bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The moderating role of entrepreneurship education in shaping entrepreneurial intentions
Authors: Shah Iqtidar A. , Amjed Sohail , Jaboob Said
Published: February 2020

Few studies investigated the role of entrepreneurship education in students’ entrepreneurial intentions. These studies produced controversial results which invited the attention of researchers for further investigations. This paper examines the moderating role of entrepreneurship education on the predictive value of attitude, subjective norms and self-efficacy for entrepreneurial intentions. True Experimental Design (post-test-only control group design) is used to investigate the change in the nature and magnitude of the impact of independent variables (personal attitude, self-efficacy and subjective norms) on the dependent variable (intentions) using entrepreneurship education as a moderating variable. Data were collected from the treatment group (completed entrepreneurship course) and control group (not taken entrepreneurship course) from various higher education institutions in Oman. Total 500 questionnaires were distributed, out of which 204 filled questionnaires were received back in which 196 qualified as valid responses. Structural equation modeling was used to test hypotheses. The statistical relationship among the modeled variables was estimated using Partial Least Square method. The results revealed that attitude toward entrepreneurship, subjective norms and self-efficacy are the significant predictors of entrepreneurial intentions. However, entrepreneurship education moderates this relationship by strengthening the path coefficients of attitude toward entrepreneurship and self-efficacy. Same time it weakens the path coefficient of subjective norms.
The critique of psychiatry as we enter the third decade of the 21st century
Authors: Rashed Mohammed Abouelleil
Published: February 2020

Critical psychiatry takes the position that ‘mental illness’ should not be reduced to ‘brain disease’. Here I consider whether this particular stance is outdated in light of more recent exchanges on reductionism, which consider questions raised by new mental health sciences that seek truly integrative and specific biopsychosocial models of illness.
Efficacy of High-Dose Chemotherapy and Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation for Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor: A Report From the Children’s Oncology Group Trial ACNS0333
Authors: Reddy Alyssa T. , Strother Douglas R. , Judkins Alexander R. , Burger Peter C. , Pollack Ian F. , Krailo Mark D. , Buxton Allen B. , Williams-Hughes Chris , Fouladi Maryam , Mahajan Anita , Merchant Thomas E. , Ho Ben , Mazewski Claire M. , Lewis Victor A. , Gajjar Amar , Vezina Louis-Gilbert , Booth Timothy N. , Parsons Kerry W. , Poss Vicky L. , Zhou Tianni , Biegel Jaclyn A. , Huang Annie
Published: February 2020

PURPOSE

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is an aggressive, early-childhood brain tumor without standard effective treatment. To our knowledge, we conducted the first AT/RT-specific cooperative group trial, ACNS0333, to examine the efficacy and safety of intensive postoperative chemotherapy and focal radiation to treat AT/RT.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Patients from birth to 22 years of age with AT/RT were eligible. After surgery, they received 2 courses of multiagent chemotherapy, followed by 3 courses of high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell rescue and involved-field radiation therapy. Timing of radiation was based on patient age and disease location and extent. Central testing of tumor and blood for SMARCB1 status was mandated. Tumor molecular subclassification was performed retrospectively. The primary analysis was event-free survival (EFS) for patients < 36 months of age compared with a cooperative groups’ historical cohort. Although accrual was based on the therapeutic question, potential prognostic factors, including age, tumor location, M stage, surgical resection, order of therapy, germline status, and molecular subtype, were explored.

RESULTS

Of 65 evaluable patients, 54 were < 36 months of age. ACNS0333 therapy significantly reduced the risk of EFS events in patients < 36 months of age compared with the historical cohort ( P < .0005; hazard rate, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.66). Four-year EFS and overall survival for the entire cohort were 37% (95% CI, 25% to 49%) and 43% (95% CI, 31% to 55%), respectively. Timing of radiation did not affect survival, and 91% of relapses occurred by 2 years from enrollment. Treatment-related deaths occurred in 4 patients.

CONCLUSION

The ACNS0333 regimen dramatically improved survival compared with historical therapies for patients with AT/RT. Clinical characteristics and molecular subgrouping suggest prognostic differences. ACNS0333 results lay a foundation on which to build future studies and incorporate testing of new therapeutic agents.
Age-related pharmacodynamics in a bumblebee-microsporidian system mirror similar patterns in vertebrates
Authors: Folly Arran J. , Stevenson Philip C. , Brown Mark J. F.
Published: February 2020

Immune systems provide a key defence against diseases. However, they are not a panacea and so both vertebrates and invertebrates co-opt naturally occurring bioactive compounds to treat themselves against parasites and pathogens. In vertebrates this co-option is complex, with pharmacodynamics leading to differential effects of treatment at different life stages, which may reflect age-linked differences in the immune system. However, our understanding of pharmacodynamics in invertebrates is almost non-existent. Critically, this knowledge may elucidate broad parallels across animals in regard to the requirement for the co-option of bioactive compounds to ameliorate disease. Here we use biochanin A, an isoflavone found in the pollen of red clover (Trifolium pratense), to therapeutically treat Nosema bombi (Microsporidia) infection in bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) larvae and adults, and thus examine age-linked pharmacodynamics in an invertebrate. Therapeutic treatment of larvae with biochanin A did not reduce the infection intensity of N. bombi in adults. In contrast, therapeutic treatment of adults did reduce the infection intensity of N. bombi. This transition in parasite resistance to bioactive compounds mirrors the age-linked pharmacodynamics of vertebrates. Understanding how different life-history stages respond to therapeutic compounds will provide novel insights into the evolution of foraging and self-medication behaviour in natural systems more broadly.
Trade Liberalization and Mortality: Evidence from US Counties
Authors: Pierce Justin R. , Schott Peter K.
Published: February 2020

