bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Physical Workout on Psychological Wellbeing among Students in Selected University of Health Sciences Mangaluru
Authors: Babu Christy , Imran Syed
Published: December 2021

Background of Study: Student period is the most memorable period of one's life time, it includes both happy moments and stressors to cope with, here researcher try to identify the stress level and psychological well being of student be and to identify the affect of physical workout on the psychological well being.

Methods: A quantitative research approach and quasi experimental pre test post test control group design was adopted for the study. Fifty subjects were selected bypurposive sampling technique. The subjects were assigned either to experimental group (n=25) or control group (n=25). The psychological wellbeing was measured using Ryff’s scale of psychological wellbeing.

Results: The study showed that the students have various stress and the physical workout is effective in improving psychological well being, This shows there is no association between psychological wellbeing and selected demographic variables of the students.

Conclusion: concluded that physical workout is effective in improving psychological wellbeing among students.
Relationship between Headache and Myofascial Pain: Systematic Review
Authors: Alkhudhairy May Wathiq , Aldafiri Ashwag Saleem , Alsayegh Yara Hamed , Saeed Wesam Saad Bin , Albather Nadia Kamal
Published: December 2021

Aims: To systematically investigate the relationship between headache and myofascial.

Study design: Systematic Review.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Between June 2020 and November 2021.

Methodology: A systematic search of the literature was conducted between 2006 and 2019 in seven electronic databases (Brain, Pub Med, ScienceDirect database, NCBI, Web of Science Core Collection, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Saudi digital library). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was followed and the clinical question in PICO format was the relationship between headache and myofascial pain. The initial search resulted in 663 articles. Only 9 studies were selected for qualitative synthesis after fulfilling the eligibility criteria (three double blind Randomized Controlled Trials RCTs and one retrospective cohort study). The results showed that there is a consistent trend in the literature supporting the relationship between headache and MFP.

Results: The first search showed 663 articles. A total of 110 duplicates were eliminated. After filtering by reading titles and abstracts and discarding any extraneous topics or goals that are not directly connected to this systematic review, the first phase comprised 49 publications. There were 14 papers that needed to be reviewed and evaluated for eligibility. Nine articles were chosen for the final evaluation after full text screening.

Conclusion: The findings point to a significant association between headache disability and musculoskeletal disorders of the head and neck. The absence of an agreement in Orofacial Pain research methodology, unified approaches, has an impact on the optimal collecting requirements for a systematic review.
Factors Associated with Surgical Treatment Outcome of Psoas Muscle Abscess
Authors: Khatoon Shahida , Shaikh Shiraz , Memon Abdul Salam , Khatti Shahnawaz , Shaikh Aijaz Ahmed , Memon Riaz Ahmed
Published: December 2021

Background: Psoas abscess is a rare condition but one with potential for severe morbidity. Many factors may be implicated in the treatment outcome of the condition and efforts must be directed to identify, understand and control the factors for a better prognosis.

Objective: To identify the factors associated with surgical treatment outcome of psoas muscle abscess.

Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted upon a sample of 58 patients (chosen via non-probability, consecutive sampling) scheduled for surgical treatment for psoas muscle abscess (aged 18 to 60 years) at department of General Surgery at Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad & Jamshoro. All the patients underwent surgical treatment. The data was recorded via pre-structured questionnaire comprising of inquiries pertaining to socio-demographic details, presenting complaints, and factors association with surgical treatment outcome (in terms of resolution of abscess cavity). Data was analyzed via SPSS version 20.

Results: Mean age of study subjects was 37.6 ± 12.5 years. Out of all 72.4% were males and 27.5% were females. Most common presentation of patients was pain in flanks, followed by fever. The commonest etiological factor was tuberculosis (TB) and consequently spinal (TB) was the most common. Resolution of abscess cavity was noted among 77.5% of the cases with a greater proportion of recovery falling in line non- tuberculous etiology.

Conclusions: After careful consideration, it can be concluded that secondary psoas muscle and that with tuberculous etiology have a poorer surgical outcome, thus greater care and more effective surgical techniques may be employed to achieve complete resolution of abscess.
Knowledge and Attitude towards Antibiotics Prescription and Antimicrobial Resistance among Dental Surgeons in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Osailan Samira M. , Alenazi Adel , Alburaih Jasem A. , Almuqbil Aseel F. , Almansour Nada N. , Barnawi Nahla I. , Alkahtani Alhanouf K. , Almutairi Ayad B. , Alzahrani Khames T.
Published: December 2021

Aims: To assess knowledge and attitude towards antibiotics prescription and antimicrobial resistance among dentist in Saudi Arabia.

Study Design:  Cross-sectional, survey-based study.

Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Saudi Arabia, between June 2020 and October 2021.

Methodology: This is was a cross-sectional, survey-based study in Saudi Arabia. Data was collected using a predesigned self-administered online questionnaire. The survey was distributed to dentist and dental surgeons in Saudi Arabia. It included demographic data, Knowledge about antibiotics, Attitude towards antibiotics, prescription of antibiotics based on the clinical situation. Data were analyzed by the SPSS program, version 25 at a level of significance of 0.05. 

