bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die Größe des öffentlichen Sektors – ein Benchmarking- Projekt: Methodologischer Erfahrungsbericht
Authors: Franz Alfred
Published: September 2017

Der Staatssektor hat in modernen Volkswirtschaften außerordentliche Bedeutung erlangt, als Dienstleiter und Arbeitgeber, als Träger einer riesigen Umverteilungsmaschinerie, als Investor und Erhalter der Infrastrukturen, wie als Garant öffentlicher Ordnung und Sicherheit. Sich einen Überblick dieser machtvollen Stellung und der Erscheinungsvielfaltzu verschaffen ist immer auch ein quantitatives Problem, und umso mehr, wenn es um Vergleiche verschiedener Länder geht. Hierfür werden von der Wissenschaft Kennzahlen empfohlen, als ein Bündel von statistischen Indikatoren zur standardisierten Beschreibung der verschiedenen Aufgaben- und Organisationsformen: Staatsquoten i.w.S..In dem hier vorgestellten Forschungsprojekt geht es um konzeptive u.a. statistische Erfordernisse des internationalen Vergleiches. Die Situation auf der Seite der statistischen Quellen ist allerdings nicht eben günstig. Trotz einer langen Entwicklung von internationaler Standardisierung, vor allem im Rahmen der Volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnung, sind die unmittelbaren Ergebnisse („rohe“ Staatsquoten) jedenfalls adjustierungsbedürftig(„systematische Bereinigungen“). Die praktische Bearbeitung hat rasch gezeigt, dass die erforderlichen Bereinigungen einen erheblichen Umfang annehmen und im Ergebnis systematisch zu beachten sind, auch wenn die Vorschläge beim status quo derQuellenlage nur exemplarischen Charakter haben können.
Szenarios für x-Commerce
Authors: Uchida Gabriele
Published: September 2017

Im Rahmen von ec3, dem Kompetenzzentrum für Electronic Commerce in Wien (Techgate) werden Anwendungsszenarien und Geschäftsmodelle für den Bereich x-Commerce untersucht, die den raschen Entwicklungen und den Veränderungen in diesem BereichRechnung tragen sollen.
Die Volkszählung von 1939 in Deutschland und Österreich – ein Beitrag zum Holocaust?
Authors: Exner Gudrun
Published: September 2017

Im wissenschaftlichen Diskurs in Deutschland wird in letzter Zeit auch ein möglicher Beitrag der amtlichen deutschen Bevölkerungsstatistik zur Vernichtung der Juden diskutiert. Dieser Vorwurf stützt sich auf die Tatsache, dass im Rahmen der Volkszählung von 1939, die auchin der damaligen „Ostmark“ stattfand, eine Sonderzählung der Juden und „jüdischen Mischlinge“ nach den Kriterien der antisemitischen Nürnberger Rassengesetze durchgeführt wurde. Quellenstudien zeigen, dass eine Verwendung von Volkszählungsdaten für die Erstellung von Transportlisten im Bereich des Möglichen lag, aber nicht belegt und aus verschiedenen Gründen eher unwahrscheinlich ist. In diesem Artikel wird derProblembereich zum ersten Mal auch für Österreich untersucht.
A New Approach to Generate Source Terms, Distributed in Space and Time for Transient Groundwater Flow Models
Authors: Fuchs Klemens , Fank Johann
Published: September 2017

As presented in earlier papers (Fuchs and Fank, 1998; Fank, 1999) it is possible to generate initial and boundary conditions for transient ground water flow models using a set of measured groundwater hydrographs. In this paper we present² geostatistical models for the evaluation of spatial and time distributed recharge (RC) using measured ground water hydrographs,² limitations concerning the type of aquifer and the hydrological environment and² application to the western part of the “Leibnitzer Feld”, a shallow quaternaryaquifer south of Austria.
Influence of body position on maximum bite force
Authors: Guimarães Élcio Alves , Cabral Alana Leandro , Sousa Lucas Resende , Júnior Paulo Cézar Simamoto , Sousa Gilmar da Cunha , Neto Alfredo Júlio Fernandes
Published: September 2017

Objective: To evaluate the maximum bite force (MBF) in subjects with and without Temporomandibular Dysfunction (TMD), in threedifferent positions (sitting, lying and standing). Methods: The sample consisted of 60 individuals, aged between 19 and 35 years,who were divided into two groups: with TMD (n = 30) and without TMD (n = 30). First, the RDC/TMD questionnaire was applied and,after diagnosis, all of the subjects selected were submitted to the measurement of MBF, on each side (right and left), in three differentpositions (sitting, lying and standing), by means of a digital gnatodynamometer. Results: No significant difference in mean MBF was foundbetween the two groups; however, the mean MBF for the subjects, comparing the same side and different positions, was significantlydifferent, being smaller when the individual was lying down. Conclusions: According to the results, it was concluded that the MBF isinfluenced by the change of position.
Возможности сетевой формы реализации образовательных программ в создании психологически безопасной образовательной среды школы
Authors: Кощиенко Ирина Васильевна , Волкова Ольга Алексеевна
Published: September 2017

Статья содержит комплексный обзор составляющих понятия «психологически безопасная образовательная среда». Рассматриваются возможности сетевой формы реализации образовательных программ в создании психологически безопасной образовательной среды школы. Описываются несколько вариантов реализации сетевой формы: интеграция образовательных программ; использование ресурсов иных организаций. Анализируются прикладные аспекты эффективного использования ресурсов сторонних организаций посредством выделения нескольких моделей сетевой формы взаимодействия: взаимопроникновение отдельных модулей образовательных программ организаций-партнеров; виртуальная академическая мобильность, индивидуальный выбор содержания и форм образовательного процесса; сочетание многоуровневой подготовки, т. е. сочетание фундаментальной и специализированной подготовки через взаимодействие вуза — предприятия, школы – академического института – предприятия. Сетевая форма реализации школьных образовательных программ требует больших временных, финансовых и других затрат.

