bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fish oil diet may reduce inflammatory levels in the liver of middle-aged rats
Authors: Li Yingqiu , Zhao Fan , Wu Qiayu , Li Mengjie , Zhu Yingying , Song Shangxin , Zhu Jing , Ma Yafang , Li He , Shi Xuebin , Xu Xinglian , Zhou Guanghong , Li Chunbao
Published: July 2017

The impact of dietary soybean oil, lard and fish oil on physiological responses in middle age is little studied. In this study, we investigated the changes of oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, telomere length, and age-related gene expression in the liver of middle-aged rats in response to the above three fat diets. Male Sprague Dawley rats (12 months old) were fed AIN-93M diets for 3 months, in which soybean oil was equivalently replaced by lard or fish oil. As compared to the lard diet, intake of fish oil diet significantly decreased body weight gain, white blood cell count, and levels of hepatic triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, fat accumulation, low-density lipoprotein, oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.05), but increased telomere length (P < 0.05). On the other hand, lard diet and soybean oil diet showed great similarity in the above variables. PCR array analysis further indicated that fish oil diet significantly down-regulated gene expression related to inflammatory response, apoptosis, DNA binding, proteostasis and telomere attrition. Differentially expressed genes were enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades pathways. Such physiological and molecular responses could be due to different fatty acid composition in fish oil, lard and soybean oil.
Quantitative analysis of 3D alignment quality: its impact on soft-validation, particle pruning and homogeneity analysis
Authors: Vargas J. , Melero R. , Gómez-Blanco J. , Carazo J. M. , Sorzano C. O. S.
Published: July 2017

Single Particle Analysis using cryo-electron microscopy is a structural biology technique aimed at capturing the three-dimensional (3D) conformation of biological macromolecules. Projection images used to construct the 3D density map are characterized by a very low signal-to-noise ratio to minimize radiation damage in the samples. As a consequence, the 3D image alignment process is a challenging and error prone task which usually determines the success or failure of obtaining a high quality map. In this work, we present an approach able to quantify the alignment precision and accuracy of the 3D alignment process, which is then being used to help the reconstruction process in a number of ways, such as: (1) Providing quality indicators of the macromolecular map for soft validation, (2) Assessing the degree of homogeneity of the sample and, (3), Selecting subsets of representative images. We present experimental results in which the quality of the finally obtained 3D maps is clearly improved.
Route to sustainable lithium-sulfur batteries with high practical capacity through a fluorine free polysulfide catholyte and self-standing Carbon Nanofiber membranes
Authors: Lim Du-Hyun , Agostini Marco , Nitze Florian , Manuel James , Ahn Jou-Hyeon , Matic Aleksandar
Published: July 2017

We report on a new strategy to improve the capacity, reduce the manufacturing costs and increase the sustainability of Lithium-Sulfur (LiS) batteries. It is based on a semi-liquid cathode composed of a Li2S8 polysulphide catholyte and a binder-free carbon nanofiber membrane with tailored morphology. The polysulphides in the catholyte have the dual role of active material and providing Li+-conduction, i.e. no traditional Li-salt is used in this cell. The cell is able to deliver an areal capacity as high as 7 mAh cm−2, twice than that of commercial Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) and 2–4 times higher than that of state-of-the-art LiS cells. In addition, the battery concept has an improved sustainability from a material point of view by being mainly based on sulfur and carbon and being completely fluorine-free, no fluorinated salt or binders are used, and has potential for upscaling and competitive price. The combination of these properties makes the semi-liquid LiS cell here reported a very promising new concept for practical large-scale energy storage applications.
Dual functional Phi29 DNA polymerase-triggered exponential rolling circle amplification for sequence-specific detection of target DNA embedded in long-stranded genomic DNA
Authors: Li Xiao-Yu , Du Yi-Chen , Zhang Yu-Peng , Kong De-Ming
Published: July 2017

An exonucleolytic digestion-assisted exponential rolling circle amplification (RCA) strategy was developed for sensitive and sequence-specific detection of target DNA embedded in long-stranded genomic DNA. Herein, Phi29 DNA polymerase plays two important roles as exonuclease and polymerase. Long-stranded genomic DNAs can be broken into small DNA fragments after ultrasonication. The fragments that contain target DNA, hybridize with a linear padlock probe to trigger the formation of a circular RCA template. The tails protruding from the 3′-end of the target DNA sequences are then digested by the 3′ → 5′ exonuclease activity of Phi29 DNA polymerase even if they fold into a double-stranded structure. The digested DNA fragments can then initiate subsequent RCA reaction. RCA products, which are designed to fold into G-quadruplex structures, exponentially accumulate when appropriate nicking endonuclease recognition sites are introduced rationally into the RCA template. This method is demonstrated to work well for real genomic DNA detection using human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans as a model. In addition, this work has two other important discoveries: First, the presence of a 3′-tail can protect the RCA primer from degradation by Phi29 DNA polymerase. Second, 3′ → 5′ exonucleolytic activity of Phi29 DNA polymerase can work for both single- and double-stranded DNA.
A distinction between two instruments measuring dispositional mindfulness and the correlations between those measurements and the neuroanatomical structure
Authors: Zhuang Kaixiang , Bi Minghua , Li Yu , Xia Yunman , Guo Xuehua , Chen Qunlin , Du Xue , Wang Kangcheng , Wei Dongtao , Yin Huazhan , Qiu Jiang
Published: July 2017

