bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigation of Ultra-Wide Low-Frequency Wave Attenuation Using Seismic Metamaterials with Auxetic Slender Strips
Authors: Liu Haosheng , Zhang Hongbo
Published: December 2024

Seismic metamaterials are an emerging vibration-damping technology, yet concentrating the bandgap in the low-frequency range remains challenging due to the constraints imposed by lattice size. In this study, we numerically investigated seismic metamaterials connected by auxetic (negative Poisson’s ratio) slender strips, which exhibit an exceptionally wide low-frequency band gap for vibration isolation. Using a finite element method, we first performed a comparative analysis of several representative seismic metamaterial configurations. The results showed that the auxetic thin strip-connected steel column structure demonstrated outstanding performance, with the first complete band gap starting at 1.61 Hz, ending at 80.40 Hz, spanning a width of 78.79 Hz, and achieving a relative bandwidth of 192.15%. Notably, while most existing designs feature lattice constants in the ten-meter range (with the smallest around two meters), our proposed structure achieves these results with a lattice constant of only one meter. We further analyzed the transmission characteristics of the steel column structure, both with and without concrete filling. Interestingly, significant vibration attenuation, approaching 70 dB, was observed below the first complete band gap (approximately 0.22–1.17 Hz), even without the use of concrete. By comparing the flexural wave band gap with the transmission spectrum, we attributed this attenuation primarily to the presence of the band gap, a phenomenon often overlooked in previous studies. This attenuation at lower frequencies highlights the potential for effectively reducing low-frequency vibration energy. To further enhance the attenuation, the number of periods in the propagation direction can be increased. Additionally, we systematically explored the influence of geometric parameters on the first complete band gap. We found that optimal results were achieved with a slender strip length of 0.05 m, its width between 0.05 and 0.1 m, and a steel structure width of 0.1 m. Our findings underscore the critical role of auxetic thin strips in achieving broadband low-frequency vibration isolation. The approach presented in this study, along with the discovery of low-frequency flexural wave band gaps, provides valuable insights for seismic engineering and other applications requiring effective vibration reduction strategies.
Biodiversity of Non-Apis Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in the Potohar Region of Pakistan
Authors: Aslam Sumera , Naeem Muhammad , Hussain Sabir , Riasat Maryam , Rafi Muhammad Ather , Zia Ahmed , Rafique Muhammad Khalid , Bashir Nawaz Haider , Chen Huanhuan
Published: December 2024

Bees are essential for providing ecosystem services such as pollination to many crops worldwide. However, there is growing concern over the decline of bee populations, which threatens agricultural productivity. Despite the known importance of bees, including non-Apis bees, in crop pollination, their diversity and distribution remain understudied in the Potohar region of Pakistan. The current study addresses this gap by assessing the biodiversity of non-Apis bees across five districts of the Potohar region, Pakistan: Attock, Chakwal, Jhelum, Rawalpindi, and Islamabad. The objective was to evaluate the species richness, diversity, and evenness using various richness and diversity indices. A total of 2005 specimens, representing 27 species from 13 genera and five families (Apidae, Halictidae, Colletidae, Megachilidae, and Andrenidae), were collected over 24 surveys conducted between 2012 and 2015. Two richness indices, Shannon’s Species Richness Index and Margalef’s Richness Index, showed moderate to high species richness across localities, with values ranging from 2.378 to 4.186 and 1.508 to 2.711, respectively. Simpson’s Index and Simpson’s Reciprocal Index exhibited dominance and high diversity across sites, with values ranging from 0.094 to 0.880 and 4.446 to 11.315, respectively. Additionally, the Shannon–Wiener and Shannon Equitability indices indicated fairly even species distributions across localities. A correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between most indices, except for Simpson’s Reciprocal Index, which showed negative correlations with the other indices. These findings provide crucial insights into the biodiversity of non-Apis bees in the Potohar region and underscore the importance of maintaining diverse pollinator communities to support sustainable agriculture in the area.
Habitat Assessment for the Spiny Red Gurnard Chelidonichthys spinosus Using Habitat Suitability Index in the East China Sea and Southern Yellow Sea
Authors: Zhang Hanye , Liu Zunlei , Song Xiaojing , Cheng Jiahua , Ling Jianzhong
Published: December 2024

Chelidonichthys spinosus is a common fish distributed in the Northwest Pacific. To ensure sustainable utilization, it is crucial to understand the potential impacts of environmental changes on habitat suitability. A habitat suitability index (HSI) model was developed for C. spinosus based on seasonal bottom trawling survey data and remote-sensing oceanographic data collected in the East China Sea and southern Yellow Sea from 2015 to 2017. The model examined the relationships between the spatio-temporal distribution of fish and environmental variables. The suitable ranges of sea bottom temperature, sea bottom salinity, depth and chlorophyll-a for C. spinosus in four seasons were identified. Each variable was then combined into the HSI model with weights defined by the Gradient Boosting Regression Tree. The spatial distribution and the centroid of the HSI revealed that C. spinosus exhibits a seasonal southward and southwestward migratory pattern throughout the year. This migration pattern indicates the suitable habitats for reproductive, feeding, and overwintering activities. The conservation of C. spinosus resources is a matter of great urgency, and some of the feasible proposals have been put forth in this purpose.
Low-Grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma: A Case Report of a Rare Uterine Malignancy Mimicking Degenerative Uterine Leiomyoma in a Nulliparous Woman
Authors: Lee Hyun Kyung , Jang Weon , Kim Kyoung Min , Song Ji Soo
Published: December 2024

