bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whole-Body Adaptive Functional Electrical Stimulation Kinesitherapy Can Promote the Restoring of Physiological Muscle Synergies for Neurological Patients
Authors: Scano Alessandro , Mira Robert Mihai , Gabbrielli Guido , Molteni Franco , Terekhov Viktor
Published: February 2022

Background: Neurological diseases and traumas are major factors that may reduce motor functionality. Functional electrical stimulation is a technique that helps regain motor function, assisting patients in daily life activities and in rehabilitation practices. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a treatment based on whole-body Adaptive Functional Electrical Stimulation Kinesitherapy (AFESK™) with the use of muscle synergies, a well-established method for evaluation of motor coordination. The evaluation is performed on retrospectively gathered data of neurological patients executing whole-body movements before and after AFESK-based treatments. Methods: Twenty-four chronic neurologic patients and 9 healthy subjects were recruited in this study. The patient group was further subdivided in 3 subgroups: hemiplegic, tetraplegic and paraplegic. All patients underwent two acquisition sessions: before treatment and after a FES based rehabilitation treatment at the VIKTOR Physio Lab. Patients followed whole-body exercise protocols tailored to their needs. The control group of healthy subjects performed all movements in a single session and provided reference data for evaluating patients’ performance. sEMG was recorded on relevant muscles and muscle synergies were extracted for each patient’s EMG data and then compared to the ones extracted from the healthy volunteers. To evaluate the effect of the treatment, the motricity index was measured and patients’ extracted synergies were compared to the control group before and after treatment. Results: After the treatment, patients’ motricity index increased for many of the screened body segments. Muscle synergies were more similar to those of healthy people. Globally, the normalized synergy similarity in respect to the control group was 0.50 before the treatment and 0.60 after (p < 0.001), with improvements for each subgroup of patients. Conclusions: AFESK treatment induced favorable changes in muscle activation patterns in chronic neurologic patients, partially restoring muscular patterns similar to healthy people. The evaluation of the synergic relationships of muscle activity when performing test exercises allows to assess the results of rehabilitation measures in patients with impaired locomotor functions.
Product of Hessians and Discriminant of Critical Points of Level Function Attached to Sphere Arrangement
Authors: Aomoto Kazuhiko , Ito Masahiko
Published: February 2022

We state the product formulae of the values of the levels of functions at critical points involved in asymptotic behaviors of hypergeometric integrals associated with symmetric arrangements of three-dimensional spheres. We show, in an explicit way, how the product of the Hessian, regarding the level functions at all critical points, is related to the behavior of its critical points. We also state two conjectures concerning the same problem associated with general hypersphere arrangements.
Using Systems Thinking and Modelling: Ecological Land Utilisation Efficiency in the Yangtze Delta in China
Authors: Zhang Chunmei , Feng Ziwen , Ren Qilong , Hsu Wei-Lng
Published: February 2022

Ecological land has two definitions: the broad category and the narrow category. This paper studied the narrow category, which refers to the land whose main purpose is to provide ecological services, such as environmental regulation and biological conservation. Ecological land areas are likely to decrease with the development of urbanisation all over the world, which poses potential risks to the environment, society, and public health, and low utilisation efficiency of ecological land will exacerbate this risk. Based on the actual input–output situation of ecological land utilisation, we constructed an index system in the Yangtze Delta to measure the ecological land utilisation efficiency with a Slack-Based Model (SBM) in the data envelopment analysis (DEA). The results revealed that the comprehensive efficiency exhibited an increasing trend from 2012 to 2020, and more high-efficiency cities appeared in the areas closer to Shanghai. Both the technical efficiency and scale efficiency increased over the research period. The technical efficiencies in most cities were efficient and equal to the scale efficiencies. Among the remaining cities, the technical efficiencies and scale efficiencies were inefficient and not synchronous. In addition, we found that the that poor efficiencies of some cities can mainly be attributed to low-technology, an unsuited-scale, or a combination of these. In the future, improvement should be focused on the economical and intensive use of ecological land, technical innovations, and the optimal scale. The present results can provide references for making scientific decisions regarding the efficient utilisation of ecological land in the Yangtze Delta and other similar rapid-urbanization areas.
Implementation and Validation of a Simple Direct Identification Method for an Experimental Multi-Span Web Transport System
Authors: Giannoccaro Nicola Ivan , Sakamoto Tetsuzo
Published: February 2022

The industrial processes that require the use of the web require a control system which allows for preserving the properties of the web unaltered, avoiding the risk of wrinkling, tearing, breakage and other defects. This control generally takes place by detecting the tension and the speed in certain points of the system since these variables determine the stress state on the web, which, if altered beyond certain ranges, can lead to the defects mentioned above. The problem of tension and web speed control is very demanding because the system’s dynamic is a function of many process variables that often vary over a wide range. In this study, an experimental system consisting of 12 rollers, four motorised, was analysed. This system was divided into four subsystems according to the logic of decentralised control. The tension of the initial and final subsystems and the speeds of the two central subsystems were monitored. This study proposes estimating continuous-time transfer functions using experimental time-domain data. A nonlinear least-squares search-based method minimises a weighted prediction error norm for directly identifying the mathematical model used to describe the web transport system. To test the performance of the proposed strategy, experimental data were collected in an open-loop configuration with constant voltage given to the four servo motors. The collected data were subsequently processed to define an extremely simple system model composed of a very limited number of parameters representing the system through transfer functions. The model was further validated by comparing the results obtained through simulations with the experimental data obtained with different inputs, and was also validated with some closed-loop tests.
A Systems Thinking Archetype to Understand, Analyze, and Evaluate the Evolution of International Political Crises
Authors: Armenia Stefano , Tsaples Georgios , Franco Eduardo
Published: February 2022

