bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF 2-(5-OXO-4,5-DIHYDRO-1,2,4-OXADIAZOL-3-YL)BENZOIC ACID
Authors: Tkachuk V. , Lyubchuk T. , Tkachuk T. , Hordiyenko O.
Published: July 2021

2-(5-Oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)benzoic acid was synthesized using a new effective method – thermal heterocyclization of 3-(hydroxyimino)isoindolin-1-one, which occurs as a result of its interaction with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) and subsequent base-promoted cycleopening of the obtained intermediate 3H,5H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[3,4-a]isoindole-3,5-dione.

Direct cyclization of 3-(hydroxyimino)isoindolin-1-one by the reaction with diethyl carbonate in the presence of sodium ethylate in ethanol at room temperature and under heating was unsuccessful. The same result was observed when using triphosgene in the presence of triethylamine in dichloromethane. Treating 3-(hydroxyimino)isoindolin-1-one with methyl chloroformate gave 3-(((methoxycarbonyl)oxy)-imino)isoindolin-1-one which was thermally stable and was not cyclized into the desired acid by boiling in toluene and o-xylene for 24 hours.

The reflux of the excess of CDI with 3-(hydroxyimino)isoindolin-1-one in anhydrous ethyl acetate and subsequent alkaline hydrolysis gave the desired 2-(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)benzoic acid in a total yield of 90%. An attempt to stop the process at the stage of formation of the intermediate 3H,5H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[3,4-a]isoindole-3,5-dione by carrying out the reaction in the absence of a base failed. Its partial hydrolysis took place during the reaction, and especially at the stage of isolation, and as a result a mixture of 3H,5H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[3,4-a]isoindole-3,5-dione and 2-(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)benzoic acid was formed in a ratio of about 2:3. The obtained substance after mixing with aqueousmethanolic NaOH solution and subsequent acidification with 1M HCl was quantitatively converted into the pure desired acid.

The developed method allows the use of 3-(hydroxyimino)isoindolin-1-ones as convenient starting materials for the preparation of vic-(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)aromatic acids and subsequently related compounds, in particular isomeric vic-carbamimidoyl(hetero)aromatic carboxylic acids, which cannot be obtained by other currently known methods. All the compounds obtained during the development of the method were studied by means of NMR spectroscopy.
DETERMINATION OF ORTHOPHOSPHATE IN WATER BY SOLID-PHASE CHEMILUMINESCENT METHOD
Authors: Sumarokova G. , Linnik R. , Zaporozhets О. , Zinko L.
Published: July 2021

Phosphorus is one of the most important nutrients. Excessive content of its compounds in water objects leads to eutrophication, as well as reduces water quality. Methods based on the formation of molybdophosphate heteropolyacid (HPA) in an acidic medium with its subsequent reduction and spectrophotometric detection of the formed reduced "blue" HPA are most often used to determine phosphorus compounds. These methods are unsuitable for the analysis of waters with a phosphorus content <40 μg /L. The use of the chemiluminescent method (CL) makes it possible to increase the sensitivity of the determination, but CL detection in an acidic medium under the conditions of formation of HPA is limited by the existing indicator systems. To increase the selectivity of the method for determining the microquantities of phosphate relative to metal ions, we used an approach based on the adsorption removal of analyte with next determination using the CL method. Previous removal of phosphate from an aqueous solution in the form of reduced molybdostibiumphosphate HPA was released using batch technique in optimal conditions of its formation in the solution. Silica modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was used as anion exchange adsorbent. Then the concentrate was processed with alkaline lucigenin solution and registration of the CL glow resulting from the reaction. Under optimal conditions of phosphate determination, the calibration curve is linear in the range from 3.7 to 147 μg PO43–/L with a detection limit of 0.8 μg PO43–/L. Cations K+, Na+, Fe(III), Mo(VI), NH4+ and anions Cl–, F–, HCO3–, С4Н4О62–, Asc–, NO2–, SO42–, as well as EDTA, do not interfere. Silicates (SiO32–) do not interfere with the determination of phosphate, even in 100-fold excess. Nitrates at concentrations below the average content in drinking water do not interfere with the determination. The developed technique was tested on a sample of pump room water. The technique is characterized by high sensitivity and a wide range of detectable concentrations. It is not inferior in sensitivity to flow methods using fluorescent or chemiluminescent detection.
Building an Individual Portrait of the Dynamics of Music Perception Using Time-Frequency Analysis of Summary Skin Potential
Authors: Nazarov A.I.
Published: July 2021

The individual dynamics of the emotional component of the perception of musical melodies was studied. The indicators of emotional status were involuntary reactions of the summary skin potential (SSP) and arbitrary clicks by subjects on the “like” or “dislike” buttons while listening to melodies. The frequency of arbitrary button clicks serves as an indicator of the degree of differentiation (detail) of the conscious perception of various elements of the melody. By digital processing of the SSP, its derivatives were obtained — heart rate, median frequency and the RMS amplitude of the SSP as functions of time, etc. The temporal dynamics of these indicators turned out to be more intense compared to the frequency of pressing, which is explained by the specificity of the interaction between conscious and unconscious levels of perceptions. In connection with the use of several indicators of continuous emotional dynamics, there is a need for their integral representation. An example of such integration is given for two indicators in the form of individual approximating ellipses. In the future, it is planned to use modern computer graphics to solve the problem.
Demographic characteristics and radiological features of pneumonia cases in military personnel
Authors: Shirinova Fidan Vasiliy kizi
Published: July 2021

