bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implication of the myo‐inositol pathway in behavioural alterations of infected threespine sticklebacks
Authors: Alves Verônica Angélica , Aubin‐Horth Nadia
Published: October 2022

Threespine sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus infected with the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus display impairments in their anti‐predator responses. They also have increased expression of the gene encoding the IMPase 1 enzyme in their brains, which is part of a key step in myo‐inositol synthesis. IMPase 1 and myo‐inositol levels are the targets of lithium treatment in patients with bipolar disorder.

Although promising candidates, we do not know if IMPase 1 and myo‐inositol are directly implicated in the changes in risky behaviours measured in Schistocephalus‐infected fish. Understanding the molecular mechanisms directly or indirectly involved in these behavioural alterations is crucial to understand the evolution of host–parasite interactions.

Here, we increased myo‐inositol levels of uninfected fish and inhibited IMPase 1 activity in infected fish to test the prediction that it would decrease and increase their anti‐predator behaviour respectively.

We found that uninfected fish with increased myo‐inositol levels (by injecting exogenous myo‐inositol or by inducing endogenous production using an osmotic challenge) did not decrease their anti‐predator responses. However, infected fish treated with lithium chloride had some of their anti‐predator behaviours restored, but not all. They spent less time swimming close to the surface, showed lowered activity, had a higher latency to feed in a novel environment and spent more time frozen after a predator attack.

Our results suggest that the target of lithium treatment is implicated in the risky behaviours of infected fish and supports the idea that the parasite‐associated alteration in behaviour has a multifactorial nature.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Cyanobacterial‐ and moss‐forming biocrusts consistently decrease the temperature sensitivity of microbial respiration along a continental precipitation gradient
Authors: Huang Gang , Su Yan‐gui , Wu Guo‐peng , Huang Zheng‐yi , Lin Si‐nuo , Cheng Hao
Published: October 2022

Biocrusts are prevalent and participate in many soil organic carbon (C) processes in drylands. The predicted increase in aridity will expand the biocrust cover and significantly impact soil organic C dynamics. However, how biocrusts change soil organic C decomposition and what factors drive the effect in response to climate warming remains largely unknown at a continental scale.

We measured microbial respiration and its temperature sensitivity (Q10) in bare soil lacking biocrusts and two universal biocrusted soils (cyanobacterial‐ and moss‐crusted soil) from 43 sites across a precipitation gradient from 39 to 443 mm to evaluate the relative effects of biocrusts on Q10 and the driving forces in northern China's dryland.

Microbial respiration increased and Q10 decreased with increasing precipitation in bare soil, cyanobacterial‐ and moss‐crusted soil. Biocrusts positively affected microbial respiration, with a more substantial magnitude by moss crusts than cyanobacterial crusts. Biocrusts negatively impacted Q10, and the magnitudes were similar between moss and cyanobacterial crusts. Most importantly, the relative effects of biocrusts on microbial respiration and Q10 increased with decreasing precipitation.

The positive effects of biocrusts on soil organic C content and microbial biomass carbon were positively correlated with the level of increased microbial respiration. Contrastingly, the magnitude of reduced Q10 was attributed to the biocrusts' positive effects on soil organic C quality and adverse effects on the ratio of fungal to bacterial PLFAs (F:B).

Our study provides strong evidence that biocrusts decrease the temperature sensitivity of microbial respiration in northern China's dryland. This result suggests that the predicted expanding biocrust cover is crucial for maintaining the soil organic C stability by buffering the positive impacts of climate warming on soil organic C decomposition in drylands.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Genetic and physiological insights into the diazotrophic activity of a non‐cyanobacterial marine diazotroph
Authors: Joublin‐Delavat Aurélie , Touahri Katia , Crétin Pauline , Morot Amandine , Rodrigues Sophie , Jesus Bruno , Trigodet Florian , Delavat François
Published: October 2022

Nitrogen (N2) fixation, or diazotrophy, supports a large part of primary production in oceans. Culture‐independent approaches highlighted the presence in abundance of marine non‐cyanobacterial diazotrophs (NCD), but their ecophysiology remains elusive, mostly because of the low number of isolated NCD and because of the lack of available genetic tools for these isolates. Here, a dual genetic and functional approach allowed unveiling the ecophysiology of a marine NCD affiliated to the species Vibrio diazotrophicus. Physiological characterization of the first marine NCD mutant obtained so far was performed using a soft‐gellan assay, demonstrating that a ΔnifH mutant is not able to grow in nitrogen‐free media. Furthermore, we demonstrated that V. diazotrophicus produces a thick biofilm under diazotrophic conditions, suggesting biofilm production as an adaptive response of this NCD to cope with the inhibition of nitrogen fixation by molecular oxygen. Finally, the genomic signature of V. diazotrophicus is essentially absent from metagenomic data of Tara Ocean expeditions, despite having been isolated from various marine environments. We think that the genetically tractable V. diazotrophicus strain used in this study may serve as an ideal model to study the ecophysiology of these overlooked procaryotic group.
Community Social Capital and Board Advising: Evidence from the Structure of Board Committees
Authors: Li Zhe , Wang Bo
Published: October 2022

