bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of technology for obtaining lycopene-containing dry powder from tomato pomace
Authors: Kurasova L. A. , Sarsenova A. Zh.
Published: July 2023

The development of an effective technology for obtaining lycopene-containing dry powder from pomace of zoned tomato varieties, for the purpose of enriching food products, has novelty and significance for the country, since lycopene is not produced in Kazakhstan. This technology has the potential to have a beneficial effect on people's health, labor productivity and the development of the state's economy. As a result of the study, the quantitative yield of tomato powder from tomato pomace was determined, drying modes were compiled, including temperature and drying time. The obtained samples of lycopene-containing tomato powder were analyzed for nutritional value, including proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, micro- and macroelements. At the same time, special attention was paid to the content of lycopene, a strong antioxidant present in tomatoes. The aim of the study was to develop a technology for obtaining lycopene-containing dry powder from the pomace of zoned tomato varieties for food purposes with a natural health effect and to study its qualitative indicators. During the work, the yield of dry lycopenecontaining tomato powder from tomato pomace was determined in the samples, which was at the level of: 6.0-6.1 ± 1.0%. The drying modes (drying temperature, drying time) of tomato pomace have been worked out. In the resulting tomato powder, nutritional values were determined: proteins – 15.83 g / 100g, fats – 9.3 g / 100g, carbohydrates – 51.89 g /100g. The study showed that tomato powder contains a significant amount of lycopene, along with other important vitamins and trace elements such as vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B2 and beta-carotene. It is also noted that toxic substances in tomato powder do not exceed the permissible norm, which confirms its ecological purity. Based on the results obtained, an optimal technology for obtaining lycopene-containing dry powder from tomato pomace, suitable for enriching food products with a natural health effect, has been developed.
The use of flax seeds in the bread recipe
Authors: Baiysbayeva М. P. , Izembaeva A. K. , Moldakulova Z. N. , Zhumanazar D. B. , Tynym B. K.
Published: July 2023

The article was devoted to research on the creation of a bread recipe using flaxseed products. In order to increase the nutritional and biological value of dietary bread from rye flour, flax seeds are used, which belong to natural raw materials. Flax seeds are a source of the main functional food ingredients and biologically active substances that have a beneficial effect on the human body. Therefore, the influence of flax seed products on the quality of dough and finished products for obtaining loaves with high nutritional value was investigated. To increase the nutritional and biological value of the loaves, a whole-grain mixture of flax seeds was added in a dosage of 5-20% and 0.3-0.5% dietary fiber from rice husks and a starter culture with the addition of an infusion of flax seeds instead of pressed yeast. As a result of the conducted studies, the optimal option was chosen for the production of dietary snacks with the addition of 10% whole-grain mixture of flaxseed and 0.5% dietary fiber. The content of nutrients in the resulting product has increased, increasing the nutritional and biological value of the loaves. The developed products had high nutritional value and good quality, which allows them to be used in dietary nutrition.
Investigando a formação das professoras de modalidades aéreas de circo na região metropolitana de Campinas-SP
Authors: Cruz Falcade Raissa , Camargo Corrêa Milena , Coelho Bortoleto Marco Antonio
Published: July 2023

A prática do circo como opção educativa, de condicionamento físico, recreativa ou artística, mostra uma notável expansão no contexto nacional nas últimas duas décadas. De modo particular, temos observado o aumento da prática das modalidades aéreas em escolas, academias e outros espaços públicos e privados. Com base nessa constatação, o objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a formação de professoras(es) de modalidades aéreas de circo na Região Metropolitana de Campinas (SP). Para isso, realizamos um levantamento de estabelecimentos que ofereciam aulas regulares, em seguida aplicamos um questionário semiestruturado (online) a 36 professoras responsáveis. Os resultados indicam que o primeiro contato com as modalidades aéreas se deu majoritariamente na universidade e em escolas de circo. O “tecido acrobático” é a modalidade mais oferecida, e a prática recreativa representa o campo de atuação mais comum, com relevante demanda da atividade como forma de condicionamento físico ou promoção da saúde. Verificamos uma formação diversificada, que inclui formação artística e o diploma de ensino superior para a maioria das participantes.
External Load Monitoring in Female Basketball:
A Systematic Review
Authors: Espasa-Labradoor Javier , Calleja-González Julio , Montalvo Alicia M. , Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe Azahara
Published: July 2023

