bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A controvérsia em torno da liberação das pesquisas com células tronco embrionárias no Brasil: posições e argumentos dos representantes da Igreja Católica
Authors: Sales Lilian
Published: May 2022

Neste artigo buscaremos compreender uma parte da controvérsia em torno da liberação do uso de células tronco embrionárias em pesquisas. Deveremos nos centrar nos posicionamentos contrários a esta liberação, empreendidos especialmente por agentes ligados à Igreja Católica. Analisaremos os argumentos e estratégias utilizados por estes agentes para se posicionar contra a liberação, adotando uma posição “em defesa da vida”, e as diferentes formas como esta posição é defendida nas diferentes instâncias envolvidas nesta controvérsia. A centralidade da presença de elementos de base teológica/doutrinal e de elementos de base científica será observada em cada uma das instâncias da Instituição Católica, constituindo parte impor- tante da construção da legitimidade de seu argumento contra liberação do uso das células tronco embrionárias em pesquisas.
Jessaca B. Leinaweaver | The Circulation of Children: Kinship, Adoption and Morality in Andean Peru
Authors: De Sousa Emilene Leite
Published: May 2022

LEINAWEAVER, Jessaca B. The Circulation of Children: Kinship, Adoption and Morality in Andean Peru. Durham, Duke University Press, 2008, 225 pp.
César Augusto de Assis Silva | Cultura surda: agentes religiosos e a construção de uma identidade
Authors: Cavalheiro Andrea de Moraes
Published: May 2022

ASSIS SILVA, César Augusto de. Cultura surda: agentes religiosos e a construção de uma identidade. São Paulo: Terceiro Nome, 2012, 248 pp.
Laura Giraudo e Juan Martín-Sachez (Editores) | La Ambivalente Historia del Indigenismo: Campo Interamericano y Trayectorias Nacionales, 1940-1970
Authors: Aires Max Maranhão Piorsky
Published: May 2022

GIRAUDO, Laura e MARTÍN-SACHEZ, Juan (Editores). La Ambivalente Historia del Indigenismo: Campo Interamericano y Trayectorias Nacionales, 1940-1970. Lima, Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, 2011, 295 pp.
Mobilidades, encantamentos e pertença: o mundo ainda está rogando, porque ainda não acabou
Authors: De Godoi Emília Pietrafesa
Published: May 2022

Este artigo explora a intrincada trama de relações tecidas por cab- oclos e negros que, no esforço de tornar a vida possível, fazem várias conversões étnico-políticas e econômicas. Pretende-se mostrar como essas transformações – de agricultores-pescadores em trabalhadores nas grandes metrópoles e de caboclos e negros em quilombolas – se processam sem desarticular inteiramente um mundo regido por relações de obrigações mútuas entre vizinhos e parentes. Propõe-se que essas relações formam vicinalidades que se espraiam para além dos povoados, chegando a São Luís e a São Paulo, onde as casas são extensões de uma “casa fundadora” presente no lugar de partida. São tratados aspectos fundamentais da coabitação – como a “criação” das crianças – que incidem na constituição da pessoa. O que está em pauta é que tanto as relações entre pessoas, como entre casas e lugares de vida, são relações de constituição mútua e a lembrar disso, estão os encantados evocando uma ética que rege as relações entre pessoas e também entre estas e determinados lugares.
“O meu avô deu a ayahuasca para o Mestre Irineu”: reflexões sobre a entrada dos índios no circuito urbano de consumo de ayahuasca no Brasil
Authors: Labate Beatriz Caiuby , Coutinho Tiago
Published: May 2022

Este artigo faz uma reflexão sobre a entrada dos índios no circuito urbano da ayahuasca. Descrevemos o processo de contato de diferentes populações indígenas, tais como os Kaxinawa, Guarani, Apurinã, Kuntanawa e Yawanawa com as religiões ayahuasqueiras e os neoayahuasqueiros. Observamos a reivindicação de alguns destes grupos de que teriam sido os responsáveis por introduzir a ayahuasca ao Mestre Irineu, o fundador do Santo Daime. Contemplamos a penetração do discurso de alguns destes atores no debate público, tentando entender sua reinvindicação de participação indígena no processo de reconhecimento da ayahuasca como patrimônio cultural imaterial junto ao Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional. Analisamos em que medida a entrada dos índios neste circuito, ou a participação de não índios em cerimônias em aldeias no Acre, está reconfigurando o campo religioso ayahuasqueiro brasileiro.
Antropologia urbana (em língua) portuguesa: entrevista com Graça Índias Cordeiro
Authors: Frúgoli Jr. Heitor , Aderaldo Guilhermo André , Rodrigues Weslei Estradiote
Published: May 2022

Antropologia urbana (em língua) portuguesa: entrevista com Graça Índias Cordeiro
ARAÚJO, Ana Carvalho Ziller; CARVALHO, Ernesto Ignacio de & CARELLI, Vincent (orgs.). Vídeo nas Aldeias 25 anos: 1986-2011.
Authors: Lopes André
Published: May 2022

