bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasmonic spin induced Imbert–Fedorov shift
Authors: You Hao , Alturki Abdullah , Zeng Xiaodong , Zubairy Muhammad Suhail
Published: February 2023

The spin angular momentums of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on chiral material interfaces and the Imbert–Fedorov shifts of linearly polarized light beams are investigated. Compared to a traditional TM-polarized SPP having a transverse spin, the SPP on a chiral material interface also has a longitudinal spin component, resulting from the nature that this new kind of SPP is a hybrid of TE and TM-polarized evanescent waves. When a light beam is incident on a sandwich structure composed of chiral material, prisms, and metal layers, in which the SPP is supported, the reflection and transmission processes can be analogous to the transport of a photon in a waveguide QED system. The SPP with longitudinal spin can be excited by the incident wave and the reflected and transmitted beams carry the spin features of the SPP. Moreover, the beams exhibit large Imbert–Fedorov shifts stemming from the spin–orbit coupling even for a linearly polarized incident beam. The shifts are determined by the longitudinal spin angular momentum and excitation coefficient of the SPP. This present work extends the study of photonic spin–orbit coupling and provides an important platform to investigate the plasmonic spin.
Impact of thermal modification on color and chemical changes of African padauk, merbau, mahogany, and iroko wood species
Authors: Gaff Milan , Kubovský Ivan , Sikora Adam , Kačíková Danica , Li Haitao , Kubovský Matúš , Kačík František
Published: February 2023

Thermal modification is an environment-friendly technology for improving various wood properties, especially the dimensional stability, decay resistance, and color homogeneity. In this work, four tropical wood species (African padauk, merbau, mahogany, and iroko) were thermally modified by the ThermoWood process. The influence of heat treatment on the color and chemical changes of wood was studied by spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and wet chemistry methods. As the temperature increased, a decrease in lightness (L*) and a simultaneous decrease in chromatic values (a*,b*) were observed, indicating darkening and browning of the wood surface. As a result of the heat treatment, the relative content of hemicelluloses decreased the most in merbau and mahogany, while the thermal stability of iroko and African padauk was higher. All examined wood species showed a strong correlation between the lightness difference value (ΔL*) and the content of hemicelluloses (r= 0.88–0.96). The FTIR spectroscopy showed that the breakdown of C═O and C═C bonds in hemicelluloses and lignin plays an important role in the formation of chromophoric structures responsible for the color changes in the wood.
Ground effects on the aerodynamics of a wing with slot type distributed propulsion system for VTOL applications
Authors: Bai ChengAn , Zhou Chao
Published: February 2023

During take-off of a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft, ground effects can cause a downward force on the aircraft body and wings. The downward force could substantially reduce the payload of the aircraft, which is undesirable. This paper investigates the ground effects related to VTOL applications with distributed propulsion. A slot jet is used to simulate the distributed propulsion system. A model of a wing with a slot jet placed near the trailing edge of the wing is investigated. The slot jet is almost perpendicular to the ground to provide a vertical thrust. Experimental and numerical methods are used to investigate the aerodynamic performance of this model. Theoretical analysis is carried out to understand the formation mechanism of the low pressure region on the lower surface of the wing, which causes the downward force. The flow physics of the jet inducing ground vortex is investigated. It is found that the convection term in the ground vortex area is the main source of the pressure reduction. Based on the flow mechanism, a redesigned configuration is proposed to reduce the negative effect of the ground vortex. The flow structures such as the tip vortex are also investigated.
Ethnoarchaeology of foreign coins in India: reinterpreting Venetian ducat design, and implications for archaeonumismatics
Authors: Smagur Emilia
Published: February 2023

In 2019, an ethnographic survey of Indian workshops and shops producing and selling putalis (Venetian ducats and their imitations) was conducted in Nashik, Maharashtra. The study, supplemented by information from written and documentary sources, provides observations relevant to archaeologists studying the process of reinterpreting Roman coin design in Early Historic India.
A new post-Liangzhu Lower Yangtze culture: the Early Bronze Age Tiaotou and Pishan sites
Authors: Allen Edward , Yang Jindong , Lin Sen , Zhou Yijing , Sheng Pengfei
Published: February 2023

Excavations at Tiaotou reveal evidence for cultural continuity through the late third to the mid first millennia BC. This research explores shifts in subsistence, production and ritual at Tiaotou, and the emergence of the Pishan-Tiaotou Culture (1200–1000 BC). Tiaotou/Pishan-Tiaotou represents a missing link among Taihu Lake archaeological cultures and contributes to our knowledge of complex political formations and cultural change in Bronze Age southern China.
Particular aspects of designing longitudinal-coaxial waveguide-microstrip connectors
Authors: Glushechenko E. M.
Published: February 2023

