bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel stackedμ-negative material-loaded antenna for satellite applications
Authors: Upadhyaya Trushit K. , Kosta Shiv Prasad , Jyoti Rajeev , Palandöken Merih
Published: November 2014

An engineered novel tunable dual-band metamaterial antenna based on stacked split ring resonator (SRR) array is presented. The μ-negative SRR array present at two sublayers of stacked microstrip patch antenna substrate adds tuning capability to the antenna with marginal trade-off between antenna gain and cross-polarization. If the size of resonator element is considerably smaller than resonance wavelength, ideally lesser than λ/10, the resonator would support the resonating mode of antenna. Compact SRR array embedded in radiator facilitate the antenna tuning to intended allocated spectrum of L5- and S-band frequencies without modifying external dimensions of patch antenna, which in turn helps the satellite payload design. The variations in SRR array dimensions and inter-element spacing are subsequently utilized to maintain the antenna gain and voltage-standing wave ratio. The proposed design of inset fed antenna, matched at 50 Ω, was validated by experimental results and it is suitable for global positioning satellite applications.
Increased BDNF Protein Expression after Ischemic Or PKC Epsilon Preconditioning Promotes Electrophysiologic Changes That Lead to Neuroprotection
Authors: Neumann Jake T , Thompson John W , Raval Ami P , Cohan Charles H , Koronowski Kevin B , Perez-Pinzon Miguel A
Published: November 2014

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) via protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) activation induces neuroprotection against lethal ischemia. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a pro-survival signaling molecule that modulates synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. Interestingly, BDNF mRNA expression increases after IPC. In this study, we investigated whether IPC or pharmacological preconditioning (PKCε activation) promoted BDNF-induced neuroprotection, if neuroprotection by IPC or PKCε activation altered neuronal excitability, and whether these changes were BDNF-mediated. We used both in vitro (hippocampal organotypic cultures and cortical neuronal-glial cocultures) and in vivo (acute hippocampal slices 48 hours after preconditioning) models of IPC or PKCε activation. BDNF protein expression increased 24 to 48 hours after preconditioning, where inhibition of the BDNF Trk receptors abolished neuroprotection against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro. In addition, there was a significant decrease in neuronal firing frequency and increase in threshold potential 48 hours after preconditioning in vivo, where this threshold modulation was dependent on BDNF activation of Trk receptors in excitatory cortical neurons. In addition, 48 hours after PKCε activation in vivo, the onset of anoxic depolarization during OGD was significantly delayed in hippocampal slices. Overall, these results suggest that after IPC or PKCε activation, there are BDNF-dependent electrophysiologic modifications that lead to neuroprotection.
Noninvasive Blood-Free Full Quantification of Positron Emission Tomography Radioligand Binding
Authors: Zanderigo Francesca , Ogden R Todd , Parsey Ramin V
Published: November 2014

Full quantification of a positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand binding to its target is preferred because it requires the fewest assumptions, but generally involves measuring the concentration of free radioligand in the arterial plasma by collecting blood samples from the subject's radial artery during the scan, and performing metabolite analysis. This invasive, costly procedure deters subjects’ participation, and requires specialized staff and equipment. Simultaneous estimation (SIME) can fully quantify binding using only PET data from multiple brain regions and one individual anchor value, which is based on a single arterial blood sample. Drawing this sample can still be challenging in clinical settings, particularly when using simultaneous PET/magnetic resonance scanners. Here we propose a methodology for full quantification of binding that does not require any blood samples. The methodology substitutes the SIME blood-based anchor with a value predicted using multiple linear regression of noninvasive, easy-to-collect variables related to the radioligand blood concentration, and individual metabolism, such as injected dose, body mass index, or body surface area. As a study case, we show here the methodology in comparison to analysis with full arterial-line blood sampling in a cohort of 23 available scans with [11C]CUMI-101, a partial agonist of the serotonin 5-HT1A receptors.
Automated Reference Region Extraction and Population-Based Input Function for Brain [11C]TMSX PET Image Analyses
Authors: Rissanen Eero , Tuisku Jouni , Luoto Pauliina , Arponen Eveliina , Johansson Jarkko , Oikonen Vesa , Parkkola Riitta , Airas Laura , Rinne Juha O
Published: November 2014

[11C]TMSX ([7- N-methyl-11C]-(E)-8-(3,4,5-trimethoxystyryl)-1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is a selective adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) radioligand. In the central nervous system (CNS), A2AR are linked to dopamine D2 receptor function in striatum, but they are also important modulators of inflammation. The golden standard for kinetic modeling of brain [11C]TMSX positron emission tomography (PET) is to obtain arterial input function via arterial blood sampling. However, this method is laborious, prone to errors and unpleasant for study subjects. The aim of this work was to evaluate alternative input function acquisition methods for brain [11C]TMSX PET imaging. First, a noninvasive, automated method for the extraction of gray matter reference region using supervised clustering (SCgm) was developed. Second, a method for obtaining a population-based arterial input function (PBIF) was implemented. These methods were created using data from 28 study subjects (7 healthy controls, 12 multiple sclerosis patients, and 9 patients with Parkinson's disease). The results with PBIF correlated well with original plasma input, and the SCgm yielded similar results compared with cerebellum as a reference region. The clustering method for extracting reference region and the population-based approach for acquiring input for dynamic [11C]TMSX brain PET image analyses appear to be feasible and robust methods, that can be applied in patients with CNS pathology.
Ionic electroactive polymer artificial muscles in space applications
Authors: Punning Andres , Kim Kwang J. , Palmre Viljar , Vidal Frédéric , Plesse Cédric , Festin Nicolas , Maziz Ali , Asaka Kinji , Sugino Takushi , Alici Gursel , Spinks Geoff , Wallace Gordon , Must Indrek , Põldsalu Inga , Vunder Veiko , Temmer Rauno , Kruusamäe Karl , Torop Janno , Kaasik Friedrich , Rinne Pille , Johanson Urmas , Peikolainen Anna-Liisa , Tamm Tarmo , Aabloo Alvo
Published: November 2014

