bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activated ceramic compositions with the addition of serpentinite
Authors: Enzhievskaya Irina , Vasilovskaya Nina , Savchenko Vadim
Published: October 2018

The article describes the loam of the Kubekovsky deposit of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, which is widely used in the production of ceramic bricks in factories that produce wall materials. In the studies described in the article, mechanoactivation and modification were used to improve its technological and physico-mechanical characteristics. Mechanoactivation was carried out in a hydrodynamic dispersant. As the additive-modifier used waste stoneplant serpentinites of the Perevalnoye deposit. The effect of the additive-modifier on the properties of ceramic compositions is shown. It is shown that a small amount of serpentinite up to three percent -significantly increases the compressive strength of fired ceramic samples.If the composition has an additive of more than three percent, a decrease in strength characteristics is observed, this is related, probably due to the fact that most of the magnesium oxide remains unreacted. White inclusions areobserved visually in the structure of calcined samples throughout the volume. The combined effect of mechanoactivation and modification is shown, which makes it possible to improve the technological and physicomechanical characteristics of the ceramic shard. The results of electron microscopy are presented, suggesting that the microstructure of a ceramic shard activated with the addition of serpentinite contains moremullite-rich mixed crystals, as well as devitrified areas. Inclusions of magnesium oxide are not observed. Magnesium oxide in the ceramiccomposition serves as a primer capable of making the melt more liquid,accelerating its devitrification.
Algorithm of numerical optimization of steel structures on basis of minimum weight criterion
Authors: Dmitrieva Tatiana
Published: October 2018

The description of the algorithm of steel structures optimal design is described in the article. The calculation model is represented by flat and spatial rod elements. The problem of optimization is resolved with the help of mathematical programming. The material consumption is taken as a criterion of optimality. A wide range of inspections is presented in the form of regulatory requirements for strength, rigidity and local stability. The geometry parameters of the sections are varied, as well as the external geometry of the nodes of the final element model. Both continuous and discrete variations might be possible. The algorithm is implemented in two versions: on the basis of imitating the short-term problem and with the direct reference to the target and restrictive functions at each step of optimization process. The results of the solution of the steel framework optimization problem during on-going and discrete variations of geometric parameters are presented. The solutions obtained are estimated on uniqueness.
Technological concentration sensor for ethanolamines based on an optical sensor
Authors: Maslennikov Aleksandr , Zubkov Ilya , Peskov Nikolai
Published: October 2018

The most important parameters necessary for the precise control of the separation of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine on column distillation apparatus are their initial concentrations in the mixtures fed to the columns. Currently, the use of a solid-state optical sensor, which makes it possible to determine the desired ratio in a mode close to the real-time regime. The technical parameters for the sensitivity and speed achieved by the sensor are determined in the determination of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine, as well as the sensor parameters and conditions of use, which enable the sensor to effectively solve the tasks. In particular, the concentration of the mixture of analytes in the sensor chamber is 500 mg / m3, the thickness of the sensitive coating is about 0.5 μm, the operating temperature is 45÷50 ° C, the time for one cycle of measuring the diethanolamine/triethanolamine ratio is 150 ÷ 180 seconds.
Approaches to the diagnosis of the comfort of the living environment in cities
Authors: Polyakova Nina , Zaleshin Vitaliy
Published: October 2018

The paper is devoted to the substantiation of the approach to diagnosing the comfort of the urban environment from the position of the city marketing theory, namely, based on the management and commodity concept. The latter is characterized by the obligatory consideration of interests and their interconnection of all stakeholders residents, authorities, business community, etc., and also the focus on solving both tactical and strategic tasks of the city development. An overview of the main approaches and methods for studying the comfort of the urban environment is presented. The comfort of the urban environment determines the level of urban development as a whole. Therefore, it is necessary to treat this concept as a system-forming, and not a particular one, in contrast to the position of many authors. The basis of the proposed approach is a system of criteria that collectively reflect the functional, social and psychological requirements of citizens to the comfort of their living environment.
The Strategy of Spatial Development of Russia: modernity and the legacy of the Soviet Settlement Doctrine
Authors: Meerovich Mark
Published: October 2018

The article criticizes the strategy of spatial development of Russia, legally stated in the government document “The Strategy of Spatial Development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030. A Draft Concept”, released by the Ministry of Economic Development (2016). The author argues that the Strategy only states the existing situation, but does not enumerate a set of measures that are to be undertaken to strengthen the possibility of implementing any development scenario, and does not outline the ways of making assumptions a reality. The paper proves that the postulates of the Soviet settlement doctrine and urban planning theory still deeply impact the contemporary theory and practice of territorial planning.
Ten quality criteria of the public spaces in a large city
Authors: Kozlova Ludmila , Kozlov Valery
Published: October 2018

