bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structuration et scénarisation de documents pédagogiques numériques dans une logique de massification
Authors: Crozat Stéphane , Trigano Philippe
Published: May 2018

In one hand digital documents are more en more used and in the other hand new needs are emerging in the field of institutional education and professional training. The consequence is a skyrocketing development of instructional digital documents. In this paper we submit an industrial design model that aims to conciliate a generic documentary meta-model along with specific pedagogical models, in a mass-production context. Our research is based on a theoretical approach from the state of the art study (content/form separation, content ! scenario separation and content ! actions association) and on a empirical approach from practical experiments (XF01 and SCENARI). The result of our work is PS/LU metamodel which enables a methodological and a technological framework in order to : logically represent multimedia and pedagogical information (as Logical-Units), deal information towards pedagogical scripts (as Pedagogical-Schemas) and present information so that it can be manipulated (as Interaction-Sheets).
Un simulateur pour répondre à des besoins de formation sur la taille de la vigne
Authors: Caens-Martin Sylvie , Specogna Antoinette , Delépine Ludovic , Girerd Stéphane
Published: May 2018

Notre article a pour objectif de présenter un simulateur de taille de la vigne conçu pour servir d’instrument dans une situation de formation où sont impliqués un formateur, le simulateur et des apprenants. L’objectif de ce simulateur est de permettre à un apprenant d’acquérir des raisonnements de taille tels que développés par un tailleur professionnel sur le terrain. Il ne porte pas sur l’apprentissage des gestes de taille mais sur la construction des raisonnements participants aux compétences visées. Nous nous efforcerons au fur et à mesure de cet article de montrer que la conception et la réalisation de cette situation de formation dans sa globalité font intervenir des compétences multiples qu’aucune des disciplines impliquées (didactique professionnelle, psychologie, informatique) prises indépendamment ne peut fournir à elle seule.
Points de vue sur les échanges électroniques et leurs usages en formation à distance
Authors: Depover Christian , Lièvre Bruno de , Temperman Gaëtan
Published: May 2018

Cette contribution, qui résulte de notre participation au symposium Symfonic, se structure autour de quatre questions qui concernent différents aspects liés à l’usage des échanges électroniques en formation à distance. Parmi les aspects discutés à travers ces questions, citons en ordre principal : les modalités de prise en compte des échanges à distance dans le processus de design pédagogique, les modèles susceptibles d’aider à comprendre le rôle pédagogique des échanges électroniques, les complémentarités envisageables entre les différents outils d’échanges, les modalités d’action des échanges électroniques sur l’apprentissage.
Les cahiers 24x32 – Mémoire sur la situation des TICE et quelques tendances internationales d’évolution
Authors: Chaptal Alain
Published: May 2018

Dans une logique comparative, cet article analyse la situation française des TICE dans le scolaire et les premiers cycles du supérieur par le biais d’allers et retours avec les situations américaines et britanniques. Il traite successivement de la question des usages des TICE, de leur efficacité, du nouveau paradigme éducatif censé favoriser les compétences souhaitables en ce XXIe siècle et poursuit en soulignant ce qu’a d’idéologique le nouveau modèle anglo-saxon de management de l’enseignement public qui se dessine, pour conclure en évoquant les échos feutrés que l’on peut en trouver dans diverses publications officielles françaises.
Les usages des TIC par les lycéens - déconnexion entre usages personnels et usages scolaires
Authors: Guichon Nicolas
Published: May 2018

Cette recherche, qui adopte la perspective de la sociologie des usages, s’appuie sur une enquête à la fois par questionnaire et par entretiens pour sonder les usages numériques des lycéens de l’enseignement secondaire général en France. Deux objectifs sont visés : d’une part, grâce aux données empiriques obtenues, un état des lieux des usages numériques des jeunes est conduit. D’autre part, cette étude investigue de quelles façons les outils numériques sont utilisés pour le travail à la maison et pour l’apprentissage des langues étrangères. Les résultats mettent au jour une déconnexion entre usages des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (TIC) entre la sphère privée et la sphère scolaire.
Un regard rétrospectif sur le développement professionnel des enseignants dans le modèle de l’École éloignée en réseau
Authors: Hamel Christine , Laferrière Thérèse , Turcotte Sandrine , Allaire Stéphane
Published: May 2018

Le développement professionnel (DP) des enseignants est un des facteurs importants pour la réussite scolaire des élèves. Plusieurs dispositifs de DP existent afin de soutenir les enseignants, mais peu d’entre eux donnent des résultats reconnus dans leur pratique en classe de même que chez les élèves. Au Québec, l’initiative de l’École éloignée en réseau a permis d’offrir plusieurs occasions de DP aux enseignants participants avec le support de TIC, entre autres, la visioconférence et un forum électronique. Le présent article porte, à l’aide du cadre théorique de Guskey (2003), un regard rétrospectif sur le DP des enseignants qui mettent en oeuvre cette innovation afin de nommer leurs réactions au dispositif, les apprentissages et l’utilisation qu’ils en ont faits, le soutien organisationnel nécessaire, et finalement les résultats observés chez les élèves.
Usages d’Internet à l’école selon le regard des élèves. Pratiques d’intégration, paradigmes pédagogiques et motivation scolaire
Authors: Coen Pierre-François , Rey Jeanne , Monnard Isabelle , Jauquier Laurent
Published: May 2018

