bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating thresholding techniques in a real predictive maintenance scenario
Authors: Giannoulidis Apostolos , Gounaris Anastasios , Nikolaidis Nikodimos , Naskos Athanasios , Caljouw Daniel
Published: December 2022

We deal with a real predictive maintenance (PdM) scenario in an Industry 4.0 setting. With a help of the Sibyl platform, we can monitor live data from key components of a Philips factory equipment; in this work, we focus on a cold-forming press. Due to the dynamic environment of the operation of this press, unsupervised anomaly detection techniques are used to timely detect the wear, where early anomalies are interpreted as warning signs of a forthcoming failure. Typically such techniques assign an anomaly score, and the problem we face is how to appropriately set a threshold for this score. We introduce and compare four generally applicable thresholding techniques, two of which are dynamic, i.e., they continuously refine the threshold during the episode lifetime. We discuss the properties of these techniques and quantitatively evaluate their behavior in our case study.
Hollow Spherical NiCo2O4 and Gold Nanoparticle Composite for Electrochemical Non-Enzymatic Glucose and H2O2 Sensing
Authors: Feng Li , Xu Yan , Deng Wanting , Wang Yadong , Min Xiaoqin , Lin Xiaoyun , Ni Yongnian
Published: December 2022

A novel electrochemical non-enzymatic sensor for glucose and H2O2 based on metal organic framework (MOF)-derived cobalt-nickel bimetallic oxides (NiCo2O4) and gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) composite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated in this paper. The structure and morphology of the prepared materials was successfully characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), element mapping images and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the electrocatalytic activity for glucose and H2O2 was investigated at the NiCo2O4/AuNPs/GCE using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometric i–t technique. The catalytic currents for glucose and H2O2 are proportional to their concentrations in the range of 0.2 μM–581 μM and 0.5 μM–1774.5 μM, respectively. The corresponding limits of detection (LOD) were calcuated be 0.0081 μM and 0.181 μM for glucose and H2O2. Furthermore, the NiCo2O4/AuNPs/GCE shows excellent stability, reproducibility and anti-interference ability.
Electrosynthesis of C−3 Phosphorylated 2H-Indazoles from Trialkyl Phosphites and 2H-Indazoles
Authors: Liu Xin , Yin Xin , Wu Wenliang , She Yuanbin , Zhao Qian , Zhang Chuanye , Li Meichao , Shen Zhenlu
Published: December 2022

A facile and efficient direct electrochemical oxidation method for C−3 phosphorylation of 2H-indazoles with trialkyl phosphites as the phosphorylation reagents has been developed. Introducing electricity to the green and sustainable synthetic procedures allowed the reactions to be carried out under simple and mild conditions without any metal salts and additional oxidants. Electrochemical data asserted that the cation radical species which were generated from the oxidation of 2H-indazoles were stabilized by 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol and could be captured by trialkyl phosphites effectively to form C−3 phosphorylated 2H-indazoles. In an undivided cell, a board range of functional groups on various substrates were well tolerated and the yield of the desired phosphorylated products was up to 84%. Moreover, a plausible mechanistic proposal involving radical pathway was established based on the results of cyclic voltammetry, in situ FTIR and control experiments.
Modeling Electropolymerization of Methylene Blue in the Presence of Pillar[6]arene and DNA
Authors: Stepanova Veronika , Shurpik Dmitry , Stoikov Ivan , Ivanov Alexey , Evtugyn Gennady
Published: December 2022

For the first time, cumulative effect of the changes in the concentration of methylene blue (MB), pillar[6]arene (P6) and DNA in the MB electropolymerization performed by repeated cycling of the potential of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with carbon black (CB) was described by construction of generalized linear models within the full factor experiment design. The proposed models of the currents and potentials of the peaks attributed to the monomeric and polymeric MB forms fully describe synergistic effect of the reaction mixture components and their contribution to the efficiency of electropolymerization and accumulation of the redox active layer on the electrode. The MB concentration exerted the biggest effect on the redox peak currents of the coating. DNA addition decreased the redox peak currents to a degree mostly pronounced for the high MB concentrations. The P6 addition significantly improved the conditions of the electron exchange and increased the redox peak currents, especially at low MB concentrations. The results obtained can find application for the optimization of the assembling conditions in the DNA sensors design.
Bridging vascular physiology to vascular medicine: an integrative laboratory class
Authors: Heinrich Tobias , Bähring Robert , Larena-Avellaneda Axel , Querengässer Jürgen , Solbrig Olaf , Ehmke Heimo , Schwoerer Alexander P.
Published: December 2022

This article presents an integrative laboratory class on vascular physiology bridging to vascular medicine. The four experiments rely on oscillometry and venous occlusion plethysmography. We describe in detail this new class regarding structure, experimental setup, and experimental procedure, and we give insight into the applied materials. Moreover, we present the experimental data of 74 students and a quantitative evaluation of the students’ learning success and acceptance.
Gravitational effects on carotid and jugular characteristics in graded head-up and head-down tilt
Authors: Whittle Richard S. , Diaz-Artiles Ana
Published: December 2022

