bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unassisted selective solar hydrogen peroxide production by an oxidised buckypaper-integrated perovskite photocathode
Authors: Mehrotra Rashmi , Oh Dongrak , Jang Ji-Wook
Published: November 2021

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an eco-friendly oxidant and a promising energy source possessing comparable energy density to that of compressed H2. The current H2O2 production strategies mostly depend on the anthraquinone oxidation process, which requires significant energy and numerous organic chemicals. Photocatalyst-based solar H2O2 production comprises single-step O2 reduction to H2O2, which is a simple and eco-friendly method. However, the solar-to-H2O2 conversion efficiency is limited by the low performance of the inorganic semiconductor-based photoelectrodes and low selectivity and stability of the H2O2 production electrocatalyst. Herein, we demonstrate unassisted solar H2O2 production using an oxidised buckypaper as the H2O2 electrocatalyst combined with a high-performance inorganic-organic hybrid (perovskite) photocathode, without the need for additional bias or sacrificial agents. This integrated photoelectrode system shows 100% selectivity toward H2O2 and a solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency of ~1.463%.
Structures of prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein Pup in complex with depupylase Dop reveal the mechanism of catalytic phosphate formation
Authors: Cui Hengjun , Müller Andreas U. , Leibundgut Marc , Tian Jiawen , Ban Nenad , Weber-Ban Eilika
Published: November 2021

Pupylation is the post-translational modification of lysine side chains with prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein (Pup) that targets proteins for proteasomal degradation in mycobacteria and other members of Actinobacteria. Pup ligase PafA and depupylase Dop are the two enzymes acting in this pathway. Although they share close structural and sequence homology indicative of a common evolutionary origin, they catalyze opposing reactions. Here, we report a series of high-resolution crystal structures of Dop in different functional states along the reaction pathway, including Pup-bound states in distinct conformations. In combination with biochemical analysis, the structures explain the role of the C-terminal residue of Pup in ATP hydrolysis, the process that generates the catalytic phosphate in the active site, and suggest a role for the Dop-loop as an allosteric sensor for Pup-binding and ATP cleavage.
Mechanical forces drive a reorientation cascade leading to biofilm self-patterning
Authors: Nijjer Japinder , Li Changhao , Zhang Qiuting , Lu Haoran , Zhang Sulin , Yan Jing
Published: November 2021

In growing active matter systems, a large collection of engineered or living autonomous units metabolize free energy and create order at different length scales as they proliferate and migrate collectively. One such example is bacterial biofilms, surface-attached aggregates of bacterial cells embedded in an extracellular matrix that can exhibit community-scale orientational order. However, how bacterial growth coordinates with cell-surface interactions to create distinctive, long-range order during biofilm development remains elusive. Here we report a collective cell reorientation cascade in growingVibrio choleraebiofilms that leads to a differentially ordered, spatiotemporally coupled core-rim structure reminiscent of a blooming aster. Cell verticalization in the core leads to a pattern of differential growth that drives radial alignment of the cells in the rim, while the growing rim generates compressive stresses that expand the verticalized core. Such self-patterning disappears in nonadherent mutants but can be restored through opto-manipulation of growth. Agent-based simulations and two-phase active nematic modeling jointly reveal the strong interdependence of the driving forces underlying the differential ordering. Our findings offer insight into the developmental processes that shape bacterial communities and provide ways to engineer phenotypes and functions in living active matter.
Optical emissions associated with narrow bipolar events from thunderstorm clouds penetrating into the stratosphere
Authors: Liu Feifan , Lu Gaopeng , Neubert Torsten , Lei Jiuhou , Chanrion Oliver , Østgaard Nikolai , Li Dongshuai , Luque Alejandro , Gordillo-Vázquez Francisco J. , Reglero Victor , Lyu Weitao , Zhu Baoyou
Published: November 2021

Narrow bipolar events (NBEs) are signatures in radio signals from thunderstorms observed by ground-based receivers. NBEs may occur at the onset of lightning, but the discharge process is not well understood. Here, we present spectral measurements by the Atmosphere‐Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) on the International Space Station that are associated with nine negative and three positive NBEs observed by a ground‐based array of receivers. We found that both polarities NBEs are associated with emissions at 337 nm with weak or no detectable emissions at 777.4 nm, suggesting that NBEs are associated with streamer breakdown. The rise times of the emissions for negative NBEs are about 10 μs, consistent with source locations at cloud tops where photons undergo little scattering by cloud particles, and for positive NBEs are ~1 ms, consistent with locations deeper in the clouds. For negative NBEs, the emission strength is almost linearly correlated with the peak current of the associated NBEs. Our findings suggest that ground-based observations of radio signals provide a new means to measure the occurrences and strength of cloud-top discharges near the tropopause.
Sequence logic at enhancers governs a dual mechanism of endodermal organ fate induction by FOXA pioneer factors
Authors: Geusz Ryan J. , Wang Allen , Lam Dieter K. , Vinckier Nicholas K. , Alysandratos Konstantinos-Dionysios , Roberts David A. , Wang Jinzhao , Kefalopoulou Samy , Ramirez Araceli , Qiu Yunjiang , Chiou Joshua , Gaulton Kyle J. , Ren Bing , Kotton Darrell N. , Sander Maike
Published: November 2021

