bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioassay Guided Isolation and α-Glucosidase Inhibition Studies of a New Sesquiterpene from Ochradenus aucheri
Authors: Al Rabani Hamida K.M. , Khan Ajmal , Rizvi Tania Shamim , Ali Liaqat , Hussain Javid , Mabood Fazal , Halim Sobia Ahsan , Khalid Asaad , Al-Harrasi Ahmed
Published: October 2024

Aims:

The aim of the current study was to explore the anti-diabetic potential of Ochradenus
aucheri Boiss (O. aucheri).

Methods:

All the fractions of O. aucheri were evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibition, followed by
bioassay-guided isolation which resulted in a new sesquiterpenoid, as a potential α-glucosidase inhibitor.

Results:

The preliminary screening showed that all the fractions including n-hexane (38.0 ± 1.38
μg/mL), dichloromethane (92.6 ± 6.18 μg/mL), ethyl acetate (29.2 ± 0.51 μg/mL) and n-butanol
(361.8 ± 5.80 μg/mL) displayed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The activity-directed
fractionation and purification of ethyl acetate fraction led to the isolation of one new sesquiterpenoid,
Jardenol (1), and two known metabolites: β-stitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) and
β-Sitosterol (3). To the best of our knowledge, these metabolites have not been isolated from this
plant previously. The structure of the new metabolite 1 was confirmed through 1D and 2D NMR
spectroscopy, and MS analysis. Compound 1 showed significant α-glucosidase inhibition with an
IC50 value of 138.2 ± 2.43 μg/mL as compared to positive control acarbose (IC50 = 942.0 ± 0.60
μg/mL). Additionally, in-silico docking was employed to predict the binding mechanism of compound
1 in the active site of the target enzyme, α-glucosidase. The docking results suggested that
the compound forms strong interactions at the catalytic site of α-glucosidase.

Conclusion:

The results of the present study indicated that the newly purified secondary metabolite,
Jardenol, can be a promising anti-diabetic compound.
Development and Validation of LC-MS Method for Determination of Genotoxic Impurity N, O-Dimethyl Hydroxylamine by Chemical Derivatization in Investigational Drug Substance
Authors: Shah Siddharth , Shah Umang , Patel Mehul , Patel Swayamprakash , Solanki Nilay
Published: October 2024

Background:

Conventional chromatographic techniques and direct analysis pose challenges
in detecting certain potential genotoxic impurities, primarily due to factors such as the
absence of a chromophore, low molecular weight, and insufficient chromatographic retention
caused by high polarity. One such compound, N, O-Dimethyl Hydroxylamine, is of particular concern
due to its structural similarity to Hydroxylamine, a recognized genotoxic impurity.

Method:

In response to this challenge, this article proposes a rapid derivatization approach utilizing
Dansyl Chloride, coupled with Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) for the
detection of the derivatized product in the investigational drug substance. To preserve confidentiality,
the specific name and structure of the drug substance have not been disclosed.

Results:

The developed method exhibits a reliable range of detection spanning from 5 ppm to 60
ppm with respect to a nominal drug substance concentration of 10 mg/mL. Throughout the
method validation process, it demonstrated specificity, sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, and repeatability.

Conclusion:

This methodology presents a versatile solution applicable in scenarios where N, ODimethyl
Hydroxylamine serves as a reagent in the synthesis process of drug substances.
A Compendium on Various Traditional Plants Used in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mehla Shefali , Sharma Anjali , Mittal Vishnu , Sharma Devkant
Published: October 2024

Background:

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus has escalated globally, posing a significant
public health challenge. While modern pharmacological interventions are available, there is
growing interest in traditional medicinal agents as alternative or complementary treatments for diabetes.

Aims and Objectives:

This study aims to identify and evaluate the efficacy of conventional drugs in
the treatment of diabetes, particularly focusing on herbal plants used in various traditional medicines.
The primary objectives include identifying anti-diabetic herbal plants, evaluating their efficacy, and
conducting docking studies to assess their anti-diabetic actions.

Methodology:

Relevant databases are searched to compile a comprehensive list of herbal plants with
documented anti-diabetic properties. Information on each plant, including its botanical name, family,
and components used, is collected. Evaluation of efficacy is conducted through a literature review
and analysis of reported studies. Docking studies are performed to assess the molecular interactions
between the active components of herbal plants and targets related to diabetes.

Results and Discussion:

The study has identified a range of traditional medicinal plants with potential
anti-diabetic properties. Various botanical species from diverse families have been documented for
their effectiveness in managing diabetes symptoms. The evaluation of efficacy suggests promising
outcomes for several herbal plants in controlling blood sugar levels and improving metabolic functions.
Docking studies reveal potential molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-diabetic actions of
these plants, providing insights into their therapeutic effects.