Results: A total of 208 study participants completed the survey questionnaire. The results showed that the half of study participants females. Moreover, more than half of the study participants were bachelor’s degree. Additionally, 21.2% of the study participants earned dental internship. However, the least proportion had the master’s degree or higher (4.3%).91.8% of the study respondents were general dentist compared to 2.9% were oral surgeon and the least portion 1% was endodontist.

Conclusion: The use of antibiotics inappropriately was common, and the drivers of inappropriate practices were found as young age, male sex, higher education, and a negative attitude regarding antibiotic use.
Mechanism of Common Systemic Immunodeficiency Disorders and its Literature Comparison
Authors: Ruskin Pinky , Priyadharshini R. , Sindhuja Palati
Published: December 2021

Systemic immunodeficiency disorders are heterogenous groups ofImmunodeficiency disorders could experience an assortment of clinical signs, including intermittent, extreme, or irregular diseases, autoimmunity, and lymphoproliferative/malignancies. Immunodeficiency involves an enormous amount of sicknesses, influencing the advancement of the immune system, its function, or both. There is a increase in percentage of immunodeficiency disorders among population. However, numerous patients are diagnosed late; numerous cases experience the ill effects of difficulties by chronic infections, end-organ damage, or even demise before the diagnosis is made. Ideal determination and suitable treatment remain key to the successful management of patients. The objective of this review is to overview the various systemic immunodeficiency disorders and their mechanism of occurrence of immunodeficiency.
IR Susceptibility of Supersonic Aircraft according to Omni-directional Detection Angle
Authors: Nam Juyeong , Chang Injoong , Park Kyungsu , Cho Hyung Hee
Published: December 2021

Infrared guided weapons act as threats that greatly degrade the survivability of combat aircraft. Infrared weapons detect and track the target aircraft by sensing the infrared signature radiated from the aircraft fuselage. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the infrared signature and susceptibility of supersonic aircraft according to omni-directional detection angle. Through the numerical analysis, we derived the surface temperature distribution of fuselage and omni-directional infrared signature. Then, we calculated the detection range according to detection angle in consideration of IR sensor’s parameters. Using in-house code, the lethal range was calculated by considering the relative velocity between aircraft and IR missile. As a result, the elevational susceptibility is larger than the azimuthal susceptibility, and it means that the aircraft can be attacked in wider area at the elevational situation.
Green Flexible Graphene–Inorganic‐Hybrid Micro‐Supercapacitors Made of Fallen Leaves Enabled by Ultrafast Laser Pulses
Authors: Le Truong‐Son Dinh , Lee Yeong A. , Nam Han Ku , Jang Kyu Yeon , Yang Dongwook , Kim Byunggi , Yim Kanghoon , Kim Seung‐Woo , Yoon Hana , Kim Young‐Jin
Published: December 2021

The development of green flexible micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) is one of the biggest challenges in future wearable electronics. Flexible MSCs are mainly produced from non‐biodegradable synthetic polymers, resulting in massive electronic waste. Moreover, complex multi‐step fabrication increases their production cost. Here, the direct fabrication of highly conductive, intrinsically flexible, and green microelectrodes from naturally fallen leaves in ambient air using femtosecond laser pulses without any additional materials is reported. Hierarchically porous graphene is patterned on different types of leaves via a facile, mask‐less, scalable, and one‐step laser writing. Leaves consist of biominerals, which decompose into inorganic crystals that serve as nucleation sites for the growth of 3D mesoporous few‐layer graphene. The femtosecond laser‐induced graphene (FsLIG) microelectrodes formed on leaves have lower sheet resistance (23.3 Ω sq−1) than their synthetic polymer counterparts and exhibit an outstanding areal capacitance (34.68 mF cm−2 at 5 mV s−1) and capacitance retention (≈99% after 50 000 charge/discharge cycles). The FsLIG MSCs on a single leaf could easily power a light‐emitting diode or a table clock and could be applied in wearable electronics, smart houses, and Internet of Things.
Quaternary NAND Logic and Complementary Ternary Inverter with p‐MoTe2/n‐MoS2 Heterostack Channel Transistors
Authors: Park Sam , Lee Han Joo , Choi Wonjun , Jin Hye‐Jin , Cho Hyunmin , Jeong Yeonsu , Lee Sol , Kim Kwanpyo , Im Seongil
Published: December 2021

Applications of 2D semiconductors have been extensively studied, much oriented to various electron devices. Recently, multivalue field‐effect transistors (FETs) are also included among 2D‐based electron device studies in consideration that multivalue FETs may resolve power consumption issues in future integrated circuits. Several n‐channel devices are thus reported along with a few p‐channel devices, while studies to achieve both n‐ and p‐channel multivalue FETs are hardly found. Here, both n‐ and p‐channel multivalue FETs are fabricated using p‐MoTe2/n‐MoS2 heterostack channel architecture, where either p‐ or n‐channel ternary value FET is reproducible by switching the stacking order of p‐ and n‐channel layer. The main ternary value mechanism originates from resonant tunneling type injection and channel inversion, which take place during device operation. For a state‐of‐the‐art device application in 2D electronics, a quaternary NAND logic circuit is for the first time demonstrated by integrating two ternary n‐channel FETs, and a complementary ternary inverter is also fabricated by integrating multivalue p‐channel and plain n‐channel FET.
Strain Engineering of Low‐Dimensional Materials for Emerging Quantum Phenomena and Functionalities
Authors: Kim Jin Myung , Haque Md Farhadul , Hsieh Ezekiel Y. , Nahid Shahriar Muhammad , Zarin Ishrat , Jeong Kwang‐Yong , So Jae‐Pil , Park Hong‐Gyu , Nam SungWoo
Published: December 2021

