bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Range reshuffling: Climate change, invasive species, and the case of Nothofagus forests in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Mathias Shar , van Galen Laura G. , Jarvie Scott , Larcombe Matthew J.
Published: September 2023

Aim

The impact of climate change on forest biodiversity and ecosystem services will be partly determined by the relative fortunes of invasive and native forest trees under future conditions. Aotearoa New Zealand has high conservation value native forests and one of the world's worst invasive tree problems. We assess the relative effects of habitat redistribution on native Nothofagus and invasive conifer (Pinaceae) species in New Zealand as a case study on the compounding impacts of climate change and tree invasions.

Location

Aotearoa New Zealand.

Methods

We use species distribution models (SDMs) to predict the current and future distribution of habitat for five native Nothofagus species and 13 invasive conifer species under two 2070 climate scenarios. We calculate habitat loss/gain for all species and examine overlap between the invasive and native species now and in future.

Results

Most species will lose habitat overall. The native species saw large changes in the distribution of habitat with extensive losses in North Island and gains mostly in South Island. Concerningly, we found that most new habitat for Nothofagus was also suitable for at least one invasive species. However, there were refugia for the native species in the wetter parts of the climate space.

Main Conclusion

If the predicted changes in habitat distribution translate to shifts in forest distribution, it would cause widespread ecological disruption. We discuss how acclimation, adaptation and biotic interactions may prevent/delay some changes. But we also highlight that the poor establishment capacity of Nothofagus, and the contrasting ability of the conifers to invade, will present persistent conservation challenges in areas of both new habitat and forest retreat. Pinaceae are problematic invaders globally, and our results highlight that control of invasions and active native forest restoration will likely be key to managing forest biodiversity under future climates.
Telehealth use and its impact on clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Shao Yixue , Shi Lizheng , Nauman Elizabeth , Price‐Haywood Eboni , Stoecker Charles
Published: September 2023

Aim

To evaluate the impact of telehealth use during the COVID‐19 pandemic on glycaemic control and other clinical outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

We used electronic health records from the Research Action for Health Network (REACHnet) database for patients with type 2 diabetes who had telehealth visits and those who only received in‐person care during the pandemic. A quasi‐experimental method of difference‐in‐difference with propensity‐score weighting was implemented to mitigate selection bias and to control for observed factors related to telehealth use. Outcomes included glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and other clinical measures (low‐density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol, blood pressure [BP], and body mass index [BMI]).

Results

Patients using telehealth had better HbA1c control compared to those receiving in‐person care only during the pandemic. The telehealth group saw a significant average decrease of 0.146% (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.178% to −0.1145%; P < 0.001) in HbA1c levels over time. The proportion of patients with average HbA1c levels >7% decreased by 0.023 (95% CI −0.034, −0.011; P < 0.001) in the treatment group relative to the comparison group. Modest benefits in the control of LDL cholesterol levels, diastolic BP, and BMI were found in association with telehealth use.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that telehealth services contributed to better glycaemic control and management of other clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes during the pandemic. Factors unmeasured in this study would need to be further explored to better understand the impact of telehealth.
Role of the tripartite motif‐containing (TRIM) family of proteins in insulin resistance and related disorders
Authors: Chen Jianrong , Feng Xianjie , Zhou Xu , Li Yong
Published: September 2023

Emerging evidence suggests that the ubiquitin‐mediated degradation of insulin‐signalling‐related proteins may be involved in the development of insulin resistance and its related disorders. Tripartite motif‐containing (TRIM) proteins, a superfamily belonging to the E3 ubiquitin ligases, are capable of controlling protein levels and function by ubiquitination, which is essential for the modulation of insulin sensitivity. Recent research has indicated that some of these TRIMs act as key regulatory factors of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest evidence linking TRIMs to the regulation of insulin resistance and its related disorders, their roles in regulating multiple signalling pathways or cellular processes, such as insulin signalling pathways, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor signalling pathways, glucose and lipid metabolism, the inflammatory response, and cell cycle control, as well as recent advances in the development of TRIM‐targeted drugs.
divraster: an R package to calculate taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity from rasters
Authors: Mota Flávio Mariano Machado , Alves‐Ferreira Gabriela , Talora Daniela Custódio , Heming Neander Marcel
Published: September 2023

