bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH OF WIND POWER DEVICES WITH RECONFIGURABLE WINDINGS
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Sattarov Robert R. , Makhiyanov Arthur V. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University
Published: May 2024

Relevance Due to the growing demand for electricity and the reduction in reserves of traditional energy sources, energy conservation and the use of alternative sources are becoming increasingly important. Wind energy is an important growth industry in the production of electricity from renewable wind energy, playing an important role in diversifying energy sources and reducing dependence on the unstable political and economic factors associated with the extraction and transportation of fossil fuels. Wind energy, from a scientific point of view, is a field of science and technology that develops the theoretical foundations, methods and means of using wind energy. To convert the kinetic energy of the wind flow into mechanical energy of rotation of the generator rotor with its subsequent conversion into electrical energy, wind power plants of various configurations are used, installed in open areas where the wind has a suitable speed for generating electricity. Of particular interest to researchers, engineers and the public around the world is the issue of developing new wind power plants and improving existing ones. Thus, wind energy has great interest in the modern world, representing an important and promising option for diversifying the energy system, reducing environmental pollution and providing a sustainable and economically attractive source of energy for future generations. Aim of research To study the operating modes at low and normal wind speeds of a wind power system model based on two magnetoelectric generators with reconfigurable windings in the Matlab application package (Simscape). Research methods Simulation of operating modes at low and normal wind speeds of a wind energy system based on two magnetoelectric generators with reconfigurable windings in the Matlab application package (Simscape). Results A study was carried out of the operating modes at low and normal wind speeds of a wind energy system based on two magnetoelectric generators with reconfigurable windings in the Matlab application package (Simscape). This voltage regulation method can provide the ability to stabilize voltage and maintain high efficiency at an acceptable level over a wider range of low and normal wind speeds.
MODELING OF SINGLE-PHASE GROUND FAULT IN POWER LINES WITH ISOLATED NEUTRAL ON A MODULAR LABORATORY SYSTEM
Authors:   Industrial University of Tyumen, Sidorov Sergei V. , Sushkov Valery V. ,   Nizhnevartovsk State University, Sukhachev Ilya S. ,   Industrial University of Tyumen
Published: May 2024

Relevance The work is devoted to solving the problem of increasing the accuracy of single-phase ground fault location in electrical networks with isolated neutral by the method developed by the authors. In order to prevent damage to electrical equipment and disruption of normal operation of consumers of electrical energy, approbation of the method by testing on the existing electrical network is replaced by field experiments on the developed modular laboratory system. Aim of research To carry out on the modular laboratory system approbation of the method of determining the place of single-phase earth fault of the electric network with isolated neutral and to determine its error. Research methods In this paper, Fourier analysis of signal timeseries array and full-scale modeling of the transmission line is applied. Results The method of determining the distance to the place of single-phase ground fault has been tested on the developed modular laboratory system. Oscillograms were obtained, stored as signal timeseries array with 20 μs interval. The frequency response of the voltage signal at the end of the transmission line during a single-phase ground fault of the damaged phase was constructed by applying the direct Fourier transform to the stored array of instantaneous values of currents and voltages. The analysis of the frequency response of the current and voltage signal at the end of the transmission line at single-phase ground fault of the damaged phase of the transmission line module showed that the distance to the fault location from the end of the line is , which corresponds to the real fault location with error.
Acciones climáticas frente a la sequía severa: el caso de comunidades rurales costeras del Chile central
Authors: Reyes-García Pedro , Jofré David
Published: May 2024

En el presente artículo se describen las percepciones y acciones que realizan habitantes rurales frente a la severa sequía y al cambio climático que afectan la zona central de Chile. Para ello se escogieron Santa Julia y Valle Alegre, dos localidades de agricultura familiar en la comuna costera de Quintero, perjudicadas por una prolongada sequía en las últimas décadas y cuya ubicación está próxima a varias industrias contaminantes. Se aplica el modelo teórico de sense-making para explicar los problemas que enfrentan estas personas en sus vidas diarias y cómo intentan resolverlos buscando información mediante sus propios recursos, en sus comunidades y con el apoyo de entidades estatales y privadas. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad entre noviembre y diciembre de 2021 a 13 informantes de ambas localidades. Los hallazgos muestran que la sequía prolongada produce problemas tanto en sus actividades agropecuarias como en su vida comunitaria y familiar. En la búsqueda de soluciones estas personas se enfrentan a una desarticulación comunitaria que dificulta acciones colectivas, y desconfían de las ayudas que puedan brindar empresas locales y vecinos. Se constata un sentimiento de inseguridad respecto al futuro, con la esperanza puesta en el eventual regreso de las lluvias estacionales, mientras se adaptan y mitigan impactos ambientales con el apoyo de algunas instituciones públicas e internacionales y mediante la aplicación de innovaciones agrícolas.
Gourmetización y gentrificación: paisajes alimentarios desde la ciudad hasta el campo
Authors: Di Virgilio María Mercedes , Frisch María Agustina , González Sara , Grenoville Sebastián , Hernández Candela , Nussbaumer Beatriz , Vega-Barbero José Manuel
Published: May 2024

