bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photothermal Trace Gas Measurement with a Compact Fiber-Coupled Fabry-Perot Interferometer
Authors: Breitegger Philipp , Lang Benjamin , Bergmann Alexander
Published: February 2021

Sensors for the reliable measurement of trace gases are of high interest. A compact and robust fiber-coupled Fabry-PErot interferometer is employed in photothermal spectroscopy to measure nitrogen dioxide concentrations at the ppb level.
Cavity length dependence of a metasurface quantum-cascade laser with electrically switchable polarization
Authors: Kim Anthony D. , Xu Luyao , Curwen Christopher A. , Chen Daguan , Reno John L. , Williams Benjamin S.
Published: February 2021

Polarization switchable terahertz quantum-cascade lasers are candidate sources for polarimetric terahertz imaging and sensing as their output polarization can be switched electrically without moving parts. We report on the importance of the external cavity on the spectral properties and polarization purity for a metasurface quantum-cascade VECSEL.
kHz Rate fs/ps-CARS Thermometry in a Representative Aeronautical Combustor.
Authors: Barros Joanna , Scherman Michael , Santagata Rosa , Lin Elodie , Tretout Brigitte , Vincent Axel , Cherubini Pascal , Guichard Florestan , Mohamed Ajmal Khan , Bresson Alexandre
Published: February 2021

Hybrid fs/ps CARS thermometry has been performed in an aeronautical combustor during turbulent CH4/air combustion (3.5 bar). Single shot N2 CARS spectra have been recorded at 1 kHz, allowing statistical and frequency ([0.1-500] Hz) analysis.
An Infrared Laser Spectrometer for the Mapping of Gaseous CO2 in the Headspace of Champagne Glasses
Authors: Vallon R. , Moriaux A.-L. , Lecasse F. , Parvitte B. , Cilindre C. , Liger-Belair G. , Zéninari V.
Published: February 2021

We report on the latest developments and applications of a near-infrared diode laser spectrometer for the monitoring and the mapping of gaseous carbon dioxide in the headspace of Champagne and sparkling wine glasses.
The Next Generation Gas Tracking Device for Rapid Natural Gas Leak Detection in Pipelines
Authors: Rajapaksha Ruwini Dinushika , Harb Charles
Published: February 2021

Natural gas leaks are a serious concern not only because of methane emission but also an explosive threat. We report designing of a portable, miniaturized, laser-based methane tracker for rapid detection of natural gas leaks.
Raman Spectroscopy for Characterizing Porous Carbon
Authors: Amdani Rima Zuriah , Ossler Frederik , Brackmann Christian
Published: February 2021

Raman spectroscopy is performed to disclose struchiral properties of porous carbon samples including lignocellulosic biomass. Analysis of spectral statures of carbon, around 1350 cm"1 and 1580 cm"1, indicates higher porosity for the biomass sample.
10-kHz rate tomographic Rayleigh scattering imaging
Authors: Jiang Naibo , Hsu Paul S. , Loriorla Daniel , Danehy Paul M. , Roy Sukesh
Published: February 2021

10-kHz tomographic Rayleigh scattering (RS) imaging was demonstrated in non-reacting flows employing a high- energy burst-mode laser system. Image sequences of flow mixture fraction were directly derived from high-speed 4-dimensional (4D) RS images.
Infrared/THz double resonance spectroscopy at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Thul Daniel , Bernath Robert , Fairchild Shermineh Rostami , Richardson Martin , Everitt Henry
Published: February 2021

Double resonant spectroscopy measurements are presented using a tunable 9-11 pm pump source with a sub-nanosecond pulse train output. This method is demonstrated at atmospheric pressure for methyl halides using a THz probe.
Widely Tunable Single-Mode Mid-Infrared Interband Cascade Lasers
Authors: Yang Hanting , Gong Jingli , He Jian-Jun , Yang Rui Q.
Published: February 2021

We report the first demonstration of widely tunable single-mode mid-infrared interband cascade lasers based on a V-coupled cavity. The obtained wavelength tuning range is 60 nm with a side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) over 20dB.
Beam Wander and the Scintillation Index
Authors: Andrews Larry C.
Published: February 2021

Beam wander associated with a propagating beam in the atmosphere has impact on the short-term and long-term spot size, and the scintillation index. New theoretical models are presented here for beam wander and beam-wander-induced scintillation index. These models are then compared with computer simulation results.
Spectral Shaping of Mid-Infrared Laser Pulses with a Digital Micromirror Device
Authors: Rutkauskas Marius , Srivastava Anchit , Arbuckle Douglas , Altman Yoann , Reid Derryck T.
Published: February 2021

Spectral shaping of ultrafast laser pulses in the 3.6-3.9-pm wavelength region is implemented using a CaF2-windowed digital micromirror device. Short-pass, long-pass, bandpass and multi-wavelength shaping is demonstrated, targeting applications in spectroscopy and compressive sensing.
Suspended InGaAs Sub-Wavelength Grating Cladding Waveguide for Monolithic Integration with Quantum Cascade Lasers and Detectors for Mid-Infrared On-Chip Gas Sensing
Authors: Yoo Kyoung Min , Midkiff Jason , Chung Chi-Jui , Dalir Hamed , Chen Ray T.
Published: February 2021