The primary aim of this systematic review was to summarize the current state of research in relation to external load monitoring in female basketball. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA-P® statement. Publications included in the review: 1) were original research, 2) evaluated healthy female basketball players, and 3) monitored basketball practice and competition. The STROBE scale was used to assess quality. A total of 40 publications were included. The external load was assessed during practice (n = 9), competition (n = 11) or both events (n = 8). Also, time-motion analysis was implemented in practice (n = 2), competition (n = 9), or both events (n = 1). Accelerometry (n = 28) and time-motion (n = 12) analysis were the most frequently used methods. However, a wide range in methods and variables were used to quantify the external load. Placement of devices on the upper back and measuring with a sampling frequency of 100 Hz were most common. Player Load (PL) values increased with the competitive level of players and were higher in competition compared to training. Small-sided games can be used to gradually increase loads in female basketball (PL 5v5: 34.8 ± 8, PL 3v3: 47.6 ± 7.4, TD 5v5: 209.2 ± 35.8 m, and TD 3v3: 249.3 ± 2.8 m). Tasks without defense seemed to be less demanding. More research is needed to reach a consensus on load control in women's basketball, on what data are important to collect, and how to use and transfer knowledge to stakeholders.
Evolution of Tactics in Professional Soccer:
An Analysis of Team Formations from 2012 to 2021
in the Spanish LaLiga
Authors: Gonzalez-Rodenas Joaquin , MORENO-PEREZ VICTOR , López-Del Campo Roberto , Resta Ricardo , Del Coso Juan
Published: July 2023

The aim of this investigation was to explore the evolution of team formations (TFs) in a top national professional soccer league. A comparative analysis of a total of 3420 matches was performed in 32 professional soccer teams that competed from the 2012/13 to the 2020/21 season in the Spanish LaLiga. The frequency distribution of TFs across seasons presented a statistically significant change (p < 0.001). A 4.2-3.1 TF was most common from 2012/13 to 2016/17, while a 4.4.2 TF was most used from 2017/18 to 2020/2021. TFs such as 4.3.3 and 4.5.1 showed a relatively stable trend over the seasons. Overall, there was a reduction of TFs with 5 midfielders and an increase in the frequency of 2-forward formations (p < 0.001). When the ranking of teams was considered, a 4.3.3 TF was implemented with higher frequency by the Champion and teams that qualified for the Champions League (p < 0.05). However, a 4.2-3.1 TF was most frequent for teams qualified for the UEFA Europa League or teams that got relegated to an inferior category (p < 0.05). These findings highlight that teams competing in LaLiga evolved from the implementation of very few TFs led by the 4.2-3.1 TF, towards a more diverse scenario with a greater variety of tactical positional structures.
Early Success is not a Prerequisite for Success at the Adult Age in Spanish Sprinters
Authors: Agudo-Ortega Aaron , Gonzalez-Rave Jose Maria , Salinero Juan Jose
Published: July 2023

The aim of the study was to describe the relationship between success in junior categories and success in the senior category, in sprint events. An observational and longitudinal analysis was carried out using the rankings of the Royal Spanish Athletics Federation database. We analysed 547 sprinters (238 women and 309 men) from their U14 to their senior stage who ranked in top-20 on at least one occasion during the period 2004 to 2021. The first entry in top-20 occurs mostly in U14 (44.4%, 243), and the frequency is progressively lower: 26.7% (146) in U16; 20.8% (114) in U18; 5.1% (28) in U20; 2% (11) in U23; and 0.9% (5) in senior. A similar tendency was observed in male and female athletes. Only 3,8% (9) of top-20 U14 athletes reached the senior elite, increasing this percentage in subsequent categories: 7.4% (15) in U16; 10.6% (24) in U18; 20.9% (32) in U20; and 31.4% (32) from U23 to senior. Data from female athletes showed higher maintenance of top-20 status from early categories to senior age. We conclude that even though the first entry into the national top-20 in sprint events occurs early in most cases, success in these initial stages is not a prerequisite for reaching top-20 positions in the senior category.
Bankruns tonen zin van fair value-grondslag aan in de balansen van banken
Authors: ter Hoeven Ralph
Published: July 2023

Aan de hand van SVB casus, een pleidooi voor het waarderen tegen fair value. 
Motivational Correlates of Exercise Behavior Among College Students
Authors: Nieves Jesenia , Zenko Zachary
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this research was to explore the relations between basic psychological needs satisfaction (autonomy, relatedness, perceived competence), intrinsic motivation, attraction toward exercise, and exercise behavior among college students. In this study, 128 participants (including 91 women and 36 men, mean age: 24 ± 7 years) responded to a questionnaire assessing basic psychological needs satisfaction (autonomy, competence, relatedness), intrinsic motivation, attraction (vs. antipathy) toward exercise, and exercise behavior. Frequency of aerobic exercise, frequency of resistance exercise, and total aerobic exercise behavior are positively associated with autonomy, competence, relatedness, intrinsic motivation, and attraction toward exercise. Three exploratory mediation analyses suggest that attraction (vs. antipathy) toward exercise mediates the relation between intrinsic motivation and exercise behavior. Taken together, these data support and extend previous research on the importance of motivationally relevant variables, including autonomy, competence, relatedness, intrinsic motivation, and affective exercise experiences.
Prevalent Ideologies in the Gikùyù Language that Contribute to the Stigmatization of the Involuntary Childless Women
Authors: Gitu Pamela Mukami
Published: July 2023

