bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of radiographic diagnosis of pneumoperitoneum secondary to gastrointestinal perforation in dogs and cats
Authors: Marwood Rachel , Fleming Kathryn , Masson Aurore Veronique , Gilmour Hannah , Schiborra Frederike , Maddox Thomas W.
Published: October 2022

Background

Radiography is commonly included in the diagnostic investigation of animals with suspected gastrointestinal perforation and resultant pneumoperitoneum. This study aimed to (1) identify the accuracy of radiographic diagnosis of pneumoperitoneum and (2) determine if observer experience affected accuracy.

Methods

This was a retrospective case‐controlled study evaluating abdominal radiographs of dogs and cats with surgical confirmation of gastrointestinal perforation or peritonitis without pneumoperitoneum. Radiographs were reviewed by a radiologist, an imaging resident, a general practitioner and a veterinary student.

Results

Radiographs from 60 dogs and eight cats were evaluated; 34 animals had confirmed perforation. Accuracy was fair to excellent for all observers: student 61.8%, general practitioner 70.6%, resident 85.3% and radiologist 83.8%. There was no significant difference in sensitivity between observers (all 70.6%–85.3%); however, there was a significant difference in specificity between both the resident (91.2%) and radiologist (91.2%) compared to the student (52.9%) (p < 0.001) and the general practitioner (55.9%) (p = 0.002). Overall, there was slight to substantial agreement between observers (κ = 0.28–0.73), with the highest being between the radiologist and resident.

Conclusion

Abdominal radiography, when interpreted by veterinarians with differing experience, has variable accuracy for diagnosis of pneumoperitoneum for animals in this study. Further studies are needed to determine if these results are applicable for other populations of animals with pneumoperitoneum.
The Climate Crisis, Outstanding Universal Value and Change in World Heritage
Authors: Megarry William P.
Published: October 2022

Climate change is the greatest threat facing global natural and cultural heritage. All World Heritage (WH) properties will be impacted over the coming century, and our ability to adapt will often be limited. Yet climate change was a threat never envisioned by the drafters of the World Heritage Convention (WHC). This chapter considers how concepts central to the WHC may need to adapt to a rapidly changing world, to reflect three uncomfortable realities of the climate crisis and its impacts on heritage sites. Firstly, climate change is and will continue threatening and invalidating the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of many properties, and there may be little we can do to stop this. Secondly, climate change knows no borders and existing mechanisms may need to be rethought to reflect this. Thirdly, these challenges will, like climate change, disproportionately impact marginalised and indigenous communities in the Global South. It is suggested here that more precise and explicit guidance, which considers local climate modelling and an inclusive approach to values, within the existing proactive mechanisms of the WHC Operational Guidelines would result in a more consistent consideration of climate change impacts at WH properties, that reflects the spirit of the WHC.
Climate Action and World Heritage: Conflict or Confluence?
Authors: Daly Cathy
Published: October 2022

In 2007, the Policy Document on the Impacts of Climate Change on World Heritage Properties was adopted by the World Heritage (WH) Committee, and a revised policy document, the Draft Policy Document on Climate Action for World Heritage, was released in 2021. An English word search on terms related to potential conflicts between WH and climate change was undertaken and utilised as a starting point for an exploration of developments over the 14 intervening years. Four themes were defined and explored, namely, mission, change, loss, and responsibility. In many cases of perceived conflict, professionals and policy makers have been actively working to find solutions. In others, there is the potential for developing new and creative approaches that will ensure the relevance of heritage in an uncertain future.
Shifting Scales in the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces: Traditional Knowledge, Commodification and Community Participation
Authors: Wallenwein Fabienne
Published: October 2022

In rapidly transforming Asian environments, traditional agricultural heritage systems struggle with increasing development pressure and out-migration. Drawing on the Chinese cultural landscape of the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces as a case study, the paper investigates how the concepts of scale and “politics of scale” can be fruitfully mobilised for critical heritage theory and provide practical solutions to overcome conservation–development tensions. In processes of ethnic tourism development and cultural commodification, government authorities pursue different scalar strategies to harness natural and cultural resources for heritage-led regeneration schemes. Such strongly tourism-oriented agendas, as prevailed in the initial stages of development, privilege natural and selected cultural values over social values, thereby contrasting with local inhabitants’ aspirations to improve their living conditions. To encourage participation and sustainable cultural landscape management, the study suggests “upscaling” traditional knowledge and local interests.
Governing World Heritage – Taking Stock of the Structures that Determine the Protection and Conservation of World Heritage Sites
Authors: Schmedt Eike Tobias
Published: October 2022

The World Heritage Convention combines efforts of heritage protection and conservation on the global, national and local level. It has been adopted by almost 200 countries and has a complex governance system with actors on every level. While these actors are critical to the protection and conservation of World Heritage Sites, very limited research is available that assesses their role and the importance of governmental and managerial structures on a holistic level. This study assesses different governance structures and illustrates how they influence protective efforts. The World Heritage Site Index, which is a comprehensive database of information from almost 900 World Heritage Sites, creates a unique perspective that allows for the comparative assessment of sites regardless of their designation or typology. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study reveals clear governance structures that influence the protection of World Heritage Sites and offers a perspective on potential steps toward ensuring that these structures work for and not against the protection and conservation of these sites.
World Heritage and Global Governance: Thematic Reflections
Authors: Bernecker Roland , Franceschini Nicole , Ndoro Webber , Cameron Christina , Koch-Weser Maritta , Meskell Lynn , Capdepon de Bigu-Poirrier Caroline , Choi Boyoon , Negredo Fernández Roger , Rupp Isabelle , Willhalm Tanja
Published: October 2022