Crises are a relevant element of the modern political, economic, and social landscape. To better understand them and their potential dynamic evolution, and thus allow decision makers in turn to design more effective intervention measures, a more comprehensive understanding of their complexity is necessary. Framing a political crisis, especially one where conflicts might ensue, can be crucial for dealing with it. Consequently, there is the need to adopt a new paradigm that can reveal and contextualize the fundamental factors that can give rise to a political crisis, thus allowing for a more accurate description of it and, in turn, ensuring that every stakeholder will perceive it similarly. The present study proposes such a paradigm, to understand how a political crisis emerges, how it might evolve, and how the intertwined relevant factors can be communicated clearly, and yet be layered, which was the Systems Thinking approach. A set of case studies is presented to demonstrate the added value of such an approach. The performed analysis also draws inspiration from international relations theories, through which the Systems Thinking approach shows its capability in effectively evaluating the potentially underlying dynamics of crises and providing an analytical ground for their management and prevention.
Enfermedad atípica: Inmunodeficiencia combinada grave
Authors: Sauce Guevara Mildred Angélica , Palacios Rosas Erika
Published: February 2022

La inmunodeficiencia combinada grave es una enfermedad hereditaria ligada al cromosoma X en donde existen anomalías en las funciones de los linfocitos T, B y NK, el cual puede ser mixta y afectar dos o más de estas poblaciones celulares, aún no existe un registro amplio de esta enfermedad dado que es de muy baja incidencia, y a pesar de no tener cura, su pronóstico es relativamente favorable si es detectado a tiempo. Actualmente existen algunos tratamientos para mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente como el trasplante de medula ósea, o remplazo de inmunoglobulina intravenosa (IGIV), esta revisión pretende explicar los procesos involucrados en el desarrollo de esta enfermedad.
Perancangan Corporate Identity Nano Barbershop di Kota Padang
Authors: Wilyon Ahmad Abror
Published: February 2022

Analisis data yang digunakan dalam perancangan ini adalah SWOT (Strengths, Weakness, Oppourtunities, Treats) karena dengan menggunakan analisis SWOT ini dapat mempermudah perancang untuk mengatasi masalah yang ditimbulkan dalam proses perancangan. Hasil dari analisis ini adalah meningkatkan citra perusahaan dengan cara melakukan perbaikan dan pembenahan untuk memperkenalkan logo baru melalui berbagai media agar lebih dikenal oleh masyarakat. Hasil dari perancangan ini adalah dihasilkannya logo baru dan corporate identity Nano Barbershop beserta media pendukung lain seperti, baju kaos, kain kip (kain cape), apron barber, kartu nama, stempel, banner, poster, stiker, jam dinding dan paper bag.
De las organizaciones rojas a las magentas
Authors:   , Bernstein Armando Mario
Published: February 2022

La pregunta acerca del bienestar en el trabajo es la preocupación que más investigaciones ha disparado en los últimos 30 años; mucho más que los escritos sobre modelos organizacionales, gestión (de todas las áreas) o finanzas. Esto se debe a que realmente hay una preocupación, ya sea porque hay nuevas generaciones incorporándose al trabajo o porque sencillamente los colaboradores son infelices en el mismo. Esta propuesta estratégica en una empresa hace uso de la experiencia del autor como empresario y ofrece una visión de primera mano sobre los Estilos Organizacionales y los tipos de liderazgo, en una empresa que supo tener más de 120 colaboradores. Se propone una estructuración en etapas de la misma de acuerdo al aporte de la más amplia literatura ofrecida por la psicología positiva, sociología, antropología, filosofía y por supuesto la gestión del cambio, de las culturas organizacionales. Se ubica en el centro la noción de evolución de la conciencia y la moral. Es por esta razón que, para esta intervención, los valores rigen el actuar de las organizaciones y obviamente de las personas que trabajan en ella. Y si se habla de valores se habla de cultura, esa cultura que es contextual y vive dentro de nosotros como individuos, así como dentro de grupos de personas, más allá de la misión y visión, metas u objetivos.
Uma cor que desentorte o arco-íris
Authors: Bogo Danilo
Published: February 2022

Com duração de aproximadamente 6'30" a peça foi escrita em 2017 para piano e eletrônica, tendo a proporção áurea – e suas ramificações como a sequência Fibonacci – como inspiração para a organização da harmonia e da forma. O piano assume um caráter solista e a eletrônica – operada por dois intérpretes em dois computadores – mistura sons fixados (eletrônica diferida – escritos em língua portuguesa na partitura) e síntese gerada pelo software SuperCollider (live electronics – escritos em inglês) em ambos os computadores.   Os   sons   fixados (pássaros, avião, chuva etc.) são misturados em tempo real pelos dois intérpretes com o auxílio de um mixer enquanto os live electronics (síntese) são controlados pelo mouse e enviados também ao mixer. Os elementos do piano são tratados como “objetos sonoros” que se adensam pouco a pouco até atingir dois clímaces pré-estabelecidos pela sequência Fibonacci.
Tratamento Percutâneo por Cateter da Degeneração Valvar Biológica Aórtica – O valve-in-valve Aórtico
Authors: Adriano Dias Dourado Oliveira  , Ricardo Peixoto Oliveira
Published: February 2022

