bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN ASSESSMENT OF VARIATION IN ACTIVE INGREDIENTS OF AMPUCARE FROM DIFFERENT ZONES OF INDIA
Authors: Pathak Naveen , Naithani Vijay , Singh Jasvinder , Bhole Parveen , Chaudhary Manu
Published: January 2025

The present study was designed to assess the variation in curcumin content of Curcuma longa rhizome and total polyphenols in Azadirachta indica bark samples procured from different zones of India. Physico-chemical tests such as total ash, acid insoluble ash, alcohol soluble extractive, water soluble extractive, volatile oil content etc. were also determined. A slight variation was seen in the bark samples of Azadirachta indica. Total ash ranged from 4.25±0.15 (East zone) to 5.57±0.20 (Central zone) whereas acid insoluble ash ranged from 0.80±0.07 (East zone) to 1.52±0.06 (Central zone). Alcohol soluble extractive value of East zone sample was found to be more than 4 times higher 16.95±0.80 than that of central zone 3.85±0.12, where lowest value was recorded. Water soluble extractive value was also found to be highest in East zone sample 17.80±1.10 which was 2 times more than that of Central zone sample 8.45±0.15. This variation may be due to variation in climatic conditions, soil type, pollution stress etc. All the results were within the limits as given in The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Total Polyphenols ranged from 190.0 mgGAE/g of dry weight (Central zone) to 510.0 mgGAE/g of dry weight (East zone). All the samples were found to be rich in total polyphenols. In Curcuma longa samples, Total ash ranged from 3.10±0.20 (South zone) to 4.80±0.25 (North zone) whereas acid insoluble ash ranged from 0.55±0.04 (South zone) to 1.24±0.06 (North zone). Alcohol soluble extractive value was found to be highest in South zone sample 14.80±0.30 which was found to be more than 3 times higher than that of central zone 4.28±0.19 where lowest value was recorded. Water soluble extractive value was also found to be highest in West zone sample 12.55±0.69 and lowest in Central zone sample 8.90±0.37. Volatile oil ranged from 3.50±0.21 North zone sample to 5.50±0.20 South zone sample, where highest volatile oil was recovered. All the results were within the limits as given in The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. In our study, curcumin content ranged from 0.30 % (Central zone) to 3.24 % (South zone). Average curcumin content was found to be 1.54 % on dry weight basis. Ampucare is prepared by selection of best quality herbs.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTI-MICROBIAL EVALUATION OF SOME 2-IODO-N'-[(1E)-SUBSTITUTED PHENYLMETHYLIDENE] BENZOHYDRAZIDE ANALOGUES
Authors: Harer Sunil L. , Rajurkar Vikas G. , Patil Pravin , Harer Priyanka S. , Navale Sampat D. , Awuti Sandip T. , Sonawane Anand A.
Published: January 2025

Reaction of 2-iodo benzohydrazide (1) with appropriately substituted aromatic aldehyde in glacial acetic acid yielded corresponding 2-Iodo-N'-[(1E)-Substituted Phenylmethylidene] Benzohydrazides (2). Structures of all the compounds (2) were established on the basis of elemental analysis and spectral data. These compounds were screened for anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities at 200µg/0.1ml (T1) and 400µg/0.1ml (T2). Results obtained illustrates that the compounds F, C, D and G showed highly significant response while compound H showed less significant response for anti-microbial activity at both concentrations 200µg/0.1ml (T1) and 400µg/0.1ml (T2).
SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY STUDIES OF PARACETAMOL INFUSION IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS
Authors: Payasi Anurag , Chaudhary Manu , Singh Brij Mohan , Gupta Ankush , Sehgal Rajesh
Published: January 2025

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the sub-acute toxicity of paracetamol infusion in albino wistar rats (male and female) at different dose levels, ranging from 16 to 66 mg/kg body weight. No mortality was seen in any of the treatment groups during the course of study. Various physiological, hematological as well as biochemical parameters were studied and found not to be changed significantly, indicating that paracetamol infusion is non toxic even at higher dose level in wistar rats. Overall safety and tolerability profile of paracetamol infusion is proved good and does not appear to carry risk of serious adverse effects.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ACECLOFENAC SOLID DISPERSIONS FOR DISSOLUTION RATE ENHANCEMENT
Authors: Rao B. Appa , Shivalingam M. R. , Reddy Y. V. Kishore , Rao Somesekhara , K Rajesh , Sunitha N.
Published: January 2025

Aceclofenac is a novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) having anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, and is widely used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. One of the major problems with this drug is its low solubility in biological fluids, which results into poor bioavailability after oral administration. Therefore, solid dispersions (SDs) of Aceclofenac were prepared using lactose, mannitol and urea to increase its aqueous solubility. Aceclofenac SDs was prepared in 9:1, 7:3 and 4:1 ratios of the drug to polymer (by weight). In vitro release profiles of all SDs (F-1 to F-9) were comparatively evaluated and also studied against pure Aceclofenac. Faster dissolution was exhibited by solid dispersion containing 9:1 ratio of drug: lactose. The increase in dissolution rate of the drug may be due to increase in wettability, hydrophilic nature of the carrier and due to reduction in drug crystallinity. The prepared solid dispersion was subjected for % practical yield, drug content and infrared (IR) spectroscopic studies. Absence of significant drug-carrier interaction was confirmed by infrared spectroscopic (IR) data.
ANTIBACTERIAL, CYTOTOXIC AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS FROM LEAF, BARK AND WOOD OF TECTONA GRANDIS
Authors: Krishna Mahesh S. , A. Jayakumaran Nair
Published: January 2025

