bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Twinning of the Isotypic Rare‐Earth Metal Bromide Ortho‐Oxidomolybdates LaBrMoO4 and CeBrMoO4
Authors: Hartenbach Ingo , Henning Harald , Schleid Thomas , Schustereit Tanja , Strobel Sabine
Published: December 2012

Solid‐state reactions of La2O3, LaBr3, and MoO3 in molar ratios of 1:1:3 lead to single crystals of LaBrMoO4 among a few by‐products, which emerge from redox reactions of Br– with hexavalent molybdenum. To obtain the analogous cerium compound, Ce2O3 was synthesized in situ by using CeO2 and Ce in a 3:1 molar ratio. The two rare‐earth metal bromide ortho‐oxidomolybdates(VI) REBrMoO4 (RE = La and Ce) crystallize isotypically in the monoclinic space group Pc (a = 982 – 977 pm, b ≈ 581 pm, c = 810 – 803 pm, β ≈ 90°, Z = 4). In the crystal structure, two crystallographically unique RE3+ cations are present, both with similar coordination environments of three plus one Br– and six O2– anions in the shape of distorted tetracapped trigonal prisms. The two distinguishable Br– anions both display coordination spheres of three plus one RE3+ cations each, building up distorted tetrahedra. These are fused together via four common edges to form anti‐PbO‐type 2∞{[BrRE$\rm^{e}_{4/4}$]2+} layers (e = edge‐connecting) parallel to the (100) plane. Two crystallographically different oxidomolybdate(VI) units are also found in the structure, which can be best described as strands of apically vertex‐shared [MoO5]4– trigonal bipyramids along [001] represented by the formula 1∞{[MoO$\rm^{e}_{4/4}$O$\rm^{e}_{4/4}$]2–} (v = vertex‐connecting, t = terminal). The aforementioned 2∞{[BrRE$\rm^{e}_{4/4}$]2+} layers and the 1∞ {[MoO$\rm^{e}_{4/4}$O$\rm^{e}_{4/4}$]2–} chains are alternately stacked along the a axis. The peculiarity of this structure is expressed by the position of the Mo6+ cations, which are not situated in the center of the bipyramids, but reside offset in a trigonal pyramid. Since both the (Mo1)6+ and the (Mo2)6+ cations are located in the same partial tetrahedron, relative to the triangular plane of the trigonal bipyramid, a structure description in a non‐centrosymmetric space group is immanent. Both title compounds display a twinned crystal structure with strong similarities to those of the chloride homologues REClMoO4 (RE = La – Pr) and LaClWO4.
Cancer cachexia prevention via physical exercise: molecular mechanisms
Authors: Gould Douglas W. , Lahart Ian , Carmichael Amtul R. , Koutedakis Yiannis , Metsios George S.
Published: December 2012

Cancer cachexia is a debilitating consequence of disease progression, characterised by the significant weight loss through the catabolism of both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, leading to a reduced mobility and muscle function, fatigue, impaired quality of life and ultimately death occurring with 25–30 % total body weight loss. Degradation of proteins and decreased protein synthesis contributes to catabolism of skeletal muscle, while the loss of adipose tissue results mainly from enhanced lipolysis. These mechanisms appear to be at least, in part, mediated by systemic inflammation. Exercise, by virtue of its anti‐inflammatory effect, is shown to be effective at counteracting the muscle catabolism by increasing protein synthesis and reducing protein degradation, thus successfully improving muscle strength, physical function and quality of life in patients with non‐cancer‐related cachexia. Therefore, by implementing appropriate exercise interventions upon diagnosis and at various stages of treatment, it may be possible to reverse protein degradation, while increasing protein synthesis and lean body mass, thus counteracting the wasting seen in cachexia.
Promoter methylation of the SALL2 tumor suppressor gene in ovarian cancers
Authors: Sung Chang K. , Li Dawei , Andrews Erik , Drapkin Ronny , Benjamin Thomas
Published: December 2012

The SALL2 gene product and transcription factor p150 were first identified in a search for tumor suppressors targeted for inactivation by the oncogenic mouse polyoma virus. SALL2 has also been identified as a cellular quiescence factor, essential for cells to enter and remain in a state of growth arrest under conditions of serum deprivation. p150 is a transcriptional activator of p21Cip1/Waf1 and BAX, sharing important growth arrest and proapoptotic properties with p53. It also acts as a repressor of c‐myc. Restoration of SALL2 expression in cells derived from a human ovarian carcinoma (OVCA) suppresses growth of the cells in immunodeficient mice. Here we examine the pattern of p150 expression in the normal human ovary, in OVCA‐derived cell lines and in primary ovarian carcinomas. Immunohistochemical staining showed that p150 is highly expressed in surface epithelial cells of the normal human ovary. Expression is exclusively from the P2 promoter governing the E1A splice variant of p150. The P2 promoter is CpG‐rich and susceptible to methylation silencing. p150 expression was restored in OVCA cell lines following growth in the presence of 5‐azacytidine. In a survey of 210 cases of OVCA, roughly 90% across major and minor histological types failed to show expression of the protein. Immunological and biochemical approaches were used to show hypermethylation of the SALL2 P2 promoter in OVCA‐derived cell lines and in a majority of primary tumors. These results bring together molecular biological and clinical evidence in support of a role of SALL2 as a suppressor of ovarian cancers.
Home and Garden
Authors: Jekyll Gertrude
Published: December 2012

