bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Water Spray Devices
Authors: Lugassy A.A. , Lautenschlager E.P. , Katrana D.
Published: November 2010

Five pulsating and four continuous, commercially available, water spray devices were evaluated. Rate of discharge, rate of pulsation, force and velocity of spray, stream shape, and spray action were studied. Damage with regular use of a continuous water spray on a zinc phosphate cement was minimal.
Determination of Growth Rates by Tetracycline Labeling in Guinea Pig Palates
Authors: Soni Narendar N. , Messer Ken B.
Published: November 2010

A surface planimeter was used to assess tetracycline-labeled regions of undecalcified sections of the palates of ten male guinea pigs. High to low values for labeled bone were found in the palatal alveolar process, the median palatine suture, and the basal bone, respectively. Also present were statistically significant age-associated differences.
An Ethylene Imine Derivative as a Temporary Crown and Bridge Material
Authors: Braden M. , Causton B. , Clarke R.L.
Published: November 2010

An ethylene imine temporary crown material was investigated. Two advantages were found compared with acrylic resin, but mechanical weaknesses suggest that the material should be of temporary use only.
Oral Health in Guatemalan Rural Populations
Authors: Kuftinec Mladen M.
Published: November 2010

In three Guatemalan rural populations absence of preventive measures, lack of oral hygiene, and poor diet were associated with severe dental caries. Young subjects with deciduous teeth had a higher incidence of caries than previously reported. Good masticatory functional patterns prevailed.
Traumatic Disruption of the Developing Incisor in Rats
Authors: Levy Bernard A.
Published: November 2010

Physical trauma to the developing rat incisor caused impaction of the incisor and a complete loss of the ameloblastic layer. No ankylosis was observed, but the incisor did not erupt. Anomalous tooth formation resulted and cysts developed.
Design of Partial Denture Components: I. Middle Palatal Bars
Authors: Barbenel J.C.
Published: November 2010

An analysis of the effect of length and curvature on the load deformation characteristics of palatal bars that can be represented by arcuate beams is presented. The width and thickness required to produce palatal bars of equal rigidity for different lengths are deduced and presented as a nomogram.
Fluoride Concentrations in Molars of Rats Fed a Fluoridated Diet
Authors: Mellberg J.R. , Larson R.H.
Published: November 2010

Fluoride content was determined in molars of rats that were fed a nonfluoridated diet or a diet fluoridated to 20 ppm fluoride. First molars of rats from all groups contained the least fluoride, whereas third molars contained the most. The fluoridated diet increased all enamel fluoride concentrations. The increase was greatest in third molars and appeared to be correlated with the duration of systemic fluoride exposure.
Development of Multisurface Caries in Susceptible and Resistant Rats
Authors: Rosen S. , Durbin W.M.
Published: November 2010

Sublines of Hunt-Hoppert caries-susceptible rats showed higher sulcal and smooth surface caries scores than Hunt-Hoppert caries-resistant rats when exposed to microflora obtained from Osborne-Mendel rats and fed a high sucrose diet.
Bone Lipids: In Vitro Synthesis in Bicarbonate and Phosphate Buffers
Authors: Dirksen Thomas R.
Published: November 2010

Calvaria from new-born rats were incubated with 14C-acetate in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate or phosphate buffer of varying pH to study lipid synthesis. Lipid radioactivity was always greater in bones incubated in phosphate buffer. No optimum pH value was observed between pH 6.5 and 7.5.
Life History of Experimentally Induced Acute Oral Candidiasis in the Rat
Authors: Adams D. , Jones J.H.
Published: November 2010

A simple method of oral inoculation with Candida albicans was used to study the course of candidiasis in the rat. Changes in the pattern of keratinization of the epithelium were prevalent with minimal involvement of the underlying corium at the site of infection.
Enamel Conditioning for Fluoride Treatments
Authors: Katz Simon , Muhler Joseph C. , Beck Carl W.
Published: November 2010

One of the limiting factors of the fluoride-enamel reaction is the close proximity of the enamel crystals. We proposed to loosen the structure of enamel somewhat to cause a favorable reaction with fluoride. The final phase of the process, for which the name enamel conditioning is proposed, is the retightening of the enamel structure (triggered by fluoride ions) and the incorporation of fluoride into the enamel crystals.
Influence of Cocoa and Sugar in Milk on Dental Caries Incidence
Authors: Dunning James M. , Hodge Archibald T.
Published: November 2010

A study of four groups of individuals 9 to 25 years of age showed no statistically significant increases in caries when sugar and cocoa were added to whole milk. Addition to milk of both sugar and cocoa resulted in caries findings that were higher by borderline significance than those with milk that contained cocoa but no sugar.
Vascularization of the Periodontal Tissues in the Adult Laboratory Rat
Authors: Garfunkel A. , Sciaky I.
Published: November 2010

A study was undertaken to find a standard method that would be relatively reproducible and would visualize the vascular changes in hard and soft tissues that accompany pathologic changes. Each tooth and its surroundings were found to have a complex vascular network that is directed to its particular function. Also each network is closely connected with other vascular networks; they form a complex blood supply source which, when necessary, can easily provide a compensatory blood supply.
Incidence of Immediate and Delayed Hypersensitivity to Candida albicans in Denture Stomatitis
Authors: Davenport J.C. , Wilton J.M.A.
Published: November 2010

The incidence of immediate and delayed hypersensitivity to Candida albicans in 45 patients with denture stomatitis and 100 control patients was investigated. No increase in this incidence was found; it is suggested, therefore, that allergy to the fungus is probably not the cause of denture stomatitis.
Mechanism of Maxillary Growth in the Human Cyclops
Authors: Latham R.A.
Published: November 2010

