bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental Imagery and Self Hypnosis in Sports Performance
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Dr. Kishore
Published: July 2021

Self hypnosis and mental imagery are two sides of a coin, specially in case of modern sports. Hypnosis of oneself and mental imagery are totally immersive multi-sensory procedure that associates with numerous senses to create as a mental image and process it in absent of external stimuli. In the sport situation, imagery has been with a state in which person imagine while effecting abilities to deal with the future duty or improve performance capacity. Scientific analyses have stated that imagery increases performance in motor stimuli. Routines mental practice play an important role in sports and games, not only for the acquisition of motor skills, but also for preparation and sport injuries rehabilitation. Imagery techniques in sport are used for different purposes, as outlined by the process of self hypnosis and Model of Imagery Use in Sports, to improve skill acquisition, motivation, and sport confidence and to reduce anxiety.. Clinical sport hypnosis can help athletes acquire certain cognitive, psychological, behavioral and affective qualities so that their physical and mental capabilities are improved. According Wikipedia, sports hypnosis is defined as the use of hypnotherapy with athletes in order to improve sporting performance. Others define sport hypnosis as a form of mental training which can contribute to enhancing athletic performance. . It has been shown that different forms and functions of imagery prove to be effective for the above-mentioned functions depending on the characteristics of different sports and the expertise level of athletes. The present study reviews systematically the findings of other reports on various aspects of mental imagery and self hypnosis in the field of sports.
Actividad física y ejercicio físico en el desempeño motor de niños y adolescentes diagnosticados con trastorno del espectro autista: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Montalva Valenzuela Felipe , Olivares-Arancibia Jorge , Castillo-Paredes Antonio
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Examinar el efecto de las intervenciones de actividad física o ejercicio físico sobre el desempeño motor en niños y adolescentes diagnosticados con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA). Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática considerando los últimos 10 años (hasta febrero del 2021), utilizando las bases de datos Pubmed, Scopus, WoS y SciELO. Se utilizaron las siguientes palabras clave; “children” OR “adolescent” AND “autism spectrum disorder” AND “exercise” OR “physical activity” AND “motor skills” OR “performance motor”. Todas las etapas fueron desarrolladas a través del Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Resultados: La estrategia de búsqueda arrojó 169 estudios de los cuales cinco investigaciones cumplieron con los criterios de selección, evidenciando como diferentes intervenciones de actividad física y ejercicio físico producen mejoras sobre el desempeño motor en niños y adolescentes diagnosticados con TEA. Conclusión: Intervenciones basados en programas de actividad física y ejercicio físico producen mejoras en el desempeño motor en niños y adolescentes con TEA, considerando una duración de 30 min a 75 min por sesión y una o dos veces por semana.
Deployment of Applications Using Nginx Ingress Controller
Authors:   Dept. of Electronics and Communication, R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore, India -560102., S Gautham , Abhijit Maddula ,   Dept. of Electronics and Communication, R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore, India -560102., B Prof. Sahana. ,   Dept. of Electronics and Communication, R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore, India -560102.
Published: July 2021

Cloud computing is a method of storing and manipulating data by utilizing a network of remote servers. Cloud computing is becoming increasingly popular owing to its large storage capacity, ease of access, and wide range of services. Virtualization entered the picture when cloud computing progressed, and technologies or software such as virtual machines emerged. However, when customers’ computational needs for storage and servers rose, virtual machines were unable to meet those expectations owing to scalability and resource allocation limitations. As a result, containerization came into the picture. Containerization refers to the packaging of software code together with all of its necessary elements such as frameworks, libraries, and other dependencies such that they are isolated or segregated in their own container. Kubernetes used as an orchestration tool implements an ingress controller to route external traffic to deployments running on pods via ingress resource. This enables effective traffic management among the running applications avoiding unwanted blackouts in the production environment.
SFO-1 and DHA-1 genes Detection in β-lactamases-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Causing Blood Stream Infections Acquired in Intensive Care Units in Mansoura University Hospitals
Authors: Nassar Nermeen , Badr Mohammad , Nasef Nehad , Barakat Ghada
Published: July 2021

Objectives: The study aimed to detect SFO-1 and DHA-1 genes and to differentiate
AmpC with overlapped ESBL isolates. Also, it identified the risk factors aiding in
emergence the ESBL producing K.pneumoniae causing blood stream infections in ICUs
of Mansoura University Hospitals (MUHs). Methodology: This is a prospective study
that enrolled 520 blood samples. Double disk synergy test (DDST) and Modified threedimensional test were performed. Genotypic detection of SFO-1, Class A ESBL, and
DHA-1, AmpC β-lactamase was done. Results: 520 septicemic patients were enrolled
with significant correlation for adults’ acquisition of infection. The main bacteria
isolates causing nosocomial infection in septicemic patients admitted to ICU were S.
aureus, E. coli and K. pneumoniae. A significant difference in distribution of ESBL and
AmpC β-lactamases was detected with significant association between impenem
resistance and prevalence of ESBL in those patients. There was a low-occurrence of
ESBL SFO-1 and DHA-1 detected in clinical samples. Surgical intervention and CVC
were the significant risk factors for presence of ESBL but previous antibiotics and
hospital stay were non-significant effectors for presence of ESBL. Conclusion: Though
SFO-1 is a low-prevalence ESBL, it has been taken by a plasmid with many other
multiple resistance determinants including many related genes, and go together with by
a large DHA-1- plasmid.
Expression Profile of Long Non Coding RNA PVT1 in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: E. Ayoub Shymaa , I. Ahmed Tarek , Amin Amal
Published: July 2021

