bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of depth of field on eye movement
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Xia Ling , Liu Xiaofeng , Kong Weijie , Wu Xiaoli
Published: November 2019

Depth of field is an important image feature, which can be used to enhance observers’ perception of stereopsis. To explore how the depth of field influenced observers’ attention in images, a within‐subject experiment including two factors, two scenes and six levels of depth of field, was performed. A remote desktop eye tracker, Tobii X120 was used to record participants' eye movement during the experiment. The results showed that the limited depth of field could direct observers' attention on the sharp area. However, manipulating depth of field in the same scene may not influence the distribution of observers’ attention. In addition, it was concluded that depth from focus object influences observers' attention significantly, which means that the closer the object is, more attention the object obtains.
Simulation modelling and feature extraction to voltage compound disturbances by modified generalised S‐transform
Authors: Zhang Shuqing , Liu Haitao , Zhang Liguo , Chen Rongfei , Li Pan , Mu Yong
Published: November 2019

Voltage sag disturbances are the most important type of disturbance in power quality analysis and the extraction to voltage compound disturbances is more difficult. Here, four composite voltage sag disturbance models are constructed and the feature extraction method by modified generalised S‐transform (GST) is given. By optimising the introduced r‐parameters, it can obtain better time resolution and frequency resolution by the modified GST. Results of simulation experiments and the application in a steel plant main line show that both time domain disturbance and frequency domain disturbance information can be extracted with higher resolution.
Wind speed estimation of low‐altitude wind shear based on combined space–time main channel adaptive processing
Authors: Li Hai , Wang Jie , Guo Qing H. , Li Yi J.
Published: November 2019

This study presents a low‐altitude wind shear speed estimation method based on combined space–time main channel adaptive processing. The method first reduces the dimension of the radar echo data of the measured range unit by constructing a dimension‐reduced joint space–time transform matrix, and then constructs the optimal weight vector of the dimension‐reducing processor to adaptively filter the reduced‐dimensional data. Furthermore, accurate estimation of the speed of the wind field is achieved in the presence of the amplitude–phase error. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Open Universe for Blazars: a new generation of astronomical products based on 14 years ofSwift-XRT data
Authors: Giommi P. , Brandt C. H. , Barres de Almeida U. , Pollock A. M. T. , Arneodo F. , Chang Y. L. , Civitarese O. , De Angelis M. , D’Elia V. , Del Rio Vera J. , Di Pippo S. , Middei R. , Penacchioni A. V. , Perri M. , Ruffini R. , Sahakyan N. , Turriziani S.
Published: November 2019

Aims.Open Universe for Blazars is a set of high-transparency multi-frequency data products for blazar science, and the tools designed to generate them. Blazars are drawing growing interest following the consolidation of their position as the most abundant type of source in the extragalactic very high-energyγ-ray sky, and because of their status as prime candidate sources in the nascent field of multi-messenger astrophysics. As such, blazar astrophysics is becoming increasingly data driven, depending on the integration and combined analysis of large quantities of data from the entire span of observational astrophysics techniques. The project was therefore chosen as one of the pilot activities within the United Nations Open Universe Initiative, whose objective is to stimulate a large increase in the accessibility and ease of utilisation of space science data for the worldwide benefit of scientific research, education, capacity building, and citizen science.

Methods.Our aim is to deliver innovative data science tools for multi-messenger astrophysics. In this work we report on a data analysis pipeline calledSwift-DeepSky based on theSwiftXRTDAS software and the XIMAGE package, encapsulated into a Docker container.Swift-DeepSky downloads and reads low-level data, generates higher level products, detects X-ray sources, and estimates several intensity and spectral parameters for each detection, thus facilitating the generation of complete and up-to-date science-ready catalogues from an entire space-mission data set.

Results.As a first application of our innovative approach, we present the results of a detailed X-ray image analysis based onSwift-DeepSky that was run on allSwift-XRT observations including a known blazar, carried out during the first 14 years of operations of theNeil Gehrels SwiftObservatory. Short exposures executed within one week of each other have been added to increase sensitivity, which ranges between ∼1 × 10−12and ∼1 × 10−14erg cm−2s−1(0.3–10.0 keV). After cleaning for problematic fields, the resulting database includes over 27 000 images integrated in different X-ray bands, and a catalogue, called 1OUSXB, that provides intensity and spectral information for 33 396 X-ray sources, 8896 of which are single or multiple detections of 2308 distinct blazars. All the results can be accessed online in a variety of ways, from the Open Universe portal through Virtual Observatory services, via the VOU-Blazar tool and the SSDC SED builder. One of the most innovative aspects of this work is that the results can be easily reproduced and extended by anyone using the Docker version of theSwift-DeepSky pipeline, which runs on Linux, Mac, and Windows machines, and does not require any specific experience in X-ray data analysis.
The velocity field of the Lyra complex
Authors: Girardi M. , Boschin W. , De Grandi S. , Longhetti M. , Clavico S. , Eckert D. , Gastaldello F. , Ghizzardi S. , Nonino M. , Rossetti M.
Published: November 2019

Context. The formation of cosmic structures culminates with the assembly of galaxy clusters, a process that is quite different from cluster to cluster.