FOXA pioneer transcription factors (TFs) associate with primed enhancers in endodermal organ precursors. Using a human stem cell model of pancreas differentiation, we here discover that only a subset of pancreatic enhancers is FOXA-primed, whereas the majority is unprimed and engages FOXA upon lineage induction. Primed enhancers are enriched for signal-dependent TF motifs and harbor abundant and strong FOXA motifs. Unprimed enhancers harbor fewer, more degenerate FOXA motifs, and FOXA recruitment to unprimed but not primed enhancers requires pancreatic TFs. Strengthening FOXA motifs at an unprimed enhancer near NKX6.1 renders FOXA recruitment pancreatic TF-independent, induces priming, and broadens the NKX6.1 expression domain. We make analogous observations about FOXA binding during hepatic and lung development. Our findings suggest a dual role for FOXA in endodermal organ development: first, FOXA facilitates signal-dependent lineage initiation via enhancer priming, and second, FOXA enforces organ cell type-specific gene expression via indirect recruitment by lineage-specific TFs.
Rapid and flexible segmentation of electron microscopy data using few-shot machine learning
Authors: Akers Sarah , Kautz Elizabeth , Trevino-Gavito Andrea , Olszta Matthew , Matthews Bethany E. , Wang Le , Du Yingge , Spurgeon Steven R.
Published: November 2021

Automatic segmentation of key microstructural features in atomic-scale electron microscope images is critical to improved understanding of structure–property relationships in many important materials and chemical systems. However, the present paradigm involves time-intensive manual analysis that is inherently biased, error-prone, and unable to accommodate the large volumes of data produced by modern instrumentation. While more automated approaches have been proposed, many are not robust to a high variety of data, and do not generalize well to diverse microstructural features and material systems. Here, we present a flexible, semi-supervised few-shot machine learning approach for segmentation of scanning transmission electron microscopy images of three oxide material systems: (1) epitaxial heterostructures of SrTiO3/Ge, (2) La0.8Sr0.2FeO3 thin films, and (3) MoO3 nanoparticles. We demonstrate that the few-shot learning method is more robust against noise, more reconfigurable, and requires less data than conventional image analysis methods. This approach can enable rapid image classification and microstructural feature mapping needed for emerging high-throughput characterization and autonomous microscope platforms.
para-Selective hydroxylation of alkyl aryl ethers
Authors: Zhu Runqing , Sun Qianqian , Li Jing , Li Luohao , Gao Qinghe , Wang Yakun , Fang Lizhen
Published: November 2021

para-Selective hydroxylation of alkyl aryl ethers is established, which proceeds with a ruthenium(ii) catalyst, hypervalent iodine(iii) and trifluoroacetic anhydride via a radical mechanism.
Single source precursor route to nanometric tin chalcogenides
Authors: Brune Veronika , Raydan Nidal , Sutorius Anja , Hartl Fabian , Purohit Bhagyesh , Gahlot Sweta , Bargiela Pascal , Burel Laurence , Wilhelm Michael , Hegemann Corinna , Atamtürk Ufuk , Mathur Sanjay , Mishra Shashank
Published: November 2021

Phase controled chemical synthesis of 2D SnEx (E = S, Se; x = 1, 2) using new, well-characterized molecular precursors is presented.
Sea cucumber peptides inhibit the malignancy of NSCLC by regulating miR-378a-5p targeted TUSC2
Authors: Mao Jing , Zhang Zhuchi , Chen Yongde , Wu Tao , Fersht Viktor , Jin Yan , Meng Jing , Zhang Min
Published: November 2021

Sea cucumber peptide regulates tumor suppressor gene TUSC2 by targeting miR-378a-5p, which shows an inhibitory effect on tumors, and can be regarded as a new food-borne anti-tumor dietary supplement.
Integration of efficient microwave absorption and shielding in a multistage composite foam with progressive conductivity modular design
Authors: Xu Yadong , Lin Zhiqiang , Yang Yaqi , Duan Hongji , Zhao Guizhe , Liu Yaqing , Hu Yougen , Sun Rong , Wong Ching-Ping
Published: November 2021

The effective microwave absorber and highly efficient EMI shield can be integrated in one multistage composite foam through a progressive conductive modular design which enables the arbitrary regulation of EM wave reflection and absorption.
Construction of a hetero-epitaxial nanostructure at the interface of Li-rich cathode materials to boost their rate capability and cycling performances
Authors: Cao Jun , Huang Haijian , Qu Yifan , Tang Weijian , Yang Zeheng , Zhang Weixin
Published: November 2021

A facile coating strategy is proposed to construct a hetero-epitaxial nanostructure at the interface of Li-rich cathode materials, and it effectively improves the rate capability and cycling performance of the cathode materials.
Current applications of kinetic resolution in the asymmetric synthesis of substituted pyrrolidines
Authors: Berry Sian S. , Jones Simon
Published: November 2021

This review summarises ways to construct substituted pyrrolidines employing kinetic resolution strategies involving methods as diverse as transition metal catalysis and biocatalysis.
Self-templating synthesis of heteroatom-doped large-scalable carbon anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Yasin Ghulam , Arif Muhammad , Ma Jiameng , Ibraheem Shumaila , Yu Donglin , Zhang Lipeng , Liu Dong , Dai Liming
Published: November 2021

