bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jetting Performance of Polyethylene Glycol and Reactive Dye Solutions
Authors: Tang Zhiyuan , Fang Kuanjun , Song Yawei , Sun Fuyun
Published: April 2019

The jetting performance of dye inks determines the image quality, production efficiency, and lifetime of the print head. In the present study, we explored the jetting performance of mixed solutions of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and reactive dye by testing the visible absorption spectra, rheological properties, and surface tension, in addition to the observation of droplet formation. The results indicate that PEG macromolecules could change the aggregate groups of Red 218 molecules into smaller ones through hydrophobic interactions and separation effect. The addition of PEG into the dye solution increased the viscosity and decreased the surface tension. In the whole shear rate range tested, the 10% and 20% PEG400, as well as the 30% PEG200 dye solutions, showed good Newtonian fluid behavior. PEG macromolecules improved the droplet formation of the dye solutions. Increasing the PEG400 concentration to 30% and 40% resulted in elimination of the formation of satellites and the formation of ideal droplets at 10,000 Hz jetting frequency. A 30% PEG600-dye solution with the Z value of 4.6 formed the best spherical droplets at 10,000 Hz and produced perfect color images on cotton fabrics.
The Potential for a Pellet Plant to Become a Biorefinery
Authors: Frodeson Stefan , Berghel Jonas , Ståhl Magnus , Granström Karin , Romlin Carl , Thelander Alexander
Published: April 2019

The use of bioenergy has increased globally in recent years, as has the utilization of biomaterials for various new product solutions through various biorefinery concepts. In this study, we introduce the concept of using a mechanical dewatering press in combination with thermal drying in a pellet plant. The purpose of the study is to increase the understanding of the effects a mechanical dewatering press has in a pellet production chain and investigate whether a pellet plant could thus become a biorefinery. The evaluations in this study are based on industrial data and initial tests at the university. The results show that the concept of using the mechanical dewatering press together with a packed moving bed dryer reduces energy use by 50%, compared to using only a packed moving bed dryer. The press water could be used as a raw material for biogas, bioplastics, and biohydrogen. Hence, this study points out the possibilities of a pellet plant increasing the efficiency of the drying step, while moving towards becoming a biorefinery.
Dynamic Flowsheet Model Development and Sensitivity Analysis of a Continuous Pharmaceutical Tablet Manufacturing Process Using the Wet Granulation Route
Authors: Metta Nirupaplava , Ghijs Michael , Schäfer Elisabeth , Kumar Ashish , Cappuyns Philippe , Van Assche Ivo , Singh Ravendra , Ramachandran Rohit , De Beer Thomas , Ierapetritou Marianthi , Nopens Ingmar
Published: April 2019

In view of growing interest and investment in continuous manufacturing, the development and utilization of mathematical model(s) of the manufacturing line is of prime importance. These models are essential for understanding the complex interplay between process-wide critical process parameters (CPPs) and critical quality attributes (CQAs) beyond the individual process operations. In this work, a flowsheet model that is an approximate representation of the ConsiGma TM -25 line for continuous tablet manufacturing, including wet granulation, is developed. The manufacturing line involves various unit operations, i.e., feeders, blenders, a twin-screw wet granulator, a fluidized bed dryer, a mill, and a tablet press. The unit operations are simulated using various modeling approaches such as data-driven models, semi-empirical models, population balance models, and mechanistic models. Intermediate feeders, blenders, and transfer lines between the units are also simulated. The continuous process is simulated using the flowsheet model thus developed and case studies are provided to demonstrate its application for dynamic simulation. Finally, the flowsheet model is used to systematically identify critical process parameters (CPPs) that affect process responses of interest using global sensitivity analysis methods. Liquid feed rate to the granulator, and air temperature and drying time in the dryer are identified as CPPs affecting the tablet properties.
The Intelligence of Biracial Children of U.S. Servicemen in Northeast Asia: Results from Japan
Authors: Kirkegaard Emil O. W. , Lasker Jordan , Kura Kenya
Published: April 2019

The IQ averages of biracial children have long been of interest to intelligence researchers for clarifying the causes of group differences in intelligence. We carried out a search for IQ test results of biracial children fathered by U.S. servicemen after World War 2 and indigenous Asian women in northeast Asian countries (Japan, Korea, China). We were able to locate a report from Japan from a foster home (n = 28–48 biracial children across tests). Results showed that there was only a minuscule IQ gap (<1 IQ) between children of Black–Japanese and White–Japanese parents. However, interpretation of the results is difficult owing to the very small sample size, the non-representative sample, and unknown patterns of assortative mating. We suggest possible avenues for future research.
Evaluation of Sentinel-1 and 2 Time Series for Land Cover Classification of Forest–Agriculture Mosaics in Temperate and Tropical Landscapes
Authors: Mercier Audrey , Betbeder Julie , Rumiano Florent , Baudry Jacques , Gond Valéry , Blanc Lilian , Bourgoin Clément , Cornu Guillaume , Ciudad Carlos , Marchamalo Miguel , Poccard-Chapuis René , Hubert-Moy Laurence
Published: April 2019