Flow stasis and thrombosis have been identified in the jugular vein during spaceflight. We measured the area and pressure of the internal jugular vein and the area of the common carotid artery in graded head-up and head-down tilt. Experimental data are used to generate gravitational dose-response curves for the measured variables, demonstrating that jugular vein area and pressure exhibit a nonlinear response to altered gravity. Gravitational dose-response curves show good agreement with spaceflight and parabolic flight studies.
An Overview of Hormone-Sensitive Lipase (HSL)
Authors: Althaher Arwa R.
Published: December 2022

Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is a pivotal enzyme that mediates triglyceride hydrolysis to provide free fatty acids and glycerol in adipocytes in a hormonally controlled lipolysis process. Elevated plasma-free fatty acids were accompanied by insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes, and obesity. Inhibition of lipolysis through HSL inhibition may provide a mechanism to prevent the accumulation of free fatty acids and to improve the affectability of insulin and blood glucose handling in type II diabetes. The published studies that examine the structure, regulation, and function of HSL and major inhibitors were reviewed in this paper.
Multihop Transmission-Oriented Dynamic Workflow Scheduling in Vehicular Cloud
Authors: Zhang Qiang
Published: December 2022

Vehicular cloud as a kind of resource aggregation can provide cloud service flexibly for intelligent transportation systems and individual users. However, the dynamicity of vehicular cloud such as dynamic multihop transmission also brings new challenges to workflow scheduling. In this paper, a heuristic dynamic workflow scheduling (HDWS) strategy is proposed to solve the problem of workflow scheduling with dynamic multihop transmission in vehicular cloud. HDWS establishes a local scheduling based on the current resource status and task sets. The makespan of local scheduling is optimized by reassigning tasks based on task interdependency. At run time of an application, HDWS estimates the makespan in real time based on the current transmission rates and the unready tasks will be rescheduled once it detects the degradation of the makespan. Experimental results show that the proposed HDWS can improve the service success ratio of vehicular cloud and decrease the makespan compared to the existing approaches.
Microcystic Stromal Tumor with Predominant Bizarre Nuclei of Ovary in a Pregnant Woman
Authors: Pongsuvareeyakul Tip , Kingnate Chalita , Sukpan Kornkanok , Khunamornpong Surapan
Published: December 2022

Microcystic stromal tumor (MST) is a rare type of pure stromal tumor in the category of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors. It is characterized by a distinctive microcystic appearance with bland tumor cells. Although the pathological diagnosis can be straightforward based on the typical histomorphology in most MSTs, the cases with morphologic variation can pose a diagnostic challenge due to unfamiliarity of pathologists with the histologic spectrum of MST and its negativity for inhibin and calretinin, the commonly used sex cord-stromal markers. The coexistence between MST and mucinous epithelial tumor is extremely rare. We present the first case, to our knowledge, of ovarian MST with predominant bizarre nuclei coexisting with mucinous cystadenoma in a pregnant woman. The histomorphology in this case presents a diagnostic challenge and raises differential diagnosis for a wide variety of ovarian malignant neoplasms including nonneoplastic lesions.
Climate Change, Grape Phenology, and Frost Risk in Southeast England
Authors: Llanaj C. , McGregor G.
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims. The cultivation of grapevines in England is expected to benefit under climate change. Yet assessments of future wine climates remain undeveloped. Accordingly, this study assesses how climate change might modify frost risk for Chardonnay in the Southeast England viticulture region. Methods and Results. Cold-bias-corrected climate projections from the UKCP18 Regional (12 km) perturbed parameter ensemble (PPE) climate model under RCP8.5 are applied with phenological models to determine how frost risk and the timing of key grapevine phenophases might alter under climate change. Notwithstanding the uncertainties associated with projections of key viticulture-related bioclimate variables, the last spring frost was found to advance at a greater rate than budburst, indicating a general decrease in frost risk. Conclusions. Although projections point to an improving climate for viticulture across Southeast England, frost will remain a risk for viticulture, albeit at a reduced level compared to the present. Furthermore, the strong cold-bias found for temperature simulations used in this study needs to be given careful consideration when using the UKCP18 projections for viticulture impact assessments of climate change. Significance of the Study. This study highlights the present sensitivity of viticulture to climate variability and the inherent uncertainty associated with making future projections of wine climate under climate change.
Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of DDR1 Counteracts the Hippo Pathway to Orchestrate Arterial Stiffening
Authors: Liu Jiayu , Wang Jin , Liu Yueqi , Xie Si-An , Zhang Jianrui , Zhao Chuanrong , Zhou Yuan , Pang Wei , Yao Weijuan , Peng Qin , Wang Xiaohong , Zhou Jing
Published: December 2022

Background:

The Hippo-YAP (yes-associated protein) signaling pathway is modulated in response to various environmental cues. Activation of YAP in vascular smooth muscle cells conveys the extracellular matrix stiffness-induced changes in vascular smooth muscle cells phenotype and behavior. Recent studies have established a mechanoreceptive role of receptor tyrosine kinase DDR1 (discoidin domain receptor 1) in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Methods:

We conduced 5/6 nephrectomy in vascular smooth muscle cells-specific Ddr1-knockout mice, accompanied by pharmacological inhibition of the Hippo pathway kinase LATS1 (large tumor suppressor 1), to investigate DDR1 in YAP activation. We utilized polyacrylamide gels of varying stiffness or the DDR1 ligand, type I collagen, to stimulate the cells. We employed multiple molecular biological techniques to explore the role of DDR1 in controlling the Hippo pathway and to determine the mechanistic basis by which DDR1 exerts this effect.

