bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the development and contemporary state of apricot culture in the world and Russian Federation
Authors: Korzin V. V.
Published: December 2019

The article discusses the current state of the genetic resources of the apricot specy and the prospects for its cultivation in the world and the Russian Federation. Data from various literary sources and Internet resources dedicated to this issue were collected and analyzed. The article analyzed the development of culture from 1991 to 2017. Gross fruit harvest, yield and cultivation areas in 68 countries of the world are displayed. There has been marked a growing demand for this crop and, as a result, the expansion of the area of cultivation and gross fruit harvesting has almost doubled since the end of the last century. An increase in production effi ciency due to the introduction of new varieties more adapted to cultivation conditions and the use of innovative technologies was noted. Apricot plantings, according to 2017 data, occupy 560 thousand ha. The main production is concentrated in Asia (54 %) and European countries (27 %). The market leaders are 10 countries: Turkey, Iran, Uzbekistan, Italy, Pakistan, Spain, France, Algeria, Japan and Morocco. They accounted for 2.02 million tons, or about 50 % of the total world gross fruit harvest of this crop. The area of apricot plantations here is from 11 to 125 thousand ha. In Russia, the main landings are concentrated in the south of the country. They occupy about 10 thousand hectares. About 60 thousand tons of products are collected here annually. It is noted that from 1992 to 2017 the apricot yield has doubled, but still inferior to the level of Western countries. The average yield in the country is 5.36 t / ha. This yield parameter is at the level of Pakistan, Algeria and Japan. In Italy, Uzbekistan, France, and others, about 10 tons of fruits are obtained from 1 ha. Based on the analysis, a conclusion was made about the possibility of increasing the gross yield and productivity with a further increase in the level of intensifi cation of production.
The role of digital technologies in the management of production and technological processes in fruit growing (protection of fruit plantations and yield) on the example of the Krasnodar Region
Authors: Egorov E. A. , Shadrina Zh. A. , Kochyan G. A. , Podgornaya M. E. , Vasilchenko A. V.
Published: December 2019

The role of digital technologies in the management of production and technological processes in fruit growing on the example of the protection of fruit plantations and yield is revealed. On the example of the Krasnodar Region, basic elements of a process control model for protecting fruit planting from a specifi c disease or pest are proposed for the elaboration of digital technologies: a theoretical basis that reveals the organizational and functional structure of the control of protection processes; structural analysis of components of the protection process control model and optimization of the parameters of plant protection systems to ensure high biological and technological-economic effi ciency; design algorithm for the protection process management model, development of methods and cost optimization for protective measures according to the criteria of biological and environmental and economic effi ciency. The algorithm of the organizational structure of the management methodology, which is the basis for the development of digital technologies for managing production processes in commercial fruit growing is presented, the functional content of the stages of the algorithm is considered. An algorithm is proposed for the development of digital technology for process control, including: the formation of multifunctional databases and data banks, as well as an empirical database and geocoded data collection; diagnosis of diseases and pests; development of plant protection systems; selection of the optimal protection system; development of regulations for the use of chemical and biological agents; assessment of the biological and environmental and economic eff ectiveness of plant protection systems and yield; substantiation of the optimal parameters of the plant protection system and the yield. A predictive assessment of the eff ectiveness of the use of digital technologies in managing the protection of fruit plantations against diseases and pests is given: a comprehensive digitalization of the plantation protection processes, according to empirical data obtained through the use of individual digital technology elements in agricultural organizations of the Krasnodar Region, North Caucasian Federal Scientifi c Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making, data of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia. This will allow reducing labor costs by collection, processing of information to justify the optimal solution on the application of system for protecting plantings and yield from pests and diseases, on average, 2 times as compared with traditional systems, comprehensive accounting of all factors that infl uence or determine the state of the system, 2 times higher labor productivity, cost savings on protective measures by 23 % on average, increased production effi ciency and the competitiveness of fruit products.
Святий-“єретик” Григорій Палама про внутрішнє буття пресвятої трійці
Authors: Zhukovskyy Viktor
Published: December 2019

W niniejszym artykule autor analizuje nauczanie św. Grzegorza Palamasa, znanego bizantyńskiego teologa, hezychasty i przywódcy duchowego Kościoła XIV wieku. Autor omawia problem wewnątrztrynitarnego bytu Boga w nauczaniu Palamasa i analizuje atrybuty kluczowe tego „ukrytego” wymiaru Trójcy Świętej. Szczególną uwagę zwraca na prezentację podejścia apofatycznego w odpowiedzi na pytanie: w jaki sposób Bóg, który jest aktywnie obecny w świecie stworzonym i napełnia go, może jednocześnie być całkowicie oddalony od świata stworzone­go pod względem ontologicznym? W tym kontekście autor analizuje kluczowe pojęcia, które wyrażają wewnątrztrynitarną transcendencję Bożego bytu: istota, substancja, wewnątrztrynitarna relacja, teologia, ekonomia zbawienia.
Czwarta Księga Machabejska tłem Mowy XV św. Grzegorza z Nazjanzu
Authors: Baran Grzegorz M.
Published: December 2019

