bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educação e comunicação: vivências e saberes
Authors: Oliveira Diogo Lopes de , Tavares Leonardo Pereira
Published: October 2022

O segundo volume do livro “Educação e Comunicação: vivências e saberes” evidência todo processo de evolução da Educação e Comunicação ao decorrer do século XXI. A obra também exibe as dificuldades enfrentadas por docentes e discentes na pandemia do novo coronavírus e a migração do presencial para o virtual, em dinâmicas cujos impactos ainda estão por ser analisados e compreendidos. Nessa perspectiva, os diferentes eixos temáticos aqui apresentados, reforçam a importância de estudos interdisciplinares, a partir de abordagens teórico-metodológicas que em conjunto transformam, educam e geram mudanças.
Zonally asymmetric influences of the quasi-biennial oscillation on stratospheric ozone
Authors: Wang Wuke , Hong Jin , Shangguan Ming , Wang Hongyue , Jiang Wei , Zhao Shuyun
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), as the dominant mode in the equatorial stratosphere, modulates the dynamical circulation and the distribution of trace gases in the stratosphere. While the zonal mean QBO signals in stratospheric ozone have been relatively well documented, the zonal (longitudinal) differences in the QBO ozone signals have been less studied. Using satellite-based total column ozone (TCO) data from 1979 to 2020, zonal mean ozone data from 1984 to 2020, three-dimensional (3-D) ozone data from 2002 to 2020, and ERA5 reanalysis and model simulations from 1979 to 2020, we demonstrate that the influences of the QBO (using a QBO index at 20 hPa) on stratospheric ozone are zonally asymmetric. The global distribution of stratospheric ozone varies significantly during different QBO phases. During QBO westerly (QBOW) phases, the TCO and stratospheric ozone are anomalously high in the tropics, while in the subtropics they are anomalously low over most of the areas, especially during the winter–spring of the respective hemisphere. This confirms the results from previous studies. In the polar region, the TCO and stratospheric ozone (50–10 hPa) anomalies are seasonally dependent and zonally asymmetric. During boreal winter (December–February, DJF), positive anomalies of the TCO and stratospheric ozone are evident during QBOW over the regions from North America to the North Atlantic (120∘ W–30∘ E), while significant negative anomalies exist over other longitudes in the Arctic. In boreal autumn (September–November, SON), the TCO and stratospheric ozone are anomalously high from Greenland to Eurasia (60∘ W–120∘ E) but anomalously low in other regions over the Arctic. Weak positive TCO and stratospheric ozone anomalies exist over the South America sector (90∘ W–30∘ E) of the Antarctic, while negative anomalies of the TCO and stratospheric ozone are seen in other longitudes. The consistent features of TCO and stratospheric ozone anomalies indicate that the QBO signals in TCO are mainly determined by the stratospheric ozone variations. Analysis of meteorological conditions indicates that the QBO ozone perturbations are mainly caused by dynamical transport and also influenced by chemical reactions associated with the corresponding temperature changes. QBO affects the geopotential height and the polar vortex and subsequently the transport of ozone-rich air from lower latitudes to the polar region, which therefore influences the ozone concentrations over the polar region. The geopotential height anomalies associated with QBO (QBOW–QBOE) are zonally asymmetric with clear wave number 1 features, which indicates that QBO influences the polar vortex and stratospheric ozone mainly by modifying the wave number 1 activities.
A lumped species approach for the simulation of secondary organic aerosol production from intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs): application to road transport in PMCAMx-iv (v1.0)
Authors: Manavi Stella E. I. , Pandis Spyros N.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is formed in the
atmosphere through the oxidation and condensation of organic compounds.
Intermediate-volatility compounds (IVOCs), compounds with effective saturation
concentration (C∗) at 298 K between 103 and 106 µg m−3, have high SOA yields and can be important SOA precursors. The
first efforts to simulate IVOCs in chemical transport models (CTMs) used the
volatility basis set (VBS), a highly parametrized scheme that oversimplifies
their chemistry. In this work we propose a more detailed approach for
simulating IVOCs in CTMs, treating them as lumped species that retain their
chemical characteristics. Specifically, we introduce four new lumped species
representing large alkanes, two lumped species representing polyaromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) and one species representing large aromatics, all in the
IVOC range. We estimate IVOC emissions from road transport using existing
estimates of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and emission factors
of individual IVOCs from experimental studies. Over the European domain, for
the simulated period of May 2008, estimated IVOC emissions from road
transport were about 21 Mmol d−1, a factor of 8 higher than emissions
used in previous VBS applications. The IVOC emissions from diesel vehicles
were significantly higher than those from gasoline ones. SOA yields under
low-NOx and high-NOx conditions for the lumped IVOC species were
estimated based on recent smog chamber studies. Large cyclic alkane
compounds have both high yields and high emissions, making them an
important, yet understudied, class of IVOCs.
Exceptional freshening and cooling in the eastern subpolar North Atlantic caused by reduced Labrador Sea surface heat loss
Authors: Fox Alan D. , Handmann Patricia , Schmidt Christina , Fraser Neil , Rühs Siren , Sanchez-Franks Alejandra , Martin Torge , Oltmanns Marilena , Johnson Clare , Rath Willi , Holliday N. Penny , Biastoch Arne , Cunningham Stuart A. , Yashayaev Igor
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Observations of the eastern subpolar North Atlantic in the 2010s show exceptional freshening and cooling of the upper ocean, peaking in 2016 with the lowest salinities recorded for 120 years. Published theories for the mechanisms driving the freshening include: reduced transport of saltier, warmer surface waters northwards from the subtropics associated with reduced meridional overturning; shifts in the pathways of fresher, cooler surface water from the Labrador Sea driven by changing patterns of wind stress; and the eastward expansion of the subpolar gyre. Using output from a high-resolution hindcast model simulation, we propose that the primary cause of the exceptional freshening and cooling is reduced surface heat loss in the Labrador Sea. Tracking virtual fluid particles in the model backwards from the eastern subpolar North Atlantic between 1990 and 2020 shows the major cause of the freshening and cooling to be an increased outflow of relatively fresh and cold surface waters from the Labrador Sea; with a minor contribution from reduced transport of warmer, saltier surface water northward from the subtropics. The cooling, but not the freshening, produced by these changing proportions of waters of subpolar and subtropical origin is mitigated by reduced along-track heat loss to the atmosphere in the North Atlantic Current. We analyse modelled boundary exchanges and water mass transformation in the Labrador Sea to show that since 2000, while inflows of lighter surface waters remain steady, the increasing output of these waters is due to reduced surface heat loss in the Labrador Sea beginning in the early 2000s. Tracking particles further upstream reveals that the primary source of the increased volume of lighter water transported out of the Labrador Sea is increased recirculation of water, and therefore longer residence times, in the upper 500–1000 m of the subpolar gyre.
Concordancia de información paciente-cuidador en cáncer avanzado
Authors: Navarro Jiménez José Miguel , Cruzado Rodríguez Juan Antonio , Boya Cristiá María Jesús
Published: October 2022