Описывается практический опыт одной из образовательных организаций г. Москвы — ГБОУ «Школа № 2053». Под сетевой структурой участники реализуемого школой проекта «Повышение качества образования через деятельностный подход в сетевом взаимодействии» понимают взаимопроникновение образовательных сред, основанное на деятельностном подходе и постоянной коммуникации всех участников образовательного процесса. Авторы делают вывод, что сетевое взаимодействие состоит из нескольких важных элементов: взаимодействия, коммуникации и погружения в деятельность. В практике конкретных образовательных учреждений создание и поддержание психологически безопасной образовательной среды обеспечивается организационно-педагогическими условиями формирования и развития личности, совершенствования ее качеств, развития способностей, дарований, индивидуальных особенностей.
Проект структуры культурологического знания
Authors: Флиер Андрей Яковлевич
Published: September 2017

В статье анализируется многообразие взглядов ученых на место культурологии в отечественной науке и образовании и выстраивается вариант ее структуры, складывающийся, по мнению автора, фактически в практике научных исследований в России.

Рассматривается разнообразие существующих точек зрения на познавательные задачи культурологии, на разные сегменты социально важного знания, которое она добывает или должна добывать. Анализируются разные взгляды на то, с какими науками культурология имеет наибольшую общность.

Выстраивается модельная схема содержательной структуры культурологического знания, не вполне соответствующая традиционной «академической» структуре этой области знания, но, по мнению автора, больше соответствующая фактической научной практике исследований. По авторской схеме культурологическое знание членится на три уровня: первый — отрасли знания, различающиеся главным образом методологически; второй — проблемные направления знания, различающиеся социальными проблемами, решаемыми в данном сегменте; и третий — предметные области знания, различающиеся сущностью изучаемых артефактов. По этому принципу рассматриваются семь основных сегментов современного культурологического знания и их связи со смежными отраслями современной науки.

Актуальность предлагаемой модели заключается в том, что таким образом мы можем углубить свои представления об основаниях социальной интеграции человеческого общества, о причинах культурного многообразия человечества и о закономерностях исторической динамики культуры. 
Fine localization of the sym31 locus in pea linkage group III
Authors: Tsyganov Viktor E , Rozov Sergey M , Knox Maggie , Borisov Aleksey U , Ellis Tomas N , Tikhonovich Igor A
Published: September 2017

Analysis of joint inheritance of symbiotic locus sym31 and 12 molecular and morphological markers of pea linkage group III was performed. The linkage between symbiotic locus sym31 and 11 analyzed markers was observed. Using theAntMap software,adetailed genetic map of the sym31 locus was constructed and its fine position in linkage group III was determined.
Linked symbiotic populations: analysis of genetic diversity of rhizobial component
Authors: Muntyan Aleksey N , Andronov Evgeniy E , Belova Viktoriya S , Roumiantseva Marina L , Simarov Boris V
Published: September 2017

Understanding the selective constraints of partner specificity in mutually beneficial symbiosis is a significant, yet largely unexplored, prospect of evolutionary biology. These selective constraints can be explored through the study of nucleotide polymorphism at loci controlling specificity. We used a model legume-rhizobium mutualism to test for evidence that contextdependent selection may maintain variation in partner quality. We analyze the taxonomic structure, the heterogeneity and linkage disequilibrium of the rhizobial population between symbiotic (nif-, fix- and nod-, nodL-noeA genes) and chromosomal (leu- and IGS loci) genetic markers.
THE PEA GENE Crt CONTROLING THE MORPHOGENETIC RESPONSE OF THE ROOT IS INVOLVED IN REGULATION OF ACC-OXIDASE ACTIVITY
Authors: Zhernakov Alexander I , Tsyganov Viktor E , Borisov Aleksey U , Tikhonovich Igor A
Published: September 2017

The ethylene status of the pea mutant SGEcrt with altered morphology of the root system, whose development is dramatically dependent on the mechanical conditions of the environment, was studied. The role of ethylene in phenotypic manifestation of mutant root system was confirmed. It was shown that the mutant is characterized by increased production of and increased sensitivity to ethylene and by changes in regulation of ethylene biosynthesis leading to increased activity of the ethylene-producing enzyme ACC-oxidase.
ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND MUTAGENESIS IN ENTERIC AND NON-ENTERIC BACTERIA
Authors: Babudri Nora , Lancioni Hovirag , Achilli Alessandro
Published: September 2017

Mutations are fundamental for evolution. For many years it has been thought that mutagenesis occurs only in dividing cells. Now it is clear that mutations arise in non-dividing or slowly dividing microorganisms. Natural populations spend most of the time in stressful environments where their growth rate is highly reduced. Thus, the existence of a mutagenesis process, independent of multiplication (stress-induced mutagenesis, SIM), might have a profound evolutionary role. In the presented paper we review the stateof-the-art in enteric and non-enteric bacteria. We describe different experimental systems as well as the mechanisms and models presented to explain the huge amount of data obtained in more than twenty years of research.
STUDYING THE STRUCTURE OF SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITY IN SALINE SOILS BY HIGH-THROUGHPUT PYROSEQUENCING
Authors: Pershina Elisaveta V , Tamazyan Gaik S , Dolnik Alexandr S , Pinaev Alexander G , Sergaliev Nurlan H , Andronov Evgeniy E
Published: September 2017

