bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting miRNA and using miRNA as potential therapeutic options to bypass resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Vahabi Mahrou , Dehni Bilal , Antomás Inés , Giovannetti Elisa , Peters Godefridus J.
Published: July 2023

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive disease with poor prognosis due to early metastasis, low diagnostic rates at early stages, and resistance to current therapeutic regimens. Despite numerous studies and clinical trials, the mortality rate for PDAC has shown limited improvement. Therefore, there is a pressing need to attain. a more comprehensive molecular characterization to identify biomarkers enabling early detection and evaluation of treatment response. MicroRNA (miRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression on the post-transcriptional level, and seem particularly interesting as biomarkers due to their relative stability, and the ability to detect them in fixed tissue specimens and biofluids. Deregulation of miRNAs is common and affects several hallmarks of cancer and contribute to the oncogenesis and metastasis of PDAC. Unique combinations of upregulated oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs) and downregulated tumor suppressor miRNAs (TsmiRs), promote metastasis, characterize the tumor and interfere with chemosensitivity of PDAC cells. Here, we review several oncomiRs and TsmiRs involved in chemoresistance to gemcitabine and FOLFIRINOX in PDAC and highlighted successful/effective miRNA-based therapy approaches in vivo. Integrating miRNAs in PDAC treatment represents a promising therapeutic avenue that can be used as guidance for personalized medicine for PDAC patients.
An investigation on space debris of unknown origin using proper elements and neural networks
Authors: Wu Di , Rosengren Aaron J.
Published: July 2023

Proper elements represent a dynamical fingerprint of an object’s inherent state and have been used by small-body taxonomists in characterizing asteroid families. Being linked to the underlying dynamical structure of orbits, Celletti, Pucacco, and Vartolomei have recently adopted these innate orbital parameters for the association of debris from breakup or collision into its parent satellite. Building from this rich astronomical heritage and recent foundations, we introduce an unsupervised learning method—density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN)—to determine clusters of orbital debris in the space of proper elements. Data is taken from the space-object catalog of trackable Earth-orbiting objects in the form of two-line element sets. Proper elements for debris fragments in low-Earth orbit are computed using an ad hoc numerical scheme, akin to the state-of-the-art Fourier-series-based synthetic method for the asteroid domain. Given the heuristic nature of classical DBSCAN, we investigate the use of neural networks, trained on known families, to augment DBSCAN into a classification problem and apply it to analyst objects of unknown origin.
Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale: A 25-Year Systematic Review
Authors: Galán-Luque Teresa , Serrano-Ortiz Marina , Orgilés Mireia
Published: July 2023

The Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS) is one of the most used instruments to assess anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents. Extensive research has been conducted to examine its psychometric properties and to develop other versions of the scale. The objective of this study was to examine the psychometric properties and factorial structure of the SCAS across different versions and populations. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered. APA PsycINFO, Web of Science (Core Collection) and MEDLINE (PubMed) were searched. Fifty-two studies were included in this systematic review. They examined the factor structure, convergent and divergent validity, and internal consistency of the scale. The most supported model was the original six-factor model, followed by the higher order six-factor model for the long version of the SCAS. Studies provided evidence of convergent validity and internal consistency. It is concluded that the SCAS is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents, with a six-factor model structure well supported in most populations. Further research on the psychometric properties and factor structure of other versions of the scale and its application to clinical populations is warranted.
Outcome Expectations in Psychotherapy: Validation of the Therapy Single Category Implicit Association Test (Therapy SC-IAT)
Authors: Seewald Anna , Teige-Mocigemba Sarah , Rief Winfried
Published: July 2023

Background

Former studies demonstrated that negative outcome expectations (OE) toward psychotherapy predict unfavorable psychotherapy outcomes. Critically, the measurement of OE is limited to direct measures that could be subject to self-presentational distortions. This study aimed to validate an online single category implicit association test (SC-IAT) to measure OE toward psychotherapy indirectly.

Methods

We conducted three direct measures of OE, the Therapy SC-IAT, and a (control) Flower SC-IAT in a large sample (N = 705).

Results

The Therapy SC-IAT correlated with most direct measures of OE (convergent validity) but not with measures of flower associations (discriminant validity). In exploratory analyses, we found that direct and indirect measurements of OE were related to prior experiences with psychotherapy.

Conclusion

We discuss ways to improve the indirect-direct correlations and suggest that our newly developed indirect measure could complement the assessment of expectations in research and clinical practice.
The implication of ciliary signaling pathways for epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Zhong Bang-Hua , Dong Ming
Published: July 2023

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which plays an essential role in development, tissue repair and fibrosis, and cancer progression, is a reversible cellular program that converts epithelial cells to mesenchymal cell states characterized by motility-invasive properties. The mostly signaling pathways that initiated and controlled the EMT program are regulated by a solitary, non-motile organelle named primary cilium. Acting as a signaling nexus, primary cilium dynamically concentrates signaling molecules to respond to extracellular cues. Recent research has provided direct evidence of connection between EMT and primary ciliogenesis in multiple contexts, but the mechanistic understanding of this relationship is complicated and still undergoing. In this review, we describe the current knowledge about the ciliary signaling pathways involved in EMT and list the direct evidence that shows the link between them, trying to figure out the intricate relationship between EMT and primary ciliogenesis, which may aid the future development of primary cilium as a novel therapeutic approach targeted to EMT.
Involvement of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the neuroprotective mechanisms of ferulic acid against depressive-like behaviour
Authors: Mallik Sanchari Basu , Mudgal Jayesh , Kinra Manas , Hall Susan , Grant Gary D. , Anoopkumar-Dukie Shailendra , Nampoothiri Madhavan , Zhang Yuqing , Arora Devinder
Published: July 2023

