bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract P3108: Induced-Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes As A Model To Investigate Cardiotoxicity Of A Panel Of Breast Cancer Drugs
Authors: Matthews Elizabeth R , Johnson Omar , Gutierrez Jose A , Ward Michelle
Published: November 2022

Anthracyclines (AC) are a class of antineoplastic drugs which are used to treat breast cancer (BC) subtypes including triple-negative BC. The 2019 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results study indicates high BC survival rates and low reoccurrence with chemotherapy regimens that include AC. AC treatment, however, is associated with developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a subset of people, despite these patients having no history of CVD. Because CVD is typically irreversible, understanding patient susceptibility to AC toxicity is critical to cancer treatment management and long-term patient survival. As a first step towards understanding the genetic and mechanistic basis for AC-induced cardiotoxicity, we have developed an
in vitro
cardiomyocyte (CM) model using a panel of four genotyped induced-Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) lines to test the effects of three AC (Doxorubicin, Epirubicin and Daunorubicin) and two non-AC (Mitoxantrone and Trastuzumab) BC drugs. We can reliably differentiate beating CMs at a median purity 90.5% based on the expression of cardiac-specific troponin T. Drug exposure for 48 hours reveals cardiotoxicity at micromolar concentrations across all drugs except for Trastuzumab, with Daunorubicin and Mitoxantrone exhibiting the greatest effect. We observe mRNA expression changes of stress response genes such as p53 within six hours of drug treatment, suggesting that an early transcriptional response mediates these effects. Using this model, we plan to measure the global transcriptional response to drug exposure across individuals and correlate these changes with each individual’s genetic variants to gain insight into cardiotoxicity susceptibility.
Abstract P3110: Mechanism Of Cardiotoxicity Associated With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Osimertinib
Authors: Singh Anand P , Castro Claire , Singh Abhilasha Shiv Chandra , Li Haobo , Sheffield Cedric D , Roh Kangsan , Roh Jason D , Rosenzweig Anthony
Published: November 2022

Background:
Osimertinib is a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Osimertinib potently and selectively inhibits EGFR-T790M resistance mutations in patients with NSCLC harboring these mutations. Emerging evidence from clinical trials has identified potential cardiotoxic effects of osimertinib including heart failure, atrial fibrillation (AF), and QT interval prolongation. The mechanisms underlying osimertinib-induced cardiotoxicity, however, are poorly understood.

Methods:
To investigate potential mechanisms of osimertinib-induced cardiotoxicity, we tested the drug in both
in vitro
cultured cardiomyocytes (CMs) and wild-type C57BL/6 mice
in vivo
, corresponding to doses used in preclinical development. Echocardiography was performed in mice to assess the effect on cardiac function.
In vivo
electrophysiology studies were also performed to assess effects on osimertinib-induced AF and QT prolongation susceptibility.

Results:
Osimertinib (500 nM, 72 hours) reduced CM viability in NRVMs (p=0.0001), and induced apoptosis as determined by TUNEL assay (p=0.004) and upregulated Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (mRNA: 1.45-fold, p=0.001). In wild-type C57BL/6 mice, osimertinib (5 mg/Kg/day, 4 weeks) decreased ejection fraction (37.15±3.99% vs control: 51.04±2.23%, p=0.0001) and fractional shortening (17.69±2.18% vs control: 25.56±1.51%, p=0.0001). This was associated with an increase in cardiac BNP expression (mRNA: 1.72-fold, p=0.005) and apoptotic Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (protein: 1.85-fold, p=0.02). Electrophysiology studies also demonstrated 2:1 atrioventricular block (p=0.03) in osimertinib treated mice and increased AF susceptibility. A combination of
in vitro
and
in vivo
mechanistic analyses demonstrated that osimertinib significantly inhibits pro-survival ERK signaling pathway.

Conclusions:
Our results demonstrate that the cardiotoxicity seen with osimertinib in clinical trials is largely recapitulated in preclinical models, and that osimertinib can directly induce CM death. These models may provide a foundation for further investigating mechanism of osimertinib-induced cardiotoxicity and interventions to mitigate it.
Abstract P3115: The Protective Effect Of Canagliflozin Against Carfilzomib-induced Endothelial Toxicity
Authors: Dabour Mohamed S , Abdelgawad Ibrahim , Grant Marianne , Zordoky Beshay
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
The anti-cancer agent carfilzomib (CFZ) is associated with serious cardiovascular side effects. There is anecdotal clinical evidence that endothelial dysfunction contributes to CFZ-induced cardiovascular complications; however, the toxic effects of CFZ have not been reported in endothelial cells (ECs). The anti-diabetic Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT
2
) inhibitors have newly emerged as cardio-protective agents in heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. The objectives of the current work are to characterize the toxic effects of CFZ in two human-derived endothelial cell lines, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and EA.hy926, determine the molecular signaling changes associated with these toxic effects, and investigate the protective effects of SGLT
2
inhibitors (Empagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, Canagliflozin) on CFZ-induced endothelial toxicity.

