bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Permethylated β‐Cyclodextrin Derivatives Appended with Chromophores as Efficient Fluorescent Sensors for the Molecular Recognition of Bile Salts.
Authors: Liu Yu , Shi Jun , Guo Dong‐Sheng
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of LewisX and Dimeric LewisX: Construction of Branched Oligosaccharides by a Combination of Preactivation and Reactivity Based Chemoselective One‐Pot Glycosylations.
Authors: Miermont Adeline , Zeng Youlin , Jing Yuqing , Ye Xin‐shan , Huang Xuefei
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Branched Man5 Oligosacchardies and an Unusual Stereochemical Observation.
Authors: Teumelsan Nardos , Huang Xuefei
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of the C(17)—C(28) Subunit of Didemnaketal B.
Authors: Li Xue‐Qiang , He Qin , Tu Yong‐Qiang , Zhang Fu‐Min , Zhang Shu‐Yu
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of the Complex Rocaglate (‐)‐Silvestrol.
Authors: Gerard Baudouin , Cencic Regina , Pelletier Jerry , Porco John A. Jr.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Episilvestrol (Ia) and (‐)‐Silvestrol (Ib).
Authors: El Sous Mariana , Khoo Mui Ling , Holloway Georgina , Owen David , Scammells Peter J. , Rizzacasa Mark A.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 3,3‐Diphenylpentane Skeleton as a Steroid Skeleton Substitute: Novel Inhibitors of Human 5α‐Reductase 1.
Authors: Hosoda Shinnosuke , Hashimoto Yuichi
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Tetrahydroquinoline‐Linked Thiazolidinedione Derivatives as PPARγ Selective Activators.
Authors: Kim HyeSung , Gim HyoJin , Yang Mihi , Ryu Jae‐Ha , Jeon Raok
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Reactions on Platinum Nanofacets: Bridging the Size and Complexity Gap
Authors: Suchorski Yuri , Drachsel Wolfgang
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Supported Oxide Nanostructures: Model Systems for Advanced Catalysis
Authors: Schoiswohl J. , Sock M. , Chen Q. , Thornton G. , Kresse G. , Ramsey M. G. , Surnev S. , Netzer F. P.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: ZnSe Based Colloidal Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Shape Control, Core/Shell, Alloy and Doped Systems
Authors: Reiss Peter
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: On Calcium Carbonates: From Fundamental Research to Application
Authors: Brecevic Ljerka , Kralj Damir
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation Mechanisms of Uniform Colloid Particles
Authors: Matijevic Egon , Goia Dan
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Czochralski Method — Where we are 90 Years after Jan Czochralski′s Invention
Authors: Mueller G.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Emerging Host—Guest Chemistry of Synthetic Nanotubes
Authors: Organo Voltaire G. , Rudkevich Dmitry M.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Carbon—Carbon Bond Formations in Ball Mills
Authors: Rodriguez Belen , Bruckmann Angelika , Rantanen Toni , Bolm Carsten
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Artificial Pyrrole‐Based Anion Receptors
Authors: Cho Won‐Seob , Sessler Jonathan L.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorescent Oligopyridines and Their Photofunctionality as Tunable Fluorophores
Authors: Mutai Toshiki , Araki Koji
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐bis(oxazoline)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of β‐Lactams: Enantioselective Reaction of Alkynes with Nitrones
Authors: Evans David A. , Kleinbeck Florian , Ruping Magnus
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Producing Arylaldehydes Safely with DMF Formylation
Authors: Jin Ningren
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Designing Ionophores and Molecular Nanotubes Based on Molecular Recognition
Authors: Singh N. Jiten , Lee Han Myoung , Hwang In‐Chul , Kim Kwang S.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Persistent Organic Cationic Complexes: Structure and Reactivity
Authors: Borodkin Gennady I. , Shubin Vyacheslav G.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis in Unconventional Media: Toward a Green Synthesis of Target Molecules
Authors: Vaccaro L.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Biocatalysis in the Development of Green Chemistry
Authors: Zhao Lishan , Ran Ningqing , Tao Junhua
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Future Angiogenesis Inhibitors
Authors: Zuendorf Ilse , Dingermann Theodor
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Immunotherapy Against Peritoneal Dissemination by Immunostimulatory CpG DNA
Authors: Kuramoto Yukari , Hashida Mitsuru
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: ICMRBS Founder′s Medal 2006: Biological Solid‐State NMR, Methods and Applications
Authors: Baldus Marc
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: DNA Diagnostics by Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Kleparnik Karel , Bocek Petr
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Integrated Computational Strategies for UV/vis Spectra of Large Molecules in Solution
Authors: Barone Vincenzo , Polimeno Antonino
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Perioculomotor cell groups in monkey and man defined by their histochemical and functional properties: Reappraisal of the Edinger‐Westphal nucleus
Authors: Horn Anja K. , Eberhorn Andreas , Härtig Wolfgang , Ardeleanu Patricia , Messoudi Ahmed , Büttner‐Ennever Jean A.
Published: January 2008

