bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Validation of the Feelings Experienced in Supervision Scale
Authors: Rogers Jennifer L. , Goodrich Kristopher M. , Gilbride Dennis D. , Luke Melissa
Published: June 2020

The authors conducted a preliminary validation of the Feelings Experienced in Supervision Scale (FESS), with findings supporting a single‐factor instrument. Relationships between the FESS and attachment patterns, cognitive distortions, and difficulty with corrective feedback are reported. Implications include emotion‐focused supervision to identify thoughts and feelings interfering with supervisees' ability to synthesize corrective feedback.
Development and Validation of the Supervisee Disclosure in Supervision Scale
Authors: Li Chi , Kemer Gülşah , Henson James Matthew
Published: June 2020

The authors developed and initially validated the Supervisee Disclosure in Supervision Scale (SDSS). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses with 2 independent samples revealed that the SDSS is a 17‐item instrument with 2 subscales showing promising psychometric properties. The authors discuss the findings with implications for supervision training, practices, and research.
A Continuous Flow Cell for High‐Temperature/High‐Pressure Electroorganic Synthesis
Authors: Jud Wolfgang , Kappe C. Oliver , Cantillo David
Published: June 2020

A flow electrolysis cell that enables operation at high temperatures and pressures has been designed and developed. The cell, with a cylindrical shape and concentric electrodes, can be easily assembled using commercially available fluidic components. The compact design of the device permits easy temperature control using a commercial column heater. Temperatures ranging from −10 °C to +150 °C and pressures up to 70 bar have been successfully applied for long operation periods. The cell performance has been evaluated using the anodic methoxylation of N‐formylpiperidine as a model. Very high conversions and selectivities have been achieved with single‐pass processing, and high productivities of 73 mmol/h with electrolyte recycling. The high pressure and temperature capabilities of the cell have been used to demonstrate the negative effect that re‐dissolved hydrogen gas can have on hydrogen‐releasing electrochemical reactions in undivided cells, owing to undesired anodic oxidation of hydrogen.
Alkaline Earth Metals Activate N2 and CO in Cubic Complexes Just Like Transition Metals: A Conceptual Density Functional Theory and Energy Decomposition Analysis Study
Authors: Bettens Tom , Pan Sudip , De Proft Frank , Frenking Gernot , Geerlings Paul
Published: June 2020

Following the recent discovery of stable octa‐coordinated alkaline earth metals with N2 and CO, the role of group II metals in the catalytic reduction of these ligands by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and conceptual DFT‐based reactivity indices is investigated. Cubic group IV and octahedral group VI transition metal complexes as well as the free ligands are computed for reference. The outer and most accessible atoms of N2 and CO become much more nucleophilic and electrophilic in all complexes, relevant for N2 fixation, as probed by the Fukui function and local softness. Within one row of the periodic table, the alkaline earth complexes often show the strongest activation. On the contrary, the electrostatic character is found to be virtually unaffected by complexation. Trends in the soft frontier orbital and hard electrostatic character are in agreement with calculated proton affinities and energy decomposition analyses of the protonated structures, demonstrating the dominance of the soft (HOMO–LUMO) orbital interactions.
l‐DNA Duplex Formation as a Bioorthogonal Information Channel in Nucleic Acid‐Based Surface Patterning
Authors: Schaudy Erika , Somoza Mark M. , Lietard Jory
Published: June 2020

Photolithographic in situ synthesis of nucleic acids enables extremely high oligonucleotide sequence density as well as complex surface patterning and combined spatial and molecular information encoding. No longer limited to DNA synthesis, the technique allows for total control of both chemical and Cartesian space organization on surfaces, suggesting that hybridization patterns can be used to encode, display or encrypt informative signals on multiple chemically orthogonal levels. Nevertheless, cross‐hybridization reduces the available sequence space and limits information density. Here we introduce an additional, fully independent information channel in surface patterning with in situ l‐DNA synthesis. The bioorthogonality of mirror‐image DNA duplex formation prevents both cross‐hybridization on chimeric l‐/d‐DNA microarrays and also results in enzymatic orthogonality, such as nuclease‐proof DNA‐based signatures on the surface. We show how chimeric l‐/d‐DNA hybridization can be used to create informative surface patterns including QR codes, highly counterfeiting resistant authenticity watermarks, and concealed messages within high‐density d‐DNA microarrays.
Hydrolysis of Peptide Bonds in Protein Micelles Promoted by a Zirconium(IV)‐Substituted Polyoxometalate as an Artificial Protease
Authors: Quanten Thomas , Savić Nada D. , Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N.
Published: June 2020