Methods:
Both ECs were treated with clinically relevant concentrations of CFZ (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1 μM) for 24 hours. EA.hy926 cells were treated with 0.5 μM CFZ with or without SGLT
2
inhibitor (0.1, 1, 10, 50, 100 μM). Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay and protein expressions of apoptotic markers, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and the p70S6K pathway were determined by western blotting.

Results:
CFZ reduces cell viability and induces apoptotic cell death in the two cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. CFZ-induced apoptosis is also associated with activation of the p38 and JNK MAPK pathways and a remarkable inhibition of the p70S6K pathway. In EA.hy926, Canagliflozin prevents reduction in cell viability caused by CFZ, while empagliflozin and dapagliflozin have not shown any protective effects in vitro. Mechanistically, canagliflozin abrogates CFZ-induced endothelial cell apoptosis, and prevents CFZ-induced JNK activation.

Conclusion:
This is the first study to report the endothelial toxicity of CFZ. CFZ induces endothelial cell apoptosis which may contribute to CFZ-induced cardiovascular complications and canagliflozin protects against CFZ endothelial toxicity. Future research is warranted to identify the protective effects of SGLT
2
inhibitors against CFZ in vivo.
Abstract P3118: Understanding And Overcoming Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity Via Mitochondrial Antioxidants
Authors: Farris Lindsey R , Yammani Rama D , Poole Leslie B
Published: November 2022

Chemotherapeutic-induced cardiomyopathies have surpassed cancer as the leading cause of death in patients post-remission. The highly efficacious anti-neoplastic agent, Doxorubicin (DOX), is a major culprit of dose-limiting cardiotoxicity, though the method of insult is not completely understood. While cardiotoxicity is likely multifaceted, a route of interest is the upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that leads to mitochondrial damage and other cellular complications within cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes are heavily reliant on their mitochondria as the source of cellular energy, as 30% of cell volume is taken up by the organelle. To understand and counter ROS accumulation in the mitochondria with DOX administration, we are investigating the role of mitochondrially targeted antioxidants. We have found that DOX increases cytotoxicity and caspase-3 cleavage in cardiomyoblasts
in vitro
while inhibiting activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) which plays an important role in cellular antioxidant response. We have also found MitoQ, an analog of coenzyme Q, to be protective against DOX cytotoxicity in cell culture. To further evaluate MitoQ ability to mitigate DOX cardiotoxicity, we are investigating the mechanism of action via the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, interplay with DOX anti-cancer efficacy, and
in vivo
therapeutic potential. The endogenous mitochondrial peroxiredoxin, Prx3, has been implicated as an important player in both tumor growth and ROS management in disease models, and it has been shown to be upregulated in the hearts of mice as well as in H9C2 cardiomyoblasts after DOX exposure. We aim to understand how the high ROS environment created by DOX-administration leads to potential post-translational modification of Prx3, thus affecting its role as a possible signaling protein. The interactions between MitoQ and Prx3 will also be elucidated. These
in vitro
studies will guide future
in vivo
experimentation to further understand DOX cardiotoxicity and evaluate a potential adjuvant therapeutic.
Abstract P3126: Sphingomyelinase Participates Diet - Induced Increases In Aortic Stiffness And Cardiac Dysfunction
Authors: Habibi Javad , DeMarco Vincent G , Hulse Jack L , Whaley-Connell Adam , Hill Michael A , Sowers James R , Jia Guanghong
Published: November 2022

Excessive accumulation of ceramides induces mitochondria dysfunction and promotes toxicity in multiple types of cells, including endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. Neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) is thought to increase ceramide levels through sphingomyelin hydrolysis, and the resultant increase in ceramides plays a role in the pathogenesis of a number of disorders, such as atherosclerosis and heart failure. While inhibition of nSMase attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis and heart failure, little is known regarding its role in correcting impaired metabolic signaling, arterial dysfunction and metabolic cardiomyopathy. Accordingly, we hypothesized that nSMase inhibition with GW4869, attenuates Western diet (WD) - induced increases in aortic stiffness and cardiac dysfunction through effects on pathways which lead to oxidative stress and inflammation. Six week-old female C57BL/6L mice were fed either a WD containing excess fat (46%) and fructose (17.5%) for 16 weeks or a standard chow diet (CD). Mice were treated with GW4869 (2.0 μg/g body weight, intraperitoneal injection every 48 hours for 12 weeks). WD consumption increased plasma nSMase activation and tissue nSMase2 expression in concert with aortic stiffening and impaired vasorelaxation as determined by pulse wave velocity (PWV) and wire myography, respectively. WD fed mice exhibited reduced EF (systolic dysfunction) and increased E/E’ and IVRT (diastolic dysfunction) determined by in vivo Doppler ultrasound. Moreover, these functional abnormalities were associated with attenuated AMP-activated protein kinase, Sirtuin 1, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation. These functional and metabolic abnormalities were blunted by in vivo GW4869 treatment. These findings indicate that targeting nSMase prevents diet - induced aortic stiffening and cardiac dysfunction by correction of impaired metabolic signaling.
Abstract P3133: Endothelial Nup93 Selectively Regulates The LaminB1 Isoform To Limit Features Of Cellular Senescence And Consequent Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Nguyen Tung D , Rao Mihir K , Horne Mary G , Winek Michael A , Lee Monica Y
Published: November 2022

