bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of the Influences on Stress and Temperature Caused by Different Wire Drawing Parameters by Numerical Simulation
Authors: Sun Peng Jie , Zhai Fen Lou , Liu Dong Xu , Yan Jia Li , Ning Jing
Published: September 2013

This paper analysed the first-step of dry drawing of steel cords by numerical simulation. In different working conditions,a couple of simulations were made to analyses the influences on stress and temperature,different work cone angle,drawing speed,high of die bearing . Afer measuring the actual data of temperature experiment, the experimental results were in good great agreement with numerical simulartion.In this paper,some measures were concluded to reduce the drawing stress and temperature,which have guiding significance for the production of steel cord.Key words:Wire drawing die;Hole structure;Temperature;Decoupling
CFD Simulation on Flow Field of Gas-Liquid Taylor Flow in Circular Capillaries
Authors: Pan Zhi Qun , Zhang Xu Bin , Tang Jing , Cai Wang Feng
Published: September 2013

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to simulate the flow field of gas-liquid Taylor flow in circular capillaries. The separate influence of gas bubble velocityVb,Taylor unit lengthLUC, film lengthLfilmand liquid film thicknessδfilmon both the liquid slug velocityVx,topand film velocityVx,filmwere investigated. The values ofVx,topare mainly dependent onVbandδfilmwhileVx,filmrelies on all the four parameters.
The Mechanism of Thermal Decomposition for Ammonium Sulfate and Ammonium Bisulfate via Addition of Ferric Oxide
Authors: Zhou Lv Shan , Ming Da Zeng , Li Zhi Xiang , Li Hu Ping
Published: September 2013

Ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate and ferric oxide are mixed at a molar ratio of 8:5:13 and heated in high temperature muffle furnace or fluidized bed at different temperature. To the sample, the thermal gravimetric (TG) analysis is used, the reaction residue is analyzed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and chemical analysis, the generated gas is qualitatively analyzed as well. The process of thermal decomposition for ammonium sulfate and ammonium bisulfate via addition of Ferric oxide has four stages-the decomposition of ammonium sulfate, the formation of ammonium ferric pyrosulfate, the decomposition of ammonium ferric pyrosulfate, and the decomposition of ferric sulfate. The ammonium ion in sample is completely decomposed at about 500°C. The decomposition ratio of sulfate ion or bisulfate ion is up to 99.8% above 800°C.
Efficient Synthesis of N-(pyridin-4-yl) Salicylamide Derivatives
Authors: Jia Zhong , He Dian , Liang Jian Ping , Wu Jing , Tao Lei , Li Xue Hu , Lu Xi Hong , Xin Zhi Jun
Published: September 2013

A series of N-(pyridin-4-yl) salicylamides derivatives were prepared through acylation of the corresponding acetylsalicyloyl chlorides with substituted 4-amino-pyridines. These compounds might serve as prospective wide-spectrum antimycobacterial substances.
Characteristics and Mechanism Analysis of Reducing Substances in the Injection System of Polymer Flooding
Authors: Zhang Ji Hong , Liu Yong , He Qing Bin , Li Jin Feng
Published: September 2013

As the Temperature Reduces in Heated Waxy Oil Pipeline, Wax Crystal Continues to Precipitate. the Wax Sediment Reduces the Pipeline Transmission Capacity, Increases the Friction Resistance and Raises Power Consumption. to Restore the Pipeline Transmission Capacity and Ensure the Safety Operation of Pipeline, Regular Wax Removing is Needed. Taking the Transition of Flow States into Consideration, Different Formulas of Temperature and Friction Drop under Different Flow States are Applied. Wax Precipitation and Running Cost Corresponding to Different Flow States are Obtained, and the Best Pigging Circle is Determined. Finally, the Effect of Different Flow States on Temperature Drop, Pressure Drop and Pigging Circle of Heated Waxy Oil Pipeline is Analyzed.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Flexible Ligand Coordination Polymer [Co3(bpd)5.5(NCS)6(NH3)]n⋅2H2O(bpd= 1,4-bis (4-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene)
Authors: Liu Yu Qi , Yang Yong , Yang Rui , Xu Xiao Jun
Published: September 2013

A novel metalorganic coordination polymer, namely [Co3(bpd)5.5(NCS)6(NH3)]n2H2O (1) (bpd=1,4-bis (4-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene), has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 presents 2D[3,4,-connected 3-nodal net with the point symbol (4268210)(4462)(8210). In addition, four identical 2D single nets is interlocked with each other in parallel, thus directly leading to the formation of a polycatenated layer (2D2D).
Co-Continuous PPS/PA66 Composites - Part II: Mechanical Performance
Authors: Yin Tao , Gu Yu Qi , Yu Chun Yu , Li Zi Xin
Published: September 2013

Poly (phenylene sulfide) (PPS) was blended with polyamide 66 (PA66) in a wide range of compositions by using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Dynamic mechanical analysis was used in determination of the co-continuous phase. The results allowed to precisely detecting the range of co-continuity. In addition, the mechanical properties of PPS/PA66 composites can also be used to identify the dispersed/matrix phase or co-continuous phase structure.
Wood Materials Applied in Civil Engineering and Wood Industry Management in Latvia: Case Study
Authors: Fedotova Kristine , Geipele Sanda
Published: September 2013

