bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic structure of Tibetan populations in Gansu revealed by forensic STR loci
Authors: Yao Hong-Bing , Wang Chuan-Chao , Wang Jiang , Tao Xiaolan , Shang Lei , Wen Shao-Qing , Du Qiajun , Deng Qiongying , Xu Bingying , Huang Ying , Wang Hong-Dan , Li Shujin , Bin Cong  , Ma Liying , Jin Li , Krause Johannes , Li Hui
Published: January 2017

The origin and diversification of Sino-Tibetan speaking populations have been long-standing hot debates. However, the limited genetic information of Tibetan populations keeps this topic far from clear. In the present study, we genotyped 15 forensic autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) from 803 unrelated Tibetan individuals from Gansu Province (635 from Gannan and 168 from Tianzhu) in northwest China. We combined these data with published dataset to infer a detailed population affinities and genetic substructure of Sino-Tibetan populations. Our results revealed Tibetan populations in Gannan and Tianzhu are genetically very similar with Tibetans from other regions. The Tibetans in Tianzhu have received more genetic influence from surrounding lowland populations. The genetic structure of Sino-Tibetan populations was strongly correlated with linguistic affiliations. Although the among-population variances are relatively small, the genetic components for Tibetan, Lolo-Burmese, and Han Chinese were quite distinctive, especially for the Deng, Nu, and Derung of Lolo-Burmese. Han Chinese but not Tibetans are suggested to share substantial genetic component with southern natives, such as Tai-Kadai and Hmong-Mien speaking populations, and with other lowland East Asian populations, which implies there might be extensive gene flow between those lowland groups and Han Chinese after Han Chinese were separated from Tibetans. The dataset generated in present study is also valuable for forensic identification and paternity tests in China.
Fabrication of polarization-independent waveguides deeply buried in lithium niobate crystal using aberration-corrected femtosecond laser direct writing
Authors: Wang Peng , Qi Jia , Liu Zhengming , Liao Yang , Chu Wei , Cheng Ya
Published: January 2017

Writing optical waveguides with femtosecond laser pulses provides the capability of forming three-dimensional photonic circuits for manipulating light fields in both linear and nonlinear manners. To fully explore this potential, large depths of the buried waveguides in transparent substrates are often desirable to facilitate achieving vertical integration of waveguides in a multi-layer configuration, which, however, is hampered by rapidly degraded axial resolution caused by optical aberration. Here, we show that with the correction of the spherical aberration, polarization-independent waveguides can be inscribed in a nonlinear optical crystal lithium niobate (LN) at depths up to 1400 μm, which is more than one order of magnitude deeper than the waveguides written with aberration uncorrected femtosecond laser pulses. Our technique is beneficial for applications ranging from miniaturized nonlinear light sources to quantum information processing.
An α-Bi2O3/BiOBr core–shell heterojunction with high photocatalytic activity
Authors: Shan Lianwei , Liu Yuteng , Chen Hongtao , Wu Ze , Han Zhidong
Published: January 2017

We prepared α-Bi2O3/BiOBr core–shell heterojunction via a facile in situ chemical transformation method. The prepared α-Bi2O3/BiOBr photocatalyst is characteristic of porous and high specific surface area, and shows high photocatalytic activity.
β-Diketiminate calcium hydride complexes: the importance of solvent effects
Authors: Causero Andrea , Ballmann Gerd , Pahl Jürgen , Färber Christian , Intemann Julia , Harder Sjoerd
Published: January 2017

β-Diketiminate calcium hydride complexes of the type [(DIPPnacnac)CaH·S]2(S = Et2O,N-Me-morpholine, DABCO) have been obtained. The solvent molecule plays a crucial part in stabilization towards ligand exchange and precipitation of CaH2.
Solar photochemical–thermal water splitting at 140 °C with Cu-loaded TiO2
Authors: Docao Son , Koirala Agni Raj , Kim Min Gyu , Hwang In Chul , Song Mee Kyung , Yoon Kyung Byung
Published: January 2017

Metal oxide based solar photochemical–thermal water splitting is a new promising approach to convert solar energy to chemical energy.
Catalytic asymmetric Tamura cycloadditions involving nitroalkenes
Authors: Manoni Francesco , Farid Umar , Trujillo Cristina , Connon Stephen J.
Published: January 2017

The first examples of asymmetric Tamura cycloaddition reactions involving singly activated alkenes are reported.
Nanotechnology-based analytical approaches for detection of viruses
Authors: Vaculovicova Marketa , Michalek Petr , Krizkova Sona , Macka Mirek , Adam Vojtech
Published: January 2017

The risks posed by viral diseases have been recognised as critical threats to mankind.
The complexity of lipoprotein (a) lowering by PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Lambert Gilles , Thedrez Aurélie , Croyal Mikaël , Ramin-Mangata Stéphane , Couret David , Diotel Nicolas , Nobécourt-Dupuy Estelle , Krempf Michel , LeBail Jean Christophe , Poirier Bruno , Blankenstein Jorg , Villard Elise F. , Guillot Etienne
Published: January 2017