Introducción: la presencia de una enfermedad avanzada con frecuencia es una de las situaciones que provoca una mayor crisis de estabilidad familiar y conduce a una mayor interacción entre los miembros de la familia. En ocasiones el progreso de la enfermedad provoca un alto deterioro del paciente, dificultando la autonomía y condicionando tomar sus propias decisiones. En esta situación el papel del cuidador es clave en el proceso de toma de decisiones relativas al plan de cuidados del paciente, respetando sus preferencias y deseos. Lo que sugiere que la apropiada comunicación y concordancia sobre la información de la enfermedad sea prioritario. Objetivo: valorar la concordancia de la información que tienen los pacientes con cáncer avanzado y su cuidador principal, atendidos por un equipo de soporte hospitalario (ESH) de cuidados paliativos y determinar las variables que se asocian a la concordancia. Método: fueron incluidos 52 diadas paciente-cuidador atendidos por el Equipo de Soporte Hospitalario de Cuidados Paliativos del Hospital Universitario de Getafe. Se recogieron mediante una entrevista las variables de información, sociodemográficas y psicoafectivas del paciente y cuidador principal. Resultados: La concordancia de la información entre el paciente y su cuidador principal fue del 78,8% sobre el diagnóstico y la gravedad; del 43,5% acerca de la curación; del 48,0% sobre el objetivo del tratamiento, y un 43,7% del final de vida; siendo la concordancia de un 71,4% en no conocer ni paciente ni cuidador el final de vida. Conclusiones: Existe un déficit de información y escasa concordancia entre el paciente y su cuidador principal. Es necesario aplicar protocolos que faciliten a los profesionales la comunicación. La herramienta utilizada para evaluar el nivel de información permite valorar de forma específica, sencilla y clara las diferentes variables de información en fase avanzada de enfermedad.
Hub social et éducatif : formation et transformation des sujets - Appropriation et construction de compétences
Authors: Rebah Latifa
Published: October 2022

Résumé

Nous nous intéressons au développement professionnel des enseignants stagiaires dans une formation à distance, via une plateforme e-space qui apparait comme un hub social et éducatif (Gobert, 2009, 2020). Nous abordons la question du développement en articulant deux théories : l'approche écologique de Bronfenbrenner et l'approche instrumentale de Rabardel. Ces deux théories perçoivent le développement comme le produit des interactions mutuelles du sujet avec son environnement. Au-delà de la simple maîtrise de l’outil numérique, nous cherchons à montrer comment l’appropriation d’un environnement numérique contribue au développement professionnel. Nous étudions l’hypothèse selon laquelle le sujet-apprenant (ici enseignant stagiaire) interagit avec les composantes de cet environnement et que c’est lors de ces interactions qu'il apprend, construit et se construit. Les résultats montrent que les changements des caractéristiques de l’environnement, provoqués par l’intégration d’un artefact extérieur (la vidéo), influent sur la coconstruction d’une culture numérique.
Le dispositif CurriQvidéo : un outil permettant de penser un hub éducatif tourné vers les compétences du 21e siècle dans la formation des professeurs des écoles
Authors: Heiser Laurent , Bonjour Audrey , Faller Christine , Mouren Didier
Published: October 2022