The timber value of Tectona grandis has been well known from decades. Teak is a major exotic species found in tropical regions. The present study was meant to characterize pharmacological potential of different extracts from leaf, bark and wood of teak. Antibacterial activity of all extracts from Tectona grandis were checked against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 700603), hospital strains of Salmonella paratyphi and Proteus mirabilis by disc diffusion assay. Chloroform extract of leaf showed inhibition to growth of S. aureus (14 mm) and K. pneumoniae (8 mm). Cytotoxic potential of extracts were checked by MTT assay and chloroform extract of bark exhibited very high activity against chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) and human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells with 87 % and 95.3 % inhibition respectively. Antioxidant activity of extracts was checked with DPPH and ABTS+ free radical. Ethyl acetate extract of wood showed very high activity with 98.6 % inhibition against DPPH and ABTS+ free radicals. The value was higher than standard compounds used for the study.
PYRAZOLINE DERIVATIVES: A WORTHY INSIGHT INTO THE RECENT ADVANCES AND POTENTIAL PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Rahman Md. Azizur , Siddiqui Anees A.
Published: January 2025

2-Pyrazolines display a broad spectrum of potential pharmacological activities and are present in a number of pharmacologically active molecules such as phenazone/ amidopyrene/ methampyrone (analgesic and antipyretic), azolid/ tandearil (anti-inflammatory), indoxacarb (insecticide) and anturane (uricosuric). Changes in their structure have offered a high degree of diversity that has proven useful for the development of new therapeutic agents having improved potency and lesser toxicity. In this context, the recently synthesized 2-pyrazoline derivatives possessing important pharmacological activities have been highlighted.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF EPICHLOROHYDRIN CROSS-LINKED MUCOADHESIVE PATCHES OF TAMARIND SEED POLYSACCHARIDE FOR BUCCAL APPLICATION
Authors: Jana Sougata , Dibyendu Lakshman , Sen Kalyan Kumar , Basu Sanat Kumar
Published: January 2025

In this study, buccal patches of metronidazole were formulated by solvent casting method using tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP). The patches were crosslinked with epichlorohydrin and different batches were prepared following 23 factorial design. The patches were evaluated with respect to their ex-vivo drug permeation characteristics, mucoadhesive strength, folding endurance, and buccal residence time. At lower level of cross linker and plasticizer, the drug permeation was the highest (72.72%). The drug release from the patches was dominated by a dissolution-controlled mechanism rather than diffusion. The folding endurance did not vary widely (201-254), however the mucoadhesive strength (6.1-36.5 g) and the residence time (~2-6 h) deviated widely depending upon the formulation variables. The FT-IR spectroscopy revealed no interaction between drug and polymer. Thus the TSP could be a promising vehicle for the fabrication of buccal patches.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF CYCLODEXTRIN BASED BINARY SYSTEMS FOR TASTE MASKING
Authors: Birhade S. T. , Bankar V. H. , Gaikwad P. D. , Pawar S. P.
Published: January 2025

The present study was aimed to investigate the potential of cyclodextrin complexation as an approach for taste masking. For this purpose, Rizatriptan benzoate (RZBT) was selected as model drug which is having bitter taste. Taste improvement of drug by β-Cyclodextrin was done by simple complexation approach using physical and kneading mixture methods with various ratios. Taste perception study was carried out in-vitro by spectrophotometrically and in-vivo by gustatory sensation to evaluate the taste masking ability of binary complexation. The optimized taste masking ratio 1:10 of kneading mixture was selected based on bitterness score and characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) to identify the physicochemical interaction between drug and carrier and its effect on dissolution. In-vitro drug release studies for physical mixture and kneaded system were performed in pH 1.2 and 6.8 buffers. The FTIR, DSC and XRD studies indicated inclusion complexation in physical mixture and kneaded system. Both the binary systems showed effective taste masking and at the same time showed no limiting effect on the drug release. Whereas in comparison; kneading system showed better results. The results conclusively demonstrated effective taste masking by β-Cyclodextrin in both binary systems, which can be utilized as a novel alternative approach for effective taste masking.
NOVEL SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF PIROXICAM TABLETS USING IBUPROFEN SODIUM AS HYDROTROPIC SOLUBILIZING AGENTS
Authors: Maheshwari R. K. , Prasad Sita , Pandey P. , Wanare G.
Published: January 2025

The term hydrotropy has been used to designate the increase in solubility in water of various substances due to the presence of large amount of additives. Concentrated aqueous hydrotropic solutions of sodium benzoate, urea, nicotinamide, sodium salicylate, sodium ascorbate and sodium glycinate have been observed to enhance the aqueous solubility of many poorly water-soluble drugs. In the present investigation hydrotropic solubilization technique has been employed to solubilize the poorly water-soluble NSAID, piroxicam. Determination of solubilities of the drug in 1.5 M ibuprofen sodium hydrotropic solution and distilled water was carried out at 28±1°C. There was more than 50-fold enhancement in aqueous solubility of piroxicam with 1.5 M ibuprofen sodium (as compared to aqueous solubility). Therefore, it was thought worthwhile to solubilize the poorly water-soluble piroxicam from fine powder of its tablets to carryout spectrophotometric analysis at 358 nm. Ibuprofen sodium does not show any absorbance above 300 nm. Beerۥs law was obeyed in the concentration range of 5-35 μg/ml. Tablets containing piroxicam have been analyzed successfully. Recovery studies and statistical data proved the accuracy, reproducibility and the precision of the proposed method. Based on the same principle a large number of drugs having λmax above 300 nm can be estimated by 1.5 M ibuprofen sodium (inexpensive hydrotropic agent). Thus, hydrotropic solutions can be used in place of organic solvents (which are pollutants, toxic and give error due to volatility).
SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SOME SULFONAMIDE SCHIFF’S BASES
Authors: Singh Umesh K. , Pandeya Surendra N. , Sethia Sandeep K. , Pandey M. , Singh A. , Garg Anuj , Kumar Pawan
Published: January 2025