A large-scale effort was carried out to test the performance of seven types of ionic electroactive polymer (IEAP) actuators in space-hazardous environmental factors in laboratory conditions. The results substantiate that the IEAP materials are tolerant to long-term freezing and vacuum environments as well as ionizing Gamma-, X-ray and UV radiation at the levels corresponding to low Earth orbit (LEO) conditions. The main aim of this material behaviour investigation is to understand and predict device service time for prolonged exposure to space environment.
Rapid detection of the mature form of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator by surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Trouvé Pascal , Calvez Marie-Laure , Moisan Stéphanie , Le Hir Sophie , Huguet Florentin , Benz Nathalie , Kerbiriou Mathieu , Férec Claude
Published: November 2014

CFTR expression and maturation can be assessed in a single experiment by SPR using both an anti-CFTR antibody and a lectin (WGA).
Neutron computed laminography on ancient metal artefacts
Authors: Salvemini Filomena , Grazzi Francesco , Kardjilov Nikolay , Manke Ingo , Civita Francesco , Zoppi Marco
Published: November 2014

Computed laminography (CL) has been developed as a method to complement computed tomography for three-dimensional imaging of laterally extended specimens.
A novel platform for detection of protooncogene based on Au nanocluster enhanced fluorescence
Authors: Mao Kang , Liu Yizhen , Xiao Huaming , Chen Yinran , Wu Zitong , Zhou Xiaodong , Shen Aiguo , Hu Jiming
Published: November 2014

For the first time, gold nanoclusters were found to exhibit high fluorescence enhancement ability based on the metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) effect, which can effectively enhance the fluorescence of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC).
Dithiafulvenyl-grafted phenylene ethynylene polymers as selective and reversible dispersants for single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Mulla Karimulla , Liang Shuai , Shaik Haseena , Younes Eyad A. , Adronov Alex , Zhao Yuming
Published: November 2014

Phenylene ethynylene-based π-conjugated polymers grafted with dithiafulvenyl groups on their side chains were found to be efficient in dispersing single-walled carbon nanotubes in a selective and controllable way.
Li3VO4 anchored graphene nanosheets for long-life and high-rate lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Jian Zelang , Zheng Mingbo , Liang Yanliang , Zhang Xiaoxue , Gheytani Saman , Lan Yucheng , Shi Yi , Yao Yan
Published: November 2014

We report the synthesis of Li3VO4 nanoparticles embedded in graphene nanosheets and a long-life cycling performance of 5000 cycles at 5 C.
7.35% Efficiency rear-irradiated flexible dye-sensitized solar cells by sealing liquid electrolyte in a groove
Authors: Wang Xiaopeng , Tang Qunwei , He Benlin , Li Ru , Yu Liangmin
Published: November 2014

Transparent Ni–Se alloys are successfully synthesized by an electrochemical deposition strategy and employed as counter electrode (CE) materials in rear-irradiated flexible dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The good catalytic activity, and cost-effectiveness highlight the potential applications of the transparent Ni–Se alloy CEs in flexible DSSCs.
Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed C–H allylation of electron-deficient alkenes with allyl acetates
Authors: Feng Chao , Feng Daming , Loh Teck-Peng
Published: November 2014

Rhodium-catalyzed C–H allylation of acrylamide derivatives with various allyl acetates was reported. The use of weakly coordinating directing group resulted in high reaction efficiency and excellent γ-selectivity. This reaction displays broad functional group tolerance, which opens a new synthetic pathway for the access of functionalized 1,4-diene skeletons.
The first near-linear bis(amide) f-block complex: a blueprint for a high temperature single molecule magnet
Authors: Chilton Nicholas F. , Goodwin Conrad A. P. , Mills David P. , Winpenny Richard E. P.
Published: November 2014

An unprecedented near-linear bis(amide) f-element complex has been prepared by utilizing bulky silylamide ligands. This Sm(ii) complex is a blueprint for the next generation of single molecule magnets, where predictions for the Dy(iii) analogue suggest they could operate above 77 K.
Well-controlled synthesis of wurtzite-type Cu2ZnSnS4 nanoparticles using multiple sulfur sources via a two-step heating process
Authors: Nishi Hiroyasu , Nagano Takahito , Kameyama Tatsuya , Kuwabata Susumu , Torimoto Tsukasa
Published: November 2014

Wurtzite-type Cu2ZnSnS4 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a new approach that could control the morphology, chemical composition, and crystal structure of the particles. The formation mechanism was discussed in detail.
Coupled organic–inorganic nanostructures (COIN)
Authors: Scheele M. , Brütting W. , Schreiber F.
Published: November 2014

Materials to devices: coupled organic–inorganic nanostructures provide versatile perspectives for quantum dot-based optoelectronic devices.
Do encapsulated heat storage materials really retain their original thermal properties?
Authors: Chaiyasat Preeyaporn , Noppalit Sayrung , Okubo Masayoshi , Chaiyasat Amorn
Published: November 2014

