bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical pleurodesis using povidon-iodine for chylothorax treatment in newborns
Authors: Kozlov Yury A. , Rasputin Andrey A. , Kovalkov Konstantin A. , Poloyan Simon S. , Baradieva Polina Z. , Zvonkov Denis A. , Ochirov Chimit B. , Cheremnov Vladislav S. , Kapuller Vadim M.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Chylothorax is a rare condition that results from abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the chest and one of the most common causes of pleural effusion in newborns. The aim of our study is to present our own experience of chemical pleurodesis using povidone-iodine in newborns with chylothorax.
Materials and methods. In the present study, we studied data from 10 patients with chylothorax who, over the past years, starting in 2016, underwent chemical pleurodesis using the drug povidone-iodine. Congenital accumulation of lymph in the pleural cavity was recorded in 2 patients, acquired in 8 patients. The indications for this procedure were the absence of response to total parenteral nutrition for at least 10 days and the appointment of octreotide at the maximum dosage. Pleurodesis consisted in the introduction into the pleural cavity of a 4% solution of povidone-iodine with a calculated dose of 1 ml/kg. The povidone-iodine solution was kept inside the pleural cavity for the next 4 hours.
Results. Chemical pleurodesis was successfully applied in all 10 patients. In 8 patients, a single prescription of the drug was sufficient, and in 2 remaining patients, the pleurodesis session was repeated. After the procedure of chemical pleurodesis, 2 patients developed respiratory distress syndrome caused by massive atelectasis of the homolateral lung, which was confirmed by X-ray examination. These patients required mechanical ventilation for 24 and 48 hours. The average time for the disappearance of chylothorax was 4 days. In the long-term follow-up, 1 patient died from progressive deterioration of pulmonary function against the background of lung hypoplasia.
Conclusions. Our data demonstrate that povidone iodine pleurodesis is a effective treatment for chylothorax in newborns.
Endoscopic removal of metal foreign bodies by magnet: case report
Authors: Petlakh Vladimir I. , Borovitsky Vladimir A. , Konovalov Alexander K. , Strogova Natalya N.
Published: April 2021

The number of children swallowing magnetic foreign bodies has been a significantly high for the past decades, increasingly needing endoscopic or surgical interventions.
Case report. In our observation, a 12-year-old girl swallowed magnetic balls from childrens designer 10 days prior to hospital admission. Foreign bodies (5 balls) were found during X-ray examination in the projection of the cecum. Conservative therapy carried out for 4 days had no success, thus colonoscopy was performed to remove foreign bodies. Foreign bodies were fixed to the intestinal wall, and attempts to separate them were unsuccessful. When a medical magnet was placed outside the body in the right iliac region, a chain of magnetic balls detached from the intestinal wall and made it possible to be captured in a trap loop and be removed. The girl avoided a laparotomy with an opening of the colon.
Conclusion. External use of a medical magnet is effective for navigation and assistance during colonoscopic extraction when magnetic foreign bodies are found in the colon.
Force of Invisible Hand, Labor, and Just Price: Basic Principles of Sorting and Matching Under Wage and Price Dispersion
Authors:   Pierre Mendes France University, Malakhov Sergey
Published: April 2021

