bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defining the short-term disease recurrence after Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP)
Authors: Papalia Nicholas , Rohla Amanda , Tang Selphee , Nation Jill G. , Nelson Gregg
Published: November 2019

PURPOSE: The goal of cervical cancer screening is to identify dysplastic lesions for subsequent excision in order to prevent invasive disease. There is clinical equipoise, on how to best follow women for disease surveillance after treatment with some Canadian provinces exclusively performing colposcopy and some utilizing HPV testing in addition to cervical cytology. Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) is used to treat pre-invasive HPV-mediated disease and patients are typically followed for 12 months after disease excision. This study aims to quantify the prevalence of high-grade disease at the time of the second follow-up colposcopy visit, in a practice setting that utilizes laser ablation in addition to LEEP.
METHODS: In a retrospective cohort study, consecutive patient charts were accessed through the electronic medical record system, ARIA, at the Tom Baker Cancer Centre, in Calgary, Alberta, from January 2010 to December 2015. Data was extracted and a REDCap database was used to compile pertinent information from charts meeting inclusion criteria. Descriptive and analytic statistics were performed.
RESULTS: Of the 303 patients identified, 221 patients met inclusion criteria. 86% of these patients met discharge criteria from colposcopy after the second follow up visit. 31 (14%) were seen in a subsequent visit for abnormal findings. Of these, 7 (3.2%) underwent further treatment for high-grade disease (CIN 2/3). Of the 31, 23 (10.6%) had a third – negative – visit, resulting in discharge from colposcopy. One patient had a repeat LEEP for persistent LSIL.
CONCLUSION: In summary, our data demonstrates a prevalence of 3.2% of high-grade disease at the time of a second colposcopic follow up visit after treatment, in a setting which frequently utilizes laser ablation in combination with LEEP, for large lesions. This recurrence rate is consistent with most published literature on recurrence rates of CIN2/3.
Serum osteocalcin may serve as a predictor for the mortality in FOP patients aged ≤18 years at diagnosis
Authors: She Dunmin , Li Ran , Fang Ping , Zong Guannan , Xue Ying , Zhang Keqin
Published: November 2019

Background Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive (FOP) is an ultra-rare genetic disorder characterized by extraskeletal heterotopic ossification. It is well recognized that FOP can lead to a devastating condition of disability. However, the mortality rate of FOP patients in China and risk factors for mortality are still largely unclear.
Methods We conducted a retrospective research on a cohort of 65 cases of FOP patients in China from 2008 to 2018. We reviewed medical records of these FOP patients to retrieve information such as date of birth/death, gender, clinical features, genotypes and biochemical parameters and analyze the correlation of these parameters with the mortality.
Results 92.3% (60/65 cases) patients were classic FOP patients, 3.1% (2/65 cases) were FOP-plus and 4.6% (3/65 cases) were FOP variants. 9 cases of this cohort were dead during the ten-year period, and the overall mortality rate was 13.8%. c.617G>A mutation was confirmed in all non-survivors. In FOP patients≤18 years at diagnosis, non-survivors demonstrated significantly lower blood osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase levels compared with survivors ( P <0.05), and spearman correlation and logistic regression analysis indicated that serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase levels were negatively correlated with the mortality. Furthermore, the receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed serum osteocalcin had the largest area under the curve of 0.855 among four biochemical parameters, and serum osteocalcin < 65.9 ng/ml displayed a good capacity to discriminate the non-survivors from survivors in FOP patients aged 18 years and younger at diagnosis.
Conclusions Our findings showed that the mortality rate of FOP was 13.8% in China. Serum osteocalcin may serve as a clinical predictor for the mortality in FOP patients aged ≤18 years at diagnosis in China.
【 Key words 】Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive (FOP); mortality; risk factors; osteocalcin
The use of platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head: A systematic review
Authors: Han Jun , Gao Fuqiang , Sun Wei , Shi Lijun , Wu Xinjie , Li Tengqi
Published: November 2019