Monitoring forest–agriculture mosaics is crucial for understanding landscape heterogeneity and managing biodiversity. Mapping these mosaics from remotely sensed imagery remains challenging, since ecological gradients from forested to agricultural areas make characterizing vegetation more difficult. The recent synthetic aperture radar (SAR) Sentinel-1 (S-1) and optical Sentinel-2 (S-2) time series provide a great opportunity to monitor forest–agriculture mosaics due to their high spatial and temporal resolutions. However, while a few studies have used the temporal resolution of S-2 time series alone to map land cover and land use in cropland and/or forested areas, S-1 time series have not yet been investigated alone for this purpose. The combined use of S-1 & S-2 time series has been assessed for only one or a few land cover classes. In this study, we assessed the potential of S-1 data alone, S-2 data alone, and their combined use for mapping forest–agriculture mosaics over two study areas: a temperate mountainous landscape in the Cantabrian Range (Spain) and a tropical forested landscape in Paragominas (Brazil). Satellite images were classified using an incremental procedure based on an importance rank of the input features. The classifications obtained with S-2 data alone (mean kappa index = 0.59–0.83) were more accurate than those obtained with S-1 data alone (mean kappa index = 0.28–0.72). Accuracy increased when combining S-1 and 2 data (mean kappa index = 0.55–0.85). The method enables defining the number and type of features that discriminate land cover classes in an optimal manner according to the type of landscape considered. The best configuration for the Spanish and Brazilian study areas included 5 and 10 features, respectively, for S-2 data alone and 10 and 20 features, respectively, for S-1 data alone. Short-wave infrared and VV and VH polarizations were key features of S-2 and S-1 data, respectively. In addition, the method enables defining key periods that discriminate land cover classes according to the type of images used. For example, in the Cantabrian Range, winter and summer were key for S-2 time series, while spring and winter were key for S-1 time series.
GPR Antipersonnel Mine Detection Based on Tensor Robust Principal Analysis
Authors: Song Xiaoji , Liu Tao , Xiang Deliang , Su Yi
Published: April 2019

The ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a promising remote sensing modality for Antipersonnel Mine (APM) detection. However, detection of the buried APMs are impaired by strong clutter, especially the reflection caused by rough ground surfaces. In this paper, we propose a novel clutter suppression method taking advantage of the low-rank and sparse structure in multidimensional data, based on which an efficient target detection can be accomplished. We firstly created a multidimensional image tensor using sub-band GPR images that are computed from the band-pass filtered GPR signals, such that differences of the target response between sub-bands can be captured. Then, exploiting the low-rank and sparse property of the image tensor, we use the recently proposed Tensor Robust Principal Analysis to remove clutter by decomposing the image tensor into three components: a low-rank component containing clutter, a sparse component capturing target response, and noise. Finally, target detection is accomplished by applying thresholds to the extracted target image. Numerical simulations and experiments with different GPR systems are conducted. The results show that the proposed method effectively improves signal-to-clutter ratio by more than 20 dB and yields satisfactory results with high probability of detection and low false alarm rates.
High Temporal Resolution Monitoring of Suspended Matter Changes from GOCI Measurements in Lake Taihu
Authors: Xu Yifan , Qin Boqiang , Zhu Guangwei , Zhang Yunlin , Shi Kun , Li Yunmei , Shi Yong , Chen Liangang
Published: April 2019

The Tiaoxi River is the main source of water for Lake Taihu and can result in plumes in the lake after heavy precipitation events. These plumes have played a crucial role in the water quality changes within the lake. High temporal resolution GOCI (Geostationary Ocean Color Imager) data were used to study the spatial distribution of the total suspended matter concentration in Lake Taihu after heavy precipitation events in the Tiaoxi River Basin via an empirical model. The plumes were analyzed after two heavy precipitation events in 2011 and 2013 using 16 GOCI images, which indicated that the Tiaoxi River had a great influence on the spatial distributions of total suspended matter and algal blooms. It was concluded that the main factors affecting the plumes in the Tiaoxi River were precipitation intensity, runoff, and total suspended matter concentration. Human activity, such as sand excavation also played a crucial role in sediment discharge. The results of this study demonstrate that the visualization of GOCI data makes it possible to use remote sensing technology to continuously monitor an inland water environment on an hourly scale, which is of great significance for studying the diffusion and evolution of river plumes.
Improving the Performance of Multi-GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Ambiguity Fixing for Airborne Kinematic Positioning over Antarctica
Authors: Li Min , Xu Tianhe , Flechtner Frank , Förste Christoph , Lu Biao , He Kaifei
Published: April 2019