The authors justify the use of combined longitudinal-coaxial connectors — waveguide-coaxial or waveguide-microstrip type — in new modern antenna-feeder microwave paths.
Using the example of a basic coaxial waveguide-coaxial connector based on a section of a regular rectangular waveguide, the study considers the process of converting an electromagnetic wave of a regular waveguide of the main waveguide type H10 into a transverse electromagnetic wave of a coaxial line with a wave resistance (impedance) Z0 = 50 Ohm. Such a connector allows implementing good electrical parameters — matching (standing wave ratio, SWR) and linear losses — but its design is difficult to configure and cannot be reliably reproduced. However, the basic operation principles of this connector make it possible to use it as a prototype when creating modern coaxial waveguide-coaxial or waveguide-microstrip connectors.
One example of such a modern connector is the sealed longitudinal-coaxial waveguide-microstrip connector based on a segment of H-shaped waveguide, shorted by an end wall on one end. Correcting the reactive component of both inductive and capacitive nature will allow achieving the required parameters of the wave impedance of the connector. With this in mind, the author has built an inductive-capacitive system consisting of a matching element in the form of a staggered fin and a corrective element in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped. To ensure the air tightness of the connector design, the segment of the coaxial line was replaced by a sealed coaxial insert, which is a serial electronic component.
Particular attention was paid to the layout and design of this sealed waveguide-microstrip connector, as well as to the calculation of the overall dimensions of its elements.
The article proposes an original technique for measuring the main parameters of both waveguide-coaxial and waveguide-microstrip connectors. The author forms a mathematical model of combined type connectors based on the scattering wave matrix and presents the parameters of real hermetically sealed longitudinally coaxial waveguide-microstrip connectors based on waveguide segments of various standard sizes and measured at various frequencies.
Comparison of reliability of thermoelectric generator modules with different schemes for connecting thermoelements
Authors: Gorskyi P. V.
Published: February 2023

The study compares reliability indicators of thermoelectric generator modules using the nonmonotonic-diffusion law of failure time distribution. The authors use the law to propose for the first time an analytical expression of the failure time distribution of an individual thermoelement, which fundamentally differs from the traditional simple exponential law with a constant failure intensity.
The law is used to calculate the mean time between failures (MTBF), the 95% resource and equivalent failure rate of thermoelectric generator modules with series-parallel and parallel-series connection of thermocouples. Considered are the variants of schemes with different number of elements in rows and different number of rows for serial-parallel circuit and with different number of sequential groups and elements in a group for parallel-serial circuit. Coefficients of increase of the average failure time, 95% resource and coefficients of decrease of the equivalent failure intensity for a purely series connection of thermocouples are determined for the considered thermocouple schemes. It is established that these indicators can be improved by more than three orders of magnitude.
Imaging Voltage Globally and in Isofrequency Lamina in Slices of Mouse Ventral Cochlear Nucleus
Authors: Ma Yihe , Shu Wen-Chi , Lin Lin , Cao Xiao-Jie , Oertel Donata , Smith Philip H. , Jackson Meyer B.
Published: February 2023

The cochlear nuclei (CNs) receive sensory information from the ear and perform fundamental computations before relaying this information to higher processing centers. These computations are performed by distinct types of neurons interconnected in circuits dedicated to the specialized roles of the auditory system. In the present study, we explored the use of voltage imaging to investigate CN circuitry. We tested two approaches based on fundamentally different voltage sensing technologies. Using a voltage-sensitive dye we recorded glutamate receptor-independent signals arising predominantly from axons. The mean conduction velocity of these fibers of 0.27 m/s was rapid but in range with other unmyelinated axons. We then used a genetically-encoded hybrid voltage sensor (hVOS) to image voltage from a specific population of neurons. Probe expression was controlled using Cre recombinase linked toc-fosactivation. This activity-induced gene enabled targeting of neurons that are activated when a mouse hears a pure 15-kHz tone. In CN slices from these animals auditory nerve fiber stimulation elicited a glutamate receptor-dependent depolarization in hVOS probe-labeled neurons. These cells resided within a band corresponding to an isofrequency lamina, and responded with a high degree of synchrony. In contrast to the axonal origin of voltage-sensitive dye signals, hVOS signals represent predominantly postsynaptic responses. The introduction of voltage imaging to the CN creates the opportunity to investigate auditory processing circuitry in populations of neurons targeted on the basis of their genetic identity and their roles in sensory processing.
Surface temperature comparison of the Arctic winter MOSAiC observations, ERA5 reanalysis, and MODIS satellite retrieval
Authors: Herrmannsdörfer Lia , Müller Malte , Shupe Matthew D. , Rostosky Philip
Published: February 2023

