bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancements in molecular design and bioprocessing of recombinant adeno‐associated virus gene delivery vectors using the insect‐cell baculovirus expression platform
Authors: Joshi Pranav R.H. , Venereo‐Sanchez Alina , Chahal Parminder S. , Kamen Amine A.
Published: December 2020

Despite rapid progress in the field, scalable high‐yield production of adeno‐associated virus (AAV) is still one of the critical bottlenecks the manufacturing sector is facing. The insect cell‐baculovirus expression vector system (IC‐BEVS) has emerged as a mainstream platform for the scalable production of recombinant proteins with clinically approved products for human use. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the advancements in IC‐BEVS for rAAV production. Since the first report of baculovirus‐induced production of rAAV vector in insect cells in 2002, this platform has undergone significant improvements, including enhanced stability of Bac‐vector expression and a reduced number of baculovirus‐coinfections. The latter streamlining strategy led to the eventual development of the Two‐Bac, One‐Bac, and Mono‐Bac systems. The one baculovirus system consisting of an inducible packaging insect cell line was further improved to enhance the AAV vector quality and potency. In parallel, the implementation of advanced manufacturing approaches and control of critical processing parameters have demonstrated promising results with process validation in large‐scale bioreactor runs. Moreover, optimization of the molecular design of vectors to enable higher cell‐specific yields of functional AAV particles combined with bioprocess intensification strategies may also contribute to addressing current and future manufacturing challenges.
Long‐term quality of life & functional outcomes after treatment of oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Scott Susanne I. , Kathrine Ø. Madsen Anne , Rubek Niclas , Charabi Birgitte W. , Wessel Irene , Fredslund Hadjú Sara , Jensen Claus V. , Stephen Sarah , Patterson Joanne M. , Friborg Jeppe , Hutcheson Kathrine A. , Kehlet Henrik , von Buchwald Christian
Published: December 2020

Functional and QoL outcomes were compared longitudinally in a cohort of patients treated for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) with primary transoral robotic surgery (TORS) or radiotherapy (RT). Forty‐four patients undergoing primary TORS (n = 31) or RT (n = 13) for any stage OPSCC were included. Only low‐stage disease was treated with TORS. Functional outcomes were: salivary flow rate, image‐based swallowing function, and a self‐reported 10‐point scale comparing current swallowing function to baseline (CvB scale). QoL was assessed with European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core (EORTC QLQ‐C30), Head & Neck Module (EORTC QLQ‐HN35), and MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI). Shoulder impairment was assessed with Neck Dissection Impairment Index (NDII) and Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS). In the RT group, salivary flow rates had significantly declined at 12‐month follow‐up, with the biggest declines in QoL subscale scores recorded in the RT group for dry mouth and sticky saliva. Swallowing function on imaging studies was overall good, with no severe dysphagia within 1 year although, both treatment groups showed significant deterioration relative to baseline at the 12‐month follow‐up with increased DIGEST scores and pharyngeal retention. Shoulder impairment was rare at 1 year in both groups. A comprehensive examination of this cohort treated for OPSCC showed overall good functional and QoL outcomes 1 year after treatment. However, persistent impairment was seen in both groups with regards to swallowing function. In the TORS group, at 12‐months follow‐up, the QoL questionnaires showed worse scores in only one subscale (sticky saliva).
Return to work following laparoscopic‐assisted resection or open resection for rectal cancer: Findings from AlaCaRT—Australasian Laparoscopic Cancer of the Rectum Trial
Authors: Law Chi Kin , Brewer Kate , Brown Chris , Wilson Kate , Bailey Lisa , Hague Wendy , Simes John R. , Stevenson Andrew , Solomon Michael , Morton Rachael L. ,   the Australasian Gastro‐Intestinal Trials Group (AGITG) ALaCaRT investigators
Published: December 2020

Background

Maintaining employment for adults with cancer is important, however, little is known about the impact of surgery for rectal cancer on an individual's capacity to return to work (RTW). This study aimed to determine the impact of laparoscopic vs. open resection on RTW at 12 months.

Methods

Analyses were undertaken among participants randomized in the Australian Laparoscopic Cancer of the Rectum Trial (ALaCaRT), with work status available at baseline (presurgery), and 12 months. Multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics estimated the effect of surgery on RTW in any capacity, or return to preoperative work status at 12 months.

Results

About 228 of 449 (51%) surviving trial participants at 12 months completed work status questionnaires; mean age was 62 years, 66% males, 117 of these received laparoscopic resection (51%). Of 228, 120 were employed at baseline (90 full‐time, 30 part‐time). Overall RTW in 120 participants in paid work at baseline was 78% (84% laparoscopic, 70% open surgery). Those employed full‐time were more likely to RTW at 12 months (OR, 3.55; 95% CI, 1.02–12.31). Those with distant metastases at baseline were less likely to RTW (OR, 0.07; 95% CI, <0.01–0.83). Laparoscopic surgery was associated with a higher rate of RTW but did not reach statistical significance (OR 2.88; 95% CI, 0.95–8.76).