Positive properties of wood materials and advantages of their application substantiate the wide application of wood materials in the green building process. Latvia has forests; therefore, wood as the building material can be considered as the resource available on the local market [1,2,3]. It is one of the oldest materials, which is used in civil engineering, as its positive properties ensure the stable demand for it. Timber is the only widely available renewable material in Latvia, and this fact has a major importance for the decrease in the consumption of the non-renewable resources, therefore, wide application of wood material in the green building is a rather topical issue [4,5]. The aim of the present research is, analyzing the forest industry management in Latvia, to submit proposals for the sustainable development of the forest industry and to ensure the profitability, simultaneously considering the ecological and social aspects.
Spherical Auxetic Shells
Authors: Lim Teik Cheng
Published: September 2013

Materials that exhibit negative Poissons ratio are called auxetic materials. Although such materials are quite rare, they nevertheless exist as naturally occurring materials and artificially made materials. Due to their unique material properties, auxetic materials have been intensively investigated for the past 20 years. This paper studies the effect of auxeticity on the maximum stresses in spherical shells. The results suggest that auxetic materials are not suitable for shells with built-in edge, but highly suitable for shells that are simply supported. For the latter boundary condition, it was found that the ratio of maximum bending stress to the maximum membrane stress diminishes as the Poissons ratio of the shell material approaches-1. This means that under the boundary condition of simple supports, a geometrically thick shell is mechanically equivalent to a thin or membrane shell, and therefore the use of membrane shell theory suffices even for a reasonably thick shell if the shell material is highly auxetic.
3D Measurement of Anatomic Parameters and Development of a Digital Design to Improve the Outcome of Lower-Extremity Surgery
Authors: Ding Huan Wen , Yu Guang Wen , Tu Qiang , Jia Jun Feng , Shen Jian Jian , Wang Ying Jun
Published: September 2013

To overcome disadvantages of the older surgical model, we invented a new three-dimensional (3D) correction surgery design after studying computer-aided 3D model analysis. Three-dimensional reconstruction was carried out for computed tomographic (CT) scans of patients with normal bilateral lower extremities; an anatomical model was established; and the normal values of 3D anatomic parameters of the lower-extremity joints were measured with computer assistance. An osteotomy procedure was simulated using a computer, appropriate osteotomy site, and osteotomy angle, and an osteotomy method was selected. Computer-assisted design (CAD) was used to produce an individualized auxiliary osteotomy template for guiding the osteotomy and an auxiliary correction template for guiding correction surgery. Finally, we accurately performed surgery according to the preoperative design. All surgeries were performed successfully and postoperative x-ray films showed satisfactory deformity correction. Computer-aided lower-extremity joint correction surgery is more accurate and convenient than conventional surgery.
Safety P-Cycle Protection Mechanism for Smart Power Device
Authors: Li Bin , Xiong Ke Qing , Sun Yi , Qi Bing
Published: September 2013

Power converter with full closed loop water cooling system, works not only use water cooling characteristics of high efficiency, but also the electricity, and reducing the volume to prevent contamination. In this paper, we proposed a novel p-cycle safety protection approach that can provide rapid cycling radiating, and can restore the status of power device. For power cabinet composition, IGBT power modules and reactors is primarary radiating components, in which IGBT power modules that used for water cooling solution is modeled as the cooled automobile engine cooling system using cycling design principle. Besides, machine side and the network side of the power module is installed in separate cabinet to improve the tightness of the entire cabinet, in order to resist sandstorms.
Quantitative Analysis of Mixtures Using Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy and Different PLS Algorithms
Authors: Chen Tao , Li Zhi , Hu Fang Rong , Mo Wei
Published: September 2013

This paper attempted the feasibility to determine component concentrations in multicomponent mixtures with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) combined with different partial least-squares regression (PLS) algorithms. First, THz absorbance spectra for 75 ternary mixtures of anhydrous theophylline, lactose monohydrate and magnesium stearate were investigated using THz-TDS in the frequency range from 0.1 to 3.0 THz, then four different PLS methods, including interval PLS (iPLS), backward interval PLS (biPLS), synergy interval PLS (siPLS) and moving window PLS (mwPLS), were employed to perform quantitative analysis of anhydrous theophylline concentrations in ternary mixtures. The performance of mwPLS model is the best in contrast to other PLS models and full spectrum PLS. The optimal model was achieved with higher correlation coefficient for calibration (RC) of 0.9842, higher correlation coefficient for prediction (RP) of 0.9851, lower root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) of 3.8241, and lower root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 4.1540. Experimental results demonstrate that THz spectroscopy combined with PLS algorithms could be successfully applied as an effective nondestructive tool for the quantitative analysis of component concentrations in multicomponent mixtures, and mwPLS is an ideal method for reducing the complexity and improving the performance of the model.
Measuring the Geographical Dispersion of World Petroleum Trade
Authors: Hong Yu , Yuan Huiai , Su Hong Wei
Published: September 2013

