bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heat, Humility, and Hubris: The Conundrum of the Fiske Report
Authors: Latham Joyce M.
Published: October 2014

The “Fiske Report” is the popular title for a study conducted in the late 1950s under the auspices of the University of California School of Librarianship with the financial support of the Fund for the Republic, a liberal philanthropic organization. The intended focus was the practice of book selection in school and public libraries, but the key concern that emerged from the study was the practice within the field of “self-censorship.” The period of study ranged from 1956 to 1958, with the final report published in 1959. A symposium in 1958 to investigate the social influences on libraries identified the primary cause of the censorious practices as the ubiquitous female gender of the librarians. Issues the research participants raised related to education for and development of professionalism within the field of practice received cursory attention, and the opportunity to engage the question of the social roles of librarianship remained unaddressed.
Librarians’ Free Speech: The Challenge of Librarians’ Own Intellectual Freedom to the American Library Association, 1946–2007
Authors: Asato Noriko
Published: October 2014

Traditionally the concept of intellectual freedom has developed out of the perspective of users’ rights to access library materials. The American Library Association (ALA) codified this with the Library Bill of Rights, Code of Ethics, and Freedom to Read Statement. However, librarians’ own intellectual freedom has been largely overlooked. Because of this, safeguarding librarians’ own free-speech rights has received little attention even within the profession. This article examines over a half-century of cases involving librarians’ attempts to defend their own intellectual freedom. The article also explores ALA’s conflicting responses and how it struggled to define intellectual freedom, especially in the late 1960s and 1970s when it established the Office for Intellectual Freedom, Freedom to Read Foundation, LeRoy C. Merritt Humanitarian Fund, and several committees that investigated such cases. This article explores key incidents that led ALA to create policies or change directions regarding professional’s free-speech rights. It shows the struggle within ALA on the controversial idea of defending librarians’ intellectual freedom.
Delusions: A Different Kind of Belief?
Authors: Mullen Richard , Gillett Grant
Published: October 2014

Abstract:
Delusions are typically considered to be beliefs and analyzed as propositional attitudes, under constraints of rationality and coherence. But, whereas factual beliefs are assessed in terms of falsity and conviction, but other beliefs are not so clear-cut. The characteristics of delusions are considered here in the light of philosophical approaches to belief, and they are compared with other strongly held, nonfactual beliefs. Approaching delusions as beliefs has several drawbacks: (i) It implies that psychiatry is in the business of determining and regulating the acceptable limits of human belief; (ii) it may result in the misidentification of other strong belief as delusion; and (iii) it fails to explain the often debilitating nature of delusions. If delusions are organized and integrated into the psyche in ways that differ from ordinary beliefs, their influence on, and incongruence with, a person’s other thoughts, emotions, and behavior become more explicable, as do the persistent theoretical problems of definition and distinction in the face of a relatively robust diagnostic practice. We argue that, although accepting that delusions might reasonably be considered as a kind of belief, their wider role in the life of a psychotic patient and the ways that they seem to differ from more ordinary belief merits scrutiny.
Moral Responsibility and Mental Health: Applying the Standard of the Reasonable Person
Authors: Ciurria Michelle
Published: October 2014

Abstract:
Will Cartwright evaluates two prevalent theories of responsibility in terms of how well they apply to people with sociopathic personality disorder. His analysis shows that neither theory is adequate and that both arguably rest on a fiction. This leaves us with no positive theory of responsibility, which is unacceptable given the important role that responsibility plays in structuring our social lives and maintaining social order. In this paper, I review Cartwright’s critique of the two candidate theories and add three new objections. I then propose a third alternative, which evades the problems that afflict the first two views. This new view not only adequately measures responsibility in cases of mental health disabilities, such as sociopathic personality disorder, but also contributes to the debate about moral responsibility, which has developed in the ethics literature over the past two decades.
Conscience and Collective Pressure
Authors: Nykänen Hannes
Published: October 2014

Abstract:
In the present paper, my aim is to show that Freud confuses conscience with what I call collective pressure. (I also touch on certain, fundamental but problematic assumptions in Kant and indicate how they connect to moral philosophy in general.) What Freud accounts for is, actually, not conscience but collective pressure. I have chosen to reveal this confusion by discussing the way collectivity is constituted by guilt. Guilt is not a fundamental, moral response, but rather a repression of bad conscience. We try to escape our difficulties with the I–you relationship that is characteristic to conscience by understanding ourselves in impersonal, collective terms. But because conscience cannot be simply erased, it is covered over by guilt, which is a distortion of bad conscience.
History, Activism, and the Queer Child in Derek Jarman’s Queer Edward II (1991)
Authors: Parsons Alexandra
Published: October 2014

