bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enfermedades exóticas en la caficultura colombiana: Control por exclusión.
Authors: Gil Vallejo Luis Fernando
Published: July 2022

Se presenta la lista de los organismos descritos en café, que no han sido registrados en Colombia y que debido al daño económico que ocasionan en los países cafeteros de África, se constituyen en los principales riesgos patológicos para la caficultura nacional. Entre estos están: /Colletotrichum kahawae/; /Fusarium xylarioides/; /Hemileia coffeicola/; /Xylella fastidiosa/; /Fusarium stilboides/; /Fusarium solani/; /Ganoderma philippi/; /Armillaria mellea/; /Pseudomonas syringae/; /Phomosis coffeae/ y /Phomosis coffeae/.
Atrofia de las ramas del cafeto Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al.
Authors: Rivillas Osorio Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2022

De esta enfermedad, se presentan los síntomas, organismo causante, epidemiología y manejo.
Control biológico de enfermedades
Authors: Cristancho Ardila Marco Aurelio
Published: July 2022

En este capítulo se presenta la relación de los diferentes microorganismo utilizados en el control biológico de enfermedades, como son: /Trichoderma/, /Pseudomonas/, /Bacillus subtilis/, /Paecilomyces lilacinus/, /Fusarium oxysporum/, /Verticillium lecanii/, /Gliocadium/, control con virus como /Cryphonectria parasitica/. Los estudios para el control biológico del café se han dirigido especialmente a la detección de microorganismos antagonistas de la roya y de enfermedades del suelo.
Tecnología de aplicación de plaguicidas en el cultivo del café
Authors: Rivillas Osorio Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2022

En este capítulo se dan las bases de una calibración para la aplicación de fungicidas en café, específicamente para el manejo de enfermedades foliares, como la roya. Se tratan los siguientes temas: fungicidas y su dosis, determinación del volumen de aplicación, selección del equipo, velocidad de aplicación y dosificación del producto.
Deformations and Cohomologies of Relative Rota-Baxter Operators on Lie Algebroids and Koszul-Vinberg Structures
Authors:   Northeast Normal University, China, Liu Meijun , Liu Jiefeng ,   Northeast Normal University, China, Sheng Yunhe ,   Jilin University, China
Published: July 2022

Given a Lie algebroid with a representation, we construct a graded Lie algebra whose Maurer-Cartan elements characterize relative Rota-Baxter operators on Lie algebroids. We give the cohomology of relative Rota-Baxter operators and study infinitesimal deformations and extendability of order n deformations to order n+1 deformations of relative Rota-Baxter operators in terms of this cohomology theory. We also construct a graded Lie algebra on the space of multi-derivations of a vector bundle whose Maurer-Cartan elements characterize left-symmetric algebroids. We show that there is a homomorphism from the controlling graded Lie algebra of relative Rota-Baxter operators on Lie algebroids to the controlling graded Lie algebra of left-symmetric algebroids. Consequently, there is a natural homomorphism from the cohomology groups of a relative Rota-Baxter operator to the deformation cohomology groups of the associated left-symmetric algebroid. As applications, we give the controlling graded Lie algebra and the cohomology theory of Koszul-Vinberg structures on left-symmetric algebroids.
Beginning a Journey Across the Universe: The Discovery of Extragalactic Neutrino Factories
Authors: Buson Sara , Tramacere Andrea , Pfeiffer Leonard , Oswald Lenz , Menezes Raniere de , Azzollini Alessandra , Ajello Marco
Published: July 2022

Neutrinos are the most elusive particles in the universe, capable of traveling nearly unimpeded across it. Despite the vast amount of data collected, a long-standing and unsolved issue is still the association of high-energy neutrinos with the astrophysical sources that originate them. Among the candidate sources of neutrinos, there are blazars, a class of extragalactic sources powered by supermassive black holes that feed highly relativistic jets, pointed toward Earth. Previous studies appear controversial, with several efforts claiming a tentative link between high-energy neutrino events and individual blazars, and others putting into question such relation. In this work, we show that blazars are unambiguously associated with high-energy astrophysical neutrinos at an unprecedented level of confidence, i.e., a chance probability of 6 × 10−7. Our statistical analysis provides the observational evidence that blazars are astrophysical neutrino factories and hence, extragalactic cosmic-ray accelerators.
Mechanisms underlying albinism as a consequence of ommochrome deficiency in cave isopods
Authors: Jovović Lada , Figon Florent , Bilandžija Helena
Published: July 2022

Albinism, or loss of pigment, is a typical adaptation to living in caves and occurs in numerous cave dwellers. To understand the evolution of this trait, one must identify the type of biological pigment present in the phylogenetically closest surface relatives. The absence of pigmentation has been studied primarily in terms of melanin deficiency, while the exact mechanism of ommochrome loss in any cave dwellers is largely unknown. Ommochromes are tryptophan derivatives and generally belong to a less studied class of biological pigments previously described in protostomes such as isopod crustaceans. Using a simple method for extraction and detection of ommochromes in conjunction with liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), we characterized the nature of pigments in surface isopods. We detected, for the first time and to the best of our knowledge, ommochromes in three groups of surface isopods: the families Sphaeromatidae (Flabellifera) and Trichoniscidae (Oniscidea) and the genus Proasellus (Asellota). To determine which step of the ommochrome production pathway is disrupted in cave isopods, we quantified the precursors of ommochrome synthesis in closely related surface and cave species. Our results suggest that the disruption of ommochrome synthesis is preferentially located at the beginning of this anabolic cascade, as we observed an accumulation of the precursor tryptophan in albino species. To address this problem at the molecular level, we are trying to determine the exact genes and mutations that may be involved in the loss of ommochromes. We performed RNA-seq on two representatives of surface and cave species of the genus Proasellus and analyzed the data for expression changes in candidate genes.
Average telomere length in cave vs surface Astyanax mexicanus
Authors: Lunghi Enrico , Bilandžija Helena
Published: July 2022

