bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mindfulness: Unpacking its three shades and illuminating integrative ways to understand the construct
Authors: Daniel Carole , Walsh Isabelle , Mesmer‐Magnus Jessica
Published: April 2022

Over time mindfulness research and practice has taken on diverse basic assumptions and theoretical traditions, and the pseudo‐scientific use of the term has become more prevalent. Given the ubiquitousness of both personal and professional applications of mindfulness, the need for a thorough understanding of its theoretical cornerstones is necessary. In this review, we use bibliometric techniques to uncover the field's intellectual roots (Study 1), and document bibliographic coupling analysis to illuminate current research avenues across management disciplines (Study 2). Our bibliometric process covers 48 references for co‐citation and 238 articles for bibliographic coupling analyses, respectively, published between 2012 and 2020. Co‐citation analysis reveals a shift of focus from the past two historical mindfulness schools of thought (Eastern and Western) to a novel intellectual structure of the mindfulness field articulated around three distinct yet overlapping research streams. We propose integrative ways to advance mindfulness research by unpacking mindfulness processes, dimensions and development, arguing that the integration of these three main foci is necessary to advance understanding of mindfulness. Bibliometric coupling analysis identifies eight management‐related mindfulness research themes. We discuss the extent to which these eight themes have comparably explored the three foci (mindfulness processes, dimensions and development) highlighted in our model. Lastly, we use our theory‐driven review to draw on under‐developed areas of research, identifying profitable directions for future research on mindfulness in the workplace and beyond.
The Orders of Vocation: A Brunnerian Proposal
Authors: Holleyman Taylor D.
Published: April 2022

This article draws on the idea of the ‘orders of creation’ as developed in Emil Brunner’s The Divine Imperative (1932) and shows that Brunner’s understanding of the orders provides a fruitful theological foundation for conceptualizing Christian vocation and for framing the process of discernment therein. However, the concept of orders of creation is a mistrusted doctrine with problematic historical baggage. A few attempts have been made to rehabilitate the concept of the orders, but a successful revival requires a more thorough reimagining of the doctrine than has been previously attempted. Examining Christian vocation within the framework of the orders of creation, I undertake to reimagine the doctrine of orders as orders of vocation, supplying a definition of vocation as the unifying principle of those tasks which emerge where the will of God intersects with one’s familial, economic, political, cultural and ecclesial responsibilities. The orders of vocation serve as a heuristic device that relativizes vocation in light of the particularities of concrete life. All activity within the orders of vocation is inevitably moral activity. Also, the orders of vocation, as opposed to orders of creation, emphasize the perennial necessity of reformation within the spheres of communal life.
Individuation of agents based on psychological properties in 10 month‐old infants
Authors: Bródy Gábor , Oláh Katalin , Király Ildikó , Biro Szilvia
Published: April 2022

What makes agents fundamentally different from each other from the viewpoint of a 10‐month‐old infant? While infants at this age can already individuate human‐like objects from non‐humanlike ones and self‐propelled agents from inert objects, little is known of when and how they start individuating within the domain of agents. What is clear from previous studies is that differences in surface and dynamic features are not sufficient. We hypothesized that mental properties—in this case the agents' preferences—can serve as an individuating property. In our study, we familiarized infants with two animated agents who had different preferences. The agents sequentially and repeatedly emerged from behind an occluder, and then each agent approached one of two target objects before returning behind the occluder. After familiarization, the occluder was lifted, revealing either one agent or two agents. While infants successfully individuated the agents in the preference‐demonstration condition, they failed to do so in the exposure‐only condition in which perceptually similar surface and dynamic features of the agents were presented but without indicating preferences. Our study thus provides evidence that mental properties can help individuate agents, grounding the claim that infants understand agents as mental entities at their core.
Alleviating psychological symptoms in nurses during disease outbreaks: An integrative review
Authors: Hawsawi Samah
Published: April 2022

Aim

To explore interventions and coping strategies used to treat the psychological symptoms associated with compassion fatigue among nurses.

Background

The rapid transmission of infectious diseases (e.g., COVID‐19) has put nurses, around the world, at high risk of developing profound psychological health issues due to compassion fatigue. If unrelieved, compassion fatigue can lead to catastrophic psychological symptoms such as depression, stress, anxiety, and insomnia, negatively impacting patient care. This necessitates interventions to prevent or mitigate the psychological symptoms of compassion fatigue.

Method

Following Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review method, the literature search comprised three databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE‐OVID, and Scopus.

Results

The 11 included studies were categorized into four themes: (1) using relaxation strategies, (2) neutralizing emotional trauma, (3) enhancing nurses’ preparedness for confronting disasters, and (4) educating nurses about coping strategies to manage their psychological issues.

Conclusion

Researchers studied several coping strategies and interventions. There is a need for policymakers' support and hospital‐level interventions. Early interventions may prevent or relieve psychological issues.

