bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Managing pazopanib toxicity in the treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Boccone Paola , Laera Letizia , Baldi Giacomo Giulio , Miano Sara , Aliberti Sandra , Tolomeo Francesco , D’Ambrosio Lorenzo , Grignani Giovanni
Published: February 2019

Background Pazopanib is a multikinase inhibitor registered for the treatment of advanced renal clear cell carcinoma (RCC) and as second or further-line therapy in advanced non-adipocytic soft tissue sarcoma (STS). It is a relatively well-tolerated compound, but, as with many other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), chronic toxicity may become a challenge that both patient and physician need to take into account when starting treatment. This retrospective study investigated toxicities and their management in STS patients treated with pazopanib in routine clinical practice in Italy.
Materials and Methods Data were collected between January 2013 and May 2016 at Candiolo Cancer Institute and Prato Medical Oncology Unit. The primary objective was to describe observed toxicities in a real-life setting, and use this information to inform strategies for adverse event management.
Results A total of 43 patients with advanced STS who received treatment with pazopanib were included. Median progression-free survival was 4 months and median overall survival was 18 months. The most common toxicities were fatigue (74.4%), hypertension (72%), hair hypopigmentation (74.4%) and diarrhea (60.5%). Liver toxicities occurred in less than one-third of patients. Severe adverse events, requiring drug interruption, were relatively rare.
Conclusions This study confirms the safety and efficacy of pazopanib in pretreated unresectable or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma, and highlights the importance of close follow-up and patient support to improve compliance and treatment duration.
How to assess response to immune therapy
Authors: Michels Judith , Lanoy Emilie , Caramella Caroline , Marth Christian
Published: February 2019

Immunotherapy is already a mainstay in treating melanoma, lung cancer and renal cancer and shows compelling promise in many different tumors. However, responses to immunotherapy may be present despite apparent initial progression of the tumor. This underlines the importance of defining accurate tumor assessments and response criteria for immunotherapy. The RECIST criteria have therefore been modified to adhere to requirements of immunotherapy. In line with that, this review will focus on the current imaging tools, the statistical evaluations in clinical trials and the biological analysis of the tumor microenvironment that will in the future effectively guide treatment decisions in everyday clinical practice.
Immunotherapy and non-small cell lung cancers
Authors: Laera Letizia , Novello Silvia
Published: February 2019

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for more than 85% of all lung cancers. Immunotherapy has brought a paradigm shift to the treatment of NSCLC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as one of the main new therapeutic options for patients with advanced NSCLC. This brief review focuses on analyzing the biological rationale and early clinical data available concerning immunotherapeutic strategies, and more specifically, programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors.
Secondary de-bulking surgery in recurrent ovarian cancer
Authors: Harter Philipp , Colombo Nicoletta , Marchetti Claudia , Tomao Federica
Published: February 2019

No abstract available
Critical Theory and the Concept of Social Pathology Conference : The Centre for Social and Political Thought, University of Sussex, Date: September 2017 Introduction
Authors: Finlayson James Gordon
Published: February 2019

Introduction to the papers presented in the present edition that were first heard at the Critical Theory and the Concept of Social Pathology Conference held at the University of Sussex in September 2017.
On the ontology of social pathologies
Authors: Hirvonen Onni
Published: February 2019

The recent years have seen a rehabilitation of the concept of social pathology in the critical social theory. However, several pertinent questions about how to understand social pathologies remain. One of the big issues is, who is actually ill when a society is ill? Is it certain individuals, a large proportion of the population, groups, institutions, or the society as a whole? And what does it mean for these entities to be in a pathological state?This short presentation introduces four conceptions of social pathology that can be divided into roughly two camps. The “thin sense” of social pathology is more metaphorical and focuses on the socially caused and pervasive suffering of individuals while the “thick sense” of social pathology takes seriously the medical connotations of the word pathology and aims to apply them on the social or collective level. The aim in here is to highlight how the social-ontological commitments of the theories of social pathologies vary greatly. While it becomes clear that critical social theory can be achieved almost any combination of social ontological positions, the short analysis finishes with tentative desiderata for critical social ontology.
The a-theoretical core of political realism
Authors: Szűcs Zoltán Gábor
Published: February 2019

This paper aims to advocate a Williamsian approach to political realism and contends that contemporary realist political theory is built on an ‘a-theoretical core’ that the paper will call ‘political realism’ in the broader sense (for a very different approach to Williams, see Hall, 2013). The central tenet of this thesis is that contemporary realist political theory fundamentally differs from mainstream political theory not only in its political outlook, but also in its views about the tasks and prospects of theorizing. In other words, ‘political realism’ imposes severe constraints on theorizing in a realist key and makes contemporary realist political theory especially vulnerable to criticisms coming from mainstream political theory. This paper contends, however, that the inherent limitedness of contemporary realist political theory is a fair price that is worth paying for a more realistic understanding of politics.The argument of the paper is built on the Williamsian assumption that mainstream political theory is ultimately a sort of ‘applied morality’ and that the fundamental problem with mainstream political theory as ‘applied morality’ is not so much its strong commitment to pre-political moral principles as its being fundamentally shaped by an ethical theory.
Pain Assessment in Intensive Care Nursing and Nursing Management
Authors: ŞAPULU ALAKAN Yeliz , ÜNAL Edibe
Published: February 2019

