bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The gene expression of weaning age and its effect on productive performance of rabbits
Authors: El-Sabrout K. , Aggag S.
Published: March 2017

Weaning age for mammals remains a topic of debate and an interesting subject of research. The literature data reflect opposite views on the recommended weaning age of rabbits. Thus, we determined the optimal weaning age for average commercial rabbit lines by studying one of these lines, the V-line. Gene expression of weaning age was studied in this research to reach the optimal weaning age for efficient rabbit growth and survival. The effect of weaning age on growth and mortality rates was investigated in young rabbits by comparing 3 groups (kits of 10 V-line does for each group), weaned at 23 (W23), 28 (W28) and 33 (W33) days of age. Rabbits weaned at 23 d of age had significantly (P<0.05) lower body weight at the age of 63 d (market age) than those weaned at 28 and 33 d of age. The weaning age also influenced survival; mortality rate was highest in rabbits weaned at 23 d of age, followed by those weaned at 28 and 33 d of age. Morphometric parameters reflect the integral effect of all factors influencing digestive tract growth and development. From the results, it seems that the small intestine length did not have a clear effect on different weaning ages. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis is an important tool to monitor changes in gene expression in animals such as rabbits. We used this approach to measure intestinal insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) mRNA level and observed that the expression levels of IGF-1Ea, IGF-1Eb and IGF-1R were nearly the same in W28 and W33 rabbits, while they were the lowest in W23 rabbits. Serum IGF-1 concentrations tended to present significant differences (P<0.05) with different weaning ages. We found that levels of IGF-1 in rabbits weaned at 28 and 33 d of age were convergent and higher than the IGF-1 levels in rabbits weaned at 23 d of age. Moreover, the early weaning of rabbits has a negative impact on growth. This therefore suggests that moderate weaning (28W) will be suitable for the farm economy and will improve rabbit production better than early or late weaning.
Rabbit meat sector value chain
Authors: Baviera-Puig A. , Buitrago-Vera J. , Escriba-Perez C. , Montero-Vicente L.
Published: March 2017

The aim of this research was to study the cuniculture industry in Spain, according to the Food Value Chain model, and analyse what its main operators are. Four components were identified in the rabbit meat production chain: input suppliers, producers, abattoirs and cutting plants and distribution. Distribution can follow 2 paths, the traditional channel and the modern or large-scale distribution channel. Rabbit feed, which represents the main input for producers, is a minority product, especially when compared to feeds formulated for other livestock species, as its manufacture calls for specialist companies. Rabbit production is linked to the rural environment and constitutes a significant economic option, not only for farms but also for the industry around it, such as feed producers and distributors, technicians, slaughterhouses or leather processors, among others. Rabbit farms are generally independent and not usually integrated, as found in other types of livestock. Slaughterhouses currently represent one of the main axes of the rabbit meat production chain and are either focused on traditional or large-scale distribution. The main strategic changes are apparent in slaughterhouses focused on large-scale distribution by seeking cooperative ways of working, using slaughterhouse groupings and vertical integration processes. This way, they manage to adjust margins by working with economies of scale and, ultimately, lower prices. Slaughterhouses whose strategies are based on traditional distribution may achieve higher margins than those focusing their efforts on large-scale distribution, but their growth is limited. In traditional retail premises, the majority of sales consist of whole carcasses in bulk, which are prepared and quartered as per consumer tastes. Large-scale retail distribution outlets sell both cut produce from the meat counters located in their own premises and pre-packaged products, more suited to self-service formulae. Brand presence is minimal, as is that of processed or semiprocessed products. This current situation requires support from the entire sector in order to provide rabbit
meat with new features better adapted to consumers’ needs, above and beyond price and with greater added value.
Comparative Evaluation of Anatomical and Pathological Features on Computed Tomography Scan with Intraoperative Findings in Frontal Sinus Pathology
Authors: Chakraborty Sourav , Verma Deepak , Lade Himani , Malik Noor UD
Published: March 2017

To compare the anatomical and pathological features on computed tomography (CT) scan with intraoperative findings in cases of frontal sinus disease. This prospective study was conducted in a tertiary referral center, and a total of 30 patients who were refractory to conservative medical treatment undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for frontal sinus disease were included in the study. Preoperative CT scans were done with axial and coronal cuts with a sagittal reconstruction to obtain a better idea about the frontal recess anatomy. The areas that were studied preoperatively on CT scan were frontal sinus pathology, pattern of sinus involvement, superior attachment of uncinate process, frontal sinus drainage pathway, agger nasi cell, frontal cell, frontal bullar cell, and supraorbital ethmoidal cell. A good correlation was obtained between the CT findings and intraoperative findings.

How to cite this article

Chakraborty S, Verma D, Lade H, Malik NUD. Comparative Evaluation of Anatomical and Pathological Features on Computed Tomography Scan with Intraoperative Findings in Frontal Sinus Pathology. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2017;10(1):6-10.
Outcome of Single- vs Multiple-visit Endodontic Therapy of Nonvital Teeth: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Almeida Dulce O , Chaves Sônia CL , Souza Ronaldo A , Soares Felipe F
Published: March 2017

Introduction

Endodontic therapy is a specialized procedure more demanded by patients within public oral health care in the country. Then, single-visit endodontic therapy may offer advantages to the health care services, to the professionals, and to the patients by reducing access barriers.

