bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavior of FRP-RC Members during Exposure to Fire
Authors: Horak David , Zlámal Martin , Stepanek Petr
Published: October 2014

New type of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement has been developed in previous years at Brno University of Technology, which can be used for reinforcing, strengthening and prestressing of concrete structures. The main advantage of FRP reinforcement is resistibility against aggressive environment and thus the possibility to use thinner concrete cover. High durability and resistibility are demanded from modern constructions. Some of the influences cover the effects of fire exposure or high temperature in general. Hence the next part of the research is focused on resistibility of FRP reinforced structures under effects of fire. The paper deals with experiments oriented to observing the behaviour of prestressed and non-prestressed FRPRC panels subjected to fire effects as well as behaviour of FRP reinforcement itself. Results of experiments proved resistibility of FRP reinforced panels to fire effects. They also demonstrate the importance of understanding the behaviour of composite reinforcing bars alone and their behaviour along the anchoring zone in concrete members exposed to fire. A sufficient anchorage length (enabling the transfer of load from the reinforcement into the concrete) turned out to be a key feature enabling a structure to withstand over much longer time periods and even under surprisingly high temperatures.
Mechanical Properties and Resistance to Water Ingress of Cement Concrete Made with Non-Cyclic Alkanes
Authors: Jaskulski Roman , Kubissa Wojciech
Published: October 2014

The goal of presented research is an assessment of fundamental mechanical properties and resistance to water ingress of concrete with non-cyclic alkanes. Compressive and tensile strength, water absorption capacity and sorptivity of concrete made with and without an admixture of non-cyclic alkanes has been analysed. The paraffin enriched concretes have been made with 1% (C1F and C1C) and 3% (C3F and C3C) volume addition of paraffin wax. The paraffin wax has been used in two grades of comminution: fine (FP) in CxF concretes and coarse (CP) in CxC concretes. A significant (35%) loss of compressive strength of concretes with admixtures has been noticed and no loss in tensile strength was observed. Up to 25% of water absorption capacity reduction and irrefutable (8 times) sorptivity reduction has been also noticed, but only in the case of concrete made with admixture of FP.
Testing of Bond Behavior of UHPC
Authors: Citek David , Huňka Petr , Rehacek Stanislav , Mandlík Tomáš , Kolisko Jiří
Published: October 2014

Outstanding features of UHPC - Ultra High Performance Concrete are generally known. It has become increasingly used worldwide. For a better understanding of the material some features like the bond of reinforcement and UHPC has to be quantified. Research is focused on determination the bond stress between two types of the reinforcement (prestressing strands and bars) and different types of UHPC. Main goal of the research is to show significant increase in the shear stress in bond of UHPC compared to ordinary concrete. For evaluation of the bond stress the pull-out test were carried out. Specimens were prepared according to standard and tested in the laboratory. The influence of different material properties and different anchorage length of reinforcement to bond behaviour was examined.
Social media as a marketing tool: a study with reference to first time voters in the university of Colombo
Authors: Chandrasekara R. , Dharmadasa M.P.P.
Published: October 2014

Today’s political marketers are successfully driving target voters towards favourable attitude change (Henneberg, 2002). The first time voter group is an important target market in political marketing, and as identified in literature, social media and peer groups play a major role in influencing political attitudes of first time voters.This study aims to explore how first time voters form their political attitudes, from exposure to social media political campaigns and from online peer interactions. The Processes of Compliance, Identification and Internalization in the Social Influence theory was used as a theoretical lens; data was gathered through 21 semi-structured in-depth interviews, and thematic Analysis was used to analyze data, under an exhaustive coding process.Research findings indicate that first time voters’ political attitudes were mostly formed and driven on achieving personal goals; that is, individuals were more concerned with the long lasting effects of value congruence (Internalization), rather than the social effect (Compliance) or social anchorage (Identification) of behaviour. Further, online peer interactions on social media was a strong source of influence (for political attitude formation), than mere passive exposure to political campaigns on social media. The most influential peers were ‘high status peers’ with direct political connections, acting as strong opinion leaders. Furthermore, first time voters are influenced due to the perceived credibility of peers (through Internalization), as opposed to their controlling power (Compliance) or attractiveness (Identification).The Kelaniya Journal of Management, Vol. 3(1); 2014: 42-62
Check-list dei mammiferi nella Riserva naturale di Monticchie (Lodi; Italia settentrionale) - 1985-2012
Authors: Ferri Vincenzo , Soccini Christiana , Battisti Corrado
Published: October 2014

Relativamente ad una area protetta della bassa pianura lodigiana (Riserva naturale di Monticchie, Lodi), è stata ottenuta una check-list di mammiferi su un arco temporale relativamente ampio (1985-2012). La lista (39 specie) comprende alcuni taxa rari e localizzati nella pianura padana (es., alcuni chirotteri, Arvicola amphibius, Sorex minutus, Neomys anomalus, Micromys minutus, Muscardinus avellanarius), perché legate ad ambienti specifici (es., ambienti umidi) e/o sensibili alla frammentazione forestale. Vengono riportate alcune evidenze sulla possibile scomparsa locale di Arvicola amphibius e sulla recente espansione di specie sia alloctone (Myocastor coypus, Sylvilagus floridanus, Procyon lotor) sia autoctone (Sciurus vulgaris, Sus scrofa, Capreolus capreolus).
Cytomorphology of columnar cell variant of papillary carcinoma thyroid: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Sen Arijit , Nalwa Aasma , Mathur Sandeep R. , Jain Deepali , Iyer Venkateswaran K.
Published: October 2014

