bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuroscientific Basis of Male and Female Leadership
Authors: Kaur Navreet , Kaushal Preeti
Published: April 2024

The chapter is an attempt to explore the neuroscientific mechanisms underlying masculine and feminine brains and their association with leadership. Research studies on the role of genetics, physiology, and biochemistry of the brain in determining leadership behaviour are cited to corroborate the main ideas around the aforementioned area of investigation. The review revolves around four questions central to the concept of neuroleadership: 1) Are there any structural and functional variances in male and female brains that result in differences in decision making, emotional reactions, task orientation, and use of logic? If so, then what is the effect of these differences on business management? 2) Does the anatomy of the female brain endow women with superior leadership skills? 3) Is there research evidence that refutes sexual dimorphism? 4) Does an understanding of brain basics (plasticity of the brain, mirror neurons, sensitivity of the brain to rewards, and the limbic system) enable leaders to formulate and implement strategies to create a brain-based work environment?
Transforming Workplace Stress
Authors: Joy Sebin , Kumar Arti Arun , Nair Sridevi , Chandar Kumar S.
Published: April 2024

Workplace stress is a common issue that can significantly impact both employees and employers. This study explores the dynamic intersection of workplace stress and the emerging field of neuroleadership, offering insights into fostering resilient work environments. Drawing on the principles of neuroleadership, the chapter highlights how an understanding of neuroscience can inform leadership practices and contribute to creating resilient workplaces. This chapter discusses the neurological basis of stress and the role of leaders in mitigating its effects. It explores emotional intelligence in leadership and the impact of organisational culture on stress resilience. The chapter suggests practical interventions like mindfulness practices and supportive work environment initiatives grounded in neuroscience to cultivate a culture of wellbeing. By adopting resilient leadership strategies and understanding the neuroscience of stress, organisations can create environments that promote employee wellbeing and navigate the challenges of the modern workplace.
A Study of Influence of Leadership With Effective Communication in Educational Institutions
Authors: Manoharan Geetha , Rao B. S. , Ashtikar Sunitha Purushottam , Razak Abdul , Durai Subhashini , Kukreja Jyoti
Published: April 2024

Educational institutions are complex systems dedicated to provide learning, teaching, and training to students of various ages, backgrounds, and levels of expertise. It comprises of relationships, infrastructures, and many other challenges to overcome. These institutions work in synergy with a shared vision and mission to accomplish academic success in the process of education. Educational management being a part of process cannot manage individually the complexity that an institution requires. Effective communication plays a crucial role in educational institutions to foster a positive learning environment, facilitate collaboration among staff and students to achieve the institution's educational goals. So, there is a need for the inclusion of leadership which takes the support of effective communication. The study aims to promote and support the experimentation of leadership approach along with communication in some strategic areas of educational institutions. The study assumes the importance of leaders in implementing leadership, whose core function is to engage all the active participants to make the community active and growing.
The Role of Neuroleadership in Organizational Success
Authors: Tyagi Vibhuti , Kaur Harvinder , Verma Rahul R. , Satija Saumya , Patil Harshal
Published: April 2024

The field of neuroleadership, marked by the use of neuroscience and psychology, provides an innovative approach to enhancing leadership practices. It is a thorough manual on grasping and applying neuroleadership principles, providing an innovative method for enhancing leadership skills. By combining the principles of neuroscience with effective leadership techniques, this chapter provides leaders with the necessary resources to improve emotional intelligence, streamline decision making, and foster a culture of creativity and teamwork within their organizations. With topics such as stress management and building resilience, as well as ethical leadership considerations, this chapter offers a comprehensive guide to achieving excellence in leadership in today's digital era. Whether you're an experienced executive, a leadership development expert, or a researcher looking to delve into the forefront of leadership studies, it is an indispensable guide to becoming proficient in the art and science of neuroleadership.
Adapting to Online Learning
Authors: Hamid Shahnaz
Published: April 2024

This chapter delves into a study exploring the transformative impact of the recent surge in online learning on higher education. Motivated by the COVID-19 pandemic, the research addresses key questions on adaptation and technological developments. Utilizing literature review and thematic analysis, the study identifies challenges such as insufficient leadership, technical support gaps, and inconsistent e-learning practices. Differences between developed and developing countries underscore disparities. The study offers practical insights for institutions to acknowledge challenges and enhance online courses, urging the industry to evaluate and implement sustainable e-learning models.
Insight Into Postdoctoral Position in Tunisia
Authors: Boudhrioua Nourhene , M'hadheb Manel Ben , Harzallah-Skhiri Fethia , Xavier Pedro , Ben Zid Malek , Silva Cristina L. M. , Gharbi Jawhar
Published: April 2024