Some evidence suggests that nonverbal patients experience

stressful, unpleasant, and potentially negative experiences during their time

in intensive care units. These include pain, fear, sleep deprivation,

nightmares, inability to speak, and feelings of isolation and loneliness. Among

these negative experiences, pain has emerged as a leading stressor for

intensive care units patients. The

patient self report is the most reliable source of pain assesment, intensive

care unit  patients are unable to self

report because of intubation and sedation. For this reason, there must be

scales which include verbal and non-verbal parameters, behavioral responses to

pain in intensive care units. Critical care nurses play the most important role

in evaluation and relief of pain in intensive care patients since they are the

staff who spend time most with the patients and follow them closely.
Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğunda Endokrin Bozucuların Rolü Var mıdır?
Authors: İLHAN Azad , AYAZ Aylin
Published: February 2019

İnsan sağlığı ve neslinin devamı metabolizma, büyüme-gelişme,
zihinsel işlevler, bağışıklık sistemi ve üreme için yaşamsal rolü bulunan
hormon ve benzeri sinyal taşıyıcı maddelerin kusursuz çalışmasına bağlıdır. Bebekler ve küçük çocuklar yetişkinlere oranla besinlerdeki kirleticilere daha duyarlıdır. Bebeklik ve erken çocukluk döneminde endokrin bozuculara maruz kalmak, çocukluk çağı hastalıklarının gelişimi açısından önemlidir. Prenatal dönemde bebekler plasenta yoluyla kirleticilere maruz kalabilirler. Bu maruziyet
sonucunda,  vücudun endokrin sistemi
etkilenip, nörolojik, üreme, kardiyovasküler, metabolik ve bağışıklık sistemi
üzerine olumsuz etkiler ortaya çıkmaktadır. Endokrin
bozucular östrojen, androjenler ve tiroid hormonlarının etkisini değiştirerek
etki gösterebilir. Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) yaşam boyu devam eden ve
genellikle tahrip edici etkisi olan, hem bu hastalığa sahip bireyi hem de tüm
ailesini önemli düzeyde etkileyen bir durumdur. OSB’ye neden olan faktörler
kesin olarak bilinmemekle birlikte genetik temelli olduğu bildirilmiştir.
Çevresel faktörlerin de OSB’ye neden olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Hem genetik
faktörlerin hem de çevresel faktörlerin etkileri üzerine çok sayıda araştırma
yapılmaktadır. Son dönemde yapılan çalışmalarda, gebe kadınların vücut
sıvılarının (idrar, serum) endokrin bozucu madde içerikleri ile ölçülen
kimyasalların prenatal vücut yüküne ve bunların çocuklara olan etkisi ve OSB
ile ilişkisine bakılmaktadır. Endokrin bozucuların OSB ile ilişkisi üzerine
çalışmalar olmasına rağmen bu konuda daha fazla çalışmaya gerek duyulmaktadır. Bu derleme yazıda OSB ve endokrin bozucular arasındaki olası ilişkinin güncel çalışma sonuçlarına göre değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Fear and disgust: case report of two uncommon emotional disturbances evoked by visual disperceptions after a right temporal-insular stroke
Authors: Cantone Mariagiovanna , Lanza Giuseppe , Bella Rita , Pennisi Giovanni , Santalucia Paola , Pennisi Manuela
Published: February 2019

Background: emotional processes and responses are underestimated in stroke patients because these symptoms are often hidden by the massive clinical picture of large hemispheric strokes. We report on a patient with peculiar unpleasant emotional responses after temporal stroke.
Case presentation: we describe a 62-years old man with significant unpleasant emotional responses that occurred after an acute episode of confusional state, disorientation, agitation, vertigo, postural instability, vomiting, and photophobia. Since then, he complained that vision of pictures containing curved/multicolored lines or tangles was associated with an uncomfortable feeling of fear and disgust, so that he avoided to look at them. Notably, he also showed an abnormal facial expression of disgust and fear, together with neurovegetative reaction and horripilation, at the presentation of pictures of objects or animals containing curved, multicolored, or tangled lines. A post-acute infarction of the right temporal-insular region, together with mild periventricular white matter changes, were evident at the brain magnetic resonance imaging.
Conclusions: the anterior insula is crucial in transforming unpleasant sensory input into visceromotor reactions and the accompanying feeling of disgust. It is also known that temporal pole modulates visceral emotional functions in response to emotionally evocative perceptual stimuli. In the present case, the ischemic lesion of anterior part of the insula and temporal pole may have caused a decoupling of emotional and visceral response to complex visual stimuli. Further reports will provide a significant contribution to the taxonomy of these complex and relatively uncommon non-motor post-stroke symptoms that negatively impact quality of life.
A comparative study in aquifer parameter estimation using MFree point collocation method with evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Thomas Alice , Eldho T. I. , Rastogi A. K. , Majumder Partha
Published: February 2019