Conclusions

Full‐time work presurgery and the presence of metastatic disease predicts RTW status at 12 months. A laparoscopic‐assisted surgical approach to rectal cancer may facilitate more patients to RTW, however, larger sample sizes are likely needed to confirm this result.
Rapid HER2 cytologic fluorescence in situ hybridization for breast cancer using noncontact alternating current electric field mixing
Authors: Watanabe Shin‐nosuke , Imai Kazuhiro , Nanjo Hiroshi , Wakamatsu Yuki , Kimura Yoshihiko , Katayose Yoshihisa , Kamata Shuichi , Terata Kaori , Takahashi Eriko , Ibonai Ayano , Yamaguchi Ayuko , Konno Hikari , Yatsuyanagi Misako , Kudo Chiaki , Takashima Shinogu , Akagami Yoichi , Nakamura Ryuta , Sato Yusuke , Motoyama Satoru , Nomura Kyoko , Minamiya Yoshihiro
Published: December 2020

Background

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐in situ hybridization (HER2‐ISH) is widely approved for diagnostic, prognostic biomarker testing of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue blocks. However, cytologic ISH analysis has a potential advantage in tumor samples such as pleural effusion and ascites that are difficult to obtain the histological specimens. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical reliability of a novel rapid cytologic HER2 fluorescence ISH protocol (rapid‐CytoFISH).

Materials and Methods

Using a new device, we applied a high‐voltage/frequency, noncontact alternating current electric field to tissue imprints and needle rinses, which mixed the probe within microdroplets as the voltage was switched on and off (AC mixing). Cytologic samples (n = 143) were collected from patients with immunohistochemically identified HER2 breast cancers. The specimens were then tested using standard dual‐color ISH using formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue (FFPE‐tissue DISH) for HER2‐targeted therapies, CytoFISH, and rapid‐CytoFISH (completed within 4 h).

Results

All 143 collected cytologic specimens (50 imprinted cytology specimens from resected tumors and 93 liquid‐based cytology specimens from needle rinses) were suitable for FISH analysis. The HER2/chromosome enumeration probe (CEP) 17 ratios did not significantly differ between FFPE‐tissue DISH and either CytoFISH protocol. Based on HER2 scoring criteria, we found 95.1% agreement between FFPE‐tissue DISH and CytoFISH (Cohen's kappa coefficient = 0.771 and 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.614–0.927).

Conclusion

CytoFISH could potentially serve as a clinical tool for prompt determination of HER2 status in breast cancer cytology. Rapid‐CytoFISH with AC mixing will enable cancer diagnoses and HER2 status to be determined on the same day a patient comes to a clinic or hospital.
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in a male of 16 years old. A case report
Authors: Waxman Daniel Salame , Chavira Adelaido López , Jiménez Martín Alberto Porras , Hernández César López , Magdaleno Jorge Alberto Romo , Montoy Julio Eduardo López
Published: December 2020

We present a multisystemic approach involving diverse specialists of a rare disease. Bringing into the perspective the importance of multidisciplinary work and complete patient knowledge in order to an adequate clinical practice and patient outcome.
Ancient foe spectra: Case series of Mycobacterium tuberculosis presentations
Authors: Goravey Wael , Ali Gawahir A. , Petkar Mahir , Ammar Adham , Eldean Mouhammad Sharaf , Al Maslamani Muna A. , Abdel Hadi Hamad
Published: December 2020

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis frequently eludes assessment through atypical presentations and constitute diagnostic challenges. High degree of suspicion with aids of GeneXpert MTB/RIF can clinch the diagnosis and avoid unnecessary consequences.
Peri‐implantitis management in a patient with erosive oral lichen planus. A case report
Authors: Martin‐Cabezas Rodrigo
Published: December 2020

Oral lichen planus did not seem to influence the peri‐implant healing. Oral lesions with malignant potential can mimic peri‐implantitis, and a biopsy should be performed in cases of progression or nonregression of the lesion after initial treatment.
Pregabalin Population Pharmacokinetic and Exposure‐Response Analyses for Focal Onset Seizures in Children (4–16 years) and Adults, to Support Dose Recommendations in Children
Authors: Chan Phylinda L. S. , Marshall Scott F. , McFadyen Lynn , Liu Jing
Published: December 2020

Pregabalin is approved in multiple countries as adjunctive therapy for adult patients with focal onset seizures (FOS; previously termed partial onset seizures). This study used population pharmacokinetic (PK) and exposure–response (E‐R) analyses from pooled pregabalin concentration and efficacy data to compare pregabalin exposure and E‐R relationships in pediatric and adult patients with FOS, to support pediatric dosage recommendations. A one‐compartment disposition model was used, with first‐order absorption and body surface area‐normalized creatinine clearance on clearance. Individual pregabalin average steady‐state concentrations were predicted and used in an E‐R analysis of efficacy. The E‐R relationship of pregabalin was similar in pediatric (4–16 years) and adult patients with FOS after accounting for differences in baseline natural log‐transformed 28‐day seizure rate and placebo effect. Population PK simulations showed that children aged 4–16 years and weighing ≥ 30 kg required pregabalin 2.5–10 mg/kg/day to achieve similar pregabalin exposure at steady‐state to adult patients receiving the approved doses of 150–600 mg/day. For children 4–16 years weighing < 30 kg, a higher pregabalin dose of 3.5–14 mg/kg/day was required to achieve equivalent exposure at steady‐state. The results support the dosage guidance provided in the pregabalin prescribing label, whereby pediatric patients (4–16 years) weighing < 30 kg should receive a 40% higher pregabalin dose (per kg of body weight) than patients weighing ≥ 30 kg to achieve similar exposure. Our combined modeling approach may provide guidance for future extrapolation assessment from adult to pediatric patients.
Cytopathologic findings in histiocytic sarcoma of thyroid mimicking as anaplastic carcinoma: A report of a rare case with review of literature
Authors: Gupta Deepika , Gupta Aanchal , Nalwa Aasma , Yadav Taruna , Chaudhary Ramkaran , Rao Meenakshi
Published: December 2020

Background

Histiocytic sarcoma is an extremely rare malignant hematological histiocytic neoplasm which is a diagnosis of exclusion based on its morphological and predominantly immunohistochemical criteria.