Objective: Ferulic acid (FA) is a common food ingredient that is abundantly present in various routinely consumed food and beverages. Like many cinnamic acid derivatives, FA produces wide-ranging effects in a dose-dependent manner and various studies link FA consumption with reduced risk of depressive disorders. The aim of this study was to exploit the neuroprotective mechanisms of FA including indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and other pro-inflammatory cytokines by employing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive-like behaviour model. Methods: C57BL/6J male mice were divided into 4 groups consisting of saline (SAL), LPS, FA and Imipramine (IMI). Animals were pretreated orally with FA (10 mg/kg) and IMI (10 mg/kg) for 21 days once daily and all groups except SAL were challenged with LPS (0.83 mg/kg) intraperitoneally on day 21. Results: LPS administration produced a biphasic change in the behaviour of the animals where the animals lost a significant weight and express high immobility time at 24 h. Proinflammatory cytokines including, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ were significantly increased along with increased lipid peroxidation and reduced BDNF. Furthermore, the increased kynurenine to tryptophan ratio was indicative of elevated IDO activity. Conclusion: The results of this study emphasise that low dose of FA is effective in attenuating depressive-like behaviour by modulating IDO, BDNF and reducing neuroinflammation.
Envisioning the future of virtual production in filmmaking: A remote co-design study
Authors: Bodini Aimone , Manohar Arthi , Colecchia Federico , Harrison David , Garaj Vanja
Published: July 2023

Virtual Production is a new process in the audiovisual industry, taking advantage of emerging technologies and attracting a significant degree of interest in academic and industrial research. This article documents a research process focusing on co-design of innovative solutions for Virtual Production relying on immersive technologies. Two remote collaborative workshops were organized involving audiovisual professionals covering different roles in different phases of the making process of audiovisual production. A range of innovative design concepts was generated as part of the research following group-based iterative discussion and evaluation. The study has contributed a set of innovative design solutions in relation to applications of immersive technologies in the audiovisual industry. The authors argue that the methods adopted have the potential to serve as a blueprint for design and implementation of future remote collaborative co-design processes in relation to audiovisual studies and, more generally, across disciplinary boundaries.
Mathematics Skills in Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Poole Belinda J. , Phillips Natalie L. , Killer Brittany L. , Gilmore Camilla , Lah Suncica
Published: July 2023

Mathematics incorporates a broad range of skills, which includes basic early numeracy skills, such as subitizing and basic counting to more advanced secondary skills including mathematics calculation and reasoning. The aim of this review was to undertake a detailed investigation of the severity and pattern of early numeracy and secondary mathematics skills in people with epilepsy. Searches were guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Twenty adult studies and 67 child studies were included in this review. Overall, meta-analyses revealed significant moderate impairments across all mathematics outcomes in both adults (g= -0.676), and children (g= -0.593) with epilepsy. Deficits were also observed for specific mathematics outcomes. For adults, impairments were found for mathematics reasoning (g= -0.736). However, two studies found that mathematics calculation was not significantly impaired, and an insufficient number of studies examined early numeracy skills in adults. In children with epilepsy, significant impairments were observed for each mathematics outcome: early numeracy (g= -0.383), calculation (g= -0.762), and reasoning (g= -0.572). The gravity of impairments also differed according to the site of seizure focus for children and adults, suggesting that mathematics outcomes were differentially vulnerable to the location of seizure focus.
Benevolent and Hostile Sexism in Endorsement of Heterosexist Marriage Traditions Among Adolescents and Adults
Authors: Brett Rose , Hopkins-Doyle Aife , Robnett Rachael , Watson Nila , Tenenbaum Harriet R.
Published: July 2023

Within most western countries, gendered proposal, surname, and wedding traditions remain widely endorsed. A previous study indicated that endorsement of proposal and surname traditions is associated with higher levels of benevolent sexism (BS) in university students in the USA. Three studies (N = 367) extended research to adolescents (dating age) and 30-year-olds (typical first-time marriage age). For the first time, these studies examined gendered wedding traditions (e.g., father walking a bride down the aisle). Different combinations of ambivalent sexism predicted participants’ opinions about surname change after marriage and the choice of children’s surnames. In younger adolescents (11–18 years; 56 boys, 88 girls, 68.1% White), hostile sexism (HS) predicted endorsement of surname change, whereas benevolent sexism predicted endorsement in 16- to 18-year-olds (58 boys, 84 girls, 76.8% White) and 30-year-olds (37 men, 44 women, 74.1% White). In adolescent samples, both BS and HS predicted endorsement of patronymic traditions for children, whereas only BS did in the adult sample. The findings suggest that different types of sexism predict traditional beliefs in specific age groups.
Influence of Local Electropolishing Conditions on Ferritic–Pearlitic Steel on X-Ray Diffraction Residual Stress Profiling
Authors: Holmberg Jonas , Berglund Johan , Stormvinter Albin , Andersson Pär , Lundin Per
Published: July 2023