The development of artificial proteases is challenging, but important for many applications in modern proteomics and biotechnology. The hydrolysis of hydrophobic or unstructured proteins is particularly difficult due to their poor solubility, which often requires the presence of surfactants. Herein, it is shown that a zirconium(IV)‐substituted Keggin polyoxometalate (POM), (Et2NH2)10[Zr(α‐PW11O39)2] (1), is able to selectively hydrolyze β‐casein, which is an intrinsically unstructured protein at pH 7.4 and 60 °C. Four surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), N‐dodecyl‐N,N‐dimethyl‐3‐ammonio‐1‐propanesulfonate (ZW3‐12), 3‐[(3‐cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]‐1‐propanesulfonate (CHAPS), and polyethylene glycol tert‐octylphenyl ether (TX‐100)), which differ in the nature of their polar groups, were investigated for their role in influencing the selectivity and efficiency of protein hydrolysis. Under experimental conditions, β‐casein forms micellar structures in which the hydrophilic part of the protein is water accessible and able to interact with 1. Identical fragmentation patterns of β‐casein in the presence of 1 were observed through SDS poly(acrylamide) gel electrophoresis both in the presence and absence of surfactants, but the rate of hydrolysis varied, depending on the nature of surfactant. Whereas TX‐100 surfactant, which has a neutral polar head, caused only a slight decrease in the hydrolysis rate, stronger inhibition was observed in the presence surfactants with charges in their polar heads (CHAPS, ZW3‐12, SDS). These results were consistent with those of tryptophan fluorescencequenching studies, which showed that the binding between β‐casein and 1 decreased with increasing repulsion between the POM and the polar heads of the surfactants. In all cases, the micellar structure of β‐casein was not significantly affected by the presence of POM or surfactants, as indicated by circular dichroism spectroscopy.
Membrane Microreactors for the On‐Demand Generation, Separation, and Reaction of Gases
Authors: Hone Christopher A. , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: June 2020

The use of gases as reagents in organic synthesis can be very challenging, particularly at a laboratory scale. This Concept takes into account recent studies to make the case that gases can indeed be efficiently and safely formed from relatively inexpensive commercially available reagents for use in a wide range of organic transformations. In particular, we argue that the exploitation of continuous flow membrane reactors enables the effective separation of the chemistry necessary for gas formation from the chemistry for gas consumption, with these two stages often containing incompatible chemistry. The approach outlined eliminates the need to store and transport excessive amounts of potentially toxic, reactive or explosive gases. The on‐demand generation, separation and reaction of a number of gases, including carbon monoxide, diazomethane, trifluoromethyl diazomethane, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia and formaldehyde, is discussed.
Rapid Organocatalytic Formation of Carbon Monoxide: Application towards Carbonylative Cross Couplings
Authors: Zoller Ben , Zapp Josef , Huy Peter H.
Published: June 2020

Herein, the first organocatalytic method for the transformation of non‐derivatized formic acid into carbon monoxide (CO) is introduced. Formylpyrrolidine (FPyr) and trichlorotriazine (TCT), which is a cost‐efficient commodity chemical, enable this decarbonylation. Utilization of dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent and catalyst even allows for a rapid CO generation at room temperature. Application towards four different carbonylative cross coupling protocols demonstrates the high synthetic utility and versatility of the new approach. Remarkably, this also comprehends a carbonylative Sonogashira reaction at room temperature employing intrinsically difficult electron‐deficient aryl iodides. Commercial 13C‐enriched formic acid facilitates the production of radiolabeled compounds as exemplified by the pharmaceutical Moclobemide. Finally, comparative experiments verified that the present method is highly superior to other protocols for the activation of carboxylic acids.
Evolution von Biosynthesegenen
Authors: Feil Sylvia
Published: June 2020

Auf der Suche nach evolutionären Veränderungen von Biosynthesegenen wurde in Bakterien eine neue Octapeptid‐Familie entdeckt. Bakterien der Gattung Pseudomonas produzieren eine Reihe bioaktiver Peptide; diese Naturstoffklasse wurde nun um die Virginiafactine erweitert. Die beobachtete Variation im Genom des Biosynthesewegs kann wegweisend für die Entwicklung neuartiger Naturstoffe sein.
Den Urmenschen auf den Zahn gefühlt
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: June 2020

Vor zehn Jahren wurde das Genom des Neandertalers in einer ersten Version publiziert. Seitdem haben wir aus DNA‐Studien viel über diese Steinzeitmenschen und die gleichzeitig lebenden Denisovaner gelernt. Um tiefer in die Vergangenheit vorzudringen, müssen Forscher nun auf Proteine zurückgreifen, die sich länger halten als DNA.
Macrocyclic Iminopeptides Diversify To Better Target Proteins
Authors: Reguera Leslie , Rivera Daniel G.
Published: June 2020

Among the many methods available for accessing conformationally diverse cyclic peptides, the derivatization of macrocyclic iminopeptides has remained notably underexplored. Now, a relevant complexity‐generating method expands the repertoire of synthetic strategies exploiting the reactivity of an imino bond embedded in the cyclic peptide skeleton. Here we highlight a recent report describing the on‐resin construction of a new family of macrocyclic peptide/natural product‐inspired hybrids, namely “PepNats”, by derivatization of cyclic iminopeptides through 1,3‐cycloaddition reactions. A proof‐of‐concept with PepNats bearing peptide sequences that mimic protein hot loops demonstrated the potential of this strategy to create novel macrocyclic peptide ligands capable of modulating protein–protein interactions.
Transformative and cognitive approaches to information retrieval and security procedures
Authors: Ogiela Urszula
Published: June 2020

Transformative computing is a new area of computer technologies. It is also a new paradigm, which allows to join wireless communication with sensor networks and artificial intelligence technologies. It considerably enhances computing possibilities, increases efficiency of data exploration and analysis, as well as information retrieval using sensors or augmented cognition. In this article, we describe possible applications of cognitive security protocols for such computing application, especially focused on security, and data exploration in distributed systems. Also will be presented the impact of cognitive protocols for securing wireless systems and sensors infrastructures.
Lignin Depolymerization: A Comparison of Methods to Analyze Monomers and Oligomers
Authors: Bartolomei Erika , Le Brech Yann , Dufour Anthony , Carre Vincent , Aubriet Frederic , Terrell Evan , Garcia‐Perez Manuel , Arnoux Philippe
Published: June 2020