Background and Clinical Significance: Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LGESS) is a rare uterine malignancy that causes non-specific symptoms which presents more typically in younger women compared to other uterine sarcomas. Preoperative diagnosis of myometrial LGESS is challenging, as it is frequently mistaken for a benign uterine mass, such as a degenerating leiomyoma. Despite its rarity, the imaging findings of LGESS are highly variable, complicating the diagnostic process. Characteristic findings on magnetic resonance imaging T2-weighted imaging (T2WI)—including intra-tumoral low signal intensity (SI) bands (correlating with preserved myometrial bundles separated by tumor cells on histopathology), cystic/necrotic changes, and absence of a speckled appearance—have been significantly associated with LGESS. Additionally, apparent diffusion coefficient mapping can aid in the characterization of uterine masses. Case Presentation: We present a case of LGESS initially misdiagnosed as red degeneration of a uterine leiomyoma (RDL) due to a peripheral rim showing high SI on T1-weighted imaging and low SI on T2WI, which was interpreted as a thrombosed vessel. Histopathology demonstrated necrotic tissue outlined by normal uterine tissue, corresponding to the peripheral rim. We suggest that susceptibility-weighted imaging could have aided in distinguishing between the two conditions due to its high sensitivity to blood products. Moreover, diffusion-weighted imaging revealed restriction along T2 low SI bands, with no restrictions within the bands themselves, potentially indicating a viable tumor along preserved myometrium. Conclusions: These imaging features may provide valuable insights for diagnosing LGESS and differentiating it from RDL, supporting further research on LGESS imaging characteristics.
The Role of the Arts in the Classroom: Does Integration of the Arts Promote Social Relationships in the Classroom?
Authors: Lauss Julia , Helm Christoph
Published: December 2024

Positive social relationships between pupils are crucial for creating a conducive learning environment. Integrating the arts into classrooms fosters these relationships by promoting creative expression and social skills such as empathy, mutual support, and teamwork. Arts-based activities encourage collaboration, enabling pupils to develop creative solutions and appreciate diverse perspectives. Despite growing interest in this interdisciplinary approach, research on its impact on pupil relationships remains limited. This longitudinal study collected data from 381 pupils across five schools at two measurement points using standardized questionnaires to assess different dimensions of social relationships. Results indicated a significant increase in helpfulness and a reduction in discrimination among pupils who participated in several weeks of arts workshops. However, cliquishness and competitive thinking also increased, while aggressiveness remained unchanged regardless of group membership. These findings demonstrate the benefits of arts integration for fostering positive pupil relationships while highlighting the complex dynamics between creative learning environments and social interactions. The results underscore the need for targeted strategies to balance cooperation and competition effectively, ensuring that arts-based approaches maximize their potential to enhance classroom social dynamics.
Exploring the Influence of Vicarious Experiences in Teaching with Digital Technology on Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Digitalization-Related Affective-Motivational Dispositions
Authors: Aumann Alexander , Grassinger Robert , Weitzel Holger
Published: December 2024

The integration of digital media in German classrooms remains limited, partly due to teachers’ low motivation, self-efficacy, and negative attitudes toward these tools. This study investigates how vicarious experiences influence pre-service teachers’ digital media self-efficacy and attitudes toward digital media and how these dispositions influence their motivational orientation toward using digital media in teaching. Beyond this, personal experiences were implemented via an ecologically valid intervention, and their influence on the respective constructs was examined. This study employed a longitudinal design involving 43 pre-service science teachers over an internship semester, combining a theoretical workshop at the university with lesson planning, implementation, and reflection. Data were collected pre- and post-intervention and analyzed using Bayesian Path Analysis to examine the relationships between the constructs. T-tests were applied to investigate the impact of structured mastery experiences. The results imply that vicarious experiences influence attitudes but have no significant influence on self-efficacy. Motivational orientation is primarily influenced by attitudes but not by self-efficacy and has a positive effect on the frequency of media use. Self-efficacy, on the other hand, was most strongly influenced by mastery experiences, whereas attitudes received the least support in this regard.
A Generalized Design of On-Chip LTCC Balanced Filters Using Novel Hybrid Resonators with Intrinsic Ultra-Wideband Suppression for 5G Applications
Authors: Zhao Wei , Wu Yongle , Xu Zuoyu , Wang Weimin
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we examine an ultra-compact on-chip balanced filter based on novel hybrid resonators (NHRs) comprising short transmission line sections (STLSs) and series LC blocks using low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology. Based on a rigorous theoretical analysis, the proposed NHR demonstrates the potential for intrinsic ultra-wideband differential-mode (DM) and common-mode (CM) suppression without any additional suppressing structures. Furthermore, the resonance of NHRs was determined by four degrees of freedom, providing flexibility for miniaturization. Theoretical extensions of the Nth-order topology can be easily achieved by the simple coupling schemes that occur exclusively between STLSs. For verification, a balanced filter covering the 5G band n78 with an area of 0.065λg × 0.072λg was designed using the proposed optimization-based design procedure. An ultra-low insertion loss of 0.8 dB was obtained. The quasi-full CM stopband with a 20 dB rejection level ranged from 0 to 12.9 GHz. And the ultra-wide upper DM stopband with a 20 dB rejection level ranged from 4.4 to 11.5 GHz. Good agreement between the theoretical, simulated, and measured results indicate the validity of the proposed design principle.
Towards a New MI-Driven Methodology for Predicting the Prices of Cryptocurrencies
Authors: Cocianu Cătălina-Lucia , Uscatu Cristian Răzvan
Published: December 2024