Substituted sulfonamides were reacted with different aromatic aldehydes to form Schiff’s bases. TLC ascertained the purity of synthesized compounds on silica gel G coated plates and visualized by using iodine vapour. The structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by their IR, 1H NMR spectroscopic data. The derivatives were subjected to antimicrobial activity using different bacterial strains (Klebsiella pneumoniae, gram negative bacteria and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis as gram positive bacteria with respect to Ciprofloxacin as standard antibiotics.
IN SILICO INVESTIGATION AND DOCKING STUDIES OF E2F3 TUMOR MARKER: DISCOVERY AND EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL INHIBITORS FOR PROSTATE AND BREAST CANCER
Authors: Skariyachan Sinosh , Rao Shruthi Krishnan , Biradar Usha B.
Published: January 2025

E2F3 encodes a transcription factor important for cell cycle regulation and DNA replication. It plays a significant role in the development of various types of human cancer. Genomics and proteomics features of the tumor marker have a pronounced significance in the pharmainformatics studies. The crystal structure of E2F3 is not available in any structural database; hence a 3D structure is very essential for structural studies and discovery of potential inhibitors against tumour proteins. In this study we modelled a 3D structure of E2F3 by X-ray crystal structure of Bovine Bc1 with Azoxystrobin of Bos taurus (PDB ID: 1SQB, Chain B) used as the template. Our study found that E2F3 predominantly consists of α helix. The RMSD value of modelled protein was found to be 0.5 Ao and steriochemical validation shows 86. 1% residues are in allowed region of Ramachandran plot. Further validation was done by various empirical force fields. Overall quality factor of the model identified to be 57.36 and error values of individual residues are negligible. The modeled protein was submitted to Protein Model Database and can be downloaded with PMDID 0076554.With the help of docking studies the best ligand against E2F3 was found to be Vinblastine, an antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca rosea, with binding energy -4558.33.The ligand interacts with the modeled protein at residues Glu-432, Asp-433, Tyr-434, Leu-435 and 436.The other best inhibitors identified from our study were Oncovin, Navelbine, Taxol and Taxotere. The investigation concluded that these drugs could be used as the potential inhibitors against E2F3 tumor marker in prostate and breast cancer.
A PROMISING TECHNIQUE FOR RAPID SCREENING AND CONFIRMATION OF L-GLUTAMINASE - A TUMOUR INHIBITOR FROM NOVEL PENCILLIUM EXPANSUM
Authors: P L N S N Sunil Dutt , Gurubasappa Siddalingeshwara K. , Mohanty Sudipta K. , J. Karthic , G. Shantaveer , T. Vishwanatha , Mushtaq Mohsin S. , A. Dhulappa , S. Dayananda K.
Published: January 2025

All fourteen isolates of Pencillium expansum were screened for the production of L-glutaminase. The screening of L-glutaminase producing isolates carried out by using modified Czapek Dox’s agar plate. Out of fourteen isolates the strain P. expansum KGSSD 08 were showed high and potential L-glutaminase producer. It showed maximum 1.11cm zone of diameter. Then the rapid confirmation of L-glutaminase producing Pencillium expansum KGSSD 08 were carried out by thin layer chromatography and the Rf Values were determined. The Rf value is 0.268.This Rf was close to that of standard glutamic acid.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF INTRAORAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR RASAGILINE MESYLATE
Authors: Bukka Rama , Prakasam Kalyani , Patel Chintan D.
Published: January 2025

The aim of the present work was to prepare and evaluate a buccal film for intraoral delivery of Rasagiline. Formulations were prepared using 32 full factorial design to explore the effects of carbopol P 940 and sodium alginate (as independent variables) on mucoadhesive strength and drug release (as dependent variables). In addition to the above, the prepared films were also evaluated for surface pH, percentage moisture absorption (PMA), Percentage moisture loss (PML), folding endurance and content uniformity. The release profile data was subjected to curve fitting analysis to describe the release mechanism from the buccal films. The main effects and the interaction terms were quantitatively evaluated by quadratic model. The Rasagiline release was decreased with increase in both the polymers. Carbopol has more pronounced effect than sodium alginate on the mucoadhesive strength. The objective of the study is to optimize formulation with desirable mucoadhesive strength and drug release. The experimented values are in good agreement with expected values for the optimized formulation which demonstrate the feasibility of the model in the development of buccal film.
BENZOTHIAZOLE: DIFFERENT METHODS OF SYNTHESIS AND DIVERSE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Yadav P S , Prakash Dev , Senthilkumar G P
Published: January 2025

