bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cutting Edge: Memory Regulatory T Cells Require IL-7 and Not IL-2 for Their Maintenance in Peripheral Tissues
Authors: Gratz Iris K. , Truong Hong-An , Yang Sara Hsin-Yi , Maurano Megan M. , Lee Karim , Abbas Abul K. , Rosenblum Michael D.
Published: March 2013

Thymic Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells are activated by peripheral self-antigen to increase their suppressive function, and a fraction of these cells survive as memory regulatory T cells (mTregs). mTregs persist in nonlymphoid tissue after cessation of Ag expression and have enhanced capacity to suppress tissue-specific autoimmunity. In this study, we show that murine mTregs express specific effector memory T cell markers and localize preferentially to hair follicles in skin. Memory Tregs express high levels of both IL-2Rα and IL-7Rα. Using a genetic-deletion approach, we show that IL-2 is required to generate mTregs from naive CD4+ T cell precursors in vivo. However, IL-2 is not required to maintain these cells in the skin and skin-draining lymph nodes. Conversely, IL-7 is essential for maintaining mTregs in skin in the steady state. These results elucidate the fundamental biology of mTregs and show that IL-7 plays an important role in their survival in skin.
Effect of Thin Prep®imaging system on laboratory rate and relative sensitivity of atypical squamous cells, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion not excluded and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion interpretations
Authors: Koltz Brooke R. , Russell Donna K. , Lu Naiji , Bonfiglio Thomas A. , Varghese Sharlin
Published: March 2013

Introduction:

Automated screening of Thin Prep®Papanicolaou Tests has become increasingly common in clinical practice. Increased productivity has initiated laboratory use of the Thin Prep®Imaging System (TIS). Increased sensitivity is a potential additional benefit of TIS. Published studies have shown an increase in discovery of dysplastic cells. This study evaluates the effect of TIS on the incidence of atypical squamous cells high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion not excluded (ASC-H) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HGSIL) results on Thin Prep®Pap Tests by comparing TIS-assisted and manual screening findings and the diagnoses on subsequent follow-up in a screening population over a 1-year time period.

Materials and Methods:

A compilation of all ASC-H and HGSIL cases was prepared by conducting a computerized search over a 1-year period (7/06-6/07). The accumulated cases include Thin Prep Pap tests that were both TIS and manually screened. Follow-up results of cytologic and histologic cervical specimens were obtained for a time period extending to 2010. Interpretation utilizing TIS was in place 10 months prior to the study's initiation.

Results:

During the study period 70,522 Pap tests were performed in our laboratory. One third (33%) of Pap tests were screened with assistance of TIS. Manual screening was performed on 47,380 Pap tests of which 153 (0.32%) were interpreted as ASC-H and 164 (0.35%) were interpreted as HGSIL. During the same time period automated screening (TIS) was performed on 23,111 Pap tests. Interpretation of 62 (0.27%) cases provided an ASC-H result, while 71 (0.31%) were HGSIL. Follow-up cervical dysplasia by colposcopic biopsy and cone biopsy was distributed proportionally between TIS and manual screening for both ASC-H and HGSIL categories. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN II/III) was identified on follow-up biopsy of 41% TIS cases and 45% manually screened cases for ASC-H. In the HGSIL subset 71% of TIS cases and 69% manually screened cases showed CIN II/III on follow-up. TIS was 26% less sensitive relative to manual screening for ASC-H cases and 3% less sensitive for HGSIL.

Conclusion:

The similar rate of detection using TIS with an equal percentage of histologic correlation for ASC-H and HGSIL lesions on follow-up histology suggests patients screened by the TIS method are being sent for appropriate follow-up surveillance and treatment. A high-grade or possible high-grade lesion is as likely to be detected by TIS as by a manual screen. The similarities in relative sensitivity and specificity in a direct comparison between manual and TIS screening methodologies indicate that TIS compared to manual screening does not affect detection in patients with high-grade cervical lesions.
p53 as a Neoplastic Biomarker in Patients with Erosive and Plaque Like Forms of Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Mirzaii-Dizgah Iraj , Agha-Hosseini Farzaneh
Published: March 2013

Aim

Unstimulated whole salivary p53 was assessed in patients suffering from erosive and plaque-like form of oral lichen planus (OLP).

Materials and methods

Eighteen patients with erosive form, 17 patients suffering from plaque-like form and 38 noninvolvement subjects were enrolled. The unstimulated whole saliva p53 level was assayed by ELISA.

Results

The mean concentration of salivary p53 was significantly higher in patients with plaque-like form compared to both patients with erosive form and the control group.

Conclusion

We conclude that plaque like form of OLP is important in view of the potential for malignancy and is not safety form.

Clinical significance

It seems that all forms of OLP must be considered accurately, should be followed up with biannual examinations, and if possible, assessment of salivary p53 every year.

