bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary investigation into mud-puddling behavior in Appias spp. (Albatross Butterflies) at Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary, India
Authors: Athamanakath Jabir , Moorchilot Vishnu S. , Raveendran Lekshmi , V.P. Sylas , Jayakumar S.
Published: June 2024

Butterflies represent one of the most popular and readily identifiable insect taxa. The annual migration of Appias spp. (Albatross butterflies) is common in the Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary (AWS), India. During migration, the butterflies moving along the stream course often settle down in masses across a mud-puddling site. This study sheds light on the multifaceted interplay between soil parameters and the mud-puddling aggregation behavior observed in Albatross butterflies within the AWS. The results revealed no significant differences in most soil nutrients between the mud-puddling sites (MS) and control sites (CS). However, the moisture content and available sodium content were significantly greater in the MS treatment (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.002, respectively). Hence, more moisture (avg_35.95% in MS than avg_0.99% in CS) and more sodium (avg_34 mg/kg in MS than avg_15.11 mg/kg in CS) were found to play significant roles in the behavior of certain species, such as A. albina, A. wardii, and A. lyncida. The majority of the tested soil parameters exhibited weak correlations with the density of butterflies (the r values of pH, moisture, N, C, S, Cu, Cd, Zn and Mn were -0.48, -0.59, -0.35, -0.30, -0.36, +0.16, -0.18, -0.18 and -0.005, respectively). Notably, sodium and potassium were the sole minerals exhibiting a strong positive correlation with the density of mud-puddling Appias spp. (r = +0.78 and r = +0.77, respectively), emphasizing the significance of sodium and potassium in shaping the density of Albatrosses engaged in mud-puddling behavior. Many butterflies employ visual cues to locate these resources. Hence, this study also explored the preference of Appias spp. for conspecific paper decoys for directing butterflies to puddle sites. The presence of conspecific decoys noticeably drew butterflies, underscoring the significance of visual cues in butterfly behavior. Additional studies in this domain could enhance our understanding of butterfly ecology and the mechanisms governing their decision-making processes.
Effect of plant growth regulators on the early growth of tissue cultured banana plants (cv. Grand Naine)
Authors: Deb Prahlad , Sinha Dhananjay
Published: June 2024

The present study investigated the effects of several growth regulators on the early growth of banana plants (cv. Grand Naine) at Horticultural Farm, Department of Horticulture and Post-Harvest Technology, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharti, Srinikatan, West Bengal, during 2021-2022. Six different combinations of two growth regulators, viz. GA3 (100, 150 and 200 ppm) and NAA (50 and 100 ppm) were used in combination with a control treatment (no growth regulators) in three replications under a randomized block design. According to the final observation taken at 75 DAP, the maximum plant height (56.33 cm), number of leaves/plant (8.47), and pseudostem diameter (25.72 cm) were observed under T5 (GA3 @ 150 ppm + NAA @ 100 ppm). The greatest sizes with respect to total leaf length (36.71 cm), leaf lamina length (28.06 cm) and breadth were also observed under the same treatment. Thus, the performance of banana plants at an early stage was markedly influenced by the application of different growth regulators, and the combination of GA3 @ 150 ppm and NAA @ 100 ppm was the most effective combination of plant growth regulators for improved growth and development of tissue-cultured banana plants.
Heterosis studies and molecular characterization of three-line rice hybrids
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Kant Ravi , Vennela M. , Varma D. Dinesh
Published: June 2024

The present investigation was undertaken at the Hybrid Rice plot of TCA, Dholi, and Muzaffarpur, and molecular analysis was conducted in the Molecular Laboratory of Postgraduate Dept. of Genetics & Plant Breeding, RPCAU, and Bihar to generate heterosis studies for 18 traits and molecular characterization using SSR markers. The experimental material comprised 31 three-line rice hybrids and 3 commercial checks evaluated in the RBD design. Among the tested varieties, Rajendra Sweta performed best in terms of grain yield per plant. Two rice hybrid genotypes, namely, IR68897A × KMR-3R and Rajendra-3A × RRR–4, exhibited superior standard heterosis over all three tests for trait grain yield per plant. By utilizing 12 primer pairs, a total of 33 shared alleles and 13 unique alleles were produced as amplified products. Among the 12 primers, seven primers were found to be comparatively informative for all nineteen hybrids and eleven parents. Only five primers, namely, MRG2894, RM515, RM520, RM538, and RM555, were able to confirm the hybridity (F1) with the respective parental lines.
Response of maize to the combined application of innovative organic and inorganic sources of nutrients in an acid Alfisol of lower Himalayas
Authors: Katoch Rushali , Sharma Vijay Kumar , Sankhyan Narender
Published: June 2024

