bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Preheating Temperature on the Forming Limit Diagram of AA1050/AA7050 Al Multilayered Sheets Produced by Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB)
Authors: Magalhães Danielle Cristina Camilo , Huitron Sergio Alberto Elizalde , Marrero Jose Maria Cabrera , Cintho Osvaldo Mitsuyuki , Kliauga Andrea Madeira , Sordi Vitor Luiz
Published: November 2022

Multilayered sheets of AA1050 and AA7050 Al alloys produced by hot accumulative roll bonding (ARB) are tested to estimate their forming limit diagrams (FLDs). Sheets processed with preheating at 450 and 500 °C for up to six ARB cycles are submitted to Nakazima tests with an in situ digital image correlation system and tensile tests to analyze the mechanical behavior. X‐ray measurements and electron backscatter diffraction are performed to obtain the crystallographic texture and the mesotexture, respectively, and thus characterize the heterogeneous microstructure. A bimodal grain size distribution is observed in these sheets since AA7050 layers present elongated and fine grain size with nanometric precipitates and AA1050 layers present coarser and equiaxed grains. In addition, texture analysis indicates both rolling and shear components in the sheets. The FLDs show that the forming properties did not follow the expected rule of mixtures when compared with monolithic alloy sheets. Overall, the multilayered AA1050/AA7050 processed by means of ARB at 500 °C presents better formability than that at 450 °C, due to the combination of lower anisotropy measured by the Lankford coefficients values close to 1 and low normal anisotropy Δr values.
A Magnetically and Thermally Controlled Liquid Metal Variable Stiffness Material
Authors: Zhang Mingkui , Chen Xuanhan , Sun Yongwei , Gan Minfeng , Liu Maze , Tang Shi-Yang , Zhang Shiwu , Li Xiangpeng , Li Weihua , Sun Lining
Published: November 2022

Smart materials that can actively tune their stiffness are of great interest to many fields, including the construction industry, medical devices, industrial machines, and soft robotics. However, developing a material that can offer a large range of stiffness change and rapid tuning remains a challenge. Herein, a liquid metal variable stiffness material (LMVSM) that can actively and rapidly tune its stiffness by applying an external magnetic field or by changing the temperature is developed. The LMVSM is composed of three layers: a gallium–iron magnetorheological fluid (Ga–Fe MRF) layer for providing variable stiffness, a nickel–chromium wire layer for Joule heating, and a soft heat dissipation layer for accelerating heating and rapid cooling. The stiffness can be rapidly increased by 4 times upon the application of a magnetic field or 10 times by solidifying the Ga–Fe MRF. Finally, the LMVSM is attached to a pneumatically controlled soft robotic gripper to actively tune its load capacity, demonstrating its potential to be further developed into smart components that can be widely adopted by smart devices.
3D‐Printed Photoresponsive Liquid Crystal Elastomer Composites for Free‐Form Actuation
Authors: Wang Yuchen , Yin Rui , Jin Lishuai , Liu Mingzhu , Gao Yuchong , Raney Jordan , Yang Shu
Published: November 2022

Direct ink writing of liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) offers a new opportunity to program geometries for a wide variety of shape transformation modes toward applications such as soft robotics. So far, most 3D‐printed LCEs are thermally actuated. Herein, a 3D‐printable photoresponsive gold nanorod (AuNR)/LCE composite ink is developed, allowing for photothermal actuation of the 3D‐printed structures with AuNR as low as 0.1 wt.%. It is shown that the printed filament has a superior photothermal response with 27% actuation strain upon irradiation to near‐infrared (NIR) light (808 nm) at 1.4 W cm−2 (corresponding to 160 °C) under optimal printing conditions. The 3D‐printed composite structures can be globally or locally actuated into different shapes by controlling the area exposed to the NIR laser. Taking advantage of the customized structures enabled by 3D printing and the ability to control locally exposed light, a light‐responsive soft robot is demonstrated that can climb on a ratchet surface with a maximum speed of 0.284 mm s−1 (on a flat surface) and 0.216 mm s−1 (on a 30° titled surface), respectively, corresponding to 0.428 and 0.324 body length per min, respectively, with a large body mass (0.23 g) and thickness (1 mm).
Switchable ROS Scavenger/Generator for MRI‐Guided Anti‐Inflammation and Anti‐Tumor Therapy with Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy and Reduced Side Effects
Authors: Li Muyao , Huo Linlin , Zeng Jie , Zhu Guifen , Liu Xiangqing , Zhu Xianglong , Huang Guoming , Wang Yi , Ni Kaiyuan , Zhao Zhenghuan
Published: November 2022

Photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT)  accumulates in both tumor and adjacent normal tissue due to low selective biodistribution, results in undesirable side effect with limited clinic application. Herein, an intelligent nanoplatform is reported that selectively acts as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger in normal tissue but as ROS generator in tumor microenvironment (TME) to differentially control ROS level in tumor and surrounding normal tissue during PDT. By down‐regulating the produced ROS with dampened cytokine wave in normal tissue after PDT, the nanoplatform reduces the inflammatory response of normal tissue in PDT, minimizing the side effect and tumor metastasis in PDT. Alternatively, the nanoplatform switches from ROS scavenger to generator through the glutathione (GSH) responsive degradation in TME, which effectively improves the PDT efficacy with reduced GSH level and amplified oxidative stress in tumor. Simultaneously, the released Mn ions provide real‐time and in situ signal change of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor the reversal process of catalysis activity and achieve accurate tumor diagnosis. This TME‐responsive ROS scavenger/generator with activable MRI contrast may provide a new dimension for design of next‐generation PDT agents with precise diagnosis, high therapeutic efficacy, and low side effect.
A MoS2Hafnium Oxide Based Ferroelectric Encoder for Temporal‐Efficient Spiking Neural Network
Authors: Chien Yu‐Chieh , Xiang Heng , Shi Yufei , Duong Ngoc Thanh , Li Sifan , Ang Kah‐Wee
Published: November 2022