We investigate the impact of a large and persistent economic shock on “deaths of despair.” We find that areas more exposed to a plausibly exogenous change in international trade policy exhibit relative increases in fatal drug overdoses, specifically among whites. We show that these results are not driven by pre-existing trends in mortality rates, that the estimated relationships are robust to controls for state-level legislation pertaining to opioid availability and health care, and that the impact of the policy change on mortality coincides with a deterioration in labor market conditions and uptake of disability insurance. (JEL F13, F16, I12, R12)
Age and High-Growth Entrepreneurship
Authors: Azoulay Pierre , Jones Benjamin F. , Kim J. Daniel , Miranda Javier
Published: February 2020

Many observers, and many investors, believe that young people are especially likely to produce the most successful new firms. Integrating administrative data on firms, workers, and owners, we study start-ups systematically in the United States and find that successful entrepreneurs are middle-aged, not young. The mean age at founding for the 1-in-1,000 fastest growing new ventures is 45.0. The findings are similar when considering high-technology sectors, entrepreneurial hubs, and successful firm exits. Prior experience in the specific industry predicts much greater rates of entrepreneurial success. These findings strongly reject common hypotheses that emphasize youth as a key trait of successful entrepreneurs. (JEL G24, J14, L26, M13, O31)
Cervical vertebral maturation assessment on lateral cephalometric radiographs using artificial intelligence: comparison of machine learning classifier models
Authors: Amasya Hakan , Yildirim Derya , Aydogan Turgay , Kemaloglu Nazan , Orhan Kaan
Published: February 2020

Objectives:

This study aimed to develop five different supervised machine learning (ML) classifier models using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques and to compare their performance for cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) analysis. A clinical decision support system (CDSS) was developed for more objective results.

Methods:

A total of 647 digital lateral cephalometric radiographs with visible C2, C3, C4 and C5 vertebrae were chosen. Newly developed software was used for manually labelling the samples, with the integrated CDSS developed by evaluation of 100 radiographs. On each radiograph, 26 points were marked, and the CDSS generated a suggestion according to the points and CVM analysis performed by the human observer. For each sample, 54 features were saved in text format and classified using logistic regression (LR), support vector machine, random forest, artificial neural network (ANN) and decision tree (DT) models. The weighted κ coefficient was used to evaluate the concordance of classification and expert visual evaluation results.

Results:

Among the CVM stage classifier models, the best result was achieved using the ANN model (κ = 0.926). Among cervical vertebrae morphology classifier models, the best result was achieved using the LR model (κ = 0.968) for the presence of concavity, and the DT model (κ = 0.949) for vertebral body shapes.

Conclusions:

This study has proposed ML models for CVM assessment on lateral cephalometric radiographs, which can be used for the prediction of cervical vertebrae morphology. Further studies should be done especially of forensic applications of AI models through CVM evaluations.
The benefits of raising awareness of lymphoedema among care home staff
Authors: Thomas Melanie , Morgan Karen , Humphreys Ioan , Hocking Karl , Jehu Diane
Published: February 2020

Background:

Patients with lymphoedema referred to a lymphoedema service from care homes in one health board area in Wales were often complex cases, with repeated cellulitis, a history of falls and other complications. A pilot project was initiated to develop education and raise awareness of lymphoedema among care home staff.

Aims:

To enable care staff to identify residents with lymphoedema, promote prompt referrals, raise the importance of skin care and exercise in the management of lymphoedema and estimate the likely costs from complications associated with lymphoedema.

Methods:

An education tool was developed and 47 care homes were asked to participate. A lymphoedema therapist carried out a scoping review of the residents.

Results:

Forty-four care homes agreed to participate in the project with 1216 education packs being issued to care home staff. Initial findings suggest that of the 960 residents reviewed, 262 had lymphoedema (27%); 4% suffered with frequent falls, 1% had wounds and 3% had recurrent cellulitis. Only 13% (35/262) of residents with lymphoedema were known to the local lymphoedema service. Of the 31 residents reporting cellulitis, 81% had lymphoedema; of the 11 residents identified with a wound, 100% had lymphoedema and of the 40 residents reporting falls, 70% had lymphoedema.

Conclusion:

This educational project has identified the value of raising awareness of lymphoedema within care homes.
$C$--normal operators
Authors: Ptak Marek , Simik Katarzyna , Wicher Anna
Published: February 2020

A new class of operators, larger than C - symmetric operators and different than normal one named C - normal operatorsis introduced. Basic properties are given. Characterizations of this operators in finite dimensional spaces using relations with conjugate normal metrices are presented. Characterizations of Toeplitz operators and composition operators as C - normal operators are given. Bunches of examples are presented.
Advances in quantum cryptography
Authors: Pirandola S. , Andersen U. L. , Banchi L. , Berta M. , Bunandar D. , Colbeck R. , Englund D. , Gehring T. , Lupo C. , Ottaviani C. , Pereira J. L. , Razavi M. , Shamsul Shaari J. , Tomamichel M. , Usenko V. C. , Vallone G. , Villoresi P. , Wallden P.
Published: February 2020