ARAÚJO, Ana Carvalho Ziller; CARVALHO, Ernesto Ignacio de & CARELLI, Vincent (orgs.). Vídeo nas Aldeias 25 anos: 1986-2011. Olinda/ pe, Vídeo nas Aldeias, 2011, 256 pp.
RAMOS, Alcida Rita (org.). Constituições nacionais e povos indígenas
Authors: Amato Lucas Fucci
Published: May 2022

RAMOS, Alcida Rita (org.). Constituições nacionais e povos indígenas. Belo Horizonte, Ed. UFMG, 2012, 238 pp.
Cohort Component Population Estimates for Ireland, 1911–1920: a New County-Level Dataset for Use in Historical Demography
Authors: Colvin Christopher L. , McLaughlin Eoin , Richmond Kyle J. J.
Published: May 2022

This article introduces the new dataset Cohort Component Population Estimates for Ireland, 1911–1920 (www.doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-854673). The dataset provides vital statistics and cohort component population estimates at a spatially-disaggregated level for the island of Ireland for the period 1911–1920. The raw data were digitised by the authors using official UK government statistics. The population estimates were then derived by the cohort component method. These data provide novel intercensal population estimates at the county level that will be beneficial for researchers working in historical demography, as well as in economic and social history. The data provided can be readily reused and extended by other researchers to produce further series and indicators. An example application of the data in this manner is Colvin and McLaughlin (2021), who combine these population estimates with mortality statistics from the Spanish flu pandemic to demonstrate how demographic composition affects the interpretation of data on public health crises.
Effect of rapid cold stamping on the precipitation and mechanical properties of Al–Cu–Mg alloy
Authors: Fan Yunan , Qi Fugang
Published: May 2022

High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile tests were used to investigate the effects of rapid cold stamping deformation on the precipitation and mechanical properties of spray-formed fine-grained Al–Cu–Mg
alloy during aging. The number of longplate S′ phases in peak-aged samples evidently increases with increasing number of rapid cold stamping passes. After two passes of rapid cold stamping, the distribution of long-plate S′ phases in the samples is evidently uneven, with high density
in some areas and low density in some areas. The S′ phases are refined, the number is further increased, and the distribution is uniform after four passes of rapid cold stamping deformation. The overall performance of the material is excellent. The tensile strength, yield strength, and
elongation are 512 MPa, 453 MPa, and 11.2%, respectively.
Arginine and chitosan modified magnetic nanoparticles in ciprofloxacin delivery: A comparative, characterization andin vitrorelease study
Authors: Hussein-Al-Ali Samer Hasan , Abudoleh Suha Mujahed , Abdallah Abualassal Qais Ibrahim , Abudayeh Zead Helmi , Aldalahmeh Yousef , Hussein Mohd Zobir
Published: May 2022

Recently, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have become great potential nanocarriers for drugs and biomaterials. Chitosan (Chi) and Arginine (Arg) were utilized to coat magnetite nanoparticles to produce Chi-IONPs and Arg-IONPs. The preparation Chi-IONPs and Arg-IONPs was carried out by a two-step process. Initially, magnetite (Fe3O4) was prepared from Fe+2and Fe+3ions which were added into a solution of soda by a co-precipitation method. In the second step, prepared IONPs were coated with Chi and Arg polymers. The Chi-IONPs and Arg-IONPs were then conjugated with ciprofloxacin (Cip) to produce Cip-Chi-IONPs and Cip-Arg-IONPs nanocomposites. Characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Zeta Potential determination, vibrating-sample magnetometery (VSM), UV-Vis spectroscopy and cytotoxicity. From the XRD, the plane (311) of magnetic nanoparticles remained without shift, indicating that they remained in the structure as the core of the carrier. The Chi and Arg polymers bound to IONPs were estimated by calculating the difference in weight loss by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The loading of Cip to the IONPs was confirmed by FTIR analysis. The percent loading of Cip onto the Chi-IONPs and Arg-IONPs was measured using UV-Vis spectroscopy, and found to be around 15% and 9%, respectively. The size of Cip-Chi-IONPs and Cip-Arg-IONPs nanocomposites were ~13 nm, which was measured by TEM. From the VSM experiment, the Ms saturation value for IONPs, Cip-Chi-IONPs and Cip-Arg-IONPs was 79 emu/g, 38 emu/g, and 26 emu/g, respectively, and field coercivity (Hc) for each was each 7.37, 16.12 and 13.69 Gauss, respectively. In the release study, Cip-Arg-IONPs demonstrated a faster rate of release compared with Cip-Chi-IONPs and followed a second order kinetic mode with diffusion mechanism. In the cytotoxicity study for Cip-Chi-IONPs and Cip-Arg-IONPs nanocomposites, the results showed that there were no toxic properties up to 100μg/mL. This work showed that the development of Cip-Chi-IONPs and Cip-Arg-IONPs nanocomposites have a great potential for use as drug delivery systems.
Gravitational Collision of Small Nonspherical Particles: Swept Volumes of Prolate and Oblate Spheroids in Calm Air
Authors: Gavze Ehud , Khain Alexander
Published: May 2022