Forecasting the price of cryptocurrencies is a notoriously hard and significant problem, due to the rapid market growth and high volatility. In this article, we propose a methodology for predicting future values of cryptocurrency exchange rates by developing a Non-linear Autoregressive with Exogenous Inputs (NARX) prediction model that uses the most adequate external information. The exogenous variables considered are historical values of the exchange rate and a series of technical indicators. The selection of the most relevant external inputs is based on the computation of the mutual information indicator and estimated using the k-nearest neighbor method. The methodology employs a fine-tuned Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network as the regressor. We have used quantitative and trend accuracy measures to compare the proposed method against other state-of-the-art LSTM-based models. In addition, regarding the input selection process, the proposed approach was compared against the most commonly used one, which is based on the cross-correlation coefficient. A long series of experiments and statistical analyses proved that the proposed methodology is highly accurate and the resulting model outperforms the state-of-the-art LSTM-based models.
CoCM: Conditional Cross-Modal Learning for Vision-Language Models
Authors: Yang Juncheng , Xie Shuai , Li Shuxia , Cai Zengyu , Li Yijia , Zhu Weiping
Published: December 2024

Parameter tuning based adapter methods have achieved notable success in vision-language models (VLMs). However, they face challenges in scenarios with insufficient training samples or limited resources. While leveraging image modality caching and retrieval techniques can reduce resource requirements, these approaches often overlook the significance of textual modality and cross-modal cues in VLMs. To address this, we propose a Conditional Cross-Modal learning model, which is abbreviated as CoCM. CoCM builds separate cache models for both the text and image modalities and embedding textual knowledge conditioned on image information. It dynamically adjusts the cross-modal fusion affinity ratio and disentangles similarity measures across different modalities. Additionally, CoCM incorporates intra-batch image similarity loss as a regularization term to identify hard samples and enhance fine-grained classification performance. CoCM surpasses existing methods in terms of accuracy, generalization ability, and efficiency, achieving a 0.28% accuracy improvement over XMAdapter across 11 datasets and demonstrating 44.79% generalization performance on four cross-domain datasets.
Assessment of the Influence of Formation Conditions of Embankments and Spoil Heaps on Their Stability When Dumped on Clay-Salt Slurries
Authors: Karasev Maxim , Astapenka Tatsiana
Published: December 2024

The formation of geotechnical structures on foundations composed of low-strength soils is associated with a number of risks and difficulties. Soils such as clay-salt slurries are characterized by low bearing capacity and a tendency to deform under load. In this study, a numerical simulation of the stability analysis of an embankment constructed on low-strength soils consisting of clay-salt slurries is carried out, and the study of the dependence of the stability and behavior of the embankment on the configuration of this foundation, without taking into account the embedment of rocks and with introduction of rocks into the geotechnical system, is considered. The results prove that the sloping configuration of low-strength soils greatly complicates the stability of the embankment. It is noted that the stability factor is significantly reduced under the influence of loads on low-strength soil, particularly when the geotechnical system has a configuration with slope angles of 5° and 10°, and, in addition, when rocks are embedded in low-strength soil if the underlying soil layer is a weak foundation. In view of this, the assessment of embankment stability on clay-salt slurries requires careful analysis due to a number of specific characteristics of these soils that create complex geotechnical conditions.
Ecological Management Zoning Based on the Supply–Demand Relationship and Synergies of Urban Forest Ecosystem Services: A Case Study from Fuzhou, China
Authors: Li Mingzhe , Xu Nuo , Liu Fan , Tong Huanran , Ding Nayun , Dong Jianwen , Wang Minhua
Published: December 2024

Urban forests, as vital components of green infrastructure, provide essential ecosystem services (ESs) that support urban sustainability. However, rapid urban expansion and increased density threaten these forests, creating significant imbalances between the supply and demand for these services. Understanding the characteristics of ecosystem services and reasonably dividing ecological management zones are crucial for promoting sustainable urban development. This study introduces an innovative ecological management zoning framework based on the matching degree and synergies relationships of ESs. Focusing on Fuzhou’s fourth ring road area in China, data from 1038 urban forest sample plots were collected using mobile LIDAR. By integrating the i-Tree Eco model and Kriging interpolation, we assessed the spatial distribution of four key ESs—carbon sequestration, avoided runoff, air purification, and heat mitigation—and analyzed their supply–demand relationships and synergies. Based on these ecological characteristics, we employed unsupervised machine learning classification to identify eight distinct ecological management zones, each accompanied by targeted recommendations. Key findings include the following: (1) ecosystem services of urban forests in Fuzhou exhibit pronounced spatial heterogeneity, with clearly identifiable high-value and low-value areas of significant statistical relevance; (2) heat mitigation, avoided runoff, and air purification services all exhibit synergistic effects, while carbon sequestration shows trade-offs with the other three services in high-value areas, necessitating targeted optimization; (3) eight ecological management zones were identified, each with unique ecological characteristics. This study offers precise spatial insights into Fuzhou’s urban forests, providing a foundation for sustainable ecological management strategies.
Tissue Culture and Rapid Micropropagation for Quercus suber L.
Authors: Yu Xinran , Zhang Wan , Zhu Haiyang , Wang Yijun , Hu Chenrong , Yang Yun , Zhu Jingle
Published: December 2024