Based on the world experience and features of the development of modern society, authors identified ten quality indicators, which are the principles of improvement and the criteria for assessing the public spaces of a large city. Based on the assessment of the distinctive public spaces of Irkutsk by these criteria have been identified qualities that require special attention in each case study and the general principles of improving the public spaces of the historic city center.
Features of modern architecture of the capital cities of the Tyumen region
Authors: Panfilov Alexander
Published: October 2018

The article considers the organization’s peculiarities of the regional architecture of the Tyumen region cities. This article contains shot materials about the features of the regional architecture in the context of its organization both for individual administrative and territorial features, and in relation to the specifics of the region’s economic and production potentials. As the most vivid example for carrying out the synthetic analysis, the capital cities of the administrative territorial units of the Tyumen region were taken: the south of the Tyumen region - Tyumen, the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District (Yugra) - Khanty-Mansiysk, the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District - Salekhard.
Investment value in determining the rental rate for the anchor tenants of a shopping center
Authors: Bocharov Sergei , Goryaninskaya Olga , Dobrydneva Tamara
Published: October 2018

The article justifies the need to determine the investment value, rather than the market value of the rental rate for the anchor tenants of a shopping center that is the most appropriate approach to the principle of the most effective use of the property.
The methodology of estimation of transport demand by the parameters of location of the mass gravitation centers in the urbanized territories
Authors: Zedgenizov Anton
Published: October 2018

The methodology of estimating transport demand by the parameters of location of the mass gravitation centers in the urbanized territories is considered in the article. The basis of the methodology is a basic scheme, conditionally divided into 4 main blocks and 17 steps. The first block is aimed at collecting primary information about the center of mass gravitation under consideration, the second one is for assessing transport demand during the daily period, the third one is necessary for assessing the quality of transport services for visitors of the considered center of mass gravity, for example, the calculation of the required number of parking slots or throughput, and confusing intersections. The fourth block is necessary for estimating the transport capacity of the calculation areas, and is the source of the initial data for transport planning at the second stage (trip distribution). It is also proposed to assess the accuracy of the proposed methodology on the basis of comparing the calculated values of the intensity of transport streams on the city’s network with the actual ones. On average, the deviation was 11%, which seems to be an acceptable accuracy for enlarged transport calculations.
Biodiversity of flora and fauna of the territory allocated for carrying out construction work for the reconstruction of Highway 217 of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Authors: Latushkina Elena , Thuy Tao Thi Chung
Published: October 2018

The sresearch is devoted to the study of the biological diversity of the anthropogenically transformed territory, the 217 Highway of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. This highway crosses the northern part of the country from west to east. It is of great strategic importance, since it is the link of many settlements of the country. Along with this, the western section of the road, from 107 to 195 km, requires construction work. Reconstruction of the highway will lead to a whole complex of environmental impacts on the natural environment. The assessment of the impact of anthropogenic object, namely the 217 Highway on the environment during the reconstruction and operational phase requires updating of existing data on the biological diversity of the territory located 40-50 meters from each side of the western section of the 217 Highway. The data obtained from the results of our own observations, the analysis of the available materials of descriptive ecology, surveys of local people, hunters, and forestry workers made it possible to clarify the available information on the species diversity of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Species diversity of agricultural ecosystems is characterized by poverty caused by human economic activity. Together with this, the withdrawal of agricultural land for the construction of a highway will result in the death of 31342 individuals of fruit and forest trees in the province of Ba Thyok and 68424 individuals of trees and shrubs in the province of Kuang Shon. The biological diversity of natural ecosystems is much richer. However, the influence of the highway can contribute to the inhibition of plants, contribute to the dissection of the habitat of animals and their death.
Modelling hydraulic regimes of pipeline systems using the theory of hydraulic circuits in the Internet
Authors: Mikhailovsky Yegor
Published: October 2018

Along with a brief description of the main problems of pipeline systems (water, gas, heat, fire extinguishing), it is claimed that the energy and resource saving reserves available here can, to a large extent, be implemented through the rational organization of hydraulic operating modes using modern methods of mathematical and computer modelling. The paper reviews the software and computing complex of the new generation. The complex provides the possibility of remote application of effective methods for calculating modes. The principles of the complex implementation ensure the execution of calculations anytime, anywhere, and with any number of users with a connection to the global Internet and a standard web browser. The paper briefly outlines the technologies that form the basis of such complex, as well as its user capabilities and computational characteristics. Results of the pilot industrial operation of the complex are also described. The complex is potentially applicable in different industries (energy, housing and utilities, construction, etc.) and spheres of activity (design, operation, research, training). It would be also useful to the specialists of different levels (engineers, researchers, graduate students, etc.).
Aqua-territorial production complexes of the Arctic zone as a new type of real estate in contemporary Russia
Authors: Sarchenko Vladimir
Published: October 2018

