bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Погляди щодо організації національного спротиву з урахуванням вимог Закону України “Про основи національного спротиву”
Authors: Попельський M.
Published: May 2022

Аналіз локальних війн і збройних конфліктів останнього десятиріччя свідчить про те, що поряд з безпосереднім застосуванням сил військової організації, держави активно проводять комплексне застосування за єдиним замислом і планом сил спеціальних операцій, формувань збройної опозиції та інших незаконно утворених антидержавних озброєних формувань. Зважаючи на нестабільну і недоброзичливу зовнішньополітичну, економічну, соціальну, інформаційну обстановку навколо України виникає об’єктивна потреба подальшого удосконалення організаційно-штатної структури частин (підрозділів) територіальної оборони, пошуку ефективних методів їх застосування, враховуючи обстановку, яка склалася на сьогодні, удосконалення заходів щодо планування і ведення територіальної оборони.

З набранням чинності та подальшим введенням в дію Закону України “Про основи національного спротиву” виникають питання щодо внесення змін до законодавчих актів, опрацювання положень про Командування Сил територіальної оборони, регіональні органи військового управління Сил територіальної оборони. Потребує визначення: роль Сил територіальної оборони Збройних Сил України в загальній системі оборони України, склад та організаційно-штатна структура військових частин територіальної оборони, питання всебічного забезпечення, порядок виконання завдань територіальної оборони у взаємодії з іншими складовими Сил безпеки та сил оборони держави.

Пропозиції, які надані у статі, можуть бути використані органами: військового управління, державної влади та місцевого самоврядування.
Optimal Number and Location of Sensors for Structural Damage Detection using the Theory of Geometrical Viewpoint and Parameter Subset Selection Method
Authors: Beygzadeh Sahar , Torkzadeh Peyman , Salajegheh Eysa
Published: May 2022

The recorded responses at predefined sensor placements are used as input to solve an inverse structural damage detection problem. The error rate that noise causes from the recorded responses of the sensors is a significant issue in damage detection methods. Therefore, an optimal number and location of sensors is a goal to achieve the lowest error rate in structural damage detection. To overcome this problem, an algorithm (GVPSS) based on a Geometrical Viewpoint (GV) of optimal sensor placement and Parameter Subset Selection (PSS) method is proposed. The goal of the GVPSS algorithm is to minimize the effect of noise on damage detection problem. Therefore, the fitness function based on error in damage detection is minimized by GVPSS. In this method, the degrees of freedom are arranged to place sensors using a fitness function based on GV theory. Then, the optimal number and location of sensors are found on these arranged the degrees of freedom using the objective function. The efficiency of the proposed method is studied in a 52-bar dome structure under static and dynamic loadings. In the examples, damages are detected in two states: 1) using responses recorded at all DOFs, 2) using responses recorded at the optimal number and location of sensors obtained by GVPSS. The results showed that the damage detection error in state 2 is approximately equal to the error in state 1. Therefore, the GVPSS have the high performance to find the optimal number and location of sensors for structural damage detection.
Efficacy of SPECT Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI) in Combination with Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) Score for the Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Authors: Amin Dilruba , Ferdousi Begum Shamim Momtaz , Mutsuddy Pupree , Mandal Tapati , Majumder Sanhita , Nath Khokon Kumar , Islam Md Saiful
Published: May 2022

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh. The coronary artery calcium (CAC) score is a readily and widely available tool for noninvasive diagnosis of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD).
Aims: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of combined CAC score with Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI) for the diagnosis of CAD.
Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the National Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (NINMAS) during July 2017 to June 2018. A total of 33 participants with known or suspected cases of CAD were included in this study who underwent SPECT MPI and CAC imaging. Statistical analyses of the results were obtained by using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-22).
Results: Nearly half (48.5 %) of the participants belonged to age 51-60 years. Was male predominant in this study, 93.9% and 6.1% ware female. Regarding MPI 69.7% participants had severely abnormal perfusion and 21.2% had normal perfusion. According to CAC score 33.3% participants had moderate calcification in coronary artery. Significant CAD was found in 81.82% participants in Coronary Angiogram (CAG) study. Combined SPECT MPI and CAC score diagnosed significant CAD in 90.9% patents. The performance test of CAC score showed 96.3% sensitivity, 33.3% specificity, 84.8%accuracy, 86.7% positive predictive value (PPV) and 66.7% negative predictive value (NPV) for diagnosis of significant CAD. The performance test of SPECT MPI has sensitivity of 85.2%, specificity 50%, accuracy 78.8% and PPV 88.5% and NPV 42.8%. The performance test of combined SPECT MPI and CAC score, has 96.3% sensitivity, 50% specificity, 87.8% accuracy, 89.6% PPV and NPV 75%. CAC score with a cut off value of 12.5 had best combination of sensitivity 93.9% and specificity 50% for identifying the CAD missed by SPECT MPI.
Conclusion: The CAC score may offer incremental diagnostic information over SPECT MPI for identifying patients with significant CAD and negative MPI results.
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 23(1&2): 21-28, 2020
Dual Ectopic Thyroid: A Case Report in a 12 years old girl
Authors: Islam Md Nazmul , Naznin Afroza , Salekin Mohammad Simoon , Sharmin Samira , Hossain Jamiul , Khadija Begum , Rahman Hosne Ara
Published: May 2022