The perioculomotor region contains several functional cell groups, including parasympathetic preganglionic neurons of the ciliary ganglion, motoneurons of multiply innervated muscle fibers (MIF) of extraocular muscles, and urocortin‐positive neurons. In this study, midbrain sections of monkey and human were treated with antibodies against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), cytochrome oxidase (CytOx), nonphosphorylated neurofilaments (NP‐NF), chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG), and urocortin (UCN) to identify them by their histochemical properties. To facilitate the comparison between species, a new nomenclature was introduced (see also May et al., 2007), which designates these perioculomotor cell populations (pIII) in terms of their function and histochemical properties. The name Edinger‐Westphal nucleus (EW) is kept for the cytoarchitecturally defined cell group traditionally considered as the location of preganglionic neurons of the ciliary ganglion. In monkey, the EW contains ChAT‐positive presumed preganglionic neurons, and is therefore termed EWPG, but in contrast human EW consists of noncholinergic UCN‐positive neurons, and is therefore termed EWU. In human, the presumed preganglionic neurons were found dorsal to EWU, as an inconspicuous group of ChAT‐ and CytOx‐positive neurons. They were interspersed with prominent CSPG‐positive cells, a pattern also present in monkey. For the first time, the MIF motoneurons could be identified around the medial aspect of the human oculomotor nucleus as a group of ChAT‐positive neurons that lack CSPG‐positive perineuronal nets. Moreover, the Perlia nucleus was found to share the histochemical properties of oculomotor twitch motoneurons. The present results form the basis for addressing the appropriate functional cell groups in correlative clinicopathological studies. J. Comp. Neurol. 507:1317–1335, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Attitudes towards anorexia nervosa: The impact of framing on blame and stigma
Authors: Crisafulli Michele A. , Von Holle Ann , Bulik Cynthia M.
Published: January 2008

Objective:

We examined experimentally the way in which exposure to a sociocultural versus a biological/genetic explanation of the etiology of anorexia nervosa (AN) differentially affected attitudes towards AN.

Method:

Undergraduate nursing students were randomly assigned to read information emphasizing either biological/genetic or sociocultural factors in the development of AN. They then completed a series of questionnaires assessing their attitudes towards individuals with AN. Nonparametric tests were used to evaluate attitudinal differences between groups.

Results:

Those who were exposed to a biological/genetic explanation of the causes of AN tended to blame individuals with AN less than those exposed to a sociocultural explanation, although all results were not robust to correction for multiple comparisons.

