bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of biologically active substances in the technology of growing tomato F1 Sherami in protected ground conditions
Authors: Filippova N. V. , Demyanova-Roy G. B.
Published: September 2022

Relevance. The interest of vegetable producers in small-fruited tomato hybrids has been increasing in recent years. This is due to the high commercial qualities of fruits that do not crack, contain 3 times more sugars than large-fruited tomatoes, and their range of use for canning and salads has also been expanded.Goal: to identify effective options for the use of biologically active substances in conditions of extended turnover of winter greenhouses on tomato plantings F1 Sherami.Methods. Research was aimed at studying the effect of biologically active substances – sodium selenate at a concentration of 10-5, natural coniferous concentrate (2 mg/l), EpinExtra (0.2 mg/l) and their double and triple combinations on the productivity of cherry tomatoes F1 Sherami. The treatment of plants was carried out 4 times during the growing season – after picking, when planting seedlings in a permanent place, when pouring the first brush and during the mass harvest.Results. As a result of research, it was found that the use of the above drugs increases the productivity of tomato plants of the Sherami hybrid. The maximum yield according to the results of 2018 and 2019 was obtained on the variant using sodium Selenate + KHN + Epin-extra and averaged 288.1 t/ha. Also, the use of BAS had an effect on the content of dry matter, sugars and macronutrients.Conclusion. The effect of preparations of biologically active substances positively affected the growth and development of plants. The variation of the yield increase compared to the control ranged from 5.2 to 17.2 t/ha. The maximum yield of the Sherami hybrid tomato was obtained on the variant using sodium Selenate + KHN + Epin-extra, the increase was 19 t/ha, which made it possible to obtain an appropriate income level of more than 272 thousand rubles/ha.
Digital Simulation Verification and Validation
Authors: Salnikov A.V. , Frantsuzov M.S. , Vinogradov K.A. , Pyatunin K.R. , Nikulin A.S.
Published: September 2022

The paper considers the steps involved in building modern digital simulations, from a conceptual mathematical model to specific simulation settings, for example, meshing parameters. The paper presents a generalised approach to verification and validation of computer simulations and describes its main stages. The approach proposed is based on the assumption that the complex physical phenomena and objects to be simulated have a hierarchical structure that allows them to be split into constituent components (according to their design purpose, such as assemblies or parts, or according to the field of study, such as gas dynamics, combustion, heat transfer, etc.). Each element uses its own mathematical (or digital) model that will have undergone verification and validation. A complex computer simulation is verified and validated from the bottom up, that is, in the following order: individual parts, then assemblies, and finally the physical phenomenon or object under consideration. We consider a case study of verification and validation as pertaining to a comprehensive calculation of axial turbine parameters for a gas turbine engine. We also address issues concerning verification and certification of software used to develop digital simulations, as well as issues concerning verification and validation of digital product twins.
Influence of technological parameters on the metal structure of produced by direct metal deposition vt6 titanium powder
Authors: Ronzhin D.A. , Grigoriyants A.G. , Kholopov A.A.
Published: September 2022

Direct laser deposition is an efficient approach to manufacturing or repairing a range of metal goods. The process involves creating a three-dimensional solid object layer by layer. The weld metal structure primarily affects mechanical properties of the deposited parts, making it important to establish the specifics of microstructure formation. We analysed the microstructure of VT6 alloy samples deposited on a substrate forged from the same VT6 titanium alloy. Different modes of deposition and subsequent heat treatment resulted in samples with differing structures. We established characteristic features of microstructure formation for all modes. We investigated the effect of heat treatment on the sample structure after laser welding in the initial state and after heat treatment. The results obtained may help reduce the cost of repairing and manufacturing titanium alloy parts for gas turbine engines.
MODERN IDEAS ABOUT THE SHAPE AND SIZE OF HUMAN DENTAL ARCHES
Authors: Shkarin V. V , Dmitrienko T. D , Kochkonyan T. S , Dmitrienko D. S , Yagupova V. T
Published: September 2022

The study is devoted to the review of modern literature on the problem of analyzing the structural features of human dental arches. The aim of the work was to analyze the classifications of the forms of dental arches and the features of their parameters, taking into account the cranio-facial morphology. The features of 9 main forms of dental arches are presented according to the size of teeth and jaws. It is shown that the result of the compilation of dental and gnathic features is their division into dental arches of protrusion, mesotrusion and retrusion types. The designated varieties of forms of dental arches with a physiological occlusive norm are the criterion for choosing the prescriptions of braces and the size of metal arches in the treatment of dentition-alveolar forms of occlusion anomalies. Of particular importance are information about the shape of dental arches in determining the tactics of prosthetic treatment of patients with a complete absence of teeth, where the main reference point is the morphological features of the cranio-facial complex. Analysis of the literature proves the need for further research on the biometric features of dental arches, taking into account cranio-facial morphology, which is an urgent problem of morphology and clinical dentistry and has an important theoretical and applied significance.
Russian Academic Journals in New Geopolitical Conditions: Difficulties and Prospects of Development
Authors: Gaydin Boris
Published: September 2022

