bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survival time analysis of remaining teeth following replacement of unilateral free‐end missing teeth: A comparison between fixed implant‐supported prostheses and removable partial dentures
Authors: Tsujioka Yoshitaka , Mameno Tomoaki , Akema Suzuna , Hasegawa Daisuke , Okada Yoshie , Seto Eri , Gonda Tomoya , Yang Tsung‐Chieh , Wada Masahiro , Ikebe Kazunori
Published: February 2024

Objectives

This retrospective study aimed to investigate the differences in tooth loss rate between fixed implant‐supported prostheses (FISPs) and removable partial dentures (RPDs) in cases of unilateral free‐end missing teeth.

Materials and Methods

The data of 324 patients who underwent treatment with FISPs or RPDs for unilateral free‐end missing teeth and satisfied the applicable criteria, were evaluated (47 in the FISPs group and 277 in the RPDs group). After propensity score (PS) matching, which was used to extract patients with similar background factors related to prosthetic selection at baseline, survival time analyses were performed with tooth loss as the endpoint. The adjusted variables were age, sex, number of restored teeth, periodontal status, and the practicing dentist's experience in years. The remaining teeth were classified into subcategories in relation to the missing molars.

Results

Overall, 58 patients (29 in each group) selected by PS matching were evaluated in the final analysis. The total number of lost teeth was 35 (FISPs group: n = 10; RPDs group: n = 25). The mean (±SD) period to tooth loss and the 10‐year survival rates in the FISPs and RPDs groups were 51.6 (±30.1) months and 42.3 (±29.7) months, 70.5% and 16.4%, respectively. The log‐rank test showed that significantly longer survival time in FISPs compared with RPDs.

Conclusions

After adjustments for confounding factors using PS matching, replacing unilateral free‐end missing teeth with FISPs may exhibit a lower tooth loss rate in adjacent and contralateral teeth compared to replacing with RPDs.
A critical size volumetric muscle loss model in mouse masseter with impaired mastication on nutrition
Authors: Zhao Ning , Huang Yixuan , Cheng Xu , Xie Li , Xiao Wenlin , Shi Bing , Li Jingtao
Published: February 2024

Orofacial muscle defect due to congenital anomalies, tumour ablation or traumatic accident that exceeds endogenous regeneration capacity may lead to sustained deficits in masticatory function and nutrition intake. Functional recovery has always been the goal of muscle tissue repair, but currently, there is no suitable model for quantitative analyses of either functional consequences or treatment efficacy of orofacial muscle defect. This study proposed a critical size volumetric muscle loss (VML) model in mouse masseter with impaired mastication on nutrition. Full‐thickness VML defects in diameter of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 mm were generated in the centre of the mouse masseter using a biopsy punch to determine the critical size for functional impairment. In the VML region, myogenesis was dampened but fibrogenesis was activated, as long with a reduction in the density of the neuromuscular junction and an increase in vascular density. Accordingly, persistent fibrosis was observed in the centre region of VML in all diameters. The 2.0 mm diameter was the critical threshold to masticatory function impairment after VML in the masseter. VML of 3.0 mm diameter led to a significant impact on nutrition intake and body weight gain. Autologous muscle graft effectively relieved the fibrosis and functional deficit after VML injury in the masseter. This model serves as a reliable tool in studying functional recovery strategies for orofacial muscle defects.
Intimate Extractions: Demand Dowry and Neoliberal Development in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Gardner Katy
Published: February 2024

Based on qualitative research on marital problems in Dhaka, this article uses the term ‘intimate extractions’ as a lens to explain the relationship between escalating levels of demand dowry and neoliberal development in Bangladesh. Evidence from across Bangladesh shows that demands for cash made by husbands, accompanied by threats of violence or divorce, are on the rise. Building on gendered theories of contemporary capitalist development and feminist analysis of microcredit, the article argues that demand dowry should be understood within the current context of rapid economic development in Bangladesh. High levels of precarity, lack of state welfare and the need for cash for businesses, labour migration, education and healthcare mean that people from all social classes are in perpetual need of money. Marriage problems and the practice of demand dowry present opportunities for husbands to extract money from wives and their families. Embedded in the intimate relationship of marriage, demand dowry can therefore be understood as a ‘conversion’, a process in which intimate relationships are converted into projects of capital accumulation, thus becoming an ‘intimate extraction’.
The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD) guidelines for prevention of traumatic dental injuries: Part 5: Secondary prevention of dental injuries
Authors: Tewari Nitesh , Abbott Paul V. , O'Connell Anne C. , Mills Stephen C. , Stasiuk Hans , Roettger Mark , Levin Liran
Published: February 2024

The Guidelines for Prevention of Traumatic Dental Injuries were reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD).
Identification of keystone taxa in root canals and periapical lesions of post‐treatment endodontic infections: Next generation microbiome research
Authors: Arias‐Moliz Maria Teresa , Pérez‐Carrasco Virginia , Uroz‐Torres David , Santana Ramos Jose Domingo , García‐Salcedo Jose Antonio , Soriano Miguel
Published: February 2024

Aim

The aim of this study was to analyse and compare the microbiome present in root canals and periapical lesions of teeth with post‐treatment infections, and to identify the presence of keystone taxa in both habitats using next‐generation sequencing analysis.