Materials and methods

A meta-analysis was done and the variables evaluated were periapical repair, microbiological control, and postobturation pain in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) involving endodontic treatment of nonvital teeth at single- or multiple visits.

Results

About 17 RCTs were included. There were no differences found in periapical repair or microbiological control in single- and multiple-visit therapy. Single-visit endodontic therapy resulted in 21% less postobturation pain (relative risks = 0.79; 95%, confidence interval: 0.66-0.94).

Conclusion

There was less postobturation pain in the single-visit endodontic therapy group. In the public dental care, this analysis favors the adoption of this one therapy because it will be possible to increase the patient access and the supply of this therapy.

Clinical significance

It is possible to get a better cost-effectiveness for the patients and the health care service. This is very important because the reduction of the cost to the patient allows it to become a complete treatment. The health service, in turn, is able to be better used, with a greater supply of this service.

How to cite this article

Almeida DO, Chaves SCL, Souza RA, Soares FF. Outcome of Single- vs Multiple-visit Endodontic Therapy of Nonvital Teeth: A Meta-analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(4):330-336.
British Intelligence and Hitler’s Empire in the Soviet Union, 1941–1945
Authors: Ben Wheatley
Published: March 2017

This is the first detailed study of Britain’s open source intelligence (OSINT) operations during the Second World War, showing how accurate and influential OSINT could be and ultimately how those who analysed this intelligence would shape British post-war policy towards the Soviet Union.

Following the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, the enemy and neutral press covering the German occupation of the Baltic states offered the British government a vital stream of OSINT covering the entire German East. OSINT was the only form of intelligence available to the British from the Nazi-occupied Soviet Union, due to the Foreign Office suspension of all covert intelligence gathering inside the Soviet Union. The risk of jeopardising the fragile Anglo-Soviet alliance was considered too great to continue covert intelligence operations. In this book, Wheatley primarily examines OSINT acquired by the Stockholm Press Reading Bureau (SPRB) in Sweden and analysed and despatched to the British government by the Foreign Research and Press Service (FRPS) Baltic States Section and its successor, the Foreign Office Research Department (FORD).

Shedding light on a neglected area of Second World War intelligence and employing useful case studies of the FRPS/FORD Baltic States Section’s Intelligence, British Intelligence and Hitler’s Empire in the Soviet Union, 1941-1945 makes a new and important argument which will be of great value to students and scholars of British intelligence history and the Second World War.
Michael Jackson's Dangerous
Authors: Fast Susan
Published: March 2017

Dangerous is Michael Jackson’s coming of age album. Granted, that’s a bold claim to make given that many think his best work lay behind him by the time this record was made. It offers Jackson on a threshold, at long last embracing adulthood-politically questioning, sexually charged-yet unable to convince a skeptical public who had, by this time, been wholly indoctrinated by a vicious media. Even though the record sold well, few understood or were willing to accept the depth and breadth of Jackson's vision; and then before it could be fully grasped, it was eclipsed by a shifting pop music landscape and personal scandal-the latter perhaps linked to his assertive new politics. This book tries to cut through the din of dominant narratives about Jackson, taking up the mature, nuanced artistic statement he offered on Dangerous in all its complexity. It is read here as a concept album, one that offers a compelling narrative arc of postmodern angst, love, lust, seduction, betrayal, damnation, and above all else racial politics, in ways heretofore unseen in his music. This record offered a Michael Jackson that was mystifying for a world that had accepted him as a child and as childlike and, hence, as safe; this Michael Jackson was, indeed, dangerous.
The History of the Provincial Press in England
Authors: Matthews Rachel
Published: March 2017

Regional newspapers around the globe are fighting to survive in the face of challenges to their economic model, due to the constant influx of new technology. At the same time, while studies of the national press have created a continuous narrative on the newspaper, the history of the regional press has been subject to relatively little academic scrutiny, despite being a significant industry in terms of a readership, circulation and profit.

By focusing on provincial English newspapers, Matthews makes the case for the larger issue of the future of local newspapers worldwide. She argues that a comprehensive approach to the history of the regional press can result in a conceptualization of the industry in terms of the shift in emphasis between the key elements of state control, ownership, social influence and production techniques. They can be categorized into six distinct stages: the local newspaper as opportunistic creation; the characterization of the local newspaper as fourth estate; the impact of New Journalism; the growth of chain control, the shock of the free paper and new technology and, finally, the current picture, the search for a new business model.
Jimi Hendrix's Electric Ladyland
Authors: Perry John
Published: March 2017

Electric Ladyland is one of the greatest guitar albums ever made. During the recording process, Jimi Hendrix at last had time and creative freedom to pursue the sounds he was looking for. In this remarkable and entertaining book, John Perry gets to the heart of Hendrix’s unique talent - guiding the reader through each song on the album, writing vividly about Hendrix’s live performances, and talking to several of Hendrix’s peers and contemporaries.
Joni Mitchell's Court and Spark
Authors: Nelson Sean
Published: March 2017

