bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A prediction model for guiding tumor microwave ablation surgery based on simulation
Authors: Qian Lu , Yang Yamin , Chen Pan , Liu Jia , Jin Xiaofei , Qian Zhiyu , Chen Chunxiao
Published: September 2024

Purpose: The major limitation of tumor microwave ablation (MWA) operation is the lack of predictability of the ablation zone before surgery. Operators rely on their individual experience to select a treatment plan, which is prone to either inadequate or excessive ablation. This paper aims to establish an ablation prediction model that guides MWA tumor surgical planning. Methods: An MWA process was first simulated by incorporating electromagnetic radiation equations, thermal equations, and optimized biological tissue parameters (dynamic dielectric and thermophysical parameters). The temperature distributions (the short/long diameters, and the total volume of the ablation zone) were then generated and verified by 60 cases ex vivo porcine liver experiments. Subsequently, a series of data were obtained from the simulated temperature distributions and to further fit the novel ablation coagulated area prediction model (ACAPM), thus rendering the ablation-dose table for the guiding surgical plan. The MWA clinical patient data and clinical devices suggested data were used to validate the accuracy and practicability of the established predicted model. Results: The 60 cases ex vivo porcine liver experiments demonstrated the accuracy of the simulated temperature distributions. Compared to traditional simulation methods, our approach reduces the long-diameter error of the ablation zone from 1.1[Formula: see text]cm to 0.29[Formula: see text]cm, achieving a 74% reduction in error. Further, the clinical data including the patients’ operation results and devices provided values were consistent well with our predicated data, indicating the great potential of ACAPM to assist preoperative planning.
The a-number of yn = xm + x over finite fields
Authors: Farivar Sepideh , Mosallaei Behrooz , Ghanbari Farzaneh , Nourozi Vahid
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a formula for the [Formula: see text]-number of certain maximal curves characterized by the equation [Formula: see text] over the finite field [Formula: see text]. [Formula: see text]-number serves as an invariant for the isomorphism class of the [Formula: see text]-torsion group scheme. By utilizing the action of the Cartier operator on [Formula: see text], we establish a closed formula for the [Formula: see text]-number of [Formula: see text].
An (AlN/GaN)N D (AlN/GaN)N Photonic Crystal-Based Gas Sensor
Authors: Aly Arafa H. , Mohamed B. A. , Al-Dossari M. , Alshomrany Ali S. , Amin A. F.
Published: September 2024

Over the past few years, more studies have been conducted on the use of photonic crystals (PCs) in the detection field. Particularly fascinating for use as gas sensors are these materials’ outstanding spectrum sensitivity and small design. Using one-dimensional PCs as the theoretical foundation, this work aims to develop and analyze a nanoscale system that can identify the concentration of gases in ambient air and differentiate it from contaminated air. The intended structure is composed of layers of gallium nitride (GaN) and aluminum nitride (AlN) that alternate. In between these layers is a defective layer cavity that is filled with polluted air, which has a refractive index that is quite similar to pure air. The transfer matrix method (TMM) was used to perform numerical results for the proposed sensor. This sensor achieves average sensitivity of 1791 nm/RIU, average quality factor and figure of merit (FoM) of 1833 and 2287, respectively. We therefore think that the suggested detector’s design offers a strong candidate for accurate and efficient detection.
RViT: Robust Fusion Vision Transformer with Variational Hierarchical Denoising Process for Image Classification
Authors: Lin Zhenghong , Wu Yuze , Chen Jiawei , Wang Shiping
Published: September 2024

Transformers designed for natural language processing have originally been explored for computer vision in recent research. Various Vision Transformers (ViTs) play an increasingly important role in the field of image tasks such as computer vision, multimodal fusion and multimedia analysis. However, to obtain promising performance, most existing ViTs usually rely on artificially filtered high-quality images, which may suffer from inherent noise risk. Generally, such well-constructed images are not always available in every situation. To this end, we propose a Robust ViT (RViT) to focus on the relevant and robust representation learning for image classification tasks. Specifically, we first develop a novel Denoising VTUnet module, where we conceptualize the nonrobust noise as the uncertainty under the variational conditions. Furthermore, we design a fusion transformer backbone with a tailored fusion attention mechanism to perform image classification based on the extracted robust representations effectively. To demonstrate the superiority of our model, the compared experiments are conducted on several popular datasets. Benefiting from the sequence regularity of the Transformer and captured robust feature, the proposed method exceeds compared Transformer-based models with superior performance in visual tasks.
The Microstructure, Morphology, and Mechanical Properties of Sol–Gel-Derived Amorphous Aluminum Oxide Films
Authors: Jin Junteng , Zhao Gaoling , Cao Zhiqiang , Song Bin , Han Gaorong
Published: September 2024

