bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ponasterone A and F, Ecdysteroids from the Arctic Bryozoan Alcyonidium gelatinosum
Authors: Hansen Kine Østnes , Isaksson Johan , Glomsaker Eirin , Andersen Jeanette Hammer , Hansen Espen
Published: June 2018

A new ecdysteroid, ponasterone F (1) and the previously reported compound ponasterone A (2) were isolated from specimens of the Arctic marine bryozoan Alcyonidium gelatinosum collected at Hopenbanken, off the coast of Edgeøya, Svalbard. The structure of 1 was elucidated, and the structure of 2 confirmed by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR and analysis of HR-MS data. The compounds were evaluated for their ability to affect bacterial survival and cell viability, as well as their agonistic activities towards the estrogen receptors α and β. The compounds were not active in these assays. Compound 2 is an arthropod hormone controlling molting and are known to act as an allelochemical when produced by plants. Even though its structure has been previously reported, this is the first time a ponasterone has been isolated from a bryozoan. A. gelatinosum produced 1 and 2 in concentrations surpassing those expected of hormonal molecules, indicating their function as defence molecules against molting predators. This work adds to the chemical diversity reported from marine bryozoans and expanded our knowledge of the chemical modifications of the ponasterones.
TinajAR: An Edutainment Augmented Reality Mirror for the Dissemination and Reinterpretation of Cultural Heritage
Authors: Martínez Bibiana , Casas Sergio , Vidal-González María , Vera Lucía , García-Pereira Inma
Published: June 2018

The use of augmented reality (AR) in cultural heritage (CH) applications opens a whole set of possibilities, including the virtual transformation of CH elements. This paper presents TinajAR, a mirror-based AR application designed to serve both as an edutainment application in the field of CH and also as an artistic expression. As an edutainment application, TinajAR features a multi-marker video-based AR application designed to show virtual ceramic pieces and explain the pottery process through virtual avatars. As an artistic expression, TinajAR seeks to reinterpret an ancient type of cellar called calado, which was used in the past for storing wine in northern Spain. The reinterpretation consists in giving a different but meaningful use to the space. TinajAR was used by around 1800 people during a ceramics exhibition in La Rioja, Spain and was assessed at the satisfaction level with 56 users by means of a system usability scale, giving very satisfactory results.
Estimation of Tri-Axial Walking Ground Reaction Forces of Left and Right Foot from Total Forces in Real-Life Environments
Authors: Shahabpoor Erfan , Pavic Aleksandar
Published: June 2018

Continuous monitoring of natural human gait in real-life environments is essential in many applications including disease monitoring, rehabilitation, and professional sports. Wearable inertial measurement units are successfully used to measure body kinematics in real-life environments and to estimate total walking ground reaction forces GRF(t) using equations of motion. However, for inverse dynamics and clinical gait analysis, the GRF(t) of each foot is required separately. Using an experimental dataset of 1243 tri-axial separate-foot GRF(t) time histories measured by the authors across eight years, this study proposes the ‘Twin Polynomial Method’ (TPM) to estimate the tri-axial left and right foot GRF(t) signals from the total GRF(t) signals. For each gait cycle, TPM fits polynomials of degree five, eight, and nine to the known single-support part of the left and right foot vertical, anterior-posterior, and medial-lateral GRF(t) signals, respectively, to extrapolate the unknown double-support parts of the corresponding GRF(t) signals. Validation of the proposed method both with force plate measurements (gold standard) in the laboratory, and in real-life environment showed a peak-to-peak normalized root mean square error of less than 2.5%, 6.5% and 7.5% for the estimated GRF(t) signals in the vertical, anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions, respectively. These values show considerable improvement compared with the currently available GRF(t) decomposition methods in the literature.
Processing Ultrasonic Data by Coda Wave Interferometry to Monitor Load Tests of Concrete Beams
Authors: Niederleithinger Ernst , Wang Xin , Herbrand Martin , Müller Matthias
Published: June 2018

Ultrasonic transmission measurements have been used for decades to monitor concrete elements, mostly on a laboratory scale. Recently, coda wave interferometry (CWI), a technique adapted from seismology, was introduced to civil engineering experiments. It can be used to reveal subtle changes in concrete laboratory samples and even large structural elements without having a transducer directly at the place where the change is taking place. Here, several load tests until failure on large posttensioned concrete beams have been monitored using networks of embedded transducers. To detect subtle effects at the beginning of the experiments and cope with severe changes due to cracking close to failure, the coda wave interferometry procedures had to be modified to an adapted step-wise approach. Using this methodology, we were able to monitor stress distribution and localize large cracks by a relatively simple technique. Implementation of this approach on selected real structures might help to make decisions in infrastructure asset management.
Green City Concept and a Method to Measure Green City Performance over Time Applied to Fifty Cities Globally: Influence of GDP, Population Size and Energy Efficiency
Authors: Brilhante Ogenis , Klaas Jannes
Published: June 2018