A doença valvar perfaz importante causa de morbidade cardiovascular. O envelhecimento populacional associado a maior número de trocas valvares com uso de bioprótese, considerando a durabilidade destas, determinou um aumento de pacientes candidatos a reintervenção por degeneração valvar. Esses pacientes, recentemente, passaram a ter o implante percutâneo de válvula aórtica como alternativa à cirurgia em condições de alto risco cirúrgico. Descreve-se, neste cenário, o papel do implante valvar transcateter em pacientes com prótese biológica degenerada, considerando aspectos relacionados a indicação e resultados do procedimento.
Atualização na Avaliação por Imagens dos Sarcomas Ósseos e das Partes Moles
Authors: Alex Guedes  , Marcelo Bragança dos Reis Oliveira  , Adelina Sanches de Melo  , Clarissa Canella Moraes do Carmo
Published: February 2022

The evolution in imaging evaluation of musculoskeletal sarcomas contributed to a significant improvement in the prognosis and survival of patients with these neoplasms. The precise characterization of these lesions, using the most appropriate imaging modalities to each clinical condition presented, is of paramount importance in the design of the therapeutic approach to be instituted, with a direct impact on clinical outcomes. The present paper synopsis seeks to update the reader regarding imaging methodologies in the context of local and systemic evaluation of bone sarcomas and soft tissues.
Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Covid-19 Prevention in the Music Community
Authors: Andayani Lia H. , Sandra Ferry , Soulissa Abdul G. , Handojo James
Published: February 2022

Abstract: The escalation of COVID-19 cases both in morbidity and mortality rates in Daerah Khusus Ibukota (DKI) Jakarta and its surrounding areas (JABODETABEK) continues to occur. Adherence in implementing health protocols depends on the knowledge and attitudes of the individuals. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding Covid-19 prevention in an informal community, namely music community. This study was conducted online with 44 participants obtained through convenience sampling method. Participants filled out the questionnaires covering individual characteristics, general knowledge regarding Covid-19, and attitudes towards protective measures against Covid-19. The Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze the differences in the mean score of knowledge based on selected variables. There were 52.4% of participants that had low level of knowledge. Meanwhile, 86.4% of participants had positive attitude towards protective measures against Covid-19. Significant differences were found in the mean scores of knowledge based on age (p=0.001), place of residence (p=0.004), and occupational status (p=0.032). In conclusion, most participants of the music community in Jakarta and surrounding areas have low level of knowledge, however, they have positive attitude towards protective measures against Covid-19.Keywords: Covid-19; knowledge; attitude; music community Abstrak: Peningkatan kasus Covid-19 baik dalam angka morbiditas maupun mortalitas di wilayah Daerah Khusus Ibukota (DKI) Jakarta dan sekitarnya (JABODETABEK) masih berlangsung. Kepatuhan dalam menerapkan protokol kesehatan bergantung pada pengetahuan dan sikap individu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan sikap mengenai pencegahan Covid-19 pada salah satu komunitas informal di masyarakat, yaitu komunitas musik. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara daring dengan 44 peserta yang didapatkan melalui metode convenience sampling. Peserta mengisi kuesioner survei yang berisi data karateristik individu, pengetahuan umum, dan sikap terkait Covid-19. Uji Mann-Whitney digunakan untuk melihat perbedaan rerata nilai pengetahuan berdasarkan setiap variabel. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan sebanyak 52,4% responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan rendah namun 86,4% responden memiliki sikap positif terhadap upaya pencegahan penularan Covid-19. Perbedaan rerata nilai pengetahuan secara bermakna ditemukan berdasarkan usia (p=0,001), wilayah tinggal (p=0,004), dan status pekerjaan (p=0,032). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah sebagian besar komunitas musik di DKI Jakarta dan sekitarnya memiliki tingkat pengetahuan rendah namun memiliki sikap positif terhadap upaya pencegahan penularan Covid -19. Kata kunci: Covid-19; pengetahuan; sikap; komunitas musik
Neutral Zone: Concept and Technique Application for Managing Severely Resorbed Mandibular Ridges – A Case Report
Authors: Nuriyanto Ainy F. , Rostiny Rostiny , Agustono Bambang
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Full dental prosthesis rehabilitation on flat mandibular ridge has been a difficult case for clinicians for a long time. A huge resorption of mandibular ridge results in inadequate retention, and tounge muscle pressure, as well as lip and cheek muscles, causing a decrease in denture’s stability and retention. Neutral zone is a potential area or position where lips and cheek on one side, and tounge on the other side have balance pressure. We reported a 60-year-old male patient with chief complaints of difficulty in mastication, and loose upper and lower dentures. He also complained of denture moving during swallowing and speaking. In case management, the aim was to acquire optimum stability of the denture and arrangement of the mandibular teeth in full dental prosthesis guided by using the neutral zone. Preliminary impression was done by using alginate, then, horizontal and vertical jaw relation was recorded by using bite rim. Suction method impression technique was used to acquire functional impression. Lower denture teeth arrangement adapted the result of neutral zone impression. Acrylic denture was being contoured to adjust the natural anatomy of the oral cavity. In conclusion, the patient got a new full denture with maximum retention and stability while speaking as well as masticating. This article discussed about making of full dental prosthesis with pressure point on neutral zone impression technique on flat mandibular ridge caused by huge resorption.Keywords: flat mandibular ridge; denture stability; neutral zone; impression technique
MOTIVASI MELAKUKAN SELF MONITORING BLOOD GLUCOSE DENGAN DIABETES SELF MANAGEMENT PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2
Authors: Masi Gresty Natalia Maria , Yulia Ns , Masfuri Ns
Published: February 2022

