldo
Published: June 2023

Los chinicuiles son insectos comestibles que han formado parte importante en la dieta y economía de los pueblos de México. Corresponden a una larva de polilla nocturna perteneciente a la especie Comadia redtenbacheri Hammerschmidt y, forman parte de los insectos barrenadores, en este caso de agaves. Los chinicuiles se posicionan en el mercado culinario de platillos exóticos, se consumen en diversas preparaciones como en las salsas, en tacos y fritos en mantequilla. Viven en dos tipos de magueyes, los silvestres llamados cimarrones o blancos de la especie Agave applanata Hort. ex. K. Koch y la especie cultivada y también silvestre de agave pulquero Agave salmiana Otto ex. Salm-Dyck. Se comercializa en los mercados tradicionales y tianguis. Mediante análisis demográficos, de perturbación y genéticos, documentamos una posible disminución en las poblaciones de estos insectos, y sugiere una relación entre su aprovechamiento y la afectación poblacional de los agaves.
KEŞFEDİCİ VE DOĞRULAYICI FAKTÖR ANALİZİ: KAVRAMSAL BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: KARAMAN Mesut
Published: June 2023

Ölçek geliştirme, geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışmalarında faktör analizleri en önemli kriterlerin başında gelmektedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada öncelikle faktör analizlerine genel olarak değinilmiş daha sonrasında keşfedici ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizlerine kritik noktalarına yer verilmiştir. Araştırmacıların analizleri uygulama sırasında hangi noktalara dikkat etmesi gerektiği vurgulanmıştır. Bu kapsamda literatürde araştırmacılara katkı sağlamak ve ilgili analizler noktasında pratik bilgiler sunmak analiz sırasında dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar üzerinde durmak ve ileride yapılacak araştırmalara bir rehber olması hedeflenmiştir. Bu çalışma ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde geniş bir literatür taraması yapılarak bir derleme halinde hazırlanmıştır.
Development of Ankle-foot Type Pediatric Orthosis by using 3D Printing
Authors:   UEL - UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE LONDRINA, Gomes Herbert Renato Coelho , Sampaio Cláudio Pereira de ,   UEL - UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE LONDRINA, Fabris Sônia Maria ,   UEL - UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE LONDRINA, Vicentin José Antonio ,   UEL - UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE LONDRINA
Published: June 2023

Although 3D printing has benefits to produce orthoses, it is a technology that is not yet widespread within the Unified Health System (SUS). Considering aspects such as the high demand for the pediatric population, the delay in the delivery of orthoses in the public service, and the high cost of new technologies for this application, the aim of this study was to describe a method of making an ankle-foot orthosis using additive manufacturing. and to analyze its advantages and disadvantages, aiming at a possible implementation in clinical practice. This experimental descriptive study followed a development process that included the 3D printing of two experimental versions of an orthosis, made from a pediatric model. Preliminary results in relation to costs and production time indicated benefits, but also the need to improve the virtual modeling and printing process, which should be explored in greater depth by the authors.
Problems Faced by Teachers in Distance Education (Antalya-Korkuteli Example)
Authors: ÇİVİOĞLU Semanur , TAŞ Kemaleddin
Published: June 2023

Araştırma, ortaokullarda ve liselerde öğretim faaliyetleri gerçekleştiren öğretmenlerin uzaktan eğitimde karşılaştığı sorunları belirlemeyi amaç edinmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda araştırmaya 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılında Antalya
ili Korkuteli ilçesinde ortaokullarda ve liselerde öğretim faaliyetleri gerçekleştiren, pandemi sürecinde uzaktan eğitim uygulamalarıyla eğitim veren 135 öğretmen katılmıştır. Araştırma verileri, Metin ve Korkman tarafından geliştirilen
“Uzaktan Eğitim Sürecinde Öğretmenlerin Karşılaştığı Sorunları Belirlemeye Yönelik Ölçek” (2021) ve kişisel bilgi formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Toplanan araştırma verileri SPSS 22.00 programında analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada
ölçekte yer alan maddelere katılım düzeyleri yüzde ve frekans dağılımları göz önünde bulundurularak değerlendirilmiş ve ölçekteki her bir maddenin aritmetik ortalamasına bakılarak derecelendirilmiştir. Yapılan istatistiksel işlemler
sonucunda uzaktan eğitimde öğretmenlerin karşılaştığı sorunların ortalamasının 3,75 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada öğretmenlerin teknolojik gelişmeleri yakından takip edebilmeleri, kendi gelişimlerine katkı sağlayabilmeleri
için halk eğitim kurslarında eğitim verilebileceği ve öğretmenlerin uzaktan eğitimle ilgili olumsuz düşüncelerini bertaraf etmek ve uzaktan eğitimi etkili kullanabilmelerini sağlamak için konferans vb. etkinlikler düzenlenebileceği
önerilmiştir.
Ethnography as a Qualitative Approach Pattern
Authors: BALAMİR Figen
Published: June 2023

