bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prawda a tolerancja w nauczaniu Josepha Ratzingera/Benedykta XVI
Authors: Szulist Janusz
Published: June 2023

Artykuł prezentuje znaczenie prawdy dla kształtowania tolerancyjnych, a przez to pokojowych odniesień. Nawiązując do nauczania Josepha Ratzingera/Benedykta XVI, należy mówić o prawdzie integralnej oraz o tolerancji, będącej punktem wyjścia do dialogu, gdzie pośród wielu prawd zgłębiana jest również prawda objawiona. Człowiek jest zdolny do poznania, ale także do wolnego działania, które winny cechować się pewnością i autentyzmem. W opinii Josepha Ratzingera/Benedykta XVI istnieje współcześnie zagrożenie bezkarnego upowszechniania kłamstw oraz błędnej interpretacji rzeczywistości, związanej z przypisywaniem niewłaściwego znaczenia elementom środowiska życia człowieka, takim jak religia. Niemiecki Kardynał oponuje wobec tego typu poglądów, wskazując na pokojowy potencjał prawdy. Prawda prowadzi do wolności – również w porządku nadprzyrodzonym – czego początki są przekazywane w ramach wychowania w rodzinie. Dążenie do prawdy jest w istocie dążeniem do pokoju. Bazę źródłową artykułu stanowią pisma i nauczanie Josepha Ratzingera/Benedykta XVI.
Życie konsekrowane w świetle tajemnicy krzyża według Benedykta XVI
Authors: Pagacz Małgorzata
Published: June 2023

Artykuł przedstawia zagadnienie życia konsekrowanego w świetle tajemnicy krzyża według Benedykta XVI. Życie osób całkowicie oddanych Bogu jest odpowiedzią na Miłość objawioną na krzyżu, świadectwem nadziei płynącej z krzyża Chrystusa oraz życiem ofiary. Zgodnie z nauczaniem papieża krzyż Chrystusa przynagla konsekrowanych do czynnej miłości wobec bliźnich. Osoba konsekrowana, powołana do głębszego poznawania Chrystusa, towarzyszenia Mu bardziej z bliska i naśladowania Go, realizuje to wezwanie na drodze rad ewangelicznych i w szczególny sposób przyjmuje tajemnicę krzyża jako swoją własną.
Wire syndrome: a complication in orthodontic retention
Authors: Hasan Aliya , Wadia Reena , Raindi Devan S
Published: June 2023

‘Wire syndrome’ is a phenomenon that involves fixed orthodontic retainers causing unwanted tooth movement. In severe cases, the retainer may have debonded from the teeth. This article addresses the prevalence, presentation and management of wire syndrome.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article is relevant for general dental practitioners, periodontists and orthodontists to recognize the signs of wire syndrome and understand its multidisciplinary management.
Educación, esferas de participación y ciudadanía
Authors: Martínez Miquel , Esteban Tortajada Marta Beatriz , Oraison Mercedes
Published: June 2023

INTRODUCCIÓN. Vivimos en un mundo políticamente complejo y contradictorio. Por un lado, la democracia y sus instituciones están siendo puestas en cuestión por no haber podido revertir situaciones de profunda desigualdad, injusticia, corrupción y segregación. Pero, por otro, estamos presenciando la emergencia de múltiples formas y expresiones de participación que dan cuenta de que, en amplios sectores de la sociedad, el interés por lo político sigue estando intacto, aunque reconvertido y resignificado. Al mismo tiempo que los partidos políticos se erosionan y las grandes instituciones de representación se debilitan, se multiplican y se diversifican los ámbitos, los protagonistas y los repertorios de expresión política. Estas transformaciones en los espacios, los actores y las prácticas de la participación inauguran nuevas formas, relaciones y sentidos de la ciudadanía. MÉTODO. Se presentan diferentes líneas de análisis relacionadas con los cuestionamientos a la democracia, así como los argumentos que sostienen que la defensa del ideal clásico de la plena participación ciudadana en todas las instancias de deliberación y decisión política han cobrado peso ante la percepción generalizada de que la actual democracia liberal ya no es suficiente para hacer esto posible. RESULTADOS. En este marco se identifican las llamadas “ciudadanías alternativas” como impulsoras de la construcción de una nueva cultura política, nuevas dinámicas institucionales y nuevos procesos de apropiación de lo público que obligan desde la pedagogía a plantear la necesidad nuevos aprendizajes actualizando y renovando el fuerte vínculo existente entre participación y ciudadanía. DISCUSIÓN. Se apuesta por un tránsito hacia una democracia y participación radical, y se presentan los diferentes artículos del monográfico que procuran avanzar en esta línea.
Facilitadores, barreras y propuestas para la participación infantil en el ámbito municipal en España
Authors: Novella-Cámara Ana Maria , Romero-Pérez Clara , Barba-Núñez María , Quirós-Guindal Alba
Published: June 2023

