bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DOTAGEL: a hydrogen and amide bonded, gelatin based, tunable, antibacterial, and high strength adhesive synthesized in an unoxidized environment
Authors: Swapnil Soham Irtiza , Shoudho Md Tashdid Hossain , Rahman Abdur , Ahmed Tahmed , Arafat M. Tarik
Published: September 2024

This study proposes DOTAGEL, a novel antibacterial, wet bioadhesive with high adhesion strength, synthesized in an unoxidized environment for both external and internal wound healing applications utilizing a simple one-step method.
Structural isomerism engineering regulates molecular AIE behavior and application in visualizing endogenous hydrogen sulfide
Authors: Li Yaxi , Wang Yong-Xiang , Liu Dujuan , Ni Chen-Chieh , Ni Jianming , Ni Jen-Shyang
Published: September 2024

The isomerization effect on coumarin-based AIEgens was systematically analyzed and further applied to H2S detection.
Unveiling the electrical performance of flash-sintered potassium sodium niobate
Authors: Tkach Alexander , Serrazina Ricardo , Pereira Luis , Senos Ana M. O. R. , Vilarinho Paula M.
Published: September 2024

Electrical performance of flash-sintered K0.5Na0.5NbO3 ceramics: after annealing, both conventional and flash-sintered KNN ceramics exhibited electrically homogeneous behaviour similar to that of single crystals.
Fabrication of effect pigments with full visible photonic crystal colors via the shear-induced assembly of multinary colloidal nanoparticles
Authors: Guo Qilin , Li Huateng , Wang Xiuli , Wang Changchun
Published: September 2024

An efficient shear-induced co-assembly strategy is provided for creating full-spectrum tunable structural color materials and complex photonic nanostructures by handily manipulating varied relative ratios of multinary colloidal nanoparticles.
Cuprous-based layered single-crystalline scintillators for X-ray detection and imaging
Authors: Zhao Yuke , Chen Danping , Tang Haitao , Liu Hailin , Liu Yong , Dang Yangyang , Lin Qianqian
Published: September 2024

A new metal halide single crystal (C6H10N2)2Cu2I3(PO2)3 was demonstrated. The optical and X-ray properties of (C6H10N2)2Cu2I3(PO2)3 were fully characterized and evaluated, which demonstrated great potential for X-ray detection and imaging.
In situ preparation of highly luminescent Sb3+/Mn2+ co-doped Cs2KInCl6 lead-free double perovskites in a PVDF matrix and application to white light emitting diodes and anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Dong Yongrun , Li Wen , Huang Tao , Ge Shuaigang , Kong Linghang , Ning Chuang , Li Zequan , Gao Wei , Zou Bingsuo
Published: September 2024

A strategy for in situ preparation of lead-free double perovskite-based polymer composite film with large area and high efficiency white light emission and its applications.
Household welfare improvement in the Mbulu district of Tanzania: does rural electrification matter?
Authors: Matimbwa Hadija , Mng'ong'o Marco E.
Published: September 2024

Access to electricity is crucial for basic human activities and serves as a direct measure of energy poverty.
Reliability of the Unilateral Hearing Loss in Youth Instrument for Children With Single-Sided Deafness
Authors: Chang Grace W. , Christianson Erin S. , Barr Rachel S. , Wang Xing , Dunnell Janet J. , Sie Kathleen C. Y.
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

While general practice parameter recommendations for children with unilateral hearing loss or single-sided deafness (SSD) have been published, clinically utilized subjective instruments specifically designed to assess this population are scarce. Treatment options are evaluated using audiometric data, speech perception data, and quality of life instruments. The Unilateral Hearing Loss in Youth (uniHELO) is a subjective assessment instrument that aims to evaluate the listening challenges in this population, but it has not yet been studied in a clinical setting. This study examined the reliability of the uniHELO among children with SSD.

Method:

This was a prospective within-subject study. Nine patients with SSD, aged 8–14 years, were enrolled. Participants had not used a personal hearing device for at least 6 months prior to enrollment. The uniHELO instrument was administered at two clinic visits separated by 3–4 weeks. For comparison, the Pediatric and Parent Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ) instruments were administered during the same visits.

Results:

uniHELO scores were not significantly different between the first and second visits. The correlations of scale scores over time were: .96 for the uniHELO, which suggests excellent test–retest reliability; .84 for the Parent SSQ, which also suggests excellent test–retest reliability; and .27 for the Pediatric SSQ, which suggests poor test–retest reliability compared to the Parent SSQ and uniHELO.

Conclusions:

Within-subject scale uniHELO scores between clinic visits showed excellent test–retest reliability across items. The test–retest reliability scores for the uniHELO were also stronger than those for the Parent and Pediatric SSQ. These data support the use of the uniHELO to evaluate listening challenges in children with SSD.
Using Alpha-Band Power to Evaluate Hearing Aid Directionality Based on Multistream Architecture
Authors: Slugocki Christopher , Kuk Francis , Korhonen Petri
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

The aim of the study was to evaluate whether behavioral speech-in-noise (SiN) benefits of hearing aid directivity based on multistream architecture (MSA) might result in reduced electroencephalographic activity in the alpha-band, as is often associated with task difficulty.

