bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Process Evaluation of a Nutrition-sensitive Agriculture Program in Rural Areas of Tehran Province, Iran
Authors: Ezzeddin Neda , Kalantari Naser , Zayeri Farid , Amiri Parisa , Abdollahi Morteza
Published: April 2023

Objective: A nutrition-sensitive agriculture program was developed and implemented in Iran, to improve the nutrition status of rural and nomadic women. We conducted a process evaluation to show the program implementation status. Methods: This is a mixed-methods cross-sectional study conducted in Tehran Province. We acquired qualitative data from documents, in-depth semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions. We collected quantitative information through program reports and a cross-sectional study. We performed a thematic content analysis to analyze the qualitative data using MAXQDA software and used SPSS to analyze the quantitative data. Results: Program implementation was adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to the pandemic, context evaluation also recognized other barriers including recourse and structural-cultural constrains. The previous knowledge and experience of rural women and their readiness to accept the program were some facilitators of the program implementation. Based on the cross-sectional study results, about 21% and 23.8 % of women definitely received both trainings (nutrition and vegetable gardening) and vegetables seeds respectively. Conclusions: Our results provide evidence for policymakers and planners that could be effective in program redesign or improving the implementation process.
Can Asthma Cause Pericardial Effusion? Insights Into an Intriguing Association
Authors: Karasu Betul Banu , Akin Berna
Published: April 2023

Background

Pericardial effusion (PE) is a commonly encountered condition in clinical practice, but its etiology can be difficult to identify, with many cases remaining classified as idiopathic. This study aimed to investigate whether an association exists between asthma and idiopathic PE (IPE).

Methods

Patients who had been diagnosed with PE in the authors' outpatient cardiology clinics between March 2015 and November 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The study population was divided into 2 groups—non-IPE (NIPE) and IPE—based on whether a cause had been identified. Demographic, laboratory, and clinical data for the 2 groups were examined statistically.

Results

A total of 714 patients were enrolled in the study after exclusion of 40 cases. Of these 714 patients, 558 were allocated to the NIPE group and 156 to the IPE group (NIPE group median [IQR] age, 50 [41–58] years vs IPE group median [IQR] age, 47 [39–56] years; P = .03). Asthma was significantly more prevalent among patients in the IPE group than among those in the NIPE group (n = 54 [34.6%] vs n = 82 [14.7%]; P < .001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, asthma (odds ratio, 2.67 [95% CI, 1.53–4.67]; P = .001) was found to be an independent predictor of IPE. In the IPE group, patients with asthma had either mild or moderate PE, with the right atrium being the most common location in these patients.

Conclusion

Asthma was an independent predictor of mild to moderate IPE. The right atrium was the most frequently encountered location for PE in patients with asthma.
The Evolution of Durable, Implantable Axial-Flow Rotary Blood Pumps
Authors: Smith P. Alex , Wang Yaxin , Frazier O.H.
Published: April 2023

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are increasingly used to treat patients with end-stage heart failure. Implantable LVADs were initially developed in the 1960s and 1970s. Because of technological constraints, early LVADs had limited durability (eg, membrane or valve failure) and poor biocompatibility (eg, driveline infections and high rates of hemolysis caused by high shear rates). As the technology has improved over the past 50 years, contemporary rotary LVADs have become smaller, more durable, and less likely to result in infection. A better understanding of hemodynamics and end-organ perfusion also has driven research into the enhanced functionality of rotary LVADs. This paper reviews from a historical perspective some of the most influential axial-flow rotary blood pumps to date, from benchtop conception to clinical implementation. The history of mechanical circulatory support devices includes improvements related to the mechanical, anatomical, and physiologic aspects of these devices. In addition, areas for further improvement are discussed, as are important future directions—such as the development of miniature and partial-support LVADs, which are less invasive because of their compact size. The ongoing development and optimization of these pumps may increase long-term LVAD use and promote early intervention in the treatment of patients with heart failure.
Local Factors and COVID-19 Severity: Typological Analysis of Urban Districts in Russia
Authors:   Faculty of Urban and Regional Development, HSE University, Goncharov Ruslan , Kotov Egor ,   Faculty of Urban and Regional Development, HSE University, Molodtsova Varvara ,   Faculty of Urban and Regional Development, HSE University
Published: April 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that the lack of consideration of the local specifics of territories, such as the specifics of socio-economic interactions, labor market characteristics, leads to serious social or economic consequences when developing response measures to epidemiological threats. The creation of a typology of territories (urban districts / okrugs) makes it possible to more accurately select measures to regulate socio-economic interactions in the event of future complications of the epidemiological situation. Clustering of municipalities according to a set of local factors that significantly explain the severity of the pandemic in the first year made it possible to identify three types of urban districts that differ in population size and intensity of socio-economic interactions (SEI): these are key service centers with a high intensity of SEI, local centers with medium SEI intensity, small towns with low SEI intensity
Polarized Economic Development: Methodological Eclecticism of Research in the 1950–1980s
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Ukrainsky Vadim
Published: April 2023