Cette recherche analyse les usages pédagogiques d’Internet à l’école à partir du regard des élèves de différents degrés scolaires (6 – 18 ans) et de deux groupes linguistiques (francophones, germanophones) dans le canton de Fribourg (Suisse). L’étude investigue la fréquence du recours à Internet en classe et son orientation pédagogique (centrée sur l’apprentissage ou sur l’enseignement), ainsi que les effets de ces variables sur la motivation scolaire. Les résultats font apparaître des différences du recours à Internet en fonction des degrés, des filières, de la discipline et de la langue d’enseignement. Ils démontrent également un effet positif de la modalité pédagogique centrée sur l’apprentissage sur la motivation des élèves.
La recherche francophone sur les « technologies » en éducation : Réflexions rétrospectives et prospectives
Authors: Baron Georges-Louis
Published: May 2018

Les applications éducatives des technologies de l''information et de la communication ont fait en France l''objet d''une série de recherches à caractère souvent pluridisciplinaire depuis les années 1960. Ce texte présente des réflexions à caractère historique sur la structuration du champ spécifique qui s''est constitué autour d''elles et sur son évolution. Il discute en particulier, d''un point de vue de sciences de l''éducation, la question de la pluridisciplinarité et celle de l''évolution des problématiques au cours du temps.
Étude exploratoire sur l’utilisation d’iPads en milieu scolaire : entre séduction ergonomique et nécessités pédagogiques
Authors: Villemonteix François , Khaneboubi Mehdi
Published: May 2018

This article presents an exploratory research on the conditions for the adoption of digital tablets iPad in an educational context. 13 interviews of teachers and leaders and four classrooms observation were conducted in a primary school, a middle school and a technological high school in Paris suburbs. Organizational, pedagogical and technical factors expressed by respondents, explain the use or non-use of tablets by teachers. Others explanatory factors refer to their perception of technology and/ or interest they derive from their use. In addition, a tension was characterized between a large enthusiasm due to the novelty of the ergonomic features of tablets and the important remaining constraints of the reality.
Évaluer les usages didactiques d'un serious game à partir de l’analyse de l’action conjointe : le cas Mecagenius®
Authors: Galaup Michel , Amade-Escot Chantal
Published: May 2018

This article focuses on how a mechanical engineering serious game Mecagenius ® is used by teachers in a high school and in a higher education institute of technology (IUT). To account of it we make a bottom-up analysis of the didactic transposition by means of analytical descriptors related to teacher and students’ didactical joint action. We first present the theoretical framework and the research method, then we illustrate how Mecagenius ® is used by teachers through short extracts borrowed from two case studies. The findings highlight the contrasting forms of artifact integration into teachers’ usual teaching practices. The conclusion discusses the contribution of this study for understanding the potential uses of serious games in ordinary teaching.
La pédagogie inversée : recherche sur la pratique de la classe inversée
Authors: Faillet Vincent
Published: May 2018

Cette rubrique présente une étude sur la pédagogie inversée au lycée en cours de sciences physiques et chimiques. Cette étude montre que les élèves de bon niveau en sciences dans le système de classe traditionnelle sont globalement moins performants en classe inversée alors que les élèves de niveau plus faible dans la classe traditionnelle sont plus performants dans le système de classe inversée. Cette inversion de la performance est à rapprocher avec une adaptation des élèves de bon niveau au système traditionnel et une tendance à travailler plus pour les élèves de moins bon niveau lorsqu’ils sont dans un système de classe inversée.
Jeu-game, jeu-play, vers une modélisation du jeu. Une étude empirique à partir des traces numériques d’interaction du jeu Tamagocours
Authors: Sanchez Éric , Martinez-Emin Valérie , Mandran Nadine
Published: May 2018

This paper is based on a work carried out for the Tamagocours project, a game designed to learn the legal rules that comply with the policies for the use of digital resources for an educational context. We rely on the Theory of Didactical Situations to propose a model which encompasses two layers of play : (1) a layer of individual play in which the player/ learner develops strategies and mobilizes knowledge to meet the challenge and (2) a layer of collaborative play where teammates formulate and establish the validity of the knowledge they used. We discuss this model through an empirical research, based on recording and analyzing the digital traces of nearly 200 students. The data analysis process combines a principal component analysis followed by a clustering method. These traces enabled for drawing a behavioral model of the players/ learners, and to distinguish different classes of players according to their strategies.
Les déplacements de travail entre Paris et sa banlieue (1880-1914), première approche
Authors: Faure Alain
Published: May 2018