Conclusion:

If these results are replicated in larger, population‐based samples, wider dissemination of information regarding the biological and genetic underpinnings of AN should be considered as a possible pathway in decreasing the blame‐based stigma associated with AN. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008.
Regional development of Prague, and application of the four‐capital model to the issue of urban sprawl
Authors: Blažek Jiří , Csank Pavel , Macešková Marie , Sýkorová Ivana , Žížalová Pavla
Published: January 2008

This paper is part of the Special Issue of European Environment devoted to the outputs of the EU SRDTOOLS project, which has developed and applied a new model of regional sustainable development evaluation. The paper demonstrates how the SRDTOOLS methodology has been practically applied for the case of Prague, and the constraints to application of the methodology that have arisen during its usage in real conditions. A significant part of the paper is devoted to exploring the regional strategic programming documents and the regional developmental objective review in terms of the four‐capital model. Subsequently, the process of urban sprawl has been selected to test deeply the methodology of trade‐offs, critical trends and thresholds. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Valuing stock options when prices are subject to a lower boundary
Authors: Veestraeten Dirk
Published: January 2008

This study examines the implications for stock option pricing when the domain of the stock price is constrained by a lower boundary. The valuation strategy starts from the familiar geometric Brownian motion framework of Black & Scholes (1973). However, an instantaneously reflecting lower boundary will be superimposed such that a reflected geometric Brownian motion arises. The particular nature of reflection in this approach precludes arbitrage opportunities such that risk‐neutral option valuation techniques can straightforwardly be applied. It will be shown that ignoring lower boundaries can lead to a substantial undervaluation of option prices. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:231–247, 2008
Nitric oxide reduces astrocytic lactate production and induces neuronal vulnerability in stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Yamagata Kazuo , Tagami Motoki , Yamori Yukio
Published: January 2008

Nitric oxide (NO) leads to neuronal death in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), including stroke. Here, we examined the NO‐induced vulnerability of neurons and lactate production by astrocytes in stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) in vitro. Neuronal cell death induced by the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was significantly increased in SHRSP compared with Wistar kyoto rats (WKY). Furthermore, levels of lactate production by astrocytes were significantly reduced in SHRSP compared with WKY. At the same time, expressions of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) genes were significantly decreased by SNP in SHRSP compared with WKY. Moreover, in astrocytes isolated from SHRSP, the gene expression of isoforms of 6‐phosphofracto‐2‐kinase (PFK2), a master regulator of glycolysis, namely PFK2.1, PFK2.2, PFK2.3, and PFK2.4, had deteriorated significantly. Notably, the SNP‐evoked gene expression of PFK2.4 was lower in astrocytes of SHRSP than those of WKY. These results indicated that the neurons and astrocytes of SHRSP differed in responsiveness to SNP from those of WKY. This difference might explain the deficiency of energy and vulnerability to SNP of the neurons of SHRSP. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An analytical method of stage–fall–discharge rating
Authors: Wu Reuy‐Bean , Yang Jinn‐Chuang
Published: January 2008

This paper presents an analytical method for establishing a stage–fall–discharge rating using hydraulic performance graphs (HPG). The rating curves derived from the HPG are used as the basis to establish the functional relation of stage, fall and discharge through regression analysis following the USGS procedure. In doing so, the conventional trial‐and‐error process can be avoided and the associated uncertainties involved may be reduced. For illustration, the proposed analytical method is applied to establish stage–fall–discharge relations for the Keelung River in northern Taiwan to examine its accuracy and applicability in an actual river. Based on the data extracted from the HPG for the Keelung River, one can establish a stage–fall–discharge relation that is more accurate than the one obtained by the conventionally used relation. Furthermore, the discharges obtained from the proposed rating method are verified through backwater analysis for measured high water level events. The results indicate that the analytical stage–fall–discharge rating method is capable of circumventing the shortcomings of those based on single‐station data and, consequently, enhancing the reliability of flood estimation and forecasting. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Artificial neural networks as an alternative approach to groundwater numerical modelling and environmental design
Authors: Nikolos Ioannis K. , Stergiadi Maria , Papadopoulou Maria P. , Karatzas George P.
Published: January 2008

