bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electronic Voting Technologies in Elections: Russian and Foreign Experience
Authors: Gadzhieva Albina O.
Published: September 2023

The study explores the Russian and international experience of using such forms of electronic voting in elections as with the help of a special device (complex) for electronic voting at a polling station (in a voting room, or another specially defined place), and remote electronic voting through a personal computer or a mobile device. The article analyzes the circumstances and conditions that contribute to the development and consolidation of electronic voting in the country's legislation, or, conversely, the conditions that lead to suspension or even rejecting electronic technologies from the electoral process at the state level. Up-to-date information on the use of electronic technologies in the elections has been examined. The stages, problems, and difficulties of introducing electronic voting technologies in elections, as well as directions for further improvement of electronic voting in countries that have chosen the path of long-term development of digitalization of the electoral process are highlighted. In the early 2000s, many countries of the world gained experience in the practical use of electronic technologies in elections. However, the scientific and technological achievements so far did not provide the necessary degree of voters' confidence in the security of the electronic voting system or any reliable result. The prejudice towards electronic voting technologies, as well as high-cost modern electronic systems for implementation, persist in many countries to this day. This is an objective obstacle to the widespread use of electronic technologies in the electoral process. At the same time, the experience of remote electronic voting in Russia and Estonia, the fragmentary inclusion of electronic voting in electoral procedures in a number of other countries, and the widespread use of electronic voting complexes show that electronic technologies in elections are already a reality.
Modeling approaches to AI integration into public relations in Russia as per comparative research of foreign countries’ experience
Authors: Atabekov Atabek R.
Published: September 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are one of the most significant solutions that can fundamentally change both public relations and the sphere of public legal relations. The goal of the present research is to conduct a comparative analysis of existing approaches to the AI integration into the sphere of public legal relations of foreign countries and Russia, with the subsequent determination of the most effective constructive approaches to the formation of a regulatory policy regarding AI in Russia. This goal is achieved through the study of the following issues: Strategic goal-setting in relation to AI in Russia and other countries; Tactical implementation of AI integration into public legal relations and possible solutions in order to ensure AI decision-making transparency; Model compensatory measures that ensure AI safe integration into public relations in Russia. The object of the study comprises regulatory sources, strategies, and other documents regulating the AI integration into the sphere of public legal relations in Russia and foreign countries, judicial practice examples, and academic publications on the issues under study. The research methodology incorporates a complex of modern philosophical, general scientific, special scientific methods of cognition, including dialectical, systemic, structural-functional, hermeneutic, comparative legal, formal legal (dogmatic), legal modeling methods, and some others. The present research lays special emphasis on the implementation of a comparative legal study of the approaches to and regulation of AI in the public sphere regarding various states experience. The general scientific dialectical method has made it possible to consider the AI position in the legal field from the point of view of the AI regulation variability and trends in the subsequent development thereof, and to substantiate the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches to solve the respective issues, as well. Additional emphasis is also laid on addressing the issues of the applied nature of the AI use in the field of public relations in Russia, taking into account the legal modeling and development of compensatory measures within the authorities’ regulatory approaches.
The emotional sphere of an employee as an object of legal protection
Authors: Kursova Oksana A.
Published: September 2023

The issue of protecting the emotional sphere of an employee in the structure of personal non-property rights in the science of labor law has not yet been subjected to a separate scientific analysis, but now it is being updated more than ever. This is primarily due to the fact that in the modern information society, in the conditions of service economy, when the usual way of labor relations, inherent in the era of industrial labor, is changing, the problem of determining the boundaries of the employer's power over the employee again comes to the fore. Only now these boundaries need to be set, taking into account not only physical, but also psycho-emotional professional risks. The article attempts to substantiate the category of "emotional" rights of an employee as the main object of protection in the structure of the employee's personal non-property rights. The analysis of scientific literature, normative regulation and law enforcement practice on the issues under study shows that the universal recognition of the importance of personal non-property rights does not ensure the effectiveness of their legal protection, which in turn is associated with the uncertainty of the object of protection of personal non-property labor rights. On this basis, it is proposed to specify and clarify the object of legal protection in the construction of personal non-property labor rights, which, from the point of view of the author, includes the psycho-emotional sphere of the employee. This approach allows to define the mechanism of legal protection of personal non-property labor rights in a more constructive way.
The control over compliance with contractual preemptive rights
Authors: Ulyanov Aleksej V.
Published: September 2023