In society, discourse is a key tool of power and control. If a woman does not have children within her childbearing years, she is stigmatised by society as a deviant and is expected to bear and raise children. Ideology and discourse are related in that they both come to us through or are reinforced by the language we use on a daily basis. As a result, ideologies are ingrained in the language that individuals employ. Therefore, ideology is utilised to support the dominant notions that stigmatise the involuntary childless woman. The main focus of this paper was on the prevailing notions that support the stigmatisation of involuntary childless women. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) by Fairclough and Van Dijk served as a foundation for the study. According to CDA, several components such as vocabulary, grammatical structure, and semantics should be thoroughly evaluated, and the study took that into account. Villages in Othaya sub-county, Nyeri County, were selected for the study using purposive sampling technique. They were Karὶma, Mahiga, Chinga, and Kairῠ-thὶ. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and audio recording were both used by the researcher to gather data. Five respondents from each of the four villages took part in the FGDs totaling twenty involuntary childless women. After the data was collected, it was audio recorded, examined, and divided into themes. The study will mostly help linguists because it will inform them about how much language may be used to stigmatise social groups and equip them to fight for language change when necessary. This discussion will emphasise how language and ideologies are related and encourage curriculum developers to incorporate lessons on linguistic stigma, which will be useful for researchers who concentrate on gender issues as well. According to the study, attitudes created through language are used to stigmatise involuntary childless women.
HOTS based Speaking and Reading Assessment in English Language Learning in Distance Learning System
Authors: Aliah Nuraziza , Rohmah Dewi Wardah Mazidatur , Hadianti Siti , Jamilah Sitti , Aisyah Sitti
Published: July 2023

The article was to determine the Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) based assessment in speaking and reading in English language learning in distance learning system. The method used qualitative research with a field study design. Collecting data through observation and interview. This research was conducted at SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Makassar with twenty English teachers. The results showed that the HOTS-based assessment in speaking and reading in English language learning within a distance learning system was carried out effectively by the English teachers. However, there were several challenges encountered during implementation, including technological limitations. Distance learning requires a stable internet connection and adequate devices, but not all students have good access to the internet, which can hinder teachers in effectively conducting speaking and reading assessments. Additionally, not all students have sufficient audio or video devices to participate in speaking assessments, which can hinder their ability to practice speaking clearly and listen well. Furthermore, there were challenges in providing direct and individual feedback in distance learning. In speaking assessments, timely and direct feedback is crucial for students to correct mistakes and improve their speaking skills. However, in distance learning, feedback was often given in written form or through recorded videos, which can result in delays and limit students' opportunities for improvement.
Keywords: HOTS based Speaking, Reading Assessment, Distance Learning System
An Investigation of EFL Novice Teachers Causes of Teaching Anxiety and their Coping Strategies
Authors: Irhamna Vidia , Fithriani Rahmah
Published: July 2023

Anxiety in language teaching and learning is not a new issue. However, there is little information about the anxiety faced by English as a foreign language (EFL) novice teacher, especially in Indonesian context. This study aims to find out the causes of anxiety in teaching English, strategies to overcome this anxiety, and school support in helping teachers manage their anxiety. This qualitative study used an online closed-ended questionnaires and interviews for data collection. Sixteen EFL novice teachers from seven junior high schools and nine senior high schools in Medan, Indonesia participated in this study. The findings reveal three causes of teaching anxiety experienced by the novice teachers, namely: student participation and class situation; material mastery; and lack of confidence. To overcome their anxiety, the teachers used some strategies which include better teaching preparation, establishing communication with students, doing warm up and ice breaking, and creating study groups. In relation to these findings, school support such as provision of teaching/learning resources and facilities, discretion to teachers, and teaching training could aid novice teachers manage their anxiety.
Keywords: EFL Novice Teachers, Coping Strategies, Teaching Anxiety
Improvement Plan for Evacuation Routes in Case of a Tsunami
Authors:   National Crisis & Emergency Management Research Institute in Chungbuk National University, Kim Do Hyeon
Published: July 2023