Classical optimization methodologies based on mathematical theories have been developed for the solution of various constrained environmental design problems. Numerical models have been widely used to represent an environmental system accurately. The use of methodologies such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), which approximate the complicated behaviour and response of physical systems, allows the optimization of a large number of case scenarios with different set of constraints within a short period of time, whereas the corresponding simulation time using a numerical model would be prohibitive. In this paper, a combination of an ANN with a differential evolution algorithm is proposed to replace the classical finite‐element numerical model in water resources management problems. The objective of the optimization problem is to determine the optimal operational strategy for the productive pumping wells located in the northern part of Rhodes Island in Greece, to cover the water demand and maintain the water table at certain levels. The conclusions of this study show that the use of ANN as an approximation model could (a) significantly reduce the computational burden associated with the accurate simulation of complex physical systems and (b) provide solutions very close to the optimal ones for various constrained environmental design problems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytical solutions of the advection‐dispersion equation for transient groundwater flow. A numerical validation
Authors: Carlier Erick
Published: January 2008

An analytical transport‐model was developed to simulate the propagation of a contaminant in one‐ and two‐dimensional transient flow in groundwater. It is proved that the distribution of concentration at a given time and for a given discharge is identical to that obtained for a different discharge if the volumetric flux of water is the same in the two cases. The results of simulations have been compared with results obtained using the MT3DMS numerical model. There is good agreement when the calculated concentrations are flux‐weighted concentrations. On the other hand, there is a notable divergence when the resident mode is considered. Resident mode concentrations express the mass per unit volume whereas flux mode concentrations express the ratio of mass flux to fluid flux. The solutions presented in this paper can thus be a useful alternative to code MT3DMS when the objective is to simulate concentrations in transient flow according to a resident mode. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isotopic variation of snow cover and streamflow in response to changes in canopy structure in a snow‐dominated mountain catchment
Authors: Koeniger Paul , Hubbart Jason A. , Link Timothy , Marshall John D.
Published: January 2008

Isotopic composition of snow cover and streamflow was determined in a snow‐dominated, forested watershed to quantify the spatial variability and processes that alter stable isotope (oxygen‐18,18O and deuterium,2H) composition under different forest canopy conditions (clear‐cut, partial‐cut (thinned), and unimpacted forest). Snow sampling was carried out on 4 days in late winter and early spring 2006. Meteorological data, precipitation, and streamflow were continuously monitored during the study. Isotope analyses of precipitation samples were conducted weekly through the 2005–2006 snow season. Values of δ18O varied between − 22·0 and − 9·5‰ , and δ2H varied between − 170 and − 76‰ . Isotope concentrations from snowpack samples varied between − 17·5 and − 13·8‰ for δ18O, and between − 129 and − 102‰ for δ2H. These ranges reflect differences in precipitation, accumulation, sublimation, and melting of the snow cover. Streamflow samples were collected during the snowmelt season from two locations every alternate day from the beginning of April until the end of May. Streamflow and snow from a partial‐cut and an uncut forest were enriched in the heavy isotopes (18O and2H) relative to streamflow and snow from a clear‐cut forest. Based on the low water contents of the snowpack under dense canopies, we infer that the isotope enrichment resulted primarily from sublimation of snow intercepted by the canopy, with more enrichment in denser canopies. There was no significant correlation between snowpack isotope concentration and altitude. Results indicate that variations in canopy structure can alter snow isotope composition. This finding will provide a useful index of snowpack sublimation, and thus, improved parameterization of distributed hydrological models. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, degradability, and cell affinity of poly (DL‐lactide‐co‐RS‐hydroxyethyl‐β‐malolactonate)
Authors: Wang Liang , Jia Xiaohua , Chen Yongsheng , Che Yongzhe , Yuan Zhi
Published: January 2008

