bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust stabilisation of distributed‐order systems
Authors: Muñoz‐Vázquez Aldo Jonathan , Fernández‐Anaya Guillermo , Sánchez‐Torres Juan Diego , Boulaaras Salah
Published: June 2022

This paper presents the design of a novel methodology for robust stabilisation of distributed‐order systems, which are subject to both matched and mismatched disturbances. Matched disturbances are coped through a nonlinear controller, while mismatched disturbances are rejected by a pseudo‐state feedback, whose gain is adjusted by solving alinear matrix inequality. Since nonsmooth techniques induce not‐necessarily integer‐order differentiable solutions, the dynamical systems under consideration are defined through an operator that extends the distributed‐order differentiation of integer‐order differentiable functions to the case of not necessarily integer‐order differentiable ones. Numerical simulations highlight the reliability of the proposed scheme.
Numerical computing of isophote curves, general helices, and relatively normal‐slant helices in Minkowski 3‐space
Authors: Öztürk Ufuk , Nešović Emilija , Koç Öztürk Esra B.
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we present a method for numerical computing of some characteristic kinds of non‐null curves lying on a non‐degenerate surface in Minkowski space
. Namely, we obtain the system of the first‐order ordinary differential equations that correspond to general helix, relatively normal‐slant helix, and isophote curve and integrate it under chosen initial conditions by applying the ode45 function of MATLAB and Runge‐Kutta method. Depending on the kind of curve, we assume that parametric equation of the surface, an axis vector, value of the real cosine or hyperbolic cosine of the corresponding pseudo angle between axis vector and Darboux frame's vector, normal curvature, and geodesic torsion of the curve are given. Finally, we provide the related examples of numerically computed characteristic curves.
Further analysis on dynamical properties of fractional‐order bi‐directional associative memory neural networks involving double delays
Authors: Xu Changjin , Zhang Wei , Aouiti Chaouki , Liu Zixin , Yao Lingyun
Published: June 2022

In this study, a class of novel fractional‐order bi‐directional associative memory (BAM) neural networks involving double time delays are put up and investigated. First of all, we prove that the solution of the involved neural networks exists and is unique and bounded. Second of all, we investigate the stability behavior and the onset of Hopf bifurcation of the involved network models by applying the stability theory and the related Hopf bifurcation knowledge on fractional‐order differential equations. A sufficient condition to ensure the stability and onset of Hopf bifurcation of the considered network models is established. The importance of time delay in dynamical behavior of the fractional‐order delayed BAM neural networks has been displayed. Lastly, computer simulations with Matlab software are presented to test the effectiveness of the established theoretical results. The obtained analysis fruits of this manuscript play a vital role in designing and controlling networks.
Compression behavior of 3D printed isogrid cylindrical shell structures using experimental and finite element modeling
Authors: Johnson Anish Jafrin Thilak , Paramasivam Suresh
Published: June 2022

Lattice structures have been widely used in aircraft and automobile industries due to their excellent mechanical properties namely high specific strength, specific stiffness, and energy absorption capability. On the other hand, additive manufacturing that is considered as an essential for Industry 4.0 offers incredible opportunities for product development and production flexibility. Previous research on 3D printed isogrid structures focused on isogrid panels and their buckling behavior, whereas isogrid lattice cylindrical shells garnered less attention. This work reports the effect of short carbon fiber reinforcement with polyamide three‐dimensional printing material on the compression response of isogrid lattice shell structures by experimental and numerical modeling. Isogrid cylindrical shells were three dimensionally printed using fused deposition modeling. Initially, test coupons were printed using polyamide and carbon fiber reinforced polyamide and their mechanical properties were found using uniaxial tensile testing. The obtained tensile properties were given as an input to the numerical modeling performed using LS‐DYNA®. The peak load and the maximum displacement of the printed isogrid lattice shells subjected to axial compression loads were experimentally evaluated. The numerical findings were compared with those produced using experimental methods. The error in estimating the peak load of lattice cylinders through numerical modeling was limited to 5.35%. The effect of geometric parameters namely rib width (helical and hoop), shell thickness, helical angle of ribs on the buckling strength was also studied.
Alterations in cardiac output in fetuses with congenital heart disease
Authors: Sethi Neeta , Gai Jiaxiang , Bost James , Donofrio Mary T.
Published: June 2022

Objective

Fetuses with severe congenital heart disease (CHD) have altered blood flow patterns. Prior work to assess fetal combined cardiac output (CCO) is limited by sample size and lack of longitudinal gestational data. Our aim was to evaluate CCO in CHD fetuses to determine whether the presence of single ventricle (SV) physiology or aortic obstruction impacts fetal blood flow and cardiovascular hemodynamics.

Method

Prospective study including singleton fetuses with CHD (n = 141) and controls (n = 118) who underwent a mid‐ and late‐gestation fetal echocardiogram. Ventricular cardiac output was calculated using the standard computation. Combined cardiac output was derived as the sum of the right and left cardiac outputs and indexed to estimated fetal weight.

