bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sosialisasi Bahaya Akad Maysir (Judi Online) dan Akad Gharar (Pinjaman Online)
Authors: Ridwan Muhammad , Rizki Bagus , Hutagalung Muhammad Abrar Kasmin , Ainayah Difa , Najwa Nuraini
Published: December 2024

Pelaksananan kegiatan Pengabdian masyarakat telah dilaksanakan memberikan pemahaman dan pengetahuan Kepada jamaah Masjid Al-Hidayah Komp. KPUM, Kel Terjun Medan Marelan mengenai sosialisasi bahaya akad maysir (judi online) dan akad gharar (pinjaman online). Judi online merupakan sejenis candu, dimana awalnya hanya mencoba – coba dan memperoleh kemenangan akan memacu hasrat atau keinginan untuk mengulanginya dengan taruhan yang lebih besar dan lebih besar lagi dengan pemikiran semakin banyak uang yang dipertaruhkan maka kemenanganpun akan memperoleh hasil yang lebih banyak. Judi online itu sendiri dapat dilakukan dimana saja dan kapan saja selama pelaku judi online tersebut memililiki banyak waktu luang, sejumlah uang yang digunakan sebagai taruhan yang terdapat di rekening tabungan pelaku, dan komputer atau smartphone serta koneksi internet yang digunakan sebagai alat untuk melakukan perjudian online kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini mengunakan metode kualitatif merupakan metode berupa memberikan materi kepada responden dan melakukan wawancara kepada respoden.  Hasil dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilakukan langsung terjun kelapangan kepada subjek pengabdian kepada masyarakat, mengenai sosialisasi bahaya akad maysir (judi online) dan akad gharar (pinjaman online) membuat masyarakat paham dan memahami judi online dan pinjaman online untuk menjahuinya.
Determining the role of basophil activation testing in reported type 1 allergy to beta-lactam antibiotics
Authors: Reitmajer Markus , Strauss Antonia , Klinger Christian , Maaß Maximiliane , Kempf Wolfgang E. , Fischer Joerg , Kneilling Manfred , Volc Sebastian
Published: December 2024

Background

Allergy to beta-lactam antibiotics (BLA), especially to penicillin, is the most commonly reported drug allergy by patients. Alternative antibiotics can yield negative consequences, such as extended hospitalization days due to less efficacy and overall higher costs. The basophil activation test (BAT) is an in vitro assay, in which activation of an individual's own basophils is quantified by flow cytometry. It is an increasingly applied in vitro method in allergy testing that is also gaining traction in drug allergies.

Methods

We correlated 37 BAT results with skin test results. The cohort exclusively included patients with suspected type I BLA allergy. In addition, we examined the concordance of these results with clinical symptoms reported in the BLA patients’ medical histories.

Results

BLA-BAT revealed a high specificity of 92.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 66.7–98.6] but a low sensitivity of only 20.8% (95% CI 9.24–40.47) using BLA-skin tests as a comparator. Negative BLA-BAT in patients with a history of grade I anaphylaxis yielded doubt on the assumption of grading. The exclusion of grade I BLA anaphylaxis increased the sensitivity to 29.4% (95% CI 13.28–53.13) with a still high specificity of 85.7% (95% CI 48.69–97.43). When ImmunoCAP was available, we compared specific IgE and BAT results by using Cohens' kappa (κ) and revealed a moderate level of agreement (κ = 0.538, p = 0.029).

Conclusion

BAT reveals specific positive results exclusively in patients with cephalosporin anaphylaxis. However, these findings could not be generally confirmed in the heterogeneous group of BLA.
Fumarprotocetraric acid and geraniin were identified as novel inhibitors of human respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro
Authors: Wang Chao , Huang Yi-Man , Zhao Jun , Bai Yi-Ming , Yan Cai-Qin , Du Guan-Hua , Zheng Li-Shu , Liu Ai-Lin
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a major international public health concern. However, disease treatment is limited to preventive care with monoclonal antibodies and supportive care. In this study, natural products were screened to identify novel anti-RSV inhibitors.

Methods

The antiviral effect of 320 compounds on RSV in HEp-2 cells was tested using a Cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay. The antiviral effect of fumarprotocetraric acid (FUM) and geraniin (GE) were confirmed by Real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR (Real-time RT-PCR), plaque reduction test, immunofluorescence assay, and Western blot analysis. Real-time PCR was used to detect inflammatory factor expression. ATP assay and JC-1 stain were used to evaluate mitochondrial protection function. The experiment of administration time was used to determine the stages in the RSV life cycle inhibited by FUM and GE. Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and human rhinovirus (HRV) were used to evaluate the antiviral activities of other respiratory viruses of FUM and GE. Finally, Air-liquid interface human airway epithelium (ALI-HAE) cells were used to evaluate the antiviral effect and mechanism of FUM and GE to RSV.