The article presents a point of view on possible ways to further develop and support Russian academic periodicals under conditions of sanctions pressure and a significant reduction in opportunities for cooperation with Western companies, including those owning Web of Science and Scopus. The author discusses a number of negative consequences of the orientation of Russian science and scholarship mainly to these scientometric databases. It is emphasized that it is necessary to continue working in order to improve the quality level of academic publications and to develop national indexes, while not cutting ties where possible, and establishing new collaborations in this field.
L’infezione da HPV e le sue conseguenze sulla popolazione generale e sulle persone con infezione da HIV: un update alla luce ...
Authors: Squillace Nicola
Published: September 2022

Il virus del papilloma umano (HPV) è la l’infezione a trasmissione sessuale più comune al mondo.
è stato dimostrato che il tasso di incidenza dell’infezione da HPV aumenta rapidamente entro il primo anno di attività sessuale, sia nel sesso femminile che maschile. I genotipi di HPV ad alto rischio (hr-HPV) sono responsabili dello sviluppo dei tumori ano-genitali e dei tumori della regione testa-collo.
La vaccinazione per HPV, introdotta nel 2007, ha dimostrato di ridurre l’incidenza di displasia della cervice uterina, soprattutto se somministrato prima dei 25 anni ed in donne con pap-test negativo per HPV-DNA. La riduzione significativa è stata confermata anche per la displasia anale sia nei soggetti di sesso maschile che femminile. Anche la recidiva di neoplasia intraepiteliale cervicale e anale viene drasticamente ridotta se il vaccino viene effettuato dopo trattamento chirurgico delle lesioni.
Il rischio di tumori ano-genitali e della regione testa-collo è maggiore nelle persone con infezione da HIV (PLWH). Tuttavia, l’efficacia del vaccino nel ridurre la recidiva di lesioni preneoplastiche anali e cervicali, nelle PLWH, è ancora molto discusso.
La vaccinazione anti HPV deve essere implementata in tutto il momento privilegiando la somministrazione prima dell’inizio dell’attività sessuale. Sono necessari ulteriori studi nelle PLWH per confermare, anche in tale setting, l’efficacia nel ridurre le recidive di lesioni precancerose.
Farklı bölgelerden toplanan Morchella sp. cinsi mantarların askokarplarında ve toprakta besin elementi kapsamları
Authors: DAĞTEKİN Ayperi , TUNA Atilla Levent , ALLI Hakan
Published: September 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Morchellaceae familyasından, yenilebilen ve ekonomik öneme sahip bir mantar türü olan Morchella cinsi türlerinin ve doğal yayılım gösterdikleri toprakların besin element kapsamlarını belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Materyal ve Yöntem: Morchella cinsine ait 26 adet örnek toplanmış ve 9 tür tespit edilmiştir. Klasik sistematik yöntemlerle teşhis edilen türler: M. angusticeps, M. conifericola, M. dunensis ve M. esculenta olup, moleküler yöntemlerle teşhis edilen türler ise: M. dunalii, M. frustrata M. impotuna, M. tridentina ve M. fekeensis’dir. Araştırma Bulguları: Toprak örneklerinin analizlerinde (min-max): N; 0.02-1.11%, P; 2-101, K; 40-462, Ca; 1288–13558, Fe; 11-276 ve Zn; 0.6-8.59 ppm olarak belirlenmiştir. Morchella mantarlarının askokarpında ise (min-max): N; (%) 3.18-8.76, P; 0.72-1.97, K; 1.99-5.02, Ca; 0.02-1.11, Mg; 0.10-0.62, Fe; 119-2811, Cu; 11-50, Mn; 17-195 ve Zn; 87-276 ppm olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, 4 Morchella örneğinde Fe miktarları 1084-2811 ppm aralığında saptanmış ve bazı Morchella türlerinin “olası Fe-hiperakümülatör” özellikte olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Introduzione
Authors: Gabrielli Patrizia
Published: September 2022

Introduzione
Scritture popolari e Grande Guerra
Authors: Gibelli Antonio
Published: September 2022