Cet article s'attache à démontrer que déjà à cette époque, existaient entre Paris et sa banlieue (département de la Seine) des échanges et des déplacements de population suffisamment intenses pour que l'on puisse parler d'une «agglomération parisienne». L'étude des recensements permet de constater tout d'abord que les Parisiens de naissance représentent une proportion remarquable et croissante de la population résidente en banlieue (23,6% en 1911). D'autre part, l'étude comparée du domicile des salariés travaillant dans les petites industries d'un arrondissement central (le 3ème) ou dans les usines d'un arrondissement périphérique (le 19ème), démontre que dans l'un et l'autre cas un cinquième du personnel habitait en banlieue. Si dans le 19ème, il s'agit surtout d'une osmose entre régions industrielles proches et complémentaires, dans le 3ème nous avons affaire à des déplacements quotidiens à long rayon, dont l'existence pose le problème pour cette époque des conditions du choix de la résidence.
Les mal-lotis des Coudreaux
Authors: Dubost Françoise , Cice Chantai
Published: May 2018

Histoire, à valeur d'exemple, d'un lotissement créé dans les années vingt sur les franges rurales de la banlieue parisienne. A travers des témoignages, sont retracés les déboires des acheteurs, victimes de la spéculation immobilière et du retard des pouvoirs publics à régler des situations dramatiques. Les lots ont été acquis grâce à un crédit à très court terme. Les premiers acquéreurs sont en majorité des non-sédentaires, Parisiens ou banlieusards de fraîche date. De condition modeste, ils placent leur épargne sans visées spéculatives, revendant au fur et à mesure des besoins, notamment pour construire. Le processus s'est amplifié après la seconde guerre mondiale. Malgré des relations conflictuelles avec les ruraux, les entretiens soulignent la nostalgie de la solidarité de voisinage, de la vie semi-rurale et du paysage campagnard.
La mobilité résidentielle et ses incertitudes : choisir une ville nouvelle ou choisir sa périphérie ?
Authors: Desponds Didier
Published: May 2018

Une enquête a été menée auprès de ménages récemment installés dans la ville nouvelle de Cergy ou ses abords, vallée de l'Oise et plateau du Vexin français. Elle avait pour but de vérifier le rôle joué par l'emploi, le logement, la vie de quartier ou l'environnement dans la migration résidentielle des ménages.

Il ressort de ces entretiens que la localisation de l'emploi ne joue pas un rôle dominant. Le croisement des autres motifs permet de dresser l'esquisse d'une typologie de motivations, parmi lesquelles s'imposent à la fois le désir de devenir propriétaire et de résider dans un cadre géographique agréable, où les équipements et services urbains ne manquent pourtant pas. C'est le cas dans le secteur étudié, grâce à la proximité de la ville nouvelle.
Soho, ou comment le «village» devint planétaire
Authors: Bordreuil J.-Samuel
Published: May 2018

SoHo is certainly the most famous and most spectacular example of gentrification.

In the international urban imagination it is this showcase in front of which many apprentice pioneers, and many apprentice speculators, stopped to boost the fantasy of their «successes» and their future careers. Others also, but with sharp and reproving looks, linger, but this time to hone the «critic's blade», to explain the disappearance of some through the success of the others, and denounce in this popular deprivation process the role played by a «social traitor» artist.

The fact that this accusation brings to the narrator real symbolic status — he is seen to be more radical — is insufficient, however, to guarantee his truthfulness.

This is what the author shows through close scrutiny of the demographic data available since the end of the war. In this respect, the lesson of Lower Manhattan and its evolution — and in spite of political incitement in terms of restoration — is that to host the professionals who flock to the south of the island it has been easier to house them in non-residential areas, or even to encroach into the sea (Battery Park), than to nibble away at pre-existing residential territories, especially if they were occupied by modest populations.

Yet, if the gentrification story turns out to be inadequate, then it is the kingpin —the rent gap theory — which must be questioned. The author concentrates his criticism by showing that this economic model fails to take in the territorial dimension of residential settlements.

However, to appreciate SoHo's evolution, it is necessary to leave not only the gentrification story but also its criticism : this still focuses attention on the phenomena of residential replacements, whilst it is due in fact to something quite different. SoHo is not only a «successful hobohemia», it is also an integral — and prosperous — part of the New York hypercenter.

The question is, therefore, to know how the artistic professions could control to their advantage the «transition exit» from this "industrial slum".

To the negative factors which explain this successful urban breakthrough by a territorial vacancy (no inhabitants already there) or also by indecision of the elite concerning investment strategies in the district, must be added a positive factor which is that of the identity content which this district will assume for a rising generation of artists. Very rapidly, and through vigorous urban struggles throughout the sixties, to value what they are and to value this district will be a single objective.

Finally, in a last development, the author attempts to show that this urban breakthrough has, from the outset, taken the importance of a breakthrough in the cultural domain of contemporary art ; and that, as a result, the works of art from the «SoHo moment» bear the «physical» mark of the territory where these young artists tried to engrave their artistic pre-eminence : the history of contemporary art must include SoHo, and bears its mark.
Villes secondaires et métropoles du tiers monde
Authors: Moriconi-Ebrard François
Published: May 2018

Using the GÉOPOLIS harmonized world database on all urban agglomerations having at least 10,000 inhabitants, this paper considers the situation of the urbanization at the beginning of the 1990s, after 40 years of a dramatic growth. Data concerning the developing countries are compared to those of the developed zone. By using the rank size model, and eliminating metropolitan cities in the following analyses, it is possible to define a category of «second order» towns. Linked to the concept of urban system, the concept of urban hierarchy appears like a basic notion which needs to be taken in account in the studies of urban growth.
Naples, province métropolitaine à construire
Authors: Rivière Dominique
Published: May 2018

