bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OSMANLI ERKEN MODERN DÖNEMİNDE EGEMENLİĞİN SÜREKLİLİĞİ SORUNU VE DEVLET TÜZEL KİŞİLİĞİNİN GELİŞİMİ (1453-1617)
Authors: KIVRAK Ensar
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmanın konusu, Osmanlı Erken Modern Çağında egemenliğin sürekliliği sorunu ve bununla bağlantılı olarak devlet tüzel kişiliğinin gelişimidir. Çalışma, egemenlikte sürekliliğinin sağlanması ile devlet tüzel kişiliğinin gelişimi arasında bir ilişki olduğu ve bu sürekliliğin, devlet tüzel kişiliğinin gelişimine zemin hazırladığı hipotezine dayanmaktadır. Çalışmada öncelikle Osmanlı’da egemenliğin kimde olduğu tartışılmıştır. Buna göre önceleri hanedanda tecessüm eden egemenliğin Erken Modern Çağda padişahın şahsında toplandığı ortaya konmuştur. Ardından, devlet tüzel kişiliğinin gelişim seyrini gösterebilmek için Osmanlıların kendine verdikleri isimler tahlil edilmiştir. Böylece devlet tüzel kişiliğinin ortaya çıkışına dair ipuçları gösterilmiştir. Bu süreçte yaşanan tarihsel gelişmelere değinilerek devlet tüzel kişiliğinin ortaya çıkışında ve gelişiminde etkili olan temel faktörler ele alınmıştır. Son olarak egemenliğin sürekliliği sorunu bir padişah öldüğünde yerine geçecek olanın kim olacağı ve nerede tahta cülus edeceği örneği etrafında tartışılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda, Osmanlı Erken Modern Çağında önce hanedandan bağımsız ve mutlak saltanat anlayışının ve daha sonra sultandan bağımsız ve müstakil bir devlet anlayışının geliştiği ve dolayısıyla süreklilik sorununu belli ölçüde aşıldığı, kıymeti kendinden menkul bir devlet tüzel kişiliğinin oluşmaya başladığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
BAŞARILI YÖNETİCİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİNE İLİŞKİN ALGILANAN CİNSİYET KALIPYARGILARININ ANALİZİ: KÜLTÜRLERARASI BİR KARŞILAŞTIRMA
Authors: ALİ AHMED Fathia , ÇINAR ALTINTAŞ Füsun
Published: December 2021

İlgili yazındaki ilk dönem araştırmalarda, başarılı yöneticilik özellikleri ile ilişkili özelliklerin kadınlardan daha çok erkeklere atfedildiği görülmektedir. Başarılı yönetici özellikleri genelde erkeğe-özgü olarak ele alınmakta ve yönetici ise erkektir şeklinde kavramsallaştırılmaktadır. Ancak, yönetsel pozisyonlarda yer alan kadın sayısının artmasıyla birlikte yönetsel özelliklerin yalnızca erkeğe özgü olmadığı anlaşılmış ve cinsiyet rolleri ile yöneticilik özelliklerini araştıran çalışmalar hız kazanmıştır. Mevcut çalışmada başarılı yöneticilik özelliklerine ilişkin unsurların belirlenmesi ve yöneticilik özellikleri açısından kültürlerarası bağlamda cinsiyete dayalı farklılaşmanın var olup olmadığını tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda araştırmada Schein (1973)’ın Betimleyici İndeksinin kullanılmıştır.. Elde edilen sonuçlar neticesinde kadın ve erkek katılımcılar açısından başarılı yönetici algısının kadına özgü özellikler ile örtüştüğü tespit edilmiştir.
ABD’NİN KUZEY KORE POLİTİKASI ÇERÇEVESİNDE NÜKLEERSİZ BİR KUZEY KORE MÜMKÜN MÜ?
Authors: ÇOKGÜÇLÜ Yasemin
Published: December 2021

ABD yıllardır Kuzey Kore politikasını, Kuzey Kore’nin nükleer faaliyetlerinin uluslararası hegemonyasına meydan okumasına bağlı olarak şekillendirmiştir. ABD’nin Kuzey Kore politikasının öngördüğü farklı stratejilere rağmen Kuzey Kore’nin nükleer faaliyetlerinin durdurulması girişimleri yetersiz kalmıştır. Bu çalışmada, ABD’nin güvenlik politikası yaklaşımı doğrultusunda, 1990’lı ve 2000’li yıllarda geliştirdiği stratejilerden, Çerçeve Anlaşması ve Altı Taraflı Müzakere görüşmeleri gibi çoklu mutabakat süreçlerinden yararlanarak, ABD’nin nükleersiz bir Kuzey Kore oluşturma yaklaşımları açıklanmaktadır. Çalışma, ABD’nin Kuzey Kore politikasının Kuzey Kore’yi nükleersizleştirmede başarısız olduğunu iddia etmektedir. Kuzey Kore’nin, ABD girişim ve yaptırımlarına rağmen nükleer faaliyetlerine devam ederek nükleer silah sahibi bir güç olması, nükleer gücünden vazgeçmeyeceğinin en önemli göstergesidir. Bununla beraber, dönemsel olarak Kuzey Kore’nin bazı tavizlerde bulunduğu gözlemlense bile, ABD politikasının nükleersiz bir Kuzey Kore’yi mümkün kılamamasının sebebinin, hem Kuzey Kore’nin nükleer silah edinmesindeki temel sebeplerde hem de ABD’nin Kuzey Kore’ye yönelik verimsiz değerlendirmeleri sonucu geliştirilen yetersiz politikalarda yattığı görülmektedir.
A new approach to the treatment of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Pukhlik Sergey M. , Diedykova Iryna V. , Bohdanov Viktor K.
Published: December 2021