Court and Spark is Joni Mitchell’s most overt attempt at making a hit record, full of glossy production, catchy choruses, and even guest stars from every stratum of rock culture, high (Robbie Robertson) and low (Cheech and Chong). The record was a smash, reaching number two on the charts in March of 1974, spawning three hit singles; Help Me, Free Man in Paris and Raised on Robbery and cementing Mitchell’s position as a commercial as well as an artistic force. Sean Nelson, a well known musician himself (Harvey Danger, the Long Winters), is particularly well equipped to understand all the elements that went into the making of this classic album, and he does so with clarity and wit.
Liz Phair's Exile in Guyville
Authors: Arnold Gina
Published: March 2017

Although Exile in Guyville was celebrated as one of the year's top records by Spin and the New York Times, it was also, to some, an abomination: a mockery of the Rolling Stones' most revered record and a rare glimpse into the psyche of a shrewd, independent, strong young woman. For these crimes, Liz Phair was run out of her hometown of Chicago, enduring a flame war perpetrated by writers who accused her of being boring, inauthentic, and even a poor musician.

With Exile in Guyville, Phair spoke for all the girls who loved the world of indie rock but felt deeply unwelcome there. Like all great works of art, Exile was a harbinger of the shape of things to come: Phair may have undermined the male ego, but she also unleashed a new female one. For the sake of all the female artists who have benefited from her work-from Sleater-Kinney to Lana Del Rey and back again-it's high time we go back to Guyville.
Madness’s One Step Beyond …
Authors: Edwards Terry
Published: March 2017

One Step Beyond isn’t the best album in the world - it’s not even the best album by Madness. It is, however, a great record and an exceptional debut album -fully formed despite half the band still being in their teens - and it remains as exhilarating, inspiring and as much fun as when people first heard it nearly 30 years ago. Through extensive interviews with the band, as well as producers Clive Langer & Alan Winstanley, Terry Edwards tells the inside story of how Madness rose to be the most successful singles band of the 1980s in the UK charts.
Pink Floyd's The Piper at the Gates of Dawn
Authors: Cavanagh John
Published: March 2017

Through a series of interviews with a wide range of people connected to Pink Floyd in their earliest days (including Nick Mason, Peter Jenner, Jenny Fabian, Storm Thorgerson, Duggie Fields and Peter Whitehead), John Cavanagh paints a vivid picture of how this remarkable debut album was created. He brings to life the stories behind each track, as well as Pink Floyd's groundbreaking live performances of the time.
Talking Heads' Fear of Music
Authors: Lethem Jonathan
Published: March 2017

It’s the summer of 1979. A fifteen-year-old boy listens to WNEW on the radio in his bedroom in Brooklyn. A monotone voice (it’s the singer’s) announces into dead air in between songs “The Talking Heads have a new album, it’s called Fear of Music” - and everything spins outward from that one moment.

Jonathan Lethem treats Fear of Music (the third album by the Talking Heads, and the first produced by Brian Eno) as a masterpiece - edgy, paranoid, funky, addictive, rhythmic, repetitive, spooky and fun. He scratches obsessively at the album’s songs, guitars, rhythms, lyrics, packaging, downtown origins, and legacy, showing how Fear of Music hints at the directions (positive and negative) the band would take in the future. Lethem transports us again to the New York City of another time - tackling one of his great adolescent obsessions and illuminating the ways in which we fall in and out of love with works of art.
The Pogues' Rum, Sodomy & The Lash
Authors: Meloy Jeffrey T.
Published: March 2017

To absorb Rum, Sodomy, and the Lash is to be taken on a wild voyage with a cast of downtrodden revolutionaries. Despite this notion, the epic themes of the Pogues' second full length record have been overlooked by both critics and biographers in favor of two things: the band's penchant for combining Celtic folk with punk rhythms (“the sound”) and the excesses of Shane MacGowan (“the creator”). Instead of reiterating these aspects, this book discusses, in the form of a sea-faring narrative, the record's articulation of what it is found to be magnificently trodden. Through epic imagery gracing the cover of the album and reverberating throughout the lyrics, Roesgen's book shows that what the Pogues created is far more than pub-room music created by drunken men wallowing in Irish nostalgia and pining for something subversive.
U2's Achtung Baby
Authors: Catanzarite Stephen
Published: March 2017

Stephen Catanzarite takes a close look at what many consider to be U2's most fully formed album through the prisms of religion, politics, spirituality, and culture, illuminating its previously unexplored depths, arguing that it's a concept album about love and the fall of man.
We need to use the words...
Authors: Pasian Beverly
Published: March 2017