Recent discoveries of exotic physical phenomena, such as unconventional superconductivity in magic‐angle twisted bilayer graphene, dissipationless Dirac fermions in topological insulators, and quantum spin liquids, have triggered tremendous interest in quantum materials. The macroscopic revelation of quantum mechanical effects in quantum materials is associated with strong electron–electron correlations in the lattice, particularly where materials have reduced dimensionality. Owing to the strong correlations and confined geometry, altering atomic spacing and crystal symmetry via strain has emerged as an effective and versatile pathway for perturbing the subtle equilibrium of quantum states. This review highlights recent advances in strain‐tunable quantum phenomena and functionalities, with particular focus on low‐dimensional quantum materials. Experimental strategies for strain engineering are first discussed in terms of heterogeneity and elastic reconfigurability of strain distribution. The nontrivial quantum properties of several strain‐quantum coupled platforms, including 2D van der Waals materials and heterostructures, topological insulators, superconducting oxides, and metal halide perovskites, are next outlined, with current challenges and future opportunities in quantum straintronics followed. Overall, strain engineering of quantum phenomena and functionalities is a rich field for fundamental research of many‐body interactions and holds substantial promise for next‐generation electronics capable of ultrafast, dissipationless, and secure information processing and communications.
Future‐Oriented Advanced Diarylethene Photoswitches: From Molecular Design to Spontaneous Assembly Systems
Authors: Cheng Hong‐Bo , Zhang Shuchun , Bai Enying , Cao Xiaoqiao , Wang Jiaqi , Qi Ji , Liu Jun , Zhao Jing , Zhang Liqun , Yoon Juyoung
Published: December 2021

Diarylethene (DAE) photoswitch is a new and promising family of photochromic molecules and has shown superior performance as a smart trigger in stimulus‐responsive materials. During the past few decades, the DAE family has achieved a leap from simple molecules to functional molecules and developed toward validity as a universal switching building block. In recent years, the introduction of DAE into an assembly system has been an attractive strategy that enables the photochromic behavior of the building blocks to be manifested at the level of the entire system, beyond the DAE unit itself. This assembly‐based strategy will bring many unexpected results that promote the design and manufacture of a new generation of advanced materials. Here, recent advances in the design and fabrication of diarylethene as a trigger in materials science, chemistry, and biomedicine are reviewed.
Controlling Directional Liquid Transport on Dual Cylindrical Fibers with Oriented Open‐Wedges
Authors: Meng Qing'an , Xu Bojie , Tang Zhongxue , Wei Yan , Jiang Lei , Liu Huan
Published: December 2021

Directional liquid transport (DLT) on fibrous systems has been widely used in both natural organisms and practical applications as an important mass transfer strategy. So far, DLTs on fibers are heavily dependent on the conical structure that enables generating the Laplace pressure difference. For the cylindrical fibers, liquid can only transport evenly along both directions of the axis driven by the capillary forces between fibers, which however hardly proceeds directionally in a controllable way. Here, the authors revealed that the dual cylindrical hairs bear the ability of DLT, which is attributable to the wet‐rebuilt open‐wedged scales. Capillary forces along wedge corners facilitate the liquid transport in the against‐scale direction, while the pinning effect at the sharp edges of open‐wedges works cooperatively with the anisotropic retention force imparted by the ratchet structures to inhibit liquid spreading in the with‐scale direction. Consequently, liquid prefers to transport in the against‐scale direction on dual cylindrical hairs. Drawing inspirations, the authors develop the conceptual‐model of dual cylindrical fibers that is capable of DLT, and moreover the DLT with different rectification ratios can be well‐controlled depending on the opening angle of wedges. The result offers new insights for manipulating liquid using cylindrical fibrous systems.
An In Situ Polymeric Electrolyte with Low Interfacial Resistance on Electrodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jin Lei , Jang Giseok , Lim Hyunmin , Zhang Wei , Kim Whangi , Jang Hohyoun
Published: December 2021

Due to their high energy density and safety, polymer electrolytes are considered a promising alternative to the commercial liquid electrolytes used in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, in practical application, polymer electrolytes are limited by the high interface resistance between electrodes and electrolyte, leading to low ionic conductivity at room temperature (RT). In the present work, an in situ cationic ring‐opening technique is introduced using LiFSI as an initiator to address the issue of interfacial contact between electrolyte and electrodes in LIBs. Herein, a series of in situ poly(siloxane‐epoxy)‐based polymer electrolytes (PSEPEs) are synthesized, which present good thermal stability (158 °C), low glass transition temperature (Tg) (−42 °C), high ionic conductivity of 1.16 × 10–4 S cm–1, and good tLi+ of 0.61 at RT. The PSEPEs also show a wide electrochemical window (>4.7 V vs Li/Li+), and excellent compatibility with the lithium anode with an assembled LiFePO4/ PSEPEs /Li cell. This work contributes to developing a new polymer electrolyte fabricated by in situ cationic polymerization, and its effects on the reduction of the interfacial resistance of electrodes–electrolyte.
Lead‐Free Chiral 2D Double Perovskite Microwire Arrays for Circularly Polarized Light Detection
Authors: Zhao Yingjie , Dong Meiqiu , Feng Jiangang , Zhao Jinjin , Guo Yangwu , Fu Yue , Gao Hanfei , Yang Junchuan , Jiang Lei , Wu Yuchen
Published: December 2021