Fully suspended InGaAs membrane sub-wavelength grating cladding waveguides (SWWs) are designed and fabricated for mid-infrared ammonia sensing at X=6.15pm in the InGaAs- InP platform considering monolithic integration of quantum cascade devices with 84 ppb estimating sensitivity.
A QEPAS Sensor in a Butterfly Package
Authors: Milde Tobias , Hoppe Morten , Tatenguem Hervé , Rohling Hanna , Schmidtmann Sebastian , Honsberg Martin , Schade Wolfgang , Sacher Joachim
Published: February 2021

Quartz-Enhanced-Photo-Acoustic-Spectroscopy (QEPAS) is a modern, promising trace gas measuring technique. One main advantage of QEPAS over other trace-gas spectroscopes is its size. The miniaturization of the sensor-system is the next big challenge in the development.
Versatile and Mass-Producible Fiber-Tip Sensing Technology
Authors: Picelli Luca , van Klinken Anne , Hakkel Kaylee , Lindgren Gustav , Pagliano Francesco , Fiaschi Niccoló , van Veldhoven René , van der Heijden Rob , Fiore Andrea
Published: February 2021

We present a novel method to fabricate fiber-tip sensors. Using high-throughput semiconductor fabrication methods combined with a simple fiber-attachment scheme, we can mass-produce the sensors, preserving their surface unaltered. We experimentally demonstrate the sensor performance.
Multi-connected fiber-optic Fabry-Perot sensors using optical connectors and OTDR
Authors: Kihara Mitsuru , Ikeda Atsushi , Hirata Satoshi , Mori Toshiaki
Published: February 2021

We propose multi-connected sensors that utilize optical connectors and an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR). Experimental results demonstrate that the return loss characteristics of various media can be obtained easily using the sensors.
Water Sensor for Testing Fluoride Concentrations in Groundwater to Improve Drinking Water Quality in Developing Countries
Authors: Vail Caitlin , Moradi Vahid , Caws Emmanuelle , Wild Peter M. , Buckley Heather L.
Published: February 2021

Optical fibres are coated with 35nm of aluminium; the aluminium reacts with fluoride in water. The rate of change of output voltage is proportional to the fluoride concentration.
Quantized and Topological Photonic Spin Hall Effects in the Graphene Family in the Presence of Magnetic Fields
Authors: Shah Muzamil , Anwar Muhammad Sabieh
Published: February 2021

We theoretically investigate the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) in the silicenic material-substrate system in the presence of electric and magnetic fields. Potential applications of the PSHE are in spin-dependent beam splitters and surface sensors.
Study of Different Shapes in the Sensitivity of FBG-based Magnetostrictive Sensors with Terfenol-D Powder
Authors: Lopez Juan David , Dante Alex , Areas Ariadny da Silva , Carvalho Cesar Cosenza , Allil Regina Celia da Silva Barros , Werneck Marcelo Martins
Published: February 2021

This paper presents the design, simulation and characterization of magnetostrictive sensors manufactured in several geometric shapes aiming at the high sensitivity with less amount of material. The experimental results showed that the smaller sensor with only 0.1 g of Terfenol-D achieved the highest sensitivity.
An Open-Loop FBG-Based Magnetostrictive Current Sensor with Enhanced Sensitivity
Authors: Dante Alex , Lopez Juan David , Areas Ariadny da Silva , Carvalho Cesar Cosenza , Allil Regina Celia da Silva Barros , Werneck Marcelo Martins
Published: February 2021

We propose an open-loop fiber optic current sensor (FOCS) using FBG and a 2-g bar of Terfenol-D with enhanced sensitivity for high-voltage transmission lines. The developed FOCS presented a linearity error of 2.35%, a resolution of 0.57% FSR, and a transient response of 1.5 ms in the range of 25-400 Arms.
Optical Fibers for Dosimetry in External Beam Therapy
Authors: Hoehr Cornelia , Penner Crystal , O’Keeffe Sinead , Woulfe Peter , Capoen Bruno , Hamzaoui Hicham El , Bouwmans Géraud , Morana Adriana , Girard Sylvain
Published: February 2021

Optical fibers are close to ideal detectors to measure radiation beams for cancer therapy, either as beam monitors or for dosimetiy. Several organic and inorganic fibers were tested with proton and neutron beams. One material stood out in its almost complete lack of quenching for low proton energies.
Public attitudes towards people who stutter in South Egypt
Authors: Arafa Ahmed , Senosy Shaimaa , Sheerah Haytham A. , St. Louis Kenneth
Published: February 2021

Purpose

Stuttering is a multifactorial speech disorder with significant social and psychological consequences. There is a lack of knowledge about public attitudes towards people who stutter (PWS) and the factors that can determine such attitudes in underprivileged communities. This study aimed to assess the public attitudes in South Egypt towards PWS and compare our results with those stored in a reference database representing 180 different samples.

Methods

A multi-stage random sampling approach was used to recruit 650 people from Beni-Suef City in South Egypt. All participants were interviewed using the Arabic version of the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes-Stuttering (POSHA-S) after getting their informed consent. This instrument assesses people’s Beliefs and Self Reactions towards PWS in addition to their sociodemographic characteristics.

Results

The Beliefs and Self Reactions subscores in addition to the Overall Stuttering Score of the Egyptian sample were remarkably lower than the median values of the reference database (12 versus 34), (-4 versus 2), and (4 versus 18), respectively. TV, radio, and films were the main sources of knowledge about stuttering. Egyptian participants who reported average to high income were more likely to have a positive attitude (≥50% of Overall Stuttering Score) towards PWS than their counterparts with low income (Odds Ratio = 1.57, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.08–2.28).