A 58 years old lady reported with history of progressively increasing lump in the neck. Patient had earlier undergone sub-total thyroidectomy (details not available) in a private institute one year back. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the present lump revealed features of papillary carcinoma thyroid. Patient subsequently underwent total thyroidectomy along with excision of a tumor nodule in the larynx. Gross examination of the specimen revealed a tumor nodule in the right lobe of the thyroid. Microscopic examination of the tumor nodule in the thyroid and larynx revealed a columnar cell variant of papillary carcinoma thyroid. Very few reports describing the cytomorphologic features of this variant of papillary carcinoma are available in the published literature. These reports highlight the absence or paucity of nuclear grooves and intranuclear inclusions in this variant. We describe a case of columnar cell variant of papillary carcinoma where nuclear grooves were prominently seen. In addition, we report the occurrence of rosette-like structures which were brought out better on FNA smears. These rosette-like structures have not been emphasized earlier in the published literature. The cytomorphologic features of this rare variant are also reviewed in this report.
High Levels of Asymptomatic and Subpatent Plasmodium falciparum Parasite Carriage at Health Facilities in an Area of Heterogeneous Malaria Transmission Intensity in the Kenyan Highlands
Authors: Stresman Gillian H. , Stevenson Jennifer C. , Ngwu Nnenna , Marube Elizabeth , Owaga Chrispin , Drakeley Chris , Bousema Teun , Cox Jonathan
Published: October 2014

In endemic settings, health facility surveys provide a convenient approach to estimating malaria transmission intensity. Typically, testing for malaria at facilities is performed on symptomatic attendees, but asymptomatic infections comprise a considerable proportion of the parasite reservoir. We sampled individuals attending five health facilities in the western Kenyan highlands. Malaria prevalence by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) was 8.6–32.9% in the health facilities. Of all polymerase chain reaction-positive participants, 46.4% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 42.6–50.2%) of participants had infections that were RDT-negative and asymptomatic, and 55.9% of those infections consisted of multiple parasite clones as assessed by merozoite surface protein-2 genotyping. Subpatent infections were more common in individuals reporting the use of non-artemisinin–based antimalarials in the 2 weeks preceding the survey (odds ratio = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.04–5.92) compared with individuals not reporting previous use of antimalarials. We observed a large and genetically complex pool of subpatent parasitemia in the Kenya highlands that must be considered in malaria interventions.
Prevalence of Patients with Acute Febrile Illnesses and Positive Dengue NS1 Tests in a Tertiary Hospital in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Asigau Viola , Lavu Evelyn K. , McBride William J. H. , Biloh Eric , Naroi Francis , Koana Egi , Ferguson John K. , Laman Moses
Published: October 2014

