bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shrinkage and Redundant Feature Elimination Network-Based Robust Image Zero-Watermarking
Authors: He Lingqiang , He Zhouyan , Luo Ting , Song Yang
Published: April 2023

To address the contradiction between watermarking robustness and imperceptibility, a zero-watermarking method based on shrinkage and a redundant feature elimination network (SRFENet) is proposed in this paper. First, in order to have the capability of resisting different image attacks, a dense connection was used to extract shallow and deep features from different convolutional layers. Secondly, to reduce unimportant information for robustness and uniqueness, in SRFENet, a shrinkage module was utilized by automatically learning the threshold of each feature channel. Then, to enhance watermarking uniqueness, a redundant feature elimination module was designed to reduce redundant information for the remaining valid features by learning the weights of inter-feature and intra-feature. In order to increase watermarking robustness further, noised images were generated for training. Finally, an extracted feature map from SRFENet was used to construct a zero-watermark. Furthermore, a zero-watermark from the noised image was generated for copyright verification, which is symmetrical to the process of zero-watermark construction from the original image. The experimental results showed that the proposed zero-watermarking method was robust to different single-image attacks (average BER is 0.0218) and hybrid image attacks (average NC is 0.9551), proving the significant generalization ability to resist different attacks. Compared with existing zero-watermarking methods, the proposed method is more robust since it extracts the main image features via learning a large number of different images for zero-watermark construction.
Comprehensive Study of Electrode Effect in Metal/CuInP2S6/Metal Heterostructures
Authors: Dong Yong , An Chao , Wu Yongyi , Zhang Zhen , Li Tao , Min Tai , Yang Jinbo , Chen Xuegang , Tian Mingliang
Published: April 2023

The layered van der Waals CuInP2S6 (CIPS) features interesting functional behaviors, including reversible ferroelectric polarization, Cu ion migration, negative capacitance effect, etc. Here, the CIPS flakes were exfoliated from the CVT-grown high-quality single crystals, which were fabricated into metal/CIPS/metal heterostructures by conventional photolithography. It was found that the CIPS flakes persisted in the dominant out-of-plane polarization and the minor in-plane polarization. Clear hysteresis current–voltage (I–V) loops, as well as the rectifying character, were revealed in metal/CIPS/metal heterostructures, indicating the potential application as a memory device. Additionally, the different metal electrode could significantly modulate the Schottky-like barrier at metal/CIPS interfaces, resulting in symmetric or asymmetric I–V loops. The complicated I–V curves may have originated from the voltage-induced Cu ion migration, reversible ferroelectric polarization, and carrier (ion) trapping/detrapping. This work may facilitate the metal electrode selection for the ferroelectric CIPS-based device application.
Existence of Monotone Positive Solutions for Caputo–Hadamard Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equation with Infinite-Point Boundary Value Conditions
Authors: Guo Limin , Li Cheng , Zhao Jingbo
Published: April 2023

Numerical solutions and approximate solutions of fractional differential equations have been studied by mathematicians recently and approximate solutions and exact solutions of fractional differential equations are obtained in many kinds of ways, such as Lie symmetry, variational method, the optimal ADM method, and so on. In this paper, we obtain the positive solutions by iterative methods for sum operators. Green’s function and the properties of Green’s function are deduced, then based on the properties of Green’s function, the existence of iterative positive solutions for a nonlinear Caputo–Hadamard infinite-point fractional differential equation are obtained by iterative methods for sum operators; an example is proved to illustrate the main result.
Geographical Dependence of Open Hardware Optimization: Case Study of Solar Photovoltaic Racking
Authors: Rana Shafquat , Vandewetering Nicholas , Powell Jadyn , Ariza Jonathan Álvarez , Pearce Joshua M.
Published: April 2023

Open-source technological development is well-known for rapid innovation and providing opportunities to reduce costs and thus increase accessibility for a wide range of products. This is done through distributed manufacturing, in which products are produced close to end users. There is anecdotal evidence that these opportunities are heavily geographically dependent, with some locations unable to acquire components to build open hardware at accessible prices because of trade restrictions, tariffs, taxes, or market availability. Supply chain disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated this and forced designers to pivot towards a la carte-style design frameworks for critical system components. To further develop this phenomenon, a case study of free and open-source solar photovoltaic (PV) racking systems is provided. Two similar open-source designs made from different materials are compared in terms of capital costs for their detailed bill of materials throughout ten locations in North, Central and South America. The differences in economic optimization showed that the costs of wood-based racks were superior in North America and in some South American countries, while metal was less costly in Central and South America. The results make it clear that open hardware designs would be best to allow for local optimization based on material availability in all designs.
Platelet Rich Plasma and Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mitigate Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rat via Nrf2/Pparγ/HO-1 and NF-Κb/Keap1/Caspase-3 Signaling Pathways: Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Interplay
Authors: Wani Farooq A. , Ibrahim Mahrous A. , Ameen Shimaa H. , Farage Amira E. , Ali Zinab Abd-Elhady , Saleh Khaldoon , Farag Medhat M. , Sayeed Mohammed U. , Alruwaili Muhannad A. Y. , Alruwaili Abdulsalam H. F. , Aljared Ahmad Z. A. , Galhom Rania A.
Published: April 2023

