bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of the Statistical Methods Used in Original Articles Published in Iranian Journal of Public Health from 2015-2019: A Review Article
Authors: Bahariniya Sajjad , Madadizadeh Farzan
Published: August 2021

Background: Nowadays, statistical methods are used frequently in research articles. This review study aimed to determine the statistical methods used in original articles published in Iranian journal of public health (IJPH).
Methods: Original articles in the period 2015 to 2019 from volumes 44 to 48 and numbers 1 to 12 were reviewed by a 3-member committee consisting of a statistician and two health researchers. The statistical methods, sample size, study design and population, type of used software were investigated. Multiple response analysis (MRA), Kruskal–Wallis test and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to data analysis. All analyzes were performed in SPSS21 software. Significant level was set at 0.05.
Results: Statistical population in most of the articles were related to human samples at the field level (36% and 297 articles). 66.6% (549 articles) had the sample size less than 500 cases. Study design in most of them were analytical observational 56.2% (464 cases). Acceptance period was 115.5 ± 52.27 days. All the mentioned variables had no significant relationship with the acceptance period (P>0.05). Both among the total tests and the articles, the highest rate of use of statistical methods was related to descriptive statistical method (34.4%, 75.8% and 532 articles), also, the highest use of tests was related to chi square test  and t-test( (29%(450 articles)).
Conclusion: Study design in most of the articles were analytical, to increase thematic diversity, accepting different articles seems necessary. The statistical tests, which used in most articles, were simple, so accepting articles with advanced statistical methods is recommended.
Evaluation of the Outcome of Antiviral Therapy among Individuals Infected HIV-1 in Suqian District of Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Zhang Zhenjiang , Su Jing , Shen Xin , Pei Bing , Zhu Fang , Ji Huichun , Shi Tingting , Yan Youde
Published: August 2021

Background: To evaluate the condition of antiviral therapy (ART) for individuals infected HIV-1 in Suqian district of Jiangsu Province, China.
Methods: Altogether, 561 HIV-positive patients who received antiviral therapy in Suqian district in 2019 were recruited. EDTA anticoagulated blood was collected and separated to obtain the plasma samples. Viral load (VL) were tested for evaluating the outcome of ART. Then samples with VL beyond 1000IU/mL were used to conduct the molecular test in order to master the characters of HIV-1 and the prevalence of resistance strains.
Results: VL results showed that the virus in 91.1% of the patients who received continuous antiviral treatment for more than 6 months were effectively inhibited (VL ≤ 1000 IU / ml). Among the 50 patients who failed in the treatment, 46 HIV-1 pol gene sequences were obtained, and the positive rate was 92.0%. The most prevalent strain was CRF_ 07bc (32.6%), and new epidemic strains, such as 67_01B、79_0107、87_cpx, were popular in this district. Drug resistance test results showed that 56.5% of the patients failed in antiviral treatment due to drug resistance, mainly resistant to the national first-line antiviral drug 3TC. Drug-resistant strains were not found in 43.5% of the patients.
Conclusion: ART achieved a satisfied result in Suqian district, but the main cause resulting in ART-failure was resistant, so it is very necessary to enhance the education of adherence prior to the initiation of ART.
High Cadmium Levels in Individuals with Depressive Mood: Results from the 2008–2013 Korean National Health and Nutri-tion Survey
Authors: Hwang In Cheol , Ahn Hong Yup
Published: August 2021

Background: The relationship between cadmium (Cd) exposure and depression remains unclear. This nationwide study aimed to compare the levels of blood Cd with the presence of depressive mood in Korean adults.
Methods: From the 2008–2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 10,968 individuals over 20 yr old were identified. Data on demographics, health behaviors, depressive mood, and blood Cd (B-Cd) levels were used in the analysis. Estimated levels of B-Cd were drawn from multivariate regression models.
Results: Higher age-adjusted B-Cd levels were noted among women, rural residents, people who have a low economic or educational status, smoke currently, drink frequently, or have depressive mood than the counterpart groups. In fully adjusted models, men with depressive mood exhibited significantly higher B-Cd levels than those without depressive mood, and these levels were strongly mediated by smoking status.
Conclusion: Our results suggest a need for Cd accumulation screening among individuals with depressive mood.
Efficacy Evaluation on the Color Doppler Ultrasound, Multislice Spiral CT Combined with Serum Markers in Diagnosis of Primary Hepatic Carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Xiaolan , Xia Yifang , Li Chunjing , Wang Dapeng
Published: August 2021

