bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcome-Based Reimbursement: The Solution to High Drug Spending?
Authors: Xu Liang , Li Hongmin , Zhao Hui
Published: January 2022

Problem definition: The continuously soaring prices of new drugs and their uncertain effectiveness in clinical practice have put substantial risks on insurers/payers. To induce insurer coverage of their new drugs, manufacturers start to propose an innovative outcome-based reimbursement (OBR) scheme under which manufacturers refund insurers (and possibly patients) if the drugs fail to achieve a prespecified treatment target. We investigate the impact of OBR on insurers, manufacturers, and patients. Academic/practical relevance: Although OBR sounds intuitively appealing, its true impact is under much debate and depends particularly on the design of OBR. Our study sheds light on the optimal design of OBR and the debate around OBR, considering key trade-offs and key elements not covered in prior literature. Methodology: We develop a Stackelberg game under which the manufacturer designs a rebate scheme for its drug, either non-OBR or OBR, considering the trade-off between a favorable formulary position and the rebate provided. The insurer subsequently determines its formulary for the drug as well as other alternative drugs within the same disease category considering the trade-off between its spending and patient health benefits. Using data on 14 drugs treating a common disease, hyperlipidemia, we estimate through a multinomial logit model the demand of the 14 drugs and conduct counterfactual analyses on the impact of OBR. Results: Under the optimal OBR, the manufacturer lowers the insurer’s risk but inflates the wholesale price (hence, may not reduce insurer spending). OBR also induces a better formulary position for the manufacturer, which, hence, improves patient access to new drugs. Further, rebates to the insurer and patients affect demand through different mechanisms. Including patient rebates in OBR lowers patient expenses and increases drug demand but further increases insurer spending. Managerial implications: We demonstrate the structure of an optimal formulary and its application in practice. We caution insurers/payers who are seeking OBR to reduce their spending.
Dental Implants for the General Dental Practitioner. Part 2: Complications, Management and Maintenance
Authors: Jones Oliver , Hoyle Philippa , Patel Rajesh
Published: January 2022

With dental implants becoming a more common treatment option for the replacement of missing teeth, and with survival rates upwards of 90% after 10 years, it is likely that primary care dentists and dental care professionals will encounter patients presenting with problems. The second article in this two-article series outlines common biological and mechanical complications arising with dental implants and their component parts, and how to manage them.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article highlights important aspects the primary care practitioner should consider when examining and maintaining dental implants, and provides an overview of common biological and mechanical complications associated with implant-retained restorations.
The Numb Lip: Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer First Presenting in the Head and Neck
Authors: Daldry Michael , Lloyd Timothy Edwin , Stewart Grant
Published: January 2022

Diagnosing the cause of paraesthesia can be challenging. A patient with an unremarkable medical history, non-smoker and no known allergies, presented with paraesthesia in the distribution of the mental nerve with no obvious dento-alveolar pathology. After further investigations the patient was found to have multiple brain metastases and a solitary mandibular deposit, with the primary site being an adenocarcinoma of the lung.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: As dental professionals, knowledge of head and neck manifestations of systemic conditions is required if prompt diagnosis and treatment is to occur, which will subsequently improve patient health outcomes.
Efficiency of Invisalign in contemporary orthodontic practice
Authors: Elhussein Mustafa , Sandler Cara , Sandler Jonathan
Published: January 2022

The demand for clear aligners continues to grow. Their use is no longer exclusive to adults, because aligners are also now popular among younger patients as well. In the literature, there is an emphasis on cases of mild to moderate severity, which have usually been treated on a non-extraction basis, perhaps owing to the difficulty in managing space closure or a challenging tooth movement, such as derotation. The article highlights appropriate case selection in clinical orthodontic practice, and the key role that Invisalign plays.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: The reader should appreciate the potential of the Invisalign system in managing certain scenarios commonly encountered in clinical orthodontics practice.
Experiments and Performance Evaluation of a New Wheat Seed Shooting Device for the North China Plain
Authors: Wang Yingbo , Li Hongwen , He Jin , Wang Qingjie , Lu Caiyun , Liu Peng , Yang Qinglu , Wang Chunlei , He Dong
Published: January 2022

Highlights

A noncontact mechanical wheat seed shooting device was developed for use in the North China Plain.

The shooting depth increased with increasing shooting velocity and with increasing shooting angle.

The tested parameters were statistically significant for average shooting depth (ASD), coefficient of variation of shooting depth (CVSD), and coefficient of variation of seeding amount (CVSA).

The results from bench and field experiments indicated that the performance of the shooting device with the optimized parameters could fully meet the planting requirements for winter wheat in the North China Plain.

Abstract. Planting performance is essential for wheat planters and seed emergence. In this study, a noncontact mechanical wheat seed shooting device was developed to simplify the planter structure, eliminate blockage of the soil-contacting parts, and enhance the stability of the sowing depth. A preliminary model of shooting wheat was developed using DEM software to simulate the shooting depth. The modeling results showed general trends of increased shooting depth with increasing shooting velocity and shooting angle, and decreased shooting depth with increasing shooting height. The shooting depth exceeded 30 mm when the shooting velocity of the wheat seeds was greater than 30 m s-1 and the shooting height was less than 150 mm. Additionally, to increase the stability of the sowing depth, this study investigated the effects of three operating parameters (forward speed, rotational speed of the shooting device, and shooting height) on the average shooting depth (ASD), shooting velocity of seed (SVS), coefficient of variation of shooting depth (CVSD), and coefficient of variation of seeding amount (CVSA). The SVS was proposed as an indicator of shooting performance. A three-factor central-composite experiment was performed to understand the parameter interactions and verify the optimal parameter values. The results from bench and field experiments demonstrated that the performance of the shooting device with the optimized parameters could fully meet the sowing requirements for winter wheat in the North China Plain. The ASD, CVSD, CVSA, and SVS of the seed shooting device with the optimized parameters were 34.6 mm, 9.3%, 13.9%, and 35.8 m s-1, respectively. The seed damage rate (SDR), seed germination rate (SGR), and coefficient of variation of seeding uniformity (CVSU) in the field experiment were 0.9%, 88.2%, and 13.5%, respectively. Keywords: Coefficient of variation of shooting depth, Shooting device, Shooting velocity, Winter wheat.
Agronomic Outcomes of Precision Irrigation Management Technologies with Varying Complexity
Authors: Thorp Kelly R. , Calleja Sebastian , Pauli Duke , Thompson Alison L. , Elshikha Diaa Eldin
Published: January 2022

Highlights

Cotton yield and water productivity were measured for different precision irrigation management solutions.