Background: the nephrotoxicity of methotrexate (MTX) is observed in high-dose therapy. Moreover, low-dose MTX therapy for rheumatic diseases is debatable and claimed to cause renal impairment. This study aimed at studying the effect of methotrexate in repeated low doses on rat kidneys and assessing the efficacy of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) and platelet rich plasma (PRP) for attenuating this effect. Methods: Forty-two male Wistar rats were used, 10 rats were donors of AD-MSCs and PRP, 8 rats served as control, and the remaining rats were subjected to induction of nephrotoxicity by MTX intraperitoneal injection once weekly for successive 8 weeks and then assigned into 3 groups of 8 animals each: Group II: received MTX only. Group III: received MTX + PRP. Group IV: received MTX + AD-MSCs. After one month, rats were anaesthetized, serum-sampled, and renal tissue removed for biochemical, histological, and ultrastructural evaluation. Results: there was significant tubular degeneration, glomerulosclerosis, fibrosis, decreased renal index, along with increased levels of urea and creatinine in the MTX group compared to the control group. Immunohistochemical expression of caspase-3 and iNOS in the renal tissue was significantly increased in group II compared to groups III and IV. Biochemical results revealed higher tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in the MTX-injected group which decreased significantly in co-treatment with either AD-MSC or PRP + MTX. MSC promoted the activation of the Nrf2/PPARγ/HO-1 and NF-κB/Keap1/caspase-3 pathways, increased antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced lipid peroxidation levels, and alleviated oxidative damage and apoptosis. PRP showed therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms similar to MSC. Furthermore, MSC and PRP treatment significantly reduced MTX-induced upregulation of the pro-inflammatory (NF-κB, interleukin-1ß, and TNF-α), oxidative stress (Nrf-2, hemoxygenase-1, glutathione, and malondialdehyde), and nitrosative stress (iNOS) markers in the kidney. Conclusion: repeated administration of low-dose MTX resulted in massive renal tissue toxicity and deterioration of renal function in rats which proved to be attenuated by PRP and AD-MSCs through their anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrotic properties.
A New Advanced and Validated Method for the Determination of Potentially Toxic Metals and Trace and Ultra-Trace Elements in Peritoneal Fluid to Assess the Health Risks of Women with Gynecological Pathologies
Authors: López-Botella Andrea , Sánchez Raquel , Todolí-Torró José-Luis , Gómez-Torres María José , Velasco Irene , Acién Maribel
Published: April 2023

Toxic metals found in the environment have been linked to female infertility and gynecological illnesses. Reliable analytical methods, such as inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS), are necessary to determine the elemental composition of biological samples. Currently, the multielemental profile of peritoneal fluid (PF) samples has not yet been established. Due to the complexity of the PF matrix, an ICP-MS/MS-based method has been optimized to mitigate matrix effects and spectral interferences. A dilution factor of 1:4 was the best option to mitigate matrix effects while keeping sensitivity at an appropriate level. A collision gas (He) was useful to lower the extent of spectral interferences for 56Fe, 52Cr, 63Cu, and 68Zn. An intermediate validation test was performed to evaluate accuracy, achieving recoveries ranging from 90 to 110%. The method was validated in terms of intermediate precision, reproducibility, and trueness, with an expanded uncertainty lower than 15%. Afterward, it was applied to perform the multielemental analysis of 20 PF samples. The concentrations for major analytes were up to 151 µg L−1. Meanwhile,209Bi, 111Cd, 52Cr, 55Mn, 95Mo, 60Ni, 208Pb, 118Sn, and 51V were present at concentrations included within the 1–10 µg L−1 range, while 59Co and 139La were found at concentrations below 1 µg L−1.
Oncomelania hupensis Distribution and Schistosomiasis Transmission Risk in Different Environments under Field Conditions
Authors: Li Yinlong , Guo Suying , Dang Hui , Zhang Lijuan , Xu Jing , Li Shizhu
Published: April 2023

