bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transradial versus transfemoral arterial approach for cerebral angiography and the frequency of embolic events on diffusion weighted MRI
Authors: Carraro do Nascimento Vinicius , de Villiers Laetitia , Hughes Ian , Ford Alexis , Rapier Cheryl , Rice Hal
Published: July 2022

Background

The radial artery approach has become popular as a ‘radial first’ strategy for arterial access in neuroangiography and neurointerventions. Recent studies have shown that transradial arterial access (TRA) for cerebral angiography has been associated with reduced access site complication rates and improved patient satisfaction compared with transfemoral access (TFA). The goal of this study was to evaluate the presence of abnormal MRI diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) foci following DSA and correlate their frequency with TRA or TFA.

Methods

We prospective analyzed 200 consecutive adult DSAs performed from January 2021 to January 2022, at a single tertiary center.

Results

Of the 200 consecutive diagnostic cerebral angiograms, 51% were performed via TRA and 49% were performed via TFA. Of the TRA cerebral angiograms, 17.5% demonstrated at least one hyperintense focus on MRI DWI. Of the TFA procedures, 5.2% were considered positive. One patient (0.5%) in the TRA group experienced a minor neurologic deficit postoperatively that had not completely resolved at 90 days after the procedure and no neurologic deficits occurred in the TFA group.

Conclusions

Despite the proven benefit of TRA over TFA in neurointervention, the number of MRI DWI restriction foci were significantly more frequent during cerebral angiography when TRA was selected. Although the number of clinically symptomatic events were minimal, the widespread use of the technique may become clinically relevant. Further studies contrasting the TRA and TFA techniques will be beneficial for cerebral angiography.
Intrasaccular flow disruption for ruptured aneurysms: an international multicenter study
Authors: Diestro Jose Danilo Bengzon , Dibas Mahmoud , Adeeb Nimer , Regenhardt Robert W , Vranic Justin E , Guenego Adrien , Lay Sovann V , Renieri Leonardo , Al Balushi Ali , Shotar Eimad , Premat Kevin , El Naamani Kareem , Saliou Guillaume , Möhlenbruch Markus A. , Lylyk Ivan , Foreman Paul M , Vachhani Jay A , Župančić Vedran , Hafeez Muhammad U , Rutledge Caleb , Rai Hamid , Tutino Vincent M , Mirshani Shervin , Ghozy Sherief , Harker Pablo , Alotaibi Naif M , Rabinov James D , Ren Yifan , Schirmer Clemens M , Goren Oded , Piano Mariangela , Kuhn Anna Luisa , Michelozzi Caterina , Elens Stephanie , Starke Robert M , Hassan Ameer , Salehani Arsalaan , Nguyen Anh , Jones Jesse , Psychogios Marios , Spears Julian , Parra-Fariñas Carmen , Bres Bullrich Maria , Mayich Michael , Salem Mohamed M , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Jankowitz Brian T , Domingo Ricardo A , Huynh Thien , Tawk Rabih , Ulfert Christian , Lubicz Boris , Panni Pietro , Puri Ajit S , Pero Guglielmo , Griessenauer Christoph J , Asadi Hamed , Siddiqui Adnan , Ducruet Andrew F , Albuquerque Felipe C , Du Rose , Kan Peter , Kalousek Vladimir , Lylyk Pedro , Boddu Srikanth Reddy , Stapleton Christopher J , Knopman Jared , Jabbour Pascal , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula , Clarençon Frédéric , Limbucci Nicola , Aziz-Sultan Mohammad A , Cuellar-Saenz Hugo H , Cognard Christophe , Patel Aman B , Dmytriw Adam A
Published: July 2022

Background

The Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device is a novel intrasaccular flow disruptor tailored for bifurcation aneurysms. We aim to describe the degree of aneurysm occlusion at the latest follow-up, and the rate of complications of aneurysms treated with the WEB device stratified according to rupture status.

Methods

Our data were taken from the WorldWideWeb Consortium, an international multicenter cohort including patients treated with the WEB device. Aneurysms were classified into two groups: ruptured and unruptured. We compared clinical and radiologic outcomes of both groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was done to match according to age, gender, bifurcation, location, prior treatment, neck, height, dome width, daughter sac, incorporated branch, pretreatment antiplatelets, and last imaging follow-up.

Results

The study included 676 patients with 691 intracranial aneurysms (529 unruptured and 162 ruptured) treated with the WEB device. The PSM analysis had 55 pairs. In both the unmatched (85.8% vs 84.3%, p=0.692) and matched (94.4% vs 83.3%, p=0.066) cohorts there was no significant difference in the adequate occlusion rate at the last follow-up. Likewise, there were no significant differences in both ischemic and hemorrhagic complications between the two groups. There was no documented aneurysm rebleeding after WEB device implantation.

