bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced capacitated next controller placement in software‐defined network with modified capacity constraint
Authors: Papasani Aravind , Varma G. P. Saradhi , Prasad Reddy P. V. G. D. , Yannam V. Ramanjaneyulu
Published: September 2024

Software‐defined networking (SDN) is an emerging networking architecture paradigm that decouples the control and data planes. The problem of figuring out the number and positions of controllers and mapping of switches to them is known as the controller placement problem. To provide the resilience against the failure of a controller, each switch is mapped to a primary controller (first reference controller or FRC) and a backup controller (second reference controller or SRC). An existing work aims to minimize the worst‐case latency (WCL) from switch to controller when a controller fails. But this work misses the constraint specifying the definition of a switch's SRC, which might cause an increase in the latency between some switches and their controllers in the event of a controller failure. In order to address this issue, a model is proposed in this paper by incorporating the missing constraint. But the addition of this constraint can potentially cause an increase in the minimum number of required controllers. In order to address this issue, a second model is proposed in this paper by modifying the capacity constraint based on the observation that the capacity of a controller need not be reserved for all the switches for which it acts as SRC. The two proposed models aim at minimizing the WCL from switch to controller when a controller fails. Three network topologies are used to test the proposed models and compare their performance with the existing model in terms of principal and subsidiary metrics. The results demonstrate that the proposed models perform on equal level with the existing model in terms of WCL from switch to SRC while outperforming it in terms of average latency (AL). For example, the first proposed model achieves an average AL reduction of 21.63%, 8.55%, and 25.13% compared with the existing model on three networks. Similarly, the second proposed model achieves an average AL reduction of 21.3%, 8.55%, and 24.19% in each network on three networks. Moreover, the second proposed model achieves a fair trade‐off between the minimum number of controllers required and AL while outperforming both the existing and the first proposed models in terms of the average percentage of reserved controller capacity.
Recent advances and challenges of cathode materials in aqueous rechargeable zinc‐ion batteries
Authors: Zou Yihui , Sun Jin , Chi Yulong , Cheng Xueyan , Yang Dongjiang
Published: September 2024

Aqueous Zn‐ion battery (AZIB) is a new type of secondary battery developed in recent years. It has the advantages of high energy density, high power density, efficient and safe discharge process, non‐toxic and cheap battery materials, simple preparation process, etc., and has high application prospects in emerging large‐scale energy storage fields such as electric vehicles and energy storage grids. Currently, one of the main factors hindering the further development of AZIBs batteries is the lack of suitable cathode materials. This article briefly introduces the advantages and energy storage mechanisms of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. Based on the crucial role of cathode materials in AZIBs, several common cathode materials (such as manganese‐based compounds, vanadium‐based compounds, nickel/cobalt‐based compounds, and lithium/sodium intercalated compounds) are reviewed, and strategies to improve their conductivity and cycling stability are summarized, focusing on modification strategies such as structural regulation, nanoengineering, doping modification, and compounding with high‐conductivity materials. The article also points out the key development directions for cathode materials of AZIBs in the future.
Comparative analysis of the gut microbiome of ungulate species from Qinghai–Xizang plateau
Authors: Wang Xibao , Gao Xiaodong , Chen Yao , Wu Xiaoyang , Shang Yongquan , Zhang Zhihao , Zhou Shengyang , Zhang Honghai
Published: September 2024

Several studies have investigated the gut bacterial composition of wild ungulates in the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau. However, the relationship between their gut microbiome dendrograms and their phylogenetic tree remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed 45 amplicons (V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene) from five wild ungulates—Pseudois nayaur, Pantholops hodgsonii, Gazella subgutturosa, Bos grunniens, and Equus kiang—from the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau to clarify the relationship between their phylogenies and gut microbiome dendrograms. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis indicated that G. subgutturosa is closely related to P. nayaur; however, these results were inconsistent with their phylogenetic trees. Additionally, the indicator genera in the microbiome of each wild ungulate showed strong associations with the diets and habitats of their host. Thus, diet and space niche differentiation may primarily account for the differences between the gut microbiome characteristics of these wild ungulates and their phylogeny. In summary, our research provides insights into the evolutionary factors influencing the gut microbiome of wild ungulates in the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau.
Active eDNA Is More Cost‐Effective Than Fyke Nets or Passive eDNA Collection When Monitoring the Invasion of an Alien Freshwater Fish
Authors: Morris Lenore , Beesley Leah S. , Stevens Emma R. , Gwinn Daniel C. , Hyde Josephine , Thompson Suzanne , Gleeson Deirdre B. , Douglas Michael M.
Published: September 2024