Ectopic thyroid gland is uncommon in our routine clinical practice and among them dual ectopic thyroid appears to be rarer. We report an unusual case of two different locations of ectopic thyroid tissues in the lingual and left submandibular regions of a 12 years old girl who presented with painless, nodular left upper neck swelling. Provisionally, the patient was diagnosed by high resolution ultrasound (HRUS) of neck and confirmed by radionuclide thyroid scan. Thyroid scintigraphy with 99mTc-pertechnetate is highly sensitive but minimally invasive procedure to detect and image the ectopic thyroid tissue with fairly good specificity and negligible radiation exposure.
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 23(1&2): 67-69, 2020
Rescuing popular knowledge and using unconventional food plants as a possibility of nutritional security
Authors: Barbosa Tadeu Patêlo , Lins Jadson Adyel Santos , Valente Ellen Carine Neves , Lima André Suêldo Tavares de
Published: May 2022

Unconventional food plants (UFP) are those with limited distribution, restricted to certain locations, with great participation in the nutrition and culture of traditional populations. UFP are among the sources of food that develop in natural environments without the need for inputs and deforestation of new areas, but although available at low cost, they are still unknown and underutilized by a significant portion of the population. The present study aimed to analyze the dynamics of eating habits and survey UFP in agrarian reform settlements in the municipality of Maragogi, state of Alagoas. To collect information on the use of UFP, questionnaires were applied and data were tabulated in electronic spreadsheet and transformed into tables. In settlements evaluated, between twelve and fourteen different UFP were identified in the social context of these communities. There are several UFP options that could be marketed by the population, thus contributing to increase family income.
Educação permanente em farmácias ambulatoriais e comunitárias: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Bertolin Isabella Candian , Cordeiro Benedito Carlos
Published: May 2022

Na cadeia do medicamento, o farmacêutico e os atendentes de farmácia são o último contato do serviço de saúde com o usuário. Compete a esses profissionais a responsabilidade da entrega do medicamento e orientação quanto ao tratamento. Por isso, é essencial que haja uma capacitação adequada e educação permanente para os profissionais do setor.  A educação permanente em saúde é construída a partir dos problemas diários vistos coletivamente e de ações educativas que buscam alternativas e soluções para a transformação das práticas em saúde. O objetivo da pesquisa foi verificar a implementação e necessidade da educação permanente em saúde em farmácias ambulatoriais e comunitárias por meio de artigos publicados recentemente na literatura. Para isso, foi utilizado o método de revisão integrativa da literatura por meio das bases de dados Medline, Lilacs e Scielo. Foram encontrados 991 artigos e selecionadas 13 produções científicas para leitura completa e síntese, após aplicação dos critérios de exclusão. A literatura não aborda especificamente a necessidade da educação permanente em farmácias comunitárias tanto para farmacêuticos quanto para outros profissionais de farmácia como técnicos ou balconistas. A maioria dos estudos avalia os resultados da educação continuada para farmacêuticos.  Embora os conceitos de educação permanente e educação continuada se confundam, fica clara a necessidade da educação permanente e importância no ambiente das farmácias. A educação aumenta o conhecimento dos profissionais e gera maior confiança tanto para o trabalhador quanto para o paciente, aumentando a qualidade do atendimento e da dispensação de medicamentos.
A comunicação de atletas de bocha paralímpica com paralisia cerebral por meio do uso da visão computacional no Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Ciesielski Junior Darlan França , Scorsato Anderson Paulo , Rocha Adair José Pereira da , Romano Giovana , Oliveira Valdomiro de , Bim Silvia Amélia , Stadnik Adriana Maria Wan
Published: May 2022

A Bocha Paralímpica (BP) esporte que atende pessoas com deficiência física severa, entre elas pessoas com paralisia cerebral (PC), cujo convívio social e a comunicação, podem ser falhos. Neste esporte, os atletas com dificuldades na comunicação podem produzir um desempenho esportivo menor, por não conseguirem transmitir suas necessidades de forma clara. Para aumentar as vias de comunicação no jogo, propõe-se o uso de um sistema computacional não invasivo. Avaliar o uso do PGCA por atletas com dificuldades de comunicação, durante tarefas do jogo, foi o objetivo deste estudo. A pesquisa, dividida em duas fases, contou com a participação de 27 atletas de BP. Na Fase 1, 25 atletas, responderam a um formulário on-line, com 69 frases utilizadas para a comunicação no jogo. Na Fase 2, cinco atletas, dentre os quais três também participaram da Fase 1, utilizou-se o sistema PGCA. Os dados mostraram que as frases mais frequentes são as de saudação e despedida e algumas frases de discussão relacionadas ao jogo. Na Fase 2, o sistema PGCA construiu uma imagem, considerando a velocidade do gesto e o segmento corporal utilizado para a sua execução que foi interpretada e pronunciada a frase correspondente. Na etapa final da pesquisa, a eficácia de 22% no reconhecimento do gesto, a eficiência de 12,80s para o reconhecimento dos gestos e a boa usabilidade para o contexto do estudo, favorecem indícios para uma participação ativa com maior autonomia destes atletas, fornecendo também novas experiências de acessibilidade a BP, ao ensino pedagógico e ao paradesporto escolar.
Walking through the crevices of the junctions of incompatibles
Authors: Guatelli Igor
Published: May 2022

