bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

The usual business was conducted at the Anniversary meeting, including the election of new Fellows and the presentation of a list of deceased Fellows. Other reports presented included: A report on the number of Fellows on the Society’s Roll A report on the progress of the Society’s forthcoming publicationsReports into excavations undertaken by the Society during the previous sessionA list of important additions to the Society’s museumA report on the Society’s relationship to the Board of ManufacturesThe Annual report on the number of visitors to the Society’s museum and the items added to the museum and library.

 

Meeting notes for 12 December, 1904 are appended.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 13 February 1905.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 12 March 1906.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 14 May 1906.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Front matter for Volume 40

Table of contents

List of illustrations

Office-bearers 1905-6

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

List of the Fellows November 1906

List of Corresponding members (elected since 1851)

List of Honorary members November 1906

List of the Lady Associates November 1906

List of Societies, Institutions, &c., Exchanging publications
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 14 January 1907.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Front matter for Volume 42

Table of contents

List of illustrations

Office-bearers 1907-8

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

List of the Fellows November 1908

List of Corresponding members (elected since 1851)

List of Honorary members November 1908

List of the Lady Associates November 1908

List of Societies, Institutions, &c., Exchanging publications
Notice of the Excavation of a Cairn at Mossknowe, on the Kirtle Water, Dumfriesshire
Authors: Bate Dorothea M A
Published: December 2022

Report of the excavation of a cairn in May 1908, led by Dorothea M A Bate. The creation of a trench and removal of clay revealed an encircling ditch and two stone slabs, without tools marks. At the bottom of the cist, the unburnt human remains of one or two adults with a child or children were uncovered. No pottery or weapons were found. Bate concludes the burial would have been of considerable importance due to the size of the cairn and its central position.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 10 May 1909.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Front matter for Volume 43

Table of contents

List of illustrations

Office-bearers 1908-9

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

List of the Fellows November 1909

List of Corresponding members (elected since 1851)

List of Honorary members November 1909

List of the Lady Associates November 1909

List of Societies, Institutions, &c., Exchanging publications
Notice of the Excavation of a Hut-Circle near Ackergill Tower, Wick, Caithness
Authors: Cree James E
Published: December 2022

A report on the excavation of a newly discovered hut circle. The walls were composed of stones laid on sandy soil and survived to a height of one and a half feet. The thickness of the wall was irregular. Two doorways and a stone floor were revealed. A small paved passageway led up to one of the doors. Outside the wall of the hut-circle, and to the left of the entrance, a small chamber completely walled in was found. A few animal bones, shells, two iron objects and a bone pin were recovered during the excavation.
Notes on the Old Parish Church of Glamis
Authors: Stirton John
Published: December 2022

The only surviving part of the old church is known as the mortuary chapel. The original church was demolished in 1792 when the new church was built. Surviving documentary references are presented and the new church is described. Relics belonging to the kirk of Glamis include four communion cups of silver, a pulpit bible, a carved oak box, a mort cloth of black velvet and a fragment of a Celtic cross.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 13 February 1911.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 13 March 1911.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 10 April 1911.
Notice of some Unrecorded Sculptured Stones at Edderton, Ross-shire, and at Foss, Perthshire
Authors: Macrae Donald
Published: December 2022

A slab at Edderton has an incised, equal-armed cross with trefoil ends, and, below it, a long sword with recurved guards, pointed trefoil pommel, and blunt point. In the fourth quadrant of the cross there is a lion rampant, langued. The stone has evidently been a palimpsest, used and lettered more than once, for initials of later occupants of the grave have been cut through part of the cross and the lion. The stone is probably originally of the thirteenth or fourteenth century. A lintel now in the billiard-room of Balnagown Castle, but formerly in the mansion-house of Daan, in the Parish of Edderton has three circles, each 16 inches in diameter, and at each end of the stone is a bearded human face carved inside a semicircle enclosed within a moulding. Between the middle circle and the others are the initials A and M and M and F. Just above the latter, and beginning after the crescent, is the motto " SOLI DEO GLO-RIA," with the date 1680. The first and third circular panels have coats of arms with mottoes. In the middle panel is a man in what appears to be a Geneva\r\ncloak, and with a small skull-cap on his head. He holds in his hands a book, whereon is written, " Fear God in hairt as ye may be bad." Surrounding the figure is the motto " SEEVIRE DEO EST REGNAEE," and the initials M H M E R. The third stone is a lintel in Edderton House, inscribed with initials at different dates and a text from Scripture. A standing stone with an incised cross on one face survives at Tombreck.
Notes on the Life of William Lithgow, Traveller, 1582-1645
Authors: Reid Thomas
Published: December 2022