Telomeres are specialized and highly repetitive noncoding DNA structures at the end of linear chromosomes that are essential for maintaining genomic integrity. Each time a cell divides, telomeres are not fully replicated and the resulting cells have shorter telomeres than the progenitor cells. This incomplete replication of telomeres (i.e., shortening) is considered one of the major mechanisms of aging. Furthermore, telomeres are not only shortened by cell divisions, but multiple environmental stressors can also reduce their length (known as somatic redundancy). Studies of telomere length that include a comparison between subterranean and surface species can make an important contribution to understanding the role of these DNA structures in aging and in the ability of individuals to cope with environmental stressors. We conducted a preliminary assessment of the potential divergence of average telomere length in the Mexican tetra Astyanax mexicanus. This fish has surface and subterranean populations (i.e., ecomorphs), each characterized by specific adaptations to its environment. The study of telomere length in conspecific ecomorphs can provide valuable information on the effects of telomeres on the lifespan and longevity of individuals, as well as the role of various environmental stressors on telomere lengths. By adopting a single-species model, it is possible to reduce the potential variability due to the highly divergent evolutionary history or genetics of different species.
Large sulfur oxidizing bacteria of the Thiovulaceae (Campylobacterota) thriving in the sulfidic groundwater of Movile Cave, in Romania
Authors: Brad Traian , Bizic Mina , Ionescu Danny , Barbu-Tudoran Lucian , Aerts Joost , Popa Radu , Zoccarato Luca , Ody Jessica , Flot Jean-François , Tighe Scott , Vellone Daniel , Sarbu Serban
Published: July 2022

Life in Movile Cave (Romania) relies entirely on carbon fixation by bacteria oxidizing sulfide, methane and ammonia, using oxygen, nitrate, sulfate, and ferric iron as electron acceptors. There, our attention was drawn by a white veil-like structure at the water surface. Microscopic analysis of the veil revealed a dense population of microorganisms of various shapes and sizes, some of which being much larger than the other spirilla, rods and cocci that could be observed. We studied these larger microorganisms with optical and electron microscopy techniques, sequenced their genome and analyzed the main physiological abilities. Their shape is spherical to ovoid, 12-16 µm in diameter, and their cytoplasm is rich in intracellular sulfur globules. They are present in densities of up to 5.5×103 cells/ml and they are very motile. These cells were identified as Thiovulum sp. (Campylobacterota), forming a separated cluster from marine Thiovulum sp., consisting mostly of cave bacteria. The Thiovulum microhabitat is located at the water surface in the lower, partially submerged, level of Movile Cave. Here, H2S is brought in by diffusion and convection, and some water flow is only present deep below the water surface. Frequent attachment is observed between cells, which is consistent with other reports of Thiovulum sp. being clustered in dense, veil like, aggregates attached to polysaccharide matrices. Nevertheless, the Movile Cave strain occurs in the water and is not attached to any rocky surface. The Movile Cave Thiovulum genome is small at 1.72 Mbp, contains 1804 coding sequences, 3 rRNA operons, and has a GC content of 28%. The genome suggested that the Movile Cave Thiovulum strain can switch between aerobic and anaerobic sulfide oxidation using O2 and NO3- as electron acceptors, respectively. In the latter case, NO3- is likely reduced by Thiovulum to NH3 via dissimilatory nitrate reduction, thereby contributing to the complete nitrogen cycle in this environment. Additionally, coupling the genomic analysis, with new electron microscopy images, we suggest that in absence of motor-like structures along the membrane, the short peritrichous filamentous structures, typical to Thiovulum, are pili, likely of type IV, for which genes were found in all 6 available Thiovulum genomes. These pili may play a role in veil formation, connecting adjacent cells and support the exceptionally fast swimming behavior of these bacteria.
Activity of stygobionts in spring habitats: behavioral, ecological and evolutionary insights
Authors: Zampieri Veronica , Cassarino Filippomaria , Pacinotti Giulia , Barzaghi Benedetta , Falaschi Mattia , Mauri Edgardo , Restaino Marco , Balestra Valentina , Borgatti Danilo , Galbiati Matteo , Lapadula Stefano , Messina Valeria , Gajdošová Magdalena , Pennati Roberta , Ficetola Francesco Gentile , Manenti Raoul
Published: July 2022

Cave-dwelling animals might be regarded as dead-end points when it comes to their evolution and habitat exploitation. However, in the past different observations of the olms’ typical troglomorphic populations have been reported for springs of Venetia Giulia, along with a community rich in stygobionts (Bressi et al. 1999; Stoch 2017). The aim of this work is to point out the non-random active use of surface habitats by this community, providing a comparison with the occurrence observed in caves and performing an assessment of factors favouring ecotone habitats exploitation. Since 2020 we started multiple day and night surveys of olms in both 71 springs and 11 caves. Each spring and cave habitat monitored has been characterised by respect to abiotic and biotic features, including planktonic and benthic prey availability. Additionally, cave and spring populations of Troglocaris sp. were tested to determine whether they showed any behavioral difference regarding their response to light stimuli and predatory cues, as potential adaptations to the different conditions found in the two habitats. We used 34 individuals sampled from three springs and 24 from two caves of the Italian karst.