The growth of allergic morbidity, as well as certain limitations in traditional therapy, sets the task of finding new means and methods of treating this pathology. Antihistamines and leukotriene receptor blockers traditionally belong to drugs that affect the symptoms of inflammation and control the course of diseases of allergic genesis. Substances of natural origin, whose effectiveness and safety have been proven for centuries, have similar properties.
The article analyzes the data of the available scientific literature concerning the experience of using macromycetes of the genus Ganoderma in clinical practice. Our clinical study showed that the inclusion of the drug "Astmagan", based on Ganoderma lucidum, in the complex therapy of seasonal and year-round allergic rhinitis, increased the effectiveness of treatment. The authors consider that this will allow a more differentiated approach to the choice of the optimal scheme of complex therapy for allergic rhinitis.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERSEPSI SISWA TERHADAP BIMBINGAN KONSELING DENGAN INTENSITAS PEMANFATAN LAYANAN KONSELING INDIVIDUAL DI KELAS VIII SMPN 9 PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: Akbar Muhammad Hariadi , Sangalang Merson U. , Pan Pangestie Esty
Published: December 2021

Persepsi merupakan proses subjektif pengolahan bagaimana manusia dapat menilai suatu objek. Banyak hal yang mempengaruhi persepsi, antara lain stimulus yang ada, faktor lingkungan, pengamatan serta pengalaman. Perilaku muncul berdasarkan persepsi yang dimiliki oleh masing-masing individu. Fenomena yang terjadi di SMPN 9 Palangka Raya yaitu siswa enggan berkonsultasi secara suka rela dengan guru BK yang artinya siswa hanya datang ke guru BK jika dipanggil karena telah melakukan pelanggaran.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran hubungan antara persepsi siswa dengan layanan bimbingan konseling di Kelas VIII SMPN 9 Palangka Raya.Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa SMPN 9 Palangka Raya yang terdiri dari 3 (tiga) kelas VIII-A VIII-B VIII-C yang berjumlah 72 siswa. Sedangkan sampel penelitian dengan menggunakan total sampling yaitu menarik semua populasi sebagai sampel.Teknik Pengumpulan data pada penelitian menggunakanangket dan wawancara. Selanjutnya hasil dari data angket dianalisis dengan teknik perhitunganproduk moment diperoleh nilai r hitung yaitu sebesar 0,841. Selanjutnya nilai r hitung tersebut dikonsultasikan dengan r tabel produk moment dengan N = 72 dan taraf kebenaran 1 %, yaitu, 0,368. Didapat hasil  yaitu, 4,841 > 0,368. Kesimpulan dari analisis di atas, yaitu ada hubungan yang siginifikan antara persepsi siswa terhadap layanan BK yang ada di SMPN 9 Palangka Raya.
Bimbingan Kelompok dengan Teknik Sinema Edukasi Untuk Meningkatkan Kesadaran Multikultural Siswa Kelas XI Di SMA Isen Mulang Palangka Raya
Authors: Iryani Ira , Suriatie Mimi
Published: December 2021

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Evaluating Electronic Learning Reality in Fencing Class in Physical Education and Sport Sciences from Students Point of View
Authors: Abdul Khalik Sajad Abdul Wahid
Published: December 2021

The study aimed at designing a questionnaire for evaluating e-learning reality in fencing class as well as identifying the evaluation of e-learning from the students’ point of view. The researcher used the descriptive method on (170) students who attend electronic fencing classes from the third-year college of physical education and sport sciences students. The subjects were divided into three groups and the researcher designed a questionnaire using google drive after applying it in a pilot study on (5) students. The data was collected and treated using SPSS to conclude that e classes support academic knowledge in fencing class from the students’ point of view but it decreases the students’ active participation in class. Fencing class requires continuous correction from the teacher a matter that negatively affected learning as well as the fencing class requires a teaching program that suits the equipment used in the practical lesson a matter that cannot be provided outside of sport halls. The researcher recommended developing a fencing classes with suitable electronic programs for fencing to increase the students’ role. He finally recommended providing material appropriate to electronic learning that can be used during emergencies such as Covid -19.
Academic Achievement Using Blended Teaching (face to face – Online) and its relationship with Serving in Tennis Players Aged 15 Years Old
Authors: Salman Alaa Khudair , Jabbar Hasnaa Staar
Published: December 2021

The research aimed at identifying the relationship between academic achievement using blended learning (online and face to face) and performing serving in players from Babel national center for gifted in volleyball aged U15. The researchers used the descriptive method on (7) players for the season 2020 – 2021. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude a significant correlation relationship between academic achievement results and serving performance accuracy. Finally, the researcher recommended the necessity of using blended teaching because it saves time in repeating instruction. Blended learning is also important for all age groups and in addition to that, the researcher recommended making similar researches in other sports.
The Relation of Cognitive Style (Divergent - Convergent Thinking) on Some Compound Fundamental Skills in First Class Soccer Clubs
Authors: Hassan Mustafa Hussein , Hussein Israa Jameel
Published: December 2021