Monitoring alien species is critical to their management. However, early detection of invading alien freshwater fish can be challenging due to the difficulty of observing fish in low abundance. Environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as a new and potentially more sensitive method for sampling invasive species as compared to conventional methods, but the comparative financial cost is not often assessed. Adoption of eDNA by managers requires studies that showcase its cost‐effectiveness relative to conventional approaches. Here we use eDNA to assist in the management of an aggressive alien fish, the pearl cichlid (Geophagus brasiliensis), that is invading an urban river in south‐western Australia. We applied an occupancy model to survey data collected 6 years apart (2015, 2021) to assess how the species' distribution had changed and to evaluate whether an instream barrier had the potential to limit upstream invasion. To understand the effectiveness of eDNA, we used our model to quantify the relative efficiency (capture probability) of two eDNA sampling methods (active eDNA and passive eDNA) and fyke netting, as well as the number of replicate samples required per site to deliver >95% detection. We coupled the number of replicates needed with the cost per replicate to determine the cost‐efficiency of each method. We found that G. brasiliensis abundance was higher in downstream reaches in both survey years, and there was no evidence that its distribution had changed through time. However, G. brasiliensis was present above the instream barrier. Active eDNA sampling was considerably better at detecting G. brasiliensis than the other methods, making it the most cost‐effective method. Fyke nets came in a close second, and passive eDNA was a very distant third. Our results directly inform management in the study river and broadly highlight the cost‐effectiveness of active eDNA as a freshwater biosecurity tool.
Molten Flux Synthesis of Plutonium (IV) Silicates K2PuSi2O7 and Rb2PuSi6O15
Authors: Deason Travis K. , Morrison Gregory , Mofrad Amir , Amoroso Jake , DiPrete David , Besmann Theodore M. , Estes Shanna L. , zur Loye Hans‐Conrad
Published: September 2024

Few plutonium containing silicates have been reported in the literature and only one other tetravalent plutonium silicate structure has been reported using the flux growth method. With the goal of understanding actinide incorporation into silicates, we describe herein two new plutonium (IV) silicates, Rb2PuSi6O15 and K2PuSi2O7, synthesized using a mixed alkali chloride/alkali fluoride flux growth. Both structures crystallize in the C2/c space group with lattice parameters a=24.2980(10) Å, b=7.1466(3) Å, c=17.2025(8) Å and
96.6560(10)° for Rb2PuSi6O15, and a=9.9478(2) Å, b=5.59820 (10) Å, c=13.1848(2) Å, and
105.7400(10)° for K2PuSi2O7. Comparisons to the synthesis of other reported alkali actinide silicates (Ce, U, and Th) are made. Raman spectra and DFT calculations of formation enthalpies and vibrational modes provide confirmation of structure refinements and enhanced product characterization for comparison with other materials.
Associations between skating mechanical capabilities and off‐ice physical abilities of highly trained teenage ice hockey players
Authors: Glaude‐Roy Julien , Ducas Julien , Brunelle Jean‐François , Lemoyne Jean
Published: September 2024

This study examines the associations between force and velocity characteristics of forward skating and off‐ice speed, agility, and power of highly trained teenage ice hockey players. Players attending the Quebec ice hockey federation's off‐season evaluation camp were invited to participate in this study. Final sample consists of 107 highly trained teenage ice hockey players (Males: n = 38; 13.83 ± 0.38 years; Females: n = 69: 14.75 ± 0.90 years). Individual force–velocity profiles (F–V) were determined during a 44 m skating sprint. Off‐ice speed, agility, and power were measured using 30 m sprint, 5‐10‐5 agility, and standing long jump. Associations between F–V mechanical capabilities and off‐ice indicators were analyzed with correlational analyses and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results of pooled data indicate that the three off‐ice measures had moderate associations with F0 and V0 and large associations with Pmax. Associations with Rfmax, Drf, and Sfv were moderate to small. F0 had stronger associations with off‐ice performance in female players while V0 was more important with male players. MANCOVA identified 5‐10‐5 times as the better predictor for F0 while 30 m sprints times better predicted V0. To maximize physical attributes of skating ability, practitioners are encouraged to focus on a general physical preparation for highly trained teenage players. Prioritizing types of exercises that use change of direction or acceleration and linear speed should have distinct effects on F0 and V0 on the ice.
Nano Silicon Integrated Hard Carbon from Conjugated Microporous Polymer for High‐Efficient Lithium Storage
Authors: Shu Qiqi , Zhang Qingtang , Wu Xiaoyu , Xie Zhimin , Liang Chenli , Xie Zhengwei
Published: September 2024

It is a significant issue to develop silicon/carbon composite anode with high‐capacity and long cycling stability for lithium‐ion batteries. However, the huge volume expansion of silicon during lithiation leads to severe pulverization of silicon, resulting in serious capacity fading over cycles. Herein, nano silicon integrated hard carbon (20Si@HC, 20 wt% nano silicon) is prepared by pyrolyzing nano silicon in‐situ coated a conjugated microporous polymer (CMP). CMP‐derived hard carbon coating features developed porous structure, which not only deliver a high lithium storage capacity, but also provide enough space for the volume expansion of nano silicon. When evaluated as an anode for lithium‐ion batteries, the 20Si@HC delivers an impressive 1037 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and a capacity retention ratio of 72.07% for 100 cycles at 0.6 A g−1, providing some reference for designing high‐capacity silicon/carbon composites.
The reverse genetic as a potential of virus‐induced gene silencing in tomato biology
Authors: Tang Qiong , Wei Sishan , Chen Zexun , Zheng Xiaodong , Tu Pengcheng , Tao Fei
Published: September 2024