Conclusion

There was no significant difference in both the radiologic outcomes and complications between unruptured and ruptured aneurysms. Our findings support the feasibility of treatment of ruptured aneurysms with the WEB device.
Total hip and knee arthroplasty after lower extremity amputation in a military population
Authors: Li Alexander Dan-Fong , Eccleston C T , Abraham V , Balazs G C , Goldman A H
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The military includes lower extremity amputees requiring arthroplasty; however, there is little literature on this population. The primary aim of this study was to report demographics and clinical factors in amputees who undergo total hip or knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA) in the Military Health System (MHS). Second, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are reported.

Methods

The Military Data Repository was queried for patients with lower extremity amputations and TKA or THA between 1 October 2014 and 12 October 2020. The medical records were reviewed and patients were contacted to complete PROMs. Mean follow-up for TKA and THA was 5.5 and 2.5 years, respectively.

Results

Nineteen TKAs (76%) and eight THAs (28%) were performed in 25 patients. Mean age of TKA and THA patients at the time of arthroplasty was 57 years old. A majority of TKA (68%) and THA (57%) patients underwent amputations secondary to trauma. Nearly all TKAs were performed on the contralateral side to the amputation (95%), while half of THAs were performed on the ipsilateral side (50%). Two THAs (29%) were revised due to periprosthetic fractures, whereas six TKAs (32%) were revised or reoperated on due to infection. Ten TKA patients completed PROMs. The mean score on Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (KOOS JR) was 41.8 and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global-10 (PROMIS-10) was 41.6 (Global Physical Health) and 49.6 (Global Mental Health).

Conclusions

Most TKAs were performed on the contralateral limb, suggesting increased demand on the joint. The most common indication for amputation and post-TKA complication was trauma and infection, respectively. KOOS JR may not accurately capture the outcomes of this population, or they simply do worse. However, PROMIS-10 scores were similar to the non-amputee population, suggesting that the PROMIS-10 may be more useful than the KOOS JR.
Comparison between idiopathic and VEXAS-relapsing polychondritis: analysis of a French case series of 95 patients
Authors: Khitri Mohamed-Yacine , Guedon Alexis F , Georgin-Lavialle Sophie , Terrier Benjamin , Saadoun David , Seguier Julie , le Besnerais Maelle , De Moreuil Claire , Denis Guillaume , Gerfaud-Valentin Mathieu , Allain Jean Sebastien , Maria Alexandre , Bouillet Laurence , Grobost Vincent , Galland Joris , Kosmider Olivier , Dumont Anael , Devaux Mathilde , Subran Benjamin , Schmidt Jean , Marianetti-Guingel Paola , Audia Sylvain , Palat Sylvain , Roux-Sauvat Marielle , Jachiet Vincent , Hirsch Pierre , Fain Olivier , Mekinian Arsène
Published: July 2022

Objective

A new adult-onset autoinflammatory syndrome has been described, named VEXAS (Vacuoles, E1 Enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic). We aimed to compare the clinical characteristics, the laboratory features and the outcomes between idiopathic-relapsing polychondritis (I-RP) and VEXAS-relapsing polychondritis (VEXAS-RP).

Methods

Patients from French retrospective multicentre cohort of RP were separated into two groups: a VEXAS-RP and an I-RP.

Results

Compared with patients with I-RP (n=40), patients with VEXAS-RP (n=55) were men (96% vs 30%, p<0.001) and were older at diagnosis (66 vs 44 years, p<0.001). They had a greater prevalence of fever (60% vs 10%, p<0.001), of skin lesions (82% vs 20%, p<0.001), of ocular involvement (57% vs 28%, p=0.01), of pulmonary infiltrates (46% vs 0%, p<0.001), of heart involvement (11% vs 0%, p=0.0336) and with higher median C-reactive protein levels (64 mg/L vs 10 mg/L, p<0.001). Seventy-five per cent of the patients with VEXAS-RP had myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) versus none in I-RP group. The glucocorticoids use, and the number of steroid sparing agents were similar in both groups, but patients with VEXAS-RP had more frequent refractory disease (remission obtained in 27% vs 90%, p<0001). VEXAS-RP was associated with higher risk of death: six patients (11%) died in the VEXAS-RP group after a median follow-up of 37 months and none in the I-RP group after a median follow-up of 92 months (p<0.05).

Conclusion

We report the largest cohort of VEXAS-RP, characterised by high prevalence of male sex, fever, skin lesion, ocular involvement, pulmonary infiltration, heart involvement, older age and MDS association.
Study of generalized Lemaître–Tolman–Bondi spacetime in Palatini f(R) gravity
Authors: Bani-Fwaz Mutasem Z. , Bhatti M. Z. , Yousaf Z. , Farwa U. , Galal Ahmed M.
Published: July 2022

The objective of this paper is to investigate the continuation of Lemaître–Tolman–Bondi (LTB) space-time for dissipative dust configuration in the direction of Palatini f(R) theory. In this context, the generalized form of field and dynamical equations will be formulated. We explore the effects of kinematical variables and curvature invariant on our proposed fluid configuration. The significance of Palatini f(R) scalar variables computing through the orthogonal splitting of Riemann-tensor for dissipative dust spheres will be reported. Furthermore, two subcases of LTB space-time have been carried out to note down its symmetric aspects. It is revealed that extended LTB space-time has characteristics comparable to that of LTB and computed scalar variables in both situations have identical dependance on source profile even under the effects of Palatini technique.
Non-monotonic dependence of heat loads induced by electron cloud on bunch population at the LHC
Authors: Skripka Galina , Iadarola Giovanni , Mether Lotta , Rumolo Giovanni
Published: July 2022