Based on a comparative analysis of 4Mac and Oratio XV, it can be noted that St. Gregory – when composing the speech in honor of the martyrs – used mostly apocryphal work depicting history of the martyrdom of Eleazar as well as of the seven brothers and their mother rather than the canonical 2Mac. This is evidenced by quite clear convergence of both works: their authors use the same vocabulary to characterize their heroes and describe the instruments of torture; they employ the same agonist-military metaphors; they include the motive of martyrs’ death as a sacrifice purifying the Jewish people etc. The fact that St. Gregory used 4Mac in composing Oratio XV can evidence quite high popularity and reputation that 4Mac enjoyed among Christians of Cappadocia in his time (i.e. in 4th century).
Księga proroka Zachariasza w egzegezie Dydyma Aleksandryjskiego i św. Hieronima
Authors: Czyżewski Bogdan
Published: December 2019

The subject of analysis are two biblical commentaries to the Book of the pro­phet Zechariah. First commentary is written by Didymus of Alexandria. The se­cond is the fruit of saint Jerome’s thought, prince of exegetes. Analysis of these two comments leads us to the conclusion of a very high resemblance of these works. Numerous fragments of a saint Jerome’s comment are convergent with those writ­ten by Didymus or are complementary to his interpretation. We get the impression, that Didymus determines the way, after which Jerome goes. Honestly speaking, despite some borrowings from Didymus, Jerome maintains a certain independence even in appreciation of literal interpretation of Scripture. Moreover, in many places he uses philological explanations or just supplements Didymus. We cannot forget, that Jerome asked Dydimus to write this commentary to the Zechariah prophet, and probably that’s why he allowed himself to use it, as he wished to.
Metoda wykresograficzna (wykresografia) w służbie teologii
Authors: Drączkowski Franciszek
Published: December 2019

Diagramography – is a way of presenting the truths of faith using parallel frames, i.e. verbal and graphical frames. This method helps theology in overco­ming difficulties associated with limitations of verbal communication (obscurity of language, doctrinal segmentation, changeability of verbal conceptualization). The fixed geometric structure of graphical representation makes it easy to correct 34 errors, including theological trichotomy. Diagramography portrays a global vi­sion of theology in the Christocentric perspective. The “Christus totus” diagram, which depicts unity and multifaceted aspects (trinitarian, Christocentric, pneuma­tological and ecclesiastical), plays a key role.
Логоси у вченні св. Максима Ісповідника як епістемологічні принципи стосунку Бога з людиною і світом
Authors: Hupalo Mariia
Published: December 2019

Poznanie Boga і mistyczne zjednoczenie z Nim jest ściśle związane z kon­cepcją Bożej transcendencji i imanencji, Jego doskonałej skrytości, niepozna­walności i jednoczesnej otwartości dla naszego uczestnictwa w Nim, łaski i eko­nomicznego wyjścia na zewnątrz – do stworzenia. Ich tajemnicza jedność jest rdzeniem doktryny o logoi u św. Maksyma Wyznawcy. Niniejszy artykuł zwraca uwagę na funkcjonowanie zasad stworzenia i uczestnictwa stworzenia w Bogu. Są to zasady epistemologiczne, przez które człowiek może kontemplować Boga w stworzeniach, a potem przejść do bezpośredniej kontemplacji і ubóstwiającego uczestnictwa. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na pogląd, że logoi są działalnością Bożej esencji w kierunku stworzonej odmienności, ad extra. Działalność Boga udziela istnienia, sensu i tożsamości istotom stworzonym, dlatego człowiek nie tylko może w niej uczestniczyć, ale i poznawać przez kontemplację natury.
La reception du Livre d’Amos par les peres. Proposition Methodologique
Authors: Charpin-Ploix Marie Lucie
Published: December 2019

Artykuł dotyczy recepcji księgi proroka Amosa u pisarzy chrześcijańskich jak Justyn, Ireneusz, Orygenes i Bazyli. Gdy chodzi o pierwszych trzech Autorka po­sługuje się metodą przytaczania i analizy cytatów z księgi Amosa, które znajdują się w dziełach tychże teologów. W takim przypadku wystarczy posłużyć się in­deksem biblijnym, aby tego rodzaju cytaty odnaleźć. Jednakże Autorka stwierdza, że samo przytaczanie cytatów może okazać się niewystarczające, gdyż w niektó­rych pismach patrystycznych są aluzje do poszczególnych ksiąg biblijnych, nawet gdy nie ma wprost cytatów. Takie właśnie aluzje były zasygnalizowane w homi­liach Bazylego Wielkiego: Homilia in illud: Destruam horrea mea (Luc 12, 18) oraz Homilia dicta tempore famis et siccitatis. Aluzje do proroka Amosa polegają na podobieństwie w sposobie omawiania poszczególnych zagadnień.
L’opération propre de l’Esprit Saint d’après Didyme l’Aveugle
Authors: Grzywaczewski Joseph
Published: December 2019

Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy własnego działania Ducha Świętego, będącego w jedności z Ojcem i Synem. Dydym z Aleksandrii wykazuje na podstawie Pisma Świętego, że Duch Święty dawał natchnienie prorokom Starego Testamentu, na­wet, jeśli oni nie wiedzieli o Jego istnieniu jako indywidualnej istoty. Duch Święty udziela światła do lepszego zrozumienia Słowa Bożego, w tym sensie dopełnia On dzieła Chrystusa. Tych, którzy są odpowiednio przygotowani wewnętrznie Duch Święty wprowadza w tajemnicę Trójcy Świętej. Daje On także moc w trud­nych sytuacjach, jak to widzimy na przykładzie św. Szczepana, który posiadał dar mądrości w dyskusji z przeciwnikami oraz męstwo w złożeniu świadectwa wiary poprzez śmierć męczeńską.
Non-stationary vortex streets in shear flows
Authors: Кalashnik М. V. , Chkhetiani О. G.
Published: December 2019

