bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the activity of clinical laboratories in Spain, evolution in the 2019–2021 period
Authors: Lasierra Monclús Ana Belén , González Álvaro , Bernabéu Andreu Francisco A. , Caballé Martín Imma , Buño Soto Antonio , Ibarz Mercè , González Rodríguez Concepción , Puzo Foncillas José
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the activity of clinical laboratories in Spain.

Methods

A descriptive, observational, retrospective, multicenter study.

Results

Between March and December 2020, there was a statistically significant decrease in the number of test requests (−17.7%, p=<0.001) and total tests performed (−18.3%, p<0.001) with respect to the same period in 2019. A decrease was observed in the number of requests from primary care (−37.4%) (p<0.001) and in the number of foecal occult blood (−45.8%); qualitative urine (−30.1%); PSA (−28.5%); TSH (−27.8%); total cholesterol (−27.2%) and HbA1c (−24.7%) tests performed, p<0.001. A significant increase was found in the number of requests from ICUs (76.6%, p<0.001) and number of IL-6 (+22,350.9), D-dimer (+617.2%), troponin (+46.8%) and arterial blood gas (+3.9%) tests carried out, p<0.001. During the first months of 2021, there were significant changes in the number of requests for qualitative urine (−8.7%, p<0.001), PSA (−6.3%, p=0.009), IL-6 (+66,269.2, p<0.001), D-dimer (+603.6%, p<0.001), troponin (+28.7%, p<0.001), arterial blood gas (+26,2%, p=0.014) and ferritin (+16.0%, p=0.002) tests performed.

Conclusions

There were changes in the origin and number of test requested to clinical laboratories in Spain. The number of requests for the evaluation and monitoring of COVID-19 patients increased, whereas requests for the control of non-COVID patients and for population screening decreased. Long-term analysis reveals that the volume of tests performed for the control of chronic diseases returned to normal over time, whereas the increase observed in the volume of tests performed for the management of COVID-19 patients is maintained.
Tu beoð gemæccan: The Key Concept ofMaxims IRepresenting One of the Fundamental Principles of the World Order
Authors: Karasawa Kazutomo
Published: December 2022

The Old English poemMaxims Ihas generally been regarded as a wisdom/catalogue poem listing miscellaneous gnomes without any major structural or thematic unity. It has also been suggested that it actually consists of three separate works, as it is divided into three in the manuscript. Against these views, this article will argue that the poet has a design and purpose in mind, and intends to produce a unified work. In listing gnomes, the poet focusses on good matches of beings or concepts, since well-matched pairs represent one of the fundamental principles in the order of the world in Biblical tradition as well as in the ‘scientific’ tradition of the time that ultimately went back to the ancient Greek theory of quaternity. Near the beginning of the work, the poet actually refers to the principle by the gnometu beoð gemæccan‘two are companions’ (l. 23b), with several clear-cut examples of well-matched pairs of beings or concepts. Various pairings of this type are dealt with throughout the work, and in order to remind the readers of this key concept, the poet inserts multiple series of short and simple gnomes listing good matches in all three parts. By this cumulative process, the poet presents truths, norms, and patterns in the Anglo-Saxon world and locates them in a wider context of the world order established by God the Creator. The thematic unity, as well as lexical, dialectal, and metrical affinities demonstrated in all three parts suggest thatMaxims Iis intended as a unified work. In fact, the three parts seem to have circulated together for a long time even before they were copied into the Exeter Book in the latter half of the tenth century.
Conventions of the Ungendered Narrative
Authors: Bhagirath Jetubhai Khuman , Ghosal Madhumita
Published: December 2022

An ungendered narrative is a work of fiction where the gender of one or more characters remains undisclosed throughout the entire work or a significant portion of it. This lack of gender results in the deconstruction of gender, and the narrative transcends a fixed gender binary. This paper discusses the importance given to characters’ gender in the history of literature as well as the ungendered narrative’s attempt to change this importance by not gendering the characters. In addition, this paper identifies the attributes common to the select ungendered narratives, that is, how ungendered narratives are written (including the stylistic and thematic features authors employ), that may help determine whether a work of literature can be called an ungendered narrative. The ungendered narrative highlights the insignificance of gender in fiction and real life, imploring readers to stop casting judgments based on gender and sexuality, which can lead to violence, trauma, ostracism, and abandonment. This narrative’s strength calls for additional such works, and this paper provides a framework for authors who intend to create them.
Light and Divine Wisdom: An Alternative Interpretation of the Iconography of the Fuller Brooch
Authors: Teresi Loredana
Published: December 2022

