bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OS PRINCÍPIOS DA SOLIDARIEDADE E DA COOPERAÇÃO PROCESSUAL: SUAS INTERFACES JURÍDICAS
Authors: Bezerra Frio Nikolai , Caprio Fonseca Soares Marcos
Published: June 2022

A presente pesquisa tem como intuito verificar os efeitos jurídicos do princípio da solidariedade sobre o modelo processual baseado no princípio da cooperação processual. Assim, perscrutar-se-á a feição do princípio da solidariedade constitucional. Na sequência, verificar-se-á o liame havido entre a solidariedade constitucional e a cooperação processual. No entanto, apesar do que tem sido defendido pela doutrina, a consonância jurídica entre os dois conceitos não decorre de um raciocínio subsuntivo ou influência direta, muito pelo contrário, a incidência dos efeitos da solidariedade será mediada pela boa-fé processual que, quando passa a adentrar no modelo cooperativo, acaba espraiando os efeitos do princípio maior. Assim, procurou-se demonstrar com a tese ora carreada, um falseamento à visão científica existente quanto à correlação direta havida entre os dois conceitos, de modo a estruturar e organizar a conformação jurídica de ambos, segundo uma abordagem hermenêutica-filológica.
A UTILIZAÇÃO DOS NUDGES NAS SESSÕES DE MEDIAÇÃO COMO INSTRUMENTO DA POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE TRATAMENTO ADEQUADO DOS CONFLITOS
Authors: DE ANDRADE AGENOR CÁSSIO NASCIMENTO CORREIA , GÓES GISELE SANTOS FERNANDES , PEREIRA BERNARDO AUGUSTO COSTA
Published: June 2022

O presente artigo objetiva analisar o uso dos nudges nas sessões de mediação a partir dos estudos da economia comportamental. Para intentar tal abordagem, apresenta-se o conceito de nudge, discutindo-se como a interdisciplinaridade pode auxiliar na busca do consenso nas sessões de mediação. Utilizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica, bem como o método hipotético-dedutivo. Conclui-se que o uso de nudges nos métodos autocompositivos contribui para que as partes cheguem ao acordo, respeitando direitos fundamentais e exprimindo uma mudança na cultura do litígio em nosso ordenamento jurídico.
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DO PRECEDENTE VINCULANTE PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONÔMICO DOS PAÍSES
Authors: Coura Alexandre De Castro , Lacerda Allan Dias , Cerqueira Maira Ramos
Published: June 2022

O artigo estuda se a adoção do precedente de natureza vinculante pode ajudar no desenvolvimento econômico dos países. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa tem como pano de fundo o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, que sempre adotou o sistema da civil law, dando pouca importância aos precedentes e agora caminha para um sistema híbrido, no qual a lei e os precedentes vinculantes convivem harmonicamente, devendo ambos ser respeitados pelo juiz. Dessa forma, primeiramente, são analisados os principais fatores que a ordem jurídica de uma localidade deve ter para ser considerada atrativa para investimentos. Em segundo lugar, as expectativas que a adoção do precedente vinculante traz, como a maior previsibilidade das decisões. Outro efeito importante é uma maior celeridade das decisões judiciais, já que a solução para o caso que é submetido à análise judicial, uma vez repetidos os mesmos fundamentos jurídicos e fáticos de casos anteriormente decididos, dependerá apenas de uma operação de subsunção do magistrado. Conclui-se que se trata de um expediente válido e que contribui no desenvolvimento dos países, mas que precisa de um tempo de maturação para que seus efeitos positivos sejam produzidos.
“ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION” E A SOLUÇÃO DE LITÍGIOS: DA QUALIDADE À EFETIVIDADE DOS DIREITOS
Authors: Gaio Junior Antônio Pereira
Published: June 2022

O presente artigo procura enfrentar o tema da Online Dispute Resolution a partir de sua capacidade de solucionar, qualitativamente, os conflitos e conceder efetividade na restauração do direito lesado. Para tanto, a investigação partiu de premissas históricas sobre conflito de interesses, acesso à justiça, processo e realidade da sociedade moderna, com as práticas sociais em ambiente digital. Nestes termos, objetivou-se discutir os direitos aptos à solução de conflitos em linha, assim como a idoneidade do processo ali instalado e o respeito aos direitos e garantias fundamentais, predicados realizadores de um processo, de fato, justo. Como resultados, foram constados, dentre outros, a ainda incipiente regulação legislativa da no que tange aos aspectos procedimentais na solução de conflitos em linha, sobretudo no Brasil, favorecendo a baixa percepção do respeito aos postulados devido processo legal, assim como a garantia de satisfação dos direitos naquele ambiente discutidos e decididos. As metodologias empregadas foram a descritiva e bibliográfica, adequadas para a perquirição e descrição do objeto bem como suporte literário, este ainda em construção no tema.
A FUNÇÃO DOS PRECEDENTES VINCULANTES E DA PRODUÇÃO ANTECIPADA DE PROVAS PARA UM ACESSO À ORDEM JURÍDICA RESPONSÁVEL NO NOVO CENÁRIO DO PROCESSO DO TRABALHO
Authors: Silva Buno Freire e
Published: June 2022