In this study, we present a comparative assessment of simulation-optimization (S-O) models to estimate aquifer parameters such as transmissivity, longitudinal dispersivity, and transverse dispersivity. The groundwater flow and contaminant transport processes are simulated using the mesh-free radial basis point collocation method (RPCM). Four different S-O models are developed by combining the RPCM model separately with genetic algorithm (GA), differential evolution (DE), cat swarm optimization (CSO), and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The objective of the S-O model is to minimize a composite objective function with transmissivity, longitudinal dispersivity, and transverse dispersivity as decision variables. Hydraulic head and contaminant concentration at observation points are the state variables. The S-O models are used to estimate aquifer parameters of a confined aquifer with nine zones. It is found that RPCM-based DE, CSO, and PSO models are more accurate in estimating aquifer parameters than RPCM-GA. However, for noisy observed data, the RPCM-CSO model outperforms other models. The efficiency of the RPCM-CSO model over other models is further established by performing reliability analysis to the noisy observed data set. The comparative study reflects the efficacy of CSO over GA, DE, and PSO.
Evaluation of biocidal efficacy of Chloramine T trihydrate on planktonic and sessile bacteria in a model cooling tower water system
Authors: Sanli Nazmiye Ozlem
Published: February 2019

A model cooling tower system was experimentally seeded with Legionella pneumophila and real industrial cooling tower (CT) water has been run at the closest to full-scale system operating conditions. The water/biofilm samples were taken from the model system monthly, and the effectiveness of the different concentrations of Chloramine T trihydrate biocide was evaluated in terms of its ability to control both planktonic/sessile microbial populations. Although Chloramine T is a recommended commercial formulation for disinfecting CTs, there is a lack of published data on the efficacy of this compound against both planktonic and sessile populations in the cooling tower. Biocide response in both sessile/planktonic bacteria counts varied according to months. Tested biocide concentrations provided the clean tower conditions by reducing the concentration of heterotrophic plate count (HPC) below <104 cfu mL−1, L. pneumophila <10 cfu mL−1 and of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) values <300 relative light units (RLU), after 1, 3 and 24 h of exposure, during a 6-month period. There were no statistically significant differences in efficacy between concentrations in terms of reduction in the number of bacteria, decrease in ATP value and viability. The results revealed that Chloramine T can effectively control biofouling in cooling systems according to the limit values of the successful control program.
Anthropocene in Friction. Dis-Encounters Between Geology and History
Authors: Palacio Castañeda German Alfonso , Vargas Alberto , Hennessy Elizabeth
Published: February 2019

This article brings attention to the need to introduce social sciences to the Global Environmental Change conversation in order to discuss the notion of the “Anthropocene” postulated by prominent natural scientists (Crutzen & Stoermer 2000; Crutzen 2002). The focus of analysis concentrates on and the way the local and the global are put into friction (Tsing 2005). If natural scientists have achieved to show the dangers Earth currently confronts, what is not yet clear is if they understand how human societies, the main driver of this geological era, work. They tend to consider humans as a specie, so they make a reductionist idea of humans as a compact unity, taking away our knowledge that teaches that they are “social” (Moore 2015). This article starts with a discussion about the apparent common understanding on the “global,” by natural and social sciences. This article poses important challenges to social scientists, is critical toward the Anthropocene concept, and aspires to suggest critical thinking contributions on the global and its friction with the local. This article illustrates how, through the idea of the Anthropocene, Geology meets History in ways that are not easy to accept for social scientists because, they are right when they argue that the “anthropos” of the Anthropocene cannot be reduced to a “specie” because he/she is a socio-ecological entity.
Raça, Gênero e Saberes dos Povos da África na Difusão do Arroz Oryza glaberrima
Authors: Vital André Vasques
Published: February 2019

Resenha do Livro

Carney JA 2018. Arroz negro: as origens africanas do cultivo do arroz nas Américas. Instituto da Biodiversidade e das Áreas Protegidas, Bissau, 359 pp.
A Grande Aceleração: O Impacto da Ação Humana sobre o Planeta e a Proposição de uma Nova Época
Authors: Boggian Lucio Carlos de Carvalho
Published: February 2019

RESENHA DO LIVROMcNeill JR, Engelke P 2016. The Great Acceleration: An environmental history of the Anthropocene since 1945. Harvard University Press, Massachusetts, 280 pp.
Primera época - Año I, Número 3, diciembre 1999
Authors: De San Luis Revista del Colegio
Published: February 2019

Este número corresponde a la primera época de la Revista El Colegio de San Luis, denominado VETAS.
A Facile, Efficient and Selective Deprotection of P - Methoxy Benzyl Ethers Using Zinc (II) Trifluoromethanesulfonate
Authors: Sireesha Reddymasu , Sreenivasulu Reddymasu , Chandrasekhar Choragudi , Rao Mannam Subba
Published: February 2019

:

Deprotection is significant and conducted over mild reaction conditions, in order to restrict
any more side reactions with sensitive functional groups as well as racemization or epimerization of
stereo center because the protective groups are often cleaved at last stage in the synthesis. P - Methoxy
benzyl (PMB) ether appears unique due to its easy introduction and removal than the other benzyl ether
protecting groups. A facile, efficient and highly selective cleavage of P - methoxy benzyl ethers was
reported by using 20 mole% Zinc (II) Trifluoromethanesulfonate at room temperature in acetonitrile
solvent over 15-120 min. time period. To study the generality of this methodology, several PMB ethers
were prepared from a variety of substrates having different protecting groups and subjected to deprotection
of PMB ethers using Zn(OTf)2 in acetonitrile. In this methodology, zinc triflate cleaves only
PMB ethers without affecting acid sensitivity, base sensitivity and also chiral epoxide groups.
Predicting Drug Side Effects with Compact Integration of Heterogeneous Networks
Authors: Zhao Xian , Chen Lei , Guo Zi-Han , Liu Tao
Published: February 2019

Background:

The side effects of drugs are not only harmful to humans but also the major reasons for withdrawing approved drugs, bringing greater risks for pharmaceutical companies. However, detecting the side effects for a given drug via traditional experiments is time- consuming and expensive. In recent years, several computational methods have been proposed to predict the side effects of drugs. However, most of the methods cannot effectively integrate the heterogeneous properties of drugs.

