bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of exercise in virtual environment on psychological well-being and motivation for recreation participation
Authors: Gumusgul Osman , Acet Mehmet , Senturk Aydın , Akin Sinan , Isik Utku , Gumusgul Ceren
Published: January 2025

This study examined the effects of virtual exercise participation on leisure motivation, psychological well-being, and performance outcomes. A sample of 110 university students (Xage = 21.49 ± 1.82) participated in a virtual cycling simulation over an approximate eight-week period, performing individually, in a group setting, and then as teammates with an unfamiliar partner. For each session, performance indicators—completion time, average heart rate, cadence, power output, and calorie expenditure—were recorded. The Leisure Motivation Scale and Psychological Well-Being Scale were administered before the initial ride and after the final ride. Analysis using Repeated Measure ANOVA (Analysis of variance) revealed significant differences in performance metrics across the three exercise conditions. Pairwise Comparisons with Bonferroni correction indicated specific differences between group configurations, and a Paired Sample t-test showed notable changes in leisure motivation and psychological well-being from pre- to post-test. These findings highlight the role of social context in virtual exercise performance and its impact on participants’ motivational and psychological outcomes.
Diagnostik und Therapie rheumatischer Tenosynovialitiden am Fuß
Authors: Biehl Christoph , Biehl Madita , Biehl Lotta
Published: January 2025

Rheumatiker entwickeln im Lauf ihrer Erkrankung in einem hohen Prozentsatz entzündliche Veränderungen der Sehnen. Sind Sehnen des Fußes betroffen, hat das Auswirkungen auf die Statik und Mobilität. Pathologien können hingegen kaschiert und ihr Erkennen erschwert sein. Inflammatorische Zellen, alle voran die fibroblastenähnlichen Zellen (FLS), können direkte und indirekte Schäden erzeugen. Je nach Grunderkrankung unterscheidet sich das Muster der Schädigung und die sich hieraus ergebende Therapie. Eine profunde klinische Untersuchung ist die zentrale Säule der Diagnostik, die mit der Sonographie und ggf. einer Röntgenuntersuchung ergänzt wird. Therapeutisch sind, anders als bei Arthrosepatienten, Sehnenrekonstruktionen seltener. Es überwiegen die Versorgungen, die sich an der Situation der Gelenke orientieren. Ziel ist dabei der Erhalt der Mobilität des Patienten.
Promising Short-Term Outcomes of Pulmonary Resections from Low-Volume Centre in Tier II City in India
Authors: Puvvada Rajyalakshmi , Nittala Rigved , Padhy Amita Sekhar , Mekala Pravallika
Published: January 2025

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the world. Surgery offers the best potential cure, but as in any surgery, there are some complications that will be minimised with the improvement of surgical practice and treatment protocols. This study aims to analyse the short-term outcomes of thoracoscopic and open lung resections in a low volume centre at Visakhapatnam, India. Twelve patients who underwent thoracoscopic or open lung resections for primary and metastatic lung tumors from September 2022 to December 2023 at Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital & Research Centre (HBCH&RC), Visakhapatnam, were analysed retrospectively. Data was collected from Electronic Medical Records including demographic data, neo-adjuvant and adjuvant therapy, surgical procedure performed, histopathology type, time to chest drain removal, length of hospital stay, perioperative mortality and morbidity occurring within 30 days after surgery. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26. A total 12 patients underwent pulmonary resections during the study period. Median age was 48.5 years. Surgical procedures performed were 4-bilobectomies, 7-lobectomies and 1-metastasectomy. Chest wall resection was performed for 2 cases, pericardial and diaphragm excision for one case. Surgical approaches were video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), VATS converted to open and open—4 each. Major common complications were air leak and collapse which occurred in 33.3% of patients. Median duration of hospital stay was 6.5 days. There was no 30-day mortality. Safe outcomes are achievable after lung resections (both open and VATS procedures) in low-volume centre with trained and dedicated surgeons, anaesthesiologists and proper patient selection.
Professional learning interventions for inquiry-based pedagogies in primary classrooms: A scoping review (2012–2022)
Authors: Fry Kym , Nakar Sonal , Zorn Kristin
Published: January 2025

In the contemporary educational landscape characterised by performativity pressures, schools face increasing scrutiny regarding their students’ mathematical outcomes. Inquiry-based approaches in mathematics education offer promising potential to enhance reasoning and problem-solving capabilities across diverse student populations. However, the transition from teacher-centred methodologies to student-centred, inquiry-based approaches presents significant challenges for educators. This scoping review examines reported professional learning approaches aimed at building teacher capacity in implementing inquiry-based mathematics instruction, with the potential to improve student engagement and interest in the subject. Here, capacity refers to a teacher’s ongoing professional ability to implement and effect change. The review provides insights into various hindrances to implementing inquiry-based learning, including the substantial time investment required, teachers’ confidence levels, and the challenge of shifting deeply ingrained pedagogical beliefs. Conversely, it identifies a range of supports for facilitating this pedagogical shift, with the ultimate goal of improving students’ mathematical outcomes. These supports include school-wide commitments to providing opportunities for teachers to actively collaborate with specialist educators and mentors within their institutions. Findings from this review underscore that the transition to inquiry-based approaches is a gradual process requiring sustained effort and commitment. The foundation for this shift lies in cultivating a school culture that acknowledges and addresses the complex needs of both teachers and leaders in implementing inquiry-based learning. This review contributes to the growing body of literature on professional development in mathematics education, offering valuable insights for educators, administrators, and policymakers seeking to enhance mathematical instruction and student outcomes through inquiry-based approaches.
Defining Organismality
Authors: Wilmsen Saskia , Kost Christian
Published: January 2025

