bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards a Continuous Biometric System Based on ECG Signals Acquired on the Steering Wheel
Authors: Pinto João , Cardoso Jaime , Lourenço André , Carreiras Carlos
Published: September 2017

Electrocardiogram signals acquired through a steering wheel could be the key to seamless, highly comfortable, and continuous human recognition in driving settings. This paper focuses on the enhancement of the unprecedented lesser quality of such signals, through the combination of Savitzky-Golay and moving average filters, followed by outlier detection and removal based on normalised cross-correlation and clustering, which was able to render ensemble heartbeats of significantly higher quality. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Haar transform features were extracted and fed to decision methods based on Support Vector Machines (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbours (kNN), Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP), and Gaussian Mixture Models - Universal Background Models (GMM-UBM) classifiers, for both identification and authentication tasks. Additional techniques of user-tuned authentication and past score weighting were also studied. The method’s performance was comparable to some of the best recent state-of-the-art methods (94.9% identification rate (IDR) and 2.66% authentication equal error rate (EER)), despite lesser results with scarce train data (70.9% IDR and 11.8% EER). It was concluded that the method was suitable for biometric recognition with driving electrocardiogram signals, and could, with future developments, be used on a continuous system in seamless and highly noisy settings.
Educational Exodus: Stories of Korean Youth in the U.S.
Authors: Choi Hee , Kim Eunhyun
Published: September 2017

An increasing number of Korean early study abroad (ESA) students are spending some of their K-12 school years in the U.S. to continue their schooling. This typical social and educational phenomenon in Korea has surged since 2000. This study aims to investigate Korean ESA adolescents’ life experiences in the U.S., focusing on motives for ESA and challenges they have experienced during their staying in the U.S. A case narrative inquiry was adopted as a research methodology to examine in-depth life experiences of four focal students. For the primary method of data collection, this study employed longitudinal observation, individual interviews, and written documents. Findings indicated that various components were entangled in complex ways for explaining the students’ decision-making such as escaping from competitive Korean educational situation, improving English language competence, following their parents’ academic journey, and getting better education. However, it might not be a path without risks. In our study, the Korean ESA adolescents have faced various challenges and even agonies. This research will provide authentic and practical information for educators and teachers to understand this emerging group of students.
Factors Affecting Transportation Sector CO2 Emissions Growth in China: An LMDI Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Liang Yi , Niu Dongxiao , Wang Haichao , Li Yan
Published: September 2017

China has now become the largest country in carbon emissions all over the world. Furthermore, with transportation accounting for an increasing proportion of CO2 emissions year by year, the transportation sector has turned out to be one of the main sectors which possesses a high growth speed in CO2 emissions. To accurately analyze potentially influencing factors which accelerate the process of CO2 emissions of transportation sector in China, based on carbon accounting by the checklists method of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC), in this paper, we propose a decomposition model using Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition analysis technology and modified fixed growth rate method. Then effects of six influencing factors including energy structure, energy efficiency, transport form, transportation development, economic development and population size from 2001 to 2014 were quantitatively analyzed. Consequently, the results indicate that: (1) economic development accounts most for driving CO2 emissions growth of the transportation sector, while energy efficiency accounts most for suppressing CO2 emissions growth; (2) the pulling effects of natural gas, electricity and other clean energy consumption on CO2 emissions growth offset the inhibitory effects of traditional fossil fuels, making energy structure play a significant role in promoting CO2 emissions growth; (3) the inhibitory effects of railways and highways lead to inhibitory effects of transport form on CO2 emissions growth; (4) transportation development plays an obvious role in promoting CO2 emissions, while the effects of population size is relatively weaker compared with those of transportation development. Furthermore, the decomposition model of CO2 emissions factors in transport industry constructed in this paper can also be applied to other countries so as to provide guidance and reference for CO2 emissions analysis of transportation industry.
Sustainable Scheduling of Cloth Production Processes by Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm with Tabu-Enhanced Local Search
Authors: Zhang Rui
Published: September 2017

The dyeing of textile materials is the most critical process in cloth production because of the strict technological requirements. In addition to the technical aspect, there have been increasing concerns over how to minimize the negative environmental impact of the dyeing industry. The emissions of pollutants are mainly caused by frequent cleaning operations which are necessary for initializing the dyeing equipment, as well as idled production capacity which leads to discharge of unconsumed chemicals. Motivated by these facts, we propose a methodology to reduce the pollutant emissions by means of systematic production scheduling. Firstly, we build a three-objective scheduling model that incorporates both the traditional tardiness objective and the environmentally-related objectives. A mixed-integer programming formulation is also provided to accurately define the problem. Then, we present a novel solution method for the sustainable scheduling problem, namely, a multi-objective genetic algorithm with tabu-enhanced iterated greedy local search strategy (MOGA-TIG). Finally, we conduct extensive computational experiments to investigate the actual performance of the MOGA-TIG. Based on a fair comparison with two state-of-the-art multi-objective optimizers, it is concluded that the MOGA-TIG is able to achieve satisfactory solution quality within tight computational time budget for the studied scheduling problem.
Revisiting Ecosystem Services: Assessment and Valuation as Starting Points for Environmental Politics
Authors: Jadhav Adam , Anderson Sharolyn , Dyer Michael J. B. , Sutton Paul C.
Published: September 2017