The realization of polarized photodetection vigorously accelerates the development of applications in quantum communication, medicine, imaging, and sensing. Polarized light detection has been realized based on chiral perovskites, but the high concentrations of toxic lead and instability in those reported perovskites impose difficulties for their commercial applications. Furthermore, the precise patterning of perovskite arrays with high crystallinity is in high demand for the integration of optoelectronic devices. Herein, pure (001)‐orientated lead‐free chiral 2D double perovskite single‐crystalline microwire arrays are fabricated by the capillary‐bridge confined assembly technique. Perovskite microwire arrays present remarkable environmental stability under ambient conditions. With the synergy of the excellent crystallinity and sensitive circular‐polarization absorption of chiral perovskite microwire arrays, outstanding circularly polarized light photodetectors are realized, with responsivity exceeding 52 mA W−1 and detectivity exceeding 3.9 × 1011 Jones.
Distribution and density of the Critically Endangered estuarine pipefish across its range – implications for conservation
Authors: Claassens Louw , de Villiers Nina M. , Seath Jessica , Wasserman Johan
Published: December 2021

The identification and development of locally significant conservation actions require comprehensive and current ecological species information. Logistically this can be difficult, especially when studying rare and cryptic species which are at greater risk of becoming extinct. This study investigated the current distribution and density of the estuarine pipefish Syngnathus watermeyeri, the only Critically Endangered pipefish in the world, and the commonly found longsnout pipefish Syngnathus temminckii.

Pipefish were surveyed using a seine net in the Kariega, Bushmans, Kasouga and Kleinemonde East and West estuaries, located on the south coast of South Africa, in October 2019, March 2020 and July 2020. The habitat and physico‐chemical characteristics of each site were measured to determine whether these factors had an effect on the presence of S. watermeyeri. In addition, available habitat extent within the Bushmans and Kariega estuaries was mapped.

Pipefish were only detected in two of the five estuaries within the historical range of S. watermeyeri and a total of 59 S. watermeyeri and 45 S. temminckii were found across all three surveys. Zostera capensis and Codium sp. were the dominant submerged vegetation within the Bushmans and Kariega estuaries and the presence of pipefish was positively associated with the availability of vegetation, especially Codium sp.

This is the most extensive targeted survey for S. watermeyeri to date, both temporally and spatially, and provides important insights into what threatens this species. This information should be used to inform future IUCN Red List assessments and the development of locally significant conservation actions.
o‐Cyanobenzoate: A Recyclable and Reusable Stereo‐directing Group for β‐O‐Glycosylation via Pd(0)‐catalyzed Ferrier Rearrangement
Authors: Das Pradip , Rahaman Molla Mosidur , Kumar Amit , Thakur Rima
Published: December 2021

Inner sphere Tsuji‐Trost reaction has found recent application for β‐selective Ferrier rearrangement of glycal substrates with alcohol nucleophiles. Herein, we report an efficient and stereoselective synthesis of 2,3‐dideoxy‐β‐O‐glycosides from C3‐(o‐cyanobenzoate) ester protected glycal donors via Ferrier rearrangement under Pd(0)‐catalyzed Tsuji‐Trost conditions. The synthesized donors indeed reacted with a variety of acceptors to afford the corresponding glycosides in good yields and excellent β‐stereoselectivity. The stereochemical outcome of the reactions has been found to be independent of the nature of protecting groups or conformational flexibility of the glycal donors. Furthermore, regeneration of ortho‐cyanobenzoic acid post rearrangement makes it a recyclable and reusable stereodirecting group. A preliminary mechanistic study demonstrates the importance of cyano‐group for the observed rearrangement and stereoselectivity. Incorporation of the directing group on the benzoate ester has altered the reactivity of the ester group as a leaving group for Tsuji‐Trost as well as Ferrier Rearrangement pathway.
Tracing X‐ray and HI absorption in peaked spectrum sources
Authors: Kerrison Emily F. , Moss Vanessa A. , Sadler Elaine M. , Allison James R.
Published: December 2021