The taxonomic structure of soil microbial community was studied in six samples taken from a salt marsh along the salinity gradient and in two samples of non-saline soils using pyrosequencing method (454 Roche). The analysis allowed to identify three main ecological groups of microorganisms depending on the degree of the soil salinity. Halophylic microorganisms were mainly represented by bacteria of three phyla  Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes and included much less of archaea (the Halobacteriaceae family). Within the distance of 150–200 m from the point with the highest levels of salinity, the microbial community tends to have a considerable similarity with control samples of non-saline soils.
GENETIC VARIABILITY AND POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION OF OPISTHORCHIS FELINEUS (TREMATODA) FROM WEST SIBERIA RIVERS
Authors: Zhigileva Oksana N , Zenovkina Daria V , Zamyatina Tatyana A
Published: September 2017

Genetic variability in Opisthorchis felineus from 6 Western Siberia rivers was studied using allozyme and multilocus DNA markers. Genetic subdivision of populations and the spatial genetic variability in O. felineus maritas were found to be the same when using two methods of analysis, but differed from these indices in metacercariae. Metacercariae from ide, dace and roach were not genetically different, indicating the absence of hostal subpopulations of the parasite. Low level of O. felineus genetic variability is not consistent with a pronounced population structure of intermediate hosts — Cyprinid fish.
ECOLOGICAL AND GENETIC ANALYSIS OF POPULATION STRUCTURE OF POPULUS TREMULA L.IN PERM REGION
Authors: Svetlakova Тatiana N , Boboshina Irina V , Boronnikova Svetlana V , Nechaeva Julia S
Published: September 2017

The wide geographical and ecological distribution of aspens (Populus tremula L.) indicates its high adaptive potential. The ISSR-analysis of DNA polymorphisms in seven natural populations of Populus tremula L. (in the Perm region) was performed. Total of 119 bands were obtained of which 87 (73.1 %) were polymorphic. Seven natural populations of P. tremula possess different levels of genetic diversity, and there was a high level of genetic differentiation between the populations (GST = 0,550). The results of the study are promising for development of further programs of cultivation and preservation of valuable deciduous tree species.
Population epigenetics, ecotoxicology and human diseases
Authors: Patkin Eugene L , Sofronov Henry A
Published: September 2017

The review critically examines the current state of population epigenetics. Possible mechanisms of intergenerational inheritance of epigenetic and epigenomic modifications as a condition of population epigenetics reality are examined. Special attention is paid to the role of external factors, including diet and various chemical compounds as modulators of the epigenome, and the possible inheritance of epigenetic variability characteristics under the influence of such environmental factors. The role of epigenetic mechanisms in the etiology and susceptibility to complex human diseases is considered.
How Barbara McClintock discovered transposable elements in maize
Authors: - -
Published: September 2017

The paper describes the early part of Barbara McClintock`s work on DNA transposons in maize, in which she discovered the Ac-Ds family of mobile "controlling elements". An account is first given of the cytology of the system that was used to generate intact chromosomes having "sticky" (broken) ends. Cytogenetical aspects of the chromatid and chromosome breakage-fusion-bridge cycles, deriving from breakage, are then described, which leads on to the way in which variegation in phenotypes of the maize kernels could be "read" in terms of chromosome breakage. The "genetic earthquake" event of 1944, triggered by introducing broken chromosomes into a zygote from both parents, lead to the discovery of Ds and Ac. Finding mobility of Ds from one chromosomal location to another was pure serendipity: the transposition showed itself while experiments were being undertaken to accurately map Ds. A similar chance observation revealed transposition of Ac as well, and then the relationship between the two elements was elucidated in terms of their autonomous and non-autonomous nature.
Genotoxicity evaluation of drinking water and rates of population morbidity in North Kazakhstan oblast
Authors: Larikova Natalia V , Baboshkina Svetlana V , Likhodumova Irina N , Beletskaya Nataliya P , Puzanov Alexander V , Kirillov Vladimir V , Gorbachev Ivan V
Published: September 2017

The genotoxicity assay of drinking water in regional centers of North Kazakhstan oblast is carried out by a cytogenetic ana-telophase method using barley root tips. It is shown that drinking water of North Kazakhstan oblast is able to cause cytogenetic damages. A direct correlation between genotoxic properties of drinking water and the rates of congenital abnormalities, malignant neoplasms (by one of the most common localization in the oblast – a stomach cancer), gastric and duodenal ulcers among the population are revealed.
ANALYSIS OF ASSOCIATION OF LIPID METABOLISM GENES POLYMORPHISM WITH BMI, WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE AND BLOOD LIPIDOGRAM PARAMETERS IN WOMEN
Authors: Tarkovskaia Irina V , Glotov Oleg S , Ditkina Ekaterina Y , Vashukova Elena S , Glotov Andrey S , Kurilov Roman V , Pugacheva Irina V , Belonog Olga L , Makhrova Irina A , Aseev Mikhail V , Ivashchenko Tatyana E , Baranov Vladislav S
Published: September 2017

Using the PCR-RFLP method we have studied polymorphism of 36 genes involved in lipid metabolism in 212 women, residents of the North-West Region of Russia (St. Petersburg), aged 18 to 77. We found an association of polymorphism in several candidate genes with body mass index, waist circumference, total cholesterol level, low density lipoprotein cholesterol level and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol level. We propose a logistic regression model for a primary assessment of these parameters in women based on corresponding genetic markers tests.
Bio-informatics and trans-genesis are creating organisms with new features
Authors: Kochetov Aleksey V , Omelyanchuk Nadezhda A , Ignateva Elena V , Likhoshvay Vitaly A , Matushkin Yuri G
Published: September 2017