Atmospheric model systems, such as those used for weather forecast and reanalysis production, often have significant and systematic errors in their representation of the Arctic surface energy budget and its components. The newly available observation data of the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition (2019/2020) enable a range of model analyses and validation in order to advance our understanding of potential model deficiencies. In the present study, we analyze deficiencies in the surface radiative energy budget over Arctic sea ice in the ERA5 global atmospheric reanalysis by comparing against the winter MOSAiC campaign data, as well as, a pan-Arctic level-2 MODIS ice surface temperature remote sensing product. We find that ERA5 can simulate the timing of radiatively clear periods, though it is not able to distinguish the two observed radiative Arctic winter states, radiatively clear and opaquely cloudy, in the distribution of the net surface radiative budget. The ERA5 surface temperature over Arctic sea ice has a conditional error with a positive bias in radiatively clear conditions and a negative bias in opaquely cloudy conditions. The mean surface temperature error is 4°C for radiatively clear situations at MOSAiC and up to 15°C in some parts of the Arctic. The spatial variability of the surface temperature, given by 4 observation sites at MOSAiC, is not captured by ERA5 due to its spatial resolution but represented in the level-2 satellite product. The sensitivity analysis of possible error sources, using satellite products of snow depth and sea ice thickness, shows that the positive surface temperature errors during radiatively clear events are, to a large extent, caused by insufficient sea ice thickness and snow depth representation in the reanalysis system. A positive bias characterizes regions with ice thickness greater than 1.5 m, while the negative bias for thinner ice is partly compensated by the effect of snow.
Drug screening identifies tazarotene and bexarotene as therapeutic agents in multiple sulfatase deficiency
Authors: Schlotawa Lars , Tyka Karolina , Kettwig Matthias , Ahrens‐Nicklas Rebecca C , Baud Matthias , Berulava Tea , Brunetti‐Pierri Nicola , Gagne Alyssa , Herbst Zackary M , Maguire Jean A , Monfregola Jlenia , Pena Tonatiuh , Radhakrishnan Karthikeyan , Schröder Sophie , Waxman Elisa A , Ballabio Andrea , Dierks Thomas , Fischer André , French Deborah L , Gelb Michael H , Gärtner Jutta
Published: February 2023

Multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD, MIM #272200) results from pathogenic variants in the SUMF1 gene that impair proper function of the formylglycine‐generating enzyme (FGE). FGE is essential for the posttranslational activation of cellular sulfatases. MSD patients display reduced or absent sulfatase activities and, as a result, clinical signs of single sulfatase disorders in a unique combination. Up to date therapeutic options for MSD are limited and mostly palliative. We performed a screen of FDA‐approved drugs using immortalized MSD patient fibroblasts. Recovery of arylsulfatase A activity served as the primary readout. Subsequent analysis confirmed that treatment of primary MSD fibroblasts with tazarotene and bexarotene, two retinoids, led to a correction of MSD pathophysiology. Upon treatment, sulfatase activities increased in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, reduced glycosaminoglycan content decreased and lysosomal position and size normalized. Treatment of MSD patient derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) differentiated into neuronal progenitor cells (NPC) resulted in a positive treatment response. Tazarotene and bexarotene act to ultimately increase the stability of FGE variants. The results lay the basis for future research on the development of a first therapeutic option for MSD patients.
The new Capes periodical website: facilities for nursing
Authors: Pagliuca Lorita Marlena Freitag
Published: February 2023

The Website Periodical of Higher Education Coordination of Personnel Improvement (Capes) turned nine years of existence in 2009. It has provided students, faculty members, staff and researchers with access to scientific publications from more than 300 educational and research institutions throughout Brazil.
Ações de educação em saúde no controle do sobrepeso/obesidade no ambiente de trabalho
Authors: D'alencar Érica Rodrigues , Lima Marta Maria Rodrigues , Mendonça Paulo Marconi Linhares , Custódio Ires Lopes , D'alencar Barbara Pereira , Teixeira Lima Francisca Elisângela
Published: February 2023

A equipe multidisciplinar da saúde ocupacional adentra nos ramos da saúde do trabalhador, por meio da educação em saúde, visando prevenir doenças tais como as crônicas degenerativas. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o índice de sobrepeso e obesidade dos empregados de uma empresa distribuidora de energia elétrica, Fortaleza-Ceará. Estudo descritivo, quantitativo, com população de 1290 e amostra de 119 trabalhadores que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da anamnese, exame físico com aferição da pressão arterial e medidas antropométricas. Os resultados predominantes foram: aderiram participar do projeto linha (91,5%); sexo masculino (82,1%); sedentários (42,1%). Redução de peso após o acompanhamento no programa: perdeu de um a três quilos (24,3%); acima de cinco a sete quilos (21,8%) e acima de sete quilos (21,1%). Portanto, o acompanhamento dos funcionários no programa favoreceu a redução de peso da maioria dos participantes do estudo.
Prevalência e determinantes de sintomas depressivos em idosos atendi
Authors: Melo Fernandes Maria das Graças , Souza Nascimento Neilce Falcão de , Macêdo Costa Kátia Nêyla de Freitas
Published: February 2023

Este estudo exploratório teve como objetivo identificar a prevalência e determinantes de sintomas depressivos em idosos atendidos na atenção primária de saúde. Sua efetividade se deu numa Unidade de Saúde da Família do município de João Pessoa – PB, no período de fevereiro a junho de 2006, envolvendo uma população de 91 idosos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista, utilizando-se instrumento estruturado. As informações empíricas foram analisadas quantitativamente. Os resultados apontam uma prevalência de sintomas depressivos entre 52% dos idosos pesquisados. Quanto aos determinantes, observamos dados consensuais com a literatura pertinente, destacando-se múltiplos eventos etiológicos. No referente aos fatores biológicos, verificamos idade avançada, sexo feminino, presença de doenças físicas e uso de medicamentos. Entre os eventos psicossociais precipitadores de sintomas de depressão no grupo investigado, observamos baixo nível de renda e de escolaridade, deficit de suporte social e perda de parente, especialmente do cônjuge.
Indicadores clínicos de padrão respiratório ineficaz em crianças com asma
Authors: Cavalcante Joyce Carolle Bezerra , Mendes Lanusa Celes , Oliveira Lopes Marcos Venícios de , Lima Luisa Helena de Oliveira
Published: February 2023