Poly(DL‐lactide‐co‐RS‐hydroxyethyl‐β‐malolactonate) (PLMAH), a novel functionalized polylactide with hydroxyl arms, was synthesized by a two‐step reaction. DL‐lactide (DLLA) and RS‐benzyloxyethyl‐β‐malolactonate were first copolymerized by ring‐opening polymerization with Sn(Oct)2 as catalyst to generate poly(DL‐lactide‐co‐RS‐benzyloxyethyl‐β‐malolactonate) (PLMAB); next the benzyl protective groups of PLMAB were removed by the hydrogenation reaction catalyzed by Pd/C to generate the final polymer PLMAH. The composition and structure of PLMAB and PLMAH were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR. In vitro degradation experiments of PLMAH copolymers showed that the more RS‐hydroxyethyl‐β‐malolactonate (MAHE) content in the copolymer film, the faster the degradation occurred. The results of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECV‐304) cultivated on PDLLA and PLMAH films suggested that among all the films, the PLMAH film containing 9.4 mol % MAHE had the highest cell attachment efficiency. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Bone growth enhancement in vivo on press‐fit titanium alloy implants with acid etched microtexture
Authors: Daugaard Henrik , Elmengaard Brian , Bechtold Joan E. , Soballe Kjeld
Published: January 2008

Early bone ongrowth secures long‐term fixation of primary implants inserted without cement. Implant surfaces roughened with a texture on the micrometer scale are known to be osseoconductive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone formation at the surface of acid etched implants modified on the micro‐scale. We compared implants with a nonparticulate texture made by chemical milling (hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid) (control) with implants that had a dual acid etched (hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid) microtexture surface superimposed on the primary chemically milled texture. We used an experimental joint replacement model with cylindrical titanium implants (Ti‐6Al‐4V) inserted paired and press‐fit in cancellous tibia metaphyseal bone of eight canines for 4 weeks and evaluated by histomorphometric quantification. A significant twofold median increase was seen for bone ongrowth on the acid etched surface [median, 36.1% (interquartile range, 24.3–44.6%)] compared to the control [18.4% (15.6–20.4%)]. The percentage of fibrous tissue at the implant surface and adjacent bone was significantly less for dual acid textured implants compared with control implants. These results show that secondary roughening of titanium alloy implant surface by dual acid etching increases bone formation at the implant bone interface. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Uptake of calcium phosphate nanoshells by osteoblasts and their effect on growth and differentiation
Authors: Schmidt Stephanie M. , Moran Kathleen A. , Tweed Kent Ailis M. , Slosar Jenalle L. , Webber Matthew J. , McCready Mark J. , Deering Cassandra , Veranth John M. , Ostafin Agnes
Published: January 2008

The influence of calcium phosphate nanoshell materials on the uptake, viability, and mineralization of human fetal osteoblast cultures was evaluated. Proliferation rates and alkaline phosphatase activity of the cultures were unaffected by the addition of nanoshells to the growth media, but mineralization levels were enhanced by nearly 40%, in contrast to media prepared without nanoshells, or with other calcium phosphate nanomaterials. Nanoshells were internalized by macropinocytosis, and migrated toward the cell nucleus at a rate of 0.34 μm hr−1. Dye‐loaded nanoshells maintained high light emission intensity for over five days while inside the cells, where they could be used as intracellular markers for in vitro microscopic imaging. From these results, it appears that the CaP nanoshells could be developed into a safe sensor and delivery vehicle for osteoblast cell culture studies, whereas the carrier itself has intrinsic bioactivity and may itself upregulate the formation of new bone. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Innovative silicate‐based cements for endodontics: A study of osteoblast‐like cell response
Authors: Gandolfi M. G. , Pagani S. , Perut F. , Ciapetti G. , Baldini N. , Mongiorgi R. , Prati C.
Published: January 2008