We design a simple and cost-effective strategy to construct a large–scalable nitrogen-rich sulfur-doped porous carbon material as a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Key role of a π–π complex in diaryl cross-coupling between aryldiazonium salts and arylboronic acids using photosensitizer-free gold/photoredox catalysis
Authors: Liu Yanhong , Zhu Rongxiu , Liu Chengbu , Zhang Dongju
Published: November 2021

In a new mechanism for photosensitizer-free visible-light-mediated gold-catalyzed cross-coupling, the π–π complex between aryldiazonium salts and arylboronic acids acts as a photoinitiator.
A mechanistic study on the regioselective Ni-catalyzed methylation–alkenylation of alkyne with AlMe3 and allylic alcohol
Authors: Liu Jiao , Liu Deguang , Nie Wan , Yu Haizhu , Shi Jing
Published: November 2021

The recently reported Ni-catalyzed methylation–allylation of alkynes with allylic alcohols and AlMe3 reagents delivers valuable tetrasubstituted alkene units in a highly regioselective fashion.
ITIC derivative acceptors for ternary organic solar cells: fine-tuning of absorption bands, LUMO energy levels, and cascade charge transfer
Authors: Baik Seungyun , Kim Dong Won , Kang Hyun-Sik , Hong Seung Hwa , Park Sungjin , An Byeong-Kwan , Park Soo Young
Published: November 2021

Simply adding ITIC derivatives, which can form a cascade energy alignment between the host donor and acceptor LUMO levels, as a small amount (5 wt%) of A2 acceptor molecules in TOSCs improved the PCE by up to 10% more than that of the BOSC system.
EVN observations of 6.7 GHz methanol maser polarization in massive star-forming regions
Authors: Surcis G. , Vlemmings W. H. T. , van Langevelde H. J. , Hutawarakorn Kramer B. , Bartkiewicz A.
Published: November 2021

Context. Although the role of magnetic fields in launching molecular outflows in massive young stellar objects has been convincingly demonstrated by theoretical arguments, observationally, the alignment of the magnetic field lines with the molecular outflows is still under debate.

Aims. We aim to complete the measurements of the direction of the magnetic fields at milliarcsecond resolution around a sample of massive star-forming regions to determine whether the magnetic field and outflows are aligned.

Methods. In 2012, we started a large very long baseline interferometry campaign with the European VLBI Network to measure the magnetic field orientation and strength toward a sample of 31 massive star-forming regions (called the flux-limited sample) by analyzing the polarized emission of 6.7 GHz CH3OH masers. In the previous papers of the series, we have presented 80% of the sample. Here, we report the linearly and circularly polarized emission of 6.7 GHz CH3OH masers toward the last five massive star-forming regions of the flux-limited sample. The sources are G30.70-0.07, G30.76-0.05, G31.28+0.06, G32.03+0.06, and G69.52-0.97.

Results. We detected a total of 209 CH3OH maser cloudlets, 15% of which show linearly polarized emission (0.07–16.7%), and 2% of which show circularly polarized emission (0.2–4.2%). As reported in previous papers, in the last five sources of the flux-limited sample, we also measured well-ordered linear polarization vectors. Zeeman splitting was measured toward G30.70-0.07, G32.03+0.06, and G69.52-0.97.

Conclusions. The statistical analysis of the entire flux-limited sample shows that the observations are consistent with a bimodal distribution in the difference between the 3D magnetic field direction and the outflow axis, with half the magnetic field directions being perpendicular and the other half being parallel to the outflow. In addition, we determined that typical values of the linear and circular polarization fractions for 6.7 GHz CH3OH masers are Pl = 1.0–2.5% and PV = 0.5–0.75%, respectively. From the circularly polarized spectra of the CH3OH maser features, we found that a typical Zeeman splitting is in the range between 0.5 m s−1 and 2.0 m s−1. This would correspond to 9 mG < |B||| < 40 mG if F = 3 → 4 is the most favored of the eight hyperfine transitions that might contribute to the maser emission.
Ammonia-methane ratios from H-band near-infrared spectra of late-T and Y dwarfs
Authors: Martín E. L. , Zhang J.-Y. , Esparza P. , Gracia F. , Rasilla J. L. , Masseron T. , Burgasser A. J.
Published: November 2021

Aims. Our goals are to investigate the relative absorption strengths of ammonia and methane using low-resolution H-band (1.5−1.7 microns) spectra obtained in the laboratory and compared with observational spectra of late-T and Y dwarfs, and to estimate what can be expected from the wide-angle low-resolution near-infrared spectroscopic survey that will be provided by the upcoming Euclid space mission.

Methods. Gas cells containing ammonia and methane at atmospheric pressure were custom-made in our chemical laboratory. Low-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy of these gas cells was collected in our optical laboratory. It is compared with simulated spectra using the high-resolution transmission molecular absorption database (HITRAN) for temperatures of 300 K and 500 K, and with near-infrared spectra of late-T dwarfs, Y dwarfs, Jupiter, and Saturn. We selected for this investigation the spectral region between 1.5 and 1.7 microns (H band) because it is covered by the Euclid red grism, it is particularly sensitive to the relative proportions of ammonia and methane opacity, and it is free from strong contributions of other abundant molecules, such as water vapor.