The researcher aimed at constructing cognitive style (divergent - convergent) for first-class soccer clubs as well as identifying the relationship between these cognitive styles and some fundamental compound soccer skills. The problem of the research lies in the lack of scale for measuring cognitive style (divergent – convergent) for soccer players as well as the absence of previous studies that tackled this style of thinking directly and its relationship with fundamental soccer skills. The researchers used the descriptive method on (150) soccer players from all clubs distributed as follows; (12) pilot study subjects, (78) construction subjects, and (60) application subjects. The questionnaire included (30) items. The data was collected and treated to conclude that there is a significant correlation between convergent thinking and compound fundamental skills.
Learning Motivation According to Cognitive Style (meditation–impulsiveness) and its relationship with performing some Skills in Artistic Skills in Gymnastics for Men
Authors: Sayhood Humam Abass , Dawood Suzan Saleem
Published: December 2021

The research aimed at identifying the relationship between learning motivation according to cognitive style (meditation – impulsiveness) on skill performance in artistic gymnastics for men.  The subjects were (240) second-year college of physical education and sport sciences college students for the academic year (2020 - 2021). Twenty students were selected for the pilot study, (90) students were divided into two groups (50) meditation and (40) impulsiveness a questionnaire was applied followed by artistic performance tests on three apparatuses; floor, vault, and rings. The results showed a significant correlation between learning motivation and learning artistic skills in men’s gymnastics for the impulsiveness group. In addition to that, the results showed a significant correlation between learning motivation and learning artistic skills in men’s gymnastics for the meditation group as well as no sign was found on the rings.
Growth and Productivity of Non-Indigenous Woody Species in the Middle Urals
Authors:   Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Semkina Lidia A.
Published: December 2021

Climate warming has been recorded over the last decades. The air temperature in Yekaterinburg has been rising since the 1930s. Temperatures dropped sharply in 1940–1949, then rose sharply and fell again, especially in 1967–1968, when many large introduced species considered to be adapted died: Phellodendron amurense Rupr. and Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Lindl.) Britt. Due to the cyclical nature of weather conditions, it was necessary to assess the features of adaptation and state of the introduced plants in recent years. Snowless autumn and winter, temperatures above zero in early spring are unfavourable for many species, especially or conifers. Thus, in 2014 much snow fell on October 16 and melted in 2 weeks, temperatures below zero did not afford plants to prepare for the winter; in March 2015 the temperature rose up to +10 °C while the ground temperature was below zero for a long time. As a result of physiological dryness 100 % of specimens of variegated forms of northern white cedar Thuja occidentalis L. `Ellwangeriana Aurea`, `Ericoides` died. In other forms the leafage died to the snow cover level and recovered after abundant rains: `Aurea spicata`, `Gold Pearl`, `Golden Globe`, `Lutescens`, `Semperaurea` and `Wareana Lutescens`. Due to a steady increase in the sum of positive temperatures and reaching a certain age, many conifer species entered the fruiting stage and gave self-seeding: Pinus peuce Grieseb, Pinus strobus L., Picea canadensis (Mill.) Britt. et al., Picea pungens Engelm., Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Lindl.) Britt., and Abies sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Mast. In the warmest year of 2016, the latter gave an abundant yield – red-brown cones with protruding seed scales; a strong wind dropped them all. They remained under the snow for the winter and did not crumble (probably, the fruits were unripe), so Abies sachalinensis was mistaken for Keteleeria fortunei (A. Murray bis) Carrière), which has cones that do not crumble. Unusual flowering was observed in Crataegus oxyacantha L. `Rosea Plena`, Mespilus germanica L., Syringa reflexa C.K.Schneid, Hamamelis virginiana L. With the rise in average annual temperatures, the number of years with abnormal weather conditions increased and the condition of some plants deteriorated. For citation: Semkina L.A., Tishkina E.A. Growth and Productivity of Non-Indigenous Woody Species in the Middle Urals. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 6, pp. 100–109. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-100-109
Modeling the Interaction of Forest Machines with Soil when Working on Slopes
Authors:   Military Academy of Communications named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.M. Budyonny, Rudov Sergey E. , Shapiro Vladimir Ya. ,   Sаint-Petersburg State Forest Technical University named after S.M. Kirov, Grigoreva Olga I. , Grigorev Igor V. ,   Arctic State Agrotechnological University, Kunitskaya Olga A.
Published: December 2021

The urgency of the task of effective development of cutting areas on the slopes of mountains, hills, and hilly-ridge reliefs is primarily due to the depletion of available, special, lowland operational forests in Siberia and the Far East, which were once, not quite correctly, called forest-surplus regions of the Russian Federation. The operational woodlands that are convenient for development in Siberia and the Far East are largely depleted. To develop new ones, large-scale road construction is necessary, which requires significant financial expenses and reduces the already low profitability of logging production. It is also declining due to the ever-increasing volume of export of harvested timber, even if the cost of construction and maintenance of a new network of logging roads is not considered. Forest ecosystems located on slopes are among the most vulnerable. When working on the slopes with traditional systems of logging machines, it becomes necessary to cut a serpentine of skid trails, which later become concentrators of water and wind erosion. Currently, leading manufacturers of machinery and equipment for the forest industry, such as Ponsse, John Deer, Komatsu, and others, have developed technical solutions that significantly facilitate the operation of forest machine systems. Such solutions, first of all, include winches integrated into the transmissions of machines. Another solution is to use separate self-propelled winches remotely controlled by the operator of a forest machine, for example, T-winch. In this case, the machine does not receive additional weight from the winch integrated into it; however, the negative impact of forest machines on soils does not disappear, but has its own significant specifics. The article shows that when performing logging operations on slopes, primarily steep ones with slope angles exceeding 20–25°, it is necessary to make adjustments to the assessment of the destruction nature of the soil array and the patterns of the track depth formation under the influence of the skidding system. For citation: Rudov S.E., Shapiro V.Ya., Grigorev I.V., Kunitskaya O.A., Grigoreva O.I. Modeling the Interaction of Forest Machines with Soil when Working on Slopes. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 6, pp. 121–134. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-121-134
Highly Productive Pine Forests in a Changing Climate
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Forest Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Kuznetsova Nina F. , Klushevskaya Elena S. , Amineva Elena Yu.
Published: December 2021