Results:

We identified the requirement for DDR1 in stiffness/collagen-induced YAP activation. We uncovered that DDR1 underwent stiffness/collagen binding-stimulated liquid-liquid phase separation and co-condensed with LATS1 to inactivate LATS1. Mutagenesis experiments revealed that the transmembrane domain is responsible for DDR1 droplet formation. Purified DDR1 N-terminal and transmembrane domain was sufficient to drive its reversible condensation. Depletion of the DDR1 C-terminus led to failure in co-condensation with LATS1. Interaction between the DDR1 C-terminus and LATS1 competitively inhibited binding of MOB1 (Mps one binder 1) to LATS1 and thus the subsequent phosphorylation of LATS1. Introduction of the single-point mutants, histidine-745-proline and histidine-902-proline, to DDR1 on the C-terminus abolished the co-condensation. In mouse models, YAP activity was positively correlated with collagen I expression and arterial stiffness. LATS1 inhibition reactivated the YAP signaling in Ddr1-deficient vessels and abrogated the arterial softening effect of Ddr1 deficiency.

Conclusions:

These findings identify DDR1 as a mediator of YAP activation by mechanical and chemical stimuli and demonstrate that DDR1 regulates LATS1 phosphorylation in an liquid-liquid phase separation-dependent manner.
Text and the City: How the City Shaped Language
Authors: Efrat-Kowalsky Nour
Published: December 2022

This paper presents the first case of dramatic and large-scale loss of linguistic diversity. Language death has been part of our history as long as languages were spoken, but in the fourth millennium bce urbanisation and a growing regional economy caused a decrease in both language and typological diversity on a much larger scale than ever before. The first cities in Mesopotamia had developed writing and administration which centralised power and disseminated its influence. In particular, standard languages that were used for official purposes over large areas emerged. Written standard language slowed down the rate of change and consolidated diverging dialects. The larger areas in which languages were spoken in combination with increased mobility and long-distance contacts increased language contact and decreased typological differentiation. Massive population movements due to natural and human made disasters wiped out whole linguistic lineages through language shifts. In effect, this was a first wave globalisation, resulting in the first extensive linguistic diversity eradication.
Two new species of Zhuliangomyces (Amanitaceae) from Hainan Island, China
Authors: HUANG TING , ZHANG WEN-HAO , HUANG HONG-YAN , GU YAN-MING , TANG LI-PING
Published: December 2022

Two new taxa of Zhuliangomyces, Z. bambusus and Z. terrus, from Hainan Province of China, a tropical region, are proposed based on morphology and molecular systematics. Zhuliangomyces bambusus is characterized by its light brown basidiomata with a grayish tone at age, striate pileus margin, a viscid annulus, predominantly subglobose basidiospores, abundant clamp connections, and habitat in bamboo duff. Zhuliangomyces terrus possesses a chocolate or dark brown pileus when young, brown to pale brown when mature, a non-striate pileus margin, a viscid annulus, predominantly broadly ellipsoid basidiospores, plentiful clamp connections, and it fruits on soil. These two new species are distinctive from related species in the genus Zhuliangomyces, forming two well-supported monophyletic lineages in the phylogenetic tree of the concatenated dataset of ITS-LSU. This is also the first time that the genus is found in tropical China. A key to this genus is also provided.
Metarhizium macrosemiae sp. nov. and the anamorph of M. guniujiangense on adult cicada from Guniujiang Nature Preserve, southeastern China
Authors: CHEN MING-JUN , LIN YAN , WANG TING , Zhang SHENG-LI , HUANG BO
Published: December 2022

We conducted morphological evaluations and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of SSU, LSU, EF-1a, RPB1 and RPB2 genes for Metarhizium strains infecting adult cicada from Guniujiang Nature Preserve, southeastern China. A new species Metarhizium macrosemiae is described. M. macrosemiae is the phylogenetic sister species of M. chaiyaphumense / M. takense. M. macrosemiae is distinguished morphologically from M. chaiyaphumense by its host, growth rate on agar, and size of the phialides. It differs significantly from M. takense in colony colour, growth rate on agar, and the presence of macroconidia on SDYA/4. Additionally, comparison of five gene sequences with those of M. guniujiangense type strain revealed that two strains on adult cicada are asexual morph of M. guniujiangense. We illustrate and describe this previously unreported asexual morph of M. guniujiangense on adult cicada.
Inocybe carpinicola (Inocybaceae, Agaricales), a new nodulose-spored species from Hainan Province, China
Authors: HE PAN-MIN , FAN YU-GUANG , DENG LUN-SHA , YU Wen-Jie
Published: December 2022

In the present study, we describe a new nodulose-spored Inocybe species based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidences. The new species is discovered in a Carpinus forest in Hainan Province, tropical China. It is characterized by a small and slender habit, brown to umber brown pileus with an acutely pointed umbo, sub-distant lamellae, brownish stripes covered with appressed vesture, nodulose to sub-stellate basidiospores, and slightly thick-walled hymenial cystidia. Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis revealed its unique phylogenetic position and placed the new species in a well-supported clade comprising a series of nodulose- and spiny-spored taxa. A detailed description, color photos of different development stages of basidiomata and its micro-structures, and a discussion on its closely related taxa are provided.
A new dioecious species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: DAS BIKAS , SAIKIA JADUMONI , KONWAR PARTHAPRATIM , SIGA APPU , BANIK DIPANWITA
Published: December 2022