Methodology

Apices and periapical lesions of patients with post‐treatment apical periodontitis were surgically extracted. Specimens were cryo‐pulverized, bacterial DNA was extracted, and the V3–V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced using the Illumina Miseq platform. Bioinformatic analysis was carried out with Mothur software, whilst diversity indices were obtained using operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The diversity indices were compared with the Kruskal–Wallis test, and community composition differences were explored with Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA). A bacterial functional study was performed with the Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) analysis. Co‐occurrence network analyses were performed using the Sparse Correlations for Compositional data (SparCC). Eigencentrality, clr‐based abundance and ubiquitousness were applied to infer keystone taxa. P values <.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

Thirty‐two apices and thirty‐nine periapical lesions were sequenced and analysed. A similar alpha‐diversity (p < .05) and community composition (p = .91) was observed for apices and lesion samples. The most abundant OTUs identified amongst all samples included Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella loescheii, Streptococcus intermedius, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Parvimonas micra, Synergistetes bacterium, Tannerella forsythia and Peptostreptococcus stomatis. The metabolic pathways with >0.81% abundances included membrane transport, genetic information processing and metabolic pathways. F. nucleatum was identified as a keystone taxon as it showed ubiquitousness, an eigenvector centrality value of 0.83 and a clr‐based abundance >4.

Conclusions

The microbiome in apices and periapical lesions of post‐treatment endodontic infections showed a similar diversity and taxonomic composition. Co‐occurrence network analyses at OTU level identified F. nucleatum as a keystone taxon candidate in these infections.
Connectedness between sustainable exchanged‐traded funds in the presence of the Ukrainian war: Does political risk matter?
Authors: Gabriel Vítor , Pinho Carlos
Published: February 2024

This paper analyses the connectivity between geopolitical risk (GPR) and several segments of exchanged‐traded funds, aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in order to understand the implications of risk associated with wars, political tensions and terrorist acts in the dynamics generated by this type of asset. We studied the behaviour of assets representative of 6 SDGs and 2 GPR indices, over a period of approximately 14 and a half years, characterized by several market phases, with special emphasis on the pandemic crisis and the war in Ukraine. Resorting to dynamic analysis, based on several multivariate models, it was possible to identify spillover effects in phases corresponding to turbulence in financial markets, in particular in the downward movements of prices of sustainable assets, generated from the geopolitical threat index. The results obtained are relevant for understanding the effect of GPR on sustainable investment, being of interest to various market actors.
Behavioural activation for depressive symptoms in adults with severe to profound intellectual disabilities: Modelling and initial feasibility study
Authors: Gillooly Amanda , Dagnan Dave , Hastings Richard , Hatton Chris , McMeekin Nicola , Baines Susie , Cooper S.‐A. , Crawford Lucy , Gillespie David , Miller Jenny , Jahoda Andrew
Published: February 2024

Background

Almost no research has been published reporting on evaluations of the effectiveness of psychological interventions for people with severe to profound intellectual disabilities and depression. This paper describes the development and initial feasibility testing of an adapted Behavioural Activation therapy (BeatIt2) for this population.

Method

Phase 1 of the study examined participant recruitment and willingness to be randomised in the context of a planned Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT). Phase 2 examined the feasibility of delivering the intervention.

Results

Twenty adults with a severe or profound intellectual disability and clinically significant depression were recruited to Phase 1 of the study. In Phase 2, there was 100% participant retention for those recruited to the study at 6‐month follow‐up. The BeatIt2 therapy was reported to be acceptable for participants.

Conclusion

COVID disruption meant that it was not possible to complete the planned feasibility RCT. The positive findings suggest that additional evaluation of BeatIt2 is warranted.
Shades of support: An empirical assessment of D&I policy support in organizations
Authors: Jansen Wiebren S. , van der Toorn Jojanneke , Bokern Yonn N. A. , Ellemers Naomi
Published: February 2024

In this research, we aim to develop a better understanding of the different ways in which employees can advance or resist the diversity and inclusion (D&I) policies implemented by their organization. To this end, we complement prior work by distinguishing between employees' attitudinal and behavioral opposition versus support for D&I policies. We combine these to distinguish different combinations of attitudinal and behavioral responses that characterize specific groups of employees, which we label opponents, bystanders, reluctants, and champions. In a large‐scale survey study conducted among employees from seven organizations located in the Netherlands (n = 2913), we find empirical support for the validity of this taxonomy and its value in understanding the likelihood that employees advance or resist D&I policies. Furthermore, we find more convergence between attitudinal and behavioral support when employees perceive a more positive climate for inclusion. Together, these results advance existing scholarly work by providing both a theoretical account of and empirical evidence for the different ways in which D&I policies may find support or resistance from employees. In addition, our work offer practitioners a practical tool to examine the likelihood that D&I policies meet support or opposition from their employees and therefore enables them to design and implement more effective D&I interventions.
Profiling amyloid‐β peptides as biomarkers for cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Authors: van den Berg Emma , Kersten Iris , Brinkmalm Gunnar , Johansson Kjell , de Kort Anna M. , Klijn Catharina J. M. , Schreuder Floris H. B. M. , Gobom Johan , Stoops Erik , Portelius Erik , Gkanatsiou Eleni , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Kuiperij H. Bea , Verbeek Marcel M.
Published: February 2024