Results

The results showed that FUM and GE can inhibit the replication of RSV in multiple-cell models. Both compounds could dose-dependent inhibit the viral load, RSV nucleic acids level, and RSV-F protein level. Besides, FUM and GE showed good anti-inflammatory activity, mitochondrial protection, and antiviral activity to HMPV and HRV. Meanwhile, our result indicated that FUM and GE can inhibit RSV replication in ALI-HAE cells.

Conclusions

FUM and GE were identified as new inhibitors of RSV infection. At the same time, FUM and GE have anti-inflammatory activity, mitochondrial protection function, and broad-spectrum antiviral activity. These results provide evidence that FUM and GE are potential candidates for the development of novel anti-RSV drugs.
Off the grid: utilizing OpenStreetMap for early warning and early action in conflict settings in Sudan
Authors: Scholz Cornelia , Jaime Catalina , Raju Emmanuel , Coughlan De Perez Erin , van Aalst Maarten
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the potential of using OpenStreetMap (OSM) data to understand exposure and vulnerabilities to climate-related hazards of Sudan’s most vulnerable populations, such as internally displaced persons (IDPs) or refugees displaced by violent conflict. The rise of conflict in 2023 has triggered a surge in OSM mapping activities, including organized mapping events focused on supporting humanitarian efforts in conflict contexts. These mapping projects aim to address the heightened humanitarian needs driven by the conflict and to assist vulnerable populations impacted by violence. In this study, we conducted key-informant interviews to assess the suitability of using OSM data to enable impact-based forecasting (IbF) as part of Early Warning Early Action (EWEA) to climate-related hazards in data-scarce, conflict-affected regions of Sudan. Our study explores the perspectives of OSM data producers and users, focusing on crucial themes, such as data quality, ethics, user needs, and community inclusion. Our findings reveal that OSM data are perceived to be incomplete in Sudan due to numerous challenges, exacerbated by factors such as the lag in satellite imagery updates compared to the rapidly evolving population movements in conflict-affected areas. Despite various challenges, the overall lack of geospatial data paired with the urgent need to understand the exposure of vulnerable populations to climate-related hazards in the intersection of conflict highlights the usability of OSM as a tool to map high-risk areas to fill these crucial data gaps actively. To do so, addressing the communication gap between OSM producers and users is essential to ensure the effective utilization of collected data for its intended purpose. Moreover, community inclusion emerges as a significant concern, marked by gender disparities and accompanied by challenges in obtaining mapping permissions, as well as the impact of the digital divide. Based on these findings and recent changes in the mapping data landscape due to the escalation of conflict, we advocate for identifying high-risk, unmapped areas vulnerable to climate-related hazards in Sudan and increasing the frequency and spatial coverage of OSM mapping efforts in these regions. Emphasizing community empowerment and ethical data management will be essential to the success of these mapping initiatives.
Association of the geriatric nutritional risk index with poor outcomes in patients with coronary revascularization: a cohort study
Authors: Xie Beili , Shi Yue , Liu Mingwang , Jin Zhidie , Wen Wei , Yan Yuxin , Gao Mengjie , Jiang Lulian , Yang Lin , Liu Jiangang , Shi Dazhuo , Zhao Fuhai
Published: December 2024

Background

Poor nutritional status may affect outcomes after coronary revascularization, but the association between nutritional status and outcomes in patients undergoing coronary revascularization has not been fully evaluated. This study was based on the MIMIC-IV database to analyze the impact of baseline nutritional status on poor outcomes in patients with coronary revascularization.

Methods

Patients with coronary revascularization were screened from the MIMIC-IV database. A geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) was calculated and used to divide patients into 4 groups: no malnutrition (Q4: ≥96.79), mild malnutrition (Q3: 90.85–96.78), moderate malnutrition (Q2: 86.37–90.84), and severe malnutrition (Q1: 86.37). The primary outcome measure was 28-day mortality, and the secondary outcome measures were AKI and length of hospital stay. Cox proportional hazards model, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and multiple linear regression model were used for statistical analysis, respectively, to ensure the robustness of study results.

Results

A total of 1,168 patients with coronary revascularization were included. The GNRI demonstrated a significant association with 28-day mortality in patients undergoing coronary revascularization. As a continuous variable, the GNRI exhibited a notable inverse correlation with mortality across unadjusted, partially adjusted, and fully adjusted Cox regression models [hazard ratios (HRs): 0.93, 0.94, 0.96, respectively; all P < 0.001]. When considered as a categorical variable, a low GNRI (first quartile, Q1) was significantly associated with elevated mortality risks (HRs: 2.64, 2.30, 1.82 in the unadjusted, partially adjusted, and fully adjusted models, respectively; all P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed a more pronounced association in patients under 65 years of age (P for interaction = 0.014). Furthermore, reduced GNRI levels were also associated with an increased incidence of AKI and extended hospital lengths of stay.