A new species, Begonia dalaiensis (sect. Platycentrum) is described from Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India. A morphological description along with a photographic plate, distribution map and conservation status is provided here. The phylogenetic relationship among the allied species of this section is also established here based on molecular evidence.
Two new species of Coprinopsis from Kerala State, India
Authors: GANGA K. G. GREESHMA , MANIMOHAN PATINJAREVEETTIL , LATHA K. P. DEEPNA
Published: December 2022

Two new species, Coprinopsis minuta and C. squamulosa, are described from Kerala State, India, on the basis of both morphology and molecular data. Comprehensive descriptions, photographs of both the basidiocarps and the microscopic structures, and discussions are provided. Sequences of both the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (nrITS) and the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nrLSU) region of the two new species were obtained and used in the BLASTn searches. Phylogenetic analysis of the nrITS sequences revealed the novelty of the species as well as their placement in the section Coprinopsis.
Occultia (Scilloideae, Asparagaceae), a new genus from Malawi and Mozambique
Authors: STEDJE BRITA , RULKENS ANTONIUS J.H. , HANKEY ANDREW J.
Published: December 2022

A new genus Occultia (Scilloideae, Asparagaceaae), is described from Malawi and Mozambique. One of the species on which this genus is based, was originally described as Hyacinthus. The genus is clearly separated from Ledebouria and closely related genera in characters of the flowers and the fruits. In Occultia tepals are united for 1/3 to ½ their length, the filaments are very short and inserted at the top of the perianth tube. In the fruiting stage, the tepals of the new genus become membranous and detached from their basis, but may form a cap on the developing capsule. In Ledebouria the tepals are free or united just at the base, the filaments are of a certain length and inserted at the base of the tepals. If persisting at fruiting stage the tepals are attached to the base of the capsule, and may become fleshy with time. The new genus comprises two species O. hyacinthoides and O. fragrans.
Recurrent Neural Network Deep Learning Techniques for Brain Tumor Segmentation and Classification of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Images
Authors: Thayumanavan Meenal , Ramasamy Asokan
Published: December 2022

Brain Tumour is a one of the most threatful disease in the world. It reduces the life span of human beings. Computer vision is advantageous for human health research because it eliminates the need for human judgement to get accurate data. The most reliable and secure imaging techniques
for magnetic resonance imaging are CT scans, X-rays, and MRI scans (MRI). MRI can locate tiny objects. The focus of our paper will be the many techniques for detecting brain cancer using brain MRI. Early detection of tumour and diagnosis is might essential to radiologist to initiate better
treatment. MRI is a competent and speedy method of examining a brain tumour. Resonance in Magnetic Fields Imaging technology is a non-invasive technique that aids in the segmentation of brain tumour images. Deep learning algorithm delivers good outcomes in terms of reducing time consumption
and precise tumour diagnosis (solution). This research proposed that a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) Supervised Deep Learning model be used to automatically find and split brain tumours. The RNN Model outperforms the CNN Model by 98.91 percentage. These
models categorize brain images as normal or pathological, and their performance was evaluated.
Thin Indium-Tin-Oxide Film Produced Through Sol–Gel Method with Its Morphological and Electrical Properties
Authors: Hu MengDi , Chen TianHong , Zhu HongLiang , Liu Hao , Shi Yi , Yan ShanCheng
Published: December 2022

Indium-tin-oxide (ITO) thin film was usually produced on quarts glass in 25–150 nm thickness by various techniques. In this research, we prepared ITO thin film on substrate of silicon wafer by sol–gel method, measured by step profiler to be 20 nm. By reducing the organic components in the samples, and through investigation of TG/DTA/DTG, it is concluded that the ITO film reached the peak of recrystallization at 533 °C. The ITO thin film had the spectral responsivity of 5.6 A/W and strongest laser absorbance both at 450 nm wavelength, which can be concluded through photocurrent response and I–V curing.
Prediction of Rapid Chloride Penetration Resistance of Metakaolin Based Concrete Using Multi-Expression Programming
Authors: Alkadhim Hassan Ali , Amin Muhammad Nasir , Ahmad Izaz , Iqbal Mudassir , Khan Kaffayatullah , Al-Hashem Mohammed Najeeb , Khan Hayat , Jalal Fazal E.
Published: December 2022