The academic research of the 1950–1980s devoted to polarized development was characterized by methodological eclecticism. The set of generally accepted provisions (the ‘hard core’ of the theory) had not been formed in the framework of the original works of French researchers (primarily F. Perroux and J.-R. Boudeville). This problem of began to worsen due to the expansion of the number of involved researchers. One of the most notable innovations, which arose due to incorrect interpretations of the publications of the French pioneers, was the introduction of the term ‘growth center’, which greatly supplanted the original ‘pole’ terminology from the Anglo-Saxon works. In addition to the unjustified expansion of the list of terms, publications began to appear based on methodological guidelines that run counter to the ones of F. Perroux. In fact, the scientific direction has clearly fallen into the ‘fragmentation trap’. It also failed to form a set of more or less complete auxiliary theories that could form a ‘protective belt’ of the theory of polarized development. As a result, the original methodological basis (which can be characterized as heterodox) began to erode, including through studies using economic orthodoxy typical tools. The end result was a gradual decline in the interest of academic researchers in the original concept, and competing heterodox theories fell into the ‘centers of attention’
Approche interculturelle et perspective co-culturelle en français langue étrangère en contexte pédagogique hétéroglotte
Authors: Schmitt Francois
Published: April 2023

La didactique des langues propose deux modes principaux de gestion de l’altérité en classe. La première, l’approche interculturelle, est héritée de l’approche communicative et centrée sur la rencontre interculturelle. La seconde, la perspective co-culturelle, fondée sur l’élaboration d’une culture commune négociée entre représentants de cultures différentes, correspond aux approches de la culture selon la perspective actionnelle. L’article s’interroge sur la compatibilité de ces deux approches avec le contexte hétéroglotte d’enseignement des langues. En prenant pour point de départ la conception défendue par C. Puren d’une rupture conceptuelle du rapport à l’altérité entre, d’une part, l’approche interculturelle, et d’autre part, la perspective co-culturelle, il montre la difficile compatibilité de la perspective co-actionnel au contexte hétéroglotte du fait de l’absence de la présence réelle de l’altérité en classe. En l’absence d’une véritable réflexion de la didactique des langues sur le traitement de la culture en contexte pédagogique hétéroglotte, l’approche de la culture reste fondée sur la simulation en vue d’une préparation de l’apprenant à la rencontre réelle avec autrui hors de la classe.
Interkulturowość w wybranych podręcznikach do nauki włoskiego i angielskiego języka biznesu i ekonomii. Studium porównawcze
Authors: Ozimska Joanna
Published: April 2023

This article attempts to characterize three textbooks for learning the language of business and economics in terms of the presence of elements developing intercultural competences. Two textbooks for learning Italian and one for learning English were analyzed: (1) Italiano per economisti, (2) L'italiano in azienda, (3) Market Leader. Intermediate business English. The above-mentioned titles were published in the years 2002-2003, which allowed to eliminate possible differences resulting from the changing over time approach to the phenomenon of intercultural language education.                 
The aim of the study is to identify the elements developing intercultural competences, their qualitative and quantitative characteristics, to discuss the differences in the approach in Italian and English-language texts and to indicate the possibility of using selected solutions in the new teaching materials. This is important as research shows that contacts with foreign cultures alone do not naturally lead to the development of intercultural competence (Sobkowiak, 2015: 64, Budzanowska-Drzewiecka and Motyl-Adamczyk, 2016: 56).                   
The analysis covered non-verbal communication (gestures), stereotypes, proverbs and sayings, rules of linguistic politeness. From the glottodidactic point of view, the proposed types of exercises and the connection of (inter)cultural competences with other communicative competences will be analyzed.                   
The main hypothesis verified during the analyzes assumes that the concept of intercultural language education, although it does not appear as a notion on the pages of textbooks, is an important component of the didactic process in materials for learning the business language, and the approach to interculturality may differ depending on the target culture and status of the foreign language taught (Italian vs English, modern lingua franca).
Interkulturowa kompetencja komunikacyjna w nauczaniu akcentuacji języka rosyjskiego
Authors: Woch Joanna
Published: April 2023

Intercultural communicative competence in Russian word stress acquisition refers to effective and appropriate management of interaction in various conversational situations that require specific orthoepic habits in the area of contemporary Russian accentual system. Every natural communicative situation needs informal, spoken language rather that standard Russian taught in classroom environment. Therefore, contemporary spoken Russian with its accentual characteristics needs to be examined. The research conducted on the group of Russian, Belorussian and Ukrainian youtubers indicates that the analyzed speech contains some specific derivatives which are characteristic of colloquial Russian: semelfactive verbs and their past participle forms with stressed suffix -ну́(ть)/-ану́(ть), masculine derivatives with stressed suffix -о́с, neuter nouns with the suffix -ов(о)/-ев(о), masculine nouns with the stressed suffix -а́к/-я́к, -а́н/-я́н, -о́н, feminine nouns with an accented suffix -у́х(а)/-ю́х(а), deverbal nouns with suffix -ёж, diminutives with suffixes -чик, -у́шк(а)/-ю́шк(а), -а́шк(а)/-я́шк(а), relational adjectives with stressed suffix -о́в(ый). Furthermore, there is no significant difference between Ukrainian, Belorussian and Russian analyzed material in terms of accentuation apart from one tendency, which does not seem to appear in Russians’ speech. Ukrainians and Belorussians tend to stress root in short verbs of past tense feminine forms.
“Kongqi” Theory and the Aesthetic Spirit of Chinese Film
Authors: Li Daoxin
Published: April 2023