Along with a clear increase in the frequency of earthquakes in Korea, the magnitude of earthquakes also tends to increase. Based on that, it can be confirmed by figures that property damage caused by earthquakes on the Korean Peninsula over the past three years has grown incomparably from the previous scale. Against this background, this study aims to examine how well Korea's regulations on evacuation use in the event of an earthquake in Japan are working in actual disaster situations and to suggest scientific and realistic alternatives suitable for our situation.
Based on the analysis of the problems of the evacuation plan for residents and tourists in the maritime area, the following improvement directions were suggested. First, it proved efficient in rapid evacuation plans by using private workplaces as emergency shelters, and increased interest through road marking and rapid evacuation in the event of a situation. Second, in case of an emergency, consultations between ministries and be familiar with their work should be made so that there is no problem in operating the evacuation center function. Third, if rapid forecasts and warnings are issued, sufficient evacuation time can be secured to minimize human casualties, so a related information delivery system is established and familiarized. Fourth, basic attention is needed to prevent damage from natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis, and voluntary participation and cooperative efforts with the government are needed to improve people's awareness of natural disasters.
Analysis of perception of infectious disease crisis and quarantine system and countermeasures
Authors:   National Crisis & Emergency Management Research Institute in Chungbuk National University, Li Gaoyuan
Published: July 2023

Human history can also be said to be the history of fighting against viruses. Worldwide, about 290,000 or 640,000 people die each year from influenza-related respiratory diseases. Diseases and calamities caused by viruses have so far been very close to humanity, so understanding the causes and mechanisms of viruses helps us strengthen preparedness and respond scientifically. In this context, the purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of infectious diseases in history on human society and the role they play on the quarantine system, and to find the right response and quarantine system for the sustainable survival of mankind in the face of an ever-increasing infectious disease crisis. and presents an alternative. On the other hand, it is to analyze the perception of the infectious disease crisis and the quarantine system, and to provide opinions on how to respond to the infectious disease crisis and develop the quarantine system.
Therefore, this study emphasized the importance of developing the quarantine system and improving awareness of crisis by analyzing various behavioral and psychological states after the outbreak of COVID-19, from human efforts to eradicate the virus to the development of the quarantine system. They also discussed how to deal with an infectious disease crisis. For this purpose, a graph analysis method was used. The graph analysis method was used to compare and analyze the quantitative change and regularity of social phenomena in various fields by representing the situation of social phenomena in the form of statistical graphs.
Crisis Management Countermeasures Adopted to Prevent the Collective Spread of COVID-19 Infection: Focused on China
Authors:   National Crisis & Emergency Management Research Institute in Chungbuk National University, Pu Yue
Published: July 2023

This paper focuses on China and introduces the current situation of COVID-19, the government and citizens' response methods, preventive measures, existing problems, and applicable measures. Based on previous human research results, this research provides improvement countermeasures for COVID-19 governance and network theory from the perspective of crisis management. The time frame of the research is from December 2019 to present. As the trend of economic globalization sweeping the world intensifies and economic and cultural integration, China, as a responsible major country, also shares risks with other countries. COVID-19 first occurred in China, and it can be seen that the epidemic has been well controlled in China from a global perspective. Therefore, it is very important to study the crisis management measures adopted by China.
A Study on the Government's Quarantine Policy on COVID- 19: Focusing on the Impact of Government Quarantine Policies on the Spread of COVID- 19
Authors:   National Crisis & Emergency Management Research Institute in Chungbuk National University, He Peihong
Published: July 2023

Sudden spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19 is related to the interests of the people and the development of society, and coping with the crisis caused by this is a great ordeal for the government. It is emphasized how the government will improve its ability to cope with the spread of the crisis in unexpected public health events and do better in crisis management. There is a need for this study. This is because the government's quarantine policy during the epidemic disaster is very important in controlling the spread of infectious diseases. This study aims to explore the causes of different situations in China, the United States, and Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The implications derived from the results of a comparative analysis of the COVID-19 response policies of three countries, Korea, China, and the United States, are as follows. It can be seen that the governments of Korea and China have relatively high ability to control infectious diseases. Compared to the current serious situation in Western countries such as the United States, it can be seen that the government's quarantine policy is important. Only when the government has the ability to respond to infectious disease crises as quickly and accurately as COVID-19 can it minimize the loss of people's lives and property in the event of a crisis, while reducing the negative impact of the crisis.
The Direction of Japan's Disaster Prevention 4.0 and Local Government Disaster Prevention Policy: Focusing on Independent Disaster Prevention Organizations
Authors:   National Crisis & Emergency Management Research Institute in Chungbuk National University, Lee Jasung
Published: July 2023

As the paradigm shifts from government-centered to community-centered disaster management, the importance of disaster management governance is highlighted. This paper analyzes the cases of disaster management governance in self-disaster organization in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, and suggests implications for disaster management governance in Korea. The Japanese government proposed a disaster prevention 4.0 future project through the experience of the Hanshin Awaji earthquake and the Great East Japan earthquake, and suggested a direction shift from government-centered response to community-centered. The main goal is to recognize disaster response as their own work and to take responsibility for self-family and community safety, emphasizing the importance of self-disaster organization in the region, as well as roles, linkages and cooperation. In Korea, there are similar organizations such as volunteer fire brigade and local autonomous disaster prevention organization, but there are concerns about the role of actual disaster occurrence due to the aging of members and passive attitude. This study suggests the contents and roles of the self-disaster organization through case analysis of the self-disaster organization in Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, the transition of disaster prevention awareness education from government-led to citizen-led, the linkage of educational facilities such as schools, and the participation of students in disaster activities.
National Crisis Management System Development Direction
Authors:   National Crisis & Emergency Management Research Institute in Chungbuk National University, Lee Chae-Eon
Published: July 2023