We investigate how community social capital, captured by the strength of cooperative norms and social networks within a geographical community, affects the internal structure of corporate boards. We find that firms headquartered in high‐social‐capital US counties have a more advising‐intensive board structure, as they are more likely to set up specialized advisory committees and appoint more advisory directors. These findings are robust to endogeneity concerns and a battery of sensitivity tests. Our mediation analysis shows that the increased board advising intensity, induced by community social capital, reduces investment inefficiency. We further reveal that community social capital reduces board monitoring intensity and directors’ monitoring efforts. Overall, our results are consistent with the argument that community social capital serves as a societal monitoring mechanism to reduce firms’ need for board monitoring, and, hence, firms’ boards located in high‐social‐capital communities focus more on advising.
Religious residue: The impact of childhood religious socialization on the religiosity of nones in France, Germany, Great Britain, and Sweden
Authors: Beider Nadia
Published: October 2022

One of the distinguishing features of religious life in Western Europe in recent decades has been the sharp increase in the proportion of people who identify as unaffiliated with any religious tradition (religious nones). Non‐affiliation entails a rejection of religious belonging, not the absence of all religious belief and practice; yet the determinants of religiosity among nones have not been fully explored. Drawing on data from the 1998–2018 ISSP surveys in four West European countries (France, Germany, Great Britain, and Sweden), I test the impact of childhood religious socialization on the religiosity of unaffiliated adults by comparing lifelong nones, who were never religiously affiliated, with disaffiliates, who were raised within a religious tradition and have since exited organized religious life. Disaffiliates are consistently more religious than lifelong nones due to religious residue from childhood, with greater residue found among those who were more religiously committed as children. Religious decline among the unaffiliated over time, combined with the increasing proportion of lifelong nones and second‐generation lifelong nones who lack even an inherited, minimal religious residue, suggest that secularization will gather momentum.
Ecosystem structure drivers and simulation scenarios of a shallow Lake Ziway, Ethiopia
Authors: Hailu Mathewos , Mengistou Seyoum , Fetahi Tadesse
Published: October 2022

A trophic model was constructed for Lake Ziway, Ethiopia, using EwE suite aiming to analyse and evaluate food‐web structure, function and ecosystem properties. The input parameters were obtained from a survey of primary producers, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates and fish studies and published materials. Various levels of fishing effort were used to simulate and produce different scenarios. The biomass flow of the ecosystem was restricted between trophic levels I and II contributing 99.76%. The mean transfer efficiency was only 4.4%. The fishery catches consumed 2.5% of the primary production, and most of the production remains within the system unutilised (ecotrophic efficiency = 0.47). Fish groups were highly constrained by a combination of fishing and predation mortality as supported by high EE. Ecosim scenario analysis indicated that decreasing fishing effort of beach seine by half would increase the biomass of carp to six times in 10‐year period, which might have increased turbidity and competition with tilapia. Furthermore, a high abundance of African catfish may escalate predation mortality on tilapia. Thus, contrary to what the managerial body expects, tilapia may not benefit from beach seine restriction alone. The models have captured the increasing fishing yield of carp, which was not the case when the model was created.
Association of longitudinal high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein levels with changing membrane characteristics in peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Korucu Berfu , Deger Serpil Muge , Yeter Hasan , Akcay Omer Faruk , Cimen Yagiz , Dogan Burak , Kiraci Mehmet , Giritlioglu Ahmet , Kanber Seher , Erdemir Meltem Busra , Cicekli Seda , Guz Galip
Published: October 2022

Background

Increasing peritoneal permeability with ultrafiltration and solute removal inadequacy is a challenging issue in peritoneal dialysis (PD). Decreasing permeability is less frequent but also results in diminished solute clearance. We evaluated the association between longitudinal high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) values and the change in transport characteristics of the peritoneal membrane in PD patients.

Methods

This is a retrospective, single‐center study of incident PD patients. An increase or decrease in peritoneal transport status is defined as two or more categories of a rise or decline in the peritoneal equilibration test (PET) from their baseline during follow‐up. The 4‐h dialysate/plasma creatinine ratio was used to classify transport characteristics. Hs‐CRP values were obtained from the routine annual examinations of the patients.

Results

Baseline demographics, residual kidney function, frequency of high glucose‐containing dialysate, and icodextrin use were similar between the groups. Total episodes of peritonitis within the first 5 years of follow‐up were higher in stable transporters than in increased and decreased transporters (p = 0.009). Stable transporters' mean hs‐CRP values did not change within 5 years (Wilks' λ = 0.873, F (2.317, 180.740) = 2.210, p = 0.10). Increased and decreased transporters' hs‐CRP values significantly raised over the years (Wilks' λ = 0.422, F (1.979, 77.163) = 3.405, p = 0.04 and Wilks' λ = 0.558, F (3.673, 66.107) = 4.396, p = 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

Our study shows that the peritoneal membrane may change into different characteristics in many patients over time, despite very low peritonitis frequencies and similar baseline characteristics that may be significantly affected by systemic inflammation.
The association between OCD and Shame: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Laving Michelle , Foroni Francesco , Ferrari Madeleine , Turner Cynthia , Yap Keong
Published: October 2022

Background

Due to rumination and self‐criticism over unwanted obsessions and repetitive rituals, shame is a common emotion experienced by individuals with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Shame is also theorized to have relevance to unacceptable thoughts in OCD. However, empirical research looking at the relationship between OCD and shame is still emerging and findings have been mixed.