Method:

A single-blind within-subject design was used in this study. Thirteen older adults (
M
age
= 73.5 years, range: 62–82 years, six women) with sensorineural hearing loss participated in the study. Participants wearing study hearing aids first performed an adaptive sentence-level SiN test in an MSA-enabled condition (i.e., MSA-ON) to determine the signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) corresponding to speech reception thresholds for 50% correct performance (i.e., SRT-50s). Participants were then tested at their individualized SNRs with target sentences alternating on each trial between two loudspeakers positioned in the front at 0° and −30° azimuth, such as to simulate turn-taking between two talkers seated across from the listener. Electroencephalographic activity was recorded as participants performed this SiN test in two hearing aid conditions: MSA-OFF and MSA-ON.

Results:

Neural oscillations in the alpha-band were significantly reduced over centroparietal electrode sites when listeners performed SiN testing in MSA-ON versus MSA-OFF conditions. Alpha-band power was also observed to increase significantly over the course of 60 test trials, possibly indicative of listener fatigue. Reductions in alpha-band power were not significantly related to likewise improvements in SiN performance.

Conclusions:

Hearing aid directivity based on the MSA algorithm resulted in significantly lower neural activity associated with listening task difficulty in a simulated multitalker situation. Although these results align with the behavioral SiN improvements associated with MSA, magnitudes of change in alpha-band power did not correlate with the degree of behavioral benefit at the level of individual listeners. Measuring neural oscillations in the alpha-band might be useful for evaluating and gaining greater insight into the impact of hearing aid processing on listening effort in challenging acoustic environments.
Are Late Talkers Just Late? Neighborhood Density and Word Frequency Properties of Late Talkers' Spoken Vocabularies
Authors: Simmons Elizabeth Schoen , Paul Rhea
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

Typically developing toddlers extract patterns from their input to add words to their spoken lexicons, yet some evidence suggests that late talkers leverage the statistical regularities of the ambient language differently than do peers. Using the extended statistical learning account, we sought to compare lexical-level statistical features of spoken vocabularies between late talkers and two typically developing comparison groups.

Method:

MacArthur–Bates Communicative Developmental Inventories American English Words and Sentences (
N
= 1,636) were extracted from Wordbank, a database of CDIs. Inventories were divided into three groups: (a) a late talker group (
n
= 202); (b) a typically developing age-matched group (
n
= 1,238); and (c) a younger, typically developing group (
n
= 196) matched to the late talkers on expressive language. Neighborhood density and word frequency were calculated for each word produced by each participant and standardized to
z
scores. Mixed-effects models were used to evaluate group differences.

Results:

The late talker and younger, language-matched groups' spoken vocabularies consist, on standardized average, of words from denser phonological neighborhoods and words higher in frequency of occurrence in parent–child speech, compared to older, typically developing toddlers.

Conclusions:

These findings provide support for the extended statistical learning account. Late talkers appear to generally be extracting and using similar patterns from their language input as do younger toddlers with similar levels of expressive vocabulary. This suggests that late talkers may be following a delayed, not deviant, trajectory of expressive language growth.
Misalignment tolerance improvement of loosely coupled transformer with ferromagnetic materials via genetic algorithm
Authors: Wang Hao , Wang Jing , Li Liangchen , Sun Hao , Yang Fuyao , Zhao Haisen
Published: September 2024

In wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, misalignment between the primary and secondary coils can decrease the transmission efficiency of the loosely coupled transformer (LCT). Adding ferromagnetic materials or a relay coil is an effective solution for efficiency and misalignment tolerance improvement if extra eddy current loss and hysteresis loss on the ferromagnetic materials or the conduction loss caused by the relay coil is well controlled. The effect of ferrite cores on the transmission efficiency of two‐coil and three‐coil LCTs is analysed from the perspective of loss. By finite element analysis, the dimension of ferrite cores is optimised via the genetic algorithm to improve the efficiency and misalignment tolerance of the LCT. Optimal ferrite core dimension is also verified in a 1‐kW WPT prototype, and experimental results show that, after optimisation, transmission efficiency of the two‐coil LCT can be improved by 2.681% and 8.930% under alignment and the 200‐mm misalignment, and with the proposed control strategy, transmission efficiency of the LCT is always above 94.925% under various misalignment conditions.
Hiding image with inception transformer
Authors: Dong Yunyun , Wei Ping , Wang Ruxin , Song Bingbing , Wei Tingchu , Zhou Wei
Published: September 2024

Image steganography aims to hide secret data in the cover media for covert communication. Though many deep‐learning‐based image steganography methods have been presented, these approaches suffer from the inefficiency of building long‐distance connections between the cover and secret images, leading to noticeable modification traces and poor steganalysis resistance. To improve the visual imperceptibility of generated stego images, it is essential to establish a global correlation between the cover and secret images. In this way, the secret image can be dispersed throughout the cover image globally. To bridge this gap, a novel image steganography framework called HiiT is proposed, which takes advantage of CNN and Transformer to learn both the local and global pixel correlation in image hiding. Specifically, a new Transformer structure called Inception Transformer is proposed, which incorporates the Inception Net in the attention‐based Transformer architecture. The Inception Net can learn different scaled image features using multiple convolution kernels, while the attention mechanism can learn the global pixel correlation. By this, the proposed Inception Transformer learns the long‐distance pixel dependency between the cover and secret images. Furthermore, we propose a ‘Skip Connection’ mechanism in the proposed Inception Transformer, which merges the low‐level visual features and high‐level semantic features and achieves better model performance. In detail, The HiiT generates higher‐quality stego images with 45.46 PSNR and 0.9915 SSIM. Besides, accurately restored secret images achieve 47.27 PSNR and 0.9952 SSIM. Extensive experimental results show the proposed HiiT significantly improves the image‐hiding performance compared with state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Enhancing Performance Management through Prosocial Behavior
Authors: Daryono Daryono , Gunawan Ratna Setyawati , Gunawan Diah Setyorini , Dewi Meutia Karunia , Primasari Dona , Udin Udin
Published: September 2024