The paper is devoted to the identification of basic requirements for the formation of a new type of real estate in the Arctic zone of Russia. Based on the review of aqua-territorial production complexes and the evaluation of the prospects for their expansion, the resource potential for sustainable development of the national economy can be substantially adjusted. This predetermines their prospective advantage. The need for a parallel solution of the environmental issues is a peculiarity of the strategic approaches to the development of the Arctic spaces. In this regard, the potential of the Arctic in scientific research in this area is being actualized. In addition, the Arctic is the most important region in the world for studying climate change and its consequences. Taking into account the attention paid to this topic in the leading countries and the likely amount of damage due to the global warming, large-scale complex climate studies can turn into a full-fledged branch of the economy, which together with investment construction projects of the point development allows the Russian innovation cluster to take the advanced positions in the world. Considering domestic experience in implementing investment construction projects in the extreme conditions of the North and Siberia, it is advisable to focus investments in the development of aqua-territorial production complexes, the features of which are presented in the article. Their study allows formulating basic requirements for the implementation mechanisms for the projects of the Arctic zones development.
Trends in demand on the organic food market in the European countries
Authors: Nechaev Vasily , Mikhailushkin Pavel , Alieva Alina
Published: October 2018

The sector of organic agriculture is attractive for investment, and the organic food market demonstrates a dynamic growth. The article suggests methodological approaches to the analysis of demand trends on the organic food market based on the use of growth curves. The dynamics of changes in the consumption of organic products per capita is characterized by a sequential single passage of the stages of development (growth), the achievement of maximum indicators (saturation), recessions, and cessation of existence. As the main factors determining the rate of development and the potential consumption of organic food products per capita, the level of incomes and life of the population was considered. The potential consumption of organic food products per capita in different countries is grounded, taking into account these factors. Based on the analysis of the functions of the growth rates of the per capita demand for organic food products derived from the estimated demand growth curves, the stages of the life cycle of organic food products on the European markets were analyzed, and the exhaustion of the potential demand for organic products in all considered countries except Britain was identified. It is expected that the further expansion of organic food production in the European producer countries will be facilitated by the reorientation to new markets actively importing this product (China, Russia, Japan, and Singapore).
Theoretical bases and approaches to increase of investment attractiveness of a building complex
Authors: Kudryavtseva Vera
Published: October 2018

By its investment capacity and the range of social tissues to be solved, the construction industry is the most demanded by the state and society. The leading role of the construction complex is also determined by the fact that the final results can be achieved through analyzing the investment and construction complex in its regional aspect and implementing investment and construction programs and projects at the federal and regional levels. In this regard, the development of mechanisms to attract investment and ways to manage investment processes in the construction industry is the most important direction of the policy of the state and regional authorities. In this regard, it is required to clearly define and clarify the role of the regions in developing investment policies in order to increase the attractiveness of the regions’ economy for investing in the long-term perspective, since investments are the stimulus for the economic development of industries. Investments in the construction complex should become the basis for bringing the industry to a new level of development, combining public, social, and commercial interests. The investment component helps to determine the volume, structure, and sources of financing for construction projects. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an econometric assessment of the territories in terms of investment and construction volumes.
Risk assessment and management in the implementation of projects in the rocket and space complex on the basis of commercial effectiveness principles
Authors: Sobol Alexander , Fadeev Oleg
Published: October 2018

The paper discusses the possibility of implementing projects in the rocket and space complex on the principles of commercial efficiency without support coming from the government. In the paper, project risks in the implementation of projects in the rocket and space complex are classified. A comprehensive assessment of activities on project risks that can be applied in the rocket and space complex are also described. The paper also develops stages of managing project risks in commercial projects of the rocket and space complex, as well as a scheme of monitoring risks for commercial projects. The paper concludes that it is possible to implement projects in the rocket and space complex without government support using an effective system of risk assessment and management.
Restructuring of the regional investment and construction complex
Authors: Kaverzina Ludmila
Published: October 2018

