bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NEK5 Activity Regulates the Mesenchymal and Migratory Phenotype in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Matossian Margarite , Elliott Steven , Hoang Van T. , Burks Hope E. , Wright Maryl K. , Alzoubi Madlin , Yan Thomas , Chang Tiffany , Wathieu Henri , Windsor Gabrielle , Hartono Alifiani Bo , Lee Sean , Zuercher William J. , Drewry David H. , Wells Carrow , Kapadia Nirav , Buechlein Aaron , Fang Fang , Nephew Kenneth P. , Collins-Burow Bridgette M. , Burow Matthew E.
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Breast cancer remains a prominent global disease affecting women worldwide despite the emergence of novel therapeutic regimens. Metastasis is responsible for most cancer-related deaths, and acquisition of a mesenchymal and migratory cancer cell phenotypes contributes to this devastating disease. The utilization of kinase targets in drug discovery have revolutionized the field of cancer research but despite impressive advancements in kinase-targeting drugs, a large portion of the human kinome remains under-studied in cancer. NEK5, a member of the Never-in-mitosis kinase family, is an example of such an understudied kinase. Here, we characterized the function of NEK5 in breast cancer. Methods: Stably overexpressing NEK5 cell lines (MCF-7) and shRNA knockdown cell lines (MDA-MB-231, TU-BcX-4IC) were utilized. Cell morphology changes were evaluated using immunofluorescence and quantification of cytoskeletal components. Cell proliferation was assessed by Ki-67 staining and transwell migration assays tested cell migration capabilities. In vivo experiments with murine models were necessary to demonstrate NEK5 function in breast cancer tumor growth and metastasis. Results: NEK5 activation altered breast cancer cell morphology and promoted cell migration independent of effects on cell proliferation. NEK5 overexpression or knockdown does not alter tumor growth kinetics but promotes or suppresses metastatic potential in a cell type specific manner, respectively. Conclusion: While NEK5 activity modulated cytoskeletal changes and cell motility, NEK5 activity affected cell seeding capabilities but not metastatic colonization or proliferation in vivo. Here we characterized NEK5 function in breast cancer systems and we implicate NEK5 in regulating specific steps of metastatic progression.
RASopathies and Hemostatic Abnormalities: Key Role of Platelet Dysfunction
Authors: Francesca Di Candia , Valeria Marchetti , Ferdinando Cirillo , Alessandro Di Minno , Carmen Rosano , Stefano Pagano , Anna Siano Maria , Mariateresa Falco , Assunto Antonia , Boccia Giovanni , Magliacane Gerardo , Valentina Pinna , Alessandro De Luca , Marco Tartaglia , G Di Minno , Pietro Strisciuglio , Daniela Melis
Published: April 2021

Background: Bleeding anomalies occur in patients affected by Noonan syndrome. No study has been performed in patients with molecularly confirmed RASopathy. We aimed to characterize the frequency and types of bleeding disorders in patients with RASopathies and evaluate any significant association with laboratory findings. Patients and methods: Forty-nine individuals (PTPN11, n=27; SOS1, n=7; RIT1, n=3; SPRED1, n=1; LZTR1, N=3; RAF1, n=2; BRAF, n=4; MEK1, n=1; MEK2, n=1), and 49 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled in the study. The “Paediatric Bleeding Questionnaire Scoring Key” was administered to patients and families. Laboratory screening tests including clotting factors dosing, platelet count, prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time, were employed both in patients and controls to characterize the bleeding diathesis. A subgroup of 29/49 patients and 29/49 controls was also tested for platelet function. Results: Regardless the gene involved, pathological bleeding scores were recorded in 14 (28.5%) patients. Among these, 7 were mutated in PTPN11 (26% of total cases with PTPN11 mutations), 3 in SOS1 (43%), 2 in RIT1 (67%), 1 in BRAF (25%), and 1 in MEK1. Compared to patients with normal bleeding scores, those with pathologic bleeding score showed higher prevalence of splenomegaly (p=0.006), prolonged aPTT (p = 0.04), lower levels of coagulation factor V (FV) (p = 0.001), factor VII (FVII) (p = 0.003), factor X (FX) (p = 0.0008) and factor XIII (FXIII) (p = 0.002), higher vWAg (p = 0.04), and lower platelet sensitivity to Ristocetin (p = 0.001), arachidonic acid (AA) (p = 0.009) and collagen (p = 0.01). The presence of hematomas inversely correlated with FV (p = 0.002), FVII (p = 0.003), FX (p = 0.002) and FXIII (p = 0.004) levels, and directly correlated with platelet response to collagen (p = 0.02) and AA (p = 0.01). The presence of splenomegaly directly correlated with occurrence of hematoma (p=0.006), platelet response to Ristocetin (p = 0.04) and AA (p = 0.04), and inversely correlated with FV levels (p = 0.03).Conclusions: Patients with RASopaties and a bleeding tendency exhibit multiple coagulation-related laboratory abnormalities, including platelet-related disorders. Splenomegaly is frequently detected and might be a suggestive sign for qualitative platelet dysfunction. A comprehensive clinical assessment should be carried out at diagnosis, during the follow-up and before any surgical procedures. Since there is currently no consensus on management of bleeding complications, it is important that physicians closely monitor these patients.
What Determinants Are Needed to Hookah Smoking Control: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Dadipoor Sakineh , Heyrani Ali , mirzaei-Alavijeh Mehdi , Aghamolaei Teamur , Ghaffari Mohtasham , Ghanbarnezhad Amin
Published: April 2021