Quercus suber L. (Q. suber) is an evergreen tree species known for producing high-quality cork. Traditional seed propagation of Q. suber has low viability and is time-consuming. Therefore, we used young stem segments of 2~3-year-old seedlings as explants, and optimized protocols for tissue culture and rapid micropropagation of Q. suber. The best disinfection method was 0.10% HgCl2 (v/v) for 5 min. 0.50 g·L−1 Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) is the best anti-browning agent with a significant reduction in browning by nearly 1.76-fold (58.89% → 33.33%). Woody Plant Medium supplemented with micronutrients and vitamins from Murashige and Skoog Medium (WPMS) was found to be the most suitable for shoot formation. The optimal hormone ratio for development of shoots from axillary buds was 0.60 mg·L−1 6-benzyladenine (6-BA). Among the cytokinins tested, 0.50 mg·L−1 6-BA was the most suitable for development of shoots from axillary buds. In additon, the highest percentage of rooting explants (66.67%) and rooting number (3.03) was obtained on WPM basal medium supplemented 0.20 mg·L−1 IBA and 0.20 mg·L−1 NAA. In summary, we have established a set of protocols for tissue culture and rapid micropropagation of Q. suber. These findings lay the foundation for rapid micropropagation and genetic improvement.
Experimental Study to Determine the Leakage Area of Single-Leaf Smoke Control Doors in the Design of Pressure Differential Systems
Authors: Mihály István , Bérczi László , Bognár Balázs , Kátai-Urbán Maxim , Tóth Levente , Kátai-Urbán Lajos , Vass Gyula , Varga Ferenc
Published: December 2024

On the occasion of building fires, the risk of smoke, which adversely influences escape conditions, must be minimised. One way to reduce the risk is, for example, to pressurise the escape route in order to limit the infiltration of smoke. Careful determination of the design parameters of the pressurisation system is of great importance. This study will propose a new leakage area for single-leaf smoke control doors based on the analysis of the leakage area of the doors in the EN 12101-13 standard, estimating the leakage rate through closed doors. This value is half the currently recommended value, regardless of the opening direction. The determination of the leakage area is supported by measurements in pressurised smoke-free lobbies with single-leaf smoke control doors opening into and outwards from a pressurised space. The measurements are performed using the fans of the lobbies’ pressurisation systems to provide the required air volume. The suitability of this method has also been tested using blower door assembly measurements. The newly proposed leakage area takes into account the increased air tightness of the smoke control doors, thereby ensuring that the optimum air volume to be supplied by the pressurisation system can be determined. The results of this research suggest an appropriate leakage area value for designers when using the calculation method proposed by the applicability of the investigated standard.
A Time-(Anti)symmetric Approach to the Double Solution Theory
Authors: Jamet Pierre , Drezet Aurélien
Published: December 2024

In this work, we present a new theoretical approach to interpreting and reproducing quantum mechanics using trajectory-guided wavelets. Inspired by the 1925 work of Louis de Broglie, we demonstrate that pulses composed of a difference between a delayed wave and an advanced wave (known as antisymmetric waves) are capable of following quantum trajectories predicted by the de Broglie–Bohm theory (also known as Bohmian mechanics). Our theory reproduces the main results of orthodox quantum mechanics and unlike Bohmian theory, is local in the Bell sense. We show that this is linked to the superdeterminism and past–future (anti)symmetry of our theory.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor in Renal Cell Carcinoma: From Molecular Insights to Targeted Therapies
Authors: Roviello Giandomenico , De Gennaro Irene , Vascotto Ismaela , Venturi Giulia , D’Angelo Alberto , Winchler Costanza , Guarino Adriana , Cacioppo Salvatore , Modesti Mikol , Mela Marinella Micol , Francini Edoardo , Doni Laura , Rossi Virginia , Gambale Elisabetta , Giorgione Roberta , Antonuzzo Lorenzo , Nesi Gabriella , Catalano Martina
Published: December 2024