INTRODUCCIÓN. La Estrategia para los Derechos del Niño (2022-2027) ha señalado la importancia de fortalecer las relaciones de colaboración entre las autoridades políticas y la población infantil para defender los derechos de los niños y su inclusión en la toma de decisiones locales, estatales y europeas. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar los elementos facilitadores, barreras y propuestas de las prácticas participativas con la infancia en la red de municipios que forman parte de la Asociación Internacional de Ciudades Educadoras (AICE) y de Ciudades Amigas de la Infancia (CAI). Identificar estos elementos posibilitará proponer acciones estratégicas que redunden en la participación infantil en la vida política y democrática. MÉTODO. Este estudio que se presenta forma parte de un proyecto nacional sustentado en un diseño de métodos mixtos. Los datos se recogieron mediante dos encuestas autoadministradas en línea diseñadas ad hoc. La muestra la conformaron 136 niñas, niños y adolescentes, 191 figuras técnicas municipales y 88 cargos electos. Se aplicó un análisis de contenido mediante el Atlas-ti para el análisis de los datos. RESULTADOS. La muestra encuestada coincide en destacar la necesidad de un mayor compromiso político a favor de la participación infantil, así como extender los espacios donde los menores de dieciocho años puedan tomar decisiones y llevar a cabo acciones que transformen su entorno. DISCUSIÓN. Los resultados obtenidos apoyan la importancia de valorar la participación infantil, así como la necesidad de impulsar acciones colaborativas entre niños, niñas y adolescentes y los responsables políticos a fin de incidir en la política municipal. Se evidencia la necesidad de que la participación de la infancia en la esfera pública sea visibilizada como imprescindible, se concrete en espacios de acción colaborativa con los cargos electos e incida de forma real en la política municipal, como recomienda el Consejo de Europa.
Safety profile and outcomes of intraoperative ultrasound-guided remnant cholecystectomy
Authors: Ibrahim R , Abdalkoddus M , Mownah OA , Chanthu A , Yao L , Aroori S
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Subtotal cholecystectomy (STC) is a safe approach in difficult cholecystectomies to prevent bile duct and vascular injury. However, the gallbladder remnant can become symptomatic, necessitating further surgical intervention. This study evaluates the safety profile and perioperative outcomes of remnant cholecystectomy (RC) performed under intraoperative ultrasound guidance.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients that underwent RC under intraoperative ultrasound guidance in 2009 and 2019. Pre-, intra- and postoperative details of patients who underwent RC were obtained from patients’ electronic and paper copy records.

Results

Ninety-seven patients underwent STC during the study period. Of this cohort, 16 patients (16.5%) presented with symptomatic gallbladder remnant over a median follow-up period of 14 months (interquartile range [IQR] 2–26). The median age was 64 years (IQR 54–69) with an equal male-to-female distribution. The median body mass index was 31kg/m2 (IQR 28–33). Twelve of 16 patients (75%) then proceeded to elective RC. Intraoperative ultrasound was used in all cases to identify the location of the remnant gallbladder and biliary anatomy. The median operative time was 88min (IQR 80–96), with 67% completed laparoscopically. No patients suffered bile duct injury. The median hospital stay was 3 days (IQR 1–5). During the follow-up period, eight patients (67%) reported symptom resolution.

Conclusions

RC is a safe operation that can be performed laparoscopically even after previous open subtotal cholecystectomy. We recommend the routine use of intraoperative ultrasound as an adjunct for identifying remnant gallbladder and biliary anatomy in all patients.
Predictors of long-term survival in 5,680 patients admitted to a UK major trauma centre with thoracic injuries
Authors: Ariyaratnam P , Lee A , Milton R , Troxler M , Barlow IF , Ferrier G , Scott DJA
Published: June 2023

Introduction

The long-term outcomes of chest trauma are largely unknown. We sought to determine the predictors of in-hospital and long-term survival in patients admitted to a major trauma centre (MTC) with chest injuries and to evaluate spatial patterns of injury in our network area.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of data collected on the National Trauma Audit Research Network (TARN) database using multivariate analysis and Cox regression analysis. Spatial analysis was performed using ArcGis 10.7.1.

Results

Some 5,680 patients were admitted with chest trauma between December 1999 and December 2019. Median patient age was 45 years and the median Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 20. The proportion of patients who had an operation was 39.8%. Age, blood transfusion, head injury, shock, emergency thoracotomy and heart disease were predictors of hospital mortality (p < 0.05). However, having an operation on concomitant injuries was protective. ISS and Glasgow Coma Score were discriminators of in-hospital mortality (C-indices 0.76 and 0.80, respectively). The 10-year survival values for patients who survived to discharge from hospital and who were aged <40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and >80 years were 99%, 93%, 95%, 87%, 75% and 43%, respectively. Preadmission lung disease and alcohol/drug misuse were poor predictors of long-term survival (p < 0.05). Hotspot analysis revealed the areas with the highest incidents were all close to the MTC.

Conclusions

The MTC is geographically central to areas with high numbers of trauma incidents. Although emergency thoracotomy was a predictor of poor in-hospital outcomes, having surgery for concomitant injuries improved outcomes. Patients surviving to discharge have good long-term survivals.
Antibiotic prescription practices among dentists treating children in the UK
Authors: Nazar Shaima , Dave Manas , Barry Siobhan
Published: June 2023

Introduction

There are limited paediatric specific data on antibiotic prescribing practices, which have been cited as one of the causes of general overuse and misuse of antibiotics in young patients. The aim of this study was to investigate prescribing practices among dentists with an interest in paediatric dentistry in the UK.

Methods

A prospective cross-sectional survey was distributed electronically to members of the British Society of Paediatric Dentistry between February and May 2021. The questions and scenarios were based on antibiotic prescribing guidelines in the UK.