Background: The efficacy of color Doppler ultrasound, multislice spiral CT combined with serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and alpha-fetoprotein heterogeneity (AFP-L3) in the diagnosis of primary hepatic carcinoma was evaluated.
Methods: Seventy-nine patients with primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC group) and 50 patients with benign liver lesions (benign control group) admitted in Yantaishan Hospital (Yantai, China) from January 2016 to December 2018 were selected. The liver was scanned by color Doppler ultrasound and multiple multislice spiral CT. The serum AFP and AFP-L3 levels were detected by electrochemiluminescence. The value of color Doppler ultrasound, multislice spiral CT combined with serum AFP and AFP-L3 in diagnosis of primary liver cancer was retrospectively analyzed.
Results: The color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) showed a high-speed and high-resistance spectrum. The serum AFP and AFP-L3 levels of patients with primary hepatic carcinoma were significantly higher than those of the benign control group were (U=138.000 and 155.500, P=0.000 and 0.000), P<0.01. The sensitivity, accuracy and negative predictive value of color Doppler ultrasound, multislice spiral CT combined with serum AFP and AFP-L3 examinations for diagnosis of primary hepatic carcinoma were 96.20, 90.70 and 93.18%, which was significantly improved compared with each single examination (X2=27.888, 17.511 and 16.202, P=0.000, 0.002 and 0.003), P<0.01.
Conclusion: Color Doppler ultrasound, multislice spiral CT combined with AFP and AFP-L3 examination could significantly improve the diagnosis efficiency of primary hepatic carcinoma, which was beneficial to early clinical diagnosis and early treatment.
Human Risk Due to Radon and Heavy Metals in Soil
Authors: H. El-Araby Entesar , Salman Khaled A. , Mubarak Fawzia
Published: August 2021

Background: We investigated the human risk due to radon and heavy metals (HM) in soil.
Methods: Samples were collected in 2017 from 10 representative geographical locations at Jazan region of southwestern Saudi Arabia and analyzed for elements (Al, Ca, Cu, Ni, Sr Fe, Mg, B, Co, Cr, V, Zn, Mn, Ba, Cd, and Pb). Elements were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Radon (Rn) was measured using solid-state nuclear detector (SSNTDs).
Results: The maximum human risk was due to Al, which had the highest concentration, where the lowest human risk was due to Cd. The maximum radon concentration was obtained at El-Mazab area with value of 381.05 Bq/m3which leads to 6.55 mSv/y and 78.94 Bq/m2d annual effective doses and radon exhalant rate respectively. Average equivalent and effective dose to different organs due to radon concentration was estimated. Hazard Index due to both carcinogenic and non-cancer hazards were calculated it exceeds permissible level for child due to Nickel and Chromium hence there is a significant risk on children in the study area.
Conclusion: HM concentrations were over limits in some places according to the human activities, municipal waste disposal, fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture. In addition, soil is porous permit dispersion of radon to the atmosphere.
There Is a Third Condition Aside from Survival and Death that Affects Outcome Statistics: Terminal Discharge
Authors: Xu Jianqiao , Chen Yongqiang , Wang Jiang , Yang Guixiu , Yan Peng , Duan Zhimei , Xie Lixin , Mo Guoxin
Published: August 2021

Background: Some patients discharged automatically are classified as terminal discharge, while their clinical outcome is survival, disrupting the results of clinical research.
Methods: The data of this study were taken from inpatients admitted to the ICU of the First Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China from 2008-2017. We collected the data regarding medications used over the three days before discharge from the group of patients who survived and the group of patients who died, and the outcomes of all patients were recalculated by three classification algorithms (AdaBoosting, Pearson correlation coefficient, observed to expected ratio-weighted cosine similarity). Our basic assumption is that if the classification result is death but the actual in-hospital outcome is survival, the associated patient was likely terminally discharged.
Results: The coincidence rate of the outcomes calculated by the AdaBoosting algorithm was 98.1%, the coincidence rate calculated by the Pearson correlation coefficient was 61.1%, and the coincidence rate calculated by the observed to expected ratio-weighted cosine similarity was 93.4%. When the three classification methods were combined, the accuracy reached 98.56%.
Conclusion: The combination of clinical rules and classification methods has a synergistic effect on judgments of patients’ discharge outcomes, greatly saving time on manual retrieval and reducing the negative influence of statistics or rules.
Upregulation of miRNA-155 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Pa-tients
Authors: Lao Thuan Duc , Nguyen Minh Trong , Nguyen Dung Huu , Huyen Le Thuy Ai
Published: August 2021

Background: The upregulation of miRNA-155 (miR-155) has been associated with oncogenesis of many human tumors, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the profile of miR-155 in Vietnamese NPC patients has not been investigated. The current study aimed to evaluate the miR-155 expression and assess whether miR-155 is a potential biomarker for diagnosis of NPC in Vietnamese patients.
Methods: In current case-control study, total of RNA was isolated from 60 biopsy NPC samples and 60 non-cancerous swab samples were analyzed by Reverse-transcription PCR, qualitative Real-time PCR.
Results: The frequency of miR-155 detection were 78.33%, 15.0% in NPC and non-cancerous samples (P<0.05), respectively. The miR-155 expression level was 4.92 times higher in tumor samples than non-cancerous sample.
Conclusion: Taken together, miR-155 in NPC was upregulated. It may serve as a potential biomarker for NPC in the Vietnamese population.
Influences of Public Medical Insurance System on Labor Health Status and Supply
Authors: Bai Bing , Zhang Yan , Liu Yanbo
Published: August 2021