The organism is the central entity in biological science. However, consensus with regard to the definition of the underlying concept is lacking. Moreover, several ambiguous life forms exist that challenge current definitions of the term. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the available literature, we provide an overview of the criteria and approaches that have been previously used to define organismality. In addition, we highlight non-paradigmatic biological entities to identify problems that challenge definitions of organismal units. To address these issues, we propose a cross-disciplinary definition of the organism concept and provide a list of key criteria that allow both paradigmatic and non-paradigmatic cases to be unequivocally classified. In this way, our work not only provides newcomers with an overview of this exciting field, but also enhances communication across disciplines.
Modeling sustainable city trips: integrating $$\text {CO}_{2}\text {e}$$ emissions, popularity, and seasonality into tourism recommender systems
Authors: Banerjee Ashmi , Mahmudov Tunar , Adler Emil , Aisyah Fitri Nur , Wörndl Wolfgang
Published: January 2025

Tourism affects not only the tourism industry but also society and stakeholders such as the environment, local businesses, and residents. Tourism recommender systems (TRS) can be pivotal in promoting sustainable tourism by guiding travelers toward destinations with minimal negative impact. Our paper introduces a composite sustainability indicator for a city trip recommender system based on the users’ starting point and month of travel. This indicator integrates CO$$_2$$

2

e emissions for different transportation modes and analyses destination popularity and seasonal demand. We quantify city popularity based on user reviews, points of interest, and search trends from Tripadvisor and Google Trends data. To calculate a seasonal demand index, we leverage data from TourMIS and Airbnb. We conducted a user study to explore the fundamental trade-offs in travel decision-making and determine the weights for our proposed indicator. Finally, we demonstrate the integration of this indicator into a TRS, illustrating its ability to deliver sustainable city trip recommendations. This work lays the foundation for future research by integrating sustainability measures and contributing to responsible recommendations by TRS.
Advancements in Passive Wireless Sensing Systems in Monitoring Harsh Environment and Healthcare Applications
Authors: Yue Wei , Guo Yunjian , Lee Jong‐Chul , Ganbold Enkhzaya , Wu Jia-Kang , Li Yang , Wang Cong , Kim Hyun Soo , Shin Young-Kee , Liang Jun-Ge , Kim Eun-Seong , Kim Nam-Young
Published: January 2025

Recent advancements in passive wireless sensor technology have significantly extended the application scope of sensing, particularly in challenging environments for monitoring industry and healthcare applications. These systems are equipped with battery-free operation, wireless connectivity, and are designed to be both miniaturized and lightweight. Such features enable the safe, real-time monitoring of industrial environments and support high-precision physiological measurements in confined internal body spaces and on wearable epidermal devices. Despite the exploration into diverse application environments, the development of a systematic and comprehensive research framework for system architecture remains elusive, which hampers further optimization of these systems. This review, therefore, begins with an examination of application scenarios, progresses to evaluate current system architectures, and discusses the function of each component—specifically, the passive sensor module, the wireless communication model, and the readout module—within the context of key implementations in target sensing systems. Furthermore, we present case studies that demonstrate the feasibility of proposed classified components for sensing scenarios, derived from this systematic approach. By outlining a research trajectory for the application of passive wireless systems in sensing technologies, this paper aims to establish a foundation for more advanced, user-friendly applications.
A New AI Tool for the Design of Cartographic Pictograms (PictoAI) and Its Potentials for Increasing Their Meaningfulness
Authors: Drews Jule , Weißmann Marco , Keil Julian , Dickmann Frank , Edler Dennis
Published: January 2025