Which is right, ΔHm (J/g-paraffin wax) or ΔHm (J/g-capsules) to understand thermal properties of microcapsules?
Molecular charge transfer by adsorbing TCNQ/TTF molecules via π–π interaction: a simple and effective strategy to modulate the electronic and magnetic behaviors of zigzag SiC nanoribbons
Authors: Liu Dan , Yu Guangtao , Sun Yuanhui , Huang Xuri , Guan Jia , Zhang Hui , Li Hui , Chen Wei
Published: November 2014

Molecular charge transfer via simple π–π interaction can be an effective strategy to break the magnetic degeneracy of pristine zSiCNRs.
Enhancing spectral shifts of plasmon-coupled noble metal nanoparticles for sensing applications
Authors: Göeken Kristian L. , Subramaniam Vinod , Gill Ron
Published: November 2014

Enhancing spectral shifts for DNA sensing by heterogeneous plasmon coupling of Ag and Au nanoparticles.
A mechanistic investigation of morphology evolution in P3HT–PCBM films induced by liquid crystalline molecules under external electric field
Authors: Zhou Weihua , Shi Jiangman , Lv Lingjian , Chen Lie , Chen Yiwang
Published: November 2014

The morphology of the P3HT–PCBM bulk heterojunction could be tuned by the liquid crystalline molecules under electric field assisted treatment for enhanced solar cell performance.
Chemical imaging of single catalyst particles with scanning μ-XANES-CT and μ-XRF-CT
Authors: Price S. W. T. , Ignatyev K. , Geraki K. , Basham M. , Filik J. , Vo N. T. , Witte P. T. , Beale A. M. , Mosselmans J. F. W.
Published: November 2014

Representative Pt L3 edge XANES spectrum and sample reconstructed fluorescence maps during a XANES tomography experiment.
Molecular insight into nanoscale water films dewetting on modified silica surfaces
Authors: Zhang Jun , Li Wen , Yan Youguo , Wang Yefei , Liu Bing , Shen Yue , Chen Haixiang , Liu Liang
Published: November 2014

In this work, molecular dynamics simulations are adopted to investigate the microscopic dewetting mechanism of nanoscale water films on methylated silica surfaces.
Noteworthy performance of La1−xCaxMnO3 perovskites in generating H2 and CO by the thermochemical splitting of H2O and CO2
Authors: Dey Sunita , Naidu B. S. , Govindaraj A. , Rao C. N. R.
Published: November 2014

Perovskite oxides of the composition La0.5Ca0.5MnO3 show much superior activity than La0.5Sr0.5MnO3 and ceria in thermochemical splitting of H2O and CO2.
Mechanistic investigation of ion migration in Na3V2(PO4)2F3 hybrid-ion batteries
Authors: Song Weixin , Ji Xiaobo , Chen Jun , Wu Zhengping , Zhu Yirong , Ye Kefen , Hou Hongshuai , Jing Mingjun , Banks Craig. E.
Published: November 2014

The ion-migration mechanism of Na3V2(PO4)2F3 is investigated in Na3V2(PO4)2F3–Li hybrid-ion batteries through a combined computational and experimental study.
Multifunctional carbon nanotubes/ruthenium purple thin films: preparation, characterization and study of application as sensors and electrochromic materials
Authors: Husmann Samantha , Zarbin Aldo J. G.
Published: November 2014

Ruthenium purple/carbon nanotube nanocomposites are synthesized by a heterogeneous solid/liquid reaction and are applied as H2O2 sensors and electrochromic materials.
Modified guar gum/SiO2: development and application of a novel hybrid nanocomposite as a flocculant for the treatment of wastewater
Authors: Pal Sagar , Patra Abhay Shankar , Ghorai Soumitra , Sarkar Amit Kumar , Das Raghunath , Sarkar Supriyo
Published: November 2014

The hybrid nanocomposite g-GG/SiO2showed excellent flocculation efficiency, which is a powerful alternative to the literature known flocculants.
Graphene in the Fe3O4 nano-composite switching the negative influence of humic acid coating into an enhancing effect in the removal of arsenic from water
Authors: Paul Blain , Parashar Vyom , Mishra Ajay
Published: November 2014

The humic acid coating was influenced by graphene in the Fe3O4 nano-composite, which turned out to be an enhancing effect in the removal of arsenic from water.
Microbial capacitive desalination for integrated organic matter and salt removal and energy production from unconventional natural gas produced water
Authors: Forrestal Casey , Stoll Zachary , Xu Pei , Ren Zhiyong Jason
Published: November 2014

An integrated microbial capacitive desalination system removed both organic contaminants and salts from unconventional natural gas produced water with positive energy production.
A quantitative microfluidic angiogenesis screen for studying anti-angiogenic therapeutic drugs
Authors: Kim Choong , Kasuya Junichi , Jeon Jessie , Chung Seok , Kamm Roger D.
Published: November 2014

Anti-angiogenic therapy is now widely accepted as a treatment for cancer. We introduce a new microfluidic platform that can monitor and quantify cellular behaviors, such as morphological changes, endothelial cell viability, and formation of angiogenic sprouts, depending on the various concentrations of drug applied (i.e., bortezomib, a selective 26S proteasome inhibitor).
Application of bis(oxazoline) in asymmetric β-amination of chalcones
Authors: Deng Tao , Wang Hongjun , Cai Chun
Published: November 2014

A variety of β-imidoketone derivatives containing various functional groups were obtained with high enantioselectivities.
Improving the design of the agarose spot assay for eukaryotic cell chemotaxis
Authors: Szatmary Alex C. , Stuelten Christina H. , Nossal Ralph
Published: November 2014

