bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of the Impact of Implant Biomaterials on Osteocytes
Authors: Shah F.A. , Thomsen P. , Palmquist A.
Published: June 2018

In lamellar bone, a network of highly oriented interconnected osteocytes is organized in concentric layers. Through their cellular processes contained within canaliculi, osteocytes are highly mechanosensitive and locally modulate bone remodeling. We review the recent developments demonstrating the significance of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network in bone maintenance around implant biomaterials. Drilling during implant site preparation triggers osteocyte apoptosis, the magnitude of which correlates with drilling speed and heat generation, resulting in extensive remodeling and delayed healing. In peri-implant bone, osteocytes physically communicate with implant surfaces via canaliculi and are responsive to mechanical loading, leading to changes in osteocyte numbers and morphology. Certain implant design features allow peri-implant osteocytes to retain a less aged phenotype, despite highly advanced extracellular matrix maturation. Physicochemical properties of anodically oxidized surfaces stimulate bone formation and remodeling by regulating the expression of RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor–κB ligand), RANK, and OPG (osteoprotegerin) from implant-adherent cells. Modulation of certain osteocyte-related molecular signaling mechanisms (e.g., sclerostin blockade) may enhance the biomechanical anchorage of implants. Evaluation of the peri-implant osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network should therefore be a necessary component in future investigations of osseointegration to more completely characterize the biological response to materials for load-bearing applications in dentistry and orthopedics.
Diagnostic Dissent: Experiences of Perceived Misdiagnosis and Stigma in Persons Diagnosed With Schizophrenia
Authors: Forgione Faith A.
Published: June 2018

It is not uncommon for individuals to disagree with their psychiatric diagnosis. The experience of perceived misdiagnosis can be challenging for service users, as mainstream psychiatric theory often views this disagreement as an indication of “poor insight” into their putative illness. Some researchers have suggested that labeling a service user as lacking insight can be detrimental to the service user’s recovery. Regardless of whether a person agrees with his or her diagnosis, persons labeled with “mental illness” sometimes internalize the discrimination and stigma that they encounter. However, few studies have examined the lived experience of disagreeing with a diagnosis. The present study investigated the first-person experiences of three individuals who believed that they were misdiagnosed with a psychotic disorder. As part of a larger study, participants completed in-depth interviews about their life history and experiences in psychiatric hospitals. Data were analyzed using phenomenological methods. Participants felt that their clinicians assigned an erroneous and stigmatizing label that did not match their self-experience. Diagnostic dissent, a form of perceived misdiagnosis, was a way for individuals to assert their self-experience against perceived invalidation and stigmatizing labels.
Suicidal Behavior Among the Youth With and Without Sensory Impairment: Prevalence and Comparison
Authors: Akram Bushra , Batool Mehak
Published: June 2018

This comparative survey was conducted to explore the prevalence of suicidal behavior among the youth without sensory impairment ( n = 595) as well as youth with sensory impairment: visual impairment ( n = 537) and hearing impairment ( n = 535). Suicidal behavior of the participants were assessed by the Urdu form of Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire. Findings indicated the higher prevalence of overall suicidal behavior among the participants with visual impairment (38%) as compared with the participants with (32%) and the youth (13%) without sensory impairment. Odds ratios further confirmed these results by showing the participants with visual impairment higher on suicidal behavior. Moreover access to counseling, monthly income of the parents, and severity level of disability appeared to be positive predictors of suicidal behavior among the participants. Thus, results showed that all of the three groups are at the risk of having suicidal behavior and, therefore, careful measures are required to be taken at prevention and intervention levels.
Modeling and simulation framework for value-based healthcare systems
Authors: Traoré Mamadou Kaba , Zacharewicz Gregory , Duboz Raphaël , Zeigler Bernard
Published: June 2018

Regardless of the coordination of its activities, a healthcare system is composed of a large number of distributed components that are interrelated by complex processes. Understanding the behavior of the overall system is becoming a major concern among healthcare managers and decision-makers. This paper presents a modeling and simulation framework to support a holistic analysis of healthcare systems through a stratification of the levels of abstraction into multiple perspectives and their integration in a common simulation framework. In each of the perspectives, models of different components of a healthcare system can be developed and coupled together. Concerns from other perspectives are abstracted as parameters, that is, we reflect the parameter values of other perspectives through explicit assumptions and simplifications in such models. Consequently, the resulting top model within each perspective can be coupled with its experimental frame to run simulations and derive results. Components of the various perspectives are integrated to provide a holistic view of the healthcare problem and system under study. The resulting global model can be coupled with a holistic experimental frame to derive results that cannot be accurately addressed in any of the perspectives taken alone. Furthermore, as we endeavored to allow perspective-specific experts to contribute to the modeling process, we took benefit of results originating from research efforts that Norbert Giambiasi initiated in the 2000s, which his PhD students further developed with their own PhD students.
Mobile bodies, (im)mobile beliefs? Religious accord and discord as migratory outcomes
Authors: Kong Lily , Woods Orlando
Published: June 2018