Based on the traditional Chinese “kong view” and “qi view” of classical literature and art, this article aims to further construct localized Chinese film theory, by combining methods and approaches to media archeology, and comparing Chinese and foreign literary aesthetics and film art poetics. The ancient Chinese word “dianying” (electric shadow) basically carries the same connotations as the modern word “cinema”, which is internally connected. The “kong view” (empty) and the “qi view” constitute the Chinese aesthetic foundation for the “kongqi” (atmosphere) theory of Chinese film. This theory has been nourished by western aesthetics since the 1920s, absorbing both film spirit theory and film art poetics. With exchanges and dialogues between ancient and modern language, and between China and other countries, this article examines the ways in which the “kongqi” (atmosphere) theory has nurtured a large number of outstanding Chinese film authors, and highlights the aesthetic spirit of “One World One Qi” that is perceived in Chinese films.
Some results for a p(x)-Kirchhoff type variation-inequality problems in non-divergence form
Authors: Dong Yan
Published: April 2023

The author of this article concerns with the existence, uniqueness, and stability of the weak solution to the variation-inequality problem. The Kirchhoff operator is a non-divergence form with space variable parameter. The existence of generalized solution is proved by the Leray-Schauder principle and parabolic regularization. The uniqueness and stability of the solution are also discussed by contradiction.
Homotopy cartesian squares in extriangulated categories
Authors: He Jing , Xie Chenbei , Zhou Panyue
Published: April 2023

Let

(

C
,
E
,
s

)

\left({\mathcal{C}},{\mathbb{E}},{\mathfrak{s}})

be an extriangulated category. Given a composition of two commutative squares in

C

{\mathcal{C}}

, if two commutative squares are homotopy cartesian, then their composition is also a homotopy cartesian square. This covers the result by Mac Lane [Categories for the Working Mathematician, Second edition, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, Vol. 5, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1998] for abelian categories and by Christensen and Frankland [On good morphisms of exact triangles, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 226 (2022), no. 3, 106846] for triangulated categories.
Crystal structure of tetrapropylammonium bicarbonate–1-(diaminomethylene)thiourea – water (2/2/1), C30H72N10O7S2
Authors: Zhang Lulu , Han Qianqian , Zhu Xin
Published: April 2023

C30H72N10O7S2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 8.75510(10) Å, b = 15.1170(2) Å, c = 16.8843(2) Å, α = 

76.272

(
1
)

°

$76.272(1){}^{\circ}$

, β = 

78.397

(
1
)

°

$78.397(1){}^{\circ}$

, γ = 

88.277

(
1
)

°

$88.277(1){}^{\circ}$

, V = 2126.09(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0407, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1282, T = 296(2) K.
Environmentally friendly bioameliorant to increase soil fertility and rice (Oryza sativa) production
Authors: Simarmata Tualar , Prayoga Muhamad Khais , Setiawati Mieke Rochimi , Adinata Kustiwa , Stӧber Silke
Published: April 2023

Soil nutrients can be reduced because of global climate change. This is because climate change causes high rainfall intensity and a prolonged dry season. Efforts to overcome this are fertilized using bioameliorants so that soil nutrients remain available for plants. Observations have been made from May to August 2018 at the JAMTANI Field Laboratory. The study used a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was a bioameliorant (P1 = goat manure 10 tons ha−1; P2 = goat manure 10 tons ha−1 + Azolla pinnata 10 tons ha−1; P3 = goat manure 10 tons ha−1 + Sesbania rostrata 2 tons ha−1; dan P4 = goat manure 10 tons ha−1 + A. pinnata 5 tons ha−1 + S. rostrata 1 tons ha−1) and the second factor was rice varieties (Ciherang and Mendawak). The application of bioameliorant increased C-organic of soil by 9.04% to 20.41% and soil nitrogen by 11.76% to 38.24%. The addition of bioameliorant did not cause differences in the weight of the plant between the Mendawak variety (61.34 g) and the Ciherang variety (56.96 g). The most efficient addition of bioameliorant is P3 (goat manure 10 tons ha−1 + S. rostrata 2 tons ha−1) with nutrient uptake efficiency value reaching 5.77%. The use of bioameliorant is expected to be able to substitute the use of inorganic fertilizers and increase rice production.
Vorbereitet auf die Zeitenwende?
Authors: Burilkov Alexandr , Rieck Christian E.
Published: April 2023

Kurzfassung

Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der Einsatzbereitschaft der Bundeswehr, sich an Auslandseinsätzen im gesamten Konfliktspektrum beteiligen zu können. Vor dem Hintergrund der „Zeitenwende“ werden drei Konflikte unterschiedlicher Intensität in der Ukraine, Afghanistan und Mali untersucht. Er bewertet sodann das Leistungspotenzial der Bundeswehr und gibt Empfehlungen für den Fähigkeitenaufbau: Neben der Modernisierung des Panzer- und Artilleriedispositivs fehlen vor allem Drohnen zur Fernaufklärung und als verharrende Waffen sowie eine wirksame Luftunterstützung – die jedoch in zwischenstaatlichen Konflikten hoher Intensität nur eingeschränkt einsetzbar sein wird.
Historische Esoterik als Erkenntnismethode. Wie russische Pseudo-Wissenschaftler zu Moskaus antiwestlicher Wende beigetragen haben
Authors: Umland Andreas
Published: April 2023

