bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dispersion Stability of Carbon Nanotubes and Their Impact on Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Choi Chunghyeon , Yun Tae Gwang , Hwang Byungil
Published: September 2023

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with their extraordinary combination of mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, have emerged as a revolutionary class of nanomaterials with immense potential in energy storage and harvesting devices. Realizing this potential hinges on a fundamental challenge: the dispersion stability of CNTs within various matrices. This review paper provides a comprehensive exploration of the critical interplay between CNT dispersion stability and its far-reaching implications for the performance of energy storage and harvesting technologies. By delving into the underlying mechanisms of dispersion, the strategies to achieve stability, and the direct effects on device functionality, this review sheds light on the intricate relationship between nanotube dispersion and the advancement of energy-related applications.
The Sex Ratio Indicates the Conclusion and Onset of Population Cycles in the Beet Webworm Loxostege sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Cheng Yunxia , Hu Min , Kang Aiguo , Xiao Yonghong , Luo Lizhi , Jiang Xingfu
Published: September 2023

Beet webworms, Loxostege sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), are one of the most destructive pest insects in northern China, and their populations outbreak periodically. Developing an indicator that defines the ending and beginning of the occurrence period cycle is urgent for the population forecast and theoretical study. The sex ratio can be a primary pathway through which species regulate population size. We measured the maximum mating potential of both females and males and the population net reproductive rate under different sex ratios (e.g., 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3). The maximum mating frequency of males was 2.91 times that of females. The progeny contribution per mating decreased with increased mating times in males. The variation in population net reproductive rate affected by the sex ratio fits the parabolic curve analysis and peaked at 1.82 for females vs. males. Our results illustrate the quantitative connection phenomenon shown by the historical data: population outbreaks occur at a sex ratio of two or more and collapse at a sex rate lower than one. Simultaneously, the sex ratio may be utilized as a definite indicator for the beginning and end of the future occurrence cycle in the beet webworm.
Ant Community Is Not Influenced by the Addition of Olive Mill Pomace Compost in Two Different Olive Crop Managements
Authors: González-Zamora José E. , Gamero-Monge José M. , Pérez-de la Luz Rosa
Published: September 2023

Industrial production of olive oil generates large amounts of solid waste called ‘alperujo’. Its compost can fertilize many crops, especially olives. Furthermore, superintensive orchards are increasing their surface globally due to higher production and savings in different costs. Ants are considered an important part of the arthropod community in olive orchards and could even play a significant role in pest control. The tree canopy and ground were sampled to compare the ant assemblage in plots fertilized with compost and mineral products in two groves with different types of crop management (superintensive and traditional) over two years. The numbers of ants in both types of fertilization in each grove were not statistically different (p > 0.05), indicating that the type of fertilization did not have a significant impact on its populations in the ground or in the canopy, but the number of individuals was significantly higher in the superintensive grove than in the traditional grove (both in the ground and in the canopy, p < 0.01). The most frequent species in the ground were Pheidole pallidula, Plagiolepis smitzii and Aphaenogaster senilis (superintensive grove) and Pheidole pallidula, Tetramorium gr semilaeve, Plagiolepis pygmaea, and Tapinoma nigerrimum (traditional grove). In the canopy, the most frequent species were Plagiolepis spp. in both groves. Differences in ant densities and species between the groves could be due to the different management, especially of the soil, but it must be confirmed using more replicas and longer periods of study.
Meta-Analysis of Herbicide Non-Target Effects on Pest Natural Enemies
Authors: Zilnik Gabriel , Bergeron Paul E. , Chuang Angela , Diepenbrock Lauren , Hanel Aldo , Middleton Eric , Moretti Erica , Schmidt-Jeffris Rebecca
Published: September 2023

A critical component of integrated pest management is minimizing disruption of biological control by reducing the use of pesticides with significant non-target effects on natural enemies. Insecticide non-target effects testing for natural enemies has become increasingly common, but research examining the non-target effects of herbicides on natural enemies is scarce, and recommendations regarding herbicide selectivity are non-existent. We used meta-analysis to summarize laboratory bioassays testing non-target effects of herbicides on arthropod natural enemies and identify patterns in taxon susceptibility and active ingredient toxicity. Data were extracted from 78 papers representing 801 total observations. Herbicides increased natural enemy mortality and decreased longevity, reproduction, and predation. Mesostigmatan mites and hemipterans were the most sensitive to herbicides, and spiders, neuropterans, and hymenopterans were the least sensitive. Mortality was higher in juvenile predators versus parasitoids but did not differ between adults; parasitoid juveniles are likely better protected within the host. In terms of acute mortality, metribuzin, glufosinate, and oxyfluorfen were the most harmful herbicides. Only nicosulfuron, rimsulfuron, pendimethalin, phenmedipham, atrazine, and urea did not increase natural enemy mortality. The large effect size of glufosinate is particularly concerning, as it is the most likely replacement herbicide for glyphosate in many crops. Many active ingredients remain under-studied. Our analysis indicates that herbicides have a strong potential to disrupt biological control in cropping systems.
Antiplatelet and Anti-Coagulation Therapy for Left-Sided Catheter Ablations: What Is beyond Atrial Fibrillation?
Authors: Nesti Martina , Lucà Fabiana , Duncker David , De Sensi Francesco , Malaczynska-Rajpold Katarzyna , Behar Jonathan M. , Waldmann Victor , Ammar Ahmed , Mirizzi Gianluca , Garcia Rodrigue , Arnold Ahran , Mikhaylov Evgeny N. , Kosiuk Jedrzej , Sciarra Luigi
Published: September 2023