Background: There is evidence that HS is correlated with severe diseases. The present research aims to explore the determinants of hookah smoking (HS) control in Bandar Abbas city in the south of Iran.Method: This study is the first qualitative conventional content analysis of the determinants of hookah smoking (HS) control between 2018 and 2019. The participants were 62 in number (21 women with a history of failed cessation, 20 with successful cessation and 21 experts in tobacco consumption control) were selected purposively to take part in a semi-structured interview. An interview guide was followed and the interviews continued until data saturation. The interviews were audio-recorded and then transcribed verbatim. MAXQDA 10.0 was used for data analysis.Results: The participants. Overall, 5 main themes were extracted: Employing trusted influentials to address HS, Controlling HS by alternative services, Changing beliefs and attitudes toward HS, Executing administrative and regulatory measures, Facilitating HS cessation.Conclusion: The results revealed that the key determinants of controlling hookah smoking are wide and varied. They are also multi-dimensional and include different environmental, social and political factors. Controlling hookah smoking can be only effective when all individual, inter-individual, social, political and organizational determinants are considered.
Mathematical Validation of Measurement of Root Fracture Resistance: An in Vitro Study.
Authors: Bagheri Rafat , Abbaszadegan Abbas , Nabavizadeh Mohammad R , Ferooz Maryam , Parashos Peter
Published: April 2021

Background: This study aimed to develop a mathematically valid method of assessing fracture resistance of roots. The model developed used mesial roots of lower molars instrumented using stainless steel hand files (SS) and two rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) systems. Methods: Eighty human lower molars were selected and randomly divided into four groups (n=20). After instrumentation, the root canals were obturated using thermoplasticized gutta percha. The roots were covered with a simulated periodontal ligament and mounted vertically in autopolymerizing acrylic in PVC tubes. Using a universal testing machine, the force to fracture (N) was applied and the maximum load (FL) was recorded. Remaining dentin volume was calculated and the fracture resistance (FR) was recorded. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 with P < .05.Results: There were no significant differences among the instrumentation methods for FL but in FR the roots instrumented using rotary NiTi showed significantly lower values than control groups and SS files (P <0.001). Conclusions: Considering the effect of root length, volume of the root, and volume of the instrumented canal as well as the maximum failure load may be a more objective method of reporting fracture resistance of roots.
Effect of Disordered Gut Microbiota on Serum Metabolome Alterations in Colorectal Tumor-Bearing Mice Under The Intervention of Fufangchangtai
Authors: Cai Mengmeng , Lin Zhibing , Xiao Ya , Lu Jinmiao , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhu Shilan , Chen Xiaoyu , Gu Jialin , Ma Yuzhu , Chen Zhaoguo , Huo Jiege
Published: April 2021

Background: The occurrence and development of colorectal cancer is related to the compositional and functional variation of gut microbiota. Compared with healthy people, gut microbiota of patients with colorectal cancer is in disorder. Most traditional Chinese Medicine is effective by oral administration and has both anti-tumor effect and enteric microecological regulative effect. However, whether the dysbiosis of gut microbiota under tumor burden affects the serum metabolome of human body that related to traditional Chinese medicine is unclear. In this study, Fufangchangtai (FFCT) was chosen to be the model prescription to explore the correlation between gut microbiota and the serum metabolism related to FFCT in anti colorectal cancer treatment. Results: The gut microbiota between colorectal tumor-bearing mice and healthy mice were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showing quite differences between the two groups and suggesting that Firmicutes , Deferribacteres , Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were marked differential intestinal bacteria. The alternations in serum metabolome in the FFCT-treating tumor-bearing mice and simple FFCT-treating mice were detected using Liquid chromatogragh-mass spectrometer (LC/MS), showing significant differences between the two groups as well. Metabolites of FFCT like Citric acid, （±）12-HEPE, Cycloartanyl ferulate were much more in simple FFCT-treating mice, indicating that the present of tumor could affect the absorption and metabolism of FFCT. Additionally, these differential metabolites of FFCT involved in multiple pathways including the Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, Central carbon metabolism in cancer, Biosynthesis of amino acids. Different doses of FFCT were given to the tumor-bearing mice through oral administration, and the results of gut microbiota 16S rRNA gene sequencing showing that FFCT-treating groups has higher abundance of Firmicutes , Turicibacter and Roseburia than tumor-bearing group, moreover, the abundance of these bacteria was positively correlated to the drug concentration. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in FFCT-treating groups showed a similar trend with Healthy group, indicating the modulation of FFCT on gut microbiota of colorectal tumor-bearing mice.Conclusions: Collectively, we concluded that the dysbiosis of gut microbiota in tumor-bearing mice could affect the serum metabolome of human body that related to FFCT, and FFCT could correct the gut microbiota of colorectal tumor-bearing mice. It was pointed out that the GM should be concerned during the therapy of FFCT. The more healthier intestinal microenvironment was conductive to the better clinical curative effect.
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, barriers and facilitators among healthcare workers in Pakistan
Authors: Rehman Khalid , Hakim Muhammad , Arif Nauman , Islam Siraj Ul , Saboor Abdul , Asif Muhammad , Ramharter Michael
Published: April 2021

