bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Localization at Users' Sites is Not Enough: GhanaPostGPS and Power Reticulations in the Postcolony
Authors: Agbozo G. Edzordzi
Published: May 2022

Purpose: This study re-examines contemporary localization theory to understand the shortcomings of the theory using the case of a state-sponsored postcolonial technology localization project. I call for centering the analysis of the power reticulations in context-specific technology
localization.
 Method: I engaged in extensive review of existing research on the subject and conducted ethnographic and digital surveys with users and non-users of the technology I studied. This method provided nuanced perspectives on technology localization for a grounded
user experience analysis.
 Results: Against current theoretical assumptions that support localization in user contexts as the solution to the chasm between developer culture and user culture, I argue that the reticular nature of power and developers' neglect of users' geo-epistemology
also create a chasm within localization at users' sites.
 Conclusion: We need to examine the complex work of power in user contexts as part of a holistic theory on technology localization in user contexts. Thus, current assumptions must be revised. This revision must insist
on the primary role of users' worldings in localization. The context of the postcolony provides a privileged insight into theorizing technology localization and must not be seen only as a "kingdom of ethnography" (Mbembe, 2021, p. 14).
Data Handling Process in Extended Reality (XR) When Delivering Technical Instructions
Authors: Rantakokko Satu
Published: May 2022

Purpose: Extended reality (XR) is a promising new medium that creates environments combining real and virtual elements or offers a completely virtual environment for people to experience. In the field of technical communication, XR offers a plethora of possibilities, such as
augmenting critical instructions in a work environment. On the downside, XR brings about challenges. For example, issues of privacy and security require more attention due to the risks involved with XR devices continuously collecting data from the users and their surroundings. More knowledge
concerning the use of XR as a medium to deliver technical instructions is required. In this article, I address this need by explaining how XR handles data.
 Methods: To find out how XR handles data, I used relevant previous research (33 papers and four books) as data for thematic
analysis. I coded data systematically according to how XR has been used before and the phases that can be seen in the process of data handling in XR when it is used as a medium for technical instructions.
 Results: The data handled in XR can be divided into instructional data,
such as assembly instructions, and collected data that XR equipment collects while someone is using it. Data handling in XR can be seen as a process. Based on the thematic analysis, I found six different phases of data handling: collection, processing, storage, transfer, combining, and presentation.

Conclusion: The phases of data handling in XR illustrate in general what happens to the data in XR and what kind of data the equipment collects. My findings add to our understanding of XR as a medium to deliver technical instructions. They also offer a usable framework for mapping the
differences between XR and other media as a way to deliver technical instructions.
The Economics of Abatement Based on Explicit Technologies for Output Reduction and Control
Authors: Mitra Siddhartha , Agarwal Vanshika
Published: May 2022

The contribution of this paper lies in deriving socially optimal abatement (pollution avoidance) explicitly from separate technologies for production as well as control, where ‘control’ refers to decomposition of pollutants into harmless matter. This would help to construct welfare maximizing interventions such as Pigouvian taxes, given that a firm would respond to such an intervention by undertaking ‘reduction’ of its output and ‘control’, the two constituents of socially optimal abatement. Two cases are considered in this paper: zero and positive marginal cost of control at zero level of control. Cost minimization of a targeted level of abatement implies that the first case results in positive levels of both ‘reduction’ and ‘control’. The second case is associated with reduction equaling abatement for abatement below or equal to a threshold level, and positive levels of ‘reduction’ and ‘control’ otherwise. Thus, low enough marginal damages would be associated with low socially optimal abatement facilitated only through reduction; otherwise, a high enough socially optimal abatement facilitated by ‘reduction’ as well as ‘control’ would result. Further, an increase in the efficiency of the control technology which lowers the mentioned threshold level might have no impact on the magnitude of socially optimal level of abatement when marginal damages are low enough.
STRATEGIC MAPS AS A FORM OF FUNCTIONAL STRATEGIES OF MOTOR TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES IN UKRAINE IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Mazur Julia , Bratus Hanna , Karbovska Liubov , Paliy Svetlana
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the current issues on improving the strategic management of motor transport enterprises in Ukraine that provide cargo transportation service. Its main objective is to form and implement a strategy for developing motor transport enterprises on the basis of a strategic map as a form of functional strategies implementation.In the course of the research the authors used such methods as: system and comparative analysis, abstract-logical and tabular-graphic methods, method of expert evaluations.It has been determined that the practice of strategic management requires the use of various tools in the process of strategy development, and a special place among them belongs to strategic maps. A strategic map of the sphere of cargo transportation by road has been developed. The map consists of nine stages, five of which include level 1 — a strategic map of the sphere of activity (field) and 4 stages — level 2 — map developing for an individual enterprise. The dynamics and structure of the volume of transported goods and cargo turnover by types of transport in Ukraine have been analyzed. Currently, the analysis of the market of cargo transportation by road is the first stage of the process of developing a strategic map. The mission and key strategic goals of cargo transportation by road have been formulated; the factors of development and technological trends that affect the sphere of cargo transportation by road now, in the near future and in the coming years have been identified. Indicators (key figures) for each business projection have been defined: finances; market (market position, customer relations, marketing); management (internal business processes); personnel; the carrier’s safety and business reputation. A strategic map for the field of cargo transportation by road has been formed. Strategic maps are based on a balanced scorecard and are a tool for achieving optimal balance of a number of economic factors, and achieving such balance is a strategic goal of the company.
THEORETICAL LOGOS OF FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF PERMANENT TRANSFORMATION OF INTERBUDGETARY RELATIONS
Authors: Krysovatyy Andriy , Desyatnyuk Oksana , Tkachyk Fedir
Published: May 2022