In this research are conducted to investigated the role of transparency and accuracy as variables that serve to moderate, which in this case mitigates the influence of Prosocial Behavior on Performance Management. In these investigations, there were applied the quantitative approach and located on SMP Negeri Purwokerto. The populations that used in these investigations are the educator or the teacher that taught on SMP Negeri Purwokerto. Where, these investigations are connected to the performance of every educator in teaching where are the total of samples are 277 teachers from 21 schools of junior high school on Purwokerto city. In obtaining the data of this investigations, the researcher is using two ways, which are; (1) observations, the direct observations that done by the researcher are straight used to know the conditions of the teacher; (2) questionnaire, that contained the variables of leadership style, follower matures and teacher performance. The data that obtained by these instruments are analysed by the program of IBM SPSS ver. 26 which are used the descriptive analyses and hypothesis testing. The results are shown on the impact of Prosocial Behavior (X) toward Performance Management are significantly affected with the values 0.0 and under the estimations of significance (0,00) < α (0,05). While, the effect of transparency (Z1) through appraisal bias (Y) towards the performance management are not affected because of the significances values are higher than significance estimation (0,00) > α (0,05). While, the impact of accuracy is directly negative. The education institutes clearly need to improve the aspect of transparency and the accuracy of every educator. Thus, in improvement are directly connected with the impact of prosocial behaviour towards performance employee’s assessment.
Financial Management Behavior Z Generation
Authors: Surwanti Arni , Maulidah Meylina , Wihandaru  , Kusumawati Rita , Santi Fitri
Published: September 2024

This study analyzes the effect of financial literacy, locus of control, hedonism lifestyle, and financial self-efficacy on financial management behavior. The population in this study was comprised of bachelor's degree students. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling method. This study was conducted using primary data, with a sample of 190 respondents. The analysis method used is the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method which is processed through the AMOS 24 program. The results of data analysis show that financial literacy, Locus of control, and Financial self-efficacy have a positive and significant effect on financial management behavior. Lifestyle hedonism has a negative and insignificant impact on financial management behavior. Generation Z tends to have excellent financial management behavior. They are very important to gain financial literacy and need to develop positive and responsible financial habits and behaviors, as well as provide behavioral habits to be able to exercise self-control in the use of their finances and have the capability to make financial decisions efficiently. Good community financial management behavior will reduce poverty and encourage the achievement of sustainable development goals.
Des organoïdes cérébraux pour la compréhension et la thérapie des maladies génétiques rares avec troubles neurodéveloppementaux
Authors: El It Fatima , Faivre Laurence , Thauvin-Robinet Christel , Vitobello Antonio , Duplomb Laurence
Published: September 2024

Les maladies génétiques associées à des troubles neurodéveloppementaux (TND) regroupent plusieurs maladies pour lesquelles peu de traitements sont proposés. L’impossibilité d’accéder à des échantillons de cerveaux humains pour des études ex vivo, et les divergences entre l’homme et les modèles animaux rendent nécessaires de nouvelles approches de recherche. L’organoïde cérébral, une structure en trois dimensions, auto-organisée, et générée à partir de cellules souches pluripotentes induites, permet de reproduire les étapes de développement du cerveau humain, de la prolifération des cellules souches neurales à leur différenciation en neurones, en oligodendrocytes, ou en astrocytes. L’intérêt de ce modèle est désormais prouvé pour la compréhension du développement cérébral et pour la recherche de traitements. Après une présentation des cellules souches pluripotentes induites et des organoïdes, nous exposerons comment cette technique est actuellement déployée, en particulier pour étudier les mécanismes physiopathologiques résultant de variations génétiques pathogènes de gènes candidats de TND.
The lesser trochanter profile is an accurate and reliable measure of femoral rotation for intramedullary nailing
Authors: Mao Jack , Al-Jamal Malik , Allen David , Henry Brandon W. , Court Tannor , Vaidya Rahul
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The lesser trochanter profile (LTP) method is an intraoperative fluoroscopic technique that can assess the femoral version and limit malrotation. The purpose of this study was to directly assess the accuracy and reliability of the LTP method, as well as determine the incidence of malrotation produced by this technique.Methods: Three groups of observers (fellowship-trained orthopedic surgeons, orthopedic residents, and medical students) utilized the LTP method to replicate pre-imaged rotation angles on a cadaveric femur bone. Recorded outcomes include rotational error and number of attempts. Accuracy and interobserver reliability were assessed by rotational error and the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively.Results: Accuracy was within 3° for all three groups. ICC between each group was greater than 0.99. There was no statistical difference between the accuracy of fellowship-trained surgeons, orthopedic residents, and medical students. Medical students on average required more attempts to obtain their final image compared to fellowship-trained surgeons. There was no statistical difference in the number of attempts between residents and fellowship-trained surgeons.Conclusion: None of the LTP measurements were greater than 15°, the clinical threshold for malrotation. The average error of the observers was less than 3°, demonstrating that the LTP is an effective method of assessing the femoral version. There was no statistically significant difference between the observers, indicating that this technique is reliable and easy to use. Ultimately, the LTP method is easily reproducible for surgeons to avoid femoral malrotation.
Adipositasleitlinie 2024 – was ist neu?
Authors: Hauner Hans
Published: September 2024