Forest steppe of the Central Chernozem Region (CCR) of Russia belongs to the zone of highly productive pine forests. In 2015, for the first time a partial destabilization of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was recorded within the territory of the CCR. It affected the population, organism and cellular levels of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The destabilization was caused by the 8-year heatwave of 2007–2014 followed by a sharp drop in the water table and four severe droughts (2007, 2010, 2012, and 2014). The analysis was carried out on two sites of pine forest plantations growing in the environmentally sound region: the Stupino test site (Voronezh region, typical plantation for the CCR) and the Usman site (Lipetsk region, lands with elevated groundwater level). The results of morphological, cytogenetic and biochemical studies of model trees of the Stupino test site during the following periods are presented: 4 optimal years in terms of weather conditions, 2014 drought year and 2015 destabilization year. It was found that prolonged hydrothermal stress resulted in the transition of pine from the basic equilibrium state to a slightly nonequilibrium state. The trigger mechanism for changing their vital state was a severe autumn soil drought in 2014, after which the plants became weakened right before winter. A decrease in cone bioproductivity by the traits of seed fullness and the total number of seeds per cone, a change in population sampling structure, an increase in the number of mitosis pathologies, and an increase in proline content in needles were observed despite optimal weather conditions in 2015. The recovery of species was studied for three subsequent optimal years on the example of the Stupino and Usman populations. Experimental data indicate that the processes of vital state normalization involve profound changes in metabolism and require certain energy expenditures. It took the Stupino population longer to return to the regional norm, which indicates a different depth of destabilization of the tree genetic material of the studied populations. For citation: Kuznetsova N.F., Klushevskaya E.S, Amineva E.Yu. Highly Productive Pine Forests in a Changing Climate. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 6, pp. 9–23. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-9-23
Palladothallite, Pd3Tl, a new mineral from the Monchetundra layered intrusion, Kola Peninsula, Russia
Authors: Grokhovskaya Tatiana L. , Vymazalová Anna , Laufek František , Stanley Chris J. , Borisovskiy Sergey Ye.
Published: December 2021

Palladothallite, Pd3Tl, is a new mineral discovered in the Monchetundra layered intrusion, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Palladothallite occurs in orthopyroxenite with disseminated Ni-Cu-Fe sulfides and in near-surface oxidized ore of an orthopyroxenite unit. In the holotype specimen, the new mineral forms anhedral grains about 1 to 20 μm in size intergrown with bortnikovite (Pt4Cu3Zn). Palladothallite and bortnikovite form a rim around tulameenite (Pt2FeCu), Pt-Pd-Fe-Cu alloys, and Pt-Pd-Fe-Cu “oxides” in a goethite matrix. In plane-polarized light, palladothallite is white, anisotropy was not observed; it exhibits no internal reflections. Reflectance values of palladothallite in air (R' in %) are: 53.9 at 470 nm, 57.1 at 546 nm, 59.4 at 589 nm and 61.7 at 650 nm. Twelve electron probe microanalyses of palladothallite gave an average composition (in wt.%): Pd 59.99, Cu 1.19, Fe 0.35, Ag 1.1, Tl 35.64, Se 0.34, and S 0.09, total 99.67, corresponding to the empirical formula (Pd2.894Cu0.096Fe0.032Ag0.053)∑3.075(Tl0.895Se0.023S0.008)∑0.926 based on four atoms, with the ideal formula Pd3Tl. The density, calculated on the basis of the empirical formula, is 13.04 g/cm3. Palladothallite crystallizes with the same structure as synthetic Pd3Tl, which was solved by Kurtzemann & Kohlmann (2010) from powder neutron diffraction data. Palladothallite is tetragonal, space group I4/mmm, with a 4.10659(9), c 15.3028(4) Å, V 258.07(1) Å3, and Z = 4. Palladothallite crystallizes in the ZrAl3 structure type. The name corresponds to its chemical composition, palladium and thallium.
Glycosylated Coumarins, Flavonoids, Lignans and Phenylpropanoids from Wikstroemia nutans and Their Biological Activities
Authors: Wu Meifang , Su Xiangdong , Wu Yichuang , Luo Yuanjing , Guo Ying , Xue Yongbo
Published: December 2021

Wikstroemia nutans Champ. ex Benth., a traditional herbal medicine collected at the Lingnan region of China, was chemically investigated. A new bis-coumarin glucoside, wikstronutin (1), along with three known bis- and tri-coumarin glucosides (2–4), two flavonoid glycosides (5–6), and eleven lignan glucosides (7–17) were isolated from the stems and roots of W. nutans. The new structure including its absolute configuration was elucidated based on a combination of 1D- and 2D-NMR, UV, IR, HRESIMS spectroscopic data, as well as chemical transformation. Compounds (1–17) were first isolated from the plant species W. nutans, while compounds 1–3, 8, and 11 was reported from the genus Wikstroemia for the first time. All co-isolates were evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The antibacterial activity of the selected compounds was also tested. Our work enriches the structure diversity of the secondary metabolites from the genus Wikstroemia.
Cross-subsidization in the Electric Power Industry: Current State and Problem-solving Vectors
Authors:   Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Russian Federation, Vasilyev Dmitry A.
Published: December 2021