The present work aims to present an overview of the postdoctoral position in general and to analyze the situation in Tunisia. An online questionnaire was designed to collect an in-depth review of the common challenges faced by PhD holders and those engaged in postdoctoral positions. PhD holders are dominated by females (72.20%). 65.18% of the participants are older than 35 years. 55% of PhD holders have accomplished at least one postdoctoral position. 43% of postdocs having accomplished a teaching activity estimated that this experience is highly beneficial. 52.5% of postdocs are satisfied or rather satisfied with their work environment. The most reported deliverables of postdocs are scientific publications and teaching materials. More than three-quarters of the PhD holders feel being in a precarious situation because of career uncertainty and low salary. Most PhD holders prefer to have an academic career and they are predisposed to have a position in the private sector and are in favor of creating other formal positions namely project manager and research engineer.
Mental Health and Well-Being of Students and Faculty
Authors: Deredzai Memory , Goronga Pedzisai , Maupa Beatrice
Published: April 2024

The aim of this chapter is to interrogate issues of mental health and well-being of female students and faculty after the devastating effects of COVID-19 pandemic. The chapter further explores strategies that can be used to enhance the mental health and well-being of female students and faculty in order to enhance their optimal functioning. There has been growing global interest in mental health, with increasing concern over mental health difficulties among female students and faculty in colleges and universities. Academic pressure, social isolation, disruption in education, demands posed by online learning and other uncertainties acted as challenges that impacted students' mental health. Female students and faculty may experience heightened psychological distress resulting in PTSD, anxiety, and depression due to poor mental health and wellbeing. To have quality mental health and well-being, female students and lecturers should take steps to protect and support their mental health throughout life.
Navigating Digital Transformation in Zimbabwe's Higher and Tertiary Education Post the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tsverukayi Barbara , Poshai Leon
Published: April 2024

Higher and tertiary education sectors in different parts of the world have experienced substantial digital transformations since the emergence of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which forced many higher education institutions (HEIs) to adopt remote teaching and learning systems using relevant technologies. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the scope of digital transformation in HEIs in Zimbabwe, post the COVID-19 pandemic. The study employed a qualitative methodology where purposive sampling was used in selecting students, lecturers and university administrators from whom data was collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. The study revealed that HEIs in Zimbabwe have committed to embracing digital transformation, but they are financially incapacitated to procure supporting technologies for use by staff, administrators and students. The study recommends that amongst other measures, partnerships with the donor community can help leverage the financial resources to support the digital transformation of HEIs in Zimbabwe.
Characteristics of mothers at risk for perinatal depression in industrial areas
Authors: Anas Muhammad , Abdillah Muhammad Dzikri , Prasetya Era Catur , Marlina Uning
Published: April 2024

Expectant mothers susceptible to emotional shifts during pregnancy, such as depression, underwent a perinatal phase. Within the first year after giving birth, 10-15% of women experienced specific depressive symptoms. This situation could harm the mother-child relationship. The purpose of this study was to characterize the traits of mothers who might have experienced prenatal depression at Muhammadiyah Gresik Hospital. Purposive sampling and Spearman's rank test analytics were applied to pregnant women between 20 weeks gestation and one month postpartum. Pregnant women with a history of acute medical problems and mental or psychological disorders were excluded. Out of 47 respondents, 59.6% were at risk of perinatal depression. The characteristics studied included religion, ethnicity, maternal age, educational level, employment status, family income, number of children, mode of delivery, complications during delivery, and depression history. Maternal age (r=-0.314, p=0.032*), employment status (r=0.346, p=0.016*), parity (r=-0.410, p=0.004*), and most recent delivery (r=-0.329, p=0.024*) showed significant correlations with the likelihood of perinatal depression. Maternal age, parity, and mode of delivery had negative correlations, while employment status had a positive correlation. The results of this study can be used as screening tools to identify mothers at risk of perinatal depression. Additionally, it proposes a prenatal and delivery counseling intervention program for both expectant mothers and unemployed women.
The Bezzi Diptera collection at the Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano: a list of the named genera and species, with their present status
Authors: Monari Carlo
Published: April 2024

Mario Bezzi’s collection of Diptera is probably the most important dedicated to this order of insects preserved in Italy and, in a scientific-historical view, one of the most important in the world. The aim of this work is to provide a complete list of the genera and species originally used by Bezzi and readable on the collection labels handwritten by Bezzi himself. A brief description of the collection and the methods used to acquire and check the names is given. The results obtained are discussed. Finally, a complete checklist of the taxonomic names found, and their current status is provided.
Feathered diplomacy: when birds become main factors of research design and geography on Vigur Island
Authors: Milesi-Gaches David Pierre
Published: April 2024