This study investigates the resistance of concrete to Rapid Chloride ions Penetration (RCP) as an indirect measure of the concrete’s durability. The RCP resistance of concrete is modelled in multi-expression programming approach using different input variables, such as, age of
concrete, amount of binder, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water to binder ratio, metakaolin content and the compressive strength (CS) of concrete. The parametric investigation was carried out by varying the hyperparameters, i.e., number of subpopulations Nsub, subpopulation
size Ssize, crossover probability Cprob, mutation probability Mprob, tournament size Tsize, code length Cleng, and number of generations Ngener to get an optimum model. The performance
of all the 29 number of trained models were assessed by comparing mean absolute error (MAE) values. The optimum model was obtained for Nsub = 50, Ssize = 100, Cprob = 0.9, Mprob = 0.01, Tsize = 9, Cleng
= 100, and Ngener = 300 with MAE of 279.17 in case of training (TR) phase, whereas 301.66 for testing (TS) phase. The regression slope analysis revealed that the predicted values are in good agreement with the experimental values, as evident from their higher R and
R2 values equaling 0.96 and 0.93 (for the TR phase), and 0.92 and 0.90 (for the TS phase), respectively. Similarly, parametric and sensitivity analyses revealed that the RCP resistance is governed by the age of concrete, amount of binder, concrete CS, and aggregate quantity
in the concrete mix. Among all the input variables, the RCP resistance sharply increased within the first 28 days age of the concrete specimen and similarly plummeted with increasing the quantity of fine aggregate, thus validating the model results.
Spectral Budget of Rotational and Divergent Kinetic Energy in Global Analyses
Authors: Li Zongheng , Peng Jun , Zhang Lifeng
Published: December 2022

To study the multiscale interactions between rotational and divergent components of atmospheric motion, a new formulation of spectral budget of rotational kinetic energy (RKE) and divergent kinetic energy (DKE) based on the primitive equations in the pressure coordinate is derived, with four main characteristics: 1) horizontal kinetic energy (HKE) spectral transfer is exactly divided into spectral transfer of RKE and DKE, 2) the exact spectral conversion term between DKE and RKE is constructed, 3) the Coriolis term is considered, and 4) both the baroclinic conversion from available potential energy (APE) and the vertical flux of HKE act only on DKE. With this new formulation, outputs from ERA5 global reanalysis are investigated. At planetary scales, HKE spectral transfer, mainly attributed to β effect, is dominated by downscale DKE transfer. At synoptic scales, it is dominated by an upscale transfer of RKE energized by conversion of DKE mainly due to the Coriolis effect. The ultimate source of DKE in the upper troposphere is conversion of APE, while in the stratosphere it is the vertical flux. At mesoscales, the spectral transfers of RKE and DKE are both downscale, and conversion from RKE to DKE exists at sub-800-km scales in the upper troposphere, which is mainly attributed to the contribution from relative vorticity. At different heights, the intersection scales of RKE and DKE spectra are affected by the scales of positive peaks of the local spectral conversion from DKE to RKE around total wavenumber 10.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to explore more physical insights on the dynamics underlying the atmospheric energy spectra from the perspective of rotational and divergent components of motion. We derive a new formulation of the spectral rotational and divergent kinetic energy budget in the pressure coordinate for the global atmosphere, with application to ERA5 global reanalysis. Our results reveal the differences of spectral energy budget between rotational and divergent motions at different heights and scales. This new formulation provides a good tool for revealing the multiscale cascade and interaction between atmospheric rotational and divergent motions. Future work should investigate these dynamical processes with higher-resolution simulations and datasets.
Key Role of Subdaily Wind Variability for Tropical Surface Wind Stress
Authors: Yan Yunwei , Song Xiangzhou , Oltmanns Marilena
Published: December 2022

High-frequency observations of surface winds over the open ocean are available only at limited locations. However, these observations are essential for assessing atmospheric influences on the ocean, validating reanalysis products, and building parameterization schemes. By analyzing high-frequency measurements from the Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array, the effects of subdaily winds on the mean surface wind stress magnitude are systematically examined. Subdaily winds account for 12.4% of the total stress magnitude on average. The contribution is enhanced over the intertropical convergence zone and reaches a maximum (28.5%) in the equatorial western Pacific. The magnitude of the contribution is primarily determined by the kinetic energy of subdaily winds. Compared to the buoy observations, the ERA5 and MERRA2 subdaily winds underestimate this contribution by 51% and 63% due to underestimations of subdaily kinetic energy, leading to 7% and 8% underestimations in the total stress magnitude, respectively. Two new gustiness parameterization schemes related to precipitation are developed to account for the effect of subdaily winds, explaining ∼80% of the contribution from subdaily winds. Considering the importance of wind stress for ocean–atmosphere interactions, the inclusion of these parameterization schemes in climate models is expected to substantially improve simulations of large-scale climate variability.

Significance Statement

Surface wind stress drives upper-ocean circulation, which is critical for the redistribution of mass, momentum, and energy in the ocean. Moreover, it is one of the key factors controlling oceanic turbulent mixing and therefore has significant impacts on the distribution of temperature, salinity, and associated ocean variability. Using high-resolution buoy observations, this study highlights the importance of subdaily winds for integrated wind stress estimates. In addition, it finds that current state-of-the-art and widely used reanalysis products largely underestimate the effect of subdaily winds. Two new parameterization schemes are developed, leading to a better representation of the effect of subdaily winds. Including the proposed parameterization schemes in climate models is expected to substantially improve their simulations of large-scale climate variability.
Just What Is “Good”? Musings on Hail Forecast Verification through Evaluation of FV3-HAILCAST Hail Forecasts
Authors: Adams-Selin Rebecca D. , Kalb Christina , Jensen Tara , Henderson John , Supinie Tim , Harris Lucas , Wang Yunheng , Gallo Burkely T. , Clark Adam J.
Published: December 2022