Interstices are minority fields that, because of their opening, are capable of causing opacity in that which, apparently, presents itself with irreducible clarity. Resulting from an incomplete and maladjusted [at the least dual] marriage between the signs/entities that originate them, this interval may destabilize and cause disorder in these entities and their own meanings. The interstitials offer a hyphenated relationship: a simultaneous union and separation, a spacing between the entity’s identity and its otherness or, alterity. One and the other may no longer be seen without the crack or fissure that now separates them, uniting, by a space-time lapse. Ontological, semantic shifts are caused by this fissure, an absence between one and the other, one with and against the other. Based on an improbable approximation between some conceptual and semantic shifts within the design production of architect Rem Koolhaas and the textual production of the philosopher Jacques Derrida, this article questions the notion of unity, coherence, affinity, and complementarity in the process of construction of thought from these ontological, epistemological, and semiological fissures that rattle the signs/entities and their stable meanings. Fissures in a thought that is considered coherent, cohesive, formatted are the negativity that constitutes the interstices that allow us to move towards what still remains as non-identity, which allows us to begin another story.
Correlação entre a triagem neurológica e a atividade eletrofisiológica de tronco encefálico em crianças com microcefalia: Uma série de casos
Authors: Santos Beatriz Nayara Lopes dos , Diniz Luiz Fernando Lima , Taguchi Carlos Kazuo , Santos Thalia Niely dos , Santos Letícia Cardoso dos , Santos Fabíola Andrea Andrade dos , Araújo Brenda Carla Lima , Melo Melissa Gama de
Published: May 2022

Apesar da existência de pesquisas que abordem a audição de crianças com microcefalia decorrente do Zika Vírus, muito pouco se sabe sobre as manifestações e integração das habilidades auditivas e linguísticas. Objetivo: Analisar e comparar os achados do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico (PEATE), com os resultados da aplicação da Early Language Milestone Scale (ELM) em crianças acometidas pela microcefalia decorrente da infecção congênita pelo Zika Vírus. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, retrospectivo e do tipo de estudo de caso realizado a partir da análise de nove prontuários de crianças que estavam atendimento fonoaudiológico. Foram incluídos os prontuários que continham informações sobre o perímetro cefálico ao nascimento, resultados do PEATE e do ELM. Resultados: A análise do PEATE descartou a presença de alterações retrococleares, porém, apesar da integridade das vias auditivas encontrada, as habilidades linguísticas importantes para o desenvolvimento linguístico estiveram comprometidas, conforme os resultados do ELM. Conclusão: O desenvolvimento linguístico alterado das crianças acometidas com a microcefalia por Zika vírus não esteve associado ao desenvolvimento e maturação auditiva, o que pode indicar um possível comprometimento das estruturas corticais superiores ao tronco encefálico, não avaliadas pelo PEATE.
Alimentação e nutrição no período do climatério: revisão de literatura
Authors: Soares Clóvis , Souza Daniely Cristina , Santos Maysa Santos dos , Freitas Francisca Marta Nascimento de Oliveira , Ferreira José Carlos de Sales
Published: May 2022

Introdução: O climatério é um ciclo natural da vida que tem grande importância na vida da mulher, pois nesse período a mulher passa por diversas modificações físicas, biológicas psicológicas e sociais devido a diminuição progressiva de hormônios produzidos. Objetivo: Analisar a importância do potencial da alimentação no período do climatério para qualidade de vida da mulher. Metodologia: O presente estudo trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Resultados: O estudo dos padrões alimentares em mulheres na menopausa é importante porque este é um período relativamente longo da vida da mulher e a dieta adotada tem grande impacto na saúde pública. Desenvolver diretrizes e intervenções de educação nutricional destinadas a promover medidas para amenizar os problemas desse período. Conclusão: A atuação do nutricionista no cuidado à mulher está em consonância com outras pesquisas que os profissionais precisam repensar a prática de enfermagem, com outros profissionais de saúde esclarecendo a implementação de Medidas com foco na mulher no climatério, atender suas necessidades e orientá-los a levar uma vida ativa, saudável, produtiva, com bem-estar e qualidade.
Carta de áreas prioritárias à recuperação para a microbacia do córrego Curupaí, Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Souza Bruna Alves de , Ribeiro Vinícius de Oliveira , Correa Nelison Ferreira , Silva João Lucas Alves da , Diodato Jonailce Oliveira , Narcizo Lucimara Gonçalves
Published: May 2022

Dados que compõem a Equação Universal de Perdas de Solo (USLE), bem como a Temperatura de Superfície Terrestre (TST) são fatores qualiquantitativos fundamentais no uso e conservação do solo, e, em geral, analisados individualmente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificação de áreas prioritárias à recuperação na bacia hidrográfica do Córrego Curupaí/ MS. Para tanto, elaboraram-se cartas específicas referentes a cada fator componente da USLE, além da confecção da carta de Temperatura de Superfície Terrestre (TST), em ambiente SIG. Na sequência, as cartas de estimativa de perda anual de solo (Fator A) e de temperatura de superfície foram reclassificadas para obtenção da carta de áreas prioritárias para recuperação. Como resultado, a Carta de Índice de Áreas Prioritárias para Recuperação (IAP) apontou áreas de média e alta prioridades, que, isoladamente, as componentes de USLE e TST indicavam como de baixa prioridade. A integração dos fatores mencionados mostrou potencial para identificação de áreas ambientalmente sensíveis com análise de múltiplos parâmetros simultâneos.
Análise in silico do perfil farmacocinético e toxicológico do complexo tioglicolato de Zinco II [Zn(ATG)2(OH2)2]
Authors: Pinheiro Renata Batista dos Santos , Costa Júnior Anilton Coelho da , Téllez Zepeda Claudio Andrés , Santos Laurita dos , Pinto Liliane Pereira , Cabral Otávio Versiane , Soto Claudio Alberto Téllez
Published: May 2022