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic progressive inflammatory bowel
disease, many long non coding RNA (lncRNAs) have been studied to have a role in the
pathogenesis of Ulcerative colitis. Objective: is to evaluate expression level of long
noncoding RNA PVT1 in ulcerative colitis and its association with the severity of the
disease. Methodology: Sixty ulcerative colitis patients and 60 subjects were enrolled as
controls. LNCRNA PVT1 relative expression level was tested using miScript SYBR Green
PCR Kit. Results: Results showed significant differences between the patients with
ulcerative colitis and controls as regard the median of the relative expression level of
LNC PVT1 (P<0.0001). Also, there were positive significant correlations between the
expression level of LNC PVT1 and AST(r=0.398, p=0.002), WBC(r=0.473, p<0.0001) in
UC patients. The ROC curve analysis of LNC PVT1 revealed; LNC PVT1; AUC=0.784,
P<0.0001, cut off point 1.06, sensitivity 73.3%, specificity 83.3%. Conclusion: Serum
Lnc PVT1 could be used as a potential biomarker for UC diagnosis and prognosis
BORON ON PRODUCTIVITY AND NUTRIENT STATUS OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) IN KOLE LANDS , KERALA, INDIA
Authors: Latha A , V Pillai Asha
Published: July 2021

An experiment was conducted in farmer’s field at different locations of kole lands to study the effect of micro nutrient Boron on yield and soil nutrient status of rice during 2012-2014. The treatments comprised of different levels of B viz; 2.5 kg Borax/ ha, 5 kg Borax/ha, 10 kg Borax/ha, 12.5 kg Borax/ha, 15 kg Borax/ha and untreated control. Observations on growth characters, yield attributes, yield and soil and plant nutrient status were recorded. The application of 15 kg borax /ha recorded the maximum number of panicles/m2 , number of grains /panicles, thousand grain weight, grain and straw yield of rice. The results of pooled data on plant and soil nutrient status revealed that application of boron had a positive effect on uptake and availability of nutrients in soil. The study concluded that the soil application of borax@ 15 kg /ha was found to be good for correcting the deficiency in B deficient areas of Kole lands.
DETERMINATION OF SOME ESSENTIAL AND NON-ESSENTIAL MINERAL ELEMENTS IN EDIBLE TISSUE IN THREE FISH SPECIES FROM GREATER ZAB RIVER, ERBIL GOVERNORATE, KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ
Authors: Mala Abd Barakat Samad , Omar Samad Sofy
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the current study was to determine certain mineral components in edible tissue in different species of fish from Greater Zab River, Erbil Governorate- Kurdistan Region-Iraq. A total of 180 fish namely Capoeta trutta, Chondrostoma regium and Leuciscus cephalus were collected from Gali Balinda, Bn Khiveta, Galiesule, Pirsal and Bekhme between July and November 2019. After removal of eviscerated, deboned, head and fins, fish were washed with purified water and muscle samples were collected above the lateral line between the dorsal fin and the caudal fin, then dried for important and non-essential metals examination at 750 C for 48 h. Results showed that levels of K, Na, P, Ca, Cd and Hg in the edible tissue of Chondrostoma regium fish were significantly higher than in the Capoeta trutta and Luciobarbus esocinus fish, whereas the edible tissue in Capoeta trutta exhibited the highest mean values for lead, barium and arsenic. In all species, the highest concentrations of K, Na, and Mg were recorded in Gali Balinda, whereas the highest concentration of P and Ca were recorded in Pirsal during studied period. According to the results, the government should have environmental policies to improve, keep and enrich the water quality assessment in Greater Zab River
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF DIOSCOREA BULBIFERA L. FRUITS
Authors: Mohanty M. , Choudhury R. , Kumar S. , Maggirwar R.
Published: July 2021

Dioscorea bulbifera (Pita aalu) is a medicinal plant belongs to famility Dioscoreaceae, used to cure various diseases like malaria, diarrhoea, diabetes, dysentery, cancer, piles and skin infections. We designed the present study to analyse phytochemical and antibacterial activity of D. bulbifera fruit so as to conform its edible property. For this we followed phytochemical screening of the fruit extracts and found that it is consist of tannin, saponin, phenols, steroids, terpenoids and some carbohydrates in high concentration. The antibacterial activity of aqueous extract of the fruit against Streptococcus mutans pathogen was determined by using agar well diffusion, disc diffusion and broth dilution assay. From the results it was confirmed that the aqueous extract of the fruits of D. bulbifera showed high inhibition zone at 100µg/ml is 19 mm in agar well diffusion, 14 mm in disc diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentratiom (MIC) of extract of D. bulbifera arranged in respect to the parts from 100 µg/ml, 200 µg/ml, 300 µg/ml, 400 µg/ml, 500µg/ml and inoculums control showed visible growth due to no antimicrobial agents, whereas the broth control showed no growth due to absence of bacteria. Presence of primary and secondary metabolites indicates the nutraceutical value of D. bulbifera fruits. So the fruits of D. bulbifera can be used as a tool against antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP IBU TERHADAP KURANG GIZI PADA DI KOMPLEK VETERAN PERCUT SEI TUAN
Authors: Siregar Roswanita
Published: July 2021