Objectives

Our review systematically examines the association of shame with OCD and unacceptable thoughts.

Methods

The last updated search was conducted across five databases between 27 and 29 February 2022. The final selection included 20 papers, 18 of which were used in the primary meta‐analysis to calculate pooled effect sizes between OCD and shame measures using a random effects model. In a separate analysis, three papers were used to calculate pooled effect sizes between shame and OCD symptom dimensions also using a random effects model.

Results

The meta‐analyses identified a significant, moderate and positive correlation between total OCD and shame scores r = .352, 95% CI [0.260, 0.438]. In addition, significant, weak and positive relationships were found between shame and three OCD symptom dimensions: unacceptable thoughts r = .252, 95% CI [−0.467, 0.9708], harm obsessions r = .224, CI [−0.190, 0.638] and symmetry concerns r = .200, CI [−0.108, 0.509].

Limitations

Shame measures in the reviewed studies were not specific to OCD, and between‐study variance in the analyses examining unacceptable thoughts was significant.

Conclusions

Our findings support a medium positive relationship between shame and OCD. As shame in OCD can be a barrier to seeking treatment and impair quality of life, it is imperative to address this emotion through psychoeducation, assessment and treatment.
Peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass‐like structures: Multimodal imaging—A review
Authors: Heath Jeffery Rachael C. , Chen Fred K.
Published: October 2022

Peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass‐like structures (PHOMS) are a laterally bulging herniation of distended axons into the peripapillary region above the level of Bruch's membrane opening. Increased use of enhanced depth imaging‐optical coherence tomography (EDI‐OCT) in our evaluation of the optic nerve head (ONH) and greater recognition of the vast range of optic nerve pathologies with which PHOMS is associated provides convincing evidence that PHOMS is not just buried optic disc drusen (ODD) as previously described. The frequent coexistence of PHOMS with ODD, papilloedema, anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy, tilted optic disc syndrome, inflammatory demyelinating disorders and other diseases associated with axoplasmic stasis provides insight into its underlying pathophysiology. The present review will discuss the role of key imaging modalities in the differential diagnosis of PHOMS, explore the current literature on the relationship between PHOMS and common neuro‐ophthalmic conditions, and highlight the gaps in our knowledge, with respect to disease classification and prognosis, to pave the way for future directions of research.
Stakeholder‐derived recommendations and actions to support deep‐reef conservation in the Western Indian Ocean
Authors: Stefanoudis Paris V. , Talma Sheena , Fassbender Nico , Swanborn Denise , Ochieng Christine Nyangweso , Mearns Kevin , Komakoma John D. , Otwoma Levy M. , Mbije Nsajigwa Emmanuel , Osuka Kennedy E. , Samoilys Melita , Shah Nirmal , Samaai Toufiek , Trotzuk Evan , Tuda Arthur , Zivane Francisco , Wagner Daniel , Woodall Lucy C.
Published: October 2022

Deep reefs below 30 m provide essential ecosystem services for ocean health and human well‐being such as food security and climate change resilience. Yet, deep reefs remain poorly researched and largely unprotected, including in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO). Here, we assessed current conservation approaches in the WIO focusing on deep reefs, using a combination of online surveys and semi‐structured interviews. Results indicated that deep‐reef data are sparse and commonly stemming from non‐peer‐reviewed or non‐publicly available sources, and are often not used to inform conservation of WIO marine protected areas. Based on those findings, we co‐developed a framework with WIO stakeholders comprising recommendations linked to specific actions to be undertaken by regional actors to improve the capacity of the region to collect and share deep‐reef information. We hope this framework will enhance deep‐reef stewardship and management throughout the WIO and thus aid sustainable blue economic growth in the region.
Torquetenovirus viral load is associated with anti‐spike antibody response in SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccinated kidney transplant patients
Authors: Querido Sara , Adragão Teresa , Pinto Iola , Ormonde Carolina , Papoila Ana Luísa , Pessanha Maria Ana , Gomes Perpétua , Ferreira Sílvia , Figueira João Mário , Cardoso Conceição , Viana João Faro , Weigert André
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Kidney transplant patients (KT) are at high risk for severe COVID‐19 and presented attenuated antibody responses to vaccination when compared to immunocompetent individuals. Torquetenovirus (TTV) has recently gained attention as a potential surrogate marker of the net state of immunosuppression. We evaluated the association between pre‐vaccination TTV viral load and anti‐spike total antibody response to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in KT.

Material and Methods

The 114 adult KT recipients enrolled in this prospective single‐center cohort study received two doses of SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine. Serum samples were collected immediately before vaccination at the days when patients received both the first (T0) and the second dose (T1) and 16–45 days after the second dose (T2). Primary endpoint was the development of anti‐spike total antibodies after vaccination. Demographic, clinical, and laboratorial parameters were compared between patients with and without detectable SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies at T2.

Results

Ninety‐nine patients (86.8%) were naïve for SARS‐CoV‐2 before vaccination. Fifty‐six (56.6%) patients developed anti‐spike total antibodies at T2. The use of mTOR inhibitors was associated with a favorable response (p = .005); conversely, mycophenolic acid (MPA) was associated with a negative response (p = .006). In a multivariable model, the presence of TTV at T0 ≥ 3.36 log10 cp/ml was associated with unfavorable vaccine response (OR: 5.40; 95% CI: 1.47–19.80; p = .011), after adjusting for age and eGFR at T0.