The Fuller Brooch is considered the earliest English representation of the five senses. The central character, representing sight, is thought to also hold one or more figurative meanings, linked to ideas and concepts that were current in King Alfred’s cultural context. These figurative meanings were presumably meant to be emphasised and clarified by the two objects this figure is holding. So far, however, these have not been satisfactorily interpreted, with most scholars tentatively identifying them as plants or cornucopias. This study makes a case for these objects to be torches, embodying the concept of light, so central in the theme of theoculi mentis‘eyes of the mind’ and in Alfred’s ideas of wisdom and learning. The relevance of divine light in the Alfredian cultural framework emerges clearly from the translations into English of theSoliloquia, of theConsolatio Philosophiaeand of theRegula pastoralis. Evidence also emerges from the iconography of theinluminatio‘illumination’ of theoculi mentisfor the acquisition of divine wisdom featuring in the Utrecht Psalter (and its later copies), and from the iconographical connection between torches, light and God that can be seen in the historiated initial of one of the hymns of the Durham Hymnal.
Pflicht oder Kür?
Authors: Geisler Felix , Mauk Lena
Published: December 2022

Bei der gesetzlichen Pflichtablieferung von Netzpublikationen kooperiert die Badische Landesbibliothek mit der Württembergischen Landesbibliothek, dem Bibliotheksservice-Zentrum Baden-Württemberg und der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek. Entstanden sind dabei fünf innovative Dienste zur Archivierung von Amtsdruckschriften, E-Books, E-Journals, E-Papers und Websites. Diese ermöglichen es, wesentliche Teile des textbasierten digitalen Kulturerbes aus Baden zu sichern – wir berichten hier über den aktuellen Stand unserer Sammlung.
PHF8 promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in old rat with osteoporosis by regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Pan Feng , Huang Kai , Dai Hongbin , Sha Chunhe
Published: December 2022

Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disorder with a higher incidence in the elderly and has become a major public health concern all over the world. Therefore, it is urgent to investigate the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. In this study, the osteoporosis animal model was established, and then rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) were cultured. The results showed that PHF8 expression was decreased in osteoporosis rats compared to controls. Overexpression of PHF8 promoted BMSC osteogenic differentiation and the expression of osteogenesis-related genes. In addition, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in BMSCs was inhibited in osteoporosis rats, which was rescued by overexpression of PHF8. After treatment with the Wnt pathway antagonist, the improved osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs induced by overexpression of PHF8 was blocked. Collectively, our data revealed that the decreased expression of PHF8 in osteoporosis rats suppressed the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, which was then restored by PHF8 overexpression. Furthermore, the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in BMSCs suppressed osteogenic differentiation. Thus, these findings indicated that PHF8 plays a role in osteogenic differentiation through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Serial measurement of circulating calprotectin as a prognostic biomarker in COVID-19 patients in intensive care setting
Authors: Nevejan Louis , Strypens Thomas , Van Nieuwenhove Mathias , Boel An , Cattoir Lien , Van Vaerenbergh Kristien , Meeus Peter , Bossuyt Xavier , De Neve Nikolaas , Van Hoovels Lieve
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Circulating calprotectin (cCLP) has been shown to be a promising prognostic marker for COVID-19 severity. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of serial measurements of cCLP in COVID-19 patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

From November 2020 to May 2021, patients with COVID-19, admitted at the ICU of the OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium, were prospectively included. For sixty-six (66) patients, blood samples were collected at admission and subsequently every 48 h during ICU stay. On every sample (total n=301), a cCLP (EliA™ Calprotectin 2, Phadia 200, Thermo Fisher Scientific; serum/plasma protocol (for Research Use Only, -RUO-) and C-reactive protein (CRP; cobas c501/c503, Roche Diagnostics) analysis were performed. Linear mixed models were used to associate biomarkers levels with mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, length of stay at ICU (LOS-ICU) and medication use (antibiotics, corticosteroids, antiviral and immune suppressant/modulatory drugs).

Results

Longitudinally higher levels of all biomarkers were associated with LOS-ICU and with the need for mechanical ventilation. Medication use and LOS-ICU were not associated with variations in cCLP and CRP levels. cCLP levels increased significantly during ICU hospitalization in the deceased group (n=21/66) but decreased in the non-deceased group (n=45/66). In contrast, CRP levels decreased non-significantly in both patient groups, although significantly longitudinally higher CRP levels were obtained in the deceased subgroup.

Conclusions

Serial measurements of cCLP provides prognostic information which can be useful to guide clinical management of COVID-19 patients in ICU setting.
The native speaker teacher. Theoretical considerations and practical implications
Authors: Christiansen Thomas Wulstan
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we will examine the problematic concept of the native speaker, which is central to much linguistic theory, to studies of language acquisition, and to language teaching and assessment. It is a notion which can have ramifications when it comes to the recruitment of language teachers in schools and in university language centres. Often, in private language schools or in the case of language assistants in university language centres and in state schools, whether applicants can describe themselves as native speakers may even determine the fact that they are considered as qualified for a position. In recent years in many areas of linguistic research, the relevance of the native speaker has been increasingly questioned. In the case of international lingua francas, such as English, it has been argued that the contribution of non-native speakers is not to be underestimated (Kachru 1985, Seidlhofer 2005, 2011). Problems regarding the status of native speaker arise within the specific context of language teaching because the concept itself is often conflated with other issues such as language competence and the questionable advocacy of the so-called direct method. In this paper, we will look at the fundamental differences between native and non-native speakers and the place of each on assessment scales such as the CEFR (Council of Europe 2001). We will examine the arguments that have been made against treating the native speaker as the only legitimate point of reference for language teaching and assessment (Cook 1999, Rinvolucri 2001, Graddol 2007). We will also comment on the role of the native speaker in language teaching.
Bibliographical review on sustainable literacy in language learning and teaching
Authors: Molina Pilar
Published: December 2022