The article focuses on the conditions and grounds for conducting the formal preliminary legal due diligence of a contract as to respect of the preemptive right, which had been granted by one of the parties to a stranger under an agreement. This legal due diligence may be hypothetically examined during state registration of rights or notarization of transactions. According to theory of law, reasons to do thus are scientific concepts of the general duty not to interfere with others' plans. Such plans may include an agreement under the terms of which one of the parties gets a preemptive right in relation to certain property. This contractual right ensures the entitled party that he/she may preclude the legal implications of agreements between the other party and the strangers (interveners). If these persons knew or should have known of the preemptive right and entered into an agreement, which is inconsistent with that right, such agreement shall be considered as invalid and therefore cannot be notarized and cannot be subject to state registration
Qualification of private divorce in private international law of Germany
Authors: Tarikanov Dmitry V.
Published: September 2023

The private divorce is such a dissolution of marriage that does not require the participation of the state. The examples are the Islamic talaq in its original concept still existing in some Arabic countries, the customary divorces in some countries of Sub-Saharan Africa as well as, according to the prevailing opinion in Germany, the divorce by mutual consent in the Far-East countries (Japan, Thailand, South Korea). The problem of classifying a divorce in the situation when European legal order raises the question of its recognition is generated by the fact that there is a conflict method for assessing the validity of transactions made abroad in classical private international law, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the divorce in the European legal orders is the public instrument which is performed by the state or at least by its active participation so that for the purpose of recognition it is submitted to the special procedure of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. Private international law of Germany is a unique case of dual classification of the foreign private divorce both as a public instrument (on the ground of fiction) and as a legal transaction according to the purpose of classification. To apply the procedure of recognizing foreign private divorce in Germany, such a divorce is equated to the foreign public instrument. To determine the scope of verification, such a divorce is regarded as a legal transaction and submitted to the conflict of laws-approach, not to the approach of procedural recognition.
COVID-19 pandemic: legal, criminological, health and social aspects
Authors: Klebanov Lev R. , Polubinskaya Svetlana V.
Published: September 2023

This study considers the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic - announced by the WHO in March 2020 - on law enforcement, crime, and mental health of population, including vulnerable groups (children and adolescents, prisoners, health care workers). The authors use an interdisciplinary research approach, including comparative legal, historical, and formal-legal methods. Anti-epidemic measures aimed at curbing the global spread of the virus and interrupting its transmission routes are described on examples from several countries. The legal basis for such measures consists mainly of legal acts of executive authorities and decisions of local authorities, taken in accordance with national laws in the field of prevention and control of infectious diseases and response to emergencies. The authors discuss in detail the legal instruments used in countering the pandemic in the Russian Federation, including changes and amendments to the legislation on administrative offences and criminal law. The global crisis caused by the pandemic offers examples of effective actions taken by states, but also shows weaknesses in the organization of health care, including functioning of health care workers “on the front line” of fight against the pandemic. The international system for responding to dangerous infections has also underperformed, prompting discussions on the need for an international legal instrument to combat pandemics. Empirical studies have found that the pandemic, combined with restrictive measures, led to increased levels of stress, anxiety and depression, alcohol and other psychoactive substances use among the population, gave rise to new types of illigal behavior and negative dynamics in a number of already known criminal offenses. Therefore, criminologists need to pay attention to changes in the structure and dynamics of crime, conditions that contribute to them, as well as new factors of victimhood.
Information and digital technologies in jury trial of criminal cases in Russia
Authors: Petrikina Anna A. , Borodinova Tatyana G. , Gubko Irina V.
Published: September 2023

It is difficult to overestimate the role of the institution of jurors in criminal procedural law, since due to its existence the possibility of people's participation in the justice process is realized. The process of forming the jury bench and their direct participation in criminal cases in practice is possible with the use of various information technologies. In the rapidly changing socio-political situation in society, the participation of representatives of the people in administaring justice is impossible without modern information and digital technologies. The expansion of the scope of jury activities and extension of their competence to the categories of criminal cases under the jurisdiction of not only regional, but also district level, predetermined the study and analysis of problems arising in the formation of the jury panel and organization of their activities in the trial in the traditional and remote format as the purpose of the study. The following tasks are defined: to identify, with the help of information and digital technologies, the reasons for the low activity of the population in realization of the right to participate in justice administration; to determine the strategy for screening candidates and their subsequent preparation for participation in court session; to solve organizational problems of implementing new forms of this institution of criminal justice in the Russian Federation. An attempt has been made to update the scientific position regarding the process of formation and further activities of the jury panel in criminal proceedings based on the available digital and information capabilities. Implementation of the results of the work is possible both for practitioners of the judicial system and for researchers in the field of criminal procedure envolved with formation, development and improvement of the institution of jurors. It can be concluded that transformation of forms of criminal proceedings taking place in the modern world, emergence of new technologies, penetration of digitalization into all spheres of human life have significantly affected the genesis of popular representation in justice administration in criminal cases and become an integral part of it, requiring legal certainty.
Review of the 11th International scientific and practical conference. World-Class Scientific Publication - 2023: achievements, realities, prospects
Authors: Gronic Irina A.
Published: September 2023