Results. The laboratory spectra showed that the ammonia and methane features present in the simulations that used the HITRAN database are incomplete. Using our laboratory spectra, we propose a modified version of the NH3-H spectral ratio with expanded integration limits that increases the amplitude of variation in the index with respect to spectral type. Combinations of our laboratory spectra were used to find the best fits to the observed spectra with the relative absorption ratio of ammonia to methane as a free parameter. A relationship was found between the Teff and the ratio of ammonia to methane from spectral classes T5 to Y2 (1100 K–350 K), in fairly good qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions for high-gravity objects and temperatures from 1100 K to 500 K. The ammonia-to-methane ratios in late-T and Y dwarfs are similar to that of Jupiter, suggesting a similar chemical composition. Simulations of the spectroscopic performance of Euclid suggest that it will yield Teff values and ratios of ammonia to methane for over 103 late-T dwarfs in the entire wide survey.
The b-value of the Kelud Volcano in the Last Three Decades
Authors: Niasari Sintia Windhi , Nugraheni Lusia Rita , Maghfira Puspita Dian
Published: November 2021

Kelud volcano is located in the Kediri sub-district, East Java Province, Indonesia. This volcano is still active, with total population, in the radius of 10 km, is around 10 thousand people. Kelud volcano is a popular tourist destination. On the weekend, total visitor can reach 5,000 people per-day. These people are at high risk when the Kelud volcano erupts. The last eruption of the Kelud volcano occurred in 2014 and was explosive eruption. Previously, there was an effusive eruption in 2007. These two types of eruption have its own geo hazard risk. Thus, predict the eruption type could help hazard mitigation. In this study, two data sets of earthquakes, 1990-2007 and 2008-2020, were analysed to determine the b-value and its relationship to the eruption type of the Kelud volcano. The calculation of the b-value uses the Gutenberg-Richter relationship. Calculation of the b-value in 2007, when there was an effusive eruption, showed a value of 2.27, while in 2014 (when there was an explosive eruption) was 1.85. After 2009, the curve of the b-value against time shows decrease. As a long term precursor of the Kelud activity, this b-value curve should be analysed continuously, besides volcano tectonic seismicity monitoring.
A rapid flood inundation model in the floodplain area due to an extreme rainfall event
Authors: Salsabiela Indah , Marko Kuswantoro , Tambunan Mangapul P. , Zulkarnain Faris
Published: November 2021

Extreme rainfall in East Jakarta on February 19, 2021 caused flooding in a number of subdistricts. The research was conducted in the central part of Kali Sunter, which flows through three subdistricts, namely Cipinang Melayu, Cipinang Muara, and Pondok Bambu. The purpose of the study was to do flood hazard modeling and analyze the characteristics of flood-affected areas based on land use and topography. Inundation and flood hazard maps is done by: calculating the flood discharge using the SCS-CN method, flood inundation modelling using HEC-RAS, and analyzing the characteristics of the inundated area. This combination is effective for rapid modeling during extreme rainfall events. Based on the research, the distribution of the highest flood hazard area is in RW 004 Cipinang Melayu, with the widest inundation affecting small and medium-sized houses. The characteristics of the affected area are that there is green and empty land which reduces the potential for water to inundate buildings or other land uses. Buildings located in low-hazard housing areas tend to be more organized and relatively medium to large in size. While the types of housing in the Cipinang Melayu with a high level of danger tend to be dense and small to medium in size, but the majority have two floors as a form of flood adaptation.
Comparison of data mining algorithms for pressure prediction of crude oil pipeline to identify congeal
Authors: Santoso Agus , Wijaya F. Danang , Setiawan Noor Akhmad , Waluyo Joko
Published: November 2021

Data mining is applied in many areas. In oil and gas industries, data mining may be implemented to support the decision making in their operation to prevent a massive loss. One of serious problems in the petroleum industry is congeal phenomenon, since it leads to block crude oil flow during transport in a pipeline system. In the crude oil pipeline system, pressure online monitoring in the pipeline is usually implemented to control the congeal phenomenon. However, this system is not able to predict the pipeline pressure on the next several days. This research is purposed to compare the pressure prediction of the crude oil pipeline using data mining algorithms based on the real historical data from the petroleum field. To find the best algorithms, it was compared 4 data mining algorithms, i.e. Random Forest, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Decision Tree, and Linear Regression. As a result, the Linear Regression shows the best performance among the 4 algorithms with R2 = 0.55 and RMSE = 28.34. This research confirmed that data mining algorithm is a good method to be implemented in petroleum industry to predict the pressure of the crude oil pipeline, even the accuracy of the prediction values should be improved. To have better accuracy, it is necessary to collect more data and find better performance of the data mining algorithm
Post-Consumer plastic packaging waste management in Indonesia: a producer responsibility approach
Authors: Pramiati Siti Kardian , Budhi Soesilo Tri Edhi , Agustina Haruki
Published: November 2021