If the consumer realistically evaluates the efficiency of his efforts on labor and search, the purchase any quantity demanded will be optimal. Under equilibrium price dispersion suboptimal satisfying purchases represent corner solutions. A buyer who does not claim the optimal purchase either leaves the market or buys optimally. The invisible hand stops the buyer’s search in time and at the place where and when the purchase price allocates his time optimally between labor, search, and leisure and thereby maximizes the utility of his consumption-leisure choice. The producer does not know how much time the consumer has spent on search and what is his willingness to pay. But it is enough for him to know the quantity demanded in order to accurately determine not only the price but also the meeting point. His working time is divided between the actual production and services, for example, the delivery of goods, which saves the consumer's leisure time. A virtual frontier of production possibilities arises where the manufacturer optimally sells goods and leisure to the consumer. Any point on the frontier represents the trade-off between the time spent on search by the consumer and the time spent by producer on the delivery. Sorting sellers and buyers by their industry and diligence, local markets segment the production opportunity frontier. The force of the invisible hand, i.e., the rate of mutual interest, is increasing with seller’s productivity and buyer’s wage rate. The matching occurs at the just price level, which provides the market equilibrium. This price optimizes the distribution of the buyer's time between labor, search, and leisure, and the seller’s time between production and delivery; it equates the producer’s marginal costs with his average cost and maximizes the buyer's consumption-leisure utility. In every local market, a just price also equates the seller’s markup with the actual buyer’s purchasing power. The concept of just price proposed in this article is consistent with both the theory of marginal utility and the labor theory of value.The transformation of producer’s time into consumer’s leisure time discovers the rate of their mutual interest or their gravitation, where its force is directly proportional to the product of quantity supplied and quantity demanded, and inversely proportional to the product of times the parties to the transaction have spent on it.
Russian Resource-Extraction Companies: Conservation of Enclaves of Wealth VS. Movement Toward Integrated Economy
Authors:   Kemerovo State University, Sablin Kirill S. , Kagan Elena S. ,   Kemerovo State University, Sharov Alexandr A. ,   Kemerovo State University
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the comprehensive assessment of the Russian resource-extraction companies’ readiness for the development of the domestic markets, which is an important condition for the formation of an integrated national economy. Currently, Russian economy development is mainly due to the functioning of the export and raw materials sector. This phenomenon leads to the emergence of enclaves of wealth, which do not have any impact on the development of the rest of the economy, and they are connected through short vertical value chains with global markets of raw materials and low added value commodities. Methodological approaches of the study are represented with the concept of dual enclave economy, the concept of global value chains and the concept of discrete structural alternatives. Annual reports of companies and business groups are the primary sources of data. Apparatus of the theory of fuzzy sets and the algorithm of fuzzy inference of Sugeno-0 order were chosen as research methods. The fulfilled analyses show that State-owned enterprises and companies that affiliated closely with the State are characterized with high level of readiness for the development of domestic markets. At the same time, private resource-extraction companies demonstrate medium and low levels. It is concluded that high level of readiness of State-owned enterprises is linked with the implementation of the «coercion to innovations» public policy. This policy consists in the need for companies with state participation to adopt innovation development programs, which included increasing the budget resources for R&D, implementation of innovation activities and the modernization of industries. Furthermore, companies/business groups with state participation invest significant resources in fulfilling quasi-public obligations to the population in the regions of economic activities. This is one of the conditions to obtain various privileges and benefits provided by the State (for instance, exclusive access to new hydrocarbon deposits). At the same time, the question about «soft» methods to involve Russian resource-extraction companies/business groups into innovation process on the domestic markets is still open.
Application of QFD and RDB Analysis Methods for Creation of Targeted Service Offering (Using Example of SFU Higher School of Business)
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Shcherbina Alexey V. , Grechko Mikhail V. ,   Southern Federal University, Stasev Mikhail A. ,   Southern Federal University
Published: April 2021

Importance. The article is devoted to research, as well as systematization and integration of knowledge in the aspect of managing consumer choice and customer loyalty of consumers of educational products, taking into account the transforming strategy of behavior of economic agents. Objectives. As the goal of the study, the problem of developing application tools for managing the targeted supply of educational products and customer loyalty was identified, based on the QFD and RDB methodologies – analysis taking into account the transformation of the classical purchase cycle. Methods. The study is based on the cognitive potential of behavioral economics, cognitive psychology, the results of perspective theory, expert survey techniques, QFD and RDB - analyses that made it possible to systematize economic knowledge, in the context of the study of the problem of developing applied tools for managing the targeted supply of educational products and customer loyalty. All this eventually allowed us to give examples of the application of tools for personalized management of client loyalty of economic agents. Results. Based on the cognitive potential of behavioral economics, the use of behavioral science tools in economic theory, in work, using the QFD matrix, a target set of consumer factors for choosing an educational product was determined. In addition, on the example of the Higher School of Business, the SFU, relying on the cognitive potential of the RDB model, managed to reveal the special significance of the factors for choosing the educational product of the Higher School of Business, as well as determine the flaw in Resonance and propose measures aimed at eliminating the identified problem zone. Conclusions and Importance. The present text systematizes the main conclusions of the study. The results obtained should subsequently become the basis for the formation of a base of practical tools for managing consumer choice and customer loyalty of consumers of educational services.
Beginning of earthquakes modeled with the Griffith's fracture criterion
Authors: Sato Tamao , Kanamori Hiroo
Published: April 2021