We detected the olm at least once in 12 springs, with a maximum of 9 individuals occurring together. Detection probability in springs and caves was similar. Spring habitats provided higher density of potential prey available. Olms seem to prefer springs without predator fish and temporary hydroperiod. We recorded in one spring a larva of 3.5 cm which could be the smallest ever recorded in the field. Preliminary results of the behavioral experiments show no susceptibility to light neither for spring nor cave populations of Troglocaris sp., as for chemical cues we expect a difference in reactivity depending on the habitat of origin of the shrimp, consistently with the top predator present.

We suggest that epigean habitats and borders with surface may have an underestimated importance for animals adapted to subterranean environments (Manenti and Piazza 2021), including the olm. Further studies focusing on the ipogean community which actively exploits spring habitats are underway, with the aim of determining the diel occupation of these complex ecotones.
Assessment of biological diversity of underground anthropic habitats in cultural landscapes
Authors: Plăiaşu Rodica , Băncilă Raluca , Giurginca Andrei , Nae Augustin , Nitzu  [ Nițu ] Eugen , Popa Ionut , Baba Stefan , Toma Valerică , Petculescu Alexandru
Published: July 2022

Subterranean habitats of anthropic origin (e.g. tunnels, mines, rupestrian settlements) have similar characteristics of natural voids, such as caves. These anthropic habitats have been shown to provide habitats for wildlife and harbor high species richness. In particular, rupestrian underground shelters have both natural and cultural importance. However, their assessment assumes the cultural value as significant whilst the natural importance is often ignored. Despite the contribution of subterranean anthropic habitats to underground biodiversity, few studies investigated invertebrate fauna of these habitats. We studied invertebrate communities structure and composition and the environmental factors that affect them using transects, following light intensity in the underground shelters, and in the surrounding surface habitats, in the rupestrian settlement Alunis-Bozioru, from Buzau County, Romania. The diversity of the rupestrian settlement was studied both at community-level and species-level (for Collembola, Diplopoda, Araneae, Opiliones and Coleoptera). The results showed an overlap in the taxa composition of invertebrate assemblages between the underground shelters and the surrounding surface habitats. The most abundant species in the underground shelters and surrounding surface habitats were among:

Araneae Achaearanea tepidariorum, Tegenaria sp., Lepthyphantes leprosus, and Pardosa sp.;

Diplopoda Cylindroiulus boleti, and

Opiliones Lacinius dentiger.

Araneae Achaearanea tepidariorum, Tegenaria sp., Lepthyphantes leprosus, and Pardosa sp.;

Diplopoda Cylindroiulus boleti, and

Opiliones Lacinius dentiger.

The underground shelters harbored a diverse invertebrate community dominated by taxa associated with dark habitats. The main factors affecting taxa composition were humidity and vegetation cover in the surface habitats. Overall, our results indicated that rupestrian underground shelters could provide substitute habitats and might play an important role in conservation of subterranean biodiversity in the context of increasing human pressures on subterranean ecosystems.
Arthropod communities and drivers of their species diversity and composition in caves
Authors: Băncilă Raluca Ioana , Nae Augustin , Giurginca Andrei , Nae Ioana , Nitzu Eugen , Ionut Popa , Baba Stefan Cӑtӑlin , Plăiaşu Rodica
Published: July 2022

Understanding the drivers of diversity patterns in ecological communities remains a major challenge in ecology. Moreover, few studies have considered invertebrate or subterranean communities and little is known about which factors are responsible for structuring arthropod communities in caves. In this study we:

assessed the abundance, richness, and composition of arthropod communities from eight caves located in Banat and Mehedinti region, Romania; and

determined whether altitude, cave physical characteristics (temperature, relative humidity, light intensity) and features (cave extension, hight, width, heterogeneity, substrate (wall versus floor)) influence cave arthropod communities along the horizontal development of the cave (i.e. from the cave entrance, through the intermediate zone, to the aphotic zone).

assessed the abundance, richness, and composition of arthropod communities from eight caves located in Banat and Mehedinti region, Romania; and

determined whether altitude, cave physical characteristics (temperature, relative humidity, light intensity) and features (cave extension, hight, width, heterogeneity, substrate (wall versus floor)) influence cave arthropod communities along the horizontal development of the cave (i.e. from the cave entrance, through the intermediate zone, to the aphotic zone).