Recent translational studies have focused on the role of the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) and its component nucleoporin proteins (
i.e.
nucleoporin93 [Nup93]) as potential mediators of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is one of the largest structures found in the nuclear envelope, serving as the main transport conduit between the nucleus and cytoplasm. While historically perceived as static gateways with the sole purpose of nucleocytoplasmic exchange, recent investigations implicate nucleoporins in several transport-independent features (
e.g.
nuclear lamin organization). Here, we show that endothelial loss of Nup93, a critical NPC protein, selectively reduces expression of the laminB1 isoform while enhancing γ-H2AX-Ser139 phosphorylation, both well-known markers for cellular senescence. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments in Nup93-enriched fractions indicate a preferential association with the LaminB1 isoform, when compared to Lamin A/C. Furthermore, endothelial depletion of Nup93 promotes inflammation, increases stress fiber formation, and enhances paracellular permeability - all features of cellular senescence and ensuing EC dysfunction. Collectively, our data demonstrate that a Nup93-LaminB1 interaction may be required to maintain adequate LaminB1 expression in ECs, where the age-associated decline in Nup93 levels may selectively reduce LaminB1 isoform levels to drive the consequent pathological features of endothelial senescence, a known contributor to vascular aging and CVD.
Abstract P3134: Mechanosensitive Piezo2 Channel Mediates The Exaggerated Exercise Pressor Reflex In A Mouse Model Of Hind Limb Ischemia.
Authors: li qinglu , Garry Mary G
Published: November 2022

The exercise pressor reflex (EPR) is a reflexive mechanism in which blood pressure and heart rate increase in response to skeletal muscle contraction. These reflexive increases are caused by both mechanical and metabolic stimulation of group III and IV afferent neurons innervating in contracting skeletal muscle. Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) have an exaggerated EPR which contributes to exercise intolerance and morbidity and mortality. Recently, we developed a mouse model of EPR, and have validated that the mouse model is similar to our rat model. With this mouse model of EPR, we studied the EPR following femoral artery ligation (FAL), briefly the right hind limb common femoral artery was ligated and transected between the proximal end near the groin and the distal end near the bifurcation of the popliteal artery and the saphenous artery. The same procedure was done without femoral artery ligation and transection for sham control. We observed that the mean arterial pressure (MAP) responses to ventral root stimulation (which excite metabo- and mechano-sensitive afferent neurons) and passive stretch (mechanosensitive stimulation only) were exaggerated 72 hours following FA ligation when compared to sham treated controls. The exaggerated EPR was significantly reduced by intra-arterial administration of Gadolinium (a mechanical sensitive group III afferent neurons inhibitor), GsMTx-4 (a selective Piezo2 inhibitor), but not by SB-705498 (a TRPv1 receptor inhibitor). Additionally, selective stimulation of metabolically sensitive afferent neurons by intra-arterial capsaicin injection (an activator of metabolically sensitive afferent neurons) induced equal, dose-related increases in MAP in both FA ligation and control mice. Finally, immunofluorescence staining visualized that the mechano-sensitive channel Piezo2 is localized in most large diameter neuron cells in mouse lumbar DRG. First, these results indicate that metabolically sensitive afferent neurons are not affected by FAL. Second, we observed that the exaggerated EPR in a murine model of PAD is mediated by mechanically sensitive group III neurons, which is due, in part, to Piezo2 receptor activation. Future studies will be aimed at interrogation of the mechanosensitive mechanisms that mediate this abnormal response to exercise in a model of PAD. The goal of these studies will be to determine molecular targets through which the exaggerated EPR can be normalized to allow for the prescription of exercise in PAD patients.
Abstract P3136:
Notch3
Deficiency Impairs Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Contractility And Glymphatic Function In The Brain
Authors: Romay Milagros , Ma Feiyang , Hernandez Gloria E , Salvador Jocelynda , Mirkov Snezana , Batra Ayush , Sullivan David , Knutsen Russell , Kronquist Elise , Ferrante Elisa , Pellegrini Matteo , Muller William A , Boehm Manfred , Kozel Beth , Iruela Arispe Luisa I
Published: November 2022