We present a source model for the beginning of earthquakes based on the Griffith's fracture criterion. The initial state is a critical state of pre-existing circular fault, which is on the verge of instability. After the onset of instability, the fault grows with a progressively increasing rupture speed, satisfying the condition of fracture energy balance at the crack tip. We investigate the difference in rupture growth patterns in two classes of models that are considered to represent end-member cases. In the first model (Spontaneous model), we assume that the surface energy varies smoothly as a function of position in the crust. In this model, faults with small initial dimensions grow in regions with small surface energy, and those with large initial dimensions, in large surface energy. The rupture velocity increases progressively until it reaches its limiting value. The synthetic velocity seismogram at far field shows a weak initial phase during the transitional stage to limiting velocity. The time taken to reach the limiting velocity is proportional to the initial length of pre-existing fault. Therefore, the duration of the weak initial phase scales with the initial length of fault. In the second model (Trigger model), we envisage that there are many pre-existing faults in the crust with various lengths. These faults are stable because they encounter some obstacle at their ends (e.g., fault segmentation, strong asperity, etc.). This situation is modeled with a local increase of surface energy near the ends of fault. An earthquake is triggered when the obstacle is suddenly removed (i.e., sudden weakening) or the stress is suddenly increased locally to overcome the obstacle. Once an earthquake is triggered, the fault growth is governed by the ambient surface energy. In this model, the rupture speed attains its limiting velocity almost instantly. The synthetic velocity seismogram at far field shows an abrupt, linear increase in amplitude without the weak initial phase that appears in the Spontaneous model. Both models can be unified using a trigger factor defined as a fractional perturbation of the surface energy at the ends of fault relative to the ambient surface energy. The Spontaneous model is characterized by a small trigger factor, and the Trigger model, by a large trigger factor. Thus, the seismic initiation phase with and without the slow initial phase can both occur depending on the trigger factor. The variability in the observed seismic initiation phase may represent a variation surface energy (strength) distribution surrounding the pre-existing cracks. A theoretical consideration of rupture arrest by barriers using the Griffith's fracture criterion does not support the scaling relation between the nucleation moment and the eventual size of earthquake.
Wide-aperture beamforming of depth phases by timescale contraction
Authors: Woodgold Catherine R. D.
Published: April 2021

Teleseismic depth phase signals can be combined with constructive interference from stations spaced as much as 1000 km apart. Each trace is first deconvolved using an operator based on the P phase of that trace, then its timescale is stretched or contracted to eliminate the moveout of pP-P time with distance. Traces can then be added with constructive interference of depth phases out to 10° or more angular distance between the stations on the focal sphere.

Depth phases (pP or sP) representing hypocentral depths ranging from 6 to 204 km were found using Canadian National Seismograph Network (CNSN) data for 45 events, recorded at ranges of 2000 to 10,800 km, which had been reported in the Reviewed Event Bulletins (REB) of the Prototype International Data Center (PIDC), including 23 events for which the REB reported no depth phases. For 28 events for which a catalog depth (REB; or PDE from USGS) was available for comparison, 18 had depths agreeing either within 6 km or within 15%, 7 can be explained by assuming an sP phase was misassociated as pP, 1 is just outside the error bar of the free depth reported in the REB, and only 2 disagree significantly.

Thus, using only Canadian data, depth phases were found by beamforming for many events for which no depth phases had been found by the PIDC using worldwide data including arrays. The depth phase beamforming method has the potential of substantially increasing the number of earthquakes for which teleseismic depth phases can be detected.
Microtremor measurements used to map thickness of soft sediments
Authors: Ibs-von Seht Malte , Wohlenberg Jürgen
Published: April 2021

The observations about the behavior of microtremor spectra presented here show that noise measurements can be used as a powerful tool to determine the thickness of soft cover layers. The most suitable method for this determination is Nakamura's technique, which is the ratio of the horizontal-component noise spectrum and that of the vertical component (H/V spectrum). The frequency of the main peak in these spectral ratios correlates well with the sediment thickness at the site. Using an extensive database of microtremor measurements carried out in the western Lower Rhine Embayment (Germany), it was possible to show that this correlation is clearly valid for a wide range of thickness, namely, from tens of meters to more than 1000 m. A simple formula was derived that, for the sediments to be found in the area investigated, directly calculates the cover thickness from the frequency of the main peak in the H/V spectrum. A comparison with calculated resonant frequencies suggests the relation derived from the noise measurements depending on the velocity depth function of the shear wave. Classical spectral ratios are shown to be strongly influenced by the noise level and are therefore less reliable in determining the resonant frequency of the subsoil. The practical relevance of the investigation is illustrated by means of cross sections, constructed from results of the microtremor analyses, which provide a convincing image of the surficial structure of the areas investigated.
Analysis of earthquake recordings obtained from the Seafloor Earthquake Measurement System (SEMS) instruments deployed off the coast of southern California
Authors: Boore David M. , Smith Charles E.
Published: April 2021