Case Description and Diagnosis

A 63‐year female presented with complaints of a midline neck swelling along with right sided neck swelling. On fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) from the thyroid lesion and the right cervical lymph node, the smears showed similar findings and a provisional morphological diagnosis of malignant spindle cell neoplasm was kept. On immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells showed immunoreactivity for vimentin, CD45, CD 68 and fascin and were immunonegative for thyroglobulin, S100, CD21, CD3, CD4 and other markers. Based on the immunohistochemical profile, a diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma was established.

Conclusion

Histiocytic sarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that can be easily missed in thyroid resembling an anaplastic carcinoma.
Label‐free proteomics for discovering biomarker candidates of RAD140 administration to castrated horses
Authors: Cheung Hiu Wing , Wong Kin‐Sing , To Ning Sum , Bond Amanda J. , Farrington Adrian F. , Prabhu Anil , Curl Peter , Wan Terence S.M. , Ho Emmie N.M.
Published: December 2020

Selective androgen receptor (AR) modulators (SARMs) are potent anabolic agents with a high potential of misuse in horseracing and equestrian sports. In this study, we applied label‐free proteomics to discover plasma protein biomarkers in geldings (castrated horses) after administration with a popular SARM named RAD140. Tryptic peptides were prepared from plasma samples and analyzed by nano‐flow ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (nano‐UHPLC–HRMS/MS) using data‐independent acquisition (DIA) method. Orthogonal projection on latent structure‐discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) has led to the development of a predictive model that could discriminate RAD140‐administered samples from control samples and could also correctly classify 18 out of 19 in‐training horses as control samples. The model comprises 75 proteins with variable importance in projection (VIP) score above 1. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and literature review have identified upregulation of AR‐regulated clusterin, and proteins associated with inflammation (haptoglobin, cluster of differentiation 14 [CD14], and inter‐alpha‐trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 [ITIH4]) and erythropoiesis (glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase D1 [GPLD1]) after RAD140 administration. Their changes were confirmed by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) experiments. Similar effects have been reported by the use of androgens and other SARMs. This is the first reported study that describes the use of a proteomic biomarker approach to detect horses that have been administered with RAD140 by applying label‐free proteomic profiling of plasma samples. These results support the concept of a biomarker‐driven approach to enhance the doping control of RAD140 and potentially other SARMs in the future.
Satellite‐based habitat monitoring reveals long‐term dynamics of deer habitat in response to forest disturbances
Authors: Oeser Julian , Heurich Marco , Senf Cornelius , Pflugmacher Dirk , Kuemmerle Tobias
Published: December 2020

Disturbances play a key role in driving forest ecosystem dynamics, but how disturbances shape wildlife habitat across space and time often remains unclear. A major reason for this is a lack of information about changes in habitat suitability across large areas and longer time periods. Here, we use a novel approach based on Landsat satellite image time series to map seasonal habitat suitability annually from 1986 to 2017. Our approach involves characterizing forest disturbance dynamics using Landsat‐based metrics, harmonizing these metrics through a temporal segmentation algorithm, and then using them together with GPS telemetry data in habitat models. We apply this framework to assess how natural forest disturbances and post‐disturbance salvage logging affect habitat suitability for two ungulates, roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus), over 32 yr in a Central European forest landscape. We found that red and roe deer differed in their response to forest disturbances. Habitat suitability for red deer consistently improved after disturbances, whereas the suitability of disturbed sites was more variable for roe deer depending on season (lower during winter than summer) and disturbance agent (lower in windthrow vs. bark‐beetle‐affected stands). Salvage logging altered the suitability of bark beetle‐affected stands for deer, having negative effects on red deer and mixed effects on roe deer, but generally did not have clear effects on habitat suitability in windthrows. Our results highlight long‐lasting legacy effects of forest disturbances on deer habitat. For example, bark beetle disturbances improved red deer habitat suitability for at least 25 yr. The duration of disturbance impacts generally increased with elevation. Methodologically, our approach proved effective for improving the robustness of habitat reconstructions from Landsat time series: integrating multiyear telemetry data into single, multi‐temporal habitat models improved model transferability in time. Likewise, temporally segmenting the Landsat‐based metrics increased the temporal consistency of our habitat suitability maps. As the frequency of natural forest disturbances is increasing across the globe, their impacts on wildlife habitat should be considered in wildlife and forest management. Our approach offers a widely applicable method for monitoring habitat suitability changes caused by landscape dynamics such as forest disturbance.
Mapping suitable great ape habitat in and around the Lobéké National Park, South‐East Cameroon
Authors: Ginath Yuh Yisa , N'Goran Paul K. , Dongmo Zacharie N. , Tracz Wiktor , Tangwa Elvis , Agunbiade Michael , Kühl Hjalmar S. , Sop Tenekwetche , Fotang Chefor
Published: December 2020