Nitel araştırmalar gerçekliğin toplumsal olarak inşa edildiği ve çoklu gerçekliklerin var olduğu üzerine kuruludur. Nitel araştırmalarda araştırma problemine uygun olarak çeşitli desenler kullanılmaktadır. Geçmişi 19. yüzyıl antropologlarına
dayanan etnografi, günümüzde kültür ve insan gruplarıyla ilgili yapılan tüm çalışmalarda kullanılmaktadır. Etnograf, kültürel örüntüleri tespit etmek ve inşa edilen anlam dünyasını keşfetmek için sahada uzun süre kalmalı, çalışma
nesnesi olan topluluğun bütün pratiklerine katılmalıdır. Dolayısıyla araştırmacının katılımcı gözlemci olarak bulunması zorunluluk arz etmektedir. Bu noktada araştırmacı, yoğun betimleme yapmalı, saha notları tutmalı ve katılımcıların
gözünden mevcut anlam dünyasını orada bulunmayanlara aktarmalıdır. Bu çalışmanın temel problemi de Türkiye’de araştırmacıların etnografi hakkındaki yeterli düzeyde malumata sahip olmaması ve etnografinin yapısından kaynaklı çeşitli
zorlukları barındırması olarak belirlenmiştir. Derleme niteliğindeki bu yazıda, ilgili literatür eşliğinde etnografinin bazı güçlü ve zayıf yönlerine dikkat çekilerek araştırma sürecindeki sorunlara karşı çözüm önerileri sunularak
araştırmacıları bu yönde teşvik etmek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada öncelikle nitel araştırma ve etnografik desenin yapısından bahsedildikten sonra, etnografik araştırmalarda karşılaşılabilecek sahaya erişim, araştırmacının içeride/dışarıda
bulunması, saha notlarının yazımı ve etik gibi bazı konulara değinilmiştir. Çalışmada sahada uzun süre kalmaktan ve etnografinin yapısından kaynaklanan bazı zorluklara rağmen bu desenin, dikkatli planlandığında ve sahadaki süreç
iyi yönetildiğinde incelenen alan hakkında oldukça değerli veriler sunabildiği vurgulanmıştır.
Personal Ornamental Items Found in Middle Iron Age Tomb: Urartian Period in Anatolia
Authors: SANCAK Selma , KILIÇ Sinan , SÜRÜN Yenal , YILMAZ Hakan
Published: June 2023

Bu çalışmada Anadolu’nun doğusunda MÖ 9-7. yüzyıllara ait mezarlarda ele geçen kişisel süs eşyaları yaş ve cinsiyetlere göre değerlendirilmektedir. Ayrıca kişisel süslemenin önemi üzerinde durularak kadın, erkek ve çocuklarda farklılıkların
olup olmadığı incelenmektedir. Buna ek olarak Anadolu’daki Urartu mezarlarında ele geçen kişisel süs eşyaları da tanımlanmaktadır. İncelenen mezarlar sosyoekonomik düzeyi yüksek bireylere ait kişisel süs eşyalarıdır. Mezarlardaki
objelerin (mühürler, takılar, egzotik deniz kabuğu boncuğu gibi) nitelikli işçiliği bireylerin sosyoekonomik durumunu ifade etmektedir. Bu eşyalar cinsiyete göre değerlendirildiğinde kadınların erkeklere göre daha çok kişisel süs
eşyası taktıkları saptanmıştır. Cinsiyet açısından kişisel süs eşyalarında belirgin bir çeşitlilik söz konusudur. Kişisel süs eşyaları erkek bireylerde de görülmekle birlikte sayıca daha az olduğu incelenen mezarlardan anlaşılmaktadır.
Bu araştırmanın sonucunda Anadolu’daki Urartu uygarlığında hiyerarşik bakımdan kadınların hem süslenme hem de söz sahipliği konusunda erkekler kadar hatta yer yer onlardan daha üstün bir konumda olduğu söylenebilir. Bu da kadınların
mülk sahibi olabildiği ve mallarını miras bırakıp alabildiğini gösteriyor olabilir. Hatta bu durum Anadolu’daki Urartu uygarlığında bir kast sisteminin olmadığına da işaret eder.
Penanaman Mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla King.) Dengan Metode Bibit Akar Telanjang (Bare-root System)
Authors: Sukendro Andi , Rahma Widra Ananda , Bantara Idi
Published: June 2023

Seedling damage during transportation often occurs in seedling that using container. The use of mahogany seeds sown on cocopeat as bare root seeds is expected to answer the problems during transportation from the nursery to the planting site. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Mahagony seedling age (on cocopeat medium in the nursery) and the length of time to delay planting (bare-root seedling). This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) and factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, namely the age of the seeds and the length of time to delay planting. The results of this study indicated that the growth of mahogany bare root seedlings was influenced by the age of the seedlings and the interaction between the age of the seeds and the delay in planting time. The old seedling (5,5 months old) showed better growth than other treatments. Delay in planting time of up to 6 days is still allowed because it can provide a good growth response.

Keywords: age of seed, bare root seedling, delayed planting time, Swietenia macrophylla.
Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan di Kawasan Lindung Areal IUPHHK-HT PT. Wana Hijau Pesaguan Provinsi Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Istomo Istomo , Hafazallah Khalid
Published: June 2023

Protected area in plantation forest should be managed properly in order to sustainable development. One of the initial steps of the protected area management is by knowing the level of plant diversity which composing the community of its vegetation. The aim of this research is to measure plant diversity in protected area of IUPHHK-HT PT. Wana Hijau Pesaguan in Province West Kalimantan. Vegetation analysis is done at riverbanks, slope area more than 40% and conservation area of biodiversity. The result is that there are found 295 species of plants consisting 222 trees, 32 under storey plants, 38 lianas and 3 epiphytes. Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) values of trees with anystage of growth are about 3.02–4.41, which classified as high level of diversity. Under storey plants and lianas have H’ values about 1.00-3.22 which classified as mid level diversity. The diversity level of epiphytes are low to mid, with H’ values 0-1.04. Similarity Index value between all locations are low (less than 75%) except for epiphytes, which only in conservation area of biodiversity had different epiphytes composition comparing to the other sites.