Histological examination of two specimens of cyclopia indicated that maxillary growth was not hindered seriously by the absence of nasal structures. The maxillas showed normal patterns of bone deposition on posterior and superior surfaces, and appearances suggested that growth by acting against the adjacent masses of fatty tissue may be a basic factor in the mechanism that causes downward and forward displacement of the maxilla.
Lysis of Cariogenic and Noncariogenic Oral Streptococci with Lysozyme
Authors: Coleman S.E. , Van de Rijn Ivo , Bleiweis A.S.
Published: November 2010

A method is described for lysing cariogenic and noncariogenic streptococci with lysozyme. It suggests that the lysozyme may affect oral populations of streptococci.
DNA-DNA Hybridization Studies of Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Coykendall A.L. , Daily O.P. , Kramer M.J. , Beath M.E.
Published: November 2010

Deoxyribonucleic acid reassociation experiments showed that Streptococcus mutans is a genetically heterogeneous species. The strains studied were classified into four groups. The genetic groups correlated with differences in electrophoretic patterns of cell proteins and morphologic differences. The genetic groups also correlated with antigenic groups proposed by others.
Odontognathic Discrimination of United States Indian and Eskimo Groups
Authors: Matis John A. , Zwemer Thomas J.
Published: November 2010

Selected measurements from dental casts of 216 individuals in four groups of Indians and one group of Eskimos were subjected to discriminant analysis. Eskimos and Indians could be distinguished at least 90% of the time. Discrimination among Indian tribes was 60% accurate.
Intracellular Localization of Monoamine Oxidase in Mammalian Salivary Glands
Authors: Harada Minoru , Ōya Haruhisa , Nakano Gōjiro , Kuzuya Hiroshi , Nagatsu Toshiharu
Published: November 2010

Intracellular distribution of monoamine oxidase in the submaxillary gland of the human, cat, rat, and bovine, and in the parotid gland of the bovine, were determined using kynuramine as a substrate. The excretion of the enzyme in the parotid saliva of humans was also examined by sensitive fluorometric methods.
Collagenolysis in Cultured Tissue: II. Role of Mast Cells
Authors: Taylor A. Cecil
Published: November 2010

Lysis of collagen fibers in mesenteries cultured with explants of gingival tissue occurred around degranulating mast cells and their dispersed granules. The mast cell effect was not destroyed by heating the mesentery and was augmented by heparin and vitamin A. Mast cells may function in the control of tissue collagen breakdown through release of an enzyme activator.
Whole-Body Autoradiography of the Distribution of 125I-Thyrocalcitonin in Mice
Authors: Hicks E.P. , Cooper C.W. , Waddell W.J.
Published: November 2010

The distribution of 125I-thyrocalcitonin in male mice was studied by whole-body autoradiography. At six minutes after injection the highest accumulation of radioactivity was seen in the renal cortex, liver, blood, thyroid gland, bile, and urine. At 20 and 60 minutes there was a rapid decline of radioactivity in the blood and liver and a decided increase in the submaxillary gland, stomach, thyroid gland, urine, and bile. No specific sites of accumulation were noted in bone. Incubation of labeled thyrocalcitonin with mouse serums for as long as 60 minutes revealed significant alteration of the chromatoelectrophoretic properties but no detectable deiodination. Rapid deiodination and degradation of the hormone in blood and other tissues restricted interpretation of the autoradiograms at later time intervals.
Epidemiologic Study of Tooth Size Variability in Cariesfree Naval Recruits
Authors: Keene Harris J.
Published: November 2010

Mesiodistal tooth crown diameters of 387 caries-free naval recruits were systematically smaller than those of similar populations reported in the literature. Within the cariesfree group, tooth size varied with hypodontia, birth weight, and malocclusion. Geographic variation in tooth size was explained partially by lack of inter-regional homogeneity in hypodontia or low birth weight frequencies or both.
Eugenol: Some Pharmacologic Observations
Authors: Sticht Frank D. , Smith Roy M.
Published: November 2010

Eugenol introduced directly into the circulatory system of the dog caused a strong but transient reduction in arterial blood pressure and myocardial contractile force, without appreciably changing heart rate or electric activity. Intra-arterial injection of the drug resulted in increased blood flow to the region.
Relationship of Fluid Transport Through the Dentin to the Incidence of Dental Caries
Authors: Steinman Ralph R. , Leonora John
Published: November 2010

The rate of fluid movement in the teeth of 28-day-old rats is inversely related to the incidence of dental caries after 13 weeks of the same diets. The early hypomineralization found in the dentin at 28 days is a result of altered metabolism imposed by a reduced rate of fluid transport in the rats fed a cariogenic diet.
Effect of Fat-Free Diet on Ameloblasts and Enamel Formation in Incisors of Rats
Authors: Prout R.E.S. , Tring F.C.
Published: November 2010

A deficiency of essential fatty acids in the diet has been found to produce histologic changes in the enamel organ and the enamel matrix of incisors of rats.
Incorporation of Fluoride by Human Enamel: II. An Exothermic Chemical Process
Authors: Stearns Robert I.
Published: November 2010

The conversion of hydroxyapatite to fluorapatite and the diffusion of fluoride into enamel from acidulated phosphate-fluoride solutions are both exothermic chemical processes. Thus, the postulate that these topical fluoride applications to enamel tend to form fluorapatite is sound thermodynamically.
Chemical Changes of Flattened Enamel Surfaces with in Vitro Weak Acid Demineralization
Authors: Krutchkoff David J. , Rowe Nathaniel H.
Published: November 2010