The influence of demographic factors on the prevalence of community-acquired pneumonia among military personnel, depending on the climatic and geographical conditions for 20062019, was studied. 266 servicemen aged 1826 years were examined. The diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia was made on the basis of clinical and radiological data. In addition, the medical records of patients suffering from pneumonia were checked, who were diagnosed with clinical and radiological indicators, but who were not hospitalized, but were sent for outpatient treatment. It was found that new recruits are much more likely to suffer from community-acquired pneumonia (18 years 70 (26.3%) people, 19 years 66 (24.8%) people, 20 years 49 (18.4%) people. At the age of 25, the incidence of pneumonia among military personnel decreases by 1.9%, and at the age of 26 by 0.4%. At topical radiological diagnostics, there was a significant prevalence of left-sided lower lobe pneumonia. Of the 266 recruits, the frequency of hypothermia was found in 207 (90.8%) people. Repeated cases of pneumonia accounted for only 9.2%. We believe that the movement of military personnel to another climatogeographic region should be identified with an important risk factor for the development of community-acquired pneumonia. This circumstance should be taken into account when carrying out preventive measures. Thus, community-acquired pneumonia among military personnel is most common in recruits during the first 6 months of service. This is due to such risk factors as acclimatization, reduced reactivity of the body when adapting to the conditions of military service and "mixing" when forming units from recruits.
Disease as a result of violations of the symbiotic relationship between the host and the microbiota with pathogens
Authors: Tkachenko Evgeny I. , Grinevich Vladimir B. , Gubonina Irina V. , Kravchuk Yuriy A. , Apcel Vasily Ya. , Ivanyuk Elena S.
Published: July 2021

Recent achievements in many sciences have led to an understanding of the need to form new ideas about the nature of human relationships with the environment and the inner world, his health, the principles of disease formation and their prevention. There has been a transition from a collection of achievements of various sciences to a holistic paradigm that unites a person as an organism and as a person, his inner and surrounding world. It became obvious that this could not be done within the framework of the previous general theories of medicine. To this end, the authors propose a new theory of medicine: "the theory of noospheric-anthropogenic harmony". From the standpoint of this theory, the mechanisms of the relationship of microbiota and pathogens with the protective and acceptive immunity of a healthy and sick person, as well as the mechanisms of microbiota regulation, are considered. The paradigm of dysbiosis as the cause of many diseases and main homeostatic mechanisms that provide symbiotic relationships of microbiota, immunity and its role in the mechanisms of natural tolerance and formation of various disease, such as, autoimmune ones and tumors, require a change in the acceptedtreatment and prevention. A new approach should be based on using a new class of drugs metabiotics, which in their term influence microbiota.
Naval hygienist Zun Andrey Vadimovich: professionalism, erudition and fidelity to traditions
Authors: Petreev Igor V. , Zun Sergey A. , Shevchuk Igor A.
Published: July 2021

We are considering the main aspects of the professional activity of an outstanding naval hygienist, alumnus of the Faculty of residency training for the Naval Service of Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov (1964), Candidate of Medical Sciences (1971), Higher Senior Officer (graduate education hygiene) of the Scientific Research Center of the Academy (1975), Associate Professor at the Department of Naval and Radiation Hygiene (2004), retired Colonel of the Medical Service Zun Andrey Vadimovich. Having gained a unique experience in medical practice as the Head of the medical service of a diesel-electric submarine of the Baltic Fleet and having completed his postgraduate studies at the Department of Naval and Radiation Hygiene (Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov), Andrey Vadimovich successfully defended his thesis for the degree of Candidate of Medical Sciences (graduate education hygiene) on the topic "Hygienic characteristics of the working conditions of specialists working on the fleet shore installations of the Naval Service, working with components of rocket fuel". After this more than 45 years of his professional activity were devoted specifically to the preventive medicine trend hygiene. The main professional achievements of Andrey Vadimovich undoubtedly include the study of the physiological effect of negative air ions in closed premises with conditions of oxygen deficiency, the study of the workplace hygiene of coastal missile systems specialists, as well as the hygienic characteristics of military clothing. Andrey Vadimovich has been also teaching such academic disciplines as naval and radiation hygiene, as well as medical ecology for all categories of Academy students. He is a veteran of the Armed Forces and Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov. Andrey Vadimovich considers the success of his son and grandson as the main achievement of his life. His son Sergey followed the path taken by his father and graduated from the Faculty of Residency Training for the Naval Service of Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov, also he deployed downrange on submarines, and then became an Associate Professor of the Psychiatry Department at the Academy. The grandson of Andrey Vadimovich, Pavel, graduated from the University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics. After he completed his postgraduate studies at the same University, his area of expertise is computer modeling of the circulatory system.
The topographo-anatomical conditions of reconstruction of the trunk and roots of the portal vein during gastropancreatoduodenal resection
Authors: Dzidzava Iliya I. , Gayvoronsky Ivan V. , Kotiv Andrei B. , Alentyev Sergey A.
Published: July 2021