Results

Fetuses with two ventricle (2V) CHD had significantly higher CCO compared to controls and SV CHD fetuses. Fetuses with SV‐CHD had similar CCO compared to controls. Fetuses with 2V‐CHD and aortic obstruction had significantly higher CCO than fetuses with SV‐CHD and aortic obstruction.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that the SV can compensate and increase CCO despite the lack of a second functioning ventricle, however, the degree of compensation may be insufficient to support the increased blood flow needed to overcome the hemodynamic and physiologic alternations seen with severe CHD.
Site‐specific glycosylation of SARS‐CoV‐2: Big challenges in mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Campos Diana , Girgis Michael , Sanda Miloslav
Published: June 2022

Glycosylation of viral proteins is required for the progeny formation and infectivity of virtually all viruses. It is increasingly clear that distinct glycans also play pivotal roles in the virus's ability to shield and evade the host's immune system. Recently, there has been a great advancement in structural identification and quantitation of viral glycosylation, especially spike proteins. Given the ongoing pandemic and the high demand for structure analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2 densely glycosylated spike protein, mass spectrometry methodologies have been employed to accurately determine glycosylation patterns. There are still many challenges in the determination of site‐specific glycosylation of SARS‐CoV‐2 viral spike protein. This is compounded by some conflicting results regarding glycan site occupancy and glycan structural characterization. These are probably due to differences in the expression systems, form of expressed spike glycoprotein, MS methodologies, and analysis software. In this review, we recap the glycosylation of spike protein and compare among various studies. Also, we describe the most recent advancements in glycosylation analysis in greater detail and we explain some misinterpretation of previously observed data in recent publications. Our study provides a comprehensive view of the spike protein glycosylation and highlights the importance of consistent glycosylation determination.
Influence of Ion Vacancy Migration on Short‐Circuit Current of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lin Zedong
Published: June 2022

For perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the effect of ion vacancy motion on the short‐circuit current (Jsc) in the reverse and forward J–V scans is investigated. To reveal its mechanism, all the components of current (carrier current, ionic current, displacement current) at the short‐circuit working point are calculated and the action of mobile ion vacancy on them is explored. By adjusting the parameters determining the ion vacancy mobility μI, the effect of parameter μI on Jsc is discussed. The finding provides a great supplement for the theory of short‐circuit current.
Pulmonary artery enlargement predicts poor survival in patients with COPD: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Huaqiao , Shu Tingting , Wang Lu , Yang Lingzhi , Hu Changchun , Du Shanshan , Wei Huang
Published: June 2022

No previous meta‐analysis has evaluated the relationship between pulmonary artery enlargement (PAE) measured by computed tomography (CT) and prognosis for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recently, several studies have suggested poor survival and reduced exercise capacity in COPD patients with PAE on CT scan, but there were conflicting results. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of PAE‐CT in patients with COPD. Relevant studies were identified by searching major databases. Pooled outcomes were determined to assess the prognostic value of PAE‐CT in COPD patients. Eighteen studies including 5694 participants were included. PAE indicated higher mortality in COPD patients (odds ratio [OR] = 3.06; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.76–5.32; p < 0.0001), shorter 6‐minute walk distance (mean difference [MD] = −67.53 m; 95% CI: −85.98 to −49.08; p < 0.00001), higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure (MD = 15.65 mmHg; 95% CI: 13.20–18.11; p < 0.00001), longer length of hospital stay (MD = 2.92 days; 95% CI: 0.71–5.12; p = 0.009) and more severe symptom such as dyspnea (COPD Assessment Test MD = 3.14; 95% CI: 2.48–3.81; p < 0.00001). We also conducted a subgroup analysis regarding the lung function and blood gas analysis for a stable period and acute exacerbation of COPD patients. In conclusion, PAE is significantly associated with mortality, lower exercise tolerance, and poor quality of life in patients with COPD. PAE may serve as a novel imaging biomarker for risk stratification in patients with COPD in the future.
Pleurisy with pneumothorax due to CAM‐resistant MAC lung disease
Authors: Nukui Yoshihisa , Kawahara Tatsuo , Hanzawa Satoshi
Published: June 2022

A 72‐year‐old man received rifampicin, ethambutol and sitafloxacin to treat clarithromycin (CAM)‐resistant Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) lung disease. He was admitted because of fever. Pneumothorax and pleural effusion were present in the right lung, and a new consolidation appeared in the right upper lobe. Based on positive culture of the pleural effusion for CAM‐resistant M. avium and findings on chest computed tomography, he was diagnosed with pleurisy due to M. avium, with rupture of the subpleural lung parenchymal lesion into the pleural space. Additional treatment with streptomycin (SM) improved the patient's high‐grade fever. SM might be effective for pleurisy caused by CAM‐resistant MAC lung disease.
Needle path planning in semiautonomous and teleoperated robot‐assisted epidural anaesthesia procedure: A proof of concept
Authors: Haro‐Mendoza Daniel , Pérez‐Escamirosa Fernando , Pineda‐Martínez Diego , Gonzalez‐Villela Victor J.
Published: June 2022

Background

Epidural anaesthesia is a Percutaneous Procedure (PP) which plays a crucial role in surgical procedures, where accurate needle insertion is still challenging. The objective of this work is to present a Tuohy needle path planning, which allows an anaesthesiologist to drive semiautonomously, with the assistance of a teleoperated robot, the tip of the needle during this PP.