The most widely used measurements of mindfulness are the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). However, controversies exist regarding the application of these scales. Additionally, the neural mechanisms of dispositional mindfulness havebecome a topic of interest. In the current study, we used surface-based methodology to identify the brain regions underlying individual differences in dispositional mindfulness in a large non-clinical sampleand compared the two instruments for measuring the dispositional mindfulness. The results indicated that theMAAS scores were significantly associated with increased greymatter volumes in the right precuneus and the significant association between the precuneus and depression symptomatology was mediated by MAAS scores. Regarding the FFMQ, the Describing, Nonjudging, and Nonreactivity facets were selectively associated with the cortical volume, thickness and surface area of multiple prefrontal regions as well as the inferior parietal lobule. Importantly, Describing mediated the association between the dorsolateral PFC volume and the cognitive reappraisal strategies of emotion regulation. These resultssuggested that the MAASwere mainly associated with self-awareness, while the FFMQ facets were selectively involved in emotion regulation, attention control and self-awareness. Therefore, this study characterized the differences in inter-individual variability between the two typical measurements of dispositional mindfulnessand the correlations between those measurements and imaging analyses.
Nomogram predicted risk of peripherally inserted central catheter related thrombosis
Authors: Hao Nan , Xie Xin , Zhou Zhangjian , Li Jieqiong , Kang Li , Wu Huili , Guo Pingli , Dang Chengxue , Zhang Hao
Published: July 2017

The use of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) is increasing rapidly worldwide. A number of patient-related, clinical-related and device-related characteristics might be risk factors for PICC-related thrombosis. We retrospectively reviewed a database of 320 consecutive patients who underwent PICC insertion between December 2014 and December 2015 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University to explore the potential associations between risk factors and PICC-associated thrombosis. A novel nomogram for predicting risk was developed based on the data. The nomogram prediction model included ten risk factors that were derived from different relevant estimates. The nomogram prediction model showed good discriminatory power (Harrell’s C-index, 0.709) and a high degree of similarity to actual thrombosis occurring after calibration. Furthermore, principal component analysis was performed to identify the factors that most influence PICC-related thrombosis. Our novel nomogram thrombosis risk prediction model was accurate in predicting PICC-related thrombosis. Karnofsky performance scores, D-dimer and blood platelet levels and previous chemotherapy were principal components. Our findings might help clinicians predict thrombosis risk in individual patients, select proper therapeutic strategies and optimize the timing of anticoagulation therapy.
A GalNAc/Gal-specific lectin from the sea mussel Crenomytilus grayanus modulates immune response in macrophages and in mice
Authors: Chernikov Oleg V. , Wong Wei-Ting , Li Lan-Hui , Chikalovets Irina V. , Molchanova Valentina I. , Wu Shih-Hsiung , Liao Jiahn-Haur , Hua Kuo-Feng
Published: July 2017

A GalNAc/Gal-specific lectin (CGL) from the edible mussel Crenomytilus grayanus has been demonstrated to exhibit antibacterial properties. However, the mechanism of immune modulation by CGL in mammalian cells remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that CGL can activate immune responses in macrophages and in mice. In the in vitro cell models, CGL induced tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 secretion in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages, mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, human THP-1 macrophages, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and human blood monocyte-derived macrophages. The CGL-mediated cytokine production was regulated by reactive oxygen species, mitogen-activated protein kinases, protein kinase C-α/δ and NF-κB. Interestingly, in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages, CGL induced endotoxin tolerance (characterized by the downregulation of nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase II) via the downregulation of IRAK2 expression, JNK1/2 phosphorylation and NF-κB activation. CGL also slightly increased the bactericidal activity of macrophages and induced cytokine production in mouse models. Overall, our data indicate that CGL has the potential to be used as an immune modulator in mammals.
Updating the list of known opioids through identification and characterization of the new opioid derivative 3,4-dichloro-N-(2-(diethylamino)cyclohexyl)-N-methylbenzamide (U-49900)
Authors: Fabregat-Safont D. , Carbón X. , Ventura M. , Fornís I. , Guillamón E. , Sancho J. V. , Hernández F. , Ibáñez M.
Published: July 2017

New psychoactive substances have been rapidly growing in popularity in the drug market as non-illegal drugs. In the last few years, an increment has been reported on the use of synthetic alternatives to heroin, the synthetic opioids. Based on the information provided by the European Monitoring Centre for Drug and Drug Addiction, these synthetic opioids have been related to overdoses and deaths in Europe and North America. One of these opioids is the U-47700. A few months ago, U-47700 was scheduled in the U.S. and other countries, and other opioid derivatives have been appearing in order to replace it. One of these compounds is U-49900, an analog of U-47700. A white powder sample was obtained from an anonymous user in Spain. After an accurate characterization by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and single-crystal X-ray diffraction; and complemented by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet and circular dichroism spectrophotometry, the drug sample was unequivocally identified as U-49900. The information provided will be useful for the Early Warning System and forensic laboratories for future identifications of the U-49900, as well as in tentative identifications of other related opioids.
A DFT mechanistic study of the organocatalytic asymmetric reaction of aldehydes and homophthalic anhydride
Authors: Trujillo Cristina , Rozas Isabel , Botte Astrid , Connon Stephen J.
Published: July 2017

The first study of the cycloaddition of benzaldehyde with homophthalic anhydride under the influence of an alkaloid-based, squaramide substituted bifunctional organocatalyst using DFT methodology is reported.
Fluorescence-switching RNA for detection of bacterial ribosomes
Authors: Guo Lihao , Okamoto Akimitsu
Published: July 2017

The fluorescence emission specific to bacterial ribosomes from a turn-on-type fluorescent RNA enabled quantification of bacterial population.
Tunable AIEE fluorescence constructed from a triphenylamine luminogen containing quinoline – application in a reversible and tunable pH sensor
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Yang Wen , Gong Tingfeng , Zhou Weiqun , Xue Renyu
Published: July 2017

Herein, tunable emissions in aggregation processes of triphenylamine derivatives (TPAQs) and their protonated cations, as well as protonated processes have been described.
Hybrid density functional theory modeling of Ca, Zn, and Al ion batteries using the Chevrel phase Mo6S8 cathode
Authors: Juran Taylor R. , Smeu Manuel
Published: July 2017

Hybrid density functional theory calculations are used to predict the voltage for Ca, Mg, and Al ion batteries using the Chevrel phase Mo6S8 as cathodes.
Efficient 3He/4He separation in a nanoporous graphenylene membrane
Authors: Qu Yuanyuan , Li Feng , Zhao Mingwen
Published: July 2017

