bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coherent and Co-Current Flow Separator Optimized Experiment
Authors: Liu Bao Jun , Dong Jing Yu , Liu Cheng Ting , Guo Li Ping , Li Yin Peng , Shan Wu Yi
Published: June 2014

In order to improve on pump efficiency,rod-pumped well coherent and co-current flow separator is a new type of gas anchor.Through the indoor experiment,researching the influence on gas anchor degassing efficiency by the bottom of coherent and co-current flow pattern was turned into corrugated shape,changing the surface properties and structure of separator, setting up cross walls in the cup ,the relation curve was drawn between the rate of single cups of liquid level drawdown of all kinds of coherent and co-current flow pattern gas-liquid separators at different gas-liquid ratio and degassing efficiency.
Fracture Behaviors of the Rolled Isotactic Polypropylene
Authors: Jia Juan , Liu Shuang Xin , Rabbe Dierk
Published: June 2014

The mechanical properties of the rolled isotactic polypropylene and the morphology of fracture surfaces were measured and observed by tensile tests and the scanning electron microscopy. And then the tensile fracture behaviors along the rolling and transvers directions of the rolled samples were analyzed. After rolling, strong anisotropy mechanical properties occurred along the rolling and transverse directions: high tensile strength with low total elongation along the rolling direction and low tensile strength with high total elongation along the transverse direction. After tensile test, three characteristic structures were found on the fracture surfaces. The tensile fracture behavior of the rolled samples is: stress concentration happens on the edge of tensile sample and then fracture develops to the center part of the tensile sample. When the fracture is big enough, the tensile sample will be failed very quickly.
Structural Design and Simulation of a Fully Decoupled Dual-Mass Micro-Gyroscope
Authors: Dai Bo , Yang Bo , Zhao Hui , Deng Yun Peng , Wang Xing Jun
Published: June 2014

This paper presents the operational principle, architecture design, resonance characteristics and FEM simulation of a new fully decoupled dual-mass silicon micro-gyroscope. The drive motion and sense motion of the micro-gyroscope studied in this paper are isolated from each other, mechanical quadrature error is thus dramatically suppressed due to the minimizing of undesired coupling between the drive and sense modes. Moreover,two identical single-mass gyroscopes are adopted and coupled with coupling beams to form a dual-mass micro-gyroscope, which provides enhanced common mode rejection in a differential mode. Finally, modal and harmonic analyses are implemented by FEM software, the simulation results obtained verify the good properties of the novel micro-gyroscope.
The Simulation Analysis of Temperature Effects on System Performance of Silicon Micro-Gyroscope
Authors: Deng Yun Peng , Yang Bo , Wang Xing Jun , Dai Bo
Published: June 2014

The effects of temperature variation on the system performance is discussed in this paper. The temperature characteristic of the natural frequency and quality factor is analyzed theoretically firstly. Then the simulation models of the open-loop drive system, the closed-loop drive system, the closed-loop sense system and the quadrature correction system are constructed to simulate the temperature characteristic of the scale factor and zero bias. The simulation results demonstrate the relative change of the scale factor in the closed-loop drive system, that is 1.35%, almost decreases by 67 times relative to the open-loop drive system and the variation of the zero bias in the closed-loop drive system, that is 0.2789°/s, almost decreases by 364 times relative to the open-loop drive system. At the same time, the relative change of the scale factor in the closed-loop sense system, that is 0.000029%, almost decreases by 46551 times relative to the closed-loop drive system. The variation of the zero bias in the closed-loop sense system, that is 1.2×10-11°/s, almost decreases by 2.3×1010 times relative to the closed-loop drive system, which shows the proposed method is feasible and correct.
Target Tracking Using Extended Kalman Filter with Bearing and Doppler Measurements
Authors: Quan Hong Wei
Published: June 2014

Electronic support measure (ESM) can detect the bearings and Doppler frequencies simultaneously. A target tracking algorithm is proposed which uses ESM’s Doppler frequency and bearing measurements using extended Kalman filter (EKF). Compared with traditional bearings-only target tracking methods, our algorithm increases the Doppler frequency measurements and introduces the second-order EKF which can preferably handle the nonlinear tracking problem. Finally the simulation results show that the method improves the accuracy of target state estimation as well as the filtering stability. The maneuvers of sensor platform also can be avoided. Monte-Carlo runs with result analysis further illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Optimal Design of Computerized Flat Knitting Machine Cam Curves Based on UG and ANSYS/LS-DYNA
Authors: Zhao Cang , Song Guang Li , Xu Lei
Published: June 2014

