bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing personality change with Blatt's anaclitic and introjective configurations and Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure profiles: two case studies in psychodynamic treatment
Authors: Oasi Osmano , Buonarrivo Laura , Codazzi Alberto , Passalacqua Margherita , Risso Ricci Gio Matteo , Straccamore Francesca , Bezzi Roberto
Published: April 2017

A growing body of empirical and clinical research attests to the influence of personality features on the development, course and outcome of psychotherapy. Over the last four decades, Blatt adopted a psychoanalytic and cognitive developmental approach in developing a theoretically and empirically grounded two-configurations model of personality. The main aim of this study was to evaluate possible changes in anaclitic and introjective configurations â€“ as measured by the Depressive Experience Questionnaire (DEQ) (Blatt, Dâ€™Afflitti, & Quinlan, 1976) â€“ set against simultaneous changes in personality profile measured by Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure (SWAP-200). Two young patients, a man and a woman, characterized by different personality profiles â€“ introjective and anaclitic, respectively â€“ were assessed for one year in the context of a psychodynamic psychotherapy. A battery of instruments â€“ Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders I and II, Defense Mechanism Rating Scale, DEQ and SWAP-200 â€“ were administered at the beginning, during the assessment process, and after one year. Both patients displayed lower BDI-II scores, along with evident clinical progress. Defence profiles and Core Conflict Relationship Themes showed interesting developments, in keeping with the evolution of the psychotherapy process. Lastly, while DEQ profiles outlined substantial stability after one year, some important changes in SWAP-200 profiles â€“ in particular with regard to Q factors â€“ were observed. Although these findings should be considered as preliminary, these results appear to be consistent with the description of Self-criticism and Dependency as relatively stable personality dimensions. The potential influence of profile diversity â€“ introjective vs anaclitic â€“ on other key variables of the psychotherapy process is also discussed.
The contribution of Sidney Blatt's two-polarities model to the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual
Authors: Lingiardi Vittorio , McWilliams Nancy , Muzi Laura
Published: April 2017

This article reviews the theoretical and empirical contributions of Blatt's two-polarities model of personality development and psychopathology to the second edition of the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM-2). First, we briefly provide an overview of the manual's main features and describe the guiding principles of the revision process. We then discuss in more detail how Blatt's model, which is focused on the dialectic interaction between anaclitic-introjective and relatedness vs self-definition dimensions in both normal and disrupted personality development, increases the PDM-2's theoretical and empirical comprehensiveness and clinical utility, especially concerning the classification and assessment of personality and overall mental functioning in adult populations. Finally, we address the implications for the therapeutic process, showing how anaclitic and introjective patients may be differentially responsive to different psychodynamic techniques (e.g., supportive or expressive interventions). Taken together, these considerations demonstrate the importance of a more theory-driven and empirically informed diagnostic system that embraces, in accordance with Sidney Blatt's empirically supported and psychoanalytically-oriented ideas, the complexities of human experience (both normal and pathological) and captures the subjective and underlying dynamics of psychological symptoms and syndromes.
Perfectionism and therapeutic alliance: a review of the clinical research
Authors: Miller Racheli , Hilsenroth Mark J. , Hewitt Paul L.
Published: April 2017

In this review, we synthesize findings regarding the relationship between perfectionism and therapeutic alliance, most of which come from analyses by Blatt and colleagues. Results suggest what follows. First, patientsâ€™ initial level of perfectionism negatively affects patientsâ€™ bond with therapists and perception of therapistsâ€™ Rogerian attributes (empathy, congruence, and regard) early in treatment and engagement in therapy later in treatment. Second, therapistsâ€™ contribution to alliance is not seemingly affected by patientsâ€™ initial perfectionism level. Third, individual patients of therapists who are perceived on average by their patients to be higher on Rogerian attributes experience greater decreases in perfectionism and symptoms. Fourth, more positive perceptions of therapistsâ€™ Rogerian attributes early in treatment lead to greater symptom decrease for patients with moderate perfectionism. Fifth, greater early patient engagement in therapy is related to greater decrease in perfectionism, but a strong relationship with the therapist may be necessary for an accompanied greater decrease in symptoms. The relationship between pre-treatment perfectionism and alliance is partially explained by higher levels of hostility and lower levels of positive affect. Sixth, the relationship between pre-treatment perfectionism and outcome is almost entirely explained by level of patient contribution to alliance and satisfaction with social network, highlighting the importance of focusing on social functioning for patients with high perfectionism (both in and outside of the session). Limitations include that most of the findings are from analyses of one large data set and a range of measurement issues. Future research should utilize different measures, perspectives, and populations and examine specific session process.
Comparative sequence analysis of Hsp70 gene from Mytilus edulis desolationis and Aulacomya ater of the Kerguelen Islands
Authors: Caza F. , Betoulle S. , Auffret M. , Brousseau P. , Fournier M. , St-Pierre Y.
Published: April 2017

Not available
A radiation dose review for paediatric fluoroscopy in an academic South African referral hospital
Authors: Venter Mauritz
Published: April 2017

No abstract available.
Abundance & distribution of trombiculid mites & Orientia tsutsugamushi, the vectors & pathogen of scrub typhus in rodents & shrews collected from Puducherry & Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Candasamy Sadanandane , Ayyanar Elango , Paily Kummankottil , Karthikeyan Patricia Anitha , Sundararajan Agatheswaran , Purushothaman Jambulingam
Published: April 2017

Background & objectives:

Human cases of scrub typhus are reported every year from Puducherry and adjoining areas in southern India. However, information on the presence of causative agent, Orientia tsutsugamushi, and its vectors is lacking. Hence, the objective of the study was to find out the vector as well as pathogen distribution in rodents and shrews present in the scrub typhus-reported areas in southern India.