Conclusion:

The findings highlight the potential of herbal plants as alternative or complementary
treatments for diabetes. Further research and clinical trials are warranted to validate the efficacy and
safety of these plants in diabetic management. Integrating traditional medicines into conventional
diabetes care may offer additional therapeutic options and improve outcomes for patients.
Modified Release Interpenetrating Polymeric Network Hydrogel Beads of Montelukast Sodium Via Box Behnken Design
Authors: Basu Biswajit , Dutta Ayon , Ash Dipanjana , Rathod Ashish J. , Prajapati Bhupendra G. , Mukherjee Swarupananda
Published: October 2024

Background:

Interpenetrating Polymeric Networks (IPN) are cross-linked polymeric alloys
developed when two or more cross-linked polymers inter-penetratingly entangle. Interpenetrating
polymeric networks possess several benefits including stability, biocompatibility, biodegradability,
high swelling ability, and modified release efficiency.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to design stable, control-released montelukast sodium-loaded IPN hydrogel
beads as a promising approach toward drug delivery.

Objective:

The goal of the present work was to develop Chitosan (swellable polymer) and glutaraldehyde
(cross-linker) based modified (controlled) released montelukast sodium IPN hydrogel beads.

Methods:

The montelukast sodium IPN hydrogel beads were prepared via the precipitation method,
and the final batch of IPN hydrogel beads was based on particle size, percent entrapment efficiency,
area of swelling, and cumulative percent drug release using an overlay plot in Box-Behnken design.
Compatibility studies (DSC, FT-IR) and microscopical observation (SEM) confirmed the compatibility
and sphericity of the formulations.

Results:

The optimized (comprising 2.01% chitosan and 0.48% glutaraldehyde) IPN hydrogel beads
having satisfactory particle size (817.76±54.49 μm), good entrapment efficiency (71.36±3.04%), and
area of swelling (27.00±1.68 mm2) showed swelling and pH-dependent controlled montelukast release
(92.96±1.05%) after 12 h with longer duration of action.

Conclusion:

The prepared montelukast sodium IPN hydrogel beads could be a potent control-released
drug delivery vehicle.
Dry-feed Added Quercetin Mitigates Cyclophosphamide-induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Gonadal Fibrosis in Adult Male Rats
Authors: Olofinnade Anthony T. , Ajifolawe Oladotun B. , Onaolapo Olakunle J. , Onaolapo Adejoke Y.
Published: October 2024

Background:

Cyclophosphamide (CYP), a widely used cancer chemotherapeutic agent has been linked with male gonadotoxicity, resulting in infertility. The notion that potent antioxidants could be beneficial in mitigating CYP-induced gonadotoxicity necessitated this research. Therefore, we examined the effects of feed-added quercetin on CYP-induced gon-adotoxicity in male rats.

Methods:

Male postpubertal rats were randomly assigned into six groups of 10 rats each. The normal control (fed standard rodent diet) and two groups fed quercetin-supplemented diet at 100 and 200 mg/kg of feed received normal saline intraperitoneally at 2 ml/kg daily. A fourth group which served as the CYP control (fed standard rodent diet) and the last two groups fed quercetin at 100 and 200 mg/kg of feed were administered CYP at 150 mg/kg/day. Rats were administered normal saline or CYP intraperitoneally on days 1 and 2, while standard diet or feed-added quercetin was administered daily for 21 days. On day 22, half of the animals were either sacrificed or paired with age-matched females for fertility assessment. Estimation of testosterone levels, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory markers, and histomorphological examination of the testis and epididymis was also assessed.

Results:

The administration of CYP was associated with weight loss, decreased food intake, decreased antioxidant capacity, increased gonadosomatic index, increased lipid peroxidation, sub-fertility, and histological evidence of gonadal injury. However, administration of querce-tin reversed CYP-induced changes.

Conclusion:

The result of this study suggests that dietary quercetin supplementation has the ability to mitigate CYP induced gonadotoxicity and mitigate subfertility in male rats. How-ever, further studies are required to assess its possible use in humans.
Molecular Docking, Pharmacophore Modeling and ADMET Prediction of Novel Heterocyclic Leads as Glucokinase Activators
Authors: Mehra Anuradha , Mittal Amit , Singh Shivangi
Published: October 2024

Background:

A pivotal impetus has driven the development of numerous small molecules aiming to improve therapeutic strategies for type 2 diabetes. Glucokinase (GK) activation has been offered a new realm of therapeutic antidiabetic activity with novel heter-ocyclic derivatives. In the context of antidiabetic drug design, GK is an interesting and newly validated target. A key enzyme needed for blood glucose homeostasis is Glucokinase, which is dysfunctional in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Heterocyclic derivatives are utilized in this innovative approach to activate GK enzymes as medicinal agents that will significantly improve type 2 diabetes management.

Objective:

To address type 2 diabetes, as well as minimize unwanted side effects, this research endeavor aimed to develop activators of glucokinase.

Methods:

A rigorous scrutiny was conducted of the Maybridge online repository, which houses a formidable collection of 53,000 lead compounds. A collection of 125 compounds that contain the thiazolidinedione core was selected from this extensive collection. The struc-tures were generated using ChemDraw 2D, stabilized conformation with ChemBioDraw Ul-tra, and docked using Auto Dock Vina 1.5.6 in this methodology. In addition, log P was pre-dicted online using the Swiss ADME algorithm. The PKCSM software was used to predict the toxicity of the leading compounds.

Results:

The highest binding affinity was found for AS72 and AS108 to GK receptors. GI absorption and excretion of these compounds were efficient due to Lipinski's Rule of Five compliance. When compared with the standard drugs Dorzagliatin (GKA) and MRK (co-crys-tallized ligand), these substances demonstrated a notable lack of AMES toxicity, skin sensiti-zation, and hepatotoxicity.