As a result of extensive data collection efforts over the last 20–30 years, there is quite a good understanding of the large‐scale geographic distribution and range limits of African great apes. However, as human activities increasingly fragment great ape spatial distribution, a better understanding of what constitutes suitable great ape habitat is needed to inform conservation and resource extraction management. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) inhabit the Lobéké National Park and its surrounding forest management units (FMUs) in South‐East Cameroon. Both park and neighboring forestry concessions require reliable evidence on key factors driving great ape distribution for their management plans, yet this information is largely missing and incomplete. This study aimed at mapping great ape habitat suitability in the area and at identifying the most influential predictors among three predictor categories, including landscape predictors (dense forest, swampy forest, distance to water bodies, and topography), human disturbance predictors (hunting, deforestation, distance to roads, and population density), and bioclimatic predictor (annual precipitation). We found that about 63% of highly to moderately suitable chimpanzee habitat occurred within the Lobéké National Park, while only 8.4% of similar habitat conditions occurred within FMUs. For gorillas, highly and moderately suitable habitats occurred within the Lobéké National Park and its surrounding FMUs (82.6% and 65.5%, respectively). Key determinants of suitable chimpanzee habitat were hunting pressure and dense forest, with species occurrence probability optimal at relatively lower hunting rates and at relatively high‐dense forest areas. Key determinants of suitable gorilla habitat were hunting pressure, dense forests, swampy forests, and slope, with species occurrence probability optimal at relatively high‐dense and swampy forest areas and at areas with mild slopes. Our findings show differential response of the two ape species to forestry activities in the study area, thus aligning with previous studies.
Aboveground biomass production and dominant species type determined canopy storage capacity of abandoned grassland communities on semiarid Loess Plateau
Authors: Xiong Peifeng , Chen Zhifei , Zhou Junjie , Lai Shuaibin , Jian Chunxia , Wang Zhi , Xu Bingcheng
Published: December 2020

Quantifying canopy storage capacity and its temporal variation is necessary for evaluating the ecohydrological effects of grassland restoration. In this study, four grassland communities after abandonment of 2, 7, 15 and 30 years on the semiarid Loess Plateau were selected, and canopy storage capacities, canopy structures and species compositions were examined in the growth period (May to September). Canopy, living plant, standing litter and floor litter storage capacities ranged from 0.11–0.56, 0.030–0.51, 0.0070–0.079 and 0.013–0.21 mm, respectively, and all exhibited an increasing trend with restoration year. Canopy storage capacity, vegetation coverage and aboveground biomass reached the maximum in August. Standing and floor litter storage capacities had the highest correlations with their biomass weights. Species diversity reached the maximum in 15 years abandoned grassland, with no significant monthly change. Annual forb, annual grass, perennial forb and perennial forb/grass were the typical dominant species type of 2, 7, 15 and 30 years abandoned grasslands, respectively. Perennial forbs (Artemisia gmelinii, Lespedeza davurica) had higher water storage than those of annual forb (Artemisia capillaris) and grasses (Setaria viridis, Roegneria kamoji). Path analysis revealed that fresh aboveground biomass and dominant species type mainly affected canopy storage capacity. No significant correlations were found between storage capacity and species diversity indexes. These results highlighted the importance of vegetation aboveground biomass and species functional group for evaluating grassland hydrological function and adopting suitable restoration strategy.
Thermal optimization of manganese dioxide nanorods with enhanced ORR activity for alkaline membrane fuel cell
Authors: Ahmad Shahbaz , Nawaz Tahir , Ullah Abid , Ahmed Mushtaq , Khan M. Owais , Saher Saim , Qamar Affaq , Sikandar Muhammad Ali
Published: December 2020

In this study, pristine MnO2 catalyst was synthesized by hydrothermal technique and annealed at 400 and 600°C (MnO2@400°C and MnO2@600°C) transforming it into nanorods in a nitrogen atmosphere. The heat treatment process ameliorates the catalytic activity of the MnO2 catalyst by inducing oxygen vacancies. The catalyst is characterized by scanning electron microscope, and X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, whereas the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity examined through rotating disc electrode and fuel cell test station. To elucidate the effect of sintering temperature on the MnO2 nanorods, the high angle annular dark‐field (HAADF) imaging was carried out on the samples. MnO2@400°C showed preeminent robustness to withstand austere alkaline environment during the experiment and possessed high electrocatalytic activity for the ORR with current density and onset potential values of 6.4 mA cm–2 and 0.80 V VS (RHE), respectively. The single‐cell test experiment of alkaline fuel cell delivered peak power density 81 mW/cm at 50°C. It is believed that this idiosyncratic behavior of MnO2 nanorods is due to the preferential growth on (211) and (310) indices and coexistence of optimized Mn4+/Mn3+ oxidation states as well as the creation of optimum oxygen vacancies on MnO2 nanorods. Moreover, the stretching of MnO2 nanorods occurs with increasing temperature and thus increasing the surface area to volume ratio. Thus thermal treatment shows that MnO2 is highly sensitive toward temperature variation and optimum ORR results can be obtained at adequate temperatures.
Prediction of success of uterus‐preserving management in women with placenta accreta spectrum (CON‐PAS score): A multicenter international study
Authors: Shazly Sherif A. , Hortu Ismet , Shih Jin‐Chung , Melekoglu Rauf , Fan Shangrong , Ahmed Farhat ul Ain , Karaman Erbil , Fatkullin Ildar , Pinto Pedro V. , Irianti Setyorini , Tochie Joel Noutakdie , Abdelbadie Amr S. , Salah Mohamed A. , Elazeem Hossam Aldein S. Abd , Saad Mahmoud M. , Ergenoglu Ahmet M. , Yeniel Ahmet O. , Sagol Sermet , Itil Ismail M. , Kang Jessica , Huang Kuan‐Ying , Yilmaz Ercan , Liang Yiheng , Aziz Hijab , Akhter Tayyiba , Ambreen Afshan , Ateş Çağrı , Karaman Yasemin , Khasanov Albir , Fatkullina Larisa , Akhmadeev Nariman , Vatanina Adelina , Machado Ana Paula , Montenegro Nuno , Effendi Jusuf S. , Suardi Dodi , Pramatirta Ahmad Y. , Aziz Muhamad A. , Siddiq Amilia , Ofakem Ingrid , Dohbit Julius Sama , Fahmy Mohamed S. , Anan Mohamed A.
Published: December 2020

Objective

To create a model for prediction of success of uterine‐preserving procedures in women with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS).

