bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity of Commelinaceae in Laos and two new record species: Amischotolype glabrata Hassk., and Commelina maculata Edgew.
Authors: SENGTHONG Anousone , SAENSOUK Surapon , SAENSOUK Piyaporn , SOULADETH Phetlasy
Published: October 2024

The Commelinaceae diversity in Laos have been published, recorded 23 species belonging to nine genera, two species were the new record species in Laos namely Amischotolype glabrata, and Commelina maculata. The objective of this research was to study the diversity of Commelinaceae in Laos including the data of distribution, ecology, phenology, and conservation status of each species in Commelinaceae family. The research areas included four National Parks of Laos namely Nam Et–Phou Louey National Plank, Nakai-Nam Theun National Park, Hin Namnor National Park, and Dong Houa Sao National Park. The distribution of Commelinaceae in Laos is based on a study of four areas, Commelinaceae species in NKNT and DHS exhibited the highest similarity index (0.2857) with 10 species found in both National Parks. The ecology of Commelinaceae is highly diverse included dry evergreen forest, deciduous forest, evergreen forest, grassland, hill evergreen, limestone forest, mix deciduous forest, marshy places, open area, and secondary forest, the majority, including 11 species were discovered in marshy places. The Commelinaceae flowering from May to November, the highest flowering occurs in August, with 23 species blooming. The conservation status of Commelinaceae species in this research has been assessed by the IUCN, with five species recorded, including Commelina benghalensis, C. diffusa, Cyanotis axillaris, Cy. cristata, and Floscopa scandens. All of them have been classified as least concern (LC) species. The conservation status of Commelinaceae by the authors is also assessed using the IUCN Red List criteria, and these species were related to the IUCN Red List, these species of Commelinaceae separated into two groups, rare plants group including nine species namely Aetheolirion stenolobium, Amischotolype glabrata, Commelina maculate, Cyanotis arachnoidea, Dictyospermum ovatum, Murdannia japonica, Pollia secundiflora, P. thrysiflora and Rhopalephora scaberrima. Other species were in a commonly found plant group. The study of the conservation status requires further investigation to confirm its accuracy.
Separation and identification of individual anthocyanins from the petals of some rose cultivars
Authors: PASERE Ionela C. , ROMAN Gabriela M. , BUNEA Claudiu I. , BUNEA Andrea , NICOLESCU Alexandru , PINTEA Adela
Published: October 2024

Rose cultivars represent a source with potential for therapeutical applications due to the high content in bioactive phytochemicals, including phenolic derivatives and lipophilic compounds, such as carotenoids. Anthocyanins, a phenolic subclass, represent the major compounds responsible for the colors of roses. In this study, we have aimed to extract, separate, and identify the anthocyanin compounds found in the petals of 25 different rose cultivars. High performance liquid chromatography followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) was used to separate, identify and quantify the individual anthocyanins. The results showed the presence of 9 anthocyanin compounds, whereas the total anthocyanin content of rose cultivars ranged from 20.267-1206.841 mg/100 g FW, from which cyanidin-caffeoyl-glucoside was the most quantitatively represented anthocianin, followed by cyanidin-glucoside and pelargonidin-glucoside. In addition to this, the antioxidant activity was applied using the established DPPH in vitro method (1403 ± 301-304 ± 37 µmol TE/g FW), as well as the total phenolic content (2600±452-208±23 mg GAE/100 g FW) and the total flavonoid content (160±23-705±49 mg QE/100 g FW). Among the evaluated cultivars, the highest content in anthocyanin was determined for the ‘Amalia’ cultivar. Between the 25 rose cultivars analyzed, the varieties ‘Amalia’, ‘Foc de tabără’, ‘Fruhrot’, and ‘First Red’ followed as being the richest in anthocyanins content and the lowest values were recorded for the varieties ‘Jimini Cricket’, ‘Cri-Cri’, ‘Fortuna’, and ‘Zburlici’.  The same trend was observed for the total phenolic and total flavonoid content but also the antioxidant activity. The importance of analyzing anthocyanin content in different rose varieties came from the use of anthocyanins as natural dyes, having potential pharmaceutical ingredients that give various beneficial health effects.
Eriophyid mites in fruit crops: Biology, ecology, molecular aspects, and innovative control strategies
Authors: MAHMOOD Syed U. , MAO Runqian , UL HAQ Inzamam , FANG Xiaoduan
Published: October 2024