Mutations of the von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene occur frequently in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the predominant histology of kidney cancer, and have been associated with its pathogenesis and progression. Alterations of VHL lead to impaired degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and HIF2α promoting neoangiogenesis, which is pivotal for cancer growth. As such, targeting the VHL-HIF axis holds relevant potential for therapeutic purposes. Belzutifan, an HIF-2α inhibitor, has been recently indicated for metastatic RCC and other antiangiogenic drugs directed against HIF-2α are currently under investigation. Further, clinical and preclinical studies of combination approaches for metastatic RCC including belzutifan with cyclin-dependent kinase 4–6 inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, or immune checkpoint inhibitors achieved promising results or are ongoing. This review aims to summarize the existing evidence regarding the VHL/HIF pathway, and the approved and emerging treatment strategies that target this pivotal molecular axis and their mechanisms of resistance.
Lactate Promotes Hypoxic Granulosa Cells’ Autophagy by Activating the HIF-1α/BNIP3/Beclin-1 Signaling Axis
Authors: Pan Yitong , Wu Gang , Chen Min , Lu Xiumei , Shen Ming , Li Hongmin , Liu Honglin
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The avascular nature of the follicle creates a hypoxic microenvironment, establishing a niche where granulosa cells (GCs) rely on glycolysis to produce energy in the form of lactate (L-lactate). Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved stress-response process, involves the formation of autophagosomes to encapsulate intracellular components, delivering them to lysosomes for degradation. This process plays a critical role in maintaining optimal follicular development. However, whether hypoxia regulates autophagy in GCs via lactate remains unclear. Methods: In this study, we investigated lactate-induced autophagy under hypoxia by utilizing glycolysis inhibitors or silencing related genes. Results: We observed a significant increase in autophagy in ovarian GCs under hypoxic conditions, indicated by elevated LC3II levels and reduced P62 levels. Suppressing lactate production through glycolytic inhibitors (2-DG and oxamate) or silencing lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA/LDHB) effectively reduced hypoxia-induced autophagy. Further investigation revealed that the HIF1-α/BNIP3/Beclin-1 axis is essential for lactate-induced autophagy under hypoxic conditions. Inhibiting HIF-1α activity using siRNAs or PX-478 downregulated BNIP3 expression and subsequently suppressed autophagy. Similarly, BNIP3 silencing with siRNAs repressed lactate-induced autophagy in hypoxic conditions. Mechanistically, immunoprecipitation experiments showed that BNIP3 disrupted pre-existing Bcl-2/Beclin-1 complexes by competing with Bcl-2 to form Bcl-2/BNIP3 complexes. This interaction released Beclin-1, which subsequently triggered lactate-induced autophagy under hypoxic conditions. Conclusions: These findings unveil a novel mechanism by which hypoxia regulates GC autophagy through lactate production, highlighting its potential role in sustaining follicular development under hypoxic conditions.
Applying Data Analysis and Machine Learning Methods to Predict Permafrost Coast Erosion
Authors: Bogatova Daria , Ogorodov Stanislav
Published: December 2024

This study aims to establish a scientific and methodological basis for predicting shoreline positions using modern data analysis and machine learning techniques. The focus area is a 5 km section of the Ural coast along Baydaratskaya Bay in the Kara Sea. This region was selected due to its diverse geomorphological features, varied lithological composition, and significant presence of permafrost processes, all contributing to complex patterns of shoreline change. Applying advanced data analysis methods, including correlation and factor analysis, enables the identification of natural signs that highlight areas of active coastal retreat. These insights are valuable in arctic development planning, as they help to recognize zones at the highest risk of significant shoreline transformation. The erosion process can be conceptualized as comprising two primary components to construct a predictive model for coastal retreat. The first is a random variable that encapsulates the effects of local structural changes in the coastline alongside fluctuations due to climatic conditions. This component can be statistically characterized to define a confidence interval for natural variability. The second component represents a systematic shift, which reflects regular changes in average shoreline positions over time. This systematic component is more suited to predictive modeling. Thus, modern information processing methods allow us to move from descriptive to numerical assessments of the dynamics of coastal processes. The goal is ultimately to support responsible and sustainable development in the highly sensitive arctic region.
Exposure/Risk Assessment of Employees in Gasoline Refueling Stations with and Without the Efficacy of Vapor Recovery Systems in Mexico
Authors: Shinohara Naohide , García Jose Juan Felipe Ángeles , Reyes Miguel Magaña , Jiménez Becki Gatica , Cruz Roberto Basaldud , Gonzalez Beatriz Cardenas , Wakamatsu Shinji
Published: December 2024

Concerns regarding the health risks associated with employe exposure to volatile chemicals during gasoline refueling necessitates rigorous investigation and effective countermeasures. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of vapor recovery systems in mitigating exposure risks during gasoline refueling. Employee exposure to volatile organic compounds, aldehydes, carbon monoxide, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was assessed at gasoline stations with and without vapor recovery systems. Three stations each from the State of Mexico and Mexico City, equipped with gasoline vapor recovery systems, were compared with three stations in Guadalajara lacking such systems. The exposure concentrations (mean ± standard deviation) to benzene in Guadalajara, the State of Mexico, and Mexico City were 45 ± 29, 24 ± 20, and 18 ± 15 μg/m3, respectively, which were significantly higher than the background atmospheric concentrations at 1.6 ± 0.56, 0.72 ± 0.083, and 0.65 ± 0.14 μg/m3, respectively. Similarly, the exposure concentrations of toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes at gasoline stations were significantly higher than the background atmospheric concentrations. However, the exposure concentrations of formaldehyde and PM2.5 were similar to the background atmospheric concentrations. The excess cancer risks due to benzene exposure were estimated at 1.2–4.2 × 10−5, 0.63–2.2 × 10−5, and 0.46–1.6 × 10−5 (mean) and 0.42–1.5 × 10−4, 0.29–1.0 × 10−4, and 2.4–8.6 × 10−5 (maximum) in Guadalajara, the State of Mexico, and Mexico City, respectively. The risk to employees in gasoline stations was reduced by 47–61% in service stations with gasoline vapor recovery systems.
Chronic Low-Level IFN-γ Expression Disrupts Mitochondrial Complex I Activity in Renal Macrophages: An Early Mechanistic Driver of Lupus Nephritis Pathogenesis
Authors: Bae Heekyong R. , Shin Su-Kyung , Lee Ji-Yoon , Ko Yeo Jin , Kim Suntae , Young Howard A. , Kwon Eun-Young
Published: December 2024