Vigur Island, situated in Iceland’s Westfjords, is renowned for its diverse avian species, such as Atlantic Puffins and Black Guillemots, and its marine inhabitants including Harbour and Grey Seals. Despite its openness to tourism, the island is a subject of ongoing conservation efforts. This opinion paper argues for a more holistic approach to research on the island, highlighting the complex interplay between human activity and the island’s ecosystem. It critiques the current, often narrow, research methodologies that fail to fully account for the intricate relationships between species and their environment. The paper calls for a re-evaluation of habitat classification to incorporate the significant impact of avian populations and stresses the importance of adhering to Icelandic laws that mandate minimal disturbance to wildlife. With seasonal closures and careful management practices like eiderdown collection, Vigur Island serves as a model for balancing human interests with ecological integrity. This opinion advocates for adaptable, comprehensive research strategies that, while illustrated through the case of Vigur, should be applied universally, urging scientists to embrace broader perspectives in environmental studies globally.
Surgical management of a case of giant retinal tear with closed funnel retinal detachment in a pediatric patient
Authors: Bhende Pramod S , Kashyap Himanshu , Nadig Ramya R
Published: April 2024

Background:

A 7-year-old male child was brought by his parents with a complaint of low vision in both eyes for 2 months. The child had low vision in both the eyes for 1.5 years, but the parents noticed when it worsened further 2 months back, leading to profound vision loss. On ophthalmic evaluation, the child did not perceive light in the right eye. Furthermore, anterior segment examination showed complicated cataract and open funnel retinal detachment with intra-retinal cysts in ultrasound (USG) B scan. In the left eye, he could appreciate light but with poor fixation. Fundus evaluation of the left eye showed total retinal detachment on indirect ophthalmoscopy, which was confirmed on USG B scan. Since the right eye had poor visual potential, no intervention was done. The left eye underwent pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade, which led to successful anatomical outcomes. The immediate and late postoperative periods were uneventful, and the child was kept under follow-up and was observed closely.

Purpose:

To educate regarding the surgical management of giant retinal tears in a pediatric patient.

Synopsis:

To inform regarding the surgical challenges faced and steps adopted to manage such cases.

Highlights:

Through this case, we want to highlight the challenges faced, such as delayed presentation, difficult preoperative evaluation, intraoperative difficulties such as mobile retina, absence of posterior vitreous detachment, and tenacious vitreous gel. We also want to emphasize on the steps taken to overcome the challenges.

Conclusion:

In such challenging situations, effective planning, careful manipulation, and persistence are essential for success.

Video Link:

https://youtu.be/T0Gy6Wj13zI
Optical coherence tomography biomarkers DROL, PROS, SND, hyperreflective walls of foveal cystoid spaces as predictors of central macular thickness and visual acuity in diabetic macular edema treated with intravitreal ranibizumab
Authors: Sardana Ayushi , Singh Kamaljeet , Singh Arti , Singh Vinod K
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

This study aims to establish DROL (disruption of retinal outer layers), PROS (photoreceptor outer segment length), SND (subfoveal neuroretinal detachment), and hyperreflective walls of foveal cystoid spaces (HRW) as optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers and predictors of central macular thickness (CMT) and visual acuity in diabetic macular edema (DME) treated with intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR).

Methods:

In this prospective, interventional study performed at a tertiary care center over a span of 1 year from December 2021 to December 2022, 50 eyes of 46 patients of DME were included. Visual acuity and spectral domain OCT imaging were performed at baseline. Using inbuilt calipers on SD-OCT, the horizontal extent of DROL and the vertical extent of PROS were measured manually. SND and HRW were assessed qualitatively. IVR was administered and patients were followed up at 4, 8, and 12 weeks.

Results:

The eyes without DROL had statistically significant (P < 0.05) lesser CMT and better BCVA (best-corrected visual acuity) (P < 0.05) after pro re nata injection of IVR. There was a positive correlation between the extent of baseline DROL with final CMT (P < 0.05) and final logMAR BCVA (P > 0.05), whereas negative correlation with the extent of baseline PROS with final CMT (P < 0.05) and final logMAR BCVA (P > 0.05). The presence of HRW and SND predicted non-resolution of CMT and worse visual acuity after treatment with IVR in DME

. Conclusion:

DROL, PROS, SND, and hyperreflective walls of foveal cystoid spaces may be utilized as qualitative as well as quantitative biomarkers to predict the post-treatment CMT and visual acuity in DME.
Resilience among Caregivers of the Pediatric Cancer Patients
Authors: Thalappil Sruthi , Pulickal Treesa T. , Krishnan Yamini
Published: April 2024

Backgound:

Studies portray that one in every nine Indians develops cancer during their lifetime. Admissions to the Pediatric Oncology departments are increasing like any other department. Cancer affects not only the patients but also their caregivers both physically and psychologically.