En Italie, la création de Provinces métropolitaines, envisagée depuis le début des années 1990, est à nouveau à l'ordre du jour dans le cadre de la réforme de l'État. Les acteurs institutionnels (Région, Province, Communes) se positionnent sur ce thème. L'exemple de Naples témoigne à la fois des avantages qu'a pu avoir l'absence de niveau de référence métropolitain pour le renouveau urbanistique à Naples même, et des limites évidentes qu'elle impose à l'articulation entre la ville-centre et ses périphéries, à l'exception de la politique de transports, qui est d'ores et déjà métropolitaine.
Le quartier du port à Alger, de la convoitise aux conflits
Authors: Setti M'hammed
Published: May 2018

The algerian port cities are faced with many difficulties and Algiers, being situated on a bay where the problem of space is set with a great sharpness, is the best example. Taking up a strategic position between the city centre and the port, the port quarter has for a long time been a space where the activities of both the city and the port could be performed in harmony. But since these two entities grew more and more important, the port quarter has become the object of spatial covetous, which has generated a situation of conflict. The port quarter is today a saturated surface in the image of the two surrounding dynamic spaces. This study deals with the spatial and functional causes and consequences of the problem of Algiers City and its port, where the port quarter constitutes the cornerstone. It proposes some sketches of reconciliation.
Cross-coupling of dissimilar ketone enolates via enolonium species to afford non-symmetrical 1,4-diketones
Authors: Parida Keshaba N , Pathe Gulab K , Maksymenko Shimon , Szpilman Alex M
Published: May 2018

Due to their closely matched reactivity, the coupling of two dissimilar ketone enolates to form a 1,4-diketone remains a challenge in organic synthesis. We herein report that umpolung of a ketone trimethylsilyl enol ether (1 equiv) to form a discrete enolonium species, followed by addition of as little as 1.2–1.4 equivalents of a second trimethylsilyl enol ether, provides an attractive solution to this problem. A wide array of enolates may be used to form the 1,4-diketone products in 38 to 74% yield. Due to the use of two TMS enol ethers as precursors, an optimization of the cross-coupling should include investigating the order of addition.
Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of two antimony products after subcutaneous administration in dogs
Authors: Rambaldi Julie , Barbarossa Andrea , Morbidelli Eva , Zaghini Anna
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Pentavalent antimony is the first choice drug for leishmaniasis in dog. Leishmaniasis has a complex pathogenesis and it manifests various clinical signs, some of which are often similar to those associated with the toxicity induced by antimonial treatment. Among the reasons for this toxicity, also a general problem of drug’s quality has been reported.

Methodology: The general and local tolerability of two commercially available meglumine antimoniate based veterinary products was evaluated in 12 healthy dogs, 6 receiving Antimania (Fatro, Italy) and 6 receiving Glucantime (Merial, Spain), following repeated subcutaneous administrations of therapeutic doses for 14 days.

Results: Individual and mean values of haematological and biochemical parameters in both groups remained in the physiological range, with no considerable differences within the two groups. The general tolerability of the drugs was also supported by clinical observations and physical examination of the dogs throughout the whole study period. Only slight local reactions at the injection sites, that spontaneously disappeared, were observed for both products starting from 12-84 hours after the administration. The pharmacokinetic parameters indicated no antimony accumulation.

Conclusions: These results suggest that meglumine antimoniate administered at the recommended dosage regimen is well tolerated by healthy dogs, and that there is no significant difference between the two tested products.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of microorganisms causing Urinary Tract Infections in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Balkhi Bander , Mansy Wael , AlGhadeer Sultan , Alnuaim Abdulrahman , Alshehri Abdullah , Somily Ali
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) is one of the most common infections worldwide. UTIs remain a challenge to the healthcare system because of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study is to report the most common UTI-causative organisms associated with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Saudi Arabia.

Methodology: a retrospective cross sectional study of 1918 positive urine culture samples of both gender collected over 9 months (May 2015 to February 2016) from a major tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Results: the median age of individuals involved in the study was 43 years, with males constituting 27.7% only of the population. Among cases deemed complicated (81.1%), common causes were diabetes, pregnancy, and immunocompromization, comprising 24.7%, 11.9%, and 10.8%, respectively. 

Escherichia coli (52%) was the most common uropathogen, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (15%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8%) Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B streptococcus) (7%), and Enterococcus faecalis (5%). Overall sensitivity studies showed the most highly resistant uropathogen was Escherichia coli (60%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (16%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4%) Enterococcus faecalis (3%), and Enterobacter cloacae (2%). Concerning the first defense antibiotics prescribed for UTI, E. coli was most frequently resistant to Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (47%) followed by ciprofloxacin (34%). K. pneumoniae was most frequently resistant to Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (35%) followed by cefuroxime (30%), while P. aeruginosa to ciprofloxacin (13%).