Abstrak Kontrol glukosa darah dapat dipertahankan melalui perawatan mandiri. Motivasi melakukan self monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) yang baik dapat meningkatkan diabetes self management pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan motivasi melakukan SMBG dengan diabetes self management pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif observasional analitik dengan pendekatan crossectional, melibatkan 96 pasien. Alat ukur yang digunakan berupa kuesioner karakteristik responden, Treatment Self Regulation Questionare, Diabetes Self Management Questionare, Diabetes Knowledge Scale. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara motivasi melakukan SMBG dengan diabetes self management (p = 0,001). Hasil analisis regresi logistik menunjukkan motivasi melakukan SMBG berhubungan dengan didabetes self management setelah dikontrol variabel pengetahuan. Kesimpulan diperlukan perhatian khusus dari perawat untuk meningkatkan motivasi melakukan SMBG pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 dalam self care management. Kata kunci : Motivasi, SMBG, diabetes self management Abstract Glycemic control could be maintained through diabetes self-management. Motivation to perform self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) could improve diabetes self-management in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between motivation to perform SMBG and diabetes self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study applied quantitative method with a cross sectional approach, involving 96 patients. The Instruments used were questionnaires for respondent characteristics, Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire, Diabetes Self Management Questionnaire and Diabetes Knowledge Scale. The results show that there was a significant relationship between motivation to perform SMBG and diabetes self-management (p = 0,001). Results of logistic regression analysis showed that motivation to perform SMBG is associated with diabetes self-management after controlled by knowledge variable. In conclusion it is a necessarily for nurses to provide attention to increase motivation to perform SMBG in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus as part of self care management. Keywords: Motivation, SMBG, diabetes self management
GAMBARAN ADAPTASI FISIOLOGIS DAN PSIKOLOGIS PADA PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIS YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISIS DI KOTA MANADO
Authors: Mait Gracia , Nurmansyah Muhammad , Bidjuni Hendro
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Background: Chronic kidney failure is a disease that is suffered by many peoplein the world from young age to old age which significantly affects their ability and qualityof life because they have to undergo therapy including hemodialysis. To increase adherence,the factors of adjustment to hemodialysis therapy need to be known in detail. Aim: todescribe the physiological and psychological adaptation features in patients with chronicrenal failure undergoing hemodialysis. Method: This study used descriptive analyticalresearch method using simple random sampling with a total sample of 49 patientsundergoing hemodialysis. The research instrument used is a questionnaire with quantitativedata analysis techniques. Result: Respondents in this study have a good physiologicaladaptation (adaptive) that is 98% and also a good psychological adaptation that is100%. Conclusion: Respondents in this study are known to have a good picture ofphysiological and psychological adaptation (adaptive) so that this study can be used innurses in nursing interventions to further improve patient adaptation to hemodialysis.Keywords: Chronic Renal Failure, Physiological and Psychological AdaptationsAbstrak: Latar Belakang: Penyakit gagal ginjal kronik adalah penyakit yang banyak di deritaoleh banyak orang di dunia dari usia muda sampai usia lanjut yang secarasignifikan mempengaruhi kemampuan diri dan kualitas hidup karena harus menjalani terapidiantaranya hemodialisis. Untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan maka faktor-faktor penyesuaiandiri terhadap terapi hemodialisis perlu di ketahui secara detail. Tujuan: untuk mengetahuigambaran adaptasi fisiologis dan psikologis pada pasien dengan gagal ginjal kronis yangmenjalani hemodialisis. Metode: penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptifanalitis menggunakan simple random sampling dengan jumlah sampel penelitian 49 pasienyang menjalani hemodialisis. Instrumen penelitian yang di gunakan adalah kuisioner denganteknik analisis data kuantitatif. Hasil:Responden dalam penelitian ini memiliki adaptasifisiologis yang baik (adaptive) yaitu 98% dan juga adaptasi psikologis yang baik yaitu 100%.Kesimpulan: Responden dalam penelitian ini diketahui memiliki gambaran adaptasifisiologis dan psikologis yang baik (adaptive) sehingga penelitian ini dapat di gunakanperawat dalam intervensi keperawatan untuk lebih meningkatkan adaptasi pasien denganhemodialisis.Kata Kunci: Gagal Ginjal Kronis, Adaptasi Fisiologis dan Psikologis.
HUBUNGAN FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN SOSIAL DENGAN IDE BUNUH DIRI PADA REMAJA DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Rantung Galatia Marline Victoria , Pangemanan Damajanty H. C. , Bidjuni Hendro
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground: Suicide occurs at all ages and is the second leading cause of death among theages of 15-29 globally. The idea of suicide arises in psychiatric emergencies since theindividual is in a high level of stress while using the wrong adjustment mechanism. Theenvironmental of family and friends is one of the risk factors for the occurrence of suicide inadolescents. Aim: To know the correlation between factors of the social environment withadolescent suicide ideation. Methods: This is a quantitative study with the Cross Sectionalapproach. Data collecting is done using a questionnaire. This study used total sampling of156 respondents. This study used the Chi-square test. Results: Above 54% of respondents hadhigh suicidal ideation. Statistical test result of the family environmental factors with suicideideation showed that value of p = 0,206 (> α = 0,05) and result of the friendshipenvironmental factors with suicide ideation showed that value of p = 0,699 (> α = 0,05).Most respondents with high or low suicidal ideation have high support from socialenvironment of family and friends. Conclusion: There is no correlation between factors of thesocial environtment with adolescent suicide ideation.Keywords: Social Environment, Suicide IdeationAbstrakLatar Belakang: Bunuh diri terjadi sepanjang umur dan merupakan penyebab utamakematian kedua di antara anak usia 15-29 tahun secara global. Ide bunuh diri muncul padakeadaan darurat psikiatri karena individu berada dalam keadaan stres yang tinggi danmenggunakan mekanisme penyesuaian diri yang salah. Lingkungan keluarga dan temanmerupakan salah satu faktor resiko penyebab terjadinya bunuh diri pada remaja. Tujuan:Mengetahui hubungan faktor lingkungan sosial dengan ide bunuh diri pada remaja. Metode:Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional.Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner. Sampel penelitianmenggunakan total sampling sebanyak 156 responden remaja kelas XI di salah satu SMKNegeri. Data analisis penelitian ini menggunakan uji statistik Chi-square. Hasil: Sebanyak54% responden memiliki ide bunuh diri yang tinggi. Uji statistik faktor lingkungan sosialkeluarga dengan ide bunuh diri diperoleh nilai p = 0,206 (>α = 0,05) dan uji statistik faktorlingkungan sosial teman dengan ide bunuh diri diperoleh nilai p = 0,699 (>α = 0,05).Sebagian besar responden dengan ide bunuh diri yang tinggi maupun rendah memilikidukungan dari faktor lingkungan sosial keluarga dan teman yang tinggi. Simpulan: Hasilpenelitian ini menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara faktor lingkungan sosial keluarga danteman dengan ide bunuh diri pada remaja.Kata Kunci: Lingkungan Sosial, Ide Bunuh Diri
Experimental study on shallow and deep dopant properties at the interface of PtO
x
/ZnO Schottky diodes
Authors: Matsumura Mikiya , Tanaka Takahisa , Uchida Ken
Published: February 2022