Spatially periodic vortex systems that form due to unstable shear flows are called vortex streets. A number of exact and asymptotic solutions of two-dimensional hydrodynamic equations describing nonstationary vortex streets have been constructed. It is shown that the superposition of the flow with a constant horizontal shear and its perturbations in the form of a nonmodal wave provides an exact solution that describes a nonstationary vortex street with rotating elliptic current lines. The width of the zone occupied by such a vortex street has been determined. The equation of separatrix separating vortex cells with closed current lines from an external meandering flow has been obtained. The influence of the quasi-two-dimensional compressibility and beta effect on the dynamics of vortex streets has been studied based on the potential vorticity transport equation. The solutions describing the formation of vortex streets during the development of an unstable zonal periodic flow and a free shear layer have been constructed using a longwave approximation.
Variation of carboneceous atmospheric aerosol near Saint Petersburg
Authors: Vlasenko S. S. , Volkova K. A. , Ionov D. V. , Ryshkevich T. I. , Ivanova O. A. , Mikhailov E. F.
Published: December 2019

The results of 5-year (20132017) measurements of organic (OC) and elemental (EC) carbon aerosol fractions observed at the atmospheric monitoring station near St. Petersburg (Petergof, 59.88 N, 29.83 E) are presented. It is shown that the site of observations is under the influence of local pollution sources most of the time (~74%). The median values of carbonaceous aerosol in polluted conditions are 0.46 g/m3 for ЕС and 2.62 g/m3 for ОС. On average, the maximum excess of the EC background level is achieved in winter (2.4 times in January). The analysis of the ratio between the OC and the EC in the total carbon indicates the predominantly anthropogenic origin of the aerosol under study. In comparison with the data of similar measurements in Central Siberia, the background summer concentrations of carbonaceous aerosol in Peterhof are significantly lower. Some episodes of increased concentrations of OC and EC are attributed to the intensive accumulation of air pollution coming from the nearby megalopolis.
On the mechanism of a positive feedback in long-term variations of the convergence of oceanic and atmospheric heat fluxes, and the ice cover in the Barents sea
Authors: Kalavichchi K. A. , Bashmachnikov I. L.
Published: December 2019

This paper presents a study the interannual variability of the convergence oceanic and atmospheric advective heat fluxes in the Barents Sea region for 19932014, using combined in situ, satellite and numerical model-based oceanic and atmospheric data-sets: ARMOR-3D and ERA-Interim. On inter-decadal scales, the leading role of convergence of the oceanic heat flux, and on interannual scale of atmospheric heat flux are demonstrated to play the leading role in variations of the sea-ice area of the Barents Sea. The inter-decadal and the interannual variations of the oceanic heat flux are found to be mainly shaped by variations of the current velocity. In the long-term tendencies the current velocity is responsible for about 70% of the increase in the oceanic heat flux, mainly due to a higher transport in the North Cape Current. Variations in transport of the North Cape current and of the Return current are governed by variations in the meridional gradients of the zonal wind speed, in turn, caused by the stronger oceanic heat transport into the Barents sea and by the consequent melting of the sea-ice. The in situ observations supports the effectiveness of the previously suggested positive feedback between variations in the oceanic heat flux into the Barents Sea, and changes of the sea-ice area and of the atmospheric circulation in the Barents Sea region on the decadal time scales.
Vertical transport of momentum by internal waves in a shift current
Authors: Slepyshev A. A. , Laktionova N. V.
Published: December 2019

In Boussinesq approximation free internal waves are considered at the account of rotation of the Earth and a plane-parallel current, perpendicular to a direction to wave propagation. For homogeneous stratification and at constant shift of speed of a current the boundary-value problem for amplitude of vertical velocity analytically solved and the dispersive parity is defined. Vertical wave fluxes of momentum and two components of Stokes drift speed are defined. Stokes drift speed, cross-section to a direction a wave propagation, is distinct from zero in the presence of the specified shift current. Similar calculations are executed for two-layer model. The vertical wave flux of momentum can exceed a corresponding turbulent flux.
Unsteady chains of wave structures and anomalous transport of а passive scalar in a barotropic jet flow
Authors: Reutov V. P. , Rybushkina G. V.
Published: December 2019

The onset of anomalous transport of a passive scalar at the excitation of unsteady chains of wave structures with closed streamlines in a barotropic jet flow modeling zonal flows in the Earths atmosphere and ocean and in laboratory experiments is investigated. The analysis is performed within a dynamical model describing saturation of the barotropic instability in a plane-parallel channel flow with allowance for the beta-effect and external friction. The equations of a quasi-two-dimensional flow are solved numerically with the aid of a pseudospectral method. It is found that the generation of high modes in a jet with a two-hump velocity profile leads to accelerated transition to the complex dynamics, at which an increase in supercriticality first gives rise to а multiharmonic regime with a discrete spectrum. The exponents of the power dependence on the time of the averaged (over the ensemble) tracer particle displacement and its variance are computed for the basic generation regimes, which confirms the occurrence of anomalous diffusion of the scalar. A self-similar probability density function of tracer displacements is obtained and the dependence of the transition to complex dynamics on the number of vortices in the chain and on the strength of the beta-effect is elucidated. Numerical estimates are presented, which confirm the possibility of generation of unsteady vortex chains and the related anomalous transport of the scalar.barotropic flow; chains of wave structures; dynamical chaos; anomalous advection and diffusion
Results of Russian studies of the middle atmosphere (2015–2018)
Authors: Krivolutsky A. A. , Repnev A. I. , Mironova I. A. , Gruzdev A. N. , Tuniyants T. I.
Published: December 2019