Nutrisi adalah elemen yang terdapat dalam makanan dan dapat digunakan secara langsung oleh tubuh seperti karbohidrat, protein, lemak, vitamin, mineral, dan air. Nutrisi yang seimbang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh terutama pada bayi yang masih dalam masa pertumbuhan. Dimana pertumbuhan berlangsung cepat seorang balita membutuhkan makanan yang berkualitas dan kuantitas yang tepat dan seimbang.  Desain penelitian deskriptif korelasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Populasi adalah keseluruhan objek penelitian atau objek yang diteliti. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu yang memiliki anak di komplek Dusun VIII yang berjumlah 30 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling yaitu dengan menggunakan semua objek yang dijadikan sampel dalam populasi               Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan dari 30 responden yang disurvei ada 9 responden berpengetahuan baik mayoritas responden mempunyai sifat gizi positif sebanyak 8 responden (26,7%). Dari 16 responden yang berpengetahuan cukup mayoritas responden memiliki sikap positif tentang gizi sebanyak 10 responden (33,3%) dan dari 5 responden berpengetahuan kurang sebagian besar memiliki sikap negatif sebanyak 4 responden (13,3%).   Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa responden memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup dan memiliki sikap yang positif. Diharapkan petugas kesehatan dapat memberikan penyuluhan guna meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu tentang gizi pada bayi.
Application of AVAZ inversion algorithm based on exact formulas to a wide-azimuth seismic survey data
Authors: Dugarov G. A. , Nefedkina T. V. , Bogatyrev I. Yu. , Goreiavchev N. A. , Mitrofanov G. M. , Olneva T. V.
Published: July 2021

Results of applying of nonlinear AVAZ inversion optimization algorithm to data from 3D wide-azimuth seismic survey in the Republic of Serbia are presented. The algorithm is based on exact reflection coefficients formulas for PP reflection from anisotropic medium. We compare it with a conventional algorithm based on Ruger linear approximation of P-wave reflection from a boundary between isotropic and anisotropic (HTI) media. Maps of fracture orientation and anisotropy degree are more detailed in the case of using AVAZ inversion based on exact formulas. The results are in general accordance with the FMI well data, which indicates reliable performance of the algorithm.
A new method for monitoring wells productivity index dynamics
Authors: Davletbakova L. A. , Gabitova S. I. , Klimov V. Yu. , Shuvaev D. V. , Edelman I. Ya. , Shmidt S. А.
Published: July 2021

А method for monitoring wells productivity index dynamics from the moment of its start-ups is proposed. It allows detecting candidates for conducting well tests (WT) and well interventions for the increase of a daily production. The method is based on an integral analysis using pressure maps and well tests. Application of this method on the Salym group of oilfields has allowed concluding about wells stock status, about productivity index dynamics in time, also to make an assumption about the reasons for its change. The analysis showed that productivity index relative changes in horizontal wells lower than in slanted wells.
Study of seismoacoustic effects in an producing oil horizontal well based on a fiber-optic cable sensor DAS
Authors: Ipatov A. I. , Andrianovsky A. V. , Gubarev A. Yu. , Voronkevich A. V. , Galimzyanov R. M. , Solovyova V. V.
Published: July 2021