Diversity metrics are widely used to better understand biodiversity patterns and help with species conservation. Taxonomic diversity alone may lack valuable information on community ecology, such as the importance of species to ecosystem functioning and evolutionary history. By combining taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity, we can complement our knowledge, particularly under climate change, by improving conservation strategies and helping to maintain biodiversity while reducing costs in the decision‐making process. However, the main tools used for computing these metrics may demand significant processing power because of their reliance on matrices, ultimately restricting their applicability. Here, we present divraster, an R package (www.r‐project.org) to calculate diversity metrics directly from species rasters, with the aim of reducing memory usage and processing power, especially when working with large datasets such as large areas, high resolution, or a high number of species. The main function of divraster can calculate changes in a given community between distinct temporal scenarios, such as present and future climate scenarios, working with taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity. It includes the partition of temporal beta diversity, making it particularly useful in ecological niche models and other macroecology studies. Additionally, divraster performs spatial calculations for both alpha and beta diversity, which are helpful in studies where time is not an issue. We also conducted a performance comparison with packages that provide similar functions and demonstrated that the divraster package outperforms them in most cases regarding memory allocation and processing time.
Cognitive impairment in ‘non‐user’ first‐degree relatives of persons with cannabis dependence syndrome: A pilot, endophenotype study
Authors: Das Shrayasi , Singh Lokesh Kumar , Tikka Sai Krishna , Spoorthy Mamidipalli Sai , Mandal Sucharita , Soni Puneet Kumar , Nandan Neethu K.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Cannabis use disorders are global emerging problem nowadays, with high prevalence and morbidity. Cognitive impairments, and also corresponding genetic vulnerability, has been fairly replicated in individuals with cannabis dependence. However, there are few studies that assess cognitive functioning as an endophenotype or a trait marker for cannabis dependence. While the primary objective of this study was to assess the endophenotype pattern of cognitive dysfunction in cannabis dependence, assessing the association between the degree of cognitive functioning, and their socio‐demographic and clinical variables in the cannabis dependence patients and their first‐degree relatives was the secondary objective.

Methodology

We compared cognitive functioning across three groups‐ patients with cannabis dependence syndrome, their ‘non‐user’ first‐degree relatives and healthy controls, with 30 participants in each group. Five cognitive domains‐ attention and concentration, verbal fluency, memory, visuospatial ability and executive functions were assessed. We assessed for endophenotype pattern of statistical significance in pairwise analyses of Kruskal‐Wallis test, which was corrected for multiple comparisons. Subsequently, correlation analysis to assess association of cognitive impairment with socio‐demographic and clinical variables was conducted.

Results

Although impairment in attention and executive functions also was seen in patients with cannabis dependence, endophenotype pattern of statistical significance in pairwise analyses, with impairment in first‐degree relatives too, was seen in all sub‐scores of verbal fluency and verbal memory. None of the correlations were significant.

Conclusion

‘Non‐user’ first‐degree relatives of patients with cannabis dependence too show significant cognitive impairment. Verbal fluency and verbal memory are possible endophenotypes or trait markers for cannabis dependence syndrome.
A precision‐based exercise program for patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Dapunt Ulrike , Ehret Pauline , Paratte Jean‐Luc , Kuehl Rea Maria , Wiskemann Joachim , Jäger Dirk , Müller‐Tidow Carsten , Raab Marc‐Steffen , Goldschmidt Hartmut
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate an interdisciplinary consultation followed by a precision‐based exercise program (PEP) for myeloma patients with stable and unstable bone lesions.

Methods

Data of myeloma patients (n = 100) who received a PEP according to an orthopedic evaluation were analyzed. Bone stability was assessed by established scoring systems (Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score [SINS], Mirels' score). All patients with stable and unstable osteolyses received a PEP and n = 91 were contacted for a follow‐up interview.

Results

In 60% of patients at least one osteolysis of the spine was considered potentially unstable or unstable. Following consultation, the number of patients performing resistance training could be significantly increased (≥2 sessions/week, 55%). Musculoskeletal pain was reported frequently. At the follow‐up interview, 75% of patients who performed PEP stated that painful symptoms could be effectively alleviated by exercise. Moreover, only patients who exercised regularly discontinued pain medication. No injuries were reported in association with PEP.

Conclusion

We were able to demonstrate that individualized resistance training is implementable and safe for myeloma patients. By means of a PEP, patients' self‐efficacy in managing musculoskeletal pain was enhanced and pain medication could be reduced.
Role of optically pumped magnetometers in presurgical epilepsy evaluation: Commentary of the American Clinical Magnetoencephalography Society
Authors: Bagić Anto I. , Bowyer Susan M. , Burgess Richard C. , Funke Michael E. , Lowden Andrea , Mohamed Ismail S. , Wilson Tony , Zhang Wenbo , Zillgitt Andrew J. , Tenney Jeffrey R.
Published: September 2023

One of the major challenges of modern epileptology is the underutilization of epilepsy surgery for treatment of patients with focal, medication resistant epilepsy (MRE). Aggravating this distressing failure to deliver optimum care to these patients is the underuse of proven localizing tools, such as magnetoencephalography (MEG), a clinically validated, non‐invasive, neurophysiological method used to directly measure and localize brain activity. A sizable mass of published evidence indicates that MEG can improve identification of surgical candidates and guide pre‐surgical planning, increasing the yield of SEEG and improving operative outcomes. However, despite at least 10 common, evidence supported, clinical scenarios in MRE patients where MEG can offer non‐redundant information and improve the pre‐surgical evaluation, it is regularly used by only a minority of USA epilepsy centers.

