bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IL-6 and diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Zhang Lei , Xu Futian , Hou Liyan
Published: December 2024

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a severe microvascular complication of diabetes associated with high mortality and disability rates. Inflammation has emerged as a key pathological mechanism in DKD, prompting interest in novel therapeutic approaches targeting inflammatory pathways. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a well-established inflammatory cytokine known for mediating various inflammatory responses, has attracted great attention in the DKD field. Although multiple in vivo and in vitro studies highlight the potential of targeting IL-6 in DKD treatment, its exact roles in the disease remains unclear. This review presents the roles of IL-6 in the pathogenesis of DKD, including immunoinflammation, metabolism, hemodynamics, and ferroptosis. In addition, we summarize the current status of IL-6 inhibitors in DKD-related clinical trials and discuss the potential of targeting IL-6 for treating DKD in the clinic.
Infiltrating macrophages and interferon gamma rather than renal genotype dictate heightened crescentic glomerulonephritis
Authors: Du Yong , Fu Yuyang , Gao Yuyang , Poojitha Dugyala , Kamala Vanarsa , Li Quanzhen , Zhou Xinjing , Mohan Chandra
Published: December 2024

Background

Both intrinsic renal cells and immune cells contribute to driving renal inflammation and damage. However, the respective roles of intrinsic renal cells and immune cells in crescentic glomerulonephritis, and the key molecular factors driving pathogenesis are still unclear.

Methods

The roles of intrinsic renal cells and renal infiltrating immune cells in crescent formation were explored using renal transplantation after experimental anti-GBM disease induction in 129x1/svJ and C57BL/6J mice. Both strains share MHC, but vary in anti-GBM nephritis susceptibility. The role of macrophage and IFN-γ in crescent formation was investigated using adoptive transfer of macrophages with altered IFN-γ expression. The gene expression profile difference between 129x1/svJ and C57BL/6J macrophages was compared using Affymetrix arrays and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis.

Results

B6 recipient mice transplanted with 129x1/svJ kidneys were resistant to anti-GBM challenge, as evidenced by stable renal function and less severe renal pathology. Conversely, 129x1/svJ recipient mice receiving B6 kidneys developed severe renal damage with crescent formation, comparable to the disease in parental 129x1/svJ mice. 129x1/svJ macrophages exhibited heightened IFN-γ and IFN-γ related gene expression compared to B6 macrophages. Adoptive transfer of 129x1/svJ macrophages with subdued IFN-γ expression reduced anti-GBM nephritis, while B6 macrophages with up-regulated IFN- γ expression worsened renal damage.

Conclusion

Using renal transplantation between 129x1/svJ and C57BL/6J mice and anti-GBM disease induction, we found infiltrating immune cells, not intrinsic renal cells, to play the dominant role in initialing and driving glomerular crescent formation. In particular, macrophage IFN-γ expression was critical for crescent formation.
Case report: A rare case of Leclercia adecarboxylata bacteremia in an immunocompetent psychiatric patient: exploring the links between mental health and infectious diseases
Authors: Yan Fei , Ruan Xi , Tang Qin , Song Guo Lin , Xie Ren Fang , Bao Xing Chen
Published: December 2024

This study aims to explore the pathogenic potential of Leclercia adecarboxylata as a rare pathogen in immunocompetent individuals and to analyze how mental health status may influence susceptibility to infection. We report a case of bacteremia in a 31-year-old immunocompetent female who developed L. adecarboxylata infection during an episode of severe depression. Although the patient exhibited self-harm tendencies, a thorough physical examination did not reveal any external wounds or signs of injury. This case demonstrates that, despite the absence of obvious external infection sources, invasive procedures, or visible trauma, L. adecarboxylata can induce severe bacteremia in immunocompetent individuals. The patient presented with high fever and systemic inflammatory response, with blood cultures confirming the presence of L. adecarboxylata, and chest imaging showing bilateral lower lobe inflammation. Following treatment with ceftriaxone, the patient’s symptoms rapidly improved, and infection markers normalized. This study elucidates the potential mechanisms by which L. adecarboxylata can cause infection in immunocompetent individuals and examines the influence of mental health on infection susceptibility. It provides new insights into the complex relationship between mental illness and infection, highlighting the need for further investigation into how mental health may affect infection risk and its clinical management. In conjunction with existing research, this study discusses how psychological stress and behavioral patterns may increase infection risk and recommends future research to further explore the interplay between mental disorders and infectious diseases.
Identification and validation of the diagnostic biomarker MFAP5 for CAVD with type 2 diabetes by bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Shen Qiang , Fan Lin , Jiang Chen , Yao Dingyi , Qian Xingyu , Tong Fuqiang , Fan Zhengfeng , Liu Zongtao , Dong Nianguo , Zhang Chao , Shi Jiawei
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is increasingly prevalent among the aging population, and there is a notable lack of drug therapies. Consequently, identifying novel drug targets will be of utmost importance. Given that type 2 diabetes is an important risk factor for CAVD, we identified key genes associated with diabetes - related CAVD via various bioinformatics methods, which provide further potential molecular targets for CAVD with diabetes.