Aims and Objectives:

In this scenario, the study aims to understand the caregivers’ level of resilience and the associated risk and protective factors.

Materials and Methods:

This descriptive study was conducted in Kerala. Sixty caregivers of the children in the age group between 1-17 years, diagnosed with cancer were selected for the study. Mexican Resilience Scale and self-prepared interview schedule were used to collect the quantitative data. Qualitative data were collected using an in-depth interview guide.

Results:

The study found that the majority of the respondents are moderately resilient, with men exhibiting higher resilience than women. The prime factors contributing to resilience were identified as strength and self-confidence, social competence, family support, social support, and structure. The study further identified individual factors (flexibility, emotional stability, etc.), familial factors (positive family environment), and community factors (support from NGOs and support groups, etc.) as protective factors contributing to resilience. Additionally, the study revealed how individual (lack of emotional stability, introverted nature, etc.), familial (relationship issues), and community (social perceptions about the disease) levels of risk factors impact resilience.

Conclusion:

The importance of strengthening the support systems around the caregivers and importance of oncology social worker to deal with the psychosocial issues of patients and caregivers are also discussed in this paper.
Mental health stigma and its relationship with mental health professionals – A narrative review and practice implications
Authors: Gupta Snehil , Kumar Akash , Kathiresan Preethy , Pakhre Ashish , Pal Arghya , Singh Vijender
Published: April 2024

The extent and magnitude of the mental health stigma are enormous, with substantial clinical and social implications. There is a complex relationship between mental health stigma and mental health professionals (MHPs); MHPs can be anti-stigma crusaders, victims of stigma, and even a source of stigma. Unfortunately, literature is scarce talking about the relationship between stigma and MHPs. Hence, the current review aims to bridge the existing gap in the literature on various aspects of stigma and the role of MHPs. For the current review, we ran a search in PubMed and Google Scholar databases; we restricted our study to records focusing on the interplay of mental health stigma and the MHPs, published during 2012–2022, in English, and having a full text available. We found that MHPs (psychiatrists, psychologists, and psychiatric nurses) can also be the recipients of the stigma. The stigma faced by the MHPs is determined by the negative stereotypes set by the media, or medical students, or other health professionals; the marginal position of psychiatry in the health system; difficult-to-treat mental disorders; MHPs’ own experience of stigma; and the attitude or beliefs of various caders of the MHPs, their professional experience, and expertise in managing various mental health conditions. Notably, MHPs can also be a source of stigma (stigmatizers). MHPs need to be sensitized concerning this, and the anti-stigma interventions must incorporate this aspect of stigma. Novel interventions, such as digital-based programs, should be used instead of traditional anti-stigma programs in order to decrease stigma around mental health issues and make anti-stigma initiatives more appealing and scalable. To address the issues of stigma, there has to be more communication between MHPs, other health professionals, service users, and policymakers.
Common mental disorders among adolescents in an urban area of Delhi
Authors: Ahmad Aftab , Salve Harshal Ramesh , Nongkynrih Baridalyne , Sagar Rajesh , Krishnan Anand
Published: April 2024

Background:

Common mental disorders (CMDs) among adolescents may hamper their psycho-social development.

Aim:

This study evaluated the prevalence and determinants of CMD like depression and anxiety among late adolescents of an age of 15-–19 years residing in an urban resettlement colony of southeast Delhi.

Methods:

A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 556 randomly selected adolescents. CMD was assessed using Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview – Kid version 6 (MINI-Kid) based on DSM-IV TR and compliant with ICD-10 definitions of CMD. The associated risk factors were studied using a self-developed semi-structured interview schedule and analyzed using multi-variable logistic regression.

Results:

A total of 491 adolescents were interviewed (a response rate of 88.3%), of whom 247 (50.3%) were female and 210 (42.8%) belonged to a lower-middle socio-economic status. The lifetime prevalence of CMD was 34% [95% confidence interval (CI): 29.8–38.2]. Of the total, 22.4% (95% CI: 18.7–6.1) of the participants reported depression and 6.7% (95% CI: 4.5–8.9) reported generalized anxiety disorder during their lifetime. Female sex [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4–2.2], experiencing a stressful event in the past 6 months (aOR 4.7, 95% CI: 3.1–7.3), and smoking tobacco (aOR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.2–7.4) significantly increased the odds of having CMD in multi-variate analysis.