While most cases of vascular dementia represent complex interactions between host genetics and environmental factors, mendelian forms of vascular dementia also exist. Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), is a mendelian disease characterized by progressive vascular deterioration, cognitive deficits, and strokes. Mutations in the NOTCH3 receptor underlies the pathologies in CADASIL.
NOTCH3
is primarily expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) and its’ expression is critical for differentiation and functional integrity of arterial vSMCs, albeit through unclear mechanism(s). To elucidate the contribution of NOTCH3 in the maintenance of cerebral vascular architecture and function, we performed micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) on the brains of aged
Notch3
-deficient animals. Micro-CT assessment of the cerebral vasculature architecture showed significant abnormalities including severe vessel dilation and tortuosity (dolicoectasia) of the middle cerebral artery and its branches in the
Notch3
-/-
compared to aged-match controls. To identify the molecular pathway from NOTCH3 dysregulation to the observed cerebral vascular dysfunction, we performed single-cell RNASeq on cerebral arteries isolated from young (4w) and old (104w)
Notch3
-/-
animals. Evaluation of the vSMC-specific transcriptomes indicated significant loss of proteins associated with muscle contraction and increased extracellular matrix production in animals that lack NOTCH3. Using a combination of immunofluorescence microscopy and
in vitro
functional assays, we confirmed that continued expression of
Notch3
is a critical requirement for maintenance of vSMC contractile function. Impaired contractility also affected flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the parenchyma of
Notch3
-/-
. MRI and behavioral assessments were performed in the
Notch3
-/-
animals to elucidate the relationship between impaired vascular contractility to cognitive function. Taken together these findings link the molecular dysfunction of NOTCH3 through its regulation of vascular contractility and cerebral vessel architecture to altered neurological function and clarify the molecular pathways to cellular pathology of Notch3 driven dementias.
Abstract P3137: Drp1-dependent Mitochondrial Fission Induces Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Dysfunction Through Kruppel-like Factor 4 Upregulation
Authors: Huynh Diem Thi Ngoc , Jin Yujin , Nguyen Thuy Le Lam , Heo Kyung-Sun
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic switching and subsequent VSMC proliferation and migration are major events that are closely associated with progression of cardiovascular diseases. Mitochondria play key roles in regulation of cell function. Recent findings have revealed that mitochondrial fission promotes proliferation and migration of VSMCs.

Hypothesis:
This study aimed to explore the role of a new drug candidate, ginsenoside Rh1, in Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced VSMC migration and proliferation and its underlying mechanisms.

Methods:
Sulforhodamine B and wound-healing assay were used to evaluate effects on cell proliferation and migration. Molecular mechanisms were investigated using western blotting, qRT-PCR analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and luciferase assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured by dihydroethidium and MitoSOX staining.

Results:
We found that pretreatment with 50 μM Rh1 significantly suppressed Ang II-induced cell proliferation (% of decrease vs. Ang II group: 17.41 ± 2.38%,
p
< 0.01,
n
= 5) and migration (% of decrease vs. Ang II group: 198.8 ± 2.67%,
p
< 0.001,
n
= 5). Concomitantly, Ang II-increased both protein and mRNA levels of MMP2, MMP9, PCNA, and cyclin D1 were reduced by Rh1 pretreatment. Rh1 incubation also reversed the changes in both protein and mRNA expressions of α-SMA, vimentin, and osteopontin induced by Ang II. Besides, Ang II enhanced protein expression and promoter activity of KLF4, a key regulator of phenotypic switching, whereas pretreatment with Rh1 reversed these effects. Mechanistically, inhibitory effects of Rh1 were found to be associated with inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling pathway and ROS generation. In addition, deactivation of ERK1/2 suppressed phosphorylation of DRP1 at Ser 616. Notably, inhibition of DRP1-dependent mitochondrial fission by Mdivi-1 inhibited KLF4 expression and transcriptional activity induced by Ang II.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, mitochondrial fission involves Ang II-induced VSMC proliferation and migration through KLF4 upregulation, and that Rh1 inhibits VSMC dysfunction by suppressing ROS-mediated ERK1/2/DRP1/KLF4 signaling pathway.
Abstract P3141: Human Milk Oligosaccharide Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-induced Endothelial Hyperpermeability And Migration
Authors: Nguyen Dung Van , Kim Lila , Heo Kyung-Sun
Published: November 2022

Background:
Endothelial hyperpermeability plays a crucial role in the initial development of vascular inflammation, resulting in endothelial dysfunction. Human milk oligosaccharide (HMO), is the bioactive product, is recognized to protect against obesity and anti-inflammatory activity, but it is unknown what effects and signaling pathways are in endothelial cell (EC) function. Therefore, we examined the hypothesis that the protection of HMO in stabilizing endothelial barrier function as well as improving the cell migration under LPS treatment.

Methods and Results:
We analyzed the effect of HMO on the permeability and migration of cultured Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs). Our results found that HMO significantly suppressed the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK but not JNK after exposure to LPS. In addition, immunofluorescence staining revealed that HMOs abolished the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and phosphorylated STAT3, which was accompanied by down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 under LPS stimulation. Our data demonstrated an improvement of endothelial barrier function as indicated in PECAM-1 endothelial junction as well as an enhancement of cell migration by HMO pre-treatment, followed by LPS treatment.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that HMO as a potential therapeutic agent for the reduction of microvascular leakage and inflammation in vascular disease.
New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Authors: SMITH SARAH M. , BEAVER ROGER A. , PHAM THAI HONG , COGNATO ANTHONY I.
Published: November 2022