Catalytic liquefaction of lignin is an attractive process to produce fuels and chemicals, but it forms a wide range of liquid products from monomers to oligomers. Oligomers represent an important fraction of the products and their analysis is complex. Therefore, rapid characterization methods are needed to screen liquefaction conditions based on the distribution in monomers and oligomers. For this purpose, UV spectroscopy is proposed as a fast and simple method to assess the composition of lignin‐derived liquids. UV absorption and fluorescence were studied on various model compounds and liquefaction products. Liquefaction of Soda lignin was conducted in an autoclave, in ethanol and with Pt/C catalyst (H2, 250 °C, 110 bar). Liquids were sampled at isothermal conditions every 30 min for 4 h. UV fluorescence spectroscopy is related to GC–MS, gel‐permeation chromatography (GPC), MALDI‐TOF MS, and NMR characterizations. A depolymerization index is proposed from UV spectroscopy to rapidly assess the relative distribution of monomers and oligomers.
Concomitant genetic alterations having greater impact on the clinical benefit of EGFR‐TKIs in EGFR‐mutant advanced NSCLC than BIM deletion polymorphism
Authors: Liu Si‐Yang , Zhou Jia‐Ying , Li Wen‐Feng , Sun Hao , Zhang Yi‐Chen , Yan Hong‐Hong , Chen Zhi‐Hong , Chen Chun‐Xiang , Ye Jun‐Yi , Yang Jin‐Ji , Zhou Qing , Zhang Xu‐Chao , Wu Yi‐Long
Published: June 2020

Background

In previous studies, the predictive role of BIM deletion polymorphism with respect to responses to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs) has been controversial. The potential reasons for these inconsistent findings were unknown.

Methods

Data from CTONG0901 clinical trial and medical records of Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute (GLCI) were retrospectively pooled. A total of 194 and 141 EGFR‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with first‐ and second‐generation EGFR‐TKIs were examined in the CTONG0901 and GLCI cohorts, respectively. Sixty‐eight patients were treated with third‐generation EGFR‐TKIs in the GLCI cohort. The BIM gene status was examined by next‐generation sequencing.

Results

The frequency of BIM deletion polymorphism was 11.3% and 17.0% in CTONG0901 and GLCI cohorts, respectively. For first‐ and second‐generation EGFR‐TKIs in CTONG0901 cohort, objective response (ORR) was 54.5% in BIM deletion group versus 56.4% in wild‐type BIM group (P = .87); disease control rate (DCR) was 90.9% versus 88.4% (P = 1.00); progression‐free survival (PFS) was 10.5 versus 11.2 months (P = .59); and overall survival (OS) was 20.5 versus 20.5 months (P = .73). In GLCI cohort, ORR was 54.2% versus 60.7% (P = .55); DCR was 91.7% versus 96.6% (P = .27); PFS was 10.1 versus 11.6 months (P = .63); and OS was 58.5 versus 45.0 months (P = .93). For third‐generation EGFR‐TKIs, ORR was 18.2% versus 63.2% (P = .02); DCR was 81.8% versus 96.5%, (P = .12); PFS was 5.8 versus 9.0 months (P = .13); and OS was 30.0 versus 24.8 months (P = .85). Cox regression analysis showed that concomitant genetic alterations could adversely affect the response to EGFR‐TKIs, but not BIM deletion.

Conclusions

The presence of BIM deletion showed no relation to an impaired response to first‐, second‐, and third‐generation EGFR‐TKIs in NSCLC patients. The factors influencing the response of EGFR‐TKIs were concomitant genetic alterations, but not BIM deletion.
NLRP3 inflammasome, an immune‐inflammatory target in pathogenesis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Wang Yucheng , Liu Xiaoxiao , Shi Hui , Yu Yong , Yu Ying , Li Minghui , Chen Ruizhen
Published: June 2020

Inflammation is an important process involved in several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and nod‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a vital player in innate immunity and inflammation. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge on the role and involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis and treatment of CVDs. NLRP3 inflammasome functions as a molecular platform, and triggers the activation of caspase‐1 and cleavage of pro‐IL‐1β, pro‐IL‐18, and gasdermin D (GSDMD). Cleaved NT‐GSDMD forms pores in the cell membrane and initiates pyroptosis, inducing cell death and release of many intracellular pro‐inflammatory molecules. NLRP3 inflammasome activation is triggered via inter‐related pathways downstream of K+ efflux, lysosomal disruption, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, the Golgi apparatus and noncoding RNAs are gradually being recognized to play important roles in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Many investigations have revealed the association between NLRP3 inflammasome and CVDs, including atherosclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and heart failure induced by pressure overload or cardiomyopathy. Some existing medications, including orthodox and natural medicines, used for CVD treatment have been newly discovered to act via NLRP3 inflammasome. In addition, NLRP3 inflammasome pathway components such as NLRP3, caspase‐1, and IL‐1β may be considered as novel therapeutic targets for CVDs. Thus, NLRP3 inflammasome is a key molecule involved in the pathogenesis of CVDs, and further research focused on development of NLRP3 inflammasome‐based targeted therapies for CVDs and the clinical evaluation of these therapies is essential.
Multidisciplinary therapy strategy of precision medicine in clinical practice
Authors: Qian Mengjia , Li Qian , Zhang Miaomiao , Xu Xiaojing , Shen Qi , Chen Hao , Wang Xiangdong , Liu Tianshu , Cheng Yunfeng
Published: June 2020