Methods

Three transcriptome datasets related to CAVD and two related to diabetes were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. To distinguish key genes, differential expression analysis with the “Limma” package and WGCNA was applied. Machine learning (ML) algorithms were employed to screen potential biomarkers. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and nomogram were then constructed. The CIBERSORT algorithm was utilized to investigate immune cell infiltration in CAVD. Lastly, the association between the hub genes and 22 types of infiltrating immune cells was evaluated.

Results

By intersecting the results of the “Limma” and WGCNA analyses, 727 and 190 CAVD - related genes identified from the GSE76717 and GSE153555 datasets were obtained. Then, through differential analysis and interaction, 619 genes shared by the two diabetes mellitus datasets were acquired. Next, we intersected the differential genes and module genes of CAVD with the differential genes of diabetes, and the obtained genes were used for subsequent analysis. ML algorithms and the PPI network yielded a total of 12 genes, 10 of which showed a higher diagnostic value. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that immune dysregulation was closely linked to CAVD progression. Experimentally, we have verified the gene expression differences of MFAP5, which has the potential to serve as a diagnostic biomarker for CAVD.

Conclusion

In this study, a multi-omics approach was used to identify 10 CAVD-related biomarkers (COL5A1, COL5A2, THBS2, MFAP5, BTG2, COL1A1, COL1A2, MXRA5, LUM, CD34) and to develop an exploratory risk model. Western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence experiments revealed that MFAP5 plays a crucial role in the progression of CAVD in the context of diabetes, offering new insights into the disease mechanism.
Photobiomodulation therapy for congenital color vision deficiency: results of a preliminary randomized clinical trial
Authors: Liu Yidi , Yang Qinghua , Yu Jun , Jia Liang
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study presents a novel randomized controlled trial investigating photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy as an intervention method for color vision deficiency (CVD).

Methods

A total of 74 participants with CVD were assigned to either the PBM group or the control group. In the PBM group, participants wore virtual reality (VR) goggles twice daily, with a 12-h interval, over a four-week period. The VR video consisted of alternating red and green images, each presented for 5 s, totaling 6 min and 20 s. No treatment was administered to the control group. Color vision improvement was assessed using Yu’s, Ishihara’s pseudoachromatic plates, Color Blindness Check (CBC), and FM-100 Hue total error score (TES).

Results

After 4 weeks, in terms of Yu’s and Ishihara’s Plates, the patients in PBM group could identify increasing pieces (before: 1.6 ± 1.6, 2.3 ± 2.2; 4 weeks: 6.5 ± 4.4, 5.4 ± 2.9), while in control group, the number was before: 2.6 ± 3.4, 2.6 ± 2.5; 4 weeks: 3.3 ± 3.6, 2.9 ± 2.2. As for CBC scores, the patients in PBM also showed improved high scores (before: 2353.3 ± 700.0; 4 weeks: 2693.6 ± 642.5). Moreover, PBM treatment resulted in a significant reduction of FM-100 scores (before: 298.0 ± 211.3; 4 weeks: 202.1 ± 114.4).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that PBM therapy holds promise as a potential treatment option for individuals with CVD.

Clinical trial registration

The study received approval from the Ethics Committee of PLA General Hospital, China (KY2021-017). Additionally, it was registered as a Chinese domestic clinical trial (ChiCTR2200056761) at “http://Chictr.org.cn/index.aspx”.
Efficiency of a non-recycling postharvest fungicide drencher to enhance management of apple decay and food safety
Authors: Amiri Achour , Murphy Claire M. , Hoheisel Gween A. , Haskell Clayton L. , Critzer Faith
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Recycling drenchers used to apply postharvest fungicides in pome fruit may spread microorganisms, i.e., plant and foodborne pathogens, that increase fruit loss and impact food safety.

Methods

A non-recycling field drencher (FD), which drenches unstacked bins of fruit, was compared to a commercial recycling packinghouse drencher (CPD) for fruit coverage, fungicide residues, postharvest diseases control and spread of plant pathogens, total coliforms and generic Escherichia coli. A mixture of fludioxonil (FDL) and thiabendazole (TBZ) was used in 2021, while pyrimethanil (PYR) was applied in 2022 to alternate fungicides.

Results

The overall spray coverage assessed with pyranine was not significantly different between the FD and CPD. The residue levels of FDL and TBZ were similar between the two methods on Honeycrisp apples at the top, middle, and the bottom of the bins, whereas the residue levels of PYR were significantly lower at the bottom of the bins treated through the FD. The density of plant pathogens and overall disease incidence were similar on apples drenched through both systems in 2021 and significantly lower in FD-treated apples in 2022. The incidence of blue mold, the most important postharvest disease caused by Penicillium spp., was significantly lower in apples treated through the FD in both years. The levels of total coliforms and generic E. coli were significantly higher in fungicide solutions collected from the CPD compared to the FD. Total coliforms increased significantly on apples treated via the CPD but not on apples treated through the FD.