The donor properties at the interface of the PtO
x
/ZnO Schottky diodes on hydrothermally grown ZnO were investigated. From the capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics of the diode and Hall effect measurements of the bulk substrate, we revealed that the carrier concentration at the ZnO Schottky diodes interface is much higher than that in the bulk. By utilizing the C–V characteristics and the deep level transient spectroscopy, we demonstrated that the interfaces have two kinds of ionized donors; the shallow and deep donors, whose activation energies were 4 meV and 0.33 eV, respectively. Both of the two types of donors were ionized near the interface, whereas only the low-concentration shallow donors were ionized in the bulk. The shallow and deep donors were assigned to hydrogen interstadials and E3 defects, respectively. Since both the donor types are related to hydrogens, annealing in the oxygen atmosphere was effective to greatly suppress the donor concentration at the diode interface.
Enhancement of convergence efficiency for airborne ultrasonic self-bending beam with phase-modulating reflector
Authors: Yamamoto Nagisa , Nomura Hideyuki
Published: February 2022

Acoustic self-bending beams for airborne ultrasound are highly expected to expand the capabilities of existing acoustic applications. Our previous study has implemented amplitude control based on the Airy function to achieve an ultrasonic self-bending beam in air. However, the amplitude control lacks sound pressure convergence into the main lobe. To improve the convergence, we propose using a reflector to achieve phase modulation. In this study, we used the Airy function and developed the reflector that incorporates different heights to control spatial phase distribution. Using the proposed reflector demonstrated a self-bending beam for an airborne ultrasound experimentally. In addition, compared to the amplitude modulation, the phase modulation using the proposed reflector improved convergence efficiency of sound pressure level by more than 6 dB at distances of 0.7 m and 1.0 m from the emitter.
Experimental study of ultrasound retention of bubble-surrounded cells under various conditions of acoustic field and flow velocity
Authors: Chikaarashi Takumi , Watanabe Shunya , Miyamoto Yoshitaka , Omata Daiki , Maruyama Kazuo , Suzuki Ryo , Masuda Kohji
Published: February 2022