Conclusion:

In recent studies, lead molecules that possess enhanced pharmacokinetic profiles, increased binding affinity, and lower toxicity were developed to act as glucokinase activators.
The Second Hyper-Zagreb Index and Coindex of Chemical Nanostructures
in Drugs
Authors: Alsharafi Mohammed , Zeren Yusuf , Ahmed Haifa , Alameri Abdu
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Various dendrimer nanoparticles have properties like multivalency,
controlled size, and surface functionality that make them promising nanocarriers for targeted drug
delivery and other applications in pharmaceutical sciences. The precise tunability of dendrimers is
an advantage over other nanoparticles. The topological descriptors can be used to predict the
physicochemical properties of dendrimers and optimize their branching pattern for specific
applications. The second hyper-Zagreb index and co-index are computed for various chemical
structures, including dendrimers, to facilitate the correlation between their structure and biological
activity.

Method:

In this study, the second Hyper-Zagreb index and second Hyper-Zagreb polynomials were
calculated for various chemical structures, such as the molecular graph of poly(propyl) ether imine
dendrimer PETIM, nanostar dendrimer (D3[p]), polypropylenimine octaamine dendrimer (NS1[p])
and (NS2[p]), polymer dendrimer (NS3[p]) and NS5[p]), fullerene dendrimer (NS4[p]), and other
classes of dendrimers.

Result:

By computing formulae and analyzing data and figures, we obtained new insights into the
features of structure-property connections for these types of compounds of nanostar dendrimers.

Conclusion:

The results can be used to optimize the properties of dendrimers for specific
applications.
Mapping World: A Comparative Analysis of Functionality and Usability between QGIS and ArcGIS
Authors: Hazra Subhajit , Bora Kundan Singh , Singh Preet Amol
Published: October 2024

The current review conducts a comprehensive comparison of Quantum GIS (QGIS)
and ArcGIS in the context of healthcare applications, aiming to assist users in selecting the
most appropriate GIS platform for their specific needs. Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
are essential tools in healthcare, providing capabilities for spatial analysis, disease mapping,
and resource allocation. Driven by the need to improve healthcare delivery and public health
strategies, this study compares the functionalities, costs, and support systems of QGIS and
ArcGIS. The major objective is to determine which GIS platform offers the best balance of
cost-efficiency and performance across various healthcare scenarios. The methodology encompasses
a detailed comparative analysis, incorporating quantitative data from user satisfaction
surveys, performance evaluations, and real-world case studies. Findings reveal that QGIS, as
an open-source GIS software, is highly cost-effective and customizable, making it particularly
advantageous for budget-limited projects and smaller organizations requiring flexibility. Its extensibility
via plugins and robust user community fosters continuous innovation and improvement.
QGIS proves exceptionally effective in healthcare applications such as disease mapping
and accessibility analysis, where customization and cost-efficiency are critical. Conversely,
ArcGIS is distinguished by its advanced analytical capabilities and strong performance in handling
complex, large-scale studies. Its sophisticated tools and comprehensive spatial analysis
functionalities are essential for thorough healthcare research and planning. Although ArcGIS
incurs higher costs, its extensive feature set, professional support, and exhaustive documentation
justify the investment for large organizations and research institutions engaged in detailed
GIS projects. In conclusion, both QGIS and ArcGIS exhibit significant strengths in key
healthcare applications. QGIS excels in affordability and flexibility, while ArcGIS provides
superior analytical power and support for extensive projects. Future research should focus on
integrating real-time data and enhancing user experience to further optimize GIS applications
in healthcare.
National gender equality and sex differences in Machiavellianism across countries
Authors: Confino Dan , Ghisletta Paolo , Stoet Gijsbert , Falomir-Pichastor Juan M.
Published: October 2024

Machiavellianism is characterized by a focus on self-interest and a desire to achieve personal goals at any cost. Research consistently found that, on average, men score higher on Machiavellianism than women. However, the factors contributing to this sex difference remain unclear. The present research examined whether sex differences in Machiavellianism vary across countries and whether national levels of gender inequality are related to these differences. We analyzed Machiavellianism scores of 56,936 adults across 48 countries. We operationalized gender inequality at national level using two indices (the Gender Inequality Index and the Global Gender Gap Index) and assessed Machiavellianism at the individual level using the MACH-IV scale. Multilevel modeling indicated that men scored higher in Machiavellianism than women, with a larger sex difference in countries with higher levels of gender equality, irrespective of the gender inequality index used. This pattern emerged because women’s MACH-IV scores decreased as national gender equality increased, whereas men’s scores remained stable. We discuss the relevance of these findings for the literature on sex differences in personality and gender equality paradox.
Stakeholders’ perception: E-Learning initiatives in school education of Rajasthan state in the course of COVID-19
Authors: Gure Gobind Singh , Bhatt Mihir
Published: October 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic led to increased adoption of e-learning in academic institutions, leading to the adoption of digital learning initiatives in Rajasthan. Projects-like SMILE, ‘Shikshadarshan - Educational T-DD Rajasthan’, ‘Shikshavani - Education via Radio’, ‘Hawamahal- Joyful Saturday program’, and ‘YouTube Rajiv Gandhi Career Portal’ were implemented. This study aimed to understand stakeholders’ perceptions of e-learning initiatives in Rajasthan and the global transformation of the education system. A descriptive survey conducted on 308 stakeholders from five government schools in Dungarpur district. The study reveals that 89% of students in Rajasthan state use smartphones for online classes, using WhatsApp video links, e-Raksha apps, YouTube, and open learning sources like Google. However, students often need help with language problems in content provided through e-learning initiatives, possibly due to the absence of their local language. Teachers are aware of e-learning initiatives but must be fully aware of them. Many teachers believe digital teaching-learning approaches make teaching plans and assessments more complex than face-to-face teaching. Parents and community members agree that their children can adopt e-learning comfortably, but 63% are unsatisfied with e-learning during COVID-19. Most participants agree that face-to-face teaching is better than e-learning and that the focus should be on face-to-face learning. The government should consider local languages for online videos and live programs. The department should include training programs for online learning resources in post-service education and teacher training to implement effective online education.
Suicidal behavior of cancer patients
Authors: Bisaliev R. V.
Published: October 2024