This study introduces PictoAI, a custom AI tool developed by the cartographic research team at Ruhr University Bochum for the generation of cartographic pictograms. This study also evaluates its effectiveness compared to traditional pictograms used by OpenStreetMap (OSM). In thematic cartography, the clarity and interpretability of pictograms are crucial for effective communication, yet user interpretation can differ from expert-designed pictogram meanings. By using artificial intelligence, specifically a custom GPT model integrated with DALL-E by OpenAI, PictoAI offers an approach for the automated generation of visually consistent and thematically appropriate pictograms. An empirical study involving 70 participants compared the interpretability of 24 AI-generated pictograms with the equivalent OSM pictograms. Results show that PictoAI-generated pictograms were significantly more interpretable, with a correct response rate of 67.26%, compared to 31.79% for OSM pictograms. The study highlights the potential of graphic AI in enhancing cartographic communication by demonstrating that AI-generated pictograms can significantly improve interpretability and efficiency in thematic cartography. The findings also underscore the future role of AI in automating and democratizing the pictogram creation process in cartography. PictoAI is already accessible and can be explored as a Chat-GPT-subscriber with this website (https://chatgpt.com/g/g-1465GB5y0-pictoai).
Clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis of orbital myeloid sarcoma-a single center retrospective study with 14 Chinese patients
Authors: Zhou Tianyi , Guan Jiaqi , Ye Huijing , Yang Huasheng
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary tumor of myeloid origin, often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed, particularly in children. This study aims to evaluate the clinicopathological features, immunophenotypes, therapeutic approaches, and prognosis to enhance patient management.

Methods

This retrospective, single-center case series examined 14 patients diagnosed with myeloid sarcoma through pathological analysis.

Results

The median age at diagnosis was 7 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 8:6. The median disease duration at diagnosis was 1 month, and all patients had unilateral eye involvement. The most common presentation was proptosis, followed by restricted eye movement and eyelid swelling. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that MPO (myeloperoxidase) and lysozyme were the most frequently expressed markers, followed by CD56, α1-antitrypsin (AACT), and CD34. Eleven patients were treated with chemotherapy according to the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) regimen. The median follow-up time for these patients was 13 months. No relapses occurred; one patient died, and three were lost to follow-up. The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis estimated a 5-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rate of 87.5%.

Conclusion

Diagnosing myeloid sarcoma (MS) is often challenging. An adequate tumor biopsy and comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis are essential for an accurate diagnosis. Early and consistent systemic chemotherapy can result in long-term survival.
Researching and Modelling the Translation Process
Authors: Latif Muhammad M. M. Abdel
Published: January 2025

Translation process research is almost four decades old. Translator cognition is one of the most complex translation research areas to study. This complexity stems mainly from the difficulties involved in collecting and analyzing translation process data. The Element reviews and discusses the developments in translation process research. Specifically, it highlights the key terms in translation process research, its data sources, the developments this area has witnessed in four decades, and the efforts made in modelling the translation process so far. The work also proposes a translation process model which shows the central role monitoring plays in managing other translation subprocesses and evaluating the information being processed. Based on the issues reviewed and discussed, it is concluded that translation process research is still maturing. Making further developments in this translation research area requires addressing some contextual and methodological gaps, and investigating particular neglected research dimensions.
Otto Neurath in Britain
Authors: Burke Christopher , Tuboly Adam Tamas
Published: January 2025

Otto Neurath (1882–1945) was an Austrian-born philosopher of science, sociologist and political economist, and one of the most multi-faceted and creative thinkers in the Vienna Circle. Forced into exile by fascism, he was part of the intellectual exodus from Central Europe. After an adventurous escape to England and internment as an 'enemy alien', he enthusiastically adapted to British culture, working on documentary films and publications for the war effort using the Isotype method of visualization. He treasured the British habit of 'muddling through', and debated planning and economics with fellow Central European émigrés, Friedrich Hayek, Karl Mannheim and Karl Popper. Based on new archival research, this book explores a little-known period of Neurath's rich and fascinating life, weaving together biographical, historical, and philosophical strands that reflect the cross-cultural currents of twentieth-century intellectual history through the lens of Neurath's contribution.
Music Contracts in the Streaming Age
Authors: Vanherpe Jozefien
Published: January 2025

This book focuses on music industry contracts and the contractual dynamics between composing and/or performing musicians and their primary partners in the digitised music industry, namely music publishers and record companies, taking account of the ubiquitous nature of music streaming. It focuses on the question of how the legal framework intervenes and should intervene in such contracts, both in theory and in practice. Its objective is to contribute to a level playing field that counteracts the imbalance in bargaining power between musicians and their corporate partners in a proportionate way. The book draws upon an analysis of copyright contract law at the European Union and national level, as well as relevant principles of general contract law, competition law and related applicable rules that curb business-to-business contract terms and trade practices characterised as unreasonable. The book studies the applicable legal framework in Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.This title is part of the Flip it Open Programme and may also be available Open Access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.
The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and Domestic Courts
Authors: Couzens Meda
Published: January 2025

This important contribution to children's rights scholarship brings fresh eyes to the complicated relationship between domestic law and international law in the practice of domestic courts. Through a critical assessment of the judicial application of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in four jurisdictions (Australia, France, South Africa and the United Kingdom), the book demonstrates that the traditional rules of reception remain an essential starting point in understanding how national courts apply the Convention but are unable to explain all forms of judicial engagement therewith. The book shows that regardless of the legal system (monist, dualist, hybrid), courts can apply the Convention meaningfully especially when the domestic structure of reception converges with it. The comparative international law perspective used in the book and the heterogenous sample of jurisdictions analysed enabled the author to distil insights valid for other jurisdictions.
‘The Highest Epicurism’: Mary Astell’s Feminist Ethics and Late Seventeenth-Century Hedonistic Thought
Authors: NAZAR HINA
Published: January 2025