How to cite this article

Agha-Hosseini F, Mirzaii-Dizgah I. p53 as a Neoplastic Biomarker in Patients with Erosive and Plaque Like Forms of Oral Lichen Planus. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):1-3.
Comparative Analysis between Three Methods of Bone Estimating Age in Individuals with Down Syndrome by Mode of the Hand and Wrist Ray
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , de Araújo dos Santos Luis Roque , de Melo Castilho Júlio Cezar , Pinto Shelon Cristina Souza , Borges Alvaro Henrique , Lima Darlon Martins , Bandéca Matheus Coelho , da Silva Marcos André dos Santos
Published: March 2013

The wrist and hand region has been the most commonly used for estimating age and osseous development due to the great number of ossification centers. The aim was to determine which method, Tanner & Whitehouse's (TW3), Greulich & Pyle's (GP) or Eklof & Ringertz's, more closely relates to the chronological age in subjects with Down syndrome with chronological ages between 61 and 180 months, using wrist and hand radiographs. The sample consisted of 85 radiographs, 52 of males and 33 of females. Eklof & Ringertz's method was computerized (Radiomemory). Greulich & Pyle's atlas was used and compared with the wrist and hand radiographs. For the TW3 method, 13 ossification centers were evaluated; for each one of them, there are seven or eight development stages to which scores are assigned; these scores are then added and the results are transformed into osseous age values. No statistically significant differences were observed between the male and female genders for methods TW3 and GP, contrasting with the observed differences for the Eklof & Ringertz method. Correlation (r2) between osseous and chronological ages was 0.8262 for TW3 and 0.7965 for GP, while for the method of Eklof & Ringertz, it was 0.7656 for females and 0.8353 for males. The author concluded that the osseous age assessment method that better related to the chronological age was the TW3, followed by Greulich & Pyle's and Eklof & Ringertz's.

How to cite this article

de Araújo dos Santos LR, de Melo Castilho JC, Pinto SCS, Borges AH, Tonetto MR, Lima DM, Bandéca MC, dos Santos da Silva MA. Comparative Analysis between Three Methods of Bone Estimating Age in Individuals with Down Syndrome by Mode of the Hand and Wrist Ray. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):4-8.
Influence of CVD Diamond Tips and Er:YAG Laser Irradiation on Bonding of Different Adhesive Systems to Dentin
Authors: Barcellos Daphne Câmara , Borges Alessandra Buhler , Pucci Cesar Rogério , Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes , da Silva Melissa Aline , Batista Graziela Ribeiro , Nicolo Rebeca Di
Published: March 2013

Aim

The aim of this study was to compare the microtensile bond strength of three adhesive systems, using different methods of dentin preparation.

Materials and methods

A hundred and eight bovine teeth were used. The dentin from buccal face was exposed and prepared with three different methods, divided in 3 groups: Group 1 (DT)- diamond tip on a high-speed handpiece; Group 2 (CVD)-CVD tip on a ultrasonic handpiece; Group 3 (LA)-Er: YAG laser. The teeth were divided into 3 subgroups, according adhesive systems used: Subgroup 1-Adper Single Bond Plus/3M ESPE (SB) total-etch adhesive; Subgroup 2-Adper Scotchbond SE/3M ESPE (AS) selfetching adhesive; Subgroup 3-Clearfil SE Bond/Kuraray (CS) selfetching adhesive. Blocks of composite (Filtek Z250–3M ESPE) 4 mm high were built up and specimens were stored in deionized water for 24 hours at 37°C. Serial mesiodistal and buccolingual cuts were made and stick-like specimens were obtained, with transversal section of 1.0 mm2. The samples were submitted to microtensile test at 1 mm/min and load of 10 kg in a universal testing machine. Data (MPa) were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey's tests (p < 0.05).

Results and conclusion

Surface treatment with Diamond or CVD tips associated with Clearfil SE Bond adhesive produced significantly lower bond strength values compared to other groups. Surface treatment with Er: YAG laser associated with Single Bond Plus or Clearfil SE Bond adhesives and surface treatment with CVD tip associated with Adper Scotchbond SE adhesive produced significantly lower bond strength values compared to surface treatment with diamond or CVD tips associated with Single Bond Plus or Adper Scotchbond SE adhesives.

Clinical significance

Interactions between laser and the CVD tip technologies and the different adhesive systems can produce a satisfactory bonding strength result, so that these associations may be beneficial and enhance the clinical outcomes.

How to cite this article

Silva MA, Di Nicolo R, Barcellos DC, Batista GR, Pucci CR, Torres CRG, Borges AB. Influence of CVD Diamond Tips and Er:YAG Laser Irradiation on Bonding of Different Adhesive Systems to Dentin. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):14-20.
Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Resin Reinforced Chemical Cure Glass Ionomer, Conventional Chemical Cure Glass Ionomer and Chemical Cure Composite Resin in Direct Bonding Systems: An in vitro Study
Authors: Reddy T Praveen Kumar , Rao Kolasani Srinivasa , Yugandhar Garlapati , Kumar B Sunil , Reddy SN Chandrasekhar , Babu Devatha Ashok
Published: March 2013

The acid pretreatment and use of composite resins as the bonding medium has disadvantages like scratching and loss of surface enamel, decalcification, etc. To overcome disadvantages of composite resins, glass ionomers and its modifications are being used for bonding. The study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of resin reinforced glass ionomer as a direct bonding system with conventional glass ionomer cement and composite resin. The study showed that shear bond strength of composite resin has the higher value than both resin reinforced glass ionomer and conventional glass ionomer cement in both 1 and 24 hours duration and it increased from 1 to 24 hours in all groups. The shear bond strength of resin reinforced glass ionomer cement was higher than the conventional glass ionomer cement in both 1 and 24 hours duration. Conditioning with polyacrylic acid improved the bond strength of resin reinforced glass ionomer cement significantly but not statistically significant in the case of conventional glass ionomer cement.