Methods

We capture, analysed and modelled the anaesthetist hands' motion during the execution of this procedure, by synthetising, programing and simulating a parametrised and normalised kinematic constrains dependent on an insertion variable in a virtual robot.

Results

Two preoperative path planning models were obtained, which provide a teleoperated robot with kinematic constraints to semiautonomously drive a Tuohy needle in the epidural anaesthesia procedure.

Conclusions

A semiautonomous robot can assist in the execution of this PP using the kinematic constraints obtained from the study of the movement of a specialist's hands.
An H∞ approach to data‐driven fault estimation, and isolation for Hammerstein‐Wiener systems
Authors: Salim Mina , Mahdavi Zahra , Kharrati Hamed
Published: June 2022

This article considers the fault estimation problem in a data‐driven setup for a class of nonlinear systems called Hammerstein‐Wiener. The fault estimation problem is converted to a finite‐horizon minimax optimization problem. To estimate faults, a subspace predictor is utilized to predict the output sequence. Our proposed method is robust against disturbances. The proposed method is briefly expressed as an algorithm that can be implemented by MATLAB software. The suggested algorithm is applied to a numerical MIMO example to verify its validity.
Deep learning detects invasive plant species across complex landscapes using Worldview‐2 and Planetscope satellite imagery
Authors: Lake Thomas A. , Briscoe Runquist Ryan D. , Moeller David A.
Published: June 2022

Effective management of invasive species requires rapid detection and dynamic monitoring. Remote sensing offers an efficient alternative to field surveys for invasive plants; however, distinguishing individual plant species can be challenging especially over geographic scales. Satellite imagery is the most practical source of data for developing predictive models over landscapes, but spatial resolution and spectral information can be limiting. We used two types of satellite imagery to detect the invasive plant, leafy spurge (Euphorbia virgata), across a heterogeneous landscape in Minnesota, USA. We developed convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with imagery from Worldview‐2 and Planetscope satellites. Worldview‐2 imagery has high spatial and spectral resolution, but images are not routinely taken in space or time. By contrast, Planetscope imagery has lower spatial and spectral resolution, but images are taken daily across Earth. The former had 96.1% accuracy in detecting leafy spurge, whereas the latter had 89.9% accuracy. Second, we modified the CNN for Planetscope with a long short‐term memory (LSTM) layer that leverages information on phenology from a time series of images. The detection accuracy of the Planetscope LSTM model was 96.3%, on par with the high resolution, Worldview‐2 model. Across models, most false‐positive errors occurred near true populations, indicating that these errors are not consequential for management. We identified that early and mid‐season phenological periods in the Planetscope time series were key to predicting leafy spurge. Additionally, green, red‐edge and near‐infrared spectral bands were important for differentiating leafy spurge from other vegetation. These findings suggest that deep learning models can accurately identify individual species over complex landscapes even with satellite imagery of modest spatial and spectral resolution if a temporal series of images is incorporated. Our results will help inform future management efforts using remote sensing to identify invasive plants, especially across large‐scale, remote and data‐sparse areas.
Life Capital: An Epistemic and Methodological Lens for TESOL Research
Authors: Consoli Sal
Published: June 2022

This paper draws on one of Pierre Bourdieu’s core dimensions of social theory: the notion of capital. Bourdieu's work has percolated various academic domains and transcended disciplinary boundaries, thereby leading to new vistas and questions. It is in the spirit of generating “new vistas” that this paper offers considerations which may serve as an epistemic and methodological drive to reinvigorate our social research practices within TESOL. In particular, I argue for a new application of Bourdieu's sociological concept to account more holistically for the complexities of TESOL research practices, and I present a proposal that may support the TESOL research community in addressing the “realities” and “dilemmas” of our field (McKinley & Rose, 2017). Ultimately, life capital will act as a catalyst to promote a fresh perspective on our research—a lens which, in the long run, may yield TESOL research that fully acknowledges, values, and celebrates the humanness of our inquiries.
Virtual sensors for wind turbines with machine learning‐based time series models
Authors: Dimitrov Nikolay , Göçmen Tuhfe
Published: June 2022