Conclusion

GNRI is associated with prognosis in patients with coronary revascularization. Patients with lower GNRI had higher 28-day mortality, greater risk of AKI, and longer hospital stays.
Cardiopulmonary exercise response at high altitude in patients with congenital heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Vecchiato Marco , Duregon Federica , Borasio Nicola , Faggian Sara , Bassanello Veronica , Aghi Andrea , Palermi Stefano , Degano Gino , Battista Francesca , Ermolao Andrea , Neunhaeuserer Daniel
Published: December 2024

Background

An increasing number of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) engage in physical activities and may exercise at high altitudes (HA). The physiological adaptations required at HA and their implications on individuals with CHD, especially during exercise, remain underexplored. This systematic review aims to investigate cardiopulmonary exercise responses to short-term HA exposure in individuals with CHD.

Methods

A literature search was performed across PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase, and SPORTDiscus. The search focused on studies comparing patients with CHD to healthy controls, specifically assessing cardiorespiratory responses during cardiopulmonary exercise testing at HA (≥2,500 m) and low altitude (LA). A meta-analysis of the differences in the main cardiorespiratory adaptations during exercise from LA to HA was performed, comparing patients with CHD and controls.

Results

Of the initial 4,500 articles, four studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 150 participants (74 with CHD and 76 controls). Almost all the patients with CHD had lower cardiorespiratory fitness and efficiency both at LA and HA compared to the controls. Nevertheless, the patients with CHD showed a smaller decrease in peak workload [10.61 W (95% CI: 2.33–18.88)] and peak saturation [1.22% (95% CI: 0.14–2.30)] between LA and HA compared to the controls. No participants presented exercise-induced symptoms.

Conclusion

Short-term exposure to HA appears to be relatively well-tolerated by individuals with low-risk CHD, without a significantly different impact on cardiorespiratory response compared to healthy controls. Further research should confirm these outcomes and explore the long-term effects of higher altitude exposure as comprehensive recommendations for these patients are lacking.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate in the regulation of diabetes mellitus: a scientometric study to an in‐depth review
Authors: Li Jieying , Fan Yongfu , Tu Wenling , Wu Linyue , Pan Yun , Zheng Mingze , Qu Yiqian , Cao Lingyong
Published: December 2024

Diabetes is a significant global health issue, causing extensive morbidity and mortality, and represents a serious threat to human health. Recently, the bioactive lipid molecule Sphingosine-1-Phosphate has garnered considerable attention in the field of diabetes research. The aim of this study is to comprehensively understand the mechanisms by which Sphingosine-1-Phosphate regulates diabetes. Through comprehensive bibliometric analysis and an in-depth review of relevant studies, we investigated and summarized various mechanisms through which Sphingosine-1-Phosphate acts in prediabetes, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and their complications (such as diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, etc.), including but not limited to regulating lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and inflammatory responses. This scholarly work not only unveils new possibilities for using Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in diabetes treatment but also offers fresh insights and recommendations for future research directions to researchers.
Nonlinear relationship between serum Klotho and chronic kidney disease in US adults with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Lin Xiaobin , Yang Lin
Published: December 2024

Background

Current evidence regarding the effects of serum Klotho among patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) is scarce. This study explored the relationship between serum Klotho levels and the odds of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in middle-aged and older populations with MetS.

Materials and methods

This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 4870 adults aged 40–79 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2016. CKD was identified at urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) of 30 mg/g or higher and/or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Measurement of serum Klotho concentration was determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and subsequently divided into four quartiles (Q1-Q4). The NHANES criteria were followed in calculating the sampling weights. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to assess the correlation between Klotho and CKD, while generalized linear models with cubic spline functions and smooth curve fitting were utilized to detect any nonlinear relationship. Additionally, subgroup analysis and a range of sensitivity analyzes were conducted.

Results

Results showed that a nonlinear L-shaped relationship existed between serum Klotho levels and CKD risk, with the lowest prevalence observed at 9.63–9.94 pg/mL Klotho concentrations. With a two-segment linear regression model, an inflection point of 9.88 pg/mL was noted. Hypertension status was identified as an interaction mediator (Pinteraction = 0.006). Sensitivity analysis showed stable results.