This article advances a new understanding of the outcomes that arise from the movement and settlement of religion. These outcomes can range from religious accord to discord; or, from the full integration of migrant religions to inter-religious conflict. It identifies two axes that determine such outcomes. The first relates to the interplay between transnational religious agency and the strength of local religious structures. Harder structures are more likely to require migrant religious groups to make greater compromises to bring about situations of religious accord, while softer structures are less likely to do so. The second relates to the interplay between religion and other aspects of a migrant’s identity. Just as religion plays a more prominent role for some migrants, for others it is more subordinate. Combined, these two axes provide a framework to help understand the negotiations and compromises that arise as a result of religious pluralism in a globalised world.
Facile fabrication of photoinduced superhydrophobic–superhydrophilic surfaces on cellulose substrate without strength loss
Authors: Yin Yunjie , Zhang Yanyan , Ji Xiaoqian , Zhao Tao , Wang Chaoxia
Published: June 2018

A novel strategy was reported on the design and fabrication of functional photosensitive hybrid sols (FPHSs) by non-alcoholic emulsification in the presence of a TiO2 nanoparticle and photoinitiator via a sol-gel process using tetraethylorthosilicate, γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) and hydrophobic silane coupling agents as precursors. Smart cellulose substrates with alterable superhydrophobic–superhydrophilic conversion were fabricated using FPHS via the ultraviolet (UV) curing process. The liquid FPHS was photocured into solid gel during UV irradiation for 40 s with MPSs in FPHS, which was verified via Fourier transform infrared spectra. The cellulose substrates were modified with FPHSs, and the water contact angles of the modified cellulose substrates were more than 150°. The superhydrophobicity was improved by the gathering of hydrophobic chains and particle deposition of hybrid gel on the fiber surface. Nevertheless, the water contact angles of the modified cellulose substrates were receded with UV irradiation from 158° to 0° in 200 min, due to TiO2 photoinduction. The irradiated cellulose substrates were placed in the dark, and the water contact angles were recovered to about 130°, gradually. What is more, the reversible process can be repeated more than eight times. The modified cellulose substrate presented excellent washing fastness, even suffering 10 times washing processing. The mechanical properties, including breaking strength and elongation rate, were improved after the coating and UV curing process, which considerably remedied the defects of the heating curing process on the mechanical properties.
Mechanical properties and biodegradability of enzyme-retted kenaf fiber composites
Authors: Jung Jong Sun , Song Kyung Hun , Kim Seong Hun
Published: June 2018

The mechanical properties and biodegradability of retted kenaf and modified starch composites fabricated by adding enzyme-retted kenaf as a filler and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(ethylene glycol), or glycerol as a plasticizer are compared with those of the NaOH-retted counterparts fabricated under identical conditions. In the case of enzyme retting, the composite treated with the PVA plasticizer was deemed the most appropriate for achieving optimal tensile strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus. Further, the retting treatment, the length of the kenaf fiber, the type of treatment (single- or double-sided), and the adhesion force at the interface significantly affect the mechanical properties of the composites. According to the aerobic biodegradability assessment in natural reclamation conditions, the modified starch composite fabricated using 50-mm-long enzyme-retted kenaf fibers as the filler and double-side treated with PVA plasticizer showed a biodegradation rate of 80% or higher after 80 days.
The effect of post-exercise application of either graduated or uniform compression socks on the mitigation of delayed onset muscle soreness
Authors: McDonnell Adam C , Cooper Diane , Mlinar Tinkara , Mekjavic Igor B
Published: June 2018

A series of studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that compression socks (uniform or graduated compression) worn after exercise mitigate exercise-induced pain. Fifty-nine (59) participants took part in three separate exercise protocols to induce a degree of muscle soreness from low to severe. Participants wore either ankle height socks with no compression (NoCo), knee height socks with uniform (UNI) or graduated compression (GRAD) for 8 h/day following exercise. Before, immediately after and during recovery, we measured muscle strength, flexibility and the perception of pain. The three exercise protocols were as follows. (1) Hike: compared the effects of GRAD and NoCo socks following a 10-km treadmill hike with a 1000 m ascent and descent. (2) Trail Run: compared the effect of GRAD and UNI following a 14-km trail run with 250 m ascent and descent. (3) Calf Exercise: compared the effect of GRAD and UNI socks with a predominately eccentric calf exercise. GRAD socks significantly mitigated the perception of calf pain compared to NoCo (Hike). The UNI socks were superior to the GRAD socks in mitigating the perception of pain during recovery in the Trail Run. No statistical difference was noted between UNI and GRAD socks after the Calf Exercise. Compression socks mitigated the perception of calf muscle pain (Hike trial), with UNI providing more benefit compared to GRAD socks (Trail Run trial). No differences between the UNI and GRAD socks were observed in the Calf Exercise trial. Compression socks aid in the perception of recovery following low to moderate pain from delayed onset muscle soreness.
Examining the Intergenerational Stake Hypothesis in Grandparent–Grandchild Dyads
Authors: Spalding Rachael , Carpenter Brian
Published: June 2018