BackgroundVaccines are one of the main cornerstones in the global initiatives to control the COVID-19 pandemic. National vaccination programs largely depend on vaccine availability and acceptance by a large proportion of the population to confer a measurable impact on SARS-CoV-2 transmission. In this study we determine the acceptance, barriers and facilitators of COVID-19 vaccination amongst healthcare workers (HCWs) in PakistanMethodsA structured and validated questionnaire was used in an online cross-sectional study. Health care workers residing in Pakistan were invited between 31st January to 9th February to participate in this survey ResultsA total of 436 health-care workers took part in this survey and among those 327 (75%) were doctors. 260 (60%) health-care workers indicated that they would accept vaccination against COVID-19. 308 (71%) were completely confident or confident in using USA, UK manufactured COVID-19 vaccine. The acceptance concerning a potential Chinese vaccine was 267 (61%). 292 (67%) strongly agreed or agreed that they are concerned about the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination while the concerns for safety were 293 (67%) ConclusionsAbout a third of HCWs, a group generally biased towards early acceptance of health interventions – expressed concerns or refusal of vaccination against COVID-19 in this survey. A dedicated communication plan and information campaign addressing the issues of efficacy, quality, logistics and religious concerns is needed to address these hurdles to allow for a successful national vaccination campaign.
Mapping and Identification of Genetic Loci Affecting Earliness of Bolting and Flowering in Lettuce
Authors: Rosental Leah , Still David W. , You Youngsook , Hayes Ryan J. , Simko Ivan
Published: April 2021

Bolting, defined as stem elongation, marks the plant life cycle transition from vegetative to reproductive stage. Lettuce is grown for its leaf rosettes, and premature bolting may reduce crop quality resulting in economic losses. The transition to reproductive stage is a complex process that involves many genetic and environmental factors. In this study the effects of photoperiod and ambient temperature on bolting and flowering regulation was studied by utilizing a lettuce mapping population to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) and by gene expression analyses of genotypes with contrasting phenotypes. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, derived from a cross between PI251246 (early bolting) and cv. Salinas (late bolting), was grown in four combinations of short (8 hours) and long (16 hours) days and low (20°C) and high (35°C) temperature. QTL models revealed both genetic (G) and environmental (E) effects, and GxE interactions. A major QTL for bolting and flowering time was found on chromosome 7 (qFLT7.2) and two candidate genes were identified by fine mapping, homology and gene expression studies. In short days and high temperature conditions qFLT7.2 had no effect on plant development, while several small-effect loci on chromosomes 2, 3, 6, 8 and 9 were associated with bolting and flowering. Of these, the QTL on chromosome 2, qBFr2.1, co-located with the Flowering Locus T (LsFT) gene. Polymorphisms between parent genotypes in the promotor region may explain identified gene expression differences, and were used to design a genetic marker which may be used to identify the late bolting trait.
Internet Addiction and its Associated Factors Among Dilla University Undergraduate Students, Dilla, Ethiopia, 2019: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mengistu Nebiyu , Tarekegn Desalegn , Molla Wondwosen , Shumye Seid
Published: April 2021

Background: Internet addiction is characterized by excessive or poorly controlled preoccupation, urges or behavior regarding computer use and internet access that lead to impairment or distress. Globally, it has been found that the occurrence rate of internet addiction among university students ranges from 0.8% to 47.7%. Despite, there are multiple challenges that related with internet addiction which remains under-recognized and largely ignored by stakeholders and also not well known especially in low income countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted aimed to assess the magnitude of the internet addiction and its associated factors among undergraduate students. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was employed from May 1st to June 1st 2019. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to get a total of 846 undergraduate Students. Data was collected by using self-administered structured questionnaires of Young’s Internet Addiction Test. The collected data was coded and entered into EPIDATA 3.1 and analyzed by using SPSS version 22, Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with internet addiction and statistically significant was considered at P-value <0.05. Results: A total of 846 study participants, giving a response rate were 761 (90%) and the prevalence of internet addiction was 19.4%. Multiple logistic regression model revealed that being male [AOR=1.69, 95% CI: (1.80, 6.41)], probable depression [AOR =3.61, 95% CI (2.40, 5.43)] and khat or caffeinated drinks [AOR=1.86, 95%CI: (1.21, 2.87)] were significantly associated with internet addiction.Conclusion: This study revealed that a high prevalence of internet addiction among Dilla university students and there were various factors associated with increased prevalence of problematic internet use. Therefore, students need to be educated about safe, valuable, and healthy practice of internet use and better to counsel on substance use and its consequences and also psychiatric evaluation (referring for mental health services) to overcome the anticipated increase in internet addiction
Clinical Analysis of Gut Barrier Dysfunction in Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer Undergoing Cytoreductive Surgery and HIPEC
Authors: Ping Le lai , Mian Jiang xu , Wei Chen
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy combinedwith cytoreductive surgery is a preferred treatment option for advanced colorectal cancer patients. However, little is known whether the HIPEC can cause the damage of gut barrier function.Methods: A total of 123 patients underwent surgical resection for advanced CRC. Sixty-five patients were treated HIPEC after cytoreductive surgery whereas 58 patients underwent surgery only. Gut barrier function were evaluated using the expression of serum DAO/D-la/ET on D1/D5/D10 after surgery. Both groups were compared for patient characteristics, perioperative data and gut barrier function. Moreover, rats received intraperitoneal injection of retetrexed to observe possible changes of colonic structure under optical microscope.Results: Both groups were comparable with respect to general patient characteristics and post-operative complications. The HIPEC+CRS group was associated with a higher postoperative serum level of DAO/D-la on D1/D5 (p < 0.05) and ET on D5 after surgery (p < 0.05) than that of the surgery only group. Ten days after surgery showed no statistical difference between the 2 groups (p > 0.05).A large area structure disorder, epithelial necrosis, glandular deformation and a large number of lymphocytes infiltration was found in the lamina propria in animals received intraperitoneal injection of retetrexed.Conclusion: In this study, CRS combined with HIPEC does have but only an irreversible impact on gut barrier for advanced CRC patients.
Acute Organ Failure and Risk of Admission to Intensive Medical Care in Cancer Patients, A Single Centre Inception Cohort Study
Authors: Coelho Sara , Ribeiro Teresa , Pereira Isabel , Duarte Delfim , Afonso Ana , Meneses Iolanda , Pinelas Sofia , Pereira Brigitte , Coelho Fernando , Martins Anabela , Sousa Nuno , Faria Filomena
Published: April 2021

