bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reversible Structural Phase Transition and Dielectric Switches Induced by Disordering‐Ordering Motion of Tetrachloroferrate (III) Anions
Authors: Tang Yun‐Zhi , Wang Chang‐Feng , Chen Shao‐Peng , Tan Yu‐Hui , Yang Chang‐Shan , Bin‐Wang  , Wen He‐Rui
Published: September 2017

Reversible phase transitions triggered by guest AX4 type metal structural anions such as AuCl4−, FeCl4− etc are sparely documented before. Here we reported a host–guest clathrate, 18‐crown‐6 potassium tetrachloroferrate, [K2(C12H24O6)]2+⋅[FeCl4]22–(1) which exhibits reversible phase transition around 135 K. This special phase transition behaviours were further confirmed by the heat and dielectric anomalies in the vicinity of 135 K. The structural transition mechanism can be attributed to the ordering‐disordering motion of the tetrachloroferrate anions. Its switchable dielectric behaviours around the phase transition point suggest it maybe a potential material for dielectric switches.
Toward a dynamic notion of value creation and appropriation in firms: The concept and measurement of economic gain
Authors: Lieberman Marvin B. , Balasubramanian Natarajan , Garcia‐Castro Roberto
Published: September 2017

Research Summary: “Value creation” is central to strategy. Even so, confusion arises because it can be defined in different ways, e.g., as the sum of producer and consumer surplus in a given time period, or as the change in surplus over time. To formalize the latter notion, we introduce the concept of economic gain, defined as the increase in total surplus. Economic gain can arise through innovation or when a superior firm displaces competitors. We provide a firm‐level measurement framework to quantify economic gain and its distribution among stakeholders, including the firm's shareholders, employees, suppliers, and customers. As an empirical illustration, we compare the creation and distribution of economic gain by Southwest Airlines and American Airlines between 1980 and 2010.

Managerial Summary: Most managers and the business press regard “value creation” as the increase in shareholder wealth represented by a rise in corporate profit or stock price. A broader conception of value creation goes beyond shareholders to include the value that is distributed to additional stakeholders of the firm, including employees, suppliers, and customers. We develop a mathematical framework that allows this broader notion of value creation and distribution to be assessed and quantified in many cases. We illustrate the framework using historical data on Southwest Airlines and American Airlines over 3 decades.
Capabilities, technologies, and firm exit during industry shakeout: Evidence from the global solar photovoltaic industry
Authors: Furr Nathan , Kapoor Rahul
Published: September 2017

Research Summary: Explanations of entrants’ survival in an emerging industry are premised on pre‐entry capabilities or technology entry choices prior to the emergence of the dominant design. We consider how these drivers interact to strengthen or nullify firms’ pre‐entry advantage, and facilitate adaptation as the industry evolves. We also expand the treatment of exit by separating dissolution from acquisition, in which firms’ capabilities continue to be utilized in the industry. Studying a recent shakeout in the global solar photovoltaic industry, we find that pre‐entry capabilities and technology choices act in a complementary manner for some firms, thereby enhancing survival, and as buffers against exit for others. Nearly half of exits were via acquisitions, and technology choice at entry played an important role in determining how firms exited.

Managerial Summary: New industries are often characterized by intense technology competition that culminates in a dominant technology followed by industry shakeout. Although prior research underscores the central role of technology choice and firm capabilities to survival, we do not actually know how firms with different capabilities and who have made competing technology choices survive an industry shakeout. In this article, we show how entrants’ capabilities and technology choices can act in a complementary manner for some firms, enhancing their chance of survival, and as buffers against failure for others. Moreover, we explain why some firms that do exit are acquired, when others are dissolved.
Pyrene‐Fused Perylene Diimides: New Building Blocks to Construct Non‐Fullerene Acceptors With Extremely High Open‐Circuit Voltages up to 1.26 V
Authors: Zhan Xuejun , Xiong Wentao , Gong Yanbin , Liu Tao , Xie Yujun , Peng Qian , Sun Yanming , Li Zhen
Published: September 2017

Great efforts have been devoted to seeking alternative non‐fullerene acceptors for efficient polymer solar cells (PSCs). Achieving a high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) is quite challenging but is essential for practical application. Here, pyrene‐fused perylene diimide was first used as a periphery building block to construct non‐fullerene acceptors. Due to the high‐lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) as well as balanced transport properties, the normal devices with the acceptors exhibited ultrahigh Voc values of up to 1.26 V. In addition, the achieved power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.10% is among the highest values for non‐fullerene PSCs with a Voc > 1.20 V, indicating that the pyrene‐fused perylene diimide (PDI) unit is a useful building block for the design of non‐fullerene PSCs with high Voc values. This study could benefit the realization of both a high PCE and Voc in PSCs.
Recent Progress in Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction Over Perovskite Oxides
Authors: Shi Run , Waterhouse Geoffrey I.N. , Zhang Tierui
Published: September 2017