Background: As a pathological process, osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is characterized by the avascularity of the femoral head, cellular necrosis, microfracture, and the collapse of the articular surface. Currently, critical treatment for early stage ONFH is limited to core decompression. However, the efficacy of core decompression remains controversial. To improve the core decompression efficacy, regenerative techniques such as the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) were proposed for early stage ONFH. As a type of autologous plasma containing concentrations of platelets greater than the baseline, PRP plays an important role in tissue repair, regeneration, and the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the operation modes, mechanism and efficacy of PRP for early stage ONFH treatment.
Methods: We searched for relevant studies in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. By searching these electronic databases, the identification of either clinical or experimental studies evaluating PRP, MSC, core decompression and ONFH was our goal.
Results: Seventeen studies of PRP and avascular necrosis of the femoral head were evaluated in our review. Ten studies related to the possible mechanism of PRP for treating ONFH were reviewed. Seven studies of the operation modes of PRP in treating ONFH were identified. We reviewed the efficacy of PRP in treating ONFH systematically and made an attempt to compare the PRP operation modes in 7 studies and other operation modes in past studies for early stage ONFH treatment.
Conclusion: PRP treats ONFH mainly through three mechanisms: inducing angiogenesis and osteogenesis to accelerate bone healing; inhibiting inflammatory reactions in necrotic lesions; and preventing apoptosis induced by glucocorticoids. In addition, as an adjunctive therapy for core decompression, the use of PRP is recommended to improve the treatment of early stage ONFH patients, especially when combined with stem cells and bone grafts, by inducing osteogenic activity and stimulating the differentiation of stem cells in necrotic lesions.
The effect of the body mass index and creatinine clearance on serum trough concentration of vancomycin in adult patients
Authors: Pan Yuyan , He Xiaomei , Yao Xinyu , Wang Fengjiao , Ding Xinyuan , Wang Wenjuan
Published: November 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of patient body mass index (BMI) and estimated creatinine clearance (CrCl) on serum vancomycin concentrations in order to define a possible optimal dosage regimen in overweight patients from data obtained during therapeutic drug monitoring.Methods: This retrospective study used data collected from January 2017 to January 2019. Adult patients (n=204) receiving vancomycin treatment at a dose of 1000 mg in every 12 h and undergoing serum monitoring. Data collected included patient gender, age, height and weight, vancomycin regimens and concentrations, and serum creatinine. In this study, statistical comparisons were made on the results from patients according to serum vancomycin concentration.Results: Serum vancomycin concentration was significantly related to BMI (P < 0.001) and CrCl (P < 0.05) in adult patients. Further, the trough serum vancomycin concentration showed a logarithmic correlation with BMI (R = -0.5108, 95 % CI: -0.6082 to -0.3982, P < 0.001) and CrCl (R = -0.5739, 95 % CI: -0.6616 to -0.4707, P < 0.001). In addition, the CrCl was significantly related to BMI (P < 0.01). Besides, some of the patients with higher BMI (≥ 24 kg/m2) met the goal trough concentration after an adjustment from 1000 mg every 12 h to 1000 mg every 8 h.Conclusions: Serum vancomycin concentration decreases progressively with increasing BMI due to the augment in CrCl in adult patients. Therefore, dose adjustment should be based on BMI and CrCl for safe and effective use of vancomycin in adult patients (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2).
An exploratory study of the use of the electronic health records of hypertensive patients to support the primary prevention of stroke in Shanghai
Authors: Yang Tingting , Li Fen , Zhu Bifan , Chen Yuqian , Chen Duo , Wang Changying , Hou Zhiying , Xu Jiajie , Gu Shuwei , Liu Jiefeng , Wang Ying , Jin Chunlin
Published: November 2019

Background The value of targeting people with a high risk of stroke based on electronic health records (EHRs) in Shanghai is largely undiscovered.Aim To test the hypothesis that EHRs might be developed into an evidence-based support system to identify people who are at high risk of stroke.Methods We performed a screen analysis utilizing EHRs to target the population with stroke risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking and physical inactivity. We calculated the distribution of each risk factor and the combinations of risk factors.Results In the Jiading District of Shanghai, 46,580 hypertensive patients with complete baseline information joined the hypertensive patient management system from 2014 to 2017. The majority of the patients were older than 60 years. Physical inactivity (83.24%), smoking (24.07%), diabetes (16.87%), and obesity (12.23%) were highly prevalent in hypertension participants. Approximately 4377 patients had hypertension only, accounting for 9.70% of the total patients in this study. Approximately 52.47% of the patients had two risk factors at the same time, and 38.13% of the patients had hypertension, which means that 17,762 patients could be identified as a high-risk population for stroke according to the criteria established by the National Stroke Screening Survey.Conclusion Our exploratory findings suggest the feasibility of targeting populations with a high risk of stroke using the EHRs of hypertensive patients.
ONO-2506 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced hippocampal neuroinflammation and apoptosis
Authors: Liu Jian-yu , Fang Wei , Cai Shi-xia , Dai Ming-ying , Yao Bo
Published: November 2019

Background Sepsis associated encephalopathy has high mortality rate, but there is no targeted therapy to reduce brain damage in septic patients. In our previous study, we found that S100β concentration was higher in patients with SAE. At high concentration, S100β exerts neurotoxic effects through receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). RAGE-activated signalling could induce the inflammatory response. And neuroinflammation is an important mechanism of SAE. So inhibiting S100β expression may be a potential treatment of SAE. ONO-2506 can inhibit the production and release of S100 protein from astrocytes. In this study, we administered ONO-2506 to mice in order to evaluate its effectiveness on neuroinflammation and apoptosis in hippocampus induced by lipopolysaccharides. Results We found administration with lipopolysaccharides increased the levels of S100β, RAGE, IL-β, TNF-α and the TUNEL positive brain cells in hippocampus tissue. The ONO-2506 30mg/kg and 90mg/kg could reduce the levels of neuroinflammation (IL-β and TNF-α), and alleviate the apoptosis in hippocampus. Conclusions ONO-2506 could reduce the neuroinflammation and alleviate brain cell apoptosis in hippocampus of LPS mice models. Moreover, the RAGE expression was inhibited after ONO-2506 treatment.
The characteristics and level of musculoskeletal imaging training in physiotherapy educational programme in Nigeria
Authors: Onyeso Ogochukwu Kelechi , Umunnah Joseph O , Ezema Charles Ikechukwu , Balogun Joseph A , Uchenwoke Chigozie , Nwankwo Maduabuchukwu Joseph , Oke Kayode Israel , Bello Bashir , Nwosu Ifeoma Blessing , Adje Mishael E.
Published: November 2019