Since 2012, clinical trials dedicated to proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have unambiguously demonstrated robust reductions not only in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) but also in lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] levels. The scientific literature published prior to those studies did not provide any evidence for a link between PCSK9 and Lp(a) metabolism. More recent investigations, either in vitro or in vivo, have attempted to unravel the mechanism(s) by which PCSK9 mAbs reduce circulating Lp(a) levels, with some showing a specific implication of the LDL receptor (LDLR) in Lp(a) clearance whereas others found no significant role for the LDLR in that process. This elusive pathway appears clearly distinct from that of the widely prescribed statins that also enhance LDLR function but do not lower circulating Lp (a) levels in humans. So how does PCSK9 inhibition with mAbs reduce Lp(a)? This still remains to be established.
Low‐power SOI CMOS antenna switch driver circuit with RF leakage suppression and fast switching time
Authors: Lee I.‐Y. , Im D.
Published: January 2017

A low‐power antenna switch driver circuit with RF leakage suppression and fast switching time is implemented in a 0.25 μm silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) CMOS process. It is composed of a three‐stage current starved ring oscillator with a clock buffer, a charge pump and a latch‐based three‐state logic driver. The negative voltage from the charge pump is fed into the latch‐based three‐state logic driver, and it generates three states of logic level (+VDD, GND and −VDD) according to the decoder signal without any reliability issue. In addition, the proposed three‐state logic driver with an optimal negative resistance value reduces the amount of the RF leakage coupling into the charge pump while maintaining its switching time fast. In the measurement, the designed switch driver circuit shows <0.1 V of voltage loss under 150 μA of current consumption. A single‐pole double‐throw antenna switch employing the proposed switch driver circuit is implemented in a 0.25 μm SOI CMOS process. The measurement shows higher than +38 dBm of 1 dB compression point (P1dB) and 140 ns of switching time while allowing <0.5 dB of insertion loss and >30 dB of isolation over 100 MHz to 3 GHz frequency range.
32ps timing jitter with a fully integrated front end circuit and single photon avalanche diodes
Authors: Acconcia G. , Rech I. , Labanca I. , Ghioni M.
Published: January 2017

Excellent performance of custom technology SPAD detectors have been widely demonstrated in recent years. Low‐jitter timing measurements with these detectors require front end electronics able to sense the avalanche current at a very low level when the multiplication process is still confined in a very small area around the photon absorption point. Best in class results (35 ps full width at half maximum) have been obtained with discrete circuits not suitable to be used in densely integrated systems of SPAD arrays required by modern demanding applications. A new fully integrated front end able to read out the avalanche current with a timing jitter as low as 32 ps and suitable to be exploited with SPAD arrays is presented.
Mobile cloud computing with a UAV‐mounted cloudlet: optimal bit allocation for communication and computation
Authors: Jeong Seongah , Simeone Osvaldo , Kang Joonhyuk
Published: January 2017

Mobile cloud computing relieves the tension between computation‐intensive mobile applications and battery‐constrained mobile devices by enabling the offloading of computing tasks from mobiles to a remote processors. This study considers a mobile cloud computing scenario in which the ‘cloudlet’ processor that provides offloading opportunities to mobile devices is mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to enhance coverage. Focusing on a slotted communication system with frequency division multiplexing between mobile and UAV, the joint optimisation of the number of input bits transmitted in the uplink by the mobile to the UAV, the number of input bits processed by the cloudlet at the UAV and the number of output bits returned by the cloudlet to the mobile in the downlink in each slot is carried out by means of dual decomposition under maximum latency constraints with the aim of minimising the mobile energy consumption. Numerical results reveal the critical importance of an optimised bit allocation in order to enable significant energy savings as compared with local mobile execution for stringent latency constraints.
SRG converter topologies for continuous conduction operation: a comparative evaluation
Authors: Ćalasan Martin P. , Vujičić Vladan P.
Published: January 2017

In this study, the comparative evaluation of the asymmetric, Derishzadeh and Vujicic–Calasan power electronic converters for switched reluctance generator (SRG) operation in continuous conduction mode (CCM) is performed. The output SRG drive characteristics and converter complexity are chosen as criteria for comparative evaluation. It is shown that the optimal control of Vujicic–Calasan converters enables obtaining the same power as the optimal control of classic converter in CCM as well as optimal control of Derishzadeh converter. However, the Vujicic–Calasan converters are simpler and can be easily controlled since it does not contain switch components and does not require position sensor information. The additional experimental results, which confirm effectiveness of SRG operation with Vujicic–Calasan converters, are also presented.
Static coupling effect of a two‐degree‐of‐freedom direct drive induction motor
Authors: Si Jikai , Xie Lujia , Xu Xiaozhuo , Zhu Yifeng , Cao Wenping
Published: January 2017

Two‐degree‐of‐freedom motors are capable of producing linear, rotary, and helical motion, and thus have widespread applications in special industries. In this study, a new concept – static coupling effect – is studied in the two‐degree‐of‐freedom direct‐drive induction motor (2DoFDDIM). The proposed approach is based on the image method and the three‐dimensional (3D) finite‐element method. The image method model is established to analyse its reasons and predict the main effects, which are then verified by the proposed 3D finite‐element static coupling model and experiments. The induced voltages and currents are produced in the static part and induced torque or force is obtained, even though the static part is not energised. It is concluded that the static coupling effect increases with the supply frequency and is influenced by the stator winding configuration. Thus, the existence of the static coupling effect is confirmed, which must be taken into account in future optimisation and precise control of the 2DoFDDIM.
A fast iron loss calculation model for switched reluctance motors
Authors: Chen Lei , Chen Hao , Yan Wenju
Published: January 2017