Gertrude Jekyll (1843–1932), the distinguished and influential garden designer of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, originally trained as an artist but later turned her hand to craftwork, gardening, and plant collecting and breeding. During her career she collaborated with distinguished architects such as Sir Edwin Lutyens and reached a popular audience through the publication of articles in newspapers and magazines such as William Robinson's The Garden. Jekyll's second book, first published in 1890, is a collection of her advice and reflections on a range of topics, particularly those relating to her own home, Munstead Wood. It contains chapters on particular plants, and gives guidance on projects such as building rock gardens, as well as more idiosyncratic pieces on her cats, or the importance of one's own tools. Jekyll's informal tone and the range of topics discussed make this a fascinating work of social and gardening history.
Historical and Biographical Sketches of the Progress of Botany in England
Authors: Pulteney Richard
Published: December 2012

Richard Pulteney (1730–1801) was a Leicestershire physician whose medical career suffered both from a lack of aristocratic patronage and from his dissenting religious background. However, his lifelong interest in botany and natural history, and particularly his work on the new Linnaean system of botanical classification, led to publications in the Gentleman's Magazine and the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1762. His book on Linnaeus (also reissued in this series), first published in 1782, was later considered to be of great significance for the acceptance in England of the Linnaean system, and this two-volume work, published in 1790, is still relevant to the study of the history of botany. Volume 1 begins in 'primaeval' and 'druidical' times and continues to the seventeenth century, including the first printed herbals and the work of the great botanist John Ray.
Views of Nature
Authors: Humboldt Alexander von
Published: December 2012

Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859) was an intellectual giant: an explorer who helped lay the foundations of biogeography, a naturalist who influenced Charles Darwin, and a botanist who developed a model of the Earth's climate zones. He travelled extensively in Europe, carried out scientific explorations across the Russian Empire and in Latin America, and devoted much energy to seeking a unified view of the different branches of scientific knowledge. Ansichten der Natur, published in 1808 with a second edition in 1826, aimed to 'engage the imagination' as well as to communicate new ideas, and was translated into many European languages. This authorised translation of the third and final 1849 edition, dating from Humboldt's eightieth year, was published in 1850, though another English translation (by Mrs Sabine) had appeared the previous year. The wide coverage, including geology, geography and biology, is typical of Humboldt, as is the precise and engaging style.
Hortus Veitchii
Authors: Veitch James Herbert
Published: December 2012

The Veitch dynasty, originally from Scotland, owned plant nurseries in Devon and London throughout the nineteenth century. By commissioning several expeditions to search for new and exotic flora for British gardens, they were instrumental in bringing many previously unknown plants into cultivation in Britain. James Herbert Veitch (1868–1907), who became managing director of the firm, spent time in Germany and France studying the techniques of horticulture, and later travelled the world himself collecting plants for the nursery in Chelsea. This work, published in 1906, gives a detailed account of the family business and of the men that the firm sent to South America, Japan, China and India during the period 1840–1906, including distinguished plant finders such as William Lobb, his brother Thomas, who first introduced various types of orchids from India to Britain for cultivation, and Richard Pearce, who brought back tuberous begonias from South America.
Elements of the Philosophy of Plants
Authors: Candolle Augustin Pyramus de , Sprengel Kurt
Published: December 2012

This treatise on scientific botany brings together the works of two leading European scientists from the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle (1778–1841) and the German botanist and physicist Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel (1766–1833). First published in German in 1820, it was almost immediately translated (anonymously) into English and published in Edinburgh by Blackwood in 1821. This collaborative volume includes three chapters from de Candolle's Théorie élémentaire de la botanique published in Paris in 1819, while the remaining texts and the preface were written by Sprengel; at the time, it provided significant advances on previous botanical theories such as the work of German botanist Carl Ludwig Willdenow (1765–1812). A fascinating document on the evolution of botanical science, the book contains a practical section detailing the characteristics of over forty plants, as well as eight illustrations.
A Treatise on the Culture and Management of Fruit-Trees
Authors: Forsyth William
Published: December 2012

In this work, first published in 1802 and followed by many subsequent editions, the famous horticulturalist William Forsyth (c. 1737–1804) gives an exhaustive guide to the cultivation of fruit trees and advises on pests and diseases. Forsyth was appointed superintendent of the Royal Gardens of St James and Kensington in 1784, and was also one of the founders of the (now Royal) Horticultural Society. The work is divided into two parts: in the first, various kinds of fruit trees, including soft fruit and nuts, are described in detail. Forsyth explains how to plant and prune them and gives advice on harvesting and storing the produce. In the short second part, Forsyth discusses the need for better care of both fruit and forest trees (good-quality timber being needed especially in time of war), and advocates a 'Composition' of his own invention for improving the health of diseased and damaged trees.
The Life of Richard Owen
Authors: Owen Richard S.
Published: December 2012