Mitochondrial dysfunction and macrophage dysregulation are well recognized as significant contributors to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. However, the detailed mechanisms connecting these two factors remain poorly understood. This study hypothesizes that low but chronic interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) plays a critical role in these processes. To explore this, we utilized ARE-Del mice, a model characterized by sustained low-level IFN-γ expression and lupus nephritis (LN)-like symptoms. Age- and tissue-dependent gene expression analyses in ARE-Del mice revealed significant suppression of mitochondrial complex I components and activities, particularly in the kidneys. The genotype-dependent suppression of mitochondrial complex I indicates early disruption, which leads to macrophage dysfunction. Notably, remission restored gene expression of mitochondrial complex I and macrophage dysfunction in isolated renal macrophages from NZB/W lupus-prone mice. These findings suggest that chronic low-level IFN-γ disrupts mitochondrial complex I activity in macrophages, highlighting its role in the early pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases like lupus nephritis. This provides new insights into the molecular interactions underlying autoimmune pathogenesis and suggests potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Mitigation Effect of Exogenous Nano-Silicon on Salt Stress Damage of Rice Seedlings
Authors: Xiong Jian , Yang Xiaohui , Sun Minmin , Zhang Jianqin , Ding Linchong , Sun Zhiyuan , Feng Naijie , Zheng Dianfeng , Zhao Liming , Shen Xuefeng
Published: December 2024

Salt stress represents a significant abiotic stress factor that impedes the growth of rice. Nano-silicon has the potential to enhance rice growth and salt tolerance. In this experiment, the rice variety 9311 was employed as the test material to simulate salt stress via hydroponics, with the objective of investigating the mitigation effect of foliar application of nano-silicon on rice seedlings. The results demonstrated that NaCl stress markedly impeded the growth of rice seedlings after seven days of NaCl treatment. The foliar application of nano-silicon followed by NaCl stress alleviated the growth of rice seedlings, markedly improved the spatial conformation of the root system, and enhanced photosynthesis compared with that of NaCl stress alone. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were improved. The contents of antioxidants were increased, and the over-accumulation of ROS was reduced. Furthermore, the foliar application of nano-silicon was found to enhance the uptake of Si4+, K+, and Ca2+ in plants, while simultaneously reducing Na+ and Cl− accumulation. Additionally, the content of IAA, CTK, GA, JA, and SA was increased, and ABA was decreased. In conclusion, the foliar application of nano-silicon has been demonstrated to alleviate salt stress injury and improve the growth of rice seedlings.
The Potential Metalloestrogenic Effect of Aluminum on Breast Cancer Risk for Antiperspirant Users
Authors: Sawicka Ewa , Wiatrowska Natalia
Published: December 2024

The etiopathogenesis of breast cancer depends on genetic conditions, but recently more attention has been paid to the dependence of BC on certain environmental factors, for example, metalloestrogens, which include aluminum (Al) contained in antiperspirants used daily. The use of Al derivatives in antiperspirants in concentrations specified by the FDA, as well as European regulations (SCCS, 2020), do not classify Al as a hazardous and carcinogenic substance for humans. However, Al used to treat excessive sweating raises concerns, as many in vitro studies indicate that it can cause gene instability, change gene expression or increase oxidative stress, and also affect the body’s hormonal balance as a metalloestrogen. The environmental reality is that the breast is constantly exposed to many different chemicals, such as Al. This article reviews the literature to determine whether Al-based products can harm the body, as there are many facts and myths on the subject. The aim of the study is to present the current state of knowledge on the use of aluminum antiperspirants and the risk of breast cancer (BC). The article is based on data from the scientific literature, published in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, as well as Science Direct, Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMbase. It includes articles published in the years 2003–2023 mainly in English. Literature databases regarding human and animal studies were searched. To sum up, evaluating the effect of Al as a risk factor for breast cancer requires many studies using different research models focused on long-term exposure to Al-containing antiperspirants. Consumers are advised to limit their exposure to Al by making a conscious choice to minimize exposure to this compound.
Salivary Flow Rate in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome: Correlations with Salivary Gland Ultrasound Findings and Biomarkers of Disease Activity
Authors: Caraba Alexandru , Roman Deiana , Crișan Viorica , Iurciuc Stela , Iurciuc Mircea
Published: December 2024

Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a slowly progressive, chronic autoimmune inflammatory condition characterized by the affliction of the exocrine glands, with issues that derive from it markedly decreasing the quality of life of these patients. Salivary gland involvement can be identified through imaging methods. Among them, salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS) is used as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in pSS. The aim of the present study was to assess the salivary flow rate and correlations between it and SGUS findings and markers of pSS activity. A total of 112 patients with pSS and 56 healthy subjects were included in this study. All patients underwent investigations including the measurement of serum autoantibodies, salivary flow rate determination, and ultrasonographic evaluation. SGUS modifications had a strong inverse correlation with salivary flow (r = −68.002, p < 0.0001) and a positive, strong correlation with IL-6 and Beta-2-microglobulin (r = −0.78 and r = −0.84, respectively, p < 0.001 in both cases). The SGUS findings were also strongly and positively correlated with the ESSDAI (r = −0.88, p < 0.0001) and Focus scores (r = −0.82, p < 0.0001). SGUS represents a non-invasive means of assessing the state of the salivary glands and, implicitly, the salivary flow of patients, offering valuable insights into disease progression and steps that can be taken in order to improve patients’ quality of life.
Clinical Course of Parotid Carcinoma with Hepatic and Nodal Metastases: A Case Report
Authors: Doronzo Antonio , Musci Giovanni , Gadaleta-Caldarola Gennaro , Sergi Maria Chiara
Published: December 2024

Background: Salivary gland tumors are relatively rare neoplasms, comprising approximately 3–6% of all head and neck tumors. Parotid gland carcinoma (PGC) represents approximately 70–80% of all salivary gland malignancies. Treatment strategies depend on tumor histology, stage, and molecular characteristics, with surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy being the mainstays of treatment for localized disease. Conversely, in advanced stages, therapeutic approaches, including chemotherapy and targeted agents, are more challenging. Methods: We present a case report of a 60-year-old patient with hepatic and nodal metastases of parotid gland carcinoma HER2+ who received dual blockade with Pertuzumab and trastuzumab (PH) with addition of Docetaxel, with the aim of highlighting the management and treatment outcomes. Results: Our patient received 4 cycles of chemotherapy and PH with near-complete response. After lymph node dissection (level I–IV) with primitive tumor resection and radiosurgery on the residual liver metastases, currently she continues treatment as maintenance. Conclusions: Based on the patient’s overall condition and response to current treatment, the oncology team ought to consider further targeted therapies, radiotherapy, or surgery as future therapeutic options.
Research on Predicting Super-Relational Data Links for Mine Hoists Within Hyper-Relational Knowledge Graphs
Authors: Dang Xiaochao , Shu Xiaoling , Li Fenfang , Dong Xiaohui
Published: December 2024