Amorphous alumina films are isotropic and have no grain boundaries, which make them have smooth surfaces, excellent properties, and wide applications in protective coatings, catalysis, and microelectronics. However, high-quality alumina films were usually prepared by vapor-phase approaches which need expensive equipment and long production time. Additionally, amorphous films are long-range disordered, which makes the study of structure–property relationships challenging. Here, a simple sol–gel method is employed to obtain high-quality amorphous Al2O3 thin films. The microstructure, morphology, and mechanical properties of amorphous Al2O3 thin films were systematically investigated. All the Al2O3 thin films heat-treated at 600–800∘C are in amorphous state with ultrasmooth surface (Ra values about 0.29–0.43 nm) and high mechanical properties (elastic modulus ∼170[Formula: see text]GPa, hardness ∼20[Formula: see text]GPa). The mechanical properties (E and H) of Al2O3 films gradually increase with the increase of heat-treating temperature. Additionally, the Al coordination of the amorphous alumina films are analyzed by solid-state NMR and correlated with the mechanical properties. The results show that in amorphous alumina, the presence of tetrahedral Al ([4]Al) and octahedral Al ([6]Al) is helpful to improve the mechanical properties, while the five-coordinated Al ([5]Al) is not conducive to improve the mechanical properties. The results demonstrate that sol–gel method is an attractive alternative to time-consuming and expensive vapor-phase approaches and are useful for scale-up to applications and research of amorphous alumina films.
The Cretaceous of the Spanish Central System: a review of the lithostratigraphy, palaeontology and sequence stratigraphy, including new educational perspectives
Authors: Segura M. , Ozkaya de Juanas S. , Berrocal-Casero M. , Barroso-Barcenilla F. , Callapez P. M.
Published: September 2024

The Southern part of the Spanish Central System is formed by both terrigenous and carbonate Cretaceous rocks that have been affected by intense dolomitization. They are part of the sediments deposited on the western margin of the Iberian Basin during the Cenomanian–Maastrichtian, the depositional architecture of which has been reconstructed through a detailed sequence stratigraphical study and analysis of its fossil record. It is formed by three large transgressive–regressive cycles in which the carbonate platform moves towards the West, while the terrigenous facies of its base decreases and the overlying clay facies, with gypsum, increases. The integration of sedimentological and palaeontological data and the identification of a set of parasequences has allowed the differentiation of 13 depositional sequences. This research has been essential to carry out modern geological mapping and provide society with a model that improves the economic geology and geotechnical exploration of these areas. Furthermore, this scientific progress has also impacted on the interest of society towards the geosciences and, especially, palaeontology. This has widened the scope for new research fields related to scientific outreach for the community and learning opportunities at different educational levels.
A Survey on Recommender Systems Using Graph Neural Network
Authors: Anand Vineeta , Maurya Ashish Kumar
Published: September 2024

The expansion of the Internet has resulted in a change in the flow of information. With the vast amount of digital information generated online, it is easy for users to feel overwhelmed. Finding the specific information can be a challenge, and it can be difficult to distinguish credible sources from unreliable ones. This has made recommender system (RS) an integral part of the information services framework. These systems alleviate users from information overload by analyzing users’ past preferences and directing only desirable information toward users. Traditional RSs use approaches like collaborative and content-based filtering to generate recommendations. Recently, these systems have evolved to a whole new level, intuitively optimizing recommendations using deep network models. graph neural networks (GNNs) have become one of the most widely used approaches in RSs, capturing complex relationships between users and items using graphs. In this survey, we provide a literature review of the latest research efforts done on GNN-based RSs. We present an overview of RS, discuss its generalized pipeline and evolution with changing learning approaches. Furthermore, we explore basic GNN architecture and its variants used in RSs, their applications, and some critical challenges for future research.
GazeFusion: Saliency-Guided Image Generation
Authors: Zhang Yunxiang , Wu Nan , Lin Connor Z. , Wetzstein Gordon , Sun Qi
Published: September 2024

Diffusion models offer unprecedented image generation power given just a text prompt. While emerging approaches for controlling diffusion models have enabled users to specify the desired spatial layouts of the generated content, they cannot predict or control where viewers will pay more attention due to the complexity of human vision. Recognizing the significance of attention-controllable image generation in practical applications, we present a saliency-guided framework to incorporate the data priors of human visual attention mechanisms into the generation process. Given a user-specified viewer attention distribution, our control module conditions a diffusion model to generate images that attract viewers’ attention toward the desired regions. To assess the efficacy of our approach, we performed an eye-tracked user study and a large-scale model-based saliency analysis. The results evidence that both the cross-user eye gaze distributions and the saliency models’ predictions align with the desired attention distributions. Lastly, we outline several applications, including interactive design of saliency guidance, attention suppression in unwanted regions, and adaptive generation for varied display/viewing conditions.
Simple Policies for Multiresource Job Scheduling
Authors: Chen Zhongrui , Grosof Isaac , Berg Benjamin
Published: September 2024