O artigo trata da necessidade de exercício do acesso à Justiça do Trabalho de forma responsável, diante do novo cenário da Reforma Trabalhista e implementação de ônus de sucumbência relativo a honorários advocatícios e multa por litigância de má-fé. O objetivo é demonstrar como é possível exercer essa litigância responsável, por meio da observância dos precedentes vinculantes quanto ao direito e utilização da produção antecipada de prova em relação aos fatos controvertidos no novo cenário do processo do trabalho. O resultado consistirá numa conscientização dos litigantes para o exercício de um acesso à ordem jurídica responsável, por meio de uma metodologia que parte da análise técnica quanto à introdução, conceitos, distinções, efeitos e funções dos institutos.
PRESSUPOSTOS DAS MEDIDAS AUTOCOMPOSITIVAS ADEQUADAS DE SOLUÇÃO DE CONFLITOS: ACESSO EFETIVO À JUSTIÇA
Authors: Gavião Esdras Neemias Freitas , Souza Adriano Stanley Rocha
Published: June 2022

A inclusão da audiência preliminar autocompositiva (art. 334) do Código de Processo Civil, bem como o dever de estímulo da autocomposição pelos operadores do direito (§3º, art. 3 do CPC) a transmuta em política judiciária plúrima. Dessa forma, a organização dos métodos elegíveis aos conflitos carece de sistematização enquanto medidas adequadas de solução de conflitos. O presente estudo visa analisar os pressupostos comuns a qualquer medida autocompositiva nos processos levados a função judiciária. O trabalho almeja compreender os pressupostos a se observar nos múltiplos métodos autocompositivos para se considerar uma medida (autocompositiva) adequada de solução de conflitos. O problema que se pretende responder é se a utilização atual das medidas autocompositivas obedece aos princípios constitucionais processuais do acesso à justiça. Ainda, busca-se no presente analisar o impacto da autocomposição no acervo judiciário, considerando a satisfação das partes e da administração pública em geral. Existem pressupostos comuns e aplicáveis a todos os métodos, pois,  somente métodos cientificamente comprovados devem ser considerados aptos a utilização no Poder Judiciário, detendo estes das balizas do método cietífico. As medidas autocompositivas enquanto medida ampla, são relativamente recentes, e ainda compreendidas como meramente alternativas, devendo o Poder Judiciário ser cauteloso enquanto fomentador e aplicador de novos métodos, ou métodos com baixa cautela ou carentes de dados científicos. A metodologia da investigação teve um viés qualitativo e quantitativo, com objetivo exploratório, descritivo e explicativo, com método hipotético-dedutivo e técnica bibliográfica e documental, inclusive em documentos oficiais do Conselho Nacional de Justiça, relativos aos anos de 2017 a 2019.
EL DERECHO PROCESAL, SUS FUENTES Y EL DESAFÍO DE LA SIMPLICIDAD
Authors: Bracesco Ignacio Soba
Published: June 2022

Sobre el presente artículo subyace la “nueva” realidad que le toca afrontar al Derecho procesal en el siglo veintiuno. Se analizará el tema de las fuentes, de la codificación procesal, para ver las herramientas de Derecho positivo con que cuenta el procesalismo para atender los desafíos de la actualidad. Se complementa el trabajo con una referencia a los acuerdos o pactos procesales y su capacidad de adaptar las soluciones procesales generales a las necesidades del caso concreto. Finalmente, se concluye con aportes vinculados a la idea de simplicidad como característica esencial del Derecho procesal contemporáneo. Simplicidad que se debería poder apreciar en sus reglas, en las estructuras procesales, en sus funciones, etc., buscando fortalecer su rol de instrumento de garantías.
O ITEM OMISSO NA SENTENÇA, A SUA RECORRIBILIDADE E O DIÁLOGO COM A TEORIA DA CAUSA MADURA A PARTIR DE PEDIDO ESPECÍFICO: UM ESTUDO EM HOMENAGEM AO PROF. BARBOSA MOREIRA
Authors: Lemos Vinicius Silva
Published: June 2022

O presente artigo aborda a omissão de um item na decisão, o problema dessa omissão para o processo e o texto do Prof. Barbosa Moreira intitulado “Item do pedido sobre o qual não houve decisão: possibilidade de reiteração noutro processo”, demonstrando que a sua pesquisa e posicionamento influenciou o CPC/2015, como houve uma positivação em sentido oposto ao antigo entendimento jurisprudencial do STJ. O objetivo do estudo está na análise sobre o impacto, ou não, da discussão aberta pelo Prof. Barbosa Moreira e a recorribilidade dessa parcela não julgada, a abertura da jurisdição para o Tribunal e a necessidade, ou não, de impugnação específica e diálogo com a teoria da causa madura. O estudo, dentro do recorte analisado, chega ao resultado que a parcela não julgada da decisão deve ser recorrida especificadamente, com a impossibilidade do Tribunal em analisar o que não foi decidido e não foi recorrido, utilizando o método indutivo-dedutivo para comprovar as hipóteses apresentadas.
Redes, agentes e negócios: aspectos da escravidão no interior do sudeste brasileiro durante a segunda metade do século XIX
Authors: Batista Caio Da Silva , Silva Dayana De Oliveira
Published: June 2022