Eriophyid mites, minute arachnids within the family Eriophyidae, pose significant threats to fruit crops globally, leading to substantial economic losses in agriculture. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the intricate biology, ecology, molecular aspects, and innovative control strategies of these pervasive pests. Eriophyid mites exhibit a complex life cycle and reproductive strategy, with their habitat preferences and distribution heavily influenced by environmental factors and host-plant interactions. Advances in molecular biology have provided more profound insights into their genetics and interactions at the molecular level, revealing crucial information for developing targeted pest management strategies. Control strategies for eriophyid mites encompass chemical methods, such as applying acaricides and understanding resistance mechanisms, as well as biological control using natural predators and parasitoids. Cultural and physical control methods, including crop rotation and mechanical removal, play vital roles in integrated pest management (IPM). Emerging approaches like RNA interference (RNAi) and semiochemical-based controls offer promising alternatives for sustainable pest management. This review underscores the importance of a multifaceted approach to effectively manage eriophyid mite infestations, integrating traditional and novel strategies. Future research should focus on overcoming current challenges, enhancing the efficacy of control methods, and further exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying mite-plant interactions
Biochar improves morpho-physiological growth, osmolyte accumulation, nutrients balance, anti-oxidative defense and oil productivity of Brassica under flooding stress
Authors: SHAO Jinhua , BI Fugang , LI Mingquan , MUNIR Rizwan , RASUL Fahd , TANG Wei , LIANG Xinyue , AAMER Muhammad , AHMAD Naeem , ULLAH Asad , ALHARBI Sulaiman A. , ALFARRAJ Saleh
Published: October 2024

Soil flooding is a serious abiotic stress that can repress plant growth and yield. The intensity of flooding stress is continuously increasing owing to rapid climate change and changes in rain intensity and frequency. Biochar (BC) emerges as an important soil amendment to mitigate adverse impacts of abiotic stress. The role of BC against different stresses is well reported, however, its role under flooding stress is not determined yet. Thus, this experiment was conducted to determine the role of BC on the performance of brassica crops under flooding stress. The experiment was comprised of well-watered (WW) and flooding stress (FS) conditions and biochar application: control, 1% biochar, and 2.5% biochar. The results indicated that flooding stress stunted the plant growth and impaired the photosynthetic pigments, leaf water status, osmolytes yield and yield traits, and oil concentration and increased the electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. The application of BC at the rate of 2.5% mitigated the adverse impacts of salinity and upgraded the antioxidant activities (~50-120%), reduced the oxidative stress markets (~70-300%), and increased the leaf water status, photosynthetic pigments, osmolyte accumulation, nutrient uptake, yield traits, and oil contents. In conclusion, BC application can improve the productivity and oil yield of brassica under drought stress by improving plant physiological and biochemical functioning. However, more in depth studies are direly needed to explore the mechanism of BC to induce flood tolerance.
Exploring the effects of the assisted transfer of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances in the Romanian Carpathians
Authors: BESLIU Emanuel , CURTU Alexandru L. , BUDEANU Marius , APOSTOL Ecaterina N. , CIOCÎRLAN Mihnea I.C.
Published: October 2024

The genetic inheritance of a tree species is fully expressed in the phenotype only when its ecological requirements are accomplished. Therefore, genetic tests provide the opportunity to simulate the change in the environment and determine the most suitable site conditions for specific populations. In light of the unpredictable climate conditions resulting from rapid environmental changes, the current study investigated possible signs of adaptation and productivity of European beech in the Romanian Carpathian region. For this purpose, the tree growth and stability performances, as well as the transfer effect, were examined in 17 international beech provenances tested in two different environments for 27 years. Growth and stability performances were evaluated using tree height (Th), breast height diameter (DBH), and survival (S). In the case of the transfer analyses, the ecodistance approach was applied. According to the results, the average of S was 13% higher in the Carbunari provenance trial, and DBH was higher in the Sacele trial by 15%, while no noticeable differences were registered for Th. The best-performing provenances were those originating from similar site conditions to the Romanian test sites, and the transfer function detected the sensitivity of beech provenances to increasing temperature. The general transfer response of provenances revealed a similar performance across sites and suggested that provenances exhibited adaptation and acclimation to the test environments from Romanian Carpathians.
Formation and Assessment of the Development Potential of Preferential Territories in Russia
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS, Romanova O. A. , Galiullina G. F. ,   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS
Published: October 2024

Considering the new reality in Russia, research needs to identify and use additional factors to ensure economic growth. The spatial factor plays an important role in enhancing the sustainability of economic development and increasing macroeconomic dynamics. The study examines the formation and assesses the development potential of Russian preferential territories, of which there are currently more than 860. The research methodology is based on the principles of spatial development, synergetic economics and institutional theories. Methods of comparative, statistical, structural, and SWOT analysis are used. It is hypothesised that the use of the development potential of preferential territories (in this case, priority development areas (PDAs) of single-industry towns) will increase their technological advancement. As of 2024, 110 Russian territories, including 84 single-industry towns, have the priority development area status. The opportunities and development risks of Russian preferential territories were analysed using SWOT. An institutional-synergetic approach to the formation of PDAs was utilised to create a methodology for determining development potentials. The performed assessment of the potential of 9 priority development areas in single-industry towns revealed the presence of technologically advanced institutions only in three of them (Naberezhnye Chelny, Tolyatti and Nevinnomyssk). Six PDAs have resources, development institutions, and infrastructure corresponding to the current technological development level of the territory. Three PDAs can rely on the strategic potential of their regions (characterised by a high or average quality of life and investment attractiveness). The study offered recommendations for adjusting territorial development strategies, taking into account the socio-economic potential of priority areas for their transition to the next technological level. The findings can be used for updating the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation and adjusting the performance indicators of preferential territories.
Differentiation of the Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation for the Implementation of Regional Scientific, Technological and Innovation Policy
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Byvshev V. I. , Panteleeva I. A. ,   Siberian Federal University, Pisarev I. V. ,   Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology
Published: October 2024