The article compiled by Roland Bernecker and Nicole Franceschini presents the personal reflections of several experts and young professionals on global governance and on how its evolution is affecting the implementation of the World Heritage Convention. Webber Ndoro reflects upon the distinction between local and global forms of governance, considering an African perspective on the colonial bias of World Heritage. Christina Cameron emphasizes the need and opportunities for a more inclusive governance based on broader participation of stakeholders not foreseen in the Convention. Based on her experience in the institutional limits of international cooperation, Maritta Koch-Weser develops five recommendations for adjusting the system. Lynn Meskell builds her analysis on 5Cs, in response to those elaborated in the context of the Convention, and addresses the power of politics in the implementation of the Convention. These contributions are complemented with that of a group of master’s students, who discuss the impact of civil society initiatives on the governance of the World Heritage system.
Telepresent Agency: Remote Participation in Hybrid Language Classrooms via a Telepresence Robot
Authors: Jakonen Teppo , Jauni Heidi
Published: October 2022

Videoconferencing technologies have become increasingly common in different sectors of life as a means to enable real-time interaction between people who are located in different places. In this chapter, we explore interactional data from synchronous hybrid university-level foreign language classrooms in which one student participates via a telepresence robot, a remote-controlled videoconferencing tool. In contrast to many other forms of video-mediated interaction, the user of a telepresence robot can move the robot and thereby (re-)orient to the space, the other participants and material objects that might be outside his immediate video screen. We employ an ethnomethodological and conversation analytic (EMCA) perspective to explore Barad’s (Quantum physics and the entanglement of matter and meaning. Durham: Duke University Press: 2007) notion of agency as a distributed phenomenon that emerges from assemblages of humans and materials. We demonstrate the complex nature of telepresent agency by investigating where agential cuts lie in three short episodes that involve mediated perception, touch and movement. Based on the analyses, we discuss how the telepresence technology configures learning environments by making new kinds of competences and forms of adaptation relevant for teachers and students.
Aufgabenbasierte Interviews
Authors: Stenzel Thomas
Published: October 2022

In diesem Kapitel wird die Planung, Durchführung und Auswertung der qualitativen Forschung beschrieben. Hierbei geht es nicht nur darum, Informationen zur Weiterentwicklung der hier beschriebenen Interventionsmaßnahme zu sammeln, sondern vor allem darum, grundsätzliche Erkenntnisse zu Problemlöseprozessen von Studienanfängern zu gewinnen.
Weiterentwicklung der Maßnahme
Authors: Stenzel Thomas
Published: October 2022

Dieses Kapitel beschreibt die Weiterentwicklung des in Abschnitt 4.4 beschriebenen theoriebasierten Entwurfs des ersten Zyklus der Intervention. Hierbei werden weniger kleine Modifikationen der dort genannten Einzelmaßnahmen dargestellt, sondern im Wesentlichen zwei größere Veränderungen: Zum einen wurde modifiziert, welche Strategien bereits vor der Bearbeitung der Hausaufgaben zur Verfügung gestellt wurden, zum anderen wurde ein auf die Universitätsmathematik zugeschnittenes Lernstrategietraining ergänzt. Die vorgenommenen Veränderungen haben sich aus Lehrerfahrungen, die der Autor in der Rolle eines Übungsgruppenleiters gesammelt hat, systematischen Rückmeldungen der anderen beteiligten Tutoren, sowie der in Kapitel 5 beschriebenen qualitativen Erhebung ergeben. In Abschnitt 6.3 werden einige Überlegungen zur Organisationsform der Präsenzübung in Abgrenzung zur Hausübung präsentiert und in Abschnitt 6.4 wird die Intervention zusammengefasst und reflektiert.
Verdichtung und Diskussion der Ergebnisse
Authors: Stenzel Thomas
Published: October 2022

In diesem Kapitel werden die in der vorliegenden Arbeit angestellten Überlegungen verdichtet und die Ergebnisse diskutiert. Darüber hinaus werden aus den Ergebnissen resultierende Schlussfolgerungen gezogen und weiterführende Fragen sowie Forschungsdesiderate angesprochen.
Pose is all you need: the pose only group activity recognition system (POGARS)
Authors: Thilakarathne Haritha , Nibali Aiden , He Zhen , Morgan Stuart
Published: October 2022

