bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rainfall Analysis for Hyderabad and Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Mahessar A. A. , Qureshi A. L. , Sadiqui B. , Kori S. M. , Mukwana K. C. , Leghari K. Q.
Published: December 2020

The climatic change has a visible impact in recent abnormal weather events, such as Pakistan’s intensification of the hydrological cycle with changing precipitation pattern, water availability periods, and weather-induced natural disasters. The rainfall flush flood of 2010 alone displaced millionσ of people and damaged properties in just one stroke. The next year, the shocking rainfall flood of 2011 in Sindh, only underscored the enormity of the challenge posed by climate change. The current paper presents the analysis carried out for one-day annual maximum rainfall for Hyderabad and Nawabshah cities, Sindh, Pakistan for the period from 1961 to 2011 using STATISTICA Software for interpolating and forecasting the rainfall time series. The maximum values of observed rainfall were 250.70mm and 256.30mm, while the minimum values were 3.0mm and 0.0mm for Hyderabad and Nawabshah respectively, while the mean of fifty-one (51) years of rainfall data is 51.96mm and 45.3 mm and the computed standard deviations were 42.693mm and 43.896mm respectively. The difference between the mean and standard deviation of one-day maximum rainfall is small, which showed the consistency of the data. The polynomial trend curved lines exhibited fluctuations in the rainfall data, which indicates a continual change in rainfall behavior. Hence, the rainfall data are subjected to a moving mean smoothing with a duration shorter than 3 years. Through these trends, the future one-day annual maximum rainfall can be predicted. The correlation of one-day annual maximum rainfall between Hyderabad and Nawabshah cities had R2 of 0.973. The computed results of return periods of 3, 5, and 10 years for one-day annual maximum rainfall for both cities revealed that the rainfall values for Hyderabad are higher.
Seismic Responses of NPP Structures Considering the Effects of Lead Rubber Bearing
Authors: Nguyen D. D. , Nguyen C. N.
Published: December 2020

Abstract-This study investigates the effects of Lead Rubber Bearings (LRBs) on Floor Response Spectra (FRS) of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) structures. Three main structures in the Advanced Power Reactor 1400 (APR1400) NPP including the reactor containment building, an internal structure, and an auxiliary building were numerically developed in SAP2000. The structures were modeled using beam stick elements, and lumped masses were assigned to beam element nodes. All equivalent section properties of beam elements were calculated based on the designed cross-sections of the structures. A series of 40 ground motions with response spectra scaled to match the NRC 1.60 spectrum were utilized in numerical time-history analyses. Finally, a thorough comparison of FRS was conducted at different elevations of the structures, considering both with and without LRB. Numerical results showed that the FRS of base-isolated structures at higher elevations was significantly reduced compared to non-isolated structures. However, at lower elevations, the FRS was higher for the base-isolated structures compared to the non-isolated ones. Additionally, at a low-frequency range, roughly smaller than 3 Hz, the FRS of base-isolated structures was always greater than that of the non-isolated ones.
Speeding up the Multiplication Algorithm for Large Integers
Authors: Bahig H. M. , Alghadhban A. , Mahdi M. A. , Alutaibi K. A. , Bahig H. M.
Published: December 2020

Multiplication is one of the basic operations that influence the performance of many computer applications such as cryptography. The main challenge of the multiplication operation is the cost of the operation as compared to other basic operations such as addition and subtraction, especially when the size of the numbers is large. In this work, we investigate the use of the window strategy for multiplying a sequence of large integers to design an efficient sequential algorithm in order to reduce the number of bit-multiplication operations involved in multiplying a sequence of large integers. In our implementation, several parameters are considered and measured for their effect on the proposed algorithm and the best-known sequential algorithm in the literature. These parameters are the size of the sequence of integers, the size of the integers, the size of the window, and the distribution of the data. The experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are compared to the ones of the best-known sequential algorithm, and the proposed algorithm is able to achieve a reduction in computing time greater than 50% in most cases.
Alternative Fluids – with a Particular Emphasis on Vegetable Oils – as Replacements of Transformer Oil: A Concise Review
Authors: Danikas M. , Sarathi R.
Published: December 2020

For many decades transformer oil has served as a well-known insulating medium. Its electrical properties, among others, have been studied in length. In recent years, with the increasing concern for the environment, alternative insulating liquids have been proposed. In the context of this concise review, such alternative fluids are investigated. Some conflicting evidence regarding experimental results that still persist are discussed and aspects of vegetable oils in need of further work are pointed out.
State-Space Modeling and Active Vibration Control of Smart Flexible Cantilever Beam with the Use of Finite Element Method
Authors: Aktas K. G. , Esen I.
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study is to design a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller for the active vibration control of a smart flexible cantilever beam. The mathematical model of the smart beam was created on the basis of the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and the piezoelectric theory. State-space and finite element models used in the LQR controller design were developed. In the finite element model of the smart beam containing piezoelectric sensors and actuators, the beam was divided into ten finite elements. Each element had two nodes and two degrees of freedom were defined for each node, transverse displacement, and rotation. Two Piezoelectric ceramic lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) patches were affixed to the upper and lower surfaces of the beam element as pairs of sensors and actuators. The location of the piezoelectric sensor and actuator pair changed and they were consecutively placed on the fixed part, the middle part, and the free end of the beam. In each case, the design of the LQR controller was made considering the first three dominant vibratory modes of the beam. The effect of the position of the sensor-actuator pair on the beam on the vibration damping capability of the controller was investigated. The best damping performance was found when the sensor-actuator pair was placed at the fixed end.
Assessing meander belt width of Bhagirathi-Jalangi river system in lower Ganga delta, India
Authors:   Aliah University, India, ISLAM Aznarul , DAS Balai Chandra ,   Krishnagar Govt. College, India, MAJI Nishith Kumar ,   Kolkata Port Trust, India, BARMAN Suman Deb
Published: December 2020

