bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Application of Degradable Lignin/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Polymers as Urea Slow-Release Coating Materials
Authors: Liu Yue , Cao Long , Wang Linshan , Qi Yanjiao , Zhao Yamin , Lu Huining , Lu Lina , Zhang Derong , Wang Zifan , Zhang Hong
Published: April 2024

The massive amount of water-soluble urea used leads to nutrient loss and environmental pollution in both water and soil. The aim of this study was to develop a novel lignin-based slow-release envelope material that has essential nitrogen and sulfur elements for plants. After the amination reaction with a hydrolysate of yak hair keratin, the coating formulation was obtained by adding different loadings (2, 5, 8, 14 wt%) of aminated lignin (AL) to 5% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution. These formulations were cast into films and characterized for their structure, thermal stability, and mechanical and physicochemical properties. The results showed that the PVA-AL (8%) formulation had good physical and chemical properties in terms of water absorption and mechanical properties, and it showed good degradation in soil with 51% weight loss after 45 days. It is suitable for use as a coating material for fertilizers. Through high-pressure spraying technology, enveloped urea particles with a PVA-AL (8%) solution were obtained, which showed good morphology and slow-release performance. Compared with urea, the highest urea release was only 96.4% after 30 days, conforming to Higuchi model, Ritger–Peppas model, and second-order dynamic model. The continuous nitrogen supply of PVA-AL coated urea to Brassica napus was verified by potting experiments. Therefore, the lignin-based composite can be used as a coating material to produce a new slow-release nitrogen fertilizer for sustainable crop production.
The Marine Alga Sargassum horneri Is a Functional Food with High Bioactivity
Authors: Yamaguchi Masayoshi
Published: April 2024

Functional food factors can play a preventive and therapeutic role in several human diseases. The marine alga Sargassum horneri (S. horneri) has restorative effects in several types of metabolic disorders, including osteoporosis, diabetes, inflammatory conditions, and cancer cell growth. Osteoporosis is widely recognized as a major public health problem. Bone loss associated with ageing and diabetic states was prevented through the intake of bioactive compounds from S. horneri water extract in vivo by stimulating osteoblastic bone formation and inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro. The intake of S. horneri water extract was found to have preventive effects on diabetic findings with an increase in serum glucose and lipid components. Furthermore, the S. horneri component has been shown to suppress adipogenesis from rat bone marrow cells and inflammatory conditions in vitro. Notably, the growth of bone metastatic human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, which induce bone loss with osteolytic effects, was suppressed through culturing with the S. horneri water extract component in vitro. The S. horneri component, which has a molecular weight of less than 1000, was found to suppress the activation of NF-κB signaling by tumor necrosis factor-α, a cytokine associated with inflammation, in osteoblastic cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro, suggesting a molecular mechanism. The bioactive component of S. horneri may play a multifunctional role in the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders. This review outlines the advanced knowledge of the biological activity of the aqueous extract components of S. horneri and discusses the development of health supplements using this material.
COVID-19-Induced Diabetes Mellitus: Comprehensive Cellular and Molecular Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Nhau Praise Tatenda , Gamede Mlindeli , Sibiya Ntethelelo
Published: April 2024

Despite evidence demonstrating the risks of developing diabetes mellitus because of SARS-CoV-2, there is, however, insufficient scientific data available to elucidate the relationship between diabetes mellitus and COVID-19. Research indicates that SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with persistent damage to organ systems due to the systemic inflammatory response. Since COVID-19 is known to induce these conditions, further investigation is necessary to fully understand its long-term effects on human health. Consequently, it is essential to consider the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic when predicting the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the future, especially since the incidence of diabetes mellitus was already on the rise before the pandemic. Additional research is required to fully comprehend the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Therefore, this article delves deeper into the current literature and links the perceived relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and diabetes. In addition, the article highlights the necessity for further research to fully grasp the mechanisms that SARS-CoV-2 utilises to induce new-onset diabetes. Where understanding and consensus are reached, therapeutic interventions to prevent the onset of diabetes could be proposed. Lastly, we propose advocating for the regular screening of diabetes and pre-diabetes, particularly for the high-risk population with a history of COVID-19 infection.
The Impact of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on the Autonomic Nervous System and Cardiovascular System in Rats in a Sex-Specific Manner
Authors: Jurczyk Michał , Król Magdalena , Midro Aleksandra , Dyląg Katarzyna , Kurnik-Łucka Magdalena , Skowron Kamil , Gil Krzysztof
Published: April 2024