Because the prevalence of dengue fever in urban settings in Papua New Guinea is unknown, we investigated the presence of dengue using the NS1 antigen test in an outpatient-based prospective observational study at Port Moresby General Hospital. Of 140 patients with acute febrile illnesses, dengue fever was diagnosed in 14.9% (20 of 134; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 9.6–22.4). Malaria (2 of 137; 1.5%; 95% CI = 0.3–5.7), chikungunya (3 of 140; 2.1%; 95% CI = 0.6–6.6), and bacterial bloodstream infections (0 of 80; 0%; 95% CI = 0–5.7) were uncommon. Dengue fever should no longer be considered rare in Papua New Guinea.
Seasonal evolution of net and regenerated silica production around a natural Fe-fertilized area in the Southern Ocean estimated with Si isotopic approaches
Authors: Closset I. , Lasbleiz M. , Leblanc K. , Quéguiner B. , Cavagna A.-J. , Elskens M. , Navez J. , Cardinal D.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. A massive diatom bloom is observed each year in the surface waters of the naturally Fe-fertilized Kerguelen Plateau (Southern Ocean). We measured biogenic silica production and dissolution fluxes (ρSi and ρDiss, respectively) in the mixed layer in the vicinity of the Kerguelen Plateau during austral spring 2011 (KEOPS-2 cruise). We compare results from a high-nutrient low-chlorophyll reference station and stations with different degrees of iron enrichment and bloom conditions. Above the plateau biogenic ρSi are among the highest reported so far in the Southern Ocean (up to 47.9 mmol m−2 d−1). Although significant (10.2 mmol m−2 d−1 on average), ρDiss were generally much lower than production rates. Uptake ratios (ρSi : ρC and ρSi : ρN) confirm that diatoms strongly dominate primary production in this area. At the bloom onset, decreasing dissolution-to-production ratios (D : P) indicate that the remineralization of silica could sustain most of the low silicon uptake and that the system progressively shifts toward a silica production regime which must be mainly supported by new source of silicic acid. Moreover, by comparing results from the two KEOPS expeditions (spring 2011 and summer 2005), we suggest that there is a seasonal evolution of the processes decoupling Si and N cycles in the area. Indeed, the consumption of H4SiO4 standing stocks occurs only during the growing stage of the bloom when strong net silica production is observed, contributing to higher H4SiO4 depletion relative to NO3−. Then, the decoupling of H4SiO4 and NO3− is mainly controlled by the more efficient nitrogen recycling relative to Si. Gross Si : N uptake ratios were higher in the Fe-rich regions compared to the high-nutrient low-chlorophyll (HNLC) area, likely due to different diatom communities. This suggests that the diatom responses to natural Fe fertilization are more complex than previously thought, and that natural iron fertilization over long timescales does not necessarily decrease Si : N uptake ratios as suggested by the silicic acid leakage hypothesis. Finally, we propose the first seasonal estimate of the Si biogeochemical budget above the Kerguelen Plateau based on direct measurements. This study points out that naturally iron-fertilized areas of the Southern Ocean could sustain very high regimes of biogenic silica production, similar to those observed in highly productive upwelling systems.
Wind increase above warm Agulhas Current eddies
Authors: Rouault M. , Verley P. , Backeberg B.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Sea surface temperature estimated from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer E onboard the Aqua satellite and altimetry derived sea level anomalies are used south of the Agulhas Current to identify warm mesoscale eddies presenting a distinct SST perturbation superior to 1 °C to the surrounding ocean. The analysis of 2500 instantaneous charts of equivalent stability neutral wind speed estimates from the SeaWinds scatterometer onboard the QuikScat satellite collocated with sea surface temperature and sea level anomaly show stronger wind speed above warm eddies than surrounding water at all wind directions in about 800 of the 2500 cases. For those cases where the wind is stronger above warm eddies, we do not find any relationship between the increase in surface wind speed and the sea surface temperature perturbation. Sea surface temperature perturbations that we consider range from 1 to 5.5 °C. Sizes of eddies range from 100 to 250 km diameter. Mean background wind speed is about 11 m s−1 with a mean increase above the eddy of 2 m s−1. Wind speed increase of 4 to 7 m s−1 above warm eddies is not uncommon.
Entrevista: Hacia una cultura del agua
Authors: Arrojo Agudo Pedro
Published: October 2014

En esta entrevista realizada al Dr. Arrojo nos habla de la “Crisis Global del Agua”. Una crisis que, suele ser más de calidad de las aguas accesibles para los más pobres. Nadie muere propiamente de sed, sino de enfermedades derivadas del agua que se bebe. En este contexto, considerar el agua como una simple mercancía, está transformando a los ciudadanos en simples clientes, con lo que incrementa la vulnerabilidad de los más débiles, dice el autor, quien levanta la necesidad de construir una Nueva Cultura del Agua, basada en el ahorro y la (ríos, lagos, humedales, acuíferos). Una Nueva Cultura del Agua que facilite la ineludible transición del viejo paradigma renacentista de “dominación de la naturaleza” al nuevo paradigma emergente de “sostenibilidad”.Palabras clave: cultura del agua, contaminación, escasez, recurso, mercancía.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/cultura.v20i62.1462Cultura de Paz Vol.20 No.62 2014; 5-15
EXPEDIENTE
Authors: Editorial Equipe
Published: October 2014

Expediente
Uitleg van een testamentaire bewindclausule
Authors: Reinhartz B.E.
Published: October 2014

Uitleg van een testamentaire bewindclausule. Bespreking van Hof Arnhem-Leeuwarden 16 mei 2014, ECLI:NL:GHARL:2014:4123

In deze bijdrage wordt besproken hoe een bewindclausule op de verkrijging van de bezwaarde bij een tweetrapsmaking moet worden uitgelegd, die afwijkt van de wettelijke regeling. Daarna wordt beoordeeld of er reden is om het bewind op te heffen nu de rechthebbende intussen heeft laten zien verstandig met vermogen om te kunnen gaan.
Optimizing the Clinical Utility of Biomarkers in Oncology: The NCCN Biomarkers Compendium
Authors: Birkeland Marian L. , McClure Joan S.
Published: October 2014

Context

The rapid development of commercial biomarker tests for oncology indications has led to confusion about which tests are clinically indicated for oncology care. By consolidating biomarker testing information recommended within National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines), the NCCN Biomarkers Compendium aims to ensure that patients have access to appropriate biomarker testing based on the evaluations and recommendations of the expert NCCN panel members.

Objectives

To present the recently launched NCCN Biomarkers Compendium.

Data Sources

Biomarker testing information recommended within NCCN Clinical Treatment Guidelines as well as published resources for genetic and biological information.