Modern wind turbines have multiple sensors installed and provide constant data stream outputs; however, there are some important quantities where installing physical sensors is either impractical or the sensor technology is not sufficiently advanced. An example of such a problem is, for example, sensing the shape and location of wake‐induced wind deficits caused by upwind turbines—a feature which would have relevant application in wind farm control; however, it is hard to detect physically due to the need of scanning the airflow in front of the turbine in multiple locations. Another control‐related example is monitoring and predicting the blade tip‐tower clearance. A “virtual sensor” can be created instead, by establishing a mathematical relationship between the quantity of interest and other, measurable quantities such as readings from already available sensors (e.g., SCADA, lidars, and met‐masts). Machine Learning (ML) approaches are suitable for this task as ML algorithms are capable of learning and representing complex relationships. This study details the concept of ML‐based virtual sensors and showcases three specific examples: blade root bending moment prediction, detection of wind turbine wake center location, and forecasting of blade tip‐tower clearance. All examples utilize sequence models (Long Short‐Term Memory, LSTM) and use aeroelastic load simulations to generate wind turbine response time series and test model performance. The data types used in the examples correspond to channels that would be available from high‐frequency SCADA data combined with a blade and tower load measurement system. The resulting model performance demonstrates the feasibility of the ML‐based virtual sensor approach.
Complexes of 3d Metals with a Bulky Carbazolyl Ligand
Authors: Kaiser Michelle , Winkler Lucas , Hinz Alexander
Published: June 2022

In this contribution, the synthesis and properties of nine novel 3d metal complexes are reported. As supporting ligand scaffold, the bulky 1,8‐bis(3,5‐ditertbutylphenyl)‐3,6‐ditertbutylcarbazole (R) was employed. After deprotonation and salt metathesis reactions, a series of four complexes, the dimeric [RMn(THF)(μ‐Cl)]2 (1 a), [RFe(THF)(μ‐Cl)]2 (2 a), and [RCo(THF)(μ‐Cl)]2 (3 a) as well as a monomeric [RCr(THF)2(Cl)] (4 a), were obtained, while the analogous Ni(II) complex remained elusive. However, incorporation of PMe3 as stronger donor molecule in comparison sufficed to stabilise also the Ni(II) complex [RNi(PMe3)2(Cl)] (5 b). The series was completed by treatment of 1 a–4 a with PMe3, which afforded the related phosphine complexes 1 b–4 b. All complexes were characterised in the solid state by single crystal structure elucidation and their magnetic moments in solution were determined by NMR experiments with the Evans method.
BF4− as source for the preparation of BF2 bridged copper(II) dimethylglyoxime complexes
Authors: Petrikat Raphael I. , Becker Sabine
Published: June 2022

The reaction of copper(II) tetrafluoroborate with dimethylglyoxime (H2dmg) leads to the formation of the dinuclear complexes [Cu2(dmg)(Hdmg)(EtOH)(H2dmg)]BF4 (1) and [Cu2(dmg ⋅ BF2)(Hdmg)(H2dmg)]BF4 (2). In 2, BF2 deriving from BF4− has been inserted into the oxime groups to form an O,O‐bidentate difluoroboron complex. Co‐crystallization of 1 and 2 impeded a thorough characterization of 2. In further attempts to prepare pure 2, the difluoroboron complexes [Cu(dmg ⋅ BF2)2(MeCN)] (3) and [Cu(dmg ⋅ BF2)(Hdmg)] (4) have been obtained. Attempts to isolate the BF2‐bridged ligand failed. Even though BF4− readily is decomposed to formally form BF2+ that is inserted into the resulting complexes and F−, the nascent F− ions are not a suitable F− source for organic fluorination reactions. Nevertheless, the described, facile route to prepare O,O‐bidentate difluoroboron complexes without the usage of the highly toxic BF3 ⋅ OEt2 but BF4− instead is of interest for synthetically working chemists.
Chaotic dynamics and subharmonic bifurcations of current‐carrying conductors subjected to harmonic excitation
Authors: Zhou Liangqiang , Hu Sengen , Chen Fangqi
Published: June 2022

With both analytical and numerical methods, global dynamics including chaotic motions and subharmonic bifurcations of current‐carrying conductors subjected to harmonic excitation are investigated in this paper. The system parameter conditions for chaos are obtained with the Melnikov method. The monotonicity of the critical value for chaos on the damping, alternating current, and excitation amplitude is studied in detail for three cases. Some interesting dynamic phenomena such as “uncontrollable frequency interval” and “controllable frequency” are presented analytically. Subharmonic bifurcations of odd order or even order are also investigated with the subharmonic Melnikov method. The evolution of subharmonic bifurcation to chaos is studied. It is proved rigorously that the system may undergo chaotic motions through finite or infinite subharmonic bifurcations. Numerical simulations are given to verify the chaos threshold obtained with the analytical method.
One-loop QCD helicity amplitudes for pp → $$ t\overline{t}j $$ to O(ε2)
Authors: Badger Simon , Becchetti Matteo , Chaubey Ekta , Marzucca Robin , Sarandrea Francesco
Published: June 2022