Data center workloads are composed of multiresource jobs requiring a variety of computational resources including CPU cores, memory, disk space, and hardware accelerators. Modern servers can run multiple jobs in parallel, but a set of jobs can only run in parallel if the server has sufficient resources to satisfy the demands of each job. It is generally hard to find sets of jobs that perfectly utilize all server resources, and choosing the wrong set of jobs can lead to low resource utilization. This raises the question of how to allocate resources across a stream of arriving multiresource jobs to minimize the mean response time across jobs - the mean time from when a job arrives to the system until it is complete.
Optimizing Stochastic Control through State TransitionSeparability and Resource-Utility Exchange
Authors: Liu Larkin , Liu Shiqi , Jusup Matej
Published: September 2024

In the realm of stochastic control, particularly in the fields of economics and engineering, Markov Decision Processes (MDP's) are employed to represent various processes ranging from asset management to transportation logistics. Upon closer examination these constrained MDP's often exhibit specific causal structures concerning the dynamics of transitions and rewards. Thus, leveraging this structure can facilitate computational simplifications for determining the optimal policy. This study introduces a framework, which we denote as SD-MDP, in which we disentangle the causal structure of state transition and reward function dynamics. Through this method, we are able to establish theoretical guarantees on improvements in computational efficiency compared to standard MDP solver (such as linear programming). We further derive error bounds on the optimal value approximation via Monte Carlo simulation for this family of stochastic control problems.
Report on the Third International Workshop onTeaching Performance Analysis of Computer Systems 2024
Authors: de Nitto Persone Vittoria , Tay Y.C.
Published: September 2024

Teaching is one of the most essential activities of academics, and leading knowledge and critical thinking is crucial for a healthy and productive society. However, the context is complex. The last two decades were characterised by an economic crisis that negatively impacted many educational systems, and industry interests are driving social transformation. Inevitably, institutes of higher learning are changing their role, perhaps unawares. Meanwhile, new generations of students are also changing their learning modes.
Communication—Influence of Supercritical CO2 Emulsified Electrolyte on the Morphology of Electrodeposited Polypyrrole Films
Authors: Vinaisuratern Punvinai , Kurioka Tomoyuki , Chen Chun-Yi , Chang Tso-Fu Mark , Sone Masato
Published: September 2024

Electrodeposition of polypyrrole (PPy) in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) emulsified electrolytes containing anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) has been reported. By changing SDS concentration and the CO2/water volume ratio, PPy films with different morphologies, such as nodular, granular, and flower-like structures, are fabricated. The PPy films prepared in the scCO2 emulsified electrolytes show better redox properties than PPy films prepared in an aqueous electrolyte. Moreover, their redox properties are found to be affected by their respective morphologies.
Atrial pacing improves mitochondrial function in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices
Authors: Nantsupawat Teerapat , Gumrai Pawut , Apaijai Nattayaporn , Phrommintikul Arintaya , Prasertwitayakij Narawudt , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. , Chattipakorn Nipon , Wongcharoen Wanwarang
Published: September 2024

Atrial pacing enhances mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity and reduces proton leak. This finding may provide further evidence supporting the preventive role of atrial pacing in reducing the risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices.
Cerebral hemodynamic and systemic physiological changes in trained freedivers completing sled-assisted dives to two different depths
Authors: Bønnelycke Eva-Maria S. , Giacon Tommaso A. , Bosco Gerardo , Kainerstorfer Jana M. , Paganini Matteo , Ruesch Alexander , Wu Jingyi , McKnight J. Chris
Published: September 2024

We present a standardized methodology in which trained breath-hold divers instrumented with wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology and a cannula for arterial blood sampling completed sled-assisted dives to two different dive depths to account for the confounding factors of exercise and depth during breath-hold diving. In our investigation, we highlight the utility of wearable NIRS systems for continuous hemodynamic and oxygenation monitoring to investigate the impacts of hydrostatic pressure on cardiovascular and blood oxygen regulation.
Modulation of cutaneous vasodilation by reactive oxygen species during local and whole body heating in young and older adults
Authors: McGarr Gregory W. , Li-Maloney Caroline , King Kelli E. , Janetos Kristina-Marie T. , Fujii Naoto , Amano Tatsuro , Kenny Glen P.
Published: September 2024

We found that local infusion of apocynin or allopurinol improved cutaneous vasodilator responses to passive whole body heating (but not local skin heating) in healthy older adults. These findings indicate that impaired microvascular responses to whole body heating with primary aging are linked to augmented production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase. This study sheds new light on the specific ROS pathways that modulate age-related changes in cutaneous microvascular responses to heating.
Supplementary Table 5 from Phase I Study of Simlukafusp Alfa (FAP-IL2v) with or without Atezolizumab in Japanese Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Koyama Takafumi , Yonemori Kan , Shimizu Toshio , Sato Jun , Kondo Shunsuke , Sudo Kazuki , Yoshida Tatsuya , Katsuya Yuki , Imaizumi Tatsuki , Enomoto Masashi , Seki Ryoko , Yamamoto Noboru
Published: September 2024