Conventional relative kinematic positioning is difficult to be applied in the polar region of Earth since there is a very sparse distribution of reference stations, while precise point positioning (PPP), using data of a stand-alone receiver, is recognized as a promising tool for obtaining reliable and accurate trajectories of moving platforms. However, PPP and its integer ambiguity fixing performance could be much degraded by satellite orbits and clocks of poor quality, such as those of the geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellites of the BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS), because temporal variation of orbit errors cannot be fully absorbed by ambiguities. To overcome such problems, a network-based processing, referred to as precise orbit positioning (POP), in which the satellite clock offsets are estimated with fixed precise orbits, is implemented in this study. The POP approach is validated in comparison with PPP in terms of integer ambiguity fixing and trajectory accuracy. In a simulation test, multi-GNSS (global navigation satellite system) observations over 14 days from 136 globally distributed MGEX (the multi-GNSS Experiment) receivers are used and four of them on the coast of Antarctica are processed in kinematic mode as moving stations. The results show that POP can improve the ambiguity fixing of all system combinations and significant improvement is found in the solution with BDS, since its large orbit errors are reduced in an integrated adjustment with satellite clock offsets. The four-system GPS+GLONASS+Galileo+BDS (GREC) fixed solution enables the highest 3D position accuracy of about 3.0 cm compared to 4.3 cm of the GPS-only solution. Through a real flight experiment over Antarctica, it is also confirmed that POP ambiguity fixing performs better and thus can considerably speed up (re-)convergence and reduce most of the fluctuations in PPP solutions, since the continuous tracking time is short compared to that in other regions.
Laser Sensors for Displacement, Distance and Position
Authors: Suh Young Soo
Published: April 2019

Laser sensors can be used to measure distances to objects and their related parameters (displacements, position, surface profiles and velocities). Laser sensors are based on many different optical techniques, such as triangulation, time-of-flight, confocal and interferometric sensors. As laser sensor technology has improved, the size and cost of sensors have decreased, which has led to the widespread use of laser sensors in many areas. In addition to traditional manufacturing industry applications, laser sensors are increasingly used in robotics, surveillance, autonomous driving and biomedical areas. This paper outlines some of the recent efforts made towards laser sensors for displacement, distance and position.
A High Sensitivity FBG Strain Sensor Based on Flexible Hinge
Authors: Liu Mingyao , Wang Wenzhi , Song Han , Zhou Shiguang , Zhou Weijian
Published: April 2019

For the purpose of improving the sensitivity of the fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based strain sensor. A novel FBG-based strain sensor with high sensibility was designed by means of a flexible hinge bridge displacement magnification structure. This sensor can be used to accurately measure the strain of a mechanical structure surface. In this paper, the strain sensitization amplification factor of the sensor was calculated by using the flexible matrix method and the strain energy theory. The magnification had been verified by using simulation analysis and experimental results, and the error between theoretical calculation and simulation analysis was less than 7%. The result shows that the strain sensitivity of the sensor is 10.84 pm/με, which is about 10 times to that of the bare FBG sensor. This sensor is sensitive to micro-strain, so it can be well applied to health monitoring of a mechanical system.
Privacy and Security for Resource-Constrained IoT Devices and Networks: Research Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Li Shancang , Song Houbing , Iqbal Muddesar
Published: April 2019

With the exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cyber-physical systems (CPS), a wide range of IoT applications have been developed and deployed in recent years. To match the heterogeneous application requirements in IoT and CPS systems, many resource-constrained IoT devices are deployed, in which privacy and security have emerged as difficult challenges because the devices have not been designed to have effective security features.
Powering the Environmental Internet of Things
Authors: Curry Joshua , Harris Nick
Published: April 2019

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a constantly-evolving area of research and touches almost every aspect of life in the modern world. As technology moves forward, it is becoming increasingly important for these IoT devices for environmental sensing to become self-powered to enable long-term operation. This paper provides an outlook on the current state-of-the-art in terms of energy harvesting for these low-power devices. An analytical approach is taken, first defining types of environments in which energy-harvesters operate, before exploring both well-known and novel energy harvesting techniques and their uses in modern-day sensing.
High-Resolution Crack Localization Approach Based on Diffraction Wave
Authors: Mu Weilei , Sun Jiangang , Liu Guijie , Wang Shuqing
Published: April 2019

The delay-and-sum imaging algorithm is a promising crack localization approach for crack detection and monitoring of key structural regions. Most studies successfully offer a hole-like damage position. However, cracks are more common than hole-like damages in a structure. To solve this issue, this paper presents a crack localization approach, based on diffraction wave theory, which is capable of imaging crack endpoints. The guided wave propagated to the crack endpoints and transformed into a diffraction wave. A line sensor array was used to record the diffraction waveform. Then, dispersion compensation was applied to shorten the dispersive wave packets and separate the overlapping wave packets. Subsequently, half-wave compensation was executed to improve the localization accuracy. Finally, the effectiveness of this high-resolution crack localization method was validated by an experimental example.
Housing First and Single-Site Housing
Authors: Chen Patricia M.
Published: April 2019