Methods:

In this study, we adopted a network embedding method, Mashup, to extract essential and informative drug features from several drug heterogeneous networks, representing different properties of drugs. For side effects, a network was also built, from where side effect features were extracted. These features can capture essential information about drugs and side effects in a network level. Drug and side effect features were combined together to represent each pair of drug and side effect, which was deemed as a sample in this study. Furthermore, they were fed into a random forest (RF) algorithm to construct the prediction model, called the RF network model.

Results:

The RF network model was evaluated by several tests. The average of Matthews correlation coefficients on the balanced and unbalanced datasets was 0.640 and 0.641, respectively.

Conclusion:

The RF network model was superior to the models incorporating other machine learning algorithms and one previous model. Finally, we also investigated the influence of two feature dimension parameters on the RF network model and found that our model was not very sensitive to these parameters.
An Assessment of Digital Media-related Admissions in Psychiatrically Hospitalized Adolescents
Authors: Gansner Meredith , Belfort Erin , Leahy Caroline , Mirda Danielle , Carson Nicholas
Published: February 2019

Background:

Prevalent adolescent digital media use has brought clinical attention
to its potential associated risks. While excessive digital media use has been connected to adolescent
difficulties with mood and impulsivity, no study has examined digital media’s role in
precipitating adolescent psychiatric admissions.

Objective:

Our study aims were to identify and characterize digital media-related admissions
in a sample of psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents, and to recognize unique patterns of
digital media use within this sample. We hypothesized that adolescents with digital mediarelated
admissions would endorse higher amounts of digital media use and problematic online
behaviors.

Methods:

We administered a cross-sectional survey of psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents
between 2012 and 2016. Admissions were considered related to digital media use either
by adolescent report or documentation in the medical record. Unadjusted comparisons
were used to examine relationships between digital media-related psychiatric admissions, online
behaviors and suicide-related risk factors.

Results:

68 of 218 participants (31.2%) had digital media-related admissions. The most frequent
cause of digital media-related admission was cyberbullying (31.9%). Teens with digital-
media related admissions were significantly more likely to sext, use social media, and be
cyberbullied; these adolescents were also at increased risk of suicide planning and hopelessness.

Conclusion:

Efforts should be made by mental health clinicians to identify and address online
relational conflict, as well as to screen for cyberbullying and sexting. Clinicians should
consider that adolescents with digital media-related presentations may be at elevated risk of
self-harm, with higher rates of suicide planning and hopelessness compared to hospitalized
peers with admissions unrelated to digital media.
Nano-sizing Crystals: An Exquisite Way of Drug Conveyance
Authors: Gandhi Jaimini , Golwala Pooja , Madheshiya Shyam , Shah Pranav
Published: February 2019

Extensive attempts have been made to decipher the problem associated with the
solubility of drugs for maximizing bioavailability at targeted sites. More than 40% NCEs (new
chemical entities) emerged through modern technology like high throughput screening, combinatorial
chemistry, computer-aided drug design etc. and the drug discovery process has been
dramatically accelerated. Fabrication of materials into the nanodimension changes their physical
properties which depicts a vivid shift from lab scale optimization studies to scale up focused
studies. In addition, this comprehensive review covers physics behind the drug nanocrystals and
their properties, different technologies and methods of drug nanocrystal preparation and its stabilization
along with theapplication of nanocrystals. This review also covers factors affecting
nanoformulations, post-production processing and future prospects.
Kidneys functional state in patients suffered purulent pyelonephritis
Authors: Sinyakova L. A. , Bernikov E. V. , Loran O. B.
Published: February 2019

Introduction. Purulent pyelonephritis is a complicated urinary tract infection with one of the most severe currents. It represents a serious clinical problem associated with the complexity of the choice of diagnosis and the optimal active treatment strategy, as well as the need for subsequent rehabilitation of this category of patients.

Purpose of the study. Studying of the immediate and remote results of the kidneys` functional state in patients who have undergone purulent pyelonephritis using a differentiated approach to treatment tactics.

Materials and methods. The study included 84 patients who underwent purulent pyelonephritis at the age of 15 to 70 years old and were treated at the Botkin City Clinical Hospital from 1999 to 2007. The patients were divided into three groups depending on the method of treatment: group 1 - open surgery of 18 patients (21.4%); group 2 - percutaneous drainage methods - 38 (45.3%); group 3 - conservative therapy - 28 (33.3%) patients. Examination of patients included dynamic nephroscintigraphy and complex ultrasound. It was performed in time after treatment after 12, 36 and 60, 84 months.

Results. During the 7-year observation of patients, it was found that a more pronounced renal dysfunction and perfusion occurred during all periods of observation after undergoing open surgery according to Doppler sonography. Restoration of renal function occurred in shorter observation periods after the use of percutaneous kidney drainage and conservative treatment.

Conclusion. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that a differentiated approach to the choice of tactics for the treatment of patients with purulent pyelonephritis is reasonable. Accordingly, it should be introduced into clinical practice of urological departments that provide emergency care to urological patients.
Journalism and Convergence
Authors: Lunga Carolyne M.
Published: February 2019

The internet’s influence on the production and consumption of news has brought about revolutionary changes in the field of journalism. The people previously known as the “audiences” are now actively involved in creating and disseminating news via online news sites and websites. This increase in players has both positive and negative consequences for democracy.