Layer removal with electropolishing is a well-established method when measuring residual stress profiles with lab-XRD. This is done to measure the depth impact from processes such as shot peening, heat treatment, or machining. Electropolishing is used to minimize the influence on the inherent residual stresses of the material during layer removal, performed successively in incremental steps to specific depths followed by measurement. Great control of the material removal is critical for the measured stresses at each depth. Therefore, the selection of size of the measurement spot and electropolishing parameters is essential. The main objective in this work is to investigate how different electrolytes and electropolishing equipment affect the resulting surface roughness, geometry, microstructure, and consequently the measured residual stress. A second objective has been to establish a methodology of assessing the acquired electropolished depth. The aim has been to get a better understanding of the influence of the layer removal method on the accuracy of the acquired depth. Evaluation has been done by electropolishing one ground and one shot peened sample of a low-alloy carbon steel, grade 1.1730, with different methods. The results showed a difference in stresses depending on the electrolyte used where the perchloric acid had better ability to retain the stresses compared to the saturated salt. Electropolishing with saturated salt is fast and results in evenly distributed material removal but has high surface roughness, which is due to a difference in electropolishing of the two phases, ferrite, and pearlite. Perchloric acid electropolishing is slower but generates a smooth surface as both ferrite and pearlite have the same material removal rates but may cause an increased material removal for the center of the electropolished area. In this work, it is suggested to use perchloric acid electropolishing for the final layer removal step.
Poliklinische plicatieplastiek bij kromstand van de penis
Authors: Ćosović Admira , Essink Judith G. J. , Beets-van Essen W. K. Miranda , Santerse A. Boudewijn
Published: July 2023

Samenvatting

Een kromstand van de penis, de ziekte van Peyronie, kan leiden tot seksuele problemen en dyspareunie bij de partner, maar ook tot een verminderd zelfbeeld en onzekerheid. Behandeling is geïndiceerd als coïtus moeilijk of pijnlijk is. De meest succesvolle behandeling om de stand te corrigeren is chirurgisch. De klassieke operatie omvat circumcisie en deglovement en vindt plaats op de operatiekamer. Wij ontwikkelden een minimaal invasieve voorhuidsparende plicatieplastiek die poliklinisch onder lokale anesthesie wordt uitgevoerd en evalueerden de resultaten van de 21 plicatieplastieken die werden uitgevoerd tussen oktober 2019 en december 2021. Uit de resultaten blijkt dat deze plastiek veilig, succesvol en patiëntvriendelijk onder lokaalanesthesie kan worden uitgevoerd. De tevredenheid van de patiënten over de ingreep is groot en het functionele resultaat van de ingreep is goed. Met onze plastiek kunnen kosten en kostbare operatietijd worden bespaard.
Pairing Sturgeon with Champagne: Towards a Due Cause Exception in the Law of Geographical Indications
Authors: Dijkman Léon
Published: July 2023

It is commonly lamented that geographical indications (GIs) receive extravagant protection under European Union (EU) law. Yet due to the special nature of GIs it can be hard to conceptualize sensible limitations to protection and so far the question where such limits (if any) should lie has received little attention in scholarship. This article advances the argument for a “due cause exception” in the law of GIs. It examines two categories of use that may legitimately benefit from such an exception: descriptive uses and uses that fall within the scope of freedom of expression provisions, for instance use of GIs as part of artistic works or parodies. The article argues that these and other uses should be evaluated according to a two-pronged test to establish whether they are objectively justified and in accordance with honest practices. Lastly, it argues that even if no express due cause exception is or becomes part of the applicable GI regulations, guidance by the Court of Justice of the European Union on the interpretation of EU law in light of EU primary law mandates observance of countervailing fundamental rights also within the contours of the current regulations. Because the categories of use outlined in this article fall within the scope of the freedom to conduct a business and the freedom of expression and the arts, at least some allowance must be made for these uses when interpreting and applying the protection due to GIs.
Security Energy Efficiency Analysis of CR-NOMA Enabled IoT Systems for Edge-cloud Environment
Authors: She Rui , Sun Mengyu
Published: July 2023

With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), more and more devices are connected in edge-cloud environment, and spectrum scarcity has become a major bottleneck for the employment of IoT devices in the end side of cloud computing. In addition, due to the broadcast nature of RF link, the potential eavesdropper may be presented in the wireless environment. To improve spectrum efficiency (SE) and ensure safe transmission of the users, in this paper, the two-way relay cooperative Cognitive Radio Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (CR-NOMA) with massive multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO) is proposed. Our objective is to maximize the security energy efficiency (SEE) of the cognitive system subject to the quality of service (QoS) of users. Specifically, the multi-objective optimization problem is decomposed into three subproblems, i.e., the optimization of transmit power, power allocation, and antenna selection, respectively. The Lagrange dual algorithm based on the first-order Taylor series expansion function is proposed to solve the non-convex problem. Moreover, a novel orthogonal antenna selection algorithm is proposed to decrease the cost of radio frequency chains and limit the interference to the primary user. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme has significant performance gain on SEE. It can effectively increase the number of access for cloud computing edge IoT users. In addition, due to the impact of correlation between the antennas, as the number of relay antennas increases, the SEE converges to a specific value, which exists the optimal number of antenna.
Recurrent Benign Lymphocytic Meningitis Due to HSV-2: A Case Report
Authors: Ahmad Sirine , Alsaeed Mohammed
Published: July 2023