Sustainable literacy in language learning and teaching is a relatively new area of research. The majority of volumes and articles have been published since 2010. This bibliographical review traces the main factors influencing the development of sustainable literacy in foreign language (FL) learning and teaching: ecolinguistics, the ecology movement, and environmental humanities. The author delves into the origins of education for sustainable development (ESD) in FL teaching and highlights the impact that American FL academics have had in enhancing ESD through curricular and module design. This teaching and learning enhancement is connected with the publication of the Modern Languages Association report in 2007, which called for the renovation of FL education in Higher Education due to a decrease in the number of students interested in learning languages. The article continues with a description of the main common features among the main publications. The bibliographical review ends outlining the two main edited volumes in this field.
Ethics, Dialogue and English as a Lingua Franca for ESD in Higher Education
Authors: Hämäläinen Mirja
Published: December 2022

The urgency for education to participate in the plan of action of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SD) poses challenges to language education in university language centers. This paper discusses the potential of Higher Education (HE) language center courses to provide students with the knowledge and skills of inclusive, respectful, and equal communication needed in promoting SD and global citizenship. Education for sustainable development (ESD) in language teaching often focuses on integrating the content of SD topics into the language course. This paper focuses on the skills dimension and reports on a case study of a dialogue approach, a pedagogical method that could be central in ESD. A two-credit optional B2-C1 CEFR level university English course with the name Dialogue: Constructive Talk at Work is described to give a practical example of how to bring ethical thinking and interaction into an HE language classroom, by introducing the ethical concepts of Bohmian dialogue to students, and by creating a safe place for them to practice ethical dialogue through English as a lingua franca (ELF). The reflections of one group for this case study were analyzed to show how a dialogue approach to teaching ethical communication, interaction and collaboration can raise students’ awareness of using ELF in ethical dialogue and perhaps transform their ways of thinking and interacting. The student reflections showed that the pedagogical dialogue method has potential in developing abilities needed in ESD as well as in working life.
Reducing surface heat loss in steam boilers
Authors: Savaş Ahmet Fevzi , Kocabaş Ceyda
Published: December 2022

In this study, heat losses occurring on the outer surface of a steam boiler used in the distillation process in a textile company are discussed in detail. All surfaces of the boiler were scanned with a thermal camera to determine the non-insulated or poorly insulated areas. By drawing the schematic image of the boiler, the side surfaces, front cover, back cover, and parts of the smoke pipe were shown in different colors, and the temperature distributions in different parts of the boiler were revealed. Although most of the heat loss occurs on the side surfaces of the boiler, it was observed that these surfaces were already insulated. For this reason, a Pareto diagram was prepared according to the surface temperature to get an idea about where to start the improvement studies. Especially on the front and back cover surfaces, high-temperature values were measured and, it was determined that the heat loss on these surfaces was also at high levels. It was suggested that high-temperature surfaces should be covered with insulating jackets and pads, and sample applications were shown. The energy savings to be achieved and the payback period of the investment was revealed.
Zirconium-modified attapulgite was used for removing of Cr(vi) in aqueous solution
Authors: Liu Yani , Xu Lei , Wang Qingyun , Zou Tong , Cao Cheng , Fang Qiqi , Zhang Nan , Wang Yongcheng
Published: December 2022

This work fabricated the zirconium-modified attapulgite (Zr@ATP) for removing Cr(vi) ions in aqueous solutions. According to X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, TEM, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses, Zr was successfully grafted onto the attapulgite rod surface. Cr(vi) adsorption onto Zr@ATP surface fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, which suggested that the adsorption is primarily chemisorption. When the pH of the aqueous solution is 3, Zr@ATP achieved the highest Cr(vi) absorption, of about 32.84 mg/g. Density functional theory studies revealed that the hydroxyl functional group introduced through the modification process supplies more active sites to form the hydrogen bond with

CrO

4

2
−

{\text{CrO}}_{4}^{2-}

and

HCrO

4

−

{\text{HCrO}}_{4}^{-}

.
Deriving rainfall intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves and testing the best distribution using EasyFit software 5.5 for Kut city, Iraq
Authors: Shamkhi Mohammed S. , Azeez Marwaa K. , Obeid Zahraa H.
Published: December 2022