Electron cloud effects are among the main performance limitations for the operation of the Large Hadron Collider with 25 ns bunch spacing. Electrons impacting on the beam screens of the superconducting magnets induce a significant heat load reaching values close to the full cooling capacity available from the cryogenic system in some LHC sectors. To better understand this performance limitation, numerical simulations with the PyECLOUD code were performed to study the dependence of the heat load on different beam and machine parameters, in particular the bunch population, which is foreseen to be considerably increased with the impending HL-LHC upgrade. The simulations predict a complex, non-monotonic behavior of the heat load with bunch population which has important implications in defining the upgrade of the cryogenic system required for coping with HL-LHC beam intensities. An in-depth analysis of the simulation results shows that the non-monotonic dependence of the heat load on the bunch population is driven by an interplay between the spectrum of the impacting electrons and the shape of the Secondary Electron Yield curve. Experimental data were collected at the LHC during normal operation and dedicated experiments in order to validate the simulation model and confirm the expected non-monotonic behavior. The simulation results are found to reproduce very well the measurement data.
Influences of the Lorentz symmetry violation on the interaction of the relativistic spin-zero particle with the Cornell-type non-minimal coupling
Authors: Zare Soroush , Hassanabadi Hassan , Junker Georg
Published: July 2022

Based on the Standard Model Extension, we study the influences of Lorentz symmetry breaking effects on the interaction of a neutral spin-zero Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau particle. This particle is non-minimal coupled to a Cornell-type potential, which represents a generalized relativistic quantum oscillator model. This system is considered in the background of the Lorentz symmetry breaking mechanics generated by an electric field and a fixed vector field, which in turn provides a type of magnetic dipole moment. The generalized Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau equation is constructed incorporating that non-minimal CPT-odd coupling. Exact analytical spectral properties are derived for two special configurations of the electric and fixed vector field, both exhibiting a cylindric symmetry.
Tracing Pb from Nolans Bore thorianite through Alice Springs thorite to radiogenic galena: EPMA and LA-ICP-MS study of time and space
Authors: Tatnell Lucas J. , Anenburg Michael
Published: July 2022

The Pb isotope composition of crustal rocks often varies in its proportions of radiogenic Pb, formed by the decay of Th and U. In most cases, it is impossible to trace this radiogenic Pb from its source, through dilution, to a reservoir dominated by common Pb. Nolans Bore is a Th-rich REE ore deposit in the Northern Territory, Australia, in which this progression is recorded in various minerals. We show
208
Pb/
204
Pb ratios greater than 100 000 in thorianite and 10 000 in thorite, with subsequent dilution by common Pb recorded by stetindite and ekanite (
208
Pb/
204
Pb = 600–800) and, relative to common Pb, a strongly radiogenic signal contained in late-stage zeolite veins (
208
Pb/
204
Pb = 40–80). Pyrite intimately associated with thorite inherits a highly radiogenic
208
Pb/
204
Pb ratio of
c.
2000, and nearby galena crystallized during a regional fluid flow event (Alice Springs Orogeny) is likewise radiogenic at
208
Pb/
204
Pb = 100–120. Microbeam chemical dating of primary thorianite records the magmatic formation of Nolans Bore at 1521 ± 54 Ma (2

σ

), and secondary thorite records the Alice Springs Orogeny at 359 ± 10 Ma (2

σ

).

Supplementary material
: Sample locations, LA-ICP-MS measuring conditions and data, geochemical data and R code for data processing and figure generation are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6086210
Global volcano monitoring through the Normalized Hotspot Indices (NHI) system
Authors: Marchese Francesco , Genzano Nicola
Published: July 2022

The Normalized Hotspot Indices (NHI) is a multi-channel algorithm developed to map thermal anomalies through the Multispectral Instrument onboard the Sentinel-2 satellite and the Operational Land Imager onboard the Landsat-8 satellite. The algorithm runs operationally under the Google Earth Engine platform and allows the analysis of volcanic thermal features (e.g. lava flows/lakes) through plots of the number of hot pixels, the total shortwave infrared radiance and the area of the hotspot. We present here the automated module of this tool: the NHI system. This system provides automated notifications about volcanic thermal anomalies detected at the global scale over the previous 48 h whenever the NHI web site (
https://sites.google.com/view/nhi-tool
) is accessed. The results of the first six months of operation are assessed through the analysis of satellite imagery and comparison with well-established programmes for global volcano monitoring. The low false positive rate (around 15%, including vegetation fires and data issues) and the successful identification of small, high-temperature features show that the NHI system may successfully integrate information from high temporal/low spatial resolution satellite data, despite some limitations (e.g. temporal sampling of the combined Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 observations; delay of data ingestion in the Google Earth Engine platform). The recent ingestion of Landsat-9 data within the system has further extended the performance of the NHI system in supporting the surveillance of active volcanoes from space.
Learning to use chopsticks in diverse gripping styles
Authors: Yang Zeshi , Yin Kangkang , Liu Libin
Published: July 2022