Scientific, technological and innovative development in Russia is becoming increasingly important at the state level. The study aims to differentiate the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to identify approaches to the implementation of a systemic regional scientific, technological and innovation policy. It is hypothesised that socio-economic, spatial, and administrative and historical factors should be considered for developing such a policy in Russian regions. Axiomatic and descriptive methods, economic and statistical analysis, and mapping were utilised. A system of 3 indicator blocks for the differentiation of Russian regions was compiled; the obtained results were presented in a table and a map. The described heterogeneities and commonalities of regions can be used to develop directions for implementing regional scientific, technological and innovation policy. Russian regions were divided into 23 groups of 4 types, ranging from most to least scientifically, technologically and innovatively developed. Corresponding recommendations for successful scientific, technological and innovative development of each type were generated. Advanced regions need to implement a policy of research leadership, guidance for other regions, and international cooperation. Developed regions have to focus on the best practices of advanced regions, develop their target scientific areas, and establish interregional research cooperation within groups to strengthen their competitive advantages. Regions with development potential should be involved in the federal scientific and technological agenda, which can become a powerful impulse and attract federal funding. Regions with a low base can cooperate with more developed regions similar in terms of economic structure and location and become their satellite. The presented differentiation of Russian regions by key characteristics and parameters confirmed the hypothesis, proving the need for consistency of regional scientific, technological and innovation policy and scientific validity of decision-making.
Fuentes documentales y la labor del historiador para el estudio y conservación del Qhapaq Ñan
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Riobamba (Ecuador), Miniguano Trujillo Andrea Soledad
Published: October 2024

El propósito de este texto es exponer la importancia de la utilización de las fuentes documentales que se encuentran en los repositorios locales, nacionales y extranjeros para la producción de investigaciones
históricas que permitan la recuperación del Qhapaq Ñan a través de la comprensión del uso, abandono, conservación, alteración, dinamización y paisaje cultural en torno al camino, esto es necesario para producir
información que pueda ser orientada a la producción de insumos de planificación territorial que incluya a este patrimonio, productos comunicacionales educativos y turísticos que tengan una solvencia orientados a la preservación.
Türkiye’de arazi örtüsü/kullanımı değişimlerinin belirlenmesi ve iklim değişimine olası etkileri
Authors: Özcanlı Mehmet , Yilmaz Erkan
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışma Türkiye’de arazi kullanım değişim eğilimini, farklı arazi kulanım türlerinin alansal yer değişimlerinin 1990’dan 2018 yılına kadar belli periyotlarda birbirleri ile olan durumunu ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma arazi kulanım türlerinin bölgesel düzeyde meydana gelen değişim eğilimlerini sunarken, iklim değişikliği olgusuna değişik bir cepheden dikkat çekmeyi de hedeflemektedir. Yöntem olarak Türkiye 30a 30 dakikalık 1200 karelaja ayrılmış ve her karelaj kendi içinde genel arazi kullanım gurupları karşılaştırmaya tabi tutulmuştur. Bu karelajlarda arazi kullanım türlerinin yoğunluk, periyodik büyüme, değişim ve eğilimleri belirlenmiştir. Bu belirlemeler uzaktan algılama, CBS yöntem-teknikleri ve Mann Kendall eğilim analizi ile mümkün olmuştur. Bu yöntem ve teknikler sayesinde elde edilen kartografik veriler coğrafi bölge ve bölüm düzeyinde yorumlanarak somutlama ve çözümlemelere gidilmiştir. Çalışma aynı zamanda Türkiye’de son 30 yıllık süreçte gerçekleşen sosyal ve ekonomik değişimlerin arazi kullanım türlerine olan etkisinin bir fotoğrafını da ortaya koymaktadır. İncelenen periyotlarda tarım ve orman alanlarında alansal bir stabilite olsa da yapılan eğilim analizleri sonucunda tarım alanlarında şiddeti azalma, orman alanlarında anlamlı azalma, mera ve çayır alanlarında şiddetli azalma, su yüzey alanlarında artma ve yapay alanlarda şiddetli artma eğiliminin olduğu saptanmıştır. Türkiye’de arazi kullanım değişimi Türkiye’nin coğrafi bölgelerine göre farklılıklar göstermektedir.
Reidemeister torsion of link complements in a 3-torus
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Vuong Bao
Published: October 2024