Recurrent benign lymphocytic meningitis (RBLM) is an uncommon form of aseptic meningitis characterized by the recurrence of meningeal symptoms followed by spontaneous recovery. Historically, RBLM has been attributed to herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 infection. Diagnosis is traditionally confirmed by PCR of viral DNA isolated from the CSF. Although the disease course is usually benign, antiviral therapy may benefit some patients. Here, we report the case of a young woman diagnosed with four episodes of aseptic meningitis within 10 years. The presence of HSV type 2 in the CSF was confirmed using PCR in three of the episodes. After the resolution of acute attacks, the patient was symptom-free with no neurological sequelae.
‘Do Not Stand at My Grave and Weep’: Uxorial Consolation in Ovid's Tristia
Authors: Gleeson Tegan Joy
Published: July 2023

In the poetic epistles addressed to his unnamed wife, Ovid makes a number of recognisably consolatory exhortations that poignantly reframe her perception of grief. By depicting exile as a form of living death and his departure from Rome in Tristia 1.3 as a funeral, Ovid is able to cast his wife in the role of a mourning widow whom he consoles from his exilic grave. The moment of their separation becomes a traumatic event that gives the wife the emotional endurance to handle any future adversity. Such appeals to earlier resilience, frequently found in consolation, are employed in Tristia 3.3 and 5.11. In these poems, Ovid also draws upon the consolatory argument that death is not a malum and reframes this same notion about exile to assert his status as a relegatus to his wife and a broader audience. This paper connects Ovid's use of these ideas with the broader tradition of Graeco-Roman consolation, expanding our understanding of the genre and the Tristia's place therein.
National Orphans and a Nation's Trauma: Experience, Emotions, and the Children of the 1916 Easter Rising Martyrs
Authors: Nic Dháibhéid Caoimhe
Published: July 2023

This article begins the work of recovering and understanding children's unique experiences during the Irish Revolution by exploring the history of a diverse group of children and young people bound together by their fathers’ politics during and after the 1916 Easter Rising. In tracing the children of the executed and martyred rebel leaders of the Easter Rising, I seek to challenge and extend the way trauma has been conceptualized and applied by historians of Ireland's revolution, instead arguing that the methodologies of the history of emotions and experience offer more fruitful terrain to explore. In this way, trauma is not an essentializing state of being but instead is navigated, renegotiated, and resurfaced throughout one's life, frequently into old age. Leaning into the inherent uncertainty that writing about children's emotional experiences entails, I read into, across, and against fragmentary and diverse sources to recover the stories of these children who were plunged into national prominence by their fathers’ executions. I also acknowledge my own emotional response to these children's stories and seek to explore the methodological value of this affect in the archive for historians of the Irish Revolution.
The competence of street food vendors to provide nutritious and safe food to consumers: a cross-sectional survey among street food vendors in Northern Ghana
Authors: Yakubu Mubaric , Gaa Patience Kanyiri , Kalog Gabriel Libienuo Sowley , Mogre Victor
Published: July 2023

Increasingly most people have their meals outside their homes and are vulnerable to illnesses caused by unsafe foods. Unsafe food preparation and supply by vendors have made food safety a concern for public health. The present study evaluated the nutrition knowledge, attitude and food safety and hygienic practices of street food vendors (SFVs) in Northern Ghana. An analytical cross-sectional study design was conducted among 424 SFVs, and the data were collected using questionnaires and observation. The mean ± sd nutrition knowledge score of the SFVs was 7⋅08 ± 1⋅75 in which the majority of the participants (68⋅6 %) knew foods that help fight diseases and build immunity. The mean ± sd food safety and hygienic practice score was 7⋅61 ± 2⋅66 with more than half of the participants reportedly not using hand gloves while preparing and serving food. Factors that were associated with food safety and hygienic practices of the SFVs were level of education (β = −0⋅36, P < 0⋅001), number of hours worked (β = 0⋅15, P = 0⋅002), food hygiene and safety knowledge (β = 0⋅21, P = 0⋅002), having a business certificate (β = −0⋅15, P = 0⋅004) and having medical check-up (β = 0⋅11, P = 0⋅029). The food safety and hygienic practices of the SFVs may constitute a food safety risk to consumers. Improving food safety and hygiene knowledge may be important but regular monitoring and check-up by the FDA could result in SFVs following the required food safety and hygienic practices.
Response to My Readers
Authors: Canaday Margot
Published: July 2023

It is truly a pleasure and an honor to have my work read by five such esteemed colleagues, and I want to begin by thanking all of them for the thoughtfulness and care of their essays, and also to express my gratitude to Darren Dochuk for organizing this exchange. After working in (pandemic-exacerbated) isolation for so long, it is fascinating for me to see the book through others’ eyes, to appreciate what has resonated, and to grapple with questions and qualms as well.
Tournaments and the Integration of the Nobility in the Habsburg Composite State
Authors: Damen Mario
Published: July 2023