The intergenerational stake hypothesis posits that older people tend to feel more positively about their relationships with younger people in their family because they have a greater perceived “stake” in the relationship. Pairs of grandparents and grandchildren ( n = 79) completed a brief survey that asked questions about relational closeness, shared activities, and relationship quality. Both self- and proxy reports were gathered from each participant. On average, grandparents reported significantly more favorable self-reports of emotional closeness than their grandchildren. However, proxy reports revealed that grandparents were actually quite accurate at predicting their grandchildren’s relational closeness responses. Moreover, difference score calculations identified a portion of the dyad sample (39 dyads) that appeared to refute the hypothesis in their relational closeness responses. Results from this study suggest that the generational stake phenomenon exists in the grandchild/grandparent relationship. However, the degree to which grandparents are aware of their grandchildren’s perspectives may vary.
“I Lost Me Visits”
Authors: Walker Shelley , Lancaster Kari , Stoové Mark , Higgs Peter , Wilson Mandy
Published: June 2018

Utilizing Bacchi’s poststructuralist approach, “What’s the problem represented to be?,” we critically examine how the “problem” of drug use in prison is represented within a key initiative—the Identified Drug User program (IDUP)—of prison drug policy in one Australian jurisdiction. We use two data sources for our analysis: interview transcripts of recently incarcerated young men (aged 19–24) with histories of injecting drug use and selected prison drug policy and program documents. We examine how the “problem” of drug use in prison is problematized within the IDUP and question commonly accepted ways of thinking that underpin the program. We explore the discursive and subjectification effects of problem representations which produce young men as “rational” and “choosing” and, at the same time, as “untrustworthy” and “deserving of punishment.” We highlight how these effects have consequences for young men’s connections to family while incarcerated which can work against the very issues the IDUP is trying to address. We make two claims in particular: that the IDUP produces harmful effects for young men and their families and that the harmful effects produced are, paradoxically, those the IDUP aims to avoid. Our analysis offers insights into how drug use in prison could be thought about differently, including suggestions that might reduce at least some of its adverse effects.
Effects of the “Limited Prosocial Emotions” Specifier for Conduct Disorder on Juror Perceptions of Juvenile Offenders
Authors: Prasad Ashneeta H. , Kimonis Eva R.
Published: June 2018

Despite the association that the “Limited Prosocial Emotions” (LPE) specifier for Conduct Disorder (CD) has with psychopathy, little is known about whether the LPE specifier aggravates juvenile proceedings. The present study of 294 juror-eligible U.S. citizens examined the effects of the LPE specifier on juror perceptions of juvenile offenders. Relative to undiagnosed offenders, those with a CD or CD+LPE diagnosis were perceived as less amenable to treatment and more dangerous, and received a more restrictive sentence. A CD+LPE diagnosis did not incrementally increase negative perceptions relative to a CD diagnosis. Interestingly, participants recommended less restrictive sentences for youth with a CD+LPE diagnosis relative to those showing symptoms of CD+LPE without a diagnostic label. Controlling for diagnostic status, higher levels of perceived callous-unemotional traits in youth predicted negative perceptions and recommendations for more restrictive sentences. Findings are discussed within the context of the probative value of mental health evidence within legal settings.
Assessing the Relationship Between Physical Health and Inmate Misconduct
Authors: Grosholz Jessica M. , Semenza Daniel C.
Published: June 2018

Research reveals inmate misconduct results from various factors including age, gang membership, program participation, and mental illness. However, no research has examined the influence of physical illness on misconduct. Per general strain theory, we argue that poor physical health is a significant strain that may negatively affect behavior. Using data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics’ 2004 Survey of Inmates in State Correctional Facilities (SISCF), we investigate how acute illnesses, chronic conditions, and physical disabilities influence misconduct. Results suggest acute conditions increase the likelihood of general, serious, and nonserious misconduct in prison. Conversely, chronic ailments decrease the likelihood of all types of misconduct. We find moderate effects for physical disability. Experiencing acute health conditions while incarcerated significantly increases the likelihood of misconduct, suggesting that by appropriately addressing inmates’ acute ailments, it may be possible to concurrently improve inmate health and decrease misconduct to enhance the lives of those in prison.
The “Intact Busing” Program in 1960s St. Louis Public Schools District
Authors: Weathersby Claude , Weathersby Yolanda
Published: June 2018