Agronomic improvements from site-specific irrigation based on spatial FAO-56 crop coefficient data were minor.

Thermal remote sensing data from unoccupied aircraft systems were able to identify crop water limitations.

Integrated sensing and modeling tools that can achieve intended agronomic outcomes should be prioritized.

Abstract. Diverse technologies, methodologies, and data sources have been proposed to inform precision irrigation management decisions, and the technological complexity of different solutions is highly variable. Additional field studies are needed to identify solutions that achieve intended agronomic outcomes in simple and cost-effective ways. The objective of this study was to compare cotton yield and water productivity outcomes resulting from different solutions for scheduling and conducting precision irrigation management. A cotton field study was conducted at Maricopa, Arizona, in 2019 and 2020 that evaluated the outcomes of four management solutions with varying technological complexity: (1) a stand-alone evapotranspiration-based soil water balance model with field-average soil parameters (MDL), (2) using site-specific soil data to spatialize the modeling framework (SOL), (3) driving the model with spatial crop coefficients estimated from an unoccupied aircraft system (UAS), and (4) using commercial variable-rate irrigation technology for site-specific irrigation applications (VRI). Soil water content data and thermal UAS data were also collected but used only in post hoc data analysis. Applied irrigation, cotton fiber yield, and water productivity were statistically identical for MDL and SOL. As compared to MDL, the UAS crop coefficient approach significantly reduced applied irrigation by 7% and 14% but also reduced yield by 5% and 26% in 2019 and 2020, respectively (p = 0.05). In 2019 only, the VRI approach maintained yield while significantly reducing applied irrigation by 8% compared to MDL, and water productivity was significantly increased from 0.200 to 0.211 kg m-3 when one outlier datum was removed (p = 0.05). Post hoc data analysis showed that crop water stress information, particularly from UAS thermal imaging data, would likely benefit the irrigation scheduling protocol. Efforts to develop integrated sensing and modeling tools that can guide precision irrigation management to achieve intended agronomic outcomes should be prioritized and will be relevant whether irrigation applications are site-specific or uniform. Keywords: Cotton, Crop coefficient, Drone, FAO-56, Irrigation scheduling, Remote sensing, Site-specific irrigation, Soil mapping, Unoccupied aircraft system, Variable-rate irrigation, Water stress.
Field Performance of Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam) Manufactured from Thin Treated Lamina
Authors: Stirling Rod , Knudson Robert M. , Feng Martin W. , Morris Paul I.
Published: January 2022

Glued Laminated Timber, commonly referred to as Glulam, is an important structural wood product, suitable for use in exterior applications provided it is protected against decay by building design, natural durability, or treatment. Bonding treated lamina made from refractory species is challenging because resurfacing after treatment can remove much of the treated zone and create a waste disposal challenge. It was hypothesized that use of roll-pressing rather than resurfacing could address this. When an adhesive modifier was used to prevent the adverse effects of wood preservatives on adhesive bonding, treated lamina that were replaned before gluing had similar shear strength to untreated planed lamina. However, the treated lamina that were roll-pressed before gluing had lower shear strength than the replaned lamina. The consequence of this weakening was evident in an above-ground field test where delamination was observed in several test units after 12 years of exposure. Decay resistance was evaluated in above-ground, ground contact, and ground proximity tests. The decay resistance of treated glulam was high with only low levels of decay reported in all tests, while untreated controls showed advanced decay or failure. Yellow cedar glulam, included as a reference in the ground proximity test, showed moderate decay after 10 years of exposure.
An Overview of Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head Management
Authors: Sakhrekar Rajendra , Joshi Rajeev , Sanghavi Sahil , Borate Madhav , Sancheti Parag , Shyam Ashok
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The aim of this article is to provide an updated review on most commonly used modalities to treat avscular necrosis of femoral head. A thorough literature
search was performed using predetermined criteria.
Recent Findings: Systematic evaluation for decisions about management demonstrated the following:
(1) Though efficacy is vague and controversial non-operative treatments, pharmacological treatments or core decompression can be used in symptomatic medium-sized pre-collapse lesions.
(2) In spite of known complications to no vascularized bone graft,vascularized bone grafts and osteotomies -medium to larger-sized lesions can be dealt with them
(3) In post-collapse stages, they should be treated with joint preserving techniques, such as hip surfacing, nonvascularized bone graft,vascularized bone grafts
(4) If post-collapse and acetabular involvement ensues, arthroplasty is indicated.
(5) Cell-based and biological forms of treatment in form of bone marrow aspirate, stem cells, BMP have shown inconclusive results, and further research is needed to assess their role in the management of this condition.
Methods: Recent articles were searched on search engines like PubMed, Google Scholar and references of different articles were checked.
Summary: There is a need to overview the management options for avascular necrosis of the femoral head. This review discusses different management modalities available along with their advantages and disadvantages.
Keywords: AVN femoral head, Non-operative treatment, Biophysical management, Operative treatment
Functional Outcomes of Distal Humerus Fractures Fixed by Orthogonal Double Plating
Authors: Sai Kumar P. Manoj , Babu CR Suresh , Anne Sai Laxman
Published: January 2022