L’étude d’un dispositif pédagogique, appelé CurriQvidéo (à l’Inspé de Nice) accorde une place prépondérante pendant la formation initiale des futurs enseignants du primaire au patrimoine culturel et naturel. Le dispositif intègre des usages créatifs du numérique et de l’intelligence artificielle qui permet d’envisager des espaces accrus de communiquer autour des enjeux de développement durable tant dans les classes des futurs enseignants du 21e siècle que dans la structure Inspé où s’est développé le dispositif CurriQvidéo. Nous montrons que CurriQvideo permet de créer un Carrefour des Apprentissages qui offre de nouvelles potentialités à la manière de considérer la figure de l’étudiant inscrit dans les parcours MEEF et peut faciliter le développement d’une pédagogie contemporaine qui se situe entre éducation et communication.
Hubs éducatifs et hubs sociaux éducatifs : des solutions émergentes
Authors: Gobert Thierry
Published: October 2022

Nombre d’établissements éducatifs sont assimilables à des hubs sociaux (social hubs). Sur le marché de l’apprentissage, ils mettent massivement en œuvre des activités de hubbing social. Au-delà du réseautage et de la communication, ils rivalisent d’initiatives destinées à valoriser une image d’espace de rencontre porteur de sens et d’institutionnalisation de soi. Des biais d’optimisme comme des illusions de contrôle et de compétence apparaissent dans ces contextes où dispositif et situation pédagogiques sont indissociables des activités de médiatisations techniques et interpersonnelles.
Topography and comparative morphology of kidneys in female and male broilers cross Ross-308 at the age of 60 days
Authors: Khvatov V. A. , Shchipakin M. V. , Vasilyev D. V.
Published: October 2022

The study of the urinary organs of birds is of great practical importance when working in the field of poultry farming and makes it possible to improve the quality of the product obtained from poultry. Knowledge of the morphology of the urinary system in poultry is an important area for veterinary specialists. Kidney pathologies such as gout, nephritis, urolithiasis and neoplasia of various origins are a common problem in poultry farms. It is impossible to increase the productivity of poultry, as well as to carry out therapeutic and preventive measures without knowing its species and breed anatomical features. The work was performed at the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. As the studied material, we used the corpses of Ross-308 cross broilers, aged 60 days in the amount of 10 pieces, 5 males and 5 females. The methods used for the study were fine anatomical dissection, morphometry and photographing. As a result of the study, we found that the length of the left kidney in males is 1.05 times greater than in females, and the length of the right kidney is 1.07 times. The width of the right kidney in males exceeds the females by 1.18 times, and the left – by 1.17 times. The girth of the right and left kidneys in males is 1.18 times greater than in females. We also found that in broilers of both sexes, the left kidney prevails over the right in size. On average, the left kidney is 1.02 times larger than the right one.
Features of changes in walrus and polar bear populations under the influence of global warming
Authors: Nepochataya S. A. , Gaponova V. N.
Published: October 2022

The global warming of the Arctic, the reduction of the Arctic sea ice cover, as a result of climate change, significantly affects the representatives of the walrus and polar bear populations. Anthropogenic factors play a leading role among the causes of global warming.

Changes associated with climate warming affect all elements of the ecosystem, while the impact may vary depending on the species and population. The main ones include: a decrease in the thickness and area of the ice cover and changes in the ambient temperature, migration, changes in the food chain food supply, predators, competitive species, the emergence of new infectious and invasive diseases, changes in the behavior (phenotype, genotype) of animals, which can have a huge impact on individual populations, so it is for the species as a whole. It is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of changes occurring in the populations of walrus and polar bear due to global climate warming and take timely measures to preserve these species of animals in the face of the threat of a decline in their populations.
Detection of enterobacteria using polymerase chain reaction real-time
Authors: Makavchik S. A. , Vorobieva E. D. , Travina V. V.
Published: October 2022

The purpose of the work is to carry out a real-time polymerase chain reaction for the isolation of enterobacteria from the faeces of the maize snake and their identification.

Fecal masses after molting were collected from a male maize snake named Rabbit of Bloodred het Pied-Sided morph.

Egg release date: 06/19/2020.

Isolation of nucleic acids from faecal samples was carried out by the sorption method using the AmpliPrime DNA-sorb

-AM reagent kit (Central Research Institute of Epidemiology) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

For amplification, a test was used the Salm-IDS system for the detection of pathogenic Salmonella (Samonella spp et Salmonella Typhi). The amplification process was carried out in a LightCicler 96 (Roche) PCR-RT instrument.

In the study of feces from a reptile by the molecular method, the genus Salmonella was discovered.

The PCR study did not allow for species identification and determination of the viability of the microorganism, it is necessary to create a scheme for laboratory control of salmonella infection, which will include both the PCR method and bacteriological studies.
Metapneumovirus infection in poultry
Authors: Pankratov S. V. , Abgaryan S. R.
Published: October 2022

Today's high performance in the industrial poultry industry would not have been possible without the focused specialization of production and the use of highly productive poultry crosses. Therefore, the organization of modern poultry farming used simultaneously with high productivity indicators leads to a decrease in natural resistance and an increase in the susceptibility of birds to various pathogens of infectious diseases transmitted aerogenically, which is accompanied by the manifestation of respiratory syndrome in birds. One of the key reasons for the development of respiratory syndrome is the circulation of pneumovirus in the herd, which is especially dangerous for meat farms, since in broiler chickens the disease proceeds in a more severe form compared to poultry crosses.

Avian metapneumovirus infection causes significant economic damage to poultry farming, which consists of losses from a decrease in safety and productivity, as well as the cost of health and preventive measures.

4 subtypes of MPV are officially known, although recent publications have reported of two new pneumoviruses, GuMPV and AMPV PAR-05 isolated from the seagull in North America.