Hail forecasts produced by the CAM-HAILCAST pseudo-Lagrangian hail size forecasting model were evaluated during the 2019, 2020, and 2021 NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) Spring Forecasting Experiments (SFEs). As part of this evaluation, HWT SFE participants were polled about their definition of a “good” hail forecast. Participants were presented with two different verification methods conducted over three different spatiotemporal scales, and were then asked to subjectively evaluate the hail forecast as well as the different verification methods themselves. Results recommended use of multiple verification methods tailored to the type of forecast expected by the end-user interpreting and applying the forecast. The hail forecasts evaluated during this period included an implementation of CAM-HAILCAST in the Limited Area Model of the Unified Forecast System with the Finite Volume 3 (FV3) dynamical core. Evaluation of FV3-HAILCAST over both 1- and 24-h periods found continued improvement from 2019 to 2021. The improvement was largely a result of wide intervariability among FV3 ensemble members with different microphysics parameterizations in 2019 lessening significantly during 2020 and 2021. Overprediction throughout the diurnal cycle also lessened by 2021. A combination of both upscaling neighborhood verification and an object-based technique that only retained matched convective objects was necessary to understand the improvement, agreeing with the HWT SFE participants’ recommendations for multiple verification methods.

Significance Statement

“Good” forecasts of hail can be determined in multiple ways and must depend on both the performance of the guidance and the perspective of the end-user. This work looks at different verification strategies to capture the performance of the CAM-HAILCAST hail forecasting model across three years of the Spring Forecasting Experiment (SFE) in different parent models. Verification strategies were informed by SFE participant input via a survey. Skill variability among models decreased in SFE 2021 relative to prior SFEs. The FV3 model in 2021, compared to 2019, provided improved forecasts of both convective distribution and 38-mm (1.5 in.) hail size, as well as less overforecasting of convection from 1900 to 2300 UTC.
Where Is All the Deviance? Liminal Prescribing and the Social Networks Underlying the Prescription Drug Crisis
Authors: Zhang Victoria (Shu) , Mohliver Aharon Cohen , King Marissa
Published: December 2022

The misuse of prescription drugs is a pressing public health crisis in the United States that is fueled by high-risk prescribing. We show that high-risk prescribing comprises two distinct practices: (1) routinely overprescribing to patients whose prescription -fill patterns are consistent with misuse or abuse, which conforms to the definition of deviance in sociology, and (2) routinely overprescribing to patients whose prescription-fill patterns are within possible bounds of medical use, which does not. We call the second practice “liminal prescribing,” a term that indicates it is legally and morally ambiguous. Using 213.9 million prescriptions to construct a four-year panel of the patient-sharing networks of 500,472 physicians, we find that deviant and liminal prescribers have starkly different social network structures and social influence processes; larger and more cohesive networks among prescribers are associated with more deviance but less liminality. Physicians’ ties to liminal prescribers increase liminal prescribing but do not increase deviance. Our results suggest that liminal prescribing is distinct from deviant prescribing and is not a milder form of deviant prescribing. Liminal prescribing is far more prevalent than deviance and accounts for most of the oversupplied benzodiazepines in our dataset (55.8 versus 8.7 percent, respectively). Our study highlights that the social structures supporting liminal practices differ from those that support either rule-abiding practices or deviance.
Worker Experiences of the Work Health and Safety Impacts of Exposure to Dying and Death in Clinical Settings: A Qualitative Scoping Review
Authors: Roche Natalie , Darzins Susan , Oakman Jodi , Stuckey Rwth
Published: December 2022

Workers employed in clinical healthcare settings often encounter dying and death of patients as a part of their role. This scoping review aimed to explore the physical and psychosocial OHS impacts on health workers exposed to death within their occupational role and their inherent coping strategies. Six electronic databases PsycINFO (Ovid), Medline (Ovid), AMED (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO), and Proquest Social Sciences were searched for peer reviewed research articles published between March 1971 and April 2022. PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed. Three authors independently assessed articles for inclusion. Fifty-three studies with focus settings in hospitals, hospice, general practice and residential care were identified. Five main themes were developed and organized using and ergonomic systems approach: Cultural Environment, Workplace, Job Demands, Impacts and Coping. The findings demonstrate that caring for dying patients, the dead and their families in clinical settings impacts workers emotionally, physically, behaviorally and spiritually.
Securing School-Based Mental Health Services for Students With Disabilities: An Illustration of the Six-Component Approach
Authors: Clopton Kerri L. , Schmitz Stephanie L. , Skaar Nicole R. , Etscheidt Susan Larson
Published: December 2022

The IDEA requires schools to evaluate and provide services to students who have a mental health issue that is deemed an educational disability or a mental health issue that is comorbid with an educational disability. Etscheidt and colleagues (this issue) propose a six component approach to securing school-based mental health services for students with disabilities. This article illustrates the six component approach using two vignettes. The first vignette involves a preschool student referred due to aggression who has not been previously identified as eligible for special education. The second vignette involves a 5th grade student who was receiving special education services under the category of SLD who’s academic progress had plateaued.
Mechanical properties of 3D printed parts: Effect of ultraviolet PLA filaments ageing and water absorption
Authors: Souissi Slim , Bennour Wael , Khammassi Rahma , Elloumi Ahmed
Published: December 2022