A fast method to calculate the iron loss of switched reluctance motor (SRM) is proposed. The key of the method is that the flux density waveforms in different parts of the motor can be obtained quickly. First, the static flux density data varying with phase current and rotor position in various parts of SRM are obtained by finite element method (FEM). Then, the static flux density data are stored in 2D look‐up tables in Matlab/Simulink to get the flux density waveforms by look‐up table method, and the obtained flux density waveforms are verified by FEM results. Since the flux waveforms are non‐sinusoidal and non‐linear, an accurate and fast model for the iron loss prediction is presented, and different modified factors are applied to calculate the hysteresis loss according to the classification of flux density waveforms. Based on that, the calculation model is established in Matlab/Simulink, and iron losses of a three‐phase 6/4 structure SRM under different turn‐on and turn‐off angles and load conditions are calculated and analysed. Finally, measured results are presented to verify the precision of the calculation model.
Gauss–Newton‐based fast and simple recursive algorithm for compensation using shunt active power filter
Authors: Chittora Prakash , Singh Alka , Singh Madhusudan
Published: January 2017

Three‐phase, four‐wire systems are prone to various power quality (PQ) problems such as load unbalancing, low power factor, harmonics and problem of neutral current. Modified recursive Gauss–Newton (MRGN) algorithm is proposed to mitigate various PQ problems in four‐wire distribution systems. The recursive Gauss–Newton method is quite complex, so it is modified to obtain simple and fast MRGN control technique. The proposed algorithm is developed using MATLAB/Simulink environment and tested for mitigation of various PQ problems. Thereafter, a hardware prototype for shunt active power filter (SAPF) is developed along with various sensors, control circuits using dspace 1104 as digital signal processor. Gating circuits provide proper gating pulses to control SAPF as per the new algorithm. Results with linear and non‐linear loads have been tested under a variety of loading conditions and thoroughly analysed for its performance.
Real‐time electromagnetic transient and transient stability co‐simulation based on hybrid line modelling
Authors: Le‐Huy Philippe , Sybille Gilbert , Giroux Pierre , Loud Lester , Huang Jinan , Kamwa Innocent
Published: January 2017

This study presents a different approach to co‐simulation based on an electromagnetic transient and transient stability (TS) hybrid line model for real‐time (RT) hardware‐in‐the‐loop applications. In the presented co‐simulation scheme, instead of resorting to equivalent systems, the detailed and external systems are linked through a simple hybrid line model that accounts for wave propagation in both electromagnetic and TS simulation paradigms. After presenting and discussing the hybrid line model, the Hypersim RT co‐simulation platform is detailed and the impacts of the RT constraint on various aspects of co‐simulation software are explained. Two application cases are then presented: the first one to illustrate the validity of the presented approach and the second one to illustrate the performance of the RT co‐simulation platform. This study concludes by describing the remaining challenges for future work.
Optimal operation of hybrid power systems including renewable sources in the sugar cane industry
Authors: Menezes Morato Marcelo , da Costa Mendes Paulo Renato , Normey‐Rico Julio Elias , Bordons Carlos
Published: January 2017

This study presents a control structure, based on model predictive control, applied to energy management optimisation in a sugar cane processing plant including renewable sources. The proposed energy plant is set upon a sugar cane processing industry and has to produce and maintain an amount of electric power throughout the year, defined by contract. This plant is, also, bound to produce flows of steam in different pressures, to comply to the demands of the production process of ethanol and sugar, from the sugar cane. The renewable sources in the system include photovoltaic, wind power generation and the use of biomass, from the remains of the sugar cane. The proposed control algorithm has the task of performing the management of which energy system to use (combined heat and power generation systems, boilers or others), maximise the use of renewable energy sources, maximise the gains of the boilers (that vary according to the biomass mixture used), manage the use of energy storages and supply the defined amount of energy. Simulation results show the satisfactory operation of the proposed control structure.
Proportional‐resonant control applied on voltage regulation of standalone SEIG for micro‐hydro power generation
Authors: Tischer Celso Becker , Tibola Jonas Roberto , Scherer Lucas Giuliani , de Camargo Robinson Figueiredo
Published: January 2017

This study deals with the development of a proportional‐resonant (PR) control applied on voltage regulation and harmonics compensation of a standalone self‐excited induction generator (SEIG) for micro‐hydro power generation system. The generation system considers: (i) a three‐phase induction generator (IG) as SEIG, (ii) which is driven by an unregulated micro‐hydro turbine, (iii) a three‐phase three‐legs distribution static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) and (iv) linear and non‐linear loads connected to the AC bus. The voltage regulation is performed through the injection of reactive power to the AC bus through the DSTATCOM, providing excitation current to the IG. It is considered the employment of PR control techniques, which offers suitable voltage regulation through voltage harmonics compensation in the point of common coupling. Furthermore, frequency regulation is performed on the demand side by an electronic load control connected to the DC bus of the DSTATCOM. Experimental results were obtained to demonstrate the good performance of the voltage and frequency regulation, provided by the control system during transients of linear and non‐linear loads.
RFS‐based extended target multipath tracking algorithm
Authors: Shen Xinglin , Song Zhiyong , Fan Hongqi , Fu Qiang
Published: January 2017