Brain amyloid‐β (Aβ) deposits are key pathological hallmarks of both cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microvascular deposits in CAA mainly consist of the Aβ40 peptide, whereas Aβ42 is the predominant variant in parenchymal plaques in AD. The relevance in pathogenesis and diagnostic accuracy of various other Aβ isoforms in CAA remain understudied. We aimed to investigate the biomarker potential of various Aβ isoforms in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to differentiate CAA from AD pathology. We included 25 patients with probable CAA, 50 subjects with a CSF profile indicative of AD pathology (AD‐like), and 23 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. CSF levels of Aβ1‐34, Aβ1‐37, Aβ1‐38, Aβ1‐39, Aβ1‐40, and Aβ1‐42 were quantified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Lower CSF levels of all six Aβ peptides were observed in CAA patients compared with controls (p = 0.0005–0.03). Except for Aβ1‐42 (p = 1.0), all peptides were decreased in CAA compared with AD‐like subjects (p = 0.007–0.03). Besides Aβ1‐42, none of the Aβ peptides were decreased in AD‐like subjects compared with controls. All Aβ peptides combined differentiated CAA from AD‐like subjects better (area under the curve [AUC] 0.84) than individual peptide levels (AUC 0.51–0.75). Without Aβ1‐42 in the model (since decreased Aβ1‐42 served as AD‐like selection criterion), the AUC was 0.78 for distinguishing CAA from AD‐like subjects. CAA patients and AD‐like subjects showed distinct disease‐specific CSF Aβ profiles. Peptides shorter than Aβ1‐42 were decreased in CAA patients, but not AD‐like subjects, which could suggest different pathological mechanisms between vascular and parenchymal Aβ accumulation. This study supports the potential use of this panel of CSF Aβ peptides to indicate presence of CAA pathology with high accuracy.

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Rules without regulation and regulation without rules
Authors: Lorini Giuseppe , Moroni Stefano
Published: February 2024

In everyday discourse, and also in the academic literature, the expressions “regulatory interventions” (i.e. interventions intended to regulate behaviours) and “normative interventions” (i.e. interventions which set norms/rules) are usually assumed to be synonymous. From this perspective, any regulatory intervention is also normative, and vice versa. This article investigates the relationship between regulation and rules/norms in order to verify whether the “regulatory” and the “normative” aspects are intrinsically and essentially connected, as is usually thought (on the assumption that there is no regulation without rules and no rules without regulation).
Automated echocardiographic left ventricular dimension assessment in dogs using artificial intelligence: Development and validation
Authors: Stowell Catherine C. , Kallassy Valeria , Lane Beth , Abbott Jonathan , Borgeat Kieran , Connolly David , Domenech Oriol , Dukes‐McEwan Joanna , Ferasin Luca , Del Palacio Josefa Fernández , Linney Chris , Matos Jose Novo , Spalla Ilaria , Summerfield Nuala , Vezzosi Tommaso , Howard James P. , Shun‐Shin Matthew J. , Francis Darrel P. , Fuentes Virginia Luis
Published: February 2024

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) could improve accuracy and reproducibility of echocardiographic measurements in dogs.

Hypothesis

A neural network can be trained to measure echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) linear dimensions in dogs.

Animals

Training dataset: 1398 frames from 461 canine echocardiograms from a single specialist center. Validation: 50 additional echocardiograms from the same center.

Methods

Training dataset: a right parasternal 4‐chamber long axis frame from each study, labeled by 1 of 18 echocardiographers, marking anterior and posterior points of the septum and free wall.

Validation Dataset

End‐diastolic and end‐systolic frames from 50 studies, annotated twice (blindly) by 13 experts, producing 26 measurements of each site from each frame. The neural network also made these measurements. We quantified its accuracy as the deviation from the expert consensus, using the individual‐expert deviation from consensus as context for acceptable variation. The deviation of the AI measurement away from the expert consensus was assessed on each individual frame and compared with the root‐mean‐square‐variation of the individual expert opinions away from that consensus.

Results

For the septum in end‐diastole, individual expert opinions deviated by 0.12 cm from the consensus, while the AI deviated by 0.11 cm (P = .61). For LVD, the corresponding values were 0.20 cm for experts and 0.13 cm for AI (P = .65); for the free wall, experts 0.20 cm, AI 0.13 cm (P < .01). In end‐systole, there were no differences between individual expert and AI performances.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

An artificial intelligence network can be trained to adequately measure linear LV dimensions, with performance indistinguishable from that of experts.
Screening for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children and adolescents with obesity: A scoping review of national and international pediatric obesity and pediatric OSA management guidelines
Authors: Ng Nicholas Beng Hui , Lim Carey Yun Shan , Tan Sarah Caellainn Hui Lin , Foo Yu Wah , Tok Chanel Li Xuan , Lim Yvonne Yijuan , Goh Daniel Yam Thiam , Loke Kah Yin , Lee Yung Seng
Published: February 2024