Infrared internal reflection spectroscopy (IRS) was used to study changes in surface chemistry of enamel after in vitro weak acid demineralization. Hypotheses that relate previous histomorphologic observations to current IRS findings are discussed.
Effect of Actinobolin on Nucleic Acid and Protein Synthesis in Streptococcus faecalis
Authors: Hunt D.E. , Narkates Annie J.
Published: November 2010

Actinobolin, an antibiotic that is inhibitory in vitro for cariogenic streptococci and that has strong cariostatic activity in vivo, appears to exert a bacteriostatic effect on Streptococcus faecalis. In S faecalis, the primary action of actinobolin seems to be in protein synthesis.
Radioautographic Evidence of 3H-Tryptophan Incorporation in Secretory Cells of Rat Submandibular Glands
Authors: Hanks C.T. , Chaudhry A.P.
Published: November 2010

Tritiated tryptophan was injected intravenously into male rats, and the submandibular glands were removed at time intervals up to three hours after injection. Grain counts were made on light and electron microscope radioautographs to determine the effects on the amino acid.
Hypoplastic Enamel Defects in the Guinea Pig: Effects of β-Streptococcal Infections, Fever, Abscess Formation, and Ether Anesthesia
Authors: Elwood William K.
Published: November 2010

β-Streptococcal infection and its sequelae did not play a significant role in the development of hypoplastic enamel defects. Hypoplastic enamel faults occurred that could not be related to any of the experimental procedures. A genetic or other component may influence the susceptibility of guinea pigs to hypoplastic enamel lesions.
Thermogravimetric Experiments on Tooth Carbonates
Authors: Holager Jens
Published: November 2010

A torsion thermobalance was used for a continued investigation of tooth material. The results confirmed the author's previous findings about water, possible crystalline water, protein, and the unknown phase at about 750 C that is considered a double carbonate of calcium and magnesium. CaCOs and MgCOs were not detected; the limit of detection is 0.25 and 0.50%, of weight, respectively.
Strontium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphorus Content of Rat Incisors as Determined by Electron Microprobe Analysis
Authors: Johnson A.R.
Published: November 2010

Divalent cation and phosphorus content of normal and strontium-laden rat maxillary incisors was determined by electron microprobe analysis. A high positive correlation of magnesium and strontium distributions was found. Where strontium was elevated, calcium was only slightly depressed. Phosphorus appeared to be distributed randomly.
A Variable Influencing Tooth Eruption Age Differences Between Groups
Authors: Debrot Adolphe
Published: November 2010

The eruption age of the permanent canine, first premolar, and second premolar were compared between two groups of children using cross-sectional data. Two eruption ages were determined for each of the tooth types and both ages were compared between the two groups. This approach is presented as a means of negating the influence of differences in the time interval for a tooth type on eruption age differences between groups.
A New Series of X-Ray-Opaque Reinforcing Fillers for Composite Materials
Authors: Bowen R.L. , Cleek G.W.
Published: November 2010

Clear, colorless glasses that absorb roentgen rays were prepared by melting together compounds yielding silica, barium oxide, boric oxide, and alumina. Barium oxide made the glasses radiopaque and gave the desired refractive index. Boric oxide lowered the melt viscosity, and alumina tended to stabilize the glasses. Some of these glasses seem to be suitable for use as the reinforcing fillers for composite dental restorative materials.
Spatial Distribution of Cells in Mitotic and DNA-Synthetic Phases of the Cell Cycle in Hamster Cheek Pouch Epithelium
Authors: Gibbs S. Julian , Casarett George W.
Published: November 2010

The spatial distributions of dividing and DNA-synthesizing cells in sections of cheek pouch epithelium of Chinese hamsters were subjected to four statistical tests for randomness. The results were consistent with, and provided statistical support for, the observation that localized regions of high mitotic and labeling indices occur in this tissue, separated by broad zones of low activity.
Relative Effectiveness of Certain Chemosterilizers on Selected Microbial Species
Authors: Malveaux F.J. , Whitehurst V.E. , Magerman L.A.
Published: November 2010

Bacterial effectiveness of five different disinfectants was tested when microorganisms were absorbed to both porous and nonporous surfaces in the presence and absence of protein. These chemosterilizers were most active against microorganisms used to coat nonporous surfaces in the absence of protein. Organisms survived optimally when porous surfaces were precoated with protein.
Radioautographic Labeling in Placentas and Fetal Palatal Shelves After Maternal Injections of Tritiated Cortisone in A/Jax Mice
Authors: Wood Norman K. , Marks Allan D. , Schmitz Donald D. , Bowman Douglas C. , Toto Patrick D.
Published: November 2010

Tritiated cortisone was injected into pregnant A/Jax mice after a loading dose of cortisone on day 12 of pregnancy. Radioautographic studies of 160 placentas and fetal palatal shelves revealed: (1) significant labeling in all placental and fetal palatal tissue; (2) a variation in degree of labeling of fetal palates from different mothers; (3) no variation of degree of labeling in proximal or distal fetuses; and (4) a positive correlation in the degree of labeling in corresponding placentas and shelves.
Laminate Reinforced Dental Amalgam
Authors: Petersen E. Albert , Freedman George
Published: November 2010

