bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La scrittura dell'Uomo dei topi (1909): Freud tra Jung e Adler
Authors: Romano Cesare
Published: April 2021

. Attraverso una rilettura del caso clinico dell'Uomo dei topi di Freud del 1909, questo scritto si propone di dimostrare due tesi. La prima, che nella stesura del caso clinico Freud fu influenzato non solo da Jung, come ha sostenuto Mannoni (1969), ma anche dal pensiero che Adler aveva espresso in due relazioni alla Società Psicoanalitica di Vienna. In una di queste espose il caso di un paziente ereutofobico la cui infanzia aveva molti punti di contatto con quella del paziente di Freud, e nell'altra affrontò il tema del sadismo nella vita normale e nella nevrosi. Alcuni aspetti di queste relazioni sono rintracciabili nella scrittura di Freud. La seconda tesi sostiene che Freud non era in grado di mantenere la promessa, fatta all'inizio del suo scritto, di sviluppare le teorie del 1896 contenute in Nuove osservazioni sulle neuropsicosi di difesa perché nel frattempo aveva abbandonato la teoria del trauma sessuale che costituiva il perno di quelle teorie, e il trauma sessuale non svolgeva più alcun ruolo eziologico nel suo caso clinico, analogamente al caso clinico esposto da Adler.
Tracce. Storie e persone
Authors: Galli Pier Francesco , Merini Alberto
Published: April 2021

Vengono riprodotti alcuni brani di un seminario tenuto il 30 maggio 1992 alla scuola Il Ruolo Terapeutico di Milano, che lo ha pubblicato nel 1996 col titolo La persona e la tecnica. Appunti sulla pratica clinica e la costruzione della teoria psicoanalitica e che è stato ristampato nel 2002 dall'editore FrancoAngeli con aggiunte e integrazioni. In queste pagine vengono fatte alcune riflessioni sul problema della ricostruzione storica in psicoanalisi, sottolineando come sia indispensabile non basarsi solo sulla storia ufficiale, scritta, ma che sia di fondamentale importanza conoscere anche la storia affettiva e le vicissitudini di vita delle persone che sono state protagoniste nella costruzione teorica. La storia emozionale, trasmessa attraverso canali informali, è un elemento costitutivo della definizione stessa della disciplina psicoanalitica.
The «invisible enemy» and the usual suspects. How Covid-19 re-framed migration in Italian media representations
Authors: Giacomelli Elena , Musarò Pierluigi , Parmiggiani Paola
Published: April 2021

The last decade has been characterized by an intense inflow of people into borders of what has been called the "Fortress Europe". Italian governments, from Gentiloni-Minniti to Conte-Salvini, have implemented restrictive border management and migration control measures, fueled also by an over mediatization of the issue in and by public discourses. However, from February 2020 public debates and narratives have been dominated by the Covid-19 pandemic, a health emergency often described as a war against an invisible enemy. Through a qualitative analysis of Italian media representations, this paper analyses how Covid-19 overshadowed and reframed migration narratives and discourses. Moving within the concept of (in)visibility, this paper explores the two macrodiscourses around migration during the lockdown: on one side, the link between migration and illness (fear of infection) that led to strict border security measures; on the other, the utilitaristic x\regularization of migrants working in informal economy. The conclusion reflects on long-term implications of the pandemic on mobility justice (Sheller 2018) and what Mbembe (2020) has defined the "right to breath".
The Intersubjective Revolution. Implications for Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy
Authors: Kernberg Otto , Gallese Vittorio , Ammaniti Massimo , Weber Carla
Published: April 2021

On the occasion of our 30th anniversary, the Association of Psychoanalytic Studies would like to open a scientific debate on what has been considered a deep paradigmatic transformation, "the intersubjective revolution". We will host the leading exponents of two different disciplines, Otto Kernberg and Vittorio Gallese. They will evaluate the reciprocal implications of the role of the psychoanalyst in the psychotherapeutic relationships and give us a better understanding of the neurosci-entific basis of neurotic and psychotic disorders. Modern day research has allowed us to make a significant improvement in psychoanalytic techniques and to update the traditional different psychotherapeutic methods. For 30 years, the Association of Psychoanalytic Studies has been carrying out an original approach in the treatment of psychoses and neuroses according to the Gaetano Benedetti's framework. The Congress will collect and develop the constructive views which have been discussed within the International Federation of Psychoanalytic Societies (IFPS). The aim is to highlight the issues that might be raised. The Congress will also make use of the in-sights and progress made by applied research of the participating individual Institu-tions and Schools, of psychoanalysts and psychotherapists. Massimo Ammaniti will deliver a Lectio Magistralis to conclude the Congress.
Sentire osservando: un percorso insieme Formazione-trasformazione attraverso l'esperienza di osservazione del neonato
Authors: Pelucchini Margherita
Published: April 2021