The article examines the essential determinants of decentralization and its main elements. Considerable attention is paid to scientific and theoretical aspects of the impact of fiscal decentralization on local economic development. Priority aspects of realization of bases of fiscal decentralization in the Ukrainian administrative practice are covered. It is proved that the key idea of ​​fiscal decentralization is manifested in the achievement of financial autonomy by local governments through the accumulation of financial resources at a certain level of government. Emphasis is placed on the concept of fiscal federalism and its role in the socio-economic development of administrative entities of unitary states.

It is argued that the construction of an effective system of inter-budgetary relations should take into account a range of measures to strengthen the own tax potential of the territorial community. It has been established that recently the tax potential of local self-government bodies has been identified by tax capacity at the expense of three taxes: personal income tax, property tax and single tax. The study showed that fiscal decentralization through the prism of tax, budget and debt instruments can provide a favorable socio-economic climate in local communities.

A structural and logical scheme of the impact of key paradigms of fiscal decentralization on the development of united territorial communities in Ukraine has been built. It is proved that fiscal decentralization in the conditions of divergence of interbudgetary relations can become a catalyst for effective fiscal stimulus policy, as delegation of budgetary powers to lower levels, while improving the efficiency of budgetary resources, will allow more fully and regionally respond to regional development and local needs.
INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF UKRAINE AS A DOMINANT ATTRACTION OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FROM THE EUROPEAN SPACE: ANALYSIS, EVALUATION
Authors: Kostyrko Lidiia , Sieriebriak Kseniia , Середа Олена , Zaitseva Liudmyla
Published: May 2022

The purpose of study is to determine the investment attractiveness of the country and regions as factors that are critical to attracting foreign direct investment from the EU.
Foreign direct investments serve as a source of capital growth, providing the most effective integration of the national economy into European and contributing to the attraction of advanced technologies, modern methods of business management as well. Прямі іноземні інвестиції – джерело приросту капіталу, що забезпечують найбільш ефективну інтеграцію національної економіки в европейську та сприяють залученню передових технологій, сучасних методів ведения бізнесу.
Over the past ten years, there is an unstable dynamics of foreign direct investment receipt to economy of Ukraine. FDI in Ukraine from the EU countries is conventionally divided into three stages: 2010-2013 - a relatively stable level, 2014-2016 - a rapid fall, 2017-2020 - moderate growth.
Based on the results of international ratings, the need to determine the investment attractiveness of Ukraine in the conditions of ecological and economic imperative is proved.Particular attention is granted to identify Ukraine's position by the Environmental Performance Index compared to countries of the world and Europe.
The methodology for determining the investment attractiveness of the country is proposed, which provides for the formation of a General Index of investment attractiveness of the country based on international Indexes:DoingBusiness, Global Competitiveness, EBA Investment Attractiveness, Environment Performance Index. Significant differentiation of FDI funds in the regions of Ukraine is explained by their economic development, the largest volume enters industrially developed regions. A significant correlation between FDI in Ukrainian regions and volume of products in the regions was revealed.
The determinants of the attractiveness of the regions that influence the decisions of investors to invest are identified. The methodical approach to assessing the investment attractiveness of the regions of Ukraine, which is based on generalized indicators of financial- economic and ecologically oriented direction, is proposed. The assessment was carried out and a dynamic analysis of the investment attractiveness of regions according to the proposed methodology was made, which allowed to determine their rating of investment attractiveness.
NOMOFOMO in the health of the Smartphone User for the New Normal: a contribution to the Social Media Health Interaction Theory
Authors: Mejía-Trejo Juan
Published: May 2022

Purpose. The paper is aimed to explain how the NOMOFOMO proposal framework, composed of social media innovations acceptance (SMA), “nomophobia” (NMF), and “fear of missing out” (FOM), interacts with smartphone health user repercussions (HRP), contributing to profile social media health interaction theory (SMT).

Methodology. It is based on a literature review defining a final questionnaire survey to 431 smartphones users (Jun-Aug-2021) with PLS-SEM analysis.

Results. SMA Socialization and Education dimensions, and HRP like pain and movement extremely slowly appearing face like upset or sad, anxiety and anger as central affections.