Richard Owen, F.R.S. (1804–92) was a controversial and influential palaeontologist and anatomist. Originally from Lancaster, he studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh and at London's St Bartholomew's Hospital. He grew interested in anatomical research and, after qualifying as a surgeon, became assistant conservator in the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, and then superintendent of natural history in the British Museum. He became an authority on comparative anatomy and palaeontology, coining the term 'dinosaur' and founding the Natural History Museum. He was also a fierce critic of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, and engaged in a long and bitter argument with Thomas Huxley, known as 'Darwin's bulldog' for his belligerent support of the theory. Published in 1894, this two-volume biography draws on Owen's diaries and a wealth of correspondence. Volume 1 covers Owen's life up to 1854, just before his appointment to the British Museum.
Recollections and Reflections
Authors: Thomson Joseph John
Published: December 2012

Manchester-born Sir Joseph John Thomson (1858–1940), discoverer of the electron, was one of the most important Cambridge physicists of the later nineteenth and first half of the twentieth centuries. Succeeding Lord Rayleigh as Cavendish Professor of Experimental Physics, he directed the research interests of the laboratory, and eight of his students, including Rutherford, went on to win Nobel Prizes, as Thomson himself did in 1906. He was knighted in 1908, received the Order of Merit in 1912, and became Master of Trinity College in 1918. He also served as President of the Royal Society from 1915 from 1920 and was a government advisor on scientific research during World War I. This autobiography, published in 1936, covers all aspects of his career - his student days in Manchester, arrival in Cambridge, and growing international reputation. It gives a fascinating picture of Cambridge life and science at a dynamic period of development.
Darwin, and after Darwin
Authors: Romanes George John
Published: December 2012

George John Romanes (1848–94), evolutionary biologist, was one of the most zealous supporters of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection in the nineteenth century. He met Darwin in 1874 and became a firm friend and follower, applying Darwinian theory to his work on animal intelligence and mental evolution. Romanes was elected to the Royal Society in 1879 at the age of 31, having produced his own influential research on the evolution of the nervous system. This three-volume study of Darwin's work and its implications was first developed as a series of lectures given in Edinburgh and London between 1886 and 1890. Controversially, Romanes deviates from Darwin's assertion of the significance of geographical isolation, contending that physiological differences among the same species were central to evolutionary change. Published posthumously in 1895, Volume 2 focuses on the 'post-Darwinian questions' of heredity and utility in organisms.
British Fossil Brachiopoda
Authors: Davidson Thomas , Owen Richard , Carpenter William Benjamin
Published: December 2012

British palaeontologist Thomas Davidson (1817–85) was born in Edinburgh and began his studies at the city's university. Encouraged by German palaeontologist Leopold von Buch, he began to study brachiopod fossils at the age of twenty, and he quickly became the undisputed authority. He was elected fellow of the Geological Society of London in 1852, receiving the Wollaston medal in 1865. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1857. Published between 1850 and 1886, this six-volume work became the definitive reference text on the subject. It includes more than two hundred hand-drawn plates and a comprehensive bibliography. This volume, the first of six, includes an essay on the terebratulids by Richard Owen, an analysis of brachiopod shell structure by W. B. Carpenter and a guide to classification by Davidson himself. The rest of the volume describes Cretaceous, Tertiary, Oolitic and Liasic brachiopod species.
Geology of Arran and Clydesdale
Authors: Bryce James
Published: December 2012

James Bryce (1806–77) was a Scottish schoolteacher and geologist. His numerous articles on geology earned him a place in the Geological Society of London (1834) and in the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1875). He also campaigned to reform the Scottish universities and for Scottish education to be independent of the English system. In 1855 Bryce conducted a geological survey of Clydesdale and the Isle of Arran for the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BAAS). His findings were published the same year, in this book. Bryce's study records the natural history of the two regions, with descriptions of the geological features encountered on various expeditions in Arran. Bryce also describes the Arran flora, marine fauna, and rare insect life. This book remained the geological authority on Arran and Clydesdale for a long time; the third edition, reissued here, was published in 1865.
The Origin of Cultivated Plants
Authors: Candolle Alphonse de
Published: December 2012

Alphonse de Candolle (1806–93) was a French-Swiss botanist who was an important figure in the study of the origins of plants and the reasons for their geographic distribution. He also created the first Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Despite initially studying law, he took over both the chair of botany at the University of Geneva, and the directorship of Geneva's botanical gardens from his father Augustin de Candolle (1778–1841). He published numerous botanical books, and edited ten volumes of the Prodromus, a seventeen-volume reference text intended to cover the key properties of all known seed plants. This work, reissued in the second edition of the English translation of 1886, is his most famous and influential book, tracing the geographic origins of plants known to have been cultivated by humans. It is one of the earliest studies of the history of crop domestication, and an important contribution to phytogeography.
The Story of New Zealand
Authors: Thomson Arthur S.
Published: December 2012