The current state of the art in MEG sensors employs SQUIDs, which require cooling with liquid helium to achieve superconductivity. This sensor technology has undergone significant generational improvement since whole head MEG scanners were introduced around in 1990s, but still has limitations. Further advances in sensor technology which may make ME G more easily accessible and affordable have been eagerly awaited, and development of new techniques should be encouraged. Of late, optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) have received considerable attention, even prompting some potential acquisitions of new MEG systems to be put on hold, based on a hope that OPMs will usher in a new generation of MEG equipment and procedures.

The development of any new clinical test used to guide intracranial EEG monitoring and/or surgical planning must address several specific issues. The goal of this commentary is to recognize the current state of OPM technology and to suggest a framework for it to advance in the clinical realm where it can eventually be deemed clinically valuable to physicians and patients. The American Clinical MEG Society (ACMEGS) strongly supports more advanced and less expensive technology and looks forward to continuing work with researchers to develop new sensors and clinical devices which will improve the experience and outcome for patients, and perhaps extend the role of MEG. However, currently, there are no OPM devices ready for practical clinical use. Based on the engineering obstacles and the clinical tradeoffs to be resolved, the assessment of experts suggests that there will most likely be another decade relying solely on "frozen SQUIDs" in the clinical MEG field.
Nano‐encapsulated anandamide reduces inflammatory cytokines in vitro and lesion severity in a murine model of cutaneous lupus erythematosus
Authors: McCormick Erika T. , Draganski Andrew , Chalmers Samantha , Zahn Joseph , Garcia Sayra , Nussbaum Dillon , Friedman Adam , Putterman Chaim , Friedman Joel
Published: September 2023

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune skin disease which occurs independently and in conjunction with systemic lupus erythematosus. Drug development for CLE is severely lacking. Anandamide (AEA) is a primary endocannabinoid which exhibits immunomodulatory effects through mixed cannabinoid receptor agonism. We evaluated AEA as topical treatment for CLE and assessed benefits of nanoparticle encapsulation (AEA‐NP) on cutaneous drug penetration, delivery and biological activity. Compared to untreated controls, AEA‐NP decreased IL‐6 and MCP‐1 in UVB‐stimulated keratinocytes (p < 0.05) in vitro. In BALB/c mice, AEA‐NP displayed improved cutaneous penetration, extended release and persistence of AEA in the follicular unit extending to the base after 24 h. Utilizing the MRL‐lpr lupus murine model, twice weekly treatment of lesions with topical AEA‐NP for 10 weeks led to decreased clinical and histologic lesion scores compared to unencapsulated AEA and untreated controls (p < 0.05). Prophylactic application of AEA‐NP to commonly involved areas on MRL‐lpr mice similarly resulted in decreased clinical and histologic scores when compared to controls (p < 0.05), and reduced C3 and IBA‐1 in lesional tissue (p < 0.05). The demonstrated clinical and immunomodulatory effects of treatment with AEA support its potential as therapy for CLE. This work also suggests that encapsulation of AEA improves penetration and treatment efficacy. Future studies will be conducted to assess full therapeutic potential.
Exploiting community and structural hole spanner for influence maximization in social networks
Authors: Li Xiao , Chen Ziang
Published: September 2023

Viral marketing is a frequently used social marketing strategy which aims to promote products on various social media. In order to devise an efficient viral marketing strategy, influence maximization problem is widely studied in social networks. Influence maximization problem tries to find a set of influential users who could influence social users maximally. However, existed influence maximization algorithms could not satisfy the needs of social marketers well. In social networks, community structure is an important feature where social users are closely connected together in groups, and structural hole spanners are those users who bridge different communities. In order to balance the effectiveness and efficiency of viral marketing in social networks, in this paper, we present to exploit the community structure and structural hole spanners in social networks for solving the influence maximization problem. Different to traditional algorithms, we devise a strategy to approximate social influences of social users to find seeds efficiently. In particular, for an internal user inside a community in social networks, we utilize his social influence to members inside this community to approximate his social influence in the whole social network. For a structural hole spanner who bridges multiple communities, we utilize his social influence to members in these communities to approximate his social influence in the whole network. Based on the approximate social influence, information diffusion model and greedy framework, we propose a Community and Structural Hole Spanner based Greedy (CSHS‐G) algorithm which devises several influence lists to store social influences of users and fast computation scheme to find seeds. Besides, to further improve the efficiency, we propose a Community and Structural Hole Spanner based Heuristic (CSHS‐H) algorithm which approximates social influences of structural hole spanners by utilizing their 2‐hops influences. We conduct a comprehensive performance evaluation on the crawled real‐world data set. Experimental results show that, compared to all of the baseline algorithms, our proposed algorithms not only have high efficiency, but also could guarantee larger influence spread.
Stress granule‐mediated RNA regulatory mechanism in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Sato Kaoru , Takayama Ken‐ichi , Inoue Satoshi
Published: September 2023

