bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of primary malignant bone and soft tissue tumors of foot and ankle: Is it worth salvaging?
Authors: Özger Harzem , Alpan Buğra , Aycan Osman Emre , Valiyev Natig , Kir Mustafa Çağlar , Ağaoğlu Fulya
Published: September 2017

Background and Objective

Performing limb salvage with safe margins and preserving meaningful function is very difficult in the setting of primary malignant bone and soft tissue tumors due to the complex and constrained anatomy of the foot and ankle. The study aims to evaluate the efficacy of limb salvage procedures in terms of functional and oncological outcomes.

Methods

Clinical data of 48 patients, who underwent surgical treatment between 1992 and 2015 in our institution, were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty‐one (43.7%) patients had unplanned resections elsewhere previously. Limb salvage surgery (LSS) was the index surgery in 43 (89.6%) patients. In the LSS group, 28 (65.1%) received preoperative radiotherapy and 13 (30.2%) underwent complex reconstruction. The functional outcomes were assessed with Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scores. Limb survival and oncological outcomes were evaluated according to Kaplan‐Meier curves.

Results

The mean follow‐up time was 32.7 (3‐115) months. Mild deformities and wound healing problems were the most common problems. While the functional scores were significantly higher in the LSS group, no significant difference was detected between amputation and LSS patients in terms of survival rates.

Conclusion

LSS performed in specialized centers is an effective treatment method for malignant tumors of the foot and ankle.
Analysis of Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound Perfusion Patterns and Time‐Intensity Curves for Metastatic Lymph Nodes From Lung Cancer: Preliminary Results
Authors: Yin Shanshan , Cui Qiuli , Wang Song , Fan Zhihui , Yan Kun
Published: September 2017

Objectives

To retrospectively summarize the similarities and differences in contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (US) findings for lymph node metastasis from adenocarcinoma, squamous carcinoma, and small cell lung cancer.

Methods

Patients who had received contrast‐enhanced US examinations and had a histologic diagnosis of supraclavicular lymph node metastasis from lung cancer were included. The perfusion patterns on contrast‐enhanced US images and time‐intensity curve parameters were analyzed for the different pathologic types. The microvascular density and microvascular diameter were evaluated.

Results

Totally, 61 patients were enrolled in this study, including 26 cases with lung squamous carcinoma, 26 with lung adenocarcinoma, and 9 with small cell lung cancer. Contrast‐enhanced US perfusion showed no significant differences in enhancement uniformity during the arterial phase and in the presence of unenhanced areas of metastatic lymph nodes with the 3 different pathologic origins (P > .05), but fewer unenhanced areas could be seen in metastatic lymph nodes from adenocarcinoma. The analysis of the time‐intensity curve parameters showed that there were significant differences in the peak intensity between metastatic lymph nodes from lung squamous carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma (P < .05). The microvascular density of metastatic lymph nodes from adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that of metastatic lymph nodes from squamous carcinoma and small cell lung cancer (P < .001; P = .0444), whereas the microvascular diameter of metastatic lymph nodes from adenocarcinoma was significantly smaller than that from squamous carcinoma and small cell lung cancer (P = .0277; P < .001).

Conclusions

Effects of the pathologic diagnosis should be considered when analyzing quantitative parameters of metastatic lymph nodes during contrast‐enhanced US examinations, even in the same organ.
Sonographic Evaluation of Complications of Extracranial Carotid Artery Interventions
Authors: Millet John D. , Cavallo Joseph J. , Scoutt Leslie M. , Gunabushanam Gowthaman
Published: September 2017

Carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting are among the most common peripheral vascular procedures performed worldwide. Sonography is the initial and often only imaging modality used in the evaluation of iatrogenic carotid arterial injuries. This pictorial essay provides an overview of the clinical and sonographic findings of complications after interventions in the extracranial carotid arteries, including dissection, fluid collections, pseudoaneurysm, thrombosis, thromboembolism, restenosis, and stent deformation. Grayscale, color, and pulsed Doppler imaging findings are reviewed, and correlations with computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography are provided.
Impact of Low Pressure Grazing on the Hydrological and Sediment Connectivity in Hillslopes under Contrasted Mediterranean Climatic Conditions (South of Spain)
Authors: Martínez‐Murillo Juan F. , Hueso‐González Paloma , Ruiz‐Sinoga José D.
Published: September 2017