Aim: International guidelines on the use of anti-thrombotic therapies in left-sided ablations other than atrial fibrillation (AF) are lacking. The data regarding antiplatelet or anticoagulation strategies after catheter ablation (CA) procedures mainly derive from AF, whereas for the other arrhythmic substrates, the anti-thrombotic approach remains unclear. This survey aims to explore the current practices regarding antithrombotic management before, during, and after left-sided endocardial ablation, not including atrial fibrillation (AF), in patients without other indications for anti-thrombotic therapy. Material and Methods: Electrophysiologists were asked to answer a questionnaire containing questions on antiplatelet (APT) and anticoagulation therapy for the following left-sided procedures: accessory pathway (AP), atrial (AT), and ventricular tachycardia (VT) with and without structural heart disease (SHD). Results: We obtained 41 answers from 41 centers in 15 countries. For AP, before ablation, only four respondents (9.7%) used antiplatelets and two (4.9%) used anticoagulants. At discharge, APT therapy was prescribed by 22 respondents (53.7%), and oral anticoagulant therapy (OAC) only by one (2.4%). In patients with atrial tachycardia (AT), before ablation, APT prophylaxis was prescribed by only four respondents (9.7%) and OAC by eleven (26.8%). At discharge, APT was recommended by 12 respondents (29.3%) and OAC by 24 (58.5%). For VT without SHD, before CA, only six respondents (14.6%) suggested APT and three (7.3%) suggested OAC prophylaxis. At discharge, APT was recommended by fifteen respondents (36.6%) and OAC by five (12.2%). Regarding VT in SHD, before the procedure, eight respondents (19.5%) prescribed APT and five (12.2%) prescribed OAC prophylaxis. At discharge, the administration of anti-thrombotic therapy depended on the LV ejection fraction for eleven respondents (26.8%), on the procedure time for ten (24.4%), and on the radiofrequency time for four (9.8%), with a cut-off value from 1 to 30 min. Conclusions: Our survey indicates that the management of anti-thrombotic therapy surrounding left-sided endocardial ablation of patients without other indications for anti-thrombotic therapy is highly variable. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the safest approach to these procedures.
MGMT Methylation Is Associated with Human Papillomavirus Infection in Cervical Dysplasia: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Choi Boram , Na Yoojin , Whang Min Yeop , Ho Jung Yoon , Han Mi-Ryung , Park Seong-Woo , Song Heekyoung , Hur Soo Young , Choi Youn Jin
Published: September 2023

Cervical premalignancy/malignancy, as detected by cervical cytology or biopsy, can develop as a result of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Meanwhile, DNA methylation is known to be associated with carcinogenesis. In this study, we thus attempted to identify the association between MGMT methylation and persistent HPV infection using an Epi-TOP MPP assay. Integrative analysis of DNA methylation was carried out here using longitudinal cervical cytology samples of seven patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance/low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-US/LSIL). Then, a gene expression analysis using the longitudinal cervical cytology samples and a public database (The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)) was performed. Upon comparing the ASC-US or LSIL samples at the 1st collection and the paired samples at the 2nd collection more than 6 months later, we found that they became hypermethylated over time. Then, using the longitudinal data, we found that the MGMT methylation was associated with HPV infection. Moreover, TCGA dataset revealed an association between downregulated MGMT mRNA expression and poor overall survival. This decreased MGMT mRNA expression was observed to have an inverse relationship with MGMT methylation levels. In this study, we found that the MGMT methylation level could potentially serve as a valuable prognostic indicator for the transition from ASC-US/LSIL to cervical cancer.
Eating Behaviours, Oral Hygiene, and Caries in a Population of Spanish Children with Divorced Parents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Moya-López María , Gómez-De Diego Rafael , Carrillo-Díaz María , Romero-Maroto Martín , Ruiz-Guillén Ana
Published: September 2023

Dental caries are a public health problem that is influenced by dietary habits. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the feeding and hygiene habits that divorced parents exercise over their children compared to non-divorced parents, and how this may influence the rate of caries in their children. The data of participants (n = 174) with an average age of 12.17 ± 2.04 years were examined to assess the mean decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) index, and they were asked questions about their oral hygiene habits. At the same time, their parents answered the parental feeding style questionnaire. A moderation analysis was conducted with family control of oral hygiene habit levels as an independent variable, decayed teeth as a dependent variable, and feeding control as a moderating variable. Results showed that divorced parents were found to have more problems in controlling their children’s hygiene and dietary habits, have less control over their children’s feeding, and make more use of instrumental feeding, which led to children of divorced parents having more caries. Despite the limitations linked to the cross-sectional design of the study and considering both the convenience sample and the impossibility of controlling for all aetiological factors linked to the development of caries, it can be concluded that children of divorced parents have an increased risk of tooth decay. However, parental controlled feeding interferes with the effect of family controlled oral hygiene habits on the decayed tooth, decreasing the rate of caries.
Preventive and Therapeutic Effect of Metformin in Head and Neck Cancer: A Concise Review
Authors: Bouland Cyril , Vanden Eynden Xavier , Lalmand Martin , Buset Thibaut , Yanni Antoine , Javadian Rokneddine , Rodriguez Alexandra , Loeb Isabelle , Lechien Jérôme R. , Journe Fabrice , Saussez Sven , Dequanter Didier
Published: September 2023

Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a complex affection. Nowadays, conventional treatments are associated with many side effects, reducing the patient’s quality of life. Recent studies suggest that metformin, a first-line treatment for diabetes, could decrease cancer incidence and improve cancer-related survival rates. Methods: This systematic review summarizes important data from studies evaluating metformin’s contribution to preventing and treating HNC. Results: The results suggest a protective effect of metformin in HNC. However, no consensus has been found on its therapeutic effects. Metformin seems to confer an improved cancer-related survival rate in a diabetic population, but compared to a non-diabetic population, the review could not identify any advantages. Nevertheless, no studies presented a negative impact. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results of this systematic review suggest that HNC patients may benefit from metformin. Indeed, it would reduce the HNC incidence. However, more studies are required to evaluate the effect on cancer-related survival rates.
A Transcriptomic Severity Classifier IMX-SEV-3b to Predict Mortality in Intensive Care Unit Patients with COVID-19: A Prospective Observational Pilot Study
Authors: Daenen Katrijn , Tong-Minh Kirby , Liesenfeld Oliver , Stoof Sara C. M. , Huijben Jilske A. , Dalm Virgil A. S. H. , Gommers Diederik , van Gorp Eric C. M. , Endeman Henrik
Published: September 2023

The prediction of disease outcomes in COVID-19 patients in the ICU is of critical importance, and the examination of host gene expressions is a promising tool. The 29-host mRNA Inflam-matix-Severity-3b (IMX-SEV-3b) classifier has been reported to predict mortality in emergency department COVID-19 patients and surgical ICU patients. The accuracy of the IMX-SEV-3b in predicting mortality in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU is yet unknown. Our aim was to investigate the accuracy of the IMX-SEV-3b in predicting the ICU mortality of COVID-19 patients. In addition, we assessed the predictive performance of routinely measured biomarkers and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score as well. This was a prospective observational study enrolling COVID-19 patients who received mechanical ventilation on the ICU of the Erasmus MC, the Netherlands. The IMX-SEV-3b scores were generated by amplifying 29 host response genes from blood collected in PAXgene® Blood RNA tubes. A severity score was provided, ranging from 0 to 1 for increasing disease severity. The primary outcome was the accuracy of the IMX-SEV-3b in predicting ICU mortality, and we calculated the AUROC of the IMX-SEV-3b score, the biomarkers C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, ferritin, leukocyte count, interleukin-6 (IL-6), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), procalcitonin (PCT) and the SOFA score. A total of 53 patients were included between 1 March and 30 April 2020, with 47 of them being included within 72 h of their admission to the ICU. Of these, 18 (34%) patients died during their ICU stay, and the IMX-SEV-3b scores were significantly higher in non-survivors compared to survivors (0.65 versus 0.57, p = 0.05). The Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUROC) for prediction of ICU mortality by the IMX-SEV-3b was 0.65 (0.48–0.82). The AUROCs of the biomarkers ranged from 0.52 to 0.66, and the SOFA score had an AUROC of 0.81 (0.69–0.93). The AUROC of the pooled biomarkers CRP, D-dimer, ferritin, leukocyte count, IL-6, LDH, NLR and PCT for prediction of ICU mortality was 0.81 (IQR 0.69–0.93). Further validation in a larger interventional trial of a point-of-care version of the IMX-SEV-3b classifier is warranted to determine its value for patient management.
Diagnostic Puzzles and Cause-Targeted Treatment Strategies in Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries: An Updated Review
Authors: Samaras Athanasios , Moysidis Dimitrios V. , Papazoglou Andreas S. , Rampidis Georgios , Kampaktsis Polydoros N. , Kouskouras Konstantinos , Efthymiadis Georgios , Ziakas Antonios , Fragakis Nikolaos , Vassilikos Vasileios , Giannakoulas George
Published: September 2023

Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is a distinct subtype of myocardial infarction (MI), occurring in about 8–10% of spontaneous MI cases referred for coronary angiography. Unlike MI with obstructive coronary artery disease, MINOCA’s pathogenesis is more intricate and heterogeneous, involving mechanisms such as coronary thromboembolism, coronary vasospasm, microvascular dysfunction, dissection, or plaque rupture. Diagnosing MINOCA presents challenges and includes invasive and non-invasive strategies aiming to differentiate it from alternative diagnoses and confirm the criteria of elevated cardiac biomarkers, non-obstructive coronary arteries, and the absence of alternate explanations for the acute presentation. Tailored management strategies for MINOCA hinge on identifying the underlying cause of the infarction, necessitating systematic diagnostic approaches. Furthermore, determining the optimal post-MINOCA medication regimen remains uncertain. This review aims to comprehensively address the current state of knowledge, encompassing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, in the context of MINOCA while also highlighting the evolving landscape and future directions for advancing our understanding and management of this intricate myocardial infarction subtype.
The Triglyceride–Glucose Index Might Be a Better Indicator for Predicting Poor Cardiovascular Outcomes in Chronic Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Erdoğan Aslan , İnan Duygu , Genç Ömer , Yıldız Ufuk , Demirtola Ayşe İrem , Çetin İlyas , Güler Yeliz , Tekin Ali Fuat , Barutçu Süleyman , Güler Ahmet , Karagöz Ali
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to explore the potential association between the triglyceride–glucose index (TyG) and the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP)—both considered surrogate markers for atherosclerosis—and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients diagnosed with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). We conducted a retrospective analysis, encompassing 715 consecutive patients with intermediate CCS risk, who presented at the outpatient clinic between June 2020 and August 2022. MACEs included non-fatal myocardial infarction, hospitalization for heart failure, cerebrovascular events, non-cardiac mortality, and cardiac mortality. The primary outcome was the composite occurrence of MACEs during the follow-up period. For time-to-event analysis of the primary outcome, we employed Kaplan–Meier plots and Cox proportional hazard models. The median age of the overall study population was 55 years, with a median follow-up duration of 17 months. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified age, hypertension, Coronary Artery Disease–Reporting and Data System score, and TyG index as independent predictors of the primary outcome. Notably, individuals with high TyG levels exhibited a significantly higher primary outcome rate compared to those with low TyG levels (18.7% vs. 3.8%, p < 0.001). Similarly, patients with elevated TyG values demonstrated statistically higher rates of cerebrovascular events, hospitalizations for heart failure, non-fatal myocardial infarctions, non-cardiac mortality, and cardiac mortality. These findings suggest that TyG may serve as a predictive marker for adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CCS.
Role of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors in Chronic Kidney Disease, Congestive Heart Failure and Stroke—A Review and Clinical Guide for Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Singh Prabhat , Goyal Lokesh , Mallick Deobrat C. , Surani Salim R. , Yashi Kanica
Published: September 2023

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) causes a progressive decline in renal function, leading to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), and increases the likelihood of cardiovascular events and mortality. The recent introduction of the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor has been a game changer in managing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and congestive heart failure (CHF). These agents not only slow down the progression of kidney disease but also have cardioprotective benefits, including for patients with congestive heart failure and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Some evidence suggests that they can decrease the risk of stroke as well. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of SGLT-2 inhibitors in CKD and CHF and their efficacy in stroke prevention. This review includes a comparison with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist and finerenone; focuses on safety data, the potential benefits beyond glycemic control, and a review of significant trials; and provides guidance in clinical practice.
Periacetabular Osteotomy with a Modified Fixation Technique Using K-Wires Shows Clinical Results Comparable to Screw Fixation at Mid-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Leopold Vincent Justus , Hipfl Christian , Zahn Robert Karl , Pumberger Matthias , Perka Carsten , Hardt Sebastian
Published: September 2023

Background: The optimal fixation technique in periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) remains controversial. Modified fixation with Kirschner wires (K-wires) was described as a feasible and safe alternative. However, clinical follow-up of patients treated with this technique is lacking. Aims: To assess patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) in patients treated with PAO with the K-wire fixation technique and to compare it with the screw fixation technique. Methods: We conducted an analysis of 202 consecutive PAOs at a single university center between January 2015 and June 2017. A total of 120 cases with complete datasets were included in the final analysis. PAOs with K-wire fixation (n = 63) were compared with screw fixation (n = 57). Mean follow-up was 63 ± 10 months. PROMs assessed included the International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT 12), Subjective Hip Value (SHV), and UCLA activity score (UCLA). Pain and patient satisfaction (NRS) were evaluated. Joint preservation was defined as non-conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA). Results: Preoperative baseline PROMs in both fixation groups were similar. In both groups, PROMs (p = <0.001) and pain (p = <0.001) improved significantly. Postoperative functional outcome was similar in both groups: iHOT 12 (71.8 ± 25.1 vs. 73 ± 21.1; p = 0.789), SHV (77.9 ± 21.2 vs. 82.4 ± 13.1; p = 0.192), UCLA (6.9 ± 1.6 vs. 6.9 ± 1.9; p = 0.909), and pain (2.4 ± 2.1 vs. 2.0 ± 2.1; p = 0.302). Patient satisfaction did not differ significantly (7.6 ± 2.6 vs. 8.2 ± 2.2; p = 0.170). Conversion to THA was low in both groups (two vs. none; p = 0.497). Conclusion: Periacetabular osteotomy with K-wire fixation provided good clinical results at mid-term follow-up, comparable to those of screw fixation. The technique can therefore be considered a viable option when deciding on the fixation technique in PAO.
Reliability of Long Vein Grafts for Reconstruction of Massive Wounds
Authors: Chuong Brian , Katira Kristopher , Ramsay Taylor , LoGiudice John , Martin Antony
Published: September 2023