Results

Two hundred and six dentists completed the survey (45% response rate). Most participants (93%) conformed to guidelines and prescribed amoxicillin as a first-line antibiotic for an odontogenic infection. For patients with a penicillin allergy, 16% of dentists reported clindamycin as their first-choice antibiotic. Seventeen per cent of those surveyed stated that they would prescribe antibiotics for local swelling without any additional factors indicating a persistent or spreading bacterial infection. Further insights into prescribing practices for prophylaxis, paediatric doses and non-clinical factors are described.

Conclusions

Antibiotics are part of the armamentarium that dentists can use to treat patients. The results of this survey highlight some positive trends as well as some variation in prescribing practice that requires correction and discussion for future research.
Ortaçağ Tarih Yazıcılığı Üzerinde Fransız Haçlı Kaynaklarının Tesiri
Authors: GÜNGÖR Zeynep , MACİT Mahir Serkan
Published: June 2023

İnsanlık tarihinin önemli kırılma noktalarından biri olan Haçlı Seferleri, Fransa’da başlamıştır. Konsilin Fransa’da toplanması tesadüf değildir. Clermont, seferin hedefinin, sembolünün, doktrinsel anlamda teorisinin ilan edildiği yerdir. Fransızların bu anlamda başat rolü oynadığını söylemek mümkündür. Seferler esnasında Papa’nın görevlendirdiği ruhbanlar ister görgü tanığı olarak ister sonradan kaleme almış olsunlar seferin hikayesini yazma işini de üzerlerine almışlardır. Fransız kronikleri, bu noktada anlattıkları uhrevi hikayeler, gösterdikleri mucize ve vizyonlar sayesinde seferin gidişatına yön vermişlerdir. Sefer hakkında ilk çalışmaları Saint Maur cemaati yapmıştır. Bilimsel anlamdaki ilk çalışmalar ise Kroniklerin bir araya toplanıp tıpkı-basımlarının ve çevirilerinin yapılması yöntemiyle gerçekleşmiştir. “Récueil des Historiens des Croisade” isimli Fransız külliyatı (1841-1881) yayınlandığında seferlere akademik ilginin uyanmasını sağlamıştır. Bu külliyatta tüm kronikler, indeksleri ve çevirileriyle birlikte mevcuttur. Bu kroniklerin ülkemizdeki kullanımının Haçlı tarihçiliği açısından yeterli düzeyde olmadığı söylenilebilir. Kaynakların büyük çoğunluğunun çevirisi yapılmamıştır. Bu konudaki eksiklikleri ortaya koymak, araştırmacılara yeni sahalar açabilmek bir zaruriyettir. Çalışmamızda Fransız kronik yazarlarının eserlerine ve biyografilerine alt başlıklar halinde yer verilmiştir. Recueil, Fransız Kroniklerinin tespiti için taranmıştır. Bu eserlerin Türkçeye çevirilerinin yapılıp yapılmadığı ve kronikler üzerine yapılmış araştırmalar kaynak taraması anlamında tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı ülkemizde Ortaçağ tarih yazıcılığı açısından Fransız Haçlı kaynaklarının ne denli tesir edebileceği yönünde değerlendirme yapmaktır.
Athos Dağı Dünya Miras Alanı Yönetim Boyutları ve Bütüncül Yönetim Planı Hazırlama Çalışmaları
Authors: ÖZBEY Veysel
Published: June 2023

Aynoroz Yarımadası, dünyada kadın ve çocukların girişine yasaklanan en geniş alandır. Günümüzde, Yunanistan Cumhuriyeti’nde dinsel özerk statüde bulunan yarımadada bin yıldır yaşayan Ortodoks din adamlarının oluşturduğu kültürel miras birikimi, farklı dönem ve tarzların, birbirine ve doğal çevreye uyum gösterdiği özgün bir mimarînin yanında kadın ve çocuklardan ayrışmış somut olmayan kültürel miras rezervini de içermektedir. Üstün evrensel değer taşıdığı kabul gören bu zengin miras birikimi, 1988 yılında UNESCO Dünya Miras Listesi’ne tanımlanmıştır. Bu tarihten itibaren yarımadada bulunan mirasların korunmasında yönetim ve denetim mekanizmaları, her biri iç işlerinde bağımsız olan manastırlar düzeyinde yerel, özerk keşişsel statüde bölgesel, Yunanistan Cumhuriyeti içerisinde ulusal ve bir dünya miras alanı olarak uluslararası boyutta olmak üzere girift bir yapıda gelişmiştir. Çalışmada, bu eşsiz yönetim ve denetim mekanizmasının yapısı incelenmiş ve miras korumada yönetim boyutlarının birbirleri ile olan bağlantısı ortaya konulmuştur. Koruma ve yönetim kurumlarının Athos Dağı dünya miras alanına ilişkin bütüncül bir yönetim planı hazırlanması konusundaki çabaları aktarılmış ve alandaki miras koruma boyutlarında yetki paylaşımı ve sorumlu makamlar arası koordinasyon güçlüğü tartışılarak mirasa dair neden bütüncül bir yönetim planı oluşturulamadığının sebepleri ortaya konulmuştur.
LSTM Nonlinear Dynamics Predictor for Accelerating Data Generation in Ultrafast Optics and Laser System Design
Authors: Hirschman Jack , Wang Minyang , Carbajo Sergio
Published: June 2023

