bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost Effectiveness of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Relapsed or Refractory Pediatric B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Lin John K. , Lerman Benjamin J. , Barnes James I. , Boursiquot Brian C. , Tan Yuan Jin , Robinson Alex Q.L. , Davis Kara L. , Owens Douglas K. , Goldhaber-Fiebert Jeremy D.
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy tisagenlecleucel was recently approved to treat relapsed or refractory pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. With a one-time infusion cost of $475,000, tisagenlecleucel is currently the most expensive oncologic therapy. We aimed to determine whether tisagenlecleucel is cost effective compared with currently available treatments.

Methods

Markov modeling was used to evaluate tisagenlecleucel in pediatric relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia from a US health payer perspective over a lifetime horizon. The model was informed by recent multicenter, single-arm clinical trials. Tisagenlecleucel (under a range of plausible long-term effectiveness) was compared with blinatumomab, clofarabine combination therapy (clofarabine, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide), and clofarabine monotherapy. Scenario and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were used to explore uncertainty. Main outcomes were life-years, discounted lifetime costs, discounted quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (3% discount rate).

Results

With an assumption of a 40% 5-year relapse-free survival rate, tisagenlecleucel increased life expectancies by 12.1 years and cost $61,000/QALY gained. However, at a 20% 5-year relapse-free survival rate, life-expectancies were more modest (3.8 years) and expensive ($151,000/QALY gained). At a 0% 5-year relapse-free survival rate and with use as a bridge to transplant, tisagenlecleucel increased life expectancies by 5.7 years and cost $184,000/QALY gained. Reduction of the price of tisagenlecleucel to $200,000 or $350,000 would allow it to meet a $100,000/QALY or $150,000/QALY willingness-to-pay threshold in all scenarios.

Conclusion

The long-term effectiveness of tisagenlecleucel is a critical but uncertain determinant of its cost effectiveness. At its current price, tisagenlecleucel represents reasonable value if it can keep a substantial fraction of patients in remission without transplantation; however, if all patients ultimately require a transplantation to remain in remission, it will not be cost effective at generally accepted thresholds. Price reductions would favorably influence cost effectiveness even if long-term clinical outcomes are modest.
Impact of Variable RNA-Sequencing Depth on Gene Expression Signatures and Target Compound Robustness: Case Study Examining Brain Tumor (Glioma) Disease Progression
Authors: Stupnikov Alexey , O’Reilly Paul G. , McInerney Caitriona E. , Roddy Aideen C. , Dunne Philip D. , Gilmore Alan , Ellis Hayley P. , Flannery Tom , Healy Estelle , McIntosh Stuart A. , Savage Kienan , Kurian Kathreena M. , Emmert-Streib Frank , Prise Kevin M. , Salto-Tellez Manuel , McArt Darragh G.
Published: September 2018

Purpose

Gene expression profiling can uncover biologic mechanisms underlying disease and is important in drug development. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is routinely used to assess gene expression, but costs remain high. Sample multiplexing reduces RNA-seq costs; however, multiplexed samples have lower cDNA sequencing depth, which can hinder accurate differential gene expression detection. The impact of sequencing depth alteration on RNA-seq–based downstream analyses such as gene expression connectivity mapping is not known, where this method is used to identify potential therapeutic compounds for repurposing.

Methods

In this study, published RNA-seq profiles from patients with brain tumor (glioma) were assembled into two disease progression gene signature contrasts for astrocytoma. Available treatments for glioma have limited effectiveness, rendering this a disease of poor clinical outcome. Gene signatures were subsampled to simulate sequencing alterations and analyzed in connectivity mapping to investigate target compound robustness.

Results

Data loss to gene signatures led to the loss, gain, and consistent identification of significant connections. The most accurate gene signature contrast with consistent patient gene expression profiles was more resilient to data loss and identified robust target compounds. Target compounds lost included candidate compounds of potential clinical utility in glioma (eg, suramin, dasatinib). Lost connections may have been linked to low-abundance genes in the gene signature that closely characterized the disease phenotype. Consistently identified connections may have been related to highly expressed abundant genes that were ever-present in gene signatures, despite data reductions. Potential noise surrounding findings included false-positive connections that were gained as a result of gene signature modification with data loss.

Conclusion

Findings highlight the necessity for gene signature accuracy for connectivity mapping, which should improve the clinical utility of future target compound discoveries.
Safety Outcomes During Pediatric GH Therapy: Final Results From the Prospective GeNeSIS Observational Program
Authors: Child Christopher J , Zimmermann Alan G , Chrousos George P , Cummings Elisabeth , Deal Cheri L , Hasegawa Tomonobu , Jia Nan , Lawrence Sarah , Linglart Agnès , Loche Sandro , Maghnie Mohamad , Pérez Sánchez Jacobo , Polak Michel , Predieri Barbara , Richter-Unruh Annette , Rosenfeld Ron G , Yeste Diego , Yorifuji Tohru , Blum Werner F
Published: September 2018

Context

Safety concerns have been raised regarding premature mortality, diabetes, neoplasia, and cerebrovascular disease in association with GH therapy.

Objective

To assess incidence of key safety outcomes.

Design

Prospective, multinational, observational study (1999 to 2015).

Setting

A total of 22,311 GH-treated children from 827 investigative sites in 30 countries.