Living organisms experience a range of stresses. To cope effectively with these stresses, eukaryotic cells have evolved a sophisticated mechanism involving the formation of stress granules (SGs), which play a crucial role in protecting various types of RNA species under stress, such as mRNAs and long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs). SGs are non‐membranous cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules, and the RNAs they contain are translationally stalled. Importantly, SGs have been thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). SGs also contain multiple RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs), several of which have been implicated in AD progression. SGs are transient structures that dissipate after stress relief. However, the chronic stresses associated with aging lead to the persistent formation of SGs and subsequently to solid‐like pathological SGs, which could impair cellular RNA metabolism and also act as a nidus for the aberrant aggregation of AD‐associated proteins. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive summary of the physical basis of SG‐enriched RNAs and SG‐resident RBPs. We then review the characteristics of AD‐associated gene transcripts and their similarity to the SG‐enriched RNAs. Furthermore, we summarize and discuss the functional implications of SGs in neuronal RNA metabolism and the aberrant aggregation of AD‐associated proteins mediated by SG‐resident RBPs in the context of AD pathogenesis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 7–14.
RKV01 Rutile – A New Potential Archaean Reference Material for Microbeam U‐Pb Dating
Authors: Huang Chao , Wang Hao , Yang Jin‐Hui , Kamo Sandra L. , Tu Jia‐Run , Hou Zhen‐Hui , Zhang Le , Yang Yue‐Heng , Xie Lie‐Wen , Wu Shi‐Tou , Xu Lei
Published: September 2023

Rutile stands as a classical mineral within U‐Pb geochronology, offering insights into both magmatic and metamorphic events, and contributing to the understanding of provenance of detrital sedimentary rocks. Addressing the paucity of high‐quality Archaean rutile reference materials suitable for microbeam U‐Pb dating, we present a natural rutile (RKV01) sourced from the Kaap Valley pluton, South Africa, positing it as a potential Archaean reference material. Major element determination was executed via electron probe microanalysis, while trace element determination was conducted using laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS). The determination of U‐Pb ages involved the application of isotope dilution‐thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (ID‐TIMS), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and LA‐ICP‐MS. The ID‐TIMS mean 207Pb/206Pb age is 3225.61 ± 0.64 Ma (2s, MSWD = 0.83), interpreted as the best estimate for the crystallisation age. The relatively high U mass fraction (~ 83 μg g‐1), extremely low Th mass fraction (~ 0.003 μg g‐1), negligible common Pb and isotopically homogeneous compositions collectively facilitated precise 207Pb/206Pb age determination via microbeam methods. Both LA‐ICP‐MS and SIMS 207Pb/206Pb ages are characterised by reproducibility and were consistent with the ID‐TIMS age within 2s analytical uncertainty. The results underscore the potential of RKV01 rutile as an Archaean reference material for microbeam U‐Pb dating.
Cases of less‐than‐expected FVIII activity in previously treated patients during post‐marketing surveillance of N8‐GP
Authors: Oldenburg Johannes , Benson Gary , Chowdary Pratima , Halimeh Susan , Matsushita Tadashi , Nørland Anne , Wahid Mohd Nawi , Nemes Laszlo
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Turoctocog alfa pegol (N8‐GP) is a glycoPEGylated, extended half‐life (EHL), human recombinant factor VIII (FVIII) approved for the treatment and prevention of bleeding episodes in patients with haemophilia A. Since its launch in August 2019, > 800 patients have been treated worldwide.

Aim

To present data from identified post‐marketing cases of less‐than‐expected FVIII activity in previously treated patients (PTPs) without inhibitors after switching to N8‐GP.

Methods

The post‐marketing safety database was searched using keywords such as ‘coagulation FVIII level decreased’. Identified cases reported prior to 13 October 2021 were included in this report. Cases in which patients had FVIII inhibitors were excluded.