Ultrafast optics and high power laser systems are the backbone of nearly every major industry from semiconductor manufacturing and telecommunications to advanced medical procedures and next-generation energy and defense solutions. With the increasing integration of machine learning (ML) into laser system design, there is a growing demand for efficient data generation. We present a novel start-to-end (S2E) framework aimed at complex laser systems, not only achieving this large data generation but also enabling reverse engineering, ground-up design, and inverse design. The S2E framework is modular and can be tailored to the specific application under test. The simulation output can then be used in a wide variety of ML tasks from predicting pulse propagation behavior and laser system controls optimization to diagnostic characteristics extraction. However, the models, by necessity, involve solving complex cascaded nonlinear systems of equations, a significant time bottleneck in generating large quantities of data. To demonstrate a broad impact application of ML enhancing ultrafast optics simulations, we aim our studies on using long short-term memory (LSTM) networks to replace solving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation for a complex nonlinear process. We demonstrate how these models can provide significant speed-up for large data generation and can ultimately further enable an S2E framework to be applied broadly across applications in the ultrafast optics field.
Constructing of predictive model for the surgical effect of patients with cleft lip and palate
Authors: Liu Na , Yang Jingyuan , Tan Fang , Zhu Haijian
Published: June 2023

Objective

To explore effective factors of surgical effect for patients with cleft lip and palate, and to construct the predictive model of surgical effect, which provide reference for improving the effect of cleft lip and palate surgery.

Methods

This study has been ethically reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Guiyang Stomatological Hospital before the study began.A total of 997 cases of cleft lip and palate surgical treatment in Guiyang Stomatological Hospital from 2015 to 2020 were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing the surgical outcome, and a score system was established by assigning values to the influencing factors using the nomogram. Data of 110 patients were verified, and decision curve analysis was used to evaluate the predicted results.

Results

Logistic regression analysis showed that the number of surgeries, surgical methods, breast milk, prenatal examination, nutrition during pregnancy and labor intensity during pregnancy were independent risk factors for poor surgical results (all P<0.05). The predictive model was built by including the number of surgeries, surgical methods, breast milk, prenatal examination, nutrition and labor intensity during pregnancy into the predictive scoring system. The critical value was 273, the area under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.733(95%CI:0.704~0.76), the sensitivity was 89.57%, and the specificity was 48.14%.When the external validation data of 110 patients were brought into the score, the AUC of poor diagnostic value reached 74.5%, P<0.05, which was close to the modeling accuracy of 73.3%.

Conclusion

This study constructed a predictive model of surgical effect for patients with cleft lip and palate, which can be used for the clinical prediction of cleft lip and palate patients in Guizhou Province.
Roboethics of tourism and hospitality industry: A systematic review
Authors: Zhu Jinsheng Jason , Liu Zhiyong , Huang Tairan , Guo Xue Shirley
Published: June 2023

This study aims to give a comprehensive analysis of customers’ acceptance and use of AI gadgets and its relevant ethical issues in the tourism and hospitality business in the era of the Internet of Things. Adopting a PRISMA methodology for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, the present research reviews how tourism and hospitality scholars have conducted research on AI technology in the field of tourism and the hospitality industry. Most of the journal articles related to AI issues published in Web of Science, ScienceDirect.com and the journal websites were considered in this review. The results of this research offer a better understanding of AI implementation with roboethics to investigate AI-related issues in the tourism and hospitality industry. In addition, it provides decision-makers in the hotel industry with practical references on service innovation, participation in the design of AI devices and AI device applications, meeting customer needs, and optimising customer experience. The theoretical implications and practical interpretations are further identified.
Retinal capillary and choriocapillaris assessment using a beam modifier optical coherence tomography angiography module to increase lateral optical resolution
Authors: Bonnin Sophie , Kubach Sophie , Négrier Pierre , Lewis Warren , de Sisternes Luis , Couturier Aude , Erginay Ali , Nassisi Marco , Magazzeni Stephanie , Lavia Carlo , Tadayoni Ramin
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To assess a new optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) technology and its contribution to retinal vascularization and choriocapillaris (CC) exploration.

Methods

A new module, named “Beam expander” (BE), which increases the lateral resolution of OCTA, was used in combination with a prototype software in the PLEX® Elite 9000 Swept-Source OCT instrument (ZEISS, Dublin, CA). This prospective study involved 22 healthy subjects imaged with and without BE. Qualitative analysis of superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary complex (DCC) retinal and CC angiograms were performed. Perfusion density (PD), vessel density (VD), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) measurements were also compared.

Results

Qualitative analysis of single SCP and DCC retinal angiograms acquired with BE showed significantly better vessel sharpness (respectively, p = 0.0002, and p<0.0001), and greater peripheral image quality (p = 0.028 and p = 0.007) compared to standard OCTA images. Mean VD of whole retina single scans was significantly higher for BE angiograms compared to classic angiograms (28.16 ±1.29 mm-1 and 23.36 ±0.92 mm-1, respectively, p<0.0001). Repeatability of VD, PD and FAZ raw size were found to be similar between the two methods (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.671, 0.604 and 0.994 with BE versus 0.764, 0.638 and 0.990 without BE). CC image quality was found to be significantly superior with BE, and flow deficits were more visible in all BE scans compared to standard scans.