Aims. We present the study of the structure and dynamics of the Lyra complex, consisting of the two clusters RXC J1825.3+3026 and CIZA J1824.1+3029, which was very recently studied by using both X-ray and radio data.

Methods. This is the first analysis based on the kinematics of member galaxies. New spectroscopic data for 285 galaxies were acquired at the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo and were used in combination with PanSTARRS photometry. The result of our member selection is a sample of 198 galaxies.

Results. For RXCJ1825 and CIZAJ1824 we report the redshifts, z = 0.0645 and z = 0.0708, the first estimates of velocity dispersion, σv = 995+131−125 km s−1 and σv = 700 ± 50 km s−1, and of dynamical mass, M200 = 1.1 ± 0.4  × 1015 M⊙ and M200 = 4 ± 0.1 × 1014 M⊙. The past assembly of RXCJ1825 is traced by the two dominant galaxies, which are both aligned with the major axis of the galaxy distribution along the east–west direction, and by a minor northeast substructure. We also detect a quite peculiar high velocity field in the southwest region of the Lyra complex. This feature is likely related to a very luminous galaxy, which is characterized by a high velocity. This galaxy is suggested to be the central galaxy of a group that is in interaction with RXCJ1825 according to very recent studies based on X-ray and radio data. The redshift of the whole Lyra complex is z = 0.067. Assuming that the redshift difference between RXCJ1825 and CIZAJ1824 is due to the relative kinematics, the projected distance between the cluster centers is D ∼ 1.3 Mpc and the line–of–sight velocity difference is ∼1750 km s−1. A dynamical analysis of the system shows that the two clusters are likely to be gravitationally bound in a pre-merger phase, and that CIZAJ1824 is moving toward RXCJ1825.

Conclusions. Our results corroborate a picture where the Lyra region is the place of a very complex scenario of cluster assembly.
Inversions of synthetic umbral flashes: a selection of wavelength sampling
Authors: Felipe T. , Esteban Pozuelo S.
Published: November 2019

Context. Imaging spectrographs are popular instruments used to obtain solar data. They record quasi-monochromatic images at selected wavelength positions. By scanning the spectral range of the line, it is possible to obtain bidimensional maps of the field-of-view with a moderate spectral resolution.

Aims. In this work, we evaluate the quality of spectropolarimetric inversions obtained from various wavelength samplings during umbral flashes.

Methods. We computed numerical simulations of nonlinear wave propagation in a sunspot and constructed synthetic Stokes profiles in the Ca II 8542 Å line during an umbral flash using the NLTE code NICOLE. The spectral resolution of the Stokes profiles was downgraded to various cases with differences in the wavelength coverage. A large set of wavelength samplings was analyzed and the performance of the inversions was evaluated by comparing the inferred chromospheric temperature, velocity, and magnetic field with the actual values at the chromosphere of the numerical simulation.

Results. The errors in the inverted results depend to a large extent on the location of the wavelength points across the profile of the line. The inferred magnetic field improves with the increase of the spectral resolution. In the case of velocity and temperature, low spectral resolution data produce a match of the inverted atmospheres with the actual values comparable to wavelength samplings with finer resolution, while providing a higher temporal cadence in the data acquisition.

Conclusions. We validated the NLTE inversions of spectropolarimetric data from the Ca II 8542 Å during umbral flashes, during which the atmosphere undergoes sudden dramatic changes due to the propagation of a shock wave. Our results favor the use of fine spectral resolution for analyses that focus on the inference of the magnetic field, whereas the estimation of temperature and velocity fluctuations can be performed with lower spectral resolution.
An Elongated Mental Spine: Case Report
Authors: Wong T. L. , Iwanaga Joe , Anand Mahindra Kumar , Tubbs R. Shane
Published: November 2019

The mental spines (superior and inferior), also called the genial tubercles, are located in the midline on the lingual surface of the mandible. Normally, the mental spine consists of a superior pair and an inferior pair of prominences and is of small size. The mental spine provides muscle attachments to the genioglossus muscle, which attaches to the superior pair, and to the geniohyoid muscle, which attaches to the inferior pair. Here, we report a case of the mandible with an elongated mental spine harvested from a 57-year-old Caucasian woman’s cadaveric head. The dimensions of the elongated mental spine are 10.00 mm (length) × 2.72 mm (width) × 8.55 mm (height). Elongated mental spines are rarely reported as they are usually asymptomatic. Practitioners who intend to perform any procedures in the sublingual and submental regions should be aware of such structural variation.
A Novel Technology for Free Flap Monitoring: Pilot Study of a Wireless, Biodegradable Sensor
Authors: Oda Hiroki , Beker Levent , Kaizawa Yukitoshi , Franklin Austin , Min Jung Gi , Leyden Jacinta , Wang Zhen , Chang James , Bao Zhenan , Fox Paige M.
Published: November 2019

Background Accurate monitoring of free flap perfusion after complex reconstruction is critical for early recognition of flap compromise. Surgeons use a variety of subjective and objective measures to evaluate flap perfusion postoperatively. However, these measures have some limitations. We have developed a wireless, biodegradable, and flexible sensor that can be applied to real-time postoperative free flap monitoring. Here we assess the biocompatibility and function of our novel sensor.