This paper provides an overview of the positive and negative changes that have come about due to convergence. Through an observation of what is happening on various online sites and journalists’ everyday experiences, the paper offers an analysis of the impact globally. On a positive side, for example, citizens are engaging in conversations online with journalists and also with each other on various social platforms on issues that matter to them. The internet is applauded for promoting the number of voices online and freedom of expression. On a negative side, citizens bemoan the rise in fake news and disinformation which is harmful for democracy and is discrediting journalism. Journalism is fundamental as it influences society’s worldview. It thus becomes paramount for media houses and society to be more digital literate so as to distinguish between “real” and “fake” news in order to make more informed decisions.
MARCO REGULATÓRIO DAS ORGANIZAÇÕES DA SOCIEDADE CIVIL, RELAÇÕES FEDERATIVAS E IMPLICAÇÕES PARA OFERTA DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: De Araujo Gilda Cardoso , Freguete Lilian Marques , Do Nascimento Rosenery Pimentel
Published: February 2019

O artigo teve por objetivo analisar as implicações do Marco Regulatório das Organizações da Sociedade Civil, definido na Lei 13.019/2014, para a oferta educativa, particularmente para a etapa da educação infantil de 0 a 3 anos, que é responsabilidade dos municípios. O Marco Regulatório constitui uma Lei de âmbito nacional que se propõe a conferir maior segurança jurídica e transparência para a atuação das organizações da sociedade civil em parceria com a administração pública, em especial quando há repasse financeiro. Com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, de natureza qualitativa, o artigo situou teoricamente o Marco Regulatório a partir das redefinições do papel do Estado na perspectiva neoliberal e das novas formas de regulação. A partir deste referencial, o texto aborda o cenário de desconfiança em relação à atuação das organizações da sociedade civil, que antecedeu à aprovação da Lei 13.019/2014, e analisa seus mecanismos de contratualização, bem como as principais mudanças acarretadas pela Lei. O artigo finaliza abordando as implicações do Marco Regulatório para a oferta de educação infantil, particularmente para crianças de 0 a 3 anos, atendidas em creches. As considerações finais indicam que políticas e programas educacionais onerosos, como é o caso da oferta de educação infantil em creches, são prejudicados pela governança de múltiplo nível, própria da federação brasileira, e ficam ainda mais vulneráveis quando submetidos à lógica da governança em múltiplas esferas, por meio das organizações da sociedade civil. Tal prática desmonta o sentido público do direito à educação.
PARENTESCO, ORALIDADE E APRENDIZAGEM ENTRE VENDEDORES DE FOLHAS NA FEIRA DE SÃO JOAQUIM (SALVADOR)
Authors: De Oliveira Orlando José Ribeiro , De Oliveira Marília Flores Seixas
Published: February 2019

A Feira de São Joaquim (Salvador/BA) centraliza o mercado e a distribuição de plantas, aqui chamadas folhas, a que são atribuídas eficácias mágico-religiosa e terapêutica, desempenhando papel central em rituais e práticas da religiosidade afro-brasileira, notadamente no candomblé. Produzidas e comercializadas por extrativistas (majoritariamente mulheres), horticultores e raizeiros, tais folhas são negociadas em grandes quantidades e variedades diretamente por quem as produz, num local da feira chamado Pedra, em transações mercantis que ocorrem durante poucas horas na madrugada, fazendo circular grandes quantidades de folha no mercado regional. As folhas resultantes de coleta (extrativismo) são produzidas hegemonicamente por mulheres, que as colhem em áreas naturais e manchas florestais remanescentes no entorno de Salvador e interior do Estado, as organizam emgrandes fardos, as levam ao mercado, onde as vendem diretamente aos consumidores. Nessasatividades, é comum a participação de familiares, sobretudo crianças e adolescentes, que asacompanham em todas as etapas produtivas, o que envolve processos de aprendizagem que se baseiamem transmissão intergeracional e oral do conhecimento étnico-referenciado sobre as plantas e seususos e abrangem aspectos da sociabilidade na feira. Este artigo decorre de pesquisa de campo eobserva, dentre outros elementos, a proeminência das relações de parentesco entre os agentes sociaisda produção e circulação e aspectos que permitem aproximações com o contexto dos mercadosafricanos tradicionais.
A POLÍTICA DE EDUCAÇÃO INTEGRAL EM TEMPO INTEGRAL: A PERSPECTIVA DOS PROFESSORE
Authors: Gomes Tânia Castro , Colares Maria Lília Imbiriba Sousa
Published: February 2019

O presente artigo aborda a política e as experiências de educação integral em tempo integral no Brasil, tendo como recorte as experiências acontecidas na rede estadual de ensino no município de Santarém – Pará e discorre a partir da caraterização da escola e dos participantes da pesquisa sobre estas experiências na perspectiva dos professores relacionando sua prática pedagógica em sala de aula. Realizamos pesquisa empírica cujo instrumento foi o questionário e os itens foram organizados e sistematizados em gráficos e tabelas; a análise foi referendada em fontes bibliográficas e documentais (leis, decretos) que delineiam discussões sobre as políticas educacionais de educação integral. Os resultados deste estudo demonstram que é necessário conhecer a realidade das escolas que por sua diversidade, enfrenta desafios na efetivação da política educacional de educação integral em tempo integral como por exemplo: adequação de tempo, espaço, metodologias, formação e a práticapedagógica desenvolvida no cotidiano da escola.
QUALIDADE DO ENSINO E ESCOLA DE TEMPO INTEGRAL
Authors: Machado Cristiane
Published: February 2019