Conclusions

An increase in lateral resolution of the OCT beam resulted in higher quality of retinal and choriocapillaris OCTA images in healthy subjects. These results provide significant insights into the future OCTA imaging enhancements.
Advancing the study of levels of best practice pre-service teacher education students from Spain: Associations with both positive and negative achievement-related experiences
Authors: Granero-Gallegos Antonio , Phan Huy P. , Ngu Bing H.
Published: June 2023

The study of optimal best practice, coinciding with a person’s ‘motivational mindset’, is an interesting research inquiry for development. Optimal best practice, in brief, relates to the maximization of a person’s state of functioning (e.g., cognitive functioning). Moreover, the nature of optimal best practice is positive and motivational, helping individuals to flourish in different courses of action (e.g., academic performance at school). Several research undertakings, non-experimental in design, have provided clear and consistent evidence to substantiate the existing viewpoints and perspectives of optimal best practice. Our proposed investigation, which involved physical education pre-service teacher students from Spain (N = 681), explored one notable focus of inquiry–namely, the formation of optimal best practice and its predictive and explanatory account on future adaptive outcomes. As such, using Likert-scale measures and path analysis techniques, we were able to identify two associative patterns: achievement of optimal best practice is positively accounted for by academic self-concept, optimism, and current best practice and, in contrast, negatively accounted for by pessimism; and that optimal best practice could act as a determinant of academic engagement for effective learning. Such associations are significant, providing relevant information for different teaching and research purposes.
Multifactorial assessment of leukocyte reduced platelet rich plasma injection in dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy: A retrospective study
Authors: Aryazand Yazdan , Buote Nicole J. , Hsieh YuHung , Hayashi Kei , Rosselli Desiree
Published: June 2023

This study assessed the effects of concurrent intra-articular injection and Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO) plate surface treatment with leukoreduced platelet rich plasma (lPRP) on outcomes of dogs undergoing TPLO. A retrospective study of medical records for cases presenting from January 2018 to December 2020 was performed. Client-owned dogs with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament rupture that underwent TPLO surgery were divided into two groups. The lPRP group included cases that underwent intra-articular injection and plate surface treatment at the time of their TPLO. The control group (C) underwent TPLO without PRP treatment. Data analyzed included: presence of surgical site infection, implant removal rate, degree of change in OA progression score, lameness score progression and radiographic bone healing. The short- and long-term complication rate, hospitalization and antibiotic therapy were also compared between the groups. Descriptive statistics, comparison analyses (Chi square test, t-test, Fisher’s exact test) and multi-level logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. A total of 110 cases met the study inclusion criteria: 54 = lPRP, 56 = C. There were no significant differences between groups with regard to gender, age, presence of meniscal tear, weight, or body condition score. Significant findings included: improved radiographic healing of the osteotomy in the lPRP group, improved global OA scores in the lPRP group, and improved lameness score at recheck examination in the lPRP group. There was no significant difference between the lPRP and C group with regard to surgical site infection and implant removal rate. Concurrent intra-articular injection and plate surface treatment with leukocyte reduced PRP at the time of TPLO, is beneficial in slowing the progression of OA, hastening the radiographic evidence of osteotomy healing, and improved lameness score on recheck examination. Leukocyte reduced PRP was not a significant factor in reducing SSI or implant removal rate.
Multi-pathway assessment of fecal contamination in urban areas of Abidjan: The case of Abobo municipality
Authors: Coulibaly Phaniwa Zié Zoumana , Dongo Kouassi , Christoph Lüthi
Published: June 2023

The presence of septic tank effluents in open spaces and roads due to poor fecal sludge management (FSM) in low-income cities represents a source of fecal contamination and potential risk of fecal-oral disease transmission. This study aimed at assessing fecal contamination exposure through six exposure pathways in Abobo, District of Abidjan in Côte d’Ivoire. The public health risk was evaluated in two clusters to identify the dominant exposure pathways and to compare which populations were most exposed. The SaniPath approach used included behavioral surveys (transect walk, household survey, school survey and community survey) and laboratory analysis. Surveys were conducted among 200 households, 6 schools and 4 community groups. In addition, 120 environmental samples were collected (in 2 clusters of 6 pathways with 10 samples per pathway per cluster). The colony forming unit (CFU) of E. coli was determined in samples using the surface plating technique on agar medium. Bayesian analyses were performed to estimate the distributions of fecal concentration and contact frequency, and exposure to fecal contamination was estimated using the Monte Carlo method with 1000 iterations. The highest concentrations of E. coli were observed in open drains (6.1 log CFU/ml), gullies (6 log CFU/ml) and soil (5.8 log CFU/ml) samples. The dominant exposure pathways were determined by multiplying the dose and the percentage of the population exposed, which was then log-transformed and denoted by (E). The study found that street food and gullies are the two dominant exposure pathways among the population living in Abobo. 100% of the children and between 73% and 91% of the adults are exposed to these dominant pathways in low and poor areas. In middle and high-income areas this concerns 75% to 95% of children and between 26% and 70% of adults. As well, the risk of exposure to the dominant pathways hits 9.2 in children and 8.6 for adults living in poor areas. While it reaches 8.1 and 7.1 respectively in children and adults living in middle and high-income areas. The study outcomes could help the authorities to structure how to target municipal wide interventions toward improving the sanitation conditions in the different neighborhoods.
Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy of Scalp Block with 0.25% Injection Bupivacaine and 0.25% Injection Levobupivacaine to Blunt the Hemodynamic Response to Skull Pin Insertion during Supratentorial Craniotomies - A Prospective Study
Authors: Veena Arvind Ganeriwal  , Anjali Gupta  , Shrinidhi Kulkarni  , Juilee Ajit Salvi
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Head fixation is necessary to maintain the desired head position. Application of skull pins in neurosurgery leads to hemodynamic changes and this sudden change can be prevented by combining general anaesthesia with scalp block which blocks supraorbital nerve, supratrochlear nerve, zygomaticotemporal nerve, auriculotemporal nerve, lesser occipital nerve and greater occipital nerve which are present in superficial and deep layers of the scalp. Several studies have been done to study the efficacy of  Injection levobupivacaine and injection bupivacaine in 0.5 % concentrations for scalp block. However, the comparative efficacy of 0.25% injection levobupivacaine and injection bupivacaine for scalp block has not been determined by any study previously. We wanted to compare the eﬀicacy of 0.25% injection levobupivacaine and 0.25% injection bupivacaine in scalp block on the haemodynamic response to head pinning, incision and during craniotomy.