Key words: plant diversity, plantation forest, protected area, West Kalimantan
A Study of Regional Security Institution in East Asia: U.S. Indo-Pacific Strategy and the Change of the San Francisco System
Authors:   Institute of East and West Studies Yonsei University, Yu Hyun-seok
Published: June 2023

This thesis seeks to understand the causes of changes in the regional security landscape currently occurring in the Indo-Pacific region and analyze the impact of these changes on existing security systems in East Asia region. The US Indo-Pacific strategy which has been pursued in response to the rise of China and its challenges to US influence in the Indo-Pacific region, has precipitated the fundamental changes in the San Francisco System established in the Asia-Pacific region after World War II. The US-centered bilateral alliance network, which has been the backbone of the San Francisco system, continues to be maintained, but the US-led alliance system is reorganized in a way that allies are given new roles to respond to China’s multi-faced challenges. In addition, multilateral institutions, which has played a complementary role, seem to play a key role in the Indo-Pacific strategy along with bilateral alliance networks. Along with this, active cooperation and coordination with the off-shore security system symbolized by cooperation with NATO is also a significant departure from the existing San Francisco system. The emergence of a new security system in the Indo-Pacific region is bound to have a significant impact on the foreign strategies of major countries in the region, including Korea. Although this is a challenge for Korea’s foreign strategy the flourishing of minilateral cooperations also means that a space has been opened for Korea to play a meaningful role in minilateral cooperation in this region. The existing ASEAN-centered multilateral institutions which led regional cooperation in the East Asian region, is facing significant challenges. It was under pressure to find its place in the competition with newly emerging mini/multilateral cooperations and to improve ASEAN’s effectiveness and relevance itself.
Importance of Having Allies with Reconnaissance Satellites Capabilities for Successful Extended Deterrence
Authors:   Institute of East and West Studies Yonsei University, Lee young sang , Kim Woo Sang
Published: June 2023

A revolution in military affairs(RMA) is expected to have a significant impact on militarized interstate disputes. Recent researches show that ballistic missiles, unmanned attack vehicles, and drones affect many aspects of militarized disputes. However, there is few research on the effect of the RMA on extended deterrence. In this study we analyze the effect of military surveillance technology on extended deterrence. In particular, we focus on the presence or absence of allies with reconnaissance satellites because reconnaissance satellite is a technology that can effectively alleviate uncertainty of information compared to other reconnaissance assets. Considering Fearon’s(1995) argument that wars occur because of uncertainty of information and commitment problem, reconnaissance satellites may be able to alleviate these problems with satellites characteristics such as high durability, stability, and few international legal restriction. Results of this study demonstrate that states having allies with reconnaissance satellites capabilities are less likely to be targeted in large scale militarized disputes with 100 or more casualties than states without having allies with reconnaissance satellites capabilities.
Dispersal behaviour of cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) under cotton based granenland agroecosystem of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
Authors:   Dept of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agrl. University,Coimbatore 641003 Tamilnadu., M MURUGAN , S UTHAMASAMY ,   Dept of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agrl. University,Coimbatore 641003 Tamilnadu.
Published: June 2023

Field monitoring of cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci with yellow cylindrical sticky traps at TamilNadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore in a cotton based gardenland cropping system revealed that the population of whitefly showed the same level of dispersal behaviour for the entire period of observation between 1991-1994 with differences in the numerical population level. Residual population was observed on weed hosts viz. Parthenium hysterophorus, Sanchus oleraceus, Boerhaavia diffusa and Trianthema portulacastrum in non-crop periods. The population of whitefly reached the outbreak condition on cotton and soyabean crops during November-February months. Crops raised before, after and or along with cotton such as sunflower and groundnut asssisted the whitefly to sustain; pulses and sesame helped to establish its population during different months. Rabi and winter season sown" crops recorded heavy population build ups owing to the favourable weather factors prevailed during these crop stand periods. Low rainfall, high temperature, moderate relative humidity and high sunshine levels noticed during September to March boosted the quick growth and development of B.tabaci. From the middle of May the population started declining with the onset of South-West monsoon.
Effect of time of sowing and weed management practices in semi dry rice
Authors:   Dept of Agronomy,PanditJawaharlal Nehru College of Agrl.and Research Institute, Karaikal 609 603. Pondecherry., V SELVAM , S N M RAMACHANDRA BOOPATHI ,   Dept of Agronomy,PanditJawaharlal Nehru College of Agrl.and Research Institute, Karaikal 609 603. Pondecherry., A L NARAYANAN ,   Dept of Agronomy,PanditJawaharlal Nehru College of Agrl.and Research Institute, Karaikal 609 603. Pondecherry., R POONGUZHALAN ,   Dept of Agronomy,PanditJawaharlal Nehru College of Agrl.and Research Institute, Karaikal 609 603. Pondecherry.
Published: June 2023

Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute. Madurai. to study the effect of time of sowing along with weed management practices in semidry rice. The treatments included sowing practices such as pre monsoon sowing (one week ahead), pre monsoon sowing (two weeks ahead), sowing immediately after onset of monsoon, in mainplots and herbicide such as pendimethalin, pretilachlor, pretilachlor + safener, in sub plots. No significant difference was noticed among various sowing practices in the main plot. Among the herbicides. pendimethalin recorded the highest grain yield and was on par with pretilachlor + safener at 8 DAR.
Influence of fungicides and insecticides on storability of pearl millet seeds
Authors:   Dept.of Seed Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, P SRIMATHI , K MALARKODI ,   Dept.of Seed Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, G SASTHRI ,   Dept.of Seed Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003
Published: June 2023

Storage experiment was conducted to trace the effect of joint action of insecticides and fungicides with pearl millet cv. Co 7. The result revealed that besides exerting individual effect, Malathion 0.06 ml kg-1, Decis 0.04 ml kg-1 and Thiram 2.5 g kg-1 of seed also had additive effect on storability when combining insecticide + fungicide the seeds received Decis + Thiram treatment preserved the pearl millet germination above the certification standard upto 18 months (90%) when stored in 700 gauge polyethylene bag than in gunny bag. In addition, the insecticide and fungicide combination also protected the paddy from storage fungi and insects.
Performance of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) with intercrops under various planting pattern
Authors:   Regional Research Station,Arupukottai 626 107,Tamil nadu, N CHELLAIAH , U SOLAIAPPAN ,   Regional Research Station,Arupukottai 626 107,Tamil nadu, S SENTHIVEL ,   Regional Research Station,Arupukottai 626 107,Tamil nadu
Published: June 2023

A two year field study on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) based inter cropping systems conducted at Regional Research Station, Aruppukottai revealed that planting of component crops at 3:1 ratio under replacement series was optimum for better growth, increased sunflower grain yield equivalent (1019 kg har') and higher net income (Rs. 6392 kg ha¹) with higher benefit cost ratio (2.69). The yield of sunflower component increased from 718.7 to 805.9 kg ha as planting row ratio gets widened from 2:1 to 4:1 ratio. The yield of intercrops reduced by 17.7 and 33.8 per cent in 3:1 ratio and 4:1 ratio as compared to 2:1 ratio. Among the intercropping systems, sunflower + sesame had recorded the highest mean grain yield equivalent (1082.6 kg ha), mean net income (Rs. 6942 kg ha) coupled with maximum benefit cost ratio (2.87) compared to other intercropping systems. The yield advantage in sunflower + sesame intercropping system was mainly due to efficient utilizaiton of water under rainfed situation.
Influence of seed size and duration of acid sacrification on seed germination of tamarind (Tamarindus indica linn.)
Authors:   Dept.of Seed Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, K PARAMESWARI , P SRIMATHI ,   Dept.of Seed Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, K MALARKODI ,   Dept.of Seed Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003
Published: June 2023

Studies were made to traceout the relationship between seed size and duration of acid scarification in tamarind seed for removal of hard seededness without affecting the quality of seed, The experiment was formulated with different size grades (27/64", 25/64" and 23/64" round perforated metal sieve) and various durations (20, 15 and 10 minutes) of acid scarification with commercial sulphuric acid @ 200 ml kg of seed. The study revealed that seed size and durations of acid scarification are positively related, where bigger sized seed require 20 minutes of acid scarification while it reduced to 15 and 10 minutes with medium and smaller sized seeds, respectively.
Influence of higher levels of NPK on seed cotton yield, seed yield and seed quality characters of cotton cv. MCU 5 and hybrid TCHB 213
Authors:   Dept.of Seed Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, G SASTHRI , C P THIAGARAJAN ,   Dept.of Seed Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, P SRIMATHI ,   Dept.of Seed Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, K MALARKODI ,   Dept.of Seed Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, E P VENKATASALAM ,   Dept.of Seed Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003
Published: June 2023

The variety MCU 5 and hybrid TCHB 213 both responded well for heavy doses of fertilizer levels, eventhough the response to fertilizers was felt much in MCU 5 than TCHB 213. Comparatively more seed cotton yield and seed yield were obtained by a fertilizer dose of 200:150:100 NPK kg ha'. For this levels of NPK, MCU 5 and TCHB registered 2588 and 2750; 1719 and 1846 kg ha-1 seed cotton yield and seed yield respectively. It was 48 and 41 per cent and 51 and 47 per cent higher seed cotton and seed yield than recommended level in MCU 5 and TCHB 213 respectively. Under laboratory condition, the resultant seeds of variety and hybrid recorded significantly higher per cent germination, seedling growth measurements, drymatter production and vigour index with corresponding increase in fertilizer levels except in 200:0:200 NPK kg ha¹
Fungitoxic properties of some essential oils from higher plants
Authors:   Dept of Mycology and Pathology,Inst Of Agri. Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005., O M PRAKASH , V N PANDEY ,   Dept of Mycology and Pathology,Inst Of Agri. Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005., D C PANT ,   Dept of Mycology and Pathology,Inst Of Agri. Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005.
Published: June 2023

Essential oils of Callistemone lanceolatus, Citrus medica, Eclipta alba, Hyptsis suaveolens and Ocimum canum showed fungitoxicity against Rhizoctonia solani, the incitant of damping-off disease. The essential oils of C. media, E.alba and O. canum completely inhibit the growth of the fungus within 24 hours. Other oils take more time. The essential oil of C. lanceolatus was capable of penetrating the soil upto 4 cm while it was 3 and 2 cm respectively for C. medica and O.canum. The essential oil of C. lanceolatus and O.canum could control damping-off disease of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and chilli (Capsicum annum) upto 57.13, 71.44, 40.90 and 83.32 percent respectively.
Lime requirement methods for lateritic solis of Orissa
Authors:   Agricultural Chemistry And Soil Science University College of  Agricultural,Calcutta 700 019., A K DOLUI , K DATTA ,   Agricultural Chemistry And Soil Science University College of  Agricultural,Calcutta 700 019.
Published: June 2023

