bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-Economic Situation of the Rural Oldest-Old Females: Anthropological Study in Paschim Medinipur District, West Bengal.
Authors: Chakraborty Parikshit , Chakraborty Falguni
Published: October 2018

In India, as well as in states across the world the population aging increases very rapidly. Aging is a natural process in a lifecycle. The paper outlines the status of research on Super Senior Citizen in India and provides a situational analysis of Super Senior Citizen in terms of economic and social.Therefore, the present paper aims to highlight socio-economic milieu of the oldest-old women residing in different gram panchayats under Medinipur Sadar Block of Paschim Medinipur district, West Bengal, India. The areas, which were explored, include some basic demographic features as well as other features like housing and living arrangement, different sources of financial support, etc. However, the study demonstrate that, some positive scenario mentioned above the oldest old women under study area are seriously in disadvantageous position in many respects, which may be exemplified with the following facts: they are far less educated; economically more dependent; most of them are non-worker; a very good number of them do not get/receive any pension from any sources.
Heart block as a complication of acute myocardial infarction: the anatomical and physiological mechanisms
Authors: Edwards Tim
Published: October 2018

Overview

Heart block (HB) is a recognised complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and is often a marker for increased mortality and morbidity. An appreciation of the anatomical and physiological mechanisms associated with the development of HB in AMI is important for the prediction and management of complications when dealing with such cases. Certain forms of HB are classically linked to infarction of specific anatomical territories in AMI. However, variations in pre-morbid state and anatomy of the coronary vessels provide potential for the development of HB in any patient experiencing AMI, regardless of the territory affected.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

After completing this module, the paramedic will be able to: Understand heart block in the context of acute myocardial infarction Understand the relevant anatomy and physiology of clinical presentations of heart block in acute myocardial infarction Identify types of heart block in order to determine appropriate treatment strategies Understand the differences in the appearance of various forms of heart block on an electrocardiogram If you would like to send feedback, please email jpp@markallengroup.com
Influence of previous work experience and education on Internet use of people in their 60s and 70s
Authors: Arief Muzawir , Rissanen Sari , Saranto Kaija
Published: October 2018

Background

Internet use among the elderly is influenced by various demographic backgrounds, social life and health factors.

Objective

This study aims to identify the impact of several demographic features on 60- to 79-year-old individuals’ intention to use the Internet.

Method

Finland population data (N= 2508) from the 2012 IKIPOSA project was used with two cohorts: 60s group (n= 1515) and 70s group (n= 990). Descriptive statistic and two binomial logistic regressions have been used with the unadjusted effect and Forward LR method to measure each predictor’s contribution to the model. In addition, a preliminary analysis to measure the multicollinearity was performed.

Result

Of the 18 independent variables, only nine predictors, namely, age, education, financial situation, having children, entrepreneurship, a leadership position, a higher level white-collar worker and a lower level white-collar worker, were significant factors in predicting the Internet use. Meanwhile, gender, having grandchildren, living alone, marital status, house location and type, stay-at-home mother or father, blue-collar worker, agricultural entrepreneur and social relations satisfaction were not significant predictors. The most significant predictors were education and age, which contributed 19% and 10%, respectively, to the model. Other significant predictors, lower level white-collar worker, higher level white-collar worker and financial situation, had less impact with only around 6%.

Conclusion

Education and age were influential factors among elderly to use the Internet in their later life. Certain work experiences affect elderly people’s engagement with the Internet after retirement.
DISCRETE ELEMENT MODELING OF STRENGTH PROPERTIES AND FAILURE MODES OF QH-E LUNAR SOIL SIMULANT AT LOW CONFINING STRESSES
Authors: Yun-Li Li , Wei-Lie Zou , Wen-Ping Wu , Lun Chen
Published: October 2018

In this paper, discrete element method (DEM) is used to investigate the strength properties and failure modes of QH-E lunar soil simulant at the low confining stress. The deviator stress-axial strain curves and volumetric strain-axial strain curves are obtained based on DEM simulations, which are basically consistent with the experimental results at the low confining stresses, and the lower confining stress is, the closer to the experimental curves will obtain. Moreover, for a given low confining stress, the effects of porosity and friction coefficient on strength properties of QH-E samples are discussed. The results show that the peak stress, residual stress and axial strain corresponding to the peak stress obviously decrease with the increase of the porosity, while slightly increase with the increase of the friction coefficient. Furthermore, the whole failure processes and failure modes at different low confining stresses are also observed by DEM simulations. The simulated results indicate that the V-type shear zone (double shear bands) is the main failure mode at the low confining stress, and then the V-type shear zone gradually changes to a single shear band (along the horizontal direction about 52o) with the increase of the confining stress.
Building Devotion: History, Use, and Meaning in "John Buck's Book"
Authors: Enright Lyle J.
Published: October 2018

This essay explores an artifact at the Newberry Library Chicago; cataloged as a copy of Thomas Becon's Pomaunder of Prayer (c.1560), this artifact is in fact a number of texts bound together for the personal use of an eighteenth-century owner, one John Buck. The anthologized texts are briefly examined, and an attempt made to sketch a preliminary portrait of John Buck based on his choice in devotional material and his own social context. This essay concludes that Buck's appropriation of early modern Protestant propoganda into his own eighteenth century Anglican identity provides a unique and helpful window into the early development of "polite religion" in England, which would come to define the Romantic period.
Review of Proofs of Genius: Collected Editions from the American Revolution to the Digital Age
Authors: Plourde Audrey , Cohen Matt
Published: October 2018