The diversity of pathogen subtypes and differences in virulence properties of metapneumovirus create difficulties both in the prevention of this disease and in its diagnosis.

Difficulty of metapneumovirus isolation from the examined material is caused by the short period of virus persistence in the organs of birds.

The most effective method of controlling avian MPVI is vaccination.
Dynamics of sex hormones in cows in the period of deep pregnancy and after calving in connection with hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Vasilyeva S. V. , Karpenko L. Yu.
Published: October 2022

The article presents the results of comparing the level of sex hormones estradiol, progesterone and testosterone in cows with normal and elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood during deep pregnancy and immediately after calving. A study was carried out on 20 cows, which, according to the results of the concentration of bilirubin in after calving, were divided into two groups: the first group included 8 animals with an increased level of it, the second group included 12 animals with a normal content of bilirubin. It was determined that hyperbilirubinemia is accompanied by a significant increase in the level of progesterone by 45,2% and testosterone by 52,1% in the first week after calving in comparison with animals that do not have high concentrations of bilirubin in the blood. In the absence of statistically significant differences at the beginning of the observation period 15-20 days before calving, both in the concentration of bilirubin and in the content of sex steroids in the blood, 3-8 days before calving, an increase in the level of bilirubin, progesterone and testosterone in group 1 by 43,0%, 48,0% and 19,4% than in group 2. Since progesterone and testosterone are precursors of estradiol in the process of ovarian steroidogenesis, the revealed ratio of sex steroids in the studied cows may indicate, on the one hand, a violation biosynthesis of the most important estrogen estradiol in liver pathology, but on the other hand, this may be a consequence of a slowdown in the catabolism of progesterone and testosterone with the participation of hepatic microsomal enzymes and conjugation processes.
Determination of hydrogen sulfide in samples of rainbow trout (Oncorynchys mykiss) using "SmartBiotic"
Authors: Karpenko L Yu. , Bakhta A. A. , Ivanova K. P. , Polistovskaya P. A. , Orlova D. A. , Kalyuzhnaya T. V.
Published: October 2022

By now biological additives are used in almost all branches of agriculture to improve the quality and safety of food products.

Fish is a perishable product due to its biochemical composition. One of the indicators of fish spoilage is the detection of hydrogen sulfide in samples. The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of the use of the drug "SmartBiotic", produced on the basis of humic acids, on the quality and safety of the fish products obtained, namely, the detection of free ammonia in the selected samples of rainbow trout. Three groups of rainbow trout fingerlings (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were formed to conduct the study. One group served as a control, and the other two were experimental subjects. The first experimental group of fingerlings received the drug at a concentration of 0.15%, and the second experimental group – at a dose of 0.25%. In the control group of rainbow trout, the drug "SmartBiotic" wasn’t used.
Con la urgencia del ahora
Authors: Amenábar Alejandra
Published: October 2022

El pasado 29 de julio fue el día del sobregiro ecológico de la Tierra del año 2021. Se trata de un cálculo que desde el 2006 nos alerta del momento en el que se agotan los recursos biológicos que nuestro planeta es capaz de regenerar en un año. Es decir, estamos viviendo a crédito, a costa de las generaciones futuras. Es hora de utilizar nuestras herramientas, nuestra creatividad y nuestra particular manera de pensar, hacer y crear, para proponen respuestas innovadoras a los problemas complejos que nos rodean. La invitación es a integrar el pensamiento de diseño en la resolución de los desafíos globales. Proponemos estas páginas para iniciar esa conversación urgente. El tiempo se agota. Y el minuto de sumar a los creativos es ahora.
Diseño para la sostenibilidad
Authors: Huerta Oscar
Published: October 2022

Este artículo está dirigido a una audiencia de diseñadores y no diseñadores que toman decisiones relacionadas con el diseño. Se presentan antecedentes sobre sostenibilidad y se discuten enfoques relevantes para comprender su significado y terminología. Además se aborda la medición de la sostenibilidad. Luego, se revisan tres enfoques de diseño para la sostenibilidad que abarcan desde la toma de decisiones de alto nivel hasta pautas de diseño más detalladas para bienes y servicios. Estos son The Natural Step, Cradle to Cradle Design y Life Cycle Design. Se abordan las características específicas de estos enfoques, con énfasis en cómo deben implementarse para realmente posibilitar la sostenibilidad. A continuación, se propone una integración de estos enfoques con el fin de aclarar aspectos centrales específicos que se deben tener en cuenta al tomar decisiones de diseño para la sostenibilidad. Finalmente, se revisa la situación de Chile como un país que está trabajando en su desarrollo sostenible. Las decisiones relacionadas con los productos pueden ser más o menos sostenibles, y el diseño juega un papel importante en esto. Se pueden tomar buenas decisiones de diseño para la sostenibilidad, tanto para productos fabricados localmente como importados.
Enfoque basado en el diseño para construir la inclusión social y el pluralismo en la juventud
Authors: Shahid Hina
Published: October 2022