Objective: to analyze current data on the problem of suicidal behavior of cancer patients.Materials and methods: the analysis of 49 sources of domestic and foreign authors was carried out. The search was carried out in special medical resources, namely: RusMed, Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science. In addition, electronic libraries such as eLibrary were involved.RU, CyberLeninka and the Library of dissertations and abstracts of Russia dslib.net.Results: the theoretical analysis of scientific research has shown a significant level of prevalence of suicidal behavior in cancer patients. It should be noted that to date there are no specific scientifically based guidelines for the prevention of suicide and suicidal thoughts among cancer patients.Conclusion: preventive strategies are proposed, which show the importance of screening suicidal behavior in the general medical network in view of the high incidence of suicides to specialists.
A case of severe combined pathology in a late premature infant with hypoxic-ischemic damage to the central nervous system
Authors: Kravchenko L. V. , Kasyan M. S. , Berezhanskaya S. B. , Afonin A. A. , Gerasimenko A. P. , Krukier I. I. , Levkovich M. A. , Puzikova O. Z. , Panova I. V. , Sozaeva D. I. , Moskovkina A. V.
Published: October 2024

A clinical observation of severe combined pathology in a late premature infant with hypoxic-ischemic damage to the central nervous system is presented. The extremely unfavorable effect of maternal pathology, in particular diabetes mellitus, on the intrauterine condition of the fetus has been demonstrated, which led to the birth of a premature baby, with the subsequent development of hypoxic-ischemic damage to the central nervous system, intraventricular non-traumatic hemorrhages, diabetic fetopathy, hyperbilirubinemia and the implementation of the infectious process. This case demonstrates that a late premature infant has a combined pathology, which is the basis for using a multidisciplinary approach in their management. Despite the fact that late premature newborns at the time of birth have anthropometric data comparable to full-term ones, they have higher morbidity rates in the early neonatal period. Neonatologists must be wary of this group of children in order to timely determine the scope of the complex of therapeutic measures.
Features of correction of disorders of the digestive system in children with reactive asthenic syndrome
Authors: Levchin A. M. , Ershova I. B. , Rogovtsova A. G.
Published: October 2024

Objective: to study the features of the digestive system in children with reactive asthenic syndrome and correction of disorders using a comprehensive integration program.Materials and methods: a prospective cohort non-randomized study of 419 children of primary school age was conducted. The main group consists of 128 children living in the territory of active hostilities. Control group — 291 children outside the zone of active hostilities. A full examination was carried out before and 6 months after the start of the comprehensive integration rehabilitation program. All children were collected complaints, anamnesis, analysis of outpatient records, objective examination, examination of the motor-evacuation function of the gastrointestinal tract.Results: all children of the main group had complaints from the digestive system. 97 (75.78%) children were concerned about decreased appetite; 79 (61.72%) — stool disorders. Functional disorders were registered in 80 (62.50%) children of the main group, organic pathology — in 62 (48.44%). Among functional abnormalities, functional disorders of the biliary tract were in the first place (in 65 (50.78%) people). Among the organic pathology — diseases of the stomach and 12-duodenum (in 59 (46.09%) children). Peripheral electrogastroenterography revealed in most children of the main group non-impulsive contractions and discoordination of motor skills of varying degrees of severity in all parts of the gastrointestinal tract.Conclusions: the implementation of complex rehabilitation measures optimized the studied indicators with more pronounced effectiveness in children evacuated from active combat zones.
Latent sensitization as a mask of the problem of frequently ill preschool children in Rostov-on-Don
Authors: Zaitseva N. S. , Sizyakina L. P. , Kalyuzhnaya L. A. , Maltsev S. V. , Tyurina E. B. , Shvydchenko N. Y.
Published: October 2024