Conclusions

Higher TTV viral loads before vaccination are associated with reduced anti‐spike total antibody response in SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccinated KT patients. The association between TTV viral load and vaccine response may be an added‐value in the optimization of vaccination regimens in KT.
Using single‐cell multi‐omics screening of human fetal pancreas to identify novel players in human beta cell development
Authors: Olaniru Oladapo E. , Hook Philippa , Persaud Shanta J.
Published: October 2022

Islet transplantation from organ donors can considerably improve glucose homeostasis and well‐being in individuals with type 1 diabetes, where the beta cells are destroyed by the autoimmune attack, but there are insufficient donor islets to make this a widespread therapy. Strategies are therefore being developed to generate unlimited amounts of insulin‐producing beta cells from pluripotent stem cells, with the aim that they will be transplanted to treat diabetes. Whilst much progress has been made in recent years in the directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to beta‐like cells, essential gaps still exist in generating stem cell‐derived beta cells that are fully functional in vitro. This short review provides details of recent multi‐‘omics’ studies of the human fetal pancreas, which are revealing granular information on the various cell types in the developing pancreas. It is anticipated that this fine mapping of the pancreatic cells at single‐cell resolution will provide additional insights that can be utilised to reproducibly produce human beta cells in vitro that have the functional characteristics of beta cells within native human islets.
UX Your Design Team
Authors: Jura Kelly
Published: October 2022

The pandemic has made workers everywhere rethink their priorities.

Basic principles of user experience can be used to help retain employees during the Great Resignation while also helping to improve their working experiences.
TRPA1 promotes UVB‐induced skin pigmentation by regulating melanosome luminal pH
Authors: Wu Wei , Wang Yupeng , Liu Ying , Guo Handan , Li Zhou , Zou Wei , Liu Jing , Song Zhiqi
Published: October 2022

Melanocytes stimulated by ultraviolet radiation (UVR) produce melanin and melanosomes, which causes skin pigmentation and acts as an important physiological defence process for photoprotection. Neutral luminal pH of melanosomes is critical for providing optimal conditions for the rate‐limiting, pH‐sensitive melanin synthesizing enzyme tyrosinase (TYR). As a major component of extraocular phototransduction pathway, transient receptor potential ankyrin1 (TRPA1) can be activated by ultraviolet B (UVB) and reported to be expressed in melanocytes. However, whether TRPA1 is involved in the regulation of melanogenesis remains unclear. Melanogenic activity of TRPA1 was evaluated in primary normal human epidermal melanocytes (HEMs) and murine B16‐F10 cell cultures, and the effects of topical applications of TRPA1 specific agonist and antagonist on UVB‐induced skin pigmentation were confirmed on in vivo guinea pig models. Calcium (Ca2+) imaging and pH imaging were performed to analyse the effects of TRPA1 on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]ic) and melanosome luminal pH. TRPA1 regulated melanin synthesis, UVB‐induced Ca2+ influx and melanosome luminal pH in HEMs and B16‐F10 cells. Topical treatment of TRPA1 specific agonist JT010 increased UVB‐induced skin pigmentation in guinea pigs, while topical using of TRPA1 selective antagonist HC‐030031 mitigated such pigmentation. Our results indicated that TRPA1 activated by UVB enhanced the skin pigmentation, most likely by regulating the [Ca2+]ic and the melanosomal pH, consequently influencing the enzymatic activity of TYR. Therefore, the results suggest TRPA1 as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of skin pigmented disorders that are at high risk under UVB irradiation.
Development and psychometric properties of the Chinese Invalidating Family Scale
Authors: Io Lam , Wang Qian , Wong On L. , Li Zirong , Zhong Jie
Published: October 2022

The present study aims to develop the Chinese Invalidating Family Scale (CIFS) and examine its psychometric properties. The CIFS comprises two parts that measure the degree (Part 1) and types (Part 2) of family invalidation. Study 1 explored the structure and reliability of the CIFS using data from Sample 1 (N = 1323; Mage = 26.3) and Sample 2 (N = 152; Mage = 25.1). Part 1 of the CIFS is separated into father (20 items) and mother (27 items) subscales. Exploratory factor analysis identified four factors for the father subscale and five factors for the mother subscale. The shared factors are neglect, denial, emotional dysregulation, and overemphasis on achievements, while psychological control is the unique dimension for Mother subscale. Part 2 includes five items assessing the types of family environment. Results indicated acceptable to good reliability of the CIFS, with Cronbach's α higher than 0.60, split‐half reliability higher than 0.70, ICCs higher than 0.70, and high criterion‐related validity. Study 2 examined the structure and the validity of Part 1 with Sample 3 (N = 2282; Mage = 19.90) through confirmatory factor analysis. Part 1 showed good construct validity (RMSEAs = 0.05, GFI, NFI, CFI, and AGFI >0.90) and acceptable convergent validity (AVE >0.36, CR >0.76). Overall, the CIFS is a promisingly stable and valid tool to evaluate the invalidating family environment in Chinese culture.
Effects of self‐efficacy on the intention to take preventive actions against infectious diseases: Focusing on dental hygiene students in South Korea
Authors: Son Eun Gyo
Published: October 2022

Objective

This study aimed to determine the impact of self‐efficacy on the intention to take preventive actions against infectious diseases, focusing on dental hygiene students during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

A survey was conducted through a questionnaire distributed to 300 dental hygiene students at the Department of Dental Hygiene, Gangneung Yeongdong College in South Korea. In total, 251 students completed the survey (response rate: 83.6%). The survey data were analysed via exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, path analysis and structural equation modelling.