Topographic and anatomical variants of vascular plastics in extended gastropancreatoduodenal resection are substantiated. The anatomical study was performed on 30 organ complexes and 5 not embalmed human corpses. Significant variability of the roots and tributaries of the v. portae and their location near the pancreas was revealed. The extended contact of the mesenteric-portal segment with the head of the pancreas promotes the involvement of the veins of the portal system in the tumor process. The magistral type of the structure of the superior mesenteric vein was revealed in 19 cases, the distributed type in 11, which determines the conditions for vascular reconstruction. In the experiment the possibility of creation the formation of the direct mesenteric-portal anastomosis after duodenectomy was established in case of shifting the mobilized root of the mesentery of the small intestine in the direction of the liver gate. If splenic vein resection is necessary, adequate blood outflow from the stomach, spleen, and pancreatic stump can be provided by forming a distal splenic-renal anastomosis or, with a sufficient length of the splenic vein, a splenic-portal anastomosis. Based on computed tomography angiographs and intraoperative data 29 patients underwent extended gastropancreatoduodenal resection followed by vascular reconstruction. Tumor invasion of the trunk of the portal vein on computed tomography angiograms was represented by offset and the contact of the tumor with portal vein for over 10 mm (in 7 cases), the displacement and deformation of the portal vein tumor (in 5 cases), tumor infiltration of more than 50% of the circumference of the portal vein (in 3 cases). Extended contact with the tumor was identified in 9 cases, confluence stenosis of the portal vein in 5 cases. The tumor invasion into the portal vein, and the vascular system was restored by the formation of a port-portal anastomosis in 15 cases. Moreover at the reconstruction of mesenteric-portal segment we formed mesenteric-portal anastomosis in 10 cases. Also in 2 cases mesenteric-portal anastomosis in the confluence area of the iliac colon and jejunum tributaries was formed, in 1 case we formed anastomosis between the ileum-colon vein and the portal vein (with 1:2 diameter difference without patency disorders). In one single case we connected iliac colon vein wall with jejunum vein wall and formed anastomosis between them and portal vein. Distal splenorenal anastomosis was formed in 10 patients from this group. Spleno-portal anastomosis was formed in 3 patients above the junction of the portal and superior mesenteric veins.
Selection of retroperitoneal access during intervertebral disc endoprosthesis in lumbar spine
Authors: Priymak Maxim A. , Kruglov Ivan A. , Gaivoronski Alexei I. , Kravtsov Maksim N. , Bulyshchenko Gennady G.
Published: July 2021

The morphometric parameters and surgical areas of risk of retroperitoneal approach were studied for endoprosthetics of intervertebral discs in the lumbar spine to reduce trauma and reduce the risk of complications. The study included 110 patients operated on in the period from 2017 to 2020 (72 men, 38 women) in the neurosurgical department of the 1586 Military Clinical Hospital. The average age of the patients was 44.9 15.4 years. According to the localization of access to the lumbar spine, the patients were distributed as follows: LIIILIV 8 (7.3%), LIVLV 46 (41.7%), LVSI 56 (51%). It was found that, for the intervertebral disc LV SI, the length of the skin incision was 92.5 (80; 100) mm, the length of the surgical wound was 80 (80; 110) mm, the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer was 30 (15; 40) mm, the depth of the wound was to the spine 85 (70; 120) mm, the depth of the wound to the spinal canal 125 (107.5; 152.5) mm, the angle of operation in the horizontal plane at the level of the spine 52 (47; 59.5) degrees. On the basis of the anthropometric data of patients, the optimal length of the skin incision was determined for performing the retroperitoneal approach (120 mm for level LIIILIV, 100 mm for level LIVLV). Three variants of the inferior vena cava bifurcation have been identified for different levels of intervertebral discs in the lumbar spine: high bifurcation, left common iliac vein mainly overlaps the left half of the LIVLV intervertebral disc and does not overlap the LVSI intervertebral disc; middle bifurcation, left common iliac vein overlaps the central part of the intervertebral discs LIVLV and LVSI; low bifurcation, inferior vena cava overlaps the right side of the intervertebral disc LIVLV, inferior vena cava and left common iliac vein completely overlap the intervertebral disc LVSI. The data obtained can be used when planning retroperitoneal access to the lumbar spine in order to reduce the trauma of the operation.
Determination of barometric criteria for rupture of atherosclerotic plaques in the brachiocephalic arteries
Authors: Maistrenko Dmitriy N. , Ivanov Alexander S. , Generalov Mikhail I. , Nikolaev Dmitry N. , Stanzhevsky Andrey A. , Molchanov Oleg E. , Oleshuk Anna N. , Kokorin Denis M. , Maystrenko Alexey D. , Soloviev Aleksey V. , Chegemov Arsen A. , Stepanov Aleksandr A. , Eshchik Semyon M.
Published: July 2021