Este artículo explora el uso de los procesos, métodos y pedagogía del diseño para promover la inclusión social y el pluralismo entre los jóvenes. Argumenta que el enfoque del diseño, impulsado por la detección de oportunidades, combinado con el razonamiento y el pensamiento abductivo es más adecuado para abordar problemas intrincados que son inciertos, ambiguos y en constante evolución, como la exclusión, el sesgo, la discriminación y el odio. Además, analiza el trabajo de una iniciativa de impacto social impulsada por el diseño con sede en los Estados Unidos, que utiliza el diseño y la facilitación creativa para desarrollar programas destinados a cultivar una cultura de inclusión en las escuelas y las aulas. Este artículo destaca el uso de las estrategias sistémicas e individuales de comportamiento para el cambio a través de; 1) desarrollar módulos de aprendizaje, 2) cultivar competencias pluralistas en los estudiantes, y 3) desarrollar capacidades para los educadores, proporcionando herramientas de facilitación y capacitación para la implementación a escala. Probado con más de 100 estudiantes y seis institutos educativos, el artículo se refiere a la medición y el impacto de los módulos de aprendizaje.
Diseño de una herramienta educativa digital para pacientes de trasplante renal
Authors: Aguirre Ramos Javier Adolfo , Cruz Figueroa Juliana , Montero Muriel Nicolás
Published: October 2022

El proceso educativo a pacientes de trasplante renal (TR) se enfoca en familiarizar al paciente con el procedimiento quirúrgico, los cuidados antes y después del trasplante, la toma de medicamentos y los signos de alarma asociados al rechazo del órgano. A pesar de esto, algunos pacientes no logran una adherencia completa al programa, lo cual aumenta el riesgo de rechazo del injerto. Con el apoyo de la Unidad de Donación y Trasplante de la Fundación Valle del Lili (FVL), este artículo presenta los resultados obtenidos de una búsqueda de publicaciones científicas en bases de datos, una observación contextual y una serie de entrevistas a médicos y a pacientes trasplantados, a partir de los cuales se presenta la definición de las características para el diseño y desarrollo de una herramienta pedagógica que apoye la educación en pacientes de trasplante renal en las etapas preoperatorias y postoperatorias. Se concluye que existe un enorme potencial en el uso de una aplicación móvil como apoyo a los pacientes para lograr una adherencia al tratamiento de forma segura y autónoma, ya que la herramienta puede apoyar la toma de decisiones informadas y aumentar las posibilidades de una recuperación exitosa para una mejor calidad de vida.
Inseminação caseira: múltiplas faces — Volume 2
Authors: Cabral Hildeliza Lacerda Tinoco Boechat , Ribeiro Patrícia Damasceno , Almeida João Carlos de Aquino
Published: October 2022

Esta obra estuda didaticamente a autoinseminação, discutindo aspectos técnicos, biológicos, legais, éticos e jurídicos. Trata-se de imersão científica no procedimento da inseminação caseira. Uma obra que estava faltando no cenário atual da reprodução humana. A leitura contextualizada dos vários capítulos certamente acrescentará um conhecimento sistematizado sobre o procedimento. A análise comparativa entre a fertilização assistida in vitro e a autoinseminação propiciará ao leitor uma compreensão global da dinâmica e da problemática da autoinseminação.
Impeding efflux-mediated resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Abdel-Karim Safaa A. M. , El-Ganiny Amira M. A. , El-Sayed Mona A. , A. Abbas Hisham
Published: October 2022

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common human pathogens that causes wide range of nosocomial and community acquired infections as wound and burn infections, food poisoning, endocarditis, pneumonia, meningitis and bacteremia. Beside its pathogenicity, it exhibits different antibiotic resistance mechanisms that complicate its treatment. Efflux is one of the resistance mechanisms that is used by bacterial pathogens to extrude antimicrobials as antibiotics and biocides and thus counteract their actions. Therefore, there is an urgent need for searching for compounds that have an efflux-inhibitory activity among the existing phar¬maceuticals and the compounds that are isolated from natural sources or the synthesis of novel derivatives to be able to treat S. aureus infections. Several efflux pump inhibitors have been identified or synthesized over the past years. In this review, we present the different compounds that have been proven to have an efflux-inhibitory activity against S. aureus and the current progress in their development.
Compendious Review on Adipokines of Corpulence
Authors: Hashim Feryal
Published: October 2022

Adipokines are biologically effective substances released by adipose tissue and contributed for the management of many biological processes such as food intake, energy spending, adipocyte growing, tissue susceptibility to insulin, function of endothelium and many others. The modes of action of adipokines are autocrine or paracrine in adipocyte and endocrine in other tissues such as muscles, liver, and brain. Therefore, abnormal actions or levels of many adipokines may act as vinculum between corpulence, or cellular injury, and insusceptibility to insulin. Hereafter, the guidelines for the treatment of corpulence and related metabolic disorders may focus on the uses of drugs with adipokines agonist or antagonist properties, long acting, and less adverse effects.
Changes in Histological Structures of Soleus Muscle of the Male Rat in Response to Nandrolone Decanoate and Exercise
Authors: Khan Jamshed , Jan Naseema Ahmad , Hanif Muhammad , Bazai Ajmal Khan , Ramzan Shazia , Ullah Usman
Published: October 2022