The intensity of rainfall can be considered as an essential factor in designing and operating hydraulic structures. The intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curve is used for designing hydraulic projects such as drainage networks, road culverts, bridges, and many other hydraulic structures. In the field of water resources engineering, IDF curve is dependent widely on the plan, designing, and operating the project. Additionally, it can be used for different flood engineering structures. The purpose of this research is to get the frequency of the intensity of rain duration for Al KUTcity, Iraq, and find curves. Three essential techniques of frequency analysis (Gumbel distribution, lognormal, and log Pearson Type III) were depended to formulate this relationship based on data of rainfall intensity during the period between 1992 and 2019. Distribution methods involving lognormal, Gumbel, and log Pearson Type III were applied by Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) for short periods of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 6, 12, and 24 h with 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years return periods. The results showed that rainfall intensity reduced as the duration of the storm increased, and if the return period of the rainfall was large, rainfall of any specific duration showed a higher intensity. Using EasyFit 5.5 software, for all durations, the lognormal probability distribution showed the best fit for the data group and estimated intensities of precipitation for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years. According to the obtained results, one can notice that the intensity of rainfall increased with the increment in return periods, but decreased with the increment in duration. The resulting IDF models could be used to improve accuracy and results.
Designing of a dual-functional XOR block in QCA technology
Authors: Salih Bassam A. , Majeed Ali H. , Aldhalemi Alaa A.
Published: December 2022

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technology was proposed as a way to implement digital circuits with a transistorless approach for overcoming CMOS limitations in terms of short channel effects and scale-down continuity. The main building block in QCA technology is the square cell with a couple of free movement electrons, the electrons’ configuration inside the cell gives the cell the ability to represent binary information. Researchers were attracted to QCA because of its impressive features such as size and speed. Many important circuits, such as multiplexers and exclusive-OR, were presented in QCA technology with various layouts, looking for reducing the main metrics such as cell count, area, and implementation cost. In this work, a dual functional XOR block is proposed. The proposed block can function as a 2-input XOR or a 3-input XOR, providing greater flexibility. When compared to earlier 3-input XOR gates that did not have the dual function, the results show a significant improvement in cell count, area, and cost of about 7%, 50%, and 54%, respectively. The QCADesigner software is used to design the block as well as for verification issues.
Bayesian learners in gradient boosting for linear mixed models
Authors: Zhang Boyao , Griesbach Colin , Bergherr Elisabeth
Published: December 2022

Selection of relevant fixed and random effects without prior choices made from possibly insufficient theory is important in mixed models. Inference with current boosting techniques suffers from biased estimates of random effects and the inflexibility of random effects selection. This paper proposes a new inference method “BayesBoost” that integrates a Bayesian learner into gradient boosting with simultaneous estimation and selection of fixed and random effects in linear mixed models. The method introduces a novel selection strategy for random effects, which allows for computationally fast selection of random slopes even in high-dimensional data structures. Additionally, the new method not only overcomes the shortcomings of Bayesian inference in giving precise and unambiguous guidelines for the selection of covariates by benefiting from boosting techniques, but also provides Bayesian ways to construct estimators for the precision of parameters such as variance components or credible intervals, which are not available in conventional boosting frameworks. The effectiveness of the new approach can be observed via simulation and in a real-world application.
Bertrand de Jouvenel’s Philosophy of Individual Liberty
Authors: Honeycutt Kevin S.
Published: December 2022

I examine Bertrand de Jouvenel’s understanding of individual liberty as it develops in his three postwar works of political philosophy: On Power, Sovereignty, and The Pure Theory of Politics. In doing so, I shed new light on his place in the French tradition of liberty.
Performance analysis of different rating of pumping for thulium doped hybrid optical amplifier for SD-WDM system
Authors: Kumar Ghanendra , Kumar Chakresh
Published: December 2022

In this paper, impact of thulium doped optical amplifier with RAMAN-EDFA hybrid optical amplifier (HOA) has been evaluated for super dense optical communication. Further, suitable power amplification has maintained with the support of proposed triple pump power of 1050, 850, and 800 nm for getting the desired outcome in terms of gain and noise figure for the transmission distance of 150 km.
The Nusantara Capital City Project: Why Development and Human Rights Do Not Always Mix
Authors: Buana Mirza Satria , Listiningrum Prischa , Nugroho Prasetyo Adi , Marbun Ade Angelia Yusniar
Published: December 2022

This article examines the Nusantara capital city project and its sociological impact on individuals and groups’ rights in the East Kalimantan regions of Penajam Paser Utara (PPU) and Kutai Kartanegara. The Nusantara Act was enacted to legalize the building of this mega-project and was finalized within a period of only 43 days. Thus, the legitimation of the Act is contentious. It is predicted that there will be widespread political, cultural, environmental and economic effects that will be likely to affect society in general and marginalized groups in particular. It raises two important questions, “what are the public rights that could potentially be breached by the Nusantara development project?” and “Is it possible to identify the influence of national and local elites on the process of promoting and legitimizing the Nusantara Act?” This article describes the concept of Nusantara as stipulated in the Act, which is linked to human rights values that are specifically related to the right to development. Based on the mentioned framework, this article finds evidence of autocratic practices in terms of the government’s efforts to acquire land for the project. It has been found that these dictatorial practices have been exacerbated by ‘cooperation’ with extractive industries and local elites. As a result, indigenous groups and the local communities in the area have suffered a loss of autonomy and land rights due to lack of legal protection within the Act.
Zur Übersetzbarkeit der Abtönungspartikel doch ins Albanische
Authors: Hamiti Vjosa , Ismajli Blertë
Published: December 2022