Objective: to identify the frequency and etiology of latent sensitization among frequently ill preschool children living in Rostov-on-Don.Materials and methods: 40 preschool-age children (5.3±1.2 years old) who are under medical supervision for frequent respiratory diseases of a protracted nature were examined. According to the nature of the clinical course, the following subgroups were identified: 1st subgroup — frequently ill children with recurrent respiratory tract pathology: adenoiditis, bronchoobstructive syndrome (n=19), 2nd subgroup — frequently ill children with different duration of episodes of acute respiratory diseases: from 3 to 5 days and from 5 to 10 days. The mandatory criterion for inclusion in the group was the absence of hereditary burden due to allergic pathology. All patients underwent an allergological examination, including the determination with the help of an automatic immunochemiluminescent analyzer (Immuno CAP 100 Phadia AB, Switzerland) of specific blood IgE to the antigens of Timothy's meadow, rPh1 p1, Phl p 5; antigens of Altenaria alternata, rAlt a1; antigens of ragweed, nAmb a1; to the antigens of wormwood nArt v1.Results: sensitization to the main allergens that are causally significant for the region is formed in 33–74% of cases in frequently ill preschool children living in Rostov-on-Don. The main causally significant allergen, sensitization to which is diagnosed in most of the subjects, is the major fraction of Ragweed Ragweed (nAmb a1). Sensitization to the major fraction of the common Wormwood allergen (nArt v1) is not diagnosed in a monovariant, but always accompanies hypersensitivity to high Ragweed ragweed.Conclusions: the presence of concomitant pathology of the respiratory tract in the form of adenoiditis, bronchoobstructive syndrome, as well as a long (more than 5 days) course of frequently recurrent acute respiratory diseases is a factor indicating a high probability of latent sensitization in frequently ill preschool children, which is formed in 33-74% of cases. It is recommended that frequently ill children with symptoms of recurrent respiratory tract pathology perform allergodiagnostics with the identification of specific IgE to the main causally significant allergens for the region.
Recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis in the graft
Authors: Pak E. S. , Petrova T. M. , Korobka R. V. , Ushakov A. A. , Kucherenko O. B. , Katsiyaev V. Yu. , Bukhtin O. V.
Published: October 2024

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a disease characterized by inflammation, fibrosis and obliteration of both intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts, accompanied by cholestasis, with further outcome in biliary cirrhosis of the liver, cholangiocarcinoma. The pathogenesis of the disease is poorly understood, but, according to various sources, it involves genetic factors, innate and adaptive immunity mechanisms, the toxic effects of hydrophobic bile acids and, possibly, intestinal dysbiosis. The strong association with inflammatory bowel disease is associated with a significantly increased risk of colorectal cancer, which, along with cholangiocarcinoma, represents the most significant diagnostic challenge in the long-term management of PSC. The diagnosis of PSC is established based on the identification of typical cholangiographic lesions of the bile ducts and the exclusion of secondary causes of sclerosing cholangitis. Complex pathophysiology, heterogeneity of clinical features and the rare nature of the disease have led to the lack of effective therapy to date; there are no treatment algorithms, but a course of ursodeoxycholic acid in doses of 17–23 mg/kg/day can be prescribed for up to a year in order to monitor the dynamics of the decrease in levels serum alkaline phosphatase. A number of drugs are under investigation, including FXR (farnesoid X receptor) agonists with choleretic and antimicrobial properties. Clinically significant stenoses can be successfully treated with interventional endoscopy, but liver transplantation (LT) is currently the only curative treatment with a high survival rate. According to various literature data, 20–25% of patients develop disease relapse in the graft. Our case report of recurrent PSC in a patient 5 years after orthotopic LT provides an overview of management options from a practical, patient-centered perspective.
Importance of ferritin research in clinical practice
Authors: Shatokhin Yu. V. , Snezhko I. V. , Burnasheva E. V. , Ryabikina E. V. , Degtereva E. V.
Published: October 2024

Serum ferritin (SF) is typically present in serum at concentrations directly related to iron (Fe) storage and is therefore traditionally used as an indicator of Fe levels in body tissues. Reducing its level is the “gold standard” for diagnosing widespread iron deficiency conditions. No less significant is hyperferritinemia — a nonspecific syndrome that occurs when Fe reserves are overloaded, a number of immunoinflammatory, infectious, oncological diseases, liver diseases, etc. In many pathological conditions, the level of SF determines the severity and prognosis of the disease. Ferritin concentrations greater than 1000 ng/mL, regardless of cause, have been shown to be associated with higher mortality. The reason for the increase in the level of SF in liver pathologies (cancer, hepatitis, cirrhosis) is associated with the process of its release from hepatocytes during their destruction. On the other hand, excessive synthesis and/or cellular secretion of ferritin occurs under the influence of various stimuli (cytokines, oxidative stress, hypoxia, oncogenes and growth factors). The interpretation of elevated ferritin values goes far beyond the role of an indicator of replenishment of Fe stores in tissues. Only 10% of cases of hyperferritinemia are associated with iron overload; in most patients, it is defined as the result of the acute phase and a reactive increase in ferritin levels against the background of any disease. The variety of symptoms of iron deficiency syndromes and hyperferritinemia is due to the involvement of many organs and systems, which requires a thorough examination (study of complaints, anamnesis, family and concomitant diseases, as well as the necessary laboratory and instrumental studies) to search for possible causes. Systemic Fe homeostasis must be closely monitored on a regular basis. It is required to comply with the conditions for blood sampling for SF. Reference values for SF concentrations vary depending on the analytical methods used and the population studied. Age and gender play an important role. Given the range of reference values, it is important for a particular patient to focus on the initial level of his ferritin, determined against the background of health and well-being during clinical observation.
Morning conference in the therapeutic clinic: importance in the professional education of young specialists
Authors: Ponomareva E. Yu. , Rebrov A. P. , Nikitina N. M.
Published: October 2024