This essay discusses the role of the collaboratively authored text Queer Edward II , which was published alongside the release of Derek Jarman’s film adaptation of Christopher Marlowe’s Edward II in 1991. The inscription states, “dedicated to: the repeal of all anti-gay laws, particularly Section 28” (n.pag.), which prohibited local authorities from “promoting homosexuality by teaching or by publishing material.” The book is far more than a published script. This essay considers its role as an artefact, distinct from the film that prompted its production, and examines how it operates as a queer activist text that both acts as a marker of solidarity for its queer readers and a means of protest. The book provides a focused reaction against Section 28 to a much greater extent than the film in part by foregrounding the figure of the queer child alongside the activist slogans that punctuate the text. In addition, Jarman uses his own personal history to provide a wealth of evidence of experience in order to incite political anger. He thereby demonstrates how this can be transformed into activist interventions, such as Queer Edward II , to promote social change. By rehabilitating the context and history of the book, which has to date not received significant scholarly attention, this essay demonstrates its relevance to an understanding of Jarman’s varied oeuvre and his political activism in particular. By addressing homophobia with Queer Edward II , Jarman hoped to rouse even more of his audience and readers into action in a time of crisis under a government that continued to legislate against its own citizens.
“To the future”: Derek Jarman’s Edward II in the Archive
Authors: Aebischer Pascale
Published: October 2014

This essay traces the development of Derek Jarman’s ideas about Christopher Marlowe’s tragedy from his student days at King’s College London, through the film Edward II (1991), to the unpublished screenplay of “Pansy.” I argue that the play Jarman first read as a student and admired for its rhetorical figures and portrayal of same-sex love took on a political edge in 1986, when Jarman was diagnosed as HIV-positive, and homophobic legislation was first debated by Margaret Thatcher’s Government. The truncated film treatment “28” and the scripts for Sod ‘Em composed in response to these events use Marlowe’s tragedy as a structuring device that lends historical depth to the struggles of Jarman’s modern protagonist. In 1988, Jarman physically stood this script on its head as he started to rework it as Edward II in a script that imagined a Renaissance setting for the tragedy and stuck remarkably close to Marlowe’s words and Ranulph Higden’s chronicle account of the life of King Edward II. The screenplay Jarman eventually used for Edward II moves back in the direction of the political rage and focus on the present of Sod’Em and shows Jarman hesitating over the ending of his film and the significance of young Edward III. The return to Sod’Em is completed in Jarman’s Marlowe-inspired screenplay for the satirical musical “Pansy,” which imagines a hopeful future for its young queer king Pansy, who vanquishes the conservative forces of repression and dedicates his rule to sexual freedom.
Editorial: Derek Jarman and “the Renaissance”
Authors: Silverstone Catherine
Published: October 2014

2014 marks the twentieth anniversary of the death of Derek Jarman—filmmaker, gardener, painter, poet, queer rights and HIV/AIDS activist, set and costume designer, and writer—who died on 19 February 1994 from complications related to AIDS. This issue of Shakespeare Bulletin brings together some of the foremost critics of Jarman’s interest in this period, along with several newer voices, including those working from different disciplines and fields (for example, film studies, queer studies, life writing, performance studies) in order to offer a series of fresh perspectives on this aspect of Jarman’s oeuvre and also, in the case of my essay, the politics of commemoration, to which this issue contributes. The editorial surveys Jarman’s long-standing fascination with “the Renaissance,” discusses the influence of his work on theatre and filmmakers, and identifies implications and choices relating to period-based terminology. It also introduces essays by Rowland Wymer on Jarman’s creative contribution to Ken Russell’s The Devils (1971), Claire Monk on Jubilee (1978), Jim Ellis on Caravaggio (1986) and Modern Nature (1991), Lee Benjamin Huttner on Edward II (1991), Alexandra Parsons on Queer Edward II (1991), Pascale Aebischer on Jarman’s workbooks for Edward II and related projects “28,” Sod’Em , and “Pansy,” and my essay, which considers the politics of remembering Jarman more broadly. Collectively, the essays stand as a testament to the possibilities that Jarman’s work entails for thinking about the (early modern) past, present, and future, especially (but not exclusively) for queers, and looks forward to continued critical and popular engagement with his work and life.
Remembering Derek Jarman: Death, Legacy, and Friendship
Authors: Silverstone Catherine
Published: October 2014

In the twenty years since Derek Jarman died on 19 February 1994 from complications related to AIDS, there have been numerous efforts to remember, commemorate, and celebrate his life and work. In contrast to extensive critical accounts of Jarman’s life and work, the phenomenon of the multi-faceted responses to his death has yet to receive sustained critical consideration. Organised around two central topics—legacy and friendship—this essay analyses key trends and issues that emerge from a consideration of selected texts and events produced in the wake of Jarman’s death, developed with examples primarily from obituaries, articles, interviews, Isaac Julien’s documentary Derek (2008) and related publications, and selected events from Jarman2014. Death signals more than the loss of an individual life. In Jarman’s case, his death indexes shifts in British obituary writing and becomes a means through which to remember the HIV/AIDS crisis from the mid-1980s to early 1990s, queer civil rights activism, and changes in the conditions of experimental filmmaking in the UK. Legacy emerges as never complete but an on-going iterative process. Jarman’s efforts to remember himself, friends, and collaborators are posthumously reciprocated by his friends. A consideration of these acts of friendship illustrates how friendship is structured in relation to death and how friends’ memories of the dead are embedded in the concerns of the living. The range of media used to remember Jarman also shows how memories of the dead are dependent on technology and how shifts in technology over the last twenty years offer increased possibilities for remembering Jarman’s work publicly.
Derek Jarman’s Renaissance and The Devils (1971)
Authors: Wymer Rowland
Published: October 2014