Substituted 1, 3-benzothiazole derivatives are an important class of heterocyclic compounds. In recent years heterocyclic compounds analogues and derivatives have attracted strong interest due to their biological and pharmacological properties. The benzothiazole nucleus containing compounds involved in research aimed at evaluating new products that possess biological activities, such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antifungal, anthelmintic, anti-diabetic, amyloid imagining agents and anticancer agents. The present review focus on the different methods of synthesis of substituted benzothiazoles with potential activities that are now in developing phase.
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FAST DISINTEGRATING TABLET OF ACECLOFENAC BY USING SUBLIMATION METHOD
Authors: Gaur Kalpesh , Tyagi Lalit K. , Kori M. L. , Sharma C. S. , Nema R. K.
Published: January 2025

In the present work, fast disintegrating tablets of Aceclofenac were prepared by subliming method with a view to enhance patient compliance. In this paper, two super-disintegrants, viz., crospovidone and sodium starch glycolate were used in different ratio (2-8 % w/w) with camphor (30 % w/w) as subliming agent. The prepared batches of tablets were evaluated for thickness, weigh variation, hardness, friability, drug content uniformity, wetting time, water absorption ratio, in-vitro disintegration time and in-vitro drug release. Based on disintegration time (approximately 21 second), three formulations were tested for the in-vitro drug release pattern (in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer). Among the three promising formulations, the formulation prepared by using 8% w/w of crospovidone and emerged as the overall best formulation based on the in-vitro drug release characteristics.
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MATRIX AND TRIPLE-LAYER MATRIX TABLETS FOR CONTROLLED DELIVERY OF METOPROLOL TARTRATE
Authors: Syed Izhar Ahmed , Mangamoori Lakshmi Narsu , Rao Yamsani Madhusudan
Published: January 2025

In the present study matrix and triple layer matrix tablets of metoprolol tartrate were formulated by using xanthan gum as the matrix forming agent and Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (Na CMC) as barrier layers. The prepared tablets were analysed for their hardness, friability, drug content and in-vitro drug release studies. Marked differences in dissolution characteristics of (M3) and (M3L3) were observed and showed a significant difference statistically. Mean dissolution time (MDT) for M3 and M3L3 were found to be 4.02h and 12.75h, while dissolution efficiency (DE8%) decreased, indicating that the release of metoprolol tartrate is slower from triple layer matrix tablets. The finding of the study indicated that the matrix tablets prolonged the release, but predominantly in a first order kinetics. Layering with Na CMC granules on the matrix core, provided linear drug release with zero order kinetics. The triple layer matrix tablets (M3L3) shows precise controlled release of the drug than that of plain matrix tablets. FT-IR and DSC studies confirmed that there was no chemical interaction between drug and excipients used in the formulation.
EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF AMMOMUM SUBULATUM FRUIT EXTRACT
Authors: Alam K , Pathak D , Ansari S. H.
Published: January 2025

Ammomum subulatum is a perennial plant cultivated in swampy places in Bengal, Sikkim, Assam and Tamil Nadu. Plant bears fruit having numerous seeds which are traditionally used in spice. Fruits are used as stimulant, aromatic, stomachic, aphrodisiac, in infection of teeth and gums. The present study is an attempt to explore the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic and aqueous extract of fruit of Ammomum subulatum. Dose of 100 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml of ethanolic and aqueous extract were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan induced paw edema in rat. Both the extracts were able to show anti-inflammatory activity in dose dependant manner as compared with standard drug Diclofenac sodium 100 mg/ml. The data were found statistically significant by using one way ANOVA (P< 0.001).
SENSITIVE AND RAPID HPLC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF PIOGLITAZONE IN RAT SERUM
Authors: Ravikanth CH , Kumar A Anil , Kiran V Uday , Prashanth S , Madhu B , Reddy Y Narsimha
Published: January 2025

A sensitive, accurate and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-visible detection (HPLC-UV) method for the determination of Pioglitazone in rat serum has been developed. Rosiglitazone was used as internal standard. Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone are extracted from serum using a liquid–liquid extraction procedure using ethyl acetate. Isocratic separation of Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone is carried out using a reversed-phase phenomenex C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5µm) column with mobile phase consisting of methanol and 30 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH adjusted to 5 with ortho-phosphoric acid) in the ratio 60:40 (v/v) and quantified by UV detection at 269 nm. Analytical run time was less than 10 min. Mean recovery was 97.12% for 0.1-10µg/ml concentrations. The assay exhibited good linear relationship. Quantification limit was at 50ng/ml of Pioglitazone and accuracy and precision were over the concentration range of 0.1-10µg/ml. This method can be used for routine clinical monitoring of Pioglitazone.
EVALUATION OF CATARACT PREVENTIVE ACTION OF PHYCOCYANIN
Authors: Kothadia AD , Shenoy AM , Shabaraya AR , Rajan MS , Viradia UM , Patel NH
Published: January 2025

Phycocyanin is a biliprotein pigment found in blue-green algae Spirulina platensis, which have attracted attention because of their nutritional value and medicinal properties. This pigment has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity in different experimental models. This data supports the view that phycocyanin may prevent cataract progression. Cataract preventive action of phycocyanin was evaluated against naphthalene and galactose induced cataract experimental models in wistar rats at dose 200 mg/kg/day p.o and vitamin E was used as a reference standard. Phycocyanin treated animals showed no opacification in the lens and they also showed significantly increased level of glutathione (GSH), soluble proteins and water content as compared to positive control group in the lens in both the experimental models. Cataract preventive action of phycocyanin may be due to is antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity.
COMPARISON OF THE ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF AN IMPORTANT HEPATOPROTECTIVE PLANTS
Authors: R Vivek Kumar , Kumar Satish , S Shashidhara , S Anitha , M Manjula
Published: January 2025