Recent studies have shown that both 21 cm HI absorption and soft X‐ray absorption serve as excellent tracers of the dense and dusty gas near the active nucleus of young radio galaxies, offering new insight into the physical nature of the circumnuclear medium. To date, a correlation between the column densities derived using these absorption processes have been observed within Compact Steep Spectrum and Gigahertz‐Peaked Spectrum radio sources. While it is possible that this correlation exists within the broader radio population, many samples of radio galaxies make this difficult to test due to selection effects. This paper explores the possibility of a correlation in the broader radio population by analyzing a historic sample of 168 radio sources compiled from the literature in such a way so as to minimize selection bias. From this historic sample, we conclude that there is some evidence for a correlation between HI and soft X‐ray absorption outside of peaked spectrum sources, but that the selection bias toward these sources makes further analysis difficult using current samples. We discuss this in the context of the SEAFOG project and how forthcoming data will change the landscape of future absorption studies.
Parental age and autism severity in the Rhode Island Consortium for Autism Research and Treatment (RI‐CART) study
Authors: Kavanaugh Brian C. , Gabert Tess ,   Rhode Island Consortium for Autism Research and Treatment (RI‐CART), Jones Richard N. , Sheinkopf Stephen J. , Morrow Eric M.
Published: December 2021

Advanced parental age at offspring birth has been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The objective of the current study was to investigate associations between parental age at birth and autism severity. The Rhode Island Consortium for Autism Research and Treatment (RI‐CART) study represents a community‐based sample with a range of autism severity, including participants with and without ASD. This study involved participants (n = 1178) enrolled in RI‐CART with available mother and father ages at birth. Primary data points included the age of mother and father at the participant's birth and results from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule – Second Edition (ADOS‐2). Mothers were 1.7 years older at the time of birth of the child with ASD, as compared to mothers of offspring without ASD. Fathers of children with ASD were 1.6 years older at the time of birth than fathers of children without ASD. The age of both parents at offspring birth displayed a positive, statistically significant association with overall ASD severity and the severity of restricted/repetitive behaviors. This finding was driven by the association between parental age and the severity of compulsions or rituals. Intelligence and adaptive functioning did not moderate the relationship between parental age and ASD severity. This study extends prior research to show that advanced parental age at birth is associated with the severity as well as the presence of ASD in offspring.
Data Management Programs Offer Multiple Benefits
Authors: Bradley Tyler C. , Horscroft Nicola , Mattson Kyle , Burlingame Gary A.
Published: December 2021

Key Takeaways

Water systems should work toward developing data management programs that extend the knowledge gained from routine water quality monitoring.

Developing routine data‐based reports or data‐driven dashboards can help utilities proactively manage their drinking water distribution systems.

Adopting open‐source scripted software can help systems automate many data‐driven tasks while reducing errors, allowing operators to access needed information faster to make data‐informed decisions.
Using AMI Data for Water Distribution Modeling
Authors: Jackson Stephen , Walski Thomas , Dryer Joseph , Nicholson Frank , French Joseph , Sutor Adrian , Barkjohn Zachary
Published: December 2021

Key Takeaways

One of the benefits of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is much more accurate modeling of customer demands.

AMI data can capture both the temporal and spatial aspects of demands.

AMI data in Walla Walla, Wash., provided useful insights on customer water use patterns.
Sustainable university entrepreneurship: Revisiting firm growth patterns
Authors: Fernández‐López Sara , Rodeiro‐Pazos David , Rodríguez‐Gulías María Jesús , Nogueira‐Moreiras Manuel Anxo
Published: December 2021

Previous research on the firm growth of the university spin‐offs (USOs) and its drivers yields inconclusive results. Recently, the literature on the high‐growth firms (HGFs) has relied on regression quantile methods to study how the effects of growth determinants may differ along the firm growth distribution. This study builds a bridge between the two strands of literature by exploring how firm‐specific characteristics may shape sales and employment growth patterns of USOs. To this end, it applies panel data quantile regression models in a sample of 531 Spanish USOs over the period of 2001–2013. The results show that the growth drivers not only differ between employment growth and sales growth but also along the growth distributions.
Leveraging Neuroscience‐Informed Resilience Principles to Support Clients' Career Decision‐Making
Authors: Dickinson Rebecca , Miller Raissa , Beeson Eric T.
Published: December 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic has had a significant impact on people's lives, requiring a shift in focus to short‐term survival and management of changes in relationships, academic and work environments, and future career options. Understandably, one of the most seminal aspects of career development—deciding on a future career—can seem overwhelming or even irrelevant in the face of such challenges. Neuroscience research offers a scientifically grounded framework for understanding the impact of chronic acute stressors, such as COVID‐19, on functioning and can provide direction for interventions that foster resilience and support clients' ability to reengage in career decision‐making. We discuss research related to the neuroscience of stress and resilience and ways to apply that information within career counseling.
Remedial Interventions to Address Receptivity to Feedback in Master's‐Level Counseling Students
Authors: Salpietro Lena , Clark Madeline , Kress Victoria , Laux John , Walker Tanesha
Published: December 2021

Remediation is an essential gatekeeping responsibility, yet counselor education lacks consensus on the best way to approach student remediation. We used Q methodology to explore the remediation practices of 28 counselor educators employed full‐time in accredited university programs. Four factors emerged: Due Process, Reflective Practice, Remedial Coursework, and Preserve Programmatic Status.
Analysis of US Food and Drug Administration Oncology Approvals on the Characterization of Hepatic Impairment Effect and Dosing Recommendations
Authors: Yang Derek Z. , Alhadab Ali , Parivar Kourosh , Wang Diane D. , Elmeliegy Mohamed
Published: December 2021