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a high-yielding crop with remarkable productivity potential. However, realizing this potential heavily relies on efficient nutrient management. To optimize maize growth and yield, it is crucial to employ appropriate combinations of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients. Thus, the combined application of nutrients in an integrated manner consistently ensures higher and more stable crop yields. In the Kharif season of 2019, a field experiment was conducted at the Soil Science Experimental Farm of CSK HPKV, Palampur, focusing on the impact of combining organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on maize hybrid. The experiment was performed in accordance with a randomized block design, with ten different treatments replicated three times. The findings revealed that the maize crop responded significantly to various nutrient sources. Among the treatments tested, the combined application of Sagarika (both soil and foliar) along with water soluble fertilizers (18:18:18) and 75% NPK resulted in the highest grain (5.7 t/ha) and stover yields (8.8 t/ha) of maize. Additionally, this treatment exhibited superior results in terms of cob length (17.90 cm), cob diameter (4.31 cm), number of grains per cob (470), and test weight (32.77 g), surpassing all other treatments. In contrast, the lowest values (16.07 cm, 4.24 cm, 378 and 27.96 g for cob length, cob diameter, number of grains per cob, and test weight, respectively) were observed with the application of 75% NPK alone. Furthermore, optimizing nutrient doses through synergistic integration of organic and inorganic sources also improved the leaf nutrient status as well as the total nutrient uptake of a crop.
Chaco Culture National Historical Park: Paleontological site monitoring protocol
Authors: Varela Phillip
Published: June 2024

Hundreds of paleontological sites have been located and documented in Chaco Culture National Historical Park (CHCU) since 2005, the beginning of dedicated park-based paleontological surveying at the park. A paleontological resource inventory was published for CHCU in 2019, providing a baseline for paleontological resource monitoring. A paleontological site monitoring protocol has now been prepared in order to most effectively manage and monitor the abundant Upper Cretaceous paleontological resources found here.
The first part of the protocol contains supporting background information; a discussion of measurable objectives for monitoring, park programs, and management; definitions of different kinds of significant specimens and various management actions; field methods; and what to do if a new site is discovered. This is followed by descriptions of the park?s paleontological localities. CHCU is divided into twelve Paleontological Management Areas (PMAs). Apart from two PMAs representing park outliers where no fossils have been reported, each PMA includes several paleontological localities, which in turn contain one or more sites. Several aspects of each locality are reported, including management priority level, stratigraphy, a brief description, ease and method of access, constituent sites, and management recommendations such as recommended actions and frequency of monitoring. This is followed by a summary of localities rated as high, medium, and low priority. Images of forms for paleontology site monitoring, paleontological sites, paleontological localities, and paleontology impact reports are provided as appendices; editable versions may be obtained from the park.
Por outra Educação Financeira: uma discussão sobre Raça, Educação Matemática e Currículo
Authors: Purificação Tamires Torres da , Costa Neto Cleber Dias da
Published: June 2024

A partir de uma discussão sobre o conceito de Raça e Currículo no contexto da Educação Matemática, o presente artigo tem como objetivo propor uma educação financeira constituída sobre outros pilares. Para isso, tendo como ponto de partida a estrutura racial brasileira e considerando os atravessamentos neoliberais da educação financeira ensinada na escola, visibilizamos movimentos de auto-organização financeira negra realizados ao longo da história brasileira. Esses movimentos são ações políticas, conscientes ou não, de organização pessoal ou coletiva realizadas por pessoas negras que foram escravizadas ou que nasceram livres, tendo seus ascendentes escravizados. Entendemos que tal olhar é fundamental para a desconstrução das desigualdades sociais e cumprimento da Lei 10639/03, que trata da obrigatoriedade do ensino da história e da cultura afro-brasileira. Portanto, as experiências que apresentamos aqui, narradas pelas vozes negras e também pela historiografia, não se constituem apenas como inspiradoras, mas como alicerce para uma educação financeira antirracista que se interessa pelos fazeres cotidianos, pelas necessidades reais da população brasileira e pelos projetos de vida de pessoas negras e periféricas.
Educação Matemática e Literacia: discussões sobre uma Literacia Financeira
Authors: Rodrigues Dias Carolina , Olgin Clarissa de Assis
Published: June 2024