METHODS

This prospective randomised study included 60 patients of ASA status I or II between age 18–60 years and of either sex who underwent supratentorial craniotomy under general anaesthesia followed by scalp block. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups of 30 each and before application of the Mayfield skull pin head holder, scalp block was given as per group distribution (Group A: 20 ml 0.25% injection bupivacaine and Group B: 20 ml of 0.25% injection levobupivacaine). The hemodynamic responses were recorded at baseline, during scalp block and after head pin insertion, incision and at craniotomy. The total analgesic requirement during intraoperative and post operative period was noted.

RESULTS

There were no clinically and statistically significant differences in values of heart rate and blood pressure after head pin insertion, skin incision and craniotomy in both the groups.

CONCLUSIONS

The study revealed that 0.25% injection levobupivacaine when used for scalp block was as efficacious as 0.25% injection bupivacaine. Both the drugs in low concentration of 0.25% were effective in minimizing pressor response to skull pin insertion, incision and craniotomy with less incidence of complication and reduced intraoperative requirement of analgesia.
As cidades e os portadores da angústia (o vazio existencial)
Authors: Silva Cintia Coelho da
Published: June 2023

Este artigo propõe uma análise histórica dos espaços urbanos e rurais em relação ao fenômeno do vazio existencial, utilizando o método cartográfico de Deleuze e Guattari. O objetivo é traçar um panorama historiográfico do vazio existencial ao longo da história, com ênfase em sua massificação na modernidade e hipermodernidade, particularmente no século XX e início do século XXI. Através da consulta de diversos autores que abordaram o tema ao longo dos séculos, busca-se contextualizar e historicizar essa temática, muitas vezes negligenciada pela história devido à sua natureza subjetiva.
Media, medo do crime e punitividade
Authors: Ferreira Matilde Inês Moreira de Vilhena , Moreira Samuel Ricardo Neves , Guedes Inês Maria Ermida de Sousa
Published: June 2023

A literatura científica tem estudado largamente os impactos dos media e, mais recentemente, dos social media em diversas perceções dos indivíduos. Uma das relações mais empiricamente testadas, desde os estudos de Gerbner e Gross (1976), é entre o consumo de media (e.g., televisão) e o medo do crime. Adicionalmente, apesar de menos comum, os estudos também têm demonstrado que o apoio a políticas criminais mais severas pode derivar do consumo de notícias. Todavia, a cultura do medo pode também ter um efeito relevante na procura de respostas mais punitivas. Assim, o presente artigo, através de uma revisão da literatura, explora, por um lado, a relação entre o consumo de (social) media e a punitividade, e, por outro, o papel mediador do medo naquela relação. Espera-se, assim, colmatar uma importante lacuna na literatura científica da área.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Santos Adriana Cristina Omena dos , Dorne Vinícius Durval
Published: June 2023

É com prazer que damos as boas-vindas a primeira edição deste ano da "Revista Paradoxos" - Vol. 8, n.1, jan/jun 2023. Ao longo deste número, contamos com distintos olhares, abordagens e problemáticas sobre o terreno da Comunicação em sua interface com as Tecnologias e a Educação. Neste sentido, tatearemos pelas redes sociais digitais, pelo universo do cinema, pelas histórias de vida, pelas relações entre mídia e crime, pelo papel da escola no combate à desinformação.
The Impact of Al-Albānī’s Revolutionary Approach to Hadith on Islamic Militancy in Indonesia
Authors: Musyafiq Ahmad
Published: June 2023