Este artigo pretende explorar as concepções de qualidade do ensino que permeiam políticas e iniciativas de educação integral e escola de tempo integral por meio de artigos que debateram possíveis relações entre a ampliação do tempo de permanência na escola e incrementos na qualidade do ensino. Os textos selecionados compõem o mapeamento da produção sobre educação integral e escola em tempo integral em artigos de periódicos científicos que constam no Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) no período de 2008 a 2017, elaborado por Machado e Ferreira (2018). Para este estudo foram selecionados, por meio do recurso‘localizar’ do word, 18 (dezoito) artigos que analisaram a qualidade do ensino na perspectiva programática e da implementação de iniciativas de educação integral. Conclui que as concepções de qualidade nos textos explorados, em geral, se referem ao desempenho dos estudantes nas avaliações, tanto as padronizadas em larga escala como, também, nas aplicadas pelos professores em sala de aula. Finaliza indicando que a escola em tempo integral é uma possibilidade efetiva de melhorar a qualidade do ensino, contudo, indica que esforços precisam ser adotados para que outras dimensões da educação escolar sejam atendidas, como aspectos da qualidade do ensino, como organização política e pedagógica das atividades oferecidas, formação permanente dos profissionais que atuam em tempo integral, infraestrutura para as atividades complementares, para fortalecer e estimular todo o potencial desta política educacional em incrementar melhorias da qualidade do ensino.
DESCONSTRUINDO E “INTERCULTURALIZANDO”: PROCESSOS EDUCATIVOS EM ENCONTRO COM INDÍGENAS DE RONDÔNIA
Authors: Da Silva Armelinda Borges , De Lima Deloise Ângela Amorim , Neves Josélia Gomes
Published: February 2019

O presente estudo tem o objetivo de discutir o conceito de interculturalidade em três vertentes, a saber: a relacional, a funcional e a crítica. Dessa forma, nos propomos a escutar e compreender os conhecimentos e desconhecimentos de estudantes acerca da temática Povos Indígenas. A realização deste estudo foi possibilitada pelas leituras de Walsh (2009), Tubino (2013) e Freire (1992) e pelos registros obtidos em uma atividade intercultural encaminhada pelo Programa PIBID Diversidade que ocorreu no 2º semestre de 2016. A referida ação ocorreu mediante a materialização dediálogos interculturais envolvendo estudantes do 3º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola da rede pública de Ji-Paraná (Rondônia) e indígenas do Curso de Licenciatura em Educação Básica Intercultural da Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR). Esta pesquisa fundamenta-se nos pressupostos metodológicos da observação participante com registros das observações em campo (ANDRÉ, 2012) no decorrer do estudo. Os resultados evidenciam que o diálogo intercultural entre os diferentes povos constitui um recurso importante para desconstruir estereótipos e promover processosde compreensão das diferenças culturais rumo a interculturalização do currículo e da práticapedagógica.
COMO FORMAR PROFESSORES? CONCEPÇÕES DE PÓS-GRADUANDOS EM EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Araújo Monica Lopes Folena , Araújo Maria Inêz Oliveira
Published: February 2019

A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo geral compreender as concepções de pós-graduandosem educação sobre como formar professores. Nesse sentido, especificamente objetivamos: promover aSequência Didática Interativa (SDI) como instrumento de coleta de dados e também metodologia formativa e comparar concepções sobre como formar professores antes e após a vivência de uma disciplina sobre formação de professores. Os resultados indicaram que a pesquisa-ação, a necessidade de se conhecer metodologias diversas, de refletir sobre a docência, a unidade teoria-prática, a criticidade e a humanização são alguns dos aspectos relevantes a serem considerados no processo formativo.
FORMAÇÃO ACADÊMICA E INFLUÊNCIA DOS PROFESSORES NOS PROJETOS PROFISSIONAIS DE UNIVERSITÁRIOS
Authors: De Abreu Elzenita Falcão , De Alencar Heloisa Moulin , Couto Leandra Lúcia Moraes
Published: February 2019

Buscamos conhecer, sob a perspectiva de estudantes universitários, os pontos positivos e negativos da formação acadêmica e discutir, nas perspectivas da moral e da ética, sobre a influência dos professores nos projetos profissionais dos estudantes. Entrevistamos, utilizando o método clínico de Piaget, 51 universitários da área da saúde da Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), campus Petrolina. De forma geral, os participantes identificam mais pontos positivos doque pontos negativos na formação acadêmica. Além disso, constatamos que aspectos relacionados aosprofessores, ao relacionamento entre os alunos, à cultura da universidade, dentre outros, são identificados tanto como ponto positivo como ponto negativo. A maioria dos participantes considera que os professores influenciam seus projetos de vida profissional, e de forma positiva. No entanto, embora em baixa frequência, é importante considerar as respostas dos participantes que afirmam que seus projetos não são influenciados pelos professores e, principalmente, aquela que sinaliza que os professores influenciam de maneira negativa. Esperamos que os dados encontrados em nossa pesquisa instiguem trabalhos de intervenção no contexto universitário, proporcionando reflexões a respeito dos princípios que devem nortear um ensino comprometido com a ética e a transformação social.
Altered Gut Microbiota Activate and Expand Insulin B15-23–Reactive CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Pearson James A. , Kakabadse Dimitri , Davies Joanne , Peng Jian , Warden-Smith Jeremy , Cuff Simone , Lewis Mark , da Rosa Larissa Camargo , Wen Li , Wong F. Susan
Published: February 2019