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THE CONCEPT OF FRANCHISING IN THE INDONESIAN’S CIVIL LAW AND ISLAM
Authors: Iwandi Iwandi , Efendi Rustam , Fahmi Chairul
Published: September 2023

The franchise concept is an agreement between the franchisor and the franchisee.  This means that the franchisor, as the patent owner of the trademark, has the right to receive a certain amount of royalties or fees to be paid by the franchisee based on legal provisions. Franchise agreements are regulated in Indonesian civil law with regard to special rights to trademarks. While in Islamic law, the franchise agreement is actually a development of a form of cooperation (syirkah). This research uses the library research method, where data sources come from laws and other secondary data. The results of this study indicate that a franchise agreement under civil law, which refers to Article 4 of Government Regulation No. 42 of 2007 on Franchising, states that every franchise agreement of any kind must be made in writing by the parties. The existence of a franchise agreement is an innominaat contract. Innominaat contracts are contracts that arise, grow and develop in practice. From the perspective of Shari'ah economic law, franchise agreements belong to the group of shirkah (partnership) and the law is permissible. In addition, the franchise agreement involves the cooperating parties, namely the franchisor and the franchisee. Meanwhile, the franchisor's capital consists of intellectual rights in the form of company names, logos, systems and methods, which are owned and developed by the franchisor.
Mapping the landscape of research on workplace sexual discrimination: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Sangadji Suwandi S. , Hakim Hakim , Rachman Saiful
Published: September 2023

Sexual discrimination in the context of the work environment is an adverse phenomenon where individuals are treated unfairly or unequally based on their gender or sexual orientation. This study aims to trace the evolution of the literature surrounding sexual discrimination in the workplace over time. Bibliometric methods were used in this study to review 298 research samples conducted between 1986 and 2023. The data was obtained from the Scopus database. The reason for using Scopus as the main reference data in this study is because the Scopus database is a citation and abstract index database that covers a wide range of scientific literature and focuses on various fields of science published worldwide in high-quality journals with comprehensive and representative data to accurately identify research trends and academic impact. Besides, the features provided by Scopus greatly facilitate in-depth bibliometric analysis. The focus of this study lies on scientific performance evaluation and literature mapping using Vosviewer and BibExcel tools. The research findings confirmed a significant increase in the number of publications and citations on this topic over the past five years. In addition, cross-disciplinary collaboration seems to have made an important contribution, involving the fields of health, law, psychology, as well as other social sciences. However, this study indicates the limitations of interdisciplinary cooperation in generating a more holistic and comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon.
Parents' role in providing mental health for children of bullying victims
Authors: Saadah Muftahatus , Romadhon Kharisma , Irfan Irfan , Atin Sri
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to collaborate the role of parents in supporting the mental health of children who experience bullying. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach, based on data collection techniques, obtained from the results of interviews, observations, and literature studies as theories and supporting data. Data were analyzed systematically by steps such as searching, organizing, reducing, presenting, drawing conclusions, and verifying data obtained through observation, interviews, and data collection in the field. According to research findings, the forms of bullying mostly occurred were verbal (hurtful words) and physical treatments, both of which can degrade a child. The impact of bullying on victims included a decrease in children's self-confidence and children feeling less valuable to themselves. They also experienced feelings of resentment, closure, sadness, pressure from the surrounding environment, depression, anger, and discomfort, which causes them to doubt the presence of those around them. The role of parents is very important in fortifying the mental health of these children. Parents need to constantly approach their children, provide support, advice and help them develop strong mental resilience. In addition, parents must help children in giving a healthy perspective and children can accept well, one of the efforts of parents is to teach an attitude of never giving up, especially in pursuing higher education.
Teacher's intervention in providing understanding of association limits to girls (Cases in children who have stepfathers)
Authors: Kamil Nurhusni , Zahrah Faiqatuz , Dewi Utami Kumala
Published: September 2023