Background: Risk of acute organ failure (AOF) in cancer patients on systemic antineoplastic treatment is unknown. However, up to 5% of non-hematologic and 15% of hematologic cancer patients will need to be admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). IPOPSCI-2017/01 is a prospective cohort study designed to ascertain the cumulative incidence of AOF and ICU admission in adult cancer patients. Methods: Single centre prospective cohort study with consecutive sampling of adult cancer patients admitted for unscheduled inpatient care while on, or up to 8 weeks after, systemic cancer treatment. Primary endpoints were cumulative risk of developing AOF and of ICU admission. Six months accrual expected an accrual of 400 patients to infer a population risk of ICU admission with a precision error of 2% and type 1 error of 5%. Results: Between August 2018 and February 2019, 10392 patients were on systemic anti-neoplastic treatment, 358 had unscheduled inpatient care and were eligible for inclusion and 285 were included. Mean age was 60.9 years-old, 50.9% were male, 52.3% had adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥3 and hematologic cancers accounted for 17.9% of patients. The cumulative risk of AOF on hospital admission was 29.5% (95%CI: 26-33) and during hospital stay was 39.6% (95%CI: 35-44). Cumulative risk of ICU admission of the patients with AOF was 15.0% (95%CI: 12-18) and if artificial life support criteria and AOF, cumulative risk of ICU admission was 31.5% (95%CI:CI: 23-40). On admission, 62.1% of patients were considered not eligible for artificial organ replacement therapy (no-AORT) and 34.3% of patients who developed AOF while in-hospital were judged no-AORT. Overall, 17 (15%) patients with AOF were admitted to ICU, 31.5% for AORT. Median follow up was 9.5 months. Inpatient mortality was 17.5%, with ICU mortality rate of 58.8%, with median cohort survival 134 days (95%CI: 106-162). On multivariate analysis, AOF was an independent poor prognostic factor (HR 1.6; 95%CI: 1.2-2.2). Conclusions: Risk of AOF in cancer patients admitted for unscheduled inpatient care while on systemic treatment is 39.6%, and risk of ICU admission is 15.0%. AOF in cancer patients was an independent poor prognostic factor for inpatient hospital stay and 6-months survival.
Minimally-invasive Tubular Surgery Versus Conventional Surgery in the Treatment of Spinal Metastasis: a Retrospective Case-control Study
Authors: Shi Xuedong , Cui Yunpeng , Mi Chuan , Wang Bing , Li Chunwei , Pan Yuanxing , Lin Yunfei
Published: April 2021

Background: This study aims to evaluate the perioperative safety and efficacy of minimally-invasive tubular surgery for spinal metastasis with different blood supply.Methods: 72 patients with spinal metastasis between January 2011 to June 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. 14 patients underwent minimally-invasive tubular surgery (Mini-invasive group), and 58 patients underwent conventional surgery (Conventional group). T-test and Mann–Whitney U test was used to evaluate the difference in demographic and perioperative data between the two groups.Results: Baseline characteristics did not differ significantly between the two groups except for the Tokuhashi score (p=0.036). Overall, conventional group had significantly more blood loss (P=0.001), blood transfused(P=0.027), drainage(P<0.001), and longer time of drainage tube(P<0.001), postoperative hospitalization(P=0.002) compared with the mini-invasive group. Sub-analysis showed that for patients with hypo-vascular tumor, trans-channel decompression surgery had all advantages mentioned above. For patients with hyper-vascular tumor, trans-channel decompression surgery only had advantages on the drainage related events. Patients with hyper-vascular tumor had significantly more blood loss compared with patients with hypo-vascular tumor among mini-invasive group.Conclusion: In selected cases with spinal metastasis, minimally-invasive tubular surgery is safe and effective for patients with spinal metastasis. Patients with hypo-vascular tumor were more suitable for this technique with less blood loss, less blood transfused, less drainage and shorter postoperative hospitalization.
The Invasive Seaweed Asparagopsis Taxiformis Erodes the Primary Productivity and Biodiversity of Native Algal Forests in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Mancusoa F. Paolo , D’Agostaro Riccardo , Milazzo Marco , Badalamenti Fabio , Musco Luigi , Mikac Barbara , Brutto Sabrina Lo , Chemello Renato
Published: April 2021