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent complication that affects up to 60% of children and adolescents with obesity. It is associated with poorer cardiometabolic outcomes and neurocognitive deficits. Appropriate screening and intervention for OSA are crucial in the management of children with obesity. We performed a scoping review of international and national pediatric obesity (n = 30) and pediatric OSA (n = 10) management guidelines to evaluate the recommendations on OSA screening in pediatric obesity. Sixteen (53%) of the pediatric obesity guidelines had incorporated OSA screening to varying extents, with no consistent recommendations on when and how to screen for OSA, and subsequent management of OSA in children with obesity. We provide our recommendations that are based on the strength and certainty of evidence presented. These include a clinical‐based screening for OSA in all children with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 85th percentile or those with rapid BMI gain (upward crossing of 2 BMI percentiles) and the use of overnight polysomnography to confirm the diagnosis of OSA in those with high clinical suspicion. We discuss further management of OSA unique to children with obesity. An appropriate screening strategy for OSA would facilitate timely intervention that has been shown to improve cardiometabolic and neurocognitive outcomes.
Impact of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis on periodontal disease: A review
Authors: Petit Catherine , Culshaw Shauna , Weiger Roland , Huck Olivier , Sahrmann Philipp
Published: February 2024

Background

Numerous studies support a bidirectional association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic autoimmune degenerative inflammatory joint disease, and periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the immune reaction to bacteria organized in biofilms. RA and periodontitis are both multifactorial chronic inflammatory diseases that share common modifiable and non‐modifiable risk factors. There is no cure for RA; treatment is based on lifestyle modifications and a variety of medications: nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID), glucocorticoids, and disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs, e.g., conventional synthetic DMARDs [csDMARDs]; biological DMARDs [bDMARD] and targeted synthetic DMARDs). There are molecular pathways of inflammation that are common to both RA and periodontitis. Thus, there is a potential effect of RA treatments on periodontitis. This systematic review aims to assess the impact of antirheumatic agents on periodontal conditions of patients suffering from both RA and periodontitis.

Methods

PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Embase online databases were systematically explored, and a manual search was performed to identify relevant studies published until January 2023. This review is registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42023409006).

Results

A total of 2827 articles were identified, and 35 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The included studies generally show a consensus that, at normal dosage, NSAID and corticosteroids have negligible impact on periodontium. Similarly, csDMARD alone or in combination with other csDMARD demonstrated no adverse effect on periodontium. Monotherapy with bDMARD had a positive effect on periodontal pocket depths and gingival inflammation in the longitudinal studies up to 6 months but showed negligible effect on the periodontium in interventional studies with a longer follow‐up (9 months and 15.1 months). However, the combination of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α inhibitors + methotrexate (MTX) was associated with a rise in gingival inflammation. Due to the considerable heterogeneity of the study designs, a meta‐analysis could not reasonably be performed.

Conclusion

Within the limitations of the available studies, there is evidence to suggest that bDMARD monotherapy may improve the periodontal condition of RA patients with periodontal disease to a certain extent; the concomitant medication of TNF inhibitor + MTX could worsen gingival inflammation. More data are required to understand the impact of RA therapies on periodontal health.
Review: Are moles senescent?
Authors: Bennett Dorothy C.
Published: February 2024

Melanocytic nevi (skin moles) have been regarded as a valuable example of cell senescence occurring in vivo. However, a study of induced nevi in a mouse model reported that the nevi were arrested by cell interactions rather than a cell‐autonomous process like senescence, and that size distributions of cell nests within nevi could not be accounted for by a stochastic model of oncogene‐induced senescence. Moreover, others reported that some molecular markers used to identify cell senescence in human nevi are also found in melanoma cells—not senescent. It has thus been questioned whether nevi really are senescent, with potential implications for melanoma diagnosis and therapy. Here I review these areas, along with the genetic, biological, and molecular evidence supporting senescence in nevi. In conclusion, there is strong evidence that cells of acquired human benign (banal) nevi are very largely senescent, though some must contain a minor non‐senescent cell subpopulation. There is also persuasive evidence that this senescence is primarily induced by dysfunctional telomeres rather than directly oncogene‐induced.
Eviction and the Rental Housing Crisis in Rural America☆
Authors: Gershenson Carl , Desmond Matthew
Published: February 2024

Evictions are commonplace in the United States, and their negative consequences are broad and severe. However, research on evictions to date has focused primarily on urban areas, and thus has not addressed the impact evictions have on rural renters. This paper offers the first comprehensive analysis of evictions in rural communities, where the number of renters has been increasing in recent decades. We use Eviction Lab's national eviction database to study the approximately 220,000 evictions filed in rural counties each year. While the majority of rural evictions affect families with a white head of household (57 percent in 2010), eviction filing rates are four times higher among rural Black renters than among rural white renters. Eviction filing rates are highest in heavily Black counties in the rural southeast. While eviction filings are somewhat lower in rural majority‐Hispanic counties, these communities experience low‐quality informal housing and overcrowding. Eviction rates are also higher in rural counties with higher rent burdens and where more households include children.
Origin, evolution and significance of giant buried sediment mounds near the Sahara Slide Complex, North‐west African margin
Authors: Li Wei , Krastel Sebastian , Alves Tiago M. , Jing Song , Rebesco Michele , Gross Felix , Urlaub Morelia , Georgiopoulou Aggeliki
Published: February 2024