Conclusions

A nonlinear L-shaped relationship exists between serum Klotho levels and risks of CKD among middle-aged and older adults with MetS, with the lowest prevalence observed at 9.63 to 9.94 pg/mL Klotho concentrations. Our findings, if replicated, underscore the need to estimate the optimal serum Klotho concentrations and the consequential inverse relationship, thus implying the potential of Klotho as both a serum biomarker and a possible preventive or therapeutic intervention.
Power grid fault handling plan matching method based on a hybrid neural network
Authors: Xiao Dajun , Xu Xialing , Zhang Bo , Zhang Yue , Shan Lianfei , Liu Tao , Li Xin , Qiao Yongtian , Jiang Tao , Wang Yu
Published: December 2024

A matching method based on a hybrid neural network is proposed to improve the accuracy of online matching for a power grid fault handling plan. First, the ERNIE 3.0 encoding and double-pointer decoding module are used to replace the generative model in the universal information extraction (UIE) framework, and the mapping relationship between entities and entity labels of the fault handling plan is trained by adjusting the hyperparameters of the UIE framework. Then, the semantic distance between the fault equipment, fault type, fault phenomenon, and the entity of the fault handling plan is calculated based on the residual vector-embedding vector-encoded vector (RE2). The hybrid neural network model for power grid fault handling plan matching is established. Finally, by verifying the fault-related data of a regional power grid, the proposed fault handling plan matching method shows higher matching accuracy and stronger generalization ability than other algorithms. The average precision rate, recall rate, and F1 value of the built fault handling plan matching model are 97.61%, 98.24%, and 97.91%, respectively, which can support auxiliary decisions for timely and rapid treatment of power grid faults.
The interaction of adverse childhood experiences, sex, and transgender identity as risk factors for depression: disparities in transgender adults
Authors: Balakrishnan Siva , Yang Wei , Weber Ann M.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The intersectionality of sexism, transphobia, and adverse childhood experiences (ACE) on the mental health of transgender adults is poorly understood. We assessed whether the known association between ACE and depression was modified (or differed) by adult transgender identity and by assigned sex at birth, which we used as a proxy for adults' biological (e.g., hormonal changes) and social (e.g., sexism) experiences in childhood.

Methods

Data from a representative sample of 519 transgender and 127,214 cisgender US adults was retrieved from the 2019 and 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys. The sample was stratified by assigned sex at birth. Adjusted, sample-weighted Poisson regressions and relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) were used to assess whether transgender identity modified the association between ACE and depression within strata of assigned sex at birth.

Results

We found 42.4% of transgender compared to 24.9% of cisgender adults experienced 3+ ACE. The association between ACE and depression was stronger for transgender compared to cisgender adults, regardless of assigned sex at birth. However, transgender adults assigned female at birth with 1–2 ACE had a combined risk of depression that was higher than would be expected from the sum of the two risks alone (RERI test of interaction for transgender with 1–2 ACE vs. cisgender with zero ACE: 1.91 [95% confidence interval 0.47–3.36]; p = 0.009). The tests of interaction were not statistically significant (p > 0.05) for those assigned male at birth.

Discussion

Transgender adults may benefit more from depression interventions informed by and addressing childhood trauma than their cisgender counterparts, particularly for transgender adults who were assigned female at birth. Our findings suggest a need for greater and improved data collection of gender, experiences associated with assigned sex at birth, and ACE as these relate to the transgender community. This will allow for a better understanding of the intersecting influences of sexism, transphobia, and ACE on adult depression and for identifying particularly vulnerable sub-populations in need of support.
A perspective on gender bias in generated text data
Authors: Hupperich Thomas
Published: December 2024

Text generation by artificial intelligence became available to a broader public, latterly. This technology is based on machine learning and language models that need to be trained with input data. Many studies have focused on the distinction of human-written text. vs. generated texts but recent studies show that the underlying language models might be prone to reproduce gender bias in their output and, consequently, reinforcing gender roles and imbalances. In this paper, we give a perspective on this topic, considering both the generated text data itself and the machine learning models used for language generation. We present a case study of gender bias in generated text data and review recent literature addressing language models. Our results indicate that researching gender bias in the context of text generation faces significant challenges and that future work needs to overcome a lack of definitions as well as a lack of transparency.
The role of B cells in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Wang Ya-nan , Li Ruihua , Huang Yaxuan , Chen Hui , Nie Hao , Liu Lian , Zou Xiaoting , Zhong Jixin , Zheng Bing , Gong Quan
Published: December 2024

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a metabolic disorder caused by a complete lack of insulin, primarily manifested by hyperglycemia. The mechanisms underlying the onset of T1D are complex, involving genetics, environment, and various unknown factors, leading to the infiltration of various immune components into the islets. Besides T cells, B cells are now considered important contributors to the pathogenesis of T1D, according to recent studies. In non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, the absence of B cells prevents the development of T1D, and B-cell depletion can even restore the function of pancreatic β cells, emphasizing their involvement in the development of T1D. Naturally, besides pathogenic B cells, regulatory B cells (Bregs) might have a protective function in T1D. This article examines the mechanisms behind B-cell tolerance and the defects in B-cell tolerance checkpoints in T1D. We explored possible functions of B cells in T1D, including the role of islet autoantibodies in T1D, T–B cell interactions, and the role of Bregs in the pathogenesis of T1D. We also summarized the advances of B cell-targeted therapy, exploring new methods for intervention and treatment of T1D.
Crosstalk between thyroid CSCs and immune cells: basic principles and clinical implications
Authors: Li Xiaoxiao , Han Hengtong , Yang Kaili , Li Shouhua , Ma Libin , Yang Ze , Zhao Yong-xun
Published: December 2024