Public school desegregation in the United States has come to be characterized and defined by the busing of schoolchildren, which is an activity that has been widely resisted and opposed by the white populace. In the St. Louis Public Schools district, the St. Louis Board of Education and its school administrators utilized its “intact busing” program not to achieve public school desegregation but to perpetuate de facto segregation in the classrooms of its elementary schools.
Using Pseudoscience to Improve Introductory Psychology Students’ Information Literacy
Authors: Lawson Timothy J. , Brown Maria
Published: June 2018

We developed an assignment that required introductory psychology students to read and evaluate the quality of several sources of information about the causal link between vaccines and autism. To evaluate the effects of this assignment, students in several different introductory courses completed a pretest and posttest in which they evaluated the quality of information from a website promoting a pseudoscientific therapy. Students who completed the assignment decreased their ratings of the quality of the information from the website (from pretest to posttest), were better able to identify specific problems with the information, and were less likely to recommend the therapy to a friend. Students who did not complete the assignment exhibited no changes in the dependent measures.
Comment on ‘Adaptive prescribed performance sliding mode control of MEMS gyroscope’
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Seyed Majid , Golestani Mehdi
Published: June 2018

An adaptive control of MEMS gyroscopes with guaranteed transient and steady-state performance has been presented in Lu and Fei (2016). A performance function characterizing the convergence rate, maximum overshoot and steady-state error is used for the output error transformation, such that stabilizing the transformed system is sufficient to achieve the tracking control of the original system with a priori prescribed performance. The main objective of this comment is to point out a mistake occurred through the paper, resulted in the ineffectiveness of the proposed controller.
Fusion or replacement? Labour and the ‘new’ social movements
Authors: Heery Edmund
Published: June 2018

A neglected element of Rethinking Industrial Relations is its critique of postmodernism. This article argues that this is regrettable on three grounds. First, core claims that characterized the postmodern account of employment relations at the time that Kelly was writing continue to be made today; particularly with regard to the characteristics of ‘new’ social movements and their capacity to replace labour as the main dynamic force advancing employee interests. Second, Kelly’s critique of postmodernism remains relevant and his observations with regard to the multiple forms and modes of action of new social movements continue to have force. Third, Kelly suggested that rather than replacing labour, new social movements were natural allies of trade unions. His argument here anticipated much later work on union–community coalitions and the final purpose of the article is to update Kelly’s ‘fusion thesis’ by identifying the ways in which labour and new social movements work together.
The uses, abuses and non-uses of Rethinking Industrial Relations in understanding industrial relations and organised labour
Authors: Gall Gregor
Published: June 2018

Kelly published what should, it is argued, have become a seminal work with Rethinking Industrial Relations. The influence of Rethinking Industrial Relations, it was to be hoped, would be a field of study that was intellectually not only more capable of dealing with the challenge of HRM and neoliberalism but also capable of being of utility to organised labour in understanding its current plight and future path to renewal and re-assertion. Instead, Rethinking Industrial Relations has been largely incorporated into the existing state of academic-cum-intellectual consciousness whereby it has been primarily used to support an already extant trajectory of limited depth and breadth of enquiry and analysis. Therefore, this article examines what it terms the uses, abuses and non-uses of Rethinking Industrial Relations, especially in regard of mobilisation theory, in understanding organised labour. It first examines the citations of Rethinking Industrial Relations as a primary guide to its usage before proceeding to quantify and qualify its usage in journals. From here, it then seeks to explain these findings by discussing the temporal environment into which Rethinking Industrial Relations was published.
Content, Contribution, and Knowledge Consumption: Uncovering Hidden Topic Structure and Rhetorical Signals in Scientific Texts
Authors: Antons David , Joshi Amol M. , Salge Torsten Oliver
Published: June 2018

Knowledge production and scientific discourse are observable in published scholarly texts. Citations capture knowledge consumption and impact. Drawing from the sociology of science, our theoretical framework posits scientific communities as thought collectives with distinctive thought styles that embed a hidden topic structure and rhetorical signals into a journal’s published articles. We hypothesize and uncover how an article’s topic attributes (structure, focus, and newness) and rhetorical attributes (inclusiveness, exclusiveness, tentativeness, and certainty) are related to future knowledge consumption. We empirically test our ideas by applying text mining algorithms to model topics and extract rhetorical signals from 1,646 strategy articles composed of nearly 18 million words generating 172,237 citations over 35 years. We find that strategy articles’ hidden topic structure explains 14% of variance in scientific impact. We also show that topic focus and topic newness each independently, directly, and significantly increase impact. As for newness, the first two articles published on a new topic each generate a citation premium >100%, which is higher within the focal thought collective than outside. Importantly, we find that the citation premium of newness increases with greater topic focus (which attracts attention) and greater inflow of prior intracollective knowledge (which enhances absorption). Impact also increases when authors present new topics using a rhetorical style that is more tentative than certain. Overall, our findings demonstrate that topic and rhetorical attributes, as constitutive elements of scientific content, are independently and interdependently related to the consumption of strategy articles across thought collectives in management research.
A Multilevel Integrated Framework of Firm HR Practices, Individual Ambidexterity, and Organizational Ambidexterity
Authors: Mom Tom J. M. , Chang Yi-Ying , Cholakova Magdalena , Jansen Justin J. P.
Published: June 2018

