bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Charakterystyka członka zorganizowanej grupy przestępczej z punktu widzenia kryminologii humanistycznej
Authors: Monika Kotowska
Published: July 2024

The key thesis in humanistic criminology is based on the premise that criminal behaviour in individuals is always an effect of their sovereign decisions, even if – as this is the case in every the type of human behaviour – it is influenced by a variety of factors. The main problem is the origin of a crime, understood as an individual process leading to a crime, or in cases where minors are involved as perpetrators – to a punishable act. The origin of crime would then be concerned with a varied and mostly complex phenomena of the human psyche. The core notion here being the volitional process, which is pivotal when deciding if law has been broken. In humanistic criminology, empirical research is not only about diagnosing objective premises leading to a crime, but also about analysing the behavioural patterns displayed by a particular individual, with such person's specificity, realm of experience, the relevant psycho-logical components and their core element, i.e. the act of will. The aim of this paper is to present a criminal biography of a person sentenced for participation in an armed organised crime group and to attempt an interpretation of the biography from the humanistic criminology perspective, as proposed by L. Tyszkiewicz. The analysis employed the biographical method and a case study concerning a concrete perpetrator. The course of life of the researched individual and his involvement in the crime group was de-scribed on the basis of an interview. The accuracy of thus obtained data was verified against the body of evidence included in the files of the inmate. The research was conducted in the penal institution where the convict serves a life sentence. The detailed results of the research are included in the article.
Kryminologia feministyczna
Authors: Emilia Rekosz-Cebula
Published: July 2024

This article discusses the defining characteristics of feminist criminology. Given the sheer volume of materials and data on feminist criminology, I have selected only those aspects which I believe enable it to be described as completely as possible. The theoretical and methodological premises of feminist criminology are discussed first. The focus is on the key concepts and methodological research principles that distinguish feminist criminology from other trends in criminology. The existing literature on feminist criminology is then presented to show the extent to which the topic has been explored both empirically and theoretically. The diverse interests of feminist researchers, both male and female, are also apparent in the next aspect of feminist criminology, viz. the divisions and different strands of feminist thinking on criminology. Those that appear most frequently in the literature are discussed. The premises, areas and variants of feminist criminology have to be described before questions can be asked about its status and its future. The status and future of feminist criminology are, I believe, the two key components of any discourse on the feminist perspective. As such, they are discussed as well. The final aspect of feminist criminology is its definition. This is derived from the topics mentioned above.
Zjawisko przemytu dóbr kultury
Authors: Olgierd Jakubowski
Published: July 2024

Trafficking in cultural property is a transnational crime that threatens world cultural heritage and jeopardizes legitimate trade in art. The smuggling of cultural property assumes a number of forms. Items might be illegally imported or exported, cultural property might be take out of a country on a temporary permit and not returned, and cultural property might not be declared when it is brought into a country to avoid paying duty. Given such diverse forms of smuggling, criminologists find it hard to give an unequivocal definition of trafficking in cultural property and to specify who is a trafficker and who is not. The illegal transfer of cultural property across national borders is often connected to, if not tightly bound with, other types of crime. Criminals who steal precious works of art and organized gangs that loot archaeological sites all factor smuggling into their plans to sell the stolen cultural property. Trafficking often remains undetected until a stolen item is found abroad. Unless the item is found, many years can transpire before anybody realizes that it was illegally moved across national borders. Law enforcement statistics consequently fail to fully convey the scale of trafficking in cultural property. It is also worth noting that cultural property, and especially works of art, is of interest to organized crime and used as collateral in e.g. drug transactions and money laundering. Globalization has strengthened the phenomena that stimulate trafficking in cultural property. Streamlined movement of goods, limited border checks and higher traffic between countries are all contributing factors that heighten the risk of cultural property being illegally transferred. Preventive measures are required to alleviate this risk. International organizations such as UNESCO, UNODC and Interpol have been combating trafficking in cultural property by devising practical measures and drawing up regulations to help contain the problem. Unfortunately, these have met with mixed success. The measures devised to prevent the illegal movement of cultural property between EU member states have proved to be ineffective, prompting changes to both Polish law and EU regulations. This paper outlines the scale and extent of trafficking in cultural property and discusses the legal regulations designed to combat it.
Izolacja od społeczeństwa po odbyciu w pełni kary pozbawienia wolności
Authors: Ewa Dawidziuk
Published: July 2024