Recently, as the U.S. and China's hegemony competition has intensified, a new Cold War is being formed in East Asia where the world's military power is concentrated, and the security crisis is increasing, such as the continuous increase of North Korea's nuclear threat. This study examined the national crisis management system of the previous regimes in Korea and analyzed the laws and regulations related to the national crisis management, the organizational system, the control tower, and the consultative body to suggest the direction of the development of the national crisis management system that can cope with the future crisis situation. As a result, in the legal system field, the enactment of the “National Crisis Management Basic Act” which is the most basic of the national crisis management system is essential, and the grading of the national crisis alarm and the supplementation of the national crisis management stage were required. The organizational system and control tower suggested a plan to strengthen the function of the national emergency preparedness while controlling the crisis management in the disaster field by organizing the national crisis management execution control tower in the prime minister's office while the national security office serves as the control tower for the national crisis management. In addition, the councils operated according to individual laws and regulations were proposed to unify into the National Crisis Management Council so that they could cope efficiently if a large-scale crisis occurs simultaneously. Like the “Umbrella on a Clear Day,” the crisis is not predictable, and what is expected, prepared, and not known is the difference between heaven and earth. The crisis situation that will come in the future should be recognized as a scale and form beyond the imagination of mankind, and should be supplemented and developed by law, system and organizational system.
Models for a comprehensive assessment of anthropogenic labor safety in manmachine systems
Authors: Nikolsky Oleg , Faranosov Vadim , Surinsky Dmitry
Published: July 2023

The solution of practical problems aimed at reducing (preventing) hazards in an electrical installation (PP) and their consequences should be based on a methodology for assessing and managing risks, including the rationale for the integral indicator of the effectiveness of safety systems, taking into account the necessary costs and prevented damage. At present, a unified scientifically substantiated methodology has been formulated that provides the patterns of emergence and development of man-made hazards, the essence of which is based on the so-called energy-entropy concept. Keywords: ANTHROPOGENIC SAFETY, MAN-MADE FIRES, THERMAL OVERLOAD, HUMAN-MACHINE SYSTEM
PERAN GEREJA DI DALAM PEMBANGUNAN TRANSFORMASIONAL CITY
Authors: Karo karo Desire , Ming David
Published: July 2023

The way a person understands poverty and its causes tends to shape the way a person is how to expose it. Most governments and most institutions define poverty as a whole based on material terminology. If the perception of material used for the problem of poverty is a complete understanding, it is not surprising that the local church is not included. The Bible gives a different understanding of poverty, according to him the most fundamental cause of poverty is spiritual. Sin is that which corrupts and distorts relationships which in many ways creates various forms of human poverty in material, social and spiritual forms. Within this framework of understanding the church can be involved. There are seven things that can be done by the church to be involved in transformational development (leading transformational): serving the community; call people to faith; bring out students who are holistic; contributions to civil society; being a pastoral companion; be the voice of prophethood; provide alternative explanations.
PERAN PELAYANAN KONSELING PASTORAL DALAM MENANGANI REMAJA TROUBLE MAKER AKIBAT KURANG PERHATIAN
Authors: Widiyaningtyas Ester , Prasetyo Joko
Published: July 2023

ABSTRAK: Seorang remaja perlu mendapat perhatian khusus sebab di masa ini mereka masih mudah untuk terpengaruh. Perlakukan yang tidak mengenakkan, pergaulan yang salah, kurangnya perhatian dapat membuat mereka menjadi remaja yang troubel maker. Agar tidak semakin buruk, troubel maker harus ditangani dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran pelayanan konseling pastoral dalam menangani remaja troubel maker akibat kurang perhatian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan kepustakaan dengan menganalisis temuan-temuan mengenai peran pelayanan konseling pastoral dalam menangani remaja trobel maker akibat kurang perhatian. Berdasar penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa pelayanan konseling pastoral dalam menangai remaja troubel maker tidak hanya diberikan kepada remaja yang troubel maker tetapi juga perlu diberikan kepada kedua orang tua atau keluarga remaja tersebut. Dengan memberikan pelayanan konseling pastoral kepada remaja yang troubel maker beserta keluarganya, maka tindakan troubel maker ini dapat diantipasi bahkan dihilangkan melalui pengawasan orang tua maupun melalui kesadaran remaja itu sendiri yang tidak lagi melakukan tindakan troubel maker. Pelayanan konseling pastoral tidak hanya membuat pribadi menjadi pribadi yang mandiri dan bertumbuh secara rohani, tetapi juga dapat membuat remaja tersebut bisa membagikan atau memberikan bimbingan konseling kepada remaja lain yang mengalami trobel maker.
SOLA FIDE SEBAGAI DASAR BERPIKIR TEOLOGIS ORANG KRISTEN
Authors: Sukri Urbanus
Published: July 2023