In additive manufacturing, fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of the most often-used technologies. Polylactic Acid (PLA) is the most frequently applied polymer for prototyping or for real uses. This study mainly focuses on the mechanical properties of PLA parts printed with filament exposed to UV light to mimic the effect of recycled filament. Three radiation periods were studied, respectively, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Tensile tests were carried out to characterize the influence of building orientation (On flat/on-edge) and raster angles (0°, 45°, 90°, 0°/90°, −45°/+45°). Failure modes were also discussed. Printed specimens were subjected to water absorption to assess the mechanical properties in real application. Generally with the same raster angle, the interlayer structure of specimens manufactured in on-edge orientation has greater adhesion than the specimens in flat orientation. The results show that mechanical properties are lower in case of flat building orientation and the raster angle has the same trend in both orientations. Elsewhere, edge orientation exhibited lower water absorption thanks to the inwall that protected the printed part. UV radiation enhances the interface between printed layers for the lower period. The mechanical properties were affected by the degradation of the bulk material in the direction of 90°.
Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by magnetic hydrogel nanocomposite absorbents
Authors: Wan Tao , Yu Mingrui , He Songsong , Wang Tairan , Wang Jian , Jia Yang , Tang Qi
Published: December 2022

Currently reported adsorbents for wastewater purification generally have only limited adsorption capacity and low adsorption rate towards dye contaminants. In this work, KH570-modified magnetic hydrogel nanocomposites (KH570-mHNCs) with semi-IPNs structure were prepared based on poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and KH570-modified magnetic nanoparticles, and it exhibited high absorption capacity and absorption rate for methylene blue dye. KH570-mHNCs had a rough surface with many porous and gully structures, and FTIR results preliminarily confirmed the target structure of KH570-mHNCs. KH570-mHNCs could rapidly absorb methylene blue by approaching absorption equilibrium at 90 min. Dye absorption of KH570-mHNCs had maximum dye absorption capacity at pH = 8, and methylene blue adsorption capacity was 255.4 mg/g, 326.3 mg/g, and 418.5 mg/g in the condition of initial dye concentrations of 700 mg/L, 900 mg/L, and 1100 mg/L, respectively. Methylene blue adsorption isotherms and kinetics conformed to the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively. Methylene blue adsorption for KH570-mHNCs was a spontaneous, exothermal, and entropy reduction process. In addition, KH570-mHNCs had good magnetic response, desorption, and reusability, which made it a potential application in the field of methylene blue removal from the aqueous solution.
Low-Grade Malignant Myofibroblastic Sarcoma of the Larynx: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yang Guilian , Li Chunlei , Long Yilin , Liu Zhaohui , Rao Cheng , Zhang Yangchun , Liu Yi , Yang Hanghang
Published: December 2022

Squamous cell carcinomas predominate in laryngeal malignancies, while spindle cell tumors, typically derived from non-epithelial tissues, are uncommon, accounting for 0.3%–1% of all malignant laryngeal tumors. Low-grade malignant myofibroblastic sarcoma (LGMS) is an extremely rare, atypical myofibroblastic tumor classified as a spindle cell tumor that primarily affects the head and neck region. There have been few reports in the literature regarding the LGMS of the larynx. LGMS of the larynx was discovered during a pathological biopsy. There was no recurrence during the 6-month follow-up after the total laryngectomy.
Beliefs That White People Are Poor, Above and Beyond Beliefs That Black People Are Poor, Predict White (But Not Black) Americans’ Attitudes Toward Welfare Recipients and Policy
Authors: Cooley Erin , Brown-Iannuzzi Jazmin L. , Lei Ryan F. , Cipolli William , Philbrook Lauren E.
Published: December 2022

In past work, White Americans’ beliefs about Black poverty have predicted lower perceived work ethic of the poor, and, thus, less welfare support. In this article, we examine whether beliefs about White poverty predict more positive attributions about the poor among three representative samples of White Americans. Study 1 reveals that White (but not Black) Americans’ White-poor beliefs predict increased perceptions that welfare recipients are hardworking, which predict more welfare support. Study 2 demonstrates that the link between White Americans’ White-poor beliefs and the humanization of welfare recipients is stronger among White Americans who feel intergroup status threat (i.e., those who hold racial zero-sum beliefs). Study 3 replicates and extends Study 2 by using an experimental approach. Together, these data suggest that White Americans’ White-poor beliefs function to humanize welfare recipients as a means to justify policies that could help the ingroup, preserving the racial status quo.
Key Attributes of a Medical Learning Community Mentor at One Medical School: The Mentee Perspective
Authors: Haque Waqas Zia , Coias Jennifer , Pollio E Whitney , Yazdani Rana , Wagner James M , North Carol S , Pollio David E
Published: December 2022