Objective: Present study was conducted to investigate the histological changes produced by ND alone and in combination with exercise on soleus muscle. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial Place and Duration: Conducted at Animal House of Postgraduate Medical Institute (PGMI), Lahore during the year 2010 (From 20th Jan, 2010 to 13th April, 2010) for 12 weeks Methodology: Forty male rats were divided equally by randomized control trial (RCT)i.eAI (control), AII (ND5mg/kg intramuscular twice weekly) AIII (Exercise/swimming) AIV (ND & Exercise) for 12 weeks at the animal house of PGMI, Lahore during the year 2010. Data was recorded on various microscopic parameters viz; internalization of nuclei, splitting in muscle fibers, rounded or angular muscle fibers and diameter of fibers for control and experimental groups. Results: We found significant (P≤0.025, 0.037) differences among the groups receiving ND in comparison to control and exercise. Highly significant (P≤0.001) differences were observed in animals subjected to ND and exercise in comparison to control regarding internalization of nuclei. Muscle fiber splitting was observed in group AIII and AIV (P≤0.005) in comparison with control. Significant increase in diameter of muscle fiber was observed in group AIII (P≤0.013) and AIV (P≤0.001) in comparison to control. Similarly, minimum degenerative changes were observed showing angular or rounded fibers in group AIII and AIV in comparison to control. Conclusion: The instant results suggest that significant hypertrophy was observed in animals subjected to ND and exercise. Keywords: Soleus, splitting, diameter, internalization of nuclei
Protective Effect of Ocimum Gratissimum Against Lead Induced Histological Changes in Rabbit Liver
Authors: Qaiser Fatima , Nazir Shakeela , Hussain Ashiq , Kazi Asma , Aziz Aisha , Rana Maheen
Published: October 2022

Background: Since it is well-established that lead exposure can have negative effects on hematological, biochemical, and hepatic parameters, a significant number of research efforts have been focused on antioxidants that are capable of treating as well as preventing these alterations. Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of Ocimum Gratissimum (OG) extract on the hemato-biochemical parameters of the livers of adult Wistar rats and the lead-induced toxicity of the livers. Method: For the aim of this investigation, a total of 70 adult Wistar rats were separated into seven groups, with each group containing 10 rats. Group A acted as the control group, Group B received 120 mg/kg of lead, and Group C received 375 mg/kg of OG. Group A was the only group that received no treatment. The role of the control group was played by Group A. Before administering the OG dosages of 375 and 750 mg/kg to Group D and Group E, respectively, a lead dose of 120 mg/kg was administered to both groups. In Group F, participants received 375 mg/kg of OG extract followed by 120 mg/kg of lead, whereas in Group G, participants received 120 mg/kg of lead followed by 1,190 mg/kg of ascorbic acid. After the conclusion of each oral treatment, which lasted a total of 21 days, the animals were slaughtered and their blood and liver tissues were collected for subsequent histological and biochemical testing. The results of these tests will be shown in the following paragraphs. Results: The research led to the discovery that the Control group had a rise in their average body weight, but the B group experienced a fall in their weight. The findings of the biochemical tests revealed that when compared to the Control group and the other treatment groups, the levels of liver enzymes such as ALT, AST, GGT, and ALP in Group B were considerably higher than in the other treatment groups (p 0.05). The results of the histological analysis of the liver tissues revealed degenerative alterations, such as localized necrosis and aggregated inflammatory cells in Group B. These findings were found in the liver tissues of the group B patients. In contrast, the liver tissue in Groups D, E, F, and G that had been treated with the extract exhibited ameliorative alterations. These results may be seen in the table below.
Comparative Analysis of Intravenous Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin for the Treatment of Bacterial Peritonitis in Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Kashif Khan Arbab Muhammad , Haq Mohsina , Shah Rahman , Khalil Saifullah Khan , Bakhtiar Nasir , Masud Fahd , Ullah Hikmat , Khan Qudrat Ullah , Khan Amir Ullah
Published: October 2022

The Purpose of the current study to Evaluate the efficacy of intravenous ciprofloxacin with ceftriaxone for the treatment of bacterial peritonitis in patients of liver cirrhosis at PIMS Hospital Islamabad from January 2021 to June 2021 at Department of Medicine .A total of 260 patients of liver cirrhosis were selected for this study. Patients were randomly allocated in two groups (Group A and B). Patients aged 13 to 60 years of both genders with established liver cirrhosis, diagnosed on ultrasound abdomen were included in this study. Patients with hemorrhagic or malignant ascites, peritonitis, tuberculosis peritonitis, hepatocellular carcinoma and diabetes mellitus were excluded from study. In group A, 130 patients were given intravenous ciprofloxacin 200mg 12 hourly and in group B 130 patients on ceftriaxone 1g 12 hourly. Treatment was given for 5 days and efficacy of treatment was determined by means of evaluating clinical symptoms. The mean age of the patients in group A was 43.4±10.4 years and in group B was 44.2±10.2 years. In group A there were 90(70%) patients and 95(73.3%) patients in group B in whom spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was settled down. The Result of the current study suggest that Intravenous is as effective as ceftriaxone in the treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients. Keywords: liver cirrhosis, ciprofloxacin, bacterial peritonitis, ceftriaxone
Morphological and Anatomical Features of Left Anterior Descending Artery Intima-Media Thickness in a Sample of Pakistani Population
Authors: Malik Adnan Salim , Muhammad Arz , . Touseef , Hayat Nida Qasim , Qaiser Fatima , Irshad Faiza
Published: October 2022