As scientific community as businessmen discuss the problem of cross-subsidization in the electric power industry. This problem has long remained relevant. The main topic of economic discussions is fairness and validity of the rules for the tariff formation in the electric power industry. The different tariffs allow reducing the financial burden of some consumers and shifting it to others. The aim of the issue is to develop the main vectors of solving problems and government regulation measures. They are expected to level the negative economic effects of cross-subsidization. The purpose of the study is revealed through solving the following problems: a) to determine the socio-economic nature of cross-subsidization and regulatory problems at the current stage of development; b) to study the experience of foreign countries in cross-subsidization policies; review public policy mechanisms related to cross-subsidization. The subject of the issue is economic relations between different economic participants and their interests arising in the process of cross-subsidization policy. The results of the issue are the development of the main directions of the transformation of the state regulation of the energy complex in terms of reducing the negative effects of cross-subsidies. The scope of application of the obtained results is determined by the possibilities of developing and implementing a balanced state policy that takes into account the interests of all participants in economic processes, eliminating the creation of social tension in society that supports the growth of the well-being of the population. The following general scientific and special methods were chosen as scientific tools for conducting this study: content analysis method, system analysis method, retrospective analysis method, statistical survey methods. The information base of the study was the analytical development of the materials of the Federal Antimonopoly Service, the Federal State Statistics Service, regulatory acts of the Russian Federation governing the development of the electric power complex. The basis of the presented study was the basic definitions of cross-subsidies, methods of reducing the negative consequences of cross-subsidies, principles and approaches of state regulation of the electric power complex.
The Price Discrimination on the Shortage Markets: Theoretical Analysis
Authors:   Siberian Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, Knyazeva Irina V. , Zaikin Nikolay N. ,   Siberian Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, Bondarenko Irina V. ,   Siberian Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA
Published: December 2021

Antitrust law includes a number of evaluation norms in system of commodity market analysis and proofs of anti-competitive behavior, which provide for using wide range of economics and marketing methods. The widest field of discussing embedded in definition “price discrimination”. Specific research interest presents the making recommendations of regulation of shortage markets with unfounded differences in prices. This question we propose to consider in two articles: in first article we make theoretical analysis of price discrimination in situation of shortage markets, in second article (will be published in no. 4) we analyze marketing aspects and system of sales stimulation, which the seller accomplish on the shortage markets. In the focus of this research is price discrimination as a market mechanism and shortage markets as a market anomaly. The shortage markets in contrast of shortage on the market occurs not for reason that price is below the equilibrium level. The main reason of genesis of shortage markets is speculative demand on the markets and/or difficulties in producing goods and services. These difficulties often set by outside shocks. Price discrimination undergoing of effect of long-run shortage on markets transforming in phenomenon, which damages of consumer wealth and entrepreneurs benefits. In addition, this type of price discrimination decrease the social welfare too. The risks of price discrimination in the case of shortage markets needed new decisions and methods of regulation by state. However now we do not see some consensus in the issue of principles and instruments of state regulation of shortage markets. In the article we try to approbate some scientific results. These results are the hybrid definition of price discrimination; the legislative definitions of price discrimination as a acts which limiting competition; the criteria of functioning of shortage markets; proofs of transforming markets through the impact of long-run shortage; the difference between the case of shortage markets and the case of shortage on the markets in the classical demand-supply model; costs of price discrimination on the shortage markets; perspective antitrust regulation of price discrimination on the shortage markets.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the FAS of the Russian Federation Based on the Indicator of Consumer Surplus
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics” (HSE), Zvonareva Anastasia P.
Published: December 2021

The article distinguishes between the immediate and final results of the competition policy. The importance of taking into account the final results for the state and society is justified. It is argued that they can be quantified by calculating consumer benefits from eliminating and preventing violations of antitrust laws. The calculation method used in The Competition and Market Authority (CMA, UK) is given. In addition to calculating direct gains (losses), it also calculates indirect ones arising from the reaction of firms-outsiders to the investigation. The criteria for the effectiveness of competition policy in the UK and in Russia are described, and their comparison is carried out. The article reproduces the foreign experience of calculating consumer surplus on the example of the FAS’ investigation of the cartel. The resulting surplus is compared with the average consumer surplus calculated based on the amount of fines collected and the number of cases initiated. The structure of the FAS law enforcement in the context of saved surpluses is recognized as suboptimal. Next, a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of competition policy measures is carried out using the “difference-in-differences” method: the contribution of the FAS to the change in the prices of firms-violators is investigated. Based on the obtained estimates and data on the volume of sales of goods, consumer surpluses are calculated from the investigation of two types of violations – the conclusion of anticompetitive agreements and abuse of a dominant position, as well as from the prevention of violations by issuing warnings. Extrapolation of the surpluses to the entire set of cases for the year, and comparison of the total surpluses for the year with the FAS budget showed that the level of effectiveness of the competition policy in Russia is not inferior to the one in the UK.
DINAMIKA FAKTOR INTRAPERSONAL PADA KOMUNIKASI KONFLIK DALAM KELUARGA AKIBAT GAGAL GINJAL KRONIS
Authors: Fajar Dewanto Putra , Illahi Azizun Kurnia , Saputra Muhammad Irawan
Published: December 2021