Invasive seaweeds are listed among the most relevant threats to marine ecosystems worldwide. Biodiversity hotspots, such as the Mediterranean Sea, are facing multiple invasions and are expected to be severely affected by the introduction of new non-native seaweeds in the near future. In this study, we evaluated the consequences of the shift from the native Ericaria brachycarpa to the invasive Asparagopsis taxiformis habitat at shallow rocky shores of Favignana Island (Egadi Islands, MPA, Sicily, Italy). We compared algal biomass and species composition and structure of the associated epifaunal assemblages in homogenous and mixed stands of E. brachycarpa and A. taxiformis. Results showed that the biomass of primary producers is reduced by 90% in the A. taxiformis invaded habitat compared to the E. brachycarpa native habitat. The structure of the epifaunal assemblages displayed significant variations among homogenous and mixed stands. The abundance, species richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the epifaunal assemblages decreased by 89%, 78% and 40%, respectively from homogenous stands of the native E. brachycarpa to the invasive A. taxiformis. Seaweed biomass was the structural attribute better explaining the variation of epifaunal abundance, species richness and diversity. Overall, our results suggest that the shift from E. brachycarpa to A. taxiformis habitat would drastically erode the biomass of primary producers and the associated biodiversity. We hypothesize that a complete shift from native to invasive seaweeds can ultimately lead to bottom-up effects in rocky shore habitats, with negative consequences for the ecosystem structure, functioning and the services provided.
Paclitaxel and Mortality in Patients With Claudication and De Novo Femoropopliteal Lesions: A Historical Cohort Study
Authors: Gahide Gerald , Phaneuf Samuel C. , Cossette Mathilde , Banine Amine , Budimir Martina , Maghsoudloo Kourosh , Fei Phillip , Dou Bo Yi , Bouthillier Maxime , Alain Charles , Bradette Simon , Noel-Lamy Maxime , Belzile Francois , Bui Bao The , Despatis Marc Antoine , Vendrell Jean Francois
Published: April 2021

Objective: To compare the mortality rates of patients with claudication and de novo femoropopliteal lesions treated with and without paclitaxel coated devices (PCD).Background: A recent meta-analysis, mostly including patients with claudication and de novo femoropopliteal lesions but also with recurrent stenoses and critical limb ischemia, has shown a significant excess mortality in patients treated with PCD.Methods: Comparison of two historical cohorts of patients presenting with claudication and de novo femoropopliteal lesions treated with and without PCD at our institution between 2008 and 2018.Results: After review of 5219 arteriograms in patients presenting with peripheral artery disease, 700 consecutive patients were included consisting in 72.6% of male (n=508). Mean age was 68.1±8.5 years. 45.7% of the patients (n=320) had a treatment including a PCD. Mean femoropopliteal lesion length was 123±91mm including 44.6% of occlusions. Patients of the control group were censored at crossover to paclitaxel when applicable. Mortality rates at 1, 2 and 5 years were 4.6%, 7.5%, 19.4% and 1.6%, 6.2%, 16.6% in the non-PCD and PCD groups respectively. The relative risks of death when using PCD were 0.35 (p=0.03), 0.83 (p= NS) and 0.86 (p= NS) at 1, 2 and 5 years respectively. Conclusion: There was no excess mortality in patients with claudication and de novo femoropopliteal lesions treated with paclitaxel coated devices at 1, 2 and 5 years of follow-up. The current study suggests that additional prospective randomized studies properly powered to study mortality are necessary.
Optic Nerve Head Elasticity and Corneal Biomechanics in Patients with Optical Disc Drusen and Optic Disc Edema
Authors: SARAC Ozge , TASCI Yelda Y , YESILIRMAK Nilufer , UNAL Ozlem , ONER Semih , CAGIL Nurullah
Published: April 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound elastography (USE) in differentiating optic disc drusen (ODD) from optic disc edema (ODE) and to investigate the relationship between corneal biomechanics and optic nerve elasticity. Methods: This prospective, clinical study included 28 eyes of 16 ODD patients (Group 1), 23 eyes of 18 ODE patients (Group 2) and 30 eyes of 15 healthy controls (Group 3). Best corrected distance visual acuity (BDVA), corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), corneal-compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc), Goldmann-correlated IOP (IOPg) and optic nerve head (ONH)-elasticity were measured. Results: The mean BDVA value was significantly lower in Group 2 compared to Groups 1 and 3 (p<0.001), there was no significant difference between Groups 1 and 3 (p=0.089). The mean intraconal fat to ONH ratio was significantly higher in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (p=0.008) and 3 (p=0.002), there was no significant difference between Group 2 and 3 (p=0.182). The receiver operating characteristic curve areas for ONH-elasticity in differentiating group 1 and group 2 was 0.728 (p=0.008) with 80% sensitivity and 60% specificity when the cut-off point was set at 2.29. Corneal biomechanics (CH, CRF, IOPcc, IOPg) were not different between the three groups (p>0.05), however there was a significant correlation between corneal and ONH biomechanics in drusen group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The evaluation of the ONH with USE seems to provide useful data in differentiating ODD from ODE. Significant correlation was revealed between corneal and ONH biomechanics in drusen group.
A Predictive Model for Hip Abductor Strength and Knee Extensor Strength 12 Months After Total Hip Arthroplasty With an Interaction Term
Authors: Sekita Junya , Takahira Naonobu , Iwamura Genki , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Kusaba Atsushi , Kondo Saiji
Published: April 2021