For more than 20 years, a program has been underway to obtain records of earthquake shaking on the seafloor at sites offshore of southern California, near oil platforms. The primary goal of the program is to obtain data that can help determine if ground motions at offshore sites are significantly different than those at onshore sites; if so, caution may be necessary in using onshore motions as the basis for the seismic design of oil platforms. We analyze data from eight earthquakes recorded at six offshore sites; these are the most important data recorded on these stations to date. Seven of the earthquakes were recorded at only one offshore station; the eighth event was recorded at two sites. The earthquakes range in magnitude from 4.7 to 6.1. Because of the scarcity of multiple recordings from any one event, most of the analysis is based on the ratio of spectra from vertical and horizontal components of motion. The results clearly show that the offshore motions have very low vertical motions compared to those from an average onshore site, particularly at short periods. Theoretical calculations find that the water layer has little effect on the horizontal components of motion but that it produces a strong spectral null on the vertical component at the resonant frequency of P waves in the water layer. The vertical-to-horizontal ratios for a few selected onshore sites underlain by relatively low shear-wave velocities are similar to the ratios from offshore sites for frequencies less than about one-half the water layer P-wave resonant frequency, suggesting that the shear-wave velocities beneath a site are more important than the water layer in determining the character of the ground motions at lower frequencies.
Lateral variation ofPnandLgattenuation at theCDSNstationLSA
Authors: Reese C. C. , Rapine R. R. , Ni J. F.
Published: April 2021

The propagation efficiencies of the regional phases Lg and Pn are indicative of how active and recent tectonics influence crust and uppermost mantle properties, respectively. In this study, regional scale lateral heterogeneity of Lg and Pn attenuation for the region in and around the southern Tibetan Plateau is investigated. The data set is comprised of seismograms recorded at the Chinese Digital Seismogram Network (CDSN) station LSA from regional events with epicentral distances within 11°. Attenuation of Lg and Pn is calculated using spectral methods and assuming constant QLg and QPn models for the frequency bands 0.3 to 3.0 Hz and 0.5 to 4.0 Hz, respectively. Lateral variation in attenuation is estimated by analyzing data on an event-by-event basis. Significant lateral variation is observed with QLg decreasing from about 520 for events south of LSA to about 340 for events north of LSA and QPn ∼ 670 for southern backazimuths, while QPn ∼ 240 for northern events. For Pn, this north-south variation is consistent with other observations, indicating partially melted upper mantle beneath north central Tibet. For Lg, the azimuthal variation in attenuation indicates that Lg propagation as observed at LSA is efficient for paths crossing the southern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau relative to paths within the plateau itself.
Uterine Artery Embolization End Points and Collateral Circulation: Value of Intra-Procedural Non-Contrast Cone Beam CT
Authors: Tepper Jaron , Cynamon Jacob
Published: April 2021

Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is a well-accepted treatment for symptomatic uterine fibroids, but endpoints of UAE remain controversial. This is of significant concern as incomplete embolization can lead to treatment failure, necessitating repeat embolization or alternative treatments such as hysterectomy. Multiple potential causes of UAE failure have been described including failure to catheterize one or both of the uterine arteries, uterine artery spasm, clumping of embolic material and collateral blood supply vascularizing the fibroids. In this review, we discuss potential approaches to identifying collateral blood supply to the uterus and suggest that intra-procedural non-contrast cone beam CT provides unique advantages to addressing this issue.
Gender, sex hormones and diabetic retinopathy: A review
Authors: Maurya Rajendra P , Gupta Ashish , Singh Anup , Singh Virendra P , Bosak Sanjay , Singh Vibha , Kushwaha Brijesh , Kumar Anil , Manisha  , Patel Eshwari
Published: April 2021

In recent years, more attention has been paid towards the research in the field of gender specific medicine. The purpose of this review article is to find out the gender alteration in the incidence and prevalence of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy and role of sex steroid hormones in the etiopathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Several studies have suggested that the prevalence of type-I diabetes is more common among males than females in post pubertal age group. Sex hormone receptors have been identified in the eye, but the role of sex hormones are involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy, is not well understood. Through this article, we would like to highlight about the sex hormone receptors in various ophthalmic tissues, gender based differences in diabetic retinopathy and the role of gonadal hormones in the development of diabetic retinopathy.
Gestión en salud: en defensa de la vida
Authors: Campos Gastão Wagner de Sousa
Published: April 2021

Este libro explora las posibilidades de que la finalidad de la gestión en salud tenga como eje principal "la defensa de la vida". La defensa de la vida expresa un compromiso central con las necesidades de salud y con el derecho universal a la salud, organizando redes de cuidado que aseguren acceso y equidad. En el desarrollo del texto se analizan diversos obstáculos concretos para la realización de esta finalidad, dado que en el funcionamiento de las organizaciones de salud también están involucrados el interés de los profesionales de la salud e incluso la rentabilidad de sectores privados productores de insumos o de servicios. Para superar estas tendencias estructurales se sugiere una "revolución de las cosas y personas" en los sistemas e instituciones de salud. En este caso, las cosas son desde leyes, normas, hasta los modelos de atención y las relaciones jerárquicas de poder vigentes en salud. Se discuten diversas estrategias de democratización institucional y de cogestión, no solo respecto de las y los profesionales, sino también en su relación con usuarios y comunidades. Se reflexiona, además, sobre la relación entre los conocimientos y las prácticas en salud y la gestión, la constitución de sujetos reflexivos, abiertos al otro y que operen con responsabilidad sanitaria combinada con autonomía y creatividad, es decir, cambiar estructuras y personas. Se discuten diversas líneas para orientar los cambios políticos, éticos y epistemológicos indispensables para una profunda reforma de la racionalidad gerencial hegemónica.
Structural phase transformations during deformation Of Fe-Co-V alloys using the high-pressure torsion method
Authors:   National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Muradimova L. F. , Glezer A. M. ,   National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Shirshikov S. O. ,   National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Shchetinin I. V. ,   National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Dyakonov D. L. ,   I.P. Bardin Central Research Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy
Published: April 2021