Implications

The findings have implications for hospital leaders around the world to initiate interventions that teach nurses strategies to cope with stressful events. Future researchers might consider long‐term supports and multiple interventions that target several leading causes of psychological symptoms among nurses before, during, and after high‐stress situations. Policymakers around the world could use the findings to initiate policies to facilitate nurses' access to needed resources, hence protecting their mental health and increasing the quality of patient care.
Inequalities in the disruption of paid work during the Covid‐19 pandemic: A world systems analysis of core, semi‐periphery, and periphery states
Authors: Valizade Danat , Ali Manhal , Stuart Mark
Published: April 2022

This article reveals the extent of international inequalities in the immediate impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on participation in paid work. Drawing on World Systems Theory (WST) and a novel quasi‐experimental analysis of nationally representative household panel surveys across 20 countries, the study finds a much sharper increase in the likelihood of dropping out of paid work in semi‐periphery and periphery states relative to core states. We establish a causal link between such international disparities and the early trajectories of state interventions in the labor market. Further analysis demonstrates that within all three world systems delayed, less stringent interventions in the labor market were enabled by right‐wing populism but mitigated by the strength of active labor market policies and collective bargaining.
Citrulline protects human retinal pigment epithelium from hydrogen peroxide and iron/ascorbate induced damages
Authors: Hassel Chervin , Couchet Morgane , Jacquemot Nathalie , Blavignac Christelle , Loï Cécile , Moinard Christophe , Cia David
Published: April 2022

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the ageing of the retina and in the pathogenesis of retinal diseases such as age‐related macular degeneration (ARMD). Hydrogen peroxide is a reactive oxygen species generated by the photo‐excited lipofuscin that accumulates during ageing in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and the age‐related accumulation of lipofuscin is associated with ARMD. Iron also accumulates with age in the RPE that may contribute to ARMD as an important source of oxidative stress. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of L‐Citrulline (CIT), a naturally occurring amino acid with known antioxidant properties, on oxidative stressed cultured RPE cells. Human RPE (ARPE‐19) cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or iron/ascorbate (I/A) for 4 h, either in the presence of CIT or after 24 h of pretreatment. Here, we show that supplementation with CIT protects ARPE‐19 cells against H2O2and I/A. CIT improves cell metabolic activity, decreases ROS production, limits lipid peroxidation, reduces cell death and attenuates IL‐8 secretion. Our study evidences that CIT is able to protect human RPE cells from oxidative damage and suggests potential protective effect for the treatment of retinal diseases associated with oxidative stress.
Determinants of costs and benefits in atopic dermatitis routine care in Germany
Authors: Mohr N. , Augustin M. , Zeervi L. , Bieber T. , Werfel T. , Wollenberg A. , Langenbruch A.
Published: April 2022

Background and objectives

The economic burden of atopic dermatitis (AD) is of particular interest. The present study aims to analyse the association of disease‐related characteristics, annual costs and treatment benefits in AD.

Methods

Between August 2017 and June 2019, a cross‐sectional observational study in patients with AD was conducted in Germany. Cost‐of‐illness data were assessed from the societal perspective. Disease characteristics included severity, time since diagnosis and therapy, as well as atopic comorbidity and the implementation of prevention measures. Subgroup analyses of the total costs were conducted for these characteristics. A linear regression model was applied to analyse the impact of disease characteristics on the costs. Furthermore, associations of biologic treatment with outcome parameters were analysed.

Results

A total of 1291 patients from 111 centres were included in the analyses. The total costs amounted on average to € 3660 ± € 6428 per patient and year. Higher costs were shown in various patient groups, for example, in patients using biologics (€ 20 983 vs. € 2470). In a regression analysis, gender, education and the number of implemented prevention measures were identified as significant predictors of costs. Patients treated with biologics showed consistently better outcome parameters and were more often satisfied with their treatment.

Conclusions

Gender, education and implemented prevention measures are significant cost determinants in AD. The results confirm that treatment with biologics is the main cost driver in AD. However, incremental patient‐relevant benefits of high‐priced therapy are reflected by the significantly better clinical outcomes in the group treated with biologics.
First discovery of Arsenophonus infection in spiders, predators of insect pests
Authors: Jiang Hanqi , Ding Yu , Zhao Dongxiao , Liu Xiangdong , Guo Huifang
Published: April 2022

Infection of insect pests and their parasitoids with the facultative endosymbiont Arsenophonus has been well studied, whereas infection of insect pest predators with this symbiont has not been reported. Here, we studied this symbiont in the spider Pardosa pseudoannulata, an important predator of rice planthoppers, collected from rice paddies in 8 geographical regions in China. Diagnostic PCR showed that Arsenophonus was present in 4 of the 8 sampled populations of the spider. In these 4 populations infected with Arsenophonus, the infection incidence was between 2.1% and 16.7% and significantly differed between the Li Shui (LS) population and the other three populations. It also showed that Arsenophonus could coexist with Wolbachia in 2 populations of P. pseudoannulata, and Arsenophonus populations from different geographical regions exhibited low genetic differentiation.
Brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) feeding damage determines early drop in olive crops
Authors: Zapponi Livia , Morten Michele , Chiesa Serena Giorgia , Angeli Gino , Borri Giacomo , Mazzoni Valerio , Sofia Monica , Anfora Gianfranco
Published: April 2022