The sequence of determining determination of the critical value of blood pressure for the occurrence of dissection of atherosclerotic intima of the internal carotid artery according to the experimental study. Atherosclerotic lesion of the brachiocephalic arteries was modeled on a vascular silicone phantom of the carotid arteries, in which the surgical material (intact annular area of atherosclerotic intima with plaque), obtained after eversion endarterectomy in a patient with atherosclerotic lesions, was placed and fixed in the region of the mouth of the internal carotid artery. A total of 30 models were created. To determine the critical values of the pressure on the intima with the plaque, at which it ruptures, balloon catheters were used, controlling the pressure with a manometer. The results were compared with the preoperative data of ultrasound and computed tomography examinations of patients. Dissection of the intima in the area of the plaque occurred in 6 cases at a pressure of 150180 mm Hg; in 9 cases at 180200 mm Hg, in 3 cases at a pressure of more than 200 mmHg, in 12 when exposed to more than 300 mm Hg. All patients, whose intima ruptured at a pressure of less than 200 mm Hg, had a fluid component of the plaque on preoperative examination, and in 6 patients, the critical pressure on the plaque was 150 mm Hg., there was also a thinned "cover" of the plaque. In the rest of the cases, the plaques were stable without a liquid component. Dissection of the intima in these cases did not occur when the exposure value was more than 300 mm Hg. The presence of a fluid component in an atherosclerotic plaque of the carotid artery in combination with a thinned cover of the plaque indicates the extreme danger of its destruction and embolism during a hypertensive crisis. The degree of stenosis of the carotid artery was found to be a less significant risk factor for unstable plaque rupture than the presence of a fluid component.
The need to create and implement a platform for managing the professioyal reliability of military personnel of the armed forces of the russian federation, based on the principles of personalizet medicine
Authors: Kutelev Gennadiy G. , Cherkashin Dmitry V. , Trishkin Trishkin V. , Kryukov Evgeny V. , Fisun Alexander Y. , Marchenko Marchenko A. , Shulenin Konstantin S. , Krivoruchko Alexander B. , Sobolev Alexey D.
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes modern federal programs aimed at preserving the health and well-being of the population and creating a comfortable and safe environment for life and work. The article describes the arsenal of strategic directions for assessing the risk of developing diseases, diagnostic approaches and scientific principles that contribute to the successful implementation of evaluation measures. The possibility of clarifying the cardiovascular risk in the study of the role of military-professional factors in the formation of cardiovascular pathology in military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is discussed. The article analyzes the effectiveness of traditional diagnostic methods used by the medical service, as well as ways to improve this efficiency when using molecular genetic studies to search for associations with risk factors for neuropsychic and cardiovascular pathology. The article considers the practical necessity of creating a professional reliability management platform based on the principles of personalized medicine, which contributes to prolonging professional longevity and improving the combat readiness of servicemen of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Such a method of implementing the professional reliability management platform will significantly increase the informativeness of traditional methods of early diagnosis of cardiovascular and neuropsychic pathology.
Features of immunopathogenesis of a new coronavirus infection
Authors: Gumilevskiy B Y. , Moskalev Alexander V. , Gumilevskaya Oksana P. , Apcel Vasiliy Y. , Tsygan Vasiliy N.
Published: July 2021

The main biological characteristics of viruses of the Coronaviridae family are presented. The features of the immunopathogenesis of these infections are analyzed. It was found that the structural proteins of the spine, membrane, envelope and nucleocapsid play an important role in the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 infection. They are associated with hyperactivation of neutrophils and monocytes-macrophages, secreting large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This contributes to the development of a cytokine storm and an unfavorable prognosis of the disease. A particularly high risk of developing pneumonia exists against the background of an increase in the production of: macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha, macrophage chemotactic protein, interleukin 8. At the height of infection in some patients, macrophages and dendritic cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 lose their ability to produce type I interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines. On the part of cellular immunity, a significant decrease in the number of CD4+ and CD8+-lymphocytes was noted. Among IgG sub-isotypes, IgG3 antibodies had the highest reactivity, and IgG1 antibodies were less reactive. Antibodies to spike protein with low specificity or low titer do not neutralize the virus and contribute to the contamination of immunocompetent cells via Fc receptors. Low-affinity antibodies or their low levels can contribute to increased cell sensitivity to SARS-CoV-2 and the development of severe forms of COVID-19 disease.
Assessment of the working conditions under exposed to noise and infrason
Authors: Mironov Vasily G. , Khasiev Nikolai D. , Isachenko Vadim S. , Korolevа Ksenia Yu.
Published: July 2021