Kurzfassung

Eine Reihe parawissenschaftlicher Tendenzen in der russischen Sozialwissenschaft hat zur Vorbereitung des Ukraine-Krieges beigetragen. Neben den Propaganda- und Desinformationskampagnen des Kremls ist eine intellektuelle Deformation der russischen Elite durch manichäische Ideen von Theoretikern wie Lew Gumiljow und Alexander Dugin mitverantwortlich für die zunehmende Abspaltung Russlands von Europa. Spekulative, oft verschwörerische, teils okkultistische und rassistische Theorien haben den öffentlichen Diskurs im postsowjetischen Raum infiziert und ihre Verfechter haben anerkannte Sozialwissenschaftler und Historiker aus intellektuellen und medialen Debatten verdrängt. Dieser öffentliche Diskurs ist seit Beginn von Glasnost vor 35 Jahren zu beobachten und ein Bestimmungsfaktor für den russischen Angriff auf die Ukraine im Jahr 2014 geworden.
Welche Friedenslösungen für den Russland-Ukraine-Krieg? Gedanken zu Strategien des Friedenschließens
Authors: Heuser Beatrice
Published: April 2023

Kurzfassung

Vor allem in der deutschen Diskussion über Russlands Angriffskrieg gegen die Ukraine werden immer wieder Forderungen nach diplomatisch verhandelten Kompromissen zur Kriegsbeendigung laut. Verschiedene Möglichkeiten sind vorstellbar, doch hat keine das Potenzial, die Basis für einen halbwegs dauerhaften Friedensschluss zu bilden. Schaut man sich die Geschichte der Beendigung europäischer Kriege an, so zeigt sich, dass in der Konfrontation mit einem derart nationalistisch und kompromisslos auftretenden Akteur wie Russland der einzige Weg zu einem beständigen Frieden ein Regimewechsel ist. Dieser kann und darf nicht von außen bewirkt werden. Daher ist in diesem Fall eine Politik der Gegenmachtbildung des Westens vorerst die einzig verbleibende Strategie.
A kopernikuszi elmélet recepciója a német protestáns egyetemeken és a tudományos paradigma kuhni fogalmának korlátjai
Authors: Székely László
Published: April 2023

Thomas Kuhn tudományfilozófiájának recepciójával a tudományokról való magyar gondolkodás fölzárkózhatott a nemzetközi tendenciákhoz. Ugyanakkor Kuhn elméletének egy speciális, leegyszerűsített és kritikátlan megközelítése vált meghatározóvá, mely figyelmen kívül hagyva Kuhn későbbi korrekciós szándékát, az eredeti, 1962-es könyv koncepciójához ragaszkodott. Az ennek nyomán teret nyerő, sokszor radikális relativizmusba hajló tudományfölfogás nem csupán leegyszerűsítő, ideologikus képet nyújt a tudományokról, hanem egyúttal a tudományos paradigma eredeti kuhni elméletének néhány mozzanatához (így az összemérhetetlenséghez, a kölcsönös megértés nyelvi-fogalmi okok miatti hiányához, és a paradigmaváltás holista szemléletéhez) dogmatikusan ragaszkodva, blokkolja a tudománytörténet sokszínűségének föltárását, elvárva, hogy a tudománytörténeti események minden esetben szigorúan e fölfogásának és fogalmaknak megfelelően kerüljenek értelmezésre. E fölfogást bírálva előbb röviden vázoljuk a tudományos paradigma kuhni fogalmát, majd a kopernikuszi elmélet németországi recepciójával foglalkozó kutatások eredményeit fölhasználva bemutatjuk a ptolemaioszi és a kopernikuszi elmélet kuhni összevetésének tarthatatlanságát. Ennek során egyrészt jelezzük, hogy nem csupán a Kuhnra hivatkozó, de az általa elutasított radikális tudományfilozófiai relativizmus, hanem az eredeti kuhni paradigmaelmélet is alkalmatlan a Kopernikusz-recepció értelmezésére. Másrészt amellett érvelünk, hogy a tudományos paradigma kuhni fogalmának a diszciplináris mátrix eszméjét is fölhasználó, revidiált-strukturált, nem holista változata megfelelő teoretikus eszközt kínál a kopernikuszi recepció első, protestáns fázisának tárgyalására.
Megfigyelni, megnevezni, lejegyezni
Authors: Krász Lilla
Published: April 2023

A Habsburg kormányzati gyakorlatban az 1750-es évektől bekövetkezett léptékváltás részeként, egyik sikeres gyakorlóterepeként értelmezhetőek az előbb a Monarchia központjában, Bécsben, majd a birodalom központjától távolabb eső részekben is bevezetésre került átfogó egészségügyi reformprogram adminisztratív intézkedései. Ezen törekvések jegyében az egyes törvényhatóságok élén álló főorvosoknak saját működési területükön minden egészségüggyel kapcsolatos jelenségről megbízható adatokat kellett gyűjteniük, s azokat előre megadott szempontok alapján szükséges volt rendszerezniük. A rendszeres, specifikus adatgyűjtés, az adatok különböző, időben változó vizualizációs médiumok (folyó szöveg, kérdőívek, táblázatok) segítségével történő rendszerezése lehetővé tette a központi kormányzat számára az ily módon előállított és rendelkezésre álló információkban rejlő, jellemzően rövid, tényszerű, konkrét, aktuális, szinoptikus tudásanyag birodalmi (Udvari Kancellária, bécsi egyetem orvosi fakultása) és regionális (Helytartótanács, nagyszombati, budai majd pesti egyetem orvosi fakultása) „tudásközpontokban” való felhalmozását, szűrését, értelmezését, az ítéletalkotást és a döntéshozatalt. Tanulmányunkban a módszerként, empirikus megismerési gyakorlatként, minőségbiztosítási „intézményként” és a hálózatképzés eszközeként egyaránt értelmezhető egészségügyi jelentésírásnak a magyarországi működését, összetett funkcióit, a korabeli tudományosságban betöltött szerepét a jelentések részét képező járványos és népbetegségek regisztrálásának példáján keresztül mutatjuk be.
Fizikai forradalom a kémiában: a Bohr-féle atommodell megalkotása
Authors: Lente Gábor
Published: April 2023