We confirmed that bubble-surrounded cells (BSCs) contained in flow were retained on the walls of an artificial blood vessel by forming an acoustic field with multiple focal points using tempo-spatial division emission. In order to realize the cell delivery system, we investigated the relationship between the concentration of T-cells and brightness in the microscopic images. Next, we defined the applied acoustic intensity, derived from the sound pressure distribution of every type of acoustic field. We studied the retention performance of BSCs versus various flow velocities, number and spatial intervals of the focal points, and maximum sound pressure. From the results, the optimal acoustic field to retain the cells depends on both acoustic intensity and flow velocity, where multiple focal points with an acoustic intensity of 50–120 mW cm−2 were more effective than the single focal point with 180 mW cm−2 in the range of a flow velocity of 10–20 mm s−1.
Direct high-temperature growth of single-crystalline GaN on ScAlMgO4 substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Floriduz Alessandro , Matioli Elison
Published: February 2022

In this note, we demonstrate direct high-temperature growth of single-crystalline GaN on c-plane ScAlMgO4 substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, without using low-temperature buffers. We found that a trimethylaluminium preflow was crucial to suppress island growth and to achieve uniform mirror-like Ga-polar GaN layers. The preflow time was found to have a direct impact on the crystalline quality of GaN. We also show that thin GaN layers directly grown at high temperature can be used as buffers for the growth of lattice-matched In0.17Ga0.83N layers on ScAlMgO4. The presented results demonstrate the potential of direct growth of GaN on ScAlMgO4.
Quantum cascade detectors with enhanced responsivity using coupled double-well structures
Authors: Li Kun , Liu Shu-Man , Zhuo Ning , Liu Jun-Qi , Zhu Yi-Xuan , Guo Kai , Zhai Shen-Qiang , Zhang Jin-Chuan , Wang Li-Jun , Li Yuan , Liu Feng-Qi
Published: February 2022

We demonstrate a quantum cascade detector with two coupled double-well structures exhibiting a high peak responsivity of 166 mA W−1 for 8.2 μm detection at 80 K. The coupled double-absorption-well design offers enhanced absorption efficiency. Meanwhile, incorporating another coupled double-well structure in the extractor increases the extraction efficiency. Both factors contribute to the high performance of our device.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MEMAHAMI TEKS BACAAN BAHASA JERMAN DENGAN TEKNIK SCANNING READING
Authors: Haslinda Haslinda
Published: February 2022

The problem of this research is about the low ability to understand German reading texts. It aims to find out the results of increasing the ability to understand German reading texts with scanning reading techniques at SMA Negeri 10 Makassar. This research is classified into classroom action research. Data collection techniques were obtained through observation, documentation analysis, and the reflection stage. The results showed that the scanning reading technique could improve the ability to understand German reading texts for class XI IPA 1 SMA Negeri 10 Makassar. In the first cycle, it was found that 32 (80%) students had reading speed using scanning reading techniques with low qualifications, while 8 (20%) students had moderate reading skills. At the level of understanding in the medium category are as many as 31 (77.5%) students and the level of understanding in the high category are as many as 9 (22.5%) students. In the second cycle, it was found that all students, as many as 40 (100%) students were declared successful in reading with the scanning reading technique with moderate qualifications. Meanwhile, the level of understanding in the very high category was 6 (15%) students and those with the high category were 34 (85%) students and none of the students had a very low level of understanding. This means that the level of understanding German texts with the scanning reading technique of class XI IPA 1 SMA Negeri 10 students in cycle II is declared successful
Analysis of Experience and Modern Trends of State Support the Creation and Operation of Technology Park
Authors: Baranovskaya Marina , Ukhanova Inna
Published: February 2022

Thus, analysis of the creation and development of leading US techno park structures suggests a fairly strong government support for technology parks of the country, resulting in direct subsidies, tax, depre- ciation and other incentives to companies parks, creating regional venture capital funds, guarantees on loans making laws that promote activity parks, formation of state orders for innovations.

In Ukraine, the main purpose of government support should become an effective mechanism to en- sure maximum effectiveness of technology parks and promote the development of innovation sector of the national economy. Based on the goal, the formation mechanism of state support technology parks must be focused on the integration of science, education and production; concentration of resources on priority areas of scientific and technological development; legal protection of intellectual property tech- nology parks; promotion of creative activity staff, development of international scientific cooperation.

Creating an effective mechanism for state support technology parks suggests the author’s opinion, implementation of the following measures: - law specifying the role of technology parks in the scientific and educational and innovative complex of Ukraine; - specification of financial and economic support (dir- ect budget financing free parks, expansion of assets that provide competitive grant funding, exemption from customs duties on imported equipment, providing inventors and small innovative firms interest-free bank loans, the creation of reserve funds and innovative insurance risk, tax incentives); - support person- nel;- information Security (creating a registration system performance technology parks); - monitoring of the parks.