Arthur S. Thomson (1816–60) was a Scottish military surgeon and medical scientist who was posted to New Zealand in the late 1840s. During his eleven years in the country, settlement increased and British sovereignty over the colony was extended. Thomson felt that previous historical accounts of New Zealand all demonstrated a certain political, colonial or religious bias, and decided to write his own comprehensive history of the islands, which was published in 1859. In Volume 2, Thomson continues the story of European discovery and settlement. He justifies the progress of British colonisation by arguing that it brought civilisation to the native people, fully supporting the introduction of English (property) law and the introduction of Christianity. Thomson advocates that the Maoris be taught English, as this is the only way to give them hope that they can 'rise above the hewers of wood and drawers of water'.
The Animals of New Zealand
Authors: Hutton Frederick Wollaston , Drummond James
Published: December 2012

Frederick Wollaston Hutton (1836–1905) was a geologist and a supporter of Darwinian theory. He emigrated to New Zealand in 1866, became Professor of Biology at Canterbury College, and won awards both in Britain and Australasia for his work on the natural history of New Zealand. He published scientific papers on biology and zoology as well as geology and, with James Drummond, wrote two popular works, Nature in New Zealand (1902) and The Animals of New Zealand (1904). The latter was extremely successful. It was revised and expanded the following year, and this fourth edition was published in 1923. The book focuses on native vertebrates, so the bulk of the content relates to birds, of which Hutton had published a catalogue in 1871. It also describes marine mammals, reptiles, and bats, and gives brief coverage to introduced species. There are 154 illustrations, and indexes of Maori, English and scientific names.
A New Universal Dictionary of the Marine
Authors: Falconer William
Published: December 2012

First published in 1813, this comprehensive dictionary of maritime terminology in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries was designed as a reference work for shipbuilders and navigators. Compiled by the naval historian William Burney, it is a revised and expanded version of the classic Universal Marine Dictionary originally published in 1769 by the poet and lexicographer William Falconer (1732–89). It provides over 800 pages of technical data on shipbuilding, navigation, the operation of ships, weaponry and provisions, as well as historical, legal and medical information, and even French vocabulary lists. It contains extensive tables and illustrations, and longer articles including, for instance, lists of clothing, books and equipment required by a young midshipman. Both Burney and Falconer were leaders in their field, and the book remains a key historical source on seafaring during the age of Nelson and the French wars, for scholars and enthusiasts alike.
A Quietist Jihadi
Authors: Wagemakers Joas
Published: December 2012

Since 9/11, the Jordanian Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi (b. West Bank, 1959) has emerged as one of the most important radical Muslim thinkers alive today. While al-Maqdisi may not be a household name in the West, his influence amongst like-minded Muslims stretches across the world from Jordan - where he lives today - to Southeast Asia. His writings and teachings on Salafi Islam have inspired terrorists from Europe to the Middle East, including Abu Mus'ab al-Zarqawi, the former leader of al-Qa'ida in Iraq, and Ayman al-Zawahiri, Osama Bin Laden's successor as the head of al-Qa'ida Central. This groundbreaking book, which is the first comprehensive assessment of al-Maqdisi, his life, ideology, and influence, is based on his extensive writings and those of other jihadis, as well as on interviews that the author conducted with (former) jihadis, including al-Maqdisi himself. It is a serious and intense work of scholarship that uses this considerable archive to explain and interpret al-Maqdisi's particular brand of Salafism. More broadly, the book offers an alternative, insider perspective on the rise of radical Islam, with a particular focus on Salafi opposition movements in Saudi Arabia and Jordan.
A History of the Papacy during the Period of the Reformation
Authors: Creighton Mandell
Published: December 2012

Mandell Creighton's five-volume study of the papacy during the Reformation was first published between 1882 and 1894. Lytton Strachey paid an indirect compliment to Creighton's work by remarking that 'the biscuit is certainly dry; but at any rate there are no weevils'. Creighton (1843–1901) was an academic and an ordained Anglican. Having studied at Oxford and spent time in the parish of Embleton in Northumberland, he was appointed the first Dixie Professor of Ecclesiastical History at Cambridge, became Bishop of Peterborough and ended his career as Bishop of London. Volume 1 (1882) describes the developments within the Catholic church that led to the 'Babylonian Captivity of the Popes' in Avignon, and then focuses on the Council of Constance (1414–18). Creighton juxtaposes very detailed accounts of the various popes with a narrative of the early reformation movements across Europe, from Oxford and Paris to Bohemia.
A History of the Papacy during the Period of the Reformation
Authors: Creighton Mandell
Published: December 2012

Mandell Creighton's five-volume study of the papacy during the Reformation was first published between 1882 and 1894. Lytton Strachey paid an indirect compliment to Creighton's work by remarking that 'the biscuit is certainly dry; but at any rate there are no weevils'. Creighton (1843–1901) was an academic and an ordained Anglican. Having studied at Oxford and spent time in the parish of Embleton in Northumberland, he was appointed the first Dixie Professor of Ecclesiastical History at Cambridge, became Bishop of Peterborough and ended his career as Bishop of London. Volume 2 (1882) focuses on the controversial Council of Basel (1431–49) and its struggle with Eugenius IV over the crucial issue of papal authority as against both conciliar rule and the secular powers of Europe. The volume ends with the death in 1464 of Pius II.
A History of the Papacy during the Period of the Reformation
Authors: Creighton Mandell
Published: December 2012