Many areas from the Mediterranean region are characterised by steep slope gradient, patchy vegetation cover and soil surface conditions prone to overland flow generation and sediment transport. This study evaluated the hydrological and sediment connectivity between sections (top, middle and bottom‐channel) from three low pressure grazed hillslopes located under contrasted Mediterranean climatic conditions in southern Spain. The aim was performed by installing rain‐gauge stations and opened‐plots in order to register overland flow and sediment concentration from February 2008 to January 2010. The results indicated that (i) major volumes of overland flow and sediment transport occurred more frequently in the humid and semiarid; (ii) the more frequent hydrological connectivity was observed between the middle and bottom‐channel sections, although the major values of overland flow and sediment concentration were registered in the upper sections; (iii) it was found very frequent those rainfall events in which all sections contributed with overland flow and sediment to the channel; (iv) the factors controlling hydrological and sediment connectivity varied from one site to another depending on the rainfall regime and vegetation cover, although the soil surface conditions (rock fragment cover either embedded or not embedded, crusts, annual plants, among others) were found as a key factor in all of them. In summary, the grazing activity, even being of low pressure, contributes to distance the hydrological and sediment connectivity from the response expected in the field sites, especially in that of humid Mediterranean climate: more overland flow and less sediment concentration and, vice versa, when becomes arid. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EGFR Targeting and Shielding of pDNA Lipopolyplexes via Bivalent Attachment of a Sequence‐Defined PEG Agent
Authors: Morys Stephan , Urnauer Sarah , Spitzweg Christine , Wagner Ernst
Published: September 2017

For successful nonviral gene delivery, cationic polymers are promising DNA carrier, which need to comprise several functionalities. The current work focuses on the postincorporation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted PEGylation agents onto lipopolyplexes for pDNA delivery. T‐shaped lipo‐oligomers are previously found to be effective sequence‐defined carriers for pDNA and siRNA. Here, the bis‐oleoyl‐oligoaminoethanamide 454 containing tyrosine trimer–cysteine ends is applied for complex formation with pDNA coding for luciferase or sodium iodide symporter (NIS). In a second step, the lipopolyplexes are modified via disulfide formation with sequence‐defined monovalent or bivalent PEGylation agents containing one or two 3‐nitro‐2‐pyridinesulfenyl (NPys)‐activated cysteines, respectively. For targeting, the polyethylene glycol (PEG) agents comprise the EGFR targeting peptide GE11. In comparison of all transfection complexes, 454 lipopolyplexes modified with the bidentate PEG–GE11 agent show the best, EGFR‐dependent uptake as well as luciferase and NIS gene expression into receptor‐positive tumor cells.
Novel mutations in transthyretin gene associated with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: P. Katare Deepshikha , Malik Shabnam , J. Mani Ruchi , Ranjpour Maryam , Jain Swatantra K.
Published: September 2017

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major health problems with increasing incidence worldwide. We report the elevation in transthyretin (TTR) expression following HCC induction using diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and 2‐aminoacetylfluorine (2‐AAF) in male Wistar rats. The increase in its expression took place at very early stage and remained elevated throughout HCC progression. The analysis of TTR gene in HCC bearing rats revealed four novel mutations that alter three amino acids at positions 61, 100, and 115. While these mutations do not directly affect the binding of TTR to thyroxine (T4), the mutation in amino acid 115 interferes with TTR tetramer formation that leads to its accumulation. Further, the mutated TTR is unable to cleave C‐terminal of apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) that results in abnormal lipid metabolism. This has correlation with development of liver cirrhosis and HCC. Furthermore, the mutated TTR seems to have potential as biomarker for early detection of HCC.
Maintenance strategy selection with risky evaluations using RAHP
Authors: Seiti Hamidreza , Tagipour Razieh , Hafezalkotob Ashkan , Asgari Farhad
Published: September 2017

In recent years, maintenance, especially its preventive type, has been seen as an effective and considerable factor in improving the functions of machines. Maintenance plays a vital role in organizations by keeping and increasing the reliability, accessibility, the quality of products, risk mitigation, return improvement, and safety. An effective maintenance programme can be realized by implementing a proper maintenance strategy. Therefore, maintenance and its strategies have a special status in industries. However, selecting a proper maintenance strategy has always been a complex process because maintenance is a nonrepetitive task. Likewise, the lack of failure records and constant changes in the conditions of machines makes it further complicated. Hence, the decision‐making also depends on experts' opinions and because some kind of risk and uncertainty are always there in experts evaluations, the reliability of evaluations is questionable. The present study was aimed to develop a risk‐based model grounded on the analytical hierarchical process, namely, RAHP, to meet this need of maintenance. A case study from a steel rolling company was considered to evaluate the effectiveness of this model.
Identifying and prioritizing factors influencing the selection of the top suppliers of e‐procurement using FDEMATEL and FANP
Authors: Soleimani Negar , Valmohammadi Changiz
Published: September 2017