In the realm of plant genomics, virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology emerges as a potent tool, employing a reverse genetic strategy to elucidate plant gene functions. Recognized for its simplicity, cost‐effectiveness, and broad applicability, VIGS facilitates the exploration of novel genes in vegetable crops and unveils mechanisms underlying disease resistance and stress response. Moreover, it offers vital support for crop enhancement and molecular breeding. In the context of tomato biology, VIGS holds promise for transformative advancements, spanning from genomics and variety improvement to molecular breeding. This review comprehensively analyzes the pivotal breakthroughs achieved in tomato physiology through global applications of VIGS and explores its strengths and limitations. Future prospects suggest VIGS's pivotal role in reshaping tomato biology, modulating secondary metabolism, and bolstering stress resilience. By delineating diverse applications of VIGS technology, this review fosters innovation in tomato research, opening new vistas for its utilization in plant gene functional analysis.
Quinic acid as an inhibitor of α‐glucosidase activity, nonenzymatic glycosylation, and glucose transport in Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Han Ziyi , Wang Leyu , Sun Panjie , Huang Mengxin , Yu Fei , Liu Junsheng , Wu Yuanyuan , He Puming , Tu Youying , Li Bo
Published: September 2024

Hyperglycemia and diabetes are common metabolic disorders. It is considered a safe and effective strategy to screen active ingredients from food and herbs for controlling blood sugar levels. Quinic acid (QA) is a natural polyphenolic acid with various health‐promoting properties. In this study, QA was found to exhibit a potent inhibitory effect on α‐glucosidase activity, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 5.46 mM. This inhibitory property surpassed that of three common organic acids including gallic acid, malic acid, and citric acid. A combination of 25% acarbose (0.5 mM) and 75% QA (5 mM) (v/v) exhibited synergistic inhibition of α‐glucosidase activity. Enzyme kinetics, fluorescence spectra, and molecular docking analyses indicated that QA acted as an uncompetitive inhibitor of α‐glucosidase, with hydrogen bonds playing a key role in the intermolecular interactions. Moreover, QA was found to effectively inhibit three major nonenzymatic glycation products including advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), fructosamine, and α‐dicarbonyl in a dose‐dependent manner, outperforming the positive control aminoguanidine (AG) within the tested concentration range. Utilizing a Caco‐2 cell model, QA demonstrated the ability to inhibit the transmembrane absorption of glucose. This study highlighted QA as a promising food functional factor that had been overlooked in the past, offering potential benefits in improving hyperglycemia, diabetes, and associated complications through the inhibition of α‐glucosidase, nonenzymatic glycosylation, and glucose uptake.
Sensitivity of Frequency Domain Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Neurovascular Structure Detection in Biotissue Volume: Numerical Modeling Results
Authors: Belsheva Mariia , Safonova Larisa , Shkarubo Alexey
Published: September 2024

Through numerical modeling, it has been determined that near infrared spectroscopy with a frequency domain approach can detect neurovascular structures with diameters from 0.5 mm at source‐detector distances of 5–8 mm, depending on optical parameters and technical implementation of the method. Among the five classical machine learning methods considered, quadratic discriminant analysis is the most effective for detection. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the use of a photomultiplier tube and the registration of both amplitude and phase signal components exhibit the highest sensitivity. Spectroscopy can rival modern ultrasound for detecting arterial vessels. A cross‐shaped probe configuration improves sensitivity, and the ratio of reduced scattering coefficient values at different wavelengths is informative for blood‐filled vessel detection. These findings are consistent with and significantly extend previous experimental in vivo and in situ studies and could be valuable for intraoperative diagnostic tasks, particularly in neurosurgery.
The LTAR Cropland Common Experiment at Upper Mississippi River Basin–St. Paul
Authors: Dalzell Brent J. , Baker John M. , Venterea Rodney T. , Spokas Kurt A. , Feyereisen Gary W. , Rice Pamela J. , Alexander Jonathan R.
Published: September 2024

The Soil and Water Management Research Unit of the USDA‐Agricultural Research Service is located in St. Paul, MN, and conducts long‐term research at the University of Minnesota Research and Outreach Center located at Rosemount, MN. As part of USDA's Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network, the croplands common experiment (CCE) at this location is focused on integration of a kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) living mulch (KCLM) system into the prevailing 2‐year rotation of corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) that is typical of the midwestern Corn Belt. The LTAR‐CCE conducted at Rosemount, MN, aims to compare the long‐term environmental and agronomic performance of KCLM while identifying challenges and developing management strategies for this alternative practice. The use of a living mulch for this region is advantageous because, once established, it does not require additional time for fall field operations typically associated with winter cover crops. Results from LTAR‐CCE studies at this site show that KCLM results in a substantial increase in soil field‐saturated hydraulic conductivity and decreases in leaching of nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3−‐N). Disadvantages of the KCLM system include potential for increased emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and reduced crop yields, particularly during drought. Also, the optimal approach for crop row establishment in the spring remains uncertain. Ongoing LTAR‐CCE research with KCLM aims to better understand and quantify both benefits and risks across conditions of interannual weather variability and changing climate to develop guidance for suitable adoption and management of this alternative practice.
Mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia as the initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report and review
Authors: Edwards Brian P. , Senapati Sidhartha Gautam , Kasianchyk Mariia , Shah Joel , Ayvali Fatih , Maharaj Satish
Published: September 2024