Conclusion: Because of a high level of antimicrobial resistance amongst uropathogens in Saudi Arabia, the development of regional and national UTI guidelines is recommended.
Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and case fatality rates of Acinetobacter Baumannii sepsis in a neonatal unit
Authors: Thomas Reenu , Wadula Jeannette , Seetharam Sharona , Velaphi Sithembiso
Published: May 2018

Introduction: The burden of sepsis in neonates due to Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) in developing countries is not well reported. The objective of this study was to determine prevalence of culture confirmed sepsis due to A. baumannii, antimicrobial susceptibility and case-fatality rates (CFR) due to this organism.

Methodology: A retrospective review of medical and laboratory records of neonates admitted to a tertiary government hospital from a developing country was conducted. Records of neonates with positive microbiological cultures from blood or cerebrospinal fluid due to A. baumannii were reviewed for demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, antibiotic susceptibility and outcome at hospital discharge.

Results: There were 399 isolates of A. baumannii cultured from sterile sites, with a prevalence of 4.3/1000 live births or 22.8/1000 admissions, accounting for 13% of all culture confirmed sepsis. Majority of neonates were preterm (91%) with a mean gestational age and birth weight of 30 weeks and 1400 grams respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was 64% to cephalosporins, 21% to aminoglycosides and 17% were extremely-drug resistant (XDR), only susceptible to colistin. The CFR was 32%. Factors associated with mortality were presence of a central venous catheter prior to onset of sepsis (49% vs 31%, p = 0.03); need for mechanical ventilation (62% vs 36%, p = 0.005) and inotropic support (57% vs 17%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: A. baumannii is a significant pathogen causing sepsis in neonates, with 17% of them being XDR. It is associated with high CFR. These findings highlight the need for strict enforcement of infection control and antibiotic stewardship practices.
Increased blaOXA-23-like prevalence in Acinetobacter baumannii at a tertiary care center in Lebanon (2007-2013)
Authors: Kanj Souha S , Tayyar Ralph , Shehab Marwa , El-Hafi Bassam , Rasheed Sari S , Kissoyan Kohar Annie Berge , Kanafani Zeina A , Wakim Rima Hanna , Kara Zahreddine Nada , Araj George F , Dbaibo Ghassan , Matar Ghassan M
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii has become one of the most feared organisms in hospital-acquired infections during the past decades. Their multi-drug resistant profiles have rendered many broad-spectrum antibiotics ineffective. The purpose of this retrospective study is to describe and compare molecular characteristics of A. baumannii isolated from patients at a tertiary care center in Lebanon from two outbreaks, the first in 2007-2008 as part of a case-controlled study involving Acinetobacter baumannii cases admitted to the ICU and the second in 2013. Methodology: A total of 148 A. baumannii clinical isolates were collected from various clinical specimens during 2007-2008 and 2013. All A. baumannii isolates were subjected to PCR amplification of blaOXA-23-like and blaOXA-51-like genes of carbapenem resistance. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was also performed to assess their genomic relatedness. Results: There was an increase in the prevalence of blaOXA-23-like and blaOXA-51-like between the two time periods; however, only with 22% genomic relatedness between 2007-2008 and 2013 isolates. Taking 80% as margin of compatibility, 31 distinct clusters containing 2 to 11 strains were observed in both time periods. Conclusion: The presence of numerous clusters accompanied by a predominant increase in the prevalence of blaOXA-23-like gene between 2007 and 2013 suggests a horizontal transmission of the gene within various strains of the species, constituting a primary factor in the continued increase of carbapenem resistance over the years. As such, infection control measures ought to be taken with the highest priority and compliance among all involved healthcare workers is of utmost importance.
Plutella polaris Zeller, 1880 (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae) rediscovered at Svalbard, Norway, with comments on its taxonomic position
Authors: Søli Geir , Aarvik Leif , Magnussen Trude
Published: May 2018

After 142 years, Plutellapolaris Zeller, 1880 was rediscovered at Svalbard, Norway, in 2015. The locality and its vegetation are described. The specimen is the first female ever recorded, and its genitalia are illustrated. The taxonomic position of P.polaris relative to other Plutella Schrank, 1802 species in the Northern hemisphere is discussed.
Characterization of the complete mitochondrial DNA of Theretra japonica and its phylogenetic position within the Sphingidae (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)
Authors: Li Jun , Lin Rui-Rui , Zhang Yao-Yao , Hu Kun-Jie , Zhao Ya-Qi , Li Yan , Huang Zhuo-Ran , Zhang Xu , Geng Xue-Xia , Ding Jian-Hua
Published: May 2018

In the present study, the complete mitogenome of Theretrajaponica was sequenced and compared with other sequenced mitogenomes of Sphingidae species. The mitogenome of T.japonica, containing 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and two rRNA genes) and a region rich in adenine and thymine (AT-rich region), is a circular molecule with 15,399 base pairs (bp) in length. The order and orientation of the genes in the mitogenome are similar to those of other sequenced mitogenomes of Sphingidae species. All 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) are initiated by ATN codons except for the cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1) which is initiated by the codon CGA as observed in other lepidopteran insects. Cytochrome C oxidase subunit 2 gene (cox2) has the incomplete termination codon T and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 gene (nad1) terminates with TAG while the remainder terminates with TAA. Additionally, the codon distributions of the 13 PCGs revealed that Ile and Leu2 are the most frequently used codon families and codons CGG, CGC, CCG, CAG, and AGG are absent. The 431 bp AT-rich region includes the motif ATAGA followed by a 23 bp poly-T stretch, short tandem repeats (STRs) of TC and TA, two copies of a 28 bp repeat ‘ATTAAATTAATAAATTAA TATATTAATA’ and a poly-A element. Phylogenetic analyses within Sphingidae confirmed that T.japonica belongs to the Macroglossinae and showed that the phylogenetic relationship of T.japonica is closer to Ampelophagarubiginosa than Daphnisnerii. Phylogenetic analyses within Theretra demonstrate that T.japonica, T.jugurtha, T.suffusa, and T.capensis are clustered into one clade.
La sexualité : liberté ou prison ? Respiration ou étouffement ?
Authors: Brun Jacquelyne
Published: May 2018