El presente artículo busca contribuir al desarrollo y consolidación de los estudios sobre la gourmetización y la gentrificación alimentaria, enfatizando los efectos que estos procesos tienen en ámbitos que exceden a la vida urbana. En ese marco, se propone recuperar los engranajes de la cadena de valor y sus localizaciones –desde los barrios gentrificados hasta las comunidades rurales agrícolas–, indicando los procesos de valorización y desvalorización y cómo estos afectan de forma desigual a los actores involucrados. Se enfatiza sobre este punto, estableciendo un diálogo interdisciplinar. A partir de una revisión bibliográfica, el artículo se basa en cuatro casos que se recuperan de fuentes secundarias y que ilustran la forma en la que operan estos procesos en distintos niveles, territorios y escalas: el café de autor en cuanto símbolo de distinción en los barrios gentrificados; la palta o aguacate a partir de su manifestación gastronómica en el avocado toast; el vino, desde la turistificación de su producción hasta las estrategias de valorización en su consumo urbano; y la quinoa desde el patentamiento de nuevas variedades hasta el desarrollo de mercados expulsivos de amplios sectores de población. Se concluye que el auge de estos alimentos tiene efectos de acumulación del capital por desposesión en los ámbitos rural y urbano al igual que en los procesos de producción y de consumo.
A Stochastic Frontier Analysis of the Performance of Livestock in the North-Eastern Cape Communal Rangelands, South Africa
Authors: Gusha B. , Palmer A.R. , Renato A.V.
Published: May 2024

This paper examined the technical efficiency of livestock in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, to improve the understanding of the performance of livestock production of rural households in the communal rangelands. Surveys from 120 households were used to estimate a stochastic frontier model to assess livestock production's technical efficiency (TE) amongst households in a communal production environment where rangelands are the primary source of fodder. The estimated coefficients of the stochastic frontier model indicated that livestock units (LSU) and costs of additional feed supplements positively influenced livestock output per household.  Management practices such as livestock kraaling and livestock herding influenced TE positively. An average technical efficiency score of 0.79 was estimated among households, suggesting that an improvement in efficiency could be achieved if proper interventions were employed. These interventions may include programmes such as the Extended Public Work Programmes to provide livestock herding support, gender-sensitive strategies that support the inclusion of women in livestock production, and other labour inputs related to animal husbandry. Lastly, this study provided essential information in understanding livestock production and informed policy about possible interventions that could potentially improve livestock production in rangelands.
The Potential Social Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Agricultural Households in South Africa: An Integrative Review
Authors: Zantsi S. , Nengovhela R.
Published: May 2024

This article attempts to establish a synergy between two strands of literature. On the one hand, the findings focused on the elderly, who had already been suffering from mild illnesses and comorbidities, and the poor and rural dwellers, who then represented the population groups most likely to be killed by the virus, as the population groups most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, the findings on smallholder farming households, as a population group, share the same attributes as the elderly group. The research data was gathered through an integrative literature review using secondary sources from Statistics South Africa and the Department of Health. Our findings suggest that the smallholder farmers who are elderly with a greater reliance on agriculture and the wage labourers were most vulnerable to the impact of COVID-19. Although our findings suggest a likely impact on all the pentagon capitals of smallholders identified through the SLF lens, the odds are higher in the social, human, and financial capitals. Therefore, in future outbreaks, the available support should prioritise the smallholder farmers largely defined by these capitals.
Investigation of Challenges Faced by Small-Scale Sheep Farmers in the Northern Cape (Hantam Karoo), South Africa
Authors: Zenda M. , Malan P.J.
Published: May 2024

The study aimed to evaluate the challenges facing small-scale sheep farming systems and their production practices in the Hantam Karoo. The challenges facing small-scale sheep farming systems have been under scrutiny due to crises related to environmental, productivity and social issues. A better understanding of these unique responses could guide the development of improved strategies to increase small-scale sheep production in South Africa. Structured and unstructured questionnaires were used to collect data from 32 small-scale sheep farmers. The questionnaire includes both closed-ended questions and open-ended questions. The descriptive analysis was done by using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS version 22). The results revealed the following challenges faced by small-scale sheep farmers: overgrazing (54%), shortage of grazing land (85%), poor grazing veld (85%), poor condition of sheep (40%), predation (94%) and infrastructure issues (59%). Furthermore, sheep diseases, gender imbalance, lack of youth interest in agriculture, and lack of knowledge of the selection of specific traits were some of the challenges. In 2017, there was drought, which was responsible for poor grazing and poor conditions of sheep. Finally, the results revealed that agricultural extensionists need to address the shortage of grazing land, predation, infrastructure, livestock diseases, gender imbalances and selection of sheep for breeding to achieve sustainable development goals. Future studies should consider multi-criteria analysis when assessing the challenges of small-scale sheep farming systems in South Africa.
Evolution of Agricultural Extension in Zimbabwe: Emerging Technologies, Training Needs and Future Possibilities
Authors: Manzeke-Kangara M.G. , Muwaniki C. , Siziba S. , Chamboko T. , Mtambanengwe F. , Wedekind V.
Published: May 2024