A presente pesquisa teve o objetivo de realizar uma análise farmacocinética e toxicológica in silico do complexo Tioglicolato de Zinco II [Zn(ATG)2(OH2)2]. Trata-se de um estudo teórico-experimental em que foi realizado a síntese do [Zn(ATG)2(OH2) 2] através do método gráfico utilizando  o híbrido RHF/MP2:STO-3G, espectroscopia de Infravermelho com  Transformada de Fourier e Raman (FT-IR, FT-Raman). Os cálculos computacionais utilizados para determinação do complexo foram realizados por meio dos softwares: HYPERCHEM, GAUSSIAN 03 e CHEMCRAFT 1.8. Para a análise farmacocinética e toxicológica, utilizou-se o servidor online PreADMET (2022), onde foi determinado as predições tendo como base a relação estrutura-atividade das moléculas. A análise farmacocinética do complexo [Zn(ATG)2(OH2)2] mostrou que o mesmo apresenta baixa absorção oral e na pele, na avaliação da toxidade o complexo apresentou perfil mutagênico e tem risco médio inibitório do gene hERG. Desta forma, pode-se afirmar que a avaliação preliminar in silico das propriedades farmacocinéticas e toxicológicas do complexo sugere possíveis limitações à distribuição do fármaco no organismo, sendo necessário mais estudos para utilização do [Zn(ATG)2(OH2)2] na produção de um novo medicamento.
A música caipira raiz como ferramenta de sensibilização e educação ambiental
Authors: Morais Isa Lucia de , Dias Alline , Lopes Eleuza Aparecida de Souza , Pires Débora de Jesus
Published: May 2022

A moda de viola caipira tornou-se um meio de registro cultural transmitindo aos ouvintes ensinamentos morais e éticos e pode ser usada como ferramenta para práticas educacionais. A música promove uma assimilação prazerosa no processo de aprendizagem, assim, a Educação Ambiental pelo seu caráter interdisciplinar pode utilizar a música sertaneja raiz para formar cidadão responsáveis do ponto de vista socioambiental. O presente trabalho objetivou sensibilizar alunos quanto às questões ambientais através das letras e música sertaneja raiz na Escola Municipal Quim Machado em Itumbiara, Goiás, Brasil. Foram selecionados 67 alunos, do 6º ao 9º ano os quais foram incentivados a interagir com a moda de viola por meia da produção de letras de músicas caipira com a temática ambiental. A maioria das composições foi feita em dupla ou trios, resultando em 27 paródias. A partir da sensibilização quanto às questões ambientais por meio da viola caipira, os alunos foram capazes de produzir letras de músicas retratando de forma poética as perturbações ambientais observadas no entorno deles. A preocupação com os recursos hídricos e o desmatamento foram os assuntos mais citados nas músicas, seguidos dos versos referentes à valorização e respeito à natureza. A produção das músicas permitiu uma atividade lúdica associando os saberes da Língua Portuguesa e Ciências com música, arte, cultura e ambiente, validando esta experiência como ferramenta produtiva para a Educação Ambiental.
Conceptual foundations of technology and technological teaching: concepts, conceptions, and teaching performance
Authors: Rosa Alcemir Horácio , Nascimento-e-Silva Daniel
Published: May 2022

The phenomena of technology and technological education have been constituted in recent years as a space for broad debate. However, the deficiency in approaching the conceptual foundations of these phenomena in educational environments and the training of professionals is notorious. The research met this demand. It sought to bring provocations on the conceptual foundations of technology and technological education. Authors such as Reydon, Neder, Bazzo, Saviani, and Vygotsky, among others who contributed to the definitions and conceptions on this topic, were called to the debate. The research goal was to reveal the conceptual foundations of technology and technological education phenomena. It could contribute to an adequate understanding of technology and technological education and, finally, the importance of this relationship for teaching. It was possible to establish a concept of its own for each of the phenomena to contribute to the academic world and future works. An alternative means a good understanding of the terms above. The methodology used was the scientific-technological one, which established the identification of the problem, the guiding question, the organization of data, the answers, and the proposition of alternatives. The work managed to reveal a basis for the conceptual foundations of the phenomena. It enabled an accurate understanding of technology and technology education. The research concluded that the two phenomena investigated are themes present in educational environments, but they need to be understood more carefully for a practical awareness of the existing reality.
Investigação de métodos laboratoriais no controle de qualidade dos hemocomponetes no centro de hemoterapia de uma região do nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Teles Weber de Santana , Silva Max Cruz da , Torres Ruth Cristini , Hora Aline Barreto , Santos Junior Paulo Celso Curvelo , Rodrigues Silvia Maria da Silva Sant'ana , Calasans Taíssa Alice Soledade , Barros Ângela Maria Melo Sá , Santos Lorena Xavier Conceição , Silva Maria Hozana Santos
Published: May 2022