Overall, 89 species were found, of which three were obligate subterranean dwellers and 17 were endemic species. Species abundance distributions showed evident variation in species numbers among cave zones and between the wall and floor substrate. Species abundance was influenced by cave extension, relative humidity and light intensity. Species richness was related to cave extension while relative humidity and cave heterogeneity affected the species diversity. The results also indicated differences in species abundance, richness and diversity among cave zones and between substrate types. The arthropod community structure and composition was determined by altitude, relative humidity, temperature and substrate. The floor and wall substrate had different species composition while the species composition of the three cave zones largely overlapped. We conclude that several biotic and abiotic factors explain the diversity and composition of cave arthropods communities and that our results may be relevant to other types of island-like habitats.
Jugatala cribelliger (Berlese, 1904) a new oribatid mite species for the Romanian fauna
Authors: Nae Ioana , Nae Augustin , Maraun Mark
Published: July 2022

Jugatala cribelliger (Berlese, 1904) = Mycobates (Calyptozetes) cribelliger Subias, 2004 was found for the first time in the Romanian fauna. The species was identified using Electronic Microscope images. The species has an unknown habitat (Fischer and Schatz 2013) and is distributed in Northern Italy—Prov. Bolzano, Trento; Austria, Switzerland—Grisons; Iberian Peninsula. The specimen was collected form MSS (Mesovoid Shallow Substratum) from Piatra Craiului Mountains, Central Carpathians, Romania, in drillings used for sampling the alpine scree from Marele Grohotis, at an altitude of 1579 m. The combination of following characters of adults is considered as diagnostic features for Jugatala: rostrum rounded; lamella narrow to wide, with cuspides and translamella; lamellar cuspides without lateral and median dens or with minute lateral dens; bothridium cup shaped; sensillus with capitate or clavate head, rounded distally; tutorium narrow, with cusp pointed distally; notogaster with pteromorphs curved ventrally, line of desclerotization absent; lenticulus present or absent; 10 or 11 pairs of notogastral setae, dp present or absent; four to seven pairs of notogastral porose areas; six pairs of genital setae; all legs heterotridactylous; tibia I with dorsodistal apophysis bearing solenidion φ2; seta l” of tibiae and genua I–IV thick, heavily barbed (Bayartogtokh and Schatz 2008).

With a distribution in Central and south-western Europe, Jugatala cribelliger (Berlese, 1904) is first recorded in the Carpathians, from Piatra Craiului Mountains in MSS, a subterranean environment.
Preliminary data on the bacterial diversity of Dobšinská and Demänovská ice caves (Slovakia)
Authors: Haidău Cătălina , Nováková Alena , Cunningham Mark , Allenby Alexander , Kumaresan Deepak , Hillebrand-Voiculescu Alexandra
Published: July 2022

Our work brings preliminary data on the diversity of microorganisms in Dobšinská and Demänovská ice caves (Slovakia). The caves are located at about 80 km from each other. Demänovská Ice Cave is part of the Demänovské caves system, located in the Demänovská Valley in the Low Tatras National Park. Dobšinská Ice Cave (969m asl), is part of the Stratená Cave System, located on the south-western edge of the Slovak Paradise National Park in the Spiš-Gemer karst. Both caves have been opened for the public during the last decades of the 19th century and are presently intensively visited by tourists [in 2014 alone, Demänovská ice cave was visited by 70,769 tourists (Nudziková 2018)].

There are few reports on the biocenosis of these two caves, the available data referring mainly to the invertebrate fauna (Papáč et al. 2019). In what concerns the microorganisms, up to our investigation, in focus have been only the fungi. Thus, in Dobšinská Ice Cave was reported the presence of species such as Botrytis cinerea and Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from bat guano (Nováková 2006) and the abundance of fungi outside and inside the cave was compared while from Demänovská Ice Cave, based on ITS sequences, Ogórek et al. (2018) reports on the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of airborne fungal spores.

Our work complements these two studies adding data on the bacterial diversity from different parts of the two caves and depending on the substrate types (ice blocks and/or sediments).

Using Sanger sequencing of the 16S amplicons from DNA isolated from pure bacterial cultures obtained from ice and/or sediments of Demänovská and Dobšinská Ice Caves, we identified 7 and respectively 12 species of bacteria. Surprisingly, only two species where common to both caves. In both Demänovská Ice Cave and Dobšinská Ice Cave the bacterial communities were dominated by Acinetobacter and Bacillus. Beside the identification of the main bacterial groups present in the underground habitats, Illumina sequencing enabled us to build genus heatmaps for the caves, allowing for comparision between various segments of each cave in relation with the specific climate features. When compared, the different types of samples (water, sediment, ice) showed different abundance of bacteria, ice diversity being greater than sediment/water diversity in both Dobšinska and Demänovská ice caves. The chemical composition of the samples (ice and water) is also discussed.

This work is the first to bring insights on the bacterial diversity of Demänovská and Dobšinská Ice Caves and we appreciate what it opens new directions of research not only on the evolution of the microbial communities in relation to the climate changes occurred in past times, but also on how intense visiting affects the structures of the microorganisms communities.
The microbiome of phosphate-rich deposits in Muierilor Cave, South-Western Carpathians
Authors: Haidau Catalina , Nastase-Bucur Ruxandra , Bulzu Paul , Mirea Ionut , Faur Luchiana , Constantin Silviu , Moldovan Oana
Published: July 2022