Este artigo é um recorte da tese de doutorado referente a Educação Financeira voltada aos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental. Tem como objetivo oferecer uma análise teórica com reflexões sobre o conceito de literacia, a partir dos estudos sobre: a literacia financeira e a etnomatemática, considerando as diferentes práticas sociais e culturais, fundamentada em três pontos: literacia, materacia e tecnoracia; a importância da numeracia na sociedade contemporânea, destacando a necessidade de desenvolver habilidades quantitativas para lidar com dados e informações do mundo real; a Educação Matemática Crítica como uma forma de promover a participação ativa dos estudantes no processo educacional, estimulando o pensamento crítico sobre questões econômicas, destacando aspectos relacionados a matemacia e a alfabetização matemática, que envolvem o domínio de conceitos matemáticos, a aplicação da Matemática em contextos sociais e políticos, e a reflexão crítica sobre seu uso. Como resultado, explora-se como esses estudos podem contribuir para a implementação da Educação Financeira nas escolas. Propõe-se uma abordagem baseada na literacia financeira e em pilares para seu desenvolvimento na Educação Matemática, enfatizando abordagens práticas e contextualizadas. Isso inclui a resolução de problemas com base em situações semirreais ou reais que promovam o uso de práticas provenientes de diferentes culturas, abordando uma variedade de assuntos financeiros essenciais para a formação de cidadãos capazes de tomar decisões informadas sobre esse tema.
Evaluation of HOMA IR in perimenopause patients with abnormal uterine bleeding
Authors:   Aneta Sima*, Slagana Simeonova Krstevska, Drage Dabeski, Vesna Livrinova, Sima Aneta
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Perimenopause as a clinical entity is characterized by a series of symptoms that occur due to estrogen deficiency in multiple organs and systems. Obesity is a risk factor that favors all these changes, especially hyperplasia. Glucose homeostasis is often impaired in these patients, insulin levels are increased, and HOMA IR is increased. Goals: to detect hyperplasia in obese perimenopausal patients with abnormal uterine bleeding to determine insulin levels, HOMA IR, to determine the association between hyperplasia and HOMA IR. Material and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study, performed at the OB/GYN Clinic, over 1 year. 100 patients with abnormal uterine bleeding during the perimenopause were involved, aged 45–50, divided into two groups based on BMI. 1-patients with a BMI above 30, 2-patients with a BMI under 30, and the control group consisted of 40 asymptomatic patients. Results: The average value of glycemia in the first group was higher and was 5.7 mmol/l, the cut-off value was 5,5. The average value of the HOMA-IR insulin resistance index in the first group was highest - 2.8 (the cut-off value was 1.8). Endometrial hyperplasia was registered in the first group at 40.9%. Discussion: The first group registered a significant association between HOMA IR and hyperplasia, the risk of endometrial hyperplasia occurring was eight times higher. The first group registered a significant association between glycemia and endometrial hyperplasia. High levels of glycemia increase the risk of endometrial hyperplasia occurring three times. Conclusion: In menopausal transition patients with abnormal uterine bleeding there is an increased incidence of endometrial hyperplasia, hyperglycemia, and increased HOMA IR. There is a strong association between these changes and the risk of cardiovascular disease increases. Menopause is a period in a woman’s life that requires a multidisciplinary approach to diagnostics and treatment. Keywords: HOMA IR, perimenopause, abnormal bleeding, hyperplasia.
Bayesian Estimation of the Shape Parameter of Exponentiated lomax Distribution
Authors:   Arun Kumar Rao, Pandey Himanshu
Published: June 2024

In this paper, the exponentiated Lomax distribution is considered for Bayesian analysis. The Bayes estimators of the shape parameter have been obtained under squared error, precautionary, entropy, K-loss, and Al-Bayyati’s loss functions by using quasi and gamma priors.
Editorial Introduction
Authors: Horváth László , Fűzi Beatrix
Published: June 2024

In an unconventional move, we used artificial intelligence to generate the editorial introduction for this section, putting into practice the topic of one of our articles.
Cocreando escenarios disruptivos para la integración resiliente del transporte y usos de suelo en municipios insulares con alta dependencia del turismo
Authors: Rojas-Rivero Alberto , Durán-Díaz Pamela , López-Lambas María Eugenia , Soria-Lara Julio A.
Published: June 2024

En un contexto de alta incertidumbre como el actual, la planificación necesita nuevas herramientas para alcanzar una mayor resiliencia. Los enfoques de planificación adaptativa basados en escenarios tienen potencial para enmarcar discusiones sobre estrategias de recuperación, adaptación y transformación de los sistemas urbanos y de transporte. Esta investigación se centra en la cocreación de escenarios disruptivos en el contexto espacial de un municipio insular muy dependiente del turismo (San Bartolomé de Tirajana, Gran Canaria), a través de entrevistas y un taller de discusión. Los dos escenarios resultantes, crecientemente disruptivos, han permitido reflexionar sobre el potencial de estas herramientas para apoyar el diseño de estrategias resilientes de integración de transporte y usos del suelo que amplíe el abanico alternativas para el núcleo urbano y sus espacios públicos.
Análisis de las políticas urbanas ejercidas frente a la ocupación del espacio público por las operaciones de distribución urbana de mercancías
Authors: Pascual-Torres Raquel
Published: June 2024

El incremento exponencial del comercio electrónico ha disparado la demanda de servicios de Distribución Urbana de Mercancías (DUM), envolviendo las ciudades en una nueva realidad que ocupa sus calles. Este trabajo pretende determinar si las políticas urbanas ejercidas hasta el momento han preservado la naturaleza común del espacio público, evitando que la DUM genere externalidades negativas al resto de usuarios y/o apropiación del espacio colectivo. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se analiza la gobernanza que ha impregnado la labor política en los municipios de Madrid, Barcelona y Valencia. El resultado del análisis arroja que las políticas urbanas para la logística creciente del consumo en la ciudad no están contemplando la naturaleza común del espacio público como un valor a preservar, propiciando la justicia social en su uso, sino que mantienen un esquema funcionalista, entendiendo que el espacio público alberga estratos monofuncionales que se reservan y compartimentan para ponerlos prioritariamente al servicio de la actividad económica.
La integración de la perspectiva de género en las políticas de movilidad sostenible: un análisis multinivel desde las políticas de la Unión Europea, España, Andalucía hasta el ámbito local
Authors: Llopis-Orriego María del , Dorado-Rubín María José , Murciano-Rosado Juan , Santiesteban-Álvarez Alberto Manuel
Published: June 2024