The aggregation rate of ice crystals depends on their shape and intercrystal relative velocity. Unlike spherical particles, the nonspherical ones can have various orientations relative to the gravitational force in the vertical direction and can approach each other at many different angles. Furthermore, the fall velocity of such particles could deviate from the vertical direction velocity. These properties add to the computational complexity of nonspherical particle collisions. In this study, we derive general mathematical expressions for gravity-induced swept volumes of spheroidal particles. The swept volumes are shown to depend on the particles’ joint orientation distribution and relative velocities. Assuming that the particles are Stokesian prolate and oblate spheroids of different sizes and aspect ratios, the swept volumes were calculated and compared to those of equivalent volume spheres. Most calculated swept volumes were larger than the swept volumes of equivalent spherical particles, sometimes by several orders of magnitude. This was due to both the complex geometry and the side drift, experienced by spheroids falling with their major axes not parallel to gravity. We expect that the collision rate between nonspherical particles is substantially higher than that of equivalent volume spheres because the collision process is nonlinear. These results suggest that the simplistic approach of equivalent spheres might lead to serious errors in the computation of the collision rate.
Potential Vorticity and Instability in the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent West of the Galápagos Archipelago
Authors: Jakoboski Julie , Todd Robert E. , Owens W. Brechner , Karnauskas Kristopher B. , Rudnick Daniel L.
Published: May 2022

The Galápagos Archipelago lies on the equator in the path of the eastward flowing Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC). When the EUC reaches the archipelago, it upwells and bifurcates into a north and south branch around the archipelago at a latitude determined by topography. Since the Coriolis parameter (f) equals zero at the equator, strong velocity gradients associated with the EUC can result in Ertel potential vorticity (Q) having sign opposite that of planetary vorticity near the equator. Observations collected by underwater gliders deployed just west of the Galápagos Archipelago during 2013–16 are used to estimate Q and to diagnose associated instabilities that may impact the Galápagos Cold Pool. Estimates of Q are qualitatively conserved along streamlines, consistent with the 2.5-layer, inertial model of the EUC by Pedlosky. The Q with sign opposite of f is advected south of the Galápagos Archipelago when the EUC core is located south of the bifurcation latitude. The horizontal gradient of Q suggests that the region between 2°S and 2°N above 100 m is barotropically unstable, while limited regions are baroclinically unstable. Conditions conducive to symmetric instability are observed between the EUC core and the equator and within the southern branch of the undercurrent. Using 2-month and 3-yr averages, e-folding time scales are 2–11 days, suggesting that symmetric instability can persist on those time scales.

Significance Statement

The Pacific Ocean contains fast-moving currents near the equator and below the surface that result in instabilities and mixing. The Galápagos Archipelago lies directly in the path of the eastward-flowing Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent. There are few observations of what happens to the current when it reaches the Galápagos Archipelago, so theories and models of the instabilities and mixing resulting from these strong currents have not been well verified. The Repeat Observations by Gliders in the Equatorial Region (ROGER) project deployed autonomous underwater gliders to observe the current system in this region. The results show that a range of instabilities may be responsible for the cold sea surface temperature of the Galápagos Cold Pool and the generation of tropical instability waves.
Quantification of Rare Earth Elements in the Parts Per Million Range: A Novel Approach in the Application of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
Authors: Martin Madhavi , Martin Rodger C. , Andrews Hunter B. , Allman Steve , Brice Deanne , Martin Samir , Andre Nicolas
Published: May 2022

This work extends a previous percentage level concentration study of the optical emission spectra for six rare earth elements, europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), lanthanum (La), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), and samarium (Sm), along with the transition metal, yttrium (Y) using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The concentration of these six rare earth elements and yttrium has been attempted for the first time systematically down to parts per million (ppm) concentration levels ranging from 30 to 300 ppm. The authors have developed multivariate models for each element capable of predicting concentration with acceptable to excellent levels of accuracy. Additionally, partial least squares regression coefficients were used to identify key spectral features able to be used in this lower concentration regime. This study has demonstrated that it is conceivable to quantify the six rare earth elements along with yttrium at low concentrations in the parts per million levels.
Humanizing work in the digital age: Lessons from socio-technical systems and quality of working life initiatives
Authors: Guest David , Knox Angela , Warhurst Chris
Published: May 2022

New and residual challenges related to digital technology, COVID-19, precarious employment and scientific management are a reminder of research published in the early years of Human Relations that laid the foundation for socio-technical systems theory and its later conceptual offspring, the quality of working life. Analysing the evolution, challenges, legacy and lessons of socio-technical systems and quality of working life, we develop guiding principles for the theoretical development and practical implementation of socio-technical systems and quality of working life for the 21st century. These principles are needed to optimize the benefits of new technology and improve job quality. They would enable an effective and sustained humanization of work through stakeholder involvement, inter-disciplinary partnerships and institutional support, producing positive outcomes for employees and employers as well as wider society.
Should I Stay (Open) or Should I Close? World Legislatures during the First Wave of Covid-19
Authors: Waismel-Manor Israel , Bar-Siman-Tov Ittai , Rozenberg Olivier , Levanon Asaf , Benoît Cyril , Ifergane Gal
Published: May 2022