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction has attracted widespread attention in recent years, due its potential to reduce anthropogenic CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion whilst also yielding fuels and valuable chemical feedstocks. Among the various semiconductor photocatalysts capable of driving CO2 reduction under direct sunlight, perovskite oxides are arguably the most promising due to their high catalytic activity, good stability, long charge diffusion lengths, and compositional flexibility that allows precise bandgap and band edge tuning. This review aims to showcase recent advances in the design of perovskite oxides and their derivatives for photocatalytic CO2 reduction, placing particular emphasis on structure modulation, defect engineering, and interface construction as rational approaches for enhancing solar‐driven CO2 conversion to CH4, CO, and other valuable oxygenates (CxHyOz).
Anatomy and relationships of the South African gorgonopsian Arctops (Therapsida, Theriodontia)
Authors: Kammerer Christian F.
Published: September 2017

The gorgonopsian genus Arctops from the late Permian of South Africa is revised and redescribed. The nominal species Arctops kitchingi and Arctops watsoni are found to be junior synonyms of the type species Arctops willistoni. A well‐prepared specimen previously referred to Lycaenops angusticeps and additional, previously undescribed specimens are also referred to A. willistoni. The vomerine morphology of Arctops is highly distinctive, supporting previous work highlighting the taxonomic importance of this element. Arctops is restricted to the Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone of the South African Beaufort Group. Inclusion of Arctops in a phylogenetic analysis of gorgonopsian relationships recovers it as the sister‐taxon of Smilesaurus ferox, with the clade composed of Arctops + Smilesaurus positioned outside the Rubidgeinae.
Evolution of Optimum Grain Size for Low Loss Ferritic FeSi Steels
Authors: Schneider Jürgen , Stöcker Anett , Kawalla Rudolf , Franke Armin
Published: September 2017

The magnetic properties of non‐oriented Fe–Si electrical steels are characterized by their magnetization behavior and specific magnetic losses. The magnetic losses are the most important property for selection of material grades at a given application. The magnetic properties are determined generally by the texture and microstructure. There is a strong link between the specific magnetic losses of the fully processed electrical steel and the grain size. Large values of grain size are necessary to reach low values of the specific magnetic losses. This is in contrast to conventional steels with high strength, where low values of grain size are preferable. To fulfill the requirements on large grain size for low loss materials grain growth plays an important role. In this paper, the authors will analyze by optical microscopy and EBSD investigations the influences of different microstructure of the hot strip and the resulting microstructure after cold rolling on recrystallization and grain growth after final annealing of Fe–2.4 wt% Si. The image quality plus rotation angle map and the misorientation angle frequency are used to access the degree of microstructural changes during processing.

It will be demonstrated that the microstructure of the used hot band effects remarkable the onset of grain growth.
Second Language Graduate Students’ Experiences at the Writing Center: A Language Socialization Perspective
Authors: Okuda Tomoyo , Anderson Tim
Published: September 2017

The writing center is a common form of academic writing support in Canadian and U.S. universities (Moussu & David, ). With its nonproofreading policy, some scholars have indicated the service may be less effective for international students who require more explicit assistance on surface‐level features in their academic writing (Harris & Silva, ; Myers, ). However, these discussions often omit or insufficiently address international graduate students as a distinctive population (Phillips, ). To address this gap, this article presents results from two complementary case studies involving the use of writing centers by three second language (L2) Chinese graduate students (two doctoral and one master's) at a research‐intensive Canadian university. Drawing on a second language socialization theoretical framework (Duff, ; Zuengler & Cole, ), the researchers examine the role of the university's writing center in the participants’ enculturation into academic discourses, practices, identities, and communities. Data indicate that international graduate students spend considerable time and effort seeking out writing support to improve academic practices. Only the master's student was able to make full use of the writing center tutorials due to her strategic socialization of the tutor. Implications are provided to minimize student burden and maximize specialized writing support for L2 graduate students.
A review of antimicrobial fabric containing nanostructures metal‐based compound
Authors: Tan Lee‐Yae , Sin Lee Tin , Bee Soo‐Tueen , Ratnam Chantara T. , Woo Kwan‐Kit , Tee Tiam‐Ting , Rahmat Abdul Razak
Published: September 2017

Textile can be a potential microorganism's propagation site because it contacts with human skin endows optimal conditions combination of nutrient sources, temperature, and moisture which provides conducive environment for microorganism growth. Thus, the development of antibacterial textile is crucial to inhibit the growth of microorganisms for protection the health and safety of wearer. This review article focuses on several metal‐based nanoparticles possess biocidal feature namely, Ag, ZnO, Cu based, TiO2, and other minor metals based such as iron based, CeO2, Au, SiO2, Ni, and Pt. The phenomenology of metal nanoparticles associated to the antibacterial effects and possible mechanisms of action against bacteria have been highlighted. This review also discussed the synthesis techniques and effects of incorporation additive materials of those metal‐based nanoparticles to inhibit the growth of microorganisms. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Exegesis of Sect. III.B from “Fundamentals of the Mechanics of Continua” by E. Hellinger
Authors: Eugster Simon R. , dell'Isola Francesco
Published: September 2017