An overview of the results of Russian studies of the average atmosphere in 20152018, prepared by the Commission on the average atmosphere of the Section of meteorology and atmospheric Sciences of the National geophysical Committee for the National report on meteorology and atmospheric Sciences to the XXVII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (Canada, 2019 ).
Research in dynamic meteorology in Russia in 2015–2018
Authors: Kurgansky M. V. , Krupchatnikov V. N.
Published: December 2019

This review outlines the most significant results of research in dynamic meteorology performed by Russian scientists in 20152018. It is part of the Russian National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences submitted to the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS). The review is supplemented by a list of main publications of Russian scientists on dynamic meteorology in 20152018.
Russian studies in the field of atmospheric chemistry in 2015–2018
Authors: Larin I. K.
Published: December 2019

A brief overview of the work of Russian scientists in the field of atmospheric chemistry in 20152018, including work on the chemistry of the troposphere, the chemistry of the ozone layer and on the role of chemistry in climate change is presented. Review has been prepared in the Commission on atmospheric chemistry of the meteorology and atmospheric sciences section of the national Geophysics Committee. The report was presented and approved at the XXVII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) 1.
Russian studies of atmospheric electricity in 2015–2018
Authors: Mareev E. A. , Stasenko V. N. , Shatalina M. V. , Dementyeva S. O. , Evtushenko A. A. , Svechnikova E. K. , Slyunyaev N. N.
Published: December 2019

This review contains the most significant results of Russian studies in the field of atmospheric electricity in 20152018. It is part of the Russian National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciencesto the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS). The report was presented and approved at the XXVII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) 1. The review is followed by a list of the main published works on the studies of atmospheric electricity of Russian scientists in 20152018.
Atmospheric correction algorithm for short-wave channels of the MSU-MR device of the Meteor-M no. 2 satellite
Authors: Kuchma M. O. , Bloshchinskiy V. D.
Published: December 2019

The problem of atmospheric correction for short-wave channels of a multispectral low-resolution scanning device installed on the Meteor-M No. 2 satellite is considered. To solve the problem the existing atmospheric correction algorithms are investigated. The developed atmospheric correction algorithm is based on the use of special Look-up Tables generated by the authors. Look-up Tables contain information about reflectance of the satellite device channels for various atmospheric conditions and observation geometry. The results of atmospheric correction for the first channel of the device were verified. Verification showed a high correlation with the reference reflectance, which is the data from the EUMETSAT portal Surface Albedo Validation Sites. An additional, verification of the present algorithm was also performed with the first channel data of the AVHRR device MetOp-A satellite. The correlation of the reference values and the results of atmospheric correction of both satellite devices are comparable.
Detecting lineament system anomalies during strong 6.4 and 7.1 earthquakes in Сalifornia from satellite imagery
Authors: Gaponova E. V. , Zverev A. T. , Tsidilina M. N.
Published: December 2019

Using remote sensing data, here we study lineament system changes during preparation and process of strong 7.1 and 6.4 earthquakes in California (USA) in July 2019. A series of satellite imagery collected between January 1 and August 12, 2019, as well as the data on the seismic situation in the region have been analyzed. Precursor changes of lineament systems were revealed in rose-diagrams of regional lineaments and in total length of local lineaments of various orientations. Sharp change of quantitative characteristics of lineament rose-diagrams appeared beginning from June 5, 2019, i. e. a month before the earthquakes occurred on July 4 and 5, 2019. It has been found that maximum length of lineaments of north-western (longitudinal) and north-eastern (latitudinal) courses was on June 30, 2019, i. e. several days before seismic events.
Seasonal variability and annual Laptev sea phytoplankton primary production using MODIS-aqua data
Authors: Demidov A. B. , Sheberstov S. V. , Gagarin V. I.
Published: December 2019

Studies of seasonal variability of Laptev Sea water column primary production and evaluation of its annual values were performed using MODIS-Aqua data (20022018). To reach that result regional-specific primary production and chlorophyll algorithms were used for the first time. Based on multiyear averaged daily primary production Northwestern and Southeastern regions were distinguished in the Laptev Sea. Seasonal variations in water column primary production in the Northwestern region were characterized by the maximum in June (245 mgC m‑2 d‑1). In the Southeastern region and for all Laptev Sea the maximum water column primary production values were denoted from May to July, 273282 mgC m‑2 d‑1 and 256281 mgC m‑2 d‑1, respectively. Daily primary production and annual values of total primary production in the Southeastern region were, respectively, 1.9 and 3 fold higher than in the Northwestern region. Multiyear averaged value of Laptev Sea water column primary production was equal to 125 mgC m‑2 d‑1 and total annual primary production was equal to 8  1012 gC.
Climate-related changes in the vegetation cover of the taiga and tundra of Western Siberia in 1982–2015 according to satellite observations
Authors: Zuev V. V. , Korotkova E. M. , Pavlinsky A. V.
Published: December 2019