Diferentes organismos internacionales destacan la importancia de diseñar políticas y sistemas de transporte sostenibles, reconociendo que mujeres y hombres tienen necesidades y hábitos de movilidad diferentes debido a factores sociales, económicos y culturales. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las políticas de movilidad sostenible, para ver en qué medida estas políticas incorporan la perspectiva de género, si lo hacen de forma articulada, y observar si las fuentes de información disponibles posibilitan la elaboración de diagnósticos con esta perspectiva. Mediante el análisis de contenido de diversos documentos normativos, en distintos niveles administrativos, se ha podido comprobar que las políticas parecen encontrarse aún en un punto de partida, requiriéndose referentes efectivos en la planificación local para la integración de la perspectiva de género.
Influencia del entorno construido en la percepción de inseguridad y en la preferencia por caminar desde una perspectiva de género
Authors: Lizárraga Carmen , Castillo-Pérez Isabel , Martín-Blanco Cathaysa , Grindlay Alejandro L.
Published: June 2024

Este estudio se enfoca en las diferencias de género en inseguridad percibida caminando en un entorno urbanos aparentemente seguro y caminable, como es la ciudad de Granada. Se examinan los elementos del entorno construido y los factores sociales que disuaden de caminar. Los datos provienen de cuestionarios a estudiantado universitario en 2020 y 2022. Se utilizó metodología cuantitativa con Análisis No Lineal de Componentes Principales (ANLCP), Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) y Test U de Mann Whitney. Los resultados muestran la relevancia de los factores ambientales y sociales en la percepción de la inseguridad para ambos géneros, aunque las mujeres perciben un mayor nivel de inseguridad y adoptan tácticas de evitación y confrontación, incluso dejando de caminar en situaciones de riesgo percibido. La inseguridad percibida, aun en ciudades con bajas tasas de criminalidad, es un factor que debe considerarse en las políticas urbanas.
La bicicleta y su interacción con otros modos de transporte en la normativa urbana chilena
Authors: Mora Rodrigo , Becker Isaura , Ibarra Cristóbal , Herrmann-Lunecke Marie Geraldine
Published: June 2024

Este artículo analiza la forma en que diferentes instrumentos de planificación urbana regulan la interacción de ciclistas con otros modos de transporte en Chile. Se realiza un análisis cualitativo de diecisiete documentos normativos e indicativos, buscando entender el lugar asignado a la bicicleta, los comportamientos esperados para quienes la usan, y las formas en que son tratados los conflictos que emergen entre ciclistas y otros modos de transporte. Los resultados revelan una falta de alineación considerable entre los documentos, careciendo de objetivos y visiones comunes y una gobernanza fragmentada de las calles. Además, se constata un giro conceptual sobre el “conflicto” entre los manuales surgidos antes y después de la Política Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano de 2014, que comienza a cuestionar la visión auto céntrica del espacio vial que ha dominado la planificación urbana chilena.
Unveiling Capillary-Tissue Fluid Exchange: Understanding Red Blood Cell Deformation in Constricted Vessels and its Clinical Significance
Authors: Jaiswal Kshiteendra Mohan , Sadique Mo. , Akbar Shabab , Shah Prof. Sapna Ratan
Published: June 2024

Capillary-tissue fluid exchange plays a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, and understanding the behavior of red blood cells (RBCs) in narrow vessels is fundamental to elucidating this process. This paper explored the phenomenon of RBC deformation in constricted vessels and its clinical implications. This study delves into the intricate dynamics of blood flow within narrow capillaries, particularly focusing on situations where the diameter of these vessels is smaller than that of red blood cells (RBCs). In such confined spaces, the proximity between RBCs and the vessel walls is minimal, allowing plasma to permeate through. This research explored how various factors, including the shape of deformed RBCs, their velocity, and tissue permeability, influence blood flow patterns. It reveals that in scenarios where tissues exhibit lower permeability, blood flow tends to be more uniform, while faster-moving RBCs encounter less resistance. By comparing its findings with existing models, this study underscores its significance in advancing our understanding of blood flow dynamics in small vessels. Such insights hold promise for the development of novel diagnostic tools targeting a range of diseases. Additionally, this paper discussed the clinical relevance of RBC deformability in various pathological conditions, including microvascular diseases, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and inflammation. Understanding the complex interplay between RBC deformability, microvascular function, and disease pathology has significant implications for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting capillary-tissue fluid exchange.
Lektüre in Zeiten von Pest und Corona: das Beispiel des Decameron
Authors: Doering Pia , Wagner-Egelhaaf Martina
Published: June 2024