Research on strategic human resource (HR) management and organizational ambidexterity has assumed that organizational ambidexterity originates from operational managers that pursue both exploratory and exploitative activities. Yet, multilevel insights are absent about how and through which mechanisms HR practices may actually facilitate operational manager ambidexterity and how their ambidexterity may result into organizational ambidexterity. Our multisource and multilevel data from 467 operational managers and 104 senior managers within 52 firms reveals that the top-down effects of ability- and motivation-enhancing HR practices on operational manager ambidexterity are partially mediated by their role breadth self-efficacy and intrinsic motivational orientation. Furthermore, we find that the bottom-up relationship between operational manager and organizational ambidexterity is contingent on firm opportunity-enhancing HR practices. With that, our study provides important new multilevel insights into the effectiveness of strategic HR systems in supporting individual and organizational ambidexterity.
Principal Well-Being and Resilience: Mindfulness as a Means to That End
Authors: Wells Caryn M. , Klocko Barbara A.
Published: June 2018

In this conceptual article, the researchers review the nature of stress as reported by principals and suggest a means for responding to that stress with efforts that have resulted in resilience for people in numerous occupations, with particular emphasis on physicians. This article presents an argument that internal coping methods such as mindfulness and self-care might be key to the development of resilience in principals in an era of high-stakes accountability and unparalleled expectations.
Tracheal chondrosarcoma and surgical management
Authors: Khan Fazal Wahab , Zahid Ibrahim , Moeen Sarosh , Hasan Sulaiman Bashir
Published: June 2018

Chondrosarcoma is a cancer of cartilage cells, and despite being a common primary bone tumor, tracheal chondrosarcoma is rare with only 18 cases reported in the literature prior to mid-2016. A 60-year-old gentleman presented with progressively increasing cough, severe stridor, and production of phlegm for approximately 2 years. On admission to our tertiary care hospital, he developed complete obstructive apnea within an hour, and was intubated. A tracheal biopsy was performed, followed by resection. Histopathology confirmed chondrosarcoma of the trachea. The patient tolerated the procedure very well and is currently symptom-free on follow-up, with no signs of recurrence.
Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction: a quest for ideal management
Authors: Murala John SK , Vela Ryan J , Geoffrion Tracy , Chopra Surpreet , Guhathakurtha Soma , Pezzella Thomas , Cherian Kotturathu Mammen
Published: June 2018

Management of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction has undergone much change over the last century. Techniques described in the literature include anatomical repairs and the use of various patches, conduits, and innovative grafts. However, many of these approaches require reoperations or catheter-based interventions, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and cost. The search for the ideal long-lasting conduit continues and there are new techniques on the horizon, using genetic engineering and nanotechnology. This review discusses the evolution of various techniques for repair of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, past and current conduits, as well as ongoing research.
Anomalous left subclavian artery from the pulmonary artery in a neonate
Authors: Catton Kirsti G , Setty Shaun P
Published: June 2018

The presence of an isolated left subclavian artery arising from the pulmonary artery in a patient with d-transposition of the great arteries is exceedingly rare. Prior to undertaking repair of this congenital cardiac anomaly, identification of an isolated left subclavian artery originating from the pulmonary artery is imperative in order to plan the appropriate intervention to prevent the development of subclavian artery steal or vertebrobasilar insufficiency. We describe the case of a 5 day-old girl in whom an isolated left subclavian artery arising from the pulmonary artery was detected after surgical entry for repair of transposition of the great arteries.
Key technical steps in dual-pathway repair of congenital pulmonary vein stenosis
Authors: Salve Gananjay Gopalrao , Jain Shreepal Ambalal , Shivaprakash Krishnanaik
Published: June 2018

We present the case of a 2-year-old girl with congenital stenosis of the left inferior pulmonary vein associated with a large perimembranous ventricular septal defect. The child underwent repair of the left inferior pulmonary vein with autologous left atrial appendage as a pedicled tube, followed by closure of the ventricular septal defect. Important technical steps to minimize the restenosis rate are highlighted.
Preoperative intraaortic balloon pump before urgent coronary bypass grafting
Authors: Slottosch Ingo , Liakopoulos Oliver , Scherner Maximilian , Kuhn Elmar , Deppe Antje-Christin , Wacker Max , Wippermann Jens , Wahlers Thorsten
Published: June 2018

Background

Urgent or emergency coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with acute coronary syndrome is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We investigated the effects of preoperative intraaortic balloon pump support in this high-risk patient cohort.