Muierilor Cave is one of the most important caves in Romania from paleontological, biological, and archaeological points of view. A newly discovered chamber, with unique yellow calcite crystals, fine-grained crusts, and black sediments, is connected to the upper levels that contains fossil bones and a large pile of guano. Samples were taken from this chamber and another passage to investigate the diversity of microorganisms related to the substrates and identify potential pathogenic taxa for humans and animals. Chemical, mineralogical, and whole community 16S rRNA gene-based metabarcoding analyses were undertaken, and the base of the guano deposit was radiocarbon dated. Metabarcoding of the analyzed samples found that ~16% of the identified bacteria are potentially pathogenic to humans. Moreover, more than 87% of the identified genera were not previously reported in caves. We identified bacteria involved in the phosphate cycle that can only originate from the organic deposits inside the cave, such as the bats' guano in the touristic, upper level, or the fossil bones. Our study indicate also the guano deposit as the possible source of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. The results on the microbiome of different deposit types unravel the diversity of microorganisms and indicate the potentially pathogenic taxa for humans and animals.
The ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from the René Jeannel collection of the Babeș-Bolyai University Zoological Museum, Romania
Authors: Sitar Cristian , Iacob Geanina , Kenesz Marius , Moldovan Oana Teodora
Published: July 2022

This paper reviews the ground beetles from René Jeannel collection which is preserved in Zoological Museum of Babeș-Bolyai University.

The illustrious coleopterologist, René Jeannel was a French entomologist, who worked between 1920-1930 as Deputy Director of the Institute of Speleology founded by Emil Racovitza, the first institute of its kind in the world. He was also a professor of general biology at the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Cluj Napoca. As well, in that period he published numerous articles on the systematics, phylogeny, biogeography and evolution of cave and endogenous beetles. In 1931, R. Jeannel left Romania to start working at the Muséum National d'histoire naturelle, whose director he was between 1945 -1951.

During the 10 years of activity in Romania, he created and organized an important collection of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae). The total number of prepared and labeled specimens is 1672. The material was collected between 1921-1927, mostly in Transylvania, Romania.

The collection includes 182 species from 56 genera and contains rare or endemic species. Among the endemic species we list: Pterostichus bielzii (Fuss, 1858), endemic to the Apuseni mountains, is present in the collection from 13 different locations; Nebria (Nebria) transsylvanica Germar, 1823, an endemic species in the Romanian Carpathians and in the southern part of the Carpathians in Ukraine; Platynus (Batenus) banaticus (I.Frivaldszky von Frivald, 1865) present in the collection from 3 locations.

For the genus Carabus, representative species are Carabus (Megodontus) planicollis Küster, 1846, endemic species in Romania, and the Natura 2000 species Carabus variolosus Fabricius, 1787 and Carabus (Procerus) gigas (Creutzer, 1799).

Among the Trechinae the most representative are the genus Duvalius, with four species: Duvalius cognatus subsp. longicollis Jeannel, 1928, D. laevigatus (Bokor, 1913), D. budae subsp. dioszeghyi Mallasz, 1928 and D. hegeduesii subsp. jonescoi (Jeannel, 1919), and the genus Trechus with 7 species, of which 3 are endemic in Romania: T. bannaticus Dejean, 1831, T. biharicus Meixner, 1912, and T. marginalis Schaum, 1862.

The collection is a very valuable one, both from a historical and scientific point of view, because it offers an overview of the diversity and distribution of carabids in the karst areas of Romania, at the beginning of the 20th century.
Speleomics: omics insights into subterranean ecosystems
Authors: Flot Jean-François
Published: July 2022

The vocable 'omics' encompasses genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. All these subfields deal with what used to be called "big data" that describe complex interactions. What can be the use of such highly sophisticated approaches when dealing with caves and other subterranean environments? Are subterranean ecosystems omics-worth?

Throughout this presentation, I will discuss recent, ongoing and planned studies when I used, use or will be using omics approach to shed light on the biology and biodiversity of cave ecosystems, as well as on the often invisible interspecific interactions they help reveal. Far from replacing traditional taxonomy and naturalist approaches to cave studies, I propose to blend them with omics to gain a more holistic understanding of subterranean ecosystem. I dub this brave new field 'speleomics'.
Revision of two species of Sinopotamon Bott, 1967 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Potamidae) endemic to China: a new combination and a new synonym
Authors: Wang Ruxiao , Pan Da , Chen Hui , Zhu Binqing , Sun Hongying
Published: July 2022

The systematics of two problematic potamid species, Sinopotamon koatenense (Rathbun, 1904) and Sinopotamon wuyiensis Li, Lin, Cheng & Tang, 1985, both originally described from the Wuyi Mountains are resolved in this study. Sinopotamon koatenense is transferred to the genus Huananpotamon Dai & Ng, 1994, as the new combination Huananpotamon koatenensecomb. nov. The new combination differs from its congeners in the form of the carapace, male pleon, male first gonopod, and vulvae. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences support the identification of Huananpotamon koatenensecomb. nov. and a redescription is also provided. In addition, S. wuyiensis is confirmed as a junior synonym of Sinopotamon fukienense Dai & Chen, 1979 based on morphological similarities and phylogenetic lineages.
On the edge of the Shivaliks: An insight into the origin and taxonomic position of Pakistani toads from the Duttaphrynus melanostictus complex (Amphibia, Bufonidae)
Authors: Jablonski Daniel , Masroor Rafaqat , Hofmann Sylvia
Published: July 2022