The notes on the life of William Lithgow, popularly known as " Lugless Willie," are chiefly derived from fresh material available through the publication of the Records and Charters of the Burgh of Lanark, 1150-1722; from an examination of the will of Lithgow's mother, dated 1603; and from notices regarding the family of Lithgows at Boathaugh, Lanark, contained in the MS. minutes of the Kirk-Session of Lanark. He acquired celebrity through the publication of the narrative of his travels in 1632, and by reason of the tortures inflicted on him by the Spanish Inquisition. The circumstances attending the cutting off of his ears are surrounded with considerable mystery.
Note on the Ogam and Latin Inscriptions from the Isle of Man, and a recently found Bilingual in Celtic and Latin
Authors: Kermode P M C
Published: December 2022

A brief account of the previously published Latin and Ogam inscriptions on the Isle of Man is accompanied by illustrations. The new discovery from Knoc y doonee, has the first example of a bilingual inscription in Ogam and in Roman capitals from the island. It is a large pillar of clay slate. The fact of the pillar having its edges dressed shows that this cannot be a monument of the earliest period; but the inflexions in the Celtic inscription and the plain capitals and whole character of the Latin one, are, with the forms of the names, in keeping with the idea that it may belong to the first half of the sixth century.
Report on Stone Circles in Perthshire, principally Strathearn, with measured Plans and Drawings (obtained under the Gunning Fellowship)
Authors: Coles Frederick R
Published: December 2022

The stone circles are described in a sequence from west to east in six groups: Comrie, Durnchan, Crieff, Fowlis Wester, Glen Almond and west of Perth. A total of forty seven sites, six of which are newly discovered, are presented in the gazetteer. All the circles are small.
The Churchyard Memorials of St Andrews
Authors: Reid Alan
Published: December 2022

St Andrews, and particularly its cathedral graveyard, is extremely rich in the variety and value of its monumental remains. It presents examples of nearly every style of tombstone, and of many original forms of symbolism. Earlier published accounts are expanded upon and new discoveries are described. Many of the stones are now in the Cathedral Museum. In addition to more than fifty table stones there is an immense number of Celtic, mediaeval, and later details gathered from different quarters of the city. Mortsafes and coffin guards are also included.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Front matter for Volume 45

[The year of the Society session is identified as the 'one hundred and thirtieth' session in the printed text – likely a misprint.]

Table of contents

List of illustrations

Office-bearers 1910-1

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

List of the Fellows November 1911

List of Corresponding members (elected since 1851)

List of Honorary members November 1911

List of the Lady Associates November 1911

List of Societies, Institutions, &c., Exchanging publications
Recent Discoveries in Tranent Churchyard
Authors: Reid Alan
Published: December 2022

During refurbishment the south-east doorway (or Priest's door) was revealed. Notable memorials include the large flat tombstone commemorating Alexander Craufurd, vicar of Tranent. Several slabs of later date, and rich in symbolic devices, have also\r\nbeen uncovered and include the elaborate table tomb of the Scott family.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 12 February 1912.
Account of the Excavation of a Broch near Craigcaffie, Inch Parish, Wigtownshire, known as the Teroy Fort
Authors: Curle Alexander O
Published: December 2022

The broch is located on a round rocky prominence and survives to a height of only two and a half feet. The guard chamber survives on the right side of the entrance but does not survive on the left. The division of the guard-chamber into two\r\ncompartments is a peculiar feature, also the facing of its walls with slabs. The wall has been largely removed and it was not possible to determine the position of the stairway. There was no evidence of lengthy occupation and artefacts included some pottery, the upper stone of a rotary quern, a lump of iron, charcoal and burnt bone.
Account of the Examination of a Relic Bed on the Mote of Ingleston, Kelton Parish, Kirkcudbright, from which was recovered a Padlock of tubular form; and a Note of similar Padlocks preserved in the National Museum of Antiquities
Authors: Curle Alexander O
Published: December 2022

A variety of objects were recovered including much wood charcoal, a few particles of calcined bone, a quantity of burnt or compressed clay and light slag or cinders, iron nails with a rhomboidal head at one end and a round nut hammered on at the other, fine red ware pottery and an iron padlock of well known medieval type. In addition to that found at Ingleston there are five specimens in the National Museum, none of which have hitherto been described or illustrated. Two may have come from a broch, one from an earth-house, one from a crannog and one is unprovenanced. The type discovered at Ingleston seems to have had a lengthy period of use.
Note on a Hoard of Silver Coins found at Mellendean, near Sprouston, Roxburghshire
Authors: Macdonald George
Published: December 2022

A total of 532 coins were recovered during ploughing. They include Scottish, Irish and English coins along with foreign sterling from a variety of different mints.
Further Notes on the Antiquities of Skye, chiefly in the Districts of Sleat and Strath
Authors: MacLeod Fred T
Published: December 2022

The article describes standing stones, tumuli, the broch at Dunvegan, a well, medieval grave slabs and post-medieval chapels.
Archaeological Gleanings from Killin
Authors: Cash C G
Published: December 2022

A number of cup-marked rocks are described and illustrated. The account also features standing stones, burial grounds and oddities such as St Filan's curing stones and Fingal's grave which is marked be a standing stone.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 8 April 1912.
Notice of the Discovery of two Drinking-Cup Urns in a Short cist at Mains of Leslie, Aberdeenshire
Authors: Callander J Graham
Published: December 2022