Results

The analysis showed that self‐efficacy positively affected students' intentions to take preventive actions against infectious diseases.

Conclusions

This study confirmed that self‐efficacy positively affected dental hygiene students' intentions for preventive actions against infections. Furthermore, it suggested that self‐efficacy should be classified into psychological (confidence and judgement) and behavioural (drive and task challenge) categories, and a systematic survey to formalize the concept of self‐efficacy should be developed. The results of this study should enable a better understanding of the impact of self‐efficacy on the intention to take preventive actions against infectious diseases.
Knowledge, attitude and practices of Saudi dental hygiene students towards novel corona virus disease (COVID‐19): A nation‐wide study
Authors: Mulla Mushir
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Healthcare workers involved in procedures that generate aerosol or handling patient specimens are associated with a high possibility of COVID‐19 infection. Thus, it is very important for the health workers to understand the knowledge related to transmission, prevention and protocols of COVID‐19.

Methods

Cross‐sectional questionnaire study was conducted on dental hygiene students in Saudi Arabia. An online version of pre‐tested and validated questionnaire was used to test the KAP for COVID 19.

Results

The mean score for knowledge‐related questions was found to be 2.91 ± 1.59, attitude‐related questions to be 2.84 ± 1.41 and for practice‐related questions to be 4.20 ± 1.36. After converting the scores into percentages, any score <60% was categorized as poor score, 60%–80% as average score and >80% as good score. Students showed poor knowledge and attitude towards COVID‐19. But the practice of dental hygiene students towards COVID‐19 was found to be good with the score of 83.4%.

Conclusion

The outcome of this cross‐sectional study shows that most of dental hygiene students studying in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are following good practices towards COVID‐19 inspite of having poor knowledge and attitude.
Evaluation of knowledge about and attitudes towards toothbrush disinfection, personal plaque control, and periodontal diseases of patients presenting to dental clinics
Authors: Altindal Dicle , Sahin Aydinyurt Hacer , Korkmaz Yalcin Duygu
Published: October 2022

Objectives

The present study aims to evaluate patients' knowledge about toothbrush disinfection (TBD), plaque control, knowledge, and awareness of periodontal diseases (P‐knowledge and P‐awareness).

Methods

The study enrolled 121 participants (70 women and 51 men). Participants were asked to fill out a survey containing questions about demographic characteristics, toothbrushing habits, toothbrush storage conditions, toothpaste use, TBD, P‐knowledge, and P‐awareness. The periodontal clinical parameters (GI, PI, PPD, CAL, BOP, and GR) and DMFT index were recorded. The patients were informed about TBD, and 1 month later, the participants were contacted again and asked whether they disinfected their toothbrushes.

Results

The participants (51.2%) do not have any knowledge about TBD. Most of those who reported disinfecting their toothbrushes think that washing toothbrushes with tap water is disinfection (23.1%). One month after the TBD training, only 36.3% of the participants reported that they disinfected, albeit not regularly, their toothbrushes with white vinegar. While there was no statistically significant relationship between genders in terms of visiting dentists, a significant relationship was found between genders in terms of toothbrushing frequency (p < 0.05). P‐awareness was found to be “medium” while P‐knowledge was at a “low” level. While there was no statistically significant difference between income levels in terms of P‐knowledge levels, a significant difference was found between genders and educational backgrounds in terms of P‐knowledge levels (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The results of the study suggest that the participants do not have enough knowledge about toothbrush storage conditions, toothpaste sharing, and TBD. Collaborating with dental hygienists to raise awareness about oral health and TBD may have a positive impact.
Cross‐sectional evaluation of periodontal inflammation and oral hygiene status between fixed appliances and Invisalign in patients affected by craniofacial anomalies
Authors: Tortora Chiara , Poli Corinne , Suriano Alice , Panzeri Maria C. , Autelitano Luca , Meazzini Maria C.
Published: October 2022

Objective

The objective of this cross‐sectional study was to compare the difference in the oral health status and oral hygiene of orthodontic treatment with aligners (AL) and with fixed appliances (FA) in patients affected by craniofacial anomalies (CFA).

Materials and Methods

The sample consisted of 100 Caucasian patients affected by various CFA from two different hospitals. Fifty patients treated with AL were matched for sex, age and CFA with a control sample of 50 patients treated with FA. Patients' periodontal conditions were evaluated in both samples. O'Leary Plaque Control Record, bleeding on probing (BOP) and DMT/dmft Index were evaluated in both samples.

Results

The FA group presented an O'Leary Plaque Control Record of 60% ± 30, while AL presented an O'Leary Plaque Control Record of 40% ± 29.7 (p‐value = 0.02), BOP was 22.1% ± 14 in FA and 12% ± 0.13 in AL (p‐value = 0.03). The DMFT/dmft was not statistically different (p‐value = 0.13).p‐value was set at <0.039.