Background: Previous studies have shown that deficiency in training has led to inappropriate utilization of diagnostic imaging among healthcare professionals. Thus, raising concerns about patient safety and economic cost. This study aimed to assess the characteristics and level of musculoskeletal imaging (MI) training received by physiotherapists who graduated from Nigerian universities and completed the one-year mandatory internship. Methods: An online version of the Physiotherapist Musculoskeletal Imaging Profiling Questionnaire (PMIPQ), that was previously validated, was administered to all eligible physiotherapists identified through the Medical Rehabilitation Therapist Board’s (MRTBN) database. Parts A to C of the PMIPQ was used to obtain data on demographics, characteristics and level of training on various MI modalities. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Friedman’s ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis, at P ≤ 0.05. Results: The results showed that only 10.0% of the respondents had a standalone undergraduate course in MI, 92.8% did not have MI clinical posting exposure during the internship and 67.3% had never attended any MI workshop. There was a significant difference in the level of training received across various MI modalities [χ2 (15) = 1285.899; P = 0.001]. However, there was no significant difference in the level of MI training across the institutions (P = 0.36). The study participants with Doctor of Physiotherapy (DPT) education were better trained in MI than their counterparts with bachelor’s degree (P = 0.047). Conclusions: The overall level of MI training among the respondents was deficient, but the knowledge of X-ray was significantly higher than other MI modalities. Based on the overall findings in this study, we recommend that diagnostic imaging contents be introduced early in the entry-level DPT curriculum that is recently approved by the National University Commission.
The success of immediate implant placement with Zero insertion torque
Authors: Elian Samy Aboelyazied
Published: November 2019

Background The primary stability in immediate implant placement was considered one of the prerequisites for the achievement of good osseointgration. The insertion torque varies between cases depending on many factors and may goes down to Zero that may affect the prognosis of the implant especially in the soft maxillary bone. The aim of the study was to assess clinically the success&/or failure of immediate flapless implant placement in the maxilla with Zero insertion torque measurement with a follow up time ranging 2-4 years. Results: out of 780 analyzed, fourteen implants were placed in fresh extraction sockets for single rooted teeth in the maxilla and did not get primary stability (zero insertion torque). Their survival rate was 85.7%. Conclusions: The loss of torque during immediate implant placement to Zero may jeopardize the survival of the implants, but it may not be statistically significant with their failure and loss. The lack of certain conditions that are absent during their surgical installation and healing have the major effects on success. The implant primary stability is not an absolute prerequisite to osseointegration; however, it may affect the implant survival rate. Key words: 0 torque implant insertion, implant primary stability, loose implant, immediate implant survival, immediate implant placement.
Computed tomography measurements of presumptively normal canine sternal lymph nodes
Authors: Stehlík Ladislav , Vitulová Hana , Simeoni Francesco , Proks Pavel , Vignoli Massimo
Published: November 2019

Background: There is a lack of information regarding the CT appearance of sternal lymph nodes in dogs. This retrospective anatomic study was aimed to describe the general appearance of SLN in healthy dogs. Results: Twenty-eight dogs with no abnormality in blood work, urinalysis and CT images were included in the study. Animals were divided into three weight groups; ≤10 kg, 10.1 to 30 kg and ≥30.1 kg. Multi-planar reconstructions of CT images were made to identify sternal lymph nodes. The number, location, size, density and heterogeneity of sternal lymph nodes were recorded. Density and heterogeneity of lymph nodes were measured on pre- and postcontrast images. Except for one dog, sternal lymph nodes were identified in all the animals. The mean number of sternal lymph nodes per dog was 2.1 (SD 0.6), and the most frequent localization was at the level of the second sternebra (23 dogs; 85%). There was a positive correlation between the weight and all the dimensions of sternal lymph nodes. A significant negative correlation was found between the age and DV dimension of the lymph node. Short-to-long axis ratios were not significantly different between the weight groups. None of the measured dimensions nor the ratio values was significantly different between the medium-sized dogs (10.1 to 30 kg) and the large dogs (≥30.1 kg). There was a significant difference between precontrast and postcontrast density and heterogeneity values of sternal lymph nodes. Conclusions: Based on the results, we recommend using the short-to-long axis ratios for sternal lymph node size evaluation among animals of different size. Sternal lymph nodes in this study appeared on precontrast examination as heterogeneous, and homogenous on the postcontrast examination.
Genetic diversity and different cross-neutralization capability of porcine circovirus type 2 isolates recently circulating in South Korea
Authors: Kang Seok-Jin , Kang Hyeonjeong , Yu Su-Hwa , Lee Hye Jeong , Lee Nakhyung , Hyun Bang-Hun , Cha Sang-Ho
Published: November 2019