Currently in healthcare of the Russian Federation created a system of measures to combat the harmful effects of industrial noise on workers. However, the level of specific and nonspecific morbidity rates the effect of industrial noise is not reduced, and the incidence of occupational diseases tends to increase. This is due to several reasons, including a large number of sources of noise, not enough high quality of medical examinations, lack of and low effectiveness of means of individual protection from noise and others. Noise is one of the leading places among the harmful physical factors in the Armed forces of the Russian Federation. Features noise resulting from the operation of military equipment and armament is its high intensity, intermittent nature, the presence in the spectrum of low and infrasonic frequencies. Noise exposure leads to the development of diseases, primarily of the organ of hearing, increase in total morbidity and the reduction of military-professional health. In the normative documents of the military medical service the noise is not identified as a harmful factor leading to the development of occupational diseases that were not fully developed the issues of professional selection and medical examination of noise pathology. System noise control should be comprehensive and include organizational and technical measures, special assessment of working conditions, monitoring of noise sources, the presence and correct application of means of protection against noise professional selection, clinical monitoring, medical examination, treatment and preventive measures. Existing in the Armed forces of the Russian Federation the system of measures for the fight against harmful impact of noise on military personnel requires revision in accordance with the existing state legislative framework.
The possibility of using biomedical cell product in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis
Authors: Sigareva Lidia P. , Kokorina Arina A. , Kondartenko Albina A. , Slizhov Pavel A. , Ekaterina Ekaterina V. , Alexandrov Viktor N. , Solovyov Anton A.
Published: July 2021

The basic principles of rational treatment of glomerulonephritis are considered, based on etiology, clinical manifestations and pathomorphological variants of its different forms. Today it has been established that glomerulonephritis can be primary (the etiology is usually unknown) and secondary, when the disease occurs against the background of concomitant pathology (systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, hepatitis, oncological diseases, chronic viral and bacterial infections). The participation of various pathological, genetic and systemic factors in the development of various forms of glomerulonephritis has been shown. The characteristic clinical picture of manifestations of different forms of the disease and the degree of involvement of different renal structures in them are described. Against the background of the severity of the course and prevalence of various forms of glomerulonephritis, it is especially important to develop therapeutic approaches aimed at the full restoration of kidney function and cure of patients. One of such approaches is the use of biomedical cell products based on allogenic mesenchymal multipotent stromal cells and hematopoietic stromal cells. A number of studies have confirmed that the best results can be achieved with the use of cell products in complex therapies with standard treatment methods (use of cytostatics and steroid anti-inflammatory drugs) and alternative drug approaches (combination of monoclonal antibodies and polyenzyme drugs). At the same time, the use of standard and alternative techniques does not lead to a complete recovery of patients, but only transfers the course of the disease from the exacerbation phase to remission. The relevance of further development of biomedical cell products of allogeneic mesenchymal multipotent bone marrow stromal cells is shown, verification of their safety and efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies.
A new molecular-genetic panel in the algorithm of diagnosis and treatment in patients with tiroid nodules
Authors: Romashchenko Pavel N. , Maistrenko Nicolay A. , Krivolapov Denis S. , Simonova Maria S.
Published: July 2021

The increase in the number of patients with thyroid nodules requires the development of the most effective methods of preoperative diagnosis, allowing timely detection and differentiation of follicular neoplasia and highly differentiated cancer. A comprehensive study was carried out, which made it possible to optimize the diagnosis and choice of therapeutic tactics in patients of this category through the use of a new molecular genetic panel. Results of examination and surgical treatment of 60 patients suffering from benign and malignant thyroid gland formations are analyzed, pre-operative diagnosis of which was supplemented by immunocytochemical and molecular genetic methods of studying cellular material obtained during fine-needle aspiration biopsy. The threshold value of the Galektin-3 expression level for the differential diagnosis of follicular neoplasia in the direction of adenomas or well-differentiated thyroid cancer was determined. The significance of the BRAF V600E gene mutation in the detection of papillary thyroid cancer, the features of its clinical course and the determination of rational surgical tactics was proved. The limit value of the sodium-iodide symporter for predicting the resistance of thyroid cancer to radioactive iodine therapy, which determines the need to expand the scope of surgical intervention, has been established. The place of these molecular genetic markers in the algorithm of diagnosis and treatment in patients with thyroid nodules was determined.
Experimental evaluation of the radiomodifying efficiency of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation in acute x-ray irradiation of mice
Authors: Kokaya Georgy N. , Kokaya Anna A. , Kozyakov Vladimir P. , Zavirsky Aleksander Vladimirovich , Zatsepin Viktor V. , Basharin Vadim A. , Tsygan Vasiliy N. , Mavrenkov Eduard M.
Published: July 2021