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need for structural reforms in the regional investment and construction complex, caused by the transition of the Russian economy to an innovative way of development. The purpose of this study is to improve the mechanism for restructuring of the regional investment and construction complex, and to develop a step-by-step model for its implementation. Based on the analysis of the state of the regional investment and construction complex, factors that adversely impact the efficiency of innovation processes in the regional economy and issues that hamper development of the regional investment and construction complex are revealed. A mechanism for restructuring of the regional investment and construction complex has been developed, which includes five interrelated elements: target functions, links of the mechanism, and normative, strategic and operational subsystems that allow reflecting the transformations implemented in the regional economy as a whole, and in the investment and construction complex of the region in particular. A step-by-step model for the restructuring of the regional investment construction complex is proposed, the practical use of which will improve the performance of the investment and construction complex, the enterprises that make up its structure, as well as the indicators of the region’s economic development as a whole. A system of equations is proposed, with the help of which it is possible to describe changes in interaction with the economy of a particular region in the regional investment and construction complex and the enterprises that make it up. In the work, methods of systemic analysis and tools of mathematical statistics and economic and mathematical modeling have been used.
Developing the system of municipal property management of the city of Irkutsk: using the mechanisms of municipal-private partnership
Authors: Yamshchikova Irina , Bobrova Elena
Published: October 2018

The authors have performed economic and statistical analysis of dynamics of income from the use and sale of municipal property in the city of Irkutsk in the structure of non-tax revenue of local budget, and identified key problems impeding effective management and disposal of municipal property in Irkutsk. They proposed perspective directions of solution of the identified issues, including expanding of sphere and practice of use of mechanisms of municipal-private partnerships in the management of municipal property. The major issues impeding implementation and development of mechanisms of municipal-private partnership on the concession terms on the territory of Irkutsk have been identified, and prospective directions of their development suggested. Necessity of work to be carried out by local bodies on development of methodological materials containing basic requirements and practical tools on preparation and implementation of projects of municipal-private partnership on the concession terms is justified in the paper, including a legal model, a technical model, and a financial and economic (financial) model. The authors proposed using indicators of socio-economic effectiveness of implementation in the framework of financial and economic model of concession projects.
The problems of application of the laws on regulated purchases No. 44-FZ and No. 223-FZ when reorganizing legal entities
Authors: Peshkov Vitaliy , Doroshenko Tatiana , Sukhanova Irina
Published: October 2018

The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems of applying the laws on regulated purchases No. 44-FZ and No. 223-FZ when reorganizing legal entities on the example of transformation of a unitary enterprise into a joint-stock company. The subject of this research is the system of regulated procurement by certain types of legal entities, and purchases implemented within the contract system of the Russian Federation. The subject of the study is the organization of the procurement system by the customer during the transition from the rules established by the Law No. 44-FZ to the rules established by the Law No. 223-FZ (and vice versa). To achieve this purpose, the following research objectives are set: 1) to analyze the issues occurring during the transition period when reorganizing legal entities; 2) to systematize the results of the research; 3) to suggest measures to improve the process of changing the system of regulated purchases by the customer. The authors studied the issues of applying the laws on regulated purchases No. 44-FZ and No. 223-FZ when reorganizing legal entities, as well as when changing normative regulation as referred to the procurement system used by a legal entity. The analysis of the process of reorganization of a unitary enterprise into a joint-stock company in the form of transformation regarding the transition from the Law No. 44-FZ to the Law No. 223-FZ has been conducted, issues identified and a set of recommendations for their solution developed.
A study for differences between different design drawing programs in sheet metal design
Authors: Huang Yu-Che , Yeh Tien-Chaun
Published: October 2018

Most appearance and structure design has always been based on the product processing technology as the spindle, in general; sheet metal design changes in the appearance of the structure is based mainly on the basic structure of products and processing technology as the main core, and the appearance of manufacturing more Mechanical sheet metal, so most designers will use different design procedures to draw 3D graphics in the assembly or disassembly of parts, but different drawing procedures will affect the future assembly and disassembly of the design. In this study, we will compare two different models by building a model program using two different sheet metal structure drawings to present the problems that may be encountered in sheet metal design through a specific design flow. Through a real 3D drawing and design case, 3D graphics design flow, and finally through a design case to do a verification, to provide a reference for the future design.
Investigation on influence of cutting parameters on spindle vibration of CNC wood milling machine
Authors: Van Thuy Tran , Nguyen Huu Loc
Published: October 2018

In machining operation, the cutting parameters greatly influences on the spindle vibration of a CNC wood milling machine. The paper presents the effect of the cutting parameters such as feed rate, cutting speed, and cutting depth on the vibration amplitude of the spindle when machined on CNC milling machine using Box-Hunter method of experimentation. The lowest natural frequency of this machine is 250 Hz. Experimental results have established a second-order regression equation that demonstrates the effect of three parameters such as feed rate, cutting speed, and cutting depth on the vibration amplitude of the spindle. From that base, determine the most reasonable cutting parameters when machining on CNC wood milling machines so that the spindle vibration amplitudes is minimal. In addition, The comparison results show that the spindle head vibration amplitude of the machine using the bolt joint is larger than the spindle head vibration amplitude of the machine using the weld joint.
Determining Optimal Gear Ratios of a Two-stage Helical Reducer for Getting Minimal Acreage of Cross Section
Authors: Tuan Nguyen Khac , Pi Vu Ngoc , Thi Hong Cam Nguyen , Thao Tran Thi Phuong , Thanh Ho Ky , Hung Le Xuan , Tham Hoang Thi
Published: October 2018