We prove that the Reidemeister torsion and the twisted Alexander polynomial of the complement of a link in a three-dimensional torus are the same.
Multi-groups
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Kozlovskaya Tatyana A.
Published: October 2024

In the present paper we define homogeneous algebraic systems. Particular cases of these systems are semigroup (monoid, group) systems. These algebraic systems were studied by J. Loday, A. Zhuchok, T. Pirashvili, and N. Koreshkov. Quandle systems were introduced and studied by V. Bardakov, D. Fedoseev, and V. Turaev. We construct some group systems on the set of square matrices over a field k. Also, we define rack systems on the set V x G , where V is a vector space of dimension n over k and G is a subgroup of GLn(k). Finally, we find the connection between skew braces and dimonoids.
Numerical modeling of sedimentation of solid particles in a submerged combustion apparatus
Authors:   Perm State National Research University, Demin Vitaliy A. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Kostyrya Aleksey V. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the regularities of solid-phase sedimentation within a laboratory submerged combustion apparatus are considered. The study is conducted using the methods of computational fluid dynamics. A gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow is simulated. The gas-liquid and liquid-solid interactions are modeled using the Euler-Euler and Euler-Lagrange approaches, respectively. The thermal regime is considered without the vapor phase. The finite volume method is used to solve this problem. As a result, the trajectories of the solid particles are obtained and their correlation with the streamlines of the fluid is analyzed. The proportion of particles that settled down during the experiment is obtained for different numbers of particles. The conclusion is made on the nonlinear growth of the proportion of settled particles and their percentage on the right side. The velocity of the upward fluid flow is found to be higher than the deposition velocity for the entire considered range of solid particle diameters. It is concluded that the organized solid-phase withdrawal from the apparatus can be provided if the solid phase is extracted near the area of solid particle nucleation.
Prospective teachers’ perception of critical and reflective thinking skills on modern physics: Rasch Analysis
Authors: Juandi Tarpin , Kaniawati Ida , Samsudin Achmad , Riza Lala
Published: October 2024

Related research on critical and reflective thinking skills has been interesting and conducted by many researchers, but they are still carried out separately. This study aims to determine the perception of prospective teachers towards critical and reflective thinking skills in modern physics lectures. This research includes quantitative research using the cross-sectional survey method. Ninety-seven prospective teachers participated in the study, with details of 15 men and 82 women with an age range of 19-21 years. Questionnaire critical and reflective thinking skills are used as instruments for collecting data. Each of them is a 20-item critical thinking skills questionnaire and 24 items of reflective thinking skills questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using winsteps software version 4.6.1. which includes descriptive, individual conformity, gender, and bubble chart. The results of detailed data analysis show that for critical thinking skills, 17% of prospective teachers perceive low, 68% of prospective teachers perceive moderate, and 15% of prospective teachers perceive high. As for reflective thinking ability, 11% of prospective teachers perceive low, 78% of prospective teachers perceive moderate, and 11% of prospective teachers perceive high. However, there are many misfit persons, 66% for critical thinking skills and 67% for reflective thinking skills. This means prospective teachers do not have strong perception beliefs in both thinking skills. Therefore, it needs to be strengthened through treatment, training, or workshops to further train both skills.
Crystallisation of MERS-CoV Mpro v1
Authors: not provided blake.h.balcomb , Marples Peter , Koekemoer Lizbé , Fearon Daren , Tomlinson Charlie
Published: October 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to identify novel therapeutic interventions and strategies for pandemic preparedness. Other than Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there are several human coronaviruses that are of pandemic concern, these include SARS-CoV and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV). MERS-CoV is a zoonotic virus that was first discovered in 2012. The disease has spread rapidly with large outbreaks as recent as 2015 and 2018. Currently there is no therapeutic intervention for MERS-CoV with 35% of reported cases resulting in human death. Like-wise to SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV produces a main protease (Mpro) which is essential for viral replication and therefore an attractive target to inhibit the virus.
High-throughput Smart-seq3 v1
Authors: Sun Kai-Hui , Chuang Hsiu-Chun
Published: October 2024

We built upon the Smart-seq3 protocol to develop the high-throughput Smart-seq3 (HT Smart-seq3) workflow, an automated workflow with a detailed and optimized protocol.
Crystallisation of Enterovirus D68 3C protease v1
Authors: Lithgo ryan , Marples Peter , Koekemoer Lizbé , Fearon Daren
Published: October 2024