In a country with a large and diverse population such as Indonesia, the waste problem is difficult to solve, especially in urban areas. The growth of the population in urban areas has been accompanied by their rapid development of infrastructure and industrial growth. The dynamic lifestyle of urban communities changes their consumption behavior to products that are more practical in packaging. There are fundamental things that arise in the waste management system in Indonesia, including limited waste management capacity in the regions, inadequate infrastructure, implementation of regulations, and a lack of public concern, including the manufacturing industry, on waste management issues. Through the approach of the concept of extended producer responsibility (EPR). However, EPR concept implementation in developing countries is still lacking, where the collection and recycling system has not been adequately addressed. On the other hand, the industrial sector does not yet have enough attention to expand its product responsibilities for the post-consumption stage. This article presents an overview of current practices of post-consumer packaging waste management through an extended producer responsibility mechanism in Indonesia. More specifically, this study focused on consumer goods manufacturing industries. Based on the literature study, various industrial efforts have been shown to adopt the EPR concept in handling its product packaging waste.
Assessment of Social Vulnerability to Kiematubu Volcano in Tidore Island, North Maluku
Authors: Riasasi Widiyana , Marfai Muh Aris , Mutaqin Bachtiar W , Hadmoko Danang Sri , Lavigne Franck , Faral Audrey , Wijayanti Helvetia
Published: November 2021

Kiematubu volcano is often considered as non-volcanic, even though it consists of basalt material, since it has never erupted before. In fact, that small volcanic islands have a high risk due to their restriction on means and resources. The study aims to assess the social vulnerability of the community in Tidore Island that may be exposed to the eruption of the Kiematubu volcano. There has not been previous research in Tidore Island regarding volcanic vulnerability yet. The social vulnerability is an initial assessment of disaster management, which will affect in optimizing community’s capacity then minimizing the disaster impacts. Social parameter of demographic condition, health facilities, and education facilities was weighted to assess social vulnerability. The result shows that the social vulnerability class of Tidore Island is dominantly low, approximately 80%, the rest is middle and high, with a percentage of 13% and 7%, respectively. Mostly, the low vulnerable villages are due to less population density. However, the highly vulnerable villages, Gamtufkange and Indonesiana, consist of very high and high population density. The southeast part of Tidore Island, where both villages are situated, is the center of human activities, such as governmental, trades, and education.
Settlement Quality Mapping Analysis Using Google Earth Imagery and GIS in Sorosutan Subdistrict, Yogyakarta City
Authors: Rakhmatika Mega , Larasati Chafda , Tristan Abraham Cardenas , Putri Ratih Fitria
Published: November 2021

Sorosutan Subdistrict is located in Umbulharjo Subdistrict, Yogyakarta City. The development of Sorosutan Subdistrict is so rapid as indicated by the density of settlements and the complexity of the problems in it. One of these problems is related to settlement conditions. The condition of Sorosutan Subdistrict which has a slum area needs to be investigated on the quality of its settlements through assessment, weighting, and interpretation of Google Earth Imagery. The stage of determining the quality of settlements in this research is interpreting the imagery and determine the scoring of each parameter of settlement quality using GIS software. Based on the analysis of the results of data processing, it was found that the quality of settlements in Sorosutan Subdistrict is partly of medium quality of 54.27%, while good quality is 23.05% and bad quality is 22.68%. The distribution of good and bad quality settlements dominates the western and southern parts of Sorosutan Subdistrict. The distribution of settlement quality dominates the eastern part of Sorosutan Subdistrict. Hamlets which are decided as slum settlements in these qualities of settlements assessment have bad qualities in hamlet numbers 004 and 015.
Advanced analysis of backsheet failures from 26 power plants
Authors: Markert Jochen , Kotterer Sandra , Mansour Djamel Eddine , Philipp Daniel , Gebhardt Paul
Published: November 2021

Backsheet degradation is a known reliability issue affecting field-exposed photovoltaic (PV) modules power plants. In this work, we present lessons learned during the last three years, examining modules from 26 power plants in the TestLab PV Modules at Fraunhofer ISE. The basis is a description of the currently observed backsheets and associated degradation features as for example backsheet chalking, cracks in different layers and chemical changes in composition. Furthermore, we lay out analytical methods for initial and more detailed analysis of the failures and module materials. For example, a method designated as “flashlight test” has been found to provide a quick and straightforward method to identify damaged polypropylene (PP) layers within backsheets. Furthermore, scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) and a comparison of different variants of FTIR spectroscopy are presented.
The research of social processes at the university using big data
Authors: Hacimahmud Abdullayev Vugar , Ali Ragimova Nazila , Etibar Khalilov Matlab
Published: November 2021

The volume of information in the 21st century is growing at a rapid pace. Big data technologies are used to process modern information. This article discusses the use of big data technologies to implement monitoring of social processes. Big data has its characteristics and principles, which reflect here. In addition, we also discussed big data applications in some areas. Particular attention in this article pays to the interactions of big data and sociology. For this, there consider digital sociology and computational social sciences. One of the main objects of study in sociology is social processes. The article shows the types of social processes and their monitoring. As an example, there is implemented monitoring of social processes at the university. There are used following technologies for the realization of social processes monitoring: products 1010data (1010edge, 1010connect, 1010reveal, 1010equities), products of Apache Software Foundation (Apache Hive, Apache Chukwa, Apache Hadoop, Apache Pig), MapReduce framework, language R, library Pandas, NoSQL, etc. Despite this, this article examines the use of the MapReduce model for social processes monitoring at the university.
Influence of Sisal fiber’s treatment on the kinetics of hydration, morphological and thermophysical properties of the composite cementitious mortar
Authors: Bahja B. , Tizliouine A. , Elouafi A. , Omari L.H. , Salhi H. , Chafi M.
Published: November 2021