Methods

PAS‐ID is a multicenter study that included 11 centers from 9 countries. Women with PAS, who were managed between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2019, were retrospectively included. Data were split into model development and validation cohorts, and a prediction model was created using logistic regression. Main outcome was success of uterine preservation.

Results

Out of 797 women with PAS, 587 were eligible. Uterus‐preserving procedures were successful in 469 patients (79.9%). Number of previous cesarean sections (CS) was inversely associated with management success (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.001–3.63 with five previous CS). Other variables were complete placental invasion (aOR 0.14, 95% CI 0.05–0.43), type of CS incision (aOR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01–0.25 for classical incision), compression sutures (aOR 2.48, 95% CI 1.00–6.16), accreta type (aOR 3.76, 95% CI 1.13–12.53), incising away from placenta (aOR 5.09, 95% CI 1.52–16.97), and uterine resection (aOR 102.57, 95% CI 3.97–2652.74).

Conclusion

The present study provides a prediction model for success of uterine preservation, which may assist preoperative and intraoperative decisions, and promote incorporation of uterine preservation procedures in comprehensive PAS protocols.
Potential of Laponite® incorporated oxidized alginate–gelatin (ADA‐GEL) composite hydrogels for extrusion‐based 3D printing
Authors: Cai Fei‐Fan , Heid Susanne , Boccaccini Aldo R.
Published: December 2020

The concept of adding inorganic fillers into hydrogels to form hydrogel nanocomposites often provides advantageous properties which can be exploited for successful 3D biofabrication. In this study, a new composite hydrogel combining oxidized alginate–gelatin (ADA‐GEL) hydrogel and Laponite® nanoclay as inorganic nanofiller was successfully developed and characterized. The results showed that the addition of 0.5% (wt/vol) Laponite® nanoplatelets improved the printability of ADA‐GEL hydrogels enabling the fabrication of detailed structures since a low effect of material spreading and reduced tendency to pore closure appeared. Furthermore, a comparison of different needle types (cylindrical and conical; same inner diameter of 250 μm) in filament fusion test showed that the pattern dispensed by cylindrical tip has enhanced printing accuracy and pattern fidelity when compared with the pattern from conical tip. A glass flip test determined a processing window of 1–2 h after composite ink preparation. Overall, Laponite® /ADA‐GEL hydrogel composites are confirmed as promising inks for 3D bioprinting.
Argentophillic interactions in argentum chalcogenides: First principles calculations and topological analysis of electron density
Authors: Evarestov Robert A. , Panin Andrej I. , Tverjanovich Yuri S.
Published: December 2020

The plasticity of Ag2S and Ag2Se crystals important for applications is associated mainly with AgAg metallophilic bonds, which are related to van der Waals interactions and therefore are not directed. This is demonstrated by the first principles DFT M06 LCAO calculations of Ag2X (X = S, Se) crystals (periodic model) and hypothetical molecules XnAg2n (X = S, Se; n = 1, 2, 4) in gas phase (molecular model). A topological analysis of the calculated electron density, was performed both for periodic and molecular models of Ag2X (X = S, Se). It was found that Ag–Ag interatomic distances are close in periodic and molecular models. The numerical values of electron density, its Laplacian, kinetic, and potential energy densities are also close in both models and confirm the existence of AgAg metallophilic bonds.
Sonographic assessment of inflammatory bowel disease in the emergency department: A case series and review of the literature
Authors: Esterson Akiva , Alpert Evan Avraham , Gabrieli Selma , Granat Nadav
Published: December 2020