Methods:

Trombiculid mites were collected by combing rats and shrews collected using Sherman traps and identified to species level following standard taxonomical keys. The serum samples of the animals were used for Weil–Felix test and the clots containing blood cells were used for DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results:

A total of 181 animals comprising four rodent species and one shrew species were collected from 12 villages. High proportion of chiggers was collected from the shrew, Suncus murinus (79.1%) and Rattus rattus (47.6%). A total of 10,491 trombiculid mites belonging to nine species were collected. Leptotrombidium deliense, the known vector of scrub typhus pathogen, was the predominant species (71.0%) and the chigger (L. deliense) index was 41.1 per animal. Of the 50 animals screened for the pathogen, 28 showed agglutination against OX-K in Weil–Felix test indicating the presence of antibodies against O. tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus. PCR carried out with the DNA extracted from blood samples of two of the animals were positive for GroEl gene of O. tsutsugamushi.

Interpretation & conclusions:

L. deliense index was well above the critical limit of chigger load, indicating that all the villages were receptive for high risk of transmission of scrub typhus to human. Pathogen positivity was higher among animals collected from villages recorded for higher chigger indices due to active transmission between the chigger mites and reservoir host animals. The results are suggestive of routine vector/pathogen surveillance at hot spots to initiate timely preventive measures.
Immunogenicity & safety of a single dose of live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine SA 14-14-2 in adults
Authors: Khan Siraj Ahmed , Kakati Sanjeeb , Dutta Prafulla , Chowdhury Purvita , Borah Jani , Topno Rashmee , Jadhav Santoshkumar M. , Mohapatra Pradyumna K. , Mahanta Jagadish , Gupte Mohan D.
Published: April 2017

Background & objectives:

Japanese encephalitis (JE) caused by mosquito-borne Flavivirus is one of the leading causes of viral encephalitis in Asia. Control strategies include vector control and human vaccination. Due to lack of immunization programmes in endemic regions, there are still high mortality and morbidity. A live-attenuated SA 14-14-2 JE vaccine (LAJEV) has been licensed and used in Asian countries, including India. We report the assessment of immunogenicity and safety of the vaccine in adults during the first mass adult vaccination campaign carried out in Assam, India.

Methods:

One thousand and seventy five adults (aged ≥15 yr) who received LAJEV were monitored for adverse events following immunization for one year. The safety assessment of vaccinated population was evaluated till 28 days and at 6 and 12 months. Blood samples collected from the enrolled participants were tested by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50) to assess the neutralizing antibody titres (NATs) before vaccination and 28 days, six and 12 months post-vaccination (PV).

Results:

Among the 1075 vaccinated individuals, four reported minor adverse effects from 30 min to 28 days PV. Based on the pre-vaccination NAT, the study participants were categorized as seronegative, moderately seropositive and strongly seropositive. Nearly 85.5 per cent of JE seronegative participants seroconverted by 28 days PV. The geometric mean titre (GMT) in all the three groups increased by 28 days and decreased by six and 12 months PV. Nearly 60 per cent of the moderately positive individuals exhibited four-fold rise in GMT, 28 days PV. Almost 95.5 per cent of the participants in the study population remained seroprotected at the end of 12 months PV.

Interpretation & conclusions:

This study on immunogenicity and safety of LAJEV in adults showed that a single dose of the live-attenuated vaccine was safe and induced protective immunity to both JE seronegative and naturally seropositive adults. Further study is required to find out long term protective efficacy of this vaccine.
Регулярный дифференциальный оператор с возмущенным краевым условием
Authors: Sadybekov Makhmud Abdysametovich , Imanbaev Nurlan Sairamovich
Published: April 2017

Рассматривается оператор $\mathcal{L}_{0}$,
порожденный линейным обыкновенным дифференциальным выражением
$n$-го порядка на отрезке и регулярными краевыми условиями
общего вида. Через $\mathcal{L}_{1}$ обозначается оператор
с интегральным возмущением одного из краевых условий.
В предположении, что невозмущенный оператор $\mathcal{L}_{0}$
обладает системой собственных и присоединенных функций (СиПФ),
образующей безусловный базис в $L_{2}(0,1)$,
строится характеристический определитель спектральной задачи
для оператора $\mathcal{L}_{1}$. На основании полученной формулы
делаются выводы об устойчивости или неустойчивости свойств безусловной базисности
системы СиПФ задачи при интегральном возмущении краевого условия.
Возможности формулы демонстрируются на примере задачи
Самарского-Ионкина с интегральным возмущением краевого условия.
Библиография: 12 названий.
О нахождении коэффициентов в новом представлении решения задачи Римана-Гильберта с помощью функции Лауричеллы
Authors: Bezrodnykh Sergei Igorevich
Published: April 2017