Currently, cement-based bio-composite is a relevant concept for researchers in the building. However, these researches highlighted some handicaps. Plant fibers are acting as a retarder in the setting time of the cement. In this study, Sisal fiber (SF) (4% by mass of cement) was subjected to different treatments to improve bio-composites hydration kinetics (KH) “tested by isotherm calorimetry”. The treatment slowed down both alkaline hydrolysis and mineralization of fiber cell walls by promoting the hydration of cement. This result was coherent with morphological properties. In fact, the images obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a tinier calcium layer around the (SF) treated with NaOH and Paraffin oil on the adhesion surface. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) test revealed a disparity in the peaks of the absorption strips of CaCO3 and Ca(OH)2 and thus cement hydration. In addition, the tests results showed a decrease in thermal conductivity (λ) and volumetric heat capacity (ρ.CV) after treatment of (SF). Resistance (RTh) and thermal diffusivity (α) slightly increased with treated fiber. Considering that, the bio-mortar with treated Sisal fiber can be promising material from an insulation point of view.
Impact of Immediate Dentin Sealing Using Universal Adhesive under Simulated Pulp Pressure on Microtensile Bond Strength of Indirect Resin Composite Restorations and Dentin Permeability
Authors: Abo-Alazm Emad Abd Elfatah , Safy Rehab Khalil
Published: November 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) technique using universal adhesive under simulated pulp pressure on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of indirect resin composite restorations and dentin permeability.

Materials and Methods Fifty extracted caries-free human third molars were used for specimens' preparation. Each molar's occlusal table was abraded flat and their roots were separated under continuous water cooling. Forty specimens were used for microtensile bond strength test (μTBST) evaluation. The μTBST specimens were randomly assigned to two groups according to the dentin sealing time; Immediate dentin sealing (IDS) and delayed dentin sealing (DDS). Each group was further subdivided into two subgroups according to the adhesive system used for dentin sealing: iBOND self-etch adhesive and GLUMA Bond Universal. All specimens were exposed to simulated pulp pressure for 1 week then restored using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin composite blocks. The μTBS was evaluated for all tested subgroups after 24 hours and 6 months of water storage. The remaining 10 teeth were used for the preparation of dentin discs for dentin permeability evaluation. They were divided into two groups according to type of self-etch adhesive used. Fluid filtration rate was evaluated after etching, with smear layer and after adhesive application. Results obtained were statistically analyzed using Shapiro–Wilk test and Weibull analysis.

Results Statistically significant difference was recorded between µTBS mean values of both IDS and DDS techniques at 24 hours and after 6 months of water storage. GLUMA Bond Universal adhesive had significantly higher bond strength compared with iBond at both IDS and DDS techniques, but both adhesives showed a significant reduction in the Weibull characteristic strength after 6 months of water storage. Significant reduction in dentin permeability was recorded by both adhesives without any significant difference between them.

Conclusions The IDS technique using universal adhesive in self-etch mode is an effective strategy for improving the final bond strength of CAD/CAM resin composite restorations and reducing dentin permeability.
Osteoblastoma agressivo recorrente da coluna cervical tratado com sucesso com radioterapia
Authors: Anjos Gabriel Marques dos , Bassan Marcos Antonio Freiberger , Gössling Gustavo , Pereira Fernando de Souza , D'Avila Rui , Izetti Patrícia
Published: November 2021

O osteoblastoma é uma doença benigna geralmente tratada com ressecção completa com intenção curativa e é responsável por 14% dos tumores ósseos benignos. Uma apresentação mais incomum refere-se a uma rápida apresentação em massa conhecida como osteoblastoma agressivo. Relatamos o caso de um jovem com inchaço cervical devido a uma massa progressiva no lado direito do pescoço com 3 meses de evolução. A biópsia incisional demonstrou osteoblastoma grau 3. Tentou-se uma ressecção cirúrgica radical, mas a ressecção completa não foi viável por causa da invasão cervical de C3 sem envolvimento espinal. Apesar da falta de dados robustos, a radioterapia modulada de intensidade foi realizada na região cervical ipsilateral em uma dose de 50 Gy em 25 frações até novembro de 2013. O paciente está sendo seguido regularmente sem evidências de recorrência desde então. O tratamento até agora bem-sucedido destaca a importância de uma abordagem multidisciplinar para o tratamento de pacientes com osteoblastoma agressivo.
Ethnic identity: peculiarities of interaction between family values and multi-ethnic student environment through the example of Dagestani students
Authors: Gasanova Saida
Published: November 2021