Sometimes it’s important to simply say the words … as it is in the beginning of wisdom that is the definition of terms. When historians look at the world of project management, what will they say that we have said about climate change? Certainly more general—but absolutely legitimate—terms such as ‘sustainability’ have been used, but in a basic term search in the 3 oldest project management journals, I was surprised to see only a few dozen uses of ‘climate change’ as a specific term. Theconversation started a long time ago using those words, and PMRP would like to encourage more with this commentary on one of the central topics of this journal … climate change.
Influence of 2000–2050 climate change on particulate matter in the United States: results from a new statistical model
Authors: Shen Lu , Mickley Loretta J. , Murray Lee T.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. We use a statistical model to investigate the effect of 2000–2050 climate change on fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) air quality across the contiguous United States. By applying observed relationships of PM2. 5 and meteorology to the IPCC Coupled Model Intercomparision Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) archives, we bypass some of the uncertainties inherent in chemistry-climate models. Our approach uses both the relationships between PM2. 5 and local meteorology as well as the synoptic circulation patterns, defined as the singular value decomposition (SVD) pattern of the spatial correlations between PM2. 5 and meteorological variables in the surrounding region. Using an ensemble of 19 global climate models (GCMs) under the RCP4.5 scenario, we project an increase of 0.4–1.4 µg m−3 in annual mean PM2. 5 in the eastern US and a decrease of 0.3–1.2 µg m−3 in the Intermountain West by the 2050s, assuming present-day anthropogenic sources of PM2. 5. Mean summertime PM2. 5 increases as much as 2–3 µg m−3 in the eastern United States due to faster oxidation rates and greater mass of organic aerosols from biogenic emissions. Mean wintertime PM2. 5 decreases by 0.3–3 µg m−3 over most regions in the United States, likely due to the volatilization of ammonium nitrate. Our approach provides an efficient method to calculate the potential climate penalty on air quality across a range of models and scenarios. We find that current atmospheric chemistry models may underestimate or even fail to capture the strongly positive sensitivity of monthly mean PM2. 5 to temperature in the eastern United States in summer, and they may underestimate future changes in PM2. 5 in a warmer climate. In GEOS-Chem, the underestimate in monthly mean PM2. 5–temperature relationship in the east in summer is likely caused by overly strong negative sensitivity of monthly mean low cloud fraction to temperature in the assimilated meteorology ( ∼  −0.04 K−1) compared to the weak sensitivity implied by satellite observations (±0.01 K−1). The strong negative dependence of low cloud cover on temperature in turn causes the modeled rates of sulfate aqueous oxidation to diminish too rapidly as temperatures rise, leading to the underestimate of sulfate–temperature slopes, especially in the south. Our work underscores the importance of evaluating the sensitivity of PM2. 5 to its key controlling meteorological variables in climate-chemistry models on multiple timescales before they are applied to project future air quality.
A consistent implementation of the dual node approach for coupling surface-subsurface flow and its comparison to the common node approach
Authors: de Rooij Rob
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Commonly, the dual node approach for coupling surface-subsurface flow is conceptualized as a hydraulic separation of the surface and the subsurface by a distinct interface with a given thickness. Since such an interface is not supported by field observations, it has been argued that the dual node depends on a non-physical parameter in the form an ill-defined interface thickness. As such, the alternative common node approach is considered to be a more general and a more elegant approach since it is based on the physical principle of head continuity along the surface-subsurface interface. In this study, however, it is argued that if properly implemented, then the dual node approach is actually the more general, the more elegant as well as the more accurate approach. This insight is obtained by considering that the topmost subsurface nodal values represent the mean values within discrete control volumes and by deriving the dual node approach from equations that govern infiltration and infiltrability. It is shown that the dual node approach should be conceptualized as a simple one-sided first-order finite-difference to approximate the vertical subsurface hydraulic gradient at the land surface and that there is no need to assume a hydraulic separation between the two flow domains by a distinct interface. Whereas a consistent properly implemented dual node approach is in agreement with the physical principle of head continuity at the land surface, it is shown that the common node approach is not. Studies that have compared the two coupling approaches have been based on improperly implemented dual node approaches. As such, this study presents a re-evaluation of how the common node compares to the dual node approach. Cell-centered as well as vertex-centered schemes are considered.
Technical Note: Monitoring of unsteady open channel flows using the continuous slope-area method
Authors: Lee Kyutae , Firoozfar Ali R. , Muste Marian
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The advent of low-cost pressure transducers capable of directly measuring water surface elevation enables continuous measurements of dynamic water surface slopes. This opens up a new possibility of dynamically monitoring unsteady flows (i.e., hysteresis) during the course of flood wave propagation. Hysteresis in this context refers to a looped stage–discharge rating caused by unsteadiness of flows. Hysteresis is monitored in this study using a continuous slope area (CSA) method, which uses Manning's equation to calculate unsteady discharges based on continuously measured water surface slopes. In the rising stage, water surface slopes become steeper than a steady water surface slope, resulting in higher discharges than steady-based discharges, while the trends are reversed in the falling stage. The CSA method applied to Clear Creek near Oxford (Iowa, USA) estimates the maximum differences of peak discharges by 30–40 %, while it shows sound agreements for a low to medium range of discharges against USGS steady-based records. The primary cause of these differences is the use of a single channel bed slope in deriving Manning's roughness coefficients. The use of a single channel bed slope (conceptually equal to the water surface slopes at every stage in uniform flow conditions) causes substantial errors in estimating the channel roughness, specifically at high stages, because non-uniformities of natural channels result in varying (non-uniform) steady water surface slopes at each stage. While the CSA method is promising for dynamically tracking unsteady water surface slopes and flows in natural streams, more studies are still needed to increase the accuracy of the CSA method in future research.
Glocalized rhetoric practices on medical writing
Authors: Lu 盧慧娟 Hui-Chuan , Tsou 鄒文莉 Wenli , Chen 陳慧琴 Fay
Published: March 2017