Background: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a consequence of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) associated with a range of effects, including dysmorphic features, prenatal and/or postnatal growth problems, and neurodevelopmental difficulties. Despite advances in treatment methods, there are still gaps in knowledge that highlight the need for further research. The study investigates the effect of PAE on the autonomic system, including sex differences that may aid in early FASD diagnosis, which is essential for effective interventions. Methods: During gestational days 5 to 20, five pregnant female Wistar rats were orally administered either glucose or ethanol. After 22 days, 26 offspring were born and kept with their mothers for 21 days before being isolated. Electrocardiographic recordings were taken on the 29th and 64th day. Heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were collected, including heart rate (HR), standard deviation (SD), standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), and the root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats (RMSSD). Additionally, a biochemical analysis of basic serum parameters was performed on day 68 of the study. Results: The study found that PAE had a significant impact on HRV. While electrolyte homeostasis remained mostly unaffected, sex differences were observed across various parameters in both control and PAE groups, highlighting the sex-specific effects of PAE. Specifically, the PAE group had lower mean heart rates, particularly among females, and higher SDNN and RMSSD values. Additionally, there was a shift towards parasympathetic activity and a reduction in heart rate entropy in the PAE group. Biochemical changes induced by PAE were also observed, including elevated levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), especially in males, increased creatinine concentration in females, and alterations in lipid metabolism. Conclusions: PAE negatively affects the development of the autonomic nervous system, resulting in decreased heart rate and altered sympathetic activity. PAE also induces cardiovascular abnormalities with sex-specific effects, highlighting a relationship between PAE consequences and sex. Elevated liver enzymes in the PAE group may indicate direct toxic effects, while increased creatinine levels, particularly in females, may suggest an influence on nephrogenesis and vascular function. The reduced potassium content may be linked to hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis overactivity.
In Vitro Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Inhibition Using a Green Light Source
Authors: Roa-Tort Karen , Saavedra Yael , Villanueva-Martínez Angélica , Ganem-Rondero Adriana , Pérez-Carranza Laura Abril , de la Rosa-Vázquez José M. , Ugalde-Femat Gabriel , Molina-Alejandre Omar , Becerril-Osnaya Andrea Angela , Rivera-Fernández Josué D.
Published: April 2024

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been based on using photosensitizers (PS) and applying light of a specific wavelength. When this technique is used for treating infections, it is known as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Currently, the use of lighting sources for in vitro studies using aPDT is generally applied in multiwell cell culture plates; however, depending on the lighting arrangement, there are usually errors in the application of the technique because the light from a well can affect the neighboring wells or it may be that not all the wells are used in the same experiment. In addition, one must be awarded high irradiance values, which can cause unwanted photothermal problems in the studies. Thus, this manuscript presents an in vitro antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for a Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) inhibition study using an arrangement of thermally isolated and independently illuminated green light source systems for eight tubes in vitro aPDT, determining the effect of the following factors: (i) irradiance level, (ii) exposure time, and (iii) Rose Bengal (RB) concentration (used as a PS), registering the Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) inhibition rates. The results show that in the dark, RB had a poor antimicrobial rate for P. aeruginosa, finding the maximum inhibition (2.7%) at 30 min with an RB concentration of 3 µg/mL. However, by applying light in a correct dosage (time × irradiance) and the adequate RB concentration, the inhibition rate increased by over 37%. In the case of MRSA, there was no significant inhibition with RB in complete darkness and, in contrast, the rate was 100% for those experiments that were irradiated.
Recyclable and Biobased Vitrimers for Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Composites—A Review
Authors: Tran Hoang T. T. , Nisha Shammi Sultana , Radjef Racim , Nikzad Mostafa , Bjekovic Robert , Fox Bronwyn
Published: April 2024

Economic and environmental concerns over the accumulation of end-of-life carbon fibre composite waste have led to increased attention to sustainable materials with low environmental impact. Over decades of research, vitrimers, a modern class of covalent adaptable networks, have bridged the gap between thermoplastics and thermosets. With the distinguishing feature of dynamic covalent bonds, vitrimers can be rearranged and reprocessed within their existing network structures in response to external stimuli such as heat or light. This poses a unique solution to repairing damaged composites, extending their service life, and reducing post-consumer waste. However, the synthesis of vitrimers often requires petrochemical consumption, which increases their carbon footprint. Using bio-based materials could be a promising solution to reduce the reliance on petrochemicals and their related pollution. This review compiles the contemporary requirements for bio-based vitrimers regarding their properties, scalability, and recycling features. This article also presents a comprehensive overview of the pathways to produce sustainable bio-based vitrimers and an overview of promising studies showing the potential uses of bio-derived vitrimers on carbon fibre composite productions.
Using Chia Powder as a Binder to Obtain Chewable Tablets Containing Quinoa for Dietary Fiber Supplementation
Authors: da Silva Rosana Pereira , Reyes Fanny Judhit Vereau , Daniel Josiane Souza Pereira , da Silva Pestana Julia Estevam , de Almeida Pires Samara , Ferraz Humberto Gomes
Published: April 2024

The consumption of fiber in the human diet is a global recommendation to ensure a healthy diet. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), a gluten-free grain, and chia (Salvia hispanica), a seed, contain a high fiber content, and both have the potential to be used in the development of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical formulations. An interesting characteristic of chia is its ability to form viscous mucilage when in contact with water, making it a potential binder in solid formulations. However, there are no studies on chia as a binder, and therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of using chia as a binder to produce quinoa granules and, subsequently, develop chewable tablet formulations. The quinoa and chia were in a powder form and then transformed into a wet mass with the help of mixer torque rheometer (MTR) equipment. In the wet granulation form, the following parameters were tested: multiple additions, 15 g of material, and 25 timepoints for the addition of 1 mL of water. An experimental design was carried out to evaluate the impact of the variables on the MTR results for subsequent granulation. The granulation point was possible for T1–T9, and most formulations gave satisfactory results, such as an acceptable resistance of the granules. In the end, a formulation was selected for the development of chewable tablets containing quinoa and chia fibers.
A Multi-Level Analysis of Biological, Social, and Psychological Determinants of Substance Use Disorder and Co-Occurring Mental Health Outcomes
Authors: Belfiore Cecilia Ilaria , Galofaro Valeria , Cotroneo Deborah , Lopis Alessia , Tringali Isabella , Denaro Valeria , Casu Mirko
Published: April 2024