Originality. The framework gathers four empirically proved separately constructs.
The Relationship between Stock Market and Economic Growth in Nigeria: VAR Granger Approach
Authors: Bako Yusuf Adebola , Isiaka Najeem Ayodeji
Published: May 2022

This study investigated the relationship between stock market and economic growth in Nigeria, covers the period of 20years between 2000 and 2019. Data on market capitalization, all share indexes, value of shares, Treasury bill rate and inflation were considered and gathered from CBN Statistical Bulletin, 2019. Ordinary Least Square method was employed and data were analyzed with the aid of Eview 09. The result revealed that market capitalization proxied for stock market have a positive relationship and statistically significant to influence economic growth at 82% magnitude. However, Treasury bill rate, value of shares, all share indexes and inflation rate have no significant impact on economic growth.  Also, VAR-Granger causality revealed that there is no long-run relationship between the variables in the model due to the scope of the data. It was further shows that market capitalization, treasury bill rate , value of shares, all share indexes and inflation rate do not granger cause or have causal relationship with economic growth except  GDP that influences the treasury bill rate and value of shares. Based on the findings, it was concluded that if stock market is well managed and improve on their activities, it contributes significantly to the Nigerian economy. Therefore, the study recommends that monetary authority should implement a policy that will boost stock market and increase the Treasury bill rate for attracting more investors.
The Effect of Firm Size and Leverage on Profit Management With Ownership Structure as a Moderating
Authors: Rely Gilbert
Published: May 2022

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of firm size and leverage on earnings management with ownership structure as moderating. The sample used is 54 manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2015-2017 period, using multiple regression analysis and to measure hypotheses is SPSS 24.  The study results are (1) firm size has a positive and not significant effect on earnings management. (2) Leverage has a positive effect on earnings management. (3) Managerial ownership has a negative effect on earnings management. (4) Institutional ownership has a negative and insignificant effect on earnings management. (5) Managerial ownership strengthens the influence of firm size on earnings management. (6) Institutional ownership does not strengthen the influence of firm size on earnings management. (7) Managerial ownership weakens the influence of leverage on earnings management. (8) Institutional ownership weakens the influence of leverage on earnings management.
Respite care: free form of support for the factual guardian of a disabled person
Authors: Szeroczyńska Małgorzata
Published: May 2022

Since 2019, the Ministry of Family and Social Policy annually announces the "Respite Care" Programme for factual carers of children with disabilities or adults with a severe disability certificate. The paper presents this Programme in its 2022 edition. It discusses the principles of its financing, conditions for participation and forms of support. At the same time, the author raises the question whether such an organized service, with, by assumption, limited accessibility, meets the requirement of adequate support for people with disabilities, resulting from the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
A CNN-ELM Classification Model for Automated Tomato Maturity Grading
Authors: Yusiong John Paul Tan
Published: May 2022

Tomatoes are popular around the world due to their high nutritional value. Tomatoes are also one of the world’s most widely cultivated and profitable crops. The distribution and marketing of tomatoes depend highly on their quality. Estimating tomato ripeness is an essential step in determining shelf life and quality. With the abundant supply of tomatoes on the market, it is exceedingly difficult to estimate tomato ripeness using human graders. To address this issue and improve tomato quality inspection and sorting, automated tomato maturity classification models based on different features have been developed. However, current methods heavily rely on human-engineered or handcrafted features. Convolutional neural networks have emerged as the preferred technique for general object recognition problems because they can automatically detect and extract valuable features by directly working on input images. This paper proposes a CNN-ELM classification model for automated tomato maturity grading that combines CNNs’ automated feature learning capabilities with the efficiency of extreme learning machines to perform fast and accurate classification even with limited training data. The results showed that the proposed CNN-ELM model had a classification accuracy of 96.67% and an F1-score of 96.67% in identifying six maturity stages from the test data.
Environmental Triggers in Migraine patients in Riyadh: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al Harbi Awad , Alzahrani Nada Hussain , Alsuhibany Hanan Abdulkarim , Al-Dosari Manal Abdullah , Alsalman Reeman Salman , Alkhalifah Alanoud Abdulaziz
Published: May 2022

Background: A migraine is a disabling condition that is characterized by persistent headaches which vary in severity. Migraines are extremely common and represent a major public health concern due to their effect on the quality of life and job performance, which can also lead to a significant financial burden on global economies [1]. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed among migraineurs attending primary healthcare centers and hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The survey included questions about sociodemographic data, number of attacks, and environmental factors triggering migraines, in order to assess their prevalence. Results: A total of 415 participants were recruited. The most common age group was 31– 50 years old (46.5%), with females dominating the males (84.8% vs 15.2%). The prevalence of migraines that affected activities of daily living (ADL) was 80% (CI=75.7% - 84.3%). The most common environmental factors that triggered migraines were noise (87.7%), followed by outdoor light exposure (81.4%), and indoor lighting, such as fluorescent light, and computer systems (79%). In univariate analyses, migraines that interfered with ADL were more common in patients with a bachelor’s degree (p=0.019) and those who were taking migraine medication (p=0.003). Conclusion: Migraines are highly prevalent in our region, most specifically among women. Noise, outdoor light exposure, indoor lighting, fluorescent lights, and computer systems usage were the most triggering environmental factors of migraines. These factors dissuade patients from doing their daily activities. Key words: Migraine, environmental factors, patients, primary healthcare center.
Public Awareness, and Perception towards Chronic Kidney Disease and its Risk Factors in Southern Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshahrani Mona Mohammed , Alwabel Haifa’ Hisham A. , Alabisi Hassan Dhafer Hassan , Alshehr Mohammed Abdullah , Alqahtani Abdulaziz Mari , Asiri Anas Ali , Alqahtani Manar saeed
Published: May 2022