O presente artigo busca acompanhar parte da trajetória de vida do casal José Venâncio de Carvalho e sua esposa dona Delfina Theodora de São José, quando residiam na cidade de Juiz de Fora, localizada na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais durante a segunda metade do século XIX. Para alcançar esse objetivo, iremos analisar processos criminais, registro de compra e venda de escravo e carta de alforria envolvendo esses indivíduos. Essa documentação irá permitir compreender alguns aspectos da escravidão no Brasil oitocentista, como, por exemplo, a precarização da liberdade, o mercado interno de escravizados desenvolvido durante a segunda metade do século XIX e as relações sociais entre livres e escravos.  Com isso, este estudo busca contribuir com o debate historiográfico a respeito das sociedades escravistas desenvolvidas no Brasil durante o século XIX, sobretudo na região Sudeste.
Fazenda Engenho Novo: História oral e memória negra na cidade de São Gonçalo
Authors: Santiago Daiana Sousa , Oliveira Samuel Silva Rodrigues de
Published: June 2022

O artigo analisa a história e memória negra da Fazenda Engenho Novo, no município de São Gonçalo (RJ). Através da metodologia de História Oral articulada pelo Movimento Ocupa Fazenda Engenho Novo, enfoca o trabalho de memória de Alfredo Pinheiro da Silva e Marcolina Alexandrina da Silva. Na condição de lavradores e se identificando como parte de famílias de afrodescendentes que conquistaram a liberdade no final do século XIX, eles teceram narrativas em torno da fazenda, da luta por direitos e do paternalismo senhorial. O trabalho dialoga de forma direta com as análises de Hebe Mattos e Ana Lugão sobre a memória do cativeiro e a liberdade no meio rural fluminense.
Traficantes de escravos e escravidão no Recife, 1820-1860
Authors: Gomes Amanda Barlavento , De Souza Arthur Danillo Castelo Branco
Published: June 2022

Resumo: Este artigo procura abrir a discussão sobre a cultura político-econômica, a qual denominamos “Escola da ilegalidade”, onde comerciantes atlânticos e interprovinciais enriqueceram como traficantes de escravos e tornaram-se verdadeiros capitalistas, atuando no negócio mesmo após as leis antitráfico, passando o conhecimento de pai para filho, demais familiares, sócios e até mesmo autoridades dos poderes provinciais e imperiais. Para isso, seguimos as redes de alguns desses negociantes atuantes da Praça comercial do Recife entre os anos de 1820-1860, mostrando a evolução do negócio que se tornou um grande sistema nacional aceito, movimentando parte expressiva da economia do Brasil Imperial.
A família Steiger: digressões ou reminiscências escravistas no pós-abolição? (Bahia, 1860-1890)
Authors: Santos Gonçalves Victor Santos
Published: June 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é abordar reflexões da família Steiger de Ilhéus sobre a escravaria da fazenda Victoria, antes, durante e depois da Abolição. Para isto, utilizaremos como corpus documental o livro Mato Virgem, a biografia sobre Ferdinand Steiger e a nota auxiliar sobre a plantation Victoria. Nossa balizas temporais percorreram as décadas de 1860 a 1890, através de uma microanálise das ideias de Ferdinand Steiger e outros membros dessa família sobre a escravidão, os escravos e libertos dentro desse contexto.
Com a letra da lei e o espírito legislador: aplicação e regulamentação da Lei do Ventre Livre brasileira (1871-1876)
Authors: Santos Leite Thomaz
Published: June 2022

Todo o processo de proposição e discussão até a aprovação da Lei do Ventre Livre, em 28 de setembro de 1871, foi um dos grandes acontecimentos políticos da segunda metade daquele século. A Lei transformou diversas práticas relativas à escravidão em jurisprudências e foi um avanço, sob uma perspectiva legal, em diversos âmbitos do Direito. Porém, ao contrário do que se poderia imaginar, mesmo após toda a discussão em torno do texto da lei, ocorrida entre 1867 e 1871, sua aprovação não significou a finalização dos debates acerca do tema. Foram necessárias diversas regulamentações para que a lei tivesse seu devido funcionamento. É esse o objetivo deste artigo, entender como ocorreu o processo de regulamentação da Lei do Ventre Livre, entre 1871 e 1876, e quais modificações seu texto sofreu durante esse período.
Sintonia fina dos poderes: sobas, degradados, aventureiros e o desejo da realeza lusa
Authors: Pantoja Selma Alves
Published: June 2022

ResumoEste artigo examina as relações entre a população da região da África Central Ocidental e a presença portuguesa, no período do comércio Atlântico de Escravos, considerando as nomenclaturas classificatórias que surgiram a partir desses contatos estabelecidos numa mutante relações de forças. Nesses vínculos, foram criadas categorias de poderosos efeitos hierárquicos, atribuídos a novos sujeitos sociais e que, de certa maneira, sobreviveram enquanto marcadores de desigualdade social até o século XXI.
Combined processing strategy based on magnetorheological finishing for monocrystalline silicon x-ray mirrors
Authors: Liu Shiwei , Wang Hongxiang , Hou Jing , Zhang Qinghua , Chen Xianhua , Zhong Bo , Zhang Mingzhuang
Published: June 2022