Facing a rapidly changing global environment, educators around the world have argued for a need to incorporate a global perspective in local educational policy making. The present study undertakes such a glocal project examining medical writing of international physicians and Taiwanese interns. In this study, the Corpus of English for Medical Purpose (CEMP) has been created. There are 50 experts’ (49,655 words) and 50 students’ (9,829 words) medical writing samples respectively. The moves and steps used between the two groups were analyzed from three linguistic features, voice form, tense, and grammatical subject. Then, a parallel corpus was consulted in an attempt to explain the rhetoric features unique to Taiwanese writers. Based on the findings, a framework is proposed to provide guidance for the instruction and learning of medical writing. The findings contribute to medical education by highlighting how the dual forces of the target and native languages shape students’ medical writing.
Una propuesta subléxica para la polisemia- el caso del verbo de desplazamiento salir
Authors: Luo罗莹 Ying
Published: March 2017

Este trabajo examina la motivación subléxica del fenómeno de la polisemia representado por el verbo de desplazamiento salir en el marco teórico del Lexicón Generativo. Hemos llevado a cabo un estudio bastante exhaustivo de las extensiones semánticas regulares del verbo salir, en que mostramos que su significado se extiende, sobre todo, debido a la interacción con las informaciones contenidas en la estructura léxica de los nombres que encabezan sus argumentos y adjuntos, y finalmente se forma una escala semántica que va extendiéndose desde los sentidos más básicos hasta los más periféricos. Esas informaciones relevantes se codifican como rasgos semánticos (en forma de qualia agentivo, formal, constitutivo y télico) en lo que se conoce como Estructura de Qualia (EQ); cuando el verbo se combina con la información contenida en la EQ de sus argumentos o adjuntos, van modificando sus estructuras argumental, eventiva o de qualia, de ahí que se generen los significados tradicionalmente considerados ‘metafóricos’ o ‘figurados’ en el predicado.
Analysis of the Impact of the Eruptive Process of the Tungurahua Volcano on the Precipitation Patterns of Hydrographic Microbasins Located Inside and Outside the Zone of Influence
Authors: Ríos Iván
Published: March 2017

The relationship between eruptive processes and precipitation is a topic that lacks research studies, perhaps due to the difficulty that is to have few scenarios, which satisfy conditions for statistical testing. Most of the available literature report a global impact after significant volcanic eruptions. Robock et al. (2008) concluded that the Pinatubo volcano eruption left precipitation consequences in the medium and long term. Kravitz y Robock (2011) suggested considering weather seasons on the estimation of the impact of volcanic eruptions. Allen e Ingram (2002) concluded that volcanic gasses are more important than greenhouse gasses on the climate change at a global level. In the Ambato river watershed (Ecuador), studies were conducted to evaluate the relationship between eruptive processes of the Tungurahua volcano and the variation in precipitation series. During the main eruptive events between 1999 and 2010, atypical precipitation values were determined during April, May, July, August, and December, with increments within 130.09% and 285.15% with respect to precipitation observations in the studied period (Ríos, 2014). The results of the present study demonstrate the relationship between rainfall anomalies and volcanic activity. Three watersheds were analyzed: (1) Ambato river watershed, located to the West of the volcano with direct impact of volcanic ash and SO2; (2) Drenajes Menores of the Pastaza river; and (3) Areas Menores of the Pastaza river. The latter are located to the East of the volcano with no impact from volcanic ash and SO2 due to the direction of wind flow.
Proceso de recaudación y uso de los impuestos obtenidos en el mercado Alfredo Lazo en el año 2016
Authors: Rodríguez Salgado Freydel Magaly , Pérez Castellón Mauren Karina , Moreno Tercero Freydell María , Castillo Herrera Beverly
Published: March 2017

El presente trabajo se refiere al Proceso de Recaudación y Uso de los Impuestos obtenidos en el Mercado Alfredo Lazo realizado por la Alcaldía de Estelí durante el año 2016. Por lo tanto, el objetivo general es analizar el proceso de la obtención y utilización de los fondos para el diseño de una estrategia que le permita a la Alcaldía la mejora del proceso de recaudación en el Mercado Alfredo Lazo del Municipio de Estelí. El enfoque de la investigación es cuali-cuantitativa con un universo de 154 tramos actualmente activos. Se aplicaron entrevistas, encuestas y guía de observación para brindar veracidad a la información brindada en el documento. Los ejes teóricos de este estudio son: Municipio, Competencia Municipal y Recaudación y las principales estrategias diseñadas y propuestas son: Promover el pago de impuestos de los comerciantes, Dar a conocer a los comerciantes del mercado en que se utilizan los impuestos recaudados, Registrar en el sistema a todos los comerciantes del mercado y garantizar un buen trabajo con una atención más eficaz por parte de los recaudadores.
Experiencia vivida en madres/padres cuidadores de niños/niñas con Trastorno del Espectro Autista
Authors: Ráudez Chiong Laura Gabriela , Rizo Aráuz Lisseth Carolina , Solís Zúniga Franklin Jesús
Published: March 2017