Abstract Giovanni Boccaccios Decameron gehört zu den Klassikern der Seuchenliteratur und wurde in der zurückliegenden Corona-Pandemie wieder zur gefragten Lektüre. Die Pestepidemie, die den Ausgangspunkt und Erzählanlass des Decameron bildet,
bietet Boccaccio die Möglichkeit, auf den unterschiedlichen Ebenen seiner Novellensammlung ein Plädoyer für die Literatur zu entfalten. Dabei akzentuiert er zum einen die Vorzüge der Literatur gegenüber den gelehrten Diskursen der Theologie und Philosophie. Zum anderen
hebt er den Trost hervor, den Lektüre spenden kann, wenn dem Menschen andere Formen geselliger Unterhaltung etwa aufgrund einer Seuche verwehrt sind. Dass weltliche Literatur zu Erbauung und moralischer Unterweisung geeignet ist, setzt eine verantwortungsvolle Rezeption voraus, für
die die Erzählergemeinschaft des Decameron als Modell fungiert. Als Corona die Möglichkeiten des sozialen Miteinanders einschränkte, griffen die Menschen wieder zum Decameron, das zudem zum Anlass neuer Leseprojekte wurde.
Quarantines: Framing Romantic Narratives of Extinction and Epidemic Experience
Authors: Klaeger Florian
Published: June 2024

Abstract The essay situates Romantic representations of epidemics in the context of ‘last man narratives’ in vogue around 1800. It focuses on their shared use of ‘framings’ of the sort familiar from the works of Caspar David Friedrich, the Rückenfigur.
Through this device, the unthinkable is captured and ‘reined in’, as the focus is directed away from the subject itself and towards its human observer. Such framings are employed, in very different fashion, in the two texts discussed centrally: Mary Shelley’s 1826 novel The
Last Man and Heinrich Heine’s 1831 letters in Französische Zustände. The framings in these narratives of epidemics are compared to those in narratives of human extinction, including the 1777 cantata by Johann Jakob Walder and Leonhard Meister, Der lezte Mensch;
Jean Paul’s “Rede des toten Christus vom Weltgebäude herab, dass kein Gott sei”; and Jean-Baptiste Cousin de Grainville’s novel Le Dernier Homme (1805).
Analysis of the Role of Sebum Levels in the Incidence of Acne Vulgaris in Adolescents: An Observational Study on Adolescents in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Arni Ismi Fadhila  , Tansil Tan Sukmawati
Published: June 2024

Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition common in adolescents, with excess sebum production considered a major risk factor. This study aims to analyze the relationship between sebum levels and the incidence of AV in adolescents in Jakarta, Indonesia. Cross-sectional observational research was conducted on 300 adolescents aged 12-18 years in Jakarta. Sebum levels were measured using Sebumeter, and AV incidence was assessed based on Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) criteria. Statistical analysis was carried out using the chi-square test, independent t-test, and logistic regression. There is a significant relationship between high sebum levels and the incidence of AV (p < 0.001). Adolescents with high sebum levels have a 3.9 times higher risk of experiencing AV compared to adolescents with normal sebum levels (OR = 3.9; 95% CI = 2.4-6.3). Other factors such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, body mass index (BMI), face washing habits, use of cosmetics, and family history of AV do not have a significant effect on the incidence of AV. Sebum level is an independent risk factor for the incidence of AV in adolescents in Jakarta. Early detection and effective management of sebum levels can be an important strategy in the prevention and treatment of AV.
Anesthetic Management and Perioperative Care in Neonates with Esophageal Atresia: A Case Report
Authors: Adithya Krisna Tri , Eko Setijanto
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Esophageal atresia is a congenital disorder that requires immediate surgical intervention. Careful anesthetic management and perioperative care are crucial for successful therapy in neonates with this condition.
Case presentation: A 20-day-old male infant with esophageal atresia underwent anastomotic thoracotomy surgery. Premedication, induction, and maintenance of anesthesia were performed with a combination of Sevoflurane, Ketamine, and Fentanyl. Postoperatively, the baby was treated in the NICU with mechanical ventilation and antibiotic therapy.
Conclusion: Comprehensive anesthetic management and perioperative care in neonates with esophageal atresia include prevention of aspiration, adequate ventilation, pain management, and close postoperative monitoring to ensure optimal outcomes.
Impact of Particulate Matter 2.5 in Acne Vulgaris: A Literature Review
Authors: Afren I  , Kurniawati Y  , Diba S  , Aryani IA  , Argentina F
Published: June 2024