Table S5 shows the adverse events by primary system-organ-class and preferred term, overall and those of Grade ≥3 severity.
Figure 1 from Phase I Study of Simlukafusp Alfa (FAP-IL2v) with or without Atezolizumab in Japanese Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Koyama Takafumi , Yonemori Kan , Shimizu Toshio , Sato Jun , Kondo Shunsuke , Sudo Kazuki , Yoshida Tatsuya , Katsuya Yuki , Imaizumi Tatsuki , Enomoto Masashi , Seki Ryoko , Yamamoto Noboru
Published: September 2024

Patient flow.
Combined Oxygen-Enhanced MRI and Perfusion Imaging Detect Hypoxia Modification from Banoxantrone and Atovaquone and Track Their Differential Mechanisms of Action
Authors: O’Connor James P.B. , Tessyman Victoria , Little Ross A. , Babur Muhammad , Forster Duncan , Latif Ayşe , Cheung Susan , Lipowska-Bhalla Grazyna , Higgins Geoff S. , Asselin Marie-Claude , Parker Geoff J.M. , Williams Kaye J.
Published: September 2024

Oxygen-enhanced MRI (OE-MRI) has shown promise for quantifying and spatially mapping tumor hypoxia, either alone or in combination with perfusion imaging. Previous studies have validated the technique in mouse models and in patients with cancer. Here, we report the first evidence that OE-MRI can track change in tumor oxygenation induced by two drugs designed to modify hypoxia. Mechanism of action of banoxantrone and atovaquone were confirmed using in vitro experiments. Next, in vivo OE-MRI studies were performed in Calu6 and U87 xenograft tumor models, alongside fluorine-18–fluoroazomycin arabinoside PET and immunohistochemistry assays of hypoxia. Neither drug altered tumor size. Banoxantrone reduced OE-MRI hypoxic fraction in Calu6 tumors by 52.5% ± 12.0% (P = 0.008) and in U87 tumors by 29.0% ± 15.8% (P = 0.004) after 3 days treatment. Atovaquone reduced OE-MRI hypoxic fraction in Calu6 tumors by 53.4% ± 15.3% (P = 0.002) after 7 days therapy. PET and immunohistochemistry provided independent validation of the MRI findings. Finally, combined OE-MRI and perfusion imaging showed that hypoxic tissue was converted into necrotic tissue when treated by the hypoxia-activated cytotoxic prodrug banoxantrone, whereas hypoxic tissue became normoxic when treated by atovaquone, an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex III of the electron transport chain. OE-MRI detected and quantified hypoxia reduction induced by two hypoxia-modifying therapies and could distinguish between their differential mechanisms of action. These data support clinical translation of OE-MRI biomarkers in clinical trials of hypoxia-modifying agents to identify patients demonstrating biological response and to optimize treatment timing and scheduling.

Significance: For the first time, we show that hypoxic fraction measured by oxygen-enhanced MRI (OE-MRI) detected changes in tumor oxygenation induced by two drugs designed specifically to modify hypoxia. Furthermore, when combined with perfusion imaging, OE-MRI hypoxic volume distinguished the two drug mechanisms of action. This imaging technology has potential to facilitate drug development, enrich clinical trial design, and accelerate clinical translation of novel therapeutics into clinical use.
Association between City-Level Particulate Matter Exposure and Frailty among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China
Authors: Wu Di , Guo Zhen , Xue Hui , Fan Lijun , Liao Yilan , Nyame Linda , Cui Mengjing , Tian Yong , Ruan Zengliang , Du Wei
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The effects of exposure to particulate matter and frailty, as well as its exposure-response relationship, have not been effectively explored. This study aimed to explore the association between long-term exposure to particulate matter and frailty state and each dimension in Chinese middle-aged and older adults, in addition to the exposure-response relationship. Methods: The data were obtained from the National Urban Air Quality Real-Time Dissemination Platform and China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Frailty was measured by a frailty index containing 39 indicators. Annual averages of seven pollutants were calculated from hourly monitoring data. We used multilevel regression modeling to explore the association between long-term exposure to particulate matter and frailty. Meanwhile, we explored the exposure-response relationship based on a multilevel generalized summation model. We performed a sensitivity analysis using a multi-pollution model and a quantile-based g-computation (QGC) model. Results: A total of 15,611 participants were included in the analysis. We find that long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of pre-frailty and frailty (all p < 0.05). PMc and PM10 exhibited similar associations. The exposure-response relationship between PM2.5 showed a linear relationship, whereas the exposure-response relationship between PM10, PMc showed a nonlinear relationship. Elevated PM2.5 concentrations showed significant positive associations with the number of chronic disease score, IADL score, and functional limitation status score (all p < 0.05). PM10 and PMc showed similar positive correlations. These results remained robust after sensitivity analyses using a multi-pollution model and QGC model. Conclusion: Chronic exposure to particulate matter was significantly associated with increased risk of frailty. The exposure-response relationship between PM2.5 concentration and frailty showed a linear relationship, and the exposure-response relationship between PM10 and PMc showed a nonlinear relationship. Exposure to a mixture of pollutants carried a higher risk of frailty than exposure to a single pollutant.
Radiotherapy-Related Quality of Life in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Kai , Cai Yuan , Jiang Luyun , Tian Li
Published: September 2024