We explored the intricate interplay of biological, social, and psychological factors contributing to substance use disorder (SUD) and co-occurring psychiatric symptoms. Drug misuse is a global concern, with increasing prevalence rates affecting mental well-being and safety. The spectrum of SUD includes polysubstance users, posing challenges for treatment and associated health outcomes. Various psychoactive substances like cannabis, hallucinogens, opioids, and stimulants impact addiction vulnerability, with marijuana being widely used globally. Gender differences in SUD prevalence have narrowed, with women escalating drug consumption rapidly once initiated. Age disparities in substance use highlight regional variations among adolescents. Comorbidities with psychiatric symptoms are common, with mood and anxiety disorders frequently observed. This study aimed to analyze factors influencing SUD development and maintenance to inform prevention strategies and treatment recommendations. By conducting a systematic search of databases, sixty articles were reviewed, revealing diverse methodologies and geographic locations. Biological factors, including neurotransmitter systems like endocannabinoid and dopaminergic systems, play a significant role in addiction. Genetic and neurobiological factors contribute to cannabis addiction susceptibility. Social factors such as childhood experiences and parenting styles influence substance use behaviors. Psychological factors like personality traits and mental health conditions interact with SUD development. Understanding these multifaceted interactions is crucial for designing effective interventions to address the complexities of SUD and co-occurring psychiatric symptoms.
Paul’s Self-Presentation in Phil 1:12–26
Authors: Chaaya Dolly Elias
Published: April 2024

This article demonstrates how Paul’s self-presentation in Phil 1:12–26 serves as an important exemplum to the Christian community, whereby Paul, in contrast to those who “proclaim Christ out of selfish ambition” (Phil 1:17), values the Gospel, and therefore values Christ above all things. However, Paul’s synkrisis does not lead to self-boasting, but suggests that in regard to the Philippian community, “by his presence again […] their boast might abound in Christ Jesus because of him” (Phil 1:26). This sincerity guides us to focus this article on the function of Phil 1:12–26 in preparing the exemplum of Christ in Phil 2:6–11. In order to reach our desired result, it is necessarily important to underline keywords that are constantly repeated in Phil 1:12–26, such as χριστός, κυρίος, καταγγέλλω, and καύχημα, which serve as a hinge between the first three chapters of the letter to the Philippians, in addition to προσκοπή and παρρησία.
Addressing Challenges: Adopting Blockchain Technology in the Pharmaceutical Industry for Enhanced Sustainability
Authors: Riedel Tino
Published: April 2024

The growing importance of sustainability in organizational success, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry, underscores the need for leveraging technologies such as blockchain methods to enhance sustainability indicators across environmental, social, and economic pillars. This study aims to identify and understand the challenges hindering the adoption of blockchain technology in the pharmaceutical sector for improving sustainability performance, addressing two research topics: the specific challenges faced by blockchain adoption in this context and the interdependencies among these challenges. Employing a two-step approach, the study compiles challenges through a literature review, refines them via expert opinions, and establishes their interrelationships using methodologies like fuzzy interpretive structural modeling (FISM) and cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC). The research contributes to unraveling the complex relationships and dependencies within the system, providing a structured framework for improved decision making and strategic planning. It fills a literature gap as the first attempt to outline driving and dependent factors related to the challenges of adopting blockchain technology for sustainability enhancement in the pharmaceutical sector, offering insights that can significantly impact brand image, company perception, and consumer value.
Horn Antenna on Chip Operating at 180 GHz Using the SiGe CMOS Process
Authors: Chung Ming-An , Huang Zi-Yu , Chen Yu-Hsun
Published: April 2024

This article proposes a chip antenna on millimeter-Waves. This antenna combined with TSMC 180 nm SiGe CMOS technology has the advantage of being small in size and is suitable for wireless communications. The multilayer architecture Horn antenna implemented on M4–M6 can meet both process reliability specifications and radiation performance. The results of the simulation show that the maximum gain is −4.2 dBi. The return loss measurement results are almost consistent with the simulation results, and the bandwidth range is 177.4–183 GHz. This article first describes the antenna production process and measurement results, analyses the impact of the parameters on the antenna, and further compares it with other designs. The excellence of this article is that it proposes a design that solves the problem of large millimeter wave loss and successfully reduces the area. At the same time, this article can contribute to readers’ future optimization and continued research directions, and at the same time contribute simulation and measurement trends to let readers understand the stability of CMOS chip antenna simulation and measurement.
Simple Compact UWB Vivaldi Antenna Arrays for Breast Cancer Detection
Authors: Saleh Sahar , Saeidi Tale , Timmons Nick
Published: April 2024