Bioinformatic resources (databases of the gene nets, transcriptional and posttranscriptional expression signals, programs for recognition of functional sites and prediction of their activities) are reviewed in respect of their utility for gene engineering experiments.img src="http://elibrary.ru/pic/1pix.gif" /
Genetic mechanisms encoding biological complexity
Authors: Suslov Valentin V , Gunbin Konstantin V , Kolchanov Nikolay A
Published: September 2017

Increase in organism complexity is a global trend in evolution. Qualitatively extended complexity in eukaryotes in comparison to prokaryotes is provided by genome organization and genetic program realization. Genetic mechanisms of encoding biological complexity in pro- and eukaryotes are considered: above-triplet codes, combinatorial analysis of genetical blocks and gene network blocks, and their hierarchical interaction
The analysis of association between Collal, VDR and CALCR genes and development of osteoporosis
Authors: Moskalenko Mikhail V , Aseev Mikhail V , Kotova Svetlana A , Baranov Vladislav S
Published: September 2017

The allele rates of VDR, Collal and CALCR genes in 174 non-related individuals Northwest Russian population and in 70 patients with severe osteoporosis (SO) were investigated by PCR-RFLP method. The frequency of functionally abnormal allele t of VDR gene in a group of SO patients was Sl,4±5,9%, and it was significantly higher (p0,001) than this one in population (32,6±4,9%). Analysis of Collal gene proved significant preponderance (p0,0001) of functionally abnormal allele s in SO patients (50,0±5,9%) compared to its average frequency in population (17,5±4,9%). No significant differences (p0,05) between frequencies of functionally abnormal T allele of CALCR gene in SO (84,4±4,9%) patients and its average frequency in population were recorded (73,8±3,9%). Thus, according to our data clear-cut association between functionally abnormal alleles of VDR and Collal genes and osteoporosis
Transfer of Sym-plasmids into symbiotically active and asymbiotic rhizobia strains: properties of recombinants and possible evolutionary consequences
Authors: Provorov Nikolay A , Fokina I G , Roumiantseva Marina L , Simarov Boris V
Published: September 2017

Transfer of Sym-plasmids from the clover rhizobia to avirulent mutants of the same rhizobia species or of alfalfa rhizobia resulted in recombinants with a restored symbiotic activity. Transfer of these plasmids into the wild type isogenic strains lead to a decrease of their symbiotic activity. These data confirm the hypothesis on the crucial role of avirulent rhizobia strains in the transfer of Sym-plasmids which directs evolution of these bacteria
Autonomous variability: phenomenon and possible mechanisms
Authors: Tikhodeyev Oleg N , Zhurina Tatyana V
Published: September 2017

The present paper is devoted to autonomous variation. It is shown that such type of variation is determined by entirely stochastic molecular processes. Therefore it can't be reduced to other types of variation that depend on some differences in genetic material, developmental stage or environmental influences. Certain examples of autonomous variation in plants and animals are observed. The possible mechanisms of this variation are discussed.
Analysis of stable chromosome aberrations, revealed with FISH-method in veterans of special risk troops
Authors: Vorobcova Irina E , Lubimova Natalia E , Perova A A , Semenov Aleksey V
Published: September 2017

The frequency of stable chromosomal aberrations, detected by FISH, was found to be significantly higher in group of persons undergone low-dose irradiation (Semipalatinsk, Novaya Zemlya, South Ural) as compared to age-matched control group. The age accumulation of a stable chromosome aberrations in an age range 45-76 years was more expressed in exposed group than in control one
Analysis of ACE, AGTR1, eNOS, MTHFR, MTRR and APOE genes polymorphisms in the population of North-West of Russia
Authors: Glotov Oleg S , Glotov Andrey S , Tarasenko Olga A , Ivashchenko Tatyana E , Baranov Vladislav S
Published: September 2017

Estimation of population-specific frequencies of relevant polymorphisms in normal control population remains the major prerequisite of these studies. The polymorphisms of seven genes (ACE, AGTR1, eNOS, MTHFR, MTRR, APOE) associated with some multifactorial diseases (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes) were studied by PCR-RFLP analysis in North-West population of Russia. The group consisted of unrelated individuals of middle age (25-45) (59 men and 58 women). Distribution of relevant polymorphisms frequencies for MTHFR, MTRR, APOE, eNOS and AGTR1 genes was similar in our samples compared to these ones in some and European populations (Spain and Germany). Low frequency of D/D genotype and high frequency of I/I genotype were found in Russian compared to Spain population (D/D - 29,6 and 41%, I/I - 26,1 and 15%, respectively). No significant statistical differences in distribution of ACE polymorphisms were found between Russian and Scotland populations (D/D - 31%, I/I - 20%). This population specific differences for the polymorphisms of some genes and its obvious similarity for the other ones were disclosed
Stress induction of retrotransposons mdgl at the different spermatogenesis stages of Drosophila melanogasters males
Authors: Pivovarova Oksana V , Vasilyeva Lubov A
Published: September 2017