Review of Proofs of Genius: Collected Editions from the American Revolution to the Digital Age
Exploring Learners’ Self-Reported Behavioral Patterns in Two Task-Readiness Conditions: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Bui Gavin , Teng (Mark) Feng
Published: October 2018

Task-planning studies have mostly been conducted using quantitative methods, not qualitative. However, the actual planning behaviors by learners could be overlooked by quantitative research which focuses mostly on planning outcomes rather than the processes. This study aims to bridge this gap by exploring learner behavioral patterns in pre-task planning as well as the under-investigated area of topic familiarity by drawing upon interview data. This consists of a comparison between the task-external and task-internal readiness constructs proposed in Bui’s (2014) task-readiness framework. Eight undergraduate students in Hong Kong completed two speaking tasks (a familiar and an unfamiliar task), followed by retrospective interviews. Though largely confirming previous (but parsimonious) research on task planning behaviors, this study discovered three major findings that had not been covered well in previous literature. First, while past studies focused on the psycholinguistic processes of task planning, these participants extensively reported its affective influences. Next, most participants reported their overall intended emphasis was on accuracy. These reports contradict general quantitative research results which suggest that task planning often leads to complexity, not accuracy. Finally, the lack of planning time as task-external readiness can be partly compensated for by topic familiarity as task-internal readiness. These issues along with their relevant implications in teaching and learning are discussed in this study.
Stress as a Suprasegmental Phonological Shift in Translation: A New Category of Linguistic Shifts
Authors: Karimnia Amin , Kalantari Esmaeil
Published: October 2018

This study relies on a contrastive analysis to underscore the functions of stress as a shift in translation, especially when phonological specifications can have an impact on translation. In the original model of translation shifts proposed by Catford, only segmental linguistic elements are taken into consideration, while the model totally ignores stress as a supra-segmental linguistic element. Including stress within the analytic procedures of the model can bring about a new type of shift. This implies that Catford’s categorization of shifts must be developed in order to increase its applicability, especially when phonological specifications in the source text can have an impact on grammar and lexical items in the target text. As a result of the inclusion of stress into Catford’s original mode, a revised version of the translation shift model is suggested. The study further emphasizes the various dimensions of stress and the functions it can have in oral aspects of translation and drama translation.
Fostering Intercultural Awareness in a Chinese English Reading Class
Authors: Yu Qun , Van Maele Jan
Published: October 2018

Since the turn of the century, higher education policy in China has highlighted the importance of cultivating students’ intercultural competences, particularly in the context of English language teaching. In spite of this, studies show that to this day Chinese ELT classrooms in higher education have rarely taken a cultural turn and teachers’ understanding of interculturalism remains insufficient. This paper reports an action research study on how intercultural awareness was developed in the context of an English reading course at an independent college of a major Chinese university. The study followed a teaching flow that integrates intercultural learning with critical thinking by challenging students to select, analyze, and raise questions about English texts on aspects of Chinese culture. Mapping the outputs of a cohort of 77 second-year undergraduate students onto Baker’s (2012; 2015) model of intercultural awareness, the study shows that a majority of participants demonstrated a level beyond basic awareness. The paper concludes that reading courses can be used to help foster intercultural awareness among Chinese students, and it offers some pedagogical and theoretical reflections on integrating intercultural learning with ELT, and formulates a number of suggestions for further studies.
Three Elements That Affect the Realisation of Subject-Verb Agreement in the Speech Production of L2 Speakers of English with L1 Chinese
Authors: Ma Yi , Zou Yige
Published: October 2018

The experiment presented in this research is targeting a ‘positional’ stage of a ‘modular’ model of speech production originally proposed by Levelt (1989), Bock & Levelt (1994), where selected lemmas are inserted into syntactic frames. Results suggest a difference between L1 and L2 English speakers at the positional stage. While this might suggest that the speech planning process is different in native and non-native speakers, an alternative view is also proposed that the observed differences are the result of differences in the way that linguistic forms are stored, rather than a fundamental difference in the way that speech is planned. This result indicates main verb, copula be & local dependency effect are the three elements that affect the realization of English subject-verb agreement, and helps us locate the phase where L2 subject-verb agreement errors happen.
Effect of Morus alba root bark extract on gene-level expression of inflammatory markers in rats subjected to ethanol and cerulein induced pancreatitis– influence of heat shock protein 70
Authors: Yuvaraj Kavitha , Geetha Arumugam
Published: October 2018

Background

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a persistent inflammation of the pancreas clinically presented with severe abdominal pain, progressive fibrosis, and loss of exocrine and endocrine functions. Inflammasomes, cytosolic multiprotein complexes which regulate the formation of proinflammatory cytokines, are influenced by various factors including heat shock proteins (HSPs). Morus alba L., or white mulberry root bark is a valued traditional Asian medicine with a diverse array of phytochemicals. The aim of this investigation was to define the modulatory action of methanolic extract of Morus alba root bark (MEMARB) on NLRP3 inflammasome, and HSPs in pancreas subjected to inflammatory insult.