Background: Distal humerus fractures constitute 2% of all fractures in the adult population. Surgical intervention is indicated in most cases, and these fractures are often complicated by difficulty in fracture-site exposure, comminution in the metaphyseal or articular region, and the presence of osteoporotic bone. The objective of the study was to assess functional outcome of operative fixation of distal humerus with locking plate and screws
Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective study of 30 patients with distal humerus fractures fixed with orthogonal plating from 2018-2019 in KIMS Hospitals, Kondapur, Hyderabad. Functional outcome was assessed using Mayo Elbow Performance score along with other major and minor complications were noted.
Results: There were 18 male patients and 12 female patients. Average age of the patients was 39.68 years with age ranging from 18 years to 80 years.16 cases were right humerus and 14 were left humerus involved. All cases we operated through trans olecrenon approach and chevron osteotomy technique, fracture stabilised by orthogonal locking compression plate. 6 fractures were C1, 15 were C2 and 9 were C3 types according to AO classification. Complications were noted in 5 patients. 13.3% patients were rated as excellent, 63.3% were rated good, 16.6% were rated as fair, 6.8% were rated as poor according to Mayo Elbow Performance Scoring.
Conclusion: Orthogonal dual plate configurations can provide anatomical reconstruction and stable fixation of Type C intra articular distal humeral fractures and allow early mobilization of the elbow after surgery which result in good functional outcome
Keywords: Distal humerus fractures, Trans Olecrenon, Chevron Osteotomy, MEP score.
Digital Emulation of Time-Varying PMD for Real-Time DSP Evaluations
Authors: Kan Haorui , Zhou Hong , Börjeson Erik , Karlsson Magnus , Larsson-Edefors Per
Published: January 2022

We introduce a digital PMD emulator to accelerate BER analysis of coherent receiver DSPs. The emulator creates parameterizable, time-varying impairments, which we use to demonstrate real-time analysis of a CMA equalizer.
Up to 240Gbaud Single Sideband Signal Transmission with the Sub-Sampling Technique
Authors: Chen Xinyu , Zhang Lei , Fang Xiansong , Yang Fan , Zhang Fan
Published: January 2022

We experimentally demonstrate a 240Gbaud SSB OOK transmitter with 120GSa/s DAC and achieve a BER below 20% HD-FEC threshold. The sub-sampling rate is 0.5 by applying PR narrowing and a digital anti-aliasing brick-wall filter.
Simplified Short-Blocklength Variable-to-Fixed Distribution Matching for Probabilistic Shaping
Authors: Dong Shuangyu , Xu Zhaopeng , Ji Honglin , Zhu Jingge , Shieh William
Published: January 2022

A simplified short-blocklength variable-to-fixed distribution matching algorithm is proposed for probabilistic shaping. Compared with the original V2F DMLP method, the computational cost is reduced to 0.41 operations per bit, which is 15 times less.
Low-Complexity Carrier Phase Estimation for Probabilistically Shaped MQAM Signals based on Kullback- Leibler Divergence Analysis with Squared Symbols
Authors: Yan Qifeng , Xia Yu , Zhou Yujun , Zhang Peishan , Hong Xuezhi
Published: January 2022

A low-complexity phase estimation algorithm based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence analysis with squared symbols is proposed for probabilistically shaped M-QAM signals. Results show that it offers better performance than the principal component analysis based one.
Tuning Thermal Coefficient of Delay of Photonic-Bandgap Hollow-Core Fiber by Surface-Mode Coupling
Authors: Yu Fei , Wang Yazhou , Li Zhengran , Hu Lili , Knight Jonathan
Published: January 2022

We numerically demonstrate that surface modes play an important role in the tuning of temperature dependent group delay of PBG-HCF, with the thermal coefficient of delay tuned from -400 ps/km/K to 400 ps/km/K.
Large Mode Area Fibers with High Birefringence Induced by Internal Nanostructuring of the Core
Authors: Buczynski Ryszard , Michalik Damian , Anuszkiewicz Alicja , Filipkowski Adam , Stepniewski Grzegorz , Pysz Dariusz , Kujawa Ireneusz , Kasztelanic Rafal
Published: January 2022

We study a new concept of polarization maintaining for large mode area silica glass fibers, where artificially anisotropic glass is used to form a core of the fiber. The fiber core is composed of interleaved subwavelength layers of high and low refractive index glasses. We obtained phase birefringence of 1.92×10−4 for the single mode fiber with the core diameter of 30 μm and the effective mode area equal to 573 μm2 and 804 μm2, for x- and y-polarization, respectively.
Experimental Demonstration of a Compact Variable Single-Mode Fiber Coupler Based on Microfiber
Authors: Shao Luqing , Xu Yingxin , Wu Hao , Fang Wei , Tong Limin
Published: January 2022

A compact variable fiber coupler consisting of two identical microfibers is demonstrated. By twisting microfibers, the coupling ratio varies from 3.15% to 98.5% due to the change of evanescent field interaction length.
Experimental Demonstration of Free-Space Orbital-Angular-Momentum Mode-Group Multiplexing under Atmosphere Turbulence
Authors: Wang Andong , Zhu Long , Lu Bing , Deng Mingliang , Guo Xiaojin
Published: January 2022

We experimentally utilize transmitter mode diversity in a free-space 144 Gbit/s orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) mode-group multiplexed link, which can improve the received power and BER performance under atmosphere turbulence.
Subwavelength-structure-assisted multimode add-drop multiplexer
Authors: Yi Xiaolin , Zhao Weike , Li Chenlei , Ye Chaochao , Dai Daoxin
Published: January 2022

A novel subwavelength-structure-assisted multimode add-drop multiplexer is proposed and demonstrated to enable the adding/dropping of any mode-channels from the multimode bus waveguide in a multimode-division-multiplexing system.
Photonic Integrated Chips for THz Beam Steering
Authors: Lu Peng , Haddad Thomas , Tebart Jonas , Stöhr Andreas
Published: January 2022