Fe-Co alloys belong to the soft magnetic materials and have an extremely high value of saturation magnetization σ at room temperature. In particular, Fe-Co alloy with the equiatomic ratio of components at room temperature has the maximal σ value among all known ferromagnetic materials. Unfortunately, it is hard to reproduce the unique magnetic properties of these alloys (especially Fe-Co alloys) due to their high fragility caused mainly by the formation of far atomic ordering according to B2 type in the structure. Adding vanadium to the Fe-Co alloys increases plasticity, but it reduces basic magnetic characteristics. In this paper, using the X-ray structural analysis, transmission scanning microscopy, and magnetometry, the authors analyzed the influence of high-pressure torsion at the temperatures of 77 and 295 K on the structure and phase composition of soft magnetic alloys (Fe-Co)100-xVx (x=0–6.0). As the principal structural parameter before and after deformation, the authors analyzed the magnitude of γ-phase volume ratio in the BCC magnetic matrix. The study identified that plastic deformation causes the suppression of formation of excessive γ-phase in alloys containing (3.0–6.0) % V. The study shows that the loss of γ-phase is observed with the increase of high-pressure torsion deformation firstly in the alloys with the high vanadium proportion and at the deformation effect at higher temperature (295 K). The authors conclude that the detected effect is a consequence of γ→α martensite transformation caused by deformation by analogy to TRIP-effect. The study identified that the suppression of paramagnetic γ-phase leads to a noticeable increase in the specific saturation magnetization.
Estimation of texture parameters for the precision surfaces using the quasioptimal correlation algorithms
Authors:   Samara State Technical University, Nosov N. V. , Kostin N. P. ,   Samara State Technical University, Ladyagin R. V. ,   Samara State Technical University
Published: April 2021

The authors considered a new method of texture analysis of machined precision surfaces based on using computer optics and the autocorrelation method of processing the images of micro-relief textures under the study. This method is based on a probabilistic comparative evaluation of the unknown texture of the micro-relief under the investigation with the available textures of reference micro-patterns, in which microrelief parameters are determined. The paper proposes an approach to identify the profile surface roughness of a gas turbine engine (GTE) blade after vibro-contact polishing according to the parameters of correlation surface texture. The authors studied the surface micro-geometry of the blade back and pressure side using the optoelectronic complex based on the calculation of the average amplitude of the variable component of an autocorrelation function resulting from computer processing of a surface video image. The application of the electrooptic method for evaluating the surface texture of compressor and turbine blades allows building the surface roughness fields and more deeply analyzing the technology of final processing of the GTE blade feather profile. The relevance and novelty of the study lie in the promising technique to evaluate the surface quality parameters using the electrooptic method. A special feature of this method is the measurement of surface area roughness, while the stylus methods measure the roughness of the surface profile. An important advantage of the proposed method is its application to measure the roughness parameters of a curved surface by a non-contact method, which is advanced since there are surfaces of parts that do not imply being scratched with a diamond needle.
The enhancement of cutting capacity of a grinding wheel when processing ductile steel blank parts by ultrasonic activation
Authors:   JSC Ulyanovsk Mechanical Plant, Khazov A. V. , Unyanin A. N. ,   Ulyanovsk State Technical University
Published: April 2021