The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys Stål, is an invasive species and a polyphagous pest. BMSB feeding activity was suspected to be responsible for olive damage. To evaluate the effect of feeding damage from adults and nymphs of BMSB, 30 rearing sleeves were positioned in an olive grove, at an early stage of drupe development. The individuals were kept in the rearing sleeves for 48 h, and the number of olives in each sleeve was checked weekly, visually assessing signs of damage and measuring their volume. After the 48‐hr exposure, the number of early dropped olives was significantly higher for rearing sleeves containing BMSB adults and nymphs compared with control, with visible signs of damage. The volume of olives still attached was significantly lower for rearing sleeves with adults. These results provide key evidence on BMSB damage in developing olives. If the numbers of BMSB keep increasing in Mediterranean regions (where most of the olive production occurs), actions should be taken to prevent economic losses.
Overlooked lacewings in biological control: The brown lacewing Micromus angulatus and the green lacewing Chrysopa formosa suppress aphid populations in pepper
Authors: Ntalia Paraskevi , Broufas George D. , Wäckers Felix , Pekas Apostolos , Pappas Maria L.
Published: April 2022

Lacewings are important natural enemies of soft‐bodied arthropods. Chrysopidae and Hemerobiidae in particular include promising biological control agents of key agricultural pests. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of larvae and adults of the brown lacewing Micromus angulatus and the green lacewing Chrysopa formosa in controlling the green peach aphid Myzus persicae under laboratory conditions. We found that the release of the first instar larvae of both species at the rate of 2 or 10 individuals per pepper plant was effective in reducing the populations of M. persicae, irrespectively of the initial pest infestation pressure, i.e., 10 or 20 aphids per plant. The brown lacewing larvae at the highest release rate managed to completely eliminate the aphids from the pepper plants within two weeks following release. Adult lacewings of both species released at a rate of one to two females per plant were also effective in drastically reducing of M. persicae populations. Our results highlight the potential of these two widespread but overlooked lacewing species for use in biological pest control.
Dynamics of ovarian maturation during the annual reproductive cycle of the endangered fish Steindachneridion parahybae (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) in captivity
Authors: Honji Renato Massaaki , Araújo Bruno Cavalheiro , Caneppele Danilo , Nostro Fabiana Laura Lo , Moreira Renata Guimarães
Published: April 2022

To characterize the female reproductive biology of the endangered species Steindachneridion parahybae in captivity, the authors used the concentration of gonadal steroids and the oocyte development during the annual reproductive cycle (RC) and after artificial induced spawning (AIS) until 48 h. Three stages of gonadal maturation were identified, based on morphological and physiological features: early maturation or previtellogenic (PRV) oocyte, advanced maturation or vitellogenic (VTG) oocyte and regression (REG) or follicular atresia. They identified and characterized the following stages of germ cells: oogonia, perinucleolar and cortical alveoli, and VTG and atretic oocytes during RC. The oestradiol levels were higher in PRV than those in VTG and REG during the RC, whereas androgens showed higher levels of oestradiol in VTG than those in PRV and REG. The progestogen levels remained unchanged during the whole RC. The final oocyte maturation (FOM) was achieved after AIS and postovulatory follicles (POF) were identified. Plasma concentration of progestogens (17α,20β‐dihydroxy‐pregnen‐3‐one and 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone) increased considerably after AIS, remaining high up to 6 h after AIS, and progressively decreased over time after AIS. During RC, the lack of FOM and POFs reveals that captivity negatively impacts S. parahybae reproduction. Nonetheless, the VTG stage of oocytes, reached during RC, is suitable for ovulation induction with artificial hormone manipulation, enabling the reproduction of this species in captivity and being essential for the success of fish farming and/or fish conservation programmes (conservationist aquaculture).
Carving Space and Time. Interruptions and (Un)Predictability in Infrastructural Design of Emeralds and the Mining Formalization in Colombia
Authors: Caraballo Acuña Vladimir
Published: April 2022

Colombia accounts for 80 percent of the world's emerald market. The famous beauty of its emeralds is due, in part, to the delicate work that carvers have been developing for decades in downtown Bogotá workshops. They articulate the materiality of the stones, their bodies, and the carving machines, and take precise measures with a paradoxical aim: to exceed them. This way, the valuable qualities of emeralds emerge as surprises from the indeterminate relationship between measures and excesses. In this article, I show that Colombian carvers do this by constructing an (un)predictable space and interrupted time, related to the linear spatiotemporality of three recent political processes in Colombia: the peace agreement with FARC, the country's entry into the OECD, and the formalization of mining. Using “resource becoming” and infrastructures studies, I argue that this spatiotemporal conflict helps us to rethink the relationship between time, labor, and unpredictability in economic formalization and national pacification contexts.
Misaligned hormonal rhythmicity: Mechanisms of origin and their clinical significance
Authors: Zavala Eder
Published: April 2022