In order to ensure effective public support for the establishment and operation techno park struc- tures deemed necessary not only to create a state of science and technology, but also the manner of draw- ing budgetary funding innovative programs and projects.
THE WAYS OF ENHANCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN INTERNATIONAL TOURIST COMPANIES
Authors: Kurdashvili Lashari
Published: February 2022

In recent years, tourism has become one of the most dynamically developing priority direction of Georgian economy. Tourism and hospitality industry attractiveness is due to the country's unique diversity of natural resources, cultural and historical monuments, sea and mountain resorts, curative mineral and thermal waters, favorable geographic location and many other positive factors. However, today's post-Soviet Georgia tourism industry is still weak and is in formation-development process. State government realized significant and positive measures to support tourism sector. Improved legal framework, introduced preferential taxes, tourism businesses became available for sale of state and bank loans, foreign investment was attracted to the winter ski resorts, hotels, holiday homes, roads and other tourism infrastructure facility constructions.

The author believes that tourism is one of the most dynamic sectors of Georgian economy in recent decades. The objectives of this foundation are: the unique natural resources, convenient geographical location and other factors, which contribute to the attractiveness of Georgia.

The paper discusses that the main condition for the development of enterprises of hospitality industry is human capital, shows that the continuous education employees of this area is an important factor in the reproduction of human capital.
Tourism, globalization and sustainable development
Authors: Aladashvili Manana
Published: February 2022

In contemporary terms, tourism is a highly complex, multifunctional, multidimensional, and dynamic category of national and international significance. Therefore, it is neces- sary to primarily consider and analyze the very concept of tourists and tourism; its essence, structure, types and forms in which it primarily exists as a social, cultural and economic phenomenon, as a practice and a science. Globalization is a relatively new concept in economics, and it refers to the opening of individual national economies to the world economy, with mutual strong co-operation with as few legal barriers as possible. sustainable development is also a recent economic concept, and it refers to the adjustment of economic development of a certain country to its natural resources, but also the resources of other countries that the respective country uses for its economic activities. The abovementioned differences in the outlook on tourism, globalization and sustainable development indicate that tourism is a very heterogeneo- us social phenomenon, and that different approaches and conclusions arise from these differences. Such activity has prompted the need for better linking of economic and po- litical systems of different countries. It is indubitable that the boost of contemporary globalization is related to economic growth and depletion of natural resources at the global level. This indicates that the globalization process in terms of energy and environmental constraints could have a self-annihilating character. Simultaneous effects of tourism, globalization process and sustainable development will significantly affect future development of overall economic and social changes worldwide.
Security issues in wireless network
Authors: Kartvelishvili Ioseb , Todua Tea
Published: February 2022

In the last period of time, security in wireless networks and quality of service, became very important and it is a subject of active researches. Communication signals which are extended in some environment can be received by someone else. Companies and individual users must recognize potentially existing problems and try to prevent them.

Every system which needs to secure has some deficiencies in it. These deficiencies or part of them can be used by attacker. subsequently, for providing security of the system it is important to consider all possible threats and attacks which can be performed against the system. security mechanisms must provide system security by considering the given threats, attacks and deficiencies.

in this article questions of security of wireless networks are discussed, it analyzes possible threats and the appro- priate mechanisms of protection. The most common forms of threats of wireless networks (non-authorised access, Denial of service, Dos and man-in-the-middle attacks) are described by its own properties and are given recommen- dations for security issue.
Poverty issue in Georgia
Authors: Kvaratskhelia Murman
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the challenges facing Georgia during economic development stabilization process is analyzed. The main issues that the article highlights are economic the globalization period. The peculiarities of transition to the principles of the market economy of the country, analysis of macroeconomic indicators, especially dynamics of GDP (gross domestic product) in recent years. In addition, the essence of economic security and the importance of the country’s security indicators such as demographic safety, economic and economic development trends, economic security, poverty level indicators, population revenue trends, relative poverty and employment issues.
PENERJEMAHAN DAFTAR SINGKATAN DALAM DOKUMEN EKSPOR IMPOR DIVISI EXIM PT FORMOSA BAG INDONESIA
Authors: Setyo Rahayu Kristina Indah , Andriani Niken
Published: February 2022

Singkatan merupakan kependekan baik berupa huruf maupun gabungan huruf yang dapat dibaca seperti kata atau dieja per huruf. Singkatan yang sama dapat memiliki kepanjangan dan arti yang berbeda pada topik  yang berbeda. Hal inipun juga ditemukan pada dokumen ekspor impor divisi Exim PT.Formosa Bag Indonesia. Sebagai divisi bagian ekspor impor, singkatan yang terdapat dalam dokumen ekspor impor tersebut banyak berkaitan mengenai kegiatan kelegalan perusahan dalam kegiatan keluar masuk barang dari dan ke luar negeri. Singkatan tersebut perlu dimengerti oleh penerjemah agar dapat membantu pihak asing (Tiongkok) untuk mengerti maksud dari singkatan dalam dokumen. Dalam menerjemahkan singkatan-singkatan dokumen penulis menggunakan metode penerjemahan yang menyesuaikan dengan topik bahasan bahasa sasaran. Kata kunci: penerjemahan; singkatan; dokumen ekspor impor
EFEKTIVITAS METODE MIND MAPPING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA MANDARIN BAGI SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA
Authors: Phanata, B.Ed, M.TCSOL Stephanie , Suci Immanuela Rahmahanani
Published: February 2022