Methods Seven Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were used for biocompatibility studies. The sensor was implanted around the femoral artery near the inguinal ligament on one leg (implant side) and sham surgery was performed on the contralateral leg (control side). At 6 and 12 weeks, samples were harvested to assess the inflammation within and around the implant and artery. Two animals were used to assess sensor function. Sensor function was evaluated at implantation and 7 days after the implantation. Signal changes after venous occlusion were also assessed in an epigastric artery island flap model.

Results In biocompatibility studies, the diameter of the arterial lumen and intima thickness in the implant group were not significantly different than the control group at the 12-week time point. The number of CD-68 positive cells that infiltrated into the soft tissue, surrounding the femoral artery, was also not significantly different between groups at the 12-week time point. For sensor function, accurate signaling could be recorded at implantation and 7 days later. A change in arterial signal was noted immediately after venous occlusion in a flap model.

Conclusion The novel wireless, biodegradable sensor presented here is biocompatible and capable of detecting arterial blood flow and venous occlusion with high sensitivity. This promising new technology could combat the complications of wired sensors, while improving the survival rate of flaps with vessel compromise due to its responsive nature.
The squashed entanglement of the noiseless quantum Gaussian attenuator and amplifier
Authors: De Palma Giacomo
Published: November 2019

We determine the maximum squashed entanglement achievable between sender and receiver of the noiseless quantum Gaussian attenuators and amplifiers and we prove that it is achieved sending half of an infinitely squeezed two-mode vacuum state. The key ingredient of the proof is a lower bound to the squashed entanglement of the quantum Gaussian states obtained applying a two-mode squeezing operation to a quantum thermal Gaussian state tensored with the vacuum state. This is the first lower bound to the squashed entanglement of a quantum Gaussian state and opens the way to determine the squashed entanglement of all quantum Gaussian channels. Moreover, we determine the classical squashed entanglement of the quantum Gaussian states above and show that it is strictly larger than their squashed entanglement. This is the first time that the classical squashed entanglement of a mixed quantum Gaussian state is determined.
Townsend discharge in argon and nitrogen: Study of the electron distribution function
Authors: Lodygin A. N. , Portsel L. M. , Beregulin E. V. , Astrov Yu. A.
Published: November 2019

The paper describes a study of the electron energy distribution function in the self-sustained direct current (dc) Townsend discharge. A three-electrode microdischarge structure with a plane-parallel arrangement of electrodes is applied in the experiments. The device comprises two discharge gaps of a small width having a common electrode in the form of a fine-grained metal mesh. A high-resistivity cathode to the first gap is applied, which ensures the spatial uniformity of the Townsend discharge in the gap. The second gap serves as a retarding field analyzer of energy of electrons that are generated in the region of the Townsend discharge and pass through cells in the grid electrode. Experiments are carried out for discharges in argon and nitrogen near the minimum of the Paschen curve. According to the data obtained, shapes of the distribution function for the investigated gases are different: for Ar, a local maximum at energies of 1–3 eV is observed in the distributions, in contrast to N2. At the same time, the effective electron temperature—determined from the high-energy tail of a distribution—is close for both gases and lies in the range of 0.8–1.9 eV. This is significantly lower than electron energies that give numerical calculations for E/N values corresponding to the conditions of experiments. Among the possible reasons for the difference is the fundamental property of a dc Townsend discharge: electrons in the subanode layer—where they are accumulated and from where they pass to the analyzer—gain energy mainly on a relatively small ionization length in the gas.
Effect of channel geometry on ion-concentration polarization-based preconcentration and desalination
Authors: Kovář Petr , Tichý David , Slouka Zdeněk
Published: November 2019

Polarization of the ion-selective systems results in the formation of ion-depleted and ion-concentrated zones in the electrolyte layers adjacent to the system. One can employ ion-concentration polarization for the removal of charged large molecules and small ions from the flowing liquid. Removal of large molecules from the flowing solution and their local accumulation is often referred to as preconcentration, removal of small ions as desalination. Here, we study the effect of the channel geometry on the removal of charged species from their water solutions experimentally. Straight, converging, and diverging channels equipped with a pair of heterogeneous cation-exchange membranes are compared in terms of their effect on preconcentration of an observable fluorescein dye and on desalination of water solution of potassium chloride. Our results show that preconcentration of the dye is not significantly affected by the channel geometry. The distance of the preconcentration band from one of the membranes was approximately the same in all tested channel geometries. The major difference was in the location of the band within the channel, when the conical channels localized the band at one of the channel walls. The straight channel showed a slightly broader range of applicable flow rates. The semibatch desalination of 0.01M KCl solution turned out to be more efficient in conical channels, which was associated with a larger volume of the channel available for the accumulation of the concentrated solution. Our results suggest that conical channels can be advantageously used in transforming the ion-concentration-polarization-based semibatch desalination into a fully continuous one.
Investigating the additive probability of repeated language production decisions
Authors: Wallis Sean
Published: November 2019