Skills development needs of smallholder farmers have often been overlooked during the delivery of agricultural information due to a lack of curriculum reform and gaps between agricultural extension officers’ (AEOs) training and farmers’ changing needs. Recent evidence suggests that the greatest need for agricultural extension services is for new farmers and emerging agricultural technologies compared to well-established farmers and farming methods. On the contrary, lack of adequate extension skills has impeded the implementation and success of climate- and nutrient-smart agricultural technologies such as conservation agriculture and integrated soil fertility management in rainfed cropping systems. Here, we review the history of agricultural extension in Zimbabwe and the impacts of colonial heritage and restructuring on extension. We also present findings from recent research on AEO training and gaps in the curriculum. This research indicated that a gap in skills exists due to insufficient AEOs’ training in essential areas such as farm management, market access, emerging technologies (for example, mobile phones) and supporting the changing needs of farmers. We demonstrate an urgent need for agricultural extension systems in Zimbabwe to explore new models in the field that equip AEOs with adequate training and skills which meet the needs of new farmers and emerging agricultural technologies.
ROSIHAN ANWAR SEBAGAI SEJARAWAN
Authors:   Universitas Indonesia, Husni Muhammad
Published: May 2024

This study explores the life of Rosihan Anwar, a famous Indonesian historian and journalist. He can be considered a historian because he applied historical methods in several of his works. As a historian, he had an exceptional ability to collect oral sources by means of interviews with the actors in or eyewitnesses to the event. Despite limitations in terms of the use of written sources because journalists had a tight deadline for publishing their articles, Rosihan was able to produce historical writings with strong rhetoric and to present information in an interesting way, making them easily understood by a wide audience. As a history recorder during the Indonesian Independence Revolution era, he produced many works which contributed to Indonesian historiography, which were written using an alternative historical writing approach known as “small history”
A method for calculating the technical readiness of aviation refuelling vehicles
Authors: Ziółkowski Jarosław , Oszczypała Mateusz , Lęgas Aleskandra , Konwerski Jakub , Małachowski Jerzy
Published: May 2024

In the paper a mathematical model of the process of operating aviation refuelling vehicles supplying fuel to aircraft before flight was developed. The present work is a continuation and supplement to the model contained in [52]. The phase space of the process under study was mapped by a 7-state directed graph of the operation process. To calculate the technical readiness index (K_gt) Markov chains and processes were used. Also, in Section 3, Results and discussions, optional methods for determining the technical readiness coefficient of a vehicle were provided k_gt) , based on the total time of the object in individual operating states. This is an alternative in a situation where the analysed process cannot reach a stable average state indefinitely. Two types of measures were used to determine the readiness, i.e. border probabilities and average times of the object in individual states. In both cases, the basis was statistical databases with operational vehicle data, which enabled the calculation of the readiness index and coefficient.
A THEORETICAL COMPARISON OF DEVELOPMENTAL STATE AND ENTREPRENEURIAL STATE: CATCH UP OR TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT
Authors: Gürgen Volkan Süleyman
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a critical comparison of the developmental state and the entrepreneurial state, contributing to the existing literature by highlighting the advantages and necessity of an entrepreneurial state over a developmental state through the connection between public institutions and spinoffs. It is widely acknowledged that the state plays a significant role in the economy and development of both developed and emerging countries. While there is ongoing debate regarding the role of the state in the United States compared to Europe and Asia, it is important to recognize the hidden role of US public institutions in technological advancement and innovation. The paper begins by categorizing factors related to research, technology, and innovation into basic-applied research, technological innovations, and incremental innovations. Subsequently, the concepts of the entrepreneurial state and developmental state are defined in relation to technology, innovation, and competition. In the final section, a comparison is made between the entrepreneurial state and the developmental state, demonstrating that theoretically, the entrepreneurial state is essential and offers numerous advantages over the developmental state.
Investigación cualitativa en el contexto de la Salud Pública: actualización de conceptos
Authors: Ríos-González Carlos Miguel
Published: May 2024

Los enfoques cualitativos en la investigación han sido fundamentales en las ciencias sociales y son cruciales para el estudio de la salud y los servicios sanitarios. Con el progreso en medicina, mayor especialización, expectativas crecientes de los pacientes y la complejidad de los servicios de salud, los profesionales se enfrentan a un entorno laboral cada vez más complicado. Los métodos cualitativos, aunque distintos de las técnicas experimentales y cuantitativas de la investigación clínica y biomédica, son indispensables para la investigación en servicios de salud. Esto se debe a que permiten explorar aspectos no medibles cuantitativamente, como las creencias sobre la salud, y porque proporcionan una base -descriptiva necesaria para la investigación cuantitativa, especialmente en campos con escasa investigación previa.
Association between transient receptor potential melastatin genotypes and the prostate surface antigen levels in BPH patients
Authors: Ongonga Royronald Ochieng , Menza Nelson , Demba Rodgers Norman
Published: May 2024