The invitation in 1970 to design the sets for Ken Russell’s film The Devils (1971) changed Derek Jarman’s life, diverting him from painting towards film making. Russell’s film proved very influential on Jarman’s own work (for instance, the censored “rape of Christ” sequence was recreated in Jubilee [1978]). The film also captured some of the contradictions of Jarman’s attitudes towards “the Renaissance.” Sometimes he seems to think that the value and importance of the Renaissance lay primarily in its revival and conservation of classical forms but elsewhere in his films and writings, he can be extremely negative about the Renaissance in its guise as the “early modern.” In the film, the death of the priest Urbain Grandier is preceded by the destruction of the statuary, paintings, and books within his study. This “annihilation of the Renaissance” takes place as part of a determined attempt by Cardinal Richelieu to centralize all power in the monarchy, a characteristically early modern development. To complicate things further, the means used to crush the semi-independent city of Loudun involve the manipulation of a convent of “possessed” nuns, foregrounding the kind of pre-modern, “medieval” irrationalism which Jarman was fascinated by. In other words, one (classical) version of the Renaissance is destroyed by an unholy alliance of some of the “pre-modern” and “early modern” characteristics of the early seventeenth century (characteristics which had been foregrounded by Aldous Huxley in the film’s source text). The essay attempts to establish the full extent of Jarman’s creative contribution to Russell’s film and to explore the tensions between different conceptualisations of the Renaissance which are apparent within it and which are manifested later in Jarman’s own films.
“The shadow of this time”: Punk, Tradition, and History in Derek Jarman’s Jubilee (1978)
Authors: Monk Claire
Published: October 2014

Derek Jarman filmed his visionary, ultra-low-budget dystopian satire Jubilee in London in 1977, during a period which saw both Queen Elizabeth II’s Silver Jubilee celebrations and the furore around the Sex Pistols’ single “God Save the Queen.” This essay reappraises Jubilee (1978), and its place within Jarman’s film works and thought, through (at least) three intersecting prisms. First, Jubilee remains unrivalled as an ambivalent, both creative and critical, response to the 1970s punk and Jubilee “moment.” Second, in relation to Jarman’s wider oeuvre, it appears more document than invention: a personal (even autobiographical) work whose ethic and mode of production, as much as its textual aesthetics, situate it clearly within his wider practice. Third, Jubilee is exceptional for its provocative, complex use of English history, summoning and (re-)deploying Queen Elizabeth I alongside other historical and Shakespearean figures from the early modern period in a strategy of what one reviewer describes as “disembowelling the present through the memory of the past.” With these perspectives in mind, this essay revisits Jubilee ’s past-present relations and rhythms with an emphasis on its late twentieth-century contexts. These reveal Jubilee as a text in which early modern echoes and influences collide with the postmodern, but also double back on themselves to serve a further dialectical interplay–between the dystopic late-1970s “present” of Jubilee ’s production and punk context, and the modern recent past of Britain’s 1950s “New Elizabethan” age. The film’s textual doublings further place Elizabeth I in cross-temporal juxtaposition with a wider multiplicity of “queen” figures. Jarman’s approach to history in Jubilee also anticipated his distinctive, non-binary invocation of the values of “tradition” and “history” a decade later during Britain’s politicised culture wars of the Thatcherite 1980s, in which Jarman became a key participant and a crucial oppositional voice.
Renaissance Things: Objects, Ethics, and Temporalities in Derek Jarman’s Caravaggio (1986) and Modern Nature (1991)
Authors: Ellis Jim
Published: October 2014

This essay revisits the question of the anachronistic props in the film Caravaggio (1986) to consider Derek Jarman’s investment in objects and the material world. Using the theories of Bruno Latour and Jane Bennett, it explores how the props, particularly the knife and the gold coins, become actants within the assemblage of the artist’s studio. The film’s interest in matter is even more elemental, however, in its attention both to the dust of the catacombs and the grinding of pigment for making paint: the matter out of which bodies and representations are formed. The film’s attention to matter can be linked to Jarman’s interest in the unorthodox Renaissance thinker Giordano Bruno, one of the key proponents of Lucretian materialist philosophy. The essay argues that this materialism forms the basis for an ethics of connectedness, one which we can see more fully developed in the environmental thinking of his memoir Modern Nature (1991). In Jarman’s account of making his garden at Dungeness, he uses early modern botanical treatises to rethink the plants as untimely matter; following Jacques Derrida and queer theorists of temporality, the essay argues that the plants open the garden up to be haunted by others. This willingness to be haunted, according to Elizabeth Freeman, constitutes an ethical stance; in Jarman’s case, the use of the outdated Renaissance botanical lore becomes a way of both resisting the sense of the present as inevitable, and of forging cross-temporal alliances.
Body Positive: The Vibrant Present of Derek Jarman’s Edward II (1991)
Authors: Huttner Lee Benjamin
Published: October 2014

