bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Simulation of Very High Spatial Resolution UXOs and Landmines in a Hyperspectral Scene for UAV Survey
Authors: Bajić Milan , Bajić Milan
Published: February 2021

This paper presents methods for the modeling and simulation of explosive target placement in terrain spectral images (i.e., real hyperspectral 90-channel VNIR data), considering unexploded ordnances, landmines, and improvised explosive devices. The models used for landmine detection operate at sub-pixel levels. The presented research uses very fine spatial resolutions, 0.945 × 0.945 mm for targets and 1.868 × 1.868 cm for the scene, where the number of target pixels ranges from 52 to 116. While previous research has used the mean spectral value of the target, it is omitted in this paper. The model considers the probability of detection and its confidence intervals, which are derived and used in the analysis of the considered explosive targets. The detection results are better when decreased target endmembers are used to match the scene resolution, rather than using endmembers at the full resolution of the target. Unmanned aerial vehicles, as carriers of snapshot hyperspectral cameras, enable flexible target resolution selection and good area coverage.
Can Nighttime Satellite Imagery Inform Our Understanding of Education Inequality?
Authors: Qi Bingxin , Wang Xuantong , Sutton Paul
Published: February 2021

Education is a human right, and equal access to education is important for achieving sustainable development. Measuring socioeconomic development, especially the changes to education inequality, can help educators, practitioners, and policymakers with decision- and policy-making. This article presents an approach that combines population distribution, human settlements, and nighttime light (NTL) data to assess and explore development and education inequality trajectories at national levels across multiple time periods using latent growth models (LGMs). Results show that countries and regions with initially low human development levels tend to have higher levels of associated education inequality and uneven distribution of urban population. Additionally, the initial status of human development can be used to explain the linear growth rate of education inequality, but the association between trajectories becomes less significant as time increases.
O Traço como ato político
Authors: Bana Arouca Fernanda
Published: February 2021

O surgimento das revistas ilustradas no começo do século XX no Brasil proporcionou uma mudança na transmissão da informação e na formação da opinião pública, bem como teve um importante papel na cobertura da Primeira Guerra Mundial (1914-1918), um evento considerado sem precedentes por sua violência extrema. Os intelectuais à frente desses periódicos foram os mediadores culturais do conflito para os brasileiros, que imaginavam a guerra a partir de seus comentários, dos informes, charges e fotografias. Este artigo se propõe a analisar os trabalhos dos caricaturistas Calixto e Storni, integrantes da revista O Malho, que tiveram como tema a Grande Guerra, e a identificar o discurso sobre o conflito veiculado em um contexto no qual a propaganda e a censura da imprensa foram determinantes para o desdobramento do conflito.
Arte, memória visual e política cultural
Authors: Cardoso Fernando
Published: February 2021

Este artigo pretende articular a memória visual e a política cultural imbricadas no painel figurativo “Capela dos fundadores” do artista curitibano Sérgio Ferro, com o que Fraçois Hartog denomina de os sintomas presentistas: memória e patrimônio. Instalada em caráter permanente no Memorial de Curitiba, situado no centro histórico da capital paranaense, a obra de Ferro apresenta uma complexa narrativa visual que, como se verá, consiste em um bom exemplo da política cultural personalista de Rafael Greca, então prefeito da cidade (1993-1996) e responsável pela encomenda da obra. Esta investigação foi realizada no âmbito da pesquisa histórico-documental, com apoio de pesquisa bibliográfica e análise de imagem.
A (re)volução na ponta dos pés
Authors: Demarchi Klein Indaiá
Published: February 2021

Para entender a arte durante a União Soviética, é preciso compreender a dimensão que esta possuía, usada como ferramenta ideológica tinha como finalidade a educação proletária. Adequando-se ao realismo soviético que impunha uma série de limitações e adições. O artigo vai buscar compreender a presença da obra O Lago dos Cisnes (1877), de Piotr Ilitch Tchaikovski originaria do período czarista, durante o regime soviético até o seu uso em turnês internacionais, como propaganda ideológica.
Health Humanities: Dealing with Depression and the Power of Books to help sustain the Journey- Reviews & Inferences
Authors: Anandhi M
Published: February 2021

Clinically, Depression can be defined as, “A mental health disorder characterised by persistently depressed mood or loss of interest in activities, causing significant impairment in daily life.” The causes may vary from biological, psychological, environmental to lifestyle reasons. The complex interactions between all the above mentioned factors can lead to depression. Life style alterations like loss of a loved one,personal habits etc., can also trigger depression. Psychological and pharmacological remedies exist for different stratas of depression, However, In countries like India there is very less awareness in the view of it. People in the villages still lack the awarenss and blame it on witchcraft or the inhabiting of bad spirits. Inlow- and middle-income families treatment and support services for depression are often inattentive or below advanced. An projected range of 76–85% of people suffer from mental disorders in countries that lack access to the treatment they need. On a clinical angle, there are plenty of perspectives to deal with it depending on the harshness of the finding. It first needs to be understood as a disease that could be cured leading to the aplenty treatment methodologies, though the role of books that deal with depression, and a healthy way out is less comparatively. This research article deals with this particular branch of health humanities and analyses some of the books that could be powerful curatives in dealing with depression. It tries to identify the importance of reading these books and tries to bring an alternative method of dealing with depression on the whole.
Enhancing the Creativity of Language Learners Through Humanities Gaming
Authors: Parameshwaran S R
Published: February 2021