Background: The emergence of COVID-19 in 2020 has brought dramatic impacts to the global economy. The resulting health crisis and widespread fear have triggered labor shortage problems such as high job vacancy rate and low labor participation rate. Thus, how to increase the labor supply has become a hotspot among scholars. We aimed to analyze the influences of public medical insurance system on labor health status and supply.
Method: Using the China Health and Nutrition Survey five-phase panel data, the new rural cooperative medical system was taken as an example to empirically analyze the influences of public medical insurance system on the individual health status and labor supply via the panel Tobit model and panel binary Logit model. The analysis revealed the mediating effect of health status.
Results: First, Public medical insurance system could significantly improve individual health status. Second, public medical insurance system will lengthen the labor supply time and elevate the labor supply rate by improving individual health status. Third, the influences of public medical insurance system on labor health status and supply vary with gender and age.
Conclusion: Public medical insurance system will generate positive influences on labor health status and labor supply. Hence, perfecting the public medical insurance system is able to mitigate the negative impacts of population aging and pandemic on the labor supply.
Public Intention to Prepare for Earthquakes: Psychometric Prop-erties of Persian Version
Authors: Ranjbar Maryam , Soleimani Ali Akbar , Saleh Sedghpour Bahram , Mohammadi Shahboulaghi Farahnaz , Paton Douglas , Noroozi Mehdi
Published: August 2021

Background: People are still not prepared for earthquakes in vulnerable areas although preparedness considered an effective way of reducing the disastrous consequences. A proper tool was needed to assess the predicting factors of mitigation behaviors in a large vulnerable community who speak Persian. This study aimed to introduce the valid and reliable Persian version of public intention to prepare against earthquakes.
Methods: Translation, validation and reliability checking articulated according to the standard methodology for Forward-Backward translation and psychometric evaluation. Totally, 369 Tehran households were selected through stratified random sampling from Oct 2016 to Jun 2017. Exploratory Factor Analysis used to check the construct validity of all scales.
Results: Face, content and construct validity of all scales confirmed (S-CVR: .65) and (S-CVI/Universal: .98). The finalized Persian version (69 items in 8 scales) showed good reliability over time in test-retest (ICC: .92) and high internal consistency both in the pilot (α: .94) and main studies (α: .94). No significant floor and ceiling effects were found in any of scales.
Conclusion: Persian version of Earthquake Public Intention to Prepare is applicable as a valid and reliable instrument for research regarding disaster preparedness in Persian speaking communities.
Increased Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Oxidative Damage in Patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Authors: Esfahanian Fatemeh , Mirabdolhagh Hazaveh Mojgan , Hooshmand Garehbagh Laya , Falahati Kowsar , Ataei Mitra , Sanati Mohammad Hossein , Jadali Zohreh
Published: August 2021

Background: The purpose of present study was to investigate mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and mtDNA damage in peripheral blood of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and healthy controls (HC).
Methods: The relative mtDNAcn and oxidative DNA damage in this case-control study were measured in peripheral blood of 50 patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and 50 healthy controls using quantitative real-time PCR. The study was conducted in Tehran University of Medical Sciences hospital, Tehran, Iran in 2018.
Results: HT patients had significantly higher mitochondrial DNA copy number and mitochondrial oxidative damage than the comparison group.
Conclusion: These data suggest the possible involvement of mitochondria and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of HT.
Dietary Quality Index and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Adult Women
Authors: Zamani Behzad , Daneshzad Elnaz , Darooghegi Mofrad Manije , Namazi Nazli , Larijani Bagher , Bellissimo Nick , Azadbakht Leila
Published: August 2021