Introduction: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the quality of life (QoL) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients with radiotherapy. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed to identify relevant studies published until March 2022. Quality evaluation and data extraction were performed for the included studies, and meta-analysis was performed using Stata. Results: Nine studies, including 1,659 patients, were eligible. Most QoL scales developed at the end of the treatment course and then followed by a gradual recovery to 1 year and more than 1 year after treatment. However, some items have not changed significantly and have a deteriorating trend. Items of cognitive functioning and constipation in EORTC QLQ-C30, and sexuality, felt ill, and weight gain in EORTC QLQ-H&N35 showed that scales with follow-up of more than 1 year were worse than those within 1 year but still better than those after treatment. In the intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) subgroup in EORTC QLQ-C30, cognitive functioning was similar to those before, and there was no significant change in insomnia. There was no significant change in the teeth item in EORTC QLQ-H&N35. In the IMRT subgroup, scales of swallowing, felt ill, and weight gain with follow-up of more than 1 year were worse than those within 1 year. Conclusion: The QoL of patients with NPC is significantly impaired after radiotherapy-treated compared to baseline, and most of these items will gradually improve.
The Bone-Vascular Axis: A Key Player in Chronic Kidney Disease Associated Vascular Calcification
Authors: Shen Yingjing , Yu Chen
Published: September 2024

Background: The bone-vascular axis plays a key role in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification (VC) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Understanding and managing the role of the bone-vascular axis in CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is critical for preventing and treating associated complications, including osteoporosis, arterial calcification, and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to comprehensively summarize the role of bone metabolism markers in uremic VC. Summary: The skeleton, as an endocrine organ, can regulate systemic metabolic processes by secreting various bioactive substances. These molecules can induce the transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells, promoting their transition to other functional states, thereby affecting vascular growth and remodeling. Key Messages: The prevalence of VC in individuals with CKD is notably high. CKD-associated VC is characterized by the widespread accumulation of hydroxyapatite within the arterial media, which occurs as a result of the transformation of smooth muscle cells into osteoblastic smooth muscle cells under the influence of uremic toxins. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone tissue secrete mineral metabolic proteins, which can influence neighboring cells, primarily vascular smooth muscle cells, through paracrine signaling. Both circulating and osteocytic sclerostin can exert a protective effect by inhibiting wingless/integrated (WNT)-induced calcification. The therapeutic goal for CKD-MBD is to reduce production of sclerostin by decreasing the osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Calciprotein particles act as a physiological agent for delivering calcium-phosphate the bone and inducing fibroblast growth factor-23 expression in osteoblasts.
p16 Immunohistochemical Patterns in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Clinical and Genomic Similarities of the p16 Diffuse Pattern to pRB Deficiency
Authors: Lee Miseon , Lee Ahwon , Choi Byung-Ock , Park Woo-Chan , Lee Jieun , Kang Jun
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with alterations in the retinoblastoma pathway. As a consequence of retinoblastoma protein (pRB) loss, compensatory upregulation of p16 occurs due to the loss of phosphorylated pRB-mediated negative feedback on p16 expression. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinicopathological and genomic characteristics associated with the diffuse pattern of p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in TNBC. Methods: The study analyzed surgically resected TNBC for whole-exome sequencing in 113 cases and for cDNA microarray in 144 cases. The p16 IHC results were classified into two patterns: diffuse and negative/mosaic. Results: In the entire cohort (n = 257), the diffuse pattern of p16 IHC was observed in 123 (47.9%) patients and the negative/mosaic pattern in 134 (52.1%). Biallelic RB1 inactivation was observed in 14.3% of patients with the diffuse pattern. The diffuse pattern of p16 IHC showed more frequent RB1 alterations and cell cycle progression signatures, a higher Ki-67 labeling index, more frequent chromosome segment copy number changes, a higher frequency of homologous recombination deficiency high, and immune-related signatures. PIK3CA mutations were more frequent in the negative/mosaic pattern. CCND1 amplification was identified in 5 cases, all with the negative/mosaic pattern. Conclusion: In TNBC, the diffuse p16 pattern shows clinical and genomic similarities to pRB-deficient tumors, suggesting shared characteristics. This suggests that p16 IHC testing may provide new therapeutic approaches, underscoring its potential clinical importance.
The SAFEST Study: Survey on Antiplatelets in Flow Diversion for Aneurysm Endovascular Treatment
Authors: Hohenstatt Sophia , Vollherbst Dominik F. , Nguyen Thanh N. , Miao Zhongrong , Ton Mai Duy , Yamagami Hiroshi , Dmytriw Adam A. , Maliandi Gabriele , Bendszus Martin , Jesser Jessica , Möhlenbruch Markus A.
Published: September 2024

Background

Flow diversion has emerged as a promising treatment strategy for intracranial aneurysms, yet the influence of antiplatelet therapy on treatment outcomes remains uncertain. Regional and institutional variability in antiplatelet regimens further complicates treatment standardization. This survey aimed to investigate common practices of antiplatelet medication usage in flow diversion for intracranial aneurysms worldwide.