This article examines the chivalric encounters organized on the occasion of the Joyous Entry of Prince Philip in the Low Countries in 1549–50. It poses the question as to how they functioned as a performative tool to enhance cohesion among the nobles of the Habsburg composite state. The tournaments served as a regulated outlet for noble violence, controlled by the prince and his closest collaborators. In this way, they both created and cemented the bonds of knightly brotherhood within the entourage of the household, while at the same time reaching out to others who did not (yet) belong to the new prince's circle.
Letters to the Editor: Friendship and Self-Fashioning in a Fifteenth-Century Humanist Epistolary Collection
Authors: McCahill Elizabeth M.
Published: July 2023

This article explores Poggio Bracciolini's letters to Niccolò Niccoli from a variety of perspectives: it looks at what imitation meant for Poggio, examines the letters’ commentary on the manuscript culture of the early Quattrocento, discusses Poggio's efforts to craft a personal voice, and traces the interplay of optimism and pessimism in the letters, an interplay common to humanist texts of this period. By bringing together these different perspectives, the article articulates the range of ways in which one scholar used his epistolary collection to shape his own persona, connect himself to Ciceronian precedents, and create norms and expectations for a developing intellectual community.
TOPPLING THE STATUES OF FAVORINUS AND DEMETRIUS OF PHALERUM
Authors: Searby Denis M.
Published: July 2023

The Corinthian Speech (Corinthiaca) in the corpus of Dio Chrysostom (Or. 31) is attributed to Favorinus (c.80–160) based on internal criteria of content and style. This article argues that a reference to an author of a Corinthian speech found in a collection of sayings in codex Vaticanus Graecus 1144 is a unique external reference to Favorinus as author of this speech.
Quasilinear theory of Brillouin resonances in rotating magnetized plasmas
Authors: Rax J.-M. , Gueroult R. , Fisch N.J.
Published: July 2023

Both spin and orbital angular momentum can be exchanged between a rotating wave and a rotating magnetized plasma. Through resonances the spin and orbital angular momentum of the wave can be coupled to both the cyclotron rotation and the drift rotation of the particles. It is, however, shown that the Landau and cyclotron resonance conditions which classically describe resonant energy–momentum exchange between waves and particles are no longer valid in a rotating magnetized plasma column. In this case a new resonance condition which involves a resonant matching between the wave frequency, the cyclotron frequency modified by inertial effects and the harmonics of the guiding centre rotation is identified. A new quasilinear equation describing orbital and spin angular momentum exchanges through these new Brillouin resonances is then derived, and used to expose the wave-driven radial current responsible for angular momentum absorption.
Validation of inductively coupled plasma simulation model by laser Thomson scattering experiment
Authors: Sun Jinhai , Shi Jielin , Li Yu , Liu Yong-Qiang , Zhao Yarui , Zhang Xutao , Cai He , Zhu Xianli , Sun Xinxue , Yin Hongcheng , Ding Hongbin
Published: July 2023

To comprehensively study the physical properties of inductively coupled plasma (ICP), a finite element method (FEM) simulation model of ICP is developed using the well-established COMSOL software. To benchmark the validation of the FEM model, two key physical parameters, the electron density and the electron temperature of the ICP plasma, are precisely measured by the state-of-the-art laser Thomson scattering diagnostic approach. For low-pressure plasma such as ICP, the local pressure in the generator tube is difficult to measure directly. The local gas pressure in the ICP tube has been calibrated by comparing the experimental and simulation results of the maximum electron density. And on this basis, the electron density and electron temperature of ICP under the same gas pressure and absorbed power have been compared by experiments and simulations. The good agreement between the experimental and simulation data of these two key physical parameters fully verifies the validity of the ICP FEM simulation model. The experimental verification of the ICP FEM simulation model lays a foundation for further study of the distribution of various physical quantities and their variation with pressure and absorption power, which is beneficial for improving the level of ICP-related processes.
Plasma biomarkers of neurodegeneration in mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies
Authors: Hamilton Calum Alexander , O'Brien John , Heslegrave Amanda , Laban Rhiannon , Donaghy Paul , Durcan Rory , Lawley Sarah , Barnett Nicola , Roberts Gemma , Firbank Michael , Taylor John-Paul , Zetterberg Henrik , Thomas Alan
Published: July 2023

Background

Blood biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) may allow for the early detection of AD pathology in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD (MCI-AD) and as a co-pathology in MCI with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB). However not all cases of MCI-LB will feature AD pathology. Disease-general biomarkers of neurodegeneration, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) or neurofilament light (NfL), may therefore provide a useful supplement to AD biomarkers. We aimed to compare the relative utility of plasma Aβ42/40, p-tau181, GFAP and NfL in differentiating MCI-AD and MCI-LB from cognitively healthy older adults, and from one another.

Methods

Plasma samples were analysed for 172 participants (31 healthy controls, 48 MCI-AD, 28 possible MCI-LB and 65 probable MCI-LB) at baseline, and a subset (n = 55) who provided repeated samples after ≥1 year. Samples were analysed with a Simoa 4-plex assay for Aβ42, Aβ40, GFAP and NfL, and incorporated previously-collected p-tau181 from this same cohort.