Silicate‐based filling materials were designed to obtain new endodontic sealers and root‐end filling materials with adequate workability and consistency. Four different formulations (TC, TC 1%, TCf 1%, and TCf) were prepared incorporating calcium chloride as accelerant agent. A plasticizing compound (phyllosilicate) was added to TC 1% and TCf 1%. TC and TC 1% were prepared with water, whereas TCf and TCf 1% were mixed with a latex polymer as fluidizing agent. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro biological compatibility of designed materials. White‐MTA and AH Plus were tested as reference materials. Human osteoblast‐like Saos‐2 cells were challenged in short‐term cultures (72 h) with solid materials and with material extracts in culture medium, and cell viability and number, cellular adhesion, and morphology were assessed. The new cements exerted no acute toxicity in the assay systems. Saos‐2 like cells adhered and proliferated on solid samples of the experimental cements and MTA whilst AH Plus did not allowed cell growth. The extracts from the latex‐containing cements showed some toxicity. By SEM analysis, osteoblast‐like cells appeared adherent and spread on the new materials, and showed the maintenance of polygonal osteoblastic phenotype. Similar morphology was observed for cells on MTA, whereas only few cells were noted on the AH Plus surface. In conclusion, the new materials proved non toxic and supported the growth of bone‐like cells, and resulted suitable to be used as endodontic sealers and root‐end filling materials. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Micelles based on amphiphilic PCL‐PEO triblock and star‐shaped diblock copolymers: Potential in drug delivery applications
Authors: Quaglia Fabiana , Ostacolo Luisanna , Nese Giuseppe , Canciello Mariarosaria , De Rosa Giuseppe , Ungaro Francesca , Palumbo Rosario , La Rotonda Maria Immacolata , Maglio Giovanni
Published: January 2008

In this work, the potential in drug nanodelivery of micelles made from poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) and poly (ethyleneoxide) (PEO) copolymers with triblock and star‐diblock architectures was explored. Linear and 4‐arm star‐shaped PCL macromers with two or four OH end groups were prepared by ring‐opening polymerization of CL and condensed with α‐methoxy‐ω‐carboxy‐PEO. The resulting amphiphilic copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR, size exclusion chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry. Separate PCL and PEO crystalline phases were observed for both copolymers. Copolymers self‐assembled in water giving critical association concentrations in the range 0.010–0.023 mg/mL. Micelles with a size of 32–45 nm were prepared by dialysis and characterized for hydrodynamic diameter and surface charge. Their potential as nanocarriers in drug delivery applications was evaluated too. Micelles were nontoxic to both Red blood cells and HeLa cells. Complement activation experiments indicated that micelles can escape the reticuloendothelial system once intravenously injected. Finally, a different uptake on HeLa cells was found for micelles obtained from triblock and star‐shaped copolymers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Osteogenic activity of the mixture of chitosan and particulate dentin
Authors: Park Sun‐Sik , Kim Su‐Gwan , Lim Sung‐Chul , Ong Joo L.
Published: January 2008

To evaluate the healing effect of a mixture of chitosan and particulate dentin, a 8‐mm‐diameter critical size defect was created in the calvarium of 75 rats. The rats were divided into four experimental groups and a control group (no treatment). The defects in the experimental groups were grafted either with pig particulate dentin (group 1), a mixture of particulate dentin and plaster of Paris (group 2), particulate dentin and chitosan (group 3), or chitosan only (group 4). Rats in each group were sacrificed 2, 4, and 8 weeks after implantation. All experimental groups showed more new bone formation when compared to the control group. Additionally, all groups exhibited more bone growth at 8 weeks than at 4 weeks after implantation. It was concluded from this study that defects treated with particulate dentin powder–chitosan mixture may mediate an excellent effect on the formation of new bones. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Treatment of an avoidant patient with comorbid psychopathology: a plan analysis perspective
Authors: Caspar Franz , Ecker Sabine
Published: January 2008

Plan Analysis provides case conceptualization for psychotherapy patients in general and for personality disorders in particular. Plan Analysis emphasizes the instrumental aspect of behavior and emotions by asking what motives or goals do a patient's functioning serve. The authors briefly describe Plan Analysis and then illustrate it with the psychotherapy of Nicole, a young patient with avoidant personality disorder, personality disorder not otherwise specified, and major depression. The case illustrates a flexible procedure, dealing with different topics in parallel, and using techniques from a variety of treatment approaches in a heuristic way. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 64: 1–15, 2008.
Comorbid antisocial and borderline personality disorders: mentalization‐based treatment
Authors: Bateman Anthony , Fonagy Peter
Published: January 2008