Background: Identifying populations with poor muscle recovery after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is important for postoperative physical therapy. Preoperative muscle strength is a strong factor that determines postoperative muscle strength. However, this effect may depend on other factors. Thus, predictive models with interaction terms are important for accurately predicting postoperative muscle strength. This study aimed to develop a predictive model for lower muscle strength 12 months after THA which incorporates interaction terms.Methods­: Subjects were female patients with hip osteoarthritis who underwent unilateral THA. Patients with locomotor disorders, neurological disorders, or postoperative complications were excluded. Hip abductor and knee extensor strength were measured, and a generalized linear model approach with preoperative muscle strength, age, body weight, height, disease duration, physical activity, and leg extension as explanatory variables was used to identify factors that determine muscle strength 12 months after THA. Models with interaction terms between preoperative muscle strength and other explanatory variables were also examined. Results: A total of 82 patients were analyzed. Preoperative muscle strength, age, body weight, physical activity, and disease duration were extracted as factors that significantly and independently determine hip abductor and knee extensor strength. The interaction term between preoperative muscle strength and age was identified as a factor that significantly determines knee extensor strength. Regression coefficients for preoperative knee extensor strength and postoperative muscle strength were significant when age was +1 SD, but not when age was -1 SD.Conclusions: The predictive model demonstrated that lower muscle strength 12 months after THA is determined by preoperative muscle strength, age, weight, physical activity, disease duration, and preoperative muscle strength, with the effect of preoperative muscle strength on knee extensor strength being dependent on age. When predicting postoperative knee extensor strength using preoperative muscle strength, it is important to consider the effect of age.
Epidemiology Aspects of Brucella-DNA Detection Using Real-time PCR from Bovine Whole Blood Samples in Colombia
Authors: Ramírez Olga Lucia Herrán , Santos Huarrisson Azevedo , Paulino Patrícia Gonzaga , Meer Carolina Soares van der , Bautista José Luis Rodríguez , Delgado Ingrid Lorena Jaramillo , Obando Juliana Gonzales , Garcia Rene Ramirez , Angelo Isabele Da Costa
Published: April 2021

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Colombia to recover Brucella spp. DNA from bovine whole-blood samples through probe-based real-time PCR (Probe-qPCR) and by an SNP-based assay, differentiating vaccine strains from field strains. The associated factors for the presence of Brucella-DNA were reported and evaluated using logistical regression models. A total of 656 random cows from 40 herds were selected. Template DNA was obtained based on a modified salting-out protocol. The Probe- qPCR assay using bcsp31 gene amplification showed an efficiency of 92.35%, with a slope of -3.52 reached in the standard curve. The qPCR assay detected 9.5% (n = 62/656; 95% CI: 7.3,12.0) of the animals with Brucella-DNA presence, and 62.5% (n = 25/40; 95% CI: 45.8,77.3) of the herds with Brucella-DNA presence. Using the SNP-based assay, all positive samples were identified as field Brucella strains. In the final regression model at the animal-level, five variables were associated with Brucella-DNA presence: the use of bulls for mating, recorded history of reproductive problems, pregnant cows, parlor milking, and cows belonging to farms ≤ 200 m from the main road. At the herd-level, two variables were associated with Brucella-DNA presence: recorded history of reproductive problems and bulls' use for mating. Given the fluctuant brucellosis prevalence in endemic areas, updated epidemiological studies are necessary to evaluate the disease dynamic, and if established prevention and control measures have been effective or need to be adjusted. The increase in the prevalence of brucellosis in animal reservoirs creates an important risk of transmission in humans.
Evolution of Old World monkeys and great apes links to massive and directional shrinkage of the dinucleotide short tandem repeat compartment
Authors: Arabfard M , Salesi M , Arabipour I , Ohadi M
Published: April 2021

Background: The evolutionary trend of short tandem repeats (STRs) at the crossroads of speciation remains largely elusive and attributed to random evolution for the most part. To explore this trend, we selected nine species, which shared sequential chronological ancestors, including rat, mouse, olive baboon, gelada, macaque, gorilla, chimpanzee, bonobo, and human, and collected three sets of data on the abundance of all classes of dinucleotide STRs (≥6-repeats) for three regions of every chromosome, each region spanning 10 Mb of DNA. Results: In all three datasets, we found directional shrinkage of the dinucleotide STR compartment as follows: rodents>Old World monkeys>great apes (P=0.000). The decremented gradient observed for the dinucleotide STRs was not detected for a number of other classes of STRs, such as mono and trinucleotide STRs. Conclusion: We report the first instance of massive and directional gradient of STRs, which may link with the evolution of Old World monkeys and great apes.
A Comparison of the Gut Microbiota Modulatory Effect of Pu-Erh and Dian Hong Black Tea
Authors: Tang Yong , Zhao Bo , Gong Chenhui , Xu Kunli , Zhu Hui , Wang Ning , Yang Zepeng , Wan Hailun , Wang Yuanhui
Published: April 2021