Um estudo transversal, realizado com 147 crianças internadas com diagnóstico médico de asma, em um Hospital infantil público de Fortaleza–CE, foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de analisar a acurácia das características definidoras do diagnóstico de Enfermagem “Padrão respiratório ineficaz – PRI” em crianças asmáticas. As características definidoras mais frequentes foram a dispnéia (56,4%) e a frequência respiratória/min aumentada (50,3%). Diagnóstico de enfermagem PRI esteve presente 36,1% da amostra. A característica definidora de maior sensibilidade foi a dispnéia. Características de maior especificidade para este diagnóstico foram: batimento de asa de nariz, assumir posição de três pontos e diâmetro ântero-posterior aumentado. Concluiu-se que estudos que contribuem para definir o perfil de características definidoras mais comuns para uma população particular devem ser estimulados, pois servem de guia para a prática de enfermagem.
Lotman and the Baroque
Authors: Vidugirytė Inga
Published: February 2023

The title of this article refers to Gilles Deleuze’s work titled The Fold: Leibnitz and the Baroque and supposes a link, which could be established between the Baroque as a type of art, imagery, and a philosophical concept, as it was described by Deleuze, on the one hand, and the culture, its inner structure, and mechanisms (workings), as they were defined by Juri Lotman in his conception of the semiosphere, on the other. The article shows that the main concepts introduced by Leibniz and Deleuze find their counterparts in the semiotic space described by Lotman. Starting with the concept of a monad that both thinkers are concerned with, following conceptual pairs could be identified in their systems: a border – a fold, meaning-making – folding, semiosphere – total art, Deleuzian principle of cone – the hierarchy of monads in the semiosphere of Lotman. In the article, when placed side by side, both systems reveal their proximity as well as new aspects. The analysis leads to a conclusion that Lotman, who started his career as a strict structuralist, in the end, became a post-structural thinker revealing in his works the folded (Baroque) boundary between these two intellectual trends.
Technological features of the combined foundry-induction method of producing three-layer castings
Authors:   Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of the NAS of Ukraine, Tymoshenko A. , Lihoshva V. , Shmatko O. , Pelikan O. , Likhatskyi R.
Published: February 2023

The technological features of developed casting-induction method for obtaining threelayer «cast iron-steel-cast iron» castings were studied. The specified method consists in the use of induction heating of a steel billet with a high-frequency electromagnetic field in the casting process for obtaining three-layer products. The paper represents mathematical modeling results of temperature fields distribution under the action of electromagnetic fields on a steel workpiece. The main regularities of steel billet temperature changes depending from the current level and heating time have been established. As a result of simulation modeling, the technological parameters of the steel workpiece heating and cooling process were determined, as well as the pouring of the melt during the production of three-layer castings. Obtained dependences between temperature of the poured melt and temperature of the workpiece are necessary to ensure a high-quality connection between the steel inner part and working layer made of cast iron. The results of the experimental testing confirmed the adequacy of the mathematical modeling of the thermal state of the workpiece, as well as the effectiveness of using the developed combined casting-induction method for obtaining three-layer castings. Keywords: induction casting method, induction heating, simulation modeling, three-layer casting, electromagnetic field, melt.
Bionic approach to the manufacture of cast lightweight metal structures for the construction of modular structures
Authors:   Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of the NAS of Ukraine, Shinsky O. , Kaliuzhnyi P. , Doroshenko V.
Published: February 2023

Prefab modular building metal structures have several advantages, especially for reuse, compared to building structures made of concrete and wood. Analysis of the structure of the cost of such metal structures and their installation proved that the most effective way to reduce their cost is to reduce metal consumption. Unlike welded for bolted structures, installation is simplified and bolted connections provide the possibility of disassembling the structure with transportation to another place, which is important for hangars, warehouses that change location. Casting of lightweight metal structures can help increase the potential for new and rapid construction. For this, the most suitable method is the Lost Foam Casting (LFC) process in vacuum molds made of loose sand. No other casting method can compete with LFC in the production of frame-bearing structures of complex geometry. Examples of the optimization of metal structures by imitating the structures of nature, in particular biological and DNA structures, as a bionic approach to the design of man-made metal products are considered. Framework and cellular spatial materials obtained by the LFC method expand the existing range of properties compared to compact materials. And the described cast materials based on analogues from the macro- and micro-world of nature and on prefab models will simplify the design and production of frame lightweight products, which are classified as "materials of the future". Ukraine receives metal from its own ores and is able to transform it into a high-tech, knowledge-intensive product in the form of machines, mechanisms and building structures. The technological direction of borrowing the structural properties of natural materials is studied not only for copying them, but also for obtaining new materials and structures with optimization for specific mechanisms or buildings, promoting the use of metal structures as an effective solution in the construction industry during the reconstruction of the country. Keywords: building metal structures, modular structures, modeling, structures of nature, castings
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Youth Suicide: 2020–2021
Authors: Schnitzer Patricia G. , Dykstra Heather , Collier Abigael
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Suicide is a leading cause of death among youth in the United States. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic raised concerns that suicide rates will increase. The National Fatality Review-Case Reporting System documents circumstances of child deaths reviewed by multidisciplinary teams. In April 2021, a question asking whether COVID-19 directly or indirectly impacted the child’s death was added to the National Fatality Review-Case Reporting System. The objective of this study was to identify factors related to suicide deaths among youth during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