Efficient helium isotope separation by tunneling through a nanoporous graphenylene membrane.
Approaching complexity of alkyl hydrogenation on Pd via density-functional modelling
Authors: Aleksandrov Hristiyan A. , Kozlov Sergey M. , Vayssilov Georgi N. , Neyman Konstantin M.
Published: July 2017

Surface species and structural features of catalysts can notably affect the hydrogenation of alkyl species on Pd.
The role of phonon–phonon and electron–phonon scattering in thermal transport in PdCoO2
Authors: Cheng Long , Yan Qing-Bo , Hu Ming
Published: July 2017

The layered metal oxide PdCoO2 is of fundamental interest in solid-state physics due to its unique nature as a two-dimensional electron gas.
How to make an efficient and robust molecular catalyst for water oxidation
Authors: Garrido-Barros Pablo , Gimbert-Suriñach Carolina , Matheu Roc , Sala Xavier , Llobet Antoni
Published: July 2017

The key factors to design an efficient and rugged molecular water oxidation catalyst (Mol-WOC) are reviewed and discussed.
Promoted photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen evolution of a type II structure via an Al2O3 recombination barrier layer deposited using atomic layer deposition
Authors: Wang Yajun , Bai Weikun , Wang Haiquan , Jiang Yao , Han Shanlei , Sun Huaqian , Li Yuming , Jiang Guiyuan , Zhao Zhen , Huan Qing
Published: July 2017

The introduction of an Al2O3 recombination barrier layer at the interface between TiO2 and CdSe can effectively improve the PEC hydrogen evolution performance.
Coming full circle: constructing a [Gd6] wheel dimer by dimer and the importance of spin topology
Authors: Hooper Thomas N. , Langley Stuart K. , Gómez-Coca Silvia , Lorusso Giulia , Ruiz Eliseo , Murray Keith S. , Evangelisti Marco , Brechin Euan K.
Published: July 2017

Conversion of dimer → linear tetramer → cyclic hexamer reveals remarkable topological size effects.
C–H addition reactivity of 2-phenylpyridine and 2,2′-bipyridine with pentaphenylborole
Authors: Adiraju Venkata A. K. , Martin Caleb D.
Published: July 2017

The reactions of pentaphenylborole with pyridines with a pendent aryl group in the 2-position, specifically 2-phenylpyridine and 2,2′-bipyridine, readily afforded adducts. Upon thermolysis, syn ortho C–H addition of the pendent arene was induced.
Conversion of C5 carbohydrates into furfural catalyzed by a Lewis acidic ionic liquid in renewable γ-valerolactone
Authors: Wang Shurong , Zhao Yuan , Lin Haizhou , Chen Jingping , Zhu Lingjun , Luo Zhongyang
Published: July 2017

For the purpose of building a green reaction system to produce furfural (FF), the conversion of xylose and arabinose was investigated in an aqueous reaction system including a Lewis acidic ionic liquid as a catalyst and renewable γ-valerolactone (GVL) as a co-solvent.
Copper-finger protein of Sp1: the molecular basis of copper sensing
Authors: Yuan Siming , Chen Siming , Xi Zhaoyong , Liu Yangzhong
Published: July 2017

Cu(i) ions displace Zn(ii) coordination in Sp1, resulting in a well-folded ‘Copper-Finger-Protein’, which interrupts the transcription of hCtr1.
Multifunctional porous NiCo2O4 nanorods: sensitive enzymeless glucose detection and supercapacitor properties with impedance spectroscopic investigations
Authors: Saraf Mohit , Natarajan Kaushik , Mobin Shaikh M.
Published: July 2017

Multifunctional NiCo2O4 nanorods fabricated by a simple two-step method exhibit excellent performance in glucose sensors as well as supercapacitors.
Dissociation of Mg(ii) and Zn(ii) complexes of simple 2-oxocarboxylates – relationship to CO2fixation, and the Grignard and Barbier reactions
Authors: Miller Glenn B. S. , Uggerud Einar
Published: July 2017

The glyoxylate and pyruvate carboxylates have been complexed to Mg(ii) and Zn(ii) to investigate the intrinsic interactions of these important biochemical species in the gas phase.
Drug design based on pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase: synthesis and antibacterial activity of Pogostone derivatives
Authors: Wang Biao , Huang Wei , Zhou Jin , Tang Xue , Chen Yang , Peng Cheng , Han Bo
Published: July 2017

We performed molecular docking studies of Pogostone with PETNR and analyzed structure–activity relationships, which guided the structure design and the subsequent facile organocatalytic synthesis of Pogostone derivatives.
Direct arylation of inactivated benzene with aryl acyl peroxides toward biaryls
Authors: Pan Changduo , Zhu Jiawei , Chen Rongzhen , Yu Jin-Tao
Published: July 2017

A direct arylation of inactivated benzene with acyl peroxides toward biaryls under metal-free, base-free and additive-free conditions was developed.
“On water” catalytic enantioselective sulfenylation of deconjugated butyrolactams
Authors: Singha Roy Soumya Jyoti , Mukherjee Santanu
Published: July 2017

The first catalytic enantioselective α-sulfenylation of deconjugated butyrolactams has been developed using dimeric cinchona alkaloids as catalysts in water-enriched reaction medium. The applicability of the same catalyst system for enantioselective α-selenylation and formal vinylogous γ-hydroxylation of deconjugated butyrolactam has also been described.
Probabilistic frequency‐hopping sequence with low probability of detection based on spectrum sensing
Authors: Ning Ben , Li Zan , Guan Lei , Zhou Fuhui
Published: July 2017

Due to the broadcast nature of the radio propagation, requirements of high data rates and low probability of detection (LPD) form a well‐known trade‐off problem in covert wireless communication. Frequency hopping (FH) is a communication technology that is able to efficiently solve this problem by randomly switching its transmission channels. However, it is extremely complex to design an FH sequence (FHS) in a coloured noise scenario where different channels have different noise levels. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a novel probabilistic FHS based on spectrum sensing. The FHS achieves the LPD among typical FHS under the constraint on a prescribed bit error rate. The authors present two algorithms that are used to generate the FHS and we analyse their computational complexity. To evaluate the performance of the sequence, we derive an expression for the probability of detection (PD). Simulation results show that the system bit error rate and the PD of the proposed FHS are low, and can be flexibly adjusted according to various practical requirements.
Two‐stage DOA estimation method for low SNR signals in automotive radars
Authors: Lee Seongwook , Yoon Young‐Jun , Lee Jae‐Eun , Sim Heonkyo , Kim Seong‐Cheol
Published: July 2017