Background: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease is dramatically increasing particularly in developing countries. Among the different factors, diet has an important role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. This study aimed to assess the relationship between dietary quality index-international (DQI-I) and cardiovascular risk factors in adult Iranian women.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 371 participants, aged 20-50 yr, and recruited from 10 health centers from health centers affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran in 2018. Usual dietary intake was evaluated by a validated and reliable 168-items food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). To assess overall quality of diet, the Dietary Quality Index-International (DQI) was used. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and fasting blood of samples were taken to assess biochemical parameters related to cardiovascular disease.
Results: The results of linear regression showed that DQI-I score was inversely and directly associated with serum level of total cholesterol (TC) (0.27, confidence interval (CI): 0.13-0.58; P<0.001) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (2.53, CI: 1.42-4.52; P=0.001), respectively. However, there was no significant association between DQI-I and other cardiovascular risk factors.
Conclusion: A greater DQI-I score was associated with preferable lipid profile including TC and HDL-C. Future large-scale, prospective cohort or clinical studies are required to confirm these findings.
A Factual Survey on the Injury of Youth Athletes for Prevention and Management
Authors: Kim In-Dong , Cho Ji-Hoon , Lim Seung-Taek
Published: August 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Acute Coronary Syn-drome with and Without Chronic Kidney Disease and Physicans Atitude Regarding Theraphy in the Two Groups
Authors: Moisi Mădălina Ioana , Vesa Cosmin Mihai , Roșan Larisa , Țica Otilia , Zaha Carmen Dana , Ardelean Adriana , Katalin Babeș , Popescu Mircea Ioachim
Published: August 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Global Trends in Hantavirus Research: GIS Mapping and Visu-alization Analysis
Authors: Zou Lu-Xi , Sun Ling
Published: August 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
The Relationship between Physical Fitness and Selected An-thropometric and Cardiometabolic Parameters in Adults
Authors: Lipkova Jana , Medekova Helena , Chovanec Lukas , Hirosova Katarina , Samohyl Martin , Kachutova Ivana , Argalasova Lubica , Jurkovicova Jana
Published: August 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Is Nurses' Job Satisfaction Related to Occupational Health and Safety Management?
Authors: Khaleghi Saeed , Sadeghi Moghaddam Ali , Moradi Yaser , Jafarizadeh Hossein , Ghalavand Mostafa , Poursadeqiyan Mohsen , Kavari Seyed Habibollah
Published: August 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
The incidence of hypophosphatemia in the early posttransplant period in renal transplant recipients and its association with graft function
Authors: ISIKTAS SAYILAR Emel
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of posttransplant hypophosphatemia in the early posttransplant period among renal transplant recipients in relation to its impact on renal graft function.
Methods: A total of 78 renal transplant recipients who were transplanted between January 2016 and March 2020 were included in this retrospective single center study. Data on laboratory findings (phosphate, creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], albumin, serum corrected calcium and parathyroid hormone [PTH] levels) at pre- and posttransplant 3 month follow up period were recorded.
Results: Hypophosphatemia was detected in 16 (20.8%), 13 (16.7%) and 7 (9.1%) patients at the posttransplant day 10, month 1 and month 3, respectively. Posttransplant day 10 and day 30 measurements revealed significantly lower serum creatinine values (p < 0.001 and p < 0.07, respectively) and significantly higher eGFR values (p = 0.009 and p = 0.036, respectively) in the hypophosphatemic group compared to the normophosphatemic group. Serum phosphate displayed linear relationship with creatinine at day 10 (r=0.687, p < 0.001), day 30 (r=0.301, p = 0.007), while not correlated with PTH levels at posttransplant day 10, day 30 and day 90.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that hypophosphatemia is common in the early posttransplant period, particularly first month after kidney transplantation, being associated with better renal graft function.
Clima-Organizacional Estudiantil en Contexto de Diversidad Cultural, Aplicando un Modelo de Correlación en el Norte de Sinaloa
Authors: Viramontes-Olivas Oscar Alejandro , García Ernesto Guerra , Ávila René Arroyo , Díaz María del Rosario de Fátima Alvidrez , Terrazas Cesar Báez
Published: August 2021

El Clima organizacional (Co) es importante para estimular, impulsar y mejorar la productividad del Recurso humano (Rh) que genera, crea, promueve, gestiona y mantiene constante innovación para el desarrollo grupal e individual. Se analizaron condiciones de Co en estudiantes de tres unidades académicas de una Universidad intercultural en Sinaloa para detectar, fortalezas, debilidades, oportunidades y amenazas. Se aplicaron 1,176 encuestas (escala Likert-siete niveles), con 70 preguntas, siendo validada por alfa de Cronbach (0.86). El muestreo fue por Método Aleatorio Estratificado, Afijación Proporcional con nivel de confianza (97%) y error (2.8%) para N=5,375. Se estratificó por unidad y carrera, en el caso de Los Mochis, se tuvo una muestra de (n=703); Mochicahui, (n=361) y Choix, (n=112). Las variables medidas fueron: Servicio a estudiantes (Se), Respeto a la Diversidad Cultural (Rdc), Cohesión (Cn), Gestión (Gn), Área Física (Af) y Equidad (Eq). Se aplicó el Coeficiente de Correlación (Pearson) con regresión bivariada y multivariada. Se fue estadísticamente significativa con Co (r=0.787 P<0.01); Co con Rdc (r=0.761 P<0.01); Co con Cn (r=0.832 P<0.01); Co con Gn (r=0.834 P<0.01); Co con Af (r=0.796 P<0.01) y Co con Eq (r=0.820 P<0.01). La R2 fue de 91.8%. De acuerdo al predictor de las seis variables analizadas las más significativas en orden de importancia fueron: Af, Se, Gn, Eq, Rdc y Cn, para la toma de decisiones. Las fortalezas son que la Universidad es incluyente; sus debilidades son: existe una organización y gobierno “vertical”, fragmentando la unidad; amenazas, desunión y falta de comunicación; oportunidades, sus programas están certificados y con calidad educativa.
Drivers of Public Health Expenditure in Kenya: Do Structural Breaks Matter?
Authors: Amutabi Cyprian
Published: August 2021