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is an acquired condition caused by autoantibody mediated destruction of erythrocytes. AIHA is classified as warm or cold depending on whether the autoantibodies involved react optimally at or below body temperature (37°C), respectively. Mixed AIHA, with features of both, is rare and clinically more severe. We report a case of mixed AIHA that was found to be the presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Treatment with rituximab and prednisone resulted in good response. Although more commonly associated with warm AIHA, SLE can present with mixed AIHA.
Effects of different slaughtering methods on the energy metabolism, apoptosis process and quality of grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) during cold storage at 4 °C
Authors: Zhao Xin , Xu Zhilong , Liu Yu , Mei Jun , Xie Jing
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

The aquatic processing industry is increasingly aware of the need to ensure that slaughtering is carried out under high welfare standards, so there is a need to explore the impact of slaughter methods on fish fillets. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different slaughtering methods (M1, lethality by hammering; M2, gas mixture causing death; M3, lethality by clove oil anesthesia + ice slurry; M4, lethality by ice slurry; M5, lethality by gradient cooling) on the energy metabolism, apoptosis and flesh mass in grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus).

RESULTS

Therefore, 120 fish (24 per treatment) were slaughtered by the five methods. The results showed that the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) enzyme activity of M5 sample was higher. The serum glucose level of M2 samples and DAPI staining fluorescence of M2 samples were the highest, indicating that the stress response of M2 was strong. In addition, the texture, pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and K value results showed M5 samples had better flesh quality.

CONCLUSION

Gradient cooling lethality had the least effect on oxidative damage and apoptosis in grouper during cold storage as the gradient cooling lethality had the least effect on antioxidant enzyme activities. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Impact of proton pump inhibitors on pathologic response rates following fluoropyrimidine‐based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer patients
Authors: Steadman Jessica A. , Sultan Ahmer , Day Courtney N. , Parish Marie A. , Warner Susanne G. , Kendrick Michael L. , Truty Mark J. , Jin Zhaohui , Thiels Cornelius A.
Published: September 2024

Background

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) negatively impact fluoropyrimidine‐based chemotherapy efficacy in colorectal cancer. This study assessed PPI impact on major pathologic response (mPR) rates of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients receiving fluoropyrimidine‐based chemotherapy.

Methods

An institutional retrospective review of resected PDAC patients receiving neoadjuvant fluoropyrimidine‐based chemotherapy (98% FOLFIRINOX) from 2011 to 2021 was conducted. Outcomes were stratified by use or nonuse of PPIs within 6 months of neoadjuvant chemotherapy initiation. Primary outcome was mPR defined as complete or near complete response.

Results

Among 540 patients included, the median age was 64 (IQR: 60–70) years, 297 (55%) were male, and 202 (37%) were PPI users. 170 (31%) patients had mPR with similar rates among PPI users and nonusers (29% vs. 33%, p = 0.38). No difference in mPR was seen between PPI users and nonusers receiving chemoradiation (35% vs. 36%, p = 0.89) or ≥8 cycles of NAC (33% vs. 36%, p = 0.55). Median OS for PPI users was 30.9 versus 31.7 months for nonusers (p = 0.62). On multivariable analysis, PPI therapy was not associated with decreased survival.

Conclusion

PPI usage did not significantly influence mPR or OS following neoadjuvant fluoropyrimidine‐based chemotherapy in resected PDAC patients. Further analysis of all patients, not just those who underwent resection, is required.
Performance of Prenatal Ultrasound Screening for the Relative Positioning of Mesenteric Vessels
Authors: Faure Jean Michel , Larroque‐Devigne Anne , Forgues Dominique , Mousty Eve , Couture Alain , Kalfa Nicolas , Prodhomme Olivier , Fuchs Florent
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Abnormal relative positioning of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and vein (SMV) can lead to intestinal malrotation that predisposes to midgut volvulus. The aim of this study was to assess the prenatal ultrasound ability to visualize the relative position of SMA and SMV in normal pregnancies.

Methods

Prospective cohort study performed in Montpellier University Hospital Centre, including 80 fetuses during routine 3rd trimester ultrasound scan. For each fetus included, the relative position of the vessels on an axial image was defined as SMV on the right, forward, or on the left of SMA. Doppler imaging was additionally used if necessary. Data were compared to the neonatal abdominal scans performed by pediatric radiologist.

Results

The superior mesenteric vessels were identified in 79 fetuses. Prenatal findings showed a usual relative position of the vessels, that is, the vein on the right of the artery, in 96.2%. In 2 cases, the vein was strictly in front of the artery, and in 1 case, the vein was on the left side of the artery. Seventy‐four neonates were examined and comparison with prenatal finding showed a perfect agreement (Kappa coefficient of 100%). An intestinal malrotation was postnatally diagnosed corresponding to the case where vein was on the left side of the artery.