Patients

Children with growth disorders.

Interventions

GH treatment.

Main outcome measures

Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and standardized incidence ratio (SIR) with 95% CIs for mortality, diabetes, and primary cancer using general population registries.

Results

Predominant short stature diagnoses were GH deficiency (63%), idiopathic short stature (13%), and Turner syndrome (8%), with mean ± SD follow-up of 4.2 ± 3.2 years (∼92,000 person-years [PY]). Forty-two deaths occurred in patients with follow-up, with an SMR (95% CI) of 0.61 (0.44, 0.82); the SMR was elevated for patients with cancer-related organic GH deficiency [5.87 (3.21, 9.85)]. Based on 18 cases, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk was elevated [SIR: 3.77 (2.24, 5.96)], but 72% had risk factors. In patients without cancer history, 14 primary cancers were observed [SIR: 0.71 (0.39, 1.20)]. Second neoplasms occurred in 31 of 622 cancer survivors [5.0%; 10.7 (7.5, 15.2) cases/1000 PY] and intracranial tumor recurrences in 67 of 823 tumor survivors [8.1%; 16.9 (13.3, 21.5) cases/1000 PY]. All three hemorrhagic stroke cases had risk factors.

Conclusions

GeNeSIS (Genetics and Neuroendocrinology of Short Stature International Study) data support the favorable safety profile of pediatric GH treatment. Overall risk of death or primary cancer was not elevated in GH-treated children, and no hemorrhagic strokes occurred in patients without risk factors. T2DM incidence was elevated compared with the general population, but most cases had diabetes risk factors.
Bi-plane and single plane angiography: a study to compare contrast usage and radiation doses for adult cardiac patients in diagnostic studies
Authors: Smith Keith , Crowhurst James , Walters Darren , Starkey Deborah
Published: September 2018

Objective:

This study compares the performance of bi-plane coronary angiography against single plane angiography in terms of the volume of contrast used (ml) and the total dose–area product (DAP) (μGym2) to the patient measured directly via flat panel detectors.

Methods:

A total of 5176 adult diagnostic cardiac angiograms from a hospital in Brisbane, Australia were retrospectively studied. Patients with aortograms, iliac or femoral artery imaging, and stenting or graft interventions were excluded. Student’s t-tests were used to compare means, and confounding variables were compared using multivariate regression. This quantified the effects of bi-plane system use holding constant other factors (e.g.) body mass index (BMI), age, room, sex, number of digital acquisitions and fluoro time.

Results:

Bi-plane imaging had an average difference in mean contrast use of −15.1 ml [15.5% 95% confidence interval (CI) (–13.2, –17.0) p<0.001], multivariate regression demonstrated a −27.0 ml reduction in contrast use [28% 95% CI (–29.0, –24.83) p<0.0001] when the significant effects of fluoro time, number of digital acquisitions, BMI and sex were held constant. Bi-plane imaging had an average difference in mean DAP of + 887.1 μGym2 [23% 95% CI (+1110.7, +663.4) p < 0.001], whilst multivariate regression found a +628.3 Gym2 increase in DAP [16% 95% CI (+467.5, +789.3) p<0.001] when the significant effects of fluoro time, number of digital acquisitions, BMI and sex were held constant.

Conclusion:

These results demonstrate that bi-plane imaging uses less contrast media than single-plane imaging for coronary angiography at the expense of more radiation. Bi-plane imaging may be preferable in patients with renal impairment, however single plane imaging may be preferable in those without renal impairment.

Advances in knowledge:

This is a large cohort and statistically comprehensive study comparing bi-plane and single plane coronary angiography. Other studies 4, 5, 6, 12 have used Student's t-tests to measure the difference between means, however this provides no causative information on the differences found. This study provides a view of the causative impact of bi-plane usage on DAP and contrast use via multivariate regression modelling.
Colonic distention and patient acceptance of CT colonography: supine/prone vs left/right lateral scanning
Authors: Takahashi Noriaki , Nagata Koichi , Iyama Atsushi , Mikami Teppei , Kanazawa Hidenori , Saito Hiroshi
Published: September 2018

Objective:

To prospectively evaluate and complete the colonic distention and patient acceptance of CT colonography (CTC) in the supine/prone and left/right lateral positions.

Methods:

A total of 220 consecutive patients were alternately allocated to the supine/prone positioning or left/right lateral positioning group. Two readers scored the degree of colonic distention by segment using a 4-point Likert scale (4 = optimal, 3 = adequate, 2 = inadequate, 1 = collapsed). In addition, patients were asked to rate the discomfort due to positioning during each scan using a 3-point animated face scale (3 = difficult, 2 = somewhat unacceptable, 1 = easy).

Results:

The overall mean colonic distention scores for supine, prone, left lateral, and right lateral positions were 3.16, 3.29, 3.22, and 3.42, respectively. Of all, the right lateral position provided the best colonic distention (p < 0.01). Combined left lateral and right lateral positions provided more adequately distended segments compared with combined supine and prone positions (95.6% vs 90.7 %, respectively, p < 0.01). Patient acceptance was significantly lower in the prone position compared to other positions; however there was no difference in patient acceptance between the supine and left/right lateral positions.

Conclusion:

Right lateral positioning provided the best colonic distention and good patient acceptance.

Advances in knowledge:

The left/right lateral position should be considered for routine CTC positioning protocols.
Determination of mammographic breast density using a deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Ciritsis Alexander , Rossi Cristina , Vittoria De Martini Ilaria , Eberhard Matthias , Marcon Magda , Becker Anton S. , Berger Nicole , Boss Andreas
Published: September 2018

Objective:

High breast density is a risk factor for breast cancer. The aim of this study was to develop a deep convolutional neural network (dCNN) for the automatic classification of breast density based on the mammographic appearance of the tissue according to the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR BI-RADS) Atlas.

Methods:

In this study, 20,578 mammography single views from 5221 different patients (58.3 ± 11.5 years) were downloaded from the picture archiving and communications system of our institution and automatically sorted according to the ACR density (a-d) provided by the corresponding radiological reports. A dCNN with 11 convolutional layers and 3 fully connected layers was trained and validated on an augmented dataset. The model was finally tested on two different datasets against: i) the radiological reports and ii) the consensus decision of two human readers. None of the test datasets was part of the dataset used for the training and validation of the algorithm.

Results:

The optimal number of epochs was 91 for medio-lateral oblique (MLO) projections and 94 for cranio-caudal projections (CC), respectively. Accuracy for MLO projections obtained on the validation dataset was 90.9% (CC: 90.1%). Tested on the first test dataset of mammographies (850 MLO and 880 CC), the algorithm showed an accordance with the corresponding radiological reports of 71.7% for MLO and of 71.0% for CC. The agreement with the radiological reports improved in the differentiation between dense and fatty breast for both projections (MLO = 88.6% and CC = 89.9%). In the second test dataset of 200 mammographies, a good accordance was found between the consensus decision of the two readers on both, the MLO-model (92.2%) and the right craniocaudal-model (87.4%). In the differentiation between fatty (ACR A/B) and dense breasts (ACR C/D), the agreement reached 99% for the MLO and 96% for the CC projections, respectively.

Conclusions:

The dCNN allows for accurate classification of breast density based on the ACR BI-RADS system. The proposed technique may allow accurate, standardized, and observer independent breast density evaluation of mammographies.

Advances in knowledge:

Standardized classification of mammographies by a dCNN could lead to a reduction of falsely classified breast densities, thereby allowing for a more accurate breast cancer risk assessment for the individual patient and a more reliable decision, whether additional ultrasound is recommended.
Strigolactone GR24 upregulates Nrf2 target genes and may protect against oxidative stress in skeletal muscle
Authors: Modi Shalem Raju , Kokkola Tarja
Published: September 2018

GR24 is a synthetic strigolactone analog, demonstrated to regulate the development of plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. GR24 possesses anti-cancer and anti-apoptotic properties, enhances insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal myotubes, inhibits adipogenesis, decreases inflammation in adipocytes and macrophages and downregulates the expression of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes. Transcription factor Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) is a master regulator of antioxidant response, regulating a multitude of genes involved in cellular stress responses and anti-inflammatory pathways, thus maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. Nrf2 activation reduces the deleterious effects of mitochondrial toxins and has multiple roles in promoting mitochondrial function and dynamics. We studied the role of GR24 on gene expression in rat L6 skeletal muscle cells which were differentiated into myotubes. The myotubes were treated with GR24 and analyzed by microarray gene expression profiling. GR24 upregulated the cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2 and its target genes, activating antioxidant defences, suggesting that GR24 may protect skeletal muscle from the toxic effects of oxidative stress.
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AS A MANIFESTATION OF COMORBIDITY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: Бакина А , Bakina A , Павленко Валентина , Pavlenko Valentina
Published: September 2018

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has many systemic effects, one of which is impaired renal function. Existing studies prove that patients with COPD often have risk factors for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Many risk factors for developing COPD are common for the onset of CKD. However, in routine clinical practice, there is an underestimation of the incidence of renal dysfunction in COPD patients, while in-depth and targeted studies reveal changes in renal function in patients with COPD. Topical methods for identifying initial changes in renal function in COPD patients are the study of the glomerular filtration rate, the evaluation of the level of microalbuminuria, the study of the index of resistance of renal vessels. The importance of identifying CKD in the early stages in COPD patients is determined by the increased risk of cardiovascular events and the onset of cardiorenal syndrome in patients.
Mathematical Abilities in the Research of Foreign and Domestic Scientists
Authors: Агаханов Н. , Agahanov N.
Published: September 2018

In the article, on the basis of a wide range of studies, the views of foreign and domestic scientists on the specifi cs of mathematical abilities are presented, a comparative analysis of approaches is given and their structure is described. The most important cognitive characteristics of mathematically gifted students are described: the ability to memorize mathematical information, the ability to build and use mathematical structures, the ability to reverse the direction of thought, the ability to capture complex structures and work with them, the ability to build and use mathematical analogies, mathematical sensitivity and mathematical creativity. The most frequently encountered problems of mathematically gifted students are indicated: asynchronous development, problems of socialization, as well as problems with self-learning. The main features of mathematical abilities are generalized: the ability to generalize; logical and formalized thinking; fl exibility and depth, systematic, rational and reasoned reasoning; mathematical perception and memory.
Optical Trapping and Orientation Manipulation of 2D Inorganic Materials Using a Linearly Polarized Laser Beam
Authors: Tominaga Makoto , Higashi Yuki , Kumamoto Takuya , Nagashita Takashi , Nakato Teruyuki , Suzuki Yasutaka , Kawamata Jun
Published: September 2018