Conclusion:

There is a high prevalence of CMD among adolescents residing in urban resettlement colonies of Delhi, which is composed mostly of people belonging to lower socio-economic strata. Hence, tailored intervention at stress management with promotion of healthy lifestyle is needed for this age group.
Community-based screening for post-traumatic stress disorder among flood victims – A cross-sectional study from Kerala, India
Authors: Mathew Geethu , Varghese Aby D. , Paulose Jaico , Benjamin Anoop I.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Natural disasters like floods have various physical and psychological effects on victims. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition that arises as a delayed reaction to extraordinarily threatening or catastrophic situations.

Aim:

The objective was to screen for PTSD and associated factors among victims residing in the flood-affected areas of Kerala, India.

Methodology:

A community-based screening for PTSD was done among 600 flood victims residing in three selected districts (Pathanamthitta, Alleppey, and Kottayam) of Kerala. A trauma screening questionnaire was used to screen for PTSD.

Results:

More than 90% of them had to stay in relief camps during floods. More than 80% had damage to houses, followed by loss of domestic animals and vehicle damage. Among participants, 298 (49.7%) screened positive for PTSD 3 months post disaster. No previous history of flooding, odds ratio (OR) = 8.6 [confidence interval (CI) 5.7–13.1]; younger age, OR = 1.41 (CI 1–1.9); higher family income, OR = 4.2 (CI 2.5–6.8); education, OR = 1.4 (CI 1–2.1); flood-related morbidity, OR = 8.8 (CI 5.3–14.8); and death of a family member, OR = 3.4 (CI 1.2–9.3), were the factors that were found to be significantly associated with stress among respondents.

Conclusion:

Almost 50% of flood victims were screened positive for PTSD. This study’s findings reiterate the need to provide psychological support as a priority along with other disaster control measures.
Consequences of medical negligence and litigations on health care providers – A narrative review
Authors: Madan R , Das Nileswar , Patley Rahul , Nagpal Neeraj , Malik Yogender , Math Suresh B.
Published: April 2024

Medical professionals face high stress due to the type of work they do and the prolonged working hours. Frequent burnout results due to the challenging nature of their work. Added to the stress of work, malpractice lawsuits add to their burden. In India, most doctors work in compromised settings with poor infrastructure and manpower but are expected to follow the best practices. In court, they are judged with the Bolam and Bolitho tests being essential considerations. Several tragic incidents have been reported, including depression, anger issues, and even suicide deaths of healthcare professionals (HCPs) after accusations of negligence and subsequent inquiry. Such incidents demonstrate the multitude of challenges an HCP faces in day-to-day practice. It is crucial to find ways to tackle these problems and enhance the capacity of HCP to handle such demanding circumstances. Malpractice litigation can significantly impact the mental health of HCPs. It is common to experience emotional turmoil when faced with a lawsuit. Second victim syndrome (SVS) is a term used to describe a set of symptoms experienced by HCPs who make an error leading to injury to a patient. However, it also happens if he is traumatized by the consequences of violence during healthcare services or a lawsuit or defamation article in newspaper/social media. Following a litigation crisis in their career, many HCPs go through various stages of grief, including shock, denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. At times, death by suicide of the HCPs is well known. SVS is known to profoundly affect the personal, family, economic, professional (defensive practice), and social life of HCPs. HCPs should accept the allegations of negligence as an occupational hazard and prepare for the eventual litigation at least once in a lifetime by knowing about the medical laws, HCP’s rights, becoming aware of the emotional turmoil of the lawsuit, preparing to cope with the lawsuit, and seeking help from colleagues and indemnity insurance. Frequent training of the HCPs is strongly recommended to know about the changing laws and also to undergo periodic professional competence enhancement to reduce the incidents of errors amounting to medical negligence. Medical and hospital administration should debrief after any incident and conduct internal investigations to identify systemic flaws and prevent future recurrence, resolve issues within their control at their level, and manage media (mainstream and social media) appropriately. If established, a reporting system with online and offline services will ease the internal administrative investigation process and take appropriate, timely actions. During the crisis, HCPs should have adequate and appropriate insurance or indemnity coverage and mental health support systems.
The measurement of the quality of educational services provided to medical students of Semnan University of Medical Sciences based on the SERQUAL model
Authors: Pazoki Shaghayegh , Hajiahmadi Maryam , Saffarieh Elham
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The SERQUAL model is a model that measures quality by comparing the level of expectations and perceptions of service recipients to identify gaps. Since students are the main recipients of services in universities, this study was conducted with the aim of the measurement of educational services from the viewpoint of medical students of Semnan University of Medical Sciences based on the SERQUAL model.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was based on a cross-sectional study, and its statistical population included 180 medical students. The SERQUAL questionnaire has two parts; the first part has demographic information including gender and age, and the second part has 24 questions with two parts (including the performance part and the importance part) about the quality of educational services in the form of a 5-item Likert rating list. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS-24 software.