The aim of this study is to identify, rank, and determine the importance of factors influencing the selection of the top supplier of electronic procurement in organizations using a hybrid approach. This is a case study of Irancell Telecommunication Service Company in which fuzzy decision‐making trial and evaluation (FDEMATEL) and fuzzy analytical network process (FANP) were used. FDEMATEL was employed to determine the interaction and interrelationships among the identified criteria and subcriteria, while utilizing FANP to calculate the weights of the criteria and their relevant subcriteria to determine their priorities. Therefore, the research literature was first reviewed to identify the factors influencing the selection of suppliers. For this purpose, the experts on communication networks were interviewed to select 16 final factors as the most important subcriteria that were then categorized as 5 groups (technology, environmental, services, organizational, and commercial) on which the study was based. After extracting the criteria for ranking the suppliers, codifying evaluation questionnaire, and converting the opinions in the Likert scale, 16 criteria were finally chosen with scores above the mean. FDEMATEL was used to determine the weights of subcriteria. In the final step, FANP was employed for prioritization. Results indicate that the organizational criterion is the most influential factor; however, the criterion services is the most permeable factor. The greatest weights were obtained from production capacity and provisions and geographical situation which were weighted 0.097 and 0.039, respectively. They are also regarded as the most and least important criteria for the selection of the top supplier of e‐procurement by the experts.
Improvement of the efficacy of vascularized lymph node transfer for lower‐extremity lymphedema via a prefabricated lympho‐venous shunt through lymphaticovenular anastomosis between the efferent lymphatic vessel and small vein in the elevated vascularized lymph node
Authors: Akita Shinsuke , Yamaji Yoshihisa , Tokumoto Hideki , Sasahara Yoshitaro , Kubota Yoshitaka , Kuriyama Motone , Mitsukawa Nobuyuki
Published: September 2017

Background

Following vascularized lymph node (VLN) transfer (VLNT), the VLN may be at a risk for sclerosis because of efferent lymphatic vessel obstruction. We developed a new technique to prevent VLN sclerosis via a prefabricated lympho‐venous (LV) shunt. This study compared the treatment outcomes of single VLNT with prefabricated LV shunt, conventional multiple VLNTs, and conventional single VLNT.

Methods

Overall, 47 limbs of 45 patients that underwent VLNT for lower‐extremity lymphedema (LEL) in late clinical stage II/III were divided into 3 groups: conventional single VLNT group (control; 21 limbs where 4 had primary LEL), multiple VLNTs group (13 limbs where 3 had primary LEL), and prefabricated LV shunt group (13 limbs where 4 had primary LEL). In the prefabricated LV shunt group, lymphaticovenular anastomosis between the efferent lymphatic vessel and small vein in the elevated VLN were performed simultaneously with VLNT.

Results

Although venous thrombosis at the anastomosis site was observed in 1 case, it was salvaged by re‐anastomosis, and all VLNs survived. No other complications were observed. The LEL index significantly improved in the prefabricated LV shunt group compared with that in the control group (28.0 ± 1.7 vs 20.9 ± 1.5, P = 0.02). In the prefabricated LV shunt group, all VLNs survived functionally, and the average size of the transferred lymph nodes was significantly larger than that of the control group (5.7 ± 0.1 vs 4.3 ± 0.2 mm, P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Prefabricated LV shunt may improve the efficacy of VLNT.
Organization of the motor‐unit pool for different directions of isometric contraction of the first dorsal interosseous muscle
Authors: Lei Yuming , Suresh Nina L. , Rymer William Z. , Hu Xiaogang
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Muscle force generation involves recruitment and firing rate modulation of motor units (MUs). The control of MUs in producing multidirectional forces remains unclear. Methods: We studied MU recruitment and firing properties, recorded from the first dorsal interosseous muscle, for 3 different directions of contraction: abduction; abduction/flexion combination; and flexion. Results: MUs were recruited systematically at higher threshold force during flexion. Larger MUs were recruited and firing rates of MUs were lower during abduction. There was an orderly recruitment of MUs according to MU size regardless of contraction direction, obeying the “size principle.” Firing rates of earlier‐recruited MUs were consistently higher than later‐recruited MUs, affirming the “onion‐skin” property. Discussion: Our findings suggest that the size principle and onion‐skin organization together provide a general description of MU recruitment patterns and firing properties. The directional alternations of MU control properties likely reflect changes in neural drive to the muscle. Muscle Nerve 57: E85–E93, 2018
Trends in pelvic organ prolapse management in Latin America
Authors: Plata Mauricio , Bravo‐Balado Alejandra , Robledo Daniela , Castaño Juan C. , Averbeck Márcio A. , Plata Manuel A. , Cataño Juan G. , Caicedo Juan I. , Trujillo Carlos G.
Published: September 2017

Aims

To describe practice patterns and perspectives regarding pelvic organ prolapse (POP) management among urologists, gynecologists, and urogynecologists in Latin America (LATAM).

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted from April to September 2016 using a 37‐item internet‐based survey applied to members of urologic and gynecologic associations from 18 countries. Participants were asked about their background and practice patterns. Descriptive statistics were employed.

Results

A total of 673 responses were obtained. Most came from Colombia (33.6%) and Brazil (24.7%). The number of practitioners who perform at least one POP procedure per month and were eligible to finish the survey was 529 (78.6%), out of which 323 (61.0%) were urologists, 156 (29.5%) gynecologists, and 50 (9.5%) urogynecologists. Mesh‐based POP repairs were used by 57.1% of participants. Out of non‐mesh users, the most frequent vaginal procedures were sacrospinous fixation (30%), colporrhaphy (25%), and uterosacral fixation (12%). Regarding the impact of FDA warnings, 75.2% participants indicated that the use of mesh has declined, and 41.9% considered this has had a negative effect in the use of incontinence tapes as well. Only two physicians reported legal disputes related to mesh procedures, and 75.8% said they would still indicate mesh repairs in certain cases.