In 2002, the United States embraced the Housing First approach, which led to the widespread adoption of this approach in cities across the nation. This resulted in programmatic variations of Housing First and calls for clarity about the Housing First model. This study uses a comparative case study approach to explore the differences across Housing First programs in five selected cities: Dallas, Austin, Houston, Los Angeles, and Salt Lake City. It focuses on one aspect of programmatic variation: housing type. Data collection consisted of in-depth interviews with 53 participants, documentation review, and site visits. Findings show differences in the type of housing used and explore the reasons why Housing First programs select such housing configurations. The results highlight how programmatic variation does not necessarily mean the Housing First model lacks clarity. Rather, homeless service providers adapt the model to address local challenges and needs, resulting in the variation seen across programs and cities. The findings elucidate the debate about variation in the Housing First model and the call for fidelity.
Why Do They Ride with Others? Meta-Analysis of Factors Influencing Travelers to Carpool
Authors: Olsson Lars E. , Maier Raphaela , Friman Margareta
Published: April 2019

Carpooling can be viewed as a simple intervention to reduce congestion, environmental problems, and land use for parking spaces. The present study assembled 18 studies on carpooling from all over the world that were published during the last five years (2014–2018) for a meta-analysis. By calculating effect sizes of 20 different factors, the study aimed to understand user characteristics, motives, and barriers to carpooling, and to gain insights about carpool interventions. Our results indicate that carpooling is very weakly related to socio-demographic variables, and that psychological factors are becoming more important, including monetary and time benefits, reducing congestion, and environmental concerns. Policy-makers can increase carpooling by offering cheaper parking or special parking spaces for carpoolers and introducing high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes. Not surprisingly, fuel prices influence mode choice. The overall findings support previous results, but we found judgmental factors becoming more important for the choice to carpool. We conclude that carpooling services still fail to include many potential users and to serve users adequately. The challenge of meeting the needs of all users requires new approaches to designing carpool concepts, systems, and encounters.
Dual Pathways of Value Endorsement in Green Marketing
Authors: Chen Tser-Yieth , Huang Chi-Jui
Published: April 2019

This study proposed a dual-pathway model consisting of a supply-driven pathway and a demand-driven pathway to explain the green value endorsement process. The supply-driven pathway embodies a business’ espoused value of global environmental value through value integration, which leads to the endorsement of green value. The demand-driven pathway is the consumer’s identified value that reflects the consumers’ specific environmental value process to form green value endorsement. The study conducted a research survey on 623 customers who had experience with purchasing environmentally friendly products in Taiwan. The empirical study model used was structural equation modeling. The main path indicated that the consumer’s identified value positively affected the value-bridging frames, which mainly positively affected the endorsement of green values. Our study indicated that the demand-driven pathway played the main role in forming the green value endorsement. Green enterprises tend to merely emphasize their own business’ espoused values. This study is the first to examine a dual pathway in the green value endorsement process and considered both the supply-driven and demand-driven pathways in green value endorsement, which marks new ground in taking into account the value interpretive frames and value-bridging frames of value integration in the extant literature, providing a highly effective and useful profile for green marketing.
The Unbearable Lightness of the Academic Work: The Positive and Negative Sides of Heavy Work Investment in a Sample of Italian University Professors and Researchers
Authors: Converso Daniela , Sottimano Ilaria , Molinengo Giorgia , Loera Barbara
Published: April 2019

Universities perform very demanding tasks within a workplace characterized by a critical psychosocial environment. Against this backdrop, the aim of this study is to extend the current literature on the job sustainability of faculty professors, examine the associations of certain job resources (meaningfulness of work, reward) and job demands (work overload, conflict among colleagues) with workaholism, burnout, engagement. A self-report questionnaire was administered within a public higher education institution in Italy to a sample constituted by 291 professors. The results of path analysis show that meaningfulness of work and reward positively correlate with work engagement, work satisfaction, and psychological wellbeing and ward off emotional exhaustion and intention to leave. Work overload correlates positively with workaholism, work-family conflict and intention to leave and negatively with job satisfaction. Finally, workaholism correlates with work engagement and mediates the relationship between work overload and work-family conflict, emotional exhaustion, and psychological discomfort. The study highlights that to support the work of academic workers and build healthy and sustainable universities, it is necessary to promote job resources and control job demands. Moreover, the study highlights that work engagement and workaholism can be respectively considered as the positive and negative sides of heavy work investment.
Toxic Income as a Trigger of Climate Change
Authors: Falconí Fander , Burbano Rafael , Ramos-Martin Jesus , Cango Pedro
Published: April 2019

The rate of CO2 emissions concentration in the atmosphere increases the likelihood of significant impacts on humankind and ecosystems. The assumption that permissible levels of greenhouse gas emissions cannot exceed the global average temperature increase of 2 °C in relation to pre-industrial levels remains uncertain. Despite this uncertainty, the direct implication is that enormous quantities of fossil fuels have, thus far, wrongly been counted as assets by hydrocarbon firms as they cannot be exploited if we want to keep climate under certain control. These are the so-called “toxic assets”. Due to the relationship among CO2 emissions, GDP, energy consumption, and energy efficiency, the concept of toxic assets can be transferred to toxic income, which is the income level that would generate levels of CO2 emissions incompatible with keeping climate change under control. This research, using a simulation model based on country-based econometric models, estimated a threshold for income per capita above which the temperature limit of 2 °C would be surpassed. Under the business as usual scenario, average per capita income would be $14,208 (in constant 2010 USD) in 2033; and under the intervention scenario, which reflects the commitments of the COP21 meeting held in Paris in December 2015, the toxic revenue would be $13,433 (in constant 2010 USD) in 2036.
Influence of Finite Volume Effect on the Polyakov Quark–Meson Model
Authors: Magdy Niseem
Published: April 2019