Rhythmic hormonal secretion is key for sustaining health. While a central pacemaker in the hypothalamus is the main driver of circadian periodicity, many hormones oscillate with different frequencies and amplitudes. These rhythms carry information about healthy physiological functions, while at the same time they must be able to respond to external cues and maintain their robustness against severe perturbations. Since endocrine disruptions can lead to hormonal misalignment and disease, understanding the clinical significance of these rhythms can help support diagnosis and disease management. While the misalignment of dynamic hormone profiles can be quantitatively analysed though statistical and computational techniques, mathematical modelling can provide fundamental understanding about the mechanisms underpinning endocrine rhythms, particularly around the question of what makes them robust to some perturbations but fragile to others. In this study, I will review the key challenges of understanding hormonal rhythm misalignment from a mathematical perspective, including their causes and clinical significance. By reviewing modelling examples of coupled endocrine axes, I will address the question of how perturbations in one endocrine axis propagate to another, leading to the more complex issue of disentangling the contribution of each endocrine system to a robust dynamic environment.
Delayed complication of botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid filler injections: A case report
Authors: Lai Dihui , Liu Hongmei , Kong Linghong , Cheng Shaowei
Published: April 2022

Background

Botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injections are popular minimally invasive cosmetic procedures owing to their convenience, efficiency, and durability; however, adverse reactions often occur.

Materials and methods

We describe the delayed hypersensitivity reaction that occurred after sequential injections of botulinum toxin and HA filler.

Results

The histopathologic and dermatoscopic findings suggested a delayed hypersensitivity reaction with the formation of a dermal foreign body granuloma. The rash resolved 2 months following treatment with antihistamines and topical steroids cream.

Conclusion

We assume that local trauma during the blepharoplasty stimulated an immune response, which was the basis for this complication.
Anti‐wrinkle properties of Angelica gigas Nakai root extracts using mineral‐rich water
Authors: Kang Jung‐Wook , Cho Hang‐Eui , Choi Ho‐Min , Lee In‐Chul
Published: April 2022

Background

Angelica gigas Nakai is used as an herbal pharmaceutical material in Korea.

Aims

To investigate the anti‐wrinkle effects of A. gigas Nakai root extracts (ARE) using mineral‐rich water in in vitro and clinical trials.

Materials and methods

The cell viability of ARE was evaluated using a water‐soluble tetrazolium salt assay. After evaluating ARE's cytotoxicity, we used an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit to assess the effects of ARE on type I collagen in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). During a double‐blinded in vivo clinical study, participants were randomly assigned to use the sample and placebo formulations for the left and right sides of their face over an 8‐week period. We evaluated the anti‐wrinkle properties of the formulations using PRIMOS Lite and a global photodamage score.

Results

A. gigas Nakai root extracts cytotoxicity was evaluated in HDFs. We demonstrate that ARE increased type I collagen production by 40% at 50 μg/ml as compared with the control. The use of an ARE lotion significantly reduced the presence of crow's feet wrinkles in comparison with the use of the placebo after 8 weeks. Additionally, use of the ARE lotion led to decreased photodamage scores, indicating anti‐wrinkle effects.

Conclusion

The use of ARE with mineral‐rich water has anti‐wrinkle effects in in vitro and clinical trials.
Local steroid hormone injections into hypertrophic scars resulted in depression of the lesion site and radiated linear depigmentation and atrophy surrounding the lesion: A case report
Authors: Yu Tianhang , Song Jikai , Yang Shuang , Li Jin , Chen Xin , Yang Jie
Published: April 2022

Background

Local steroid hormone injections into hypertrophic scars resulted in depression of the lesion site and radiated linear depigmentation and atrophy surrounding the lesion, which is extremely rare. We reported a case.

Aim

Our report was designed to explore the causes of this adverse reaction.

Method

We reported a case of strange adverse reactions after steroid hormone injection for hyperplastic scars: depression of the lesion and linear‐like depigmentation and atrophy of the skin around the lesion, which did not improve after 1 year of topical drug treatment.

Results

We considered that the injection was too deep. Steroid crystals are deposited in normal skin tissue and absorbed by the lymphatic vessel network responsible for removing macromolecules in the interstitial tissue, resulting in linear discoloration and atrophy along the lymphatic vessels.

Conclusion

When treating hyperplastic scarring, the doctor needs to strictly grasp the depth, level, and dosage of the injection and avoid such adverse reactions.
Effects of decision aids on breast reconstruction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Yang Shu , Yu Lin , Zhang Chunmiao , Xu Mengmeng , Tian Qi , Cui Xuan , Liu Yantong , Yu Shuanghan , Cao Minglu , Zhang Wei
Published: April 2022

Aims and Objectives

To systematically evaluate the effects of decision aids for women facing breast reconstruction decision on decision conflict, decision regret, knowledge, satisfaction, anxiety and depression.