It was found that acute exposure to ionizing radiation at doses of 7.5 and 8 Gy leads to the development of bone marrow syndrome of acute radiation sickness in mice. On the 7th day after exposure at doses of 7.5 Gy and 8 Gy, the mortality rate of animals was 66.7%, on the 10th day 83.3 and 86.7%, and by the 14th day it reached 91.7 and 100%, respectively. Prophylactic exposure to electromagnetic radiation from a helium-neon laser modulated with preparations with the tissue of the hypothalamic structures of the brain, spleen and bone marrow of a newborn mouse (P1-4) before X-ray irradiation at doses of 7.5 and 8 Gy contributed to a decrease in the mortality of animals from acute radiation sickness during the first 14 days, which was 28.6 and 50%, respectively. However, with this method of protective action, by the 22nd day after the radiation damage of 7.5 Gy, the mortality rate reached 64.3%, and 8 Gy-90%. On the contrary, with a therapeutic and preventive method of exposure to electromagnetic radiation by a helium-neon laser modulated by drugs with tissue from hypothalamic structures of the brain, spleen and bone marrow of a newborn mouse (R1-4) after a radiation lesion at a dose of 7.5 Gy, the mortality on the 25th day was 23.3%, and 8 Gy 30% and remained at this level for more than 30 days. We believe that the increase in the resistance of mice to ionizing radiation and the different nature of the course of acute radiation sickness with preventive and therapeutic methods of exposure is due to several factors. On the one hand, it is the realization of antihypoxic, antioxidant effects when exposed to electromagnetic radiation modulated by drugs with tissue from hypothalamic structures of the brain, spleen and bone marrow of a newborn mouse. On the other hand, the effect of electromagnetic radiation modulated by the preparation of the bone marrow and spleen of a newborn mouse has a cytoprotective effect on the bone marrow cells of mice with acute radiation sickness. It is also possible that this effect contributes to adequate neuroimmune regulation in the development of acute radiation sickness in mice.
Dynamics of endogenous interferon-alpha and -gamma production under the influence of ingaron therapy in patients with chronic epstein – barr viral infection with chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Rakityanskaya Irina A. , Ryabova Tatyana S. , Kalashnikova Anastasia A. , Manuilov Andrey S. , Bel'skikh Andrey N. , Apchel Andrey V.
Published: July 2021

The influence of antiviral therapy with ingaron on the dynamics of production of interferons and and clinical effects in patients with chronic viral Epstein Barr infection was studied. The study involved 51 patients (33 women and 17 men aged 35,27 1,28 years) suffering from chronic infection caused by the Epstein Barr virus. The duration of the disease from the appearance of the first complaints to laboratory confirmation of the Epstein Barr virus infection and diagnosis was 2,23 0,21 years. Determined the serum, spontaneous and induced production of cytokines interferons and in serum and in the culture of lymphocytes. Three months after the end of antiviral therapy, in patients with an initially low level of induced interferon-, the production of interferon- increased. The absence of an increase in the production of induced interferon- in patients one and three months after the end of therapy with ingaron indicates the absence of the effect of the drug on the level of endogenous interferon-. It has been established that the initially low level of induced interferon- can be a marker of the positive effect of the therapy with ingaron. Correlation analysis revealed the effect of baseline interferon- induced on the clinical picture of the disease. Thus, initially a high level of induced interferon- (2706 1058.94 pg/ml) inversely affects the development of sweating in patients (r = 0.506, p = 0,023; = 0.419, р = 0.021), and initially low level of the induced IFN- (287.2 64.65 pg/ml) on development of weakness (r = 0.405, р = 0.045; = 0.419, р = 0.037). In general, ingarone can be used in the therapy of patients with chronic Epstein virus Bar infection at a dose of 500,000 IU every other day, at least 10 injections.
Contribution of professor Tuviy Yakovlevich Aryev to development of topical issues of thermal trauma. Main research and publications for 1958-1972
Authors: Sokolov Vladimir A. , Mamaeva Svetlana A. , Butrin Yaroslav L. , Gerasimova Alexandra A.
Published: July 2021

The data on the experience of creating the first specialized departments for the treatment of victims of thermal injury in the Soviet Union are presented. Outstanding representatives of military medicine took an active position in this process: I.I. Dzhanelidze, S.S. Girgolav, I.S. Kolesnikov, B.N. Postnikov, T.Ya. Ariev, etc. The topic of their scientific research and publications, as well as of colleagues from various research and medical institutions in our country, indicates that burns and frostbite were a very urgent scientific problem for scientists of that time. However, due to objective reasons, the studies were carried out separately, were often aimed at solving particular problems, and had no confirmation in a clinical setting. The situation changed radically after the creation in 1960 at the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov Department of Thermal Injuries with a clinic for 100 beds. Its first boss was T.Ya. Ariev. A highly qualified scientist, a comprehensively trained surgeon, a teacher with extensive work experience, an experienced methodologist was able to form a team of like-minded people in a short time. Under his leadership and with his direct participation, the department began to solve a wide range of urgent scientific problems associated with thermal injury. This is evidenced by the list of topics and titles of publications that were found in the fundamental library of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov. A careful attitude to the publications of that time is of great educational value for the student cadets, trainees, students and all employees of the academy. Thus, we preserve the memory of those representatives of military medicine who created the history and glory of our academy.
Approaches to antihypertensive therapy in patients predisposed to symptomatic hypotension and syncope
Authors: Barsukov Anton V. , Glukhovskoy Dmitry V. , Emelyanova Kristina E. , Vasilyeva Irina A.
Published: July 2021