We introduce a novel deep learning-based group activity recognition approach called the Pose Only Group Activity Recognition System (POGARS), designed to use only tracked poses of people to predict the performed group activity. In contrast to existing approaches for group activity recognition, POGARS uses 1D CNNs to learn spatiotemporal dynamics of individuals involved in a group activity and forgo learning features from pixel data. The proposed model uses a spatial and temporal attention mechanism to infer person-wise importance and multi-task learning for simultaneously performing group and individual action classification. Experimental results confirm that POGARS achieves highly competitive results compared to state-of-the-art methods on a widely used public volleyball dataset despite only using tracked pose as input. Further, our experiments show by using pose only as input, POGARS has better generalization capabilities compared to methods that use RGB as input.
Feasibility of a global inversion for spatially resolved glacial isostatic adjustment and ice sheet mass changes proven in simulation experiments
Authors: Willen Matthias O. , Horwath Martin , Groh Andreas , Helm Veit , Uebbing Bernd , Kusche Jürgen
Published: October 2022

Estimating mass changes of ice sheets or of the global ocean from satellite gravimetry strongly depends on the correction for the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) signal. However, geophysical GIA models are different and incompatible with observations, particularly in Antarctica. Regional inversions have resolved GIA over Antarctica without ensuring global consistency, while global inversions have been mostly constrained by a priori GIA patterns. For the first time, we set up a global inversion to simultaneously estimate ice sheet mass changes and GIA, where Antarctic GIA is spatially resolved using a set of global GIA patterns. The patterns are related to deglaciation impulses localized along a grid over Antarctica. GIA associated with four regions outside Antarctica is parametrized by global GIA patterns induced by deglaciation histories. The observations we consider here are satellite gravimetry, satellite altimetry over Antarctica and Greenland, as well as modelled firn thickness changes. Firn thickness changes are also parametrized to account for systematic errors in their modelling. Results from simulation experiments using realistic signals and error covariances support the feasibility of the approach. For example, the spatial RMS error of the estimated Antarctic GIA effect, assuming a 10-year observation period, is 31% and 51%, of the RMS of two alternative global GIA models. The integrated Antarctic GIA error is 8% and 5%, respectively, of the integrated GIA signal of the two models. For these results realistic error covariances incorporated in the parameter estimation process are essential. If error correlations are neglected, the Antarctic GIA RMS error is more than twice as large.Highlights$$\bullet $$
∙
We present a globally consistent inversion approach to co-estimate glacial isostatic adjustment effects together with changes of the ice mass and firn air content in Greenland and Antarctica. $$\bullet $$
∙
The inversion method utilizes data sets from satellite gravimetry, satellite altimetry, regional climate modelling, and firn modelling together with the full error-covariance information of all input data. $$\bullet $$
∙
The simulation experiments show that the proposed GIA parametrization in Antarctica can resolve GIA effects unpredicted by geophysical modelling, despite realistic input-data limitations.
Predictive values of the SOFA score and procalcitonin for septic shock after percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Authors: Hou Haifeng , Yang Jun , Han Zhenhua , Zhang Xiaoyang , Tang Xiaoying , Chen Tianming
Published: October 2022

To investigate the value of combination of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and procalcitonin (PCT) for prediction of septic shock after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). A total of 1328 patients receiving PCNL for renal calculi were allocated into control group (without septic shock) and septic shock group, and related data were retrospectively collected. Univariate analysis was firstly performed, and the variables with two sided P < 0.10 were then included in logistic regression analysis to determine independent risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was utilized to evaluate the predictive values. Area under curve (AUC) was compared using Z test. Postoperative septic shock was developed in 61 patients (4.6%) and not developed in 1267 patients (95.3%). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that SOFA score (OR: 1.316, 95% CI 1.125–1.922), PCT (OR: 1.205, 95% CI 1.071–1.696) and operative time (OR: 1.108, 95% CI 1.032–1.441) were independent risk factors for septic shock with adjustment for sex, history of urolithiasis surgery, positive history of urine culture and history of PCNL. The ROC curves demonstrated that the AUCs of SOFA score and PCT for predicting septic shock after PCNL were 0.896 (95% CI 0.866–0.927) and 0.792 (95% CI 0.744–0.839), respectively. The AUC of their combination was 0.971 (95% CI 0.949–0.990), which was higher than those of individual predictions (vs 0.896, Z = 4.086, P < 0.001; vs 0.792, Z = 6.983, P < 0.001). Both the SOFA score and PCT could be applied in predicting septic shock after PCNL, and their combination could further elevate the diagnostic ability.
Comparative Study of Multifunctional Irrigation‐assisted Vacuum Drainage, Vacuum Sealing Drainage and the Penrose Drain in Treating Severe Multi‐space Deep Fascial Infection in the Head and Neck
Authors: Qian Yuanyi , He Di , Qi HaoZhao , Zhang Tian , Fu Tao , Yu Menghua , Yan Qin , Cai Zhuoying , Liu Yanming
Published: October 2022

Background

We aimed to compare multifunctional irrigation‐assisted vacuum drainage (MIVD), vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) and the Penrose drain in treating severe multi‐space deep fascial infection (DFI) in head and neck.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on 113 patients who had suffered from severe multi‐space DFI in head and neck and underwent surgical treatment. Patients were divided into the MIVD group, the VSD group, and the Penrose group according to their treatment. Baseline characteristics and clinical outcome data regarding infection control, clinicians’ workload, surgical procedure required, and cost were analyzed.