Results

Here we report 14 cases of less‐than‐expected FVIII activity. Details varied greatly amongst the cases. At presentation, FVIII activity ranged from 1% (15 min post‐dose) to 51% (2 days post‐dose). Seven patients experienced bleeding episodes after switching to N8‐GP with heterogeneity in bleeding presentations. Six out of seven patients who were tested for anti‐PEG IgG and/or IgM antibodies were positive. In all known cases, FVIII activity returned to the expected range when switched to an alternative FVIII replacement product.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the 14 reported cases of less‐than‐expected FVIII activity, without presence of detectable FVIII inhibitors, presented with heterogenous characteristics, and wide variations in FVIII activity and anti‐PEG antibody titre. FVIII activity returned to the expected range after switching to alternative FVIII products. In line with WFH guidelines, monitoring of FVIII activity can ensure FVIII activity in the expected range. The safety surveillance of N8‐GP continues.
Does the method of telehealth delivery affect the physiotherapy management of adults with bleeding disorders? A comparison of audioconferencing and videoconferencing
Authors: Russell Scott , Whitehart Simon , Mason Jane , Window Peter
Published: September 2023

Aim

To determine whether the method of telehealth delivery (audioconferencing or videoconferencing) affects the physiotherapy management of adults with inherited bleeding disorders.

Methods

A cross‐sectional observational study was utilised involving 40 physiotherapy consultations (23 initial consultations and 17 follow‐up consultations) of adults (>18) with a diagnosed bleeding disorder. Each consultation involved an initial audioconferencing component followed immediately by a separate videoconferencing component. Following each component, the physiotherapist utilised the clinical information gathered to formulate and record a management plan, and additionally recorded their confidence in this plan. Differences between the management plans and clinician confidence were recorded, including where applicable the visual information prompting a change in management plans.

Results

Audioconferencing and videoconferencing management plans differed in 40% of all consultations, including 52.0% of initial consultations and 23.5% of follow‐up consultations. Among consultations where management plans differed, this was prompted by visual information related to the anatomic location of symptoms (31.3%), the absence/presence of swelling (31.3%), joint range of movement (25.0%), and general appearance (12.5%). Median self‐reported clinician confidence of management plans increased significantly from 70.0% following audioconferencing to 93.0% following videoconferencing.

Conclusion

When utilizing telehealth, the choice between audioconferencing or videoconferencing may affect physiotherapy management of adults with bleeding disorders, particularly with initial consultations. Videoconferencing potentially leads to more appropriate management plans, clinician confidence and utilization of healthcare resources. Further high‐quality studies are required to confirm the findings of this study.
‘Implanted in us by Nature’: The Cognitive Science of Religion and its Importance for Theology
Authors: Gornandt Ruth
Published: September 2023

Abstract: The Cognitive Science of Religion (CSR) holds that religion emerges from human cognition and its intuitions. Hence, it describes religion as a ‘natural’ belief in ‘supernatural agents’. Traditional theology also maintained that there is an ‘innate’ or ‘implanted’ knowledge of God or gods. It will be argued that CSR and theology can be related, yet not in a straightforward manner. After sketching out in what sense CSR calls religion ‘natural’ and how it describes ‘supernatural agents’, this article explores some examples of the traditional theological doctrine of an ‘implanted’ knowledge of God. It shows that the reliability of such an ‘implanted’ knowledge of God was disputed among theologians and, even if it was affirmed, had an ambiguous position in theology. This also applies to CSR if it is to be related to the traditional theological doctrine. There are illuminating convergences between CSR and theology but also considerable divergences. Both, however, prove significant for theology.
High‐grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: comprehensive characterization and long‐term vulvar carcinoma risk
Authors: Thuijs Nikki B , van Beurden Marc , Duin Sylvia , Heideman Daniëlle A M , Berkhof Johannes , Steenbergen Renske D M , Bleeker Maaike C G
Published: September 2023

Aims

Adequate diagnosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and HPV‐independent vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is essential but can be challenging. We comprehensively characterized a large population‐based series of vulvar lesions, originally reported as high‐grade VIN, and assessed the cancer risk.

Methods and results

Baseline high‐grade VIN of 751 patients were categorized by histopathological reassessment, integrating the results of immunohistochemistry (p16INK4a, p53, Ki‐67) and HPV DNA testing. Integrated analyses resulted in 88.4% HPV‐associated lesions (77.0% HSIL, 10.9% low‐grade SIL [LSIL], and 0.4% vulvar squamous cell carcinoma [VSCC]), 10.9% HPV‐independent lesions (6.1% HPV‐independent VIN, 4.7% nondysplastic lesions, and 0.1% VSCC) and 1.1% inconclusive lesions. HSIL demonstrated p16INK4a block‐positivity in 99.0%, increased Ki‐67 in ≥2/3rd of the epithelium in 93.6%, and HPV positivity in 99.6%. In HSIL, a p53 wildtype mid‐epithelial staining pattern was common (51.6%) while this was not observed in HPV‐independent lesions. HPV‐independent VIN harboured mutant p53 patterns in 65.2% and showed a wide morphological spectrum, ranging from differentiated to nondifferentiated (‘HPV‐associated‐like’, in 41.3%). Kaplan–Meier analyses showed a 10‐year cancer risk of 8.0% in HPV‐associated HSIL, 67.4% in HPV‐independent VIN/p53mutant, and 27.8% in HPV‐independent VIN/p53wildtype. Strikingly, the 10‐year cancer risk was 73.3% in HPV‐independent VIN with nondifferentiated (‘HPV‐associated‐like’) morphology.