A róla elnevezett atommodell alapjait Niels Bohr három, 1913-ban megjelent cikkben publikálta. A jelen munka azt vizsgálja, hogy az ezekben megjelent nevezetes posztulátumoknak milyen előzményei voltak, illetve a természettudomány fejlődése során milyen kísérleti információk igazolták őket később. Az atommag körül keringő elektron létezését kimondó posztulátum ellentmondott ugyan az 1913-ban már jól ismert, a klasszikus elektrodinamika alapját jelentő, a keringő elektron esetében elektromágneses sugárzás kibocsátását megkövetelő Maxwell-egyenleteknek, de valójában csupán az addigra már jól megalapozott kísérleti információk következményeit mondta ki. A kvantumposztulátum jelentette a modell valódi újdonságát és értékét, mert erre alapozva a hidrogénatom kísérletileg jól ismert színképét elméleti úton is pontosan előre lehetett jelezni. Bohr ezen posztulátum megalapozására eredetileg az elektron körmozgási frekvenciája és a keletkező elektromágneses sugárzás frekvenciája között tételezett fel kapcsolatot, de ennek hasznosságát elsősorban az igazolta, hogy a belőle levont következtetések egyeztek a kísérleti megfigyelésekkel. A kvantumposztulátum fizikai háttérét csak később, egymástól viszonylag távol álló jelenségek révén sikerült tisztázni: ebben komoly szerepe volt a hullám-részecske kettősség megértésének, a fizikai mennyiségek közötti, kvantummechanikai határozatlansági relációk felismerésének, illetve annak a ténynek, hogy a foton impulzusmomentumáról kísérletileg sikerült bizonyítani, hogy az energiájától független, állandó érték. Az 1913-ban, pusztán egy modell kidolgozása céljából megfogalmazott feltételezések így lényegében a fizika későbbi fejlődését előlegezték meg egy pontos matematikai formába öntött egyenlet alakjában.
Prinz Gyula Pécsett
Authors: Dövényi Zoltán
Published: April 2023

Prinz Gyula (1882–1973) több szempontból is sajátos helyet foglal el a hazai geográfiában. Ezek közül nem a legfontosabb ugyan, de témánk miatt említést érdemel, hogy professzorként ő tanított a legtöbb egyetemen, illetve egyetemi városban. 1918 márciusában lett egyetemi tanár a pozsonyi Erzsébet Tudományegyetemen. Mivel azonban a trianoni országcsonkítás következtében koronázó városunk az országhatáron kívülre került, az egyetem ideiglenesen Budapesten folytatta működését, így Prinz Gyula is itt folytatta professzori ténykedését. Az Erzsébet Tudományegyetem 1923-ban került Pécsre, s jött vele Prinz professzor is. 1940 őszén újabb váltás, Pécsről átkerült Kolozsvárra. Itt alig melegedett meg, amikor négy évvel később már Szegeden folytatta működését és innen ment nyugdíjba 1958-ban, 76 évesen.
A jelen tanulmány elsődleges célja Prinz Gyula Pécsett töltött 17 évének néhány szempont alapján történő bemutatása. Amire egyáltalán nem vállalkozunk, az a professzor tudományos munkásságának bemutatása és értékelése. Erre már csak azért sem vállalkozhatunk, mert Prinz hatalmas életműve nemcsak a geográfiát, hanem a földtudományok számos más területét is átfogta, de legalábbis érintette. Teljes joggal lehet őt az utolsó magyar geopolihisztornak nevezni.
Cognitive Load Can Reduce Reason-Giving in a Moral Dumbfounding Task
Authors: McHugh Cillian , McGann Marek , Igou Eric R. , Kinsella Elaine L.
Published: April 2023

Moral dumbfounding occurs when people defend a moral judgment, without reasons in support of this judgment. The phenomenon has been influential in moral psychology, however, despite its influence, it remains poorly understood. Based on the notion that cognitive load enhances biases and shortcomings in human judgment when elaboration is beneficial, we hypothesized that under cognitive load, people would be less likely to provide reasons for a judgment and more likely to be dumbfounded (or to change their judgment). In a pre-registered study (N = 1686) we tested this prediction. Our findings suggest that cognitive load reduces reason-giving, and increases dumbfounding (but does not lead to changes in judgments). Our results provide new insights into the phenomenon of moral dumbfounding while also advancing theory in moral psychology.
In Myanmar, Generation Z Goes to War
Authors: Loong Shona
Published: April 2023

Days after Myanmar’s February 2021 coup, young people took to the streets. The protests were tongue-in-cheek at first, but soon gave way to a grave civil war. Understanding this shift from nonviolent protests to armed resistance requires shedding two frames that have been applied to Myanmar in the past: those of liberal democracy and state failure. Doing so brings into focus how, to an extent unprecedented in Myanmar, the anti-coup movement is challenging entrenched divides between “democracy” and “ethnonationalism,” and between “conflict” and “politics.”
What Lies Beneath Pakistan’s Disastrous Floods
Authors: Mohmand Shandana Khan , Loureiro Miguel , Sida Lewis
Published: April 2023

