bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Mg(OH)2/γ-Al2O3 Catalysts on Catalytic Cracking Process
Authors: Rasyid Rismawati , Wiyani Lastri , Ramadhan Alif Qayyum , Ahmad Muhammad Aslam
Published: December 2024

Petroleum is one of the energy sources that currently has very wide uses. In addition to the fact that petroleum is a non-renewable resource, the use of fuel oil has also affected emission levels. Biofuel is an alternative fuel in solid, liquid or gas form that can be obtained from animals, plants, or agricultural waste. The process of making biofuel can be done by several methods, namely by thermal cracking, hydrocracking, and catalytic cracking. Thermal cracking is a simple process where heat is used to cut long hydrocarbon chains. Catalytic cracking is the process of breaking hydrocarbon chains using a catalyst. This study aims to determine the effect of Mg(OH)2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst (2 and 6)% and to determine the effect of the ratio of Mg(OH)2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst (1, 2, 3 and 4)% on the yield and selectivity of biofuel products from catalytic cracking of palm oil. The process of making biofuel through catalytic cracking process using Mg(OH)2/ γ –Al2O3 catalyst as much as 1% of the volume of material with a temperature of 370℃ on a hotplate magnetic stirrer and reactor for ±3 hours. The biofuel results were analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry (GCMS). The highest biogasoline was obtained using Mg(OH)2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst 2% with a ratio of 2% which was 16.6%. While the highest biodiesel was obtained using Mg(OH)2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst 6% with a ratio of 2% which was 42.7%.
Pre-Treatment of Empty Oil Palm Bunches (EOPB) Using Autoclave with Variations in H2SO4 Solvent Concentration to Increase Cellulose Content
Authors: Ganing Melani , Suleman Annisa Inayah , Putri Suriati Eka , Diana Sri , Syafaatullah Achmad Qodim
Published: December 2024

Empty Oil Palm Bunches (EOPB) are waste products from palm oil mills, the waste is produced in large quantities, but most palm oil mills have not utilized this waste product adequately. There are several contents of EOPB, namely cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, each of which has economic value so that it can be utilized further. One significant opportunity is that cellulose in EOPB will be converted into glucose or bioethanol. Bioethanol is one of the options in supporting the availability of renewable energy resources. The bioethanol production process consists of initial pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation and purification. The delignification process of Empty Oil Palm Bunches (EOPB) using physical and chemical pretreatment can break down lignin and hemicellulose so that cellulose can be converted into glucose in bioethanol production. The pretreatment procedure with H2SO4 solvent is used to increase cellulose content. The purpose of this study was to determine how different concentrations of H2SO4 affect the amount of cellulose in the EOPB pretreatment process. Additional studies on bioethanol can be done with this cellulose content. There is an experimental component in this study, namely through direct observation and testing of materials containing different concentrations of H2SO4, namely 3%, 5%, and 7%, data were collected through laboratory experiments. The cellulose content for 0% H2SO4 concentration was 16.15%, 3% H2SO4 was 30.00%, 5% H2SO4 was 36.35%, and 7% H2SO4 was 41.09% indicating that the H2SO4 solvent can increase the cellulose content.
Evolution of myeloproliferative neoplasms from normal blood stem cells
Authors: Hormoz Sahand , Sankaran Vijay G. , Mullally Ann
Published: December 2024

Over the course of the last decade, genomic studies in the context of normal human hematopoiesis have provided new insights into the early pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). A preclinical phase of MPN, termed clonal hematopoiesis (CH) was identified and subsequent lineage tracing studies revealed a multi-decade long time interval from acquisition of an MPN phenotypic driver mutation in a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) to the development of overt MPN. Multiple germline variants associated with MPN risk have been identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and in some cases functional interrogation of the impact of the variant has uncovered new insights into HSC biology and MPN development. Increasingly sophisticated methods to study clonal contributions to human hematopoiesis and measure HSC fitness have helped discern the biology underlying the tremendous clinical heterogeneity observed in MPN. Despite these advances, significant knowledge gaps remain particularly with respect to germline genetic contributors to both MPN pathogenesis and phenotypic diversity, as well as limitations in the ability to prospectively quantify rates of clonal expansion in individual MPN patients. Ultimately, we envisage a personalized approach to MPN care in the future, where an individualized genetic assessment can predict MPN trajectory and this information will be used to inform and guide therapy. MPN is particularly amenable to precision medicine strategies and our increased understanding of the evolution of MPN from normal blood stem cells provides a unique opportunity for early therapeutic intervention approaches and potentially MPN prevention strategies.
La tecnología digital ayuda, pero no es suficiente: la importancia de una estrategia eficaz de comunicación
Authors: Gándara Vázquez Manuel
Published: December 2024