Methods

Pancreatitis was induced in male albino Wistar rats by ethanol (0–36%) and cerulein (20 µg/kg b.wt., i.p.) for 5 weeks with or without MEMARB administration. Serum lipase/amylase (L/A) ratio, oxidative stress index (OSI) and reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio in the pancreas were evaluated. Levels of serum HSP70 was quantified by ELISA. NF-kappa B, NLRP3-ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and HSP70 gene expression was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Results

L/A ratio and oxidative stress determined in terms of OSI and GSH/GSSG ratio were elevated in pancreatitis-induced rats. The levels were restored in MEMARB co-administered animals. Serum level of HSP70 was increased in pancreatitis-induced animals and dropped significantly in MEMARB co-administrated rats. Pancreatitis-induced group showed increased expression of NF-kappa B, IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1, NLRP3-ASC and HSP70 mRNA than in MEMARB treated group.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that the M. alba root extract modulates the expression of HSP70 and NLRP3-ASC which might be attributed to its pancreato-protective effect.
Comparative study on effect of neutral spinal bath and neutral spinal spray on blood pressure, heart rate and heart rate variability in healthy volunteers
Authors: Goley Arundhati , Mooventhan A. , Manjunath NK.
Published: October 2018

Background

Hydrotherapeutic applications to the head and spine have shown to improve cardiovascular and autonomic functions. There is lack of study reporting the effect of either neutral spinal bath (NSB) or neutral spinal spray (NSS). Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effects of both NSB and NSS in healthy volunteers.

Methods

Thirty healthy subjects were recruited and randomized into either neutral spinal bath group (NSBG) or neutral spinal spray group (NSSG). A single session of NSB, NSS was given for 15 min to the NSBG and NSSG, respectively. Assessments were taken before and after the interventions.

Results

Results of this study showed a significant reduction in low-frequency (LF) to high-frequency (HF) (LF/HF) ratio of heart rate variability (HRV) spectrum in NSBG compared with NSSG (p=0.026). Within-group analysis of both NSBG and NSSG showed a significant increase in the mean of the intervals between adjacent QRS complexes or the instantaneous heart rate (HR) (RRI) (p=0.002; p=0.009, respectively), along with a significant reduction in HR (p=0.002; p=0.004, respectively). But, a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p=0.037) and pulse pressure (PP) (p=0.017) was observed in NSSG, while a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p=0.008), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) (p=0.008) and LF/HF ratio (p=0.041) was observed in NSBG.

Conclusion

Results of the study suggest that 15 min of both NSB and NSS might be effective in reducing HR and improving HRV. However, NSS is particularly effective in reducing SBP and PP, while NSB is particularly effective in reducing DBP and MAP along with improving sympathovagal balance in healthy volunteers.
Evaluation of antipyretic activity of Belladonna and Pyrogenium ultrahigh dilutions in induced fever model
Authors: Ahmad Saeed , Abbasi Waheed Mumtaz , Rehman Tayyeba
Published: October 2018

Background

Belladonna and Pyrogenium are commonly used to treat fever in homeopathy. But in vivo antipyretic activity of these medicines is not reported yet. The study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrahigh dilutions of Belladonna (Bell) and Pyrogenium (Pyro) in fever model of rabbits induced by Baker's yeast.

Methods

Healthy, local strain rabbits (♂ and ♀) were divided into seven groups (n=42): Normal control, negative control, standard control, pyro 1000c, pyro 200c, Bell 1000c and Bell 200c. Fever was induced by intra peritoneal injection of 135 mg/kg Baker’s yeast suspension. Rectal temperature was measured hourly. All the medicines were administered once a day. The results were expressed as mean ± SEM. ANOVA and least significant difference post hoc test were applied for checking the level of significance, p-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant statistically.

Results

Pyro in both potencies significantly reduced fever in rabbits compared to negative control group, while both potencies of Bell were ineffective. Paracetamol and Pyro 1000c reduced by 1.2 °C (39.7 ± 0.1 to 38.5 ± 0.1), while Pyro 200c reduced by 1 °C temperature (39.7 ± 0.5 to 38.7 ± 0.2).

Conclusions

Pyro possesses marked antipyretic activity in rabbit’s Baker's yeast fever model. It would embolden its clinical use in fever with more guarantee of its efficacy. However, caveat of small sample size necessitates replication of experiment in large sample size.
Small for gestational age and extremely low birth weight infant outcomes
Authors: Charles Elinor , Hunt Katie A. , Harris Christopher , Hickey Ann , Greenough Anne
Published: October 2018

Background

Small for gestational age (SGA) infants are less likely to develop respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), but more likely to develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and have a higher mortality. Our aim was to focus on outcomes of those with a birth weight less than or equal to 750 g.

Methods

The mortality, BPD severity, necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), home oxygen requirement and length of hospital stay were determined according to SGA status of all eligible infants in a 5-year period admitted within the first 24 h after birth.

Results

The outcomes of 84 infants were assessed, and 35 (42%) were SGA. The SGA infants were more mature (P<0.001), had a lower birth weight centile (P<0.001) and a greater proportion exposed to antenatal corticosteroids (P=0.022). Adjusted for gestational age (GA), there was no significant difference in mortality between the two groups (P=0.242), but a greater proportion of the SGA infants developed severe BPD (P=0.025). The SGA infants had a lower weight z-score at discharge (−3.64 vs. −1.66) (P=0.001), but a decrease in z-score from birth to discharge was observed in both groups (median −1.53 vs. −1.07, P=0.256).