There are many concepts and methods trying to accommodate the growth of cities without impairing sustainability. However, most are too complex, cannot measure green performance over time and fail to deliver actionable advice to decision-makers. The Green City Concept (GCC) is one of the latest of these concepts. This paper introduces a Green City Conceptual Framework (IHS-GCCF) and a harmonized method to measure Global Green City Performance over time (GGCPI). The IHS-GCCF highlights the importance of energy as a steward of resource efficiency and green performance. IHS-GCCF and GGCPI can be used to measure green performance, to explain possible factors influencing the calculated green performances over time, set targets and track achievements. They are adaptable to individual city needs. By applying the method to fifty cities worldwide through desk research, the paper shows that a green city is also sustainable and liveable. It also shows that GDP influences Green City Performances positively, population size influences it negatively and sanitation and air quality sectors influence green city performance the most. The paper addresses a range of gaps in the green city field. It consolidates prior research into one actionable conceptual framework and method.
Marketing Approaches for a Circular Economy: Using Design Frameworks to Interpret Online Communications
Authors: Chamberlin Lucy , Boks Casper
Published: June 2018

The Circular Economy has been posited as a solution to the rise of environmental decimation with growing global economic prosperity, by introducing new systems of production, consumption, and disposal. Current literature has explored circular economy business models, such as product service systems (PSSs), and has identified some issues that represent both behavioral barriers and motivating factors when it comes to consumer acceptance of these new models. However, there are few studies that incorporate a marketing and communications perspective on the circular economy or which focus on the ways in which businesses providing circular products or services currently use communications to market their offerings and influence consumer behavior. This paper represents an initial, exploratory study that identifies ten groups of concerns or ‘factors’ from the literature that affect consumer acceptance of circular value propositions. It then uses two models from the field of design (Dimensions of Behavior Change and Design with Intent) to interpret examples of web communications from four retailers of circular products and services, and to suggest future marketing and communications strategies for use in business and research. It finds that design frameworks can provide a relevant and comprehensive means to analyze marketing strategies and suggest less binary approaches than for instance green marketing.
The Promotion of Environmental Management in the South Korean Health Sector—Case Study
Authors: Kim Jong-Ryool , Jeon Eui-Chan , Cho Seongmoon , Kim Hana
Published: June 2018

Because of the comprehensiveness and urgency of environmental challenges, every stakeholder needs to be engaged in reducing environmental impacts. The healthcare sector has rarely been studied, despite its intense effects on the environment, particularly through generating various forms of hazardous waste and intensively consuming energy and water. Many healthcare facilities exist in South Korea, and every citizen frequently visits hospitals thanks to the convenient system. To reduce the environmental impacts of the healthcare sector, the South Korean government has implemented various policy measures aimed at promoting environmental management in that sector. This study evaluated the eco-efficiencies of 21 hospitals from 2012 to 2015 using data envelopment assessment (DEA), used the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to analyze hospital staff members’ answers to a questionnaire asking about the relative importance and performance of individual environmental management tasks, and also identified environmental management tasks that should be prioritized by building an importance-performance analysis (IPA) matrix using those questionnaire responses. This study found that eco-efficiencies have improved during the period, and that mandatory policy measures were more effective than voluntary agreements for improving eco-efficiency. This implies that rigorous reporting and monitoring should be implemented along with any voluntary agreement. In addition, this study found that the top priorities are “establishment of vision and strategy for environmental management” and “organization of task team for environmental management and task assignment”. This shows the necessity of additional policy measures, such as training or consulting to promote the priorities. In addition to policy recommendations for diffusing environmental management in the South Korean healthcare sector, the methodological approach sheds light for researchers interested in environmental management in the healthcare sector because previous studies depended on qualitative approaches, particularly case studies.
Sustainability of University Technology Transfer: Mediating Effect of Inventor’s Technology Service
Authors: Li Fang , Zhang Sheng , Jin Yuhuan
Published: June 2018

Based on the perspective of knowledge transfer and the technology acceptance model (TAM), this paper constructs a university technology transfer sustainable development model that considers the inventor’s technology service from the perspective of the long-term cooperation of enterprise, and analyzes the mediating effect of the inventor’s technology service on university technology transfer sustainability. By using 270 questionnaires as survey data, it is found that the availability of an inventor’s technology service has a significant positive impact on the attitude tendency and practice tendency of enterprise long-term technological cooperation; enterprise technology absorption capacity and trust between a university and an enterprise also have significant influence on an inventor’s technical service availability. Therefore, the inventor’s technology service acts as a mediator in the relationship between university technology transfer sustainability and influence factors. Universities ought to establish the technology transfer model, which focuses on the inventor’s tacit knowledge transfer service, and promotes the sustainable development of the university.
The Prospective of Nuclear Power in China
Authors: Xu Yan , Kang Junjie , Yuan Jiahai
Published: June 2018