By combining the industrial design software UG and finite element dynamic analysis software ANSYS/LS-DYNA, the paper respectively designs the non-linear knitting cams with polynomial curves, and simulates the loop-forming process in the interaction between the cams and needles. Based on comparative analyses, it’s thereby concluded that the polynomial curve has the best performance and is significantly superior to the cam curve composed of straight-lines and circular-arcs; the elements with higher stresses are located above the butt of needle jack and the joint of the jack and latch needle; and the polynomial curve is effective in lowering the maximum stress of the needle.
Mutual Mode Entropy Based Coupling Analysis of Electroencephalogram
Authors: Yu Jun , Dai Jia Fei , Wang Jun
Published: June 2014

In this paper, coupling measure based on mutual mode entropy (MME) was applied to calculating the statistical complexity of the basic alpha rhythm extracted from the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, which involved two groups of people, the teenager and the adult. The results show that the alpha rhythms extracted from the adult has a higher MME, which means the indication of higher statistical complexity. The following Independent Sample T Test proved that above-mentioned analysis could disclose significant differences among these two signals’ complexity.
Research on Control Strategy of Microgrid Inverter Based on Virtual Synchronous Generator
Authors: Xu Xiang Chu , Zhu Ling , Guo Ben Feng
Published: June 2014

In view of the conventional droop control method of inverter cannot fully meet the requirements of the microgrid operation,a new control strategy which is based on the traditional control method and combine with synchronous generator model is put forward, also known as VSG control strategy.AVSG model is establish, focusing on the design of the power frequency controller and excitation controller. The role of the rotational inertia and the power allocation problem of two VSGs in parallel networking system are verified through Matlab / Simulink simulation. The results show that, microgrid inverter based onVSG control strategy can simulate output characteristics of synchronous generator well and is conductive to microgrid operation
Impedance Analyzer Design Based on EMI and Lamb Wave
Authors: Zhang Yu Xiang , Zhang Xin , Chen Shi Yi , Chen Jia Zhao
Published: June 2014

EMI and the Lamb Wave technology are two kinds of mainstream active detection method in health monitoring , which have a long-term development. Health monitoring based on the combination of the EMI technology and Lamb wave, can be either a single method to conduct monitoring and analysis of specific structure ,or two methods together to conduct more comprehensive damage monitoring.
The Application of Servo Motor Direct Drive Pump Control System in Pre-Bending Machine
Authors: Wang Huan , Xu Yi Min
Published: June 2014

Efficient and energy-saving are the development tendencies of the pre-bending machine. The new pre-bending machine is consisted of a constant pump driven by servo motor instead of common motor, variable pump and proportion valve. The advantage of this hydraulic system is energy-saving and it’s a closed-loop which controls the hydraulic system. In order to get different flow, it needs to adjust the servo motor speed by the control unit. This hydraulic system not only has a good performance, but also can significantly reduce energy consumption.
The Power Distribution Control Study in Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Fuzzy Theory
Authors: Li Rui Fang , Song Dong Ya
Published: June 2014

By analyzing the parallel hybrid electric vehicle mode, the optimization of output power to fuel engine and electric motor is discussed. The fuzzy logical rules are proposed by fuzzy control theory. According to the system required power and battery SOC, the engine output power and the motor output power are optimized. The results show that the optimization method based on fuzzy logical can effectively reduces fuel consumption and can well control the battery SOC changes.
Task Description Logic Based on Temporal Constrain Net
Authors: Yu Cen , Zhou Wei Jia
Published: June 2014

Modern robots usually need to operate non-cooperative targets in unstructured environment. There are unpredictable events which can reduce the capacity of robots. Therefore, task descriptions for robots just indicate what to do, not how to do. This paper proposes a task description logic based on temporal constrain net to provide a formalized method for task description and deciding whether a plan meets the requirements of task description or not.
Study on the Recrystallization Behavior of an as-Extruded PM Superalloy
Authors: Wang Shu Yun , Dong Yun Peng , Zhang Min Cong , Wang Chao Yuan , Fang Shuang
Published: June 2014

The powder metallurgy (PM) nickel-base superalloy FGH96 was extruded at temperature from 1050°C to 1180°C,and the as-extruded samples in the extrusion temperature 1050°C were heat-treated at from 1000°C to 1100°C during 10min, 30min, 60min and 90min apart. The microstructure of recrystallization, γ' phase and growth behavior of grain were discussed. The results indicate that the extrusion temperature have a severely influence on the dynamic recrystallization and γ' phase behavior. The content and pattern of γ' phase is influenced by extrusion temperature and the big size of γ' phase in the grain boundary hinder effectively the growth of dynamic recrystallized grain. The degree of dynamic recrystallization is completed when the extrusion temperature increases. When the extrusion temperature reach 1100°C, the big size of γ' phase lie the grain boundary dissolves gradually and the grain grows obviously. As the heat temperature of as-extruded samples increases, the small size of γ' phase dissolves early and the degree of recrystallization is completed. When heat temperature reach 1080°C, the small size of γ' phase begin to dissolve and the recrystallization grain begins to grow, for the strain energy is given off and existence of interface energy. When heat temperature reach 1100°C, the recrystallization grain become uniform, for the pinning of big size of γ' phase. As the time of heat treatment elongate, the recrystallization grain size increase and the content of γ' phase decrease. When the heat temperature is 1080°C, the final microstructure is fine and uniform grain due to the pinning of big size of γ' phase. When the heat temperature is 1100°C, large of big size of γ' phase dissolve and the largest grain size reach 8μm. The nucleation and growth of recrystallization grain is influenced by small size of γ' phase and the fast growth of recrystallization grain is due to the big size of γ' phase in the grain boundary.
Research on Coking Behavior over Catalysts for Toluene Disproportionation
Authors: Fu Cheng Bi , Liu Tao , Li Xiao Bai , Zhu Jing , Liang Jing Jing
Published: June 2014