In this study, at ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency band (3.1–10.6 GHz), we propose the use of compact 2:1 and 3:1 nonuniform transmission line Wilkinson power dividers (NTL WPDs) as feeding networks for simple 2 × 1 linear UWB Vivaldi tapered and nonuniform slot antenna (VTSA and VNSA) arrays. The 2:1 and 3:1 tapered transmission line (TTL) WPDs are designed and tested in this work as benchmarks for NTL WPDs. The VTSA array provides measured S11 < −10.28 dB at 2.42–11.52 GHz, with a maximum gain of 8.61 dBi, which is 24.39% higher than the single element. Using the VNSA array, we achieve 52% compactness and 6.76% bandwidth enhancement, with good measured results of S11 < −10.2 dB at 3.24–13 GHz and 15.11% improved gain (8.14 dBi) compared to the VNSA single element. The findings show that the NTL and Vivaldi nonuniform slot profile antenna (VNSPA) theories are successful at reducing the size of the UWB WPD and VTSA without sacrificing performance. They also emphasize the Vivaldi antenna’s compatibility with other circuits. These compact arrays are ideal for high-resolution medical applications like breast cancer detection (BCD) because of their high gain, wide bandwidth, directive stable radiation patterns, and low specific absorption rate (SAR). A simple BCD simulation scenario is addressed in this work. Detailed parametric studies are performed on the two arrays for impedance-matching enhancement. The computer simulation technology (CST) software is used for the simulation. Hardware measurement results prove the validity of the proposed arrays.
Be Direct! Restaurant Social Media Posts to Drive Customer Engagement in Times of Crisis and Beyond
Authors: Manningham Daphnée , Asselin Hugo , Bourguignon Benoit
Published: April 2024

Restaurants were significantly shaken by the COVID-19 pandemic, which forced them to intensify their use of social media to communicate with customers. Our objective was to identify which digital marketing strategies generated higher customer engagement during the pandemic, according to variations in the intensity of sanitary restrictions. We manually extracted 639 Facebook posts by 16 restaurants in two Canadian cities (one in a metropolitan area, one in a peripheral region), and coded them according to type of verbal move, format (image, text), and emoji use. The engagement rate was two times higher for restaurants in the metropolitan area, which also used three times more emojis per post on average. The engagement rate was also five times higher for nationally branded restaurants than for independent restaurants. When the pandemic hit, restaurants started to use more text and more directive verbal moves to convey crucial and precise information to customers, notably about sanitary restrictions. Emojis and expressive verbal moves also helped increase customer engagement. While being direct was more efficient in times of crisis, directive verbal moves continued to be used after most sanitary restrictions were lifted. Being direct, thus, appears to be a good digital marketing strategy in the “new normal”.
Standard Quality Characteristics and Efficacy of a New Third-Generation Antivenom Developed in Colombia Covering Micrurus spp. Venoms
Authors: Tabares Vélez Santiago , Preciado Lina María , Vargas Muñoz Leidy Johana , Madrid Bracamonte Carlos Alberto , Zuluaga Angelica , Gómez Robles Jeisson , Renjifo-Ibañez Camila , Estrada-Gómez Sebastián
Published: April 2024

In Colombia, Micrurus snakebites are classified as severe according to the national clinical care guidelines and must be treated with specific antivenoms. Unfortunately, these types of antivenoms are scarce in certain areas of the country and are currently reported as an unavailable vital medicine. To address this issue, La Universidad de Antioquia, through its spin-off Tech Life Saving, is leading a project to develop third-generation polyvalent freeze-dried antivenom. The goal is to ensure access to this therapy, especially in rural and dispersed areas. This project aims to evaluate the physicochemical and preclinical parameters (standard quality characteristics) of a lab-scale anti-elapid antivenom batch. The antivenom is challenged against the venoms of several Micrurus species, including M. mipartitus, M. dumerilii, M. ancoralis, M. dissoleucus, M. lemniscatus, M. medemi, M. spixii, M. surinamensis, and M. isozonus, following the standard quality characteristics set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The antivenom demonstrates an appearance consistent with standards, 100% solubility within 4 min and 25 s, an extractable volume of 10.39 mL, a pH of 6.04, an albumin concentration of 0.377 mg/mL (equivalent to 1.22% of total protein), and a protein concentration of 30.97 mg/mL. Importantly, it maintains full integrity of its F(ab′)2 fragments and exhibits purity over 98.5%. Furthermore, in mice toxicity evaluations, doses up to 15 mg/mouse show no toxic effects. The antivenom also demonstrates a significant recognition pattern against Micrurus venoms rich in phospholipase A2 (PLA2) content, as observed in M. dumerilii, M. dissoleucus, and M. isozonus. The effective dose 50 (ED50) indicates that a single vial (10 mL) can neutralize 2.33 mg of M. mipartitus venom and 3.99 mg of M. dumerilii venom. This new anti-elapid third-generation polyvalent and freeze-dried antivenom meets the physicochemical parameters set by the WHO and the regulators in Colombia. It demonstrates significant efficacy in neutralizing the venom of the most epidemiologically important Micrurus species in Colombia. Additionally, it recognizes seven other species of Micrurus venom with a higher affinity for venoms exhibiting PLA2 toxins. Fulfilling these parameters represents the first step toward proposing a new pharmacological alternative for treating snakebites in Colombia, particularly in dispersed rural areas, given that this antivenom is formulated as a freeze-dried product.
Sliding Mode Control of an Electric Vehicle Driven by a New Powertrain Technology Based on a Dual-Star Induction Machine
Authors: Benbouya Basma , Cheghib Hocine , Chrenko Daniela , Delgado Maria Teresa , Hamoudi Yanis , Rodriguez Jose , Abdelrahem Mohamed
Published: April 2024