Currently there has been an increased interest globally to identify antioxidant compounds that are pharmacologically potent and have low or no side effects for use in preventive medicine and the food industry. As plants produce significant amount of antioxidants to prevent the oxidative stress caused by photons and oxygen, they represent a potential source of new compounds with antioxidant activity. Commonly used medicinal plant extracts with standardized content of polyphenols were investigated for their antioxidant activity (AA). In the present paper ten plants (Picrorrhiza kurroa, Tephrosia purpurea, Terminalia arjuna, Tinospora cordifolia, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Azadirachta indica, Apium graveolens, Swertia chirata, Phyllanthus amarus, and Aloe vera) and their possible constituents responsible for its antioxidant property were compared by reducing power, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity method. The plants described contain antioxidant principles that can explain and justify their use in traditional medicine (Hepatoprotective) in the past as well as the present. These results suggest that AA determination is of interest for a comparative evaluation of in vitro antioxidant potential, but it needs to be combined with in vivo data for adequate assessment of the antioxidant capacity of medicinal plant extracts.
EVALUATION OF CLINICAL EFFICACY AND TOLERANCE OF KHASCEEZE –SF COUGH SYRUP
Authors: Satam S , Jain R , Dagaonkar J , Chotalia C , Suthar A , Joshi R
Published: January 2025

Fifty patients of either sex aged 15 - 65 years entered the study to test the efficacy and tolerability of a herbal preparation known as Khasceeze-SF Cough Syrup. They were studied for cough and related symptoms such as sore throat, sneezing, breathlessness and fever. Substantial improvement, i.e., excellent to good response, in relief of cough and other symptoms was noted over 84% out of 50 patients and fair response in 11.64%. Only 4.10% patients showed poor relief in symptoms hence suggested Khasceeze-SF Cough Syrup facilitated a healing touch to the diseased bronchial tree and helps alleviate the cough of any aetiology. No drowsiness, irritability, or dryness in mouth was seen with Khasceeze-SF Cough Syrup.
ENHANCEMENT OF DISSOLUTION RATE AND FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT OF EFAVIRENZ TABLETS EMPLOYING STARCH PHOSPHATE A NEW MODIFIED STARCH
Authors: Chowdary K. P. R. , Enturi Veeraiah
Published: January 2025

The objective of the study is to prepare, characterize and evaluate starch phosphate, a new modified starch as a carrier in solid dispersions for enhancing the dissolution rate of Efavirenz. The feasibility of formulating solid dispersions of Efavirenz in starch phosphate into compressed tablets with enhanced dissolution rate was also investigated. Starch phosphate was prepared by reacting starch with di-sodium hydrogen orthophosphate anhydrous at elevated temperatures. It was insoluble in water and has good swelling (400%) property without pasting or gelling when heated in water. Solid dispersions of Efavirenz in starch phosphate were prepared by solvent evaporation method employing various weight ratios of drug: starch phosphate such as 2:1(SD-1), 1:1(SD-2), 1:2(SD-3), 1:3(SD-4) and 1:9(SD-5) and were evaluated for dissolution rate and efficiency. All the solid dispersions prepared gave rapid and higher dissolution of Efavirenz when compared to pure drug. Dissolution followed first order kinetics. A 13.98 and 31.37 fold increase in the dissolution rate (K1) of Efavirenz was observed with solid dispersions SD-4 and SD-5 respectively. The DE30 was also increased from 10.66% in the case of Efavirenz pure drug to 51.13% and 71.51% in the case of these solid dispersions. Efavirenz (50 mg) tablets were prepared employing Efavirenz alone and its solid dispersions SD-3 and SD-4 by wet granulation method and were evaluated. Efavirenz tablets formulated employing its solid dispersions in starch phosphate gave rapid and higher dissolution rate and DE30 when compared to plain and commercial tablets. A 16.71 and 31.04 fold increase in the dissolution rate (K1) was observed with tablet formulations containing solid dispersions SD-3 and SD-4 respectively when compared to plain tablets.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CONTROLLED RELEASE MUCOADHESIVE MATRIX TABLETS: ASSESSMENT OF MYRRH OLEO GUM RESIN AS A NATURAL PHARMACEUTICAL EXCIPIENT
Authors: Arora Gurpreet , Malik Karan , Singh Inderbir , Arora Sandeep
Published: January 2025