This study used Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology based on 16S rRNA V4 to explore and compare the regulatory effect of Dian Hong black tea and Pu-erh aqueous extract on the structure and diversity of the intestinal flora of mice. The results showed that the microbial communities from mice treated with water (W), Pu-erh (P), and Dian Hong black tea (R) clustered together and separated along the principal coordinate axis. In addition, the relative abundance of the two predominant microbial divisions (phylum level) of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in mice differed from those treated with water, Pu-erh, and Dian Hong black tea. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was 2.37 in the W group and significantly increased in the P and R groups (2.63 and 3.99). According to the Venn diagrams, a total of 620 OTUs were obtained via OTU clustering, consisting of three groups. The LEfSe results indicated that 22 genera were differentially represented among the three groups, with 12 being more abundant in mice from the P group and six being more abundant in mice from the R group. In conclusion, both Dian Hong black tea and Pu-erh tea significantly regulated the intestinal flora of mice. However, no apparent differences were evident between the regulatory intestinal flora mechanisms of the two. It also suggested that there were indeed differences in the degree of oxidation and specific chemical compositions of active substances, such as polyphenols.
Research on Intelligent City Traffic Management System based on WEBGIS
Authors: Li You , Jin Hui , Hong Jie , He Chunmu , Wang Xianbing
Published: April 2021

Aiming at the problem that the traditional urban traffic management system can't effectively integrate the data, which leads to the low efficiency of data processing and the effect of traffic management, a smart city traffic management system based on WEBGIS is designed. Based on the traditional system, the dynamic traffic data acquisition hardware module is designed. According to the weekly similarity characteristics of traffic flow data, the traffic flow in different time periods is predicted and the road signal is controlled. The WEBGIS technology is used to deal with the traffic accidents, and the effective management of the urban traffic is realized. Simulation results show that the designed management system can effectively reduce the congestion of urban trunk roads and improve the efficiency of traffic management.
Study on Electrochemical Effects Assisted Magnetic Abrasive Finishing for Finishing Stainless Steel SUS304
Authors: Sun Xu , Fu Yongjian , Lu Wei , Hang Wei
Published: April 2021

In order to obtain a high accuracy with high machining efficiency for finishing hard alloy metal material, we proposed a hybrid finishing method which is electrochemical (ECM) effects assisted magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF). In this study, the electrochemical magnetic abrasive finishing (EMAF process) was divided into EMAF stage and MAF stage. The metal surface can be easily finished with the passive films formed in electrochemical reactions. Simultaneously, the passive films can be removed by frictional action between magnetic brush and workpiece surface. Thus, the essence of EMAF process is to form and remove the passive films on the workpiece surface. This study focused on investigating the finishing mechanism and finishing characteristics of EMAF process. Through a series of experimental investigations, it can be confirmed that the finishing efficiency is remarkably improved by EMAF process. The optimal experimental result of EMAF process showed that the surface roughness was reduced to less than 30 nm from the original surface roughness 178 nm at 4 min in EMAF stage, and the surface roughness was finally reduced to 20 nm at 10 min in MAF stage. Additionally, we also found the finishing ability of magnetic abrasive decreased after 4 min EMAF stage.
Efficacy and Safety of Biosimilar Infliximab in Bio-naïve Patients With Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Oike Tsubasa , Akizue Naoki , Ohta Yuki , Koseki Hirotaka , Saito Masaya , Nagashima Ariki , Ishikawa Tsubasa , Shiratori Wataru , Kaneko Tatsuya , Tokunaga Mamoru , Oura Hirotaka , Yokoyama Yuya , Imai Yushi , Kanayama Kengo , Taida Takashi , Okimoto Kenichiro , Saito Keiko , Ogasawara Sadahisa , Matsumura Tomoaki , Nakagawa Tomoo , Arai Makoto , Katsuno Tatsuro , Fukuda Yoshihiro , Kitsukawa Yoshio , Kato Jun , Kato Naoya
Published: April 2021

The infliximab biosimilar CT-P13 was the first biosimilar drug targeting tumor necrosis factor-α. However, its efficacy and safety in real-world clinical situations have remained insufficient. Therefore, we aimed to verify the efficacy and safety of CT-P13 in bio-naïve patients with Crohn’s disease. This retrospective multicenter study compared the remission rate at week 54 between patients with Crohn’s disease treated with originator infliximab or CT-P13. Endoscopic and laboratory findings were assessed in both groups. A total of 184 (156 originator and 28 CT-P13) patients were analyzed. Of these, 138 originator users and 19 biosimilar users completed 54-week administration. The clinical remission rates in patients taking originator infliximab of CT-P13 at week 54 were 92.5% and 100%, respectively. The endoscopic scores of each group significantly decreased from baseline at week 54 in both groups, and the mucosal healing rate at week 54 was 53% and 64%, respectively. Laboratory data significantly improved from baseline to week 14 and 54 in both groups. Adverse events were observed more frequently in the CT-P13 group ( 25% vs. 4.5%, p = 0.0015). The efficacy of CT-P13 were comparable with those of originator infliximab in bio-naïve patients with Crohn’s disease evaluated by clinical, endoscopic, and laboratory findings.
Learning from the pandemic, building international increased cooperation for the future
Authors: Lopes Henrique , Middleton John
Published: April 2021

Objective

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted a fragile preparation by countries and regions for epidemic events, exposing exacerbated nationalisms in pandemic mitigation and control actions. Both conditions decisively compromise the effectiveness and efficiency of pandemic control capacity. It is important to develop frameworks that help overcome frailties in response to epidemics.
Methods