This article examines a new powertrain system for electric vehicles based on the dual-star induction machine, presented as a promising option due to its significant advantages in terms of performance, energy efficiency, and reliability. This system could play a key role in the evolution of electro-mobility technology. The dual-star induction machine reduces electromagnetic torque fluctuations, limits current harmonics, improves power factor, and enables half-speed operation. Our study focuses on the control strategy and operation of the traction chain for electric vehicles propelled by the dual-star induction machine (DSIM) using Matlab software with version 2017. We integrate the battery as the main energy source, along with three-level static converters for energy conversion in the vehicle’s four operating quadrants. We have opted for sliding mode control, which has proven to be feasible and robust against external disturbances. Although we have modeled driver behavior, we consider it as an aspect of control, to which we add the driving profile to guide our evaluation of the control to be used for vehicle operation. The results of our study demonstrate the reliability and robustness of DSIM for electric vehicle motorization and speed control. Promoting this technology is essential to improve the overall performance and efficiency of electric vehicles, especially in traction and braking modes for energy recovery. This underscores the importance of DSIM in the sustainable development of the electric transportation system.
1724 m. rugpjūčio 9 d. įsakas dėl tvorų ir jo vertėjas Christophoras Heinrichas Wegneris
Authors: Šinkūnas Mindaugas
Published: April 2024

During the preparation of the publications of the edicts of the Prussian authorities for the website of the Database of Old Lithuanian Writings of the Lithuanian Language Institute, the only currently known copy of the Prussian government’s edict forbidding the burning of fences in winter, issued by the Prussian authorities on 9 August, 1724, was discovered in the Library of the University of Leipzig (UBL : 01E-2015-25). Two copies of the German edict from which it was translated were found in the Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences (LMAVB : E-343). Up until now, the 1878 transcript of the Lithuanian edict, prepared and published by Hugo Weber on the basis of a copy owned by August Leskien and lost during World War II , has been used. The supplement to the article presents transcripts and photographs of the edicts and a word index. Documents from the Secret State Archives Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation in Berlin show that Christophor Heinrich Wegner (1685–1731), a priest of the Lithuanian church in Königsberg, worked as a translator of the edicts into Lithuanian between 1721 and 1731. A comparison of the language and orthography of the published edict with other edicts of the early eighteenth century revealed features common to all texts of Lithuania Minor and specific only to the period of Wegner’s translation work. The linguistic elements of this edict that are typical of the edicts printed during Wegner’s translation period are the adverb ik čiolei ‘until now’. The preposition with [č]  occurs only in the edicts attributed to Wegner. The conjunction ydant ‘so that’ written with  is found in other texts, albeit rarely, and the genitive forms menesės ‘of the month’, rugpjutės ‘of August’ are also the most abundant in Wegner’s translation period. According to the currently available data, the chronological distribution of the Germanised Slavism štonas ‘state, condition’ is limited to the years 1721–1723.
XIX a. antrosios pusės Prūsijos Lietuvos protestantų knygos su giesmių melodijomis skaitmenimis
Authors: Strungytė-Liugienė Inga
Published: April 2024

In Prussian Lithuania, several religious works were published in Lithuanian in the second half of the nineteenth century, in which the melodies of hymns were marked not in the traditional way, but in numbers and other conventional graphic symbols. The introduction of numerical notation should be linked to Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi’s (1746–1827) pedagogical attitudes and changes in the educational system of the Kingdom of Prussia. These changes were driven by changing attitudes towards the education of young people from the lower social stratum. Elementary schools and teachers’ seminaries were paying more attention to the musical education of young people. The aim of this article is to identify, register, and describe the hymnbooks of Prussian Lithuanian schools and surinkimai (home-prayer service) as well as other Protestant books published in Prussian Lithuania in the second half of the nineteenth century, in which the melodies of hymns are given in numbers. The article presents the reconstruction of a number of melodies and their transcription in modern musical notation. The melodies reconstructed are those to which the compilers of the books added musical explanations.
Simono Daukanto 1846 m. spaudinio Gyvatų didžiųjų karvaidų ortografija. Palimpsestinės raidės
Authors: Subačius Giedrius
Published: April 2024