Background

Breast reconstruction decision is not good or bad and should be guided by clinical evidence and patient preferences. Decision aids can increase the patient's decision‐making enthusiasm and ability, improve the quality of decision and promote shared decision‐making between patients and medical staff.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

Eight databases were conducted from the establishment of the database until October 2021. The PRISMA checklist was selected for analysis in this paper. The meta‐analysis was conducted in Review Manager 5.3. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool. The result is decision conflict, decision regret, knowledge and other secondary outcomes. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were also conducted.

Results

A total of twelve randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the systematic review and meta‐analysis. Meta‐analysis revealed that decision aids could significantly reduce decision conflict and decision regret, improve knowledge, satisfaction and depression and had no influence on anxiety.

Conclusions

The results of the systematic review and meta‐analysis reviewed the positive effect of decision aids on the decision‐making of women facing postmastectomy breast reconstruction. In the future, more well‐designed RCTs are needed to confirm the effects of decision aids on the decision‐making of breast reconstruction and nurses should be encouraged to take part in the development of decision aids in accordance with strict standards and apply them to breast cancer patients considering postmastectomy breast reconstruction.

Relevance to clinical practice

Our study provides evidence for the effectiveness of decision aids on breast reconstruction and points to the important role of healthcare providers in the use of decision aids and in facilitating shared decision‐making.
In‐hospital education of parents of newborns may benefit from competency‐based education: A qualitative focus group and interview study among health professionals
Authors: Stelwagen Mireille , Westmaas Alvin , Van Kempen Anne , Scheele Fedde
Published: April 2022

Aims/Objectives

The aim of this study was to appraise health professionals' self‐reported practices in educating parents of hospitalised newborns from the perspective of competency‐based education and to identify areas for improvement of parental learning.

Background

Patient education is essential to achieve autonomy in parents of hospitalised newborns. The literature provides descriptions of the use of various components of competency‐based education in patient education. This suggests that competency‐based education is a valuable concept for patient education.

Design

A case‐based qualitative study.

Methods

Three focus group discussions were conducted and 28 semi‐structured interviews with 45 health professionals who practice in a hospital setting that is designed to empower parents. The data were analysed with a framework analysis approach, using a framework of competency‐based education themes for a combined inductive and deductive content data analysis. The recommendations of the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist were followed.

Findings

Two themes of competency‐based education emerged as evidently operationalised: (1) ‘Learning climate’ and (2) ‘Role modeling’. Five themes emerged as incompletely operationalised: (1) ‘Parent curriculum based on inter‐professional consensus’; (2) ‘Transparency about the competencies needed’; (3) ‘Access to teaching’; (4) ‘Assessing and reporting results’; and (5) ‘Proficiency statements based on autonomy expectations’. Two themes did not emerge: (1) ‘Empowering parents to be active learners’ and (2) ‘Evaluation and improvement of the education program’.

Conclusions

Parent education is at risk of being merely on a master‐apprentice model and may be more effective if it is designed on competency‐based education principles. Identified areas for improvement are empowering parents to be ‘active learners’ and by involving them in the evaluation and improvement of the educational program. Parent education in neonatal health care may benefit from an appraisal based on competency‐based education themes.

Relevance to clinical practice

Appraising parent education based on competency‐based education principles is feasible for improving the learning process towards parent autonomy.
Short‐term administration of oral relugolix before single‐port laparoscopic‐assisted vaginal hysterectomy for symptomatic uterine myomas: A retrospective comparative study with leuprorelin injection
Authors: Takeda Akihiro
Published: April 2022

Aim

To investigate the efficacy of short‐term administration of relugolix, a novel orally active gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, before single‐port laparoscopic‐assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) for symptomatic uterine myomas, retrospectively compared with injection of leuprorelin, a GnRH agonist.

Methods

A retrospective comparative study of each 35 women with symptomatic myomas in the relugolix and leuprorelin groups.

Results

Before administration of relugolix and leuprorelin, the median uterine volume did not differ significantly between the two groups (p = 0.53). Median uterine volume change from baseline after short‐term administration of relugolix and leuprorelin did not differ significantly (p = 0.17). Surgical duration (p = 0.84) and estimated blood loss (p = 0.48) were not different between the two groups. According to a patient questionnaire, the side effects of the drugs were not different between the two groups (p = 0.27). When patients were was asked if they wanted to have either of these drugs again, some relugolix users preferred leuprorelin due to concern about forgetting daily medication, while some leuprorelin users preferred relugolix to avoid pain at injection.