Spiking neural network (SNN), where the information is evaluated recurrently through spikes, has manifested significant promises to minimize the energy expenditure in data‐intensive machine learning and artificial intelligence. Among these applications, the artificial neural encoders are essential to convert the external stimuli to a spiking format that can be subsequently fed to the neural network. Here, a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) hafnium oxide‐based ferroelectric encoder is demonstrated for temporal‐efficient information processing in SNN. The fast domain switching attribute associated with the polycrystalline nature of hafnium oxide‐based ferroelectric material is exploited for spike encoding, rendering it suitable for realizing biomimetic encoders. Accordingly, a high‐performance ferroelectric encoder is achieved, featuring a superior switching efficiency, negligible charge trapping effect, and robust ferroelectric response, which successfully enable a broad dynamic range. Furthermore, an SNN is simulated to verify the precision of the encoded information, in which an average inference accuracy of 95.14% can be achieved, using the Modified National Insitute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) dataset for digit classification. Moreover, this ferroelectric encoder manifests prominent resilience against noise injection with an overall prediction accuracy of 94.73% under various Gaussian noise levels, showing practical promises to reduce the computational load for the neural network.
Local Electric Field Promoted Kinetics and Interfacial Stability of a Phosphorus Anode with Ionic Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Cao Yu , Zhang Shaojie , Zhang Baoshan , Han Chengyu , Zhang Yiming , Wang Xiaoyi , Liu Shuo , Gong Haochen , Liu Xinyi , Fang Siyu , Pan Fusheng , Sun Jie
Published: November 2022

A phosphorus anode is a promising option for energy‐storage applications because of its high theoretical specific capacity and safe lithiation potential. However, the multiphase phosphorus lithiation/delithiation reactions and soluble reaction intermediates cause sluggish reaction kinetics and loss of active materials. Herein, a novel local electric field (LEF) strategy is proposed to inhibit the intermediates dissolution and promote the reaction kinetics by optimizing ionic covalent organic frameworks (iCOFs). Among them, the LEF induced by the cationic covalent organic framework effectively enhances the electrochemical performance of the phosphorus anode. The strong electrostatic interaction between the polyphosphides and cationic covalent organic framework confines the dissolution of active materials and tailors the electronic structure of polyphosphides to accelerate the reaction kinetics. The cationic covalent‐organic‐framework‐assisted phosphorus anode provides a high capacity of 1227.8 mAh g−1 at 10.4 A g−1 (8.6 C) and a high‐capacity retention of 87% after 500 cycles at 1.3 A g−1. This work not only broadens the application of iCOFs for phosphorus anode but also inspires the great potential of the local electric field in battery technology.
Strong and Tough Supramolecular Covalent Adaptable Networks with Room‐Temperature Closed‐Loop Recyclability
Authors: Zhang Zhuoqiang , Lei Dong , Zhang Chenxuan , Wang Zhenyu , Jin Yinghua , Zhang Wei , Liu Xiaokong , Sun Junqi
Published: November 2022

Development of closed‐loop chemically recyclable plastics (CCRPs) that can be widely used in daily life can be a fundamental solution to the global plastic waste crisis. Hence, it is of great significance to develop easy‐to‐recycle CCRPs that possess superior or comparable material properties to the commodity plastics. Here, a novel dual crosslinked CCRP, namely, supramolecular covalent adaptable networks (supra‐CANs), is reported, which not only displays mechanical properties higher than the strong and tough commodity polycarbonate, but also exhibits excellent solvent resistance as thermosets. The supra‐CANs are constructed by introducing reversible noncovalent crosslinks into the dynamic covalent polymer networks, resulting in highly stiff and strong thermosets that also exhibit thermoplastic‐like ductile and tough behaviors as well as reprocessability and rehealability. In great contrast, the analogs that do not have noncovalent crosslinks (CANs) show elastomeric properties with significantly decreased mechanical strength. Importantly, the developed supra‐CANs and CANs can be converted back into the initial monomers in high yields and purity at room temperature, even with additives, which enables the sustainable polymer‐monomer‐polymer circulation. This work provides new design principles for high‐performance chemically recyclable polymers as sustainable substitutes for the conventional plastics.
All Digital Light Processing‐3D Printing of Flexible Sensor
Authors: Xiao Ting , Chen Yang , Li Qi , Gao Yang , Pan Likun , Xuan Fuzhen
Published: November 2022