Quantum cryptography is arguably the fastest growing area in quantum information science. Novel theoretical protocols are designed on a regular basis, security proofs are constantly improving, and experiments are gradually moving from proof-of-principle lab demonstrations to in-field implementations and technological prototypes. In this paper, we provide both a general introduction and a state-of-the-art description of the recent advances in the field, both theoretical and experimental. We start by reviewing protocols of quantum key distribution based on discrete variable systems. Next we consider aspects of device independence, satellite challenges, and protocols based on continuous-variable systems. We will then discuss the ultimate limits of point-to-point private communications and how quantum repeaters and networks may overcome these restrictions. Finally, we will discuss some aspects of quantum cryptography beyond standard quantum key distribution, including quantum random number generators and quantum digital signatures.
Wide-field direct ocular straylight meter
Authors: Ávila Francisco , Collados María Victoria , Ares Jorge , Remón Laura
Published: February 2020

The impact of the intraocular straylight (IOS) on the visual performance and retinal imaging is still a challenging topic. Direct optical methods to measure IOS avoid psychophysical approaches and interaction with the patient. In this work, we developed an optical instrument providing direct imaging measurement of IOS based on the double-pass technology. The system was tested in an artificial eye IOS model constructed with holographic diffusers and validated with theoretical simulations.
Photo-induced enhanced negative absorption in the graphene-dielectric hybrid meta-structure
Authors: Wang Lan , Gong Sen , Zhang Yaxin , He Zezhao , Yu Cui , Zhang Xilin , Zhang Ting , Zeng Hongxin , Kou Wei , Zhao Yuncheng , Wen Qiye , Feng Lan , Gong Yubing , Yang Ziqiang
Published: February 2020

Recently, the negative absorption in graphene-based metamaterials became a very attractive direction of THz electronic devices. Here we propose a graphene-dielectric hybrid meta-structure to realize photo-induced enhanced negative absorption in the THz regime, which results from strong graphene-light interaction. The negative absorption is derived from the degradation of the conductivity of graphene under optical pump. Meanwhile, the graphene-dielectric hybrid meta-structure introduces dispersion relation and resonance mode, which can couple with the incident wave to construct a strong resonance. In this case, both the dispersion of the propagating waves and resonance are contributed to the graphene-light interaction and enhance the negative absorption, in which the resonance coupling determines the distribution of negative absorption, and the maximum is dominated by dispersion. More importantly, compared with the previous work, the negative absorption is increased by nearly 100 times by adopting this meta-structure.
Generational Reenactment: Participating in Historical Reenactment to Confront Post-Deportation Trauma
Authors: Dunn Austin Graham
Published: February 2020

The interpretation of trauma from memory, the belatedness of events, is important to a broader understanding of generational trauma and collective identity, especially in relation to the deportations at the core of Bisbee ’17 (2018), directed by Robert Greene. Affirming Grierson’s claim that “no construction of collective identity can entirely dispense with memory,” the use of memory and reenactment in Bisbee ’17 is a way to deconstruct the trauma that perforates the town of Bisbee following the Bisbee deportation of 1917 (112). Bisbee ’17 complicates the concept of participatory reenactment as a form of recovery, where “in these participatory reenactments, subjects use their words and bodies to both describe and perform their historical selves” (Fuhs 58). In the instance of Bisbee ’17, the deportation is reimagined through performance, the townsfolk playing historical characters that come to both represent themselves and the figures of the past – in the case of Mel and Steve Ray, this relationship is further complicated by their portrayal of ancestors involved in the deportation. Most notably, Greene’s use of Fernando Serrano, a young Mexican American, who is both directly and indirectly impacted by the Bisbee deportation – his own mother was deported back to Mexico – is an attempt to juxtapose past and present.
This Is How I Remember: The Beaches of Agnès, Documentary Narration, and Building a Self in Film
Authors: Jacobs Matthew
Published: February 2020

The Beaches of Agnès (Les plages d’Agnès, Varda, 2008) could be described as a film essay, a memoir, an autobiography, or categorized as a documentary; while each of these may be accurate, the film pushes at the edges of these terms, playing with ideas of truth, fictionality and methods of re-creation. There is a constant tension in the film between “La Varda” the legendary French New Wave filmmaker, Agnès Varda the human director, and Agnès Varda the subject of investigation. From a narrative theory standpoint, there is a constant tension between the Narrated-I (the Varda being investigated as a historical subject) and the Narrating-I (some combination of the Varda we see on-screen and the implied Varda-author). The documentary nature of the film, documentary being heavily dependent on ideas of authority, recreation, and facticity, is a concern for Varda as she plays with these conventions in her own recreations and playful fictionalizing. These efforts and effects all lead to an amount of purposeful distancing between the real Varda, the on-screen Varda, and the Varda in recreation. This distancing mirrors the construction of the “author” – “implied author” – “narrator” system: the author Varda (actually visible, perhaps, glimpsed in the acts of directing); the implied Varda-author (present in the final decisions we see in camerawork, framing, and story progression) (the implied author here also, curiously, is the subject of the film); and the character-narrator, the Varda who takes the viewer through the film. These complications of self and past provide an opportunity to examine the film’s narrative construction, in which different aspects of the same self are presented simultaneously but are being put to different purposes. These techniques are part of Agnès Varda’s larger desire to destabilize the center subject of the film and to mediate that destabilization in the film’s construction. Varda mirrors in the film’s construction the techniques she’s using to outline the image of herself as the film’s subject: using techniques of fictionality and conventions of narrative to build an assemblage film and assemblage subject. Varda produces an impression of her subject, an outline built as decentered assemblage, giving a portrait of herself in a new type of “modest” (Bonner 121) autobiography-documentary.
Film
Authors: Milowicki Cari , Michael Nick , Lee Rylan , Corbett Jack
Published: February 2020