Air pollution is the contamination of any chemical, physical or biological agent that alters the characteristics of the atmosphere. The main environmental pollutants consist of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), heavy metals, particulate matter (PM)10 and PM2.5. Particulate matter is a heterogeneous mixture of small particles and liquids consisting of organic chemicals, acids, metals, soil or dust particles. Hair has a diameter of 50-70 µm, while PM10 is 2.5-10 µm and PM2.5 is < 2.5 µm. Air pollution can induce or aggravate skin diseases including acne vulgaris. Particulate matter2.5 triggers skin inflammation and stimulates inflammatory acne lesions through lipid peroxidation and Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling. Interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-8 are elevated in inflammatory lesions of acne compared to normal skin, showing their role in the exacerbation of acne. The main preventive and therapeutic strategies against air pollution-induced skin damage consist of preventing the penetration of air pollutants through the skin and hair follicles, removing pollutants, improving skin barrier function, increasing skin hydration, and reducing inflammation, as well as preventing collagen and elastin degradation.
A Tolsztoj-szövegek sajátos természete fordítói szemmel
Authors: Molnár Angelika
Published: June 2024

In the following essay I discuss the linguistic-cultural aspects and editorial problems of the new translations of Leo Tolstoy’s certain works which determine the interpretation of A Prisoner of the Caucasus, Aer the Ball, e Sevastopol Sketches, Russian Books of Reading, War and Peace, Anna Karenina. £e literary translation course launched for master’s students at the Institute of Slavic Studies of the University of Debrecen, the Center for Russian Language, and Regional Linguistic Studies of Leo Tolstoy Tula State Pedagogical University have been cooperating for several years in the project Language Poetics of Leo Tolstoy’s Works. An  important place among the various areas of the project is occupied by the linguistic commentary of the writer’s classical texts, which aims to make them accessible to today’s young readers. The problems of Tolstoy translations based on the specific nature of his texts and the differences between Russian and Hungarian are demonstrated through the examples analyzed in this project.
„Mondhatta volna szebben, kis lovag”
Authors: Pikli Natália
Published: June 2024

The excerpt from Rostand’s Cyrano refers to when the witty knight re-translates a simple sentence into twenty different versions, warning the young man offending him that without talent and knowledge, a simple remark fails. Translations of Shakespeare abound in Hungary, due to a cultic attitude, often resulting in double canonicity if translated by a national poet like Arany. The study discusses what problems present-day re-translations face, from canonicity to the translator’s bias. It examines contextual, stylistic and dramaturgical issues in László Márton’s 2009 Othello, Negro of Venice, compared to other contemporary re-translations, concluding, with reference to a new Hungarian edition of the Sonnets, that translator’s talent and scholar’s knowledge should be combined for best results.
Morus Tamás Utópiájának magyar fordításai
Authors: Czigányik Zsolt
Published: June 2024

The first Hungarian translation of omas More’s Utopia by Ferenc Kelen was published rather belatedly in 1910, followed by an abridged translation in 1941, by László Geréb. Two years later a new, precise but modern translation was prepared by Tibor Kardos. A shorter selection of More’s original was also published in the fifties in András Bodor’s translation. Until the 1963 edition of Kardos’s translation, Utopia was presented as an important text in social philosophy, with detailed introductions, afterwords, and notes to the text. Recent editions usually place the emphasis on the literary qualities of the text. All the translations are based on the Latin version, usually the 1518 Frobenius (Basel) edition or Michels and Ziegler’s 1895 critical edition. The presence of the paratexts varies in the different translations: More’s letter to Giles is usually translated, yet most of the other parerga are ignored. Recent editions are usually illustrated, with the illustrations often (but not always) based on the 1518 Frobenius edition. The absence of a Hungarian translation in the first four centuries after the first publication of More’s Utopia is counterweighted by not fewer than eleven editions in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
Sensitivity Characteristics of Genotype 2 West Nile Virus Strains to Anti-Viral Drugs
Authors: Gusev E. A. , Romanovskaya A. D. , Galkina A. Yu. , Luchinin D. N. , Molchanova E. V.
Published: June 2024

Background. Annual studies of West Nile virus (WNV) circulating in endemic areas are necessary to characterize its properties and track them over time. Given the lack of specific antiviral therapy for West Nile fever (WNF), it is of interest to study sensitivity to drugs widely used in modern practice.

The aim of the study is to study the sensitivity of West Nile virus strains circulating in the Russian Federation in 2018–2021 to drugs used to treat viral infections.

Material and methods. The sensitivity of WNV strains to ribavirin, riamilovir, and umifenovir was determined using Vero cell culture.

Results and discussion. A study of the sensitivity of WNV strains circulating in the Russian Federation in 2018–2021 to therapeutic drugs used to treat viral infections showed their heterogeneity in this regard. Thus, 5 strains (WNV_Volgograd_601/18, Volgograd_723/18, Volgograd_830/18, Voronezh_794/21, Astrachan_962/21) out of 10 studied were characterized by some differences in resistance to ribavirin and riamilovir. No statistically significant differences were revealed when comparing drug resistance indicators of the group of WNV strains of the «old» genovariant with those of the «new» group.