The term globalization has made English as a worldwide language that go about as an extension to associate the world. The principle target of this paper is to improve the creative abilities of students through advanced computer games. Games call for new proficiencies that surpass customary perusing and composing abilities through their mechanics, method and mixed media connections. Computerized games request better approaches for seeing and working. Computer games can make more imaginativeness and establish virtual digitalized climate among the students. Incidentally the students can get numerous new vocabularies from computerized computer games. It encourages the students to convey and procure the required potential. Digitalized climate encourage the students to improve the relational abilities in easygoing settings. This climate can give a distinctive differentiation to the customary homeroom. In language securing measure, student gains language in a subliminal route during which they are uninformed of syntactic standards. Along these lines computer games will establish a digitalized climate, where the students can secure the language unwittingly and start to convey in English.
Flexible Process Planning Design and Resource Optimization
Authors: Thamaraiselvan V , Ramakrishnan N
Published: February 2021

Manufacturing processes undergo various transformations based on technological advancements and industry expectations. At initial times, during the period of first Industrial revolution, products were getting manufactured using human capabilities and skills. Then, electrically-driven motors, machines and conveyors were used. Now in the fourth Industrial revolution, Industries are equipped with automation, robots and cyber-physical systems. But adopting such technologies requires a high capital investment which cannot be accommodated by some start-ups. In this research paper, a case of a start-up which manufactures straws and vessel scrubbers in an eco-friendly manner as an initiative towards sustainability has been discussed. The key product of the company is biodegradable straws which are manufactured from coconut leaves through a set of processes. The scope of the research is to develop a labour-intensive process planning model. Managing contemporary issues is a big task for the company because of the dynamic nature of the environment. In this case, the demand for straws changes based on customer preference and accordingly, the manufacturing processes need to be revised. Hence, developing a rigid planning model is not an effective solution, so that, flexible manufacturing process needs to be developed. There is always a scope of improvement towards betterment and optimization in a manufacturing process. It is not necessary that the improvements should lead to drastic results. Japanese manufactures who bring the Toyota Production System (TPS) believe that small improvements in a continual basis will fetch better results in terms of quality, efficiency and lead time reduction. Once the model is developed, areas of improvement to optimize the resources are found out and iterations of process planning model were carried over to improve the efficiency. Through the study, it is found that the development of a flexible process plan is required to compete with the changing business scenarios.
Problems and Challenges faced by Panchayati Raj Institutions in the Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir
Authors: Iqbal Aamir
Published: February 2021

The creation of the institution of Panchayati Raj was a landmark in Indian history for democracy to percolate deep down to the grass-root level. It is seen as a mechanism through which the unheard’s voice could find a place in the planning and implementation process. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, passed by the union government of India becomes the Panchayati Raj law, on April 24, 1993. This amendment act gave the constitutional status to the Panchayats. The power of the local bodies to govern and manage local issues is the highest level of democracy observed in India. Its outcome is the people’s involvement in running their affairs, which results in direct and participatory democracy at a local level, whereas at the national level, it is a parliamentary democracy. The concept of Panchayati Raj in Jammu and Kashmir is the original one; it was the Maharaja Hari Singh, the ruler of the erstwhile state, who introduced the concept of Panchayati Raj in the state in 1935 when he enacted the first Village Panchayati Regulation Act No 1. To see the development concerning the Panchayati Raj in other states of the nation, the government later came with new and comprehensive legislation, which is called the Jammu and Kashmir Panchayati Raj Act 19891. Even though Panchayati raj institutions provide opportunities to the local people to participate in the political and development process at the grass-root level, but these institutions still do not work suitably in the Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir.The present paper deals with the problems and challenges faced by the representatives of these institutions and emphasize the effect of militancy in the proper functioning of these institutions in the union territory of J&K.
Impact of Work-Life Balance Factors on Job Satisfaction and Job Stress Level of women Employees Working in Garment Sector in Bengaluru City
Authors: Vishnoi Pooja , Soundarajan R
Published: February 2021

Work-life Balance (WLB) is an important area of Human Resources Management and has become a top priority for workers everywhere in every sector of life. The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between work-life balance factors and their impact on job satisfaction and Job stress level of the Garment Sector Employees and finally to provide recommendations that could help the company and their employees to achieve a better work-life balance and job satisfaction. This study was done with the help of100 employees as a sample working in the garment sector in Bangalore. The questionnaire was distributed randomly to a sample of 100 employees. The data were analyzed using factor analysis,correlation, and ANOVA. The results revealed that most of the employees seem not satisfied with their job and as a result, they do not have a proper work-life balance. Most of the employees are on tasks that are in high demand and that had to be finished with very strict deadlines. They are extremely stressed in such a work environment and as a result efficiency and effectiveness of workers drop-down at work and have a poor work-life balance.
A Study on Existing Contract Farming models in India and framework for Hybrid model
Authors: Narayana B , Meenakumari J
Published: February 2021

