bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Squalene–polyethyleneimine–dynamic constitutional frameworks enhancing the enzymatic activity of carbonic anhydrase
Authors: Su Dan-Dan , Aissou Karim , Zhang Yan , Gervais Virginie , Ulrich Sebastien , Barboiu Mihail
Published: April 2022

Carbonic anhydrase is an essential enzyme that catalyzes the hydration/dehydration of carbon dioxide, which is highly relevant to carbon capture processes. It's encapsulation in dynameric capsules enhance its activity, durability and stability.
From tandem to catalysis – organic solvent nanofiltration for catalyst separation in the homogeneously W-catalyzed oxidative cleavage of renewable methyl 9,10-dihydroxystearate
Authors: Vondran Johanna , Peters Marc , Schnettger Alexander , Sichelschmidt Christian , Seidensticker Thomas
Published: April 2022

Phosphotungstic acid is applied as a homogeneous catalyst for oxidative cleavage of methyl 9,10-dihydroxystearate, allowing for retention of the catalyst via organic solvent nanofiltration.
Major contaminants of emerging concern in soils: a perspective on potential health risks
Authors: Maddela Naga Raju , Ramakrishnan Balasubramanian , Kakarla Dhatri , Venkateswarlu Kadiyala , Megharaj Mallavarapu
Published: April 2022

Contaminants of emerging concern: sources, soil burden, human exposure, and toxicities.
Electrically modulated relaxation dynamics of pre-stretched droplets post switched-off uniaxial extensional flow
Authors: Behera Nalinikanta , Chakraborty Suman
Published: April 2022

Droplets are known to elongate in extensional flow and exhibit capillary instabilities following flow cessation.
Effect of catalyst support on cobalt catalysts for ethylene oligomerization into linear olefins
Authors: Jonathan Alvin , Dastidar Raka G. , Wang Chengrong , Dumesic James A. , Huber George W.
Published: April 2022

Here, we show that the oligomerization activity of a carbon-supported cobalt oxide catalyst is nearly twice as high when it is supported on a less oxidized carbon support.
Sc and Y bis(alkyl) complexes supported by bidentate and tridentate amidinate ligands. Synthesis, structure and catalytic activity in polymerization of isoprene and 1-heptene
Authors: Tolpygin Aleksei O. , Sachkova Anastasia A. , Mikhailychev Alexander D. , Ob'edkov Anatoly M. , Kovylina Tatyana A. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Fukin Georgy K. , Trifonov Alexander A.
Published: April 2022

Bis(alkyl) Sc and Y complexes activated with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] and AliBu3 provide 40–100% conversion of 500 equivalents of 1-heptene in 24 h to afford the polymer samples with Mn = 1.55–190.2 × 103 and Mw/Mn = 1.55–3.87.
Dielectric properties correlation with microstructure in ABi4Ti4O15 (A = Sr, Ba) bismuth layered ferroelectrics
Authors: Sharma Vipul Kumar , Nathawat Rashi , Rathore Satyapal S.
Published: April 2022

The structural, dielectric and piezoelectric properties were tailored by a single step processing, 'thermal etching’ and their correlation in Aurivillius ABi4Ti4O15 (A = Sr, Ba) functional ceramics were investigated.
Preparation and properties of a polyurethane film based on novel photochromic spirooxazine chain extension
Authors: Gao He , Liu Guojie , Cui Congcong , Wang Min , Gao Jun
Published: April 2022

A smart polyurethane material with good photoresponsiveness and reversible surface wettability based on a photoresponsive chain extender (SO–OH).
Donor–acceptor strategy to construct near infrared AIEgens for cell imaging
Authors: Yang Xinyu , Li Chunbin , Liu Lingxiu , Zhang Hongge , Feng Hai-Tao , Li Yongdong , Jiang Guoyu , Wang Jianguo
Published: April 2022

A donor–acceptor strategy was applied to construct NIR AIEgens. Six new AIEgens were obtained and among them, DMNIC exhibited the longest emission maximum at 694 nm and was successfully applied for NIR cell imaging.
Nanoconfinement in miniemulsion increases reaction rates of thiol–ene photopolymerization and yields high molecular weight polymers
Authors: Infante Teixeira Lorena , Landfester Katharina , Thérien-Aubin Héloïse
Published: April 2022

Photoinitiated thiol–ene polymerization was performed in bulk and miniemulsion. We show that the compartmentalization of the reaction inside nanodroplets led to faster reaction kinetics and yielded polymers with higher molecular weight.
Simple, quick and green isolation of cannabinoids from complex natural product extracts using sustainable mesoporous materials (Starbon®)
Authors: Attard Thomas M. , Goodwin Christopher , Nalivaika Povilas , Attard Jennifer , Budarin Vitaliy L. , Lanot Alexandra , Bove Damien , Clark James H. , McElroy Con Robert
Published: April 2022

The current process to purify cannabidiol (CBD) from C. sativa extract is long and intensive, requiring multiple steps. Starbon based solid phase extraction (SPE) can isolate cannabinoids in a single simple step.
Intriguing interfacial characteristics of the CS contact with MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se, Te) and MXY ((X ≠ Y) = S, Se, Te) monolayers
Authors: Khan H. , Ashraf M. U. , Idrees M. , Din H. U. , Nguyen Chuong V. , Amin B.
Published: April 2022

Electronic band structure, type of Schottky contact and Schottky barrier height established at the interface of the CS–MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se, Te) and CS–MXY ((X ≠ Y) = S, Se, Te) MS vdWH.
Synthesis of water-soluble ionic terpolymers by inverse microemulsion and solution polymerization methods
Authors: Calvillo-Muñoz Evelyn Y. , Vega-Paz Araceli , Guzman-Lucero Diego , Lijanova Irina V. , Olivares-Xometl Octavio , Likhanova Natalya V.
Published: April 2022