How to cite this article

Rao KS, Reddy TPK, Yugandhar G, Kumar BS, Reddy SNC, Babu DA. Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Resin Reinforced Chemical Cure Glass Ionomer, Conventional Chemical Cure Glass Ionomer and Chemical Cure Composite Resin in Direct Bonding Systems: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):21-25.
Effect of Three Different Contamination Removal Methods on Bond Strength of a Self-etching Adhesive to Dentin Contaminated with an Aluminum Chloride Hemostatic Agent
Authors: Oskoee Siavash Savadi , Bahari Mahmoud , Ajami Amir Ahmad , Kahnamoii Mehdi Abed , Kimyai Soodabeh , Pournaghi-Azar Fatemeh
Published: March 2013

Aim

This study evaluated the effect of three different contamination removal methods on bond strength of one-step self-etching adhesive to dentin contaminated with an aluminum chloride hemostatic agent.

Materials and methods

One hundred noncarious adult molars were used in this study; 2-mm-thick dentin disks were prepared and randomly assigned to 5 groups (n = 20). Group I: control; group II: hemostatic agent-contaminated; group III: hemostatic agent-contaminated and rinsing with water; group IV: hemostatic agent-contaminated and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) application; and group V: hemostatic agent-contaminated and phosphoric acid application. Clearfil S3 Bond was used to bond composite to dentin surfaces. Subsequent to adding composite cylinders the shear bond strength test was performed. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. Two additional specimens from each group were prepared and evaluated under scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Results

There were statistically significant differences in bond strength among the groups (p < 0.001). In two-by-two comparisons statistically significant differences were observed in bond strength values between all the groups (p < 0.001) except for groups I and IV (p = 0.933).

Conclusion

Aluminum chloride hemostatic agent adversely affected the bond strength of self-etch adhesive to dentin. However, application of EDTA increased the bond strength to the level of normal dentin.

Clinical significance

EDTA and phosphoric acid removed aluminum chloride hemostatic agent contamination of dentin surfaces. However, unlike EDTA phosphoric acid failed to increase the bond strength of self-etch adhesive to dentin to the level of the control group.

How to cite this article

Ajami AA, Kahnamoii MA, Kimyai S, Oskoee SS, Pournaghi-Azar F, Bahari M, Firouzmandi M. Effect of Three Different Contamination Removal Methods on Bond Strength of a Self-etching Adhesive to Dentin Contaminated with an Aluminum Chloride Hemostatic Agent. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):26-33.
Quantitative Assessment of Myofibroblast in Severe Dysplasia, Microinvasion and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Baad Rajendra , Bommanavar Sushma , Kapse Sonam C , Rathod Nanita , Mandlik Jyoti , Sharma Anupam S
Published: March 2013

Myofibroblast are essential for the integrity of human body by virtue of its role in wound healing and pathological organ remodeling. Myofibroblast is a universal cellular component in mammalian lesions, but not a typical component of normal untraumatized tissues. Therefore its presence in abundance in case of cancer is a matter of concern. Tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in tumor progression. These so called cancer associated fibroblast or myofibroblast are the major components and occur in stromal tissue during carcinogenesis processes. This study is a quantitative assessment of presence and distribution of myofibroblast in severe dysplasia, microinvasion and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

How to cite this article

Kapse SC, Rathod N, Baad R, Mandlik J, Sharma AS, Bommanavar S. Quantitative Assessment of Myofibroblast in Severe Dysplasia, Microinvasion and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):34-38.
Mandibular Ramus Fractures: A Rarity
Authors: Kale Tejraj Pundalik , Kotrashetti SM , Louis Archana , Lingaraj JB , Sarvesh BU
Published: March 2013

Aim

To determine the incidence of mandibular ramus fractures in KLE's PK Hospital and to analyze the outcome of open reduction and internal fixation of these fractures.

Materials and methods

Using a retrospective study design, records of all trauma patients who reported to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, KLE's PK Hospital Belgaum, between the years January 2006 to October 2011 was obtained from the medical records office. The data variables that were analyzed were the name, age, sex, cause of injury, pretreatment occlusion, treatment given, period of MMF and post-treatment occlusion.

Results

Total number of mandibular fracture cases was 298. Ramus fractures were 10 in number which accounted for 3.3% of fractures. The age range of these 10 patients was seen to be between 20 to 80 years with the average age being 35.6 years. Of these 10 patients, 9 were male and 1 was female and 7 patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation and the remaining 3 by closed reduction. The average period of MMF was 3 days for the patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation. There was improvement in occlusion in all 10 patients post-treatment and there was no complication reported in any of the cases.

Conclusion

Ramus fractures accounted for 3.3% of all mandibular fractures. Open reduction and internal fixation of ramus fractures ensures adequate functional and anatomic reduction.

Clinical significance

This study makes an attempt to throw a light on the increasing incidence of ramus fractures and a successful management of these fractures by open reduction and internal fixation.

How to cite this article

Kale TP, Kotrashetti SM, Louis A, Lingaraj JB, Sarvesh BU. Mandibular Ramus Fractures: A Rarity. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):39-42.
Lateral Radiographic Technique: An Alternative Approach for Anterior Teeth
Authors: Silva Emmanuel JNL , Junior Carlos Vieira Andrade , Da Silva Juliana Melo , Ferraz Caio Cesar Randi
Published: March 2013

Aim

To describe the lateral radiographic technique, its use and indication.