Mucoadhesive polymer owing to its binding capacity with gastric mucin prolongs the gastric residence time and thereby increased drug bioavailability. In the present study, oral controlled release mucoadhesive matrix tablets have been developed for domperidone as model drug using natural mucoadhesive material myrrh oleo gum resin (MOGR).The tablets were formulated with the natural polymer in different concentration (5, 10, 15 and 20 % w/w) employing direct compression technology. The prepared batches were evaluated for tablet parametric test (drug assay, diameter, thickness, hardness and tensile strength), swelling index, mucoadhesive strength (using texture analyser) and in vitro drug release studies. Accelerated stability studies were also conducted on all the prepared batches. The tensile strength increases from 0.973±0.09 to 1.687±0.11 MN/m2 and mucoadhesive strength from19.868 to 49.778 N with the increase in natural polymer concentration from 5 to 20 % (M1 to M4). Swelling index of natural polymer was testified towards proliferation by together increasing gum concentration and the time period. The release kinetic and mechanism of release were calculated by fitting in vitro release data in various models demonstrating that release follows zero order and Hixson Crowell cube root law. The release exponent (n) ranges in between 0.5889 to 0.7389 indicating multiple release mechanisms possibly the combination of diffusion and erosion. Accelerated stability studies demonstrate no significant change in the tensile strength, mucoadhesive strength and drug assay. These research outcomes clearly specify the potential of MOGR to be used as binder, release retardant and mucoadhesive natural material in tablet formulations.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF SIMVASTATIN-ASPIRIN COMBINATION
Authors: Hassan Hanan M. , El-Gayar Amal M. , Ibrahim Tarek M. , Al-Gayyar Mohammed M. H.
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of simvastatin alone and in combination with aspirin, the most widely used analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agent, and to evaluate the effect of using them in combination which may produce synergistic effect and lower the dose required for each agent. 72 Male Wistar albino rats suffering from air pouch granuloma were used. They were divided into 12 groups each comprising 6 rats, they received either simvastatin (20 mg/kg/day) or aspirin (25 mg/kg/day) or combined therapy (simvastatin & aspirin) for either 3 or 6 executive days. The control groups received the solvents only for the same periods. Biochemical markers of inflammation as serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-4 were measured by an Elisa method. Antioxidant activity was calorimetrically assessed by measuring serum nitric oxide concentration. Results indicated that treatment with simvastatin alone had no significant difference from treatment with aspirin alone which give solid ground for the predicted anti-inflammatory effects of simvastatin. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that treatment with the combined therapy reduced the extent of inflammation as compared to treatment with simvastatin alone or aspirin alone indicating that aspirin-simvastatin combination represents a synergistic combination concerning the immune response to the inflammatory challenge. The combination treatment with agents that inhibit different aspects of the signal transduction pathways will be transformational and have better efficacy with fewer side effects.
EVALUATION OF ANTI-ULCER ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ABUTILON INDICUM LINN LEAVES IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS
Authors: Dashputre N. L. , Naikwade N. S.
Published: January 2025

Gastric ulcer is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders, which affects approximately 5-10% of people during their life. In recent years, abundant work has been carried out on herbal medicine to clarify their potential efficacy in gastric ulcer prevention or management. Here, present study was carried out to investigate antiulcer activity of methanol extract of Abutilon indicum L. (Family: Malvaceae) leaves in pylorus ligated and ethanol induced ulceration in the albino rats. Preliminary methanol extract of A. indicum was subjected to the acute oral toxicity study according to the OECD guideline no. 425. Based on which, two dose levels i.e. 250 and 500 mg/kg were selected for the further study. In pylorus ligation induced ulcer model, various parameters were studied viz. gastric volume, pH, total acidity, free acidity, and ulcer index. Ulcer index and percentage inhibition of ulceration was determined for ethanol induced ulcer model. Ranitidine at 50 mg/kg was used as the standard drug. Pretreatment of methanol extract of A. indicum leaves showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in the gastric volume, total acidity and free acidity. However, pH of the gastric juice was significantly (P<0.05) increased only at higher dose, 500 mg/kg. It showed also significant (P<0.05) decrease in number of ulcers and ulcer score index in pylorus ligation and ethanol induced ulceration models. The methanol extract of A. indicum leaves possess significant antiulcer properties in a dose dependent manner. In conclusion the antiulcer properties of the extract may be attributed to the presence of phytochemicals like flavonoids (quercetin), alkaloids and tannins present in the plant extract with various biological activities.
COMPARATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY STUDY WITH TWO SODIUM VALPROATE TABLET FORMULATIONS IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS
Authors: Shep Dhaneshwar , Nimkar Asmita , Shah Rajen , Jaiswal Vijaya
Published: January 2025

The aim was to assess the comparative bioavailability of two formulations (200 mg tablet) of sodium valproate in healthy subjects. This open label randomized, two periods, two treatments, two sequence, 2-way crossover design study was conducted in 18 healthy Indian adult subjects. Subjects received sodium valproate 200 mg of either test or reference formulation with a washout period of 7 days. After study drug administration, serial blood samples were collected over a period of 60 hours. Plasma concentrations of Valproic acid were measured by pre-validated LC-MS-MS method. Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters Cmax, Tmax, t1/2, AUC0-t, AUC 0-∞, and kel were determined for the 2 sodium valproate formulations. Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ were used to test for bioequivalence after log-transformation of plasma data. The formulations were to be considered bioequivalent if the log-transformed ratios of Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ were within the predetermined bioequivalence range of 80% to 125%. A total of 18 healthy subjects were enrolled. No significant differences were found based on analysis of variance, with mean values and 90% confidence intervals of test/reference ratios for these parameters as follows: Cmax, 15.64 versus 15.20μg/ml (90.79 to 115.45); AUC0-t, 72.71 versus 66.95μg.h/ml (96.03 to 124.87); and AUC0-∞, 105.65 versus 98.11μg.h/ml (94.61 to 124.75). In these healthy Indian subjects, results from the PK analysis suggested that the test and reference formulations of sodium valproate 200 mg tablets were bioequivalent. Both the formulations were well tolerated.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND APHRODISIAC ACTIVITY OF ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS
Authors: Wani Javeed Ahmed , Achur Rajeshwara N. , Nema R. K.
Published: January 2025