Le classi subalterne hanno scritto il loro «diario» della prima guerra mondiale? Fino agli anni Settanta gli storici, in Italia e non solo, pensavano di no. Avevano dimenticato lezioni come quella del filologo austriaco Leo Spitzer, il primo a raccogliere e a studiare le lettere dei prigionieri di guerra italiani. Negli anni Settanta ci fu un improvviso risveglio dell’attenzione sulle lettere, i diari e le memorie dei soldati semplici e della gente comune. Il saggio descrive i protagonisti, le tappe e le caratteristiche di questa rivoluzione di prospettiva sull’evento sconvolgente che ha aperto il secolo ventesimo.
Entre la plenitud y la decadencia
Authors: Romero Vera Diego
Published: September 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer un análisis de los trabajos y aproximaciones historiográficas que ha suscitado el estudio de la ciudad hispanorromana del siglo II. Al parecer, las ciudades hispanas alcanzan su plenitud monumental, así como sus mayores cotas de vitalidad urbana entre las épocas flavia y antonina (69-192 d.C.). No obstante, la fisonomía urbana del siglo II constituye un objeto de estudio en el que apenas se ha indagado. Los investigadores se han interesado fundamentalmente por los cambios urbanos desarrollados en la primera etapa imperial y, recientemente, también por la descomposición del urbanismo clásico durante la tardoantigüedad. Al respecto, indicamos el probable origen de esta laguna de investigación y señalamos ciertas deficiencias que presentan algunas de las escasas publicaciones que han tratado a este trascendental periodo histórico. Asimismo, reseñamos el reciente interés que ha despertado el estudio de la crisis urbana acaecida en Hispania a finales del Alto Imperio. Precisamente, dicha línea de investigación sitúa el inicio de la decadencia de esas ciudades a finales del siglo II.
Térképek és jelképek : A Sziget Fesztivál mint mentális hely
Authors: Pap Viktória
Published: September 2022

A Sziget Fesztivál egy földrajzilag jól körülhatárolt területen, a nevében is hordozott dunai szigeten elhelyezkedő tér, mely alapvetően természeti tényezők által meghatározott, míg épített és társadalmi elemekben szegényebb környezet. Ez a tér válik a Sziget Fesztivál idejére társadalmi konstruktummá, jelentéssel bíró hellyé. Ennek a társadalmi értelmezésnek, reprezentációnak, jelentéstulajdonításnak a feltárására, vagyis a hely, az épített és természeti objektumok kognitív leképződéseinek azonosítására használta az alább olvasható kutatás a kötetlen felidézésű mentális térképezést. Az alkalmazott módszerrel a spontán felidézés és az emlékezetek alapján azonosíthatóvá vált a Sziget Fesztivál mentális, vagyis a fesztiválozók által reprezentált határa és legszimbolikusabb határhelye.
The Solar System: Nature and Mechanics
Authors: Ljubičić Mario
Published: September 2022

Origin, mechanics and properties of the Solar System are analysed in the framework of the Complete Relativity theory (by the same author). According to Complete Relativity, everything is relative. Any apparent absolutism (notably invariance to scale of dimensional constants, absolute elementariness, invariance to time) is an illusion stemming from limits imposed by [or on] polarized observers that will inevitably lead to misinterpretation of phenomena (another illusion) occurring on non-directly observable scales or even observable but distant scales in space or time. If everything is relative, reference frames will exist where particles are planets and where planets are living beings. Earth is, therefore, analysed here in more detail, both as a particle and, as a living evolving being (of, hypothesized, extremely introverted intelligence). The analysis confirms the postulates and hypotheses of the theory (ie. existence of discrete vertical energy levels) with a significant degree of confidence. During the analysis, some new hypotheses have emerged. These are discussed and confirmed with various degrees of confidence. To increase confidence or refute some hypotheses, experimental verification is necessary. Main conclusions that stem from my research and are further confirmed in this paper are: universes are, indeed, completely relative; Solar System is a scaled (inflated, in some interpretations) Carbon isotope with a nucleus in a condensed (bosonic) state and components in various vertically excited states; life is common everywhere, albeit extroverted complex forms are present on planetary surfaces only during planetary neurogenesis; anthropogenic climate change is only a part (trigger from one perspective) of bigger global changes; major extinction events on a surface of a planet are relative extinctions, a regular part of transformation and transfer of life in the process of planetary neurogenesis.
Early Cretaceous Keteleerioxylon Wood in Songliao Basin, Northeast China, and Its Geographic and Environmental Implications
Authors: Shi Xiao , Sun Yuewu , Meng Fanli , Yu Jianxin , Lan Zilie
Published: September 2022

The extant Keteleeria is endemic to East and Southeast Asia, while it is widely distributed in the northern hemisphere in Earth’s history. In this paper, we reported a novel wood fossil of Keteleerioxylon changchunense Shi, Sun, Meng et Yu sp. nov. collected from the middle member of Yingcheng Formation, Yingcheng Coal Mine, Changchun City, Jilin Province, Northeast China. The quantitative growth-ring analyses of K. changchunense indicate that it was evergreen and its leaf longevity was 1-3 years, which is consistent with the foliar retention of extant Keteleeria. Its high ring markedness index (RMI) indicates that the climate seasonality was pronounced during the early Albian in Songliao Basin, Northeast China. The fossil records of Keteleeria and closely related taxa indicate that this group might originate in Northeast China, spread and migrated northward during the Cretaceous, gradually decreased in the Cenozoic, and so far only survives in East and Southeast Asia.
Non-invasive Probing of Winter Dormancy via Time-frequency Analysis of Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Deciduous Plants as Exemplified by Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)
Authors: Shurygin Boris , Konyukhov Ivan , Khruschev Sergei , Solovchenko Alexei
Published: September 2022