Background

The clinician's difficulty in performing the correct diagnosis for some endodontic situations sometimes leads to a compromised treatment of some teeth. Considering this, an alternative radiographic technique for anterior teeth (lateral radiographic technique - LRT) may be used to help endodontic diagnosis.

Technique

This technique use a periapical radiographic film or sensor that is placed vertically in the anterior portion of maxilla or mandible and with the beam passing perpendicular to the radiographic film its possible to evaluate the possibility of a fenestration on the buccal cortical bone plate; differentiate overextension and overfilling; indentify root fractures; confirm the presence and location of an instrument in the root canal system; and assess the treatment of root perforations.

Conclusion

LRT is an easy and cheap technique that can be used to help in anterior teeth diagnosis.

Clinical significance

Considering that LRT is easy to perform and available at low cost, it could be utilized more by clinicians in the dental office in order to quickly assist in diagnosis. As a complimentary radiographic examination for anterior teeth, it could become a useful supplement to aid the clinical practice.

How to cite this article

Andrade CV Jr, Leal Silva EJN, Da Silva JM, Ferraz CCR. Lateral Radiographic Technique: An Alternative Approach for Anterior Teeth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):43-46.
Sealing Ability of Various Restorative Materials as Coronal Barriers between Endodontic Appointments
Authors: Tapsir Zalilah , Ahmed Hany Mohamed Aly , Luddin Norhayati , Husein Adam
Published: March 2013

Aim

To evaluate and compare the microleakage of various restorative materials used as coronal barriers between endodontic appointments.

Materials and methods

Eighty extracted human permanent posterior teeth were prepared for standardized access cavities with dimensions of 4 × 4 × 4 mm. The teeth were then randomly divided into four groups; Kalzinol, Caviton, GC Fuji IX and GC Fuji II LC. After incubation, the samples were immersed in 2% methylene blue for 7 days. The depth of penetration was measured using a digital macroscope after longitudinal sectioning of each tooth. Kruskal-Wallis (p < 0.05) and multiple Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni correction (p < 0.008) were used for data analysis.

Results

The degree of microleakage varied at the material/ tooth interface among the test materials, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). GC Fuji II LC group showed the least median microleakage value (0.8105 ± 0.305), followed by Caviton (1.1885 ± 0.396), GC Fuji IX (3.3985 ± 0.305) and Kalzinol (4.161 ± 0.853).

Conclusion

Within the limitations of this study, GC Fuji II LC exhibited the best marginal seal, and has the potential to be used as a suitable coronal barrier between endodontic appointments.

Clinical significance

Given the prime importance that dental practitioners should thoroughly restore any tooth with a suitable coronal barrier between endodontic appointments, this study shows that Fuji II LC has the ability to maintain a hermetic seal for 7 days.

How to cite this article

Tapsir Z, Ahmed HMA, Luddin N, Husein A. Sealing Ability of Various Restorative Materials as Coronal Barriers between Endodontic Appointments. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):47-50.
Microleakage of Class V Resin Composites using Various Self-etching Adhesives: An in vitro Study
Authors: Chandra PV Ravi , Harikumar V , Ramkiran D , Krishna MJN , Gouda M Veerabhadra
Published: March 2013

Background and aims

Microleakage has been identified as a significant problem with composite restorations because of interfacial gap formation which can result in tooth discoloration, recurrent caries, possible pulpal involvement and restoration replacement. Aim of this study is to evaluate the microleakage of self-etch adhesive system at the coronal and apical margins of class V resin composite restorations under stereomicroscope at 20× magnification.

Materials and methods

Class V cavities were prepared on the facial surfaces of 48 human premolars with coronal margins located in enamel and apical margins located in dentin. Teeth were divided into four groups: Group one—Xeno V; group two— G-Bond; group three—Clearfil S3 Bond; group four—control. After application of bonding agent and restoration, the teeth were subjected to thermocycling. The teeth were then immersed in 1% aqueous solution of methylene blue dye for 24 hours and sectioned to allow the assessment of microleakage under microscope.

Results

Coronal and apical margins were scored separately using a 0-3 ordinal ranking system and the recorded values were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann- Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Statistical analysis showed that there was less microleakage in Xeno V at coronal region and Clearfil S3 Bond in apical region, overall Clearfil S3 Bond showed less marginal permeability in both coronal and apical regions.

Conclusion

Specimens restored with the Xeno V and Clearfil S3 Bond adhesive systems revealed reduced leakage at the coronal margin. At the apical margin, Xeno V showed greater leakage than the other groups, except the control.

Clinical significance

In class V restorations restored with composite resin, the choice of material affects the microleakage and retention of the restoration. This study theorizes that the self-etch adhesives show less microleakage in the coronal area than the apical margin.

How to cite this article

Chandra PVR, Harikumar V, Ramkiran D, Krishna MJN, Gouda MV. Microleakage of Class V Resin Composites using Various Self-etching Adhesives: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):51-55.
The Effect of Flowable Composite Lining Thickness with Various Curing Techniques on Microleakage in Class II Composite Restorations: An in vitro Study
Authors: Reddy S Nagalaxmi , Jayashankar DN , Nainan Mohanthomas
Published: March 2013

Aim

Aim of this study was to compare class II composite restoration using flowable composites as lining with various thickness and curing techniques by evaluating cervical marginal microleakage.