The translation of German modal particles into other languages, especially those poorer in particles, such as the Albanian language, is a challenging enterprise. Their meaning depends heavily on the context. Different meanings have been recorded in the literature: marking what is said as true or known to the listener (Thurmair 1989, Schoonjans 2013, 2018), further nuances such as justification/explanation, reproach, admission, surprise, etc. (see Feyrer 1998, Schoonjans 2013, Müller 2014). The dependency on context and the wide range of meanings make particles an interesting object of investigation in contrastive linguistics and in translation studies, where one investigates the question of the equivalent linguistic means or the translation strategies to be employed. This article examines the translatability of the modal particle doch from German into Albanian. On the basis of the corpus examination, it should be determined to what extent the modal particle doch or the modal nuances expressed through it have been transferred into Albanian. Since modal particles feature mainly in spoken language – but there is no such translated corpus from German into Albanian – a corpus of 692 occurrences of spoken language rendered in literature (short and long fiction, drama) has been compiled for this study, collected from various literary works. They are divided into four groups according to the translation strategies used: omission, transposition, paraphrasing, word-for-word translations. This research study confirms the results of other studies, which show that in almost 50 % of the cases modal particles are not translated, which impacts the quality of translation. If particles are translated, then in the majority of cases the translation strategy of transposition is used, followed by paraphrasing and, only in a small fraction of translations, a word-for-word translation strategy is used.
Integrating professional machine translation literacy and data literacy
Authors: Krüger Ralph
Published: December 2022

The data-driven paradigm of neural machine translation is a powerful translation technology based on state-of-the art approaches in artificial intelligence research. This technology is employed extensively in the professional translation process, requiring an adequate degree of machine translation literacy on the part of professional translators. At the same time, the increasing datafication to be observed in modern society – both in private as well as in professional contexts – contributes to the rise in prominence of another digital literacy, i. e., data literacy, which is also of high relevance with regard to data-driven machine translation. The present paper analyses and discusses in detail the individual dimensions and subdimensions of professional machine translation literacy and data literacy and attempts to integrate the two concepts. It thereby lays the theoretical foundation for a didactic project concerned with teaching data literacy in its machine translation-specific form to students in the fields of translation and specialised communication studies.
From Foragers to Fisher-Farmers: How the Neolithisation Process Affected Coastal Fisheries in Scandinavia
Authors: Nielsen Svein Vatsvåg
Published: December 2022

The Neolithisation process altered human dependence on wild food sources, and dominant models of the Neolithic transition in Scandinavia still focus on cultural divisions. This study emphasises the evidence of creolization processes, in particular the exploitation of Atlantic Bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) among Neolithic fisher-farmers north and east of the Skagerrak Sea in Scandinavia (4000–2350 cal BCE). The site Jortveit in Southern Norway, where Bluefin tuna was caught with toggling harpoons, is used as a point of departure. In order to understand this phenomenon, the first empirical review of prehistoric toggling harpoons in Central and Eastern Europe is presented. Toggling harpoons first appeared in the late Vinĉa Culture, then in the Gumelniţa, Cucuteni-Trypillia, and Sredny Stog cultural complexes further east, and finally in Central Europe and Scandinavia during the time of the Funnel Beaker Culture. Considering the accumulated evidence of long distance contact from Eastern to Central Europe and Scandinavia in the early fourth millennium BCE, it is argued that toggling harpoon technology was distributed through trade networks. Its appearance around the Skagerrak Sea in the Neolithic reflects fisher-farmers using a creolized fishing technology, inspired by Eneolithic societies.
¿Coger con las manos en la masa es una locución o una colocación?
Authors: Dal Maso Elena
Published: December 2022

This article aims at presenting a lexicographical proposal focused on Spanish expressions that are made up of a verb and an adverbial idiom (e.g. dormir a pierna suelta, estar hasta los pelos, luchar/defender a brazo partido, reír a mandíbula batiente and ver/mirar con buenos ojos). These polilexical units have been defined by several linguists as complex collocations (e.g. Barrios Rodríguez 2015; García-Page Sánchez 2004, 2013; Koike 2001, 2005; Penadés Martínez 2017). Monolingual and bilingual dictionaries, as well as dictionaries of idioms, have managed these units in different ways. In fact, they are sometimes labelled as verbal idioms, and other times as adverbial ones.