Nach Aktualisierung und Erweiterung steht seit kurzem die neue S3-Leitlinie zur
„Prävention und Therapie der Adipositas“ zur Verfügung. Sie enthält erstmalig
ein Kapitel zur weit verbreiteten Stigmatisierung von Menschen mit Adipositas,
die sich durch alle Lebens-bereiche zieht, sowie ein Kapitel zu den digitalen
Behandlungsmöglichkeiten, die zunehmend genutzt werden. Die neuen
gewichtssenkenden Medikamente stellen eine effektive Bereicherung der
Therapieoptionen dar und können vor allem die Lücke zwischen der multimodalen
Basistherapie und der bariatrischen Chirurgie füllen. Damit wird sich die
Adipositastherapie in den nächsten Jahren deutlich verändern und die
aktualisierte Leitlinie soll einen Beitrag leisten, um moderne Adipositasmedizin
besser ins deutsche Gesundheits-system zu integrieren.
Interdisziplinäre Adipositastherapie
Authors: Blank Susanne , Otto Mirko
Published: September 2024

Adipositas ist eine globale Epidemie mit zunehmender Prävalenz, die einen
interdisziplinären Ansatz für eine effektive Langzeitbehandlung erfordert. Trotz
der Verfügbarkeit neuer medikamentöser Therapien bleibt die Anzahl der
Patient*innen, die in Deutschland eine angemessene Behandlung erhalten,
unzureichend. Das Disease Management Programm (DMP) für Adipositas, das im
November 2023 eingeführt wurde, zielt darauf ab, die medizinische Versorgung zu
verbessern, derzeit gibt es jedoch keine Kostendeckung für medikamentöse
Therapie, postoperative Betreuung und umfassende Ernährungs- und
Bewegungstherapien. Die Behandlung von Adipositas erfordert einen
vielschichtigen Ansatz. Lebensstilinterventionen wie Ernährungsumstellungen und
Bewegung sind wesentlich, aber oft nicht ausreichend für einen signifikanten
Gewichtsverlust. Pharmakologische Behandlungen, insbesondere GLP-1-Agonisten,
haben vielversprechende Ergebnisse gezeigt. Diese können jedoch aufgrund der
fehlenden Kostenübernahme nur eingeschränkt eingesetzt werden. Die bariatrische
Chirurgie bleibt die effektivste Langzeitbehandlung mit einem durchschnittlichen
Gewichtsverlust von 30–40%. Sie wird für Patient*innen mit einem BMI über 40
kg/m² oder über 35 kg/m² mit Begleiterkrankungen empfohlen. Die Integration von
chirurgischen und konservativen Therapien ist entscheidend für optimale
Ergebnisse.
Inanspruchnahme psychosozialer Hilfen bei jungen Erwachsenen mit
suizidalem Erleben und Verhalten
Authors: Weiss Maren , Hildebrand Anja , Stemmler Mark
Published: September 2024

Die Studie untersucht die Inanspruchnahme von psychosozialen Diensten bei jungen
Menschen, die unter suizidalem Erleben und Verhalten leiden. Dadurch werden
Versorgungslücken deutlich gemacht und besondere Zielgruppen herausgearbeitet.
Die Daten stammen aus der Baselinebefragung des Forschungsprojekts „Outcome
Evaluation [U25]“. Die Stichprobe umfasst n=888 Personen im jungen
Erwachsenenalter, die unter suizidalem Erleben und Verhalten leiden. Unter den
Teilnehmenden griffen 55% auf mindestens ein psychosoziales Hilfsangebot zu.
Heilkundliche Angebote wurden am häufigsten genutzt (54%), gefolgt von weiteren
professionellen Beratungsangeboten (34%) und nichtprofessionellen
Selbsthilfeangeboten (22%). Männer nahmen seltener Hilfe in Anspruch als Frauen
und Personen diversen Geschlechts. Teilnehmende in Beziehungen suchten seltener
Hilfe als Singles. Der Migrationshintergrund zeigte keinen konsistenten
Zusammenhang mit der Inanspruchnahme von psychosozialen Diensten. Psychische
Belastungen und „suicide literacy“ hingen mit einer erhöhten Inanspruchnahme
zusammen. Geschlecht und Beziehungsstatus waren auch dann signifikante
Prädiktoren für die Inanspruchnahme von psychosozialen Angeboten, wenn
psychische Belastungen, suizidales Erleben und Verhalten sowie „suicide
literacy“ berücksichtigt wurden.
Feasibility, Safety, and Factors Predicting Completion of CROSS Protocol–Based Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Squamous Carcinoma: Experience from an Indian Tertiary Care Cancer Center
Authors: Surendran Suraj , Midha Geet , Mathew Manu , Isiah Rajesh , Paul Negine , Yacob Myla , Sasidharan Balu Krishna , Pavamani Simon , Chandran Sudhakar , Abraham Vijay , John Subhashini , Mani Thenmozhi , Samarasam Inian
Published: September 2024

Background Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) using the ChemoRadiotherapy for Oesophageal cancer followed by Surgery Study (CROSS) protocol has improved esophageal cancer outcomes. This study reports the real-world experience of the CROSS regimen for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) regarding its feasibility, safety, and predictors of treatment completion from an Indian tertiary center.