The use of sonography for diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been reported in the radiology literature but is not common practice in the hands of emergency physicians (EPs). We present a series of three cases where IBD was managed by an EP using point‐of‐care ultrasonography (POCUS), and discuss the sonographic features of IBD including bowel wall thickening, increased blood flow on color Doppler, infiltration of surrounding fatty tissue, and presence of intraperitoneal fluid. Complications such as bowel strictures and peri‐colic abscess are also described. We suggest that the use of POCUS for the assessment of IBD patients in the ED may expedite both diagnosis and treatment, as well as minimize the use of additional imaging.
Micro‐CT evaluation of filling of flattened root canals using a new premixed ready‐to‐use calcium silicate sealer by single‐cone technique
Authors: Tavares Karina I. M. C. , Pinto Jáder C. , Santos‐Junior Airton O. , Torres Fernanda F. E. , Guerreiro‐Tanomaru Juliane M. , Tanomaru‐Filho Mário
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the filling ability of a new premixed ready‐to‐use calcium silicate‐based sealer, in comparison with an epoxy resin‐based sealer by the single‐cone technique in flattened root canals. Thirty‐two flattened root canals of maxillary second premolars with buccal‐lingual diameter 4 or more times larger than the mesio‐distal diameter at 9 mm from the radiographic apex were selected. Root canals were prepared using Hyflex EDM 25/0.08 and additional preparation with ultrasonic tip Flatsonic and ProDesign Logic 25/0.03. After preparation, the root canals were filled with two root canal sealers (n = 16): Bio‐C Sealer or AH Plus using the single‐cone technique. Scanning was performed before and after root canal obturation using a Skycan 1176 micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) with an isotropic voxel size of 8.74 μm. The percentage of voids was analyzed in the cervical/middle thirds and in the apical third. Data were submitted to the Mann–Whitney test at a significance level of 5%. There was no statistical difference between Bio‐C Sealer and AH Plus (p > .05). The percentage of voids in the cervical/middle thirds was 8.94% (1.33–39.95) for Bio‐C Sealer and 9.30% (1.19–18.00) for AH Plus (p > .05). In the apical third, this percentage was 11.84% (4.85–27.00) for Bio‐C Sealer and 9.21% (1.34–28.78) for AH Plus (p > .05). By using the single‐cone technique, neither Bio‐C Sealer nor AH Plus provided a voids‐free root canal filling. Both sealers had similar filling ability in flattened root canals.
Current status and management of pancreatic trauma with main pancreatic duct injury: A multicenter nationwide survey in Japan
Authors: Ando Yasuhisa , Okano Keiichi , Yasumatsu Hiroshi , Okada Toshimasa , Mizunuma Kimiyoshi , Takada Minoru , Kobayashi Shinjiro , Suzuki Keisuke , Kitamura Nobuya , Oshima Minoru , Suto Hironobu , Nobuyuki Miyatake , Suzuki Yasuyuki
Published: December 2020

Background

Pancreatic trauma is reportedly associated with high morbidity and mortality. Main pancreatic duct (MPD) injury is critical for treatment.

Methods

As a study project of the Japanese Society for Abdominal Emergency Medicine (JSAEM), we collected the data of 163 patients with pancreatic trauma who were diagnosed and treated at JSAEM board‐certified hospitals from 2006 to 2016. Clinical backgrounds, diagnostic approaches, management strategies, and outcomes were evaluated.

Results

Sixty‐four patients (39%) were diagnosed as having pancreatic trauma with MPD injury that resulted in 3% mortality. Blunt trauma and isolated pancreatic injury were independent factors predicting MPD injury. Nine of 11 patients with MPD injury who were initially treated nonoperatively had serious clinical sequelae and five (45%) required surgery as a secondary treatment. Among all cases, the detectability of MPD injury of endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) was superior to that of other imaging modalities (CT or MRI), with higher sensitivity and specificity (sensitivity = 0.96; specificity = 1.0).

Conclusions

Acceptable outcomes were observed in pancreatic trauma patients with MPD injury. Nonoperative management should be carefully selected for MPD injury. ERP is recommended to be performed in patients with suspected MPD injury and stable hemodynamics.
Outcomes of deep sedation for catheter ablation of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, with adaptive servo ventilation
Authors: Hayashi Tatsuya , Mizukami Akira , Kuroda Shunsuke , Tateishi Ryo , Kanehama Nozomu , Tachibana Shinichi , Hayasaka Kazuto , Hiroki Jiro , Arai Hirofumi , Yoshioka Kenji , Iwatsuka Ryota , Ueshima Daisuke , Matsumura Akihiko , Goya Masahiko , Sasano Tetsuo
Published: December 2020

Background

Catheter ablation for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is an established treatment, but the effect of deep sedation on PSVT inducibility remains unclear.

Aim

We sought to examine PSVT inducibility and outcomes of catheter ablation under deep sedation using adaptive servo ventilation (ASV).

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients who underwent catheter ablation for PSVT under deep sedation (Propofol + Dexmedetomidine) with use of ASV. Anesthetic depth was controlled with BIS™ monitoring, and phenylephrine was administered to prevent anesthesia‐induced hypotension. PSVT induction was attempted in all patients using extrastimuli at baseline, and after isoproterenol (ISP) infusion when necessary.

Results

PSVT was successfully induced in 145 of 147 patients, although ISP infusion was required in the majority (89%). The PSVT was atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) in 77 (53%), atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT) in 51 (35%), and atrial tachycardia (AT) in 17 (12%). A higher ISP dose was required for AT compared to other PSVT (AVNRT: 0.06 (IQR 0.03‐0.06) vs AVRT: 0.03 (0.02‐0.06) vs AT: 0.06 (0.03‐0.12) mg/h, P = .013). More than half (51%) of the patients developed hypotension requiring phenylephrine; these patients were older. Acute success was obtained in 99% (patients with AVNRT had endpoints with single echo on ISP in 46%). Long‐term success rate was 136 of 144 (94%) (AVNRT 96%, AVRT 92%, and AT 93%). There were no complications related to deep sedation.

Conclusions

Deep sedation with use of ASV is a feasible anesthesia strategy for catheter ablation of PSVT with good long‐term outcome. PSVT remains inducible if ISP is used.
Climatology, variability, and trends in near‐surface wind speeds over the North Atlantic and Europe during 1979–2018 based on ERA5
Authors: Laurila Terhi K. , Sinclair Victoria A. , Gregow Hilppa
Published: December 2020