A short cist containing a beaker urn, and the skeletal remains of a man of about middle age lying on the right side and facing the south, was discovered along with a second cist containing only a beaker. A third cist contained two beakers which is uncommon.
Notice of a Pair of Quern Stones found at Highland Dykes, near Falkirk, in 1911
Authors: Buchanan Mungo
Published: December 2022

A pair of quern stones in splendid condition were found together in the roots of an oak tree which had been blown down during a recent gale. They are made of puddingstone and comprise the upper and lower stones of a rotary quern.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 13 May 1912.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Front matter for Volume 46

Table of contents

List of illustrations

Office-bearers 1911-2

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

List of the Fellows November 1912

List of Corresponding members (elected since 1851)

List of Honorary members November 1912

List of the Lady Associates November 1912

Societies, Institutions, &c., Exchanging publications
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

The usual business was conducted at the Anniversary meeting, including the election of new Fellows and the presentation of a list of deceased Fellows. Other reports presented included: A report on the number of Fellows on the Society’s Roll A report on the progress of the Society’s forthcoming publicationsReports into excavations undertaken by the Society during the previous sessionA note on the Rhind Lectureship from the previous sessionA report on the number of items added to the Society’s museumA brief obituary was also read for David Christison, who served as Secretary of the Society for 17 years.

 

Meeting notes for 9 December, 1912 are appended.
Fords, Ferries, Floats, and Bridges near Lanark
Authors: Reid Thomas
Published: December 2022

An account of the fords, ferries, floats and bridges on the river Clyde near Lanark. Documentary evidence is considered and a detailed discussion of the part these constructions played in the history of the period is presented. The appendix provides details of the disbursements involved in building the Bridge of Clydsholm (1694).
The Roads and Bridges in the Early History of Scotland
Authors: Inglis Harry R G
Published: December 2022

Up to the fifteenth century the movements of all the chief expeditions in Scotland seem to have been across open country, and it was only the erection of bridges in the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries that made definite the lines of traffic, which afterwards gradually developed into roads. The structures are considered under the following headings: early literature and documents, comparative chronology and chief pre-Reformation bridges (mainly Stirling and Perth).
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 10 March 1913. Before the meeting began, the Vice-President gave an address thanking Joseph Anderson for his years of service to the Society and its museum ahead of his retirement.
Notes on a Medieaval Burgess's House at Inverkeithing
Authors: Mears F C
Published: December 2022

Fordell House is of fifteenth century date and follows the design of the small " keep," both in arrangement of parts and in details of workmanship. Houses of this type and date only rarely survive in Scotland. Detailed plans and elevations are included.
Notes on some Undescribed Objects from the Roman Fort at Newstead, Melrose
Authors: Curle James
Published: December 2022

Excavation of the South Annex took place after the main body of work and only limited information was included in the publication. This article provides further details of a range of objects including part of a leather chamfron (for protection of a horse's head), a bronze cooking pot, an oak wheel and a stone mortar. The majority are dated to the Antonine period.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 14 April 1913.
Note of the Discovery of a Steatite Urn in Harray, Orkney, now presented to the Museum
Authors: Fraser John
Published: December 2022

The investigation of a group of five 'Norse' burial mounds is reported. A roughly built cist in the largest of the mounds contained nothing but earth, while the second largest mound contained cremated human bone within a steatite urn laid on a bed of charcoal. An examination of two of the smaller mounds disclosed neither cist nor urn, only ashes, fragments of bones, and some bits of round charred wood.
St Regulus Tower, St Andrews - Where did the Stones with which it was built come from?
Authors: Thoms Alexander
Published: December 2022

The stone used to build the tower differs from that used for the cathedral and has survived in better condition. It is concluded, on the basis of microscopic analysis that the stone used in the building of St Regulus Tower was local and not from Northumberland as has been argued elsewhere.
Note on a Balance and Weights of the Viking Period, found in the Island of Gigha
Authors: Bryce Thomas H , Desch Cecil H
Published: December 2022

The circumstances of discovery of the objects is unknown. They are rare in Scotland and only two other examples are known from a Viking burial mound in the island of Colonsay and one which formed part of a hoard ploughed up at Croy, Inverness-shire. The group consists of a portion of the beam, the indicator, and the pans of a balance, two suspension pieces in the shape of birds, three weights, and a leaden whorl. In construction the balance exactly resembles balances of the Viking period in Norway and Sweden. Metallurgical analysis indicates that the material is bronze coated with tin.
Note on a Small Hoard of Silver Coins found in Eastfield Moss, Fauldhouse
Authors: Macdonald George
Published: December 2022