The flexural strength of amalgam specimens was increased significantly by the application of ductile metal laminates in regions that are subjected to tensile forces and perpendicular to the direction of the applied force. Laminates were silver-tin alloy, pure gold, pure silver, and silver-plated stainless steel. The embedded stainless steel laminate in a thickness of 0.0015 inches was the most effective. Substantial strengthening also was noted with an embedded stainless steel laminate in a Class II restoration of a typodont tooth.
Thermal Fatigue in Teeth
Authors: Brown W.S. , Jacobs H.R. , Thompson R.E.
Published: November 2010

This paper presents the results of experiments conducted with extracted human and bovine teeth. The teeth were subjected to thermal cycling at temperatures between 140 and 90 F. The results offer conclusive evidence that thermal fracture may be induced by the thermal stresses caused by the temperature cycling. Less than 3,000 thermal cycles cause severe cracking or the propagation of cracks previously existing in the teeth, or both.
Observations on the Implantation and Transmission of Streptococcus mutans in Humans
Authors: Jordan H.V. , Englander H.R. , Engler W.O. , Kulczyk S.
Published: November 2010

One parent from each of 26 families was reinfected with a strain of Streptococcus mutans that was isolated from his mouth and made resistant to streptomycin. The person-to-person spread of S mutans in their families was studied. No uniform spread of the organisms occurred.
Use of Mathematical Models in the Study of Structure-Toxicity Relationships of Dental Compounds: I. Esters of Acrylic and Methacrylic Acids
Authors: Lawrence W.H. , Bass G.E. , Purcell W.P. , Autian J.
Published: November 2010

The toxicity of a series of esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids was determined in groups of mice, and the resultant LD50values were analyzed with the use of the mathematical models of Free and Wilson and of Hansch to relate structure of the compounds to toxicity. Both models proved valuable in relating structures to toxicity parameters, but the more useful method for predicting toxicity was the Hansch model.
Comparison of the Caries-Producing Properties of Diets 2700, 2000, and Modifications of 2000 in Rats
Authors: Shaw James H.
Published: November 2010

Diet 2000 did not support as rapid growth as did diet 2700, even when supplemented simultaneously with protein, unsaturated fats, B-complex and fat-soluble vitamins, and minerals. With some strain variation, the mineral mixture as a supplement to diet 2000 caused reductions in caries activity in occlusal sulci and on smooth surfaces to about the same levels observed with diet 2700. Sucrose and confectioner's sugar fed alone alternating with laboratory meal were about equally capable of supporting caries.
Spiramycin Excretion in Animals: II. Repeated Oral Doses in Rats
Authors: Leung F.C. , Gardner J.M. , Paor W.S. , Yankell S.L.
Published: November 2010

After 7 to 14 spiramycin doses, plasma and selected tissues were assayed for residual antibiotic. Plasma contained detectable spiramycin only in samples taken 24 hours after the last 400 mg/kg dose. After 100 to 400 mg/kg levels, spiramycin remained in mandibular gingiva and bone at least seven days. Parotid and submaxillary glands contained antibiotic 24 hours after 25 to 400 mg/kg doses and 14 to 21 days after 400 mg/kg doses.
Effects of Various Topical Fluorides on Subsequent Mineralization and Dissolution of Enamel
Authors: Jeansonne B.G. , Feagin F.F.
Published: November 2010

Acid-etched surfaces of enamel were given topical applications of neutral NaF, acid NaF, APF, and SnF2 solutions (about 1% F in each). After a four hour delay following topical application, the surfaces were mineralized in a calcium phosphate solution and then subjected to acid dissolution. Fluoride released from the enamel surfaces was measured during mineralization and subsequent acid dissolution. Results of both processes, and the fluoride released during both processes, indicate that a neutral NaF gave the best results.
Surface Topography: Its Influence on Wetting and Adhesion in a Dental Adhesive System
Authors: Eick J.D. , Johnson L.N. , Fromer J.R. , Good R.J. , Neumann A.W.
Published: November 2010

The fracture surface between bovine dentin and enamel and a dental cement was observed at magnifications up to 10,000× by use of the scanning electron microscope. The topography of the tooth structure played an important role in the formation of an adhesive bond and in the fracture pattern of an adhesive joint, even when cohesive failure was involved.
Desorption of Salivary Proteins from Hydroxyapatite by Phytic Acid and Glycerophosphate and the Plaque-Inhibiting Effect of the Two Compounds In Vivo
Authors: Nordbö Hakon , Rölla Gunnar
Published: November 2010

The capacity of phytic acid and glycerophosphate to desorb salivary proteins from hydroxyapatite was studied in vitro. Phytic acid had a high capacity for desorption; the capacity of glycerophosphate was considerably lower. In vivo experiments showed that both substances were capable of reducing plaque formation; phytic acid had a greater effect. The results may offer an explanation of the cariostatic effect of these substances.
Epidemiology of Gingivitis and Calculus in a Marmoset Colony
Authors: Friedman Lawrence A. , Levy Barnet M. , Ennever John
Published: November 2010

Gingivitis and calculus were documented in a marmoset colony. Gingivitis was prevalent in 96% of the marmosets examined, and calculus was present in 100%. Significant interspecies differences in the severity of gingivitis and the abundance of calculus were observed.
Thermal Properties of Nonmetallic Restorative Materials
Authors: Civjan Simon , Barone Joseph J. , Reinke Paul E. , Selting Wayne J.
Published: November 2010