Results

Duration of antibiotic administration was significantly shorter using MIVD and VSD than Penrose drains (p = 0.002 with MIVD, p = 0.008 with VSD). Hospital stay in the MIVD group was shorter than the Penrose group (p = 0.034). Compared to the other two groups, more times of manual irrigation were needed in higher frequency in the Penrose group (p < 0.001). Longer Incision and more surgical operation were required in the VSD group than the other two groups (p < 0.001). The treatment cost in the VSD group was higher than the MIVD group (p = 0.045) and the Penrose group (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

In the treatment of severe multi‐space DFI in head and neck, MIVD and VSD are superior to the Penrose drain in infection control and reduction in clinicians’ workload. Meanwhile, MIVD, with fewer surgical procedures required and less cost, seems to be a more promising method than VSD.
Ventriculosubgaleal shunt as a proposed technique for post-infectious hydrocephalus
Authors: Amen Mohamed Mohsen , Zaher Ahmed , Badr Hatem Ibraheem , Elshirbiny Mohammad Fekry , Elnaggar Ahmed Mahmoud , Khalil Amr Farid
Published: October 2022

Background

The management of post-infectious hydrocephalus (PIH) remains challenging for neurosurgeons. It requires a temporary diversion procedure till the normalization of CSF parameters prior to the permanent one. Ventriculosubgaleal shunt (VSGS) was widely used in pediatric cases with post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH). However, its role in PIH is still lacking. This study was done to elucidate the safety and efficacy of VSGS as a temporary CSF diversion procedure before the permanent one in patients with PIH.

Patients and methods

This retrospective investigation analyzed the data of 50 consecutive cases who underwent VSGS for PIH.

Results

The age of the included patients ranged between 1 and 10 months. Twenty-six cases had meningitis and or ventriculitis (52%), while the remaining had shunt infection. At follow-up, arresting of hydrocephalus was noted in ten patients (20%), while another 36 cases required the permanent diversion procedure within 35 days. Regarding the shunt complications, scalp infection, tissue breakdown, and shunt exposure were encountered in ten cases (20%), while CSF leakage was noted in 12 cases (24%). Shunt migration was noted in only two patients (4%). Shunt revision was needed in 16 cases (32%). Mortality was encountered in four cases (8%) because of sepsis. Risk factors for morbimortality included younger age, lower weight, male gender, and meningitis and or ventriculitis.

Conclusion

VSGS is a safe and effective procedure in infants awaiting definitive VPS for postinfectious hydrocephalus. It was proven that VSGS has shortened the hospital stay and the economic burden on the country.
Current trends in diagnostic and therapeutic management of the axilla in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy: results of the German-wide NOGGO MONITOR 24 survey
Authors: Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Untch Michael , Krawczyk Natalia , Thurmann Maria , Kühn Thorsten , Sehouli Jalid , Gasparri Maria Luisa , de Boniface Jana , Gentilini Oreste Davide , Stickeler Elmar , Ditsch Nina , Rody Achim , Paluchowski Peter , Blohmer Jens-Uwe
Published: October 2022

Purpose

In the last 2 decades, the optimal management of the axilla in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has been one of the most frequently discussed topics. Little is known about the attitudes of surgeons/radiologists towards new developments such as targeted axillary dissection. Therefore, the NOGGO conducted a survey to evaluate the current approach to axillary management.

Methods

A standardized digital questionnaire was sent out to > 200 departments in Germany between 7/2021 and 5/2022. The survey was supported by EUBREAST.

Results

In total, 116 physicians completed the survey. In cN0 patients scheduled to receive NACT, 89% of respondents recommended sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) after NACT. In case of ypN1mi(sn), 44% advised no further therapy, while 31% proposed ALND and 25% axillary irradiation. 64% of respondents recommended a minimally invasive axillary biopsy to cN + patients. TAD was used at the departments of 82% of respondents and was offered to all cN + patients converting to ycN0 by 57% and only to selected patients, usually based on the number of suspicious nodes at time of presentation, by 43%. The most common marking technique was a clip/coil. 67% estimated that the detection rate of their marker was very good or good.

Conclusion

This survey shows a heterogenous approach towards axillary management in the neoadjuvant setting in Germany. Most respondents follow current guidelines. Since only two-thirds of respondents experienced the detection rate of the marker used at their department as (very) good, future studies should focus on the comparative evaluation of different marking techniques.
No impact of sex on surgical site infections in abdominal surgery: a multi-center study
Authors: Zwicky Simone N. , Gloor Severin , Tschan Franziska , Candinas Daniel , Demartines Nicolas , Weber Markus , Beldi Guido
Published: October 2022

Objective

Male sex is controversially discussed as a risk factor for surgical site infections (SSI). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of sex on SSI in abdominal surgery under elimination of relevant confounders.