This paper introduces an experimental paradigm based on probabilistic evidence of the interaction between construction decisions in a parsed corpus. The approach is demonstrated using ICE-GB, a one million-word corpus of English. It finds an interaction between attributive adjective phrases in noun phrases with a noun head, such that the probability of adding adjective phrases falls successively. The same pattern is much weaker in adverbs preceding a verb phrase, implying this decline is not a universal phenomenon. Noun phrase postmodifying clauses exhibit a similar initial fall in the probability of successive clauses modifying the same NP head, and embedding clauses modifying new NP heads. Successive postmodification shows a secondary phenomenon of an increase in additive probability in longer sequences, apparently due to ‘templating’ effects. The author argues that these results can only be explained as cognitive and communicative natural phenomena acting on and within recursive grammar rules.
Luciano Bianciardi
Authors: Morini Massimiliano
Published: November 2019

Starting with a discussion of ‘translator-centred’ translation studies, this article discusses the Italian writer Luciano Bianciardi as translation practitioner and theorist. Working in the age of mechanical labour and mechanical typewriters, Bianciardi translated at incredible speed, putting in physically exhausting daily shifts. Not surprisingly, he articulated a vision of his trade that associated it with the physical effort of shifting heavy loads of mud – a job he had seen performed by labourers in his native Tuscany. However, he saw the process of ‘turning over’ this linguistic mud as no mere slavish effort: just as he ‘infected’ his original writings with his own target texts, Bianciardi consciously imbued his translations with his personality and his style.
Environmental effects of fixed and variable transport-related charges in Russia
Authors: Leontyeva Y , Mayburov I
Published: November 2019

Today, transport-related charges hold an important place in practically all national tax systems. They constantly updated to stay in line with the goals of "green policy". Such charges are becoming a mechanism of price regulation that forces car users to change their consumption patterns. The purpose of this article is to study the impacts that the existing structure of transport-related charges has on the environment and propose measures for making them more environmentally-focused. Transport-related charges were classified either as fixed or variable depending on whether the size of the charge is in proportion to the intensity of car use. The environmental impact of transport-related charges was identified through analysis of the functions that each levy performs. The analysis conducted in the study proved that Russia practically lacks regulation targeting the behavior of producers and consumers of motor vehicles and fuel. The existing system of transport related charges is revenue-focused, i.e., it satisfactorily performs only its fiscal function. At the same time, the regulatory potential function of transport-related charges in Russia remains practically untapped. The system of transport-related charges in Russia is dominated by fixed charges, the amount of which does not depend on the intensity of car use. Variable transport-related charges in Russia are fewer in number, so they cannot serve as a driver for behavior change towards sustained environmentally friendly habits in car owners. The article outlines a set of proposals for making some fixed transport-related charges in Russia more environmentally-focused and for increasing the environmental benefits of variable transport-related charges.
Integrated habitat monitoring of environmental features to site the releasing of cultivated Oncorhynchus masou formosanus
Authors: Kuan W , Chen Y , Yeh C , Huang Y
Published: November 2019

The Formosan landlocked salmon (Oncorhynchus masou formosanus), an endangered species, had ever inhabited in the upper branches of stream Da-Chia of Taiwan in 1940s. However, the distribution of the salmon gradually declined and was only observed in stream Chi-Chia-Wan and stream Kao-Shan in last decades. Shei-Pa National Park has ever devoted to restoring the salmon and releasing the cultivated breeds into several historic rivers. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic monitoring and assessment of the habitat candidates is indispensable to gain the successful propagation of released salmon. This study presents a methodology for determining the optimal juveniles’ releasing sites in association with the water quality and channel’s physical features. Five historic inhabiting streams with nine monitoring sites for cultivated breeds release were selected. Three reference sites were chosen as various levels, i.e. the best, the mild interfered, and the worst circumstance for the salmon, to evaluate the candidate sites. The three reference sites located in the stream where the Formosan salmon could naturally propagate. The results indicated that the overall habitat quality of stream Lo-Ye-Wei (potential releasing site Y#1) was superior to the other sites. The increase of fish population in the Lo-Ye-Wei was significant with a total of 1269 fish in 2012 over 2.5 times the amount of 519 fish in 2011. This significant boost of salmon population in Lo-Ye-Wei indicated that the siting strategy proposed in this study is feasible for the salmon release.
Coastal development and mangroves in Abu Dhabi, UAE
Authors: Paleologos E K , Welling B A , Amrousi M E , Masalmeh H A
Published: November 2019