The paradigm of ecosystem services (ES) and the methods of monetary valuation have become boundary objects, spanning disciplines and earning particular purchase in policy circles. However, the notion of ES and ES valuation have also been subjected to multiple critiques, ranging from their varying precision to the potential for neoliberalization of nature. This paper does not attempt to refute such critiques but rather revisits the potentials of the ES paradigm and the specific method of benefit transfer valuation for their utility as a form of environmental politics and sustainability practice. We find they have particular relevance in contexts where “data” are not readily available or are not legible to policy makers as well as where the imperative of “development” remains ideological. We argue for ES assessment and, specifically, rapid ES valuation as a first-pass tactic to inform evaluation of potentially environmentally degrading projects or environmental management. We demonstrate this using a simple benefit transfer analysis to offer an initial evaluation of (wet) landscape ES in a lightly touched estuary in Karnataka, India, where a state-backed proposal to develop an industrial shipping port is gathering steam. While we recognize and do not categorically reject critiques of the ES paradigm, we nonetheless argue for valuation as a starting point for politics that highlight and make visible ES benefits and users implicated by “development” and other kinds of environmental change.
Polar Bear Optimization Algorithm: Meta-Heuristic with Fast Population Movement and Dynamic Birth and Death Mechanism
Authors: Połap Dawid , Woz´niak Marcin
Published: September 2017

In the proposed article, we present a nature-inspired optimization algorithm, which we called Polar Bear Optimization Algorithm (PBO). The inspiration to develop the algorithm comes from the way polar bears hunt to survive in harsh arctic conditions. These carnivorous mammals are active all year round. Frosty climate, unfavorable to other animals, has made polar bears adapt to the specific mode of exploration and hunting in large areas, not only over ice but also water. The proposed novel mathematical model of the way polar bears move in the search for food and hunt can be a valuable method of optimization for various theoretical and practical problems. Optimization is very similar to nature, similarly to search for optimal solutions for mathematical models animals search for optimal conditions to develop in their natural environments. In this method. we have used a model of polar bear behaviors as a search engine for optimal solutions. Proposed simulated adaptation to harsh winter conditions is an advantage for local and global search, while birth and death mechanism controls the population. Proposed PBO was evaluated and compared to other meta-heuristic algorithms using sample test functions and some classical engineering problems. Experimental research results were compared to other algorithms and analyzed using various parameters. The analysis allowed us to identify the leading advantages which are rapid recognition of the area by the relevant population and efficient birth and death mechanism to improve global and local search within the solution space.
Land–Atmosphere Exchange of Water and Heat in the Arid Mountainous Grasslands of Central Asia during the Growing Season
Authors: Huang Xiaotao , Luo Geping , Wang Xinxin
Published: September 2017

Arid grassland ecosystems are widely distributed across Central Asia. However, there is a lack of research and observations of the land–atmosphere exchange of water and heat in the arid grasslands in this region, particularly over complex surfaces. In this study, systematic observations were conducted from 2013 to 2015 using an HL20 Bowen ratio and TDR300 and WatchDog1400 systems to determine the characteristics of these processes during the growing season (April–October) of the arid mountainous grasslands of this region. (1) The latent heat flux (Le) was lower than the sensible heat flux (He) overall, and a small transient decrease in Le was observed before its daytime maximum; daily comparative variations in both fluxes were closely related to vegetation growth. (2) Evapotranspiration (ET) showed substantial variation across different years, seasons and months, and monthly variations in ET were closely related to vegetation growth. Water condensation (Q) was low and relatively stable. Relatively high levels of soil water were measured in spring followed by a decreasing trend. The land–atmosphere exchange of water and heat during the growing season in this region was closely associated with phenology, available precipitation and terrain. This study provides data support for the scientific management of arid mountainous grasslands.
Variation of Aridity Index and the Role of Climate Variables in the Southwest China
Authors: Li Yanzhong , Feng Aiqing , Liu Wenbin , Ma Xieyao , Dong Guotao
Published: September 2017

Aridity index (AI), defined as the ratio of annual potential evapotranspiration to annual precipitation, has been widely applied in dividing climate regimes and monitoring drought events. Investigating variation of AI and the role of climate variables are thus of great significant for managing agricultural water resource and maintaining regional ecosystem stability. In this study, with the well-corrected precipitation records and the optimized parameters in estimating solar radiation, we investigated the variation of AI and its climatic attribution in the Southwest China using the observed climate records from 135 meteorological stations during the period of 1993–2015. The results showed that the AI increased significantly (0.0053 year−1, p < 0.05) from 1993 to 2015 and abruptly increasing occurred around 2002. Approximately 85% of stations showed an increasing trend, while 24% of stations reached up to a significant increasing level, which demonstrated that the Southwest China was getting drier for the recent 20 years. Overall, the AI was most sensitive to maximum air temperature and precipitation with values of 1.11 and −1.00, respectively. The following factors are vapor pressure, solar radiation, minimum temperature, and wind speed. The declining precipitation and ascending maximum air temperature were the key variables in dominating the increase in aridity index during the period of 1993–2015, which contribute 38.98% and 36.26% of AI variation, respectively. Our results highlighted the influence of climate variability on aridity in the Southwest China.
Cytonuclear Variation of Rubisco in Synthesized Rice Hybrids and Allotetraploids
Authors: Wang Xiaofei , Dong Qianli , Li Xiaochong , Yuliang Anzhi , Yu Yanan , Li Ning , Liu Bao , Gong Lei
Published: September 2017