Discussion

Findings from this study suggest that the new non-recycling drencher has potential as an alternative to recycling packinghouse drenchers in reducing the spread of plant and foodborne pathogens.
Effects of butylphthalide sodium chloride injection combined with edaravone dexborneol on neurological function and serum inflammatory factor levels in sufferers having acute progressive cerebral infarction
Authors: Li Yaqiang , Liu Jie , Zhu Yuanyuan , Xue Min , He Jiale
Published: December 2024

Objectives

For investigating an influence on butylphthalide sodium chloride injection combined with edaravone dextromethorphan on neurological function, serum free radical levels, and serum inflammatory factor levels in sufferers having acute progressive cerebral infarction (APCI).

Methods

A cohort of 200 patients, afflicted by APCI and admitted to our healthcare institution between December 2018 through July 2023, were incorporated into this longitudinal prospective analysis. Employing a random number table methodology, the patient cohort was bifurcated into a control group (n = 100) and an observation group (n = 100). The control group is treated with butylphthalide sodium chloride injection and the study group is treated with edaravone dexborneol, based on the control group. The posttreatment curative efficacy on the two groups is recorded, and treatment of both the two groups is compared. Before and after neurological function indexes (NIHSS and BI), inflammatory factor indexes (hs-CRP, IL-8, and TNF-a), serum free radical levels (ROS, NO, and SOD), and contrasted between the two groups of treatment effect during therapy.

Results

Compared with the control (65%), the observation group exhibited a significantly higher effective rate of around 89%. In the observation group, the improvement in NIHSS, and Barthel index scores; inflammatory indexes including hs-CRP, IL-8, and TNF-a; and serum free radical levels including ROS, NO, and SOD in peripheral blood was better than the control group, with significant difference (all P<0.05).

Conclusion

The clinical efficacy of edaravone dexborneol combined with butylphthalide sodium chloride injection in the treatment of acute progressive cerebral infarction is precise, which can effectively reduce the level of inflammatory factors and serum free radicals in patients, improve the neurological function of patients, and reduce the damage of cerebral cells, and the safety is high.
Subtemporal approach for posterior communicating artery aneurysms
Authors: Lan Jing , Huang Xiao , Liu Yue , Zhang Ting-bao , Chen Jin-cao , Li Zheng-wei
Published: December 2024

Background and objectives

Direct visualization of the aneurysmal neck and its related perforating arteries during microsurgical clipping of posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysms with posterior projection or true PCoA aneurysms through the pterional approach may be difficult and complicated.

Methods

From January 2022 to January 2023, the clinical and angiographic information regarding PCoA aneurysms were retrospectively collected. Among them, 10 consecutive patients with PCoA aneurysms treated with microsurgical clipping via the subtemporal approach in our single institution were included. Herein, we analyzed and summarized our experience and clinical outcomes to further evaluate the efficacy, safety and feasibility of this approach as well as the indications.

Results

All aneurysms were completely clipped via the subtemporal approach. With respect to procedure-related complications, postoperative oculomotor nerve palsy occurred in one patient (10%), contralateral cerebral infarction in one patient (10%), and intraoperative rupture of the aneurysm in three patients (30%). There were no cases of temporal lobe contusion or venous injury in this group. Overall, Good outcomes were obtained in 9 patients (90%), and poor functional outcome was observed in 1 patient (10%) at the last follow-up.

Conclusion

The management of true PCoA aneurysms and PCoA aneurysms projecting posteriorly is more complicated and challenging, and treating these lesions entails considerable risks via the pterional approach. Considering the above problems, we attempted to treat these refractory PCoA aneurysms through the subtemporal approach. Our results suggested that microsurgical clipping of these aneurysms via the subtemporal approach can achieve good clinical outcomes with a high preservation rate of the related branches. Appropriate patient selection, fully grasp of indications, precise understanding of the anatomy and thorough preoperative planning are crucial for successful surgery. The subtemporal approach appears to be a relatively safe and effective procedure in the experienced hands, and may be an alternative method for patients with true PCoA aneurysms or projecting posteriorly PCoA aneurysms which cannot be easily clipped from the pterional approach. It can provide a better lateral view to visualize the neck of the aneurysm, PCoA and its perforating vessels, as well as the other structures.
Galvanic vestibular stimulation for the postural rehabilitation of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy
Authors: Silva Tatiana Rocha , Labanca Ludimila , Caporali Júlia Fonseca de Morais , Tavares Mauricio Campelo , Rausse Nathália de Castro Botini , de Almeida Maria Júlia Amaral Abranches , Martins Maxmilliam de Souza , Amorim Laura Fernandes , Sitibaldi Léo Dantas , Gonçalves Denise Utsch
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is a simple, safe, and noninvasive method of neurostimulation that can be used to improve body balance. Several central nervous system diseases cause alterations in body balance, including HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM).