Learning dexterous manipulation skills is a long-standing challenge in computer graphics and robotics, especially when the task involves complex and delicate interactions between the hands, tools and objects. In this paper, we focus on chopsticks-based object relocation tasks, which are common yet demanding. The key to successful chopsticks skills is steady gripping of the sticks that also supports delicate maneuvers. We automatically discover physically valid chopsticks holding poses by Bayesian Optimization (BO) and Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), which works for multiple gripping styles and hand morphologies without the need of example data. Given as input the discovered gripping poses and desired objects to be moved, we build physics-based hand controllers to accomplish relocation tasks in two stages. First, kinematic trajectories are synthesized for the chopsticks and hand in a motion planning stage. The key components of our motion planner include a grasping model to select suitable chopsticks configurations for grasping the object, and a trajectory optimization module to generate collision-free chopsticks trajectories. Then we train physics-based hand controllers through DRL again to track the desired kinematic trajectories produced by the motion planner. We demonstrate the capabilities of our framework by relocating objects of various shapes and sizes, in diverse gripping styles and holding positions for multiple hand morphologies. Our system achieves faster learning speed and better control robustness, when compared to vanilla systems that attempt to learn chopstick-based skills without a gripping pose optimization module and/or without a kinematic motion planner. Our code and models are available at this link.
1
Regression-based Monte Carlo integration
Authors: Salaün Corentin , Gruson Adrien , Hua Binh-Son , Hachisuka Toshiya , Singh Gurprit
Published: July 2022

Monte Carlo integration is typically interpreted as an estimator of the expected value using stochastic samples. There exists an alternative interpretation in calculus where Monte Carlo integration can be seen as estimating a
constant
function---from the stochastic evaluations of the integrand---that integrates to the original integral. The integral mean value theorem states that this
constant
function should be the mean (or expectation) of the integrand. Since both interpretations result in the same estimator, little attention has been devoted to the calculus-oriented interpretation. We show that the calculus-oriented interpretation actually implies the possibility of using a more
complex
function than a
constant
one to construct a more efficient estimator for Monte Carlo integration. We build a new estimator based on this interpretation and relate our estimator to control variates with least-squares regression on the stochastic samples of the integrand. Unlike prior work, our resulting estimator is
provably
better than or equal to the conventional Monte Carlo estimator. To demonstrate the strength of our approach, we introduce a practical estimator that can act as a simple drop-in replacement for conventional Monte Carlo integration. We experimentally validate our framework on various light transport integrals. The code is available at https://github.com/iribis/regressionmc.
Adaptive rigidification of elastic solids
Authors: Mercier-Aubin Alexandre , Kry Paul G. , Winter Alexandre , Levin David I. W.
Published: July 2022

We present a method for reducing the computational cost of elastic solid simulation by treating connected sets of non-deforming elements as rigid bodies. Non-deforming elements are identified as those where the strain rate squared Frobenius norm falls below a threshold for several frames. Rigidification uses a breadth first search to identify connected components while avoiding connections that would form hinges between rigid components. Rigid elements become elastic again when their approximate strain velocity rises above a threshold, which is fast to compute using a single iteration of conjugate gradient with a fixed Laplacian-based incomplete Cholesky preconditioner. With rigidification, the system size to solve at each time step can be greatly reduced, and if all elastic element become rigid, it reduces to solving the rigid body system. We demonstrate our results on a variety of 2D and 3D examples, and show that our method is likewise especially beneficial in contact rich examples.
A
δ
Authors: Yang Yuting , Barnes Connelly , Adams Andrew , Finkelstein Adam
Published: July 2022

Over the last decade, automatic differentiation (AD) has profoundly impacted graphics and vision applications --- both broadly via deep learning and specifically for inverse rendering. Traditional AD methods ignore gradients at discontinuities, instead treating functions as continuous. Rendering algorithms intrinsically rely on discontinuities, crucial at object silhouettes and in general for any branching operation. Researchers have proposed
fully-
automatic differentiation approaches for handling discontinuities by restricting to affine functions, or
semi-
automatic processes restricted either to invertible functions or to specialized applications like vector graphics. This paper describes a compiler-based approach to extend reverse mode AD so as to accept arbitrary programs involving discontinuities. Our novel gradient rules generalize differentiation to work correctly, assuming there is a single discontinuity in a local neighborhood, by approximating the prefiltered gradient over a box kernel oriented along a 1D sampling axis. We describe when such approximation rules are first-order correct, and show that this correctness criterion applies to a relatively broad class of functions. Moreover, we show that the method is effective in practice for arbitrary programs, including features for which we cannot prove correctness. We evaluate this approach on procedural shader programs, where the task is to optimize unknown parameters in order to match a target image, and our method outperforms baselines in terms of both convergence and efficiency. Our compiler outputs gradient programs in TensorFlow, PyTorch (for quick prototypes) and Halide with an optional auto-scheduler (for efficiency). The compiler also outputs GLSL that renders the target image, allowing users to interactively modify and animate the shader, which would otherwise be cumbersome in other representations such as triangle meshes or vector art.
Variational quadratic shape functions for polygons and polyhedra
Authors: Bunge Astrid , Herholz Philipp , Sorkine-Hornung Olga , Botsch Mario , Kazhdan Michael
Published: July 2022