This study presents the monthly 10‐m wind speed climatology, decadal variability and possible trends in the North Atlantic and Europe from ERA5 reanalysis from 1979 to 2018 and investigates the physical reasons for the decadal variability. Additionally, temporal time series are examined in three locations: the central North Atlantic, Finland and Iberian Peninsula. The 40‐year mean and the 98th percentile wind speeds emphasize a distinct land‐sea contrast and a seasonal variation with the strongest winds over the ocean and during winter. The strongest winds and the highest variability are associated with the storm tracks and local wind phenomena such as the mistral. The extremeness of the winds is examined with an extreme wind factor (the 98th percentile divided by mean wind speeds) which in all months is higher in southern Europe than in northern Europe. Mostly no linear trends in 10‐m wind speeds are identified in the three locations but large annual and decadal variability is evident. The decadal 10‐m wind speeds were stronger than average in the 1990s in northern Europe and in the 1980s and 2010s in southern Europe. These decadal changes were largely explained by the positioning of the jet stream and storm tracks and the strength of the north–south pressure gradient in the North Atlantic. The 10‐m winds have a positive correlation with the North Atlantic Oscillation in the central North Atlantic and Finland on annual scales and during cold season months and a negative correlation in Iberian Peninsula mostly from July to March. The Atlantic Multi‐decadal Oscillation has a moderate negative correlation with the winds in the central North Atlantic but no correlation in Finland and Iberian Peninsula. Overall, our results emphasize that while linear trends in wind speeds may show a general long‐term trend, more information on the changes is obtained by analysing long‐term variability.
Identifying the Double‐Edged Sword of Stardom: High‐Status and Creativity in the Context of Status Instability
Authors: Karakowsky Len , Kotlyar Igor , Good Jessica
Published: December 2020

According to much of the extant research, the conferral of high‐status serves as an invaluable muse for creativity. That is, the research has suggested that high‐status affords individuals the confidence, freedom, and leeway necessary to bolster creative performance. However, this assertion is premised on the view that status hierarchies are stable and thereby the conferral of high‐status is irrevocable. In reality, ample research evidence has asserted that status hierarchies are often unstable, and hence, high‐status is not immutable. Consequently, there is a need to revisit the capacity of high‐status to bolster creativity under conditions of status instability. Our theoretical paper draws upon the socio‐cultural perspective of creativity, in order to develop a conceptual framework that identifies how status instability can, in fact, impede creative behavior of high‐status individuals. The liability of high‐status can arise via its impact on risk tolerance, perceived autonomy, and intrinsic/extrinsic reward orientation. Our framework also acknowledges how the individual trait of creative self‐efficacy can mitigate the negative impact of status instability. The research propositions we present alongside our framework are intended to guide future research in exploring the role of status in the generation of radical, creative behavior.
Treatment of hindfoot and ankle infections with Ilizarov external fixator or spacer, followed by secondary arthrodesis
Authors: Hartmann Rebecca , Grubhofer Florian , Waibel Felix W. A. , Götschi Tobias , Viehöfer Arnd F. , Wirth Stephan H.
Published: December 2020

An established treatment strategy in surgical site infection after hindfoot and ankle surgery is a two‐stage procedure with debridement and placement of a cement spacer, followed by antibiotic treatment and secondary arthrodesis. However, there is little evidence to favor this treatment over a one‐stage procedure with debridement, followed by primary arthrodesis with an Ilizarov external fixator and antibiotic treatment. We compared the infection control and clinical and radiological outcome of a two‐stage and a one‐stage procedure. In this study, 7 patients with a two‐stage revision and 11 patients with a one‐stage revision between 2005 and 2015 were included. The primary outcome was infection control (absence of the Musculoskeletal Infection Society PJI criteria) 2 years after the ankle or hindfoot arthrodesis. Secondary outcome measures were the AOFAS hindfoot score and radiological consolidation rate. Infection control was 85% (6 out of 7 patients) in the two‐stage group and 81% (9 out of 11 patients) in the one‐stage group (p = 1.0). One patient (14%) of the two‐stage and two patients (18%) in the one‐stage group needed below‐knee amputation. In the two‐stage group, the mean postoperative AOFAS score was 74.8 (SD: ±11.3) versus 71.7 (SD: ±17.8) in the one‐stage group. Radiological consolidation could be achieved in 71% in the spacer group (n = 5) and in 72% in the Ilizarov external fixator group (n = 9). Infection control, AOFAS score, and radiologic consolidation of hindfoot and ankle arthrodesis were comparable in both groups of patients with complicated postsurgical hindfoot or ankle infections.
Chronicity is associated with the glenohumeral synovitis in patients with a rotator cuff tear
Authors: Kim Du‐Han , Bae Ki‐Cheor , Choi Jung‐Hoon , Na Sang‐Soo , Hwang Ilseon , Cho Chul‐Hyun
Published: December 2020

Synovitis of the glenohumeral joint (GHJ) and subacromial space (SAS) is one of the most common findings during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR). The purpose of this study is to determine clinical factors associated with the degree of synovitis in patients with a rotator cuff tear and whether macroscopic synovitis affects early clinical outcomes following arthroscopic RCR. Arthroscopic videos of 230 patients treated with arthroscopic RCR were randomly reviewed by two experienced shoulder surgeons. The synovitis scores of the GHJ using Davis's grading system and the SAS using Jo's grading system were rated with a consensus. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the associations between the synovitis scores and various parameters, including demographics, preoperative, and postoperative clinical outcomes. Univariate analyses revealed that age, side, body mass index, duration of symptoms, preoperative stiffness, diabetes, muscle atrophy, fatty infiltration, tear size, preoperative clinical scores, and preoperative range of motion were significantly associated with the GHJ synovitis score (all p < 0.05). Multivariate analyses revealed that the duration of symptoms, tear size, and diabetes was significantly associated with the GHJ synovitis score (p = 0.048, p = 0.025, p = 0.011, respectively). Longer duration of symptoms, larger tear size, and the presence of diabetes was independently associated with increased GHJ synovitis in patients with a rotator cuff tear. These results suggest that GHJ synovitis might be more involved in the pathogenesis for pain and tear progression of rotator cuff disease compared with SAS synovitis.
Natural progression of periodontal diseases in Chinese villagers based on the 2018 classification
Authors: Iao Siniong , Pei Xiyan , Ouyang Xiangying , Liu Jianru , Liu Wenyi , Cao Caifang
Published: December 2020

Background

Based on the 2018 classification, we aimed to determine the prevalence, distribution, and progression of periodontitis in the rural Chinese population without access to dental care.