Se argumenta que el uso de las tecnologías digitales en la educación patrimonial, por sí mismas, no son suficientes para provocar una comprensión profunda y generar una cultura de conservación en la ciudadanía: se requiere que su uso esté orientado por una estrategia eficaz de comunicación para la educación patrimonial; se ejemplifica el argumento con una visita virtual para el yacimiento arqueológico de Xochicalco, en el Estado de Morelos, México. Se discuten además factores como la accesibilidad a la tecnología, su costo total y la usablidad, que impactan en la eficacia de los medios digitales.
Reflexiones sobre las casas museo y su vínculo con la educación patrimonial y la tecnología
Authors: Pérez Mateo Soledad
Published: December 2024

Contribución al debate de revista PH 114
Kebijakan Indonesia Menjadi Anggota Financial Action Task Force (FATF) Sebagai Kebijakan yang Rasional
Authors: Arifin Khilda Luqyana , Rahmadan Yanuar
Published: December 2024

Indonesia's full membership in the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) occurred at the end of the FATF Plenary Session on October 27, 2023, in Paris, France. Indonesia's acceptance as the 40th member of the FATF results from a long road traveled over the years and is an international recognition of Indonesia's efforts in combating money laundering and terrorism financing. FATF is an important forum for Indonesia to be understood as a safe investment country and a supporting factor for the standard context of countries in establishing business relations with the international community. This research analyzes Indonesia's interest in becoming a full member of the FATF which can be explained based on national interest theory and rational choice theory using literature-based data collection techniques. Despite the costs of membership and obligations, Indonesia's decision to become a full member of the FATF is considered appropriate because it can improve the integrity of the financial system, strengthen its position in the global economy, and have a positive reputation internationally.Keanggotaan penuh Indonesia di Financial Action Task Force (FATF) terjadi pada akhir Sidang Pleno FATF pada 27 Oktober 2023 di Paris, Prancis. Diterimanya Indonesia sebagai anggota ke-40 FATF merupakan hasil dari jalan panjang yang telah dilalui selama bertahun-tahun dan merupakan pengakuan internasional atas upaya Indonesia dalam memerangi pencucian uang dan pendanaan terorisme. FATF merupakan forum penting agar Indonesia dapat dipahami sebagai negara investasi yang aman dan faktor pendukung untuk standar konteks negara-negara dalam menjalin hubungan bisnis dengan dunia internasional. Penelitian ini menganalisis kepentingan Indonesia untuk menjadi anggota penuh di FATF yang dapat dijelaskan berdasarkan teori kepentingan nasional dan teori pilihan rasional dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berbasis literatur. Meskipun terdapat biaya keanggotan dan kewajiban, keputusan Indonesia menjadi anggota penuh FATF dinilai tepat karena dapat meningkatkan integritas sistem keuangan, memperkuat posisi dalam perekonomian global, dan reputasi positif di dunia internasional.
Tantangan dan Strategi Pencegahan Konflik akibat Intoleransi dan Radikalisme di Era Digital untuk Mewujudkan Keamanan Nasional
Authors: Setiawan Budi , Setiawan Bayu , Hidayat Eri R , Widodo Pujo , Risma Saragih Herlina Juni , Sukendro Achmed
Published: December 2024

The internet and social media have become effective platforms for spreading extremist ideologies, strengthening polarization, and creating “echo chambers” that reinforce radicalism. This research aims to identify the main challenges and formulate strategies to prevent conflicts triggered by intolerance and radicalism in the digital era. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, this research analyzes secondary data from official documents, previous scientific studies, and social media content to understand the patterns of spreading intolerance and radicalism. The results show that the main challenges in conflict prevention include anonymity and accessibility of technology, social media algorithms that support confirmation bias, lack of digital literacy, weak supervision and regulation, and the appeal of radical ideologies. Therefore, a prevention strategy that involves strengthening digital literacy, improving regulations, and collaboration between stakeholders is considered very important in tackling radicalism in cyberspace. Hopefully, the implementation of this comprehensive strategy can realize a more resilient, inclusive and safe society from the influence of radical ideologies in the digital era. This research implies the need for multi-stakeholder collaboration in developing more effective policies to prevent radicalism in the digital era.Internet dan media sosial menjadi sarana efektif bagi penyebaran ideologi ekstrem, memperkuat polarisasi, dan menciptakan "echo chambers" yang memupuk radikalisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tantangan utama dan merumuskan strategi pencegahan konflik akibat intoleransi dan radikalisme di era digital demi mewujudkan keamanan nasional. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus, penelitian ini menganalisis data sekunder dari dokumen resmi dan penelitian terdahulu, serta konten media sosial untuk memahami pola penyebaran intoleransi dan radikalisme. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  anonimitas dan aksesibilitas teknologi, algoritma media sosial yang memperkuat bias konfirmasi, kurangnya literasi digital, pengawasan dan regulasi yang lemah, serta daya tarik ideologi radikal merupakan tantangan utama dalam mencegah konflik akibat intoleransi dan radikalisme di era digital. Oleh karena itu, penguatan regulasi dan literasi digital serta kolaborasi multi-stakeholder dapat menjadi strategi dalam mengurangi radikalisme di dunia maya. Dengan strategi yang komprehensif ini, diharapkan tercipta masyarakat yang lebih tangguh, inklusif, dan aman dari pengaruh ideologi radikal di era digital. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas program literasi digital, dan menganalisis dampak regulasi konten media sosial. Penelitian ini mengimplikasikan perlunya kolaborasi multi-stakeholder dalam menyusun kebijakan yang lebih efektif untuk mencegah radikalisme di era digital
Analisis Pengawasan Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut Terkait Ancaman Keamanan Perbatasan Laut Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud, Filipina
Authors: Putra Satrio Buana , Legowo Yanuar Adi , Sunny Amril Ghaffar , Pratama Sigit Yudha
Published: December 2024