The development of effective broad-spectrum antivirals forms an important part of preparing for future pandemics. A cause for concern is the currently emerging pathogen Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) which primarily spreads through respiratory routes causing mostly mild to severe respiratory illness but, in severe cases, acute flaccid myelitis. The 3C protease of EV-D68 is a potential target for the development of antiviral drugs due to its essential role in the viral life cycle and high sequence conservation. This protocol was used to grow D68 3C ProB crystals that were applied high-throughput crystallographic follow up compound screening on D68 3C.
Clinical case of a new method for the operative treatment of a reversible fracture of a Hill–Sachs
Authors: Tichonenkov Sergey N. , Lebedev Aleksandr Y. , Dubrovin Grigory M.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: The posterior dislocation of the humerus head occurs up to 4.5% of all cases of dislocated humerus. Low prevalence and difficulties in diagnosing this type of injury often lead to the formation of old shoulder dislocations. Old cases of back dislocation of the humerus head, especially with reversible bone defects, are accompanied by limitations of movement in the shoulder joint, expressed by pain syndrome. The presence of bone defects in the head of the humerus makes it necessary to replace the latter with bone or soft tissue structures, in surgical practice tendons of the subcutaneous and sub-carpal muscles are most often used. In old cases, scar post-traumatic rebirth is often impossible.
CLINICAL CASE DESCRIPTION: The article presents a new method of operative treatment of the old clutch, in the framework of which the use of a new method of operative treatment of the reversal fracture of Hill-Sachs with a long-term stuck back dislocation of the shoulder is considered. The main goal, which is the operative treatment of reversible osteochondral defect up to 25% of the area of the humerus head, due to the deficiency of bone mass of the shoulder head. By moving the corrugated tendon of the long head of the bicep to the impaction zone and fixing it with anchor clamps in the defect zone, resulting in the stabilization of the shoulder joint.
CONCLUSION: The outcome of this clinical case is restoration of the function of the shoulder joint and absence of clinical symptoms of instability in it in the late postoperative period. The use of the proposed method of operative treatment makes it possible to reduce the risks of developing postoperative restriction of movements in the joint, instability of the head of the humerus bone, especially in the long-term cases of dislocation of the head of the humerus.
Analysing the informative content of the upper jaw pathology visual examination
Authors: Idrisova A. M. , Magomedova Kh. M. , Shakhbanov A. K. , Ordashev Kh. A. , Shakhbanov S. A. , Gandylyan K. S. , Shakhbanov I. A. , Belousova O. N. , Sletov A. A.
Published: October 2024

Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of the informative content of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) and paranasal sinuses half-axial X-ray images in the upper jaw pathology diagnosis.
Materials and methods. 96 CBCT and MSCT scans of the upper jaw and the similar number of X-ray images of the same patients were analyzed.
Results. The analysis of a three-dimensional image and native slice reading in the Planmeca programme makes it possible to determine metric parameters, localization, prevalence of the pathological process and involvement of the upper jaw structures validly. Software features of the Radiant and OneDemand3D had error interval of р ≥ 0,2 mm while analyzing the same criteria. Half-axial X-ray examination demonstrated the lowest informative content.
Conclusion. The most informative method of visualization of the upper jaw connective tissue structures, pathological processes, their borders and mutual involvement is CBCT. This is predetermined by the interface functionalities.
To the issue of vagosympathetic balance assessment in patients with facial phlegmon
Authors: Boev I. A. , Yakovlev M. V.
Published: October 2024

Objective. To assess the influence of the autonomic nervous system tone on the activity of the inflammatory process in facial phlegmon.
Materials and methods. A group of patients with facial phlegmon (n = 74) was divided into two parts according to the predominant type of ANS. To identify the dominant type of ANS the method of A.M. Vayne was used. The content of leukocytes and their types was assessed in peripheral blood samples. The concentration of glucose, total protein, C-reactive protein was determined in the patients` blood serum. Statistical data processing was carried out using Student's t-test.
Results. Significant differences in laboratory parameters of patients with facial phlegmons with different types of the autonomic nervous system are demonstrated. In patients with prevailing sympathetic division, leukocytosis with a shift of the formula to the left was more pronounced. When the parasympathetic division dominated, a higher concentration of C-reactive protein was observed.
Conclusion. Assessment of the autonomic nervous system tone in case of facial phlegmons indicates its significant impact on the activity of the inflammatory process, which affects the duration of inpatient treatment.
A Study on The Impact of Uncertainty on Container Supply Process Using System Dynamics
Authors:   The Korean Logistics Research Association, Shin Tae-Young , Kwon Moon-Kyu , Jeong Yoon-Jea
Published: October 2024

This study identifies that the increasing occurrence of uncertainties due to persistent global issues has led to significant disruptions and delays in the maritime container supply process, resulting in substantial losses and bankruptcies for many logistics companies. Consequently, this research classifies the impact of uncertainties based on different global issues and groups them according to the process occurrence region for analysis. Furthermore, using system dynamics, a Casual Loop Diagram is presented to define the relationships between each process, and a Stock-Flow Diagram is used to develop a model for simulating the container supply process. Based on the established simulation scenarios, a simulation of the container supply process for large vessels is conducted, analyzing the impact on the container supply process based on grouped uncertainties, and identifying both positive and negative influences. The results of this study enable the determination of the impact of uncertainties caused by global issues on the maritime and land container supply processes. Additionally, it provides managerial insights for companies to adequately respond to global issues and suggests future development directions and measures to minimize the resulting damages.
Supramolecular Assembly of Granular Hydrogel Composites for Multi-Drug Delivery
Authors:   , Jones Olivia L. , Rodell Christopher B.
Published: October 2024