The article discusses a morning conference in a multidisciplinary therapeutic hospital as one of the effective and concentrated forms of professional education and the formation of clinical thinking among young specialists. The department's staff members' own experience of conducting morning conferences at a multidisciplinary hospital is presented. Among the many functions of the morning conference, emphasis was placed on the educational role in the process of training clinical residents and senior medical students. The role of duty was discussed with the presentation of the results at the morning conference, the possibility of analyzing lethal outcomes, clinical and anatomical comparison, and deontological aspects.
Aspects of arterial hypertension in young adults with obesity
Authors: Novak V. D. , Haisheva L. A.
Published: October 2024

The global prevalence of hypertension and obesity continues to rise, affecting increasingly young people. Obesity causes hypertension through a variety of mechanisms, including sympathetic nervous system activation, renin angiotensin aldosterone system, fluid and electrolyte dysregulation, inflammation, and adipokine imbalance. In turn, arterial hypertension can exacerbate obesity by altering metabolic pathways and increasing appetite. The pathophysiological features of hypertension are different between young overweight women and men. We performed a non-systematic literature review to thoroughly investigate mechanisms of pathogenetic interaction and mutual aggravation of high blood pressure and body mass index. The literature was reviewed from 2004 to the present in Russian and English using the PubMed Central, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar platforms, as well as a search in the archives of the journals Circulation and Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention using the keywords listed below.
The impact of lipoprotein (a) levels on long-term outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome and single-vessel coronary artery disease
Authors: Namitokov A. M. , Kruchinova S. V. , Gendugova M. N. , Gradovskaya M. V. , Gilevich I. V.
Published: October 2024

Objective: to evaluate the impact of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] levels on long-term outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and single-vessel coronary artery disease. Materials and methods: the study included 110 patients diagnosed with ACS and single-vessel coronary artery disease. Patients were divided into two groups based on Lp(a) levels: Lp(a) > 50 mg/dL (n=22) and Lp(a) < 50 mg/dL (n=88). Primary outcomes included survival and the frequency of recurrent cardiovascular events at 6, 12, and 36 months. Statistical analysis included t-test, chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox multivariate regression. Results: at 36 months, patients with high Lp(a) levels had significantly higher rates of recurrent myocardial infarctions (50% vs. 34.1%, p < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (59.1% vs. 23.9%, p < 0.001) compared to patients with normal Lp(a) levels. Conclusion: high Lp(a) levels are a significant prognostic factor for worse long-term outcomes in patients with ACS and single-vessel coronary artery disease. Measuring Lp(a) levels may improve management strategies for these patients.
Transtorno de personalidade borderline
Authors: Canal Renata
Published: October 2024

Este artigo teve como objetivo aprofundar os estudos sobre o transtorno de personalidade borderline, do ponto de vista da psicologia analítica, e compreender a dinâmica da psique nos pacientes portadores de tal condição, por meio da ampliação da mitologia africana. A partir do estudo de autores junguianos e pós-junguianos, foi feito um paralelo simbólico do atendimento de pacientes com transtorno de personalidade borderline, por meio dos itãs (histórias) iorubás dos orixás Nanã, Oxalá e Obaluaê, apresentando ainda a ausência paterna de Oxalá e o aspecto guerreiro de Obaluaê. Iemanjá foi trazida como o aspecto materno positivo, da Grande Mãe, sendo ela a figura que acolhe e cuida do filho rejeitado, permitindo a ampliação e a correlação entre as figuras da mãe e do terapeuta. A mitologia africana, diferentemente da grega, pode ser vivida e experienciada, seja na clínica, no centro de umbanda ou no terreiro de candomblé. Apesar de o Brasil ser um país diverso e plural, o preconceito e o racismo sobre as religiões de matrizes africanas permeiam e atravessam a coletividade. Estudar e experenciar os mitos é acessar uma possibilidade de transformação.
Development of MyREADY Transition BBD Mobile App, a Health Intervention Technology Platform, to Improve Care Transition for Youth With Brain-Based Disabilities: User-Centered Design Approach
Authors: Marelli Ariane , Rozenblum Ronen , Bolster-Foucault Clara , Via-Dufresne Ley Alicia , Maynard Noemie , Amaria Khush , Galuppi Barb , Strohm Sonya , Nguyen Linda , Dawe-McCord Claire , Putterman Connie , Kovacs Adrienne H , Gorter Jan Willem
Published: October 2024

Background

Transition from pediatric to adult health care varies and is resource intensive. Patient-centered health information technology (HIT) interventions are increasingly being developed in partnership with patients.

Objective

This study aims to develop an internet-based mobile app intervention for patients with brain-based disabilities to improve transition in care readiness.

Methods

The app was designed for patients aged 15 to 17 years with brain-based disabilities having the ability to use a mobile app. A multidisciplinary team, an industry partner, and a patient and family advisory council was assembled. We hypothesized that existing tools could be migrated into the app to address education, empowerment, and navigation. We used cognitive learning theory to support chapters targeting transition in care skill sets. We used the agile iterative methodology to engage stakeholders.

Results

We developed a novel MyREADY Transition HIT platform. An electronic mentor supported cognitive learning with messaging, quizzes, rewards, and videos. We used gaming to guide navigation through a fictitious health care city. Adapting existing tools was achieved by the patient and family advisory council requesting personalization. Our iterative design required time-consuming back-end technology management. Developing the platform took 24 months instead of our grant-approved 12 months, impacting the onset of the planned trial within the allotted budget.

Conclusions

A novel patient-centered HIT platform to improve health care transition was successfully developed in partnership with patients and industry. Careful resource management was needed to achieve timely delivery of the end product, flagging the cautious planning required to deliver HIT tools in time for the much-needed trials informing their clinical application.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03852550; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03852550
Moringa oleifera leaf extract ameliorates collagen degradation via the inhibition of MMP‐3 expression in UVB‐induced rats
Authors: Rachmania Riska , Sumarawati Titiek , Putra Agung , Hidayah Nurul , Alif Iffan , Husain Sofian Azalia , Mukti Ade Indra , Suryajaya Reynaldi , Azzahara Salma Yasmine
Published: October 2024

Prolonged exposure to high‐intensity UVB induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in skin tissue, triggering an increase in matrix metalloproteinase‐3 (MMP‐3) enzyme production and leading to collagen degradation. Moringa oleifera (MO) contains bioactive compounds known for ROS‐scavenging and anti‐inflammatory properties. However, the precise molecular mechanism of action remains unclear, requiring the inhibition of MMP‐3 activation and regulation of collagen deposition. This study aims to elucidate the potential effect of MO leaf extract‐based gel in restoring collagen deposition by reducing MMP‐3 activation in UVB irradiate‐induced collagen loss in rats. This study employed a completely randomized design, comprising four groups: a healthy group without UVB radiation, a negative control group subjected to UVB radiation and receiving a placebo, and two treatment groups exposed to UVB radiation with 5% or 10% moringa leaf extract‐based gel (MO‐5% or MO‐10%), respectively. Results showed that MO‐5% and MO‐10% significantly reduced MMP‐3 gene expression and increased collagen density compared to the negative control group (p < 0.05). Moringa oleifera leaf extract ameliorates collagen degradation by inhibiting MMP‐3 expression in UVB‐induced rats, suggesting its potential as a pharmacological and cosmetic agent for UVB‐induced skin damage.
Improving transient gene expression and agroinfiltration‐based transformation effectiveness in Indonesian orchid Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume
Authors: Primasiwi Dionysia Heviarie , Purwestri Yekti Asih , Semiarti Endang
Published: October 2024

Transient gene expression is an approach used to study transient genes across various species, with infiltration by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (agroinfiltration) being a commonly used method. Agroinfiltration offers a simple and effective means of delivering transgenes into the plant genome. An alternative method for enhancing the quality and productivity of orchids as ornamental plants is genetic modification through agroinfiltration. Although Agrobacterium‐mediated genetic transformation by immersion has been used on the Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume species of orchid, transformation efficiency using the immersion technique remains relatively low and the method itself is challenging due to its requirement for aseptic handling. The application of agroinfiltration in P. amabilis has not previously been reported. This study investigates the impact of the injection site, acetosyringone concentration, bacterial density (OD600), and injection volume to determine the optimum conditions for agroinfiltration on P. amabilis. The results demonstrated that injection site had a noticeably distinct impact on transformation effectiveness, with the abaxial position of the leaf being the optimal site for Agrobacterium culture suspension injection. While adjustments in acetosyringone concentration, bacterial density (OD600), and injection volume did not significantly affect transformation efficiency, they did influence the peak time of GFP fluorescence. Acetosyringone at a concentration of 200 µM, an OD600 of 1.0 for Agrobacterium culture, and an injection volume of 500 µL effectively accelerated GFP expression duration.
Microwave-Assisted, Preparation, Characterization, and Biological Activities of Schiff Bases Derived from 4-Aminoantipyrine with Acetonyl Acetone for Some New Rare-Earth Metals
Authors: Hussein Kawther Adeeb , Shaalan Naser , Faeq Marwa
Published: October 2024

Five new lanthanide complexes based on azomethine (Schiff bases) ligands have been synthesized, including La, Nd, Er, Gd, and Dy. Complexes were synthesized using the azomethine Schiff bases resulting from condensation reactions between 4-aminoantipyrine and acetonylacetone. The structural characteristics of azomethine obtained are characterized quantitatively and qualitatively through various techniques, including elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibility measurement, molar conductivity, infrared, ultraviolet absorption, GC-mass, and 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy studies. The structural characteristics of Ln+3 complexes indicate that the complexes possess a composition of a specific type. Based on the elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibility measurement, molar conductivity, and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy data, it can be inferred that the central metal ion is surrounded by a coordination number of 10, the general formula of [Ln(L)2(NO3)]·nNO3nH2O. The physical measurements confirmed that the synthesized complexes exhibit non-electrolyte behavior and paramagnetic properties. The antibacterial activity of the compounds was assessed in vitro against 4 pathogenic strains: E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, and S. mutans. The evaluation was conducted using the agar disc spreading method. The results demonstrated that certain complexes exhibited significant antibacterial efficacy in comparison to the biological activity of the ligand.
Non-enzymatic Determination of Glucose in Artificial Urine Using 3D-µPADs through Silver Nanoparticles Formation
Authors: Fahmi Ahmad Luthfi , 'Aisy Kamila Rohadatul , Wulandari Ika Oktavia , Sulistyarti Hermin , Sabarudin Akhmad
Published: October 2024