The 2022 floods that affected 33 million people in Pakistan resulted from a confluence of factors. The nation is highly vulnerable to climate change, which requires international action. But internal governance reforms are needed to improve the state’s ability to help citizens recover from the floods and better prepare for future natural disasters. Pakistan has mismanaged its natural resources and is mired in economic and political crises. In rural areas, colonial-era patterns persist in unequal control over land and water. Though some lessons were learned from major 2010 floods, the latest disaster response revealed a need for improving coordination across different levels of government and engaging with civil society.
India’s Heritage Conflicts Come to Varanasi
Authors: Kanungo Pralay
Published: April 2023

India’s ruling Hindu nationalist party is pursuing a campaign to revise history and remove historic Islamic monuments from cities like Varanasi, known for its multicultural fabric.
Prevention of Prerequisites for Spelling Disorders in Children with Speech Underdevelopment
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Kovrigina Larisa V.
Published: April 2023

Among the topical issues of modern Russian speech therapy, a special place is occupied by the study of the problem of specific school failure (dysorphography), the study of which is objectified by an increasing number of students who are unable to fully assimilate the spelling norms of Russian writing. The problem of dysorphography is realized by speech therapists not only at the stage of school education, when the violation of the spelling norm formation process becomes obvious, but also at the stage of the formation of written speech, when we can talk about a propaedeutic approach to identifying and preventing this problem. In modern Russian speech therapy, the concept of writing is considered as a complex conscious form of speech and speech activity. The whole way of mastering speech forms in children as a practical awareness of not only the sound form of the word, but also the practical mastery of lexico-semantic and lexico-morphological representations, which are the most important prerequisites for a child’s readiness to learn spelling and grammar of writing. The purpose of this study is to identify the mechanisms of the unavailability of children with speech underdevelopment to master the basic prerequisites of orthographically literate writing and ways to prevent them.
In Vitro Mutagenesis of Dendrobium gabriella suryajaya Using Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) and Plantlet Regeneration
Authors: Martha Khairana Millennia , Dewanti Parawita , Restanto Didik Pudji , Ratnasari Tri , Alfian Firdha Narulita
Published: April 2023

Plant breeding through mutation techniques has the main purpose to explore genetic diversity in the presence of useful traits for developing new plants. Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) is a widely used chemical to induce mutations in plants focused on obtaining genetic variation. EMS can induce random points of mutations and some of which can create new stop codons in the desired gene. EMS has been successfully used to generate morphological diversity and encourage the improvement of desired traits. The 3-month-old Dendrobium gabriella suryajaya Orchid protocorm-like bodies (PLB) treatment with EMS concentrations of 0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.075% can change genetic diversity, especially in leaf morphology. A total of 105 orchids were soaked in EMS solution at concentrations for 12 and 24 hours respectively. The phenotypic variations observed in this population include changes in leaf color and the number of buds. This EMS mutant population will be used for further studies including screening for various traits such as through ISSR analysis to determine the level of diversity. This research shows that mutagenesis using EMS can produce the amount of variability in Dendrobium. The generation of variability for desired traits resulted in the identification of several mutants with important agronomic characteristics that can be used as germplasm for improvement.
Genetic variants and risk of endocrine autoimmunity in relatives of patients with Addison’s disease
Authors: Fichna Marta , Małecki Piotr P , Żurawek Magdalena , Furman Katarzyna , Gębarski Bolesław , Fichna Piotr , Ruchała Marek
Published: April 2023

Since individuals with Addison’s disease (AD) present considerable co-occurrence of additional autoimmune conditions, clustering of autoimmunity was also predicted among their relatives. The study was aimed to assess circulating autoantibodies in first-degree relatives of patients with AD and to correlate them with the established genetic risk factors (PTPN22 rs2476601, CTLA4 rs231775, and BACH2 rs3757247). Antibodies were evaluated using validated commercial assays, and genotyping was performed using TaqMan chemistry. The studied cohort comprised 112 female and 75 male relatives. Circulating autoantibodies were found in 69 relatives (36.9%). Thyroid autoantibodies, that is antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (aTPO) and thyroglobulin (aTg), were detectable in 25.1 and 17.1% relatives, respectively. Antibodies to 21-hydroxylase (a21OH) were found in 5.8% individuals, and beta cell-specific antibodies to ZnT8, GAD, and IA2 were found in 7.5, 8.0, and 2.7%, respectively. The prevalence of a21OH (P = 0.0075; odds ratio (OR) 7.68; 95% CI 1.903–36.0), aTPO (P < 0.0001; OR 3.85; 95% CI 1.873–7.495), and aTg (P < 0.0001; OR 7.73; 95% CI 3.112–19.65), as well as aGAD (P = 0.0303; OR 3.38; 95% CI 1.180–9.123) and aZnT8 (P = 0.032; OR 6.40; 95% CI 1.846–21.91), was significantly increased in carriers of rs2476601 T allele. Moreover, T allele appeared to be a risk factor for multiple circulating autoantibody specificities (P = 0.0009; OR 5.79; 95% CI 1.962–15.81). None of the studied autoantibodies demonstrated significant association with rs231775 in CTLA4 (P > 0.05), and only weak association was detected between BACH2 rs3757247 and circulating aTPO (P = 0.0336; OR 2.12; 95%CI 1.019–4.228). In conclusion, first-degree relatives of patients with AD, carriers of the PTPN22 rs2476601 T allele, are at particular risk of developing autoantibodies to endocrine antigens.
Management of Post-Traumatic Sternal Fractures in a West African Country: the Case of Niger
Authors: Sani Rabiou , Dalatou Mahamadou Habibou , Alzouma Ibrahim Issoufou , Akoke Farid Aboubacar , Mohamed Abdoulwahab
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Traumatic fractures of the sternum are relatively rare injuries and occur against the backdrop of high-energy chest trauma. The severity of these lesions is mainly related to their association with life-threatening cardiovascular lesions. Their treatment is mostly conservative. The aim of this work is to report the results of the management of post-traumatic fractures of the sternum in Niger. Patients and methods: a 27-month retrospective study involving 9 patients with a post-traumatic fracture of the sternum treated at the thoracic surgery department of the General
Reference Hospital of Niamey. 8 of these patients were treated with conservative methods and 1 benefited from osteosynthesis by a screwed ankle plate adapted to the sternum. Results: The mean age of patients was 41.78 years (14 to 60 years). The male sex was predominant with 7 cases or 77.77%. Public road traffic is the most common occurrence circumstance found in 88.9% of cases. Symptomatology was dominated by presternal chest pain. The site of the fracture was at the level of the manubrium in 66.6% of cases and the most common type of fracture was the simple fracture in 55,56 of cases. Pulmonary contusion and hemothorax were the most associated lesions with respectively 44.4% each. There was 1 case of death in the context of polytrauma. Conclusion:  Post-traumatic fractures of the sternum are rare and potentially serious, requiring multidisciplinary management.
Phytochemical analysis and insecticidal activities of seed extracts from Oenanthe pimpinelloides L. treated paper samples vs. Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Dal Ahsen Ezel Bildik , Ozdemir Ayşe Daut , Gucus Mehmet Onurhan , Herouini Amel , Kemassi Abdellah
Published: April 2023