Thyroid cancer has become the most common endocrine malignancy. Although the majority of differentiated thyroid cancers have a favorable prognosis, advanced thyroid cancers, iodine-refractory thyroid cancers, and highly malignant undifferentiated carcinomas still face a serious challenge of poor prognosis and even death. Cancer stem cells are recognized as one of the central drivers of tumor evolution, recurrence and treatment resistance. A fresh viewpoint on the oncological aspects of thyroid cancer, including proliferation, invasion, recurrence, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance, has been made possible by the recent thorough understanding of the defining and developing features as well as the plasticity of thyroid cancer stem cells (TCSCs). The above characteristics of TCSCs are complicated and regulated by cell-intrinsic mechanisms (including activation of key stem signaling pathways, somatic cell dedifferentiation, etc.) and cell-extrinsic mechanisms. The complex communication between TCSCs and the infiltrating immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a paradigm for cell-extrinsic regulators. This review introduces the current advances in the studies of TCSCs, including the origin of TCSCs, the intrinsic signaling pathways regulating the stemness of TCSCs, and emerging biomarkers; We further highlight the underlying principles of bidirectional crosstalk between TCSCs and immune cell populations driving thyroid cancer progression, recurrence, or metastasis, including the specific mechanisms by which immune cells maintain the stemness and other properties of TCSCs and how TCSCs reshape the immune microenvironmental landscape to create an immune evasive and pro-tumorigenic ecological niche. Finally, we outline promising strategies and challenges for targeting key programs in the TCSCs-immune cell crosstalk process to treat thyroid cancer.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic acinar cells: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Chen Fan , Xu Kedong , Han Yimin , Ding Jiachun , Ren Jiaqiang , Wang Yaochun , Ma Zhenhua , Cao Fang
Published: December 2024

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas and a complex process involving multiple factors, with mitochondrial damage playing a crucial role. Mitochondrial dysfunction is now considered a key driver in the development of AP. This dysfunction often presents as increased oxidative stress, altered membrane potential and permeability, and mitochondrial DNA damage and mutations. Under stress conditions, mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial ROS production increase, leading to decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, imbalanced calcium homeostasis, and activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. The release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), recognized as damage-associated molecular patterns, can activate the cGAS-STING1 and NF-κB pathway and induce pro-inflammatory factor expression. Additionally, mtDNA can activate inflammasomes, leading to interleukin release and subsequent tissue damage and inflammation. This review summarizes the relationship between mitochondria and AP and explores mitochondrial protective strategies in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Future research on the treatment of acute pancreatitis can benefit from exploring promising avenues such as antioxidants, mitochondrial inhibitors, and new therapies that target mitochondrial dysfunction.
The systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) predicts survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy and the construction of a nomogram model
Authors: Tang Chunhan , Zhang Min , Jia Hongyuan , Wang Tianlei , Wu Hongwei , Xu Ke , Ren Tao , Liang Long
Published: December 2024

Background

Inflammation and immune evasion are associated with tumorigenesis and progression. The Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI) has been proposed as a pre-treatment peripheral blood biomarker. This study aims to compare the relationship between SIRI, various serum biomarkers, and the prognosis of NSCLC patients before and after treatment.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on advanced NSCLC patients treated with anti-PD-1 drugs from December 2018 to September 2021. Peripheral blood markers were measured pre- and post-treatment, and hazard ratios were calculated to assess the association between serum biomarkers and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were employed for survival analysis. A nomogram model was built based on multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis using the R survival package, with internal validation via the bootstrap method (1,000 resamples). Predictive performance was expressed using the concordance index (C-index), and calibration plots illustrated predictive accuracy.The application value of the model was evaluated by decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

Among 148 advanced NSCLC patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors, the median PFS was 12.9 months (range: 5.4–29.2 months), and the median OS was 19.9 months (range: 9.6–35.2 months). Univariate analysis identified pre- and post-treatment SIRI, mGRIm-Score, and PNI as independent prognostic factors for both PFS and OS (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that high post-SIRI and post-mGRIm-Score independently predicted poor PFS (P < 0.001, P = 0.004) and OS (P = 0.048, P = 0.001). The C-index of the nomogram model for OS was 0.720 (95% CI: 0.693–0.747) and for PFS was 0.715 (95% CI: 0.690–0.740). Internal validation via bootstrap resampling (B = 1,000) showed good agreement between predicted and observed OS and PFS at 1, 2, and 3 years, as depicted by calibration plots.