Conclusions

The NCCN Biomarkers Compendium is a continuously updated resource for clinicians who need access to relevant and succinct information about biomarker testing in oncology and is linked directly to the recommendations provided within the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines.
A Call for Postdoctoral Positions in Mathematics Education
Authors: Lockwood Elise , Knuth Eric
Published: October 2014

In many STEM-related fields, graduating doctoral students are often expected to assume a postdoctoral position as a prerequisite to a faculty position, yet there is no such expectation in mathematics education. In this commentary, the authors call on the mathematics education research community to consider the importance of postdoctoral fellows and make the case that prioritizing postdoctoral positions could afford mutual benefits to the postdocs, to faculty mentors, and to the field at large.
Mathematics Teachers' Enactment of Cognitively Demanding Tasks: Investigating Links to Teachers' Knowledge and Conceptions
Authors: Wilhelm Anne Garrison
Published: October 2014

This study sought to understand how aspects of middle school mathematics teachers' knowledge and conceptions are related to their enactment of cognitively demanding tasks. The author found that teachers' mathematical knowledge for teaching and conceptions of teaching and learning mathematics were contingent on one another and significantly related to teachers' enactment of cognitively demanding tasks.
Learning With and From Others: A Review of The International Handbook of Collaborative Learning
Authors: Schoenfeld Alan H.
Published: October 2014

A review of the 2013 book titled The International Handbook of Collaborative Learning, edited by Cindy E. Hmelo-Silver, Clark A. Chinn, Carol K. K. Chan, and Angela O'Donnell.
Smart Meters Optimize any Size Utility
Authors: Dan Cerrezuela , Hackney Ed , Moore Randy
Published: October 2014

Automatic meter reading and advanced metering infrastructure may be the future for data collection in the water sector, but implementation, especially for small utilities, can be a challenge. The benefits are proven, however, and new deployment approaches, cost reductions, and technological advances make these precision metering tools more accessible than ever.
Active Mixing Improves Tank Residual Levels and Stabilizes Water Quality
Authors: Fiske Peter S.
Published: October 2014

Using an active mixer in a 5‐mil gal storage tank helped a California utility mitigate water quality issues associated with warm‐water stratification and comply with disinfection by‐product regulations.
Desalting Southern California: Comparing Seven Utilities' Experiences
Authors: Owens Eric , Davis Emily , Hosseini Turaj
Published: October 2014

The search for a reliable and local supply of potable drinking water has spurred growth of desalting facilities in Southern California and elsewhere. Desalters built in the past two decades share many similarities and challenges in efficiently operating reverse osmosis technology.
Tackling the Deadly Naegleria fowleri Amoeba
Authors: Bridges Ben
Published: October 2014

Louisiana water systems used extensive chlorination to remove a pathogenic amoeba species that can cause a rare but lethal disease.
Mechanical Recycling of PET Waste from Non-Woven Fabrics by Reactive Extrusion with Chain Extenders
Authors: Bimestre Breno Heins , Saron Clodoaldo
Published: October 2014

Mechanical recycling of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is an important industrial activity with direct effect for environmental saving. However, recycled PET (R-PET) undergoes progressive degradation during each recycling process, leading to considerable loss of properties such as mechanical, thermal and melting strength. Chain extenders have been successfully used to increase molecular weight of R-PET, improving process ability and mechanical performance of the material. The aims of this work was to evaluate the performance of the compounds polymeric methylene diphenyldiisocyanate (PMDI) and bis-(2,4-di-t-butylphenol) pentaerythritoldiphosphite (Irgafos®126) for potential use as chain extenders when compared to the traditional chain extender pyromelliticdianhydride (PMDA). Tensile testing, differential exploratory calorimetry, viscometry and dynamic rheometry were used to evaluate changes in mechanical properties, crystallinity, molecular weight and rheological properties of R-PET. PMDI showed effective action on increase in molecular weight and improvements in mechanical and rheological properties of R-PET, while Irgafos 126 causes depreciation of properties of the R-PET after initially to increase the molecular weight of the polymer. Thus, the use of PDMI as chain extension can represent an important alternative for mechanical recycling of highly degraded PET.
The Once and Future Archaeology
Authors: Cobb Charles R.
Published: October 2014

The Forum article “Grand Challenges for Archaeology” (Kintigh et al. 2014) defines a number of leading research topics derived from a crowd-sourcing report and parsed by a panel of archaeologists. The questions focus on scientific subjects with high funding potential, amenable to addressing contemporary problems. Although the grand challenges put forth do represent many of the key issues being pursued by archaeologists today, I argue that they will impact a more limited audience than envisioned by the authors due to their emphasis on transhistorical processes and their lack of emphasis on the larger social and political implications of our research.
Evaluating the Old Wood Problem in a Temperate Climate: A Fort Ancient Case Study
Authors: Cook Robert A. , Comstock Aaron R.
Published: October 2014

Schiffer (1986) first identified the old wood problem for wood charcoal-based dates from archaeological contexts in the American Southwest. The potential for dates to be skewed toward excessively old calendar ages in this region has recently generated reticence in part of the archaeological community towards including wood charcoal dates in general. Some scholars have even begun to cleanse the radiocarbon databases of regions throughout North America, partly with this presumed limitation in mind. However, the issues that contribute to the old wood problem have not been closely examined outside the arid climate of the American Southwest, resulting in some studies excluding hundreds of radiocarbon dates. The present study fills that void by examining the radiocarbon record from four well-dated Fort Ancient sites in southwestern Ohio and southeastern Indiana. Specifically, we test whether or not there are significant differences between wood charcoal and non-wood charcoal assays. Our findings suggest that wood charcoal dates should not be excluded. We explore reasons for this difference in the Eastern Woodlands and propose an ideal dating regime.
Perceptions of Interprofessional Collaboration
Authors: Strype Jon , Gundhus Helene Ingebrigtsen , Egge Marit , Ødegård Atle
Published: October 2014