Artykuł opisuje funkcjonowanie Krajowego Ośrodka Zapobiegania Zachowaniom Dyssocjalnym w Gostynie na podstawie rozmów, jakie autorka przeprowadziła z pacjentami Ośrodka w czasie trzech jego wizytacji jako pracownik Biura Rzecznika Praw Obywatelskich. Ośrodek ten jest miejscem pozbawienia wolności oznaczonym jako podmiot medyczny, w którym prowadzona jest terapia dla osób z zaburzeniami psychicznymi w postaci upośledzenia umysłowego, zaburzenia osobowości lub zaburzenia preferencji seksualnych. Ośrodek został stworzony w 2014 r. na podstawie ustawy z 22 listopada 2013 r. Autorka opisuje przykłady dotyczące sytuacji prawnej kilku pacjentów Ośrodka i problemów z respektowaniem ich praw konstytucyjnych. Ustawa przewiduje, że sąd cywilny podejmuje decyzję, czy uznać osobę, która w pełni odbyła karę pozbawienia wolności, za stwarzającą zagrożenie dla społeczeństwa ze względu na zaburzenia i w dalszym ciągu pozbawiać ją wolności poprzez umieszczenie w KOZZD albo zastosować nadzór prewencyjny. Trybunał Konstytucyjny uznał przepisy ustawy, z wyjątkiem jednego, za zgodne z Konstytucją RP. W praktyce ustawa zawiera szereg luk prawnych bądź wymaga nowelizacji w zakresie obowiązujących uregulowań. Liczba pacjentów wzrasta bardzo szybko, a problemy pozostają nierozwiązane przez ustawodawcę, który nie chce się pochylić nad zgłaszanymi wielokrotnie przez Rzecznika Praw Obywatelskich zagadnieniami.
On the Preventative Effect of Sanctions for Drug Crime: The United States, Germany, and Portugal
Authors: Helmut Kury  , Annette Kuhlmann  , Jorge Quintas
Published: July 2024

One of the most discussed types of crime in Western countries is the use and sale of illegal drugs, especially hard drugs. The debate has become more heated over the few last years in the context of controversies over migration from the south to the north and an intensification of drug dealing. On the one hand, we find an increasing acceptance of soft drugs, while on the other hand, conservative groups argue for harsher punishment to reduce the problem. This chapter discusses the developments in the USA, Germany, and Portugal and raises doubts about the effectiveness of more and harsher punishment on crime prevention.
Wsparcie procesu readaptacji społecznej skazanych na przykładzie programu „Teatr, Mama, Tata i Ja”
Authors: Anna Dąbrowska  , Justyna Kusztal  , Małgorzata Turczyk
Published: July 2024

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja innowacyjnego programu readaptacji skazanych w zakładzie karnym nakierowanego na budowanie i wzmacnianie więzi z dziećmi. Program „Teatr, Mama, Tata i Ja” realizowany jest od 2015 r. do chwili obecnej przez zespół Teatru Lalki i Aktora „Kubuś” i pracowników Aresztu Śledczego w Kielcach dla osób odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności. Współczesne programy resocjalizacji wykorzystują podstawowe środki resocjalizacji wymienione w polskim Kodeksie karnym wykonawczym z 1998 r. Obok nauki, pracy, zajęć kulturalno-oświatowych i sportowych oraz oddziaływań terapeutycznych regulacje prawne wskazują na kontakty z rodziną i osobami bliskimi. Programy te uwzględniają prawo skazanych do utrzymywania kontaktów z rodziną na mocy prawa międzynarodowego i krajowego, a w zakresie metodycznym są adekwatne do najbardziej aktualnego podejścia kognitywno-behawioralnego w terapii (cognitive-behavioural therapy) i działaniach korekcyjnych. Realizacja kontaktów dzieci z rodzicami jest obowiązkiem rodziców w kontekście zabezpieczenia praw dziecka, a po stronie instytucji korekcyjnej leży obowiązek zapewnienia skazanym realizacji ich praw w czasie odbywania kary pozbawienia wolności. Artykuł ma charakter empiryczny, wykorzystuje bowiem metody analizy dokumentów oraz obserwacji uczestniczącej.
The Polish years of Leon Radzinowicz. A contribution to biography: Polskie lata Leona Radzinowicza. Przyczynek do biografii
Authors: Jan Widacki
Published: July 2024

Hardly anything is known about the background and family of Sir Leon Radzinowicz or about his period of intensive academic activity in Poland between 1929 and 1938. Moreover, in his academic autobiography, entitled Adventures in Criminology, Radzinowicz is imprecise about details. This concerns both the dates of various events, notably that of his obtaining a doctoral diploma from the Jagiellonian University (Kraków, Poland) and his arriving in Poland from Geneva, and the names of various people cropping up in his biography. Similarly, the interesting works of Radzinowicz (until 1935, Rabinowicz) from his ‘Polish period’ are hardly known worldwide outside of a narrow circle.
Przestępczość nieletnich w USA i w Polsce na podstawie wybranych statystyk kryminalnych
Authors: Maciej Witold Bernasiewicz  , Monika Noszczyk-Bernasiewicz
Published: July 2024

W artykule omówiono rozmiary, strukturę i dynamikę przestępczości nieletnich w USA oraz Polsce. Tekst traktuje również o różnych rodzajach statystyk oraz bazach danych, z których możemy korzystać, gdy dokonujemy opisu zjawiska przestępczości. Pomimo odmiennych tendencji demograficznych, w obu krajach mamy do czynienia z trendem spadkowym w zakresie szeroko pojętej przestępczości nieletnich, za którą uważa się liczone łącznie czyny karalne, jak i przejawy demoralizacji (w USA status offenses). W USA w latach 1980-2017 liczba zatrzymań nieletnich obniżyła się o 59,8%, zaś w Polsce spadek liczby podsądnych – biorąc za okres analizy lata 2000-2018 - wyniósł 30%. Najbardziej istotny wpływ na obniżający się poziom przestępczości nieletnich w obu krajach miał spadek liczby przestępstw przeciwko mieniu.
‘We condemn abusing violence against women’. The criminalization of domestic violence in Poland: „Potępiamy nadużywanie przemocy wobec kobiet”. O kryminalizacji przemocy domowej w Polsce
Authors: Magdalena Grzyb
Published: July 2024