The goal of schistosomiasis prevention and control in China is shifting from transmission interruption to elimination. However, the area inhabited by the intermediate host, the snail Oncomelania hupensis, has not changed much in recent years. Different environmental types have different impacts on snail breeding, and understanding these differences is conducive to improving the efficiency of snail monitoring and control and to saving resources. Based on previous epidemiological data, we selected 199 villages in 2020 and 269 villages in 2021 from transmission control, transmission interruption, and elimination areas of snail breeding. Snail surveys were conducted in selected villages using systematic sampling and/or environmental sampling methods in six types of snail-breeding environments (canals, ponds, paddy fields, dry lands, bottomlands, and undefined environments). All live snails collected from the field were evaluated for Schistosoma japonicum infection using the microscopic dissection method, and a subsample of snails was subjected to loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to assess the presence of S. japonicum infection. Snail distribution data and infection rate and nucleic acid positive rate of schistosomes in snails were calculated and analyzed. The 2-year survey covered 29,493 ha of the environment, in which 12,313 ha of snail habitats were detected. In total, 51.16 ha of new snail habitats and 107.76 ha of re-emergent snail habitats were identified during the survey. The occurrence rate of snails in canals (10.04%, 95% CI: 9.88–10.20%) and undefined environments (20.66%, 95% CI: 19.64–21.67%) was relatively high in 2020, and the density of snails in bottomlands (0.39, 95% CI: 0.28–0.50) and undefined environments (0.43, 95% CI: 0.14–1.60) was relatively high in 2021. Of the 227,355 live snails collected in this study, none were S. japonicum-positive as determined by microscopy. Of the 20,131 pooled samples, however, 5 were S. japonicum-positive based on LAMP analysis, and they were distributed in three environmental types: 3 in bottomland, 1 in dry land, and 1 in a canal. The bottomland environment has a high risk of schistosomiasis transmission because it contains a large area of newly emerging and re-emerging snail habitats, and it also had the most breeding snails infected with S. japonicum. Thus, this habitat type should be the key target for snail monitoring and early warning and for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis.
Cell-to-Cell Transmission of HIV-1 and HIV-2 from Infected Macrophages and Dendritic Cells to CD4+ T Lymphocytes
Authors: Calado Marta , Pires David , Conceição Carolina , Ferreira Rita , Santos-Costa Quirina , Anes Elsa , Azevedo-Pereira José Miguel
Published: April 2023

Macrophages (Mø) and dendritic cells (DCs) are key players in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and pathogenesis. They are essential for the spread of HIV to CD4+ T lymphocytes (TCD4+) during acute infection. In addition, they constitute a persistently infected reservoir in which viral production is maintained for long periods of time during chronic infection. Defining how HIV interacts with these cells remains a critical area of research to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of acute spread and sustained chronic infection and transmission. To address this issue, we analyzed a panel of phenotypically distinct HIV-1 and HIV-2 primary isolates for the efficiency with which they are transferred from infected DCs or Mø to TCD4+. Our results show that infected Mø and DCs spread the virus to TCD4+ via cell-free viral particles in addition to other alternative pathways. We demonstrate that the production of infectious viral particles is induced by the co-culture of different cell populations, indicating that the contribution of cell signaling driven by cell-to-cell contact is a trigger for viral replication. The results obtained do not correlate with the phenotypic characteristics of the HIV isolates, namely their co-receptor usage, nor do we find significant differences between HIV-1 and HIV-2 in terms of cis- or trans-infection. The data presented here may help to further elucidate the cell-to-cell spread of HIV and its importance in HIV pathogenesis. Ultimately, this knowledge is critical for new therapeutic and vaccine approaches.
Immunostaining of βA-Activin and Follistatin Is Decreased in HPV(+) Cervical Pre-Neoplastic and Neoplastic Lesions
Authors: Payano Victor Jesus Huaringa , Lopes Lara Verônica de Araújo , Peixoto Larissa Rodrigues , Silva Keila Alves da , Ortiga-Carvalho Tania Maria , Tafuri Alexandre , Vago Annamaria Ravara , Bloise Enrrico
Published: April 2023

The activin–follistatin system regulates several cellular processes, including differentiation and tumorigenesis. We hypothesized that the immunostaining of βA-activin and follistatin varies in neoplastic cervical lesions. Cervical paraffin-embedded tissues from 162 patients sorted in control (n = 15), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 1 (n = 38), CIN2 (n = 37), CIN3 (n = 39), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; n = 33) groups were examined for βA-activin and follistatin immunostaining. Human papillomavirus (HPV) detection and genotyping were performed by PCR and immunohistochemistry. Sixteen samples were inconclusive for HPV detection. In total, 93% of the specimens exhibited HPV positivity, which increased with patient age. The most detected high-risk (HR)-HPV type was HPV16 (41.2%) followed by HPV18 (16%). The immunostaining of cytoplasmatic βA-activin and follistatin was higher than nuclear immunostaining in all cervical epithelium layers of the CIN1, CIN2, CIN3, and SCC groups. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the cytoplasmic and nuclear immunostaining of βA-activin was detected in all cervical epithelial layers from the control to the CIN1, CIN2, CIN3, and SCC groups. Only nuclear follistatin immunostaining exhibited a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in specific epithelial layers of cervical tissues from CIN1, CIN2, CIN3, and SCC compared to the control. Decreased immunostaining of cervical βA-activin and follistatin at specific stages of CIN progression suggests that the activin–follistatin system participates in the loss of the differentiation control of pre-neoplastic and neoplastic cervical specimens predominantly positive for HPV.
Correction: Yu et al. Comparison of Physical and Biochemical Characterizations of SARS-CoV-2 Inactivated by Different Treatments. Viruses 2022, 14, 1938
Authors: Yu Shouzhi , Wei Yangyang , Liang Hongyang , Ji Wenheng , Chang Zhen , Xie Siman , Wang Yichuan , Li Wanli , Liu Yingwei , Wu Hao , Li Jie , Wang Hui , Yang Xiaoming
Published: April 2023