Las vivencias de las madres/padres cuidadores de niños/niñas con trastorno del espectro autista, es poco conocida en Nicaragua, este tema ha estado en el anonimato y solamente las personas cercanas a un caso de autismo comprenden lo que significa el cuido de estos niños/niñas. De tal manera que el presente estudio se planteó como objetivo comprender la experiencia vivida de las madres/padres cuidadores de niños/niñas con trastorno del espectro autista, en la ciudad de Estelí, segundo semestre 2016. El tipo de estudio es cualitativo y fenomenológico de tipo exploratorio, la muestra se conformó por un padre y cuatro madres cuidadoras de niños/niñas diagnosticadas con trastorno del espectro autista; y cinco expertas que trabajan con los mismos. Éstos fueron seleccionados mediante la técnica de cadena o bola de nieve. El tipo de muestreo es no probabilístico y por conveniencia. Los métodos teóricos que se utilizaron son el inductivo, método de análisis-síntesis; y los métodos empíricos fueron la entrevista a profundidad y la entrevista semi-estructurada. Los resultados más relevantes que se obtuvieron en cuanto a las vivencias, es que, en su totalidad las madres/padres cuidadores al momento de enterarse del diagnóstico tienen reacciones similares como, confusión, tristeza, pérdida, culpa, dolor, depresión, negación, impotencia, desesperación, baja autoestima y preocupación. Se logró comprender que la experiencia vivida de las madres/padres cuidadores, radica principalmente en atravesar las etapas del duelo, ya que, en todos los casos, según los relatos obtenidos, se enfrentan al sentimiento de pérdida, como si su hijo/hija ha muerto.
The Evaluation of Teachers’ Job Performance Based on Total Quality Management (TQM)
Authors: Shahmohammadi Nayereh
Published: March 2017

This study aimed to evaluate teachers’ job performance based on total quality management (TQM) model. This was a descriptive survey study. The target population consisted of all primary school teachers in Karaj (N=2917). Using Cochran formula and simple random sampling, 340 participants were selected as sample. A total quality management model-based researcher made questionnaire was used for collecting the data. Its validity was confirmed by experts. The pilot study was conducted on 30 participants; using Cronbach Alpha formula, its reliability was determined to be 0.813. The data were analyzed using SPSS software in two descriptive (median, mean, mode, standard deviation, skewness) and inferential (one-sample T test) levels. The findings showed that at α= 0.05 level, the teachers’ job performance was higher than mean. At α= 0.05 level, also, the teachers’ job performance in process design, management, process improvement, public participation, and focus on customer was higher than mean.
Studying the Effectiveness of Combination Therapy (Based on Executive Function and Sensory Integration) Child-Centered on the Symptoms of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Salami Fatemeh , Ashayeri Hassan , Estaki Mahnaz , Farzad Valiollah , Entezar Roya Koochak
Published: March 2017

The aim of the present study is to examine the effectiveness of combination therapy based on executive function and sensory integration child-centered on ADHD. For this purpose, from among all first, second and third grade primary school students in Shiraz, 40 children were selected. The selected students were randomly assigned in two groups of experimental (n = 20) and control group (n = 20) by random method through internet call from Education site, and by Clinical Interview, implementation of CSI-4 parent form, and according to the criteria for entry and after matching. Combination therapy based on executive function and sensory integration includes 24 sessions of an hour and a half, in groups of five in four groups of children that was held three times a week. Pre-test and post-test in both groups was performed using CSI-4 parent form. Data obtained were analyzed using analysis of covariance and SPSS software. The results showed that combination therapy based on executive function and sensory integration child-centered reduces attention deficit and hyperactivity.
Fiscal Policy and the Nigerian Economy: An Econometric Review
Authors: Kenneth Chikezie Anyalechi , Uchechukwu Joe Onwumere Josaphat , Tarila Boloupremo
Published: March 2017

The paper examines fiscal policy regulations as a tool for enhancing economic growth and poverty reduction in Nigeria using data covering the period 1981-2014 obtained from Central bank of Nigeria and World Development Indicators. The study employed econometric methods of Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) Unit Root test, Johansen Co-integration test and Vector auto-regression (VAR) to analyze data empirically. Results from data analyzed suggest that tax revenue, external borrowings, government domestic debt and government capital expenditure have not contributed significantly to economic growth and poverty reduction in Nigeria. However, government recurrent expenditure was found to be statistically significant and impacted on the gross domestic product per capita during the study period. This may be attributed to the reason that recurrent expenditure has a deep rooted and faster influence on growth than capital expenditure. Capital expenditure, which is a long-term expenditure, is more prone to misappropriation and theft, and also could be less growth enhancing. The empirical result is consistent with and strongly upheld the Keynesian’s view that government expenditure causes economic growth.
Social and Environmental Impacts on Rural Communities Residing Near the Industrial Complex of Sao Luis Island, State of Maranhão, Brazil
Authors: De Castro Tatiana Cristina Santos , Castro Antonio Carlos Leal , Soares Leonardo Silva , Lopes Silva Marcelo Henrique , Silva Ferreira Helen Roberta , Jesus Azevedo James Werllen de , De Franca Victor Lamarao
Published: March 2017