Background: Worldwide, CKDs are the 12th cause of death and the 17th cause of disability, respectively. About 10-13% of the general population had one of the chronic kidney diseases counting more than 500 million persons worldwide. Early diagnosis and treatment of CKD will play an important role in delaying CKD progression [12]. Aim: The current study aims to determine the prevalence and awareness of CKD among the general population and its determinants in Southern region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional approach was used targeting all accessible population in Southern Saudi Arabia (including four regions, Aseer region, Albaha region, Najran region, and Jazan region), aged18 years or more and accepting to participate in the study. Data were collected from participants using an online pre-structured questionnaire. The questionnaire covered the following data: participants’ socio-demographic data, participants’ awareness, and participants’ perception towards CKDs, preventive measures and risk. The questionnaire was uploaded online using social media platforms by the researchers and their friends during the period from 20 March 2021 to 20 June 2021. Results: A total of 1317 participants fulfilling the inclusion criteria completed the study questionnaire. Participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 69 years with a mean age of 34.1 12.9 years old. Exactly 255 (19.4%) reported that they had a family member with CKD and 130 (9.9%) of the study respondents had DM, 98 (7.4%) had hypertension, while 20 (1.5%) complained of CKD. Exactly 93% of the study participants had heard about CKDs and 80.8% correctly defined the diseases as a kidney condition that was unable to filter waste, toxins, and fluids from the body. A total of 84.3% reported that chronic kidney disease progresses to kidney failure and 42.9% agreed that chronic kidney disease may not have any symptoms until advanced. The most reported source of knowledge were social media (56%), followed by mass media (22.3%), work (22.1%), books (20.3%), health education campaigns (15.8%), and others (31%). Conclusion: In conclusion, the current study revealed that public awareness in Southern region of Saudi Arabia about CKD and its risk factors is low in contrast to their perception towards the disease and its associated risk. Having information from scientific sources such as books, health education campaigns or study was associated with high awareness level. Key words: Chronic kidney disease, awareness, perception, population, Saudi Arabia, risk factors
A case of ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Alobaidi Ban , Mohamad Russal Waseem , Al-Allak Mohammed
Published: May 2022

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a condition where pregnancy occurs outside the uterine cavity. It is a life-threatening condition and needs to be acted on urgently when suspected. Ectopic pregnancy should be suspected in any woman in childbearing age presenting with irregular vaginal bleeding like this case. Case: 36 years old female presented with history of irregular vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain and was found to be pregnant on assessment. She was referred to the emergency department with possible miscarriage however on assessment and imaging she was found to have disturbed ectopic pregnancy in fallopian tube. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of careful history taking and assessment in women presenting with vaginal bleeding and taking the appropriate steps in arranging urgent management for this life-threatening condition. It is also a reminder that not all cases have a typical presentation and ectopic pregnancy should be suspected in women of childbearing age presenting with vaginal bleeding or abdominal pain. In fact ectopic pregnancy should be suspected until proven otherwise. Key words: ectopic pregnancy, vaginal bleeding.
Machine Learning Methods for the Prediction of Abraded Butadiene-Styrene Rubber Surface Roughness
Authors: MAČĖNAITĖ Loreta , LUGAS Dovydas , FATARAITĖ-URBONIENĖ Eglė
Published: May 2022

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the ability to predict the roughened surface area of soft polymeric materials using the machine learning method. Random forest and extremely random forest machine learning methods have been applied to predict roughened monolithic butadiene styrene rubber surface area based on the grain diameter of the abrasive paper. It was found that there is a very strong negative correlation between surface roughness and abrasive grain diameter (the Pearson correlation coefficient is equal to - 0.83 and the Spearman correlation coefficient is equal to - 0.91). The statistics of Shapiro-Wilk criteria confirmed that independently of the diameter of abrasive grain, the lengths of rubber surface profiles are normally distributed. It was determined that random forest and extremely random forest algorithms are suitable tools for predicting rubber surface area in dependence on abrasive grain diameter. The forest structure in which results obtained best coincidence with the observed (R2 = 0.95): for the random forest model the number of trees is equal to 20, the leaf size is equal to 4, at the subset of the feature (abrasive paper grain diameter) equal to 1. In the case of an extremely random forest, the number of trees is equal to 350, the size of the subset of the features is equal to 1, and the leaf size is 2. The experimental and generated results agree well. The relative approximation error does not exceed 0.079 %.
Dural Puncture During Spinal Cord Stimulator Lead Insertion: Analysis of Practice Patterns
Authors: Southerland Warren A. , Hasoon Jamal , Urits Ivan , Viswanath Omar , Simopoulos Thomas T. , Imani Farnad , Karimi-Aliabadi Hakimeh , Aner Musa M , Kohan Lynn , Gill Jatinder
Published: May 2022