The issue of extended target multipath tracking has been studied. Based on the geometry model on the sea surface, a novel extended target multipath tracking algorithm is proposed under the random finite sets (RFS) framework. In the algorithm, extended target probability hypothesis density (ET‐PHD) filter is used as a pre‐processor, and multipath Bernoulli filter (MPBF) is used as main processor. The outputs of the ET‐PHD filter are treated as pseudo‐measurements and fed into the MPBF. At last, probability of existence and target state are estimated from the outputs of MPBF. In contrast with the existing extended target filter and multipath filter, the proposed algorithm does not attempt to get the rigorous solution and avoids the high computational complexity. In order to get the solution of the algorithm, its particle filter implementation has been proposed. Results of simulation show that the proposed algorithm estimates target state accurately. Comparing with extended target Bernoulli filter, the proposed algorithm has good tracking performance at the presence of multipath effect.
Analysis, modelling and measurement of the effects of aluminium and polymer heatsinks on conducted electromagnetic compatibility in DC–DC converters
Authors: Grobler Inus , Gitau Michael Njoroge
Published: January 2017

Effects of polymer heatsink materials on electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise in converters have not been adequately investigated. Heatsinks provide a path to ground for the common‐mode (CM) noise. Selecting an appropriate heatsink material can therefore help reduce CM noise by increasing noise path impedance. The critical parameter is the heatsink‐to‐device capacitance and accurate models of the heatsink impedance need to be developed. This is necessary for results that are accurate enough to allow prequalification of a converter as would happen in an accredited environment. However, simplified CM and differential‐mode models of the step‐down DC–DC converter are adequate to predict the effects of the heatsink on the conducted noise. This study will demonstrate that compared to a solid aluminium material, using polymer material incorporating conductive fillers can greatly lower the device‐to‐heatsink capacitance, and still be adequate for heat dissipation in low power converters. This in turn reduces CM noise in the frequency band below 30 MHz. The measurement test setup is configured according to MIL‐STD‐461F standard. It consists of a wideband two‐port line impedance stabilising network (LISN), a properly grounded copper sheet, a suspended feed‐line from the LISN to the device under test and an oscilloscope recording the data.
Iterative observer-based state and parameter estimation for linear systems
Authors: Aalto Atte
Published: January 2017

We propose an iterative method for joint state and parameter estimation using measurements on a time interval [0, T] for systems that are backward output stabilizable. Since this time interval is fixed, errors in initial state may have a big impact on the parameter estimate. We propose to use the back and forth nudging (BFN) method for estimating the system’s initial state and a Gauss–Newton step between BFN iterations for estimating the system parameters. Taking advantage of results on the optimality of the BFN method, we show that for systems with skew-adjoint generators, the initial state and parameter estimate minimizing an output error cost functional is an attractive fixed point for the proposed method. We treat both linear source estimation and bilinear parameter estimation problems.
Primary Spinal Epidural Lymphoma As a Cause of Spontaneous Spinal Anterior Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Córdoba-Mosqueda M. , Guerra-Mora J. , Sánchez-Silva M. , Vicuña-González R. , Torre A.
Published: January 2017

Background Primary spinal epidural lymphoma (PSEL) is one of the rarest categories of tumors. Spinal cord compression is an uncommon primary manifestation and requires to be treated with surgery for the purpose of diagnosis and decompression.

Case Presentation A 45-year-old man presented with a new onset thoracic pain and progress to an anterior spinal syndrome with hypoesthesia and loss of thermalgesia. Magnetic resonance image showed a paravertebral mass that produces medullary compression at T3. The patient was taken up to surgery, where the pathology examination showed a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Conclusions PSEL is a pathological entity, which must be considered on a middle-aged man who began with radicular compression, and the treatment of choice is decompression and biopsy. The specific management has not been established yet, but the literature suggests chemotherapy and radiotherapy; however, the outcome is unclear.
Comparative Neurologic Outcomes of Salvage and Definitive Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Glomus Jugulare: A 20-Year Experience
Authors: Venable Garrett , VanderWalde Noam , Michael L. , Sorenson Jeffery , Robertson Jon , Cunninghan David , Ballo Matthew , Wakefield Daniel
Published: January 2017

Objective This case series investigates management of glomus jugulare (GJ) tumors utilizing definitive and salvage Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GKSRS).

Methods A retrospective chart review was performed to collect data. Statistical analysis included patient, tumor, and treatment information.

Results From 1996 to 2013, 17 patients with GJ received GKSRS. Median age was 64 years (range, 27–76). GKSRS was delivered for definitive treatment in eight (47%) and salvage in nine (53%) patients. Median tumor volume was 9.8 cm3 (range, 2.8–42 cm3). Median dose was 15 Gy (range, 13–18 Gy). Median follow-up was 123 months (range, 38–238 months). Tumor size decreased in 10 (59%), stabilized in 6 (35%), and increased in 1 patient (6%). Overall neurological deficit improved in 53%, stabilized in 41%, and worsened in 6% of patients. Overall cause-specific survival was 100%, and actuarial local control was 94%. Eighty-eight percent of patients without prior resection experienced neurologic deficit improvement, while 25% of patients with prior resection experienced neurologic improvement (p = 0.02).