Materials and methods

Fifty intact molars, each prepared with two box-only class II cavities, were randomly divided into five groups: Group I, P60 filling alone; group II, ultrathin flowable composite lining (0.5-1mm) cocured with overlying composite; group III, thin lining (1-1.5) cocured with overlying composite; group IV, ultrathin lining (0.5-1 mm) precured and group V, thin lining (1-1.5) precured. The teeth were then thermocycled for 1500 cycles (between 5 and 60 °C) and immersed in dye for 24 hours. Cervical microleakage was measured as the extent of dye penetration.

Results

Cocured specimens (groups II and III) showed least microleakage and control specimens (group I) showed maximum microleakage. On comparison of curing techniques, cocured specimens (groups II and III) showed less microleakage than precured (groups IV and V). On comparison of lining thickness and type of curing, group IV showed less microleakage than group V. Groups II and III were statistically not significant.

Conclusion

It was concluded from the results that ultrathin cocured flowable composite lining specimens improved the marginal sealing with decreased microleakage.

Clinical significance

In this study, the application of additional flowable composite lining with various thicknesses presented different influences in marginal quality of class II box only composite restorations. A new technique applying an ultrathin flowable composite lining with cocuring technique improved the marginal sealing with decreased microleakage. Restorations with thin lining presented reduced marginal integrity after thermocycling.

How to cite this article

Reddy SN, Jayashankar DN, Nainan M, Shivanna V. The Effect of Flowable Composite Lining Thickness with Various Curing Techniques on Microleakage in Class II Composite Restorations: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):56-60.
Evaluate the Usage of Different Advanced Endodontic Instruments and Techniques in Pediatric Dentistry
Authors: Patil Anil , Mandlik Jyoti , Sharma Anupam S , Kathariya Mitesh D , Jadav Rutiga H
Published: March 2013

Objective

The purpose of study is to find the prevalence of usage of different advanced endodontic instruments and techniques in pediatric dentistry.

Materials and methods

A self-administered, structured questionnaire written in English validated through a pretested survey was randomly mailed to the postgraduate students in different dental colleges. A total of 182 of the complete filled questionnaires were returned with response rate of 68.2%. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 15.0. The Student's t-test and ANOVA test were used as test of significance. Karl Pearson's correlation test was used to assess years of education and usage of endodontic instruments.

Results

There was a limited use of new endodontic technologies in the present study. The highest positive response to the usage of advanced endodontic instruments was related to NiTi rotary files with highest number seen among 3rd year students. A linear relationship was found between years of postgraduation and usage of advanced endodontic instruments using Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Clinical significance

Based on the results of the present study, it seems that the usage of advanced endodontic instruments is not up to the level. Also we found increased use of new technologies with years of postgraduation.

How to cite this article

Kathariya MD, Patil S, Patil A, Jadav RH, Mandlik J, Sharma AS. Evaluate the Usage of Different Advanced Endodontic Instruments and Techniques in Pediatric Dentistry. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):61-64.
Comparison of Air-driven vs Electric Torque Control Motors on Canal Centering Ability by ProTaper NiTi Rotary Instruments
Authors: Zarei Mina , Javidi Maryam , Erfanian Mahdi , Lomee Mahdi , Afkhami Farzaneh
Published: March 2013

Aim

Cleaning and shaping is one of the most important phases in root canal therapy. Various rotary NiTi systems minimize accidents and facilitate the shaping process. Todays NiTi files are used with air-driven and electric handpieces. This study compared the canal centering after instrumentation using the ProTaper system using Endo IT, electric torque-control motor, and NSK air-driven handpiece.

Materials and methods

This ex vivo randomized controlled trial study involved 26 mesial mandibular root canals with 10 to 35° curvature. The roots were randomly divided into 2 groups of 13 canals each. The roots were mounted in an endodontic cube with acrylic resin, sectioned horizontally at 2, 6 and 10 mm from the apex and then reassembled. The canals were instrumented according to the manufacturer's instructions using ProTaper rotary files and electric torque-control motors (group 1) or air-driven handpieces (group 2). Photographs of the cross-sections included shots before and after instrumentation, and image analysis was performed using Photoshop software. The centering ability and canal transportation was also evaluated. Repeated measurement and independent t-test provided statistical analysis of canal transportation.

Results

The comparison of the rate of transportation toward internal or external walls between the two groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.62). Comparison of the rate of transportation of sections within one group was not significant (p = 0.28).

Conclusion

Use of rotary NiTi file with either electric torquecontrol motor or air-driven handpiece had no effect on canal centering.

Clinical significance

NiTi rotary instruments can be used with air-driven motors without any considerable changes in root canal anatomy, however it needs the clinician to be expert.

How to cite this article

Zarei M, Javidi M, Erfanian M, Lomee M, Afkhami F. Comparison of Air-driven vs Electric Torque Control Motors on Canal Centering Ability by ProTaper NiTi Rotary Instruments. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):71-75.
Degree of Conversion of Polymer-matrix Composite assessed by FTIR Analysis
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , de Andrade Marcelo Ferrarezi , Pinto Shelon Cristina Souza , Borges Alvaro Henrique , Bandéca Matheus Coelho , de Nara Souza Rastelli Alessandra , Saad José Roberto Cury , Pedro Fábio Luis Miranda
Published: March 2013

Aims and objectives

The behavior of polymer-matrix composite is dependent on the degree of conversion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of conversion of two resin cements following storage at 37°C immediately, 24 and 48 hours, and 7 days after light-curing by FTIR analysis.