In the original publication [...]
Synergistic Effect between SARS-CoV-2 Wave and COVID-19 Vaccination on the Occurrence of Mild Symptoms in Healthcare Workers
Authors: Imeshtari Valentin , Vezza Francesca , Barletta Vanessa India , Bongiovanni Andrea , Colaprico Corrado , Shaholli David , Ricci Eleonora , Carluccio Giovanna , Moretti Luca , Manai Maria Vittoria , Chiappetta Marta , Paolini Riccardo , Marte Mattia , Previte Carlo Maria , Barone Lavinia Camilla , Faticoni Augusto , Cammalleri Vittoria , Pocino Roberta Noemi , Picchioni Filippo , Kibi Shizuka , Deriu Gloria , Serruto Pasquale , Dorelli Barbara , Mazzalai Elena , Giffi Monica , Marotta Daniela , Manzi Mattia , Marasca Valentina , Cocchiara Rosario Andrea , Ciccone Federica , Pasculli Patrizia , Massetti Paola , Antonelli Guido , Mastroianni Claudio Maria , La Torre Giuseppe
Published: April 2023

Background: Since the beginning of the pandemic, five variants of epidemiological interest have been identified, each of them with its pattern of symptomology and disease severity. The aim of this study is to analyze the role of vaccination status in modulating the pattern of symptomatology associated with COVID-19 infection during four waves. Methods: Data from the surveillance activity of healthcare workers were used to carry out descriptive analysis, association analyses and multivariable analysis. A synergism analysis between vaccination status and symptomatology during the waves was performed. Results: Females were found at a higher risk of developing symptoms. Four SARS-CoV-2 waves were identified. Pharyngitis and rhinitis were more frequent during the fourth wave and among vaccinated subjects while cough, fever, flu syndrome, headache, anosmia, ageusia, arthralgia/arthritis and myalgia were more frequent during the first three waves and among unvaccinated subjects. A correlation was found between vaccination and the different waves in terms of developing pharyngitis and rhinitis. Conclusion: Vaccination status and viruses’ mutations had a synergic effect in the mitigation of the symptomatology caused by SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers.
Before and After: Attitude and Adverse Effects Induced by the First and Second Doses of mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine among Healthcare Professionals in the First Weeks after Their Introduction in Poland
Authors: Pasternak Gerard , Pieniawska-Śmiech Karolina , Walkowiak Mateusz , Sado Joanna , Pytel Adam , Jasińska Paulina , Kierbiedź-Guzik Natalia , Bolaczek Paula , Fleischer-Stępniewska Katarzyna , Babicki Mateusz , Pentoś Katarzyna , Lewandowicz-Uszyńska Aleksandra
Published: April 2023

Background: In the last days of December 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, Pfizer-BioNTech) was introduced, for the first time, for wide use in Poland. According to the vaccination schedule, healthcare workers were the first to receive the vaccine. The aim of this study was to analyse the attitudes of those who were determined to be vaccinated, with particular reference to their concerns, attitudes towards vaccination advocacy and sources of knowledge on vaccination, as well as the incidence of adverse reactions. Methods: The study had a three-stage design. Respondents completed a self-administered questionnaire before receiving the 1st and 2nd vaccine doses and 2 weeks after receiving the 2nd dose. A total of 2247 responses were obtained (1340 responses in the first stage, 769 in the second and 138 in the third). Results: The main source of knowledge on vaccination was the Internet (32%; n = 428). Of the respondents, 6% (n = 86) reported anxiety before the 1st dose of the vaccine, which increased to 20% (n = 157) before the 2nd dose. A declaration of willingness to promote vaccination among their families was made by 87% (n = 1165). Among adverse reactions after the 1st dose of the vaccine, respondents most frequently observed pain at the injection site (n = 584; 71%), fatigue (n = 126; 16%) and malaise (n = 86; 11%). The mean duration of symptoms was 2.38 days (SD 1.88). After the 2nd dose of vaccine, similar adverse reactions—pain at the injection site (n = 103; 75%), fatigue (n = 28; 20%), malaise (n = 22; 16%)—predominated among respondents. Those who declared having had a SARS-CoV-2 virus infection (p = 0.00484) and with a history of adverse vaccination reactions (p = 0.00374) were statistically more likely to observe adverse symptoms after vaccination. Conclusions: Adverse postvaccinal reactions are relatively common after Comirnaty vaccination but are usually mild and transient in nature. It is in the interest of public health to increase the knowledge of vaccine safety.
COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance, Attitude and Perception among Slum and Underserved Communities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kawuki Joseph , Chen Siyu , Fang Yuan , Liang Xue , Chan Paul Shing-fong , Wang Zixin
Published: April 2023