Results:

In all five evaluated areas, the scores of the male group were significantly higher than the scores of the female group (P < 0.05). In all five evaluated areas, the scores of the age group less than 25 years old were significantly higher than the scores of the 25–30-year-old group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The results of the present study showed that in general, according to the points of view of students of all different educational levels, there is a gap between the student’s perception and their expectations of quality in all five dimensions of educational services. Based on this issue, it seems that educational services need to be revised and reviewed in all studied courses and in all dimensions.
Needs assessment study for management of menopause in the community
Authors: Mankar Suchitra , Johnson Avita Rose , Chawla Parvinder Singh , Basannar Dashrath
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Menopause is an inevitable phase in every woman’s life. Women may suffer from unpleasant symptoms during perimenopause. Understanding the health needs of the community during this period will help in developing menopause management programs that can improve quality of life.

Aim:

To study the symptoms of menopause and perception of women in relation to menopause in order to understand their needs.

Settings and Design:

A cross-sectional, multi-centric study was undertaken at three institutions (called DH, SJ, and SK) at two cities in India. The study population comprised women between the ages of 40 and 60. Institutional Ethics Committee approval and consent of participants were ensured.

Material and Methods:

Two instruments, a pilot-tested, peer-reviewed, validated, structured questionnaire and the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) were utilized for the study. The minimum sample size was calculated to be 385 per site. Statistical analysis was conducted using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences.

Results:

A total of 1297 forms were analyzed. MRS scores showed psychological symptoms to be most prevalent. Joint and muscular pains were the most common somatic symptoms. Hot flashes and urogenital symptoms were experienced by a lower number. Our MRS scores were significantly higher than those seen in other regions. Urban women, site SJ, those with irregular menstrual cycles, and lower incomes scored higher than their counterparts. Awareness about menopause was patchy, especially regarding medication or support services available.

Conclusions:

The high MRS scores emphasize the need to institute awareness programs, providing information on choices available for care (hormone replacement therapy, medications, or counseling) and information on where to access services. Primary care physicians can play a vital role in fulfilling this need by ensuring timely knowledge to the community, providing correct diagnosis and treatment. This will help improve the quality of life and sense of well-being of this community.
Proportion of dry eye in type II diabetics
Authors: Brar Gagandeep K. , Bawa Maninder , Chadha Charu , Gupta Twinkle , Kaur Harnoor
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Diabetes mellitus is a multisystem disorder, which is one of the most prevalent and important non-infectious causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic cataracts are well-known complications, dry eye syndrome (DES), also referred to as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is also common in the diabetic population. If left untreated, severe dry eye may lead to eye inflammation, abrasion of the corneal surface, corneal ulcers, and vision loss. So, it is very important to diagnose it earlier as these devastating complications can be prevented.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 200 adult patients diagnosed with type II diabetes of either sex with an age more than 40 years were selected. Complete ophthalmological examination was done. Dry eye was diagnosed on the basis of various objective tests, and proportion of dry eye and its relation with glycemic control were studied.

Conclusion:

Patients with uncontrolled type II diabetes had a higher proportion of dry eye disease. A significant co-relation was found among the FBS levels, the HbA1c levels, age, duration of disease, and dry eye in patients with diabetes. No significant co-relation was found between the sex of the patient and dry eye in patients with diabetes. Hence, our study recommends that primary care physicians should advise their patients to get clinical evaluation for dry eye done along with diabetic retinopathy in uncontrolled diabetes.
Community-based early detection of oral precancerous lesion, accessibility and utilization of oral healthcare services among Irular tribes residing at union territory of Pondicherry
Authors: Dorai Raghav D. , Shobana G. , Senthilnathan S. , Lokeshwaran K.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of oral carcinoma and precancerous lesion, oral healthcare seeking behaviour and identify accessible areas of tobacco cessation centres and oral healthcare facilities among Irular adult tribes residing in Pondicherry.

Objectives:

1. To estimate the prevalence of oral carcinomas and precancerous lesion by using toluidine blue solution. 2. To determine their oral healthcare seeking behaviour in terms of utilizing oral healthcare facilities. 3. To identify accessible tobacco cessation centres and oral healthcare centres for prevention of oral cancer.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study is designed to identify oral carcinomas, oral health-care seeking behaviour among Irular tribes of Pondicherry. 1% toluidine blue solution prepared for detection of oral precancerous lesion. Data was collected using a questionnaire and clinical examination. The collected data was subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:

Out of 587 study population, oral mucosal lesion among the study population was 46 (7.8%) leukoplakia and 18 (3.1%) candidiasis. Positive health seeking behaviour 24 (41.7%) was observed.