Solving partial differential equations (PDEs) on geometric domains is an important component of computer graphics, geometry processing, and many other fields. Typically, the given discrete mesh
is
the geometric representation and should not be altered for simulation purposes. Hence, accurately solving PDEs on general meshes is a central goal and has been considered for various differential operators over the last years. While it is known that using higher-order basis functions on simplicial meshes can substantially improve accuracy and convergence, extending these benefits to general surface or volume tessellations in an efficient fashion remains an open problem. Our work proposes variationally optimized piecewise quadratic shape functions for polygons and polyhedra, which generalize quadratic
P
2 elements, exactly reproduce them on simplices, and inherit their beneficial numerical properties. To mitigate the associated cost of increased computation time, particularly for volumetric meshes, we introduce a custom two-level multigrid solver which significantly improves computational performance.
Authentic volumetric avatars from a phone scan
Authors: Cao Chen , Simon Tomas , Kim Jin Kyu , Schwartz Gabe , Zollhoefer Michael , Saito Shun-Suke , Lombardi Stephen , Wei Shih-En , Belko Danielle , Yu Shoou-I , Sheikh Yaser , Saragih Jason
Published: July 2022

Creating photorealistic avatars of existing people currently requires extensive person-specific data capture, which is usually only accessible to the VFX industry and not the general public. Our work aims to address this drawback by relying only on a short mobile phone capture to obtain a drivable 3D head avatar that matches a person's likeness faithfully. In contrast to existing approaches, our architecture avoids the complex task of directly modeling the entire manifold of human appearance, aiming instead to generate an avatar model that can be
specialized
to novel identities using only small amounts of data. The model dispenses with low-dimensional latent spaces that are commonly employed for hallucinating novel identities, and instead, uses a conditional representation that can extract person-specific information at multiple scales from a high resolution registered neutral phone scan. We achieve high quality results through the use of a novel universal avatar prior that has been trained on high resolution multi-view video captures of facial performances of hundreds of human subjects. By fine-tuning the model using inverse rendering we achieve increased realism and personalize its range of motion. The output of our approach is not only a high-fidelity 3D head avatar that matches the person's facial shape and appearance, but one that can also be driven using a jointly discovered shared global expression space with disentangled controls for gaze direction. Via a series of experiments we demonstrate that our avatars are faithful representations of the subject's likeness. Compared to other state-of-the-art methods for lightweight avatar creation, our approach exhibits superior visual quality and animateability.
Computational pattern making from 3D garment models
Authors: Pietroni Nico , Dumery Corentin , Falque Raphael , Liu Mark , Vidal-Calleja Teresa , Sorkine-Hornung Olga
Published: July 2022

We propose a method for computing a sewing pattern of a given 3D garment model. Our algorithm segments an input 3D garment shape into patches and computes their 2D parameterization, resulting in pattern pieces that can be cut out of fabric and sewn together to manufacture the garment. Unlike the general state-of-the-art approaches for surface cutting and flattening, our method explicitly targets garment fabrication. It accounts for the unique properties and constraints of tailoring, such as seam symmetry, the usage of darts, fabric grain alignment, and a flattening distortion measure that models woven fabric deformation, respecting its anisotropic behavior. We bootstrap a recent patch layout approach developed for quadrilateral remeshing and adapt it to the purpose of computational pattern making, ensuring that the deformation of each pattern piece stays within prescribed bounds of cloth stress. While our algorithm can automatically produce the sewing patterns, it is fast enough to admit user input to creatively iterate on the pattern design. Our method can take several target poses of the 3D garment into account and integrate them into the sewing pattern design. We demonstrate results on both skintight and loose garments, showcasing the versatile application possibilities of our approach.
A general two-stage initialization for sag-free deformable simulations
Authors: Hsu Jerry , Truong Nghia , Yuksel Cem , Wu Kui
Published: July 2022

Initializing simulations of deformable objects involves setting the rest state of all internal forces at the rest shape of the object. However, often times the rest shape is not explicitly provided. In its absence, it is common to initialize by treating the given initial shape as the rest shape. This leads to sagging, the undesirable deformation under gravity as soon as the simulation begins. Prior solutions to sagging are limited to specific simulation systems and material models, most of them cannot handle frictional contact, and they require solving expensive global nonlinear optimization problems.