Patients with cancer and advanced hepatic impairment (HI) (i.e., moderate and severe impairment) are often excluded from first‐in‐patient, phase II, and phase III studies. Thus, dose recommendations for this subgroup of patients are often derived using a combination of dedicated phase I studies conducted in participants without cancer and a population pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling approach. A standardized risk‐based approach to guide the evaluation of HI in patients with cancer is needed. In this review, we evaluated available oncology drug approvals by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from 1999 to 2019, identified strategies utilized by sponsors to characterize the effect of HI on the PK of oncology drugs, and assessed regulatory expectations for each strategy. Finally, we constructed a decision tree that complements current FDA guidance to enable efficient evaluation of the effect of HI on PK and provide guidance for dose recommendations.
The philanthropic response of substantive and symbolic corporate social responsibility strategies to COVID‐19 crisis: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhong Ma , Zhao Weiqi , Shahab Yasir
Published: December 2021

The COVID‐19 epidemic broke out in China in January 2020, which triggered the largest wave of corporate philanthropic donations since the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. Based on A‐share listed firms in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges in 2020, we study whether substantive and symbolic corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies affect corporate philanthropic responses during the COVID‐19 crisis. We use the lagged annual donation and technical dimension scores (T scores) of rankins ratings (RKS) as proxies of CSR performance and CSR disclosure and then define the CSR gap as the gap between the two. The results show that substantive and symbolic strategies cause firms to have material differential responses in the COVID‐19 crisis. Specifically, the CSR gap is negatively related to the possibility and the level of crisis donation. In addition, (1) this difference is more pronounced in the earlier period of the COVID‐19 crisis; (2) the negative correlation is more pronounced in private firms; and (3) the crisis donation of firms with either strategy obtains no different response from the capital market. Our evidence suggests that the established CSR strategy influences the substantive response of Chinese firms to public emergencies, but their substantive response does not result in different reactions in the capital market.
Marx‐based pulse generator with high‐voltage gain
Authors: Kholgh Khiz Ali , Banaei Mohamad Reza
Published: December 2021

In this paper, a new configuration of Marx generator with high‐voltage (HV) gain is presented for electroporation applications. Each module consists of one switch, one capacitor, and two diodes. The capacitors are charged in parallel with the input inductor and the input DC voltage source simultaneously; eventually, the charged capacitors are connected in series, and the HV output pulses are generated. The load is connected differently at the output stage, and there is not any switch at the output stage to generate the HV pulses. The majority of Marx generators suffer from the high number of modules to reach the desired pulse peak voltage. Due to the high‐voltage gain of the proposed topology, fewer modules are needed to achieve the desired HV pulse peak voltage. Mathematical analysis is presented along with a full design of the system components. Soft switching reduces the switching power loss in this converter, which is presented in detail. A comparative study is carried out to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed structure. Finally, simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed concept.
Postglacial outsize fan formation in the Upper Rhone valley, Switzerland – gradual or catastrophic?
Authors: Schoch‐Baumann Anna , Blöthe Jan Henrik , Munack Henry , Hornung Jens , Codilean Alexandru T. , Fülöp Réka‐H. , Wilcken Klaus , Schrott Lothar
Published: December 2021

Outsize fans are characterized by seemingly disproportionately small feeder catchments in relation to their fan area. Often having escaped rigorous scientific inquiry, the formative processes of these landforms remain inconclusive, supposedly ranging from catastrophic mass‐wasting processes to gradual fluvial formation. Here we apply a multi‐method approach, combining morphometric analysis with geophysical subsurface surveys and cosmogenic radionuclide exposure dating, to three outsize fans with hitherto unknown formation history in the Upper Rhone valley, Switzerland. Their feeder catchments are cut into bedrock hillslopes with a lack of indication of both pre‐existing catchment structures and/or unconsolidated material that was available after deglaciation.

Focusing our study on the largest of these fans, our findings suggest a fan formation in three phases: In Phase 1, commencing after deglaciation at c. 10 ka and ceasing with full catchment development c. 6.0 ka, bulk fan bodies were established by deposits of massive high‐energy, high‐magnitude debris flows exporting sediment with average yields of up to 73 kt km−2 yr−1. In Phase 2, feeder basins were affected by comparatively lower‐magnitude debris flows that distributed a sedimentary facies of debris flow channels, snouts and large boulders across the initial fan. Over time, deposition rates quickly decayed and finally ceased c. 0.8 ka, when the system entered the present Phase 3, during which the fan‐surface consolidated and fan aggradation terminated. Low gradient and abundant still‐water deposits upstream of the fan still attest to the disruption of longitudinal sediment connectivity in the trunk valley.

We conclude that outsize fan formation by massive debris flows in the Upper Rhone valley was rapid and massive, but incremental and non‐catastrophic. Given the delivery of material at extremely high rates, outsize fans are capable of having a sustained impact on geomorphic systems and, during phases of activity, potentially endangering human livelihoods.
Experiences of women seeking care for abortion complications in health facilities: Secondary analysis of the WHO Multi‐Country Survey on Abortion in 11 African countries
Authors: Govule Philip , Baumann Sasha , Dossou Jean‐Paul , Calvert Clara , Goufodji Sourou , Mehrtash Hedieh , Tuncalp Özge , Adu‐Bonsaffoh Kwame , Compaoré Rachidatou , Filippi Véronique
Published: December 2021

Objective

Despite evidence of acute and long‐term consequences of suboptimal experiences of care, standardized measurements across countries remain limited, particularly for postabortion care. We aimed to determine the proportion of women reporting negative experiences of care for abortion complications, identify risk factors, and assess the potential association with complication severity.