Conclusions

This is the first report on POP practice patterns in LATAM. Preferences regarding surgical management of POP are not very different from international trends. Despite intense scrutiny and media exposure, mesh‐based procedures are still largely used in LATAM.
Conserving algorithms for frictionless and full stick friction dynamic contact problems using the direct elimination method
Authors: Agelet de Saracibar C. , Di Capua D.
Published: September 2017

In this paper, conserving time‐stepping algorithms for frictionless and full stick friction dynamic contact problems are presented. Time integration algorithms for frictionless and full stick friction dynamic contact problems have been designed to preserve the conservation of key discrete properties satisfied at the continuum level. Energy and energy‐momentum–preserving algorithms for frictionless and full stick friction dynamic contact problems, respectively, have been designed and implemented within the framework of the direct elimination method, avoiding the drawbacks linked to the use of penalty‐based or Lagrange multipliers methods. An assessment of the performance of the resulting formulation is shown in a number of selected and representative numerical examples, under full stick friction and slip frictionless contact conditions. Conservation of key discrete properties exhibited by the time‐stepping algorithm is shown.
The role of sociodemographic factors in maternal psychological distress and mother‐preterm infant interactions
Authors: Gondwe Kaboni W. , White‐Traut Rosemary , Brandon Debra , Pan Wei , Holditch‐Davis Diane
Published: September 2017

Preterm birth has been associated with greater psychological distress and less positive mother infant interactions than were experienced by mothers of full‐term infants. Maternal and infant sociodemographic factors have also shown a strong association with psychological distress and the mother‐infant relationship. However, findings on their effects over time are limited. In this longitudinal analysis, we explored the relationship of maternal and infant sociodemographic variables (maternal age, maternal education, marital status, being on social assistance, maternal race, infant birth weight, and infant gender) to maternal psychological distress (depressive, posttraumatic stress, anxiety, parenting stress symptoms, and maternal worry about child's health) through 12 months corrected age for prematurity, and on the home environment, and mother‐infant interactions through 6 months corrected age for prematurity. We also explored differences related to maternal obstetrical characteristics (gestational age at birth, parity, mode of delivery, and multiple birth) and severity of infant conditions (Apgar scores, need for mechanical ventilation, and infant medical complications). Although the relationship of maternal and infant characteristics with these outcomes did not change over time, psychological distress differed based on marital status, maternal education, infant gender, and infant medical complications. Older mothers provided more a positive home environment. Mother‐infant interactions differed by maternal age, being on public assistance, maternal race, infant gender, and infant medical complications. More longitudinal research is needed to better understand these effects over time in order to identify and support at‐risk mothers.
Preparing molecularly imprinted membranes by phase inversion to separate kaempferol
Authors: Huang Zejun , Zhang Pin , Yun Yanbin
Published: September 2017

The article from this special issue was previously published in Polymers for Advanced Technologies, Volume 28, Issue 3, 2017. For completeness we are including the title page of the article below. The full text of the article can be read in Issue 28:3 on Wiley Online Library: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pat.3898/full
Miklós Bodanszky Award Lecture: Advances in the selective targeting of protein phosphatase‐1 and phosphatase‐2A with peptides
Authors: Köhn Maja
Published: September 2017

Protein phosphatase‐1 and phosphatase‐2A are two ubiquitously expressed enzymes known to catalyze the majority of dephosphorylation reactions on serine and threonine inside cells. They play roles in most cellular processes and are tightly regulated by regulatory subunits in holoenzymes. Their misregulation and malfunction contribute to disease development and progression, such as in cancer, diabetes, viral infections, and neurological as well as heart diseases. Therefore, targeting these phosphatases for therapeutic use would be highly desirable; however, their complex regulation and high conservation of the active site have been major hurdles for selectively targeting them in the past. In the last decade, new approaches have been developed to overcome these hurdles and have strongly revived the field. I will focus here on peptide‐based approaches, which contributed to showing that these phosphatases can be targeted selectively and aided in rethinking the design of selective phosphatase modulators. Finally, I will give a perspective on www.depod.org, the human dephosphorylation database, and how it can aid phosphatase modulator design. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Peptide Science published by European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Distributed impulsive synchronization of Lur'e dynamical networks via parameter variation methods
Authors: Tang Ze , Park Ju H. , Zheng Wei‐Xing
Published: September 2017

This paper is devoted to investigating the exponential synchronization of coupled Lur'e dynamical networks with multiple time‐varying delays and stochastic disturbance. The problem studied in this paper could be regarded as a kind of leader‐following synchronization issue. As the networks may suffer from certain impulsive disturbance, an effective distributed impulsive control protocol is proposed to synchronize the stochastic Lur'e dynamical networks. According to the comparison principle, the average impulsive interval, and the extended formula for the variation of parameters, sufficient conditions are derived for successful achievement of the network synchronization with consideration to different functions of impulsive effects. Furthermore, the exponential convergence rate is obtained based on the impulsive solution equation. In addition, finally, some numerical simulations are given to illustrate the validity of the control scheme and the theoretical analysis.
Modeling conditional dependence among multiple diagnostic tests
Authors: Wang Zhuoyu , Dendukuri Nandini , Zar Heather J. , Joseph Lawrence
Published: September 2017