For future mobile THz applications, steerable high gain antennas are required to compensate for the high free-space path-loss and to support mobility. This invited talk will discuss THz beam steering technologies using photonic integrated chips.
Experimental Validation of QoT Computation in Mixed 10G/100G Networks
Authors: Virgillito Emanuele , Straullu Stefano , Castoldi Andrea , Bovio Andrea , Rodriguez Fransisco M. , Bratovich Rudi , Pastorelli Rosanna , Curri Vittorio
Published: January 2022

We validate experimentally a quality-of-transmission estimator of the non-linear impairment on coherent 100G channels propagating with 10G channels on dispersion-managed links for network planning and path computation. Presented estimations are conservative, spectrally and spatially disaggregated.
Synchronization of two microwave oscillators based on an MLL-based microwave photonic phase detector
Authors: Shao Kunlin , Zhang Yamei , Pan Shilong
Published: January 2022

A microwave photonic phase detector to synchronize two RF signals to a single mode locked laser is proposed and demonstrated. Two RF signals with frequencies of 8.058 GHz and 8.364 GHz are synchronized.
All Optical Nonlinear Activation Function Based on Ge/Si Hybrid Micro-Ring Resonator
Authors: Wu Bo , Li Hengkang , Dong jianji , Zhang Xinliang
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate an all optical nonlinear activation function device based on Ge/Si hybrid micro-ring resonator. Three different types of nonlinear function are realized with threshold below 1mW and they can work well beyond 5MHz.
Photonic Lanterns: beyond optical communications
Authors: Leon-Saval Sergio G.
Published: January 2022

Photonic lanterns are low-loss mode convertors easily integrated with current optical fiber technologies. The technology has become a platform for remarkable new innovations and applications beyond optical communications.
OAM Mode Division Multiplexing Based IM/DD Transmission With CNN Equalizer
Authors: Wang Fei , Gao Ran , Chang Huan , Cui Yi , Li Zhipei , Zhou Sitong , Zhang Qi , Tian Feng , Tian Qinghua , Wang Yongjun , Yang Leijing , Xin Xiangjun
Published: January 2022

We propose a Convolutional Neural Network as the nonlinear equalizer in the orbital- angular-momentum transmission system with intensity modulation and direct detection. 3dB and 1.5dB benefits in two-mode groups are achieved compared with the Volterra equalizer.
Simultaneous Characterization of Polarization Skews and Electrical Channel Skews in Optical Coherent Transceivers
Authors: Ng Wing Chau , Wang Yongfu , Tang Xuefeng , Zhang Zhuhong , Li Chuandong
Published: January 2022

An accurate calibration algorithm is proposed to simultaneously measure polarization and arbitrary electrical channel skews at transmitter and receiver. Experiment shows its robustness to polarization rotation, with ±0.6 ps error over 30 ps range.
8×8 Microring Optical Switch on a Dual-layer Si3N4-on-SOI Platform
Authors: Li Xin , Gao Wei , Lu Liangjun , Chen Jianping , Zhou Linjie
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate an 8x8 microring switch based on a dual-layer Si3N4-on-SOI platform. Experimental results show the chip has a fiber-to-fiber insertion loss < 9.23 dB, crosstalk < -22.5 dB and optical bandwidth of 70 GHz.
Optical Fiber-generated Vector Beams for BGO-Crystal based Magnetic Field Sensing
Authors: Wang Pengchong , Xiang Lina , Gu Yunzhe , Shang Yana , Zhang Liang , Wei Heming , Pang Fufei
Published: January 2022

We demonstrated magnetic field sensing based on the magneto-optic effect of optical fiber-generated vector beams in BGO crystal. A sensitivity of 9.1%/T is obtained by utilizing a slit and optical power measurement.
Splice Loss Characterization of High Order OAM Modes in Ring-Core Fibers
Authors: Huang Cong , Liu Junyi , Liu Jie , Yu Siyuan
Published: January 2022

The fusion splice loss characteristics based on Rayleigh back-scattering in a ring-core fiber are experimentally demonstrated. The tolerance of the ring core fiber towards fusion splice loss is similar to that of few mode fibers.
Failure Location and Prediction With Cross-Layer AI in Self-Optimized Optical Networks (SOON)
Authors: Zhao Yongli , Tian Ke , Wang Ying , Zhang Bing , Li Zhuotong , Zhao Zipiao , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2022

Failure location and prediction are always important issues in optical transport networks, which can be resolved by cross-layer AI proposed in self-optimized optical networks. Some related works and experiment results have been given in this paper.
Predictive Uncertainty Aware Active Learning for Regression-based QoT Estimation in Optical Networks
Authors: Li Zheng , Gu Zhiqun , Zhang Jiawei , Zhou Yuhang , Ji Yuefeng
Published: January 2022

We propose an active learning strategy for regression-model-based QoT estimation to achieve higher accuracy with fewer samples. Results show that our strategy decreases 35.8% MSE on average than traditional method with the restricted sample size.
Tb/s Transmission in Sustainable and Flexible Metro Networks using Long-Wavelength VCSELs
Authors: Boffi Pierpaolo , Parolari Paola , Gatto Alberto , Rapisarda M. , Lipparini F. , Moreolo Michela Svaluto , Fabrega Josep Maria , Neumeyr Christian , Delrosso Giovanni , Puttnam Ben , Severi Massimiliano , Parladori Giorgio
Published: January 2022