Questo articolo presenta l'esperienza di Infant Observation come centrale per la formazione analitica, in quanto capace di sviluppare la capacità di "osservare per vedere" del terapeuta ed il contatto con il proprio bambino interiore; essa predispone altresì all'ascolto del proprio controtransfert nel rapporto con l'altro-da-Sé entro un gioco relazionale carico di significati. Emerge dallo scritto come il concetto di formazione-trasformazione connoti l'intera esperienza, riguardando trasversalmente tutte le menti coinvolte. A modifi-carsi sono, in tal senso, il sentire dell'osservatore, con il proprio setting interno, il bam-bino che viene osservato e le funzioni genitoriali in gioco all'interno del campo d'osservazione; a trasformarsi è inoltre la mente gruppale dei colleghi, che accoglie l'esperienza dell'osservatore per rileggerla ed attribuire ad essa nuovi e più estesi signi-ficati. Si palesa come osservare e sentire il bambino nel contesto consenta di prendere coscienza del suo percorso di sviluppo, sperimentandolo dal vivo. La vicinanza a Valeria nel primo anno di vita ha permesso all'osservatrice di assistere al passaggio dai vissuti originari di fragilità e dipendenza dalla madre pur con l'apporto della propria agentività, alla lenta e progressiva strutturazione di un Io ai primordi, garantito dalle relazioni Io-Tu, di pari passo al presentarsi di difese arcaiche. Nel corso dell'Infant Observation la funzione della pelle della piccola e l'integrazione progressiva tra soma, psiche ed affettività sono risultate centrali, anche nel manifestarsi di sintomi di disagio all'interno delle relazioni primarie. È stato possi-bile assistere allo sviluppo sensoriale e motorio-prassico di Valeria, parallelamente a quello verbale ed insieme alla maturazione di capacità cognitive, dell'abilità imitativa e di quella che è parsa una nascente teoria della mente. Sono inoltre comparsi le rou-tine e lo sviluppo sociale. La riflessione sul costrutto dell'attaccamento è stata cruciale in tutto il percorso. Nel complesso, l'articolo mostra come l'Infant Observation comporti un costante lavorio interiore nell'osservatore, una lettura e rilettura degli innumerevoli elementi del campo di osservazione, quali sensazioni, emozioni, pensieri, dubbi, paure, alla ricerca di una trama ed un senso. Un aspetto cardine è quello del pensiero sul "dopo" e sui saluti, ossia la possibilità della separazione dall'altro con buoni pensieri, con la fiducia verso di lui e verso le sue risorse. Una fase di elaborazione del lutto risulta necessaria, fonte anch'essa di profondi insegnamenti e metamorfosi interna.
Walter Burley on divine Ideas
Authors: Paladini Chiara
Published: April 2021

This paper focuses on the theory of divine ideas of Walter Burley (1275-1347). The medieval common theory of divine ideas, developed by Augustine, was intended to provide an answer to the question of the order and intelligibility of the world. The world is rationally organized since God created it according to the models existing eternally in his mind. Augustine's theory, however, left open problems such as reconciling the principle of God's unity with the plurality of ideas, the way in which ideas can or cannot be said to be eternal, their ontological status. Medieval authors discussed such questions until at least the late 14th century. By resorting to the semantic tool of connotation, Burley explains both in what way ‘idea' can signify the divine essence as much as the creatures (thereby reconciling the principle of God's unity with the multiplicity of ideas), and in what sense we can say that God has thought them from eternity, without slipping into a necessitarian view that undermines the principle of divine freedom. Moreover, by envisaging the objective mode of being as the only mode of being of ideas, he explains in what way they truly differ from one another on the basis of their different conceptual contents
The Principle of Excluded Middle in Kant
Authors: Kayar Esma
Published: April 2021

The principle of excluded middle is more important than is commonly believed for understanding Kant's overall philosophical project. In the article, this principle is examined in the following contexts: (i) kinds of judgments, (ii) concepts of opposition, negation, and determination, and (iii) apagogic proof. It is first explained how the principle of excluded middle is employed by Kant in distinguishing between the kinds of judgment. Also called the principle of division, it is the principle of disjunctive and apodictic judgments in Kant's famous table of judgments. Next, the Author shows which kind of opposition is related to the principle of the excluded middle. As a merely logical criterion of truth, this principle grounds the logical necessity of a cognition and plays an important role in the use of apagogical proofs. Then Kant's account of logical negation will be investigated briefly. Negative judgment with a negative copula indicates that something is not contained within the sphere of a given concept. This process occurs in accordance with the principle of excluded middle. Finally, an analysis is made of how Kant presents the metaphysical principle of thoroughgoing determination and its differences from the logical principle of excluded middle.
John Bates Clark's view on the Treaty of Versailles as the origin of both World War II and the idea of a European Union
Authors: Messori Luciano , Orsini Raimondello
Published: April 2021

The aim of this paper is to highlight the position of John Bates Clark about the Treaty of Versailles and the U.S. approach to Foreign Policy in the aftermath of World War I. To achieve this goal, we analyze some unpublished manuscripts from the Rare Book & Manuscript Library of Columbia University and four pub-lished articles written by Clark between 1918 and 1919 about the consequences of the Treaty and, more generally, the future of Europe. The main ideas emerging from this material are that Clark supported the Trea-ty because he thought that given the threat of a resurgent Germany, only a League of Nations including the U.S. could be able to maintain world peace. On the other hand, he also criticized it because he shared with Keynes the view that the very harsh provisions imposed on Germany would generate another World War in the near future. Finally, Clark saw the union among European countries as a tool for preventing another war.
ЕКОНОМІЧНА ПОЛІТИКА ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗОВАНОГО САМОВРЯДУВАННЯ 1785–1870 рр.
Authors: Черемісін О.В.
Published: April 2021