The management of a hypertensive patient with a history of syncope is aimed at maintaining a balance between cardiovascular and hypotensive (syncope) risks. The article presents an analysis of the literature data regarding the relationship between these clinical problems, and also draws practical conclusions that allow to ensure the optimal reduction in blood pressure in the interests of preventing cardiovascular diseases without the threat of drug-related hypotension (fainting). Variants of syncope in patients with arterial hypertension are summarized, depending on the association with antihypertensive therapy. There presented an expert opinion on the recommended target level of systolic blood pressure (120 mm Hg) in hypertensive patients under 70 years of age with a low syncope but high cardiovascular risk, as well as the target level of systolic blood pressure (140 mm Hg) in patients with high syncope and low cardiovascular risk or in elderly and / or frail individuals with hypertension. There noted the admissibility of bringing the systolic blood pressure to the target value up to 160 mm Hg in persons with severe frailty or disability. Examples of normal and pathological (hypotensive) patterns of hemodynamic response in persons with hypertension to long-term passive orthostasis obtained during the tilt test and influencing the decision-making on the activity of antihypertensive therapy are given. The importance of an interdisciplinary team approach with the participation of experts in regulatory circulatory disorders and geriatrics, which can significantly improve the quality of management of patients with a combination of hypertension and syncope, is stated.
Immunological aspects of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus damage
Authors: Minnullin Timur I. , Stepanov Alexander V. , Chepur Sergey V. , Ivchenko Evgeny V. , Fateev Ivan V. , Kryukov Evgeniy V. , Tsygan Vasily N.
Published: July 2021

In 2020 the whole world was faced with an epidemiological outbreak caused by a new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The information available to date suggests that the newly isolated SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus should be assigned to superantigens, the main manifestations of which, as it is known, are suppression of nonspecific resistance factors and suppression of innate immunity mechanisms associated with the formation of a systemic inflammatory response in the form of cytokine storm and pathological activation of phagocytes in the lung tissue with its alteration and subsequent fibrosis. In this case, it is quite difficult and sometimes even impossible to observe the formation of fully-fledged specific immune answer on the effect of such antigens. This, along with the high infectious nature of the disease and the associated mortality, requires special attention to the underlying immunopatomechanism(s). Perhaps that is why little information has been obtained regarding the immunogenic properties of the newly isolated SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus so far, as well as, most importantly, about the structures of the virus itself responsible for the formation of specific immunity to it. The latter will serve as the basis for patient management and vaccine development. Nevertheless, a certain point of view on this issue is already beginning to form, as tools for detecting specific antibodies are being actively developed, as well as modern diagnostic tests for coronavirus, which include real-time polymerase chain reaction, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and isothermal amplification mediated by reverse transcription. The presented analysis makes it possible to expand the understanding of the issue concerning the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19, the mechanisms of the onset and development of the disease in a living organism, the formation of an immune response to the new coronavirus, and also to determine the therapeutic tactics of managing patients with severe coronavirus infection. Elucidating the mechanisms of the emergence and development of a new coronavirus infection can help scientists, general practitioners, clinicians, and laboratory physicians respond correctly to the COVID-19 pandemic.
A Ground-Motion Model for the Gulf Coast Region of the United States
Authors: Pezeshk Shahram , Zandieh Arash , Haji-Soltani Alireza
Published: July 2021

In this study, the hybrid empirical method (HEM) was used to develop a new ground-motion model (GMM) for the Gulf Coast of the United States. We used five new empirical GMMs developed by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center for the Next Generation Attenuation-West2 project to estimate ground-motion intensity measures (GMIMs) in the host region. The new GMM is derived for the horizontal peak ground acceleration and response-spectral ordinates at periods ranging from 0.01 to 10 s, moment magnitudes ranging from M 3.5 to 8.0, and rupture distance (RRUP) as far as 1000 km from the site, although the GMMs are the best constrained for RRUP<300–400  km. The predicted GMIMs are for a reference site defined as the Gulf Coast region hard rock with VS30=3000  m/s and κ0=0.006  s, in which VS30 is the time-averaged shear-wave velocity in the top 30 m of the site profile, and κ0 is the total attenuation of the ground motion as it propagates through the site profile. Seismological parameters used to derive the GMIM stochastic estimates in the Gulf Coast target region are adopted from the most recent research and published information for the region. The seismological parameters for the western North America host region are adopted from Zandieh et al. (2017). The proposed GMM is compared with the Pezeshk et al. (2018) model, which is also a HEM approach, and was developed for central North America and excluded the Gulf Coast region to show the differences between the regions.
Casimiro Freire: O Republicanismo e a Instrução Popular
Authors: Marques Alves Luis Alberto
Published: July 2021

A obra sobre Casimiro Freire resgata a figura de um republicano generoso nas ideias, pragmático na sua ação contra o analfabetismo, pioneiro de iniciativas que divulgaram novos métodos (pedagogia João de Deus) e aproximaram a escola das populações (escolas móveis) fomentando o associativismo e a filantropia educativa.
An Amazon Tipping Point: The Economic and Environmental Fallout
Authors: Banerjee Onil , Cicowiez Martin , Macedo Marcia , Malek Žiga , Verburg Peter H. , Goodwin Sean , Vargas Renato , Rattis Ludmila , Brando Paulo M. , Coe Michael T. , Neill Christopher , Damiani Marti Octavio
Published: July 2021