Решение задачи Римана-Гильберта для аналитической
функции в канонической области для случая, когда
данные задачи кусочно-постоянны, может быть
представлено в виде интеграла Кристоффеля-Шварца.
В работе дано явное выражение для параметров этого
интеграла, которое найдено с помощью формулы типа
Якоби для обобщенной гипергеометрической функции
Лауричеллы $F_D^{(N)}$. Для результатов может быть
указан ряд применений, в том числе к некоторым
вопросам физики плазмы и механики деформируемого
твердого тела.
Библиография: 44 названия.
О спектре дифференциального оператора нечетного порядка
Authors: Akhtyamov Azamat Mukhtarovich
Published: April 2017

В работе рассматриваются операторы, порожденные дифференциальным выражением на конечном отрезке. Показано, что для любого нечетного $n$ существуют дифференциальные операторы порядка $n$, спектр которых заполняет всю комплексную плоскость.
Библиография: 6 названий.
Efficacy of Interventions to Reduce Resident Physician Burnout: A Systematic Review
Authors: Busireddy Kiran R. , Miller Jonathan A. , Ellison Kathleen , Ren Vicky , Qayyum Rehan , Panda Mukta
Published: April 2017

Background

Studies report high burnout prevalence among resident physicians, with little consensus on methods to effectively reduce it.

Objective

This systematic literature review explores the efficacy of interventions in reducing resident burnout.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched using these key words: burnout and resident, intern, or residency. We excluded review articles, editorials, letters, and non–English-language articles. We abstracted data on study characteristics, population, interventions, and outcomes. When appropriate, data were pooled using random effects meta-analysis to account for between-study heterogeneity. Study quality was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (cohort studies) and Jadad scale (randomized control trials [RCTs]).

Results

Of 1294 retrieved articles, 19 (6 RCTs, 13 cohort studies) enrolling 2030 residents and examining 12 interventions met criteria, with 9 studying the 2003 and 2011 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) duty hour restrictions. Work hour reductions were associated with score decrease (mean difference, −2.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) −4.12 to −1.34; P < .001) and lower odds ratio (OR) for residents reporting emotional exhaustion (42%; OR = 0.58; 95% CI 0.43–0.77; P < .001); a small, significant decrease in depersonalization score (−1.73; 95% CI −3.00 to −0.46; P = .008); and no effect on mean personal accomplishment score (0.93; 95% CI −0.19–2.06; P = .10) or for residents with high levels of personal accomplishment (OR = 1.01; 95% CI 0.67–1.54; P = .95). Among interventions, self-care workshops showed decreases in depersonalization scores, and a meditation intervention reduced emotional exhaustion.

Conclusions

The ACGME work hour limits were associated with improvement in emotional exhaustion and burnout.
A Professionalism Curricular Model to Promote Transformative Learning Among Residents
Authors: Foshee Cecile M. , Mehdi Ali , Bierer S. Beth , Traboulsi Elias I. , Isaacson J. Harry , Spencer Abby , Calabrese Cassandra , Burkey Brian B.
Published: April 2017

Background

Using the frameworks of transformational learning and situated learning theory, we developed a technology-enhanced professionalism curricular model to build a learning community aimed at promoting residents' self-reflection and self-awareness. The RAPR model had 4 components: (1) Recognize: elicit awareness; (2) Appreciate: question assumptions and take multiple perspectives; (3) Practice: try new/changed perspectives; and (4) Reflect: articulate implications of transformed views on future actions.

Objective

The authors explored the acceptability and practicality of the RAPR model in teaching professionalism in a residency setting, including how residents and faculty perceive the model, how well residents carry out the curricular activities, and whether these activities support transformational learning.

Methods

A convenience sample of 52 postgraduate years 1 through 3 internal medicine residents participated in the 10-hour curriculum over 4 weeks. A constructivist approach guided the thematic analysis of residents' written reflections, which were a required curricular task.

Results

A total of 94% (49 of 52) of residents participated in 2 implementation periods (January and March 2015). Findings suggested that RAPR has the potential to foster professionalism transformation in 3 domains: (1) attitudinal, with participants reporting they viewed professionalism in a more positive light and felt more empathetic toward patients; (2) behavioral, with residents indicating their ability to listen to patients increased; and (3) cognitive, with residents indicating the discussions improved their ability to reflect, and this helped them create meaning from experiences.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that RAPR offers an acceptable and practical strategy to teach professionalism to residents.
Vivienda moderna en la ciudad de Hamburgo. Elogio de una arquitectura cotidiana
Authors: Bosch Abarca Jorge
Published: April 2017

En la tercera década del S. XX la manzana con edificación perimetral y espacio interior libre construye en Hamburgo un modelo de ciudad moderna donde la calle mantiene su valor espacial y el verde se convierte en el elemento principal de la estructura urbana. De los edificios de vivienda construidos en este momento se destaca en este artículo el bloque de Paul A. R. Frank en la calle Heidhörn, primer sistema de vivienda agrupada con corredores de acceso en Alemania, y ejemplo de la contribución de esta ciudad a una modernidad arquitectónica que encuentra en la sistematización y la utilidad sus principales valores.
Sencillez
Authors: Fujimoto Kazunori
Published: April 2017