Thematic literature review and discussions with multiple national and international entities. The discussions were not specific to the article, hence were not considered as formal information collection. Based on this information, an attempt was made to build a tool for responding to the identified problems.
Results
Proposal of the 2PF tool.
Conclusion

The proposed 2PF tool is aligned with the Sendai Framework and proposals from international bodies, such as HERA, among others. It aims to be a framework for operationalizing these agreements, at least in part of its dimensions. The general idea is that pandemic preparedness cannot fail or to all other disaster risks and similar recognized by the UN. The response to pandemics must be based essentially on international action and closer collaboration between countries and regions.
Optical Absorption Modeling of bilayer photoanode based on Cu@TiO2 Plasmonic Dye Sensitized Solar Cells towards Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Rehman Zia Ur , Ali Shahid , Aslam Muhammad , Idrees Muhammad , Rehman Anees Ur , Iqbal Javed , Ullah Najeeb , Shah Said Karim , Batool Saima
Published: April 2021

A periodic array of core–shell Cu@TiO2 nanoparticle for plasmonic dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) in the wavelength range between 350–750 nm was studied. The size of copper nanospheres was 70 nm while the length and diameter of the copper nanorods were 100 and 10 nm, respectively. The UV-Visible absorption spectrum showed that the photo-anode based copper added TiO2 has 29.3% absorption capability compared with copper-free TiO2. TiO2 with shell thickness of 5 nm coated copper exhibited the absorption efficiency of 71.9%, while short circuit current density of 17.52 mA cm− 2 for Ci@TiO2 photo-anode. This was attributed to a strong localized electric field around ultra-thin TiO2-coated copper nanospheres. The UV-Visible results of different geometries indicated that the spherical-shaped Cu@TiO2 nanoparticles induced the high absorption capability of 3.4% compared to rod-shaped Cu@TiO2 nanoparticles. The hybrid nanorods/nanospheres bilayer photo-anode showed the high optical UV-Visible absorption of 11.42% as compared with nanospheres/nanorods, ascribed to the large surface area for dye-loading excellent light scattering.
Controlling photonic spin Hall effect by a symmetric hyperbolic metamaterial waveguide
Authors: Gao Mingxiang , Zhang Wenqiong , Guo Bin
Published: April 2021

We investigate the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) in a symmetrical hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) waveguide, which is constructed as an HMM/metal/HMM sandwich structure. We consider both type {\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral 1}} and type {\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral 2}} HMM in the study. We confirm that the structure of alternating sub-wavelength of plasma and dielectric or the structure of embedding plasma into a host dielectric matrix can display effective dielectric, effective metal, type {\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral 1}} and {\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral 2}} HMM under different wavelength ranges and different plasma fill fraction. This enable us to simultaneously realize type {\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral 1}} and type {\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral 2}} HMM. We show that the reflectivity ration $\vert r_{s}/r_{p} \vert$, directly related to transverse shifts generated by PSHE, greatly depends on the type and the thickness of HMM. Moreover, we find that the horizontal PSHE shifts are enhanced several times, especially in type {\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral 1}} structure; while the vertical PSHE shifts are significantly suppressed in both type {\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral 1}} and {\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral 2}} structure. By making the effect of metal type and thickness analysis, we further show that the impacts of these two factors on PSHE shifts are mainly subject to HMM thickness.
Syndromic deafness gene ATP6V1B2 controls degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons through modulating proton flux
Authors: Qiu Shiwei , Zhao Weihao , Gao Xue , Li Dapeng , Wang Weiqian , Gao Bo , Han Weiju , Yang Shiming , Dai Pu , Cao Peng , Yuan Yongyi
Published: April 2021

ATP6V1B2 encodes the V1B2 subunit in V-ATPase, a proton pump responsible for the acidification of lysosomes. Mutations in this gene cause DDOD syndrome, DOORS syndrome, and Zimmermann-Laband syndrome, which share overlapping feature of congenital sensorineural deafness, onychodystrophy, and different extents of intellectual disability without or with epilepsy. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. To investigate the pathological role of mutant ATP6V1B2 in the auditory system, we evaluated auditory brainstem response, distortion product otoacoustic emissions, in a transgenic line of mice carrying c.1516 C > T (p.Arg506*) in Atp6v1b2, Atp6v1b2Arg506*/Arg506*. To explore the pathogenic mechanism of neurodegeneration in the auditory pathway, immunostaining, western blotting, and RNAscope analyses were performed in Atp6v1b2Arg506*/Arg506* mice. The Atp6v1b2Arg506*/Arg506* mice showed hidden hearing loss at early stages and developed late-onset hearing loss. We observed increased transcription of Atp6v1b1 in hair cells of Atp6v1b2Arg506*/Arg506* mice and inferred that Atp6v1b1 compensated for the Atp6v1b2 dysfunction by increasing its own transcription level. Genetic compensation in hair cells explains the milder hearing impairment in Atp6v1b2Arg506*/Arg506* mice. Apoptosis activated by lysosomal dysfunction and the subsequent blockade of autophagic flux induced the degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons and further impaired the hearing. Intraperitoneal administration of the apoptosis inhibitor, BIP-V5, improved both phenotypical and pathological outcomes in two live mutant mice. Based on the pathogenesis underlying hearing loss in ATP6V1B2-related syndromes, systemic drug administration to inhibit apoptosis might be an option for restoring the function of spiral ganglion neurons and promoting hearing, which provides a direction for future treatment.