The hoard consisted of thirty-seven pennies. Many of them were much rubbed and worn. A detailed scrutiny revealed wide differences of date. The majority of the Edward pennies were later than the great coinage of 1300. But one belonged to the issue of 1280, while there were three that must have been minted in 1281. On the other hand, two of those from the ecclesiastical mint at Durham bore the mark of Bishop Kellow (1311-1316), the remaining three showing the mark of his predecessor Beck (1283-1310). Nor were the Kellow pieces the latest: a penny of London and one of Canterbury were evidently contemporary with the Durham pennies of Bishop Beaumont (1317-1333). The sterling of Robert de Bethune (1305-1322) had been minted at Alost, being No. 14 in Chautard's Monnaies au type esterlin. On the whole, the most probable date of burial is circa 1320.
The Church Bells of Linlithgowshire
Authors: Eeles Francis C
Published: December 2022

Sometimes bells were multiplied in a church tower without regard to the musical relation of their notes, such a collection of bells being rung together at haphazard, or the single bells used separately. Another method was to cast a large number of small bells upon which tunes could be played. After the Reformation period there was a great development on the Continent of these musical bells, the sets of which are known as carillons : the bells themselves were fixed " dead," as it\r\nis called, and struck by hammers operated by a system of wires attached to a row of keys or levers. A few of these are known in larger Scottish churches. As far as bells are concerned, Scotland has till recently been Continental in practice, and\r\nlittle, if at all, influenced by England. In Linlithgowshire there are twelve old churches, or churches representing old churches, in which ancient bells remain or\r\nin which they could have survived and six with modern bells.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 13 January 1913.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 12 January 1914.
The Orientation of Scottish Churches, Illustrated by an Analysis of some examples in Aberdeenshire and Banffshire
Authors: Eeles Francis C
Published: December 2022

The Celtic Church seems to have been specially rigid in the matter of orientation. Churches were built east and west, the altar being at the east end, the clergy and people in chancel and nave in front of it. This was also the case with side chapels, and the lesser altars which multiplied so greatly in the large town churches in the later Middle Ages. A list of churches with their orientations and dedications is appended.
Note on Three Sculptured Monuments recently discovered in Garvock Churchyard, Kincardineshire
Authors: Barron Douglas G
Published: December 2022

The tombstones were discovered during the lowering of the graveyard. These were a fragment of a medieval stone with Calvary cross and sword; a stone with a double headed cross composed of two circles connected by a long narrow shaft and a sword; and a memorial to William Greig, carved in high relief and decorated with a pair of pincers, a dagger, pistol, hammer and anvil.
An Account of the Excavation of the Broch of Ayre, St Mary's Holm, Orkney
Authors: Graeme A Sutherland
Published: December 2022

In common with most other brochs, iron implements were found within the walls of this building and it is evident that weapons of iron were in use before the demolition of the broch. Of more interest is the mass of conglomerate which was found amid a bed of clay on the floor level, and surrounded with much broken pottery. The adjacent part of the main wall showed signs of fierce fire, and the fragments of pottery fused into the conglomerate point to some attempt to smelt either the metal or the ore. A section through a passage in one of the outbuildings shows that in successive layers different types of fuel were being burnt. All the artefacts are catalogued and there is a report on the human and animal bone.
The 'Stayt' of Crieff - A Bronze-Age Burial Site
Authors: Headrick Mungo
Published: December 2022

The source of a Food Vessel in the National Museum of Scotland is identified as a mound in the lands of Broich which contained two stone-built cists as reported in newspapers in 1860. The Earls of Strathern held court here until 1665 when the old Tolbooth was built in Crieff. Some documents relating to the activities of the court still exist.
Account of the Excavation of the Edwardian Castle at Castledykes, Kirkcudbright
Authors: Robison J , Curle Alexander O
Published: December 2022

The first documentary reference to the castle is in 1288 when John Comyn was its guardian. Excavation revealed the entire ground plan of what would have been an extremely large and formidable fortress. It was surrounded by a deep moat with deep ditches on three sides and was bounded by the sea on the fourth. The surviving castle dates mainly from 1588 and was probably rebuilt from the remains of the earlier castle. Small quantities of pottery dating from the late thirteenth or early fourteenth century were recovered along with a small toothed comb, an iron knife and a small iron pick.
Notes on certain Standing Stones in Argyllshire
Authors: Shennan Sherriff
Published: December 2022

Two groups of standing stones are described. A group of four at Duachy and a group of three at Lagavulin. It is suggested that they may represent a class of ancient monument consisting of two upright monoliths standing more or less north-south with a recumbent stone between them pointing east. Apparently disconnected monoliths may be linked by way of distance and direction.
The Carved Stone Balls of Scotland: A New Theory as to their Use
Authors: Mann Ludovic MacLellan
Published: December 2022

Carved stone balls occur mostly in Scotland and all the examples are in stone except one of bronze. They have been variously assigned to the Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age and early Christian period. The author favours an origin in the Iron Age and suggests that they may have functioned as movable poises on primitive weighing machines.
An Oransay Shell-mound - A Scottish Pre-Neolithic Site
Authors: Bishop A Henderson
Published: December 2022