Effects of pressure of toluene, reaction temperature and nature of catalysts on coking over catalysts in toluene disproportionation are studied by using the method of thermogravimetry. Experiment results show that during the toluene disproportionation, the coking amount over catalysts increases with partial pressure of toluene and reaction temperature and the initial coking temperature decreases with partial pressure of toluene. Coking results mainly from the relatively stronger acid sites on the surface of the catalyst. Both HZSM-5 and HM catalysts have efficiency for toluene disproportionation, but HZM-5 catalyst has higher catalytic activity and stability.
The Overview of Smart Grid
Authors: Zhou Xue Song , Kong Xiao Li , Ma You Jie
Published: June 2014

Smart Grid is the newest direction of electric power development, and is regarded as the significant technology innovation and development trend of the electric power system in 21st century. It is also regarded as the inevitable result of the development of economic and technology. It has flexible, clean, safe, economical, and friendly functions. Smart grid is a new "second generation" network, which is built on an integrated basis of two-way high-speed communication networks, through the application of advanced sensing and measurement techniques, equipment technology, control technology and decision support system technology in order to achieve reliable, safe, high-quality, economical, efficient, environmentally friendly and safe using target. Smart Grid’s background, significance key technologies, technical difficulties and prospects are introduced in this paper.
Optimization of Trapezoidal Runner in Plastic Molding Based on MATLAB
Authors: Fan Gui Jie
Published: June 2014

The runner design is an important parts in plastic molding design. Its shape and dimensions have special effects on the molten plastic’s pressure, hot loss, injection speed, etc. At present, trapezoidal runner is used widely for better fluidity and lower assembly precision relatively compared with the circular runner. This paper uses the Fminsearch function of MATLAB and constructs an objective function based on the minimum length of the perimeter of the trapezoidal runner to optimize the trapezoidal runner section. The conclusion of this paper is that the perimeter of the trapezoidal runner is the shortest one when a equals c (shown as Fig.1), as well as the obtuse angle between a and c equals 120o. At this conditions, the volume of the molten plastic that flows through the runner section is maximum when the trapezoidal runner section area is given. The optimization results in the plastic mould design can used as the size or the constraints to drive the runner section in 3D CAD/CAM software, which can help the designer to get the trapezoidal runner section easily and quickly.
Pneumatic Muscle Actuated Rotation-Translation System
Authors: Deaconescu Andrea , Deaconescu Tudor
Published: June 2014

Mounting robot arms on wheelchairs has been identified as means of allowing persons with locomotor disabilities to conduct certain tasks autonomously. The paper presents an innovative solution of a pneumatic muscle actuated rotation-translation system, as an improved alternative to the vast majority of electrically actuated robot arms. This system acts as an interface between the wheelchair and the actual arm, and its light and compliant constructions ensures impact safety in the immediate vicinity of humans or in narrow working spaces.
An Investigation on Plastic Matrix Composite Materials
Authors: Misirli Cenk , Becenen Nilgün , Şahin Mümin
Published: June 2014

Composite materials with plastic matrix consist of a fiber material, which is used as the core and a matrix material, which forms the volumetric majority around that fiber material. Glass fiber reinforced plastics (GRP) are polymer-based plastic matrix composites that are used in a wide range of applications. In this work, a plastic-based composite material, which is used in tractor bonnets, was produced and thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of fracture surfaces for this material were performed. The SEM images of the fractured surfaces of the composites showed varied extents of fiber pull-outs under tensile failure modes. The nature of interfacial adhesion was discussed on the basis of the SEM study. A good correlation was established between the SEM study and the mechanical strength properties of the composites. However, it was observed that vinyl ester resin is a more suitable matrix for tractor bonnet parts due to its higher thermal resistance compared with orthophthalic resin. Keywords: composites, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy
Iron Removal from Hafnium Crystal Bar by Iodide Process
Authors: Tian Li Sen , Yin Yan Xin , Wang Li Jun
Published: June 2014