Background : Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a small single-stranded DNA virus and a primary cause of PCV-associated diseases (PCVAD) that result in substantial economic loss for swine farms. Between 2016 and 2018, PCV2 field viruses were isolated from PCVAD-affected swine farms in South Korea and investigated for genetic and antigenic heterogeneity. Results : The genetic analysis of ORF2 showed that the genotype of the Korean PCV2 field isolates has been rapidly shifted from PCV2a or 2b to mutant PCV2b known as PCV2d with 82.6% to 100% amino acid sequence similarity. PCV2-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) demonstrated variable antigen-binding activity to four representative Korean PCV2 field isolates [QIA215 (PCV2a), QIA418 (PCV2b), QIA169 (PCV2d), and QIA244 (PCV2d)] without genotype specificity, and one mAb showed neutralization activity to QIA215. In a cross-virus neutralization assay using anti-PCV2 sera of pigs and guinea pigs injected with a commercial vaccine and the Korean PCV2 field isolates, the anti-porcine sera of a commercial vaccine had high neutralization activity against QIA215 and QIA418 with statistically lower activity against PCV2d viruses. Anti-guinea pig sera of QIA215, QIA418, QIA169, and a commercial vaccine had high neutralization activity against all of the viruses with significantly lower activity against QIA244. Importantly, anti-guinea pig sera of QIA244 had high neutralization activity against all of the viruses. Conclusions: This study confirmed genetic and antigenic diversity among recent PCV2 field isolates in Korean swine farms, and the strain-based difference in virus neutralization capability should be considered for more effective control by vaccination.
Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis reduce faecal protein catabolites concentration and odor in dogs
Authors: Bastos Tais , de Lima Daniele Cristina , Souza Camilla Mariane Menezes , Maiorka Alex , de Oliveira Simone Gisele , Bittencourt Letícia Cardoso , Félix Ananda Portella
Published: November 2019

Background: Direct-fed microbials (DFM), as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, may improve gut functionality of the host by favoring non-pathogenic bacteria and reducing the formation of putrefactive compounds. The aim of this study was to assess the nutrients digestibility, faecal characteristics and products of intestinal fermentation in dogs fed diets with Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis. Sixteen adult beagle dogs randomly distributed were used. Every eight dogs were fed with the control diet or the diet to which 62.5 g DFM (B. subtilis and B. licheniformis)/ton were added. Diets were provided during a twenty days adaptation period, followed by five days of total faecal collection. Nutrients digestibility and metabolizable energy of the diets, and faecal characteristics and products of dogs’ intestinal fermentation were assessed. Results: There were no differences in nutrients digestibility (P >0.05). The DFM supplementation, however, improved the faecal score and resulted in less fetid faeces (P <0.001). The DFM inclusion reduced (P <0.05) the biogenic amines concentration: putrescine, spermidine and cadaverine, and the concentration of phenols and quinoline. Conclusions: The use of B. subtillis and B. licheniformis as DFM reduce the concentration of nitrogen fermentation products in the faeces and faecal odor, but the digestibility of nutrients is not altered in dogs.
Profit distribution and managers’ behavior in vertical integrated medical delivery systems - An experimental economics study
Authors: Bo Yunque , Qi Miaojie , Liu Siyu , Cui Jiyu , Han Youli
Published: November 2019

Background：Fragmentation of medical care has become one of the main reasons for the inefficiency of medical delivery systems. Vertical integration of medical delivery systems (VIMDS) is a reform direction in the world. Managers’ behavior toward profit distribution is an important factor that influences them to pursue the goal of VIMDS. We conducted a controlled economics experiment to explore decision-making by managers of medical institutions in respect of profits and what influences the distribution mechanism in VIMDS. Methods：Undergraduate and postgraduate Students majoring in health management, and administrative staffs from hospitals were recruited to make choices in the role of directors of institutions. Z-Tree software was used to design the experimental program. 96 subjects participated in the experiment. We gathered 479 valid contracts. Results: 66.39% of the subjects choose flexible contracts. The median of the bidding distribution rate to community health service centers of all auctions was 18.50%. The final distribution rate is about 3 percentage points higher than the bidding distribution rate. The median of the effort level was 9.00. There was a significant correlation between the improvement rate and the choice of effort level (p＜0.05) in flexible contracts. Conclusions: The hospital managers have a preference for flexible contracts because of uncertainty in the medical system. Community health service center director may be perfunctory as shading in the integration. Flexible contract and sharing rate beyond participants’ expectation motivate managers to make more cooperative behaviors.
Supporting the clinical use of the ICF in Japan – Development of the Japanese version of the simple, intuitive descriptions for the ICF Generic-30 Set, its operationalization through a rating reference guide, and interrater reliability study
Authors: Mukaino Masahiko , Prodinger Birgit , Yamada Shin , Senju Yuki , Izumi Shin-Ichi , Sonoda Shigeru , Selb Melissa , Saitoh Eiichi , Stucki Gerold
Published: November 2019