Conclusion

People in South Egypt showed a less positive attitude towards PWS compared with other populations worldwide. Further studies should focus on changing the public attitudes towards PWS through awareness programs that consider the cultural perspectives of the society.
Novel three-dimensional biochip pulmonary sarcoidosis model
Authors: Calcagno Tess M. , Zhang Chongxu , Tian Runxia , Ebrahimi Babak , Mirsaeidi Mehdi
Published: February 2021

Sarcoidosis is a multi-system disorder of granulomatous inflammation which most commonly affects the lungs. Its etiology and pathogenesis are not well defined in part due to the lack of reliable modeling. Here, we present the development of an in vitro three-dimensional lung-on-chip biochip designed to mimic granuloma formation. A lung on chip fluidic macrodevice was developed and added to our previously developed a lung-on-membrane model (LOMM). Granulomas were cultured from blood samples of patients with sarcoidosis and then inserted in the air-lung-interface of the microchip to create a three-dimensional biochip pulmonary sarcoidosis model (3D BSGM). Cytokines were measured after 48 hours. ELISA testing was performed to measure cytokine response difference between LOMM with 3D BSGM. There were statistically significant differences in IL-1ß (P = 0.001953), IL-6 (P = 0.001953), GM-CSF (P = 0.001953), and INF-γ expressions (P = 0.09375) between two groups. The current model represents the first 3D biochip sarcoidosis model created by adding a microfluidics system to a dual-chambered lung on membrane model and introducing developed sarcoid-granuloma to its air-lung-interface.
Primary care providers as a critical access point to HIV information and services for African American and Latinx communities
Authors: Carter Gregory , Woodward Brennan , Ohmit Anita , Gleissner Andrew , Short Meredith
Published: February 2021

Purpose

This study aimed to examine the association between confidence in accessing HIV services, primary sources of HIV information, and primary care provider status for African American and Latinx individuals in Indiana.

Methods

An online survey was disseminated to African American and Latinx individuals using snowball and social media recruitment methods, resulting in a final sample size of n = 308. A multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to examine the relationships between confidence accessing HIV services, primary care provider status, sexual identification, and sources of HIV information.

Results

Of the total respondents, 62.5% (n = 193) identified as male and 36.9% (n = 114) identified as female. Most identified as African American (72.5%, n = 224), followed by 27.2% (n = 84) who identified as Latinx. Participants who used their primary care providers as a primary source of obtaining HIV information had a significantly higher level of comfort with accessing HIV services. Those who identified family members as a primary source of HIV information and those who identified as bisexual demonstrated a lower level of confidence in accessing HIV services.

Discussion

This study's results enhance our understanding of marginalization within minority groups regarding sexual identification and accessing HIV services. These results also offer insight into the importance of healthcare access because having a primary care provider was a strong predictor of increased confidence in accessing HIV services.
Rotavirus breakthrough infections responsible for gastroenteritis in vaccinated infants who presented with acute diarrhoea at University Teaching Hospitals, Children’s Hospital in 2016, in Lusaka Zambia
Authors: Simwaka Julia , Seheri Mapaseka , Mulundu Gina , Kaonga Patrick , Mwenda Jason M. , Chilengi Roma , Mpabalwani Evans , Munsaka Sody
Published: February 2021

Background

In Zambia, before rotavirus vaccine introduction, the virus accounted for about 10 million episodes of diarrhoea, 63 000 hospitalisations and 15 000 deaths in 2015, making diarrhoea the third leading cause of death after pneumonia and malaria. In Zambia, despite the introduction of the vaccine acute diarrhoea due to rotaviruses has continued to affect children aged five years and below. This study aimed to characterise the rotavirus genotypes which were responsible for diarrhoeal infections in vaccinated infants aged 2 to 12 months and to determine the relationship between rotavirus strains and the severity of diarrhoea in 2016.

Methods

Stool samples from infants aged 2 to 12 months who presented to the hospital with acute diarrhoea of three or more episodes in 24 hours were tested for group A rotavirus. All positive specimens that had enough sample were genotyped using reverse transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). A 20-point Vesikari clinical score between 1–5 was considered as mild, 6–10 as moderate and greater or equal to 11 as severe.

Results

A total of 424 stool specimens were tested of which 153 (36%, 95% CI 31.5% to 40.9%) were positive for VP6 rotavirus antigen. The age-specific rotavirus infections decreased significantly (p = 0.041) from 2–4 months, 32.0% (49/118) followed by a 38.8% (70/181) infection rate in the 5–8 months’ category and subsequently dropped in the infants aged 9–12 months with a positivity rate of 27.2%. 38.5% of infants who received a single dose, 34.5% of those who received a complete dose and 45.2% (19/42) of the unvaccinated tested positive for rotavirus. The predominant rotavirus genotypes included G2P[6] 36%, G1P[8] 32%, mixed infections 19%, G2P[4] 6%, G1P[6] 4% and G9P[6] 3%.