Terpolymers based on acrylamide,N-vinylpyrrolidone and (vinylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride (VBTA) were synthesized using inverse microemulsion and solution methods. The microemulsion promoted the incorporation of VBTA in the terpolymer structure.
Hydrogen production rates of aluminum reacting with varying densities of supercritical water
Authors: Trowell Keena , Goroshin Sam , Frost David , Bergthorson Jeffrey
Published: April 2022

Hydrogen production rates of aluminum reacting with various densities of supercritical water are determined using a novel method. High-density supercritical water is found to be the most efficient oxidizer, in terms of both reaction rates and yields.
Mesoporous K-doped NiCo2O4 derived from a Prussian blue analog: high-yielding synthesis and assessment as oxygen evolution reaction catalyst
Authors: Kim Nam Woon , Yu Hyunung , Oh Jihun
Published: April 2022

OER characteristics of K-doped NiCo2O4 catalyst and K doping control through simple hydrothermal synthesis.
Preparation of a reusable and pore size controllable porous polymer monolith and its catalysis of biodiesel synthesis
Authors: Chen Weiqing , Wu Zhaoji , Wang Zhengge , Chen Changjiu , Zhang Zhigang
Published: April 2022

A novel pore size controllable sulfonated porous polymer monolith was fabricated using organic microspheres as pore-forming agents. The monolith exhibited excellent catalytic activity in the synthesis of biodiesel.
The attitude to learning chemistry instrument (ALChI): linking sex, achievement, and attitudes
Authors: Montes L. H. , Ferreira R. A. , Rodríguez C.
Published: April 2022

Attitudes towards learning chemistry have been little studied in secondary school students, especially regarding dimensions related to problem solving, the molecular atomic perspective of chemistry, and real-world connection of chemistry. In the present study, we first aimed to design and assess the psychometric properties of the attitude to learning Chemistry instrument (ALChI). A second aim of the study was to assess sex differences and the relation between achievement and attitudes. Participants were 503 secondary school students, from a central southern region of Chile, who answered a 23-item version of the ALChI. The results of the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed that an 18-item scale was most appropriate grouped into four factors: real world connection (RWC), perceived difficulty in problem-solving (PDPS), confidence in problem solving (CPS), and atomic molecular perspective of chemistry (AMPCh). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the four-factor structure of the model, with optimal fit indexes. Sex factorial invariance was also obtained for configural, metric, and scalar models, demonstrating that ALChI was invariant for sex. Reliability analysis showed moderate to good indices, which suggests good internal consistency of ALChI. On a descriptive level, the highest mean was for the CPS subscale, which entails that students showed a favourable disposition towards their ability to succeed in solving chemistry problems. A structural equation multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) model was conducted to compare factor latent means for sex and assess the relationship between achievement and attitude latent variables. These analyses revealed that achievement was positively associated with all four latent factors. However, no difference by sex was observed across all four factor means. These findings are partially in line with the results from previous studies in more developed countries where attitudes towards chemistry have been consistently linked to academic performance and male students tend to have more positive attitudes than their female counterpart. Our findings are of relevance for researchers, school teachers, and secondary school students since attitudes towards learning chemistry play an important role in choosing a future career path.
Direct visible-light-induced synthesis of P-stereogenic phosphine oxides under air conditions
Authors: Zhang Ying , Yuan Jia , Huang Guanglong , Yu Hong , Liu Jinpeng , Chen Jian , Meng Sixuan , Zhong Jian-Ji , Dang Li , Yu Guang-Ao , Che Chi-Ming
Published: April 2022

We describe a simple and efficient visible-light-induced C–P bond forming reaction for the synthesis of P-chiral heteroaryl phosphine oxides in moderate to high yields with excellent ee values (97–99% ee).
Ligand-promoted palladium-catalyzed β-methylene C–H arylation of primary aldehydes
Authors: Yang Ke , Li Zhi , Liu Chong , Li Yunjian , Hu Qingyue , Elsaid Mazen , Li Bijin , Das Jayabrata , Dang Yanfeng , Maiti Debabrata , Ge Haibo
Published: April 2022

Aliphatic aldehydes are among the most common structural units in organic and medicinal chemistry research. Direct C–H functionalization has enabled efficient and site-selective derivatization of aliphatic aldehydes.
Consolidating a Pb–X framework via multifunctional passivation with fluorinated zwitterions for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Hanyu , Zou Wenjing , Ouyang Yukun , Deng Xiong , Luo Hu , Xu Juehao , Liu Xingchong , Li Haimin , Gong Xiaoli , Lei Yue , Ni Yafei , Peng Yongshan
Published: April 2022

Multifunctional fluorinated D-PFPAA zwitterions can reduce the number of ionic defects and consolidate Pb–X framework, suppressing ion migration, and form a hydrophobic barrier, significantly improving the power conversion efficiency and stability.
Influence of regioisomerism in bis(terpyridine) based exciplexes with delayed fluorescence
Authors: Schleper A. Lennart , Hillebrandt Sabina , Bannwarth Christoph , Mischok Andreas , Kwon Seonil , Buchner Florian , Tenopala-Carmona Francisco , Behm R. Jürgen , Goll Felix D. , Welscher Philipp J. , Usselmann Michael , Ziener Ulrich , Gather Malte C. , Kuehne Alexander J. C.
Published: April 2022