Mangrove forests are widely distributed in Asia, America, and Africa. These salt-tolerant bushes or trees grow at the intersection of fresh and saline waters in tidal lagoons, estuaries, and deltas creating rich ecosystems. They are used by communities for wood, and fish and shellfish harvesting, and they play an important role in soil stabilization and wave and flood modification by absorbing storm surges protecting coastal communities. Mangroves are threatened by human activities that include discharge of untreated wastewater that creates hypoxic conditions; structures, which interfere with material deposition and current circulation; and ship and boat movement, which create wake waves, or introduce ballast water. The highly salt tolerant species of Avicennia marina covers about 155 km2 of the Abu Dhabi shoreline. Mangroves’ existence in some locations there is endangered by the intense coastal development and engineered shoreline modification taking place. Cement factories with heavy metal and other particle sea deposition; marinas, ports, canals, and seawalls constructed to provide residential sea views, and motorized boats modify hydrodynamic conditions and affect the settling of particles directing them seaward. Finally, the dredging that accompanies construction removes benthic communities and material modifying the seabed and may create conditions adverse to mangrove survival.
Analysis of changes in hydrometeorological variables of Techirghiol Lake
Authors: Maftei C , Buta C , Draghici G , Filip C
Published: November 2019

Techirghiol Lake is one of the most important hypersaline lakes in South East region of Europe due in particular to its therapeutic properties. The principal threats of this ecosystem are: climate changes and watershed changes due to human activities, which result in pronounced changes of this lake. The analysis of changes (via parametric and nonparametric approaches) is one of the keystones for understanding the long term variability of this ecosystem and the factors influencing it. To analyse the evolution of lake processes the hydro-meteorological variables was investigated, spanning the 1953-2015 period. The preliminary results shows a strongly influence of anthropic impact corroborate with climate changes on hydrological lake variables.
Application of Mike11 and remote sensing in simulating flood – a case study in Tra Khuc River, Quang Ngai Province, Vietnam
Authors: Bui L T , Bui A H
Published: November 2019

Flooding, inundation are two of five kinds of disaster (storming, erosion, drought, saline intrusion) which cause serious impacts on Vietnam. In addition, due to the effects of climate change, unstability and more serious disasters in term of frequency, locations, and intensity. In this problem, central of Vietnam, especially Quang Ngai, are famous examples. This study applys combined approach: remote sensing method for establishing flooding maps and MIKE11 for simulating flood in Tra Khuc river downstream. The research aims to provide scientific and practical basics for projects and sience missions. The data is provided from historical flooding event in Quang Ngai in 2013, the article presents results including (1) Map of flooding in Quang Ngai in 2013 with correlation coefficiency at 0.87; (2) Hydrological and hydrodynamic caribrated parameters for MIKE11 for downstream area; (3) Maps of inundation in 2013 for Tra Khuc downstream; (4) Potential flooding risk maps following climate change and sea level rise scenarios.
Toxic effect of oil spill on the growth of Ulva pertusa by stable isotope analysis
Authors: Liu Y X , Liu Y , Lou Y D , Li N
Published: November 2019

The oil spills occur frequently during the offshore oil exploration and transportation, resulting in the destruction of the marine environment. After an oil spill, petroleum can stay in the sea for a long time and pose a toxic effect on marine organism. Under the action of the waves, oil continues to diffuse, flows to the intertidal zone of the coast, where it accumulates. Ulva pertusa Kjellman (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) is the marine green algae and is widely distributed and easy to breed in the intertidal zone. The study investigated the growth rates, chlorophyll-a, and carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of U. pertusa under the stress of the water accommodated fraction (WAF) for two kinds of oils (0# diesel oil and Russian crude oil). The results showed that the growth rate and chlorophyll-a initially increased and then decreased under the stress of WAF. High concentration of WAF posed the obviously inhibitory effect on algae; and oil spill also causes the distinct fraction of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of U. pertusa, especially for carbon stable isotope. The change trends of bulk carbon and nitrogen isotopes were similar to those of growth rates of U. pertusa. Therefore, the application of stable isotope techniques can quickly evaluate the toxic effects of petroleum on algae and can be used as a new method to evaluate the toxicity of the oil spill in marine environment.
Spreading process simulation and optimization of the flight of municipal sludge rotary dryer
Authors: Yin F J , Zhao G J , Liang X , Wang S Q , Chai B Y , Shi Y C
Published: November 2019

In view of flights spreading process of municipal sludge rotary dryer, the holding capacity and spreading model of flights during sludge drum dryer rotation were established, the influence of setting angle and type of flights on flights tilting angle and material spreading uniformity were investigated through MATLAB programming simulation, and then the structure of flights were optimized. It can be found that the order from large to small of tilting angle of different flight types is arc type, bending type and one-section type, the spreading sludge granules uniformity of bending type flight is better than those of one-section and arc type flight, the hinge connecting part of improved flight can ensure the sludge grabbed, and solve outlet difficult problem of sludge granules at the inlet.
Impact of the three gorges reservoir operation on the hydrological situation of Poyang Lake
Authors: Deng P X , Bing J P , Jia J W , Liu X
Published: November 2019