Thermal capacity, diffusivity, and conductivity were determined for nonmetallic restorative materials. Thermal characteristics were affected by composition, powder-liquid ratio, and water sorption. Diffusivity and conductivity followed the same order of values. The least conductive material investigated was an unfilled acrylic resin. Highest diffusivities and conductivities were exhibited by a resin composite. Values obtained with the composite were about the same as those obtained for a thick mix of unmodified zinc oxide-eugenol cement.
14C-Eugenol: I. Synthesis, Polymerization, and Use
Authors: Weinberg Jacob E. , Rabinowitz Joseph L. , Zanger Murray , Gennaro Alfonso R.
Published: November 2010

The mixture of eugenol and zinc oxide resulted in a lignin-like polymer; this was verified by spectroscopy. 14C-eugenol with high specific activity was synthesized and administered intraperitoneally to rats. 14C-eugenol was subsequently found in all tissues. Chromatography was used for separation and quantitation of this compound.
Preliminary Evidence of Periodontal Disease in Lemmus trimucronatus Skulls from Northern Alaska
Authors: Shalla Clayton L.
Published: November 2010

A random collection of 100 Lemmus trimucronatus skulls obtained on the tundra near Point Barrow, Alaska, were examined for evidence of periodontal disease. Alveolar bone pathosis was observed in 26% of the skulls. The severity or frequency of this disorder in lemming populations may show cyclic fluctuations that can be correlated with the cyclic fluctuations of population density.
Effect of Removal of Molars on Weight Increase and Food Intake in Albino Rats
Authors: Gyimesi J. , Zelles T.
Published: November 2010

Experimental extraction of molars, which rendered mastication impossible, reduced the rate of growth of young albino rats in comparison with controls. When free choice between granular and solid food was allowed, the rats with inhibited mastication preferred the food of granular consistency. A significant depression of growth rate in the rats deprived of chewing ability was noted, even when compared with pair-fed control rats that had received the same amount of food.
Fluoride Transport Out of Solutions Containing Hydrophilic Colloids
Authors: Nelson Kenneth G. , Farng Kwang Fu
Published: November 2010

Fluoride transport rates out of sodium fluoride solutions containing hydrophilic colloids were studied as a function of the concentration and type of colloid. Under certain conditions, anionic and nonionic polymers increased the rate of fluoride transport out of the solution even though the viscosity increased concomitantly.
Lateral Dominance, Pain Perception, and Pain Tolerance
Authors: Newton A.V. , Mumford J.M.
Published: November 2010

It has been suggested that lateral dominance influences pain perception and pain tolerance ; but when electric stimulation was used on human teeth, there appeared to be no difference in the pain perception threshold values on each side of the midline. Pain tolerance values seem to support the suggestion, but the results were not statistically significant.
Dispersion Staining, Dispersion, and Refractive Indices in Early Enamel Caries
Authors: Besic Frank C. , Wiemann M.R.
Published: November 2010

Dispersion staining and the Becke Line Method were used to obtain refractive index values from undecalcified sections of 20 human tooth specimens that exhibited early carious lesions. Characteristic dispersion staining curves and dispersion curves for noncarious enamel, the zone of deepest penetration in carious enamel, and carious enamel external to the deepest zone, are presented.
Patient Anxiety in the Dentist's Office
Authors: Lamb Douglas H. , Plant Richard
Published: November 2010

Patient anxiety during three phases of a dental appointment indicated that subjectively experienced anxiety increased as treatment approached and dramatically decreased after treatment. The amount of anxiety change was different for men and women. Implications for anxiety reduction in the dentist's office are discussed.
Morphologic Development of the Human Fetal Labial Salivary Glands
Authors: Goodman A.S. , Stern I.B.
Published: November 2010

The human upper and lower labial salivary glands appear at about 65 gestational days; all of the buds appear at about the same time. The glands seem to be morphologically mature at about 179 gestational days with predominately mucous acini surrounded by serous demilunes. The excretory duct usually has a single lumen.
Chemical and Antigenic Properties of the Cell Wall of Actinomyces viscosus (Strain T6)
Authors: Reed Michael J.
Published: November 2010

Pure cell wall of Actinomyces viscosus (T6) was isolated and its chemical composition was determined. The major antigen of the cell wall was the peptidoglycan. This component was similar to other bacterial peptidoglycans in its polysaccharide and peptide subunits. Quantitative chemical analysis, however, indicated a cross-bridge structure that has not been reported previously in other bacterial species.
Functional Control of Intrapulpal Vasculature: II. Physiologic Evidence of a Sympathetic Cholinergic Vasoactive System
Authors: Weiss R.C. , Tansy M.F. , Chaffee R.B. , Kendall F.M.
Published: November 2010

Experiments performed with anesthetized dogs confirmed the earlier observation that electric stimulation of the sympathetic portion of a cut cervical vagosympathetic trunk produced a decrease in ipsilateral intrapulpal blood pressure in the maxillary canine. This depressor response persisted in adrenergically depleted or blocked dogs, but it could be reduced or abolished by intravenous administration of atropine.
Effects of Acrylic Restorations on the Periodontium of Monkeys
Authors: Nasjleti Carlos E. , Castelli Walter A. , Keller Benjamin E.
Published: November 2010

Replanted teeth that had an acrylic restoration in the middle third of their roots were studied from three days to six months after grafting. The study revealed that the acrylic obturator elicited epithelial proliferation, fibrous encapsulation, moderate chronic inflammation, and adjacent alveolar bone loss.
Effects of Local Anesthetics on Epinephrine- and Norepinephrine-Induced Contractions of Rabbit Aortic Strips
Authors: Deasy M.J. , Di Stefano V.
Published: November 2010