This article introduces a study on the optimal calculation of gear ratios of a two-stage helical reducer. In the study, the acreage of the cross section of the reducer was chosen as the objective function of the optimization problem. Also, the design equation for pitting resistance of a gear set was investigated. Furthermore, the equations on moment equilibrium condition of a two-stage helical reducer and their regular resistance condition were analysed. A computer program was performed to determine the optimal partial transmission ratios for getting the minimal acreage of the cross section of the system. From the results of the computer program, two models for determining the optimal gear ratios of a two-stage reducer were proposed. Using these models, the gear ratios can be calculated accurately in a simple way.
A Review of Process Parameters That Effect to Extrusion on Demand
Authors: Pitayachaval Paphakorn , Baothong Thanakhan
Published: October 2018

An additive Manufacturing (AM) process has been introduced to fabricate three-dimension objects from liquid polymers and powder particles e.g. polymers and metals, this process has been also applied to fabricate three-dimension ceramic objects called paste materials which compose of liquid and solid components. To build additive model, the paste material is extruded via pressure force through the nozzle by using ram extrusion, then the model is constructed layer-by-layer on the table to form designed shape. To improve a capability of extrusion process, the Extrusion On Demand (EOD), that refers to the ability of paste extrusion to regulate start and stop, has been developed to improve an accuracy of material deposition. This paper presents a review of process parameters that effect to extrusion on demand such as ram velocity, Dwell time, paste property and extrusion mechanisms.
A High Degree of Cleanliness of the Electric Air Supply Valve Design
Authors: Hu Luo
Published: October 2018

This paper discuss an new type servo valve, aiming at two main defects of performance of globe valve which are commonly used in mine safety cabins in China, in order to bring up a better solution to replace old valves. On one hand, most of globe valves are manual ball valves whose oxygen content cannot be accurately controlled and can only be estimated by human respiratory sense, ended in large errors[1]. On the other hand, although in market there is oxygen-concentration test equipment, the separation of valve components and manual control switch, leads to complicated procedures and management inconvenience. For solving these problems, an innovative valve mechanical structure is designed, with its servo system bringing up. The proportional valve measures the room oxygen concentration in real time, closed-loop controlling of electric valve-opening, so that the concentration of oxygen in the ambient air is maintained at a desired level. The principle of this implementation is that an explosion-proof motor drives the roller cam to convert valve core into reciprocating linear motion, separating O-ring and valve body end-face to control valve core achieving the opening and closing functions. Since there is no relative motion between O-ring and valve body, it definitely avoids problems of uncontrollable particles caused by abrasion and ensures a high cleanliness of flow path. In addition, electric servo valve controls the precise oxygen concentration, automatically. Compared with manual air supply valve, this valve has advantages of high cleanliness, reliable sealing, easy assembly, maintenance, and automation. It provides a new technical approach for design of special industrial and mining value.
Simulation and Experimental Study on Flow and Heat Transfer of Ship Central Cooling System
Authors: Fang Chao , Cai Biao-hua , Ma Shi-hua , Li Bin
Published: October 2018

The centralized cooling system of a certain type of oil ship is a large-scale complex fluid network system. Fluid system simulation software (FLOWMASTER) was used to establish simulation model for steady operating conditions. The design of central cooling system was validated reasonably by simulation in steady-state condition. In this paper, the flow and heat transfer experiment was carried out. The experimental results were in good agreement with the simulation results, which suggested that using FLOWMASTER to validate the heat transfer performance of fluid system is reliable.
Universal Impulse Noise Suppression Using Extended Efficient Nonparametric Switching Median Filter
Authors: Suid M. H. , Ahmad M. A. , Hanif M. I. F. M. , Tumari M. Z. , Saealal M. S.
Published: October 2018

This paper presents a filtering algorithm called extended efficient nonparametric switching median (EENPSM) filter. The proposed filter is composed of a nonparametric easy to implement impulse noise detector and a recursive pixel restoration technique. Initially, the impulse detector classifies any possible impulsive noise pixels. Subsequently, the filtering phase replaces the detected noise pixels. In addition, the filtering phase employs fuzzy reasoning to deal with uncertainties present in local information. Contrary to the existing conventional filters that only focus on a particular impulse noise model, the EENPSM filter is capable of filtering all kinds of impulse noise (i.e. the random-valued and/or fixed-valued impulse noise models). Extensive qualitative and quantitative evaluations have shown that the EENPSM method performs better than some of the existing methods by giving better filtering performance.
Approximation properties of a new generalized Bernstein-Kantorovich operators
Authors: Lian Bo-yong
Published: October 2018