Abstract

We compute helicity amplitudes for the one-loop QCD corrections to top-quark pair production analytically in terms of a set of uniformly transcendental master integrals. We provide corrections up to O(ε2) in the dimensional regulator for the first time which are relevant at NNLO. Four independent pentagon integral topologies appear in the complete description of the colour structure for which we provide numerical solutions using canonical form differential equations and the method of generalised power series expansions. Analytic forms of the boundary values are obtained in all cases except one where we find a one-dimensional integral representation.
Hypercontractivity and Logarithmic Sobolev Inequality for Non-primitive Quantum Markov Semigroups and Estimation of Decoherence Rates
Authors: Bardet Ivan , Rouzé Cambyse
Published: June 2022

We generalize the concepts of weak quantum logarithmic Sobolev inequality (LSI) and weak hypercontractivity (HC), introduced in the quantum setting by Olkiewicz and Zegarlinski, to the case of non-primitive quantum Markov semigroups (QMS). The originality of this work resides in that this new notion of hypercontractivity is given in terms of the so-called amalgamated$$\mathbb {L}_p$$

L
p

norms introduced recently by Junge and Parcet in the context of operator spaces theory. We make three main contributions. The first one is a version of Gross’ integration lemma: we prove that (weak) HC implies (weak) LSI. Surprisingly, the converse implication differs from the primitive case as we show that LSI implies HC but with a weak constant equal to the cardinal of the center of the decoherence-free algebra. Building on the first implication, our second contribution is the fact that strong LSI and therefore strong HC do not hold for non-trivially primitive QMS. This implies that the amalgamated $$\mathbb {L}_p$$

L
p

norms are not uniformly convex for $$1\le p \le 2$$

1
≤
p
≤
2

. As a third contribution, we derive universal bounds on the (weak) logarithmic Sobolev constants for a QMS on a finite dimensional Hilbert space, using a similar method as Diaconis and Saloff-Coste in the case of classical primitive Markov chains, and Temme, Pastawski and Kastoryano in the case of primitive QMS. This leads to new bounds on the decoherence rates of decohering QMS. Additionally, we apply our results to the study of the tensorization of HC in non-commutative spaces in terms of the completely bounded norms (CB norms) recently introduced by Beigi and King for unital and trace preserving QMS. We generalize their results to the case of a general primitive QMS and provide estimates on the (weak) constants.
Equal receipt of specialized palliative care in breast and prostate cancer: a register study
Authors: Bergqvist Jenny , Hedman Christel , Schultz Torbjörn , Strang Peter
Published: June 2022

Purpose

There are inequalities in cancer treatment. This study aimed to investigate whether receipt of specialized palliative care (SPC) is affected by typical female and male diagnoses (breast and prostate cancer), age, socioeconomic status (SES), comorbidities as measured by the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), or living arrangements (home vs nursing home residence). Furthermore, we wanted to investigate if receipt of SPC affects the place of death, or correlated with emergency department visits, or hospital admissions.

Methods

All breast and prostate cancer patients who died with verified distant metastases during 2015–2019 in the Stockholm Region were included (n = 2516). We used univariable and stepwise (forward) logistic multiple regression models.

Results

Lower age, lower CCI score, and higher SES significantly predicted receipt of palliative care 3 months before death (p = .007–p < .0001). Patients with prostate cancer, a lower CCI score, receiving palliative care services, or living in a nursing home were admitted to a hospital or visited an emergency room less often during their last month of life (p = .01 to < .0001). Patients receiving palliative care services had a low likelihood of dying in an acute care hospital (p < .001). Those who died in a hospital were younger, had a lower CCI score, and had received less palliative care or nursing home services (p = .02– < .0001).

Conclusion

Age, comorbidities, and nursing home residence affected the likelihood of receiving SPC. However, the diagnosis of breast versus prostate cancer did not. Emergency room visits, hospital admissions, and hospital deaths are registered less often for patients with SPC.
Exponential ReLU Neural Network Approximation Rates for Point and Edge Singularities
Authors: Marcati Carlo , Opschoor Joost A. A. , Petersen Philipp C. , Schwab Christoph
Published: June 2022

In certain polytopal domains $$\varOmega $$
Ω
, in space dimension $$d=2,3$$

d
=
2
,
3

, we prove exponential expressivity with stable ReLU Neural Networks (ReLU NNs) in $$H^1(\varOmega )$$

H
1

(
Ω
)

for weighted analytic function classes. These classes comprise in particular solution sets of source and eigenvalue problems for elliptic PDEs with analytic data. Functions in these classes are locally analytic on open subdomains $$D\subset \varOmega $$

D
⊂
Ω

, but may exhibit isolated point singularities in the interior of $$\varOmega $$
Ω
or corner and edge singularities at the boundary $$\partial \varOmega $$

∂
Ω

. The exponential approximation rates are shown to hold in space dimension $$d = 2$$

d
=
2

on Lipschitz polygons with straight sides, and in space dimension $$d=3$$

d
=
3

on Fichera-type polyhedral domains with plane faces. The constructive proofs indicate that NN depth and size increase poly-logarithmically with respect to the target NN approximation accuracy $$\varepsilon >0$$