Crystal bar hafnium prepared by the iodide process was studied. The influences of three important factors (filament temperature, retort materials and feed types) on the removal of iron from hafnium crystal bar under iodide process were investigated. Results show that the impurity contents of iron in the hafnium crystal bar decreased with the rising K value. Both the retort materials and feed types have obvious influence on the iron impurity contents of hafnium crystal bar. It is proposed that the optimal condition was attained when hafnium turnings was used as feed, stainless steel with molybdenum cylinder liner as retort materials, and K value was at a relatively high level.
Affinity Propagation Clustering Algorithm Based on PCA
Authors: Chen Bei , Song Kun
Published: June 2014

Overlap information usually exits in the high-dimensional data. Misclassified points may be more when affinity propagation clustering is applied to these data. Concerning this problem, a new method combining principal components analysis and affinity propagation clustering is proposed. In this method, dimensionality of the original data is reduced on the premise of reserving most information of the variables. Then, affinity propagation clustering is implemented in the low-dimensional space. Thus, because the redundant information is deleted, the classification is accurate. Experiment is done by using this new method, the results of the experiment explain that this method is effective.
Experimental Research on the Stiffness of Hyperboloid Shallow Shell
Authors: Zhao Li Hong , Lei Cheng Xi , Xing Zhong Wen , Wu Bin
Published: June 2014

Stiffness is a very important property of automobile panel, especially for high-strength thinning sheet due to personnel security and energy conservation on auto industry. It is difficult to study because of the complexity streamline feature of auto body. An experiment method for determining stiffness was presented. The experiment study models of which based on the hyperboloid shallow shells that could represent automobile panel’s surface features was established. The criterion and research technique of automobile panel stiffness were introduced. The experiment research works of effects of two main process conditions on stiffness which blank holding force (BHF) and boundary condition during the stiffness test were obtained. All conclusions provided a particularly effective process guidance and technical approach in the automobile panel production.
Research and Application of Cold-Rolled Sheet of MES System Based on Real-Time Database
Authors: Zhang Kai Bi , Wang Chen , Ren Xiao Jin
Published: June 2014

Under the national trend of manufacturing information and integration, cold-rolled sheet plants (CRSP) have begun to transform the manufacturing information in order to meet the fierce market competition. The upper information management (ERP) has already been basically realized in current market. However, the lower automation system and the upper information management system are not well integrated, causing a series of problems, such as basic data delay in the production line, being difficult to keep unanimous with the upper data and so on. To solve the above problems, efforts are paid on the combination of the manufacturing information system requirements and the research of MES system architecture, a set of MES system is established and the whole system architecture and function modules are designed in detail. Through the simulation of this system, it finds that the logistics and information flow can keep unanimous and the production efficiency will be greatly improved, which will create greater economic benefits.
The Effect of Face and Side Panels of Honeycomb Core on its Equivalent In-Plane Elastic Properties
Authors: Cao Wen Yi , Shi Guang Yu
Published: June 2014

The effect of the face and side panels of honeycomb cores on their equivalent in-plane elastic properties is studied by the numerical simulation in this paper. The numerical results show that the deformation pattern of the honeycomb core constrained by either face panels or side panels is totally different from that of pure honeycomb materials. As a result, both the face panels and the side panels of honeycomb cores significantly increase the equivalent in-plane moduli of honeycombs. The commonly used prediction model of honeycombs cannot be used for the evaluation of the additional in-plane tensile stiffness contributed from the honeycomb core. However, the prediction model for the equivalent in-plane moduli of honeycombs with the periodic displacement condition yields much better results.
Seperation of Microcystin-RR and Research of its Storage Conditions
Authors: Cao Yan Qiu , Gong Ai Jun , Zhang Xiao Shuai
Published: June 2014

The Separation of microcystin-RR from crude microcystin solution by HPLC was studied.The interception time could be decided by the combination of MC-RR peak time and 0.55min.0.5mL high purity MC-RR solution,with the concentration of 2.58μg/mL and recovery of 82.9%, was obtained by established method.The storge condition experiments showed that MC-RR stays stable in pH7 solution in 60 days.
Studies on the Active Control and Placement of Piezoelectric in Piezoelectric Cantilever Beam
Authors: Guo Jing , Lian Xiao Xue , Zhao Qing
Published: June 2014

The active vibration control of the flexible cantilever beam with PZT actuators was studied in this paper, and the principle and the method of the active vibration control were analyzed. First, using the balanced reduction method to reduce the model was carried out; the reduced model would be controlled. The placement of the piezoelectric actuators was utmost important, the optimization arrangement of the piezoelectric actuators was studied in this paper basing on the modal influential matrix of the piezoelectric actuators in order to make it to maximize its effectiveness to realize active control. Next step the LQG/LTR method is used to control the structure, then the LQR method was adopted to control the beam, and the two methods were compared. The results show that the LQG/LTR method to control the beam will realize effective control if only the treatment is adequate, when the acoustic noise and Interference were added to the system.
Research on a New Type of Self-Propelled Artillery Control System Test Equipment
Authors: Liao Xue Bing , Zhou Ren Bin , Quan Zhen Zhong , Peng Lei
Published: June 2014