The induction of transposition of ТЕ mdgl has been analysed at the different stages of spermatogenesis in isogenic lines of males № 2-2 и № 16 of Drosophila melanogaster exposed to Cold Shock (CSh) and Heat Shock (HSh). We found that in response to CSh and HSh multiple transpositions of mobile elements mdgl occur in each stage of spermatogenesis. It was found that meiosis was the most sensitive stage to CSh. Exposure to HSh caused the highest rate of transpositions in the meiosis and spermatogenesis stages
Population variability of triple symbiotic system: Paramecium bursaria-zoochlorella-and algophages
Authors: Kvitko Konstantin V , Migunova Aleksandra V , Gaponova Irina N , Vorobev Konstantin P , Firsov M A , Rautian Maria S , Karelov Denis V , Andronov Evgeniy E
Published: September 2017

The triple symbiotic system (TSS): P. bursaria-Chlorella-Chlorovirus, was studied. In Eurasia we found only 2 forms TSS, named N, northern and S, southern ecotypes. Each ecotype manifested at 32°C ts (N)-or tr (S)-phenotypes. In northeren parts of P. bursaria areals, from Karelia up to Kamchatka, near Baikal and in Armenia highlands, we find only ts-viruses, in Central Asia - only tr-types. Two types of genome characters were shown by PCR of 18 S RNA-genes. According all this characters populations of zoochlorella in P. bursaria - 2 clones of obligate symbionts
Phylogenetic analysis of perfect repeats in the genomes of unicellular cyanobacteria
Authors: Mikheeva Lidia E , Orlov Yuri L , Kolchanov Nikolay A , Shestakov Sergey V
Published: September 2017

We have fulfilled in silico research of number, structure, distribution and location of direct and inverted repeated sequences in eight complete genomes of unicellular cyanobacteria. Analysis of whole genome repeats has shown utility of this approach for purposes of molecular phylogeny and ecological genomics. Comparative analysis of nonrandom repeats patterns has allowed: 1) to confirm the close genetic relationship of two Prochlorococcus marinus strains (MED4 and SS120) that have reduced genomes and inhabit the econiches with different light intensities; 2) to suggest the close phylogenetic relationship of genomes Prochlorococcus marinus MIT9313 and Synechococcus WH8102 that significantly differ by sets of lightharvesting photosystem; 3) to  reveal specific differences in genome organization between marine and freshwater cyanobacteria.
GENETIC STRUCTURE AND DIFFERENTIATION OF SIBERIAN FIR POPULATIONS LOCATED AT VARIED ELEVATIONS IN WESTERN SAYAN
Authors: Larionova Albina Y , Ekart Aleksandr K
Published: September 2017

On the basis of analysis for 19 genes coding allozyme diversity of 11 enzymes (IDH, NDH, MDH, SKDH, FE, GDH, PGM, SOD, GOT, LAP, PGI) the data about genetic diversity, structure and degree of differentiation of Siberian fir populations (Abies sibirica Ledeb) located at varied elevations in Western Sayan (400 m, 1000 m and 1500 m) were obtained. It was established that the most significant differences at genetic structure are observed between distant from each other along an elevation gradient low mountain and high mountain populations.
Increase of efficiency of QSAR — the analysis of carcinogenic activity of halogeneted hydrocarbons
Authors: Tarasov Aleksey V , Abilev Serikbay K , Velibekov Ramis M , Tarasov Valentin A
Published: September 2017

The new principle of analysis of structureactivity of carcinogenic compounds is offered. It is basis on use a compound structural descriptors representing a combination untied among themselves of structural fragments of a molecule. The computer program is developed, allowing to generate every possible structural fragments of molecules of chemical compounds and their  combinations and to carry out selection of the compound descriptors statistically significantly influencing their biological activity. In work it is used the samples consisting of 89 halogeneted hydrocarbons for which their carcinogenic activity on rodents is investigated.
Bract Reduction In Cruciferae: Genetic Control And Evolution
Authors: Penin Aleksey A , Budaev Roman A
Published: September 2017

Оne of the characteristic features of members of the Cruciferae family is an inflorescence bearing ebracteate flowers. Bract reduction is supposed to occur once in an ancestral group. The mechanisms of genetic control and the possible role of the genes that control this process are discussed.
Ecological genetics
Authors: Barabanova Larisa V
Published: September 2017

The current lecture course within the master's degree program at the department of genetics and breeding is devoted to the main subject of ecological genetics, which is based on several approaches usually used in investigation of ecological relationships. According to this principle in the context of ecological genetics such original researches as genetic control of sinecological and autoeco-logical relationships and variability of sensitivity to environmental and biological factors are discussed in detail. In the course of "Ecological genetics" the historical foreshortening of ideas and methods applied in this biological science is given.Ecological genetics
Meaning of symbiogenetics for biological education
Authors: Tikhonovich Igor A
Published: September 2017

The annotation of lecture course "Symbiogenetics" is suggested which represents the novel brunch of modern biology. It addresses the super-organism genetic systems which are formed due to interactions of non-related organisms (including pro- and eukaryotes) and ensure formation of the novel properties which extend the partners' ecological capacities. Elucidation of the universal mechanisms for establishment of inter-organisms communications enables us to develop the technologies for improving the extant symbiotic complexes and to construct the novel ones for being used in different areas of applied biology.
VARIABILITY OF PRONOTUM PATTERNS IN LADYBIRD BEETLE HARMONIA AXYRIDIS PALLAS (COLEOPTERA, COCCINELLIDAE)
Authors: Blehman Alla V
Published: September 2017

The polymorphism of pronotum patterns in ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis was studied, 14 phenotypes of this character were identified for the first time. The contingency of pronotum variability with elytral patterns were investigated. For the first time the sexual dimorphism for pronotum patterns was revealed, and its peculiarity was analyzed. The analysis of geographic variability of pronotum patterns confirms the hypothesis for existence of two subspecies in H. axyridis.
YU. A. PHILIPTSCHENKO - SCIENTIST, PEDAGOGUE, AND MANAGER OF SCIENCE
Authors: Inge-Vechtomov Sergey G
Published: September 2017