When multiple imperfect dichotomous diagnostic tests are applied to an individual, it is possible that some or all of their results remain dependent even after conditioning on the true disease status. The estimates could be biased if this conditional dependence is ignored when using the test results to infer about the prevalence of a disease or the accuracies of the diagnostic tests. However, statistical methods correcting for this bias by modelling higher‐order conditional dependence terms between multiple diagnostic tests are not well addressed in the literature. This paper extends a Bayesian fixed effects model for 2 diagnostic tests with pairwise correlation to cases with 3 or more diagnostic tests with higher order correlations. Simulation results show that the proposed fixed effects model works well both in the case when the tests are highly correlated and in the case when the tests are truly conditionally independent, provided adequate external information is available in the form of fixed constraints or prior distributions. A data set on the diagnosis of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis is used to illustrate the proposed model.
Modulation training method of prediction model for smart grid FastADR power limitation of building air‐conditioners
Authors: Ninagawa Chuzo , Nakamura Atsushi , Morikawa Junji
Published: September 2017

Fast automated demand response (FastADR) of building air‐conditioners is a future smart grid demand‐side technology. Neural network models will be useful to predict the power limitation result of the FastADR. However, neural networks require training data, which are collected by the experimental air‐conditioning operations. In this letter, we propose a new training data collection method in which the FastADR‐like signal is modulated into the normal air‐conditioning operations. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Energy biomass competitiveness—three different views on biomass price
Authors: Knápek Jaroslav , Vávrová Kamila , Valentová Michaela , Vašíček Jiří , Králík Tomáš
Published: September 2017

The paper presents an economic model that provides a systemic approach to the evaluation of growing biomass for energy purposes. We argue that to correctly evaluate the potential of energy biomass, it is necessary to look at it from three different, but interconnected perspectives: (1) minimum price for growing biomass for energy purposes, (2) opportunity costs with respect to other uses of the arable land, namely production of conventional crops, and (3) the aspects of substitution of fossil fuels (e.g., coal) for biomass—the analysis of the demand. Our economic model incorporates the three above points of view. Furthermore, on the case study of the Czech Republic, we show the practical implications of the model on assessment of energy biomass in real conditions. The main findings are that to give the farmers the same rate of return as conventional crops, the price of intentionally grown biomass for energy purposes in the Czech Republic would have to be up to almost three times higher than is the adequate minimum price. On the other hand, in order to be competitive as a substitute for coal for local space heating, the price of biomass would have to be close to zero. WIREs Energy Environ 2017, 6:e261. doi: 10.1002/wene.261

This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Economics and Policy
Polynitrocarbamates Derived from Nitromethane
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Krumm Burkhard , Reith Thomas
Published: September 2017

A variety of energetic compounds combining nitro with nitrocarbamate groups were synthesized. The precursors, polynitro alcohols, were obtained by the condensation of the readily available starting material nitromethane with the small aliphatic aldehydes formaldehyde and glyoxal. The conversion into carbamates was achieved with the reactive chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) and a final nitration yielded the polynitrocarbamates. The new compounds were fully characterized, including multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, vibrational analysis, mass spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry, and elemental analysis. The energies of formation were calculated with the GAUSSIAN program package and the detonation parameters were predicted using the EXPLO5 computer code. Due to the positive oxygen balance (ΩCO) of the presented compounds, their performance data as oxidizers were determined and compared to the common oxidizer ammonium perchlorate.
Relieving the Bottleneck: An Investigation of Barriers to Expansion of Supervision Networks at Genetic Counseling Training Programs
Authors: Berg Jordan , Hoskovec Jennifer , Hashmi S. Shahrukh , McCarthy Veach Patricia , Ownby Allison , Singletary Claire N.
Published: September 2017

Rapid growth in the demand for genetic counselors has led to a workforce shortage. There is a prevailing assumption that the number of training slots for genetic counseling students is linked to the availability of clinical supervisors. This study aimed to determine and compare barriers to expansion of supervision networks at genetic counseling training programs as perceived by supervisors, non‐supervisors, and Program Directors. Genetic counselors were recruited via National Society of Genetic Counselors e‐blast; Program Directors received personal emails. Online surveys were completed by 216 supervisors, 98 non‐supervisors, and 23 Program Directors. Respondents rated impact of 35 barriers; comparisons were made using Kruskal‐Wallis and Wilcoxon ranked sum tests. Half of supervisors (51%) indicated willingness to increase supervision. All non‐supervisors were willing to supervise. However, all agreed that being too busy impacted ability to supervise, highlighted by supervisors’ most impactful barriers: lack of time, other responsibilities, intensive nature of supervision, desire for breaks, and unfilled positions. Non‐supervisors noted unique barriers: distance, institutional barriers, and non‐clinical roles. Program Directors’ perceptions were congruent with those of genetic counselors with three exceptions they rated as impactful: lack of money, prefer not to supervise, and never been asked. In order to expand supervision networks and provide comprehensive student experiences, the profession must examine service delivery models to increase workplace efficiency, reconsider the supervision paradigm, and redefine what constitutes a countable case or place value on non‐direct patient care experiences.
The details of an unusual “ghost” after transvenous lead extraction: Three‐dimensional computed tomography analysis
Authors: Kiuchi Kunihiko , Fukuzawa Koji , Mori Shumpei , Nishii Tatsuya , Matsumoto Kensuke , Ichibori Hirotoshi , Yamada Takashi
Published: September 2017

Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) is performed to prevent deaths in patients with device infections. Intracardiac masses detected by echocardiography, i.e., “ghosts,” are reported in 8% of patients after a TLE in retrospective studies and in 14% in prospective studies. We herein describe a case with unusual ghosts after a TLE. Three‐dimensional computed tomography (3DCT) is useful for revealing all the details of unusual ghosts. In this case, the residual silicone insulation and “cast,” including the fibrous sheath and severe calcifications could be visualized and differentiated by 3DCT.
The Political Economy of European Security
Authors: Schilde Kaija
Published: September 2017

What is the relationship between private actors and international institutions in global governance, as institutions such as the EU develop aspects of political authority once in the sole domain of nation states? Important areas of recent EU development have been immigration, security, and defense policies. Are these EU policies the result of strategic imperatives, or are they also driven by the political economy of markets? Kaija Schilde argues that answers require evaluating the EU in the comparative tradition of the political development of authority. Drawing on industry documents, interviews, interest group data, an original survey, and comparative political theory, The Political Economy of European Security demonstrates that interest groups can change the outcomes of developing political institutions because they provide sources of external capacity, which in turn can produce authority over time. In this way, the EU is like a developing state in its relationship with interest groups.
At the Altar of Lynching
Authors: Mathews Donald G.
Published: September 2017

The story of a black day-laborer called Sam Hose killing his white employer in a workplace dispute ended in a lynching of enormous religious significance. For many deeply-religious communities in the Jim Crow South, killing those like Sam Hose restored balance to a moral cosmos upended by a heinous crime. A religious intensity in the mood and morality of segregation surpassed law, and in times of social crisis could justify illegal white violence - even to the extreme act of lynching. In At the Altar of Lynching, distinguished historian Donald G. Mathews offers a new interpretation of the murder of Sam Hose, which places the religious culture of the evangelical South at its center. He carefully considers how mainline Protestants, including women, not only in many instances came to support or accept lynching, but gave the act religious meaning and justification.
Martyrs’ blood in the English Reformations
Authors: Stylianou Anastasia
Published: September 2017

Protestant and Catholic martyrologies evolved in dialogue; however, they did not articulate a common conception of martyrdom. Viewing Protestant and Catholic martyrologies and notions of martyrdom as essentially similar obscures highly significant confessional differences, which generated fiercely opposed constructions of martyrdom. This argument is examined through an analysis of the treatment of martyrs’ blood in English martyrological texts, since this encapsulated core confessional theologies.
In Haitian women and preschool children, iron absorption from wheat flour-based meals fortified with sodium iron EDTA is higher than that from meals fortified with ferrous fumarate, and is not affected by Helicobacter pylori infection in children
Authors: Herter-Aeberli Isabelle , Eliancy Kerline , Rathon Yanick , Loechl Cornelia U. , Marhône Pierre Joseline , Zimmermann Michael B.
Published: September 2017

Fe fortification of wheat flour was proposed in Haiti to combat Fe deficiency, but Fe bioavailability from fortificants has never been investigated in Haitian women or preschool children, two key target groups. We aimed to investigate the bioavailability of ferrous fumarate (FeFum), NaFeEDTA and their combination from fortified wheat flour. We recruited twenty-two healthy mother–child pairs in Port au Prince, Haiti, for an Fe-absorption study. We administered stable Fe isotopes as FeFum or NaFeEDTA individually in low-extraction wheat flour bread rolls consumed by all participants in a randomised, cross-over design. In a final, identical meal, consumed only by the women, FeFum+NaFeEDTA was administered. We measured Fe absorption by using erythrocyte incorporation of stable isotopes 14 d after consumption of each meal, and determined Fe status, inflammatory markers and Helicobacter pylori infection. Fe absorption (geometric mean was 9·24 (95 % CI 6·35, 13·44) and 9·26 (95 % CI 7·00, 12·31) from FeFum and 13·06 (95 % CI 9·23, 19·10) and 12·99 (95 % CI 9·18, 18·39) from NaFeEDTA in mothers and children, respectively (P<0·05 between compounds). Fe absorption from FeFum+NaFeEDTA was 11·09 (95 % CI 7·45, 17·34) and did not differ from the other two meals. H. pylori infection did not influence Fe absorption in children. In conclusion, in Haitian women and children, Fe absorption from NaFeEDTA was 40 % higher than from FeFum, and the combination FeFum+NaFeEDTA did not significantly increase Fe absorption compared with FeFum alone. In the context of Haiti, where the high costs of NaFeEDTA may not be affordable, the use of FeFum at 60 mg Fe/kg flour may be a preferable, cost-effective fortification strategy.
A histopathological connection between a fatal endolymphatic sac tumour and von Hippel–Lindau disease from 1960
Authors: Bellairs J A , Gluth M B
Published: September 2017

Objective:

To highlight a case from 1960 connecting endolymphatic sac tumour and von Hippel–Lindau disease.