Covid-19 has shocked governance systems worldwide. Legislatures, in particular, have been shut down or limited due to the pandemic, yet with divergence from one country to another. In this article, we report results from a cross-sectional quantitative analysis of legislative activity during the initial reaction to this shock and identify the factors accounting for such variation. Exploring legislatures across 159 countries, we find no relation between the severity of Covid-19 and limitations on legislatures’ operation, thus suggesting that legislatures are at risk of being shut down or limited due to policy “overreaction” and that a health risk may serve as an excuse for silencing them. However, we find that legislatures in democratic countries are relatively immune to this risk, while those in frail democracies are more exposed. In partially free countries, the use of technology can mitigate this risk. We also find that the coalitional features of the government may lead to legislatures’ closing.
Visual Rehabilitation After Retinal Prosthesis Implantation: An 18-month Case Report, From Candidate Selection to Follow-Up
Authors: Carignan Mathieu , Courchesne Marie , Cantin Sylvie , Moore Vincent , Poncet Frédérique
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Various retinal implants are being developed and appear to be a promising option for improving the visual capacities of individuals with retinal dystrophy. A multidisciplinary approach to both assessment of a candidate’s factors and rehabilitation could contribute to improved activity and participation. The purpose of this study was (i) to document the approach taken by a multidisciplinary team in the candidate selection process and in training in the use of the Argus II retinal prosthesis system (RPS), and (ii) to examine the effects of the RPS on sensory and mental functions and on activity and participation. Methods: An A1-B1-A2-B2 experimental case report was used, with repeated measures pre- and post-rehabilitation program design. The A phases represent the periods with the system off, whereas the B phases represent the periods with the system on. A 65-year-old man with retinitis pigmentosa and total blindness was followed by a multidisciplinary team for over 18 months. After receiving the retinal implant, he benefited from a 10-week rehabilitation program (twice per week; B1 phase). Results: Globally, the RPS improved vision in the B phases when the system was on and visual acuity was stable at 2.3 logMAR (functional blindness). The participant’s mental and neuromusculoskeletal function scores were generally stable throughout the data collection periods. Lower performance on some measures at the end of phase B2 coincided with a negative mood. Discussion: Use of the RPS improved activity, but this did not transfer into greater participation in the living environment. Despite efforts made by the rehabilitation team to manage the user’s expectations concerning the RPS, the interventions reactivated his grieving over his vision loss. Implications for Practitioners: New technologies can make users dream of unrealistic possibilities, and managing their expectations requires problem solving supported by a multidisciplinary team.
A case report: Establishment of a frontal sinus drainage canal and reconstruction of the orbitofrontal region after removal of a giant frontal sinus osteoma
Authors: Yang Nan , Bu Lingxue , Shan Xiaoyang , Huang Yan , Liu Fengzhi , Sun Huibin , Wang Shuangyi
Published: May 2022

After removal of a large frontal sinus osteoma in this case, the contralateral nasofrontal canal was opened to drain the intraoperative fluid and prevent infection, and the defect in the orbitofrontal area was restored using a titanium mesh designed with 3D printing technology.
Protected by the Emotions of the Group: Perceived Emotional Fit and Disadvantaged Group Members’ Activist Burnout
Authors: Vandermeulen Daan , Hasan Aslih Siwar , Shuman Eric , Halperin Eran
Published: May 2022

Psychological processes that hamper activism, such as activist burnout, threaten social change. We suggest that perceived emotional fit (i.e., perceiving to experience similar emotions as other disadvantaged group members) may buffer activist burnout by mitigating the deleterious effects of stressors that are associated with partaking in collective action. We investigated the relation between perceived emotional fit and activist burnout using three-wave longitudinal survey data of Palestinians in the context of the Palestinian–Israeli conflict. We hypothesized that both higher general tendencies to fit emotionally with the ingroup (general perceived emotional fit) and increases over time in perceived emotional fit (change perceived emotional fit) would relate negatively to activist burnout. Supporting our hypotheses, both aspects of emotional fit were associated with lower activist burnout, even when controlling for classical predictors of collective action. This research highlights perceived emotional fit as an additional dimension to the role of emotions for sustainable collective action.
Incentives and Existing Stratification: Social Capital, College Planning, and a Promise Scholarship Program
Authors: Farmer-Hinton Raquel L. , Kellogg B. Tait
Published: May 2022

Background:

Promise programs have grown exponentially. Yet, we are still learning how systemic barriers affect promise program students’ abilities to meet promise program requirements and their postsecondary goals.

Objective:

The Degree Project (TDP) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, was the nation’s first randomized control trial of a promise scholarship. Thirty-six high schools were assigned to control or treatment group and the TDP scholarship was available to any of the 2,587 ninth-grade students in the 18 treatment schools. As students experienced senior year, our aim was to understand more about the mechanisms in a promise context, such as the extent to which promise students in their senior year of high school would share any particular norms and resources received and used toward postsecondary planning and preparation that non-TDP students would not.