By means of construction of suitable functions and the method of Bojanic-Cheng, the author gives the rate of convergence of a new generalized Bernstein-Kantorovich operators for some absolutely continuous functions.
Plant Layout and Simulation Roaming System based on Virtual Reality Technology
Authors: Dong Liang , Wang Zhifeng
Published: October 2018

The layout and roaming of machinery and equipment in the workshop is an important development direction of intelligent manufacturing. In this paper, the general process of developing an intelligent factory system are put forward. The 3D models of various kinds of mechanical equipment are established. The textures and maps of the model are processed. The virtual simulation engine is used to establish the workshop map. The roaming work of the virtual workshop is developed based on the map. The space layout of the mechanical equipment and the machine tool simulation cutting system are developed. Comparing with the traditional simulation software, this system takes shorter period of development and achieves better visualization. And combined with the virtual reality technology makes this system more creative.
The Lean Management of Spare Parts in Automotive Manufacturing
Authors: Guo Dongdong , Yu Xingwu
Published: October 2018

Spare part management is one of the most important work for enterprises, especially for manufacturing enterprises; however, the spare part management problems trouble enterprise operators a lot. In this article, implementation methods of lean spare parts management are illuminated. Spare parts purchase process is declared to reduce the purchasing cost and inventory value. We had established a suitable lean spare parts inventory management model for consumable parts, wear parts, insurance parts and accident parts. In addition, methods of lean spare parts management had been created base on optimized supply chain, ERP and integrating repeated material inventory. We used SAP-iPro system and self-developed system to manage spare parts, so that warehouse management process, spare parts purchase process and maintenance process are standardized. According to theory analysis and practice, the remarkable economic benefit is created for enterprise by the means of optimizing spare parts distribution, standardizing and scientific spare parts management.
Product innovations of key economic importance for the steel industry
Authors: Birat Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2018

Steel and materials in general entertain a special connection with time and therefore with innovation. Indeed, steel has been around for more than 4 millennia and is still innovating, which demonstrates both a status of socio-economic invariance and a cumulative innovation process, which deeply differs from the status of the “high-tech” consumer products, which are considered today as highly innovative. This is a complex situation, which is best described by telling various narratives from the standpoint of history, innovation management, sustainability, economy and business, with both long and short times perspectives. The Historian’s perspective insists on slow time, especially as regards innovation, in which steel took part. Steel and steel production technology have thus accompanied society in its long journey through time since the Neolithic, Roman and Celtic times, the Middle Ages, Modern Times and Industrial Revolutions. Today, the technological episteme seems to be frozen in a stasis that has been rolling out global steelmills across the world and most recently in China. The present technological paradigm was built under the pull of the social and economic drivers which have led to the geopolitical world as it is today. Innovation today, continues, but not visibly at the level of process engineering, but regarding metallurgy and material science, thus exploring the deep connection of steels with specific and always changing applications. Regarding process engineering, however, the on-going economic transitions, i.e. the energy, ecology and digitization transitions, may awaken Sleeping Beauty’s castle and relaunch a new series of paradigm shifts in making steel. Low-carbon technologies are being explored to meet the Climate Change challenge, which may rekindle the sustainability innovation driver. And a reexamination of the scale at which steel is made might possibly stem from Additive Manufacturing, although this is still a weak signal as far as steel is concerned.
Improvement of hot ductility of C-Mn Steel containing arsenic by rare earth Ce
Authors: Xin Wenbin , Zhang Jing , Luo Guoping , Wang Ruifen , Meng Qingyong , Song Bo
Published: October 2018

The effect of different Ce content on the hot ductility of C-Mn steel containing arsenic was investigated at the temperature ranging from 700 to 1100 °C conducting Gleebel-1500 thermal-mechanical simulator. The reduction of area (RA%) was used to evaluate the hot ductility. The 0.16 mass% As widened the ductility trough range and especially, decreased the RA value at 850–950 °C. Conversely, adding Ce in the steel could remedy the arsenic-induced hot ductility deterioration. Moreover, with the increase of Ce content from 0 to 0.035 mass%, the RA value at 800–950 °C significantly increased, compared to that of the arsenic steel. When the content of Ce reached 0.027–0.035 mass%, the RA value at 800–850 °C was even higher than that of steel without As. Besides, the corresponding fracture morphology was changed from intergranular feature to ductile and/or interdendritic feature. Grain refinement by Ce addition, the formation of arsenious rare earth inclusions and grain boundary segregation of Ce were considered to improve the hot ductility of the steel containing As.
Non-invasive in vivo methods to measure lipidic formulae efficacy at the skin surface: advantages and limits
Authors: Prestat-Marquis Elodie
Published: October 2018