Background: The World Health Organization developed the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) in 2001 and has been in the process of implementing it in clinics since then. Current international efforts to implement ICF in rehabilitation clinics include the implementation of ICF Core Sets and the development of simple, intuitive descriptions for the ICF Generic-30 Set (also called Rehabilitation Set). The present study was designed to operationalize these ICF tools for clinical practice in Japan. This work included 1) the development of the Japanese version of the simple, intuitive descriptions for the ICF Generic-30 Set, 2) the development of a rating reference guide for Activity and Participation categories, and 3) the examination of the interrater reliability of rating Activity and Participation categories. Methods: The Japanese version of the simple, intuitive descriptions for the ICF Generic-30 Set was developed following the process employed to develop the Chinese and Italian versions. For further operationalization of this ICF Set in practice, a rating reference guide was developed. The development of the rating reference guide involved the following steps: 1) a trial of rating patients by several raters, 2) cognitive interviewing of the raters to analyze the thinking process involved in rating, 3) drafting of the rating reference guide, and 4) review by ICF specialists to confirm consistency with the original ICF concepts. After the rating reference guide was developed, interrater reliability of the rating with the reference guide was determined. Interrater reliability was examined using weighted kappa statistics with linear weight. Results: Through the pre-defined process, the Japanese version of the simple, intuitive descriptions for 30 categories of the ICF Generic-30 Set and the rating reference guides for 21 Activity and Participation categories were successfully developed. The weighted kappa statistics ranged from 0.61 to 0.85, showing substantial to excellent agreement of the ratings between raters. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that ICF categories can be translated into clinical practice. Collaboration between clinicians and researchers would further enhance the implementation of the ICF in Japan. Trial registration: not applicable
Determinants of Tooth Brushing Practice among Medical and Health Sciences Students of University of Gondar, northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Dagnew Baye , Dagne Henok , Andualem Zewudu
Published: November 2019

Tooth brushing practice is an effective preventive measure for maintaining good individual oral health which is an integral part of one’s general health. The current study aimed to assess determinant factors of practice of tooth brushing among Medical and Health sciences students in University of Gondar, Ethiopia.
: Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2019 using simple random sampling technique and self- administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Epi info was used for data entry and SPSS 22 was used for analysis. The adjusted odds ratio with 95% uncertainty interval and p<0.05 was used to identify determinants of tooth brushing practice
Of the study participants in this study 69.6% with 95% UI (65.0, 74.5%) had good tooth brushing practice. Being female [AOR = 7.76, 95% UI (3.79, 15.88)], good dental health knowledge [AOR = 1.66, 95% UI (1.01, 2.75)] and dental flossing [AOR = 2.74, 95% UI (1.64, 4.59)] were determinant factors of tooth brushing practice.
: Improving the oral hygiene knowledge is important to substantially increase tooth brushing practice. Finally, this study was not without limitation. The aforementioned factors demand the attention of health sector stakeholders to improve dental health knowledge to substantially increase practice of tooth brushing.
Intellectual capital and market value: evidence from Jordan
Authors: Fawzi Shubita Mohammad
Published: November 2019

This research aims to apply the value-added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) model to test the impact of intellectual capital (IC) on market value of the Jordanian industrial firms. The research increases the awareness of the need for firms of all sizes to communicate and value their business beyond capturing numbers alone. The sample for this study is 73 Jordanian manufacturing shareholders companies during the period 2005–2017. The sample employed consists of 648 firm-year observations. Market value is measured using the market capitalization over the total assets. Valuation approaches are a challenging area created to enable the stakeholders, or outside parties, to put an economic value on a firm.The IC and its components: capital employed (CEE), structural capital (SCE), and human capital (HCE) of industrial firms have been analyzed, and their impact on market value has been estimated using regression models. The results show that there is no relationship between IC and the market value; HCE is associated with the market value, and SCE and CEE are not associated with the market value. This could be explained by the increase in employees’ training, as a regular training program is an essential factor in managers’ and employees’ performance. Practically, investors have a positive view of a firm that has higher employee expenditure than its investment in physical capital. Future research should be made on the empirical analysis of other sectors to determine whether different results and explanations can be obtained.
Parsuna – the first secular representation of the traditional Russian icon
Authors: Bella Takushinova
Published: November 2019

The second half of the 15th century in the Russian Church history marked a strong decline of spiritual life, which naturally found its reflection in the icon painting. The feeling of integrity of an image, its depth were lost. At the same time, the weakening influence of the Orthodox Balkans and the Byzantine Empire gave way to the influence of the Catholic West with its profoundly different principles of religious art.In this transitional period of the Russian cultural life, characterized by the transformation of the medieval worldview and the formation of new artistic ideals, appeared parsuna (a rough Russian transliteration of the Latin word “persona”) - an early secular portrait of a lay person in the iconographic style that represents an important transition in Russia’s art history. The first pasruna were painted, most probably, by the iconographers of the Moscow Kremlin Armoury in the 17th century. The painters of these portraits were usually monks that tended to be anonymous, showing a humility.Although the stylized forms used in parsuna reveal a lack of concern with preserving the actual features of a person, but rather their overall image (special attributes and signatures allow to define represented), it still can be viewed as one of the very first attempts to look at person not only through the rigid iconographic canons, but also through a prism of psychological interpretation. Thus, this transitional image may be concerned as the initial fundamental step on the way to the further introduction fo the European portrait tradition in Russia.In this study, we would like to consistently trace how parsuna, thanks to its completely new stylistic value, can be considered one of the earliest stages on the way to the secularization of the Russian art in the early 17th century, which led to the separation from the strict iconographic religious canons and, consequently, to the rapprochement with the European art.
The Charterhouse of St. Lorenzo in Padula, an ideal mystical city of modern Campania
Authors: Castanò Francesca
Published: November 2019