This essay considers Derek Jarman’s Edward II (1991) in relation to the film’s historiopoetic project that identifies the queer body as the site through which and upon which history is written. The analysis is developed by reading several key scenes in Edward II alongside Jarman’s own writing on his AIDS-related illness and the felt immanence of his own death. Employing techniques such as anachronism and prolepsis, Jarman crafts in his film a crystalline temporality that hybridizes past, present, and future. Yoking together disparate historical moments, Edward II illuminates a historical tradition of queer oppression and repression in the Renaissance, while also pointing to the twentieth-century rhetoric of HIV and AIDS as a systemic means of oppression by rendering the queer body as already dead. Thus, the queer body is always temporally and historically tensed and inflected, and the project of historicizing the queer body is a haunted or spectral process, unable to give up its ghosts. This essay argues that Edward II , through scenes of physical violence, erotic encounter, and haptic intimacy, theorizes the queer affective relations of the body to both itself and other bodies across time, as well as the erotic organization and management of the queer body in particular historical moments. It concludes by engaging in a Deleuzian critique of Jarman’s film to identify the “vibrant present” as above all a corporeal temporality, both written and read by the body–of the artist, viewer, and historical subject.
‘Maybe your story is not different from mine’: Memory, history and progress in the Galician series Libro de familia
Authors: Pereiro Marta Pérez
Published: October 2014

Television is a privileged conduit for current events, for an unstoppable flow of live news, but it is also a suitable place to reflect on the past and to build a certain position towards history. In the last decade, there has been a revival of historical fiction in European television that has revealed a nostalgic approach to collective memory. Television series propose a review of the twentieth century’s official European history, but from the everyman perspective. The Galician public channel Televisión de Galicia (TVG) aired Libro de familia (José María Besteiro) in 2005 for the first time, and the audience quickly ensured its place in the schedule for the following seven years due to personal identification with the protagonists of the series. The success of this portrait of a rural family in Galicia during the 1960s raises some issues related to collective memory, official history and the ideology implicit in a fictional portrait of the past.
DCDC2Polymorphism Is Associated with Left Temporoparietal Gray and White Matter Structures during Development
Authors: Darki Fahimeh , Peyrard-Janvid Myriam , Matsson Hans , Kere Juha , Klingberg Torkel
Published: October 2014

Three genes,DYX1C1,DCDC2, andKIAA0319, have been previously associated with dyslexia, neuronal migration, and ciliary function. Three polymorphisms within these genes, rs3743204 (DYX1C1), rs793842 (DCDC2), and rs6935076 (KIAA0319) have also been linked to normal variability of left temporoparietal white matter volume connecting the middle temporal cortex to the angular and supramarginal gyri. Here, we assessed whether these polymorphisms are also related to the cortical thickness of the associated regions during childhood development using a longitudinal dataset of 76 randomly selected children and young adults who were scanned up to three times each, 2 years apart. rs793842 inDCDC2was significantly associated with the thickness of left angular and supramarginal gyri as well as the left lateral occipital cortex. The cortex was significantly thicker for T-allele carriers, who also had lower white matter volume and lower reading comprehension scores. There was a negative correlation between white matter volume and cortical thickness, but only white matter volume predicted reading comprehension 2 years after scanning. These results show how normal variability in reading comprehension is related to gene, white matter volume, and cortical thickness in the inferior parietal lobe. Possibly, the variability of gray and white matter structures could both be related to the role ofDCDC2in ciliary function, which affects both neuronal migration and axonal outgrowth.
Mineralocorticoid receptors in the heart: lessons from cell-selective transgenic animals
Authors: Young Morag J , Rickard Amanda J
Published: October 2014

The clinical impact of cardiovascular disease cannot be underestimated. Equally, the importance of cost-effective management of cardiac failure is a pressing issue in the face of an ageing population and the increasing incidence of metabolic disorders worldwide. Targeting the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) offers one approach for the treatment of heart failure with current strategies for novel MR therapeutics focusing on harnessing their cardio-protective benefits, but limiting the side effects of existing agents. It is now well accepted that activation of the MR in the cardiovascular system promotes tissue inflammation and fibrosis and has negative consequences for cardiac function and patient outcomes following cardiac events. Indeed, blockade of the MR using one of the two available antagonists (spironolactone and eplerenone) provides significant cardio-protective effects in the clinical and experimental setting. Although the pathways downstream of MR that translate receptor activation into tissue inflammation, fibrosis and dysfunction are still being elucidated, a series of recent studies using cell-selective MR (NR3C2)-null or MR-overexpressing mice have offered many new insights into the role of MR in cardiovascular disease and the control of blood pressure. Dissecting the cell-specific roles of MR signalling in the heart and vasculature to identify those pathways that are critical for MR-dependent responses is an important step towards achieving cardiac-selective therapeutics. The goal of this review is to discuss recent advances in this area that have emerged from the study of tissue-selective MR-null mice, and other targeted transgenic models and their relevance to clinical disease.
Dissecting Genetic Architecture Underlying Seed Traits in Multiple Environments
Authors: Qi Ting , Cao Yujie , Cao Liyong , Gao Yongming , Zhu Shuijin , Lou Xiangyang , Xu Haiming
Published: October 2014