To assess the elements necessary to be a successful learning community (ClinCalc) mentor to medical students from the mentee’s perspective. Few such studies have utilized the in-depth and richness of detail obtained in qualitative studies. This qualitative study analyzed four focus group discussions lasting 45–90 min conducted at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, which has an established LC, in the year 2018. The groups included 14 pre-clerkship and 8 clerkship students. Investigators evaluated transcriptions of the focus group discussions using ATLAS.ti software. Three overarching categories of discussion emerged from the group discussions: (1) Relationship Competence, (2) Teaching Competence, and (3) Ethical and Compassionate Medical Practice Competence. Relationship Competence themes included “walk with me,” relationship is most important, and one-on-one. Teaching Competence themes included above and beyond, recognize and address mentor limitations, and safe and enriching environment. Ethical and Compassionate Medical Practice Competence themes included ethical decision making and compassionate care for diverse patient populations. Mentees focused on various aspects of the mentor-mentee relationship as the single most essential competence. Themes mentees discussed as important qualities of a successful mentor may denote qualities to be prioritized in faculty development and mentor recruitment. Future studies could investigate how the LC environment informs former medical students and promotes patient outcomes.
Proportion of stable femoral neck fracture types in different age groups: a population-based study
Authors: Jiang Yu-xuan , Feng Dong-xu , Wang Xiao-long , Huang Wei , Jiang Wu-qiang , Wu Chengxi , Zhu Yang-jun
Published: December 2022

Objective

The treatment and incidence of femoral neck fracture (FNF) in older patients is controversial. We investigated the new AO (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthese) classification in patients with FNF by age to determine the proportions of stable fracture and change trends according to patients’ age.

Methods

We divided patients with FNF hospitalized in Xi'an Honghui Hospital from 2018 to 2020 into five groups according to age: young (<50 years), middle-aged (50–59 years), young-elderly (60–69 years), middle-elderly (70–79 years), and very elderly (≥80 years) groups. We retrospectively collected data of patients’ sex, admission date, fracture side, mechanism of injury, and new AO classification.

Results

In total, 2071 patients were included for analysis, with 1329 women (64.2%); 1106 patients (53.4%) had left-side fracture. The main mechanism of injury was falling. In the young-elderly, middle-elderly, and very-elderly groups, 33.3%, 29.2%, and 24.1% had stable fracture type, respectively). The proportion of patients with FNF did not show a change trend by age during the 3-year investigation period.

Conclusion

In our study, the proportion of older patients with FNF did not increase, and as many as a third of patients with FNF aged 50 to 70 years had stable fracture.
Dark Traits, Harassment and Rape Myths Acceptances Among University Students
Authors: Longpré Nicholas , Moreton Rowan E. , Snow Emilie J. , Kiszel Fanni , Fitzsimons Molly A.
Published: December 2022

The convergence of Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy and sadism is known as the “Dark Tetrad.” Our understanding of the relationship between the Dark Tetrad, harassment and Rape Myths is limited. While men are more likely to blame victims of sexual violence, it is unclear how gender influences the ability to perceive harassment. The aim of the present study is to look at the relationship between dark traits, gender, Rape Myths and perception of harassment. A sample of N = 210 university students located in England & Wales were recruited on SONA and social media platforms. Student’s t-tests, Pearson’s correlations, and multiple linear regressions were conducted. Analyses revealed gender differences for both Rape Myths endorsement and perception of harassment. Furthermore, a relationship between the dark traits, Rape Myths and perception of harassment was founded. These results have several implications, including our ability to understand perpetrators’ characteristics, the impact of the Dark Tetrad on Rape Myths and perception of harassment, and our ability to develop effective prevention programs.
Morphological Risk Factors for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Tear and Tibial Avulsion Injuries of the Tibial Plateau and Femoral Condyle
Authors: Huang Wen-Tao , Kang Kai , Wang Juan , Li Tong , Dong Jiang-Tao , Gao Shi-Jun
Published: December 2022

Background:

Identification of morphological risk factors associated with the knee that threaten ligaments is important for understanding injury mechanisms and prevention. However, the morphological risk factors for posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) lesions are not clearly understood.

Purpose:

To investigate whether the medial tibial depth (MTD), medial and lateral posterior tibial slope, asymmetry of the medial and lateral slopes, radius of the sagittal plane medial femoral condyle, coronal tibial slope, and notch width index (NWI) were risk factors for PCL intrasubstance tearing (PCLIT) and tibial avulsion fractures (PCLAF).

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Between January 2015 and March 2022, 82 patients with isolated PCLIT, 68 patients with isolated PCLAF, and 82 controls without any ligamentous or meniscal pathologic findings as determined via physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging were included. Values were compared among the 3 groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to confirm the risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic curves were defined for the morphological indicators and combination of risk factors.

Results:

Logistic regression analysis revealed (1) MTD, lateral minus medial posterior tibial slope, radius of the posterior circle of the medial femoral condyle, and NWI as significant independent predictors for PCLIT and (2) MTD and NWI for PCLAF. The areas under the curve combining the 4 indicators for PCLIT and noncontact PCLIT were 0.79 (95% CI, 0.72-0.86) and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.85-0.96), respectively. The area under the curve for the combination of MTD and NWI for PCLAF was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.70-0.86).

Conclusion:

Decreased MTD and NWI were associated with an increased incidence of PCLIT and PCLAF. Increased asymmetry of the medial and lateral slopes and the radius of the posterior circle of the medial femoral condyle were associated with the presence of PCLIT. In addition, the model of a combination of risk factors showed good predictive ability for noncontact PCLIT. These findings may aid clinicians in identifying patients at risk for PCL lesions. Further studies are warranted for identifying the effect of these factors on biomechanical mechanisms.