There is a pressing need for innovative drug delivery systems that enable ease of local delivery, controlled release profiles, and the ability to deliver multiple drugs simultaneously at different rates. Advances in this field could significantly enhance patient compliance with treatment regimens, limit the need for invasive device insertions, and localize treatments to improve efficacy while mitigating off-target side effects. To address these needs, this thesis aims to engineer a hydrogel-based drug delivery platform that leverages supramolecular guest-host chemistry for both hydrogel assembly and selective drug retention. The hydrogels are derived from methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA), which, upon exposure to UV light, form a solid hydrogel matrix. These polymers were additionally modified by either cyclodextrin (CD-MeHA) or adamantane (Ad-MeHA) to enable non-covalent interactions. A critical aspect of the project was the optimization of a mechanical fragmentation technique to convert bulk hydrogel material into microgels, suitable for the assembly of composite granular hydrogels for injectable delivery. Comprehensive characterization of the physical and mechanical properties of the resulting granular hydrogels was conducted using fluorescent and confocal imaging, along with extensive rheological assessment. Additionally, the release of model biomolecules (bovine serum albumin, BSA) or small molecules (fluoresceine, FITC) from the hydrogels was assessed over the course of four weeks. Tunability of the release profiles was dependent on their modification by supramolecular guests that enabled prolonged release. This work represents a significant step forward in the development of injectable, multi-drug delivery systems, offering promise for improved patient outcomes through enhanced treatment compliance and localized controlled therapeutic delivery.
Using cumulant analysis to recognize digital types of radio signal
Authors: Kurbanaliev V.K. , Fesenko M.V. , Gorbunov Yu.N.
Published: October 2024

Problem statement. Recognition of types of modulation of radio signals is an important task solved in radio engineering systems for various purposes. In radio monitoring tools, information about the type of modulation is used to identify unauthorized sources of radio emission and measure their parameters, in electronic warfare systems - when choosing a more effective type of interference, etc. The article substantiates the relevance of improving methods for recognizing digital types of modulation. It is shown that mixed cumulants of higher orders can be used as modulation features for recognizing types of modulation. Analytical expressions are given for calculating mixed cumulants up to the tenth order inclusive through the values of mixed moments and the value of mixed cumulants for radio signals with the most common types of digital modulation. Recommendations have been developed for the synthesis of algorithms for recognizing the type of modulation based on cumulant analysis. Goal. Obtain mathematical expressions for calculating mixed cumulants up to the tenth order inclusive and determine the values of mixed cumulants to recognize the most common digital types of modulation. Results. A general methodology has been developed for the synthesis of algorithms for recognizing the type of modulation based on cumulant analysis. Practical significance. Application of the developed approach in the design of radio-electronic systems makes it possible to obtain a high probability of correct recognition of digital types of modulation with a relatively low design complexity.
A method for synchronizing time scales of spaced electronic devices
Authors: Solodun K.D.
Published: October 2024

Currently, there is a conflict between the need for high efficiency by enhancing sensitivity and energy potential and ensuring electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) in space-based systems. The aim of this paper is to develop a method for software and algorithmic synchronization of space-based radioelectronic devices. The developed method allows for increasing the efficiency of systems composed of space-based REM by ensuring EMC between them. The developed method can be applied to construct radioelectronic systems composed of spaced REM.
Serial analog QAM modems based on complex band-pass filters with LF Bessel prototypes
Authors: Grebenko Y.A. , Polyak R.I. , Paing Yan Lin
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the development and implementation of algorithms for quadrature amplitude modulation and demodulation based on analog complex band pass filters with low-frequency Bessel prototypes. The use of complex Bessel filters makes it possible to obtain orthogonal carrier signals close in shape to symmetric signals with practically non-overlapping spectra. Overview of the development and implementation of a serial QAM modem based on analog complex band-pass Bessel filters. The procedure for obtaining the expression for the impulse response of analog complex band-pass Bessel filters is considered. With the help of circuit simulation, the frequency response and impulse response of such a filter are determined. The choice of the center frequency is carried out by setting two coefficients. A block diagram of a serial data transmission system with quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) based on analog complex band-pass Bessel filters is proposed. The results of its circuit simulation in the Micro-Cap environment are presented.
Iterative interference cancel in a channel and estimation of its parameters for the OFDM-systems
Authors: Bagaev I.S. , L’vov A.A. , Meshchanov V.P. , Sayapin K.A. , Svetlov M.A. , Khoroshenin A.D.
Published: October 2024