Self-protection of children needs to be introduced from an early age in order to prevent unwanted things from happening. Thus it needs adult intervention in this case. The adults in question are teachers when they are at school and parents when they are at home. One form of protection and understanding of concepts that teachers need to introduce is boundaries in association. Association is not only limited to friendships that occur between boys and girls but also interactions that exist between children who have stepfathers. The stepfather as a foreign individual around the child because he does not have direct blood ties therefore they should not interact too intensely with the child. But that doesn't stop the stepfather from being close to his stepdaughter either. This study discusses the teacher's intervention in providing an understanding of the limits of association in girls with their stepfather. The type of research used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection techniques used in-depth interview techniques and unstructured questions which were carried out together with teachers at the school. The sample in this study was 1, 5-year-old girl with the initials FA. The results of the research show that there are several efforts by teachers to provide an understanding to children about the boundaries of interacting with stepfathers, namely introducing the concept of stepfathers first to children, then the teacher invites children to have direct interactions in class such ass telling stories which are then interspersed with several questions.
Unveiling the enigmatic world of female celebgrams in Bireuen, Aceh: Motivations, impacts, and challenges
Authors: Thalal Muhammad , Salsabila Raudhatul Ula , Hidayatullah Putra , Kesuma Aulia
Published: September 2023

This article explores the lifestyle phenomenon of female celebgrams in Bireuen, Aceh, Indonesia. Celebgrams have risen to prominence on Instagram, captivating large audiences and influencing trends across various sectors. The study investigates the motivations driving individuals to become celebgrams, the effects of their increasing influence, and the challenges encountered in their digital journeys. Using qualitative research, interviews were conducted with notable female celebgrams from Bireuen, offering valuable insights into their experiences and career paths. The findings reveal that economic factors significantly motivate individuals to embark on this path. Initially, they seek popularity and recognition on the platform, employing creative content, strategic interactions, and hashtags to amass a substantial following. Subsequently, they capitalize on their success, leading to enhanced earning potential. The research highlights both positive and negative consequences of being a female celebgram. On one hand, these women enjoy heightened popularity, vast follower counts, and increased income. On the other hand, they grapple with challenges like loss of privacy, exposure to public scrutiny, and the perpetual need for creativity to maintain their digital identity. The article concludes with recommendations for female celebgrams to preserve a positive image on social media and urges users to develop a critical mindset when consuming content. Furthermore, it encourages future researchers to delve deeper into this phenomenon, enriching our understanding of female celebgrams' influence on Acehnese society and culture.
Sibaliparri at Majene Regency West Sulawesi Province (The study of fiqh & the marriage culture of Mandar community)
Authors: Sadik M. , Muhammad Nuzha , Ridwan Muh. , Sakinah Sakinah
Published: September 2023

This research examines sibaliparri in terms of fiqh and the culture of Mandar people. It applies qualitative descriptive research which is obtained based on the result of interview of some leaders and Mandar people from various professions and relevant sources. The result of this research states that sibaliparri is one concept of Mandar cultural values which is firmly intimate on society. This image means the concept of togetherness, mutual cooperation also equality in all fields including household life at a time. The implementation of sibaliparri values in household life of Mandar people can be in the picture of understanding, loving each other, mutual cooperation, and sincerity for example when a wife gives a birth then a husband takes over the household matters. Sibaliparri values related to family welfare are reflected in various fields, namely education, home economics, decision making, religious life, and health. Al-Qur’an is a principle and guide about justice which covers various recommendations to enforce economic justice, cultural politic and gender. In general, Al-Qur’an desires women not to be complementary creature and be the second position compared to men. Al-Qur’an provides guide clearly that all humans are equal and not different in terms of gender instead of the level of loyalty and piety.  Other hadiths give women more respect than men and argue that women are domestic creatures but their position is fair and proportional, meaning that in certain circumstances men and women have different roles according to their needs and suitability.
Community's role in preventing child marriage: An analysis of models and community compliance with village policies
Authors: Mahmuddin Mahmuddin , Mansari Mansari , Melayu Hasnul Arifin
Published: September 2023

The presence of regulations that regulate the increase in the age of children fails to prevent child marriage. However, the existence of a community with an adequate child protection system has been able to prevent child marriage. This study aims to analyse the model developed by the community and the background to the emergence of community initiatives in efforts to prevent child marriage. The research method used in this study is a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. Data was obtained by interviewing Reje Kampung, community facilitators, and NGO program officers. The research was conducted in Bener Meriah Regency. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively by selecting relevant data and then describing it systematically. The results showed that the model for preventing child marriage was carried out by forming a Cadre of Friends of Women and Children (SAPA), which is responsible for disseminating child protection issues. Second, establish a children's forum at the gampong level as a pioneer and reporter for child protection that continues to report on any incidents that affect children. Third, formulate regulations and policies in the village as guidelines for the community. The emergence of a child marriage prevention community was due to support from PKPM Aceh on the basis of support from UNICEF, which strengthened the issue of child protection from the roots (community) from 2022–2023. The community is strengthened by the issue of child protection and trains SAPA Cadres as the spearhead of fulfilling the rights of women and children in the village.
Effect of Candesartan Usage on Uric Acid Levels
Authors: Rumi Amelia , Budiyanto Titi Dwi Cahyani
Published: September 2023