The rise of Islamic militancy among Indonesian Salafis closely relates to their literal understanding of the hadith as the resource of their religious doctrines, with Muḥammad Nāṣiruddīn al-Albānī (1914-1999) as the most referenced figure. This article analyses how the thought of al-Albānī on hadith impacted Islamic militancy development in Indonesia. The writer argues that al-Albānī’s pupils support the rapid spread of his thinking on the hadith with their book publishers, organisations, and Salafi pesantrens. Meanwhile, the impact of al-Albānī’s thoughts on the Salafi movement in Indonesia appears in three notions: the domination of the textual understanding of the hadiths, the growth of al-Lā Madhhabiyyah (not relying on any classical madhab of fiqh), and the taṣfiyah and tarbiyah program. According to al-Albānī, the program of taṣfiyah and tarbiyah is the only way to build an Islamic society, which is a condition for the establishment of the Islamic Sharia and the Islamic State (Daulah Islāmiyyah).[Munculnya gerakan Islam militan di Indonesia tidak bisa dilepaskan dari model pemahaman hadis yang literal dengan tokoh rujukan Muḥammad Nāṣiruddīn al-Albānī (1914-1999). Artikel ini menganalisis pemikiran al-Albānī tentang hadis, yang berdampak pada militansi Islam di Indonesia. Temuan dari tulisan ini  adalah: 1) massifnya penyebaran pemikiran al-Albānī didukung oleh para murid al-Albānī yang mengembangkan penerbit buku, ormas, dan pesantren salafi; 2) dampak pemikiran al-Albānī terhadap pemikiran Salafi di Indonesia dapat dilihat pada tiga hal: dominasi pemahaman tekstual; tumbuhnya gerakan al-Lā Madhhabiyyah (paham untuk tidak bertumpu pada mazhab fikih klasik tertentu); dan program taṣfiyah dan tarbiyah. Menurut al-Albānī, tanpa taṣfiyah dan tarbiyah, tidak mungkin bisa terbangun masyarakat Islami yang menjadi syarat bagi tegaknya syariat Islam dan berdirinya negara Islam].
The Role of Parents in Stimulating Early Children's Language Development Through Smartphone Use
Authors: Najiha Nasratun , Zulfina Ilma , Elvia Fifi , Muarofakh  , Cahyadi Ahmadi
Published: June 2023

Language is a relatively essential means of communication to pay attention to and develop in early childhood, starting from children who have not yet learned the sounds of language, the vocabulary of letters and phrases, to assembling simple sentences. In this case, parents, teachers, and the surrounding community are responsible for children's language development through digital media, one of which is media use. This study aims to describe the role of caregivers in stimulating children's language development through smartphone media. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative, through primary data as a source of research data originating from related parties obtained from respondents; this study uses a questionnaire data collection technique with two closed answers (yes/no) and is equipped with open questions obtained online through the Google forms platform. The data analysis technique is an interactive model carried out through three stages: data reduction, presentation, and verification. The results of this study explain that the use of wise parental supervision will be more effective and effective in increasing the stimulation of children's language development because parents control every child's activity at home. It can be seen from the duration of use. In early childhood, it reaches 47% in the range of 2-3 hours per day, and the application often used by children is YouTube as a way for children to gain mastery of language both orally and in writing. The study results show that caregivers' role in stimulating children's language development is crucial; this can be proven by children who think broadly and are skilled at communicating.
Implementation of STEAM in Preschool as a 21st-Century Learning Innovation
Authors: Kamil Nurhusni , Anggraeni HR Evi
Published: June 2023

STEAM in the world of education is no stranger. Many countries in the world have implemented learning using this approach. STEAM is considered to influence learning because STEAM is a combination of several sciences that become one unit. One of the benefits of learning STEAM is that children are taught to be able to solve the problems they are facing. The use of technology that is very supportive makes this one of the supporting factors. The research method used in this study was qualitative, with a sample of 12 children aged 4-5 years who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The research was conducted at Sungai Rumbai Kindergarten IB in Jorong Kampung Baru. This study aimed to see the implementation of STEAM in Preschool as a 21st Century Learning Innovation. Data collection techniques used non-test techniques obtained from interviews, observations, and documentation obtained from class teachers. The study results show that STEAM has been implemented in TK IB Sungai Rumbai through various activities.
The Relationship Between Perceived Transformational Leadership Style and Organizational Commitment in Kindergarten Teachers
Authors: Triyana Triyana , Munastiwi Erni , Marpuah Siti
Published: June 2023

This study aims to determine the positive relationship between perceptions of the principal's transformational leadership style and organizational commitment in teachers/educators. Organizational commitment should be owned by every teacher/educator to achieve the goals of the educational institution listed in the vision and mission of the educational institution. However, commitment to the organization could be more concern for educational institutions. This study is to fill the literature gap and provide direction to stakeholders as a consideration for making references regarding transformational leadership style and teacher organizational commitment. The data collection method in this study used a scale with the Likert Model scale scoring technique. The hypothesis in the study is that there is a relationship between the perception of the principal's transformational leadership style and the teachers' organizational commitment. The population and sample in the study were all educators in kindergartens in Cilacap District, totaling 30 teachers/educators. Data collection methods using the Transformational Leadership Style scale and Organizational Commitment scale. The results of the Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis of the two variables amounted to (rxy) 0.402 (p < 0.014). The results showed a positive and very significant relationship between the perception of transformational leadership style and organizational commitment in teachers in kindergarten. The coefficient of determination of the correlation coefficient is R2 = 0.162. The conclusion from the data presented shows that leadership style provides an effective contribution to organizational commitment in teachers by 16.2%. The usefulness of this research is the need and importance of leadership style to determine the organizational commitment attached to teachers.
It is Hard for Journalists to Pray on Time: Commodification of Media Workers in the Digital Age
Authors: Muhammad Nur Rohman
Published: June 2023