Background: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an important modality for intractable pain not amenable to less conservative measures. During percutaneous SCS lead insertion, a critical step is safe access to the epidural space, which can be complicated by a dural puncture. Objectives: In this review, we present and analyze the practices patterns in the event of a dural puncture during a SCS trial or implantation. Methods: We conducted a survey of the practice patterns regarding spinal cord stimulation therapy. The survey was administered to members of the Spine Intervention Society and American Society of Regional Anesthesia specifically inquiring decision making in case of inadvertent dural puncture during spinal cord stimulator lead insertion. Results: A maximum of 193 responded to a question regarding dural punctures while performing a SCS trial and 180 responded to a question regarding dural punctures while performing a SCS implantation. If performing a SCS trial and a dural puncture occurs, a majority of physicians chose to continue the procedure at a different level (56.99%), followed by abandoning the procedure (27.98%), continuing at the same level (10.36%), or choosing another option (4.66%). Similarly, if performing a permanent implantation and a dural puncture occurs, most physicians chose to continue the procedure at a different level (61.67%), followed by abandoning the procedure (21.67%), continuing at the same level (10.56%), or choosing another option (6.11%). Conclusions: Whereas the goals of the procedure would support abandoning the trial but continuing with the permanent in case of inadvertent dural puncture, we found that decision choices were minimally influenced by whether the dural puncture occurred during the trial or the permanent implant. The majority chose to continue with the procedure at a different level while close to a quarter chose to abandon the procedure. This article sets a time stamp in practice patterns from March 20, 2020 to June 26, 2020. These results are based on contemporary SCS practices as demonstrated by this cohort, rendering the options of abandoning or continuing after dural puncture as reasonable methods. Though more data is needed to provide a consensus, providers can now see how others manage dural punctures during SCS procedures.
Effect of Wearing the Elevation Training Mask on Physiological Performance in Elite Kayaking Girls
Authors: Amirshaghaghi Farahnaz , Ghram Amine , Abidi Sirine , Akbari Hesam Addin , Chtourou Hamdi , Lavie Carl J , Jimenez-Pavon David
Published: May 2022

Background: The elevation training mask 2.0 (ETM) has been introduced as a novel tool to allow for respiratory muscle training and altitude exposure during exercise that can improve performance and hematological markers in elite and well-trained athletes. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of wearing ETM while performing exercise training on erythropoietin (EPO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), peak oxygen consumption (VO2max), lactate, and 1000-m kayaking performance in elite Kayaking girls. Methods: Thirty elite Kayaking girls (14 to 18-year-old) were equally and randomly assigned into mask, no mask, and control groups. The mask and no-mask groups completed 8 weeks of repeated sprint training, while the control group performed their routine kayaking training programs. Pre- and post-training tests included EPO, VEGF, VO2max, lactate, and 1000-m kayaking performance. Results: We showed that 1000-m time trial significantly decreased for mask (P < 0.001) and control (P = 0.035) groups, and was significantly lower in mask group than control (P = 0.014) and no mask (P = 0.009) groups. EPO did not show any significant changes for all groups. VEGF was increased significantly for mask (P = 0.04) and no mask (P = 0.014) groups. Lactate was decreased significantly for mask group (P = 0.025). VO2max increased significantly for no mask group (P = 0.021). Conclusions: Performing repeated sprint training while wearing ETM has the potential to enhance performance in Kayak racing.
Does computer-aided diagnostic endoscopy improve the detection of commonly missed polyps? A meta-analysis
Authors: Sivananthan Arun , Nazarian Scarlet , Ayaru Lakshmana , Patel Kinesh , Ashrafian Hutan , Darzi Ara , Patel Nisha
Published: May 2022

Background/Aims: Colonoscopy is the gold standard diagnostic method for colorectal neoplasia, allowing detection and resection of adenomatous polyps; however, significant proportions of adenomas are missed. Computer-aided detection (CADe) systems in endoscopy are currently available to help identify lesions. Diminutive (≤5 mm) and nonpedunculated polyps are most commonly missed. This meta-analysis aimed to assess whether CADe systems can improve the real-time detection of these commonly missed lesions.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed. Randomized controlled trials evaluating CADe systems categorized by morphology and lesion size were included. The mean number of polyps and adenomas per patient was derived. Independent proportions and their differences were calculated using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects modeling.Results: Seven studies, including 2,595 CADe-assisted colonoscopies and 2,622 conventional colonoscopies, were analyzed. CADe-assisted colonoscopy demonstrated an 80% increase in the mean number of diminutive adenomas detected per patient compared with conventional colonoscopy (0.31 vs. 0.17; effect size, 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09–0.18); it also demonstrated a 91.7% increase in the mean number of nonpedunculated adenomas detected per patient (0.32 vs. 0.19; effect size, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.02–0.07).Conclusions: CADe-assisted endoscopy significantly improved the detection of most commonly missed adenomas. Although this method is a potentially exciting technology, limitations still apply to current data, prompting the need for further real-time studies.
Associations Between Medicaid Insurance, Biomarker Testing, and Outcomes in Patients With Advanced NSCLC
Authors: Gross Cary P. , Meyer Craig S. , Ogale Sarika , Kent Matthew , Wong William B.
Published: May 2022