O presente estudo tenciona avaliar o controle de qualidade dos componentes do sangue efetuado em um Centro de Hemoterapia de uma região do nordeste brasileiro. Métodos: A pesquisa foi realizada no laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de um Centro de Hemoterapia de uma região do nordeste brasileiro, no período de janeiro a dezembro 2020. Trata-se de uma análise retrospectiva dos relatórios mensais elaborados no laboratório de qualidade e apoio ao diagnóstico, obtidos a partir de análises de bolsas de concentrado de hemácias (CH), plaquetas (CP) e plasmas (CPF). Por meio do programa Microsoft Excel 2019 (16.0), de 24 de setembro de 2018) foi elaborado um banco de dados, no qual foram registradas informações específicas de cada tipo de concentrado. Resultados e discussão: Os hemocomponentes são frutos de processos físicos, tais como a concentração de hemácias, plasma fresco congelado, concentrado de plaquetas e crioprecipitado; já os hemoderivados, são feitos através da industrialização do plasma. Nesse sentido, é de extrema importância que haja uma observação e uma análise adequada da qualidade dos hemocomponentes, os quais serão usados na hemoterapia como procedimentos terapêuticos. Conclusão: Com esta pesquisa, pudemos observar que mesmo com toda a análise e controle da qualidade dos hemocomponentes, os órgãos competentes devem buscar agir com mais rigor e, neste sentido, focar na questão do aperfeiçoamento de novas técnicas é fundamental.
Gut-derived lipopolysaccharide promotes alcoholic hepatosteatosis and subsequent hepatocellular carcinoma by stimulating neutrophil extracellular traps through toll-like receptor 4
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang Xin , Chen Shuo , Wang Jiazhong , Yu Shuo , Li Yiming , Xu Meng , Aboubacar Harouna , Li Junhui , Shan Tao , Wang Jixin , Cao Gang
Published: May 2022

Background/Aims: Binge drinking leads to many disorders, including alcoholic hepatosteatosis, which is characterized by intrahepatic neutrophil infiltration and increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Molecular mechanisms may involve the migration of bacterial metabolites from the gut to the liver and the activation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).Methods: Serum samples from both binge drinking and alcohol-avoiding patients were analyzed. Mouse models of chronic plus binge alcohol-induced hepatosteatosis and HCC models were used.Results: A marker of NETs formation, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), was significantly higher in alcoholic hepatosteatosis and HCC patients and mice than in controls. Intrahepatic inflammation markers and HCC-related cytokines were decreased in mice with reduced NET formation due to neutrophil elastase (NE) deletion, and liver-related symptoms of alcohol were also alleviated in NE knockout mice. Removal of intestinal bacteria with antibiotics led to decreases in markers of NETs formation and inflammatory cytokines upon chronic alcohol consumption, and development of alcoholic hepatosteatosis and HCC was also attenuated. These functions were restored upon supplementation with the bacterial product LPS. When mice lacking toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) received chronic alcohol feeding, intrahepatic markers of NETs formation decreased, and hepatosteatosis and HCC were alleviated.Conclusions: Formation of NETs following LPS stimulation of TLR4 upon chronic alcohol use leads to increased alcoholic steatosis and subsequent HCC.
Amoebic crab disease (ACD) in edible crab Cancer pagurus from the English Channel, UK
Authors: Bateman KS , Stentiford GD , Kerr R , Hooper C , White P , Edwards M , Ross S , Hazelgrove R , Daumich C , Green MJ , Ivory D , Evans C , Bass D
Published: May 2022

The genera Paramoeba and Neoparamoeba (Amoebozoa, Dactylopodida, Paramoebidae) include well-known opportunistic pathogens associated with fish (N. peruans; amoebic gill disease), lobsters, molluscs and sea urchins, but only rarely with crabs (grey crab disease of blue crabs). Following reports of elevated post-capture mortality in edible crabs Cancer pagurus captured from a site within the English Channel fishery in the UK, a novel disease (amoebic crab disease, ACD) was detected in significant proportions of the catch. We present histopathological, transmission electron microscopy and molecular phylogenetic data, showing that this disease is defined by colonization of haemolymph, connective tissues and fixed phagocytes by amoeboid cells, leading to tissue destruction and presumably death in severely diseased hosts. The pathology was strongly associated with a novel amoeba with a phylogenetic position on 18S rRNA gene trees robustly sister to Janickina pigmentifera (which groups within the current circumscription of Paramoeba/Neoparamoeba), herein described as Janickina feisti n. sp. We provide evidence that J. feisti is associated with ACD in 50% of C. pagurus sampled from the mortality event. A diversity of other paramoebid sequence types, clustering with known radiations of N. pemaquidensis and N. aestuarina and a novel N. aestuarina sequence type, was detected by PCR in most of the crabs investigated, but their detection was much less strongly associated with clinical signs of disease. The discovery of ACD in edible crabs from the UK is discussed relative to published historical health surveys for this species.
Diagnosing Pediatric Patients With Hereditary C1-Inhibitor Deficiency—Experience From the Hungarian Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence
Authors: Andrási Noémi , Balla Zsuzsanna , Visy Beáta , Szilágyi Ágnes , Csuka Dorottya , Varga Lilian , Farkas Henriette
Published: May 2022

Background

Hereditary Angioedema with C1-inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) is a rare disease characterized by recurrent subcutaneous and/or submucosal edematous (HAE) episodes, which may occur at any age. The mean age of the symptom onset is 10–12 years. Diagnostic protocols differ by age group and family history.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed clinical and laboratory data (C4-, C1-INH concentration and function) from 49 pediatric patients diagnosed with C1-INH deficiency at our Angioedema Center between 2001 and 2020. Moreover, we analyzed the connection between complement parameters and symptom onset.