Considering these facts, this paper proposes a taxonomy for the Diccionario fraseológico multilingüe digital (DFMD), a digital multilingual dictionary of idioms currently being compiled at the Ca’ Foscari University of Venice. Our proposal is based on the comparison between the lexicographical data currently available on the one hand, and the information that can be obtained from the academic corpus CORPES XXI on the other. As a result of this comparison, we identify four classes of possible relations between adverbial idioms and verbs that precede them. For each of these relationships, we suggest an ad hoc lemmatization, the purpose of which is to encourage the development of users’ phraseological competence by providing them with clear, reliable and easy-to-use information.

As a result, in the following sections we introduce, firstly, the state of the art concerning complex collocations (Section 1) and, secondly, the corpus collected and the parameters adopted for its selection and analysis (Section 2). Later, we describe our lexicographical proposal and its application to the DFMD by offering some examples of records for the Spanish-Italian / Italian-Spanish repertoire (Section 3). Finally, we infer some conclusions and food for thought for future investigations (Section 4).
Lexical bundles in the academic writing of the Arts and Humanities: from corpus to CALL
Authors: O’Flynn James
Published: December 2022

Lexical bundles are highly frequent and functionally significant in written academic discourse. Many studies have explored lexical bundles through a disciplinary lens, but their findings are not typically incorporated into published L2 teaching-learning materials. As a result, there are a number of challenges facing teachers who want to include a focus on disciplinary lexical bundles in their academic writing instruction at tertiary level. This paper describes a method for deriving a functional list of disciplinary lexical bundles from a corpus of academic writing, and then discusses the results quantitatively and qualitatively. The findings suggest that a small number of bundles (n=47) occur across genres, levels and institutions in the academic writing of the Arts and Humanities disciplines. Finally, a series of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) resources are presented, including a tool for finding the bundles in academic texts. The functional list and resources will be of interest to those involved in the teaching-learning of academic writing in the Arts and Humanities disciplines.
Metalinguistic activities as a focus of sociolinguistic research: Language Management Theory, its potential, and fields of application
Authors: Dovalil Vít
Published: December 2022

The paper aims at identifying common features in various fields of sociolinguistic research which would help rationalize methodological procedures and increase their efficiency. To this end, the paper discusses Language Management Theory, which focuses on the metalinguistic activities or behavior toward language of various social actors. Such metalinguistic activities represent a common denominator interconnecting seemingly heterogeneous fields of sociolinguistic research. The paper considers the possibilities of connecting such fields in various research areas. These include processes of language standardization and destandardization, the establishment of pluricentric standards, language attitudes research, the conceptualization of descriptive versus prescriptive linguistics, gender-related issues, language law, the management of multilingualism, and efforts aimed at strengthening the status of a language in a state or international organization. The discussion focuses on phenomena of agency, processes of the behavior toward language, the interconnection of the micro and macro levels of these processes, and the need to take socio-cultural, communicative as well as linguistic dimensions into consideration. Such a synthetic perspective would help generate and answer new fruitful research questions.
Esketamine improves propofol-induced brain injury and cognitive impairment in rats
Authors: Xu Guiping , Wang Yang , Chen Zhe , Zhang Yuxuan , Zhang Xuexue , Zhang Guichao
Published: December 2022

As an intravenous anesthetic, propofol has been indicated to induce neurotoxicity in both animal and human brains. It is of great significance to better understand the potential mechanism of propofol-induced neurotoxicity to eliminate the side effects of propofol. Esketamine is a sedative that has been proven to have an antidepressant effect. However, its effect on propofol-induced neurotoxicity and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the role of esketamine in propofol-induced brain injury. A rat model of propofol-induced brain injury was established with or without the treatment of esketamine. The results demonstrated that propofol-induced impairment in spatial learning and memory of rats and promoted oxidative stress, neuronal injury and apoptosis in rat hippocampal tissues. The effects caused by propofol were attenuated by esketamine. Esketamine activated the mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin receptor kinase B/phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (mBDNF/TrkB/PI3K) signaling pathway in propofol-administrated rats. Moreover, knocking down BDNF partially reversed esketamine-mediated activation of the mBDNF/TrkB/PI3K signaling pathway and inhibition of neuronal apoptosis in propofol-induced rats. Overall, esketamine mitigates propofol-induced cognitive dysfunction and brain injury in rats by activating mBDNF/TrkB/PI3K signaling.
The Angiotensin Antagonist Losartan Modulates Social Reward Motivation and Punishment Sensitivity via Modulating Midbrain-Striato-Frontal Circuits
Authors: Zhou Xinqi , Xu Ting , Zeng Yixu , Zhang Ran , Qi Ziyu , Zhao Weihua , Kendrick Keith M. , Becker Benjamin
Published: December 2022