From scratch to current stage, China’s nuclear power technology has experienced rapid development, and now China has begun to export nuclear power technology. As a kind of highly efficient and clean energy source, nuclear energy is also a priority option to solve energy crisis, replace traditional fossil fuels and reduce air pollution. By analyzing the short-term and long-term development trend of nuclear power in China, the paper has reached the following conclusions: (1) Under the current situation of excess supply, due to high investment cost of first-kind reactors, the decline of utilization hours and the additional cost of ancillary service obligations, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of the third generation nuclear power will significantly increase, and the internal rate of return (IRR) will significantly fall. In the short term, market competitiveness of nuclear power will be a major problem, which affects investment enthusiasm. (2) With technology learning of third generation technology, the LCOE of nuclear power will be competitive with that of coal power in 2030. (3) The CO2 emissions reduction potential of nuclear power is greater than coal power with CCS and the avoided CO2 costs of nuclear power is much lower. Therefore, nuclear power is an important option for China’s long-term low-carbon energy system transition. The paper proposes to subsidize the technical learning costs of new technology through clean technology fund at the early commercialization stage. When designing power market rules, the technical characteristics of nuclear power should be fully considered to ensure efficient operation of nuclear power.
Computer Assisted Learning: Assessment of the Veterinary Virtual Anatomy Education Software IVALA™
Authors: Little William Brady , Artemiou Elpida , Conan Anne , Sparks Cathryn
Published: June 2018

Although cadaveric dissection has historically been the cornerstone of anatomical education, it comes at the cost of some emotional, moral, safety, and environmental concerns. Computer assisted learning (CAL) programs are an increasingly common solution to these issues; however, research regarding the efficacy of high fidelity simulation is limited. The traditional first semester veterinary gross anatomy course curriculum at Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine (RUSVM) was supplemented with a web based virtual anatomy program, IVALA™ (www.ivalalearn.com). The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between supplementary use of the IVALA™ program and student examination scores, and to measure student perception surrounding IVALA™. IVALA™ uses an interactive virtual canine specimen that enables students to identify, move, rotate, magnify, and remove individual anatomic structures while providing a text description of each selected anatomic point. Fifty-six first semester RUSVM students who supplemented their anatomic learning with the IVALA™ program performed significantly higher on examinations compared to students (n = 123) that did not (p = 0.003). Students’ overall perception toward IVALA™ was enjoyable (mean = 3.8 out of a 5-point Likert scale) and beneficial to their knowledge of anatomy (mean = 3.7); however, students did not support replacing cadaveric dissection with CAL (mean = 2.1). CAL can effectively supplement learning outcomes for veterinary anatomy.
Tunable fractional Fourier transform implementation of electronic wave functions in atomically thin materials
Authors: Dragoman Daniela
Published: June 2018

A tunable fractional Fourier transform of the quantum wave function of electrons satisfying either the Schrödinger or the Dirac equation can be implemented in an atomically thin material by a parabolic potential distribution applied on a direction transverse to that of electron propagation. The difference between the propagation lengths necessary to obtain a fractional Fourier transform of a given order in these two cases could be seen as a manifestation of the Berry phase. The Fourier transform of the electron wave function is a particular case of the fractional Fourier transform. If the input and output wave functions are discretized, this configuration implements in one step the discrete fractional Fourier transform, in particular the discrete Fourier transform, and thus can act as a coprocessor in integrated logic circuits.
GalMod: A Galactic Synthesis Population Model
Authors: Pasetto Stefano , Grebel Eva K. , Chiosi Cesare , Crnojević Denija , Zeidler Peter , Busso Giorgia , Cassarà Letizia P. , Piovan Lorenzo , Tantalo Rosaria , Brogliato Claudio
Published: June 2018

We present a new Galaxy population synthesis Model, GalMod. GalMod is a star-count model featuring an asymmetric bar/bulge as well as spiral arms and related extinction. The model, initially introduced in Pasetto et al., has been here completed with a central bar, a new bulge description, new disk vertical profiles, and several new bolometric corrections. The model can generate synthetic mock catalogs of visible portions of the Milky Way, external galaxies like M31, or N-body simulation initial conditions. At any given time, e.g., at a chosen age of the Galaxy, the model contains a sum of discrete stellar populations, namely the bulge/bar, disk, and halo. These populations are in turn the sum of different components: the disk is the sum of the spiral arms, thin disks, a thick disk, and various gas components, while the halo is the sum of a stellar component, a hot coronal gas, and a dark-matter component. The Galactic potential is computed from these population density profiles and used to generate detailed kinematics by considering up to the first four moments of the collisionless Boltzmann equation. The same density profiles are then used to define the observed color–magnitude diagrams in a user-defined field of view (FoV) from an arbitrary solar location. Several photometric systems have been included and made available online, and no limits on the size of the FoV are imposed thus allowing full-sky simulations, too. Finally, we model the extinction by adopting a dust model with advanced ray-tracing solutions. The model's Web page (and tutorial) can be accessed at www.GalMod.org and support is provided at Galaxy.Model@yahoo.com.
A Keplerian Disk around Orion SrCI, a ∼ 15 M⊙ YSO
Authors: Ginsburg Adam , Bally John , Goddi Ciriaco , Plambeck Richard , Wright Melvyn
Published: June 2018