In this study, the authors propose an effective two‐stage direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation method for low signal‐to‐noise (SNR) signals in automotive radar systems. When antenna elements in the array receive low SNR signals, the performance of subspace‐based DOA estimation algorithms is degraded. Concerning this case, they propose an enhanced DOA estimation method that offers better angular resolution and estimation performance. The authors’ proposed method is comprised of two stages. In the first stage, they roughly estimate the DOA using conventional subspace‐based DOA estimation algorithms. Thereafter, the fine DOA estimation is performed in the next stage. The fine estimation includes a received signal calibration method using a priori information acquired from the previous stage. From simulation results, in terms of root mean square error and resolution probability, their proposed method exhibits a DOA estimation performance that is superior to that of the conventional method. Moreover, with actual measurement data, they verify that the proposed method can be applied to practical automotive radar systems.
Comparison between W2 distance and Ḣ−1 norm, and Localization of Wasserstein distance
Authors: Peyre Rémi
Published: July 2017

It is well known that the quadratic Wasserstein distance W2(⋅, ⋅) is formally equivalent, for infinitesimally small perturbations, to some weighted H−1 homogeneous Sobolev norm. In this article I show that this equivalence can be integrated to get non-asymptotic comparison results between these distances. Then I give an application of these results to prove that the W2 distance exhibits some localization phenomenon: if μ and ν are measures on ℝn and ϕ: ℝn → ℝ+ is some bump function with compact support, then under mild hypotheses, you can bound above the Wasserstein distance between ϕ ⋅ μ and ϕ ⋅ ν by an explicit multiple of W2(μ, ν).
Copper-Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Aryl Thiols from Aryl Iodides Using Sodium Sulfide Aided by Catalytic 1,2-Ethanedithiol
Authors: Chae Junghyun , Liu Yajun , Xue Hongyu , Jing Bing , Liu Shasha
Published: July 2017

A copper-catalyzed direct and effective synthesis of aryl thiols from aryl iodides using readily available Na2S·9H2O and 1,2-ethanedithiol was described. A variety of aryl thiols were readily obtained in yields of 76–99%. In this protocol, Na2S·9H2O was used as ultimate sulfur source, and 1,2-ethanedithiol functioned as an indispensable catalytic reagent.
Ferrier Rearrangement of 1,2-Dihydropyrans with Organozinc Species in Toluene/n-Dibutyl Ether
Authors: Wagschal Simon , Lemaire Sébastien , Rabet Pauline
Published: July 2017

Herein, we report the catalyst-free addition of organozinc species to glycal derivatives and dihydropyrans in a toluene/n-dibutyl ether solvent mixture via a Ferrier rearrangement at room temperature. This methodology requires only a slight excess of the nucleophile and leads preferentially to the C-glycoside α-anomer. Various 1,2-dihydropyrans were assessed with a range of nucleophiles (aryl, alkynyl, alkyl) yielding the desired C-glycosides in good yield and diastereoselectivity up to 20:1.
Base-Induced Cyclisation of ortho-Substituted 2-Phenyloxazolines to Give 3-Aminobenzofurans and Related Heterocycles
Authors: Aitken R. , Harper Andrew , Slawin Alexandra
Published: July 2017

Treatment of ortho-benzyloxyphenyloxazolines with butyllithium and potassium tert-butoxide results in cyclisation with ring opening of the oxazoline to give 2-aryl-3-aminobenzofurans. The reaction also occurs with the corresponding benzylthio and benzylamino compounds to give benzothiophenes and indoles, respectively. Use of an ortho-allyloxyphenyloxazoline gives the corresponding 2-vinylbenzofuran, while both α-methylbenzyloxy and benzylsulfonyl compounds form stable spirooxazolidine products. The X-ray structure of an aminobenzothiophene product has been determined.
Ambident Reactivity of Nitroso Compounds for Direct Amination and Hydroxylation of Carbonyls
Authors: Dana Suman , Ramakrishna Isai , Baidya Mahiuddin
Published: July 2017

Functionalization of carbonyls, particularly with a heteroatom subunit, is an important synthetic transformation. Utilization of ambident electrophiles for such a strategy is advantageous because two different heteroatom units can be installed from a single source under judicial reaction conditions. Recently, there have been increased examples for the construction of C–O and C–N bonds using nitroso compounds, a prototype of ambident electrophiles. In this short review, we discuss the advantages and challenges of exploiting nitroso compounds in organic synthesis with specific focus on nitroso aldol type processes for the direct hydroxylation and amination of carbonyl compounds.

1 Introduction

2 Prime Challenges in Nitroso Aldol Reactions

3 Direct Hydroxylation Reactions

4 Direct Amination Reactions

5 Conclusion and Outlook
Design and Synthesis of Two-Photon Responsive Chromophores for Near-Infrared Light-Induced Uncaging Reactions
Authors: Abe Manabu , Chitose Youhei , Jakkampudi Satish , Thuy Pham , Lin Qianghua , Van Bui , Yamada Ayato , Oyama Ryoko , Sasaki Miyu , Katan Claudine
Published: July 2017

Near-infrared two-photon (TP)-induced photorelease (uncaging) of bioactive molecules such as drugs has attracted considerable attention because of its ability to elucidate mechanistic aspects of biological processes. This short review summarizes recent developments in the design and synthesis of TP-responsive chromophores.