Conclusion

SIRI is an important independent predictor of early progression in advanced NSCLC patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors and may assist in identifying patients who will benefit from PD-1 inhibitors therapy in routine clinical practice.
The impact of digitalization on the green development of the marine economy: evidence from China’s coastal regions
Authors: Jin Xin , Li Mengxue , Lei Xue
Published: December 2024

Under the impetus of the new generation of technological revolution, digitalization offers new opportunities for the green development of the marine economy. Utilizing data from 11 coastal Chinese provinces and cities between 2011 and 2020, this paper constructs a comprehensive index system for the green development of the marine economy. Based on this, a fixed effects model is used to explore the impact of digitalization on the green development of the marine economy and its underlying mechanisms. The findings indicate that digitalization effectively promotes the green development of the marine economy, with this effect being more pronounced in regions bordering “the Belt and Road” initiative. Mechanism tests indicate that digitalization promotes the green development of the marine economy by raising the comprehensive development level of ports. When breaking down the components of port development, it is found that improving the port location quotient plays a more crucial role than port radiation intensity in how digitalization promotes the green development of the marine economy. Additionally, environmental regulation exerts a U-shaped moderating effect on the relationship between digitalization and the green development of the marine economy. Based on these findings, it is recommended to use digital technologies and data, expedite the development of marine big data platforms, integrate port resources, optimize port operations, and apply environmental regulation policies judiciously to promote efficient marine resource management and sustainable marine economic development.
Research of the physical and chemical properties of diatomite as a carrier of phase change materials for use in advanced building materials
Authors: Przybek Agnieszka , Łach Michał , Hebdowska-Krupa Maria , Miernik Krzysztof , Mikuła Janusz
Published: December 2024

Diatomaceous earth (diatomite) is a material that exhibits unique properties that can be used in many areas of the economy. The use of diatomite as a sorbent for absorbing oil substances has been known for many years. Diatomite, thanks to its structure, acts like a sponge, absorbing oil substances. Its micropores increase the surface area in contact with the pollutant, which speeds up the absorption process. Diatomite is used to clean up oil spills on land and water, secure industrial sites, treat wastewater, and manage pollution at ports and oil ports. Many scientific papers to date have focused on evaluating the potential of diatomite as a medium for petroleum substances. Still, there is little mention of the potential for using diatomite as a carrier for paraffinic PCMs. Paraffins are synthetic compounds obtained by distillation from a specific fraction of crude oil. This paper presents a study of the physicochemical properties of diatomite with a view to its subsequent use as a medium for absorbing paraffinic phase change materials. Thanks to its high porosity, high specific surface area, low density, and chemical inertness, this material is an ideal medium for paraffinic substances. In addition, its most important feature is the absence of desorption. A new type of environmentally friendly and cheap phase change materials may contribute to the increase in the use of this type of materials in construction. The benefits of using PCM materials are known.
Exploring causal relationships between immune cells and age-related macular degeneration through univariable, bidirectional, and multivariable Mendelian analysis
Authors: Wei Xixiang , Yang Hui , Yin Xue , Fu Zheng , Xiong Weiwei
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study systematically investigates the causal relationships between 731 immune cell phenotypes and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using comprehensive Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. The goal is to identify immune cell factors that contribute to or protect against AMD, thereby clarifying the immunological mechanisms underlying AMD pathophysiology and informing prevention and treatment strategies.

Methods

Univariable, bidirectional, and multivariable MR analyses were conducted to evaluate the associations between immune cells and AMD. By utilizing publicly available GWAS datasets, we eliminated the need for individual consents. The large-scale MR approach adhered to STROBE-MR guidelines. Immune cell GWAS data were sourced from a study involving 3,757 Sardinians, encompassing a broad spectrum of immune phenotypes, while AMD summary statistics were derived from a GWAS with over 3,763 cases. Instrumental variables (IVs) were carefully selected to comply with MR assumptions, and multiple MR methods were employed to enhance the robustness of causal inferences. Additionally, we supplemented the data for dry AMD (2,469 cases and 206,221 controls) and wet AMD (2,114 cases and 206,601 controls) for validation purposes.

Results

Univariable MR analysis identified 17 immune cell phenotypes significantly associated with AMD, including 11 potential risk factors and 6 potential protective factors. Bidirectional MR analysis found no significant effects of AMD on the examined immune cell subsets. Multivariable MR analysis indicated that TD CD4+ %T cells and CD39+ CD8br %T cells likely inhibit AMD development, whereas CD39+ CD8br %CD8br cells and CD45RA on resting Treg cells appear to increase AMD risk. Validation of immune cell subsets in dry and wet AMD revealed significant associations between specific immune cells and both forms of AMD, with some subsets uniquely linked to wet AMD and others to dry AMD.