This is our third and last exegetic essay on the fundamental review article DIE ALLGEMEINEN ANSÄTZE DER MECHANIK DER KONTINUA in the Encyklopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaften mit Einschluss ihrer Anwendungen, Bd. IV‐4, Hft. 5 (1913) by Ernst Hellinger which contains the translation and the commentary of the remaining text starting from p. 663. The six subsections, No. 9–15, deal with the applications of the previously developed conceptual tools to formulate: an effective theory of elasticity, the dynamics of ideal fluids, models for internal friction and elastic hysteresis, a theory of capillarity, optics, the fundamental equations of electrodynamics, an introduction of the thermodynamical foundations and the relationship between the theory of continua and the theory of relativity. Hellinger refers to relevant literature while consolidating in an effective way the contemporary knowledge in 1913. Considering notational differences as being irrelevant for the characterization of the presented scientific content, Hellinger's article shows that an effective compendium of a large part of the insights given in Truesdell and Toupin and Truesdell and Noll has already been available in 1913. We include in this paper an assessment of the different roles played by pioneers, who are innovating their scientific discipline, and by erudite scholars whose role consists in re‐ordering existent knowledge and advertising to a wider audience the most important technical results already obtained in a given discipline.
Terms in Search for a Theoretical Definition
Authors: Gunneriusson Håkan
Published: September 2017

This chapter deals with why social theory can be relevant in the context of military operations. The chapter does also give some examples of what have been done before in this matter, specifically the concept Effect-Based Operations (EBO). The French sociologist and theorist Pierre Bourdieu is also introduced here.
The Political Field in the Operational Area
Authors: Gunneriusson Håkan
Published: September 2017

This chapter deals with one possible implementation of field theory in a generic operational area. The main challenge is to operationalise the concept of field-specific capital in order to classify and affect the adversary and other actors on the field.
The Events in 1992
Authors: Gunneriusson Håkan
Published: September 2017

This chapter deals with how and why the war emerges in Bosnia and how the involved actors acted. Serbian and Croatian leadership with Slobodan Milošević and Radovan Karadžić, respectively, pushed for hostilities all when the leadership in Bosnia with Alija Izetbegović and parts of the international community as Germany did little to avert the coming disaster.
Impact of Drain Insertion After Perforated Peptic Ulcer Repair in a Japanese Nationwide Database Analysis
Authors: Okumura K. , Hida K. , Kunisawa S. , Nishigori T. , Hosogi H. , Sakai Y. , Imanaka Y.
Published: September 2017

Background

Many perforated peptic ulcers (PPUs) require surgical repair due to diffuse peritonitis. However, few studies have examined the clinical effects of postoperative drainage after PPU repair. This study aimed to investigate the drain insertion rates in patients who underwent PPU repair in Japan, and to clarify the impact of drain insertion on the postoperative clinical course.

Methods

A retrospective nationwide cohort study was performed using administrative claims data of patients who had undergone PPU repair between 2010 and 2016. These patients were divided into two groups based on whether or not they had received a postoperative abdominal drain. Using propensity score matching, we compared the incidences of postoperative interventions for abdominal complications between both groups.

Results

A total of 4869 patients from 324 hospitals were analyzed. At the hospital level, drains were placed in all PPU repair patients in 229 (70.7%) hospitals. At the patient level, 4401 patients (90.4%) had drains inserted. The drain group was associated with a higher emergency admission rate, poorer preoperative shock status, longer anesthetic time, and a higher amount of intra‐abdominal irrigation. In the propensity score‐matched patients, the drain group had a significantly lower incidence of postoperative interventions than the no‐drain group (1.9 vs. 5.6%; risk ratio = 0.35; 95% confidence interval 0.16–0.73; P = 0.003).

Conclusion

Postoperative drainage was performed in the majority of patients who underwent PPU repair in Japan. Drainage following PPU repair may facilitate patient recovery by reducing the need for postoperative interventions.
A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Timing and Outcome of Intestinal Failure Surgery in Patients with Enteric Fistula
Authors: de Vries Fleur E. E. , Atema Jasper J. , van Ruler Oddeke , Vaizey Carolynne J. , Serlie Mireille J. , Boermeester Marja A.
Published: September 2017

Background

The timing of intestinal failure (IF) surgery has changed. Most specialized centers now recommend postponing reconstructive surgery for enteric fistula and emphasize that abdominal sepsis has to be resolved and the patient’s condition improved. Our aim was to study the outcome of postponed surgery, to identify risk factors for recurrence and mortality, and to define more precisely the optimal timing of reconstructive surgery.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically reviewed on the outcomes of reconstructive IF surgery (fistula recurrence, mortality, morbidity, hernia recurrence, total closure, enteral autonomy). If appropriate, meta‐analyses were performed. Optimal timing was explored, and risk factors for recurrence and mortality were identified.

Results

Fifteen studies were included. The weighted pooled fistula recurrence rate was 19% (95% CI 15–24). Lower recurrence rates were found in studies with a longer median time and/or, at the minimum of the range, a longer time interval to surgery. Overall mortality was 3% (95% CI 2–5). Total fistula closure rates ranged from 80 to 97%. Enteral autonomy after reconstructive surgery, mentioned in four studies, varied between 79 and 100%.