Dormancy is a physiological state that confers winter hardiness to and orchestrates phenological phase progression in temperate perennial plants. Weather fluctuations caused by climate change increasingly disturb dormancy onset and release in many plant species including tree crops leading to aberrant growth, flowering, and fruiting. Currently, research in this field is impeded by the lack of affordable non-invasive methods for on-line monitoring of dormancy. We report on an automatic framework for low-cost, long-term, and scalable dormancy studies in deciduous plants. The proposed method is based on continuous near-field sensing of the photosynthetic activity of shoots via pulse-amplitude modulated chlorophyll fluorescence sensors connected remotely to a data processing system. The resulting high-resolution time series of JIP-test parameters indicative of the responsiveness of the photosynthetic apparatus to environmental stimuli are subjected to frequency-domain analysis. The proposed approach allows to overcome the variance coming from diurnal changes of insolation and to derive estimations on the depth of dormancy. Our approach was validated over three seasons in an experimental apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) orchard by collating the non-invasive estimations with the results of traditional methods (growing of the cuttings obtained from the tress at different phases of dormancy) and the output of commonly used chilling requirement models. We discuss the advantages of the proposed monitoring framework such as prompt detection of freeze damages along with its potential limitations.
The Hypothetical Utilisation of Entomopoxvirus to Achieve Rejuvenation through Cyclic Expression of Yamanaka Factors
Authors: Clark Peter , Wordsworth James , green daniel , Fielder Edward
Published: September 2022

Epigenetic reprogramming using cyclic expression of Yamanaka factors has been demonstrated to rejuvenate on a systemic level in animal models with no obvious deleterious effects. Here we discuss a strategy for cyclic and systemic expression of Yamanaka factors in wild-type animals amenable for adaptation as a human therapy. This is based on the use of the little- known Amsacta moorei Entomopoxvirus vector in combination with microbubble mediated focused ultrasound-driven blood vessel permeabilization to facilitate the system-wide distribution of the virus.
Effect of Blood Transfusion on Cerebral Hemodynamics and Vascular Topology Described by Computational Fluid Dynamics in Sickle Cell Disease Patients.
Authors: Sawyer Russell P. , Pun Sirjana , Karkoska Kristine A. , Clendinen Cherita A. , Debaun Michael R. , Gutmark Ephraim , Barrile Riccardo , Hyacinth Hyacinth I.
Published: September 2022

The main objective of this study is to demonstrate proof of principle that computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is a tool for studying the contribution of covert and overt vascular architecture to the risk of cerebrovascular disease in in sickle cell disease (SCD) as well as uncover one or more mechanism of response to therapy such as chronic red blood cell (cRBC) transfusion. We analyzed baseline (screening), pre-randomization and study exit magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) images from 10 (5 each from the transfusion and observation arms) pediatric sickle SCD participants in the silent cerebral infarct transfusion (SIT) trial, using CFD modeling. We reconstructed the intracranial portion of the internal carotid artery and branches and extracted the geometry using 3D Slicer. We cut specific potions of the large intracranial artery to include segments of the internal carotid, middle, anterior, and posterior cerebral artery such that the vessel segment analyzed extended from the intracranial beginning of the internal carotid artery up to immediately after (~0.25 inches) the middle cerebral artery branching point. Cut models were imported into Ansys 2021R2/2022R1 and laminar and time-dependent flow simulation was performed. Change in time averaged mean velocity, wall shear stress, and vessel tortuosity were compared between the observation and cRBC arm. We did not observe a correlation between time averaged mean velocity (TAMV) and mean transcranial doppler (TCD) velocity at study entry. There was also no difference in change in time average mean velocity, wall shear stress (WSS), and vessel tortuosity between the observation and cRBC transfusion arms. WSS and TAMV were abnormal for 2 (developed TIA) out of the 3 participants (one participant had SCI) that developed neurovascular outcomes. CFD approaches allows for the evaluation of vascular topology and hemodynamics in SCD using MRA images. In this proof of principle study, we show that CFD could be a useful tool and we intend to carry out future studies with a larger sample to enable more robust conclusions.
Forecasting Energy Consumption Time Series Using Recurrent Neural Network in Tensorflow
Authors: Yazdan Munshi Md Shafwat , Khosravia Marzieh , Saki Shah , Mehedi Md Abdullah Al
Published: September 2022

The environmental issues we are currently facing require long-term prospective efforts for sustainable growth. Renewable energy sources seem to be one of the most practical and efficient alternatives in this regard. Understanding a nation's pattern of energy use and renewable energy production is crucial for developing strategic plans. No previous study has been performed to explore the dynamics of power consumption with the change in renewable energy production on a country-wide scale. In contrast, a number of deep learning algorithms demonstrated acceptable performance while handling sequential data in the era of data-driven predictions. In this study, we developed a scheme to investigate and predict total power consumption and renewable energy production time series for eleven years of data using a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). The dynamics of the interaction between the total annual power consumption and renewable energy production are investigated through extensive Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) and a feature engineering framework. The performance of the model is found satisfactory through the comparison of the predicted data with the observed data, visualization of the distribution of the errors and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) value of 0.084. Higher performance is achieved through the increase in the number of epochs and hyperparameter tuning. The proposed framework can be used and transferred to investigate the trend of renewable energy production and power consumption and predict the future scenarios for different communities. Incorporation of the cloud-based platform into the proposed pipeline may lead to real-time forecasting.
A Historical Analysis of Abandoned Villages in Medieval Sardinia: A Computer Aided Approach for a Sources-Linked Temporal and Spatial GIS Visualization. A Case Study on Sarrabus, Colostrai and Quirra
Authors: Serreli Giovanni , Serra Luigi
Published: September 2022