Idea arquitectónica del autor de los proyectos del apartado de obra: Kazunori Fujimoto
Casa en Innoshima
Authors: Fujimoto Kazunori , Hogaki Tomoyasu
Published: April 2017

Arquitectos / Architects: Kazunori Fujimoto Architect & Associates. Kazunori Fujimoto (principal responsable / principal-in-charge), Tomoyasu Hogaki. · Localización / Location: Onomichi, Hiroshima, Japan · Redacción de proyecto / Project Planning: 2004 · Período de construcción / Construction term: 2005 · Superficie de la parcela / Site area: 86.82 m2 · Superficie del edificio / Building area: 170.64 m2 · Ocupación en planta / Total floor area: 69.3 m2 · Ingeniero estructural / Structural engineer: Ike Structural Consultants · Dirección de obra / Construction Team: Daiwa Kensetsu Co.,Ltd. · Fotografía / Photography: Kazunori Fujimoto
Casa en Nasu
Authors: Fujimoto Kazunori , Hirabayashi Aki
Published: April 2017

Arquitectos / Architects: Kazunori Fujimoto Architect & Associates. Kazunori Fujimoto (principal responsable / principal-in-charge), Aki Hirabayashi · Localización / Location: Nasu, Tochigi, Japan · Redacción de proyecto / Project Planning: 2009 · Período de construcción / Construction term: 2010 · Superficie de la parcela / Site area: 504 m2 · Superficie del edificio / Building area: 84.44 m2 · Ocupación en planta / Total floor area: 85.44 m2 · Ingeniero estructural / Structural engineer: Mitsuda Structural Consultants · Dirección de obra / Construction Team: Hamayagumi Co.,Ltd. · Fotografía / Photography: Kazunori Fujimoto
Predicción de la reincidencia con delincuentes juveniles: adaptación del IGI-J
Authors: Garrido Genovés Vicente , López Martín Enrique , Galvis Doménech María José
Published: April 2017

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad determinar la utilidad del Inventario de Gestión e Intervención para Jóvenes (IGI-J), que se emplea tanto en la predicción de la conducta delictiva reiterada en jóvenes infractores, como en la implementación de programas de intervención apropiados para dicha población. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo con una muestra de 258 delincuentes juveniles que se hallaban cumpliendo una medida judicial. El instrumento que evaluó la predicción de la reincidencia es el Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (Hoge y Andrews, 2002), cuyo resultado de su adaptación al castellano es el IGI-J (Garrido, López y Silva, 2004). Los resultados indican que el IGI-J identifica correctamente el 66.7% de los reincidentes y el 68.8% de los no reincidentes, con un valor alpha de fiabilidad de 0,904. Respecto a la validez retrospectiva, el Área Bajo la Curva fue de .717, por lo que puede considerarse adecuada. Al comparar a sujetos que delinquieron únicamente antes de habérseles administrado el IGI-J con los no reincidentes; es decir, delincuentes primarios, hallamos que los reincidentes retrospectivos presentan un riesgo mayor en las ocho áreas del instrumento, con una probabilidad de significación muy elevadas (mayoritariamente p<0,000). Considerando sus limitaciones, el IGI-J es un buen instrumento para predecir la reincidencia de los jóvenes delincuentes. Finalmente, se discute el uso del instrumento para delimitar las metas factibles de un programa de intervención.
Selected quality traits of eggs and the productivity of newly created laying hen hybrids dedicated to an extensive rearing system
Authors: Batkowska Justyna , Brodacki Antoni
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of hybrids derived from Greenleg Partridge cocks and Rhode Island Red (GPR) hens for an extensive rearing system (RS), with special emphasis on high-quality table eggs. Newly created hybrids were compared to Hy-Line Brown (HLB) hens. The experiment was carried out with a total of 2400 hens. Both hybrid types (H's) were divided into two equal groups according to the rearing system: intensive (I) and extensive (E). The traits analysed in hens were body weight at the 8th, 16th, and 33rd weeks of age; laying production; and feed intake. At the 33rd week of a bird's age, egg quality was evaluated. The results of the study showed different reaction of the hybrids to the rearing system. This may confirm better usefulness of GPR for extensive farming and HLB hens for intensive methods of rearing. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the extensive system had a positive impact on the productivity of GPR birds.
The contribution of residential coal combustion to atmospheric PM2.5 in the North China during winter
Authors: Liu Pengfei , Zhang Chenglong , Xue Chaoyang , Mu Yujing , Liu Junfeng , Zhang Yuanyuan , Tian Di , Ye Can , Zhang Hongxing , Guan Jian
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The vast area in the North China, especially during wintertime, is currently suffering from severe haze events due to the high levels of atmospheric PM2.5. To recognize the reasons for the high levels of PM2.5, daily samples of PM2.5 were simultaneously collected at the four sampling sites of Beijing City (BJ), Baoding City (BD), Wangdu County (WD) and Dongbaituo Countryside (DBT) during the winters and springs of 2014–2015. The concentrations of the typical water-soluble ions (WSIs, such as Cl−, NO3−, SO42− and NH4+) at DBT were found to be remarkably higher than those at BJ in the two winters but almost the same as those at BJ in the two springs. The evidently greater concentrations of OC, EC and secondary inorganic ions (NO3−, SO42−, NH4+ and Cl−) at DBT than at WD, BD and BJ during the winter of 2015 indicated that the pollutants in the rural area were not due to transportation from its neighbor cities but dominated by local emissions. As the distinct source for atmospheric OC and EC in the rural area, the residential coal combustion also made contribution to secondary inorganic ions through the emissions of their precursors (NOx, SO2, NH3 and HCl) as well as heterogeneous or multiphase reactions on the surface of OC and EC. The average mass proportions of OC, EC, NO3− and SO42− at BD and WD were found to be very close to those at DBT, but evidently different from those at BJ, implying that the pollutants in the cities of WD and BD which are fully surrounded by the countryside were strongly affected by the residential coal combustion. The OC / EC ratios at the four sampling sites became the almost same value of 4.8 when the concentrations of PM2.5 were greater than 150 μg m−3, suggesting that the residential coal combustion could also make dominant contribution to atmospheric PM2.5 at BJ during the severe pollution period when the air parcels were usually from southwest–south regions where high density of farmers reside. The evident increase of the number of the species involved in significant correlations from the countryside to the cities further confirmed that residential coal combustion was preferentially dominant source for the key species in the rural area whereas the complex sources including local emissions and regional transportation were dominant for atmospheric species in the cities. The significant correlations among OC, EC, Cl−, NO3−, and NH4+ were found at the four sampling sites but only significant correlation between OC (or EC) and SO42− was found at BJ, implying that the formation rate of SO42− via heterogeneous or multiphase reactions might be relatively slower than those of NO3−, NH4+ and Cl−. Based on the chemical mass closure (CMC) method, the contributions of the primary particle emission from residential coal combustion to atmospheric PM2.5 at BJ, BD, WD and DBT were estimated to be 32 %, 49 %, 43 % and 58 %, respectively.
Stochastic generation of multi-site daily precipitation for the
assessment of extreme floods in Switzerland
Authors: Evin Guillaume , Favre Anne-Catherine , Hingray Benoit
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Many multi-site stochastic models have been proposed for the generation of daily precipitation, but they generally focus on the reproduction of low to high precipitation events. In this paper, a multi-site daily precipitation model is proposed and aims at reproducing the statistical features of extremely rare events at different temporal and spatial scales. Recent advances and various statistical methods (regionalization, disaggregation) are considered in order to obtain a robust and appropriate representation of the most extreme precipitation fields. Performances are shown at different temporal and spatial scales on a large region located in Switzerland.
Equihash: Asymmetric Proof-of-Work Based on the Generalized Birthday Problem
Authors: Biryukov Alex , Khovratovich Dmitry
Published: April 2017