ε
>
0

in $$H^1(\varOmega )$$

H
1

(
Ω
)

. The results cover solution sets of linear, second-order elliptic PDEs with analytic data and certain nonlinear elliptic eigenvalue problems with analytic nonlinearities and singular, weighted analytic potentials as arise in electron structure models. Here, the functions correspond to electron densities that exhibit isolated point singularities at the nuclei.
Anthropogenic deforestation and climate dryness as drivers of demographic decline and genetic erosion in the southernmost European fir forests
Authors: Sánchez-Robles José Manuel , García-Castaño Juan Luis , Balao Francisco , García Cristina , Terrab Anass , Talavera Salvador
Published: June 2022

A better understanding of long-term effects of climate and historical anthropogenic changes is needed to define effective conservation measures of endangered forest inhabiting managed landscapes. Diversification and distribution of Mediterranean firs are attributed to the global climate change during the Miocene and Quaternary as well as to the effects of human-driven deforestation. We evaluated the impact of climate change and anthropogenic activities in shaping the genetic diversity and structure of Abies pinsapo Boiss. (Pinaceae), a relict fir endemic from SW Spain. We genotyped a total of 440 individuals from 44 populations by using two different molecular markers (cpSSRs and nSSRs). Overall, low genetic structure was found; however, incipient differentiation appeared within mountain ranges. Analyses suggest that the effects of isolation by distance and lithological or topographical diversity were not enough to structure the populations of the different mountain ranges. The combined role of genetic drift in the small populations and the anthropogenic action associated with forest management has shaped the current genetic pattern of this fir species in the study area. Demographic inference analyses pointed to a very recent synchronic divergence (eleventh–sixteenth century) of the ancestral A. pinsapo population into its current scattered distribution range. Although population bottlenecks were supported by several analyses, the conservation of this endangered species seems not to be limited by lacking genetic diversity, while threats of current climate change and habitat loss must be regarded.
Improvement of Force History Pattern in Composite Tubular Structures by Developed Trigger Mechanisms
Authors: de la Cuesta J. J. , Ghasemnejad H.
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates the effect of various trigger mechanisms on the force history pattern, initial collapse load, mean force and specific energy absorption of CFRP composite tubular absorbers. These trigger mechanisms are bevel with angles of 15°, 30°, 45° and 60° and tulip with angles of 60° and 90° and tip numbers of 4 and 6. Experimental studies were performed for three trigger mechanisms of Bevel (B30° and B60°) and tulip with four tips and angle of 60°, 4T60. It was shown that tulip mechanisms significantly change the force–displacement pattern in comparison with bevel triggers. In this case, the initial collapse load decreases, which leads to improving the crush force efficiency (CFE) and progressive energy absorption. This analysis also contains numerical modelling, which investigates other designs of bevel and tulip trigger mechanisms with different angles. Finally, numerical results are validated against experimental results using advanced finite element techniques in LS-Dyna. The developed tulip trigger mechanisms indicated a significant change of crushing force history, which results in improvement of crashworthiness parameters.
WHO Participates in Effectiveness Research? A Comparison of Effectiveness Trial Clinicians to National Survey Samples
Authors: Patel Zabin S. , Philips Dominique , Casline Elizabeth , Aarons Gregory A. , Maxwell Colleen A. , Ginsburg Golda S. , Ehrenreich-May Jill , Jensen-Doss Amanda
Published: June 2022

Findings from research participants in effectiveness treatment trials (i.e., randomized control trials conducted in community rather than research settings) are considered more generalizable than those from participants in efficacy trials. This is especially true for clinician participants, whose characteristics like attitudes towards evidence-based practices (EBPs) may impact treatment implementation and the generalizability of research findings from effectiveness studies. This study compared background characteristics, attitudes toward EBPs, and attitudes towards measurement-based care (MBC) among clinicians participating in a National Institute of Mental-Health (NIMH) funded effectiveness trial, the Community Study of Outcome Monitoring for Emotional Disorders in Teens (COMET), to clinician data from nationally representative U.S. survey samples. Results indicated COMET clinicians were significantly younger, less clinically experienced, and were more likely to have a training background in psychology versus other disciplines compared to national survey samples. After controlling for demographics and professional characteristics, COMET clinicians held more positive attitudes towards EBPs and MBC compared to national survey samples. Implications for implementation efforts are discussed.
Simulation of soil liquefaction distribution in downtown Mashiki during 2016 Kumamoto earthquake using nonlinear site response
Authors: Sun Jikai , Kawase Hiroshi , Fukutake Kiyoshi , Nagashima Fumiaki , Matsushima Shinichi
Published: June 2022