Because inorganic nanosheets, such as clay minerals, are anisotropic, the manipulation of nanosheet orientation is an important challenge in order to realize future functional materials. In the present study, a novel methodology for nanosheet manipulation using laser radiation pressure is proposed. When a linearly polarized laser beam was used to irradiate a niobate (Nb6O174-) nanosheet colloid, the nanosheet was trapped at the focal point so that the in-plane direction of the nanosheet was oriented parallel to the propagation direction of the incident laser beam so as to minimize the scattering force. In addition, the trapped nanosheet was aligned along the polarization direction of the linearly polarized laser beam.
Removal of Water-Soluble Polymers from an Aqueous Solution by Adsorption onto an Acidic Clay
Authors: Teepakakorn Aranee (Pleng) , Hayakawa Takayuki , Bureekaew Sareeya , Ogawa Makoto
Published: September 2018

Due to the wide range of uses of water-soluble polymers in commercial products, water contamination by polymers has become a serious environmental concern. Adsorption onto an acidic clay, obtained from Tsunagi mine, Niigata, Japan, of water-soluble polymers from aqueous solutions was investigated as a means of purifying water. Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) was used as a sample polymer in an attempt to find optimal conditions for extracting the greatest proportion of polymer from the aqueous solution. The adsorption isotherms at lower equilibrium concentrations were of type L, indicating a strong affinity between the acidic clay and PVP. A larger amount of PVP was adsorbed when a higher-molecularweight PVP (comparison between MWs of 160,000 and 10,000) was used. From the Langmuir equation, the adsorption capacity was calculated as 0.029 g/g clay for the adsorption of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) from an aqueous solution. The adsorption of PVP from a NaCl solution (simulated sea water) was also possible though the amount of adsorption was slightly less than from an aqueous solution. A polymer removal efficiency of >90% was achieved when 200 mg of the acidic clay was added to 50 mL of 0.001 wt.% PVP aqueous solution. The acidic clay was also used for adsorption of poly(ethylene glycol), poly(vinyl alcohol), and polyacrylamide from aqueous solutions.
The Use of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for the Identification of Pathogens Causing Sepsis
Authors: Luethy Paul M , Johnson J Kristie
Published: September 2018

Background

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition with high rates of morbidity and mortality; effective and appropriate antibiotic therapy is essential for ensuring patient improvement. To aid in the diagnosis of sepsis, blood cultures are drawn and sent to the microbiology laboratory for pathogen growth, identification, and susceptibility testing. The clinical microbiology laboratory can assist the medical team by providing timely identification of the pathogen(s) causing the bloodstream infection through the use of rapid diagnostic technology. One of these rapid diagnostic technologies, MALDI-TOF MS, has been proven to reduce the time required for appropriate antibiotic therapy when used to identify pathogens grown in culture. This technology has also been used to identify pathogens directly from the positive blood cultures with great success.

Content

In this minireview, we summarize the different methods that have been developed to directly identify pathogens from positive blood cultures by use of MALDI-TOF MS and the effect of this technology on patient outcomes. Additionally, we touch on current research in the field, including the identification of antimicrobial resistance directly from positive blood cultures by MALDI-TOF MS.

Rapid identification of pathogens is important in the survival of patients undergoing a septic event. MALDI-TOF MS technology has played an important role in rapid identification, which has led to a reduction in the time to appropriate antibiotic therapy and contributed to the improvement of patient outcomes. The high sensitivity and specificity of MALDI-TOF MS identification, in combination with MALDI-TOF's rapid function and reduced labor costs, make this technology an attractive choice for clinical laboratories.
Activismo judicial y derechos sociales: un enfoque postpositivista
Authors: Lozada Alí
Published: September 2018

Este trabajo es una aproximación postpositivista a la práctica del activismo judicial en la adjudicación de prestaciones basadas en derechos sociales y, en general, en derechos fundamentales. Centralmente, se pergeña un elenco de cuatro escenarios alternativos en los que operaría tal adjudicación, el que puede servir como herramienta para el examen crítico del activismo judicial en casos concretos.
¿Existe un derecho a blasfemar? Sobre libertad de expresión y discurso del odio
Authors: Campos Zamora Francisco J.
Published: September 2018

¿Se puede afirmar la existencia de un derecho a blasfemar? ¿Es la manifestación artística un hecho incondicionado? La tensión entre la libertad de expresión y el respeto religioso adopta una manifestación particularmente conflictiva en el mundo actual, donde el ataque a los símbolos religiosos y la blasfemia pueden ser incluso criminalizados. Este trabajo reseñará algunas manifestaciones artísticas, que han despertado la ira de creyentes religiosos, asimismo el análisis y las razones, que llevan a estimarlas discursos del odio, o bien, actuaciones amparadas en la libertad de expresión.
DESENVOLVIMENTO: INCLUDENTE, SUSTENTÁVEL E SUSTENTADO
Authors: Brasil Guilherme Mungo
Published: September 2018

A obra “Desenvolvimento: includente, sustentável e sustentado” assume o compromisso de revisitar o conceito de desenvolvimento humano no cenário da globalização do século XXI, adotando, para tanto, uma concepção baseada em três aspectos: social (includente), ambiental (sustentável) e econômico (sustentado). No espaço entre a queda do neoliberalismo com os contornos do Consenso de Washington e o fim do socialismo real, o livro expõe, essencialmente, que o crescimento econômico não é sinônimo de desenvolvimento humano, embora aquele seja necessário para que este seja alcançado. A proposta é salomônica: não está no extremo do capital, tampouco no do social e ambiental.
DESCRIPCIÓN LEGISLATIVA PRELIMINAR DEL ARBITRAJE NACIONAL E INTERNACIONAL EN BRASIL Y COLOMBIA
Authors: Rivera R Edison Leandro
Published: September 2018

La aplicación de mecanismos de solución de conflictos, distintos a los convencionales, es un tema que ha tomado relevancia en el mundo jurídico y comercial. El arbitraje es una de sus formas y se abre paso, no solamente como herramienta de descongestión judicial, sino de solución efectiva de litigios, a partir de justicia consensuada. El presente artículo se propone mostrar al lector una revisión preliminar de contextos, autores y normas relevantes para la evolución de este mecanismo. El análisis se centrará en la estructuración de los principios, normas generales del arbitraje y su aplicación en dos ordenamientos particulares (Brasil y Colombia) y el avance de estos a la fecha.
MÍDIA, MONOPÓLIO E DEMOCRACIA: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A MONOPOLIZAÇÃO DA MÍDIA NO BRASIL E PORQUE ISSO PODE SER UMA AMEAÇA À DEMOCRACIA
Authors: Amaral Jordana Siteneski do , Machado Deborah da Silva
Published: September 2018

Esta pesquisa trata sobre a comunicação no Brasil e a sua estruturação em forma de monopólios regionais, que foram construídos ao longo da história tendo base e origem política e hereditária. Esses monopólios são resultantes de uma tendência global de concentração das indústrias de mídia, e a adoção de uma política neoliberalista que preza pela não intervenção estatal e pela desregulamentação do setor. Outros países investiram em regulamentação dos meios de comunicação de massa, mas no Brasil observa-se uma grande relutância em debater o tema, onde qualquer proposta de regulamentação é chamada de censura. O problema de pesquisa busca responder se a regulação é suficiente para assegurar a liberdade de expressão e o aperfeiçoamento da democracia. A metodologia de trabalho consiste em uma revisão de literatura, além de uma pesquisa feita em bancos de dados, relatórios e processos administrativos. O método de abordagem será o hipotético-dedutivo. As hipóteses levantadas pretendem dizer se a regulamentação dos meios de comunicação configura, ou não censura, ou se trata de um mecanismo de aperfeiçoamento da democracia, ao assegurar a liberdade de expressão. Considera-se que a comunicação desempenha um papel fundamental na democracia, partindo de concepção fundada na participação e na soberania popular, e que sua regulação não é censura, uma vez que a comunicação constitui uma importante ferramenta de accountability e de participação deliberativa, e por fim, há que se falar na democratização do acesso aos meios de comunicação de massa.
O PAPEL DA SOFT LAW PRIVADA NO ENFRENTAMENTO DA PROBLEMÁTICA SOCIOAMBIENTAL GLOBAL
Authors: Lima Luciana Cristina da Conceição , Rei Fernando Cardozo Fernandes
Published: September 2018

A incapacidade dos Estados em gerir e equacionar as complexas questões socioambientais globais gerou uma oportunidade de regulamentação jurídica, representada pela normatização internacional de atividades empresariais diretamente relacionada com tais questões. O presente artigo objetiva analisar a crescente ascensão das normas privadas no contexto da governança global, relacionando aspectos importantes dessa espécie normativa com o alcance e limites de instrumentos não vinculantes no enfrentamento de conflitos e problemas socioambientais globais. O estudo buscou relacionar a lacuna jurídica identificada com a nova ordem global de interesse e participação de novos atores em assuntos públicos, demonstrando a diferença entre soft law pública e privada. Contextualizaram-se algumas das iniciativas privadas de adoção voluntária, que tratam de práticas relacionadas à responsabilidade social, ao meio ambiente e à sustentabilidade, para analisar, em que medida, iniciativas normativas como essas podem instituir um campo de regulamentação que seja capaz de criar um contexto de regras e normas respeitadas pela comunidade global.
SYARIAT MAKAN DAN MINUM DALAM ISLAM: KAJIAN TERHADAP FENOMENA STANDING PARTY PADA PESTA PERNIKAHAN (WALĪMATUL ‘URSY)
Authors: Mardiastuti Aprilia
Published: September 2018

One of the most succesfull wedding party (walimatul ‘ursy ) begin–somehow-with the meal serving. In line to this modern life style, standing party became part of recent trend of serving meal by–even-various muslim communities. At the same time, standing while eating and drinking raise several ulama’s ideas in islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). While some outlawed the practice, another group of ulama said the contrary. Legal discussion about the concept of eating and drinking while standing require referral analysis, among others in getting from tradition. from analysis of the chain of transmission on a second source of Islam is found that both traditions allow or prohibit eating and drinking while standing; both are acceptable or valid (ṣaḥiḥ). While the verses of Qur’an describes the norms for prohibiting excessive eating and drinking, a narative analysis of the hadith regarding the prohibition of eating and drinking norms require in-depth study on the aspects of asbābul wurud. It is known from the latest aspect of study that hadith wich banned standing while consuming preserved moral or ethical reasons for Arab nations at that time, particularly a geographic reasons. Another study of asbābul wurud that allow consuming while standing prefers more for reasons of emergency circumstances. This paper, thus, ends the study with contextualization of those hadith from health issue. The study concludes that from the digestive concern, sitting while consuming was healthier than that of standing. Since the meal being digested will be swallowed softly and slowly, so the intestinal absorption function will run more optimally.
Hak Suami-Istri Perspektif Hadis (Pemahaman Hasyim Asy’ari dalam Dha’u Al-Misbah Fi Bayan Ahkam Al-Nikah)
Authors: Afifah Nurul
Published: September 2018

Kajian ini membahas tentang hak suami-istri menurut pemahaman Hasyim Asy’ari dalam karyanya Dha’u al-Misbah fi Bayan Ahkam al-Nikah yang tidak jarang ia sandarkan pada hadis-hadis tertentu. Kajian ini penting untuk melihat dinamika pemahaman tokoh nasionalis Indonesia yang pada masa itu memiliki pengaruh sangat kuat di masyarakat dan salah satu hasil karyanya ini sering dijadikan acuan normatif-teologis di kalangan-kalangan tertentu. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori hermeneutika teoritis dengan dua pendekatan khusus yakni pendekatan psikologis guna mengkaji biografi dan pendekatan linguistik guna mengkaji karyanya. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) pemahaman Hasyim Asyari tentang hak suami-istri yang dipaparkan dalam karyanya tidak bisa terlepas dari tiga hal: latar belakang kehidupan, perjalanan intelektual dan konteks sosial masa itu. (2) uraian-uraian pemahaman yang ia sandarkan pada teks-teks hadis, pada kenyataannya tidak semua masih relevan jika dikontekstualisasikan di masa sekarang sehingga karya tersebut atau sejenisnya tidak semestinya disakralkan, melainkan memerlukan re-interpretasi baru untuk menghadapi berbagai problematika yang ada sekarang.
Living Hadis dalam Kegiatan Peringatan Maulid Nabi di Pesantren Sunan Ampel Jombang
Authors: Khosyiah Faiqatul
Published: September 2018

AbstrakPerayaan maulid nabi adalah salah satu tradisi yang banyak dilestarikan oleh masyarakat kita, utamanya di banyak pesantren di Jawa. Tradisi ini memiliki banyak corak cara pelaksanaan yang masing- masing memiliki ciri khas tersendiri. Jika ditinjau dari sejarah pengadaannya, pada dasarnya memang tidak ada suatu tanggal khusus pengadaan maulid nabi, sehingga jika menarik busur sejarah, akan didapati pelaksanaaan maulid digelar pada tanggal yang berbeda- beda di bulan Rabiul Awal. Kenyataan ini ditemukan pula dalam kegiatan pelaksanaan maulid di pondok pesantren Sunan Ampel Jombang yang diadakan selama sepuluh hari lamanya dan dengan berbagai kekhasan di dalamnya. Melalui pendekatan fenomenologi dengan teori fungsional, tulisan ini mencoba memaparkan fenomena di dalam maulid ini dengan hasil bahwa, maulid di tempat tersebut adalah fenomena living hadits. Di samping itu, makna penting dari adanya majelis tersebut, adalah praktek ibadah spiritual yang tidak bisa dihilangkan dari kehidupan masyarakat yang berpartisipasi di dalamnya. AbstractProphet Mohammed birthday’s celebration is one of much tradition sustained by our people, exactly in many boarding schools in Java, Indonesia. This tradition has many implementation variant ways which each way has its specific thing. From historical side, there is no specific date for Prophet Mohammed birthday’s celebration, with result that since for the time being, it took place in various date at Rabiul Awal month. This fact also found in Prophet Mohammed birthday’s celebration at Sunan Ampel Jombang boarding school which happens in ten days with many specific things there. Using phenomenological approach one combined with functionalism theory, this research will explain phenomenon happens in this celebration with the result that celebration is one of living hadith phenomenon. Besides, the important significance by the existence of this tradition is that spiritual aspect which cannot be lost from people tradition.
Roberto Frega – Les sources sociales de la normativité
Authors: De Halleux Olivier
Published: September 2018

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Laurent Di Filippo, Hélène François, Anthony Michel (dir.) – La position du doctorant. Trajectoires, engagements, réflexivité
Authors: Neveu Pauline
Published: September 2018

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Spatial Organization of Economic Development of Energy Resources in the Arctic Region of the Russian Federation
Authors: AGARKOV Sergey Anatolievich , KOZMENKO Sergey Yurievich , SAVELIEV Anton Nikolaevich , ULCHENKO Mikhail Vasilyevich , SHCHEGOLKOVA Asya Aleksandrovna
Published: September 2018

In the conditions of price reduction in the world energy market, the issue of determining the priorities of the economic development of hydrocarbons in the Arctic Region of the Russian Federation (RF) becomes highly relevant. The article is aimed at developing an optimal model for the spatial organization of energy resources in the Arctic Region. The expert elicitation procedure was used to determine the efficiency indicators for the economic development of the oil-and-gas-bearing areas in the Arctic Region and clusterization of these areas was carried out in terms of economic efficiency. Based on the factor analysis, the degree of influence of efficiency indicators on the economic development of the oil and gas bearing areas of the region was determined and, an integrated performance indicator of economic development for oil-and-gas-bearing areas for each cluster was calculated with regard to the factor loadings. A 3-D model was developed for the organization of economic development of oil and gas in the Arctic Region. The 3-D model became the basis for determining the priorities for territorial exploration, development and production of hydrocarbons in terms of their economic efficiency, taking into account the trends in the development of the world energy market and break-even fields. A set of recommendations was developed to improve the efficiency of the spatial organization of economic development of oil and gas in the Arctic Region. The implementation of the proposed measures can contribute to the development of the oil and gas industry in the region, its socio-economic development and the long-term sustainability of Russia's energy security.
Analysis of Efficiency of Use of the Longitudinal-Flow Hydropower Plant Unit of a Micro Hydropower Station without a Dam for Small Rivers
Authors: KRASNOV Victor G. , OBOZOV Alaibek D. , NURISLAMOV Oleg R.
Published: September 2018

In the research of alternative sources of energy much attention is paid to hydro energy, in particular, micro hydropower stations, which use rivers’ kinetic energy. This issue is relevant for research. The target of this paper is to analyze the efficiency of longitudinal-flow hydropower plant of a micro hydropower station without a dam for small rivers. The operational efficiency of hydraulic power plants is mainly determined by the interaction of working elements with the hydraulic flow and the utilization level of its characteristics. The features of its usage and the influence of flow characteristics of the hydropower stations efficiency are examined in this paper. Besides, the interaction between the flow and working elements is assessed. The possibility of improving efficiency level by using working elements with changing weight is tested. Moreover, empirical data is used for calculations.
PARENTAL MEDIATION PADA ANAK SAAT MENONTON TELEVISI DENGAN RATING GUIDE BIMBINGAN ORANG TUA (R-BO)
Authors: Kaloka Rintulebda Anggung
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTTelevision has few negative side especially for children. Television gives rated PG (Parental Guidance) in certain programs. To minimize the negative effects of television for children hence the need for parental mediation. seeing the impact of television programs and the lack of assistance parents when children watch television feared could affect a child's development.Keywords: Parental Mediation, Rating Guide, Television
Peranan Komunikasi Interpersonal Antara Guru Bimbingan Konseling (BK) dengan Siswa dalam Menangani Kenakalan Siswa (Studi Kasus di SMP Kristen 2 Salatiga)
Authors: Timothius Johan Chris
Published: September 2018

AbstractCommunication is one of the most parts in human life. There are several types of communication: interpersonal communication, intrapersonal communication, and mass communication. This study focused on interpersonal communication in education between the teacher and the students. The aim of this study was to know the function of interpersonal communication to solve students’ matter at school. The study conducted in SMP Kristen 2 Salatiga, because the school has had face the problems.The qualitative method was used. Interview and observation were used to collect the data the interview and observation are done with four persons as key respondent: three students and one teacher as counselor. Then, triangulation and content analysis were used to know the respondents’ pattern.The data analysis showed that interpersonal communication gave contribution to solve the students’ matter. The teacher himself should be active by using client center  and exchange theory to solve the students’ problem. Furthermore, if there are some matters between teacher and students or students to students, interpersonal communication is the effective way to solve the problems.Keywords: interpersonal communication, education, students’ problem.
FACE WORK SEORANG SPY DALAM GAME ONLINE SUPER ARMADA
Authors: Saptiyono Ami
Published: September 2018

AbstractOnline media is media that provides a variety of facilities and services for people in activities and meet their needs. This media allows everyone to do various  activities such as browsing , blogging , chat , update your status, upload and download data, and even play games . In this article , the researcher discuss how an online game players do face work in the activities of online gaming , especially in the game "Super Armada" , through autoethnography methods , as a method of doing descriptions experience of researcher in this online game , using face work theory as reference in researchKey words: Face work, Autoethnography, Media online.
ECOLOGICAL NICHE THEORY (Nichespace, Niche Breadth and Niche Overlap, Competitive Superiority) Local Media in Central Java (Suara Merdeka And Tribun Jateng)
Authors: Monicaningsih Aisyah
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe Central Java Province has a wide range of local media both print and electronic media. The print media in Central Java is growing rapidly, as are present in the data follows the various print media market in Central Java. Suara Merdeka is one of the well-known mass media in Central Java Province, and is a daily morning newspaper published in the city of Semarang, Central Java. This daily has a circulation limited to the area of Central Java. The other one Tribun Jateng newspaper is a network Tribunnews newspaper, Kompas Gramedia Group. With the tagline "Spirit Baru Jawa Tengah", this newspapers targeting readers in Central Java have low price that only one hundred rupias so that all people can read a lot of information easily in physical form.As part of the print media, also affected the circulation of newspapers in Central Java, this research will discuss about how local media incase Suara Merdeka and Tribun Jateng consume resources the same and run a similar function in an environment in which the print media regional / local in which there is competition and live alongside each other. This study use qualitative research method, descriptive by interviewing informants from each newspaper, and study documents in the analysis using Niche Theory. This study aims to determine the Nichespace, Niche Breadth and Niche Overlap, Competitive Superiority of the local media that have popular areas in Central Java.The conclusion of this study is Nichespace terms both of the print media grab each local market both in terms of Central Java Region of the marketing and newspaper readers. Niche Breadth and Niche Overlap is different then the unit can coexist this is due to similarities between the two stories a bit, but both newspapers also must be careful to keep their respective markets both readers and ad target it to anticipate the competition fierce between the two mediums. Competitive Superiority media that most have the power to meet the needs of media audiences in Central Java primarily in Semarang is Suara Merdeka, but Suara Merdeka need to be vigilant if at any time the Tribune Jateng as a new medium that has the advantage of cheaper prices, easily obtained as in retailers who are in the traffic light in the city of Semarang can replace or destroy senior media like Suara Merdeka.Keywords: Media Local / Regional, Niche Theory, Space Niche, Niche Breadth and Niche Overlap, Competitive Superiority
INTUICJA W UCZENIU SIĘ JĘZYKÓW OBCYCH
Authors: Piegzik Wioletta
Published: September 2018

The aim of this article is to present what the intuition is that occurs during communicative practice and gives us the immediate answer to different doubts and the immediate understanding of language structures without conscious reasoning and loading of the cognitive system. In the first part, we analyze different concepts of language intuition presented in lingusitic and foreign language acquisition. In the second part, a comparative analysis of automatic, controlled and intuitive processes is provided. We show that the distinction between operations that are automatic and those that are under control is a simplification and reduces the issue of foreign language acquisition. In the same part, we also argue for the use of intuition and suggest some indications favorable to implementation of this mental disposition.
PODRĘCZNIK DO JĘZYKA NIEMIECKIEGO W OCENIE NAUCZYCIELA I UCZNIA
Authors: Jarząbek Alina Dorota
Published: September 2018

The following article presents the results of a survey in which teachers and students were asked to give their opinion on the German textbook Weltour or Meine Welttour. So far no alternative has been found for a textbook as a central medium of the lesson. This means, however, that both teachers and students assess its form and contents and see its strengths and weaknesses. The results of this unrepresentative study may be of interest to teachers, but above all to authors of language textbooks and publications. It is they who eventually decide on the final shape of such books, whose contents have not only to respect the requirements of the core curriculum, but also respond to students’ communication and intellectual needs.
NOWE MODELE W DYDAKTYCE KULTURY. POLSKO-NIEMIECKIE MIEJSCA PAMIĘCI JAKO PRZYKŁAD INNOWACYJNEGO NAUCZANIA JĘZYKA NIEMIECKIEGO W KSZTAŁCENIU AKADEMICKIM
Authors: Dziura Tomasz
Published: September 2018

One of the main aims of uniting Europe is to create a common European culture of remembrance. To achieve this, different transnational projects are carried out, especially in historical sciences, but increasingly also in other disciplines such as pedagogy. This paper shows a new solution in teaching German as a foreign language at an academic level using the didactics of culture. The lesson unit discussed in this paper was developed within a bilateral project New models of didactics of culture. Polish-German realms of memory during a workshop which had been conducted by students of four universities (two Polish and two German), in order to design lessons curriculums. This article discusses how history and foreign language can be taught within an intercultural lesson unit which focuses on area studies.
Emily Wilding Davison Building, Royal Holloway, University of London
Authors: Tuck John , Brooke Matthew
Published: September 2018

Das Emily Wilding Davison Building ist ein neues Gebäude, das eine Reihe von Services für Studierende an der Royal Holloway, University of London vereinigt. Den größten Teil des Komplexes, der nach sechsjähriger Planungs-, Konstruktions- und Bauzeit im September 2017 eröffnet wurde, bildet die neue Bibliothek, die an 350 Tagen im Jahr rund um die Uhr geöffnet ist. Mit dem Ziel, die Studienbedingungen zu verbessern, sind in dem Gebäude Bibliothek, Studierendenservice, Career Center und Ausstellungs- sowie Veranstaltungsräume, ein Café, ein Geschäft und eine Bank zusammengeführt. Sämtliche Servicebereiche sind über ein Atrium miteinander verbunden.
Sonic Borderscapes: Popular Music, Pirate Radio, and Belonging in Black British Writing in the 1990s
Authors: Nyman Jopi
Published: September 2018

This article addresses the role of music and broadcast radio as elements in the construction of borderscapes, spaces of cultural construction and identity negotiation, in three black British novels published in the 1990 s, namely Diran Adebayo’s Some Kind of Black (1996), Karline Smith’s Moss Side Massive (1994/1998), and Courttia Newland’s Society Within (1999/2000). The article argues that the novels use black popular music and pirate (community) radio stations as means of constructing black identities, belonging, and communities in the conditions of the borderscape where hegemonic and resistant identifications come into contact with each other. Furthermore, the borderscape constructed can be seen as a sonic borderscape owing to the significant role allotted to music and radio in the novels. While music plays a particularly significant role at the level of the individual and contributes to the making of a distinct identity and difference, their becoming, the specific function given to community radio in these novels is to construct communities of belonging.1