Interprofessional collaboration has been described both as an opportunity to meet the demands of a complex society, but also as a potential threat to professional autonomy. Interprofessional relationships are central in collaborative efforts, and there is a need to investigate the psychosocial processes involved. In the present study, we have investigated how professionals in a collaborative effort perceive collaboration, and how these perceptions are organized. We have used an adaptation of the Perception of Interprofessional Collaboration Model Questionnaire—PINCOM-Q—to develop and test a model of collaboration perceptions in a sample of professionals working within local crime prevention at the community level. Using a confirmatory factor analysis approach, we have found support for a three-dimensional conceptualisation of how interprofessional collaboration is perceived. We have labelled the dimensions in the model as follows: Group Climate, Influence, and Personal Motivation.  Our results implicate that the development of interprofessional collaboration should emphasize supportive group communication, an equal distribution of group influence, and finally, a personal value outcome gained from participating in the collaboration.
Combination of 2‐ and 3‐Dimensional Contrast‐Enhanced Transvaginal Sonography for Diagnosis of Small Adnexal Masses
Authors: Hu Rong , Xiang Hong , Mu Yuming , Feng Yuling , Gu Linaer , Liu Hui
Published: October 2014

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of 2‐dimensional (2D) and 3‐dimensional (3D) contrast‐enhanced sonography in discriminating between benign and malignant small adnexal masses.

Methods

Selected patients were evaluated with both 2D and 3D contrast‐enhanced sonography after conventional sonography before undergoing any surgery. Time‐intensity curves for 2D contrast‐enhanced sonography were constructed by using contrast‐enhanced sonographic software. A vascular perfusion characteristic analysis was achieved by 2D and 3D contrast‐enhanced sonography. Results were finally verified by surgery.

Results

Forty‐seven cases of benign and 10 cases of malignant small adnexal masses were discovered. Significant differences in perfusion patterns, time‐intensity curve shapes for 2D contrast‐enhanced sonography, grayscale contrast‐enhanced sonography, and blood flow imaging on 3D contrast‐enhanced sonography were observed between benign and malignant masses (P< .05). Two‐dimensional contrast‐enhanced sonography, 3D contrast‐enhanced sonography, parallel combination of 2D and 3D contrast‐enhanced sonography, and serial combination of 2D and 3D contrast‐enhanced sonography all reached diagnostic sensitivity of 100% for discriminating benign from malignant masses, whereas specificity values were 61.7%, 63.8%, 68.1%, and 57.4%, respectively. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.809, 0.819, 0.840, and 0.787.

Conclusions

Two‐dimensional contrast‐enhanced sonography is of high value in distinguishing malignant from benign small adnexal masses; 3D contrast‐enhanced sonography provides richer and more useful information for evaluation of these masses. Diagnostic sensitivity of 100% can be achieved when using a serial combination of 2D and 3D contrast‐enhanced sonography, although specificity needs further improvement.
Clinical Responses to Focused Ultrasound Applied to Women With Vulval Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Jia Ying , Wu Jin , Xu Man , Tang Liangdan , Li Chengzhi , Luo Ming , Lou Meng
Published: October 2014

Objectives

Focused ultrasound waves penetrate superficial tissues and are aimed toward the target tissues at specific depths to exert their biological effects. Focused ultrasound has been applied for a number of clinical indications, including vulval dystrophies and low‐grade vulval disease. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of focused ultrasound treatment of high‐grade vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN).

Methods

Eighteen women with high‐grade VIN were recruited and treated with focused ultrasound. During each posttreatment follow‐up, the safety of, side effects of, and clinical responses to focused ultrasound were evaluated by a standardized protocol, including symptoms, clinical appearance, and histologic findings.

Results

All patients completed the designed follow‐ups. In most cases, superficial mild to moderate swelling and blisters were seen in the focused ultrasound–treated skin but not in adjacent normal skin. Of the 18 patients, 16 showed complete histologic regression and resolution of symptoms 6 months after treatment. Of the other 2 patients, 1 showed complete regression after a second focused ultrasound treatment. The other patient did not respond to the focused ultrasound treatment and underwent a partial vulvectomy 6 months after treatment. None of the patients developed invasive carcinoma of the vulva during the follow‐up period. One patient had local pruritus that was not alleviated by anti‐inflammatory medication and local care.

Conclusions

The complete responses observed in women with high‐grade VIN treated by focused ultrasound, together with the preservation of adjacent normal tissue, suggest that focused ultrasound may be considered for treatment of high‐grade VIN.
Decidualized Endometrioma Masquerading as Ovarian Cancer in Pregnancy
Authors: Groszmann Yvette , Howitt Brooke E. , Bromley Bryann , Feltmate Colleen M. , Benacerraf Beryl R.
Published: October 2014

Objectives

To identify the sonographic features of decidualized endometriomas in patients treated at a single institution and to determine whether sonographic findings can distinguish these lesions from malignant ovarian tumors during pregnancy.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included pregnant women with a histologic diagnosis of decidualized endometrioma between January 1, 2005, and December 1, 2012, and had an ovarian cyst or mass seen preoperatively on obstetrical sonography. Sonographic characteristics of these masses were retrospectively evaluated using the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis Group definitions for adnexal masses.