We introduce a novel solution to the sagging problem that can be applied to a variety of simulation systems and materials. The key feature of our approach is that we avoid solving a global nonlinear optimization problem by performing the initialization in two stages. First, we use a global linear optimization for static equilibrium. Any nonlinearity of the material definition is handled in the local stage, which solves many small local problems efficiently and in parallel. Notably, our method can properly handle frictional contact orders of magnitude faster than prior work. We show that our approach can be applied to various simulation systems by presenting examples with mass-spring systems, cloth simulations, the finite element method, the material point method, and position-based dynamics.
Material Removal Rate Prediction for Sapphire Double-Sided CMP Based on RSM-SVM
Authors: Li Zhongyang , Deng Zhaohui , Ge Jimin , Zhuo Rongjing , Wan Linlin
Published: July 2022

As a crucial substrate material for optoelectronic materials, sapphire has important applications in both military and civilian fields. In order to achieve the final processing quality of sapphire substrate materials, double-sided chemical mechanical polishing (DS-CMP) is a necessary process, which is also a guarantee for the preparation of high-end LED chips. In this article, the sapphire DS-CMP processing plan based on the Box-Behnken design is obtained and experimented. Then, a hybrid approach of response surface method (RSM) and support vector machines (SVM) algorithm is established as the material removal rate (MRR) prediction model for sapphire DS-CMP. Furthermore, the material removal process of sapphire DS-CMP, the influence of response variables on the MRR of sapphire DS-CMP, and the prediction results of RSM-SVM on sapphire DS-CMP are analyzed respectively. From the experimental results, the maximum MRR obtained is 387.59 nm min−1, which is more than 6 times the reported MRR of single-sided CMP under similar process parameters. The mean square error of predicted value through RSM-SVM is basically around ±10% of the experimental value, which possess satisfied validity for the MRR prediction of sapphire DS-CMP. Finally, both top and bottom surface quality of sapphire wafers after DS-CMP processing was investigated.
AAV-mediated expression of PFKFB3 in myofibers, but not endothelial cells, improves ischemic muscle function in mice with critical limb ischemia
Authors: Salyers Zachary R. , Coleman Madeline , Le Dennis , Ryan Terence E.
Published: July 2022

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) carries a significant risk for limb amputation, and treatment options remain limited. We tested the impact of expression of PFKFB3 in myofibers or endothelial cells on limb pathology in mice with CLI. Although both muscle and endothelium-specific PFKFB3 expression increased perfused capillary density, only muscle-specific PFKFB3 expression improve contractile function. Regardless of treatment, female mice demonstrated better recovery from limb ischemic compared with male mice.
Hydrogen Sulfide Ameliorated High Choline-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction by Inhibiting cGAS-STING-NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway
Authors: Bai Lu , Dai Jing , Xia Yuxuan , He Kaichuan , Xue Hongmei , Guo Qi , Tian Danyang , Xiao Lin , Zhang Xiangjian , Teng Xu , Wu Yuming , Jin Sheng
Published: July 2022

Although it is an essential nutrient, high choline intake directly or indirectly via its metabolite is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, the mechanism of which remains to be elucidated. The present study was performed to investigate whether hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was involved in high choline-induced cardiac dysfunction and explore the potential mechanisms. We found that ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS), the indicators of cardiac function measured by echocardiography, were significantly decreased in mice fed a diet containing 1.3% choline for 4 months as compared to the control, while applying 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB) to suppress trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO, a metabolite of choline) generation ameliorated the cardiac function. Subsequently, we found that feeding choline or TMAO significantly increased the protein levels of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS), stimulator of interferon genes (STING), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) as compared to the control, which indicated the activation of cGAS-STING-NLRP3 inflammasome axis. Moreover, the protein expression of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), the main enzyme for H2S production in the cardiovascular system, was significantly increased after dietary supplementation with choline, but the plasma H2S levels were significantly decreased. To observe the effect of endogenous H2S, CSE knockout (KO) mice were used, and we found that the EF, FS, and plasma H2S levels in WT mice were significantly decreased after dietary supplementation with choline, while there was no difference between CSE KO + control and CSE KO + choline group. To observe the effect of exogenous H2S, mice were intraperitoneally injected with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a H2S donor) for 4 months, and we found that NaHS improved the cardiac function and reduced the protein levels of cGAS, STING, NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β in mice receiving dietary choline. In conclusion, our studies revealed that high choline diet decreased plasma H2S levels and induced cardiac dysfunction via cGAS-STING-NLRP3 inflammasome axis while H2S treatment could restore the cardiac function by inhibiting cGAS-STING-NLRP3 inflammasome axis.
Double Domination and Regular Domination in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Hypergraph
Authors: Sri P. Aruna , Thamaraikannan N. , Loganathan K. , Chaudhary Dinesh Kumar
Published: July 2022

This study investigates the domination, double domination, and regular domination in intuitionistic fuzzy hypergraph (IFHG), which has enormous application in computer science, networking, chemical, and biological engineering. Few properties of double domination and regular domination of IFHG are established. Furthermore, the definitions of complement and independent set of IFHG are given. The relation between the domination of an IFHG and the independent set of its complement was discussed. Moreover, the application of the double domination in the IFHG was illustrated by determining the containment zones for epidemic situations like COVID‐19.
Research on Model and Algorithm of Multiview and Multilabel Classification Based on Nearest-Neighbor Model
Authors: Zhang Junyi , Rao Yuan
Published: July 2022