Structural diversity of different BTPs in exciplexes together with TCTA is investigated, to improve their performance in TADF OLEDs.
Machine learning‐assisted direction‐of‐arrival accuracy enhancement technique using oversized lens‐loaded cavity
Authors: Abbasi Muhammad Ali Babar , Yurduseven Okan , Akinsolu Mobayode O. , Fusco Vincent F. , Liu Bo , Khalily Mohsen , Cotton Simon L. , Imran Muhammad Ali
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a framework for achieving machine learning (ML)‐assisted direction‐of‐arrival (DoA) accuracy enhancement using a millimetre‐wave (mmWave) dynamic aperture. The technique used for the enhanced DoA estimation accuracy leverages an over‐sized lens‐loaded cavity antenna connected to a single RF chain in the physical layer and a computational method in the computational layer of the framework. It is shown for the first time that by introducing a reconfigurable mode‐mixing mechanism inside the over‐sized lens‐loaded cavity hardware, a greater number of spatially orthogonal radiation modes can be achieved giving rise to many cavity states. If the best cavity state is determined and selected by means of design exploration using a contemporary ML‐assisted antenna optimisation method, the computational DoA estimation accuracy can be improved. The mode‐mixing mechanism in this work is a randomly oriented metallic scatterer located inside an over‐sized constant−ϵr lens‐loaded cavity, connected to a stepper motor that is electronically controlled by inputs from the computational layer of the presented framework. Measurement results in terms of near‐field radiation mode scans are included in this study to verify and validate that the proposed ML‐assisted framework enhances the DoA estimation accuracy. Moreover, this investigation simultaneously provides a simplification in the physical layer implementation of mmWave radio hardware, and DoA accuracy enhancement, which in turn lends itself favourably to the adoption of the proposed framework for channel sounding in mmWave communication systems.
Transient obscuration event captured in NGC 3227
Authors: Mao J. , Kaastra J. S. , Mehdipour M. , Kriss G. A. , Wang Y. , Grafton-Waters S. , Branduardi-Raymont G. , Pinto C. , Landt H. , Walton D. J. , Costantini E. , Di Gesu L. , Bianchi S. , Petrucci P.-O. , De Marco B. , Ponti G. , Fukazawa Y. , Ebrero J. , Behar E.
Published: April 2022

Context. A growing number of transient X-ray obscuration events in type I active galactic nuclei suggest that our line of sight to the central engine is not always free. Multiple X-ray obscuration events were reported in the nearby Seyfert 1.5 galaxy NGC 3227 from 2000 to 2016. In late 2019, another X-ray obscuration event was identified with Swift. Two coordinated target-of-opportunity observations with XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) were triggered in November and December 2019 to study this obscuration event.

Aims. We aim to constrain the physical properties of the absorbing material (i.e., the obscurer) that caused the X-ray obscuration event in late 2019. We also aim to compare the handful of obscuration events in NGC 3227 and other Seyfert galaxies.

Methods. For each observation, we analyzed the time-averaged X-ray spectra collected with XMM-Newton and NuSTAR. We performed photoionization modeling with the SPEX code, which allows us to constrain the intrinsic continuum simultaneously with various photoionized absorption and emission components.

Results. Similar to previous transient X-ray obscuration events in NGC 3227, the one caught in late 2019 is short-lived (less than five months). If the obscurer has only one photoionized component, the two X-ray observations in late 2019 cannot be explained by the same obscurer that responds to the varying ionizing continuum. Due to the unknown geometry of the obscurer, its number density and distance to the black hole cannot be well constrained. The inferred distance covers at least two orders of magnitude, from the broad-line region to the dusty torus. Unlike some other X-ray obscuration events in Seyfert galaxies, such as NGC 5548 and NGC 3783, no prominent blueshifted, broad absorption troughs were found in the 2019 HST/COS spectra of NGC 3227 when compared with archival UV spectra. This might be explained if the X-ray obscurer does not intercept our line of sight to (a significant portion of) the UV-emitting region. Understanding the variety of observational differences in the X-ray obscuration events observed so far is not straightforward. Future observations with high-quality data are needed to unveil the nature of the X-ray obscuration events.
Review on recent advances in cold plasma technology
Authors: Divya Deepak G.
Published: April 2022

This paper reviews the technological advancements of cold atmospheric pressure plasma technology (CAPPT) in various fields that include medicine, agriculture, and industry. In recent years, cold plasma technology has received considerable interest due to its inherent benefits that include- free radicals for inactivation of microbes, eco-friendliness, cheap operational cost, simplicity of operation, and portability of devices. Various working gases (nitrogen, argon, and helium) and various mechanisms (dielectric barrier discharge, corona discharge, floating electrodes) have been implemented for generating cold plasma at room temperature. Overall CAPPT technology has proved to be an efficient and potent tool offering both technological and biomedical applications.
Une clinique de la déliaison, une reprise du rêve traumatique
Authors: Malfait Anne
Published: April 2022

La clinique de l’exil dans la rencontre avec des sujets présentant des états déliés complexes, interroge le dispositif de nouage des registres Réel, Symbolique, Imaginaire pour ceux-ci. Parmi les phénomènes de répétition, le rêve traumatique surgit avec ses effets de rupture : un réel affleure.