Flexible sensor with high sensitivity, high durability, and facile fabrication process has promising applications in structural health monitoring, human–machine interface, and soft robotics areas. Digital light processing‐3D (DLP‐3D) printing can print flexible sensor in a scalable process. However, to achieve all DLP‐3D printing of flexible sensor, there still exist challenges of how to print sensing units with high sensitivity to external stimuli, interconnectors with high conductive stability at deformations, and robust interfaces between them for long‐term usage. To address this, a hybrid DLP‐3D printing method is developed, including the key steps of printing carbon nanotube/elastomer (MWCNT/EA) as sensing units and selective electrostatic self‐assembly of silver nanowires (Ag NWs) as interconnectors. As a demonstration, a flexible pressure sensor array integrated with amplifier circuit is fabricated by the method. The MWCNT/EA sensing unit with woodpile structure has nine times improved sensitivity than the solid one. The Ag NW interconnector with serpentine configuration shows insensitivity to strain and good mechanical stability. The interface between sensing unit and interconnector is mechanical robust due to the chemical bond formation under ultraviolet radiation. The flexible sensor could detect external stimuli with enhanced signals enabled by integrated amplifier circuit, exhibiting potentials of the method for flexible electronic fabrication.
Low‐Loss Graded Dielectrics via Active Mixing of Nanocomposite Inks during 3D Printing
Authors: Duncan Bradley , Weeks Robert D. , Barclay Benjamin , Beck Devon , Bluem Patrick , Rojas Roberto , Plaut Maxwell , Russo John , Uzel Sebastien G. M. , Lewis Jennifer A. , Fedynyshyn Theodore
Published: November 2022

Additive manufacturing has emerged as a promising approach for fabricating graded refractive index structures that control the electromagnetic response of radio frequency (RF) devices. However, current 3D printing methods cannot produce continuous gradients from multiple materials. Here, low‐loss graded dielectrics via active mixing of nanocomposite inks composed of block copolymers and oxide nanoparticles are designed and printed. By simultaneously tailoring their rheological, printing, and their local filler particle‐to‐polymer ratio using an active mixing printhead, a conductive microstrip‐graded substrate matching network with a gradually changing dielectric response, is created. In these printed devices, the impedance of the RF signal is controlled by the graded substrate rather than by varying the conductive microstrip geometry, enabling the fabrication of smaller RF devices. This approach enables the rapid design and fabrication of high‐performance RF devices with locally tunable dielectric properties.
Theoretical Prediction of Spinel Na2InxSc0.666−xCl4 and Rock‐Salt Na3In1−xScxCl6 Superionic Conductors for All‐Solid‐State Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hussain Fiaz , Yu Pengcheng , Zhu Jinlong , Xia Hui , Zhao Yusheng , Xia Wei
Published: November 2022

The demand for green, clean, and low‐cost energy based on next generation all‐solid‐state batteries is increasing day by day. Compared with all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries, all‐solid‐state sodium‐ion batteries (ASSSIBs) feature better environmental credentials, higher safety, and higher earth abundance. To develop such type of battery system, efficient solid‐state sodium electrolytes with high ionic conductivity at room temperature, wide electrochemical stability window, low electronic conductivity, and interface compatibility are needed, but are rarely reported. In this article, density functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamic simulations are performed to predict new sodium solid electrolytes, which produces a series of sodium superionic conductors with remarkable ion‐conducting properties and interface compatibility. The optimized composition discovered in this work can afford an extraordinary Na‐ionic conductivity of up to 8 mS cm−1 with an extremely low activation energy of 0.20 eV; in addition to the high chemical and electrochemical stabilities, which could be a central idea for the experimental study and accelerate the development of high‐performance ASSSIBs.
Analytical Physical Model for Organic Metal‐Electrolyte‐Semiconductor Capacitors
Authors: Huetter Larissa , Kyndiah Adrica , Gomila Gabriel
Published: November 2022

This work presents the analytical physical modeling of undoped organic metal‐electrolyte‐semiconductor (OMES) capacitors in the framework of the Nernst–Planck–Poisson theory, including the presence of compact interfacial layers. This work derives an exact analytical solution, up to a quadrature, for the stationary electric potential and charge density distributions in both the semiconductor film and the electrolyte solution, and from them the sheet semiconductor charge and the stationary differential capacitance are obtained as a function of the applied voltage. The dependence of these magnitudes on the physical device parameters, like the ionic concentration of the electrolyte, the capacitance of the interfacial compact layers and the injected hole density is then analyzed. This work shows that ionic diffusive effects in the electrolyte can play an important role in the device response, inducing a broadening of the transition from the weak to the strong accumulation regimes. This fact can make that the strong accumulation regime is not achieved in OMES within the usual voltage operation range of these devices. The analytical solution is validated by means of finite element numerical calculations. The implications of the results obtained on the physics of electrolyte gated organic field effect transistors (EGOFETs) are discussed.
Understanding heterogeneity in technology adoption among Indonesian smallholder dairy farmers
Authors: Akzar Rida , Umberger Wendy , Peralta Alexandra
Published: November 2022

This study aims to understand and profile smallholder farmers' technology adoption status. We collected cross‐sectional data from 600 smallholder dairy farming households in West Java, Indonesia. A Latent class cluster analysis identified two unique clusters of smallholder dairy farmers based on patterns in their adoption status of multiple dairy farming technologies. Cluster 1 (Low awareness/low adoption) had significantly lower awareness of all technologies, and among the “aware” farmers, technology adoption rates were also significantly lower compared to Cluster 2 (High awareness/high adoption). The Low awareness/low adoption cluster was older, had less formal education, managed fewer dairy cows, had less productive and less profitable dairy enterprises, lived further away from their cooperative and farmer group leader, and had fewer contacts with dairy extension staff. Farmers' responses to questions regarding reasons underpinning nonadoption decisions suggest that farmers face multilayered and heterogenous constraints to adopting dairy technologies. This insight can assist government, policymakers, and development professionals in designing technology dissemination programs that meet the unique characteristics of subgroups of farmers, ultimately improving the adoption of technologies. [EconLit Citations: Q12, Q16].
Highly Efficient Organosulfur and Lithium‐Metal Hosts Enabled by C@Fe3N Sponge
Authors: He Jiarui , Bhargav Amruth , Sul Hyunki , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: November 2022