The possibilities of using distributed remote optical fiber-optic acoustic DAS cable-sensors for horizontal production wells for the purpose of directional seismic-acoustic profiling of sections in the inter-well space had been studied. For the first time, a seismic reaction to the shutdown of neighboring production wells had been recorded using stationary permanent fiber-optic monitoring systems. The conditions for the successful implementation of seismicacoustic crosswell sounding on the developed oil deposits had been determined.
Mercury isotopic compositions in fine particles and offshore surface seawater in a coastal area of East China: Implication for Hg sources and atmospheric transformations
Authors: Xu Lingling , Shi Jiayan , Chen Yuping , Zhang Yanru , Yang Mengrong , Chen Yanting , Yin Liqian , Tong Lei , Xiao Hang , Chen Jinsheng
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Isotopic compositions of Hg in atmospheric particles (HgPM) are probably the mixed results of emission sources and atmospheric processes. Here, we present Hg isotopic compositions in daily fine particles (PM2.5) collected from an industrial site (CX) and a nearby mountain site (DMS) in a coastal area of East China, as well as in surface seawater close to the industrial area, to reveal the roles of anthropogenic emission sources and atmospheric transformations in varying Hg isotopes. The PM2.5 samples displayed significant spatial difference in δ202Hg. For the CX, the negative δ202Hg values were similar to those of source materials and HgPM contents were well correlated with other chemical tracers, indicating the dominant contributions of local industrial activities to HgPM2.5. Whereas the observed positive δ202Hg at the DMS was likely associated with regional emissions and extended photo-reduction during transport. Δ199Hg values in PM2.5 from the CX and DMS were comparable positive. The unity slope of Δ199Hg versus Δ201Hg over all data suggests that the odd-MIF of HgPM2.5 was primarily induced by photo-reduction in aerosols. The positive Δ200Hg values with minor spatial difference were probably associated with photo-oxidation of Hg0 which is generally enhanced in the coastal environment. Total Hg in offshore surface seawater was characterized by negative δ202Hg and near-zero Δ199Hg and Δ200Hg, which are indistinguishable from Hg isotopes of source materials. Overall, industrial PM2.5 had comparable δ202Hg values but more positive Δ199Hg and Δ200Hg as compared to surface seawater. The results indicate that atmospheric transformations would induce significant fractionation of Hg isotopes, which obscures Hg isotopes of anthropogenic emissions.
Anthropogenic and natural controls on atmospheric δ13C-CO2 variations in the Yangtze River delta: insights from a carbon isotope modeling framework
Authors: Hu Cheng , Xu Jiaping , Liu Cheng , Chen Yan , Yang Dong , Huang Wenjing , Deng Lichen , Liu Shoudong , Griffis Timothy J. , Lee Xuhui
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) mixing ratio and its carbon
isotope (δ13C-CO2) composition contain important CO2 sink
and source information spanning from ecosystem to global scales. The
observation and simulation for both CO2 and δ13C-CO2 can be
used to constrain regional emissions and better understand the anthropogenic
and natural mechanisms that control δ13C-CO2 variations.
Such work remains rare for urban environments, especially megacities. Here,
we used near-continuous CO2 and δ13C-CO2 measurements, from
September 2013 to August 2015, and inverse modeling to constrain the
CO2 budget and investigate the main factors that dominated
δ13C-CO2 variations for the Yangtze River delta (YRD) region, one of the largest anthropogenic CO2 hotspots and densely populated regions
in China. We used the WRF-STILT model framework with category-specified
EDGAR v4.3.2 CO2 inventories to simulate hourly CO2 mixing ratios
and δ13C-CO2, evaluated these simulations with observations, and
constrained the total anthropogenic CO2 emission. We show that (1) top-down and bottom-up estimates of anthropogenic CO2 emissions agreed well (bias < 6 %) on an annual basis, (2) the WRF-STILT model can
generally reproduce the observed diel and seasonal atmospheric
δ13C-CO2 variations, and (3) anthropogenic CO2 emissions played a much larger role than ecosystems in controlling the δ13C-CO2
seasonality. When excluding ecosystem respiration and photosynthetic
discrimination in the YRD area, δ13C-CO2 seasonality increased
from 1.53 ‰ to 1.66 ‰. (4) Atmospheric transport processes in summer amplified the cement CO2 enhancement proportions in the YRD area, which dominated monthly δs (the
mixture of δ13C-CO2 from all regional end-members)
variations. These findings show that the combination of long-term atmospheric carbon isotope observations and inverse modeling can provide a
powerful constraint on the carbon cycle of these complex megacities.
A historical reconstruction of cropland in China from 1900 to 2016
Authors: Yu Zhen , Jin Xiaobin , Miao Lijuan , Yang Xuhong
Published: July 2021