Results

Probable MCI-LB had elevated GFAP (p < 0.001) and NfL (p = 0.012) relative to controls, but not significantly lower Aβ42/40 (p = 0.06). GFAP and p-tau181 were higher in MCI-AD than MCI-LB. GFAP discriminated all MCI subgroups, from controls (AUC of 0.75), but no plasma-based marker effectively differentiated MCI-AD from MCI-LB. NfL correlated with disease severity and increased with MCI progression over time (p = 0.011).

Conclusion

Markers of AD and astrocytosis/neurodegeneration are elevated in MCI-LB. GFAP offered similar utility to p-tau181 in distinguishing MCI overall, and its subgroups, from healthy controls.
Prinzmetal angina in a child with actin gene ACTC1 mutation
Authors: Mattia Donald , Matney Chelsea , Zangwill Steven , Wisotzkey Bethany , Rhee Edward , Knoll Christopher
Published: July 2023

Prinzmetal angina is a rare cause of intermittent chest pain in paediatrics. Here, we report the case of a 2-year-old female who presented with episodic chest pain, malaise, diaphoresis, fatigue, and poor perfusion on exam. During her hospitalisation, these episodes were associated with significant low cardiac output as evidenced by lactic acidosis and low mixed venous oxygen saturations. Her workup revealed an actin alpha cardiac muscle 1 (ACTC1) gene mutation and associated left ventricular non-compaction with decreased systolic function. She was started on oral heart failure medications as well as a calcium channel blocker but continued to have episodes which were found to promptly resolve with nitroglycerine. She was ultimately listed for cardiac transplant given her perceived risk of sudden death.
Significant Mid‐ and Low‐Latitude Ionospheric Disturbances Characterized by Dynamic EIA, EPBs, and SED Variations During the 13–14 March 2022 Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Aa Ercha , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Erickson Philip J. , Wang Wenbin , Qian Liying , Cai Xuguang , Coster Anthea J. , Goncharenko Larisa P.
Published: July 2023

This work investigates mid‐ and low‐latitude ionospheric disturbances over the American sector during a moderate but geo‐effective geomagnetic storm on 13–14 March 2022 (π‐Day storm), using ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System total electron content data, ionosonde observations, and space‐borne measurements from the Global‐scale Observations of Limb and Disk (GOLD), Swarm, the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), and the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) satellites. Our results show that this modest but geo‐effective storm created a number of large ionospheric disturbances, especially the dynamic multi‐scale electron density gradient features in the storm main phase as follows: (a) The low‐latitude equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) exhibited a dramatic storm‐time deformation and reformation, where the EIA crests evolved into a bright equatorial band for 1–2 hr and then quickly separated back into the typical double‐crest structure with a broad crest width and deep equatorial trough. (b) Strong equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) occurred with an abnormally high latitude/altitude extension, reaching the geomagnetic latitude of ∼30°, corresponding to an Apex height of 2,600 km above the dip equator. (c) The midlatitude ionosphere experienced a conspicuous storm‐enhanced density (SED) plume structure associated with the subauroral polarization stream (SAPS). This SED/SAPS feature showed an unusual temporal variation that intensified and diminished twice. These distinct mid‐ and low‐latitude ionospheric disturbances could be attributed to the storm‐time electrodynamic effect of electric field perturbation, along with contributions from neutral dynamics and thermospheric composition change.
Understanding the Shift of Drivers of Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Based on Regional Process‐Based Modeling in the Mississippi River Basin During the Past Century
Authors: Bian Zihao , Sun Ge , McNulty Steven , Pan Shufen , Tian Hanqin
Published: July 2023

Soil erosion and sedimentation problems remain a major water quality concern for making watershed management policies in the Mississippi River Basin (MRB). It is unclear whether the observed decreasing trend of stream suspended sediment loading to the mouth of the MRB over the last eight decades truly reflects a decline in upland soil erosion in this large basin. Here, we improved a distributed regional land surface model, the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model, to evaluate how climate and land use changes have impacted soil erosion and sediment yield over the entire MRB during the past century. Model results indicate that total sediment yield significantly increased during 1980–2018, despite no significant increase in annual precipitation and runoff. The increased soil erosion and sediment yield are mainly driven by intensified extreme precipitation (EP). Spatially, we found notable intensified EP events in the cropland‐dominated Midwest region, resulting in a substantial increase in soil erosion and sediment yield. Land use change played a critical role in determining sediment yield from the 1910s to the 1930s, thereafter, climate variability increasingly became the dominant driver of soil erosion, which peaked in the 2010s. This study highlights the increasing influences of extreme climate in affecting soil erosion and sedimentation, thus, water quality. Therefore, existing forest and cropland Best Management Practices should be revisited to confront the impacts of climate change on water quality in the MRB.
Associations of objectively measured physical activity, sedentary time and cardiorespiratory fitness with adipose tissue insulin resistance and ectopic fat
Authors: Malaikah Sundus , Willis Scott A. , Henson Joseph , Sargeant Jack A. , Yates Thomas , Thackray Alice E. , Goltz Fernanda R. , Roberts Matthew J. , Bodicoat Danielle H. , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Stensel David J. , King James A.
Published: July 2023

Background/objectives

Inadequate movement, excess adiposity, and insulin resistance augment cardiometabolic risk. This study examined the associations of objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), with adipose tissue insulin resistance and ectopic fat.