Conclusion

Despite being more mature, the SGA infants had a similar mortality rate and a greater proportion developed severe BPD.
Impact of a 12-Week Postgraduate Training Course on the Body Composition and Physical Abilities of Police Trainees
Authors: Čvorović Aleksandar , Kukić Filip , Orr Robin M. , Dawes J. Jay , Jeknić Velimir , Stojković Miloš
Published: October 2018

Čvorović, A, Kukić, F, Orr, RM, Dawes, JJ, Jeknić, V, and Stojković, M. Impact of a 12-week postgraduate training course on the body composition and physical abilities of police trainees. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 826–832, 2021—The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of a 12-week physical training program on police trainees at the Abu Dhabi Police College. Anthropometric and fitness testing data for 325 healthy trainees, enrolled in an academic course for qualification as a police officer, were analyzed. The trainees were tested 3 times, during the initial (week 1), midpoint (week 7), and final testing (week 13) phases of the training program. The tested variables included anthropometry (body mass [BM]), body composition (body mass index [BMI]; waist circumference [WC]; waist-to-height ratio [WHtR]), upper-body muscular endurance (1-minute push-up [PU]), trunk muscular endurance (1-minute sit-up [SU]), and aerobic endurance (2.4-km run [RUN]). A 1-way analysis of variance with post hoc Bonferroni adjustment was performed to investigate the changes in anthropometry and fitness across the 3 testing periods with percentages of change calculated at each testing stage. Alpha levels were set at 0.05 a priori. Statistically significant differences (range of p values from p < 0.001 to p < 0.05) were found in all tested variables (BM, BMI, WC, WHtR, PU, SU, and RUN) and between all testing stages (initial, midpoint, and final). A progressive physical training program that incorporates mesocycles and midpoint evaluations can have a positive impact on the fitness of trainees even when undergoing a busy academy program.
Differences in the Electromyographic Activity of Lower-Body Muscles in Hip Thrust Variations
Authors: Collazo García César L. , Rueda Javier , Suárez Luginick Bruno , Navarro Enrique
Published: October 2018

Collazo García, CL, Rueda, J, Suárez Luginick, B, Navarro, E. Differences in the electromyographic activity of lower-body muscles in hip thrust variations. J Strength Cond Res 34(9): 2449–2455, 2020—Coaches often use variations of an exercise to train a specific muscle. The purpose of this study was to analyze motor patterns in 4 variations of one of the most popular strength training exercises for the lower body: the barbell hip thrust. Seven experienced personal trainers performed a series of 8 repetitions of each variation with a load of 40% one repetition maximum. Subjects rested 3′ between series. Electromyographic (EMG) muscle activity was measured in the rectus femoris, vastus medialis; vastus lateralis; gluteus maximus; gluteus medius; biceps femoris; and semitendinosus. Variations of the hip thrust exercise were performed by changing the position of the feet (feet were moving away from the body) and the direction of force exerted by subjects (intentional force aimed at hip's external rotation and knee's flexion). Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed significant differences in EMG in all muscles except for the gluteus medius, where no differences were observed among variations. The results obtained suggest that hip thrust variations have different motor patterns, which can be exploited to adapt an exercise to the individual needs of each athlete.
Response Time and Effectiveness in Elite Greco-Roman Wrestlers Under Simulated Fight Conditions
Authors: Gierczuk Dariusz , Bujak Zbigniew , Cieśliński Igor , Lyakh Vladimir , Sadowski Jerzy
Published: October 2018

Gierczuk, D, Bujak, Z, Cieśliński, I, Lyakh, V, and Sadowski, J. Response time and effectiveness in elite Greco-Roman wrestlers under simulated fight conditions. J Strength Cond Res 32(12): 3442–3449, 2018—The purpose of the study was to determine changes in response time and its correlations with tactical and technical actions performed by Greco-Roman wrestlers in a fight. Twenty wrestlers aged 19–25 (21.4

JOURNAL/jscr/04.03/00124278-201812000-00017/inline-formula1/v/2023-08-19T002809Z/r/image-tiff

1.8) years were divided into 2 groups, i.e., finalists of Polish Senior Championships (winners of 1st and 2nd places) and wrestlers who won 3rd–6th places in those competitions. The subjects from 1 group were individually paired with the wrestlers from the other group according to the same weight class. Response time before a fight and during the intervals between the 3 rounds was assessed. Batak Lite (test IV) was used in the study. The Polar M400 watch was used to register heart rate. Response time changed during a fight. The finalists showed significantly quicker reaction and performed a higher number of technical and tactical actions. The differences grew in the course of a fight, and the largest ones were observed during the third round. The strongest correlations were noted between response time and the number of technical and tactical actions performed during the third round (r = 0.77, p < 0.001). Response time is a significant determinant of wrestlers' results, which can be observed at submaximal intensity of the effort (176–195 b·min−1) during a fight.
Athletic Profile of Alpine Ski Racers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ferland Pierre-Marc , Comtois Alain S.
Published: October 2018