Hieronymus Bosch, Touched by the Devil (2015)

Netherlands

Director Pieter van Huystee Runtime 86 minutes

In Jackson Heights (2015)

USA

Director Frederick Wiseman Runtime 190 minutes

Yours in Sisterhood (2018)

USA

Director Irene Lusztig Runtime 101 minutes

They Shall Not Grow Old (2018)

UK/New Zealand

Director Peter Jackson Runtime 99 minutes

Paragraph 175 (2000)

USA

Directors Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman Runtime 81 minutes
DVD/Blu-ray
Authors: Dunn Austin Graham , Lee Rylan , Michael Nick , Corbett Jack
Published: February 2020

24 Frames (2017)

USA

Director Abbas Kiarostami Runtime 114 minutes

Blu-ray

USA, 2019 Distributed by The Criterion Collection (Region A/1)

Bowling for Columbine (2002)

USA

Director Michael Moore Runtime 120 minutes

Blu-ray USA, 2018

Distributed by The Criterion Collection (Region A/1)

Heart of a Dog (2015)

USA

Director Laurie Anderson Runtime 75 minutes

DVD USA, 2016

Distributed by The Criterion Collection (region 1)

Monterey Pop (1968)

USA

Director D. A. Pennebaker Runtime 79 minutes

Blu-ray USA, 2017

Distributed by The Criterion Collection (region 1)
Prevalence and prevention of brucellosis in cattle in Lebanon
Authors: Hassan Hussein , Salami Ali , Nehme Nada , Hakeem Raed Al , El Hage Jeanne , Awada Rana
Published: February 2020

Background and Aim: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium of the genus Brucella. This disease is present worldwide, especially in developing and underdeveloped countries, where it is endemic. This first-of-its-kind study in Lebanon aimed to assess the prevalence of brucellosis across the country and to determine the efficacy of a vaccine for reducing losses in herds so that its toll on public health is reduced. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and fifty-three blood serum and 261 milk samples were obtained from cows in different areas of Lebanon. The samples were analyzed using serological tests (rose Bengal, milk ring, and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) and confirmed with competitive ELISA and polymerase chain reaction. Results: The highest rate of Brucellae was found in the Bekaa region (10%). After vaccination of 5 cows and 13 heifers at different times, the results showed that all the vaccinated animals have developed an immune response to brucellosis 60 days after vaccination. This vaccine can be considered as stable and preventative to protect against brucellosis in animals and thus protect the public from this infection. Conclusion: These findings will provide further insight into designing future targeted awareness interventions and adapted policies as efforts toward reducing the prevalence and prevention of brucellosis in cattle in Lebanon.
Characterization of morphometric, reproductive and seedling traits of Parkia timoriana in northeast India
Authors: Thangjam Uttam , Sahoo Uttam , Thong Pentile
Published: February 2020

We studied variations on different traits of (D.C.) Merr. in twelve provenances systematically from their source of origin to a controlled environment where representative seedlings were grown. Among the provenances, P1 gave the best result for seed traits including germination traits, P7 for pod traits and P10 for seedling vigour. Effects of seasonal distribution of rainfall and temperature on seed and pod traits were also determined by computing multiple regression analysis. The results displayed winter rainfall and summer temperature as the most important factor determining pod and seed traits. Latitude also significantly (Pâ<â0.001) affected PWT (râ=â0.52), SWP (râ=â0.46) and SW (râ=â0.50). A common garden study for germination and seedling growth indicated P1 and P10 provenance as the best among all. Seeds drawn from P10 gave the highest seedling vigour with an average growth rate of 0.61 cm/day from 90th to 180th day. Highest broad-sense heritability values (h) were observed in germination traits, followed by seedling collar diameter. The lowest h was observed for seedling height.Parkia timoriana22
Analysis of Percentiles of Computer Science, Theory and Methods Journals CiteScore Versus Impact Factor
Authors: Okagbue Hilary I , Bishop Shiela A. , Adamu Patience I. , Opanuga Abiodun A. , Obasi Emmanuela C.M.
Published: February 2020

Impact factor (Web of Science, Clarivate Analytics) and CiteScore (Scopus, Elsevier) are the two leading metrics for journal evaluation, assessment and ranking. The relationship between the two is now established, using their respective percentile in this paper for 105 journal in the Computer science, theory and methods (CSTM) subject category. The available studies did not consider the quartile comparison of the journal percentiles of the two database (Scopus and Science Citation Index expanded). The mean impact factor and CiteScore are 2.08 and 2.67 respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient between the impact factor and CiteScore is (0.919, p = 0.000) and between their respective journal percentiles is (r = 0.804, p = 0.000). Analysis of variance revealed that the means of the impact factor and CiteScore of the 105 CSTM journals are the same (F = 3.64, P = 0.058) but different (F = 38.94, P = 0.00) for their respective percentiles. The median test contradicts the ANOVA as the medians of impact factor and CiteScore are different at 0.05 level of significance. The median journal percentiles are the same for only 2 journal titles. The median journal percentile (SCIE) is greater than the median journal percentile (Scopus) for 5 journal titles and less than the median journal percentile (Scopus) for 98 journal titles. The same result was obtained when the percentiles were converted to quartiles, but in this case, the median journal quartiles are the same for 37 journal titles. The median journal quartile (SCIE) is greater than the median journal quartile (Scopus) for 67 journal titles and less than the median journal quartile (Scopus) in only one journal title. Only 37 (35 %) journals are in the same quartile of the two metrics. Caution is recommended in journal evaluation as conflicting different results can be obtained using the same metric.
Aleksander Scibor-Rylski w tandemach: z Kawalerowiczem, Kutzem i Hofmanem
Authors: Śmiałowski Piotr
Published: February 2020