Conclusion

The study shows that the sample with FA presented a higher O'Leary Plaque Control Record and BOP compared to the AL sample. AL might, therefore, be an interesting alternative to FA in patients with CFA, who generally have a lower level of oral hygiene.
Are technology‐based health education methods able to reduce oral health inequalities between the sexes in adolescents? A cluster randomized trial
Authors: Marchetti Gisele , Vendruscolo Joana Leticia , Reis Giselle Emilãine da Silva , Fraiz Fabian Calixto , Soares Geisla Mary Silva , Assunção Luciana Reichert da Silva
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Determine if different technology‐based health education interventions can reduce oral health inequalities between the sexes in a sample of adolescents.

Methods

A cluster randomized clinical trial was conducted in three phases with an initial sample of 291 male and female adolescents 14–19 years of age. Phase I (n = 288) comprised a clinical examination performed by a calibrated examiner using the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI‐S) and gingival bleeding index (GBI). Phase II involved two educational interventions: video (VD; n = 147) or oral counselling (OR; n = 141) with standardized content. In phase III, an App was made available to half of the clusters (OR + App; n = 66/OR without App; n = 71/VD + App; n = 63/VD without App; n = 63), and the clinical examination was performed a second time. Data were evaluated using descriptive analysis and nonparametric tests.

Results

In phase I, boys had a lower standard of oral hygiene compared with girls, with higher mean OHI‐S (p = 0.039) and GBI (p = 0.015). After VD and OR interventions, no significant difference between sexes was found regarding the mean OHI‐S. However, males had a higher mean GBI compared with females in the OR group (p = 0.006). When the App was added to OR and VD groups, males in the ‘OR without App’ group had a higher mean GBI compared with females (p = 0.007).

Conclusion

This clinical trial demonstrated that educational interventions involving information technologies were effective at reducing oral health inequalities between the sexes among adolescents. However, oral counselling alone was not efficient in reducing GBI in male adolescents.
Cutaneous adverse drug eruption: the role of drug patch testing
Authors: Thaiwat Supitchaya , Rojanapanthu Pattareewan
Published: October 2022

Background

Drug patch testing has been proposed as a helpful investigation upon suspecting drug allergy. We evaluated the value of drug patch testing in Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions (CADRs).

Methods

All patients with a diagnosis of CADRs were patch tested with suspected drugs.

Results

Of 122 patients with CADRs, 44.3% had at least one positive result after drug patch testing, P value = 0.312. Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptom (DRESS) rendered the highest positive patch testing at 53.9%, followed by a maculopapular rash (MP) at 49.0%, fixed drug eruption (FDE) at 48.3%, lichenoid drug eruption and Stevens‐Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) at 25.0% each. Lichenoid drug eruption had the longest mean onset of almost 2.5 years. One hundred and twenty‐eight drugs and herbal medicines were tested. About 32.8% of these drugs gave a positive result, P value = 0.041. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were the most common positive drug especially for fixed drug eruption (FDE), followed by antiretroviral and antibiotics, which were the most common positive drugs for MP. While anti‐Tuberculosis (anti‐TB) drugs and antihypertensives together with lipid‐lowering drugs were the most common for DRESS and lichenoid eruption, respectively. Subgroup analysis among HIV patients showed a 61.5% positive patch test. The median CD4 count in the positive group was 43.5 cells/mm3.

Conclusion

We recommend drug patch testing as a safe method to identify the culprit drug in CADRs, especially DRESS, MP, and FDE. In HIV patients, the positive test was associated with low CD4 count and copositive reaction.
Effect of extraction type on the fatty acids profile and physicochemical properties of biolipids from Astrocaryum vulgare pulp: supercritical CO2 versus n‐hexane extractions
Authors: dos Santos Orquídea Vasconcelos , Pinaffi‐Langley Ana Clara da C. , Ferreira Maria Caroline Rodrigues , de Souza Amanda Larissa Garça , Carvalho‐Junior Raul Nunes , Teixeira‐Costa Barbara Elisabeth
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effects of two, conventional and green, extraction techniques on the nutritional, bioactive and physicochemical properties of oils from Astrocaryum vulgare pulp. It is an Amazonian oilseed named tucumã, known by their oily nature and bioactive properties. n‐Hexane (N‐HE) and supercritical CO2 (SFE‐CO2) were used as extraction solvents. Higher oil yield, 39.63%, was achieved using N‐HE then SFE‐CO2, 36.75%. The SFE‐CO2 oil presented low acidity and peroxide content, 0.9 mg KOHg−1 and 1.1 mEq kg−1, while the N‐HE presented 3.25 mg KOH g−1 and 2.4 mEq kg−1, respectively (P < 0.05). The SFE‐CO2 oil exhibited greater content of linoleic (~42.3%) and oleic acids (~32.6%) (P < 0.05) and higher β‐carotenes, up to 1100 μg 100 g−1, while the N‐HE oil had ~877 μg 100 g−1. SFE‐CO2 had positive effect on the physicochemical and nutritional properties of A. vulgare pulp oil, which was statistically confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA).