The paper considers the results of the trend and correlation analysis of air temperature and vegetative index NDVI for the warm period for the territory of taiga and tundra of Western Siberia in 19822015. It was revealed that with significant ( = 0.05) positive air temperature trends in some months of the spring-summer period, both for the taiga zone and for the tundra zone, a significant increase in NDVI is observed. The trends of air temperature and NDVI for the taiga and tundra zones from April to October 19822015 have been calculated and the unevenness of their spatial distribution over the territory under consideration is shown. It is revealed that the development of vegetation in the warm period is largely determined by its development in the first month of the warm period May for taiga and June for tundra. It is shown that the NDVI value in May in the taiga zone is formed under the influence of April-May temperatures, and in June in the tundra zone under the influence of June temperatures; significant NDVI correlation coefficients with the average temperature of April-May and May-June are characteristic of practically the entire territory of the region, with the exception of the coastal northern regions in the first case and the south-western regions in the second.
Climate-forced changes of bio-productivity of Belorussian terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Lysenko S. A.
Published: December 2019

The spatial and temporal particularities of Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) changes over territory of Belarus in the current century and their relationship with climate change were investigated. The rise of NDVI is observed at approximately 84% of the Belarus area. The statistically significant growth of NDVI has exhibited at nearly 35% of the studied area (t-test at 95% confidence interval), which are mainly forests and undeveloped areas. Croplands vegetation index is largely descending. The main factor of croplands bio-productivity interannual variability is precipitation amount in vegetation period. This factor determines more than 60% of the croplands NDVI dispersion. The long-term changes of NDVI could be explained by combination of two factors: photosynthesis intensifying action of carbon dioxide and vegetation growth suppressing action of air warming with almost unchanged precipitation amount. If the observed climatic trend continues the croplands bio-productivity in many Belarus regions could be decreased at more than 20% in comparison with 2000 year. The impact of climate change on the bio-productivity of undeveloped lands is only slightly noticed on the background of its growth in conditions of rising level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Geological conditions of suffosion processes development and their acitivity at Sal-Don neotectonic upland (Rostov NPP area)
Authors: Makarova N. V. , Gusel’tsev A. S. , Sukhanova T. V. , Makeev V. M.
Published: December 2019

Suffusion processes and their influence on the stability of the Rostov NPP site are investigated. Geological, tectonic, geomorphological, hydrogeological conditions, as well as anthropogenic factors affect the development and intensification of suffusion. These conditions and factors include the following: predominance of Pliocene and Quaternary sands in the geological cross-section; the presence of clay aquiclude underlying sandy deposits; natural seasonal and human-induced fluctuations of the water level in the Tsimlyansk reservoir; as well as pumping of groundwater. The buried relief in the shape of a slope dissected by erosional gullies are also of great importance. These erosional depressions are probably channels, along which sand is removed to the Tsimlyansk water reservoir. It is suffusion that may be the reason of surface subsidence that causes deformation of ground basements and inclinations of some engineering structures at NPP. Recent tectonic conditions control the formation of active zones and fracturing in the mantle deposits favoring percolation of surface water. Suffusion amplified by tectonic and technogenic factors results in the subsidence of soil basement in some places at the NPP site, displacement of reference marks, and inclination of engineering structures.
Formation of frost boils in peat plateau of the Pur-Taz interfluve at the background of modern climate warming
Authors: Koroleva E. S. , Tikhonravova Ya. V. , Mel’nikov V. P. , Slagoda E. A. , Babkina E. A. , Butakov V. I.
Published: December 2019

In 2016-2017, we have detected numerous organic frost boils on the surface of khasyrey peat plateau in the southern tundra part of Pur-Taz interfluve (the north of West Siberia). They are related to the microrelief depressions in polygons and to the swales between tussocks. Cross-sections, cryogenic structure, properties of peat in active layer (moisture, density, heaving, chemical composition) and peat distribution within the khasyreys were studied. In the active layer, we distinguished soil and vegetation cover, upper and middle solid layers of weakly decomposed peat, lower layer of a well decomposed peat. Under the microrelief depressions, the top of permafrost is lowered, thickness and moisture of decomposed peat is increased due to the recent thawing in comparison to the elevated parts of polygons. In the cross-sections of seasonally thawing peat, we determined injections of organic matter from the lower layer of peat to the surface. We propose the mechanism of organic frost boils formation in peat plateau due to the injections during the summer seasons of 2016-2018 against the increase of a thaw depth without freezing. During the observation period, the amount of frost boils on polygonal peat plateau was found to increase.
Assessment of anthropogenic contamination in an urban territory by the example of Blagoveshchensk city
Authors: Radomskaya V. I. , Borodina N. A.
Published: December 2019

The distribution of heavy metals (HM) was analyzed in soils of Blagoveshchensk. The main physicochemical features (pH, the content of organic substance, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, the exchangeable cations of calcium and magnesium, as well as the total content of Cu, Cr, Ni, Co, Pb, Mn, Cd, Zn) were studied in soil samples. The anthropogenic influence on the urban environment transforms the physicochemical properties of soils: alkalizes the soil cover, increases the organic matter content, exchangeable bases, and mobile forms of biogenic elements. The total content of studied HM in the soils of Blagoveshchensk exceeds their concentrations in soils of the Mukhinka background territory and shows the spatial heterogeneity of pollutants distribution in the upper soil layer. As proceeds from the comparison of the studied elements concentrations with their MPC/APC, the most polluted territories are confined to industrial zones. Four elements, i.e., Mn, Pb, Cd and Zn, are accumulated in urban soils. However, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr accumulation is not so important. The calculation results of total contamination index in the upper soil cover layer in Blagoveshchensk taking into account the HM toxicity coefficient prove that Blagoveshchensk soils are mainly classified as moderately hazardous and nonhazardous.