Objective

To test GVS as a balance rehabilitation strategy for HAM.

Methods

This study is a quasi-experimental clinical trial in which postural balance was compared before and after a GVS rehabilitation protocol applied to 20 patients with HAM, 12 women and 8 men, average age of 78 and 79 years, respectively. They were followed for nine months after the end of the GVS protocol, which consisted of one GVS session per week for 12 consecutive weeks. The GVS current intensity was progressively increased from 1.0 milliamperes (mA) to 3.5 mA until the third session and maintained at 3.5 mA until the 12th session. The electrical stimulation time progressively increased from 9 min in the first session to 18 min in the second session and maintained at 30 min from the third session onwards. Postural balance was assessed by Time up and go test (TUG), Berg balance scale (BBS) and posturography that were performed before the beginning of the intervention, during the intervention (6th week), at the end of the intervention (12th week) and after 9 months of follow-up without electrical stimulation.

Results

In a blind comparison, in the 12th week of stimulation, improvement was observed in all the tests. In TUG, time in seconds changed from 28 before to 18 after GVS (p < 0,001). In BBS, the score changed from 29.00 before to 41.00 points after GVS. In posturography, the stability limit improved after the intervention (p < 0.05). However, after nine months without stimulation, the gain was lost for TUG, for BBS and for stability limit.

Conclusion

GVS was an effective method to improve postural instability of patients with HAM in the short term, but the gain in postural stability was not maintained in the long term. A device for home use may be an option for long-term use.
Oxidative balance score is associated with the risk of diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: evidence from NHANES 2007–2018
Authors: Liang Yu , Xu Zhonggao , Wang Wanning
Published: December 2024

Objective

The oxidative balance score (OBS) is a comprehensive measure of oxidative stress that is calculated from the combined prooxidant and antioxidant scores of 16 dietary components and four lifestyle factors. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between OBS and the risk of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

Data were obtained from the NHANES. A cross-sectional study was conducted using multiple logistic regression. Covariate effects of this relationship were also examined using subgroup analysis.

Results

We evaluated 3,669 T2DM participants, among whom DKD prevalence was 30.87%. In a fully adjusted logistic regression model, the risk of DKD among participants with OBS, lifestyle OBS, and dietary OBS in the highest quartile group was 0.50 times (95% CI: 0.39 to 0.65), 0.54 times (95% CI: 0.41–0.71), and 0.45 times (95% CI: 0.32–0.63), respectively, than that in the lowest quartile group, respectively. In addition, participants who scored in the top quartiles of OBS were more likely to possess higher levels of education and income. A stratified analysis demonstrated the robustness of these findings.

Conclusion

OBS negatively correlates with the risk of DKD among individuals with T2DM.
Association between serum β-carotene and suicidal ideation in adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lv Jihua , Xu Tong , Lou Shuyue , Zhan Zhenxiang , Cheng Zicheng , Fu Fangwang
Published: December 2024

Background

The aim was to ascertain whether serum carotenoid levels are linked to suicidal ideation, along with how depressive disorder influences the association.

Methods

This research was conducted using a cross-sectional design and encompassed 7,335 adults from the United States. The levels of serum carotenoids, encompassing α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein/zeaxanthin, were ascertained by employing high-performance liquid chromatography. Item nine of the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used to evaluate suicidal ideation. The study used multivariable-adjusted logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models to ascertain the link between serum carotenoid levels and suicidal ideation. Mediation and stratified analyses were used to ascertain the impact of depressed symptoms on the association between serum carotenoid levels and suicidal ideation.

Results

Out of the total participants, 245 individuals (3.3%) reported having suicidal ideation. Participants who had suicidal ideation showed lower levels of serum α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lutein/zeaxanthin compared to those who did not have suicidal ideation. After controlling potential confounding factors, serum β-carotene level was still associated with risk of suicidal ideation (per 1–standard deviation (SD) increment, odds ratio [OR]: 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55–0.98). The mediation analysis revealed that 36.3% of this association was mediated by the severity of depressive symptoms. Stratified analysis manifested that the association remained in depressed people but was attenuated in people without depressive disorder.

Conclusion

Increased serum β-carotene level may decrease the susceptibility to suicidal ideation, especially in depressed people. Further intervention studies are needed to validate whether β-carotene consumption contributes to preventing suicidal ideation.
Case report: Anesthesia management for surgical treatment of glucagonoma with symptom of characterized necrolytic migratory erythema
Authors: Xia Di , Shen Le
Published: December 2024

Background

The anesthetic management of patients with glucagonoma is complicated by a number of factors including glucose fluctuation, characterized necrolytic migratory erythema in oral and pharyngeal, which may lead to an unexpected difficult airway.

Case presentation

Herein we describe the anesthetic considerations and management of a 47-year-old adult with glucagonoma, who presented for a laparoscopic splenectomy and distal pancreatectomy procedure.

