bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Good neighbors? Does aggregation of nests in an Arctic‐breeding shorebird influence daily survival rates?
Authors: Freeman Scott L. , Luff Katelyn M. , Gurney Kirsty E. B.
Published: June 2023

Our current understanding of the factors that influence where birds nest is incomplete, yet such information is important for accurate demographic assessments. To address questions related to spatial distributions of shorebird nests and to evaluate factors that may affect nest distribution in these species, during 2017 and 2019, we studied a small population of semipalmated sandpiperCalidris pusillabreeding in the Central Canadian Arctic, near the Karrak Lake Research Station, in Nunavut. The spatial distribution of semipalmated sandpiper nests at this site suggested loose aggregation, with median nearest neighbor distances of 73.8 m and 92.0 m in 2017 and 2019, respectively, while no nests were detected on mainland areas in the vicinity. Evidence for the influence of nesting distribution on the daily survival rate of nests, however, was mixed. Neither nearest neighbor distance nor local nest density had a significant effect on daily nest survival in 2017, but in 2019, the best approximating model included an effect of local nest density, which indicated that nests in areas of high density had reduced survival rates. Contrary to other studies assessing settlement and nest site selection in semipalmated sandpipers, the spatial distribution of nests in this population demonstrates aggregation in an otherwise territorial species, but suggests that aggregated nesting can impose a cost on nest survival under certain conditions.
Roadmap towards an institutional Impella programme for high‐risk coronary interventions
Authors: Pietrasik Arkadiusz , Gąsecka Aleksandra , Jasińska‐Gniadzik Karolina , Szwed Piotr , Grygier Marek , Pawłowski Tomasz , Sacha Jerzy , Kochman Janusz
Published: June 2023

Coronary artery disease (CAD) and its complications remain the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Patients with extensive CAD and multiple comorbidities who require complex, high‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention (HR‐PCI) are at risk of haemodynamic instability and may require short‐term mechanical circulatory support (MCS) during the procedure to maintain sufficient perfusion and prevent ischaemia. Impella is a microaxial continuous blood flow pump used for percutaneous support of the left ventricle in patients undergoing HR‐PCI. Data from randomized controlled trials and registries suggested an advantage for Impella devices in patients undergoing HR‐PCI, compared with other types of MCS. As a thorough understanding of the benefits and drawbacks of the Impella technology is crucial for patient outcomes, we provide a technological overview of Impella and share our experiences gathered during the implementation of institutional Impella programmes in Poland as a roadmap of selection and periprocedural care for patients treated with Impella in the setting of HR‐PCI. We propose 10 steps for implementation of an institutional Impella programme for HR‐PCI, including (i) dedicated staff training; (ii) standard operating procedure and troubleshooting algorithms prior to the first intervention; (iii) patient selection by the multidisciplinary Heart Team; (iv) patient preparation using multimodality imaging; (v) procedure planning in terms of large‐bore access, equipment, and complete revascularization; (vi) starting with HR‐PCI support; (vii) starting with femoral artery access in a patient without extensive peripheral artery disease; (viii) multidisciplinary care after the procedure; (ix) haemodynamic and laboratory monitoring to ensure immediate diagnosis of access‐site complications, bleeding, haemolysis, acute kidney injury, and infections; and (x) careful revision of every HR‐PCI case with the team.
Visible Light Mediated Halogen Atom Transfer to Access Polyhalogenated and Deuterated Lactams from Alkyl Halides
Authors: Arora Shivani , Singh Tavinder , Mondal Umasankar , Singh Anand
Published: June 2023

A visible light mediated protocol for the synthesis of polyhalogenated and deuterated δ‐ and γ‐lactams from readily available alkyl halides is reported. The reaction involves the generation of haloalkyl radicals through halogen atom transfer (XAT) and subsequent arylalkylation of olefins to afford dihydroisoquinolinones and oxindoles. This new XAT protocol exhibits wide scope under mild conditions and enables access to new halogenated chemical space.
Barriers and drivers to increasing sustainable bivalve seafood consumption in a mass market economy
Authors: Gawel Jacob P. F. , Aldridge David C. , Willer David F.
Published: June 2023

Bivalve mollusc meat—that from mussels, clams, and oysters—offers a highly sustainable and nutritious alternative to meat from other shellfish, fish, or livestock. However, bivalves are an unpopular mass market food relative to these other meat items, limiting our ability to reap potential environmental and health benefits. Hence, this study aimed to assess current barriers to and drivers for bivalve consumption and investigated whether offering bivalves in a highly transformed (i.e., more processed) product format might help to drive consumption. The United Kingdom was used as a case study, and the study was performed via an online survey. Nutrition and quality of ingredients were key drivers, and price and convenience key barriers to bivalve consumption, with views on taste/smell/texture mixed. The more regularly individuals consumed meat, the more willing they were to try bivalves, and those who thought bivalves were healthier or more environmentally friendly than livestock were more likely to substitute bivalves for meat. Importantly, individuals were more willing to substitute highly transformed than minimally transformed (i.e., unprocessed) meats for bivalves. They were also willing to pay more for highly transformed bivalves than any other highly transformed meat product. We suggest that greater publicity regarding the health and environmental benefits of bivalve meat, and industry engagement to develop and pilot a greater range of appealing, affordable, and convenient bivalve products, are key actions that can help drive growth in the bivalve sector for planetary benefit.
Impact of crude oil volatility jumps on sustainable investments: Evidence from India
Authors: Dutta Anupam , Kanjilal Kakali , Ghosh Sajal , Park Donghyun , Uddin Gazi Salah
Published: June 2023