The agarose spot assay is a simple chemotaxis assay. We determine time-dependent chemoattractant profiles and show that the assay can sustain useful gradients for 5–10 h, with duration increasing with spot size.
Measuring the adhesion strength of a thin film to a substrate by centrifugation
Authors: Wu Liang , Feng Hui , Guo Dameng , Zheng Bo
Published: November 2014

We developed a centrifugation-based method to quantify the adhesion strength of a thin film to a substrate. Hydrogel was synthesized to covalently bind the film to increase the centrifugal force to dislodge the film in a tabletop centrifuge.
Graphene oxide incorporated collagen–fibrin biofilm as a wound dressing material
Authors: Deepachitra R. , Ramnath V. , Sastry T. P.
Published: November 2014

GO was incorporated in the collagen and fibrin composite film (CFGO), these films were used as wound dressing material on the experimental wounds of rats and the efficacy of CFGO was studied using conventional methods (schematic illustration).
One-step and eco-friendly modification of cellulose membranes by polymer grafting
Authors: Credou Julie , Faddoul Rita , Berthelot Thomas
Published: November 2014

Cellulose sheets were grafted with several acrylic polymers, first globally through a dipping procedure and then locally by inkjet printing.
Rapid and sensitive detection of acrylic acid using a novel fluorescence assay
Authors: Lee Zhi Yi , Raghavan Sarada S. , Ghadessy Farid J. , Teo Yin Nah
Published: November 2014

A fluorescence detection assay for acrylic acid, an important target for biomass production, was developed. This assay is based on a photoactivated 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction and was demonstrated for bothin vitroandin vivoapplications.
A physicochemical investigation of ionic liquid mixtures
Authors: Clough Matthew T. , Crick Colin R. , Gräsvik John , Hunt Patricia A. , Niedermeyer Heiko , Welton Tom , Whitaker Oliver P.
Published: November 2014

A comprehensive study of ionic liquid mixtures reveals a remarkable adhesion to ideal mixing laws, with some consistent exceptions.
Rotating crystals of magnetic Janus colloids
Authors: Yan J. , Bae S. C. , Granick S.
Published: November 2014

Shear melting, dislocations, and periodically mobile domain boundaries are observed in rotating magnetic crystals.
Polyvinylamine modified polyester fibers – innovative textiles for the removal of chromate from contaminated groundwater
Authors: Mayer-Gall Thomas , Opwis Klaus , Gutmann Jochen S.
Published: November 2014

A new polyelectrolyte and textile based adsorbent material for the removal of chromate from contaminated groundwater.
Photogenerated electron reservoir in hetero-p–n CuO–ZnO nanocomposite device for visible-light-driven photocatalytic reduction of aqueous Cr(vi)
Authors: Yu Jianyu , Zhuang Shendong , Xu Xiaoyong , Zhu Wenchang , Feng Bing , Hu Jingguo
Published: November 2014

A 3D CuO–ZnO p–n junction hierarchical device was fabricated via sequential in situ crystallization and hydrothermal reaction on Cu foil and exhibited enhanced visible light photocatalytic reduction with stable recyclability to Cr(vi).
Shortened aerogel fabrication times using an ethanol–water azeotrope as a gelation and drying solvent
Authors: White L. S. , Bertino M. F. , Kitchen G. , Young J. , Newton C. , Al-Soubaihi R. , Saeed S. , Saoud K.
Published: November 2014

Native and cross-linked aerogel monoliths were fabricated in a few hours using a technique that does not require solvent exchange prior to supercritical drying.
Highly porous flame-retardant and sustainable biofoams based on wheat gluten and in situ polymerized silica
Authors: Wu Qiong , Andersson Richard L. , Holgate Tim , Johansson Eva , Gedde Ulf W. , Olsson Richard T. , Hedenqvist Mikael S.
Published: November 2014

Wheat gluten from ethanol production is presented as flame-retardant silica hybrid biofoams for insulation. The porosity of 90% and self-extinguishing nature make them an attractive alternative to petroleum-based foams.
Polymer electrolytes based on dicationic polymeric ionic liquids: application in lithium metal batteries
Authors: Yin Kun , Zhang Zhengxi , Li Xiaowei , Yang Li , Tachibana Kazuhiro , Hirano Shin-ichi
Published: November 2014

Polymer electrolytes based on dicationic PILs allow successful battery operation at low–medium temperatures (25–40 °C).
A novel pseudo-protein-based biodegradable coating for magnesium substrates: in vitro corrosion phenomena and cytocompatibility
Authors: Liu J. , Liu X. L. , Xi T. F. , Chu C. C.
Published: November 2014

The goal of this study is to examine whether a member of the newly developed biodegradable pseudo-protein biomaterial family could provide a far better protection and performance than the popular hydrolytically degradable poly(glycolide-co-lactide) (PLGA) biomaterial on an experimental magnesium substrate as a model.
Designed self-assembled hybrid Au@CdS core–shell nanoparticles with negative charge and their application as highly selective biosensors
Authors: Zhang Wuxiang , Zheng Jianzhong , Tan Changhui , Lin Xuan , Hu Shirong , Chen Jianhua , You Xiuli , Li Shunxing
Published: November 2014

Schematic illustration of the reaction mechanism of Au@CdS core–shell structure with DA in the presence of UA and AA.
A tetrathiafulvalene-grafted titanium-oxo-cluster material: self-catalyzed crystal exfoliation and photocurrent response properties
Authors: Yin Jing-Xue , Huo Peng , Wang Sheng , Wu Jing , Zhu Qin-Yu , Dai Jie
Published: November 2014