Conclusion

This study showed that the relative position of the SMA and SMV could be assessed using ultrasound prenatal examination with a perfect agreement with postnatal findings. In case of abnormal vessels positioning more examinations should be promote including prenatal MRI and postnatal conventional radiologic examinations to confirm intestinal malrotation.
Reversible Addition‐Fragmentation Chain‐Transfer Polymerization in Supercritical CO2: A Review
Authors: Versteeg Friso G. , Picchioni Francesco
Published: September 2024

The development of cleaner, more environmentally friendly processes in polymerization technology is crucial due to the prevalent use of volatile organic solvents (VOCs), which are harmful and toxic. Future regulations are likely to limit or ban VOCs. This review explores the use of supercritical solvents, specifically supercritical CO2 (scCO2), in polymerization processes. The study focuses on reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) induced homo‐polymerization of various monomers using specific chain transfer agents (CTAs) in scCO2. RAFT polymerization, a reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) polymerization, relies heavily on the choice of CTA, which significantly influences the dispersity and molar mass of the resulting polymers. Stabilizers are also crucial in controlling product specifications for polymerizations in supercritical CO2, except for fluor‐based polymers, although they must be removed and preferably recycled to ensure product purity and sustainability. The review notes that achieving high molar mass through RAFT polymerization in scCO2 is challenging due to solubility limits, which lead to polymer precipitation. Despite this, RAFT polymerization in scCO2 shows promise for sustainable, circular production of low molar mass polymers, although these cannot yet be fully considered green products.
Proline‐Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles as Highly Performing Asymmetric Catalysts
Authors: Álvarez‐Bermúdez Olaia , Landfester Katharina , Zhang Kai A. I. , Muñoz‐Espí Rafael
Published: September 2024

Amino acids have a crucial role in the field of asymmetric organocatalysis for the production of chiral compounds with high added value and specific biological activity. In particular, proline offers high activity and stereoselectivity for catalyzing aldol reactions in organic solvents. However, proline‐based catalysts often lack water‐solubility, accessibility, catalytic performance, or recovery in aqueous media. This work reports the design of proline‐functionalized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanoparticles with a magnetic core that offer high availability of chiral units in water and high recyclability. A proline‐based copolymerizable surfactant is designed and integrated onto the surface of PMMA nanoparticles through a miniemulsion polymerization process without using additional surfactants. The miniemulsion technique allows the incorporation of magnetite to the system to create a magnetically separable catalyst. The chiral nanocatalyst presents a high diastereoselective catalytic activity for the intermolecular aldol reaction between p‐nitrobenzaldehyde and cyclohexanone in water.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma: insights from molecular characterization and therapeutic advances
Authors: Jia Yunxuan , Liu Yupeng , Yang Haitang , Yao Feng
Published: September 2024

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant tumor primarily originating from the salivary glands, capable of affecting multiple organs. Although ACC typically exhibits slow growth, it is notorious for its propensity for neural invasion, local recurrence, and distant metastasis, making it a particularly challenging cancer to treat. The complexity of ACC's histological and molecular features poses significant challenges to current treatment modalities, which often show limited effectiveness. Recent advancements in single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) have begun to unravel unprecedented insights into the heterogeneity and subpopulation diversity within ACC, revealing distinct cellular phenotypes and origins. This review delves into the intricate pathological and molecular characteristics of ACC, focusing on recent therapeutic advancements. We particularly emphasize the insights gained from scRNA‐seq studies that shed light on the cellular landscape of ACC, underscoring its heterogeneity and pathobiology. Moreover, by integrating analyses from public databases, this review proposes novel perspectives for advancing treatment strategies in ACC. This review contributes to the academic understanding of ACC by proposing novel therapeutic approaches informed by cutting‐edge molecular insights, paving the way for more effective, personalized therapeutic approaches for this challenging malignancy.
Energy stability analysis of MHD flow in a rectangular duct
Authors: Boeck Thomas , Brynjell‐Rahkola Mattias , Duguet Yohann
Published: September 2024

We study the energy stability of pressure‐driven laminar magnetohydrodynamic flow in a rectangular duct in the presence of a transverse homogeneous magnetic field. The walls of the duct are electrically insulating. The quasistatic approximation of the induction equation is used. For sufficiently strong fields, the laminar velocity distribution has a uniform core and convex Hartmann and Shercliff boundary layers on the walls perpendicular and parallel to the magnetic field. The linear eigenvalue problem for the energy Reynolds number depends on the streamwise wavenumber, the Hartmann number, and the aspect ratio. We focus on duct geometries with small aspect ratios in order to compare with stability results from one‐dimensional channel flow. The lift‐up mechanism dominates in the limit of zero streamwise wavenumber and provides a linear dependence between the critical Reynolds and Hartmann number in the duct. For finite streamwise wavenumbers and decreasing aspect ratio, the duct results converge to Orr's original energy stability result for spanwise uniform perturbations to the plane Poiseuille base flow.
Thin porous Ni‐foam enhanced CFRP/Al adhesive joint inserted by ultrasonic vibration
Authors: Zhou Zhengwu , Wang Yongfei , Chen Chao
Published: September 2024

To enhance the mechanical properties of the adhesive layer in joints, a thin–structural open–cell porous Ni–foam was embedded into the adhesive interface through ultrasonics (US) assisted. The porous metal foam is effective in interlocking itself with adhesive. After the ultrasonic vibration was applied for 0.17 s, the adhesive penetrated Ni–foam, generating enough residue. This technique effectively improves the energy absorption and shear strength of the CFRP/Al single lap joint by more than 250.33% and 118.4% with a 0.5 mm thick Ni–foam insert, respectively. The fatigue resistance increased by 154% with a 0.3 mm thick Ni–foam insert based on the fatigue testing results and the Weibull distribution method. The S–N curves were established at different reliabilities for engineering applications. With the Ni–Foam insert, the failure modes were changed through crack deflexion, Ni–Foam degumming, and crack blocking.