When handling large wounds, zone of injury is a key concept in reconstructive microsurgery, as it pertains to the selection of recipient vessels. Historically, surgeons have avoided placing microvascular anastomosis within widely traumatized, inflamed, or radiated fields. The harvest of vein grafts facilitates reconstruction in complex cases by extending arterial and/or venous pedicle length. To illustrate the utility and fidelity of these techniques, this paper reviews the indications and outcomes for vein grafting in ten consecutive patients at a single tertiary referral center hospital. The case series presented is unique in three aspects. First, there are two cases of successful coaptation of the flap artery to the side of the arterial limb of an arteriovenous loop. Second, there is a large proportion of cases where vein grafts were used to elongate the venous pedicle. In these 10 cases, the mean vein graft length was 37 cm. We observed zero flap failures and zero amputations. Although limited in sample size, these case data support the efficacy and reliability of long segment vein grafting in complex cases in referral centers.
Evolving a Model for Cochlear Implant Outcome
Authors: Hoppe Ulrich , Hast Anne , Hornung Joachim , Hocke Thomas
Published: September 2023

Background: Cochlear implantation is an efficient treatment for postlingually deafened adults who do not benefit sufficiently from acoustic amplification. Implantation is indicated when it can be foreseen that speech recognition with a cochlear implant (CI) is superior to that with a hearing aid. Especially for subjects with residual speech recognition, it is desirable to predict CI outcome on the basis of preoperative audiological tests. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to extend and refine a previously developed model for CI outcome prediction for subjects with preoperative word recognition to include subjects with no residual hearing by incorporating additional results of routine examinations. Results: By introducing the duration of unaided hearing loss (DuHL), the median absolute error (MAE) of the prediction was reduced. While for subjects with preoperative speech recognition, the model modification did not change the MAE, for subjects with no residual speech recognition before surgery, the MAE decreased from 23.7% with the previous model to 17.2% with the extended model. Conclusions: Prediction of word recognition with CI is possible within clinically relevant limits. Outcome prediction is particularly important for preoperative counseling and in CI aftercare to support systematic monitoring of CI fitting.
The Classic Three-Month Post-Operative Adaptation Phase in Foot and Ankle Surgery—An Expert Perspective
Authors: Santini Simone , Marinozzi Andrea , Herrera-Pérez Mario , Tejero Sergio , Wiewiorski Martin , de Cesar Netto Cesar , Godoy-Santos Alexandre Leme , Valderrabano Victor
Published: September 2023

Foot and ankle disorders are a common reason for orthopedic surgical intervention. After surgery, specific precautions such as partial weight bearing or complete unloading, and the use of walking aids, coupled with a period of rest, are usually implemented to ensure the surgical outcome. However, when these aids are discontinued and the patients resume load increase and normal daily activities, they may enter a transitional phase characterized by inflammation, swelling, and pain. We call this phenomenon the “classic three-month post-operative adaptation phase” (POAP). It is essential to differentiate this physiological transition phase from other conditions, such as from the immediate post-surgical inflammation, complex pain regional syndrome, or an infection. The objective of this expert opinion is to describe and raise medical awareness of this evidence-based phenomenon, which we commonly observe in our daily practice.
The Influence of Oral Terbinafine on Gut Fungal Microbiome Composition and Microbial Translocation in People Living with HIV Treated for Onychomycosis
Authors: Ouyang Jing , Yan Jiangyu , Zhou Xin , Isnard Stéphane , Tang Shengquan , Costiniuk Cecilia T. , Chen Yaling , Routy Jean-Pierre , Chen Yaokai
Published: September 2023

People living with HIV (PLWH) display altered gut epithelium that allows for the translocation of microbial products, contributing to systemic immune activation. Although there are numerous studies which examine the gut bacterial microbiome in PLWH, few studies describing the fungal microbiome, or the mycobiome, have been reported. Like the gut bacterial microbiome, the fungal microbiome and its by-products play a role in maintaining the body’s homeostasis and modulating immune function. We conducted a prospective study to assess the effects of oral terbinafine, an antifungal agent widely used against onychomycosis, on gut permeability and microbiome composition in ART-treated PLWH (trial registration: ChiCTR2100043617). Twenty participants completed all follow-up visits. During terbinafine treatment, the levels of the intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) significantly increased, and the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) significantly decreased, from baseline to week 12. Both markers subsequently returned to pre-treatment levels after terbinafine discontinuation. After terbinafine treatment, the abundance of fungi decreased significantly, while the abundance of the bacteria did not change. After terbinafine discontinuation, the abundance of fungi returned to the levels observed pre-treatment. Moreover, terbinafine treatment induced only minor changes in the composition of the gut bacterial and fungal microbiome. In summary, oral terbinafine decreases fungal microbiome abundance while only slightly influencing gut permeability and microbial translocation in ART-treated PLWH. This study’s findings should be validated in larger and more diverse studies of ART-treated PLWH; our estimates of effect size can be used to inform optimal sample sizes for future studies.
An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis in Immunocompromised People: A Report of the Fungal PCR Initiative (FPCRI)—An ISHAM Working Group
Authors: Cruciani Mario , White P. Lewis , Barnes Rosemary A. , Loeffler Juergen , Donnelly J. Peter , Rogers Thomas R. , Heinz Werner J. , Warris Adilia , Morton Charles Oliver , Lengerova Martina , Klingspor Lena , Sendid Boualem , Lockhart Deborah E. A.
Published: September 2023