1 Introduction

2 Molecular Design of TP-Responsive Organic Chromophores for ‘Caging & Uncaging’

2.1 π-Conjugation

2.2 A Dipolar System

2.3 A Quadrupolar System

2.4 An Octupolar System

3 Recent Developments of TP Uncaging Reactions

3.1 4-Methoxy-7-nitroindolinyl Caged Auxins

3.2 Uncaging of GABA and Tryptophan Using TP-Induced Electron-Transfer Reactions

3.3 Effect of Position Isomery in Aminoquinoline-Derived Photolabile Protecting Groups (PPGs)

3.4 Cooperative Dyads for TP Uncaging

3.5 Caged Calcium with a Bis-styrylthiophene Backbone

3.6 Cloaked Caged Compounds

3.7 Three-Dimensional Control of DNA Hybridization by Orthogonal Two-Color TP Uncaging

3.8 TP-Induced Release of Diethyl Phosphate (DEP) and ATP

4 Our Contribution to TP Uncaging Reactions

5 Summary
Bauaktivitäten deutscher kliniken: Viele Bauplanungen werden geschoben
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: July 2017

Die Zahl der Krankenhäuser in Deutschland sinkt stetig. Wie steht es mit den Bauaktivitäten
im Gesundheitswesen? Die Münchner Unternehmensberatung Schwab Marketing registriert in ihrer aktuellen Marktstudie für 2017 etwas weniger Baumaßnahmen als noch vor einem Jahr.
Wahljahr 2017: Gesundheitspolitik: keine große Baustelle?
Authors: Gerster Florian
Published: July 2017

Die Wahlprogramme der Parteien für die Bundestagswahl am 24. September liegen im Entwurf oder von Parteitagen verabschiedet vor. Gesundheitspolitik ist nicht die größte Baustelle; Programmaussagen dazu sind deshalb nicht im Fokus des Wahlkampfs. Dies gilt sogar für die „Paritätische Bürgerversicherung“, mit der die SPD das duale System aus privater und gesetzlicher Krankenversicherung ablösen will. Dazu wäre eine Koalition unter sozialdemokratischer Führung notwendig – nach Stand der Dinge eher unwahrscheinlich.
Elektronische Gesundheitskarte: „Ein wichtiges Etappenziel ist erreicht“
Authors: Mau Jens
Published: July 2017

Am 1. Juni hat die gematik nach vielen Jahren der Verzögerungen endlich die Einführung der elektronischen Gesundheitskarte (eGk) verkündet. Sebastian Zilch ist neuer Geschäftsführer des Branchenverbandes bvitg. Im Gespräch mit kma erzählt er, was die Industrie nun von der gematik erwartet und warum das neue Interoperabilitätsverzeichnis Vesta eine große Chance bietet.
13. Gesundheitswirtschaftskongress Hamburg: Wie Digitalisierung die Branche verändert
Authors: Lohmann Heinz
Published: July 2017

Medizin 4.0 erlaubt es künftig, Patienten entsprechend ihren speziellen Bedürfnissen zu behandeln. Das ändert nicht nur die ärztlichen und pflegerischen Tätigkeiten, sondern betrifft auch alle Bereiche der Administration und Medizintechnik. Ohne eine konsequente Nutzung der Digitalisierung ist das nicht möglich. Deshalb führt daran jetzt kein Weg mehr vorbei.
Länder haben letztes Wort
Authors: Weimer Tobias
Published: July 2017

Krankenhäuser sollten die Qualitätsmanagement-Compliance nicht unterschätzen. Leider gibt es bei vielen Qualitätsindikatoren rechtlich offene Fragen.
Staune – und genieße jeden Tag!
Authors: Schulz Sebastian
Published: July 2017

Mit der Eröffnung unseres St. Elisabeth Hospizes direkt im Stadtzentrum der Ruhrgebietsstadt Witten spielt der Gedanke, den Tod ins Leben und damit in die Mitte der Gesellschaft zu holen, eine entscheidende Rolle.
Vier Regierungsjahre im Rückblick: Solides Handwerk der Koalition
Authors: Paquet Robert
Published: July 2017

Die Gesetzgebung dieser Wahlperiode ist abgeschlossen. Hermann Gröhe hat als Konsensminister den Koalitionsvertrag Punkt für Punkt umgesetzt. Die Ausgangslage der Großen Koalition war zwar günstig. Sie hat aber auch das Beste daraus gemacht. Die Krankenhäuser sind insgesamt recht gut dabei weggekommen.
Gastbeitrag Georg Baum: Viele offene Baustellen
Authors: Baum Georg
Published: July 2017

Volle Notaufnahmen, leere Kassen – für DKG-Hauptgeschäftsführer Georg Baum sollte eine Neuregelung der ambulanten Notfallversorgung ganz oben der Prioritätenliste der neuen Regierung stehen. Ebenso wie eine stärkere Förderung der Pflege sowie ein Sonderprogramm zur Digitalisierung der Kliniken.
Paracelsus-Kliniken: Wenn Mitarbeiter zur guten Investition werden
Authors: Hoffmann Simone
Published: July 2017

Gutes Personalmanagement wird in deutschen Kliniken immer wichtiger, denn fachlich versierte und hoch motivierte Mitarbeiter tragen wesentlich zum medizinischen und wirtschaftlichen Erfolg eines Hauses bei. Um sich im harten Wettbewerb um rare Fachkräfte als attraktives Haus zu profilieren, investieren Krankenhausträger wie die Paracelsus-Kliniken deshalb gezielt in die Personalentwicklung.
Archivierung: Welche Strategie verspricht Erfolg?
Authors: Schmeidl Thomas
Published: July 2017

Viele Kliniken verlagern ihre Archive in die virtuelle Welt. Doch es gibt verschiedene Wege, wie sich Patienten- und Behandlungsdaten langfristig sicher speichern lassen. Unser Experte Dr. Thomas Schmeidl gibt einen Überblick.
Patient Engagement: So binden Sie Ihre Patienten langfristig
Authors: Teuber Ibo
Published: July 2017

Im digitalen Zeitalter wollen Patienten sich mit dem traditionellen Gesundheitssystem verbinden – finden aber bislang nur wenige Anknüpfungspunkte. Ein Dilemma. Denn es steckt sehr viel Potenzial in einer digitalen Gesundheitsversorgung.
Aufzugtechnik: St. Lukas Gesellschaft setzt auf clevere Aufzüge
Authors: Semmler Thomas
Published: July 2017