Results

Seventeen patients with 22 adnexal masses were included in our study. Nine of 22 lesions (41%) were classified as unilocular solid, and 14 of 22 (64%) had solid components, of which 12 of 14 (86%) had substantial blood flow. Septations were present in 8 of 22 masses (36%). Cyst sizes varied from 30 to 120 and 32 to 270 mm at the initial and follow‐up scans, respectively. Eight patients had no follow‐up scans and underwent surgery within 3 weeks of diagnosis. The other 9 patients (14 masses), had follow‐up scans and underwent surgery from 3 to 34 weeks after their initial scans. Eight of these masses showed no notable change in size or appearance, and 1 became smaller.

Conclusions

There were no characteristic sonographic features identified to distinguish decidualized endometrioma from ovarian malignancy. However, lesions showing no change in size over 4 weeks or lacking solid components and vascularity are more likely to be benign rather than malignant and may justify delaying surgery until delivery or postpartum.
[18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake in Atherosclerotic Plaques Is Associated With Reduced Coronary Flow Reserve in Mice
Authors: Uotila Sauli , Silvola Johanna M. U. , Saukko Pekka , Nuutila Pirjo , Heinonen Suvi E. , Ylä-Herttuala Seppo , Roivainen Anne , Knuuti Juhani , Saraste Antti
Published: October 2014

Objectives

Coronary microvascular dysfunction, observed as impaired coronary vasodilator capacity, is an early manifestation of coronary artery disease. Inflammation plays an important role in different stages of atherogenesis. To study the role of vessel wall inflammation in the development of coronary dysfunction, we compared [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the aorta and coronary flow reserve (CFR) in atherosclerotic mice.

Methods

We studied healthy young C57BL/6 mice fed a normal diet (n = 7) as well as hypercholesterolemic low‐density lipoprotein receptor–disrupted/apolipoprotein B100–expressing (LDLR−/−ApoB100/100) mice (n = 15) and hypercholesterolemic and diabetic LDLR−/−ApoB100/100insulinlike growth factor II–overexpressing mice (n = 14) fed a western‐type diet, aged 4 to 6 months. Doppler sonography was used to measure CFR as the ratio of coronary flow velocity during isoflurane‐induced hyperemia and at rest. Uptake of [18F]FDG into the aorta was measured by autoradiography of tissue sections.

Results

Histologic sections showed extensive atherosclerosis in the aorta, but coronary arteries were not obstructed. Both hyperemic coronary flow velocity and CFR were reduced (P < .05) in hypercholesterolemic mice with and without diabetes in comparison to healthy young C57BL/6 controls. Among hypercholesterolemic mice, both hyperemic flow velocity and CFR inversely correlated with atherosclerotic plaque [18F]FDG uptake in the aorta (r = −0.73; P < .001; r = −0.63; P = .001, respectively). In a multivariate analysis, including animal weight, aortic plaque burden, plasma glucose, plasma cholesterol, and [18F]FDG uptake in atherosclerotic plaques, only [18F]FDG uptake remained an independent predictor of reduced CFR (β = 0.736; P = .001).

Conclusions

The inflammatory activity in atherosclerotic plaques of the aorta independently predicts reduced CFR in atherosclerotic mice without obstructive coronary artery disease. This finding suggests that atherosclerotic inflammation contributes to coronary dysfunction.
Sonographic Findings in Patients With Crimean‐Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
Authors: Tufan Zeliha Kocak , Yigit Hasan , Kacar Mahmut , Bulut Cemal , Canpolat Gulbin , Hatipoglu Cigdem Ataman , Kinikli Sami , Kosar Pinar , Demiroz Ali Pekcan
Published: October 2014

Objectives

Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) has been endemic in Turkey since 2002. Some radiologic findings are considered common by clinicians and radiologists. In this regard, we aimed to assess the sonographic findings in patents with CCHF in a pilot study to obtain basic knowledge for planning further controlled studies.

Methods

An observational descriptive study was planned. Patients with a CCHF diagnosis monitored by the infectious diseases department of a tertiary care hospital were included. Sonographic examinations were conducted by 2 radiologists for each patient, and the findings were recorded.

Results

Twenty‐five patients with CCHF were included. Hepatomegaly (40%), splenomegaly (28%), paraceliac lymphadenopathy (48%), gallbladder wall thickening (36%), increased echogenicity in the renal parenchyma (40%), and fluid/effusion in the perihepatic, perisplenic, pleural, and hepatorenal recesses of the subhepatic space (Morison pouch) as well as between the intestinal loops (52%) were the primary findings. A decrease in the gallbladder wall thickening and limited resorption of intraperitoneal and pleural effusion were noted during follow‐up.