Boris proclame haut et fort : « je réfute tout engagement qui pourrait nuire à ma liberté ». Aussi sa vie sexuelle consiste en conquêtes passagères et sa thérapeute souffre de la pauvreté de sa vie pulsionnelle et pour les jeunes femmes qui s’attachent à lui. C’est le rêve-éveillé qui va aider thérapeute et patient à révéler puis apprivoiser la terreur de Boris envers la femme et « les autres ». Il va découvrir qu’il vit la relation sexuelle ou amoureuse comme étouffante, aliénant sa liberté. Grâce à la régression vécue dans le rêve-éveillé, à son transfert massif sur sa thérapeute et le contre transfert de celle-ci, il va parvenir à traverser ses peurs et réaliser un désir inattendu mais obsédant apparu au cours de sa cure : vivre en couple et fonder une famille.
Le Saint-Siège et le début du génocide arménien de 1915 à la lumière des archives vaticanes
Authors: Ruyssen Georges
Published: May 2018

Sur la base des sept volumes de documents tirés des archives vaticanes intitulés La Questione Armena publiés de 2013 à 2015, cet article présente les grands traits de l’action du Saint-Siège confronté au début du génocide arménien de 1915. Après avoir présenté le cadre général de la présence des minorités chrétiennes dans l’Empire ottoman, il analyse l’intense activité diplomatique du Vatican pour endiguer l’extermination massive des Arméniens, tant directement auprès du Sultan Mahomet V Reshad qu’indirectement vis-à-vis de l’Autriche et de l’Allemagne. Ces interventions semblent avoir ralenti les mesures prises contre les Arméniens auxquelles elles ne parvinrent cependant pas à mettre fin puisque le pape Benoît XV fut le seul souverain à prendre publiquement la parole sur ce sujet.
La naissance de la Transjordanie et la présence chrétienne. Communautés religieuses, minorités religieuses protégées et identités tribales
Authors: Maggiolini Paolo
Published: May 2018

La fondation de l’État hachémite a mis à mal les équilibres tribaux traditionnels entre tribus arabes chrétiennes et musulmanes, nomades, semi-nomades et sédentaires, et favorisé le recours au concept de communauté religieuse. C’est dans ce contexte que le Saint-Siège fut appelé à contribuer à l’organisation ecclésiastique des Latins et des melchites (Grecs-catholiques). L’article présente les conditions dans lesquelles les Églises locales de Transjordanie se sont organisées alors même que les autorités religieuses étaient situées à Damas et à Jérusalem, hors du territoire national, tandis que les chrétiens passaient du statut de tribu à celui de minorité protégée, sans perdre pour autant leur identité tribale.
A aliança do Pacífico e o tabuleiro geopolítico sul-americano
Authors: Simões Tales Henrique Nascimento
Published: May 2018

O artigo analisa os impactos do advento da Aliança do Pacífico na arquitetura de governança regional da América do Sul em termos políticos, econômicos e estratégico-militares e suas consequências no processo de integração regional sul-americano. A Aliança do Pacífico é percebida como uma reação às iniciativas de integração em curso na região, que visam dotar seus países de maior autonomia em um cenário de crescente multipolaridade e indefinições geopolíticas. O antagonismo entre os projetos de integração regional, em particular entre o Mercosul e a Aliança do Pacífico, resultam inexoravelmente na fragmentação da América do Sul, permitindo a influência e a atuação de potências externas e contribuindo para a vulnerabilidade e enfraquecimento dos países da região, além de atuar como óbice à solidificação do projeto regional sul-americano. Assim, analisam-se igualmente os interesses geopolíticos em jogo na América do Sul por parte de atores extrarregionais, notadamente os Estados Unidos e a China.
Les avatars de la toponymie dans les confins géographiques, exemple du canal « Messier » en Patagonie chilienne
Authors: Aitken Frédéric , Foulc Jean-Numa , Mao Pascal , Robinet Nicolas
Published: May 2018

Cet article s’intéresse à la toponymie dans les confins géographiques à travers l’exemple des littoraux de la Patagonie chilienne et du canal Messier. Il permet de s’interroger sur le processus ayant amené à nommer ce lieu en abordant à la fois leur topogenèse comme histoire de la découverte et de la construction du lieu et leur onomastique comme étymologies du nom, ses évolutions et usages ultérieurs. De nos jours, il est couramment admis que le nom du canal a été attribué en hommage au célèbre astronome français Charles Messier. L’article montre que ce nom a subi en réalité différentes évolutions lors de ses apparitions sur différents supports cartographiques entre le XVIIe et XIXe siècle et serait issu à l’origine du terme espagnol « Merced » qui signifie « Grâce ». Cette démonstration montre les avatars pouvant toucher la néotoponymie dans ces espaces.
La reconnaissance d’un « troisième sexe » par la Cour constitutionnelle fédérale allemande : une avancée considérable vers l’intégration des personnes intersexes dans l’ordre juridique
Authors: Jaegle Camille
Published: May 2018