Eighteen xyleborine ambrosia beetles are described and illustrated: Anisandrus proscissus Smith, Beaver, Pham & Cognato sp. nov. (Vietnam), Anisandrus simplex Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Nepal), Arixyleborus belalongi Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Brunei Darussalam), Beaverium brevicaudatus Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Indonesia), Cnestus luculentus Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (India), Cyclorhipidion achlys Smith, Beaver, Pham & Cognato sp. nov. (Vietnam), Cyclorhipidion conidentatus Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Indonesia), Cyclorhipidion gladigerum Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Thailand), Cyclorhipidion lapilliferum Smith, Beaver, Pham & Cognato sp. nov. (Vietnam), Cyclorhipidion nepalense Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Nepal), Cyclorhipidion taedulum Smith, Beaver, Pham & Cognato sp. nov. (Vietnam), Cyclorhipidion titorum Smith, Beaver, Pham & Cognato sp. nov. (Vietnam), Euwallacea alastos Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Japan), Leptoxyleborus regina Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Papua New Guinea), Tricosa hipparion Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Malaysia), Xyleborinus acanthopteron Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Thailand), Xyleborinus dumosus Smith, Beaver, Pham & Cognato sp. nov. (Vietnam), Xyleborinus nobuchii Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Japan). New distribution records are reported for 67 Asian species. Cyclorhipidion nemesis Smith & Cognato, described from U. S. A., is reported from Asia (China), its hypothesized native continent, for the first time. Its identity is confirmed with COI and CAD DNA within a phylogenetic analysis including other Cyclorhipidion species.
Two new genera and species of the Fulviini (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Cylapinae) from Madagascar, with a checklist of Madagascan cylapines
Authors: TASZAKOWSKI ARTUR , MASŁOWSKI ADRIAN , WOLSKI ANDRZEJ , GORCZYCA JACEK
Published: November 2022

Two new genera, each represented by a single new species, Cassisotropis aciformis Taszakowski et al. gen. et sp. nov. and Infernotropis madagascariensis Taszakowski et al. gen. et sp. nov. are described from Madagascar. Photographs and SEM micrographs of the male and female habitus, genital structures and selected morphological structures are presented. The first record of Fulvius anthocoroides (Reuter, 1875) in Madagascar and the checklist of Madagascan cylapines are also provided.
Redescription of Pseudograpsus intermedius Chhapgar, 1955 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Varunidae) from India
Authors: NG NGAN KEE , TRIVEDI JIGNESHKUMAR , BHAT MITHILA
Published: November 2022

The identity of Pseudograpsus intermedius Chhapgar, 1955 (Varunidae), a crab species found in mangrove habitats of India is clarified. The re-examination of the holotype male and examination of fresh specimens collected from Goa State, India, revealed that P. intermedius shows significant morphological differences from the generic characters of Pseudograpsus. As such, a new genus Chhapgarus n. gen. is established for the species.
New species of Temnocephala (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalidae) ectosymbiont on decapod crustaceans Aegla jarai (Aeglidae) from Brazil and Samastacus spinifrons (Parastacidae) from Chile
Authors: SEIXAS SAMANTHA A. , AMATO SUZANA B. , AMATO JOSÉ F.R. , DAMBORENEA CRISTINA
Published: November 2022

A new Neotropical temnocephalan species is described from Aegla jarai Bond-Buckup & Buckup, 1994 from Santa Catarina, Brazil and recorded on Samastacus spinifrons (Philippi, 1882) from five locations (Región de Biobío, Región de la Araucanía, and Región de Los Lagos) in Chile. Temnocephala catarinensis sp. nov. differs from 10 other species of Temnocephala Blanchard, 1849 epibionts on Aeglidae Dana, 1852 and/or Parastacidae Huxley, 1879 by having the following combination of characters: 1. a long and slightly curved cirrus; 2. an introvert with two distinct portions, a proximal one with grooves and no spines and a distal one with small spines with a strong base; 3. a single vaginal sphincter, well-developed and slightly asymmetrical; 4. a very short vagina with a weak muscular wall; 5. an almost triangular epidermal ‘excretory’ syncytial plates, with external margin in half circumference, sometimes reaching laterally the margin of body. The specimens of S. spinifrons have slightly larger measurements than specimens of A. jarai. The cirrus total length and introvert length, despite being larger, have almost the same number of spines in the distal portion. The shape of the EPs is similar in specimens from both hosts. The new species share some similarities with Temnocephala axenos Monticelli, 1898, Temnocephala mexicana Vayssière, 1898, Temnocephala kingsleyae Damborenea, 1994, and Temnocephala mertoni Volonterio, 2007, but the characters that differentiate them are presented and discussed. The new species has a wide geographic distribution represented by a large distance between the sampled locations (2,637 km) and separated by the Andes. This is not the only species with very distant records from each other as Temnocephala iheringi Haswell, 1893 and T. axenos or separated by the Andes as Temnocephala chilensis (Moquin-Tandon, 1846) and Temnocephala monticellii Ponce de León, Rudolph and Volonterio, 2020.
Can We Accurately Quantify a Lateral Diffusivity from a Single Tracer Release?
Authors: Bisits Josef I. , Stanley Geoffrey J. , Zika Jan D.
Published: November 2022