Materials and methods

The specimens were made in a metallic mold and cured with blue LED with power density of 500 mW/ cm2 for 30 seconds. The specimens were pulverized, pressed with KBr and analyzed with FTIR following storage times.

Statistical analysis used

ANOVA (two-way) and Tukey's post hoc.

Results

To the polymer-matrix composites between 24 and 48 hours does not show a significant increase (p > 0.05), however, the highest values were found after 7 days.

Conclusion

The polymer-matrix composites used in this study showed similarity on the degree of conversion and increased of according to the time of storage.

How to cite this article

Tonetto MR, Pinto SCS, de Nara Souza Rastelli A, Borges AH, Saad JRC, Pedro FLM, de Andrade MF, Bandéca MC. Degree of Conversion of Polymer-matrix Composite assessed by FTIR Analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):76-79.
A Comparative Evaluation of Flexural Strength of Commercially Available Acrylic and Modified Polymethylmethacrylate: An in vitro Study
Authors: Yadav Naveen S , Jain Teerthesh , Pandita Amrita , Feroz SMA , Kartika UK , Singh Praval Pratap
Published: March 2013

Aim

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the flexural strength of commercially available acrylic (trevalone) and modified polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).

Materials and methods

Four groups were tested; Group 1— control group regular MMA, group 2—2% methacrylic acid, 88% MMA, group 3—16% methacrylic acid, 84% MMA group 4— 20% methacrylic acid, 80% MMA 15 resin specimens of each group were polymerized. After processing, the specimens were subjected for flexural strength testing using three point bending test in a Universal Testing Machine. All data was statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA, differences within the groups were analyzed by Scheffe's analysis.

Results

As the ratio of incorporated methacrylic acid to PMMA increased, the flexural strength decreased. Analysis of data revealed a significant decrease in flexural strength of specimens (p < 0.000) after incorporation of 12%, 16%, 20% methacrylic acid to heat polymerized acrylic resin, when compared with the control group. Lowest flexural strength was observed with specimens containing 20% methacrylic acid and highest flexural strength was observed with specimens containing conventional monomer without methacrylic acid.

Conclusion

It was observed that as the concentration of methacrylic acid in heat polymerized acrylic resin increases, the flexural strength decreases. Lowest flexural strength was observed with specimens containing 20% methacrylic acid and highest flexural strength was observed with specimens containing conventional monomer without methacrylic acid.

Clinical significance

The major advantages of addition of methacrylic acid to polymethylmethacrylate could be for the elderly people with restricted manual dexterity or cognitive disturbances, especially for patients who do not follow an adequate denture cleansing protocol and diabetic patients who are more susceptible for denture stomatitis.

How to cite this article

Jain T, Yadav NS, Pandita A, Feroz SMA, Kartika UK, Singh PP. A Comparative Evaluation of Flexural Strength of Commercially Available Acrylic and Modified Polymethylmethacrylate: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):80-83.
An in vitro Evaluation of Diametral Tensile Strength and Flexural Strength of Nanocomposite vs Hybrid and Minifill Composites cured with Different Light Sources (QTH vs LED)
Authors: Srikanth K Venkata , Garapati Surendra Nath , LNU Priyadarshini , Raturi Piyush , Shetty Dinesh
Published: March 2013

Background

Composites always remained the target of discussion due to lot of controversies around it. Mechanical properties are one of them. With the introduction of new technology and emergence of various composites which combine superior strength and polish retention, nanocomposites have led to a new spark in the dentistry. A recent curing unit LED with various curing modes claims to produce higher degree of conversion.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diametral tensile strength and flexural strength of nanocomposite, hybrid and minifill composites cured with different light sources (QTH vs LED).

Materials and methods

Seventy-two samples were prepared using different specially fabricated teflon molds, 24 samples of each composite were prepared for the diametral tensile strength (ADA specification no. 27) and the flexural strength (ISO 4049) of the 12 samples, six were cured with LED (Soft Start curing profile) and other six with QTH curing light and tested on a universal testing machine.

Results

The nanocomposite had highest diametral tensile strength and flexural strength which were equivalent to the hybrid composite and superior than the minifill composite.

Conclusion

With the combination of superior esthetics and other optimized physical properties, this novel nanocomposite system would be useful for all posterior and anterior applications.

How to cite this article

Garapati SN, Priyadarshini, Raturi P, Shetty D, Srikanth KV. An in vitro Evaluation of Diametral Tensile Strength and Flexural Strength of Nanocomposite vs Hybrid and Minifill Composites cured with Different Light Sources (QTH vs LED). J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):84-89.
Inpatient Evaluation of Periodontal, Esthetic and Inflammatory Parameters around Dental Implants and Natural Teeth
Authors: Güncü Güliz N , Büyüktepe Gülüzar , AÕkin Sezen B , Klllnç Kamer , Tümer Celal , Tözüm Tolga F
Published: March 2013

Aim

The use of endosseous dental implants (DI) has become a successful treatment alternative. However, providing periimplant tissue health and achieving a natural esthetic look are important topics in this treatment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate periodontal and esthetic parameters around DI and natural teeth (NT) and also to analyze myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implant sulcus fluid (PISF).