Conclusion

Oral relugolix medication or leuprorelin injection administered before single‐port LAVH for uterine myomas yielded an equivalent reduction of uterine volume and perioperative outcomes with no significant adverse events. Patient preference for either oral daily relugolix or a monthly injection of leuprorelin could be considered when preoperative management is determined.
Organizational antecedents to bootlegging and consequences for the newness of the innovation portfolio
Authors: Globocnik Dietfried , Peña Häufler Birgit , Salomo Søren
Published: April 2022

Literature on strategy, innovation, and portfolio management has recently shown increased interest in the concept of planned emergence. This builds on an understanding that organizations' innovation is triggered both by deliberate top‐down management approaches as well as emergent bottom‐up processes. However, little is known on how to effectively plan emergence. In this context, bootlegging has been mentioned as a potential approach, describing instances in which employees choose to innovate without the knowledge and permission of top managers. Whereas past research has focused on the individual employee, we shift the perspective to the overall tendency of bootlegging in organizations. We investigate which organizational conditions facilitate the propensity of bootlegging becoming a widespread practice in an organization, and how this tendency is associated with the organization's innovativeness. Drawing on the theory of creative deviance, we argue that organizations deploying management practices fostering emergent and induced innovation initiatives increase structural strain and thereby bootlegging tendency in such organizations. As more innovation initiatives are elaborated outside the formal process, the number and diversity of ideas outside the strategic scope should increase. Higher bootlegging tendency is thereby proposed to be associated with higher portfolio innovativeness. Empirical evidence from the study of 930 respondents in 124 firms supports the notion that management practices supporting emergent innovation initiatives increase bootlegging tendency, which in turn increases newness of the organization's innovation portfolio. Management practices inducing a particular innovation direction are, in contrast, less prone to trigger structural strain with lesser effects on bootlegging tendencies of the organization. In sum, we contribute to the literature by providing evidence on bootlegging as a promising approach to enable “planned emergence”. We illustrate how different types of management practices can be used to regulate deviance in the organization to achieve higher degrees of newness of the organization's innovation outcomes.
The Diversity of Lichenized Trentepohlioid Algal (Ulvophyceae) Communities is Driven by Fungal Taxonomy and Ecological Factors
Authors: Borgato Luca , Ertz Damien , Van Rossum Fabienne , Verbeken Annemieke
Published: April 2022

Trentepohliales are a group of both free‐living and lichenized algae, with most diversity occurring in tropical regions. Recent studies showed that the abundance of lichens with a trentepohlioid photobiont has been increasing in temperate habitats, probably because of global warming, which makes them an interesting study case. A detailed molecular study of the diversity of lichenized Trentepohliales, epiphytic as well as epilithic, was performed in three forests of north‐western Europe. Additional samples of lichens of the Arthoniales order (associating essentially with a trentepohlioid photobiont) from other European regions and from other continents were also sequenced. A total of 195 algal sequences were obtained. Phylogenetic analyses with rbcL and ITS loci were performed and associations between phylogenetic distances of photobionts and ecological factors (substratum, climate or Wirth indices, mycobiont taxonomy, and geographic location) were tested by variation partitioning and phylogenetic signal analyses. The high number of rbcL algal haplotypes found in some lichens or on different substrata revealed that the Trentepohliales diversity in extratropical regions was underestimated. The phylogenetic patterns showed selectivity of some photobionts in their fungal partner choice and vice‐versa, while others were linked with several haplotypes. Photobionts seemed to be less selective than mycobionts. The main factors influencing lichenized algal community were climate and mycobiont species. Coevolution between mycobionts and photobionts as well as switching between free living and lichenized lifestyles appeared to drive the evolution of Trentepohliales and might explain the high cryptic diversity observed, which might be changing in some regions due to climate change.
Assessment of a hearing protection device on infant sleep in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Bloch‐Salisbury Elisabeth , McKenna Lauren , Boland Emma , Chin Donald
Published: April 2022

Premature infants often require prolonged hospitalisation in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) where they are exposed to adverse noise that may disrupt sleep and further compromise recovery and developmental outcomes. This single‐session trial assessed the effects of a novel circumaural hearing protection device (DREAMIES®; NEATCAP Medical LLC) on sleep in 10 premature infants (mean 34.1 weeks GA) in a Level III NICU. Using polysomnography (PSG), the infant's sleep was compared between three interfeed periods throughout which DREAMIES® was ON or OFF. Each infant received the same condition order, OFF1‐ON‐OFF2. The PSG 30 s epochs were scored by a rater masked to the condition as Quiet Sleep, Active Sleep, Indeterminate Sleep, and Wake. There was a 14.1% increase in sleep from OFF1 to ON (p = 0.05) and an 18.4% decrease in sleep from ON to OFF2 (p = 0.02); an analogous inverse effect was observed for wake (χ2 = 5.03, p = 0.08). There was a main effect of DREAMIES on active sleep (χ2 = 7.4, p = 0.025) due to more active sleep for ON1 (46%) compared with OFF2 (32%; p = 0.074). No significant effect was observed for quiet sleep or indeterminate sleep. On average, the sound level was 51 dBA (range 36–113 dBA) and did not differ significantly among the three periods. The strongest relationship between the minute‐by‐minute maximum sound level and movement actigraphy was observed for the OFF1 condition (ρ0.301, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that DREAMIES® may augment sleep in premature infants by reducing acute episodes of adverse noise in the NICU.
Poor sleep quality may contribute to dysfunctional illness perception, physical and emotional distress in hospitalised patients: results of a national survey of the Italian Society of Consultation‐Liaison Psychiatry
Authors: Palagini Laura , Zerbinati Luigi , Balestrieri Matteo , Belvederi Murri Martino , Caruso Rosangela , D'Agostino Armando , Ferrara Maria , Ferrari Silvia , Minervino Antonino , Massa Lucia , Milia Paolo , Miniati Mario , Maria Giulia Nanni , Petrucci Alessandra , Pini Stefano , Politi Pierluigi , Porcellana Matteo , Rocchetti Matteo , Taddei Ines , Toffanin Tommaso , Grassi Luigi
Published: April 2022