Tb/s transmission for future metropolitan networks is demonstrated thanks to an innovative photonic cost-effective and energy-efficient transmitter module integrating multiple directly modulated long-wavelength InP VCSELs targeting more than 50-Gb/s per channel, together with multi-core fiber propagation.
Relative Humidity Sensor Based on Graphene Oxide-coated D-shaped Fiber and Polarimetric Heterodyning Demodulation
Authors: Guo Kuikui , He Jun , Wang Yiping
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate a polarimetric fiber laser system for relative humidity (RH) sensing based on the beat frequency demodulation. The RH sensor probe was fabricated by the graphene oxide-coated D-shaped fiber. The experimental results show that a sensitivity of 34.7 kHz/RH% can be obtained in a RH range of 30%-98%. With such high performance, it can be used in widespread potential fields, such as biology, chemical processing and food processing.
Flexible Visible Light Communication Based on Probabilistic Constellation Shaping and Orthogonal Superposition Modulation
Authors: Jin Ruizhe , Zhou Zhanhong , Zhao Yiheng , Xing Sizhe , Hu Fangchen , Zhang Junwen , Chi Nan
Published: January 2022

A flexible visible light communication system based on probabilistic constellation shaping and orthogonal superposition modulation is proposed and demonstrated. Compared with non-PCS solution, it has a maximum 49% capacity improvement and achieves 3.34Gbps CoMP net-data-rate.
Hybrid 2D Beam Steering for Solid-state TOF Lidar
Authors: Li Chao , Wu Kan , Cao Xianyi , Zhang Guangjin , Li Xinwan , Chen Jianping
Published: January 2022

We present a solid-state light detection and ranging system with a hybrid beam-steering technology. A blind zone-suppressed TOF Lidar is demonstrated with a field of view of 0.9°×8.1° and a resolution point of 192.
The Second Order Harmonic Optoelectronic Mixing in Modified Uni-traveling Carrier Photodetector
Authors: Yang Dan , Huang Yongqing , Duan Xiaofeng , Liu Kai , Yang Yisu , Ren Xiaomin
Published: January 2022

Optoelectronic mixing of 3 GHz optical signal with 60 MHz RF signal in a modified uni-traveling carrier photodetector is studied experimentally. The second-order harmonic optoelectronic mixing products were obtained and the mechanism was demonstrated.
Three-dimensional super-resolution microscopy in thicker specimens using adaptive optics
Authors: Booth Martin J
Published: January 2022

Adaptive optics facilitates super-resolution microscopy in thicker specimens by compensating aberrations arising from refractive index variations. We show imaging results from advanced super-resolution systems, including structured illumination, 4pi single molecule and 4pi isoSTED microscopes.
Packaged Microbottle Resonator for Flow Rate Sensing
Authors: Chen Yiqi , Wang Zijie , Xie Yan , Yang Yong , Zhang Qi , Zhang Xiaobei , Wang Tingyun
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate a flow rate sensor with high sensitivity by a packaged microbottle resonator, and the maximum flow rate sensitivity of 0.285 pm/(m/s) is achieved by analyzing different resonant modes.
Training Sequence based Cycle Slip Suppression for FTN-16QAM Coherent Optical Systems
Authors: Qin Yingkai , Yang Tao , Wang Yongben , Wang Weiming , Zhou Weiqin , Zhang Liangjun , Chen Xue , You Jialin
Published: January 2022

A carrier phase estimation algorithm based on training sequence is proposed for FTN-PM-16QAM system. The simulation results show that it could suppress cycle slips and exhibit a linewidth tolerance of 2.2MHz @BER=2E-2 with 0.39% overhead.
Low-cost WDM Wavelength Channel Optical Power Monitoring based on PAM4 Optical Labels
Authors: Wang Jiao , Yang Tao , Shi Sheping , Du Jinhao , Liu Zhengyu
Published: January 2022

A low-cost WDM wavelength channel optical power monitoring scheme based on PAM4 optical label signal is proposed. Accurate power monitoring of whole channels can be realized economically.
High-repetition-rate optical pulses generation using a phase-modulator-based optoelectronic oscillator
Authors: He Ruifeng , Yan Juanjuan
Published: January 2022

An optical pulse generator based on an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) using a phase-modulator is demonstrated. Optical pulses with a full width at half maximum of 7.34 ps at 10 GHz repetition rate are generated.
Quantization Noise Mitigating Based on Modified Nonuniform Quantization in Learned Digital Backpropagation
Authors: Yang Xiangyu , Tang Du , Wu Zhen , Qiao Yaojun
Published: January 2022

A nonuniform quantization method based on A-law compression is proposed to mitigate quantization noise of learned digital backpropagation. The Effective SNR of nonuniform quantization is improved about 0.41 dB over uniform quantization under 8-bit quantization.
Digital Mobile Fronthaul Based on Noise-Coupling MASH Delta-Sigma Modulator with Enhanced Noise-Shaping
Authors: Tan Wenqin , Luo Zhibin , Wang Wei , Wang Xiaowu , Li Fan
Published: January 2022

A digital mobile fronthaul based on noise-coupling MASH delta-sigma modulator enabling carrier aggregation is simulated, the EVM floor is 0.4%, and 1.5-dB receiver sensitivity improvement is achieved compared with the conventional MASH structure.
Bias Control of the Nested Six MZ Modulators in a Two-Channel OTDM Transmitter Using Single Frequency Tone and Single Photodiode Monitor
Authors: Huang Zhihui , Pan Jingshun , Yi Xingwen , Li Fan
Published: January 2022

We discuss the bias control of the nested six MZ modulators in a two-channel OTDM transmitter. Using two frequency tones as probe and single photodiode as monitor, all of the bias conditions can be correctly set.
Attention Mechanism Based Multi-Channel QoT Estimation in Optical Networks
Authors: Zhou Yuhang , Gu Zhiqun , Zhang Jiawei , Ji Yuefeng
Published: January 2022

We proposed an attention mechanism based multi-channel QoT estimator for precise QoT estimation. Results show that our scheme decreases 49.71% and 56.10% MSE on average in Jnet and NSFnet than classic ANN-based QoT estimator respectively.
Reducing Concurrent Traffic Request Routing Conflict in Satellite Optical Networks
Authors: Li Lin , He Xinyi , Wang Hua , Wang Wei , Zhao Yongli , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2022