Lithium‐organosulfur (Li‐OS) batteries, despite possessing high theoretical specific capacity, encounter a few practical challenges, including unsatisfactory lifespan and low active material utilization under realistic conditions. Here, diisoropyl xanthogen polysulfide (DIXPS) has been selected as a model organosulfur compound to investigate the practical feasibility of Li‐OS batteries under realistic conditions. A well‐designed freestanding carbon sponge decorated with Fe3N nanoparticles (C@Fe3N) is introduced into the Li‐OS cells as a scaffold for both Li and DIXPS. The lithiophilic property of the C@Fe3N host guides uniform lithium deposition at the anode, and the catalysis of the DIXPS conversion reaction promotes the kinetics at the cathode. Impressively, the synergistic effect of C@Fe3N leads to an extremely stable cycling performance over 1 000 cycles in a Li‐OS full cell under realistic conditions.
Electronic Effect‐Modulated Enhancements of Proton Conductivity in Porous Organic Polymers
Authors: Kim Sun Young , Kang Minjung , Kang Dong Won , Kim Hyojin , Choe Jong Hyeak , Yun Hongryeol , Hong Chang Seop
Published: November 2022

We proposed a new strategy to maximize the density of acidic groups by modulating the electronic effects of the substituents for high‐performance proton conductors. The conductivity of the sulfonated 1‐MeL40‐S with methyl group corresponds to 2.29×10−1 S cm−1 at 80 °C and 90 % relative humidity, remarkably an 22100‐fold enhancement over the nonsulfonated 1‐MeL40. 1‐MeL40‐S maintains long‐term conductivity for one month. We confirm that this synthetic method is generalized to the extended version POPs, 2‐MeL40‐S and 3‐MeL40‐S. In particular, the conductivities of the POPs compete with those of top‐level porous organic conductors. Moreover, the activation energy of the POPs is lower than that of the top‐performing materials. This study demonstrates that systematic alteration of the electronic effects of substituents is a useful route to improve the conductivity and long‐term durability of proton‐conducting materials.
Electrophoresis‐Assisted Multilayer Assembly of Nanoparticles for Sensitive Lateral Flow Immunoassay**
Authors: Panferov Vasily G. , Ivanov Nikita A. , Mazzulli Tony , Brinc Davor , Kulasingam Vathany , Krylov Sergey N.
Published: November 2022

Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is a rapid, simple, and inexpensive point‐of‐need method. A major limitation of LFIA is a high limit of detection (LOD), which impacts its diagnostic sensitivity. To overcome this limitation, we introduce a signal‐enhancement procedure that is performed after completing LFIA and involves controllably moving biotin‐ and streptavidin‐functionalized gold nanoparticles by electrophoresis. The nanoparticles link to immunocomplexes forming multilayer aggregates on the test strip, thus, enhancing the signal. Here, we demonstrate lowering the LOD of hepatitis B surface antigen from approximately 8 to 0.12 ng mL−1, making it clinically acceptable. Testing 118 clinical samples for hepatitis B showed that signal enhancement increased the diagnostic sensitivity of LFIA from 73 % to 98 % while not affecting its 95 % specificity. Electrophoresis‐driven enhancement of LFIA is universal (antigen‐independent), takes two minutes, and can be performed by an untrained person.
Synthesis and characterization of the two magnetic nanocomposites based on polyaniline and doped with cerium and terbium
Authors: Hashemibagha Mehri , Alemi Abdolali , Tadjarodi Azadeh , Amini Mojtaba
Published: November 2022

In this study, two new quadripartite nanocomposites, containing conductive polymer, expanded and functionalized graphene sheets and magnetic parts were synthesized in a simple procedure at room temperature. These compounds were synthesized to investigate the efficacy of contiguity of magnetic oxide, conductive polymer, and rare earth metal oxide. The synthesized compounds were identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and their electrochemical and magnetic properties were also investigated. The results showed that the presence of cerium oxide instead of terbium oxide reduces the magnetic property and increases the current density.
Malleable and recyclable thermoset network with reversible β‐hydroxyl esters and disulfide bonds
Authors: Lee Juho , Nanthananon Phornwalan , Kim Arin , Kwon Yong Ku
Published: November 2022

By combining bifunctional diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and trifunctional tris(4‐hydroxyphenyl) methane triglycidyl ether (TMTE) epoxy monomers, along with 4,4′‐dithiodibutyric acid (DTDBA) as a carboxylic acid, a variety of novel reprocessable and recyclable thermoset polymers are synthesized. The crosslinked network structures with different crosslinking densities are produced by changing the mixing ratio between DGEBA and TMTE, resulting in changes in mechanical and thermal properties of the final products. The stress relaxation and self‐healing experiments confirmed that all of these polymeric materials have covalent adaptable networks in their microstructures and perform reversible transesterification processes inside a polymer network. These thermoset polymers are completely decomposed in solution by disulfide‐thiol reduction of DTDBA with reversible cleavage or coupling capability in the presence of reducing agent, allowing chemical recycling capability into the thermoset polymer network.
A novel aggregation‐induced emission fluorescent probe with large Stokes shift for sensitive detection of pH changes in live cells
Authors: Zhang Shuwei , Wang Ting , Wang Xuewen , Liao Wenyi , Wang Xinyao , Yuan Yu , Chen Gang , Jia Xiaodong
Published: November 2022