It is argued that this site has much in common with Mas d'Azil in France. The characteristic implements of both sites are flat harpoons of bone and deer-horn, sometimes with one, sometimes with two rows of barbs, and generally perforated near the base. Other implements common to both sites are shoe-horn-like chisels of deer-horn and bone pins, along with pieces of pumice stone. However, the convex faceted chisels (limpet gouges)are peculiar to Scottish sites. The object of the paper is to demonstrate through excavation the existence of human habitation on or about the line of the 25-30 feet beach at a time when the sea had not permanently retired from that level and to reveal the Azilian nature of the culture indicated in the occupation, and thus to correlate it directly with that of the Oban caves. The excavation of the shell mound at Cnoc Sligeach is described in detail with many plans and sections. An appendix lists all the animal bone, fish bone and shells recovered.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

The usual business was conducted at the Anniversary meeting, including the election of new Fellows and the presentation of a list of deceased Fellows. Other reports presented included: A report on the number of Fellows on the Society’s Roll A report on the progress of the Society’s forthcoming publicationsA report on the renovations to the Society’s museum and library, as well as the items added to the collections over the previous sessionReports into excavations undertaken by the Society during the previous sessionA note on the Rhind Lectureship from the previous sessionTranscriptions of two letters that the Council sent in response to the outbreak of the First World War: the first to the American Ambassador in London and the second to the President of the Société national des Antiquaires de France. The Treasurer presented the Annual Report on the Society’s finances

 

Meeting notes for 14 December, 1914 are appended.
Account of Excavations on Traprain Law in the Parish of Prestonkirk, County of Haddington, in 1914
Authors: Curle Alexander O
Published: December 2022

An account of excavation of the fortified settlement. The fortifications encircle almost all of the hill measuring nearly half a mile long and 330 yards in diameter and comprise two distinct phases of construction. At least five gateways have been identified. Five trenches were excavated and recovered evidence for multiple phases of occupation. Features in the interior included the foundations for buildings and hearths. The report presents details of the pottery assemblage, personal ornaments, glass vessels, harness mountings, weapons, tools, mould, crucibles and coins.
Notes on Dun an Iardhard, a Broch near Dunvegan, excavated by Countess Vincent Baillet de Latour, Uiginish Lodge, Skye
Authors: Macleod Fred T , Ritchie James T , Baillet de Latour Countess Vincent
Published: December 2022

In contrast with many of the duns in Skye this example is only slight elevated. The interior was completely filled by fallen masonry all of which was removed. The main entrance is flanked by projecting masonry, and guard chambers either side. The diameter is 174 feet and the surviving height of the broch is 29 feet. Artefacts included a necklace of amber beads, a steatite armlet, a quernstone, a whetstone, animal bone, decorated pottery and a lot of iron slag.
Association of Lipoprotein(a) Levels With Incidence of Major Adverse Limb Events
Authors: Guédon Alexis F. , De Freminville Jean-Baptiste , Mirault Tristan , Mohamedi Nassim , Rance Bastien , Fournier Natalie , Paul Jean-Louis , Messas Emmanuel , Goudot Guillaume
Published: December 2022

Importance

High lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) levels are involved in the development of cardiovascular events, particularly in myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. Studies assessing the Lp(a) levels associated with adverse lower-limb events are lacking.

Objective

To assess the association between Lp(a) levels and incidence of major adverse limb events in unselected hospitalized patients.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This large retrospective monocentric cohort study was conducted from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2020. Data were derived from the clinical information system of the Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, a Paris-based university hospital. Patients who underwent at least 1 Lp(a) measurement at the center during the study period were included. Patients who had no follow-up data or who had the first Lp(a) measurement after the study outcome had occurred were excluded. Data analyses were performed from May 2021 to January 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the first inpatient major adverse limb event, defined as a major amputation, peripheral endovascular revascularization, or peripheral surgical revascularization, during follow-up. Secondary outcomes included individual components of the primary outcome. Lipoprotein(a) levels were categorized as follows: normal (<50 mg/dL), high (50 to <134 mg/dL), and very high (≥134 mg/dL); to convert Lp(a) values to milligrams per liter, multiply by 0.1.

Results

A total of 16 513 patients (median [IQR] age, 58.2 [49.0-66.7] years; 9774 men [59.2%]) were included in the cohort. The median (IQR) Lp(a) level was 24 (10.0-60.0) mg/dL. The 1-year incidence of major adverse limb event was 2.44% in the overall population and 4.54% among patients with very high Lp(a) levels. High (adjusted accelerated failure time [AFT] exponential estimate: 0.43; 95% CI, 0.24-0.78; Benjamini-Hochberg–corrected P = .01) and very high (adjusted AFT exponential estimate: 0.17; 95% CI, 0.07-0.40; Benjamini-Hochberg–corrected P < .001) Lp(a) levels were independently associated with an increased risk of major adverse limb event.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this study showed that higher Lp(a) levels were independently associated with an increased risk of a major adverse limb event in hospitalized patients. The Lp(a) measurement needs to be taken into account to improve lower-limb vascular risk assessment.
Assessment of hostile intent attributions across escalating conflict stories
Authors: Godleski Stephanie A. , Murray‐Close Dianna
Published: December 2022