Conclusion

Immunohistochemistry by p16INK4a and p53 is highly recommended for optimal categorization into HPV‐associated and HPV‐independent VIN, which is of utmost importance given the different cancer risk. The high cancer risk of HPV‐independent VIN underscores the need for surgical treatment and close follow‐up, especially in case of a p53 mutant pattern and/or nondifferentiated morphology.
Recent insights on the clinical, pathological, and molecular features of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Naito Yushi , Kato Masashi , Nagayama Jun , Sano Yuta , Matsuo Kazuna , Inoue Satoshi , Sano Tomoyasu , Ishida Shohei , Matsukawa Yoshihisa , Tsuzuki Toyonori , Akamatsu Shusuke
Published: September 2023

Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate, a unique histopathologic entity that is often observed (especially in advanced prostate cancer), is characterized by the proliferation of malignant cells within normal acini or ducts surrounded by a basement membrane. Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is almost invariably associated with an adjacent high‐grade carcinoma and is occasionally observed as an isolated subtype. Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate has been demonstrated to be an independent poor prognostic factor for all stages of cancer, whether localized, de novo metastatic, or castration‐resistant. It also has a characteristic genetic profile, including high genomic instability. Recognizing and differentiating it from other pathologies is therefore important in patient management, and morphological diagnostic criteria for intraductal carcinoma of the prostate have been established. This review summarizes and outlines the clinical and pathological features, differential diagnosis, molecular aspects, and management of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate, as described in previous studies. We also present a discussion and future perspectives regarding intraductal carcinoma of the prostate.
Evidence of tactile arm stepping in newborns and its responsiveness to optic flows specifying self‐translation
Authors: Barbu‐Roth Marianne , Anderson David I.
Published: September 2023

Although the arms participate in many forms of human locomotion, we know very little about when arm movements emerge during locomotor development. Here we investigated whether newborns would make tactile arm stepping movements when we supported them almost horizontally so their hands touched a surface and blocked their leg movements. Building off prior work showing that newborns make more crawling and air stepping leg movements when exposed to optic flows specifying forward and backward self‐translation, we also examined whether newborns would make more tactile arm steps when exposed to forward and backward optic flows compared to a random optic flow that did not specify translation. We found that newborns can perform arm stepping and produce a significantly higher number of tactile arm steps in the optic flow condition specifying backward translation than in the random optic flow condition. Both translating optic flow conditions had significantly higher numbers of alternating arm steps than the random optic flow condition. These findings show that tactile arm stepping exists at birth and that optic flows can facilitate their production, similar to leg stepping. We argue that these results further support the idea that a quadrupedal organization underlies early upright stepping.
The beneficial effects of transitional care for patients with stroke: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Saragih Ita Daryanti , Everard Gauthier , Saragih Ice Septriani , Lee Bih‐O
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Transitional care interventions have emerged as a promising method of ensuring treatment continuity and health care coordination when patients are discharged from hospital to home. However, few studies have investigated the frequency and duration of interventions and the effects of interventions on physical function. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the efficacy of transitional care for patients with stroke.

Methods

Six databases and the grey literature were searched to obtain relevant articles from October 1, 2022 to March 10, 2023. The primary outcomes studied were motor performance, walking speed, activities of daily living (ADLs) and caregiver burden following hospital‐to‐home transitional care. The quality of the studies was assessed with Cochrane risk of bias version 2. The quality and sensitivity of the evidence were assessed to ensure rigour of the findings. Meta‐analyses were performed using stata 17.0.

Results

A total of 2966 patients were identified from 23 studies. Transitional care improved post‐stroke motor performance, walking speed and ADLs, and reduced caregiver burden.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that provision of transitional care model implementation in patients with stroke is important because it reduces disability in stroke patients and helps to decrease caregivers' burden.

Impact

The findings of the study emphasize the importance of transitional care programmes for stroke patients after they are discharged from the hospital and returned to their homes. To meet the needs of patients, all levels of health professionals including nurses should be aware of the discharge process and care plan.
Leveraging performance and feedback‐seeking indicators from a digital learning platform for early prediction of students' learning outcomes
Authors: Ober Teresa M. , Cheng Ying , Carter Matthew F. , Liu Cheng
Published: September 2023

Background

Students' tendencies to seek feedback are associated with improved learning. Yet, how soon this association becomes robust enough to make predictions about learning is not fully understood. Such knowledge has strong implications for early identification of students at‐risk for underachievement via digital learning platforms.