The seeds of flowering plants develop from double fertilization and play a vital role in reproduction and supplying human and animal food. The genetic variation of seed traits is influenced by multiple genetic systems, e.g., maternal, embryo, and/or endosperm genomes. Understanding the genetic architecture of seed traits is a major challenge because of this complex mechanism of multiple genetic systems, especially the epistasis within or between different genomes and their interactions with the environment. In this study, a statistical model was proposed for mapping QTL with epistasis and QTL-by-environment (QE) interactions underlying endosperm and embryo traits. Our model integrates the maternal and the offspring genomes into one mapping framework and can accurately analyze maternal additive and dominant effects, endosperm/embryo additive and dominant effects, and epistatic effects of two loci in the same or two different genomes, as well as interaction effects of each genetic component of QTL with environment. Intensive simulations under different sampling strategies, heritabilities, and model parameters were performed to investigate the statistical properties of the model. A set of real cottonseed data was analyzed to demonstrate our methods. A software package, QTLNetwork-Seed-1.0.exe, was developed for QTL analysis of seed traits.
A educação física no âmbito do tratamento em saúde mental: um esforço coletivo e integrado
Authors: Melo Lígia Gizely dos Santos Chaves , Oliveira Kleber Roberto da Silva Gonçalves de , Vasconcelos-Raposo José
Published: October 2014

Este artigo analisa a Educação Física no processo de tratamento de doenças mentais, identificando as contribuições dessa prática profissional às terapias em saúde mental. Discute-se nesse estudo o papel da Educação Física enquanto atividade terapeutica auxiliar na diminuição da sintomatologia dessas doenças em função da aplicação de atividades físicas identificada em diversos estudos. Concluiu-se que a integração da Educação Física como ciência auxiliar à Psiquiatria tem se constituído um esforço interdisciplinar nos tratamentos de pacientes em sofrimento mental.
Gestão da informação e a importância do uso de fontes de informação para geração de conhecimento
Authors: Rodrigues Charles , Blattmann Ursula
Published: October 2014

A gestão da informação foi estudada sob a perspectiva da identificação e o uso das fontes de informação, como meio de geração de conhecimento organizacional. Objetivou analisar a gestão da informação por meio do estudo do uso das fontes de informação em um centro de pesquisa. Como metodologia, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa num estudo de caso. Como instrumento de coleta de dados foi utilizada uma entrevista estruturada e empregada a análise de conteúdo como técnica de análise de dado. Os resultados demonstraram que a fonte de informação mais utilizada é o colega de trabalho e as mais utilizadas pelos pesquisados para se atualizarem é a Internet. Os critérios de escolha e de qualidade das fontes de informação mais empregados são a facilidade de acesso, a rapidez e a confiabilidade. No uso das fontes de informação e na avaliação da cultura informacional percebeu-se haver apenas comportamentos informacionais isolados, não uma cultura. No uso das tecnologias de informação e comunicação, diversos benefícios foram apontados: rapidez e agilidade no processamento da informação; produção da informação localmente com avaliação global; cooperação nas etapas de planejamento até a execução dos projetos; e aumento da interação e troca de documentos.
Avaliação do rendimento em madeira serrada de eucalipto para dois modelos de desdobro numa serraria portátil
Authors: Juizo Claudio Gumane Francisco , Rocha Márcio Pereira da , Bila Narciso Fernando
Published: October 2014

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar dois modelos de desdobro (radial e tangencial) de madeira de Eucalyptus cloeziana e Eucalyptus saligna, numa serraria portátil, para se eleger o qual proporciona maior rendimento em madeira serrada. Para o estudo, foram selecionadas aleatoriamente 24 árvores com 27 anos de idade, sendo 12 árvores de cada espécie e divididas em duas classes diamétricas: 30-34,5 cm e 35-39,5 cm. As árvores foram derrubadas e traçadas em toras de 3,4 m de comprimento, sendo produzidas tábuas de 25 mm de espessura nominal. Os resultados obtidos demostraram que, para as duas classes diamétricas de espécies, o modelo de desdobro tangencial obteve melhor desempenho em relação ao desdobro radial, em termos de rendimento. Pode-se concluir-se que o Eucalyptus cloeziana obteve melhores rendimentos, com maior destaque para o modelo de desdobro tangecial em relação ao modelo radial. Estas espécies, nas condições estudadas, têm potencial para ser uma fonte alternativa e segura para produção de madeira serrada, substituindo algumas espécies nativas, ora sob pressão, em Moçambique.
HIV AND HCV COINFECTION: PREVALENCE, ASSOCIATED FACTORS AND GENOTYPE CHARACTERIZATION IN THE MIDWEST REGION OF BRAZIL
Authors: Freitas Solange Zacalusni , Teles Sheila Araújo , Lorenzo Paulo Cesar , Puga Marco Antonio Moreira , Tanaka Tayana Serpa Ortiz , Thomaz Danilo Yamamoto , Martins Regina Maria Bringel , Druzian Angelita Fernandes , Lindenberg Andréa Siqueira Campos , Torres Marina Sawada , Pereira Sérgio A. , Villar Livia Melo , Lampe Elisabete , Motta-Castro Ana Rita Coimbra
Published: October 2014