The evidence on the total content of HM do not allow making conclusion about their geochemical behavior in soils and about possible transition to neighbor environment. That is why the most mobile and easily mobilized forms of heavy metals, i.e., water-soluble and specifically adsorbed forms, were extracted using the method of successive extractions. The mobility of metals was established to be higher in the urban soils as compared to the background soils. Among the studied elements, Cd, Pb and Zn proved to be the most hazardous, with their mobility being close to the average risk of being included in the nutrition chains. This may lead to the contamination of Amur cross-boundary river ecosystems with heavy metals in case the groundwater level rises in the Blagoveshchensk territory due to its waterlogging by the Zeya River water.
Evaluation of aerial technogenic pollution near industrial enterprises in the tundra zone (by the example of Vorkuta city)
Authors: Vasilevich M. I. , Vasilevich R. S. , Gabov D. N. , Kondratenok B. M.
Published: December 2019

The quantitative chemical analysis of snow cover has been carried out for the Vorkuta agglomeration territory. The on-site ingress of pollutants in close proximity to industrial enterprises in Vorkuta is calculated. The schematic maps of substance distribution in snow in the studied area are built using space images. The control levels of aerotechnogenic pollution are established for the city, industrial zones and adjacent territories for the purpose of subsequent ecological monitoring. The pH value of snowmelt water reaches 6.5-7.2 due to a high content of alkaline components (calcium and magnesium carbonates) in snow. The snow cover of the Vorkuta agglomeration is highly enriched with heavy metals. The maximum permissible concentrations are exceeded for manganese, nickel, aluminum, vanadium, molybdenum and mercury. High concentrations of mercury in snow are supposedly related to coal combustion at the thermal power plant. After that mercury may be occluded on a surface of coal particles and ashes. It is shown that it is possible to establish the zones of the greatest aerogenic impact according to the content of mercury and vanadium in the snow. Factor analysis was used to identify the mechanisms of pollutants and factors forming the chemical composition of the snow cover. The share of elements in the suspended solids is more than 60% of their total content in snowmelt water. High concentrations of suspended particles (up to 720 mg/dm3) were observed in the snow of Vorkuta. The most severe pollution of the snow cover is registered in close proximity to thermal power plant №2. According to the calculations of the total pollution index, the highest excess of substance increment over the background level was noted in the sanitary protection zone around the thermal power plant №2.
SERANGGA HAMA TERKINI YANG MENYERANG TANAMAN SENGON (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Berneby & J.W Grimes) DAN JABON (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser)
Authors: Anggraeni Illa , Lelana Neo Endra , Ismanto Agus
Published: December 2019

The Latest Insect Pests which Attacks Sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Berneby & J.W Grimes) and Jabon Trees (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser)The current study of pest insect infestation on sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Berneby & J.W Grimes)) and jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser) plants has been carried out. The aimed of the study was to identify the latest status of the pests that infested sengon and Jabon plants. The research method used were field survey and observation in the laboratory. The survey was carried out in plantations owned by the Unit II Perhutani Unit in East Java as well as the small scale forests in the Kediri (East Java), Ciamis and Garut (West Java) areas. While observations in the laboratory were conducted at the Pest Laboratory of the Center for Forest Research and Development, Bogor. The results showed that pests that infested sengon and Jabon plants were unknown name of sengon shoot borer, Echinothrips sp. (Tripidae; Thysanoptera), horn beetle Oryctes rhinoceros (Scarabaeidae; Coleoptera), wild silkworm Attacus atlas (Saturniidae; Lepidoptera), leaf-sucking pests Lawana sp./Samurus sp. (Flatidae; Homoptera).Keywords: pest insect, sengon plant, jabon plant, the latest.ABSTRAKPenelitian tentang serangga hama terkini yang menyerang tanaman sengon (Falcataria moluccana) dan jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) di hutan tanaman, bertujuan untuk menginventarisir jenis-jenis hama yang menyerang tanaman sengon dan jabon saat kini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei dan pengamatan di laboratorium. Survei dilakukan di hutan tanaman milik Perum Perhutani maupun hutan milik rakyat di daerah Kediri, Ciamis dan Garut. Pengamatan di laboratorium dilakukan di Laboratorium Hama Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hutan, Bogor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hama yang menyerang tanaman sengon dan jabon adalah hama penggerek pucuk sengon (Pyralidae; Lepidoptera),hama Echinothrips sp. (Tripidae; Thysanoptera), kumbang tanduk Oryctes rhinoceros (Scarabaeidae; Coleoptera), ulat sutera liarAttacus atlas(Saturniidae; Lepidoptera), hama pengisap daun Lawana sp./Sanurus sp. (Flatidae; Homoptera).Kata kunci: serangga hama, tanaman sengon, tanaman jabon
FITOREMEDIASI TANAH TERCEMAR LOGAM BERAT Cd DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TANAMAN HANJUANG (Cordyline fruticosa)
Authors: Sari Novie Eka Permata , Nurlela Nurlela , Wardoyo Supriyono Eko
Published: December 2019