Discussion and conclusion

Results suggest breakthrough infection of heterotypic strains (G2P[6] (36%), homotypic, G1P[8] (32%) and mixed infections (19%) raises concerns about the effects of the vaccination on the rotavirus diversity, considering the selective pressure that rotavirus vaccines could exert on viral populations. This data indicates that the rotavirus vaccine has generally reduced the severity of diarrhoea despite the detection of the virus strains.
Single stranded DNA annealing is a conserved activity of telomere resolvases
Authors: McGrath Siobhan L. , Huang Shu Hui , Kobryn Kerri
Published: February 2021

Bacterial species of the genera Agrobacterium and Borrelia possess chromosomes terminated by hairpin telomeres. Replication produces dimeric replication intermediates fused via replicated telomere junctions. A specialized class of enzymes, referred to as telomere resolvases, promotes the resolution of the replicated intermediate into linear monomers terminated by hairpin telomeres. Telomere resolution is catalyzed via DNA cleavage and rejoining events mechanistically similar to those promoted by topoisomerase-IB and tyrosine recombinase enzymes. Examination of the borrelial telomere resolvase, ResT, revealed unanticipated multifunctionality; aside from its expected telomere resolution activity ResT possessed a singled-stranded DNA (ssDNA) annealing activity that extended to both naked ssDNA and ssDNA complexed with its cognate single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB). At present, the role this DNA annealing activity plays in vivo remains unknown. We have demonstrated here that single-stranded DNA annealing is also a conserved property of the agrobacterial telomere resolvase, TelA. This activity in TelA similarly extends to both naked ssDNA and ssDNA bound by its cognate SSB. TelA’s annealing activity was shown to stem from the N-terminal domain; removal of this domain abolished annealing without affecting telomere resolution. Further, independent expression of the N-terminal domain of TelA produced a functional annealing protein. We suggest that the apparent conservation of annealing activity in two telomere resolvases, from distantly related bacterial species, implies a role for this activity in hairpin telomere metabolism. Our demonstration of the separation of the telomere resolution and annealing activities of TelA provides a platform for future experiments aimed at identifying the role DNA annealing performs in vivo.
Partial melanism as a frequent phenotypic variation of Philodryas chamissonis (Squamata: Dipsadidae) (Wiegmann, 1835) in the O’Higgins Region, Chile
Authors: Ramírez-Álvarez Diego , Sallaberry-Pincheira Nicole
Published: February 2021

Unusual differences in coloration and design patterns have been described in some snake species around the world. These descriptions usually consider morphological abnormalities observed in single individuals, but not in a subgroup of the species, and few studies have evaluated the distribution of snake species subgroups with similar coloration and design patterns. In this study, we describe in central Chile the distribution of a subgroup, non-geographically isolated, of the endemic snake Philodryas chamissonis, presenting a similar design pattern named partial melanism, phenotypic variation showing a greater expression in the O’Higgins region, without records at the north of Maipo River.
¿Por qué la retención de los huevos en especies ovíparas es un paso a la viviparidad?: un ejemplo con lagartijas
Authors: Ramírez-Bautista Aurelio , Cruz-Elizalde Raciel , Martínez-Falcón Ana Paola , Hernández-Salinas Uriel , Berriozábal-Islas Cristian
Published: February 2021

Se presenta una revisión sobre las hipótesis ecológicas y fisiológicas en la transición de la oviparidad a la viviparidad usando como grupo modelo a las lagartijas (Squamata). Además, se incluyen ejemplos de especies de lagartijas que prueban la retención de los huevos en el oviducto durante el desarrollo embrionario prolongado en altas latitudes y ambientes templados de montaña. Las hipótesis ecológica y fisiológica indican que el clima frío favorece la retención del huevo por tiempos prolongados y la disminución de glándulas calcáreas, favoreciendo el paso evolutivo a la viviparidad en este grupo de vertebrados. Actualmente, hace falta estudios con especies ovíparas que habitan ambientes templados de altas latitudes (climas fríos) y de ambientes templados de montañas que presentan retención de huevos en estadios avanzados.
Prevalence and fecal egg load of gastrointestinal parasites of Angora goats in four agro-ecological zones in Lesotho
Authors: Matsepe Leballo G. , Molapo Setsumi , Phalatsi Moeketsi , Phororo Mamajone
Published: February 2021

Background and Aim: Goats are reared for their meat, mohair and other socio-cultural needs in Lesotho. Helminth infections are some of the major setbacks in the goat production industry due to their negative impact on animals' health, resulting in significant losses on meat and mohair production and death. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence, fecal egg infestation, and morphological identification of gastrointestinal parasites in goats.

Materials and Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 765 goats and subjected to McMaster egg counting techniques using the flotation method. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS v.26.0).

Results: The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 94.7%, and the identified gastrointestinal parasites were nematodes (64.7%), coccidia (25.8%), and cestodes (4.2%). Haemonchus contortus was identified as the prevalent gastrointestinal nematode species found in goats. The prevalence and fecal egg count of gastrointestinal parasites were significantly higher (p<0.05) in goats located in the highlands and Senqu River Valley, while goats in the lowlands demonstrated a significantly (p<0.05) higher prevalence of H. contortus. Immature goats and kids were more significantly (p<0.05) prone to gastrointestinal parasites.