Case report:

In 1960, a 24-year-old woman presented with unilateral hearing loss, pulsatile tinnitus and a mass visible on otoscopy. The patient underwent surgical biopsy, which was complicated by haemorrhage, and ultimately resulted in death. At autopsy, a destructive temporal bone neoplasm with cystic and papillary architecture was observed that had eroded into the otic capsule. Intra-abdominal lesions consistent with von Hippel–Lindau disease were also observed, and the surgeon postulated a connection between endolymphatic sac tumour and von Hippel–Lindau disease.

Method:

A review of the literature was carried out using PubMed.

Conclusion:

Endolymphatic sac tumours are rare neoplasms of the temporal bone that can occur sporadically or as part of von Hippel–Lindau disease. The connection between endolymphatic sac tumour and von Hippel–Lindau disease was first proposed in 1988 and formalised in 1997. We believe that this case represents the first documented connection between endolymphatic sac tumour and von Hippel–Lindau disease.
The Social Dimension in EU Free Trade Agreements: ASEAN Perspectives
Authors: Ha Hai Hoang
Published: September 2017

This article analyses the positions of ASEAN countries on provisions of environmental and social sustainability included in the EU free trade agreements (FTA). In the EU’s new generation FTAs with ASEAN countries, there has been a notable and systematic EU approach of linking international labour conventions and multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) in its trade agreements, which reflects its ambition to play a significant role in ‘harnessing globalization’. However, during trade negotiations, contradictory positions between two sides originate from their different political, socio-economic and cultural backgrounds. When considering the developing countries’ objections to the issue from an ASEAN perspective, three main decisive points can be identified: the exclusive reliance on economic cost-related arguments, different perceptions of the trade-labour/environment nexus, and political and cultural-relativist arguments. Practical findings show that the EU faces resistance to this linkage from the ASEAN countries, which weakens its ability to promote universal social norms through trade.
Brexit and its Implications for European Integration
Authors: Luo Chih-Mei
Published: September 2017

On the eve of 60th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome, the UK voted to withdraw from the EU (so-called Brexit). The implications for European integration and EU policies are far from clear and require further investigation. This paper aims to answer: what does Brexit imply for European integration? What messages were sent to the EU from the UK referendum? Did EU leaders interpret these messages and implications correctly and did they respond with the right policy? After examining the competing interpretations, this paper argues that the sharp divisions between different socio-economic classes shown in voting behaviour highlight the imperative of addressing economic inequality and distributive injustice, which are rooted in the structural flaws of EU governance and have been aggravated by the mismanagement of the Euro crisis. To move European integration forward and to keep a ‘political Europe’ sustainable, a ‘social Europe’ making an ‘economic Europe’ more inclusive and fair is required.
Notfallpatienten – was nicht verpasst werden sollte
Authors: Horn Rudolf
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung. Notfallpatienten sind Patienten, die lebensbedrohlich erkrankt bzw. verunfallt sind oder bei denen die Gesundheit akut bedroht ist. Die Aufgabe des Notfallarztes ist es, mit zielgerichteten Untersuchungen die bedrohlichen Probleme zu erkennen und die Patienten zu stabilisieren. Sowohl in der Praxis wie in einer Permanence oder auf der Notfallstation eines Spitals besteht häufig die Befürchtung, eine wesentliche Diagnose zu verpassen. Bauchschmerzen, Atemnot oder neurologische Störungen gehören zu den häufigsten Symptomen, die den Patienten notfallmässig zum Arzt führen. Welche Diagnosen dürfen nicht verpasst werden?
Muskelschmerzen, Ikterus und akutes Nierenversagen
Authors: Gerosa Daniel , Walder Adrian , Schwegler Beat , Eigenmann Katja , Bodmer Michael
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung. Wir berichten über einen 52-jährigen Patienten, der sich mit Fieber, starken Muskelschmerzen, Ikterus, akuter Niereninsuffizienz, Anämie und Thrombozytopenie vorstellte. Aufgrund der Anamnese sowie der typischen Klinik konnte eine Leptospirose klinisch vermutet und mittels PCR diagnostiziert werden.
Clues Found That Earth May Have a Thermostat Set to “Habitable”
Authors: Joel Lucas
Published: September 2017

Weathering of rocks can control Earth’s temperature over geologic timescales, new geochemical data suggest.
Giant magnetoelectric effects achieved by tuning spin cone symmetry in Y-type hexaferrites
Authors: Zhai Kun , Wu Yan , Shen Shipeng , Tian Wei , Cao Huibo , Chai Yisheng , Chakoumakos Bryan C. , Shang Dashan , Yan Liqin , Wang Fangwei , Sun Young
Published: September 2017