Lipids are major ingredients in cosmetics and play an essential role in cosmetics ability to improve skin, hair, nail and mucuous membranes aspect, sensory qualities and function, either by interacting with skin components, enhancing active ingredient release or by spreading and forming a protective layer on its surface. Measuring lipids efficacy to the skin is possible through a wide range of non-invasive clinical and instrumental methods. Measurements of sebum, temperature, hydration, transepidermal water loss, skin surface topography, skin firmness, elasticity, color enable to assess the lipids ability to protect the skin, hair and mucuous membrane (from pollution, cold, chemical aggression, dehydration), restore stratum corneum barrier function, improve cutaneous visco-elastic properties and surface characteristics, enhance skin or hair sensory qualities (softness, smoothness) or look (radiance, shine), nourish dry skins and mucuous membranes or help sooth sensitive ones. We explored the advantages and limits of these methods.
Grasp heuristic for time series compression with piecewise aggregate approximation
Authors: Siyou Fotso Vanel Steve , Mephu Nguifo Engelbert , Vaslin Philippe
Published: October 2018

The Piecewise Aggregate Approximation (PAA) is widely used in time series data mining because it allows to discretize, to reduce the length of time series and it is used as a subroutine by algorithms for patterns discovery, indexing, and classification of time series. However, it requires setting one parameter: the number of segments to consider during the discretization. The optimal parameter value is highly data dependent in particular on large time series. This paper presents a heuristic for time series compression with PAA which minimizes the loss of information. The heuristic is built upon the well known metaheuristic GRASP and strengthened with an inclusion of specific global search component. An extensive experimental evaluation on several time series datasets demonstrated its efficiency and effectiveness in terms of compression ratio, compression interpretability and classification.
Patient-Specific Restoration of Biomechanics in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Weber Markus , Grifka Joachim , Renkawitz Tobias
Published: October 2018

Eine exakte Rekonstruktion der Biomechanik ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil in der Hüftendoprothetik für eine gute postoperative Beweglichkeit und Stabilität des Kunstgelenks. Die präoperative Planung des Beinlängen- und Offsetausgleichs wird üblicherweise auf größenskalierten konventionellen Röntgenbildern durchgeführt, die jedoch durch die zweidimensionale Projektion der Gefahr von Fehlberechnungen unterliegen. Insbesondere das femorale Offset wird dabei häufig unterschätzt. Bei der Rekonstruktionsgenauigkeit von Beinlänge und Offset sollten Unterschiede von über 1 cm postoperativ vermieden werden. Analysen der Gangkinematik zeigen jedoch bereits Veränderungen im Gangmuster bei Beinlängen- und Offsetunterschieden von über 5 mm. Neben einer Vielzahl anderer Methoden eignen sich zur intraoperativen Umsetzung der Beinlängen- und Offsetrekonstruktion sowohl die bildfreie Navigation als auch die Fluoroskopie. Eine Abschätzung der Schafttorsion der einliegenden Endoprothese ist neben des Goldstandards CT auch auf konventionellen Röntgenaufnahmen mithilfe der Bestimmung des projizierten CCD-Winkels möglich. Als prädiktiver Parameter eignet sich die Isthmus-Ratio (iRatio), um bereits präoperativ nativradiologisch einen Hinweis der intraoperativ zu erwartenden Schafttorsion zu erhalten. Die Größe des Trochanter minor hilft, eine Abschätzung der nativen Torsion des Femurs treffen zu können.
Heterotopic Ossification – Complication or Chance?
Authors: Roessler Philip Peter , Bornemann Rahel , Jacobs Cornelius , Pflugmacher Robert , Trost Matthias , Hölscher-Doht Stefanie , Jansen Hendrik , Frey Sönke Percy
Published: October 2018