Research Design:

In fall 2011, a randomized group of ninth graders (class of 2015) were notified of TDP’s US$12,000 promise scholarship and their promise scholarship eligibility if merit requirements (e.g., 2.5 grade point average [GPA], 90% attendance) were met; a control group of ninth graders were not eligible. As the class of 2015 reached their senior year of high school, we interviewed a subset of TDP and non-TDP students to explore their perceptions of their senior year experiences. Using social capital theory, promise program research, and college access literature, we explored their perceptions, including the extent to which between-school and within-school inequities shaped the norms and resources received and used toward scholarship eligibility and their postsecondary goals.

Findings:

Study findings unpack how TDP students and non-TDP students navigate schools that are rife with both historical and contemporary inequitable arrangements that influence senior year course-taking, supplemental programming, and postsecondary advising—even for those students who were promised money for college in ninth grade. Study findings also unpack how TDP students’ access to supportive mechanisms and networks of support were uneven, even within the same school, which particularly affected students who needed the most support to meet their postsecondary aims and TDP scholarship requirements.

Conclusion:

Although the TDP scholarship was made available to students in their ninth-grade year, mechanisms and networks of support were not universally available and timely enough to disrupt the layers of inequalities within TDP schools and between high schools. Recommendations include disrupting existing inequitable arrangements and offering a more layered, systematic approach to introducing college-related information (personalized, hands-on guidance and support beyond scholarship messaging).
Review essay: Perils of aggregating a global zeitgeist
Authors: Schaefer Peter D
Published: May 2022

This essay reviews the works ‘The Digital Frontier: Infrastructures of Control on the Global Web’ (Indiana University Press) by Sangeet Kumar and ‘The Platform Society: Public Values in a Connective World’ (Oxford University Press) by José van Dijck, Thomas Poell, and Martijn de Waal as recent contributions to the field of global internet studies. The essay explores how each book formulates the interplay between technological infrastructures and the social architecture that guide human behavior in contemporary digital ecosystems.
A Low-fidelity Simulator for the Development of Vascular Ligation Skills
Authors: Perez-Rivero Juan José , Barbosa-Callejas Ileana María , Delgado-Garduño Lilia , Rodríguez-Buitrón Lidia , Lavalle-Avalos Amira Eunice , Herrera-Barragan José Antonio
Published: May 2022

Training simulators can facilitate the acquisition and development of basic surgical skills, and they constitute a safe and humane method that does not harm animals in the process. The objective of this work was to create and evaluate a low-cost simulator to help undergraduate students of veterinary medicine acquire and practise vascular ligation skills. A training model was made by using easily accessible and inexpensive materials. Fifteen students, without prior surgical experience, each performed the orchiectomy technique on the simulator seven times. The emphasis was on performing vascular ligatures in both testicles of the simulator ( n = 14), in two different scenarios: firstly, with the contents of the blood vessels not under pressure; and secondly, with the syringe plunger depressed by 1 ml to pressurise the blood vessels. The outcomes of the procedure in the simulator were based on three qualitative criteria: Correct (no ‘bleeding’), Sufficient (light ‘bleeding’) and Incorrect (heavy ‘bleeding’). After the seventh attempt, all participants were able to perform vascular ligatures with at least a score of Sufficient in both scenarios. By the 10th ligature attempt, they were all able to perform the procedure with a score of Correct ( p < 0.05). There was a trend toward a decrease in the time taken to carry out the procedure as learning progress was made during training, with this being significant from the 12th attempt ( p < 0.05). The use of this low-cost simulator represents a useful didactic tool, which supports the acquisition and practise of manual skills by using methods that do not involve the use of animals. In addition, this training simulator could be useful in distance learning, in view of the ready accessibility of the materials required for its construction.
Intensive Care Unit- Acquired Weakness and Hospital Functional Mobility Outcomes Following Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Patients with COVID-19: A Single-Centre Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Núñez-Seisdedos Maria N. , Lázaro-Navas Irene , López-González Luís , López-Aguilera Lorena
Published: May 2022

Background: Acute physical function outcomes in ICU survivors of COVID-19 pneumonia has received little attention. Critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection who require invasive mechanical ventilation may undergo greater exposure to some risk factors for ICU-acquired weakness (ICUAW). Purpose: To determine incidence and factors associated with ICUAW at ICU discharge and gait dependence at hospital discharge in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: Single-centre, prospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary hospital in Madrid, Spain. We evaluated ICUAW with the Medical Research Council Summary Score (MRC-SS). Gait dependence was assessed with the Functional Status Score for the ICU (FSS-ICU) walking subscale. Results: During the pandemic second wave, between 27 July and 15 December, 2020, 70 patients were enrolled. ICUAW incidence was 65.7% and 31.4% at ICU discharge and hospital discharge, respectively. Gait dependence at hospital discharge was observed in 66 (54.3%) patients, including 9 (37.5%) without weakness at ICU discharge. In univariate analysis, ICUAW was associated with the use of neuromuscular blockers (crude odds ratio [OR] 9.059; p = 0.01) and duration of mechanical ventilation (OR 1.201; p = 0.001), but not with the duration of neuromuscular blockade (OR 1.145, p = 0.052). There was no difference in corticosteroid use between patients with and without weakness. Associations with gait dependence were lower MRC-SS at ICU discharge (OR 0.943; p = 0.015), older age (OR 1.126; p = 0.001), greater Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 1.606; p = 0.011), longer duration of mechanical ventilation (OR 1.128; p = 0.001) and longer duration of neuromuscular blockade (OR 1.150; p = 0.029). Conclusions: In critically ill COVID-19 patients, the incidence of ICUAW and acute gait dependence were high. Our study identifies factors influencing both outcomes. Future studies should investigate optimal COVID-19 ARDS management and impact of dyspnea on acute functional outcomes of COVID-19 ICU survivors.
Predicting Policy: A Psycholinguistic Artificial Intelligence in the United Nations
Authors: Gandall Kimo , Chhouk Juliana , Wang Alex , Knight Logan
Published: May 2022