As one of Indonesia's northernmost regencies, Talaud Islands Regency borders directly with the Philippines, facing various security threats. The southern Philippines is known for its terrorism activities and illegal arms trafficking, exacerbating the risks. This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, collecting data through in-depth interviews with relevant agencies in the border region. The findings indicate that Talaud Islands Regency faces threats such as illegal fishing, arms smuggling, and the movement of terrorist and separatist groups from the Philippines. The presence of Indonesian-Filipino descendants increases the risk of illegal entry. Incidents of illegal fishing and arms smuggling underscore the urgency of maritime border surveillance. A significant challenge is the limited naval assets of the Indonesian Navy (TNI AL). Both the Indonesian Navy and the National Intelligence Agency (BIN) play crucial roles in maintaining security and sovereignty at the maritime border. The study recommends enhancing naval assets and fostering inter-agency and international cooperation to improve maritime security.Sebagai kabupaten paling utara Indonesia, Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud berbatasan langsung dengan Filipina dan menghadapi berbagai ancaman keamanan. Lokasi Filipina Selatan yang rawan terorisme dan peredaran senjata ilegal menambah risiko. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif, mengumpulkan data melalui wawancara mendalam dengan instansi terkait di wilayah perbatasan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud menghadapi ancaman seperti illegal fishing, penyelundupan senjata, dan perlintasan kelompok teroris serta separatis Filipina. Kehadiran masyarakat keturunan Indonesia-Filipina meningkatkan risiko masuknya orang secara ilegal. Penangkapan illegal fishing dan penyelundupan senjata menunjukkan pentingnya pengawasan perbatasan laut. Kendala serius adalah minimnya alutsista TNI AL. TNI AL dan BIN memainkan peran penting dalam menjaga keamanan dan kedaulatan di perbatasan laut. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan alutsista dan kerjasama antar instansi serta antar negara untuk meningkatkan pengamanan wilayah laut
REVITALISASI PUSAT OLAHRAGA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KESADARAN MASYARAKAT TENTANG PENTINGNYA KESEHATAN
Authors: Adi Agung Nugroho , Santoso Dwi Budi , Wijaya Anorti Ika , Rahmawati Rahmawati
Published: December 2024

Community welfare can be measured from the level of community health. To create a healthy community, adequate facilities, infrastructure and infrastructure are needed, namely by establishing a sports center. The sports center at Pesanggrahan Pratama Housing has long been neglected due to lack of maintenance. The purpose of this community service program is to revitalize the neglected sports center at Pesanggrahan Pratama Housing so that it can be used properly for sports activities and to socialize the importance of healthy life. The method of implementing community service consists of three stages including preparation, implementation and evaluation. The result of this service is the formation of a sports center with a new face and sports activities of residents can be seen in the morning and evening. Based on the results of the evaluation and monitoring using the Guttman scale, it shows that the revitalized sports center and the socialization of the importance of healthy life have a significant impact on residents. Residents start exercising and living a healthy life. So that this community service program is successful and has a positive and sustainable impact on residents of Pesanggrahan Pratama Housing.
The introduction of targeted treatments for disrupted neurodevelopment: the example of bumetanide and the E/I balance
Authors:   , Sprengers Jan Jos
Published: December 2024

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Can reward drive language learning?
Authors: Krishnan Saloni
Published: December 2024

Struggling readers typically report enjoying reading less, establishing a vicious cycle that limits their opportunities to build word knowledge. Why does this happen, and can this cycle be broken? In this talk, I'll show how reading and language learning tasks can evoke a sense of intrinsic reward, activating reward-processing systems in the brain. This experience of intrinsic reward fuels memory for words. Interestingly, the strongest readers show the most pronounced intrinsic reward responses, suggesting that effort impacts perceived reward. Based on these results, I propose that the intrinsic reward in language learning comes from successfully predicting upcoming information—where confidence in one's learning serves as a powerful reinforcer, even without external feedback. I’ll also explore how gamified extrinsic rewards, such as points or social feedback, could enhance learning, tying our findings to efforts to gamify education.
Triglyceride-glucose index mediates the association between residual cholesterol and stroke among middle-aged and older adults in China: a prospective, nationwide, population-based study
Authors: Li Xu , Hu Jia-Guang , Liao Qian , Wu Ying , Huo Rong-Rui
Published: December 2024

Background

Both triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and residual cholesterol (RC) are predictors of stroke; however, to what extent the RC is associated with stroke through TyG index is unclear. This study examined whether the TyG index mediates the association of RC with incident stroke and the extent of interaction or joint relations of RC and TyG index with stroke in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.