Background: Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent condition among older males, characterized by an enlarged prostate gland leading to lower urinary tract symptoms and impacting quality of life. Transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) genes regulate various physiological processes.
Methods: We studied 194 BPH patients and 194 healthy controls, genotyping six selected TRPM gene SNPs. PSA levels were measured using the Cobas® e411 analyzer.
Results: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were significantly higher in BPH patients (135.76±578.03 ng/mL) than in controls (2.01±1.09 ng/mL). TRPM2 (rs168355) and TRPM7 (rs2362295) genotypes were significantly associated with PSA levels. The TRPM2 GG genotype was associated with reduced odds of severe PSA levels (OR=0.34, 95% CI: 0.12-0.96, P=0.034), while the TRPM7 CC genotype showed increased odds for severe PSA levels (OR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.08-3.56, P=0.041).
Conclusions: Our findings suggest a potential link between TRPM gene variants and the severity of prostatic changes reflected in PSA secretions, indicating the need for further research to understand the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications.
Item analysis of multiple-choice questions in summative assessment for professional examination I of an outcome-based integrated MBBS curriculum
Authors: Htoon Kyaw Zwar , Aung Ye Phyo
Published: May 2024

Background: This study presents an item analysis of multiple-choice questions (MCQ-Type A) used in the summative assessment for Professional Examination I at Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar. The objectives of the study were to perform item analysis using Difficulty Index (DIF I) and Discrimination Index (DI) and to correlate between DIF I and DI.
Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 200 multiple-choice questions from two written examination papers answered by 46 medical year 2 students of Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar. Item analysis of multiple-choice questions were done by using DIF I and DI calculated post-exam.
Results: Results showed that the majority of items were categorized as easy based on DIF I, with 63% and 60% in Papers I and II, respectively. Only about one-third of items were deemed acceptable, and few fell into the difficult category. DI ranged from negative to excellent, with 62% and 61% of MCQs in Papers I and II showing acceptable to excellent discrimination. Items with poor discrimination (35% and 34% in Papers I and II) should be revised or discarded. Moreover, items with negative DI should be re-evaluated for potential key errors or vague wording. A low negative correlation between DIF I and DI was observed, indicating that as DIF I increased, discrimination power decreased. Notably, items with easy DIF I demonstrated a moderate negative correlation with DI, consistent with previous research.
Conclusions: This study underscores the importance of item analysis to enhance the validity of assessment tools and ensure the effective evaluation of student cognition levels. Consequently, reconstruction and modification of MCQs are recommended to improve assessment quality and accurately measure student abilities.
Comparative study of the effects of intranasal midazolam with intranasal dexmedetomidine as premedication in paediatric anaesthesia
Authors: Mohanraj Parthasarathy , Narendrababu M. C.
Published: May 2024

Background: Premedication in children is more acceptable with the intranasal route. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of intranasal dexmedetomidine as premedication in paediatric surgeries as compared to intranasal midazolam.
Methods: This study was conducted in 60 patients of 6 to 12 years posted for tonsillectomy surgeries. Patients were randomly allocated into Group 1 and 2. Patient in group 1 (30) received 0.2mg/kg of intranasal midazolam as nasal drop using 1ml insulin syringe and similarly group 2 (30) received 1µg/kg of intranasal dexmedetomidine as nasal drops using 1ml insulin syringe. Sedation score, Anxiolysis score, pre oxygenation mask holding response score, post-operative agitation scores were evaluated.
Results: In our study, we observed that 76.7% of children in dexmedetomidine group attained better sedation compared to 46.7% in midazolam group. Anxiolytic effect in Group 1 (83.3%) was slightly better than in Group 2 (80%). 90% of the patients in dexmedetomidine group allowed easy pre oxygenation compared to 80% in midazolam group. Venipuncture response was better with dexmedetomidine group (86.7%) compared to midazolam group (73.3%). Postoperative agitation response in both the groups was same. The fall in HR, SBP was more with dexmedetomidine and there was no significant change in DBP in both the groups.
Conclusions: From our study, we concluded that premedication with intranasal dexmedetomidine is more effective than intra nasal midazolam in providing sedation. Both the drugs are effective in providing anxiolysis and better inducing condition. Therefore, intranasal dexmedetomidine is more efficacious than intranasal midazolam as premedication in children.
Evaluation of a rare case of orbital venous varix with multiple intracranial venous malformations using prone MRI technique
Authors: Parikh Kavan A. , Jethani Arushi P. , Vejani Rutvik K.
Published: May 2024

Orbit is a common site for vascular lesions in all age groups, with venous malformations being the most common type. Orbital varices are a rare subset of venous malformation which is a vascular hamartoma that communicate with normal orbital veins. The mainstay of diagnosis and differentiation from other vascular and neoplastic lesions of orbit is demonstration of change in size of lesion on dynamic maneuvers. In this article, we present a case of left orbital venous varix which showed enlargement on Valsalva maneuver. The patient was evaluated using prone MRI technique to demonstrate increase in the size of lesion. Multiple asymptomatic developmental venous anomalies were detected on brain screening, which is a known association.
Understanding the factors influencing pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus
Authors: V. Sivakumar , M. Rakshna , M. S. Soorya , S. Pranesh
Published: May 2024