Abstract. A spatially explicit cropland distribution time-series
dataset is the basis for the accurate assessment of biogeochemical processes
in terrestrial ecosystems and their feedback to the climate system; however,
this type of dataset is lacking in China. Existing cropland maps have a
coarse resolution, are intermittently covered, or the data are inconsistent.
We reconstructed a continuously covered cropland distribution dataset in
China spanning from 1900 to 2016 by assimilating multiple data sources. In
total, national cropland acreage expanded from 77.72 Mha in 1900 to a peak
of 151.00 Mha in 1979, but it consistently decreased thereafter to 134.92 Mha in 2016. The cropland was primarily distributed in three historically
cultivated plains in China: the Sichuan Plain, the Northern China Plain, and
the Northeast China Plain. Cropland abandonment was approximately 43.12 Mha:
it was mainly concentrated in the Northern China Plain and the Sichuan Plain
and occurred during the 1990–2010 period. Cropland expansion was over 74.37 Mha: it was primarily found in the southeast, northern central, and
northeast regions of China and occurred before 1950. In comparison, the
national total and spatial distribution of cropland in the Food and
Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations and the History
Database of the Global Environment (HYDE) were distorted during the period
from 1960 to 1980 due to the biased signal from the Chinese Agricultural
Yearbook. We advocate that newly reconstructed cropland data, in which the
bias has been corrected, should be used as the updated data for regional and
global assessments, such as greenhouse gas emission accounting studies and food
production simulations. The cropland dataset is available via an open-data
repository (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13356680; Yu et al., 2020).
A Generative Adversarial Model for Radar Echo Extrapolation Based on Convolutional Recurrent Units
Authors: Zheng Kun , Liu Yan , Zhang Jinbiao , Luo Cong , Tang Siyu , Ruan Huihua , Tan Qiya , Yi Yunlei , Ran Xiutao
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Precipitation nowcasting play a vital role in preventing meteorological disasters and doppler radar data acts as an important input for nowcasting models. The traditional extrapolation method is difficult to model highly nonlinear echo movements. The key challenge of the nowcasting mission lies in achieving high-precision radar echo extrapolation. In recent years, machine learning has made a great progress in the extrapolation of weather radar echoes. However, most of models neglect the multi-modal characteristics of radar echo data, resulting in blurred and unrealistic prediction images. This paper aims to solve this problem by utilizing the feature of the GAN that can enhance the multi-modal distribution modelling, and design the radar echo extrapolation model of GAN-argcPredNet. The model composed of argcPredNet generator and a convolutional neural network discriminator. In generator, a gate control data memory and output are designed in the rgcLSTM prediction unit of the generator, thereby reducing the loss of spatiotemporal information. In discriminator, model uses a dual-channel input method, which enables it to strictly score according to the true echo distribution, and has a more powerful discrimination ability. Through experiments on the radar data set of Shenzhen, China, the results show that the radar echo hit rate (POD) and critical success index (CSI) increased by 5.5 % and %10.4 % compared with rgcPredNet, the false alarm rate (FAR) is reduced by 15 %~20 %. From the comparison of the result graph and the evaluation index, we also found a problem. The recursive prediction method will produce the phenomenon that the prediction result will gradually deviate from the true value over time. In addition, the accuracy of high-intensity echo extrapolation is relatively low. This is a question worthy of further investigation. In the future, we will continue to conduct research from these two directions.
Robust historical evapotranspiration trends across climate regimes
Authors: Hobeichi Sanaa , Abramowitz Gab , Evans Jason P.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Evapotranspiration (ET) links the hydrological, energy and carbon cycles on
the land surface. Quantifying ET and its spatio-temporal changes is also key
to understanding climate extremes such as droughts, heatwaves and flooding.
Regional ET estimates require reliable observation-based gridded ET
datasets, and while many have been developed using physically based,
empirically based and hybrid techniques, their efficacy, and particularly
the efficacy of their uncertainty estimates, is difficult to verify. In this
work, we extend the methodology used in Hobeichi et al. (2018) to derive two
new versions of the Derived Optimal Linear Combination Evapotranspiration
(DOLCE) product, with observationally constrained spatio-temporally varying
uncertainty estimates, higher spatial resolution, more constituent products
and extended temporal coverage (1980–2018). After demonstrating the efficacy
of these uncertainty estimates with out-of-sample testing, we derive novel ET climatology
clusters for the land surface, based on the magnitude and variability of ET
at each location on land. The new clusters include three wet and three dry
regimes and provide an approximation of Köppen–Geiger climate classes.
The verified uncertainty estimates and extended time period then allow us to
examine the robustness of historical trends spatially and in each of these
six ET climatology clusters. We find that despite robust decreasing ET
trends in some regions these do not correlate with behavioural ET clusters.
Each cluster, and the majority of the Earth's surface, shows clear robust
increases in ET over the recent historical period. The new datasets DOLCE
V2.1 and DOLCE V3 can be used for benchmarking global ET estimates and for
examining ET trends respectively.
Detecting anisotropic segmental dynamics in disordered proteins by cross-correlated spin relaxation
Authors: Kauffmann Clemens , Ceccolini Irene , Kontaxis Georg , Konrat Robert
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Among the numerous contributions of Geoffrey Bodenhausen to NMR spectroscopy, his developments in the field of spin-relaxation methodology and theory will definitely have a long lasting impact. Starting with his seminal contributions to the excitation of multiple-quantum coherences, he and his group thoroughly investigated the intricate relaxation properties of these “forbidden fruits” and developed experimental techniques to reveal the relevance of previously largely ignored cross-correlated relaxation (CCR) effects, as “the essential is invisible to the eyes”. Here we consider CCR within the challenging context of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and emphasize its potential and relevance for the studies of structural dynamics of IDPs in the future years to come. Conventionally, dynamics of globularly folded proteins are modeled and understood as deviations from otherwise rigid structures tumbling in solution. However, with increasing protein flexibility, as observed for IDPs, this apparent dichotomy between structure and dynamics becomes blurred. Although complex dynamics and ensemble averaging might impair the extraction of mechanistic details even further, spin relaxation uniquely encodes a protein's structural memory. Due to significant methodological developments, such as high-dimensional non-uniform sampling techniques, spin relaxation in IDPs can now be monitored in unprecedented resolution. Not embedded within a rigid globular fold, conventional 15N spin probes might not suffice to capture the inherently local nature of IDP dynamics. To better describe and understand possible segmental motions of IDPs, we propose an experimental approach to detect the signature of anisotropic segmental dynamics by quantifying cross-correlated spin relaxation of individual 15N1HN and 13C′13Cα spin pairs. By adapting Geoffrey Bodenhausen's symmetrical reconversion principle to obtain zero frequency spectral density values, we can define and demonstrate more sensitive means to characterize anisotropic dynamics in IDPs.
Sea-level variability and change along the Norwegian coast between 2003 and 2018 from satellite altimetry, tide gauges and hydrography
Authors: Mangini Fabio , Chafik Léon , Bonaduce Antonio , Bertino Laurent , Nilsen Jan Even Øie
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Sea-level variations in coastal areas can differ significantly from those in the nearby open ocean. Monitoring coastal sea-level variations is therefore crucial to understand how climate variability can affect the densely populated coastal regions of the globe. In this paper, we study the sea-level variability along the coast of Norway by means of in situ records, satellite altimetry data, and a network of eight hydrographic stations over a period spanning 16 years (from 2003 to 2018). At first, we evaluate the performance of the ALES-reprocessed coastal altimetry dataset by comparing it with the sea-level anomaly from tide gauges over a range of timescales, which include the long-term trend, the annual cycle and the detrended and deseasoned sea level anomaly. We find that coastal altimetry outperforms conventional altimetry products at most locations along the Norwegian coast. We later take advantage of the coastal altimetry dataset to perform a sea level budget along the Norwegian coast. We find that the thermosteric and the halosteric signals give a comparable contribution to the sea-level trend along the Norwegian coast, except for three, non-adjacent hydrographic stations, where salinity variations affect the sea-level trend more than temperature variations. We also find that the sea-level annual cycle is more affected by variations in temperature than in salinity, and that both temperature and salinity give a comparable contribution to the detrended and deseasoned sea-level along the entire Norwegian coast.
Aluminous clay and pedogenic Fe oxides modulate aggregation and related carbon contents in soils of the humid tropics
Authors: Kirsten Maximilian , Mikutta Robert , Kimaro Didas N. , Feger Karl-Heinz , Kalbitz Karsten
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Aggregation affects a wide range of physical and biogeochemical soil
properties with positive effects on soil carbon storage. For weathered
tropical soils, aluminous clays (kaolinite and gibbsite) and pedogenic Fe
(oxyhydr)oxides (goethite and hematite; termed “Fe oxides”) have been
suggested as important building units for aggregates. However, as
aluminosilicates, aluminum hydroxides, and Fe oxides are part of the
clay-sized fraction it is hard to separate how certain mineral phases
modulate aggregation. In addition, it is not known what consequences this
will have for organic carbon (OC) persistence after land-use change. We
selected topsoils with unique mineralogical compositions in the East
Usambara Mountains of Tanzania under forest and cropland land uses, varying
in contents of aluminous clay and Fe oxides. Across the mineralogical
combinations, we determined the aggregate size distribution, aggregate
stability, OC contents of aggregate size fractions, and changes in
aggregation and OC contents under forest and cropland land use. Patterns in
soil aggregation were rather similar across the different mineralogical
combinations (high level of macroaggregation and high aggregate stability).
Nevertheless, we found some statistically significant effects of aluminous
clay and pedogenic Fe oxides on aggregation and OC storage. An aluminous
clay content > 250 g kg−1 in combination with
pedogenic Fe contents < 60 g kg−1 significantly
promoted the formation of large macroaggregates > 4 mm. In
contrast, a pedogenic Fe content > 60 g kg−1 in
combination with aluminous clay content of < 250 g kg−1
promoted OC storage and persistence even under agricultural use. The
combination with low aluminous clay and high pedogenic Fe contents displayed
the highest OC persistence, despite conversion of forest to cropland causing
substantial disaggregation. This indicates that aggregation in these
tropical soils is modulated by the mineralogical regime, causing moderate
but significant differences in aggregate size distribution. Nevertheless,
aggregation was little decisive for overall OC persistence in these highly
weathered soils, where OC storage is more regulated by direct
mineral–organic interactions.
Spatial parameters for transportation: A multi-modal approach for modelling the urban spatial structure using deep learning and remote sensing
Authors: Stiller Dorothee , Wurm Michael , Stark Thomas , D'Angelo Pablo , Stebner Karsten , Dech Stefan , Taubenböck Hannes
Published: July 2021