Methods

This is an ongoing prospective cohort study initiated in 2011 that included 10,569 middle-aged and older Chinese adults without stroke at baseline. The exposure was RC, the mediator was TyG index, and the outcome was stroke which followed up from June, 2011, to June, 2018. Mediation analysis was used to explore whether the TyG index mediated the association between RC and stroke risk.

Results

Of the 10,569 participants, 4,978 (47.1%) were men; the mean (SD) age was 59.01 (9.43) years. During a median follow-up of 7.1 years, 734 (7.0%) participants experienced a stroke. In the adjusted Cox models, A one SD increase in RC was associated with an elevated risk of stroke (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02–1.16), as well as TyG index (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.06–1.23). No significant multiplicative or additive interactions were found between the TyG index and RC on stroke risk (HR for multiplicative: 1.07, 95% CI, 0.67–1.70; Synergy index: 1.05, 95% CI, 0.16–6.88). TyG index mediated the association between RC and stroke (b, −0.16; 95% CI, −0.30 to −0.03). Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses showed consistent results.

Conclusions

This study evidence that the TyG index completely mediates the association between RC and stroke risk among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. These findings highlight the importance of considering RC and the TyG index in stroke risk assessment.
Interrelation of pericoronary adipose tissue texture and coronary artery disease of the left coronary artery in cardiac photon-counting computed tomography
Authors: Kahmann Jannik , Nörenberg Dominik , Papavassiliu Theano , Schoenberg Stefan O. , Froelich Matthias F. , Ayx Isabelle
Published: December 2024

Aim

Recent research highlights the role of pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) in coronary artery disease (CAD) development. PCAT has been recognized as a metabolically active tissue involved in local inflammation and oxidative stress, potentially impacting CAD initiation and progression. Radiomics texture analysis shows promising results to better understand the link between PCAT quality and CAD risk. Photon-counting CT (PCCT) offers improved feature stability and holds the potential for advancing radiomics analysis in CAD research.

Methods

In this retrospective, single-center, ethic committee-approved study, PCAT of the left descending artery (LAD) and right coronary artery (RCA) was manually segmented and radiomic features were extracted using pyradiomics. The study population consisted of one group of patients with CAD and plaques exclusively located in the left coronary artery and another group without CAD. Mean and standard deviation were calculated using R Statistics. Random forest feature selection was performed to identify differentiating features between the four sets CAD-LAD, CAD-RCA, non-CAD-LAD and non-CAD-RCA.

Results

36 patients were enrolled in this study (16 female, mean age 56 years). The feature “original_glszm_GrayLevelNonUniformity” measuring the gray-level variability was identified as the most potent differentiator between CAD-LAD and non-CAD-LAD, as well as CAD-RCA and non-CAD-RCA with the greatest differentiating capability for the LAD comparison. The feature showed little differentiating power between CAD-LAD and CAD-RCA and virtually none between non-CAD-LAD and non-CAD-RCA. The mean values were consistently lower in LAD-PCAT and exhibited patient-specific reductions in CAD patients (155.16 for CAD-LAD, 163.21 for non-CAD-LAD, 189.13 for CAD-RCA and 215.40 for non-CAD-RCA).

Conclusion

Radiomics analysis revealed differences in PCAT texture of patients with and without CAD with a potentially more homogeneous pattern in CAD-affected patients. These changes related to plaques in the left coronary artery also seemed to occur in the unaffected RCA-PCAT, although to a slightly lesser extent.
Exploring the impact of deubiquitination on melanoma prognosis through single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Peng Su , Xie Jiaheng , He Xiaohu
Published: December 2024

Background

Cutaneous melanoma, characterized by the malignant proliferation of melanocytes, exhibits high invasiveness and metastatic potential. Thus, identifying novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets is essential.

Methods

We utilized single-cell RNA sequencing data (GSE215120) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, preprocessing it with the Seurat package. Dimensionality reduction and clustering were executed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP). Cell types were annotated based on known marker genes, and the AUCell algorithm assessed the enrichment of deubiquitination-related genes. Cells were categorized into DUB_high and DUB_low groups based on AUCell scores, followed by differential expression analysis. Importantly, we constructed a robust prognostic model utilizing various genes, which was evaluated in the TCGA cohort and an external validation cohort.

Results

Our prognostic model, developed using Random Survival Forest (RSF) and Ridge Regression methods, demonstrated excellent predictive performance, evidenced by high C-index and AUC values across multiple cohorts. Furthermore, analyses of immune cell infiltration and tumor microenvironment scores revealed significant differences in immune cell distribution and microenvironment characteristics between high-risk and low-risk groups. Functional experiments indicated that TBC1D16 significantly impacts the migration and proliferation of melanoma cells.