The operation of Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) has changed the hydrological situation of Yangtze River and its connected lakes. Based on the hydrodynamic model, the influence of TGR operation from 2009 to 2014 on the Poyang Lake has been evaluated. It is found that TGR impoundment reduced the discharge of the Yangtze River and the water level of Poyang Lake, brought the decreasing of the backflow phenomenon. Especially in October, the discharge and water level of Hukou station (HKS) decreased by 9.6% and 1.09 m respectively, and this effect could be up to the Kangshan area. Meanwhile, TGR operation has also increased the water level of HKS by 0.1~0.56 m from December to May, which only affected the vicinity of Duchang. In addition, TGR operation also increased the maximum water level of HKS from April to June by 0.1~0.34 m, and that from July to August decreased by 0.22~0.4 m which is beneficial to reducing the flood control risk of Poyang Lake. But TGR impoundment changed the water exchange process between Yangtze River and Poyang Lake, and advanced the dry season, which had a certain impact on the water supply and ecological environment of the lake area.
Analysis of reservoir flood control risk considering forecast uncertainty
Authors: Wu J , Xu J J , Chen J , Zhong D Y , Wang Y Q , Li Q Q
Published: November 2019

The reservoir flood control risk is closely related to the accuracy of hydrological forecasting. High-accuracy hydrological forecasting technology can greatly reduce the reservoir flood control risk. Based on the definition of reservoir flood control risk, the risk exceeding the check water level of the reservoir and the risk exceeding safe flow of downstream flood control object are selected as the risk index of reservoir flood control in this paper. The relationship between the standard deviation of the relative error and the certainty coefficient of the flood process is analyzed. According to the distribution law of the flood forecast error, the Monte Carlo method is used to generate multiple inflow scenarios to simulate the flood control operation of reservoirs and analyze the risk rate of reservoir flood control operation. Taking Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba cascade reservoirs as an example, the risk rate of exceeding the check water level of the reservoir and exceeding safe flow of downstream flood control object under different flood forecasting accuracy are calculated. It provides a scientific basis for flood forecasting and operation of Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba cascade reservoirs.
Design of Energy Monitoring System for Small Scale Wind Turbine Applications
Authors: Damanik Natalina , Robiansyah Muhammad R. , Apriliana Almas , Purba Sahrijal
Published: November 2019

In this paper, an energy monitoring system for small scale wind turbine is proposed. The monitoring system process includes measuring wind turbine power output (voltage and current) and storing systems. The measurement results will be stored in a micro SD at the real time. All processes for measuring and storing data in a data logger were carried out by a microcontroller through several sensors and storage media. The data logger were designed and implemented as small as possible to save material and enhance the performance of serial communication between components inside. Hence, most of components are installed by Surface Mounting Device (SMD) packaging resulted a compact data logger size as 7cm x 8cm. Furthermore, by using FAT32 system files, the data logger is able to operate a micro SD with a size of up to 32GB. Finally, this data logger shows a good capability for measuring voltage, current and storing the results into the SD card including the measurement period.
Financial engineering to promote renewable energy in Indonesia: Case study bioethanol
Authors: Purwoko
Published: November 2019

In line with the improving economy, fuel consumption in Indonesia is increasing. Unfortunately, the production of fossil-based fuels is declining, and oil reserves are running low. If there is no serious effort from the government, it is predicted that national energy security will be disrupted. The government has set up an energy mix policy, with targets such as reducing the consumption of fossil fuels and increasing the consumption of renewable fuels, including bioethanol.

Government program on bioethanol is currently unworkable, since its cost of production is more expensive than the price of fossil fuels. This study aims to find policies to encourage the bioethanol production. This study uses secondary data analyzed by the qualitative descriptive approach.

The results of this study indicate that financial engineering can be used by the Government to accelerate the bioethanol programs, by using excise tax and subsidies as instruments. Excise tax for fossil fuel will increase prices, and are expected to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels. The excise revenue can be earmarked to provide subsidies for bioethanol producers. This policy will make the bioethanol production cost lower and is expected to attract producers to produce bioethanol.
Determination of environmental indicators critical values depending on their impact on various types of infrastructure in harsh climate
Authors: Konovalov Alexey M. , Baturova Galina V.
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the methods and algorithm for ranking of environmental indicators depending on their impact on infrastructure for long-term planning of infrastructure development in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in the context of global climate change. The article presents the environmental indicators critical values database focused on supporting decision-making as well.
Incommensurate Phase Transition and Electronic Properties of BaMnF4
Authors: Palaz Selami , Simsek Sevket , Koc Husnu , Babayeva Rena , Mamedov Amirullah M. , Ozbay Ekmel
Published: November 2019

We present the ab initio study the electronic, mechanical and structural properties of BaMnF4. We duscuss the trends in the electronic and mechanical properties of BaMnF4 under pressure up to 80 GPa. BaMnF4 belongs to the family of BaMF4-type fluorides (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mg, Zn) which share the same orthorhombic structure. The main focus of this study is to elaborate the changes brought about in the electronic and the structural properties by applied pressure. The calculated lattice parameters have been in agreement with the available experimental and theoretical value. Band gap of BaMnF4 in our calculation is about 2.0 eV, separating the empty upper-Hubbard t2g bands and occupied lower-Hubbard eg bands. The total and partial DOS corresponding to the electronic band structure are calculated. Comparative analysis of the results of these calculations shows that the band-gap energy of BaMnF4 decreases with increasing pressure and has a minima value at a critical pressure (appr. 65 GPa), after which it increases again. Some fundamental physical parameters such as elastic constants, bulk modulus, Poisson’s ratio, sound velocities and Debye temperature were calculated and interpreted, too.
Biogeosorbents for solving ecological problems
Authors: Shchemelinina T , Kotova O , Harja M , Anchugova E
Published: November 2019