This essay situates Mary Astell’s understanding of women’s moral freedom in the context of her under-studied vocabulary of “Epicurism.” It foregrounds Astell’s engagement with two contemporaneous accounts of the will, both of which can be broadly characterized as hedonistic. On the first, developed by John Norris (1688, 1693), God ensures conformity between his will and the human will by endowing agents with a love of pleasure that moves them in his direction. On the second, delineated by John Locke (1690), human wills are motivated by a morally neutral desire for pleasure, which acquires moral significance only when agents exercise their power of freedom or bring their reason to evaluate the goods that give them pleasure. In her writings of the 1690s, Astell develops a feminist ethics that is far closer to Locke’s than has been recognized. Like Locke, and unlike Norris, she suggests that agents are themselves responsible for aligning their wills with God’s, and they must do so by cultivating reason and a taste for virtuous pleasures. In a distinctively feminist move, she maps how patriarchal society corrupts women’s wills by directing their desires to sense-based goods only, preventing them from achieving the happiness due to them as rational beings. While Astell is routinely characterized as a rationalist philosopher, she is a rationalist who, like Locke, is highly aware of the limits of reason, and deeply interested in the potential of agents to transform their likes and dislikes so that they find pleasure in the exercise of virtue.
Practical Deliberation is Normative
Authors: HAMBLY JESSE
Published: January 2025

It is common for philosophers to suggest that practical deliberation is normative; deliberation about what to do essentially involves employing normative concepts. This thesis—‘the Normativity Thesis’—is significant because, among other things, it supports the conclusion that normative thought is inescapable for us. In this article, I defend the Normativity Thesis against objections.
A transnational double movement? Polanyian reflections on conflicts law constitutionalism
Authors: Klein Steven
Published: January 2025

Few issues remain as fraught as the relationship between European integration and national welfare states. For too long, Social Europe was an afterthought, relegated to the soft domain of the open method of coordination, while the formation of the single market proceeded with the full force of European law and institutions. Since the 2008 financial crisis, the social has returned—not just in Europe, but in all regions grappling with what comes after neo-liberalism. In this response, I turn to Christian Joerges’s seminal articulation of the conflict of laws as Europe’s constitutional form as a contribution to this current theoretical task. Central here has been how Joerges has staged a dialogue between theories of European law and the critique of the market order developed by the Hungarian philosopher and social theorist Karl Polanyi. I argue that Joerges picks up on democratic undercurrents in Polanyi’s theory that move beyond the opposition between nationally bounded welfare states and transnational private economic rights. Rather, we can see the social as a domain of multi-level democratic conflict mediation. While Joerges respects the ordoliberal vision of an economic constitution, he draws attention to their democratic deficits. Indeed, both the ordoliberals and Polanyi would reject the EU’s technocratic instrumentalisation of the market as a device for restructuring national social systems in a way that both deformalises European law and undermines its democratic legitimacy. I conclude with some speculative remarks about how the EU could be seen as introducing new dimensions of conflict into an emerging post-neoliberal order.
Regimes of near-inertial wave dynamics
Authors: Conn Scott , Callies Jörn , Lawrence Albion
Published: January 2025

When atmospheric storms pass over the ocean, they resonantly force near-inertial waves (NIWs), internal waves with a frequency close to the local Coriolis frequency

$f$

. It has long been recognised that the evolution of NIWs is modulated by the ocean's mesoscale eddy field. This can result in NIWs being concentrated into anticyclones which provide an efficient pathway for NIW propagation to depth. Here we analyse the eigenmodes of NIWs in the presence of mesoscale eddies and heavily draw on parallels with quantum mechanics. Whether the eddies are effective at modulating the behaviour of NIWs depends on the wave dispersiveness

$\varepsilon ^2 = f\lambda ^2/\varPsi$

, where

$\lambda$

is the deformation radius and

$\varPsi$

is a scaling for the eddy streamfunction. If

$\varepsilon \gg 1$

, NIWs are strongly dispersive, and the waves are only weakly affected by the eddies. We calculate the perturbations away from a uniform wave field and the frequency shift away from

$f$

. If

$\varepsilon \ll 1$

, NIWs are weakly dispersive, and the wave evolution is strongly modulated by the eddy field. In this weakly dispersive limit, the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation, from which ray tracing emerges, is a valid description of the NIW evolution even if the large-scale atmospheric forcing apparently violates the requisite assumption of a scale separation between the waves and the eddies. The large-scale forcing excites many wave modes, each of which varies on a short spatial scale and is amenable to asymptotic analysis analogous to the semi-classical analysis of quantum systems. The strong modulation of weakly dispersive NIWs by eddies has the potential to modulate the energy input into NIWs from the wind, but we find that this effect should be small under oceanic conditions.
Turbulent shear flow without vortex shedding, Reynolds shear stress and small-scale intermittency
Authors: Steiros K. , Obligado M. , Bragança P. , Cuvier C. , Vassilicos J.C.
Published: January 2025

This work presents an experimental investigation of the effects of vortex shedding suppression on the properties and recovery of turbulent wakes. Four plates, properly modified so that they produce different vortex shedding strengths, are tested using high speed particle image velocimetry and hot-wire anemometry, and analysed using spectral proper orthogonal decomposition, mean-flow linear stability analysis and various turbulence statistics. When present, vortex shedding is found to exhibit a characteristic frequency that scales with the mean shear, providing a link between the mean flow and the main turbulent motion. To achieve full suppression of shedding, we combine the effects of porosity and fractal perimeter. The mean shear is then decreased to the point where the flow becomes convectively unstable and shedding vanishes. In that case, the onset of self-similarity is delayed, compared with the case with vortex shedding, and appears after another large-scale structure, the secondary vortex street, emerges. It is also found that both large- and small-scale intermittency are starkly reduced when shedding is absent. A simple theoretical representation of the wake dynamics explains the evolution of the wake properties and its connection to the coherent structures in the flow.
A frame-semantic approach to conceptual metaphors in the domain of emotion
Authors: Neumair Phillip A. , Gehrecke Fiona M. , Hartmann Stefan , Ziem Alexander
Published: January 2025

The article explores the metaphorical conceptualization of emotions. Conceptual metaphors are understood here as frames (i.e., structures of knowledge in long-term memory) in their own right. For modeling both the source and target domains of metaphors, the CoMetNet (Conceptual Metaphor Network) project uses frames documented in the German FrameNet-Constructicon project in spite of ad hoc created domains in previous literature. By doing so, it strives for a more empirically motivated description of conceptual metaphors. Drawing on a specialized corpus, it is shown that (1) our frame-semantic approach permits addressing the status of emotion concepts in the conceptual and linguistic system. More specifically, it shows that (2) frame elements (FEs) reflect adequately which aspects are relevant in the conceptualization of emotions and that (3) the complexity of emotion concepts can be thought of as an interplay between (different types of) frames. However, there are still some challenges for CoMetNet, e.g., the frame-semantic description of emotion metaphors that draw on highly schematic and scalar source domains.
On the role of space–valence congruency in bilingual orientational metaphor processing
Authors: Dyrmo Tomasz , Jankowiak Katarzyna , Kakuba Patrycja
Published: January 2025

Metaphor processing has been mostly researched using the space–valence paradigm, where participants respond to either space–valence congruent or incongruent stimuli. Little attention has, however, been devoted to the role of valence–space associations in bilingual orientational metaphor comprehension. Here, we employed a reaction time method and tested Polish (L1) – English (L2) highly proficient bilinguals, who performed a metaphoricity judgment task to L1 and L2 conceptual metaphoric sentences that were either valence–space congruent (BAD IS DOWN and GOOD IS UP) or incongruent (BAD IS UP and GOOD IS DOWN). The results showed a valence effect, where negatively valenced sentences were evaluated more accurately than positively valenced stimuli. We also found an interaction between valence, congruency and language, such that in both L1 and L2, negatively and positively valenced congruent metaphors were easier and faster to process than those violating the space–valence congruency. Altogether, this study provides a more embodied and experientially grounded approach to studying human cognition, lending credence to the automatic activation of primary metaphorical mappings in the human mind.
Frequency-based salience of dual meanings in conventional metaphor acquisition: Evidence from toddlers in Urban England
Authors: Gaskins Dorota K.
Published: January 2025

This study investigates claims that metaphor acquisition is rooted in the words’ concrete meanings: to be able to use metaphors and other non-literal languages, the child needs to ‘go beyond’ meanings that are conventional and so presumably concrete (e.g., Falkum, 2022: 97). To test if metaphor-related words emerge via their concrete senses and how this reflects child-directed speech, I examined 594 hours of interactional data for three English-speaking toddlers from urban middle-class England, whose speech was densely sampled between the ages of 2;00 and 3;01. The data show that 75%–82% conventional metaphors were acquired via their concrete senses and that the order of acquisition of concrete and abstract senses corresponded with their input frequencies. Overall, when hearing conventional metaphors, 81%–89% of the time children were exposed to their concrete meanings. Contrary to the generic argument that children’s pragmatic reasoning with non-literal uses is impeded by meaning conventionality (Falkum, 2022), my preliminary data suggest that it is influenced by the frequency of exposure to the concrete meanings of conventional metaphors, which leads to a generalised prediction that the most probable interpretation of any new metaphor is concrete (literal). Qualitative analyses further reveal that abstract meanings, when acquired first, were learned in highly emotive contexts.
A family of quasi-axisymmetric stellarators with varied rotational transform
Authors: Buller S. , Landreman M. , Kappel J. , Gaur R.
Published: January 2025

We apply a continuation method to recently optimized stellarator equilibria with excellent quasi-axisymmetry to generate new equilibria with a wide range of rotational transform profiles. Using these equilibria, we investigate how the rotational transform affects fast-particle confinement, the maximum coil–plasma distance, the maximum growth rate in linear gyrokinetic ion-temperature gradient simulations and the ion heat flux in corresponding nonlinear simulations. We find values of two-term quasi-symmetry error comparable to or lower than those of the similar Landreman–Paul (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 128, 2022, 035001) configuration for values of the mean rotational transform

$\bar {\iota }$

between

$0.12$

and

$0.75$

. The fast-particle confinement improves with

$\bar {\iota }$

until

$\bar {\iota } = 0.73$

, at which point the degradation in quasi-symmetry outweighs the benefits of further increasing

$\bar {\iota }$

. The required coil–plasma distance only varies by about

${\pm }10\,\%$

for the configurations under consideration, and is between

$2.8$

and

$3.3\ \mathrm {m}$

when the configuration is scaled up to reactor size (minor radius

$a=1.7\ \mathrm {m}$

and volume-averaged magnetic field strength of

$5.86\ \mathrm {T}$

). The maximum growth rate from linear gyrokinetic simulations increases with

$\bar {\iota }$

, but also shifts towards higher

$k_y$

values. The maximum linear growth rate is sensitive to the choice of flux tube at rational

$\bar {\iota }$

, but this can be compensated for by taking the maximum over several flux tubes. The corresponding ion heat fluxes from nonlinear simulations display a non-monotonic relation to

$\bar {\iota }$

. Sufficiently large positive shear is destabilizing. This is reflected in both linear growth rates and nonlinear heat fluxes.
Internal migration in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): variations across economic zones in 2006–2023
Authors: Sinitsa Arseniy L.
Published: January 2025

The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) faces serious demographic challenges. One of the most important among them is the imbalance of population flows within internal migration. This paper examines the patterns of internal migration in the Republic, based on the distribution of municipal districts (uluses) by economic zones designated by the authorities for administrative purposes. The six most common indices characterising the intensity of migration of the population were used for the analysis. The homogeneity of Yakutia’s districts according to these indices was tested using the van der Waerden test. The article reveals that the intensity of migration in Yakutia has increased since 2011. The financial crisis of 2008–2009 and the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant but temporary impact on internal migration in Yakutia. Only Yakutsk has experienced population growth due to internal migration throughout the period studied. The intensity of migration in the Arctic uluses was not statistically different from central and eastern uluses, but differed from the most economically developed districts in southern and western Yakutia. The Republic was homogeneous with respect to the balance of migration inflows and outflows, but there was considerable heterogeneity in terms of the impact of migration on the size of the population.
Digital face-work, politics, and small scandals
Authors: Maly Ico
Published: January 2025

Drawing from Erving Goffman's seminal work on face-to-face interaction, this article introduces the concepts of digital face-work and the digital interaction in order to make sense of digital interaction. The theoretical framework emphasizes the sociotechnical aspects of face-work, portraying digital platforms not merely as spaces for interaction but as active participants co-shaping users’ face-work. Focusing on the political arena, the study examines how politicians use digital platforms to construct and maintain their digital face in relation to ‘small scandals’. Through a case study of Flemish nationalist politician, Theo Francken, trying to save face after a scandal erupted, it illustrates the complexities of digital face-work in a hybrid media system. The article underscores the challenges of managing face in the digital landscape, where context collapse and platform directives complicate self-presentation strategies. It also explores the interplay between individual agency and platform dynamics in shaping the digital interaction order. (Digital face, digital interaction order, political scandals, small scandals)
Spatio-temporal behaviour of SIR models with cross-diffusion and vital dynamics
Authors: Ahmadpoortorkamani Maryam , Cheviakov Alexei
Published: January 2025

Contemporary epidemiological models often involve spatial variation, providing an avenue to investigate the averaged dynamics of individual movements. In this work, we extend a recent model by Vaziry, Kolokolnikov, and Kevrekidis [Royal Society Open Science 9 (10), 2022] that included, in both infected and susceptible population dynamics equations, a cross-diffusion term with the second spatial derivative of the infected population density. Diffusion terms of this type occur, for example, in the Keller–Siegel chemotaxis model. The presented model corresponds to local orderly commute of susceptible and infected individuals and is shown to arise in two dimensions as a limit of a discrete process. The present contribution identifies and studies specific features of the new model’s dynamics, including various types of infection waves and buffer zones protected from the infection. The model with vital dynamics additionally exhibits complex spatio-temporal behaviour that involves the generation of quasiperiodic infection waves and emergence of transient strongly heterogeneous patterns.
PTSD and challenges among older Chinese in Shenzhen during COVID-19 pandemic: Trust in authority and medical professionals as moderators
Authors: Jin Jiahui , Lai Daniel W.L. , Lee Vincent W.P. , Yan Elsie , Ou Alison X.T. , Wang Julia Juan
Published: January 2025

Aim:

This research aimed to comprehensively explore the impact of diverse challenges encountered by older adults on the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It delved into how these effects vary depending on individuals’ levels of trust in authority and medical professionals, providing a nuanced understanding of the interplay between external challenges, personal trust, and mental health outcomes in the older population.

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed significant hardships, particularly on the ageing population, with potential psychological repercussions such as PTSD. Notably, there is a dearth of research exploring this association within the context of Chinese older adults, a group that may experience unique impacts due to cultural differences in the face of global crises.

Methods:

Data were collected from a representative sample of 1,211 participants aged 60 years and above in Shenzhen. Logistic and hierarchical linear regression methods were utilized to investigate the relationship between the challenges posed by COVID-19, public trust, and the manifestation of PTSD symptoms.

Findings:

Higher levels of challenges related to ‘supplies, services access and safety’, ‘abuse and conflicts’, and ‘anger and fear’ were associated with PTSD. Furthermore, a lower level of challenges related to ‘disease management and information’ was associated with PTSD. Trust in authority or medical professionals was the moderator between the challenges brought about by COVID-19 and PTSD, which helped to lower the impact of challenges. Despite the challenges brought by COVID-19 to people, nurturing a stronger sense of trust in authority and medical professionals would ease older adults’ psychological stress and concerns.
The ‘Means Available to Relieve Suffering’: Translating Medical Assistance in Dying Safeguards in Canadian Policy and Practice
Authors: Sinding Christina , Kumar Katyayani , Smith Pat , Ivanyi Katalin
Published: January 2025

In Canada in 2021, people with non-life-limiting health conditions and disabilities became eligible for medical assistance in dying (MAiD). New legislative safeguards include a ninety-day assessment period and a requirement that health professionals engage with the person requesting MAiD about ‘means available to relieve their suffering’ (MARS). Government communications about the MARS safeguards emphasise distinct policy objectives, that we illustrate by analysing two texts. We then report on an ongoing study with health professionals involved in MAiD. In interviews, participants described supporting patients to imagine possibilities for feeling differently, creatively devising interventions, and actively connecting patients with (and in some cases bringing about) services and resources. Drawing on literature on front-line policy making we show how discourses of expert communication, care, and advocacy animate a specific translation of the MARS safeguards, one that recognises social and relational as well as deliberative autonomy, and reflects a range of MAiD policy goals.
Cognitive therapy for moral injury in post-traumatic stress disorder: integrating religious beliefs and practices
Authors: Wakelin Katherine E. , El-Leithy Sharif
Published: January 2025

Moral injury is the profound psychological distress that can arise from exposure to extreme events that violate an individual’s moral or ethical code; for example, participating in, witnessing, or being subjected to behaviours that harm, betray or fail to help others. Given that the experience of moral transgression is inherent to moral injury-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it is important to consider patients’ religious beliefs and formulate how these may interact with their distress. In this article we describe how to adapt cognitive therapy for PTSD (CT-PTSD) to treat patients presenting with moral injury-related PTSD, who identify as religious. Anonymised case examples are presented to illustrate how to adapt CT-PTSD to integrate patient’s religious beliefs and address moral conflicts and transgressions. Practical and reflective considerations are also discussed, including how a therapist’s personal beliefs may interact with how they position themselves in the work.

Key learning aims

(1)

To understand the importance of patients’ religious beliefs in the context of moral injury-related distress.

(2)

To understand how patients’ religious beliefs can be integrated into Ehlers and Clark’s (2000) model when working with moral injury-related PTSD.

(3)

To offer practical adaptations for CT-PTSD to integrate patients’ religious beliefs and practices, including how to set up a consultation with a religious expert in therapy.

(4)

To aid therapist reflection on how their personal beliefs interact with how they position themselves in therapeutic work with religious patients.
Common Target Site Resistance Mutations for PPO-Inhibiting Herbicides in Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Do Not Confer Cross-Resistance to Trifludimoxazin
Authors: Steppig Nicholas R. , Johnson William G. , Young Bryan G.
Published: January 2025

Trifludimoxazin is a PPO-inhibiting herbicide currently under development for preplant burndown and soil residual weed control in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and other crops. Greenhouse dose response experiments with foliar applications of trifludimoxazin, fomesafen, and saflufenacil were conducted on susceptible and PPO-inhibitor resistant (PPO-R) waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer] and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) biotypes. These PPO-R biotypes contained the PPO2 target site (TS) mutations ΔG210 (A. tuberculatus and A. palmeri), R128G (A. tuberculatus), and V361A (A. palmeri). The R/S ratios for fomesafen and saflufenacil ranged from 2.0 to 9.2 across all PPO-R biotypes. In contrast, the response of known PPO inhibitor-susceptible and -resistant biotypes to trifludimoxazin did not differ within each Amaranthus species. In 2017 and 2018 experiments at the Meigs and Davis Purdue Agriculture Centers were conducted in fields with native A. tuberculatus populations comprised of 3% and 30% PPO-R plants (ΔG210 mutation), respectively. At Meigs in 2018, A. tuberculatus control following foliar applications of fomesafen, lactofen, saflufenacil, and trifludimoxazin was greater than 95%. When averaged across the other three site-years, applications of 25 g ai ha-1 trifludimoxazin resulted in 95% control of A. tuberculatus 28 DAA, while applications of fomesafen (343 g ai ha-1), lactofen (219 g ai ha-1), or saflufenacil (25.0 or 50 g ai ha-1), resulted in 80 to 88% control. Thus, at these relative application rates, the foliar efficacy of trifludimoxazin was comparable or greater on A. tuberculatus, when compared to other commercial PPO inhibitors, even in populations where low frequencies of PPO inhibitor-resistant plants exist. The lack of cross resistance for common PPO2 TS mutations to trifludimoxazin, and the level of foliar field efficacy observed on populations containing PPO-R individuals suggests that trifludimoxazin may be a valuable herbicide in an integrated approach for managing herbicide-resistant Amaranthus weeds.
Development and Validation of a Short Form of the German Self-Consciousness Scale for the General Population
Authors: Brophy Kyla , Emery Matthew , Coroiu Adina , Albani Cornelia , Braehler Elmar , Körner Annett
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Background: The German translation of the Self-Consciousness Scale ( Fragebogen zur Erfassung dispositionaler Selbstaufmerksamkeit [SAM]) is a 27-item, self-report measure assessing self-consciousness. Previous studies showed a poor fit for the proposed two-factor structure, assessing private and public self-consciousness. We assessed the factor structure of the German version to develop and validate a short form, aiming to improve model fit and provide a brief version for use in research and clinical practice. Method: Participants were 2,326 adults representative of the German general population, divided randomly into two comparable samples: Sample A and Sample B. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with Sample A to inform item selection; we used Sample B to evaluate the proposed short form, examining structural validity, measurement invariance, and convergent validity with measures assessing quality of life, well-being, neuroticism, and stress. Results: The results support a two-factor hierarchical model for the 12-item short form, demonstrating full measurement invariance across gender, age, and education level. We found positive correlations between self-consciousness, quality of life, well-being, and chronic stress. Discussion: The results support the use of the SAM-SF to provide a total score as well as subscale scores for private and public self-consciousness.
Strategies to enhance THz harmonic generation combining multilayered, gated, and metamaterial-based architectures
Authors: Maleki Ali , Heindl Moritz B. , Xin Yongbao , Boyd Robert W. , Herink Georg , Ménard Jean-Michel
Published: January 2025

Graphene has unique properties paving the way for groundbreaking future applications. Its large optical nonlinearity and ease of integration in devices notably makes it an ideal candidate to become a key component for all-optical switching and frequency conversion applications. In the terahertz (THz) region, various approaches have been independently demonstrated to optimize the nonlinear effects in graphene, addressing a critical limitation arising from the atomically thin interaction length. Here, we demonstrate sample architectures that combine strategies to enhance THz nonlinearities in graphene-based structures. We achieve this by increasing the interaction length through a multilayered design, controlling carrier density with an electrical gate, and modulating the THz field spatial distribution with a metallic metasurface substrate. Our study specifically investigates third harmonic generation (THG) using a table-top high-field THz source. We measure THG enhancement factors exceeding thirty and propose architectures capable of achieving a two-order-of-magnitude increase. These findings underscore the potential of engineered graphene-based structures in advancing THz frequency conversion technologies for signal processing and wireless communication applications.
Chiral exceptional point enhanced active tuning and nonreciprocity in micro-resonators
Authors: Lee Hwaseob , Chang Lorry , Kecebas Ali , Mao Dun , Xiao Yahui , Li Tiantian , Alù Andrea , Özdemir Sahin K. , Gu Tingyi
Published: January 2025

Exceptional points (EPs) have been extensively explored in mechanical, acoustic, plasmonic, and photonic systems. However, little is known about the role of EPs in tailoring the dynamic tunability of optical devices. A specific type of EPs known as chiral EPs has recently attracted much attention for controlling the flow of light and for building sensors with better responsivity. A recently demonstrated route to chiral EPs via lithographically defined symmetric Mie scatterers on the rim of resonators has not only provided the much-needed mechanical stability for studying chiral EPs, but also helped reduce losses originating from nanofabrication imperfections, facilitating the in-situ study of chiral EPs and their contribution to the dynamics and tunability of resonators. Here, we use asymmetric Mie scatterers to break the rotational symmetry of a microresonator, to demonstrate deterministic thermal tuning across a chiral EP, and to demonstrate EP-mediated chiral optical nonlinear response and efficient electro-optic tuning. Our results indicate asymmetric electro-optic modulation with up to 17 dB contrast at GHz and CMOS-compatible voltage levels. Such wafer-scale nano-manufacturing of chiral electro-optic modulators and the chiral EP-tailored tunning may facilitate new micro-resonator functionalities in quantum information processing, electromagnetic wave control, and optical interconnects.