Mandell Creighton's five-volume study of the papacy during the Reformation was first published between 1882 and 1894. Lytton Strachey paid an indirect compliment to Creighton's work by remarking that 'the biscuit is certainly dry; but at any rate there are no weevils'. Creighton (1843–1901) was an academic and an ordained Anglican. Having studied at Oxford and spent time in the parish of Embleton in Northumberland, he was appointed the first Dixie Professor of Ecclesiastical History at Cambridge, became Bishop of Peterborough and ended his career as Bishop of London. In Volume 5 (1894) Creighton focuses on the beginnings of humanism and the different strands of the Reformation movement in Germany. He discusses Luther's leading role in the movement, and the reaction of the papacy to him. The volume closes with the sack of Rome by Charles V's troops and Clement VII's flight to Orvieto in 1527.
Recollections of a Happy Life
Authors: North Marianne
Published: December 2012

Marianne North (1830–90), the Victorian amateur botanist and painter, travelled to distant countries of the world to paint exotic flora in their natural surroundings. This two-volume collection of her memoirs, edited by her sister and published in 1892, records North's remarkable travels. Laden with her palettes and easels, the independent North travelled alone and fended for herself. Her journals describe how she endured swarms of insects, scaled cliffs, trudged through wilderness and crossed swamps in order to reach the plants she wanted to paint. Volume 1 covers North's early upbringing and the origins of her enthusiasm for nature, and traces her travels through Canada and the United States, Jamaica, Brazil, Japan, Borneo, India and Sri Lanka. This fascinating autobiography reveals the stories behind North's art, which can still be appreciated today since she bequeathed her vivid paintings to Kew Gardens, where they are on display.
Recollections of a Happy Life
Authors: North Marianne
Published: December 2012

Marianne North (1830–90), the Victorian amateur botanist and painter, travelled to distant countries of the world to paint exotic flora in their natural surroundings. This two-volume collection of her memoirs, edited by her sister and published in 1892, records North's remarkable travels. Laden with her palettes and easels, the independent North travelled alone and fended for herself. Her journals describe how she endured swarms of insects, scaled cliffs, trudged through wilderness and crossed swamps in order to reach the plants she wanted to paint. Volume 2 covers North's travels to Australia and New Zealand, which she undertook at the suggestion of Charles Darwin. The work concludes with the last journey she made, to Chile in 1884–5, to paint the monkey-puzzle tree in its natural habitat. This autobiography reveals the stories behind North's art, which can still be appreciated today since her vivid paintings are displayed at Kew Gardens.
Calvinists and Catholics during Holland's Golden Age
Authors: Kooi Christine
Published: December 2012

This book examines the social, political and religious relationships between Calvinists and Catholics during Holland's Golden Age. Although Holland, the largest province of the Dutch Republic, was officially Calvinist, its population was one of the most religiously heterogeneous in early modern Europe. The Catholic Church was officially disestablished in the 1570s, yet by the 1620s Catholicism underwent a revival, flourishing in a semi-clandestine private sphere. The book focuses on how Reformed Protestants dealt with this revived Catholicism, arguing that confessional coexistence between Calvinists and Catholics operated within a number of contiguous and overlapping social, political and cultural spaces. The result was a paradox: a society that was at once Calvinist and pluralist. Christine Kooi maps the daily interactions between people of different faiths and examines how religious boundaries were negotiated during an era of tumultuous religious change.
Reassessing Paleolithic Subsistence
Authors: Morin Eugène
Published: December 2012

The contribution of Neandertals to the biological and cultural emergence of early modern humans remains highly debated in anthropology. Particularly controversial is the long-held view that Neandertals in Western Europe were replaced 30,000 to 40,000 years ago by early modern humans expanding out of Africa. This book contributes to this debate by exploring the diets and foraging patterns of both Neandertals and early modern humans. Eugène Morin examines the faunal remains from Saint-Césaire in France, which contains an exceptionally long and detailed chronological sequence, as well as genetic, anatomical and other archaeological evidence to shed new light on the problem of modern human origins.
Fauna Boreali-Americana; or, The Zoology of the Northern Parts of British America
Authors: Richardson John , Swainson William , Kirby William
Published: December 2012

Sir John Richardson (1787–1865), surgeon, naturalist and Arctic explorer, went on Sir John Franklin's first two Arctic expeditions as ship's doctor and naturalist, and made observations and collected a large number of plant and animal specimens from the Canadian Arctic. On his return to England after the second expedition he began to write this four-volume work of natural history, first published between 1829 and 1837. A volume is dedicated to each of the classes of mammal, bird, fish and insect, which are found in the Canadian Arctic. This work is an interesting example of pre-Darwinian natural history, full of detailed descriptions of the appearance, anatomy and behaviour of the different species. Volume 1, first published in 1829, focuses on mammals. Descriptions of the species sometimes include details of interactions between humans and that species; for example, unfortunate encounters between sailors and polar bears.
Fauna Boreali-Americana; or, The Zoology of the Northern Parts of British America
Authors: Richardson John , Swainson William , Kirby William
Published: December 2012