The allopolyploid speciation process faces the genomic challenge of stoichiometric disruption caused by merging biparental nuclear genomes with only one (usually maternal) of the two sets of progenitor cytoplasmic genomes. The photosynthetic protein 1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) is composed of nuclear‐encoded small subunits (SSUs) and plastome‐encoded large subunits (LSUs), making it an ideal enzyme to explore the evolution process of cytonuclear accommodation. We investigated the variation of SSUs and their encodingrbcSgenes in synthetic nascent rice (Oryza sativaL.) allotetraploid lineages, formed from the parental subspeciesjaponicaandindicaof Asian rice. The evolution ofrbcSgenes in rice subspecies involves both mutation and concerted homogenization. Within reciprocal rice hybrids and allopolyploids, there was no consistent pattern of biased expression ofrbcSalleles or homeologs, nor was there biased gene conversion favoring the maternal gene copies. Instead, we observed an apparently stochastic pattern ofrbcSintergenomic gene conversions and biased expression ofrbcShomeologs. We conclude that in young rice allopolyploids, cytonuclear coordination either is not selectively favored because of high parental sequence similarity or because there has been insufficient time for subtle selective effects to become observable.
The Primary Market of Parking Places against the Background of the Primary Housing Market and Planning Policy on the Example of Krakow
Authors: Butryn Krzysztof , Preweda Edward
Published: September 2017

A decision taken on the primary market of real estate in parallel with the decision to purchase a dwelling, it is often the purchase of a parking space. As part of this work there were presented forms of providing space for parking, mostly encountered in practice. In the following, there were carried out the characterization of the primary market of parking spaces on the example of Krakow. There was made an attempt to indicate the potential attributes of price-setting for the valuation of the unit value of the discussed objects. Studies have shown that the price of parking spaces are formed in a different way than the market for residential and largely depend on individual factors, dependent on the sales policy developers. There were also indicated the difficulties that meets a real estate appraiser, whose task is to measure the market value of the parking space. The analysis also included the resolutions of existing planning documents in shaping the requirements for the number of parking spaces for multi-family residential areas in Krakow. Overview of planning documents from the Krakow, points to trends in the rules of applicable local spatial management plans in relation to the required number of parking spaces for newly established housing investment. At the same time in most parts of the city there is no planning guidelines regarding the subject matter.
The Verification of the Modernization of the Real Estate Cadastre in the Context of the Quality of Cadastral Data – Case Study
Authors: Mika Monika
Published: September 2017

The aim of the modernization is to improve the quality of the collected data. That is necessary especially in those areas where cadastral maps are used in the scale of 1:2880. The most satisfactory results in the process of modernization are obtained on the basis of geodetic field measurements. The aim of the paper is to verify the work related to real estate cadastre modernization in the context of the quality of the cadastral data collected in 1999–2001. This paper presents the results of surveying, which aim was to check whether the data contained in the register of land are a reflection of the facts boundaries and surface parcels. In the analyzes the materials of selected areas from state resources were used. The verification of graphic materials (maps) and descriptive (areas of plots) obtained from the District Office carried out in this paper showed a satisfactory level of data compliance. Factual status on the ground, in most cases, corresponds to the existing in extracts from the land registry, created on the basis of the land and buildings registry modernization in 1999–2001. These data correspond to the areas calculated from the results of the 2016 direct measurements.
Analysis of Geodetic Control Points Density Depending on the Land Cover and Relief – the Opoczno District Case Study
Authors: Pokonieczny Krzysztof , Bielecka Elzbieta , Kamiński Paweł
Published: September 2017

The main goal of this study is an analysis of statistical and spatial relationships between land cover, relief and geodetic control points’ location. We aimed at proving the previous results showing that in rural areas the density of horizontal geodetic points depends at least 50% on the land cover. Moreover, two clustering methods, k-means and Kohonen self-organising maps, were used to group surveying districts according to similarity in land use, relief and geodetic control density. The research methods includes statistical methods, ie. Pearson correlation and coefficient of determination computed by Pawlowski method as well as spatial autocorrelation expressed by Moran I global index. The results show that both clustering methods give very similar results, however for the k-means the surveying districts are more spatially clustered, than for Kohonen. The coefficient of determination R2 equals 0.652, what means that geodetic control points density in 65.2% explains by the percentage of built-up areas, forests and the standard deviation of elevation. The analysis was conducted for the 3rd order geodetic control points, for Opoczno district, located in the central part of Poland.
Determination of Survey Boat “Heave” Motion with the Use of RTS Technique
Authors: Popielarczyk Dariusz
Published: September 2017

The paper presents analysis of determination of vertical movement of the surveying boat called “heave” with the use of Robotized Total Station (RTS) technique. The classical geodetic Total Station was used for sub-centimeter calculation of water level changes during hydroacoustic measurements on the fragment of Vistula river behind the dam and hydropower in Włocławek in Poland. The power station work causes up to 1.7 m movement of vertical reference water surface in aspect of local bathymetric survey. The experimental, hydrographic surveys on the river were conducted where the water level was changing significantly over time depending on the operational schedule of the power plant. Verified hydrographic data had to be brought to the common water level. To determine the final water level, data on the height of the Robotized Total Station prism positioned on the boat during sounding was considered. The RTS technique with 0.02–0.05 m vertical accuracy proved to be very useful and essential in engineering inland bathymetric measurements.
Analysis of Land Markets Intended for Single-Family
Housing for Different Suburban Areas
Authors: Przewiezlikowska Anna
Published: September 2017