Practical applications

The application of green techniques based on supercritical CO2 fluid extraction to obtain biolipids from A. vulgare pulp with greater nutritional quality contributes to its potential utilisation as a functional ingredient in foods.
H1N1 G4 swine influenza T cell epitope analysis in swine and human vaccines and circulating strains uncovers potential risk to swine and humans
Authors: Tan Swan , Moise Lenny , Pearce Douglas S. , Kyriakis Constantinos S. , Gutiérrez Andres H. , Ross Ted M. , Bahl Justin , De Groot Anne S.
Published: October 2022

Background

Pandemic influenza viruses may emerge from animal reservoirs and spread among humans in the absence of cross‐reactive antibodies in the human population. Immune response to highly conserved T cell epitopes in vaccines may still reduce morbidity and limit the spread of the new virus even when cross‐protective antibody responses are lacking.

Methods

We used an established epitope content prediction and comparison tool, Epitope Content Comparison (EpiCC), to assess the potential for emergent H1N1 G4 swine influenza A virus (G4) to impact swine and human populations. We identified and computed the total cross‐conserved T cell epitope content in HA sequences of human seasonal and experimental influenza vaccines, swine influenza vaccines from Europe and the United States (US) against G4.

Results

The overall T cell epitope content of US commercial swine vaccines was poorly conserved with G4, with an average T cell epitope coverage of 35.7%. EpiCC scores for the comparison between current human influenza vaccines and circulating human influenza strains were also very low. In contrast, the T cell epitope coverage of a recent European swine influenza vaccine (HL03) was 65.8% against G4.

Conclusions

Poor T cell epitope cross‐conservation between emergent G4 and swine and human influenza vaccines in the US may enable G4 to spread in swine and spillover to human populations in the absence of protective antibody response. One European influenza vaccine, HL03, may protect against emergent G4. This study illustrates the use of the EpiCC tool for prospective assessment of existing vaccine strains against emergent viruses in swine and human populations.
Teacher–Artist Partnership Framework Within School Makerspaces to Foster Students’ Creativity
Authors: Santos Ieda M. , Menano Luisa , Habak Claudine
Published: October 2022

Creativity is a fundamental skill to prepare individuals to work and live in a changing world. Educators have recognised its value and advocate that schools can provide an environment for fostering the creative thinking skills of students. Makerspaces are emerging in school contexts, and they carry great opportunities for engaging students in creative thinking processes. The school makerspace also offers a professional learning space for teachers and artists to collaborate to support students’ creative potential through making activities linked to the curriculum. This paper proposes a teacher–artist partnership framework within the makerspace to support mutual professional growth and opportunities to foster a learning environment conducive to creative expressions. The framework consists of three non‐linear and iterative processes, namely (a) developing craft knowledge, (b) co‐constructing knowledge, and (c) reflection and researching, supported by a community of practice and internal and external communities. Expected outcomes from the partnership for students, teachers and artists, and recommendations are discussed.
A systematic review on the use of action research methods in mental health nursing care
Authors: Moreno‐Poyato Antonio R. , Subias‐Miquel Martí , Tolosa‐Merlos Diana , Ventosa‐Ruiz Ana , Pérez‐Toribio Alonso , EL Abidi Kadhija , Navarro‐Maldonado Raquel , Suárez‐Pérez Raquel , Valera‐Fernández Rosario , Romeu‐Labayen Maria , Lluch‐Canut Teresa , Roldán‐Merino Juan , Puig‐Llobet Montserrat
Published: October 2022

Aims

To identify and synthesize evidence on the use of action research methods in mental health nursing care.

Design

Systematic review.

Data Sources

CINAHL, Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus databases were searched in January 2021.

Review Methods

Data were selected using the updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis framework. Two reviewers independently conducted the study selection, and quality appraisal using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research, data extraction and data analysis procedures.

Results

Sixteen studies, half of which used participatory action research, were included in this review. Nurses, along with other stakeholders, were an active part of the action research process. The main topics of interest addressed were categorized as improving the adoption of a person‐centred approach to care and improving decision‐making procedures. The use of action research helped the participants to identify the meaning they attached to the topic of interest to be improved. Moreover, this method helped to identify needs and strategies for improving care. The studies concurred that the use of action research enabled participants to gain awareness, improve attitudes and acquire knowledge. In addition, it enabled participants to gain confidence and security in the group context, as key aspects of their empowerment.

Conclusion

This review shows the usefulness of action research in any mental health nursing context, contributing to the improvement of care at both the individual and collective levels.

Impact

This paper demonstrates the use of the action research method in the field of mental health nursing. Its use has improved the clinical practice of nurses as well as that of teams in both community and hospital settings, addressing issues of the person‐centred approach to care and decision‐making procedures.
‘I'm still young… it doesn't matter’ – A qualitative study on the neglect of prodromal myocardial infarction symptoms among young‐ and middle‐aged adults
Authors: Yu Hong‐yu , Liu An‐kang , Qiu Wei‐yu , Su Jin , Zhou Xin‐yi , Gong Ni , Yang Qiao‐hong
Published: October 2022

Aim

To explore why young‐ and middle‐aged adults ignore prodromal myocardial infarction symptoms from a life course and sociocultural perspective.

Design

A qualitative descriptive study.

Methods

We applied purposeful sampling to recruit participants from a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou from July to November 2021. Face‐to‐face interviews were performed. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis methods.