Higher requirements for monocrystalline silicon x-ray mirrors have been put forward with the development of synchrotron radiation optics. The existing processing technologies limit their efficiency while achieving high-precision manufacturing of x-ray mirrors. Hence, this paper formulates a processing strategy of employing magnetorheological finishing (MRF) to make the precision of x-ray mirrors fully meet the standard. The combination of fine polishing and super-smooth processing can effectively improve the surface quality of mirrors. The residual error, wavefront gradient, and surface roughness of the mirror can reach 7.2 nm, 0.42 µrad, and 0.28 nm, respectively, after several iterations. The research not only indicates that MRF can replace the existing manufacturing method and greatly improve processing efficiency, but also provides technical support for optimizing the processing route of x-ray mirrors.
Characterization of PT-symmetric quantum interference based on the coupled mode theory
Authors: Zhou Junhe
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we propose a comprehensive quantum theoretical framework to formulate the quantum interference inside the parity-time (PT) symmetric waveguide system which is formed by two coupled optical waveguides with unequal losses. Based on the theory, the expression for the well-known Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) dip is derived, which is in an exact agreement with the published results. What’s more, a novel one-photon quantum interference phenomenon is predicted according to the model, which suggests a quantum interference process similar to the HOM effect can be observed for the one-photon state, while the other photon is lost due to the waveguide attenuation. Such phenomenon cannot occur in a Hermitian system or in the system formed by the waveguides with equal losses.
Enhanced graphene surface plasmonics through incorporation into metallic nanostructures
Authors: Dong Yongliang , Bandaru Prabhakar R.
Published: June 2022

A methodology for enhancing the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) resonance associated with graphene, through nanoscale metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) gaps, is proposed. The modulation of the resonances, in the range of 0.7 µm to 1 µm was done through tuning the carrier density in graphene and has been shown to be of potential utility for surface analyte sensing. It was shown, from finite element simulations in the frequency domain, that the related hybrid SPP modes could be clearly delineated in far field spectroscopy.
Polarization and coherence properties in self-healing propagation of a partially coherent radially polarized twisted beam
Authors: Zhou Yunqin , Cui Zhiwei , Han Yiping
Published: June 2022

With the help of generalized Huygens–Fresnel integral, an analytical expression for the self-healing of a partially coherent radially polarized twisted (PCRPT) beam is derived. The coherence and polarization properties of the PCRPT beam in self-healing propagation are studied in detail. It shows that the existence of the twist phase is a double-edged sword for the self-healing properties of the beam. With the increase of the twist factor, the self-healing ability of beam intensity distribution decreases. However, the anti-disturbance performance of beam polarization improves at the same time. Besides, the polarization and coherence distribution of the beam are proved that own a slight self-healing ability when the obstacle is small. Our results will be helpful to the fields of optical tweezers, microscopy, optical communication, and so on.
Assessing the potentials of bacterial antagonists for plant growth promotion, nutrient acquisition, and biological control of Southern blight disease in tomato
Authors: Sultana Farjana , Hossain M. Motaher
Published: June 2022

Southern blight of tomato caused by Sclerotium rolfsii can cause severe plant mortality and yield losses. The use of rhizobacteria for the biological control of Southern blight disease is a potent alternative to chemical fungicides. Although rhizobacteria are prolific candidates, comprehensive reports regarding their use in tomato disease management are limited. The present study screened six rhizobacterial strains for antagonism against S. rolfsii in dual culture and culture filtrate assays. The selected promising strains were tested further for plant-growth-promoting and biocontrol potentials under in vitro, greenhouse, and field conditions. Of the six strains screened, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia PPB3 and Bacillus subtilis PPB9 showed the superior performance displaying the highest antagonism against S. rolfsii in dual culture (PPB3 88% and PPB9 71% inhibition), and culture filtrate assays (PPB3 53–100% and PPB9 54–100% inhibition at various concentrations). Oxalic acid produced by S. rolfsii was significantly inhibited by both rhizobacteria and supported their growth as a carbon source. The strains produced hydrogen cyanide, chitinases, siderophores, biofilm, and indole acetic acid. They showed the potential to solubilize phosphate and fix nitrogen. Seed treatment with S. maltophilia PPB3 and B. subtilis PPB9 improved seed germination and tomato seedling vigour. Significant increases in plant growth, chlorophyll contents, and N, P, and K concentrations were attained in bacterized plants compared to non-treated controls. The application of antagonists on container-grown seedlings in a greenhouse environment and field-grown tomato plants reduced symptoms of damping-off and Southern blight. The sclerotial counts decreased significantly in these soils. Bacteria-inoculated plants had a higher yield than those in the non-treated control. Bacteria colonized the entire roots, and their populations increased significantly in the protected plants. The results show the potential capabilities of S. maltophilia PPB3 and B. subtilis PPB9 for growth promotion, nutrient acquisition, and biocontrol of southern blight disease in tomatoes.
Sex ratios and union formation in the historical population of the St. Lawrence Valley
Authors: Filser Andreas , Willführ Kai P.
Published: June 2022

The ratio of men and women in the adult population, i.e. sex ratio, has long been recognized as a key demographic constraint for partnering behavior. However, the literature remains contradictory on how sex ratio imbalances influence partnering behavior, suggesting either higher or lower rates of male marriage being associated with male-skewed sex ratios. These contradictory findings are likely due to data limitations. Cross-sectional data or limited observation periods preclude studies from distinguishing sex ratio effects on timing from effects on the overall likelihood of marriage. In this paper, we use historical family reconstitution data to study the association of sex ratios with marriage patterns in the French colony of the St. Lawrence Valley in North America (1680–1750). The population experienced a substantial male-skew from sex-selective immigration during the early period of the colony. The long-running observation period allow for differentiating the timing and overall likelihood of marriage. Finally, the data enable us to study the effects of male-skews on the population-level as well as the regional and parish level. Cox proportional hazard models reveal that while male-skewed sex ratios are associated earlier marriage for women, the association with men’s marital biographies is less clear-cut. We find that men marry later when sex ratios are more male-skewed, yet we do not find a substantial reduction in the overall likelihood of marriage for men. Our findings reveal that male-skewed sex ratios do not necessarily result in an increase of never married men. We discuss the implications of our findings for the sex ratio literature.
Psychometric analysis of the Glasgow Coma Scale and its sub-scale scores in a national retrospective cohort of patients with traumatic injuries
Authors: Mateen Bilal A. , Horton Mike , Playford E. Diane
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To determine the psychometric validity, using Rasch analysis, of summing the three constituent parts of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).