The essay explores the characteristics and themes of architecture related to Benedictine monastic life in the territories of Cilento and Vallo di Diano. The influences coming from the East and from beyond the Alps are adapted to local traditions without imitating early Christian models, as happens in other areas of Campania. The classical Greek elements acquire greater importance than the Roman universe. The previous buildings adapt to the western world and create heterogeneous hybrids that cannot be easily classified. The Carthusians introduce models that are consistent with a new formulation of the concept of the ideal city. The essay aims to analyze specifically the Certosa di Padula, in the heart of the Vallo di Diano, from the act of its foundation at the beginning of the fourteenth century until the impressive renovations during the eighteenth century. The monastic complex does not present itself as a safe haven from the perils of the world but becomes a spiritual place, the anticipation of Paradise on earth. On the one hand, respect for the strict rule of San Brunone and, on the other, constant interaction with the surrounding territory. The monastery constitutes a new type of polis. An ideality regulated by a rigid separation of the cloistered environments intended for the contemplation of the monks and those dedicated to community life. The boundary between the hermit's life in the upper domus and the cenobitic life in the lower domus is marked by the desertum, the large cultivated green space that gives access to the Civitas Dei, announced by the cartouche of the threshold "Felix coeli porta". The architectural structure of the Certosa di Padula, born on the basis of the models of Trisulti in Lazio and the motherhouse of Grenoble, reflects and embodies that ideal mystical city as declined by Thomas More who saw in monastic customs the foundation of Utopia.
Materiality and Immateriality of neglected historical churches: preservation and adaptive reuse
Authors: D'Aprile Marina
Published: November 2019

One of the more controversial topics about the preservation of disused historic buildings regards how to ensure them a sustainable future. This question is especially problematic respecting the increasing stock of worship places, like churches, fallen into disuse, closed or abandoned. The recognition and the safeguard of tangible and intangible values associated with them raise many debates on how these buildings should be protected and handed down to the future, complying with the community’s current needs concurrently. Should there be limits on reusing former worship places? Given the changing meaning of sacredness over time, how should ‘sacred values’ of disused church buildings be recognized and maintained? Can they be preserved adapting churches for new purposes? What about the building’s atmosphere? Should it be retained? Should it be adapted to the building’s new use?These and other questions, even involving the socioeconomic sphere, notably mark the field, given that the number of disused historic and modern Christian church buildings is still increasing throughout the West. Gathering different orientations and practices ranging from the historic preservation up to the building refurbishment, the so-called ‘adaptive reuse’ of buildings has been becoming more and more often habitual within Western countries even for disused worship places. Conversions of former churches according to this trend are differently valuable from a preserving perspective, since they have often implied remarkable changes to the building’s identity and integrity, even compromising the recognition and the safeguard of intangible values associated with. How should new uses be chosen, so that they do not endanger tangible and immaterial attributes of church buildings? Is the adaptive reuse the most suitable strategy in order to approach all the cited issues?Providing a brief overview on what the adaptive reuse of Christian church buildings fallen into disuse methodologically consists of, the study aims to suggest some answers to the mentioned questions, resorting to last specific international recommendations and guidelines. The prime limits and implications of the adaptive reuse of these buildings have been thus profiled regarding the preservation of tangible and intangible values they involve, concluding that only values centered preserving approach can provide a valid framework to face the challenge of the increasing redundancy of worship places.
Space as Symbol in Sacred Architecture. The Problem of Christian Sacred Architecture
Authors: Gojnik Zorana Sokol , Gojnik Igor
Published: November 2019

In contemporary research (theoretical and architectural projects) of Christian sacred architecture it has been observed that there is a lack of understanding of the phenomenon of space as one of the symbols of sacred architecture.The goal of this paper is to point out the importance of observing the space (architecture) as a sacred symbol, because a problem has been recognised, dealing with the lack of fundemantel definition in the interpretation of the sacred space.In this paper, the research will be carried out by a comparative analysis of the religious concepts of the great religions of Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, as well as their materialisation through space.The expected result of the research is to confirm the hypothesis that space, as well as rituals, images, artistic works, etc. in sacred architecture has the role of a symbol. Space has the task of keeping the basic concepts of religions and of being a mediator of the experience of faith.
Hydrogeochemical appraisal of groundwater quality and health risk in a near-suburb area of North China
Authors: Xiao Yong , Yin Shiyang , Hao Qichen , Gu Xiaomin , Pei Qiuming , Zhang Yunhui
Published: November 2019