Tacrolimus, a potent calcineurin inhibitor integral to immunosuppressive regimens, exhibits complex pharmacokinetics influenced by diverse factors and understanding these factors is crucial for safety, efficacy and dose optimisation. Genetic variations, particularly in CYP3A enzyme systems and P- Glycoprotein, contribute significantly to inter-individual variability in tacrolimus metabolism. Polymorphisms in these systems alter drug bioavailability, impacting clinical outcomes. Ethnicity further compounds this variability, with distinct genetic profiles leading to differential drug responses. Notably, black patients, often characterized by CYP3A5 expressor status, may have higher drug clearance. Age-related changes in tacrolimus clearance highlights the discrepancies in elderly and paediatric populations. On the other hand, prediction of gender-specific differences is difficult due to lack of evidence. Body composition, specifically variations in fat and muscle mass, significantly impacts drug distribution and clearance. Obesity, associated with altered CYP3A activity, results in decreased drug clearance, emphasizing the importance of accounting for body composition in dosing calculations. Pregnancy -induced physiological changes affect tacrolimus absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, necessitating careful monitoring and dose adjustments in pregnant individuals. Dietary factors and drug interactions, particularly with CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein, further contribute to the intricate web of variables influencing tacrolimus pharmacokinetics. In conclusion, this review sheds light on the multifaceted factors influencing tacrolimus pharmacokinetics, providing essential insights for clinicians to tailor individualized dosing regimens and enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing the risk of adverse events.
Clustering of non-communicable disease risk factors among adolescents in urban and rural Rajasthan
Authors: Virmani Shiv , Verma Anjana , Patyal Ashish , Mathur Medha , Mathur Navgeet , Shekhawat Vasundhara
Published: May 2024

Background: Non communicable diseases (NCDs) are primarily driven by the modifiable risk factors that often emerge during the childhood/adolescence and contribute towards majority of premature deaths during adulthood. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of multiple NCD risk factors and the associated factors among adolescents in urban and rural areas of Rajasthan.
Methods: It was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted among 430 school going adolescents. A self-administered questionnaire adapted from STEPS survey format of the WHO and indian adolescent health questionnaire was used; anthropometric measurements were taken using standard procedure. Presence of two or more risk factors in one individual was considered as clustering of NCD risk factors.
Results: Prevalence of two risk factors (Dyads) was 48.8% (urban) and 33% (rural), three or more risk factors were found in about 12.1% urban and 7.9% rural adolescents. For “Dyads”, males had OR 3.58 (95% CI 1.9- 6.4) and OR 4.1 (95% CI 2.6-7.9) in urban and rural areas, respectively. The risk of clustering was higher with increasing age [Dyad: OR 1.26 (CI 1.1-5.73) in urban, OR 2.2 (CI 1.56-3.7) in rural; ≥ 3 risk factors: OR 2.3 (CI 1.98-4.11) in urban, OR 1.52 (CI 1.21-4.9)].
Conclusions: Clustering of the risk factors was prevalent among urban as well as rural adolescents emphasizing the importance of developing primary prevention strategies which can be effective across all demographic and socioeconomic backgrounds.
Challenges and advantages of modern rural surgery: an experience of two secondary care centres of rural India
Authors: Baruah Arijit R. , Kalita Darpana , Baruah Shyamanta M. , Baruah Rajib K.
Published: May 2024

Background: Rural surgery refers to the practice of surgery in rural communities and geographically remote areas, facing multiple challenges like limitation of resources and manpower, poverty, multiple co-morbidities and superstitions. Assam has geographical and population diversity with more than 85 percent of rural population. This study was done to analyse the various challenges and advantages faced during surgical practice in two secondary care centres of rural Assam.
Methods: This is a retrospective study done from 228 cases which were operated in Teok First Referral Unit and Titabor Sub-Divisional Civil Hospital, both secondary care centres of rural Assam, India between July 2022 to August 2023 by a single surgeon. Inclusion criteria were all patients who were operated following written and informed consent. Patients who opted not to operate and pregnant women were excluded from the study. Data collected were placed in charts and tables and statistical analysis done using IBM statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) statistics version 2.0.
Results: Study population has 46 percent adult male, 51 percent adult female and 3 percent children. 1.3 percent (3 patients) were operated under general anaesthesia, 14.5 under regional anaesthesia and 73.2 percent under local anaesthesia. 11 percent (25 patients) opted not to operate. Challenges were lack of manpower, lack of resources, infection control, fatigue, trust issues and socio-political pressure. Advantages are financial relief, homely environment, better diet and care, community support, avoiding unnecessary referral and better follow-up.
Conclusions: Rural surgery can be a boon to modern healthcare if available resources and manpower are properly managed and challenges are overcome.
An update on management of rare diseases in India
Authors: Srivastava Vivek , Mohan Ishika , Khatoon Bushra
Published: May 2024