Design

National (registry-based) retrospective study.

Setting

England and Wales.

Patients

All individuals who sustained a traumatic injury and were: admitted for more than three days; required critical care resources; transferred for specialist management; or who died from their injuries.

Main outcomes and measures

Demographic information (i.e., age at time of injury, and sex), item sub-scores of the first available GCS (either completed by the attending paramedics or on arrival to hospital), injury severity as denoted by the Injury Severity Scale (ISS), and outcome (survival to hospital discharge or 30-days post-injury, whichever is earliest).

Results

321,203 cases between 2008 and 2017. 55.9% were male, the median age was 62.7 years (IQR 44.2–80.8), the median ISS was 9 (IQR 9 to 17), and 6.6% were deceased at 30 days. The reliability statistics suggest that when the extreme scores (i.e. 3 and 15) are accounted for, that there is only sufficient consistency to support the separation of injuries into 3 broad categories, e.g. mild, moderate and severe. As extreme scores don’t impact Rasch item calibrations, subsequent analysis was restricted to the 48,417 non-extreme unique cases. Overall fit to the Rasch model was poor across all analyses (p < 0.0001). Through a combination of empirical evidence and clinical reasoning, item response categories were collapsed to provide a post-hoc scoring amendment. Whilst the modifications improved the function of the individual items, there is little evidence to support them meaningfully contributing to a total score that can be interpreted on an interval scale.

Conclusion and relevance

The GCS does not perform in a psychometrically robust manner in a national retrospective cohort of individuals who have experienced a traumatic injury, even after post-hoc correction.
Correcting misperceptions of gun policy support can foster intergroup cooperation between gun owners and non-gun owners
Authors: Susmann Mark W. , Dixon Graham N. , Bushman Brad J. , Garrett R. Kelly
Published: June 2022

Past research finds that a majority of gun and non-gun owners support key gun safety policies, yet gun owners tend to underestimate other gun owners’ support for these policies. We predicted that these misperceptions of support might lead gun owners to view non-gun owners as being less similar to themselves, which might undermine intergroup cooperation to promote gun safety policies and fuel intergroup animosity. Importantly, we also predicted that correcting these misperceptions would be an effective way to reduce intergroup division and enhance intergroup cooperation. We tested these predictions across two studies in which participants were randomly assigned to read information designed to correct misperceptions of gun owner support or to read other, control information. Across both studies, we find that correcting gun owners’ misperceptions of gun owner support for gun safety policies leads to greater perceptions of identity overlap between gun and non-gun owners, greater willingness to work with each other to promote gun safety policies, and less negative affect towards each other. This suggests that correcting gun owner misperceptions of gun owners’ support for gun safety policies might be an effective intervention to facilitate intergroup cooperation to promote these policies. Therefore, efforts to promote gun safety policies might benefit from educating gun owners about the degree of support for these policies that already exists among gun owners. Doing so might present a simple and cost-effective way to mobilize gun owners in support of these policies.
Name matters! The cost of having a foreign-sounding name in the Swedish private housing market
Authors: Molla Hemrin , Rhawi Caroline , Lampi Elina
Published: June 2022

Both immigration and a troubling housing deficit have increased rapidly in Sweden over the past 20 years. In this internet-based field experiment, we investigated whether there exists discrimination in the Swedish private rental housing market based on the names of apartment seekers. We used a correspondent test by randomly submitting equivalent applications from four fictitious, highly educated, and seemingly “well-behaved” male applicants in response to a number of randomly selected private housing ads. Each advertising landlord received applications from two applicants with names signaling Swedish, Arab/Muslim, Eastern European, or East Asian ethnicity. Our results show that the person with a name associated with the dominant ethnic group received most callbacks from the landlords, while the persons with Eastern European- and East Asian sounding names, and especially the Arab/Muslim-sounding name, yielded significantly lower callback rates. Moreover, each applicant’s callback rates are about the same regardless of whom he was paired with, reinforcing our result that a person’s name clearly matters when applying for an apartment. The comparisons with previous discrimination research focusing on the Swedish housing market show that the situation for a male person with an Arabic/Muslim-sounding name has at least not improved in Sweden in the past decade.
Development and validation of a case-finding algorithm for the identification of non-small cell lung cancers in a region-wide Italian pathology registry
Authors: Spini Andrea , Rosellini Pietro , Bellan Cristiana , Furiesi Folco , Giorgi Silvano , Donnini Sandra , Gini Rosa , Ziche Marina , Salvo Francesco , Roberto Giuseppe
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To develop and validate a case-finding algorithm for the identification of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cases in a region-wide Italian pathology registry (PR).