Methods

Our institutional database was retrospectively reviewed for patients with acute coronary syndrome and an urgent or emergency indication for coronary artery bypass from April 2010 to December 2016. Data of 1066 patients were analyzed. We assessed the impact of preoperative intraaortic balloon pump therapy on postoperative mortality and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, and performed propensity-score matching.

Results

Intraaortic balloon pump support was implemented in 223 (20.9%) patients: 55 (5.2%) preoperatively and 168 (15.8%) intra- or postoperatively. Overall hospital mortality was 8.8%. Patients with a preoperative intraaortic balloon pump had increased mortality (11/55, 20%) compared to controls ( p = 0.006). After propensity-score matching, all-cause mortality (20.0% vs. 18.2%, p = 0.834), cardiac mortality (18.2% vs. 14.5%, p = 0.651), and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (29.1% vs. 27.3%, p = 0.855) were comparable between groups.

Conclusions

Preoperative intraaortic balloon pump support does not confer any additional clinical benefit on patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting for acute coronary syndrome.
The ‘Alternative for Germany’: The rise of right-wing populism at the heart of Europe
Authors: Lees Charles
Published: June 2018

This article charts the rise of the ‘Alternative for Germany’ ( Alternative für Deutschland or AfD) from its inception in late 2012 to its unexpectedly strong performance in the 2017 Federal election. In terms of the ‘inward’ aspect of Euroscepticism, the article considers the impact of the emergence of successively more hardline leaderships in 2015 and 2017, which led to a shift beyond opposition to aspects of the European integration process to a more profound critique of German society and politics. In terms of the ‘outward’ aspect, it assesses the significance of these developments in the wider debates around Euroscepticism and populism. The article concludes that the AfD’s Euroscepticism is now nested within an ideological profile that increasingly conforms to the template of an orthodox European right-wing populist party. It argues that the widely unanticipated level of electoral support for the AfD in the 2017 Federal elections and its status as the main opposition party in the Bundestag is a systemic shock and potential critical juncture in the development of the German party system and the contestation of European integration in the Federal Republic.
Value of intravoxel incoherent motion for differential diagnosis of renal tumors
Authors: Zhu Qingqiang , Zhu Wenrong , Ye Jing , Wu Jingtao , Chen Wenxin , Hao Zhihua
Published: June 2018

Background

Few studies have reported on the use of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) for renal tumors.

Purpose

To investigate the value of IVIM for distinguishing renal tumors.

Material and Methods

Thirty-one patients with clear cell renal cell carcinomas (CCRCCs), 13 patients with renal angiomyolipomas with minimal fat (RAMFs), eight patients with chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (ChRCCs), and ten patients with papillary renal cell carcinomas (PRCCs) were examined. The tissue diffusivity (D), pseudodiffusivity (D*), and perfusion fraction (f) were calculated.

Results

The D and f values were highest for CCRCCs, lowest for PRCCs, and intermediate for ChRCCs and RAMFs ( P < 0.05). The D values of CCRCCs differed significantly from those of ChRCCs and PRCCs ( P < 0.05). The D* values were highest for RAMFs, lowest for ChRCCs, and intermediate for CCRCCs and PRCCs ( P < 0.05). Statistically significant differences were observed between the D* values of CCRCCs and RAMFs ( P < 0.05). The D* values of the CCRCCs differed significantly from the D* values of the ChRCCs ( P < 0.05). Using the D and f values of 1.10 and 0.41, respectively, as the threshold values for differentiating CCRCCs from RAMFs, ChRCCs, and PRCCs, the best results had sensitivities of 81.0% and 66.8% and specificities of 85.7% and 81.0%, respectively. Using the D* value of 0.038 as the threshold value for differentiating RAMFs from CCRCCs, ChRCCs, and PRCCs, the best result obtained had a sensitivity of 90.5% and specificity of 76.2%.

Conclusion

IVIM may provide information for differentiating renal tumor types.
Texture analysis on diffusion tensor imaging: discriminating glioblastoma from single brain metastasis
Authors: Skogen Karoline , Schulz Anselm , Helseth Eirik , Ganeshan Balaji , Dormagen Johann Baptist , Server Andrès
Published: June 2018

Background

Texture analysis has been done on several radiological modalities to stage, differentiate, and predict prognosis in many oncologic tumors.

Purpose

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of discriminating glioblastoma (GBM) from single brain metastasis (MET) by assessing the heterogeneity of both the solid tumor and the peritumoral edema with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) texture analysis (MRTA).