Rare diseases, characterized by their prevalence in smaller segments of the population, pose significant challenges globally. While definitions may vary across nations based on prevalence rates, these conditions are often life-threatening despite affecting fewer individuals. Genetics play a prominent role, contributing to approximately 80% of rare disorders, with treatments often categorized as ‘orphan drugs’. Regardless of a country's economic status or development level, rare diseases impose substantial burdens on healthcare systems and national economies. In India, rare diseases represent a pressing public health concern, yet they often receive inadequate attention and resources. Factors such as insufficient diagnosis, limited awareness, sparse epidemiological data, high treatment costs, and scant research and development exacerbate the challenges faced by patients and healthcare providers. Despite their significant impact, rare diseases remain a neglected area within the healthcare landscape. The aim of this review was to shed light on the rare disease landscape in India by examining available secondary data from published sources. By comprehensively assessing the existing literature, researchers seek to gain insights into the prevalence, management, and challenges surrounding rare diseases in the Indian context. This endeavor is crucial for informing policymakers, healthcare professionals, and stakeholders about the urgent need for improved strategies and resources to address the complex issues associated with rare diseases in India.
Polycystic ovary syndrome increases risks of infertility: Role of a well-planned diet and other factors
Authors: Banerjee Swapan
Published: May 2024

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder causing menstrual irregularities, insulin resistance, and infertility. Treatment options include medical treatments and lifestyle modifications. The guideline suggests various balanced strategies, including diet, exercise, behavioral interventions, and sleep. This article aimed to review the multiple diets, nutrients, and other factors responsible for PCOS-induced infertility, which is growing nowadays. The primary motive to recover PCOS is to reduce the risk of infertility among women. PCOS treatment involves birth control pills, diabetes medication, and estrogen receptor modulators. Lifestyle changes like resistance training and yoga can improve body composition and reduce fat. Traditional lifestyles, such as alcohol and tobacco, can hinder fertility. Weight loss improves PCOS status regardless of dietary composition. Low glycemic index diets reduce weight gain, improve insulin sensitivity, and reduce risk factors. The DASH diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, legumes, and low-fat dairy, is recommended for managing PCOS. In conclusion, PCOS should be taken care of for young women with the help of diet, exercise, and medication, if needed, to avoid infertility under the supervision of a dietitian and physician.
Development of gluten free crackers using water chestnut (Trapa natans) and Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum)
Authors: Manasa R  , Vasavi A , Sahana BL , Rakesh Kumar K  , Pawar Nikitha S , Gurrala Aleena
Published: May 2024

Baked goods are favored by the public due to their widespread availability, convenience, ready-to-eat nature, and excellent storage capabilities. The study focused on developing high-quality gluten-free crackers by incorporating pearl millet (Bajra) and water chestnut flour which enhances nutritional value and is gluten free, catering to individuals with celiac disease.

To Formulate Crackers with Pearl Millet and water chestnut flour. To determine the Sensory quality of the developed product. To Estimate the Proximate composition and cost of the developed product.

Pearl millet flour, water chestnut flour, whole wheat flour,salt, jaggery, garlic powder, ajwain, mixed herbs, oil, and baking powder were procured from local grocery stores of Mysore and standard A.O.A.C (2005) methods for Proximate analysis and 9-point hedonic scale was used for sensory analysis.

: The sensory evaluation revealed that PMC4 was highly acceptable on par with control. Proximate analysis showed that PMC4 had high phosphorous and calcium content.

The study successfully developed superior gluten-free crackers with incorporation of Pearl millet and water chestnut flour. Among all the variations PMC4 was rich in phosphorous and calcium and is gluten free which caters to individuals with celiac disease.
Salud mental y psicosocial en supervivientes a la masacre de Bojayá: estudio narrativo de tópicos
Authors: Urrego-Mendoza Zulma Consuelo , Natib-Rosero Angie Carolina , Ramírez-Cuervo Geraldine
Published: May 2024

Introducción: la masacre de Bojayá constituye uno de los eventos más visibles del conflicto armado en Colombia. La muerte de aproximadamente 119 personas y las afectaciones en los sobrevivientes siguen siendo importantes temas de análisis y estudio. Objetivo: caracterizar la salud mental y psicosocial de las víctimas de la masacre de Bojayá desde las narrativas de los supervivientes. Metodología: estudio cualitativo narrativo de tópicos. Se analizaron registros de 66 personas supervivientes ubicadas en el municipio de Bojayá y en la ciudad de Quibdó. Resultados: la salud mental de los sobrevivientes a la masacre se encuentra afectada principalmente por síntomas persistentes de tristeza, miedo y desesperanza. Respecto a la salud psicosocial, la familia es considerada la principal red de apoyo y un recurso fundamental para el bienestar, además de otras redes comunitarias. Las redes familiares y comunitarias se vieron modificadas, relacionando la fragmentación familiar con la migración y desplazamiento forzado. Discusión: tanto el perfil de signos y síntomas encontrado, como las estrategias de afrontamiento y formas de resiliencia utilizadas por los supervivientes coinciden con lo reportado en otros estudios realizados con supervivientes de masacres. No obstante, en un marco de exposición continuada a eventos vitales no normativos, las afectaciones de salud mental y psicosocial se han mantenido en el tiempo. Conclusiones: las narrativas de los sobrevivientes sobre salud mental muestran síntomas no resueltos que ameritan estudios posteriores. Predominaron las alteraciones del estado de ánimo; también fueron exhibidas múltiples estrategias adaptativas individuales y colectivas, sostenidas especialmente por redes de apoyo primarias.
Dynamics of the natural regeneration of forest remnants in the state of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Ronquim Carlos Cesar , Rodrigues Cristina Aparecida Gonçalves , Fonseca Marcelo Fernando , Nogueira Júnior Lauro Rodrigues
Published: May 2024