Distress associated with physical illness is a well‐known risk factor for adverse illness course in general hospitals. Understanding the factors contributing to it should be a priority and among them dysfunctional illness perception and poor sleep quality may contribute to it. As poor sleep quality is recognised as a major risk factor for health problems, we aimed to study its association with illness perception and levels of distress during hospitalisation. This cross‐sectional study included a consecutive series of 409 individuals who were hospitalised in medical and surgical units of different hospitals located throughout the Italian national territory and required an assessment for psychopathological conditions. Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh (Sleep Quality Index), emotional and physical distress with the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS), and illness perception with the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ). Differences between groups, correlations and mediations analyses were computed. Patients with poor sleep quality were more frequently females, with psychiatric comorbidity, with higher scores in the ESAS and BIPQ. Poor sleep quality was related to dysfunctional illness perception, and to both emotional and physical distress. In particular, by affecting cognitive components of illness perception, poor sleep quality may, directly and indirectly, predict high levels of distress during hospitalisation. Poor sleep quality may affect >70% of hospitalised patients and may favour dysfunctional illness perception and emotional/physical distress.Assessing and treating sleep problems in hospitalised patients should be included in the routine of hospitalised patients.
The adolescent pattern of sleep spindle development revealed by HD‐EEG
Authors: Bocskai Gábor , Pótári Adrián , Gombos Ferenc , Kovács Ilona
Published: April 2022

Sleep spindles are developmentally relevant cortical oscillatory patterns; however, they have mostly been studied by considering the entire spindle frequency range (11–15 Hz) without a distinction between the functionally and topographically different slow and fast spindles, using relatively few electrodes and analysing wide age‐ranges. Here, we employ high‐density night sleep electroencephalography in three age‐groups between 12 and 20 years of age (30 females and 30 males) and analyse the adolescent developmental pattern of the four major parameters of slow and fast sleep spindles. Most of our findings corroborate those very few previous studies that also make a distinction between slow and fast spindles in their developmental analysis. We find spindle frequency increasing with age. A spindle density change is not obvious in our study. We confirm the declining tendencies for amplitude and duration, although within narrower, more specific age‐windows than previously determined. Spindle frequency seems to be higher in females in the oldest age‐group. Based on the pattern of our findings, we suggest that high‐density electroencephalography, specifically targeting slow and fast spindle ranges and relatively narrow age‐ranges would advance the understanding of both adolescent cortical maturation and development and the functional relevance of sleep spindles in general.
Population genomics of introduced Nile tilapiaOreochromis niloticus(Linnaeus, 1758) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Repeated introductions since colonial times with multiple sources
Authors: Geraerts Mare , Vangestel Carl , Artois Tom , Fernandes Jorge Manuel de Oliveira , Jorissen Michiel W. P. , Chocha Manda Auguste , Danadu Mizani Célestin , Smeets Karen , Snoeks Jos , Sonet Gontran , Tingbao Yang , Van Steenberge Maarten , Vreven Emmanuel , Lunkayilakio Wamuini Soleil , Vanhove Maarten P. M. , Huyse Tine
Published: April 2022

During colonial times, Nile tilapiaOreochromis niloticus(Linnaeus, 1758) was introduced into non‐native parts of the Congo Basin (Democratic Republic of the Congo, DRC) for the first time. Currently, it is the most farmed cichlid in the DRC, and is present throughout the Congo Basin. Although Nile tilapia has been reported as an invasive species, documentation of historical introductions into this basin and its consequences are scant. Here, we study the genetic consequences of these introductions by genotyping 213 Nile tilapia from native and introduced regions, focusing on the Congo Basin. Additionally, 48 specimens from 16 other tilapia species were included to test for hybridization. Using RAD sequencing (27,611 single nucleotide polymorphisms), we discovered genetic admixture with other tilapia species in several morphologically identified Nile tilapia from the Congo Basin, reflecting their ability to interbreed and the potential threat they pose to the genetic integrity of native tilapias. Nile tilapia populations from the Upper Congo and those from the Middle–Lower Congo are strongly differentiated. The former show genetic similarity to Nile tilapia from the White Nile, while specimens from the Benue Basin and Lake Kariba are similar to Nile tilapia from the Middle–Lower Congo, suggesting independent introductions using different sources. We conclude that the presence of Nile tilapia in the Congo Basin results from independent introductions, reflecting the dynamic aquaculture history, and that their introduction probably leads to genetic interactions with native tilapias, which could lower their fitness. We therefore urge avoiding further introductions of Nile tilapia in non‐native regions and to use native tilapias in future aquaculture efforts.
The phytopathogen Dickeya dadantii 3937 cpxR locus gene participates in the regulation of virulence and the global c‐di‐GMP network
Authors: Jiang Daqing , Zeng Quan , Banerjee Biswarup , Lin Haiping , Srok John , Yu Manda , Yang Ching‐Hong
Published: April 2022