Results

From the 49 pediatric patients [boy/girl: 23/26, the average age of diagnosis: 6.7 years (min: 0-max: 18.84)], the majority (36/49, 73%) was diagnosed as the result of family screening. Of all the enrolled patients, 34% (17/49) experienced symptoms before the diagnosis. During the observational period, 33% (16/49) of the patients remained asymptomatic, while 33% (16/49) became symptomatic. The average age at symptom onset was 7.8 years (min: 0.5–max: 18). Only 27% (13/49) of pediatric patients were diagnosed after referrals to our center because of typical symptoms. From those patients diagnosed with family screening, 4/36 experienced symptoms at or before the time of the diagnosis. In the case of five newborns from the family screening group, umbilical cord blood samples were used for complement testing. In the case of 3/36 patients, the first complement parameters did not clearly support the disease, but the presence of the mutation identified in the family verified the diagnosis. Complement results were available from 11 patients who became symptomatic during the observational period. Complement parameters 1 year prior to and after the onset of symptoms were compared, and significantly lower concentrations of C1-INH (p= 0.0078) were detected after the onset of symptoms compared to the preceding (symptom-free) period.

Discussion

The majority of pediatric patients were diagnosed as a result of family screening before the onset of symptoms. Early diagnosis allows supplying the patients with special acute treatment for HAE attacks, which may occur at any time. Our results highlight the importance of DNA analysis in pediatric patients in case of a known mutation in the family, and an ambiguous result of complement testing.
Synthetic Biology Tools for Engineering Microbial Cells to Fight Superbugs
Authors: León-Buitimea Angel , Balderas-Cisneros Francisco de Jesús , Garza-Cárdenas César Rodolfo , Garza-Cervantes Javier Alberto , Morones-Ramírez José Rubén
Published: May 2022

With the increase in clinical cases of bacterial infections with multiple antibiotic resistance, the world has entered a health crisis. Overuse, inappropriate prescribing, and lack of innovation of antibiotics have contributed to the surge of microorganisms that can overcome traditional antimicrobial treatments. In 2017, the World Health Organization published a list of pathogenic bacteria, including Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli (ESKAPE). These bacteria can adapt to multiple antibiotics and transfer their resistance to other organisms; therefore, studies to find new therapeutic strategies are needed. One of these strategies is synthetic biology geared toward developing new antimicrobial therapies. Synthetic biology is founded on a solid and well-established theoretical framework that provides tools for conceptualizing, designing, and constructing synthetic biological systems. Recent developments in synthetic biology provide tools for engineering synthetic control systems in microbial cells. Applying protein engineering, DNA synthesis, and in silico design allows building metabolic pathways and biological circuits to control cellular behavior. Thus, synthetic biology advances have permitted the construction of communication systems between microorganisms where exogenous molecules can control specific population behaviors, induce intracellular signaling, and establish co-dependent networks of microorganisms.
Revisiting the Transcriptome Landscape of Pig Embryo Implantation Site at Single-Cell Resolution
Authors: Tian Qing , He Jia-Peng , Zhu Can , Zhu Qiu-Yang , Li Yu-Gu , Liu Ji-Long
Published: May 2022

Litter size is one of the most economically important traits in commercial pig farming. It has been estimated that approximately 30% of porcine embryos are lost during the peri-implantation period. Despite rapid advances over recent years, the molecular mechanism underlying embryo implantation in pigs remains poorly understood. In this study, the conceptus together with a small amount of its surrounding endometrial tissues at the implantation site was collected and subjected to single-cell RNA-seq using the 10x platform. Because embryo and maternal endometrium were genetically different, we successfully dissected embryonic cells from maternal endometrial cells in the data according to single nucleotide polymorphism information captured by single-cell RNA-seq. Undoubtedly, the interaction between trophoblast cells and uterine epithelial cells represents the key mechanism of embryo implantation. Using the CellChat tool, we revealed cell-cell communications between these 2 cell types in terms of secreted signaling, ECM-receptor interaction and cell-cell contact. Additionally, by analyzing the non-pregnant endometrium as control, we were able to identify global gene expression changes associated with embryo implantation in each cell type. Our data provide a valuable resource for deciphering the molecular mechanism of embryo implantation in pigs.
Comparison of a Personalized Prostate Biopsy Pattern With Traditional Transrectal Prostate Biopsy: Different Cancer Detection Rate
Authors: Jiang Xin , Qu Sifeng , Zhu Yaofeng , Wang Shuo , Sun Haoyu , Guo Hu , Shi Benkang , Chen Shouzhen
Published: May 2022

Background: In terms of prostate biopsy approaches, it is difficult to reach the ventral central region of the prostate with the traditional transrectal prostate biopsy, while with the transperineal biopsy, the tumor in the dorsolateral region of the prostate is easily missed. However, until now, no studies have investigated the biopsy accuracy in the selective application of transrectal or transperineal biopsies according to the lesion site.

Methods: We developed a personalized prostate biopsy pattern and the biopsy approach was selected individually according to the lesion site. We compared it with the traditional transrectal prostate biopsy method to evaluate the efficiency. Patients (n = 351) who underwent prostate biopsy at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 2018 to October 2020 were divided into two groups, including the traditional transrectal prostate biopsy group (n = 236) and the personalized group (n = 115). The data from patients, including clinical characteristics, biopsy results, and complications, were analyzed.