Methods

Data were sourced from the WHO Multi‐Country Survey on Abortion for women who received facility‐based care for abortion complications in 11 African countries. We measured women's experiences of care with eight questions from an audio computer‐assisted self‐interview related to respect, communication, and support. Multivariable generalized estimating equations were used for analysis.

Results

There were 2918 women in the study sample and 1821 (62%) reported at least one negative experience of postabortion care. Participants who were aged under 30 years, single, of low socioeconomic status, and economically dependent had higher odds of negative experiences. Living in West or Central Africa, rather than East Africa, was also associated with reportedly worse care. The influence of complication severity on experience of care appeared significant, such that women with moderate and severe complications had 12% and 40% higher odds of reporting negative experiences, respectively.

Conclusion

There were widespread reports of negative experiences of care among women receiving treatment for abortion complications in health facilities. Our findings contribute to the scant understanding of the risk factors for negative experiences of postabortion care and highlight the need to address harmful provider biases and behaviors, alleviate health system constraints, and empower women in demanding better care.
STAT3 Hyperactivation Due to SOCS3 Deletion in Murine Osteocytes Accentuates Responses to Exercise- and Load-Induced Bone Formation
Authors: McGregor Narelle E , Walker Emma C , Chan Audrey SM , Poulton Ingrid J , Cho Ellie H-J , Windahl Sara H , Sims Natalie A
Published: December 2021

Cortical bone develops and changes in response to mechanical load, which is sensed by bone-embedded osteocytes. The bone formation response to load depends on STAT3 intracellular signals, which are upregulated after loading and are subject to negative feedback from Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 (Socs3). Mice with Dmp1Cre-targeted knockout of Socs3 have elevated STAT3 signaling in osteocytes and display delayed cortical bone maturation characterized by impaired accrual of high-density lamellar bone. This study aimed to determine whether these mice exhibit an altered response to mechanical load. The approach used was to test both treadmill running and tibial compression in female Dmp1Cre.Socs3f/f mice. Treadmill running for 5 days per week from 6 to 11 weeks of age did not change cortical bone mass in control mice, but further delayed cortical bone maturation in Dmp1Cre.Socs3f/f mice; accrual of high-density bone was suppressed, and cortical thickness was less than in genetically-matched sedentary controls. When strain-matched anabolic tibial loading was tested, both control and Dmp1Cre.Socs3f/f mice exhibited a significantly greater cortical thickness and periosteal perimeter in loaded tibia compared with the contralateral non-loaded bone. At the site of greatest compressive strain, the loaded Dmp1Cre.Socs3f/f tibias showed a significantly greater response than controls, indicated by a greater increase in cortical thickness. This was due to a greater bone formation response on both periosteal and endocortical surfaces, including formation of abundant woven bone on the periosteum. This suggests a greater sensitivity to mechanical load in Dmp1Cre.Socs3f/f bone. In summary, mice with targeted SOCS3 deletion and immature cortical bone have an exaggerated response to both physiological and experimental mechanical loads. We conclude that there is an optimal level of osteocytic response to mechanical load required for cortical bone maturation and that load-induced bone formation may be increased by augmenting STAT3 signaling within osteocytes. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Hedgehog Signaling Controls Bone Homeostasis by Regulating Osteogenic/Adipogenic Fate of Skeletal Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice
Authors: Zhang Liwei , Fu Xuejie , Ni Li , Liu Cunchang , Zheng Yixin , You Hongji , Li Meng , Xiu Chunmei , Zhang Lei , Gong Tingting , Luo Na , Zhang Zunyi , He Guangxu , Hu Shijun , Yang Huilin , Chen Di , Chen Jianquan
Published: December 2021

Skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs) can differentiate into osteogenic or adipogenic lineage. The mechanism governing lineage allocation of SSPCs is still not completely understood. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays an essential role in specifying osteogenic fate of mesenchymal progenitors during embryogenesis. However, it is still unclear whether Hh signaling is required for lineage allocation of SSPCs in postnatal skeleton, and whether its dysregulation is related to age-related osteoporosis. Here, we demonstrated that Hh signaling was activated in metaphyseal SSPCs during osteogenic differentiation in the adult skeleton, and its activity decreased with aging. Inactivation of Hh signaling by genetic ablation of Smo, a key molecule in Hh signaling, in Osx-Cre–targeted SSPCs and hypertrophic chondrocytes led to decreased bone formation and increased bone marrow adiposity, two key pathological features of age-related osteoporosis. Moreover, we found that the bone-fat imbalance phenotype caused by Smo deletion mainly resulted from aberrant allocation of SSPCs toward adipogenic lineage at the expense of osteogenic differentiation, but not due to accelerated transdifferentiation of chondrocytes into adipocytes. Mechanistically, we found that Hh signaling regulated osteoblast versus adipocyte fate of SSPCs partly through upregulating Wnt signaling. Thus, our results indicate that Hh signaling regulates bone homeostasis and age-related osteoporosis by acting as a critical switch of cell fate decisions of Osx-Cre–targeted SSPCs in mice and suggest that Hh signaling may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
An Expert Perspective on Phosphate Dysregulation With a Focus on Chronic Hypophosphatemia
Authors: Aljuraibah Fahad , Bacchetta Justine , Brandi Maria Luisa , Florenzano Pablo , Javaid Muhammad K , Mäkitie Outimaija , Raimann Adalbert , Rodriguez Mariano , Siggelkow Heide , Tiosano Dov , Vervloet Marc , Wagner Carsten A
Published: December 2021