In 1846, Simonas Daukantas (1793–1864) published his translation of Cornelius Nepos’ Lives of Eminent Commanders (in Lithuanian Giwatas Didiujû Karwaidû, GDKs) at Christian Hintze’s printing press in St Petersburg. This study analyses the orthography in GDKs. There was a previous translation of the book by Daukantas in around 1834 (about 12 years earlier), and most of it survives in the shape of a copy by an anonymous hand. The book was printed from a later manuscript that did not survive. It is obvious that Daukantas had the earlier translation in front of him while preparing the publication. But even if he copied some features of his old orthography, he also often changed the orthography according to his later altered preferences. Another book by Daukantas published the same year (1846) was Pasakas Phedro (PaPhs), a translation of The Fables of Phaedrus. The manuscript of PaPhs was prepared in Daukantas’ own quite renewed orthography (compared to his older manuscript of the same fables Pasakas Padraus from the first half of 1836).
Capacitación y desempeño de los docentes en una universidad privada de Lima
Authors: Obregón Castillo Luis Renato
Published: April 2024

La capacitación docente fortalece habilidades pedagógicas, mejorando el desempeño y favoreciendo una enseñanza efectiva. En el contexto de una universidad privada en Lima, se determinó la influencia de la capacitación docente (CD) sobre el desempeño de 100 profesores, utilizando un tipo de investigación correlacional. El instrumento para medir la CD incluyó 22 ítems distribuidos en 3 dimensiones. La variable desempeño docente (DD) constó de 15 ítems en 3 dimensiones. Los resultados revelaron una relación positiva significativa entre CD y DD, respaldada por un coeficiente de determinación R2 de 0,553 a un nivel de significancia de ?=0,05. Asimismo, se identificaron diferencias significativas entre las diversas dimensiones de la CD y su desempeño. En conclusión, Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de la capacitación en el desarrollo profesional del docente, influyendo directamente en su desempeño. Además, resalta de la importancia de las estrategias efectivas de capacitación para la calidad de la enseñanza.
Grammar and Subject Content Ranking According to Language Levels in Teaching Turkish as a Second Language
Authors: Khozrevanidze Mamuka , Arslan Mustafa
Published: April 2024

The sequencing of grammar and content in the instruction of Turkish as a second language is crucial. Determining which topics and grammar rules will be taught at each level poses a challenge. The studies conducted so far on the subject have been carried out both institutionally and individually. Although some studies have been conducted in accordance with the levels specified in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, Turkish should be considered separately from European languages due to its belonging to a different language family and structure. In this study, the case study model was used within the scope of qualitative research. The data were obtained through observation and document analysis and interpreted through content analysis. In light of the findings obtained, the grammar and subject teaching sequence of Turkish as a second language has been shaped according to appropriate levels. While creating this sequence, emphasis was placed on the logical relationship between language grammar content and topics. 25 (13 DBİ, 12 Kİ), A2’de 23 (9 DBİ, 14 Kİ), B1’de 18 (10 DBİ, 8 Kİ), B2’de 24 ( 19 DBİ, 5 Kİ), C1’de 22 (16 DBİ, 6 Kİ) ve C2’de (7 DBİ,  3 Kİ) it was observed that grammar and subject content headings stand out in teaching Turkish as a foreign language.
Die Sepediversbou
Authors: Groenewald Pieter
Published: April 2024

Hierdie skrywe vat meer saam as wat vervat is in my laaste paar artikels oor die Sepediversbou en wat in die Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Afrikatale verskyn het. Gedeeltes daaruit word wel woordeliks herhaal, soos die bespreking van die werke van Matlala en Matsepe. Ek het die moeite ontsien om daardie besonderhede met groter elegansie te probeer inklee. Op kritiese punte is aansienlik uitgebrei; nuwe insigte het bygekom, en so het dit meer as ’n samevatting en herrangskikking van die bestaande gegewens geword. Die gebruik van die term vers kan moontlik verwarring skep. Wees daarop bedag. Dit is ’n selfstandige verseenheid; dit verwys nie na ’n versgeheel nie. ’n Gedig is in hierdie skrywe nie ’n vers nie, maar ’n versgeheel, en dié kan uit een of meer verse saamgestel word. Hierdie aangeleentheid word in die teoretiese aanloop breedvoerig bespreek.
Psychotherapeutic interventions in the system of psychosocial rehabilitation of patients with cognitive disorders on the background of COVID-19
Authors: Leshchyna I.V.
Published: April 2024

It is a well-known fact that for most people who have had coronavirus disease, cognitive impairment is one of the most persistent and debilitating consequences, along with anxiety and depressive disorders. The aim of the study was to develop and test a set of psychotherapeutic interventions in the system of psychosocial rehabilitation of patients with cognitive disorders in the setting of COVID-19. To achieve this goal, subject to the signing of informed consent in compliance with the principles of bioethics and deontology, we conducted a comprehensive clinical, psychopathological and psychodiagnostic examination of 75 patients (37 women and 38 men) with cognitive disorders in the setting of COVID-19, both sexes, with an average age of (39.0±3.4) years. According to the results of the study, 56.2% of men and 57.9% of women had mild cognitive disorders and 43.8% and 42.1%, respectively, moderate cognitive disorders, which were manifested by a decrease in verbal, concentration, distraction, and slower information processing speed, difficulty in remembering recent events, difficulty in long-term concentration and slowing down the pace, slight difficulty in orientation, decreased perceptual and diagnostic performance, decreased speed of counting operations, and a pronounced reaction of mental fatigue. According to the results of the study, against the background of the developed complex of psychotherapeutic interventions, 84.8% of the examined men and 86.3% of women showed positive dynamics of psychopathological symptoms, improvement of cognitive status and increased psychosocial adaptation. There was an improvement in overall cognitive performance according to the Addenbrooke's Scale for the Assessment of Cognitive Abilities (79.6% and 81.2% of the subjects, respectively). The data obtained in the course of the study indicate the effectiveness of a complex of psychotherapeutic interventions using cognitive training, cognitive behavioral psychotherapy, art therapy and psychoeducation in the system of psychosocial rehabilitation of patients with cognitive disorders in the setting of COVID-19.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 virus, cognition, cognitive abilities.
DESIGNING AND CALIBRATION OF A LOW-COST MULTI-POINT SOIL MOISTURE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE
Authors: CHERECHES Ioan Aurel , GASPAR Ferenc , DANCI Ioan Alin
Published: April 2024