This study examines the impact of crude oil volatility jumps on the realized volatility (RV) of green and dirty stocks in India. In doing so, we first estimate the time‐varying jumps in oil market implied volatility index (OVX) and then augment the heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) process with the information on such jumps. Our sample runs from December 2012 to April 2022, which includes 2328 data points. Comparing a range of HAR‐type models, we find that crude oil volatility jumps provide additional information, which is not contained even in the OVX index itself. In particular, the HAR–RV model that considers both leverage effects and the information on volatility jumps produces superior forecasts compared with the existing approaches. The economic significance of these results is also supported by a simple value‐at‐risk analysis.
Gender perspectives on electric micromobility use
Authors: Parnell Katie J. , Merriman Siobhan E. , Plant Katherine L.
Published: June 2023

Electric micromobility (e‐micromobility) offers the potential to enhance the sustainability of first‐ and last‐mile journeys in urban areas by reducing the number of private vehicle trips. As a new mode of transport, it is imperative that it is not subject to the same male bias that has been evidenced across our existing transport networks. An in‐depth qualitative study was conducted with 24 UK participants (12 females) to assess the gender factors that relate to the incentives and barriers of e‐micromobility (electric bike and electric scooter) use. Focus groups and interviews were conducted and the data analysis was disaggregated by gender to reveal the differences and similarities between female and male perspectives on e‐micromobility use. Differences in the types of trips made and perceptions of fear were prevalent. Key gender‐related findings and recommendations are made. By reviewing, and acting upon, the different perspectives that males and females have towards e‐micromobility they can be made more inclusive for all. This can enhance their uptake and reduce the dependence on private vehicles.
The effects of an intervention program on psychosocial factors and consequences during the COVID‐19 pandemic in a Chilean technology services company: A quasiexperimental study
Authors: Lavarello‐Salinas Julio , Kramm‐Vergara Verónica , Gil‐LaOrden Pedro , Gil‐Monte Pedro R.
Published: June 2023

Background and Aims

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, mental health became a relevant factor in people's performance within organizations. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of an organizational intervention program on the psychosocial factors of demands, resources, and the consequences of psychosocial risks in a technology services company during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

A quasiexperimental study was carried out with 105 employees who took part in an 8‐week intervention program divided into two large stages. Pre‐ and postmeasurements were collected using the UNIPSICO Questionnaire, considering its factors of demands, resources, and consequences of psychosocial risks. The Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI) was also included.

Results

The results showed significant improvements in the perception of the following psychosocial demand factors: Role conflict (p < 0.001), Role ambiguity, workload, interpersonal conflicts (p < 0.05). In the resource factors: autonomy, work social support, feedback (p < 0.001) Resources at work, transformational leadership, and self‐efficacy (p < 0.05). In addition, all the consequences of psychosocial risks have improvements: Indolence, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction (p < 0.001), Burnout syndrome, enthusiasm toward the job, and psychosomatic problems (p < 0.05), except the Guilt dimension of the SBI.

Conclusion

We can conclude that the program was effective and that the study limitations should be improved in future studies.
Better understanding extrapulmonary tuberculosis: A scoping review of public health impact in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Bangladesh
Authors: Jawed Areesha , Tharwani Zoaib Habib , Siddiqui Amna , Masood Waniyah , Qamar Khulud , Islam Zarmina , Jawed Aleeza , Shah Muzhgan , Adnan Alishba , Essar Mohammad Yasir , Rackimuthu Sudhan , Head Michael G.
Published: June 2023

Background and Aims

South Asian countries, including Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Bangladesh, have a high prevalence of pulmonary and extra‐pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). This prevalence is influenced by various risk factors such as ethnicity, nutrition, socioeconomic disparities, high out‐of‐pocket healthcare expenses, and specific Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (TB) lineages. The COVID‐19 pandemic has likely hindered access to healthcare and led to under‐reporting of EPTB cases nationally and internationally. This rapid review aimed to summarize the literature on the prevalence and disease outcomes of EPTB in the mentioned countries, compare the situations across countries, and provide recommendations for future action.

Methods

The review utilized PubMed and Google Scholar databases to search for literature on EPTB in South Asian countries. The search string included keywords related to different forms of EPTB and the countries of interest while excluding pulmonary tuberculosis.