The price fluctuations due to the time lag between the start of the sowing and the harvest of the agricultural produce results in huge distress to farmers. Storing perishable products is not a feasible option to be considered due to the non-availability of proper warehousing facility. Therefore,Contract farming is looked as a means of handling risk on Price fluctuations which enables the farmers and buyers to decide the quantity, quality and price of the agricultural produce even before sowing stage. This paper is an attempt to highlight the various Models of Contract Farming existing in India along with their prospects and challenges to farmers. Basis the analysis of these models it is very evident that Bargaining power of the corporates are much better when compared to farmers which would put the farmers to test at each stage of execution of the contract farming, which resulted in the need for a new Hybrid model which requires direct intervention from the statutory bodies. This Hybrid model would enable the farmers to have a balanced execution of the contract for both the farmers and corporates.
An Integrated Approach to understand Supply Chain Optimization through the Lens of Technology
Authors: Aithal Adithya , Singh Manish Kumar , Ray Papri , Duraipandian R
Published: February 2021

Supply chain management and optimisation is a crucial aspect of modern organisations and a successful research area. As an important problem for efficient capacity utilization and difficult infrastructure choices, the presence of uncertainty within supply chains is addressed.Organizations are continually refining processes by implementing business process improvement solutions to deliver better business outcomes, even in times of disruption. A lack of transaction and inventory visibility may be one of the important problems at the moment. With the assistance of intelligent workflows, technology can help develop supply chain processes to eliminate operational silos, respond to market disruptions, minimize risk and sustain business continuity. The paper discusses on how use of embedded AI capabilities in supply chain will provide real-time intelligence and actionable recommendations. Data-driven insights help increase efficiencies and reduce costs. Technologies such as Blockchain, IoT, Analytics, Software Process Improvement and many more can impact the supply chain immensely. The paper mentions about various technology including blockchain and how it improves the supply chain by improving traceability, auditability, accountability, actionability and visibility. The right technology helps the business to make the supply chain more accessible, gain more leverage over the inventory, reduce operational costs, and eventually outpace competition.
A Study on Technologies used in HR Recruitment
Authors: Shivaraj G , Kannadas P
Published: February 2021

The fast headways in enlistment innovation are changing the manner in which individuals recruit and request the enrolment specialists to tackle their abilities to have the option to make the majority of these tech arrangements.Digitization has taken over different capacities in an association. One of the numerous capacities it has affected is ability procurement. While innovation is computerizing the different cycles like sourcing, screening, and evaluating, it actually requires a human touch.
Investigation Of Momordica Charantia Effects On The Rat Foot Inflammation And Behavior; experimental Model.
Authors: TURKMEN Aybike , TAGHİZADEHGHALEHJOUGHİ Ali , MOHAMMADZADEH Maryam , GENÇ Sıdıka , HACİMUFTUOGLU Ahmet
Published: February 2021

Background: Pain is one of the common experiences which is unpleasant feeling that originates from any part of the body, is associated with real or possible tissue damage and linked to human past experiences. Momordica Charantia (MC) or bitter melon mainly is used all around the world for the treatment of diabetes, cancer and inflammation- associated conditions due to the existence of many bioactive ingredients which have vigorous biologic effect. The aim of our study is to investigate how low and high doses of MC plant affect foot inflammation and animal's behavior.

Materials and Methods: Sixteen male rats randomly divided into 4 experimental groups. Formaldehyde was (hind-paw formalin injection) administered for inducing pain model. After 24 hours MC (50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) was administered every day for five days. During the experiment, the pain thresholds, motor cortex measurements and inflamed foot volume, Locomotor Activity Test and Water Overflow Method in sequence.

Results: According to our result, when we consider the foot volume, pain threshold and motor cortex data of our control group, there is no significant difference between the beginning and the last day, while On the 7th day, the pain threshold continues to decrease as the foot volume of our animals in our positive control group does not decrease. 200 mg concentration of MC has provided a great treatment by reducing the increasing foot volume at the same time pain threshold and motor activity was in highest level at 4th day.

Conclusion: Our experiment shows that MC (200 mg/ml MC ) has high analgesic activity provides significant pain reduction and improvement in symptoms
El Future Classroom Lab de Bruselas:
Authors: Nedel Miranda Zamberlan , Buzzar Miguel Antonio
Published: February 2021

La influencia neoliberal en educación y en los espacios físicos escolares correspondientes necesita un mayor escrutinio en el campo arquitectónico. Utilizando el método de estudio de caso, se lleva a cabo un análisis del Future Classroom Lab en Bruselas, un espacio de aprendizaje considerado modelo de las demandas educativas del siglo XXI, que ya ha influido en la construcción de alrededor de 200 laboratorios similares en todo el mundo. El artículo tiene como objetivo discutir la difusión internacional de un espacio educativo basado en un modelo de enseñanza de influencia neoliberal, organizado en zonas de aprendizaje, de acuerdo con las habilidades requeridas por el mercado laboral contemporáneo. Además, este espacio educativo se debate en función del creciente papel de las organizaciones supranacionales, que cambian la arena de intereses relacionados con la educación pública y sus espacios físicos, previamente responsabilidad del Estado. Los resultados parciales demuestran que tal experiencia valida espacialmente las transformaciones de las relaciones de enseñanza y aprendizaje, sin la debida crítica del campo arquitectónico. Al ser difundido y replicado como un modelo de aula innovador para los tiempos contemporáneos, se neutraliza una cuestión fundamental: la discusión de las transformaciones pedagógicas detrás de tal proyecto de arquitectura escolar.
Arquitectura escolar en el siglo XX: aproximaciones desde cuatro publicaciones latinoamericanas recientes
Authors: Serra María Florencia , Fernández Méndez Florencia
Published: February 2021