This exploratory study of youth aged 10 to 17 years occurring during 2020 to 2021 compared demographic and incident characteristics, life stressors, social/mental health histories, and pandemic-related disruptions to school, health, and mental health for COVID-19–impacted suicides and non-COVID-19–impacted suicides using descriptive statistics. χ2 statistics assessed statistical significance in differences across the 2 groups.

RESULTS

A total of 552 suicides were included for study. Higher proportions of COVID-19–impacted suicides (n = 144) were by hanging (51% vs 40%) and occurred in suburban areas (57% vs 45%) compared with non–COVID-19–impacted suicides (n = 408). COVID-19–impacted youth also experienced significantly more isolation (60% vs 14%), school problems (42% vs 19%), depression (43% vs 24%), and/or anxiety disorder (23% vs 12%) diagnoses.

CONCLUSIONS

A subset of youth experienced significant effects of the pandemic and associated measures implemented to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. They were proportionally more likely to experience isolation, school and mental health care disruptions, behavior changes, and severe emotional distress; all signs of increased risk for suicide.
The effect of regional distribution of isolation rooms in emergency departments on ambulance travel time during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lee Soo In , Kang Saee Byel , Lee Sun Young , Choi Dong Sun
Published: February 2023

Objective The number and distribution of isolation rooms in Korea differ by region. The distribution of isolation beds in emergency departments may have affected ambulance travel time and burden on emergency medical service (EMS) during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods This retrospective observational study analyzed EMS records in four regions of the Gyeonggi Province, Korea, from January 01, 2019 to December 31, 2020. The main exposure was the number of emergency department isolation rooms in each region. The primary outcome was call-to-return time for the EMS. The interaction effect of the number of regional isolation rooms on the call-to-return time during the COVID-19 pandemic was analyzed using a generalized linear model (GLM) and logistic regression.Results A total of 781,246 cases was included in the analyses. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the call-to-scene time (before 8 minutes vs. after 9 minutes, P<0.05) and call-to-return time (before 46 minutes vs. after 52 minutes, P<0.05) for emergency patients increased significantly compared to before the pandemic. As the number of regional isolation rooms increased, the effect of COVID-19 on the call-to-return time decreased significantly in the multivariable GLM with an interaction term (with 10.14 isolation rooms per million population: adjusted exponential β coefficient [exp(β)], 1.33; with 12.24 isolation rooms per million population: adjusted exp(β), 1.18). As the number of regional isolation rooms increased, the effect of COVID-19 on the call-to-scene time decreased significantly in the multivariable GLM with an interaction term (with 10.14 isolation rooms per million population: adjusted exp(β), 1.20; with 12.24 isolation rooms per million population: adjusted exp(β), 1.09).Conclusion During the pandemic, the increases in call-to-return time and call-to-scene time were smaller in regions with more isolation rooms per population.
Uncooperative patients suspected of acute stroke ineligible for prehospital stroke screening test by emergency medical service providers: final hospital diagnoses and characteristics
Authors: Han Sol , Song Sung Wook , Hong Hansol , Kim Woo Jeong , Kang Young Joon , Park Chang Bae , Kang Jeong Ho , Bu Ji Hwan , Lee Sung Kgun , Ko Seo Young , Lee Soo Hoon , Kang Chul-Hoo
Published: February 2023

Objective This study investigated the hospital diagnoses and characteristics of uncooperative prehospital patients suspected of acute stroke who could not undergo a prehospital stroke screening test (PHSST).Methods This retrospective observational study was conducted at a single academic hospital with a regional stroke center. We analyzed three scenario-based prehospital stroke screening performances using the final hospital diagnoses: (1) a conservative approach only in patients who underwent the PHSST, (2) a real-world approach that considered all uncooperative patients as screening positive, and (3) a contrapositive approach that all uncooperative patients were considered as negative.Results Of the 2,836 emergency medical services (EMS)-transported adult patients who met the prehospital criteria for suspicion of acute stroke, 486 (17.1%) were uncooperative, and 570 (20.1%) had a confirmed final diagnosis of acute stroke. The diagnosis in the uncooperative group did not differ from that in the cooperative group (22.0% vs. 19.7%, P=0.246). The diagnostic performances of the PHSST in the conservative approach were as follows: 79.5% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI], 75.5%–83.1%), 90.2% specificity (95% CI, 88.8%–91.6%), and 0.849 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC; 95% CI, 0.829–0.868). The sensitivity and specificity were 83.3% (95% CI, 80.0%–86.3%) and 75.2% (95% CI, 73.3%–76.9%), respectively, in the real-world approach and 64.6% (95% CI, 60.5%–68.5%) and 91.9% (95% CI, 90.7%–93.0%), respectively, in the contrapositive approach. No significant difference was evident in the AUC between the real-world approach and the contrapositive approach (0.792 [95% CI, 0.775–0.810] vs. 0.782 [95% CI, 0.762–0.803], P>0.05).Conclusion We found overestimation (false positive) and underestimation (false negative) in the uncooperative group depending on the scenario-based EMS stroke screening policy for uncooperative prehospital patients suspected of acute stroke.
Chronic juvenile stress exacerbates neurobehavioral dysfunction and neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury in adult mice
Authors: Park Sung-Jin , Park Hyun-Jeong , Kim Backyoun , Kim Young-Min , Lee Suk-Woo , Kim Hoon
Published: February 2023