Aleksander Ścibor-Rylski was one of the greatest Polish scriptwriters, who in addition to numerous films based on his texts, left behind a trove of abandoned scripts. This article introduces Ścibor-Rylski as a highly versatile author, as exemplified by three scripts he wrote: Wczasy pod lipą [Lime Tree Holiday], Zaułek św. Sebastiana [Saint Sebastian Alley] and Stara baśń [An Ancient Tale]. Each of these scripts was written in a different convention and each was ordered by a different director, hence the title of this article – Aleksander Ścibor-Rylski in tandem with Kawalerowicz, Kutz and Hoffman. Apart from an analysis of the three scripts, the article describes the way they evolved, Ścibor-Rylski’s favourite stylistic clues and the reasons they remained unfinished.
Na białym szlaku. Zapomniany film o wojnie
Authors: Hendrykowski Marek
Published: February 2020

Hendrykowski Marek, Na białym szlaku. Zapomniany film o wojnie [“On the White Trails”: a forgotten film about the war]. „Images” vol. XXVI, no 35. Poznań 2019. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. Pp. 103–115. ISSN 1731-450X. DOI 10.14746/i.2019.35.05.

The article is an analytical and interpretative study of behind-the-scenes aspects and the poetics of a little-known feature film titled On the White Trails, directed by Jarosław Brzozowski and Andrzej Wróbel.
Podwójne spojrzenie na pewne zdarzenie z przeszłości. O Szpitalu w Cichiniczach Melchiora Wańkowicza i Wrotach Europy Jerzego Wójcika
Authors: Szpulak Andrzej
Published: February 2020

Szpulak Andrzej, Podwójne spojrzenie na pewne zdarzenie z przeszłości. O Szpitalu w Cichiniczach Melchiora Wańkowicza i Wrotach Europy Jerzego Wójcika [Double gaze at an event from the past. About Melchior Wańkowicz’s Hospital in Cichinicze and Jerzy Wójcik’s The Gateway of Europe]. „Images” vol. XXVI, no 35. Poznań 2019. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. Pp. 117–127. ISSN 1731-450X. DOI 10.14746/i.2019.35.06.

This text confronts two images of a small episode from the First World War and the struggle of Poland to regain its independence. The literary image, Hospital in Cichinicze, is the story of Melchior Wańkowicz (1926), and the film picture is The Gateaway of Europe by Jerzy Wójcik (1999). The film work was an adaptation of literary material; however, the ways memory is created in the two cases are different. Wańkowicz created a somewhat reporter-like, realistic, non-stereotypical record of events, while Wójcik’s story was more universal and at the same time more rooted in national symbolism.
Etyka a kłusownictwo
Authors: Szpetkowski Krzysztof
Published: February 2020

Łowiectwo podlega ścisłym regulacją prawnym. Obok prawodawstwa fundamentalne miejsce stanowi etyka łowiecka. Naprzeciw prawidłowemu łowiectwu opartemu na zasadach prawnych i etycznych staje kłusownictwo jako element nielegalnego i nie etycznego oddziaływania na przyrodę. Kłusownictwo ugruntowane przez wieki przetrwało do czasów współczesnych, znajdując odbicie we współczesnej, szkodliwej działalności człowieka. Problem kłusownictwa należy do niezwykle ważnych zagadnień z zakresu ochrony przyrody i łowiectwa, w tym prawodawstwa łowieckiego oraz etyki. Kłusownictwu sprzyjają wielopokoleniowe tradycje. Proceder ten, znany na ogół w środowisku wiejskim charakteryzuje specyficzna solidarność i zmowa milczenia. Występuje i rozwija się ono nadal na znaczną skalę, mimo wprowadzenia w ostatnim okresie obostrzeń prawnych. Realizowane jest przy użyciu różnorodnych metod i narzędzi. Współczesne techniki kłusownicze stoją na wysokim poziomie i są stale udoskonalane. Kłusownictwo występuje z różnym nasileniem, a w niektórych rejonach może powodować istotne zagrożenia dla egzystencji zwierząt dziko żyjących. Kłusownictwo jest zaprzeczeniem fundamentalnych zasad ochrony przyrody, jest działaniem sprzeczne z prawem i etyką łowiecką. Kłusownictwo jako działanie przeciwko przyrodzie wskazuje na brak humanitaryzmu i zatracenie poczucia człowieczeństwa. Drastyczne metody i urządzenia kłusownicze zwykle powodują uśmiercenie zwierzęcia w długotrwałych męczarniach. Statystyka ukazująca kłusownictwo jest niepełna, a uzyskane dane z reguły są znacznie zaniżone. Kłusownictwo dotyczy społeczności nie związanej z łowiectwem, jak również myśliwych. Myśliwi nie mogą wobec kłusownictwa stać obojętnie. Kłusownictwo w odczuciu społecznym nie spotyka się ze zdecydowanym społecznym potępieniem.Ustawowym obowiązkiem myśliwych jest zwalczanie kłusownictwa, także we własnym gronie. Myśliwi podobnie jak inne organizacje posiadają organy dyscyplinujące. Za naruszenie prawa, w tym kłusownictwo myśliwi odpowiadają przed sądami łowieckimi i powszechnymi. Współcześnie istnieją lepsze możliwości ograniczenia kłusownictwa. W obliczu obowiązujących przepisów prawa proceder kłusowniczy znajduje właściwe umocowanie prawne w aspekcie jego zwalczania. Zdecydowanie niewystarczające są możliwości egzekwowania tego prawa (niska wykrywalność, trudność udowodnienia przestępstwa, słabe zaangażowanie służb policyjnych i prokuratorskich), niewielka liczba skazanych oraz niska wysokość nakładanych kar. Znaczącym efektem działalności Straży Łowieckiej, obok innych działań, jest poprawa zdyscyplinowania myśliwych w odniesieniu do realizacji wymogów prawnych związanych z wykonywaniem polowań.
Łowiecki język prawny
Authors: Kościelniak-Marszał Miłosz
Published: February 2020