A unique TiO–TTF cluster is reported. Under O2 the single red crystal changes to a black “crystal” composed of regularly arranged floorboard-like micro-plates. An enhanced photocurrent response was observed for the TiO–TTF radical material.
Rapid determination of polarizability exaltation in fullerene-based nanostructures
Authors: Swart M. , van Duijnen P. Th.
Published: November 2014

Exaltation of polarizability of C60 fullerene nanostructures obtained in seconds with Thole's model.
Identification ofLeishmania donovaniperoxin 14 residues required for binding the peroxin 5 receptor proteins
Authors: Hojjat Hamed , Jardim Armando
Published: November 2014

Trafficking of peroxisomal targeting signal 1 (PTS1) proteins to the Leishmania glycosome is dependent on the docking of the LdPEX5 receptor to LdPEX14 on the glycosomal membrane. A combination of deletion and random mutagenesis was used to identify residues in the LdPEX14 N-terminal region that are critical for mediating the LdPEX5–LdPEX14 interaction. These studies highlighted residues 35–75 on ldpex14 as the core domain required for binding LdPEX5. Single point mutation within this core domain generally did not affect the ldpex5-(203–391)–ldpex14-(1–120) interaction; notable exceptions were substitutions at Phe40, Val46 or Phe57 which completely abolished or increased the apparent Kd value for ldpex5-(203–391) binding 30-fold. Biochemical studies revealed that these point mutations did not alter either the secondary or quaternary structure of LdPEX14 and indicated that the latter residues were critical for stabilizing the LdPEX5–LdPEX14 interaction.
A potential foundation for emergent space-time
Authors: Knuth Kevin H. , Bahreyni Newshaw
Published: November 2014

We present a novel derivation of both the Minkowski metric and Lorentz transformations from the consistent quantification of a causally ordered set of events with respect to an embedded observer. Unlike past derivations, which have relied on assumptions such as the existence of a 4-dimensional manifold, symmetries of space-time, or the constant speed of light, we demonstrate that these now familiar mathematics can be derived as the unique means to consistently quantify a network of events. This suggests that space-time need not be physical, but instead the mathematics of space and time emerges as the unique way in which an observer can consistently quantify events and their relationships to one another. The result is a potential foundation for emergent space-time.
The enhanced spontaneous dielectric polarization in Ga doped CuFeO2
Authors: Shi Liran , Xia Zhengcai , Wei Meng , Huang Junwei , Chen Borong , Long Zhuo , Shang Cui , Ouyang Zhongwen , Xia Nianming
Published: November 2014

The magnetic and dielectric polarization properties of the single crystal samples of CuFe1−xGaxO2 (x = 0 and 0.02) are investigated. Experimental results show that the magnetization and dielectric polarizations are anisotropy and coupled together. Compared with pure CuFeO2, in the case with the magnetic field parallel to the c axis, a field-induced phase transition with a hysteresis is clearly observed between the five-sublattice (5SL) and three-sublattice (3SL) phases. Specially, an obvious spontaneous dielectric polarization is observed in CuFe0.98Ga0.02O2 in a lower magnetic field region, indicating that the Ga doping has an effect on the enhancement of spontaneous dielectric polarization. Based on the dilution effect, change of exchange interaction, and partial release of the spin frustration due to the structural modulation of the Ga ion dopant, the origin of the magnetization, and spontaneous polarization characteristics are discussed and the complete dielectric polarization diagrams are assumed.
Femtosecond time-resolved XUV + UV photoelectron imaging of pure helium nanodroplets
Authors: Ziemkiewicz Michael P. , Bacellar Camila , Siefermann Katrin R. , Leone Stephen R. , Neumark Daniel M. , Gessner Oliver
Published: November 2014

Liquid helium nanodroplets, consisting of on average 2 × 106 atoms, are examined using femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging. The droplets are excited by an extreme ultraviolet light pulse centered at 23.7 eV photon energy, leading to states within a band that is associated with the 1s3p and 1s4p Rydberg levels of free helium atoms. The initially excited states and subsequent relaxation dynamics are probed by photoionizing transient species with a 3.2 eV pulse and using velocity map imaging to measure time-dependent photoelectron kinetic energy distributions. Significant differences are seen compared to previous studies with a lower energy (1.6 eV) probe pulse. Three distinct time-dependent signals are analyzed by global fitting. A broad intense signal, centered at an electron kinetic energy (eKE) of 2.3 eV, grows in faster than the experimental time resolution and decays in ∼100 fs. This feature is attributed to the initially excited droplet state. A second broad transient feature, with eKE ranging from 0.5 to 4 eV, appears at a rate similar to the decay of the initially excited state and is attributed to rapid atomic reconfiguration resulting in Franck-Condon overlap with a broader range of cation geometries, possibly involving formation of a Rydberg-excited (Hen)* core within the droplet. An additional relaxation pathway leads to another short-lived feature with vertical binding energies ≳2.4 eV, which is identified as a transient population within the lower-lying 1s2p Rydberg band. Ionization at 3.2 eV shows an enhanced contribution from electronically excited droplet states compared to ejected Rydberg atoms, which dominate at 1.6 eV. This is possibly the result of increased photoelectron generation from the bulk of the droplet by the more energetic probe photons.
Theoretical spectroscopic characterization of the ArBeO complex
Authors: Tebai Y. , Jaidane N.-E. , Ben Abdallah D. , Halvick Ph. , Stoecklin T. , Hochlaf M.
Published: November 2014