The aim of the present study was to analyze the major social and environmental implications of the presence of the industrial district of the city of São Luís (Brazil) over a span of 30 years. The district was established in the 1980s to receive industrial enterprises of the Grande Carajás Program, which led to the installation of a massive support infrastructure. Industrial activities have contributed substantially to rapid, definitive, irreversible changes to the way of life of the population residing near the district and have gradually altered the spatial organization of the area, with consequent harm to the natural landscape. Both the perceptions of the local population and data obtained using geotechnological tools offer evidence of the main changes having occurred and factors associated with such changes. Mangrove degradation and the loss of both natural and secondary vegetal cover were the most significant changes in the time interval studied. The main factors associated with environmental harm are industrial activities, the mineral extraction of sand and disorganized land occupation.
Supplier-Buyer Collaboration Versus Productivity
Authors: Monnaie Bernard F.
Published: March 2017

Firms that upgrade and then maintain supply-demand matching collaboration with a highly-governed commercial chain, like a Global Value Chain (GVC), are thought to obtain better opportunities for improving their business prospects. This paper reviews a study on such a hypothetical impact by using data from the fish value chain of Seychelles, comprising a few small-scale producers that have upgraded to supply foreign markets. The difference in the mean value of 5 months’ of production capacity, actual output and productivity (as total output value/input value) of random fish suppliers that had upgraded (n = 34) and not upgraded (n = 32) were tested. Four of the upgraded suppliers were subsequently interviewed on key production-related attributes. Only the difference in the mean productivity figures of the two groups of firms was not significant. The interviews suggest that (1) the productivity of upgraded suppliers is strongly impacted by their directly-controlled resources and exploited fish stocks and (2) viability challenges motivate upgraded suppliers to multi-chain and target various foreign and native customers. The results indicate that supply-demand collaboration in a highly-governed fish chain allows small-scale producers to improve their production capacity, associated output and their potential productivity too if it helps strengthen the environmental sustainability of their fish stocks.
Prospects for the use of the achievements of regenerative medicine in otorhinolaryngology
Authors: Ciechanowicz Andrzej K.
Published: March 2017

Regenerative medicine is focusing on searching for stem cells, which can be efficiently and safely used for regeneration
of damaged tissues and organs. Pluripotent stem cells would be ideal for this purpose. It is because they have the
ability to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers (ecto-, meso- and endoderm). One of the sources of their isolation
are embryos. For many years, they are made unsuccessful attempts to use of very controversial embryonic stem
cells that are isolated from embryos. So strong ethical controversy forced scientists to look for other, undoubted ethically,
sources of pluripotent stem cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells are proposed, as a more promising alternative
to cells isolated from embryos. Unfortunately, both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells tend to
genetic instability leading to the formation of teratomas. In parallel studies scientists try to use of stem cells isolated
from adult tissues (e.g. bone marrow cells or adipose tissue) in the regeneration of parenchymal organs. Unfortunately,
there is no convincing evidence for most of these cells that can regenerate damaged parenchymal organs. Regenerative
medicine more frequently is employed in the otorhinolaryngological therapies. More and more researchers’
efforts are put into the development of an effective method of stimulation (in vitro) of pluripotent stem cells isolated
from adult tissue for differentiation of the renewable progenitor stem cells which can keep their potential after
transplantation into the recipient (e.g. in the treatment of imbalances or hearing loss). Moreover, there are promising
methods for employing of the stem cells potential in tissue engineering as they are more effectively introduced as a
clinical therapies.
Second primary malignant neoplasm in patient with ovarian cancer – case report
Authors: Krawczyk Przemysław Hubert , Braun Marcin , Kaczmarczyk Dariusz
Published: March 2017

Increase in the occurrence of multiple primary malignant tumours is associated with significant extention of survival rate among patients treated for malignant neoplasm. Treatment of multiple primary malignant tumours demands precise clinical evaluation, imaging, laboratory diagnostics and histopathological evaluation of the lesion. In the presented case immunohistochemical staining of lymphatic metastasis from nasopharyngeal carcinoma was mimicking distant metastasis from poorly differentiated ovarian cancer. It impeded histopathological diagnosis and required additional imaging enriched by PET-CT, which allowed the visualization of the second tumor.
The Rhode Island Dialect: An Investigation of Language Change in New England
Authors: Crocker Moira
Published: March 2017

This is an investigation into the shifting dialect boundaries of New England, wherein I investigated the speech use and speech perceptions of native Rhode Islanders to see if, like the surrounding dialects, the Rhode Island dialect is diminishing over time.
The Sources behind “The Gifts and the Calling of God Are Irrevocable” (Rom 11:29): A Reflection on Theological Questions Pertaining to Catholic-Jewish Relations on the Occasion of the 50th Anniversary of Nostra Aetate (No. 4)
Authors: Cunningham Philip A.
Published: March 2017

The 2015 Vatican statement, "The Gifts and the Calling of God Are Irrevocable" frequently draws upon or alludes to phrases and formulations found in earlier texts from Catholic ecclesiastical offices and officials without always directly citing them. By means of extensive footnotes, this version of "Gifts and Calling" provides the original wordings behind many of these allusions and references.
Gifts and Calling: Coming to Terms with Jews as Covenantal Partners
Authors: Cunningham Philip A.
Published: March 2017