This overview of reviews (i.e., an umbrella review) is designed to reappraise the validity of systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses related to the performance of Aspergillus PCR tests for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. The methodological quality of the SRs was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 checklist; the quality of the evidence (QOE) within each SR was appraised following the GRADE approach. Eight out of 12 SRs were evaluated for qualitative and quantitative assessment. Five SRs evaluated Aspergillus PCR on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and three on blood specimens. The eight SRs included 167 overlapping reports (59 evaluating PCR in blood specimens, and 108 in BAL), based on 107 individual primary studies (98 trials with a cohort design, and 19 with a case−control design). In BAL specimens, the mean sensitivity and specificity ranged from 0.57 to 0.91, and from 0.92 to 0.97, respectively (QOE: very low to low). In blood specimens (whole blood or serum), the mean sensitivity ranged from 0.57 to 0.84, and the mean specificity from 0.58 to 0.95 (QOE: low to moderate). Across studies, only a low proportion of AMSTAR-2 critical domains were unmet (1.8%), demonstrating a high quality of methodological assessment. Conclusions. Based on the overall methodological assessment of the reviews included, on average we can have high confidence in the quality of results generated by the SRs.
The Th2 Response and Alternative Activation of Macrophages Triggered by Strongyloides venezuelensis Is Linked to Increased Morbidity and Mortality Due to Cryptococcosis in Mice
Authors: Gouveia-Eufrasio Ludmila , de Freitas Gustavo José Cota , Costa Marliete Carvalho , Peres-Emidio Eluzia Castro , Carmo Paulo Henrique Fonseca , Rodrigues João Gustavo Mendes , de Rezende Michelle Carvalho , Rodrigues Vanessa Fernandes , de Brito Camila Bernardo , Miranda Guilherme Silva , de Lima Pâmela Aparecida , da Silva Lívia Mara Vitorino , Oliveira Jefferson Bruno Soares , da Paixão Tatiane Alves , da Glória de Souza Daniele , Fagundes Caio Tavares , Peres Nalu Teixeira de Aguiar , Negrão-Correa Deborah Aparecida , Santos Daniel Assis
Published: September 2023

Cryptococcosis is a systemic mycosis that causes pneumonia and meningoencephalitis. Strongyloidiasis is a chronic gastrointestinal infection caused by parasites of the genus Strongyloides. Cryptococcosis and strongyloidiasis affect the lungs and are more prevalent in the same world regions, i.e., Africa and tropical countries such as Brazil. It is undeniable that those coincidences may lead to the occurrence of coinfections. However, there are no studies focused on the interaction between Cryptococcus spp. and Strongyloides spp. In this work, we aimed to investigate the interaction between Strongyloides venezuelensis (Sv) and Cryptococcus gattii (Cg) in a murine coinfection model. Murine macrophage exposure to Sv antigens reduced their ability to engulf Cg and produce reactive oxygen species, increasing the ability of fungal growth intracellularly. We then infected mice with both pathogens. Sv infection skewed the host’s response to fungal infection, increasing lethality in a murine coinfection model. In addition to increased NO levels and arginase activity, coinfected mice presented a classic Th2 anti-Sv response: eosinophilia, higher levels of alternate activated macrophages (M2), increased concentrations of CCL24 and IL-4, and lower levels of IL-1β. This milieu favored fungal growth in the lungs with prominent translocation to the brain, increasing the host’s tissue damage. In conclusion, our data shows that primary Sv infection promotes Th2 bias of the pulmonary response to Cg-infection and worsens its pathological outcomes.
Characterization of Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of the Five Peltigera and Comparative Analysis with Relative Species
Authors: Anwar Gulmira , Mamut Reyim , Wang Jiaqi
Published: September 2023

In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genomes of five Peltigera species (Peltigera elisabethae, Peltigera neocanina, Peltigera canina, Peltigera ponojensis, Peltigera neckeri) were sequenced, assembled and compared with relative species. The five mitogenomes were all composed of circular DNA molecules, and their ranged from 58,132 bp to 69,325 bp. The mitochondrial genomes of the five Peltigera species contain 15 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNAs, 26–27 tRNAs and an unidentified open reading frame (ORF). The PCG length, AT skew and GC skew varied among the 15 PCGs in the five mitogenomes. Among the 15 PCGs, cox2 had the least K2P genetic distance, indicating that the gene was highly conserved. The synteny analysis revealed that the coding regions were highly conserved in the Peltigera mitochondrial genomes, but gene rearrangement occurred in the intergenic regions. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 14 PCGs showed that the 11 Peltigera species formed well-supported topologies, indicating that the protein-coding genes in the mitochondrial genome may be used as a reliable molecular tool in the study of the phylogenetic relationship of Peltigera.
Three-Dimensional Customized Imaging Reconstruction for Urological Surgery: Diffusion and Role in Real-Life Practice from an International Survey
Authors: Sighinolfi Maria Chiara , Menezes Aurus Dourado , Patel Vipul , Moschovas Marcio , Assumma Simone , Calcagnile Tommaso , Panio Enrico , Sangalli Mattia , Turri Filippo , Sarchi Luca , Micali Salvatore , Varca Virginia , Annino Filippo , Leonardo Costantino , Bozzini Giorgio , Cacciamani Giovanni , Gregori Andrea , Morini Elena , Terzoni Stefano , Eissa Ahmed , Rocco Bernardo
Published: September 2023