The aim of this article is the comparative description of two real estate markets based on the procedures for real
property valuation. The study concerned only the land, which was undeveloped, intended for single-family housing in two
communes located in the district of Krakow and three communes from the district of Kielce. The analyses were performed at
four-year intervals and the comparison of the real estate markets was conducted.
The first part contains the description of the areas covered by the research studies and the analyses of the real estate market
and market trends. The next stage includes the descriptions of the two test real properties which are the subject of valuation
and the fundamental comparative criterion. Then, the algorithms and methods of the calculations are presented. The practical
part contains the description of individual markets, the implementation of the analyses and calculations, the comparison of
the study areas and conclusions.
The comparative analysis of the performed simulations of valuations was carried out first and then followed by a collective
summary of descriptive statistics of all the real estate bases and the comparative description of the structures of the databases
showing meaningful differences between Krakow and Kielce region.
Preliminary Tests of Application of RV3 Robot for IMU
Testing and Calibration
Authors: Rapinski Jacek , Smieja Michal
Published: September 2017

The procedure of calibration of IMU sensors is a very challenging and time consuming task. In order to
simplify this process a proposition of an automatic station for IMU calibration is presented in this paper. The use of
industrial robot allows for unlimited test trajectory design with high precision reference data. In the article a test stand
based on the industrial Mitsubishi RV3 robot is presented. The preliminary test included series of movements of ADIS
16354 6DOF IMU sensor mounted on the robot header. The data gained simultaneously from the IMU sensor and the
the robot header trajectory were recorded with the PC. Next, the obtained sets of data in the time domain were translated
to the unified coordinates and compared. Finally the differences betwen information comming from both sources were
calculated and sensor gyro drift was estimated. The results presented in the the paper show that assumed conception
makes it possible to determine the drift of the gyroscope in dynamic conditions.
Research on Accuracy of a Boat Position Determination Using GNSS
Techniques in Kinematic Mode
Authors: Siejka Zbigniew
Published: September 2017

The main aim of this work is research on the use of satellite positioning GNSS – RTK / RTN techniques to
estimate the trajectory of a hydrographic boat. Modern hydrographic boat is the carrier of advanced bathymetry
system, integral with GNSS positioning techniques. The key elements of the correct execution of the hydroacoustic
survey are two elements: the height of the water surface and precise determination of the position in the moment of
performing depth measurement. Integrated Bathymetric System (ZSB) is installed on a floating platform which is in
constant motion. To obtain correct results of the hydroacoustic survey, it is necessary to know the precise (3D)
position of the platform. In this paper the author presented his own research on the precise determination of accurate
and reliable trajectory of a boat. The proposed method uses Real Time Kinematic (RTK) techniques of satellite
positioning GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems). The article presents examples of the results obtained during
the research work at the largest Polish river.
Experimental Analysis of Fin and Tube Heat Exchanger in Heating and Cooling Mode
Authors: Rubcov Artur , Paulauskaitė Sabina , Misevičiūtė Violeta
Published: September 2017

The paper provides the results of experimental tests of a wavy fin and tube heat exchanger used to heat (cool) air in a ventilation system when the wavy fin of the heat exchanger is dry and wet. The experimental tests, performed in the range of 1000<Re<4500 of the Reynolds number, determined the dependency of the heat transfer coefficient on the amount of supplied air with the varying geometry of the heat exchanger (the number of tube rows, the distance between fins, the thickness of the fin and the diameter of the tube). The experimental tests were performed on 9 heat exchangers in heating mode (dry fin) and 6 heat exchangers in cooling mode (wet fin). The ratio of heat transfer coefficient values when the fin is dry and wet varies from 0.79 to 1.12. After processing the results of the experimental tests, equations defining the dependency of the heat transfer coefficient on the amount of air and varying geometric parameters of the heat exchanger were derived, based on which 86% to 88% of the results do not exceed the 10% tolerance margin and the standard deviation varies from 3.5% to 4.3%.
Et les bâtards devinrent citoyens
Authors: Steinberg Sylvie
Published: September 2017

Cet article examine les raisons pour lesquelles l’intégration des enfants naturels au corps social des citoyens a été considérée comme un acquis de la Révolution française, alors même que les dispositions octroyant des droits nouveaux aux enfants illégitimes (loi du 12 brumaire an II) ont été peu appliquées et même largement réduites après Thermidor. La thèse ici avancée est que cette réaction s’est accompagnée d’un processus de privatisation du droit des personnes qui a amené à considérer la citoyenneté comme une dignité indépendante des conditions de la naissance mais aussi à isoler dans une sphère purement privée les inégalités générées par le droit civil.
La lignée et la nation
Authors: Courduriès Jérôme
Published: September 2017