Methods

An anonymous online survey explored antiplatelet therapy regimens in flow diverter implantations, including agent selection, dosing, and duration. The survey was distributed through international neurointerventional societies and mailing lists.

Results

Participants included 442 from 53 countries, revealing that most practitioners agree on using dual antiplatelet therapy, with 67% combining low‐dose aspirin with clopidogrel. However, alternative P2Y12 inhibitors are increasingly being used with the main reasons for preferring ticagrelor (21%) over prasugrel (10%) being its availability and bleeding risk, whereas the main reason for using prasugrel over ticagrelor is patient compliance. Resistance testing for antiplatelet agents was conducted by 62% of survey respondents, with the VerifyNow system being the most common method. Strategies to manage resistance included dose escalation (17%) and switching (83%) to alternative agents. Interest in participating in future trials investigating antiplatelet therapy duration and dual antiplatelet therapy versus single antiplatelet therapy was high (77% and 58%, respectively).

Conclusion

Antiplatelet treatment strategies following flow diversion procedures vary globally, with a growing interest in alternative agents and a willingness to participate in future trials. Standardization efforts and further investigation are warranted for optimizing neurointerventional outcomes.
Gender Features and Coordination Resolution in Greek and Other Three-Gendered Languages: Implications for the Cross-Linguistic Representation of Gender
Authors: Adamson Luke James , Anagnostopoulou Elena
Published: September 2024

Many three-gendered languages have in common that some nouns are assigned conceptual gender – where the value of gender correlates with the interpretation of the noun – while other nouns are assigned arbitrary gender – where there is no such correlation. Strikingly, however, such languages do not always pattern together in how they resolve agreement with gender-mismatched coordinated nominals. If coordination resolution reflects feature representation, variation across languages with similar gender categories presents a puzzle. We hypothesize that resolution with gender-mismatched human and inanimate coordinated nominals is predictable from how properties like animacy and individuation are encoded within a language’s gender system. Focusing on Greek and contrasting patterns in Icelandic and Bosnian/Coratian/Serbian (BCS), we capture resolved agreement patterns through i) an interpretable vs. uninterpretable feature distinction, ii) a feature-geometric account à la Harley and Ritter 2002; and iii) universal coordination resolution mechanisms we refer to as percolation and conversion. Our system correlates resolution with other language-internal properties for gender agreement across the languages we investigate and captures complex patterns of resolution that have not been fully appreciated.
Manifestation of the Socio-Psychological Impact of COVID-19 in Selected Contexts around the Globe
Authors: Ketwa A. , Kang’ethe Simon Murote
Published: September 2024

According to the World Health Organization (2020), the COVID-19 pandemic has had significant psychological and social effects on the population. Research has highlighted the impact on the psychological well-being of the most exposed groups, including children, college students, and health workers who are more likely to develop post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and other symptoms of distress. This article aims to investigate the socio-psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in selected contexts of the globe. The researchers have used a literature review method by using various research engines such as the Web of Science, ResearchGate, Scopus, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), and Google Scholar. The environment of COVID-19 was associated with the following thematic information: immense grief and bereavement; increased mental health illnesses; detrimental effects on family life; high demands on health care; and the application of online psychotherapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to address the health care doldrums caused by the disease. Further, the disease resulted in deaths, loss of jobs, drastic stigmatization, domestic violence, suicidal ideation, and various spates of depression. The article concludes by advocating for psycho-emotional education in different country contexts as a way of increasing disease resilience and coping.
7. Dissatisfied partisans and the unrepresented
Authors: De Mulder August
Published: September 2024

This chapter sheds new light on citizens’ resentment towards politics by looking at what may be part of the problem: citizens may feel unrepresented. Using data from the 2021 Belgian election survey and drawing on an innovative measure of feeling represented, this chapter first examines how well citizens in Belgium feel represented. The results show that, while the majority of citizens feel represented by at least some representatives, more than 1/3 does not feel represented by anyone. Second, I find that not feeling represented by any politician or party goes together with a disengaging political resentment: having low trust, anger, hopelessness and being more likely to abstain. In contrast, citizens who feel unrepresented by most representatives, yet who do feel represented by at least some of them, are associated with a more engaging kind of resentment as they are no longer likely to abstain nor likely to feel hopeless. The results also suggest that populist parties can play a key role by keeping discontented citizens politically engaged. Lastly, I find that feelings of being unrepresented by all politicians and parties are especially prevalent among historically disadvantaged groups, which is additional cause for concern from a political equality perspective.
Evaluating Extremes in Climatology with Average Value-at-Risk Measure: Example of Precipitation Data from Upper Vistula Region in Poland
Authors: Czarnowska Joanna , Bochenek Bogdan , Pyrc Robert
Published: September 2024