Conclusions

Postponed IF surgery for enteric fistula is associated with lower recurrence. Due to the wide range of time to definitive surgery within each study, optimal timing of surgery could not be defined from published data.
Diagnostic approach to neurotransmitter monoamine disorders: experience from clinical, biochemical, and genetic profiles
Authors: Kuster Alice , Arnoux Jean‐Baptiste , Barth Magalie , Lamireau Delphine , Houcinat Nada , Goizet Cyril , Doray Bérénice , Gobin Stéphanie , Schiff Manuel , Cano Aline , Amsallem Daniel , Barnerias Christine , Chaumette Boris , Plaze Marion , Slama Abdelhamid , Ioos Christine , Desguerre Isabelle , Lebre Anne‐Sophie , de Lonlay Pascale , Christa Laurence ,   Individual contributors who contributed to this work
Published: September 2017

Background and aim

To improve the diagnostic work‐up of patients with diverse neurological diseases, we have elaborated specific clinical and CSF neurotransmitter patterns.

Methods

Neurotransmitter determinations in CSF from 1200 patients revealed abnormal values in 228 (19%) cases. In 54/228 (24%) patients, a final diagnosis was identified.

Results

We have reported primary (30/54, 56%) and secondary (24/54, 44%) monoamine neurotransmitter disorders. For primary deficiencies, the most frequently mutated gene was DDC (n = 9), and the others included PAH with neuropsychiatric features (n = 4), PTS (n = 5), QDPR (n = 3), SR (n = 1), and TH (n = 1). We have also identified mutations in SLC6A3, FOXG1 (n = 1 of each), MTHFR (n = 3), FOLR1, and MTHFD (n = 1 of each), for dopamine transporter, neuronal development, and folate metabolism disorders, respectively. For secondary deficiencies, we have identified POLG (n = 3), ACSF3 (n = 1), NFU1, and SDHD (n = 1 of each), playing a role in mitochondrial function. Other mutated genes included: ADAR, RNASEH2B, RNASET2, SLC7A2‐IT1 A/B lncRNA, and EXOSC3 involved in nuclear and cytoplasmic metabolism; RanBP2 and CASK implicated in post‐traductional and scaffolding modifications; SLC6A19 regulating amino acid transport; MTM1, KCNQ2 (n = 2), and ATP1A3 playing a role in nerve cell electrophysiological state. Chromosome abnormalities, del(8)(p23)/dup(12) (p23) (n = 1), del(6)(q21) (n = 1), dup(17)(p13.3) (n = 1), and non‐genetic etiologies (n = 3) were also identified.

Conclusion

We have classified the final 54 diagnoses in 11 distinctive biochemical profiles and described them through 20 clinical features. To identify the specific molecular cause of abnormal NT profiles, (targeted) genomics might be used, to improve diagnosis and allow early treatment of complex and rare neurological genetic diseases.
Mechanisms of cancer cell killing by sea cucumber-derived compounds
Authors: Wargasetia Teresa Liliana , Widodo
Published: September 2017

The aim of cancer therapy is to specifically eradicate tumor cells while causing minimal damage to normal tissues and minimal side-effects. Because of this, the use of natural substances with low toxicity is a good option. Sea cucumbers are one of many potential marine animals that contain valuable nutrients and medicinal properties. The medicinal value of sea cucumbers is attributed to the presence of bioactive agents with promising biological and pharmacological properties that include cytotoxic activity, induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of tumor growth, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic properties, and inhibition of drug resistance. This review discusses the mechanisms of cancer cell death induced by sea cucumber-derived compounds with regard to exploring the potential use of these marine natural products for cancer therapy.
On Women and Beasts: Human-Animal Relationships in Sixteenth-Century Thought
Authors: Becker Anna
Published: September 2017

We are used to the view that historically “what counted as fully human always depended … on a sharp contrast with ‘the animal’.” As a consequence, “[w]omen and slaves, in being denied full humanity, were therefore necessarily partaking in animal nature.” Questioning this view, this essay traces how some early modern thinkers defined the relationship of human beings to animals generally, and, more particularly, how they saw the relationship of women, slaves, and animals in the human household. The picture presented, while being far from complete, aims to show that Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-Century thinkers had nuanced arguments to offer when they discussed the relationship of human animals to nonhuman animals, and the relationship of nature and culture, neither of which were presented as clear cut opposites. At the same time, the equation of women with animals and slaves was not something that was commonly found in Sixteenth Century philosophical treatises, which might lead us to rethink our own ideas about equating one disenfranchised group with the other.
The Protection of Animals During Warfare
Authors: de Hemptinne Jérôme
Published: September 2017

In times of war, the first instinct is to relieve the suffering of human beings. Environmental and animal interests are always pushed into the background. However, warfare strongly affects natural resources, including animals, which makes animal issues a matter of great concern. Certain species have been vanishing at a rapid rate because of wars, often with disastrous effects on the food chain and on the ecological balance. Indeed, belligerents rarely take into account the adverse consequences of their military operations on animals. They even take advantage of the chaotic circumstances of war in order to poach protected species and to engage in the trafficking of expensive animal products. While generating billions of dollars each year, such poaching and trafficking allows armed groups to grow and to reinforce their authority over disputed territory. States have also trained, and continue to train, certain animals—principally marine mammals such as bottlenose dolphins and California sea lions—to perform military tasks, like ship and harbor protection, or mine detection and clearance. Millions of horses, mules, donkeys, camels, dogs, and birds are obliged to serve on various fronts (transport, logistics, or communications) and become particularly vulnerable targets.
Structural provinces of the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: LeDoux Christine M. , Hulbe Christina L. , Forbes Martin P. , Scambos Ted A. , Alley Karen
Published: September 2017