У статті розглядається економічна політика місцевого самоврядування протягом 1785–1870 рр. Основну увагу приділено феномену децентралізації, введеному міському положенню 1785 р., яке надавало самостійність у формуванні та розпорядженні фінансовими потоками з метою унезалежнення самоврядування від центральної влади. Досвід дореволюційної роботи самоврядування вкрай важливий для нашого часу, оскільки на сучасному етапі українського державотворення відбуваються реформи місцевого самоврядування за принципами децентралізації, тому зможе послугувати позитивними тенденціями розвитку. У статті робиться спроба проаналізувати наслідки широко задуманої реформи щодо економічної політики місцевого самоврядування, аналізуються прибутково-видаткова частина та принципи формування і використання бюджетів у різних регіонах України.
ПРОБЛЕМИ РОЗВИТКУ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОЇ КООПЕРАЦІЇ: МАКРОЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Рудік Н.М.
Published: April 2021

У статті досліджено теоретико-прикладні аспекти проблем розвитку сільськогосподарської кооперації в Україні на макроекономічному рівні. Установлено нестабільну та суперечливу динаміку розвитку сільськогосподарських кооперативів. Визначено, що розвиток сільськогосподарської кооперації стримують суперечності в законодавчому забезпеченні організації й функціонування кооперативів, відсутність спрямованої на її підтримку цілісної послідовної державної політики, низький рівень можливостей щодо залучення фінансових ресурсів та інвестицій для функціонування і розвитку кооперативів. Акцентовано, що розвиток сільськогосподарської кооперації відбувається переважно шляхом сприяння кооперуванню фермерських господарств. Обґрунтовано, що перспектива ефективного подальшого розвитку пов’язана з реалізацією Закону України «Про сільськогосподарську кооперацію» № 819-IX, розширенням державної підтримки шляхом збільшення обсягів фінансування та оптимізацією її структури, диверсифікацією джерел фінансування та їх раціональним поєднанням.
Dynamic carpal tunnel syndrome: pathophysiology, features of osteopathic diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Stefanidi A. V. , Balabanova N. V.
Published: April 2021

The goal of the review is the systematization of the main factors inﬂuencing on the appearance of clinical signs of carpal syndrome of median nerve. In this lecture, an emphasis is placed on the problem of dynamic carpal tunnel syndrome, the symptoms of which are provoked by physical exertion and/or a certain position of the limb, due to compression and/or overstretching, as well as abnormality of longitudinal and transverse sliding of the median nerve. These symptoms subside with the termination of the action of the provoking factor and return when the movements are repeated. Neurological examinations and nerve conduction tests performed at resting state usually do not reveal changes. This lecture also discusses the features of clinical biomechanics and pathophysiology of the median nerve. For topical diagnosis of the level of nerve compression and in order to accurately understand whether there is an abnormality of the mobility of the nerve tissue, it is necessary to carry out manual testing of the muscles innervated by the median nerve, with the arm and neck of the patient being examined in a neutral position, and during provocative neurodynamic tests. According to clinical neurodynamics therapeutic measures should be directed to all interdependent components of the peripheral nervous system in the following sequence: osteopathic treatment of the nerve trunk interface (tissues surrounding the nerve trunk); osteopathic treatment of innervated tissue; osteopathic treatment of the connective tissue of the median nerve. During this sequence of treatment, we carry out manual correction of the functional blocks of the joints of the hand and the radiocarpal joint, inactivate trigger points in the muscles surrounding the median nerve (round pronator, ﬂexors of the ﬁngers of the hand, etc.), carry out fascial release directly to the nerve bed itself. Then we perform passive and active mobilization of the nerve trunk in the longitudinal and transverse directions. After the end of osteopathic treatment, it is necessary to prescribe special neurodynamics exercises to mobilize the median nerve.
Possibilities of osteopathic correction methods using in the treatment of dorsopathy at the cervicothoracic level
Authors: Belash V. O. , Nenashkina E. N.
Published: April 2021

Dorsopathy and associated pain syndromes are among the most common diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue. Despite the relatively high level of the problem knowledge, the dorsopathies treatment still remains a fairly serious task for clinicians. A combination of medication and non-medication treatment methods is optimal. Some studies have previously demonstrated the clinical efﬁcacy of osteopathic correction methods using in the complex therapy of patients with dorsopathies. The issues of isolated application and mutual compatibility of various non-drug methods have not yet been studied enough. The article describes a case from practice devoted to the isolated use (monotherapy) of osteopathic correction in a patient with dorsopathy, and discusses the features of individual regional somatic dysfunctions identiﬁcation and ﬁlling out an osteopathic conclusion.
¿Cómo narrar la realidad económica? : discusión de los marcos y los encuadramientos cognitivos en economía.
Authors: Guevara Castañeda Camilo Andrés
Published: April 2021

Este artículo pretende aportar a la conversación sobre los encuadramientos mentales y al debate reciente sobre epistemología en economía. Por otro lado, y a diferencia de propuestas como la de Tony Lawson, quien pretende mostrar que el punto central de las divergencias entre el análisis ortodoxo y heterodoxo en economía se debe al tipo de ontología que se asume, intentamos mostrar que un elemento central de esta divergencia se encuentra en los encuadramientos cognitivos con los que se discute. Se han escogido algunos casos teóricos y de análisis en los que sé que muestran como los “hechos” son descritos con relación a un marco cognitivo, lo que señala las diferencias en los puntos de partida al analizar la realidad. El objetivo está en entender que hablamos dentro de marcos cognitivos que nos condicionan y condicionan las discusiones que damos, y que generalmente terminan invisibilizando otras maneras de mirar, de plantear preguntas o de iniciar discusiones.
Negocios Inclusivos y desarrollo económico en Colombia : el rol de la cooperación internacional.
Authors: Barrios Tano Katherine del Rosario , León Torres Erika Patricia , Blanco Rangel Ibelis
Published: April 2021