Objectives

We sought to understand how early in the academic year students' end‐of‐year learning outcomes could be predicted by their performance and feedback‐seeking behaviours within a digital learning platform. We analysed data collected at different time points in the academic year and across different cohorts of students within the context of high school advanced placement (AP) Statistics courses.

Methods

High school students enrolled in AP Statistics spanning three academic years between 2017 and 2020 (N = 726; Mage = 16.72 years) completed 3 or 4 homework assignments, each 2 and 3 months apart.

Results and conclusions

Across the three cohorts, and even as early as the first assignment, a model consisting of demographic variables (gender, race/ethnicity, parental education), assignment performance, and interaction with the digital score report explained significant variation in students' final course grades (R2 = 0.314–0.412) and AP exam scores (κ = 0.583–0.689). Students' assignment performance was positively associated with end‐of‐year learning outcomes. Students who more frequently checked their digital score reports tended to receive better learning outcomes, though not consistently across cohorts.

Implications

These findings further an understanding of how students' early performance and feedback‐seeking behaviours within a digital learning platform predict end‐of‐year learning outcomes.
Upregulation of FAM134B inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress‐related degradation protein expression and promotes hepatocellular carcinogenesis
Authors: Wang Houhong , Liu Lu , Gong Huihui , Li Heng
Published: September 2023

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can stimulate the proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells while hindering apoptosis and immune system function, but the molecular mechanism of ER stress in HCC has yet to be fully studied. We aim to investigate the molecular mechanism by which FAM134B inhibits autophagy of HCC cells by reducing the expression of ER stress‐related degradation proteins. Clinical samples were collected for this study. Normal liver cell lines HL7702 and Hep3B and Huh7 HCC cell lines were cultured. Construction of FAM134B knockdown cell line. Cell proliferation was measured using the CCK‐8 assay, while cell migration and invasion capabilities were detected using the plate colony formation assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the formation of autophagosomes. qRT‐PCR and WB detective expression changes related to autophagy proteins. Finally, the expression of the relevant proteins was observed by immunohistochemistry. The expression of FAM134B was significantly increased in human liver cancer tissue and HCC cell lines Hep3B and Huh7. After the lentiviral vector was transfected into Hep3B cells with sh‐FAM134B, results showed that sh‐FAM134B could effectively inhibit Hep3B cell proliferation and promote HCC cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, sh‐FAM134B could effectively induce the autophagy of Hep3B liver cancer cells. Immunohistochemistry results showed that sh‐FAM134B could effectively induce ER stress. FAM134B inhibits HCC cell autophagy and promotes the progression of liver cancer by inhibiting the expression of ER stress‐related degradation factors such as DERL2, EDEM1, SEL1L and HRD1.
Using quantitative storytelling to identify constraints in resource supply: The case of brown seaweed
Authors: Ayala Maddalen , Thomsen Marianne , Pizzol Massimo
Published: September 2023

Seaweed is increasingly considered a promising resource to produce high‐value products such as bioplastics due to potential environmental benefits such as carbon uptake and no land‐use change. However, the environmental assessment of emerging technologies for producing bioplastic from seaweed remains challenging due to the difficulties in modeling future seaweed supply and demand. Within the consequential approach to life cycle assessment, an increase in demand for seaweed is met by the marginal suppliers in the market: those that are not constrained in their capacity to increase supply in response to an increase in demand. Current methods to identify marginal suppliers are however based on quantitative information and do not consider qualitative aspects and uncertainties inherent in the study of emerging technologies. This study, therefore, proposes and tests the use of quantitative storytelling to identify marginal suppliers. The results show that there are two main groups of countries that are expected to be the marginal suppliers of brown seaweed for different reasons. Asian countries are currently the main brown seaweed suppliers and are expected to keep increasing and be marginal suppliers in the future. However, these countries have well‐established brown seaweed aquaculture and their growth is expected to be steady. On the other hand, brown seaweed suppliers in Northern Europe and North America are still emerging but are expected to grow faster in the future due to their production capacity and technological development.
The role of racial/ethnic discrimination in financial access and material hardship: Findings from Korean immigrants living in the deep south
Authors: Nam Yunju , Choi Eun Young , Won Cho Rong , Lee Hee Yun
Published: September 2023

This study examines how racial/ethnic discrimination influences financial access and material hardship, using survey data collected from self‐identified Korean immigrants living in two counties in Alabama (N = 241). Key variables are experiencing racial/ethnic discrimination, two subjective measures of financial access, and four indicators of material hardship (overall, food‐related, health insurance, and medical care). Descriptive analyses show a high rate of experiencing racial/ethnic discrimination, limited access to basic financial services and credit, and considerable rates of material hardship. Regression analyses indicate that experiencing discrimination has a significant association with access to credit but not with access to basic financial services. Access to credit has a significant and negative association with all types of material hardship. Our findings challenge the model minority myth of socially and economically integrated Asian/Korean immigrants. Results call for anti‐discrimination policies and public efforts to expand financial access and reduce material hardship among Korean immigrants.
A point prevalence study of medical device‐associated pressure injuries: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yalçin Melek , Güneş Ülkü
Published: September 2023

Aim and Objective

The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to determine the point prevalence and associated risk factors of medical device‐related pressure injuries (MDRPI) in intensive care patients in Turkey.