Mixed turbidite–contourite depositional systems result from interactions between down‐slope turbidity currents and along‐slope bottom currents, comprising excellent records of past oceanographic currents. Modern and ancient systems have been widely documented along the continental margins of the Atlantic Ocean. Yet, few examples have so far been identified on the North‐west African continental margin, limiting understanding of the sedimentary and palaeoceanographic evolution in this area. This work uses two‐dimensional seismic reflection profiles to report, for the first time, the presence of three giant sediment mounds beneath the headwall region of the Sahara Slide Complex. The sediment mounds are elongated and separated by two broad canyons, showing a north‐west/south‐east orientation that is roughly perpendicular to the continental margin. These mounds are 24 to 37 km long and 12 to 17 km wide, reaching a maximum height of ca 1000 m. Numerous slide scarps are observed within and along the flanks of the mounds, hinting at the occurrence of submarine landslides during their development. Based on their geometries, external shapes, internal seismic architecture and stratigraphic stacking patterns, it is proposed that these sediment mounds comprise down‐slope elongated mounded drifts formed in a mixed turbidite–contourite system during four evolutionary stages: onset, growth, maintenance and burial. The significance of this work is that it demonstrates the gradual transition from a turbidite system to a full mixed turbidite–contourite system to be associated, in the study area, with the establishment of strong ocean currents along north‐west Africa.
Transient efflux inhibition improves plant regeneration by natural auxins
Authors: Karami Omid , Khadem Azadeh , Rahimi Arezoo , Zagari Nicola , Aigner Simon , Offringa Remko
Published: February 2024

Plant genome editing and propagation are important tools in crop breeding and production. Both rely heavily on the development of efficient in vitro plant regeneration systems. Two prominent regeneration systems that are widely employed in crop production are somatic embryogenesis (SE) and de novo shoot regeneration. In many of the protocols for SE or shoot regeneration, explants are treated with the synthetic auxin analog 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D), since natural auxins, such as indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) or 4‐chloroindole‐3‐acetic acid (4‐Cl‐IAA), are less effective or even fail to induce regeneration. Based on previous reports that 2,4‐D, compared to endogenous auxins, is not effectively exported from plant cells, we investigated whether efflux inhibition of endogenous auxins could convert these auxins into efficient inducers of SE in Arabidopsis immature zygotic embryos (IZEs). We show that natural auxins and synthetic analogs thereof become efficient inducers of SE when their efflux is transiently inhibited by co‐application of the auxin transport inhibitor naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). Moreover, IZEs of auxin efflux mutants pin2 or abcb1 abcb19 show enhanced SE efficiency when treated with IAA or efflux‐inhibited IAA, confirming that auxin efflux reduces the efficiency of Arabidopsis SE. Importantly, in contrast to the 2,4‐D system, where only 50–60% of the embryos converted to seedlings, all SEs induced by transport‐inhibited natural auxins converted to seedlings. Efflux‐inhibited IAA, like 2,4‐D, also efficiently induced SE from carrot suspension cells, whereas IAA alone could not, and efflux‐inhibited 4‐Cl‐IAA significantly improved de novo shoot regeneration in Brassica napus. Our data provides new insights into the action of 2,4‐D as an efficient inducer of plant regeneration but also shows that replacing this synthetic auxin for efflux‐inhibited natural auxin significantly improves different types of plant regeneration, leading to a more synchronized and homogenous development of the regenerated plants.
Dorsal‐to‐palmar branch neuroanastomosis in horses undergoing palmar digital neurectomy does not reduce neuroma formation or improve outcome
Authors: Whisenant Katrijn D. , Foucaud Mathieu , Mariën Tom , Levine David , Richardson Dean W. , Stefanovski Darko , Scherrer Nicole M. , Engiles Julie B. , Ortved Kyla
Published: February 2024

Objective

Chronic foot pain, a common cause of forelimb lameness, can be treated by palmar digital neurectomy (PDN). Complications include neuroma formation and lameness recurrence. In humans, neuroanastomoses are performed to prevent neuroma formation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcome of horses undergoing dorsal‐to‐palmar branch neuroanastomosis following PDN.

Study design

Retrospective case series.

Animals

Eighty‐five horses with PDN and dorsal‐to‐palmar branch neuroanastomosis.

Methods

Medical records for horses undergoing this procedure at two hospitals between 2015 and 2020 were reviewed. Palmar and dorsal nerve branches of the PDN were transected and end‐to‐end neuroanastomosis was performed by apposition of the perineurium. Follow‐up was obtained from medical records and telephone interviews. Success was defined as resolution of lameness for at least one year.

Results

Lameness resolved following surgery in 81/85 (95%) horses with 57/84 (68%) sound at one year. Postoperative complications occurred in 19/85 (22%) cases. The main limitations of the study were an incomplete data set, inaccurate owner recall, and variations in procedure.

Conclusion

Compared to previous studies, this technique resulted in similar numbers of horses sound immediately after surgery, a comparable rate of postoperative neuroma formation but a higher recurrence of lameness rate at 1 year postoperatively.