Health forms the basic foundation of the quality of human life, which is an ultimate ingredient towards the productivity and efficiency of an economy. The rapid growth of health expenditure has emerged as an enormous concern for many households and governments globally. This study used timeseries data for the period 1985–2018 in unearthing the drivers of healthcare expenditure in Kenya, with a central focus on the role of health shocks. The study also sought to assess whether structural breaks mattered in a healthcare expenditure model. A public healthcare expenditure model was estimated using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The findings revealed the presence of a long-run relationship between public health expenditure and its determinants in Kenya. Population growth rate and CO2 emissions (proxy to respiratory illnesses) were found to significantly and positively determine public health expenditure in the short run. This impact was insignificant in the long run. Similarly, GDP per capita and the number of HIV/AIDs infections positively and significantly determined public health expenditure in the long run. A key finding of this study highlighted the importance of testing for structural breaks in analyzing a time-series healthcare expenditure model. Previously, this is something that has been largely omitted in the Kenyan healthcare context. The structural break dummy variables significantly determined public health expenditure and, therefore, their incorporation in the model yielded a more accurate forecast with better econometric estimates. The findings will be useful in informing the government’s health budgetary allocation as well as the design of appropriate shock mitigation policies. This is paramount for the country in achieving not only Universal Health Coverage but also high-quality medical care to its citizens as envisioned in the ‘Big Four Agenda’ government priorities.
The Prevention and Reduction of the Bullwhip Effect by Electronic Data Interchange and Collaborative Forecasting
Authors: Jardini Bahija
Published: August 2021

The bullwhip effect is a phenomenon of curious amplification of variations in demand as one moves away from the final customer. Popularized by Lee and al., (1997), the bullwhip effect has negative consequences on all actors in the supply chain because it generates considerable loss of profits: Too much stock, loss of sales, poor customer service, insufficient quality and multiple disruptions of flow and organization. To prevent and reduce the bullwhip effect, various tools are recommended. The Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is among the most important given its impact on accelerating information sharing throughout the supply chain. This paper aims to shed light on the role of EDI, VMI (Vendor-managed inventory) and CPFR (collaborative planning forecasting and replenishment) in the prevention and reduction of the bullwhip effect in the supply chain.
Assessing the Achievement Testing Practices of Teachers in Junior High Schools in the Sissala East Municipality of Ghana
Authors: Zakariya Jallu , Cobbinah Andrews
Published: August 2021

The study sought to find out whether Junior High School teachers in the Sissala East Municipality of Ghana follow the basic prescribed principles in the construction, administration and scoring of classroom achievement tests. A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The study employed multistage sampling techniques (purposive, stratified, and simple random sampling procedures) to select a sample of 248 teachers from the Sissala East Municipality. A questionnaire was used for the data collection and its reliability was 0.8. Data were analysed using frequencies, means, and standard deviation. The results showed that generally, Junior High Schools teachers in the Sissala East Municipality adhere to most principles of test construction and test administration but had little knowledge of the principles in the scoring test. It was recommended that more workshops and in-service training should be organized for teachers in Junior High Schools concerning their testing practices (i.e., construction, administration and scoring of tests).
Revue de Litterature du Concept « Performance Logistique » : Un Essai de Synthese
Authors: Bakkouri Alae El
Published: August 2021

La performance est une notion complexe, ambiguë et difficile à définir. Auparavant, elle se focalise sur les notions d’efficacité et d’efficience (la réduction des coûts) et elle est la plupart du temps centrée sur la dimension financière. En effet, l’aspect multidimensionnel de la performance est aujourd’hui confirmé, et elle devient un concept qui intègre différentes dimensions pour la définir et différents indicateurs de mesure. Dans le contexte de la chaîne logistique, la performance logistique a fait l’objet de nombreux travaux de recherche, notamment ces dernières années. Certaines recherches s’intéressaient à l’amélioration du fonctionnement du processus productif et à l’optimisation de la planification. D’autres recherches ont étudié les facteurs clés de la performance organisationnelle. Ce présent travail aura comme objectif central de présenter la diversité des regards possibles sur la notion de performance logistique et ses différents indicateurs et référentiels.
The Impact of a Health-run on Remittances and Financial Inclusion
Authors: Mbu Sunday Agbor , Nso Maurice Ayuketang
Published: August 2021

The study examines the impact of health runs or crises on financial remittances and inclusion. Data were collected through a survey questionnaire administered to a sample of 60 respondents made up of financial services employees and users of financial services, irrespective of their age and years of trade experience. Results show that remittances and financial inclusion levels should be affected adversely due to the coronavirus ( COVID-19) health run. The magnitude of the negative effect of a health crisis on financial remittances and inclusion as measured by the correlation matrix is strong, but comparatively the same for the assessed variables. Our findings reveal that a severe global health crisis would force an exponential decline in remittances and financial inclusion. Findings further reveal that there exists no relationship between financial remittances and financial inclusion under a health crisis. The study here recommends measures policymakers can use to boast financial flows and inclusion during a period of a severe global health crisis.
Analyse du Contexte Politique et Socio-Economiques et des Differences Qu’il Peut Apporter au Marketing Politique en Tant Que Concept Theorique : Maroc - Legislatives 2016
Authors: Hajar Makry
Published: August 2021