Objective Chronic stress in adolescence may affect brain maturation and predispose individuals to psychiatric disorders in adulthood. However, whether chronic juvenile stress influences vulnerability to nonpsychiatric brain injuries, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), remains unclear. Therefore, we hypothesized that juvenile stress-related neuronal circuit disturbances could aggravate brain damage following TBI in adulthood.Methods For chronic stress, we used an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) procedure for 5 weeks in adolescent mice. This was followed by a controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury to evaluate the influence of chronic juvenile stress on brain damage progression following TBI in adult mice. Mice underwent UCMS alone, UCMS followed by CCI, CCI alone, or sham operation. We characterized neurobehavioral deficits (Barnes maze, open field, and light-dark tests), neuroinflammation (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 [Iba-1], glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP], and neuron-specific nuclear protein [NeuN] immunoreactivity), and apoptosis (B-cell lymp [Bcl-2], Bcl-2-associated X protein [Bax], and procaspase-3 immunoreactivity).Results Following CCI, mice exposed to UCMS showed decreased spatial learning and memory in the Barnes maze test compared with unstressed mice. A significant increase in Iba-1, GFAP, and Bax/Bcl-2 immunostaining levels was observed in the mice exposed to UCMS followed by CCI compared with the CCI-only mice. In contrast, a significant decrease in NeuN immunostaining levels was observed in the UCMS with CCI group compared with the CCI alone group.Conclusion Chronic stress in a juvenile mouse model aggravates neurobehavioral impairments and potentiates glial reactivity, neuronal injury, and apoptosis following moderate-to-severe TBI that occurs in adulthood. The present study suggests that juvenile chronic stress may influence poor outcomes following TBI in later adulthood.
Data Mining Methods to Compare Englishes
Authors: Donina Olga Valer’evna
Published: February 2023

The paper presents the results of the corpus-based research of noun cryptotypes in 20 varieties of English (Englishes). The data for this research collected from Mark Davies’ corpora GloWbE and NOW enabled us to focus on variation in the covert classification of nouns in modern Englishes. A noun cryptotype introduced by Whorf is approached as ‘a covert type of classification of nouns, marked by lexical selection in a syntactical classifier rather than a morphological tag’. The purpose of the study has been to compare and contrast the covert classification of basic 23 emotions in 20 Englishes (64,702 tokens). 20 Englishes have been clustered with the help of Data Mining methods (such as k-means clustering and a self-organizing Kohonen map). There are six clusters that appeared to be corresponding to geographic areas: American cluster (American and Canadian Englishes); Australian cluster (Australian and New Zealand Englishes); European cluster (British and Irish Englishes); Asian cluster (Indian, Pakistani, Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysian, Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan, and Philippine Englishes); African cluster (Kenyan, South African, Nigerian, Ghanaian, and Tanzanian Englishes); Caribbean cluster (Jamaican English). The correlation coefficients among Englishes in the Asian and African clusters (the Outer Circle in the World Englishes Paradigm of Braj B. Kachru) range from 0.74 to 0.8 due to little contact among the varieties inside these clusters. The correlation coefficients between Englishes in the American, Australian and European clusters (the Inner Circle, Kachru) range from 0.92 to 0.933, which indicates a high consistency of these varieties owing to the long lasting, enduring linguistic contacts.
Detecting Influential Users in Social Networks Based on Bipartite Comments Graph
Authors: Pastukhov Roman Konstantinivich , Drobyshevskiy Mikhail Dmitrievich , Turdakov Denis Yurievich
Published: February 2023

With the development of online social networks, the task of identifying users who have a great influence on other participants in social networks is becoming increasingly important. An important source of information is user comments on content created by other users. The paper proposes a method for determining influence based on a bipartite user-comment-content graph. It incorporates information about text messages and the reactions of other users to them. In addition, we propose a method for identifying user communities in such a graph based on common interests. Experiments on data collections from VKontakte and YouTube networks show the correlation between user activity and influence, however, the most active commenters are not necessarily the most influential. Community analysis shows a positive correlation between the size of a community, the number of most influential users in it, and the average influence of community users.
PERCEPÇÃO DA AUTOESTIMA E AUTOIMAGEM DE IDOSOS PRATICANTES E NÃO PRATICANTES DO MÉTODO PILATES
Authors: DE AZEVEDO SABRINA FERNANDES , SILVA GABRIELA SOUZA , DA SILVA ELAINE CRISTINE , DOS REIS MILENA KETZER CALIENDO , ANDRADE RUBIAN DIEGO , DOS SANTOS POLIANA PIOVEZANA , VIEIRA CÍNTIA , DA SILVA RUDNEY
Published: February 2023