One can often hear Polish politicians saying there is no violence against women in Poland, since Polish men respect their women and women hold a strong position in Polish culture. The conviction rates for domestic abuse in Poland are indeed low, though the attrition rates are high. Every year, for approximately 75,000 registered cases of domestic violence, there are roughly 10,000 convictions. Most of the prison sentences are conditionally suspended. Protective orders or other punitive measures are seldom handed down. There is a visible reluctance on the part of the criminal justice system to punish and correct domestic abusers. One of the reasons is that domestic abuse provisions in the Polish Penal Code (Article 207 of the Polish Penal Code from 1997) criminalises a very different behaviour than is defined in the Counteracting Family Violence Act from 2005. Another, possibly even greater, reason is the culture of sentencing (both in general and of domestic abuse) within the Polish judiciary and the very strong conservatism of Polish decision-makers and society. The protection of family values by legislators and the judiciary is often enforced at the expense of the victims’ right to life and to a life free from violence. This article discusses the Polish system for preventing domestic violence, which was set up in 2005 and the construction and jurisprudence of crime described in Article 207 of the Polish Penal Code. In particular, the question of culpability raises many problems when it comes to prosecution. First, we must compare Article 207 with the definition of ‘family violence’ specified in the Counteracting Family Violence Act and the Istanbul Convention. Then, I will explain how such an understanding and interpretation of Article 207 translates into the dynamics of sentencing and penal decision-making and the virtual ineffectiveness of both penal provisions (the lack of deterrent effect) and the system of counteracting family violence designed by lawmakers.
Punishing white-collar offenders. Theory and function: Karanie sprawców "w białych kołnierzykach". Teoria i funkcja
Authors: Andrzej Uhl
Published: July 2024

The most prominent sentencing theories, also known as justifications for punishment, were developed long before white-collar crime entered mainstream criminology. Not surprisingly, the literature still focusses on the phenomenology of white-collar crime rather than on the issues of punishment. As a growing number of respectable offenders face criminal prosecution or even incarceration, the application of traditional sentencing rationales proves problematic in practical, ethical, and terminological terms. The article first explains how the debate on punishing upper-world offenders in Europe is inhibited by the offence-based nomenclature of economic crime or ‘collaring the crime, not the criminal’. Thereafter, a review and discussion of relevant English-language literature on the subject is offered, leaving open some questions as to its applicability to the Central-eastern European context. White-collar offenders were traditionally viewed as the perfect target for general deterrence, yet the body of evidence challenges this hypothesis. The theory of positive general prevention seems promising with regard to reinforcing business ethics and counteracting the spiral effect. It is hardly clear what the rehabilitation of middle-class convicts should mean in practice, while incapacitation is reinvented as business debarment and the loss of licences. There is often a glaring discrepancy between retributive and preventive ends in white-collar cases, which also features the political dimension of class inequalities in the criminal justice system. A short excursus provides insight into neoliberal criticisms of punishing white-collar offenders, revealing its unintentional similarities to penal abolitionism. Finally, empirical findings on subjects relevant to punishment theories, such as fair sentencing, public attitudes, and the effectiveness of deterrence, are reviewed with special attention given to Central and Eastern European research.
Using design thinking and innovation camps to combat forced labour: A case example: Wykorzystanie myślenia projektowego i obozów innowacyjnych do zwalczania pracy przymusowej. Analiza przypadku
Authors: Sebastián Arévalo Sánchez  , Juan Pablo García Sepúlveda  , John Winterdyk
Published: July 2024

Educating young people on the risks of forced labour is not only one of the most critical duties in eradicating human trafficking, but due to its clandestine nature, it is also one of the most challenging. Drawing on practical experiences in Colombia, the authors exalt the value of integrating co-creation and innovation tools to promote a more effective, meaningful, and impactful knowledge transfer on forced labour between education disciplines This article, therefore, begins by presenting a descriptive overview of the application of design thinking and innovation camps. Next, the article approximates the application of those methods and instruments in teaching the issue of human trafficking, including forced labour. Then, it examines the opportunities of using design thinking and social innovation camps to educate a new generation with the knowledge, skills, and power to disrupt forced labour. Finally, this article concludes that design thinking and innovation camps are practical methods and instruments to create alternative learning environments to educate the next generation of young changemakers capable of disrupting forced labour through innovation, entrepreneurship, and technology.
Functional Ankle Reconstruction Technique After Total Calcanectomy
Authors: Uzun Metin , Eralp Levent
Published: July 2024

Background: Although comminuted fractures, osteomyelitis, large skin ulcers, and malignant tumors are rarely seen in the calcaneus, it is a problematic region to treat because it is not an actual compartment and has insufficient blood supply. Few foot and ankle surgeons would recommend total calcanectomy in various cases of malignant tumors, comminuted fractures, ulcerations of the heel often seen in diabetic patients, and chronic osteomyelitis. After calcanectomy, if functional reconstruction is not performed, the patient will experience loss of function, pain, wound problems, talonavicular dislocations, and additional surgical interventions. In this study, we demonstrate calcanectomy and simultaneous functional reconstruction techniques while discussing the patients’ results.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated three patients who underwent total calcanectomy between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2020.Two of these procedures were due to osteomyelitis of the calcaneus after trauma, and one was due to a chondroblastic osteosarcoma of the calcaneus.