En dépit de l’attention qu’a reçue le marketing politique et des progrès conceptuels et empiriques qui ont été accomplis, les chercheurs reconnaissent souvent les différences et les difficultés de conceptualisation et d’opérationnalisation de ce construit. L’action politique est un événement contextuel et est le résultat de nombreuses influences. À travers des recherches documentaires et des entretiens semi-directifs avec des observateurs-experts (journalistes et académiciens) en matière de la chose politique, cette contribution a essayé de voir si le marketing politique présentedes caractéristiques similaires dans des contextes politique et socioéconomique différents. Nous soutenons l’idée d’une prise en considération plus explicite des facteurs contextuels dans la dynamique des actions marketing des partis politiques au Maroc. La présente contribution est le résultat d’une étude de contextualisation de notre travail de recherche sur le marketing politique et la performance électorale. Un contexte délimité en l’année législative 2016.
The Impact of Exchange Rate on Ethiopia’s Coffee Export
Authors: Argaie Solomon Tewelde
Published: August 2021

Although coffee constitutes the largest share of exports, producers in Ethiopia have historically received a small percentage of the export revenue from the price of green coffee. Reasons often mentioned are heavy government intervention and high marketing and processing costs. Before 1992, government regulation of the domestic coffee market in the form of fixed producer prices and the Ethiopian Coffee Marketing Corporation's monopoly power put a substantial wedge between the producer price and the world price of coffee by imposing an implicit tax on producers. Having liberalized the market and adopted a floating exchange rate regime to boost exports (coffee) as the country struggles with foreign exchange shortages, not much has improved in exports (coffee) or foreign reserve availability. This paper utilizes monthly data from 2010-2015 to develop a multiple regression model to determine the impact the exchange rate has on coffee export if there is any. The empirical findings indicate that the exchange rate is not significant in determining or influencing exports but the prices of the two famous coffee types (Arabica and Robusta). Corroborated by the research outcome, we suggest that policymakers do not rely on the depreciation or devaluation of the ETB (Ethiopian Birr) as a tool for export promotion and growth.
Enhancing Tax Administration to Micro Businesses Through Digital Technology: An Exploratory Study in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Gomera William Clifford , Oreku George , Shau Innocent
Published: August 2021

Many studies have shown the importance of Micro Businesses in widening the tax base. However, a practical approach regarding tax administration of micro businesses has so far never been explored. Additionally, information on the manner in which digital technology addresses challenges of tax administration in the Tanzanian context is limited. Therefore, this study explores the potentials of digital technology in enhancing tax administration of micro businesses. Specifically, the study looks at the current tax administration of micro businesses, the challenges thereon, and the existing potentials of technological solutions in enhancing tax administration of micro businesses. The study used mixed method research approach whereby qualitative and quantitative data were collected through interviews and questionnaires respectively. Interviews were conducted to 24 informants from Tanzania Revenue Authority and questionnaires were administered to 137 micro businesses in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Thematic approach was used to analyse qualitative data and descriptive analysis was used for quantitative data. The study finding reveal that the current tax practices to micro businesses do not comply with tax theories of low administration cost, wide tax base, and simple to administer tax procedures. Additionally, micro businesses face multiple levies, informal operations, and complexity of tax systems that make compliance to tax administration difficult. Moreover, this study established that mobile technology is potential for addressing the challenges. The study contributed to the practical aspect of tax administration that can guide policy makers, researchers and tax administrators in tax administration of micro businesses.
The Impact of Scandalous News in the Automobile Manufacture on Companies from the Same Industry: A Comparative Study on the Chinese and European Markets
Authors: Mews Anastasia
Published: August 2021

This paper examines the effect of scandalous news on corporate reputation of rival firms from the same industry and investigates the effects’ differences in China and in Europe, providing evidence that scandalous news influences not only the target company itself, but also other companies from the industry. For this purpose, the paper uses the 2015 Volkswagen emissions scandal as a natural experiment. Volkswagen, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Audi and Porsche were selected as sample companies. To measure reputational spillover effects, cumulative abnormal stock returns and sales growth of the sample companies are calculated and compared before and after the announcement of the scandal. The methodology adopted for estimating stock returns is the event study method, which measures the impact of a specific event on the value of a firm. Stock price data is collected from Bloomberg and used to calculate cumulative abnormal returns of the sample companies. Furthermore, difference-in-differences estimation is used to compare the sample companies’ sales growth before and after the scandal. Volkswagen, Audi, BMW and Mercedes-Benz are included in the treatment group, whereas 29 non-German car manufacturers were selected as the control group. The results show that overall rival companies were affected by the scandal, cumulative abnormal returns declined by 6% and 10% for BMW and Mercedes-Benz respectively, showing the contagion effect. However, the sales growths of these two manufacturers greatly increased, specifically on the Chinese market for Mercedes-Benz and on the European market for BMW, proving dominance of the competitive effect and differences of the reputational spillover effects across countries.
Las TIC y el e-learning y su influencia en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje del idioma Inglés en estudiantes de educación superior
Authors: Martinez Silvania Gabriela Herrera , Ureña William Wilfrido Suáres , López María Fernanda Núñez , Tixi Deysi Lucía Damián , Mero Jazmin Estela Benites
Published: August 2021