Conclusions

Hepatosplenomegaly, paraceliac lymphadenopathy, and gallbladder wall thickening as well as intraperitoneal and pleural effusion were the primary findings in CCHF, and they became prominent on the third day of the disease in some patients. The relationship between sonographic findings and disease severity will be investigated in an upcoming study.
Evaluation of Community Hotline Services Using Role-Playing Pseudoclients and Measures of Volunteer Effectiveness
Authors: Page Stewart , Matheson George C.
Published: October 2014

This study investigated the judged effectiveness of several community telephone “hotline” services in a large Canadian City. All hotlines were staffed mostly by unpaid volunteers, of whom most were female. Several persons (pseudoclients) telephoned each hotline and proceeded to present, through role-playing, a particular theme (e.g., depression, fear of pregnancy) to the hotline volunteer. In general, the hotlines functioned at very low levels of effectiveness on a series of rating scales and other measures, and at times induced callers (helpees) to participate in interactions of dubious relevance to the hotline's role of helping distressed persons. Some implications and observations on the operation of such services are presented, in the context of considerable difficulties faced by hotline workers, as compared to those in conventional counseling situations.
Psychological Adaptation of Vietnamese Refugees in Canada
Authors: Berry J. W. , Blondel Therese
Published: October 2014

The influx of Vietnamese refugees to Canada has raised questions regarding their resettlement and adaptation. This study examines the psychological adaptation of 72 adult Vietnamese refugees in the City of Kingston, Ontario, by means of an interview and questionnaire consisting of 12 demographic questions and the psychological section of the Cornell Medical Index (CMI), with some modifications, the psychological adaptation of the refugees in this study is compared to other Vietnamese refugee groups, to non-refugee groups undergoing culture change, and to non-refugee groups undergoing no major culture change: all of the groups have been similarly assessed by a modified form of the CMI. It is found that the Vietnamese refugees in this study exhibit high levels of psychological dysfunction, as do the other Vietnamese refugee groups and non-refugee groups undergoing cultural change, whereas the non-refugees undergoing relatively little cultural change exhibit lower levels of psychological dysfunction. Of the twelve independent variables (age, sex, religion, marital status, previous and current education, previous and current employment, a command of the English, French and Chinese languages and sponsorship) examined for their possible language is found to be the major significant variable in predicting good psychological adaptation; this suggests the importance of an established ethnic community in the process of adaptation or refugees.
Extraneous Factors in Institutionalization for Mental Retardation: Demographic Analyses for Ontario
Authors: Saunders David , Silverman Irwin
Published: October 2014

Analyses of demographic factors associated with admissions rates into institutions for the mentally retarded, by Ontario county of residence, uncovered a paradox: Counties with lesser proportions of children had higher admissions rates. Further analyses showed that proportions of children were directly related to education expenditures, per student, and expenditures were inversely related to, and accounted for 41% of the variance of, admissions rates. This, and other factors extraneous to mental deficit that were revealed, were discussed in terms of the ambiguity of the definition of mental retardation.
Internships in Community Psychology
Authors: Theroux Charles P.-E. , Tefft Bruce M.
Published: October 2014

There is substantial concensus regarding the professional roles derived from theoretical models of community psychology. Community field training is necessary for graduate students to experience fundamental role characteristics and develop applied skills relevant to later community practice. A doctoral-level internship and its relationship to professional roles in community psychology is described. Problems associated with development of community internships are discussed from the perspective of both the sponsoring graduate program and the student. Given the importance of understanding Canadian issues, systems, and polices for community practice, it appears highly desirable that graduate students do their internships in Canada.
Community Psychology and the Criminal Justice System: Alternative Directions for Psychologists
Authors: Roesch Ronald
Published: October 2014

This article draws on conceptions from community psychology to examine possible roles for psychologists in the criminal justice system. While psychologists have been involved for some time in providing individual assessment and treatment, the author suggests alternative interventions which primarily focus on institutional or system level change. Following presentation and discussion of a conceptual framework, the author reviews a number of examples of interventions, in such areas as pretrial diversion, bail reform, fitness to stand trial, corporate violence, and the police.
System Needs for the Rehabilitative Treatment of the Revolving Door Population
Authors: Dimirsky Mark
Published: October 2014

The community mental health ideology is closely identified with deinstitutionalization and community psychology in its efforts to maintain as many people as possible in their natural environments. One frequently used means of evaluating the success of the community mental health movement is the examination of recidivism rats and average length of stay per patient admitted to psychiatric facilities. Examination of both U.S. and Canadian rehospitalization statistics has shown a population at risk of frequent rehospitalization. This “treatment resistant” group threatens the perceived effectiveness of the community mental health movement because of its impact on the recidivism measure. The revolving door population presents for service a multiplicity of problems that are of two basic varieties: psychiatric symptoms and social/vocational deficits. Descriptions and explanation of the services required to address these problems are presented. Issues of co-ordination, evaluation and system self-correction are discussed in relation to the seven service functions identified as necessary for improving the community tenure of this marginally functional population. Implementation issues that include key assumptions that must be adhered to by systems personnel, likely failure points in the planning of comprehensive mental health systems, and practicalities of manpower recruitment are discussed. Suggestions for the goals and strategies of the planning of comprehensive service systems for the revolving door population are presented.
Community Psychology and Community Mental Health: Conflict and Strategies
Authors: Pettifor Jean L.
Published: October 2014