Conclusion:

The study concluded that low prevalence of oral precancerous lesion and oral healthcare seeking behaviour is poor.
Client’s perception toward services of smoking cessation clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alrowais Fai S. , AlShenaifi Afnan M. , Alghufaily Munira K. , Alqudah Ola M. , Al-Bashaireh Ahmad M.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

In Saudi Arabia, approximately 70,000 deaths yearly occur from diseases caused by smoking. Assessing patients’ smoking behavior in primary care has apparent benefits. Assisting patients with smoking cessation is one of the essential roles of primary care. This study evaluated the quality of smoking cessation clinic counseling in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, based on customer opinions of such services.

Methods:

This research employed a cross-sectional approach involving individuals attending smoking cessation clinics located within primary health care centers in Riyadh city. The participants were chosen through random selection. They were informed about the study’s objectives, and those who consented to take part were contacted and provided with an online questionnaire to complete.

Results:

A total of 340 subjects participated (95.6%) of them were males, and 41.2% were in the age group of 25 to 35 years old. The common modality of tobacco use was cigarettes (82.6%), and 87.9% reported consuming tobacco daily. The mean (±SD) total score of the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence was 5.03 (±2.36), and the highest percentage (44.4%) of the participants had a moderate level of nicotine dependence. The vast majority (93.8%) of the participants had former quitting experiences. Half (50.9%) of the participants showed complete satisfaction with the cessation clinics, while 13.2% and 9.1% of them were not satisfied or slightly satisfied, respectively.

Conclusion:

The majority of smoking cessation clinic visitors were satisfied with the services provided, exceeding three-quarters of them, with half totally satisfied.
A qualitative study on psycho-social needs of the family caregivers of persons with spinal cord injury
Authors: Pallerla Srikanth , Krishnareddy Shanivaram Reddy , Parthasarathy Nirmala Berigai , Navaneetham Janardhana , Gupta Anupam
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Spinal cord injury is a high-cost long-lasting disability and a life-changing experience for family caregivers (FCGs). The current study aimed to explore the psycho-social needs of the FCGs of persons with spinal cord injury (PwSCI).

Materials and Methods:

An exploratory qualitative approach was used, and sixteen FCGs of PwSCI participated in the face-to-face interviews. All the interviews were audio-recorded, and session notes were added to the existing data and later transcribed. Thematic analysis was used to identify the main themes.

Results:

Three main themes have emerged, namely, awareness needs, resource needs, and personal care needs, from the data as a result of the qualitative analysis: The main themes have been categorised into nine sub-themes, such as want to know, alternative ways of contacting, the helpful or conducive environment of arrangements, sources to get money, pension certificate needs, resources for livelihood, resources for continuing the treatment, need my own time, and controlling of feelings.

Conclusion:

The findings of this research aid in designing or developing need-based tailor-made psychosocial interventions for the FCGs of PwSCI in India. Multidisciplinary team professionals involved in managing spinal cord injury and other stakeholders should understand the importance of meeting the mentioned psycho-social needs of FCGs of PwSCI and delivering such tailor-made psycho-social interventions in a timely.
Investigation of the frequency and relationship between trichomonas infection in the preterm delivery (a case-control study in Amir Al-Momenin Hospital, Semnan)
Authors: Saffarieh Elham , Tarahomi Shabnam , Pazoki Shaghayegh , Khaleghian Ali
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction and Purpose:

Preterm delivery is a common complication during pregnancy periods and imposes a high cost on the healthcare system due to the care needs of premature babies. Sexually transmitted infections are one of the effective factors in the occurrence of preterm delivery and the diagnosis and treatment of these infections are effective in reducing complications and preventing preterm delivery. In this study, the role of Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis [TV]) infection in preterm delivery has been evaluated.

Methods:

In a prospective case–control study, women with preterm birth were assigned to the case group, and women with full-term delivery on the same day were also assigned randomly to the control group. After receiving the history and physical examination, a sample was taken from the cervix for TV culture. The data were included in the SPSS version 23 software. A significance level of less than 0.05 was considered.

Findings:

The overall prevalence of this infection was 10%. The prevalence of chlamydial infection was 2% among mothers with full-term delivery and 16.4% among mothers with premature birth, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.021). The logistic regression analysis to determine the effect of Trichomonas infection on premature birth showed that there was the probability of the occurrence of premature delivery increases in mothers with trichomoniasis infection with lower age, higher body mass index, the presence of underlying disease, lower educational level, housewives, lower parity and gravity and having a history of fetus abortion more than 13 times with its occurrence probability occurs in mothers without Trichomonas infection (P = 0.046, Exp (β) =13.266).