Conclusion

This report details fiberoptic intubation in an adult with glucagonoma and necrolytic migratory erythema. We recommend that this approach be considered in patients with glucagonoma and severe necrolytic migratory erythema undergoing general anesthesia.
Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast containing three histological components: a case report
Authors: Liu Huan , Zhao Gang , Fan Zhimin , Wu Di , Qu Fengjiang
Published: December 2024

Malignant breast tumors mainly arise from the ductal and lobular epithelium, whereas sarcomas, which originate from the stromal tissues of the breast, account for less than 5% of cases. Mostly, these tumors consist of a single tissue type, rendering malignant breast tumors with three distinct tissue types exceedingly rare. We report a unique case of a malignant breast tumor comprising three tissue types: squamous cell carcinoma (approximately 25%), invasive ductal carcinoma (approximately 5%), and fibrosarcoma (approximately 70%). Given the case’s rarity, pre-operative imaging and tumor biopsy failed to yield definitive diagnostic information, we detail the patient’s clinical and therapeutic process, providing insights for physicians on clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Open-ended urethral catheters reduce catheter obstruction after hypospadias repair
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Yu Kechi , Fang Erhu , Li Ning
Published: December 2024

Backgrounds

Urethral catheter obstruction is a notable issue that pediatric patients with hypospadias may encounter in the early postoperative period. This retrospective study aims to assess the efficacy of open-ended urethral catheters with 2 side holes in mitigating catheter obstruction in pediatric patients following hypospadias repair.

Materials and methods

The clinical data of pediatric patients who underwent hypospadias repair surgery from January 2021 to October 2023 were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into 2 groups. Those who used standard Foley catheters were referred to as Group A, while those who used modified open-ended catheters were referred to as Group B. The primary outcome was the incidence of catheter obstruction within 7 days postoperatively.

Results

A total of 297 patients were included in this study, with 142 patients in Group A and 155 patients in Group B. In Group A, there were 12 cases of catheter obstruction, with 10 cases resolved through irrigation and 2 cases requiring additional catheters insertion by suprapubic bladder punctures. In Group B, only 4 cases experienced catheter obstruction, which were effectively and easily resolved through maneuver irrigation. The incidence of catheter obstruction in Group B was statistically significantly lower than that in Group A (2.6% vs. 8.5%, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

In pediatric hypospadias patients who underwent surgical repair, the use of open-ended urethral catheters with 2 side holes significantly diminishes the incidence of postoperative catheter obstruction. This simple technique is worthy of promotion.
DCP-YOLOv7x: improved pest detection method for low-quality cotton image
Authors: Ma Yukun , Wei Yajun , Ma Minsheng , Ning Zhilong , Qiao Minghui , Awada Uchechukwu
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Pests are important factors affecting the growth of cotton, and it is a challenge to accurately detect cotton pests under complex natural conditions, such as low-light environments. This paper proposes a low-light environments cotton pest detection method, DCP-YOLOv7x, based on YOLOv7x, to address the issues of degraded image quality, difficult feature extraction, and low detection precision of cotton pests in low-light environments.

Methods

The DCP-YOLOv7x method first enhances low-quality cotton pest images using FFDNet (Fast and Flexible Denoising Convolutional Neural Network) and the EnlightenGAN low-light image enhancement network. This aims to generate high-quality pest images, reduce redundant noise, and improve target features and texture details in low-light environments. Next, the DAttention (Deformable Attention) mechanism is introduced into the SPPCSPC module of the YOLOv7x network to dynamically adjust the computation area of attention and enhance the feature extraction capability. Meanwhile, the loss function is modified, and NWD (Normalized Wasserstein Distance) is introduced to significantly improve the detection precision and convergence speed of small targets. In addition, the model detection head part is replaced with a DyHead (Dynamic Head) structure, which dynamically fuses the features at different scales by introducing dynamic convolution and multi-head attention mechanism to enhance the model's ability to cope with the problem of target morphology and location variability.

Results

The model was fine-tuned and tested on the Exdark and Dk-CottonInsect datasets. Experimental results show that the detection Precision (P) of DCP-YOLOv7x for cotton pests is 95.9%, and the Mean Average Precision (mAP@0.5) is 95.4% under a low-light environments, showing improvements of 14.4% and 15.6%, respectively, compared to YOLOv7x. Experiments on the Exdark datasets also achieved better detection results, verifying the effectiveness of the DCP-YOLOv7x model in different low-light environments.