The common Asian toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1799) complex has a wide distribution ranging from western foothills of the Himalaya to the easternmost range of the Wallacea, with the evidence of human-mediated introductions to some other areas. In the entire distribution range, the complex is formed by several evolutionary clades, distributed mostly in South-East Asia with unresolved taxonomy. In the northwestern edge of its distribution (Pakistan), the name D. melanostictus hazarensis (Khan, 2001) has been assigned to local populations but its biological basis remained, so far, understudied and unvalidated. Therefore, we re-evaluated the available genetic data (mitochondrial and nuclear) to show the relationships between Pakistani populations (including the type locality of D. m. hazarensis) and others from across the range. Our results showed that Pakistani populations are associated with one, deeply diverged, well-supported and widely distributed clade (so-called Duttaphrynus sp. 1 according to 16S, or clade B based on tRNAGly-ND3), that has already been detected in previous studies. This clade is further distributed in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia and is characterized by a low level of genetic variability. This further suggests that both natural, as well as potential human-mediated dispersal, might have played an important role in setting up the current phylogeographic and distribution pattern of this clade. The clade is deeply divergent from other clades of the complex and represents a taxonomically unresolved entity. We here argue that the clade Duttaphrynus sp. 1/B represents a distinct species for which the name Duttaphrynus bengalensis (Daudin, 1802) comb. nov. is applicable, while the description of D. m. hazarensis does not satisfy the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.
Plus qu’un effet de frontière. Politisation ordinaire et luttes d’appartenance dans une commune frontalière suisse
Authors: Clément Garance , Gumy Alexis
Published: July 2022

Le fait de vivre à proximité d’une frontière nationale peut-il avoir des effets sur la politisation des individus ? En cherchant à répondre à cette question, cet article invite à déconstruire certaines approches des Border Studies européennes prêtant à la frontière un rôle majeur dans la construction des comportements politiques. À partir d’une enquête localisée menée auprès de propriétaires du canton de Genève, il montre plutôt comment les effets du contexte frontalier varient selon les trajectoires d’ancrage et les positions occupées dans les luttes d’appartenance locales. Il propose également de voir la frontière comme un support de politisation ordinaire, mobilisé dans les rapports entre différentes fractions de la population locale. Il conclut que la frontière n’est pas un déterminant spatial mais l’une des « médiations localisées » pouvant participer de la construction des attitudes et des pratiques politiques.
Et si le surfeur des plus grosses vagues au monde était une femme ? La subversion de la bi-catégorisation sexuée par les pionnières du surf xxl
Authors: Schmitt Anne , Bohuon Anaïs
Published: July 2022

Lors de l’hiver 2020, alors que la course au record de la plus grosse vague jamais surfée fait rage, Maya Gabeira et Justine Dupont surpassent les hommes. Pourtant, l’accès des femmes aux compétitions de grosses vagues est récent et résulte d’une bataille menée par les pionnières de cette discipline. Cet article retrace d’abord le parcours des pionnières du surf XXL et dévoile les fondements de la construction institutionnelle des catégories de sexe dans le surf. En effet, les difficultés rencontrées par ces surfeuses à leur entrée dans les compétitions classiques illustrent les injonctions à la féminité faites aux corps des surfeuses. Plutôt que d’encourager les surfeuses à exceller sur les vagues, le sponsoring  – la source de rémunération principale de ces sportives – impose à leur corps des normes idéalement conventionnelles de la féminité entrant en contradiction avec un corps performant, musclé, (sur)entraîné et puissant. De ce fait, les différences supposées « naturelles » sont alors érigées comme preuve et justification d’une bi-catégorisation sexuée qui est, en définitive, construite et réifiée. Cet article montre ensuite de quelle manière le surf XXL fonctionne pour ces surfeuses comme une échappatoire où les performances sportives l’emportent sur les performances de genre. Pourtant, alors que l’égalisation des performances féminines et masculines vient bousculer la bi-catégorisation sexuée, l’interprétation genrée des exploits et des échecs et le maintien des catégories de sexe continuent d’entretenir une séparation sportive entre hommes et femmes.
L’engagement des patients dans la formation des étudiants en soins infirmiers : une étude exploratoire
Authors: Questroy Magalie , Margat Aurore , Gross Olivia , Marchand Claire
Published: July 2022

Contexte : la formation initiale des professionnels de santé peut être un levier au développement de la démocratie en santé si l’engagement des patients dans ces formations est suffisant. Objectifs : décrire le niveau d’engagement des patients dans quelques instituts de formation en soins infirmiers et comprendre ce qui motive et ce qui freine cet engagement. Méthode : étude exploratoire basée sur des entretiens auprès de cinq patients formateurs et de huit formateurs en IFSI. L’analyse des niveaux d’engagement des patients s’est basée en partie sur l’échelle de Carman et sur le modèle de Montréal. Résultats : deux tendances ont été dégagées de cette première étude : un engagement patient de type consultation, et un engagement de type partenarial où le patient est impliqué dans la coconstruction pédagogique sur quelques unités d’enseignement et non sur l’ensemble de la formation. Les éléments favorisant l’engagement des patients étaient liés à la motivation des deux protagonistes, l’accompagnement et les modalités de recrutement des patients. À l’inverse, un manque de motivation institutionnelle, un recrutement trop exigeant, l’absence de rémunération et l’inaccessibilité des locaux pouvaient constituer des freins à l’engagement des patients. Conclusion : l’engagement des patients dans la formation initiale en santé doit être réfléchi sur l’ensemble du curriculum et formalisé.
Ressources personnelles utilisées par les infirmiers inscrits dans un cursus en pratique avancée lors de la pandémie de coronavirus en France : une recherche mixte séquentielle
Authors: Druart Marie-Charlotte , Blanchard Pierre-Yves
Published: July 2022