We report ALMA long-baseline observations of Orion Source I (SrcI), with a resolution 0.″03–0.″06 (12–24 au) at 1.3 and 3.2 mm. We detect both continuum and spectral line emission from SrcI’s disk. We also detect a central weakly resolved source that we interpret as a hot spot in the inner disk, which may indicate the presence of a binary system. The high angular resolution and sensitivity of these observations allows us to measure the outer envelope of the rotation curve of the H2O

line, which gives a mass M

I
 ≈ 15 ± 2

. We detected several other lines that more closely trace the disk, but were unable to identify their parent species. Using centroid-of-channel methods on these other lines, we infer a similar mass. These measurements solidify SrcI as a genuine high-mass protostar system and support the theory that SrcI and the Becklin-Neugebauer Object were ejected from the dynamical decay of a multiple-star system ∼500 years ago, an event that also launched the explosive molecular outflow in Orion.
Recovery from Maunder-like Grand Minima in a Babcock–Leighton Solar Dynamo Model
Authors: Karak Bidya Binay , Miesch Mark
Published: June 2018

The Sun occasionally goes through Maunder-like extended grand minima when its magnetic activity drops considerably from the normal activity level for several decades. Many possible theories have been proposed to explain the origin of these minima. However, how the Sun managed to recover from such inactive phases every time is even more enigmatic. The Babcock–Leighton type dynamos, which are successful in explaining many features of the solar cycle remarkably well, are not expected to operate during grand minima due to the lack of a sufficient number of sunspots. In this Letter, we explore the question of how the Sun could recover from grand minima through the Babcock–Leighton dynamo. In our three-dimensional dynamo model, grand minima are produced spontaneously as a result of random variations in the tilt angle of emerging active regions. We find that the Babcock–Leighton process can still operate during grand minima with only a minimal number of sunspots, and that the model can emerge from such phases without the need for an additional generation mechanism for the poloidal field. The essential ingredient in our model is a downward magnetic pumping, which inhibits the diffusion of the magnetic flux across the solar surface.
Mini-filament Eruptions Triggering Confined Solar Flares Observed by ONSET and SDO
Authors: Yang Shuhong , Zhang Jun
Published: June 2018

Using the observations from the Optical and Near-infrared Solar Eruption Tracer (ONSET) and the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), we study an M5.7 flare in AR 11476 on 2012 May 10 and a micro-flare in the quiet Sun on 2017 March 23. Before the onset of each flare, there is a reverse S-shaped filament above the polarity inversion line, then the filaments become unstable and begin to rise. The rising filaments gain the upper hand over the tension force of the dome-like overlying loops and thus successfully erupt outward. The footpoints of the reconnecting overlying loops successively brighten and are observed as two flare ribbons, while the newly formed low-lying loops appear as post-flare loops. These eruptions are similar to the classical model of successful filament eruptions associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs). However, the erupting filaments in this study move along large-scale lines and eventually reach the remote solar surface; i.e., no filament material is ejected into the interplanetary space. Thus, both the flares are confined. These results reveal that some successful filament eruptions can trigger confined flares. Our observations also imply that this kind of filament eruption may be ubiquitous on the Sun, from active regions (ARs) with large flares to the quiet Sun with micro-flares.
A Study of Nerve Conduction Velocity in Diabetic Patients and its Relationship with Tendon Reflexes (T-Reflex)
Authors: Haji Naghi Tehrani Khadijeh
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND: Neuropathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus. Neuropathy can cause the sensory deficit, neurological disorder, limb ulcers, osteomyelitis, and amputation. Therefore, neurological examinations, determining the nerve conduction velocity and performing sensory and motor tests are important for timely diagnosis and treatment.AIM: The present study aimed to investigate the nerve conduction velocity in diabetic patients and its relationship with tendon reflexes.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present study was observational-cross sectional research carried out on 77 diabetic patients who were admitted into the EMG/NCV Department of Shariati Hospital in the academic year 1996-1997. In all patients, the medical history of the patient (age, duration of diabetes, gender and age of onset of diabetes), neurological examination, nerve conduction velocity, heat test, vibration test, tendon reflexes, D.L and Amplitude were examined and recorded. Finally, the raw data obtained were entered into the IBM SPSS Statistics software, and the important relationships between these variables were analysed. Moreover, in the present study, the statistical significance level (P-value) was considered less than 0.05.RESULTS: The present study was conducted on a population consisting of 48 women and 29 men with diabetes. The age range of participants was 14-70 years old with an average age of 50.506 ± 7.50. The results of present study showed that the participants with clinical neuropathy (11.2 ± 7.2) had a significantly longer duration of diabetes than the normal group and those participants with sub-clinical neuropathy (P-value = 0.12). Statistical analyses indicated that increase in age, increase in the duration of diabetes and the gender of male significantly made the nerve conduction velocity abnormal. The analysis of the response to neural reflexes indicated that the ratio of neurological disorders in the five nerves of the ankle and knee was generally higher in the abnormal group (the patients with nerve conduction disorder) compared to the normal (the patients with normal nerve conduction)  and in some cases, such as the ulnar motor nerve of ankle (P-value = 0.010), and the ulnar motor nerve of knee motor (P-value = 0.002) and also in the peroneal motor nerve of knee (P-value = 0.003) and the sural sensory nerve of knee (P-value = 0.003), increase in neurological disorders was significant.CONCLUSION: Increase in age, increase in the duration of diabetes, and the male gender can significantly increase the risk of abnormal nerve conduction velocity.
Integration and Curation of At-Risk Collections into the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Collections
Authors: Frable Benjamin , Seid Charlotte , Rouse Greg , Hastings Philip
Published: June 2018

The Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) at the University of California, San Diego maintains one of the largest combined oceanographic collections in the world comprising four collections: Geological (sediment cores and dredged rocks), Pelagic Invertebrates, Benthic Invertebrates and Marine Vertebrates. After surviving threats of dissolution, the SIO Collections are now securely funded and have been able to make other collections available to the scientific community. Over the last few years, both the Marine Vertebrate (SIO-MVC) and Benthic Invertebrate (SIO-BIC) Collections have received National Science Foundation (NSF) and institutional funding to integrate important at-risk collections from University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) and the University of Victoria. The UCLA Ichthyological Collection, around 9000 lots, was at risk of disposal due to hazardous material concerns and lack of institutional support. The collection, accumulated primarily under Boyd Walker (1949-1980) and later Don Buth (1980-), contains material from extensive surveys of the near-shore fishes of Southern California, Baja California and the Tropical Eastern Pacific including remote oceanic islands such as the Revillagigedos, Clipperton and the Galapagos. The UCLA collection also contains over 150 secondary types and over 100 species new to the SIO-MVC.

Due to lack of support, the collection records were never digitized and the collection was minimally curated and its holdings were poorly known. For over two years, the collection manager and student employees have physically re-curated and integrated this material into the SIO-MVC. These data are now available online via iDigBio and VertNet and have already been used in numerous studies. The SIO-BIC, holding 45,000 lots, is accepting ownership of two deep-sea animal collections from Verena Tunnicliffe at the University of Victoria and Robert Vrijenhoek at MBARI. These collections include 10,900+ lots, largely from hydrothermal vents across the Pacific. Collected over 35 years from remote deep-sea sites that are difficult and expensive to access, these collections represent a major resource for systematics, genetics, and ecology. With Dr. Vrijenhoek now retired and Dr. Tunnicliffe nearing retirement, their collections were at risk of being lost. This material will be made discoverable online through the SIO-BIC database and iDigBio, and will be available for loan and examination. In the last year, the collection manager and five undergraduate employees have integrated some 3,000 lots. With support from the institution and the NSF, the SIO collections are solidifying their roles as central repositories for deep-sea and Eastern Pacific fauna.
Globalisation et compétition réglementaire
Authors: Rameix Gérard
Published: June 2018

Il y a chez les acteurs économiques, chez les États et même chez les régulateurs une tension permanente entre mondialisation et régulation, entre régulation des risques et recherche de l'innovation et de la compétitivité, entre régulation tournée vers la maîtrise des risques systémiques qui sont mondiaux et régulation tournée vers la protection du marché et des acteurs nationaux. En cherchant à apporter des réponses communes aux faiblesses identifiées, le cadre de régulation international postcrise, impulsé notamment par le G20, a été à l'origine de progrès indéniables du point de vue de l'articulation entre globalisation et compétition réglementaire. Cette même démarche a été conduite et amplifiée au niveau européen. De nouveaux défis se profilent cependant, liés à l'émergence d'un agenda «  America First  », qui fragilise la cohérence internationale recherchée ces dernières années, et à la sortie de la principale place financière européenne de l'UE. Cette dernière doit aussi trouver les moyens de renforcer l'efficacité de son cadre réglementaire et de supervision pour dépasser le détail de la règle au profit de la convergence de la supervision. Classification JEL : F02, F53, K33.
Géopolitique des universités
Authors: Giblin Béatrice
Published: June 2018

Depuis les années 1990, une part non négligeable du temps universitaire est consacrée à remplir des dossiers d’évaluation de l’activité des enseignants-chercheurs, à répondre à des appels d’offres pour trouver des financements, etc. Avec un postulat : il vaut mieux être dans de grosses unités d’ensei-gnement et surtout de recherche pour espérer intégrer le Top 100 des universités du classement de Shanghai. L’objet de ce numéro est de comprendre le bien-fondé de cette mise en concurrence des universités. Doit-on y voir les effets de la mondialisation sur le monde universitaire ? Dans cette course, les universités françaises ne sont pas les mieux placées comparées aux universités anglo-saxonnes qui ont imposé leur modèle et leur langue. Dans cette compétition uni-versitaire mondialisée, l’arrivée de la Chine bouscule le paysage avec ses millions d’étu-diants, sa volonté de s’implanter dans les universités occidentales et d’attirer des étudiants du monde entier.
Les enjeux géopolitiques de la mondialisation universitaire
Authors: Strassel Christophe
Published: June 2018