The plant Asparagus racemosus is widely distributed in the Himalayan and sub-Himalayan regions of India. Based on preliminary reports, there is a lot of interest in using the roots of this plant for treating sexual disorders. In this study, the hydro-alcoholic and aqueous extracts of the roots of Asparagus racemosus were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening which showed the presence of saponins, carbohydrates, glycosides and mucilages. The total extracts were tested for their aphrodisiac activity in experimental rats. The hydro-alcoholic extract of Asparagus racemosus root at higher concentration (400 mg/kg body weight) showed significant aphrodisiac activity on male wistar albino rats as evidenced by an increase in number of mounts and mating performance. On the other hand, hydro-alcoholic extract at lower dose (200 mg/kg. body weight) and aqueous extract (400 mg/kg body weight) showed moderate aphrodisiac property. Thus, in experimental rats, the results of the present study suggest that the extracts of Asparagus racemosus exert significant aphrodisiac activity. Further, detailed studies are needed to know whether in-vivo administration of the extracts is beneficial for patients suffering from sexual disorders.
DETERMINATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS OF ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF PUNICA GRANATUM RIND EXTRACT
Authors: Sangeetha J. , Vijayalakshmi K.
Published: January 2025

Punica granatum belongs to a Punicaceae family. The Punica granatum is valued as a powerful medicinal plant and used in folk medicines. Hence the present investigation was carried out to determine the possible chemical components from ethyl acetate fraction of Punica granatum rind extract by GC-MS Technique. This analysis revealed that ethyl acetate fraction of Punica granatum rind extract contain Pyrogallol (41.88%), 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (14.10%), D-Allose (9.17%), 2-Methoxy-1, 4-Benzenediol (8.34%) and 2, 3 Dimethylfumaric acid (3.96%) justifying the use of this plant to treat many disease in folk and herbal medicine.
UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF NORETHINDRONE IN IMMEDIATE RELEASE TABLET
Authors: Bansal Kailash , Pant Pankaj , Rao P. Rama Therdana , Reddy M. Venkateswar , Padhee Kumud , Sathapathy Ajit , Kochhar Prithipal Singh
Published: January 2025

A modification of the U.S.P. dissolution method for the quantitative determination of Norethindrone in solid oral tablet is proposed. This modification consists of the use of varying concentration of sodium lauryl sulfate in dissolution media (0.1 N Hydrochloric acid) and use of UV spectroscopy instead of HPLC for analysis of samples. The rate and extent of dissolution of Norethindrone was much greater when high concentration of sodium lauryl sulfate 1.0% w/v was used. Different dissolution trials were conducted on a pre-optimized formulation. The proposed method has been applied successfully for the analysis of the drug in the tablet dosage form. The percentage assay of Norethindrone in tablet was 99.95%. This method has the advantage of quicker turnaround time of sample analysis and less cost involved. It can serve as a surrogate for HPLC method for the routine use in quality control laboratories of pharmaceutical industry.
IN-VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND GC/MS STUDIES ON THE LEAVES OF MENTHA PIPERITA (LAMIACEAE) FROM MOROCCO
Authors: Derwich Elhoussine , Chabir Rachida , Taouil Rachid , Senhaji Omar
Published: January 2025

The present study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity and chemical composition of essential oil of Mentha piperita from Morocco. Mentha species from the Lamiaceae family are widely distributed in Morocco and commonly used as herbal tea, flavoring agent and medicinal plant. In this stud y, the essential oils of Mentha piperita collected in the region of Meknes (Morocco) were obtained by hydro-distillation of the leaves and analysed by gas chromatography equipped with flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry system (GC/MS) for their chemical composition. The antioxidant activity of essential oils against DPPH radical was determined in vitro by treated with different concentrations of essential oil and vitamin C as standard antioxidant compound. The percentages of DPPH inhibition and IC50 were recorded. Thirty compounds were identified in leaves oil representing 58.61% of the total oil composition. The yield of essential oil of Mentha piperita was 1.02% and the major compound in the leaves was: Menthone (29.01%) followed by menthol (5.58%), menthyl acetate (3.34%), menthofuran (3.01%), 1,8-cineole (2.40%), isomenthone (2.12%), limonene (2.10%), α-pinene (1.56%), germacrene-D (1.50%), β-pinene (1.25%), sabinene (1.13%) and pulegone (1.12%). The radical scavenging activity (% inhibition) of the essential oil from Mentha piperita was the highest (81.09± 1.21%) at the concentration of 150µg/ml and the IC50 values of these plant extracts were 53.67µg/ml.
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION ON LEAVES OF FICUS MICROCARPA LINN.
Authors: D Ravichandra V , Paarakh Padmaa M
Published: January 2025

Ficus microcarpa Linn. (Syn: Ficus nitidas; Family: Moraceae) grows in Tropical and Subtropical regions of India, used for variety of purpose in traditional medicine. The usefulness of this plant is described in many folk books including Ayurveda and different biologically active phytoconstituents were isolated from plant. But no reports are available on morph anatomy, and phytochemical studies, hence present attempt was undertaken to investigate the microscopically and preliminary phytochemical and Physico-chemical studies on the leaves of Ficus microcarpa. The study reveals the leaves are variable, coriaceous, oblong, elliptic to broadly elliptic or obovate. The transverse section of the leaves shows presence of epidermis, sponge parenchyma, bicollateral vascular bundles, nonglandular, glandular trichome and spiral vessels. The powder microscopy revealed the presence of anomocytic stomata, glandular trichome, covering trichome and prismatic calcium oxalate crystals. Physicochemical parameters like ash value, extractive value and phytochemical screening with different reagents showed the presence of fluorescence compounds, steroids, triterpenoids, phenols, tannins and flavonoids.
DIVERSE BELONGINGS OF CALENDULA OFFICINALIS: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Khan M. U. , Rohilla Ankur , Bhatt Deepika , Afrin Shadan , Rohilla Seema , Ansari S. H.
Published: January 2025