Ferland, PM and Comtois, AS. Athletic profile of alpine ski racers: a systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 32(12): 3591–3600, 2018—The purpose of this study was to review all anthropometric and physical test results performed on alpine ski racers that were published in the scientific literature to build an athletic profile specific to the skier's sex and level. Four electronic databases were systematically searched using the following key words: alpine, skiing, and physiology. The manual search was performed through the reference list of all suitable publications, the author's personal collection, and the proceedings of the International Congresses on Science and Skiing. The search and selection strategy permitted to gather data from 28 peer-reviewed publications that were collected on a total of 1,107 skiers coming from 11 different countries. Results of this study present the athletic profile and also review the different testing protocols. Findings show that men generally present higher test results than women and that higher-level ski racers generally present higher test results than lower-level ski racers. The present review should serve as guidelines for professionals working with alpine ski racers because most of the factors presented in the athletic profile have previously been shown to be related with performance. Further research should include more details on the testing protocols used, be directed toward female athletes, and present results from groups of athletes of the same sex and clearly identified as established at a certain level. These measures could help support further theoretical investigations.
Oxygen Uptake Slow Component and the Efficiency of Resistance Exercises
Authors: Garnacho-Castaño Manuel V. , Albesa-Albiol Lluis , Serra-Payá Noemí , Gomis Bataller Manuel , Pleguezuelos Cobo Eulogio , Guirao Cano Lluis , Guodemar-Pérez Jesús , Carbonell Teresa , Domínguez Raúl , Maté-Muñoz José Luis
Published: October 2018

Garnacho-Castaño, MV, Albesa-Albiol, L, Serra-Payá, N, Gomis Bataller, M, Pleguezuelos Cobo, E, Guirao Cano, L, Guodemar-Pérez, J, Carbonell, T, Domínguez, R, and Maté-Muñoz, JL. Oxygen uptake slow component and the efficiency of resistance exercises. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1014–1022, 2021—This study aimed to evaluate oxygen uptake slow component (V̇o
2sc) and mechanical economy/efficiency in half squat (HS) exercise during constant-load tests conducted at lactate threshold (LT) intensity. Nineteen healthy young men completed 3 HS exercise tests separated by 48-hour rest periods: 1 repetition maximum (1RM), incremental-load HS test to establish the %1RM corresponding to the LT, and constant-load HS test at the LT. During the last test, cardiorespiratory, lactate, and mechanical responses were monitored. Fatigue in the lower limbs was assessed before and after the constant-load test using a countermovement jump test. A slight and sustained increase of the V̇o
2sc and energy expended (EE) was observed (p < 0.001). In blood lactate, no differences were observed between set 3 to set 21 (p > 0.05). A slight and sustained decrease of half squat efficiency and gross mechanical efficiency (GME) was detected (p < 0.001). Significant inverse correlations were observed between V̇o
2 and GME (r = −0.93, p < 0.001). Inverse correlations were detected between EE and GME (r = −0.94, p < 0.001). Significant losses were observed in jump height ability and in mean power output (p < 0.001) in response to the constant-load HS test. In conclusion, V̇o
2sc and EE tended to rise slowly during constant-load HS exercise testing. This slight increase was associated with lowered efficiency throughout constant-load test and a decrease in jump capacity after testing. These findings would allow to elucidate the underlying fatigue mechanisms produced by resistance exercises in a constant-load test at LT intensity.
Web-Based Exercise Program Increases Cervical Strength in Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Wilson Julie C. , Levek Claire , Daoud Ariel K. , Brewer Matthew , Brooks Katelyn , Sochanska Ada , Randall Melissa , Provance Aaron J.
Published: October 2018

Wilson, JC, Levek, C, Daoud, AK, Brewer, M, Brooks, K, Sochanska, A, Randall, M, and Provance, AJ. Web-based exercise program increases cervical strength in adolescent athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1149–1155, 2021—This cohort study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a web-based 6-week cervical strengthening program on cervical strength in adolescent athletes. It was hypothesized that subjects completing the program would demonstrate significant increase in cervical muscle strength compared with baseline strength. Eighty-three high school soccer athlete subjects were recruited from 2 local nationally competitive soccer clubs. Teams were assigned to either control or intervention groups to minimize information crossover. Fifty subjects were recruited to the intervention group (29 male, 21 female; average age 15.1 years). Thirty-three subjects were recruited to the control group (21 male, 12 female; average age 15.1 years). Intervention group subjects completed a web-based progressive cervical strengthening program over 6 weeks. Cervical strength in flexion, extension, right and left lateral flexion (LLF) was measured in Newton (N) of force at 3 time points during the competitive season for both control and intervention groups. Intervention group subjects significantly increased cervical strength [mean difference (95% confidence interval)] in LLF [24.1 (15.9–32.4)], extension [27.9 (18.4–37.5)], right lateral flexion [18.8 (11.6–26.1)], and flexion [mean ratio: 1.2 (1.1–1.2)] at follow-up testing; whereas control subjects did not see significant changes in strength. A web-based progressive cervical strengthening program improves cervical muscular strength in a population of adolescent athletes over a period of 6 weeks. Such a program could be used by researchers in future studies evaluating the influence on concussion risk and by practitioners as a means of reducing sport-related head and neck injuries.
Influence of the ACTN3 Genotype and the Exercise Intensity on the Respiratory Exchange Ratio and Excess Oxygen Consumption After Exercise
Authors: de L. Corrêa Hugo , Ribeiro Heitor S. , Maya Áthila T. D. , Neves Rodrigo P. , de Moraes Milton R. , Lima Ricardo M. , Nóbrega Otávio T. , Ferreira Aparecido P.
Published: October 2018

de L. Corrêa, H, Ribeiro, HS, Maya, ÁTD, Neves, RP, de Moraes, MR, Lima, RM, Nóbrega, OT, and Ferreira, AP. Influence of the ACTN3 genotype and the exercise intensity on the respiratory exchange ratio and excess oxygen consumption after exercise. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1380–1388, 2021—This study aimed to assess the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) after high-intensity interval training and continuous moderate-intensity aerobic training in accordance with the ACTN3 genotype. A cross-sectional study with 30 physically active individuals who participated in 3 experimental sessions, as follows: a high-intensity interval aerobic exercise, for 3 minutes at 115% anaerobic threshold, with 90 seconds of passive recovery; a continuous moderate-intensity aerobic exercise at 85% anaerobic threshold; and a control session. Respiratory exchange ratio and V̇o
2 were obtained through an indirect, calorimetry-based gas analysis method, using a breath-by-breath approach, assessed at baseline, during the trials, and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after exercise. We found that lower postexercise RER values were observed only in subjects with the X allele, in both the high- and the moderate-intensity training protocols. Homozygous RR subjects showed no differences in postexercise RER compared with the scores at the control day. After both sessions of exercise, EPOC levels were higher compared with scores at the control day for 2 hours among X allele carriers, and only in the first hour among RR homozygous. Thus, the RER and EPOC presented different responses after moderate and intense exercise according to the ACTN3 genotype. Moreover, individuals with the X allele of the ACTN3 gene show a higher oxidation of fats in the postexercise period.
El componente racial influencia la resistencia a la infección con el virus de la leucosis bovina
Authors: Úsuga-Monroy Cristina , Echeverri José Julian , López-Herrera Albeiro
Published: October 2018

The bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that primarily affects dairy cattle, reducing milk production between 2.5 and 5%. The Colombian Blanco Orejinegro (BON) is a well-adapted, rustic, creole breed resistant to in vitro infections of Foot-and-mouth disease virus and vesicular stomatitis virus, as well as to Brucella abortus. This study aimed to determine if the crossing of BON and Holstein breeds is resistant to infection by BLV. Blood samples of 124 individuals (59 Holstein, 40 BON, and 25 BON x HOL) of the same herd were taken. The DNA was extracted, and a nested PCR was performed related to a region of the env gene of BLV. A fragment of 444 bp was obtained for positives animals. The molecular in-herd prevalence was 33% for BLV. A significant difference for BLV infection was found among the groups (p<0.05). The infection rate for the Holstein group was 55.9%, for BON cattle 5%, and for BON x HOL cattle 24%. The latter showed a reduction in the infection rate of 32% to the Holstein breed, which can be attributed to the presence of resistance genes in the BON breed. It was found that the level of infection is lower in BON x HOL cattle in contrast with Holstein dairy cows.
Az Eurotransplant-csatlakozás első öt éve Magyarországon
Authors: Langer Róbert
Published: October 2018

Abstract:

The author concludes lessons learned from Hungary joining Eurotransplant five years ago through the more than half a century history of the Hungarian organ transplantation. The result of the stepwise evolution is that today’s transplantation activity can be measured by a European benchmark. In comparison to the era before the membership, there are 40% more transplantations in the country. First the numbers of the living donor kidney transplantations significantly raised, followed by the organs transplanted from brain-dead donors: kidney, heart, pancreas, then liver and finally also lung. The ratio of the multiorgan donors changed from about 40% to more than 70%. A reassuring solution was found for the high urgent cases, for the paediatric transplants and for the highly immunized patients, who would have been in a desperate situation without Eurotransplant, but now every Hungarian end-stage organ failure patient has similar chances for getting a potential life-saving organ as their former luckier West-European counterparts. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(42): 1695–1699.
Jornalismo e práticas publicitárias nas representações sócio-culturais da saúde e da doença em uma perspectiva histórica
Authors: Franciscato Carlos Eduardo , Roeder Arthur Leonardo
Published: October 2018

Esta pesquisa apresenta modos como as experiências de constituição do jornalismo e da publicidade estão imbricadas na construção de representações sócio-culturais sobre a saúde na década de 1930 no Brasil. Para isso, problematizamos inicialmente modelos de modernização da mídia, considerando as diferenças entre o centro do País e estados periféricos. As metodologias utilizadas na pesquisa empírica foram a análise de conteúdo, a pesquisa documental e a pesquisa bibliográfica, tendo como objeto as peças publicitárias impressas publicadas no jornal Vida Laranjeirense, da cidade de Laranjeiras, interior de Sergipe, entre 1930 a 1936. Os resultados indicaram modos como as práticas publicitárias utilizaram o meio jornal para expressar uma transição entre um modelo sóciocultural de saúde de ordem popular e informal para um modelo cientificista e mercadológico.
A presença social dos deputados federais do Grande ABC no Facebook
Authors: Pessoni Arquimedes , Donato dos Santos Rita De Cássia
Published: October 2018

Este artigo propõe reflexão sobre a comunicação política na cibercultura, discorrendo sobre o uso do Facebook nas campanhas eleitorais dos deputados federais do Grande ABC em 2014. Guiada por entrevistas abertas e análise de conteúdo qualitativa das fanpages desses personagens, buscou-se identificar a presença social dos parlamentares a partir das categorias instituídas por Rourke et al. (2001): afetividade, coesão e interatividade. Optou-se pela semana construída para analisar uma amostragem dos posts veiculados no período eleitoral, com o suporte do software Atlas TI. Os resultados refletem a presença social coesiva, em ambos os casos, pautada no fortalecimento de grupos políticos e na relação de proximidade com as comunidades locais.
Formeringen av det pedagogiska kunskapsområdet
Authors: Forsberg Eva , Sundberg Daniel
Published: October 2018

Saknas
Två artskilda perioder för pedagogisk forskning
Authors: Englund Tomas
Published: October 2018

How might we explain and understand Swedish educational policy and the development of the Swedish school system, from the comprehensive, equality-oriented direction introduced in the early 1960s to the fragmented and divided system of today? In the following I will claim that two fundamentally different educational policy periods can be discerned. The first coincides with the first three decades of the comprehensive school system, from 1962 to 1989, the second with the three decades from 1989/1990 to the present. These two periods have created quite different conditions for the work of schools, and also for educational research. The crucial reforms laying the foundations for the shift in educational policy between the two periods were heavily influenced and inspired by the transnational emphasis in the late 1980s on the individual rights set out in international conventions, implying a parental right to educational authority.