Proof-of-work is a central concept in modern cryptocurrencies and denial-ofservice protection tools, but the requirement for fast verification so far has made it an easy prey for GPU-, ASIC-, and botnet-equipped users. The attempts to rely on memory-intensive computations in order to remedy the disparity between architectures have resulted in slow or broken schemes. In this paper we solve this open problem and show how to construct an asymmetric proof-of-work (PoW) based on a computationally-hard problem, which requires a great deal of memory to generate a proof (called a ”memory-hardness” feature) but is instant to verify. Our primary proposal, Equihash, is a PoW based on the generalized birthday problem and enhanced Wagner’s algorithm for it. We introduce the new technique of algorithm binding to prevent cost amortization and demonstrate that possible parallel implementations are constrained by memory bandwidth. Our scheme has tunable and steep time-space tradeoffs, which impose large computational penalties if less memory is used. Our solution is practical and ready to deploy: a reference implementation of a proof-of-work requiring 700 MB of RAM runs in 15 seconds on a 2.1 GHz CPU, increases the computations by a factor of 1000 if memory is halved, and presents a proof of just 120 bytes long.
Evolución y consistencia en la política de seguridad energética de la UE: los proyectos de interés común
Authors: Valdés Javier
Published: April 2017

Este artículo es una contribución al debate sobre el papel que juegan los Proyectos de Interés Común (PIC) dentro de la estrategia de seguridad energética europea. Para ello el artículo enmarca los proyectos dentro de la estrategia de seguridad energética en perspectiva histórica. A partir de un análisis crítico de las características de los PIC, se examina el nivel de consistencia y coherencia con los objetivos de la política energética. Con especial atención a su papel en el desarrollo del mercado común de la energía, el análisis destaca los riegos ligados a la disparidad de intereses entre los países miembros y la coherencia entre los PIC y otros objetivos de política energética. Asimismo, se señala la necesidad de completar los desarrollos de infraestructura con un verdadero proyecto de gobernanza que ahonde en la homogeneización de la regulación y la coordinación de la política energética exterior e interior.
Humor and the Nineteenth-Century Reformer
Authors: Prados-Torreira Teresa
Published: April 2017

This article examines how American humorists from the 1820s through the 1870s treated the Reformer, that most American figure whose commitment to improving society embodied the optimism characteristic of the mid-nineteenth century. The satirical treatment of Reformers, with its emphasis on their marginality, served as both a punishment for their transgression and a way to define acceptable social mores. The picture that emerges reveals the strengths of the American Reformer—lofty ideals and daring positions—but also weaknesses, namely their single-mindedness, and at times unrealistic goals. It also demonstrates the wit and talent of the humorists, while reflecting their tendency to play it safe. Humorists aligned themselves with the already familiar and characterized new ideas and political passion as threatening or just plain crazy. Nineteenth-century humor about the reform movement sheds light on the crucial political and cultural ideas that preoccupied society and with which it struggled.
The Year's Work in American Humor Studies, 2015
Authors: Michelson Bruce
Published: April 2017