En este artículo se reflexiona desde el punto de vista conceptual, sobre la influencia que las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) y el impacto que éstas han generado en los procesos de enseñanza/aprendizaje. La educación superior en Colombia ha venido transformándose en las recientes décadas, con miras a responder de manera decidida a los requerimientos de una sociedad renovada, que busca contar con profesionales más hábiles, que gestionen eficientemente procesos administrativos y académicos en Instituciones de Educación Superior en estos tiempos de globalización económica. La metodología utilizada en este estudio se enmarca en la revisión documental de investigaciones y publicaciones efectuadas en los últimos diez años. Los resultados apuntan a que las TIC han aportado considerablemente a diferentes aspectos neurálgicos, en el contexto educativo y que las aplicaciones en los procesos pedagógicos son cada vez mayores.
Innovación en la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras
Authors: Cárdenas Reyes Yeison Mauricio
Published: August 2021

Innovar se entiende como un cambio que incluye algo nuevo, diferente a lo convencional. En el campo de la enseñanza de las lenguas extranjeras se han planteado diferentes propuestas para hacer una clase distinta a lo tradicional. Propuestas que van de lo didáctico, con métodos basados en la adquisición de diferentes competencias del habla, uso de material auténtico y representación de situaciones comunicativas de la vida diaria; a la mediación de la tecnología durante el proceso formativo. No obstante, para innovar tenemos que considerar varios elementos que se deben articular en torno a un fin común: el desarrollo académico, profesional y humano del individuo; por consiguiente, la institución, el docente y el estudiante deberán asociarse y asumir un rol y un compromiso en el proceso. De esta manera, la innovación cambiaría de paradigma y se convertiría en el eje para hacer cambios estructurales en el ser humano y la sociedad.
Estado neoliberal y acumulación por desposesión a favor del capital glocal financiero
Authors: Rojas Marco Antonio Merchand
Published: August 2021

El objetivo general de este trabajo es analizar por qué la acumulación por desposesión es una de lasmodalidades que se implementan indiscriminadamente en todos los órdenes de la economía mundial y representa la mejor forma para estabilizar el sistema capitalista a favor del capital financiero y en contra de la fuerza de trabajo. Las condiciones en que el capital se impone en cada espacio económico difieren en sus métodos y maneras de reproducirse, no obstante su carácter intrínseco de enajenar o externalizar lo internalizado en  beneficio de pocos (sobre todo, de los dueños del capital) se aplica por igual en todos los países, independientemente de si estamos hablado de un país de grado alto o bajo de desarrollo. Ejemplos abundan, solo mencionaremos algunos casos: la crisis financiera de 2008, que ha significado el mayor ultraje a la població de los Estados Unidos, y, por supuesto, el caso deMéxico, donde desde hacemás treinta años se aplican políticas de ajuste y estabilización con un efecto negativo irreversible en el bienestar socioeconómico de la población.
EL TEXTO ESCOLAR SUSTENTADO EN LA RESILIENCIA PARA POBLACIONES VULNERABLES. FUSAGASUGÁ, 2008-2011
Authors: Soto Liliana Paternina
Published: August 2021

Este documento presenta el resultado de la investigación que centró en analizar el rol del texto escolar sustentado en la resiliencia como herramienta didáctica del aprendizaje del inglés como lengua extranjera en adolecentes de poblaciones vulnerables de Fusagasuga Colombia. Este texto escolar nace de la preocupación de la docente para entender  “las voces de sus estudiantes” e interpretar y describir el sentido de vida.  El problema se enmarcó en  ¿Qué incidencias tiene un texto escolar, dentro de los factores de la resiliencia Grotberg (2008) y Paternina (2011), para el seguimiento en los cambios de conducta socio-cultural de estudiantes provenientes de poblaciones vulnerables de la ciudad de Fusagasugá en el período de 2008 a 2011?. El método Grounded Theory o teoría fundamentada en datos desarrollado por Charmaz (2010)  y Glaser (1978) para el análisis de este estudio se sustentó en la investigación cualitativa, descriptiva e interpretativa de acuerdo al marco teórico de los enfoques: constructivista social Guba and Lincoln (1986, 1989, 1990), Smith (1991) y humanista de Roger (1962) y Maslow (1958) . La metodología se guió desde la historia de vida, historia oral y la educación comparada. Las estrategias se sustentaron en las  fuentes a través de  las entrevistas, el texto escolar que se elaboró, archivo del colegio. Se concluye que el texto escolar con un perfil resiliente motiva al estudiante para realizar el autoconocimiento pero este debe estar mediado continuamente por el profesor. Asimismo, se establece la relevancia  de continuar la investigación con los estudiantes que han logrado ingresar a la universidad para estudiar su capacidad de integración al sistema universitario y la deserción en el mismo.Palabras claves: Revista Historia de la Educación Latinoamericana, resiliencia, texto escolar, población vulnerable.
Effect of nitrON® cetane-detergent additive to B7 fuel on energy parameters and exhaust gas composition of a 6Dg locomotive with a Caterpillar C27 engine
Authors: CISEK Jerzy , BOROWSKI Andrzej , CAŁKOWSKA Joanna , WICHARY Łukasz
Published: August 2021