Discussion

Fast and accurate detection of cotton pests using DCP-YOLOv7x provides strong theoretical support for improving cotton quality and yield. Additionally, this method can be further integrated into agricultural edge computing devices to enhance its practical application value.
Agronomic performance of mung bean (Vigna radiata) with the application of extracts from Clausena anisata, Clutia abyssinica, and Lobelia giberroa under field conditions
Authors: Kessy Godfrey Adolph , Mkindi Angela Gerald , Binagwa Papias Hongera , Ndakidemi Patrick Alois
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the effects of four plant extracts on the agronomic performance of mung bean (Vigna radiata) during the 2020 growing season at two sites in the northern highlands of Tanzania, namely Miwaleni and TARI Selian, located in the Kilimanjaro and Arusha regions, respectively. The extracts tested included Tephrosia vogelii, Clutia abyssinica, Clausena anisata, and Lobelia giberroa, using a randomized complete block design with four replications. Extract concentrations ranged from 0 to 10,000 mg, with the mung bean variety “Imara” being used. The results indicated that the Miwaleni site significantly outperformed SARI Selian in grain yield, with 762 and 279 kg ha−1, and plant height, with 59.6 and 58.6 cm, respectively. Notably, L. gibelloa produced the highest grain yield at 583.6 kg ha−1, significantly (p = 0.011) greater than that of C. anisata (434.7 kg ha−1). Yields from T. vogelii (542.8 kg ha−1) and C. abyssinica (521.6 kg ha−1) were not significantly different from L. gibelloa. For plant height, C. abyssinica and L. gibelloa had the tallest averages at 60.1 and 60.3 cm, respectively, although these differences were not statistically significant. The interaction between extract concentrations and their effects on yield and height was also examined. At 0% concentration, L. gibelloa had the highest yield (648.8 kg ha−1) and height (65 cm). A concentration of 100 mg generally improved yields for the majority of extracts, particularly C. abyssinica (569.8 kg ha−1), while higher concentrations (1,000 and 10,000 mg) led to significant reductions in yield and height, especially for C. anisata. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing extract levels and considering site-specific factors for enhancing mung bean productivity and sustainability, emphasizing the potential of L. gibelloa in improving yields.
Navigating Through Innovation in Elderly’s Health: A Scoping Review of Digital Health Interventions
Authors: Hirmas-Adauy Macarena , Castillo-Laborde Carla , Awad Camila , Jasmen Anita , Mattoli Maurizio , Molina Xaviera , Olea Andrea , Matute Isabel , Soto Fernando , Rubilar Paola , Urrejola Oscar , Alfaro Tania , Abusleme Lama María Teresa , Esnouf Sophie
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Comprehensively map and summarize digital health initiatives for the elderly and caregivers.

Methods

Scoping review between April and May 2022 based on Joanna Briggs methodology. Databases used included PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL Plus, and Web of Science, along with grey literature and hand searches. Two reviewers independently conducted screening and eligibility phases, with a third resolving disagreements. Data were thematically analyzed.

Results

The review included 421 documents. Most documents were published between 2013 and 2022, with a recent increase. Most studies, originating from high-income countries, focused on home applications and were mainly in the testing and validation stages. Telephones and computers were the predominant devices. Health objectives included monitoring, prevention, and treatment, with interventions utilizing directed communication and personal health monitoring for individuals, and telemedicine and decision support for healthcare providers.

Conclusion

Increasing integration of technology in older adults’ lives, along with their increasing proficiency, is driving a significant rise in digital health interventions. Despite this growth, further research in middle- and low-income countries, for caregivers and evaluating effectiveness and feasibility of these technological interventions is needed.
Reducing Antenna Leakage in Quasi-Monostatic Satellite Radar Using Planar Metamaterials
Authors: Khalvati Mohammad Reza , Bovey Dominique
Published: December 2024

In an autonomous robotic space debris removal mission, an essential sensor used for navigation is an FMCW radar designed for close-range relative navigation. To achieve the required range performance, minimizing RF leakage between the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) antennas is essential for the accurate detection of the range and velocity of the targeted space debris. Antennas positioned above the metallic satellite front face are highly susceptible to RF leakage, primarily caused by surface current propagation and lateral waves traveling parallel to the platform. This study presents two lightweight, single-layer planar metamaterials—a novel compact electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) and a non-uniform high-impedance surface (HIS)—optimized to suppress both surface waves and interact with space waves within the 9.3–9.8 GHz frequency range. These designs address strict size, weight, and power (SWaP) constraints while ensuring compatibility with extreme space conditions and resistance to mechanical shocks. Experimental validation indicates that a minimum Tx/Rx isolation improvement of 10 dB is achieved using the HIS, and 20 dB is achieved using the EBG across the radar’s operational bandwidth (5%).
Comparative Analysis of Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithms for Hover-to-Cruise Transition Maneuvers of a Tilt-Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Akhtar Mishma , Maqsood Adnan
Published: December 2024