Konflik dan komunikasi merupakan kondisi sosial yang secara umum tidak bisa dihindari dan selalu melekat dalam proses komunikasi. Hal itu menjadikan konflik dan komunikasi sebagai proses dinamis dalam interkasi sosial manusia. Menariknya konflik muncul dari berbagai macam penyebab, khusunya yang berasal dari banyak faktor intrapersonal. Penyakit gagal ginjal kronis berpotensi besar menjadi penyebab konflik dalam keluarga, khususnya pada keluarga dengan tingkat resiliensi rendah terhadap konflik. Keadaan demikian memberikan pengaruh besar pada dinamika perubahan faktor intrapersonal, seperti faktor emosional, psikologis, biologis, hingga interaksi sosial keluarga tersebut dengan lingkungan sosialnya. Penelitian ini berusaha menggambarkan aspek konflik dan komunikasi dalam keluarga sebagai akibat penyakit gagal ginjal kronis, dan dinamika faktor intrapersonal berdasarkan perspektif communibiology. Selain itu, penelitian ini melihat dinamika faktor intrapersonal melalui kajian communibiology sebagai upaya mendapatkan solusi dari konflik dalam keluarga yang disebabkan oleh penyakit gagal ginjal kronis. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metodologis studi kasus untuk mendapatkan gambaran utuh dari konflik dan komunikasi yang terjadi dalam keluarga yang menjadi subyek penelitian. Pada akhirnya penelitian ini berhasil menerapkan kajian communibiology untuk mendapatkan solusi dari konflik dalam keluarga akibat penyakit gagal ginjal kronis, sehingga meminimalisasi konflik.
Kata Kunci: Komunikasi keluarga, Konflik, Dinamika Intrapersonal, Communibiology
CROWDFUNDING DALAM PANDANGAN NEGARA KESEJAHTERAAN: DAMPAK REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0 DAN COVID-19 TERHADAP PROGRAM PERLINDUNGAN SOSIAL
Authors: Muhammaditya Nur , Puteri Bunga Pertiwi Tontowi , Rifandini Rahmalia
Published: December 2021

Kajian ini bertujuan menawarkan solusi pandangan negara kesejahteraan terhadap crowdfunding sebagai sebuah platform big data PMKS mengoptimalkan program perlindungan sosial. Revolusi Industri 4.0 dan pandemi Covid-19 secara sistemik, membawa perubahan program perlindungan sosial dalam bentuk big data terintegrasi dari pemerintah pusat sampai daerah dan mempercepat arus perubahan. Sementara beban Kemensos dalam program perlindungan sosial begantung pada struktur APBN yang mempunyai keterbatasan anggaran. Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) sebagai alat intervensi pemerintah menjembatani program perlindungan sosial yang terkoneksi dengan data kesehatan, pendidikan, dan layanan sosial perlu beradaptasi dengan perubahan. Dengan menggunakan soft system dynamic methodology (SSDM), pendekatan negara kesejahteraan melalui konsep crowdfunding, dapat memperluas cakupan penerima layanan perlindungan sosial serta mempertajam ketepatan sasaran penerima yang dikelola terintegrasi dengan big data. Peneliti melakukan analisis customers, actors, transformation process, worldview, owners, dan environmental constraints CATWOE dan menggunakan aplikasi Vensim. Hasil pengolahan data berupa diagram kausalitas (CLD) sistem berpikir menggambarkan kondisi sebenarnya terhadap perbandingan kausalitas sistem berpikir seharusnya.
Kata Kunci: Perubahan Sosial Ekonomi, Pembangunan, Jalur Lintas Selatan
THE STRATEGY OF NETFLIX TO DOMINATE THE ENTERTAINMENT MEDIA MARKET IN INDONESIA 2016-2021
Authors: Fergus Putri Atiqa Rana , Paksi Arie Kusuma
Published: December 2021

Multinational corporations (MNCs) are non-state actors who have a significant role in international relations. Globalization has facilitated the development of MNCs as well as the transformation of media. It impacts the presence of multinational entertainment media companies operating with the SVOD (Subscription video-on-demand) system like Netflix. Netflix chooses Indonesia as one of its potential markets. However, Netflix has to face new competitors and resolve several obstacles and regulations from other companies and governments in Indonesia. This research aims to find out and analyze the strategy of Netflix is dominating the Entertainment Media market in Indonesia with the concept of MNC, international strategy, and competitive advantages. This research used a qualitative approach with descriptive methods where the data collection came from secondary data such as books, academic literature, and news portals. In data analysis, the researcher reviewing and draw an explanation regarding the phenomenon. The strategies and efforts made by Netflix can make Netflix become the number one choice for the SVOD platform in the Indonesian market based on the supremacy that Netflix has, especially in providing original content. By developing its strategy, Netflix can continue to internationalize its product services in the Indonesian market.
Keywords: Netflix, Strategy, Subscription Video on Demand (SVOD), Indonesia, Multinational Corporations (MNC)
PENYALAHGUNAAN HAK DAN WEWENANG ORGANISASI MASYARAKAT DI KELURAHAN KEDAUNG, TANGERANG SELATAN, BANTEN
Authors: Priyono Dwi Putranto , Nilamsari Wati
Published: December 2021