Background:Evidence suggests that patients with Medicaid experience lower-quality cancer care than those with commercial insurance. Whether this trend persists in the era of personalized medicine is unclear. This study examined the associations between Medicaid (vs commercial) insurance and receipt of biomarker testing, targeted therapy, and overall survival in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC).Methods:We conducted a retrospective study of patients who received an aNSCLC diagnosis from January 2011 to September 2019 using a nationwide US healthcare database. Eligible patients were aged 18 to 64 years with Medicaid or commercial insurance at diagnosis. Receipt of biomarker testing (ALK,EGFR,ROS1,BRAF, and PD-L1) was assessed. The likelihood of testing, biomarker-driven therapy (cancer immunotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment), and mortality were compared by insurance type using adjusted Cox regression.Results:Our sample included 6,145 commercially insured and 865 Medicaid beneficiaries. Medicaid beneficiaries were more likely to be Black or African American (20% vs 9.3%;P <.001) and were less likely to have undergone biomarker testing (57% vs 71%;P <.001). In the adjusted analysis, Medicaid beneficiaries were less likely to have evidence of testing (hazard ratio [HR], 0.81;P <.001), any first-line treatment (HR, 0.72;P <.001), and first-line biomarker-driven therapy (HR, 0.70;P <.001). Medicaid beneficiaries with evidence of biomarker testing had a lower risk of death compared with those without evidence of biomarker testing (HR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.06–1.52];P =.010). Higher risk of death was observed in patients with Medicaid versus commercially insured patients (HR, 1.23;P <.001); this result remained unchanged after adjusting for biomarker testing (HR, 1.22;P < .001) but was partially ameliorated after adjustment for testing and treatment type (HR, 1.12;P =.010).Conclusions:Medicaid beneficiaries with aNSCLC were less likely to receive biomarker testing and biomarker-driven therapies, which may in part contribute to a higher observed risk of mortality compared with commercially insured patients.
Antidiabetic effect of Atriplex halimus long and short term treatment against streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats
Authors: Bounouar Elaid , Missoun Fatiha , Amari Nesrine Ouda , Belabaci Fatima Zohra , Belabaci Senia , Sekkal Fatima Zohra , Djebli Noureddine
Published: May 2022

El objetivo fue evaluar la actividad antidiabética de hojas de Atriplex halimus en ratas diabéticas modelo. Para evaluar se utilizó la glicemia, pérdida de peso, volumen de consumo de agua, parámetros bioquímicos. estudio histológico. Las investigaciones fitoquímicas indican la presencia de flavonoides, taninos, saponinas, mucílagos, glucósidos. proteínas. Los resultados muestran que el tratamiento con extracto acuoso de A. halimus presenta reducción significativa de los niveles de glucosa en sangre en ratas de los grupos D100. D200, en comparación con el grupo diabético,. protege. las ratas de complicaciones diabéticas. El estudio histológico del páncreas lo confirman por la mejora en los islotes de Langerhans de rata tratada con este extracto vegetal. Atriplex halimus parece ser una planta prometedora para futuros ensayos preclínicos. clínicos en la diabetes de tipo I.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of Atriplex halimus leaves in diabetic model rats. Glycaemia, weight loss, volume of water consumption, biochemical parameters and histological study were used to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity. Phytochemicals investigations indicate the presence of: Flavonoids, tannins, saponins, mucilages, glycosides and proteins. Findings show that the treatment with A. halimus aqueous extract presents. significant reduction of blood glucose levels in rats of groups D100 and D200 compared with diabetic group and protect rats from diabetic complications. These results were confirmed by the histological study in pancreas which indicate improvement in Islets of Langerhans of rat treated with this plant extract. Atriplex halimus appears to be. promising plant for further preclinical and clinical trials in type 1 diabetes.
Adicción a las redes sociales y la procrastinación académica en adolescentes peruanos en tiempos de coronavirus Covid-19
Authors: Yana-Salluca Marisol , Adco-Valeriano Diana Yaneth , Alanoca-Gutierrez Rebeca , Casa-Coila Manuela Daishy
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social network addiction and academic procrastination in times of coronavirus (COVID-19) in regular basic education (RBE) students of a public educational institution (IE) in Peru. The population consisted of 1,255 students of both sexes, between 12 and 17 years of age, and non-probabilistic, convenience-induced sampling was used. The SPSS V.25 program was used for statistical analysis; also, two questionnaires with a validity and reliability greater than 90 were applied. However, Somers' Gamma and D coefficients were also used to detect the degree and direction of association. The results show a high and highly significant correlation between social network addiction and academic procrastination (r=0.710; p=0.01). As described above, addiction has had an increase in confinement times corresponding to increased procrastination.