Yu.A. Philiptschenko (1882-1930) founded 1919 the first Department of Genetics in our country. 1912 he defended his master's dissertation in zoology and shifted to genetics. Sep- tember 18, 1913 docent Philiptschenko started the first in Russia course of Genetics ("Doctrine of genetics and evolution"), 1915 he issued the first his book "Variability and evolution", 1917 - "Inheritance". 1929 a textbook "Genetics" was created on their basis. 1921 he organized at KEPS "Eugenics bureau", which be- came "Genetics laboratory of Academy of Sciences of the USSR. His scientific interests embraced: genetics of qualitative and quan- titative traits, including inheritance of mental abilities in humans, eugenics, evolutionary genetics. He offered the terms: "micro- evolution" and "macroevolution". Yu.A. Philiptschenko created a large scientific school.
CHEMOSIGNALING IN CBA AND C57BL/6 MOUSE STRAINS IS MODIFIED BY STRESS
Authors: Daev Eugene V , Surinov Boris P , Dukelskaya Anna V
Published: September 2017

Chemosignaling is widespread among animals as tool for regulation of synecological interactions. Evolutional conservatism of such signaling allows us to suggest that same chemosignals play an important role in different animal species including human beings. Aversion/attraction of mouse pheromone 2,5- dimethylpyrazine (2,5-DMP) and 2,3-dimethylpyrazine (2,3-DMP) for CBA and C57BL/6 mice was studied in T-maze. It is shown that intact males and females of both strains under choice condition prefer 2,3-DMP to water and 2,5-DMP. They also prefer water to 2,5-DMP Stress after swimming modifies behavior in T-maze: all preferences disappear in C57BL/6 males and remain without changes in CBA males. Importance of behavioral changes obtained here under stress condition is discussed. Detailed studies of the preference modulation with recently shown other effects of 2,5-DMP could connect specific sensitivity to chemosignals with the pheromone, stress and genotype.
Matroclinous Inheritance of Behavioral Traits: Possible Mechanisms
Authors: Kamyshev Nikolay G , Bragina Julia V , Besedina Nataliya G , Kamysheva Elena A , Timofeeva Evgenia A , Ponomarenko Valentina V
Published: September 2017

Transmission of behavioral traits from mother to hybrids of first generation, revealed in researches performed under guidance of M.E. Lobashev and V.V. Ponomarenko since the middle of last century, is clearly adaptive and seems to be a phenomenon of general significance in biology. From the contemporary positions it may be explained by various genetic processes: sex-linked inheritance, cytoplasmic inheritance, maternal effect of nuclear genes, genomic imprinting. The review considers all of them with most attention to possible mechanisms of the late maternal effect of nuclear genes.
М.Е. Lobashev and The New Chapters in the Science - Biology, Physiology and Genetics of Conditioned Reflex
Authors: Lopatina Nina G
Published: September 2017

This article covers the ten-year period (1949-1959) of M.E. Lobashev work in the Pavlov Institute of Physiology. During this time he realized his ideas about biological adaptive role of conditioned reflex. According to Lobashev, conditioned reflex is the universal mechanism of interaction between the organism and environment, regulating the realization of genetic information, promoting active adaptation to habitat in ontogenesis and providing the functional continuity between generations ("signal inheritance").
Post-stress chemosignals affect cells from immunocompetent organs in laboratory mice of three inbred strains
Authors: Daev Eugene V , Surinov Boris P , Dukelskaya Anna V
Published: September 2017

Quantity of antibody producing cells and changes in bone marrow dividing cells of mouse males were studied after the exposure with chemosignals from intact or stressed donor mouse males. Inbred CBA, BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains were used. It is shown that excreted volatiles decrease quantity of antibody producing cells in spleen and at the same time raise the level of mitotic disturbances in bone marrow cells of recipient mice. Pheromone effect depends on genotype and physiological state of the recipients. For the first time we describe here the influence of mouse female pheromone 2,5-dimethylpyrazine on analyzed features. Biological meaning of the discovered effects is discussed.
Genetic effects of transformation of forest ecosystems
Authors: Padutov Vladimir E , Khotyleva Lubov V , Baranov Oleg U , Ivanovskaya Svetlana I
Published: September 2017

The paper covers the now population and genetic changes in forest forming species. An estimate is made of the effects exerted on genetic resources of the species by both natural environmental (global environmental changes) and human-made (environmental contamination, deforestation and fragmentation of woodlands, forest exploitation and reforestation, forest tree breeding, introduction) factors.
ROLE OF SIGNAL EXCHANGE IN CONTROL OF RHIZOBIUM - LEGUME SYMBIOSIS SPECIFICITY
Authors: Dolgikh Elena A , Leppyanen Irina V , Osipova Maria A , Tikhonovich Igor A
Published: September 2017