Este artículo presenta los resultados de investigación obtenidos de la revisión documental de 23 casos de Negocios Inclusivos en Colombia entre los años 2007 y 2019. El objetivo general de la investigación es determinar la relación entre los Negocios Inclusivos (financiados por cooperación internacional) y el desarrollo económico en Colombia partiendo de la caracterización de experiencias representativas. Segundo, analizar la incidencia de los casos de negocios en el desarrollo económico de poblaciones vulnerables frente a dos criterios asociados al Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) No. 8; la generación de empleo y su formalización, además del crecimiento de micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas, así como el acceso a los servicios financieros de la población con niveles de renta bajos o Base de la Pirámide. Los resultados y conclusiones obtenidas apuntan a realizar un esbozo de los avances que han promovido los negocios inclusivos en materia de la Agenda 2030 en Colombia.
Defining and Regulating Prostitution from the Polish and European Perspective
Authors:   University of Warsaw, Lasocik Zbigniew
Published: April 2021

Prostitution has not received the academic interest it deserves in Poland. On the one hand the issue of eroticism and human sexuality is a relatively strong cultural taboo, on the other research on prostitution raises numerous methodological diffi culties. The purpose of this article is to explore two issues. The fi rst is go back to unsatisfactory attempts to defi ne the commercial sex. The second is to look at legal regulations regarding this issue in Poland and several European countries. At the level of sociological reflection, prostitution can be defi ned by referring to the elements of a specifi c interaction between two people, one of whom offers paid sex and the other of whom is interested in using such a service. Prostitution is defi ned completely differently in law and in several European countries, for example in Great Britain and Austria there are interesting legal provisions. But I propose my own definition of prostitution or sex work in which the eight elements are combined. As far as legal regulations of prostitution are concern four categories of countries can be mentioned in Europe. From these in which the provision and purchase of sexual services is prohibited, to those where prostitution is legal and the professional status of the person engaging in it is regulated. There is also variety of perceptions of prostitution as a social phenomenon and different typologies of policies implemented by individual countries. But it appears that further studies on sex business and prostitution as a social phenomenon are needed.
Physicochemical Properties, Nutritional Composition and Sensory Acceptance of Chicken Meat Sausages with Chia Seed Powder Substitution
Authors: Arifin Norlelawati , Mohd Hanifah Nurhani Fatihah , Yahya Hanis Nadia
Published: April 2021

Chia seed has a high content of fibres and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Chia seed also holds numerous amounts of minerals and vitamins, including calcium and phosphorus. Chia seed offers a great potential of gel-forming ability and good water and oil holding capacities. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of chia seed powder substitution in chicken meat sausage formulations on the physicochemical characteristics and sensory acceptance. In the study, the chicken meat sausages were produced in four formulations; sample A as the control (100% chicken meat), sample B (5% substitution of chia seed powder to chicken meat), sample C (10% substitution of chia seed powder to chicken meat) and sample D (15% substitution of chia seed powder to chicken meat). The sausages were analysed for colour, texture, water holding capacity, cooking loss, proximate analysis, crude fibre content, and sensory acceptability. As for the findings, the substitution of chia seed powder resulted in low ‘L’ values of chicken meat sausage due to the dark colour of the chia seed. On the other hand, chia seed powder's substitution decreased the hardness and cohesiveness values. However, it increased the adhesiveness, springiness, and chewiness. Water holding capacity and a cooking loss percentage of the chicken meat sausages with chia seed powder substitution were observed to improve compared to control sausage (100% chicken meat), resulting in juicier sausages. The chia seed powder substitution increased the carbohydrate, ash, fat, and fibre contents for the chemical composition. On a 9-point hedonic scale, sample B (5% chia seed powder substitution) exhibited the highest sensory scores in all attributes evaluated (colour, texture, taste, juiciness, and overall acceptance). Thus, it can be concluded that chia seed powder can be substituted in chicken meat sausage to produce better quality products.
Development of Automatic Reminder System for Geriatric Medicine Intake
Authors: Aisyah Rahimi  , Hamimi Zakri  , Khalil Azira
Published: April 2021

The consumption of medicine is typical in geriatrics, having many problems related to medications. Geriatrics often forget to take their medicine, and this problem can be overcome by using an automatic reminder system. In this study, an automated reminder system is developed as an improved community element, acting as a system that can help geriatric in taking their medicine on time, thus, boosting their health condition. This reminder system also includes an interaction between the geriatrics and their caretakers. This reminder system includes Arduino UNO as the microcontroller, with the notification system, Blynk Application, a buzzer, and a light-emitting diode (LED) system. To make this reminder system more versatile, the buzzer will alarm during the medicine intake time, giving information to the elderly on which medicine to take. When the time has reached to take medication, the buzzer will produce a sound. Suppose the medicine box opens after the buzzer's sound and is detected by the passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor). In that case, the caretaker will receive a notification through the Blynk application that the geriatric already took medicine. On the contrary, if the medicine box is not open after 3 minutes following the buzzer's sound, which indicates that the geriatric did not take their medicine, the system will not send a notification to their caretakers on the status. This prototype is tested on ten users for its accuracy and effectiveness. It is believed that this system can provide geriatrics more alert in taking their medicine on time, enhancing their health status.
Strength and Durability Characteristics of Cement-lime Mortars with Fly Ash and Slag as Aggregate Substitutes
Authors: Katzer Jacek , Kończalski Paweł
Published: April 2021