Material and Methods

Preoperative MRI examinations done on a 3-T scanner of 43 patients were included: 22 GBM and 21 MET. MRTA was performed on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in a representative region of interest (ROI). The MRTA was assessed using a commercially available research software program (TexRAD) which applies a filtration histogram technique for characterizing tumor and peritumoral heterogeneity. The filtration step selectively filters and extracts texture features at different anatomical scales varying from 2 mm (fine) to 6 mm (coarse). Heterogeneity quantification was obtained by the statistical parameter entropy. A threshold value to differentiate GBM from MET with sensitivity and specificity was calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results

Quantifying the heterogeneity of the solid part of the tumor showed no significant difference between GBM and MET. However, the heterogeneity of the GBMs peritumoral edema was significantly higher than the edema surrounding MET, differentiating them with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 90%.

Conclusion

Assessing the peritumoral heterogeneity can increase the radiological diagnostic accuracy when discriminating GBM and MET. This will facilitate the medical staging and optimize the planning for surgical resection of the tumor and postoperative management.
Negotiating individuality and collectivity in community music. A qualitative case study
Authors: Schiavio Andrea , van der Schyff Dylan , Gande Andrea , Kruse-Weber Silke
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we report on a qualitative study based on the “Meet4Music” (M4M) project recently developed at the University of Music and Performing Arts Graz, Austria. M4M is a low-threshold community-based program where participatory sessions dedicated to different artistic activities are freely offered to people from different social and cultural backgrounds. Our study explores how M4M promotes self-expression, creativity, social understanding, and artistic development through a number of interviews that we collected with the “facilitators”—those who help guide the heterogeneous ensemble of participants without being committed to a fixed and pre-defined teaching content. Our data focus on three aspects of M4M: “mutual collaborations,” “non-verbal communication,” and “sense of togetherness.” Taking the “enactive” approach to cognition as a theoretical background, we argue that M4M helps to promote a sense of community that goes beyond the distinction between “individuality” and “collectivity.” M4M encourages participants to meaningfully engage in collective forms of artistic activities, and develop new perspectives on their cultural identities that can play a key role for their flourishing as musical beings. In conclusion, we briefly consider possibilities for future research and practice.
Sensory politics: The tug-of-war between potability and palatability in municipal water production
Authors: Spackman Christy , Burlingame Gary A
Published: June 2018

Sensory information signaled the acceptability of water for consumption for lay and professional people into the early twentieth century. Yet as the twentieth century progressed, professional efforts to standardize water-testing methods have increasingly excluded aesthetic information, preferring to rely on the objectivity of analytic information. Despite some highly publicized exceptions, consumer complaints remain peripheral to the making and regulating of drinking water. This exclusion is often attributed to the unreliability of the human senses in detecting danger. However, technical discussions among water professionals during the twentieth century suggest that this exclusion is actually due to sensory politics, the institutional and regulatory practices of inclusion or exclusion of sensory knowledge from systems of action. Water workers developed and turned to standardized analytical methods for detecting chemical and microbiological contaminants, and more recently sensory contaminants, a process that attempted to mitigate the unevenness of human sensing. In so doing, they created regimes of perception that categorized consumer sensory knowledge as aesthetic. By siloing consumers’ sensory knowledge about water quality into the realm of the aesthetic instead of accommodating it in the analytic, the regimes of perception implemented during the twentieth century to preserve health have marginalized subjective experiences. Discounting the human experience with municipal water as irrelevant to its quality, control and regulation is out of touch with its intended use as an ingestible, and calls for new practices that engage consumers as valuable participants.
Sex, drugs, and rhetoric: The case of flibanserin for ‘female sexual dysfunction’
Authors: Segal Judy Z
Published: June 2018

In August, 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration approved Addyi (flibanserin) for the treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in premenopausal women. Ten months before that, the FDA had held a Patient-Focused Drug Development Public Meeting to address the ‘unmet need’ for a pharmaceutical to treat that condition. I attended that meeting as a rhetorical observer. This essay is an account of persuasive strategies used on, and then by, the FDA, as it considered approving a drug that was not convincingly either safe or effective. The essay turns on three texts: the ‘Even the Score’ pro-drug campaign that informed the patient-focused meeting, the text of the meeting itself, and the FDA’s own published report of the event. I describe how a pharmaceutical company (Sprout, then owners of flibanserin) recruited, and then ventriloquized, both health professionals and members of the public to pressure the FDA to approve a sex drug for women – claiming that not to do so was evidence of sexism. I argue, with rhetorical evidence, that the case for approving flibanserin had already been won before Sprout submitted its application.
Everyday technology use for men with multiple sclerosis: An occupational perspective
Authors: Stern Brocha Z , Goverover Yael
Published: June 2018

Introduction

Everyday technology has the potential to increase quality of life for individuals with disabilities. In a society that relies on technology for participation, exploring everyday technology use is a fundamental part of understanding lived experiences of occupation. The meaning and roles individuals with disabilities ascribe to technology may be influenced by sociocultural considerations, such as gender. This interpretive phenomenological study aimed to present an occupational perspective of everyday technology use for men with multiple sclerosis.