Materials and methods

Twenty DI supported fixed prosthesis and contralateral 20 NT were enrolled to the present study. Clinical periodontal parameters (probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival bleeding time index and gingival index) were recorded and GCF/PISF samples were obtained from mesial (mesiobuccal and mesiolingual) and distal (distobuccal and distolingual) sites of DI and NT. MPO levels were spectrophotometrically determined. Additionally clinical photographs were obtained and esthetical evaluations were performed by using Jemt papilla index. The parameters belong to DI and NT were compared and correlations were evaluated using statistical analysis.

Results

A total of 40 samples were evaluated. No statistically significant differences were detected between groups in all periodontal parameters and MPO levels from mesial and distal sites. Jemt papilla index scores were slightly higher in NT however, this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Total PES score were similiar in DI and NT groups. Significant correlations were detected between MPO and gingival index values as expected.

Clinical significance

Dental implants are satisfactory treatments, they provide patient esthetic natural looking, phonetic and masticatory functions.

How to cite this article

Güncü GN, Büyüktepe G, AÕkin SB, KlllnH K, Tümer C, Tözüm TF. Inpatient Evaluation of Periodontal Esthetic and Inflammatory Parameters around Dental Implants and Natural Teeth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):90-95.
Awareness of Dental Surgeons in Pune and Mumbai, India, regarding Chemomechanical Caries Removal System
Authors: Ahmed Bijle Mohammed Nadeem , Bhalla Monika , Mumkekar Shahzad S , Murali KV
Published: March 2013

Aim

To evaluate awareness of dental surgeons in Pune and Mumbai, India regarding chemomechanical caries removal system (CMCR).

Study design

Sixty practicing dental surgeons from Mumbai (30) and Pune (30) were surveyed using questionnaire.

Materials and methods

Qualitative data was collected on the basis of structured schedule questionnaire method.

Statistics

Statistical analysis was done using SPSS v. 12.0. To test statistical significance, Chi-square test, Fishers exact test and Mann-Whitney U test were used.

Results

Of total respondents, 46.7% dental surgeons in Pune and 13.3% in Mumbai were aware about CMCR products. Carisolv® was known to 57.1% of dental surgeons in Pune and 75% in Mumbai, whereas, Papacarie® was known to 28.6% of dentists in Pune and none in Mumbai among the respondents aware about CMCR products.

Conclusion

A significantly higher proportion of dental surgeons from Pune were aware about CMCR products compared to Mumbai. Dental surgeons from Mumbai were unaware about Papacarie®. Almost equal proportion of Dentists from Mumbai and Pune would like to undergo CDE programs to seek knowledge on CMCR, particularly Papacarie®.

How to cite this article

Bijle MNA, Patil S, Mumkekar SS, Arora N, Bhalla M, Murali KV. Awareness of Dental Surgeons in Pune and Mumbai, India, regarding Chemomechanical Caries Removal System. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):96-99.
Shade Matching Performance of Dental Students with Three Various Lighting Conditions
Authors: Jafarzadeh Hamid , Nakhaei Mohammadreza , Ghanbarzadeh Jalil , Keyvanloo Shirin , Alavi Samin
Published: March 2013

Aim

To evaluate the ability of dental students to match shades under three various light conditions.

Materials and methods

Sixty senior dental students participated in this study. All students were tested for color deficiency using Ishahara's tests. Nine classical vita shade tabs were randomly selected and their identification codes were concealed. The students were asked to match these 9 selected items by using a complete vita shade guide under three various light conditions (natural light, clinical light, and correcting light source). The chosen shade tabs were recorded and the correct matches were counted. Scores were calculated by adding the number of correct matches.

Results

The mean values of correct match scores with natural light, clinical light and correcting light source were 4.82, 4.75 and 6.82, respectively. There was no significant difference in correct matches scores between men and women, nor among various vita A, B, C and D shades.

Conclusion

The students showed a better performance in shade matching under the correcting light source than natural light and clinical light. Gender had no effect on shade matching selection and there was no difference in shade matching ability among vita A, B, C, D shades.

Clinical significance

Shade matching performance is significantly improved with correcting light source.

How to cite this article

Nakhaei M, Ghanbarzadeh J, Keyvanloo S, Alavi S, Jafarzadeh H. Shade Matching Performance of Dental Students with Three Various Lighting Conditions. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):100-103.
An Experimental Study of Arch Perimeter and Arch Width Increase with Mandibular Expansion: A Finite Element Method
Authors: Hemanth M , LNU Baswaraj , LNU Jayasudha , Patil Chandrashekhargouda , Sunilkumar P , Raghuveer HP , Chandralekha B
Published: March 2013

Aims

The objective of this study was to estimate the increase in arch perimeter associated with mandibular lateral expansion, To estimate the increase in intermolar width with mandibular lateral expansion and to find out the changes of tooth inclination with mandibular expansion.

Materials and methods

The mandibular bone with dentition of indian skeletal specimen was obtained. The computer tomogram (CT) slices of the mandible were taken. Finite element model (FEM): Numerical representation of the geometry was created by dividing the geometry into finite number of elements and the elements were connected together with nodes at the junction.