The application of precision medicine concept in clinical work needs a period of practice and experience accumulation. The present article introduced an example of functioning approach named “multidisciplinary therapy strategy of precision medicine” (MDTS‐PM), clinical practice and process, decision‐making, and therapies. The MDTS‐PM integrates multidisciplinary experts and develops real‐time therapeutic strategy based on clinical phenomes and gene sequencing of tissue DNA and circulating DNA. The strength of MDTS‐PM is the combination of dynamical clinical phenomes, genetic information, diagnosis, and treatment to make the therapy more targeted and specific. MDTS‐PM provides comprehensive, whole‐process, and personalized diagnosis and treatment services for patients with complex cancer or complex drug resistance progression; provides guidance for further adjustment of drug use; and establishes a multidisciplinary cooperative team, improves the quality of clinical diagnosis and treatment, and optimizes the process of medical services.
Acute lung injury in patients with COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Li Liyang , Huang Qihong , Wang Diane C. , Ingbar David H. , Wang Xiangdong
Published: June 2020

During the 2020 Spring Festival in China, the outbreak of a novel coronavirus, named COVID‐19 by WHO, brought on a worldwide panic. According to the clinical data of infected patients, radiologic evidence of lung edema is common and deserves clinical attention. Lung edema is a manifestation of acute lung injury (ALI) and may progress to hypoxemia and potentially acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Patients diagnosed with ARDS have poorer prognosis and potentially higher mortality. Although no effective treatment is formally approved for COVID‐19 infection, support of ventilation with oxygen therapy and sometimes mechanical ventilation is often required. Treatment with systemic and/or local glucocorticoids might be helpful to alleviate the pulmonary inflammation and edema, which may decrease the development and/or consequences of ARDS. In this article, we focus on the lung edema and ALI of patients with this widely transmitted COVID‐19 infection in order to provide clinical indications and potential therapeutic targets for clinicians and researchers.
Perfluorochemical‐facilitated plasminogen activator delivery to the airways: A novel treatment for inhalational smoke‐induced acute lung injury
Authors: Wolfson Marla R. , Enkhbaatar Perenlei , Fukuda Satoshi , Nelson Christina L. , Williams Robert O. , Surasarang Soraya Hengsawas , Sahakijpijarn Sawittree , Calendo Gennaro , Komissarov Andrey A. , Florova Galina , Sarva Krishna , Idell Steven I. , Shaffer Thomas H.
Published: June 2020

Background

Effective clinical management of airway clot and fibrinous cast formation of severe inhalational smoke‐induced acute lung injury (ISALI) is lacking. Aerosolized delivery of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is confounded by airway bleeding; single‐chain urokinase plasminogen activator (scuPA) moderated this adverse effect and supported transient improvement in gas exchange and lung mechanics. However, neither aerosolized plasminogen activator (PA) yielded durable improvements in physiologic responses or reduction in cast burden. Here, we hypothesized that perfluorochemical (PFC) liquids would facilitate PA distribution and sustain improvements in physiologic outcomes in ISALI.

Methods

Spontaneously breathing adult sheep (n = 36) received anesthesia and analgesia and were instrumented, exposed to cotton smoke inhalation, and supported by mechanical ventilation for 48 h. Groups (n = 6/group) were studied without supplemental treatment, or, starting 4 h post injury, they received intratracheal low volume (8 mL) PFC liquid alone or a dose range of tPA/PFC or scuPA/PFC suspensions (4 or 8 mg in 8 mL PFC) every 8 h. Outcomes were evaluated by sequential measurements of cardiopulmonary parameters, lung histomorphology, and biochemical analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

Results

Dose‐response and PA‐type comparisons of outcomes demonstrated sustained superiority with low‐volume PFC suspensions of scuPA over tPA or PFC alone, favoring the highest dose of scuPA/PFC suspension over lower doses, without airway bleeding.

Conclusions

We propose that this improved profile over previously reported aerosolized delivery is likely related to improved dose distribution. Sustained salutary responses to scuPA/PFC suspension delivery in this translational model are encouraging and support the possibility that the observed outcomes could be of clinical importance.
Tumor microenvironmental influences on dendritic cell and T cell function: A focus on clinically relevant immunologic and metabolic checkpoints
Authors: Hargadon Kristian M.
Published: June 2020