The detection of intracellular pH is crucial for elucidating the pathological process of cancers, as well as for medical diagnostic applications. Here, we developed an aggregation‐induced emission active pH‐responsive fluorescent probe (TPE‐DCP) for sensitively detecting cell pH changes. The probe shows obvious pH‐sensing properties at ~615 nm, with a pKa value of 6.82 and a good linear pH response ranging from 8.5 to 4.5. TPE‐DCP holds advantages such as excellent anti‐interference performance, good photostability, and low cytotoxicity, and has been successfully used to image intracellular pH changes in cells.
Metabolism‐related lncRNAs signature to predict the prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sun Yimin , Liu Bingyan , Xiao BaoLai , Jiang XueFeng , Xiang Jin‐Jian , Xie Jianping , Hu Xiao‐Miao
Published: November 2022

Background

Cell metabolism and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) played crucial roles in cancer development. However, their association in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) remains unclear.

Methods

The COAD gene expression data and corresponding clinical data were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differential expression of metabolic genes and lncRNA were identified by comparing tumor and normal colon tissues. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to identify metabolism‐associated lncRNA. COAD patients were divided into training cohort and validation cohort by randomization. Then, a univariate Cox regression analysis was introduced to evaluate the correlations between metabolism‐related lncRNAs and overall survival (OS) of the patients in the training cohort. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method was introduced to determine and establish a prognostic prediction model. Subsequently, survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and Cox regression analysis were generated to estimate the prognostic role of the LncRNA risk score in training, validation, and entire cohorts.

Results

We identified 152 differentially expressed metabolism‐associated lncRNAs (MRLncRNAs). A prognostic prediction model involving four metabolism‐related lncRNAs were established using LASSO. In each cohort, COAD patients in the high‐risk group had worse OS compared to those in the low‐risk group. The ROC analyses demonstrated that the lncRNA signature performed well in predicting OS. Uni‐ and multivariate analysis indicated that the lncRNA signature as an independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, a correlation analysis demonstrated that LINC01138 was the most closely lncRNA related to metabolic genes. In vitro assays demonstrated that LINC01138 affects tumor progression in COAD.

Conclusions

In summary, we established a metabolism‐associated lncRNAs model to predict the prognosis in COAD patients.
Outcome and prognostic factors of unexpected ovarian carcinomas
Authors: Cheng Ching‐Yu , Hsu Heng‐Cheng , Tai Yi‐Jou , Chiang Ying‐Cheng , Chen Yu‐Li , Cheng Wen‐Fang
Published: November 2022

Background

We investigated risk factors influencing the outcome of unexpected ovarian carcinomas.

Methods

We reviewed the ovarian carcinoma patients treated at atertiary medical institution between 2000 and 2017 and analyze the clinico‐pathological characteristics, treatment strategies, recurrence status, and outcome.

Results

A total of 112 women (65 primary laparoscopic surgery [LSC] and 47 laparotomic surgery [LAPA]) were included in the analysis. The LSC group had smaller ovarian tumors (10.5 ± 7.3 cm vs. 16.6 ± 8.7 cm, p = 0.031) and higher incidence of subsequent staging surgery (56.9% vs. 25.5%, p = 0.0001) compared to the LAPA group. There were 98/112 (86.6%) of early stages (I/II) diseases. The difference between the recurrent rate (27.7% vs. 31.9%), disease‐free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were not significant among surgical groups. In the multivariate analysis, FIGO stage (stage II hazard ratio [HR] 6.61, p = 0.007; stage III HR 8.40, p = 0.002) was the only prognostic factor for DFS. FIGO stage (stage II HR 20.78, p = 0.0001; stage III HR 7.99, p = 0.017), histological type (mucinous HR 12.49, p = 0.036), and tumor grade (grade 3 HR 35.01, p = 0.003) were independent prognostic factors for OS, while women with latency >28 days from primary to staging surgery had significantly poorer OS (p = 0.008). Women with latency >28 days between primary surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy had similar DFS (p = 0.31) and a trend of poorer OS (p = 0.064).

Conclusions

The prognosis of unexpected ovarian cancer is independent from the primary surgical procedure and comprehensive staging surgery should be performed at close proximity after the diagnosis of unexpected ovarian malignancy.
Allotment gardens: Psychosocial benefits and conflictual community aspects
Authors: Sapin Arnaud , Bodenan Philippe , Lebeau Thierry , Fleury‐Bahi Ghozlane
Published: November 2022

In a context of re‐greening of urban spaces, it is crucial to examine the impact of green spaces on the population. In this qualitative study carried out in France (Nantes), 28 people with a plot in an allotment garden were questioned through semi‐directive interviews about the psychosocial impact of this type of space. Using thematic and lexicometric analyses, the different psychosocial benefits of these spaces are highlighted and put into perspective with the conflicts occurring there. The content analysis foregrounded the benefits of allotment garden regarding psychological well‐being, (notably through the feeling of flow), physical health, self‐development and social bonding. Nevertheless, these benefits are balanced by the different conflicts reported by the participants. By showing that positive and negative social aspects are significantly associated in the participants' discourse, the lexicometric analysis strengthened the idea that these elements must be considered jointly to better describe the reality of allotment gardens.
Ru/Zr(OH)4 as a Transfer Hydrogenation Catalyst under Additives‐Free Condition
Authors: Peng Yang , Huang Yang , Wang Ping , Jiang Haiwei , Len Christophe , Wang Yantao , Yang Weiran
Published: November 2022