Cardiovascular disease is caused by disorders of the heart and blood vessels. One of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease is hyperuricemia, which indicates a high uric acid level in the blood, namely ≥7.0 mg / dL in men and ≥6.0 mg/ dL in women. Candersatan is one of the main line therapies that are widely used in cardiovascular patients which in previous studies were known to affect uric acid levels. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of candersatan on uric acid levels in cardiovascular patients for 3 months. This study uses a cross-sectional study with a prospective approach that is by examining uric acid levels before and after three months using candersatan and analyzed using SPSS statistical test Paired test. Of the total samples that met in the inclusion and exclusion criteria were 19 patients, the results showed an increase in uric acid levels with a significance value of 0,012 (p = ≤0.05). So it can be concluded that the average uric acid level of patients before using candersatan was 5.44 mg / dL, and the average uric acid level after using candersatan for three months was 6.30 mg / dL which means that the used of 8 mg candersatan for three months had a significant effect on the increase in uric acid levels in cardiovascular patients.
Effectiveness of Honey Bees Propolis Extract in The Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Nisa Khairun , Kustiawan Paula M
Published: September 2023

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a health problem that affects more than 400 million people worldwide. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by damage of pancreatic cells followed by hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Propolis is one of the natural ingredients of bee products. Propolis is known to have bioactive compounds that are rich in flavonoids, phenolic and antioxidant properties so that it has potential as an antidiabetic. Objectives: This writing aims to determine the activity of propolis in test animals of Type 1 DM model. Material and Methods: This research method uses a literature study using type 1 diabetic as inclusion criteria in journal screening. Keywords used include propolis, diabetes and hyperglycemia. Literature is obtained through an electronic data base, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct. Results: Based on the articles that have been collected, that Type 1 DM causes inflammation which is characterized by decreased immune function due to increased levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α. Propolis can reduce levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, prevent the inflammatory process in diabetes and have hypoglycemic activity.  Conclusions: The conclusion of the reviewed article that propolis from honey bee has effectiveness to improve the function of body cells and reduce diabetes complication.
Therapy Profile and Drug Use Analysis of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Hospitalized at Dr. H. M. Ansari Saleh Hospital
Authors: Sari Okta Muthia , Putra Aditya Maulana Perdana , Azizah Putri Nur , Sofia Sofia
Published: September 2023

Background: Therapy in chronic kidney disease aims to slow down the prognosis of the disease. Objectives: Describe the types of classes and names of most drugs in treating chronic kidney disease patients based on the stage of the disease. As well as analysing the use of renal risk drugs in patients with chronic kidney disease. Material and Methods: This descriptive research will be carried out in May-June 2023. The population of this study was the entire medical record of inpatient chronic kidney disease patients at Ansari Saleh Hospital. Data analysis was performed uni variat for the study of patient characteristics and therapy profiles, while the analysis of the use of renal risk medications refers to the 2019 renal handbook. Results: A total of 51 medical records were analysed. The top five drug classes based on stages 4 and 5 include diuretics, cephalosporin antibiotics, vitamins, trace elements, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and insulin. The top five drugs received by patients based on disease stages 4 and 5 consist of furosemide, ceftriaxone, aminefron®, candesartan, and insulin aspart. Renal risk drugs found in studies include drugs that need dose adjustment, are lisinopril, ramipril, cefixime, cefotaxime, meropenem, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, bisoprolol, diltiazem, and simvastatin. At the same time, renal-risk drugs that need to be avoided are hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone. Conclusions: Furosemide diuretics are the most widely used therapy in stages 4 and 5. Hospitalised chronic kidney disease patients receive some renal risk drugs that, in the literature, need dose adjustment, and some need to be avoided.
Determinants of swelling and dispersion in reducing drainage in soils affected by sodification
Authors: Matsui Kayo , Onishi Junya
Published: September 2023