Materials and methods

Data collected between 2009 and 2017 in the PR and the Pharmacy Database of the University Hospital of Siena and the PR of Tuscany region were used. A NSCLC-identification algorithm based on free-text keywords and SNOMED morphology and topography codes was designed and tested on data from Siena: indication for drug use (i.e. NSCLC) was the reference standard for sensitivity (SE); positive predictive value (PPV) was estimated through manual review. Algorithm modifications were then tested to improve algorithm performance: PPV was calculated against validated dataset from PR of Siena; a range of SE [min-max] was estimated in PR of Tuscany using analytical formulae that assumed NSCLC incidence equal either to 80% or 90% of overall lung cancer incidence recorded in Tuscany. The algorithm modification with the best performance was chosen as the final version of the algorithm. A random sample of 200 cases was extracted from the PR of Tuscany for manual review.

Results

The first version of the algorithm showed a PPV of 74.7% and SE of 79% in PR of Siena. The final version of the algorithm had a SE in PR of Tuscany that grew with calendar time (2009 = [24.7%-28%]; 2017 = [57.9%-65.1%]) and a PPV of 93%.

Conclusions

The final NSCLC-finding algorithm showed with very high PPV. SE was in line with the expected contribution of PR to overall cases captured in the regional Cancer Registry, with a trend of increase over calendar time. Given the promising algorithm validity and the wide use of SNOMED terminology in electronic pathology records, the proposed algorithm is expected to be easily adapted to other electronic databases for (pharmaco)epidemiology purposes.
Morning light treatment for traumatic stress: The role of amygdala reactivity study protocol
Authors: Cenkner David P. , Burgess Helen J. , Huizenga Brooke , Duval Elizabeth R. , Kim Hyungjin Myra , Phan K. Luan , Liberzon Israel , Klumpp Heide , Abelson James , Horwitz Adam , Mooney Ann , Raglan Greta B. , Zalta Alyson K.
Published: June 2022

Background

Exposure to trauma can result in various mental health disorders including anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies exist for the treatment of these disorders, many individuals fail to receive treatment and among those who do, many remain symptomatic. Therefore, it is critical to continue developing new interventions for traumatic stress that target underlying mechanisms of pathology and offer a safe and acceptable alternative to current treatments. Morning light treatment has good potential as a novel non-invasive, low risk treatment for traumatic stress. Evidence suggests that morning light may improve traumatic stress by reducing reactivity in the amygdala, a brain region implicated in the pathophysiology of PTSD and anatomically linked to circadian photoreceptors in the eye.

Methods

In this study, we aim to establish a significant dose-response relationship between duration of morning light treatment and reduction in amygdala reactivity among individuals with traumatic stress symptoms (NCT# 04117347). Using a transdiagnostic approach, sixty-six individuals with a history of a DSM-5 criterion A trauma and traumatic stress symptoms will be recruited to participate in a 5-week study. Participants will be randomized across three treatment arms based on morning light treatment duration: 15-minutes, 30-minutes, or 60-minutes of light treatment per day for four weeks. To evaluate amygdala activity, participants will undergo fMRI at pre-treatment, mid-treatment, and post-treatment. Participants will also complete clinical assessments and self-report measures of PTSD, depression, and anxiety at pre-treatment, mid-treatment, and post-treatment.

Discussion

Morning light therapy may be an acceptable, feasible, and effective treatment for individuals suffering from traumatic stress. Identifying mechanistically relevant targets, and the doses needed to impact them, are critical steps in developing this new treatment approach for the sequelae of traumatic stress.
Perception of speaker sincerity in complex social interactions by cochlear implant users
Authors: Rothermich Kathrin , Dixon Susannah , Weiner Marti , Capps Madison , Dong Lixue , Paquette Sébastien , Zhou Ning
Published: June 2022

Understanding insincere language (sarcasm and teasing) is a fundamental part of communication and crucial for maintaining social relationships. This can be a challenging task for cochlear implant (CIs) users who receive degraded suprasegmental information important for perceiving a speaker’s attitude. We measured the perception of speaker sincerity (literal positive, literal negative, sarcasm, and teasing) in 16 adults with CIs using an established video inventory. Participants were presented with audio-only and audio-visual social interactions between two people with and without supporting verbal context. They were instructed to describe the content of the conversation and answer whether the speakers meant what they said. Results showed that subjects could not always identify speaker sincerity, even when the content of the conversation was perfectly understood. This deficit was greater for perceiving insincere relative to sincere utterances. Performance improved when additional visual cues or verbal context cues were provided. Subjects who were better at perceiving the content of the interactions in the audio-only condition benefited more from having additional visual cues for judging the speaker’s sincerity, suggesting that the two modalities compete for cognitive recourses. Perception of content also did not correlate with perception of speaker sincerity, suggesting that what was said vs. how it was said were perceived using unrelated segmental versus suprasegmental cues. Our results further showed that subjects who had access to lower-order resolved harmonic information provided by hearing aids in the contralateral ear identified speaker sincerity better than those who used implants alone. These results suggest that measuring speech recognition alone in CI users does not fully describe the outcome. Our findings stress the importance of measuring social communication functions in people with CIs.
Normas regulativas y normas constitutivas en el derecho. Ontología, interpretación y cultura jurídica
Authors: Arriagada Cáceres María Beatriz
Published: June 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es discutir si la conocida distinción entre normas jurídicas regulativas y constitutivas presupone una tesis ontológica descriptiva según la cual en los ordenamientos jurídicos existen normas regulativas y normas constitutivas. La cuestión es relevante porque, si bien se trata de una distinción teórica en el sentido obvio de que ha sido introducida y perfeccionada por teóricos del derecho y es usada por ellos con fines explicativos, de ello no se sigue que sea una mera estipulación. Luego de mostrar que la diferencia ontológica presupuesta en esta distinción ha sido esbozada, aunque no tematizada por Hart, Ross y Alchourrón y Bulygin y de descartar la plausibilidad de tematizarla exclusivamente como un problema de interpretación de textos normativos, argumentaré que la cultura jurídica de los especialistas del derecho es la pieza que permite explicitar la conexión que existe entre las prácticas interpretativas en el derecho, la existencia de normas regulativas y constitutivas y el discurso de los teóricos del derecho. El objetivo propuesto forma parte de uno más amplio: discutir una vez más, pero desde un nuevo ángulo, el papel que, en el conocimiento del derecho, toca a la teoría del derecho.
(Déli) álom és költőavatás az ókori görög irodalomban
Authors: Pataki Elvira
Published: June 2022