Despite the arising interest in three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction models from 2D imaging, their diffusion and perception among urologists have been scarcely explored. The aim of the study is to report the results of an international survey investigating the use of such tools among urologists of different backgrounds and origins. Beyond demographics, the survey explored the degree to which 3D models are perceived to improve surgical outcomes, the procedures mostly making use of them, the settings in which those tools are mostly applied, the surgical steps benefiting from 3D reconstructions and future perspectives of improvement. One hundred responders fully completed the survey. All levels of expertise were allowed; more than half (53%) were first surgeons, and 59% had already completed their training. Their main application was partial nephrectomy (85%), followed by radical nephrectomy and radical prostatectomy. Three-dimensional models are mostly used for preoperative planning (75%), intraoperative consultation and tailoring. More than half recognized that 3D models may highly improve surgical outcomes. Despite their recognized usefulness, 77% of responders use 3D models in less than 25% of their major operations due to costs or the extra time taken to perform the reconstruction. Technical improvements and a higher availability of the 3D models will further increase their role in surgical and clinical daily practice.
The Difference in Paraspinal Muscle Parameters and the Correlation with Health-Related Quality of Life among Healthy Individuals, Patients with Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis and Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Liu Yinhao , Yuan Lei , Zeng Yan , Ni Jiajun , Yan Shi
Published: September 2023

(1) Background: Paraspinal muscle degeneration affects the quality of life in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) and lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). We aimed to describe the characteristics and differences in the paraspinal muscle parameters between patients with DLS and LSS and investigate their correlation with health-related quality of life (HRQOL). (2) Methods: There were forty-four participants in each group, namely the DLS, LSS, and healthy groups, who were matched at a ratio of 1:1 according to age, sex, and BMI. Differences in paraspinal muscle parameters among the three groups were compared using analysis of variance or the Mann–Whitney U test, and paraspinal muscle degeneration and HRQOL were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation analysis. (3) Results: In the upper lumbar, the psoas (PS), quadratus lumborum (QL), and multifidus (MF) cross-sectional area (CSA) in the DLS group were smaller than those in the other groups. In the lower lumbar region, the CSA of the PS, QL, erector spinae (ES), and gross CSA (GCSA) of the MF in the DLS group were not significantly different from those in the LSS group. These values were lower than those observed in the healthy group. The lean muscle fat index (LMFI) of the MF and ES groups was higher than those of the other groups. Regarding HRQOL, we found that PS and MF CSA were strongly associated with HRQOL in healthy individuals; however, only MF was associated with HRQOL in the LSS group. (4): Conclusion: PS in the upper lumbar region and MF degeneration were more severe in patients with DLS than in those with LSS. ES degeneration was similar between the LSS and DLS groups. MF muscle atrophy in patients with LSS and asymmetric changes in the MF in DLS are associated with quality of life.
The Gumbel Copula Method for Estimating Value at Risk: Evidence from Telecommunication Stocks in Indonesia during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tinungki Georgina Maria , Siswanto Siswanto , Najiha Alimatun
Published: September 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial and far-reaching impact on global economic growth, extending its effects to Indonesia as well. Various sectors have witnessed a decline in stock returns as a consequence. Interestingly, the telecommunications sector has bucked this trend by experiencing an increase in stock returns, defying the negative implications of the pandemic. The relationship between returns and risk is inherently intertwined, necessitating a meticulous risk assessment. In response to this need, the Value at Risk (VaR) method has emerged as a rapidly growing and widely adopted risk measurement tool. Among the techniques employed for VaR estimation, the Monte Carlo simulation stands out due to its flexibility and comprehensiveness in accommodating factors such as time variance, volatility, returns, fat tails, and extreme scenarios. The Gumbel copula method, known for its heightened sensitivity to high-risk events, is utilized for VaR estimation on abnormal stock returns. This study aims to quantify the Value at Risk by leveraging the estimated Gumbel copula parameter for the return on the shares of PT. Indosat Ooredoo Hutchison Tbk, and PT. Smartfren Telecom Tbk during the COVID-19 pandemic. At a 90% confidence level, the VaR is determined to be 7.6%. Notably, this estimate closely aligns with the actual values, underscoring the reliability of the VaR estimation conducted using the Gumbel copula parameter estimator. Therefore, this model serves as a robust reference, particularly suitable when dealing with investment return data that deviate from the normal distribution, while considering the unique stock return characteristics within each dataset.
Sustainable Land Governance for Water–Energy–Food Systems: A Framework for Rural and Peri-Urban Revitalisation
Authors: Durán-Díaz Pamela
Published: September 2023