Methods

Data were combined from two previous experimental studies with community volunteers (n = 141, male = 60%, median (interquartile range) age = 37 (19) years, body mass index (BMI) = 26.1 (6.3) kg·m-2). Adipose tissue insulin resistance was assessed using the adipose tissue insulin resistance index (Adipo-IR); whilst magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure liver, visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (ScAT). Sedentary time and MVPA were measured via an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer. Generalized linear models examined the association of CRF, MVPA, and sedentary time with Adipo-IR and fat depots. Interaction terms explored the moderating influence of age, sex, BMI and CRF.

Results

After controlling for BMI and cardiometabolic variables, sedentary time was positively associated with Adipo-IR (β = 0.68 AU [95%CI = 0.27 to 1.10], P < 0.001). The association between sedentary time and Adipo-IR was moderated by age, CRF and BMI; such that it was stronger in individuals who were older, had lower CRF and had a higher BMI. Sedentary time was also positively associated with VAT (β = 0.05 L [95%CI = 0.01 to 0.08], P = 0.005) with the relationship being stronger in females than males. CRF was inversely associated with VAT (β = −0.02 L [95%CI = −0.04 to −0.01], P = 0.003) and ScAT (β = −0.10 L [95%CI = −0.13 to −0.06], P < 0.001); with sex and BMI moderating the strength of associations with VAT and ScAT, respectively.

Conclusions

Sedentary time is positively associated with adipose tissue insulin resistance which regulates lipogenesis and lipolysis. CRF is independently related to central fat storage which is a key risk factor for cardiometabolic disease.
Incommensurate charge-stripe correlations in the kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5−xSnx
Authors: Kautzsch Linus , Oey Yuzki M. , Li Hong , Ren Zheng , Ortiz Brenden R. , Pokharel Ganesh , Seshadri Ram , Ruff Jacob , Kongruengkit Terawit , Harter John W. , Wang Ziqiang , Zeljkovic Ilija , Wilson Stephen D.
Published: July 2023

The class of AV3Sb5 (A=K, Rb, Cs) kagome metals hosts unconventional charge density wave states seemingly intertwined with their low temperature superconducting phases. The nature of the coupling between these two states and the potential presence of nearby, competing charge instabilities however remain open questions. This phenomenology is strikingly highlighted by the formation of two ‘domes’ in the superconducting transition temperature upon hole-doping CsV3Sb5. Here we track the evolution of charge correlations upon the suppression of long-range charge density wave order in the first dome and into the second of the hole-doped kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5−xSnx. Initially, hole-doping drives interlayer charge correlations to become short-ranged with their periodicity diminished along the interlayer direction. Beyond the peak of the first superconducting dome, the parent charge density wave state vanishes and incommensurate, quasi-1D charge correlations are stabilized in its place. These competing, unidirectional charge correlations demonstrate an inherent electronic rotational symmetry breaking in CsV3Sb5, and reveal a complex landscape of charge correlations within its electronic phase diagram. Our data suggest an inherent 2kf charge instability and competing charge orders in the AV3Sb5 class of kagome superconductors.
How our hearts beat together: a study on physiological synchronization based on a self-paced joint motor task
Authors: Flory Stephan , Guglielmini Sabino , Scholkmann Felix , Marcar Valentine L. , Wolf Martin
Published: July 2023

Cardiac physiological synchrony is regarded as an important component of social interaction due to its putative role in prosocial behaviour. Yet, the processes underlying physiological synchrony remain unclear. We aim to investigate these processes. 20 dyads (19 men, 21 women, age range 18–35) engaged in a self-paced interpersonal tapping synchronization task under different levels of tapping synchrony due to blocking of sensory communication channels. Applying wavelet transform coherence analysis, significant increases in heart rate synchronization from baseline to task execution were found with no statistically significant difference across conditions. Furthermore, the control analysis, which assessed synchrony between randomly combined dyads of participants showed no difference from the original dyads’ synchrony. We showed that interindividual cardiac physiological synchrony during self-paced synchronized finger tapping resulted from a task-related stimulus equally shared by all individuals. We hypothesize that by applying mental effort to the task, individuals changed into a similar mental state, altering their cardiac regulation. This so-called psychophysiological mode provoked more uniform, less variable fluctuation patterns across all individuals leading to similar heart rate coherence independent of subsequent pairings. With this study, we provide new insights into cardiac physiological synchrony and highlight the importance of appropriate study design and control analysis.
Nutritional stress-induced regulation of microtubule organization and mRNP transport by HDAC1 controlled α-tubulin acetylation
Authors: Wippich Frank , Vaishali  , Hennrich Marco L. , Ephrussi Anne
Published: July 2023

In response to nutritional stress, microtubules in cells of the Drosophila female germline are depleted from the cytoplasm and accumulate cortically. This triggers aggregation of mRNPs into large processing bodies (P-bodies) and oogenesis arrest. Here, we show that hyperacetylation of α-tubulin at lysine 40 (K40) alters microtubule dynamics and P-body formation. We found that depletion of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) by RNAi phenocopies the nutritional stress response, causing α-tubulin hyperacetylation and accumulation of maternally deposited mRNPs in P-bodies. Through in vitro and in vivo studies, we identify HDAC1 as a direct regulator of α-tubulin K40 acetylation status. In well-fed flies, HDAC1 maintains low levels of α-tubulin acetylation, enabling the microtubule dynamics required for mRNP transport. Using quantitative phosphoproteomics we identify nutritional stress-induced changes in protein phosphorylation that act upstream of α-tubulin acetylation, including phosphorylation of HDAC1 at S391, which reduces its ability to deacetylate α-tubulin. These results reveal that Drosophila HDAC1 senses and relays the nutritional status, which regulates germline development through modulation of cytoskeleton dynamics.
Co-generation of palladium nanoparticles and phosphate supported on metal–organic frameworks as hydrogenation catalysts
Authors: Takashima Yohei , Tetsusashi Seiko , Takano Mai , Tanaka Shintaro , Murakami Yui , Tsuruoka Takaaki , Akamatsu Kensuke
Published: July 2023