Conclusion

This study highlights the critical role of deubiquitination in melanoma and presents a novel prognostic model that effectively stratifies patient risk. The model’s strong predictive ability enhances clinical decision-making and provides a framework for future studies on the therapeutic potential of deubiquitination mechanisms in melanoma progression. Further validation and exploration of this model’s applicability in clinical settings are warranted.
Common diagnostic biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori infection and inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Zhang Minglin , Liu Tong , Luo Lijun , Zhang Yi , Chen Qijiao , Wang Fen , Xie Yuxin
Published: December 2024

Background

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) may be present in the intestinal mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The role of H. pylori in the pathogenesis of IBD remains unclear. In this study, bioinformatics techniques were used to investigate the correlation and co-pathogenic pathways between H. pylori and IBD.

Methods

The following matrix data were downloaded from the GEO database: H. pylori-associated gastritis, GSE233973 and GSE27411; and IBD, GSE3365 and GSE179285. Differential gene analysis was performed via the limma software package in the R environment. A protein−protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed via the STRING database. Cytoscape software, through the CytoHubba plugin, filters the PPI subnetwork and identifies Hub genes. Validation of the Hub genes was performed in the validation set. Immune analysis was conducted via the CIBERSORT algorithm. Transcription factor interaction and small molecule drug analyses of the Hub genes were also performed.

Results

Using the GSE233973 and GSE3365 datasets, 151 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. GO enrichment analysis revealed involvement in leukocyte migration and chemotaxis, response to lipopolysaccharides, response to biostimulatory stimuli, and regulation of interleukin-8 (IL-8) production. Ten Hub genes (TLR4, IL10, CXCL8, IL1B, TLR2, CXCR2, CCL2, IL6, CCR1 and MMP-9) were identified via the PPI network and Cytoscape software. Enrichment analysis of the Hub genes focused on the lipopolysaccharide response, bacterial molecular response, biostimulatory response and leukocyte movement. Validation using the GSE27411 and GSE179285 datasets revealed that MMP-9 was significantly upregulated in both the H. pylori and IBD groups. The CIBERSORT algorithm revealed immune infiltration differences between the control and disease groups of IBD patients. Additionally, the CMap database identified the top 11 small molecule compounds across 10 cell types, including TPCA-1, AS-703026 and memantine, etc.

Conclusion

Our study revealed the co-pathogenic mechanism between H. pylori and IBD and identified 10 Hub genes related to cellular immune regulation and signal transduction. The expression of MMP-9 is significantly upregulated in both H. pylori infection and IBD. This study provides a new perspective for exploring the prevention and treatment of H. pylori infection and IBD.
Association between herpes zoster and Parkinson’s disease and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Yanfeng , Liu Weiping , Xu Yang
Published: December 2024

Objectives

This meta-analysis investigated the relationship between herpes zoster and the risk of dementia or Parkinson’s disease by analyzing published clinical studies.

Methods

We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection databases on April 25, 2024. Hazard ratios (HR) were used for statistical analyses. Random-effects models were applied, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic.

Results

Herpes zoster was associated with a non-significant trend toward increased dementia risk (HR = 1.11, 95% CI 0.99–1.24, p = 0.07) but significantly increased Parkinson’s disease risk (HR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.03–1.30, p = 0.02). Subgroup analyses revealed that herpes zoster significantly elevated the risk of the prospective study subgroup (HR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.02–1.13, p = 0.004) and vascular dementia subgroup (HR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.00–1.37, p = 0.05). Significant heterogeneity was observed for both outcomes (dementia: I2 = 98%, p < 0.00001; Parkinson’s disease: I2 = 94%, p < 0.00001).

Conclusion

Herpes zoster raises the risk of Parkinson’s disease and vascular dementia, with a potential causal link to dementia. Early vaccination against herpes zoster is recommended over post-infection antiviral treatment to mitigate risks.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ and our registration number is CRD42024555620.
Integrated solutions for sustainable fall prevention in primary care: a pragmatic hybrid-type 2 mixed methods implementation and effectiveness study
Authors: Clemson Lindy , Mackenzie Lynette , Lovarini Meryl , Roberts Christopher , Poulos Roslyn , Sherrington Catherine , Tan Amy C. W. , Simpson Judy , Pond Constance Dimity , Pit Sabrina , Tiedemann Anne , Lovitt Lorraine , Hilmer Sarah N.
Published: December 2024