This paper regard the self-propelled artillery control system as the research object, by using the adaptive control, data fusion and dual-mode modulation technology, construction of the hardware platform of the system is made, the fault diagnosis model and repair information management system is established, finally a corresponding test equipment is developed. the device has strong Integrity , good versatility, high stability, realize offline detection, parts of the joint debugging and commissioning and quality evaluation, the comprehensive fault diagnosis, repair decision-making and information management, greatly improve the force protection equipment repair capacity.
The Application of Image Enhancement Technology in Ammunition Fuze Safety Detector
Authors: Zhang De Bao , Huang Wen Qing , Li Zhong Wei , Zhang Lei
Published: June 2014

Aiming to the traditional detection mode can’t do the real-time detection of fixed ammunition fuze, nor discover the fuze arming in time ,thus, cause the ammunition explosion and the damage to the texting personnel on the scene. Put the Image enhancement technology into the safety detection, with image smoothing processing ,sharpening processing, Histogram modification and other technologies, enhanced the detection images of Fuze safety’s X-ray; then, it realized the visualization of the safety detection by computer image processing, with the application of the Real-time remote detection through LAN, improved the detection’s accuracy and efficiency, ensured the timeliness and safety of the detection.
Bottlenecks and Countermeasures in Shale Gas Exploration and Development of China
Authors: Huo Rong , Duan Kai Bo
Published: June 2014

With the furthering of China’s all round reform, there will be greater economic growth and more urgent demands for energy. And the achievements of shale gas exploration and development in the United States provide a lot of lessons for domestic gas and oil exploration and development [Figure. 1]. However, the introduction of the matured foreign exploration and development technologies also suffers a great challenge. This paper aims to analyzing the problems in the exploration and development in China’s typical exploration areas and the measures that have been taken. Also, it sums up the emerging technologies and methods in the world, hoping to boost the future exploration and development of shale gas in China in a certain way. Fig. 1 U.S. dry natural gas production ( drawn from EIA)
Conditions of Shale Gas Accumulation and Exploration Practices in China
Authors: Huo Rong , Duan Kai Bo
Published: June 2014

Because the United States has achieved significant success on shale gas exploration and development, which makes a number of countries in North America, Europe to begin to make a series of exploration work [1]. China also launched China's first shale gas resource exploration project in Qijiang County, Chongqing in October 2009. According to the Shale Gas “Twelfth Five-year” Development Plan, the shale gas production will reach 60 - 100 billion cubic meters in 2020. This paper will make a brief review on shale gas formation conditions and the exploration and development projects already have been undertaken, hoping to provide some supports for the development of China's unconventional energy.
Research on Material Properties of Engineering Materials with Construct Disaster Preparedness of the Four-Dimensional Space in Hilly Cities’ Communities
Authors: Qian Si Ru
Published: June 2014

We take “5.12 Wenchuan earthquake” influence and one of the university in Mianyang urban area as the typical examples of the disaster preparedness community. We discuss how to plan the multiply disaster preparedness which in accordance to the geographical feature of hilly cities through the material properties of engineering materials research and study of the four-dimensional space disaster preparedness model.
Analysis of Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Improved Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Duan Shu Min
Published: June 2014

Wireless sensor networks with node calculation ability is weak, node power (battery provides) Limited, routing algorithm of wireless sensor networks should be the energy saving and simple algorithm. Ant colony algorithm shows good search results in the discrete solution space. This paper improves the ant colony optimization algorithm. The paper presents analysis of routing protocols for wireless sensor networks based on improved ant colony optimization algorithm, and the simulation results verify the effectiveness of the improved algorithm.
The Effect of Alkali Treatment of OPKS Filler on Mechanical Property of Polyester-Composite
Authors: Nabinejad O. , Sujan D. , Rahman M.E. , Reddy M.M. , Liew Willey Y.H. , Davies Ian J.
Published: June 2014

This paper presents a study on the effect of alkali treatment of Oil Palm Kernel Shell (OPKS) on the mechanical properties ofpolyester composite. The dosage of NaOH in this study is limited to 5wt% concentration.The experiments on mechanical properties investigate the tensile strength, the flexural strength and theflextural modulus of untreated, cold alkali treated and hot alkali treated OPKS reinforced polyester composite. It is found that the alkali treatment improves the mechanical properties of the composite. However, the improvement due tothe hot alkali treatment is significant compared to the cold alkali treatment. The morphology of OPKS and the fracture surface of OPKS composites were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing a rough surface and good interfacial adhesion between OPKS as filler and polyester as a matrix.
Thermal Degradation of Hemp Treated with Guanidine Dihydrogen Phosphate
Authors: Sun Ying Juan , Yang Yong Li , Gao Ming
Published: June 2014