À partir d’une enquête menée sur des couples français recourant à des mères porteuses en Amérique du Nord, cet article analyse la façon dont les individus composent avec des interdits juridiques, des blocages administratifs et des réprobations morales pour mener à bien des projets familiaux externalisant la grossesse hors du couple parental. Ces pratiques de parenté qui conduisent les candidats à la paternité et à la maternité à recourir à des techniques de reproduction assistées à l’étranger interrogent la porosité des frontières et donnent à voir de nombreux ajustements politiques et moraux. Les entretiens approfondis conduits avec les parents d’intention révèlent ainsi qu’il ne suffit pas que l’enfant ait un ou deux parents français pour obtenir à son tour la nationalité française. Le traitement juridique et administratif en France des enfants nés d’une gestation pour autrui conduit à ce qu’inscription dans une lignée et acquisition de la nationalité soient tout à fait déliées.
Faire la frontière dans les murs du laboratoire
Authors: Gourarier Mélanie
Published: September 2017

Aux États-Unis, l’usage d’un test ADN pour déterminer un lien de filiation dans les procédures de regroupement familial est devenu une nécessité en fonction des pays d’origine des requérants. Si ces tests n’ont pas de caractère obligatoire, ils sont toutefois systématiquement requis par les services de l’immigration pour les demandeurs en provenance de pays dans lesquels les actes de naissance sont suspectés de fraude. Aux vérités étatiques et personnelles est ainsi opposée une vérité prétendument absolue car neutre, celle de la biologie érigée en technique de contrôle. Reposant sur une ethnographie réalisée dans un centre de prélèvement de l’ADN situé à Brooklyn (New York), cet article interroge la « génétisation » des techniques de contrôle de l’immigration et son effet sur les histoires familiales et nationales.
L’État des origines
Authors: Roux Sébastien
Published: September 2017

La « question des origines » traverse les débats contemporains sur la filiation ; il faudrait aujourd’hui, pour la sécurité psychique des enfants, révéler les conditions initiales des conceptions et/ou les existences antérieures à leur arrivée au sein des familles. En se concentrant sur le cas de l’adoption internationale (notamment sur la base d’une enquête menée en Éthiopie), cette contribution interroge les effets sociaux et politiques de cette nouvelle injonction à la « transparence », et questionne les modalités pratiques qui permettent l’édiction d’une telle histoire. Mettre en mots « son » passé et y « accéder » sont autant d’actions individuelles pour partie conditionnées par la force des États et leur politique d’archivage, révélant l’épaisseur publique des récits (auto-)biographiques.
La croyance, la vérité et la ruse
Authors: Ogorzelec Laetitia
Published: September 2017

S’il est commun de dire que le sanctuaire de Lourdes s’est bâti sur la renommée de ses miracles et l’enregistrement de nombreuses déclarations de guérison, cet article vise à montrer qu’il s’est également construit sur une exigence de vérité. Mobilisée dans différents domaines (concernant aussi bien le diagnostic médical des guérisons que le récit historique des événements), cette exigence de vérité s’est traduite dans la conduite de diverses formes d’enquêtes qu’il importe de mieux comprendre parce qu’elles font apparaître une ruse de l’institution religieuse qui, se tenant en retrait, laisse agir des formes spécifiques de rationalité afin de déjouer les critiques mais aussi de renforcer sa position et son discours. L’article examine par conséquent comment se manifeste cette volonté de vérité dans l’histoire des événements de Lourdes, quelle cible elle se donne, qui la réclame et surtout qui est jugé capable de l’établir.
Le « Tianxia » selon Zhao Tingyang
Authors: Tchang Jean-Paul
Published: September 2017

Cet article présente le nouveau livre de Zhao Tingyang, professeur à l’Institut de Philosophie de l’Académie chinoise des Sciences Sociales : « De la contemporanéité du Tianxia ou la possibilité d’un monde fondé sur le système Tianxia », Citic Press, Beijing, 2016. Le livre définit le concept du Tianxia comme un système de gouvernance juxtaposant la Terre, la psychologie des peuples et une institution mondiale inclusive. Zhao Tingyang s’appuie sur l’expérience historique de la Dynastie des Zhou (1046-256 av J.C.). A partir des écrits classiques chinois et étrangers, il restitue et analyse les conditions historiques de l’avènement et du déclin du système Tianxia de la dynastie des Zhou, qui dans sa conception d’un monde inclusif, était en avance sur son époque. Par la suite, le Tianxia inspira le système politique chinois, que Zhao décrit comme un véritable vortex formé par le jeu de la conquête de la plaine centrale sans cesse renouvelée et qui entraînait peuples et ethnies attirés par les ressources naturelles et spirituelles de cette plaine centrale. Zhao oppose le système Tianxia érigé en théorie politique aux théories politiques modernes des Etats-nations venues d’Occident. Il propose le système Tianxia comme une nouvelle politique qui prendrait le monde et sa souveraineté comme sujets.
The Middle Kingdom of America
Authors: Babones Salvatore
Published: September 2017

Il n’est pas nécessaire d’établir un Tianxia, ou un pouvoir global, puisqu’il est déjà en place : il s’agit de l’Amérique contemporaine.
La notion de Tianxia et son usage politique entre « Est » et « Ouest » : Formes contemporaines de l’Orientalisme et de l’Occidentalisme politique
Authors: Heurtebise Jean-Yves
Published: September 2017