En el presente artículo intentamos indagar sobre la construcción de la arquitectura escolar como tema de investigación en la última década en Latinoamérica, desde el cruce de dos miradas provenientes de los campos de la arquitectura y de la pedagogía. Para tal fin, describimos y analizamos cuatro publicaciones recientes que, desde enfoques disímiles, coinciden en dar cuenta de la arquitectura escolar construida en el siglo XX en Argentina, Uruguay, Chile y México. En este sentido, estudiamos algunos modos, enfoques, cuestiones discursivas y diálogos que entablan con otras disciplinas, como la historia y la pedagogía. Las publicaciones, presentadas entre 2008 y 2015, significan aportes relevantes en el estudio de la arquitectura escolar en cada país, en cuanto lo hacen desde una mirada panorámica y permiten habilitar futuros abordajes y cruces disciplinares.
PROPOZYCJA WALORYZACJI TERENÓW ZIELENI PRZY PLACÓWKACH EDUKACYJNYCH
Authors: Połucha Iwona , Dzioba Klaudia
Published: February 2021

W artykule przedstawiono przykładową klasyfikację terenów przedszkolnych i przyszkolnych, z uwzględnieniem potrzeb dzieci i młodzieży w zakresie nauki, zabawy i wypoczynku w przestrzeni ogrodowej. W celu oceny i porównania terenów zieleni przy wybranych placówkach edukacyjnych opracowano metodę waloryzacji, w której wybrano kryteria odnoszące się do istniejącej roślinności oraz obecnego zagospodarowania. Poszczególnym placówkom przyznano punkty, których zsumowanie pozwoliło na zakwalifikowanie ich do jednej z 5 klas, co wiązało się z uzyskaniem ocen: bardzo złej, złej, średniej, dobrej lub bardzo dobrej. W rezultacie możliwe było porównanie ocenionych terenów przedszkolnych i szkolnych oraz wskazanie elementów przestrzeni ogrodowej wymagających rearanżacji.
WOODEN ARCHITECTURE IN SMALL TOWN PLANNING IN LUBLIN REGION – STATE OF PRESERVATION
Authors: Przesmycka Elżbieta , Pol Ewa
Published: February 2021

The changes taking place in recent years are particularly evident in small towns. This is due to the scale of development. Any change in the proportion interfere the composition. The traditional wooden architecture in eastern regions of Poland disappears completely. In their place there are created houses that can be found in many other regions. This way, the identity of the small towns this part of the Poland is lost. In accordance with European Union directives concerning the revitalization we should care about the quality and aesthetics of public spaces. Regeneration processes should be in accordance with art conservation, including the purposes of preservation of historic landscapes. Unfortunately, in many cases, renewal processes carried out in small towns have completely lost their architecture as well as distinctive characteristic of public spaces and native greenery. Currently, the historic wooden architecture is a relic of the in situ and, paradoxically, we have come to the stage of exploring the open-air museum in which it is possible to see typical architecture and structure of Polish towns (e.g. in Lublin).
PLANOWANIE KRAJOBRAZU FILADELFII W LATACH 1682–2003
Authors: Nowakowski Radomir
Published: February 2021

Proces rodzenia się i dojrzewania nowoczesnego modelu planowania miast osiągnął szczególną intensywność i wyrazistość zjawisk w miastach amerykańskich. Miastem, gdzie proces ten jest szczególnie wyraźny, jest Filadelfia. Artykuł przybliża i analizuje poszczególne etapy planowania krajobrazu Filadelfii, od momentu jej założenia do czasów współczesnych. Na przestrzeni 330 lat obserwujemy zmienne koleje losów struktury przestrzennej miasta. Jednak przez cały ten okres przebijają się idee i próby odwrócenia chaotycznych i niekorzystnych sił wzrostu i ukierunkowania ich na działania systemowe, oparte na równoważeniu czynników rozwoju. Realizacja tej koncepcji rozwoju wprowadza Filadelfię na drogę procesów sterowalnych. Artykuł wskazuje, że zmiana taka możliwa była dzięki jednoczesnemu spełnieniu wielu warunków. Spośród nich najważniejsze to: zachowanie ciągłości procesu planistycznego, śmiała wizja kierunku przekształceń i konsekwencja w jej realizowaniu oraz uspołecznienie całego procesu. Dziś proces planowania krajobrazu Filadelfii jest zjawiskiem dojrzałym na tyle, by móc przeciwstawiać się współczesnym, niekorzystnym dla rozwoju miasta zjawiskom i przynosić realne korzyści jej mieszkańcom.
Finite difference method for electric field optimization in high voltage power transformer bushings using engineering simulation and 3D design program
Authors: PAMUK Nihat
Published: February 2021