Background

MDRPI remain a clinical problem that has garnered the attention of healthcare professionals.

Design

This study used a cross‐sectional design and was conducted over a single day in all intensive care units.

Method

Data were collected through face‐to‐face interviews, observation, skin examination and detailed diagnosis of MDRPI development and influencing factors. Presence of pressure injuries on the skin in the areas where the patient's medical device was placed was defined. The study was reported according to the STROBE declaration.

Results

MDRPI developed in 65 out of 200 patients included in the study (32.5%). The most frequent locations were on the face (71%). The MDRPIs were commonly associated with nasogastric tube (29.2%), endotracheal tube (18.5%) and CPAP mask (15.4%). A significant proportion of these injuries were mucosal (53.8%, n = 35). The majority of the skin pressure injuries were classified as Stage II (18.5%, n = 12). The risk increased 14 times in patients who were hospitalised for 9–16 days and 13 times in those who received mechanical ventilator support.

Conclusion

The study findings suggest that MDRPI developed in approximately one of three patients hospitalised in the intensive care unit, and the length of hospital stay and mechanical ventilator support were important determining risk factors. The high prevalence of MDRPI may indicate inadequate nursing care quality. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses be aware of risk factors and evaluate the suitability and safety of medical devices.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution was involved in this study.
Effects of multicomponent exercise on quality of life, depression and anxiety among stroke survivors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Song Yuan‐Yuan , Sun Wen‐Jing , Wang Cong , Tian Yong‐Ming , Liu Huan , Jiang Yan
Published: September 2023

Background

Current guidelines stress the importance of exercise, especially multicomponent exercise to older adults with chronic conditions.

Aim

To critically synthesise evidence that evaluates the effects of multicomponent exercise on quality of life, depression and anxiety after stroke.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis followed the PRISMA 2020 statement.

Methods

A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and PsycINFO from inception to 12 June 2023 was performed. Risk of bias was assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2). Meta‐analyses were conducted using Review Manager 5.4 and narrative syntheses were adopted whenever meta‐analysis was inappropriate. The overall certainty of the evidence was rated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Results

Of 15,351 records identified, nine were eligible and data were available for seven randomised controlled trials, three of which were identified as having a high risk of bias, one as low risk, and five as having some concerns. Subgroup pooled analyses indicated that multicomponent exercise engaged in longer exercise sessions (>60 min) was effective in improving quality of life immediately post‐intervention and through 3–6 months post‐intervention. However, multicomponent exercise did not significantly affect depression and anxiety.

Conclusions

Multicomponent exercise with longer duration of exercise sessions has promising effects on both short‐ to medium‐term quality of life among stroke survivors.

Patient or Public Contribution

This does not apply to our work as it is a review paper.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Healthcare providers could consider encouraging the patients to participate in multicomponent exercise sessions for more than 60 min. It is important to note that stroke survivors should be supervised by trained personnel at the beginning of the training.

Registration

The protocol was registered on PROSPERO.
Are demographic factors, masticatory performance and structural brain signatures associated with cognitive impairment in older people? A pilot study of cross‐sectional neuroimaging data
Authors: Knijn Fleur V. , Verhoeff Merel C. , Bindels Karlijn l. , Fuh Jong‐Ling , Lin Chia‐Shu , Su Naichuan , Lobbezoo Frank
Published: September 2023

Background

The occurrence of cognitive impairment (CI) is expected to increase within an ageing population. CI is associated with tooth loss, which influences masticatory performance. A decrease in masticatory performance may cause functional and morphological changes in the brain. However, whether CI is associated with masticatory performance, demographics, and structural brain signatures has not been studied yet.

Objectives

To assess the associations between CI on the one hand, and masticatory performance, demographic factors, and structural brain signatures (i.e. cortical volume and thickness) on the other hand.

Methods

In total, 18 older adults with CI (mean ± SD age = 72.2 ± 9.5 years) and 68 older adults without CI (65.7 ± 7.5 years) were included in this study. Masticatory performance was quantified using a colour‐changeable chewing gum. A Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan was used to map structural brain signatures. To study our aim, a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis with backward selection was performed.

Results

The cortical volume of the right entorhinal cortex was negatively associated with CI (p < .01). However, demographic factors, masticatory performance, and the other structural brain signatures under investigation were not associated with CI.

Conclusion

A decrease in the volume of the right entorhinal cortex is associated with CI in older people.