Results

The results showed that both TB, including drug‐resistant TB, and EPTB are prevalent and burdensome in South Asia. In Pakistan, pleural TB was the most commonly reported form of EPTB, followed by lymph node TB, abdominal TB, osteoarticular TB, Central Nervous System TB, and miliary TB. In India, lymph node TB(LNTB) was more common among EPTB cases. Bangladesh reported a high prevalence of EPTB involving lymph node, pleura, and abdomen, while Afghanistan had a higher prevalence of forms such as LNTB and tuberculous meningitis.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the prevalence of EPTB in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Bangladesh is alarmingly high and negatively impacts population health. Effective measures are needed for treatment and management of this condition, along with addressing current and future challenges. Strengthening the evidence base through surveillance and research is crucial to understand the patterns and significant factors related to EPTB, requiring investment in these areas.
Life goal selection pattern and purpose in adolescence: A latent class analysis
Authors: Hung ChenYu , Ni Yue , Geldhof G. John , Berg Juliette , McMahon Robert
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the goal selection patterns among adolescents and examines the extent to which goals focused on oneself, relationships, and the larger community were associated with variability of daily purpose and mean level sense of purpose in life.

Methods

Participants were 213 high school students with an average age of 15.18 years in an urban public school district in the Northeast United States. Students were asked to select their three most important goals one time and report on their sense of purpose once a day for 3 weeks in spring of 2022. Latent class analysis was used to classify students by the type of goals selected. Differences in the overall sense of purpose and its subscales by class were examined.

Results

A model with four classes (Self and Inner Circle, Inner Circle, Other‐Oriented, and Self‐Oriented) best fits the data. There were no statistical group differences in the variability of daily purpose and overall sense of purpose. Only one pairwise comparison was significant and indicated that students in the Other‐Oriented group perceived their purpose as more meaningful than students in the Self and Inner Circle group.

Conclusions

Findings from this study provide a lens into goal prioritization patterns among adolescents. Further, although students who were more likely to select other‐oriented goals had somewhat higher perceptions of sense of purpose, findings support the concept of equifinality by suggesting that a sense of purpose may be actualized through a diverse set of specific goals.
Methodological changes to improve retention: Results from two pediatric cognitive behavioral therapy studies
Authors: Cromer Lisa DeMarni , Pangelinan Brooke A. F. , El Sabbagh Elissar , Rischard Mollie E. , Capellupo Caroline , Buck Tara R.
Published: June 2023

Objective

Retention is challenging in clinical research with pediatric populations. The retention obstacles that are experienced in adult samples are compounded because child samples depend on caregiver support and engagement. The present paper describes retention improvements following protocol adaptations across a pair of cognitive behavioral pilot studies for nightmare sufferers aged 6–17.

Methods

Study 1 (N = 20) focused retention efforts on rapport and engagement, flexible scheduling, treatment location choice, and incentives. Study 2 (N = 31) sought to increase retention by improving continuity of care, increasing scheduling flexibility, reducing participant time and effort, and increasing choice and attractiveness of incentives.

Results

Only 13 participants (65%) were retained in Study 1; n = 6 (54.5%) treatment and n = 7 (77.78%) waitlist. In contrast, 29 participants (93.5%) were retained in Study 2; n = 15 (93.8%) treatment and n = 14 (93.3%) waitlist.

Conclusion

We conclude that asking for and responding to patient feedback to assess all perceived barriers and burdens for participants is essential to ensure that benefits exceed effort. Allowing choices in size and frequency of incentives, as well as improving continuity of care, and reducing session length even while increasing number of sessions, were noted improvements in Study 2.
A morphological study and the variability in the number of infraorbital foramina in the African green monkey (Grivet) (Chlorocebus aethiops) using microcomputed tomography
Authors: Mrożek Kamil , Marchewka Justyna , Leszczyński Bartosz
Published: June 2023

Knowledge of the nonhuman primate morphology and anatomy related to craniofacial mechanoreception is essential for a fundamental understanding of the incidents that have occurred during the evolution of craniofacial features. The present study focuses on the variability in the number of infraorbital foramina and associated anatomical structures such as the infraorbital canal (IOC) and the infraorbital groove (IOG), as they are considered to play an important role in the behavioral ecology of these animals. A total of 19 skulls of Chlorocebus aethiops were analyzed. The number of infraorbital foramina was assessed macroscopically using a magnifying glass and a small diameter probe. Three dimensional (3D) projections and morphometric analysis of the infraorbital foramina, IOCs, and IOGs were performed using microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) for two skulls that represent one of the most common morphological types. Regardless of sex and body side, the most common morphological type observed in the studied species is the presence of three infraorbital foramina. The IOC takes a funnel or pinched shape. 3D projections were made to assess the course of the infraorbital vascular and nerve bundles in selected individuals. The results indicate a high morphological diversity within the species, although there appears to be a consistent distribution pattern of infraorbital neurovascular bundles in species of the Cercopithecidae family. The use of X‐ray micro‐CT allowed 3D visualization of the maxillary region to determine the variability of the infraorbital foramina and to track the division of the infraorbital neurovascular bundle in the case of the most common macroscopic expression of the number of the infraorbital foramen in C. aethiops, as well as the morphometric of the IOCs and IOGs which are related to mechanoreception of the primate's snout.
Brightening and Control of Spin‐Forbidden Dark Excitons in a Strained Monolayer Semiconductor
Authors: Du Shuo , Jin Feng , Liu Xinbao , Huang Xin , Yang Yang , Yang Haifang , Li Junjie , Zhang Qingming , Meng Sheng , Guo Yang , Gu Changzhi
Published: June 2023