A tanulmány a görög költőéletrajzok vallástörténeti és esztétikai szempontból is meghatározó beavatás-elbeszéléseinek tipológiájához szeretne adalékokkal szolgálni, néhány jelentősebb forrás áttekintésével. A Múzsákkal való találkozás tér- és időbeli viszonyai többféle mintázatot követnek, amelyek idővel kontaminálódhatnak. Az archaikus költők (ön)életrajzi hagyományában olvasható, plein air, ébrenléti találkozások mellett a klasszikus kor prózájában megjelennek a zárt, civilizált környezetben, egyszersmind az álom virtuális terében megvalósulók; a hitelkeltés igénye az idő koncentrálását eredményezi (ld. a dél kitüntetett jelentőségét). A Múzsa szerepét a másodlagos, korrekciós jellegű inspiráció-jelenetekben a mű egy kritikusként fellépő szereplője veheti át; az isteni adomány a tudás helyett annak kifejezőeszközében is megnyilvánulhat. E különleges tudástranszfer-narratívák létrejöttét nem csupán a szerzők iránti biografikus érdeklődés magyarázza: az elbeszélésekben költészet és valóság viszonya, a történetmondói önrendelkezés és a közvetítettség problematikája szintén megjelenik.
Digital Droplet PCR for Detection and Quantitation of Hepatitis Delta Virus
Authors: Xu Ling , Zhang Xiangying , Cao Yaling , Fan Zihao , Tian Yuan , Zou Huanbin , Ma Yingmin , Duan Zhongping , Ren Feng
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) far exceeds our expected level. There remains a lack of reliable quantitative assays for HDV RNA detection. We sought to develop a new method based on digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) for HDV quantitative detection.

METHODS:

With plasmid (pMD19T) containing HDV full genome, we determined the method for ddPCR-based HDV RNA quantification. To compare various assays for HDV detection, 30 cases diagnosed with hepatitis D and 14 controls were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), and ddPCR. A total of 728 hepatitis B virus–related patients, including 182 patients with chronic hepatitis B, 182 with liver cirrhosis, 182 with hepatocellular carcinoma, and 182 with liver failure, were screened for HDV infection.

RESULTS:

The detection limit of ddPCR for HDV is significantly low, with lower limit of detection and lower limit of quantitation of 0.29 IU/mL (95% confidence interval: 1.93 × 10−3–1.22 IU/mL) and 8.76 IU/mL (95% confidence interval: 1.83–1.03 × 106 IU/mL), respectively. Among the 44 samples, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detected 30 cases positive, ddPCR reported 24 samples, and RT-PCR reported 10 samples positive for HDV RNA. Moreover, the positive rates of anti-HDV were 1.1%, 3.3%, 2.7%, and 7.1% in patients with chronic hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure, respectively; the detection rates of RT-PCR in HDV RNA were 0%, 16.67%, 15.4%, and 20%, respectively. However, the detection rates of ddPCR were 0%, 33.33%, 30.77%, and 60%, respectively.

DISCUSSION:

We establish a high sensitivity and specificity quantitative HDV RNA detection method based on ddPCR. Hepatitis B virus–related end-stage liver diseases, especially liver failure, are associated with a remarkably high rate of HDV infection.
Diversity of Implicit Premise in Different Academic Major Group －Focusing on the Case of Pre-service Science Teachers' Arguments on Race Concept－
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Jun-Ki Lee , Shin Sein , Hyojeong Hwang
Published: June 2022

Purpose: This study attempted to identify implicit premise that pre-service science teachers potentially assume when judging the concept of race differs between major groups through Aristotle's enthymeme.
Methods: The qualitative questionnaire consisted of two type of questions; true-false and open-ended that asked whether classifying humans into race has biological grounds or not and what the logic for the claim is. Data were collected from 218 pre-service teachers majoring in science at secondary teacher training institute(college of education) and were analyzed qualitatively.
Results: As a result of the study, no difference between major groups was found in judging whether there are biological grounds for human classification by race. However, between the life science major group and the material science major group, the forms of the eliminated major premises were different, and the patterns were also different in the way the arguments were constructed.
Conclusion: This research suggests that even with the same biological knowledge, different classes can be conducted under teachers’ different major premise and also different responses can be presented to students who ask for clarification depending on the teacher's logic. Therefore, it is necessary to educate pre-service science teachers so that they can recognize what omitted major premise they are assuming, and by doing this it should provide an opportunity to encounter the various premise of various people and avoid falling into the risk of holding a potential premise.
KEUNGGULAN METODE DEMONSTRATIF TERHADAP METODE RETORIKA DAN DIALEKTIKA: MENGUAK METODE KRITIK FILSAFAT IBN RUSYD
Authors: Bistara Raha
Published: June 2022