Hemp was treated with guanidine dihydrogen phosphate [GDP] to impart flame retardance. The thermal degradation of the samples were studied by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The flame retardance was determined by LOI. Morphology of the char structure was studied by SEM to obtain information concerning the thermal degradation mechanism. For hemp treated with GDP, which has higher LOI and char yield values, the oxidative decomposition stages include a decomposition stage at lower temperatures (165-240°C) , leading to more carbonaceous residue and small amount of flammable products to get the good flame retardance. The SEM of the chars of hemp treated with GDP also indicate the structure of the charring layer may increase heat insulation, and protect inner matrix materials.
Shock Response Analysis of Marine Gearbox
Authors: Liu Wen , Lin Teng Jiao , He Ze Yin
Published: June 2014

The shock spectrum of gearbox was gotten according to German specification. And the equivalent time-domain acceleration curve was converted from shock spectrum. After the dynamic finite element model of entire gearbox was established by using the truss element, spring element and tetrahedral element, the shock response including the vibration velocity, acceleration and dynamic stress of gearbox subjected to the acceleration shock excitation were simulated. At last, the anti-shock performance of gearbox was analyzed combining with the strength criterion.
Hybrid Microstructures on Si Surface Formed by Nanosecond Pulse Laser for Broadband Antireflection
Authors: Yang Lan Tian
Published: June 2014

In this paper, a hybrid quasi-micro-pyramid structure is fabricated via nanosecond pulse laser micro-processing, which demonstrates a 15% drop in average reflectance as compared to the uniform quasi-micro-pyramid structures. The influences of laser fluence, pulse number, and designed pitch are also studied experimentally and systematically. The results show that reflection increases with the pattern pitch, decreases with pulse number, and a minimum in reflection is reached at a laser fluence of 4.83 J/cm2. The method here demonstrated provides an alternative and low-cost solution for broadband anti-reflection by hybrid structures with normal aspect ratio rather than uniform structures with high aspect ratio. Higher antireflection performance can be expected by optimizing the laser processing parameters.
A Strategy for Geometric Error Characterization in Multi-Axis Machine Tool by Use of a Laser Tracker
Authors: Aguado Sergio , Santolaria Jorge , Samper David , Aguilar Martín Juan Jose
Published: June 2014

This paper aims to present different methods of volumetric verification in long range machine toll with lineal and rotary axes using a commercial laser tracker as measurement system. This method allows characterizing machine tool geometric errors depending on the kinematic of the machine and the work space available during the measurement time. The kinematic of the machine toll is affected by their geometric errors, which are different depending on the number and type of movement axes. The relationship between the various geometrical errors is different from relationship obtained in machine tool whit only lineal axes. Therefore, the identification strategy should be different. In the same way, the kinematic chain of the machine tool determines determines the position of the laser tracker and available space for data capture. This paper presents the kinematic model of several machine tools with different kinematic chains use to improve the machine tool accuracy of each one by volumetric verification. Likewise, the paper thus presents a study of: the adequacy of different nonlinear optimization strategies depending on the type of axis and the usable space available.
Influence of the Dry Turning Parameters on the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of UNS A92024 Samples
Authors: Gómez-Parra Álvaro , Puerta Francisco Javier , Rosales Edwing Isaac , García-Jurado Daniel , Mainé José Manuel , Marcos Bárcena Mariano
Published: June 2014

The influence of the forming process in the response into service of the manufactured workpieces, in the first instance, through the surface integrity can be evaluated. The concept of surface integrity includes the assessment of geometrical aspects like shape and dimensions, and physicochemical properties like hardness and corrosion resistance. This work reports on the results of a study of the influence of the turning parameters on the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of turned bars of UNS A92024 Aluminium-Copper alloy.
Evaluation of a Sodic Organoclay as Adsorbent for Removing Oil/Water in a Synthetic Wastewater
Authors: da Silva Elaine Lope , Patrício Aline Cadígena Lima , Costa de Oliveira Guilherme , Rodrigues Meiry Gláucia Freire
Published: June 2014

This study aims to conduct an investigation on the performance of an organophilic clay as adsorbent in the oil/water separation process. One goal of this work is to prepare and characterize untreated sodium clay (BSN-01) from Argentina and treated BSN-01. The method used to prepare the organoclay replaces the interlayer cations of the clay (Na+) by quaternary ammonium cations. Tests used X-ray diffraction to verify the obtaining of organoclays. The diffractograms showed that the basal distance of the clay BSN-01 was modified, indicating that the quaternary ammonium salt was intercalated. The results of Cation Exchange Capacity suggested that the interlayer cations of the clay were exchanged with the quaternary cations of the surfactant. Finite bath tests determined the rate and capacity of oil removal by the treated clay. Up to 42.63 mg/g of oil removal capacity (92.34% efficiency) was reached, indicating that the clay treated with CTAC is an excellent alternative in the process of oil removal.
Effect of LiF and CaO Additions on MgAl2O4 Dynamic Behavior
Authors: Skaf Tatiana Borges , Louro Luis Henrique Leme , de Vasconcelos Cardoso André Luís , Gomes Alaelson Vieira , Prado da Silva Marcelo Henrique
Published: June 2014