The surface of the Ross Ice Shelf (RIS) is textured by flow stripes, crevasses and other features related to ice flow and deformation. Here, moderate resolution optical satellite images are used to map and classify regions of the RIS characterized by different surface textures. Because the textures arise from ice deformation, the map is used to identify structural provinces with common deformation history. We classify four province types: regions associated with large outlet glaciers, shear zones, extension downstream of obstacles and suture zones between provinces with different upstream sources. Adjacent provinces with contrasting histories are in some locations deforming at different rates, suggesting that our province map is also an ice fabric map. Structural provinces have more complicated shapes in the part of the ice shelf fed by West Antarctic ice streams than in the part fed by outlet glaciers from the Transantarctic Mountains. The map may be used to infer past variations in stress conditions and flow events that cannot be inferred from flow traces alone.
The tombstone of an Ecumenical Patriarch in Muswell Hill, London: Meletios II (1700-80, r. 1768–9)
Authors: Chrysostomides Julian , Clogg Richard , Dendrinos Charalambos
Published: September 2017

This article examines the tombstone of Meletios II, a native of Tenedos, who was briefly Ecumenical Patriarch in 1768–9. It also offers an account of his troubled patriarchate and sketches events in the rest of his ecclesiastical career. This hitherto unknown tombstone has rested for an indeterminate number of years in the garden of North Bank, a large Victorian mansion in Pages Lane in the North London suburb of Muswell Hill. It appears to have been in the grounds of North Bank before the house became an annexe of Muswell Hill Methodist Church. It is not known where in the Ottoman Empire Meletios' grave was originally situated, nor has it been possible to establish the circumstances in which the tombstone came to North Bank. On the basis of the inscription on the tombstone it is possible to establish Meletios' previously unknown date of death, 5 January 1780. It appears to be one of the earliest known tombstones of an Ecumenical Patriarch during the period of the Tourkokratia.
From junta to crisis: modernization, consumerism and cultural dualisms in Greece
Authors: Tziovas Dimitris
Published: September 2017

The Greek economic crisis has triggered a self-reflexive process and prompted a re-examination of political and cultural trends in Greece since 1974 in an attempt to rethink earlier cultural approaches and practices. This article argues that a cultural perspective on the crisis can be productive insofar as it revisits key concepts and dominant models of analysis and charts cultural change in Greece from the fall of the military junta in 1974 to the beginning of the crisis in 2009. Just as the fall of the junta encouraged a re-examination of the post-civil-war period, so the current economic crisis has prompted a rethink of themetapolitefsiera. Exploring the cultural developments that have taken place during this period, this article focuses on competing notions of culture and engages with the two dreams of the post-junta period: modernization and consumerism. The aim is not to reaffirm oppositions or reverse hierarchies but to rethink cultural dualisms and explore hybrid tensions within a broader political and cultural context.
Emergency physicians’ attitudes and perceived barriers to the implementation of take-home naloxone programs in Canadian emergency departments
Authors: Lacroix Lauren , Thurgur Lisa , Orkin Aaron M. , Perry Jeffrey J. , Stiell Ian G.
Published: September 2017

Objectives

Rates of opioid-related deaths have reached the level of national public health crisis in Canada. Community-based opioid overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) programs distribute naloxone to people at risk, and the emergency department (ED) may be an underutilized setting to deliver naloxone to these people. The goal of this study was to identify Canadian emergency physicians’ attitudes and perceived barriers to the implementation of take-home naloxone programs.

Methods

This was an anonymous Web-based survey of members of the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians. Survey questions were developed by the research team and piloted for face validity and clarity. Two reminder emails were sent to non-responders at 2-week intervals. Respondent demographics were collected, and Likert scales were used to assess attitudes and barriers to the prescription of naloxone from the ED.

Results

A total of 459 physicians responded. The majority of respondents were male (64%), worked in urban tertiary centres (58.3%), and lived in Ontario (50.6%). Overall, attitudes to OEND were strongly positive; 86% identified a willingness to prescribe naloxone from the ED. Perceived barriers included support for patient education (57%), access to follow-up (44%), and inadequate time (37%). In addition to people at risk of overdose, 77% of respondents identified that friends and family members may also benefit.

Conclusions

Canadian emergency physicians are willing to distribute take-home naloxone, but thoughtful systems are required to facilitate opioid OEND implementation. These data will inform the development of these programs, with emphasis on multidisciplinary training and education.
Contribution of Prior, Multiple-, and Repetitive Surgeries to the Risk of Surgical Site Infections in the Netherlands
Authors: Verberk Janneke D. M. , Meijs Anouk P. , Vos Margreet C. , Schreurs Liesbeth M. A. , Geerlings Suzanne E. , de Greeff Sabine C. , Koek Mayke B. G.
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVE

Surveillance is an important strategy to reduce the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs). We investigated whether prior, multiple-, or repetitive surgeries are risk factors for SSI and whether they should be preserved in the protocol of the Dutch national SSI surveillance network.