Clinical significance

End‐to‐end neuroanastomosis of the dorsal and palmar branches of the PDN does not reduce the rate of neuroma formation in horses. Long‐term outcome was less favorable compared to previously reported PDN techniques.
Personalized depth‐specific neuromodulation of the human primary motor cortex via ultrasound
Authors: Bao Shancheng , Kim Hakjoo , Shettigar Nandan B. , Li Yue , Lei Yuming
Published: February 2024

Non‐invasive brain stimulation has the potential to boost neuronal plasticity in the primary motor cortex (M1), but it remains unclear whether the stimulation of both superficial and deep layers of the human motor cortex can effectively promote M1 plasticity. Here, we leveraged transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) to precisely target M1 circuits at depths of approximately 5 mm and 16 mm from the cortical surface. Initially, we generated computed tomography images from each participant's individual anatomical magnetic resonance images (MRI), which allowed for the generation of accurate acoustic simulations. This process ensured that personalized TUS was administered exactly to the targeted depths within M1 for each participant. Using long‐term depression and long‐term potentiation (LTD/LTP) theta‐burst stimulation paradigms, we examined whether TUS over distinct depths of M1 could induce LTD/LTP plasticity. Our findings indicated that continuous theta‐burst TUS‐induced LTD‐like plasticity with both superficial and deep M1 stimulation, persisting for at least 30 min. In comparison, sham TUS did not significantly alter M1 excitability. Moreover, intermittent theta‐burst TUS did not result in the induction of LTP‐ or LTD‐like plasticity with either superficial or deep M1 stimulation. These findings suggest that the induction of M1 plasticity can be achieved with ultrasound stimulation targeting distinct depths of M1, which is contingent on the characteristics of TUS.

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Key points

The study integrated personalized transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) with electrophysiology to determine whether TUS targeting superficial and deep layers of the human motor cortex (M1) could elicit long‐term depression (LTD) or long‐term potentiation (LTP) plastic changes.

Utilizing acoustic simulations derived from individualized pseudo‐computed tomography scans, we ensured the precision of TUS delivery to the intended M1 depths for each participant.

Continuous theta‐burst TUS targeting both the superficial and deep layers of M1 resulted in the emergence of LTD‐like plasticity, lasting for at least 30 min.

Administering intermittent theta‐burst TUS to both the superficial and deep layers of M1 did not lead to the induction of LTP‐ or LTD‐like plastic changes.

We suggest that theta‐burst TUS targeting distinct depths of M1 can induce plasticity, but this effect is dependent on specific TUS parameters.
Economic and Performance Analysis of Modified Solar Distillation System Coupling Different Integrations Using Carbon Quantum Dot Nanoparticles: Generalized Thermal Model
Authors: Das Supreeti , Agarwal Pritwish , Sahota Lovedeep , Meena Yogesh Kumar , Singh Manoj , Gill Baljit Singh
Published: February 2024

Clean drinking water and electricity production utilizing non-conventional sources of energy is the global demand for sustainable development. Ultrafast heat transfer fluids have delivered impressive results in photovoltaic (PV)-integrated solar thermal systems, in recent times. Efforts have been made for the productivity and electricity augmentation of solar still equipped with helically coilled heat exchanger and coupled with different integrations, viz., (a) partially covered N-photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator (N-PVT-CPC), (b) partially covered N-photovoltaic thermal flat plate collector (N-PVT-FPC), (c) N-FPC-CPC, and (d) N-flat plate collector (N-FPC). System design has also been modified by adding a roof-top semi-transparent PV module and built-in passive copper condenser (circulation mode), and effect of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) water-based nanofluids, nanoparticles volume concentration, and packing factor (βc) of the PV module has been studied by developing generalized thermal modeling of the system (special cases). Overall, 41.1%, 21.52%, 22.01%, and 10.01% rise in evaporative HTCs is observed in FPC-CPC, PVT-CPC, FPC, and PVT-FPC integrations, respectively. Thermal exergy is found to be higher for FPC-CPC integration, and it follows the enhancement order as FPC-CPC (max-0.147 kW) > PVT-CPC (0.088 kW) > FPC (0.038 kW) > PVT-FPC (0.028 kW). In reference to the base fluid, significant enhancement in the daily productivity is observed for FPC-CPC (10.9%) and PVT-CPC (5.16%) integrations using CQD-NPs. The production cost of potable water has also been estimated for all the cases for n = 30 and n = 50 years life span and i = 4% and 8% interest rates, and it is found to be the lowest (0.014 $/L) for FPC-CPC integration using CQD-NPs (n = 30 years, i = 4%).
Molybdenum erosion in iodine plasma at hollow cathode conditions
Authors: Rogers James D. , Branam Richard D.
Published: February 2024

In this study, the authors investigate the erosive effects of iodine plasma on molybdenum. By exposing molybdenum samples to three different test cases of iodine vapor, iodine plasma, and argon plasma, the plasma enhancement of erosion was characterized. A roughly exponential behavior with respect to temperature was found in iodine plasma at hollow cathode conditions and erosion rates as high as 70.1 ± 7.7 μm/h. Despite an oxygen content of <1%, evidence of oxidation was found in all test cases. Behavior consistent with preferential oxidation based on grain orientation was found in the iodine test cases.
Auditory free classification of gender diverse speakers
Authors: Merritt Brooke , Bent Tessa , Kilgore Rowan , Eads Cameron
Published: February 2024