Bislang gibt es keine eindeutigen Erklärungen der pathophysiologischen Zusammenhänge in der Entstehung der heterotopen Ossifikation (HO). Es gibt nur wenig experimentelle Daten, die sich mit der posttraumatischen Entzündungsreaktion in Bezug auf die Balance zwischen der Reparatur beschädigter Muskelzellen und der entgegengesetzten Reaktion bei ihrer Entstehung beschäftigen. Es gibt zahlreiche Hinweise in Bezug auf mögliche prädisponierende Faktoren wie das Vorliegen einer Hypoxie im umgebenden Gewebe oder die Funktion von proangiogenen (z. B. VEGF) und osteoinduktiven (z. B. BMP) Faktoren. Diese verschiedenen wissenschaftlichen Ansätze bieten die Möglichkeit, klinisch zu interventionieren. Aus unserer Sicht erscheint das frühe Eingreifen im Hinblick auf die Effektivität sowie das Wiederkehren der HO am sinnvollsten. Ein wichtiger Pathomechanismus scheint die chronische Inflammation zu sein. Derzeit sind die nicht steroidalen Antiphlogistika die am häufigsten verschriebenen Medikamente zur Prophylaxe. Die Effektivität und Wirksamkeit der nicht steroidalen Antiphlogistika ist nicht zuletzt auch durch die zeitlich begrenzte Freisetzung und das Nebenwirkungspotenzial limitiert. Daher ist es interessant, einen Fokus der zukünftigen Forschung in Richtung des Zusammenspiels zwischen immunsuppressiver Herunterregulierung der inflammatorischen Antwort sowie deren Effekt auf die Balance zwischen Muskelregeneration und Entstehung der HO zu richten.
BK 2108 – The Calculation of the Normalized Relative Lumbar Disc Height
Authors: Schwarze Martin , Schiltenwolf Marcus
Published: October 2018

The assessment of the medical conditions (liability-compliant causality) of the BK 2108 is a frequent assessment, which poses a challenge to the medical expert in orthopaedics and trauma surgery. In assessing the load-consistent damage pattern, defined changes in the intervertebral discs as well as the adjacent vertebral bodies must be comprehended in a standardised manner. Of several technical measuring methods, three practicable methods are discussed and their application explained. Thus, methods are provided which allow the medical expert to calculate the normalised relative disc height. In this way, the specifications of the consensus recommendations can be met in order to define the damage profile.
Disorders of Consciousness: Ethical Issues of Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognostication
Authors: Septien Spencer , Rubin Michael
Published: October 2018

Consciousness defines our humanity more than any other biologic phenomena that a clinician might be called upon to examine, diagnose, or treat. When family comes to the bedside of a patient, they hope to find them talking, thinking, and feeling. The complexity of consciousness allows an expansive gradation of dysfunction such that we must consider numerous potential insults, possible interventions, and often an unknown likelihood of recovery. As value-laden questions are more often in the hands of surrogate decision makers, the neurologist is given the herculean task of not only diagnosing and treating alterations of consciousness but also predicting the likely course of the disease to empower surrogates to make a choice most consistent with the preferences of the patient. The degree of uncertainty in the diagnosis and prognosis demands that the clinician consider the ethics of the diagnosis, treatment, and prognostication of disorders of consciousness. Expectations of acute and chronic care, the extent of the formal neurological investigation, the potential of therapeutic trials, the self-fulfilling prophecy that can occur with prognostication, and the challenges of shared decision making are all subjects that we explore.
Contentious Ethical and Legal Aspects of Determination of Brain Death
Authors: Lewis Ariane
Published: October 2018

Although the concept of death by neurologic criteria is accepted throughout much of the world and death can legally be determined by neurologic criteria throughout the United States, the process is fraught with contentious ethical and legal controversies. I explore historic and contemporary ethical and legal disputes about determination of death by neurologic criteria including the need for consent from patients' surrogates prior to determination of death, the role of religion in determination of death, management of objections to determination of death by neurologic criteria, the approach to patients who are dead by neurologic criteria but are pregnant, and gamete retrieval after determination of death.
Informed Consent for the Human Research Subject with a Neurologic Disorder
Authors: Vaishnav Neil , Chiong Winston
Published: October 2018

The doctrine of informed consent sits at the intersection of law, ethics, and neuroscience, posing unique challenges for human subject research involving neurological patients. These challenges are compounded by the variegated nature of both neurological injury and the law governing research consent. This article provides a framework for investigators likely to encounter subjects with some degree of neurological impairment, whose capacity to consent requires scrupulous assessment prior to enrollment in research trials. We consider several researches and disease contexts—from emergency epilepsy research to long-term dementia research—and clarify the ethical and legal principles governing consent for participation in each. We additionally explore empirical research on consent capacity and survey several areas of emerging ethical import that will require the attention of investigators in decades to come.
Physician-Hastened-Death in Patients with Progressive Neurodegenerative or Neuromuscular Disorders
Authors: Russell James
Published: October 2018

Physician-hastened-death remains a controversial topic for patients and those who care for them. It is a particularly relevant topic for neurologists who currently, or will in the future, reside in jurisdictions where physician-hastened-death is legal. In this article, I attempt to provide a comprehensive and contemporary discussion of hastened-death issues in a measured and respectful fashion. My goal is to provide clinicians with the information necessary to mold their own judgment and conscience in preparation for a time in which one or more of their patients request their participation in physician-hastened-death.