Bacteria use signal transduction systems to sense and respond to their external environment. The two‐component system CpxA/CpxR senses misfolded envelope protein stress and responds by up‐regulating envelope protein factors and down‐regulating virulence factors in several animal pathogens. Dickeya dadantii is a phytopathogen equipped with a type III secretion system (T3SS) for manipulating the host immune response. We found that deletion of cpxR enhanced the expression of the T3SS marker gene hrpA in a designated T3SS‐inducing minimal medium (MM). In the ∆cpxR mutant, multiple T3SS and c‐di‐GMP regulators were also up‐regulated. Subsequent analysis revealed that deletion of the phosphodiesterase gene egcpB in ∆cpxR abolished the enhanced T3SS expression. This suggested that CpxR suppresses EGcpB levels, causing low T3SS expression in MM. Furthermore, we found that the ∆cpxR mutant displayed low c‐di‐GMP phenotypes in biofilm formation and swimming. Increased production of cellular c‐di‐GMP by in trans expression of the diguanylate cyclase gene gcpA was negated in the ∆cpxR mutant. Here, we propose that CpxA/CpxR regulates T3SS expression by manipulating the c‐di‐GMP network, in turn modifying the multiple physiological activities involved in the response to environmental stresses in D. dadantii.
Education on the Sustainable Development Goals for nursing students: Is Freire the answer?
Authors: Fields Lorraine , Dean Bonnie A. , Perkiss Stephanie , Moroney Tracey
Published: April 2022

Significant global events in recent years have had a substantial impact on the nursing profession. The COVID‐19 pandemic, climate change, and systemic racism are a few of the many complex issues that create a landscape of disruption and uncertainty in healthcare. With the aims of protecting both people and the planet, the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals offer a road map to combat these global concerns, yet require more widespread consideration as a way forward. Education on the Sustainable Development Goals is recognised as a key aspect for healthcare professionals to take action towards achieving the targets of the goals. For student nurses, the undergraduate curriculum offers an opportunity to enculturate future nurses on the important role they play in the global agenda to transform our world. Brazilian pedagogue Paulo Freire's theoretical approach to education, critical pedagogy, espouses transformation with conscientization, dialogue and liberation, which may create a paradigm shift toward global action. This discussion paper seeks to provide an argument for embedding the Sustainable Development Goals into nursing curricula using the philosophies of Freire's critical pedagogy. It will argue that a critical approach to education is required to create the transformation needed for student nurses to be educated on the Sustainable Development Goals.
Rice diterpenoid phytoalexins are involved in defence against parasitic nematodes and shape rhizosphere nematode communities
Authors: Desmedt Willem , Kudjordjie Enoch Narh , Chavan Satish Namdeo , Zhang Juan , Li Riqing , Yang Bing , Nicolaisen Mogens , Mori Masaki , Peters Reuben J. , Vanholme Bartel , Vestergård Mette , Kyndt Tina
Published: April 2022

Rice diterpenoid phytoalexins (DPs) are secondary metabolites with a well known role in resistance to foliar pathogens. As DPs are also known to be produced and exuded by rice roots, we hypothesised that they might play an important role in plant–nematode interactions, and particularly in defence against phytoparasitic nematodes.

We used transcriptome analysis on rice roots to analyse the effect of infection by the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola or treatment with resistance‐inducing chemical stimuli on DP biosynthesis genes, and assessed the susceptibility of mutant rice lines impaired in DP biosynthesis to M. graminicola. Moreover, we grew these mutants and their wild‐type in field soil and used metabarcoding to assess the effect of impairment in DP biosynthesis on rhizosphere and root nematode communities.

We show that M. graminicola suppresses DP biosynthesis genes early in its invasion process and, conversely, that resistance‐inducing stimuli transiently induce the biosynthesis of DPs. Moreover, we show that loss of DPs increases susceptibility to M. graminicola. Metabarcoding on wild‐type and DP‐deficient plants grown in field soil reveals that DPs significantly alter the composition of rhizosphere and root nematode communities.

Diterpenoid phytoalexins are important players in basal and inducible defence against nematode pathogens of rice and help shape rice‐associated nematode communities.