Conclusion

This study addresses a critical gap in understanding the causal relationship between immune cells and AMD, identifying immune cell subsets that may either mitigate or exacerbate AMD risk. Notably, it highlights the potential role of CD39+ CD8+ T cells as anti-inflammatory agents and potential targets for immunotherapy in AMD. The absence of bidirectional causality suggests a complex origin of immune dysregulation in AMD. The differential associations of immune cell subsets with AMD subtypes carry significant implications for precision medicine approaches in ophthalmology, laying a solid foundation for future research focused on understanding the immunological underpinnings of AMD and developing targeted therapeutic strategies.
Development and validation of a risk prediction model for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome secondary to severe heat stroke based on immediate assessment indicators on ICU admission
Authors: Ren Entong , Chen Hao , Guo Chenjiao , Peng Yuanyuan , Tian Li , Yan Lulu , Tong Huasheng , Liu Anwei , Li Weihua
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Early prediction of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) secondary to severe heat stroke (SHS) is crucial for improving patient outcomes. This study aims to develop and validate a risk prediction model for those patients based on immediate assessment indicators on ICU admission.

Methods

Two hundred eighty-four cases with SHS in our hospital between July 2009 and April 2024 were retrospectively reviewed, and categorized into non-MODS and MODS groups. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for MODS, and then to construct a risk prediction model, which was visualized by a nomogram. The predictive performance of the model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL) test, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Finally, the AUCs of the prediction model was compared with other scoring systems.

Results

Acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI), heart rate (HR) >100 bpm, a decreased Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, and elevated total bilirubin (TBil) within the first 24 h of ICU admission are identified as independent risk factors for the development of MODS in SHS patients. The model demonstrated good discriminative ability, and the AUC was 0.910 (95% CI: 0.856–0.965). Applying the predictive model to the internal validation dataset demonstrated good discrimination with an AUC of 0.933 (95% CI: 0.880–0.985) and good fit and calibration. The DCA of this model showed a superior clinical net benefit.

Discussion

The risk prediction model based on AGI, HR, GCS, and TBil shows robust predictive performance and clinical utility, which could serve as a reference for assessing and screening the risk of MODS in SHS patients.
Relationship between sexually transmitted infections knowledge and the sexual behavior of Brazilian future doctors
Authors: Nascimento Maria Clara Sales do , Freitas Junior Luiz Ricardo Cerqueira , Freitas Isabel Carmen Fonseca , Avena Katia de Miranda , Andrade Bruno Bezerril
Published: December 2024

Background

The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remains alarming, especially among young people and college students, highlighting the vulnerability of this population. In the academic context, it is worth investigating whether medical students, despite their access to information, also engage in risky sexual behaviors.

Objective

The present study aims to describe the sexual behavior of Brazilian medical students, analyzing their level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS and other STIs, as well as examining potential correlations between this knowledge and risky behaviors.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted with 193 medical students from a private institution in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, using a structured, anonymous, self-administered online questionnaire. The questionnaire was adapted from the Brazilian Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Survey and a survey on risk behavior and knowledge among university students. Knowledge about STIs and HIV/AIDS was classified as “good” (above 70% correct answers), “average” (50–70% correct answers), and “poor” (below 50% correct answers). The work has been approved by the institutional review board of Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health.

Results

A total of 77.7% of the students exhibited risky sexual behavior, which was associated with the number of partners (p = 0.0001), engaging in sexual activity within the last 12 months (p = 0.001), lack of a steady partner (p = 0.001), not using condoms during the last sexual encounter with a steady partner (p = 0.0001), and the use of substances such as alcohol (p = 0.0001), marijuana (p = 0.0001), and cigarettes (p = 0.0001) during sexual activity. Most students demonstrated poor (49.2%) or average (48.7%) knowledge about STIs and HIV/AIDS, a pattern that persisted regardless of sexual behavior. Only not using condoms during sexual encounters with casual partners in the past 12 months (p = 0.021) was associated with low levels of knowledge.

Conclusion

The prevalence of risky sexual behaviors in this sample was high, as was the low level of knowledge about STIs. However, knowledge of STIs and HIV/AIDS does not appear to be the sole determinant of these behaviors.
Horizontal distribution of marine microbial communities in the North Pacific Subtropical Front
Authors: Lopes Eva , Semedo Miguel , Tomasino Maria Paola , Mendes Renato , de Sousa João Borges , Magalhães Catarina
Published: December 2024