This systematic review summarises the literature on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, including acceptance, uptake, hesitancy, attitude and perceptions among slum and underserved communities. Relevant studies were searched from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar, following a pre-registered protocol in PROSPERO (CRD42022355101) and PRISMA guidelines. We extracted data, used random-effects models to combine the vaccine acceptance, hesitancy and uptake rates categorically, and performed meta-regression by R software (version 4.2.1). Twenty-four studies with 30,323 participants met the inclusion criteria. The overall prevalence was 58% (95% CI: 49–67%) for vaccine acceptance, 23% (95% CI: 13–39%) for uptake and 29% (95% CI: 18–43%) for hesitancy. Acceptance and uptake were positively associated with various sociodemographic factors, including older age, higher education level, male gender, ethnicity/race (e.g., Whites vs African Americans), more knowledge and a higher level of awareness of vaccines, but some studies reported inconsistent results. Safety and efficacy concerns, low-risk perception, long distance to vaccination centres and unfavourable vaccination schedules were prominent reasons for hesitancy. Moreover, varying levels of attitudes and perceptions regarding COVID-19 vaccination were reported with existing misconceptions and negative beliefs, and these were strong predictors of vaccination. Infodemic management and continuous vaccine education are needed to address existing misconceptions and negative beliefs, and this should target young, less-educated women and ethnic minorities. Considering mobile vaccination units to vaccinate people at home or workplaces would be a useful strategy in addressing access barriers and increasing vaccine uptake.
Assessment of Immune Responses to Rabies Vaccination in Free-Ranging Dogs in Bengaluru, India
Authors: Prakash Rao Vinay Chavan , Ramakrishnaiah Sharada , Isloor Shrikrishna , Doddamane Rathnamma , Lakshman Dilip , Maralavadi Manjunath Shinde Sundar Rao , Bhat Avinash , Chandrashekar Balaji , Natesan Krithiga , Kondabattula Ganesh , Hegde Nagendra R.
Published: April 2023

Rabies is a fatal encephalomyelitis mainly transmitted to humans and other animals by rabid dog bites. Hence, vaccination programs are being instituted for the control of rabies in dogs. Though stray dogs have been vaccinated for years under various programs initiated for control of the disease, the effectiveness of these programs can be ascertained only by assessing the immunity of these dogs. With this in view, a study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the ongoing mass dog vaccination (MDV) program by the Bengaluru City Municipal Corporation, Bengaluru, India. Whole blood and serum samples (n = 260) from vaccinated stray dogs in 26 wards of 8 corporation zones were tested by rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT) as well as an in-house quantitative indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) for a humoral response and by interferon-gamma (IFN–γ) ELISA for a cellular response. As determined by the cut-off value of 0.5 IU/mL of serum, 71% and 87% of the samples from vaccinated dogs revealed adequate levels of antibodies presumed to confer protection by RFFIT and iELISA, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the iELISA were 100% and 63.3%, respectively. The IFN–γ ELISA revealed adequate cellular response in 50% of the samples. The quantitative iELISA was found to be useful in large-scale seromonitoring of MDV programs to aid in the elimination of dog-mediated rabies.
Coping Strategies for Pertussis Resurgence
Authors: Nian Xuanxuan , Liu Hongbo , Cai Mengyao , Duan Kai , Yang Xiaoming
Published: April 2023

Pertussis (whooping cough) is a respiratory disease caused primarily by Bordetella pertussis, a Gram-negative bacteria. Pertussis is a relatively contagious infectious disease in people of all ages, mainly affecting newborns and infants under 2 months of age. Pertussis is undergoing a resurgence despite decades of high rates of vaccination. To better cope with the challenge of pertussis resurgence, we evaluated its possible causes and potential countermeasures in the narrative review. Expanded vaccination coverage, optimized vaccination strategies, and the development of a new pertussis vaccine may contribute to the control of pertussis.
Identification of Candidate Genes for Min Pig Villi Hair Traits by Genome-Wide Association of Copy Number Variation
Authors: He Xinmiao , Tian Ming , Wang Wentao , Feng Yanzhong , Li Zhongqiu , Wang Jiahui , Song Yan , Zhang Jinfeng , Liu Di
Published: April 2023