Współczesny kształt łowieckiego języka prawnego został w szczególnym stopniu zdeterminowany kontekstem sytuacyjnym, w jakim doszło do jego ewolucji. Jego cechy charakterystyczne stanowią wielokrotne wykorzystanie w tekstach aktów prawnych zwrotów charakterystycznych dla gwary myśliwskiej oraz trudność interpretacji przy wykorzystaniu dyrektyw wykładni językowej.
Polska i angielska terminologia dotycząca sarny w aspekcie translatologicznym
Authors: Matulewska Aleksandra
Published: February 2020

Praca prezentuje polską i angielską terminologię dotyczącą sarny. Jest to studium badawcze przygotowane z myślą o tłumaczach, którzy dokonują przekładu tekstów na polowaniach dewizowych w Polsce. Najpierw krótko zarysowano problemy wynikające ze specyfiki polskiego i angielskiego języka łowieckiego, a następnie, omówiono terminologię i frazeologię dotyczącą jednego z najpopularniejszych gatunków łownych w Polsce – sarny.
Multiplicity of positive solutions for quasilinear elliptic equations involving critical nonlinearity
Authors: Fang Xiangdong , Zhang Jianjun
Published: February 2020

We are concerned with the following quasilinear elliptic equation

$$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle -{\it\Delta} u-{\it\Delta}(u^{2})u=\mu |u|^{q-2}u+|u|^{2\cdot 2^*-2}u, u\in H_0^1({\it\Omega}), \end{array}$$(QSE)

whereΩ⊂ ℝNis a bounded domain,N≥ 3,qN<q< 2 ⋅ 2∗, 2∗= 2N/(N– 2),qN= 4 forN≥ 6 andqN=$\begin{array}{} \frac{2(N+2)}{N-2} \end{array}$forN= 3, 4, 5, andμis a positive constant. By employing the Nehari manifold and the Lusternik-Schnirelman category theory, we prove that there existsμ*> 0 such that (QSE) admits at least catΩ(Ω) positive solutions whenμ∈ (0,μ*).
Design of Load Frequency Control for a Microgrid Using D-partition Method
Authors: Veronica A. Jeya , Kumar N. Senthil , Gonzalez-Longatt Francisco
Published: February 2020

This paper proposes a load frequency control (LFC) scheme for the distributed generation (DG) system of the microgrid (μ-grid) using the D-partition method (DPM). μ-grid is formed with a combination of renewable and non-renewable sources to supply distribution system loads of smaller capacity. In this research paper, μ-grid comprising of a combination of a wind turbine generator (WTG) and Diesel Generator (DG) are taken for investigation of LFC. For the effective control of real power generation of μ-grid, Proportional-integral (PI) controllers are implemented for WTG and DG system so that the frequency deviation is minimized. The PI controller parameters found by using DPM are compared with the conventional Ziegler-Nichols method (ZNM). The main contribution of this work is to provide a single step /simplistic computing method for calculating the PI controller parameters of a dynamic system such as the microgrid system comprising of the renewable energy sources without any further requirements of retuning. Simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the DPM, which is superior in damping frequency oscillations of μ-grid.
Niveles de radón (222Rn) en oficina pública de Aldama, Chihuahua, México y grado de exposición al trabajador
Authors: Salinas-Ramírez Hilse Ximena , Rubio-Arias Héctor Osbaldo , Colmenero-Sujo Luis Humberto , Luévano-Gurrola Sergio Dionisio , Ochoa-Rivero Jesús Manuel
Published: February 2020