Insulin is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes, targeted by both CD8 and CD4 T cells. We studied an insulin-reactive T-cell receptor (TCR) α-chain transgenic NOD mouse on a TCRCα and proinsulin 2 (PI2)-deficient background, designated as A22Cα−/−PI2−/− NOD mice. These mice develop a low incidence of autoimmune diabetes. To test the role of gut microbiota on diabetes development in this model system, we treated the A22Cα−/−PI2−/− NOD mice with enrofloxacin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic. The treatment led to male mice developing accelerated diabetes. We found that enrofloxacin increased the frequency of the insulin-reactive CD8+ T cells and activated the cells in the Peyer’s patches and pancreatic lymph nodes, together with induction of immunological effects on the antigen-presenting cell populations. The composition of gut microbiota differed between the enrofloxacin-treated and untreated mice and also between the enrofloxacin-treated mice that developed diabetes compared with those that remained normoglycemic. Our results provide evidence that the composition of the gut microbiota is important for determining the expansion and activation of insulin-reactive CD8+ T cells.
A Peripheral Blood DNA Methylation Signature of Hepatic Fat Reveals a Potential Causal Pathway for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Ma Jiantao , Nano Jana , Ding Jingzhong , Zheng Yinan , Hennein Rachel , Liu Chunyu , Speliotes Elizabeth K. , Huan Tianxiao , Song Ci , Mendelson Michael M. , Joehanes Roby , Long Michelle T. , Liang Liming , Smith Jennifer A. , Reynolds Lindsay M. , Ghanbari Mohsen , Muka Taulant , van Meurs Joyce B.J. , Alferink Louise J.M. , Franco Oscar H. , Dehghan Abbas , Ratliff Scott , Zhao Wei , Bielak Lawrence , Kardia Sharon L.R. , Peyser Patricia A. , Ning Hongyan , VanWagner Lisa B. , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Carr John Jeffrey , Greenland Philip , Lichtenstein Alice H. , Hu Frank B. , Liu Yongmei , Hou Lifang , Darwish Murad Sarwa , Levy Daniel
Published: February 2019

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to identify the peripheral blood DNA methylation signature of hepatic fat. We conducted epigenome-wide association studies of hepatic fat in 3,400 European ancestry (EA) participants and in 401 Hispanic ancestry and 724 African ancestry participants from four population-based cohort studies. Hepatic fat was measured using computed tomography or ultrasound imaging and DNA methylation was assessed at >400,000 cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (CpGs) in whole blood or CD14+ monocytes using a commercial array. We identified 22 CpGs associated with hepatic fat in EA participants at a false discovery rate <0.05 (corresponding P = 6.9 × 10−6) with replication at Bonferroni-corrected P < 8.6 × 10−4. Mendelian randomization analyses supported the association of hypomethylation of cg08309687 (LINC00649) with NAFLD (P = 2.5 × 10−4). Hypomethylation of the same CpG was also associated with risk for new-onset T2D (P = 0.005). Our study demonstrates that a peripheral blood–derived DNA methylation signature is robustly associated with hepatic fat accumulation. The hepatic fat–associated CpGs may represent attractive biomarkers for T2D. Future studies are warranted to explore mechanisms and to examine DNA methylation signatures of NAFLD across racial/ethnic groups.
The Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus–Median Eminence Is a Target for Sustained Diabetes Remission Induced by Fibroblast Growth Factor 1
Authors: Brown Jenny M. , Scarlett Jarrad M. , Matsen Miles E. , Nguyen Hong T. , Secher Anna , Jorgensen Rasmus , Morton Gregory J. , Schwartz Michael W.
Published: February 2019

In rodent models of type 2 diabetes (T2D), sustained remission of diabetic hyperglycemia can be induced by a single intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1). To identify the brain areas responsible for this effect, we first used immunohistochemistry to map the hypothalamic distribution of phosphorylated extracellular signal–related kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2), a marker of mitogen-activated protein kinase–ERK signal transduction downstream of FGF receptor activation. Twenty minutes after icv FGF1 injection in adult male Wistar rats, pERK1/2 staining was detected primarily in two hypothalamic areas: the arcuate nucleus–median eminence (ARC-ME) and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). To determine whether an action of FGF1 localized to either the ARC-ME or the PVN is capable of mimicking the sustained antidiabetic effect elicited by icv FGF1, we microinjected either saline vehicle or a low dose of FGF1 (0.3 µg/side) bilaterally into either the ARC-ME area or PVN of Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats, a model of T2D, and monitored daily food intake, body weight, and blood glucose levels over a 3-week period. Whereas bilateral intra-arcuate microinjection of saline vehicle was without effect, remission of hyperglycemia lasting >3 weeks was observed following bilateral microinjection of FGF1 into the ARC-ME. This antidiabetic effect cannot be attributed to leakage of FGF1 into cerebrospinal fluid and subsequent action on other brain areas, since icv injection of the same total dose was without effect. Combined with our finding that bilateral microinjection of the same dose of FGF1 into the PVN was without effect on glycemia or other parameters, we conclude that the ARC-ME area (but not the PVN) is a target for sustained remission of diabetic hyperglycemia induced by FGF1.
Malicious XSS Code Detection with Decision Tree
Authors: KASIM Ömer
Published: February 2019