La mondialisation universitaire désigne le phénomène qui voit les effectifs étudiants et les échanges internationaux d’étudiants augmenter partout dans le monde, ainsi que les délocalisations d’établissements s’intensifier. Toutefois, la mondialisation universitaire véhicule également des représentations sur l’enseignement supérieur. Celles-ci sont à l’origine de normes qui sont utilisées par divers groupes de pression pour uniformiser l’organisation et le fonctionnement des établissements sur la base d’un modèle qui est celui de l’« université de recherche » anglo-saxonne. Ces normes sont véhiculées notamment par les classements internationaux et structurent les programmes qui visent à accélérer les transformations de l’enseignement supérieur en Europe : Exzellenzinitiative en Allemagne, Idex en France. Elles réduisent progressivement les spécificités des modèles nationaux et tendent à réduire la capacité des États à orienter leur politique d’enseignement supérieur sur la base d’objectifs propres.
L’évaluation à mi-parcours du programme européen pour la recherche Horizon 2020 : la difficile conciliation entre l’excellence et l’intégration des territoires universitaires
Authors: Chaudhuri Basudeb
Published: June 2018

L’analyse de l’évaluation à mi-parcours du programme européen Horizon 2020 fait apparaître une conciliation difficile à effectuer entre les objectifs d’excellence de la recherche pour dynamiser l’économie dans la concurrence mondialisée et ceux de l’intégration des territoires universitaires et de la recherche dans un projet européen partagé.
Les universités palestiniennes : entre hiérarchisations académiques et attente sociale
Authors: El Sakka Abaher
Published: June 2018

L’article retrace une lecture historique des universités palestiniennes, en identifiant les acteurs, leurs profils, etc. Nous exposons ensuite les différents modes de financement internationaux de la recherche dans les universités et les organismes de recherche, puis les liens entre les institutions palestiniennes et les différents champs universitaires internationaux. L’article est organisé en trois parties : dans un premier temps, j’expose le cadre historique et institutionnel d’exercice des universités, en montrant comment université et nationalisme inter-agissent et structurent l’espace sociétal. Dans un second temps, j’analyse les contraintes internes et externes. Dans la dernière partie enfin, j’analyse les dynamiques de production des savoirs et l’influence d’acteurs internationaux. Signalons enfin que cette recherche s’appuie sur des réflexions théoriques et des études empiriques que nous avons menées, notamment à partir d’une observation participante.
Aristote contre les « faiseurs de monde » : enjeux de la cosmologie dans le système naturel d’Aristote
Authors: Boureau Mai-Lan
Published: June 2018

Cet article cherche à dégager les enjeux de la cosmologie dans le système naturel aristotélicien. On commencera par relever certains paradoxes, comme l’absence de la cosmologie dans le programme scientifique d’Aristote. L’objet du De Caelo sera examiné dans cette perspective. On exposera dans un second temps les difficultés méthodologiques d’une enquête portant sur la nature du tout à la lumière de l’épistémologie aristotélicienne. L’étude de la démarche du Stagirite permettra ainsi de distinguer deux conceptions du monde : le monde comme totalité statique des corps ( pan ou holon ) et le monde comme principe de leur organisation dynamique ( cosmos ). La cosmologie aristotélicienne se confondra dès lors avec l’étude de la structure formelle du mouvement éternel, s’intégrant ainsi dans une étude générale du mouvement.
Révolution copernicienne et métaphysique de la grandeur : Copernic, Descartes, Pascal
Authors: Mehl Édouard
Published: June 2018

L’article situe Disproportion de l’Homme dans le prolongement de la discussion entre Descartes et Christine de Suède (1647), la jeune reine objectant à la cosmologie des Principia Philosophiae que son infinitisme blesse les « fondements de la religion », là où, répond Descartes, on ne devrait pas, si l’on avait une idée juste de la puissance divine, « enfermer le monde dans une boule ». Bien que la discussion ne porte à aucun moment sur Copernic, elle n’a de sens que parce que l’immensité du monde et la distance indéfinie des étoiles fixes sont, chez Copernic, une conséquence nécessaire des nouvelles hypothèses astronomiques. Mais Descartes, au lieu de conclure à cette immensité sur la base d’une hypothèse physique ou astronomique, part d’une déduction métaphysique de la grandeur – grandeur telle qu’un système héliocentrique y devient possible sans contradiction. Pascal, forçant encore le trait, va jusqu’à faire de la disproportion comme telle la prémisse d’un raisonnement physico-théologique associant de manière inédite et originale théologie négative et théologie naturelle.
Podemos, un parti-mouvement
Authors: Cervera-Marzal Manuel
Published: June 2018

Lorsqu’ils lancent leur projet en janvier 2014, les fondateur.trice.s de Podemos parlent de « mouvement politique » et promettent de ne pas créer « un parti de plus ». En s’engageant dans la compétition électorale, ils et elles sont toutefois amené.e.s à mettre en place une structure partisane. Podemos est-il pour autant un parti comme les autres ? Cet article interroge la notion de « parti mouvement », en montrant comment Podemos se distingue des partis traditionnels et quels sont les clivages en interne.
Le populisme de Podemos
Authors: Sintomer Yves , Gaudillière Jean-Paul
Published: June 2018