In recent decades, the consequences of this shift have manifested themselves in a partly privatised and marketized school system, characterised and driven by a logic clearly distinguished from the ideals and aspirations underpinning the struggles of the earlier period for a democratic and equality-oriented school system.
Pedagogik blir pedagogik och didaktik vid Stockholms universitet
Authors: Qvarsell Birgitta
Published: October 2018

This article is primarily based on my experiences as professor of Education during the last years of 1990 and first years of 2000, being appointed professor in 1992 and becoming emerita in 2005. With a background in psychology and a licentiate thesis in this discipline I had to tackle the question of the relationship between psychology and education in 1969 when I left psychology for education as academic subject. During the period which I overview a number of new positions as professor, appointed as well as promoted, were important as were adjunct professors, recruited to bridge the gap between academy and society at the department. The two main tasks of a university, education and research, came to be in important ways related to a third task – the cooperation with the world outside the academy, We recruited important persons from abroad as doctors of honors, which improved the quality of research as well as the variation of content in courses. My own interest within what I prefer to name Educology concerns primarily childhood culture and the possibility to interpret its importance with the help of theories of socialization and knowledge formation, which in my case have an origin in psychology of perception and philosophy. What has happened at the department from 1969 (starting as a lecturer), via the appointment as professor 1992 and to my retirement 2005 is viewed from my perspective with focus on events that are of importance for my experience. I have taken up some important authors who are not always acting within the discipline of Educology, or even education, but rather important as challengers in a broader sense. I finish my article with a focus on future development, pointing out possibilities to broaden as well as identifying new important challenges, without losing scientific ambitions.
Didaktiken som en ny, utbildningsvetenskaplig skärningspunkt
Authors: Selander Staffan
Published: October 2018

För drygt hundra år sedan frigjordes de pedagogiska frågorna från den filosofiska domänen. 1910 tillträdde Bertil Hammer som vårt lands förste professor i pedagogik. Ett av de skäl som angavs för denna professur var lärarutbildningens behov av vetenskaplig förankring. Hammer skrev fram ett ambitiöst program, där pedagogiken skulle omfatta kunskaper om lärande (psykologi), kunskaper om utbildning och samhälle (historia/sociologi) samt kunskaper om vad som kan anses rätt och gott (filosofi).

Det skulle dock gå många år innan hela detta program realiserades fullt ut. Pedagogiken förblev fram till 1950-talet förankrad i psykologin. På 1960-talet diskuterades de sociala aspekterna allt livligare (en diskussion som inom disciplinen började med Urban Dahllöfs arbeten och sedan utvidgades, med delvis annan riktning, av Ulf P. Lundgren), och först på 1990-talet slog de filosofiska aspekterna igenom (med början i Tomas Englunds pragmatiska inriktning, följt av bland andra Klas Roth).

1996 inrättades landets första professur i didaktik, intressant nog med liknande motivering som den första professuren i pedagogik – i syfte att stärka lärarutbildningens vetenskapliga grund. Då jag tillträdde denna professur var det pedagogiska landskapet som ett slagfält med åsiktslinjer och skyttegravar, och jag fick diverse frågor om vilken sida jag stod på: pedagogikens eller didaktikens, didaktikens eller ämnesdidaktikens, det pedagogiska arbetets eller utbildningssociologins sida och så vidare. Men min uppgift var inte, som jag såg det, att välja sida. Snarare ville jag som ämnesföreträdare utveckla något nytt. Det vid den tiden nyvaknade intresset för ämnesdidaktiska frågor (som Ference Marton redan under 1980-talet hade diskuterat i termer av fack-didaktik), liksom de professionsorienterade frågorna, utgjorde en ny fond för mitt intresse. Härutöver utgjorde frågor om språk, social-semiotik och multimodalitet ett intressant område för att förstå kunskapsrepresentationer och lärande, något som också utgjorde ett nytt perspektiv på frågan om lärande: synen på lärande som teckenskapande och meningsskapande kommunikation i stället för en fråga om individuell begåvning, kapacitet eller förmåga. Men ämnesdidaktiken bidrog även med kunskaper kring lärande av olika kunskapsområden, vilket i sin tur gav upphov till nya frågor jämfört med synen på lärande som en generell förmåga. Och allt detta påverkade i sin tur synen på lärararbetet.