In organizational theory, institutionalists generally make predictions of corresponding context and policy outcome based on structural processes. Psychoanalytic theory, in contrast, focuses on the rhetorical framing rather than the environment of a policy for predictive outcomes. This study aims to explore the debate over policy prediction by developing a supervised machine learning model to predict for policy success and context in the United Nations (UN). Through data collected with a python web scraper on all UN meetings in the General Assembly (GA) and Security Council (SC) between 1994 and 2020, we parse motions, policies, and conflict indicators, before passing meeting records through the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) psycholinguistic algorithm. Next, we build 12 different machine learning models to predict for policy passage and context using preprocessed motion and LIWC data; results demonstrate that the psychoanalytic models better predicted for both context and policy outcomes than the institutionalist models, suggesting that the classical political axiom, “actions speak louder than words,” may not be supported by the empirical evidence.
Two-dimensional quantitative analysis model with a shallow spall of rolling element bearing based on early weak multi-impact characteristics
Authors: Shi Huaitao , Li Tao , Bai Xiaotian , Niu Siqi
Published: May 2022

The shallow spall faults will lead to multiple additional contact phenomenon of rolling element passing through the defects in the early stage of crack-to-spall evolution. The existing bearing defect analysis models ignore this stage. In this paper, the mechanism of the shallow spall fault is analyzed, and the width and depth of the spall are quantitatively studied. Based on Hertz contact theory, a multi-impact dynamic model of raceway spall damage on the rolling element bearing outer ring is constructed by time-varying contact displacement and force. The dynamic response of raceway spall damage on the rolling element bearing outer ring is calculated by the Runge–Kutta method under different spall sizes and compared with the existing dual-impact model. The results show that the model accurately describes the phenomenon of weak multi-impact in early stage of the shallow spall. The two-dimensional spall including spall width and depth are quantified in this model, compared with the limitation of the dual-impact model which only quantifies the spall width. This model fills in the blank of the mechanism model with early weak multi-impact characteristics of bearing defect evolution in the whole life. It is of great significance for rolling element bearing damage degree evaluation.
Numerical investigation of the slipstream characteristics of a maglev train in a tunnel
Authors: Liu Zhen , Zhou Dan , Soper David , Chen Guang , Hemida Hassan , Guo Zijian , Li Xianli
Published: May 2022

High-speed maglev trains operate at higher speeds than conventional high-speed trains. This has implications on intensified aerodynamic issues, such as the transition between open air running and entering into a tunnel. In this paper, numerical simulation of a maglev train entering a tunnel is carried out using IDDES methods (based on SST k-omega model) to analyze the changing slipstream. The peaks and fluctuations of the slipstream are analyzed, together with the transient wake characteristics and TKE (turbulent kinetic energy) distributions. The influence of train nose length on the slipstream and its associated characteristics inside tunnels is also investigated in this paper. It was found that as the maglev train enters the tunnel, the wake slipstream at measuring points close to tunnel entrance increases significantly then decreases slightly with the increase of distance to tunnel entrance. Overall, the fluctuation and magnitude of slipstream inside tunnel is larger than that on open line, more specifically, the maximum TKE generated inside tunnel is. 7.62% larger than that on the open line at contour X = 3 H behind the train tail. Besides it takes longer time for the slipstream inside tunnel to return to the initial condition. These phenomena could be explained by that the scale of vortex structure formed behind the train tail is larger, the developing distance of the wake vortices in the streamwise direction is longer and the TKE generated is more significant inside tunnel. It was also found that increasing the nose length could effectively decrease the spatial scale and TKE of the wake vortices, which resulted on reducing the peak and pulsation of wake slipstream. Comparing to that of 5.4 m, the peak of the wake slipstream of the maglev trains with the 7.4 m and 9.4 m nose lengths at Y = 0.235 m(0.385) is reduced by approximately 23.7%(58%) and 35.9%(82.2%) on open field, and by about 3.6%(4.7%) and 14%(18.5%) inside tunnel. Besides, the maximum TKE at contour X = 2H/3H/5H behind the train tail decreases about 14.4%/10.7%/11.3% and 51%/31.5%/18% as the nose length increase to 7.4 m and 9.4 m respectively.
Internal inflow study on a high-pressure centrifugal compressor with shroud and backside cavity in a compressed air energy storage system
Authors: Meng Chong , Zuo Zhitao , Sun Jianting , Guo Wenbin , Liang Qi , Chen Haisheng
Published: May 2022