Conclusion Gamma Knife radiosurgery provides effective long-term control of GJ and overall improvement or stabilization of neurological deficit in most patients. Patients with prior resection are less likely to experience improvement of neurologic deficit.
Amnionmembransuspension und autologes Serum – spielt der Inhalt eine Rolle für die Wundheilung?
Authors: Stachon T. , Wu M.-F. , Bischoff M. , Huber M. , Langenbucher A. , Seitz B. , Szentmáry N.
Published: January 2017

Autologes Serum (AS) und Amnionmembrantransplantate (AMT) werden für eine Vielzahl von Oberflächenerkrankungen des Auges eingesetzt. Die Amnionmembrantransplantation ist immer mit einem operativen Eingriff verbunden. Für die Patienten wäre es von Vorteil, wenn durch die Applikation von Augentropfen, die aus Amniongewebehomogenat (AMH) oder Amnionmembransuspension (AMS) gewonnen würden, eine Operation vermieden werden könnte. In einer früheren Studie haben wir nachgewiesen, dass Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Fibroblast Growth Factor basic (bFGF), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) und IL-8 in AMS freigesetzt wird. Die EGF- und bFGF-Konzentrationen in den AMS lagen jedoch im Durchschnitt um das 1,7–17-Fache niedriger als in den AMH, und in den AMH konnte im Vergleich zur AMS kein IL-6 und IL-8 nachgewiesen werden. 100 % AMS, 15 und 30 % AMH verlangsamten die Proliferation humaner Epithelzellen im Vergleich zur Kontrolle (p = <0,002 für alle), während 15 und 30 % AMS keinen Einfluss auf die Proliferation hatten. Im Vergleich zu den Kontrollen wurde die Migrationsrate unter Verwendung von 15 und 30 % AMS gesteigert (p < 0,001), zeigte aber keinen Unterschied bei einem Einsatz von 15 und 30 % AMH (p = 0,153 und p = 0,083). Die Proliferationsrate wurde durch den Einsatz von 15 % humanem Serum gegenüber 30 % humanem Serum gesteigert (p < 0,001). Humane korneale Epithelzelllinien (HCECs) migrierten schneller mit einer humanen Serumkonzentration von 30 % im Vergleich zu 5 % humanem Serum (p < 0,01). Zusammengefasst zeigten der Einsatz von 15 und 30 % AMS sowie der Einsatz von 15 und 30 % AS die vorteilhafteste Wirkung auf humane Epithelzellen. Jedoch muss bei der Gabe von AS- und AMS-Augentropfen bedacht werden, dass die individuelle Konzentration der Wachstumsfaktoren einer großen Schwankungsbreite unterliegt.
Could a structurally controlled, hydrothermal dolomite play be operative in Cambro-Ordovician carbonates of the southern Georgina Basin, Queensland?
Authors: Willink Robbert J. , Bucknill Mike J. , Palmer Nathan C.
Published: January 2017

Hydrothermal dolomitisation of carbonates can create zones of favourable porosity and permeability in otherwise tight carbonate successions. In North America, a number of fields produce oil and gas from such reservoirs that developed along and adjacent to pre-existing fault zones acting as loci for hydrothermal fluid flow. Seismic data across these North American fields are characterised by linear zones of disturbance evident along fault zones where porosity development has occurred.
Similar zones of disturbance have been observed on newly acquired seismic over the Toko Syncline in Queensland. Here, these zones extend through a thick Cambro-Ordovician carbonate succession that includes platform carbonates of the Thorntonia Limestone, overlying deeper water deposits of the Arthur Creek Formation that are organic rich and hydrocarbon generative at their base, and also in younger shallow water carbonates of the Arrinthrunga, Ninmaroo, Kelly Creek and Coolibah formations. If these zones of disturbance on seismic also reflect the development of hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs, they provide a new exploration target in the southern Georgina Basin.
Determinants of Saltwater Anglers’ Satisfaction with Fisheries Management: Regional Perspectives in the United States
Authors: Brinson Ayeisha A. , Wallmo Kristy
Published: January 2017

Understanding saltwater angler preferences, motivations, and satisfaction levels can assist recreational fisheries managers in providing high-quality fishing experiences for their constituents. To better understand the relationship between anglers’ motivations, preferences, and satisfaction with fisheries management and any regional differences that may exist, the National Marine Fisheries Service implemented a mail survey using a large national sample of saltwater recreational anglers. The survey collected information about recreational fisheries management, fishing trip characteristics, fishing motivations, aSnd demographic variables. Binary logit models estimated for six regions—Alaska, West Coast, Gulf of Mexico, South Atlantic, Mid-Atlantic, and New England—show that several variables, including trip characteristics, fishing motivations, avidity, demographic variables, and angler preferences for specific types of management strategies, are significant determinants of satisfaction with the fisheries management process and outcomes; however, these findings vary considerably among regions. Results also show variation in overall satisfaction levels, with anglers in the South Atlantic being generally more satisfied with both the management process and management outcomes and anglers on the West Coast being generally less satisfied with both the management process and management outcomes than anglers in other regions. Results can help inform federal fisheries management on the types of management strategies and outcomes anglers prefer and in developing or improving communication and outreach efforts, particularly in regions where angler satisfaction is comparatively low.