Conclusion: The nematodes and coccidia infestations were prevalent in goats located in the highlands and foothills, respectively, whereas nematode and coccidia fecal egg loads were higher in goats located in the foothills and Senqu River Valley, respectively.
A Review on Bioethanol Production from the Orange Peel Waste (OPW) Using Cellulolytic Soil Bacteria
Authors: B S Vani , Anoop Dr. Sindhu
Published: February 2021

To avoid economic impact and environmental effect of agricultural waste, the reuse of the agricultural waste is needed. For this purpose, the naturally available cheap soil microorganisms with potential application can be used. Many soil microbes have cellulase enzyme which can act on lignocellulosic waste material. The current research on producing bioethanol are aimed to reduce the production cost using low-cost substrates and enzymes. In line with this, in this study the orange peel waste will be used to produce bioethanol using the soil isolated microorganisms in the cost-effective way.
Contribution of dental private practitioners to publications on anatomical variations using cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Hebda Aleksandra , Theys Stéphanie , De Roissart Jean , Perez Eytan , Olszewski Raphael
Published: February 2021

Objective: To investigate the participation of citizens-dental private practitioner in scientific articles about anatomical variations on dentomaxillofacial CBCT. Our null hypothesis was that private practice practitioners are not involved in publications on anatomical variations using cone beam computed tomography.

Material and methods: This study was performed from home without access to our university library. Only PubMed database was used to perform our study. We found 384 articles published among 1830 articles corresponding to our inclusion/exclusion criteria. For each selected article we searched for affiliation of all of the authors (university, private dental practice, students, other). We applied a co-creation approach to involve colleagues from private practice in analyzing results of this study.

Results: A large majority of authors have university affiliation (96.5%). Only 3% of authors come from private practice. Most of articles belong to the group of 7 emergent economies (E7), and from Asia. 47.9% of 96 journals published only one article on anatomical variations discovered on CBCT. The higher number of articles (18.75%) were published by journals related to endodontics. The 84% of articles were dispersed among a vast span of general and specific dental, and maxillofacial journals. The 68.4% of articles on variations in CBCT were available in closed access and 31.6% of articles were available in open access. Only 6.7% of articles were published in open access without author publication charges (APC). The 31.6% of authors with university affiliation choose open access for their article. 7.8% of authors from private practice were involved in publishing in closed access journals and 2.34% in open access journals. Only 3 articles (0.78%) were published by authors affiliated to private practice without involvement of university authors. 2.6% of articles involved students as co-authors. Authors with other affiliation were involved only in one closed access publication. For the step of co-creation none of 183 private practitioners, and 3/33 (9%) university-affiliated members of Nemesis Facebook group actively participated in analyzing the results of this study.

Conclusions: the null hypothesis was accepted: dentists from private practice are exceptionally involved in publications on anatomical variations using CBCT in dentomaxillofacial area.
STATE ACCREDITATION OF REGIONAL SPORTS FEDERATIONS: CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL REGULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION PRACTICE (FOR EXAMPLE, A FEDERATION THAT OPERATES IN THE TERRITORY OF THE SVERDLOVSK REGION)
Authors:   Ph.D., assistant professor of constitutional law at the Ural Law Institute of the Russian Interior Ministry, Krysanov A. V.
Published: February 2021

Based on a review of constitutional and legal principles for regulating the procedure for state accreditation of regional sports federations and analyzing a specific situation that has developed during the process of state accreditation of a public organization to give it the status of a regional sports federation in the Sverdlovsk region. The opinion is expressed about the weak legal protection of individual members of public organizations whose state accreditation as regional sports federations expires, as well as the dominant role of all-Russian sports federations in determining the ability for regional sports federations to exist and develop.
ON THE ISSUE OF CRIMINALIZATION OF GENOCIDE
Authors:   postgraduate student of the Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Institute of Law, Chelyabinsk State University. B, Koshkin N. S.
Published: February 2021

This article discusses the process of criminalization of the most serious crimes in the history of humanity – genocide. The author uses the criterion of public danger since this criterion is the universally accepted in criminal law. The study concludes that the criminalization of genocide was scientifically based and necessary
PUNISHMENT IS ONE OF THE TYPES OF CRIME PREVENTION
Authors:   , candidate of Law, Professor of Kostanay State University named after A. Baitursynova, Turlubekov B. S. , Turlubekov A. B. ,   , master of Law, doctoral student of the Faculty of Law of Kostanay State University named after A. Baitursynova
Published: February 2021

The main task of the penitentiary system is to prevent the Commission of new crimes by convicts to deprivation of liberty. The principle of inevitability of punishment and timeliness of criminal prosecution is of great importance in the fight against offences committed by convicted persons in correctional institutions. In addition, social prevention plays an important role in crime prevention, which is a system of socio-economic, organizational, legal and educational measures
HYPERBOLIZATIONOF THE ACT OF THE COMMENCEMENT OF PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION AS A NEGATIVE FACTOR TO THE REALIZATION OF A STAGE OF A CRIMINAL CASE
Authors:   , deputy head of the criminal procedure Department of the Siberian law Institute of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia (Krasnoyarsk), Abramova L. L.
Published: February 2021