Methodology A retrospective review was conducted for patients with ESCC receiving CROSS (radiation dose: 41.4 Gy) or a modified CROSS (mCROSS; radiation dose: 45 Gy) protocol NACRT between 2015 and 2022. We studied the treatment tolerability, factors predicting NACRT completion, and the effect of completion of its chemotherapy component on the pathological outcomes.

Results Of the109 patients (68.8% males; mean age, 56 ± 9 years; Charlson's comorbidity index [CCI] >2, 19.3%; stage III–IVA, 58%; mean tumor length, 5.5 ± 2.1cm; CROSS, 70.6%; mCROSS, 29.4%), all except 4 completed radiotherapy but only 58 (53.2%) patients completed ≥4 cycles of chemotherapy. Forty-nine patients belonged to the “extended” CROSS trial inclusion criteria. Among the 60 patients who fulfilled the CROSS inclusion criteria, only 51.7% were able to complete ≥4 chemotherapy cycles. The commonest reason for noncompletion of chemotherapy was the occurrence of neutropenia (60.8%). Pretreatment hemoglobin (≥12 vs. <12 g%; odds ratio [OR]: 2.76; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10–6.96; p = 0.031), a low CCI (≤2 vs. >2; OR: 2.98; 95% CI: 1.02–8.73; p = 0.047), and radiation therapy techniques (conformal vs. conventional; OR: 3.29; 95% CI: 1.14–9.50; p = 0.028) were associated with completion of chemotherapy (≥4 cycles). Although there was a trend toward improved R0 resection (95.7 vs. 91.4%), reduced node positivity (17.0 vs. 31.4%), and a high pCR (57.4 vs. 48.6%) in patients completing chemotherapy (≥4 cycles) compared with those not completing chemotherapy (<4 cycles), these differences were statistically nonsignificant.

Conclusion In this study, ESCC patients receiving the CROSS protocol NACRT could complete their radiotherapy component, but a significant proportion exhibited poor chemotherapy tolerance. Neutropenia was a major factor limiting chemotherapy delivery, but anemia, high CCI, and conventional radiation techniques were also associated with noncompletion of chemotherapy. The omission of a few chemotherapy cycles had no significant effect on the pathological response; however, its impact on cancer survival requires further evaluation.
Comparison of Bending Stiffness between String of Pearls Plate-Bone Substitute Constructs with and without Bending Tees in a Fracture Gap Model
Authors: Lu Pei-Han , Corriveau Kayla M. , Farag Ramsis , Hofmeister Erik H. , Kuo Kendon , Matz Brad M.
Published: September 2024

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the bending properties of String of Pearls plate-bone substitute constructs with and without bending tees in the nodes over a simulated fracture gap. It is hypothesized that the constructs with tees will have higher bending stiffness.

Study Design Acetal polymer tubes and 12-hole, 3.5-mm String of Pearls plates were used to create plate-bone substitute constructs simulating stabilization in a bridging fashion over a 45-mm gap. Twenty-four constructs were made with 12 containing tees in the nodes over the fracture gap. Single-cycle load-to-failure 4-point bending was performed in mediolateral and craniocaudal planes. Bending stiffness was compared with a t-test (p < 0.05).

Results All plate-bone substitute constructs had a permanent loss of structural integrity via plastic deformation of the plate. The bending stiffness (mean ± standard deviation) of the craniocaudal group was 59.11 ± 1.98 N/mm with tees and 59.25 ± 1.69 N/mm without tees (p = 0.88). In the mediolateral group, the bending stiffness was 43.17 ± 0.75 N/mm with tees and 41.09 ± 0.91 N/mm without tees (p = 0.0042).

Conclusion In 4-point bending, the plate-bone substitute constructs with tees had equivalent bending stiffness in the craniocaudal plane and increased bending stiffness in the mediolateral plane. However, with a small absolute difference in values, the clinical significance is unclear. Future studies for cyclic bending, torsional, and axial compression tests should be performed to further investigate the value of tees in the nodes over a comminuted or gap fracture repaired in a bridging fashion.
Post–Liver Transplantation Vascular and Biliary Anatomy: A Pictorial Review
Authors: Al-Ogaili Mustafa , Baldawi Jumana , Wallace Alex , Alzubaidi Sadeer , Oklu Rahmi , Knuttinen Grace , Naidu Sailendra , Patel Indravadan J.
Published: September 2024

This article aims to assist radiologists in navigating the vascular and biliary anatomy of post-transplant patients, thereby enhancing their diagnostic accuracy and determining the need for potential interventions. We have detailed established methods for anastomosis between the donor and recipient arterial, hepatic venous, portal venous, and biliary systems, while omitting surgical techniques, vascular shunting, and operative procedures, as our primary audience is radiologists. The focus of this review is on inflow and outflow of both blood and bile. Given the numerous possible anastomosis points in hepatic transplantation, familiarizing radiologists with these variations will support their efforts in identifying crucial structures in post-transplant patients.
Friend or phisher: how known senders and fear of missing out affect young adults' phishing susceptibility on social media
Authors: Klütsch Jennifer , Schwab Jasmin , Böffel Christian , Zimmermann Verena , Schlittmeier Sabine J.
Published: September 2024