The iSOLVE implementation project established and evaluated integrated processes and pathways, including a decision-making tool and educational interventions for general medical practitioners (GPs) and the upskilling of allied health professionals (AHPs). The study used a mixed-methods (parallel) design comprising surveys, qualitative methodologies, and an embedded cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT). Sampling was conducted within a Primary Health Network (PHN) geographic area in Sydney, Australia. AHP workshops (n = 367 attendees) covered six evidence-based interventions, resulting in increased confidence (p < 0.001) and numerous enhancements in fall prevention delivery. Among GPs, 75 were recruited from 27 practices. GPs in the experimental group were more likely to engage in fall prevention activities, including risk assessments, medication reviews, and providing advice, compared to the control group (p = 0.002). They were also more likely to refer patients to AHPs at 3 months (p = 0.002); however, this effect was not significant at 12 months (p = 0.13), as referral behaviors increased in the control group over time. Responses to free-text questions of practice change highlighted differences, with the experimental group reporting a more proactive and comprehensive approach to fall prevention. In a subset of GP patients (n = 560), no significant effect was observed in reducing the rate of falls (IRR = 0.96). The pragmatic nature of the project and potential contamination across multiple elements likely influenced this outcome. However, an area-wide survey of GPs (n = 562) revealed an increase in fall prevention referrals to AHPs over 5 years, from 70 to 82% (p = 0.028). Our findings highlight the importance of equipping GPs with tools and strategies to adopt a proactive approach to fall prevention among older patients. AHPs play a crucial role in this effort, and fostering relationships and connectivity across primary care networks is essential to maximizing the impact of fall prevention initiatives.

Clinical trial registration

Australian New Zealand Clinial Trials Registry, ACTRN12615000401550, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=368286.
Multiple-agent promotion in a grocery store: effects of modality and variability of agents on customer memory
Authors: Mizuho Takato , Okafuji Yuki , Baba Jun , Narumi Takuji
Published: December 2024

The use of social robots for product advertising is becoming prevalent. Previous studies have demonstrated that social robots can positively impact ad hoc sales recommendations. However, the essential question of “how effectively customers remember the advertised content” remains unexplored. To address this gap, we conducted a field study where physical robots or virtual agents were stationed at two locations within a grocery store for product promotion. Based on prior research, we hypothesized that customers would exhibit better recall of promotional content when it is heard from different agents rather than the same agent. Moreover, we posited that customers would exhibit more favorable social attitudes toward physical robots than virtual agents, resulting in enhanced recall. The results did not support our hypotheses, as no significant differences were observed between the conditions. However, when the physical robot was used, we observed a significant positive correlation between subjective ratings such as social presence and recall performance. This trend was not evident when the virtual agent was used. This study is a stepping stone for future research evaluating agent-based product promotion in terms of customer memory.
Machine learning opportunities for nucleosynthesis studies
Authors: Smith Michael S. , Lu Dan
Published: December 2024

Nuclear astrophysics is an interdisciplinary field focused on exploring the impact of nuclear physics on the evolution and explosions of stars and the cosmic creation of the elements. While researchers in astrophysics and in nuclear physics are separately using machine learning approaches to advance studies in their fields, there is currently little use of machine learning in nuclear astrophysics. We briefly describe the most common types of machine learning algorithms, and then detail their numerous possible uses to advance nuclear astrophysics, with a focus on simulation-based nucleosynthesis studies. We show that machine learning offers novel, complementary, creative approaches to address many important nucleosynthesis puzzles, with the potential to initiate a new frontier in nuclear astrophysics research.
The impact of 3-sulfo-taurolithocholic acid on ATPase activity in patients’ colorectal cancer and normal colon tissues, and its hepatic effects in rodents
Authors: Bychkova Solomiia , Bychkov Mykola , Dordević Dani , Rittmann Simon K.-M. R. , Vítězová Monika , Kushkevych Ivan
Published: December 2024

Colorectal cancer is influenced by genetic mutations, lifestyle factors, and diet, particularly high fat intake, which raises bile acid levels in the intestinal lumen. This study hypothesized that bile acids contribute to tumorigenesis by disrupting ion transport and ATPase activity in the intestinal mucosa. The effects of 3-sulfo-taurolithocholic acid (TLC–S) on ATPase activity were investigated in colorectal cancer samples from 10 patients, using adjacent healthy tissue as controls, and in rodent liver function. ATPase activity was measured spectrophotometrically by determining inorganic phosphorus (Pi) in postmitochondrial fractions. Ca2+ dynamics were assessed in isolated mouse hepatocytes with fluorescence imaging, and rat liver mitochondria were studied using polarographic methods to evaluate respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. TLC–S increased Na+/K+ ATPase activity by 1.5 times in colorectal cancer samples compared to controls (p ≤ 0.05). In healthy mucosa, TLC–S decreased Mg2+ ATPase activity by 3.6 times (p ≤ 0.05), while Mg2+ ATPase activity in cancer tissue remained unchanged. TLC–S had no significant effect on Ca2+ ATPase activity in healthy colon mucosa but showed a trend toward decreased activity in cancer tissue. In rat liver, TLC–S decreased Ca2+ ATPase and Na+/K+ ATPase activities while increasing basal Mg2+ ATPase activity (p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, TLC–S induced cytosolic Ca2+ signals in mouse hepatocytes, partially attenuated by NED-19, an NAADP antagonist (p ≤ 0.05). TLC–S also reduced the V3 respiration rate of isolated rat liver mitochondria during α-ketoglutarate oxidation. These findings suggest that TLC–S modulates ATPase activity differently in cancerous and healthy colon tissues, playing a role in colorectal cancer development. In rat liver, TLC–S affects mitochondrial activity and ATPase function, contributing to altered cytosolic calcium levels, providing insight into the mechanistic effects of bile acids on colorectal cancer and liver function.
Systematic Rehabilitation Techniques and Dynamic Analysis of Bridge Deck System with Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Arches
Authors: Cai Jie , Zou Zikang , Wang Zhipeng
Published: December 2024

Due to prolonged heavy traffic, the Wuhan Changfeng Bridge has experienced extensive cracking in its main girder structure. Of the bridge’s 60 crossbeams, 51 (85%) have developed cracks, while the deck pavement over the steel beams has accumulated a total of 648.8 m of transverse cracks. Additionally, two T-beams exhibit structural vertical cracks of 0.3 mm at the mid-span, exceeding the maximum allowable width of 0.2 mm. This recurrent pavement damage not only compromises driving safety and comfort but also increases maintenance costs. To address these issues, this paper proposes a systematic upgrade plan for the bridge deck system. The plan involves welding additional high transverse beams onto the existing steel transverse beams, removing the original deck slab and replacing it entirely with an orthotropic steel deck. Additionally, two new steel longitudinal beams will be installed. The original simply supported concrete longitudinal beams in the deck will be transformed into an integrally connected continuous steel structure deck system. Using Midas/Civil finite element software, 3D models of Changfeng Bridge, pre and post renovation, were created to analyze the overall dynamic characteristics under five loading scenarios. The ambient vibration test and vehicle field test were conducted to measure the bridge’s natural frequency and impact factor, verifying the dynamic performance and driving comfort of the bridge after the upgrade. The results indicate that the retrofitted bridge experienced a 19.9% increase in overall stiffness. The dynamic performance of the bridge structure was significantly enhanced, and the most notable improvement was observed in dynamic stress, which decreased by 19.4% to 76.9%. Additionally, the steel deck reduced the bridge’s dead load, and the driving comfort on the bridge deck improved.
Several Strategies for Tree Growths Under Different Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Deng Jinbing , Hu Wentao
Published: December 2024

Forests, often referred to as the “lungs of the Earth”, provide essential resources such as energy and food while also playing a critical role in carbon sequestration and maintaining biodiversity [...]
Riders Under the Heat: Exploring the Impact of Extreme Heat on the Integration of Bike-Sharing and Public Transportation in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Wang Xin , Xue Rui , Lu Ming , Wu Jiangyue
Published: December 2024

Bike-sharing (BS) systems provide a widely used and convenient feeder mode for connecting to public transportation (PT) and is seen as an effective solution to the first- and last-mile problem. Amidst the critical challenges posed by global climate change and rising temperatures, enhancing the resilience of the BS and PT integration is essential to ensure sustainable urban mobility and adapt to increasing climate variability, yet empirical studies in this area remain limited. This study analyzes BS-PT integration usage under extreme heats events, focusing on a Chinese mega city’s bike-sharing system. By defining extreme heat using the heat index, a more accurate measure of heat perception is established. We carefully categorize heatwaves based on the duration and temperature context of extreme heat to account for their potential impact on the integration’s response. Then, integrating multi-source big data and applying geographically weighted regression (GWR), we explore the spatial–temporal variations in the response of BS-PT integration ridership during different temperatures, and further identify key factors that contribute to the response of BS-PT integrated travel. Results show that extreme heat significantly influences BS-PT integration, with users showing a greater willingness to shift towards more integrated uses under extreme heat during non-summer seasons, compared to solely using bike-sharing, to avoid outdoor heat exposure. The temporal heterogeneity of the integrated trips is highest during extreme heat in non-summer and lowest under continuous extreme-heat periods. GWR spatial regression reveals that land-use characteristics significantly affect BS-PT integration resilience, with notable spatial differences in the influence of various factors, such as office density and entropy. These findings enhance our understanding of how climate change affects public transportation, providing urban planners and policymakers with valuable insights for improving the adaptability of urban mobility systems to climate change.
Philosophy of Musical Relationships: Care Ethics and Moral Responsibility of Musical Agency
Authors: Palazzolo Chiara
Published: December 2024