Method

Three middle-aged men (50–57 years old) with multiple sclerosis participated in an individual semi-structured interview. Data were analysed using a hermeneutic approach of close reading. After the initial analysis, superordinate themes were examined relative to an occupational framework.

Findings

The identified themes were ‘searching online as means and end’ (doing); ‘connecting to others and society’ (belonging); and ‘seeing present and future self’ (being and becoming).

Conclusion

The meaning of occupational experiences of everyday technology for men with multiple sclerosis are influenced by master narratives of masculinity. Since everyday technology is intertwined with multiple dimensions of occupation, facilitating its use may promote health and quality of life.
Rural gentrification and networks of capital accumulation—A case study of Jackson, Wyoming
Authors: Nelson Peter B , Hines J Dwight
Published: June 2018

A spatial reorganization of agriculture has been underway throughout the 20th century, and this reorganization has accelerated in the context of neoliberal trade arrangements such as NAFTA and the European Union. Global production networks now characterize today’s agricultural industry resulting in devalorized rural production spaces in specific locales. At the same time, surplus capital accumulated in contemporary global cities and regional urban centers continuously seeks out new spaces for investment in potentially profitable rent gaps. These parallel forces stimulate the re-purposing of rural industrial spaces from agricultural to residential uses in much the same way as occurred in former manufacturing neighborhoods in many urban centers. Using Jackson, Wyoming as a case study, this paper illustrates these processes through a framework based largely on theorizations of gentrification in urban contexts. In doing so, the case study brings supply side explanations of gentrification more explicitly into the United States’ rural gentrification literature and further highlights how contemporary processes of rural gentrification represent new geographies of capital accumulation. The Jackson case study further demonstrates the ways in which these flows of capital produce rural space in a relational sense by linking the local rural to the national and global through complex networks of capital investment operating at multiple scales.
Micro-slotting technique for reliable measurement of sub-surface residual stress in Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Burns Elizabeth , Newkirk Joseph , Castle James
Published: June 2018

Micro-slotting, a relaxation residual stress measurement technique, has recently been shown to be an effective method for measuring local residual stresses in a variety of materials. The micro-slotting method relies on a scanning electron microscope–focused ion beam system for milling and imaging, digital image correlation software to track displacements due to residual stress relaxation after milling, and finite element analysis for displacement–stress correlation and calculation of the original stress state in the imaged region. The high spatial resolution of the micro-slotting method makes it a promising technique for obtaining near-surface residual stress data in Ti-6Al-4V components for input into fatigue life models and crack growth simulations. However, use of the micro-slotting method on this alloy has yet to be evaluated against more established measurement techniques. In this study, spatially resolved sub-surface residual stress measurements were obtained on shot peened and low-stress surface-machined Ti-6Al-4V planar coupons using the micro-slotting method and were compared to measurements obtained using the conventional X-ray diffraction depth profiling technique. The sub-surface measurements were in good agreement for the shot peened sample. Observed differences in the measured near-surface residual stresses on the surface-machined sample were attributed to the larger measurement volume of the X-ray diffraction method, suggesting that the micron-sized measurement volume of the micro-slotting method may be more suitable for capturing shallow stress profiles and steep stress gradients. Prior to performing the micro-slotting measurements, finite element modeled displacements were used to verify the measurement procedure and to address uncertainties in the milled slot geometries. The results of this study demonstrated the validity of the micro-slotting procedure and established the technique as a reliable method for measuring sub-surface residual stresses in Ti-6Al-4V.
A strain-based approach to study interaction between non-coplanar through-thickness edge notches
Authors: Samadian Kaveh , Hertelé Stijn , De Waele Wim
Published: June 2018

Structural integrity assessment procedures to assess the effect of interaction between multiple adjacent flaws normally consist of two stages. First, alignment rules categorize non-coplanar flaws as aligned or non-aligned. Second, combination rules classify aligned flaws as interacting or non-interacting. Although these criteria are applied to different failure modes like brittle fracture, elastic–plastic fracture and plastic collapse, most of them were developed based on linear elastic fracture mechanics for the sake of simplicity. However, there are very limited references available for the technical background of these criteria. This lack of justifying backgrounds becomes more critical when applying these procedures to any other failure modes other than brittle fracture. This article studies the interaction between non-coplanar edge notches in scenarios of large deformation. Hereto, strain patterns are studied through full-field deformation measurements utilizing both experimental and numerical tools. Digital image correlation is used to measure strain during experiments and to verify the finite element analyses. The results show that in addition to the crack driving force, which represents a local response of notches, the global strain distribution within the specimen in terms of strain patterns can be used to probe the interaction between non-coplanar flaws. The authors suggest a novel criterion based on the trajectory of maximum equivalent strain to distinguish between aligned and non-aligned flaws. This study is based on double-edge notched tension specimens and gives a fundamental insight into flaw interaction in failure modes other than brittle fracture.