In the article, the author returns to the discussion of the need to formalize an act on the initiation of a new criminal case on the grounds of an additional detected crime or a newly established person during the investigation of the “main” case. Based on the analysis of law enforcement practice, the inefficiency of the current procedural mechanism for initiating criminal proceedings when a number of formal procedures are performed is demonstrated. The content of the article consistently analyzes the legal positions of the Supreme and constitutional Courts of the Russian Federation, the provisions of retrospective and current criminal procedure legislation, certain aspects of departmentalregulation, the opinions of authoritative scientists, and the positions of practitioners. Based on these arguments, the thesis is formulated that the reasons for this situation have developed historically and are due to the hyperbolization of the meaning of the act on the beginning of a preliminary investigation in modern legislation and law enforcement practice. This has an extremely negative impact on the effectiveness of criminal proceedings in General, and does not contribute to the implementation of the tasks of the criminal case initiation stage in particular. The author focuses on the fact that the institution of criminal proceedings and criminal prosecution should not be equated. The decision to initiate a criminal case may contain an initial, hypothetical qualification of the committed act, which should not create obstacles to the” testing “ of a person in one proceeding for involvement in the Commission of several similar acts and subsequently the presentation of a single charge in one case.
ON THE EXPEDIENCY OF IMPROVING LEGISLATION IN THE FIELD OF PUBLIC HEALTH PROTECTION FROM THE EFFECTS OF AMBIENT TOBACCO SMOKE AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF TOBACCO CONSUMPTION
Authors:   candidate of philosophy, associate Professor, head of the Department of administrative law and administrative activity of internal Affairs bodies, Siberian law Institute of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia, Ivanov A. Y.
Published: February 2021

The article notes that the current legislation contains opportunities to protect the population from the consequences of trafficking in any sucking, chewing products containing nicotine and (or) its derivatives, or non-Smoking (Smoking) products (products) that do not contain nicotine, and also analyzes legislative initiatives in this area. Attention is drawn to individual application problems legislation in the field of protection of citizens ‘ health from the effects of ambient tobacco smoke and the consequences of tobacco consumption. The author concludes that it is necessary to develop a new Federal law that will regulate not only public relations arising in the sphere of protecting the health of citizens from the effects of ambient tobacco smoke and the consequences of tobacco consumption.
Comparison of Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants with And Without Experienced Target Weight Gain on The Administration of Human Milk Fortifier
Authors: Rizkiawan Diondra Eka , Radityo Adhie Nur , Pratiwi Rina , Tjahjono Kusmiyati
Published: February 2021

Background: Human milk fortifier (HMF) is defined as a supplement added to breastmilk to increase calories, proteins, vitamins, and various nutrition of breastmilk. The purpose of HMF administration is to increase the concentration of breastmilk nutrients to improve the weight of very low birth weight preterm infants. The administration of HMF is insufficient to fulfill protein needs in 20-40% very low birth weight babies, thus the weight gain did not meet the expected target.Objective: To analyze characteristic differences between very low birth weight preterm infants who experienced weight gain according to the target and not according to the target on the administration of HMF.Methods: An analytical study with a case-control approach comparing case and control group, which was observed to determine characteristic differences between both groups. The samples were 52 very low birth weight preterm infants obtained by consecutive sampling. Data analysis includes descriptive analysis and hypothesis testing. Results: Data were obtained from medical records and consisted of 52 participants, including 26 very low birth weight premature infants who experienced weight gain according to the target and 26 who experienced weight gain not according to the target. There was no characteristic difference of cyanosis clinical symptoms (OR 2.3; 95% CI 0.51-10.4), chest retraction (OR 1.0; 95% CI 0.32-3.1), apnea of prematurity comorbid (OR 1.0; 95% CI 0.25-3.9), neonatal infections (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.21-1.9), starting age of HMF administration (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.21-1.89), bloating (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.17-1.9), and vomiting (OR 1.18; 95% CI 0.38-3.7) in both groups.Conclusion: There was no characteristic difference between very low birth weight preterm infants who experienced weight gain according to the target and not according to the target on the administration of HMF.
Kapitał społeczny w aglomeracji poznańskiej – zmiany w układzie rdzeń–peryferie
Authors: Dominiak Joanna , Konecka-Szydłowska Barbara
Published: February 2021

Celem artykułu jest analiza zróżnicowania kapitału społecznego w układzie rdzeń (miasto Poznań)–peryferie aglomeracji poznańskiej i jego zmian w latach 2009–2019. Realizacji głównego celu podporządkowano dwa pytania badawcze: (1) Jaki jest poziom kapitału społecznego w aglomeracji poznańskiej i jakie zmiany zaszły w tym zakresie w latach 2009–2019? (2) Jakie jest zróżnicowanie poziomu kapitału społecznego w układzie rdzeń–peryferie aglomeracji poznańskiej i czy nastąpiły zasadnicze zmiany w tym zakresie? Badania kapitału społecznego prowadzono w oparciu o dane publikowane i wywiady kwestionariuszowe z mieszkańcami aglomeracji. Wykorzystane w analizie wskaźniki odpowiadają trzem wyróżnionym w literaturze składnikom kapitału społecznego: strukturalnemu, regulatywnemu i behawioralnemu.
Durch die Krise führen: Erfahrungen mit Corona-Maßnahmen an der Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Wien
Authors: Mayer Adelheid , Rappert Wolfgang Nikolaus , Seissl Maria
Published: February 2021

Die Ereignisse im März 2020 in Zusammenhang mit der Entwicklung der COVID-19 Erkrankungen zu einer Pandemie stellten Einrichtungen weltweit vor neue Herausforderungen. Der Beitrag reflektiert den Umgang mit der Krise an der Dienstleistungseinrichtung (DLE) Bibliotheks- und Archivwesen der Universität Wien und spannt den Bogen vom situativ angepassten Führungs- und Managementstil über den Umstieg auf einen rein virtuellen Betrieb bis zur Anpassung vieler Workflows an die geänderten Umstände. Ab Mai 2020 erfolgte die stufenweise Wiedereröffnung der physischen Bibliothek. Die Krise bedeutete insgesamt einen deutlichen Digitalisierungsschub für die Bibliothek, was auch eine Umfrage unter den Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern am Ende des ersten Lockdowns belegt.
The language centre as a laboratory for innovation
Authors: Schaffner Sabina
Published: February 2021