Background: A recognized surrogate marker that can be utilised for the prediction and profiling of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the thickness of the intima-media layer. Despite the fact that it varies geographically and ethnically, the significantly less likely to have it documented. This is despite the fact that there are many different communities . As a result of the process of atherosclerosis, the left anterior descending coronary artery is one of the coronary arteries that is afflicted the most of the time. As a consequence of this, the goal of this study was to determine whether or not there is a correlation between the intima-media thickness of the left coronary artery and the characteristics of the artery based on its morphology. Time and Place of study: Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore March 2019 to October 2021 Results: The thickness of the intima and media, on average, was 0.334 + 0.05 mm. It was more prevalent in males than in females.0.329+0.01 mm in females, increased with the number of branches of the left coronary artery, starting from 0.329+0.01 mm in males bifurcation to 0.499+ 0.01 mm in pentafurcation; and was also greater in left coronary arteries that were shorter than the average length of the right coronary artery 0.5mm, in addition to those with bifurcation angles greater than 700. Conclusion: The length, bifurcation angle, and terminal branching pattern of the left coronary artery all have an impact on the intima-media thickness of the left anterior descending artery. Additionally, the intima-media thickness of the left anterior descending artery is greater in males than it is in females. It can be deduced from this that the morphological characteristics of the left coronary artery are anatomical factors that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.Screening for atherosclerosis ought to be done on those who exhibit these characteristics in order to provide early intervention.
Raised Blood Pressure as a Risk Factor of Post-Operative Seroma Formation in Patients of Modified Radical Mastectomy
Authors: Anjum Muhammad Ayyub , Naseer Muhammad Ahmed , Rafique Ahmad , Noor Bashir Ahmad , Nasir Jamal Abdul , Rasheed Amina
Published: October 2022

Despite seroma is rarely potentially lethal and is typically harmless, it can cause considerable sequelae such as flap necrosis, wound dehiscence, predisposes to infection. The objective of the study was to determine the association of raised blood pressure as a risk factor of development of seroma after MRM in breast cancer patients. Material Methods: In this case control study, all women of age 30 to 70 years with MRM done for carcinoma of the breast of stage T2 and lymph nodes N2 were enrolled and followed for 3 days after MRM surgery for seroma formation. Out of total 122 patients, 64 patients were cases and 58 controls. Patients with disease upto N2 had level 2 clearances with upfront surgery. Age, history of essential hypertension, compression bandage applied, serum albumin level, seroma formation and volume of seroma on 3rd post-operative day was documented. Results: Mean age of the patients was 51.2 + 9.5 years and 53.5 + 10.8 years in case and control, respectively. Majority of the patients were of the age group 40 to 50 year’s age group. 56.3% (n=36) cases and 43.8% (n= 28) controls had history of essential hypertension. Seroma formation was seen in cases 51% (n=31) as compare to controls 13% (n= 8) with odd ratio OR 1.48. Drainage volume among two groups was analyzed as in case group, the drainage volume was 148.1 + 76.4 ml (range 50 to 290) while in control group the drainage volume was 130 + 56.9 ml (60 to 250) and was statistically significant with p-value <0.001. Conclusion: Although the pathogenesis of seroma remains controversial, hypertension is the most consistent significant risk factor for seroma formation subsequent to modified radical mastectomy for carcinoma breast. Good pre, peri and post-operative blood pressure control can reduce the risk of seroma formation and the associated morbidity. Keywords: MRM, Seroma, nodal clearance, breast cancer,
Smoking Affects Bone Healing and Blood Perfusion
Authors: Nazir Shakeela , Qaiser Fatima , Hussain Ashiq , Kazi Asma , Aziz Aisha , Kamran Ayesha
Published: October 2022

Nicotine is the primary component in cigarettes that is responsible for the negative effects that tobacco has on the body. Nicotine is also the primary component responsible for the addiction that can develop from smoking. Tobacco addiction is also primarily caused by nicotine, which is another component of tobacco. Aim: The effect that nicotine has on the rate at which bones can recover after being shattered is still a topic of ongoing debate. The study of bone repair and regeneration is made a great deal easier by the utilisation of a model that is known as distraction osteogenesis. The mandibular extension of a rabbit model is serving as the subject of the inquiry that is now being conducted. Duration & Place of Study: October 2018 to March 2021 Rashid Latif medical college Lahore Method: Using the rabbit as a test subject, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence that nicotine has on blood perfusion, angiogenesis, and bone formation. There were a total of forty rabbits, and they were distributed among the control group, which received no nicotine, and the nicotine group, which received nicotine. The bunnies were distributed to the several groups in a haphazard manner. It was discovered that each rat had been exposed to nicotine or a placebo for a total of seven weeks during the course of the experiment. After a period of consolidation time ranging from two to four weeks post osteotomy, the animals were slaughtered and their mandibles were removed. After this, there was a lag time of three days, and then there was active distraction for eleven days. Utilizing the techniques of Laser Doppler monitoring and Collagen IV immunohistochemical labelling, respectively, allowed for the assessment of both vascularization and blood perfusion. Studies that were radiographic, histological, and immunohistochemical in nature were carried out in order to investigate the development of bone. Result : According to the findings, being exposed to nicotine led to an increase in the density of microvessels, but it had a detrimental effect on the flow of blood and the development of bones. In addition to this, it was found that the expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 in osteoblasts was lower than it had been in the past. In the process of distraction regeneration, ischemia and a low oxygen tension were both present, and the creation of cartilage islands on a consistent basis was a sign of both of these circumstances. Result: As a result of our investigation, we got to the realisation that nicotine consumption slows down the process of bone regeneration. We hypothesise that this takes place as a result of the fact that nicotine leads to ischemia and has an effect that is directly inhibitory on osteoblastic cells. It has been demonstrated that nicotine causes an increase in angiogenesis; however, this improvement is not adequate to compensate for the harmful effect of vasoconstriction caused by nicotine.
Outcomes of Elective Induction of Labor Versus Expectant Management
Authors: Ghaffar Eishah , Bhatti Abdul Aleem , Maqbool Muqaddas , Nishan Noor , Shahid Maryam , Arif Sohaib
Published: October 2022