Dark excitons are fascinating for condensed matter physics, quantum information processing, and optoelectronics due to their long lifetimes. However, direct optical access to dark excitons is still challenging due to the violation of the spin selection rule. Here, a new scheme for the brightening of spin‐forbidden dark exciton in WS2 monolayers by creating artificial out‐of‐plane shear strain that induces an effective in‐plane pseudo‐magnetic field is proposed. To reveal dark excitons, low‐temperature magneto‐photoluminescence experiments on the strained WS2 monolayers are performed. It is found that the dark excitons appear at 59 meV below the bright ones and exhibit an asymmetric magnetic field dependence, which is in agreement with the model taking into account the effect of the out‐of‐plane shear strain on spin‐flip processes of exciton states. The fieldless scheme has great potential in the application of dark excitons for new quantum information processing devices.
Fluorine Polymer‐Modified Dion‐Jacobson Perovskites Enabling Sky‐Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes with an Efficiency of 16.55%
Authors: Zhao Haiyan , Xuan Tongtong , Bai Wenhao , Dong Haorui , Dong Guoyan , Xie Rong‐Jun
Published: June 2023

Quasi‐2D Dion‐Jacobson (DJ) perovskites are promising candidates for fabricating high‐performance blue‐emitting perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) because of their strong quantum/dielectric confinement and high stability. However, obtaining high‐efficiency blue PeLEDs based on DJ perovskites remains a major challenge. Herein, sky‐blue DJ perovskites are synthesized by using 1,8‐diamino‐3,6‐dioxaoctane as an organic diamine and high‐quality perovskite films are prepared by incorporating poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) as an additive, aiming to improve the photoluminescence quantum yield and electron carrier mobility of the film used as an emissive layer in PeLEDs. Finally, sky‐blue PeLEDs using PVDF‐HFP‐modified DJ perovskite films are demonstrated to show a high maximum external quantum efficiency of 16.55%. A promising strategy is provided to design high‐quality perovskite films for constructing high‐performance blue PeLEDs.
The seller's status‐signaling fallacy
Authors: Moyal Adiel , Garcia Stephen M.
Published: June 2023

The present research introduces the seller's status‐signaling fallacy: Sellers tend to use status signals to attract buyers, but buyers actually prefer sellers who do not signal status. Across six studies we demonstrate the effect using different operationalizations of status and various products for sale. Study 1 demonstrates this effect in contexts where sellers and buyers make initial sales connections. Study 2 replicates the effect in transaction situations where the buyer actually chooses the seller from whom to buy. Studies 3a and 3b reveal a novel mediation model according to which the seller's status signaling is perceived by buyers as an unsuccessful impression management attempt, which ultimately leads those buyers to prefer sellers who do not try to impress them through status signaling. Finally, studies 4a and 4b demonstrate the robustness of the effect in an incentivized setting and explore boundary conditions. This work enriches the growing literature on status signals in two ways. First, it shows that sellers mistakenly believe that such signaling is beneficial for them. Second, contrary to accepted wisdom, it shows that such signaling repels buyers. In the gig‐economy era, where everyone can become a seller in the marketplace, these findings are highly applicable.
Application of stem cells in regeneration medicine
Authors: Jin Ye , Li Shuangyang , Yu Qixuan , Chen Tianli , Liu Da
Published: June 2023

Regeneration is a complex process affected by many elements independent or combined, including inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Stem cells is a class of primitive cells with the potentiality of differentiation, regenerate with self‐replication, multidirectional differentiation, and immunomodulatory functions. Stem cells and their cytokines not only inextricably linked to the regeneration of ectodermal and skin tissues, but also can be used for the treatment of a variety of chronic wounds. Stem cells can produce exosomes in a paracrine manner. Stem cell exosomes play an important role in tissue regeneration, repair, and accelerated wound healing, the biological properties of which are similar with stem cells, while stem cell exosomes are safer and more effective. Skin and bone tissues are critical organs in the body, which are essential for sustaining life activities. The weak repairing ability leads a pronounced impact on the quality of life of patients, which could be alleviated by stem cell exosomes treatment. However, there are obstacles that stem cells and stem cells exosomes trough skin for improved bioavailability. This paper summarizes the applications and mechanisms of stem cells and stem cells exosomes for skin and bone healing. We also propose new ways of utilizing stem cells and their exosomes through different nanoformulations, liposomes and nanoliposomes, polymer micelles, microspheres, hydrogels, and scaffold microneedles, to improve their use in tissue healing and regeneration.
Fostering resilience during the COVID‐19 pandemic via a digital mental health intervention—A pilot study
Authors: Kulke Jennifer K. , Nacke Barbara , Jacobi Corinna
Published: June 2023