Mixing along sloping isopycnals plays a key role in the transport and uptake of heat and carbon by the ocean. This mixing is quantified by a lateral diffusivity, which can be measured by tracking the lateral spreading of point release tracer patches. We present a definition for the area of a tracer patch, the time derivative of which provides the lateral diffusivity. To accurately estimate the diffusivity, an ensemble mean concentration field of many tracer release experiments is required. We use numerical experiments to quantify how accurately the “true” lateral diffusivity (obtained from the ensemble mean concentration field) can be estimated from a single tracer release experiment (one ensemble member). To simulate observational campaigns, we also estimate the diffusivity from a single tracer release that is spatially and/or temporally subsampled, quantifying how the error between the estimated diffusivity and the true diffusivity grows as this sampling resolution worsens. We perform these numerical experiments in a two-layer quasigeostrophic model of turbulent flow on a β plane, using an ensemble of 50 passive tracer release experiments, each initialized as a 2D Gaussian but with differing realizations of the turbulent flow. We find that the diffusivity estimates from the single tracer releases have a relative root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 1.43% from the true diffusivity. Subsampling a single tracer release experiment every 956 km increases the relative RMSE from the true diffusivity to 3.1%; also subsampling every 277 days raises this figure to 6.5%.
TRAILS mobility model
Authors: Sarmiento Leonardo , Förster Anna
Published: November 2022

According to state-of-the-art research, mobile network simulation is preferred over real testbeds, especially to evaluate communication protocols used in Opportunistic Networks (OppNet) or Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANET). The main reason behind it is the difficulty of performing experiments in real scenarios. However, in a simulation, a mobility model is required to define users’ mobility patterns. Trace-based models can be used for this purpose, but they are difficult to obtain, and they are not flexible or scalable. Another option is TRAce-based ProbabILiStic (TRAILS). TRAILS mimics the spatial dependency, geographic restrictions, and temporal dependency from real scenarios. In addition, with TRAILS, it is possible to scale the number of mobile users and simulation time. In this paper, we dive into the algorithms used by TRAILS to generate mobility graphs from real scenarios and simulate human mobility. In addition, we compare mobility metrics of TRAILS simulations, real traces, and another synthetic mobility model such as Small Worlds in Motion (SWIM). Finally, we analyze the performance of an implementation of the TRAILS model in computation time and memory consumption. We observed that TRAILS simulations represent the interaction among users of real scenarios with higher accuracy than SWIM simulations. Furthermore, we found that a simulation with TRAILS requires less computation time than a simulation with real traces and that a TRAILS graph consumes less memory than traces.
The theology of education and religious education in schools
Authors: Barnes L. Philip
Published: November 2022

In a recent article in Theology (Vol. 125, no. 1, pp. 3–11), Professors Trevor Cooling and Robert A. Bowie discussed the Final Report of the Commission on Religious Education (CoRE) and identified two ways in which Christian theology can become a ‘conversation partner’ with a worldview approach to religious education: first, through theological interaction with the concept of worldview; and second, by showing the potential of biblical hermeneutics to teaching about a Christian worldview. It is argued that the concept of a worldview finds its origins outside Christian theology and fails to capture the nature of Christianity and that the highly abstract, philosophical character of the concept of worldview makes it an unsuitable vehicle for religious education in schools. It is accepted, however, that biblical hermeneutics has a contribution to make to religious education, albeit as a component within the broader subject of (general) hermeneutics, although this positive contribution is not supported or anticipated by CoRE, but rather expresses the views of Cooling and Bowie, who are contributing to a long-running debate on the role and form of hermeneutics in religious education.
Effectiveness of robotic-assisted gait training on cardiopulmonary fitness and exercise capacity for incomplete spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Ran , Ding Mingfu , Wang Jiao , Pan Hongxia , Sun Xin , Huang Liyi , Fu Chenying , He Chengqi , Wei Quan
Published: November 2022

Objective

To determine the effects of robotic-assisted gait training on cardiopulmonary fitness and exercise capacity for people with incomplete spinal cord injury.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PEDro, CENTRAL and CINAHL were searched from inception until September 4, 2022. Randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of robotic-assisted gait training on cardiopulmonary fitness and exercise capacity for individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury were selected. Mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. The methodological quality was evaluated by the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to the time since injury.

Results

In total 19 studies involving 770 patients were eligible for analysis. Individuals with acute incomplete spinal cord injury in robotic-assisted gait training groups showed significantly greater improvements in 6-minute walking test (MD 53.32; 95% CI 33.49 to 73.15; P < 0.001), lower extremity motor scale (MD 5.22; 95% CI 3.63 to 6.80; P < 0.001) and walking index for spinal cord injury II (MD 3.18; 95% CI 1.34 to 5.02; P < 0.001). Robotic-assisted gait training improved peak oxygen consumption to a greater degree for chronic incomplete spinal cord injury patients (MD 4.90; 95% CI 0.96 to 8.84; P = 0.01).