This study proposes an approach to measure the changing geographical dispersion of world trade by using modified HirschmannHerfindahl index. We report the results for both imports and exports of world trade in three petroleum products. We argue that the world averages should be employed as a modification when assessing the geographical dispersion of an individual countrys petroleum trade. Finally, we apply the modification technique in the analysis of Chinese petroleum safety strategy.
Metal Magnetic Memory Signal Analysis Based on EMD Method
Authors: Yu Xia , Fan Jun Feng , Zhang Wei Ming , Qiu Zhong Chao
Published: September 2013

In order to determine stress concentration zones and defects on the surface of ferromagnetic components, the empirical model decomposition (EMD) method was proposed to eliminate noise interference of metal magnetic memory signal. Tensile-tensile fatigue test of 16MnR steel with prefabricated defects were carried out, and magnetic signals were measured using GMR sensor. The original metal magnetic memory signal was first decomposed into different intrinsic mode functions (IMF) and a residue, and reconstructed signal was obtained on the basis of the degree of the correlation coefficient. Results indicate that the reconstruction signal displays the maxima at 30mm, and there is a good correlation between the real maxima and the stress concentration zone. The EMD method is a effective signal processing method about magnetic memory signal containing some interference factors.
Blocking RWA Model Analysis in Irregular OTN Topology
Authors: Li Jun , Sun Yi , Wu Zhi Dong , Li Jiang Sheng
Published: September 2013

Wavelength converters (WC) that configured on the nodes can make the same wavelength optical channel from the continuity constraints, if it is configured suitable, it will effectively reduce the network congestion ratio. In this paper, we investigate the sub graph algorithm with blocking RWA model for the large capacity optical transport. Because the price is more expensive WC, it can not be deployed in all nodes considering the increasing costs and maintenance complexity. We investigated is the WC configuration during network construction, with only part of the network node configuration. The studies show that the rational allocation of part of the WC can get nearly the same performance as the full wavelength conversion network.
The Study on Dynamic Characteristics for Heald Frame Designed by New Type Composite of Carbon-Fibre
Authors: Qiu Hai Fei , Wang Yi Xuan , Wu Song Lin
Published: September 2013

For reducing heald frames vibration and noise in the process of weaving, composite of Carbon-Fibre was applied to it, and three methods of lay up for laminate was designed in the paper. Finite element model of the heald frame was set up, and element shell 181 was used to simulate different layers of the composite material, then some important natural frequencies and vibration modes were calculated, and the results of that was compared with another heald frame made of aluminium alloy. The analysis result indicated that, the second method for laying had an optimum dynamic characteristics, based on that, fundamental frequency of the heald frame was increased by 19.48Hz, and self-weight of it was lightened about 26.82%. In results, lightweight design of the heald frame was come true, at the same time, vibration resistance of it was also strengthened effectively.
Cyclic MAM Synthesis of CaMoO4:Er3+/Yb3+ Particles and their Upconversion Photoluminescence Properties
Authors: Lim Chang Sung
Published: September 2013

Er3+doped CaMoO4(CaMoO4:Er3+) and Er3+/Yb3+co-doped CaMoO4(CaMoO4:Er3+/Yb3+) particles was successfully synthesized by a cyclic microwave-assisted metathetic (MAM) method, followed by heat-treatment. Well-crystallized UC CaMoO4:Er3+/Yb3+particles formed after heat-treatment at 600°C for 3 h showed a fine and homogeneous morphology with particle sizes of 1-3 μm. At excitation at 980 nm, CaMoO4:Er3+/Yb3+particles exhibited a strong 525-nm emission band and a weak 550-nm emission band in the green region, and a weak 655-nm emission band in the red region. The UC intensities of CaMoO4:Er3+/Yb3+particles were much higher than that of the CaMoO4:Er3+particles. The Raman spectra of CaMoO4:Er3+and CaMoO4:Er3+/Yb3+particles indicated the appearance of additional strong peaks in comparision with that of pure CaMoO4.
A Research Method and its Realization of Machine Tool Ergonomic Design
Authors: Yu Ming Jiu , Chen Deng Kai , Yu Sui Huai
Published: September 2013

A design thought based on ergonomics constraint is introduced to machine tool operating components design in this paper, and a design method of machine tool operating components is researched and provided which is realized by applying database technology and Secondary development technology based a '3D entity parameterized modeling software system platform. This method tests and verifies instrumentalizing the knowledge about industrial design and ergonomics.
Incentive Mechanism to Promote Supplier's R&D of Green Technology in Supply Chain
Authors: Zhang Ding Yue
Published: September 2013