The ability to predict changes in the right tail of daily precipitation distributions over short time periods, as well as the probability of clustering extreme values, is critical for current risk management. In the present study, we apply the well-established metric average value-at-risk (AVaR) for the first time within the field of climatology. We also investigate the evolution of the return level (RL) and the extremal index (EI), which we refer to as risk measures. In the case of precipitation processes, a rise in the first two and a reduction in the third may result in increased hazards. These methods were applied to the new data on the daily sum of precipitation from the region of Upper Vistula in Poland from 1951 to 2020 to analyze the dynamics of changes across time. We found that AVaR and RL have the smallest values for the middle of the analyzed period (years 1971–2010), while EI has a maximal value around 1963–92. Both the beginning and the end of the investigated period are characterized by more extreme and clustered precipitation events. Furthermore, this paper includes some recommendations for the tools used to compute the measures.
Investigating the Impact of Multiphysics on Modeled Planetary Boundary Layer Height Estimates during the PECAN Field Campaign
Authors: Pan Keming , Arellano Avelino F. , Guo Yafang , Demoz Belay
Published: September 2024

Accurate representation of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) in numerical weather prediction is crucial to air quality, weather forecasting, and climate change research and operations. Here, we evaluate the estimates of PBL height (PBLH) from a set of convective-permitting simulations conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model during the Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) campaign (from June to mid-July 2015). Our analysis aims to quantify the variability in PBLH, along with its associated surface variables and atmospheric profiles, to gauge the influence of model physics on the accuracy of simulated PBL properties. Specifically, we conducted twenty-four 45-day retrospective simulations encompassing different combinations of three PBL and two microphysics schemes, two initial and boundary condition (ICBC) datasets, and two model vertical grid spacings. We compare these simulations with measurements from surface sites and radiosonde launches across four sites in the southern Great Plains during PECAN. Our findings indicate that deriving PBLH from modeled atmospheric profiles yields a narrower spread (200–300 m) compared to PBLH calculated from the model’s PBL scheme (400–500 m) relative to radiosonde-derived PBLH under fair weather conditions. The choice of PBL scheme and ICBCs exerts the most significant impact (by up to 400 m) on the spread of modeled PBLH and associated atmospheric profiles, primarily influencing the representation of surface heating, transport, and mixing processes in the model. The model has difficulty reproducing the correct thermodynamic profile under cloud-intense conditions. These results underscore the benefit of using the physically consistent approach in retrieving, evaluating, and assimilating PBLH estimates, as well as the utility of multiphysics to better address model uncertainties.

Significance Statement

Studies on weather forecast models typically involve running the model multiple times and adjusting model inputs slightly each time to produce a range of predicted variables. This range is crucial for evaluating forecast probabilities and integrating observations into the model. We found that using different model physics schemes can result in an equal or greater spread for predicted variables (here, we focus on boundary layer height and related variables), compared to input tweaks alone. Additionally, a particular scheme can introduce biases. These findings underscore the importance of employing multiple physics schemes in the model, as they widen the coverage (potentially doubling) of outputs, and thus better address forecast uncertainties.
The Joint Influences of the South Asian Jet Wave Train and Eurasian Teleconnection on the Wet–Cold Extreme over South China in February 2022
Authors: Wang Meng , Li Xiuzhen
Published: September 2024

In February 2022, an extreme wet and cold event hits South China, with the regional precipitation ranking the second highest on record, while the temperature ranked the third lowest since 1979. In this study, the physical mechanisms of this extreme event are investigated from the perspective of multiple time-scale interactions. Results show that the strong confrontation between the warm and moist air advection by the India–Burma trough (IBT) and the invasion of cold air activity related to the strengthening of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) is the key to trigger this extreme event. Further analyses show that the multitime-scale coupling of the South Asian jet wave train and Eurasian (EU) teleconnection is the main reason for the strong cold and warm–moist airflow. The EU teleconnection on both intraseasonal and synoptic time scales plays a key role in triggering this extreme event by strengthening the EAWM. On the synoptic time scale, not only the EU teleconnection but also the South Asian jet wave train plays a key role. They show a stronger intensity on this time scale, and their coupling is obvious. The South Asian jet wave train enhances the moisture supply by deepening the IBT, which further conflicts with the strong EAWM modulated by the EU teleconnection over South China, leading to this extreme wet–cold event. The forecast skills in the Subseasonal to Seasonal (S2S) Prediction project models of this event are evaluated in this paper, and results show that the ECMWF model can successfully predict the extreme precipitation by capturing the coupling of the two wave trains with a 5-day lead time.
The Role of Sea Ice Insulation Effects on the Probability of AMOC Transitions
Authors: van Westen René M. , Jacques-Dumas Valérian , Boot Amber A. , Dijkstra Henk A.
Published: September 2024

Recent simulations performed with the Community Earth System Model (CESM) have suggested a crucial role of sea ice processes in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) hysteresis behavior under varying surface freshwater forcing. Here, we further investigate this issue using additional CESM simulations and a novel conceptual ocean–sea ice box model. The CESM simulations suggest that the presence of sea ice gives rise to the existence of statistical equilibria with a weak AMOC strength. This is confirmed in the conceptual model, which captures similar AMOC hysteresis behavior as in the CESM simulation and where steady states are computed versus freshwater forcing parameters. In the conceptual model, transition probabilities between the different equilibrium states are determined using rare event techniques. The transition probabilities from a strong AMOC state to a weak AMOC state increase when considering sea ice insulation effects and indicate that sea ice promotes these transitions. On the other hand, sea ice insulation effects strongly reduce the probabilities of the reverse transition from a weak AMOC state to a strong AMOC state and this implies that sea ice also limits AMOC recovery. The results here indicate that sea ice effects play a dominant role in AMOC hysteresis width and influence transition probabilities between the different equilibrium states.