Die Katholische St. Lukas Gesellschaft in Dortmund will bis zum Sommer 2018 in drei Kliniken 20 veraltete Aufzüge in den vorhandenen Schächten austauschen und dabei die Transportkapazität um mindestens ein Fünftel erhöhen. Dazu setzt sie auf ein neues Verfahren, das in Deutschland bisher noch kein anderes Klinikum nutzt.
Interview mit Stefan Görres: „Die Einrichtungen müssen selbst mutiger werden“
Authors: Wenzel Kirsten
Published: July 2017

Auch in Deutschland ist ein abgestuftes Qualifikationsmodell in den Pflegeberufen längst auf dem Weg, sagt der Bremer Gerontologe Stefan Görres. Er wünscht sich mehr Gestaltungsphantasie der Einrichtungen, solange die Gesetzgebung stockt.
Terminal Condylar Facets of the Femur: Implications for Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Kotgirwar Sheetal , Deopujari Rashmi , Sinha Urmila , Trivedi Soumitra , Lalwani Rekha , Athavale Sunita
Published: July 2017

In wake of changing lifestyle and increasing surgical expertise, knee replacement surgeries have become common. Attempts at improving the postoperative range of motion have prompted high-flexion knee arthroplasties. Consequently, there is a need to study the anatomy of knee joint in high flexion. This study focused on a holistic description of terminal condylar articular facet (TCAF; part of the femoral articular area in contact with the tibia in high flexion) of medial and lateral condyles and their quantification. In total, 104 dry femora and 16 dissected cadaveric knee joints (10 adult and 6 fetal) were studied. In most cases, the medial TCAF showed a tongue- or wedge-shaped extension in its lateral half, which has been referred to as extended condylar facet (ECF). The surface area of the ECF was approximately 0.5 cm2. In adult cadaveric dissections, the fibrous capsule showed the lax attachment beyond the ECF, thus creating a cave in the medial tibiofemoral compartment. These features were absent in fetal dissection. The presence of an ECF has not been documented in dry bones and has not been quantified. The variability of the size of this extension supports the hypothesis of this being an acquired trait. This study is expected to provide factual data for implant design improvement and a new anthropological data on Indian femora.
Radiographic and Functional Outcomes following Knee Arthrodesis Using the Wichita Fusion Nail
Authors: McQuail Paula , Baker Joseph , Green James , Keogh Peter , Kenny Patrick , McCartney Ben
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study was to report both the radiographic and functional outcomes of patients undergoing knee arthrodesis with the Wichita Fusion Nail (WFN) within the Republic of Ireland and compare the results to existing literature. Patient charts and radiographs were reviewed on all patients who had a WFN implanted in Ireland to date. Patients were invited to complete a Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score as a functional assessment. Twenty-three patients were identified. Patients had an average of 8 (range: 0–26) knee surgeries prior to arthrodesis. The most common indication was failed arthroplasty due to recalcitrant infection (69.5%). Successful fusion occurred in 60.8% of patients. The mean time to fusion was 9.21 months. The mean WOMAC score was 58.55 with a range of 31 to 96. We found a rate of arthrodesis lower than that reported in other published series. However, the rate of major complications was comparable to those published previously, reflecting the often-challenging patient cohort. Our study shows that the WFN should not be viewed as a near-universally successful option to salvage an unreconstructable knee.
Gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität, Selbstwert und Gesundheitsverhalten durchschnittlich 6 Jahre nach einem ambulanten Adipositastherapieprogramm
Authors: Menrath Ingo , Gminder Angelika , Hiort Olaf , Thyen Ute
Published: July 2017

Hintergrund Leitlinien empfehlen für adipöse Kinder multimodale Programme zur Gewichtsreduktion. Zu wenige Studien existieren zum langfristigen Erfolg dieser Programme. Auch erfassen wenige Studien neben dem Gewicht die psychische Gesundheit und das Gesundheitsverhalten. In dieser Studie werden das Gewicht, die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (LQ), der Selbstwert und das Gesundheitsverhalten im Langzeitverlauf nach einem ambulanten Adipositastherapieprogramm untersucht.

Patienten und Methodik Zwischen 2005 und 2009 nahmen 84 Kinder und Jugendliche (57% weiblich, mittleres Alter 12,8 Jahre) und ihre Eltern an einem 10-monatigen, multimodalen Therapieprogramm teil. 55 Teilnehmer wurden vor (T0) bzw. nach (T1) dem Programm und mind. 3 Jahre nach Programmbeginn (T2) untersucht. Erfasst wurden der BMI-SDS und mit standardisierten Fragebögen die gesundheitsbezogene LQ, der Selbstwert, die sportliche Aktivität und das Essverhalten.

Ergebnisse Durchschnittlich 6 Jahre nach Programmbeginn zeigte sich eine Reduktion des BMI-SDS um 0,4 im Vergleich zu Programmbeginn (p<0,01). Der Gesamtwert der gesundheitsbezogenen LQ stieg von 70,1±12,1 zu T0 auf 76,2±12,8 zu T2 an (p<0,05). Auch der Selbstwert ist von 54,0±23,4 zu T0 auf 65,0±21,5 zu T2 angestiegen (p<0,05). Außerdem waren die Jugendlichen im Langzeitverlauf sportlich aktiver (p<0,05), hatten mehr Interesse am Sport (p<0,001). Eine Verbesserung des Essverhaltens konnte nicht gezeigt werden.