The present work is an attempt to assess the meander belt width of the river Bhagirathi (frequently oscillating) and river Jalangi (relatively stable) in West Bengal, India based on geospatial data and field data (lithological composition and flow characteristics). Belt width has been computed using four major considerations in increasing order of scale- (i) individual loops of the present channel (MBw1), (ii) maximum loop width of the present channel (MBw2), (iii) palaeo channel characteristics identified through normalized difference water index and pixel-based classification coupled with field observation (MBw3) and (iv) future channel based on the factor of safety which is a space-time averaged safe belt width (MBw4). The study found MBw4 of 11.76 km for Bhagirathi and 6.64 km for Jalangi considering the 100-year factor of safety. The higher meander belt width of Bhagirathi in comparison to Jalangi was found to be correlated with higher monsoon discharge, bed slope, stream power, shear stress, suspended surface sediment concentration, D50, and lower relative bed stability.
Soil organic carbon potential of Bozhurishte municipality: A case study from western Bulgaria
Authors: GRIGOROV Borislav
Published: December 2020

The current study focuses on the soil organic carbon contents in topsoil (0-30 cm) in Bozhurishte Municipality. The municipality is a part of Sofia Province and it represents a major section of the “Sofia-Bozhurishte Economic Zone”. The aim of the investigation is to reveal how soil organic carbon storages may change in the forthcoming 20 years during a medium and a high scenario. The results of the study display several major zones of a large soil organic carbon pool, located to the northeast and the central parts of the municipality. The section, containing the largest soil organic carbon pool, may experience an increase of 376 400 tons/ha for 20 years in the medium scenario and 499 100 tons/ha in the high scenario. The author concludes that promising results may be used as a basis for an expansion of the study in the neighboring municipalities.
Flood dynamics: A geoecological approach using historical cartography and giscience in the city of petrópolis (Βrazil)
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, FERNANDES Manoel do C. , HEESOM David , FULLEN Michael A. , ANTUNES Fernando S.
Published: December 2020

Dynamics, structure and function are geoecological characteristics that define landscapes. These characteristics help explain landscape processes, such as floods. This article analyses geoecological variables to understand flood dynamics in the original historical district of Petrópolis City (Brazil). Concepts and techniques of historical cartography and GIScience were used to analyse geoecological variables in three river basins (Quitandinha, Palatino and Piabanha) within the study area. Each basin had a river island which was excavated and removed. The Quitandinha River Basin had the largest river island (965 m2), the highest Edification Index (44.12%) and the most favourable geomorphological indices for the occurrence of floods. Hence, the basin recorded 93% of flood events within the three basins. Multiple geoecological variables influence flood dynamics. In this urban landscape, changes in the drainage network, intensified by disorderly urbanization and geomorphological processes, are extremely important in understanding flooding processes.
Comparative social vulnerability assessment in Purba Medinipur district, West Bengal, India
Authors:   University of Seville, Spain, GAYEN Sumita , VILLALTA Ismael Vallejo , HAQUE Sk Mafizul
Published: December 2020

Social vulnerability assessment is an important element for disaster risk reduction system. Social vulnerability depends on physical, social, economic, environmental factors, etc., which determine the susceptibility of community against the impact of hazards. Over the past two decades, social vulnerability has been measured by using different methodologies. The present work portrays a comparative assessment of social vulnerability methodologies in the Purba Medinipur district located in the eastern part of India. Different standardization techniques of data transformation like, Z score, maximum value, and min-max rescaling have been employed to compare and examine social vulnerability in the study area. The principal aim of this work is to analyze the results between the three methodologies adopted, and identify the vulnerable blocks in the district. The result shows that relationships between three methodologies are moderately strong to very strong and Sutahata block is identified as the most vulnerable block in the Purba Medinipur district.
Unthought and unrepresentable? The European territorial paradox
Authors:   Sciences Po Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris, France, KAHN Sylvain , RICHARD Yann ,   Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, France
Published: December 2020

The crisis of the European Union is partially linked to the fact that it has not become an identity referent for the European citizens. This is a crucial issue because the revival of European integration could precisely be based on the ability of Europeans to take ownership of the European construction. We set out two hypotheses: first that the weakness of the EU is intrinsic to the way it is constructed as a territory from one day to the next; second that the EU cannot be an object of social representation shared by European citizens. We show that the territoriality of the EU is ambiguous. We then define the EU as a particular type of political construction, in which pooling mechanisms render the relationship between territory and sovereignty hard to read. Finally, we show that Europeans are not able to produce a common territorial reference.
Oral Health Related Quality of Life in an Adult Jamaican Population
Authors: Brown Michelle , Lockhart Candace , Thomas Biney , Rech Rafaela
Published: December 2020