Highlights

Ultrasonic vibration assisting Ni‐foam inserts CFRP/Al adhesive joints.

The shear strength of joints with Ni‐foam was maximally increased by 118.4%.

The fracture forms of joints with Ni‐foam were changed.

The fatigue life of the joints with Ni‐foam was maximally increased by 154%.

S–N curve of joint with Ni–foam of different reliability levels was got.
Maternal Complications After Laser Surgery for Twin‐to‐Twin Transfusion Syndrome, a Cohort Study
Authors: Gijtenbeek M. , Prein F. M. M. , Verweij E. J. T. , Middeldorp J. M. , Slaghekke F. , Haak M. C.
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To assess maternal complications after fetoscopic laser surgery (FLS) for the twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).

Methods

All consecutive cases treated with FLS for TTTS between 2008 and 2021 at the Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC) were included. We allocated complications in three timeframes: “Admission for laser surgery,” “pregnancy after laser,” and “delivery and third stage of labor.” Maternal complications were graded according to the Maternal and Fetal Adverse Event Terminology (MFAET) and for intra‐abdominal hemorrhage, the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE).

Results

In the study period, 637 mothers were treated for TTTS with FLS. There were 1559 occurrences of maternal complications. The rate of severe maternal complications (grade 3 or 4) was 8.0%. Severe complications consisted of six cases of severe intra‐abdominal hemorrhage, nine cases of severe hemorrhage in pregnancy, one with severe chorioamnionitis, 10 with severe preeclampsia/HELLP syndrome, and 25 with a severe postpartum hemorrhage.

Conclusions

Even though it is the gold standard for treating TTTS, FLS comes at a risk to the mother which should not be neglected. And even though not all complications have serious consequences to the mother, the severe maternal complication rate of 8.0% should be added to the inherent risks for the fetus, and should be discussed with patients eligible for surgery in order to make an informed decision on treatment options.
Salt tolerance in wheat is associated with the maintenance of shoot biomass, stomatal conductance, and sucrose in the phloem
Authors: Nguyen Van Lam , Stangoulis James
Published: September 2024

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a mega‐staple for millions of the world's populations and its yield potential is impacted by soil salinization. This study investigated genotypic variation in salt tolerance among six wheat genotypes, Gladius, Drysdale, GD0014, GD0120, GD0180, and GD0185. The study also characterized shoot traits, photosynthetic traits, leaf Na and K concentrations, and phloem sucrose. The plants were grown under controlled growth room conditions at 0 mM NaCl (Control) and 100 mM NaCl. The results showed that the salt tolerance index (STISFW, SFW: shoot fresh weight) varied from 0.52 for GD0120 to 0.69 for GD0180. Based on the STISFW, salt tolerance for the wheat genotypes was in the order, GD0180 > Gladius > GD0185 > Drysdale > GD0014 > GD0120. Projected shoot area (PSA) at all growth stages, 14, 20, 27, 34, and 40 DAS were strongly correlated with SFW at 45 DAS. Salt treatment significantly increased phloem sucrose level in the salt intolerant, Drysdale, while having no effect on this parameter in Gladius. Gladius showed greater maintenance of stomatal conductance than Drysdale. The relative ratio of K/Na between treatment and control was strongly correlated with the relative ratio of SFW (r = .85). The correlation between PSA at 14 DAS and SFW at 45 DAS and the correlation between the relative ratio of K/Na between treatment and control with STISFW identify these parameters to be potential traits for screening salt tolerance in wheat. Higher salt tolerance in Gladius would be associated with higher maintenance of stomatal conductance and enhanced phloem sucrose transport.
Effect of hardness on the foaming behavior, surface quality, and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane foams by chemical foaming injection molding
Authors: Xing Jinfu , He Li , Jiang Tuanhui
Published: September 2024

Although the influence of hard segment content on the foaming behavior of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has been reported in the literature, most of the studies have been limited to batch foaming, and the relationship between hardness on the foaming quality and the surface quality of TPU is still unclear in injection molding foaming. In this study, three hardnesses of TPU foams were prepared by core‐back injection foaming technique to investigate the relationship between hardness and TPU foaming behavior. Firstly, the relationship between hardness and viscosity of TPU was investigated using rotational rheometer. The results showed that the complex viscosity increased with the increase of hardness, especially the viscosity of high hardness TPU responded more significantly at low frequencies. In addition, a scanning electron microscope was used to analyze the cell morphology of TPU foams with different hardness. It was revealed that the cell morphology of 1098A foam with low hardness was deteriorated and deformed severely, with a cell size and cell density of 172.02 μm and 0.59 × 105 cells/cm3, respectively. With the increase of hardness, the cell morphology of high hardness 1071D foam was regular and rounded, its cell size decreased to 95.98 μm and cell density increased 4.43 × 105 cells/cm3. Surface roughness and mechanical experiments showed that the medium hardness 1065D foam had better surface quality and tensile toughness. The elongation at break of the TPU foams decreased with increasing hardness, while the high hardness 1071D foam had better tensile and flexural strength. This study provides understanding for the selection of a suitable hardness to prepare TPU foams with favorable foaming quality and corresponding mechanical properties.