Jurnal ini mengulas tentang Sola Fide sebagai dasar berpikir secara Teologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan pentingnya sola fide sebagai dasar berpikir teologis bagi orang Kristen. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis riset pustaka (library research) yang memanfaatkan sumber perpustakaan untuk memperoleh data penelitiannya. Dengan kata lain, penelitian ini membatasi hanya mengambil bahan-bahan koleksi perpustakaan saja tanpa perlu melakukan riset lapangan (field research). Dan seluruh data diperoleh dari penggalian buku referensi, jurnal dan internet. Teknik analisa data pada penelitian ini dengan menggunakan teknik analisa kualitatif dengan cara deduktif. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah (bahwa) sola fide sangat tepat dan relevan sebagai dasar berpikir teologis bagi orang percaya. This journal reviews Sola Fide as a basis for theological thinking. This research aims to describe the importance of sola fide as a basis for theological thinking for Christians. This research uses a type of library research that utilizes library sources to obtain research data. In other words, this research is limited to taking only library collection materials without the need to conduct field research. And all data is obtained from extracting reference books, journals and the internet. Data analysis techniques in this study using qualitative analysis techniques in a deductive way. The results of this study are (that) sola fide is very appropriate and relevant as a basis for theological thinking for believers.
Identification of thunderstorm occurrence in NWP forecasts using neural networks
Authors: Vahid Yousefnia Kianusch , Bölle Tobias , Zöbisch Isabella , Gerz Thomas
Published: July 2023

Thunderstorm forecasts with lead times of more than one hour usually rely on the post-processing of numerical weather prediction (NWP) data. Thanks to machine learning methods, this post-processing step has seen encouraging improvement in recent years. In this work, we introduce SALAMA, a feedforward neural network model for identifying thunderstorm occurrence in numerical weather prediction data. The model is trained on convection-resolving ensemble forecasts over Central Europe while lightning observations serve as ground truth. We believe that our work represents the first application of a neural network for thunderstorm forecasting to ensemble data with a fine resolution of only 2km. We solve a binary classification task: given only a set of pixel-wise input parameters that are extracted from NWP data and related to thunderstorm development, SALAMA infers the probability of thunderstorm occurrence. Particular emphasis is put on making the model reliable. We quantify classification skill through established scores from the meteorological and machine learning community and carefully estimate model uncertainty. For lead times up to eleven hours, we find a classification skill superior to classification based only on convective available potential energy. Varying the spatiotemporal criteria by which we associate lightning observations with NWP data, we estimate the advection speed of thunderstorms in the atmosphere and show that the time scale for skillful thunderstorm predictions increases linearly with the spatial scale of the forecast. All predictors entering our model are available in real time, which makes SALAMA readily available for operational use.
Secrets of a Journal Editor: How to Write Your Paper, Survive Peer Review, and Get Your Paper Published
Authors: Schultz David
Published: July 2023

What are the secrets of how journal editors do their jobs?  What are the top tips to getting your paper published in a high-quality journal?  How best to respond to peer reviewers’ comments?  These are some of the questions that will be addressed in this presentation.  Professor Schultz is the former Editor in Chief of Monthly Weather Review (2008–2022) and the author of Eloquent Science: A Practical Guide to Becoming a Better Writer, Speaker, and Atmospheric Scientist.
New Technology for Affordable and Deployable Direct Evapotranspiration Measurements
Authors: Fratini Gerardo , Miller Bill , McCoy Johnathan , Walbridge Ryan , Frodyma Alex , Fuhrman Isaac , Parr Andrew , Trutna Derek , Xu Liukang , Burba George
Published: July 2023

Declining water availability is among key global concerns in the modern society manifesting uniquely at different scales, from the farm field to the global food distribution, and requires innovative composite solutions in terms of policy, education, science, and technology. Solutions to water use in agriculture require resource management based upon socioeconomic and scientific understanding.These important goals are achieved through crucial regulatory, societal, and technical means. Among the latter, monitoring of water flows at multiple scales, from the field to the state and beyond, can help achieve water use reduction, optimization and prediction. Even small water savings, when achieved at scale, can bring about massive benefits. To properly track and document single digit percent improvements, measurement accuracy is especially important, and cannot ordinarily be achieved with indirect evapotranspiration (ET) estimations such as potential, reference or equilibrium ET models based on weather data. A fundamental component of a dense, coordinated grid for effective water monitoring is therefore the accurate, real-time, high spatio-temporal resolution measurement of direct water use and transport.In this work we present the main features and specifications of the very latest technology specifically developed for affordable yet accurate, direct, unattended, and automated field-scale ET measurements. We discuss laboratory performance evaluations as well as field testing against reference methods, with a focus on the scientific and technological trade-offs underlying the innovative design. Representing the synthesis of three decades of expertise in the design and development of research-grade systems for the quantification of in-situ gas and energy flux, this new technology is specifically intended to enable and encourage the creation of new, denser networks of unmanned ET measurements.
Phase difference method at UHF frequency band for hydrometeor detection
Authors: Fabo Peter , Nejedlik Pavol , Kuba Michal , Onderka Milan
Published: July 2023