À l’appui de l’hypothèse de la déliaison des registres, celle-ci contribue à désaffilier le sujet du champ de l’Autre fragilisant l’abri que constitue l’ordre symbolique. Cette clinique exemplifie et actualise la disjonction structurelle présente, entre le réel du corps d’une part, et l’image unifiée du corps, d’autre part, même si la prévalence du symbolique et le primat du langage ont introduit le sujet dans la fonction métaphorique et la médiation du fantasme. L’adresse à l’analyste dans le transfert peut venir constituer pour un sujet un lieu d’appui, afin d’y tenter un re-nouage subjectif, notamment par un travail sur l’affect, « vraie touche du réel ».
Interhemispheric variability of the electron density and derived parameters by the Swarm satellites during different solar activity – Erratum
Authors: Kotova Daria , Jin Yaqi , Miloch Wojciech
Published: April 2022

This Erratum serves to correct a misplaced part of the text and a Figure 1 caption.
Physikalische Medizin
Rehabilitationsmedizin Kurortmedizin
Authors: Lieb Max Emanuel
Published: April 2022

Physikalische und Rehabilitative Medizin als klinisch-praktisches
Fachgebiet im Kontext der rehabilitativen Gesundheitsstrategie

Im Rahmen der Entwicklungen der Aus- und Weiterbildung ergaben sich in den letzten
Jahren für unser Fachgebiet viele Veränderungen. Auch weiterhin ist
vieles im Fluss. Viele dieser Änderungen haben einen normativen Charakter
für die zukünftige Entwicklung. Selten zuvor ergibt sich dabei so
häufig die Frage nach der Einordnung der Physikalischen und Rehabilitativen
Medizin (PRM) in den gesamten Kontext der Rehabilitation.
Abklärung der Alzheimer-Demenz – akademische Spielerei oder sinnvolle klinische Maßnahme?
Authors: Tatò Maia , Perneczky Robert
Published: April 2022

Immer mehr Menschen leiden an einer Demenz, deren häufigste Ursache die Alzheimer-Krankheit ist. Die Abklärung der Alzheimer-Demenz ist aufwendig und ihre klinische Relevanz angesichts fehlender spezifischer Therapien unsicher. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist ein gestuftes Vorgehen sinnvoll. Besteht der Verdacht auf eine Alzheimer-Demenz, sollten Anamnese, körperliche und psychiatrische Untersuchung, neuropsychologische Testdiagnostik, Bluttests und zerebrale Bildgebung erfolgen. Diese Maßnahmen erlauben in vielen Fällen eine diagnostische Einordnung. In unklaren Fällen kommen heute Biomarker-Tests zunehmend zum Einsatz. Wissen über die Diagnose hilft den Betroffenen, die Prognose einzuschätzen, ihre Zukunft zu planen und Therapieangebote in Anspruch zu nehmen. Die Zulassung von Aducanumab in den USA, Phase-3-Studien weiterer Antikörperstrategien und die Entwicklung neuer Blutbiomarker machen zudem Hoffnung für die Zukunft.
Neutralisierende monoklonale Antikörper bei COVID-19: eine Fallserie aus der Hausarztpraxis
Authors: Böbel Markus , Joos Stefanie , Förster Christian
Published: April 2022

Hintergrund Neutralisierende monoklonale Antikörper (mAK) gegen SARS-CoV-2 reduzieren bei Patienten mit Risikofaktoren die Schwere des Verlaufs von COVID-19. Für ihre Wirksamkeit ist die frühzeitige Gabe zu Infektionsbeginn entscheidend. In diesem frühen Stadium der Erkrankung ist der Hausarzt/die Hausärztin erster Ansprechpartner und somit zentral für den weiteren Verlauf. Bisher kommen mAK jedoch nur selten im hausärztlichen Setting zum Einsatz. Diese Fallserie soll zeigen, dass die Gabe von mAK auch in der Hausarztpraxis sicher durchführbar ist.

Kasuistiken Es werden 7 Fälle mit Risiko für einen schweren Verlauf von COVID-19 berichtet. Zwei von ihnen waren ungeimpft, 5 unter medikamentöser Immunsuppression und ein Patient hatte ein erhöhtes Risiko durch Trisomie-21. Alle Patientinnen und Patienten wurden im Januar/Februar 2022 in der Hausarztpraxis erfolgreich mit dem mAK Sotrovimab behandelt, 2 von ihnen als Hausbesuch. Anhand der Fälle werden klinische Eckdaten und ein praxisnahes Handling dieser Therapieform geschildert.

Schlussfolgerung Neutralisierende mAK können sicher und mit überschaubarem Aufwand im ambulanten Sektor verabreicht werden und bei Patienten mit COVID-19 und Risikofaktoren dazu beitragen, schwere Verläufe und Krankenhausaufnahmen zu vermeiden.
WALANT na osteossíntese percutânea do escafoide
Authors: Folberg Celso Ricardo , Alves Jairo André de Oliveira , Pereira Fernando Maurente Sirena , Pedrozo Vitor Bernardes
Published: April 2022

As fraturas do escafoide representam entre 50 e 70% de todas as fraturas dos ossos do carpo. A osteossíntese percutânea do escafoide pode usar a abordagem dorsal ou volar, ambas com bons resultados. É mais comumente realizada sob anestesia geral ou bloqueio nervoso regional. A técnica de anestesia local com o paciente totalmente acordado e sem torniquete (WALANT, na sigla em inglês) já é considerada uma técnica segura e eficaz na cirurgia da mão. A anestesia local com epinefrina causa vasoconstrição, o que evita o uso de torniquete e, consequentemente, a necessidade de sedação do paciente. Assim, a possibilidade de testar a estabilidade da fixação sob forças fisiológicas é outra grande vantagem do uso da anestesia local. Na técnica descrita aqui, o movimento ativo do punho e da mão pode ser testado imediatamente após a fixação escafoide. A técnica WALANT tem sido cada vez mais utilizada na cirurgia da mão em partes moles e na fixação de fraturas de metacarpo e falanges. No entanto, até o momento, não há literatura publicada abordando o uso dessa técnica na osteossíntese percutânea do escafoide. O objetivo desta nota técnica é descrever o uso de WALANT tanto para a abordagem dorsal quanto volar na osteossíntese percutânea do escafoide.
Endoscopic Sponge Vacuum Therapy for Large Infected Esophagus Pleural Fistula
Authors: Bhaware Bhushan , Mukewar Shrikant , Daswani Ravi , Gawande Atul , Mukewar Saurabh
Published: April 2022