A significant increase in global urban population affects the efficiency of urban transportation systems. Remarkable urban growth rates are observed in developing or newly industrialized countries where researchers, planners, and authorities face scarcity of relevant official data or geo-data. In this study, we explore remote sensing and open geo-data as alternative sources to generate missing data for transportation models in urban planning and research. We propose a multi-modal approach capable of assessing three essential parameters of the urban spatial structure: buildings, land use, and intra-urban population distribution. Therefore, we first create a very high-resolution (VHR) 3D city model for estimating the building floors. Second, we add detailed land-use information retrieved from OpenStreetMap (OSM). Third, we test and evaluate five experiments to estimate population at a single building level. In our experimental set-up for the mega-city of Santiago de Chile, we find that the multi-modal approach allows generating missing data for transportation independently from official data for any area across the globe. Beyond that, we find the high-level 3D city model is the most accurate for determining population on small scales, and thus evaluate that the integration of land use is an inevitable step to obtain fine-scale intra-urban population distribution.
Crossing shadows: Bridging the voices of hard-boiled detective and noir crime fiction
Authors: Mallon Christopher
Published: July 2021

This paper discusses the notion of Voice. It attempts to articulate the nature of voice in hard-boiled detective fiction and noir crime fiction. In doing so, it examines discusses how these narrative styles, particularly found within private eye novels, explores aspects of the subjectivity as the narrator-investigator; and, thus crossing and bridging a cynical, hard-boiled style and an alienated, reflective voice within a noir world.
Un análisis cuantitativo del acceso abierto en las revistas de Humanidades Digitales
Authors: Martínez Cantón Clara Isabel
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo consiste en un estudio del acceso abierto en un corpus de revistas de Humanidades Digitales seleccionado bajo unos estrictos criterios.

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es proporcionar una imagen fidedigna de la publicación periódica en Humanidades Digitales, centrado sobre todo en el nivel de apertura de sus publicaciones y en su relación con otras dimensiones, como la procedencia de la revista, el tipo de editorial, lenguas de publicación, etc. y listando otras características como visibilidad de las publicaciones (DOAJ, SHERPA/RoMEO, y SCOPUS), años en activo de la publicación, cargos de publicación y periodo de embargo. El estudio llevado a cabo sobre un corpus de 38 revistas seleccionadas de la disciplina revela que las revistas de Humanidades Digitales se inclinan mayoritariamente por el acceso libre a mayor nivel. Únicamente una de ellas no permite ningún tipo de acceso abierto, mientras que 7 de ellas son híbridas (vía verde si los autores no pagan, vía dorada si pagan cargos), una es de acceso dorado y las 29 restantes son de acceso diamante. Es decir, el 76,3% de las revistas del corpus son de acceso abierto platino o diamante, sin coste para autores ni lectores, y en el que los costes de publicación se abordan con ayudas, software libre, trabajo voluntario, etc.