Schlussfolgerung Neben einer Verbesserung des Gewichtes und des Bewegungsverhaltens geht die Teilnahme an einem multimodalen Therapieprogramm langfristig mit einer klinisch relevanten Verbesserung der gesundheitsbezogenen LQ und des Selbstwertes einher. Die Stärkung dieser Schutzfaktoren kann das Risiko von Diskriminierung mindern und sollte in kontrollierten Studien weiter untersucht werden.
Kombinierte chirurgische Therapie von Shuntinfekt und Shuntthrombose
Authors: Krönung Gerhard
Published: July 2017

Die einzeitige chirurgische Sanierung eines Punktionsinfektes führt beim Misslingen schlimmstenfalls zur Infektpersistenz an gleicher Stelle. Muss der Eingriff in der gleichen oder einer weiteren Extremitätenetage erweitert werden, besteht die Gefahr einer u. U. dramatischen Infektverschleppung in ein größeres oder zusätzliches OP-Gebiet. Ein solches Vorgehen ist daher eher die Ausnahme und bedarf einer sorgfältigen Abwägung durch ein erfahrenes OP-Team.
Behandlung der renalen Anämie
Authors: Biggar Patrick , von Gersdorff Gero
Published: July 2017

Anämie stellt, ob als subjektiv empfundene Einschränkung oder als Marker interpretiert, ein signifikanter, prognostischer Parameter in der Entwicklung der CKD dar. Ausgehend von der Isolierung und Herstellung von EPO bzw. ESAs haben Studien gezeigt, dass eine Hb-Anhebung auf bis zu 10 g/dl mit klinischen Vorteilen einhergeht. Allerdings konnte bislang nicht überzeugend nachgewiesen werden, dass eine intensivierte Hb-Anhebung mittels exogener Zufuhr von EPO einen umfassenden Benefit für den Patienten bedeutet. Neuere Entwicklungen versprechen interessante Ansätze, in denen nicht nur die Erythropoese im engeren Sinne stimuliert wird, sondern darüber hinausgehende Mechanismen moduliert werden. Die Activin-Hemmung birgt das Potenzial nicht nur die Anämie, sondern auch den Mineral- und Knochenerkrankungen-Komplex (CKD-MBD) bei Niereninsuffizienz zu verbessern. Die HIF-Prolyl-Hydroxylase-Inhibitoren zeigen auch pleiotrope Wirkungen, die derzeit im Mittelpunkt weiterer Forschungen stehen. Allerdings bieten die konventionellen ESAs einen umfassenden Sicherheitsgrad, an dem die neueren Substanzen gemessen werden dürften. Die Entwicklung eines Blutschlauchsystems für die Hämodialyse stellt einen gänzlich anderen Ansatz dar, um die Anämie zu verbessern. Hier wird nicht eine Stimulierung der Erythropoese, sondern eine unverfängliche Reduzierung einer mechanischen Hämolyse während der Dialyse erreicht.
Im Rhythmus liegt Lebenskraft
Authors: Sonnenschmidt Rosina
Published: July 2017

Das A und O jeder Behandlung und Prophylaxe ist die Rückkehr zu natürlichen Rhythmen und einem ausgewogenen Leben. Denn alles in der Natur verläuft rhythmisch in Zyklen und ist harmonisch.
Ich sehe … was?
Authors: Herzog Michael , Sengebusch Jürgen
Published: July 2017

Diese Effloreszenzen haben sich innerhalb weniger Wochen entwickelt. Die Patienten berichten von generalisiertem Juckreiz, Fieber und zunehmender Schwäche, diffusen Schmerzen in den Knochen und Infektanfälligkeit. Was könnte die Ursache sein?
Ist „begleitende Krebstherapie“ auf der Website zulässig?
Authors: Bramhoff Heinz-Georg
Published: July 2017

Darf ich im Internet oder in meinem Praxisflyer schreiben, dass ich onkologische Patienten behandle? Gibt es rechtssichere Formulierungen, denn ich höre immer wieder, dass Kollegen abgemahnt werden, wenn beispielsweise „begleitende Krebstherapie“ auf der Webseite steht.
Metronome Chemotherapiekonzepte
Authors: Schmidt Marcus , Ettl Johannes , Pukrop Tobias , Reichle Albrecht
Published: July 2017

Erfolgreichere Therapien für Patienten mit metastasierten Karzinomen zu entwickeln, bleibt eine Herausforderung. In der palliativen Situation ist bei allen Wünschen an die Wirksamkeit immer auch die Lebensqualität zu berücksichtigen. Hier bietet das Konzept der metronomen Chemotherapie einen guten Ansatz, da hierdurch eine bessere Balance zwischen Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit erreicht werden kann. Grundelemente der metronomen Chemotherapie sind die regelmäßige Gabe von Zytostatika in niedriger Dosis mit dem Ziel einer wirksamen und gut verträglichen Therapie. Studien mit metronomer Chemotherapie bei metastasiertem Mammakarzinom weisen sogar auf eine vergleichbare Effektivität wie mit konventioneller Chemotherapie und eine geringere Toxizität hin. Dieser Übersichtsartikel fasst das Wissen um diese Form der Therapie zusammen und bezieht auch wesentliche Mechanismen des Tumorgeschehens – der Metastasierung, der Interaktion von Tumor und Stroma sowie der körpereigenen Tumorabwehr – mit ein, um die Wirkungsweise der metronomen Chemotherapie besser verstehen zu lernen.
Wenn Sportintervention nicht zum Erfolg führt
Authors: Böhm Anja , Weigert Cora
Published: July 2017

Die Veränderung des Lebensstils mit einer erhöhten körperlichen Aktivität ist eine der wirksamsten Maßnahmen zur Prävention eines Diabetes mellitus. Allerdings profitieren nicht alle Teilnehmer eines Sportprogramms in gleichem Maße von einem bestimmten Training in Bezug auf eine Verbesserung von Blutdruck, Blutfetten, Gewichtsverlauf, Muskelaufbau, Blutzuckerwerten – oder auch der Insulinsensitivität. Die Ergebnisse einer neuen Sportinterventionsstudie zeigen, dass das Ausbleiben einer Verbesserung der Insulinsensitivität nach einem 8-wöchigen Ausdauertraining an muskulären Entzündungs- und Reparaturmechanismen liegen könnte. Jetzt gilt es zu klären, welche Trainingsvarianten bei solchen „Non-Respondern“ einen besseren Präventionserfolg mit sich bringen.
Attitudes towards Social Oocyte Freezing from a Socio-cultural Perspective
Authors: Schick Maren , Sexty Réka , Ditzen Beate , Wischmann Tewes
Published: July 2017

Introduction The tendency to delay parenthood is increasing. It is partly driven by the availability of early reproductive technologies such as social oocyte freezing, the cryopreservation of oocytes for non-medical purposes. The goal of this study was to investigate relationships between attitudes towards social oocyte freezing and different socio-cultural backgrounds in a German sample cohort.