The study aimed to identify the relations between the sticking intensity and ultrasonic vibrations (UV) used for processing and evaluate the wheels’ performance when grinding ductile materials blank parts. The authors carried out the numerical simulation of local temperatures and the 3H3M3F steel workpiece temperature when grinding by ultrasonic activation. The study determined that the application of ultrasonic vibrations with the amplitude of 3 µm causes the decrease in local temperatures by 13…40 %, and in blank part temperature – up to 20 %. The calculation identified that the activation of ultrasonic vibrations with the amplitude of 3 µm causes the decrease in the glazing coefficient by 33 % for cutting grain and by 7 % for deforming grain. When increasing the longitudinal feed rate or the grinding depth, the glazing coefficient increases to a lesser degree when using the ultrasonic vibration than in the case without ultrasonic activation. The authors carried out the numerical simulation of local temperatures when scratching the 3H3M3F steel specimens by single abrasive grains with ultrasonic activation. The sticking deformation and the stresses resulted from this deformation and affecting the junction points of sticking with grains with and without ultrasonic vibrations application are calculated. The experimental research included the micro-cutting of specimens with single abrasive grains. The experiments identified that the abrasive grains wear out and glaze to a lesser degree when micro-cutting a workpiece with ultrasonic vibrations activation. The lowering of the intensity of sticking of the workpiece material particles to the abrasive grains due to the adhesion causes the decrease in the glazing coefficient when using ultrasonic activation. The study considered the possibility to enhance the efficiency of flat grinding through the use of the energy of ultrasonic vibrations applied to a blank part in the direction with the grinding wheel axis. A workpiece fixed in the device between the vibration transducer and the support is one of the components of a vibration system. The authors performed the experiment when grinding 3H3M3F and 12H18N10T steel workpieces with the wheel face. When grinding with ultrasonic vibrations, the grinding coefficient increases up to 70 %, and the redress life increases twice or thrice.
ON THE ISSUE OF USING THE RESULTS OF MODELING THE EVACUATION OF PEOPLE WHEN PRODUCING EVIDENCE OF A CRIME OF FIRE SAFETY BREACH
Authors:   Academy of State Fire-Fighting Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, Karpov S. Yu. , Sadovsky V. V. ,   St. Petersburg University of State Fire-Fighting Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia
Published: April 2021

The paper considers special characteristics of classifying crimes related to the fire safety breach. The authors pay special attention to the issue of admissibility of using probabilistic inference of the fire mathematical simulation as evidence when classifying crimes related to the fire safety breach. It is proposed to emphasize the software programs and expert techniques quality before implementing them in the forensic-examination activity. Using the disposition of article 219 of the RF Criminal Code, the authors attempt to discuss the problematic issues related to the application of the results of mathematical simulation of the evacuation of people in case of fire when classifying and proving the obligatoriness (voluntariness) of fire safety requirements. The paper includes examples of problematic issues in the current techniques when calculating the probability of escape of people in the case of fire. The research allows considering both the technical and legal aspects of the application of current techniques for determining the probability of evacuation of people in the case of fire within the frame of forensic fire investigations. The authors propose to correct (develop) and standardize expert techniques used within fire investigations in the cases of fire safety breaches. The paper concludes on the inadmissibility of application of probabilistic meanings (results) obtained in the mathematical simulation of the evacuation of people in the case of fire as the essential evidence in the cases of fire safety breaches. The study allows specifying the problematic issues in using the evacuation simulation results when proving a body of a crime related to the fire safety breaches and substantiating the significance of further research.
HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE OF LEGAL REGULATION OF JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES IN RUSSIA IN XVII–XIX CENTURIES
Authors:   TECHNO LEX LLC, Kerentseva E. I. ,   Togliatti State University
Published: April 2021

The relevance of the study is caused by the development of the economic system of Russia and legal relations in the business area, as well as by the particular role of joint-stock companies as constituent entities. The retrospective analysis of Russian legislation is necessary to understand the cause-and-effect relations of legislative consolidation of legal norms, which govern the joint-stock companies' activity. The results of such an analysis can contribute to solving the problems of current lawmaking in this field. This paper presents the historical and administrative prerequisites for the establishment of joint-stock business entities in pre-revolutionary Russia. The paper considered the issue of the reception of a joint-stock form of entrepreneurship and analyzed principal legislative acts regulating the questions of defining a legal status and creating joint-stock companies. From the content of the Manifesto of January 1, 1807, the author identified the essential features of a joint-stock company, which, by their nature, correspond to those enshrined in current Russian legislation. The study considered the historical prerequisites of normative consolidation of the principle of limited liability of corporation participants. The author investigates the issues of joint-stock companies establishment and the structure of a Charter as a constituent document; focuses on the insufficient legal regulation of the joint-stock companies activity, which resulted in the increased regulatory role of Charters. The paper analyzes special aspects of normative regulation of joint-stock companies activity in the territory of the Russian Empire, for example, the established limitations. The author concludes on the absence of a clear split of various legal company types and identifies the collision in terms used in legislation to define joint-stock companies. Within the research, the author concludes the existence of continuity of current corporate legislation.
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPLICITY IN THE HOLDING THE HIGHEST POSITION WITHIN THE CRIMINAL HIERARCHY
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Kondratyuk S. V.
Published: April 2021