Several sites located between Road No.28 and Akitsu River in downtown Mashiki were liquefied during the mainshock of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. According to the building damage survey results, only a few buildings were damaged in areas proximate to the Akitsu River, where liquefaction occurred, however, serious building damage occurred in neighboring regions. Therefore, the effect of soil liquefaction on strong ground motions in Mashiki should be ascertained. Moreover, the distribution of visible and invisible liquefaction is required to be estimated as well. In this study, the distribution of depth of groundwater level in Mashiki was studied, which decreased from 14 to 0 m from northeast to southwest. Thereafter, the nonlinearities of the shallow layers at four borehole drilling sites were identified from the experimental data using the Ramberg–Osgood relationship. Subsequently, the dynamic nonlinear effective stress analysis of the one-dimensional soil column was performed to 592 sites in Mashiki between the seismological bedrock and ground surface to estimate the distribution of strong ground motions during the mainshock. First, the ground motions estimated by the nonlinear analysis corresponded to the ground motions observed at the Kik-net KMMH16. Second, the soil nonlinearity of shallow layers was considerably strong in the entire target area especially in the southern Mashiki, and the PGV distribution was similar to the building damage distribution after the mainshock. Furthermore, the estimated distribution of the soil liquefaction site was similar to the observed results, whereas certain invisible-liquefaction sites were estimated in the north and middle of the target area.
Rivaroxaban After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Critical Appraisal of the GALILEO Trial
Authors: Sulzgruber Patrick , Hammer Andreas , Niessner Alexander
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The anti-thrombotic approach in individuals undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) mirrors a controversial field in clinical practice.

Methods/Results

The aim of this article was to critically appraise the randomized controlled GALILEO trial, where two different antithrombotic regimes (10 mg rivaroxaban + 3 months aspirin vs. aspirin + 3 months clopidogrel) were compared in patients who underwent TAVR as well as available evidence in literature in this field.

Conclusion

The GALILEO trial was prematurely terminated as a consequence of increased risk of both death or thromboembolic complications and a higher risk of bleeding in the anticoagulation arm, compared to the antiplatelet-based strategy.

Various concerns have been raised that the negative results of the GALILEO trial need to be regarded with caution. A routine use of oral anticoagulation (OAC) for the prevention of atherothrombotic events and valve thrombosis after TAVR in individuals who do not have an indication for oral anticoagulation, can currently not be recommended when considering the evidence base of available literature. However, the negative results of the GALILEO trial need to be interpreted with caution – especially in terms of dose of rivaroxaban – and should not discourage from performing further trials investigating safety and efficacy of this therapeutic approach. Additionally, further dose-finding trials for rivaroxaban should be considered.
Fighting Food Waste by Law: Making Sense of the Chinese Approach
Authors: Feng Y. , Marek C. , Tosun J.
Published: June 2022

The Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress adopted the Anti-food Waste Law of the People’s Republic of China in April 2021 to guarantee grain security, conserve resources, and protect the environment. We pursue three research questions: Why has China implemented a law with sanctions to reduce food waste, and why now? Why does the law target the catering industry? To answer these questions, we collected primary data through semi-structured interviews with government officials, as well as secondary data through recorded interviews available online with officials of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPCSC) and food waste activists, as well as NPCSC conference reports. We find a legal approach with sanctions was necessary since cultural aspects, specifically conventional Chinese dining habits and pop culture, are difficult to regulate through instruments without sanctions. In addition, we find the Chinese law focuses on the catering industry for a few reasons: (1) More waste is generated by the catering industry than households, (2) waste from the catering industry is easier to monitor than household waste, and (3) this was a response to citizen requests collected during the Anti-food Waste Law public consultation process.
Is Holland a Lumpy Country? An application of the Lens-Condition to Dutch Cities
Authors: Brakman Steven , Hendrich Tijl , van Marrewijk Charles , Olsen Jennifer
Published: June 2022

Traditional trade theory assumes that countries are dimensionless points. Recent research, however, shows that the internal geography of countries is important for the trade structure of a country. One aspect of internal geography is the uneven spatial distribution of factors of production, which especially concentrate in urban locations. The so-called lens-condition (based on the Heckscher-Ohlin model) tests whether the (urban) distribution of factors of production is uneven enough to affect the national structure of trade and welfare. Our analysis, using firm export data and applying the condition to 22 cities and 4 regions within The Netherlands for 2007–2017, shows that the condition is fulfilled. We explain why.
Bicarbonate alone does not totally explain the toxicity from major ions of coal bed derived waters to freshwater invertebrates
Authors: Hills Kasey A. , Hyne Ross V. , Kefford Ben J.
Published: June 2022