Herbal drugs therapy is regarded as an important therapy for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. However, enormous improvements have been observed in modern systems of medicine, but Indian herbal plants provide a rich source for health care to prevent different pathological states. Calendula officinalis is an aromatic, erect, annual herb that is indigenous to Europe, cultivated commonly in North America, Balkans, Eastern Europe, Germany and India. Ample studies have reported about the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumour, antigenotoxic, chemoprotective and hepatoprotective potential associated with the drug. The review article describes about the various phytochemical constituents associated with the plant extract. Moreover, numerous pleiotropic effects exhibited by the plant have been clearly discussed.
AN OVERVIEW OF STATINS AS HYPOLIPIDEMIC DRUGS
Authors: Rao K. Srinivasa , Prasad T. , Mohanta G. P. , Manna P. K.
Published: January 2025

There is a wealth of evidence suggesting association between Dyslipidemia and Heart Failure. Statins are the treatment of choice for the management of Dyslipidemia because of their proven efficacy and safety profile. They also have an increasing role in managing cardiovascular risk in patients with relatively normal levels of plasma cholesterol. The article reviews the role of Statins in the treatment of Dyslipidemia. Although all statins act by act by blocking the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme, which catalyzes the rate-limiting, step in de novo cholesterol synthesis, they differ in terms of their chemical structures, pharmacokinetic profiles, and lipid-modifying efficacy. Lovastatin, Pravastatin and Simvastatin are derived from fungal metabolites and have elimination half-lives of 1–3 h. Atorvastatin, Cerivastatin (withdrawn from clinical use in 2001), Fluvastatin, Pitavastatin and Rosuvastatin are fully synthetic compounds, with elimination half-lives ranging from 1 h for Fluvastatin to 19 h for Rosuvastatin. As a class, statins are generally well tolerated and serious adverse events, including muscle toxicity leading to rhabdomyolysis, are rare. Consideration of the differences between the statins helps to provide a rational basis for their use in clinical practice.
EFFECT OF LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST MONTELUKAST ALONG WITH CURCUMIN AGAINST GASTRIC ULCERATION
Authors: Viradia UM , Shenoy AM , Rajan MS , Shabaraya AR , Kothadia AD , Patel NH
Published: January 2025

Curcumin, a yellow pigment in the spice turmeric, has been used for centuries as a treatment for inflammatory diseases. This yellow pigment has anti-secretary property in different experimental ulcer models. Montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist has been used for the treatment of inflammatory disease. This substance has antioxidant property in different experimental models. This data supports to evaluate the synergistic effect of Montelukast along with Curcumin against gastric ulceration. Gastric ulcers were induced by administering Aspirin (200 mg/kg) plus pylorus ligation and Indomethacin (20 mg/kg). Evaluation of Montelukast along with Curcumin was carried out in above experimental models. All the Montelukast (10 mg/kg) along with Curcumin (60 mg/kg) treated animals showed more significant reduction of ulcer index in both above experimental models compared to individual treatment with both, Curcumin and Montelukast.
ABROGATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS WOUND INFECTION BY BACTERIOPHAGE IN DIABETIC RATS
Authors: Kumar C.S Vinod , H Srinivasa , K.G Basavarajappa , Patil Umakanth , Bandekar Nitin , Patil Rajashri
Published: January 2025

To evaluate therapeutic potential of phages specific for Staphylococcus aureus to resolve wound infection in diabetic rats. The objective of the study is for the assessment of wound healing activity, excision wound model was used. Group I was assigned as control, Group II infected with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Group III non infected and received only phage preparation to assess whether phage initiates infection, Group IV infected with MRSA, once the infection was established it was challenged with Staphylococcus aureus phages and Group V infected MRSA and treated with antibiotic Clindamycin after 4th day of infection. A significant decrease in infection, period of epithelization and wound contraction was observed in the phage challenged group when compared to antibiotic treated diabetic rats and the control group. To conclude the study provide new insights into the biology of the broad host range of Staphylococcus aureus phage Ø SH-56 and indicate that phage has potential for treatment and prevention of infections caused by pathogenic staphylococci.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY AND TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENT OF AEGLE MARMELOS SEEDS
Authors: Sharma Ganesh N. , Dubey Susheel K. , Sati Nitin , Sanadya Jyotsana
Published: January 2025

The anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous and methanol extracts of Aegle marmelos seeds was evaluated using carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellets induced granuloma in rats. To prove the dependency of pharmacological activity on certain phytoconstituent, total flavonoid contents were estimated, using a spectrophotometric technique. The Quercetin was used as standard compound and the total flavonoids were expressed as mg / g quercetin equivalents (Standard curve equation: y= 0.0009X + 0.0011, R2 = 0.9189). The total flavonoid varied from 3.267 to 12.933 mg/g in extracts. The maximum flavonoid content was found in the methanolic extract (65.20 ± 0.2 mg/g). The methanolic extract administered orally at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, b.w. showed highly significant (P<0.01) anti-inflammatory activity. The aqueous extract also produced significant (P<0.05) anti-inflammatory property at the same doses.