Soil moisture monitoring and control are essential aspects for precision agriculture. The paper presents the designing and calibration of a low-cost soil moisture monitoring system. The system includes 28 capacitive sensors, connected to an Arduino based data acquisition system, allowing simultaneous multi-point measurements. The calibration process was conducted on six reference points within the moisture content range of 0–25%. The calibration results indicate a non-linear variation and reveal a significant deviation between the sensors leading to the determination of individual variation curves for each sensor.
DETECTION OF APPLE LEAF DISEASES TARGET BASED ON IMPROVED YOLOv7
Authors: FENG Lingqing , LIU Yujing , YANG Hua , JIA Zongwei , GUAN Jiaxiong , ZHU Huiru , HOU Yiming
Published: April 2024

Apple leaf diseases significantly threaten the yield and quality of apples. In order to detect apple leaf diseases in a timely and accurate manner, this study proposed a detection method for apple leaf diseases based on an improved YOLOv7 model. The method integrated a Similarity-based Attention Mechanism(SimAM) into the traditional YOLOv7 model. Additionally, the regression loss function is modified from Complete Intersection over Union (CIoU) to Structured Intersection over Union (SIoU). Experimental results demonstrates that the improved model exhibits an overall recognition precision of 92%, a recall rate of 99%, and a mean average precision (mAP) of 96.1%. These metrics show a respective improvement of 14.4%, 38.85%, and 18.69% compared to the preimproved YOLOv7. When compared with seven other target detection models in comparative experiments, the improved YOLOv7 model achieves higher accuracy, lower rates of missed and false detections in disease target detection. The model excels in detecting disease categories in complex environments and identifying small targets at early disease stages. It can provide technical support for effective detection of apple leaf diseases.
Laser-Induced Selective Metallization on Aluminum Nitride for Fine Line Circuits
Authors: Tsai Hong-Bing , Lai Syun-Yi , Pham Quoc-Thai , Wu Hung-Ta
Published: April 2024

The technology of laser direct selective metallization on aluminum nitride substrate was investigated for manufacturing fine line circuits. In laser direct structuring, laser activation and electroless copper plating were used. The feasibility was evaluated by analyzing the sieving, contrast, and fine linewidth patterns, and the results showed that the width of the feasible fine reached 100 μm. A near-field communication (NFC) antenna circuit of the width of 400 μm was fabricated on the aluminum nitride substrate. The measured resonance frequency was close to the NFC specification frequency.
Gestión de residuos sólidos y la inteligencia artificial en el contexto mexicano
Authors: Sánchez Yáñez Juan Manuel , Márquez Benavides Liliana
Published: April 2024

En México, la gestión de residuos sólidos varía de acuerdo con cada municipio. Las prácticas inadecuadas y tasas limitadas de reciclaje generan graves consecuencias ambientales. La inteligencia artificial (IA) tiene el potencial de aumentar la eficiencia en la gestión de residuos, por ejemplo, al utilizar sistemas de clasificación para agilizar el proceso de reciclaje. Además, los dispositivos inteligentes pueden desempeñar un papel crucial al separar diferentes materiales de manera precisa durante este proceso. Sensores basados en Internet de las cosas (IoT o Internet of things) permiten el monitoreo en tiempo real de los contenedores, optimizando la gestión de residuos. La implementación de la IA reduce costos y asigna mejor los recursos, generando ventajas económicas. Sin embargo, se enfrentan desafíos como la disponibilidad de datos y limitaciones en infraestructura y financiamiento. La integración exitosa de la IA en la gestión de residuos en México requiere abordar estos desafíos específicos.
Modelado hidrológico superficial de la cuenca tributaria de la estación hidrométrica 12378 en Aguascalientes, México mediante el modelo de precipitación-escurrimiento HBV
Authors: Hughes Lomelín Roxana Nicte-Há , Sánchez Quispe Sonia Tatiana , García Romero Liliana
Published: April 2024