The electric field optimization minimizing the field strength on an electrode surface and providing its uniformity is important in designing high voltage power transformer bushings and other apparatus from the viewpoint of efficient utilization of the electric field space. The high voltage power transformer bushing with cylinder electrode system has been designed and tested in this investigation. It was found that the insulation method of the cylinder electrode was the most important factor to lower streamer initiation voltage. The optimized design uses both internal and external elements for electric stress grading at critical parts of the bushing. Applying optimization theory based on charge simulation method, the author developed a computation program for electric field automatic optimization in 3D dielectric axisymmetric field. The results of the computation realized some excellent electrode profiles with uniform electric field distribution. Moreover, the discrepancy from the electric field uniformity on 3D dimensional profile caused by applying it to an axisymmetric electrode was discussed. Then a new electrode with uniform field distribution was obtained by using the computation program for optimization.
Klaszterezés szimulált lehűtéssel és genetikus algoritmussal
Authors: Agárdi Anita
Published: February 2021

A cikk a klaszterezés témakörével foglalkozik. A klaszterezés olyan adatbányászati algoritmus, amely a bemeneti adatokat csoportosítja egymáshoz kapcsolódó hasonlóságuk alapján. A kutatásban a klaszterezést viszont nem a szokványos klasszikus módszerrel oldottam meg, hanem metaheurisztikákkal. A metaheurisztikák közül a szimulált lehűtés és a genetikus algoritmus lett kiválasztva. A cikkben három adatsorra mutatok futási eredményeket, melyek alapján megállapítható, hogy az algoritmusok egész szépen megtalálják a klaszterhatárokat.
Gördülőcsapágyak életciklusának vizsgálata
Authors: Tóth Dániel
Published: February 2021

A csapágyak széles körben alkalmazott gépelemek. A működési tulajdonságaik hatással vannak a teljes gép működésére, ezért a vizsgálatuk kiemelt fontosságú témakör. Jelen cikk egy gördülőcsapágy teljes életciklusának rezgésdiagnosztikai vizsgálatával foglalkozik.
Tudásbázis redukció a szakértői szabályrendszerrel bővített FRIQ-learning módszerben
Authors: Tompa Tamás , Kovács Szilveszter
Published: February 2021

A megerősítéses tanulási módszerek tudásábrázolási formája eltérő, a klasszikus Q-learning algoritmus Q-táblát, a fuzzy szabályalapú megerősítéses tanuló rendszerek pedig fuzzy szabálybázist alkalmaznak a rendszer működtető tudásbázisának leírására. A végső tudásbázis mérete, azaz a Q-tábla elemeinek száma, a fuzzy szabályrendszer szabályainak száma függ az adott probléma méretétől, dimenzióinak számától, így előfordulhat olyan eset mikor ezek mérete igen nagy is lehet. A fuzzy szabály interpoláció alapú megerősítéses tanulási rendszerekben a rendszer végleges működtető tudásbázis méretének csökkentésére szabálybázis redukálási (csökkentési) módszerek alkalmazhatók. A FRIQ-learning rendszerben a tudásbázist leíró szabálybázis méretének csökkentésére, azaz az elhagyható szabályok keresésére a tanulási fázis után van lehetőség opcionálisan. A szakértői tudásbázissal bővített FRIQ-learning rendszerben a tudásbázis építési módszer működéséből adódóan elfordulhatnak olyan esetek mikor több szabály közel kerülhet egymáshoz. Célszerű lehet ezen szabályokat valamilyen stratégia alapján összevonni, csökkentve ezáltal a szabálybázis méretét. Jelen cikk célja a szakértői tudásbázissal bővített FRIQ-learning rendszerben egy olyan tudásbázis redukálási módszer bemutatása, amely már a tanulási fázis közben megvalósítja a rendszer tudásbázisának redukálását, olyan módon, hogy egyesíti a hasonló tudást leíró fuzzy szabályokat.
A Negative Correlation Between Hyperalgesia
and Analgesia in Patients with Chronic
Radicular Pain: Is Hydromorphone Therapy a
Double-Edged Sword?
Authors: Suzan Erica
Published: February 2021