Results: The patients were followed up for an average of 116 months. None of the patients developed problems with their wounds in the postoperative term or during follow-up.

Conclusions: Total calcanectomy as a surgical method of limb salvage yields successful results. We believe that these results can be improved with functional reconstruction and rehabilitation with custom-made shoes, and the results do not entail additional morbidity or require additional hindfoot bone reconstruction.
Vasopressor-Induced Peripheral Gangrene Secondary to COVID-19: A Case Report
Authors: O’Dell Brennen Lee , Kochhar Kanika , Johnson Alton
Published: July 2024

Lower-extremity amputations are a major concern for the current state and future of healthcare, with ischemia contributing significantly to this issue. This is an infrequent but serious complication of vasopressor use. Unfortunately, there is little research existing on the topic and even fewer guidelines on treatment options. Vasopressors are often used to treat life-threatening hypotension. However, ischemic changes associated with vasopressor use often do not present for several days. It is frequently recommended that patients undergo amputation when the first signs of ischemia occur. This approach, however, does not allow for the full process of demarcation, making it difficult to determine which portions of the lower extremity will remain viable. This is a case study of a 37-year-old man who developed severe complications from COVID-19 and was subsequently admitted. Because of a complicated hospital course, he required the use of vasopressor medication that subsequently led to the development of ischemic changes to his bilateral forefeet and hands. Through a prolonged period of demarcation and the collaboration of multiple specialties, the patient was able to salvage each limb and maintain his functionality.
Angioleiomyoma of the Foot: Clinical and Functional Outcomes of Surgical Treatment in a Case Series
Authors: Ipponi Edoardo , Bechini Elena , Ruinato Alfio Damiano , Franco Silvia De , D’Arienzo Antonio , Andreani Lorenzo
Published: July 2024

Background: Angioleiomyoma is a benign soft-tissue tumor that arises from the smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of the blood vessels. Although the most common location for these neoplasms is the uterine wall, they can also originate from lower limbs. Altogether, these neoplasms account for 0.2% of all those located in the foot and ankle region. Signs and symptoms of foot angioleiomyoma can be a localized pain, swelling, and functional impairment. To date, only case reports and case series with small populations have been reported in the literature to describe the clinical picture of these neoplasms and the effectiveness of surgical treatment. In this study, we report our results of surgical treatment for angioleiomyomas of the foot.

Methods: Thirteen cases suffering from angioleiomyoma of the foot underwent surgical resection in our institution between January of 2017 and January of 2022. For each case, we recorded preoperative and postoperative symptoms, and their preoperative and postoperative functional status according to both Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score (MSTS) and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Score (AOFAS). Eventual complications and local recurrence were reported.

Results: Each patient had at least mild pain before surgical treatment. The mean preoperative MSTS and AOFAS were 22.1 and 76.8, respectively. The mean tumor size was 17.7mm. Preoperatively, each patient underwent resection with wide margins. None had local recurrences or major complications at their latest follow-up. After surgery, the mean postoperative MSTS and AOFAS increased to 29.5 and 98.8, respectively. Each case had a marked increment of their functionality and a reduction of their pain after surgery.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that surgical approach with tumor resection should be considered a safe and reliable treatment for foot angioleiomyomas in light of the extremely low risk of local recurrence and because of the good postoperative pain relief and functional restoration that can be obtained after the treatment.
Progressive Pain Response in Idiopathic Clubfoot Children Undergoing Ponseti Casting: A Prospective Evaluation in 34 Feet
Authors: Barik Sitanshu , Agarwal Anil , Upadhyay Ankur , Patel Yogesh
Published: July 2024

Background: Investigations of pain and physiologic responses response during Ponseti casting are in the preliminary stage. This short-term study aims to quantify pain responses and to note the variations, if any, during subsequent casting sessions.

Methods: In this prospective study, the pain parameters were evaluated in 34 clubfeet. Video recording of each casting session was performed 1 minute before casting, during casting, and after 1 minute of casting. The videos were scored objectively using Neonatal Infant Pain Score (NIPS). Heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation were recorded by using a pulse oximeter.

Results: There was progressive increase in pain response until, at the last casting session, it was recorded as NIPS 4 (interquartile range, 1) (P = .02479). Before, during, and after casting, HR rose significantly in succeeding sessions. The mean HR during the first cast session was 175.5 ± 27.2/min, which increased to a mean of 197.3 ± 18.9/min (P = .000282). For the third parameter (oxygen saturation), no differences were observed between the first and last casting sessions.

Conclusions: There was moderate pain response during Ponseti casting sessions as demonstrated by the NIPS. It rose significantly toward the last cast. The clubfoot child showed an exaggerated heart rate in succeeding casting sessions. No variations were noticed for oxygen saturation.
Association between the metabolic score for insulin resistance and prostate cancer: a cross-sectional study in Xinjiang
Authors: Wang Jinru , Apizi Aireti , Tao Ning , An Hengqing
Published: July 2024

Background

Insulin resistance is associated with the development and progression of various cancers. However, the epidemiological evidence for the association between insulin resistance and prostate cancer is still limited.

Objectives

To investigate the associations between insulin resistance and prostate cancer prevalence.

Methods

A total of 451 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with prostate cancer in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were selected as the case population; 1,863 participants who conducted physical examinations during the same period were selected as the control population. The metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) was calculated as a substitute indicator for evaluating insulin resistance. The Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test were performed to compare the basic information of the case population and control population. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to define factors that may influence prostate cancer prevalence. The generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to fit the relationship between METS-IR and prostate cancer. Interaction tests based on generalized additive model (GAM) and contour plots were also carried out to analyze the interaction effect of each factor with METS-IR on prostate cancer.

Results

METS-IR as both a continuous and categorical variable suggested that METS-IR was negatively associated with prostate cancer prevalence. Smoothed curves fitted by generalized additive model (GAM) displayed a nonlinear correlation between METS-IR and prostate cancer prevalence (P < 0.001), and presented that METS-IR was negatively associated with the odds ratio (OR) of prostate cancer. The interaction based on the generalized additive model (GAM) revealed that METS-IR interacted with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) to influence the prostate cancer prevalence (P = 0.004). Contour plots showed that the highest prevalence probability of prostate cancer was achieved when METS-IR was minimal and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) or total cholesterol (TC) was maximal.

Conclusions

METS-IR is nonlinearly and negatively associated with the prevalence of prostate cancer. The interaction between METS-IR and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) has an impact on the prevalence of prostate cancer. The study suggests that the causal relationship between insulin resistance and prostate cancer still needs more research to confirm.
Comparative Evaluation of Three-dimensional Skeletal and Dentoalveolar Effects of Sawangi Flexiforce Expander and NiTi Expander in Class II (vertical) Cases with Maxillary Constriction: A Research Protocol
Authors: Atole Srushti , Kamble Ranjit
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Maxillary constriction is a very common type of malocclusion found at any age. It is recommended to treat it as early as possible to avoid the worsening of the situation and to re-establish optimal function and aesthetics. Expansion of the maxillary arch is considered the best treatment procedure in a growing child. There are various appliances used for the expansion of the arch. The Nickel Titanium (NiTi) expander is considered the hallmark in orthodontics, but it has a few drawbacks. To overcome these drawbacks, the Sawangi Flexiforce Expander (SFE) has been introduced. The present study aims to evaluate and compare the effects of SFE against NiTi expander. Need for the study: The commercially available NiTi expander is very expensive. As most dental practices are located in rural areas, not every patient requiring arch expansion can afford it. Therefore, there is a need for an appliance that is as effective as the NiTi expander but affordable for everyone. Aim: To evaluate and compare the three-dimensional skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of SFE against the NiTi expander in class II (vertical) cases with maxillary constriction using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Materials and Methods: The present FEM study will be conducted in the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics at Sharad Pawar Dental College in Wardha, Maharashtra, India. The study will take place from November 2023 to October 2024. A single patient with a vertically growing pattern will be selected for a Computed Tomography scan (CT scan) of the Nasomaxillary complex based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The CT scan of the patient will then be converted into a 3D finite element model. The 3D models of the NiTi expander, SFE, and nasomaxillary complex will be studied to evaluate and compare the three-dimensional effects. Parameters such as stress distribution and displacement at skeletal, dental, and dentoalveolar landmarks of the nasomaxillary complex in three directions due to both expanders will be evaluated. An unpaired t-test will be used to determine significant differences between the two expanders and to compare the outcomes. The displacement at each landmark due to 1 mm of activation of both expanders will be correlated using the Pearson’s correlation test. A p-value <0.05 will be considered significant.
Foetal Pulmonary Artery Derived Doppler Parameters for Foetal Lung Maturity Assessment: An Observational Study
Authors: Seth Namdev , Verma Saumya
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is a major cause of foetal mortality and morbidity, especially in preterm labour because of concerns about foetal lung maturity. One of the method to assess foetal lung maturity is the Doppler assessment of the foetal Pulmonary Artery. Aim: To assess the accuracy of Doppler findings of the foetal Main Pulmonary Artery (MPA) in foetal lung maturity assessment and prediction of the development of neonatal RDS in preterm deliveries. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Radiology, along with the Departments of Obstetrics and the Department of Paediatrics of Rama Medical College, Hospital, and Research Institute in Kanpur, India from May 2022 to December 2022. A total of 76 pregnant women with singleton pregnancies and gestational age <37 weeks were included. Clinical history and relevant clinical examination data were collected from the patients. Ultrasound examination began with a general survey of the gestational sac, foetal biometry, detailed anatomical evaluation for any evident anomalies, and then cardiac evaluation. The Doppler waveform of the MPA was confirmed by its characteristic ‘spike and dome pattern’. It was distinguished from the ductus arteriosus waveform, as it shows a triangular waveform with increased diastolic flow. Acceleration Time (AT) was measured from the start of the systolic wave to the first systolic peak. Ejection Time (ET) measurement included the entire systolic wave. The diagnosis of RDS was made by the paediatrician, who was blinded to the Doppler findings. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software to assess the diagnostic ability of the Doppler findings and to find the cut-off values with maximum sensitivity and specificity. Results: Out of the 76 pregnant women included in this study, 14 were excluded due to inadequate Doppler measurements and not being able to give birth within one week of Doppler evaluation. The study assessed a total of 62 pregnant females who underwent preterm delivery following the Doppler study. In total, 28 neonates developed RDS. Doppler parameters of both groups were compared (the first group included pregnant women whose neonates developed RDS after birth, and the second group included pregnant women whose neonates didn’t develop RDS after birth) with the help of the ROC curve. The AT/ET ratio achieved the highest sensitivity and specificity, both at 82%. Conclusion: The AT/ET ratio has produced the best results among all foetal pulmonary artery-derived Doppler parameters and is a promising non invasive method for assessing foetal lung maturity
Optimization of Financial Services Transaction Management Based on Blockchain Empowerment and Hierarchical Clustering
Authors: Wang Wencun , Zhao Di , Huang Can , Yao Jun
Published: July 2024

This study aims to enhance the efficiency of service transaction management in the contemporary financial industry. The approach involves three main steps. First, a Hyperledger Fabric blockchain network is established, and smart contracts are deployed to ensure the tamper-proof nature and transparency of transaction data. Second, a hierarchical clustering algorithm (HCA) is applied to thoroughly analyze the transaction data, uncovering potential patterns and structures. Finally, a performance evaluation experiment of the model is conducted, wherein a variety of financial transaction data are collected, comprehensively processed, and analyzed.
The research findings demonstrate that integrating blockchain technology with the hierarchical clustering method significantly boosts transaction management efficiency and data security. Specifically, this integrated approach improves transaction processing speed by more than 30% compared to traditional methods and shows marked efficiency improvements across various transaction volumes. Blockchain technology ensures data integrity, preventing tampering, while the detection rate of abnormal transactions increases to 99%, greatly enhancing system security.
These results underscore the practical application value of the fusion method in financial service transaction management. This study not only promotes further development and innovation in financial service transaction management but also provides more efficient and secure solutions for the fintech sector.
The Impact of Responsible Financial Business on the Profitability Performance of Public Listed Companies in Asia
Authors: Abbas Yasir Abdullah
Published: July 2024

This research aimed to test the association among responsible financial business and its impact on profitability performance. This study chose a sample of publicly listed companies (PLC) in the large Asian companies listed on the stock market, consisting of 120 companies listed from 2010 to 2022. This paper showed that there is a positive and important relation among responsible financial business and profitability performance. Since 2010, after the international financial crisis, some countries have viewed a remarkable development in the public markets, in addition to a rise in the volume of business and a rise in the number of PLC on the stock market. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to test the extent to which these countries have been able to realize the significance of responsible business in the process of profit growth and economic integration, as well as what standards and policies have been applied for the purpose of interesting and encouraging the foreign capital and business. Also based on confirmation, the paper will classify and distinguish foreign direct business, its impact on integration, and its impact on profits. This research recommends that the investing in quality businesses is where your money should grow over the long term.
Effect of Implementing Differentiated Learning Based on Learning Style on Abilities in Mathematical Problem-solving
Authors: HN Hairani Partika , Syaiful  , Syamsurizal
Published: July 2024

This research was motivated by the low mathematical problem-solving abilities of State High School 4 students in Tanjung Jabung Barat-Indonesia. This research aims to determine the effect of implementing differentiated learning based on learning styles on students' mathematical problem-solving abilities using a Pretest and Posttest Control Group Design, namely that there is one group, each chosen randomly. The population of this research is all students in class. In this research, the sample used was 116 students divided into one class. The sample was determined using the Random Sampling technique. The data collection techniques used in this research were observation and tests of mathematical problem-solving abilities. This research indicates that differentiated learning based on learning styles effectively influences students' mathematical problem-solving skills. Thus, learning styles can be used as an alternative in improving problem solving abilities, especially in the context of mathematics learning.
Analysis of the Hilbertian Properties of the Sobolev Space \(H^1(\Omega)\)
Authors: Mazoni Grace Nkwese , Kasoki Clara Paluku , Londjiringa Emilien Loranu , Binene Camile Likotelo
Published: July 2024

This paper thoroughly examines the Hilbertian properties of the Sobolev space H1(\(\Omega\)). Based on the Lebesgue space L2(\(\Omega\)), H1(\(\Omega\)) is of particular importance in the analysis of functions with weak derivatives. The focus is on the Hilbertian structure of this space, which allows for the definition of a specific inner product and a rigorous verification of the associated completeness. These fundamental characteristics facilitate a detailed study of convergence, continuity, and orthogonality of functions in H1(\(\Omega\)), thereby enhancing its relevance for solving various complex mathematical problems.
This paper aims to address gaps identified in the existing literature, where the explicit verification of these essential properties is sometimes omitted, thus compromising mathematical rigor and the applicability of results in various contexts.
Studies on Bio-chemical Attributes of Spiced Beetroot Ready-to-Serve (RTS) Beverage
Authors: Jat Vishvjeet Singh , Adhikary Kunal , Singh Vartika , Pandey Divya , Verma Satyavrat , Parmar Shipra Singh
Published: July 2024

The study could be useful in determining how to use beetroot for juice production in order to reduce loss owing to underutilization, and the addition of spices can provide a distinct flavor while masking the earthy Odor of beetroot. The study was conducted at Post Harvest Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, ITM University, Gwalior. The experiment was laid in a Completely Randomized Design with fourteen treatment combinations and three replications in each treatment. The treatments consisted of several combinations of flavour with spices including various concentrations of Cumin, Cardamon, Cinnamon and Mint. Organoleptic attributes are the sensory parameters based on which, one can justify the taste, flavour and overall appearance of the product. From the conducted research trail, it has been observed that out of 11 treatments, T0 (Beet root (20 ml) + Sugar (10 g) + Water (80 ml)), showed least results. In the aspects of taste T0 ranked with the value of 5.67 followed by T2 6.67 at 0th day. From the conducted experimental trail, it has been observed that at final day the TSS was recorded highest value with 11.78 0B in T2 (Beet root (20 ml) + Sugar (10 g) + Water (80 ml) + Mint extract (10 ml)). Since the conducted experiment it has been found that Vit-C was recorded highest in T9 and T10, with the value of 6.13 and 6.43 mg/100ml. it has been assumed that by the addition of spices like cumin and cinnamon the vit-C content of the RTS was increased, which was future countered by the fermentation process at 3rd final day.  The synergy between beetroot's betalains and mint's bioactive compounds could potentially amplify the overall health-promoting effects of the juice.
Comparative Study of Above Ground Biomass and Carbon Stock in Chakrata Forest Division
Authors: Yadav Raushan Kumar , Kesarwani Shefali , Dhawan V K , Sinha Prem Ranjan , Pandey Arpana
Published: July 2024

Forests plays important role in ecosystem. Forest shows a variety of ecosystem services, one of the most important ones being absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and converting it into biomass. Biomass refers to the mass of the living organism within a tree. Forests play a major role in sequestering carbon and regulating the global carbon and energy cycles. Accurately estimating forest biomass is crucial for understanding carbon stock and sequestration, forest degradation, and climate change mitigation. The primary objective of this research paper is to find out above ground biomass as well as carbon stock of coniferous species of Chakrata forest division also known as “Jaunsar Bawar” located in the state Uttarakhand. Sample plots are selected on random basis in 22 compartments from where data is collected. Techniques used for assessment of biomass are traditional field measurement. Biomass has measured through collection of information on DBH, Number of tree species, tree height etc within sample plots. The present study demonstrates that Chakrata forest division is one of most floristic diverse forest area. Chakrata forest division is very diverse consisting of 5 major forest types from sub-tropical to alpine forest. Under Chakrata forest division Kanasar forest range is acclaimed in Asia for Deodar tree growth. Present study also illustrates the well growth of Deodar, Kail, Silver fir and Spruce. In this study highest average AGB 107.41 tonnes/ha is recorded in case of Cedrus deodara species with Average carbon stock of 226.7 tonnes/ha as compared to Fir and spruce which are 53.51 tones/ha and 113.29 tonnes/ha. In case of species Pinus wallichiana Average above ground biomass is 38.3 ton/ha and average carbon stock is 81.08 ton/ha.
Impact of Hasanta Rice on Yield and Brown Plant Hopper Incidence in Rain-Fed Semi-lowland Ecosystems: A Farmer-centric Study
Authors: Rai A. K. , Panda S. , Panda T.C. , Dash S. R. , Mishra P.J. , Phonglosa A. , Patra C.
Published: July 2024

The field experiment was conducted during the Kharif seasons of 2021 and 2022 in farmers’ fields across four adopted villages, involving 13 farmers. The results exhibited that the Brown Plant hopper (BPH) incidence was significantly lower in the rice variety Hasanta compared to the farmers' variety, Pratikshya. Notably, Hasanta recorded higher performance metrics in several key areas. The number of tillers per hill, panicle length, plant height, and test weight were all superior in Hasanta compared to Pratikshya in both years of the study. This indicates a consistent advantage in these agronomic traits. The average grain yield of Hasanta was also notably higher, achieving 43.83 q/ha in 2021 and 45.0 q/ha in 2022. In comparison, the farmers' variety, Pratikshya, yielded 39.25 q/ha in 2021 and 40.10 q/ha in 2022. This demonstrates Hasanta's superior yield performance under the given conditions. Overall, the study determined that the rice variety Hasanta showed consistent tolerance to BPH incidence and performed well under rain-fed conditions. Given its higher yield and resilience, Hasanta is a promising supernumerary over Pratikshya in the rain-fed semi-lowland rice ecosystem, offering substantial yield benefits and higher net returns (Rs. 38290/ha) for farmers.
Assessment of Kodo Millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) Genotypes for Salt Stress Tolerance at the Seedling Stage Using Germination Tray
Authors: Mishra Garima , Tiwari Sushma , Paliwal Shruti , Sharma Sanjeev
Published: July 2024

An experiment was conducted in a poly house setup using germination trays to investigate the effects of salt stress on the seedling growth and germination of 42 genotypes of Kodo Millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum). This research, utilizing a Completely Randomized Design with three replications, was conducted at the Research Farm of RVSKVV in Gwalior. To ensure uniformity and manage variability, a consistent mixture containing equal parts of compost, vermiculite, and cocopeat in a 1:1:1 ratio was used. Salt stress levels were applied using NaCl solutions of concentrations 50 mM, 100 mM, 250 mM, and 500 mM. Increased emergence time and a lower final germination percentage were recorded at a 50 mM salt concentration compared to the control (0 mM). However, at higher concentrations, the effects were more severe, resulting in complete lethality with no recorded germination. At a 50 mM concentration, compared to the control, there was a decrease in shoot length, root length, seedling length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, total fresh weight, total dry weight, vigour index, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll concentration. Concurrently, an increase in proline concentration in the leaves was noted. The salt tolerance index and chlorophyll index was calculated to categorize genotypes based on their relative tolerance to salt-induced stress.
Effect of NAA and ZnSO4 on Cracking and Chemical Properties of Litchi Fruits
Authors: Rawat Anand Singh , Tripathi V.K.
Published: July 2024

An experiment was carried out in the Garden, Department of Fruit Science, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.) during two subsequent years i.e., 2022 and 2023 to assess the effect of NAA and ZnSO4 on cracking and chemical properties of litchi fruits. The study consisted of sixteen treatments, incorporating varying levels of NAA (0, 25, 50, and 75 ppm), zinc sulphate (0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6%), and their combinations, which were administered in a Factorial-CRD design. The foliar application of treatments was done on January 28 and March 16 of both years i.e., in 2022 and 2023, before flowering and fruit setting at pea stage on 63-year-old plants of litchi cv. Rose Scented. The results of the study indicated that plants treated with the combination of NAA @ 50ppm and zinc sulphate @ 0.4% resulted in the significantly lowest number of cracked fruit (1.23 and 1.19) and fruit cracking percent (6.31 and 6.15 %) with significant improvement in chemical property parameters of fruits such as juice content (63.63 and 64.22%), TSS (18.09 and 18.380Brix), total sugars (15.96 and 16.30%), titratable acidity (1.32 and 1.28%), TSS: acid ratio (13.67 and 14.31), sugar: acid ratio (12.04 and 12.66), ascorbic acid (41.22 and 41.64 mg/100g pulp) and organoleptic test (83.36 and 82.82) throughout the investigation years in the plains of Northern India.
Preference of Indian Honey Bee, Apis cerena indica Fab. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) for Varying Sucrose Concentrations and Colours
Authors: Kannihalli Saleemali , M Sahana , D U Shashank , Vastrad A S
Published: July 2024

Nectar foraging provides honey bees with essential energy and enhance pollination, supporting biodiversity. Flower colour attracts and guide them to nectar rich flowers promoting effective pollination. With this background, a study was conducted at apiary, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad to investigate the preference of honey bees to different concentrations of sucrose and colours. It was found that the highest activity of honey bees occurred between 10 AM to 11 AM. Among the different sucrose concentrations offered, honey bees showed a preference for 40 per cent concentration with an average of 9.53 bees/petri plate/5 mins over others. Colour preference experiment demonstrated that honey bees preferred yellow color the most, followed by blue, white and red, with 9.07, 6.00, 3.67 and 1.60 bees/petri plate/5 mins, respectively. The present study revealed that honey bees optimize their foraging activity by choosing flowers with higher nectar amounts and yellow coloured flowers.
Myocardial Infarction: Causes, Symptoms, and Emergency Response
Authors: Khan Shazain , Chaudhry Raheel , Mahmood Arhum , Masmoum Mohd. Diya , Altaf Shaf A. , Mirza Muhammad Sohail S.
Published: July 2024

Myocardial infarction (MI), often known as a heart attack, is a severe form of coronary artery disease that causes myocardial damage or necrosis as a result of persistent ischemia. Hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, lack of physical activity, and obesity are all significant risk factors. Recognizing symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, heavy perspiration, and nausea is crucial for timely treatment. Advances in high-sensitivity troponin tests, coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and pharmaceutical therapies, such as antiplatelet medications, beta-blockers, and statins, have all improved patient outcomes. The reduction of MI morbidity and mortality is contingent on early detection, prompt intervention, and ongoing care. This comprehensive study underlines the need to identify MI symptoms early and call emergency medical services to improve patient outcomes. Emerging medicines and future tactics in MI therapy, including novel antiplatelet agents and precision medicine approaches, hold promise for enhancing patient care.