The global consumption of sand by the concrete industry has increased significantly over the years. Natural sand has become a desired commodity in numerous regions of the world. To protect both the existing resources of natural sand and utilize waste materials, drastic actions are urgently needed. The production of cement mortars, which are solely based on fine aggregate, is responsible for the large consumption of natural sand. In the described research program, we proposed to substitute 50 % of the natural sand in mortars with fly ash and slag. The strength properties and durability characteristics of the new mortars were tested. It was proved that mortars with fly ash and slag can be used for specific applications in civil engineering. Areas for future research associated with the mortars in question were also pointed out.
Penentuan Jarak Antar Tiang Penerangan Jalan Umum Untuk Jalan Lurus Dan Jalan Melengkung Pada Jalan Tol Ruas Lingkar Luar Jakarta W2 Utara Seksi I
Authors: Nursita Ersalia Dewi
Published: April 2021

The Jakarta Outer Ring Road North W2 Section I has a different road width and also an interchange that is curved like a circle. On this toll road the distance between the piles used in both type of road is the same, that is equal to 30 m. Determination of the distance between the poles of the street lighting for straight roads and curved paths in this thesis using the phytagoras method. Where the distance between the lampposts for a straight road with the width of the road ranges from 4.5 m to 14.5 m from the calculation results require the distance between piles of 21.09 to 29.85 (<30 m) this results in less lighting standard. And for the width of the road ranging from 15.5 m to 30.5 m from the calculation results require the distance between the piles of 31.01 m to 50.82 m (> 30 m) which results in waste in the installation of the number of poles. Whereas for curved roads with a road width of 7.5 m for the placement of light poles in the arches of the road requires a smaller distance between piles of 20.96 m (<30 m).
Analisis Trafo Scott Mengatasi Penurunan Kapasitas Daya Akibat Distorsi Harmonik
Authors: Suprapto Jaka , Irianto Chairul G , Siregar Riki Ruli A.
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine Scott's transformer size which is suitable for use in the electrical system of the 4th Floor, F&G Building, Herry Hartanto Building, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Trisakti University. found in the electrical system. The research used is a quantitative and qualitative approach. This quantitative study was used because the researchers wanted to know and calculate the magnitude of the harmonics that occurred on the 4th Floor, F&G Building, Herry Hartanto, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Trisakti University and designed a single passive tuned filter parameter. Whereas qualitative research was used to analyze the comparison between before and after the installation of Scott transformers and their effect on the harmonic value of the 4th Floor, F&G Building, Herry Hartanto, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Trisakti University. The results of this study are the simulation results of the Scott relationship transformer installation can eliminate voltage harmonics so that the electric waves formed into pure sine and Scott transformer connection installation can reduce the highest THD value in panel A, Floor 4, Building F&G, Herry Hartanto Building, Faculty of Technology Industry, Trisakti University from 11.45% to 1.28x10-5%
El arte urbano en las redes sociales como medio de transformación social: el caso de Boa Mistura
Authors: Haro Cáceres Carmen
Published: April 2021

El arte urbano es el responsable de reivindicar las calles. Es una manifestación artística hecha para la ciudadanía y, en muchos casos, creada por la misma. La realidad actual es que muchas de estas obras que inundan los muros de ciudades y barrios, hoy día también se exponen en las redes sociales, y, por supuesto, mantienen ese carácter transformador. En este pequeño artículo hablaremos de Boa Mistura, un equipo multidisciplinar de arte urbano que se dedica a cambiar la vida de cientos de familias que viven en barrios excluidos. Con el arte por bandera, nos adentramos en dos proyectos llevados a cabo por Boa Mistura, en su esencia.
Os hábitos de consumo sustentável e a consciência ambiental influenciam a intenção de compra de produtos ecológicos? Um estudo com professores de instituições públicas piauienses
Authors: Leite Géssica de Oliveira , Silva Clayton Robson Moreira da , Oliveira Laís Vieira Castro , Fontenele Raimundo Eduardo Silveira
Published: April 2021