Background: Opioids are the cornerstone therapy for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.
Yet, unconfirmed evidence suggests that chronic exposure to opioids may cause hypersensitivity
to pain, a phenomenon known as opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH).
Objectives: The current preliminary prospective study was aimed to explore the relationship
between experimental OIH and clinical opioid induced analgesia (OIA) in a model of experimental
OIH in patients with chronic radicular pain using intermediate-term opioid therapy.
Study Design: Prospective evaluation
Setting: Interdisciplinary Pain Clinic at a referral Health Care Campus
Methods: Thirty patients with chronic neuropathic (radicular) pain were assessed prior to and
following 4 weeks of an individually titrated dose of oral hydromorphone treatment (4-20 mg/d).
The assessments included an evaluation of experimental OIH by testing for heat pain intensity and
cold pain tolerance and an assessment of OIA by completing pain and disability questionnaires.
Results: Hydromorphone was found to induce hyperalgesia, as measured by an elevation of phasic
heat pain intensity (P < 0.05). At the same time, hydromorphone caused significant clinical analgesic
effects. There was a notable reduction in average daily pain scores (primary analgesic outcome) of
26 Visual Analog Scale (0-100) points. A significant negative correlation was found between OIH
and all OIA measures (r = -0.389, P < 0.05 for the primary analgesic outcome). Hydromorphone
dosage was positively correlated with OIH (P < 0.01, r = 0.467) and negatively correlated with OIA
parameters (r = -0.592, P < 0.01 for the primary analgesia outcome).
Limitations: The nonrandomized, open-label, prospective evaluation.
Conclusion: A 4-week regimen of open-label hydromorphone therapy results in a dosedependent OIH, which negatively correlates with its analgesic effect. Future randomized,
controlled, and blinded studies are needed to verify these preliminary results.
Key words: Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), analgesia, hydromorphone, neuropathic pain,
disc herniation, radiculopathy
A Prospective Evaluation of Psychotherapeutic
and Illicit Drug Use in Patients Presenting with
Chronic Pain at the Time of Initial Evaluation
Authors: Manchikanti Laxmaiah
Published: February 2021

Background: Reports of chronic pain and associated opioid use, abuse, and fatalities continue
to increase at an alarming rate, not only in the United States but also across the globe. In light
of the many resultant fatalities, multiple authors and authorities have cautioned against the
excessive use of opioids. Consequently, the Food and Drug Administration, Drug Enforcement
Administration, and multiple state authorities have been proposing and implementing a plethora
of regulations to curb opioid overuse and abuse. In the majority of cases, pain physicians have
been portrayed as the perpetrators responsible for escalating use and abuse and resultant
fatalities.
Objectives: To assess the patterns of psychotherapeutic drug use and illicit drug use at the
time of initial evaluation.
Study Design: A prospective evaluation.
Setting: A private, specialty referral interventional pain management clinic in the United States.
Methods: Participants were all new patients presenting to interventional pain management
evaluated by one physician. Inclusion criteria was patients over 18 years of age with chronic
spinal pain of at least one year duration.
Results: The results of this evaluation indicate that 94% of patients were on long-term opioids
prior to presenting to interventional pain management. Illicit drug use is also common, although
it has declined significantly. While a large proportion of individuals (45.7%) have used illicit
drugs at some point in the past, current illicit drug use is present in only 7.9% of patients, both
past and current use are similar to that of the general population. More importantly, a significant
proportion of patients have been on opioids (high doses of more than 40 mg equivalents of
morphine 48.8%) on a long-term basis, initiated and maintained by primary care physicians,
prior to presenting to interventional pain management. Further, 35% were on benzodiazepines,
and 9.2% on carisoprodol prior to presenting to interventional pain management.
Limitations: The limitations of this evaluation include that it is a prospective, single center
evaluation by one physician that is partially dependent on subjective recall of the patient.
Conclusion: This study shows an overwhelming majority of patients were initiated and
maintained with opioids in managing chronic noncancer pain. They were frequently on high
doses over a long period of time with multiple drug combinations prescribed by primary care
physicians.
Key Words: Chronic pain, persistent pain, noncancer pain, controlled substances, substance
abuse, prescription drug abuse, opioids, prescriptions, urine drug testing, fatalities, regulations
Cigarette Smokers Have Reduced Risk for PostDural Puncture Headache
Authors: Geracioti, Jr. Thomas D.
Published: February 2021

Background: Although headache is the most common complication of dural puncture,
knowledge gaps remain about patient-related risks. Data are lacking on the role, if any, of tobacco
smoking, race, anxiety, depression, and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in conferring risk for
post-dural puncture headache (PDPH).
Objective: To determine the influence of tobacco smoking, race, anxiety, depressed mood, and
PTSD on the risk for PDPH.
Study Design: Retrospective chart review, single site.
Methods: We determined the incidence of significant PDPH according to age, sex, race, smoking
status, and psychiatric diagnosis in 153 consecutive research patients at the Cincinnati Veterans Affairs
Medical Center who had continuous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling performed after using a largebore (17 gauge) Tuohy needle to place a 20-gauge polyamide catheter in the lumbar spinal canal.
Results: Thirty-nine subjects (25.5%) had significant PDPH, defined as requiring an epidural
blood patch for therapy (an average of 4 days post-procedure). Greater age was associated with a
decreased risk of PDPH (P = 0.008); subjects over the age of 40 had the lowest incidence (15.7%).
Women and men had a 31.4% and 23.7% incidence of PDPH, respectively; these were not
significantly different (P = 0.38). Neither were rates of PDPH in Caucasians (28.0%) and AfricanAmericans (15.6%) significantly different (P = 0.18). Healthy controls had a higher incidence of
PDPH than patients with PTSD (P = 0.032). Smokers had a lower incidence of PDPH than nonsmokers, 13.7% vs. 34.1% (P = 0.009).
Limitations: This was not a prospective study, rather a retrospective chart review.
Conclusion: Most notably, smokers had a considerably reduced rate of PDPH in comparison with
non-smokers. This information could be a useful addition to the clinical assessment of relative risk for
PDPH. Further research into the mechanisms by which tobacco smoking may inhibit PDPH, such as
nicotine stimulation of dopamine neurotransmission or alterations in coagulation, appears warranted.
Key words: Anxiety, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), epidural blood patch, headache, lumbar puncture,
pain, post-dural puncture headache, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), race, tobacco, Tuohy needle
Effectiveness of Percutaneous Transforaminal
Adhesiolysis in Patients with Lumbar
Neuroforaminal Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Park Chan Hong
Published: February 2021