Introduction : début 2020, l’état d’urgence sanitaire est déclaré en France suite à l’émergence d’une pandémie au SARS-CoV-2. Contexte : les infirmiers inscrits dans un parcours de pratique avancée ont mobilisé leurs compétences pendant cette crise en s’appuyant sur les ressources disponibles. Objectifs : analyser les ressources personnelles utilisées par ces infirmiers dans le processus de mobilisation des compétences, lors de la crise sanitaire. Méthode : recherche mixte séquentielle quantitative puis qualitative auprès des infirmiers français inscrits dans un cursus de pratique avancée. Résultats : il émerge deux groupes d’activité pour ces infirmiers : en première ligne en service Covid, et la coordination. Il semble y avoir plus d’opportunités d’utiliser les compétences spécifiques à la pratique avancée en coordination. Discussion : les stratégies d’ajustement au stress (coping et hardiesse) favorisent l’engagement des infirmiers dans leur pratique professionnelle. Les savoirs disciplinaires participent à l’enrichissement des connaissances nécessaires à la mobilisation des compétences. Conclusion : de futures recherches devraient explorer les ressources et la mobilisation des compétences dans l’implantation des infirmiers en pratique avancée.
Asymptotic behavior of least energy solutions to the Finsler Lane-Emden problem with large exponents
Authors: Sadaf Habibi , Takahashi Futoshi
Published: July 2022

In this paper we are concerned with the least energy solutions to the Lane-Emden problem driven by an anisotropic operator, so-called the Finsler \begin{document}$ N $\end{document}-Laplacian, on a bounded domain in \begin{document}$ {\mathbb{R}}^N $\end{document}. We prove several asymptotic formulae as the nonlinear exponent gets large.
Mislearning from censored data: The gambler's fallacy and other correlational mistakes in optimal‐stopping problems
Authors: He Kevin
Published: July 2022

I study endogenous learning dynamics for people who misperceive intertemporal correlations in random sequences. Biased agents face an optimal‐stopping problem. They are uncertain about the underlying distribution and learn its parameters from predecessors. Agents stop when early draws are “good enough,” so predecessors' experiences contain negative streaks but not positive streaks. When agents wrongly expect systematic reversals (the “gambler's fallacy”), they understate the likelihood of consecutive below‐average draws, converge to overpessimistic beliefs about the distribution's mean, and stop too early. Agents uncertain about the distribution's variance overestimate it to an extent that depends on predecessors' stopping thresholds. I also analyze how other misperceptions of intertemporal correlation interact with endogenous data censoring.
Value‐based distance between information structures
Authors: Gensbittel Fabien , Peski Marcin , Renault Jérôme
Published: July 2022

We define the distance between two information structures as the largest possible difference in value across all zero‐sum games. We provide a tractable characterization of distance and use it to discuss the relation between the value of information in games versus single‐agent problems, the value of additional information, informational substitutes, complements, or joint information. The convergence to a countable information structure under value‐based distance is equivalent to the weak convergence of belief hierarchies, implying, among other things, that for zero‐sum games, approximate knowledge is equivalent to common knowledge. At the same time, the space of information structures under the value‐based distance is large: there exists a sequence of information structures where players acquire increasingly more information, and
ε > 0 such that any two elements of the sequence have distance of at least
ε. This result answers by the negative the second (and last unsolved) of the three problems posed by Mertens in his paper “Repeated Games” (1986).
Actualizing Affordances of Audiobooks for Elective Readings in a University Course
Authors: Bätge Jahn Vladena , Lombaerts Koen
Published: July 2022

This study explored actualization of affordances of audiobooks for mobile learning, as well as constraints encountered by students engaging with elective readings in a university course. Participants often tried learning in different situations before settling on a preferred learning practice. Students reported having listened on-the-go as well as in their traditional learning spaces. Some students took advantage of hands-free, eyes-free, and screen-free listening along another task, such as a commute, note-taking, or a sports activity. Participants also leveraged audiobooks for incidental and intentional learning of second language (L2). Co-listening was identified as an affordance stemming from unique properties of audiobooks and students' initiative. Some students combined listening and reading to address challenges related to mLearning in L2. Despite having had little or no prior experience of learning with audiobooks, most participants discovered new ways to learn - using audiobooks to customize their mobile learning practice.
Tests of durable Nzi traps for horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) in the United States of America, the Sudan, and the Philippines
Authors: Mihok Steve , Sakolsky-Hoopes Gabrielle , Morris Bart , Dargantes Alan , Mohamed-Ahmed Mohamed M.
Published: July 2022