A number of research projects and a rich literature have dealt with the theme of abandoned medieval villages in Sardinia since the end of the 60s of the last century. Some more or less precise catalogues and reviews of villages in limited territories have been published. Only recently, however, this subject is being addressed in an interdisciplinary manner, combining traditional historical research with the results of archaeological surveys and excavation campaigns, geo-archaeology, toponymy, paleoclimatology. This allows us to have a picture of the landscape and human settlement evolution with its historical changes, conditioned not only by institutional superstructures but also by human and natural traumatic events. Particular attention will be given to the sudden changes that occurred between the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. To carry out this survey, it is possible to use some very powerful IT tools which, through the aggregation, organization, correlation and management of information, allow the geo-localization of abandoned villages as proven by the documentary evidence. Thus, on this documentation, existing and acquired in the future, is founded the construction of the related information system. The most easy and suitable tools for this purpose are the CMSs (Content Management Systems) which, in association with GIS (Geographic Information Systems) engines, allow spatial and contextual analysis of the settlements, as they were inserted in their territory. This type of tools aggregates different peculiarities of the object of study, supporting a multidisciplinary reading on the argument. The computerized tools, integrated as a system, offer the possibility to implement it, feeding it and correcting it continuously, basing on new acquisitions. In this study, we will examine a historical areal, for which we have a sufficient number of sources available: Sarrabus, Colostrai and Quirra, adding to the geographical visual information, the temporal visual evolution.
Outcomes of Posterior Spinal Fusion in Pediatric Patients with Down Syndrome
Authors: Fraser Helyn G. , Krakow Arielle , Lin Adrian , Harris Hilary , Andras Lindsay A. , Skaggs David L. , Flynn John M. , Fletcher Nicholas D.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Trisomy 21 or Down syndrome is associated with multiple orthopaedic manifestations. Although cervical instability is the most common spinal condition associated with Down syndrome, the prevalence of scoliosis has been estimated at 4.8% to 8.7%. Very few prior studies have documented the role of spinal fusion in this population, and all have included ≤10 patients.

Methods:

An institutional review board-approved multicenter retrospective analysis of patients with Down syndrome treated with spinal fusion between January 2009 and December 2019 was performed by cross-referencing Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revisions (ICD-9 and ICD-10) codes. Patients were followed for ≥2 years, with a mean follow-up of 3.77 years. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were collected, and complications were documented using the Clavien-Dindo-Sink (CDS) classification.

Results:

A total of 23 patients were included: 96% had ≥1 medical comorbidities, including 16 (70%) with congenital heart disease, of whom 88% had previous cardiac surgery, and 10 (44%) with thyroid disorders. All 23 patients underwent posterior spinal fusion. The mean estimated blood loss was 617 ± 459 mL, the mean length of the surgical procedure was 290 ± 92.7 minutes, and the mean length of hospital stay was 6.03 ± 2.91 days. The major Cobb angle measured 61.7° ± 17.6°, which corrected to 19.4° ± 14.8° (68.6% correction; p < 0.001), with well-maintained correction at 2 years of 22.0° ± 10.3° (64.3% correction; p = 0.158). Thirteen (57%) of 23 patients had a change in curve of >5°. There were no intraoperative complications; however, 12 patients (52%) sustained postoperative complications (e.g., need for reoperation, implant failure, and pulmonary complications), including 6 patients with CDS type 3 or 4 (e.g., wound dehiscence, late superficial abscess, pleural effusion, pseudarthrosis, and readmission for hypoxia). Four patients (17%) required a revision surgical procedure. One patient (4%) required an unplanned intensive care unit admission.

Conclusions:

Although instrumented spinal fusion can effectively correct spinal deformity in these patients, complications are more frequent than in children with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, with over half of patients sustaining a complication.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Wave attenuation of coastal mangroves at a near-prototype scale
Authors: Bryant Mary , Bryant Duncan , Provost Leigh , Hurst Nia , McHugh Maya , Wargula Anna , Tomiczek Tori
Published: September 2022