The Amazon biome, despite its resilience, is being pushed by unsustainable economic drivers towards an ecological tipping point where restoration to its previous state may no longer possible. This is the result of self-reinforcing interactions between deforestation, climate change and fire. In this paper, we develop scenarios that represent movement towards an Amazon tipping point and strategies to avert one. We assess the economic, natural capital and ecosystem services impacts of these scenarios using the Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform linked with high resolution spatial land use land cover change and ecosystem services modeling (IEEMESM). This papers main contributions are developing: (i) a framework for evaluating strategies to avert an Amazon tipping point based on their relative costs, benefits and trade-offs, and; (ii) a first approximation of the economic, natural capital and ecosystem services impacts of movement towards an Amazon tipping point, and evidence to build the economic case for strategies to avert it. We find that a conservative estimate of the cumulative regional cost through 2050 of an Amazon tipping point would be US$256.6 billion in Gross Domestic Product. Policies that would contribute to averting a tipping point, including strongly reducing deforestation, investing in climate-adapted agriculture, and improving fire management, would generate approximately US$339.3 billion in additional wealth. From a public investment perspective, the returns to implementing strategies for averting a tipping point would be US$29.5 billion. Quantifying the costs, benefits and trade-offs of policies to avert a tipping point in a transparent and replicable manner can pave the way for evidence-based approaches to support policy action focusing on the design of regional strategies for the Amazon biome and catalyze global cooperation and financing to enable their implementation.
Agricultural Total Factor Productivity and Road Infrastructure in South American Countries
Authors: Neves Mateus C. R. , De Figueiredo Silva Felipe , Freitas Carlos Otávio
Published: July 2021

In this working paper, we estimate agricultural total factor productivity (Ag TFP) for South American countries over the period 19692016 and identify how road density affect technical efficiency. In 2015, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Bolivia, the Andean countries, had 205,000; 166,000; 96,000; 89,000; and 43,000 kilometers of roads, respectively. A poor-quality and limited road network, along with inaccessibility to markets, might limit the ability of farms to efficiently manage production inputs, raising technical inefficiency. We find that the Ag TFP growth rate per year for South American countries, on average, is 1.5%. For the Andean countries, we find an even smaller growth rate per year of 1.4% on average. Our findings suggest that higher road density is associated with lower technical inefficiency.
Role of alternative media in the US 2016 presidential election campaign.
Authors: Yaremov Denis
Published: July 2021

This article examines the phenomenon of modern alternative media being used during US presidential elections in 2016 as a propaganda tool in order to mobilize widespread political support from groups previously considered fringe. It also aims to clearly define terms such as "alternative media" and "new media" in the context of modern political praxis.
UNESCO international activities to protect the cultural heritage of Iraq and Syria in 2015-2017
Authors: Gretskaia Olesia
Published: July 2021

The article focuses on the international activities of UNESCO (2015-2017) to protect the world cultural heritage in Iraq and Syria from the devastating consequences of armed conflicts and terrorist attacks. The author pays special attention to aspects of the Organization's strategy for the prevention of the destruction of World Heritage sites (or their restoration) and the suppress of the illegal trade of cultural property. This strategy includes establishing cooperation with other international organizations and states, and the article gives examples of international contacts on the protection of cultural heritage.
Problems of energy relations beetween Russia and the EU
Authors: Kravchenko Evgeny
Published: July 2021

This article is devoted to the problems of energy dialogue between Russia and the European Union. The work reveals the most pressing problems of bilateral energy relations between Russia and the EU, assessed the prospects for their solution and identified scenarios for development over the next 30 years. The article is mostly based on fresh statistics in the energy sector. The author identifies the internal and external factors of the current state of EU energy security. Will the energy relations between Russia and the EU develop in terms of interdependence? Is the European market so promising for Russia? Is the policy of diversification of energy supplies to the EU effective? The author tries to answer all these and many other questions in tlis article.
Expectations Oczekiwania małżonków wobec duszpasterskiego wsparcia miłości małżeńskiej
Authors: Korgul Grzegorz
Published: July 2021

Sakrament małżeństwa wpisuje się w naturalne dążenie do miłości przez mężczyznę i kobietę. Małżonkowie otrzymują w nim wsparcie od samego Boga. Zadaniem duszpasterzy jak i całej wspólnoty kościelnej jest umacnianie małżonków w ich sakramentalnej miłości. Proces ten nazywamy towarzyszeniem duszpasterskim. Przeprowadzone badania wskazały, iż wpływ na wzrost oczekiwań w umacnianiu miłości małżeńskiej ma stosunek małżonków do wiary, przynależność do grup i zrzeszeń oraz długość stażu małżeńskiego. Wyzwaniem duszpasterskim jest umacnianie wiary małżonków, angażowanie coraz więcej par w przynależność do grup i zrzeszeń oraz troska o małżeństwa z krótszym stażem.