Hyper-relational knowledge graphs can enhance the intelligence, efficiency, and reliability of industrial production by enabling equipment collaboration and optimizing supply chains. However, the construction of knowledge graphs in industrial fields faces significant challenges due to the complexity of hyper-relational data, the sparsity of industrial datasets, and limitations in existing link prediction methods, which struggle to capture the nuanced relationships and qualifiers often present in industrial scenarios. This paper proposes the HyLinker model, designed to improve the representation of entities and relations through modular components, including an entity neighbor aggregator, a relation qualifier aggregator, MoE-LSTM (Mixture of Experts Long Short-Term Memory), and a convolutional bidirectional interaction module. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method performs well on both public datasets and a self-constructed hoisting machine dataset. In the Mine Hoist Super-Relationship Dataset (MHSD-100), HyLinker outperforms the latest models, with improvements of 0.142 in MRR (Mean Reciprocal Rank) and 0.156 in Hit@1 (Hit Rate at Rank 1), effectively addressing the knowledge graph completion problem for hoisting machines and providing more accurate information for equipment maintenance and fault prediction. These results demonstrate the potential of HyLinker in overcoming current challenges and advancing the application of hyper-relational knowledge graphs in industrial contexts.
Comparative Evaluation of Temporomandibular Disorders and Dental Wear in Video Game Players
Authors: Ionia Cezar , Petre Alexandru Eugen , Velicu Alexandra , Nica Adriana Sarah
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The increasing prevalence of video gaming has raised concerns about its potential impact on musculoskeletal health, particularly temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). This study aims to compare TMD symptoms, mandibular function, and dental wear between gamers and non-gamers among university students. Methods: An observational study included 108 students aged 20 to 23 years, divided into gamers (n = 48) and non-gamers (n = 60). Participants completed questionnaires assessing TMD symptoms, gaming habits, and screen time. Clinical examinations measured mandibular movements, palpation-induced pain, and dental wear using the Smith and Knight Tooth Wear Index. Statistical analyses included independent t-tests, chi-square tests, Pearson’s correlations, and logistic regression. Seven comprehensive tables present the findings with p-values. Results: Gamers reported significantly higher screen time (Mean = 6.5 h/day) compared to non-gamers (Mean = 4.0 h/day; p < 0.001). Maximum unassisted mouth opening was greater in gamers (Mean = 48.31 mm) than in non-gamers (Mean = 46.33 mm; p = 0.04). Gamers exhibited a higher prevalence of pain on palpation of the masseter muscle (45.8% vs. 30.0%; p = 0.05). Dental wear scores were significantly higher in gamers for teeth 2.3 (upper left canine) and 3.3 (lower left canine) (p < 0.05). Positive correlations were found between hours spent gaming and maximum mouth opening (r = 0.25; p = 0.01) and dental wear (r = 0.30; p = 0.002). Logistic regression showed that gaming status significantly predicted the presence of TMD symptoms (Odds Ratio = 2.5; p = 0.03). Conclusions: Gamers exhibit greater mandibular opening, increased dental wear, and a higher prevalence of masticatory muscle pain compared to non-gamers. Prolonged gaming may contribute to altered mandibular function and increased risk of TMD symptoms. Further research is needed to explore underlying mechanisms and develop preventive strategies.
Comparison of Non-Invasive and Minimally Invasive Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy Using Samples Derived from the Same Embryo Culture
Authors: Bednarska-Czerwińska Anna , Smoleń-Dzirba Joanna , Strychalska Anna , Sierka Wojciech , Wróblewska Urszula , Mermer Patrycja , Masarczyk Barbara , Jodłowiec-Lubańska Natalia , Kokot Anna , Simka-Lampa Klaudia , Zmarzły Nikola , Morawiec Emilia , Orczyk Aneta , Grabarek Beniamin Oskar
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: To assess the ploidy status of embryos via preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A), a biopsy of trophectoderm (TE) cells can be performed. However, this approach is considered invasive, and therefore the aim of this study was to identify the optimal sample type and sampling day for non-invasive or minimally invasive PGT-A (ni/miPGT-A) in terms of data quality and concordance rates with TE biopsies derived from the same embryos. Methods: This study was performed using 239 embryo cultures. After optimization using 96 embryos, non-invasive spent culture media (SCM) and a minimally invasive combination of blastocoel fluid and SCM (BF+SCM), along with the corresponding TE samples, were collected from 143 embryos cultured for 5 days (n = 70) or 6 days (n = 73), and all were subjected to ni/miPGT-A with whole-genome amplification followed by next-generation sequencing. Results: The amplification failure rate was lower for SCM samples than for BF+SCM (SCM: 0.7%, 1/143 vs. BF+SCM: 7.7%, 11/143; p = 0.005). The rate of ploidy concordance with TE was significantly higher for SCM samples than for BF+SCM samples (SCM: 83.7%, 118/141 vs. BF+SCM: 58%, 76/131; p < 0.001). Among SCM samples, concordance rates were higher for samples derived from embryos cultured for 6 days (87.5%, 63/72) than for 5 days (79.7%, 55/69). In the embryos cultured for 6 days, discordant cases included five (6.9%) SCM samples with falsely negative (euploid) results that were deemed to be mosaic according to TE and four (5.6%) samples falsely found to be aneuploid. Conclusions: SCM samples derived from embryos cultured for 6 days can be applied in niPGT-A with subsequent verification of aneuploid samples using TE biopsy.
Application of the ORBEYE Three-Dimensional Exoscope for Parotidectomies
Authors: Yagi Masao , Sakagami Tomofumi , Shimizu Minaki , Ogino Yuhei , Morita Mizuki , Kawasaki Hiroto , Tomoda Atsushi , Yun Yasutaka , Suzuki Kensuke , Fujisawa Takuo , Iwai Hiroshi
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Parotid surgery is generally performed with the naked eye or using surgical loupes. However, this approach has technical disadvantages. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the use of an exoscope with that of loupe for parotidectomies. Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent partial parotidectomies for parotid tumors was conducted. We examined the approach (anterograde/retrograde), tumor localization (superficial/deep), operative time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative complications occurring within 6 months. Results: Overall, 174 patients underwent parotidectomies (90 in the exoscope group, 84 in the loupe group). In parotidectomies using the anterograde approach, the exoscope group had significantly fewer reports of facial nerve palsy than the loupe group. Parotidectomy-related complications other than facial palsy were significantly fewer in the exoscope group. However, the operation time was significantly longer in the exoscope group than in the loupe group. Conclusions: An ORBEYETM exoscope provides a magnified view of the surgical field, leading to more accurate operations in parotid surgery and potentially fewer complications.
Physiological Root Resorption of Deciduous Teeth: An ATR-FTIR Approach
Authors: Orilisi Giulia , Cosi Alessia , Vitiello Flavia , Santoni Chiara , Notarstefano Valentina , Giorgini Elisabetta , Orsini Giovanna , Tripodi Domenico
Published: December 2024

Background: The study exploited, for the first time, Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform-InfraRed (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy on human dental pulps at different timings of root resorption (RR) to deepen the biological mechanisms occurring in deciduous teeth (De) during their replacement with permanent ones. Methods: N:36 dental pulps from sound De were divided into the following: G0 (no RR); G1 (RR less than 1/3 of root length); G2 (RR not exceeding 2/3 of root length); and G3 (RR more than 2/3 of root length). Samples were analyzed by ATR-FTIR, and the spectral data were submitted to univariate (One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison tests; statistical significance set at p < 0.05) and multivariate (Principal Component Analysis, PCA) analyses. Results: PCA displayed good discrimination among groups, ascribable to: (i) the intensity of the peaks of nucleic acids (~1715 cm−1, ~1237 cm−1, ~964 cm−1, and ~815 cm−1) and carbohydrates (~1159 cm−1) which increased from G0 to G3 (p < 0.05); (ii) the relative amount of lipids which decreased from G0 to G3 (p < 0.05); and (iii) the intensity of the peaks at ~1014 cm−1, and ~875 cm−1 (phosphates and carbonates in hydroxyapatite), which decreased from G0 to G3 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study confirmed ATR-FTIR as a reliable and quick technique for the characterization of the dental pulp and highlighted a correlation between specific molecular changes in the dental pulp of deciduous teeth and different RR stages, shedding new light on this process and paving the way for future research, which could improve the clinical management of the primary dentition.