A physical model study investigating the dissipation of wave energy by a 1:2.1 scale North American red mangrove forest was performed in a large-scale flume. The objectives were to measure the amount of wave attenuation afforded by mangroves, identify key hydrodynamic parameters influencing wave attenuation, and provide methodologies for application. Seventy-two hydrodynamic conditions, comprising irregular and regular waves, were tested. The analysis related the dissipation to three formulations that can provide estimates of wave attenuation for flood risk management projects considering mangroves: damping coefficient β, drag coefficient C𝐷, and Manning’s roughness coefficient 𝑛. The attenuation of the incident wave height through the 15.12 m long, 1:2.1 scale mangrove forest was exponential in form and varied from 13%–77%. Water depth and incident wave height strongly influenced the amount of wave attenuation. Accounting for differences in water depth using the sub-merged volume fraction resulted in a common fit of the damping coefficient as a function of relative wave height and wave steepness. The drag coefficient demonstrated a stronger relationship with the Keulegan–Carpenter number than the Reynolds number. The linear relationship between relative depth and Manning’s 𝑛 was stronger than that between Manning’s 𝑛 and either relative wave height or wave steepness.
THE ROLE OF FEAR OF MISSING OUT (FoMO) IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONALITY TRAITS AND CYBERLOAFING
Authors: ÖZCAN Hamid Murad , KOÇ Umut
Published: September 2022

Although there is a growing body of research about the relationship between cyberloafing and personality traits, many important questions remain unanswered. In particular, it is still unclear whether FoMO is related to cyberloafing, and what the mechanism behind the cyberloafing-personality traits link is. The present study addresses this gap by examining the mediator role of FoMO on the relationship between cyberloafing and personality traits. To this end, suvey data, collected from 443 bank employees, was used to test hypotheses. Results showed that FoMO mediates the negative relationship between conscientiousness and cyberloafing. Furthermore, it was found that FoMO is negatively associated with cyberloafing.
Effect of the Clenbuterol drug in some physiological parameters in male rabbits(Oryctolagus cuniculs)
Authors: Hadi Hind Diyah , Ali Alia Hussein
Published: September 2022

This study was designed to investigate the effect of the Clenbuterol drug in some physiological parameters of Liver, Kidney function and lipidprofie concentration. Fourty adult male rabbits were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into four groups,the first group was given distilled water (control) ,while the other third groups were given (2,4,6 µg/kg) of Clenbuterol drug for 30 days. Blood samples were collected after 14 and 30 days of the treatment for biochemical study. Drug caused non significant increase(P
The effect of nitrogen and sodium chloride stress in the productivity of some fatty acids in Chlorococcum humicola green alga
Authors: Alsalman Ibrahim M.A , Alukaily Thaier I.M
Published: September 2022

Algae have been considered a sources task of biofuels, which is a future alternative to fossil fuels, and this lead the environmental studies concerned with the lifting of curves or growth rates and time of replication of different kinds of algae, as well as algae cells in response to different environmental conditions, whether chemical or physical, to assess their impact on the composition of these cells and the extent of affected components that make up the living, especially fatty acid ,total fats, proteins and carbohydrates, Gbrha. Green Chlorococcum humicola showed a different response when treated with an average of agriculture Chu-10 and Chu-13 which used as control media,Compared with the degree of its response when exposed to environmental stress when remove of N or adding different concentrations of NaCl for both mentioned media, That represents a different quality and quantity of fatty acids produced inside. When Ch-10 treatment with NaCl fatty acids Palmetic, ?-liolenic and Oleic recorded marking increase as for Stearic, Linoleic and Arachidic recorded a decrease in there rates, there for In Ch-13 the acids Palmetic, Linoleic and ?-liolenic recorded significantly increase while, decreased value of Stearic acid only. When N remove from the two media, Ch-10 scored a remarkable increase in the rates of all acids except stearic acid which recorded larger decrease. Ch-13 has recorded an increase in acid values Palmetic, Linoleic and, ?-liolenic, there for stearic, oleic and Arachidic recorded less than all values in (control.) The results also showed a presence difference in curves, growth rates and replication time when the transactions mentioned
Estimating Parametersof Gumbel Distribution For Maximum Values By using Simulation
Authors: Saleh Hakeem Hussein Hamad
Published: September 2022

In this research estimated the parameters of Gumbel distribution Type 1 for Maximum values through the use of two estimation methods:- Moments (MoM) and Modification Moments(MM) Method. the Simulation used for comparison between each of the estimation methods to reach the best method to estimate the parameters where the simulation was to generate random data follow Gumbel distributiondepending on three models of the real values of the parameters for different sample sizes with samples of replicate (R=500).The results of the assessment were put in tables prepared for the purpose of comparison, which made depending on the mean squares error (MSE).
Automated MPD System for Drilling Optimization and Formation Characterization in an Exploratory Well
Authors: Pinzon Juan , Castillo Oscar , Larsen Arturo , Tellez Paula , Ospina Jenny , Muñoz Sebastian , Fernandez Oscar
Published: September 2022

Frontera Energy drilled an HPHT exploratory gas well in northern Colombia, South America. The uncertainty of the geopressured conditions posed challenges and risks for this well including the potential for water and gas influx events, instability (collapse) of the wellbore, ballooning and a high temperature gradient. Early in the planning process, an automated managed pressure drilling (MPD) system was recommended determined to be a primary means for mitigation of non-productive time (NPT) which historically has been in the range of 25%. A challenge target NPT of 10% was set for this project though the utilization of MPD. The automated MPD application in two sections as part of varied drilling improvements measures allowed the well to be successfully drilled with 3% NPT resulting in a cost savings of 20%.