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre la adicción a las redes sociales y la procrastinación académica en tiempos de coronavirus (COVID-19) en los estudiantes de educación básica regular (EBR) de una institución educativa (IE) pública de Perú. La población estuvo conformada por 1.255 estudiantes de ambos sexos, de entre 12 a 17 años de edad, y se configuró el muestreo no probabilístico, inducido por conveniencia. Se utilizó, para el análisis estadístico, el programa SPSS V.25; asimismo, se aplicó dos cuestionarios con una validez y confiabilidad mayor a 90. No obstante, también se utilizó los Coeficientes de Gamma y D de Somers para detectar el grado y sentido de asociación. Los resultados muestran una correlación alta y muy significativa entre la adicción a las redes sociales y la procrastinación académica (r=0.710; p=0.01). Por lo descrito, la adicción ha tenido un aumento en tiempos de confinamiento correspondiéndole una mayor procrastinación.
Investigating the impact of vulnerability datasets on deep learning-based vulnerability detectors
Authors: Liu Lili , Li Zhen , Wen Yu , Chen Penglong
Published: May 2022

Software vulnerabilities have led to system attacks and data leakage incidents, and software vulnerabilities have gradually attracted attention. Vulnerability detection had become an important research direction. In recent years, Deep Learning (DL)-based methods had been applied to vulnerability detection. The DL-based method does not need to define features manually and achieves low false negatives and false positives. DL-based vulnerability detectors rely on vulnerability datasets. Recent studies found that DL-based vulnerability detectors have different effects on different vulnerability datasets. They also found that the authenticity, imbalance, and repetition rate of vulnerability datasets affect the effectiveness of DL-based vulnerability detectors. However, the existing research only did simple statistics, did not characterize vulnerability datasets, and did not systematically study the impact of vulnerability datasets on DL-based vulnerability detectors. In order to solve the above problems, we propose methods to characterize sample similarity and code features. We use sample granularity, sample similarity, and code features to characterize vulnerability datasets. Then, we analyze the correlation between the characteristics of vulnerability datasets and the results of DL-based vulnerability detectors. Finally, we systematically study the impact of vulnerability datasets on DL-based vulnerability detectors from sample granularity, sample similarity, and code features. We have the following insights for the impact of vulnerability datasets on DL-based vulnerability detectors: (1) Fine-grained samples are conducive to detecting vulnerabilities. (2) Vulnerability datasets with lower inter-class similarity, higher intra-class similarity, and simple structure help detect vulnerabilities in the original test set. (3) Vulnerability datasets with higher inter-class similarity, lower intra-class similarity, and complex structure can better detect vulnerabilities in other datasets.
Growth‐Mixture Models
Authors: Bruckers Liesbeth , Molenberghs Geert
Published: May 2022

Clustering is a technique used to explore data for a structure of natural groupings. Cluster analyses were originally developed for multivariate data. However, techniques such as hierarchical and partitioning cluster algorithms are less adequate when clusters need to be discovered in data exhibiting complex structures. This article describes a model‐based cluster technique, using growth‐mixture models, and illustrates how this model can be used to cluster profiles or longitudinal data.
Statistical Methods for Electrical Consumption
Authors: Keller Merlin
Published: May 2022

In this article, we review some of the main trends in building energy modeling and forecast and the challenges they raise in terms of statistical analysis. These can roughly be classified according to when the modeling takes place within the building's life cycle, as well as on the complexity of the computer code implementing the physical model. More precisely, we discuss two main applications of building energy modeling: design and retrofit analysis, which take place, respectively, before and several years after actual building construction. Although both tasks have different goals and are based on different levels of available information, we show that they are in fact instances of the same statistical methodology, namely computer code validation. We then review this active field of research, pointing to issues that are specific to building energy modeling, and conclude with a discussion on the perspectives opened by the need for evermore robust uncertainty quantification in energy forecasting.
Water‐Resistant Lead‐Free Perovskitoid Single Crystal for Efficient X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Ma Chuang , Li Haojin , Chen Ming , Liu Yucheng , Zhao Kui , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: May 2022