The Min pig is a famous native pig breed in northeast China, which has the special genetic character of villi hair growth in cold seasons. At present, little research has focused on the genetic mechanism of villi hair growth in Min pigs. Copy number variations (CNVs) are a type of variant that may influence many traits. In this study, we first investigated the phenotype of Large White × Min pigs’ F2 pig villi hair in detail and then performed a CNV-based genome-wide association study (GWAS) between CNVs and pig villi hair appearance. Finally, a total number of 15 significant CNVRs were found to be associated with Min pig villi hair. The most significant CNVR was located on chromosome 1. Nearest gene annotation analysis indicated that the pig villi hair traits may be associated with the biological process of the G-protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. QTL overlapping analysis found that among the CNVRs, 14 CNVRs could be co-located with known QTLs. Some genes such as MCHR2, LTBP2, and GFRA2 may be candidate genes for pig villi traits and are worth further study. Our study may provide a basic reference for the selection and breeding of cold-resistant pigs and outdoor breeding.
Essential Oils for a Sustainable Control of Honeybee Varroosis
Authors: Bava Roberto , Castagna Fabio , Palma Ernesto , Marrelli Mariangela , Conforti Filomena , Musolino Vincenzo , Carresi Cristina , Lupia Carmine , Ceniti Carlotta , Tilocca Bruno , Roncada Paola , Britti Domenico , Musella Vincenzo
Published: April 2023

The Varroa destructor parasite is the main obstacle to the survival of honey bee colonies. Pest control mainly involves the use of synthetic drugs which, used with the right criteria and in rotation, are able to ensure that infestation levels are kept below the damage threshold. Although these drugs are easy to use and quick to apply, they have numerous disadvantages. Their prolonged use has led to the emergence of pharmacological resistance in treated parasite populations; furthermore, the active ingredients and/or their metabolites accumulate in the beehive products with the possibility of risk for the end consumer. Moreover, the possibility of subacute and chronic toxicity phenomena for adult honeybees and their larval forms must be considered. In this scenario, eco-friendly products derived from plant species have aroused great interest over the years. In recent decades, several studies have been carried out on the acaricidal efficacy of plant essential oils (EOs). Despite the swarming of laboratory and field studies, however, few EO products have come onto the market. Laboratory studies have often yielded different results even for the same plant species. The reason for this discrepancy lies in the various study techniques employed as well as in the variability of the chemical compositions of plants. The purpose of this review is to take stock of the research on the use of EOs to control the V. destructor parasite. It begins with an extensive discussion of the characteristics, properties, and mechanisms of action of EOs, and then examines the laboratory and field tests carried out. Finally, an attempt is made to standardize the results and open up new lines of study in future.
Hydrogeochemical Study of Hot Springs along the Tingri—Nyima Rift: Relationship between Fluids and Earthquakes
Authors: Zhao Deyang , Zhou Xiaocheng , Zhang Yongxian , He Miao , Tian Jiao , Shen Junfeng , Li Ying , Qiu Guilan , Du Fang , Zhang Xiaoming , Yang Yao , Zeng Jun , Rui Xuelian , Liao Feng , Guan Zhijun
Published: April 2023

Studying the hydrogeochemical characteristics of hot springs provides essential geochemical information for monitoring earthquake precursors and understanding the relationship between fluids, fractures, and earthquakes. This paper investigates the hydrogeochemical characteristics of hot springs along the Tingri–Nyima Rift (TNR) in southern Tibet, a seismically active zone at the collision front of the Indian and Asian-European plates. The major elements, hydrogen, and oxygen isotopes of seven thermal springs were analyzed from July 2019 to September 2021. The findings indicate that Mount Everest’s meteoric water, which has a recharge elevation of roughly 7.5–8.4 km, is the main source of recharge for the hot springs. The water samples have two main hydrochemical types: HCO3-Na and Cl-Na. The temperature of the geothermal reservoir is between 46.5 and 225.4 °C, while the circulation depth is between 1.2 and 5.0 km based on silica-enthalpy mixing models and traditional geothermometers. Furthermore, continuous measurements of major anions and cations at the Yundong Spring (T06) near Mount Everest reveal short-term (8 days) seismic precursor anomalies of hydrochemical compositions before an ML4.7 earthquake 64.36 km away from T06. Our study suggests that seismicity in the northern section of the TNR is controlled by both hydrothermal activity and tectonic activity, while seismicity in the southern section is mainly influenced by tectonic activity. In addition to magnitude and distance from the epicenter, geological forces from deep, large fissures also affect how hot springs react to seismic occurrences. A fluid circulation model is established in order to explain the process of groundwater circulation migration. The continuous hydrochemical monitoring of hot springs near Everest is critical for studying the coupling between hot springs, fractures, and earthquakes, as well as monitoring information on earthquake precursory anomalies near Everest.
Monitoring Adenosine Triphosphate Concentrations in a Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution System for Risk and Asset Management
Authors: Maal-Bared Rasha , McCracken Michael , Busawon Bharatee , Simpson Darlyce
Published: April 2023