A reducing routing conflict algorithm is proposed to solve the conflicts of route construction caused by high concurrency in the low-orbit satellite optical networks. Transmission delay of this algorithm is close to shortest path algorithm, and transmission success rate and bandwidth utilization are close to the maximum bandwidth algorithm.
An Upstream Latency Optimization Scheme for TDM-PON Fronthaul Network based on Double Polling Mechanism
Authors: Xu Zhiwei , Li Jun , Xi Yu , Lv Yunxin , Bi Meihua
Published: January 2022

We present a latency optimization scheme based on double polling mechanism for TDM-PON fronthaul network. And by conducting the simulation, its feasibility is manifested.
Efficient Mid-Infrared Dispersive Wave emission in LiNbO3 Waveguides Using a weak CW trigger
Authors: Ye Feng , Huang Jiayao , Li Qian
Published: January 2022

We numerically propose a low-consumption scheme to enhance the mid-infrared dispersive wave by adding a weak CW trigger, and the optimal CW-triggering wavelength is ascertained to be half modulation instability gain bandwidth.
Switchable perfect soliton crystal microcombs based on controllable mode coupling
Authors: Wu Zhonghan , Gao Yiran , Zhang Tian , Dai Jian , Xu Kun
Published: January 2022

A dual-coupled microresonator structure is proposed to change the repetition rage of soliton crystal microcombs. Numerical model based on coupled mode equations indicates that bidirectional switching can be realized in the presence of parametric gain.
High-performance thermo-optically tuned multi-channel interference widely tunable laser in TOSA package
Authors: Wang Kuankuan , Chen Zifeng , Chen Quanan , Jiang Chun , Lu Qiaoyin , Lu Mingzhi , Guo Weihua
Published: January 2022

High-performance thermal-optically tuned multi-channel interference widely tunable laser in TOSA package was demonstrated with the tuning range covering the C++ band, and the Lorentzian linewidth being less than 100 kHz.
Dual-wavelength all-fiber erbium-doped laser based on few-mode tilted fiber Bragg grating for torsion sensor
Authors: Yuan Shuomin , Cui Bingnan , Jia Sumei , Liang Shuo , Liang Lili , Yang Kang
Published: January 2022

Torsion sensor based on dual-wavelength laser is proposed. By analyzing the laser intensity difference of two wavelengths in 1550.95 nm and 1552.53 nm, the sensitivity of 3.53 dB/(rad/m) from -1.99rad/m to 2.65 rad/m is achieved.
EIT-like phenomena in quadratically coupled optomechanical cavities for optical information storage
Authors: Luo Yang , Chen Zhenmin , Li Qian , Fu H. Y.
Published: January 2022

We theoretically investigated the EIT-like phenomena in a quadratically coupled cavity. On this basis, we show that the light pulse can be stopped and stored with a pulse bandwidth compression process.
Artificial Synaptic Devices with Photoelectric Properties Based on Ionic Gel and Graphene
Authors: Liu Shilin , Su Jiale , Li Mengyuan , He Xiaoying , Rao Lan , Li Chong , Zhang Qi , Xin Xiangjun
Published: January 2022

An artificial synaptic transistor device based on ionic gel and graphene has been proposed. The channel carrier concentration is regulated by the stimulation of applied voltage pulse, and the essential synaptic functions are demonstrated.
Orbital Angular Momentum Multiplexer Based on the Inverse Designed Multi-plane Light Conversion
Authors: Hu Jingbo , Fang Juncheng , Li Jinpei , Lei Ting , Yuan Xiaocong
Published: January 2022

We design a orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexer based on the inverse designed multi-plane light conversion. We demonstrate the OAM beams from -4 to 4 orders multiplexing/demultiplexing by using the spatial light modulator.
Broadband Mode Converter Based on Over-Coupled Long- Period Fiber Grating
Authors: Ma Yuehui , Jiang Chen , Liu Zuyao , Liu Yunqi
Published: January 2022

We proposed broadband mode converters based on over-coupled long-period fiber gratings (LPFG) inscribed in few-mode fiber using CO2-laser. The 10-dB bandwidth of the over-coupled LPFG is ~116.8 nm, which is 2.93 times than conventional LPFG.
Ultra-low Loss and Broadband Silicon Photonics 1×2 Multimode Interference Splitter Based on Topology Optimization
Authors: Lu Youxi , Wu Beibei , Jiang Ping , Zhao Heng , Cao Rui , Liu Zuwen , Feng Junbo , Jin Li
Published: January 2022

An ultra-low loss and broadband silicon 1×2 splitter was designed by topology optimization method with a minimum measured insertion loss of 0.03 dB at 1550 nm wavelength and broad operating wavelength range of 1500-1600 nm.
Scalability and Fabrication Tolerance Analysis of Reconfigurable Unitary Optical Converter
Authors: Zhu Wenyu , Zhang Wenjia , Ye Xin , He Zuyuan
Published: January 2022

We carry out numerical analysis and physical simulation of scalability and fabrication tolerance for programmable unitary converter, verifying that MSE of around - 20 dB can be achieved for matrix order of 20 and phase-shifter stage of 11 with tolerant fabrication errors.
Thermal Tuning Algorithm of a Single Microring Resonator Based on Neural Network
Authors: He Xiangyu , Hou Weigang , Qiu Weijie , Yu Sijing , Guo Pengxing , Guo Lei
Published: January 2022

We propose a thermal tuning algorithm of a Single Microring Resonator (SMR) based on Neural Network (NN) to quickly control the heater voltage to compensate the resonant wavelength shift with a satisfied accuracy.
Structured Light Field Customization System through Simultaneous Control of Piston and Tip/tilt Distortions
Authors: Chang Qi , Hou Tianyue , Long Jinhu , Ma Pengfei , Su Rongtao , Zhou Pu
Published: January 2022