Cancer immunotherapy is fast becoming one of the most promising means of treating malignant disease. Cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfer therapies, and immune checkpoint blockade have all shown varying levels of success in the clinical management of several cancer types in recent years. However, despite the clinical benefits often achieved by these regimens, an ongoing problem for many patients is the inherent or acquired resistance of their cancer to immunotherapy. It is now appreciated that dendritic cells and T lymphocytes both play key roles in antitumor immune responses and that the tumor microenvironment presents a number of barriers to the function of these cells that can ultimately limit the success of immunotherapy. In particular, the engagement of several immunologic and metabolic checkpoints within the hostile tumor microenvironment can severely compromise the antitumor functions of these important immune populations. This review highlights work from both preclinical and clinical studies that has shaped our understanding of the tumor microenvironment and its influence on dendritic cell and T cell function. It focuses on clinically relevant targeted and immunotherapeutic strategies that have emerged from these studies in an effort to prevent or overcome immune subversion within the tumor microenvironment. Emphasis is also placed on the potential of next‐generation combinatorial regimens that target metabolic and immunologic impediments to dendritic cell and T lymphocyte function as strategies to improve antitumor immune reactivity and the clinical outcome of cancer immunotherapy going forward.
Hydrodynamic analysis of electrostatic counter‐streaming instability in a spin‐polarized electron–positron–ion plasma
Authors: Khanum Uzma , Iqbal Zafar , Murtaza Ghulam
Published: June 2020

In this study, we present linear analysis of electrostatic counter‐streaming instability in spin‐polarized electron–positron–ion (e‐p‐i) plasma. With the aid of the separate spin evolution‐quantum hydrodynamic (SSE‐QHD) model, we derive the dispersion relation of counter‐streaming instability. We numerically solve the dispersion and find four wave solutions: Langmuir wave, positron acoustic mode, and two electron and positron spin‐dependent waves. It is noted that coupling of streaming and spin effects excites Langmuir instability and positron acoustic mode instability. However, in the absence of spin effect, only Langmuir instability will survive in e‐p‐i plasma. We have also discussed the effects of positron concentration, streaming speed, and spin polarization on the real frequency of waves and the growth rate. The present study may be helpful for understanding longitudinal wave propagation and instabilities in dense magnetized environments.
Heavy ion–acoustic rogue waves in magnetized electron–positron multi‐ion plasmas
Authors: Douanla Delmas V. , Alim   , Tiofack Camus G. L. , Mohamadou Alidou
Published: June 2020

Non‐linear heavy ion‐acoustic waves (HIAWs) are studied in a homogeneous magnetized four‐component multi‐ion plasma composed of inertial heavy negative ions, light positive ions, and inertia‐less non‐extensive electrons and positrons. The non‐linear Schrödinger equation is derived in this model using the perturbation method. The criteria for modulational instability of HIAWs and the basic features of finite‐amplitude heavy ion acoustic rogue waves (HIARWs) are investigated. The presence of the magnetic field was found to reduce the amplitude of HIARWs and enhances the stability. It is interesting to note that increasing positive ion mass causes decreases in the amplitude and width of rogue waves, which is opposite behaviour to that demonstrated in the previous study of these waves in an unmagnetized plasma. Furthermore, it is also shown that striking parameters, such as the non‐extensive parameter, the positron number density, the electron number density, the electron temperature, and the magnetic field parameter, play an undeniable role on the stability of waves packets. The findings of the present investigation may be of wide relevance to some plasma environments, such as active galactic nuclei, pulsar magnetospheres, and other magnetic confinement systems.
Coupling Microscopy and Flow Cytometry for a Comprehensive Characterization of Nanoparticle Production in Insect Cells
Authors: Puente‐Massaguer Eduard , Saccardo Paolo , Ferrer‐Miralles Neus , Lecina Martí , Gòdia Francesc
Published: June 2020

Advancements in the field of characterization techniques have broadened the opportunities to deepen into nanoparticle production bioprocesses. Gag‐based virus‐like particles (VLPs) have shown their potential as candidates for recombinant vaccine development. However, comprehensive characterization of the production process is still a requirement to meet the desired critical quality attributes. In this work, the production process of Gag VLPs by baculovirus (BV) infection in the reference High Five and Sf9 insect cell lines is characterized in detail. To this end, the Gag polyprotein was fused in frame to the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) to favor process evaluation with multiple analytical tools. Tracking of the infection process using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry revealed a pronounced increase in the complexity of High Five over Sf9 cells. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM) characterization determined that changes in cell complexity could be attributed to the presence of occlusion‐derived BV in High Five cells, whereas Sf9 cells evidenced a larger proportion of the budded virus phenotype (23‐fold). Initial evaluation of the VLP production process using spectrofluorometry showed that higher levels of the Gag‐eGFP polyprotein were obtained in High Five cells (3.6‐fold). However, comparative analysis based on nanoparticle quantification by flow virometry and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) proved that Sf9 cells were 1.7‐ and 1.5‐fold more productive in terms of assembled VLPs, respectively. Finally, analytical ultracentrifugation coupled to flow virometry evidenced a larger sedimentation coefficient of High Five‐derived VLPs, indicating a possible interaction with other cellular compounds. Taken together, these results highlight the combined use of microscopy and flow cytometry techniques to improve vaccine development processes using the insect cell/BV expression vector system. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Continuous glucose monitoring assessment of metabolic control in east African children and young adults with type 1 diabetes: A pilot and feasibility study
Authors: McClure Yauch Lauren , Velazquez Eric , Piloya‐Were Thereza , Wainaina Mungai Lucy , Omar Anjumanara , Moran Antoinette
Published: June 2020

Background

For individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in East Africa and other low‐income regions, the last decade has seen substantial gains in access to insulin and trained healthcare providers, yet metabolic control remains poor.

Methods

The objective was to determine the feasibility of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and to gather baseline metabolic data for future power analysis in Ugandan and Kenyan youth with T1D using a Freestyle Libre Pro blinded CGM.