Conclusion. Further analysis of the genome of the studied WNV strains will allow us to establish genetic characteristics, which may contribute to the establishment of molecular mechanisms of resistance to ribavirin, riamilovir, and umifenovir.
Nanoencapsulated Systems: Promising Biomedical Initiatives in Pharmacology
Authors: Genatullina G. N. , Yasenyavskaya A. L. , Tsibizova A. A. , Samotrueva M. A.
Published: June 2024

The most important direction of modern pharmacology is the study of systems used for controlled and targeted delivery of medications, which is carried out by creating nanoencapsulated forms of different nature and chemical structure. Nanoencapsulation is a promising method for creating innovative dosage forms with prolonged action, which allows expanding the range of medications, as well as changing approaches to various diseases that require long-term therapy. This review provides information highlighting the most promising classes of nanosized drug carriers, describes the processes of their use based on lipids, polymers, and biodegradable mineral substances, as well as provides examples of their use in modern pharmaceutical practice.
Molecular Genetic Mechanisms of Influenza A Virus Replication and Mechanisms of Action of Etiotropic Medications
Authors: Dunaeva M. N.
Published: June 2024

Influenza is an acute respiratory viral infection, known for its epidemics and pandemics, claiming millions of lives everywhere. Influenza A virus (Orthomyxoviridae family), whose genome consists of 8 RNA segments of negative polarity, is widespread due to its patterns of variability, which determine the development of resistance, for example, to antiviral drugs. Reassortment mechanisms and point mutations in the influenza A virus genome can lead to a great variety of different variants of this pathogen. The considered life cycle of the influenza A virus with a detailed description of the molecular genetic features of its structures allows us to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the etiotropic therapy used, affecting different stages of virus replication from the point of view of evidence-based medicine in aspects related to its resistance.
The “new man” project and teaching history and social sciences: on the discussion in the journal “The Marxist historian”. 1926–1928
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Ambartsumyan K. R.
Published: June 2024

The paper deals with research of sources of history teaching transformation in the Soviet education up to 1930s in the context of constant change of the political course that was linked with ideological requirements of new Soviet identity formation. The project of «new man» creation was subject to the idea of the Soviet state establishment and this one was the tool of the formation. Efforts aimed at the formation of social unity among Soviet citizens through the construction of common identity were promoted along with other peculiarities of the “new man” in 10 years after the Bolshevik power were established. Certain historical memory was one of conditions in achievement of the goal. Hence, the role of historical science in society changed, this, in turn, demanded transformation in the training process of history in schools of different levels, workers’ faculties and universities. The article analyzes the discussions that started in connection with the establishment of the Society of Marxist Historians. The problem of the «new man» formation was not directly voiced, yet implied. The ideological discourse supposed the “new man” as the target of Soviet social engineering, at the same time the unified plan to reach it was missing. Accordingly, the discussions about teaching history among Marxist historians started with pointing the goal – the formation of a person with a Marxist worldview, a revolutionary, a Leninist. However, along with implementation of the so-called laboratory plan, the lack of historical knowledge and thinking was revealed even in the amount which was significant for accommodation of Marxist ideas. The essence of the discussion itself left the ideology and the focus shifted to a reasonable discussion of the problems related to teaching history and social science. Thus, by 1928, the discussions featured the need for systematic history at different educational levels.
«You have been given the light of the scriptures...» Girolamo Savonarola’s instructions to the flock in understanding the Bible
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Telmenko E. P.
Published: June 2024

The Florentine prophet and reformer Girolamo Savonarola (1452–1498), at the end of the 15th century preached to his flock the necessity and inevitability of the renewal of the Church, which, according to him, had entered a state of «the indifferent» (tiepidi). The Dominican argued that the unified mystical body of the Church could be transformed if its members, the believers themselves, change. In his sermons, the monk repeatedly revealed to his listeners the signs of a «good Christian»: faith, adoration of God and neighbourly charity, inner and outer simplicity. Since Christ and his early followers were the ideal role models for cultivating these qualities, the natural condition for reforming the Christians of the day was their turn to the study of the Bible. At the same time, the desire of Savonarola’s contemporaries to read the Holy Scriptures on their own is evidenced by the fact that in 1471 its full translations into Italian (volgare) appeared in print and then were repeatedly republished. The preaching of the Christian life «simplicity» led Savonarola to assert that ordinary parishioners («simple in heart») were destined to renew the Church. Moreover, the two ways in comprehending the Bible discovered in the speeches of the Dominican – reading it and attending sermons, raise the question of what was the degree of independence of the flock allowed by Savonarola in the study of sacred texts. To answer this question, we analyzed the monk’s sermons on the Old Testament Book of Ruth, giving in concentrated form instructions on how to study the Bible, including reasoning about the place and role of preachers and the specifics of the believer’s own efforts in mastering its meanings. The advantage of «ordinary» people, according to the monk, lies in their ability to feel the Scripture and make it an imperative of everyday existence. However, since, firstly, not all the believers of the day were capable of this, and secondly, they were limited in understanding the finer meanings of biblical texts, they needed the help of more knowledgeable people – «good shepherds». Thus, Savonarola’s sermons contain both an encouragement to comprehend the Scriptures, and a rather restrained attitude towards the aspirations for its independent development, accompanied by a number of reservations and fears.
On the corpus of speech samples with errors in the use of Russian as a foreign language: methods of data representation and deep markup parameters
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Gusarenko S. V. , Gusarenko M. K. ,   North-Caucasus Federal University
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study, the results of which are presented in the article, is to develop the optimal composition and method of presenting data in the developed corpus of Russian speech samples with errors made by foreign students. The development of such a corpus is conditioned, firstly, by the need for a scientific description of erroneous linguistic expressions, as all significant facts of the use of the language are currently being described, and secondly, by the need to create a unified database of systematized data on errors in the speech of Russian language learners for linguodidactic purposes. The creation of such a corpus requires an in-depth description of errors in speech, therefore, in this article, it is proposed to describe an erroneous linguistic expression as a violation of a certain language norm, a certain semantic, morphological, syntactic or lexical language model underlying the normatively correct expression, indicating the type of speech activity, speech situation, native language, specialty of the student. Within the framework of the task of creating a corpus, an error is understood as a failure at a certain level of speech generation, therefore, the model for describing errors is based on the model for describing language expressions developed by domestic researchers when creating an explanatory-combinatorial dictionary. The model of deep annotation of erroneous expressions proposed in the article includes schematized models of semantic representation, syntactic and lexical compatibility (depending on the nature of the error) of a linguistic expression, which is intended, on the one hand, to accurately localize the error in the use of the language, on the other hand, to serve as educational material in linguodidactics. It is concluded that when a statistically significant number of annotated samples with errors in Russian speech made by foreign students is reached, these corpora may well be used as a source of empirical data for a comprehensive scientific description of the facts of linguistic reality. It was also concluded that for the proposed corpus to be viable, it must be an open system that involves the inclusion of new description parameters in deep annotation.
On the difficulties of literary translation: on the verge between creative rethinking and translation errors
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Likhovid A. A.
Published: June 2024