Phishers exploit the social nature of social media, thereby targeting young adults, who are highly susceptible to phishing. This study focuses on two under-researched factors influencing young adults’ susceptibility to social media phishing: the user’s relation to the message sender and Fear of Missing Out (FoMO). In an online vignette study, 193 young adults were presented with Instagram chat messages from either known or unknown senders, accompanied by varying consequences for not clicking. These ranged from missing an event with no other user (no consequences) to missing an event with one (low) or several other users (high consequences). The analysis focused on intended behaviour and suspicion, while also capturing young adults’ situational fear of missing out on the scenario-based event with the message sender (State FoMO) and their individual Trait FoMO. The results highlight that the user-sender relation is a strong predictor of phishing susceptibility and a crucial contributor to State FoMO. Furthermore, young adults who are high in Trait FoMO exhibited lower suspicion towards phishing attempts. These findings are discussed along with methodological considerations. In addition, strategies to mitigate the identified vulnerabilities are suggested, focusing on areas where social media phishing is most likely to affect young adults.
The untold history behind fusion ignition
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: September 2024

Personal anecdotes and technical details enliven the full story of the decades-long effort that lead to the first demonstration of fusion ignition.
Mitigating signal interferences in quantum computing applications
Authors: Lange Katherine De
Published: September 2024

The use of a crest factor reduction algorithm suppresses voltage peaks caused by multi-tone microwave signals, potentially allowing for advanced quantum computing applications
Epitaxial growth of HfB2 thin films on Si(111) by magnetron sputtering
Authors: Shanmugham Sathish Kumar , le Febvrier Arnaud , Palisaitis Justinas , Persson Per O. Å. , Frost Robert J. W. , Primetzhofer Daniel , Petrov Ivan , Högberg Hans , Birch Jens , Rosen Johanna , Eklund Per , Nayak Sanjay
Published: September 2024

Hafnium diboride (HfB2) is a promising candidate as a seed layer for GaN growth on Si substrates due to its excellent lattice and thermal coefficients matching with both materials. This work investigates the epitaxial growth of AlB2-type non-stoichiometric HfB2 (HfB2+δ with −0.1 < δ < 0.6) thin films on Si(111) using magnetron co-sputtering. We demonstrated that the process temperature significantly affected the surface roughness (RRMS ∼ 0.5–4 nm), film composition, and the nucleation of secondary impurity phases. Films deposited between 700 and 900 °C exhibit epitaxial growth on the Si substrate with a well-defined relationship of (0001)HfB2‖(111)Siand[112¯0]HfB2‖[11¯0]Si. Detailed x-ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy analyses reveal that impurity phases detected at high temperatures are primarily carbon-rich phases, identified as HfCx or HfCxBy. Interestingly, this secondary phase's crystal orientation follows the orientation of its surroundings. The different findings in terms of contamination (C and O) and deposition temperature offer valuable insights for further growth optimizing of high-quality epitaxial HfB2 thin films on Si(111) for future GaN-on-Si integration.
Laser–cluster interaction in an external magnetic field: The effect of laser polarization
Authors: Swain Kalyani , Kundu Mrityunjay
Published: September 2024

Collisionless absorption of laser energy by an electron via laser–cluster interaction in an ambient magnetic field (B0) has recently renewed interest. Previously, using a rigid sphere model (RSM) and an extensive particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation with linearly polarized (LP) laser light, we have shown that an auxiliary field B0 in a transverse direction to the laser polarization significantly enhances the laser absorption [Swain et al., Sci. Rep. 12, 11256 (2022)]. In this LP case, the average energy (EA) of an electron rises nearly 30−70 times of its ponderomotive energy (Up). The two-stage laser absorption by cluster electrons has been attributed via anharmonic resonance (AHR) followed by electron-cyclotron resonance (ECR) satisfying the improved phase-matching and frequency-matching conditions simultaneously. In the present work, we study the effect of circularly polarized (CP) laser fields on the cluster-electron dynamics considering left/right circular polarizations with an ambient B0. In typical conditions, without B0, we show that both LP and CP light yield almost the same level of laser absorption (about 3Up or less) by an electron. However, with B0, CP light enhances the electron's energy further by ≈10−20Up beyond the previously reported values ≈30−70Up by the LP light. These ejected electrons from cluster show narrow cone-like propagation as a weakly relativistic electron beam with an angular spread Δθ<5° and the beam quality improves in CP than LP. In all cases, RSM and PIC results show good agreement.
Numerical study on space-time distribution characteristics of pressure waves generated by a high-speed metro train operating along various lines of bifurcated tunnels
Authors: Xie Jiawang , Zhu Fentian , Zhang Mengqi , Yao Hua-dong , Niu Jiqiang
Published: September 2024