This research paper addresses the need for an adaptable theoretical framework in the context of sustainable land governance for Water–Energy–Food (WEF) systems, bridging the gap between international guidelines and contextual realities. The novel framework is useful to effectively tackle the intricate challenges of rural and peri-urban revitalisation in the Global South by providing a holistic approach that considers the multi-dimensional interactions of land with water, energy, and food systems. The proposed framework encompasses three main objectives: (1) a top-down approach involving policy review and legal framework analysis to contextualise and inform the decision-making process; (2) a bottom-up approach based on case studies, enabling ground-level insights, stakeholder identification, and participatory mapping to empower rural and peri-urban communities; (3) a geospatial approach utilizing GIS and spatial analysis to study the implications of land within WEF systems. Drawing on mixed methods, including a literature review, a policy review, interviews, surveys, focus group discussions, and participatory action research grounded on case studies, this research emphasises the need to integrate both top-down and bottom-up approaches for comprehensive sustainable land governance. Over the course of 2018 to 2023, 22 master’s theses were supervised, each addressing the framework’s research objectives in 14 countries in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America. Sixteen capacity building workshops in 11 countries engaged 851 participants, fostering knowledge exchange; 6 participatory action research (PAR) projects involved the installation of projects to advance food sovereignty in small communities in the Global South, following needs assessments. We showcase in this paper the PAR successfully implemented in Gitaraga, Rwanda, to validate the practical application of the proposed framework. The methodology has been useful for determining transversality, sustainability, inclusivity, adaptability, evidence-based decision-making, and policy integration as the core principles of sustainable land governance for WEF systems. The research contributes valuable insights to inform future interventions and policies that promote rural and peri-urban revitalization while addressing the ever-evolving challenges of WEF systems in the Global South.
A Comparative Analysis of the Interaction between Urban-Rural Construction Land Transition and Population Flow: Dominant and Recessive Perspectives
Authors: Xiang Shanshan , Shan Liping , Li Wuzhou , Huang Lingyan
Published: September 2023

Population flow caused by rapid urbanization has driven the urban-rural construction land transition. A systematic recognition of their interaction is essential for achieving coordinated and sustainable urban-rural development. We chose Hangzhou, one of the most urbanized cities in China, as the study area to analyze this interaction from the perspectives of dominant morphology and recessive morphology during the period of 2010 to 2020. From the perspective of dominant morphology, a structured analysis method is applied to assess the variation in the internal components. A dynamic land utilization efficiency index is proposed and combined with an original static land utilization efficiency index to comprehensively portray a complete periodicity of urban-rural construction land transition and population flow from the perspective of recessive morphology. Results demonstrate that the path dependence of rural industrialization leads to a seemingly stagnant urban-rural construction land transition in Hangzhou. Meanwhile, the rapid increase in the demographic urbanization rate has been supported by the massive inflow of external migrants. Based on the more stringent dynamic land utilization efficiency index and the more comprehensive combination of static and dynamic indices, the moderate expansion of urban construction land increases the proportion of township-level units of the intensive land utilization pattern while, instead of population loss, the general non-intensive land utilization pattern in rural areas has been driven by the overexpansion of rural residential land.
Farm Sustainability Assessment and Model: Achieving Food Security through the Food Estate Program in North Sumatra
Authors: Juhandi Dany , Darwanto Dwidjono Hadi , Masyhuri Masyhuri , Mulyo Jangkung Handoyo , Sasongko Nugroho Adi , Anda Martin , Martini Tri
Published: September 2023

Improving food crop production is critical for achieving food security. The Food Estate (FE) program initiated by the government seeks to accomplish this through extensive and intensive farming practices while taking sustainability into consideration. In this paper, a multidimensional scaling (MDS) approach to determine the status and model of agricultural sustainability of the FE program was adopted. Three scenarios were developed to improve the sustainability status based on primary data from interviews with 50 farmers in Ria-Ria Village, Pollung District, North Sumatra. The findings indicate that the farming status is at a moderate sustainability, and improving all aspects can significantly increase the sustainability value. The study suggests that the government should prioritize the improvement of all aspects to raise the sustainability status of FE farming in order to achieve food security.
Natural Dose of Blue Restoration: A Field Experiment on Mental Restoration of Urban Blue Spaces
Authors: Luo Shixian , Xie Jing , Wang Huixin , Wang Qian , Chen Jie , Yang Zhenglun , Furuya Katsunori
Published: September 2023

Urban Blue Spaces (UBS) have been found to be beneficial to people’s mental health. Yet, the empirical evidence for how and why different types of urban blue spaces could promote residents’ mental health is still limited. Accordingly, 164 observation samples were collected for this experiment relating to the restorative perception of environmental exposure. The effects of two exposure behaviors (15 min of viewing and 15 min of walking) on psychological recovery in three different urban blue spaces settings (Urban River, Urban Canal, Urban Lake) were investigated in a field experiment. These are the main findings of this current study: (1) all three UBSs increased vitality, feelings of restoration, and positive emotions, and decreased negative emotions; (2) the mental restoration effects between walking and viewing among the three UBSs showed no significant differences; (3) of the three UBSs, urban rivers and urban lakes were the most restorative, while urban canals were less so; (4) the concept of “natural health dose” is proposed, where the health experiences of different UBSs in urban settings can show differences depending on the natural components and their levels of the environment (blue, blue + green, blue + blue). The results of this experiment can provide fundamental evidence that can contribute to building healthy cities through the management and design of different blue spaces.