In mobile reception, the reliability of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is limited due to time-varying channel characteristics. This causes inter-channel interference (ICI) and increases the errors in tracking data transmitted over the channel. In this work, ICIs are simulated based on the study of the amplitudes’ derivatives of the signals in the channel. This made it possible to design a relatively simple receiver circuit that iteratively canceles the ICI. The structure of the proposed device noise reduction is aimed at ensuring maximum signal/(noise+ICI) at the input of the detector. A new method for estimating channel parameters is also proposed and it is shown that it provides reliable mobile reception in important practical situations that occur during the organization of terrestrial digital broadcasting DVB-T2. A large number of model experiments for a receiver with one or two antennas show that a small number of successive iterations of ICI suppression and proposed channel parameter estimation provide reliable reception at vehicle speeds above 100 km/h.
Precision photodetector for information and measurement systems and diagnostic tools for medical purposes
Authors: Chernov E.I.
Published: October 2024

The development of a new generation of diagnostic tools and medical information systems requires the use of the latest advances in the field of primary converters of physical quantities. These include photodetector devices (PDDs) made on the basis of photodiodes. The direction of this research is the identification and analysis of FPU structures that have increased accuracy in recording light fluxes. Identification of the structure of the PDA, in which errors are eliminated due to temperature and time drifts of input currents and bias voltages of the operational amplifiers included in the PDA. The structure of the original FPU, which provides increased accuracy of registration of light fluxes, is presented and analyzed. It is advisable to use the presented FPU in the development of medical diagnostic devices and information-measuring systems. A special place in their use is occupied by various kinds of optical analyzers for medical purposes, for example, a tooth color analyzer, systems for studying microcirculation of the blood flow, magnetotherapy units that use optical methods for recording the patient’s breathing process, etc. FPU will be of interest to scientists and engineers involved in the development of medical diagnostic equipment and information measurement systems.
Formation of flight zones of UAV according to the degree of stability in order to increase the reliability of the command radio control line in the conditions of the use of air defense and electronic suppression
Authors: Ivanov M.S.
Published: October 2024

The combat use of small and medium-class unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in recent local military conflicts, as well as the experience of using UAVs in the operation of the Russian Aerospace Forces in Syria and Ukraine, has shown that they are mainly assigned the tasks of aerial reconnaissance in those areas of the theater of operations (Theater of Operations) where The use of manned aircraft is unjustified or impractical due to the high probability of damage to manned aircraft. The main threats to UAVs in modern theater are the possibility of hitting them with anti-aircraft missile systems (SAMs) of air defense (air defense), as well as the suppression of the command radio control line (CRU) of the UAV by means of electronic suppression (RAP) of the enemy. The purpose of the work is to develop theoretical solutions aimed at the formalized formation of air defense and RAP zones in the theater based on clustering theory methods for subsequent consideration of these zones in the automated formation of UAV flight routes. The paper proposes a methodology for the formalized formation of air defense and RAP zones based on the methods of clustering theory. In the future, the air defense and RAP zones are taken into account in the automated route control of the UAV by forming the flight route of the UAV bypassing these zones. The novelty of this solution, which distinguishes it from well–known works in the field of formation of UAV flight routes, is the consideration of two types of destabilizing factors as obstacles to UAV flight - the impact of air defense and REP means. These factors are formalized in the form of an integral metric of nodes in the graph of the geotopological model of the theater flight zone. At the same time, the Lance-Williams mathematical algorithm of hierarchical clustering is used to form «closed for flights» zones in which the probability of UAV damage is high, and areas of control violation due to the impact of RAP means. The connectivity check of the route network is based on the method of determining the strongly connected areas of the graph. The resulting solution makes it possible to increase the stability of UAV control during their combat use in theater equipped with air defense and RAP systems.
System analysis and optimization of antennas of radio electronic systems
Authors: Gabrielyan D.D. , Demchenko V.I. , Zadorozhnyy V.V. , Zanin K.M. , Kasyanov A.O. , Kosogor A.A. , Mishchenko S.E.
Published: October 2024

The methodological foundations are formulated and the problems of system substantiation of antenna requirements based on the objective characteristics of radio electronic systems (RES) are considered. The contradictions of the indicator parameters of the objective characteristics of the RES in the formation of requirements for antennas are noted. For space-based airborne radar complexes, radar systems for measuring navigation parameters, and communication systems of repeater satellites servicing areas with a complex boundary shape, analytical relations have been obtained linking the characteristics and parameters of antennas with the objective characteristics of the RES. For the considered types of RES, the main directions for optimizing the characteristics and parameters of antennas are shown.
An algorithm for determining the geometric parameters of the aperture of an on-board deployable antenna system in an orbital flight
Authors: Zanin K.M. , Kuznetsov Y.V. , Mihailov N.A. , Fedorov D.S. , Shlaferov A.L.
Published: October 2024