Among the variety of the ecotoxicants the petroleum products are the most environmentally dangerous, since the intensive migration of pollutants from them can occur because of the solubility of ionic components. Zeolites have high adsorption and cation exchange capacity and can be used as adsorbents for hydrocarbons polluting water bodies and soil. The disadvantage of their application is that after the adsorption of pollutants the secondary waste requiring costly disposal methods would be formed. Developing biogeosorbents via immobilization of petroleum oxidizing microorganisms on glauconites can provide the solution to the problem of immobilization of hydrocarbons polluting water bodies and soil. The obtaining zeolite-based biogeosorbents through immobilization, rather than freeze drying, solve the problem of sorbing material utilization, moreover, of increasing the efficiency cell retention, cell viability and extracellular enzyme activity. In extremely poor environmental conditions zeolite carrier provides transport of bacteria, allowing to exist in state suspended animation for up to 10 years.
Effect polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) to the physical properties of gadolinium doped cerium (Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95) nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method
Authors: Damisih  , Raharjo J. , Yuliani H. , Hapsari A.U. , Masmui  , Pravitasari R.D. , Grandevi
Published: November 2019

Cerium oxide base materials have been attracting great attention as a promising electrolyte for intermediate temperature of solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) due to its excellent conductivity at a lower temperature. In this works, cerium from Indonesia local raw material was developed as a cheaper alternative precursor for preparing gadolinium doped cerium (Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 or GDC10) electrolyte. The effects of polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) as a surfactant on to physical properties of GDC10 electrolyte were studied. GDC10 powders were synthesized using co-precipitation method with the addition of various PEG 400 concentration i.e 0,1,2 and 3v/v%. Synthesized powders were characterized by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The XRD analysis indicates that crystallinity was enhanced and all of the peaks on samples correspond to the fluorite crystal structure of single phase CeO2. The average crystallite size is about 11.37, 7.27, 6.75 and 7.02 nm for PEG 400 concentration of 0, 1, 2 and 3v/v%, respectively. SEM images show different morphology of particle regarding with the addition of surfactant. Particle size analysis exhibits decreasing of particle diameter as the addition of PEG surfactant. The smallest particle size was about 1.47 μm for 1v/v% of PEG concentration. The results of this works confirm that the addition of PEG 400 surfactant strongly affects particle size and morphology of GDC10 powders. However, addition PEG 400 as surfactant should be delivered in a certain amount to give optimum effects where according to this works it is about 1 -2v/v%.
A Comparative Study on Commercial Grade and Laboratory Grade of TiO2 particle in Nanofluid for Quench Medium in Rapid Quenching Process
Authors: Ramadhani C.A , Putra W.N. , Rakhman D. , Oktavio L. , Harjanto S.
Published: November 2019

Heat treatment of material particularly quenching requires a high thermal conductivity quench medium. Hardenability of material, dimension, and geometry of the component are considerate on choosing quench medium. The cooling rate of quenching affects the properties and microstructures by creating specific phase transformation to occur. Enhancing the quench medium by accelerating the cooling rate can be attained by the addition of nanoparticle which has higher thermal conductivity. This nanoparticle-added medium is commonly termed as nanofluid. Commercial and laboratory grade of TiO2 was used as the nanoparticle to distilled water as the nanofluid base to acquired higher conductivity on the heat treatment process. In this experiment, a top-down method was done to obtain TiO2 particles by grounding using a planetary ball mill for 15 hours at 500 rpm. Nanofluid quench medium was mixed with TiO2 in various concentration of 1%, 5% and 10% with a volume of 100 ml each. Samples of AISI 1045 or JIS S45C carbon steel were used to obtain different cooling rate on a different type of TiO2 particles. Samples were heat treated by austenizing at 1000°C for 1 hour, followed by rapid quenching in nanofluid quench medium with the addition of agitation as quenching variable. Observation of particle morphology and size, material composition, and the change of surface ere measured by Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). Initial characterization showed that the TiO2 particle size was at 150 nm range, and roughly free from any impurities. Martensite microstructures have the most significant area and the amount at laboratory-grade TiO2 in 0.2 wt% composition, followed by commercial-grade at 0.3 wt% composition.
10 Ghz Optical Modulator using CPS structure for communication and Sensing
Authors: Daud P. , Kurniadi D.P. , Mahmudin D. , Wijayanto Y.N. , Putranto P. , Pristianto E.J. , Nurrahman A. , Andriana  , Zulkarnaen  , Vertus O.
Published: November 2019