Utilities rely on reliable and robust monitoring systems to inform decisions around asset operation and management in the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) to deliver high quality, biologically stable drinking water to consumers. However, traditional culture-based testing methods present challenges that make the timely detection of regrowth in the DWDS difficult. This study reports the results of an extensive adenosine triphosphate (ATP) monitoring campaign—a non-regulated parameter—in an urban, chloraminated drinking water system that analyzed over 5000 samples from two drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), associated DWTP reservoirs, twelve outlying reservoirs and the DWDS between 2019–2022. ATP concentrations increased significantly between the two DWTP reservoirs and outlying reservoirs but decreased between the outlying reservoirs and DWDS samples. Relationships between ATP concentrations and other water quality variables varied depending on sampling location. Heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) were mainly non-detects (<1 CFU/mL) providing limited operational guidance compared to ATP. ATP concentrations exhibited temporal and spatial variation but did not exceed the proposed 10 pg/mL corrective action limit suggested by the manufacturer. ATP concentrations were also able to inform outlying reservoir management decisions. Monitoring ATP could serve as a useful indicator of biological stability in the DWDS for the utility of the future.
Application of Analytical Probabilistic Models in Urban Runoff Control Systems’ Planning and Design: A Review
Authors: Aldrees Ali , Dan’azumi Salisu
Published: April 2023

Urban stormwater is known to cause a myriad of problems, ranging from flooding to water quality degradations. This paper provides an extensive review of analytical probabilistic model (APMs) used in the design of urban runoff control systems. APMs are closed-form mathematical expressions representing a long-term system’s output performance derived from the probability distribution of the system’s input variables. Once derived, the APMs are easy to handle, allow for sensitive analysis, and can be co-opted into optimization frameworks. The implementation of APM in the planning and design of runoff control systems will not only help address the runoff quantity and quality problems of urban stormwater, but will also go a long way in optimizing the benefits derived from the systems. This paper reviews studies that document the negative impacts of urbanization on runoff quantity and quality, and the best management practices (BMPs) used to mitigate the impacts. Three design methodologies used in urban stormwater control systems were reviewed. A detailed review of research on the development and use of APMs in urban stormwater management in various runoff control systems is presented, and recommendations are proffered.
Flooding in the Digital Twin Earth: The Case Study of the Enza River Levee Breach in December 2017
Authors: Tarpanelli Angelica , Bonaccorsi Bianca , Sinagra Marco , Domeneghetti Alessio , Brocca Luca , Barbetta Silvia
Published: April 2023

The accurate delineation of flood hazard maps is a key element of flood risk management policy. Flood inundation models are fundamental for reproducing the boundaries of flood-prone areas, but their calibration is limited to the information available on the areas affected by inundation during observed flood events (typically fragmentary photo, video or partial surveys). In recent years, Earth Observation data have supported flood monitoring and emergency response (e.g., the Copernicus Emergency Service) thanks to the proliferation of available satellite sensors, also at high spatial resolution. Under this umbrella, the study investigates a levee breach that occurred in December 2017 along the Enza River, a right tributary of the Po River, that caused the inundation of a large area including Lentigione village. The flood event is simulated with a 2D hydraulic model using satellite images to calibrate the roughness coefficients. The results show that the processing and the timing of the high-resolution satellite imagery is fundamental for a reliable representation of the flooded area.
New Software for the Techno–Economic Analysis of Small Hydro Power Plants
Authors: Guzović Zvonimir , Barbarić Marina , Bačelić Medić Zlatko , Degiuli Nastia
Published: April 2023

Project SMART (Strategies to Promote Small-Scale Hydro Electricity Production in Europe) from the Intelligent Energy Europe (IEE) program, in which 7 institutions from 5 European states participate, pointed to the important barriers for the expansion of small hydro power plants (SHP) in Europe. One of the main barriers is the lack of suitable methodology and software able to create a clear view of the SHP potential in the given territory, as well as a complete techno-economic analysis for certain locations. Worldwide, there are a certain number of software for this purpose, and will be presented in this paper. However, in practical application for concrete cases, they show certain disadvantages. For example, one software is not able to take into account all the specifics of watercourses and plants; another does not have the option of selecting all types of turbines; in others, the calculation models are based on a limited number of equations that do not describe all possible cases; in some, economic analysis is oversimplified, etc. The aim of this paper is to develop software that is more comprehensive than any existing software. A new software for the techno-economic analysis of SHP is developed using Python and will be presented in this paper. The software is very useful for experts in the field of SHP, but also much wider, for decision-makers, potential investors, and stakeholders, especially in developing countries. It will improve water resources management, disseminate opportunities to investors, and increase the interest of stakeholders to invest in SHP, resulting in their wider use. The software is tested on location for SHP in the Republic of Croatia by comparison with the results obtained by the usual classical calculation. The agreement of the results is satisfactory.
IWQP4Net: An Efficient Convolution Neural Network for Irrigation Water Quality Prediction
Authors: Al-Shourbaji Ibrahim , Duraibi Salahaldeen
Published: April 2023

With the increasing worldwide population and the requirement for efficient approaches to farm care and irrigation, the demand for water is constantly rising, and water resources are becoming scarce. This has led to the development of smart water management systems that aim to improve the efficiency of water management. This paper pioneers an effective Irrigation Water Quality Prediction (IWQP) model using a convolution neural architecture that can be trained on any general computing device. The developed IWQP4Net is assessed using several evaluation measurements and compared to the Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector regression (SVR), and k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) models. The results show that the developed IWQP4Net achieved a promising outcome and better performance than the other comparative models.
FORMATION OF CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF ART INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Shetelya N.
Published: April 2023

In the article, based on the theoretical analysis of the leading groups of sources and work experience of the Communal Institution of Higher Education «Uzhgorod Institute of Culture and Arts» of the Zakarpattia Regional Council, the essence of the concept of «cultural and educational environment» of the artistic institution of higher education is investigated and substantiated, and the ways of forming such an environment are outlined.