Mentalization is the process by which we implicitly and explicitly interpret the actions of ourselves and others as meaningful based on intentional mental states (e.g., desires, needs, feelings, beliefs, and reasons). This process is disrupted in individuals with comorbid antisocial (ASPD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD), who tend to misinterpret others' motives. Antisocial characteristics stabilize mentalizing by rigidifying relationships within prementalistic ways of functioning. However, loss of flexibility makes the person vulnerable to sudden collapse when the schematic representation is challenged. This exposes feelings of humiliation, which can only be avoided by violence and control of the other person. The common path to violence is via a momentary inhibition of the capacity for mentalization. In this article, the authors outline their current understanding of mentalizing and its relation to antisocial characteristics and violence. This is illustrated by a clinical account of mentalization‐based treatment adapted for antisocial personality disorder. Treatment combines group and individual therapy. The focus is on helping patients maintain mentalizing about their own mental states when their personal integrity is challenged. A patient with ASPD does not have mental pain associated with another's state of mind; thus, to generate conflict in ASPD by thinking about the victim will typically be ineffective in inducing behavior change. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 64: 1–14, 2008.
FGFR4 and its novel splice form in myogenic cells: Interplay of glycosylation and tyrosine phosphorylation
Authors: Kwiatkowski Boguslaw A. , Kirillova Irina , Richard Robert E. , Israeli David , Yablonka‐Reuveni Zipora
Published: January 2008

The family of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) is encoded by four distinct genes. FGFR1 and FGFR4 are both expressed during myogenesis, but whereas the function of FGFR1 in myoblast proliferation has been documented, the role of FGFR4 remains unknown. Here, we report on a new splice form of FGFR4 cloned from primary cultures of mouse satellite cells. This form, named FGFR4(‐16), lacks the entire exon 16, resulting in a deletion within the FGFR kinase domain. Expression of FGFR4(‐16) coincided with that of wild‐type FGFR4 in all FGFR4‐expressing tissues examined. Moreover, expression of both FGFR4 forms correlated with the onset of myogenic differentiation, as determined in mouse C2C12 cells and in the inducible myogenic system of 10T½‐MyoD‐ER cell line. Both endogenous and overexpressed forms of FGFR4 exhibited N‐glycosylation. In contrast to FGFR1, induced homodimerization of FGFR4 proteins did not result in receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. Surprisingly, coexpression of FGFR4 forms and a chimeric FGFR1 protein resulted in FGFR4 tyrosine phosphorylation, raising the possibility that FGFR4 phosphorylation might be enabled by a heterologous tyrosine kinase activity. Collectively, the present study reveals novel characteristics of mouse FGFR4 gene products and delineates their expression pattern during myogenesis. Our findings suggest that FGFR4 functions in a distinctly different manner than the prototype FGFR during myogenic differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 215: 803–817, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of deuterated 5‐n‐alkylresorcinols
Authors: Parikka Kirsti , Wähälä Kristiina
Published: January 2008

Four alternative strategies for the preparation of deuterium poly‐labelled 5‐n‐alkylresorcinols are explored. Ring‐labelled 2H3‐alkylresorcinols synthesized by acidic H/D exchange are stable under electrospray ionization MS conditions but scrambling occurs in electron bombardment ionization MS. Side chain‐labelled 2H4‐derivatives prepared by two different total synthesis approaches are contaminated by isotopologues with varying number of deuterium labels due to H/D redistribution and exchange during D2 gas deuterogenation. The derivative carrying an ω‐2H3 label is isotopically pure and completely stable under all relevant analytical conditions encountered in quantitation work. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of light on health‐promoting phytochemicals of broccoli sprouts
Authors: Pérez‐Balibrea Santiago , Moreno Diego A , García‐Viguera Cristina
Published: January 2008

BACKGROUND: Broccoli (Brassicaceae) is a rich source of phytochemicals (glucosinolates and phenolic compounds) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). Germinated broccoli sprouts contain much higher levels (10–100 times) of aliphatic (glucoraphanin) and indolic glucosinolates than the inflorescences. This quality characteristic of broccoli sprouts plays an important role in human health and disease prevention. Although it is known that genetic and environmental factors can affect the composition of broccoli inflorescences, the influence of such factors on the seeds and sprouts has not been widely reported. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the effect of light versus dark growth conditions on the phytochemical composition (vitamin C, phenolic compounds and glucosinolates) of broccoli sprouts.