The automated MPD system provided characterization of the formation pressure, differentiation between detection of kick(s) and determination of the balloon limits, automation of swab/surge compensation and finally, the utilization of multiple fluids in the software solution for successful application of the mud cap drilling technique. This paper presents the detailed planning process, the MPD drilling strategy and the main events in which the fully automated system was able to overcome the challenges of this high-pressure high temperature (HPHT) gas well.
Bridging the Gap: Highly Depleted Reservoir Entry in a Mature HPHT Field
Authors: Cadd Michael , Stott Susannah , Graham Robert , Nowell Ryan , Schachner Josef
Published: September 2022

This case study shows how three highly depleted reservoirs with large negative drilling windows, previously considered un-drillable, were safely entered by combining Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) and drill-in liner technologies with a novel losses response strategy.

The challenge was to bridge the gap between the high pore pressure overburden and the low fracture strength reservoir. The reservoir had been depleted by some 12,000psi since production started, creating a 3,000psi negative drilling window. Conventional strategies to prevent losses were deemed unlikely to succeed, and the focus was instead on how best to respond to the near-inevitable onset of total losses. The gap was bridged using a low static mud weight in combination with high applied surface back pressure to give an Equivalent Mud Weight (EMW) suitable for the high-pressure overburden, whilst allowing immediate reduction in bottom hole pressure in the event of total losses on entry into the weakened reservoir. Endurance testing allowed the MPD equipment to be operated outside of its normal pressure envelope. In the reference case, losses would be managed by reducing Surface Back Pressure (SBP) while continuing to drill ahead. In the low-pressure case, Pressurised Mud Cap Drilling (PMCD) would be used to bullhead the well to a lighter mud while drilling ahead, before restoring returns. A contingency plan was in place for managing elevated gas levels in the returns, which was anticipated following a large reduction of bottom hole pressure across the overburden shales. In the extreme case where high gas levels from the shales prevented bringing returns to surface, cementing would also be carried out in Pressurised Mud Cap mode. A drill-in liner was used because many of the scenarios would not permit safe tripping and Wellbore Strengthening material was included in the mud in an attempt to reduce the severity of the losses.

Total losses were seen on two of the three wells, and all three wells were successfully completed. This paper will discuss the technology and techniques used along with the planning and procedures required to enable successful well construction in this challenging environment.
Cost-Efficient MPD Optimizing Long Reach Well Construction and Enhancing Safety Barriers on Strategic Haynesville HPHT Unconventional Shale
Authors: Arnone Maurizio , Flores Rudy , Amini Nadine , Norton Rich
Published: September 2022

The strategic location of the Haynesville unconventional dry-gas shale, near some of the world largest petrochemical complexes, export facilities, and in proximity with the Gulf of Mexico makes it one of the most revenue attractive plays in the USA. However, with wellhead pressures in excess of 9,000 psi and bottom hole temperatures reaching 380°F, this deep shale is classified as a challenging dry-gas high pressure-high temperature basin.

The conservative and conventional approach of using extremely high mud density to deal with pressure uncertainties and possible dry gas entering the annulus while drilling, making connections, or tripping combined with the high temperature detrimental effect over the drilling fluid properties, have made the operators incur time consuming activities during the well construction process in this area.

After 4 years and 2 million feet of long reach horizontal production hole sections successfully drilled with MPD in this HPHT Texas-Louisiana shared unconventional gas play, our experiences after strategically developing and utilizing a state of the art precise, fast, and reliable-low maintenance electric set point choke in combination with reduced equipment footprint and crew on a setup to comply with easy mobilization for the rig to fit on the cost-efficiencies improvement plans from operators and rig contractors in the area are described on this document.
Fingerprinting Formation Breathing and Wellbore Ballooning: Getting Mixed Signals
Authors: Gunn Philip , Retuta Maria
Published: September 2022

The use of Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) techniques allows the rapid differentiation of formation breathing or wellbore ballooning from a gas kick through a series of quick shut-in, build-up and flowback tests. These tests have proven to reduce uncertainty, NPT, and total drilling time by ensuring that operations do not enter secondary well control after mistaking flowback for a kick. Such tests provide definitive results when done correctly. However, when performed incorrectly, the wellbore response can appear either ambiguous or indicative of a kick.

When done correctly, the ballooning test shows dissipation in both pressure build-up and flowback over time. However, when done incorrectly, both pressure and flowback can appear to gain drive. This is caused by induced losses being allowed to start equalizing with the wellbore with significant flowback volume prior to beginning the shut-in, build-up and flowback testing.