Received November 5, 2015; accepted August 24, 2016Published online January 23, 2017
Monitoring of adsorption behaviors of bovine serum albumin onto a stainless steel surface by the quartz crystal microbalance based on admittance analysis
Authors: Hagiwara Tomoaki , Nattawut Phosri , Shibata Mario , Sakiyama Takaharu
Published: January 2017

The adsorption process of bovine serum albumin (BSA) onto a stainless steel surface was investigated using the quartz crystal microbalance based on admittance analysis. The adhered mass change ∆m increased with time as a result of contacting the BSA solution, and considerably long period (>2 h) was required for the attainment of the asymptotic values of ∆m as well as dissipation factor ∆D. The relation between ΔD and Δm suggested that the layer of adsorbed BSA molecules became stiffer with increasing time at higher BSA concentration. The relation between Δm after 2 h and the final BSA concentration was described well by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. However, the time course of Δm clearly deviated from the Langmuir adsorption model. The stretched exponential function model described the time course of Δm well although it was an empirical one.
A Dictionary of Environment and Conservation
Authors: Park Chris , Allaby Michael
Published: January 2017

Over 10,000 entries

A Dictionary of Environment and Conservation provides entries on scientific and social aspects of the environment—its key thinkers, treaties, movements, organizations, concepts, and theories. Covering subjects such as sustainable development, biodiversity, and environmental ethics, this is the ideal reference for students of environment and conservation, as well as for professionals in the field.
Quality of life following coronary artery bypass graft surgery vs. percutaneous coronary intervention in diabetics with multivessel disease: a five-year registry study
Authors: McGrath Brent M. , Norris Colleen M. , Hardwicke-Brown Emeleigh , Welsh Robert C. , Bainey Kevin R.
Published: January 2017

Aims

The aim of this study is to investigate the long-term relationship between revascularization technique and health status in diabetics with multivessel disease.

Methods and results

Using the Alberta Provincial Project for Outcomes Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease (APPROACH) registry, we captured 1319 diabetics with multivessel disease requiring revascularization for an acute coronary syndrome (January 2009–December 2012) and reported health status using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) at baseline, 1, 3 and 5-years [599 underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG); 720 underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)]. Adjusted analyses were performed using a propensity score-matching technique. After adjustment (including baseline SAQ domain scores), 1-year mean (95% CI) SAQ scores (range 0–100 with higher scores reflecting improved health status) were significantly greater in selected domains for CABG compared to PCI (exertional capacity: 81.7 [79.5–84.0] vs. 78.8 [76.5–81.0], P = 0.07; angina stability: 83.1 [80.4–85.9] vs. 75.0 [72.3–77.8], P < 0.001]; angina frequency 93.2 [91.6–95.0] vs. 90.0 [87.8–91.3], P = 0.003; treatment satisfaction: 93.6 [92.2–94.9] vs. 90.8 [89.2–92.0], P = 0.003; quality of life [QOL]: 83.8 [81.7–85.8] vs. 77.2 [75.2–79.2] P < 0.001). At 3-years, these benefits were attenuated (exertional capacity: 79.3 [76.9–81.7] vs. 78.7 [76.3–81.1], P = 0.734; angina stability 79.3 [76.3–82.3] vs. 75.5 [72.5–78.5], P = 0.080; angina frequency: 93.2 [91.3–95.1] vs. 90.9 [89.0–92.8], P = 0.095; treatment satisfaction: 92.5 [91.0–94.0] vs. 91.5 [90.0–93.0] P = 0.382; QOL: 83.2 [81.1–85.2] vs. 80.3 [78.2–82.4], P = 0.057). At 5-years, majority of domains were similar (exertional capacity: 77.8 [75.0–80.6] vs. 76.3 [73.2–79.3], P = 0.482; angina stability: 78.0 [74.8–81.2] vs. 74.8 [71.4–78.2], P = 0.175; angina frequency: 94.2 [92.3–96.0] vs. 90.9 [89.0–92.9], P = 0.018; treatment satisfaction: 93.7 [92.2–95.1] vs. 92.2 [90.6–93.7], P = 0.167; QOL: 84.1 [82.0–86.3] vs. 81.1 [78.8–83.4], P = 0.058). Majority in both groups remained angina-free at 5-years (75.0% vs. 70.3%, P = 0.15).

Conclusion

Improvements in health status with CABG compared with PCI were not sustained long-term. This temporal sequence should be considered when contemplating a revascularization strategy in diabetics with multivessel disease.
Ralstonia solanacearum Differentially Colonizes Roots of Resistant and Susceptible Tomato Plants
Authors: Caldwell Denise , Kim Bong-Suk , Iyer-Pascuzzi Anjali S.
Published: January 2017

Ralstonia solanacearum is the causal agent of bacterial wilt and infects over 200 plant species in 50 families. The soilborne bacterium is lethal to many solanaceous species, including tomato. Although resistant plants can carry high pathogen loads (between 105 and 108 CFU/g fresh weight), the disease is best controlled by the use of resistant cultivars, particularly resistant rootstocks. How these plants have latent infections yet maintain resistance is not clear. R. solanacearum first infects the plant through the root system and, thus, early root colonization events may be key to understanding resistance. We hypothesized that the distribution and timing of bacterial invasion differed in roots of resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars. Here, we use a combination of scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy to investigate R. solanacearum colonization in roots of soil-grown resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars at multiple time points after inoculation. Our results show that colonization of the root vascular cylinder is delayed in resistant ‘Hawaii7996’ and that, once bacteria enter the root vascular tissues, colonization in the vasculature is spatially restricted. Our data suggest that resistance is due, in part, to the ability of the resistant cultivar to restrict bacterial root colonization in space and time.
Two Suturing Techniques for the Prevention and Treatment of Nasal Valve Collapse After Mohs Micrographic Surgery
Authors: Miladi Anis , McGowan Joseph W. , Donnelly Heidi B.
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

Tumor extirpation of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) adjacent to the alar groove, using Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), may risk causing internal nasal valve (INV) collapse, resulting in reduced airflow during inspiration. There are many surgical options described in the literature to repair INV collapse as a postoperative corrective procedure, but few exist as an intra-operative preventative procedure.