Previous research suggests the importance of intent attributions in the development and maintenance of aggressive behavior. The primary purpose of the current study was to develop a measure assessing increases in attributions of hostility in response to escalating social conflict scenarios that were relational and instrumental in nature and to determine whether hostility trajectories were associated with relevant social experiences and behavior. A sample of primarily emerging adults (n = 750; M age = 19.97, SD = 3.60; 49.4% women, 48.3% men, 2.3% nonbinary or transgender; 69.9% Caucasian) responded to surveys regarding social behavior, peer victimization, and reports of hostile attribution biases in addition to the developed measure. Findings indicated that individuals adjusted their intent attributions across the conflict escalation stories, as reflected in linear increases in hostility ratings. Hostile attribution trajectories were also related to hostile attribution biases, peer victimization, and social behavior, including physical and relational aggression and prosocial behavior.
Bioadhesive Design Toward Renewable Composites: Adhesive Distribution and Molecular Adhesion
Authors: Zhou Shengfei , Jin Kai , Khan Talia , Martin-Moldes Zaira , Kaplan David L. , Buehler Markus J.
Published: December 2022

Improvements in renewable compositions of adhesives are key for advancing the existing wood industry and developing biocomposites. Building upon prior studies on fundamental interactions between model compounds of fiber and bioadhesives, more complex bioadhesives are investigated. Cold denaturation of soy protein isolate (SPI) in dilute sodium hydroxide provide sufficient physical strength for wood composites. Due to swelling, 5% epoxy resin is added to the SPI adhesive resulting in improved physical strength and water resistance. The SPI and epoxy are evenly distributed on the fiber surface, while additional SPI fills the gaps between fibers based on fluorescence microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show that the physical strength of the composites increases with the content of SPI, with the number of hydrogen bonds (H‐bonds) as primary driver; in MD simulations, the composite strength is highest at 3% epoxy, though higher epoxy doses results in more H‐bonds. In ReaxFF MD simulations, other contributions (e.g., van der Waals energy) show no correlation. The developed bioadhesive and the interaction mechanism demonstrate here emphasize the weak physical interactions in these materials, though covalent bonds and other larger scale phenomena are important as well for macro performances of the bioadhesives.
Combining Finite Element and Machine Learning Methods to Predict Structures of Architectured Interlocking Ceramics
Authors: Ravanbakhsh Hossein , Behbahani Razyeh , Yazdani Sarvestani Hamidreza , Kiyani Elham , Rahmat Meysam , Karttunen Mikko , Ashrafi Behnam
Published: December 2022

Attaining optimum structural ceramic designs calls for an extensive search in a vast design space. Herein, the thermomechanical properties of interlocked ceramics are evaluated and an approach to assist their design under thermal shock loading is proposed. A combination of finite‐element (FE) and machine learning (ML) methods is used to simulate behaviors of systems and then to sweep the vast domain of input combinations to determine the best‐performing designs, respectively. First, FE modeling is done using a limited number of interlocking architectures with different design parameters via Comsol Multiphysics. The simulation data is used for training ML algorithms. Of the examined ML algorithms, Gaussian process regression (GPR), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and neural networks (NN) more accurately predict the thermomechanical responses of the interlocking ceramics. After validation, the combination of FE and ML approaches is applied to thermal shielding and heat sink applications to find the optimal interlocked ceramics in terms of minimal out‐of‐plane deformation and maximal heat absorption, respectively. The results show the success of the approach in finding optimum designs in a space of more than 2 million cases. The striking success of the ML approach implies its promising potential for predicting physical properties of ceramics.
Comparison of Energy Absorption Performance and Mechanical Response of Metal Fiber Porous Materials under Two Strain Rates
Authors: Wang Jianzhong , Ma Jun , Ao Qingbo , Xiao Lijun , Song Weidong
Published: December 2022

The relationship between dynamic impact response and pore structure of metal fiber porous materials is a frontier interdisciplinary science issue in the fields of materials and mechanics. Dynamic impact (strain rate of 800 s−1) and quasi‐static compressive (strain rate of 10−3 s−1) behavior of stainless steel fiber porous materials (SSFPMs) are discussed and compared for different porosity levels and fiber diameters. Furthermore, the stress wave character during dynamic compression is also analyzed. Results indicate that the compressive properties and the plateau region of the stress–strain curve are affected significantly by porosity and strain rate; high strain rate or low porosity yields higher compressive strength, higher Young's modulus, and shorter plateau region. Moreover, SSFPMs with a porosity of 70% or less may be especially suitable for applying at the quasi‐static compression condition to absorb energy completely. Besides, the optimum porosity or the allowable peak stress at a certain condition can be determined according to the energy absorption diagram of SSFPMs. Additionally, the stress wave propagated inside SSFPMs comprises three waves, the incident, the reflected, and the transmitted ones, independent of porosity and fiber diameter, and the propagation behavior of the stress wave is mainly influenced by porosity, not fiber diameter.
Improved Thermoelectric Performance of Cu2SnSe4 by Proper Decoupling Between Electron and Phonon Through Replacement of Sn with In
Authors: Qu Luping , Yang Chao , Luo Yong , Li Cong , Du Zhengliang , Cui Jiaolin
Published: December 2022