Objectives
The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of
sociodemographic characteristics, oral health status and
behaviours on Oral Health Related Quality of Life
(OHRQoL) on an adult Jamaican population.
Methods
Adults who presented for treatment at the UWI Mona
Dental Polyclinic participated in this cross-sectional study.
Participants responded to a structured questionnaire
consisting of sociodemographic and oral hygiene habits
and were also examined for the presence of decayed,
missing and filled teeth (DMFT). OHRQoL was assessed
using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14)
questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis, univariate
and multiple Poisson Regression with robust variance
were performed to identify the factors impacting
OHRQoL.
Results
The study sample consisted of 120 adults between the
ages of 18-59 years. The mean OHIP-14 score was 9.81
(±9.06), 24% presented impaired OHRQoL and 76%
presented frequent impaired OHRQoL. The most
prevalent domain was physical pain (80%) followed by
psychological discomfort (59%) and the mean DMFT
score was 9.92 (±8.78). In the adjusted logistic
regression, participants aged between 29-46 years (PR
0.58, CI 0.37-0.90, p= 0.016) and the use of fluoride
toothpaste (PR 0.52, 95%, CI 0.35- 0.77, p = 0.001)
were negatively associated with OHRQoL.
Conclusion
Physical pain was the dimension that most impacted
domain in OHRQoL. The most negative OHRQoL was
associated with the 29 to 46 years age-group and the use
of fluoride toothpaste. These findings are important for
oral health strategies in this population.
Peter Lombard’ın “Sentences”ı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: BİNGÖL Mustafa
Published: December 2020

Yüzyıllar boyunca Batı Hıristiyan dünyasında teoloji ders kitabı olarak okutulan “Sentences” adlı eserin yazarı Peter Lombard olarak bilinir. İncil’in yanı sıra teolojik açıdan irdelenen eserler arasında daha fazla yorumun konusu olmuştur. Bu eser her ne kadar eski kaynakların bir derlemesi olarak görülse de asıl önemi, teolojik materyalin organizasyonu, sunum yöntemi ve birçok önemli alanda doktrini ele alma biçiminde yatmaktadır. Bu öneme rağmen eserin yazarının yaşamı ve düşüncesine dair herhangi bir giriş ne yazık ki yoktur. Eser Hıristiyanlık geleneğinin nasıl geliştiğini ortaya koyarak başlar ve sonrasında Lombard’ın yaşamını ve çalışmalarını ortaya koyar. Tanrı, üçleme, yaratılış, angeloloji, insan doğası, etik, ayinlerin doğası ve nitelikleri, Hıristiloji de dahil olmak üzere ana konular eserde yorumlanmaya çalışılır. Orta Çağ’daki en önemli teolojik ders kitabı olarak kabul edilen “Sentences”, kilise babalarının ve sonrasında ortaya çıkan yorumcuların bir dizi teolojik konudaki derlemelerinden meydana gelmiştir. Dört kitap halinde ayrıştırıldığında aşağıdaki gibi ifade edilebilir. Teslis inancının gizemi / Yaratılış üzerine / Enkarnasyon üzerine /İşaretler Doktrini (ayinler ve ayinsel işaretler üzerine).
Preliminary phytochemical screening, antimicrobial potentials and GC-MS analysis of Secamone afzelli Rhoem (Asclepiadaceae) leaves extracts
Authors: Oyinloye Oladapo E. , Alabi Olumuyiwa. S.
Published: December 2020

Secamone afzelli is used ethno-medicinally as remedies for stomach, colic and gastro-intestinal tract infections.
This study screened the hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of S. afzelli leaves for phytocompounds,
antimicrobial activity and identified bioactive compounds in the most active extract using Gas Chromatography
Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. S. afzelli (200mg) leave was extracted by soxhlet apparatus using three
solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol) and the phytochemicals determined. Antimicrobial susceptibility
and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) was determined by agar-diffusion and agar-dilution methods
respectively against selected resistant bacterial and fungal clinical isolates. The most active of the three crude
extracts was analysed by GC-MS for bioactive compounds identification. Presence of carbohydrates,
anthraquinone, glycosides, proteins, tannin, phenolic compounds and steroids were determined. The three
extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts) had antibacterial (Range of inhibition zone = 10 to 18 mm
and MICs 12.5 to 200 mg/mL) but no antifungal activity. The ethanol extract was the most active with 29
bioactive compounds including piperazine, phytol, leucine methyl ester, N-methyl-N-(1-methylethyl)-
1Pentanamine, 7-propyl-pyrrolizin-1-thione and 4,5-dimethylnonane. The antibacterial activity and arrays of
bioactive compounds detected in S. afzelli leaves suggest that the plant may be a good source of novel
antimicrobial compounds.
POLLUTION POTENTIAL AND CHEMICAL INTERACTION OF SOME
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH E-WASTE
Authors: O.B. EYENUBO , F. EGHAREVBA , I. O. ASIA , S.A. OSAKWE
Published: December 2020