“The Year's Work in American Humor Studies,” an annual feature of Studies in American Humor since 1999, reviews humor scholarship and related materials published during the specified year on a wide range of topics from many disciplinary perspectives, including humor theory. The review gives special emphasis to studies of humor in American culture, broadly conceived.
Investigate the “Issues” in Chinese Students’ English Writing and Their “Reasons”: Revisiting the Recent Evidence in Chinese Academia
Authors: Sang Yuan
Published: April 2017

This research synthesis collected, compiled, and analyzed 29 academic research articles that were published in China in recent years, addressing and exploring the issues in undergraduate English writing education in China and the possible reasons causing and/or explaining the issues. Five major findings were discovered and discussed. Suggestions were made to reinforce the understanding of Chinese students' English writing practices in China and in the United States.
Features of the Jordanian Cultural Identity in the Islamic Education Books for the Two Phases of Primary and Secondary Education in Jordan
Authors: Alsoudi Khaled A
Published: April 2017

The study aimed to investigate the subjects relating to the features of Jordanian cultural identity in Islamic educationbooks for secondary and basic stages in Jordan which are (23) books through analyzing their content. For achievingthe goals of the study, the researcher prepared an analysis list included a number of sub-elements distributed ongeneral domains. The validity was checked by specialists. The readability was (87%).The results indicated that thetotal of frequencies relating to the features of Jordanian culture identity were (589). The most frequencies appearedin the domain of culture components (166) with ratio of (28.1%), followed by the domain of national cooperation'swith (113) frequencies and ratio of (19.1%). The domain of Jordanian geography was (111) frequencies and ratio of(19%), then the domain of history and genesis with (109) frequencies and ratio of (18.5%). the domain of currentJordanian role comes after with (54) frequencies and ratio of (92%).The least domain was the Hashemite leadershipwith (36) frequencies and ratio of (6.1%). Most of frequencies were in the 10th grade book with (178) frequenciesand ratio of (30.2%). The least frequencies were in the 8th grade book with (7) ) frequencies and ratio of (1.2%). Thestudy recommends that extra research and practice should be done benefiting from the analysis list used in this studywhen planning and setting up Islamic education books. The study suggested that other studies should be conductedrelating to features of Jordanian cultural identity in curricula and books.
Analysis of Ordinary Public Fund and Its Impact on the Quality of Academic Programs in the Higher Education in the Subsystem of the Polytechnic Universities in Mexico
Authors: Monroy Pedro Salazar , Arcos-Vega José L. , Sevilla García Juan J
Published: April 2017

In 2015, there was the need of making this study to determine the efficient and effectiveness’ management for making decisions in respect to the ordinary fund allocations and their impact on the quality of the academic programs into the Polytechnic engineering universities in Mexico. This analysis is very important for providing essential evidence to improve the granting of financial resources to these institutions for the educational activities. Front to a novel educational system of higher education is essential to evaluate the quality of it to achieve its goals. The information evaluated shows important findings, in regards to the institutions for having more evaluable academic programs than non-assessable academic programs. Being the first ones, which receive a larger fund for their operation.
Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Comoros
Authors: Saïd Ahamada H. , Hennequin Sabine , Rouhan Germinal , Dubuisson Jean-Yves
Published: April 2017

The inventory of biodiversity in the Comoros archipelago is still in progress. We propose here to contribute to this effort by assessing the diversity of the Hymenophyllaceae family, which forms one of the most diverse and emblematic fern communities in rainforests of the region. Data were extracted from floras, literature, recent collects and observations, and from an exhaustive investigation of the Paris herbarium collection. We also completed an online knowledge database including a computer-aided identification (CAI) tool by using the Xper platform. Our checklist recognizes 21 taxa involving 1 endemic and 7 species newly reported for the archipelago. The taxonomy and discrimination of each taxon is discussed and a dichotomous key is provided. We also defined 80 morphological characters and their corresponding states into the Xper database and CAI that could be easily enriched for neighbouring areas and additional taxa.
Temperature Instability in an Infant Treated with Propranolol for Infantile Hemangioma
Authors: Burkey Betsy Walters , Jacobs Joshua A , Aziz Hany
Published: April 2017

Infantile hemangiomas are prevalent in the first few months of life and can be associated with risks of scarring, blindness, ulcerations, and airway obstruction depending on the location of lesions. Options for therapy include surgery, laser therapy, or medications. Propranolol is the only US Food and Drug Administration–approved medication option. Propranolol is a nonselective beta-blocker that crosses the blood-brain barrier because of its high lipophilicity, which increases the likelihood of central nervous system effects. In this case, a preterm infant developed infantile hemangiomas on the left forearm, left trunk, left buttock, and nasal tip. The patient was treated with propranolol and concurrently required placement into a heated incubator and was subsequently unable to wean from the incubator. Upon discontinuation of propranolol, temperature instability resolved. Atenolol, a cardioselective beta-blocker that does not cross the blood-brain barrier, was then initiated for the infantile hemangiomas and displayed no adverse effect on the thermoregulation of the infant.
Effect of a Pediatric Prescription Medication Discharge Program on Reducing Hospital Readmission Rates
Authors: Leathers Laura A. , Brittain Kristy L. , Crowley Kelly
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the pediatric prescription medication discharge delivery and counseling program, implemented at an 186-bed children's hospital integrated within a larger academic medical center, and its effectiveness on reducing hospital readmissions.