Populiste ? L’étiquette est aujourd’hui maniée à l’envi pour caractériser tous les partis ou mouvements qui, en Europe, opposent le peuple aux élites et défendent une rupture plus ou moins assumée avec le consensus social/néo-libéral. En revendiquant le terme et en faisant explicitement référence aux théories de Laclau et Mouffe, Podemos occupe toutefois une position originale en la matière. Politiste, ancien membre de la rédaction de Mouvements , Yves Sintomer revient sur les enjeux théoriques et pratiques de cette volonté de « construire un peuple ».
Le populisme est-il l’alternative ? Mouvements sociaux et dynamiques partidaires
Authors: Castaño Tierno Pablo , Cervera-Marzal Manuel , Jerez Ariel , Nez Héloïse , Ramos Alfredo , Sintomer Yves , Jami Irène
Published: June 2018

En France, les mobilisations espagnoles et l’émergence de Podemos suscitent l’espoir de perspectives vraiment neuves dans un paysage politique déprimé par le quinquennat d’un président de gauche assumant sa conversion au social-libéralisme, représentatif d’un PS dévoyé, l’absence de débouché immédiat de Nuit Debout, la captation du renouvellement des mœurs et du personnel politiques par Macron et La République en Marche, le relatif échec de la France insoumise. Cependant, on perçoit les contradictions et les dilemmes auxquels se heurte Podemos lorsqu’il s’agit de s’inscrire dans la durée : derrière le « eux et nous », comment définir le sujet des luttes ? Comment faire exister un parti politique-machine électorale né d’un mouvement de contestation des institutions représentatives ? Cette table ronde avait pour objectifs de questionner les références intellectuelles et historiques à partir desquelles Podemos s’est construit, de tirer le bilan le plus récent des enjeux auxquels le parti s’est confronté, et... d’envisager la suite.
À gauche, la crise catalane a refermé le cycle de l’« indignation »
Authors: Lamant Ludovic
Published: June 2018

Depuis l’automne 2017, un « piège catalan » semble s’être refermé sur Podemos : impasse parlementaire après les dernières élections nationales, polarisation du débat politique sur la question de l’indépendance et de la mise sous tutelle de la région autonome, tensions internes au parti et au sein des municipalités du changement... Tout semble se conjuguer pour faire de cette crise un tournant. Ludovic Lamant revient ici sur son impact pour les gauches et sur les racines d’une revendication indépendantiste nourrie par la crise économique et politique de l’État espagnol.
Témoignages de résidants en foyer de vie
Authors: Ozenne Jessica
Published: June 2018

Au cœur de notre questionnement autour de la citoyenneté et de la santé mentale se love celle de l’expérience et du vécu des premiers concernés : les personnes en situation de handicap psychique. De cette constatation triviale a émergé l’idée de leur proposer de témoigner eux mêmes de cette expérience et de la perception de leur propre citoyenneté. Quatre usagers du secteurs médico-social ont saisi cette opportunité de participer à cet article, ce qui s’inscrit pour eux dans une démarche de réappropriation d’un discours. En s’engageant à parler en leur nom, ils nous offrent un regard précieux sur le thème qui nous occupe dans ce numéro.
Penser le « droit de cité » à la lumière (et à l’ombre) de l’antipsychiatrie anglaise
Authors: Veit Camille
Published: June 2018

L’antipsychiatrie anglaise s’inscrit dans un mouvement culturel de contestation des institutions au cours des années soixante. Conduite par les psychiatres Laing, Cooper et Esterson, la démarche engagée vise à libérer l’expérience, en particulier celle de la « maladie mentale », des discours et dispositifs qui l’aliènent. Des expériences alternatives sont mises en place, dont Kingsley Hall, en 1965, dans la banlieue de Londres. Le témoignage de Mary Barnes reste dans les mémoires. Ces communautés de vie pratiquent en continu la décision collective pour l’acte thérapeutique, quel que soit le statut des personnes présentes. Ainsi comptent les savoirs inédits de chacun, soigné ou pas. On gagne à accompagner plutôt qu’à contenir. Le droit de cité de la personne dans le champ de la santé mentale comporte ce volet nécessaire, cette voix reconnue dans le collectif. En cela, l’expérience citoyenne de Kinsley Hall renvoie à un horizon d’émancipation.
La relation d’objet et l’objet interne
Authors: Rolland Jean-Claude
Published: June 2018

L’étoffe du transfert est fait de la reprise des relations aux objets œdipiens au renoncement desquelles le moi de l’ infans s’est dérobé. Leur réactualisation anime la parole de l’analysant ; celle-ci suit les « mouvements physiques » des représentations d’objet impulsés par le transfert (déplacement, projections, substitutions et concaténations) ; l’interprétation épouse, double et achève ce travail de la parole qui conduit à l’exfiltration finale de l’objet premier dans le monde réel ; il imposera à celui-ci d’y être représenté mais seulement par un substitut démis de sa charge œdipienne passionnelle.
Tumblr as a methodological tool for data archiving: The case of a Calzona Tumblr
Authors: Bourdaa Mélanie
Published: June 2018

This case study of a Tumblr created to study the impact of a specific episode of Grey's Anatomy (2005–) on the fandom of a particular romantic pairing shows how ethnoresearchers—that is, researchers embedded into the community they are studying—can use the functionality of this microblogging platform to organize and archive their research.
El Paleolítico Superior de la península ibérica
Authors: Straus Lawrence G.
Published: June 2018