Lithium fluoride as well as calcium oxide were used as sintering additives to magnesium aluminate ceramics in order to provide both transparency and better densification. This work assessed the dynamic behavior of MgAl2O4 by performing split Hopkinson bar dynamic tests. The total amount of additives was 1.5 wt% in which the percentage of LiF and CaO varied from 0 to 100 wt% with an increment of 25 wt%. The obtained results indicated that CaO low concentrations induced low strength values to the ceramics of different compositions. By increasing the amount of CaO, the MgAl2O4 dynamic strengths were higher. The strain rate was reduced as the amount of CaO increased, indicating a higher trend of energy absorption corroborated by KIc measured values. On the other hand, the ceramic strain increased with the increment CaO additions.
Study on the Viability of Using Drill Cuttings from the Potiguar Basin in the Production of Ceramic Products: Influence of Concentration and Firing Temperature
Authors: Medeiros Leonardo Coutinho , Câmara Ana P.C. , Macedo Daniel A. , Melo D.M.A. , Melo Marcus A.F.
Published: June 2014

Drill cuttings are wastes produced on a large scale during the drilling of oil wells. Although there are several treatment techniques, there is still no consensus on which one are the best for the economy and environmental. On the other hand, one of the alternatives for the reuse of this waste, and purpose of the present study, is the incorporation of drill cuttings in clay matrixes. The raw materials used in this work, a mixture of clays and drill cuttings, were investigated by two basic techniques of characterization. X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction. In order to evaluate the effect of the content of drill cuttings on the technological properties of sintered ceramics, different formulations containing from 0 wt.% to 100 wt.% of drill cuttings in a clay matrix were obtained. Ceramic samples were obtained by firing at temperatures ranging from 850 °C to 1050 °C. The fired specimens were characterized by water absorption, firing linear shrinkage, resistance to bending three points and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The results indicated that the incorporation of drill cuttings is a viable alternative for the manufacture of several ceramics products, such as solid masonry bricks and ceramic blocks, at certain concentrations and firing temperatures.
Effect of Banana Fiber in the Properties of Clayey Ceramic
Authors: Babisk Michelle Pereira , de Oliveira Carolina Nascimento , Júnior Milton Pereira Soares , Vieira Carlos Maurício Fontes , Monteiro Sergio Neves , Alexandre Jonas
Published: June 2014

Banana is a typical fruit that grows in warm tropical regions of the world including everywhere in Brazil. The production of the banana plant takes place year round and its pseudo-stem, mostly made of lignocellulosic fibers, is discarded as waste. The banana fibers posses a relatively higher content of potassium, which is an alkaline element of interest to the production of common clayey ceramics, like red brick, owing to its fluxing action. Therefore, the present work investigated the effect of banana pseudo-stem fiber incorporation on the technological properties of a clayey ceramic fired at 700, 900 and 1050°C. In spite of a possible contribution to liquid phase formation, the incorporation of up to 10 wt% of banana fiber impaired the ceramic properties, especially when fired at 1050°C
Addition of Grog-Clay Ceramic Waste in Multiple Use Mortar
Authors: Alexandre Jonas , de Azevedo Afonso Rangel Garcez , Xavier Gustavo de Castro , Trindade Juliana Correa , Goliath Kíssila Botelho , Monteiro Sergio Neves
Published: June 2014

The clay ceramic industry for civil construction is responsible for the fabrication of common red products such as bricks, roofing tiles and structural blocks. A significant amount of waste from broken or distorted pieces is generated during industrial processing. Campos dos Goytacazes, in the north of state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is one of the country’s largest producer of clay ceramics but does not have an appropriate destination for their waste, also called grog. The present work characterizes this grog as a possible addition into a multiple use mortar. The characterization parameters and properties analyzed according to the Brazilian norms for the grog and for the added mortars were the standard consistency index, incorporated air content, water retention and the resistance to compression. The results showed sensible variation in the parameters with the grog firing temperature. The mortars mechanical performance was satisfactory for its multiple uses with the advantage that the grog addition reduces the mortar production cost.
Microstuctural Evaluation of a Clay Ceramic Incorporated with Granite Rejects from Stone Sawing Using Diamond Wire
Authors: de Aguiar Mariane Costalonga , Gadioli Monica Castoldi Borlini , Babisk Michelle Pereira , Candido Veronica Scarpini , Monteiro Sergio Neves , Vieira Carlos Maurício Fontes
Published: June 2014