Conclusion

Robot-assisted gait training may be a feasible and effective intervention in terms of cardiopulmonary fitness and exercise capacity for individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury.
Body mass index (BMI) does not predict responses to psilocybin
Authors: Spriggs Meg J , Giribaldi Bruna , Lyons Taylor , Rosas Fernando E , Kärtner Laura S , Buchborn Tobias , Douglass Hannah M , Roseman Leor , Timmermann Christopher , Erritzoe David , Nutt David J , Carhart-Harris Robin L
Published: November 2022

Background:

Psilocybin is a serotonin type 2A (5-HT2A) receptor agonist and naturally occurring psychedelic. 5-HT2A receptor density is known to be associated with body mass index (BMI), however, the impact of this on psilocybin therapy has not been explored. While body weight-adjusted dosing is widely used, this imposes a practical and financial strain on the scalability of psychedelic therapy. This gap between evidence and practice is caused by the absence of studies clarifying the relationship between BMI, the acute psychedelic experience and long-term psychological outcomes.

Method:

Data were pooled across three studies using a fixed 25 mg dose of psilocybin delivered in a therapeutic context to assess whether BMI predicts characteristics of the acute experience and changes in well-being 2 weeks later. Supplementing frequentist analysis with Bayes Factors has enabled for conclusions to be drawn regarding the null hypothesis.

Results:

Results support the null hypothesis that BMI does not predict overall intensity of the altered state, mystical experiences, perceptual changes or emotional breakthroughs during the acute experience. There was weak evidence for greater ‘dread of ego dissolution’ in participants with lower BMI, however, further analysis suggested BMI did not meaningfully add to the combination of the other covariates (age, sex and study). While mystical-type experiences and emotional breakthroughs were strong predictors of improvements in well-being, BMI was not.

Conclusions:

These findings have important implications for our understanding of pharmacological and extra-pharmacological contributors to psychedelic-assisted therapy and for the standardization of a fixed therapeutic dose in psychedelic-assisted therapy.
“It Doesn’t Feel Like You Can Win”: Young Women's Talk About Heterosexual Relationships
Authors: Samardzic Tanja , Barata Paula C. , Morton Mavis , Yen Jeffery
Published: November 2022

Scholars have long explored the expectations of women to maintain intimate relationships and the gendered discourses governing those expectations. Despite the dating landscape changes, having intimate relationships remains important for young women. Amid these changes and the impacts of #MeToo/#TimesUp, investigating the discourses at play within women's talk about intimate relationships produces a current snapshot that contrasts with past literature. Young, heterosexual women of diverse racial, educational/work, and relationship backgrounds aged 18–24 years ( N = 28) attended one of five online videoconferencing focus groups. Using an eclectic theoretical approach informed by feminist post-structuralism and discursive psychology, we analyzed women's talk about doing relationships. Mobilizing a discourse of intimate relationship necessity/importance, young women (a) were positioned as “the silenc(ed/ing) woman,” demonstrating a shared understanding of the necessity of silence when doing intimate relationships; and/or (b) actively took up “the communicative woman,” which they conceptualized as the hallmark of a healthy relationship. Tensions between these subject positions were evident (e.g., needing to be “cool”). Also, women described no-win situations in relationships despite attempts to contend with these contradictions and limitations. These findings may contribute to educational materials and youth programming delivered in high school or college.
Effect of phosphoric acid molarity on the structural, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of polyimide/polyaniline nanocomposites
Authors: Kareem Aseel A , Rasheed Hussein Kh , Polu Anji R
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we used two monomers, 3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) and m,m'-diaminobenzophenone (m, m’-DABP), to produce polyamide acid and then converted it to polyimide (PI). The effects of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) molarity (1, 2, and 3 M) on the structural, thermal, mechanical, and electrical characteristics of the polyimides/polyaniline (PI/PANI) nanocomposites were studied. Two sharp reflection peaks were developed by the addition of PANI to PI. When 3 M H3PO4 is added, the crystalline sharp peak loses some of its intensity. The complex formation of PI/PANI-H3PO4 was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies. The surface morphologies of the H3PO4 complex with nanocomposites were investigated by using a scanning electron microscope. From differential scanning calorimetry studies, the glass transition temperatures of nanocomposites decrease dramatically with an increase in H3PO4. Microhardness, flexural strength, and young modulus all dropped as acid molarity increased, although elongation at break increased as H3PO4 molarity increased. After the addition of H3PO4, a drop in the dielectric constant and an increase in ionic conductivity were observed.
Quasi-static axial crushing of honeycomb paperboard filled with foam particles
Authors: Guan Shili , Wang Jun , Pan Liao , Lu Lixin
Published: November 2022

In this paper a honeycomb paperboard filled with foam particles is presented. The effect of parameters such as the cell size, the honeycomb paperboard thickness and the foam particles size on the interaction, energy absorption capacity, and the half wavelength are investigated theoretically and experimentally. The experiment results show that foam particles of honeycomb paperboard increase their initial crushing strength and energy absorption and the stress in the honeycomb paperboard filled with foam particles rises exponentially during the crushing stage. Furthermore, decrease in the densification strain; increase in number of folds; and decrease in half wavelength are other results of this research. And the smaller the foam particles, the greater the effect of foam particles filling. In the theoretical section, the interaction between the foam particles and the honeycomb paperboard cell wall are studied by regarding as point contact. Expressions are derived to predict the stress and half wavelength of honeycomb paperboard filled with foam ```````````````````particles in the crushing stage. A comparison between theoretical predictions and experimental results shows that the theoretical models can effectively predict this stress. It is expected that these studies can help to improve the application of honeycomb paperboard and provide a reference for further research on foam particle filling.
Continuous Traumatic Stress: Examining the Experiences and Support Needs of Women After Separation From an Abusive Partner
Authors: Hulley Joanne , Wager Khai , Gomersall Tim , Bailey Louis , Kirkman Gill , Gibbs Graham , Jones Adele D.
Published: November 2022