Phytoremediationn of Cadmium (Cd) Contaminated Soil using Hanjuang Plants (Cordyline fruticosa)Phytoremediation of Cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil using ornamental plants is one method that applicable and environmental friendly in the process absorption of metal in the soil. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of phytoremediation and the potential of hanjuang plants as phytoremediation agents for cadmium metals. Hanjuang plants are planted on soil media which is previously added to heavy media as pollutants, namely Cd(NO3)2 with a concentration of 0; 50; 100; 150 mg/Kg for 42 days. Measurement of Cd concentration uses Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry instrument. The results showed that hanjuang plants could accumulate cadmium metals in the roots. The highest accumulation is found in the roots of plants at 150 mg/Kg concentration and the result is 36.2167 mg/Kg, whereas in the stems and leaves of plants is not found heavy metal absorptions. Hanjuang plants contaminated with cadmium metal have a bioconcentration value (BCF)<1 so that they are included in the metal excluder group or low accumulator. The highest distribution of cadmium metal concentration is in the roots with transport factor (TF)<1 so that hanjuang plants are included in phytoremediation plants with their metal absorption which mechanism is phytostabilization.Keywords : Cordyline fruticosa, Phytoremediation, Cadmium, ICP-OESABSTRAKFitoremediasi tanah tercemar logam Kadmium (Cd) menggunakan tanaman hias merupakan salah satu metode yang aplikatif dan ramah lingkungan dalam proses penyerapan logam di dalam tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas fitoremediasi dan potensi tanaman hanjuang sebagai agen fitoremediasi dalam menyerap logam kadmium. Tanaman hanjuang ditanam pada media tanah yang sebelumnya media tanah tersebut ditambahkan logam berat sebagai pencemar yaitu Cd(NO3)2 dengan variasi konsentrasi 0; 50; 100; 150 mg/Kg selama 42 hari. Pengukuran konsentrasi Cd menggunakan instrumen Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tanaman hanjuang dapat mengakumulasi logam kadmium pada bagian akar. Akumulasi tertinggi ditemukan pada bagian akar tanaman pada konsentrasi 150 mg/Kg sebesar 36,2167 mg/Kg, sedangkan pada bagian batang maupun daun tanaman tidak ditemukan adanya penyerapan. Tanaman hanjuang yang terkontaminasi oleh logam kadmium memiliki nilai biokonsentrasi (BCF)<1 sehingga termasuk ke dalam kelompok metal excluder atau akumulator rendah. Distribusi konsentrasi logam kadmium paling tinggi terdapat pada bagian akar dengan faktor transport (TF)<1 sehingga tanaman hanjuang termasuk ke dalam tanaman fitoremediasi dengan mekanisme penyerapan logamnya yaitu fitostabilisasi.Kata kunci : Cordyline fruticosa, Fitoremediasi, Kadmium, ICP-OES.
OPTIMASI PRIMER SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHYSM (SNAP) PADA GEN BRASSINOSTEROID (BRI) KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Roberdi Roberdi , Ramadhan Ogi Ajitiyo
Published: December 2019

Optimisation of Single Nucleotide Amplified Polymorphism (SNAP) Primers in Brassinosteroid (BRI) Gene of Oil Palm Oil palm varieties that have high yields still have a high rate of stem height increase, and it has an impact on difficulties at harvest. Brassinosteroid (BRI) is one of the growth hormones that regulate stem height increase. In this study, the sample used is three types of oil palm, namely E. guineensis which represents the height growth of normal oil palm stems, E. oleifera which represents slow stem height growth, and the result of crossing or hybrid Eo x Eg which is expected to inherit the traits between the two the crossed parent. Sequencing was carried out on samples using a specific primer for the BRI gene that triggers elongation and division of stem cells. The Single Nucleotide Amplified Polymorphisms (SNAP) primers used in the analysis process need to find the optimum temperature to obtain the optimum PCR conditions. Four primers of Single Nucleotide Amplified Polymorphism (SNAP) that get the optimum temperature with a mixture of normal reagents are BRI 69 Alt-Rev and BRI 562 Ref-Rev at 55oC, BRI 1206 Alt-Rev at 57oC and BRI 1206 Ref-Rev at 58oC. Two primers require additional MgCl2 in the reactant mixture, namely BRI 69 Ref-Rev at 55oC and BRI 2115 Alt-Rev at 56oC.Keywords: Oil palm, Brassinosteroid, Primer, DNA, GenesABSTRAK Varietas-varietas kelapa sawit yang memiliki daya hasil tinggi umumnya masih memiliki laju pertambahan tinggi yang relatif cepat dan berakibat pada kesulitan saat panen. Brassinosteroid (BRI) merupakan salah satu hormon pertumbuhan yang mengatur pertambahan tinggi batang. Pada studi ini, Sampel yang digunakan adalah tiga jenis kelapa sawit yaitu sampel E. guineensis yang mewakili pertumbuhan tinggi batang kelapa sawit normal, E. oleifera  yang mewakili pertumbuhan tinggi batang lambat, dan hasil persilangan atau hibrida Eo x Eg yang diharapkan mewarisi sifat antara kedua induk yang disilangkan. Sekuensing dilakukan pada sampel menggunakan primer spesifik gen BRI yang memicu pemanjangan dan pembelahan sel batang. Primer Single Nucleotide Amplified Polymorphisms (SNAP) yang digunakan dalam proses analisis perlu dicari suhu optimumnya agar didapatkan kondisi PCR yang optimum sehingga dihasilkan produk PCR yang spesifik. Empat primer Single Nucleotide Amplified Polymorphism (SNAP) yang mendapatkan suhu optimum dengan campuran pereaksi normal yaitu BRI 69 Alt-Rev dan BRI 562 Ref-Rev pada suhu 55oC, BRI 1206 Alt-Rev pada suhu 57oC dan BRI 1206 Ref-Rev pada suhu 58oC. Dua primer membutuhkan tambahan MgCl2 pada campuran pereaksinya yaitu BRI 69 Ref-Rev pada suhu 55oC dan BRI 2115 Alt-Rev pada suhu 56oC.Kata Kunci: Kelapa sawit, Brassinosteroid, Primer, DNA, Gen
Media Buku Cerita Mengenai Bentuk-Bentuk Bullying Dalam Kegiatan Bimbingan Klasikal Untuk Peserta Didik Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Prasetya Yunisa Asih , Hanim Wirda , Fridani Lara
Published: December 2019