The utilization of plant extraction products from Oeneanthe pimpinelloides (Apiaceae family) seeds were investigated in terms of their use as an insecticide control of packaging materials. The aim was to investigate their insecticidal effects against the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. The Oeneanthe pimpinelloides seeds were extracted with methanol. By using the liquid-liquid extraction method, the hexane extract (II) was separated from the methanol extract (I) and hexane and methanol were evaporated. Then, the chemical composition of each sample was determined via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The methanol extract predominantly contained tetrahydrofuran, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-methoxy, 2-butoxyethanol, 1-phenylethanone, cyclohexene carboxylate derivative, (3-phenyl-2-propynylidene) cyclopropane, diphenyldiazene, and dihydroxypropyl ester components, while the hexane fraction contained nonane, 1-octanol, decane, undecane, tridecane, alkyl benzene, benzene sulfonic acid, benzoxazine, and hexadecanoic acid components, as well as some derivatives of them. Each fraction was dissolved in DMSO for impregnation on filter paper. The insecticide effects of the paper samples were determined against Tribolium castneum. According to the results, the mortality started after 3 d for each fraction. After 4 d, the hexane fraction indicated total mortality in comparison with the methanol fraction, which showed partial mortality (3/5).
Neinvazinių ir minimaliai invazinių bei molekulinių diagnostikos metodų taikymas tiriant įgimtas obstrukcines uropatijas
Authors:   , Kazlauskas Vytis
Published: April 2023

The role of non-invasive, minimally invasive and molecular methods in the diagnosis of congenital obstructive uropathies
Assessment of the environmental radiological impact in the emergency exposure phase through the simulation of a uranium mining tailings dam breach
Authors: Lamour R. J. A. , Wasserman M. A. V. , Rochedo E. R. R. , Lugon Junior J.
Published: April 2023

This work is aiming at estimating the radiation doses to members of the public in case of an emergency exposure situation related to a hypothetical uranium mining tailings dam rupture at the UDC - Decommissioning Unit of Caldas, MG, Brazil. The calculations will help to managing the exposures of emergency workers and residents in the region downstream the dam. The computer code chosen to perform the simulations was FLO-2D@ software. Due to the uncertainties involved, mainly regarding the waste rheology and activity concentrations and in parameters values to be used in the dose assessment, considerations were made for the study to present results derived from conservative assumptions. Through the creation of flood maps, it was possible to estimate the extent of the areas affected by the released materials. The results showed that in a scenario of the tailings dam breach, deposition of mud shall extend over 20 km downstream affecting an area of nearly 3 km2. Total dose for a member of the public living in most affected areas would be around 43 mSv/y in the early phase after the accident. Although only shielding would be recommended under current radiation protection regulation, evacuation/relocation is suggested due to the presence of long-lived radionuclides. This protective measure would probably already be indicated by the accident itself, regardless of radiological reasons. More realistic assessment should be performed before returning people, considering long-term environmental transport and uses of the area. It must also be considered that long-term exposures have more restricted recommended acceptable levels than those for the emergency phase.
Effect of the obese phenotype on expression of hepatic T4–5’ deiodinase activity, T3 generation and thyroidal mediated actions in congenic LA/Ntul//–cprats
Authors: Tulp Orien L
Published: April 2023