O processo de envelhecimento pode produzir uma diminuição na percepção da autoimagem e autoestima. Estas mudanças decorrentes do envelhecimento podem ser amenizadas pela prática de atividade física. Objetivo: Avaliar e comparar a autoestima e autoimagem em idosos praticantes e não praticantes do método Pilates. Método: A amostra foi constituída por 60 participantes divididos em dois grupos: G1 com 30 idosos praticantes do método Pilates e o G2 contendo 30 idosos não praticantes de exercício físico, ambos os grupos com idade igual ou maior de 60 anos. O instrumento utilizado foi o questionário de autoestima e autoimagem desenvolvido por Steglich e uma ficha de avaliação para caracterizar os idosos. O tratamento estatístico foi calculado e descrito no programa BioEstat 5.0 com nível de significância de p≤0,05 determinado pelo teste qui- quadrado. Resultados: Observou-se que os praticantes de Pilates apresentaram elevada autoestima e autoimagem comparada ao grupo que não praticava exercícios físicos. Em relação ao G1 o principal motivo de ingresso e permanência no programa foi a melhora da saúde física e mental. A maior parte dos idosos realizavam a prática de Pilates com frequência de duas vezes por semana e a maioria já praticava esta modalidade de 4 a 12 meses. Conclusão: O método Pilates pode beneficiar na melhoria da autoestima e autoimagem em idosos. Palavras Chave: idosos, autoimagem, técnicas de exercício e de movimento.
Elaboración del presupuesto de utilidad bruta
Authors:   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Venera Cruz Luis Enrique , Escalante Pérez Carlos Enrique
Published: February 2023

Esta guía práctica de clase expondrá todos los pasos para el desarrollo de un presupuesto de utilidad bruta. Tiene como finalidad abordar los diferentes conceptos y procedimientos presupuestales con el ánimo de que los estudiantes pongan en práctica lo aprendido durante el desarrollo del curso de Elaboración de Presupuesto. En una primera parte se desarrollarán los principales conceptos relacionados con costos. Allí se abordarán definiciones de conceptos como materia prima, mano de obra directa, costos indirectos de fabricación y presupuesto. Posteriormente, se detallarán todos los procedimientos con sus respectivas tablas para realizar cada una de las cédulas presupuestarias para la vigencia de un año, incluyendo cada una de las fórmulas para su desarrollo. Con esto se busca que los estudiantes del curso de Elaboración de Presupuesto de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia desarrollen las competencias del Hacer, que busca cómo realizar un presupuesto de compras, ventas, inventarios, costos de producción y de utilidad bruta.
Finitely-cosmall Quotients
Authors: KALEBOĞAZ Berke
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we first define the notion of finitely-cosmall quotient (singly-cosmall quotient) morphisms. Then we give a characterization of this new concept. We show that an epimorphism p:Y→U is a finitely-cosmall quotient (singly-cosmall quotient) if and only if for any right R-module Z any morphism g:Z→Y such that pg is a finitely-copartial isomorphism (singly-copartial isomorphism) from Z to Y with codomain U is a finitely (singly) split epimorphism. We also investigate the relation between pure-cosmall quotient and finitely-cosmall quotient (singly-cosmall quotient) morphisms. We prove that over a right Noetherian ring R, an epimorphism p:Y→U is a pure-cosmall quotient morphism if and only if p is a finitely-cosmall quotient (singly-cosmall quotient) morphism. Moreover, we obtain an example of right minimal morphisms by using finitely-cosmall quotient (singly-cosmall quotient) morphisms.
You say yes, I say no: Investigating the link between meaning and form in response particles
Authors: Maldonado Mora , Culbertson Jennifer
Published: February 2023

Response particles, like English ‘yes’ and ‘no’, are used to respond to polar questions or assertions and are found in all languages. However, the number of particles and the specific meanings they convey vary across languages. For example, in some languages particles mainly convey whether the response itself is positive or negative, while in others they convey whether the response is agreeing or disagreeing with previous discourse. Further, some languages have two response particles, while others have three, or even four. Recent work suggests that how meanings tend to be mapped to forms cross-linguistically might nevertheless be constrained. Roelofsen & Farkas (2015) suggest that indicating disagreement with a negative question or assertion (e.g., A: ‘Ally doesn’t eat meat.’ B: ‘Yes, he does.’) is more marked than indicating agreement with a positive assertion (e.g., A: ‘Ally eats meat.’ B: ‘Yes, he does’.). This difference in semantic markedness is argued to lead to a difference in form: more marked meanings are mapped to more specialized forms. Here we investigate this hypothesis in a series of behavioral experiments. Across our experiments, we find that participants are indeed sensitive to the differences in meaning that particles can convey. However, not all of the differences implicated by the hierarchy hypothesized in Roelofsen & Farkas (2015) are supported by our results, and we find evidence highlighting an unexpected special role for Positive Agreement—the least marked meaning.
OECD ÜLKELERİNİN SAĞLIK GÖSTERGELERİ VE SAĞLIK FİNANSMAN MODELLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: ŞAHİN Kevser , CEZLAN Esra Çiğdem
Published: February 2023