Auditory attribution of speaker gender has historically been assumed to operate within a binary framework. The prevalence of gender diversity and its associated sociophonetic variability motivates an examination of how listeners perceptually represent these diverse voices. Utterances from 30 transgender (1 agender individual, 15 non-binary individuals, 7 transgender men, and 7 transgender women) and 30 cisgender (15 men and 15 women) speakers were used in an auditory free classification paradigm, in which cisgender listeners classified the speakers on perceived general similarity and gender identity. Multidimensional scaling of listeners' classifications revealed two-dimensional solutions as the best fit for general similarity classifications. The first dimension was interpreted as masculinity/femininity, where listeners organized speakers from high to low fundamental frequency and first formant frequency. The second was interpreted as gender prototypicality, where listeners separated speakers with fundamental frequency and first formant frequency at upper and lower extreme values from more intermediate values. Listeners' classifications for gender identity collapsed into a one-dimensional space interpreted as masculinity/femininity. Results suggest that listeners engage in fine-grained analysis of speaker gender that cannot be adequately captured by a gender dichotomy. Further, varying terminology used in instructions may bias listeners' gender judgements.
Grid-free algorithms for direction-of-arrival trajectory localization
Authors: Pandey Ruchi , Nannuru Santosh
Published: February 2024

Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms are crucial in localizing acoustic sources. Traditional localization methods rely on block-level processing to extract the directional information from multiple measurements processed together. However, these methods assume that DOA remains constant throughout the block, which may not be true in practical scenarios. Also, the performance of localization methods is limited when the true parameters do not lie on the parameter search grid. In this paper, two trajectory models are proposed, namely the polynomial and harmonic trajectory models, to capture the DOA dynamics. To estimate trajectory parameters, two gridless algorithms are adopted: (i) Sliding Frank–Wolfe (SFW), which solves the Beurling LASSO problem, and (ii) Newtonized orthogonal matching pursuit (NOMP), which is improved over orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) using cyclic refinement. Furthermore, our analysis is extended to include multi-frequency processing. The proposed models and algorithms are validated using both simulated and real-world data. The results indicate that the proposed trajectory localization algorithms exhibit improved performance compared to grid-based methods in terms of resolution, robustness to noise, and computational efficiency.
Impact of Occupational Socialization on South Korean Physical Education Teachers’ Interpretation and Delivery of the Hanaro Teaching Model
Authors: Baek Seungsoo , Curtner-Smith Matthew D.
Published: February 2024

Purpose: To determine the impact of occupational socialization on eight South Korean teachers’ interpretation and delivery of the Hanaro Teaching (HT) model. Method: Data were collected through formal interviews, film of teachers employing HT, document analysis, reflective journaling, and the critical incident technique. They were analyzed using analytic induction and constant comparison. Findings: The teachers interpreted and delivered the HT model in four different ways. These were the full and full+ versions of the model, watered down, and taking a cafeteria approach. The organizational socialization phase was key in shaping how the teachers delivered the model. The teachers’ acculturation and professional socialization were mainly supplemental. Conclusions: The fact that seven of the teachers employed HT without any formal training suggests that the model was fairly easy to learn. Specific training in undergraduate physical education teacher education, however, could lead to more teachers employing the full and full+ versions of the model.
Force-triggered hypso- and bathochromic bidirectional fluorescence switching beyond 120 nm and its anticounterfeiting applications
Authors: Yin Ya , Guan Qichen , Chen Zhao , Deng Dian-dian , Liu Shanting , Sun Yue , Liu Sheng Hua
Published: February 2024

Achieving high-contrast tricolor emissive regulation of a single-component molecule using a single type of external stimulus is highly desirable but challenging. In the present study, we report a symmetric acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A)–type aggregation-induced emission-active luminogen, which displays a sequential high-contrast fluorescence switching just by anisotropic mechanical grinding. Specifically, upon light grinding, an orange–yellow-to-blue hypsochromic mechanofluorochromic response with a distinct color contrast (change in the maximum emission wavelength, Δλ
em,max
= 122 nm) is noticed, and the slightly ground solid exhibits a blue-to-red high-contrast (Δλ
em,max
= 185 nm) bathochromic mechanofluorochromic conversion upon vigorous grinding. Thus, using a single luminogen developed here, we can realize wide-range (Δλ
em,max
> 100 nm) hypso- and bathochromic fluorescence mechanochromisms simultaneously. The tricolored mechanofluorochromic phenomenon is attributed to two different morphological transitions involving crystalline-to-crystalline and crystalline-to-amorphous states. Furthermore, three information anticounterfeiting systems are developed using the luminogen presented here.
Decoding the autoantibody reactome
Authors: Jaycox Jillian R. , Dai Yile , Ring Aaron M.
Published: February 2024

Autoantibodies influence a wide range of conditions beyond autoimmune diseases
In Science Journals
Authors: Vignieri Sacha , Lavine Marc S. , Yeston Jake S. , Suleymanov Yury , Olingy Claire , Ash Caroline , Matsiko Amos , Smith H. Jesse , Alderton Gemma , Nusinovich Yevgeniya , Funk Michael A. , Seale Madeleine , Jiang Di , Ross Sarah H. , Hallberg Dorothy L. , Aldenderfer Mark , Foley John F. , Shilatifard Ali
Published: February 2024