A cross-sectional study on prevalence, associated factors and genotype distribution of HCV infection was conducted among 848 HIV-infected patients recruited at reference centers in the Midwest Region of Brazil. The prevalence rate of HIV-HCV coinfection was 6.9% (95% CI: 5.2 to 8.6). In multivariable analysis, increasing age, use of illicit drugs (injection and non-injection), a history of blood transfusion before 1994, and the absence of a steady partnership were significant independent associated factors for HIV-HCV coinfection. The phylogenetic analysis based on the NS5B region revealed the presence of two major circulating genotypes of HCV: genotypes 1 (58.3%) and 3 (41.7%). The prevalence of HIV-HCV coinfection was lower than those reported in studies conducted with HIV-infected patients in different regions of Brazil, due to the fact that illicit drug use is not a frequent mode of HIV transmission in this region of Brazil. Serologic screening of HIV-patients for HCV before initiating antiretroviral treatment, a comprehensive identification of associated factors, and the implementation of effective harm reduction programs are highly recommended to provide useful information for treatment and to prevent HCV coinfection in these patients.
Grazing intensities and poultry litter fertilization levels on corn and black oat yield
Authors: Adami Paulo Fernando , Pelissari Adelino , Moraes Anibal de , Modolo Alcir José , Assmann Tangriani Simioni , Franchin Marcia Fernanda , Cassol Luís César
Published: October 2014

The objective of this work was to assess the effect of poultry litter fertilization levels on corn and black oat yield using different grazing intensities, poultry litter levels (mixture of manure and bedding material) and a chemical fertilization level. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a split-plot arrangement with four replicates. Black oat + ryegrass grazing intensities, characterized by different pasture sward management, with animal entrance at 25, 30 and 35-cm heights and exit at 5.0, 10 and 15-cm heights, were established at the main plots. After the grazing period, corn was grown at the subplots with four levels of poultry litter (0, 4,953, 9,907 and 14,860 kg ha-1), aiming to supply 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, and a treatment with chemical fertilizer, according to soil analysis. Grazing intensities had no effect on corn yield. Corn yield was 7,493, 8,458, 9,188, 10,247 and 11,028 kg ha-1, respectively, for the treatments without and with 4,953, 9,907 and 14,860 kg ha-1 of poultry litter, and the treatment with chemical fertilization. Poultry litter levels have a residual effect on the production of black oat grown in succession to corn.
Diversidade genética molecular de progênies de dendezeiro
Authors: Ferreira Crystianne Bentes Barbosa , Lopes Maria Teresa Gomes , Lopes Ricardo , Cunha Raimundo Nonato Vieira da , Moreira Djair Alves , Barros Willian Silva , Matiello Rodrigo Rodrigues
Published: October 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade genética, entre e dentro de progênies de dendezeiro tipo dura, de origem Deli. A caracterização genética foi feita com uso de marcadores microssatélites em 24 progênies usadas na produção comercial de sementes, sendo 22 provenientes de autofecundação e duas de cruzamentos entre irmãos completos. Foi realizada análise de variância molecular entre e dentro das progênies, com posterior construção de um dendrograma. Observou-se baixa variabilidade genética nas progênies, com média de 1,32 alelos por loco e variância genética total igual a 0,3241. A maior parte da variação ocorreu entre progênies. A menor variabilidade genética dentro das progênies pode ser explorada nos cruzamentos com progênies endogâmicas de outras origens, o que facilitaria o alcance de heterose para o desenvolvimento de novas variedades.
Discutindo a dimensão sociolinguística do projeto ALiB: uma reflexão a partir do perfil dos informantes
Authors: Isquerdo Aparecida Negri , Romano Valter Pereira
Published: October 2014

Este trabalho centra-se na discussão da dimensão pluridimensional dos estudos dialetológicos e tem como objetivos: i) discutir aspectos da dimensão sociolinguística do projeto ALiB (Atlas Linguístico do Brasil), com base no perfil estabelecido para a seleção dos informantes e ii) apresentar um panorama das características dos 200 informantes do ALiB entrevistados em 25 capitais brasileiras, discutindo tendências evidenciadas nesse universo de falantes da língua portuguesa contemporânea, especialmente em termos de nível de escolaridade, de contatos com os meios de comunicação - televisão e rádio -; de hábitos de leitura de jornal e de hábitos de diversões - cinema e teatro. Para tanto, recupera dados historiográficos relativos à disciplina Dialetologia, destacando aspectos que apontam, desde os seus primórdios, para a necessidade de se considerar, além da horizontalidade, aspectos relacionados à dimensão vertical dos estudos linguísticos, adotando-se também variáveis sociais como parâmetro para a descrição e análise da fala de grupos sociais fixados em zonas geográficas previamente delimitadas.
Concordância nominal e verbal: contribuições para o debate sobre o estatuto da variação em três variedades urbanas do português
Authors: Brandão Silvia Figueiredo , Vieira Silvia Rodrigues
Published: October 2014