The internal flow field and loss distributions are quite complicated in the high-pressure compressor with shroud and backside cavity applied in the compressed air energy storage (CAES) system. It’s necessary to develop physical understandings on the internal flow and losses inside the impeller, shroud cavity and backside cavity by the physical synergy relationship between some key quantities, which is innovatively applied to the internal flow of a high-pressure compressor used in CAES. First, the author successfully built a high-pressure centrifugal compressor test rig for CAES, and carried out the high pressure performance experiment for the first time. The aerodynamic performance of the high-pressure centrifugal compressor is compared by experiment and calculation. Then, the main flow characteristics and loss generation inside the impeller has been studied by analyzing the synergy between velocity and temperature gradient, and some other important quantities. And, the leakage flow characteristics inside the shroud cavity and backside cavity has been discussed by analyzing the synergy between velocity and pressure gradient, and some other key quantities. It is found that the regions where the high energy losses and entropy generation locate correspond to the relatively high synergy angle. At last, the interaction between leakage flow and main flow has been researched through clarifying the loss of temperature and radial velocity. It is found that there exit two boundary lines for leakage flow injecting into main flow.
English ‘iron rod’ welfare versus Italian ‘colander’ welfare: understanding the intra-European mobility strategies of unaccompanied young migrants and refugees
Authors: Allsopp Jennifer
Published: May 2022

The experiences of unaccompanied young migrants and refugees challenge the idea of a common European asylum policy but also show that traditional welfare typologies used to account for differences in welfare across states fail to account for the lived experiences of this group. They do not consider the shifting categorizations of young migrants in institutional terms, nor how the stratification of their social rights plays out over place and time. Moreover, current welfare typologies give inadequate attention to the increasing intersection of the labour market and opportunities for regularization, the relative importance and role of the state in the welfare mix, and the nexus of access to welfare and immigration enforcement. This article draws on qualitative longitudinal research in England and Italy to argue that rather than experiencing welfare through the lens of Liberal (England) versus Conservative or Mediterranean (Italy) regimes, unaccompanied young migrants and refugees in these countries are better understood as navigating different systems of ‘iron rod welfare’ and ‘colander welfare’. In England, the nexus between welfare and legal status is policed by an iron rod on one side of which exists a plethora of social rights, but on the other the risk of a proactive detention and deportation regime. In Italy, meanwhile, the holes of the colander denote gaps in protection but also possibilities to navigate alternative welfare strategies independently of the state. The ability to act independently of the state is an important but under-theorized capability for this population, for whom the state is a more ambiguous actor than is traditionally considered in European social policy.
Extent of Financial Inclusion in Haryana: A District-level Analysis
Authors: Arora Neha , Kumar Naresh
Published: May 2022

The present article investigates the level of financial inclusion in Haryana by creating a multi-dimensional financial inclusion index. The study constructed the index for the district of Haryana in 2010 and 2020. After an extensive review of literature, the study takes into consideration three basic variables as a representation of extent of financial inclusion, namely penetration of banking, accessibility of banking services and usage of the banking system. The study confirmed that the level of financial inclusion is quite high in Gurugram district but the situation is alarming in Mewat district indicating a wide inter district disparity in financial inclusion. Thus, the study advocated an inclusive policy for financial inclusion to bring all the segments of the community under the scope of the formal monetary arrangement. Further, setting up of digital set-up to remote and rural areas, opening of more financial literacy centres and more liberal credit policies can help to fulfil the true spirit of financial sector reforms.
The Evolution of Access to Education Through Landmark Legislation, Court Cases, and Policy Initiatives Setting Precedent for The Gary B. Court Decision
Authors: Nagro Sarah A. , Markelz Andrew , Davis Richelle , Macedonia Anna , Monnin Kevin
Published: May 2022

Access to education for all students has been long sought. Once defined as physical access to a school building, the concept of access has evolved since Brown v. Board of Education. The purpose of this policy review, conducted through archival research, is to examine the evolution of access to K–Grade 12 education for all students, with an emphasis on students with disabilities who are general education students first, to understand the implications of the 2020 U.S. 6th Circuit Court of Appeals Gary B. vs. Whitmer decision. For the first time, a federal court ruled that the constitution affords all students “a fundamental right to a basic minimum education.” Specifically, the evolving concept of access to education for all students, including students with disabilities, across (a) the school building, (b) curricular opportunities, (c) education outcomes, and (d) a college- and career-ready curriculum is outlined using landmark K–Grade 12 federal education legislation, court cases, and policy initiatives. Taken together, a basic minimum education includes access to challenging academic learning objectives, an emphasis on literacy, provision of educational materials of sufficient quantity and quality, and an adequate teacher workforce. Meeting these expectations assures genuine access to a public education for all students.
Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of a Proposed Farsi Version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index Using Item Response Theory
Authors: Yaghoubi Jami Parvaneh , Wind Stefanie A.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Although researchers have examined empathy among many populations worldwide, investigations of empathy among Farsi-speakers are limited. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) for Farsi-speakers (IRI-Farsi).

Methods

After translating, we explored psychometric properties of the IRI-Farsi with exploratory factor analysis and item response theory using a sample of Iranians ( N = 517).