Patients with diabetes often experience blood glucose fluctuations, making monitoring crucial. Traditional blood sampling methods pose risks of infection and pain. An alternative non-invasive approach using urine tests has been explored. Recent studies highlight microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) as convenient, simple, and easily fabricated tools for non-invasive glucose measurement. This study aims to develop a concept of measuring glucose in artificial urine using 3D-µPADs in a non-enzymatic manner by utilizing glucose as a reducing agent for silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) formation. Embedding three-dimensional connectors in µPADs links the sample and detection zones to limit reagent mixing and improve glucose detection resolution. The optimal conditions were NaOH 10 M, starch 1%, and AgNO3 30 mM, with sample and detection zone volumes of 10 and 9 µL, respectively. The fifth reaction sequence involved AgNO3 in the detection zone and a solution of glucose, NaOH, and starch in the sample zone at 1:1:1 volume ratio. The reagent drying time was 15 min, with immobilization once and reaction time of 9 min. The method showed excellent linearity (R2 = 0.9905), precision (%RSD = 4.27%), accuracy (77.32–92.58%), and limit of detection (11.11 mg/dL).
The Study of Removal of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Particles from Wastewater through Electrocoagulation
Authors: Ramadani Azaria Ivana , Fardiyah Qonitah , Rumhayati Barlah
Published: October 2024

Plastic was produced massively, especially using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as a raw material. Unfortunately, this condition cause affects the environment, which creates a new pollutant issue. It is essential to study the removal of PVC microplastics in current water treatment processes. The study of wastewater treatment can be achieved using electrocoagulation, which has several benefits, including low-cost, simple chemicals, and accessible equipment operation. This research investigated the study of the removal of PVC microplastics from wastewater by electrocoagulation. The new potential of the electrocoagulation technique using Al-Al electrodes was studied systematically at various variations, i.e., electrolysis time, electrolyte concentration, initial pH, coagulation speed, and electrolyte type. The results showed that the PVC microplastics removal efficiency reached 100% after electrolysis for 60 min, electrolyte concentration of 0.01 mol/L, initial pH of 7, coagulation speed of 500 rpm, the type of electrolyte used was NaCl at a flocculation speed. These optimum conditions also reduced the value of turbidity of wastewater samples from 1.39 ± 0.02 to 1.10 ± 0.05 NTU. The results of this study provide an engineering perspective in optimizing operational parameters for removing PVC microplastics in aquatic environments.
Trusting the Untrustworthy: How trust is established and maintained in illicit markets and organised crime groups
Authors: Greene Catherine Alison
Published: October 2024

Illicit markets and organised crime groups are characterised by risk and uncertainty. Inherent information asymmetry and the ubiquitous threat of law enforcement and adversaries, like scammers, create an environment that where cooperation and exchange would seem unlikely. To profit in illicit markets, however, cooperation is necessary and, given the potential payoffs, illicit actors find means to overcome the barriers to collaboration. This article explores how criminal actors cooperate in what would be assumed to be an uncooperative environment. Without the usual legal mechanisms, they establish trust to mitigate against such risks. This is done by leveraging social capital, emitting signals that are cheap to emit but costly to fake and using the threat of violent sanctions. In online markets, where anonymity generates further problems for cooperation, actors also use built-in reputation systems and chat forums to mitigate risk.
The Ciudad Juárez Fire: Zemiology’s Expansion of a Criminological Analysis
Authors: Bell Grace Alexandra
Published: October 2024

The migrant detention centre fire in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico on March 27, 2023 led to 40 dead and 27 more injured. All those effected were migrants. An analysis of this tragedy from a zemiological perspective demonstrates its usefulness in deepening and expanding our understanding of its implications. This is illustrated via three points of analysis. First, zemiology explores several important harms not captured from a criminological standpoint. A key harm in this case is cultural harm. Second, zemiology holds responsible those not subjected to scrutiny by criminology’s state-centred investigation. This shines light on the United States and Mexican governments’ culpability for the fire. Finally, zemiology expands the definition of the victim. Survivors of the fire, as well as the broader migrant community, receive acknowledgement for their suffering. Finally, the implications for immigration policy are touched upon.
SELF-CONSISTENCY CONDITIONS IN STATIC THREE-BODY ELASTIC TANGENTIAL CONTACT
Authors: Willert Emanuel
Published: October 2024

The contact problem for an elastic third-body particle between two elastic half-spaces is considered. The contact is assumed to consist of three Hertzian contact spots. The normal and tangential contact problems are analyzed analytically considering partial slip in the contacts and the influence of third-body weight. Self-consistency conditions between global equilibrium and the contact solution are formulated to give criteria, under which circumstances static slip and stationary sliding are possible states for the third-body particle. The sliding case is solved in detail.