Social deficits and dysregulations in dopaminergic midbrain-striato-frontal circuits represent transdiagnostic symptoms across psychiatric disorders. Animal models suggest that interactions between the dopamine (DA) and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may modulate learning and reward-related processes. The present study therefore examined the behavioral and neural effects of the Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonist losartan on social reward and punishment processing in humans. A preregistered randomized double-blind placebo-controlled between-subject pharmacological design was combined with a social incentive delay (SID) functional MRI (fMRI) paradigm during which subjects could avoid social punishment or gain social reward. Healthy volunteers received a single-dose of losartan (50 mg,n= 43, female = 17) or placebo (n= 44, female = 20). We evaluated reaction times (RTs) and emotional ratings as behavioral and activation and functional connectivity as neural outcomes. Relative to placebo, losartan modulated the reaction time and arousal differences between social punishment and social reward. On the neural level the losartan-enhanced motivational salience of social rewards was accompanied by stronger ventral striatum-prefrontal connectivity during reward anticipation. Losartan increased the reward-neutral difference in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and attenuated VTA associated connectivity with the bilateral insula in response to punishment during the outcome phase. Thus, losartan modulated approach-avoidance motivation and emotional salience during social punishment versus social reward via modulating distinct core nodes of the midbrain-striato-frontal circuits. The findings document a modulatory role of the renin-angiotensin system in these circuits and associated social processes, suggesting a promising treatment target to alleviate social dysregulations.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSocial deficits and anhedonia characterize several mental disorders and have been linked to the midbrain-striato-frontal circuits of the brain. Based on initial findings from animal models we here combine the pharmacological blockade of the Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) via losartan with functional MRI (fMRI) to demonstrate that AT1R blockade enhances the motivational salience of social rewards and attenuates the negative impact of social punishment via modulating the communication in the midbrain-striato-frontal circuits in humans. The findings demonstrate for the first time an important role of the AT1R in social reward processing in humans and render the AT1R as promising novel treatment target for social and motivational deficits in mental disorders.
The Haunted Classroom
Authors: Gratch Ariel
Published: December 2022

Through critical autoethnography and personal narrative, this essay traces the academic and professional path of a first-generation student who grew up in an abusive household. The metaphor of “haunting” is used to explain the long-term psychosocial effects of intimate abuse. The author posits that teaching activities that acknowledge the ghosts of the past can help students recognize within themselves and others their own complex personhood. By approaching the classroom through a lens of haunting, the teacher can maintain a critical distance to their students that may help teachers better address student needs.
Incomplete Pericardial Dissection, Fluid Overload, Delayed Diagnosis And Treatment, And Tuberculosis Pericarditis Are Associated With Low Cardiac Output Syndrome Following Pericardiectomy
Authors: Huang Jing-bin , Wen Zhao-ke , Yang Jian-rong , Li Jun-jun , Li Min , Lu Chang-chao , Liang Da-ying , Wei Cheng-xin
Published: December 2022

Background: We aimed to investigate risk factors of LCOS following pericardiectomy.
Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients undergoing pericardiectomy at three hospitals between January 1994 and May 2021.
Results: A total of 826 patients were divided into two groups: group with LCOS (N = 126) and group without LCOS (N = 700). The incidence of postoperative LCOS was 15.3%. There were 66 operative deaths (8.0%). Univariable and multivariable analyses showed that factors are associated with LCOS, including postoperative LVEDD (P < 0.001), preoperative LVEDD (P < 0.001), time between symptoms and surgery (P < 0.001), thickness of pericardium (P < 0.001), intubation time (P = 0.002), hospitalized time postoperative (P < 0.001), preoperative central venous pressure (P = 0.016), postoperative central venous pressure (P = 0.034), D0 fluid balance (P = 0.019), D2 fluid balance (P = 0.017), postoperative chest drainage (P < 0.001), surgical duration (P < 0.001), bleeding during operation (P = 0.001), serum creatinine 24h after surgery (P < 0.001), serum creatinine 48h after surgery (P = 0.017), fresh-frozen plasma (P = 0.005), packed red cells (P = 0.006), and tuberculosis pericarditis (P = 0.026).
Conclusion: In our study, incomplete pericardial dissection, fluid overload, delayed diagnosis and treatment, and tuberculosis pericarditis are associated with LCOS following pericardiectomy.
Analysis of Influencing Factors of Surgical Options for Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease Complicated with Moderate Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Lu Zhuangzhuang , Bai Xiao , Song Guangmin
Published: December 2022