Results

Of 78 participants recruited, four sensors fell off and six patients did not return, leaving 68 evaluable subjects. Average age was 16 ± 5 (range 4‐26) years, 43% female. Average diabetes duration was 7 ± 5 years, insulin dose 0.9 ± 0.3 U/kg/d, and number of fingerstick glucose levels per day 2.1 ± 1.1. All were on human insulin. Point‐of‐care HbA1c was 10.9 ± 2.7% (96 ± 30 mmol/mol). Mean number of sensor days was 13 ± 3; >90% wore the sensor for ≥10 days. Mean glucose was 231 ± 86 mg/dL (12.8 ± 4.8 mmol/L). Only 30 ± 19% of time was spent in the target range (70‐180 mg/dL; 3.9‐10 mmol/L), and 7 ± 8% of time was spent in hypoglycaemia (glucose <55 mg/dL, 3.0 mmol/L). Hypoglycaemia occurred in 81% of participants, averaging five events/wk with an average duration of 140 ± 79 minutes/event.

Conclusions

Despite significant diabetes care improvements, East African youth with T1D have poor metabolic control with chronic hyper‐ and hypoglycaemia, placing them at high risk for serious acute and chronic complications. This study demonstrates the feasibility of CGM use in this population and provides baseline metabolic data that will be used to inform a future intervention study.
Participatory experimentation on a climate street
Authors: Juhola Sirkku , Seppälä Antti , Klein Johannes
Published: June 2020

Cities' role in addressing both climate change mitigation and adaptation is becoming increasingly important. Within the last decade, cities together with other actors have initiated neighborhood‐level climate change projects that build on the concept of experimentation using participation and coproduction. Common features in these initiatives are the limitation of the project to a geographically specific area within the city, inclusion of stakeholders from that physical location, and the use of different types of experimentation through participation in order to pursue climate objectives. This qualitative case study discusses the participatory experimentation and potential structural transformations by focusing on the Climate Street project of Helsinki and Vantaa, Finland. More specifically, we examine how learning, participation, and public visibility contribute toward the impact of the project. Our results show that existing urban governance structures restrict experiments in many ways and only certain types of change are feasible. This implies that while participatory experimentation offers promise but is not a panacea in terms of governing climate change.
Cardiogenic shock as the initial manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Liu Liang , Dong Yanling , Gao Hengbo , Yao Dongqi , Zhang Rui , Zheng Tuokang , Jin Yingli , Lv Baopu , Tian Yingping
Published: June 2020

Cardiogenic shock as the initial manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an uncommon but catastrophic complication. Because of the lack of typical clinical features, the diagnosis of the disease is challenging. This case report describes a 47‐year‐old female admitted to the emergency room in refractory cardiogenic shock with dilative cardiomyopathy and a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 25.6% of unknown origin. The patient responded poorly to the initial tries of stabilization, and the clinical status continued to deteriorate. Venous–arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V‐A ECMO) was applied to maintain hemodynamic stability. Coronary angiography revealed no obvious stenosis of the coronary artery. Evidence of virus infection was negative. After requestioning about medical history in detail, Reynaud's phenomenon was shown. SLE was suspected. A complete autoimmune laboratory workup was completed and found the positive result of antinuclear antibodies, anti‐double‐stranded DNA antibodies, anti‐phospholipid antibodies, and low C3 and C4. The patient also presented with pericardial effusion and the PLTs <100 000/mm3. SLE was confirmed according to the 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria. When the diagnosis was established, the immunotherapy was initiated. As a result, the patient underwent a quick recovery and achieved good outcomes. In conclusion, early diagnosis and timely application of immunotherapy is the key to treatment lupus myocarditis. Advanced mechanical support may play a necessary role when patient is in critical situation. For middle‐aged female patients presenting with unexplained cardiogenic shock, lupus myocarditis should be considered in the differential diagnosis. In addition, the 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria provide a new, fitting tool for the diagnosis, which is conducive to the earlier and more accurate diagnosis of SLE.
Structure and Magnetic Properties of an Original {CuIIMnIIWV} Heterotrimetallic Coordination Polymer
Authors: Alexandru Maria‐Gabriela , Visinescu Diana , Madalan Augustin M. , Clérac Rodolphe , Andruh Marius
Published: June 2020

A monodimensional heterotrimetallic coordination polymer of formula ∞1[{CuIIMnIIL2}3{(µ‐NC)3WV(CN)5}2]·H2O (1) has been assembled from pre‐designed [CuIIMnIIL2]2+ cationic modules and homoleptic [WV(CN)8]3– metalloligands (H2L2 is the compartmental Schiff‐base resulting from the stepwise condensation of 2,6‐diformyl‐p‐cresol with ethylenediamine and diethylenetriamine). The magnetic properties of 1 have been investigated revealing a three‐dimensional ordered antiferromagnetic ground state below 4 K resulting from different antiferromagnetic interactions between all the spin carriers (S = 1/2 CuII, S = 5/2 MnII, and S = 1/2 WV centers).
Evaluation of uniaxial contact models for moat wall pounding simulations
Authors: Hughes Patrick J. , Mosqueda Gilberto
Published: June 2020