Earth remote sensing complexes placed on light-class spacecraft may have a radiating aperture size of the antenna system exceeding the specified dimensional limits, therefore such antenna system are placed on a multi-section frame. Their design feature is the ability to unfold in space after being put into orbit, which makes it possible to significantly increase the size of the aperture and, as a result, improve the quality of scientific and target remote sensing information. During deployment and in the conditions of orbital flight, under the influence of destabilizing factors of outer space, a distortion of the distribution of amplitudes and phases at the antenna aperture can be observed, which is caused, among other things, by a distortion of geometric parameters caused by a change in the position of the sections of the speaker relative to each other within the tolerances of the aperture installation. In this regard, it is an urgent task to determine the geometric parameters of the aperture of the speaker according to ground measurements, which can be compensated by adjusting the weight coefficients in a multi-channel speaker or by mechanically rotating the sections, depending on the available capabilities. Reducing the influence of destabilizing factors of the deployment of a multi-section radiating aperture on the directional pattern of the antenna system in orbital flight conditions. An algorithm is proposed for determining the geometric parameters of the deployment of the deployed antenna system in the conditions of orbital flight, which allows calculating the angles of the mutual position of the sections based on ground measurements. The main advantage of the developed algorithm is that it does not require measurements of directional patterns at the gain scale or measurement of complex readings of the directional pattern, which require high-precision certified stands. To successfully correct the parameters of the on-board antenna, it is enough to have the results of amplitude measurements. The application of the developed algorithm will make it possible to effectively use the energy potential of space-based on-board radio engineering complexes using large-sized deployable antenna arrays as antenna systems by determining and compensating for the influence of distortions in the geometric parameters of the aperture.
Antenna-waveguide devices with a single horn for satellite communication antenna systems
Authors: Demchenko V.I. , Boychuk S.I. , Zhukov A.O. , Korovkin A.E.
Published: October 2024

A technical and recommendations for their use in the development and practical implementation of devices as part of antenna-waveguide paths with a single horn are presented to increase efficiency in monitoring MPA satellite communication systems. The practical implementation of multi-band AVP for MPA is shown. Technical solutions for the construction of multi-band AVP for MPA satellite communication systems and remote sensing complexes, which differ from the known ones by the possibility of expanding the functionality of the AVT. Implementation of the monopulse auto-tracking mode using the H21 mode in dual-band auto-tracking machines using signals of specified polarizations in the required frequency ranges. When receiving signals of orthogonal linear and circular polarizations, the number of combined ranges increases to four.
Methodology for evaluating the quality of a digital channel of a satellite communication system based on an integral indicator and a fuzzy logical conclusion
Authors: Eliseev A.V. , Istomina I.A. , Rubailo D.E.
Published: October 2024

The problem of evaluating the quality of digital channels of satellite communication systems (DCSCS) is considered. It is shown that two quality assessment strategies are used in practice: the first is an assessment of quality from the position of consumers of services and specialists in the provision of communication services in the market; the second is an assessment of quality from the position of specialists in technical operation. It is concluded that the first strategy does not allow to identify the degradation of DCSCS quality. It is suggested that it is advisable to use the second strategy. A reasonable choice of particular quality indicators was made: error probability, jitter and phase drift, slippage, signal transmission delay, reliability, relative transmission rate, energy reserve, error vector modulus. A quality assessment criterion is proposed that forms three possible outcomes: satisfactory quality, marginal quality, and unsatisfactory quality. A single integral indicator is proposed, formed on the basis of particular quality indicators and fuzzy logical inference. The structure of a fuzzy expert quality assessment system is considered. An illustrative example is given.
Adaptive digital antenna array signal processing algorithm based on LDL decomposition
Authors: Denisenko V.G. , Mishchenko S.E.
Published: October 2024

Two algorithms for inverting correlation matrices of digital antenna array signals are compared: LDL decomposition and the fringing method. The idea of comparing algorithms was to take into account the limitations on the length of the input data mantissa in the process of space-time processing using FPGAs. It has been found that rounding errors in the signal processing process in FPGAs can lead to the destruction of the directivity pattern. This is due to the fact that when implementing various algorithms for matrix inversion, the distribution of errors in the channels becomes interconnected. This means that when implementing adaptive antenna arrays on FPGAs, it is necessary to carefully choose the length of the mantissa and the conversion algorithm. In this regard, an algorithm for signal processing in an adaptive antenna array is proposed, its difference from the known ones is that when implemented on FPGAs, floating-point arithmetic of limited mantissa bit is used. When comparing two computationally efficient matrix inversion algorithms (the LDL method and the fringing method), the LDL method has higher stability. It was found that with an increase in the rank of the correlation matrix, the effect of rounding errors will be stronger. In this regard, it is necessary to determine in advance at what ratio of power sources and internal noise it is planned to use an adaptive processor.