METHODS This study was a retrospective chart review of existing data in the electronic medical record from patients <21 years of age who were discharged from our institution between September 1, 2014, and November 30, 2014. Patients who participated in the pediatric discharge program were compared to non-participants. The primary objective was to determine if the patient was readmitted within 30 days. Secondary objectives included time until readmission, diagnosis at discharge, and hospital unit at discharge.

RESULTS In total, 1804 patients were assessed. After exclusions, 932 subjects were included in the analysis. In total, 393 (42.2%) patients participated in the pediatric medication discharge and counseling program, and 539 did not participate. Of the patients who participated in the program, 52 were readmitted within 30 days (13.2%), compared with 67 patients (12.4%) who did not participate in the discharge program, p = 0.717. Patients with the diagnoses of malignancy and kidney injury were more likely to be readmitted within this time frame, and those with the diagnoses of heart defects or cardiology disorders and malignancy were more likely to participate in the pediatric prescription medication discharge program.

CONCLUSION Participation in the pediatric discharge medication delivery and counseling program did not reduce hospital readmission rate within 30 days.
Full‐Scale Biological Treatment of Nitrate and Perchlorate for Potable Water Production
Authors: Webster Todd S. , Litchfield Matthew H.
Published: April 2017

The successful implementation of a full‐scale fluidized bed bioreactor in southern california demonstrates how water agencies with limited resources can biologically treat nitrate‐ and perchlorate‐laden groundwater to meet drinking water standards.
Valuing Research
Authors: Mercer Kenneth L.
Published: April 2017

The water industry's constant evolution is driven in large part by the desire to better safeguard public health and protect the environment while optimizing the processes and preserving the assets used to provide water services. Underpinning these advancements, applied and fundamental research contribute the creative strategies and innovative technologies that are necessary to meet these goals. Unfortunately, the value of research today is too often minimized, misunderstood, or ignored altogether at the cost of our collective progress.
Los procedimientos de evaluación en la clase de historia. Un análisis comparativo a través de las opiniones de los docentes en formación en España e Inglaterra
Authors: Gómez Carrasco Cosme J. , Miralles Martínez Pedro , Chapman Arthur
Published: April 2017

El objetivo principal de este trabajo ha sido realizar un estudio comparativo de las opiniones y percepciones de los docentes en formación de España e Inglaterra sobre los procedimientos, actividades y ejercicios más adecuados para evaluar los conocimientos y competencias históricas. Para conseguir este objetivo se ha elaborado un cuestionario cerrado con una escala de valoración tipo Likert (1-5). La muestra la componen 506 cuestionarios de estudiantes del Máster de Formación del Profesorado en la especialidad de Geografía e Historia en España (344) y del PGCE y el Teach First en Inglaterra (162). En la investigación participaron 22 universidades, 13 españolas y 9 inglesas con una amplia representación territorial. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas entre los dos países, unos perfiles docentes bastante claros en el caso español, y unos perfiles más difusos en el caso inglés.
El patrimonio como contenido en la etapa de Primaria: del currículum a la formación de maestros
Authors: Fontal Merillas Olaia , Ibáñez-Etxebarría Alex , Martínez Rodríguez Marta , Rivero García Pilar
Published: April 2017

Si analizamos la presencia del patrimonio en la normativa educativa vigente encontramos que son numerosas las referencias al patrimonio en la etapa de Primaria, por lo que cabe preguntarse si la formación de maestros en España ofrece algún tipo de materia o contenido que garantice la impartición de esos contenidos curriculares en el aula de primaria. Para averiguarlo, proponemos un artículo en el que se analiza la correspondencia entre los contenidos curriculares relacionados con el patrimonio y su presencia en la formación de maestros en España. Los análisis nos permiten concluir que, salvo en los casos excepcionales analizados en los estudios de caso, se mantiene una gran distancia entre la presencia del patrimonio en el currículo escolar de la Educación Primaria y la presencia de contenidos relacionados con éste en los grados de maestro, lo cual es sin duda un punto de reflexión altamente significativo para la revisión de la formación del profesorado en España.  
La Realidad Aumentada (RA). Recursos y propuestas para la innovación educativa
Authors: Maquilón Sánchez Javier J. , Mirete Ruiz Ana Belén , Avilés Olmos Marina
Published: April 2017

Este artículo contiene una propuesta de experiencia práctica de enseñanza-aprendizaje, basada en la realidad aumentada (RA) como recurso didáctico innovador. RA es tanto un concepto como una tecnología 3D interactiva actualmente en desarrollo. Por este motivo, en primer lugar se ha expuesto, por un lado, qué es la RA y, por otro lado, cuáles son las variantes tecnológicas actuales principales. Seguidamente, se ha hecho un análisis reflexivo de varios aspectos, que el docente ha de considerar respecto a la RA como tecnología aplicada a la educación, destacando la aportación innovadora de la RA como recurso didáctico. Finalmente se presenta el diseño y la elaboración de la actividad, tipo webquest que incluye un blog de aula.
« Le tahitien, c’est pour dire bonjour et au revoir » : paroles d’enfants sur une langue autochtone en sursis
Authors: Marie Salaün  , Jacques Vernaudon  , Mirose Paia
Published: April 2017