This paper discusses the potential of language centres in higher education as laboratories for innovation. Despite their hybrid character as central service providers that are also defined by their teaching, their positioning at the academic periphery, and the lack of a mandate to do academic research, language centres still have an obligation to conduct research as a means of promoting innovation. The design-based research (DBR) approach in learning and teaching, in which teaching stakeholders examine learning processes in real situation, offers a suitable opportunity for language centres to overcome the restrictions placed upon them. DBR can be done using existing resources and the innovation potential of a language centre’s teaching staff. The leadership and management of the language centre must be made responsible for providing and/or enabling the necessary structural, material, and cultural conditions for such research. This paper discusses the DBR approach at language centres in higher education and its impact on leadership. It then gives two examples of the successful implementation of DBR at the Language Center of UZH and ETH Zurich.
Exploring the relationship between motivations, emotions and pragmatic marker use in English-medium instruction learners
Authors: Ament Jennifer , Barón-Parés Júlia , Pérez-Vidal Carmen
Published: February 2021

The aim of the present study is twofold: first, it compares full-English-medium instruction (EMI) and semi-EMI learners on a series of motivational and emotional factors (the ought to, and the ideal L2 self-motivational orientations, attitudes towards English, and foreign language anxiety and enjoyment). Second, it investigates the relationship between these individual differences (IDs) and pragmatic marker (PM) use. No previous studies have investigated these phenomena among semi and full EMI learners, despite the recognized need for more research into the effects of IDs and pragmatic learning in EMI settings. Participants were second and third-year EMI students. A monologue and an interaction task were used to obtain oral data, and questionnaires were used to gather data on IDs. Results showed that EMI and semi-EMI groups did not differ according to motivational orientation. However, there were significant differences between learner’s motivations depending on the year of study, where third year learners were more ought to self-motivated than second-year learners. Other findings revealed that both strong ought to L2 self-oriented learners as well as learners who enjoyed EMI demonstrated an increased frequency of PM use and that learners with positive attitudes towards English reported stronger ideal L2 selves.
Quinoxaline derivatives as anticorrosion additives for metals
Authors: Saranya Jagadeesan , Lavanya Kandikonda , Haritha Kiranmai Meduri , Subbiah Ram , Zarrouk Abdelkader , Chitra Subramanian
Published: February 2021

There are collective data about the scope of various corrosion inhibitors viz., polymers, plant extracts, inorganic compounds, ionic liquids, organic molecules with hetero atoms, and π-electron clouds have been reported so far on the corrosion prevention of various metals in various corrosive media. Many reviews of literature related to organic inhibitors have been accounted for their classification, application, and mechanism of their inhibition on metals. A mini-review with specific reference to quinoxaline derivatives is summarized in this manuscript.
Rif Berber: From Senhaja to Iznasen. A qualitative and quantitative approach to classification
Authors: Lafkioui Mena B.
Published: February 2021

By combining qualitative (synchronic and diachronic) and quantitative (algorithmic) approaches, this study examines the nature, structure, and dynamics of the linguistic variation attested in Berber of the Rif area (North, Northwest, and Northeast Morocco). Based on a cross-level corpus of data obtained from the Atlas linguistique des varieties berbères du Rif (Lafkioui 2007) and from numerous linguistic, sociolinguistic, and ethnographic fieldwork investigations in the area since 1992, this study shows that these Berber varieties form a language continuum with the following five stable core aggregates, which cut across administrative and political borders: Western Rif Berber, West-Central Rif Berber, Central Rif Berber, East-Central Rif Berber, and Eastern Rif Berber. Furthermore, data mining studies made it possible to objectively identify the principal aggregate discriminators of the Rif Berber continuum, which are dealt with in the study. A special focus in the article is put on the interplay between system-internal and system-external parameters for the selection, diffusion, and transformation of variants in Rif Berber.
Spatiotemporal evolution of single sandbodies controlled by allocyclicity and autocyclicity in the shallow-water braided river delta front of an open lacustrine basin
Authors: Tong Qiang , Jiao Tao , Qi Zhao , Wang Haihong , Liu Yicang , Zhu Yushuang , Liu Hanlin
Published: February 2021