Background: Lumbar foraminal spinal stenosis (LFSS) is a narrowing of the bony exit of a nerve
root, which causes mechanical compression of spinal nerve roots. Low back pain and/or leg
pain, and possibly neurogenic claudication, may result due to mechanical neural compression.
Transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFESIs) are commonly used for treating LFSS. Patients
refractory to TFESIs may benefit from percutaneous epidural adhesiolysis.
Objective: Our intent was to assess transforaminal adhesiolysis (TFA) as treatment for LFSS,
analyzing patient response by severity of stenosis and evaluating the short-term effectiveness
of TFA.
Study Design: Prospective study.
Methods: Following IRB approval, 35 patients with LFSS were enrolled, all of whom underwent
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine. Sagittal MRI views were evaluated to
grade the severity of LFSS. TFA was routinely conducted in the operating room. One hour after
the procedure, each patient received 6 mL of 10% sodium chloride, infused over 30 minutes,
with monitoring. Posttreatment outcomes were determined at 2 weeks and 3 months using a
5-point patient satisfaction scale. To test predictive value, patients were stratified by response
(improvement versus no improvement).
Results: Improvement (defined as little pain, moderate pain, or no pain) was observed in 25
patients (71.4%) at 2 weeks and in 22 patients (62.8%) at 3 months following the procedure.
Among patients showing improvement, those with Grade 3 spinal stenosis outnumbered those
with Grade 2. At the 3-month follow-up, no statistically significant correlations between pain
relief and the grade of LFSS was evident.
Limitations: Secondary outcomes were not measured and the follow-up period was relatively
brief.
Conclusion: Short-term results indicate that percutaneous TFA is an effective treatment for
LFSS, although therapeutic outcomes and the severity of LFSS showed no correlation.
Key words: Lumbar, foraminal stenosis, adhesiolysis, effectiveness.
THE ROLE OF IFN- γ AND TNF- α IN EXPERIMENTAL MASTITIS
Authors: & et al Touma
Published: February 2021

This study was design to characterize the immune response in experimentally Pseudomonas aeruginosa mastitis mice treated probiotic bifidocin and cazacin of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus casei. We quantified the level of the IFN-γ and TNF-α cytokines in blood by ELISA technique. IFN-γ level was significantly higher in infected group compared to control (340.21 ± 41.61, 8.45 ± 0.83 pg/ml, respectively). While the level of IFN-γ was significantly higher in mastitis mice than bifidocin and cazacin treated mice. Also, TNF-α level showed a significant increase in mastitis mice compared to controls (320.11±40.33, 8.45±0.83pg/ml, respectively). Among mastitis and bifidocin (9 and 18 mg/ml), cazacin (11 and 22 mg/ml) treated mice a high level of TNF-α was observed in these groups without variant significant differences. These suggest that Pseudomonas aeruginosa caused mice's mastitis developed a cell-mediated response. In addition, the extracts of bifidocin and cazacin have a possibility to use in treatment and prevention of mastitis infections and able to modulate the levels of cytokines in lactating mice.
ACUTE TOXICITY TEST OF LOW CALCIUM OXALATE PORANG (Amorphophallus mueleri BLUME) FLOUR
Authors: Donowarti I. , Widjanarko S. B. , Yunianta Y. , Pudjiastuti P.
Published: February 2021

A field experiment Porang (Amorphophallus mueleri Blume) has the potential to be developed as a functional food ingredient because it contains high levels of glucomannan. Research on the acute toxicity test of macerated porang flour has been carried out. The results of research showed a toxic effect which was characterized by high SGOT and sodium levels. The purpose of this study was to find out the safety level of consuming porang flour with lowered calcium oxalate content. This research was an experimental study designed in one directional-pattern Completely Randomized Design using 5 treatments of porang flour administration with doses of 0; 5; 50; 500; 5000 and 15000 mg/kgbw and 6 repetitions for 60 days using Wistar-strain white rats (Rattus norvegicus) as laboratory animals. The results showed that during the treatment, the administration up to a dose of 500 mg/kgbw did not give a significant difference to all observed variables. The administration of 5000 and 15000 mg/kgbw gave a significant difference on the changes in body weight, the addition of the amount of water drunk, the levels of Calcium, Potassium and Sodium in the blood, SGOT and SGPT values, and observation on necrotic cells in the kidneys. The administration of the highest porang flour dosage, namely 15000 mg/kgbw did not cause any rat mortality and did not cause any real cell damage to the liver, but caused hyperactive behavior in female rats.
COMPARISON OF SPRING AND SUMMER SOWING OF SUGAR BEET GENOTYPES AT DIFFERENT HARVEST DATES TO SHIFT FROM TRADITIONAL CROP TO CASH CROP IN CENTRAL IRAN
Authors: & et al Vahidi
Published: February 2021