A 50-year-old man with hypothyroidism was diagnosed with severe pneumonia secondary to the SARS-CoV-2 virus with an HRCT CORAD score of 18/25 in September 2020. From the records, the patient appeared to have developed spontaneous esophageal perforation. In view of his poor general condition, he was treated with endoscopic sponge vacuum therapy (EVT). EVT is a novel approach for treatment for a closed cavity. Also, very few studies exist in the literature in regard to this procedure.
Resultados da curetagem estendida com e sem aloenxerto ósseo para tumores de células gigantes de grau II no joelho. Um estudo comparativo retrospectivo
Authors: Sahito Badaruddin , Ali Sheikh Muhammad Ebad , Majid Bushra , Katto Muhammad Soughat , Jatoi Asif , Jahanzeb Syed
Published: April 2022

Objetivo Este é o primeiro estudo a estabelecer a utilidade da curetagem estendida com ou sem enxerto ósseo em tumores de células gigantes (TCGs) de grau II na articulação do joelho com o objetivo de explorar os resultados funcionais pós-operatórios.

Métodos Revisamos retrospectivamente 25 casos de TCGs de grau II de Campanacci submetidos a curetagem estendida entre janeiro de 2014 e dezembro de 2019. Os participantes foram divididos em 2 grupos: um grupo de 12 pacientes foi submetido a curetagem estendida com aloenxerto ósseo e cimento ósseo, enquanto o outro grupo, com 13 pacientes, foi submetido a curetagem estendida apenas com cimento ósseo. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pela Pontuação Revista da Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MTS, na sigla em inglês) e pela Pontuação da Knee Society (KS, na sigla em inglês), enquanto as taxas de recidiva e complicações foram avaliadas em cada coorte na última consulta de acompanhamento. O teste de Fisher e os testes t de duas amostras foram usados para comparação de resultados categóricos e contínuos, respectivamente

Resultados A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 28,09 (7,44) anos; 10 (40%) pacientes eram do sexo masculino e 15 (60%) pacientes eram do sexo feminino. O fêmur distal e a tíbia proximal foram acometidos em 13 (52%) e 12 (48%) dos pacientes, respectivamente. Não houve diferença significativa na pontuação revista da MTS (25,75 versus 27,41; p = 0,178), na pontuação da KS (78,67 versus 81,46; p = 0,33) e nas taxas de recidiva (0 versus 0%; p = 1) e complicações (25 versus 7,69%; p = 0,21).

Conclusões A curetagem estendida com ou sem aloenxerto ósseo tem resultados funcionais semelhantes em pacientes com TCGs de grau II no joelho, sem qualquer diferença importante na incidência de recidivas e complicações. No entanto, a conveniência cirúrgica e o custo-benefício podem favorecer a utilização apenas de cimento ósseo, enquanto a prevenção da osteoartrite em longo prazo precisa ser investigada para favorecer o enxerto ósseo.
Histological and Immunohistochemical Characteristics for Hereditary Breast Cancer Risk in a Cohort of Brazilian Women
Authors: de Freitas Renata Mendes , Guerra Maximiliano Ribeiro , Fayer Vívian Assis , Campos Angélica Atala Lombelo , Cintra Jane Rocha Duarte , Warren Joan , Ervilha Rafaela Russi , de Paula Camila Damasceno , Bustamante-Teixeira Maria Teresa
Published: April 2022

Objective The study aimed to characterize the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical profile of women with invasive breast cancer, according to the risk for Hereditary Predisposition Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome in a Brazilian population.

Methods This is a retrospective study performed from a hospital-based cohort of 522 women, diagnosed with breast cancer treated at an oncology referral center in the Southeast region of Brazil, between 2014 and 2016.

Results Among the 430 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer who composed the study population, 127 (29.5%) were classified as at increased risk for hereditary predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. There was a lower level of education in patients at increased risk (34.6%) when compared with those at usual risk (46.0%). Regarding tumor characteristics, women at increased risk had higher percentages of the disease diagnosed at an advanced stage (32.3%), and with tumors > 2cm (63.0%), with increased prevalence for both characteristics, when compared with those at usual risk. Furthermore, we found higher percentages of HG3 (43.3%) and Ki-67 ≥ 25% (64.6%) in women at increased risk, with prevalence being about twice as high in this group. The presence of triple-negative tumors was observed as 25.2% in women at increased risk and 6.0% in women at usual risk, with the prevalence of absence of biomarkers being 2.5 times higher among women in the increased risk group.

Conclusion From the clinical criteria routinely used in the diagnosis of breast cancer, the care practice of genetic counseling for patients at increased risk of hereditary breast cancer in contexts such as Brazil is still scarce.
Unraveling the Possibilities of Monoclonal Protein Migration, Identification, and Characterization in SPEP on Capillary Zone Electrophoresis
Authors: Prisi Shailata , Khurana Vatsala , Saijpaul Rajni , Verma Rashmi , Chandra Lal , Koner Bidhan Chandra
Published: April 2022

Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) is a method by which proteins present in serum are separated into different fractions based on their molecular weight and electric charge. Presence of M spike, composed of monoclonal protein, on electrophoretogram is a characteristic finding that can be seen in monoclonal gammopathies like multiple myeloma. M spike is most commonly seen in the gamma region however, the M-spike can be observed in fraction other than the Y fraction as well i.e. in the beta region and rarely alpha region. Here we have enumerated few cases where M protein has been seen in fractions other than the gamma region. Thus one needs to be cautious about the variable appearance of M-spike during interpretation of SPEP as some physiological proteins if elevated can also give rise to similar spike sometimes referred as pseudo monoclonal pattern.
A Lost Bullet in the Coronary Sinus: A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Halicek Martin , Alslaim Hossam , Shukla Mrinal , Freedman Arthur M. , Bates William B. , Patel Vijay S. , Weintraub Neal L. , Winkler Michael
Published: April 2022

We present a case of venous bullet embolism to the right atrium following a gunshot wound (GSW) to the abdomen. A 53-year-old male presented after a GSW to the abdomen. His workup included a computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrating an aortic injury with aortocaval fistula. A radio-opaque object consistent with a bullet was visualized in the right atrium. First, this case details an important decision, choice of surgery versus an interventional approach. After repair of the aortocaval fistula, the patient underwent a planned attempt to extract the bullet through a right lateral thoracotomy approach utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass to facilitate a right atriotomy. Intraoperatively, the team was not able to localize the bullet in the right atrium despite fluoroscopic evaluation. A postoperative CT scan demonstrated that the bullet had migrated into the coronary sinus. Lastly, this case demonstrates successful positioning maneuvers to dislodge the bullet out of the heart and into the inferior vena cava, allowing for the endovascular extraction of the bullet.
Post-Brexit Europeanization: re-thinking the continuum of British policies, polity, and politics trajectories
Authors: Wolff Sarah , Piquet Agathe
Published: April 2022

What is the impact of the UK’s withdrawal from the EU on British policies, polity and politics and their future trajectories? This question has been overlooked so far, as many observers have focused on the identity, cultural, and political reasons behind the Brexit vote or scrutinized closely the process of withdrawal. The de-Europeanization literature has tried to capture the new dynamics behind the impact of Brexit on the domestic scene by understanding it as a will to dismantle policies and politics previously Europeanized. On the contrary, we argue here that Brexit is not necessarily the end of UK’s engagement with the EU. This editorial and this special issue provide a more nuanced explanation and support the idea that Brexit is not putting an end to the EU’s influence over British public policies. In fact, we identify several pathways to the EU–UK relationship which can be conceptualized along a continuum from de-Europeanization to re-engagement scenarios. Building on the literature that has suggested the trajectories of disengagement and de-Europeanization, this editorial more specifically contributes to the debate by coining the concept of continued engagement and re-engagement and highlighting the need to analyse British politics, policies, and polity in relation to the EU through a variety of pathways.
Antenna design harnesses intense terahertz waves by controlling polarization at the source
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: April 2022

Interdigitated large aperture photoconductive antenna emits two THz pulses with crossed polarization to overcome challenges in working with intense waves.
Characterization of reflected shock tunnel air conditions using a simple method
Authors: Gu Sangdi , Olivier Herbert , Wen Chih-Yung , Hao Jiaao , Wang Qiu
Published: April 2022

A new method to characterize air test conditions in hypersonic impulse facilities is introduced. It is a hybrid experimental–computational rebuilding method that uses the Fay–Riddell correlation with corrections based on thermochemical nonequilibrium computational fluid dynamic results. Its benefits include simplicity and time-resolution, and using this method, a unique characterization can be made for each individual experimental run. Simplicity is achieved by avoiding the use of any optical techniques and overly expensive numerical computations while still maintaining accuracy. Without making any assumptions to relate the reservoir conditions to the nozzle exit conditions, the work done characterizing four test conditions in a reflected shock tunnel is presented. In this type of facility, shock compression is used to produce an appropriate reservoir, which is then expanded through a nozzle to produce hypersonic flow. Particular focus is given to the nozzle exit total enthalpy where a comparison is made with the reservoir enthalpy obtained using the measured shock speed and pressure in the shock tube. Good agreement is observed in all cases providing validation of the new approach. Additionally, static pressure measurements showed clearly that conditions III and IV have a thermochemical state which likely froze shortly after the nozzle throat. Also, the nozzle flow is shown to be almost isentropic. Due to the simplicity of the current method, it can be easily implemented in existing facilities to provide an additional independent estimate alongside existing results.
Impact of CaCl2 concentration and in situ rheometric setup configuration on fast alginate–Ca2+ reaction
Authors: Besiri Ioanna N. , Goudoulas Thomas B. , Germann Natalie
Published: April 2022

Recording kinetics during a reaction is a challenging effort that provides significant insight into gelation. We recently published our work based on a novel custom-made rheometric setup for in situ cross-linking reaction [Besiri et al., Carbohydr. Polym., 2020, 246, 116615]. It facilitates the instant injection of CaCl2 solution into alginate via micro-holes of the lower plate configuration to initiate the process. Considering that the time evolution of the viscoelastic parameters is related to the developed structure, we can obtain the reaction kinetics. This study aims to improve the setup by increasing the number of micro-holes from 2 to 4, investigating the mass ratio effects, and considering the proposed design as a batch reactor. As the volume and concentration of the reactants can be controlled during the initiation of the process, we investigate the molarity effect on the gelation. The long-term behavior of rheological oscillatory shear experiments indicates that the reaction is based on the mass of cations. The stoichiometry of reactants affects the diffusion of ions to alginate since, at high concentration and low volume of CaCl2, the mechanical properties are increased compared to lower concentration and higher volume of the cationic solution. Systematic time sweep experiments prove that at low angular frequencies, ω, the driving force of the reaction is the distribution of ions to the polymer. For higher values of ω, the force acting on the oscillating geometry of the rheometer is possibly the factor causing an enhanced mixing of the reactants, with a corresponding increase in moduli.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta-PPARδ agonist (L-165041) enhances bovine embryo survival and post vitrification viability
Authors: Sánchez Viafara Jesús Alfonso , de Vasconcelos Gisvani Lopes , Maculan Renata , Alves Nadja Gomes , Ferreira Marcos Brandao Dias , Sudano Mateus José , Mingoti Gisele Zoccal , Nunes Giovana Barros , de Lima Renato Ribeiro , Drumond Roberti Martins , dos Santos Raphael Nunes , Eberlin Marcos Nogueira , Negrão Fernanda , Jasmin  , Donato Mariana Aragão M. , Peixoto Christina A. , Camisão de Souza José
Published: April 2022

The effect of L-165041 (PPARδ-agonist) on decreasing apoptosis and intracellular lipid content was assessed in fresh and vitrified–warmed in vitro-produced bovine embryos. It was hypothesised that the addition of L-165041 to the culture medium enhances development and cryopreservation. Oocytes were allocated to one of two treatments: control-standard culture medium, or L-165041 added to the medium on day 1 with no media change. Ultrastructure, cleavage, and blastocyst rates were evaluated in fresh, and in post-vitrification cultured embryos by optical and electronic microscopy. A subset of fresh embryos were fixed for TUNEL assay and for Sudan-Black-B histochemical staining. Vitrified–warmed embryos were assessed using MALDI-MS technique. Cleavage and blastocyst rates (control 49.4 ± 5.2, L-165041 51.8 ± 4.3) were not influenced by L-165041. The proportion of inner cell mass cells (ICM) was higher in fresh embryos, and the rate of total and ICM apoptosis was lower in L-165041. In warmed-embryos, total and ICM apoptosis was lower in L-165041. The overall hatching rate was higher in L-165041 (66.62 ± 2.83% vs 53.19 ± 2.90%). There was less lipid accumulation in fresh L-165041-embryos. In conclusion, the use of L-165041 is recommended to improve the viability of in vitro-derived bovine embryos.
Achieving ultrastrong anisotropy in bulk Pr2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite magnets by high-pressure thermal compression
Authors: Zhang Guosheng , Li Xiaohong , Hou Fuchen , Lou Li , Li Ming , Guo Defeng
Published: April 2022

Aligning the hard phase has always been a great challenge in fabricating bulk nanocomposite magnets due to the high soft-phase fractions. In this work, anisotropic bulk Pr2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite magnets have been fabricated from amorphous precursors by high-pressure thermal compression deformation. The synthesised magnet exhibits an ultrastrong magnetic anisotropy with a high soft-phase fraction of ∼29 wt.% and a dual-morphology grain structure that consists of equiaxed and lath-shaped grains. The anisotropy is originated from the strong (00l) crystallographic texture for Pr2Fe14B nanocrystals on account of its preferential nucleation and growth during the deformation with high stress and large strain. This study is favourable for the development of bulk nanocomposite magnets with superior energy products on the premise of high soft-phase fractions.
Emergence of space and expansion of Universe
Authors: V T Hassan Basari , Krishna P B , K V Priyesh , Mathew Titus K
Published: April 2022

According to the principle of emergence, the expansion of the Universe can be explained as the emergence of space with the progress of cosmic time. We have analytically solved the equation of emergence proposed by Padmanabhan by assuming the Komar energy density ρ + 3P as a function of the Hubble parameter. The resulting model describes the evolution of the Universe, which proceeds towards a final de Sitter state. Model parameters have been extracted using the cosmological observational data. Further, the horizon entropy evolution of the model has been studied. The model predicts a Universe having a transition from a prior decelerated epoch to a late accelerated epoch and reasonably predicts the cosmological constant.
A stochastic gradient descent approach with partitioned-truncated singular value decomposition for large-scale inverse problems of magnetic modulus data
Authors: Li Wenbin , Wang Kangzhi , Fan Tingting
Published: April 2022

We propose a stochastic gradient descent approach with partitioned-truncated singular value decomposition (SVD) for large-scale inverse problems of magnetic modulus data. Motivated by a uniqueness theorem in gravity inverse problem and realizing the similarity between gravity and magnetic inverse problems, we propose to solve the level-set function modeling the volume susceptibility distribution from the nonlinear magnetic modulus data. To deal with large-scale data, we employ a mini-batch stochastic gradient descent approach with random reshuffling when solving the optimization problem of the inverse problem. We propose a stepsize rule for the stochastic gradient descent according to the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy condition of the evolution equation. In addition, we develop a partitioned-truncated SVD algorithm for the linear part of the inverse problem in the context of stochastic gradient descent. Numerical examples illustrate the efficacy of the proposed method, which turns out to have the capability of efficiently processing large-scale measurement data for the magnetic inverse problem. A possible generalization to the inverse problem of deep neural network is discussed at the end.
Random lasers from the natural inverse photonic glass structure of Artemia eggshells
Authors: Mai Hanh Hong , Nguyen Trong Tam , Nguyen Tien Thinh , To Thanh Thuy , Nguyen Toan T , Choi Youngwoon , Choi Wonshik , Ta Van Duong
Published: April 2022

In this study, we demonstrate a simple approach to fabricate a high-performance random laser (RL) from the natural inverse photonic glass structure of Artemia eggshells. Herein, the three-dimensional structures of Artemia eggshells provide an ideal scattering medium with a significantly high-reflectance stopband which facilitates resonance feedback for random lasing action. By doping organic dye molecules into the Artemia eggshells, RLs are realized by optical pumping with a threshold of 79 μJ mm−2, and a quality (Q) factor of 2328. In comparison with other works on RLs from natural photonic crystals such as butterfly wings, our RLs demonstrate a significantly lower lasing threshold and a comparable Q factor. Our results indicate that the natural inverse photonic glass structure is not only served as an effective scattering medium for random lasing but also paves a novel approach in designing and fabricating bio-controlled photonic devices.
A research and development roadmap to support applications of the enhanced BIOMASS methodology
Authors: Thorne M C , Lindborg T , Brown J , Ikonen A T K , Smith G M , Smith K , Walke R
Published: April 2022