Based on the works by O. Pilevych, O. Rebrova, H. Buchkivska, E. Mertens, and other scientists, it is found that the cultural-educational environment of art institutions of higher education is a complex integrated concept. It characterizes the spiritual space of the institution and the set of educational and cultural-educational pedagogical conditions and means those develop and shape the personality of the future specialist in the field of culture. The specifics (features of an art institution, the role of the environment in the process of education and upbringing of young people, a resource that enables their professional creative growth) and characteristics of such an environment are determined, and examples of the implementation of the tasks of its formation by means of the work of vocal and choral art collectives are given.

Conducting and researching the peculiarities of the formation of a cultural and educational environment in the conditions of an art institution of higher education made it possible to identify the main trends and characteristics of the development of such an environment. They are the following: the formation of the spiritual culture of youth, the assimilation of universal and national values, professional development, the formation of performing skills, the realization of individual creative abilities, and moral and aesthetic education in the conditions of the artistic collective and through the collective, readiness for active artistic and creative activity.
ETHNO PEDAGOGICAL ASPECT OF EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE ETHNO CULTURAL CONTENT OF FUTURE HUMANITARIAN SPECIALISTS
Authors: Cherniavska O. , Chechotka A.
Published: April 2023

In the article, based on the awareness of the practical component of the training of future specialists in the field of humanitarianism (culturologists, historians, religious scholars, philologists, philosophers) for ethno cultural professional activity, the folk-pedagogical aspect of the relevant content of educational practices of higher education students is characterized. It has been found that a significant amount of the content of the ethno cultural activity of humanitarian specialists is mutual based on ethnological and folk-pedagogical components and appropriate technological means.

Based on the provisions of ethno pedagogy and ethno psychology, the specifics and integrity of the system of ethno pedagogical influences on the child are outlined:

– from the period of the mother’s pregnancy to the first days after birth (magical actions of the midwife, choosing a name, behavior of a pregnant woman, etc.);

– during early childhood (mother’s lullaby, methods of physical development, maternal and children's folklore);

– during the period of personality formation and development (family upbringing, the example of father and mother, work skills, economic traits).

A number of tasks are proposed that can be implemented by future specialists in the humanitarian field in the process of educational practices. They are the following: the systematization of folk-pedagogical knowledge and ethno-pedagogical methods of raising children and youth, research of folk-pedagogical aspects (customs, traditions, and rituals), usage of rituals as a complex of ethno cultural actions aimed at self-development in the profession.

It has been concluded that the folk-pedagogical aspect of the content of the ethno cultural activity of future specialists in the humanitarian field has the potential to be implemented in educational practices. It stimulates the study by future historians, philologists, philosophers, and religious experts, culturologists of the basics of folk education of children of different ages, family pedagogy, folk deontology, child studies, and another crucial folk pedagogical knowledge. The tasks of educational practices proposed in this study are of a scientific and research nature and will contribute to the awareness of future humanities specialists of the specifics of their ethno cultural activity in the chosen profession.
QUEST TECHNOLOGY AS AN INNOVATIVE FORM OF ORGANIZING LEISURE ACTIVITIES FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS
Authors: Kobobel A.
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to the reflection on the practice of scientific research regarding the implementation, first of all, of the creative achievements of Ukrainian scientists and foreign researchers in the field of innovative pedagogical quest technology while organizing leisure activities for children with special educational needs. Disclosure of major aspects of the author’s experience is significant for practicing teachers and students of higher education at pedagogical universities, which allows them to spread such experience to a broad educational community. It is recommended to pay attention to the essence of the term «quest technology» as an innovative form of organizing leisure activities for children with special educational needs, which contributes to the development of their memory, attention, observation, ingenuity, analytical abilities, and communication skills; and also – to use the main models of reality quests and web quests tested by the author. When organizing leisure activities for children with special educational needs, it is advisable to use reality quests containing intellectual, sports, and creative tasks. According to the author, reality quests provide leisure activities for children with special educational needs with intellectual, environmental, tourist, local history, creative, sports, career guidance, research, search, expedition, thematic, interdisciplinary, animation, fantasy projects, etc. In the conditions of martial law, the spread of the use of remote technologies contributes to the implementation of the web quest model; web quests is an interactive educational simulator that promotes the development of children with special educational needs, the formation of their professional competences, the desire for game, educational, project, research, experimental and leisure activities using Internet resources. The algorithm of sequential actions for creating and executing web quests is defined. The procedure for implementing web quests for children of different age categories has been formulated.