Significance Statement

We develop a novel conceptual ocean–sea ice box model to explain AMOC hysteresis behavior recently found in a modern complex climate model (the Community Earth System Model) and determine how sea ice insulation effects influence the hysteresis width and the probability of AMOC transitions.
Challenges and Opportunities for Extension in Drought Adaptation: A Case Study of Ranching in New Mexico
Authors: Dinan Maude , Brunson Mark , Elias Emile , Brown Joel
Published: September 2024

Prolonged drought poses significant challenges for food and fiber production in the U.S. Southwest, where range livestock production has great economic and cultural significance. Sustaining rangeland agriculture in the region necessitates swift and nimble uptake of drought adaptations. While the Cooperative Extension Service serves as a promising resource to drought adaptation among ranchers, how Extension staff perceive their capacity to support ranching clientele in that endeavor is not well understood. We interviewed university Extension professionals across New Mexico to explore their perceptions of drought. We found that their perceived ability to aid in drought adaptation was dependent upon interpersonal, as well as structural, factors. These factors differed across ranching regions in New Mexico. This case study highlights the importance of Extension networks, opportunity for novel Extension training, and a need for heightened attention to structural barriers.
Characterization of Orthophosphate and Orthovanadate in Aqueous Solution Using Polarized Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Rudolph Wolfram
Published: September 2024

Polarized Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze aqueous solutions of sodium orthophosphate and orthovanadate over a wide concentration range (0.00891–0.702 mol/L) at 23 °C. The isotropic scattering profiles were obtained by measuring polarized Raman scattering spectra. Furthermore, R-normalized spectra were calculated and presented. The tetrahedral ions, VO43–(aq) and PO43–(aq), demand four Raman active bands which have been subsequently characterized and assigned. For the PO43–(aq) ion, the deformation modes ν2(e) and ν4(f2) appear at 415 and 557 cm–1, and these modes are depolarized. In the P–O stretching region, the strongest Raman band appears at 936.5 cm–1, which is totally polarized with a depolarization ratio (ρ-value) of 0.002. The broad and depolarized mode at 1010 cm–1 constitutes the antisymmetric stretching band ν3(f2). The Raman spectrum of VO43– shows two depolarized deformation modes ν2(e) and ν4(f2) at 327 and 345.6 cm–1, which are severely overlapped. These bands are very weak. The strongest band in the Raman spectrum of VO43–(aq) is the symmetric stretching mode ν1(a1) at 820.2 cm–1 which is totally polarized with a ρ-value at 0.004. The depolarized antisymmetric stretching mode ν3(f2) appeared at 785 cm–1 as a broad and weak band. Both anions are strongly hydrated and showed extensive hydrolysis in an aqueous solution. Orthovanadate is a much stronger base than orthophosphate in aqueous solution. Therefore, a large amount of NaOH was used to suppress the hydrolysis of VO43–(aq) sufficiently, so, it was possible to characterize the VO43– modes. Quantitative Raman spectroscopy was applied to follow the hydrolysis of PO43– over a wide concentration range from 0.00891 to 0.592 mol/L. The hydrolysis data allowed the calculation of the p Ka3 value for H3PO4 to be 12.330 ± 0.02 (25 °C). The hydrolysis of the VO43– ion is ∼21 times larger than that of the PO43–. The p Ka3 value for H3VO4 is estimated to be 13.65 ± 0.1 (25 °C).
The single-mother ghost-father family: Perspectives of single women choosing posthumous reproduction, a preliminary study
Authors: Dessau Nurit , Hashiloni-Dolev Yael
Published: September 2024

A novel family created by the confluence of single motherhood by choice and posthumous reproduction, one we term – a Single Mother Ghost Father family, may become a commonly available reproductive route in Israel under a recently submitted bill. This is the first empirical research looking at this now-rare family structure from within. Based on semi-structured in-depth interviews with 9 single women who chose to establish a Single Mother Ghost Father family, this preliminary study chronicles their journey from the nuclear family they had initially envisioned to the Single Mother Ghost Father family they decided to establish, explores what motivated them, and conceptualizes different notions of family, motherhood, and fatherhood. The findings demonstrate that constructing this family not only allows the mothers to display the appearance of a normative nuclear family, without explicitly challenging traditional patriarchal impositions, but also to subvert them as they preserve full control of the family.