Este estudio quiere visualizar la posición de las publicaciones del ámbito de las Humanidades Digitales en una época en que la Ciencia Abierta está revolucionando el paradigma de la comunicación científica.
Obituarios académicos y homenajes póstumos: legados científicos para el campo de la Cienciometría
Authors: Piumbato Innocentini Hayashi Maria Cristina , Masson Maroldi Alexandre , Massao Hayashi Carlos Roberto
Published: July 2021

Los obituarios académicos y los homenajes póstumos son narrativas que consagran trayectorias biográficas de talento y mérito. El objetivo del artículo fue investigar cómo los legados científicos de líderes intelectuales e inspiradores para el campo de la Cienciometría son reconocidos por sus pares en obituarios académicos y homenajes póstumos. Las contribuciones teóricas y metodológicas de la investigación provienen de las Ciencias de la Información y la Sociología de la Ciencia. A través de categorías cuantitativas y cualitativas, se analizaron obituarios académicos (n=48) y homenajes póstumos (n=77) publicados en revistas científicas. Al trazar el perfil de los obituariados, obituaristas y obituarios, el estudio realizado destacó las principales contribuciones de los obituarios al campo de la Cienciometría y demostró que los obituarios académicos pueden aportar elementos capaces de revelar los legados científicos y el impacto inspirador de estos investigadores para sus campos de conocimiento.
El archivo señorial de El Viso, en los Alcores de Sevilla
Authors: Sánchez González Antonio
Published: July 2021

El Viso del Alcor quedó segregado del término de Carmona y de la jurisdicción del rey desde fines del siglo XIV pasando a ser tierra de diversos señores. En 1440 se incorporó a los dominios de la familia Saavedra, un linaje afincado en Sevilla que había conseguido diversas posesiones en dicho reino, principalmente la villa de Castellar junto a Gibraltar, gracias a su apoyo a la Monarquía en las conquistas del reino de Granada. En 1539 Carlos V concedía a Juan de Saavedra el título de conde de Castellar, en recompensa a la trayectoria de servicio a la Corona que, como señores de vasallos y caudillos militares en la frontera de Granada, el linaje Saavedra venía protagonizando desde la Baja Edad Media. Estos señores de El Viso y condes de Castellar entroncaron después, a partir del siglo XVII, con otras casas nobiliarias peninsulares, pasando su Archivo a incorporarse sucesivamente, primero en el siglo XVIII, al de los duques de Santisteban del Puerto y, definitivamente en 1818, al de los duques de Medinaceli. El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer el Archivo del señorío de El Viso, desde su formación hasta nuestros días, tratando de sus escrituras, de su organización documental y su disposición actual, para facilitar el camino a futuras investigaciones sobre estos fondos.
Los libros de D. Pedro Antonio de Aragón (1611-1690) en la Biblioteca del Palacio de Peralada
Authors: Padrosa Gorgot Inés
Published: July 2021

Se pretende dar a conocer la biblioteca peraladense, una de las bibliotecas privadas más importantes de Cataluña, iniciada por los hermanos Rocabertí, y asimismo divulgar los libros de D. Pedro Antonio de Aragón que en ella se preservan. Este legó su biblioteca al Monasterio de Poblet, guardándose allí durante dos siglos y medio. Desgraciadamente, debido a la Ley de Desamortización emitida durante el Trienio Liberal (1820-1823), la biblioteca fue confiscada. El resultado fue que una gran parte de sus fondos se estropearon y otra se desperdigó.
Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder Index
Authors: Özal Şeyda , Atalay Güzel Nevin , Yiğit Kaptan Ahmet , Kağan Eren Toygun , Kafa Nihan
Published: July 2021

Objectives: This study aims to adapt the Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder (WOOS) index specific to shoulder osteoarthritis into Turkish and to evaluate its validity and reliability.

Patients and methods: The WOOS index was translated and culturally adapted into Turkish, systematically. It was applied to a total of 68 patients (17 males, 51 females; mean age: 61.5±8.7 years; range, 45 to 80 years) with osteoarthritis of the shoulder treated conservatively. The reliability of the scale was checked through internal consistency and test-retest methods. Internal consistency was analyzed with Cronbach alpha value. Test-retest reliability was assessed using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with 25 patients. The Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC), the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and the Society of American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment (ASES) scores were used to conduct concurrent validity.

Results: The Cronbach alpha value of the scale was found to be excellent as 0.92 (p<0.001). The ICC value was also excellent as 0.97 (p<0.001). There was an excellent positive correlation with WORC (0.847; p<0.001) and a very good positive correlation with SPADI (0.788; p<0.001). It was also negatively very good to correlate with the ASES (-0.754; p<0.001). Additionally, subsections of WOOS had a good correlation with the corresponding subsections of WORC (0.779-0.664; p<0.001).