METHODS

Dutch national SSI surveillance data 2012–2015 were selected, including 34 commonly performed procedures from 8 major surgical specialties. Definitions of SSIs followed international standardized criteria. We used multivariable multilevel logistic regression techniques to evaluate whether prior, multiple-, or repetitive procedure(s) are risk factors for SSIs. We considered surgeries clustered within partnerships of medical specialists and within hospitals (random effects) and different baseline risks between surgical specialties (fixed effects). Several patient and surgical characteristics were considered possible confounders and were included where necessary. We performed analyses for superficial and deep SSIs combined as well as separately.

RESULTS

In total, 115,943 surgeries were reported by 85 hospitals; among them, 2,960 (2.6%) resulted in SSIs (49.3% deep SSIs). The odds ratio (OR) for having prior surgery was 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74–1.20); the OR for repetitive surgery was 2.39 (95% CI, 2.06–2.77); and the OR for multiple surgeries was1.27 (95% CI, 1.07–1.51). The latter effect was mainly caused by prolonged duration of surgery.

CONCLUSIONS

Multiple- and repetitive surgeries significantly increased the risk of an SSI, whereas prior surgery did not. Therefore, prior surgery is not an essential data item to include in the national SSI surveillance network. The increased risk of SSIs for multiple surgeries was mainly caused by prolonged duration of surgery, therefore, it may be sufficient to report only duration of surgery to the surveillance network, instead of both (the variables duration of surgery and multiple surgeries).

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1298–1305
Introduction History Influences Aboveground Biomass Allocation in Brazilian Peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius)
Authors: Erickson Kelley D. , Pratt Paul D. , Rayamajhi Min B. , Horvitz Carol C.
Published: September 2017

Multiple introductions of an exotic species can facilitate invasion success by allowing for a wider range of expressed trait values in the adventive range. Schinus terebinthifolius (Brazilian peppertree) is an invasive shrub that was introduced into Florida in two separate introductions and has subsequently hybridized, resulting in three distinct lineages (eastern, western, and hybrid). To determine whether allocation of aboveground biomass differed by introduction history, we destructively sampled 257 stems from each of six populations with differing introduction histories. The proportion of aboveground biomass allocated to fruit, wood, and leaves differed among the three populations. To determine whether the relationship between stem size and several dependent variables that measure plant performance (total dry weight, wood dry weight, number of fruits, fruit dry weight, leaf dry weight, and number of leaves) differed quantitatively by introduction history, we performed analyses of covariance. Slopes of these relationships (dependent variable vs. stem size) varied by lineage. Hybrid populations had the steepest slopes for one set of dependent variables (total dry weight, wood dry weight, and leaf dry weight), while western populations had the steepest slopes for a different set of dependent variables (number of fruits, fruit dry weight, and number of leaves). The parameterized regression equations for each dependent variable and lineage were used to nondestructively estimate different kinds of production by individuals that are part of long-term longitudinal studies to understand the demographic consequences of these different biomass allocation strategies for the performance of S. terebinthifolius individuals across the invaded range in Florida.
RECENTLY DISCOVERED NEO-ASSYRIAN ROYAL INSCRIPTIONS FROM THE REVIEW PALACE AND NERGAL GATE OF NINEVEH
Authors: Al-Juboori Ali. Y.
Published: September 2017

Between 1987 and 1992, Iraqi archaeologists under the direction of the local Inspectorate of Antiquities undertook excavations at Nineveh. In particular, they excavated east of the mosque located on the smaller mound of Nebi Yunus and at the Nergal Gate, the middle gate of the northern city wall. At the Nergal Gate, an inscription of Sennacherib was found on two bull colossi and two paving stones. At Nebi Yunus, a few inscribed clay and stone objects were discovered in the ruins of the armoury, the so-called “Rear Palace” (or “Review Palace”). These included a slab of Ashurnaṣirpal II, a prism fragment of Esarhaddon, two human-headed winged bull colossi of Esarhaddon, a winged-bull of Ashurbanipal, and an unsculpted wall slab of Ashurbanipal. Then, after east Mosul was liberated from ISIS/Daʾesh occupation in early 2017, seven further inscriptions of Esarhaddon were discovered in looters’ tunnels under the destroyed mosque. All of those inscriptions are edited here.
How ambidextrous organizational culture affects job performance: A multilevel study of the mediating effect of psychological capital
Authors: Lee Jee Young , Seo Yumi , Jeung Wonho , Kim Joon-ho
Published: September 2017