Multiferroics materials, which exhibit coupled magnetic and ferroelectric properties, have attracted tremendous research interest because of their potential in constructing next-generation multifunctional devices. The application of single-phase multiferroics is currently limited by their usually small magnetoelectric effects. Here, we report the realization of giant magnetoelectric effects in a Y-type hexaferrite Ba0.4Sr1.6Mg2Fe12O22 single crystal, which exhibits record-breaking direct and converse magnetoelectric coefficients and a large electric-field-reversed magnetization. We have uncovered the origin of the giant magnetoelectric effects by a systematic study in the Ba2-x
Sr
x
Mg2Fe12O22 family with magnetization, ferroelectricity and neutron diffraction measurements. With the transverse spin cone symmetry restricted to be two-fold, the one-step sharp magnetization reversal is realized and giant magnetoelectric coefficients are achieved. Our study reveals that tuning magnetic symmetry is an effective route to enhance the magnetoelectric effects also in multiferroic hexaferrites.
Genomic comparison of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its precursor lesions by multi-region whole-exome sequencing
Authors: Chen Xi-Xi , Zhong Qian , Liu Yang , Yan Shu-Mei , Chen Zhang-Hua , Jin Shan-Zhao , Xia Tian-Liang , Li Ruo-Yan , Zhou Ai-Jun , Su Zhe , Huang Yu-Hua , Huang Qi-Tao , Huang Li-Yun , Zhang Xing , Zhao Yan-Na , Yun Jin-Ping , Wu Qiu-Liang , Lin Dong-Xin , Bai Fan , Zeng Mu-Sheng
Published: September 2017

Esophageal squamous dysplasia is believed to be the precursor lesion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC﻿); however, the genetic evolution from dysplasia to ESCC remains poorly understood. Here, we applied multi-region whole-exome sequencing to samples from two cohorts, 45 ESCC patients with matched dysplasia and carcinoma samples, and 13 tumor-free patients with only dysplasia samples. Our analysis reveals that dysplasia is heavily mutated and harbors most of the driver events reported in ESCC. Moreover, dysplasia is polyclonal, and remarkable heterogeneity is often observed between tumors and their neighboring dysplasia samples. Notably, copy number alterations are prevalent in dysplasia and persist during the ESCC progression, which is distinct from the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. The sharp contrast in the prevalence of the ‘two-hit’ event on TP53 between the two cohorts suggests that the complete inactivation of TP53 is essential in promoting the development of ESCC.
Inflexible neurobiological signatures precede atypical development in infants at high risk for autism
Authors: Denisova Kristina , Zhao Guihu
Published: September 2017

Variability in neurobiological signatures is ubiquitous in early life but the link to adverse developmental milestones in humans is unknown. We examined how levels of signal and noise in movement signatures during the 1st year of life constrain early development in 71 healthy typically developing infants, either at High or Low familial Risk (HR or LR, respectively) for developing Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Delays in early learning developmental trajectories in HR infants (validated in an analysis of 1,445 infants from representative inf﻿ant-sibling studies) were predicted by worse stochastic patterns in their spontaneous head movements as early as 1–2 months after birth, relative to HR infants who showed more rapid developmental progress, as well as relative to all LR infants. While LR 1–2 mo-old infants’ movements were significantly different during a language listening task compared to during sleep, HR infants’ movements were more similar during both conditions, a striking lack of diversity that reveals context-inflexible experience of ambient information. Contrary to expectation, it is not the level of variability per se that is particularly detrimental in early life. Rather, inflexible sensorimotor systems and/or atypical transition between behavioral states may interfere with the establishment of capacity to extract structure and important cues from sensory input at birth, preceding and contributing to an atypical brain developmental trajectory in toddlerhood.
Response induced in Mycoplasma gallisepticum under heat shock might be relevant to infection process
Authors: Butenko Ivan , Vanyushkina Anna , Pobeguts Olga , Matyushkina Daria , Kovalchuk Sergey , Gorbachev Alexey , Anikanov Nicolay , Fisunov Gleb , Govorun Vadim
Published: September 2017

Despite the fact the term “proteome” was proposed to characterize a set of proteins in one of mycoplasma species, proteome response to various exposures in this bacteria are still obscure. Commonly, authors studying proteomic response on perturbation models in mycoplasmas use single approach and do not confirm their findings by alternative methods. Consequently, the results of proteomic analysis should be validated by complementary techniques. In this study we utilized three complementary approaches (SWATH, MRM, 2D-DIGE) to assess response of Mycoplasma gallisepticum under heat stress on proteomic level and combined these findings with metabolic response and the results of transcriptional profiling. We divide response into two modes – one is directly related to heat stress and other is triggered during heat stress, but not directly relevant to it. The latter includes accumulation of ATP and shedding of antigens. Both of these phenomena may be relevant to evasion of host’s immune system and dissemination during mycoplasmosis in vivo.