This article examines the theological terminology used in the 2015 Vatican statement, "The Gifts and the Calling of God Are Irrevocable." It particularly analyzes the words "salvation," "Christ," "promise and fulfillment," and the cluster of terms "evangelization, mission, witness, and dialogue."  After noting that "Gifts and Calling" does not always carefully define its use of such expressions, and that Christians and Jews often understand even common terms in different ways, the essay also recommends terminological refinements as the Christian-Jewish dialogue further matures in the future.
Covenant, Universal Mission, and Fulfillment
Authors: Madges William
Published: March 2017

This article examines the theological relationship between Judaism and Christianity, as articulated in the 2015 document from the Pontifical Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews, entitled “The Gifts and the Calling of God are Irrevocable.” On one hand, the Vatican document re-affirms the positive estimation of Judaism expressed in the Second Vatican Council’s Nostra aetate (1965), and it rejects Christian replacement theology. On the other, it reiterates Pope Benedict XVI’s single-covenant understanding of the Jewish-Christian relationship, and it affirms a theology of fulfillment.  Although a theology of fulfillment tends in the direction of supersessionism, the Vatican document contains resources for avoiding a re-lapse into supersessionism by using sibling language to describe the relationship and by emphasizing the uniqueness of each tradition.
A CRIANÇA PRÉ-ESCOLAR: O NASCIMENTO DO SER SIMBÓLICO
Authors: Lefèvre Fernando
Published: March 2017

Trata-se, em grandes linhas, de relatar alguns aspectos do processo que se batizou de “nascimento do ser simbólico”.A hipótese é que a criança pré-escolar na faixa dos 2-6 anos, está nascendo como ser simbólico, como animal capaz de simbolizar, ou seja, manipular com seu corpo e sua menteas coisas que estão no mundo, como matéria significaste.Uma vez nascido como ser simbólico, a criança institui-se como produtor/reprodutor de sentido.A opção que se coloca para a Escola, neste momento, consiste, justamente, em se posicionar diante desta dialética produtor/reprodutor.Dando-se ênfase à formação de um ser simbólico reprodutor dos sentidos pré-existentes na cultura, estaremos optando por uma educação socializadora, adaptadora.Caso a ênfase esteja na formação de um ser simbólico produtor de sentido, estaremos optando por uma educação transforrnadora, dirigida para o uso criativo, pela criança, da sua competência simbolizaste.
REFLEXÕES ACERCA DA ABORDAGEM SOCIOLÓGICA DO CRESCIMENTO E DO DESENVOLVIMENTO DA CRIANÇA NO CAMPO DA SAUDE PUBLICA: – ASPECTOS TEÓRICO-METODOLÓGICOS
Authors: Alvarenga Augusta Thereza de
Published: March 2017

No presente trabalho procuramos refletir sobre a importância do estudo interdisciplinar sobre o crescimento e o desenvolvimento da criança no campo da Saúde Pública, quer sob a ática do avanço do conhecimento científico, quer da prática de intervenção. A partir de abordagem sociológica capaz de problematizar pontos controversos e desafiadores para os dois níveis de atuação, destacamos, por um lado, 0 falo de 0 crescimento e de 0 desenvolvimento serem tratados de forma dissociada por diferentes áreas de conhecimento e de prática, tais como a saúde, a psicologia e a educação. Por outro lado, destacamos a tendência ao emprego recorrente de esquemas teórico-metodológicos de investigação que operam, no campo da saúde, uma redução do fenómeno crescimento e desenvolvimento a paradigmas dos campos da biologia ou das ciência naturais e, nos campos da psicologia e educação, a redução do desenvolvimento aos da psicologia. Tendo em vista relevantes questões sociológicos perpassarem os diferentes níveis de tratamento da questão, buscamos abordá-las a partir de um quadro de referência teórico-metodológico no qual o processo de reprodução social pudesse ser identificado como instrumental capaz de resgatar espaços sociais de classe onde a criança cresce e se desenvolve de forma diferencial e típica Abordar o crescimento e o desenvolvimento da criança como problema de natureza social é tarefa altamente frutífera, mas sobretudo desafiante, tendo em vista os vários aspectos envolvidos numa reflexão aprofundada sobre o assunto. No entanto, nosso propósito no momento não é o de realizar grandes incursões no interior da sociologia, mas tão-somente recuperar alguns dos aspectos teórico-metodológicos que consideramos relevantes para a análise do problema, conforme temse apresentado em nível da nossa prática profissional, a Saúde Pública, constituindo-se em desafio nos estudos multidisciplinares empreendidos. Neste particular, o pressuposto básico de que partimos é o de que o crescimento e o desenvolvimento são os melhores indicadores para caracterizar o nível de saúde da população infantil. Isto porque, ao usá-los, estamos empregando o que se conhece, na área, como indicadores “positivos” das condições de saúde e não indicadores “negativos”,a exemplo do que fazemos quando medimos o nível de saúde por meio do dano maior, a morte, esse definido pelas taxas de mortalidade.