Summary Context: Both medical and nonmedical interventions to hasten labour and delivery are on the rise. Whether or not elective induction of labour improves outcomes or merely leads to additional complications and healthcare expenditures is a contentious topic in the scientific literature. Purpose: Choosing to induce labour artificially vs waiting for the baby to come naturally is the focus of this research. Data Sources: Internet, previous systematic reviews, and databases including MEDLINE (2022), Web of Science (2022), CINAHL (2022), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2022). Data Extraction: Structure, patient characteristics, quality standards, and outcomes like as caesarean section and maternal and neonatal morbidity were abstracted by two writers. Data Synthesis: In all, more than a hundred publications were considered, but only 36 were included (11 RCTs and 25 observational studies). In a non-significant trend, women who were treated as if they were about to give birth (OR, 1.21 [CI, 1.01 to 1.46]) had a higher chance of having a caesarean section than women who were treated as though they were still in the early stages of pregnancy (OR, 1.73 [CI, 0.67 to 4.5]). Amniotic fluid was more likely to be meconium-stained in women who were expectantly managed than to those who had chosen to be induced (OR, 2.04 [CI, 1.34 to 3.09]). Exponential likelihood ratio = 2.04 [95% confidence interval = 1.34 to 3.09]). Conclusion: RCTs imply that inducing labor at 41 weeks or later reduces the risk of caesarean birth and meconium-stained amniotic fluid. Future research should evaluate elective induction of labor where most obstetric care is offered.
Contributing Factors for Placenta Accreta in Patients Presenting in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Ashraf Samina , Rafique Shabana , Bibi Razia , Munir Sara
Published: October 2022

Objective: determine the frequency of contributing factors for placenta accreta in patients presenting in a tertiary care hospital Methodology: The study was conducted on all the pregnant patients diagnosed with placenta preavia on ultrasound that were admitted through emergency and outpatient department of Lady Willingdon Hospital Lahore. A total of 180 patients fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria coming to the Emergency Department were recruited in study. Contributing risk factors i.e. placenta previa, number of previous caesarean sections, and Dilatation & Curettage were recorded by the researcher herself on a pre-designed proforma attached. Data was collected and analyzed by single researcher to overcome the bias. Results: In our study, out of 180 cases, 73.33%(n=132) were between 20-30 years of age while 26.67%(n=48) had >30 years of age, mean+sd was calcualted as 27.89+4.14 years, 73.33%(n=132) were between 20-30 years of age while 26.67%(n=48) had >30 years of age, mean+sd was calcualted as 27.89+4.14 years, contributing factors of placenta accreta shows that 87.22%(n=157) had placenta previa, 51.67%(n=93) had <2preivous cesarean section, 48.33%(n=87) had 3 previous cesarean section and 27.22%(n=49) had D&C. Conclusion: We concluded that Placenta previa is a leading contributing factor followed by 2 and 3 cesarean sections and D&C for placenta accreta. Keywords: Placenta accreta, contributing factors, placenta previa, previous cesarean section, dialatation & curettage
Comparison of Complications of Harmonic Scalpel Versus Conventional Homeostasis in Patients Undergoing Near-Total Thyroidectomy at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Mehmood Bilal , Nwaz Tariq , Khan Muhammat Atif , Javaid Muhammad Umer , Nadar Aqsa , Manzoor Sidra
Published: October 2022

Aim: To compare advantages and postoperative outcomes of harmonic scalpel versus conventional homeostasis in patients undergoing near-total thyroidectomy at a tertiary care hospital. Material and Methods: Total 34 patients were recruited in the study, and were equally distributed in two groups using blocked randomization. Operative time, post-operative fluid drainage, post-operative blood loss, mean hospital length, and occurrence of hypocalcemia were assessed in two groups. Results: In group A, mean operative time was 89.71±13.34 Mins while in group B it was 105±6.75 Mins, statistically significant difference was observed. In group A, post-operative blood loss observed was 61.47±8.27 ml, and in group B 74.47±12.80 ml (P < 0.05). The mean post-operative fluid drainage recorded in group A was 45.29±6.98 ml and in group B 69.06±10.83 ml (P < 0.05). In group A, mean hospital length was 2.18±0.72 days and in group B 3.41±1.12 days (P < 0.05). In group A, occurrence of hypocalcemia was 2 (11.8%) and in group B 3 (17.6%) (P > 0.05). Conclusion: In terms of operation duration, mean hospital stay, postoperative fluid drainage, and postoperative blood loss, harmonic thyroidectomy provides a secure and efficient substitute for traditional homeostasis. Keywords: Conventional Homeostasis, Postoperative Blood Loss, Harmonic Scalpel, Thyroidectomy