Highlights

TPU foams of different hardness were prepared using core‐back chemical foaming injection molding technology.

High hardness TPU foam had excellent tensile strength and flexural strength.
Design and Modelling of Continuum Robot for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Surgery With Lifting Force Estimation
Authors: Zhang Xingyao , Du Fuxin , Zhang Gang , Wu Ke , Zheng Gang , Li Yibin , Song Rui
Published: September 2024

Background

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an effective treatment for early‐stage gastrointestinal cancers. However, traditional surgical instruments lack accuracy and force‐sensing.

Methods

A new type of continuum robot for ESD is designed. An accurate static model of the proposed continuum robot is established, considering cases where the robot bends into C‐shapes and S‐shapes. A force estimation method based on an accurate static model is proposed. Then, the accuracy of the static model and force estimation is verified through experiments. Finally, an ex‐organ experiment is carried out.

Results

The average position error of the proposed static model is 0.72 mm, accounting for 2.57% of the total robot length. The average error of force estimation is 19.53 mN. By gripping and cutting ex‐porcine gastric mucosa, the robot's functionality is validated.

Conclusion

This paper contributes to precise control and safe interaction of continuum robots.
Ultrathin Porous Carbon Nitride Anchored with Pt Nanoclusters for Synergistic Enhancement of Hydrogen Production in Alkaline Photocatalytic Polyester Reforming
Authors: Hu Jingmiao , Fan Yunjian , Li Shijian , Kang Jian , Chen Shan , Yin Huajie , Zhao Huijun
Published: September 2024

Photocatalytic reforming (PR) of polyester waste, fueled by renewable sources like solar energy, offers a sustainable method for producing clean H2 and valuable by‐products under mild conditions. The design of high‐performance photocatalyst plays a pivotal role in determining the efficacy of an alkaline polyester PR system, influencing H2 generation activity and selectivity. Here, ultrathin porous carbon nitride nanosheets (UP‐CN) loaded with Pt nanoclusters (Pt NCs, average diameter of 1.7 nm) with uniform Pt NCs distribution are introduced. The resulting Pt NCs/UP‐CN catalyst can accelerate charge and mass transfer while providing additional active sites, achieving superior H2 generation rates of 11.69 mmol gcat−1 h−1 and 2923 mmol gPt−1 h−1 under AM 1.5 light, which nine times higher than that of Pt nanoparticles‐bulk graphitic carbon nitride composite (1.29 mmol gcat−1 h−1 and 258 mmol gPt−1 h−1) as counterpart. This performance also surpasses that of previously reported carbon nitride‐based and TiO2‐based photocatalysts. Moreover, the density functional theory calculations reveal a significant reduction in the energy barrier for the water dissociation step (H2O + * → *H + OH) at the interface between UP‐CN and anchored Pt NCs, showcasing the synergistic effect between Pt NCs and UP‐CN. This catalytic system also exhibits universality across various polyester plastics.
Enhanced Stable and Efficient of Dual‐Ligand Zirconium‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Synergistic Photodynamic Inactivation
Authors: Xu Jin , Ding Zhaoyang , Wang Mingying , Wu Gan , Xie Jing
Published: September 2024

Porphyrins, known for generating toxic singlet oxygen (1O2) to combat bacteria, face challenges such as hydrophilicity and limited lifespan and 1O2 yield. Conversely, triterpenoid compounds like ammonium glycyrrhizinate (AG) offer antioxidative and antibacterial properties but lack efficacy and stability. Combining them in Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs) yields dual‐ligand zirconium (Zr)‐basedMOFs (M‐TG), capitalizing on porphyrins' membrane‐disrupting ability and AG's inhibition of bacterial membrane synthesis for a synergistic antibacterial effect. M‐TG resolves activity loss, enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) yield, and extends stability, achieving a remarkable 99.999% sterilization rate. This innovative approach maximizes ligand properties through synergistic effects, promising significant advancements in antibacterial material design.
8.36% Efficient CZTS Solar Cells on Transparent Electrode via Solution Processing
Authors: Liu Hongkun , Li Yize , Xu Aoqi , Li Xinyu , Xiang Chunxu , Zhou Sifan , Wang Shaoying , Yan Weibo , Xin Hao
Published: September 2024