This article shows how the demonstrative method (burhani) is more superior to rhetoric (khatabbi) and dialectic method (jaddali), the use of the demonstrative method is based on the utilization of the mind. Ibn Rusyd stated that the demonstrative method is considered the right method for seeking the answers above the questions on the subject of religion and philosophy. However, it is not amazed Ibn Rusyd used a demonstrative method to criticize the Mutakallimun Ash’ariyah and his followers especially Imam Al-Ghazali. Ibn Rusyd also criticized Ibn sina and Zahiriyah group with the method they used. There was confusion for the answer to who they presented regarding religious and philosophical problems. While there were many problems with their views especially in their books. This article used the library research method which uses literature either in the form of books, or notes from previous research reports. While the sources of this research there are two sources as primary source and secondary sources. This result of this research revealed that Ibn Rushd’s philosophy critical method from authentic sources related to the problem. Although, by the use of  various sources used, it is hoped there will be a new finding related to demonstrative method initiated by Ibn Rushd in refuting the arguments of  rhetorical and dialectical groups which are not deep, explicit, and simple. As well as providing the new formulas that are fresher and more varied concerning the answer about the problems of religion and philosophy.
Peran Tasawuf Di Era Masyarakat Modern "Peluang dan Tantangan”
Authors: Falach Ghulam , Assya’bani Ridhatullah
Published: June 2022

This paper will dissect the role of Sufism in the era of modern society. The era of modernity with all its advances, from the outward side, is sufficient for the life of modern society, while from the spiritual side of modern society there is still a drought of spiritual values, such as the loss of morals, mismatches in the application of science and technology, the decline in the quality of faith, individualistic and materialistic attitudes can be resolved with Sufism with using the method. Until now, Sufism is believed to be able to solve various crises of modern society. Therefore Sufism can be used as a means and fulfillment of human needs from the spiritual side. This modernity has also generated industrialization, science, and technology, which have increasingly influenced life, resulting in a shift in patterns and lifestyles, where moral values, ethics, and teachings began to be abandoned because they were deemed incompatible with modern values. At this point, there is a crisis of existence and spiritual aridity. Through the implementation of Sufism in the modern era, it is very much needed by transforming the understanding of Sufism, not only maqamat and awhile, but modifying Sufism in such a way that it becomes dynamic and open so that it is easily understood and practiced by humans in modern times. Sufism as a means to get closer to God is expected to be able to overcome the spiritual crisis because with its values Sufism can provide a balance in human life. From the results of the analysis, it can be seen that Sufism has a breath of fresh air to overcome the various problems of modern society and to balance between lahiriyah and batiniyah. Also, Sufism becomes important for the life of modern society because Sufism can function as a controller and controller of humans so that the human dimension is not reduced by modernization that directs humans to anomalous values so that it will lead humans to the achievement of moral superiority.
Apologi Teologis atas Ibn'Arabi : Analisis Kritis Kitab Al-Yawaqit wa al-Jawahir fi 'Aqaid al-Akabir Karya Imam Sya'rani
Authors: Zifamina Ikhbar F
Published: June 2022

Ibn ‘Arabi is a great sufi master in the history of Islam that is often misunderstood and revered and yet defended in theological matters. One of the Islamic scholars who defended Ibn ‘Arabi in theological context was Imam Abdul Wahhab Asy-Sya’rani. His book, entitled al-Yawaqit wa al-Jawahir fi Bayan ‘Aqaid al-Akabir, contained a script beetwen kalam and tasawuf especially an apology of Imam Sya’rani that to defense Ibn ‘Arabi according to the Futuhat al-Makkiyyah. This reseacrh focuses on the study of the book by critical analysis of the apology or defense of Imam Sya’rani over Ibn ‘Arabi in theological context, esepecially on the problem of tanzih (trancendece) and tasybih(immanence). The urgency of this study to show the dialectic of both Islamic discourses, kalam and tasawuf, which intertwined with each other and open a dialogue space beetwen of two. Hence, this study uses a theological approach with critical analysis method. The author of the study then found that : First, Al-Yawaqit wa al-Jawahir indicates that Imam Sya’rani in tanzih and tasybih more like a Ibn ‘Arabi’s synthesis or harmonization either. Second, the theological apology of Imam Sya’rani which defense Ibn ‘Arabi is more apologetic and justifical  with  jawab wa su’al response pattern as the mutakallim.
Sufi dan Perempuan: Studi Gerakan Perempuan Hajjah Naziha Adil al-Haqqani
Authors: Munandar Siswoyo Aris
Published: June 2022

The lack of texts about the contribution of female Sufis, but there are several female Sufis who spread the doctrine and practice of Sufism, namely Rabi'ah and Aishah al-Ba'uniyyah are two big names and female Sufis who prove that women have equal opportunities in attainment of spiritual knowledge. Therefore, writers are interested in female Sufis, especially in Western countries, where so far many writers have focused on female Sufis in the eastern world, therefore it is very interesting to discuss about female Sufis in the West, namely Hajjah Naziha, a female Sufi who has a movement. philanthropy at the international level. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach and reviews the literature such as books, journals, articles, and various sources that are relevant to the theme of the discussion in this paper. The results of the study explained that female Sufis namely Hajjah Amina Adil and Hajjah Naziha Adil with their organization called HNCO (Hajjah Naziha Charitable Organization) were involved in philanthropy. The movement has spread its wings to several countries and continues to help the community, especially those who limit the spread of COVID-19.