The lime requirement of fourteen acid soils from Orissa as determined by calcium carbonate incubation method showed significant correlation with pH, product of increase in pH value due to liming and the organic matter content, clay content, exchangeable aluminium and exchange acidity but not with organic matter content or cation exchange capacity. Four lime requirement (LR) methods were evaluated regarding their suitability to these soils. Except Peech's method, the lime requirement as determined by the laboratory methods showed highly significant correlation with that obtained by CaCO, incubation. The New Woodruff did slightly better than Woodruff and SMP in estimating lime requirement and hence the New Woodruff may be recommended for adoption in routine soil testing work.
Optimisation of the parameters related to sunflower seed shelling
Authors:   Dept of Agrl.Processing, College of Agrl, Engg..,Tamilnadu Agrl.University,Coimbatore 641003,Tamilnadu, G AMUTHAN , P T PALANISWAMY ,   Dept of Agrl.Processing, College of Agrl, Engg..,Tamilnadu Agrl.University,Coimbatore 641003,Tamilnadu, R RAGHUPATHY ,   Dept of Agrl.Processing, College of Agrl, Engg..,Tamilnadu Agrl.University,Coimbatore 641003,Tamilnadu, R KALLAPPAN ,   Dept of Agrl.Processing, College of Agrl, Engg..,Tamilnadu Agrl.University,Coimbatore 641003,Tamilnadu
Published: June 2023

In this study shelling of sunflower seed (Co 2 variety) was carried out in a centrifugal dehusker and the various crop and machine parameters were optimized by evaluating the performance of the centrifugal dehusker. The parameters studied were moisture content of the seed at 4 levels viz. 6.5, 9, 12 and 15 per cent (w.b.), peripheral speed of the impeller at 4 levels viz. 1700, 2000, 2300 and 2600 m/min., radius of curvature of the vanes at 4 levels viz 6. 8, 10 and 12 cm and the number of vanes in the impeller at 3 levels viz. 3, 4 and 5 number of vanes. The feed rate was maintained throughout the study as 60 kg hr-1. All the parameters chosen for the study were found to be significant and their interactions were also significant statistically. The maximum shelling efficiency was obtained as 87.72 per cent at a moisture content of 6.5 per cent (w.b.) of the seeds with 4 number of vanes in the impeller, 8 cm radius of curvature of the vanes in the impeller and at a peripheral speed of 2600 m/min. The shelling efficiency was almost same (87.64 per cent) with 5 number of vanes and 12 cm radius of curvature of the vanes for the above said mositure content of the seed and peripheral speed of the impeller.
Sustainable weed management programme for rainfed cotton based cropping system
Authors:   Dept of Weed Science,Fredrick Inst.. of Plant Protection and Toxicology,Padappai 601 301 Tamil Nadu., S GNANASAMBANDAN , P BALAKRISHNA MURTHY ,   Dept of Weed Science,Fredrick Inst.. of Plant Protection and Toxicology,Padappai 601 301 Tamil Nadu., S AYYAPPAN ,   Dept of Weed Science,Fredrick Inst.. of Plant Protection and Toxicology,Padappai 601 301 Tamil Nadu.
Published: June 2023

Field experiments were conducted for two seasons (September '97 to April '98 and October 98 to May '99) at Fredrick Institute of Plant Protection and Toxicology (FIPPAT), Padappai, to develop a sustainable weed management programme in rainfed cotton. Results revealed that, intercropping of soybean and sesame led to weed suppression in rainfed cotton to the extent of 39.6 and 28.4 per cent respectively. The seed cotton yield obtained from cotton + soybean intercropping system under unweeded conditions was similar (1196 kg ha) to the yield of sole cotton supplenfented with single hand weeding alone (1220 kg ha¹). Similarly, single hand weeding operation in the cotton + soybean cropping system resulted in a substantially higher seed cotton yield (1528 kg ha-1), than the yield of sole cotton crop supplemented with two hand weedings (1432 kg ha¹). So, the adoption of Soybean, as a intercrop in rainfed cotton is an effective method for checking the weeds population as well as enhancing the yield potential in rainfed cotton and also labour saving, by minimising to one hand weeding. Similar effects were also found in cotton + sesame intercropping system. Furthermore, in labour scarce situation, the application of pre-emergence herbicide Fluchloralin @ 1.0 kg a.i ha in cotton-soybean intercropping system could be an alternative method.
Biomass partitioning of rice as affected by N sources and rates
Authors:   Dept of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, G DHEEBAKARAN , S RAMASAMY ,   Dept of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003
Published: June 2023

Effect of green manure in combination with different times of N splits as urea nitrogen on biomass partitioning was studied on irrigated lowland rice. Partitioning of photosynthates produced on leaf, stem and root continued up to heading, flowering and ripening phases, respectively. Confining basal N requirement through green leaf manure needs split application of urea-N at active tillering for the production of green leaves and culm production. Applying N in five splits @ 40kg each at basal and P. 20 kg ha' each at active tillering, a week after active tillering and at the time of heading was more useful to divert the photosynthates to leaf, stem, root and panicle in an efficient way for the entire growth period. (
Effect of preservative chemicals on post-harvest behaviour of cut rose Etoile De France
Authors:   Dept of Horticulture,Bridhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya,Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, S MAITRA , M K MONDAL ,   Dept of Horticulture,Bridhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya,Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, N ROYCHOWDHURY ,   Dept of Horticulture,Bridhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya,Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252
Published: June 2023