Sir John Richardson (1787–1865), surgeon, naturalist and Arctic explorer, went on Sir John Franklin's first two Arctic expeditions as ship's doctor and naturalist, and made observations and collected a large number of plant and animal specimens from the Canadian Arctic. On his return to England after the second expedition he began to write this four-volume work of natural history, first published between 1829 and 1837. A volume is dedicated to each of the classes of mammal, bird, fish and insect, which are found in the Canadian Arctic. This work is an interesting example of pre-Darwinian natural history, full of detailed descriptions of the appearance, anatomy and behaviour of the different species. Volume 4 was first published in 1837 and was written by distinguished entomologist William Kirby (1759–1850) using Richardson's specimens from the second expedition. It focuses on the species of insect found in the Canadian Arctic.
Koni: La ville des derviches tourneurs
Authors: Huart Clément
Published: December 2012

Clément Huart (1854–1926) graduated in Arabic, Persian, Turkish and Modern Greek and served as a French diplomat in Istanbul (or, as he called it, Constantinople) for twenty years before becoming Professor of Persian at the Ecole des Langues Orientales in Paris. He edited and translated many oriental texts and published widely on Middle-Eastern cultures. This 1897 publication describes a visit to Konya, where Huart hoped to find out more about the capital of the Seljuk Empire than was recorded in Byzantine or Persian sources. Travelling on horseback from Istanbul, Huart noted his impressions of archaeological sites and historic buildings, and recorded details of many inscriptions from the Seljuk period on mosques, mausoleums, caravanserais and fortresses. He also met the whirling dervishes. His fascinating account of his experiences is interwoven with references to medieval battles and Islamic legends, together with advice for future travellers to this rapidly modernising region.
Ducae Michaelis Ducae nepotis historia Byzantina
Authors: Ducas
Published: December 2012

The author of this history was a member of the Byzantine Doukas family, a grandson of Michael Doukas, who had come to prominence in the civil wars of the fourteenth century, and possibly a remote descendant of the eleventh-century emperor Michael VII. His own first name and dates of birth and death are not known, but he seemed to have worked for a Genoese family or business, and after the fall of Constantinople took refuge on the island of Lesbos, then controlled by the Genoese Gattilusi dynasty. His history of the period 1341–1462, including the Ottoman conquest, survived in one manuscript: this 1834 edition by Immanuel Bekker provides, as well as a Latin translation of the original Greek text, a near-contemporary Italian version of unknown authorship discovered in a Venetian library by the historian Leopold Ranke, who supplied it to Bekker.
Georgii Pachymeris de Michaele et Andronico Palaeologis libri tredecim
Authors: Pachymeres George
Published: December 2012

This history of the reigns of the first two emperors of the Palaiologos Dynasty by George Pachymeres (1242–1310) was edited by the German scholar Immanuel Bekker (1785–1871) on the basis of the work of the French Jesuit, Pierre Poussines (1609–86), and published in two volumes in 1835. The family of Pachymeres, like the aristocratic Palaiologoi, had fled to the neighbouring empire of Nicaea (Iznik) after the capture of Constantinople by the Franks in 1204. Michael Palaiologos (1223–82) became leader of the armies in Nicaea in 1259; two years later he had driven the Latins from Constantinople and was crowned Emperor Michael VIII, with his two-year-old son Andronikos (1259–1332) as his co-ruler and heir. Pachymeres also wrote on music, rhetoric and philosophy, but is best remembered for this history of his own times. Volume 1 describes the life and reign of Michael Palaiologos.
History of the Greek Revolution
Authors: Gordon Thomas
Published: December 2012

Thomas Gordon (1788–1841), a British army officer and philhellene, was actively involved in the Greek struggle for independence during the period 1821–8. This two-volume work, published in 1833, provides a comprehensive account of the Greek Revolution, portraying the war 'as it really was' and describing atrocities perpetrated by both sides. In his preface, Gordon acknowledges that the contest between the Greeks and the Turks has been written about a great deal. He sets out his aims to 'clear away exaggeration, rectify errors and anachronisms, and supply omissions', and he draws upon insights gained from having lived and fought for several years in Greece. Volume 2 continues the narrative until the decisive defeat of the Turkish fleet by the European allies at Navarino in 1827, but ends on a note of caution that wider European diplomatic manoeuvres may delay the establishment of an independent Greek government.
Ioannis Cantacuzeni Eximperatoris historiarum Libri IV
Authors: Cantacuzenus Ioannes
Published: December 2012

This three-volume work of Byzantine history by the ex-Emperor John VI Cantacuzene was edited, together with a Latin translation by the Jesuit scholar, Pontanus (1542–1626), by Ludwig Schopen (1799–1867), and published between 1828 and 1832. It covers part of the same period as the works by George Pachymeres and Nicephorus Gregoras (also reissued in this series) and the three accounts can usefully be compared. John Cantacuzene (c. 1292–1383) was unusual among Byzantine emperors in that he appears to have been reluctant to take the throne, and also in that, having been deposed in 1354, he was allowed to retire to a monastery, where he wrote this account of his times. The historian Edward Gibbon, among others, noted the self-justificatory tone of his memoir. Volume 2 begins with the funeral of Andronikos III in 1341 and ends with the acclamation of John as Emperor in 1347.
Ioannis Cantacuzeni Eximperatoris historiarum Libri IV
Authors: Cantacuzenus Ioannes
Published: December 2012