In the current work, we study the influence of a finite volume on 2 + 1 S U ( 3 ) Polyakov Quark–Meson model (PQM) order parameters, (fluctuations) correlations of conserved charges and the quark–hadron phase boundary. Our study of the PQM model order parameters and the (fluctuations) correlations of conserved charges indicates a sizable shift of the quark–hadron phase boundary to higher values of baryon chemical potential ( μ B ) and temperature (T) for decreasing the system volume. The detailed study of such effect could have important implications for the extraction of the (fluctuations) correlations of conserved charges of the QCD phase diagram from heavy ion data.
Susceptibility of Exopalaemon carinicauda to the Infection with Shrimp Hemocyte Iridescent Virus (SHIV 20141215), a Strain of Decapod Iridescent Virus 1 (DIV1)
Authors: Chen Xing , Qiu Liang , Wang Hailiang , Zou Peizhuo , Dong Xuan , Li Fuhua , Huang Jie
Published: April 2019

In this study, ridgetail white prawns—Exopalaemon carinicauda—were infected per os (PO) with debris of Penaeus vannamei infected with shrimp hemocyte iridescent virus (SHIV 20141215), a strain of decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1), and via intramuscular injection (IM with raw extracts of SHIV 20141215. The infected E. carinicauda showed obvious clinical symptoms, including weakness, empty gut and stomach, pale hepatopancreas, and partial death with mean cumulative mortalities of 42.5% and 70.8% by nonlinear regression, respectively. Results of TaqMan probe-based real-time quantitative PCR showed that the moribund and surviving individuals with clinical signs of infected E. carinicauda were DIV1-positive. Histological examination showed that there were darkly eosinophilic and cytoplasmic inclusions, of which some were surrounded with or contained tiny basophilic staining, and pyknosis in hemocytes in hepatopancreatic sinus, hematopoietic cells, cuticular epithelium, etc. On the slides of in situ DIG-labeling-loop-mediated DNA amplification (ISDL), positive signals were observed in hematopoietic tissue, stomach, cuticular epithelium, and hepatopancreatic sinus of infected prawns from both PO and IM groups. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of ultrathin sections showed that icosahedral DIV1 particles existed in hepatopancreatic sinus and gills of the infected E. carinicauda from the PO group. The viral particles were also observed in hepatopancreatic sinus, gills, pereiopods, muscles, and uropods of the infected E. carinicauda from the IM group. The assembled virions, which mostly distributed along the edge of the cytoplasmic virogenic stromata near cellular membrane of infected cells, were enveloped and approximately 150 nm in diameter. The results of molecular tests, histopathological examination, ISDL, and TEM confirmed that E. carinicauda is a susceptible host of DIV1. This study also indicated that E. carinicauda showed some degree of tolerance to the infection with DIV1 per os challenge mimicking natural pathway.
Treatment of Post-Hydrothermal Liquefaction Wastewater (PHWW) for Heavy Metals, Nutrients, and Indicator Pathogens
Authors: Jesse Samuel D. , Davidson Paul C.
Published: April 2019

Recycling post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (PHWW) may allow the use of nutrients in the aqueous phase that may otherwise go unused. PHWW is an attractive option for use as fertilizer in systems like crop production. However, there are potential contaminants in the PHWW that may inhibit crop growth or pose a food safety risk. This study investigated the concentrations of heavy metals and nutrients in the PHWW, as well as the presence of indicator pathogens. In addition, four different water treatment methods were used: (1) dilution of raw PHWW, (2) sand filtration after dilution, (3) sand and carbon filtration after dilution, and (4) reverse osmosis after dilution. Our results indicate that the concentrations of cadmium, lead, and arsenic in raw PHWW were well below the maximum recommended concentrations set by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) for Water Reuse. In addition, the treatment methods in this study achieved percent removals ranging from 82–100% for cadmium, 99–100% for mercury, 75–99.5% for lead, and 71–99% for arsenic. Nitrogen in raw PHWW was predominantly in the total N form, preventing it from being accessible to plants. After nitrification was induced, the concentration of NO3 + NO2 increased by 1.75 mg/L in the untreated 5% PHWW mixture, but remained unchanged or decreased for all other treatments and mixtures. There were no E. coli or coliform colonies detected in the raw PHWW, or in any PHWW mixtures. All PHWW mixtures with and without treatment are within US EPA guidelines for metals for irrigation water reuse. However, fertilizer supplementation may be required for PHWW to be suitable for crop production, as the low concentrations of NO3 + NO2 may prove challenging for growing crops.
Characteristics of Tidal Discharge and Phase Difference at a Tidal Channel Junction Investigated Using the Fluvial Acoustic Tomography System
Authors: Danial Mochammad Meddy , Kawanisi Kiyosi , Al Sawaf Mohamad Basel
Published: April 2019