Este estudo analisa a influência dos hábitos de consumo sustentável e da consciência ambiental na intenção de compra de produtos ecológicos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo survey, desenvolvida com 299 professores que atuam na rede pública de ensino no cerrado piauiense. Na análise dados, foram aplicadas técnicas de análise descritiva, análise fatorial exploratória e regressão linear múltipla. Os resultados indicam que a intenção de compra de produtos ecológicos é influenciada pelos hábitos de consumo sustentável e pela consciência ambiental, de forma específica, pelas variáveis “produtos saudáveis” e “limite de crescimento”, indicando que os indivíduos que atribuem maior importância ao consumo de produtos saudáveis e se preocupam com os limites de produção, consumo e crescimento tendem a ter maior intenção de compra de produtos ecológicos. Ainda, verificou-se que as variáveis gênero, faixa etária, filho(s) e renda apresentaram efeito sobre a intenção de compra de produtos ecológicos. A pesquisa contribui para o campo do desenvolvimento sustentável à medida em que fomenta a discussão sobre atitudes e comportamentos sustentáveis de professores, profissionais-chave no processo de desenvolvimento de práticas de educação ambiental nos espaços escolares, contribuindo para a formação crítica e social de estudantes, com foco na sustentabilidade. Assim, este estudo ajuda a ampliar o debate acadêmico sobre o assunto em questão, motivando os pesquisadores a investigar outras questões relacionadas à sustentabilidade no contexto educacional.
Tratamento cirúrgico de celulite orbitária e trismo causada por corpo estranho intraorbitário
Authors: Pinto Priscilla Sarmento , Souza Rosa Rayanne Lins de , Viana Ruan de Sousa , Diniz Demóstenes Alves , Brito Felipe Ricardo Cisneiros , Oliveira Filho Dirceu de , Santos Greiciane Miguel de Azevedo , Aquino Arthur Alves Thomaz de , Silva Ronaldo Gabriel Martiniano da , Cabral Leandro Pimentel
Published: April 2021

Desenvolver uma revisão integrativa acerca da infecção orbital por corpo estranho penetrante, através da análise do sexo e idade mais prevalente, etiologia, sinais e sintomas, abordagem cirúrgica e sequelas. Além disso, relatar um caso de infecção orbitária por um corpo estranho penetrante com severa limitação de abertura bucal. Consiste em duas etapas, na primeira, dois autores procuraram independentemente artigos sobre infecção orbital por corpo estranho penetrante nas bases de dados “MEDLINE/PubMed”, “Scielo” e “Scopus’’, utilizando descritores combinados com os operadores booleanos. A segunda etapa consiste em um relato de caso de celulite orbitária após penetração de corpo estranho (“pedaço” de madeira) em assoalho de órbita. Essa lesão se mostrou mais comum no sexo masculino (75%), com idade média de 41,7 anos, decorrente do acidente de trabalho (33,3), evoluindo com sinais e sintomas de lesão cutânea, dor, oftalmoplegia, baixa acuidade visual e abscesso. Sendo a abordagem cirúrgica mais usada a orbitotomia (41,7%), com os pacientes sem sequelas pós-cirúrgicas (50%). A condução do caso deve ser por uma equipe multidisciplinar, com abordagem imediata, evitando assim disseminação da infecção para região intracraniana. Concluiu-se também que o risco de infecção está diretamente relacionado a natureza do material do corpo estranho.
Numerical Investigation on Effect of Thermal Expansion Joint in a Tube Holder Insulating Section in Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Authors: Khayyaminejad Amirhossein , Amirshaghaghi Hadi , P.Khabazi Navid , Shadkami Ahvazi Pourya
Published: April 2021

As shell and tube heat exchangers become more widely used, their challenges are becoming more and more important. In some of these heat exchangers, an insulating section is used to reduce thermal stresses on the tube holder section. In this study, the effect of the presence and absence of expansion joints in this insulation section has been investigated. For this purpose, the desired section with and without expansion joint has been analyzed using the finite element method (FEM) in ANSYS software. Based on the results, it was found that the thermal expansion joint reduces thermal deformation and significantly reduces the rate of stresses in the mentioned section, which increases the life of the tube holder section. Also, the presence of expansion joints reduces the applied pressure to the insulation tape around the tube holder section, which increases the life of the insulation tape around the insulation section.
Neotyphodium lolii induces a limited host defence response by Lolium perenne
Authors: Zhang N. , Raftery M. , Christensen Richardson , Schmid J.
Published: April 2021

We have identified three proteins specifically expressed during the interaction between N. lolii and L. perenne in natural compatible associations. Two are pathogenesis-related PR-10 proteins, part of a ubiquitous plant response to pathogens. We have identified seven different L. perenne PR-10 genes and found that endophyte infection increases PR-10 transcript levels, but only mildly. Furthermore, PR-10 mRNA levels also increase in a dysfunctional symbiosis, but the two identified PR-10 proteins are absent. This suggests that part of the regulation of protein expression is at the level of translation and that PR-10 proteins could be required for the symbiosis to be functional. A third symbiosis-specific protein is a very highly expressed N. lolii superoxide dismutase. Such enzymes neutralise superoxide formed by plants as a defence mechanism. Our results suggest that N. lolii elicits a limited host defence, comparable to that elicited by arbuscular mycorrhiza. Keywords: Neotyphodium lolii, Lolium perenne, host response, proteomics, gene expresion, pathogenesis related protein PR-10, fungal superoxide dismutase
metabolic profiling of endophyte-infected and endophyte-free ryegrass grown under sufficient water supply and drought
Authors: Hahn H. , Fiehn O. , Mcmanus M.A. , Scott D.B.
Published: April 2021

Metabolic profiling using gas-chromatography mass spectrometry was performed for endophyte-infected (E+) and corresponding endophyte-free (E-) clones of two ryegrass genotypes cultivated under sufficient water supply and drought stress. In total, 243 metabolites representing both known and unknown compounds were analysed for samples taken at the end of the drought stress period and after rewatering (n=10 replications per level of genotype, endophyte infection, and water supply).
Commercialisation of AR1 in Australia
Authors: Evans J.W.
Published: April 2021