Bifurcated tunnels have many lines that significantly improve the utilization of underground space. However, the pressure waves (PWs) generated by a metro train in a tunnel may cause irreversible damage to the tunnel, particularly the more complex wave system generated by a train in a variable cross section bifurcated tunnel. Overset grid technology was adopted to simulate trains operating in tunnels; the differences between train operation in single-line and bifurcated tunnels were analyzed, and the PW characteristics of trains operating on three different lines in a bifurcated tunnel were compared. The numerical method was verified experimentally, and the pressure change trend fitted well. The results show the following: The bifurcated tunnel will increase the train surface PWs. The maximum pressure (pmax) of the surface of the train is reduced by more than 60% on average, and the minimum pressure (pmin) is basically the same. The peak-to-peak pressure (Δp) increases by more than 50% on average, but the distribution trend does not change. The influence of the bifurcated tunnel on the tunnel wall pmax, pmin, and Δp is bounded by the bifurcation area. The difference in surface pressure of trains operating on different lines in the bifurcated tunnel is mainly caused by the bifurcated area. The distribution trend of the pmax, pmin, and Δp of trains operating on different lines is the same. However, the pmax, pmin, and Δp of the wall of the train operating line are greater than those of the non-operating line. These findings can provide a reference for the design of bifurcated tunnels and route planning of metro trains.
KOH-activated CoO mesoporous nanoarrays for boosted supercapacitive performance
Authors: Wei Geng , Xu Wei , Zhang Li , Zhang Wenhao , Fan Sining , Wang Zhaomeng , Xia Puyue , Huang Haifu , Tang Shaolong
Published: September 2024

Highly active transition metal oxides mesoporous materials have tremendous potential applications in energy storage and catalysis due to their great physicochemical performance. However, the regulation of porous structures still faces many challenges, and the synthesis of mesoporous materials is usually costly and long-time consuming. Herein, using CoO as the example, a strategy based on KOH activation and substitution reaction has been proposed to prepare CoO nanoarrays mesoporous material and improve its electrochemical performance. The CoCO3Co(OH)2 nanoarrays on Ni foam are transformed into a Co(OH)2 nanoarrays with high crystallinity through the substitution reaction in KOH solution. Meanwhile, the activation effect of KOH provides abundant porous structures for etching the nanoarrays. During the annealing process, the high crystallinity of Co(OH)2 effectively alleviates pore collapse, thereby obtaining a CoO nanoarrays mesoporous material with excellent electrochemical performance (denoted as A-CoO@NF). As the positive electrode material for supercapacitors, A-CoO@NF shows a high specific capacity of 775.6 C g−1, far higher than that of CoO@NF (416.5 C g−1). The enhanced electrochemical performance is attributed to its unique mesoporous structures, which positively promote electrolyte permeation and ion diffusion, and the ultrafine nanocrystals and smaller lattice parameters provide numerous edge active sites and enhance the conductivity. The strategy proposed here is expected to become a template-free, low-cost, and efficient preparation route for synthesizing more types of highly active metal oxide mesoporous materials.
Optimizing multi-tone microwave pulses via phase selection for quantum computing applications
Authors: Ohira R. , Matsuda R. , Shiomi H. , Ogawa K. , Negoro M.
Published: September 2024

Multi-tone microwave signals are crucial for advanced quantum computing applications, including frequency-multiplexed qubit control and simultaneous two-qubit gate execution. However, interference among microwave signal components can cause signal amplitudes to surpass the output limits of an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG), hindering the generation of precise signals necessary for accurate qubit manipulation. To address this issue, we introduce a method that adjusts the phase of individual microwave signal components, effectively reducing interference and maintaining signal amplitude within the AWG’s operational range.
Parametric study of the performance of an annular water wave concentrator
Authors: Cen Yuhao , Ma Jun , Liu Xiaodong , Liang Dongfang
Published: September 2024

The dispersed nature of ocean wave energy distribution often leads to uneconomical wave energy exploitation when conversion devices are deployed only at certain locations. Inspired by the metamaterial concentrator for electromagnetic waves, an annular water wave manipulator has recently been proposed to amplify wave heights in a specific area. A computational fluid dynamics model is developed to investigate the wave evolution around this device, with the numerical predictions compared well with the experimental data. The wave energy concentration performance of the device is systematically analyzed, considering various structural designs, wave frequencies, water depths, and wave heights. The findings confirm the significant increase in wave heights within the concentrator, reaching up to two times the incident wave height in both baffled and unbaffled configurations, as a result of wave refraction and superposition. The effective channeling effect of the guiding baffles enables both the energy concentration within the concentrator and the invisibility downstream of the concentrator. The baffled design produces superior amplification as the nonlinearity of the incident wave increases.
An efficient analytical approaches to investigate nonlinear two-dimensional time-fractional Rosenau–Hyman equations within the Yang transform
Authors: Ganie Abdul Hamid , Khan Adnan , Alharthi N. S. , Shah Mohd Asif , Mallik Saurav
Published: September 2024

The goal of the current study is to analyze several nonlinear two-dimensional time-fractional Rosenau–Hyman equations. The two-dimensional fractional Rosenau–Hyman equation has extensive use in engineering and applied sciences. The fractional view analysis of two-dimensional time-fractional Rosenau–Hyman equations is discussed using the homotopy perturbation approach, Adomian decomposition method, and Yang transformation. Some examples involving two-dimensional time-fractional Rosenau–Hyman equations are provided to better understand the suggested approaches. The solutions appear as infinite series. We offer a comparison between the accurate solutions and those that are generated employing the proposed approaches to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed techniques. The results are graphically illustrated using two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphs. It has been noted that the obtained results and the targeted problems real solutions are quite similar. Calculated solutions at various fractional levels describe some of the problems useful dynamics. A comparison between the numerical solutions of the models under study and the exact solutions in cases when a solution is known serves as a clear demonstration of the viability and dependability of the suggested approaches. Other fractional problems that arise in other fields of science and engineering can be solved using a modified version of the current techniques.
Optimization random forest model for air entrainment hysteresis prediction in ventilated cavitation using genetic and particle swarm along with experimental observations and numerical simulations of the hysteresis loop
Authors: Kamali Hossein Ali , Erfanian Mohammad-Reza
Published: September 2024