This study was carried out in Karaj, Iran in 2017 and 2018 to assess the efficacy of summer sowing (June 22) versus spring sowing (April 20) of six sugar beet genotypes at three harvest times (October 13, November 2, and November 23) via the measurement of catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and agronomic traits. Results showed that in both sowing dates, higher growth and temperature were related to higher CAT activity and MDA content, and the maximum MDA and CAT activity were observed in 1700−1900 growth degree days (GDD). Genotypes responded to the shortening of the growth period differently. The best genotypes for summer sowing were found to be ‘Paya’, ‘IR7’, and ‘Pars’ when a combination of the least response to delayed sowing and the highest root yield in the summer sowing conditions was considered. Compared to the spring sowing, the summer sowing decreased white sugar yield (WSY) of all cultivars by 28.3−50.5% in the first year and 5.3−32.4% in the second year. ‘Paya’ and ‘IR7’ were the most capable cultivars in preserving WSY so that they maintained 70% of their yields. In addition, the genotypes exhibited their highest WSY at the November 23 harvest date so that root, raw sugar and white sugar yields were 41.21, 6.35 and 5.02 t ha−1 higher at the November 23 harvest date than at the October 13 harvest date, respectively. Based on the results, if summer-sown sugar beets are considered as a cash crop in rotation with grains and there is no limitation on water supply, it can then be recommended to farmers as it can make good profits for them.
ICHTHYOFAUNA OF MAKLANG RIVER, CHINDWIN RIVER BASIN OF
MANIPUR
Authors: Jajo Ersilia , . Arunkumar L , Moyon Wanglar Alphonsa
Published: February 2021

Manipur, the north eastern state of India is one of the important Freshwater Biodiversity Hotspot. The region being
drained by the Brahamaputra and the Chindwin drainages harbours potentially important freshwater sh resources. Abell
et al (2008) stated that the north east region has a species richness consisting of around 500 sh species. The Maklang River, one of the major
rivers, draining the Kamjong District of Manipur originates from the Kangkhui hills, enters Myanmar to meet the Yu River and nally drains into
the Chindwin. A comprehensive study of the Maklang River reveals rich ichthyofaunal diversity. The study includes 106 species belonging to 69
genera and 26 families. The ichthyofaunal component comprises of a mixture of endemic hill stream, Burmese (or Myanmarese), Indochinese
and widely distributed forms. Diversity with reference to special hill stream modications viz., thoracic adhesive apparatus, labial folds, mental
disc, proboscis in Glyptothorax, Garra, Crossocheilus, Psilorhynchus, Schistura and Pseudecheneis have been examined. The Maklang River is
under anthropogenic pressure leading to habitat modication, degradation, pollution, ow modication which poses as threats to sh species. As
such, the study assumes signicant role not only from academic documentary point of view but also to initiate more detailed exploration and
conservation strategy for the use of ichthyofaunal resources more sustainably.
ASSESSING KNOWLEDGE OF FIRST AID SKILLS AMONG FIRST YEAR
MEDICAL STUDENTS AT BIMS COLLEGE, BELAGAVI
Authors: Nikam Padmaja , R Manasa D. , Nikam Shashikanth , Yadgude Ramkrishna
Published: February 2021

Background: Adequate knowledge regarding rst aid skills is highly important to save victim's life prior to hospital
admission at the site of emergency/accident or any worsening illness. Recently, most of the medical colleges included
formal rst aid training in new teaching curriculum (i.e. foundation course) among rst year medical students. To assess the level of Aim:
knowledge among rst medical students after formal rst aid training This c Methodology: ross-sectional study was conducted during January
2020 among 137 rst year medical students. Data was collected by questionnaire method. Overall knowledge & each condition were graded
based on the score as good, moderate & poor. Good knowledge was observed only in 0.7% (01/137) tot Results: al students, whereas moderate
knowledge in 30% (42/137) & poor knowledge in 67% (93/137) students. Analysis of knowledge in selected conditions like adult & infant CPR
was good (73.7% & 67%), but conditions like snake bite, frost bite, unconscious, myocardial infarction, choking etc had poor knowledge.
Conclusion: The level of knowledge about rst aid was not good among majority of the students & study also identied the key areas where
knowledge was lacking. Thus, there is a need for more number of activities to reinforce their knowledge periodically regarding rst aid in most of
the medical conditions.
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS ONLINE FOOD
DELIVERING SERVICES IN COIMBATORE
Authors: Thayumanavar B. , Giridaran C.
Published: February 2021

Online food delivery service is a new wave that emerged in the country with a notion to easy access to food for all those
who are in need of from their own location. The changes in the society have brought a changing need to bring food to their
place when they need. Though there could be many reasons to use online food delivery, the Perception of the customers varies with respect to their
needs and wants (Chai and Yat, 2019). The study concentrated on the customer Perception on the online apps that are involved in online food
delivery in Coimbatore district. The present study is descriptive in nature. By adopting purposive sampling method 160 respondents were involved
in the survey to analyze their Perception about the mobile applications that are involved in delivering the food through online orders.