Methods

In all, 404 subjects (28.7 ± 8.9 years, M:F = 182:222) were randomly enrolled in 1992 and re‐called in 1996. With the new classification, the prevalence and distribution of stage, grade, and extent were characterized. Stage progression was compared with the progression of clinical attachment loss (CAL) and radiographic bone loss (RBL).

Results

At baseline, 94.1% villagers suffered from periodontitis, of whom 53.7% were in Stage III/IV. The prevalence of Stage III/IV increased from 18.2% in the age group of 15 to 24 years to 60.9% in 25 to 34‐year‐old group and 88.7% in the 35 to 44‐year‐old group. Significantly more Stage III/IV, generalized, and Grade C periodontitis were found in male villagers than female villagers. In 1996, the prevalence rate of periodontitis increased to 98.5%, with 80.0% in Stage III/IV. Further, 84.2% villagers presented with Grade C periodontitis based on longitudinal ΔCAL. The rate of progression (≥1 site with ΔCAL ≥3 mm) was 63.7%. Stage progression correlated significantly with CAL and RBL progression in Stage I/II, but this association was not found in Stage III/IV. Among subjects with disease progression in Stage III/IV, 90.4% shifted from localized to generalized cases. Furthermore, ceiling effects were observed in Stage III/IV.

Conclusions

In villagers without access to dental care, 94.1% suffered from periodontitis, with more than half having Stage III/IV disease based on the 2018 classification. The majority cases presented with rapid periodontal progression. Although stage progression correlated significantly with CAL and RBL progression in Stage I/II, ceiling effects existed in Stage III/IV.
The impact of a change in classification criteria on the prevalence of peri‐implantitis: A cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Shimchuk Andy A. , Weinstein Bradley F. , Daubert Diane M.
Published: December 2020

Background

Peri‐implantitis is a frequent finding but estimates of its prevalence vary widely. This may be due to the wide variety of disease definitions. In 2017 the World Workshop on Periodontal and Peri‐implant Diseases and Conditions established new criteria for disease definitions. The aim of this study is to assess the potential impact of a new definition on the future reporting of peri‐implant disease.

Methods

Data from a 2015 report of peri‐implant prevalence were examined using the new diagnostic criteria. This cross‐sectional study was performed on 95 patients with 220 implants who had their implants placed between 1998 and 2003. An examiner masked to the previous diagnosis examined the radiographs and patient data to make a diagnosis based on 3 mm of bone loss from the expected level of bone. This reanalysis was used to calculate the prevalence of peri‐implant disease and generate new relative risk indicators.

Results

The mean follow‐up time for the patients was 10.9 years. Using the 2017 criteria, peri‐implant mucositis was found in 35.3% of the implants and 52.2% of the subjects, and peri‐implantitis occurred in 8.7% of the implants and 15.2% of the subjects. This constituted a drop in peri‐implantitis at both patient and implant level of nearly 50% from the prior analysis. Smoking at time of implant placement emerged as a new risk factor in this analysis that was not identified in the prior analysis.

Conclusions

The new diagnostic criteria significantly reduce the reported prevalence of peri‐implantitis and bring new risk factors into focus.
Simultaneous encapsulation of trans‐resveratrol and vitamin D3 in highly concentrated double emulsions
Authors: Díaz‐Ruiz Rocío , Valdeón Irene , Álvarez José Ramón , Matos María , Gutiérrez Gemma
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Encapsulation of biocompounds is essential to protect them from environmental factors that could enhance their oxidation or cause them to lose their beneficial properties due to extreme photosensitivity, among other factors. The main goal of this work was to study the feasibility of preparing concentrated double emulsions with a high loading capacity containing simultaneously trans‐resveratrol (RSV) and vitamin D3 (VitD3). Such emulsions could be used for food fortification or pharmaceutical formulations or as vehicles for targeted controlled release.

RESULTS

In order to achieve large concentrations of the encapsulated compounds, all the double emulsions were formulated using a W1/O in W2 ratio of 80/20, while the ratios tested for W1 in O where 20/80 and 30/70. All the emulsions were characterized by droplet size, morphology, colloidal stability and encapsulation efficiency (EE) over a period of 6 weeks. VitD3 and RSV concentration were determined by a technique based on reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. The viability of preparing concentrated W1/O/W2 emulsions containing both biocompounds has been demonstrated with satisfactory results. Initial RSV concentrations in the concentrated double emulsions formulated varied from 5.0 to 8.3 mg L−1, while for VitD3 values of 28–32 mg L−1 were obtained. The presence of VitD3 retarded RSV release in the formulated emulsions. It was observed that after 1 week of storage RSV EE increased around 10–50% when VitD3 was simultaneously encapsulated.

CONCLUSION

Simultaneous encapsulation of RSV and VitD3 was possible in high internal phase emulsions. The emulsions presented high colloidal stability, being suitable for food fortification applications. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry