bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of Architectural Dysplastic Features from Histopathological Imagery of Oral Mucosa Using Neural Networks
Authors: Chantapakul Watchanan , Vetchaporn Sirikanlaya , Auephanwiriyakul Sansanee , Theera-Umpon Nipon , Wongkhuenkaew Ritipong , Yeesarapat Uklid , Chamusri Nutchapon , Wongsapai Mansuang
Published: February 2025

Oral cancer is a serious illness, but it is potentially curable if early detection can be achieved successfully. Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), which is a precursor to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), can provide abnormal characteristics to diagnose the risk of developing oral cancer. This paper proposes a neural network architecture for detecting dysplastic features of epithelial architecture, including irregular epithelial stratification and bulbous rete ridges. The different combinations of atrous convolution, batch normalization, global pooling, and dropout are discussed regarding their effects, along with an ablation study. A signature library containing image patches was constructed and utilized to train the models. The best-performing model in the validation set attained an average accuracy of 97.52%. The results of the blind test from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves show that the best model reached the best probability of detection, 0.8571, for irregular epithelial stratifications and 0.8462 for the bulbous rete ridges.
The Antimicrobial Peptide D-CONGA-Q7 Eradicates Drug-Resistant E. coli by Disrupting Bacterial Cell Membranes
Authors: Jiang Zonghan , Sun Leisheng , Li Yuanyuan , Li Haoyu , Fu Yu , Li Jiyun , Sun Zhiliang
Published: February 2025

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a zoonotic bacterium widespread in the environment, highly transmissible, and responsible for significant economic losses and millions of cases of illness annually. The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains has rendered last-line antibiotics such as polymyxin and meropenem ineffective, making the development of new antibiotics urgent. Although D-CONGA-Q7 has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity, its underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we used in vitro and in vivo experiments to demonstrate that D-CONGA-Q7 effectively kills both antibiotic-sensitive and multidrug-resistant strains of E. coli. D-CONGA-Q7 disrupts the cell membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, and the treatment of E. coli strain LN175 with D-CONGA-Q7 resulted in a significant up-regulation of the Mlac gene, suggesting that D-CONGA-Q7 may interact with phospholipids in the cell membrane. Furthermore, in treating K88-induced bacterial enteritis in the small intestine, D-CONGA-Q7 significantly reduced intestinal inflammation. In conclusion, this study provides a novel approach to combat drug-resistant E. coli.
Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly and Comparative Transcriptome Analyses Identified Energy Conservation as a Key Strategy for Anadromous Adaptation of the Hilsa Shad, Tenualosa ilisha (Clupeiformes: Dorosomatidae)
Authors: Sarker Kishor Kumar , Lu Liang , Mandal Roland Nathan , Rahman Md Rashedur , Sarker Anirban , Baki Mohammad Abdul , Li Chenhong
Published: February 2025

Anadromous migration toward riverine tributaries is often challenged by altered environmental cues, food scarcity, and energy demands, sometimes at the expense of life itself. Tenualosa ilisha (Clupeiformes: Dorosomatidae), the national fish of Bangladesh, an anadromous shad, offers a model for understanding the molecular mechanisms of migration. To this end, we present a chromosome-level genome of T. ilisha and compare its transcriptomic imprints from muscle and liver across environments to trace the physiological shifts driving the migration. We observed rapid expansion of gene families to facilitate efficient signaling and osmotic balance, as well as a substantial selection pressure in metabolism regulatory genes, potentially relevant to a highly anadromous fish. We detected 1298 and 252 differentially expressed transcripts between sea and freshwater in the liver and muscle of T. ilisha, respectively, reflecting habitat and organ-specific adaptations. Co-expression analysis led us to hypothesize that the strength required for breeding migration toward upstream rivers is fueled by muscle protein catabolism forming ubiquitin-proteasomal complexes. In the liver, we observed a group of genes promoting fatty acid (FA) synthesis significantly in the riverine habitat. Regulation of FADS2 and ELOVL2 in the river reasoned the natural abundance of LC-PUFAs with better energy utilization in T. ilisha. Moreover, active gluconeogenesis and reduced insulin signaling in the liver are possibly linked to glucose homeostasis, potentially induced by prolonged starvation during migration. These genomic resources will accelerate the future evolutionary and functional genomics studies of T. ilisha.
Probe-Based Fluorescence Spectroscopy for In Situ Brain Tumor Measurements During Resection and Needle Biopsies
Authors: Wårdell Karin , Klint Elisabeth , Richter Johan
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Primary brain tumors are difficult to identify intraoperatively due to their infiltrative character in the marginal zone. Several optical methods have been suggested. Of these, 5-ALA-induced fluorescence visualized through a microscope is the most common. The aim is to present an investigational probe-based optical system and its translation for clinical use, summarize previous studies, and give examples of clinical implementations during resection and burr hole biopsies. Methods: The FluoRa system combines 5-ALA fluorescence spectroscopy with laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Probe designs are available for brain tumor resection (hand-held probe) or burr hole needle biopsies (frame-based or navigated). The outer cannulas of biopsy needles are modified with an opening at the tip for simultaneous use with optical probes during insertion along the trajectory. An updated version of FluoRa is introduced and experimentally investigated. Results: Probe-based fluorescence spectroscopy has been successfully translated for clinical use and applied during brain tumor resection (n = 75) and burr hole needle biopsies (n = 47). Forward-looking optical measurements through the biopsy needle reduce the number of trajectories (28/27) compared to prior to insertion (28/20), at the same time that the target for tissue sampling can be identified in situ. Additionally, increased microcirculation is identified along the trajectory with LDF. This is accomplished with FluoRa. Conclusions: Intraoperative probe-based spectroscopic measurements quantify 5-ALA fluorescence and thus identify glioblastoma and lymphoma tissue in situ during resection and burr hole needle biopsies.
Quantifying the Multidimensionality of Abstract Concepts: An Italian Database
Authors: Borsa Virginia Maria , Arioli Maria , Verni Riccardo , Canessa Nicola , Cappa Stefano F. , Catricalà Eleonora
Published: February 2025

Background: The embodied cognition approach, as applied to concrete knowledge, is centred on the role of the perceptual and motor aspects of experience. To extend the embodied framework to abstract knowledge, some studies have suggested that further dimensions, such as affective or social experiences, are relevant for the semantic representations of abstract concepts. The objective of this study is to develop a measure that can quantitatively capture the multidimensional nature of abstract concepts. Methods: We used dimension-rating methods, known to be suitable, to account for the semantic representations of abstract concepts, to develop a new database of 964 Italian words, rated by 542 participants. Besides classical psycholinguistic variables (i.e., concreteness, imageability, familiarity, age of acquisition, semantic diversity) and affective norms (i.e., valence, arousal), we collected ratings on selected dimensions characterizing the semantic representations of abstract concepts, i.e., introspective, mental state, quantitative, spatial, social, moral, theoretical, and economic dimensions. The measure of exclusivity was incorporated to quantify the number of dimensions, and the respective relevance, for each concept. Concepts with a high value of exclusivity rely on only one/a few dimension/s with high value on the respective rating scale. Results: A multidimensional representation characterized most abstract concepts, with two robust major clusters. The first was characterized by dense intersections among introspective, mental state, social, and moral dimensions; the second, less interconnected, cluster revolved around quantitative, spatial, theoretical, and economic dimensions. Quantitative, theoretical, and economic concepts obtained higher exclusivity values. Conclusions: The present study contributes to the investigation of the semantic organization of abstract words and supports a controlled selection and definition of stimuli for clinical and research settings.
Portland Limestone Cement in Concrete Pavement and Bridge Decks: Performance Evaluation and Future Directions
Authors: Akerele Daniel D. , Aguayo Federico , Wu Lingzi
Published: February 2025

With the rising demand for sustainable infrastructure, addressing the limitations of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is crucial, particularly for exposed structures such as pavements and bridge decks. Portland limestone cement (PLC) is a sustainable alternative that delivers environmental benefits and comparable performance. This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis with a random-effects model to evaluate PLC’s strength development, durability, and sustainability. The findings indicate that PLC generally matches or surpasses OPC in terms of compressive strength, freeze–thaw resistance, and sulfate durability. However, its setting time and early-age cracking require further optimization, especially in cold climates. Additionally, this study highlights the fire performance advantages of PLC and its enhanced chloride resistance. The analysis identified critical research gaps, including long-term field performance and regional adaptation to extreme environmental conditions. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of PLC’s role in sustainable construction and offer future research directions on hybrid cements and admixture compatibility.
Research on Solution Method for Cable-Stayed Bridge Formation Based on Influence Matrix and Interior Point Method
Authors: Huang Yidong , Xu Yufeng , Chen Si
Published: February 2025

A cable tension calculation method based on an influence matrix and the interior point method is proposed for the optimization of cable tension of cable-stayed bridges with multiple performance indicators. Taking a hybrid beam cable-stayed bridge as an example, an objective function based on the bending energy of the tower and beam was established using an influence matrix. Constraints on the range and uniformity of cable force values, the deformation amplitude of the main beam and tower, and the local bending moment of the main beam were established. A cable force optimization model for a completed cable-stayed bridge was formed, and the interior point method was applied to calculate the optimization model. The results show that using an influence matrix and the interior point method to optimize the cable tension of cable-stayed bridges is feasible. The bridge state corresponding to the cable tension solved by this method meets the set evaluation criteria for the bridge state, and some constraint conditions obtain boundary values. This method is simple, practical, and easy to program and implement.
Strength Reduction Factor of Steel Frames with Stainless-Steel Braces
Authors: Ding Yu , Shi Yan , Qin Hongguo , Wang Xuexin
Published: February 2025

Previous studies on the strength reduction factor (SRF) have primarily focused on structures without braces or with traditional mild steel braces. However, due to the corrosion damage affecting braces, the existing research cannot guide the application of damage control concepts in corrosive environments. In contrast, stainless-steel braces provide a new direction for applying damage control due to their excellent corrosion resistance. This paper investigates the SRF of steel frames with stainless-steel braces to fill this gap. An equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) dual system was established, with a steel frame and a stainless-steel brace in parallel, by simulating the nonlinear mechanical behavior of the stainless-steel braces using the Ramberg–Osgood (R-O) hysteresis model. A corresponding procedure for calculating the SRF spectra was developed. The effects of the displacement ductility factor, site conditions, R-O hysteresis model parameter, and fuse control parameters were statistically analyzed. The results show that the stainless-steel braces could significantly improve the SRF of the braced steel frame, enhancing its structural strength reserve, with the R-O hysteresis model parameter suggesting a particularly significant impact (up to 18%). Finally, a predictive model of the R-μ-T-n-α-β relationship was developed, providing a computational tool for the seismic design of braced steel frames in corrosive environments.
Distribution of EGFR and KRAS Mutations in Patients with Surgically Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer from Southern Italy: Real-Life Data from a Single Institution and Literature Review
Authors: Piazzolla Michele , Parente Paola , Centra Flavia , Fabrizio Federico Pio , Delcuratolo Marco Donatello , Centonza Antonella , Di Micco Concetta Martina , Mastroianno Mario , Delli Muti Francesco , Fiordelisi Fabiola , Ferretti Gianmaria , Graziano Paolo , Muscarella Lucia Anna
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The identification of driver mutations in NSCLC such as those in the EGFR and KRAS genes has revolutionized the understanding and management of many lung cancer patients and has opened up a new scenario in the early disease stages in terms of therapeutic options (EGFR) and prognosis (KRAS). Data on prevalence rates and disease stage distributions of EGFR and KRAS mutations in surgically resected NSCLC are growing, but in Southern Italy, estimation is limited, since upfront EGFR testing in early-stage adenocarcinoma has been only recently introduced according to the current guidelines in clinical practice, whereas KRAS screening is usually uninvestigated in resected NSCLC. In this real-life study of a single institution in the Apulia Region, we provide an overview of the epidemiological distribution of EGFR and KRAS mutations in patients in Southern Italy with resected NSCLC, highlighting their prevalence, clinical significance, and correlation with demographic and pathological factors. A literature review was also performed to compare our findings with the most recent available data from the screening of Italian cohorts of advanced and surgically resected NSCLC patients. Methods: Data from 149 patients coming from Southern Italy with surgically resected NSCLC were retrospectively collected over a period of 16 years. EGFR and KRAS mutation screenings were performed and correlated with clinical and pathological data. Results: In total, 24 out of 149 NSCLC (16%) patients harbored an EGFR mutation. Exon 19 deletions and missense p.L858R mutations of the EGFR gene have quite similar frequencies (46%) and were more observed in never smokers (p < 0.001) and female (p < 0.001) patients with the adenocarcinoma histotype. KRAS gene mutations were detected in 31.5% of cases, with missense p.G12C (32%), p.G12V (28%), and p.G12D (17%) mutations as the most frequent ones. Neither EGFR nor KRAS mutational status were found to impact overall survival (OS) in our study cohort. Conclusions: Our findings improve the understanding of lung cancer genetics in a small and homogeneous area of Southern Italy and guide future research. The EGFR and KRAS mutations in NSCLC resected patients from Southern Italy showed a global similar incidence compared to other recently described Italian cohorts of advanced and early-stage NSCLC, with a higher frequency of exon19 EGFR deletions. No prognostic impact was observed for both EGFR and KRAS status, but additional investigations on a larger cohort are needed.
Functional and Aesthetic Outcomes of Post-Mohs Nasal Reconstruction
Authors: Alexander Nora A. , Enin Kwasi , Ji Jenny , Spataro Emily
Published: February 2025

Background: Similar to patients undergoing rhinoplasty, patients undergoing post-Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) nasal reconstruction are concerned with both nasal form and function. Objectives: The objectives were to identify patient, defect, and surgical characteristics associated with post-MMS nasal reconstruction outcomes. Methods & Materials: A retrospective single-institution cohort study was conducted of post-MMS nasal reconstruction surgeries occurring between 2015 and 2020. Patient, defect, and surgical details were collected along with nasal aesthetic and functional outcomes. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to analyze data. Results: A total of 167 nasal MMS defects among 160 patients met the inclusion criteria. The median age was 66 years, and 70% were female. A poor aesthetic outcome (n = 20, 12.0%) was associated with diabetes (aOR 6.277, 95% CI 2.193–17.965). Post-operative nasal obstruction (n = 17, 10.2%) was associated with obesity (aOR 20.976, 95% CI 2.406–182.845) and major revision surgery (aOR 12.192, 95% CI 2.838–52.382). Conclusion: Post-MMS nasal reconstruction aesthetic and functional outcomes are associated with obesity, diabetes, and revision surgery. Improved standardization of functional and cosmetic outcomes is important to better understand these results in the future.
The West Atlantic Hoary Rubble Crab, Banareia palmeri, Behaves Like a Corallivore
Authors: Ozten Low L. Alev , Willems Max , Hoeksema Bert W.
Published: February 2025

Various photographs of the West Atlantic hoary rubble crab, Banareia palmeri (Rathbun, 1894), published on the internet show individuals being perched on branching octocorals. This habitat relationship has not been given attention in the scientific literature. The crab belongs to the brachyuran decapod family Xanthidae, which includes other species that associate with corals and zoantharians. Other aspects of the biology of B. palmeri, such as its diet, are unknown. During a night dive in Bonaire, an individual of B. palmeri was observed cutting off the tip of a sea rod, Pseudoplexaura sp., and pulling the loose fragment to its hiding place. The crab has also been observed in association with other octocoral species, such as Gorgonia ventalina Linnaeus, 1758. Close examination of the crab’s claws revealed that the inner edges resemble saws by bearing tooth-like structures with sharp edges, which explains how this animal is able to cut through the coral’s soft tissue and horny axis. These findings suggest that the crab is an expert in clipping octocoral branches, which may explain why some sea rod branches can be observed missing their original rounded tips and have regenerated pointy ends instead. Considering the octocoral’s regeneration capacity, it would be relevant to study how fast these branch tips are able to heal and whether fragments escaping from the crab’s claws are able to survive. Future examination of the crab’s gut contents and aquarium experiments may be able to provide more information about its dietary preferences.
HOSPI Application to Portuguese Hospitals’ Websites
Authors: Soares Delfina , Carvalho Joana , Sarantis Dimitrios
Published: February 2025

The Health Online Service Provision Index (HOSPI) is an instrument to assess and monitor hospitals’ websites. The index comprises four criteria—Content, Services, Community Interaction and Technology Features—each with a subset of indicators and sub-indicators. HOSPI was applied to the Portuguese hospitals’ websites in 2023, originating the dataset described in this article. The article also provides a detailed account of the data collection process, which involved direct observation of the websites and specific treatment methods, ensuring the reliability and validity of the dataset. It underscores the relevance of having this data available and how it can improve service provision online in health facilities and support policymaking.
Acoustic Feature Excitation-and-Aggregation Network Based on Multi-Task Learning for Speech Emotion Recognition
Authors: Qi Xin , Song Qing , Chen Guowei , Zhang Pengzhou , Fu Yao
Published: February 2025

In recent years, substantial research has focused on emotion recognition using multi-stream speech representations. In existing multi-stream speech emotion recognition (SER) approaches, effectively extracting and fusing speech features is crucial. To overcome the bottleneck in SER caused by the fusion of inter-feature information, including challenges like modeling complex feature relations and the inefficiency of fusion methods, this paper proposes an SER framework based on multi-task learning, named AFEA-Net. The framework consists of a speech emotion alignment learning (SEAL), an acoustic feature excitation-and-aggregation mechanism (AFEA), and a continuity learning. First, SEAL aligns sentiment information between WavLM and Fbank features. Then, we design an acoustic feature excitation-and-aggregation mechanism to adaptively calibrate and merge the two features. Furthermore, we introduce a continuity learning strategy to explore the distinctiveness and complementarity of dual-stream features from intra- and inter-speech. Experimental results on the publicly available IEMOCAP and RAVDESS sentiment datasets show that our proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art SER approaches. Specifically, we achieve 75.1% WA, 75.3% UAR, 76% precision, and 75.4% F1-score on IEMOCAP, and 80.3%, 80.6%, 80.8%, and 80.4% on RAVDESS, respectively.
A Compact and High-Efficiency Design of Triple-Band Rectifier for Wireless Power Transfer
Authors: Liu Yan , Xie Gang
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a novel method for the design of arbitrary tri-band rectifiers. This method proposes a novel multiband impedance matching network (IMN) consisting of three Transmission Lines (TLINs), which can realise the matching of source and complex impedance matching in any three bands. For the first time, a network is proposed that realises the second harmonic suppression in three bands using only three TLINs. The Harmonic Suppression Network (HSN) is independent of other parts, which reduces the interaction between TLINs and simplifies the derivation process. For demonstration, the three bands are set to 2.45, 3.5 and 5.8 GHz in the theoretical analysis of closed-form equations. The measured results show that the maximum Power Conversion Efficiencies (PCEs) are 75.4%, 71.2%, and 80.9% at a load of 200 Ω, respectively. This approach to designing compact and efficient tri-band rectifiers has great potential for wireless power transfer applications.
The Development, Current Status and Challenges of Salt Cavern Hydrogen Storage Technology in China
Authors: Huang Jun , Ge Xinbo , Ma Hongling , Shi Xilin , Li Yinping
Published: February 2025

This paper provides a systematic visualization of the development, current status and challenges of salt cavern hydrogen storage technology based on the relevant literature from the past five years in the Web of Science Core Collection database. Using VOSviewer (version 1.6.20) and CiteSpace software (advanced version 6.3.R3), this study analyzes the field from a knowledge mapping perspective. The findings reveal that global research hotspots are primarily focused on multi-energy collaboration, integration of renewable energy systems and exploration of commercialization, highlighting the essential role of salt cavern hydrogen storage in driving the energy transition and promoting sustainable development. In China, research mainly concentrates on theoretical innovations and technological optimizations to address complex geological conditions. Despite the rapid growth in the number of Chinese publications, unresolved challenges remain, such as the complexity of layered salt rock, and thermodynamic coupling effects during high-frequency injection and extraction, as well as issues concerning permeability and microbial activity. Moving forward, China’s salt cavern hydrogen storage technology should focus on strengthening engineering practices suited to local geological conditions and enhancing the application of intelligent technologies, thereby facilitating the translation of theoretical research into practical applications.
Correction: Tetteh, N.; Noguchi, M. Re-Conceptualizing Vertical Subdivision Development for Sustainable, Affordable Housing Delivery. Encyclopedia 2024, 4, 256–272
Authors: Tetteh Nathan , Noguchi Masa
Published: February 2025

In the original publication [...]
Are There Spatial Spillover Effects of Carbon Emission Trading Policy on Forest Carbon Sink Growth in China?
Authors: Mu Yali , Yu Zhihan , Cheng Haotian , Yang Hongqiang
Published: February 2025

Forests, with their ecosystem services capabilities, play a critical role in absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, positioning forest carbon sinks as important components of China’s strategy to achieve carbon neutrality. However, due to the spatial correlation inherent in forest carbon sink dynamics, the development of these sinks cannot be fully segmented by region. Due to the interconnected nature of forest ecosystems, carbon sink growth exhibits regional interactions rather than isolated developments, necessitating a transregional perspective to comprehensively understand carbon sinks in China. This study derives a spatial effect model to analyze carbon sink growth and assess the transregional spillover effects of forest carbon sink growth. The analysis is based on panel data from 26 provinces in China from 2003 to 2021. The results show that the forest carbon sink growth in one province is often influenced by the neighboring regions, highlighting significant transregional spillover effects. Policies, e.g., Carbon Emission Trading (CET), and forest management practices like tending were found to positively influence the local forest carbon sink growth and generate substantial positive spillover effects in the neighboring provinces. Our results indicate that the total effect of the implementation of the CET policy leads to a 3% increase in carbon sink growth across the 26 provinces in China over the study period from spatial DID estimation. In contrast, urbanization and the increasing value-added services associated with economic growth negatively impact forest carbon sink growth both locally and in neighboring regions. These findings underscore the necessity of a coordinated national strategy to enhance forest carbon sinks, integrating both direct and indirect regional effects. Aligning economic development with carbon sink goals will enable China to effectively balance environmental and economic priorities. Policy recommendations are provided to improve CET mechanisms and foster regional collaboration for sustainable forest management.
Seasonal Dynamics of Trunk Sap Flow of Typical Tree Species in Dry and Hot Valleys and Responses to Environmental Factors
Authors: Peng Lingxiao , Sun Yongyu , He Zhenmin , Li Xiangfei , Luo Zhifeng , Zhou Shan , Ou Zhaorong
Published: February 2025

Trunk sap flow is essential for assessing plant water use efficiency and adaptation, yet the mechanisms underlying drought resistance and water utilization strategies in dry and hot valleys remain poorly understood. This study investigates the sap flow dynamics of four tree species (Albizia kalkora, Diospyros dumetorum, Terminalia franchetii, and Acacia auriculiformis) in a dry and hot valley using Granier’s thermal diffusion probe method. The aims were to analyze interspecific differences and their response mechanisms to environmental factors using a fitted model of sap flow density and transpiration variables, supplemented by Pearson’s and Mantel’s tests. The results showed that (1) the trunk sap flow of each tree species is significantly higher in the wet season than in the dry season. (2) In the dry and wet seasons, the average trunk sap flow rates were in the order Albizia kalkora > Diospyros dumetorum > Terminalia franchetii > Acacia auriculiformis. (3) The correlation between environmental factors and trunk sap flow was in the order photosynthetically active radiation > atmospheric temperature > saturated water vapor pressure difference > relative humidity > wind speed. (4) Deciduous plants demonstrated stronger water-conducting capacities than evergreen plants and native plants exhibited better drought resistance than introduced plants. (5) Acacia auriculiformis and Albizia kalkora were identified as rainfall-sensitive plants, while Diospyros dumetorum and Terminalia franchetii were rainfall-insensitive. By optimizing species selection based on water use efficiency, rainfall sensitivity, and environmental conditions such as light and temperature, this research contributes to enhancing the stability and resilience of ecosystem restoration in arid regions.
Groundwater Vulnerability in the Aftermath of Wildfires at the El Sutó Spring Area: Model-Based Insights and the Proposal of a Post-Fire Vulnerability Index for Dry Tropical Forests
Authors: Guzmán-Rojo Mónica , Silva de Freitas Luiza , Coritza Taquichiri Enrrique , Huysmans Marijke
Published: February 2025

In response to the escalating frequency and severity of wildfires, this study carried out a preliminary assessment of their impact on groundwater systems by simulating post-fire effects on groundwater recharge. The study focuses on the El Sutó spring area in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, a region that is susceptible to water scarcity and frequent wildfires. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) Soil-Water-Balance model version 2.0 was utilized, adjusting soil texture and infiltration capacity parameters to reflect the changes induced by wildfire events. The findings indicated a significant decrease in groundwater recharge following a hypothetical high-severity wildfire, with an average reduction of approximately 39.5% in the first year post-fire. A partial recovery was modeled thereafter, resulting in an estimated long-term average reduction of 10%. Based on these results, the El Sutó spring was provisionally classified as having high vulnerability shortly after a wildfire and moderate vulnerability in the extended period. Building on these model-based impacts, a preliminary Fire-Related Forest Recharge Impact Score (FRIS) was proposed. This index is grounded in soil properties and recharge dynamics and is designed to assess hydrological vulnerability after wildfires in dry tropical forests. Although these findings remain exploratory, they offer a predictive framework intended to guide future studies and inform strategies for managing wildfire impacts on groundwater resources.
Statistical Analysis of the Characteristics and Laws in Larger and Above Gas Explosion Accidents in Chinese Coal Mines from 2010 to 2020
Authors: Guo Huimin , Cheng Lianhua , Li Shugang
Published: February 2025

Gas explosions are the most serious type of accident in coal mines in China. This study analyzed 125 gas explosion accidents that occurred between 2010 and 2020. The results showed that the number of gas explosion accidents and deaths in 2010–2020 was stable and decreasing. The number of larger gas explosion accidents in 2010–2020 is the largest, but the death toll from major accidents was much greater. Coal faces, headings, and roadways are the main locations where gas explosions are initiated. The coal mines in which gas explosions occur in coal faces and headings are mainly “township” enterprises and private mines, all of which engage in illegal operations. The main cause of gas accumulations in roadways is ventilation system failure; these failures can be reduced with improved ventilations system management. The number of gas explosion accidents and related deaths in the Sichuan, Guizhou, and Heilongjiang provinces are very high. The annual change in the frequency of gas explosion accidents, the quarterly distribution of gas explosion accidents, and time during a mining shift when gas explosion accidents occur are closely related to national policies and regulations, company annual production goals, and the mental status of miners, respectively.
Redefining Aquaculture Safety with Artificial Intelligence: Design Innovations, Trends, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Ma Feng , Fan Zewen , Nikolaeva Anna , Bao Haoran
Published: February 2025

In recent years, safety concerns in aquaculture have become increasingly prominent due to various factors. Concurrently, the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) has offered novel approaches to addressing these challenges. This paper provides a comprehensive review and synthesis of AI applications in aquaculture safety over the past few decades, while also suggesting future directions. Utilizing bibliometric tools such as Citespace and VOSviewer, we analyzed 513 publications spanning from 1998 to 2025. Our analysis highlighted a growing global research interest in this emerging field. Furthermore, it is forecasted that the integration of remote sensing technology, immune response monitoring, and cross-disciplinary innovations will drive the transformation of aquaculture safety management toward a more intelligent, proactive, and sustainable approach. These advancements are expected to enhance the precision and efficiency of risk assessment and disease prevention in aquaculture systems.
Content of Short-Lived Radionuclides (54Mn, 60Co, and 65Zn) in Fish
Authors: Zarubina Nataliia E. , Semak Vladislav , Ponomarenko Liliia P. , Burdo Oleg S.
Published: February 2025

This review summarizes data on the accumulation of three short-lived biogenic radionuclides—54Mn, 60Co, and 65Zn—in various fish species in the cooling pond of the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine, along with an analysis of the available literature. Significant differences exist in 54Mn, 60Co, and 65Zn accumulation levels among the different fish species. Food intake is the primary pathway for these radionuclides to enter the fish organisms. These radionuclides accumulate differently in various organs and tissues. There is no consensus on the specific organ that primarily accumulates each radionuclide. In most studies, the highest concentrations of 54Mn have been recorded in internal organs. The kidneys are identified as the main organ accumulating 60Co. The highest concentrations of 65Zn are typically found in the liver and kidneys; however, significant accumulation is also noted in external organs and tissues (gills, fins). In most cases, the lowest concentrations of 54Mn, 60Co, and 65Zn are observed in the muscle tissues of fish.
Effects of Lemongrass Essential Oil on Key Aromas of Pickled Radish During Storage Using HS–GC–IMS and in Silico Approaches
Authors: Li Zelin , Gao Ziqi , Li Chao , Wu Yanghuan , Xia Yiqiu , Ni Linyu , Yan Jing , Hu Yifan , Wang Dongyu , Niu Zhirui , Cao Changwei , Tian Hao , Liu Xiuwei
Published: February 2025

To investigate the effects of lemongrass essential oil on the key volatile aroma compounds of pickled radish (PR) during storage, this study used headspace–gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry, fingerprint analysis, multivariate statistical analysis, and molecular docking to study different PR samples. The results indicated that a total of 48 volatile aromatic compounds were identified. Fingerprint analysis revealed that the aroma profiles of samples at different storage stages were different. Using the screening criteria of p < 0.05 and variable importance for the projection > 1 in multivariate statistical analysis, and relative odor activity value > 1, six potential key aroma compounds were selected. Furthermore, phenylethyl acetate, β-ocimene, 4-heptanone, and limonene were determined as the key aroma compounds that affect the PR aroma profile after adding lemongrass essential oil. Moreover, the addition of lemongrass essential oil increased the fruit and sweet aroma of PR samples during storage. The results of molecular docking indicated that the recognition of these four odors was mainly accomplished through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bond interactions by docking OR1A1 and OR5M3 receptors. This study can offer a preliminary foundation and theoretical support for the in-depth exploration of the paocai industry.
A POD-Based Reduced-Dimension Method for Solution Coefficient Vectors in the Crank–Nicolson Mixed Finite Element Method for the Fourth-Order Parabolic Equation
Authors: Chang Xiaohui , Li Hong
Published: February 2025

This research proposes a method for reducing the dimension of the coefficient vector for Crank–Nicolson mixed finite element (CNMFE) solutions to solve the fourth-order variable coefficient parabolic equation. Initially, the CNMFE schemes and corresponding matrix schemes for the equation are established, followed by a thorough discussion of the uniqueness, stability, and error estimates for the CNMFE solutions. Next, a matrix-form reduced-dimension CNMFE (RDCNMFE) method is developed utilizing proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) technology, with an in-depth discussion of the uniqueness, stability, and error estimates of the RDCNMFE solutions. The reduced-dimension method employs identical basis functions, unlike standard CNMFE methods. It significantly reduces the number of unknowns in the computations, thereby effectively decreasing computational time, while there is no loss of accuracy. Finally, numerical experiments are performed for both fourth-order and time-fractional fourth-order parabolic equations. The proposed method demonstrates its effectiveness not only for the fourth-order parabolic equations but also for time-fractional fourth-order parabolic equations, which further validate the universal applicability of the POD-based RDCNMFE method. Under a spatial discretization grid 40×40, the traditional CNMFE method requires 2×412 degrees of freedom at each time step, while the RDCNMFE method reduces the degrees of freedom to 2×6 through POD technology. The numerical results show that the RDCNMFE method is nearly 10 times faster than the traditional method. This clearly demonstrates the significant advantage of the RDCNMFE method in saving computational resources.
Analysing Gender and Temporal Dynamics in Human Mobility Patterns in Central Sweden
Authors: Sadeghian Paria , Mojarrad Brian Babak
Published: February 2025

Human mobility plays a fundamental role in urban life, shaping the development of infrastructure, transportation systems, and public spaces. Understanding the dynamics of mobility patterns is essential for creating sustainable and inclusive urban environments. This study investigates the influence of gender and temporal variations on human mobility within a city in central Sweden, shedding light on how movement patterns fluctuate throughout the day and differ across gender groups. The findings reveal significant temporal shifts in mobility hotspots, with individuals travelling to different areas at varying intensities depending on the time of day. These variations highlight the dynamic nature of urban movement and emphasise the necessity of time-sensitive urban planning strategies. While overall journey patterns between genders exhibit relatively small differences, a closer analysis uncovers distinct gender-based disparities in mobility hotspots, indicating that men and women tend to frequent different locations with varying travel behaviours. These insights provide valuable input for urban planners, policymakers, and transportation authorities seeking to enhance accessibility, safety, and efficiency in urban mobility networks. Recognising the interplay between gender and temporal mobility patterns can lead to more equitable infrastructure design, ensuring that urban spaces accommodate diverse mobility needs. By emphasising the importance of these factors, this study contributes to a broader understanding of human mobility behaviour and underscores the need for data-driven planning approaches that address spatial and temporal variations in movement patterns.
The Dilemmas of Disclosing Crohn’s Disease at Work and the Factors Impacting the Decision
Authors: Markou Niki , Papakonstantinou Doxa
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Individuals with Crohn’s disease often experience challenges at work and are confronted with the decision of whether to disclose their health status in their workplace. This study explores the disclosure of Crohn’s disease in the workplace and the factors influencing their choices among individuals in Greece. Methods: The study examined how demographic characteristics affected the disclosure of a non-visible disability, the reasons behind the disclosure, and the associated experiences. Results: The sample consisted of 152 individuals with Crohn’s disease. Although 52.6% of participants had disclosed their condition, the results show that factors like health benefits, the impact of COVID-19, and necessary workplace accommodations influenced disclosure decisions. On the other hand, 47.3% chose not to disclose their condition, the predominant reason being the fear of being fired or not being hired. Conclusions: The findings imply that workplace cultures and policies that foster inclusive, supportive environments are necessary to allow employees with non-visible disabilities to request the accommodations they require without worrying about the consequences. Future research could focus on a deeper understanding of the disclosure issues for people with Crohn’s disease and other non-visible disabilities.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Portuguese Version of the Metacognitive Prospective Memory Inventory—Short Form (MPMI-s) in Non-Central Nervous System Cancer Patients
Authors: Santos Filipa , Bártolo Ana , Fernandes Sara M. , Oliveira Ana F. , Caetano Ana Paula , Silva Isabel S. , Rummel Jan , Albuquerque Pedro B. , Rodrigues Pedro F. S.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Cancer diagnosis and oncological treatments often lead to cognitive impairments, particularly in prospective memory, which affects the ability to recall future intentions. These difficulties can significantly impact therapeutic adherence, especially in the early stages of treatment, where timely medication and appointment adherence are critical. Despite this, effective measures for assessing prospective memory in cancer survivors remain limited. The current study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the Short Form of the Metacognitive Prospective Memory Inventory (MPMI-s) for use with Portuguese cancer survivors. Methods: The translation process involved back-translation, expert review, and pre-testing to ensure content validity. Psychometric evaluation was conducted with a sample of 111 cancer survivors [M(SD) = 49.3(9.4), ages 18–65], assessing internal consistency, factorial validity through principal components analysis, and convergent validity. Results: A final 18-item version of the MPMI-S demonstrated strong reliability and validity, comprising four factors: prospective forgetting, monitoring and planning strategies, imagery and visualization strategies, and external aid strategies. Significant correlations were found between these dimensions and traits such as conscientiousness, agreeableness, emotional stability, as well as distress and cognitive functioning. Conclusions: These findings underscore the potential of the MPMI-S as a valuable tool in clinical settings, offering insights not only into self-reported prospective memory abilities but also into the compensatory strategies employed by individuals in their daily routines. By integrating these aspects, this measure helps to identify key opportunities for rehabilitation aimed at minimizing the functional impact of the disease.
Perception of Health and Its Predictors Among Saudis at Primary Healthcare Settings in Riyadh: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Nasser Seema Mohammed , Shubair Mamdouh M. , Alharthy Amani , Al-Khateeb Badr F. , Howaimel Nouf Bin , AlJumah Mohammed , Angawi Khadijah , Alnaim Lubna , Alwatban Noof , Farahat Abdulrahman Fayssal , El-Metwally Ashraf
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Despite a link between self-perception of health and morbidity and mortality, data are scarce on factors that can predict one’s health perception, particularly in nations like Saudi Arabia. We conducted a needs assessment to evaluate health perception and identify sociodemographic, behavioural, and comorbidity-related factors influencing health perception among Saudi individuals. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey utilizing an electronic questionnaire that was distributed to 14,239 people who visited primary healthcare centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We used multiple logistic regression to identify predictors of good health. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Results: About one-third of the individuals (33.7%) perceived to have excellent health and 35.6% perceived to have very good health. Only 2.1% of the study participants perceived to have poor health. Compared to participants younger than 50 years, those aged 50–75 years were 10% less likely to perceive their health as good (AOR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82, 0.97). Males were 1.09 times more likely to perceive their health as good than females (AOR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.18). Smokers were 74% less likely than non-smokers to perceive their health as good (AOR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.29). Obese individuals were 20% less likely to perceive their health in good condition than non-obese individuals (AOR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.98) Individuals with heart disease were about 50% less likely to perceive their health as good condition than those without heart disease (AOR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.76). Conclusions: Despite the high frequency of risk factors, we discovered that Saudis perceive their health to be good on average. However, an independent association between older age, females, smoking, obesity, and heart disease with poor health calls for future epidemiological studies incorporating qualitative dimensions to explore why these individuals with specific risk profiles perceive their health as worse than others.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Electromyography Potential to Discriminate Muscular or Articular Temporomandibular Disorders and Healthy Patients
Authors: Federici Maria Isabella , Di Pasquale Francesca , Valenti Chiara , Nanussi Alessandro , Tulli Ornella , Coniglio Maddalena , Eramo Stefano , Marinucci Lorella , Pagano Stefano
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: New devices such as surface electromyography (sEMG) have been proposed to support traditional gnathological examination and diagnostic protocols. The aim of this study is to investigate whether sEMG can be considered a diagnostic instrument to discriminate between healthy subjects and patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) of an articular or muscular nature. Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines using literature searches of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria: recent clinical studies (≤10 years) in English or Italian, involving electromyography in TMD diagnosis, with a control group of healthy patients. Data considered to be homogenous were subjected to meta-analysis (95% confidence interval [CI]; α = 0.05). Hedge g was calculated because all variables were continuous. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were checked for further consideration, and relevant data were collected into two tables. In total, 18 studies were included after full-text reading. Meta-analyses were carried out for the static impact index (IMP), percentage overlapping coefficient (POC), and torque coefficient, and dynamic Symmetrical Mastication Index (SMI). Results: Patients with TMD had lower values in all parameters except IMP. sEMG registered a reduction in masseter activity, lower chewing efficiency, and an increase in fatigue during contractions in TMD patients. Conclusions: sEMG is not reliable to distinguish healthy from TMD patients, but despite the limitations related to the high variability in the studies (type of electromyography, static or dynamic tests, and population characteristics), the sEMG results are reliable considering the POC and SMI parameters, encouraging more in-depth studies for a predictable clinical practice. Patients with TMD had lower values in the dynamic index SMI and in static indexes POC and torque coefficient, except IMP. EMG might performs better if employed in muscle forms.