A structured light field customization system is proposed in coherent fiber laser array through tip/tilt and piston phase control. The simulations have demonstrated that the effectiveness of this system on complex optical field.
Flat-Top Passband Optical Filters on Lithium Niobate on Insulator (LNOI)
Authors: Tan Heyun , Li Hao , Zhu Yuntao , Cai Xinlun
Published: January 2022

We simulate and fabricate multi-phase-shifted Bragg gratings to realize flat-top passband filters on LNOI. The 1dB-bandwidth of the fabricated devices is 0.16 ~ 2.49 nm while the maximum extinction ratio is ~ 30 dB.
Ultrafast and energy-efficient electro-optic modulation based on a hybrid silicon/In2O3 cavity
Authors: Huang Yishu , Pan Bingcheng , Song Lijia , Yu Zejie , Dai Daoxin
Published: January 2022

A high-performance hybrid silicon/In2O3 modulator is proposed, exhibiting a modulation bandwidth of >120 GHz, an excess loss of 3.9 dB, an extinction ratio of 14.9 dB in theory. The minimum energy consumption is about 2.5 fJ/bit.
Multimode Waveguide Grating Couplers for Mode Division Multiplexing in Multi-mode fibers
Authors: Zhou Xuetong , Tsang Hon Ki
Published: January 2022

We describe a novel and highly efficient multimode waveguide grating coupler which can simultaneously and selectively launch three mode channels (LP01, LP11 and LP12) in a graded-index multi-mode fiber (MMF).
All-fiber Resonance Wavelength Tunable MDM Transmission Network Based on the FBGs and Broadband LPFGs
Authors: Wang Xiaoqian , Zhang Hu , Li Qiankun , Zhang Xiaoguang , Xi Lixia
Published: January 2022

All-fiber resonance wavelength tunable MDM transmission based on the FBGs and broadband LPFGs is proposed. The MDM network could provide high mode conversion efficiency and low coupling crosstalk for generated vector modes over C+L band.
Inverse Design of a CMOS-compatible dual-mode 3 dB power splitter at O-band
Authors: Fu Xin , Yang Shanglin , Niu Jiaqi , Zhang Gaolu , Yang Lin
Published: January 2022

We propose a compact dual-mode 3 dB power splitter at O-band which is compatible with CMOS process. Gradient-based inverse design with level set method is utilized to optimize the device.
Aspheric and Spherical Concave Micro-mirror for Vertical Optical Coupling
Authors: Zhang Fang , Deng Chuanlu , Huang Yi , Zhang Ruhuan , Zhang Xiaobei , Wang Tingyun
Published: January 2022

The aspheric and spherical concave micro-mirrors are designed by ray-tracing simulation at the end of a rectangular polymer waveguide for vertical coupling. The results indicate that the loss of hyperboloidal micro-mirror is 0.8 dB.
Low Timing Jitter (58 fs) 20-GHz Hybrid Mode-Locked Lasers Diodes
Authors: Yang Qiulu , Wang Huan , Zhang Ruikang , Lu Dan , Zhao Lingjuan
Published: January 2022

We report a hybrid mode-locked AlGaInAs/InP semiconductor laser with a repetition frequency of 20 GHz, transform-limited pulse width of 1.9 ps, and timing jitter of 58 fs (integrated from 1 kHz to 10 MHz).
Broadband, Filterless Microwave Photonic Image-reject Mixer Based on Balanced Photodetectors
Authors: Liu Sijia , Wang Xin , Zhu Decai , Wei Yongfeng , Fan Daoerji , Gong Caili
Published: January 2022

A filterless microwave photonic image-reject mixer based on balanced photodetectors is proposed. The results show that spur suppression ratio is above 63.9dB from 10 to 40GHz and maximum image rejection ratio is 54.4dB.
Laser Stripe Centerline Extraction with Large Width Variation
Authors: Chen Yu , Zhou Yue
Published: January 2022

In this paper, an algorithm for extracting the center of the light stripe is proposed, which can adapt to various width changes. The algorithm obtains the initial center of the light stripe based on skeleton refinement, and then obtains the light stripe of nearly equal width by Bazen method. Finally, the Steger algorithm is used to extract the light stripe accurately.
Design of a dual-wavelength photoelectric test system for intraoperative accurate identification of ureter
Authors: Linlin Fan , Jinlong Zhang
Published: January 2022

Aiming at the problem of misjudgment of the ureter in the operation, a dual-wavelength photoelectric test system based on Lambert-Beer law and Monte Carlo method was designed to accurately identify the ureter.
Anisotropic Edge Enhancement Based on an Exponential Phase Airy Spiral Phase Filter
Authors: Wang Yutao , Wang Yongjun , Li Chao , Liu Jingwen
Published: January 2022

An anisotropic Airy spiral phase filter with exponential phase is proposed. The simulation results prove that the proposed filter achieves higher-contrast edge enhancement with controllable direction and range of enhancement.
Hierarchical Min-Sum Algorithm Based on Dynamic Scaling Factor for LDPC Decoding
Authors: Wang Ruotong , Tian Qinghua , Jing Zexuan , Guo Dong , Tian Feng , Yang Leijing , Xin Xiangju
Published: January 2022

In roder to adjust the log-likelihood ratios (LLRs), we design a hierarchical min-sum algorithm based on dynamic scaling factor (DSF-HMS). The results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the decoding performance.
Dynamic Traffic Grooming with Link Optimizing in Elastic Optical Networks
Authors: Zhao Yi , Zhang Qi , Tao Ying , Liu QingYuan , Chen Dong , Qian Jinxi , Tian Feng , Tian Qinghua , Yang Mai
Published: January 2022