For a two-echelon supply chain consisted of one manufacturer and one supplier, the incentive mechanism is designed for the supplier to reduce the production cost of green intermediate products by the manufacturer. It is proposed under the situation of asymmetric information on the endeavor level of supplier to promote the initiative of suppliers technology R&D. The design process of the incentive mechanism in the face of moral hazard problems is discussed by the manufacturer. It indicates that the manufacturer can adopt linear incentive payment according to different periods of producing and marketing. The results manifest that the proposed incentive mechanism will promote the supplier's efforts on R&D as far as possible and make the profits of the members Pareto improvement distinctly. The paper affords great guidance on operating decisions for the green supply chain at initial stages of the green market.
Minimum Operating Cost Planning for Micro-Grid Power Source Based on Multi-Energy Source Hybrid Power Supply
Authors: Cheng Hao , Liu Zhong Jing
Published: September 2013

The reasonable deployment of micro-grid power supply determines the application domain and flexibility of micro grid. Because the micro-grid investors, beneficiary, management mode, etc. are fairly different from those of traditional power grid. From the perspective of micro grid users or operators, this paper analyzes the operating and maintenance cost of power pack of multi-energy source hybrid power supply, designs the micro-grid power pack model of multi-energy source hybrid power supply by use of static planning measure, aiming at the minimization of operating cost, and analyzes the power pack configuration under the condition of different minimum operating costs by case study and how to achieve the operating and maintenance profits and reliability.
Preparation and Characterization of Quartz Porous Ceramic Materials Using the Yangtze River Sand
Authors: Feng Yan Ping , Qiu Zhi Wen , Ma Xiao Bin , Zhao Lei , Chen Xin Chao , He Qin Qin , Zhou Jian Feng , Ma Xiao Dong , Wang Zhi Wen , Li Qiang , Song Jie Guang , Fu Wei , Wang Fang , Li Shi Bin , Wang Xiu Qin , Liu Rong Jin
Published: September 2013

In order to lay raw materials foundation for increasing the performance of insulating brick with the low grade quartz sand along the Yangtze River, the quartz porous ceramic materials was researched in this paper. The results show the porosity of the porous quartz ceramics decreased with an increase in the sintering temperature. The pore is like the bowl shape, and the pore is closed pore, which is help to improve the heat insulation property of quartz porous ceramics. The CaSiO4 is produced in the ceramics after sintering processing. The shape is better, and the microstructure is circular and symmetrical pore, which is help to improve the mechanical property of quartz porous ceramics.
Co-Continuous PPS/PA66 Composites - Part I: Phase Morphology and Structure
Authors: Yin Tao , Gu Yu Qi , Gao Jie Hua , Yu Wen Yue
Published: September 2013

Poly (phenylene sulfide) (PPS) was blended with polyamide 66 (PA66) in a wide range of compositions by using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Scanning electron microscopy and solvent extraction were employed to detect phase morphology of PPS/PA66 composites. The results demonstrated that the phase morphology of PPS/PA66 composites changed from PA66 dispersed phase in PPS matrix to co-continuous phase, and then PPS dispersed phase in PA66 matrix with the increase of PA66 content.
Study of Effects of Differential via on Signal Integrity
Authors: Wang Da Long , Wu Zheng Bin , Wang Jian
Published: September 2013

If characteristic impedance along a transmission line mismatch on a printed circuit board, high-speed signal has serious signal integrity problems. When signal path of a differential pair jumps layers, mismatched impedance between differential via and differential line will affect the signal integrity. The models of a coupled transmission line and via are presented in this paper. Impedance matching of the coupled transmission line and differential via for differential signals is studied. The effects of differential via dimensions on differential signals is simulated and analyzed.
Magnetically Controlled Reactor Tap Ratio Optimization Research
Authors: Liu Hai Peng , Yin Zhong Dong , Duan Shao Mi
Published: September 2013

The tap ratio of magnetic controllable reactor (MCR) has an important influence on the response speed and active power loss. With various applications of MCR, the focuses of MCRs response speed and active power loss are different, which makes the design of the tap ratio different. According to MCRs most widely application--- power system reactive power voltage control---the effect of the tap ratio on the response speed and active power loss was considered. The tap ratio of magnetic controllable reactor was optimized based on the dynamic optimal algorithm of MATLAB, which made the response speed and the active power loss of MCR stay in the equilibrium optimal state, and a general formula was given. Through the simulations of ANSYS and PSCAD software, the feasibility of this theory is verified, and a solid theoretical foundation for the wider practical application of magnetic controllable reactor is provided.
Research and Application of Load Control Based on Setpoint Overshoot Method
Authors: Li Jun , Li Wei Wei , Wang Zhao Xin
Published: September 2013

Principles and characteristics of setpoint overshoot method are illustrated. The proposed method has been developed for PID controller tuning of an unidentified process using closed loop experiments. It requires one closed-loop step setpoint response experiment using a proportional only controller, and it mainly uses information about the first peak (overshoot) which is very easy to identify. It was applied in turbine of power plant to tune the PI parameters of load control. The application results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
Analysis of the Development Trend of Intelligent Power Grid
Authors: Feng Qing Dong , Zhao Dong Lai
Published: September 2013

This articles analyzes the difficulties and problems of smart power system construction, based on China's energy security and smart grid systems, proposes the key tasks, key technology and equipment of the construction, analyzes current progress of related technology and technology route of future research and development.
The Game-Theoretic Approach to Pricing in China's Semi-Deregulated Electricity Market
Authors: Shu Zhe , Mei Shan , Wang Wei Ping
Published: September 2013

In Chinas semi-deregulated electricity market, a game-theoretic model has been set between users and power suppliers in order to ensure the whole network voltage load curve stay smooth, as well as to make the suppliers profitable on the basis of the satisfaction of users in power utilization in daily lives. The foundation of the model is the definition of the price elasticity of demand and its characters in micro-economy. According to this model, a Bayesian Nash equilibrium has been put forward based on the demand price elasticity, which can not only smooth the whole network voltage load curve effectively through the reciprocal process between users and power suppliers, but also can optimize the profit of the power suppliers. The simulation results of the voltage load curves and price changes graphs show the effectiveness of modeling simulation.
Research on Seamless Transfer Strategy of Micro-Grid Based on Energy Storage
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wu Zai Jun , Dou Xiao Bo , Sun Chun Jun , Zhao Bo
Published: September 2013

Energy storage plays a vital role in the reliable operation of Micro-Grid (MG) due to its characteristic of running stabilization and control flexibility. It can act as the master inverter and maintain system voltage and frequency stability as MG in off-grid mode under voltage control mode. During the transfer of MG from grid-connected mode to off-grid mode, the PCC (point of common coupling) three-phase static switch cant shut off at the same time. Moreover it needs to match the MG voltage and utility grid voltage when the islanded MG needs to reconnect to the utility grid.In order to solve these problems, a control strategy of grid-connected/off-grid seamless transfer based on energy storage is proposed. Simulation was presented from a MG platform including photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT) and energy storage and the result shows the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Dynamic Simulation of a Microgrid with Renewable Microsources Based on DIgSILENT/PowerFactory
Authors: Wang Min , Li Yong Qing , Zhang Cheng Fei , Cai Dong Yang , Yuan Yue
Published: September 2013

According to characteristics of the power grid in China, a framework of microgrid for distributed generations (DGs) integration is proposed. To ensure the reliability of power supply, the framework access distribution network by single-bus section. The DGs consist of photovoltaic (PV) system, wind power system and energy storage system. Based on the proposed framework and control strategy, the models of distributed generations were built in DIgSILENT/PowerFactory. According to the control strategy, three cases were analyzed: 1) the dynamic operating characteristics of the microgrid from grid-connected mode to isolated mode; 2) the dynamic operating characteristics of the microgrid with wind speed fluctuation disturbance in grid-connected mode and islanded mode; 3) the influence to microgrid operation in different fault types and locations. The simulation results show that the proposed framework of microgrid conforms to Chinas power grid feature and the control strategy can ensure safety and reliable operation under different situation.
Design and Implementation of Visualizing the Intelligent Dispatching and Maintenance Arrangement System for 110kV Power Grid
Authors: Xu Zhen Chao , Yao Jian Gang , Wei Yi Long
Published: September 2013

In the context of the rapid growth in electricity demand and the expanding of the power grid, grid dispatching and maintenance is becoming increasingly complex. To improve the dispatching and maintenance scheduling in distribution network, the “Intelligent Dispatching and Maintenance Arrangement System for 110kV Power Grid” was developed. This paper describes the design framework and functions of the system, and also briefly introduces the visual development tools-TWaver. Finally, the implementation of visualizing the real-time dynamic display of network power flow as well as the optimization result of maintenance schedule is given and realized a visual and intelligent mode of dispatching and maintenance scheduling effectively. The system has been put into operation in a grid with a stable and reliable performance, and shows the practicality and effectiveness of the system.
Problem Analysis and Treatment Based on Condensate Polishing System in 600MW Unit of Power Plant
Authors: Yang Tao , Wang Shao Jun , Liu Yao Kai , Zhao Zhan Sheng , Lv Gao Zhi
Published: September 2013

Various feasible solutions were proposed to solve the problems of debugging condensate polishing system in 600MW unit of Power Plant, such as unsuitable hydraulic test, poor effect of resin regeneration, imperfect program control interlock protection and so on, which ensured safe and steady operation of whole system.
Study on Forecasting Model of Monthly Electricity Consumption Based on Kernel Partial Least-Squares and Exponential Smoothing Method
Authors: Wang Hai Yan , Chen Shi Jun
Published: September 2013

it is very necessary for electricity market operation to accurate forecasting monthly electricity consumption, influencing factors of electricity consumption, there are non-linear and strong correlation, taking into account the cyclical trend of the monthly electricity consumption, this paper raises a monthly electricity consumption forecast model based on kernel partial least squares and exponential smoothing regression. The forecast model is the first to use kernel partial least squares regression methods to predict the annual electricity consumption, and then combined with exponential smoothing obtained monthly electricity accounts for the proportion of electricity consumption throughout the year for each month of the year to be measured power consumption . Instance analysis and calculation results show that the method has higher prediction accuracy, good practicality and feasibility.
Effect of PMMA and Graphene Addition on the Performances of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Ou Cheng Fang , Chen Pei Yun
Published: September 2013

Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is a wide application in active layer of solar cell. It is a soluble conductive polymer but their mechanical properties are poor and its conductivity is unstable in environmental condition. We add polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) into active layer to overcome these disadvantages. We investigated the effect of adding PMMA and graphene into solar cell on its characteristics of polymer solar cell. The cell structure was ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM:PMMA/Ca/Al. The 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06 weight ratio of PMMA were added into the P3HT:PCBM (1:1 ratio by weight) active layer. The device with 0.04 PMMA exhibits the highest short circuit current density (Jsc, 9.01 mA/cm2 ) and power conversion efficiency (PCE, 3.39%). The increases of Jsc and PCE are 26.5% and 49.3%, respectively compared with the device based on the pristine P3HT:PCBM active layer giving Jsc and PCE of 7.12 mA/cm2 and 2.27%. Graphene exhibits good electron conductivity, thermal conductivity, chemical stability and strength. We investigated the effect of inserting graphene between hole transfer layer (HTL) of poly (ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS) (PEDOT:PSS) and active layer on the characteristics of polymer solar cell. The cell structure was ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Graphene/P3HT:PCBM:PMMA/Ca/Al. The concentration of graphene solution was 2.2 mg/ml and the graphene layer was coated by spin-coating at 6000 rpm and the weight ratio of PMMA in the P3HT:PCBM active layer was 0.04. The Jsc of device was increased to 9.45 mA/cm2 , an increase of 32.7%. The PCE of the device was increased to 3.63%, an increase of 59.9%.
Effect of Bi Addition on the Electrochemical Behavior of Zinc Electrodes in Concentrated Alkaline Solutions
Authors: Liang Hong Xia , Li Fu Rong , Wang Zhi Lin
Published: September 2013

The electrochemical behavior of zinc electrode with bismuth addition in 35%KOH solutions has been investigated systematically by electrochemical methods including linear polarization, potentiostatic polarization, potential-time measurements at a constant current density, combining the observations of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Linear polarization results showed that the open circuit potential shifted positively with increasing bismuth content, which is explained based on the gassing data and change in the exchange current of the zinc electrode. Addition of bismuth increased the exchange current of zinc reaction and caused an increase in the measured open circuit potential. Galvanostatic results showed that the addition of bismuth shortened the passivation time. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the addition of bismuth aggravated the corrosion of zinc electrode which may be responsible for the increased tendency to passivation at high current densities. It has been found that at low current densities the reaction kinetics may be increased by addition of Bi, which is general agreement with the discharging test of actual alkaline batteries.
Research on Hydrocracking Reaction Conditions of Heavy Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
Authors: Yu Zhao Xiang , Xu Deng Hua
Published: September 2013

By using heavy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon from a factory in Northwest China as raw material and 6% Ni/USY as catalyst, a study on hydrogenation process is carried out with a high-pressure hydrocracking assessment device, which mainly focuses on investigating the effect of LHSV, oil hydrogen ratio, temperature and pressure on heavy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Experimental results show that under the condition that the optimum LHSV is 3.0 h-1 and the ratio of oil to hydrogen is 600, both conversion rate of heavy components and yield of one-membered ring increase at first and then decrease with reaction temperature, with the peak value of conversion rate at 320°C and yield peak at 340°C. Though fluctuates with the increase of pressure, but conversion rate of heavy components shows an overall upward trend. Yield of one-membered ring increases at first and then decreases with pressure, and eventually tends to stabilize. When the temperature is greater than 300°C, the yield slightly fluctuates with pressure and shows an overall increasing trend.
Synthesis and Application of a Polyether Demulsifiers
Authors: Wei Nan Ning
Published: September 2013

Aimed at the high water cut crude oil in Daqing Oilfield, polyether demulsifiers was synthesized indoor to investigate the dehydration effect of different initiator, catalyst, the mixture ratio of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, block number of demulsifier on demulsifier. The results show that the polyether demulsifiers have high dehydration rate and out of the water of dehydration was clear. After using the polyether demulsifier, the crude oil demulsification temperature decreased from 55 °C to 40 °C and the average water cut of the crude oil is about 0.20%, it is reached the national crude oil external transport standard.
Analysis of Coke Oven Gas Dehydration Technology for Vehicles
Authors: He Feng , Li Huan , Li Hui Lin , Li Yi Ming , Wang Hai Tao
Published: September 2013

Coke oven gas is an alternative hydrogen-rich fuel for vehicles, the water vapor in it will result in corrosion and seal damage of the engine combustion chamber. The paper describes the method and principle of COG dehydration, through the analysis of gas dehydration technology, determines the program of coke oven gas dehydration, and implements it in the coke oven gas stations. The result shows the coke oven gas after dehydration meets automotive requirements.
Synthesis of Chiral Azobenzene and their Effect on Cholesteric Liquid Crystal
Authors: Ding Hang Jun , Mu Li Na , Yang Zhou , Yang Huai
Published: September 2013

A kind of chiral azobenzene was synthesized. The formation of chiral azobenzene was conﬁrmed by IR and1H NMR spectroscopy, and mesomorphic properties were investigated by DSC and POM. The reversible optically induced switching effect betweentransandcisisomer of chiral azobenzene was demonstrated by a UV/Vis/NIR spectrophotometer. It was found that cholesteric liquid crystal molecular alignment could be adjusted by these chiral azobenzene.
Study on Energy Structure and Energy Security in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Song Yu Chen , Gao Ming , Meng Hai Dong , Zhang Yuan , Han Yan
Published: September 2013

The status of the energy structure, the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth, the relationship between energy consumption and ecological environment in Inner Mongolia were analyzed. The study of energy structure in Inner Mongolia found out that coal accounts for a larger proportion of the energy structure in Inner Mongolia and Inner Mongolia's energy structure is unsafe. The main problem of energy security in Inner Mongolia is the large number of exploitation and use of coal and other fossil energy, it will pose a huge threat to ecological environment. The correlation analysis of the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth found out that there is a high positive correlation between economic growth and energy consumption, the formulation and implementation of energy policies in Inner Mongolia will have a greater impact on economic growth. This unreasonable energy structure has brought great pressure on energy security, economic development and environmental governance. Paper also gives some advices and proposals on optimizing energy structure and ensuring energy security.
Study on Deoxidization of Coal-Bed Methane under Low Temperature
Authors: Jing Rui Jun , Zhang Yong Fa , Wang Ying , Li Xiang Lan
Published: September 2013

The deoxidization of coal-bed methane is carried out under low temperature which ranges from 150°C to 200°C. In the three deoxidizers, the deoxidization characteristic of BJ-1 is mainly studied. With the function of BJ-1, oxygen content can be reduced to 1% or less. Moreover, the CBM whose CH4 content is below 30%, can be deoxygenated safely. When the space velocity exceeds 25000h-1, the oxygen content of outlet gas begin to great than 1%. In addition, through the experiment, the initial deoxidization temperature is determined as 160°C.
The Impact of Effective Expansion around on Energy Enterprise Value
Authors: Li Ze Hong , Meng Xiang Yu
Published: September 2013

Financial management objectives have gone through three stages; they were maximization of profit, maximization of shareholders' equity and maximization of enterprise value. At present, the maximization of enterprise value is the most widely used financial management objective. Energy enterprise as the foundation of economic operation, it has economy nature and social nature for social and environmental responsibilities. It is important to weigh the interests of all parties to make energy enterprise value achieve real maximum. In this paper, energy enterprise effectiveness will be expanded, and discounted cash flow model will be used to analysis the impact of effective expansion around on energy enterprise value.
Growth Evaluation of Listed Companies of China's New Energy Industry
Authors: Han Li Hong , Liu Li
Published: September 2013

The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the growth of listed companies of China's new energy industry. This paper establishes a growth evaluation index system which contains nine financial indicators and two non-financial indicators, and then selects a total of 50 listed companies that belong to five new energy types as an evaluation sample. Factor analysis is used to analyze growth evaluation data of these 50 listed companies. According to the results of factor analysis, an objective evaluation on China's new energy industry listed companies is made.
Gas Fractal Seepage Properties Research in Soft-Slicing Coal with Triaxial Pressure System
Authors: Zhang Fu Kai , Xu Long Jun , Yue Fen Hua , Zhang Xiao Qin , Feng Yu Zhao , Chen Zhi Li , Xie Peng Cheng
Published: September 2013

Pore structure of soft-slicing coal (SSC) is analyzed with physical adsorption method. Several experiment schemes are designed to carry out the tests of gas seepage characteristics of soft-slicing coal at the different confining pressures, gas pressures and axial pressures, with the self-developed gas seepage triaxial pressure experimental system. The typical coal from TianFu coal mine is especially sampled with different designed surface area parameters. The experiment results demonstrate the relations between the seepage velocity, the effective axial feed, and gas pressure. Under the conditions of the constant axial and confining pressure, the seepage velocity increases in an exponent way with gas pressure increasing, the permeability coefficient decreases in negative exponent, and this seepage process shows capacity fractal properties.
Exergy Analysis of Energy Utilization for China's Railway Transport Enterprises, from 2006-2010
Authors: Peng Dao Ping , Huang Tao , Li Yun Zhen , Zhao Rui , Tao Xue Feng
Published: September 2013

The total exergy and exergy efficiencies have been calculated based on the energy utilization of Chinas railway transport from 2006 to 2010. The preliminary results indicate that: (1) the major fuels for China railway transport are diesel, coal and electricity; (2) The total exergy consumption is calculated as 491.59 PJ in 2006 and 480.19 PJ in 2010, which is approximately in accordance with Chinas economic growth rate. (3) With railway electrification and green technology being emerged in the transport system, the energy structure is considered upgrading gradually,e.g.more environment-friendly energy is used to be the alternative fuels. (4) The weighted mean of exergy efficiencies range from 26.41% to 26.62%, which are less than the conventional efficiency 28%, due to the irreversibility of exergy loss. In addition, both time and structural variation of the total exergy consumption and efficiency provides an insight to China's socio-economy, but also helps improve the national energy policies.
Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Environmentally Friendly Phase Change Energy Storage Coating Additive
Authors: Fu Peng , Xi Peng , Zhao Fu Lai , Cheng Bo Wen
Published: September 2013

Waterborne polyurethane (PU) coatings are diluted with water as the medium, without volatile organic solvents and harmful to human body and environment. Adding insulation materials in building individually is a waste of resource. We found a kind of waterborne PU phase change energy storage material easily dissolved and formed film after solvent evaporating having the potential of coating. In this article, we synthesized a new kind of waterborne PU phase change energy storage coating additive via two-step synthesis method, of which a new type of aromatic tetrahydroxycompound (ATTC) is used as branch unit, 4, 4'-diphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) respectively as hard and soft segments. POM photographs show that the sphaerocrystals of this new coating additive can reach 200-500μm. The crystal structure is characterized by XRD, and the phase change unit is PEG. DSC tests show that the phase change enthalpy value of this coating additive is very high reached more than 90 J/g. The preservation of this water-soluble PU coating is relatively simple, using water as solvent, which can be easy to dissolve in water and form film after water evaporated.
Comparison of Air Distribution of Induced Ventilation System's Different Exhaust Way in Underground Garage
Authors: Shang Shao Wen , Xing Yan
Published: September 2013

Induced ventilation system with the advantages of simple system and convenient installation has been widely used in China's underground garage ventilation design and showed an increasing trend. In this paper, the numerical simulation is done to the different air exhaust way of induction ventilation system of an underground garage. The two air exhaust ways are upper exhaust and upper 1/3 and lower 2/3. By analyzing airflow organization and pollutant concentration of the two exhaust ways, we can derive that upper 1/3 and lower 2/3 air exhaust way is conducive to the discharge of pollutants.
Prediction of the Heat-Insulating Crumb Rubber Brick Walls Design by the Finite Element Method
Authors: Namboonruang Weerapol , Rawangkul Rattanakorn , Yodsudjai Wanchai , Aramraks Trakool , Suphadon Nutthanan
Published: September 2013

Nowadays, materials used to construct house or building wall areconsidered not only in the physical material behaviour but also energy conscious and economic factor. Adding crumb rubber to the brick composite is one of many methods to develop the properties of bricks. As widely known,the finite element method (FEM) is a tool used for finding accurate solutions of the heat transfer equation of materials including the composite bricks. In this paper an investigation of the heat transfer of a soil cement brick containing crumb rubber particles, is presented and compared to results of finite element analysis (FEA) simulation. To determine the effect of crumb rubber to the heat transfer behaviour of soil cement brick, different volume fractions are varied by 10, 20, 30 and 40%. It was reported that a modelling application reveals good correspondence with the experimental results.
The Application of PC Technology in Public Buildings: A Case Study of Security Center in "Twelfth National Athletics"
Authors: Gu Wei , Zhao Yu , Zhang Dong Xu
Published: September 2013

Precast Concrete Structure Technology has been used in residential industry, but still less in public building areas. The project uses the PC technology, especially the production of the constructional element in the factory, and the installation of the construction in the site and the progress of the operation in the Social field, running water system of the formation of ordered factory jobs. There will be many advantages, including of improving the quality, the efficiency, and the life of construction, at the same time, reducing the consumption of the energy, and interference. In the actual construction process there is a lot of specific problem, such as the connection between PC and RC, and the management problem of PC construction and so on. It will be summarized that the shortage about the application of PC technology in public building at present and explore the application of PC technology in public building areas for promoting the development of technology in the future.
Three-Stage Precise Converter in EV Charging-Discharging-Storage Integration Station
Authors: Jia Yu Jian , Xie Da , Fang Xin Yu , Feng Jun Qi
Published: September 2013

Converter in EV (electric vehicle) charging-discharging-storage integration station must satisfy the correlation objects. These include: lower harmonic and higher energy conversion efficiency, benefits to battery life, adaption to different batteries, and adjustable charging current. In this paper, we propose a three-stage circuit topology, based on precise charging control, which is able to accomplish these goals on a lithium ion polymer battery pack. It is expected that the converter will also work well on other battery chemistries. In order to use three-stage converter to charge precisely, we need to first design each stage circuit and control strategy. The final strategy can accurately capture the voltage of each DC bus and the charging current of a cell. We also give the analysis of factors affecting battery life and energy conversion efficiency, whereby the three-stage converter is in practice. Comparing with charging simulations of batteries in conventional converter, those in three-stage converter are conducted. Results are presented that that it is possible to achieve more precise charging in integrality of battery charging and extension of battery life than the conventional converter expected in an implementation.
Research on Driving Factors of Green Innovation in China’s Auto Parts Manufacturing Enterprises
Authors: Yang Hong , Zhang Jian
Published: September 2013

With the green innovation has become the inevitable trend of enterprise development, this paper analyzed the main drivers of green innovation in Chinas auto parts manufacturing enterprises. Through the factor analysis method and regression method, using survey research for the study, we drew contribution of each driver of green innovation, and on the basis of quantitative analysis, put forward the corresponding improvement countermeasures.