Blooms of "Etoile De France" a cultivar of rose were treated with vase-solutions containing several proven floral preservative chemicals at various concentrations. Highest water uptake (9.50g) was recorded with distilled water. The total water loss was recorded maximum (9.97g) when placed in distilled water, however it was minimum (2.96g) with the vase solution containing Sucrose (4%) + Silver nitrate (100ppm). The enhancement in the fresh weight was recorded highest (0.70g) in Sucrose (4%)+Silver nitrate (100ppm) treated vase solution. Holding solution containing sucrose (4%) + 8- HQC (300ppm) was proved beneficial for the earliest opening of the flowers (1.00 day) and longer duration of prime beauty (3.50 days). The "bent neck" was recorded minimum with Sucrose (4%) + Aluminium sulphate (0.5%). However the vase- solution treated with Sucrose (4%) + 8-HQC (300ppm) showed the longest post- harvest life (4.50 days) of cut rose flowers.
Mulberry leaf maturity as a stress factor in rearing of CSR hybrid silk worms and its impact on cocoon characters and incidence of diseases
Authors:   Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute,Mysore 570 008,Karnataka., K M VIJAYA KUMARI , M BALAVENKATASUBBAIAH ,   Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute,Mysore 570 008,Karnataka., R K RAJAN ,   Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute,Mysore 570 008,Karnataka., M T HIMANTHARAJ ,   Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute,Mysore 570 008,Karnataka., E NATARAJU ,   Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute,Mysore 570 008,Karnataka., M REKHA ,   Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute,Mysore 570 008,Karnataka.
Published: June 2023

The rearing of newly evolved productive bivoltine hybrid (CSR 2 CSR 5) was conducted with different leaf maturity (50, 65, 80, 90 days after pruning) during fifth instar. The rearing performance and the incidence of diseases were studied under optimum rearing conditions as well as in the presence of 1% infextious source of flacherie and grasserie. The results revealed that the cocoon characters were significantly improved, diseases incidence and spread of diseases were minimised in leaf fed wtih 65 days matured leaf.
Studies on ergonomic problems in agricultural machinery operations
Authors:   Dept of Farm Machinery Agrl. College of Agricultural Engineering Tamil Nadu Agrl University,Coimbatore 641003., M .MUTHAMIL SELVAN , K RANGASAMY ,   Dept of Farm Machinery Agrl. College of Agricultural Engineering Tamil Nadu Agrl University,Coimbatore 641003.
Published: June 2023

To identify the ergonomic problems encountered by the users during operation of various agricultural implements and machinery, a case study was undertaken in Trichy, Pudukkottai and Tiruvannamalai districts of Tamil Nadu by interviewing farmers using prestructured questionnaire. The ergonomical problems faced by the farmers were listed and analysed using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPPS), in terms of postural discomfort jerks/vibrations, pain on body parts, force required and drudgery involved. About 59 per cent of jerks/vibration occurred during initial ploughing operation. Hand tools required "too much" force in operation of animal drawn implements. About 86 per cent of farmers experienced drudgery in operating animal drawn implements whereas only. About 28 per cent of farmers felt drudgery with power operated equipment. Eye/skin irritation was experienced by 65 per cent of workers during pesticide application due to non-use of protective clothing, hand gloves, goggles etc.
Character association studies in blackgram (Vigna mungo (L) Hepper)
Authors:   Department Of Genetics and Plant Breeding S. V. Agricultural College ,ANGRAU, Tirupati Andhra Pradesh., M NAGARAJUNA SAGAR , M REDDI SEKHAR ,   Department Of Genetics and Plant Breeding S. V. Agricultural College ,ANGRAU, Tirupati Andhra Pradesh.
Published: June 2023

Character association analysis in fifty genetically diverse genotypes of blackgram revealed significant positive association of biological yield per plant, pods per plant, clusters per plant, branches per plant, plant height, harvest index and days to maturity with grain yield in decreasing order of their magnitude. Further, it was found that biological yield per plant, harvest index and pods per plant showed high direct effects on grain yield where as high indirect positive effects were shown by other traits through biological yield per plant, harvest index and pods per plant. Hence, these characters appeared to be important for evolving superior genotypes in blackgram.
Sociological analysis on the paddy crop yield competition of Tamil Nadu
Authors:   Department of Agrl Extension and Rural Sociology,Tamil Nadu Agrl,University Coimbatore 641 003,, V KRISHNA KUMAR , C KARTHIKEYAN ,   Department of Agrl Extension and Rural Sociology,Tamil Nadu Agrl,University Coimbatore 641 003,, K CHANDRAKANDAN ,   Department of Agrl Extension and Rural Sociology,Tamil Nadu Agrl,University Coimbatore 641 003,
Published: June 2023

Crop yeild competition scheme was implemeted by the state department of Agriculture at state and district level. This is as Ex-post facto study conducted in eight district of Tamilnadu. The state level respondents numbering eight and district level respondents numbering 22 was selected purposively. The motivating factor behind the participation in the crop yield competition scheme was adequate water supply and favorable farm production circumstance. Two thirds of the prize winners disseminated the technology adopted by them to their friends and neighbours they also exhibited opinion leadership quality in areas such as, crop production and crop protection.
Effect of Zine Boron on growth and quality of grapes cv.Museat
Authors:   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, P SINGARAM , P C PRABU ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: June 2023