The dynamic traffic grooming with link optimizing algorithm considering the degree of fragmentation increasing is proposed for elastic optical networks. Simulation results shows that this method can reduce blocking rate and improve spectrum resource utilization.
Over 3.5dB Receiver Sensitivity Improvement with Twisted-PAM8 in Short-reach Applications
Authors: Wu Jiahao , Zhu Yixiao , Li Jiaji , Chen Xi , Hu Weisheng
Published: January 2022

We propose the twisted-PAM8 modulation scheme with enlarged minimum Euclidean distance for short-reach IM-DD applications. Up to 4.3dB and 1.4dB receiver sensitivity improvement are experimentally demonstrated with 16GBaud T-PAM8 at BTB and after 10km transmission, respectively.
Accurate chromatic dispersion estimation for Nyquist and Faster Than Nyquist Coherent Optical Systems
Authors: Wang Yongben , Liang Junpeng , Zhou Weiqin , Wang Weiming
Published: January 2022

We propose an accurate blind chromatic dispersion (CD) estimation method for single-carrier coherent optical communication systems. The method can work well even in faster than Nyquist (FTN) system in presence of polarization-mode dispersion.
End-to-end Learning based Bit-wise Autoencoder for Optical OFDM Communication System
Authors: Jiang Wenshan , Xu Tao , Liu Qun , Zhao Xue , Zhang Jing , Yang Qi , Yi Xingwen , Qiu Kun
Published: January 2022

We propose an end-to-end autoencoder for optical OFDM communication system, which is trained based on bit-wise mutual information (BMI). The simulation results show that the autoencoder can optimize the constellations and achieve BER performance improvement.
All-optical carrier recovery for self-homodyne detection using injection locked stimulated Brillouin laser in Silica WGM microcavity
Authors: Liu Boyuan , Zhang Qiang , Han Xinjie , Geng Yong , Qiu Kun , Zhou Heng
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate all-optical carrier recovery using injection locked Brillouin laser in optical microcavity. Via injection locking, phase coherence between the original and recovered carriers is greatly enhanced, enabling high-quality self-homodyne detection without carrier phase estimation.
Low-complexity Frequency and Time Domain Hybrid Learned Digital Backpropagation
Authors: Wu Zhen , Tang Du , Sun Zhongliang , Qiao Yaojun
Published: January 2022

A low-complexity learned digital backpropagation based on frequency and time domain hybrid chromatic dispersion compensation is proposed, which reduces the complexity significantly compared to the existing implementation without sacrificing performance.
Method for Data Editing in Subcarrier Index Modulation Optical Label System
Authors: Zhang Xu , Yang Chao , Luo Ming , Meng Lingheng , Jiang Feng , He Zhixue
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we demonstrate a data editing technology for subcarrier index modulation optical label system. Based on the data processing and signal feedback loop, the label data of each wavelength can be edited independently.
A portable rotational sensor based on the dual-polarization fiber optic gyroscope
Authors: Cao Yuwen , Zhu Lanxin , Zhou Tong , Yang Chunxia , Chen Yanjun , Li Zhengbin
Published: January 2022

A portable rotational sensor based on a modified dual-polarization fiber optic gyroscope is demonstrated, in which the excess relative intensity noise is effectively compensated achieving an enhanced sensitivity of

70
nrad/s/

Hz

in a 2-km-long fiber coil.
SPM-based Data Format Conversion from one 2ASK/4PSK to two 4PSK Signals with Wavelength Preservation
Authors: Li Qiankun , Zhang Hu , Liu Zhiyang , Fu Songnian
Published: January 2022

An all-optical data format conversion scheme from one 2ASK/4PSK to two 4PSK signals is realized based on SPM effect and vector addition. EVM and BER performance of the signals are evaluated before and after conversion.
Outage Capacity Optimization for Underwater Wireless Optical Links With Pointing Errors
Authors: Du Sen , Yang Fan , Zhang Shi , Cheng Julian , Dong Yuhan
Published: January 2022

Symmetric linear light source arrays are proposed to improve the outage performance caused by the link misalignment of underwater wireless optical communication systems. Optimal power allocation is also proposed to optimize their outage performance.
Demonstration of Bidirectional Symmetric 100-Gb/s/λ Coherent PON Using a Simplified ONU Transceiver
Authors: Li Xiang , Faruk Md. Saifuddin , Savory Seb J.
Published: January 2022

A bidirectional symmetric 100-Gb/s/λ coherent PON with a simplified ONU transceiver is experimentally demonstrated. With only 3-dBm LO power at the ONU side, >30-dB power budget is achieved for both upstream and downstream with 50-km reach.
Performance Enhanced Gerchberg-Saxton Algorithm Based Electrical Dispersion Pre-compensation for Intensity-Modulation and Direct-Detection System
Authors: Zou Dongdong , Wang Wei , Yin Mingzhu , Sui Qi , Li Zhaohui , Li Fan
Published: January 2022

A performance enhanced Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm based dispersion pre-compensation scheme is proposed for IM-DD system. The simulation results show that 56-GBaud PAM-4 signal is successfully transmitted over 400-km SMF in C-band enabled by the proposed scheme.
EML-Based IM/DD Transmission over Dispersion-Uncompensated Links Using Low-Complexity Optimized Detection
Authors: Liu Shuangyue , Cui Han , Tang Xizi , Lu Yueming , Qiao Yaojun
Published: January 2022

We experimentally demonstrate an EML-based 40-Gbit/s OOK IM/DD trans-mission over 120-km SSMF using a low-complexity optimized detection algorithm, which requires no multiplication during the update of survival path, simultaneously showing its superiority against chromatic dispersion.
Enhanced Nonlinear Wavelength Conversion in Silicon Photonic Waveguides Beyond the Singlemode Regime
Authors: Ding Mingfei , Yu Zejie , Dai Daoxin
Published: January 2022

Nonlinear light-matter interaction is demonstrated with ultralow-loss silicon-on- insulator photonic waveguides beyond the single-mode regime. Significant enhancement of nonlinear photonic effects is observed with a pump power of 15 dBm.