Le but de cet article est de présenter le concept chinois classique de Tianxia (天下) dans son application contemporaine aux relations internationales autant dans ses variations chinoises datant des années 1990 que dans ses développements les plus récents aux États-Unis, en faisant référence aux ouvrages notamment de Zhao Tingyang et Salvatore Babones – en plaçant ceux-ci dans la perspective discursive de l’Orientalisme et de l’Occidentalisme.
Des choses cachées depuis la fondation du Tianxia
Authors: Dubois de Prisque Emmanuel
Published: September 2017

Le système postmoderne du Tianxia, défendu par le philosophe Zhao Tingyang, est fondé sur l’expulsion sacrificielle de la pensée occidentale dont il est pourtant issu.
China’s Foreign Policy Under President Xi Jinping
Authors: Yang Jiemian
Published: September 2017

La politique étrangère chinoise sous le président XI est marquée à la fois par une continuité et une évolution présente, et par une vision des développements à venir. Je voudrais partager mes pensées personnelles sur les points suivants : 1. Le contexte interne et externe ; 2. Les théories et les stratégies ; 3. Les politiques suivies et les actions menées ; 4. Les difficultés et les défis rencontrés.
Seeking For The International Relations Based On The Concept Of The Community of Shared Future
Authors: Yang Jiemian
Published: September 2017

Ces dernières années la Chine a défendu le concept de communauté au destin partagé.
La actividad textil en Ourense en el siglo XVI y primeras décadas del XVII
Authors: Barriocanal López Yolanda
Published: September 2017

Aportación al estudio de la actividad textil en Ourense en el siglo XVI y primeras décadas del XVII, a través de la documentación de archivo. Sobre la base de datos extraídos de los protocolos notariales se analizan los diferentes oficios, entre cuyas variedades textiles destaca la fabricación de terciopelos. Los resultados obtenidos en la investigación muestran la convivencia de dos sistemas de producción en el mismo espacio temporal. Por un lado, su fabricación por los talleres urbanos, y por otro, un sistema de producción organizado por los mercaderes ourensanos bajo fórmulas próximas al verlagssystem en el seno de las familias campesinas del coto de Sober (Lugo).

[gl] Achega ao estudo da actividade téxtil en Ourense no século XVI e primeiras décadas do XVII, a través da documentación de arquivo. Sobre a base de datos extraídos dos protocolos notariais analízanse os diferentes oficios, entre cuxas variedades téxtiles destaca a fabricación de veludos. Os resultados obtidos na investigación mostran a convivencia de dous sistemas de produción no mesmo espazo temporal. Por una banda, a súa fabricación polos talleres urbanos, e por outra, un sistema de produción organizado polos mercaderes ourensáns baixo fórmulas próximas ao verlagssystem no seo das familias campesiñas do couto de Sober (Lugo).
Contribución del Padre Feijoo a la fábrica de la nueva iglesia del monasterio de San Julián de Samos (Lugo): un capítulo documentado de la historia de la arquitectura y de la edición de libros en España
Authors: González Santos Javier
Published: September 2017

La conclusión del monumental templo monasterial de San Julián de Samos (Lugo) en 1748 fue posible gracias a la cesión de los derechos de impresión y reimpresión y los beneficios de la venta de los seis primeros tomos del Theatro Crítico Universal (1726, 1728, 1729, 1730, 1733 y 1734) y de la Ilustración apologética (1729) que en 1734 el padre Benito Jerónimo Feijoo (1676-1764) hizo a la que había sido la casa de su noviciado y profesión religiosa (1690 y 1692). El dato era conocido de la erudición, pues ya dio noticias el padre fray Martín Sarmiento, amigo y corresponsal de Feijoo además de cronista de la orden benedictina, en un informe manuscrito de 1743 (publicado en 1879), y fray Eladio de Nóboa (1765) y, a partir de ellos, se ha venido repitiendo, aunque sin convicción. Publicamos ahora ese documento de 1734 y, a su vista y de la obra literaria del padre Feijoo, hacemos algunas observaciones sobre la fábrica barroca del monasterio de Samos.

[gl] A conclusión do monumental templo mosteiral de San Xulián de Samos (Lugo) en 1748 foi posible grazas á cesión dos dereitos de impresión e reimpresión e os beneficios da venda dos seis primeiros tomos do Theatro Crítico Universal (1726, 1728, 1729, 1730, 1733 y 1734) e da Ilustración apologética (1729) que en 1734 o padre Benito Jerónimo Feijoo (1676-1764) fixo á que fora a casa do seu noviciado e profesión relixiosa (1690 y 1692). O dato era coñecido da erudición, pois xa dera noticias o padre frei Martín Sarmiento, amigo e correspondente de Feijoo, ademais de cronista da orden benedictina, nun informe manuscrito de 1743 (publicado en 1879), e frei Eladio de Nóboa (1765) e, a partir deles, veuse repetindo, aínda que sen convición. Publicamos agora ese documento de 1734 e, á súa vista e da obra literaria do padre Feijoo, facemos algunhas observacións sobre a fábrica barroca do mosteiro de Samos.
Innovación en el diseño de centrales hidroeléctricas a principios de siglo XX. La ingeniería arquitectura de Casto Fernández-Shaw en la presa de La Jándula
Authors: Berrocal Menárguez A. B. , Molina Holgado P. , Del Cuvillo Martínez-Ridruejo R.
Published: September 2017