Highlights from the
Science
family of journals
Psychodid flies and their implicated role in human myiasis and pseudomyiasis
Authors: Mathison Blaine A. , Madriz Isai , Pritt Bobbi S. , Curler Gregory
Published: February 2024

Several psychodid flies are commonly associated with human-inhabited environments and have been increasingly implicated in cases of human myiasis. However, the basic biology of psychodid larvae is not well-suited for survival in the human intestinal or urogenital tract, making true, prolonged myiasis unlikely. In this review, we performed a systematic literature review of published cases of purported myiasis caused by psychodid flies, their identification, associated clinical findings, and treatment. We also discuss the anatomy and lifecycle of psychodid flies in relation to their purported ability to use human tissue as a nutritive source and survive in the human alimentary or urogenital tracts. Based on the range of non-specific and varied reported clinical manifestations, lack of observed collections, life cycle patterns of psychodid flies, the mechanics of their mouthparts, and breathing requirements, we conclude that most cases likely represent incidental findings, or in rare cases possibly pseudomyiasis, rather than true myiasis, and provide recommendations for clinical evaluation and reporting so that disease misclassification and unnecessary therapy do not occur.
Type Specimens of the Flies of the Family Mydidae (Diptera) in the Collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg
Authors: Nartshuk E. P. , Paramonov N. M. , Suleymanova G. M.
Published: February 2024

Catalog of the type specimens (holotypes, syntypes) of species of the family Mydidae (Diptera) described by A.P. Semenov-Tian-Shanskij and I.A. Porchinsky which are stored in the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg is presented. Photographs of the specimens and their labels are given.
Type Specimens of Awl-Flies (Diptera, Xylophagidae) in the Collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg
Authors: Nartshuk E. P. , Paramonov N. M. , Suleymanova G. M.
Published: February 2024

A catalog of the types (holotypes, paratypes, lectotypes, paralectotypes) of the species of the family Xylophagidae (Diptera), described by F.D. Pleske (Th. Pleske), N.P. Krivosheina and B.M. Mamaev, and also by V.G. Kovalev, which are stored in the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, is presented. Photographs of the holotypes and lectotypes and of their labels are given.
On-Demand Reconstruction of the Waveform of a Mössbauer Gamma-Ray Photon by Means of Delayed Acoustically Induced Transparency
Authors: Khairulin I. R. , Radeonychev Y. V.
Published: February 2024

A method has been proposed to reconstruct at arbitrary time the spectral–temporal characteristics of a 14.4‑keV single-photon wave packet that is emitted by a 57Co source and is resonantly absorbed in the medium of 57Fe nuclei. The method is based on the frequency separation of the field emitted by the source and resonance nuclear polarization induced by this field by means of delayed acoustically induced transparency of the absorber, which appears after the activation of oscillations of the absorber at the corresponding frequency and amplitude. The proposed method has been compared to the known quantum-optical memory methods and methods of nuclear polarization control in the gamma-ray range. Experimental conditions have been proposed to implement the method. It has been shown that this method allows the implementation of the time-resolved Mössbauer spectroscopy of various media.
Features of Plasma Disruption in the Globus-M2 Spherical Tokamak
Authors: Sakharov N. V. , Kavin A. A. , Mineev A. B. , Bakharev N. N. , Bondarchuk E. N. , Gusev V. K. , Zhiltsov N. S. , Kiselev E. O. , Kurskiev G. S. , Minaev V. B. , Petrov Yu. V. , Rodin I. Yu. , Skrekel O. M. , Telnova A. Yu. , Tkachenko E. E. , Tokarev V. A. , Tukhmeneva E. A. , Shchegolev P. B.
Published: February 2024

Data on plasma disruption processes in the modernized Globus-M2 spherical tokamak are presented. Electron temperature and density profiles before the disruption, immediately after thermal quench and in the stage of plasma current quench are measured using the diagnostics of Thomson scattering of laser radiation. The dependence of the plasma current decay time during disruption on the pre-disruption current value is determined. The distribution of the toroidal current, which is induced during disruption, in the shell of the vessel is determined on the basis of magnetic measurements. Electromagnetic loads on the vessel are calculated.
Structure-dependent QED effects in exclusive B-meson decays
Authors: Böer Philipp , Feldmann Thorsten
Published: February 2024

We review recent progress in the computation of structure-dependent QED corrections to exclusive B decays in the factorization approach.
Mathematical Modeling and Certifying for Biefeld–Brown Effect with BP Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Yan , Cheng Xiangyu
Published: February 2024

In the force calculation of the Biefeld–Brown Effect, it is not feasible to precisely determine the magnitude of the lift force generated by an asymmetric capacitor in a scenario where its shape is arbitrary. In this paper, first, we deduce a universally applicable formula, it solves the problem of the lift force with uneven charge distribution. Second, by the experimental method of dimensional analysis based on the principle of similarity, we calculate the lift forces of all types of asymmetric capacitors. Finally, we obtain a set of thrust data through experiments, and then fit the set of experimental data through the derived mathematical model and BP neural network, respectively. It confirms the accuracy of the mathematical model.