OBJECTIVE

The authors present 2 distinct methods to prevent and treat INV collapse during the repair of a perialar surgical defect caused by MMS.

METHODS

A 3-point stitch method or a modified suspension suture technique was used to prevent INV collapse during the repair of MMS defects overlying the alar groove, for nonmelanoma skin cancers. The 3-point stitch was used with a complex repair. The modified suspension suture was used with flap reconstruction.

RESULTS

The 3-point stitch and the modified suspension suture are simple, single-stage surgical solutions for perialar defects with collapse of the INV caused by loss of subcutaneous tissue during MMS. Once executed, patients experienced immediate subjective airflow improvement which was also supported by clinical examination. Patients were followed at 1 week and at 3 months postoperatively. Thirty-four of 35 patients reported good functional and cosmetic results and were satisfied with the final outcome.

CONCLUSION

The 3-point stitch and the modified suspension suture techniques are easy and simple methods that can be incorporated into reconstruction after MMS for defects of variable depth covering any multisubunit perialar region to prevent or correct INV collapse.
Treatment of Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation With a Combination of Glycolic Acid Peels and a Topical Regimen in Dark-Skinned Patients: A Comparative Study
Authors: Sarkar Rashmi , Parmar Nisha V. , Kapoor Sheilly
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

Facial postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is challenging to manage in patients with skin of color because of the risk of subsequent treatment-related hyperpigmentation.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of combining glycolic acid (GA) peels with a modified Kligman formula (MKF) containing hydroquinone 2%, tretinoin 0.05%, and hydrocortisone 1% for the treatment of facial PIH in Indian patients.

METHODS

Thirty Indian patients (Fitzpatrick skin Types III–V) with facial PIH were randomly assigned to 2 groups of 15 each. One group received serial GA peels combined with an intervening topical regimen containing MKF. The other group received MKF alone. Results were evaluated by a clinical investigator at baseline and at the end of 21 weeks (3 weeks after treatment completion) using an objective scoring system, the Hyperpigmentation Area and Severity Index (HASI) score, and clinical photography.

RESULTS

The baseline mean HASI scores of the 2 groups were comparable. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean HASI score of the peels group compared with the MKF alone group at 12 weeks (p= .004) and 21 weeks (p< .001). Side effects were observed in both groups and were managed with liberal application of emollients. No patient dropped out of the study as a result of the side effects.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrates that serial GA peels in combination with a MKF are efficacious and safe in the treatment of facial PIH in dark-skinned patients.
Subchronic anesthetic ketamine injections in rats impair choice reversal learning, but have no effect on reinforcer devaluation
Authors: Pickens Charles L. , Aurand Lexia , Hunt Joshua , Fisher Hayley
Published: January 2017

Previous exposure to a variety of drugs of abuse has been shown to cause long-term impairments in reversal learning and reinforcer devaluation tasks. However, there is mixed evidence in the literature for a long-term effect of ketamine exposure on reversal learning and the long-term effect of ketamine exposure on devaluation is not known. We determined whether repeated injections of an anesthetic dose of ketamine would lead to impairments in choice reversal learning after discrimination learning or impairments in reinforcer devaluation. In two experiments, rats received three injections once-daily of ketamine (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or saline and then began behavioral training 19 days later so that the key reversal learning and devaluation tests would occur about 1 month after the final ketamine injection. This ketamine exposure regimen did not impair learning in our discrimination task, but led to an increase in perseverative errors in reversal learning. However, the same ketamine exposure regimen (or injections of a lower 50 mg/kg dose) had no effect on behavior in the devaluation task. The behavioral patterns observed suggest possible neural mechanisms for the effects of ketamine, but future neurobiological investigations will be needed to isolate these mechanisms.
Enhanced Identification of Group B Streptococcus and Escherichia Coli in Young Infants with Meningitis Using the Biofire Filmarray Meningitis/Encephalitis Panel
Authors: Arora Harbir Singh , Asmar Basim I. , Salimnia Hossein , Agarwal Prashant , Chawla Sanjay , Abdel-Haq Nahed
Published: January 2017

FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis (ME) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panel was tested on 62 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from young infants (0–3 months) with suspected meningitis and compared with CSF cultures. Twelve CSF samples from 9 infants were positive by ME PCR panel (10 Group B Streptococcus (GBS) and 2 Escherichia coli) of which only 5 were positive by culture. The 7 CSF samples that were positive only by ME PCR panel were obtained from infants who had received prior antibiotic treatment. The ME PCR panel can be a useful tool in the rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in pretreated young infants.
Internet-Delivered Self-management Support for Improving Coronary Heart Disease and Self-management–Related Outcomes
Authors: Palacios Jorge , Lee Geraldine A. , Duaso Maria , Clifton Abigail , Norman Ian J. , Richards Derek , Barley Elizabeth Alexandra
Published: January 2017

Introduction:

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, including mental health comorbidity, which is associated with poor outcomes. Self-management is key, but there is limited access to self-management support. Internet-delivered interventions may increase access.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to (1) determine the effectiveness of Internet-delivered CHD self-management support for improving CHD, mood, and self-management related outcomes and (2) identify and describe essential components for effectiveness.