Ru/Zr(OH)4 was developed as an effective transfer hydrogenation catalyst for a broad substrate scope, including nitro, alkene, and aldehyde/ketones groups without additives. XPS study and catalyst evaluation indicated that Ru0 was the main active catalytic species during the reaction. FT‐IR and CO2‐TPD analysis showed that Zr(OH)4 has abundant basic sites. The synergistic effect of Ru metal and basic sites of Zr(OH)4 support provides Ru/Zr(OH)4 with good catalytic activity without additional base addition. Ru−H− active species was detected by 1H solid‐state NMR, and the mechanism of nitrobenzene transfer hydrogenation was proposed. Ru/Zr(OH)4 catalyst was stable and can be reused for at least 5 cycles with only slight loss of activity and selectivity. This methodology provides an environmentally benign process for transfer hydrogenation under additives‐free conditions with the advantages of high activity, stability, and broad substrate scope.
Surplus energy utilization of spent lithium‐ion batteries for high‐profit organolithiums
Authors: Lu Jian , Zhao Yun , Kang Yuqiong , Li Chenglei , Liu Yawen , Wang Liguang , Du Hao , Fan Meicen , Zhou Yunan , Wozny John , Li Tao , Tavajohi Naser , Kang Feiyu , Li Baohua
Published: November 2022

It is challenging to efficiently and economically recycle many lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) because of the low valuation of commodity metals and materials, such as LiFePO4. There are millions of tons of spent LIBs where the barrier to recycling is economical, and to make recycling more feasible, it is required that the value of the processed recycled material exceeds the value of raw commodity materials. The presented research illustrates improved profitability and economics for recycling spent LIBs by utilizing the surplus energy in lithiated graphite to drive the preparation of organolithiums to add value to the recycled lithium materials. This study methodology demonstrates that the surplus energy of lithiated graphite obtained from spent LIBs can be utilized to prepare high‐value organolithiums, thereby significantly improving the economic profitability of LIB recycling. Organolithiums (R–O–Li and R–Li) were prepared using alkyl alcohol (R–OH) and alkyl bromide (R–Br) as substrates, where R includes varying hindered alkyl hydrocarbons. The organolithiums extracted from per kilogram of recycled LIBs can increase the economic value between $29.5 and $226.5 kg−1 cell. The value of the organolithiums is at least 5.4 times the total theoretical value of spent materials, improving the profitability of recycling LIBs over traditional pyrometallurgical ($0.86 kg−1 cell), hydrometallurgical ($1.00 kg−1 cell), and physical direct recycling methods ($5.40 kg−1 cell).
Erythrose and Threose: Carbonyl Migrations, Epimerizations, Aldol, and Oxidative Fragmentation Reactions under Plausible Prebiotic Conditions
Authors: Yi Ruiqin , Kern Ryan , Pollet Pamela , Lin Huacan , Krishnamurthy Ramanarayanan , Liotta Charles L.
Published: November 2022

The prebiotic generation of sugars in the context of origins of life studies is of considerable interest. Among the important intramolecular processes of sugars are carbonyl migrations and accompanying epimerizations. Herein we describe the carbonyl migration‐epimerization process occurring down the entire carbon chain of chirally pure d‐tetroses sugars under mild conditions. Employing chirally pure 1‐13C‐erythrose, 4‐13C‐erythrose and 1‐13C‐threose, we (1) identify all the species formed as the carbonyl migrates down the four‐carbon chain and (2) assess the rates associated with the production of each of these species. Competing aldol reactions and oxidative fragmentation processes were also observed. Further observations of self‐condensation of glycolaldehyde mainly yielding 2‐keto‐hexoses (sorbose and tagatose) and tetrulose also provides a basis for understanding the effect of carbonyl migrations on the product distribution in plausible prebiotic scenarios.
Advanced Stretchable Photodetectors: Strategies, Materials and Devices
Authors: Bai Xinyao , Gao Wanxiao , Cai Yunpeng , Bai Zhenxu , Qi Yaoyao , Yan Bingzheng , Wang Yulei , Lu Zhiwei , Ding Jie
Published: November 2022

Past decades have witnessed the generation of new stretchable photodetectors in electronic eyes, health sensing, wearable devices, intelligent monitoring and other fields. Stretchable devices require not only outstanding performance but also excellent flexibility, adaptability and stability. Innovative strategies have been proposed to realize the stretchability of devices. In addition, novel functional materials including zero‐dimensional nanomaterials, one‐dimensional inorganic nanomaterials, two‐dimensional layered materials, organic materials, and organic‐inorganic composite materials with excellent properties are emerging to continuously improve the performance of devices. Here, the recent research progress of stretchable photodetectors in terms of both various design methods and functional materials is outlined. The optical performance and stretchable properties are also comprehensively reviewed. Finally, a summary and the challenges associated with the application of stretchable photodetectors are presented.
Rapid Screening of Kinetic Models for Methane Total Oxidation using an Automated Gas Phase Catalytic Microreactor Platform
Authors: Bawa Solomon Gajere , Pankajakshan Arun , Waldron Conor , Cao Enhong , Galvanin Federico , Gavriilidis Asterios
Published: November 2022

An automated flow micropacked bed catalytic reactor platform was developed to conduct pre‐planned experiments for rapid screening of kinetic models. The microreactor was fabricated using photolithography and deep reactive ion etching of a silicon wafer, with a reaction channel width and depth of 2 mm and 420 μm respectively. It was packed with ca. 10 mg of 5 wt. % Pd/Al2O3 catalyst to perform methane combustion, which was the selected reaction to test the developed platform. The experimental system was monitored and controlled by LabVIEW to which Python scripts for online design of experiments and data analysis were integrated. Within each experimental campaign, the platform automatically adjusted the experimental conditions, and the analysis of the product stream was conducted by online gas chromatography. The experimental platform demonstrated the capability of identifying the most probable kinetic models amidst potential models within two days.
Associations of device‐measured physical activity and sedentary time with quality of life and fatigue in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients: Baseline results from the AMBER cohort study
Authors: Vallance Jeff K. , Friedenreich Christine M. , Wang Qinggang , Matthews Charles E. , Yang Lin , McNeely Margaret L. , Culos‐Reed S. Nicole , Bell Gordon J. , Morielli Andria R. , McNeil Jessica , Dickau Leanne , Cook Diane , Courneya Kerry S.
Published: November 2022

Background

This study examined associations of device‐measured physical activity and sedentary time with quality of life (QOL) and fatigue in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients in the Alberta Moving Beyond Breast Cancer (AMBER) cohort study.

Methods

After diagnosis, 1409 participants completed the SF‐36 version 2 and the Fatigue Scale, wore an ActiGraph device on their right hip to measure physical activity, and an activPAL device on their thigh to measure sedentary time (sitting/lying) and steps. ActiGraph data was analyzed using a hybrid machine learning method (R Sojourn package, Soj3x) and activPAL data were analyzed using activPAL algorithms (PAL Software version 8). Quantile regression was used to examine cross‐sectional associations of QOL and fatigue with steps, physical activity, and sedentary hours at the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles of the QOL and fatigue distributions.

Results

Total daily moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) hours was positively associated with better physical QOL at the 25th (β = 2.14, p = <.001), 50th (β = 1.98, p = <.001), and 75th percentiles (β = 1.25, p = .003); better mental QOL at the 25th (β = 1.73, p = .05) and 50th percentiles (β = 1.07, p = .03); and less fatigue at the 25th (β = 4.44, p < .001), 50th (β = 3.08, p = <.001), and 75th percentiles (β = 1.51, p = <.001). Similar patterns of associations were observed for daily steps. Total sedentary hours was associated with worse fatigue at the 25th (β = −0.58, p = .05), 50th (β = −0.39, p = .06), and 75th percentiles (β = −0.24, p = .02). Sedentary hours were not associated with physical or mental QOL.

Conclusions

MVPA and steps were associated with better physical and mental QOL and less fatigue in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Higher sedentary time was associated with greater fatigue symptoms.
Fe−NiS Nanorod Encapsulated in Ce‐doped NiOx Shell for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Yuhua , Wang Guanmei , Li Na , Ke Di , Wang Jun
Published: November 2022

Rare earth (RE) elements are promising to improve the property of catalysts due to their distinctive 4 f electron orbital. Herein, a heterogeneous material of Fe−NiS nanorods encapsulated in Ce‐doped NiOx with 3D core‐shell structure (Fe−NiS@NiCeOx) was constructed on carbon cloth (CC) through a straightforward solvothermal reaction and a subsequent electrodeposition for enhancing the electrocatalytic performance towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline medium. The strategy facilitates a synergy among the components, including an enlarged electrochemical active area of Fe−NiS by the involvement of Fe and an ameliorated durability of Fe−NiS nanorod by encapsulated in NiCeOx shell. Furthermore, a flexible valence alternation between Ce (III) and Ce (IV) speeds up the charges transfer between Ni(II) and Ni(III). In 1.0 mol L−1 KOH, the Fe−NiS@NiCeOx/CC electrode shows the lowest overpotential of 230 mV to achieve the current density of 50 mA cm−2, the smallest Tafel slope of 63 mV dec−1 and a superior durability with only a potential fluctuation of 0.01 V on a chronopotentiometry curve within 24 h. Further research suggests that Fe−NiS@NiCeOx/CC exhibits the best performance of the three as‐fabricated Fe−NiS@NiREOx/CC (RE=Ce, La, Pr) catalysts.
Single‐linkage clustering of dynamic data
Authors: Mongandampulath Akathoott Anju , Nasre Rupesh
Published: November 2022

The surge in data sizes in fluid processing applications necessitates partitioning the data into clusters and studying their representatives instead of studying each voxel data point. In addition, the dynamic nature of these data poses further challenges. Under such circumstances, it becomes essential to develop an approach that can handle the delta data with minimal updates to the underlying data structure, without processing the complete data from scratch on every update. However, this poses synchronization challenges in parallelization. In this article, we propose SLCoDD (single‐linkage clustering of dynamic data), a geometric distance based dynamic clustering and its multi‐core parallelization using OpenMP. To improve efficiency, SLCoDD exploits geometric properties of the bounding squares. We illustrate trade‐offs in various ways of performing point additions to clusters, point deletions, and their batched versions. Using a suite of large inputs, we demonstrate the effectiveness of SLCoDD. SLCoDD's fully dynamic version achieves a substantial geomean speedup of over the static parallel version and of over the dynamic sequential version.
Generative adversarial network for sentiment‐based stock prediction
Authors: Asgarian Sepehr , Ghasemi Rouzbeh , Momtazi Saeedeh
Published: November 2022