Kasus bullying masih marak terjadi di Lingkungan Pendidikan, termasuk di satuan pendidikan sekolah dasar. Peserta didik cenderung belum memahami perilaku bullying, sehingga banyak anak-anak yang beranggapan hal tersebut wajar dilakukan. Peserta didik saling mengejek, memberi sorakan, mengolok-olok, ataupun bercanda melalui tindakan fisik merupakan perilaku yang sering dilakukan oleh peserta didik dan terkadang dibiarkan oleh orang dewasa di sekitar mereka tanpa memikirkan lebih jauh dampak negatifnya. Oleh sebab itu, peserta didik perlu mendapatkan informasi mengenai tindakan bullying, baik yang terkait dengan arti, jenis, dampak, serta cara menghadapi bullying. Pencegahan dan Penanganan kasus Bullying di lingkungan sekolah tidak terlepas dari keterlibatan peran semua pihak yaitu  kebijakan sekolah, guru dan orang tua. Keberadaan dan peran guru bimbingan dan konseling di sekolah dasar merupakan salah satu upaya dalam mencegah dan mengurangi kasus Bullying. Guru bimbingan dan konseling harus mampu berpikir kreatif, inovatif, dalam memberikan layanan kepada peserta didik agar upaya untuk mencapai tugas perkembangan dapat terpenuhi. Salah satunya yaitu dengan terus berusaha mencari metode yang tepat dalam memberikan layanan dasar mengenai kasus bullying. Metode bercerita dengan media buku cerita dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu cara dalam menjelaskan mengenai gambaran tentang bullying kepada peserta didik sekolah dasar. Cerita memberi anak kesempatan untuk mengekspresikan fantasi dan mengeksplorasi situasi konflik, juga memungkinkan anak untuk menangani isu penting dan perasaan. Menggunakan media yang menarik dapat mengoptimalisasikan pencapaian peserta didik dalam mengikuti kegiatan bimbingan klasikal dalam layanan dasar, salah satunya dengan menggunakan media buku cerita.
Case Study of Student Anxiety in Solving Break-Even Point Questions Based on Gender in Indonesia
Authors: Sudarwati Ninik , Nurhayati Dies
Published: December 2019

Anxiety is an uncomfortable feeling that arises when a person faces problems. This study aims to describe students’ anxiety in solving problems based on gender. This research is a qualitative descriptive research with intrinsic case study approach. In this research, the data was collected by video recording, interview and test. Instruments used in this study are video, interview guides, and questions of test. The validity of data was tested by using time triangulation. The subjects were confident when they had solved the problems faced. Subject 2 misunderstood about the basic knowledge and BEP formula, which can be seen from her answers. In solving problems, the subjects forgot about BEP formula, could not concentrate, and were confused in solving the problems faced. The subjects were not confident when they succeeded in solving the problems they faced.
Academic Religious Institution
Authors: Kolodnyi Anatolii M.
Published: December 2019

Prior to Ukraine's accession to the Ukrainian SSR, there were two research religious institutions - the department (later - the sector) of the philosophical problems of religion and atheism of the Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine B. Lobovyk, and since 1990 - Doctor of Philosophy A. Kolodnyi) and the Inter-republican Branch of the Institute of Scientific Atheism of the Academy of Social Sciences at the CPSU Central Committee (Professor O. Onishchenko, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine at that time). If the first institution was engaged in the study of the peculiarities of the religious phenomenon in the diversity of its confessional manifestations and multifunctionality, then the second focused its attention on the problems of the survivability of religiosity in the conditions of socialism and defining ways to overcome it. This feature of research efforts is also reflected in the publications of the department and the branch.
Religious studies science and religious studies education
Authors: Kolodnyi Anatolii M.
Published: December 2019

Science and education are different phenomena, but they must be closely interconnected. It is impossible to say that we currently have it in Ukraine. They are practically the process of their formation in parallel. What do we have here?
Ukrainian Religious Studies in the Context of World Religion Science
Authors: Fylypovych Liudmyla O.
Published: December 2019

Ukrainian religious studies has recently entered the world scientific community. Acquaintance with Western science, which has proven to be heterogeneous, often based on different methodological approaches and methodological means, has coincided with difficult internal transformations that have undergone all humanitarian knowledge in Ukraine after worldviews and political changes in society. In pursuit of its identity, domestic religious studies went, on the one hand, by contrasting itself with theology, and on the other, by distinguishing itself from scientific atheism. At first, the emergence of religious studies from the bosom of ideologized social science was more relevant. In the form of a critical study of religion, Soviet-era religious studies were included in scientific atheism. Therefore, religious studies came not as knowledge of religion, but as its critique.