Soil sodification commonly occurs in irrigated soils of arid and
semi-arid regions, resulting in serious decreases in productivity.
Because an apparent consequence of sodic soils in farmlands is the
significant deterioration of drainage capacity, the impacts of different
types of water, such as irrigation water, groundwater, and rainfall, on
soil drainage need to be assessed for sustainable land management. We
investigated changes in soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (HC) under
different salt treatments by separating the effects of swelling and
dispersion. The salt treatments were conducted at different salt
compositions (SAR∞, SAR10, SAR0; SAR=Na/(Ca/2)
(cations: mol L )) and
concentrations (0.05, 0.01, 0.001 N) on Indian soil (sandy clay loam).
The soil cores were continuously leached with each treatment solution,
and the HC was plotted against the cumulative amount of percolating
solution. Our results support the existing findings that dispersion is
triggered at concentrations below the critical coagulation concentration
(CCC), which further varies with swelling and reflects the degree of
sodification in a single mineralogy. We further revealed that the CCC
could vary without changing the level of swelling; thus, whether or not
dispersion occurs could be controlled independently of the determinants
of swelling.
The extrastriate symmetry response is robust to alcohol intoxication.
Authors: Karakashevska Elena , Derpsch Yiovanna , Jones Andrew , Makin Alexis
Published: September 2023

Visual symmetry activates a network of regions in the extrastriate
cortex and generates an event related potential (ERP) called the
sustained posterior negativity (SPN). Previous work has found that the
SPN is robust to experimental manipulations of task, spatial attention,
and memory load. In the current study, we investigated whether the SPN
is also robust to alcohol induced changes in mental state. A pilot
experiment (N = 13) found that alcohol unexpectedly increased SPN
amplitude. We followed this unexpected result with two new experiments
on separate groups, using an alcohol challenge paradigm. One group
completed an Oddball discrimination task (N = 26). Another group
completed a Regularity discrimination task (N =26). In both groups
participants consumed a medium dose of alcohol (0.65 g/kg body weight)
and placebo drink, in separate sessions. Alcohol reduced SPN amplitude
in the Oddball task (contrary to the pilot results) but had no effect on
SPN amplitude in the Regularity task. In contrast, the N1 wave was
consistently dampened by alcohol in all experiments. Exploratory
analysis indicated that the inconsistent effect of alcohol on SPN
amplitude may be partly explained by individual differences in alcohol
use. Alcohol reduced the SPN in light drinkers and increased it in
heavier drinkers. Despite remaining questions, the results highlight the
automaticity of symmetry processing. Symmetry still produces a large SPN
response, even when participants are intoxicated, and even when symmetry
is not task relevant.
Improving probability distribution estimation accuracy using polynomial approaches with the method of moments
Authors: Dutta Abhishek , Turan Meltem , Munkhammar Joakim
Published: September 2023

Moment-based determination of a probability density function (PDF) is
widely used in chemical and process engineering applications as they
provide an efficient approach to analyze and solve complex systems. In
this study, three different approaches are implemented for estimating
probability distributions from their moments. These procedures are based
on the reconstruction of a distribution knowing only a limited number of
moments using Chebyshev polynomials, Hermite polynomials and Lagrange
polynomials. To show the applicability of these approaches, various test
cases with reduced set of moments are solved with a set of standard
distribution families (Normal, Weibull, Log Normal and Bimodal) and with
complex distributions (Smoluchowski coagulation equation and population
balance equation). The results are compared with their analytical
solutions using both small and big variance distributions. The
Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) matrix and the RMSE values of the interpolation
procedure using Lagrange polynomials predict a better estimation for all
the test cases compared to the other approaches including the standard
monomial approach (with higher number of moments) implemented in this
study. The K-S test values decreased by 19% compared to the standard
monomial procedure and 11% compared to both Chebyshev and Hermite
polynomial approaches. Similarly, the RMSE values improved by 85%
compared to the standard monomial procedure and 62% compared to both
Chebyshev and Hermite polynomial approaches. This indicates that the
procedure using Lagrange polynomials is a more reliable reconstruction
procedure that calculates the approximate distribution using lesser
number of moments N which is desirable.
Design and Performance Analysis of Giromill Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Authors: Chaulagain Darshan
Published: September 2023

Vertical axis wind turbine has been conceived as one of the best
candidates for converting untapped kinetic energy of turbulent and
unsteady airstream into electricity. Intelligible data on detailed
analysis of performance of such a useful turbine is still scarcely found
in the vast world of scientific literature. The report entitled “Design
and performance analysis of Giromill Vertical Axis Wind Turbine”
attempts to analyze performance of the VAWT at different tip speed
ratios (TSR), for different number of blades, at different velocities
and blade pitch angles. The Double Multiple Steam Tube model was used to
find the design parameter of the Giromill Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
after analyzing the performance curves at different solidity ratios and
tip speed ratios. The turbine with radius 1.12m, chord length 0.11m
obtained from the DMST model was used for various 2D computational fluid
dynamics simulations. The result showed that the DMST model
over-estimates the value of coefficient of performance than the 2D CFD
analysis. Simulation results shows the dominance of three-bladed
turbine, in performance, over four-bladed turbine at different design
parameters, by around 4.3% for same inlet wind velocity of 4m/s. Also,
the performance of three bladed wind turbine is found to be better for
different wind velocity and it increases at suitable negative blade
pitch angle.
Retroauricular hairline approach versus conventional approach for submandibular gland resection: a meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Wanyu , Zhu Lei , Yang Wenhan , Meng Zilu , Wang Yudong
Published: September 2023