The author considered the classification of accomplices' acts in obtaining by a person of the highest position within the criminal hierarchy (the thief-in-law status). The research took into account the causal connections between the elements of the co-enforcement system regarding such crime. The paper divided the objective aspect of obtaining the highest position within the criminal hierarchy (the status of a thief in the law) into stages depending on the content of the crime co-perpetrators actions. The author considered the situations with a voluntary refusal of a person from the obtained highest position within the criminal hierarchy (the status of a thief in the law) as well as the conditions for co-executors active repentance. The paper defines an applicant to obtain the highest position within the criminal hierarchy (the thief-in-law status) as a performer. The study established that the status leaders become the co-perpetrators of a crime participating in the decision to grant a person the highest position in the criminal hierarchy (the status of a thief in the law). The co-perpetrators of this crime also include persons who consciously and purposefully disseminate the information about the assignment of a person to the highest position in the criminal hierarchy (the status of a thief in the law). Personal voluntary renunciation of the acquired highest position in the criminal hierarchy (the status of a thief in the law) should be made openly, for example, using the status in social networks or a chat. Active repentance of the accomplices of the crime under consideration provides for the voluntary refusal of a person from the acquired highest position in the criminal hierarchy (the status of a thief in law).
MECHANISMS FOR REDUCING THE LATENCY OF CORRUPTION CRIMES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors:   Kazan Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Ramazanov A. V.
Published: April 2021

The author describes the conditions and peculiarities of committing corruption-related offenses in the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan and proposes universal methods and tools for detecting corruption crimes in government and management bodies. The paper reflects possible ways to reduce the latency of corruption crimes, among which the author highlights the strengthening of theoretical and legal training of law enforcement officers, the involvement of experts at the stage of a preliminary investigation, the exclusion of the creation of additional structures, bodies, documents in the fight against corruption offenses and crimes. To reduce corruption risks, the author proposes to introduce an open information system of document flow between the law enforcement agencies for receiving appeals about the facts of corruption offences and crimes. The issue of confidentiality and protection of an applicant remains open if the appeal concerns corruption in law enforcement agencies. The author proposes other methods of detecting corruption crimes in government and management bodies by improving operational and investigative activities. The author proposed to supplement part 3.1 of Article 17 of the law “Concerning the State Civil Service” with the words both about the possible business activities (including the activities of a self-employed) of a former state civil servant and the prohibition of such activities for his/her close relatives to exclude the jobbery. It is proposed article 13.3 of the law “Concerning Combating Corruption” should exclude the obligation for organizations to develop anti-corruption documents while maintaining the advisory nature of these actions since the current legislation does not provide for liability for the absence of such documents.
ON THE FORMAL ASPECT OF REGULATION OF THE CRIMINAL LEGAL IMPACT IN RESPECT OF MILITARY PERSONNEL IN THE RF CRIMINAL CODE
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Zakomoldin R. V.
Published: April 2021

The paper analyzes special norms and provisions of the RF Criminal Code reflecting the specifics of criminal law impact towards such a particular subject as military personnel. The author studies the nature, meaning, and varieties of special criminal law norms. The paper highlights the diversity of such norms and their presence in General and Special parts of the criminal law. In this respect, the author explains that these norms have a dual purpose: they are applied both instead of general norms and along with them, supplementing and specifying them. The author emphasizes the certainty, necessity, and reasonability of special norms and provisions in criminal law. The study pays special attention to military criminal legislation as a special criminal legal institution and a set of special rules and provisions that allows differentiating and individualizing criminal responsibility and criminal punishment of servicemen, taking into account the specifics of their legal status and the tasks they perform in the conditions of military service. The author considers special norms and provisions of the General Part of the RF Criminal Code regulating particular military types of criminal punishment and the procedure for their imposition (Articles 44, 48, 51, 54, 55), as well as the norms and provisions of the Special Part of the RF Criminal Code on crimes against military service (Articles 331–352). Besides, the study identifies close interrelation and interdependence of special norms and provisions of the criminal law with the criminal procedure and criminal executive legislation because they are the elements of a single mechanism of criminal law impact on military personnel, and only their combination ensures the effectiveness of such impact. Based on the analysis, the author formulates the conclusions and proposals to introduce amendments and additions to the RF Criminal Code concerning military criminal legislation. First of all, the author proposes highlighting the section “Criminal liability of military personnel” and the chapter “Features of criminal liability and punishment of military personnel” in the General part of the RF Criminal Code and abandoning the provision of part 3 of Art. 331 in the Special part.
THE EXPERIENCE OF REGULATION OF POWERS OF A DEFENSE LAWYER ACCORDING TO THE STATUTE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE OF 1864 AND THE RF CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Yunoshev S. V. , Zhirova M. Yu. ,   Togliatti State University
Published: April 2021