The Brazilian sector of ornamental stones is concentrated in the country’s southeast part. This sector has both the social and economical relevance because of the magnitude of the production, including that for exportation, in association with a large number of job positions. In particular, the state of Espirito Santo (ES) is responsible for more than half of the Brazilian exportation of ornamental stones. Consequently a huge amount of wastes and rejects is generated in this ES industrial activity. The present work evaluated the microstructure of red clay ceramics incorporated with a reject from the sawing of granite blocks using the technology known as diamond wire. The clay ceramic was incorporated with 40 wt% of reject and fired at 750 and 1050oC. The microstructure was evaluated by optical and scanning electron microscopy as well as X-ray diffraction. The results indicated that the incorporation sensibly changed the microstructural aspects in which more consolidated characteristics are observed at 1050oC.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrated Calcium Phosphate: Precursors for Obtaining Biocements
Authors: Franczak Priscila Ferraz , Camargo Nelson Heriberto Almeida , Corrêa Pricyla , Gemelli Enori
Published: June 2014

Calcium phosphates biocements are biomaterials that present crystallographic and mineralogical characteristics similar to human skeletal structure. This has led to the development of new calcium phosphates biomaterials for biomedical applications, especially biomaterials for repairing defects and bone reconstruction. Calcium phosphates biocements are a promising alternative in biomedical applications, for they are easy to mold, they have good wettability, hydration and hardening capacity during its application in biological means. This work aimed at the synthesis of hydrated calcium phosphates powder, through a simple reactive method, which will be the basis for the production of calcium phosphate biocimentos with self-setting reaction. Three calcium phosphates compositions were produced via CaCO3/phosphoric acid reactive method in the ratios Ca/P = 1,5; 1,6 e 1,67 molar. The presented results are associated to hydrated powder morphology and synthesis process control. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) helped with the morphological characterization of the powders, the laser analysis method was used for determining particle size and the Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) gave support to the identification of H2O e PO43-grouping vibrational bands. The work showed that for the different powder compositions the hydrated calcium phosphate phase is formed by clustered fine particles. This demonstrated that the chosen synthesis method permits the obtention of hydrated calcium phosphates, precursors for later biocement production.
Influence of Firing Temperature on the Behavior of Clay Ceramics Incorporated with Elephant Grass Ash
Authors: da Silva Aline Marcia Ferreira Dias , Toledo Rosane , Candido Veronica Scarpini , Monteiro Sergio Neves , Vieira Carlos Maurício Fontes , Vernilli Fernando , Martini Matheus
Published: June 2014

The microstructural and technological properties of clay ceramic incorporated with 10 and 20 wt% of elephant grass ashes were investigated at different firing temperatures of 650, 850 and 1050oC. X-ray diffraction were used to obtain the minerals and phase compositions. The microstructure was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The technical properties related to water absorption, linear shrinkage and flexural rupture strength were obtained by standard test. The results showed significant changes in the microstructure and phasic composition with increasing firing temperature. A marked improvement in the water absorption, decreasing to 18% as well as increase in strength, above 5 MPa, was found at 1050°C. However, only a slight contribution might be attributed to the incorporation of elephant grass ash. Nevertheless, its use as a by-product and the associated saving in clay are relevant environmental and economical advantages.
Influence of Hydrocycloning Pressure on the Purification of Bentonite
Authors: de Oliveira P.L. , de Figueirêdo J.M.R. , Cartaxo Juliana Melo , Neves Gelmires Araújo , Ferreira Heber Carlos
Published: June 2014

The bentonite clays are rich in accessory minerals, the presence of these minerals, depending on the application can impact the value of an industrial warehouse, reducing its value and compromising its quality and industrial applications. Thus, the need to go through clay beneficiation processes to meet market specifications in order to use more than one hundred industrial applications. The objective of this work is to study the influence of pressure in the process of purification of hydrocycloning betonites clays: Superior Grey, Green Superior and Inferior Green District Cubati-PB performed to optimize the process of organophilization . The characterization of natural clays betonites was taken and purified at pressures of 1.5-2bar and 3-3.5bar through techniques: AG, XRD, EDX, TG and DTA. The results showed that the purification process is more efficient pressure 3-3.5bar.
Influence of Addition of Polysiloxane on Sintering of Al2O3
Authors: Godoy Ana Lucia Exner , Bressiani José Carlos , de Almeida Bressiani Ana Helena
Published: June 2014

The effects of adding polysiloxane (polymethylsilsesquioxane) on the sintering behavior, microstructure and hardness of alumina ceramics have been studied. The sintering kinetics of cold-pressed specimens was studied by dilatometry. Polymer sintering aid was used for alumina based ceramics sintered at 1650o C. The sintered materials were characterized using helium picnometry, x-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry and Vickers indentation. The addition of polymethylsilsesquioxane yielded alumina/Si2Al4O4N4composites. The sintering studies in nitrogen atmosphere (1650 °C/1h) revealed that the highest densities were obtained for specimens with 1wt% PMS. The materials prepared with ceramic polymer precursors had higher hardness than the standard specimen. The preparation of ceramic composites using small amounts of polymer precursors is suited for alumina based ceramics. The processing route being simple, it has the potential to enable the manufacture of complex shaped pieces.