RESULTS: Broccoli sprouts grown in the light were found to have much higher concentrations of vitamin C (by 83%), glucosinolates (by 33%) and phenolic compounds (by 61%) than those grown in the dark. During a 7 day period there was a clear and analogous trend in both treatments, with a general reduction in concentrations over time. Among the different organs studied (seeds, cotyledons, stems and roots), the cotyledons contained the highest levels of bioactive compounds, while the roots contained the lowest.

CONCLUSION: Light treatment of sprouting broccoli seeds increased their concentration of health‐promoting phytochemicals, mainly during the first 3–5 days of development. Therefore the younger broccoli sprouts are a better source of bioactive compounds for the consumer than the inflorescences. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
The role of productive efficiency on entry and post‐entry performance under different strategic orientation: the case of the Greek plastics and rubber industry
Authors: Tsekouras Kostas , Skuras Dimitris , Daskalopoulou Irene
Published: January 2008

The present study formulates and empirically tests the hypothesis that the post‐entry performance and growth of new firms is affected by the way in which crucial resources are combined during the decision‐making process to enter the industry or not. Further, the study empirically tests the hypothesis that multifaceted productive efficiency influences both the entry decision and the entrants' post‐entry performance. The proposed analytical framework allows for testing these hypotheses under different strategic orientations assumed to be followed by entrants. Results of the estimated partial observability model provide support to these hypotheses in almost all of the examined cases. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matching rules
Authors: Fon Vincy , Parisi Francesco
Published: January 2008

Institutions often utilize matching rules to achieve cooperative outcomes. However, the equilibrium induced by a matching rule may not be socially optimal. After presenting the case in which matching rules yield privately and socially optimal levels of cooperation, this article identifies the conditions which generate inefficient cooperation. Matching rules undershoot (i.e. parties cooperate less than is socially optimal) in one group of cases. In a second, more puzzling case, matching rules overshoot (i.e. parties that interact under a matching constraint are induced to cooperate more than is socially optimal). This paper identifies the conditions for such occurrences. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exposure assessment of fetus and newborn to brominated flame retardants in France: preliminary data
Authors: Antignac Jean‐Philippe , Cariou Ronan , Maume Daniel , Marchand Philippe , Monteau Fabrice , Zalko Daniel , Berrebi Alain , Cravedi Jean‐Pierre , Andre François , Le Bizec Bruno
Published: January 2008

Brominated flame retardants (BFR) are chemicals extensively used in many manufactured products to reduce the risk of fire, but also environmental pollutants. In order to assess the potential risk linked to these compounds in human, a French monitoring study was initiated to evaluate the exposure of fetus and newborn. A previously described multi‐residue analytical method was used, for measuring the main classes of BFR (hexabromocyclododecane, tetrabromobisphenol‐A, and tri‐ to deca‐polybromodiphenylethers) in various biological matrices. These analyzed samples (maternal and umbilical serum, adipose tissue and breast milk) were collected on volunteer women during caesarean deliveries. Preliminary results obtained on 26 individuals (mother/newborn pairs) mainly demonstrated the presence of polybromodiphenylethers (PBDE) and tetrabromobisphenol A both in maternal and fetal matrices, and a possible risk of overexposure of newborns through breastfeeding. Contaminations levels were found globally in the ng/g lipid weight range, consistent with other published European data. Exposure results regarding highly brominated PBDE congeners (octa‐ to deca‐BDE) appeared particularly informative and non‐commonly reported, these compounds accounting for around 50% of the total PBDE load. Additional data collection and metabolism investigations are now on‐going. A more complete statistical analysis related to this BFR exposition study will be provided in a next future.