Ni fille, ni garçon. Ou plutôt et fille, et garçon... On pourrait définir l’intersexualisation comme « la présence, chez un même individu appartenant à une espèce gonochorique (à sexes séparés), de caractères sexuels intermédiaires entre le mâle et la femelle »1. Comment la question de l’intégration des personnes intersexes par le droit, soit de la création juridique d’un « troisième sexe » ou d’un « sexe neutre », est elle envisagée dans l’ordre juridique allemand ? Alors qu’en France, la Cour de cassation a rejeté le 4 mai 2017 le pourvoi d’un requérant intersexe qui souhaitait substituer la mention « sexe neutre » ou « intersexe » à celle de « sexe masculin » sur son acte de naissance, la Cour constitutionnelle fédérale allemande a jugé le 10 octobre 2017, que l’impossibilité de pouvoir choisir un autre sexe que le sexe féminin ou masculin était incompatible avec la Constitution allemande. Le législateur doit donc adopter une nouvelle législation avant le 31 décembre 2018.
Performance Prediction and Optimization of Solar Water Heater via a Knowledge-Based Machine Learning Method
Authors: Li Hao , Liu Zhijian
Published: May 2018

Measuring the performance of solar energy and heat transfer systems requires a lot of time, economic cost, and manpower. Meanwhile, directly predicting their performance is challenging due to the complicated internal structures. Fortunately, a knowledge-based machine learning method can provide a promising prediction and optimization strategy for the performance of energy systems. In this chapter, the authors show how they utilize the machine learning models trained from a large experimental database to perform precise prediction and optimization on a solar water heater (SWH) system. A new energy system optimization strategy based on a high-throughput screening (HTS) process is proposed. This chapter consists of: 1) comparative studies on varieties of machine learning models (artificial neural networks [ANNs], support vector machine [SVM], and extreme learning machine [ELM]) to predict the performances of SWHs; 2) development of an ANN-based software to assist the quick prediction; and 3) introduction of a computational HTS method to design a high-performance SWH system.
An Optimizer-Tool-Based Improved Metaheuristic Method for Solving Security Optimal Power Flow
Authors: Mahdad Belkacem
Published: May 2018

In this chapter, an interactive tool using graphic user interface (GUI) environment-based MATLAB is proposed to solve practical optimal power system planning and control. The main particularity of the proposed tool is to assist student and researchers understanding the mechanism search of new metaheuristic methods. The proposed tool allows users to interact dynamically with the program. The users (students or experts) can set parameters related to a specified metaheuristic method to clearly observe the effect of choosing parameters on the solution quality. In this chapter, a new global optimization method named grey wolf optimizer (GWO) and pattern search algorithm (PS) have been successfully applied within the interactive tool to solve the optimal power flow problem. The robustness of the two proposed metaheuristic methods is validated on many standard power system tests. The proposed interactive optimal power flow tool is expected to be a useful support for students and experts specialized in power system planning and control.
An Optimal Photovoltaic Conversion System for Future Smart Grids
Authors: Makdisie Carlo , Haidar Badia , Alhelou Hassan Haes
Published: May 2018

Smart grid technology is the key for a reliable and efficient use of distributed energy resources. Amongst all the renewable sources, solar power takes the prominent position due to its availability in abundance. In this chapter, the authors present smart grid infrastructure issues and integrating solar PV-sourced electricity in the smart grid. Smart grid has many features, including reliability, flexibility on network topology, efficiency, sustainability, and market-enabling. The authors select a photovoltaic active power line conditioner as a case study. This line conditioner is a device designed to extract the maximum power of a photovoltaic (PV) system and to compensate the nonlinear and unbalanced loads of the electrical power systems. The performance of the PV conditioner with the neuro-fuzzy control designed has been analyzed through a simulation platform.
Using Visual Design to Improve the Online Learning Experience
Authors: Bader Jason D. , Lowenthal Patrick R.
Published: May 2018

There is an abundant amount of literature on visual design principles, graphic design theory, and media theory. Yet very little is discussed, at least in a systematic way, about the process of making online courses aesthetically pleasing. A major obstacle to gaining such knowledge is the lack of understanding of applied definitions, conceptual ideas, and methods of creating online learning interfaces. In this chapter, the authors seek to clarify the process of using visual design to improve the online learning experience. The chapter concludes with strategies on how colleges and universities can help faculty and instructional designers learn visual design skills through the creation of a design studio.
Issues in Web-Based Learning
Authors: Alomyan Hesham
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to review and critically evaluate some issues related to Web-based learning. The chapter begins with an introduction to the importance of using the Web in education; then it examines and evaluates such issues. Suggestions and solutions to these issues are offered. These issues are classified into theoretical and design issues. The theoretical issues include: (1) online interaction, (2) learner control, (3) disorientation and cognitive overload. The design issues include: (1) interface design and (2) content structure. The conclusion section summarizes the chapter and points out the importance of considering individual differences in Web-based learning systems design.
Use of Orange Data Mining Toolbox for Data Analysis in Clinical Decision Making
Authors: Peker Musa , Özkaraca Osman , Şaşar Ali
Published: May 2018