Methods

Clinicopathological data of 6603 patients undergoing abdominal surgery from a multi-center prospective database of four Swiss hospitals including patients between 2015 and 2018 were assessed. Patients were stratified according to postoperative SSI and risk factors for SSI were identified using univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results

In 649 of 6603 patients, SSI was reported (9.8%). SSI was significantly associated with reoperation (22.7% vs. 3.4%, p < 0.001), increased mortality rate (4.6% vs. 0.9%, p < 0.001), and increased rate of length of hospital stay > 75th percentile (57.0% vs. 17.9%, p < 0.001). In univariate analysis, male sex was a significant risk factor for SSI (p = 0.01). In multivariate analysis including multiple confounders’ such as comorbidities and perioperative factors, there was no association between male sex and risk of SSI (odds ratio (OR) 1.1 [CI 0.8–1.4]). Independent risk factors for SSI in multivariate analysis were BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (OR 1.8 [CI 1.3–2.3]), duration of surgery > 75th percentile (OR 2.3 [1.8–2.9]), high contamination level (OR 1.3 [1.0–1.6]), laparotomy (OR 1.3 [1.0–1.7]), previous laparotomy (OR 1.4 [1.1–1.7]), blood transfusion (OR 1.7 [1.2–2.4]), cancer (OR 1.3 [1.0–1.8] and malnutrition (OR 2.5 [1.8–3.4]).

Conclusion

Under elimination of relevant confounders, there is no significant correlation between sex and risk of SSI after abdominal surgery.
Laparoscopic Heller-Dor is an effective long-term treatment for end-stage achalasia
Authors: Salvador Renato , Nezi Giulia , Forattini Francesca , Riccio Federica , Vittori Arianna , Provenzano Luca , Capovilla Giovanni , Nicoletti Loredana , Moletta Lucia , Pierobon Elisa Sefora , Valmasoni Michele , Merigliano Stefano , Costantini Mario
Published: October 2022

Background

The end-stage achalasia is a difficult condition to treat, for the esophageal diameter and conformation of the gullet, that may progress to a sigmoid shape. The aim of this study was to examine the outcome of Laparoscopic Heller-Dor in patients with end-stage achalasia, comparing them with patients who had mega-esophagus without a sigmoid shape.

Methods

From 1992 to 2020, patients with a diagnosis of sigmoid esophagus, or radiological stage IV achalasia (the SE group), and patients with a straight esophagus larger than 6 cm in diameter, or radiological stage III achalasia (the NSE group), were all treated with LHD. The two groups were compared in terms of patients’ symptoms, based on the Eckardt score, and on barium swallow, endoscopy and manometry performed before and after the treatment. The failure of the treatment was defined as an Eckardt score > 3, or the need for further treatment.

Results

The study involved 164 patients: 73 in the SE group and 91 in the NSE group. No intra- or postoperative mortality was recorded. The median follow-up was 51 months (IQR 25–107). The outcome was satisfactory in 71.2% of patients in the SE group, and in 89% of those in the NSE group (p = 0.005).

Conclusions

SE is certainly the worst condition of the disease and the final outcome of LHD, in term of symptom control, is inferior compared to NSE. Despite this, almost 3/4 of the SE patients experienced a significant relieve in symptoms after LHD, which may therefore still be the first surgical option to offer to these patients, before considering esophagectomy.
FFT-based homogenization at finite strains using composite boxels (ComBo)
Authors: Keshav Sanath , Fritzen Felix , Kabel Matthias
Published: October 2022

Computational homogenization is the gold standard for concurrent multi-scale simulations (e.g., FE2) in scale-bridging applications. Often the simulations are based on experimental and synthetic material microstructures represented by high-resolution 3D image data. The computational complexity of simulations operating on such voxel data is distinct. The inability of voxelized 3D geometries to capture smooth material interfaces accurately, along with the necessity for complexity reduction, has motivated a special local coarse-graining technique called composite voxels (Kabel et al. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 294: 168–188, 2015). They condense multiple fine-scale voxels into a single voxel, whose constitutive model is derived from the laminate theory. Our contribution generalizes composite voxels towards composite boxels (ComBo) that are non-equiaxed, a feature that can pay off for materials with a preferred direction such as pseudo-uni-directional fiber composites. A novel image-based normal detection algorithm is devised which (i) allows for boxels in the firsts place and (ii) reduces the error in the phase-averaged stresses by around 30% against the orientation cf. Kabel et al. (Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 294: 168–188, 2015) even for equiaxed voxels. Further, the use of ComBo for finite strain simulations is studied in detail. An efficient and robust implementation is proposed, featuring an essential selective back-projection algorithm preventing physically inadmissible states. Various examples show the efficiency of ComBo against the original proposal by Kabel et al. (Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 294: 168–188, 2015) and the proposed algorithmic enhancements for nonlinear mechanical problems. The general usability is emphasized by examining various Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) based solvers, including a detailed description of the Doubly-Fine Material Grid (DFMG) for finite strains. All of the studied schemes benefit from the ComBo discretization.
The Economic Effects of Potential EU Tariff Sanctions on Russia — A Sectoral Approach
Authors: Latipov Olim , Lau Christian , Mahlstein Kornel , Schropp Simon
Published: October 2022

As part of its sanctions regime, the United States recently announced the imposition of punitive import tariffs on 570 product groups from Russia. The European Union may follow suit and enact sanctions on Russia that mirror the US sanctions in scale and scope. Using a sector-specific partial-equilibrium model, we quantify the impact of such mirror sanctions. We find they would inflict on Russia welfare losses of at least $996 million per year — at an overall cost of $150 million to EU consumers. Breaking down these totals in a sectoral analysis, we find that mirroring the US action would produce mixed results from the EU’s perspective. On the one hand, tariff sanctions cover a number of sectors whose inclusion would inflict particularly large welfare losses for Russia and/or high welfare gains for the EU. On the other hand, mirror sanctions would bring significant inefficiencies for the EU. For example, in 72 sectors, higher tariffs would inflict greater harm on the EU than on the Russian economy, causing EU losses in excess of $560 million. Thus, consistent with the spirit of international coordination and alignment, the EU may consider adjusting the suite of tariff sanctions rather than simply adopting the US package.
The Euro Area Periphery Debt Conundrum
Authors: Brooks Robin , Pingle Jonathan
Published: October 2022