Financial markets received more attention due to technological advancements, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI). In addition to the price index, traders and investors constantly monitor stock news on social media. Therefore, predicting the market by analyzing public opinions is an important issue. In this research, we propose three models based on Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), namely Price‐GAN, Price‐Sentiment‐GAN, and Price‐Sentiment‐WGAN. The first model uses only optimized price features, and the two other models use sentiment features collected from social media as well as optimized price features. All the proposed GAN models include Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) as generators and Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) as discriminators. To evaluate the proposed models, two different social media datasets in English and Persian are used. Our proposed models predict the close stock price for 15 English and 5 Persian stocks. All of the proposed GAN models outperform the state‐of‐the‐art models by enhancing the performance of the English dataset by 2.44% and the Persian dataset by 12.11%.
Bio‐inspired optimization to support the test data generation of concurrent software
Authors: Ferreira Vilela Ricardo , Choma Neto João , Santiago Costa Pinto Victor Hugo , Lopes de Souza Paulo Sérgio , do Rocio Senger de Souza Simone
Published: November 2022

Concurrent programming is increasingly present in modern applications. Although it provides higher performance and better use of available resources, the mechanisms of interaction between processes/threads result in a greater challenge for software testing activity. The nondeterminism present in those applications is one of the main issues during the test activity since the same test input can produce different possible execution paths, which may or not contain defects. The test data automatic generation can alleviate this problem, ensuring higher speed and reliability in software testing activity. This paper explores the automatic test data generation for concurrent programs through Genetic Algorithm, a bioinspired optimization technique, and proposes a test data generation approach for concurrent programs, called BioConcST, and a new operator for the selection of test subjects, called FuzzyST, which uses fuzzy logic. The approaches were evaluated in an experimental study towards their validation. The results showed that BioConcST is more promising than the other approaches at all analyzed levels. FuzzyST, together with Elitism and Tournament operators, provided the best results; however, it proved more suitable for concurrent programs of higher complexity.
Immediate implant positioning using tooth‐derived bone substitute material for alveolar ridge preservation: Preliminary results at 6 months
Authors: Taschieri Silvio , Morandi Benedetta , Alberti Alice , Tarasenko Svetlana , Diachkova Ekaterina , Francetti Luca , Corbella Stefano
Published: November 2022

Objectives

In the present study we evaluated the effectiveness of the use of a novel autologous bone substitute derived directly from processing the extracted tooth in the upper premolar area to preserve a suitable esthetic score and functionality.

Material and Methods

Fourteen bone‐level implants with platform switching were inserted in 12 patients immediately after atraumatic extraction of premolars for restorative or endodontic reasons. The implant buccal bone gap was filled using autologous tooth extracted‐derived material. Clinical and radiographic parameters, including Pink Esthetic Score (PES) were evaluated at 6 months.

Results

A total of 10 patients accounting for 11 implants were included. PES showed a suitable esthetic result, and all the implant‐prosthetic rehabilitation reported full satisfaction for masticatory function, phonetics, and aesthetics. Bone levels were stable and not affected by implant location, lesion type, or bone quality.

Conclusion

Radiographically the autologous bone substitute used appears stable in the surgical site and there is good continuity between the autologous bone and the graft. No adverse effects such as periodontal inflammation, infection, or graft rejection was reported.
Human phase‐I metabolism and prevalence of two synthetic cannabinoids bearing an ethyl ester moiety: 5F‐EDMB‐PICA and EDMB‐PINACA
Authors: Giorgetti Arianna , Brunetti Pietro , Haschimi Belal , Busardò Francesco Paolo , Pelotti Susi , Auwärter Volker
Published: November 2022

Around 2017, with the appearance of 5F‐EDMB‐PINACA, synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) carrying an ethyl ester moiety at the linked group started spreading on the market of new psychoactive substances (NPS). In 2020 and 2021, the indole analog of 5F‐EDMB‐PINACA (5F‐EDMB‐PICA) and the non‐fluorinated analog of this compound (EDMB‐PINACA) were analytically characterized. Here, we present suitable urinary markers to prove the consumption of these two ethyl analogs. Ten authentic urine samples for each compound were analyzed by liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC‐qToF‐MS). Anticipated phase‐I metabolites detected in urine samples were confirmed in vitro by applying a pooled human liver microsomes (pHLM) assay. Prevalence data were obtained from urines collected for abstinence control and submitted to a screening method for SC metabolites. Ten phase‐I metabolites of 5F‐EDMB‐PICA and 18 of EDMB‐PINACA were detected by LC‐qToF‐MS analysis of authentic urine specimens. The main in‐vivo metabolites were built by ester hydrolysis, often coupled to further metabolic processes. Investigation of phase‐I biotransformation led to the identification of ester hydrolysis, monohydroxylation, and defluorination products as the most suitable urinary biomarkers for 5F‐EDMB‐PICA. Metabolites formed by ester hydrolysis coupled to ketone formation and by monohydroxylation are suggested for the detection of EDMB‐PINACA. From October 1, 2020 to February 1, 2022, among positive urine samples, 5.4% and 10.1% tested positive 5F‐EDMB‐PICA and EDMB‐PINACA, respectively. Due to common metabolites shared among structurally related SCs, the unequivocal detection of their consumption remains challenging for forensic laboratories and requires sensitive methods to monitor multiple metabolites, ideally including highly specific species.