This article is devoted to the study of the difficulties that arise in the process of literary translation. In translation science, there is a widespread approach in which the translator of a work of art is perceived as its (co)author. Giving him such a role cannot but raise the question of the relationship between the author and the text, and to what extent a literary work is a product of exclusively individual cognitive activity. Based on the ideas of Michel Foucault, this work considers the author (and the translator as the author) as, to a certain extent, the product of the discourse in which he creates the work. In this case, discourse is understood as a set of cultural, political, religious, behavioural and other codes that exist in society at the time of writing the work. Taking into account the socio-cultural aspect of the author’s function, the present study asks to what extent the difference between the discourses of the author and the translatorco-author affects the text of the translation. Cases when the translator is unable to decode the codes of the sending culture lead to translation errors, which entail a distortion of the meaning of the original, illogical causal relationships of the narrative and misinformation of the reader regarding the pragmatic intentions of the author and characters. The material of this study was the text of the novel by Elizabeth Gaskell «North and South» and two of its Russian translations. Several contexts were selected for analysis, which are difficult to translate into Russian due to the presence of extralinguistic factors in them: codes of culture, religious movements, behavioural norms, class relations. In the course of the study, a comparative analysis of the selected elements was carried out with a comprehensive study of the literary, historical and linguistic context. This allowed the authors of the article to trace the causes of translation errors, to establish the relationship between intraand extra-linguistic factors in their commission, and in some cases to offer their own version of the translation. The conclusion of this study was the acceptance of the ambiguity of the phenomenon of translation error in the context of literary translation due to the difference in cultures between the sender of the original and the recipient of the translation. The difficulty of distinguishing between cases when an unreliable transfer of the meaning of the original can be regarded as a translation error, and when it can be considered as a creative rethinking in order to make the text as clear as possible to the reader is emphasized.
Great Britain in the conflict over Iran oil: the First World War period
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Pantyukhina T. V.
Published: June 2024

The article highlights the activities of Great Britain in the competition for control over oil fields and the oil industry in Iran (Persia) and the South Caucasus in 1914-1918, which was not the subject of special research in Russian historiography. On the eve of the war, Great Britain actually controlled the production and refining of oil in Persia through the AngloPersian Oil Company. With the outbreak of the war, British interests in the region were put under threat by Germany and the Ottoman Empire, which sought to challenge the British monopoly on Persian oil. Despite the fact that the territory of Persia remained far from the major battles of World War I, the country was a strategically important war theater for Great Britain. The British troops stationed in Persia controlled the territory of southern Persia, while the north of the country was controlled by Russian troops. After Russia’s withdrawal from the war at the end of 1917, there was a threat of strengthening the positions of Turkish troops and their allies in Persia and their advance to the Caucasus, to the oil fields of Baku. To counter this threat, a special taskforce was formed, called «Dunsterforce». During its 8-month stay in Persia, Dunsterforce strengthened the British position in the country, successfully suppressing anti-British forces with weapons, diplomacy and the pound sterling. Dunsterforce failed to protect Baku from capture by the Turks in September 1918. However, in November 1918, British troops managed to take over Baku. As a result, by the end of the war the western, eastern and southern shores of the Caspian Sea were under the full control of the British military. under the full control of the British military.