The present study was conducted to appraise the suitability and human health risk of groundwater in a rapid urbanization area of North China. Groundwater samples were collected from phreatic and confined aquifers throughout the study area during pre- and post-monsoon seasons. Results show groundwater, regardless the depth, is slightly alkaline in nature and relatively fresh with the total dissolved solids within 600 mg/L. The hydrochemical facies of phreatic and confined groundwater are dominantly HCO3-Ca·Mg, followed by HCO3-Na. Groundwater in the study area, regardless the depth, is suitable for irrigation with almost no salinity and sodium hazards if proper drainage measures are undertaken. The entropy weight water quality index evaluating results show all phreatic and confined groundwater is suitable for drinking purposes. The overall potential non-carcinogenic risk posed by nitrogen (NO3-N, NH4-N) and heavy metals (As, Zn, Fe, Mn) through drinking water ingestion exists in the southwestern area and a small local area in the central study area, and is higher for children. Special attention should be paid to the arsenic because its hazard quotient was very high in some local areas. This study will benefit the protection and utilization of groundwater in near-suburb areas around the world.
Influence of volumetric loading rate on aerobic sewage treatment for indigenous algal growth
Authors: Mendoza L. , Aray-Andrade M. M. , Bermudez R. , Amaya J. , Zhang L. , Moreira C.
Published: November 2019

Many rural areas of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region are economically depressed. Rural sewage treatment in most areas of LAC is deficient or non-existent. Consequently, the possibility of generating economic revenue from treated sewage is an attractive option for deprived areas of developing countries. Given its peculiar characteristics, rural sewage may be coupled with biological systems such as algae for nutrient cycling. Acceptable algae growth and nutrient elimination were obtained from rural sewage whose treatment may have fallen short of current disposal standards. In this study, aerobic systems working on an 8-month cycle at three different volumetric loading rates (Bv) were assessed in relation to the lifetime growth of three algae strains native to Ecuador. Results indicate Chlorella sp. M2 as the optimal algal strain, with the highest growth rate at Bv of 1 g COD L−1 d−1 and a removal of organic-N (30%), PO43–-P (87%) and NH4+-N (95%). Concomitantly, the kinetic constants of the sewage resulted in a low biomass yield coefficient, making the proposed system highly suitable for developing countries. Finally, the proposed partial recovery stream method, combining nutrient recovery with economic resource generation, appears to contain great potential.
Imaginarios del progreso. Representaciones tecnológicas en el Circuncaribe mediante tarjetas postales (1899-1930). El caso de Costa Rica
Authors: Camacho Navarro Enrique
Published: November 2019

El objetivo de este texto es analizar algunos vestigios visuales, tales como lo son las tarjetas postales vinculadas al tema de las plantaciones circuncaribeñas del banano, atendiendo de manera particular el caso costarricense. Luego de realizar una lectura iconológica, presentar el tipo de discurso que de ellas emana, sosteniendo como tesis que, a través de las imágenes en las que se destaca el adelanto tecnológico mediante la iconografía de barcos y ferrocarriles, se construye un imaginario de prosperidad y bonanza, que sería la propuesta/el objetivo de las compañías bananeras, instaladas en una extensa región bañada por el Mar Caribe, entre finales del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX.
Esclavitud y peonaje: el destierro yaqui en Yucatán, 1900-1912
Authors: Anaya-Merchant Luis
Published: November 2019

Este ensayo revisa la cuestión de la esclavitud y el peonaje en Yucatán a propósito del “destierro yaqui”. El entreveramiento de estas formas de producción, de tres guerras que cruzan ese destierro, de la relativa cortedad histórica, el carácter sobre politizado de las primeras denuncias y una historiografía dividida no han facilitado aclarar la existencia de dichos fenómenos. Para aclararlos se discuten algunos asertos fundamentales de la historiografía contemporánea sobre el régimen paternalista en las haciendas henequeneras yucatecas durante el Porfiriato tardío.
Trabajadores enfermos: investigación social compartida y exigencia de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Velandia Díaz Daniel
Published: November 2019

Presento características, análisis y desafíos de un proceso de investigación cualitativa que se dio en el estudio sobre organizaciones de trabajadores y extrabajadores enfermos en Colombia. El estudio fue llevado a cabo mediante un convenio entre el Ministerio de Trabajo de Colombia y la Asociación de Abogados Laboralistas de los Trabajadores (Asolaborales). Para comprender las particularidades, el proceso y los alcances de la investigación, propongo la noción de: “investigación compartida”. Como se trata de una reflexión sobre la forma en que se llevó a cabo este estudio de las organizaciones de trabajadores, el análisis toma la forma de introspección sobre los aspectos metodológicos, es decir, de una mirada hacia el interior de los procesos concretos de investigación. Se hace énfasis en el diseño metodológico, el rol del trabajo de campo, el análisis de los datos y las reflexiones colectivas alrededor de la investigación. Como resultado, el artículo muestra cómo el equipo de investigación conformado mayoritariamente por abogados y abogadas obtuvo un conjunto de aprendizajes, mientras conoció y llevó a cabo la investigación cualitativa. La principal conclusión es que la “investigación compartida” permitió el desarrollo de los objetivos de la Asociación de Abogados Laboralistas de los Trabajadores (Asolaborales), fortaleció el diálogo interdisciplinario y pudo constituirse como una herramienta de trabajo para algunos procesos del derecho.