The carrier transport mechanism in most thermoelectric semiconductors is governed by conventional band transport, however, there is an exception in ternary Cu2SnSe4 (CTS) or its based counterparts in which the transport mechanism is dominated by a small polaron hoping model. The sluggish movement of the small polaron greatly suppresses the mobility of the carrier due to the strong coupling of the electron with the phonon, therefore, a proper decoupling is highly necessary. To achieve this goal, herein, InSe bonds are created by incorporating some indium into the cation vacancy in CTS, which effectively balances the transports between electron and phonon. As a consequence, both the electrical property (σ) and thermal conductivity (κ) are optimized in the sample Cu2Sn1−xInxSe4 (x = 0.1), and its thermoelectric performance improves with the highest figure of merit (ZT) of 0.5. This value is ≈52% higher than that of the pristine CTS, proving that incorporation of In in the cation vacancy in CTS is an alternative way to balance the transports between electron and phonon.
Super‐Wideband Electromagnetic Absorbing TiC/SiOC Ceramic/Glass Composites Derived from Polysiloxane and Titanium Isopropoxide with Low Thickness (<1 mm)
Authors: Yang Ni , Xu Shaofan , Zhang Dajie , Xu Chengying
Published: December 2022

Herein, TiC/SiOC ceramic/glass composites with excellent electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing performance are fabricated by pyrolysis of polycarbosiloxane and titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TTIP). By taking advantage of the polymer‐derived route, the phase compositions and microstructures are easily tuned. The composites are investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy. Nanoscaled TiC is formed and uniformly distributed without clustering within the SiOC matrix. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and in situ XRD results revealed good thermal stability and oxidation resistance mechanism. The presented material system (TiC/SiOC) shows a super‐wide microwave absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 13.5 GHz, including the entire Ka‐band (26.5–40 GHz) with a low thickness requirement (<1 mm). The superior EMW absorption properties of the ceramics are attributed to the optimal interface polarization, as well as the ordering, concentration, and interconnectivity of the conductive network, which all determine the electrical conductivity in the composites.
Unexpected Insulating Polymer Maneuvered Solar CO2‐to‐Syngas Conversion
Authors: Mo Qiao‐Ling , Li Jia‐Le , Xu Shu‐Ran , Wang Kun , Ge Xing‐Zu , Xiao Yang , Wu Gao , Xiao Fang‐Xing
Published: December 2022

CO2 reduction to carbon feedstocks using heterogeneous photocatalysis technique has been deemed as an attractive means of addressing both deteriorating greenhouse effect and depletion of fossil fuels. Nevertheless, deficiency of accessible active sites on the catalyst surface, low CO2 adsorption rate, and short carrier lifetime retard the photocatalytic CO2 conversion into hydrocarbon fuels. In this study, the controllable construction of spatially separated directional charge transport pathways over multilayered heterostructured transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) based photosystems for high‐performance photocatalytic CO2‐to‐syngas conversion are shown. In this scenario, ultrathin non‐conjugated insulating poly(diallyl‐dimethyl‐ammonium chloride) (PDDA) layer are intercalated in‐between TMCs and layered double hydroxide (LDH) and serve as an efficient electron transfer mediator, whilst LDH functions as a hole‐withdrawing regulator, both of which synergistically foster the spatial vectorial charge migration/separation over TMCs, thus endowing the TMCs/PDDA/LDH heterostructures with significantly boosted visible‐light‐driven photoactivity toward CO2 conversion into syngas. This study can inspire sparkling new ideas to realize fine tuning of charge motion for stimulating solar‐to‐fuel conversion.
Convergent Approaches to Delineate the Metabolic Regulation of Tumor Invasion by Hyaluronic Acid Biosynthesis
Authors: Shimpi Adrian A. , Tan Matthew L. , Vilkhovoy Michael , Dai David , Roberts LaDeidra Monet , Kuo Joe Chin‐Hun , Huang Lingting , Varner Jeffrey D. , Paszek Matthew , Fischbach Claudia
Published: December 2022

Metastasis is the leading cause of breast cancer‐related deaths and is often driven by invasion and cancer‐stem like cells (CSCs). Both the CSC phenotype and invasion are associated with increased hyaluronic acid (HA) production. How these independent observations are connected, and which role metabolism plays in this process, remains unclear due to the lack of convergent approaches integrating engineered model systems, computational tools, and cancer biology. Using microfluidic invasion models, metabolomics, computational flux balance analysis, and bioinformatic analysis of patient data, the functional links between the stem‐like, invasive, and metabolic phenotype of breast cancer cells as a function of HA biosynthesis are investigated. These results suggest that CSCs are more invasive than non‐CSCs and that broad metabolic changes caused by overproduction of HA play a role in this process. Accordingly, overexpression of hyaluronic acid synthases (HAS) 2 or 3 induces a metabolic phenotype that promotes cancer cell stemness and invasion in vitro and upregulates a transcriptomic signature predictive of increased invasion and worse patient survival. This study suggests that HA overproduction leads to metabolic adaptations to satisfy the energy demands for 3D invasion of breast CSCs highlighting the importance of engineered model systems and multidisciplinary approaches in cancer research.
m6A Reader YTHDF1‐Targeting Engineered Small Extracellular Vesicles for Gastric Cancer Therapy via Epigenetic and Immune Regulation
Authors: You Qing , Wang Fang , Du Rong , Pi Jingnan , Wang Huayi , Huo Yue , Liu Jingyi , Wang Chen , Yu Jia , Yang Yanlian , Zhu Ling
Published: December 2022