Results

The result of the study showed when 10° of lateral expansion was applied to the lower buccal segment at the center of rotation found at 4.3 mm below the root apex of first molar, a space of 1.3 mm between the canine and first premolar, and thus an increase in arch perimeter of 2.6 mm.

Conclusion

The tip of the mesiolingual cusp of the first molar moved 4.2 mm laterally, resulting in a change in intermolar width by 8.4 mm. Three-dimensional simulation showed that 1 mm of intermolar expansion increased the arch perimeter by 0.30 mm.

Clinical significance

As the finite element method evolves and scientists are able to more clearly define physical properties of biological tissues, more accurate information can be generated at the level that other analytical methods cannot fully provide data. This result would be of value clinically for prediction of the effects of mandibular expansion.

How to cite this article

Baswaraj, Hemanth M, Jayasudha, Patil C, Sunilkumar P, Raghuveer HP, Chandralekha B. An Experimental Study of Arch Perimeter and Arch Width Increase with Mandibular Expansion: A Finite Element Method. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):104-110.
Prevalence of Malocclusion among 12 to 15 Years Age Group Orphan Children using Dental Aesthetic Index
Authors: Husain Nadeem , Ahammed AR Yusuf , Pradhan Debapriya , Shetty Vikranth , Panda Anup Kumar , Gunda Sachin , Gugwad Sachin
Published: March 2013

Objective

The study was done to determine the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment among orphan children.

Materials and methods

The sample consisted of 165 orphan children aged between 12 and 15 years. A clinical examination was used to determine the orthodontic treatment need according to the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). The statistical software namely SPSS version 15.0 was used for the analysis different parameters as gender and age.

Results

The prevalence of definite, severe and very severe malocclusion was more among males than females and it increased with age. 16.4% subjects needed orthodontic treatment ranging from slight to mandatory form.

Clinical significance

The prevalence and severity of malocclusion was more among orphan children as they are deprived of healthy lifestyle. So, they should be identified and corrective measures instituted at the earliest to prevent a widespread impact on their psychological development.

How to cite this article

Ahammed ARY, Shetty V, Panda AK, Gunda S, Pradhan D, Husain N, Gugwad S. Prevalence of Malocclusion among 12 to 15 Years Age Group Orphan Children using Dental Aesthetic Index. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):111-114.
Knowledge and Attitude of Patients toward Dental Implants as an Option for Replacement of Missing Teeth
Authors: Ahammed AR Yusuf , Boddu Suprakash , Thareja Amit , Kandaswamy Raghavendra , Kumar Nilesh , (Mahajan) Sarvesha Bhondwe
Published: March 2013

Objective

The present study was undertaken to access the level of knowledge and attitude of patients toward implant treatment as an option for replacement of missing teeth.

Materials and methods

An epidemiological study was conducted among 440 subjects who attended the OPD of two Departments (Prosthodontics and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery). A self-administered structured closed ended questionnaire pretested through a pilot survey was used in the study. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 15.0. The Student's t-test and ANOVA test were used as test of significance.

Results

Out of 440 subjects asked about the knowledge and attitude about implants, only 33.3% had heard of implants as a treatment modality and dentists were the main source of information. Very few people had undergone implant surgery. The level of awareness increased with education. The main factor for not having implants was due to its high treatment charges. However, they were interested to know more about the implant treatment modality.

Conclusion

The survey was conducted in a dental institute and majority of the participants were unaware about dental implants. It also showed that need for providing more information to the patients about this treatment modality.

How to cite this article

Suprakash B, Ahammed ARY, Thareja A, Kandaswamy R, Kumar N, Bhondwe S. Knowledge and Attitude of Patients toward Dental Implants as an Option for Replacement of Missing Teeth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):115-118.
Effect of Tongue Cleaning Methods and Oral Mutans Streptococci Level
Authors: Gondhalekar Rajashree , Richard KM Jose , Jayachandra MG , Aslam Sachin , Reddy Vamsi Nilay , Barabde Aparna S
Published: March 2013

Introduction

Tongue scraping and brushing have been appreciated for hundreds of years but are still appreciated or used by the public. Scientific evidence has validated the need to practice habitual and tongue cleaning as part of daily home oral hygiene procedures.

Objective

To assess and compare the effect of tongue scraping and tongue brushing on oral Mutans streptococci level.

Materials and methods

A total of 20 healthy subjects aged 14 to 15 years were randomly selected. Flat plastic tongue scraper and Nylon multitufted small headed toothbrush are the two tongue cleaning devise used. Unstimulated salivary samples were obtained at 4 intervals from each individual. Salivary samples were inoculated on Mitis Salivary Agar Plate and Sorbital Broth was used for identification of Mutans streptococci group.

Results

Paired and unpaired ‘t’ test were employed. Reduiction in the Mutans streptococci level from 48.4 × 104 CFU and 38.3 × 104 CFU at baseline in tongue scraping and tongue brushing group respectively to 0.34 × 104 and 0.39 × 104 CFU after 7th day.

Conclusion

Both tongue coating removal methods evaluated were efficient in reducing mutans streptococci level. This implies that physical removal of the coating on the dorsum of the tongue is important and not the method used for the same.

How to cite this article

Gondhalekar R, Richard KMJ, Jayachandra MG, Aslam S, Reddy VN, Barabde AS. Effect of Tongue Cleaning Methods and Oral Mutans Streptococci Level. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):119-122.