Background and Objectives: The retroauricular hairline approach
is increasingly being used for submandibular gland resections because of
the excellent cosmetic results. A meta-analysis of studies compared the
retroauricular hairline and conventional approaches for submandibular
gland excision. Methods: A meta-analysis of studies identified
from the PubMed, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure
databases was performed. Postoperative nerve damage (temporary earlobe
numbness and other signs of nerve damage), surgical durations, wound
lengths, intraoperative bleeding volumes, postoperative drainage, and
lengths of hospital stay were compared. Results: The
retroauricular hairline approach led to greater risk of temporary
earlobe numbness (OR: 7.28; 95% CI: 1.57–33.87; P = 0.01), but this
resolved during the follow-up. There was no significant difference in
the risk of other nerve injuries between the two approaches. The
retroauricular hairline group had significantly longer operative times
and wound lengths compared to the conventional resection group. There
were no significant differences between the two approaches in
intraoperative bleeding volumes, postoperative drainage, and lengths of
hospital stay. Conclusions: The retroauricular hairline
approach is a safe and efficient alternative to the conventional
approach. It provides better cosmetic results and does not increase the
risk of long-term neurological complications.
A Fuzzy Logic Based Software Product Quality Assessment Model
Authors: Öztürk Savaş
Published: September 2023

Neglecting process quality and product quality in software increases
development and maintenance costs. Numerous models have been proposed to
assess and grade product quality. However, current models mostly require
collecting data about the software throughout the process, rely on
questionnaires that generate subjective judgments, and include sets of
metrics with sharp thresholds. There is an important need to quickly
evaluate software that has completed or is about to complete the
development phase prior to acceptance testing, and there is a need for a
model that produces practical and objective results adapted to the
limited data available. In this paper, we review and compare existing
software quality assessment models in the literature and industry and
propose a new fuzzy logic inference model inspired by them, where only
the software code can be used as input. Comparative measurements show
that the proposed model provides more stable and realistic results than
the Software Improvement Group (SIG) maintainability model, which is one
of the modern and practical methods adopted.
Computing the ecRad radiation scheme with half-precision arithmetic
Authors: Pershin Anton , Chantry Matthew , Dueben Peter Dominik , Hogan Robin J , Palmer Tim
Published: September 2023

Numerical simulations of weather and climate models are conventionally
carried out using double-precision floating-point numbers throughout the
vast majority of the code. At the same time, the urgent need of
high-resolution forecasts given limited computational resources
encourages development of much more efficient numerical codes. A number
of recent studies has suggested the use of reduced numerical precision,
including half-precision floating-point numbers increasingly supported
by hardware, as a promising avenue. In this paper, the possibility of
using half-precision calculations in the radiation scheme ecRad
operationally used in the ECMWF’s Integrated Forecasting System (IFS).
By deliberately mixing half-, single- and double-precision variables, we
develop a mixed-precision version of the Tripleclouds solver, the most
computationally demanding part of the radiation scheme, where
reduced-precision calculations are emulated by a Fortran software rpe.
By employing two tools that estimate the dynamic range of model
parameters and identify problematic areas of the model code using
ensemble statistics, the code variables were assigned particular
precision levels.

It is demonstrated that heating rates computed by the mixed-precision
code are reasonably close to those produced by the double-precision
code. Moreover, it is shown that using the mixed-precision ecRad in
OpenIFS has a very limited impact on the accuracy of a medium-range
forecast in comparison to the original double-precision
configuration. These results imply that mixed-precision arithmetic could
successfully be used to accelerate the radiation scheme ecRad and,
possibly, other parametrization schemes used in weather and climate
models without harming the forecast accuracy.
Reconstruction of Cenozoic δ11Bsw Using A Gaussian Process
Authors: Whiteford Ross , Heaton Timothy J , Henehan Michael James , Anagnostou Eleni , Jurikova Hana , Foster Gavin L , Rae James William Buchanan
Published: September 2023