In the field of machine learning, multilabel learning gradually evolved from the traditional text classification problem. In this study, a multiview multilabel via optimal classifier chain (MVMLOCC) algorithm based on the nearest-neighbor model is proposed. The algorithm model establishes a multilabel chain classifier for each view of the dataset and predicts unknown data samples by dynamically adjusting the weights of chain learners. When an unknown example is input, multiple chain classifier models are multiplied by corresponding weights to obtain the final tag set situation. The model makes full use of the relevance between multiple tags and the complementarity and integrity between multiple perspectives and can achieve better learning results. The final experimental results show that our proposed model can be applied to different multilabel classification tasks and has achieved excellent performance under different evaluation indicators. This study mainly studies the multiview and multilabel classification method and uses active learning technology to solve the problem of high label components in data collection.
English Language Literacy Skills and Academic Achievement of Urban and Rural Secondary Schools: The Case of High and Low Achievers
Authors: Bachore Mebratu Mulatu
Published: July 2022

The main objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between English language literacy skills and academic achievement between urban and rural secondary schools. The study employed a descriptive design. The subjects of the study were 139 students (73 urban and 66 rural) selected from seven secondary schools in Hawassa University Technology Village local district through a stratified random sampling technique. The data were collected by administering a literacy skill test that contains reading and writing skill items. Then, a t-test was computed to compare the mean differences between rural and urban secondary school high and low achievers’ English language literacy skill performances. And thep-value was computed to determine the level of significance of the obtained mean difference. The findings disclosed that there was a statistically significant mean difference between urban secondary school high achievers in the test scores of English language literacy (0.003, which is < 0.05) in which urban high achievers outperform. Likewise, regarding the subcomponents of English literacy skills, a statistically significant mean difference (0.006, which is < 0.05) was obtained between urban and rural high achievers, which favored the urban ones. On the other hand, the study also confirmed that there was no statistically significant difference between the urban and rural low achievers in their language literacy skill mean scores.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Oncolytic Viruses in Fighting Cancer: Recent Advances and Perspective
Authors: Garmaroudi Ghazal Asadi , Karimi Farzaneh , Naeini Leila Ghanbari , Kokabian Pajman , Givtaj Nozar
Published: July 2022

Immunotherapy is at the cutting edge of modern cancer treatment. Innovative medicines have been developed with varying degrees of success that target all aspects of tumor biology: tumors, niches, and the immune system. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are a novel and potentially immunotherapeutic approach for cancer treatment. OVs reproduce exclusively in cancer cells, causing the tumor mass to lyse. OVs can also activate the immune system in addition to their primary activity. Tumors create an immunosuppressive environment by suppressing the immune system’s ability to respond to tumor cells. By injecting OVs into the tumor, the immune system is stimulated, allowing it to generate a robust and long-lasting response against the tumor. The essential biological properties of oncolytic viruses, as well as the underlying mechanisms that enable their usage as prospective anticancer medicines, are outlined in this review. We also discuss the increased efficacy of virotherapy when combined with other cancer medications.
Effects of High-Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation Expectoration System on Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Cortisol Function in Patients with Severe AECOPD
Authors: Cheng Guohua , Wu Jialing , Hu Zizi , Xiao Yumie , Zeng Biyuan , Zhou Yuqiong
Published: July 2022

Objective. To investigate the effect of high-frequency chest wall oscillatory expectoration system (HFCWO) on pulmonary rehabilitation and cortisol function in patients with severe acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Methods. The 65 severe AECOPD patients admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to May 2020 were divided into group A with 33 cases and group B with 32 cases by random number table method. After 14 days of intervention, the improvement time of clinical symptoms in the two groups was recorded, and blood gas, lung function, inflammatory, and cortisol function-related indicators were evaluated before and after treatment. Results. The remission time of expectoration, pulmonary signs, and hospital stay in group A were significantly shorter than those in group B (

P
<
0.05

). Compared with before treatment, blood oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at 1 s (EFV1), and EFV1/FVC increased significantly; blood carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), white blood cell count (WBC), plasma cortisol (COR), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels were significantly decreased, and the above indicators in group A increased or decreased more significantly than those in group B (

P
<
0.05

); there was no significant difference in tolerance and adverse reactions between the two groups (

P
>
0.05

). Conclusion. HFCWO has good pulmonary rehabilitation effect in the treatment of severe AECOPD and can significantly improve the blood gas indexes, inflammation, and cortisol function of patients, which is safe and feasible.
Construction and Push of Financial Instructional Resource Bank Based on Rough Set Theory
Authors: Li Chang Zheng
Published: July 2022