The main factors that favour the regeneration of native vegetation in two regions in southeast Brazil were evaluated over an approximate period of 30 years. Region 1 covers 5.2 million hectares and is situated in the northern and northeastern portions of São Paulo. Region 2, located in eastern São Paulo, is formed by the Paraíba do Sul River basin and spans over 1.4 million hectares. In 2016, the area of native forests in Region 1 accounted for 19.3% of the territory against 16.9% in 1988. In Region 2, forests expanded by 83%, from 250,000 to 455,000 hectares. However, while in Region 1, characterised by competition between agricultural crops, the forest gain was modest, in Region 2, marked by steep terrain and a decline in livestock activities, significant natural forest regeneration was favoured. Restoration of native forest vegetation in the state of São Paulo may vary significantly over regions.
Cemitério de Anjinhos: um arranjo possível para a aproximação com o sagrado
Authors: Pereira Antonio Renaldo Gomes , Paulino Antonio George Lopes
Published: May 2024

O artigo trata do Cemitério de Anjinhos de Vereda Funda e da ação dos vivos para aproximarem os mortos ao sagrado. A metodologia empregada no estudo é de natureza qualitativa e antropológica, consistindo no exercício da observação, análise e interpretação das asserções de interlocutores, bem como do material que acessamos em documentos, fontes secundárias, teóricas e, ainda, em memórias que se formaram a partir do nosso contato com a cultura do sagrado em territórios cearenses. Os resultados encontrados informam que o agenciamento parte dos pais e familiares dos mortos. Seguindo um dos tabus da Igreja que proibia o enterramento de indivíduos não-batizados em campo santo, instituem um local para sepultamentos no qual são inseridos objetos e símbolos que remetem ao sagrado religioso, com intuito de possibilitar a salvação aos seus filhos falecidos. Esse cemitério é marcado pela presença de pequenos túmulos decorados com elementos infantis, flores coloridas e santos católicos. Assim, o Cemitério de Anjinhos de Vereda Funda, situado em São Gonçalo do Amarante, Ceará, apresenta-se como espaço sagrado instituído por populares a fim de aproximar as crianças mortas ao divino.
Grupo focal on-line no WhatsApp
Authors: Santos Patricia Ferreira , Costa Váldina Gonçalves da
Published: May 2024

O presente artigo busca relatar uma experiência de uso de grupo focal on-line em WhastApp. Tem-se o objetivo de construir mais ampla solidez teórica sobre a utilização e desenvolvimento de tal recurso, dado que trata-se de um método significativo para a construção de dados empíricos em pesquisas de formação de professores. O grupo focal on-line foi construído a partir das dificuldades que se fizeram presentes na imersão no campo de pesquisa. Teve como participantes 19 professores de Matemática atuantes na EJA/EM. Tal recurso metodológico, possibilitou a construção de um espaço interativo, promovendo a socialização entre os pares, o que deu origem a um corpus de análise rico. No grupo, os docentes puderam identificar-se com os outros no que se refere as incertezas e aos desafios da profissão e, a partir disso, reformular suas atitudes e ações, contribuindo para sua formação profissional e para a qualidade do ensino oferecido.
Cotas para pessoas negras na Educação Superior
Authors: Minhoto Maria Angélica Pedra , Felipe Delton Aparecido , Silva Claudia Guedes Araújo
Published: May 2024

Este trabalho investiga o tratamento dado pelas Casas Legislativas Nacionais ao tema da revisão da Lei de Cotas para ingresso nas Instituições Federais de Educação Superior (Lei 12.711/2012), com ênfase na reserva de vagas para pessoas negras. O objetivo foi dimensionar o posicionamento daqueles que representam os interesses da sociedade brasileira em relação às cotas para a população negra. Com este fim, foi realizado um levantamento dos Projetos de Lei em tramitação, nas ferramentas de busca da Câmara dos Deputados e no Senado Federal, permitindo mapear o seu conteúdo no que tange ao direito à educação superior da população negra. Verificou-se que 31% dos Projetos de Lei analisados restringiam o direito à educação superior dessa população, questionando, negando ou inviabilizando a raça como categoria social. A relação entre raça e desigualdade permanece negada pelos contrários às cotas para pessoas negras.
Previsão do tempo atmosférico e carta sinótica no Brasil
Authors: Cazetta Valéria , Siqueira Rogério Monteiro de , Lima Thiago Alves de
Published: May 2024