This study focused on the issue of ethnic identity of students as a process of interaction between the family upbringing values and multi-ethnic university environment on the example of Daghestani students of Moscow universities. The central study objective was to determine the effect of family values on the formation of national identity in students, as well as to identify whether there are any statistical differences in these terms between males and females. A total study sample included 214 Daghestani students from 15 Moscow universities distributed into two groups: experimental one (composed of Dagestanis) and control (multi-ethnic group). The research participants were asked to specify their national identity and assess the use of their mother tongue as an identifier. The null hypothesis of this study suggested that there are no significant differences between the assessments of Dagestani males and females towards traditional family values and no significant differences in ethnic identification between students of the experimental and control groups. The groups were compared based on the results of Pearson’s chi-squared test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient calculation. As a consequence, the null hypothesis was confirmed only for the students of the 4th and 5th study years. The practical value of the collected findings resides in their possibility to be used to address psychological problems in multi-ethnic student groups and create optimal conditions for personal development and ethnic identification of students.
Weight adjustable photonic synapse by nonlinear gain in a vertical cavity semiconductor optical amplifier
Authors: Alanis Juan Arturo , Robertson Joshua , Hejda Matěj , Hurtado Antonio
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we report a high-speed and tunable photonic synaptic element based on a vertical cavity semiconductor optical amplifier (VCSOA) operating with short (150 ps-long) and low-energy (μW peak power) light pulses. By exploiting nonlinear gain properties of VCSOAs when subject to external optical injection, our system permits full weight tunability of sub-ns input light pulses, just by varying the VCSOA's applied bias current. Not only is the VCSOA-based synapse able to adjust the strength of incoming optical pulses, but it can also provide gain (applied weight factors >1). Moreover, we show that this simple approach permits dynamical weight tuning at high-speed (ns rates) with up to an 11.6-bit precision. These results are realized with commercially sourced, inexpensive vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, operating at the key telecom wavelengths of 1300 and 1550 nm and hence making our approach compatible with optical network and data center technologies. This VCSOA-based system, therefore, offers a hardware friendly, low-energy, and high-speed solution for photonic synaptic links with high potential for use in future neuromorphic photonic systems.
Maximum performance of an active magnetic regenerator
Authors: Benke Dimitri , Fries Maximilian , Gottschall Tino , Ohmer Dominik , Taubel Andreas , Skokov Konstantin , Gutfleisch Oliver
Published: November 2021

Magnetocaloric materials change their temperature when a magnetic field is applied or removed, which allows building a magnetic cooling device. We derive an analytical expression for the maximum heat that such a material can transfer in one cooling cycle by investigating the operation of a simplified active magnetic regenerator (AMR). The model largely only depends on the adiabatic temperature change, the specific entropy change, and the temperature span between the hot and cold reservoirs. While this expression overestimates the performance of a real AMR due to its simplification, it can predict an upper limit of any AMRs' performance independent of the implementation details. Based on this, we calculate the upper limit of the cooling power of magnetic cooling devices at any temperature span, frequency, mass, and material. This upper limit is used to predict how the thermal span is scaling with the applied magnetic field, and it can be utilized for the optimization of the magnetic field source. Additionally, we confirm that the product of isothermal entropy and adiabatic temperature change, already used in the literature, is a suitable figure of merit for magnetocaloric materials.
Low-threshold power and tunable integrated optical limiter based on an ultracompact VO2/Si waveguide
Authors: Parra Jorge , Navarro-Arenas Juan , Menghini Mariela , Recaman Maria , Pierre-Locquet Jean , Sanchis Pablo
Published: November 2021

Optical limiters are nonlinear devices that encompass applications from device protection to activation functionalities in neural networks. In this work, we report an optical limiter on silicon photonics based on an ultracompact VO2/Si waveguide. Our 20-μm-long experimental device features a thermal tunable threshold power of only ∼3.5 mW while being spectrally broadband. Our work provides a new pathway to achieve integrated optical limiters for dense and low-power photonic integrated circuits.
Micro and nanostrips in spintronics: How to keep them cool
Authors: Guedas Rodrigo , Raposo Víctor , Prieto José L.
Published: November 2021

This Tutorial explores the problem of Joule heating on metallic micro or nanostrips, still one of the most popular geometries in modern spintronics. Many of the effects that result from the interaction of a spin polarized current and the local magnetization require a sizeable current density. This implies, quite often, an unignorable Joule heating. Despite the few articles devoted to some aspects of Joule heating, there is still disinformation and many misconceptions on this topic, which is key for the correct interpretation of the scientific results. In this Tutorial, we highlight the material parameters that are important to keep the temperature of the strip under control and those that give only a marginal advantage. In the vast majority of papers, at least one of these parameters is missing. We also focus on some misconceptions, such as the belief that performing the measurement on a cryostat rules Joule heating out. In fact, for a fixed current density, measuring in a cryostat decreases the temperature but not enough to justify the use of such a costly measuring setup. At the practical level, we put forward a 1D model to calculate, in few seconds, if Joule heating is present and if it should be taken into account when interpreting the results. Finally, and importantly, we describe a simple fabrication route to enhance the dissipation of heat in the strip considerably. This fabrication strategy is more effective at keeping the temperature under control than performing the experiment at cryogenic temperatures.
Evaluation of biomethane potential and kinetics modelling of green macroalgae from the South Atlantic Sea:
Authors: Ibarlucía Daniela Giselle , Santalla Estela Mercedes , Córdoba Verónica Elizabeth
Published: November 2021