Results

Twenty‐four young‐ and middle‐aged adults diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction participated in this study. Analysis revealed three main themes: I'm still young, it will not happen to me; to be somebody and different roles, multiple pressures. Age‐related self‐confidence led to inappropriate perceptions and responses to prodromal symptoms among young‐ and middle‐aged adults. These individuals strived to align their behaviours and attention with social expectations and self‐expectations, underestimating the importance of perceiving the warning signs of acute myocardial infarction and seeking medical treatment. Pressure from social roles also prevented them from paying enough attention to prodromal symptoms.

Conclusion

Targeted social support, public education and technologies should be provided to these individuals since they are pillars of the family and society. We also highlight how nurses can function these strategies appropriately.

Impacts

This study contributes to a better understanding of the neglect of prodromal symptoms among young‐ and middle‐aged adults. Its results enhance our understanding of the perception of and coping with prodromal symptoms among this population, which will help avoid the burden caused by acute myocardial infarction.

Patient or Public Contribution

The patients involved in our study shared their experiences and insights to provide new perspectives regarding the neglect of prodromal myocardial infarction symptoms among young‐ and middle‐aged adults.
In vivo tissue temperature during lesion size index‐guided 50W ablation versus 30W ablation: A porcine study
Authors: Otsuka Naoto , Okumura Yasuo , Kuorkawa Sayaka , Nagashima Koichi , Wakamatsu Yuji , Hayashida Satoshi , Ohkubo Kimie , Nakai Toshiko , Hao Hiroyuki , Takahashi Rie , Taniguchi Yoshiki
Published: October 2022

Background

Neither the actual in vivo tissue temperatures reached with lesion size index (LSI)‐guided high‐power short‐duration (HPSD) ablation for atrial fibrillation nor the safety profile has been elucidated.

Methods

We conducted a porcine study (n = 7) in which, after right thoracotomy, we implanted 6–8 thermocouples epicardially in the superior vena cava, right pulmonary vein, and esophagus close to the inferior vena cava. We compared tissue temperatures reached during 50 W‐HPSD ablation with those reached during standard (30 W) ablation, both targeting an LSI of 5.0 (5–15 g contact force).

Results

Tmax (maximum tissue temperature when the thermocouple was located ≤5 mm from the catheter tip) reached during HPSD ablation was modestly higher than that reached during standard ablation (58.0 ± 10.1°C vs. 53.6 ± 9.2°C; p = .14) and peak tissue temperature correlated inversely with the distance between the catheter tip and the thermocouple, regardless of the power settings (HPSD: r = −0.63; standard: r = −0.66). Lethal temperature (≥50°C) reached 6.3 ± 1.8 s and 16.9 ± 16.1 s after the start of HPSD and standard ablation, respectively (p = .002), and it was best predicted at a catheter tip‐to‐thermocouple distance cut point of 2.8 and 5.3 mm, respectively. All lesions produced by HPSD ablation and by standard ablation were transmural. There was no difference between HPSD ablation and standard ablation in the esophageal injury rate (70% vs. 75%, p = .81), but the maximum distance from the esophageal adventitia to the injury site tended to be shorter (0.94 ± 0.29 mm vs. 1.40 ± 0.57 mm, respectively; p = .09).

Conclusions

Actual tissue temperatures reached with LSI‐guided HPSD ablation appear to be modestly higher, with a shorter distance between the catheter tip and thermocouple achieving lethal temperature, than those reached with standard ablation. HPSD ablation lasting <6 s may help minimize lethal thermal injury to the esophagus lying at a close distance.
Modulation of the activity of histone lysine methyltransferases and demethylases by curcumin analog in leukaemia cells
Authors: Sawesi Suhila , Malkaram Sridhar A. , Abd Elmageed Zakaria Y. , Fandy Tamer E.
Published: October 2022

Curcumin is a known epigenetic modifier that demonstrated antitumor effect in different types of cancer. The poor solubility and metabolic stability are major drawbacks that limit its development as an antitumor agent. Dimethoxycurcumin (DMC) is a more soluble and stable curcumin analog. In this study, we compared the effect of both drugs on a variety of histone posttranslational modifications and on the activity of histone lysine methyltransferase (HKMTs) and demethylase (HKDMTs) enzymes that target the H3K4, H3K9 and H3K27 epigenetic marks. Mass spectrometry was used to quantitate the changes in 95 histone posttranslational modifications induced by curcumin or DMC. The effect of both drugs on the enzymatic activity of HKMTs and HKDMs was measured using an antibody‐based assay. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that curcumin and DMC modulated several histone modifications. Histone changes were not limited to lysine methylation and acetylation but included arginine and glutamine methylation. Only few histone modifications were similarly changed by both drugs. On the contrary, the effect of both drugs on the activity of HKMTs and HKDMs was very similar. Curcumin and DMC inhibited the HKMTs enzymes that target the H3K4, H3K9 and H3K27 marks and increased the activity of the HKDMs enzymes LSD1, JARID and JMJD2. In conclusion, we identified novel enzymatic targets for both curcumin and DMC that support their use and development as epigenetic modifiers in cancer treatment. The multiple targets modulated by both drugs could provide a therapeutic advantage by overcoming drug resistance development.