This study investigates the tidal discharge division and phase difference at branches connected to a channel junction. The tidal discharge at three branches (eastern, western, and northern branches) was continuously collected using the fluvial acoustic tomography system (FATS). The discharge asymmetry index was used to quantify the flow division between two seaward branches (eastern and western branches). The cross-wavelet method was applied to calculate the phase difference between the tidal discharge and water level. The discharge asymmetry index shows that the inequality of flow division is obviously prominent during the spring tide duration, where the eastern branch has the capability to deliver greater amounts of subtidal discharge, approximately 55–63%, compared with the western branch. However, the equality of flow division between the eastern and western channels can be observed clearly during the neap tide period. The wavelet analysis shows that the phase difference at the western branch is higher than at the eastern branch, because the geometry of the western branch is more convergent than that of the eastern branch. Accordingly, the amplitude of the tidal wave at the western branch is more magnified compared with that at the eastern branch. Moreover, the phase difference at the northern branch is greater than at the two seaward branches, implying that the phase difference is slightly increased after passing through the junction into the northern branch.
Groundwater Level Prediction for the Arid Oasis of Northwest China Based on the Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm and a Back-propagation Neural Network with Double Hidden Layers
Authors: Li Huanhuan , Lu Yudong , Zheng Ce , Yang Mi , Li Shuangli
Published: April 2019

Groundwater is crucial for economic and agricultural development, particularly in arid areas where surface water resources are extremely scarce. The prediction of groundwater levels is essential for understanding groundwater dynamics and providing scientific guidance for the rational utilization of groundwater resources. A back propagation (BP) neural network based on the artificial bee colony (ABC) optimization algorithm was established in this study to accurately predict groundwater levels in the overexploited arid areas of Northwest China. Recharge, exploitation, rainfall, and evaporation were used as input factors, whereas groundwater level was used as the output factor. Results showed that the fitting accuracy, convergence rate, and stabilization of the ABC-BP model are better than those of the particle swarm optimization (PSO-BP), genetic algorithm (GA-BP), and BP models, thereby proving that the ABC-BP model can be a new method for predicting groundwater levels. The ABC-BP model with double hidden layers and a topology structure of 4-7-3-1, which overcame the overfitting problem, was developed to predict groundwater levels in Yaoba Oasis from 2019 to 2030. The prediction results of different mining regimes showed that the groundwater level in the study area will gradually decrease as exploitation quantity increases and then undergo a decline stage given the existing mining condition of 40 million m3/year. According to the simulation results under different scenarios, the most appropriate amount of groundwater exploitation should be maintained at 31 million m3/year to promote the sustainable development of groundwater resources in Yaoba Oasis.
Suitable Site Selection for Rainwater Harvesting and Storage Case Study Using Dohuk Governorate
Authors: Ibrahim Gaylan Rasul Faqe , Rasul Azad , Ali Hamid Arieann , Ali Zana Fattah , Dewana Amanj Ahmad
Published: April 2019

The Middle East is an inherently dry zone. It has experienced severe drought for the last seven years, and climate change has made the situation worse. The Dohuk governorate has been suffering from an appalling water crisis. One possible way of relieving this water crisis is by properly harvesting the rainwater. Rainwater harvesting is a widely used method of storing rainwater in the countries presenting with drought characteristics. Several pieces of research have derived and developed different criteria and techniques to select suitable sites for harvesting rainwater. The main aim of this research was to identify and select suitable sites for the potential erection of dams, as well as to derive a model builder in ArcMap 10.4.1. The model combined several parameters, such as slope, runoff potential, land cover/use, stream order, soil quality, and hydrology to determine the suitability of the site for harvesting rainwater. To compute the land use/cover categories, the study depended on Landsat image data from 2018. Supervised classification was applied using the ENVI 5 software, while the slope mapping and drainage order were extracted using a digital elevation model. Inverse distance weighting (IDW) was used for the spatial interpolation of the rain data. The results demonstrated that suitable areas for water harvesting, are located in the middle and northern part of the research area, and in intensively cultivated zones. The main soil texture in these suitable sites was loam, while the rainfall rate amounted to 750 to 900 mm. This research shows that 15% and 13% of the area studied can be categorized as having excellent and good suitability for water harvesting, respectively. Furthermore, 21% and 27% of the area studied were of moderate and poor suitability, while the remaining 24% were not suitable at all.
Simulating Reservoir Operation Using a Recurrent Neural Network Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Di , Peng Qidong , Lin Junqiang , Wang Dongsheng , Liu Xuefei , Zhuang Jiangbo
Published: April 2019