Results: The clinical characteristics of the two groups were similar. The total detection rate of prostate cancer in the personalized group was 49.6%, which was significantly higher than 38.1% in the traditional group (p = 0.023). When prostate-specific antigen was <20 ng/ml, the detection rates of the two groups were 30.4 and 19.3%, respectively (p = 0.039). The PI-RADS was positively associated with high-grade prostate cancer in the personalized group. Patients with complications in the traditional transrectal systematic method group accounted for 6.8%, and those in the personalized group complications through the transrectal and transperineal approaches accounted for 7.1 and 4.1%, respectively. The most common complications in the transrectal group were fever and rectal bleeding, and those in the transperineal group were hematuria and urinary retention.

Conclusion: Compared with traditional transrectal prostate biopsy, the personalized biopsy pattern improved the detection rate of prostate cancer. The complications of the transrectal approach were much higher than those in the transperineal approach.
Potential Biological Roles of Exosomal Long Non-Coding RNAs in Gastrointestinal Cancer
Authors: Kang Fanhua , Jiang Feng , Ouyang Lingzi , Wu Shangjun , Fu Chencheng , Liu Ying , Li Zhilan , Tian Yu , Cao Xiaolan , Wang Xiaoping , He Qingchun
Published: May 2022

Exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicles (EVs), are secreted by almost all cells and contain many cellular constituents, such as nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites. In addition, they play a crucial role in intercellular communication and have been proved to be involved in the development and treatment of gastrointestinal cancer. It has been confirmed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exert a range of biological functions, such as cell metastasis, tumorigenesis, and therapeutic responses. This review mainly focused on the emerging roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of exosome-derived lncRNAs in gastrointestinal cancer in recent years. The biological roles of exosomal lncRNAs in the pathogenesis and therapeutic responses of gastrointestinal cancers were also investigated.
Novel Starting Points for Human Glycolate Oxidase Inhibitors, Revealed by Crystallography-Based Fragment Screening
Authors: Mackinnon Sabrina R. , Bezerra Gustavo A. , Krojer Tobias , Szommer Tamas , von Delft Frank , Brennan Paul E. , Yue Wyatt W.
Published: May 2022

Primary hyperoxaluria type I (PH1) is caused by AGXT gene mutations that decrease the functional activity of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. A build-up of the enzyme’s substrate, glyoxylate, results in excessive deposition of calcium oxalate crystals in the renal tract, leading to debilitating renal failure. Oxidation of glycolate by glycolate oxidase (or hydroxy acid oxidase 1, HAO1) is a major cellular source of glyoxylate, and siRNA studies have shown phenotypic rescue of PH1 by the knockdown of HAO1, representing a promising inhibitor target. Here, we report the discovery and optimization of six low-molecular-weight fragments, identified by crystallography-based fragment screening, that bind to two different sites on the HAO1 structure: at the active site and an allosteric pocket above the active site. The active site fragments expand known scaffolds for substrate-mimetic inhibitors to include more chemically attractive molecules. The allosteric fragments represent the first report of non-orthosteric inhibition of any hydroxy acid oxidase and hold significant promise for improving inhibitor selectivity. The fragment hits were verified to bind and inhibit HAO1 in solution by fluorescence-based activity assay and surface plasmon resonance. Further optimization cycle by crystallography and biophysical assays have generated two hit compounds of micromolar (44 and 158 µM) potency that do not compete with the substrate and provide attractive starting points for the development of potent and selective HAO1 inhibitors.
Synthesis of New 5′-Norcarbocyclic Aza/Deaza Purine Fleximers - Noncompetitive Inhibitors of E.coli Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase
Authors: Khandazhinskaya Anastasia , Fateev Ilja , Konstantinova Irina , Esipov Roman , Polyakov Konstantin , Seley-Radtke Katherine , Kochetkov Sergey , Matyugina Elena
Published: May 2022

A new series of flexible 5′-norcarbocyclic aza/deaza-purine nucleoside analogs were synthesized from 6-oxybicyclo[3.1.0.]hex-2-ene and pyrazole-containing fleximer analogs of heterocyclic bases using the Trost procedure. The compounds were evaluated as potential inhibitors of E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Analog 1-3 were found to be noncompetitive inhibitors with inhibition constants of 14–24 mM. From the data obtained, it can be assumed that the new 5′-norcarbocyclic nucleoside analogs interact with the active site of the PNP like natural heterocyclic bases. But at the same time the presence of a cyclopentyl moiety with 2′ and 3′ hydroxyls is necessary for the inhibitory properties, since compounds 8–10, without those groups did not exhibit an inhibitory effect under the experimental conditions.
Preparation of 3DOM ZrTiO4 Support, WxCeMnOδ/3DOM ZrTiO4 Catalysts, and Their Catalytic Performance for the Simultaneous Removal of Soot and NOx
Authors: Wang Ruidan , Zhong Chengming , Li Dong , Yu Xuehua , Zhao Zhen , Sojka Zbigniew , Kotarba Andrzej , Wei Yuechang , Liu Jian
Published: May 2022