The barriers to community psychology experienced in community mental health setting are discussed and suggestions made for alleviating professional frustration and for shaping organizational systems. It is suggested that professional associations should take a stronger role in supporting individual psychologists and in taking a public advocacy role.
After Discharge: The Importance of Life Events and Life Hassles for Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Goering Paula , Wasylenki Donald , Lancee William , Freeman S.J.J.
Published: October 2014

The relationship between life events and symptoms during a six month period following discharge was examined for four diagnostic subgroups of psychiatric patients (N = 505). The significant correlation between total life changes and symptoms disappeared when health related items were deleted. These events should be kept analytically distinct to avoid operational confounding. There was a correlation between undesirable life events and symptoms specific to the diagnostic subgroups characterized by depression. Although the correlations between life event scores and symptoms were weak or non-existent, there are strong correlations between social adjustment scores and symptoms. One explanation is that the most potent stressors are the ongoing difficulties rather than major changes which occur. It is suggested that the ongoing difficulties are, in part, a reflection of inadequate coping skills and a lack of social support: factors which may have a direct negative effect on symptoms and increase vulnerability to minor stressors.
Guardianship for Mentally Retarded Adults: Recommendations for Law Reform
Authors: Czukar Gail
Published: October 2014

As increasing numbers of mentally retarded people move from institutions to community living, adequate provision must be made for some form of legal guardianship. Existing guardianship laws have been criticized for being inflexible and for emphasizing property management at the expense of personal support. The guardian's crucial role should be to promote the best interests of the retarded individual while also respecting his/her personal preferences. Principles to guide guardian decision-making are discussed in this context, including issues of values and priorities. Some of the reforms necessary to achieve a balanced guardianship program include the development of clearly defined guidelines for imposition of guardianship; provision for guardian accountability, and basic procedural fairness.
Ecological Issues in the Aging Family: Intervention Implications & the Family Support Cycle
Authors: Kuypers Joseph A. , Bengtson Vern L.
Published: October 2014

The basic argument in this paper is that the older family, as it faces certain recurrent issues in family life and as it faces unique issues of its own aging, is placed in a highly vulnerable position. The result may be a weakening of the family's competence and an increased likelihood of family breakdown. Special attention is given to the natural changes in family dynamics as the family ages. It is argued that specific interventions aimed at promoting family competence must account for these unique features of older family life.
Les Rites de Passage Lors de la Separation Parents-Enfant
Authors: Lefebre Gaétane , Morval Monique
Published: October 2014

This exploratory clinical study examines the circumstances surrounding the departure of a family member at the time of marriage. An in-depth analysis of 10 case studies of parents suggests that marriage is an excellent rite of passage for the delineation of parent-child separation. Cohabitation fosters a progressive detachment but remains a period of transition. The choice of the rituals for the marriage ceremony provides an index of the fluctuations occurring in the family system.
The Family Assessment Measure
Authors: Skinner Harvey A. , Steinhauer Paul D. , Santa-Barbara Jack
Published: October 2014

The Family Assessment Measure (FAM) is a self-report instrument that provides quantitative indices of family strengths and weaknesses. FAM is based on a process model of family functioning that integrates different approaches to family therapy and research. The basic concepts assessed by FAM include: task accomplishment, role performance, communication, affective expression, involvement, control, values and norms. FAM consists of three components: (1) a General Scale which focuses on the family as a system, (2) a Dyadic Relationships Scale which examines relationships between specific pairs, and (3) a Self-Rating Scale which taps the individual's perception of his/her functioning in the family. Each scale provides a different perspective on family functioning. FAM takes about 20-30 minutes to administer, and may be used as a clinical diagnostic tool, as a measure of therapy outcome, or as an instrument for basic research on family processes. This article reviews the theoretical model of family functioning, presents data on the reliability and discriminating power of FAM, and describes a case study as an illustration of information provided by FAM.
Marital Topography: The Naturalistic Observation of Marital Interaction
Authors: White James M.
Published: October 2014

This paper presents topographical analysis of marital interaction as an alternative research strategy to those more traditional techniques of interviews and questionnaire measurement. The paper sketches the basic assumptions, problems and advantages to this form of naturalistic observation. The current coding schemes for analyzing verbal and non-verbal behavior are reviewed. A step by step approach is presented for doing this type of research. As well, the data analysis and interpretation of data in this form is discussed.
Resource Development: The Canadian Story
Authors: Copithorne Lawrence
Published: October 2014

Compared to the rest of the international economic community. Canada has an economic advantage in its substantial natural resource economy. This sector in itself does not create social and personal problems; however, when poor economic policy causes the natural resource sector of the economy to function poorly, social and personal problems can be prevalent in that sector. Some degree of economic malfunctioning can arise from mismanagement of the natural resource industries but often the remedy to economic malfunctioning is complicated by historical patterns and political necessities. Illustrations are provided from: the Economic Council of Canada Study of the Newfoundland fishery subsidies and migration; and their study of the economic problems associated with the forestry industry in British Columbia.