Moat wall pounding occurs when a base‐isolated building displaces beyond the provided clearance and collides with the surrounding retaining wall, inducing very high floor accelerations and interstory drifts. Previous studies on moat wall pounding typically employ simplified models of the superstructure, with a uniaxial contact spring used to model the entire moat wall. Consequently, researchers have developed sophisticated contact models to estimate the normal‐direction contact force that is generated during seismic pounding. This study examines how the choice in contact model affects the seismic response of a base‐isolated building subjected to impact‐inducing ground excitation. Five widely used state‐of‐the‐art contact models are summarized and implemented into an experimentally‐calibrated numerical model of a base‐isolated moment frame. Results of nonlinear dynamic time history analyses are shown in detail for one ground motion, followed by a larger parametric study across 28 near‐fault ground motions. This work shows that peak impact force and base acceleration are moderately sensitive to the choice in contact model, while upper floor accelerations and interstory drifts are practically not affected.
Fractionation Analysis of Mercury in Soils: A Comparison of Three Techniques for Bioavailable Mercury Fraction Determination
Authors: Pelcová Pavlína , Ridošková Andrea , Hrachovinová Jana , Grmela Jan
Published: June 2020

Knowledge of the fractionation of mercury in soils in the vicinity of abandoned cinnabar mines is essential for assessing the usability of soils for the cultivation of agriculturally important crops. Two different sequential extraction methods and the technique of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) were applied and compared for fractionation of mercury in soils from mercury-contaminated sites intended for farming purposes. The mercury found in these soils was primarily in the form of mercury sulfide (58.6–83.9%), followed by 6.7 to 15.4% of organically bound mercury and 2.9 to 23.2% of elemental mercury. Up to 10.3% of labile mercury species were determined by both sequential extraction methods in these soils. However, only 0.01 to 0.13% of mercury was determined as a bioavailable fraction using the DGT technique. Both sequential extraction methods tested for the fractionation analysis of mercury in contaminated soils were in excellent agreement. The content of the mobile (labile) mercury determined by the sequential extraction methods was statistically significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than the content of bioavailable mercury determined by the DGT technique. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1670–1677. © 2020 SETAC

Abstract

The content of the mobile (labile) mercury determined by the sequential extraction methods was statistically significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than the content of bioavailable mercury determined by the diffusive gradients in thin films technique. The form of mercury determined as mobile (labile) by the sequential extraction methods should not be automatically regarded as bioavailable. DGT = diffusive gradients in thin films.
A lightweight privacy protection scheme based on user preference in mobile crowdsensing
Authors: Xiong Jinbo , Liu Hui , Jin Biao , Li Qi , Yao Zhiqiang
Published: June 2020

Aiming at the balance between user personalized privacy protection and task data practicability in mobile crowdsensing, this article proposes a lightweight privacy protection (LightPrivacy) scheme based on the matching of attribute preferences between users and tasks with analytic hierarchy process (AHP), bloom filter, binary confusion vector inner product protocol, and differential privacy. First, the fog nodes are introduced to divide the subtasks of sensing tasks, and the optimal subtask set is selected and published through AHP. The fog nodes construct task bloom filter according to task attribute requirement preference. The sensing users construct user bloom filter based on intention attribute preference, and filter target users by calculating the binary confusion vector inner product of two bloom filters. Furthermore, the LightPrivacy scheme perceives sensing users to localize sensitive data that needs to be disturbed according to privacy budget distributed equally by fog nodes. Finally, the fog node evaluates the quality of sensing data and defines task contribution of sensing users in combination with the binary confusion vector inner product, so as to effectively prevent malicious users from submitting false data or adding large data perturbations. Security analysis indicates that the LightPrivacy scheme is still security under the condition that fog nodes are semi‐trusted. Experimental results show that the LightPrivacy scheme is practical and the computational efficiency is significantly improved compared with the related representative schemes.
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Authors: Wang Lei , Peng Ze‐Rui
Published: June 2020

The cover image is based on the Research Article Pressure boundary condition in a multi‐phase lattice Boltzmann method and its applications on simulations of two‐phase flows by Lei Wang and Ze‐Rui Peng, https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.4800.

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A new insight into combining forecasts for elections: The role of social media
Authors: Chin Chih‐Yu , Wang Cheng‐Lung
Published: June 2020

This study is devoted to gain insight into a timely, accurate, and relevant combining forecast by considering social media (Facebook), opinion polls, and prediction markets. We transformed each type of raw data into the possibility of victory as a forecasting model. Besides the four single forecasts, namely Facebook fans, Facebook “people talking about this” (PTAT) statistics, opinion polls, and prediction markets, we generated three combined forecasts by associating various combinations of the four components. Then, we examined the predictive performance of each forecast on vote shares and the elected/non‐elected outcome across the election period. Our findings, based on the evidence of Taiwan's 2018 county and city elections, showed that incorporating the Facebook PTAT statistic with polls and prediction markets generates the most powerful forecast. Moreover, we recognized the matter of the time horizons where the best proposed model has better accuracy gains in prediction—in the “late of election,” but not in “approaching election”. The patterns of the trend of accuracy across time for each forecasting model also differ from one another. We also highlighted the complementarity of various types of data in the paper because each forecast makes important contributions to forecasting elections.
Entry and price competition in the over‐the‐counter drug market after deregulation: Evidence from Portugal
Authors: Moura Ana , Barros Pedro Pita
Published: June 2020