La ubicación de la sala de máquinas fue un factor relevante en las primeras presas hidroeléctricas de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, que originó el ensayo de distintas soluciones, algunas de ellas con resultados estéticos e implicaciones hidráulicas y estructurales de gran interés. Tal es el caso de la presa de La Jándula, inaugurada en 1930, que incorporaba la central en el seno del cuerpo de presa. El artículo indaga los posibles antecedentes nacionales e internacionales de esta solución tan singular, corroborando la hipótesis de su carácter inédito. La colaboración del arquitecto Casto Fernández- Shaw en el diseño e integración de la sala de máquinas fue decisiva, ya que logró un resultado de una calidad estética y una expresividad formal sin precedentes en una obra de ingeniería hidráulica, así como el nacimiento de un estilo que el propio Shaw definiría como ingeniería arquitectura.
Efecto de amortiguamiento térmico de una barrera verde de Arundo donax como elemento de bioclimatización en edificios
Authors: Rodríguez-Salinas P. , Ruiz Morales M. , Franco A. , Pérez-Fernández A. R. , Lobato-Calleros O.
Published: September 2017

Entre los principales impactos ambientales derivados de la operación de edificios habitacionales está la generación de gases de efecto invernadero resultante del consumo eléctrico de sistemas de climatización. El uso de sistemas de vegetación representa una alternativa para disminuir dicho consumo energético. Las barreras verdes son sistemas de vegetación empleados como protección contra el viento, aunque recientemente se ha explorado su uso como sistemas de amortiguación acústica. En este trabajo se analiza su posible aplicación como sistemas de aislamiento térmico para edificios. En específico, se reporta el comportamiento de una barrera verde de Arundo donax como elemento de bioclimatización. Los resultados se analizan a partir de las temperaturas medidas en el interior y exterior de edificios prototipo, en función de la presencia de una barrera verde. Adicionalmente se determinó la traspiración del Arundo donax en condiciones ambientales extremas.
Correlación entre el índice RMR de Bieniawski y el índice Q de Barton en formaciones sedimentarias de grano fino
Authors: Fernández-Gutiérrez J. D. , Pérez-Acebo H. , Mulone-Andere D.
Published: September 2017

Desde el siglo XX se han propuesto varios sistemas de clasificación del macizo rocoso. Entre ellos destacan el sistema RMR de Bieniawski y el sistema Q de Barton, que son las clasificaciones más empleadas en todo el mundo. Se han propuesto numerosas relaciones entre ambos índices, que normalmente tienen gran dispersión de datos. Sin embargo, se ha observado que las correlaciones establecidas para litologías específicas son más precisas. El objetivo de este artículo es proponer una correlación entre el índice RMR y Q para formaciones sedimentarias de grano fino, habituales en la zona de Bilbao (España), mediante los datos recopilados in situ durante la excavación del túnel Etxebarri-Casco Viejo de la línea 3 del Ferrocarril Metropolitano de Bilbao. La ecuación obtenida muestra un alto grado de correlación y se ha propuesto una relación única entre los dos sistemas de clasificación, que no depende de la variable independiente escogida.
Conteúdos e formas de educar a infância catarinense (1910-1935): programas de ensino, métodos, obras didáticas e código disciplinar
Authors: Hoeller Solange Aparecida de Oliveira , Souza Gizele De
Published: September 2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar conteúdos e formas para educar a infância catarinense que frequentava as escolas públicas primárias – grupos escolares e escolas isoladas – entre os anos de 1910 e 1935, tomando como elementos os programas de ensino, o código disciplinar, as obras didáticas e a indicação do método analítico de leitura e escrita. Dentre as fontes, destacam-se o Programa de ensino das escolas públicas dos anos de 1911/1914, o Regimento Interno dos grupos escolares, os Regulamentos da Instrução Pública de 1911/1914, documentos de legislação, relatórios de dirigentes políticos e educacionais. A metodologia procurou responder às seguintes perguntas: Que elementos materiais e simbólicos compareciam para a educabilidade da infância? Como pensar a multiplicidade de infâncias que habitavam o tempo e o espaço da escola primária?
Moralidade, vocação, prudência e desvelo: a difícil arte de ser professor primário no Pará imperial (1838-1851)
Authors: Damasceno Alberto
Published: September 2017

Este artigo resulta de pesquisa mais ampla sobre a instrução pública no Pará no Segundo Reinado. Sua proposta é investigar a condição do professor primário do ponto de vista dos presidentes da província do Pará, desde o discurso de Soares Andréa em 1838 até a lei 203 de 1851. Abordam-se a ideia que se fazia de um bom professor, a opinião acerca de sua atuação na província e as reais condições em que atuava, já que, em seus relatórios, falas e discursos, os presidentes tratavam do estado geral da instrução, situavam os professores nesse cenário, registravam suas observações mais específicas sobre esses profissionais e seu trabalho, bem como sobre as diretrizes e os requisitos deles exigidos.
Editorial
Authors: Oliveira Terezinha , Galuch Maria Terezinha Bellanda
Published: September 2017

Editorial
Storage time effect on ‘Dulce de leche’ characteristics with coffee and whey
Authors: Rocha Larissa De Oliveira Ferreira , Pinto Sandra Maria , Abreu Luiz Ronaldo De , Pimenta Carlos José
Published: September 2017