Rabbit aortic strips were used to investigate and compare the interactions of epinephrine and norepinephrine with cocaine, procaine, and lidocaine. Cocaine potentiated responses to epinephrine and norepinephrine. Responses to epinephrine were antagonized by procaine and lidocaine and responses to norepinephrine were potentiated. Lidocaine possessed some intrinsic activity.
Cholesterol Side-Chain Degradation and Cleft Palate Development in the Rat
Authors: Ursick J.A. , Israelsen L.D. , Shaw D.H.
Published: November 2010

The teratogenic action of cholesterol in developing rat fetuses was evaluated by the use of 14C-4, 3H-7, and 14C-26 labeled cholesterol. A comparison of radioactivity present in the fetuses indicated that the teratogenic activity of this steroid resides in a metabolite of cholesterol rather than in the intact molecule.
Bonding of Alkyl 2-Cyanoacrylates to Human Dentin and Enamel
Authors: Beech D.R.
Published: November 2010

The influence of water immersion and acid etching on the bonding of methyl, ethyl, a thickened ethyl, and isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylates to human enamel and dentin was studied. In general, the ethyl and isobutyl homologues gave the strongest, most durable bonds. Adhesion to dentin is probably the result of chemical combination.
Kinetic Calcium, Phosphate, and Fluoride Dissolution After Topical Fluoride Application to Intact Enamel Surfaces
Authors: Feagin F.F. , Jeansonne B.G. , Caghren A. Mc
Published: November 2010

In a system without accumulation of products dissolved from enamel, the total mineral dissolved was reduced by about 10% for NaF- and SnF2-treated surfaces and was increased by about 10% for APF-treated surfaces. Accumulation in solution of products dissolved from the enamel surfaces enhanced surface remineralization to account for a net decreased dissolution as compared with dissolution without accumulation of products.
Effects of Nutrition on the Composition of Tooth Lipids and Fatty Acids in Rats: I. The Effect of Dietary Carbohydrate on Fatty Acid Composition of Rat Teeth
Authors: Alam Syed Q. , Harris Robert S.
Published: November 2010

The fatty acid composition of rat molars and incisors was essentially the same whether starch or sucrose was the dietary carbohydrate. A slight increase in palmitic acid and decrease in unsaturated fatty acids was noted in the rats fed starch as compared with those fed sucrose.
Threshold Levels for Displacement of Human Teeth in Response to Laterally Directed Forces
Authors: Lear Clement S.C. , Mackay John S. , Lowe Alan A.
Published: November 2010

Threshold levels for the relationship of force magnitude to force duration to tooth displacement were recorded. It is apparent that the forces produced by the buccolingual muscles at "rest" could cause tooth displacement and may thereby influence individual tooth location and dental arch form.
Viscoelastic Properties of Soft Lining Materials
Authors: Braden M. , Clarke R.L.
Published: November 2010

Viscoelastic properties of denture soft liners were measured with a torsional pendulum apparatus. Several soft acrylic and silicone materials and one natural rubber compound were studied. Available proprietary materials exhibit a wide range of elastic moduli; soft acrylic materials have high mechanical hysteresis compared with silicone materials.
Heats of Adsorption of Ammonia and Carbon Dioxide on Tooth Components
Authors: Loebenstein William V.
Published: November 2010

Adsorption of carbon dioxide and ammonia on human tooth components each were measured at five different temperatures. The surface areas and isosteric heats of adsorption that resulted were combined to yield a criterion for comparing the strengths of adhesives based on their chemically reactive groups.
Effects of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of two Nickel-Chromium-Based Casting Alloys
Authors: Civjan Simon , Huget Eugene F. , Godfrey Gerald D. , Lichtenberger Heiner , Frank William A.
Published: November 2010

Mechanical and heat treatment characteristics of two nickel-chromium-based dental casting alloys were investigated. Both alloys showed rapid response to heat treatment. In their softened state the alloys lost 25 to 50% of their as-cast hardness. Elongation was 20 to 45%. Rehardening nearly restored as-cast strength, whereas elongation values remained at 10 to 17%.
Localization of Immunoglobulin A in Electrophoretic Patterns of Proteins from Human Parotid Saliva
Authors: Bellavia Salvador L. , Galmarini Mirian , Yantorno Carlos
Published: November 2010

Proteins from human parotid saliva were separated by use of a standardized technique of electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel. Several fractions were eluted from the gel and studied by immunochemical methods (immunodiffusion, hemagglutination, and immunoelectrophoresis). The presence of IgA was demonstrated in the three slowest bands of the pattern.
Studies in Dental Health Education: I. Effect of Antibiotic Prophylaxis on the Oral Hygiene and Periodontal Health of Young Men
Authors: Counsell Lee A.
Published: November 2010

The effect of mass, routine penicillin and sulfadiazine prophylaxis on the oral hygiene and periodontal health of young men was assessed. No differences referrable to the drug regime could be discerned between experimental and control groups.
Embryonic-Fetal Toxicity and Teratogenic Effects of a Group of Methacrylate Esters in Rats
Authors: Singh A.R. , Lawrence W.H. , Autian J.
Published: November 2010

Monomers of five methacrylate esters and acrylic acid were administered at three dose levels to female rats on days 5, 10, and 15 of gestation. The incidences of resorptions, dead fetuses, gross abnormalities, and skeletal malformations are presented for each of these groups. Mean fetal weights also were determined for each group, and those of the monomer-treated groups were significantly smaller (P ≤ 0.01) than those of the untreated controls.
The Different Relationship of the Sella Point to Growth Sites of the Cranial Base in Fetal Life
Authors: Latham R.A.
Published: November 2010