Så småningom sammanlänkades allt detta för mig i ett design-orienterat perspektiv på undervisning och lärande. Jag vill berätta denna historia ur ett högst personligt perspektiv. Hela det didaktiska fältet är mångfacetterat och fyllt av allehanda traditioner. Här vill jag berätta om min egen väg – i termer av tre olika ”vändningar”. Dessa vändningar är förstås påverkade av sin tid, men i viss mån har jag också bidragit till dessa vändningar.
Auftreten und Management von Endoparasiten bei Alpakas in Deutschland und Österreich
Authors: Joachim Anja , Wittek Thomas , Kultscher Luise
Published: October 2018

Ziel der Studie war, einen Überblick über Management, Diagnostik, Prophylaxe und Therapie von Endoparasitosen in Alpakaherden und die Wahrnehmung durch die Tierhalter zu erhalten, die Ergebnisse mit Managementdaten zu verknüpfen und daraus Empfehlungen hinsichtlich Prävention und Prophylaxe von Endoparasitosen bei Neuweltkameliden abzuleiten. Material und Methoden: Ein Fragebogen sammelte Angaben zu Haltung, Fütterung und Pflege der Tiere sowie zu Häufigkeit des Auftretens, Prophylaxe und Therapie von Endoparasitosen. Der an 349 alpakahaltende Betriebe in Deutschland und 67 Betriebe in Österreich versandte Fragebogen wurde von 81 Betrieben, 65 in Deutschland (18,6 %) und 16 (23,9 %) in Österreich, ausgefüllt. Ergebnisse: Parasitologische Kotuntersuchungen hatten 91,0 % der Betriebe veranlasst, jedoch mit stark differierender Frequenz. Ein signifikanter Unterschied hinsichtlich der regionalen Verteilung von Parasiten bestand nicht. Kokzidien und Magen-Darm-Strongyliden stellten die häufigsten Befunde der Kotuntersuchungen dar. Die Einschätzung der Weidebeschaffenheit wies einen relativ geringen Zusammenhang zum Endoparasitenbefall auf. Eine eingeschränkte Wirksamkeit von Antiparasitika vermuteten 17,2 % der Betriebe in Deutschland und 12,5 % in Österreich. Als Anthelminthikum verwendeten 80,0 % der Betriebe ein makrozyklisches Lakton, doch waren auch Benzimidazole und Monepantel relativ weit verbreitet und 61,0 % der Besitzer gaben an, Präparatwechsel durchzuführen. In großen Betrieben (≥ 50 Tiere) kam es unabhängig vom Platzangebot häufiger zu Todesfällen durch Endoparasitosen (hauptsächlich durch Haemonchus contortus) als in kleineren Betrieben (≤ 10 Tiere). Schlussfolgerung: Eine wichtige Empfehlung aus der Auswertung der Umfrage ist, vor jeder Entwurmung eine Kotuntersuchung durchzuführen, um Kenntnisse zur Parasitensituation im Bestand zu erhalten und so nicht notwendige bzw. unwirksame Behandlungen und unnötige Präparatwechsel zu vermeiden. Dies ermöglicht eine selektive, gezielte Entwurmung der Tiere, die bisher lediglich bei 29,0 % der Betriebe in Deutschland und 35,7 % in Österreich praktiziert wird.
Erfassung und Bewertung von akutem und chronischem Schmerz anhand ethologischer Merkmale bei weiblichen Merinofleischschafen
Authors: Fieseler Helena , Weck Romy , Kaiser Matthias , Müller Hendrik , Spilke Joachim , Mielenz Norbert , Möbius Gerd , Starke Alexander
Published: October 2018

Ziel: Die Erkennung von Schmerz ist beim Schaf eine Herausforderung, denn als potenzielles Beutetier tendiert es instinktiv dazu, diesen nicht zu zeigen. Da sich Schmerz beim Tier nicht direkt erfassen lässt, werden seine Auswirkungen auf physiologische, biochemische und ethologische Prozesse mit diversen Methoden ermittelt. Die Beurteilung von Verhalten durch erfahrene Beobachter liefert gute Ergebnisse für die Schmerzevaluierung. Ziel der Studie war, Verhaltensmerkmale zu identifizieren, mit denen Schafe akute und chronische Schmerzen sowie Stress zum Ausdruck bringen. Methoden: Bei 36 Merinofleischschafen mit Läsionen einer Dermatitis interdigitalis contagiosa und 12 gesunden Kontrolltieren wurde das Verhalten in der Herde sowie während der Behandlung der Läsionen bzw. der Klauenpflege erfasst. Die beobachteten Merkmale wurden mit numerischen Scores bewertet. Das Vorliegen der Läsionen war als chronischer Schmerzreiz, das Freilegen dieser als akuter Schmerzreiz definiert. Zur Stressbeurteilung während der Behandlung wurden die Daten der gesunden Tiere herangezogen. Ergebnisse: Die deutlichsten Hinweise auf das Vorliegen chronischer Schmerzen lieferten Entlastungshaltung, Trippeln und Veränderungen im Gangbild. Zudem setzten erkrankte Schafe häufiger Harn ab. Vermehrtes Zähneknirschen trat bei diesen Tieren nur stressassoziiert während der Behandlung auf und nicht in der Herde. Während der Behandlung konnten Wedeln mit dem Schwanz und gesteigerte Abwehrbewegungen mit den Gliedmaßen als Ausdruck akuten Schmerzes identifiziert werden. Das Schlagen mit dem Kopf schien vor allem stressassoziiert durch die Rückenlage aufzutreten, dennoch wurde es unter akuten Schmerzen vermehrt ausgeprägt. Schlussfolgerung: Die genannten Merkmale erwiesen sich als geeignet, Schmerzen zu identifizieren. Die Beurteilung erfordert allerdings eine Beobachtung der Tiere durch eine trainierte Person.