Soil and Foliar application of micronutrients viz. Zn and B applied either individually or in combination enhanced the growth and quality of six year old matured muscat grapes under irrigated conditions. Foliar application of ZnSO, 0.5 per cent + borax 0.2 per cent combination applied twice during vegetative and full bloom stages excelled others in increasing the shoot length number of internodes shoot, number of leaves shoot' and quality characters with highest juice per cent, total soluble solids (TSS), total sugars, sugar/acid ratio and lowest acidity.
Combining ability analysis in Black gram (Vigna mungo L.)
Authors:   Sugarcane Breading Institute,Coimbatore 641 007,Tamil Nadu., P GOVINDARAJ , M SUBRAMANAIAN ,   Directorate of Research,TNAU, Coimbatore 641 003 Tamilnadu
Published: June 2023

A study was conducted in blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hopper) to assess the combining ability of the parents as well as hybrids involving 5 lines and 5 testers crossed in LxT pattern. The GCA/SCA ratio has indicated that all the ten characters studied were found to be predominantly controlled by non- additive genes. The parents UH 80-9 and PDU 1 revealed high GCA effects for most of the characters, followed by COBG 302 and COBG 301. Among the hybrids PDU 1 x COBG 9 for days to 50 per cent flowering, Pant U-30 x COBG 301 for seed yield and PDU 1 x COBG 301 for seed protein exhibited the highest SCA effects coupled with high per sc performance.
Inluence of canopy position of fruit on seed and seedling quality characters of amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.)
Authors:   Dept.of Seed Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, P SRIMATHI , K MALARKODI ,   Dept.of Seed Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, G SASTHRI ,   Dept.of Seed Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, K VANANGAMUDI ,   Dept.of Seed Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003
Published: June 2023

Studies were made with Emblica to trace the influence of canopy position of fruit on seed and seedling qualitites for three years. The results expressed fruit and seed characters of top canopy were superior compared to medium and bottom. An increasing trend was evident with increase in years of collection in fruit and seed characters. But seedling characters were found to be independent of years of collection.
Integrated weed management in soybean
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu, V RAVI , S MURALI KRISHNASAMY ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu, K GANESAMURTHY ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu
Published: June 2023

In soybean, weed control trials were conducted in standy loam. The results indicated that pre- emergence application of metolachlor at 1.0 Kg ha' on 3 days after sowing (DAS)+ one hand weeding at 20 DAS controlled weeds effectively. The plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant and grain yields were on par with weed free check.
Vamban 3 Blackgram : A yellow mosaic resistant variety
Authors:   National Pulses Research Centre,Vamban 622 30,Tamilnadu., N MANIVANNAN , P VEERABADHIRAN ,   National Pulses Research Centre,Vamban 622 30,Tamilnadu., N RAMAMOORTHI ,   National Pulses Research Centre,Vamban 622 30,Tamilnadu., S MURUGESAN ,   National Pulses Research Centre,Vamban 622 30,Tamilnadu., K MOHANASUNDARAM ,   National Pulses Research Centre,Vamban 622 30,Tamilnadu., P L VISWANATHAN ,   National Pulses Research Centre,Vamban 622 30,Tamilnadu., E MURUGAN ,   National Pulses Research Centre,Vamban 622 30,Tamilnadu., N NADARAJAN ,   National Pulses Research Centre,Vamban 622 30,Tamilnadu., N GANAPATHI ,   National Pulses Research Centre,Vamban 622 30,Tamilnadu., K SETHURAMAN ,   National Pulses Research Centre,Vamban 622 30,Tamilnadu., S NATARAJAN ,   National Pulses Research Centre,Vamban 622 30,Tamilnadu.
Published: June 2023

The black gram genotype VBG 18 is a cross derivative from LBG 402 X LBG 17. It matures in 65-70 days. This culture rcorded high seed yield in station trials, multilocation trials and adaptive research trials. The average seed yield is about 775 and 826 kg/ha respectively in irrigated and rainfed conditions. The highest yield potential is 1800 kg/ha. It showed resistance to yellow mosaic virus disease and moderate resistance to powdery mildew and pod borer damage. Hence, the culture VBG 18 is released as Vamban 3 black gram for commercial cultivation in Tamil Nadu during 2000.
Estimation of runoff and soil loss for a hilly watershed
Authors: M MUTHAMIL SELVAN , K SUBRAMANIAN ,   College of Agricultural Engeering,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, V RAJENDRAN ,   College of Agricultural Engeering,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, K RANGASAMY ,   College of Agricultural Engeering,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003
Published: June 2023

Estimation and analysis of rainfall-runoff-discharge data for a watershed would be of great use. for optimum planning and managing the watershed. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was used to estimate the annual soil loss from a hilly watershed in the Nilgiris. A set of linear regression models were developed by relating (1) rainfall and runoff, (2) rainfall and soil loss and they can be used for prediction of the runoff and soil loss for the watershed. Packages of soil and water conservation measures were recommendd for the watershed as the present rinoff and soil loss wre found to be enormous.
Effect of soil reaction and organic matter on germination and seedling vigour of Babul (Acacia nilotica Linn.)
Authors:   Agricultural Engeering College And Research Institute Kumulur 621 712 Tamilnadu., P MASILAMANI , K ANNADURAI ,   Agricultural Engeering College And Research Institute Kumulur 621 712 Tamilnadu., P SARAVANAPANDIAN ,   Agricultural Engeering College And Research Institute Kumulur 621 712 Tamilnadu., A BHARATHI ,   Agricultural Engeering College And Research Institute Kumulur 621 712 Tamilnadu.
Published: June 2023