Using the recently developed explicitly correlated coupled cluster method in connection with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set, we generated the three-dimensional potential energy surface (3D-PES) of the ground state of the Ar–BeO complex. This PES covers the regions of the global and local minima, the saddle point, and the dissociation of the complex. The PES is also used for the calculation of the rovibrational spectrum up to the dissociation limit. The high density of levels which is observed favors the mixing of the states and hence the occurrence of anharmonic resonances. The wavefunctions of the high rovibrational levels exhibit large amplitude motions in addition to strong anharmonic resonances. Our theoretical spectrum should be helpful in identifying the van der Waals modes of this complex in laboratory.
Preface: Special Topic on Interfacial and Confined Water
Authors: Molinero Valeria , Kay Bruce D.
Published: November 2014

This special topic on the chemical physics of interfacial and confined water contains a collection of original research papers that showcase recent theoretical and experimental advances in the field. These papers provide a timely discussion of fundamental aspects of interfacial and confined water that are important in both natural environments and engineered applications.
Constructing new braided T-categories over monoidal Hom-Hopf algebras
Authors: You Miman , Wang Shuanhong
Published: November 2014

Let \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}${\sl Aut}_{mHH}(H)$\end{document}AutmHH(H) denote the set of all automorphisms of a monoidal Hopf algebra H with bijective antipode in the sense of Caenepeel and Goyvaerts [“Monoidal Hom-Hopf algebras,” Commun. Algebra 39, 2216–2240 (2011)] and let G be a crossed product group \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}${\sl Aut}_{mHH}(H)\times {\sl Aut}_{mHH}(H)$\end{document}AutmHH(H)×AutmHH(H). The main aim of this paper is to provide new examples of braided T-category in the sense of Turaev [“Crossed group-categories,” Arabian J. Sci. Eng., Sect. C 33(2C), 483–503 (2008)]. For this purpose, we first introduce a class of new categories \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$_{H}\mathcal {MHYD}^{H}(A, B)$\end{document}MHYDHH(A,B) of (A, B)-Yetter-Drinfeld Hom-modules with \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$A , B \in {\sl Aut}_{mHH}(H)$\end{document}A,B∈AutmHH(H). Then we construct a category \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}${\cal MHYD}(H) =\lbrace {}_{H}\mathcal {MHYD}^{H}(A, B)\rbrace _{(A , B )\in G}$\end{document}MHYD(H)={MHYDHH(A,B)}(A,B)∈G and show that such category forms a new braided T-category, generalizing the main constructions by Panaite and Staic [“Generalized (anti) Yetter-Drinfel'd modules as components of a braided T-category,” Isr. J. Math. 158, 349–366 (2007)]. Finally, we compute an explicit new example of such braided T-categories.
Ruddleson-Popper phase SnO(SnTiO3)n: Lead-free layered ferroelectric materials with large spontaneous polarization
Authors: Zhang Rui-zhi , Wang Da-wei , Zhu Xiu-hong , Ye Hong-jun , Wei Xiao-yong , Xu Zhuo
Published: November 2014

Perovskite phase SnTiO3 was predicted to have a large spontaneous polarization of 1.1 C/m2, but its synthesis has been unsuccessful so far. Here, we calculated the ferroelectric properties of a series of Ruddleson-Popper (RP) phase SnO(SnTiO3)n (n = 1 ∼ 6), with perovskite SnTiO3 as the ending structure (n = ∞), using the first principles calculations. An analysis of RP phase tolerance factor indicated that the fabrication of the RP phase SnO(SnTiO3)n may be easier than that for SnTiO3. For bulk SnO(SnTiO3)1, the most stable phase is Aba2 with a spontaneous polarization of 0.53 C/m2 along [110]. Aba2 is also the most stable phase for SnO(SnTiO3)1 under biaxial strain. For RP phase SnO(SnTiO3)n on a SrTiO3 substrate, there is also a phase transition with the increasing layer thickness n. The polarization increases with strain or layer thickness. The ferroelectric properties and size effect in the free standing RP phase SnO(SnTiO3)n nanosheets were also investigated, and the in-plane polarization is 60% larger than that of the bulk.
Stability of Iowa mutant and wild type Aβ-peptide aggregates
Authors: Alred Erik J. , Scheele Emily G. , Berhanu Workalemahu M. , Hansmann Ulrich H. E.
Published: November 2014

Recent experiments indicate a connection between the structure of amyloid aggregates and their cytotoxicity as related to neurodegenerative diseases. Of particular interest is the Iowa Mutant, which causes early-onset of Alzheimer's disease. While wild-type Amyloid β-peptides form only parallel beta-sheet aggregates, the mutant also forms meta-stable antiparallel beta sheets. Since these structural variations may cause the difference in the pathological effects of the two Aβ-peptides, we have studied in silico the relative stability of the wild type and Iowa mutant in both parallel and antiparallel forms. We compare regular molecular dynamics simulations with such where the viscosity of the samples is reduced, which, we show, leads to higher sampling efficiency. By analyzing and comparing these four sets of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we probe the role of the various factors that could lead to the structural differences. Our analysis indicates that the parallel forms of both wild type and Iowa mutant aggregates are stable, while the antiparallel aggregates are meta-stable for the Iowa mutant and not stable for the wild type. The differences result from the direct alignment of hydrophobic interactions in the in-register parallel oligomers, making them more stable than the antiparallel aggregates. The slightly higher thermodynamic stability of the Iowa mutant fibril-like oligomers in its parallel organization over that in antiparallel form is supported by previous experimental measurements showing slow inter-conversion of antiparallel aggregates into parallel ones. Knowledge of the mechanism that selects between parallel and antiparallel conformations and determines their relative stability may open new avenues for the development of therapies targeting familial forms of early-onset Alzheimer's disease.
Modified wave operators for discrete Schrödinger operators with long-range perturbations
Authors: Nakamura Shu
Published: November 2014