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, mental health burden of university members sharply increased. Specific interventions to address pandemic‐related psychological distress did not yet exist. Current studies show that digital interventions reduce this burden, the investigation of changes in resilience as an outcome is lacking in these studies though. We therefore developed and evaluated the internet‐ and mobile‐based intervention “bounce” to foster resilience, reduce perceived stress, and psychological symptom burden among university members during the pandemic. The 8‐week, unguided internet‐ and mobile‐based intervention consists of one mandatory module promoting resilience and six optional modules on pandemic‐related topics. The study was designed as a one‐arm, longitudinal pilot study with a baseline and postintervention assessment and self‐reported resilience, perceived stress, and psychological symptom burden as outcome measures. The use and acceptance of the intervention modules were recorded and analyzed. A total of 798 individuals were given access to the intervention (n = 70 employees, n = 728 students, M = 26.05 years, 71.8% women). Of these, 273 participants (34%) completed the postassessment. On average, participants logged on to the intervention platform four times and completed an average of 1.90 (SD = 1.64) modules. The intervention as a whole and all modules were well accepted by participants. Intention‐to‐treat analyses showed a significant increase in resilience (t = −4.69, p < 0.001, d = 0.23) and a significant reduction in perceived stress (t = 6.50, p < 0.001, d = 0.32), and psychological symptom burden (t = 3.59, p < 0.001, d = 0.18) from baseline to postintervention. This study demonstrates that digital interventions can be easily developed and used as means to reduce mental health burden in large populations during a pandemic. The need for randomized controlled trials with follow‐up assessments to examine longer‐term effects and revisions of the intervention to increase effectiveness and use are discussed.
Effectiveness of a remote pilot certification training for agricultural professionals
Authors: de Koff Jason P.
Published: June 2023

Drones are a technology being implemented to provide additional information to farmers about their production systems. It is important for agricultural educators, researchers, and other agricultural service professionals to engage in using drones to help provide answers to farmer questions and help expand farmer awareness of their potential uses. To engage in these activities, an educator or researcher must receive their remote pilot certification [certification required by the Federal Aviation Administration for educational activities utilizing drones]. Two separate drone certification trainings were implemented in Princeton and Lexington, KY in 2020. The effectiveness of the trainings, along with their use of learning activities such as lecture tutorials and a sample exam, were assessed. Overall, participants in both locations self‐identified significant increases in their knowledge of each topic and potential behavioral change as a result of the workshop with some differences between locations. Sample exam scores increased by over 10% in each location following the training. The sectional chart and Aviation Routine Weather Report lecture tutorials were highly rated as 89% and 100% of respondents, respectively, either somewhat agreed, agreed, or strongly agreed that they helped them learn the material. This study provides results and relevant information for the administration of effective drone certification trainings.
A focused review on recycling and hydrolysis techniques of polyethylene terephthalate
Authors: Abedsoltan Hossein
Published: June 2023

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is used in textile and packaging industries. The main source of PET production is fossil fuels with limited capacity. Also, PET products are single use that transform into high volumes of wastes, causing ecosystem problems. Recycling is proposed to confront this challenge. The four major PET recycling techniques are mechanical, chemical, pyrolysis, and enzymatic. Mechanical, pyrolysis, and enzymatic techniques have constrained capabilities to manage PET waste. Chemical recycling is the potential path to expanding recycling PET waste with possibility of upcycling and addressing dirty waste streams. Several chemical methods are introduced and discussed in literature. The five major chemical recycling techniques are glycolysis, alcoholysis, aminolysis, ammonolysis, and hydrolysis. This review describes PET depolymerization via these techniques and introduces hydrolysis as the one that can depolymerize PET in an organic‐free solvent environment. Hydrolysis tolerates PET mixed wastes streams including copolymers. It helps avoid challenges attributed to using organic solvents in reaction systems. Moreover, hydrolysis produces terephthalic acid, PET monomer, which has recently gained attention as the initiative monomer for PET production. The review focuses on three forms of hydrolysis—alkaline, neutral, and acid, by presenting background studies, issued patents, and recent trends on application of hydrolysis.
Effects of fungicides on fitness and Buchnera endosymbiont density in Aphis gossypii
Authors: Gao Yong‐Fu , Ren Ya‐Jing , Chen Jin‐Cui , Cao Li‐Jun , Qiao Guang‐Hang , Zong Shi‐Xiang , Hoffmann Ary A. , Wei Shu‐Jun , Yang Qiong
Published: June 2023

Background

Several agricultural fungicides are known to affect insect pests directly and these effects may be transgenerational and mediated through impacts on endosymbionts, providing opportunities for pest control. The cotton aphid Aphis gossypii is a polyphagous pest that can cause large crop yield losses. Here, we tested the effects of three fungicides, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin and chlorothalonil, on the fitness and Buchnera endosymbiont of A. gossypii.

Results

The formulations of trifloxystrobin and pyraclostrobin, and the active ingredient of pyraclostrobin produced dose‐dependent mortality in A. gossypii, whereas there was no dose‐dependent mortality for chlorothalonil. The formulations of trifloxystrobin and pyraclostrobin significantly reduced the lifespan and fecundity of A. gossypii, and increased the density of Buchnera in the parental generation but not the (unexposed) F1. When the active ingredient of pyraclostrobin was tested, the lifespan of the F0 generation was also reduced, but the density of Buchnera was not, indicating that non‐insecticidal chemicals in the fungicide formulation may affect the density of the endosymbiont of A. gossypii. There was no transgenerational effect of the active ingredient of pyraclostrobin on the lifespan and Buchnera of (unexposed) F1.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that formulations of two strobilurin fungicides have immediate impacts on the fitness of A. gossypii, and chemicals in the formulation impact the density of the primary Buchnera endosymbiont. Our study highlights the potential effects of non‐insecticidal chemicals of fungicides on aphid pests and their primary endosymbionts but direct connections between fitness and Buchnera densities remain unclear. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Societal costs associated to chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: A study utilizing linked national registries
Authors: Kjellström Barbro , Runheim Hannes , Beaudet Amélie , Husberg Magnus , Ivarsson Bodil , Pillai Nadia , Levin Lars‐Åke , Bernfort Lars
Published: June 2023

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare but serious complication after a pulmonary embolism. Healthcare resource utilization (HCRU; hospitalization, outpatient visits, and drug utilization) as well as productivity loss (sick leave and disability pension) before and after the CTEPH diagnosis is sparsely studied. By linking several Swedish national databases, this study estimated the societal costs in a national CTEPH cohort (n = 369, diagnosed with CTEPH in 2008−2019) 5 years before and 5 years after diagnosis (index date) and compared to an age, sex, and geographically matched control group (n = 1845, 1:5 match). HCRU and productivity loss were estimated per patient per year. Patients were stratified as operated with pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA group) or not operated (non‐PEA group). Direct and indirect societal costs were 2.1 times higher before, and 8.1 times higher after the index date for patients with CTEPH compared to the matched control groups. The higher costs were evident already several years preceding the index date. The main cost driver before the index date in both the PEA and the non‐PEA groups was productivity loss. The productivity loss remained high for both groups in the 5‐year period following the index date, but the main cost drivers were prescribed drugs and hospitalizations for patients that underwent PEA and prescribed drugs in the non‐PEA group. In conclusion, CTEPH was associated with large societal costs related to healthcare consumption and productivity loss, both before and after diagnosis.
Bench‐scale testing of a novel soil PFAS treatment train for informed remedial planning and decision‐making
Authors: Nguyen Dung , Schaefer Charles E. , Bamer Jeffrey T. , Lanza Heather A. , Wintle Derek , Maynard Ken G. , Murphy Peter , Anderson Richard H.
Published: June 2023

Bench‐scale batch tests were conducted to assess the potential applicability of a combined separation/concentration/destruction treatment train to address soils and sediments impacted by per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination at Schriever Space Force Base with historic aqueous film‐forming foam (AFFF). Specifically, a novel treatment train coupling soil washing (for treatment of impacted soil/sediment) with foam fractionation (for treatment of the wash water [WW] generated during soil washing) and electrochemical oxidation (ECO, for treatment of the foam fractionate generated during foam fractionation) was evaluated at the bench scale using site‐specific materials. Results presented herein show that the AFFF‐impacted sandy soils with low organic content were amenable to treatment via soil washing. However, the removal of hydrophobic PFAS, such as perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), from the organic‐rich sediments was challenging. Results from batch desorption experiments were within a factor of 2 of those generated by soil washing bench studies, suggesting that simple batch tests can potentially be used to reasonably predict the treatment efficacy of soil washing. Long‐chained perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) within the WW were removed more effectively in the foam fractionation studies as compared to short‐chain PFAAs. Addition of a surfactant, such as cetrimonium bromide (CTAB), enhanced foaming but only marginally improved the treatment of short‐chained PFAAs and in some cases inhibited PFOS removal. ECO reduced PFAS concentrations in the foam fractionate generated during foam fractionation by several orders of magnitude. However, generation of unwanted byproducts may warrant further treatment and/or disposal. Overall, results from this study provide a novel data set highlighting the site‐dependent nature of these PFAS remedial technologies and how simple, low‐cost bench tests can be reliably leveraged for informed decision‐making during PFAS remedial planning.
Syntheses, Characterization and Acidochromic Properties of Donor‐Acceptor‐Donor Compounds Based on 2‐Amino‐Pyrimidine
Authors: Nie Pengwei , Xieraili Maimaitiyiming
Published: June 2023

Organic materials with a donor‐acceptor‐donor (D−A−D) system of π‐conjugation exhibit strong intermolecular interactions. This study reports the acid‐induced color‐changing properties of two D−A−D type π‐conjugated compounds containing 2‐aminopyrimidine. When the 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) moiety is introduced into the D−A−D compound as an electron donor and analyzed through UV‐visible spectroscopy, fluorescence, and thermal characterization, the compound is found to have a narrow bandgap, good thermal stability, and detection ability. The detection limit for methanesulfonic acid is 1.24×10−9 mol/L. Density functional theory (DFT) indicates that both the protonated and unprotonated D−A−D compounds achieve a coplanar geometry. In the acid‐induced color change, the protonated AETP, EDOT′s C1 atom, and the C2 atom of the pyrimidine ring rotate into a head‐to‐head structure, providing sufficient space for proton and pyrimidine N closure. Additionally, The HOMO and LUMO energy levels of ATP and AETP exhibit a notable difference with the former at 2.127 eV and the latter at 2.039 eV. The protonation of these compounds led to a decrease in molecular orbital energy by approximately 50 %, indicating an enhancement in stability relative to their unprotonated counterparts. This observation has significant implications for the design of molecular structures that are responsive to changes in acid concentration, making it valuable for future studies in the field of acid color‐changing compounds.
High‐Performance Solid Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by LiF/LiCl/LiIn Hybrid SEI via InCl3‐Driven In Situ Polymerization of 1,3‐Dioxolane
Authors: Yang Tianqi , Zhang Wenkui , Liu Yaning , Zheng Jiale , Xia Yang , Tao Xinyong , Wang Yao , Xia Xinhui , Huang Hui , Gan Yongping , He Xinping , Zhang Jun
Published: June 2023

The use of poly(1,3‐dioxolane) (PDOL) electrolyte for lithium batteries has gained attention due to its high ionic conductivity, low cost, and potential for large‐scale applications. However, its compatibility with Li metal needs improvement to build a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) toward metallic Li anode for practical lithium batteries. To address this concern, this study utilized a simple InCl3‐driven strategy for polymerizing DOL and building a stable LiF/LiCl/LiIn hybrid SEI, confirmed through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and cryogenic‐transmission electron microscopy (Cryo‐TEM). Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and finite element simulation (FES) verify that the hybrid SEI exhibits not only excellent electron insulating properties but also fast transport properties of Li+. Moreover, the interfacial electric field shows an even potential distribution and larger Li+ flux, resulting in uniform dendrite‐free Li deposition. The use of the LiF/LiCl/LiIn hybrid SEI in Li/Li symmetric batteries shows steady cycling for 2000 h, without experiencing a short circuit. The hybrid SEI also provided excellent rate performance and outstanding cycling stability in LiFePO4/Li batteries, with a high specific capacity of 123.5 mAh g−1 at 10 C rate. This study contributes to the design of high‐performance solid lithium metal batteries utilizing PDOL electrolytes.
Unraveling the Degradation Pathway of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells Based on ISOS‐D‐1 Protocol
Authors: Li Bowei , Deng Jun , Jayawardena K. D. G. Imalka , Liu Xueping , Xiang Yuren , Ren Aobo , Oluwabi Abayomi Titilope , Hinder Steven , Putland Benjamin , Watts John F. , Li Hui , Du Shixuan , Silva S. Ravi P. , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2023

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown rapid development recently, whereas nonideal stability remains the chief obstacle toward commercialization. Thus, it is of utmost importance to probe the degradation pathway for the entire device. Here, the extrinsic stability of inverted PSCs (IPSCs) is investigated by using standard shelf‐life testing based on the International Summit on Organic Photovoltaic Stability protocols (ISOS‐D‐1). During the long‐term assessment of 1700 h, the degraded power conversion efficiency is mainly caused by the fill factor (53% retention) and short‐circuit current density (71% retention), while the open‐circuit voltage still maintains 97% of the initial values. Further absorbance evolution and density functional theory calculations disclose that the perovskite rear‐contact side, in particular for the perovskite/fullerene interface, is the predominant degradation pathway. This study contributes to understanding the aging mechanism and enhancing the durability of IPSCs for future applications.
Advances in Heterostructures for Optoelectronic Devices: Materials, Properties, Conduction Mechanisms, Device Applications
Authors: Ra Hyun‐Soo , Lee Sang‐Hyeon , Jeong Seock‐Jin , Cho Sinyoung , Lee Jong‐Soo
Published: June 2023

Atomically thin 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have recently been spotlighted for next‐generation electronic and photoelectric device applications. TMD materials with high carrier mobility have superior electronic properties different from bulk semiconductor materials. 0D quantum dots (QDs) possess the ability to tune their bandgap by composition, diameter, and morphology, which allows for a control of their light absorbance and emission wavelength. However, QDs exhibit a low charge carrier mobility and the presence of surface trap states, making it difficult to apply them to electronic and optoelectronic devices. Accordingly, 0D/2D hybrid structures are considered as functional materials with complementary advantages that may not be realized with a single component. Such advantages allow them to be used as both transport and active layers in next‐generation optoelectronic applications such as photodetectors, image sensors, solar cells, and light‐emitting diodes. Here, recent discoveries related to multicomponent hybrid materials are highlighted. Research trends in electronic and optoelectronic devices based on hybrid heterogeneous materials are also introduced and the issues to be solved from the perspective of the materials and devices are discussed.
Optical and Electrical Modulation Strategies of Photoelectrodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: He Xianhong , Tian Wei , Yang Lin , Bai Zhengyu , Li Liang
Published: June 2023

When constructing efficient, cost‐effective, and stable photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems, the solar‐driven photo‐to‐chemical conversion efficiency of semiconductors is limited by several factors, including the surface catalytic activity, light absorption range, carrier separation, and transfer efficiency. Accordingly, various modulation strategies, such as modifying the light propagation behavior and regulating the absorption range of incident light based on optics and constructing and regulating the built‐in electric field of semiconductors based on carrier behaviors in semiconductors, are implemented to improve the PEC performance. Herein, the mechanism and research advancements of optical and electrical modulation strategies for photoelectrodes are reviewed. First, parameters and methods for characterizing the performance and mechanism of photoelectrodes are introduced to reveal the principle and significance of modulation strategies. Then, plasmon and photonic crystal structures and mechanisms are summarized from the perspective of controlling the propagation behavior of incident light. Subsequently, the design of an electrical polarization material, polar surface, and heterojunction structure is elaborated to construct an internal electric field, which serves as the driving force to facilitate the separation and transfer of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for developing optical and electrical modulation strategies for photoelectrodes are discussed.
Improving Stability of Triple‐Cation Perovskite Solar Cells under High‐Temperature Operation
Authors: Louks Amy E. , Tirawat Robert , Yang Mengjin , Habisreutinger Severin N. , Harvey Steven P. , Schutt Kelly , Zhu Kai , Berry Joseph J. , Palmstrom Axel F.
Published: June 2023

Metal halide perovskite photovoltaic performance required for commercial technology encompasses both efficiency and stability. Advances in both these parameters have recently been reported; however, these strategies are often difficult to directly compare due to differences in perovskite composition, device architecture, fabrication methods, and accelerated stressors applied in stability tests. In particular, it is found that there is a distinct lack of elevated temperature, operational (light and bias) stability data. Furthermore, significant testing is required to understand the interactions when combinations are used (e.g., additives used with posttreatments). Herein, individual and combined additive, posttreatment, and contact layer strategies from recent literature reports under standardized operational stability tests of p–i–n CsMAFA perovskites at 70 °C are evaluated. Through analysis of over 1000 devices, it is concluded that the hole‐transport layer (HTL) is the most significant component impacting elevated temperature operational stability. This analysis motivates future development of high‐performance HTLs.
Heterostructured CdS Buffer Layer for Sb2Se3 Thin Film Solar Cell
Authors: Amin Al , Duan Xiaomeng , Wall Jacob , Khawaja Kausar Ali , Xiang Wenjun , Li Lin , Yan Feng
Published: June 2023

The antimony selenide thin film solar cells technology becomes promising due to its excellent anisotropic charge transport and brilliant light absorption capability. Especially, the device performance heavily relies on the vertically oriented Sb2Se3 grain to promote photoexcited carrier transport. However, crystalline orientation control has been a major issue in Sb2Se3 thin film solar cells. Herein, a new strategy has been developed to tailor the crystal growth of Sb2Se3 ribbons perpendicular to the substrate by using the structural heterostructured CdS buffer layer. The heterostructured CdS buffer layer is formed by a dual layer of CdS nanorods and nanoparticles. The hexagonal CdS nanorods passivated by a thin cubic CdS nanoparticle layer can promote [211] and [221] directional growth of Sb2Se3 ribbons using a close space sublimation approach. The improved buffer/absorber interface, reduced interface defects, and recombination loss contribute to the improved device efficiency of 7.16%. This new structural heterostructured CdS buffer layer can regulate Sb2Se3 nanoribbons crystal growth and pave the way to further improve the low‐dimensional chalcogenide thin film solar cell efficiency.
A new medium‐sized moradisaurine captorhinid eureptile from the Permian of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean) and correlation with the co‐occurring ichnogenus Hyloidichnus
Authors: Matamales‐Andreu Rafel , Mujal Eudald , Galobart Àngel , Fortuny Josep
Published: June 2023

Moradisaurine captorhinid eureptiles are one of the best‐known groups of Permian herbivorous tetrapods. Moradisaurines, with several rows of teeth on the maxillae and jaws, first appeared in the Cisuralian and went extinct at the end of the Lopingian; they were especially abundant in the equatorial latitudes of Pangaea. However, the postcranial skeleton of this clade is relatively poorly known, given that most of the species described have been based on skulls. This fact has precluded a detailed correlation with coeval tracks. The present work describes a new moradisaurine genus and species, Tramuntanasaurus tiai, based on an almost complete, semi‐articulated skeleton from the Port des Canonge Formation of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean), identifying it as the trackmaker of the co‐occurring small‐sized traces of the ichnogenus Hyloidichnus. Apart from documenting the new moradisaurine species, the results presented herein strongly support the hypothesis that Hyloidichnus was produced by both non‐moradisaurine captorhinids and moradisaurines; those of small to medium size, at least, had a very conserved autopodial morphology and gait. Therefore, this study provides new data to infer the trackmakers of Hyloidichnus where bone remains are missing, and thus contributes to our understanding of Permian tetrapod ichnofaunas and tetrapod communities.