This article addresses the inherently relational nature of musical agency, drawing upon interdisciplinary research. It argues that music does not exist in isolation but within social and emotional contexts shaped by a network of relationships among musicians. These interactions create a collaborative space that transcends mere technical execution, fostering a collective experience enriched by shared sensitivity and emotional engagement. Consequently, musical practice, whether compositional or performative, entails a moral responsibility, particularly challenging the perspectives of Levinas; Bauman; and Wilde, who traditionally separated art from ethics. As outlined in Nielsen and Cobussen’s work “music contributes to a better understanding of one’s place within the world, and thus, to an ethical sensibility”, emphasizing how musical practice cultivates ethical awareness through its relational nature. Music is thus conceived as a moral endeavor, where care extends not only to the music itself but also to the individuals involved in its creation and performance. Moreover, this moral responsibility extends to future generations, as musical tradition is conceived as a temporal bridge linking the past, the present, and the future. The tradition is composed of individuals actively engaged in the practices that shape the tradition or traditions. Musicians bear an intergenerational responsibility toward those who will inherit and reinterpret current practices—a responsibility not grounded in direct reciprocity, but in what Randall describes as “conceptual ties”. The continuity of musical tradition and its aesthetic value depend on the care and responsibility each generation shows toward both the participants and the evolving cultural products of this process. Thus, the discussion elucidates the ethical dimensions of musical agency and practice, particularly in Western classical music, and highlights how our obligations to future generations are intrinsic to the practice itself, thereby contributing to broader debates on intergenerational care ethics.
One Long Kiss: Paul Shrader’s First Reformed and a Cinematic Theology
Authors: Clogher Paul
Published: December 2024

Against the backdrop of the dialogue between theology, cinema, and image culture more broadly, this article explores Paul Schrader’s 2017 film First Reformed as an experiment in cinematic theology. His 1972 work Transcendental Style in Film: Ozu, Bresson, Dreyer outlines the contours of a cross-cultural, cross-religious model of spiritual cinema and remains an influential text within both film studies and theology. While much of his career as both a director and screenwriter has embraced a broad spectrum of themes, from the psychological pessimism of Taxi Driver (1976) to the deep Christology of The Last Temptation of Christ (1988), First Reformed sees Schrader return to his theory of a sacred cinema through the themes of spiritual crisis, ecological indifference, and the politicization of Christianity. Through a theological and hermeneutical reflection on the film, its visual and narrative grammar, and its influences, this article explores Schrader’s cinema as model of divine intimacy that redeems in an indifferent world.
Analysis of the structure of victims with isolated traumatic brain injury with damage to the cerebral skull bones in the Ulyanovsk Region in 2021–2023
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ulyanovsk State University», Ulyanovsk, Russia, Shigapov M. I. ,   State Health Institution «Ulyanovsk Regional Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Care named after E. M. Chuchkalov», Ulyanovsk, Russia, Midlenko A. I. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ulyanovsk State University», Ulyanovsk, Russia; State Health Institution «Ulyanovsk Regional Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Care named after E. M. Chuchkalov», Ulyanovsk, Russia, Elistratov A. N. ,   State Health Institution «Ulyanovsk Regional Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Care named after E. M. Chuchkalov», Ulyanovsk, Russia, Klimina T. I. ,   State Health Institution «Ulyanovsk Regional Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Care named after E. M. Chuchkalov», Ulyanovsk, Russia, Midlenko N. M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ulyanovsk State University», Ulyanovsk, Russia, Statenina A. P. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ulyanovsk State University», Ulyanovsk, Russia, Napkhanyuk S. S. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ulyanovsk State University», Ulyanovsk, Russia, Naumetov A. K. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ulyanovsk State University», Ulyanovsk, Russia
Published: December 2024

Traumatic brain injury ranks among the leading causes of disability of the population, which makes it
socially significant. Early diagnosis and treatment of patients with traumatic brain injury is an essential aspect in neurosurgery. The conducted retrospective analysis of patients with fractures of the cranial vault reflects the problem
of injury in patients of working age (mainly men). The issue of high mortality of patients with TBI of various severity (5.2 %) in the Ulyanovsk Region in period from 2021 to 2023 is urgent and requires further study to minimize the main qualitative indicators in providing patient care.
Mental disorders in liver cirrhosis
Authors:   FSBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Skvortsov V. V. , Rodionova I. V. ,   FSBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kozlov G. G. ,   FSBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sokolov I. N. ,   FSBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sakhno M. A. ,   FSBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Alarkhanova M. R. ,   FSBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Magamadova S. U. ,   FSBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: December 2024

Liver cirrhosis is a chronic progressive diffuse process characterized by fibrosis and transformation of the normal liver structure with the formation of connective tissue nodules. This disease is accompanied by a violation of the liver structure, loss of its physiological properties, deterioration of its functions, and the risk of complications such
as ascites, encephalopathy, portal hypertension, and hepatocellular carcinoma. This article is devoted to an overview of changes in mental status in liver cirrhosis. The study examined the level of epression in liver cirrhosis, perfusion index, and cognitive functions. The study of these indicators allows us to indirectly assess the state of the liver, identify organ dysfunction, and develop a strategy for diagnosis and treatment of liver cirrhosis. It is known about a hepatocerebral syndrome, which reflects the relationship between changes in mental functions and the progression of liver cirrhosis.
That is why it is necessary to conduct regular monitoring of these indicators for the timely detection of negative dynamics and use of effective treatment methods.