A perfect resource bank for financial education that can foster resource exchange and charitable work must be established. The traditional recommendation algorithm is improved in this paper based on the rough set theory, avoiding the issue where the traditional similarity calculation does not match the actual similarity judgement. When used in the field of resource clustering for financial education, the improved algorithm has the concept of an approximate set for boundary problems. It can more accurately describe the boundary groups of resource classification. When the model is offline, a rough K-means user clustering algorithm is used; users are assigned to the upper and lower approximations of K classes based on how similar they are to cluster centers, creating the initial neighbor set of users. Find the target user’s nearest neighbor from the initial nearest neighbor set online, predict the item’s score, and offer suggestions to it. The evaluation’s findings indicate that this system can achieve a precision rate of 94.35 percent. Additionally, compared to the conventional method, the recommended recall rate is higher at 95.94 percent. This algorithm can effectively provide high-quality resources for financial teaching while overcoming the drawbacks of traditional recommendation algorithms, increasing recommendation accuracy.
Research and Simulation of Traditional Settlement Wind and Heat Environment Based on Computer Intelligent Computing Technology
Authors: Chen Haoxi , Zhang Xufu
Published: July 2022

With the globalization of the world economy and the integration and heterogeneity of cultures, the collision between traditional settlements and local traditional culture, traditional culture and modern culture is gradually reduced. Traditional cultures, traditional settlements, and traditional architectural forms have gradually declined. Therefore, in the context of globalization, people are more concerned about how to recognize, understand, and inherit these traditions and traditional ways of life in the context of today’s society and how to combine with the needs of contemporary communities to create an outdoor space suitable for human survival. However, due to the lack of research on traditional wind-heat conditions, there is no feasible evaluation method. Taking a typical village in Lianjiang County, Fuzhou as an example, various factors affecting wind-heat conditions in traditional villages are discussed in this paper. The CFD simulation technology is used to simulate and compare various types of settlements, and the wind and thermal environment around are compared and evaluated in detail and carried out in-depth research on it. By summarizing the general rules of natural ventilation of traditional residential buildings in Beigan Township, Lianjiang County, and Fuzhou, it is expected to be helpful to today’s ecological construction. In order to construct a new type of energy-saving and land-saving community, some feasible methods and ideas are put forward to make it more realistic.
Targeting Molecular Mediators of Ferroptosis and Oxidative Stress for Neurological Disorders
Authors: Li Jing , Jia Bowen , Cheng Ying , Song Yiting , Li Qianqian , Luo Chengliang
Published: July 2022

With the acceleration of population aging, nervous system diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), anxiety, depression, stroke, and traumatic brain injury (TBI) have become a huge burden on families and society. The mechanism of neurological disorders is complex, which also lacks effective treatment, so relevant research is required to solve these problems urgently. Given that oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation eventually leads to ferroptosis, both oxidative stress and ferroptosis are important mechanisms causing neurological disorders, targeting mediators of oxidative stress and ferroptosis have become a hot research direction at present. Our review provides a current view of the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis and oxidative stress participate in neurological disorders, the potential application of molecular mediators targeting ferroptosis and oxidative stress in neurological disorders. The target of molecular mediators or agents of oxidative stress and ferroptosis associated with neurological disorders, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor-antioxidant response element (Nrf2-ARE), n-acetylcysteine (NAC), Fe2+, NADPH, and its oxidases NOX, has been described in this article. Given that oxidative stress-induced ferroptosis plays a pivotal role in neurological disorders, further research on the mechanisms of ferroptosis caused by oxidative stress will help provide new targets for the treatment of neurological disorders.
Influence of the Urban Built Environment on Physical and Mental Health of the Elderly under the Background of Big Data
Authors: Yan Shuting , Shi Lei , Wang Li
Published: July 2022

With the advent of the information technology revolution and the Internet era, information technology is gradually occupying an important position and becoming an important strategic factor in economic development. As an emerging technology that has been developing continuously in recent years, big data is becoming an important industry to improve the innovation and development of the urban economy. Like AI technology, cloud computing, and the Internet, big data has become an important application technology for economic growth and economic efficiency improvement in today’s world. It is an effective means of progress and development in a region and an important strategic resource. As a new technology, big data has attracted more and more attention from all walks of life. Many companies have turned their attention to developing big data for economic benefits. “Enjoy your old age” is the yearning of every old man and his family. In recent years, the national level has been committed to “creating an urban built environment for the elderly to achieve healthy aging.” From the perspective of promoting the physical and mental health of the elderly, this paper analyzes the impact of the urban built environment on the physical and mental health of the elderly based on the needs of the elderly and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions based on the current status and existing problems of the urban built environment for the elderly. Based on the combined data analysis method and technology in big data, this paper conducted a field questionnaire survey on a total of 4,000 elderly people in urban and rural areas by means of the questionnaire survey. It is found that the existing problems of the built environment in the old cities include scattered content, one-sided understanding, and rigid design. According to the problems, the solutions of building consensus, paying attention to planning, combining urban characteristics, and the joint efforts of all sectors of society are put forward. And programming tools are used to combine formulas and analyze related data in detail. The analysis results show that the physical and mental health index of the elderly is highly correlated with factors such as changes in the consensus degree of the urban built environment, urban built environment planning, urban built environment policy support, and multiparty efforts in the urban built environment. Changes show a positive change.