The International Atomic Energy Agency has coordinated an international project addressing enhancements of methods for modelling the biosphere in post-closure safety assessments of solid radioactive waste disposal. This has resulted in the enhanced BIOMASS methodology that is described elsewhere in this special issue. To a large degree, the enhancements to the BIOMASS methodology arose from experience gained in applying the original methodology, both in the context of other international projects and in assessments of existing or proposed disposal facilities for solid radioactive wastes. Here, this experience is used, together with information on the status of solid radioactive waste disposal programmes worldwide, to identify opportunities for applying the enhanced methodology and for learning from those applications. This provides a basis for identifying research and development to support application of the enhanced methodology in a variety of environmental settings. These research and development requirements include aspects related to climate change under a variety of forcing scenarios, landform development in climatic regimes ranging from cold, polar to arid, tropical, modelling of groundwater flow and contaminant transport in surface-water catchments where both fractured rock and porous sediments are present, and studies of the transport of key radioisotopes of elements central to major biogeochemical cycles, such as those of carbon, chlorine, sulphur and iodine. In addition, some remarks are made on aspects of the application of the enhanced methodology that could imply review and updating of regulations and regulatory guidance, e.g. in relation to the definition of representative persons or groups to be considered in assessments and in respect of approaches to the assessment of radiological impacts on non-human biota. Furthermore, consideration is given as to how the scientific and technical experience that has been gained and methods that have been developed in the context of solid radioactive disposal facilities could support management of contaminated sites and legacy facilities that are likely to require long-term management and stewardship.
SCARA mechanical fault identification based on WPM-SE+BPNN method
Authors: Wang Xing , Sun Laijun , Bai Hongyi , Yu Kai , Wang Baolong
Published: April 2022

The Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm (SCARA) is becoming increasingly important in industrial manufacturing and its operating condition directly determines the safe operation of production lines. However, the complex structure, the variety of mechanical faults and unstable movements of SCARA make fault identification extremely difficult. Therefore, this study proposed identification of SCARA mechanical faults based on wavelet packet multi-segment entropy (WPM-SE) + back propagation neural network (BPNN). First, the original vibration signal was decomposed into several sub-node signals by wavelet packet transform and its envelope spectrum was obtained by Hilbert transform. Then, the envelope spectrum was divided equally into multiple intervals along the time axis, and the energy of each interval was calculated. Afterwards, the feature information of the envelope spectrum was obtained from the energy of each interval, which is defined as multi-segment entropy (M-SE). Where an envelope spectrum obtains a M-SE, and the number of segmentation intervals determines the value of the M-SE. Finally, a feature vector composed of the values of the M-SE was used as the feature input data of the BPNN for mechanical fault identification in SCARA. The BPNN has been tested to achieve an average recognition accuracy of 99.67% for both single mechanical faults and multiple mechanical faults. The results show that the WPM-SE method can effectively extract the feature information of the vibration signal and achieve fast and accurate identification of mechanical faults in SCARA.
Visible light-driven photocatalytic activity of Cu2O/ZnO/Kaolinite-based composite catalyst for the degradation of organic pollutant
Authors: Fufa Paulos Asefa , Feysia Gebisa Bekele , Gultom Noto Susanto , Kuo Dong-Hau , Chen Xiaoyun , Kabtamu Daniel Manaye , Zelekew Osman Ahmed
Published: April 2022

Herein, we design to synthesize a novel Cu2O/ZnO/kaolinite composite catalyst by co-precipitation method. The synthesized composite catalysts were labeled as 5CZK, 10CZK, 15CZK, and 20CZK which represent 5, 10, 15, and 20% of Cu2O, respectively, on ZnO/kaolinite. The photocatalyst samples were characterized with different instruments. Moreover, the methylene blue (MB) dye was used as a target organic pollutant and the degradation was evaluated under visible light irradiation. The highest performance for the degradation of MB was achieved by 10CZK catalyst and degrades 93% within 105 min. However, ZnO (Z), Cu2O/ZnO (CZ), 5CZK, 15CZK, and 20CZK composite catalysts, degrades 28, 66, 76, 71, and 68% of MB dye, respectively. The enhanced degradation efficiency of 10CZK composites catalyst could be due to the higher adsorption properties from metakaolinite and the light-responsive properties of the Cu2O/ZnO samples under visible light. Hence, the resulting composite catalyst could be applicable for environmental remediation.
Corrigendum: Simplest bifurcation diagrams for monotone families of vector fields on a torus (2018 Nonlinearity

31 2928)
Authors: Baesens C N , Di Lallo F , MacKay R S
Published: April 2022

This corrigendum corrects a mistake in the paper (Baesens and MacKay 2018 Nonlinearity
31 2928–81) and the consequent conclusions. The corrected conclusions are confirmed by numerically computed bifurcation diagrams.
Plasma generation in a long, narrow, metal tube by electron beam injection
Authors: Burdovitsin V A , Bakeev I Y , Karpov K I , Oks E M
Published: April 2022

We present results of experimental studies of plasma generation in a long, narrow metal tube by electron beam injection into the tube and simultaneous application of a negative potential to the tube. We show that the threshold electron beam current for plasma initiation increases with decreasing pressure, decreasing tube diameter, and increasingly negative tube potential.