Despite the rapid progress of hybrid organic–inorganic halide perovskites in optoelectronic applications, their water resistance is still limited because of the interaction of both the organic and inorganic components with water molecules. In this study, a cation engineering protocol to obtain a material with inherent high water resistance by incorporating benzamidinium (BAH) cations into the bismuth halide framework is developed. Analysis of the crystal structure indicates that (BAH)BiI4 exhibits a molecular 1D perovskitoid structure with an edge‐sharing mode and strong noncovalent interactions within the crystal, including I•••I interaction, hydrogen bonding, and π–π stacking between adjacent BAH cations. Such strong noncovalent interactions provide excellent water resistance, with negligible decomposition of crystals during water soaking for two months. The feasibility of the (BAH)BiI4 crystal for X‐ray detection, with a sensitivity as high as 1181.8 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 and a detection limit below 77 nGyair s−1 under 50 V bias is further demonstrated. Such good values are due mainly to efficient charge transport along the π–π stacking between neighboring BAH cations and I•••I interactions between adjacent inorganic chains. These findings provide a new approach to improve the water resistance of perovskite/perovskitoid optoelectronic devices.
Magnetically Enhanced Marangoni Convection for Efficient Mass and Heat Transfer like a Self‐Driving Liquid Conveyor Belt
Authors: Zhang Hang , Lin Feng , Liu Laichen , Tong Tian , Li Runjia , Zhong Hong , Chen Zhongchen , Qin Chengzhen , Wang Qiaozhen , Qi Yu , Wu Changjin , Tong Xin , Yu Peng , Sun Ke , Liu Dong , Bao Jiming , Wang Zhiming
Published: May 2022

Temperature gradient‐induced Marangoni convection has attracted much attention for basic research and applications since it provides an effective means for mass and heat transfer through a liquid surface flow. Here the authors first propose a general principle to enhance such surface flow by hindering its transition to recirculation flow using an external field. They subsequently identify ferrofluid and use it validate the principle since its reduced magnetic susceptibility at higher temperatures will make the heated surface liquid stay on the surface by a thermomagnetic body force. Using a laser beam to create a heated local surface and a magnet beneath the ferrofluid to provide a vertical field, a high speed and long‐range Marangoni flow is confirmed experimentally and further supported by computational fluid dynamics simulations. To demonstrate possible applications, the authors show a self‐driving pipeless liquid conveyor belt that can efficiently transfer heat from a source to sink without external power. The demonstration of enhanced Marangoni convection opens new avenue to explore interfacial fluid dynamics and its wide applications.
A Unique Fe–N4 Coordination System Enabling Transformation of Oxygen into Superoxide for Photocatalytic CH Activation with High Efficiency and Selectivity
Authors: Xiao Xudong , Ruan Zhoushilin , Li Qi , Zhang Liping , Meng Huiyuan , Zhang Qun , Bao Hongliang , Jiang Baojiang , Zhou Jing , Guo Chuanyu , Wang Xiaolei , Fu Honggang
Published: May 2022

Selective oxidation of CH bonds is one of the most important reactions in organic synthesis. However, activation of the α‐CH bond of ethylbenzene by use of photocatalysis‐generated superoxide anions (O2•−) remains a challenge. Herein, the formation of individual Fe atoms on polymeric carbon nitride (CN), that activates O2 to create O2•− for facilitating the reaction of ethylbenzene to form acetophenone, is demonstrated. By utilizing density functional theory and materials characterization techniques, it is shown that individual Fe atoms are coordinated to four N atoms of CN and the resultant low‐spin Fe–N4 system (t2g6eg0) is not only a great adsorption site for oxygen molecules, but also allows for fast transfer of electrons generated in the CN framework to adsorbed O2, producing O2•−. The oxidation reaction of ethylbenzene triggered by O2•− ions turns out to have a high conversion rate of 99% as well as an acetophenone selectivity of 99%, which can be ascribed to a novel reaction pathway that is different from the conventional route involving hydroxyl radicals and the production of phenethyl alcohol. Furthermore, it possesses great potential for other CH activation reactions besides ethylbenzene oxidation.
The Transformation from Translucent into Transparent Rare Earth Ions Doped Oxyfluoride Glass‐Ceramics with Enhanced Luminescence
Authors: Li Zhencai , Chen Chunying , Shen Weihui , Zhou Dacheng , Jensen Lars R. , Qiao Xvsheng , Ren Jinjun , Du Jincheng , Zhang Yanfei , Qiu Jianbei , Yue Yuanzheng
Published: May 2022

It is known that the optical transparency of an oxide glass decreases with an increase in the size and fraction of crystals in the glass during heat‐treatment. Here, the authors report an opposite scenario, where a translucent Er3+−Yb3+ doped oxyfluoride precursor glass‐ceramic (P‐GC) becomes transparent with increasing crystal size and crystallinity. Specifically, in the heat‐treated P‐GC samples, the authors observe that the growth of the existing Ba2LaF7 crystals and particularly the formation of small spherical Ba2LaF7 crystals greatly enhanced the light transmittance. To reveal the origin of this anomalous phenomenon, the authors perform detailed morphology and structure analyses on both P‐GC and the heat‐treated P‐GC samples and molecular dynamics simulations of the precursor glass. The results show that the composition of the residual glass phase is altered (e.g., depletion of La3+) in the way that the differences in refractive index between the glass matrix and the crystals are greatly reduced. As a consequence, the light scattering of the heat‐treated P‐GC is suppressed, and hence, the derived P‐GC becomes transparent. In addition, a proper heat‐treatment can also enhance the luminescence of the studied P‐GC system.