As an efficient and durable engine, a diesel engine has a broad application. However, soot particles (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) coming from diesel engines are the main causes of air pollution, so it is necessary to design and prepare an effective catalyst for the simultaneous elimination of PM and NOx. In this work, a novel 3DOM ZrTiO4 support and a series of WxCeMnOδ/3DOM ZrTiO4 catalysts (where x indicates the wt% of W) were designed and fabricated by the colloidal crystal template technique. Among the as-prepared catalysts, the W1CeMnOδ/3DOM ZrTiO4 catalyst exhibits the highest NO conversion rate (52%) at the temperature of maximum CO2 concentration (474°C) and achieves 90% NO conversion in the temperature range of 250–396°C. The excellent catalytic performance is associated with the macroporous structure, abundant oxygen vacancies, sufficient acid sites, and the synergistic effect among the active components. The possible reaction mechanisms of WxCeMnOδ/3DOM ZrTiO4 catalysts were also discussed based on the characterization results.
Six Bacterial Vaginosis-Associated Species Can Form an In Vitro and Ex Vivo Polymicrobial Biofilm That Is Susceptible to Thymbra capitata Essential Oil
Authors: Rosca Aliona S. , Castro Joana , Sousa Lúcia G. V. , França Angela , Cavaleiro Carlos , Salgueiro Lígia , Cerca Nuno
Published: May 2022

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with serious gynaecologic and obstetric complications. The hallmark of BV is the presence of a polymicrobial biofilm on the vaginal epithelium, but BV aetiology is still a matter of debate. We have previously developed an in vitro biofilm model that included three BV-associated species, but, up to now, no studies are available whereby more bacterial species are grown together to better mimic the in vivo situation. Herein, we characterized the first polymicrobial BV biofilm consisting of six cultivable BV-associated species by using both in vitro and ex vivo vaginal tissue models. Both models revealed that the six species were able to incorporate the polymicrobial biofilm, at different bacterial concentrations. As it has been thought that this polymicrobial biofilm may increase the survival of BV-associated species when exposed to antibiotics, we also assessed if the Thymbra capitata essential oil (EO), which has recently been shown to be highly bactericidal against several Gardnerella species, could maintain its anti-biofilm activity against this polymicrobial biofilm. Under our experimental conditions, T. capitata EO exhibited a high antibacterial effect against polymicrobial biofilms, in both tested models, with a significant reduction in the biofilm biomass and the number of culturable cells. Overall, this study shows that six BV-associated species can grow together and form a biofilm both in vitro and when using an ex vivo model. Moreover, the data obtained herein should be considered in further applications of T. capitata EO as an antimicrobial agent fighting BV.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Alters the Outcome of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Mice
Authors: Wang Junzhong , Zhou Xin , Li Xiaoran , Guo Weina , Zhu Qingfeng , Zhu Bin , Lu Yinping , Zheng Xin , Yang Dongliang , Wang Baoju
Published: May 2022

The susceptibility of mice to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection depends on their genetic background. The gut microbiota modulates the antiviral immune response in the liver and plays a protective role against HBV infection. However, whether HBV infection outcomes depend on the gut microbiota remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the gut microbiota composition in naïve BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The gut microbiota in BALB/c mice was depleted using broad-spectrum antibiotics (ABX) and then reconstituted with fecal microbiota from naïve BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice to evaluate the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on the outcomes of and immune response to HBV infection. We found that HBV infection outcomes and the gut microbiota composition differed between BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Commensal bacteria from the fecal microbiota selectively colonized the guts of ABX-treated BALB/c mice. Mice receiving fecal microbiota from BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice displayed different HBV infection outcomes. The fecal microbiota from C57BL/6 mice induced immune tolerance in the liver and prolonged HBV infection. In conclusion, HBV infection outcomes in mice are determined by the host genetic background and gut microbiota composition. Reconstitution of the gut microbiota by FMT can alter the susceptibility to HBV infection in mice.
Effect of Helicobacter Pylori Eradication on Human Gastric Microbiota: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Guo Yang , Cao Xue-Shan , Guo Guan-Yi , Zhou Meng-Ge , Yu Bo
Published: May 2022

Background

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a major risk factor for gastric cancer and eradication of H. pylori is recommended as an effective gastric cancer prevention strategy. The infected individuals show microbial dysbiosis of gastric microbiota. In recent years, agrowing number of studies have focused on gastric microbiota changes following H. pylori eradication. In the present study, we aim to evaluate the influence of successful H. pylori eradication on the short-term and long-term alterations of human gastric microbiota using a method of systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

We did a systematic search based on three databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science) in November 2021. Additional articles were also identified by reviewing references cited in the included papers. Human studies that reported changes in gastric microbiota following successful H. pylori eradication were enrolled. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021293796.

Results

In total, nine studies enrolling 546 participants were included. Regarding quadruple therapy, alpha diversity indexes increased within 1 month after eradication; significant differences in gastric microbial community structure between before and after eradication were also seen within 1 month. The trends of the above-mentioned diversity changes persisted with a follow-up of 6 months. The microbial composition altered significantly after eradication and the relative abundance of H. pylori-related taxa decreased. Accordingly, gastric commonly dominant commensals were enriched. Bioinformatic analyses of microbiota functions showed that bacteria reproduction-related pathways were down-regulated and pathways of gastric acid secretion, etc. were up-regulated. For triple therapy, similar trends of alpha diversity and beta diversity changes were observed in the short-term and long-term follow-up. Also, after eradication, H. pylori was not the gastric dominant bacteria and similar changes in gastric microbial composition were found. For gastric microbial interactions, a decrease in microbial interactions was seen after eradication. Additionally, regarding whether successful H. pylori eradication could restore gastric microbiota to uninfected status, the results remain controversial.

Conclusion

In conclusion, successful H. pylori eradication could reverse the gastric microbiota dysbiosis and show beneficial effects on gastric microbiota. Our findings may provide new insight for exploring the role of H. pylori and the whole gastric microbiota in gastric carcinogenesis.