Ambidexterity organization, which is defined as the ability of an organization to simultaneously pursues exploration and exploitation, has received attention by researchers who have examined its beneficial effect on organizational performance and success. This study attempted to examine the positive effect of ambidextrous organization culture (AOC), which is regarded as the core characteristic of ambidextrous organizations by using a multilevel model. Specifically, this study examined the effects of AOC on members’ job performance and the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between AOC and job performance. The results indicated that AOC had a significantly positive relationship with job performance even after controlling various organizational and individual variables. Moreover, we found that psychological capital fully mediated the relationship between AOC and members’ job performance. This study provides theoretical contributions by empirically examining the positive effect and mechanism of AOC. Furthermore, this study offers practical implications in how practitioners can manage their organizational culture, by helping shape the direction of organizational culture management.
A rare disc-like holdfast of the Ediacaran macroalga from South China
Authors: Wang Ye , Wang Yue , Du Wei
Published: September 2017

The fixing organ of the Precambrian macroalga was briefly described by most researchers as a holdfast or rhizoid, suggesting a fixation structure and/or tissue differentiation. An Ediacaran macroscopic alga,Discusphyton whenghuiensisn. gen. n. sp., with a complex disc-like holdfast and an unbranching thallus, has been collected, together with abundant and diverse macrofossils (i.e., the Wenghui biota) in black shales of the upper Doushantuo Formation (~560–551 Ma) in northeastern Guizhou, South China. The Wenghui biota lived in a relatively low-energy marine environment and was preserved in situ or nearby their growth position. Morphologically, the macroalgal thallus, including the compressed lamina and cylindrical stipe, might have been suspended in the water column for photosynthesis. Its holdfast, a rare fixing form, is complex in structure and construction, consisting of a globular rhizome and a discoidal rhizoid. The large-sized discoidal rhizoid is regarded as a flat-bottomed and dome-shaped organ to attach the macroalga on the water-rich muddy seafloor. The globular rhizome, expanded by a thallus on the substrate, was originally harder and spherical nature within the dome-shaped rhizoid. It may have been an important organ as a steering knuckle to connect between the stipe and the rhizoid. The macroscopic metaphyteD.whenghuiensisn. gen. n. sp. shows the appearance of complex holdfast in morphology and bio-functions. However, not enough is known, in the absence of more information, to decipher the phylogenetic affinity ofD.whenghuiensisn. gen. n. sp. and the origin of a discoidal rhizoid.
5.000 AÑOS DE PESCA EN LA BAHÍA SAN ANTONIO, RÍO NEGRO, PATAGONIA ARGENTINA
Authors: Scartascini Federico Luis
Published: September 2017

El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar el registro ictioarqueológico y discutir las variaciones cronológicas en la explotación de los peces en la localidad arqueológica de Bahía San Antonio y su área de influencia, en la costa norte de la provincia de Río Negro, Patagonia Argentina. La muestra analizada alcanza los 7.473 restos ictioarqueológicos, que provienen tanto de excavaciones como de contextos superficiales. Se determinaron las especies y las partes representadas y se estimaron las tallas de Micropogonias furnieri a partir de los otolitos recuperados. Los resultados indican cambios temporales en el uso de los peces en el área, tanto en la frecuencia como en la diversidad de especies. Finalmente, se ponderan estos resultados en relación a la información disponible a nivel regional y se discute el rol de la pesca en este sector del espacio costero norpatagónico.
Legacies of Fascism: architecture, heritage and memory in contemporary Italy
Authors: Malone Hannah
Published: September 2017

This article examines how Italy has dealt with the physical remains of the Fascist regime, as a window onto Italian attitudes to the past. Theventennioleft indelible marks on Italy’s cities in the form of urban projects, individual buildings, monuments, plaques and street names. In effect, the survival of physical traces contrasts with the hazy memories of Fascism that exist within the Italian collective consciousness. Conspicuous, yet mostly ignored, Italy’s Fascist heritage is hidden in plain sight. However, from the 1990s, buildings associated with the regime have sparked a number of debates regarding the public memory of Fascism. Although these debates present an opportunity to re-examine history, they may also be symptomatic of a crisis in the Italian polity and of attempts to rehabilitate Fascism through historical revisionism.
Late Quaternary loess and soils on uplands in the Canyonlands and Mesa Verde areas, Utah and Colorado
Authors: Reheis Marith C. , Goldstein Harland L. , Reynolds Richard L. , Forman Steven L. , Mahan Shannon A. , Carrara Paul E.
Published: September 2017

Thin loess deposits on the uplands of the southeastern Colorado Plateau have previously not been well studied. We sampled deposits and soils from trenches on Hatch Point (HP) mesa near Canyonlands National Park, Utah, and from two outcrops in Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado. At HP, the oldest buried unit yielded 2 optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages of 10,370 and 7555 yr; the middle unit yielded 10 OSL ages from 6220 to 1385 yr; and the youngest unit had a single age of 1740 yr. At Mesa Verde (MV), three loess units are preserved in the two outcrops we examined; 6 OSL ages range from 51 to 17 ka. At least one buried soil is present between two units with ages of about 50 and 40 ka. The ages of the loess units in both study areas correspond well with OSL-dated dune sands in Canyonlands National Park and with dune sands on Black Mesa, Arizona. Particle-size distribution combined with chemical and magnetic data indicate that HP loess was derived mostly from nearby sandstone sources with a small component of far-traveled atmospheric dust, whereas MV loess was sourced both from the nearby sandstone and the San Juan River and its tributaries.
Field-evolved resistance to λ-cyhalothrin in the lady beetleEriopis connexa
Authors: Costa P.M.G. , Torres J.B. , Rondelli V.M. , Lira R.
Published: September 2017