Method:

Randomized controlled trials that met prespecified eligibility criteria were identified using a systematic search of 3 healthcare databases (Medline, PsychINFO, and Embase).

Results:

Seven trials, which included 1321 CHD patients, were eligible for inclusion. There was considerable heterogeneity between studies in terms of the intervention content, outcomes measured, and study quality. All 7 of the studies reported significant positive between-group effects, in particular for lifestyle-related outcomes. Personalization of interventions and provision of support to promote engagement may be associated with improved outcomes, although more data are required to confirm this. The theoretical basis of interventions was poorly developed though evidence-based behavior change interventions were used.

Conclusion:

More well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed. These should also explore how interventions work and how to improve participant retention and satisfaction and examine the role of personalization and support within interventions.
Home-based drainage of refractory ascites by a permanent-tunneled peritoneal catheter can safely replace large-volume paracentesis
Authors: Solbach Philipp , Höner zu Siederdissen Christoph , Taubert Richard , Ziegert Szilvia , Port Kerstin , Schneider Andrea , Hueper Katja , Manns Michael P. , Wedemeyer Heiner , Jaeckel Elmar
Published: January 2017

Background and aim

Refractory ascites has a poor prognosis. Recurrent large-volume paracentesis is the current standard of care; however, it results in circulatory dysfunction and renal dysfunction, and hospitalization is commonly required. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement is not an option in a substantial number of patients because of contraindications. The placement of a tunneled peritoneal drainage catheter has been shown to be effective in patients with malignant ascites. However, data in patients with nonmalignant refractory ascites are rare.

Patients and methods

We followed 24 consecutive patients in whom tunneled peritoneal drainage catheters were placed in the Endoscopy Unit at Hannover Medical School between June 2013 and December 2014.

Results

Catheters were placed in 24 patients with refractory ascites in end-stage liver disease and with a contraindication to transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement. Placement was technically successful in all patients. The dosage of diuretics could be reduced significantly. The number of paracentesis decreased from 2.2±1 to 0 per week, although the volume of daily ascites removal remained stable (2 l). Despite frequent drainage of ascites, kidney function, serum sodium, and serum albumin remained stable. Seven adverse events occurred in six (25%) patients. Five patients listed for liver transplantation underwent successful transplantation without a negative impact.

Conclusion

The tunneled peritoneal drainage catheter placement is a viable and effective treatment alternative in patients with refractory ascites because of end-stage liver disease, reducing diuretic intake and the need for paracentesis. The procedure avoids hyponatremia, worsening kidney function, and albumin infusions without an increased risk of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
Two-dimensional shear-wave elastography: a new method comparable to acoustic radiation force impulse imaging?
Authors: Schellhaas Barbara , Strobel Deike , Wildner Dane , Goertz Ruediger S. , Neurath Markus F. , Pfeifer Lukas
Published: January 2017

Objectives

Two-dimensional shear-wave elastography (2D-SWE) is an ultrasound-based technique for the noninvasive assessment of tissue stiffness. In contrast to the well-established point-shear-wave elastography (pSWE) method acoustic radiation force impulse imaging, there is little evidence on the performance and usefulness of 2D-SWE in the assessment of liver stiffness. Thus, the aim of our study was to compare 2D-SWE versus pSWE.

Materials and methods

2D-SWE and pSWE were performed in 20 cirrhotic patients, 20 healthy individuals and an elasticity phantom. Stiffness values, examination time and number of measurements were compared. For 2D-SWE, the influence of size of the region of interest (ROI) was assessed.

Results

Elastography values in healthy individuals were slightly higher for 2D-SWE versus pSWE (1.4 m/s, range: 1.21–1.68 vs. 1.23 m/s, range: 1.07–1.39). In cirrhotic patients, there were no significant differences (3.06 m/s, range: 1.83–5.35 vs. 3 m/s, range: 1.67–4.37 m/s). Examination times were significantly longer for 2D-SWE in both patient groups (mean values for healthy/cirrhotic patients: 129.6/157.1 vs. 75/71.6 s). For 2D-SWE, variation of ROI size (5, 10, 20 mm) produced comparable results. After eight measurements, 90% of cirrhotic patients showed less than 5% of deviation from the results after the gold standard of 10 measurements; for healthy individuals, this was observed after six measurements.

Conclusion

2D-SWE seems to be comparable to pSWE (acoustic radiation force impulse-imaging) in cirrhotic patients, with slightly higher values in healthy individuals. 2D-SWE measurements require considerably more time. For 2D-SWE, ROI size seems to be of minor importance; multiple measurements should be obtained as single measurements differ. These preliminary results should be confirmed in larger patient collectives with histology as the reference standard.