Focalizam-se a concordância nominal de número e a concordância verbal de terceira pessoa do plural em variedades urbanas do Português Europeu, do Português do Brasil e do Português de São Tomé, com base na fala de indivíduos de níveis fundamental, médio e superior de instrução, distribuídos, ainda, por três faixas etárias e sexo. Com o objetivo de descrever as referidas variedades, o trabalho avalia as motivações de natureza estrutural e social segundo os pressupostos da Teoria da Variação e Mudança (WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 1968). Os resultados das diferentes análises, desenvolvidas no âmbito do Projeto Estudo comparado dos padrões de concordância em variedades africanas, brasileiras e europeias do Português, sugerem que, embora as três variedades manifestem tendência à adoção da regra de concordância tanto no Sintagma Nominal quanto no Sintagma Verbal, a concordância apresenta estatuto diferenciado. No Português Europeu, os dados revelam um comportamento que não pode ser considerado efetivamente variável - trata-se, nos termos de Labov (2003), de uma regra categórica no âmbito da concordância nominal e semicategórica no âmbito da verbal; no Português do Brasil e no Português de São Tomé, ambas as regras são variáveis.
Geogrid Reinforced Clay Slopes in a Test Embankment
Authors: Liu Y. , Scott J.D. , Sego D.C.
Published: October 2014

A 12 m high geogrid reinforced cohesive soil test embankment with 45 degree side slopes has been built near Devon, Alberta, Canada. The embankment has four test sections: three are reinforced with different geogrids, and one section is unreinforced. The test sections were instrumented with strain gauges and inductance coils on the geogrids) and extensometers, inclinometers and piezometers in the soil. The design, construction and instrumentation of the test embankment is described. Field measurements, taken from the slopes over a seven year period during and after construction, are presented and discussed. The development and the distribution of geogrid strains, soil deformations and pore pressures are presented to show the performance of the reinforced cohesive soil slopes.
Reinforced Soil Structures with Poorly Draining Backfills. Part I: Reinforcement Interactions and Functions
Authors: Zornberg J.G. , Mitchell J.K.
Published: October 2014

In this and a companion paper (Mitchell and Zornberg 1994), the use and performance of reinforced soil structures constructed with poorly draining and/or cohesive backfills is evaluated. This evaluation shows that proper design and construction can result in stable, durable, and economical earth structures. Permeable reinforcements may be especially useful for soil structures with poorly draining backfills because the drainage capabilities of the geosynthetic can dissipate excess pore water pressures, thus enhancing stability. Consequently, the design of a safe and economical structure should address two aspects specific to poorly draining backfills: the cohesive soil-reinforcement interaction and the reinforcement drainage characteristics. The present paper focuses on experimental and analytical studies undertaken to evaluate these issues. Tensile strength, durability, and creep response of geosynthetics embedded in marginal soils are also addressed. There is strong experimental evidence that permeable inclusions can effectively reinforce clay structures.
Evaluation of PVC Geomembrane Shrinkage Due to Plasticizer Loss
Authors: Giroud J.P.
Published: October 2014

When plasticizer migrates out of a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) geomembrane, the geomembrane shrinks. This paper presents equations that give the changes in volume and dimensions of the geomembrane as a function of the plasticizer content before and after shrinkage. A second series of equations is presented, which gives the changes in volume and dimensions of the geomembrane as a function of the plasticizer loss ratio. These equations depend on the densities of constituents of the geomembrane. However, approximate equations that do not depend on those densities are presented.
Field Evaluation of Protective Covers for Landfill Geomembrane Liners Under Contruction Loading
Authors: Reddy K.R. , Bandi S.R. , Rohr J.J. , Finy M. , Siebken J.
Published: October 2014

The performance of landfill geomembrane liner protective cover systems with and without a geotextile is evaluated using field tests. The physical properties of the protective cover soils and the geomembrane liner before and after field testing were determined using laboratory tests. The hydraulic properties of the geomembrane field samples were measured using water vapor transmission (WVT) tests, and the mechanical properties were measured using multi-axial tension tests and wide strip tensile tests. A low mass per unit area geotextile was demonstrated to completely protect the geomembrane in this study.
Laboratory Seismic Tests of Geotextile Wrap-Faced and Geotextile-Reinforced Segmental Retaining Walls
Authors: Ramakrishnan S. , Budhu M. , Britto A.
Published: October 2014

This paper presents shaking table test results of model geotextile wrap-faced and geotextile-reinforced segmental retaining walls that are 0.95 m wide × 2.05 m long × 0.81 m high. The model walls were subjected to horizontal base accelerations and were monitored. The model walls sustained appreciable accelerations before lateral movement occurred first at the top layer. The wrap-faced walls moved laterally after horizontal accelerations of 0.25g, while the segmental walls moved laterally after an acceleration of 0.45g. Based on the observations made during the current tests and those of other researchers, an analytical method is developed to compute the critical acceleration (i.e. the acceleration before lateral wall movement is initiated).
Unconfined Versus Confined Testing of Geosynthetics
Authors: Sawicki A. , Świdziński W.
Published: October 2014

A theoretical explanation of the confined in-soil behaviour of geosynthetics is presented and compared to standard unconfined load-extension and creep test results. First, it is shown that confined, load-instantaneous geosynthetic extension problems can be successfully described by a pull-out model of a single geosynthetic reinforcement strip in soil. The confined in-soil stiffness of a geosynthetic is derived analytically as a function of the unconfined stiffness and the stiffness of the soil-geosynthetic strip interface. Second, the problem of confined in-soil creep is analysed on the basis of a similar model that takes into account the rheological properties of geosynthetics. Generally, it is shown that the confined in-soil behaviour of geosynthetics can be predicted on the basis of the unconfined properties of geosynthetics and the soil-geosynthetic strip interface stiffness. Practical examples show good agreement between the proposed models and the experimental data.
The Paper Bag Theory of Basket Change on the Northwest Coast
Authors: Bernick Kathryn
Published: October 2014