The reservoir is an important hydraulic engineering measure for human utilization and management of water resources. Additionally, a reasonable and effective reservoir operating plan is essential for realizing reservoir function. To explore the application of a deep learning algorithm on the field of reservoir operations, a recurrent neural network (RNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and gated recurrent unit (GRU) are employed to predict outflows for the Xiluodu (XLD) reservoir. Meanwhile, this paper summarized the law of the effect of parameter setting on model performance compared to the simulation performance of three models, and analyzed the main factors that affect reservoir operation to provide the reference for future model of application research. Results show (1) the number of iterations and hidden nodes mainly influence the model precision, and the former has more effect than the latter, and the batch size mainly affects the calculated speed; (2) all three models can predict the reservoir outflow accurately and efficiently; (3) the operating decision generated by three models can implement the flood control and power generation goal of the reservoir and meet the operating regulation; and (4) under different hydrological periods, the influence factors of reservoir operation and their importance are different.
Test and Modelling of Commercial V2G CHAdeMO Chargers to Assess the Suitability for Grid Services
Authors: Zecchino Antonio , Thingvad Andreas , Andersen Peter Bach , Marinelli Mattia
Published: April 2019

Aggregation and control of electric vehicles (EVs) via vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies is seen as a valid option for providing ancillary power system services. This work presents results from V2G-ready equipment tests and modelling. The technical capabilities of an EV connected to a commercial V2G charger are investigated when controlled either locally or remotely. The charger is characterized in terms of efficiency characteristics, activation time, response granularity, ramping-up/down time, accuracy and precision. Test results show the performance for different operating conditions, highlighting the importance of a good calibration and knowledge of the employed hardware when providing standard-compliant grid regulation services via V2G technology. Ultimately, a set of simulations demonstrates that the designed EV charger model replicates accurately the operating conditions of the real hardware.
Nonlinear Analysis of Edge Joint on T-shaped Concrete-filled Steel Tubular Column-H-shaped Steel Beam Seismic Performance based on ABAQUS
Authors: Bian Yadong , Tian Yichuan , Zhao Yi , Cheng Long , Hong Cheng , Gao Zhicheng , Li Jiliang
Published: April 2019

To comprehensively analyze the seismic performance and failure modes of edge joint, which is composed of T-shaped concrete-filled steel tubular column and H-shaped steel beam, the joint was imposed through low frequency cycling loading. Model of edge joint was established by the nonlinear finite element software ABAQUS. The effect of different parameters, such as axial compression ratio and side plate extension length, on the seismic performance were simulated. The results indicates that the buckling of the steel beam occurs at the lateral extension of the side plate due to the strengthening of the side plate; the axial compression ratio has no obvious effect on the ultimate load; the increase of the side plate length can effectively improve the ultimate load.
Mechanisms Leading to a Warmer Climate on High-obliquity Planets
Authors: Kang Wanying
Published: April 2019

A consistent finding of high-obliquity simulations is that they are warmer than their low-obliquity counterparts when the climate is cold. Ice-albedo feedback has been suggested as a possible mechanism. In this study, we find that a warmer climate under high obliquity holds with varying insolations, including almost ice-free conditions. We try to understand the mechanisms through a series of feedback suppression experiments. When the ice-albedo feedback is turned off, the temperature contrast between high and low obliquity remains significant, but it vanishes when the cloud radiation effects or the seasonal variation is turned off. This suggests that a warmer climate on high-obliquity planets does not rely completely on the existence of ice, and therefore holds at high insolation. In that regime, the surface temperature, and hence the cloud formation, lags behind the substellar point, leading to inefficient sunlight reflection and a warmer climate.
Path Planning of Underwater Terrain-Aided Navigation Based on Improved Artificial Potential Field Method
Authors: Chen Pengyun , Shen Peng , Zhang Pengfei , Li Ye , Ma Teng , Han Yujie
Published: April 2019

AbstractFor underwater terrain-aided navigation systems to collect enough terrain features, a path-planning method for terrain-aided navigation is proposed. First, a distribution model of terrain features is built based on underwater terrain Fisher information content. Then,
terrain information and path length are taken as optimization targets, and considering the constraints of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) maneuverability, a path applicable to terrain-aided navigation can be provided. Simulation tests show that the terrain feature information in AUVs'
sailing area obtained with the method is adequate; therefore, this method can effectively improve the performance of terrain-aided navigation systems.
Lived experiences of caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder in Kenya
Authors: Cloete Lizahn G. , Obaigwa Evans O.
Published: April 2019

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a global public health concern. In African countries such as Kenya, there is a greater need for establishing support services for developmental disorders such as ASD. The emotional, social and economic burden of ASD on caregivers is unknown because of a number of challenges. Citizens of Kenya have a unique view of disability and inclusion.Objectives: To explore the perspectives of caregivers who are responsible for caring for both family and children living with ASD and to highlight the needs of children with ASD as well as the needs of their caregivers.Method: A qualitative, descriptive phenomenological study utilising focus group discussions (FGDs) was conducted. Verbatim transcription was used. QSR N ’Vivo 10 was used to organise and analyse the data. Content analysis was used to identify important ideas and concepts.Results: One theme, namely ‘the burden of caring for children with ASD’, was identified. Children with ASD and their caregivers experience isolation and stigmatisation.Conclusion: Occupational therapists in Kenya should collaborate with the relevant national and global stakeholders for the promotion of the inclusion of children with ASD and their families. Responsive and context-appropriate occupational therapy interventions may begin to address service barriers.
El Pentecostalismo clásico frente al nuevo: Discriminación interreligiosa en el protestantismo Chileno
Authors: Marín Alarcón Nelson
Published: April 2019