Conclusion:

According to the present results, TV screening for pregnant women, especially in high-risk groups, is emphasized to reduce the incidence of preterm delivery and related complications, especially neonatal complications.
The prevalence of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in forensic autopsies in a teaching hospital in South India
Authors: Ghosh Ajoy Kumar , Chaudhari Vinod Ashok , Joseph Noyal Mariya , Shaha Kusa Kumar
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

An autopsy is a valuable tool for finding the cause of death, exploring the clinical diagnosis, documenting unexpected findings, and resolving diagnostic questions. However, this may subject the forensic pathologist and other workers to a wide variety of blood-borne and aerosolized pathogens. Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common cause of illness and death, resulting in infection transmission in the autopsy room. Our objective in this study was to estimate the prevalence of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis among forensic autopsies in a tertiary care hospital in South India.

Material and Methods:

We identified positive TB cases from acid-fast bacteria staining and culture (Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube and Lowenstein–Jensen medium) out of 380 autopsy cases.

Results:

The prevalence of tuberculosis was 2.4% (n = 9), among which 2.1% of cases were positive for only pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 8), and 0.3% of cases had both pulmonary and extrapulmonary involvement (n = 1). In the bivariate analysis of TB cases, sex, occupation, family history of TB, habit of smoking, BCG vaccine scar, period of hospital stay, and cause of death were potentially significant.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of TB in forensic autopsy cases were similar to forensic autopsy-based studies, and it was less as compared to the prevalence of TB in the general population.
Post-discharge home kangaroo mother care follow-up study in rural Gujarat
Authors: Nimbalkar Somashekhar , Dave Hemal , Budh Hetal , Morgaonkar Vallaree , Patel Dipen
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Continuation of kangaroo mother care (KMC) at home is vital for improved infant survival and development. Hence, it is essential to understand potential enablers and barriers to home KMC provision.

Methodology:

This observational study was conducted in rural Gujarat. KMC was initiated for all low-birth-weight (LBW) neonates during the hospital stay and were advised to continue home KMC on discharge. The mothers of these LBW neonates were interviewed using a structured questionnaire during follow-up visits or via telephone.

Results:

A total of 100 mothers were interviewed, and 98 practiced home KMC. Mothers’ mean age was 24.41 (±3.1) years, and infants’ mean age was 3.48 (±1.81) months. The mean weight of neonates at discharge was 1.85 (±0.28) kg. Out of the 104 neonates (96 singleton pregnancies and four twins), 76 (73.07%) were pre-term. 31% mothers provided 4–6 hours of daily KMC. 60% provided KMC for less than 1 hour during each session, while 36% of mothers provided each KMC session for 1–3 hours. 74% of mothers received family support, and 62% faced difficulties in home KMC provision. 88% of mothers were homemakers, and 53% had other children to care for. 51% mothers pre-maturely discontinued KMC provision. 83% of the mothers reported fatigue or pain during KMC provision.

Conclusion:

Lack of family support, other household responsibilities, and other children to care for were major barriers leading to pre-mature discontinuation of home KMC.
Household secondary attack rate amongst the susceptible contacts of COVID-19 cases and its epidemiological profile: A retrospective study from central Gujarat, India
Authors: Gohil Vaidehi S. , Shah Venu R. , Shukla Rujul P.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Secondary attack rate (SAR) is a proportion of primary contacts developing the diseases within the incubation period upon exposure to a primary case among the total susceptible household contacts. The epidemiological profile and SAR will help in understanding the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 for further strengthening preventive and effective control measures.

Objectives of the Study:

The study was conducted with the primary objective to estimate the household SAR of COVID-19 cases at Mahisagar District, Gujarat, and to study the epidemiological profile of primary and secondary cases of COVID-19.

Methodology:

A retrospective study was conducted to estimate SAR among 245 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 898 susceptible household contacts in Mahisagar district through telephonic interview and questionnaire by the Investigator team.

Results:

The household SAR was calculated from the current study in Mahisagar district, Gujarat, and was 13.9%. Among primary cases, 74.7% males were affected, and among secondary cases, 52.8% females were affected. The SAR among elderly was 23.9%, and the SAR among children was 3.9%. 74.1% household contacts had developed disease among symptomatic contacts as compared to asymptomatic household contacts.

Conclusion:

The household SAR in Mahisagar district, Gujarat, was found to be 13.9%. In primary cases, more males, and in secondary cases, more females were found to be affected. The household SAR was increased in elderly as compared to the younger age group. The SAR was more among the contacts of symptomatic cases than asymptomatic cases. Overall hospitalization in public hospitals was more than that in private hospitals.