Concentrations of major ions in coal mine discharge waters and unconventional hydrocarbon produced waters derived from coal bed methane (CBM) production, are potentially harmful to freshwater ecosystems. Bicarbonate is a major constituent of produced waters from CBM and coal mining. However, little is known about the relative toxicity of differing ionic proportions, especially bicarbonate, found in these CBM waters. As all freshwater invertebrates tested are more acutely sensitive to sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) than sodium chloride (NaCl) or synthetic sea water, we tested the hypotheses that toxicity of CBM waters are driven by bicarbonate concentration, and waters containing a higher proportion of bicarbonate are more toxic to freshwater invertebrates than those with less bicarbonate. We compared the acute (96 h) lethal toxicity to six freshwater invertebrate species of NaHCO3 and two synthetic CBM waters, with ionic proportions representative of water from CBM wells across New South Wales (NSW) and Queensland (Qld), in Australia. The ranking of LC50 values expressed as total salinity was consistent with the hypotheses. However, when toxicity was expressed as bicarbonate concentration, the hypothesis that the toxicity of coal bed waters would be explained by bicarbonate concentration was not well supported, and other ionic components were either ameliorating or exacerbating the NaHCO3 toxicity. Our findings showed NaHCO3 was more toxic than NaCl and that the NaHCO3 proportion of synthetic CBM waters drives toxicity, however other ions are altering the toxicity of bicarbonate.
Coming out in the university workplace: a case study of LGBTQ + staff visibility
Authors: Lee Catherine
Published: June 2022

This article explores the issue of workplace visibility and signs and symbols of LGBTQ + identity in a UK university. A poststructuralist Butlerian theoretical framework underpins this article. Sexual and gender identities are understood as multiple and fragmented, and constructed in relation to others and within the systems of power and knowledge that exist in universities and society more widely. An anonymous survey and focus group discussions were conducted with LGBTQ + staff in a higher education institution in England awarded university status in 1992. Results showed that staff felt relatively comfortable coming out to their peer-groups in the workplace but were less confident in coming out to students. Signs and symbols of LGBTQ + identities were fundamentally important to LGBTQ + staff members in helping them feel safe in the workplace and indicating to LGBTQ + students that they were potentially a source of support. The visibility of LGBTQ + senior leaders was important in empowering staff to believe that they too might progress within the university.
Multilingual writing development: Relationships between writing proficiencies in German, heritage language and English
Authors: Schnoor Birger , Usanova Irina
Published: June 2022

Writing, as a highly complex strategic literacy skill alongside reading, is an essential prerequisite for learning and determines a student’s educational success. In diverse contexts, a student’s linguistic repertoire may involve multiple languages, which may serve as mutual resources in his or her multilingual writing skill development. Drawing on the data from a German panel study, “Multilingual Development: A Longitudinal Perspective”, the current research used the longitudinal writing competence data of 965 German-Russian and German-Turkish secondary students regarding their majority language (German), heritage language (Russian or Turkish), and foreign language (English). We applied longitudinal structural equation modeling to investigate within- and between-language effects in multilingual writing development over three waves of data collection. Accordingly, our study extends previous research on the interrelation of languages in multilingual writing development in two ways. First, we provide a more comprehensive analysis of migrant students’ multilingual writing repertoires by simultaneously evaluating three languages in an integrative model of multilingual writing development. Second, we use longitudinal competence data to decompose covariance between languages to isolate the parts of the variances that truly predict changes within and between languages. This approach empirically tests the resources hypothesis more rigorously than extant evaluations. In summary, our findings indicate that language-specific writing skills may serve as mutual resources for developing multilingual writing proficiency.
High-dimensional regression with potential prior information on variable importance
Authors: Stokell Benjamin G. , Shah Rajen D.
Published: June 2022

There are a variety of settings where vague prior information may be available on the importance of predictors in high-dimensional regression settings. Examples include the ordering on the variables offered by their empirical variances (which is typically discarded through standardisation), the lag of predictors when fitting autoregressive models in time series settings, or the level of missingness of the variables. Whilst such orderings may not match the true importance of variables, we argue that there is little to be lost, and potentially much to be gained, by using them. We propose a simple scheme involving fitting a sequence of models indicated by the ordering. We show that the computational cost for fitting all models when ridge regression is used is no more than for a single fit of ridge regression, and describe a strategy for Lasso regression that makes use of previous fits to greatly speed up fitting the entire sequence of models. We propose to select a final estimator by cross-validation and provide a general result on the quality of the best performing estimator on a test set selected from among a numberMof competing estimators in a high-dimensional linear regression setting. Our result requires no sparsity assumptions and shows that only a$$\log M$$logMprice is incurred compared to the unknown best estimator. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach when applied to missing or corrupted data, and in time series settings. An R package is available on github.
Two accounts of assertion
Authors: Smith Martin
Published: June 2022

In this paper I will compare two competing accounts of assertion: the knowledge account and the justified belief account. When it comes to the evidence that is typically used to assess accounts of assertion—including the evidence from lottery propositions, the evidence from Moore’s paradoxical propositions and the evidence from conversational patterns—I will argue that the justified belief account has at least as much explanatory power as its rival. I will argue, finally, that a close look at the ways in which assertions can be challenged and retracted reveals a certain advantage for the justified belief account. The paper will touch upon a number of further topics along the way, including the logical interaction between knowledge and justified belief, the nature of defeat, and the hypothesis that knowledge and justified belief are normatively coincident goals.