The rapid increase in the amount of electronic waste in our environment is of great concern. This study
investigated the contamination level, pollution potential and chemical interaction of cation exchange capacity
(CEC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), electrical conductivity (EC), total organic carbon (TOC), total
organic matter (TOM) and pH, on soil contaminated with electronic waste and background soil (unpolluted soil).
It was found that CEC has the highest pollution values, which range from 194,616.00(10-20 cm)- 221,024.760
mg/kg (0-10 cm) for the polluted soil, which show a remarkable variation from the background soil. The TN
value range from 139.257 -185.654 mg/kg across depths. The values of EC on polluted soil ranged from 0.260
– 0.746 mg/kg across depths. While that of TOC and TOM, ranged from 4,250.00 – 5,800.000 mg/kg and
8,300.000 – 10,000.000 mg/kg across depths, the values of pH for the polluted soil also ranged from 6.2 – 7.1
across depths. The pollution potential also showed high values across depths, the TOM, which ranged from
48.473 – 61.450 and TOC are almost of the same ranged with the TOM. The TN and TP were very low and the
EC exerted negative pollution potential in all the depths. The chemical interaction showed high values in TN
which ranged from 12,776.708 - 9,419.512 across depths, followed by TP and CEC which also display high
values, but lower than that of TN. The EC values were low, which ranged from 1.620 – 5.984 across depths. The
TOC and TOM were very low when compared to the rest parameter in the chemical interaction. The high values
obtained in some of the parameters compared with the standard values, call for need for strict monitoring of the
disposal of e-waste in our environment.
Hydrocarbon Degradative Potential of Alcaligenes sp. strain 3k Under Modified Nitrate Concentrations
Authors: D. O. Adetitun , F.O. Fagbemi , M.B. Oguntoye
Published: December 2020

Conventional mineral salts medium (MSM) had been used for many decades. A modification of the
concentration of nitrate in the MSM was attempted in this work to see its effects or otherwise on microbial
cultures. This research investigated the ability of Alcaligenes sp. strain 3k to degrade hydrocarbons under
modified nitrate concentrations for a period of twenty-seven (27) days. The findings from the growth patterns of
Alcaligenes sp. strain 3k in the experimental study showed that the organism was capable of utilizing decane as
only carbon source as well as the mixture of decane and heptane as its carbon and energy providers. The
hydrocarbon utilization test carried out on the mixture of decane and heptane with an increase in nitrate
concentration indicated that Alcaligenes sp. strain 3k was able to use the hydrocarbon mixture as the major
source of carbon and nitrate as the sole source of nitrogen showing a steady increase in growth rate within the
period of 27days. The highest value obtained was 1.84 × 109 cfu/ml on Day 21 and lowest value was 4.80 × 106
cfu/ml on Day 0 thus revealing the efficiency of Alcaligenes sp. strain 3k in bioremediation. The findings from
the growth patterns of Alcaligenes sp. strain 3k in this experimental study revealed Alcaligenes sp. strain 3k
capability in efficiently utilizing decane solely and the mixture of decane and heptane been modified with nitrate
as carbon and energy sources respectively thereby enhancing bioremediation.
Euphorbia graminea Jacq. (Euphorbiaceae): The antimicrobial assessment of the extract and fractions of the leaves
Authors: E. O. Ikpefan , F. O. Enwa , O. Emebrado
Published: December 2020

This study was carried out as a result of the belief that certain medicinal plants have antimicrobial activity against
pathogenic bacteria and fungi species, hence the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the extract and fractions of
Euphorbia graminea was performed against bacteria (Staphyloccocus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa) and fungal (Candida albican) non-clinical isolates. The methanol extract of Euphorbia graminea
was fractionated via solvent-solvent partitioning and vacuum liquid chromatographic techniques and the
corresponding fractions were tested for phytochemicals and were biologically tested against the organisms
employing the agar well diffusion method. While the extract and partitioned fractions were tested at
concentrations between 4.69-300 mg/mL, the vlc subfractions were tested at 12.50-200 mg/mL against the
organisms. The MIC of the active vlc subfractions was also tested (9.38-37.5 mg/mL). The alkaloids as well as
glycosides, tannins, terpenes and steroids were detected among the extracts and fractions of E. graminea. The
extract showed mild activities against the test organisms with the highest zone of inhibition of 7.00 mm recorded
at 300 mg/mL against S.aureus. The activities of both extract at 300 mg/mL, showed notable increase against
the organisms used, with zones of inhibition of the aqueous extract been 10.50 and 9.50mm and for the
chloroform extract, 16.50 and 13.05mm (S. aureus and E. coli respectively). The vlc sub-fraction 6-8 (C) among
the other subfractions was more potent against S. aureus, E. coli and C. albican as 16.50, 12.00 and 0.50 mm
zones of inhibition were recorded at 100 mg/mL. The zones of inhibition against these organisms later increased
to 20.00, 18.50 and 15.00 mm at 200 mg/mL. This study has highlighted the fact that the plant E. graminea has
antimicrobial activity which occurs more in the partitioned chloroform and its chromatographic vacuum liquid
subfraction (6-8) that gave the highest activity. However, in order to isolate the active biological components
and to determine their safety in drug production, further studies are needed.
Visualizing Global Socio-Technogenic Human Transformation: Digital Challenges of Living Earth
Authors: Dergacheva Elena , Demidenko Eduard
Published: December 2020

In the XXI century, the world of man and nature develops mainly in socio-technogenic living conditions. Global technospherization of the planet Earth is the most important cause of continuous socio-cultural, techno-medical and biological changes in man. In technical, natural and human studies a human is usually considered from the point of view of only one discipline. This narrow approach leaves its incorrect mark when recreating the new image of a human in the virtual environment of the digital image of the world. Digital Earth technologies establish a link between the spheres: social, biospheric, natural-inanimate and artificial, created by society using a number of important sciences. It is necessary to approach systematically the representation of the evolving human being in the constantly updated digital space of the planet, to supplement the existing developments of scientists with a scientific and philosophical understanding of the interdisciplinary processes of socio-technogenic development of the biosphere life. Scientific visualization of interrelated evolutionary changes in man is of great interest for the Digital Earth project both from the point of view of studying anthropogenesis, and from the point of view of developing promising programs for preserving his biosphere body and natural health in a developing socio-technogenic world.
Big LIDAR Data in Digital Earth: Ways Out of Dead End
Authors: Rylskiy Ilya
Published: December 2020

During past 25 years, laser scanning has evolved from an experimental method into a fully autonomous family of Earth remote sensing methods. Now this group of methods provides the most accurate and detailed spatial data sets, while the cost of data is constantly falling, the number of measuring instruments (laser scanners) is constantly growing. The volumes of data that will be obtained during the surveys in the coming decades will allow the creation of the first sub-global coverage of the planet. However, the flip side of high accuracy and detail is the need to store fantastically large volumes of three-dimensional data without loss of accuracy. At the same time, the ability to work with the specified data in both 2D and 3D mode should be improved. Standard storage methods (file method, geodatabases, archiving, etc) solve the problem only partially. At the same time, there are some other alternative methods that can remove current restrictions and lead to the emergence of more flexible and functional spatial data infrastructures. One of the most flexible and promising ways of laser data storage and processing are quadtree and octree-based approaches. Of course, these approaches are more complicated than typical file data structures, that are commonly used for LIDAR data storage, but they allow users to solve some typical negative features of point datasets (processing speed, non-topological spatial structure, limited precision, etc.).
What is and What is not the Digital Earth
Authors: Eremchenko Eugene
Published: December 2020

The article addresses to a fundamental issue facing the concept of the Digital Earth in 2020 – what is the definition of the Digital Earth? 22 years after the announcement of the concept and 15 years after its first mass and successful implementation in the service Google Earth in 2005 this question remains unanswered. In the article the current status of the development of the Digital Earth concept by 2020 is considered, a methodology for the definition of the Digital Earth, based on the classification of the diversity of existing geospatial approaches and the identification of key factors that provide its unique functionality, is proposed and discussed. Distinction between the Digital Earth and others geospatial approaches is provided. The intrinsic connection of definition and classifications is grounded, the new definition of the Digital Earth and complimentary classification of geospatial methods are offered. Semiotics aspects of the Digital Earth are discussed briefly. The question of the eligibility of technologies and systems to the Digital Earth is considered. The perspective issues of further development of the Digital Earth are considered.
Assaulting the Psychiatrist : A Rare Case of Fregoli syndrome
Authors: Thakurta Rajarshi Guha , Sarkar Sharmila , Debnath Ashis , Mondal Sukhendu
Published: December 2020

Delusional misidentifications include the Capgras delusion, Fregoli delusion, the delusion of subjective doubles and other less common symptoms. A common cause of these non-specific psychopathological symptoms is the patients' denial of their identity or the belief that their identity or the identity of relatives has been altered. These delusional symptoms occur in the context of somatic and mental diseases, most frequently in schizophrenia and dementia. Fregoli syndrome (FS) is commonly associated with aggressive behaviour. We present a case of Fregoli syndrome leadingto an assault to the treating psychiatrist.Key-words : Fregoli Syndrome, delusion, assault, psychiatrist
Magnitude of problem of persons having intellectual disability its impact on parents and their unmet needs in Indian subcontinent
Authors: Bhattacharyya Ranjan , Ghoshal Malay Kumar , Sanyal Debasish
Published: December 2020

Background: Intellectual disability is the clearest example of the mixture of medical and social system models. People with intellectual disability do not represent homogenous groups. Their unmet needs and impact on parents as caregivers also vary especially with changing social milieu, socio economic status and ethnicity. Objectives: To assess the disability of intellectually disabled and the nature and degree of impact on their parents. Methods : The clinico-demographic profile of 102 intellectually disabled and intellectually average children and their caregivers were compared. The impact of disability was measured in NIMH-DIS scale. Results: Mothers experienced more difficulties than fathers in physical care (p<0.03), health (p<0.02), career (p<0.03), sibling effect (p<0.04) and specific thoughts domain (p<0.04). Fathers experienced more trouble in support (p<0.02), financial (p<0.05), social (p<0.01), embarrassment/ridicule domains (p<0.02). There was no difference in Relationship domain (p=0.56) between the parents. Higher patience (p<0.02) and empathy (p<0.04) were found among mothers and higher tolerance (p<0.03) and sensitivity (p<0.04) were found among mothers. The impact on mothers increased in physical care, health and specific thoughts domains whereas the impact on fathers increased in financial and embarrassment/ridicule domains. Conclusions: Rehabilitation needs increase with severity of disability and impact on parents as caregivers. Appropriate assessment and finding out unmet needs can guide to formulate individualized treatment plan for them as wellas for their parents.
Psychotropic Drugs in Pregnancy
Authors: Jana Amlan Kusum
Published: December 2020

Psychiatrists often have to deal with the dilemma of whether or not to continue psychotropic medications in their patients during pregnancy. The fact that a relapse of symptoms arising out of discontinuation is often more dangerous than the usual response with violence, suicide presenting in higher rates (needless to say that harms the mother as well as the fetus) on the face of the risks of teratogenicity of almost all the drugs in offer make the situation no different from a double edged sword.
Editorial
Authors: Sarkhel Sujit
Published: December 2020

Terrorism is a burning global issue worldwide and its link with mental health is an oft-discussed topic......
Confusion After Modified Electro Convulsive Therapy : Its Incidence and Associated Factors
Authors: Ray Prasenjit , Sharma Madhu , Chauhan Sudhir Kumar
Published: December 2020

Aims and Objectives : The aim of current study was to find out the incidence of confusion after modified electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and its possible association with any clinical parameter or medications used.Methodology : In this cross sectional, naturalistic, hospital based study 100 consecutive patients who were about to receive modified ECT (brief pulse) and met inclusion criteria were taken up. After recovery from anaesthesia subjects were assessed usingIntensive Care Delirium ScreeningChecklist. The number of patients developing confusion after ECT was noted. Data were analyzed to find out if the incidence of confusion was associated with any clinical parameter or medication.Results : Incidence of post ECT confusion was found to be 37.1%. Except for the gender difference no other clinical parameter or medication was found to be significantly associated with post ECT confusion.Conclusion : The incidence of post ictal confusion after ECT was found to be higher than in previous studies which could be due to inclusion of certain extra parameters to assess confusion. Before generalizing the results of the current study, further research work is necessary.
Somatization in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Ram J R
Published: December 2020

Pediatrician’s see children with Somatisation practically everyday. Unexplained medical symptoms, like headache, stomach-ache, and palpitations are common presentations seen by any pediatrician and mostly they are transient. However in a significant proportion of children, it can become entrenched and/or recurrent.
Editorial
Authors: Sarkhel Sujit
Published: December 2020

It is a matter of great pride for all of us that Bengal Journal of Psychiatry is gradually being enlisted in various important sites involved in indexing of journals. Our articles are already available through Google Scholar and Indian Science Abstract to name a few. As our website (www.bengaljournal psychiatry. org) becomes more popular and good quality material from all around comes as contributions to our journal, we are bound to get enlisted in more robust indexing sites. I sincerely hope that our readers will provide more and more help in this regard by means of their valuable contributions.
A case of Polymicrogyria with Alpha Dystroglycanopathy presented with milder form with intellectual disability and partial seizure
Authors: Bhattacharyya Ranjan , Mandal Supriya Kumar , Mallick Barindranath , Bhattacharyya Sumita , Ray Utpal , Bhattacharyya Jayashree
Published: December 2020

Background : Congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) refers to a group of muscular dystrophies that become apparent in early infancy or at birth. Muscular dystrophies are mostly genetic and a degenerative disease primarily affects voluntary muscles.Introduction : Alpha dystroglycanopathies both phenotypically and genetically are heterogeneous group of disorders and a subgroup of these patients has characteristic brain imaging findings.Material and methods: The case vignette shows a four year old girl presented in the OPD with history of throwing tantrums, delayed developmental milestones, irritability and anger outbursts. She had a history of admission in paediatric neurology indoor with complex partial seizures controlled by tab oxcarbazepine. She was born full term of non-consanguineous marriage by LUCS. There was progressive muscular weakness since early infancy with difficulty in sucking and breathing. No developmental regression was noticed.Results : Her development quotient was found to be 46, plasma ammonia and lactate levels were normal, creatinine kinase was high (314 IU/L). MRI of brain revealed polymicrogyria, white matter changes and subcortical cerebellar cysts. The pattern recognition of MR imaging features may serve as a clue to the diagnosis of alpha dystroglycanopathy although definite diagnosis could be obtained only by muscle biopsy and genetic testing.Conclusion : In Japan, Fukuyama disease is fairly common, second to Duchenne muscular dystrophy but milder form lie this case is rare. The mutation in FKTN gene which gives instructions for making a protein called fukutin, which chemically modify a protein alpha-dystroglycan. Highindex of suspicion and early diagnosis is required to initiate prompt therapy which is mainly supportive with rigorous physiotherapy, antiepileptic drugs, parental and genetic counseling.
A Comparative Study of Depressive Episode in Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Mondal Arijit , Mukherjee Sumit , Ghosh Sayanti , Mukherjee Divya Gopal
Published: December 2020

Distinguishing between major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder is important because there are differences in the optimal management of these conditions. Antidepressant treatment of bipolar depression (BPD) can adversely affect long-term prognosis by causingdestabilisation of mood and more frequent depressive episodes, and can lead to the development of treatment resistance. Most people with bipolar disorder experience depression rather than mania as their first episode of illness. It is clinically desirable to recognise, or at least to suspect,bipolar depression at an early stage of a bipolar illness. 

OBJECTIVE : Comparison of depressive episode in major depressive disorder and bipolar affective disorder in a tertiary care general hospital, psychiatry unit. 

METHOD : 80 cases of unipolar depression and 54 cases of bipolar depression were compared on the basis of socio-demographic profile, family history of mood disorder and clinical features using Semi structured questionnaire for socio-demographic profile and validated Bengaliversion of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). 

RESULTS : Bipolar depression is characterized by early age of onset, more number of previous episodes, positive family history, more severe in nature associated with prominent features of guilt feeling, self dislike, self accusation, suicidal ideas, irritability, social withdrawal, fatigability and loss of libido. Major depressive disorder shows female preponderance, more number of stressful life events before episodes. Body image change, insomnia, anorexia, weight loss, somatic pre-occupation are more in unipolar depression.
Neurobiology of technological addiction : Impulsive compulsive spectrum
Authors: Ghosal Malay Kumar
Published: December 2020

For the last two decades we are witnessing a change, an advancement of technology leading to communication revolution. People are coming closer in a virtual world. Smart phone, computer, internet, social networking sites like facebook, whatsapp are now household names. Another person from the farthest part of the globe can access anything happening at another part of the globe. Information of different spheresis now at our fingertips. Many commercial activities like banking, shopping, entertainment etc are routinely done through internet.
Psychosocial Intervention with a Case of Conduct Disorder
Authors: Pal Arkita , Saha Soma , Sen Tumpa
Published: December 2020

In this particular case of conduct disorder, it has been evident that a persistent negative attitude and social elimination of mental illness has prevailed throughout history but general people still poorly understand it. Children’s conduct behaviors have been an extensive societal worry and reflected to be indications of juvenile delinquency and adult criminality. Children with conduct problems exhibit variety of troublesome and rule violating behaviors extending from annoying but relatively minor behaviors such as complaining, temper tantrums to more severe forms of rebellious behavior such as destruction, theft, and physical attack. Given this diversity, this is useful to make clinical concern to deal with behavioral divergences. In this present case, it has been inevitably shown that psychosocial management could be a good choice for a better outcome.
Prof (Dr) Dhirendra Nath Nandi
Authors: Bhattacharya Subir
Published: December 2020

In the history of Indian psychiatry Dr. D N Nandi is one of the names to be remembered throughout the time. He left behind an impressive body of work and an iconic style that still influence psychiatrists today.
Gora Chand Boral
Authors: Boral Anjan
Published: December 2020

Gora Chand Boral was born in a middle class family in north Calcutta on March 1, 1933. He completed his schooling in Calcutta and aspired to become a medical practitioner from a very young age. He took admission in R. G. Kar Medical college in 1955. He was a good sportsman in his school and college days and had won many accolades.
Dr K L Narayanan
Authors: Paul Prabir
Published: December 2020

It is extremely difficult to write something about Dr Narayanan, who was one of the most sincere and dedicated mental health professional who laid down his life for the suffering humanity. I feel honoured to write something about him for the special issue, which has been planned by the editorial team of the Bengal Journal of Psychiatry.
Editorial
Authors: Sarkhel Sujit
Published: December 2020

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Revisiting Suicide and Parasuicide
Authors: Bhattacharyya Ranjan , Neogi Rajarshi , Chakraborty Kaustav
Published: December 2020

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Body Focused Repetitive Behaviour - Inclusion of Trichotillomania and Other Related Disorders: Recent Update
Authors: Chatterjee Seshadri Sekhar , Khonglah Didakamiwan
Published: December 2020

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Identity of Transgender Children: A Clinician’s Perspective
Authors: Saha Soma
Published: December 2020

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Default Mode Network : Its Implications in Psychiatry
Authors: Chakraborty Souvik
Published: December 2020

The brain’s “default mode network” is among the most rapidly growing neuroscientific topics of the new millennium. Since the appointment of its name in the turn of the millenium (Raichle and others 2001), the default network has garnered considerable interest for its high level of resting metabolic activity, which decreases in the face of externally-directed attention (Minoshima and others 1997; Gusnard and Raichle 2001). Though its presence was anticipated by some Neuro-scientists as early as late 1920s, it was a serendipitous discovery by a group of Neuroradiologists working on functional neuro-imaging at Washington University School of Medicine.
Drug Watch Deutetrabenazine
Authors: Bhattacharyya Ranjan
Published: December 2020

Deutrabenazine is indicated in the management of chorea associated with Huntington’s disease and in the treatment of Tardive dyskinesia in adults by US FDA. However, it should be used with a pinch of salt, as it can raise the risk of depression and suicidal thoughts with unusual behavioural abnormalities specially in patients with Huntington’s disease. The family history is an added risk factor and close monitoring is required and the molecule is contraindicated in this group of patients. In hepatic impairment it is also not recommended. It shouldn’t be used with Reserpine. A window period of 3 weeks after discontinuation of reserpine and 2 weeks for MAO inhibitors and tetrabenazine or valbenazine is recommended.

Keyword : Deutetrabenazine, VMAT2 inhibitor, Huntington’s disease, Tardive dyskinesia.
Behavioural Side Effects of Methyl Phenidate and Atomoxetine
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Tamoghna , Sen Aratrika
Published: December 2020

Attention - Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood behavioral disorders diagnosed in the psychiatry outdoor setting, affecting 5-7% of school - aged children[1]. It is a neuro - developmental disorder that runs a chronic course and causes significant impairments across various domains of day to day functioning. The symptoms of ADHD are divided into two predominant categories: inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Inattention is divided intwo subtypes i.e. focused and sustained/ Executive dysfunction.
A Case of Early onset Vertical Gaze Palsy with Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Bhattacharyya Ranjan , Chowdhuri Shubho
Published: December 2020

A lady with early onset cognitive impairment with movement disorder and elevated mood, grandiosity, distractibility, flight of ideas, pressure of speech presented in outpatient department and initially diagnosed as Bipolar disorder with early onset parkinsonism and Frontotemporal dementia. She later developed vertical gaze palsy with slow saccadic movements and her diagnosis was confirmed as Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The association of bipolar disorder indigenous to pathological laughter and crying is the pearl of this clinical case.

Key words : PSP, Bipolar disorder, vertical gaze palsy, extrapyramidal symptoms
Editorial
Authors: Sarkhel Sujit
Published: December 2020

The theme for the World Mental Health Day this year is, “Mental Health Promotion and Suicide Prevention”. In keeping with this theme we are bringing out a special issue of our journal on Suicide Prevention. The issue comprises of articles which are of significant relevance to suicide prevention in Indian perspective. We have an article on risk assessment. Subsequent two articles are important from the perspective of our government policy on suicide prevention: One article delves into the need of a National Policy on Suicide Prevention whereas the other one deals with legal aspects of suicide in India. Finally, the concluding article deals with Non-Suicidal Self Injury from an Indian viewpoint. I sincerely hope that the readership would find it useful to broaden their knowledge regarding various aspects of suicide prevention in our country.
Towards a National Policy on Suicide Prevention
Authors: Das Mrinmay
Published: December 2020

Suicide is a global phenomenon and occurs throughout the life span. It is recognised as a critical public health issue by the World Health Organization (WHO) in its Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020.1 In the year 2016, it was estimated that globally 817000 population committed suicide. This means world wide one person commits suicide in every 40 seconds.
Suicide and the Law: Indian Perspective
Authors: Mondal Nikhilesh
Published: December 2020

Suicide is defined as an act in which a person intentionally causes his/her own death. In India, the number of people who ended their lives by committing suicide was 131, 666[1] in 2014; 133, 623[2] in 2015; and 230, 314[3] in 2016. Attempt to die by suicide is defined as a nonfatal and self-injurious behavior with an intent to die. For every death by suicide, on an average, 25 people attempt to die by suicide.[4-6]
Long Term Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Saha Indranil , Barua Supartha , Mondal Arijit
Published: December 2020

The psychopharmacology of alcohol dependence is today poised at interesting crossroads. Three major drugs Naltrexone, Disulfiram and Acamprosate have been tried and tested in various trials and have many meta-analyses each to support them. While Naltrexone may reduce craving, Acamprosate scores on cost effectiveness worldwide with Disulfiram being an alcohol deterrent drug. Studies support, refute and criticize the use of each of these drugs. Combining one or more of them is also a trend seen. The most important factor in efficacy has been the combination of psychosocial treatment with medication. In this article, we are going to discuss about long term pharmacological management of chronic alcoholism.
A subjetividade da experiência da doença
Authors: Figueira Maria Luísa
Published: December 2020

No presente artigo vamos explorar os diferentes níveis de desregulamentação e expressão de sofrimento induzido por uma doença somática ou por uma doença na subjetividade individual. Estes níveis são parte de uma singular funcional e organizacional estrutura do eu e da personalidade.
qEEG: Sua utilidade na prática clínica psiquiátrica
Authors: Teixeira João Marques
Published: December 2020

A questão da utilização de meios auxiliares de diagnóstico na psiquiatria é uma velha questão problemática, muito em razão da natureza do adoecer mental e da forma como ele tem vindo a ser conceptualizado. O avanço tecnológico recente, nomeadamente das técnicas de neuroimagem, vieram aumentar a esperança de se poder usar os conhecimentos advindos desses estudos na prática clínica psiquiátrica. Contudo, essa expectativa não se concretizou. Neste artigo, o autor analisa as possíveis razões que podem explicar essa falha da expectativa ao mesmo tempo que propõe as razões e a evidência que sustentam a utilização de uma outra tecnologia – o electroencefalograma quantitativo (qEEG) – na prática clínica psiquiátrica, utilizando diversos casos clínicos como ilustração das diferentes propostas do uso do qEEG na clínica.