Background: There are several controversies regarding the surgical approach for patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAHD) complicated with moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR).
Methods: A retrospective study was performed among 115 patients divided into two groups. Clinical and echocardiographic parameters, including perioperative indexes and follow ups, degree of stenosis in the coronary arteries, and cardiac function index, were analyzed. Patients who died in the hospital due to complications during the perioperative period were defined as the deterioration group (deterioration of coronary artery bypass grafting, CABG vs. deterioration of coronary artery bypass grafting combined with mitral valve surgery, CABG+MVS: N = 7, 58.3% vs. N = 5, 41.7%), whereas the remaining patients were defined as the rehabilitation group (rehabilitation of CABG vs. rehabilitation of CABG+MVS: N = 52, 50.5% vs. N = 51, 49.5%). Data were compared between the rehabilitation of the CABG and CABG+MVS groups to explore the predictors for surgical method selection.
Results: Postoperative patients who died during hospitalization were excluded (N = 12). At 1-year follow up, there were 52 patients in the CABG rehabilitation group and 51 in the CABG+MVS rehabilitation group. During the follow-up period, 10 patients died (rehabilitation of CABG vs. rehabilitation of CABG+MVS: N = 7, 13.7% vs. N = 3, 5.8%). Nevertheless, the difference was not statistically significant. The logistic regression analysis identified four independent factors when choosing the surgical modality: prior-myocardial infarction (prior-MI), preoperative atrial fibrillation (pre-AF), and the stenotic degree of the left circumflex (LCX) and left main (LM) arteries.
Conclusions: Prior-MI, pre-AF, and the degree of stenosis in LCX and LM could influence the choice of surgical method. This study provided new insights into the treatment of CAHD with moderate IMR.
Mpox in Children and Adolescents: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Beeson Amy M. , Haston Julia , McCormick David W. , Reynolds Mary , Chatham-Stephens Kevin , McCollum Andrea M. , Godfred-Cato Shana
Published: December 2022

Although mpox is rare among children in the United States, pediatric cases are being reported during the 2022 multinational mpox outbreak. Vaccines and antiviral medications developed for other orthopoxviruses have recently become widely used to prevent and treat mpox in both children and adults in the United States. Although scientific literature regarding mpox in children and adolescents is scant, prior case reports can provide valuable information about the clinical features and potential complications of untreated clade II mpox in these age groups. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology and clinical features of mpox in children and adolescents and provide recommendations for clinicians regarding its diagnosis, management, and prevention. Robust, dedicated surveillance of pediatric exposures and cases in the current outbreak, including the use of vaccines and therapeutics, are needed to guide clinical management and public health strategies.
Modeling of the large Miocene epithermal and porphyry gold deposits of Colombia using Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Velasquez Ruiz Felipe , Martínez Juan Camilo , Tobón Acevedo Alejandra , Yepes Metaute Alejandra , Zapata Angélica María , Cataño Salas Diana Paulina
Published: December 2022

The Cauca metallogenic belt is an inter-Andean area located along the Cauca-Romeral fault zone, which is made up of a group of twelve Miocene magmatic-hydrothermal Au-Ag-Cu mineral deposits positioned between the Western and Central Cordillera of Colombia. In addition to being a widely developed region in exploration and exploitation with known Au endowments of over 1,700 tons, this area represents an exceptional metallogenetic laboratory for modeling a typical Andean-type mineralization from a calc-alkaline source with high Sr/Y ratios. Efficiency processes such as ion and halogen transport, oxygen fugacity and sulfur content have been extensively studied with a geochemical approach; however, the quantification and modeling of these efficiency processes currently debated. Through multiple iterations using Monte Carlo simulations (N > 2 million), the modeled reservoirs corresponding to the upper crust, using a high flux of dacitic magma of 0.007 km3/year and efficiencies of 1 – 2 %, showed that gold endowments bear heavily with magmatic and hydrothermal Au deposits in the Cauca Metallogenic Belt. Outcomes including Au endowments up to 1,000 tons can be obtained for reservoirs below 400 km3 of hydrous melt in brief mineralization intervals between 40 to 120 ka and for volumes of 400 to 800 km3 in a 120 to 200 ka window. In contrast, the hypothetical reservoirs for the lower and middle crust, through a basaltic calc-alkaline magma flux between 0.0007 and 0.0011 km3/year, an efficiency of ~0.7%, and pressures below 5 kbar, showed sufficient available content of exsolvable H2O and gold to feed the reservoirs in the upper crust or to generate gold deposits from them, but in longer time intervals (>1 Ma).
Runoff Curve Number (CN model) Evaluation Under Tropical Conditions
Authors: Calero Mosquera Daniela , Hoyos Villada Fanny , Torres Prieto Enrique A.
Published: December 2022

In tropical countries the Curve Number method (CN) of the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) is widely used in civil engineering (to calculate drainage infrastructure) as well as in agricultural and environmental studies. However, little is known about the accuracy of CN method in tropical watersheds. To reveal the CN method accuracy, this study compares the CN method results with field data measured in an Andean micro watershed. For this, CN values for the tropical micro watershed "La Vega" were identified using the tables proposed by the SCS and its respective moisture and slope corrections (CNAMC2S); subsequently CN values were derived from 55 events (CNQ) in which runoff and rainfall were measured. It was observed a different of 27% between CNQ and CNAMC2S (CNQ = 80, CNAMC2S 58.1). According to that, the data shows that in the tropical micro watershed evaluated in this study, the SCS method overestimated runoff. The CN model of the SCS is strongly influenced by the antecedent humidity and its impact becomes stronger after high rainfalls records; however, the antecedent humidity influence was not observed in measured runoff data. Despite the CN – SCS model did not present a relationship between CN and precipitation, this relationship was observed in measure data. This study shows that CN method has some inaccuracies and it requires further studies to know its applicability in tropical conditions.