Conclusion: The Turkish version of the WOOS index is a valid and reliable tool and is recommended for use in the assessment of patients with osteoarthritis of the shoulder.
The external fixation can be a good alternative to plate-screw treatment in the surgical treatment of bilateral distal radius fractures: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zafer Dağtaş Mirza , Kays Ünal Ömer
Published: July 2021

Objectives: We aimed to compare the outcomes of two surgical treatment options, external fixator (EF) or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), in patients with bilateral distal radius fractures (DRFs).

Patients and methods: Twenty-one patients (11 males 10 females; mean age: 40.0±16.0 years; range, 20 to 67 years) who underwent ORIF (n=10) or EF (n=11) due to bilateral DRF at between January 2011 and December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Q-DASH) was used to calculate functional and symptomatic evaluation. The MAYO wrist scores were used to evaluate pain, functional status, ROM, and grip strength and the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHOQ) was used to measure hand performance in daily life.

Results: The operation time was statistically significantly longer in the ORIF group, compared to the EF group (p<0.001). Radial shortening was statistically significantly greater in the EF group, compared to the ORIF group (p<0.001). While the Q-DASH score was lower in the EF group on Day 15 and at one and two months (p<0.001, for each), it was similar between the groups at one year (p=0.507). The MAYO wrist score was higher in the EF group on Day 15 and at one and two months and one year (p<0.05, for each). While the MHOQ score was higher in the EF group on Day 15 and at one and two months (p<0.001, for each), it was similar between the groups at one year (p=0.557).

Conclusion: In bilateral DRF cases, hand functions in the first two months after treatment were better in the EF group, compared to the ORIF group. This functional difference between the two groups gradually decreased in the first year and reached similar levels. Our results demonstrate that EF can be a good alternative in the surgical treatment of bilateral DRFs owing to its acceptable results, particularly in the short-term.
Effects of adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction on osteochondral defects treated by hyaluronic acid-based scaffold: An experimental study
Authors: Alper Şahin Abdullah , Değirmenci Erdem , Engin Özturan Kutay , Fırat Tülin , Kükner Aysel
Published: July 2021

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effect of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) on osteochondral defects treated by hyaluronic acid (HA)-based scaffold in a rabbit model.

Materials and methods: Eighteen white New Zealand rabbits were randomly grouped into the experimental group (n=9) and control group (n=9). In all groups, osteochondral defects were induced on the weight-bearing surfaces of the right femoral medial condyles, and a HA-based scaffold was applied to the defect area with microfractures (MFs). In this study, 1 mL of adipose-derived SVF was injected into the knee joints of the rabbits in the experimental group. For histological and macroscopic evaluation, four rabbits were randomly selected from each group at Week 4, and the remaining rabbits were sacrificed at the end of Week 8. Macroscopic assessments of all samples were performed based on the Brittberg scoring system, and microscopic evaluations were performed based on the O’Driscoll scores.

Results: Samples were taken at Weeks 4 and 8. At Week 4, the O’Driscoll scores were significantly higher in the control group than the experimental group (p=0.038), while there was no significant difference in the Brittberg scores between the two groups (p=0.108). At Week 8, the O’Driscoll score and Brittberg scores were statistically higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p=0.008 and p=0.007, respectively). According to the microscopic evaluation, at the end of Week 8, the cartilage thickness was greater in the experimental group, and nearly all of the defect area was filled with hyaline cartilage.

Conclusion: Application of adipose-derived SVF with MF-HA-based scaffold was better than MF-HA-based scaffold treatment in improving osteochondral regeneration. Therefore, it can be used in combination with microfracture and scaffold to accelerate cartilage regeneration, particularly in the treatment of secondary osteoarthritis.
Comparison of clinical and radiological results of fixation methods with retrograde intramedullary Kirschner wire and plate-screw in extra-articular metacarpal fractures
Authors: Baydar Mehmet , Aydın Abdurrahman , Şencan Ayşe , Orman Osman , Aykut Serkan , Öztürk Kahraman
Published: July 2021

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to compare clinical and radiographic outcomes of retrograde intramedullary Kirschner-wire (K-wire) fixation with those of plate-screw (PS) fixation.

Patients and methods: A total of 98 metacarpal shaft fractures in 75 patients (65 males, 10 females; mean age: 31.2±10.9 years; range, 16 to 65 years) were included between January 2011 and December 2017. The total joint active range of motion (AROM) and grip strength of the healthy and broken hands were evaluated. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) scores were recorded. We compared surgery duration, number of fluoroscopy images, and cost-effectiveness for each technique.

Results: The overall mean follow-up was 21.9 (range, 12 to 56) months. At the last follow-up, total joint AROM (p=0.072), VAS score (p=0.298), QuickDASH score (p=0.132), and hand grip strength (p=0.947) were similar between the groups. Radiological union occurred in the PS and K-wire groups in a mean of 5.84 (range, 3 to 8) and 4.46 (range, 3 to 20) weeks, respectively (p=0.173). A significant difference was found in surgery duration (p=0.021) and number of fluoroscopy images (p<0.05) between the PS and K-wire groups. Two wound complications were observed in the PS group and one with K-wires.

Conclusion: Retrograde intramedullary K-wire fixation has certain advantages such as being less invasive and more accessible with shorter operation time, compared to PS fixation. Similar radiological and clinical scores can be obtained in patients undergoing retrograde intramedullary K-wire fixation or PS fixation.