The advancements in microelectronics, high-frequency electronics, and FPGA enabled the development and further availability of software-defined receivers (SDR). This article deals with the possibilities of using the sources of electromagnetic energy for the detection of the hydrometeors in the lowest layer of the atmosphere in real time. Our effort was targeted toward the space and time localization of precipitation and its intensity by using frequencies around one GHz.
Electromagnetic signal attenuation by water vapor and by precipitation either in liquid or solid form in these bands is immeasurable and it is basically lost in the noise. The use of signal attenuation by the liquid precipitation, typically by using the remote directional connection, is effective in microwave bands over 10 GHz.
Refractivity is the physical value that impacts electromagnetic signal penetration through the atmosphere. It depends on the air pressure, temperature, and saturated water vapor, and from the point of view of electromagnetic signal propagation it represents the properties of the material environment which influences its speed and dispersion. Determination of the refractivity value is a quite complicated process. It requires sophisticated instrumentation based on highly accurate time normal. This work is bringing a method that is using atmospheric refractivity changes (its gradient) between different trajectories along which electromagnetic energy is spread from the broadcaster to a simple antenna system. A coherent SDR receiver is used for the evaluation of time delays between the signals coming to different antennas. The time shifts are converted to the frequency changes towards the frequency at which the observation was done. An advantage of this method comes from the fact that it does not depend on the signal strength until it is available. It is a fully passive method using external sources of the electromagnetic signal and the signal does not need to be decoded. Phase difference between the signals is related to the frequency of the source signal and depends on the properties of the atmosphere.
Performed experimental measurements recognized that the evaluation of the phase changes by a coherent receiver is correlated with different atmospheric phenomena and showed the possibility to detect them. The phase change reacted to different atmospheric phenomena mostly, but not exclusively, related to hydrometeors. Detection of the local as well as frontal showers and thunderstorms with high-intensity precipitation was clearly shown as well as the relaxation of the atmospheric humidity after the time-limited precipitation. Further to that the method reacts to atmospheric turbulence and to the thermal inversion process.
The results come from a certain number of time-limited experiments. Continual monitoring in selected localities is envisaged in close future.
Detection, classification and physical analysis of Explosive Cyclones in the Mediterranean Region: a full exploitation of ERA5 dataset
Authors: Carniel Cosimo Enrico , Ferretti Rossella , Ricchi Antonio , Curci Gabriele , Miglietta Mario Marcello , Reale Marco , Serafini Piero , Wellmeyer Evan David , Zardi Dino
Published: July 2023

In the Mediterranean region, a wide variety of cyclogenesis mechanisms are known to develop, including baroclinic waves from the Atlantic, baroclinic wave cut-off and Warm Seclusions. These mechanisms have been shown sometimes to produce Tropical-Like Cyclones (TLC), Intense Mediterranean Cyclones (IMC) and Explosive-Cyclogenesis (EC). Depending on the cyclone's class, the characteristic frequency of appearance can vary, ranging from tens per month to around 1-1.5 per year, as in the TLC case. ECs are among the rarest and probably the most intense and destructive cyclone events that can develop; they usually originate at high latitudes during wintertime, mainly over the sea, preferring areas with relatively  strong Sea Surface Temperature (SST) gradients. These events are characterized by a relatively fast drop of pressure at the centre of the cyclone, approximately more than 1hPa/hr in a time window of  24hr, or 12 in other milestone works. Several recent studies investigated the formation of ECs over the Mediterranean Basin (MB). EC formation is an extremely complex process, mostly driven in the MB by dry air intrusions from the stratosphere and by Atmospheric Rivers. Here, by using ERA5 reanalysis dataset, we first conducted a physical and dynamic analysis of the most intense cyclone events that occurred in the Mediterranean basin in the period 1979-2020, identifying factors that triggered and contributed to the intensification of such events. According to Sanders’ and Gyakum’s definition of Bergeron–a parameter that describes ECs’ deepening rate and varies from 28mb/(24h) at the pole to 12 mb/(24h) at latitude 25°N–, and its mid-latitude 12 hours adaptation introduced by Zhang, we were able to classify them in the three aforementioned categories. Moreover, by using EOFs, we outlined synoptic configurations that are more likely to drive the phenomena, highlighting the role of the SCAND index and NAO-. We further investigated the deepening with a new promising approach involving the use of 6-hour timespans in order to single out all those systems with the strongest pressure gradients and quickest evolution, highlighting the differences between cyclones developing on the sea and others undergoing evolution related to semidiurnal atmospherical tides in northern Africa. Further analysis is being undertaken to determine the cyclones’ phases and their main morphological characteristics, as well as their correlation with atmospheric rivers and SST anomalies in the Central Mediterranean Basin.
Interdisciplinary approach to include the effect of weather and climate in models for the spread of airborne infectious diseases
Authors: de Baar Jouke , Spekken Dante , Swart Arno , Benincà Elisa , Limaheluw Jesse , Vermeulen Lucie , van der Schrier Gerard
Published: July 2023