Work on trajectory optimization is evolving rapidly due to the introduction of Artificial-Intelligence (AI)-based algorithms. Small UAVs are expected to execute versatile maneuvers in unknown environments. Prior studies on these UAVs have focused on conventional controller design, modeling, and performance, which have posed various challenges. However, a less explored area is the usage of reinforcement-learning algorithms for performing agile maneuvers like transition from hover to cruise. This paper introduces a unified framework for the development and optimization of a tilt-rotor tricopter UAV capable of performing Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) and efficient hover-to-cruise transitions. The UAV is equipped with a reinforcement-learning-based control system, specifically utilizing algorithms such as Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG), Trust Region Policy Optimization (TRPO), and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO). Through extensive simulations, the study identifies PPO as the most robust algorithm, achieving superior performance in terms of stability and convergence compared with DDPG and TRPO. The findings demonstrate the efficacy of DRL in leveraging the unique dynamics of tilt-rotor UAVs and show a significant improvement in maneuvering precision and control adaptability. This study demonstrates the potential of reinforcement-learning algorithms in advancing autonomous UAV operations by bridging the gap between dynamic modeling and intelligent control strategies, underscoring the practical benefits of DRL in aerial robotics.
Genetic Analysis of Flowering Time of Ethiopian Barley Accessions Under Field and Climate Chamber Conditions
Authors: Teklemariam Surafel Shibru , Bayissa Kefyalew Negisho , Matros Andrea , Pillen Klaus , Ordon Frank , Wehner Gwendolin
Published: December 2024

The flowering time is one of the traits strongly influencing grain yield. In barley, the flowering time is mostly determined by the photoperiod, vernalization, and timely rainfall. As Ethiopia is located near the equator, the photoperiod and vernalization have a minimum effect on barley, but rainfall and temperatures are major challenges. In this study, 260 Ethiopian barley accessions were evaluated for flowering time at four different locations in Ethiopia in three years. Additionally, a set of 196 accessions was evaluated in climate chambers with corresponding environmental parameters. According to the results, the sum of the daily temperature of growing days strongly influenced the flowering time. The mean flowering time of the warmer Melkassa location was 15, 7, and 4 days earlier than of the cooler Holetta location and the less warm Debrezeit and Dera locations, respectively. On the other hand, the flowering time in the climate chamber was delayed by 52 and 37 days than that at the Melkassa and Holetta locations, respectively; its lowest average daily temperature (18 °C), compared to Melkassa (28.0 °C) and Holetta (22.1 °C), might be the reason. GWAS identified MTAs on chromosomes 5H at 571.62 to 572.54 Mb as strongly associated with the flowering time at warm locations (Melkassa, Dera, and Debrezeit); MTAs on chromosome 2H at 25.1 and 29.3 Mb turned out to be associated with the flowering time at Holetta and in the climate chamber, respectively. Important factors that influence the flowering times of Ethiopian barley landraces and associated SNP markers are identified in this study, which might be useful to consider in future barley breeding programs.
Determination of Biomechanical Parameters and Development of an Improved FEM Model for Perennial Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Roots
Authors: Wang Shuo , Liu Xuanting , Qi Hongyan , Xu Zihe , Ma Yunhai
Published: December 2024

Grassland degradation and reduced yields are often linked to the root soil composite of perennial alfalfa roots. This study introduces a novel modeling approach to accurately characterize root biomechanical properties, assist in the design of soil-loosening and root-cutting tools. Our model conceptualizes the root as a composite structure of cortex and stele, applying transversely isotropic properties to the stele and isotropic properties to the cortex. Material parameters were derived from longitudinal tension, longitudinal compression, transverse compression, and shear tests. The constitutive model of stele was Hashin failure criteria, accounting for differences in tensile and compressive strengths. Results reveal that root tensile strength mainly depends on the stele, with its tensile properties exceeding compressive and transverse strengths by 4–10 times. In non-longitudinal tensile stress scenarios, like shear and transverse compression tests, the new model demonstrated superior accuracy over conventional models. Results of shear tests were further validated using non-parametric statistical analysis. This study provides a finite element method (FEM) modeling approach that, by integrating root anatomical features and biomechanical properties, significantly enhances simulation accuracy. This provides a tool for designing low-energy consumption components in grassland degradation restoration and conservation tillage.
Overview of Clinical Relevance of Antibodies Against Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (oLAb) Within Three Decades by ELISA Technology
Authors: Wonisch Willibald , Tatzber Franz , Lindschinger Meinrad , Falk Andreas , Resch Ulrike , Mörkl Sabrina , Zarkovic Neven , Cvirn Gerhard
Published: December 2024

One of the most prominent actions of oxidative stress is the attack of free radicals on poylyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), initiating a chain reaction to modify these PUFAs and generate oxidized modifications on all biomolecules. In the last quarter of the 20th century, intensive research was carried out to identify antibodies against such modifications. In the mid-1990s, the first enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was introduced to the market, significantly accelerating research activities and knowledge gain. During this pioneering period, the main focus was on cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and other diseases associated with oxidative stress. Subsequently, a standard range of these antibodies against oxidized LDL (oLAb) was determined in the population. Furthermore, the impact of exhaustive physical activity and diet on oLAb titers, and the correlation between newborns and mothers after delivery, as well as nutritional intake in newborns, were evaluated. Subsequently, the harmful effects of smoking and many other areas regarding oLAb titer were published, resulting in novel approaches for prognostic and therapeutic options, in particular through studies with antioxidants, which were able to influence oLAb significantly. This review presents an overview of the research activities obtained with this ELISA over the past three decades.
Circulating Glutathione Peroxidase-3 in Elderly—Association with Renal Function, Cardiovascular Mortality, and Impact of Selenium and Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation
Authors: Alexander Jan , Aaseth Jan Olav , Schomburg Lutz , Chillon Thilo Samson , Larsson Anders , Alehagen Urban
Published: December 2024