El presente artículo trata acerca de la percepción que poseen los pentecostales de la

Iglesia Evangélica Pentecostal, representante del pentecostalismo tradicional chileno,

frente a la llegada y expansión de nuevas iglesias pentecostales que aquí denominaremos

como “neo-pentecostales”. Por lo general, los pentecostales clásicos identifican a estos

nuevos grupos con iglesias que han sido objeto de investigaciones y documentales por

delitos, reproduciendo estereotipos de discriminación que funden con su cosmovisión

acerca del bien y del mal.
La ciudadanía española y los sefardíes. Razones históricas
Authors: Kuznitzky Adolfo
Published: April 2019

La reciente decisión del gobierno español de otorgar la ciudadanía española a los sefarditas dispersos por el mundo fue un acto de reparación histórica y en este trabajo procuramos rastrear en las razones de esa índole que la han fundamentado. Encontramos dos aspectos que seguramente se ha tenido en cuenta para su adopción. El primero lleva a valorar la presencia judaica en esa nación y para ello nada más indicado que el análisis de la muy conocida polémica que mantuvieron Claudio Sánchez Albornoz y Américo Castro y la historiografía en esa temática. El otro aspecto a considerar es la actitud de los españoles en los siglos XIX y XX hacia esos sefarditas, habida cuenta que para ese entonces, un hispanista opinó que España no solamente era una nación sin judíos sino que se había olvidado de ellos, y la reacción favorable que produjo su redescubrimiento, que se denominó Sefardofilia.
Rozenmacher, Goldenberg y Diament: la problemática del inmigrante en tres dramaturgos judeo-argentinos
Authors: Ansaldo Paula
Published: April 2019

En este trabajo se abordarán las obras Simón Brumelstein, caballero de Indias (1987), de Germán Rozenmacher; Krinsky (1986), de Jorge Goldenberg, y El libro de Ruth (2010), de Mario Diament. Se trata de tres obras de dramaturgos judeo-argentinos que tematizan la problemática de identidad de los inmigrantes judíos que se encuentran en perpetuo conflicto entre el recuerdo de su país de origen y la nueva tierra a la que llegan en busca de un futuro mejor, que en la mayoría de los casos, no es el esperado. Esta identidad bifronte de los personajes es representada a partir de una construcción dual del espacio, en el cual la realidad y el recuerdo coexisten y dialogan. Este artículo se propone entonces, indagar en las diferentes formas en que las obras consiguen dar cuerpo a dicho conflicto, por medio de un análisis comparativo de los recursos propios utilizados por cada dramaturgo, estableciendo similitudes y diferencias entre las obras elegidas.
Ringelblum y el archivo Óneg Shabat: una perspectiva historiográfica precursora
Authors: Sánchez Victoria Luján
Published: April 2019

El presente trabajo explora la labor realizada por el historiador Emanuel Ringelblum durante la segunda guerra mundial, en la construcción del archivo secreto del gueto de Varsovia –conocido como Óneg Shabat-, considerándola precursora del posterior giro historiográfico que tuvo lugar en la segunda parte del siglo XX.Como podrá observarse, la trayectoria de vida del historiador –su formación académica y su activa participación en el movimiento Poale Sion- fue determinante en la forma de concebir el proyecto Óneg Shabat. Inspirado por la concepción historiográfica de la escuela del YIVO, claramente contraria a la historiografía judía del siglo XIX, Ringelblum entendía el estudio histórico como construcción colectiva y democrática, prestando más atención a la historia social y al testimonio del hombre anónimo y corriente. Esta aproximación al estudio de la historia necesitaba también de nuevas fuentes. Es por ello que además de alentar la conservación de todo material y documento que reflejara la vida en las comunidades judías, Ringelblum incorporaba la oralidad como parte de la historia escrita. A través de entrevistas que llevaban a cabo los colaboradores de Óneg Shabat, y que luego eran transcriptas, se otorgaba voz histórica a quienes hasta ese entonces no la tenían, volviendo en discurso una memoria construida sobre una experiencia. Con el proyecto Óneg Shabat, Ringelblum se adelantaba a las tendencias historiográficas actuales, haciendo “historia desde abajo”, “historia de la vida cotidiana” y al mismo tiempo “historia oral”.
Comunidad de Comunidades: los judíos en México
Authors: Dayan Renne , Roitman Deborah
Published: April 2019

Inmigrantes judíos llegados a México durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, formaron comunidades de acuerdo a sus lugares de origen, un estilo de vida que persiste hasta del día de hoy. Formaron una comunidad altamente organizada y cohesionada, bajo un alto rango de bienestar, que incluye servicios religiosos, educativos, culturales y más. Así mismo, en sus más de 100 años de vida han lograron una alta concurrencia de sus niños a la red escolar judía y un bajo índice de matrimonios exogámicos, evitando la asimilación. Actualmente sus integrantes, se consideran sumamente integrados a la sociedad mexicana, la cual son parte. Este artículo es de orden descriptivo, donde se intenta exponer a la comunidad judía de México, abarcando diversas áreas que la constituyen.