The combination of of wireless millimeter-wave (MMW) bands and fiber optic cables is able to compensate the propagation loss of millimeter waves in broadband communications and high-resolution imaging. This paper discusses the design and the realization of optical modulator using coplanar stripline (CPS) structure completed with the u-slot antenna patch for RF signal input. The substrate used for CPS structure is Lithium Niobat (LiNbO3) due to its large electro optical coefficient. A 10 Ghz radio wave frequency is inputted via microstrip u-slot antenna patch array 2 x 1 with input impedance 50 Ω, and acceptable return loss -10 dB. The light waves for the carrier are generated from the laser diode. Several measurements have been completely done and reported. The design is carried out by means of varying physical variable value which results in specification of the operating frequency 10 GHz. This is a pure research since the obtained results are not directly applied to the radio-over-fiber (RoF) technology.
The Effect of Manganese Palmitate as Pro-Oxidant Additive on Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene
Authors: Pamungkas Reza Jati , Rachmawati  , Made Arcana I
Published: November 2019

Polypropylene (PP) is one of the most widely used polymer materials, such as in textile, automotive spare part, furniture, household appliances, and packaging. However, PP is very difficult to degrade naturally. When the product from PP is not reused and discharged into the environment, this plastic can cause problems to the environment. One of the solution to improve degradability of PP is by adding pro-oxidant additives. The addition of pro-oxidant additives can make polypropylene to easily oxidize and degrade into shorter chains by producing carbonyl groups. The pro-oxidant additive used in this research is manganese palmitate. The additive was synthesized by reacting palmitic acid with sodium hydroxide and followed by reaction with manganese chloride tetrahydrate. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of manganese palmitate as a pro-oxidant additive to the structure and mechanical properties of PP before and after thermal treatment. The thermal treatment was carried out by providing heating in PP at various temperatures (25, 60, and 90°C) for 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days. The structure and mechanical properties of PP was characterized by functional group analysis (FTIR) and mechanical properties (Tensile tester). FTIR spectra of PP film after thermal treatment at temperature 60 and 90°C showed the presence of carbonyl group in 1700-1720 cm−1 region. After thermal treatment at 90°C, PP film could not be analyzed by mechanical properties because it was damaged and destroyed. The peak intensity of the carbonyl group increased with the increasing temperature of heating. PP films with the addition of manganese palmitate both before and after thermal treatment have a lower tensile strength and elongation compared to the pure PP, but their modulus young are higher, so that the films of PP with addition of pro-oxidant became more fragile and rigid. In addition, the PP film with heating treatment at 90°C cannot be analysed due to it was damaged and destroyed.
Recent Development of Lactic Acid Production using Membrane Bioreactors
Authors: Aliwarga L. , Wardani A.K. , Aryanti P.T.P. , Wenten I G.
Published: November 2019

Lactic acid has been widely used as flavour and preservative in the food, pharmaceutical, leather and textile industries. It can be produced by fermentation process of the substrates with high lactose content, such as cheese whey, soybean milk, corn, and potatoes. Among various existing technologies, membrane bioreactor is one of the promising methods to achieve high productivity of lactic acid. In addition, membrane bioreactor allows integration of fermentation and separation steps, thus it able to simultaneously maintain high cell density, recycle the cells for further use, and continuously remove lactic acid from the fermenter.
The effect of temperature and reaction time on the shape of Ag nanowires synthesized using the polyol method
Authors: Septiningrum Fairuz , Roza Liszulfah , Fauzia Vivi
Published: November 2019

Silver nanowires (Ag NWs) have attracted more attention in the last decade due to their potential applications in the next generation of flexible and wearable electronic devices. Several simple approaches were used to produce highly crystalline Ag NWs, but the synthesis parameter should still be precisely optimized to obtain high aspect ratio Ag NWs. In this study, we observed the morphological changes of Ag NWs during the synthesis to obtain the precise temperature and reaction time. AgNO3 is used as a source of metal ions, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a capping agent or stabilizing agent, NaCl as a control agent, and ethylene glycol (EG) as a reducing agent and solvent. Synthesis was performed with temperatures of 150°C and 170°C, and it was observed in reaction times of 10, 15, 40, 80, and 120 min. The results show that Ag nanoparticles were formed in the first 10 min of the reaction then continue to form Ag NWs up to 80 min. After that, the diameter of Ag NWs starts to expand from 7.1 nm to 8.8 nm. The highly crystalline Ag NWs with an aspect ratio of 191.7 ± 9.8 were obtained in the synthesis performed at temperature of 170°C in 120 min.
Gain-switched Dy3+:ZBLAN fiber laser operating around 3 μm
Authors: Pajewski Lukasz , Sójka Lukasz , Lamrini Samir , Benson Trevor M , Seddon Angela B , Sujecki Slawomir
Published: November 2019

A gain-switched Dy3+-doped ZBLAN fiber laser operating at 2.943 μm is experimentally reported for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The laser was pumped by a 1.1 μm Q-switched ytterbium (III) fiber laser constructed in-house. A stable pulse train is achieved with repetition rates spanning between 25 and 100 kHz. For the repetition rate of 50 kHz, stable 183 ns pulses with an energy of 0.72 μJ and peak power of 4 W are recorded. By using a longer length of Dy3+-doped ZBLAN fiber, gain-switched operation was achieved at a wavelength larger than 3 μm.