Dynamic applications such as e-commerce, blogs, forums, e-governance, e-banking and portals that are in these platforms have become a part of our lives. However, a tremendous increase in the use of dynamic web and mobile applications has resulted in security vulnerabilities originating from the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) coding system. Site-to-site Script Execution (XSS) attack is the largest contributors to security exploits. There are different models according to the dynamic content that XSS attacks use. The interest of the study is composed of attacks on visual content with the "img" tag. In study, an algorithm has been developed to detect XSS attacks with the decision tree which is motivated by the fact that they tend to be easier to implement and interpret than other quantitative data-driven methods. The algorithm that successfully classifies 392 of 400 malicious and clean codes in the data set with 8 different features. This result contributes to the use of secure internet without XSS attacks that use visual content..
Mujeres en pobreza multidimensional en una zona urbana de Yucatán / Women in multidimensional poverty in an urban area of Yucatan
Authors: España Paredes Alejandra Pamela
Published: February 2019

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la situación de pobreza multidimensional urbana de 374 mujeres que residen en Komchen, Leona Vicario, Caucel, Cholul, Chablekal y San José Tzal, comisarías de la ciudad de Mérida (Yucatán). Para seleccionar la muestra de esta investigación se tomó en cuenta la propuesta metodológica del Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social (Coneval), la cual sugiere que la pobreza multidimensional se halla presente cuando se tiene un ingreso menor a la línea de bienestar o cuando se tiene alguna carencia asociada al bienestar social. En cuanto al apartado metodológico, se trabajó con un enfoque mixto (cuantitativo y cualitativo), pues la información fue recabada mediante cuestionarios estructurados y a través de la observación y la entrevista en profundidad. Los resultados demuestran que la mayoría de las entrevistadas se encuentra en un rango de edad que oscila entre los 40 y 24 años, son casadas y tienen un promedio de 2 o 3 hijos, los cuales se encuentran en edades escolares (principalmente primaria). Esto ocasiona que ellas no solo deban dedicar gran parte de su tiempo a las labores del hogar y al cuidado de los hijos, sino también que no puedan realizar alguna actividad económica y, por tanto, tengan que renunciar a sus proyectos de vida. En síntesis, se puede asegurar que el enfoque multidimensional de la pobreza usado en el presente trabajo ha resultado muy útil para intentar comprender en todas sus aristas dicho fenómeno, pues ha servido para vislumbrar las diversas circunstancias sociales, así como las creencias culturales que se deben abordar para alcanzar la igualdad de oportunidades.
A Missão Organizacional das Melhores e Maiores Empresas do Brasil
Authors: Lugoboni Leonardo Fabris , Mello Daniel Andere de , Fischmann Adalberto Americo , Quishida Alessandra , Zittei Marcus Vinicius Moreira
Published: February 2019

A preocupação com resultados e melhores práticas faz parte do cotidiano dos gestores e das empresas e dentro de tudo isso a preocupação com o planejamento estratégico. Dentro deste contexto, esta pesquisa buscou responder o seguinte questionamento: Qual a estrutura da missão organizacional das empresas classificadas como “Melhores e Maiores” no Brasil? Para isso analisamos a missão organizacional das 500 empresas melhores classificadas pelo ranking “Melhores & Maiores de 2012” publicado pela editora Abril. Foi possível observar que os aspectos mais presentes são: “Identificação do autoconceito e valores fundamentais, filosofia, tecnologias e competências essenciais e comportamento da organização”; “produtos e serviços” e “questões sustentáveis” (social e ambiental)”. Embora não seja possível dizer que a presença ou ausência dos aspectos em suas missões sejam responsáveis pelo desempenho das empresas, podemos afirmar que estes aspectos estão presentes na missão organizacional das 500 Melhores & Maiores de 2012.
Competitividade de Mercado e Nível de Intangibilidade: Análise em Companhias Abertas Brasileiras
Authors: Moura Geovanne Dias de , Dalchiavon Ariberto , Scheren Gilvane , Zanin Antonio
Published: February 2019

O estudo objetivou verificar a influência da competitividade no nível de intangibilidade das companhias abertas listadas na B3 S. A. Para tal, realizou-se pesquisa descritiva e quantitativa em uma amostra de companhias abertas, com dados de 2010 a 2016. Quanto aos intangíveis, em consonância com Ritta, Ensslin e Ronchi (2010) e Medrado et al. (2016) foi calculado, para cada empresa, o percentual dos intangíveis em relação ao ativo total. Para competitividade, seguindo Moura, Mecking e Scarpin (2013) e Sobrinho et al. (2014), foi utilizado como proxy o índice de Herfindahl-Hirschman. Em relação à intangibilidade, destacaram-se positivamente as companhias do setor de bens industriais e negativamente as dos setores financeiro e de materiais básicos. Identificou-se monopólio no setor econômico de petróleo, gás e biocombustíveis, oligopólios nos setores de materiais básicos, tecnologia da informação e de telecomunicações e concorrência perfeita nos demais setores. Os resultados também sinalizaram que a competitividade pode ser vista como um fator que influencia na representatividade dos intangíveis no ativo total das empresas.