La inhalación de gas radón (222Rn) induce cáncer de pulmón en humanos. El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar la concentración de 222Rn en una oficina pública. El estudio se llevó a cabo en dos etapas; en la primera etapa (PE) se cuantificó a tres alturas (0.74 m, 1.33 m y 2.06 m) alejado de la puerta y en la segunda etapa (SE) se cuantificó en el centro. Los niveles de 222Rn (Bq m-3) se obtuvieron con un equipo AlphaGuard, Professional Radon Moniton. Se hizo un análisis Anova (α = 0.05) considerando un diseño de tratamientos factorial 3×2. Se detectaron diferencias estadísticas para el factor de altura (p < 0.05) y para el factor tiempo (p < 0.05), pero no para la interacción (p > 0.05) en PE y SE. La concentración de 222Rn fue mayor a la altura de 0.74 m (161.31 Bq m-3 en PE y 168.21 Bq m-3 en SE), que es superior a las normas internacionales (100 Bq m-3 de la Organización Mundial de la Salud [OMS] y 148 Bq m-3 para Estados Unidos de Norteamérica [EUA]).
Influencia de expectativas educativas y relaciones familiares sobre la prospectiva de embarazo en la adolescencia entre estudiantes de México
Authors: Gayou-Esteva Ursula , Meza-de-Luna María Elena , Negrete-Castañeda Ana Karenina
Published: February 2020

El Embarazo en la Adolescencia (EA) es más frecuente entre adolescentes que no gozan de pleno acceso a derechos y oportunidades de vida. Se desarrolló un estudio cuantitativo en Querétaro basado en la aplicación de un cuestionario multipropósito a 321 estudiantes de secundaria para entender la asociación entre la Prospectiva del Embarazo en la Adolescencia (PEA), con las relaciones familiares y expectativas educativas de esta población adolescente. Se identificó que 30% de los hombres y 20% de las mujeres encuentran posible vivir un EA y resaltó la presencia de expectativas familiares tradicionales de género en este grupo. Los principales factores de protección frente a la PEA fueron priorizar un alto nivel educativo (RM = 3.25 [IC: 1.06 a 9.98]), que se sientan queridos por sus familias (RM = 2.47 [IC: 1.36 a 4.50]) y tener personas con quién hablar sobre sexualidad (RM = 2.40 [IC: 1.31 a 4.38]). Los hallazgos convocan a fortalecer iniciativas para acompañar procesos de decisión en la adolescencia, con políticas públicas que amplíen sus opciones de vida desde la igualdad de género.
Mining and Defensive Mobilization
Authors: Akchurin Maria
Published: February 2020

Opposition to the social and environmental impacts of large-scale mining has become more visible in Chile since the early 1990s, yet not all mining projects catalyze mobilization. Building on the concept of defensive mobilization, I argue that opposition is more likely when a project is perceived as a threat to some members of a community. Using a data set of all major mining projects submitted for environmental licensing since environmental impact assessments were implemented in Chile, I identify the conditions under which mining projects lead to opposition. The results, based on binary logistic regression analysis, show that projects threatening agrarian and indigenous communities, where threats to existing water and land uses are especially salient, are more likely to be opposed. Community challenges are also more likely for projects majority-owned by international investors. About four out of every ten proposed projects have faced opposition, and only a handful of projects have ever been definitively rejected, even as projects that are found to violate regulations are increasingly fined and challenged in court as well as facing protests and public scrutiny.
Universal Social Protection
Authors: Shriwise Amanda , Kentikelenis Alexander E. , Stuckler David
Published: February 2020

Many intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) now place a high priority on universal social protection as a means for achieving sustainable development. Is this shift toward universal social protection just talk, or does it signify a more substantial emphasis on welfare within development policy? We present a theoretical framework for understanding discursive changes in global policy as rebranding, fads, trends, or paradigm shifts. We then conduct a comparative, semi-structured review of official language related to social protection used by six key IGOs (International Labour Organization, International Monetary Fund, United Nations Children’s Fund, United Nations Development Programme, World Bank, and World Health Organization) across five dimensions of social protection (labor market, health, family, housing, and education) before the introduction of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Then, employing the framework, we analyze the findings of this review to determine the significance of the discursive shift toward universal social protection in the context of the 2030 Agenda. We document that, at present, universal social protection is an influential policy trend that has shaped how IGOs understand and act on social issues. These findings inform theoretical debates on the relationship between discursive and substantive policy change and contribute to a growing literature on transnational social protection. They also have implications for efforts across agencies and sectors to enhance social protection and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.
Whose Legitimacy? China’s Drive for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Hou Xiaoshuo , Li Ping
Published: February 2020

Green technologies have become a field of competition between countries that are looking for new areas of economic growth and building low-carbon economies. This paper focuses on the case of electric vehicles (EVs) to look at the various actors embedded in the innovation network and explore the progress of and challenges to the diffusion of EVs in China. It complements a systems of innovation approach with the theory of institutional legitimacy, and discusses the regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive types of legitimacy for different EV-related actors in China. We argue that the EV industry has gained a certain level of regulative legitimacy from the Chinese central state and some local states, but because of power struggles among stakeholders, it has not achieved much normative or cultural-cognitive legitimacy. In fact, it seems that what consumers want is different from what the central and local states have promoted. The discrepancy in different types of legitimacy is also because state investment in green technologies is more of an industrial policy than an environmental policy, seeking to leapfrog China into a technological powerhouse. We thus propose that when studying systems of innovation, it is important to take into account power dynamics across actors and the interactive process of establishing legitimacy, because institutions should not be taken as static, pre-given structures. The different layers of institutions are not always congruent, and when faced with conflicting institutional demands, actors may develop strategies to adapt and change the institutions.
HEREDITARY ENDOCRINE TUMOURS: CURRENT STATE-OF-THE-ART AND RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES: Challenges and opportunities in genetic counseling for hereditary endocrine neoplasia syndromes
Authors: Brock Pamela , Geurts Jennifer L , Van Galen Paulien , Blouch Erica , Welch James , Kunz Amy , Desrosiers Lauren , Gauerke Jennifer , Hyde Samuel
Published: February 2020

The Genetic Counseling Working Group from the 16th International Workshop on Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN 2019) convened to discuss contemporary challenges and opportunities in the area of genetic counseling for individuals and families affected by hereditary endocrine neoplasia syndromes. As healthcare professionals with multidisciplinary training in human genetics, risk assessment, patient education, psychosocial counseling, and research methodology, genetic counselors bring a unique perspective to working toward addressing these challenges and identifying their subsequent opportunities. This Working Group focused on the following broad areas: (1) genetic counseling resources for endocrine neoplasias, (2) candidate gene discovery, (3) implications of increasingly sensitive and expansive genetic testing technologies for both the germline and the tumors, and (4) situating clinical diagnoses for hereditary endocrine neoplasia syndromes in the context of present-day knowledge.
Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Heart in Adults: A Practical Guideline from the British Society of Echocardiography
Authors: Zaidi Abbas , Knight Daniel S. , Augustine Daniel X. , Harkness Allan , Oxborough David , Pearce Keith , Ring Liam , Robinson Shaun , Stout Martin , Willis James , Sharma Vishal
Published: February 2020

The structure and function of the right side of the heart is influenced by a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions. Quantification of right heart parameters is important in a variety of clinical scenarios including diagnosis, prognostication, and monitoring response to therapy. Although echocardiography remains the first-line imaging investigation for right heart assessment, published guidance is relatively sparse in comparison to that for the left ventricle. This guideline document from the British Society of Echocardiography describes the principles and practical aspects of right heart assessment by echocardiography, including quantification of chamber dimensions and function, as well as assessment of valvular function. While cut-off values for normality are included, a disease-oriented approach is advocated due to the considerable heterogeneity of structural and functional changes seen across the spectrum of diseases affecting the right heart. The complex anatomy of the right ventricle requires special considerations and echocardiographic techniques, which are set out in this document. The clinical relevance of right ventricular diastolic function is introduced, with practical guidance for its assessment. Finally, the relatively novel techniques of three-dimensional right ventricular echocardiography and right ventricular speckle tracking imaging are described. Despite these techniques holding considerable promise, issues relating to reproducibility and inter-vendor variation have limited their clinical utility to date.
UCN2: a new candidate influencing pancreatic β-cell adaptations in pregnancy
Authors: Simpson Sian J S , Smith Lorna I F , Jones Peter M , Bowe James E
Published: February 2020

The corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) family of peptides, including urocortin (UCN) 1, 2 and 3, are established hypothalamic neuroendocrine peptides, regulating the physiological and behaviour responses to stress indirectly, via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. More recently, these peptides have been implicated in diverse roles in peripheral organs through direct signalling, including in placental and pancreatic islet physiology. CRH has been shown to stimulate insulin release through activation of its cognate receptors, CRH receptor 1 (CRHR1) and 2. However, the physiological significance of this is unknown. We have previously reported that during mouse pregnancy, expression of CRH peptides increase in mouse placenta suggesting that these peptides may play a role in various biological functions associated with pregnancy, particularly the pancreatic islet adaptations that occur in the pregnant state to compensate for the physiological increase in maternal insulin resistance. In the current study, we show that mouse pregnancy is associated with increased circulating levels of UCN2 and that when we pharmacologically block endogenous CRHR signalling in pregnant mice, impairment of glucose tolerance is observed. This effect on glucose tolerance was comparable to that displayed with specific CRHR2 blockade and not with specific CRHR1 blockade. No effects on insulin sensitivity or the proliferative capacity of β-cells were detected. Thus, CRHR2 signalling appears to be involved in β-cell adaptive responses to pregnancy in the mouse, with endogenous placental UCN2 being the likely signal mediating this.
Difusión del enfoque de seguridad humana en Costa Rica: entre la aceptación y la resistencia de la comunidad epistémica de derechos humanos
Authors: Colmenares Zapata Alexis
Published: February 2020

Los estudios de difusión de políticas pocas veces explican el papel que pueden desempeñar las comunidades epistémicas como promotores o bloqueadores de la difusión de una idea, norma o política. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el rol de la comunidad epistémica costarricense de derechos humanos en la difusión del enfoque de seguridad humana. El estudio sugiere que la comunidad de derechos humanos ha jugado un papel ambiguo en la difusión del enfoque de seguridad humana en Costa Rica, que se sitúa entre la aceptación y el rechazo. Adicionalmente, esta investigación encuentra que los mecanismos de coerción, competencia y socialización pueden tener influencia en actores distintos al Estado o al gobierno, como las organizaciones internacionales.
Controlador PID con algoritmos genéticos de números reales
Authors: Tejada Muñoz Guillermo
Published: February 2020

A genetic algorithm (GA) is an artificial intelligence technique that can be applied to any engineering specialty. In this study, the proposed GA finds optimal values for PID controller parameters Kp, Ki and Kd, which are widely used in the industry. Chromosomes, composed of Kp, Ki and Kd genes, represented by real numbers, evolve and are evaluated by the mean square error (MSE) of the desired output. In that sense, the solution is the chromosome with the lowest MSE, which produces less transient output. In addition, the GA has been encoded in MATLAB language and results have been compared with other works.