Ülkelerin benimsedikleri sağlık finansman modelleri sağlık hizmetlerine erişimi dolayısıyla da sağlık göstergelerini etkilemektedir. Bu sebeple ülkelerin sağlık göstergelerinin kıyaslanması ve finansman modellerine göre değerlendirilmesi ile elde edilen bilgiler önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada sağlık göstergelerinin AHP (Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci) ile ağırlıklandırılması, TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to İdeal Solution) yöntemi ile de OECD ülkelerinin sıralamasının yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Literatürde yer alan çalışmalardan farklı olarak elde edilen veriler ile OECD ülkelerinin sağlık finansman yöntemlerine göre değerlendirilmesi çalışmanın özgün yanını oluşturmaktadır. Sağlık göstergelerinin ikili karşılaştırmalarında Saaty (2000) tarafından geliştirmiş dokuz ölçekli skala ile dört uzman görüş alınmıştır. AHP yöntemi kapsamında anne ölüm oranı en etkili kriter olarak saptanmıştır. En az etkili kriter bin kişi başına düşen hastane yatağı kriteri olmuştur. Kriter ağırlıkları ile birlikte OECD ülkelerinin 2019 yılı verileri kullanılarak TOPSIS yöntemine göre sıralaması yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda Beveridge Modelini benimseyen Norveç ilk sırada, Bismarck Modelini benimseyen İsviçre ikinci sırada yer almıştır. Özel finansman yöntemini benimseyen ABD yirmi yedinci, karma finansman modelini benimseyen Türkiye ise yirmi dokuzuncu sırada yer almıştır. Türkiye’nin sağlık düzeyi göstergelerinin iyileştirebilmesi için; sağlık hizmetlerine erişimi kolaylaştırmalı ve sağlık hizmetlerinin en verimli şekilde finansmanı sağlanmalıdır
On Strengthening the Legal Status of the Court in the First Trial Stage of the Criminal Procedure
Authors:   Southwestern State University, Ryabinina Tatiana K.
Published: February 2023

The article analyzes the issues related to the powers of the court at the stage of appointment and preparation of the court session, ensuring the implementation of the judiciary at the present stage of the criminal process, including the following issues: features of the control, verification, organizational, and administrative activities of the court as a form of exercising the judicial power; a differentiated approach to modern legal regulation of judicial activity in the studied stage of the process of administering justice; the need to improve the legal status of a judge as the sole bearer of judiciary by expanding the scope of their powers when deciding on a criminal case submitted to the court.
Social Connections of Persons Sentenced to the Deprivation of Freedom as a Factor of Their Differentiation
Authors:   Tomsk Institute for Advanced Training of Employees of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Savushkin Sergey M.
Published: February 2023

Restrictions on contacts of convicts with the outside world have a negative effect on their correction, which, given the goals of the penitentiary system, seems paradoxical. For this reason, the differentiation of the types of correctional institutions and the conditions for serving sentences by the number of visits is clearly outdated. International standards presume any social contact with the outside world (family, friends, partner, people outside the prison) to be positive. Social ties can be divided into close relative and other. Accordingly, the item on serving a sentence in the place of residence before conviction should first of all apply to those who have family ties in this region. When determining the place of serving a sentence in another constituent entity of the Russian Federation in relation to convicts who do not have family and/or friendly ties, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of their employment, training, and obtaining a profession. In the context of convicts' desocialization in prisons, it seems important to develop their social communication skills, which will contribute to their active resocialization after release from prisons.
Principles of Organizing Penitentiary Supervision by the Prosecutor's Office
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Voronin Oleg V.
Published: February 2023

Penitentiary supervision is a separate type of prosecutor's supervision carried out within the framework of the relevant sectors. It is based on the key principles of organizing prosecutor's supervision: the unity of the prosecutor's system, centralization, independence, legality and publicity of its activities, as well as on the organizational principles: delimitation of competence and powers by zones and objects. The main issues of the structure of penitentiary supervision are resolved at the level of regional prosecutor's offices according to the zone and object principle, taking into account the priority of territories in organizing prosecutor's supervision. Organizing of penitentiary supervision is based on the general principles of the organization and activities of the prosecutor's office, taking into account the specifics of supervision over the legality of compulsory isolation - certain features of its implementation due to the broad subordinate normative legal regulation and the special composition of the bodies and officials of the prosecutor's office who exercise it. In this regard, it is necessary to have significant specialization in the implementation of prosecutor's supervision activities, which is an additional argument for the functioning of specialized prosecutor's offices to supervise the observance of laws in correctional institutions, which also presupposes prosecutors' deep immersion in a separate regulatory legal array. The specialization should not be radical, with significant structural changes in the existing prosecutor's activities. It seems sufficient to create appropriate working conditions in the relevant prosecutor's offices by, for instance, releasing prosecutors from other non-core duties.