As a result, ballooning testing can show classic signs of a gas kick as increasing pressure and flowback is observed or ambiguous results from the rising and then falling pressure and flowback. This can necessitate some combination of entering costly secondary well control and the need to trip back in to circulate bottoms up only to observe minimal signs of reservoir fluids. This paper presents type modelling that accounts for the observed unexpected results and reiterates rigid testing parameters for the successful implementation of diagnostic testing.
A Review of Conventionally Undrillable Wells with Ultra-Narrow Pressure Windows Successfully Drilled Utilizing MPD Over the Last Five Years in USA and Canada
Authors: Nauduri Sagar , Parker Martyn , Shimi Ahmed , Guefack Gildas
Published: September 2022

Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) has been used on multiple projects by several operators in different regions of North America to drill through formations that had ultra-narrow (or conventionally undrillable) pressure windows. As illustrated by the case studies discussed here, a combination of Constant Bottomhole Pressure (CBHP) MPD, Anchor Point MPD, and Pressurized MudCap Drilling (PMCD) MPD variations helped drill through several of these formations, trip in and out safely, log and core hole-sections, and run liner or casing to the target depth and cement it in place.

Thus, MPD successfully enabled the operators to tap into these otherwise unattainable reserves. Typical challenges include formation/wellbore instability, shallow-water flows, over-pressured formations, low FIT/LOT, fracture pressure/wellbore strength regression, and moderate to severe losses. A few anomalous formations with uncertain pressure regimes resulted in severe to total losses on one well, while an adjacent well drilled at similar depths resulted in high-pressure influxes with ensuing well-control consequences.

A detailed evaluation of historical data, comprehensive hydraulic analysis, appropriate MPD design and planning, and use of technologically advanced, reliable, efficient, and well-maintained equipment were critical factors that led to the success of these MPD projects. Above all, utilizing knowledgeable, experienced, and well-trained MPD personnel helped integrate MPD with the existing rig systems and teams and consistently solve the seemingly insurmountable drilling challenges safely and reliably.
Floating Casings in 10,000ft Laterals with MPD in Haynesville
Authors: Patil Harshad , Dietrich Earl , Knight Ian , Matherne Greg , Hovland Svein
Published: September 2022

This paper highlights a case study where MPD (Managed Pressure Drilling) techniques were utilized while floating long string casings in the 10,000ft laterals in the Haynesville, saving the client more than 30-40% of rig time. The challenges encompassing the events that cause casing floating equipment conversion, either due to excessive gas, flow out from well or drag, are illustrated herein. This paper demonstrates the specific MPD techniques which facilitated floating casing to TD (Target Depth) and prevent its untimely conversion. The use of unique MPD methods illustrated herein enabled prevention of excess gas, hole collapse and situations relating to ballooning which enabled floating the casing to TD.

These MPD methods helped reduce casing running times from 34-48hrs to 24-27hrs and prevented shut-in or "stop & circulate" scenarios during running casing. These shut-ins and/or "stop & circulate" scenarios were largely caused by increased flow out readings as the gas expanded at surface along with indications of well ballooning. Ballooning scenarios were later found to be associated with high surge pressures and higher SBP required to mitigate gas at surface. A holistic approach was taken to identify methods to mitigate such events. It was obvious that MPD pressures had to be manipulated for managing surge to mitigate ballooning, but excessive trip gas which necessitated higher MPD pressures while running casing had to be primarily evaluated. It was later found that excessive gas in these 10,000ft laterals were not just a function of swabbing pressures while POOH (pulling out of hole) with BHA (Bottomhole Assembly), but also related to POOH practices and methods which affected wellbore stability.

To enable floating casing all the way to TD, first the MPD pressures and bottoms-up circulation strategy while POOH with BHA were analyzed and modified for the client. Second, the MPD balanced pill volume (which is typically spotted in the vertical) and its spotting procedure/calculations were revised to ensure minimizing gas encroachment and migration in vertical hole section. The design of this balanced pill accommodated automatic heavy pill displacement out of the well without the need for stopping and circulating pill while running casing. And third, the MPD control system was modified to automatically manipulate the MPD pressures as the casing was lowered to manage surge and prevent losses/ballooning. This paper illustrates how all of these methods enabled floating the casing in 10,000ft lateral in Haynesville.
Dynamics of optical vortices in 2D materials
Authors: Kurman Yaniv , Dahan Raphael , Sheinfux Hanan , Rosolen Gilles , Jenzen Eli , Edgar James , Koppens Frank , Kaminer Ido
Published: September 2022

Quantized vortices are topological defects found in different two-dimensional geometries, from liquid crystals to ferromagnets, famously involved in spontaneous symmetry breaking and phase transitions. Their optical counterparts appear in planar geometries as a universal wave phenomenon, possessing topologically protected orbital angular momentum (OAM). So far, the spatio-temporal dynamics of optical vortices, including vortex-pair creation and annihilation, was observed only in Bose-Einstein condensates. Here we observe optical vortices in 2D materials and measure their dynamics, including events of pair-creation and annihilation. The vortices conserve their combined OAM during pair creation/annihilation events and determine the surrounding field profile throughout their motion between these events. The vortices are made of phonon polaritons in hexagonal boron nitride, which we directly probe using free electrons in an ultrafast transmission electron microscope. Our findings promote future investigations of vortex phenomena in 2D material platforms, toward their use for chiral plasmonics, quantum simulators, and control over selection rules in light-matter interactions.