We consider the scattering theory for discrete Schrödinger operators on \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\mathbb {Z}^d$\end{document}Zd with long-range potentials. We prove the existence of modified wave operators constructed in terms of solutions of a Hamilton-Jacobi equation on the torus \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\mathbb {T}^d$\end{document}Td.
Dynamic mode decomposition for large and streaming datasets
Authors: Hemati Maziar S. , Williams Matthew O. , Rowley Clarence W.
Published: November 2014

We formulate a low-storage method for performing dynamic mode decomposition that can be updated inexpensively as new data become available; this formulation allows dynamical information to be extracted from large datasets and data streams. We present two algorithms: the first is mathematically equivalent to a standard “batch-processed” formulation; the second introduces a compression step that maintains computational efficiency, while enhancing the ability to isolate pertinent dynamical information from noisy measurements. Both algorithms reliably capture dominant fluid dynamic behaviors, as demonstrated on cylinder wake data collected from both direct numerical simulations and particle image velocimetry experiments.
Significant increase of Curie temperature in nano-scale BaTiO3
Authors: Li Yueliang , Liao Zhenyu , Fang Fang , Wang Xiaohui , Li Longtu , Zhu Jing
Published: November 2014

The low Curie temperature (Tc = 130 °C) of bulk BaTiO3 greatly limits its applications. In this work, the phase structures of BaTiO3 nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 2.5 nm to 10 nm were studied at various temperatures by using aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM) equipped with an in-situ heating holder. The results implied that each BaTiO3 nanoparticle was composed of different phases, and the ferroelectric ones were observed in the shells due to the complicated surface structure. The ferroelectric phases in BaTiO3 nanoparticles remained at 600 °C, suggesting a significant increase of Tc. Based on the in-situ TEM results and the data reported by others, temperature-size phase diagrams for BaTiO3 particles and ceramics were proposed, showing that the phase transition became diffused and the Tc obviously increased with decreasing size. The present work sheds light on the design and fabrication of advanced devices for high temperature applications.
Schottky barrier height reduction for holes by Fermi level depinning using metal/nickel oxide/silicon contacts
Authors: Islam Raisul , Shine Gautam , Saraswat Krishna C.
Published: November 2014

We report the experimental demonstration of Fermi level depinning using nickel oxide (NiO) as the insulator material in metal-insulator-semiconductor (M-I-S) contacts. Using this contact, we show less than 0.1 eV barrier height for holes in platinum/NiO/silicon (Pt/NiO/p-Si) contact. Overall, the pinning factor was improved from 0.08 (metal/Si) to 0.26 (metal/NiO/Si). The experimental results show good agreement with that obtained from theoretical calculation. NiO offers high conduction band offset and low valence band offset with Si. By reducing Schottky barrier height, this contact can be used as a carrier selective contact allowing hole transport but blocking electron transport, which is important for high efficiency in photonic applications such as photovoltaics and optical detectors.
Minimal model for spoof acoustoelastic surface states
Authors: Christensen J. , Liang Z. , Willatzen M.
Published: November 2014

Similar to textured perfect electric conductors for electromagnetic waves sustaining artificial or spoof surface plasmons we present an equivalent phenomena for the case of sound. Aided by a minimal model that is able to capture the complex wave interaction of elastic cavity modes and airborne sound radiation in perfect rigid panels, we construct designer acoustoelastic surface waves that are entirely controlled by the geometrical environment. Comparisons to results obtained by full-wave simulations confirm the feasibility of the model and we demonstrate illustrative examples such as resonant transmissions and waveguiding to show a few examples of many where spoof elastic surface waves are useful.
Nonlinear optimal filter technique for analyzing energy depositions in TES sensors driven into saturation
Authors: Shank B. , Yen J. J. , Cabrera B. , Kreikebaum J. M. , Moffatt R. , Redl P. , Young B. A. , Brink P. L. , Cherry M. , Tomada A.
Published: November 2014

We present a detailed thermal and electrical model of superconducting transition edge sensors (TESs) connected to quasiparticle (qp) traps, such as the W TESs connected to Al qp traps used for CDMS (Cryogenic Dark Matter Search) Ge and Si detectors. We show that this improved model, together with a straightforward time-domain optimal filter, can be used to analyze pulses well into the nonlinear saturation region and reconstruct absorbed energies with optimal energy resolution.
Admission time to hospital: a varying standard for a critical definition for admissions to an intensive care unit from the emergency department
Authors: Nanayakkara Shane , Weiss Heike , Bailey Michael , van Lint Allison , Cameron Peter , Pilcher David
Published: November 2014

Objective Time spent in the emergency department (ED) before admission to hospital is often considered an important key performance indicator (KPI). Throughout Australia and New Zealand, there is no standard definition of ‘time of admission’ for patients admitted through the ED. By using data submitted to the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Adult Patient Database, the aim was to determine the differing methods used to define hospital admission time and assess how these impact on the calculation of time spent in the ED before admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods Between March and December of 2010, 61 hospitals were contacted directly. Decision methods for determining time of admission to the ED were matched to 67787 patient records. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between decision method and the reported time spent in the ED. Results Four mechanisms of recording time of admission were identified, with time of triage being the most common (28/61 hospitals). Reported median time spent in the ED varied from 2.5 (IQR 0.83–5.35) to 5.1 h (2.82–8.68), depending on the decision method. After adjusting for illness severity, hospital type and location, decision method remained a significant factor in determining measurement of ED length of stay. Conclusions Different methods are used in Australia and New Zealand to define admission time to hospital. Professional bodies, hospitals and jurisdictions should ensure standardisation of definitions for appropriate interpretation of KPIs as well as for the interpretation of studies assessing the impact of admission time to ICU from the ED. What is known about the topic? There are standards for the maximum time spent in the ED internationally, but these standards vary greatly across Australia. The definition of such a standard is critically important not only to patient care, but also in the assessment of hospital outcomes. Key performance indicators rely on quality data to improve decision-making. What does this paper add? This paper quantifies the variability of times measured and analyses why the variability exists. It also discusses the impact of this variability on assessment of outcomes and provides suggestions to improve standardisation. What are the implications for practitioners? This paper provides a clearer view on standards regarding length of stay in the ICU, highlighting the importance of key performance indicators, as well as the quality of data that underlies them. This will lead to significant changes in the way we standardise and interpret data regarding length of stay.
Synthesis of 6-Azapurines by Transformation of Toxoflavins and Reumycins (7-Azapteridines) and their Cytotoxicities
Authors: Ma Jun , Yoneda Fumio , Nagamatsu Tomohisa
Published: November 2014