Histological observations of the fetal cranial base in 17 human specimens showed that the sella point was identified closely with the dorsum sellae, and occupied an intermediate position in relation to the growth sites of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis. The cancellous structure of the sphenoid bone clearly demonstrated that the pituitary fossa, and hence the sella, moved upward and backward during growth.
Effect of Aquaphor Ointment on Wound Healing
Authors: Little James W. , Bickley Harmon C. , Daugherty William B. , Bickley Christie
Published: November 2010

The effect of Aquaphor and petrolatum ointments on the healing of open granulating wounds in rats was studied. Wounds were observed up to ten days after wounding. The rate of wound contraction and epithelization was measured. Aquaphor- and petrolatum-treated wounds were significantly smaller by day ten. The rate of epithelization was retarded in treated wounds observed six days after wounding, but returned to normal by day ten.
Microstructural Differences in Silver-Tin Dental Amalgams Prepared from Chip and Spherical Alloy Particles
Authors: Wirjosumarto Harsono , Mateer Richard S.
Published: November 2010

X-ray diffraction data support the stoichiometric requirement of the silver-tin amalgamation reaction that "unreacted y" diminish with increasing mercury. But particles corresponding to the original shape are visible in commercial spherical alloy amalgams. This is a "ghost" microstructure that results from internal amalgamation along dendrite branches of particles that have not been homogenized.
A New Dental Superalloy System: I. Theory and Alloy Design
Authors: Mohammed Hamdi , Asgar Kamal
Published: November 2010

Basic factors that influence the physical metallurgy and the mechanical properties of cobalt-base alloys are discussed in this study; these factors include the coherency of the interphase interface, the stacking fault energy, and the average electron hole number. Control of these factors and considerations of corrosion resistance and body compatibility determined the compositions for alloys that fulfill dental requirements.
Fluoride Uptake and Acid Solubility of Enamel Exposed to Carboxylate Cement Containing MFP
Authors: Bitner T.J. , Wei Stephen H.Y.
Published: November 2010

Sound enamel had a significantly higher fluoride content when it was in contact for 7 or 30 days with a carboxylate cement to which 2% or 10% concentrations of sodium monofluorophosphate were added. The solubility of the intact enamel also was reduced by contact with the cement that contained MFP. No significant reduction in enamel solubility was observed when the non-fluoride-containing carboxylate cement was used.
Determination of Mercury in Parotid Fluid
Authors: Windeler A.S.
Published: November 2010

The method described for the analysis of mercury in parotid fluid involves aeration-reduction of mercury and measurement of absorption of the evolved mercury at 2,537 A. This procedure is quick, sensitive, and accurate and does not require the extraction of the element from the sample before analysis. The standard deviation for the method was 0.479 for samples of parotid fluid containing from 6 to 31 ng mercury per milliliter.
Statistical Tests for the OHI-S and PI: A Commentary
Authors: Erickson J. David
Published: November 2010

Empirical evidence obtained through the use of a Monte-Carlo sampling process justifies the use of parametric inference techniques with the OHI-S and PI in some instances.
Relationship Between Plaque Mineralization In Vitro and Calculus Formation In Vivo
Authors: Eilberg Ralph G. , Judy Kenneth , Iovino Eugene , Kornfeld Paul , Phelan Joan , Ellison Ruby
Published: November 2010

Twenty-four hour plaque samples from humans were tested for mineralizing activity. Dental calculus samples also were taken from the same individuals and data for each individual were correlated. Results showed a positive correlation between the mineralizing activity of a 24-hour plaque sample and the amount of dental calculus formed in the same individual's mouth.
Microprobe Analysis of Amalgam: I. Effect of Surface Preparation
Authors: Mahler David B. , Adey Jerome D. , Van Eysden Jan
Published: November 2010

The electron microprobe was used to study the effect of surface preparation on the quantitative analysis of amalgam. Silver-mercury contamination particles were identified. The effect of this contamination could be minimized with careful polishing procedures, followed by an immediate analysis in which these particles are avoided.
Structural Strength of the Interface Between Bone and Nondegradable Porous Ceramic Implants
Authors: Selting Wayne J. , Bhaskar Surindar N.
Published: November 2010

The strength of the interface between bone and uncoated, collagen-coated, and albumin-coated phosphate-bonded alumina implants was determined. Coating the ceramic had no effect on interface strength. The strength of the interface was significantly less than the strength of the repair tissue in normally healed bone.
Further Studies Concerning the Placental Transfer of Fluoride in the Rat
Authors: Katz Simon , Stookey George K.
Published: November 2010

Female rats were given 25 ppm fluoride as various fluoride compounds during gestation or 25 ppm fluoride as NaF during gestation and a pregestational period. Offspring were killed at birth and analyzed for fluoride. Fluoride compounds given during gestation resulted in comparable amounts of fluoride in the offspring, but a greater amount was observed in pups whose mothers received ZrOGeF6. Pregestational fluoride exposure increased the amount of transplacental fluoride transfer.
Laboratory Studies Concerning the Effect of Acid-Containing Beverages on Enamel Dissolution and Experimental Dental Caries
Authors: Mc Donald James L. , Stookey George K.
Published: November 2010

Studies were conducted to determine if acid-containing beverages afject adversely in vitro enamel dissolution and experimental dental caries, and if the addition of phosphate influences these systems. Results suggest that these beverages cause dissolution of enamel and produce enamel erosion in rat molars, regardless of the presence or absence of sucrose. Addition of NaH2PO4 reduced the damage to enamel.
Trimetaphosphate and Fluoride Actions on Mineralization at the Enamel-Solution Interface
Authors: Gonzalez M. , Jeansonne B.G. , Feagin F.F.
Published: November 2010