The ‘Dulce de leche’ (milk-based caramel sauce) is a product that has good chemical and microbiological stability, but low physical stability. Physical stability refers to the maintenance of fine texture, without the appearance of ‘grittiness’ given by large lactose crystals which are slowly formed during storage, causing great inconvenience in the product preservation. This work was carried out with the objective to verify the storage time effect on physical, physicochemical microbiological and sensory characteristics of the ‘Dulce de leche’ with coffee added whey and modified starch. It was found that the storage time has a significant effect on color variables b* and L* and in parameters texture (hardness, adhesiveness, elasticity, cohesiveness and gumminess). There was no formation of lactose crystals and microbiological quality was maintained throughout ‘Dulce de leche’ storage time. The time did not influence in the ‘Dulce de leche’ acceptance in relation to flavor, texture and overall impression, which shows that variations of color and instrumental texture did not affect the product sensory quality, providing an alternative for the use of whey and coffee in ‘Dulce de leche’ production, thus obtaining a new product.
Analysis of lubricant oil contamination and degradation and wear of a biogas-fed otto cycle engine
Authors: Bertinatto Rovian , Friedrich Leandro , Bariccatti Reinaldo Aparecido , Souza Samuel Nelson Melegari de , Gurgacz Flavio , Pazuch Felix Augusto
Published: September 2017

The increasing deployment of biodigesters for the treatment of waste on farms and the use of the biogas generated in the production of energy have highlighted the need for knowing the influence of this fuel on internal combustion engines. This study aimed to analyze the influence of filtrated biogas on lubricant oil contamination and degradation, as well as on engine wear and corrosion. Lubricant oil samples were collected every 75 engine operating hours (EOH) and then correlated between each other and with a sample of new oil, determining the elements present in the biogas that contribute to lubricant oil contamination and degradation, as well as lubricant oil performance in the course of EOH and engine wear. The results demonstrate that hydrogen sulfide affects the performance of the lubricant oil and engine wear. Among the metals, we observed that the copper concentration exceeded the maximum limit recommended in the literature. As for the additives, the variation in concentrations of magnesium impacted on lubricant performance. By monitoring lubricant oil quality were able to extend the engine oil change interval of this study by 50%, what resulted in a savings of 33.3% in the cost of lubricant per hour worked.
Evaluation of the Tung’s fruits as a possible source of sustainable energy
Authors: Zornitta Nelson , Nadaleti Willian Cézar , Bariccatti Reinaldo Aparecido , Santos Reginaldo Ferreira dos , Zornitta Rafael Linzmeyer , Nogueira Carlos Eduardo Camargo
Published: September 2017

Tung’s fruits (Aleurites fordii) produce oil of great applicability in the market of painting and covering due to its drying characteristics. Tung’s oil may be an alternative for the production of new biofuels. In this study, it was evaluated the energetic potential of the fruit, oil and biodiesel obtained from the Tung. The average yielding of the extracted seed oil was 50.6%, a value similar to those presented in literature. Moreover, its density presented a value of 931.5 g L-1 and its acid index, 4.5 mg KOH g-1. In the last step of this study, biodiesel was produced by basic methyl route using potassium hydroxide. The specific mass of the produced biodiesel was 909.2 kg m-3 at 20°C; its acid index was 0.473 mg KOH g-1 and its flash point was 178°C. The values of heating values in natura and the low level of ashes in the residual biomass makes the Tung’s fruits a promising renewable clean source of energy of second generation fuel.
Pathogenic Role for γδ T Cells in Autoimmune Anti-Myeloperoxidase Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Gan Poh-Yi , Fujita Takeshi , Ooi Joshua Daniel , Alikhan Maliha Asghar , Dick Jonathan , Shim Raymond , Odobasic Dragana , O’Sullivan Kim Maree , Kitching Arthur Richard , Holdsworth Stephen Roger
Published: September 2017

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic Ab (ANCA)–associated vasculitis results from autoimmunity to MPO. IL-17A plays a critical role in generating this form of autoimmune injury but its cell of origin is uncertain. We addressed the hypothesis that IL-17A–producing γδ T cells are a nonredundant requisite in the development of MPO autoimmunity and glomerulonephritis (GN). We studied MPO-ANCA GN in wild type, αβ, or γδ T cell–deficient (C57BL/6, βTCR−/−, and δTCR−/− respectively) mice. Both T cell populations played important roles in the generation of autoimmunity to MPO and GN. Humoral autoimmunity was dependent on intact αβ T cells but was unaffected by γδ T cell deletion. Following MPO immunization, activated γδ T cells migrate to draining lymph nodes. Studies in δTCR−/− and transfer of γδ T cells to δTCR−/− mice show that γδ T cells facilitate the generation of anti-MPO autoimmunity and GN. δTCR−/− mice that received IL-17A−/− γδ T cells demonstrate that the development of anti-MPO autoimmunity and GN are dependent on γδ T cell IL-17A production. Finally, transfer of anti-MPO CD4+ T cell clones to naive δTCR−/− and wild type mice with planted glomerular MPO shows that γδ T cells are also necessary for recruitment of anti-MPO αβ CD4+ effector T cells. This study demonstrates that IL-17A produced by γδ T cells plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of MPO-ANCA GN by promoting the development of MPO-specific αβ T cells.