The spatial and temporal evolution of the sandbody architecture of shallow-water deltas in open lacustrine basins is controlled by the classification of allocyclicity and autocyclicity. On the southwestern margin of the Ordos Basin, a braided river system deposited a shallow-water delta in the Late Triassic Period. Based on the principle of sequence stratigraphy and the hierarchical analysis of reservoir architecture, the spatial and temporal evolution of individual sandbodies in the Chang 81 member of the Yanchang Formation in the Zhenbei Oilfield is interpreted by utilizing data from cores, wells and outcrops. The research ideas are as follows: large deposition scale architectural elements (first- to third-order cycles, as defined by Miall) of different sequence levels are affected by allocyclicity associated with changes in tectonic activity, provenance, and sea level, and small deposition scale architectural elements (fourth- to fifth-order cycles, as defined by Miall) of different sedimentary facies mainly consist of individual sandbodies that are affected by autocyclicity associated with lake-level changes caused by various river processes. Based on previous studies, the results are as follows. The sedimentary characteristics of shallow-water deltas have been verified by core and outcrop data. In addition, three ultrashort-term cycles are identified on the basis of boundary sequences and lithofacies’ sequences in the outcrop section of the Rui River, and three sedimentary evolution stages of the delta front are defined. Finally, according to well data, five types of architectural elements at the level of single sandbodies are identified. The vertical superimposition and lateral contact relationships of different architectural elements indicate that during the three sedimentary evolution stages, the hydrodynamics weakened, strengthened slightly, and finally weakened substantially. Among the 20 kinds of architectural element spatial combination patterns formed by single sandbodies, primary and secondary sandbodies have great potential for hosting remaining oil. In the process of architectural spatiotemporal evolution, the geometry and connectivity of the underwater distributary channel gradually weakened, and the spatial relationship between the underwater distributary channel and other architectural elements increased. This article proposes a new method for researching shallow-water deltas and has some guiding significance for exploiting the remaining oil in oil fields.
Electrical and optical studies on tungsten-substituted bismuth molybdates
Authors: Naik Satish J. , Pavaskar Puzy A. , Salker Arun V.
Published: February 2021

This manuscript highlights the structural, electrical and optical properties of Bi2Mo1-xWxO6 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) compounds. These compounds were prepared employing the citrate sol-gel method. These compositions were characterized using thermo-gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and infrared techniques. The Rietveld refinements of X-ray powder diffraction data determined and confirmed the crystal structure of the compositions. DC electrical conductivity indicated the conduction behaviour and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy confirmed the semiconducting nature of the compounds. Room temperature photoluminescence results exhibited two type of emission namely blue-green and green emission in the visible region.
On the evaluation of the constrained studded pressing method for producing nanocrystalline copper sheets
Authors: Torkestani Ahad , Dashtbayazi Mohammad Reza
Published: February 2021

In this study, the experimental setup of a constrainedstudded- pressing method (CSP) as a severe plastic deformation process was investigated to produce nano-crystalline copper sheets. The sheets were CSPed up to 35 passes. The crystallite size and the dislocation density of CSPed samples were calculated by X-ray-diffraction pattern analysis. Also, tensile tests were used to investigate the mechanical properties of the CSPed samples. The results revealed that increasing the number of CSP passes augmented the density of dislocations, reduced the crystallite size to 124 nm (while for the as-received sample it was about 7.8 lm), enhanced the yield-strength and the ultimate-tensile- strength, and lowered the elongation of samples. This study for the first time has challenged the ability of the CSP method to produce nanocrystalline materials.
Glass formation, nanocrystallisation and magnetic properties of the (Fe1–xCox)79Nb3B18 (x = 0, 0.15, 0.3, 0.45, 0.6, 0.75) metallic glasses
Authors: Yao Lijuan , Zhu Man , Li Kun , Jian Zengyun , Chang Fang’e
Published: February 2021

The glass-forming ability (GFA), nanocrystallisation, electrical resistivity and soft magnetic properties of (Fe1-xCox)79Nb3B18 (x = 0, 0.15, 0.3, 0.45, 0.6, 0.75) glassy alloys were investigated. We found that the substitution of Fe by Co is beneficial for improving the GFA. As-spun (Fe0.55Co0.45)79Nb3B18 glassy alloys show the best GFA, along with excellent soft magnetic properties in the supercooled liquid region, with a saturation magnetisation and coercivity of 140 A · m2 · kg-1 and 19.9 A · m-1, respectively, at 60 K. With increasing Co content, the electrical resistivity initially decreases rapidly, and then fluctuates around approximately 70 ± 4 μΩ cm. With increasing the annealing temperature, the saturation magnetisation improves initially, but then decreases for the (Fe0.4Co0.6)79Nb3B18 alloy, and the coercivity does not significantly improve. These newly developed FeCoNbB multicomponent alloys exhibit appreciable GFA, good magnetic properties and low material cost, and they can serve as a promising soft magnetic material for use in industrial applications.
Next generation optical wireless communication: a comprehensive review
Authors: Garg Deepak , Nain Abhimanyu
Published: February 2021

Next generation wireless networks are the need of the hour with reliable, high bandwidth, low Bit Error Rate (BER), high Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), large network capacity, etc. for a paradigm shift to all optical networks from the prevailing conventional electro optic network due to the various benefits of optical links such as enormous bandwidth and extremely low losses. This paper presents a primitive overview of the foregoing technologies and then move on to encapsulating the contemporary techniques to enhance the system performance. For this, preceding limitation and their respective improvement measures from literature of fiber communication and its integration with the next generation networks mainly based upon Radio over Fiber (RoF), Fiber to the Home (FTTH) and Free Space Optics (FSO) are discussed. The advancement in the domain of optical wireless communication utilizing various methodologies is summarized. Finally, we conclude by incorporating various cost reduction methodologies developed which may further be explored to make next generation networks more promising.
Summary of 3rd Sino-German symposium on fundamentals of advanced nuclear safety technology
Authors: Cheng X. , Wielenberg A. , Hampel U. , Starflinger J. , Gupta S. , Schaffrath A. , Weyermann F.
Published: February 2021

The 3rd "Sino-German Symposium on Fundamentals of Advanced Nuclear Safety Technology (SG-FANS)" took place in Xi’an, China, in 2019. Common fields of interests have been identified on both Chinese and German side, such as code benchmarking, common access to experimental facilities and joint experimental data base for nuclear safety analyses.