Question. Interdisciplinary research is becoming an increasingly important aspect of climate and weather impact research. In this work, we present a case study to include high-resolution climatology in models for the spread of airborne infectious disease. Approach. To achieve this, we expand the collaboration between two institutions, the National Institute for the Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) and the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). In this research, we bring two developments together. The RIVM is focusing on modelling the spread of airborne infectious diseases and assess their risk to human health, while the KNMI is focusing on providing high-resolution weather and climate maps by blending official KNMI weather station data, crowd-sourced Weather Observation Website (WOW, https://wow.knmi.nl) data and static information like land use and population density. On a technical level, the high-resolution weather maps are based on multi-fidelity Bayesian regression kriging. The core of the disease spread model is a spatial transmission kernel, which estimates the probability of infection as a function of the distance from the source. However, in this basic form, this approach has some limitations, because it does not take into account the impact of other important factors as for instance meteorological and environmental variables. In the combined effort by RIVM and KNMI we aim to improve and extend the current framework of the disease spread model by including the high resolution weather maps into the spatial transmission kernel.  Importantly, since both the weather maps and kernel model quantify uncertainty we can properly propagate uncertainty by Bayesian principles in the disease model. Our hypothesis is that, when we bring these two lines of research together, the high-resolution weather maps can lead to better models of disease spread, by including crucial covariates. In addition, such research is an important opportunity to establish links between science and society, both on the crowd-sourced weather observations side as on the publicly relevant side of health impact. Preliminary results. Currently, we are developing the methodology to improve and combine these two approaches from different disciplines. In this presentation, we will present this methodology for combination of approaches, as well as preliminary results from the two lines of approach that we aim to combine. 
Forecasting Heat-Related Hazards on the UK Rail Network
Authors: Lake Alice , Eyles Joe , Susorney Hannah , Skea Alasdair
Published: July 2023

Continuous welded rails, which are used as standard on the United Kingdom railway network, are optimised to withstand a specified temperature range centred around a given “stress-free temperature” (SFT). This is the temperature at which the rail is neither in tension nor compression. Higher SFTs mean the track can withstand higher temperatures before expanding. However, too high an SFT makes the rail susceptible to brittleness and cracks in low winter temperatures. Exceeding the temperature range within which the rail is designed to operate can cause it to distort, leading to increased instances of buckling. Although rare, derailment caused by buckling can result in catastrophic consequences. Therefore, to prevent such accidents, blanket speed restrictions are currently imposed when the forecast air temperature exceeds a set threshold.
However, these blanket speed restrictions are based on the simple assumption that the rail surface temperature will be a constant value above the air temperature. This assumption is widely adopted even though observations show that rail surface temperature is not linearly correlated with air temperature. If rail surface temperatures can be accurately and reliably modelled, speeds restrictions and preventative measures can be more targeted. This is becoming increasingly important since climate change is predicted to increase the frequency of occurrence of extreme high temperatures in the United Kingdom.
Therefore, the Met Office is currently developing a new rail surface temperature model, designed to accommodate these future user requirements. This model is centred on the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES); a community model used as the land-surface component of the Met Office Unified Model (UM), but which can also be used – as we do here – as a stand-alone surface-exchange-scheme driven by forecast output from Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. By adapting JULES to model the energy balance of the rail, we are able to produce forecasts of rail surface temperatures. In particular, by driving JULES with output from the Met Office regional ensemble model MOGREPS-UK, we are able to create a set of possible rail forecast outputs. Considering these in aggregate allow us to produce probabilistic forecasts of rail surface temperatures.
Output from the rail surface temperature model has been compared to observation data collected at 40 locations across Northern Ireland. Initial analysis shows the model significantly outperforms traditional forecasting methods based on linear relationships with air temperature. Additionally, producing probabilistic forecasts allows to quantify uncertainty, supporting users in moving towards probabilistic, risk-based forecasting. This has the potential to significantly improve heat-related hazard forecasting across the UK railway network, thus improving the safety and efficiency of the network. 