In this study, we demonstrated the direct synthesis of sodium dihydrogen phosphate (PA) containing palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) supported on a metal–organic framework (MOF) for hydrogenation catalysis.
Advances in isothermal nucleic acid amplification methods for hepatitis B virus detection
Authors: Li Huilin , Song Wenjun , Li Hongying , Cui Jiaqi , Xie Yuchen , Wu Bo , Chen Rong
Published: July 2023

A schematic diagram of the main methods for hepatitis B detection.
A hydrogen sulfide and tyrosinase responsive dual-locked fluorophore for selective imaging of melanoma cells
Authors: Almammadov Toghrul , Dirak Musa , Saymaz Ayca , Acari Alperen , Kolemen Safacan
Published: July 2023

A resorufin-based dual-locked fluorescent probe for selective imaging of melanoma cells.
Reactivity of nitrogen atoms from Zif-8 structure deposited over Ti3C2 MXene in the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction
Authors: Marinho André L. A. , Comminges Clément , Habrioux Aurélien , Célérier Stéphane , Bion Nicolas , Morais Cláudia
Published: July 2023

The ammonia produced when using Zif-8@Ti3C2 is shown to be originated from nitrogen atoms contained in the Zif-8 structure.
Anomalous π-backbonding in complexes between B(SiR3)3 and N2: catalytic activation and breaking of scaling relations
Authors: Brinck Tore , Sahoo Suman Kalyan
Published: July 2023

Lewis acids of the types B(SiR3)3 and B(GeR3)3 bind N2 and CO with anomalously short and strong B–N or B–C bonds.
The effect of switchable electronic polarization states on the electronic properties of two-dimensional multiferroic TMBr2/Ga2SSe2 (TM = V–Ni) heterostructures
Authors: Lu Jinlian , Guo Nini , Duan Yuanyuan , Wang Shu , Mao Yuxuan , Yi Sun , Meng Lijuan , Yao Xiaojing , Zhang Xiuyun
Published: July 2023

Multiferroic van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures (HSs) prepared by combining different ferroic materials offer an exciting platform for next-generation nanoelectronic devices.
An antiferromagnetic semiconducting FeCN2monolayer with a large magnetic anisotropy and strong magnetic coupling
Authors: Wang Zhicui , Lou Huan , Han Fanjunjie , Yan Xu , Liu Yong , Yang Guochun
Published: July 2023

Newfound antiferromagnetic semiconducting FeCN2monolayer, in which a zigzag Fe chain structure is accompanied by multi-bonding coexistence. A large antiferromagnetic exchange coupling interaction coefficient of −81.0 meV is corresponding to a high magnetic transition temperature of 176 K.
Electrochemically regulated luminescence of europium complexes with β-diketone in polyether matrices
Authors: Yabuta Ryoto , Kobayashi Norihisa , Nakamura Kazuki
Published: July 2023

Electrochemical control of the luminescence color of Eu complexes due to valence change between Eu3+ and Eu2+ was achieved.
Biomimetic catalysis of nitrite reductase enzyme using copper complexes in chemical and electrochemical reduction of nitrite
Authors: Ferreira Millena P. , Castro Caio B. , Honorato João , He Sheng , Gonçalves Guimarães Júnior Walber , Esmieu Charlene , Castellano Eduardo E. , de Moura André F. , Truzzi Daniela R. , Nascimento Otaciro R. , Simonneau Antoine , Marques Netto Caterina G. C.
Published: July 2023

Copper nitrite reductase mimetics were shown to have their catalysis influenced by the secondary coordination sphere and hydrogen bonding.
Engineering metallenes for boosting electrocatalytic biomass-oxidation-assisted hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Yang Lida , Wang Kun , Jin Lie , Xu Hui , Chen Haiqun
Published: July 2023

A systematic review regarding the engineering of metallenes toward biomass-oxidation-assisted hydrogen evolution is presented.
N-aryloxide-amidinate group 4 metal complexes
Authors: Xu Hanhua , Lv Ze-Jie , Wei Junnian , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: July 2023

A N-aryloxide-amidine ligand was prepared in two steps. And the corresponding Ti, Zr, and Hf complexes were obtained.
Kinetic and mechanistic investigations of dioxygen reduction by a molecular Cu(ii) catalyst bearing a pentadentate amidate ligand
Authors: Chowdhury Srijan Narayan , Biswas Sachidulal , Das Saikat , Biswas Achintesh N.
Published: July 2023

Kinetic and mechanistic investigations of dioxygen reduction by decamethylferrocene with a molecular Cu(ii) catalyst reveal the critical role of solvents in modulating Brønsted acidity.