Este artículo intenta ofrecer una síntesis relativamente completa de lo que se conoce en la actualidad sobre la transición del Paleolítico medio al superior y el desarrollo de las adaptaciones humanas y de las culturas durante el último periodo en la Península Ibérica (España y Portugal, así como Andorra y Gibraltar). Los énfasis del trabajo, que es inevitablemente selectivo y se basa principalmente en la bibliografía disponible más reciente, son las condiciones ambientales, el asentamiento humano, las tecnologías, la subsistencia y la expresión artística, desde una perspectiva que subraya en que medida la naturaleza y extensión de las redes sociales han cambiado durante todo el desarrollo del Estadio Isotópico Marino 3 tardío y todo el Estadio 2. El objetivo es abarcar todas las regiones de la península, pese a sus diferentes historias de la investigación y sus desiguales densidades de yacimientos. Una conclusión general es que a pesar de las fluctuaciones climáticas del Tardiglaciar, uno puede escribir diferentes histoires de la longue durée sobre importantes unidades geográficas como la región cantábrica (atlántica septentrional) de España, la cuenca del Ebro, la España levantina (mediterránea), Andalucía, las mesetas interiores de España y las cuencas del Duero y el Tajo, y las regiones meridional y central-septentrional de Portugal. Además, en diferentes grados a través del tiempo, hubo tanto una unidad cultural peninsular, creada por redes sociales entre esas regiones, como contactos con bandas de cazadores-recolectores al norte de los Pirineos.
El Pico de la Mora (Peñafiel, Valladolid). Un nuevo asentamiento amurallado del Calcolítico Inicial normeseteño
Authors: Villalobos García Rodrigo , Rodríguez-Marcos José Antonio
Published: June 2018

Se presentan los resultados de la reciente intervención desarrollada en el yacimiento calcolítico de El Pico de la Mora (Peñafiel, Valladolid). Éste es un pequeño asentamiento de 0,5 ha el cual ocupa el extremo de un espigón de páramo y su peculiaridad consiste en que cuenta con una muralla de 100 m de longitud defendiendo su flanco más desprotegido. La excavación de la misma ha servido para identificar una compleja estructura arquitectónica pétrea —con basamento, lienzos, relleno y contrafuerte— que ha sido fechada por radiocarbono en el periodo ca. 2900-2650 cal a. C. Esto convierte a El Pico de la Mora en el más antiguo asentamiento amurallado del valle medio del Duero y uno de los más septentrionales de todo el Calcolítico peninsular.
Estudio arqueométrico y contextual del brazalete de oro tipo Villena/Estremoz de la Cueva del Silo (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, España)
Authors: Pérez-Romero Amalia , Perea Alicia , Iriarte Eneko , Francés-Negro Marta , Álvarez- Fernández Ana , Alday Alfonso , Arsuaga Juan Luis , Carretero José Miguel
Published: June 2018

Presentamos el hallazgo de un brazalete de oro encontrado en el sistema kárstico de Cueva Mayor-Cueva del Silo de la Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos, España). Esta pieza excepcional, se caracteriza tecnológica, cronológica y culturalmente, así como su significado económico e ideológico en el contexto de la tecnología Villena/Estremoz (V/E) del Bronce final. El estudio se ha realizado mediante microscopía óptica (MO), y electrónica de barrido (MEB), y microanálisis elemental por dispersión de Rayos X (MEB-EDX).
La presencia de este objeto de oro en la Meseta Norte y su paralelismo con otros ejemplos de la península ibérica confirmaría la conexión o intercambios tecnológicos, culturales y/o comerciales a larga distancia entre la vertiente atlántica y la mediterránea durante la Edad del Bronce.
Réflexions sur la variété des modalités funéraires en temps d’épidémie.  L’exemple de la Peste noire en contextes urbain et rural
Authors: Kacki Sacha , Castex Dominique
Published: June 2018

Longtemps abordés sous le seul angle de la recherche historique, les épisodes épidémiques du passé ont fait l’objet, depuis une vingtaine d’années, d’une attention croissante dans les disciplines archéologiques lato sensu. Toutefois, malgré la multiplication des fouilles de témoins sépulcraux de ces crises de mortalité, peu d’études se sont réellement attachées à caractériser les spécificités du devenir des morts par épidémie. En outre, ces dernières souffrent généralement de l’hétérogénéité des contextes chronologiques et épidémiques pris en compte. Afin de pallier ce manque, nous proposons une étude comparative entre plusieurs sites français ayant livré des sépultures liées à la Peste noire (1347-1352). Les données obtenues permettent de discuter la variabilité des expressions sépulcrales en temps de peste et mettent en exergue certaines dissemblances entre les contextes ruraux et urbains. Leur mise en perspective avec les résultats issus de l’étude de sites funéraires plus récents, relevant de mortalité similaire, autorise in fine certaines réflexions quant à l’évolution des usages funéraires en temps d’épidémie durant le bas Moyen Âge et l’époque moderne.