This three-volume work of Byzantine history by the ex-Emperor John VI Cantacuzene was edited, together with a Latin translation by the Jesuit scholar, Pontanus (1542–1626), by Ludwig Schopen (1799–1867), and published between 1828 and 1832. It covers part of the same period as the works by George Pachymeres and Nicephorus Gregoras (also reissued in this series) and the three accounts can usefully be compared. John Cantacuzene (c. 1292–1383) was unusual among Byzantine emperors in that he appears to have been reluctant to take the throne, and also in that, having been deposed in 1354, he was allowed to retire to a monastery, where he wrote this account of his times. The historian Edward Gibbon, among others, noted the self-justificatory tone of his memoir. Volume 3 takes the narrative from John's accession to his deposition, and the defeat of his son Matthew by John V in 1357.
A Treatise on the Police of the Metropolis
Authors: Colquhoun Patrick
Published: December 2012

Patrick Colquhoun (1745–1820) was one of the founders, in 1798, of the Thames River Police. Initially a merchant based in Glasgow, he later moved to London and was appointed as a magistrate in the East End. In 1796, he published (anonymously) a report on the types of crime in the capital, and the need for regulation of the behaviour of the inhabitants to suppress it. The work examines the different categories of crime in London, such as illegal trading in the docks, fraud, burglary, and robbery. Later chapters discuss the issue of punishment as well as the changes Colquhoun believed were required in the existing police force. In this 1797 fourth edition - one of six later editions that were published by 1799 - Colquhoun added a lengthy exposition on gambling. Although many of his measures were considered unworkable, Colquhoun's ideas played an important part in the development of modern policing.
History of the Expedition to Russia, Undertaken by the Emperor Napoleon, in the Year 1812
Authors: Ségur Phillippe-Paul, Comte de
Published: December 2012

The French general and historian Philippe-Paul, Comte de Ségur (1780–1873) served as a member of Napoleon's personal staff during the Russian campaign. He had joined the cavalry in 1800 and had distinguished himself during earlier episodes of the European war; this led to him being chosen for several diplomatic missions. His two-volume account of the invasion of Russia, first published in French in 1824, has been through many editions and has been translated into many languages. It is both a military history and an eyewitness account. This English translation was first published in 1825 and remains immensely valuable to historians' understanding of Napoleon's ultimately disastrous Russian strategy. Volume 1 begins with the reasons behind the decision to invade and includes the Battle of Borodino, in which over seventy thousand people were killed. It concludes on 12 September 1812, two days before Napoleon's army reached Moscow.
Journal of the Disasters in Affghanistan, 1841–2
Authors: Wynch Sale Florentia
Published: December 2012

Lady Sale (née Florentia Wynch, 1790–1853) became an instant heroine when her journal of the disastrous events in Afghanistan in 1841–2 was published in 1843. The wife of Sir Robert Sale, second-in-command of the British forces, she was taken hostage, along with her daughter and baby grand-daughter, after the massacre of over 4,500 British troops at Kabul, while her husband commanded a besieged garrison at Jalalabad. The small group of hostages was moved from place to place, with only the clothes they stood up in, to evade attempts at rescue over a period of nine months. Eventually, they were able to bribe a tribal leader to release them, and they met up with a British rescue party just before Afghani pursuers overtook them. Lady Sale's diary, carried in a cloth bag at her waist, was published almost unedited, and is an extraordinary account of her ordeal.
Memoir of the Life of Admiral Sir Edward Codrington
Authors: Codrington Edward
Published: December 2012

Edward Codrington (1770–1851) joined the navy at the age of thirteen. Having narrowly avoided freezing to death in Nova Scotia three years later, he went on to serve during some of the most important naval conflicts of his time. This two-volume biography was first published in 1873, and combines his own accounts with the research of his daughter Lady Bourchier. Volume 2 opens in 1827 as the English fleet, now under Codrington's command, faces the Turks at the battle of Navarino, now seen as a decisive moment in the struggle for Greek independence. It also includes accounts of the blockade of the Morea, Codrington's terse exchanges with the Ottoman commanders, and a vivid portrayal of the devastation that would ensue should his tactics fail. Structured around the first-hand accounts in Codrington's own correspondence, this is both an entertaining read and a useful resource for students of naval history.
Autobiography of Miss Cornelia Knight
Authors: Knight Ellis Cornelia
Published: December 2012

This two-volume Autobiography by Cornelia Knight (1757–1837) was published in 1861. It was complied by the military historian Sir John Kaye from her journals and a memoir based on them, written late in life and remaining incomplete at her death. Cornelia Knight, the daughter of an admiral, was highly educated: she knew ten languages, was skilled at painting and drawing, and published novels and poetry. In 1813 she was appointed to the household of Princess Charlotte of Wales. In 1814, the Prince Regent dismissed all his daughter's attendants, and Knight returned to a life of literature and European travel. Volume 1 covers her childhood, time spent in Italy with Sir William and Lady Hamilton and Lord Nelson, her appointment as companion to Princess Charlotte, the princess's refusal, in 1814, to marry the Prince of Orange, and the subsequent events which led to Knight's dismissal.
Select Charters and Other Illustrations of English Constitutional History from the Earliest Times to the Reign of Edward the First
Authors: Stubbs William
Published: December 2012

William Stubbs (1825–1901), one of the leading historians of his generation, pursued his academic research alongside his work as a clergyman. He was elected Regius Professor of Modern History at Oxford in 1866 and appointed a bishop in 1884. Stubbs was a major figure in medieval English historiography, with special interests in legal and constitutional history. This work was first published in 1870. It begins with an outline of English constitutional history, which he urged should be part of the curriculum, and then presents documents from Roman times up to the thirteenth century. Eight editions followed in Stubbs' lifetime, and it became a core textbook. The ninth edition of 1913, revised by H. W. C. Davis (1874–1928), is reissued here, and contains better editions and translations of Anglo-Saxon and French texts than were available in Stubbs' lifetime, as well as some then newly discovered material and an updated glossary.
The Creevey Papers
Authors: Creevey Thomas
Published: December 2012

Thomas Creevey (1768–1838) was a Whig politician, diarist and letter-writer, whose papers provide an important source for the history of the early nineteenth century. Although a relatively poor man, he was adept at making friends with important people, and received hospitality and financial help from them. His letters are full of gossip, often indiscreet, giving a vivid picture of the society and politics of the day. They form an interesting comparison with the papers of his contemporaries, J. W. Croker, who as a Tory was in power for most of the period in question, and Charles Greville (both available in this series). Living in Brussels at the time of Waterloo, Creevey is perhaps best remembered for his description of life there during Napoleon's 'Hundred Days'. This two-volume work edited by Sir Herbert Maxwell (1845–1937) was first published in 1903. Volume 1 covers the Napoleonic Wars and the Regency.
The Natural Philosophy of Plant Form
Authors: Arber Agnes
Published: December 2012

When she was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1946, Agnes Arber (1879–1960) was one of only three women to have been admitted into the institution. Arber conducted research that focused mainly on the morphology of flowering plants, but her work is characterised by its explorations of historical botany and evolution. First published in 1950, this book widens the scope of morphology into a study of all aspects of form across the whole chronology of botany. Arber begins with Aristotle and investigates the work of early modern botanists like Bacon and Goethe, before examining the effects of this wider approach on subjects like evolution and taxonomy. Arguing that post-Darwinian doctrine often causes botanists to twist their observations to suit a hypothetical history of phylogenesis, rather than changing the hypothesis to suit observational facts, this bold and fascinating text will interest students of biology and philosophy alike.
A Portion of the Journal Kept by Thomas Raikes, Esq., from 1831–1847
Authors: Raikes Thomas
Published: December 2012

Diarist Thomas Raikes (1777–1848) was an Old Etonian whose social world included some of the most influential people of his day. Raikes was no politician - he had an established reputation as a 'dandy' - and he spent much of his time in gentlemen's clubs in London, especially the Carlton and White's. He was ostensibly employed by his father, a merchant and later governor of the Bank of England, and was married with four children. His reputation as a man about town was confirmed by the posthumous publication of these diary extracts, in four volumes from 1856 to 1857; they focus on his time abroad, mostly in Paris. Volume 2 covers the period from 1835 to mid-1836, and begins with Raikes in Paris awaiting news of the British elections, while meeting and observing diplomats, politicians and socialites from France and elsewhere in Europe.
A Portion of the Journal Kept by Thomas Raikes, Esq., from 1831–1847
Authors: Raikes Thomas
Published: December 2012

Diarist Thomas Raikes (1777–1848) was an Old Etonian whose social world included some of the most influential people of his day. Raikes was no politician - he had an established reputation as a 'dandy' - and he spent much of his time in gentlemen's clubs in London, especially the Carlton and White's. He was ostensibly employed by his father, a merchant and later governor of the Bank of England, and was married with four children. His reputation as a man about town was confirmed by the posthumous publication of these diary extracts, in four volumes from 1856 to 1857; they focus on his time abroad, mostly in Paris. Volume 4 begins in 1840, with Raikes in Paris. He finally returns to England in July 1844, and re-enters London society before setting off for a brief trip to Ireland. The diary ends in 1847.
Narrative of a Journey into Persia, in the Suite of the Imperial Russian Embassy, in the Year 1817
Authors: Kotzebue Moritz von
Published: December 2012

Moritz von Kotzebue (1789–1861), son of the German dramatist and an experienced seaman and soldier, who had faced Bonaparte's troops on the battlefield, travelled to the court of Fath Ali Shah Qajar (1772–1834), the king of Persia, with a Russian embassy in 1817. His account of the journey was published in German in 1819, and an English translation was published in the same year, claiming to offer a different perspective from the ordinary run of British writings on Persia. Covering the journey from St Petersburg through the Caucasus and down to Soltaniyeh, where the embassy meets the Shah, the work is a compilation of day-to-day observations on people and events. The author is astute and witty, and the book is not only an interesting read but also a useful source for the region's social history; a lengthy description of the Shah's court is particularly impressive.