Parameters of thyroidal responses to diet and environment have long been shown to be impaired in the obese phenotype of the LA/Ntul//–cp rat. To characterize the effect of expression of the obese phenotype on activity of maximum T4–5’ deiodinase (T4–DI) activity on adiposity and aspects of metabolism, groups of lean and obese littermates were subjected to measures of resting metabolic rate (RMR, VO2) at thermal neutrality (30°C) after a brief fast, followed by dose response Norepinephrine (NE) stimulation. Hepatic T4–DI activity represents a major source of hormonally active T3 in plasma and is readily delivered to peripheral tissues. At 16 weeks of age animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, blood was collected, and liver tissue was dissected for measures of serum levels of T3 and T4, and measures of maximal tissue dithiolthreitol (DTT)–stimulated T4–DI activity determined. The retroperitoneal and dorsal white adipose (WAT) depots were also dissected to estimate the magnitude of adiposity present upon sacrifice in each phenotype. Measures of RMR and the VO2 response to NE were greater in lean than obese phenotype, and indicators of BW and adiposity were much greater in obese than lean (p=<0.01). Measures of serum T3 were greater in lean than obese, but T4 was similar in both phenotypes. Measures of the rate of hepatic T4 DI activity were greater in lean than obese (p=<0.05), and the T1/2 for T4 disappearance were also prolonged in the obese phenotype. These results are consistent with other studies of impaired nonshivering thermogenesis in this strain, and suggest that decreased activity of hepatic T4–5’ deiodinase activity may be a contributing factor in the impaired capacity for nonshivering thermogenesis and excess fat accretion in the obese phenotype of this strain.
Multiplication effects of investment in a publicly significant infrastructure project
Authors:   State Institution “Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine”, Nykyforuk Olena , Kucher Serhii ,   PrJSC "Ukrhydroenergo", Stasiuk Ol'ha ,   State Institution “Itnstitute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine”, Fediai Nataliia ,   State Institution “Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine”S
Published: April 2023

The article features results of the assessment of the multiplier effects for the national economy from the implementation of construction project of the first stage of production facility of the Dniester HPP for the period 2010-2019. For this purpose, macroeconomic statistics were processes, on whose basis an information system of primary and calculated indicators was created using the data from the project documentation, which became the basis for calculations. A methodological approach was developed to assess multiplier effects at the macroeconomic level using the input-output balance, which is reflected in the symmetrical "input-output" table. The authors highlight the main indicators, through which the impact of the implementation of the construction project of the Dniester HPP on Ukraine’s economy is manifested, and which allow assessing its socio-economic significance: the multiplier of the output growth of the economic activity "Construction" at the expense of project investments, the GVA multiplier for all economic activities from project investments, and the GDP multiplier (public expenditure multiplier). According to the implemented approach, multiplier effects for the economy are calculated via additional output growth, additional value added growth, and GDP growth on project investments. Based on the obtained results, it is proved that: 1) the implementation of the construction project of the first stage of the production facility of the Dniester HPP had made it possible to accumulate a multiplier effect for Ukraine’s economy, confirming in practice the theory of multiplier effects and proving the efficiency of public capital investments; 2) to the greatest extent, the multiplier effect from the additional investment growth in this project is generated within the economic activity "Construction", which is explained by increased demand for domestically produced construction products.
Conceptual Provisions for Insuring Cybersecurity of the Energy Industry of Ukraine
Authors:   G.E. Pukhov Institute for Modelling in Energy Engineering   National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Khydyntsev M.M.
Published: April 2023

The spheres of cybersecurity (ensuring cybersecurity), as well as the functioning and protection of critical infrastructure and its objects in Ukraine, are defined by the Cybersecurity Strategy of Ukraine (2016), the laws of Ukraine "On the Basic Principles of Cybersecurity of Ukraine" (2017) and "About Critical Infrastructure" (2021). The formation and implementation of state policy in the mentioned spheres, and planning and execution of related measures by cybersecurity entities and critical infrastructure facilities take place at the regulatory, organizational, and technical levels. The work is devoted to the analysis of the state of regulatory provision of information security, cybersecurity, cyber protection, the creation and functioning of the national system of critical infrastructure in Ukraine, the practice of applying the provisions of the relevant regulatory and administrative documents by the subjects of cybersecurity, as well as the development of the main conceptual provisions of cybersecurity, which systematize the use of forces (means) and the implementation of security measures at the regulatory, organizational and technical levels, in energy (fuel and energy) sector of the state’s critical infrastructure for 3 years and determining the principles of forming priority approaches and measures to increase the level of cybersecurity of the energy industry.
Economic Analysis of Electric Energy Storage Technologies
Authors:   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Kobernyk V.V.
Published: April 2023

The use of cost-effective large-scale electrical energy storage systems is necessary for the reliability of the power system due to the rapid growth of its production by powerful renewable energy sources. The article examines stationary electric energy storage devices, namely: sodium-sulfur; lead-acid; lithium-ion; nickel-cadmium; vanadium reduction, polysulfide-bromine and zinc-bromine flow batteries; supercapacitors; superconducting magnetic energy. Information from open sources on technologies of electric energy storage has been analyzed. As a criterion of optimality in world practice, the weighted average cost of electric energy for the life cycle is used, which ensures the self-sufficiency of the source of its production or accumulation for the entire cycle of its existence. A comparison of modern technical and economic indicators of various electrical energy storage technologies is made. Calculated average cost of electrical energy storage over the life cycle (LCOS) of various storage devices. It was determined that supercapacitors and superconductors of magnetic energy have the lowest cost of storage, and lithium-ion ones have the highest. Therefore, to minimize short-term power fluctuations in power systems, superconducting magnetic and supercapacitor storage devices are preferable. They have a lower cost of electric energy storage, short response time and high specific power.