Tahiti est l’île principale d’un archipel du Pacifique Sud, la Polynésie française, lié, sous des statuts divers depuis 1842, à une République française éloignée de 16 000 kilomètres. S’ils n’ont donc pas été minorisés démographiquement, ni spoliés de leurs terres, dans les proportions que l’on connaît ailleurs, en Amérique et dans le Pacifique, les Tahitiens (environ 80 % d’une population de l’île estimée à 183 000 habitants aujourd’hui) ont incontestablement été victimes d’une politique d’assimilation qui a connu une accélération au début des années 1960, avec la nouvelle vocation de ce territoire à devenir le lieu des essais nucléaires français. Exposés plus massivement aux institutions importées de Paris (justice et école), plus urbanisés et dépendants de l’emploi salarié, les Tahitiens ont eu tendance alors à projeter leurs enfants dans un avenir francophone au sein duquel les langues polynésiennes étaient d’autant moins transmises qu’elles apparaissaient comme préjudiciables à l’intégration sociale. De fait, la déperdition d’une génération à l’autre est patente : si 52 % des 75-79 ans déclarent une langue polynésienne comme étant la plus parlée en famille, ce n’est le cas que de 17 % des 15-19 ans en 2012.

En réaction à l’ambition souvent hégémonique de la langue et de la culture françaises, et pour préserver ce qui peut l’être de la langue et de la culture tahitiennes, une politique visant à promouvoir cette langue et cette culture à l’école a été mise en application depuis le début des années 1980.

Basée sur des enquêtes empiriques auprès des enseignants, des parents et des enfants eux-mêmes (notamment via le programme de recherche « École plurilingue outre-mer » de l’Agence nationale de la recherche française en 2008-2012 et le programme de recherche « Les langues entre l’école et la famille : représentations et pratiques linguistiques contemporaines des enfants de CM2 à Tahiti » du Ministère de la Culture français en 2013-2014), notre contribution interroge les enjeux de la complémentarité entre école et famille élargie dans la transmission linguistique et culturelle, avec une attention toute particulière pour les représentations enfantines des langues que parlent les enfants, des langues qu’ils entendent autour d’eux, et des langues qui seront les leurs plus tard.
Significations accordées par des jeunes et des enseignants inuit à leur vécu familial, scolaire et communautaire au Nunavik
Authors: Tatiana Garakani
Published: April 2017

Les familles autochtones ont vécu des transformations et des ruptures profondes à la suite des effets néfastes du colonialisme, des relocalisations forcées et des écoles résidentielles. Malgré de nombreuses initiatives et d’importants progrès, les séquelles perdurent dans les communautés.

En nous appuyant sur une recherche participative effectuée au Nunavik, nous examinons comment la famille, la communauté, la langue inuktitut et la culture inuit ainsi que la question de l’identité et la vision de l’avenir sont évoquées dans les propos des élèves et de leurs enseignants inuit. L’étendue de cette recherche, menée sur trois ans, nous a permis d’assurer une présence continue dans l’école et dans la communauté, instaurant ainsi une relation de confiance, en plus de donner le temps nécessaire aux jeunes et aux enseignants de participer et de contribuer à leur rythme et selon leurs préférences.

Les élèves interrogés expriment leur sentiment de vivre à la croisée de deux mondes (inuit et non inuit). Ils tentent de trouver un équilibre tout en revendiquant leur langue et leur culture, et partagent les mêmes craintes que les adultes sur l’avenir de leur communauté. De plus, leur incapacité à bien maîtriser l’inuktitut les empêche de développer des liens significatifs avec les aînés. Les enseignants comme les élèves souhaitent retrouver l’implication plus soutenue des familles et de la communauté.
L’adoption coutumière chez les Inuit du Nunavik : ses spécificités et conséquences sur le développement de l’enfant
Authors: Béatrice Decaluwe  , Marie-Andrée Poirier  , Gina Muckle
Published: April 2017

Diverses pratiques d’échange ou de transfert d’enfants existent au sein de différents groupes indigènes ou autochtones. Notamment chez les Inuit du Nunavik, un tiers des enfants sont adoptés selon la coutume (Rochette et al., 2007). Basée sur le don d’un enfant à un autre membre de la communauté, cette pratique d’adoption informelle découle de la façon dont les Inuit conçoivent la famille et définissent la notion de filiation. Cet article vise à faire un portrait de l’adoption coutumière chez les Inuit. La première partie énonce les éléments culturels qui influencent la façon dont s’articule cette pratique et les principales caractéristiques (motif menant à l’adoption, préservation du lien de filiation, consentement, etc.) qui la distinguent des autres formes d’adoption (adoption simple, plénière, ouverte) existantes en Occident. La deuxième partie s’intéresse à l’environnement familial et au développement des enfants adoptés en le comparant à celui des enfants non adoptés.