Environmental context The east coast of the Argentine Sea is frequently impacted by seasonal macroalgal blooms, resulting from anthropogenic activities such as the discharge of untreated wastewater. The use of these macroalgae for energy purposes through the anaerobic digestion process provides an opportunity to convert a biomass, currently considered as a waste, into a renewable energy source. Bioenergy potential and the process kinetics of two macroalgae were studied and the results suggest this is a potentially useful novel energy source. Abstract Several uses for macroalgae have been reported in the literature, including in agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and human and animal feed. While many authors have recognised the potential use of algae biomass for bioenergy, specific research on their energy potential is less abundant. The wide east coast of the Argentine Sea is frequently impacted by seasonal macroalgal blooms that nowadays are managed as a residue of land disposal. The feasibility of bioenergy production from two species of macroalgae from the South Atlantic Sea was evaluated through the analysis of the biomethane potential determined according to a standard protocol. Fresh, washed and chopped samples of Codium sp. (Codiaceae) and Ulva sp. (Ulvaceae) were studied in anaerobic batch digestion under the mesophilic regime and with an inoculum : substrate ratio of 3 : 1. The results showed 35 % higher methane production of Codium sp. (205.2 mL CH4/g volatile solids), which revealed that the composition of Ulva sp., rich in sulfated anionic polysaccharide (Ulvan), reduces the activity of methanogenic bacteria. The kinetics of methane production was studied through the first-order kinetic, the modified Gompertz and the Cone models, which all showed an adequate adjustment of the experimental data (R2 > 96 %) but the Cone model yielded the best performance (R2 > 98.6 %). The potential methane production L0 and the hydrolysis rate constant k were respectively 30 % and 124 % higher for Codium sp. than Ulva sp., which demonstrated a higher biodegradability of this algae. Despite the differences observed, the results obtained revealed an interesting bioenergy potential of the studied species of seaweed from the Argentine Sea.
From speech to language
Authors: Chen Helen Kai-Yun , Tseng Chiu-yu
Published: November 2021

This study proposes a novel exploration of perceived prosodic highlights in continuous speech, focusing on the alternative function of indexing and projecting information content deployment in the speech context. Given the assumption that prosodic highlight allocation directly reflects the interlocutors’ information content deployment, this study foregrounds perception-based prominences for indexing both the key information (KEY) and the projector (PJR) that projects the deployment of key/focal information. Two information content planning units (PJR plus its respective projection PJN, and KEY) prompted by prosodic highlights were established, based on quantitative analyses and discriminative acoustic features. Additional analyses confirm a generalheavy-to-lightinformation distribution across both units, showcasing that the relative projection trajectory size in the PJR-PJN unit is positively correlated to its position within discourse-prosodic units. Current results, therefore, directly substantiate the cognitive explanation of prosodic projection in speech, as evidence beyond syntactic relationships are drawn and prosodic projection is shown to involve perceived prosodic highlight allocation and information deployment in a fixed pattern. Explorations of prosody-prompted projection shed light on a more comprehensive account of the mechanism behind information planning, hence facilitating a deeper understanding of the composition of context prosody and the derivation of linguistic invariants from speech.
A modified multiplexed vortex helico-conical petal-like zone plate
Authors: Xia Tian , Cheng Shubo , Xie Wenke , Tao Shaohua
Published: November 2021

A modified multiplexed vortex helico-conical petal-like zone plate (MMVHPZP) is proposed to generate a polygon-like beam or light-arm beam with an adjustable opening. The MMVHPZP consists of the modified helico-conical petal-like zone plate (MHPZP) with the topological charge l and exponent n, and the multiplexed vortex spiral phase plate (MVSPP) with the inner topological charge l
1 and outer topological charge l
2. Moreover, when l
1 is equal or unequal to l
2, the MMVHPZP has the adjustable polygon-like beam or light-arm beam, respectively. In addition, when n is small or large, the number of arms is equal to the absolute difference between l
1 and l
2 or the sum of one and the absolute difference between l
1 and l
2, respectively. Furthermore, for the different l
1 or l
2, the opening is constant. With the increase of the n or l, the opening is larger. When l
1 is greater or less than l
2, the rotation direction of arms is the anticlockwise or clockwise direction, respectively.
Evaluation on performance of MM/PBSA in nucleic acid-protein systems
Authors: Chen Yuan-Qiang , Sheng Yan-Jing , Ding Hong-Ming , Ma Yu-Qiang
Published: November 2021

The molecular mechanics/Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) method has been widely used in predicting the binding affinity among ligands, proteins, and nucleic acids. However, the accuracy of the predicted binding energy by the standard MM/PBSA is not always good, especially in highly charged systems. In this work, we take the protein–nucleic acid complexes as an example, and showed that the use of screening electrostatic energy (instead of Coulomb electrostatic energy) in molecular mechanics can greatly improve the performance of MM/PBSA. In particular, the Pearson correlation coefficient of dataset II in the modified MM/PBSA (i.e., screening MM/PBSA) is about 0.52, much better than that (< 0.33) in the standard MM/PBSA. Further, we also evaluate the effect of solute dielectric constant and salt concentration on the performance of the screening MM/PBSA. The present study highlights the potential power of the screening MM/PBSA for predicting the binding energy in highly charged bio-systems.