Microbial communities are crucial for important ecosystem functions in the open ocean, such as primary production and nutrient cycling. However, few studies have addressed the distribution of microplankton communities in the remote oligotrophic region of the Pacific Ocean. Moreover, the biogeochemical and physical drivers of microbial community structure are not fully understood in these areas. This research aims to investigate the patterns of prokaryotic and protists communities’ distribution in the North Pacific Subtropical Front (NPSF). The NPSF is a vast oligotrophic region with layered surface water and strong ocean currents. Despite its considerable size, its community distribution and function are poorly studied. We used a 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing approach to identify and characterize the water column microbial communities at two depths, the surface (3–5 m) and the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM, 108–130 m). We aimed to elucidate the horizontal distribution patterns of these communities and to dissect the factors intricately shaping their distribution in the NPSF. Results showed that the community structure of both prokaryotes and protists was significantly influenced by depth, temperature, and longitude. Regarding alpha diversity, both communities presented a higher diversity at the surface. The prokaryotes also demonstrated to have a higher diversity in samples placed further east. The prokaryotes were dominated by Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria, and the eukaryotic communities were dominated by Syndiniales. Combining biological and hydrographic data analysis showed the influence of vertical currents near the frontal jet in shaping the vertical distribution of both prokaryotic and protist communities. Even though most studies do not consider anomalies that emerge at each depth, these occurrences are capable of having a strong impact and influence on community structure. This study marks a significant advance in unraveling the intricate community structure and distribution dynamics of marine microbial communities within the North Pacific Ocean.
Meta-analysis of gut microbiota alterations in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Li Xiaxi , Li Xiaoling , Xiao Haowei , Xu Jiaying , He Jianquan , Xiao Chuanxing , Zhang Bangzhou , Cao Man , Hong Wenxin
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic disorder of gastrointestinal function with a high prevalence worldwide. Due to its complex pathogenesis and heterogeneity, there is urrently no consensus in IBS research.

Methods

We collected and uniformly reanalyzed 1167 fecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing samples (623 from IBS patients and 544 from healthy subjects) from 9 studies. Using both a random effects (RE) model and a fixed effects (FE) model, we calculated the odds ratios for metrics including bacterial alpha diversity, beta diversity, common genera and pathways between the IBS and control groups.

Results

Significantly lower alpha-diversity indexes were observed in IBS patients by random effects model. Twenty-six bacterial genera and twelve predicted pathways were identified with significant odds ratios and classification potentials for IBS patients. Based on these feature, we used transfer learning to enhance the predictive capabilities of our model, which improved model performance by approximately 10%. Moreover, through correlation network analysis, we found that Ruminococcaceae and Christensenellaceae were negatively correlated with vitamin B6 metabolism, which was decreased in the patients with IBS. Ruminococcaceae was also negatively correlated with tyrosine metabolism, which was decreased in the patients with IBS.

Discussion

This study revealed the dysbiosis of fecal bacterial diversity, composition, and predicted pathways of patients with IBS by meta-analysis and identified universal biomarkers for IBS prediction and therapeutic targets.
Environmental enrichment is associated with favorable memory-related functional brain activity patterns in older adults
Authors: Hass Simon , Liebscher Maxie , Richter Anni , Fliessbach Klaus , Laske Christoph , Sodenkamp Sebastian , Peters Oliver , Hellmann-Regen Julian , Ersözlü Ersin , Priller Josef , Spruth Eike Jakob , Altenstein Slawek , Röske Sandra , Schneider Anja , Schütze Hartmut , Spottke Annika , Esser Anna , Teipel Stefan , Kilimann Ingo , Wiltfang Jens , Rostamzadeh Ayda , Glanz Wenzel , Incesoy Enise I. , Lüsebrink Falk , Dechent Peter , Hetzer Stefan , Scheffler Klaus , Wagner Michael , Jessen Frank , Düzel Emrah , Glöckner Franka , Schott Björn Hendrik , Wirth Miranka , Klimecki Olga ,   for DELCODE study group
Published: December 2024

Background

In humans, environmental enrichment (EE), as measured by the engagement in a variety of leisure activities, has been associated with larger hippocampal structure and better memory function. The present cross-sectional study assessed whether EE during early life (13–30 years) and midlife (30–65 years) is associated with better preserved memory-related brain activity patterns in older age.

Methods

In total, 372 cognitively unimpaired older adults (aged ≥60 years old) of the DZNE-Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (DELCODE; DRKS00007966) were investigated. EE was operationalized using items of the Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire (LEQ), which measures the self-reported participation in a variety of leisure activities in early life and midlife. The preservation of memory-related functional brain activity was assessed using single-value scores, which relate older adults’ brain activity patterns in the temporo-parieto-occipital memory network to those of young adults during visual memory encoding (FADE and SAME scores).

Results

EE during early life and midlife was significantly associated with higher SAME scores during novelty processing (n = 372, β = 0.13, p = 0.011). Thus, older participants with higher EE showed greater similarity of functional brain activity patterns during novelty processing with young adults. This positive association was observed most strongly in participants with subjective cognitive decline (SCD, n = 199, β = 0.20, p = 0.006).

Conclusion

More frequent participation in a variety of leisure activities in early life and midlife is associated with more successful aging of functional brain activity patterns in the memory network of older adults, including participants at increased risk for dementia. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify whether higher EE during life could help preserve memory network function in later life.