Diabetes is a life-long illness which occurs as a result of lack of insulin hormone or ineffectiveness of insulin hormone. Blood sugar, fructosamine, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values are widely used for diagnosis of this disease. Although the role of insulin in diagnosing diabetes is great, the HbA1c value is more accurate. This is because HbA1c value gives information about the past two or three months of blood sugar in the treatment of diabetes. This study aims to estimate the HbA1c value with high accuracy. Follow-up data of diabetic patients were used as data. The Orange data mining software is used because it is easy to use in the modeling phase and contains many methods. In this context, the chapter aims to develop an effective prediction model by using a large number of feature selection and classification methods. The results show that the proposed model successfully predicts the HbA1c parameter. In addition, determination of the parameters that are effective in the diagnosis of diabetes has been carried out with the feature selection methods.
ERP Post-Implementation Success Assessment
Authors: Ravasan Ahad Zare , Zare Ali , Bamakan Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini
Published: May 2018

Enterprise resource planning implementation is a costly project that tends to face serious challenges. Thus, it is essential to perform the success assessment at the post-implementation stage of an ERP project to evaluate how much the system has succeeded in achieving its predetermined objectives. This chapter proposes an extended framework for assessing a firm's ERP post-implementation success. The factors contributing to the success assessment have been adapted from the original model of Ifinedo et al., which encompasses service quality, system quality, information quality, individual, workgroup, and organizational impact surrogates. Also, a new surrogate of inter-organizational impact proposed in this research. Using this model, the firm's ERP system success can be determined and the required improvement projects can be proposed to promote the success level. The proposed model is then applied to a real international company in the field of manufacturing and supplying turbines to measure the firm's ERP post-implementation success. Finally, the results of the assessment are discussed.
A Cloud Broker for Service Adaptation Based on Interface Localization
Authors: Pahl Claus , Collins Luke
Published: May 2018

The aim of the Cloud “as-a-service” concept is provisioning of software services to facilitate access to resources to a range of different users in different locations. Service adaptation through localization in this context can facilitate the internationalization and localization of services by allowing their adaption to different locales. Three localization dimensions are investigated: (1) lingual localization by providing service-level language translation techniques to adopt services to different languages; (2) regulatory localization by providing standards-based mappings to achieve regulatory compliance with regionally varying laws, standards, and regulations; and (3) social localization by taking into account preferences and customs for individuals and the groups or communities in which they participate. The objective is to support and implement an explicit modelling of aspects that are relevant to localization and runtime support consisting of tools and middleware services to automating the deployment based on models of locales, driven by the two localization dimensions.
Applying Formal Methods to Verify Web Services Orchestration and Choreography
Authors: Sbai Zohra
Published: May 2018

The contribution presented in this chapter is to provide a formal framework ensuring the model checking based verification of the Composition of Web Services (WSC). For this, the authors propose first to model the web services composition by an interaction of open workflow nets: a special class of Petri nets. Then, they detail how to check behavioral properties specified in temporal logic using the model checker NuSMV. A WSC is with added value only if the involved services are compatible. So, in this context, across the translation proposed, the authors develop a verification layer of the WSC compatibility. This work is developed in a framework named D&A4WSC which allows to model the WSC by oWF-nets and to check their compatibility by invoking the model checker NuSMV. Furthermore, the authors extended D&A4WSC so that it permits a web services choreography described in a WS-CDL specification. For this they developed a translation from WS-CDL to a composition of oWF-nets, so that one can verify this choreography by the aforementioned approach.
An Optimal Hybrid Regression Testing Approach Based on Code Path Pruning
Authors: Gupta Varun
Published: May 2018

Hybrid regression testing approaches involve the combinations of test suite selections, prioritizations, and minimizations. The hybrid approaches must reduce size of test suite to minimal level and enhance fault detection rate. The chapter proposes a new hybrid regression testing approach that reduces the number of test cases by reducing the paths of source code on the basis of the dependency between the statements and the changes. The proposed technique is evaluated to be better than the existing hybrid approach in terms of percentage savings in test cases and fault detection rate.
Use of Contact Form in Development of Prosumer Innovations
Authors: Wyslocka Elżbieta A. , Szczepaniak Waldemar , Biadacz Renata , Wielgórka Dariusz
Published: May 2018

Operations of modern companies involve adjusting offered products and services to requirements and expectations of customers which are changing permanently. In order to keep up with expectations of consumers, they are engaged in production, promotion and consumption of co-produced goods or services. This article focuses on the phenomenon of inter-prosumption, that is cooperation consumer – Internet user and manufacturer through web pages to develop new or improve existing products, which is in this case taste of food products or their better packaging. Creating product innovation by engaged consumers requires good communication between them and the manufacturer. Such communication is often possible through a website and a contact form.