There are many reasons to reform the Stability and Growth Pact, but that reform is no panacea. This is because the euro area periphery has increasingly entered a debt conundrum.
Tolerance Optimization of Patch Parameters for Locally Reinforced Composite Structures
Authors: Franz Michael , Wartzack Sandro
Published: October 2022

A rising number of applications and increasing volume of composite structures production lead to a high relevance of variation management during their design. Structural optimization for lightweight purposes often results in designs consisting of a base laminate with local reinforcement patches. Nominally, these optimized designs offer a thorough exploitation of lightweight potential. Yet, they suffer from variations of the reinforcements resulting in a worsened manufacturing behavior and reduced structural performance. To ensure the quality, tolerances should be allocated for the parameters of the local reinforcement patches. Therefore, in the current contribution a tolerance optimization method is presented identifying optimal tolerance values for the design parameters of the reinforcements with respect to the structural behavior. This includes the discussion of challenges regarding the suitable parametrization and modeling of local reinforcement patches for variation simulation based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA), the usage of surrogate modeling to reduce the computational effort of structural analyses, as well as an approach to penalize tight tolerances of different parameter types. The proposed tolerance optimization is applied to a use case. Tolerances for the patch parameters are optimized, meeting the structural quality constraints of the composite structure.
Effects of temperature change on the rheological property of modified multiwall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Hu Weipeng , Wang Zhen , Huai Yulu , Feng Xiqiao , Song Wenqi , Deng Zichen
Published: October 2022

Solvent-free nanofluids hold promise for many technologically significant applications. The liquid-like behavior, a typical rheological property of solvent-free nanofluids, has aroused considerable interests. However, there has been still lack of efficient methods to predict and control the liquid-like behavior of solvent-free nanofluids. In this paper, we propose a semi-discrete dynamic system with stochastic excitation describing the temperature change effects on the rheological property of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified by grafting sulfonic acid terminated organosilanes as corona and tertiary amine as canopy, which is a typical covalent-type solvent-free nanofluid system. The vibration of the grafting branches is simulated by employing a structure-preserving approach, and the shear force of grafting branches at the fixed end is computed subsequently. By taking the shear forces as an excitation acting on the MWCNTs, the axial motion of the MWCNTs is solved with the 7-point Gauss-Kronrod quadrature rule. The critical temperature associated with the appearance of the liquid-like behavior as well as the upper bound of the moving speed of the modified MWCNTs is determined, which can be used to predict and control the liquid-like behavior of the modified MWCNTs in engineering applications.
How to Start a Fight: A Qualitative Video Analysis of the Trajectories Toward Violence Based on Phone-Camera Recorded Fights
Authors: Weenink Don , Tuma René , van Bruchem Marly
Published: October 2022

We aim to contribute to recent situational approaches to the study of interpersonal violence by elaborating the concept of trajectories. Trajectories are communicative processes in which antagonists act upon each other’s bodily and verbal actions to project a direction for the interaction to take, which is then (con) tested in the exchanges that follow. We use the notion of trajectories to gain insight in how participants turn an antagonistic situation into a violent encounter, which we contrast to interactionist and micro-sociological understandings. Using ethnomethodological and conversation analytical tools, we detail the trajectories of three violent encounters, captured on phone camera recordings to answer the question how verbal and bodily exchanges project physical violence. Methodologically, our contribution shows how bodily actions can be studied in visual data. Our cases show how antagonists move the interaction toward violence by creating a metaconflict revolving around the conditions under which the interaction will become a physical confrontation; what we call the contested projection of violence. We conclude that the concept of trajectories offers a useful analytical tool to detail the shifts and turns of the interactive process—notably it’s bodily dimensions— that characterize antagonism and violence. Substantially, our analysis raises questions about conceptualizations of the emotional dynamics (notably the role of dominance) of violence, as proposed by earlier micro-sociological and interactionist work. We therefore suggest that future studies engage with these issues in more detail and in larger datasets.
Prevalence of Overweight and Obese Prepregnancy BMI and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain Using Asian-Specific Cutoffs Among Asian and Mixed-Asian Women Living in Hawaii: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Daida Y. , Pedula K.
Published: October 2022

Introduction

The use of Asian-specific Body Mass Index (aBMI) cutoffs may be more appropriate than general World Health Organization BMI (gBMI) cutoffs in determining recommended gestational weight gain (GWG) for Asian women. Since aBMI cutoffs are lower than gBMI, more Asian women will be reclassified into higher aBMI categories from gBMI. The prevalence of reclassification and its impact on GWG are not known.