Materials and Methods A quantitative online questionnaire was compiled. A total of 643 participants completed the questionnaire which included items on attitudes toward social oocyte freezing, socio-demographics and items, obtained from the German DELTA Institute for Social and Ecological Research, devised to indicate specific milieus. Data were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric methods.

Results There were clear correlations between attitudes towards social oocyte freezing and socio-cultural background, gender, cohort age, fertility problems, and attitudes to fertility. Positive attitudes towards social oocyte freezing were linked to struggles with fertility, a current or general wish to have a child, and flexible, progressive and self-oriented values. Participants who preferred to become parents at a younger age tended to reject cryopreservation.

Conclusions The huge number of university graduates, persons with fertility problems, and persons from specific socio-cultural backgrounds in our sample point to distinct groups interested in reproductive technologies such as social oocyte freezing. The investigated differences as a function of socio-cultural background suggest that more research into the desire to have children in German society is needed. In conclusion, it may be necessary to develop targeted family planning interventions to prevent affected women from buying into a false sense of security, thereby risking unwanted childlessness.
Nationalität „Mensch“
Authors: Leippert Claudia
Published: July 2017

Nur wenn Ärzte und Diabetesfachpersonal den kulturellen Besonderheiten von Patienten mit Migrationshintergrund empathisch und flexibel begegnen und die Menschen kulturspezifisch beraten, können sie auch diese Patientenklientel erfolgreich behandeln. Der Schlüssel dafür ist eine aufmerksame Kommunikation, die den Bedürfnissen der Patienten Rechnung trägt. Aber auch das eigene Leben lässt sich durch eine offene Begegnung mit Menschen anderer Kulturen immer wieder bereichern.
Weaning Premature Infants from Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure – Current Practice and Scientific Evidence
Authors: Kidszun André , Arnold Christine , Winter Julia , Whybra-Trümpler Catharina , Mildenberger Eva
Published: July 2017

Objective In the past decade, a number of trials have been conducted to determine the optimal strategy of weaning premature infants from nasal continuous airway pressure (nCPAP). However, a paucity of information exists on how weaning is actually performed in clinical routine. Aim of this study was to investigate the current practice of weaning premature infants from nCPAP in Germany.

Methods An online survey was performed in German tertiary care neonatal units.

Results All 160 German tertiary care units were contacted. Replies were retrieved from 85/160 (53%) units, of which 83/160 (52%) completed the questionnaire. 66/83 (80%) respondents indicated to wean without the use of formal written policies. In 44/83 (53%) units weaning decisions are made jointly between physicians and nurses, whereas physicians are the sole decision makers in 33/83 (40%) as are nurses in 6/83 (7%) units. Many units use more than one weaning strategy. 81/83 units (98%) gradually reduce nCPAP pressure as the initial step in the weaning process. 9/83 (11%) units stop nCPAP at standard criteria [CICADA (CeasIng nCpap At standarD criteriA) method] and 58/83 (70%) units use a cycling nCPAP on/off strategy. 52/83 (63%) of the responding units use nasal high flow at least at some point during the weaning process, either as a gradual weaning method or during nCPAP breaks.

Conclusion Weaning strategies from nCPAP vary widely in German tertiary care neonatal units. It appears that evidence is still insufficient to promote a distinct weaning strategy which in turn highlights the urgent need for further adequately powered clinical trials.
Leitlinientherapie bei renaler Anämie
Authors: Brandenburg Vincent
Published: July 2017

Eine Anämie trägt zu den Symptomen einer chronischen Niereninsuffizienz bei. Das Bestimmen von Blutbild und Parametern des Eisenhaushaltes gehört zum Routinemonitoring bei chronischer Niereninsuffizienz. Grundlagen der Anämietherapie sind das Ausschalten von behandelbaren Ursachen, „iron first“ und eine vorsichtige Anhebung des Hb-Wertes auf ca. subphysiologische Werte (10–12 g/dl). Eine ESA-Gabe zur Anhebung des Hb-Wertes auf bis zu 13 g/dl ist ausdrücklich nicht zu empfehlen. Die niedrigstmögliche ESA-Dosis zur Erzielung des Hb-Zielbereiches sollte gewählt werden. Somit müssen Ursachen für ein vermindertes ESA-Ansprechen ausgeschaltet werden. Die häufigste ist ein Eisendefizit.
Das Akute Aortensyndrom
Authors: Akin Ibrahim , Nienaber Christoph
Published: July 2017

Das akute Aortensyndrom ist ein moderner Begriff, mit dem eine Gruppe von Aortenerkrankungen beschrieben wird. Diese beinhalten die Aortendissektion, das intramurale Hämatom (IMH) und das penetrierende Aortenulkus (PAU). Populationanalysen gehen bei der Aortendissektion von einer Inzidenz von 2,6–3,5/100 000 Einwohner aus. Jeder achte Patient mit der Verdachtsdiagnose Aortendissektion hat ein IMH oder PAU. Schmerzen und Malperfusionen sind das Leitsymptom des akuten Aortensyndroms und sollten mittels moderner Bildgebung (Computertomografie, transösophagealer Ultraschall, Magnetresonanztomografie) abgeklärt werden. Asymptomatische Patienten, die an einer IMH oder PAU leiden, können konservativ behandelt werden, wohingegen alle symptomatischen Patienten behandelt werden müssen. Endovaskuläre Möglichkeiten haben die Therapieoptionen erweitert und in weiten Bereichen den operativen Ansatz bei ausgewählten Patienten abgelöst. Unabhängig der Initialtherapie müssen die Patienten systematisch nachverfolgt werden.