In order to avoid the negative effects of increasing the amount of RME in the fuel, the nitrON® package was used, containing 3 different additives: stabilizing, washing and increasing the cetane number of the fuel. The tests were carried out with the use of the Caterpillar C27 engine of the 6Dg locomotive connected to a water resistor. The hourly engine fuel consumption (FC), NOx concentration and exhaust opacity were measured for 3 points of the F test, in accordance with UIC 624. The concentration of the nitrON® additive in the test fuel was 1500 ppm (v / v). For idling, the reduction in FC value was only 1.5% (in relation to the base fuel), but for a very high engine load and nominal rotational speed, the percentage reduction in FC was as high as 5%. The reduction of NOx concentration for idling (as a result of using nitrON®) was approx. 10%, while for high engine load, the percentage reduction of NOx concentration in the exhaust gas exceeded 15%.
O treinamento e implementação da RDA
Authors: Holanda Paulo Marcelo Carvalho , Lourenço Cíntia de Azevedo
Published: August 2021

Introdução: A RDA anuncia grandes mudanças no processo de catalogação e uma nova maneira de representar os recursos informacionais. O treinamento e a implementação da RDA em bibliotecas requerem grandes esforças dos catalogadores. Este artigo apresenta parte dos resultados de uma dissertação de mestrado. Objetivo: Apontar as principais ações de treinamentos para implementação da RDA desenvolvidos pelos países membros que participaram do seu desenvolvimento, pelas bibliotecas de outros países e identificar as principais preferências de programas, métodos e tópicos de conteúdo para treinamento da RDA pelos catalogadores da UFMG. Método: Utilizou-se a metodologia de objetivos exploratórios e descritivos e de aspectos quantitativos, a pesquisa bibliográfica, e também, como instrumento para coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada. Resultados: Apontam que o treinamento presencial é o método preferido pelos catalogadores e o conteúdo preferido para treinamento são as mudanças em relação à RDA e AACR2. Conclusão: Ressalta-se que o treinamento é uma etapa importante para a implementação da RDA e que a identificação de preferencias de treinamentos por parte das instituições é uma passo primordial para definir bem que instrumentos de treinamentos serão utilizados e introduzidos ao pessoal de suas comunidades de informação.
Estimating the Recreational Value of the Abdanan Black Twin Lake: A Contingent Valuation Approach
Authors: Sayehmiri Ali , heidarvand Atefeh
Published: August 2021

As one of the unique destinations in Iran, Abdanan Black Twin Lake attracts many tourists yearly. Among striking features is the presence of minerals, boiling springs, and its beautiful landscape. Human beings are willing to spend money on such natural resources. An economic valuation can be interfered constructively and positively in improving environmental policies. So, quantifying these benefits is of the utmost importance. The paper mainly estimated the tourists' willingness to pay and their recreational value using the contingent valuation method. Random sampling was conducted on 384 people using the two-dimensional double-choice questionnaire in spring 2019. In the Twin Lake Recreational Value Questionnaire, the main questions were devoted to the visitors' willingness to pay, with three bids of 0.07 $, 0.14 $, and 0.22$. Among 384 respondents, 304 (79%) were willing to pay for recreational use of the lake, and 80 respondents (21%) were not. The likelihood, the model's parameters were estimated. The findings indicated the average tourists' willingness to pay for recreational value was estimated at 0.09$ per visit and the recreational value of this lake for each household was estimated at 0.40$. The findings revealed the effect of education, household income, household size and tourists' willingness to pay was significant.
Special needs children: a parent’s support in the new normal teaching pedagogy and learning alternative modality
Authors: Mallillin Leovigildo Lito D.
Published: August 2021

The study aims to know the profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender, educational attainment, and monthly family average income of parents and to identify how the support is extended by the parents on their special need children toward their studies along the area of becoming a strong advocate, getting acquainted with school regulation, learning to access additional services, developing relationship with children module tutors, and future of special need children. The descriptive quantitative research design is employed in the study. The subjects of the study are the parents of the special needs children who are enrolled in the different Higher Education Institutions (HEI) both in private and government entities in the GCC country. Twenty (20) parents are topped in the utilization of the study. A non-probability sampling technique is utilized in the study which is purposive sampling because it is appropriate in the development of the study. The results show that there is no significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and how support is extended by the parents of the special need children toward their studies.
Extent of the use of clinical supervision model for teaching practice supervision in Imo State University, Owerri
Authors: Nnorom Stanley U. , Nwogbo Vivian Ngozi , Anachuna Obinna Nonso
Published: August 2021

The seeming decline in the quality of teachers in Nigeria necessitated this study. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. Four research questions guided the study while three hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The population of the study comprised 323 respondents made up of 240 final students and 83 lecturers in the seven Departments of the faculty of Education Imo State University, Owerri. The entire population was used for the study. A researcher developed questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. The instrument was validated by three experts. The Cronbach’s alpha method was used to determine the internal consistency of the items and it yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.74. The researchers with the help of four research assistants distributed and successfully collected 298 copies of the questionnaire administered. The research questions were answered using the mean, while the hypotheses were tested using z-test at 0.05 level of significance. It was found among others that pre-observational techniques were used to a very low extent t in Imo state university Owerri for teaching practice supervision. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that conference, workshops and seminars should be organized for lecturers at Imo State University where various techniques of clinical supervision will be exposed to them towards ensuring qualitative teaching practice supervision.