Organisasi Masyarakat pada awalnya terbentuk guna menampung aspirasi dari setiap masyarakat di setiap daerah di Indonesia. Organisasi Masyarakat atau biasa disebut Ormas, merupakan salah satu wadah utama dalam proses kemerdekaan. Organisasi Masyarakat adalah kumpulan dari individu yang membentuk suatu kelompok yang diakuisisi oleh negara, baik formal mauoun informal. Namun di satu sisi, seiring dengan perkembangannya, fungsi Ormas sebagai wadah pergerakan bagi masyarakat beralih fungsi menjadi bentuk gerakan yang condong negatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui beberapa permasalahan sosial yang diakibatkan oleh adanya penyalahgunaan hak wewenag Ormas di kelurahan Kedaung. Adapun latar belakang permasalahan yang sudah dirumuskan kedalam beberapa pertanyaan, antara lain apa yang melatar belakangi terjadinya bentrokan antar Organisasi Masyarakat bisa terjadi, Apa kebijakan yang sudah ditetapkan pemerintah untuk menyikapi permasalahan ini serta apa pengaruh bagi warga yang tidak terlibat dengan konflik antar Ormas. Pengamatan ini merujuk pada analisis paradigma mobilisasi sumber untuk menjawab rumusan masalah terkait konflik antar Ormas yang terjadi di kelurahan Kedaung bisa terjadi sehingga perebutan sumber daya berupa lahan bisa menyebabkan permasalahan sosial yang mengganggu warga sekitar Kedaung. Penelitian pada jurnal ini menerapkan metode kualitatif berupa wawancara, observasi dan beberapa studi literatur. Penelitian ini menilai bahwa Ormas yang ada di kelurahan kedaung saling memperebutkan sumber daya yang berupa lahan. Lahan yang disebut adalah lahan parkir yang ada di beberapa minimarket dimana mereka melakukan pungli kepada pengunjung minimarket.
Kadınların İçselleştirilmiş Kilo Önyargılarının Karşılaştırılması: Evli- Bekar Örneği
Authors: EJDER TEKGÜNDÜZ Sibel , SAYAR Sultan , EJDER APAY Serap
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Fazla kilo/obezite günümüzde öne çıkan çok yaygın fizyolojik, psikolojik ve sosyal yönleri olan bir sağlık sorunudur. Fazla kilolu ve obez bireylerin psikolojik problemler yaşadıkları, kendilerine karşı ön yargılı oldukları görülebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kadınların kilo önyargılarını medeni durum üzerinden irdelemektir.

Yöntem: Bu amaç doğrultusunda sosyal medya grupları (Whatsapp, Facebook, Instagram) üzerinden 383 kadına ulaşılarak gönüllü katılımları ile uygulama gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma verileri tanıtıcı bilgi formu ve İçselleştirilmiş Kilo Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır.

Bulgular: Bekar kadınların %52.6’sı 37 yaş ve üzerinde, %39.5’i ilkokul mezunu, %84.2’sinin çalışmadığı, %61.8’nin il merkezinde yaşadığı ve %50’nin obez olduğu bulunmuştur. Evli kadınların %53.3’ü 37 yaş ve üzerinde, %38.5’i ilkokul mezunu, %81.8’inin çalışmadığı, %68.9’unun il merkezinde yaşadığı ve %52’sinin obez olduğu bulunmuştur. Evli ve bekar kadınların kilo ön yargılarının karşılaştırılmasında grupların puan ortalamaları arasında anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır (t= 1.273, p=0.20) . Evli kadınlarda yaş (p=0.005), bekârlarda eğitim (p=0.0001) ve yaşanılan yerin (p=0.0001) İçselleştirilmiş Kilo Ölçeği puan ortalamasında etkili olduğu görülmüştür.

Sonuç: Araştırma sonucuna göre kadınların medeni durumları içselleştirilmiş kilo önyargılarını etkilemediği saptanmıştır. Çalışmanın daha geniş gruplarda tekrar edilmesi önerilmektedir.
COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT IN PROMOTING KNOWLEDGE AND CREATIVITY IN FOSTERING INNOVATIONS IN THE CREATIVE ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Atkočiūnienė Zenona Ona , Siudikienė Daiva
Published: December 2021

The topic of innovation is extremely important because it relates to the ability of organizations, urban regions and even states to remain competitive in today’s rapidly changing world. The problem for modern organizations is how to increase the scale and efficiency of innovation in modern organizations. One of the most striking modern trends that helps to generate innovation is the involvement of the organization’s stakeholders in the processes of value co-creation, encouraging their processes of collective cooperation, knowledge sharing and creative expression. Changing value creation processes are becoming a critical factor in creating innovation. Value creation has always been an essential foundation of any organization’s activities, but the targeted involvement of stakeholders in value creation is a relatively new phenomenon. The article presents a study, the aim of which is to investigate how and in what forms creative organizations – publishing houses – use the adaptability of their managed communication channels to encourage stakeholder involvement in value co-creation processes in innovation. Stakeholder involvement in the development of new ideas and projects, networking, collaboration, knowledge sharing, various non-formal learning opportunities, creation of discussion and feedback platforms as important drivers of stakeholder engagement are particularly important in fostering value-added processes in innovation.
CALIBRATION OF SMARTPHONE’S REAR DUAL CAMERA SYSTEM
Authors: Aldelgawy Mohammed , Abu-Qasmieh Isam
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to calibrate smartphone’s rear dual camera system which is composed of two lenses, namely; wide-angle lens and telephoto lens. The proposed approach handles large sized images. Calibration was done by capturing 13 photos for a chessboard pattern from different exposure positions. First, photos were captured in dual camera mode. Then, for both wide-angle and telephoto lenses, image coordinates for node points of the chessboard were extracted. Afterwards, intrinsic, extrinsic, and lens distortion parameters for each lens were calculated. In order to enhance the accuracy of the calibration model, a constrained least-squares solution was applied. The applied constraint was that the relative extrinsic parameters of both wide-angle and telephoto lenses were set as constant regardless of the exposure position. Moreover, photos were rectified in order to eliminate the effect of lens distortion. For results evaluation, two oriented photos were chosen to perform a stereo-pair intersection. Then, the node points of the chessboard pattern were used as check points.
Effect of Hydrogen Gas Pressure on Calcium–Aluminum-rich Inclusion Formation in the Protosolar Disk: a Laboratory Simulation of Open-system Melt Crystallization
Authors: Kamibayashi Michiru , Tachibana Shogo , Yamamoto Daiki , Kawasaki Noriyuki , Yurimoto Hisayoshi
Published: December 2021

Calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) are the oldest materials that formed in the protosolar disk. Igneous CAIs experienced melting and subsequent crystallization in the disk during which the evaporation of relatively volatile elements such as Mg and Si occurred. Evaporation from the melt would have played a significant role in the variation of chemical, mineralogical, and petrologic characteristics of the igneous CAIs. In this study, we investigated crystallization of CAI analog melt under disk-like low-pressure hydrogen (P
H2) conditions of 0.1, 1, and 10 Pa to constrain the pressure condition of the early solar system in which type B CAIs were formed. At P
H2 = 10 Pa, the samples were mantled by melilite crystals, as observed for type B1 CAIs. However, the samples heated at P
H2 = 0.1 Pa exhibited random distribution of melilite, as in type B2 CAIs. At the intermediate P
H2 of 1 Pa, type-B1-like structure formed when the cooling rate was 5°C hr−1, whereas the formation of type-B2-like structure required a cooling rate faster than 20°C hr−1. The compositional characteristics of melilite in type B1 and B2 CAIs could also be reproduced by experiments. The results of the present study suggest that P
H2 required for type-B1-like textural and chemical characteristics is greater than 1 Pa. The hydrogen pressure estimated in this study would impose an important constraint on the physical condition of the protosolar disk where type B CAIs were formed.
Peer review: economy, identity, diversity
Authors: Clark Jocalyn , Jagsi Reshma
Published: December 2021

To meet the needs of their wide-ranging audiences, journals and editors must publish science that reflects the diversity of the communities they serve. And yet we collectively neglect the importance of optimizing the diversity of peer reviewers. This viewpoint explores the vital economy and identity of peer reviewers, and how these can help improve diversity in peer review. Economy, because this form of labour props up a publishing system, doling out the main form of currency within academia, and identity, because what peer reviewers contribute extends beyond their disciplinary expertise to their sense of self and what they represent: the backgrounds, values, and views they bring to the work of reviewing scientific papers.
Braun-Blanquet meets EcoVeg: a formation and division level classification of European phytosociological units
Authors: Willner Wolfgang , Faber-Langendoen Don
Published: December 2021

Aims: To link the Braun-Blanquet units of the EuroVegChecklist (EVC) with the upper levels of the International Vegetation Classification (IVC), and to propose a division level classification for Europe. Study area: Europe. Methods: We established a tabular linkage between EVC classes and IVC formations and identified mismatches between these two levels. We then proposed IVC division level units to organize EVC classes. Results: We organized the EVC classes into 21 formations and 30 divisions. We flagged classes that did not fit comfortably within an existing formation, either because its content corresponded to more than one formation or because it did not fit any formation description. In a few cases, we split EVC classes because they seemed too heterogenous to be assigned to a single formation. Conclusions: The IVC approach adds a set of physiognomic and ecological criteria that effectively organizes the EVC classes, which are already being increasingly informed by physiognomy. Therefore, the formation concepts are relatively natural extensions of concepts already embedded in the classes. However, physiognomic placement of Braun-Blanquet classes can be difficult when the sampling of the vegetation is at finer grain than usual in the respective formation (tall-scrub, annual pioneer communities). Some EVC classes seem too heterogenous to fit into the IVC formation system. Delimitation of these classes has often been a matter of debate for many decades, and the IVC perspective might help to solve these intricate issues. In other cases, mismatches between phytosociological classes and IVC formations might better be solved by emending the current formation concepts.

Abbreviations: BB = Braun-Blanquet; EVC = EuroVegChecklist; IVC = International Vegetation Classification.
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG DSM 33156 effects on pathogen defence in the upper respiratory tract: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled paediatric trial
Authors: Damholt A. , Keller M.K. , Baranowski K. , Brown B. , Wichmann A. , Melsaether C. , Eskesen D. , Westphal V. , Arltoft D. , Habicht A. , Gao Q. , Crawford G.
Published: December 2021

Acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are caused by numerous viruses and bacteria. URTIs can be a cause of morbidity and are among the most common reasons for visiting healthcare practitioners and prescribing antibiotics to children in addition to causing absenteeism from school and work. Oral intake of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG DSM 33156 has shown beneficial health effects in several clinical trials, primarily relating to immune function and gastrointestinal health in children and adults. It has also been suggested that oral intake of L. rhamnosus GG DSM 33156 can reduce the incidence rate and alleviate symptoms of URTIs in children. We here report the results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 619 children aged 2-6 years conducted at a single centre in Scotland. The children, who were in day care or primary school, were followed over a 16-week intervention period with 309 randomised in the active group and 310 in the placebo group. The parents or guardians reported a daily healthcare status and any presumed episodes of URTI, which were subsequently confirmed by a general practitioner. The investigational product was well tolerated in the trial. Although a general trend towards a beneficial effect was observed, this trial did not demonstrate that L. rhamnosus GG DSM 33156 significantly reduced the incidence of URTIs, diagnosed by a general practitioner according to prespecified criteria (primary endpoint). Moreover, none of the secondary efficacy endpoints were met. Applying a Ward’s hierarchical clustering, two separate clusters, focussing on four quality of life-related endpoints, were identified. Cluster 1 was associated with more severe URTI characteristics than cluster 2. Cluster 2 was significantly enriched with children who consumed the product, indicating that the symptoms children experience during an URTI are alleviated by the intake of L. rhamnosus GG DSM 33156. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03636191.