Archaeological baskets from the Coast Salish area of the Northwest Coast display techno-stylistic variation during the past 4,000 years. Specimens dating to Marpole times (ca. 400 B.C. to A.D. 400) have highly standardized sophisticated ornamentation. Characteristics of the ornamentation parallel those of other types of Marpole material culture, which has encouraged attempts at cognitive interpretations. Shifting perspective to consider the decorative aspect a by-product of construction paves the way for an evolutionary model of culture change. Selection for strong, reliable baskets would account for the development of Marpole basket types. The subsequent shift to plain, simply constructed baskets may represent selection for quick-to-make but less durable containers analogous to paper bags today. Similar theoretical frameworks may be applicable to other culture areas where environmental, cultural, or demographic circumstances do not explain the observed diversity.
Neonatal herpes in Serbia: Is it a problem or not?
Authors: Knezevic Aleksandra , Martic Jelena , Stanojevic Maja , Jankovic B. , Jovanovic Tanja
Published: October 2014

With 20-80% mortality, neonatal infection caused by herpes simplex virus
(HSV) or neonatal herpes is among the most severe of all perinatal
infections. The majority of neonatal HSV infections are acquired during
delivery, although in utero and postnatal infections do occur. Primary
maternal infection is associated with a high rate of transmission (~50%),
compared to <3% in infants of women with reactivated disease. Other factors
that influence transmission include HSV type, premature delivery, etc.
Clinical manifestations have been classified into three forms: skin-eye-mouth
disease, CNS and disseminated disease. The diagnosis of neonatal HSV
infection includes the detection of HSV DNA by PCR in samples from neonate
and mother. The incidence of neonatal herpes differs widely between different
countries. In Serbia, the data about neonatal herpes incidence are scarce.
The results of our pilot study showed that the minimal estimation of the
national incidence of neonatal herpes is 7.5 per 100 000. Therefore, the set
up and implementation of a national neonatal herpes surveillance system might
provide valuable information for the accurate assessment of disease burden
and development of an effective prevention strategy in Serbia.
Species of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and nontuberculous mycobacteria in respiratory specimens from Serbia
Authors: Zivanovic Irena , Vukovic Dragana , Dakic Ivana , Savic Branislava
Published: October 2014

This study aimed to provide the first comprehensive report into the local
pattern of mycobacterial isolation. We used the GenoType MTBC and CM/AS
assays (Hain Lifescience) to perform speciation of 1 096 mycobacterial
cultures isolated from respiratory specimens, one culture per patient, in
Serbia over a 12-month period. The only species of the Mycobacterium
tuberculosis complex (MTBC) identified in our study was M. tuberculosis, with
an isolation rate of 88.8%. Ten different species of nontuberculous
mycobacteria (NTM) were recognized, and the five most frequently isolated
species were, in descending order, M. xenopi, M. peregrinum, M. gordonae, M.
avium and M. chelonae. In total, NTM isolates accounted for 11.2% of all
isolates of mycobacteria identified in pulmonary specimens. Our results
suggest that routine differentiation among members of the MTBC is not
necessary, while routine speciation of NTM is required.
Many a slip......
Authors: Dixit Hemang
Published: October 2014

Not available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v3i2.11225Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 3, No. 2, Issue 8, Apr.-Jun., 2014 Page 47-48
Visual status in primary open-angle glaucoma: A hospital-based report from Nepal
Authors: Vaidya Suraj Shakya , Aryal Umesh Raj , Grjibovski Andrej M , Krettek Alexandra
Published: October 2014

Background: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the commonest cause of irreversible blindness. Most hospitals in Nepal are carrying out opportunistic glaucoma screening for those attending hospitals for any eye consultation. However, there are no reports detailing the visual damage at the time of diagnosis confirming the early detection of cases.Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the clinical features and visual status at the time of diagnosis of POAG in the Nepalese population.Methods: We evaluated 173 newly diagnosed consecutive cases of POAG from three hospitals across Nepal. Glaucoma evaluation was carried out detailing the findings of visual acuity and visual fields. Continuous data were presented as means and standard deviations (SD) and categorical data as proportions (95% CI). Unpaired t-tests compared continuous variables with p value set at a 5% level of significance.Results: Out of total patients, 82.1% were diagnosed incidentally while they visited the hospital for symptoms not expected to be for glaucoma. Only 9.8% of cases were aware of them being at risk of developing glaucoma and thus attended hospitals for regular check-up. Visual field examination revealed mean scores of mean deviation (MD) as low as-13.24 dB and pattern standard deviation of 7.34 dB. Glaucoma hemifield test was outside normal limits in 61.5% of eyes tested. Additionally, 4.7% patients were blind.Conclusion: POAG cases presented late with significant visual damage. Existing opportunistic screening for glaucoma in Nepal needs to be combined with community-based glaucoma awareness programs to bring more people to hospital at the early stage of the disease.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v3i2.11226Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 3, No. 2, Issue 8, Apr.-Jun., 2014Page : 49-57