This paper describes a reliable and facile synthesis of 6-azapurines, 1,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-e][1,2,4]triazin-6(5H)-ones and 5-methyl-5H-imidazo[4,5-e][1,2,4]triazin-6(7H)-ones, by treatment of toxoflavins and reumycins with 10 % aqueous or ethanolic sodium hydroxide at 5–70°C or reflux, followed by decarboxylation and oxidation by air along with a benzilic acid type rearrangement. Furthermore, heating the produced 6-azapurines in 10 % ethanolic sodium hydroxide afforded the corresponding 1-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazines with 1-methylurea. The antitumour activities of the 6-azapurines against CCRF-HSB-2 (human T-cell acute lymphoblastoid leukemia) and KB (human oral epidermoid carcinoma) cell lines were also investigated in vitro and some of the compounds showed prospective antitumour activities.
Competitive ability of Australian canola (Brassica napus) genotypes for weed management
Authors: Lemerle Deirdre , Luckett David J. , Lockley Peter , Koetz Eric , Wu Hanwen
Published: November 2014

Canola (Brassica napus L.) is an important break crop in Australian cropping systems but weeds are a major cost to production and herbicide-resistant weeds are spreading. The potential competitive ability of canola genotypes to both suppress weed growth and maintain grain yield and quality in the presence of weeds has not been determined in Australia. Two experiments examined the range in competitive ability of 16 B. napus genotypes against annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) and volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) over two contrasting seasons. Weed biomass at flowering was generally reduced 50% more in the presence of the strongly competitive genotypes than the least competitive, and this has significant benefits for lower weed seed production and reduced seedbank replenishment. Suppression of weed growth was negatively correlated with crop biomass. Significant differences in grain yield of canola were recorded between weedy and weed-free plots, depending on crop genotype, presence of weeds and season. Crop yield tolerance (where 0% = no tolerance and 100% = complete tolerance) to ryegrass competition ranged from 0% (e.g. with CB-Argyle) to 30–40% (e.g. with the hybrids 46Y78 and Hyola-50) in the dry season of 2009. Yield tolerance was higher (50–100%) with the lower densities of volunteer wheat and in the 2010 season. The range between genotypes was similar for both conditions. The hybrids and AV-Garnet were higher yielding and more competitive than the triazine-tolerant cultivars. The ranking of genotypes for competitiveness was strongly influenced by seasonal conditions; some genotypes were consistently more competitive than others. Competitive crops are a low-cost tactic for integrated weed management to reduce dependence on herbicides and retard the spread of herbicide-resistant weeds.
Two dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction methods coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in field water
Authors: Chu Shang-Ping , Huang Chun-Kai , Chen Pai-Shan , Huang Shang-Da
Published: November 2014

Environmental context
Conventional sample pretreatment for the determination of pesticides in environmental samples is time consuming and labour intensive. We report two dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction methods that provide rapid homogeneous emulsification in aqueous samples within 2min. These simple and environmentally friendly extraction methods are particularly suitable for the measurement of organophosphorus pesticides in field water.

Abstract
The methods up-and-down shaker-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (UDSA-DLLME) and water with low concentration of surfactant in dispersed solvent-assisted emulsion dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (WLSEME) were developed for the analysis of 13 organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in water samples by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). UDSA-DLLME required only 14μL of 5-methyl-1-hexanol as the extraction solvent. The use of an up-and-down shaker allowed homogeneous and rapid emulsification of aqueous samples. OPP extraction was completed in 2min. In WLSEME, a mixture containing 9μL of the extraction solvent (1-heptanol) and 250μL of water as the dispersed solvent (containing 10mgL–1, Triton X-100) was withdrawn and expelled four times within 10s using a microsyringe to form a cloudy emulsion in the syringe. This emulsion was then injected into 5mL of aqueous sample spiked with all of the above OPPs. The total extraction time was ~0.5min. After optimisation, the linear range of the method was 0.1–100μgL–1 for UDSA-DLLME and 0.05–100μgL–1 for WLSEME. The coefficient of determination was greater than 0.9958. The limits of detection ranged from 0.040 to 0.069μgL–1 for UDSA-DLLME and 0.020 to 0.035μgL–1 for WLSEME. Analyses of river water, lake water and underground water had absolute recoveries of 34 to 96% and relative recoveries of 84 to 115% for both methods. Other emulsification methods such as vortex-assisted, ultrasound-assisted and manual-shaking-enhanced ultrasound-assisted methods were also compared against the proposed UDSA-DLLME and WLSEME methods. The results reveal that UDSA-DLLME and WLSEME provided higher extraction efficiency and precision.