The boron isotope ratio of seawater (δ11Bsw) is a parameter which must
be known to reconstruct palaeo pH and CO2 from boron isotope
measurements of marine carbonates. Beyond a few million years ago,
δ11Bsw is likely to have been different to modern. Palaeo δ11Bsw can be
estimated by simultaneously constraining the vertical gradients in
foraminiferal δ11B (∆δ11B) and pH (∆pH). A number of subtly different
techniques have been used to estimate ∆pH in the past, all broadly based
on assumptions about vertical gradients in oxygen, and/or carbon, or
other carbonate system constraints. In this work we pull together
existing data estimates alongside limitations on the rate of change of
δ11Bsw from modelling, and combine these into an overarching statistical
framework called a Gaussian Process. The Gaussian Process technique
allows us to bring together data and constraints on the rate of change
in δ11Bsw to generate random plausible evolutions of δ11Bsw. We
reconstruct δ11Bsw, and by extension palaeo pH, across the last 65Myr
using this novel methodology. Reconstructed δ11Bsw is compared to other
seawater isotope ratios, namely 87/86Sr, 187/188Os, and δ7Li, which we
also reconstruct with Gaussian Processes. Our method provides a template
for incorporation of future δ11Bsw constraints, and a mechanism for
propagation of uncertainty in δ11Bsw into future studies.
Tectonic Evolution of the Condrey Mountain Schist: an Intact Record of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Franciscan Subduction and Underplating
Authors: Tewksbury-Christle Carolyn Morgan , Behr Whitney M. , Helper Mark A , Stockli Daniel Fritz
Published: September 2023

The Klamath Mountains in northern California and southern Oregon are
thought to record 200+ m.y. of subduction and terrane accretion, whereas
the outboard Franciscan Complex records classic ocean-continent
subduction along the North American margin. Unraveling the Klamaths’
late history could help constrain this transition in subduction style.
Key is the Mesozoic Condrey Mountain Schist (CMS), comprising, in part,
a subduction complex that occupies a structural window through older,
overlying central Klamath thrust sheets but with otherwise uncertain
relationships to other, more outboard Klamath or Franciscan terranes.
The CMS consists of two units (upper and lower), which could be
correlated with 1) other Klamath terranes, 2) the Franciscan, or 3)
neither based on regional structures and limited extant age data. Upper
CMS protolith and metamorphic dates overlap with other Klamath terranes,
but the lower CMS remains enigmatic. We used multiple geochronometers to
constrain the timing of lower CMS deposition and metamorphism. Maximum
depositional ages (MDAs) derived from detrital zircon geochronology of
metasedimentary rocks are 153-135 Ma. Metamorphic ages from white mica
K-Ar and Rb-Sr multi-mineral isochrons from intercalated and coherently
deformed metamafic lenses are 133-116 Ma. Lower CMS MDAs (<153
Ma) predominantly postdate the age of other Klamath terranes, but
subduction metamorphism appears to predate the earliest coherent
Franciscan underplating (ca. 123 Ma). The lower CMS thus occupies a
spatial and temporal position between the Klamaths and Franciscan and
preserves a non-retrogressed record of the Franciscan Complex’s early
history (>123 Ma), otherwise only partially preserved in
retrogressed Franciscan high grade blocks.
Multiscale Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling During Stormtime: A Case Study of the Dawnside Current Wedge
Authors: Sorathia K A , Michael A , Merkin V G , Ohtani S , Keesee A M , Sciola A , Lin D , Garretson J , Ukhorskiy A Y , Bao S , Roedig C B , Pulkkinen A
Published: September 2023

A characteristic feature of the main phase of geomagnetic storms is the
dawn-dusk asymmetric depression of low- and mid-latitude ground magnetic
fields, with largest depression in the dusk sector. Recent work has
shown, using data taken from hundreds of storms, that this dawn-dusk
asymmetry is strongly correlated with enhancements of the dawnside
westward electrojet and this has been interpreted as a ‘dawnside current
wedge’ (DCW). Its ubiquity suggests it is an important aspect of
stormtime magnetosphere-ionosphere (MI) coupling. In this work we
simulate a moderate geomagnetic storm to investigate the mechanisms that
give rise to the formation of the DCW. Using synthetic SuperMAG indices
we show that the model reproduces the observed phenomenology of the DCW,
namely the correlation between asymmetry in the low-latitude ground
perturbation and the dawnside high-latitude ground perturbation. We
further show that these periods are characterized by the penetration of
mesoscale bursty bulk flows (BBFs) into the dawnside inner
magnetosphere. In the context of this event we find that the development
of the asymmetric ring current, which inflates the dusk-side
magnetotail, leads to asymmetric reconnection and dawnward-biased flow
bursts. This results in an eastward expansion and multiscale enhancement
of the dawnside electrojet. The electrojet enhancement extends across
the dawn quadrant with localized enhancements associated with the
wedgelet current systems of the penetrating BBFs. Finally, we connect
this work with recent studies that have shown rapid, localized ground
variability on the dawnside which can lead to hazardous geomagnetically
induced currents.