Durable materials for Nzi traps were tested in three applied settings based on promising formats that were tested first in Canada. Experiments were conducted at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, United States of America at the site of a major tabanid control programme and at two challenging tropical locations (Sudan and Philippines) where mechanical transmission of trypanosomiasis occurs. At Cape Cod, royal blue–painted plywood Nzi traps caught up to 19 times as many tabanids as greenhead box traps used locally did. Fabric Nzi traps caught up to six times more horseflies,Tabanusspp. (Diptera: Tabanidae), than a box trap did and twice as many horseflies than a popular commercial trap, the Horse Pal®did. A home-dyed phthalogen turquoise cotton trap also performed well. In the Philippines, it caught 2.5 times as manyTabanusas a standard phthalogen blue cotton trap did. Durable phthalogen blue Sunbrella acrylic and Top Notch polyester traps with various types of netting performed well at all locations.
The Capsid Protein of Nervous Necrosis Virus Antagonizes Host Type I IFN Production by a Dual Strategy to Negatively Regulate Retinoic Acid–Inducible Gene-I–like Receptor Pathways
Authors: Jia Peng , Zhang Wanwan , Xiang Yangxi , Lu Xiaobing , Chen Xiaoqi , Pan Hongbo , Yi Meisheng , Jia Kuntong
Published: July 2022

Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), a highly pathogenic RNA virus, is a major pathogen in the global aquaculture industry. To efficiently infect fish, NNV must evade or subvert the host IFN for their replication; however, the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we reported that capsid protein (CP) of red-spotted grouper NNV (RGNNV) suppressed the IFN antiviral response to promote RGNNV replication in Lateolabrax japonicus brain cells, which depended on the ARM, S, and P domains of CP. CP showed an indirect or direct association with the key components of retinoic acid–inducible gene-I–like receptors signaling, L. japonicus TNFR-associated factor 3 (LjTRAF3) and IFN regulatory factor (LjIRF3), respectively, and degraded LjTRAF3 and LjIRF3 through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in HEK293T cells. Furthermore, we found that CP potentiated LjTRAF3 K48 ubiquitination degradation in a L. japonicus ring finger protein 114–dependent manner. LjIRF3 interacted with CP through the S domain of CP and the transcriptional activation domain or regulatory domain of LjIRF3. CP promoted LjIRF3 K48 ubiquitination degradation, leading to the reduced phosphorylation level and nuclear translocation of LjIRF3. Taken together, we demonstrated that CP inhibited type I IFN response by a dual strategy to potentiate the ubiquitination degradation of LjTRAF3 and LjIRF3. This study reveals a novel mechanism of RGNNV evading host immune response via its CP protein that will provide insights into the complex pathogenesis of NNV.
MAVS Expression in Alveolar Macrophages Is Essential for Host Resistance against Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Wang Xi , Cunha Cristina , Grau Madeleine S , Robertson Shelly J , Lacerda João F , Campos António , Lagrou Katrien , Maertens Johan , Best Sonja M , Carvalho Agostinho , Obar Joshua J
Published: July 2022

Our recent data demonstrate a critical role of the RIG-I–like receptor family in regulating antifungal immunity against Aspergillus fumigatus in a murine model. However, the importance of this pathway in humans and the cell types that use this innate immune receptor family to detect A. fumigatus remain unresolved. In this study, using patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, we demonstrate that a polymorphism in human MAVS present in the donor genome was associated with the incidence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Moreover, in a separate cohort of confirmed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis patients, polymorphisms in the IFIH1 gene alter the inflammatory response, including IFN-responsive chemokines. Returning to our murine model, we now demonstrate that CD11c+ Siglec F+ alveolar macrophages require Mavs expression to maintain host resistance against A. fumigatus. Our data support the role of MAVS signaling in mediating antifungal immunity in both mice and humans at least in part through the role of MAVS-dependent signaling in alveolar macrophages.
Naturally Occurring Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies Portray a Largely Private Repertoire in Immune-Mediated Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Heeb Silvan R , Schaller Monica , Kremer Hovinga Johanna A
Published: July 2022

Rare immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a life-threatening disease resulting from a severe autoantibody-mediated ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motifs, member 13) deficiency. Acute iTTP episodes are medical emergencies, but when treated appropriately >95% of patients survive. However, at least half of survivors will eventually experience a relapse. How remission of an initial episode is achieved and factors contributing to reemergence of anti-ADAMTS13 Abs and a relapsing course are poorly understood. In acquired hemophilia and systemic lupus erythematosus, anti-idiotypic Abs counteracting and neutralizing pathogenic autoantibodies contribute to remission. We selected and amplified the splenic anti-idiotypic IgG1 Fab κ/λ repertoire of two relapsing iTTP patients on previously generated monoclonal inhibitory anti-ADAMTS13 Fabs by phage display to explore whether anti-idiotypic Abs have a role in iTTP. We obtained 27 single anti-idiotypic Fab clones, half of which had unique sequences, although both patients shared four H chain V region genes (VH1-69*01, VH3-15*01, VH3-23*01, and VH3-49*03). Anti-idiotypic Fab pools of both patients fully neutralized the inhibitor capacity of the monoclonal anti-ADAMTS13 Abs used for their selection. Preincubation of plasma samples of 22 unrelated iTTP patients stratified according to functional ADAMTS13 inhibitor titers (>2 Bethesda units/ml, or 1–2 Bethesda units/ml), with anti-idiotypic Fab pools neutralized functional ADAMTS13 inhibitors and restored ADAMTS13 activity in 18–45% of those cases. Taken together, we present evidence for the presence of an anti-idiotypic immune response in iTTP patients. The interindividual generalizability of this response is limited despite relatively uniform pathogenic anti-ADAMTS13 Abs recognizing a dominant epitope in the ADAMTS13 spacer domain.