In the last two decades, many European countries allowed the sale of over‐the‐counter (OTC) drugs outside pharmacies. This was expected to lower retail prices through increased competition. Evidence of such price reductions is scarce. We assess the impact of supermarket and outlet entry in the OTC drug market on OTC prices charged by incumbent pharmacies using a difference‐in‐differences strategy. We use price data on five popular OTC drugs for all retailers located in Lisbon for three distinct points in time (2006, 2010, and 2015). Our results suggest that competitive pressure in the market is mainly exerted by supermarkets, which charge, on average, 20% lower prices than pharmacies. The entry of a supermarket among the main competitors of an incumbent pharmacy is associated with an average 4% to 6% decrease in prices relative to the control group. These price reductions are long‐lasting but fairly localized. We find no evidence of price reductions following OTC outlet entry. Additional results from a reduced‐form entry model and a propensity score matching difference‐in‐differences approach support the view that these effects are causal.
Using the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies to Decolonize Counseling Practice: The Important Roles of Theory, Power, and Action
Authors: Singh Anneliese A. , Appling Brandee , Trepal Heather
Published: June 2020

The Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies (MSJCC; Ratts, Singh, Nassar‐McMillan, Butler, & McCullough, 2015) ask counselors to “apply knowledge of multicultural and social justice theories” (p. 8). Counselors who implement the MSJCC in this manner have the opportunity to critically examine traditional counseling theories that were developed within a predominantly White and Western framework, that reproduce North American and European colonist ideology if not contextualized, and that neglect Indigenous approaches to healing (Tuck & Yang, 2012; Watkins & Shulman, 2008). In this article, the authors present 4 key multicultural and social justice theories that can support counselors in adopting a decolonizing paradigm and implementing the MSJCC in their practice with clients: relational‐cultural theory (Miller, 1976), critical race theory (Bell, 1995), intersectionality theory (Crenshaw, 1989, 1991), and liberation psychology (Martín‐Baró, 1994).
An Open‐Label Study to Assess the Effect of Itraconazole and Rifampin on Parsaclisib Pharmacokinetics When Administered Orally in Healthy Participants
Authors: Li Jia , Rockich Kevin , Yuska Brad , Zhou Gongfu , Epstein Noam , Punwani Naresh , Chen Xuejun , Yeleswaram Swamy
Published: June 2020

Parsaclisib, a selective, potent phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase delta inhibitor being developed for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases, is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4. This study assessed the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of parsaclisib alone or combined with itraconazole (potent CYP3A inhibitor) or rifampin (potent CYP3A4 inducer) in healthy participants. In this open‐label, fixed‐sequence study, cohort 1 received oral parsaclisib 10 mg once daily on days 1 and 8 and oral itraconazole 200 mg once daily on days 4‐11; cohort 2 received oral parsaclisib 20 mg once daily on days 1 and 11 and oral rifampin 600 mg once daily on days 4‐12. Parsaclisib plasma concentration was tested and PK parameters calculated by noncompartmental analysis. Geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and 2‐sided 90% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by 2‐factor analysis of variance. Thirty‐six healthy participants were enrolled (18 per cohort). Parsaclisib maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration‐time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC0‐∞) were increased by 21% and 107% with concomitant itraconazole versus parsaclisib alone (GMR, 1.21; 90%CI, 1.14‐1.29; and 2.07; 90%CI, 1.97‐2.17, respectively). Parsaclisib Cmax and AUC were reduced by 43% and 77%, respectively, with concomitant rifampin versus parsaclisib alone (GMR, 0.57; 90%CI, 0.53‐0.60; and 0.23; 90%CI, 0.21‐0.24, respectively). Headache was the most common adverse event, reported by 13.9% of participants (all in cohort 2). Single‐dose parsaclisib alone or combined with itraconazole or rifampin appeared safe and well tolerated in healthy participants. Parsaclisib dose adjustment may be necessary with concomitant administration of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers.
HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and syphilis among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Luanda, Angola: Seroprevalence and risk factors
Authors: Sebastião Cruz S. , Neto Zoraima , Jandondo Domingos , Mirandela Marinela , Morais Joana , Brito Miguel
Published: June 2020

Infectious diseases during pregnancy remain a public health concern, especially in a resource‐limited setting. The study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and determinants of HIV and co‐infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Luanda, the capital city of Angola. A cross‐sectional study was conducted with 1612 pregnant women screened for HIV during antenatal care. HIV‐reactive were also screened for the HBV, HCV, and syphilis using immunoassay kits. A logistic regression model, adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated with a level of significance set at 5%. The overall seroprevalence of HIV was 2.6%. About 13% of HIV‐positive pregnant women were coinfected. From which, 7.5% were reactive to HBV and 5% to syphilis. There was no reactivity to HCV. Pregnant women younger aged than 25 years were significantly protected from HIV‐infection (AOR, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.20‐0.91], P = .026). The co‐infection was 1.3 times (AOR, 0.04‐41.0) in younger aged than 25 years, 7.0 times (AOR, 0.50‐99.2) to residents in urbanized areas, and 1.4 times (AOR, 0.10‐20.9) in pregnant women with a high educational level. In conclusion, infectious diseases are a public health burden among pregnant women in Luanda. However, include an integrated antenatal screening mainly in urbanized areas is crucial to reduce the spread of infectious diseases in different communities of Angola.