Perennial ryegrass containing a high level of standard (wild) endophyte is a significant component of the feed base for the grazing industries in the high rainfall and irrigated regions of Australia. The AR1 selected endophyte was first commercialised in Australia by Heritage Seeds in autumn 2002 into a market that had low awareness, and a limited understanding, of perennial ryegrass endophyte. The early uptake of AR1 was slow, mainly due to difficulties with delivering a very technical message with limited resources and justifying a significant price increase with no independent supporting data from Australia. Changing the marketing message to focus on the potential benefits from AR1, along with support from the developers of AR1 (AgResearch) and an overall increase in awareness of ryegrass endophyte, saw a dramatic increase in the uptake of AR1 varieties in 2005 and 2006. It is expected that this trend toward selected endophytes will continue into the future. Keywords: perennial ryegrass, endophyte, AR1, commercialisation
Technology transfer of novel ryegrass endophytes in New Zealand
Authors: Milne G.D.
Published: April 2021

The adoption of novel endophyte ryegrass in New Zealand has been successful and rapid, with AR1 novel endophyte seed representing 80% of the total ryegrass seed infected with endophyte within 3 years of release. Success was underpinned by a large amount of research into endophytes and the animal production benefits of novel endophytes. Awareness amongst farmers and seed retailers was created by scientists and seed company staff, often with an organised and collaborative campaign. The domination of the market with novel endophytes is likely to increase further with the on-farm success of AR1, and the recent introduction of third-generation endophytes. Keywords: endophyte, ryegrass, technology, transfer, adoption, knowledge, awareness, benefits, validation, research
Disease and pest resistance of endophyte infected and non-infected drunken horse grass
Authors: Li Chunjie , Zhang Xingxu , Author L.I. , Nan Zhibiao , Schardl C.L.
Published: April 2021

The naturally occurring mutualistic symbiosis of Neotyphodium gansuense and drunken horse grass (Achnatherum inebrians) was studied previously in China. In this paper, new data on the interactions of endophyte, host and pathogenic fungi, mite and insect pests are presented. Fungal diseases and pests were examined when test plants were grown in pots in a climate chamber or in the field. There were usually no significant (P>0.05) differences in the levels of powdery mildew infection (caused by Blumeria graminis) under climate chamber conditions; the only exception was that E+ plants had significantly less powdery mildew infection at 50% soil water holding capacity (WHC) than at 30% WHC. There was no significant difference (P
Dual Affymetrix GeneChip analysis of the perennial ryegrass-endophyte symbiosis
Authors: Johnson L.J. , Voisey C.R. , Johnson R.D. , Khan A.K. , Park Z.A. , Ramakrishna M. , Cao M. , Simon D. , Christensen M. , Bryan G.T. , Rasmussen S.
Published: April 2021

Grass associations with EpichloÃ«/Neotyphodium endophytes display enhanced fitness as well as prolonged field persistence over their endophyte free equivalents. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the complex biological interactions that occur between a plant host and fungal symbiont, a transcriptomics approach using custom designed Affymetrix GeneChipÂ®s was employed. We are currently comparing and analysing symbiotic interactions of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) with endophytes N. lolii and E. festucae as well as comparing it against endophyte-free perennial ryegrass. Both N. lolii and E. festucae have been grown in culture in order to compare in planta versus in vitro gene expression. Additionally, targeted gene replacements in E. festucae have been performed and a comparative analysis of the knock-outs with wild-type E. festucae infected plants is in progress. These comparative analyses have revealed changes in gene expression which may lead to the identification of gene pathways/networks and the roles of these genes in symbiosis. Keywords: Neotyphodium, EpichloÃ«, transcriptomics, symbiosis
A new generation ryegrass endophyte - the first results from dairy cows fed AR37
Authors: Thom E.R. , Waugh C.D. , Minnee E.M.K. , Waghorn G.C.
Published: April 2021

The AR37 endophyte strain in ryegrass produces epoxyjanthitrems but no peramine, lolitrem B or ergovaline, associated with the wild-type (HE) endophyte. An experiment commenced in 2005 to measure dairy cow health and production responses to AR37 in ryegrass. Four herds of 15 cows grazed on each of three endophyte treatments (AR37, AR1, HE and endophytefree (Nil) control) for 12 days in spring 2005 and autumn 2006, and in summer 2006 four groups of 10 cows were fed indoors to accurately assess cow dry matter and alkaloid intakes. Milk yields (kg/cow/day) were similar in spring but in autumn were lower (P
Endophytic fungi as indirect defense mechanisms in grasses - mycotoxins enhance the UV-visibility of herbivore urine in the eyes of predators
Authors: Saari Susanna , Huitu Otso , Helander Marjo , Lehtonen PÃ¤ivi , Saikkonen Kari
Published: April 2021

Endophytes are known to increase the resistance of their host plant to voles directly through reduced palatability
Nematotoxic effects of endophyte-infected tall fescue toxins and extracts in an in vitro bioassay using the nematode Pratylenchus scribneri
Authors: Bacetty A.A. , Snook M.E. , Glenn A.E. , Bacon C.W. , Nagabhyru P. , Schardl C.L.
Published: April 2021