Results

The IRI-Farsi appeared to exhibit a four-factor structure and acceptable item properties within each subscale. Moreover, the IRI-Farsi rating scale categories were generally ordered and distinct with emotion-triggering items as easier to endorse compared to more complex cognitively aroused statements.

Conclusions

Results support using the IRI to measure dispositional empathy in mainland Iran. Social work researchers can use these results to inform research and practice related to empathy in this population and design more effective interventions to increase awareness of empathic feelings and understanding for practitioners and clients.
Impact of Moderating Demographic Variables on a Health Intervention for People with Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Cabassa Leopoldo J. , Stefancic Ana , Chen Jun-Hong , Park Michael , Tuda Daniela , Hawes Mark R. , Guo Shenyang
Published: May 2022

Purpose: Healthy lifestyle interventions can improve the health of people with serious mental illness (SMI). Little is known whether demographic variables moderate the effectiveness of these interventions on health outcomes. Method: Data from an effectiveness trial of a peer-led healthy lifestyle intervention (PGLB) for people with SMI examine whether age, racial/ethnic minoritized status, and gender moderated the effectiveness of PGLB compared to usual care (UC) in achieving clinically significant improvements in weight, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction. Results: Compared to UC, PGLB was most beneficial for participants age 49 and younger for achieving clinically significant weight loss and for racial/ethnic minoritized communities for achieving clinically significant weight loss and reductions in CVD risk. Conclusions: These findings suggest the impact of healthy lifestyle interventions for people with SMI may not be uniform and adaptations may be needed to make these interventions responsive to the needs of diverse populations.
Finite wing effects on the energy harvesting from stall-induced oscillations
Authors: dos Santos Carlos Renan , Marques Flávio Donizeti
Published: May 2022

The modeling of aeroelastic harvesters usually employs methods for two-dimensional aerodynamics. Such convenient practice reflects the lack in the literature of efficient tools with low computational cost to assess unsteady and nonlinear aerodynamics loads accounting for three-dimensional wing effects. In this sense, the present work aims to fulfill this gap by developing a nonlinear unsteady lifting line to investigate finite wing effects on the power generation from stall-induced oscillations. The aerodynamic model links the Beddoes–Leishman dynamic stall method to a linear unsteady lifting line. The optimization of energy harvesters from stall-induced pitching oscillations is revisited considering the three-dimensional aerodynamic model. Results reveal that the three-dimensional harvester’s dynamic behavior may differ from the two-dimensional case, and the harvested power reduction is observed.
Community Participation In Tourism Employment: A Phased Evolution Model
Authors: Ma(马晓龙) Xiao Long , Yang(杨璐) Lu , Wang(王蓉) Rong , Dai(代美玲) Mei Ling
Published: May 2022

Rural residents’ enthusiasm and persistence for participation in tourism employment contribute to the sustainable development of destination tourism. Taking Majiagou village in Hebei Province as a case study, this research focused on changes to residents’ participation behavior in tourism employment, using unstructured interviews and observations. Bounded rational decision theory was applied to delineate the decision-making process of tourism employment participation. The results indicated that rural residents’ participation in tourism employment was subject to a dynamic process of change across three phases: trial participation, herd participation, and selective withdrawal. This evolution is specifically guided by an internal mechanism consisting of "tourism industry attributes—individual bounded rationality—individual employment decision-making.” The study provides an effective analytical framework for characterizing the behavior of rural residents in a tourism community and offers managerial implications for the government to improve the effectiveness and sustainability of community participation.
Joint Waterpipe and Cigarette Smoking as Key Correlate of History of Depression in Iranian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Abdollahpour Ibrahim , Golestannejad Zahra , Salimi Yahya , Nedjat Saharnaz , Aguilar-Palacioc Isabel , Mansournia Mohammad Ali , de Courten Maximilian
Published: May 2022

Research on the association between waterpipe smoking and depression is limited. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and adjusted associated correlates of depression among Iranian adult. We analyzed data from 974 participants of a population-based cross-sectional study enrolling 18-50-year-old residents of Tehran, Iran in 2015. Data on lifetime self-reported history of depression, smoking behaviors, socioeconomic status, self-rated health, physical activity, stressful life events as well as a number of relevant confounders was obtained . Logistic regression models were employed for estimating adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). The mean (SD) age of the study sample was 32.55 (8.58) years. Of 974 recruited adults, 52.36% were female. The lifetime prevalence of depression in the general population was 17.0%. In general, 21.77% and 24.79% of participant reported lifetime history of cigarette and waterpipe smoking, respectively. While only cigarette smoking (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: (1.04-3.61) and only waterpipe smoking (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: (.95-2.86) were significantly associated with depression, joint cigarette and waterpipe smoking (OR= 3.76, 95% CI: (1.99-6.08) was the strongest correlate of depression followed by female gender (OR = 3.28, 95% CI: (2.08-5.15) and poor self-rated health (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: (1.73-3.53). The prevalence of self-reported depression in general population of Tehran is considerably higher than its global mean. We reported joint cigarette and waterpipe smoking as a significant correlate with depression in the general population. Future health promotion interventions should highlight the disadvantages of joint cigarette and waterpipe smoking targeting adults and especially females.