Objetivamos, neste texto, compreender quando e como se deu a produção e introdução das cartas sinóticas nos jornais brasileiros, tomando como estudo de caso dois jornais de ampla circulação no Brasil: o Jornal do Commercio (RJ) e O Estado de S. Paulo. A finalidade dessas cartas era, além de representar a previsão do tempo atmosférico (ou meteorológico), ensinar à população leitora dos referidos periódicos como decodificá-las. Para tanto, perseguimos, em ambos os periódicos, desde as primeiras enunciações meteorológicas até o advento das cartas sinóticas. A hipótese de trabalho gira em torno do seguinte argumento: destinadas a instituir certa ideia de previsão do tempo atmosférico, tais cartas teriam também como finalidade produzir um duplo efeito no público leitor, qual seja, o de legitimar e, ao mesmo tempo, atribuir credibilidade a uma linguagem agora publicada em dois dos mais importantes jornais do país. Dentre as conclusões destaca-se a construção da crença, por meio de uma linguagem extremamente codificada, na previsão do tempo.
clima no ensino de Geografia
Authors: Rodrigues de Lucêna Luana , Martins Maria Carla
Published: May 2024

A Climatologia enquanto conteúdo curricular na Geografia escolar possui grande  relevância no desenvolvimento de diferentes conhecimentos geográficos. O presente  trabalho apresenta uma proposta de aula para o sexto ano, com uso de diferentes recursos  didáticos, visando uma aprendizagem significativa. Para tanto, foi elaborado e aplicado um plano de aula envolvendo 3 práticas pedagógicas distintas. A aula envolveu exposição do conteúdo, atividades em grupo, apresentação de conceitos com uso de recursos didáticos e exercícios de fixação. A primeira atividade fez uso de imagens apresentadas para abordar o conceito de tempo e  de clima, bem como a influência de cada um destes no cotidiano e facilitou o diálogo com  os alunos, valorizando o conhecimento prévio dos mesmos. A segunda atividade, sobre  camadas da atmosfera, aprofundou o conteúdo e manteve os alunos interessados e  participativos na aula com o uso de colagem manual. A terceira atividade com o uso de  uma esponja apresentou, de forma lúdica, os diferentes tipos de chuva, contribuindo com  a compreensão dos discentes acerca deste fenômeno meteorológico. Os resultados obtidos  nesta pesquisa evidenciam que o uso de diferentes práticas pedagógicas associadas a materiais e recursos didáticos são fundamentais para promover o aperfeiçoamento no  processo de ensino e aprendizagem acerca de temas da Climatologia.
Cartografia
Authors: Lobato Rodrigo Batista
Published: May 2024

Este artigo examina a Cartografia além de sua função prática/oficial/acadêmica, explorando sua dimensão como prática social e meio de expressão cultural. Através da análise de diversos tipos de mapas, o texto destaca como eles são construídos, narrados e interpretados dentro de contextos sociais específicos, refletindo as visões de mundo e os valores dos indivíduos e das sociedades que os produzem. O objetivo deste artigo visa analisar como esses diversos documentos cartográficos que chamamos de mapas, contribuem para a construção de narrativas e perspectivas sobre o mundo da vida, enfatizando nossas práticas sociais como a própria espacialização da vida através dos mapas, que molda e é moldada por percepções culturais e sociais. Assim, demonstra-se que os mapas funcionam não apenas como ferramentas de orientação geográfica, mas também como poderosos veículos de expressão, representação e apresentação de uma cosmovisão das práticas cotidianas. Desta forma, argumenta-se que os mapas são documentos vivos, carregados de subjetividade, que narram e reescrevem continuamente as histórias dos espaços que se apresentam como mapas como crônicas. Por fim, defende-se que a Cartografia deve ser vista também como uma forma de linguagem visual que participa ativamente na construção de significados, seja mundos reais ou imaginários, assim como, na negociação de identidades e diferenças, transcendendo sua funcionalidade prática para se tornar um ato de comunicação profundamente humano e socialmente usual.
Electrical Energy Generation by Microbial Fuel Cells With Microalgae on the Cathode
Authors: Koltysheva Dina , Shchurska Kateryna , Kuzminskyi Yevhenii
Published: May 2024

Background. The possibility of converting organic compounds into electrical energy in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) makes MFCs a promising eco-friendly technology. However, the use of platinum or hexacyanoferrates may increase costs or lead to secondary environmental pollution. The use of microalgae in the cathode chamber is a promising solution to these problems.
Objective. We aimed to establish the dependence of electrical energy generation and the efficiency of the appli­cation of a specific type of algae on the type and mode of lighting.
Methods. In the study, two-chamber H-type MFC with salt bridge was used. Fermented residue after methanogenesis was used as inoculum in the anode chamber, and microalgae cultures Chlorella vulgaris, Desmodesmus armatus, and Parachlorella kessleri were used as inoculum in the cathode chamber.
Results. MFCs with microalgae demonstrate the ability to generate current under different light sources. The maximum voltage for the MFC with an anode biofilm and with microalgae in the cathode chamber is 13–15% lower compared to the MFC with an abiotic cathode (840 ± 42 mV). The maximum current is 2–6% lower than the control (480 ± 24 mA) for the MFC with Chlorella vulgaris and the MFC with Parachlorella kessleri, and 8% higher for the MFC with Desmodesmus armatus compared to the MFC with an abiotic cathode. The MFCs with microalgae are capable of generating electrical energy for an extended period.
Conclusions. With a pre-grown anodic biofilm, both the current and voltage maintain relative stability when the light source is changed. The potential use of solar lighting broadens the applicability of the MFCs with microalgae, as it eliminates the need for additional costs associated with artificial light sources.