Palabras clave: Metodología en Ciencias Sociales; Antropología del trabajo; Trabajadores enfermos; Derechos económicos, políticos y sociales; Derechos Humanos; Proceso de investigación
Antropología en el contexto gubernamental
Authors: Velandia Díaz Daniel , Cáceres Domínguez Claudia
Published: November 2019

En el XVI Congreso de Antropología en Colombia y V Congreso de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Antropología realizados en 2017 en la ciudad de Bogotá, llevamos a cabo, junto con un nutrido grupo de ponentes y asistentes y, con nuestros colegas José Francisco Hurtado Gamboa y Claudia Alexandra Duque Fonseca, el simposio: “Antropología en el contexto gubernamental: incidencia política de la disciplina desde el poder ejecutivo”. Desde entonces, convencidos de la necesidad de compartir, ana-lizar y divulgar algunas características, experiencias e historias del ejercicio profesional de la antro-pología en el contexto de los gobiernos, presentamos este dossier.
Los Antropólogos y nosotros mismos
Authors: Martínez Dueñas William Andrés
Published: November 2019

Por coincidencia en los últimos volúmenes de Jangwa Pana (JP) a través de las editoriales he resaltado la reflexión sobre nosotros, científicos sociales, humanistas y especialmente antropólogos, como productores de representaciones de los otros. En tal sentido ese nosotros es Otro sobre el cual pensamos desde la distancia de los textos, los teclados y las pantallas. Esta reflexividad quizá resuelva en parte la pregunta sobre cuál es el estilo de la antropología en Colombia (o uno de tantos) y explique por qué esta comunidad de conocimiento toma su tiempo en dar respuesta a las preguntas que la sociedad le hace sobre política y cultura de manera urgente –esto no es un mea culpa—, quizá por el temor a presionar la herida colonial. Por otro lado, plantea las múltiples formas (métodos y técnicas) que dan forma a las relaciones entre los actores académicos, sus otros y el Estado con sus proyectos de Nación.
Ortaöğretim 9. ve10. Sınıf Biyoloji Ders Kitaplarında Yer Alan Değerler
Authors: Özay Köse Esra , Gül Şeyda
Published: November 2019

Değerler, insanları ve durumları analiz etmede
kullandıkları istenilen davranışları ve yaşam biçimlerini ifade eden doğru
karar vermede fertlere yardımcı olan temel ölçütler şeklinde ifade
edilmektedir. Burada en önemli görevlerden biri eğitim kurumlarına düşmekte
olup okullarda verilen değerler eğitimi önem arz etmektedir. Okullar müfredatta
net bir şekilde belirtilen veya örtük olan değerleri kazandırmak, öğrencileri
istenilen değerler konusunda yetiştirmek, görevini üstlenmiştir. Programlarda
yer alan kazanımların öğrencilere verilmesinde çoğunlukla kullanılan araç ders
kitapları olduğundan önemli bir yere sahip olduğu söylenebilir. Bundan dolayı
değerlerin ders kitaplarında ne kadar ve nasıl bulunduğu önemli bir husustur.
Bu araştırmada MEB tarafından kabul edilen 9. ve 10. sınıf biyoloji ders
kitaplarında değerlere yer verilme durumunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Araş-tırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman incelemesi kullanılmıştır.
Bu çalışmanın veri kaynağını MEB tarafından 2018–2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında
ortaöğretim okullarına ücretsiz dağıtılan birer adet 9 ve 10. sınıf biyoloji
ders kitabı oluşturmaktadır. Kitaplarda 3 ayrı ünitede yer alan metinler
incelemeye alınmış, bu bölümlerde değinilen değerler tespit edilmiştir.
Verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz yapılmıştır. Betimsel analiz için MEB
tarafından belirlenen değerler kullanılmıştır. Sonra kitaplar cümle cümle
okunarak ilgili değerlerin bulunma sıklığına bakılmıştır. 9 ve 10.sınıf
biyoloji ders kitaplarında yer alan metinler incelenerek elde edilen analizler
sonucu metinlerde, sorumluluk, sevgi, 
saygı, hoşgörü, dayanışma, yardımlaşma, 
fedakarlık, merhamet, temizlik, kültürel mirasa sahip çıkma, estetik
duyguların geliştirilmesi, empati, dostluk, doğruluk, dürüstlük, adalet,
çalışkanlık, paylaşımcı olmak, iyilik yapmak değerleri tespit edilmiştir. Fakat
bu değerlerden yardımlaşma ve sevgi hariç diğerlerine direk olarak metinlerde
değinilmemiş olup cümlenin verdiği anlamdan bu değerlere vurgu yapıldığı
anlaşılmaktadır.