One of the complex challenges in ventilated cavitating flow studies is analyzing hysteresis behavior and the formation air entrainment coefficient (Cqf) under different conditions. This study explores the formation and collapse processes of the supercavity using experimental observations, numerical simulations, and machine learning (ML) models to reveal the hysteresis behavior of air entrainment at different flow conditions. Initially, the research focused on studying air entrainment hysteresis for a disk-shaped cavitator under different Froude numbers (Fr) through experimental and numerical methods. The study identified two key air entrainment coefficients in the hysteresis curves, which are important for gas generator design. In the ML section, hyperparameter optimization for the random forest (RF) model is performed using genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The results demonstrate that the GA-RF model is more accurate than the PSO-RF model in predicting experimental data. The GA-RF findings show that, for a fixed cavitator diameter, Cqf increases with Fr, reaching a maximum value (MaxCqf) before decreasing as Fr continues to rise. Additionally, with an increase in the cavitator diameter, MaxCqf increases and Fr belonging to this ventilation coefficient (FrMaxCqf) decreases.
Analysis of train-induced aerodynamic characteristics and pressure-relief measures relating to fully enclosed noise barriers installed on railway bridges
Authors: Cai Chenzhi , Zhan Yanhui , He Xuhui , Zou Yunfeng , Xu Shaopeng
Published: September 2024

Fully enclosed noise barriers (FENBs) are increasingly being installed on high-speed railway bridges for noise pollution control. However, the aerodynamic effects of high-speed trains passing FENBs have an adverse impact on barrier durability and generate micro-pressure waves. In this paper, a numerical model of a train passing an FENB on a bridge is established. The aerodynamic pressure distribution along the FENB is analyzed for both a single train and two trains passing one another. The propagation characteristics and evolution mechanisms of pressure waves are then investigated. The results show that the pressure is lower at the ends of the FENB and higher in the middle along the direction of train travel. The peak positive and negative pressures at the mid-span are 1.95 and 4.47 times higher than those at the ends, respectively. This distribution is caused by the propagation, superposition, reflection, and attenuation of pressure waves. Compression waves account for 78.9% of the peak positive pressure. An amplification factor must be considered when estimating the impact of two trains passing one another. Analysis of five pressure-relief schemes shows that arranging a single pressure-relief hole at a high-pressure location effectively alleviates the over-pressure in the FENB. The overall pressure-relief effect is an exponential function of the single opening area. Considering a constant opening area, arranging several relief holes at equal spacing optimizes the adverse pressure distribution compared with the single-hole relief scheme. The equivalent forces of the multi-hole scheme are 3.35% and 7.58% lower than in the single-hole scheme.
Integer partitions detect the primes
Authors: Craig William , van Ittersum Jan-Willem , Ono Ken
Published: September 2024

We show that integer partitions, the fundamental building blocks in additive number theory, detect prime numbers in an unexpected way. Answering a question of Schneider, we show that the primes are the solutions to special equations in partition functions. For example, an integer
n
≥ 2 is prime if and only if

(
3

n
3

−
13

n
2

+
18
n
−
8
)

M
1

(
n
)

+

(
12

n
2

−
120
n
+
212
)

M
2

(
n
)

−
960

M
3

(
n
)

=
0
,

where the

M
a

(
n
)

are MacMahon’s well-studied partition functions. More generally, for MacMahonesque partition functions

M

a
→

(
n
)

,

we prove that there are infinitely many such prime detecting equations with constant coefficients, such as

80

M

(
1
,
1
,
1
)

(
n
)

−
12

M

(
2
,
0
,
1
)

(
n
)

+
12

M

(
2
,
1
,
0
)

(
n
)

+
⋯
−
12

M

(
1
,
3
)

(
n
)

−
39

M

(
3
,
1
)

(
n
)

=
0
.
How is graphene influencing the electronic properties of NiO–TiO2 heterojunction?
Authors: Urda Alexandra , Radu Teodora , Gustavsen Kim Robert , Cosma Dragos , Mihet Maria , Rosu Marcela-Corina , Ciorîța Alexandra , Vulcu Adriana , Wang Kaiying , Socaci Crina
Published: September 2024

We synthesized a new nanocomposite bearing nitrogen-doped graphene as a carbon additive to the nickel oxide nanoparticles-titanium dioxide nanotubes heterojunction. The main purpose was the comparison of its structural and electronic properties, hence potential applications, with its undoped, reduced graphene oxide (GO) homolog. The beneficial effect of graphene on TiO2 heterojunctions is an accepted fact in the materials science field, mainly in favor of the nitrogen-doped one. Our data show that both graphenes have little influence on the band offset values of the NiO–TiO2 heterojunction. Still, the presence of reduced, undoped GO allows an improved electron transfer process from titania, causing a better charge carriers’ separation. This correlates well with their observed photocatalytic activity under visible light exposure, for the degradation of four emerging contaminant pollutants (amoxicillin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and β-estradiol). In addition, the band alignment of the NiO–TiO2 heterojunction with graphenes, and the corrected thermodynamic potentials of the organic pollutants explain well the observed photocatalytic behavior.