Because of their rarity, diseases characterized by chronic hypophosphatemia can be underrecognized and suboptimally managed, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. Moreover, serum phosphate may not be measured routinely in primary care practice. Authors participated in several working sessions to advance the understanding of phosphate homeostasis and the causes, consequences, and clinical implications of chronic hypophosphatemia. Phosphate levels are regulated from birth to adulthood. Dysregulation of phosphate homeostasis can result in hypophosphatemia, which becomes chronic if phosphate levels cannot be normalized. Chronic hypophosphatemia may be underrecognized as serum phosphate measurement is not always part of routine analysis in the primary care setting and results might be misinterpreted, for instance, due to age-specific differences not being accounted for and circadian variations. Clinical consequences of chronic hypophosphatemia involve disordered endocrine regulation, affect multiple organ systems, and vary depending on patient age and the underlying disorder. Signs and symptoms of chronic hypophosphatemic diseases that manifest during childhood or adolescence persist into adulthood if the disease is inadequately managed, resulting in an accumulation of clinical deficits and a progressive, debilitating impact on quality of life. Early identification and diagnosis of patients with chronic hypophosphatemia is crucial, and clinical management should be started as soon as possible to maximize the likelihood of improving health outcomes. Furthermore, in the absence of a universally accepted description for “chronic hypophosphatemia,” a definition is proposed here that aims to raise awareness of these diseases, facilitate diagnosis, and guide optimal phosphate management strategies by improving monitoring and assessment of patient response to treatment. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Benchmark study on deep neural network potentials for small organic molecules
Authors: Modee Rohit , Laghuvarapu Siddhartha , Priyakumar U. Deva
Published: December 2021

There has been tremendous advancement in machine learning (ML) applications in computational chemistry, particularly in neural network potentials (NNP). NNPs can approximate potential energy surface (PES) as a high dimensional function by learning from existing reference data, thereby circumventing the need to solve the electronic Schrödinger equation explicitly. As a result, ML accelerates chemical space exploration and property prediction compared to quantum mechanical methods. Novel ML methods have the potential to provide efficient means for predicting the properties of molecules. However, this potential has been limited by the lack of standard comparative evaluations. In this work, we compare four selected models, that is, ANI, PhysNet, SchNet, and BAND‐NN, developed to represent the PES of small organic molecules. We evaluate these models for their accuracy and transferability on two different test sets (i) Small organic molecules of up to eight‐heavy atoms on which ANI and SchNet achieve root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.55 and 0.60 kcal/mol, respectively. (ii) On random selection of molecules from the GDB‐11 database with 10‐heavy atoms, ANI achieves RMSE of 1.17 kcal/mol and SchNet achieves RMSE of 1.89 kcal/mol. We examine their ability to produce smooth meaningful surface by performing PES scans for bond stretch, angle bend, and dihedral rotations on relatively large molecules to assess their possible application in molecular dynamics simulations. We also evaluate their performance for yielding minimum energy structures via geometry optimization using various minimization algorithms. All these models were also able to accurately differentiate different isomers of the same empirical formula . ANI and PhysNet achieve an RMSE of 0.29 and 0.52 kcal/mol, respectively, on isomers.
Zona Pellucida sperm‐binding protein 3 receptor distribution during Gopc−/− globozoospermic spermatogenesis
Authors: Bizkarguenaga Maider , Gomez‐Santos Laura , Madrid Juan Francisco , Sáez Francisco José , Alonso Edurne
Published: December 2021

Globozoospermia is a type of teratozoospermia characterized by round morphology of the sperm head. Gopc−/− infertile globozoospermic murine model has failures during spermiogenesis, such as the incorrect biogenesis of the acrosome, disorganized acroplaxome and manchette, round nuclei and spiral flagella. In this study, Western blot, RT‐PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunogold were done for the localization of the acrosome protein Zona Pellucida sperm‐binding protein 3 receptor (ZP3R), also called sp56, in wild type and Gopc−/− mice testis. The ZP3R protein was located in the acrosome and pseudo‐acrosome vesicles of wild type and Gopc−/− mice, respectively. Also, it is distributed through the cytoplasm of the haploid spermatids only. The incorrect spermiogenesis of Gopc−/− mice causes a deregulation in the expression of ZP3R in the globozoospermic spermatids. Our results suggest that although the lack of GOPC causes a failure during the transport of the pre‐acrosomal vesicles, the acrosome protein ZP3R is localized in the acrosome and is distributed through the cytoplasm only during spermiogenesis. Furthermore, the failure in spermiogenesis does not impair the synthesis of ZP3R and its localization in the pre‐acrosomal vesicles.