Low-selenium status was associated with impaired renal function, which improved after selenium and coenzyme Q10 supplementation in an RCT. Here, we evaluated serum glutathione peroxidase-3 (GPx3) and its relation to serum selenium, selenoprotein P (SELENOP), renal function, mortality, and the impact of supplementation, which are all important, especially in elderly individuals. In total, 383 study participants (197 receiving selenium yeast and coenzyme Q10 and 186 on a placebo) were evaluated. We applied benchmark dose modelling to determine GPx3 saturation, ANCOVA, Kaplan–Meier, and multivariate Cox proportional regression analyses for mortality evaluations. Selenium and GPx3 activity were modestly correlated. In comparison with SELENOP, GPx3 levelled off at a much lower value, 100 vs. 150 µg Se/L. GPx3 was associated with renal function, but not SELENOP. Supplementation increased glomerular function by ≈23% with an increase in GPx3. Being low in GPx3 displayed twice the risks of mortality in both placebos and active treatments. At serum selenium <100 µg/L, GPx3 activity was dependent on both selenium status and renal function. As renal function is reduced in the elderly, GPx3 is not an appropriate marker of selenium status. Low GPx3 was associated with an increased risk of mortality dependent of selenium status and independent of renal function.
Improving the Effect of Calcined Salt Mud on Mechanical Properties of 3D Printing Materials Using Recycled Construction Aggregates
Authors: Wang Yuntao , Jiang Shangjin , Hua Sudong , Yue Hongfei , Zhang Yanan
Published: December 2024

Using solid waste-based materials, such as recycled building aggregate (RCA), preparing 3D-printed materials can reduce costs but increase the water–cement ratio of the printed material, which reduces its mechanical performance. In order to solve the problem of mechanical properties decline caused by an increase in the w/c ratio, this experiment found that adding calcined salt mud (CSM) to the printing materials and changing the water-to-cement ratio from 0.37 to 0.4 CSM can ensure that the compressive strength of the printing materials remains basically unchanged. Moreover, through TG, SEM, and other microscopic data, it can be seen that calcium hydroxide in CSM can not only participate in the synergistic reaction of ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and dust ash (DA), produce more NaOH, and promote the hydration of granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) but also promote the formation of ettringite together with SO42− in solution, optimizing pore size distribution.
Interactive Modelling in Augmented Reality with Subdivision Surfaces and Advanced User Gesture Recognition
Authors: Cellupica Alessio , Cirelli Marco , Giannini Oliviero , Valentini Pier Paolo
Published: December 2024

The paper discusses an integrated methodology to implement an interactive augmented reality 3D modelling environment with natural interaction, empowered by real-time gesture recognition. The methodology is developed from a geometry-sculpting algorithm based on the use of the subdivision surfaces approach to combine the ease and versatility of interactive modelling even of complex shapes, while maintaining high geometric continuity and smoothness. The interaction with the deformable elements of the geometry’s control cage to be divided uses an optimised version of the Grasp Active Feature/Object Active Feature algorithm developed from hand tracking and gesture recognition based on zero-invasive stereo-infrared techniques. Modelling, combined with an augmented reality environment, allows the modification of geometries having real objects as a reference and, in any case, a general spatial awareness during activities. The methodology was implemented and tested using an advanced mixed-reality headset, the Varjo XR-4, with hi-resolution pass-through and a second-generation Ultraleap for accurate and precise hand tracking.
Discovering Moving Flock Patterns in Movement Data: A Reeb Graph-Based Approach
Authors: Zhang Pengdong , Van de Weghe Nico
Published: December 2024

Movement pattern mining is a key focus in movement data research, with moving flock patterns holding particular significance due to their potential to reveal valuable insights across various domains. This research aimed to discover moving flock patterns in movement data. To achieve this, we first developed a more precise definition of a moving flock by refining the existing definitions. Then, we proposed a taxonomy of flock patterns, enabling the derivation of distinct types of moving flock patterns. Finally, we developed a Reeb graph-based approach to discover desired moving flock patterns. The effectiveness of the approach was validated using movement data obtained from a real football match. In the results, 72 and 94 moving flock patterns were discovered under different cases, respectively. Moreover, the proportion of desired moving flock patterns in these cases was 29.17% and 24.47%, respectively. The results show that the proposed approach effectively detects the desired moving flock patterns, and the findings provide insightful information to sports professionals.