Intimate partner violence causes significant, long-lasting harm to almost one-third (27%) of the world’s population of women. Even when women leave abusive relationships, some men continue to exercise control over their ex-partners through psychological control, threats, violence, stalking, and other forms of harassment. In this qualitative study, 52 purposively sampled women who self-identified as victims or survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) from male partners were interviewed. Data were analyzed with a theoretically informed thematic analysis, supported by Nvivo® software. We found that leaving a violent relationship was a long-term process fraught with difficulty and ongoing risks of psychological harm. The concept of Continuous Traumatic Stress (CTS), first developed to understand the impact of state-sponsored violence and war, was found to be a particularly useful tool for the analysis of the impact of post-separation abuse. Additionally, CTS encourages researchers and practitioners to think anew about resilience-centered approaches to improving protection and access to justice for female victims.
Participation in Job-Related Training: Is There a Parenthood Training Penalty?
Authors: Zoch Gundula
Published: November 2022

Gender inequalities in paid and unpaid work are well documented, but patterns of advantage or disadvantage in further job-related training have been less explored. Previous cross-sectional studies indicate gender differences in further training, with lower participation rates and shorter training sessions for women, especially mothers. Based on the National Educational Panel Study for Germany (adult cohort, 2008–2020), this study is the first to examine gendered parenthood effects on participation in non-formal further job-related training using panel analyses. The results from fixed-effects regressions provide evidence of parenthood training penalties that are particularly pronounced for mothers and in the first years after childbirth. While fatherhood training penalties are mostly explained, motherhood gaps remain robust when accounting for a large number of time-varying characteristics. The results point towards further relevant changes in mothers’ aspirations or employer support. Thus, they underline the importance of training opportunities for reducing childbirth-related inequalities later in life.
Magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point flow and heat transfer effects of Al2O3-Cu/water hybrid nanofluid over a porous stretching surface
Authors: Mathews Joel , Hymavathi T
Published: November 2022

In this article, the heat transfer analysis of an unsteady free convection flow of a hybrid nanofluid over a porous stretching sheet subjected to a uniform magnetic field is investigated. The effects of radiation and heat source/sink are taken into consideration. Two different types of nanoparticles namely, aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and copper (Cu) are considered. The unsteady free convection flow of nanofluids over a stretching surface has vast applications in heat exchanger technology, next-generation solar film collectors, geothermal energy storage, etc. In view of this, we considered the time-dependent governing equations. The set of non-linear equations (PDEs) is changed into ordinary differential equations with the help of similarity transformations. The transformed equations are solved by using the MATLAB bvp4c shooting technique. The obtained results are presented and analyzed through graphs and tables. From the results, it is noticed that the free convection parameter enhanced the fluid velocity and temperature in both nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid cases. It is noticed that the hybrid nanofluid has the highest temperature distribution than the nanofluid. It is further observed that the fluid flow is substantially influenced by the variations in the unsteadiness parameter.
A 5000-year record of relative sea-level change in New Jersey, USA
Authors: Walker Jennifer S , Li Tanghua , Shaw Timothy A , Cahill Niamh , Barber Donald C , Brain Matthew J , Kopp Robert E , Switzer Adam D , Horton Benjamin P
Published: November 2022

Stratigraphic data from salt marshes provide accurate reconstructions of Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) change and necessary constraints to models of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), which is the dominant cause of Late-Holocene RSL rise along the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast. Here, we produce a new Mid- to Late-Holocene RSL record from a salt marsh bordering Great Bay in southern New Jersey using basal peats. We use a multi-proxy approach (foraminifera and geochemistry) to identify the indicative meaning of the basal peats and produce sea-level index points (SLIPs) that include a vertical uncertainty for tidal range change and sediment compaction and a temporal uncertainty based on high precision Accelerator Mass Spectrometry radiocarbon dating of salt-marsh plant macrofossils. The 14 basal SLIPs range from 1211 ± 56 years BP to 4414 ± 112 years BP, which we combine with published RSL data from southern New Jersey and use with a spatiotemporal statistical model to show that RSL rose 8.6 m at an average rate of 1.7 ± 0.1 mm/year (1σ) from 5000 years BP to present. We compare the RSL changes with an ensemble of 1D (laterally homogenous) and site-specific 3D (laterally heterogeneous) GIA models, which tend to overestimate the magnitude of RSL rise over the last 5000 years. The continued discrepancy between RSL data and GIA models highlights the importance of using a wide array of ice model and viscosity model parameters to more precisely fit site-specific RSL data along the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast.