bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O caminho da violência pelas narrativas jornalísticas: a patologização do machismo
Authors: Neves Ana Paula de Castro , Lima Angelita Pereira de , Castro Luciano Rodrigues
Published: March 2022

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise sobre a patologização do machismo por meio das narrativas dos jornais O Popular e Diário da Manhã de 2016 e 2017. Procura-se categorizar a construção e os argumentos dessas narrativas no que tange à temática da violência de gênero e do processo de revitimização. Para tanto, buscou-se articular leituras de gênero, comunicação e direitos humanos com o fito de evidenciar a ocorrência de violência de gênero no processo de revitimização das mulheres violentadas, convertidas em objeto de representações jornalísticas. A forma como as mulheres em situação de violência foram abordadas nas matérias analisadas denotou que estas apresentam conteúdos e narrativas estruturadas a partir de regimes simbólicos correntes em outros campos da vida social que naturalizam relações violentas e desiguais. Assim, as dinâmicas jornalísticas também assumem o papel de agentes de violência – numa dimensão simbólica – nesse processo, em que se encontra a dinâmica da revitimização midiática.
A personalidade autoritária e a teoria da propaganda fascista nas reflexões de theodor adorno: uma leitura aproximativa
Authors: Martino Luis Mauro Sá , Marques Angela Cristina Salgueiro
Published: March 2022

Entre 1946 e 1951, Theodor Adorno, tanto sozinho quanto com colegas, escreveu dois artigos seminais sobre a propaganda fascista, ao mesmo tempo em que trabalhava em uma ampla pesquisa empírica que apareceria, em 1950, com o nome de A personalidade autoritária. Este artigo propõe uma leitura aproximativa dessas obras no sentido de delinear três principais aspectos: 1. algumas das características de visão a respeito da propaganda fascista; 2. as condições em que alguém estaria mais propenso a aceitá-la; e 3. como os artigos sobre propaganda e o estudo empírico permitem esboçar um quadro mais amplo das ideias de Adorno sobre mídia, para além da noção conhecida de “indústria cultural”, e mostram uma preocupação mais profunda do filósofo com as características do público e a importância política da comunicação.
Diversidade e democratização no cinema e no audiovisual brasileiro: um panorama de 2001 a 2021
Authors: Venanzoni Thiago Siqueira
Published: March 2022

O cinema e o audiovisual brasileiro passaram por relevantes transformações institucionais ao longo dos 20 primeiros anos do século XXI, o que certamente nos leva a pensar sobre o impacto dessas mudanças no campo audiovisual. Este artigo apresentará algumas dessas perspectivas a partir do alargamento do campo de produção e das alterações nos níveis da organização que estão indicadas, bem como os projetos do setor e as suas transformações. Para a construção desse panorama de vinte anos e para as análises de produção, faremos uso de dois articuladores conceituais presentes nas políticas públicas destinadas ao campo audiovisual: a perspectiva da diversidade e da democratização. Ambos articuladores estão vinculados à ascensão e à presença de novos territórios de produção audiovisual e à emergência de coletivos no horizonte dessas produções do cinema e do audiovisual brasileiro contemporâneo.
Insurgências on-line: sobre o trabalho cultural e as lutas por reconhecimento
Authors: Paula Leandro de
Published: March 2022

O artigo discute as relações entre trabalho e reconhecimento enfatizando o papel exercido pelas redes sociais no terreno das mobilizações trabalhistas. Examinam-se as transformações dos modelos de organização do trabalho e o impacto das novas tecnologias de comunicação e das dinâmicas produtivas nas expectativas de reconhecimento. A discussão teórica é confrontada com a reconstituição de uma crise que se instalou na Orquestra Sinfônica Brasileira em 2011, quando um grupo de músicos se rebelou contra a realização de avaliações de desempenho. Descreve-se, ainda, como o uso estratégico do Facebook ajudou a pautar o agendamento da mídia tradicional, com efeitos relevantes sobre o debate público à época.
As pós-humanidades críticas: uma área de pesquisa emergente para um futuro em mutação
Authors: Santos Caio Dayrell , Quental Luiza
Published: March 2022

Este discute o campo de pesquisa emergente das pós-humanidades críticas. Utilizando como fio condutor o pensamento da filósofa Rosi Braidotti, exploramos através do conceito da condição pós-humana – entendida como a convergência do pós-humanismo e pós-antropocentrismo – os principais temas levantados e pensados pelas pós-humanidades críticas no contemporâneo. Discutimos a relação da condição pós-humana tanto com a aceleração da destruição ambiental quanto com a aceleração tecnológica do capitalismo biocognitivo. Por fim, exploramos o conceito de zoé como uma possibilidade de resistência afirmativa a partir da experimentação em tempos pós-humanos. Buscamos mostrar como esta área de investigação tem a contribuir para os dilemas de um contemporâneo em mutação.
A economia cultural do patrimônio da música popular
Authors: Long Paul
Published: March 2022

Quais são o significado, a significância e a função da herança da música popular, um campo de práticas que passou por considerável expansão desde a virada do século? Este artigo situa tal eflorescência no contexto de uma maior democratização do patrimônio, memória, arquivo e da história ao examinar a singularidade desse campo por meio das lentes da economia da cultura. A partir de evidências oriundas de uma variedade de exemplos contemporâneos, discute-se como os valores culturais e econômicos são produzidos através de práticas políticas, das instituições culturais, das comunidades interessadas e da indústria musical. As atividades de preservação, performance e promoção do patrimônio musical popular o cristalizam como um conceito que possibilita uma forma particular de conhecer o passado. Enquanto essa herança pode expressar um impulso democrático, a reprodução das hierarquias e desigualdades na cultura da música popular podem ser percebidas como um espaço contínuo de negociações de significados.
Granitos rapakivi e rochas associadas da Suíte Intrusiva São Lourenço-Caripunas (1,32 – 1,30 Ga) no distrito mineiro São Lourenço- Macisa, NW da Província Estanífera de Rondônia: I - Petrografia das fácies precoces e evidências de interação de magmas
Authors: Silva Marly Aparecida da , Leite Junior Washington Barbosa , Payolla Bruno Leonelo , Ciotta Matheus Ramos , Bettencourt Jorge Silva
Published: March 2022

A Suíte Intrusiva São Lourenço-Caripunas (1,32 – 1,30 Ga), na região do distrito mineiro São Lourenço-Macisa (NW da Província Estanífera de Rondônia), inclui granitos rapakivi e rochas associadas, que são reunidas em quatro unidades ígneas mapeadas na escala 1:25.000. A Unidade A é composta de viborgitos e piterlitos com hornblenda e biotita, e biotita granitos seriados; a Unidade B, de granitos pórfiros com hornblenda e/ou biotita; a Unidade C, de gabros, microgabros, hornblenda quartzo-monzonitos e granitos pórfiros; e a Unidade D, de biotita granitos seriados e equigranulares. Os litotipos das unidades A, B e C são interpretados como intrusões precoces, e os litotipos da Unidade D, como intrusões tardias e relacionadas espacialmente com os depósitos primários de estanho e metais associados. Algumas fácies petrográficas da fase precoce apresentam assembleias de minerais e texturas que indicam a atuação de processos de interação de magmas mais máficos e mais félsicos na origem dessas rochas.
Oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy and nutrition in preterm newborns: meta-analysis
Authors: Ramos Michelle de Santana Xavier , Martins Camilla da Cruz , Souza Elivan Silva , Vieira Graciete Oliveira , Gomes-Filho Isaac Suzart , Figueiredo Ana Claudia Morais Godoy , Pereira Maurício Gomes , Cruz Simone Seixas da
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE To investigated the effect of oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy in reducing the time required for very low birth weight preterm newborns (VLBW-PTNB: < 1,500g and < 37 weeks) to achieve full enteral nutrition. METHODS Literature search was conducted using four databases, including gray literature, with additional manual search of the references of selected articles. Eligibility criteria consisted of randomized clinical trials, without restriction regarding the date or language of the publication. Two independent reviewers performed the article selection and data extraction. The random-effects meta-analysis used a non-standard technique to assess the mean difference in days to achieve full enteral nutrition, carried out by the Stata 15 statistic program. RESULTS The systematic review comprised 10 studies, and five were selected for meta-analysis, with a population of 764 VLBW-PTNB and gestational age of birth between 25 and 32 weeks. The studies were conducted between 2011 and 2018 in North America, Asia and Africa, with only one conducted in South America. Altogether, they reported the number of days it took 708 VLBW-PTNB to achieve full enteral nutrition, with newborns treated with immunotherapy showing a shorter time in only three studies. Meta-analysis showed a mean difference of -4.26 days, (95% CI -7.44; -1.08d), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 83.1%). CONCLUSION The use of oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy can reduce the time for VLBW-PTNB to achieve full nutrition when compared to those who used a placebo or received routine care.
Obesity and COVID-19 in-hospital fatality in southern Brazil: impact by age and skin color
Authors: Houvèssou Gbènankpon Mathias , Leventhal Daniel G P , Silva Eduardo Viegas da
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the relative risk (RR) of death associated with obesity, the attributable fraction in the exposed/with obesity (AFo), and the hospitalized population attributable risk (hospitalized PAR) associated with obesity of death among all adults and among Black and non-Black adults hospitalized for severe COVID-19 in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study of prognostic factors analyzed all cases of adults hospitalized for severe COVID-19 in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The occurrence of obesity by hospital teams was primarily measured observing individuals’ medical records. The outcome assessed was hospital deaths caused by severe COVID-19. Poisson regression was used to estimate RRs and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: The study sample consisted of 100,099 patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19, most of whom were White (84.7%) and male (54.7%). The effect of obesity was strongly modified by age. For the 18–39-year-old age group, RR = 2.54 (95%CI: 2.33–2.77), and in individuals 70 years and above, RR = 1.09 (95%CI: 1.05–1.13). For the 18–39-year-old age range, AFo = 60.6% and AFo = 42.5% in individuals 40–59 years old. For all hospitalizations, the hospitalized population attributable risk (hospitalized PAR) measuring obesity for individuals 18–39 years old was 25.3%, while in the 40–59-year-old range, the hospitalized PAR = 11.2%. The hospitalized PAR was 31.7% in the Black population aged 18–39 years and 24.8% in non-Blacks. The hospitalized PAR was also larger in Blacks aged 40-59 years. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity largely impacted in-hospital case-fatality rates among young adults and Black people contaminated by COVID-19. These data highlight the extent of the risk concerning obesity, a highly prevalent chronic condition.
Ankle‐Brachial Index and Energy Production in People Without Peripheral Artery Disease: The BLSA
Authors: Oberdier Matt T. , AlGhatrif Majd , Adelnia Fatemeh , Zampino Marta , Morrell Christopher H. , Simonsick Eleanor , Fishbein Kenneth , Lakatta Edward G. , McDermott Mary M. , Ferrucci Luigi
Published: March 2022

Background

Lower ankle‐brachial index (ABI) values within the 0.90 to 1.40 range are associated with poorer mitochondrial oxidative capacity of thigh muscles in cross‐sectional analyses. Whether ABI decline is associated with greater declines in thigh muscle oxidative capacity with aging is unknown.

Method and Results

We analyzed data from 228 participants (100 men) of the BLSA (Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging), aged 39 to 97 years, with an ABI between 0.9 and 1.40 at baseline and at follow‐up (mean follow‐up period of 2.8 years). We examined mitochondrial oxidative capacity of the left thigh muscle, by measuring the postexercise phosphocreatine recovery rate constant (
k
PCr) from phosphorus‐31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Greater
k
PCr indicated higher mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Although
k
PCr was available on the left leg only, ABI was measured in both legs. Longitudinal rates of change (
Change
) of left and right ABI and
k
PCr of the left thigh muscle were estimated using linear mixed effects models, and their association was analyzed by standardized multiple linear regressions. In multivariate analysis including sex, age, baseline
k
PCr, both left and right baseline ABI, and ABI change in both legs, (
k
PCr)
Change
was directly associated with ipsilateral (left) (ABI)
Change
(standardized [STD]‐β=0.14;
P
=0.0168) but not with contralateral (right) (ABI)
Change
(
P
=0.22). Adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, this association remained significant (STD‐β=0.18;
P
=0.0051). (
k
PCr)
Change
was steeper in White race participants (STD‐β=0.16;
P
=0.0122) and body mass index (STD‐β=0.13;
P
=0.0479). There was no significant association with current smoking status (
P
=0.63), fasting glucose (
P
=0.28), heart rate (
P
=0.67), mean blood pressure (
P
=0.78), and low‐density lipoprotein (
P
=0.75), high‐density lipoprotein (
P
=0.82), or triglycerides (
P
=0.15).

Conclusions

In people without peripheral arterial disease, greater decline in ABI over time, but not baseline ABI, was associated with faster decline in thigh mitochondrial oxidative capacity in the ipsilateral leg. Further studies are needed to examine whether early interventions that improve lower extremity muscle perfusion can improve and prevent the decline of muscle energetics.
Association Between Radiotherapy and Death From Cardiovascular Disease Among Patients With Cancer: A Large Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Enrui , Guan Xu , Wei Ran , Jiang Zheng , Liu Zheng , Wang Guiyu , Chen Yinggang , Wang Xishan
Published: March 2022

Background

This study aimed to investigate the association between radiotherapy for cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths and evaluate the relative risk for CVD deaths in the general population and among patients with cancer treated with radiotherapy.

Methods and Results

The statistics of cancers from 16 sites were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and evaluated. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to analyze the association between radiotherapy and cardiovascular‐specific survival. The standardized mortality ratio for CVD deaths was estimated by comparing the observed deaths of patients with cancer treated with radiotherapy to the expected deaths of the general population. Of the 2 214 944 patients identified from the database, 292 102 (13.19%) died from CVD. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses demonstrated that radiotherapy was an independent risk factor for cardiovascular‐specific survival among patients with lung and bronchus, cervix uteri, corpus uteri, and urinary bladder cancers. The long‐term cardiovascular‐specific survival of patients with cancer who underwent radiotherapy was significantly lower than that of patients who did not undergo radiotherapy. The incidence of CVD deaths among patients with lung and bronchus, cervix uteri, corpus uteri, and urinary bladder cancers who underwent radiotherapy was higher than that among the general population. Standardized mortality ratio significantly decreased with increasing age at cancer diagnosis, gradually decreased within 10 years of diagnosis and increased after 10 years of diagnosis.

Conclusions

Radiotherapy is associated with worse cardiovascular‐specific survival in patients with lung and bronchus, cervix uteri, corpus uteri, and urinary bladder cancers. Long‐term surveillance of cardiovascular conditions should be performed after radiotherapy.
Sedentary Behavior and Atrial Fibrillation in Older Women: The OPACH Study
Authors: Boursiquot Brian C. , Bellettiere John , LaMonte Michael J. , LaCroix Andrea Z. , Perez Marco V.
Published: March 2022

Background

Sedentary behavior is associated with cardiovascular disease, but its association with incident atrial fibrillation is not well studied. Our aim was to measure the association between objectively measured sedentary behavior and incident atrial fibrillation.

Methods and Results

Sedentary behavior was measured by a triaxial accelerometer worn on a belt for 1 week. Incident atrial fibrillation was ascertained from Medicare claims. The associations between total sedentary time (or patterns of sedentary behavior) and incident atrial fibrillation were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for demographic and clinical covariates. Among 2675 participants (mean age, 78.2 years), there were 268 (10.0%) cases of incident atrial fibrillation at a rate of 31 cases per 1000 person‐years. Greater total sedentary time was associated with a higher risk of incident atrial fibrillation after adjustment for age, race and ethnicity, body mass index, education, smoking history, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, heart disease, and other chronic conditions (quartile 4 versus quartile 1: hazard ratio, 1.20, [95% CI, 0.81–1.78];
P
for trend=0.05). After adjusting for physical function and self‐rated health, this was no longer statistically significant. Both longer mean sedentary bout duration and more continuous sedentary periods (versus frequent breaks in sedentary time) were also associated with higher risks of incident atrial fibrillation, but these associations were also attenuated with serial adjustment.

Conclusions

Total sedentary time and prolonged patterns of sedentary accumulation were associated with a higher risk of atrial fibrillation in this prospective study of community‐dwelling older women, but these associations were attenuated by adjustment for physical function and self‐reported health. This suggests that associations between sedentary behavior and atrial fibrillation may be attributable to global measures of overall function and health.
Relationship of Quantitative Retinal Capillary Network and Myocardial Remodeling in Systemic Hypertension
Authors: Chua Jacqueline , Le Thu‐Thao , Sim Yin Ci , Chye Hui Yi , Tan Bingyao , Yao Xinwen , Wong Damon , Ang Briana W. Y. , Toh Desiree‐Faye , Lim Huishan , Bryant Jennifer A. , Wong Tien Yin , Chin Calvin Woon Loong , Schmetterer Leopold
Published: March 2022

Background

This study examined the associations between quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters and myocardial abnormalities as documented on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in patients with systemic hypertension.

Methods and Results

We conducted a cross‐sectional study of 118 adults with hypertension (197 eyes). Patients underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and OCTA (PLEX Elite 9000, Carl Zeiss Meditec). Associations between OCTA parameters (superficial and deep retinal capillary density) and adverse cardiac remodeling (left ventricular mass, remodeling index, interstitial fibrosis, global longitudinal strain, and presence of left ventricular hypertrophy) were studied using multivariable linear regression analysis with generalized estimating equations. Of the 118 patients with hypertension enrolled (65% men; median [interquartile range] age, 59 [13] years), 29% had left ventricular hypertrophy. After adjusting for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, and signal strength of OCTA scans, patients with lower superficial capillary density had significantly higher left ventricular mass (β=−0.150; 95% CI, −0.290 to −0.010), higher interstitial volume (β=−0.270; 95% CI, −0.535 to −0.0015), and worse global longitudinal strain (β=−0.109; 95% CI, −0.187 to −0.032). Lower superficial capillary density was found in patients with hypertension with replacement fibrosis versus no replacement fibrosis (16.53±0.64 mm
‐1
versus 16.96±0.64 mm
‐1
;
P
=0.003).

Conclusions

We showed significant correlations between retinal capillary density and adverse cardiac remodeling markers in patients with hypertension, supporting the notion that the OCTA could provide a non‐invasive index of microcirculation alteration for vascular risk stratification in people with hypertension.
Global Longitudinal Strain is Incremental to Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction for the Prediction of Outcome in Optimally Treated Dilated Cardiomyopathy Patients
Authors: Raafs Anne G. , Boscutti Andrea , Henkens Michiel T. H. M. , van den Broek Wout W. A. , Verdonschot Job A. J. , Weerts Jerremy , Stolfo Davide , Nuzzi Vincenzo , Manca Paolo , Hazebroek Mark R. , Knackstedt Christian , Merlo Marco , Heymans Stephane R. B. , Sinagra Gianfranco
Published: March 2022

Background

Speckle tracking echocardiographic global longitudinal strain (GLS) predicts outcome in patients with new onset heart failure. Still, its incremental value on top of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with nonischemic, nonvalvular dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) after optimal heart failure treatment remains unknown.

Methods and Results

Patients with DCM were included at the outpatient clinics of 2 centers in the Netherlands and Italy. The prognostic value of 2‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiographic global longitudinal strain was evaluated when being on optimal heart failure medication for at least 6 months. Outcome was defined as the combination of sudden or cardiac death, life‐threatening arrhythmias, and heart failure hospitalization. A total of 323 patients with DCM (66% men, age 55±14 years) were included. The mean LVEF was 42%±11% and mean GLS after optimal heart failure treatment was −15%±4%. Twenty percent (64/323) of all patients reached the primary outcome after optimal heart failure treatment (median follow‐up of 6[4–9] years). New York Heart Association class ≥3, LVEF, and GLS remained associated with the outcome in the multivariable‐adjusted model (New York Heart Association class: hazard ratio [HR], 3.43; 95% CI, 1.49–7.90,
P
=0.004; LVEF: HR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.11–4.10,
P
=0.024; GLS: HR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.18–4.29,
P
=0.015), whereas left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter index, left atrial volume index, and delta GLS were not. The addition of GLS to New York Heart Association class and LVEF improved the goodness of fit (log likelihood ratio test
P
<0.001) and discrimination (Harrell’s C 0.703).

Conclusions

Within this bicenter study, GLS emerged as an independent and incremental predictor of adverse outcome, which exceeded LVEF in patients with optimally treated DCM. This presses the need to routinely include GLS in the echocardiographic follow‐up of DCM.
Building a National Clinical Trials Network in child and youth mental health: Growing Minds Australia
Authors: Hawes David J , Dadds Mark R , Tully Lucy A , Northam Jaimie C ,   Growing Minds Australia Clinical Trials Network
Published: March 2022

Many fields of medicine have benefitted from the formation of clinical trials networks, whereby researchers come together on a large scale to identify high-priority questions and implement coordinated clinical trials. Clinical trials networks in the field of mental health, however, have been rare and largely absent from the Australian context. Here, we present an overview of the newly formed Growing Minds Australia Clinical Trials Network, which represents the first comprehensive clinical trials network in child and youth mental health in Australia. The 60 principal members of the Growing Minds Australia Clinical Trials Network represent teams across 19 diverse areas related to specific forms of psychopathology (e.g. internalising, externalising, neurodevelopmental disorders, early psychosis, substance use), specific research methods and processes (e.g. health economics, eHealth, implementation science) and specialised areas of practice (e.g. school-based systems, parenting interventions, Indigenous mental health, refugee families). Core functions of the Growing Minds Australia Clinical Trials Network include collaborative trial protocol development; peer review, prioritisation and endorsement of proposed trials; training; development of clinical guidelines; and consumer representation. The research by the clinical trials network will encompass the populations typically accessing youth mental health services, while placing a key emphasis on the early periods of life, and the role of parents and caregivers as critical partners in the co-design of research and the delivery of intervention and prevention strategies. The structures and processes built into the network are designed to coordinate collaboration between diverse stakeholders and ensure that provisions for translation are integrated into research from the outset. In this paper, we examine the potential for a dedicated clinical trials network to initiate fundamental improvement in child and youth mental health systems, and discuss the unique and complex challenges associated with establishing such an initiative.
Other-Oriented Perfectionism in Children and Adolescents: Development and Validation of the Other-Oriented Perfectionism Subscale-Junior Form (OOPjr)
Authors: Hewitt Paul L. , Smith Martin M. , Flett Gordon L. , Ko Ariel , Kerns Connor , Birch Susan , Peracha Hira
Published: March 2022

Research on adults indicates other-oriented perfectionism (requiring perfection from others) is associated with various consequential outcomes independent of self-oriented perfectionism (requiring perfection of the self) and socially prescribed perfectionism (believing others require perfection of the self). However, historically, the most widely used and researched measure of trait perfectionism in children, the Child-Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS), has omitted other-oriented perfectionism. In the present study, we address this by reporting on the multisource development and validation of the first self-report measure of other-oriented perfectionism specifically intended for youths: the Other-Oriented Perfectionism Subscale-Junior Form (OOPjr). Children ( N = 107; Mage = 11.5, SD = 1.7) completed the OOPjr, CAPS, and measures of perfectionistic self-presentation, narcissism, social disconnection, depressive symptoms, and parental psychological control. Parents provided ratings of children’s self-oriented, socially prescribed, and other-oriented perfectionism. Psychometric analyses indicated the OOPjr is a homogenous and internally reliable scale that, when factor analyzed alongside the CAPS, displays measurement invariance across gender and replicates the three-factor solution found in adults. Furthermore, parent ratings of other-oriented perfectionism showed unique positive relationships with OOPjr scores, but not CAPS scores. Likewise, other-oriented perfectionism had independent positive relationships with narcissistic superiority and achievement-oriented parental psychological control, after controlling for self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism. Overall, our findings provide preliminary support for the use of the OOPjr as a measure of other-oriented perfectionism in youths.
Preload degradation mechanism of double-nut ball screws revealed by an innovative wear distribution model
Authors: Wang Min , Sun Tiewei , Gao Xiangsheng , Hu Jianzhong , Kong Deshun , Zan Tao
Published: March 2022

The preload of ball screws is generally used to confirm the ball screws with a high axial contact stiffness and a high positioning accuracy. Aiming at the preload degradation due to wear on the raceway of double-nut ball screws, a wear distribution model was proposed by calculating the contact stress distribution and the inhomogeneous relative sliding velocity distribution on the contact region to determine the wear profile of the raceway. Firstly, the contact stress distribution and the relative sliding velocity distribution on the contact surface were determined using the kinematics analysis and the force balance analysis. Subsequently, a wear distribution model was established to determine the wear depth distribution of the contact surface based on elastic-plastic contact mechanics of asperity with consideration of the microscopic characteristics of the raceway. Finally, the three-level step-stress accelerated degradation test based on the simulated model was designed and implemented on a self-designed bench to validate the proposed model. Experimentally measured friction torques of the ball screws were used to reflect the preload degradation, and they were compared with the results of the simulated model. The results showed that the degradation curves of the experimental friction torques and the wear profiles of screw raceways were in good agreement with the numerical results, confirming the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed model. The results indicated that the wear profile of the raceway could be accurately calculated based on the proposed model, clearly describing the wear process of the raceway surface and providing a more precise approach to predict preload degradation for ball screws.
Optimized trajectory tracking control of the clearance manipulator based on improved PSO algorithm
Authors: Yang Lirong , Li Jiajun , Zhou Xiaoyun , Jiang Chuan
Published: March 2022

Aiming at the problems of low joint trajectory tracking accuracy and poor anti-interference ability caused by parameter uncertainty, nonlinearity, and external interference in the hydraulic servo system of the clearance manipulator, an active disturbance rejection servo control method optimized based on the improved Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is proposed. First, through the kinematic and dynamic analysis of the clearance manipulator, the general solutions of its forward and inverse kinematics are derived, and the relationship expression between each joint angle and the extension of the piston rod of the driving cylinder is obtained according to the relationship between the joint space and the driving mechanism space; Second, the state space differential equations of the hydraulic system of the working device are derived using mechanistic modeling, and this is used to design an active disturbance rejection servo controller for each joint, and the parameters of the active disturbance rejection controller are optimized using an improved PSO algorithm to improve the control performance. Simulation and experimental results show that compared with classical PID control and conventional Active Disturbance Rejection Control, the improved ADRC in this paper has higher trajectory tracking control accuracy and the ability to suppress external disturbances.
Polysorbate 80-Induced Anaphylactoid Reaction and the Effects on Cardiovascular Function: Dose Threshold and Species Comparison
Authors: Pouliot Mylène , Bussiere Jeanine , Coppi Aldo , Holbrook Kristen , Shelton Amy , Sparapani Samantha , Maher Jonathan , Zabka Tanja S , Boulay Emmanuel , Authier Simon
Published: March 2022

Polysorbate 80 (PS80) is commonly used in pre-clinical formulations. The dose threshold for cardiovascular (CV) changes and hypersensitivity reaction in the dog was assessed and compared to other species. PS80 was administered by intravenous (IV) bolus (.5, 1 mg/kg), IV infusion (.3, .5, 1, 3 mg/kg), subcutaneous (SC) injection (5, 10, 15 mg/kg) and oral gavage (10 mg/kg) to dogs with CV monitoring. Monkeys and minipigs received PS80 by IV infusion at 3 mg/kg. Plasma histamine concentration was measured following PS80 IV infusion and with diphenhydramine pre-treatment in dogs only. In dogs, PS80 was not associated with CV changes at doses up to 15 mg/kg SC and 10 mg/kg oral, but decreased blood pressure and increased heart rate with IV bolus at ≥ .5 mg/kg and IV infusion at ≥ 1.0 mg/kg and decreased body temperature with IV infusion at 3 mg/kg was observed. Transient edema and erythema were noted with all administration routes, in all three species including doses that were devoid of CV effects. In monkeys and minipigs, PS80 did not induce CV, cutaneous or histamine concentration changes. These results suggest that mild, transient skin changes occur following PS80 administration at doses that are not associated with CV effects in the dogs. In dogs, the cardiovascular effect threshold was <.5 mg/kg for IV bolus, .3 mg/kg for IV infusion, 15 mg/kg for SC injection, and 10 mg/kg for oral administration. Monkey and minipig were refractory to PS80-induced histamine release at 3 mg/kg by IV infusion over 15 minutes.
Understanding feeding problems in autistic children: Exploring the interplay between internalizing symptoms and sensory features
Authors: Crippa Alessandro , Colombo Paola , De Cosmi Valentina , Mazzocchi Alessandra , Scaglioni Silvia , Spolidoro Giulia Carla Immacolata , Bettocchi Silvia , D’Oria Veronica , Viganò Nicole , Mani Elisa , Molteni Massimo , Agostoni Carlo
Published: March 2022

Feeding/behavior problems are highly prevalent in autistic children. This study aimed to explore the interplay between autistic features, sensory processing patterns, emotional/behavioral difficulties, and feeding problems in children with a clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Ninety-nine children aged 1.5–5 years were assessed using the Children’s Eating Behavior Inventory (CEBI), the Child Behavior Checklist, the Revised Sensory Profile—Second Edition (SP-2), and the Food Frequency Questionnaire. The sample was divided into two subgroups based on the presence of feeding behavior problems as rated by parents on the CEBI. Children with feeding problems showed more severe internalizing symptoms and were more reactive to sensory stimuli than children without feeding problems. We also found a significant relationship between higher levels of autistic features and greater feeding behavior problems. A mediation analysis model indicated that this relationship was mediated by sensory processing, as reflected by SP-2 quadrants scores. Although preliminary, these findings suggest that children with higher levels of autistic features could be at greater risk of developing feeding behavior problems only if they also have a higher sensory sensitivity to environmental stimuli.

Lay abstract

This study adds to a growing body of research documenting feeding problems in autistic children. Our results indicate that children aged 1.5–5 years with feeding problems may present with elevated internalizing difficulties and alterations in sensory processing when compared to same-age children without feeding problems. Our study also proposes that sensory processing may be an important, mediating factor in the relationship between autism features and feeding problems. The present work suggests, therefore, that implementers should thoroughly consider the sensory profile of autistic children prior to intervening on feeding behaviors. In particular, based on these preliminary findings, feeding interventions could benefit from environments designed to support children who can find them noisy and overwhelming.
Experimental and computational study comparing conventional diesel injectors and diverging group hole nozzle injectors in a high temperature pressure vessel and a heavy-duty diesel engine
Authors: Kavuri Chaitanya , Koci Chad , Anders Jon , Svensson Kenth , Fitzgerald Russ , Martin Glen , Zellers Ryan , Kokjohn Sage , Dempsey Adam
Published: March 2022

Group hole nozzles (GHN) are injector tips with clusters of small holes used in place of a single large hole. In this work, GHN with two holes per cluster and a diverging angle of 15° between the holes were studied using experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and comparisons were made with conventional diesel injectors. First, experiments were performed in a high temperature pressure vessel (HTPV) to understand the free spray behavior. HTPV experiments revealed that the diverging GHN had slower penetration with a more dispersed spray and a shorter lift-off length relative to the conventional injector. The GHN also exhibited higher natural luminosity compared to the conventional injector, which is indicative of increased soot formation with the GHN. CFD model validated with HTPV experimental data was used to study the sensitivity to the angle between the holes and the hole count per cluster. Results showed that soot formation increased as the divergence angle increased from 0° to 15°. Furthermore, as the divergence angle increased, increasing the hole count per cluster increased the soot formation significantly. Following the HTPV study, the injectors were tested on a single-cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine at a high-load operating condition. Results showed that the diverging GHN injector produced a lower mixing-controlled combustion rate compared to the conventional injector. The slower burn rates resulted in lower NOx and higher soot emissions for the diverging GHN injector. CFD simulations of the engine experiments predicted the slower burn rate seen with the diverging GHN injector. In-cylinder visualization of the CFD results showed that slower penetration with the diverging GHN results in reduced mixing upon surface interaction, and an inability to utilize the fresh air in the outer regions of the combustion chamber which resulted in richer local equivalence ratios and higher soot emissions compared to the conventional injector.
Lung transplantation for severe COVID-19-related ARDS
Authors: Ko Ryoung-Eun , Oh Dong Kyu , Choi Sun Mi , Park Sunghoon , Park Ji Eun , Lee Jin Gu , Kim Young Tae , Jeon Kyeongman
Published: March 2022

Background:

Lung transplantation (LT) is the gold standard for various end-stage chronic lung diseases and could be a salvage therapeutic option in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, LT is uncertain in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related ARDS who failed to recover despite optimal management including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). This study aims to describe the pooled experience of LT for patients with severe COVID-19-related ARDS in Korea.

Methods:

A nationwide multicenter retrospective observational study was performed with consecutive LT for severe COVID-19-related ARDS in South Korea (June 2020–June 2021). Data were collected and compared with other LTs after bridging with ECMO from the Korean Organ Transplantation Registry.

Results:

Eleven patients with COVID-19-related ARDS underwent LT. The median age was 60.0 years [interquartile range (IQR), 57.5–62.5; six males]. All patients were supported with venovenous ECMO at LT listing and received rehabilitation before LT. Patients were transplanted at a median of 49 (IQR, 32–66) days after ECMO cannulation. Primary graft dysfunction within 72 h of LT developed in two (18.2%). One patient expired 4 days after LT due to sepsis and one patient underwent retransplantation for graft failure. After a median follow-up of 322 (IQR, 299–397) days, 10 patients are alive and recovering well. Compared with other LTs after bridging with ECMO ( n = 27), post-transplant outcomes were similar between the two groups.

Conclusions:

LT in patients with unresolving COVID-19-related ARDS were effective with reasonable short-term outcome.
Biomarkers to personalize treatment with 177Lu-PSMA-617 in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer - a state of the art review
Authors: Heidegger Isabel , Kesch Claudia , Kretschmer Alexander , Tsaur Igor , Ceci Francesco , Valerio Massimo , Tilki Derya , Marra Giancarlo , Preisser Felix , Fankhauser Christian D. , Zattoni Fabio , Chiu Peter , Puche-Sanz Ignacio , Olivier Jonathan , van den Bergh Roderik C. N. , Kasivisvanathan Veeru , Pircher Andreas , Virgolini Irene , Gandaglia Giorgio
Published: March 2022

Radioligand therapy with Lutetium-177 (177Lu)-Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has shown to prolong survival in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). One of the major challenges for clinicians in the future is to select those patients who would benefit most from this therapy to position it in the treatment landscape of mCRPC. This, in turn, will lead to the delivery of personalized therapies. In this narrative review article we summarize recent studies investigating both predictive and prognostic clinical, imaging-based, and molecular biomarkers to predict treatment response to 177Lu-PSMA-617 radioligand therapy with the aim of identifying men who should be considered for this approach. Of note, the evidence on the role of biomarkers currently relies on small retrospective trials and their validation in larger prospective cohorts is necessary before these results can be translated in the clinical practice.
Student-Professor Social Media Relationships: An Exploratory Study of Privacy and Trust
Authors: Cistulli Mark D. , Snyder Jason L.
Published: March 2022

This article explores social media relationships between undergraduates and their professors. It addresses social media efficacy’s and social media privacy’s impact on students’ trust in both their professors and university. An online survey of 448 business students found that students who are in social media relationships with professors are more concerned about their own social media privacy and that these students are less likely to trust their professors and the university. When it comes to perceptions of professor and university trust, students’ perceptions of social media privacy are more important than their social media connections with professors. Implications are discussed.
Age‐Related Disparities in the Treatment of Borderline/Mild Hearing Loss in the United States
Authors: Grewal Maeher , Dragon Jacqueline , Golub Justin S.
Published: March 2022

To investigate disparities in hearing aid use across the life span for borderline/mild hearing loss, a cross‐sectional epidemiologic study in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was conducted. Multivariable logistic regressions controlling for hearing level analyzed the association between hearing aid use and age in borderline/mild hearing loss. Age was grouped into quartiles. Of 2470 subjects, 2.0% (n = 50) were <25 years old; 12.0% (n = 297), 25 to 49 years; 65.5% (n = 1618), 50 to 74 years; and 20.5% (n = 505), ≥75 years. When compared with the youngest quartile and while controlling for hearing level, those in the second quartile were 4.6 times less likely to use hearing aids (P <. 01); those in the third were 4.2 times less likely (P <. 01); and those in the fourth were 4.7 times less likely (P <. 001). The dramatically lower hearing aid usage of all older age groups as compared with children/younger adults represents a large unaddressed age‐related disparity in the treatment of borderline/mild hearing loss.
Addressing Schooling in Children With Cancer—It's Everybody's Job, So It's Nobody's Job: An Explanatory Mixed-Methods Evaluation
Authors: Thornton Clifton P. , Henegan Sydney , Carey Lisa B. , Milla Kim , Cork Katrina , Cooper Stacy L. , Jacobson Lisa A. , Ruble Kathy , Paré-Blagoev E. Juliana
Published: March 2022

Background: Neurocognitive deficits from childhood cancer treatment are common, long-standing, and negatively impact multiple domains of life leading to challenges with schooling and education. The purpose of this study is to describe caregiver-reported experiences of neurocognitive effects from therapy and to understand the roles clinicians play in this domain in the United States. Methods: An explanatory mixed-methods study of 174 caregivers of children with cancer provided insight into how clinicians provided information on neurocognitive effects of treatment and their experiences with school-related resources. Clinicians provided descriptions of how they provide this information and assist families with accessing services or transition back to school after therapy. Results: Caregivers identified that physicians, nurses, and social workers primarily provide information regarding neurocognitive effects of treatment. Over half (55.9%) of families seek additional information elsewhere and 49.4% report doing so because the information they received from their team was inadequate. Nearly 40% of caregivers report accessing school supports feels like a constant fight and over 40% were not offered homebound educational services by their school. Qualitative interviews with providers found that clinicians focus on therapy-related physical symptoms of treatment and only discuss neurocognitive effects when prompted by families or when children are returning to school. Discussion: Clinicians’ focus on physical symptoms and just-in-time thinking when it comes to providing education or school-related services may explain why families endorse infrequent education on the topic and challenges with school reintegration. Improved education for clinicians on this topic, integration of interdisciplinary teams, and new clinical practice models may improve the family experience.
Impact of wastewater treatment plants on microbiological contamination for evaluating the risks of wastewater reuse
Authors: Bonetta Silvia , Pignata Cristina , Gasparro Elisa , Richiardi Lisa , Bonetta Sara , Carraro Elisabetta
Published: March 2022

Background

Wastewater reuse represents a promising alternative source of water supply considering the water scarcity related to climate change. However, if not adequately treated, wastewater represents a source of microbiological health risk. The purpose of this work was to investigate the role of wastewater treatment on microbiological contamination by evaluating the possible risks associated with wastewater effluent reuse, taking into account new EU legislation (2020/741) on minimum requirements for water reuse. E. coli that produce Shiga toxins (STEC) and thermotolerant Campylobacter were monitored using an enrichment step associated with specific PCR, while Salmonella spp. and Legionella were detected with both cultural and molecular methods (PCR and q-PCR, respectively). Culture method was also used for the enumeration of different microbial indicators. The bacteria detection was compared in different wastewater plants with membrane bioreactor (MBR) system or with disinfection step with chlorine dioxide (ClO2). Moreover a comparison between molecular and culture methods was discussed.

Results

The results obtained showed good abatement performance for WWTPs equipped with MBR. The high concentrations of E. coli (range between 0.88 and 5.21 Log MPN/100 mL) and contamination by Salmonella spp. in effluent disinfected with ClO2 (17% of samples) showed the need to control the quality of this effluent. In addition, despite the absence of Legionella spp. with the culture method required by EU regulation, high concentrations of Legionella spp. (range between 2 and 7 log GU/L) and the presence of Leg. pneumophila with qPCR (15% of samples) highlight the need to carry out further investigations for reuse associated with aerosol formation (e.g. spray irrigation in agriculture).

Conclusions

The results obtained underline that the MBR technology can be suitable for wastewater reuse applications allowing to achieve the requirement proposed by the new European legislation. More attention should be given to wastewater reuse of effluents treated with ClO2. The use of the molecular methods for pathogens detection in wastewater could allow a more precautionary risks estimation associated with reuse. The overall results highlight that an evaluation of the effectiveness of the wastewater treatments is required for the prevention of a possible risk to public health.