The paper considers the issue of the improvement of the defender’s procedural status in the current criminal procedure. The authors analyze the respective statements of the Statute of Criminal Procedure of 1864. The study states that one of the significant results of the Great judicial reform of Emperor Alexander II was the introduction of professional advocacy. However, the defender’s status established by the Statute distinguished itself by the unprecedented development, vesting a defender with powers absent in the previous legislation. The paper analyzes the particular procedural powers of a defender concerning an optimal model of their regulation. The study shows that, in general, the statements of the RF Code Criminal Procedure have moved so far forward compared to the similar Statute statements, especially concerning the access of a defender to the stage of a pre-trial investigation. However, it appears that to solve many problematic aspects of the current status of a defender, the experience of corresponding procedural regulation in the Statute can be a target to improve this status. In particular, the authors focus on the fact that, according to the Statute norms, a defender was less limited in the right to copy data and the materials of a criminal case. The study substantiates that a defender in the pre-revolutionary period had much more opportunities to offer evidence to a court; particularly, it concerned the proof of witness. According to the Statute statements, the parties were procedurally equal in the right to refer to special knowledge, which is absent in the current criminal procedure. The paper states that at the moment, the defender’s right to gather evidence has some significant gaps and limitations compared to the similar right during the term of the Statute.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF TASKS FOR SELF-CONTROL AND ANALYSIS OF THEIR QUALITY USING THE MOODLE SYSTEM
Authors:   Samara State Technical University, Velikanova Yu. V. , Kosareva E. A. ,   Samara State Technical University
Published: April 2021

When studying disciplines, not all students can objectively assess the quality of their knowledge and the level of their preparation for intermediate certification (test or exam). As a backup tool, the authors developed and introduced into the educational process one of the simple and effective ways to test oneself – tests for self-control in all sections of the course, which are integrated into the physics training course under the control of LMS MOODLE. In the example of the Mechanics section, the paper shows the technique for calculating the main characteristics and parameters of test cases. The authors analyzed the results of the test cases using the data of the built-in statistical processing module. Course approval showed that the developed test tasks are efficient in terms of improving the quality of students’ knowledge. Using the indicators defined in the LMS MOODLE Statistics module, the authors evaluated the quality of both the test cases as a whole and individual tasks. It allowed correcting the task cases, identifying and excluding unsuitable questions from the database, and identifying the sections that caused the most difficulties. The analysis showed that the created base of test tasks for self-control is suitable for further use, taking into account a slight adjustment. The calculation of the achievement rate allows predicting the assessment and specifying the topics that cause difficulties. Repeated testing makes it possible to achieve the desired result. Self-control allows creating self-educational competencies and improving the quality of education.
Análise da distribuição espacial de áreas verdes urbanas na qualidade térmica em região de clima semiárido
Authors: Pereira Jéssica Daiane Santos , Brandão Luana Karla de Vasconcelos , Barbosa Ricardo Victor Rodrigues
Published: April 2021

As implicações do crescimento das cidades, que ocorre de forma a subjugar os espaços naturais, têm se tornado evidentes nas últimas décadas. Dessa forma, buscou-se analisar a relação entre as configurações das áreas verdes com arborização na redução da temperatura do ar e manutenção da umidade específica, em condições climatológicas de dia quente e seco. Para isso, foram elaborados cinco cenários parametrizados que apresentam áreas verdes em 10% da área geral da gleba, em diferentes formas de espacialização: central, distribuída, linear, mista e periférica. Todos os cenários parametrizados foram modelados no software ENVI-Met 4.0 para gerar as simulações demonstrativas do comportamento higrotérmico dos cenários. A análise comparou, entre as cinco tipologias, qual a área de influência máxima alcançada pela menor temperatura do ar e maior umidade específica do ar presente simultaneamente em todos os cenários. Os resultados mostraram que a espacialização da área verde arborizada promove diferentes áreas de influência sobre o espaço simulado.
Análise de diferentes processos de cura para o concreto de fundações
Authors: Guimarães Gustavo Vaz de Mello , Silva Lucas Marques Pires da
Published: April 2021

A última revisão da NBR 6118 (ABNT, 2014) alterou a resistência característica a compressão (fck) mínima do concreto de 15 MPa para 20 MPa. Mesmo assim, na prática de projetos de fundações, ainda é comum que se utilize valores de fck inferiores ao mínimo exigido em norma (e.g: 18 MPa). Nesse contexto foram moldados corpos de prova de concreto submetidos a cinco diferentes processos de cura: tanque com água (referência), ao ar e enterrados em solos com diferentes permeabilidades. Os valores encontrados para o fck dos CP’s curados ao ar foram os menores encontrados, enquanto os CP’s curados no tanque com água obtiveram os maiores valores de fck. Para os demais ambientes de cura os valores do fck variaram de acordo com a permeabilidade do solo, sendo maiores para os solos com menor permeabilidade.