Mind Mapping merupakan teknik pemetaan pikiran berbentuk gambar guna mempermudah menyimpan dalam memori manusia. Pada proses pembelajaran Bahasa Mandarin metode ini sangat efektif diterapkan bagi siswa karena menggabungkan seni menggambar, kompetensi menulis dan berbicara. Karakteristik mendasar yang dimiliki mind mapping sebagai konsep dari desain sebuah kerangka gagasan memiliki daya tarik yang mampu membangkitkan daya minat, memotivasi semangat, serta mempercepat proses pemahaman siswa. Unsur bermain di metode ini menjadi salah satu alasan mind mapping dipilih dan direkomendasikan oleh para pengajar untuk meningkatkan ketrampilan produktif ketika mempelajari Bahasa Mandarin. Kata Kunci: efektivitas; mind mapping; pembelajaran Bahasa Mandarin
Preliminary Data on the Taxonomic Composition and the Spatio-Seasonal Variation of the Zooplanktonic Population of Fish Ponds in Kisangani, DR Congo
Authors: Roger Lingofo Bolaya , Alidor Kankonda Busanga , Mahamoudou Sow , Alain Bolonga Bolonga , Ernest Tambwe Lukusha , Jacob Ndjaki Nsila , Eunice Musau Ntambwe
Published: February 2022

The overall objective of this study was to determine the taxonomic composition and spatial seasonal variation of the zooplankton population in fish ponds in Kisangani, DR Congo. The collection of zooplankton in fishponds was carried out using plankton nets in the Artisanal and Plateau boyoma districts for four months, two months per season. At the end of this study, 3 sub-classes, 13 families and 22 species were listed. The subclass Monogononta (Rotifers) was the best represented with 7 families and 14 species identified. On the other hand, the family Brachionidae was the richest with 6 species. The high specific richness of zooplankton according to site and season was recorded in the Artisanal district with 19 species and in the rainy season with 22 species. Thus, it should be noted that the fish ponds of Kisangani have a high specific diversity of zooplankton that can vary according to the sites and seasons. Certain species such as Tropocyclops prasinus prasinus, Moina macrocopa, Brachionus falcatus, Thermocyclops sp and Brachionus calyciflorus are more abundant than others present. However, the list of species presented is not exhaustive given the sampling period, which was only 4 months, and the collection effort, which was only carried out at two sites.
Impact of COVID-19 and Rural Health Care System: A Case Study of Nadia District in West Bengal
Authors: Bhowmik Debesh
Published: February 2022

Rural health care system is closely related with the economic growth through boosting human capital accumulation that can be able to alleviate poverty. To what extent rural health care would manage and confront with covid-19 situation in the District of Nadia under West Bengal is the central area of this article. Both the public and private medical facilities had been faced with the situation of pandemic with poor infrastructure of rural health care systems through sub-divisional hospitals, PHC, CHC, HSC and other health care units in Nadia where both success stories and failures were simultaneously evident. The state government along with NRHM must attempt to upgrade and modernize the rural health care units spending higher health expenditure and recruiting more health professionals with doctors to fight against covid-19 type of pandemic and other emergencies.
Takaful and Micro Takaful: A Key Factor of Reduction of Poverty and Undernourishment
Authors: Nafti Sawssen
Published: February 2022

This paper examines the relationship between Takaful, micro Takaful and reduction of poverty and undernourishement. Our analysis is based on a theoretical study aimed to know if Takaful is a good solution to the poverty and undernourishment problems in Islamic economy or a simple component of islamic assurance.Our study shows that Takaful is an effective solution to the problem of poverty in islamic economy in the long term, Takaful have an important role to reducing poverty risks, Without protection against losses and natural risks or protection of their persons, their life, their property and their health, many people find themselves regularly falling back into poverty which is not only prejudicial to them but also renders development assistance ineffective in the long term. Also Takaful is a good solution to reduce undernourishement in islamic economy.
أثر استراتيجية مثلث الاستماع في تحصيل مادة الجغرافية وتنمية مهارات التفكيرالعلمي لدى طلاب الصف الأول المتوسط
Authors: الكعبي أ.م.د. بلاسم كحيط حسن
Published: February 2022

يرمي البحث الحالي إلى معرفة (أثر استراتيجية مثلث الاستماع في تحصيل مادة الجغرافية و تنمية مهارات التفكير العلمي لدى طلاب الصف الاول المتوسط). وأعد الباحث لهذا الغرض اختبارين، احدهما اختبار تحصيلي، والأخر مقياس للتفكير العلمي، واعتمد الباحث في بناء الاختبار التحصيلي على (الاختبار من معتمد ذي اربعة بدائل ) و تكون من (٤٠) فقرة، يلي كل فقرة أربعة بدائل، احدها صحيحة، وتحقق الباحث من صدق الظاهريّ وصدق محتواه ، كما أعد الباحث مقياسا للتفكير العلمي، تضمن (٥) مهارات للتفكير العلمي، وهي (الملاحظة و التصنيف و الاستدلال و التعميم والتنبؤ) وهي مهارات ملائمة لمستوى طلاب العينة وتكون المقياس من (٣٦ ) فقرة موزعة على المهارات الخمس بواقع (٧) فقرات لكل مهارة، عدا مهارة واحدة (٨) فقرات، وتحقق من صدق الاختبار الظاهري وطبقه على عينة استطلاعية للتثبت من فاعلية البدائل الخاطئة وصدق الفقرات، وثبات الاختبار.