This study aims to explain the commodification practices of media workers in the digital era, more precisely on iNews TV Semarang, Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data collection techniques were carried out in the form of observations and interviews with people who work as journalists at iNews TV Semarang. This study shows that journalists experience commodification in the form of absolute exploitation and relative exploitation. Absolute exploitation is seen in the irregular working hours of journalists, resulting in chaos during their worship hours. At the same time, relative exploitation is in the form of intensification of the labor process for journalists, which is carried out by giving multiple assignments. Journalists also get another task: looking for clients for the company's benefit. The commodification that has occurred has also involved processes of alienation, mystification, naturalization, and reification.
The Narration of Convenient Public Services at the Sheikh Zayed Solo Grand Mosque in Online Media
Authors: Purwanto Aji Kurniawan Ade , Rahardjo Turnomo
Published: June 2023

This research attempts to examine the coverage of the Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque in Solo in the online media Solopos.com. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive method and uses the narrative theory of the actan model developed by Algirdas Greimas. This research focuses on news text narratives collected through the online media Solopos.com after the Grand Mosque of Sheikh Zayed Solo was inaugurated. The results of this study found the structure of the meaning of reporting on the Sheikh Zayed Solo Grand Mosque on Solopos.com which displays the positive side of reporting about the mosque. This positive news is related to parking, security, and shuttle service at the Grand Mosque of Sheikh Zayed Solo.
autonomía y la discapacidad
Authors: Sarmiento Ospina Carlos Hernando
Published: June 2023

Hacer un análisis objetivo del ejercicio de la autonomía en la persona con una discapacidad puede llegar a ser muy complejo, si se tiene en cuenta de antemano la carga importante de pesadumbre derivada de las limitaciones soportadas por el individuo, secundaria a la naturaleza misma de su condición y los factores externos implicados. Revisar algunos conceptos teóricos sobre las posibles variables en juego en la toma de decisiones en la discapacidad, puede brindar una visión más clara al respecto, evitando caer en prejuicios o no dar el valor apropiado a la manifestación de la voluntariedad de la persona, situaciones con un impacto significativo en la bioética clínica.
Negro sobre Blanco. En defensa de las Cinco Vías tomistas
Authors: Fernández Gel Enric
Published: June 2023

Resumen: Analizo y critico las principales objeciones que Carlos Blanco plantea, en Las fronteras del pensamiento, contra las 5 vías de Tomás de Aquino. Mi objetivo es mostrar que dichas objeciones fallan, lo cual nos va a permitir traer, a la literatura en español, ciertas discusiones del mundo filosófico anglosajón.
Palabras clave: 5 vías, Tomás de Aquino, Tomismo, Existencia de Dios, Filosofía de la religión
Abstract: I analyze and critique Carlos Blanco’s main objections against Aquinas’s 5 ways, to be found in his latest book, Las fronteras del pensamiento. My aim is to show how these objections miss the mark. This will allow us to bring into the Spanish literature some discussions that have taken place in the English-speaking world.
 Kewyords: 5 ways, Thomas Aquinas, Thomism, God’s existence, Philosophy of religion
Analysis of the impact of the technical condition of vehicles on road safety
Authors: Gorzelańczyk Piotr , Kliszewski Łukasz , Piątkowski Piotr
Published: June 2023

Every year too many people lose their lives and health on Polish roads. At best, it only ends with damage to their cars. The number of accidents is very high. Despite the construction of new, safer roads, the number of collisions continues to rise, and death, every year, is suffered by about three thousand accident participants. On average, forty-one thousand people are injured annually. The main causes of accidents are failure to adjust speed to prevailing conditions or traffic regulations, driving under the influence of alcohol and random events, as well as the technical condition of the vehicles.
The purpose of the article is to answer the question of how the technical condition of the vehicles affects traffic safety. For this reason, an assessment of the technical condition of vehicles during a periodic examination at a vehicle inspection station was made. Based on the study, it can be concluded that the largest percentage of defects detected during the examination is in the tire 40% and steering 40%, defects that are particularly important from the point of view of traffic safety, which were demonstrated during the examination.
Barriers to adequate nutrition in pregnant adolescent Colombian females
Authors: Sherer Erin L. , Bello Trujillo Ana Maria
Published: June 2023

Pregnant adolescent females face nutritional challenges. The nutritional demands of a growing fetus, when added to the requirements for growing adolescent bodies, are risk factors for undernutrition. An adolescent expectant mother’s nutritional status therefore affects both the mother’s and the child’s future growth, development, and potential development of diseases later in life. In Colombia, the rate of female adolescent pregnancies is higher than neighboring countries and the global average. The most recent data suggest that approximately 21 % of all pregnant adolescent females in Colombia are underweight, 27 % suffer from anemia, 20 % suffer from vitamin D deficiency, and 19 % suffer from vitamin B12 deficiency. Contributing factors to these nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy may be the region in which the female lives, the female’s ethnicity, and the female’s socioeconomic and educational status. In rural parts of Colombia, limitations regarding access to prenatal care and food choices that include animal source proteins may also contribute to nutritional deficiencies. To help remedy this, recommendations include encouraging nutrient dense food sources with higher protein content, eating one additional meal per day, and taking a prenatal vitamin throughout the pregnancy. Making healthy eating choices can be difficult for adolescent females with limited resources and education; therefore, it is recommended that discussions about nutrition begin at the first prenatal visit for optimum benefits. These factors should be considered for the development of future health policies and interventions in Colombia and other low-income and middle-income countries where pregnant adolescent females may be experiencing similar nutritional deficiencies.