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modulators decide the fate of m6A‐modified transcripts and drive cancer development. RNA interference targeting m6A modulators promise to be an emerging cancer therapy but is challenging due to its poor tumor targeting and high systematic toxicity. Here engineered small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) with high CD47 expression and cyclic arginine–glycine–aspartic (c(RGDyC)) modification are developed for effective delivery of short interfering RNA against m6A reader YTH N6‐methyladenosine RNA binding protein 1 (YTHDF1) to treat gastric cancer via epigenetic and immune regulation. This nanosystem efficiently depletes YTHDF1 expression and suppresses gastric cancer progression and metastasis through hampering frizzled7 translation and inactivating Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in an m6A dependent manner. Loss of YTHDF1 mediates overexpression of interferon (IFN)‐γ receptor 1 and enhances IFN‐γ response, promoting expression of major histocompatibility complex class I on tumor cells to achieve self‐presentation of the immunogenic tumor cells to stimulate strong cytotoxic T lymphocytes responses. CD47 expression on the engineered sEVs can competitively bind with signal regulatory protein α to enhance phagocytosis of the tumor cells by tumor‐associated macrophages. This versatile nanoplatform provides an efficient and low toxic strategy to inhibit epigenetic regulators and holds great potential in promoting immunotherapy.
Van der Waals Multilayer Heterojunction for Low‐Voltage Organic RGB Area‐Emitting Transistor Array
Authors: Pan Zhichao , Liu Kai , Miao Zhagen , Guo Ankang , Wen Wei , Liu Guocai , Liu Yanwei , Shi Wenkang , Kuang Junhua , Bian Yangshuang , Qin Mingcong , Zhu Mingliang , Zhao Zhiyuan , Guo Yunlong , Dong Huanli , Liu Yunqi
Published: December 2022

Organic light‐emitting transistors (OLETs) have garnered considerable attention from academy and industry due to their potential applications in next‐generation display technologies, multifunctional devices, and organic electrically pumped lasers. However, overcoming the trade‐offs among power consumption, external quantum efficiency (EQE), and uniform area emission remains a long‐standing issue for OLETs. Herein, a van der Waals multilayer heterojunction methodology is proposed to enhance the layer‐to‐layer interfacial interaction and contact, resulting in better dipole shielding, carrier transport, exciton recombination, and current density distribution. The prepared multilayer heterojunction OLET (MLH‐OLET) array shows uniform and bright RGB area emission and low operating voltage (<30 V among the lowest applied voltage of reported lateral LETs). Additionally, a high brightness under area emission of 1060 cd m−2, a high EQE value of 0.85%, and a high loop stability (over 380 cycles, outperforming state‐of‐the‐art OLETs) indicate that the proposed multilayer heterojunction is obviously superior to the reported lateral device configuration. The van der Waals multilayer heterojunction developed for the preparation of OLET arrays sufficiently meets the low‐voltage, high‐performance, and low‐cost requirements of future display technologies.
Advancement in Soft Iontronic Resistive Memory Devices and Their Application for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Khan Muhammad Umair , Kim Jungmin , Chougale Mahesh Y. , Shaukat Rayyan Ali , Saqib Qazi Muhammad , Patil Swapnil R. , Mohammad Baker , Bae Jinho
Published: December 2022

The aqueous electrolyte can be a deformable and stretchable liquid material for iontronic resistive memory devices. An aqueous medium makes a device closer to the brain‐like system with the movement of ions. This review paper proposes advances in liquid resistive memories and neuromorphic computing behavior to emulate electronic synapses. Primarily, the aqueous iontronic resistive memories can be used to study electrode and active layer materials and different device structures. Hence, herein, a timely and comprehensive study of these devices using ionic liquids, hydrogels, salt solutions, and soft electrodes to classify the device mechanism is presented. The filament formation is discussed in detail based on ion concentration polarization, electrode metallization, and movements of ions and charged molecules, which result in the formation of the metal dendrite. To manufacture a higher‐performance memory, device parameters should be optimized based on aqueous electrolytes, electrode materials, and other device design parameters. Aqueous electrolytes have smooth neurotransmission ability to fabricate brain‐inspired resistive memories with stable performance and device repeatability with smooth ion transmission. Aqueous electrode materials can be reliable for neural interface activities to compute electronic synapsis with electrical and chemical properties to ensure device reliability for a longer time period.