High‐bandgap Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film solar cells on transparent electrodes show favorable characteristics for new photovoltaic application scenarios including building‐integrated photovoltaics, vehicle‐integrated photovoltaics, and top cell for tandem structure. However, the efficiency of pure sulfide kesterite CZTS thin film solar cells on transparent substrates lags behind that on traditional Mo substrates. Herein, fabrication of high‐quality CZTS absorber films and efficient solar cells on fluorine‐doped tin oxide substrates from dimethyl sulfoxide solution is reported. The formation of harmful secondary phases in CZTS film is suppressed by simply adjusting the chemical stoichiometry in the precursor solution, leading to the development of 5.88% CZTS solar cells. Sodium (Na) doping further promotes grain growth and suppresses secondary phase, contributing to the reduced interface recombination and improved device performance. A champion device with an efficiency of 8.36% has been achieved with 1% Na doping, underscoring the significance of the solution process in achieving highly efficient kesterite solar cells on transparent electrodes.
Empowering software startups with agile methods and practices: A design science research
Authors: Javdani Gandomani Taghi , Zulzalil Hazura , Bahsoon Rami
Published: September 2024

The growing number of software startups has witnessed an open debate on the suitability and appropriateness of commonly used software development methodologies, including agile software development methodologies and practices. Startups, for example, tend to focus on producing minimum viable product, which challenge the use of these methods and calls for bespoke adaptation of these practices to suit startups. Agile adoption is not easy for software startup teams due to unreadiness, inadequate preparation and weak structure of these teams, focusing only on small part of agile practices, and high uncertainty in essential requirements and proper technology. A review of the state‐of‐the‐art reports on limited number of studies that have investigated the adoption of agile methods and practices to best suit the requirements software startups. This study uses design science research methodology to address this gap and develop a guideline for agile adaptation specifically for software startups. The developed guideline was validated and improved with the participation of 23 experts from 7 software startup teams through survey questionnaires and open discussion. This guideline includes 13 recommendations, categorized into three sections: selection of agile methods and practices, preparation for adaptation, and the adaptation of agile methods and practices. Evaluation of the results shows the simplicity of understanding the guideline, its usefulness, and its support for the expected agility of the software development process.
Investigation of the Extraction of Chlorogenic Acid From Honeysuckle and Its Biological Activity Based on Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Shen Yiyi , Zhang Daoming , Lu Yiran , Liang Qingli , Zhao Ziyue , Li Xiaoxing , Wang Miaomiao , Tang Baokun
Published: September 2024

Honeysuckle, a traditional Chinese medicine, holds significant medicinal value, making it ubiquitous in the medical field. However, the efficient extraction of chlorogenic acid from Chinese herbal medicine while maintaining its pharmacological activity remains a pressing challenge. To address the issues of environmental pollution and inefficient extraction using traditional solvents, there is a need to develop a novel solvent. Due to their low cost, nontoxic, and environmentally friendly characteristics, deep eutectic solvents can be used for extracting traditional Chinese medicinal materials while preserving the activity of their active ingredients during the extraction process. In this study, we examined the antibacterial activity of chlorogenic acid, a key component of honeysuckle, after extraction using a deep eutectic solvent. We gained preliminary insights into the antibacterial activity of the extract against various bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, we analyzed the antibacterial activity of extracts of different concentrations in liquid medium, and the morphology of the bacteria after inhibition was analyzed. These findings suggest that deep eutectic solvent (DES) is an efficient, environmentally friendly, and cost‐effective method for extracting the active components of honeysuckle. Moreover, the active components extracted using DES retain robust physiological activity.
Analysis of Electromagnetic Buffer Characteristics of DC Fast Vacuum Switch
Authors: Wentao Jiang , Zihao Zhu , Xiaoming Liu , Hai Chen , Peiyuan Li
Published: September 2024

In order to solve the contradiction between the rapid isolation of low voltage DC faults and the low bounce of small stroke vacuum switches, taking the fast vacuum switch for 400 V DC power distribution system as the research object, the electromagnetic buffer simulation and experimental research in the opening process are carried out. The influencing factors of the dynamic and reaction mechanism and buffer output characteristics are analyzed, and the electromagnetic buffering effect under typical working conditions is simulated, which proves that electromagnetic buffer is a necessary part of 400 V fast vacuum switch and the motion characteristics of fast switching are optimal when applying 220 V electromagnetic buffer. According to the simulation calculation results, the engineering prototype was made, the experimental research on the electromagnetic buffer under typical working conditions was carried out, and the design criteria of the small stroke electromagnetic buffer were proposed, which solved the problem of fast switching of small stroke and reliable control and low bounce. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Characterizing the Atmospheric Boundary Layer for Offshore Wind Energy Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery
Authors: Stopa Justin E. , Vandemark Doug , Foster Ralph , Emond Marc , Mouche Alexis , Chapron Bertrand
Published: September 2024

Measuring boundary layer stratification, wind shear, and turbulence remains challenging for wind resource assessment. In particular, larger eddy scales have the greatest impact on turbine load fluctuations, and there are few in situ methods to observe them adequately. Satellite remote sensing using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an alternative approach. In this study, eddy‐related signatures in 704 high‐resolution images are related to stratification through a bulk Richardson number (
) measured by a buoy near Martha's Vineyard, the US epicenter of offshore wind. Variations in SAR‐observed atmospheric boundary layer eddies, or lack of them, correspond to specific
regimes. Accounting for strong vertical wind shear, typically under stable stratification, is critical for energy production and turbine loads, and SAR directly identifies these conditions by the absence of energetic eddies. SAR also provides a regional climatology of atmospheric stratification for offshore wind assessment, complementing other observations, and with potential application worldwide.