Natural enemies are exposed to insecticide sprays for herbivorous species and may evolve field resistance to insecticides. Natural enemies selected for resistance in the field, however, are welcome for pest control. The susceptibility of 20 populations ofEriopis connexafrom various crop ecosystems to λ-cyhalothrin was tested. Three bioassays were conducted: (i) topical treatment with lethal dose (LD)50previously determined for populations considered standard for susceptibility (LD50S) and for resistance (LD50R) to λ-cyhalothrin at technical grade; (ii) dose–mortality assay to calculate the LD for populations exhibiting significant survival to the LD50R; and (iii) determination of survival when exposed to dried residues at field rates. Among the 20 tested populations, seven populations did not survive or survival rates were lower than 10% when treated with LD50R; three populations survived >20%, but lower than 50%; while ten populations exhibited equal or greater survival rates compared with the 50% expected survival for the LD50R. Thus, these ten populations were subjected to dose–mortality response, and the LD50values varied from 0.046 to 5.44 µg a.i./insect with resistance ratio of 8.52- to 884.08-folds. Adults from these ten populations that were ranked as resistant according to the LD50Rexhibited survival from 44.5 to 100% exposed to the lowest and from 38.8 to 100% exposed to the highest field rates of λ-cyhalothrin, respectively. Otherwise, the remaining ten populations ranked as susceptible according to the LD50Rshowed survival from 3.3 to 56% exposed to the lowest and from 0 to 17.7% exposed to the highest field rates of λ-cyhalothrin, respectively. Therefore, 50% of the testedE. connexapopulations exhibited field-evolved resistance to λ-cyhalothrin and the use of a discriminatory LD50for resistance matched the survival obtained when exposed to the insecticide field rates.
Occupation and the Political Economy of Trade: Job Routineness, Offshorability, and Protectionist Sentiment
Authors: Owen Erica , Johnston Noel P.
Published: September 2017

The recent backlash against globalization in many advanced economies raises questions about the source of this protectionist sentiment. Traditional accounts generally attribute the welfare consequences of trade to skill level or industry characteristics, or instead emphasize the nonmaterial determinants of support for openness. Consequently, we know little about how a major labor market characteristic—occupation—shapes both the distributional consequences of and preferences toward trade openness. We propose and test a new theory of trade policy preferences based on occupation characteristics. Drawing from the tasks literature in economics, we argue that occupation characteristics are a key determinant of how trade affects workers and thus individuals' trade preferences. Our theory suggests that, in advanced economies, individuals in routine-task-intensive occupations will be negatively affected by trade, and thus more protectionist. This relationship will increase in the degree to which occupation job tasks can be provided from a distance (i.e., offshorable). We find support for our theory using data from the 2003 and 2013 International Social Survey Programme in high-income democracies. Our results suggest that the occupational characteristics of routineness and offshorability are important determinants of trade preferences, offering additional understanding of the sources of protectionist sentiment even after controlling for labor market characteristics suggested by conventional wisdom.
Brain-relevant antibodies in first-episode psychosis: a matched case–control study
Authors: Gaughran Fiona , Lally John , Beck Katherine , McCormack Ruaidhri , Gardner-Sood Poonam , Coutinho Ester , Jacobson Leslie , Lang Bethan , Sainz-Fuertes Ricardo , Papanastasiou Evangelos , Di Forti Marta , Nicholson Tim , Vincent Angela , Murray Robin M.
Published: September 2017

Background

There has been much recent excitement about the possibility that some cases of psychosis may be wholly due to brain-reactive antibodies, with antibodies to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and the voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC)-complex reported in a few patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP).

Methods

Participants were recruited from psychiatric services in South London, UK, from 2009 to 2011 as part of the Genetics and Psychosis study. We conducted a case–control study to examine NMDAR and VGKC-complex antibody levels and rates of antibody positivity in 96 patients presenting with FEP and 98 controls matched for age and sex. Leucine-rich glioma inactiviated-1 (LGI1) and contactin-associated protein (CASPR) antibodies were also measured. Notably, patients with suspicion of organic disease were excluded.

Results

VGKC-complex antibodies were found in both cases (n = 3) and controls (n = 2). NMDAR antibody positivity was seen in one case and one control. Either LGI1-Abs or CASPR2-Abs were found in three cases and three controls. Neuronal antibody staining, consistent with the above results or indicating potential novel antigens, was overall positive in four patients but also in six controls. Overall, antibody positivity was at low levels only and not higher in cases than in controls.

Conclusions

This case–control study of the prevalence of antibodies in FEP does not provide evidence to support the hypothesis that FEP is associated with an immune-mediated process in a subgroup of patients. Nevertheless, as other bio-clinical factors may influence the effect of such antibodies in a given individual, and patients with organic neurological disease may be misdiagnosed as FEP, the field requires more research to put these findings in context.