An experiment was conducted to find out the effect of different soil pH along with nursery mixture on germination, seeding vigour and chemical attributes of Acacia nilotica at Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Kumulur, Tiruchirappalli during February 1999. The seeds were sown in soil with different pH (8.1, 9.0, 10.2 and 10.5) and the differential pH soil mixed with sand + farm yard manure (2:1:1 ratio) compared with control (red earth + sand+farm yard manure 2:1:1 ratio). The result revealed that Acacia nilotica has a wider range of adaptability in relation to pH. The species is able to tolerate extreme soil pH of 10.5, when the soil is mixed with sand and farm yard manure at 2:1:1 ratio, in terms of germination, seedling growth and chemical attributes of the seedlings.
Effect of irrigation regimes and nitrogen levels growth, yield and quality of baby corn
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, S D SUNDAR SINGH
Published: June 2023

Field experiments were conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University during summer and kharif, 1997 to study the effect of irrigation regimes nitrogen levels and their interaction on baby corn. Three levels of irrigation regime viz. irrigation at 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 IW/CPE ratio were assigned to main plots and five levels of N viz. 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 Kg ha¹ were allotted to sub-plots. All the treatments were replicated thrice. Different irrigation regimes and N levels exerted favorable influence on plant height and dry matter production. These parameters were increased with higher soil moisture regime of 1.00 IW/ CPE ratio coupled with application of 150 Kg N hat The yield attributes viz. number of cobs per plant and young cob yield were higher with irrigation scheduled at 1.00 IW/CPE ratio along with N at 150 Kg ha. Similar trend was also observed in the case of stover yield and crude protein. However no significant effect was recorded on Vitamin C content. The total water used was higher under irrigation at 1.00 TW/ CPE ratio whereas the water use efficiency was higher at 0.50 IW/CPE ratio. The interaction effect between irrigation regimes and N levels was significant for all the growth and yield parameters.
Soil tests for available zinc and their relation with inorganic zinc fractions in acid solis of Karnataka
Authors:   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, . VASUDEVA , R ANANTHA NARAYANA ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: June 2023

Six extractants were tried viz. 0.1 N HCI, 0.05 N HCI 0.025 N H2SO4 DTPA (pH 7.3), EDTA-NH,OAc, EDTA (pH 9) and 2 N MgCl2 to asses the available Zn status of the acid soils of Kamataka. The extracted amounts of Zn by varioius extractants were correlated with inorganic Zn fractions. The extracting power of different extractants was in the order of 0.1 N HCI 0.05 N HCI 0.025 N H2SO4 DTPA (pH 7.3)> EDTA (pH 9) > 2 N MgCl2 EDTA-NH4OAC. Simple correlation revealed that DTPA (pH 7.3) had a better correlation with exchangeable (r=0.68**), organically bound (r=0.61**), manganese oxide bound (r=0.56**), amorphous iron oxide bound (r=0.47*) and crystalline iron oxide bound (r=0.38*) zinc.
Breeding behaviour of triploids in back crosses with Arachis hypogaea
Authors:   Regional Research Station,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,Vridhachalam  606 001 Tamil Nadu, P VINDHIYA VARMAN
Published: June 2023

The diploid (2n = 20) wild species of Arachis are the potential sources of resistance to many pests and diseases. The diploid wild sp. A. cardenasii was hybridized with CV. VRI 2 of A. hypogaea (2n = 40) The resultant triploids (2n = 30) were partially fertile. The pollen of the triploids were utilised for back crossing again with A. hypogaea. There were three distinct form of plants obtained in BC1F1. The pollen of the BC1F1 were utilized for back crossing again with A. hypogaea. The resultant BC1F1 were studied. The complete fertility restoration Iwas observed in form I in the immediate back cross, whereas it was observed in the second back cross in form II. Hence, triploids is also a potential source for genetic introgression in groundnut.
Influence of dehydration temperature and pretreatment to control browning and preservation of onion flakes
Authors:   Dept of Agrl.Processing, College of Agrl, Engg..,Tamilnadu Agrl.University,Coimbatore 641003,Tamilnadu, P RAJKUMAR , V V SREENARAYANAN ,   Dept of Agrl.Processing, College of Agrl, Engg..,Tamilnadu Agrl.University,Coimbatore 641003,Tamilnadu
Published: June 2023

Influence of dehydration temperatures and pre-treatment levels to control browning and preservation were assessed by dehydrating Pusa White onion slices at 50°, 60° and 70°C temperatures with 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 per cent of potassium metabi-sulphite as a pre-treatment. The time required for dehydration was comparatively lesser for the pre-treated samples than control in all the selected temperatures. From the biochemical analyses it was observed that the ascorbic acid retention was comparatively higher at 50°C with 0.4 percent sulphitation level; the sugar content was significantly higher at 50°C in control samples and the non-enzymatic browning was comparatively lesser at 60°C with 0.3 percent sulphitation level. From the organoleptic study it was observed that the onion flakes dehydrated at 60°C with 0.3 percent sulphitation level scored the maximum points. A progressive increase in moisture content, reduction in ascorbic acid and rehydration ratio were also observed during storage.
Stability of yield and its components in black gram
Authors:   Agricultural Research Station,Pattukottai 614 602 tamilnadu
Published: June 2023

Sixty five genotypes of black gram consisting of fifteen parents and their fifty hybrids. were evaluated for stability in four environments differentiated by locations. Both linear and non-linear components of G x E interaction were significant for clusters/plant and pods/plant, while only non-linear component was significant for grain yield. The study of stability parameters revealed that the parent T9 and hybrids ADT 3 x TAU 5 were found to be stable over the I environments with desirable high mean yield.