Biotypes of the Neotyphodium coenophialum-tall fescue grass symbiota are provided with enhanced protection from grazing vertebrate herbivores due to the production of toxic secondary metabolites. However, considerable controversy exists concerning this symbiotum and its toxicity to nematode species. A sterile in vitro system was developed to determine the interactive nature of known toxins specific to this mutualistic association and compounds within grass extracts known to be nematotoxic. The in vitro assay used Pratylenchus scribneri, the lesion nematode, as the target organism to determine the interactive nature of ergot alkaloids, the pyrrolizidine alkaloid (the lolines), total phenolic fractions, and specific phenolic compounds. The in vitro assay is described along with methods for testing toxicity. The results indicate that only two of three ergot alkaloids were toxic to P. scribneri, and there were possible potentiating or synergistic effects with other alkaloids and water soluble polyphenolics. HPLC analysis and UV mass spectrometry of root extracts revealed the presence of two major polyphenolics, chlorogenic and di-caffeoylquinic acids, both of which are natural constituents of this and other plants and have known toxicity to several species of nematodes. Further, it was determined that there were quantitative differences between the total phenolic and specific phenolic contents in roots of endophyte infected and noninfected tall fescue, cultivar Jesup. This in vitro assay offers a rapid and routine screen for acute testing chemical components of the tall fescue-endophyte symbiotum for toxicity to this nematode species. Keywords: Chlorogenic acid, di-caffeoylquinic acids, ergot alkaloid, lolines, nematode, polyphenolics, Pratylenchus scribneri, pyrrolizidine alkaloid
Hill country pastures, botanical composition and productive capacity
Authors: Cosgrove G.P. , Field T.R.O.
Published: April 2021

Botanical composition of pastures is indicative of their dry matter production and nutritive value and so capacity for animal production. Two previous national pasture surveys were conducted in 1935/1940 and in 1987/1988, and one regional survey in 1967/1968, to assess the state of this resource across all land classes. Among many purposes, results from these surveys were used to assess the outcomes of technological advances such as aerial topdressing and oversowing in hill country from the 1950s onwards, and to record changes in the abundance of particular species such as C4 grasses that could indicate effects of climate change, and identify research needs and opportunities. In the 28 years since the most recent survey, there have been many changes in the farm operating environment. This is particularly so in hill country, where other sectors such as forestry and dairy have encroached on traditional sheep and beef land, and poor profitability has forced variable and often sub-maintenance applications of phosphate (P) and sulphur (S) fertilisers. However, the low use of P and S has been partly offset by increased use of nitrogen (N) fertiliser. The declining number of beef cows, substituted by growing dairy and dairy-beef cattle, and the remarkable increase in the per head productivity of sheep are probably the biggest changes shifting the feed demand profile and the ratio of mature: young livestock. These changes affect pasture utilisation. This paper will consider the possible effects of those changes over the 28 years since the most recent national survey of pasture botanical composition, and the future capacity and resilience of this important resource to cope with continuing farm system change, emerging pressures for productivity growth, and regulatory and compliance requirements. Keywords: hill country pasture, botanical composition, resource status, survey
Soil pH and exchangeable aluminium in contrasting New Zealand high and hill country soils
Authors: Whitley A.E. , Moir J.L. , Almond P.C. , Moot D.J.
Published: April 2021

Soil acidity and associated aluminium (Al) toxicity severely limit the establishment and growth of legumes in New Zealand high country pastures. A survey of 13 soils differing in location, soil order, parent material and climate, showed soil pH to range from 4.9 to 6.4 and exchangeable Al (0.02M CaCl2) concentrations of
Hill country cropping with no land-based equipment
Authors: Lane P.M.S. , Lee S.A. , Willoughby B.E.
Published: April 2021

A series of demonstration/proof of concept trials conducted on four sites in northern North Island hill country from 2001 over 3 years, identified practical techniques to establish a high-yielding brassica crop as part of a pasture renewal programme, using a helicopter. Practices similar to no tillage flat-land operations were identified, but they also take into account the risk associated with aerially applying fertiliser, seed and pesticides onto steep hill country. Keywords: hill country, cropping, aerial application
The development of variable rate application of fertiliser from a fixed wing topdressing aircraft
Authors: Morton J.D. , Stafford A.D. , Gillingham A.G. , Old A. , Knowles O.
Published: April 2021

New Zealand hill country has a regular requirement for application of phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) fertilisers usually as superphosphate. There are different requirements for fertiliser within farms with flatter slopes carrying more stock and needing a greater rate than steeper slopes which carry less stock. For the last 70 years aerial application of fertiliser has been mainly uniform with one rate applied over the whole area of a block or farm. As part of Clearview Innovations (PGP), Ballance Agri-Nutrients and Ministry of Primary Industry have developed a system for fixed wing aircraft to apply variable rates of fertiliser during flights across contrasting topographic areas. This system comprises a hydraulically-operated hopper gate linked to a hopper gate controller which in turn is linked to a computer and GPS guidance system, into which a fertiliser application prescription map is inputted. The prescription map uses GPS points to delineate the boundaries between areas that are flat (0-12 degrees), easy (13-25 degrees) or steep (>25 degrees), plus non-productive areas and exclusion zones. Calculated net benefits for the same amount of product applied using either variable rate (VR) or uniform rate application show an advantage of $36 to $166/ha/yr for VR rate application for low and medium fertility farms. Keywords: hill country, phosphorus fertilisers, variable rate, uniform rate