The signal molecules produced by legume plants and soil bacteria rhizobia and involved in early steps of symbiosis regulation were identified through the evaluation of molecular mechanisms of plant-rhizobia communication. The molecular dialog between plants and rhizobia is initiated by plant flavanoids inducing the synthesis and secretion of lipochitooligosaccharide molecules Nod factors by rhizobial bacteria. Nod factors are N-acetylglucosamine oligomers, modified by fatty acid and certain chemical groups. Nod factors trigger a set of plant reactions resulting in a formation of root nodules - nitrogen fixing symbiotic organs. Fine chemical structure of signal molecules determines host specificity of the symbiosis. Nod factors are active in low concentrations and possess mitogenic and morphogenic activity, therefore they are recognized as the new class of growth regulators. In this paper the modern data about study of Nod factor perception mechanisms and signal transduction pathway in legume plants are presented and considered with perspective for future application of these knowledge for practical increasing of symbiosis efficiency from plant side. This work was supported by RFBR 07-08-00700a (Russian Foundation of Basic Research), CRDF RUXO-012-ST-06 (BP2M12) and HIII-5399. 2008. 4, RFBR-NWO (06-04-89000-НВОЦ-а) grants.
MOLECULAR STRATEGIES AND AGRONOMIC IMPACTS OF PLANT-MICROBE SYMBIOSES
Authors: Tikhonovich Igor A , Provorov Nikolay A
Published: September 2017

The molecular mechanism of the agronomically important nutritional and defensive plantmicrobe symbioses are reviewed. These symbioses are based on the signaling interactions which result in the development of novel tissue/cellular structures and of extended metabolic capacities in the partners which improve greatly the adaptive potential of plants due to an increased tolerance to biotic or abiotic stresses. The molecular, genetic and ecological knowledge on plant-microbe interactions provide a strategy for a sustainable crop production based on substituting the agrochemicals (mineral fertilizers, pesticides) by the microbial inoculants. An improvement of plantmicrobe symbioses should involve the coordinated partners' modifications resulted in complementary combinations of their genotypes. The research presented in this paper is supported by grants from Russian Foundation of Basic Research (04-04-48457, 06-04-48800, 06-04-89000NWO); NWO Centre of Excellence: 047. 018. 001.
Melatonin influence on Drosophila melanogaster life span at different light regimes
Authors: Moskalev Aleksey A , Krementsova Anna V , Malysheva Olga A
Published: September 2017

It was investigated the combined effects of different light regimes (round-the-clock lighting or darkening) and antioxidant melatonin on Drosophila melanogaster life span of wild type strain Canton-S,mutant strain with defect of red-ox system (Sod) and mu tant strain with disturbance of excision DNA repair (mus210). It was revealed, that maintenance of Drosophila imago at round-the-clock lighting leads to decrease of mean and/or maximum life span with compare to being at darkening. Adding of melatonin to Drosophila meal induces the geroprotector effects, mainly, in dark conditions. The effects mentioned above were most expressed in strain with mutation of Sod. All effects have revealed in both sexes. The data analysis has shown that mechanisms of different light regimes and melatonin influ ence on life span are rather different.
Hyper-recombinogenity of the chimeric protein RecAX53 (Esherichia coli/Pseudomonas aeruginosa) is caused by its increased dynamics
Authors: Chervyakova Daria B , Lanzov Vladislav A
Published: September 2017

RecAX53 is the most recombinogenic protein among the chimeric RecA proteins composed ofEsherichia coli RecA (RecAEc) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa RecA (RecAPa) protein fragments. We found out that RecAX53 protein is more rapid in ATP hydrolysis, dissociation from single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), SSB protein displacement from ssDNA and in association with doublestranded DNA (dsDNA), as compared with RecAEc and RecAPa proteins. These results indicate that the RecAX53 hyper-recombinogenity is caused by high dynamics of this protein - by its rapid association with and dissociation from ssDNA. The ability of RecAX53 to bind actively with dsDNA accounts for the SOS-independent mechanism of hyper-recombination used by this protein.
The analysis of association of the minisatellite UPS29 with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Suchkova Irina O , Shubina Daria M , Yakimovsky Andrey F , Borisova Elena V , Eliseeva Nadezhda G , Sasina Ludmila K , Baranova Tatyana V , Baranov Vladislav S , Patkin Eugene L
Published: September 2017

The aim of this work was to identify new genetic markers associated with different forms of Parkinson's disease. A frequency of occurrence of different allele variants of minisatellite UPS29 localized in intron of centaurin p5 gene (CENTB5) was evaluated for patients with this pathology. The increase of frequency of UPS29 short alleles was observed for Parkinson's disease patients. This value depended on patient sex and age of pathology debut. Statistically significant difference with control was found only for females with early (30-50 years old) and late ( 60 years old) onset of Parkinson's disease. We suppose that UPS29 might be used as new genetic markers forearly (presymptomatic) diagnostics of some forms of Parkinson's disease.
Cytogenetic variability of seed progeny from trees of weeping birch (Betula pendula Roth), growingin different ecological conditions
Authors: Artyukhov Valeriy G , Kalaev Vladislav N , Karpova Svetlana S
Published: September 2017

The study of cytogenetic characteristics of weeping birch (Betula pendula Roth) seed progeny was carried out on anthropogenically polluted territories of Voronezh city, and on ecologically «clean» territory. Four groups of seedlings on each territory were revealed. They are «mutable», «low-mutable» and two intermediate groups. The description of cytogenetic characteristics of these groups was made. The results of the study may be used for recommendation on selection of maternal trees producing seeds resistant to unfavorable conditions of the environment.
Problems of rational use of genetic resources of plants resistance to diseases
Authors: Afanasenko Olga S , Novozhilov Kapiton V
Published: September 2017

The decision of a complex problem of rational use of plants genetic resources of resistance to diseases is based on principles of maintenance of a genetic diversity of resistance. The development of methodology of grain crops breeding with durable resistance to diseases is based on knowledge of evolutionary potential of most harmful pathogens and genetics of host-pathogen interactions. For molecular mapping of genes determined barley resistance to net blotch, spot blotch and scald double haploid barley populations were developed. Molecular mapping of genomes both plants and pathogens will promote the development of DNa- technologies in plant breeding.
Diludine and cerebrocrast as bioprotectors in the model test-systems in vivo
Authors: Savina Natalia V , Nikitchenko Natalia V , Dalivelya Olga V , Kuzhir Tatyana D , Bisenieks Egils , Duburs Gunars , Goncharova Roza I
Published: September 2017