El modelado hidrológico superficial es una herramienta fundamental en el estudio de la hidrología, ya que permite una mejor comprensión del comportamiento, propiedades y características de sistemas hidrológicos; a través de la simulación de estos modelos se puede analizar cómo los cambios en particularidades y parámetros de cada sistema afectan a los fenómenos hidrológicos. En este trabajo se modela la cuenca tributaria de la estación hidrométrica con ID 12378 ubicado por la Presa Calles en Aguascalientes, México mediante el modelo HBV. Se usan las series de precipitación y temperaturas proporcionadas por el Servicio Meteorológico Nacional, y los escurrimientos resultantes del modelo se comparan con las series de caudales medidos en esta estación disponible en el BANDAS del CONAGUA, para poder determinar sus índices de bondad de ajuste con respecto a la literatura y determinar la robustez del modelo, para poder asegurar que simulaciones futuras concuerdan con un elevado grado de confianza con lo que podría pasar en la realidad.
Simulación numérica de un álabe de una turbina eólica de 600 w aplicando la norma IEC 61400-2
Authors: Marín Téllez Paulina , López Garza Víctor , Soriano Peña Juan Felipe , González Avalos Gilberto , Marín Téllez Gerardo Javier , Santibañez Maldonado Adrián
Published: April 2024

En el presente trabajo, se muestra la simulación numérica realizada mediante software de elemento finito (FEA) para un álabe de una turbina eólica de baja potencia de acuerdo con la norma IEC 61400-2.El álabe se diseñó para una turbina de 600W y se fabricó de un material compuesto de fibra de vidrio con resina epoxi. Las cargas de diseño aplicadas se calcularon de acuerdo con la metodología de cargas simplificadas descritas en la norma. Se desarrolló una metodología para la simulación numérica que consta de las siguientes etapas: modelado del álabe en 3D, definición del material compuesto, definición de la estructura del sándwich, mallado, definición de las condiciones de frontera y carga, análisis de convergencia de malla y análisis de resultados.
Indicadores de flexibilidad de madera laminada, densificada y reforzada con fibra de carbono
Authors: Sotomayor Castellanos Javier Ramón , Adachi Koji , Kudo Kayo
Published: April 2024

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar los módulos de elasticidad y de ruptura así como los índices de ductilidad y de flexibilidad de la madera de Cryptomeria japonica. Se prepararon probetas de madera sólida y densificada, se laminaron con resina epoxi y se reforzaron con fibra de carbono. Se realizaron pruebas de flexión estática en las direcciones radial y tangencial respecto a la dirección transversal de la carga. El densificado, laminado y reforzado de la madera de C. japonica incrementa su módulo de elasticidad y de ruptura. En contraste, estas modificaciones disminuyen sus índices de ductilidad y de flexibilidad. En el mismo sentido, los parámetros determinados en la dirección tangencial son mayores que los determinados en la dirección radial.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Asesmen Kompetensi di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Efendi Firmansah Koesyono
Published: April 2024

Pelaksanaan asesmen di sekolah merupakan bagian dari proses pembelajaran yakni refleksi pemahaman terhadap perkembangan atau kemajuan peserta didik secara individual. Media pembelajaran berbasis asesmen kompetensi minimum dikembangkan berdasarkan perubahan yang ditetapkan Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan yaitu tergantinya Ujian Nasional (UN) menjadi Asesmen Nasional (AN) guna untuk mengetahui kesiapan peserta didik dalam menghadapi asesmen nasional. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel tersebut dengan pendekatan jenis kulitatif melakukan kajian literature berbagai penelitian sebelumnya (literature review). Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk menganalisis berbagai teori yang ada dengan melihat perbandingan pada teori sebelumnya. Hasil pengamatan pada tahap analisis peserta didik memiliki tingkat kognitif yang berbeda dalam prestasi belajar, dan keterampilan, mereka terbagi dalam tiga kategori: tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Selain itu, proses pembelajaran yang terlihat masih berpusat pada guru. Hasil uji coba terbatas yang dilakukan di peroleh hasil rata-rata total respon siswa dan guru yaitu 3,4 dan berada pada kategori praktis. Media pembelajaran berbasis asesmen kompetensi minimum yang dikembangkan tergolong sangat valid, Media dapat diterapkan di lapangan dan tingkat keterlaksanaan produk termasuk kategori “baik”. Efektifnya produk pembelajaran berupa media diperoleh prsentase ketuntasan belajar siswa sebanyak 61% dari 18 siswa dengan jumlah siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 11 orang dan tidak tuntas sebanyak 7 orang, dapat disimpulkan media pembelajaran efektif dilakukan.
The MIMO data transfer line with three-frequency quaternion carrier
Authors: Sovetov Vadim
Published: April 2024

With the development of communication systems and the Internet, as well
as with the growth of services created on the basis of communication
networks, the need to increase the capacity of communication channels is
increasing. Theoretically, it is shown that it is possible to increase
the capacity of communication channels and exceed the “Shannon limit”
by moving from the real space of signals on a plane to a
multidimensional one with dimension M. In a multidimensional space, each
signal is a multidimensional vector, and when such a signal passes
through a channel, a MIMO (Many-Input – Many-Output) scheme is formed.
As an alternative to existing methods for implementing a MIMO scheme in
a physical space with multiple antennas at the input and output of a
communication channel, a method for transmitting information using a
MIMO scheme in a hypercomplex vector space with one antenna for
transmission and one for reception is proposed for wireless
communication systems and communication cables.