Methods

We utilized the electronic health records of 8886 Kaiser Permanente Hawaii members aged ≥ 18 with a singleton live birth. Prepregnancy BMI was first classified using gBMI criteria, then aBMI criteria. BMI categories were “underweight”, “normal”, “overweight” and “obese”; GWG was classified into lower (“lGWG”), met (“mGWG”), and exceed (“eGWG”) GWG per WHO recommendations. Self-reported race/ethnicity include Asian, Asian + Pacific Islander, and Asian + white. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds of reclassification. The Cochran-Mantel–Haenszel test was used to evaluate associations between race/ethnicity and GWG.

Results

 > 40% of women in each racial/ethnic group were reclassified. Asian + Pacific Islander women had significantly higher odds of being reclassified (p < .0001). In the normal gBMI and aBMI category, Asian + Pacific Islander women had the largest eGWG group. In the overweight gBMI category, Asian + Pacific Islander women had the largest eGWG group; in the overweight aBMI category, Asian + white women had the largest eGWG group.

Discussion

A sizable percent of women were reclassified into higher BMI categories when aBMI was applied. Mixed-race Asian women were more likely to exceed GWG recommendations than Asian women.
Kundenseitige Akzeptanz digitaler Finanzassistenten
Authors: Kwasniok Sascha , Bora Stefan
Published: October 2022

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, welche Faktoren auf Kundenseite die Nutzungseinstellung zu digitalen Finanzassistenten beeinflussen. Digitale Finanzassistenten bilden dabei Online-Anwendungen, die Nutzern über mehrere Banken und Versicherer eine integrierte Darstellung ihrer gesamten Finanz- und Absicherungssituation erlauben. Für die Untersuchung werden Erkenntnisse der Technologieakzeptanzforschung (vor allem „Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)“) und der Forschung zur Nutzung internetbasierter Technologien (vor allem „Internet Users’ Information Privacy Concern (IUIPC)“) verwendet. Das abgeleitete Erklärungsmodell wird auf Grundlage einer Online-Befragung (n = 2054) zunächst überprüft. Anschließend erfolgt eine explorative Modellmodifikation mittels einer Faktorenanalyse über alle verwendeten Frage-Items. Die Ergebnisse der durchgeführten multiplen linearen Regressionsanalysen zeigen, dass der wahrgenommene Nutzen, das Anbietervertrauen sowie die persönliche Innovationsbereitschaft und die wahrgenommene Kompatibilität mit dem eigenen Lebensstil einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Einstellung zu digitalen Finanzassistenten nehmen. Die Studienergebnisse bilden die Grundlage für die Ableitung von Handlungsempfehlungen für die Versicherungspraxis bezüglich der Gestaltung und Ausrichtung digitaler Finanzassistenten.
Asian-Pacific consensus on small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in gastrointestinal disorders: An initiative of the Indian Neurogastroenterology and Motility Association
Authors: Ghoshal Uday C. , Sachdeva Sanjeev , Ghoshal Ujjala , Misra Asha , Puri Amarender Singh , Pratap Nitesh , Shah Ayesha , Rahman M. Masudur , Gwee Kok Ann , Tan Victoria P Y , Ahmed Tahmeed , Lee Yeong Yeh , Ramakrishna B S , Talukdar Rupjyoti , Rana S V , Sinha Saroj K , Chen Minhu , Kim Nayoung , Holtmann Gerald
Published: October 2022

In the clinical setting, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a frequent, but under-diagnosed entity. SIBO is linked to various gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI disorders with potentially significant morbidity. The optimal management of SIBO is undefined while there is a lack of published consensus guidelines. Against this background, under the auspices of the Indian Neurogastroenterology and Motility Association (INMA), formerly known as the Indian Motility and Functional Diseases Association (IMFDA), experts from the Asian-Pacific region with extensive research and clinical experience in the field of gut dysbiosis including SIBO developed this evidence-based practice guideline for the management of SIBO utilizing a modified Delphi process based upon 37 consensus statements, involving an electronic voting process as well as face-to-face meetings and review of relevant supporting literature. These statements include 6 statements on definition and epidemiology; 11 on etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology; 5 on clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, and predictors; and 15 on investigations and treatment. When the proportion of those who voted either to accept completely or with minor reservations was 80% or higher, the statement was regarded as accepted. The members of the consensus team consider that this guideline would be valuable to inform clinical practice, teaching, and research on SIBO in the Asian-Pacific region as well as in other countries.
Exogenous Ketone Supplements in Athletic Contexts: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Evans Mark , McClure Tyler S. , Koutnik Andrew P. , Egan Brendan
Published: October 2022

The ketone bodies acetoacetate (AcAc) and β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) have pleiotropic effects in multiple organs including brain, heart, and skeletal muscle by serving as an alternative substrate for energy provision, and by modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, catabolic processes, and gene expression. Of particular relevance to athletes are the metabolic actions of ketone bodies to alter substrate utilisation through attenuating glucose utilisation in peripheral tissues, anti-lipolytic effects on adipose tissue, and attenuation of proteolysis in skeletal muscle. There has been long-standing interest in the development of ingestible forms of ketone bodies that has recently resulted in the commercial availability of exogenous ketone supplements (EKS). These supplements in the form of ketone salts and ketone esters, in addition to ketogenic compounds such as 1,3-butanediol and medium chain triglycerides, facilitate an acute transient increase in circulating AcAc and βHB concentrations, which has been termed ‘acute nutritional ketosis’ or ‘intermittent exogenous ketosis’. Some studies have suggested beneficial effects of EKS to endurance performance, recovery, and overreaching, although many studies have failed to observe benefits of acute nutritional ketosis on performance or recovery. The present review explores the rationale and historical development of EKS, the mechanistic basis for their proposed effects, both positive and negative, and evidence to date for their effects on exercise performance and recovery outcomes before concluding with a discussion of methodological considerations and future directions in this field.
Carrots, sticks, sermons or nudges? Survey evidence of the Swedish general public's attitude towards different public policy tools
Authors: Andersson Patric , Almqvist Gustav
Published: October 2022