An influence of two 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives (diludine and cerebrocrast) on Drosophiladevelopment and germ cell mutability was studied. It was revealed the concentration range, within which the compounds manifest their bio-stimulating effects increasing individual survival by 50-80 % as well as the protective action against the alkylating agent ethyl methanesulfonate reducing the level of induced mutations by 30-50 %. The pattern and presumable mechanisms of the bioprotective action of these compounds are considered.
Assessment of influence of petroleum pollutions of soils on the cytogenetic status and indexes of apoptosis in the cells of buccal epithelium of children
Authors: Djambetova Petimat M , Molochaeva Luisa G , Mahtieva Alla B , Sycheva Ludmila P
Published: September 2017

The some caryological indices of buccal epithelium and congenital morphogenetic variants were analyzed and convincing evidences of adverse effects of high levels of petroleum in soil on the health of children are received. Increase of cytogenetic damages (frequency of cells with micronuclei) in 5 times, apoptosis in 3 times, cells with two or more nuclei in 1,6 times, congenital morphogenetic variants in 1,2-1,4 times was revealed in children in the regions with about 1 % of oil products in soil.
Cytogenetic anomalies in gastric epithelial cells of fundic stomach region of the patients with chronic gastritis
Authors: Kitaeva Ludmila V
Published: September 2017

The stomach is one of the microecological systems of human organism. Helicobacter pylori (HP) plays especial role in gastral ecosystem. The micronucleus (MN) test for investigation of cytogenetical anomalies in fundic stomach cells in chronic gastritis patients of different age was applied. Some morphological features — protrusions for example and presence of two nuclei in mucosa cells were registrated. Marked increase of cells with MN in HP-positive patients in comparison with non-positive ones in all age groups was found. The quantity differences of dinuclear parietal cells in HP-positive patients were revealed.
Double Mutant Analysis of Sequential Functioning of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genes: Sym13, Sym33 and Sym40 During Symbiotic Nodule Development
Authors: Tsyganov Viktor E , Seliverstova Elena V , Voroshilova Vera A , Tsyganova Anna V , Pavlova Zlata B , Lebsky Vladimir K , Borisov Aleksey U , Tikhonovich Igor A , Brewin Nicholas
Published: September 2017

Two double mutants carrying pea symbiotic gene pairs sym13, sym40 and sym33, sym40, respectively, were constructed using single mutants blocked at different nodule developmental stages: E135f (sym13), SGEFix–‑1 (sym40) and SGEFix–‑2 (sym33). The epistasis of the mutant allele sym40 over the mutant allele sym13 and sym33 over sym40 was shown with respect to nodule histological and ultrastructural organisation. Thus, the proposed earlier sequential functioning of genes during infection process: Sym33→Sym40→Sym13 has been confirmed.
LTS3 gene controls light-independent chlorophyll biosynthesis in green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Chekunova Elena M , Savelieva Natalya V
Published: September 2017

The genetic control of light-independent chlorophyll biosynthesis in plant cells has been investigated using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Lts3-mutants defective in dark chlorophyll biosynthesis on the stage before protochlorophyllide to chlorophyllide conversion. In heterotrophic conditions the mutants are unable to synthesize chlorophyll and accumulate protoporphyrins, after illumination they are greening. The mutants were tested for pigment contents, activity of enzymes and expression of the genes, encoding these enzymes. The LTS3 gene has been identified by positional cloning, and the predicted LTS3 protein appeared to be a GATA transcription factor, which activate the expression of genes encoded chlorophyll biosynthesis enzymes: Mg-chelatase and glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase in the dark, and possibly, important for adaptation of plant cells for autotrophic conditions.
METABOLISM OF OSTEOTROPIC TOXICAL SUBSTANCES: HEREDITARY DETERMINATION
Authors: Starichenko Vera I
Published: September 2017

The hereditary component of the variability (intrafamily correlation) of the metabolism of osteotropic toxical substances — sup90/supSr (a single injection) and stable fluorine (a chronic entering) were evaluated in laboratory linear mice in comparison with correlation of the morphological signs, hereditary of development of which is known. The evaluation was made with the control of the effects of sex, age and linear membership of animals and also taking into account the conditions of their development and the size of offspring. Significant intrafamily correlation of the concentration of sup90/supSr and of fluorine in bone tissuewas revealed (r = 0,4–0,5; p 0,0001). It can be compared with the correlation of morphological signs, which is the evidence of hereditary determinacy of the metabolism of osteotropic toxical substances.
Characterization of variability of the gene Nad1 intron in representatives of genus Vicia L. (Fabaceae Lindl.)
Authors: Ryzhova Natalia N , Dyachenko Elena A , Vishnyakova Margarita A , Kochieva Elena Z
Published: September 2017

For the first time the sequences of b/c intron of mitochondrial gene Nad1 have been determined in representatives of 13 Vicia species. It is shown that the sequences of the intron of the gene in these species is highly conservative. In total 23 variable sites and 11 indels have been determined with the intron length 1421–1447 b. p. On the basis of the results of pre-m-RNA intron folding the main elements of its secondary structure have been determined as well as the sites of interdomain interactions. The peculiarities of primary and secondary structure of intron Nad1 in Vicia have been characterized.