The presence of trimetaphosphate ions (TMP) in calcium phosphate solutions inhibited the rehardening of softened enamel surfaces. TMP decreased, whereas fluoride increased, the rates of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride reactions with etched enamel surfaces. The mechanisms of action of TMP and fluoride were independent of each other and possibly synergistic.
Some Relationships Between Microstructure and Strength of Ag3Sn and Dental Amalgam
Authors: Young F.A. , Wilsdorf H.G.F. , Paffenbarger G.C.
Published: November 2010

The microstructures of Ag3Sn and dental amalgam were analyzed to determine the nature of the variation of the tensile strength of dental amalgam containing mercury. Dental amalgam followed the laws of strengthening which have been developed to describe the tensile strengths of other alloy systems with variable phase percentages.
Changes in Facial Structures of Rats Caused by Supplements of Vitamin A and Lathyrus odoratus
Authors: Abramovich Abraham
Published: November 2010

Cleft palates were induced experimentally in rat fetuses by means of the teratogenic action of Lathyrus odoratus and vitamin A. The results showed that this malformation is associated with other facial anomalies; the nasal septum cartilage was reduced in height and the mandible became thicker.
Submerged Deciduous Molars in Preschool Children: An Epidemiologic Survey
Authors: Steigman S. , Koyoumdjisky-Kaye E. , Matrai Y.
Published: November 2010

Submerging of deciduous molars was examined in 1,042 preschool children. The process of submerging was detected as early as the age of 3 years. First deciduous molars were affected more often than second deciduous molars. Submerging was more frequent in the mandible than in the maxilla. Differences were found between sexes and between age groups.
Experimental Production of Lingual Carcinomas in Hamsters by Local Application of 9, 10-Dimethyl-l, 2-Benzanthracene
Authors: Fujita K. , Kaku T. , Sasaki M. , Onoe T.
Published: November 2010

Carcinoma of the tongue was readily induced in hamsters by triweekly applications of a carcinogen and concommitant trauma.
Lysis of Certain Organisms by the Synergistic Action of Complement and Lysozyme
Authors: Bladen H. , Hageage G. , Harr R. , Pollock F.
Published: November 2010

A study was made to determine the effect of lysozyme on certain oral organisms after exposure to guinea pig complement (C'). No effect was observed on gram-positive streptococci or strains of Actinomyces whether pretreated with C' or not. Strains of Veillonella, a gram-negative organism, were partially lysed by the synergistic action of C' and lysozyme. This reaction is described in detail.
Incisors of the Rabbit: Morphology, Histology, and Development
Authors: Hirschfeld Z. , Weinreb M.M. , Michaeli Y.
Published: November 2010

A detailed morphologic and histologic description of each deciduous and permanent incisor of the rabbit is presented, together with the chronology of their prenatal and postnatal development. The deciduous incisors are teeth of limited growth, but the permanent incisors grow continuously.
Effect of Biting Force on the Duration of the Masseteric Silent Period
Authors: Bessette Russell W. , Duda Lawrence , Mohl Norman D. , Bishop Beverly
Published: November 2010

The relationship of biting force to the duration of the masseteric silent period was studied. After introduction of a bite transducer in ten individuals, the jaw jerk reflex was elicited at specific decreases in biting force. No significant alteration in the duration of the silent period was observed.
Elasticity of Elastomer Impression Materials: I. Measurement of Young's Modulus of Elasticity and of the Coefficient of Elasticity
Authors: Kaloyannides Thanos M.
Published: November 2010

Young's modulus and the coefficient of elasticity were measured for all elastomer impression materials available in Greece. Silicone and polyether derivatives showed their best elastic properties immediately after mixing.
Trials of three Organic Phosphorus-Containing Compounds as Protective Agents Against Dental Caries in Rats
Authors: Grenby T.H.
Published: November 2010

More than 300 caries-susceptible rats were fed high sucrose diets; possible cariostatic phosphate compounds were administered by incorporation in the diets, in solution in the drinking water, or by topical application. Calcium glycerophosphate was more effective than sodium phytate in reducing caries, but calcium sucrose phosphate had no significant effect.
Dentinogenesis in Incisors of Rats Deficient in Essential Fatty Acids
Authors: Prout R.E.S. , Tring F.C.
Published: November 2010

Light microscopic examination was done of sagittal sections of mandibular incisors from Wistar rats maintained on a normal cube diet, a synthetic fat-supplemented diet and a fat-free diet. Extensive histologic changes were observed in odontoblasts and dentin formation in rats maintained on the fat-free diet. These changes were considered to be degenerative and to be concomitant with essential fatty acid deficiency.
Improvement in Abrasive Biopsy Sampling of Tooth Enamel
Authors: Mellberg J.R. , Nicholson C.R. , Englander H.R. , Keene H.J.
Published: November 2010

The abrasive biopsy technique for removal of enamel in vivo was modified by controlling the biopsy area, polishing speed, and pressure. These modifications resulted in greater uniformity of samples obtained by a single operator, as well as between different operators. A mean depth of 2.5 μm was obtained within the standardized area of the controlled biopsies.
Tensile Strength Distribution Study of a Dental Restorative Material
Authors: Torgalkar Anil M.
Published: November 2010

The statistical theory of strength was used to obtain tensile strength distribution curves of dental restorative specimens of differing volumes. The most probable tensile strength of Adaptic*† dental restorative material increased with a decrease in specimen volume within practical limits. The tensile strength distribution curves were unsymmetrical.