This article reports on a survey study comparing the general public's attitude towards nudging to its attitude towards the traditional tools of government: information, subsidies, taxes and mandates. The study was based on responses from a representative sample of the adult Swedish population. In separate evaluations, the respondents rated how positively or negatively they perceived a set of specific policy tools, traditional and behavioral, across different policy goals. Overall, information and subsidies were more positively perceived than the other types of policy tools, nudging included. Respondents’ attitudes towards the policy tools were partly explained by individualistic ideological views, whether they agreed with the intended policy goals, and certain socio-demographic variables. Implications for future research and public policy are discussed.
Relationship Between Nursing Students’ Awareness of Disaster, Preparedness for Disaster, Willingness to Participate in Disaster Response, and Disaster Nursing Competency
Authors: Kang Ji-Suk , Lee Hyejin , Seo Ji Min
Published: October 2022

Objective:

This study was conducted to provide basic data for preparing a disaster nursing education program. It examined the degree of nursing students’ disaster awareness, disaster preparedness, willingness to participate in disaster response, and disaster nursing competency, aiming to determine the relationship between these attributes.

Methods:

This was a descriptive research study. The participants were 163 nursing students. The data collected from the participants were analyzed via descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation coefficients.

Results:

Disaster awareness showed a positive correlation with a willingness to participate in a disaster response. Further, disaster preparedness and willingness to participate in a disaster response showed a positive correlation with disaster nursing capacity. Disaster awareness did not show a significant correlation with disaster preparedness and disaster nursing competency. Last, disaster preparedness did not show a significant correlation with willingness to participate in a disaster response.

Conclusions:

It is necessary to improve nursing students’ disaster awareness, disaster preparation, disaster response participation willingness, and disaster nursing competency. It is imperative to develop disaster nursing education programs to strengthen students’ capabilities in a comprehensive manner.
An interactive bi-objective optimisation process to guide the design of electric vehicle warning sounds
Authors: Souaille Tom , Petiot Jean-François , Misdariis Nicolas , Lagrange Mathieu
Published: October 2022

Electric vehicles (EVs) are very quiet at low speed, which can be hazardous for pedestrians, especially visually impaired people. It is now mandatory (since mid-2019 in Europe) to add external warning sounds, but poor sound design can lead to noise pollution, and consequently annoyance. Moreover, it is possible that EVs are not sufficiently detectable in urban areas because of the masking effect from the background noise. In this paper, we propose a method for the design of warning sounds that takes into account both detectability and unpleasantness. The method implements a multiobjective interactive genetic algorithm (IGA) for the optimisation of the characteristics of synthesised sounds. An experiment is proposed to a first panel of participants in order to define a set of Pareto efficient sounds. At the individual level, sounds obtained with the IGA are compared to different sound design proposals. Results show that the quality of the sounds designed by the IGA method is comparable to those provided by a sound designer. From the sounds of the Pareto set, a design recommendation method based on the probability distributions of the sounds’ characteristics is proposed. An external validation with a second panel of participants shows that these recommended sounds constitute relevant trade-offs when compared to other design proposals.
Computation of lattice isomorphisms and the integral matrix similarity problem
Authors: Bley Werner , Hofmann Tommy , Johnston Henri
Published: October 2022

LetKbe a number field, letAbe a finite-dimensionalK-algebra, let$\operatorname {\mathrm {J}}(A)$denote the Jacobson radical ofAand let$\Lambda $be an$\mathcal {O}_{K}$-order inA. Suppose that each simple component of the semisimpleK-algebra$A/{\operatorname {\mathrm {J}}(A)}$is isomorphic to a matrix ring over a field. Under this hypothesis onA, we give an algorithm that, given two$\Lambda $-latticesXandY, determines whetherXandYare isomorphic and, if so, computes an explicit isomorphism$X \rightarrow Y$. This algorithm reduces the problem to standard problems in computational algebra and algorithmic algebraic number theory in polynomial time. As an application, we give an algorithm for the following long-standing problem: Given a number fieldK, a positive integernand two matrices$A,B \in \mathrm {Mat}_{n}(\mathcal {O}_{K})$, determine whetherAandBare similar over$\mathcal {O}_{K}$, and if so, return a matrix$C \in \mathrm {GL}_{n}(\mathcal {O}_{K})$such that$B= CAC^{-1}$. We give explicit examples that show that the implementation of the latter algorithm for$\mathcal {O}_{K}=\mathbb {Z}$vastly outperforms implementations of all previous algorithms, as predicted by our complexity analysis.