bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heidegger y lo insondable del pensar
Authors: Chillón Lorenzo José Manuel
Published: August 2018

En este artículo propongo denominar insondable al concepto de pensar en Heidegger para referirme tanto al pensar como acontecimiento, como a aquello a lo que se refiere el pensar. Se trata, por una parte, del pensar pensante, reflexionante, meditativo que se da precisamente en el tránsito que va de una metafísica de la representación al pensamiento que ha de pensar la verdad del ser. Pero lo insondable hace referencia también al qué del pensar, al misterio del ser que es siempre el misterio de una donación abierta que no se deja encapsular en el férreo dogmatismo de ningún sistema. Lo primero nos sitúa ante el final de la filosofía tal y como ha sido concebida hasta ahora. Lo segundo, ante el inicio de un pensar auténtico del ser que, en nuestra opinión, es a la vez contemplativo y crítico y a la vez que posibilita renovar la relación del hombre con el mundo, con lo ente, marcada por la serenidad consecuente con el cuidado.
La visibilidad del mundo y la invisibilidad del alma. Estructura fenomenológica del mirar humano
Authors: Tirado San Juan Víctor Manuel
Published: August 2018

El ensayo trata de mostrar la necesidad de postular una realidad espiritual en el hombre (invisible) como condición de posibilidad de la visibilidad del mundo. Para ello utiliza el método fenomenológico. Se describe la estructura de la percepción sensible humana. Esta descripción muestra en primer lugar la estructura del mundo (primera distancia). En segundo lugar muestra la importancia del cuerpo como elemento fronterizo entre el alma y el mundo y como órgano a través del cual el alma estructura el mundo. Es la segunda distancia: la distancia entre el cuerpo y el mundo. Pero, en tercer lugar, la descripción muestra que, por muy íntimamente que el alma interpenetre el cuerpo y requiera de él para conocer el mundo, el alma no es el cuerpo. Es la tercera distancia o distancia primordial entre el alma y todo lo demás (incluido el propio cuerpo).
Quintín Racionero Carmona en el marco de la filosofía española actual
Authors: Calvo Tomás
Published: August 2018

Quintín Racionero Carmona en el marco de la filosofía española actual
EU, ESTUDANTE DE ENFERMAGEM E ENFERMEIRA: UMA NARRATIVA AUTOBIOGRÁFICA SOBRE FORMAÇÃO, PRÁTICA PROFISSIONAL E DOCÊNCIA NA PERSPECTIVA FREIREANA
Authors: Mattia Bianca Joana , Kleba Maria Elisabeth , Dickmann Ivo
Published: August 2018

Resumo: A narrativa possibilita descrever como as escolhas, feitas ao longo de minha trajetória pessoal, acadêmica e profissional, tiveram influência na construção do ser enfermeira docente, possibilitando o exercício de reflexão da construção de minha identidade profissional. A formação no Curso de Enfermagem da Unochapecó foi baseada nos eixos do Pró-Saúde, que é ancorada nos pressupostos freireanos, utilizando principalmente a problematização e o desenvolvimento da autonomia dos sujeitos no processo ensino-aprendizagem. A experiência da formação teve influências relevantes nas escolhas e caminhos percorridos na prática profissional e no meio acadêmico, gerando oportunidades de aprendizado e comprometimento com a construção do SUS.
DESAFIOS DA EDUCAÇÃO: RELAÇÕES DE GÊNERO E SUJEITOS LGBT
Authors: Vigano Samira De Moraes Maia , Laffin Maria Hermínia Lage Fernandes
Published: August 2018

No presente artigo desenvolve-se um debate de gênero e educação a partir da análise do tema da violência, com vistas a compreender a singularidade e a funcionalidade do espaço escolar na experiência de vida de sujeitos LGBT, especialmente referente ao exercício da cidadania e da garantia do direito humano à educação. Ainda, reflete-se sobre os desafios da educação e do currículo sob a perspectiva das relações de gênero e sexualidade de pessoas LGBT. Respalda-se teoricamente em Butler, Bourdieu, Foucault, Giroux, Laffin, Louro, Miskolci, Scott e Silva. Como resultado do estudo aponta-se para as invisibilidades vivenciadas pelos sujeitos, em possibilidades para um diálogo que vise à inclusão, o respeito e a permanência nos espaços escolares.
A EDUCAÇÃO FEMININA NA FRONTEIRA DA AMAZÔNIA: ESCOLAS PARA AS MULHERES NO EX-TERRITÓRIO FEDERAL DO AMAPÁ (1949-1964)
Authors: OLIVEIRA TATIANA PANTOJA , FERREIRA NORMA IRACEMA DE BARROS
Published: August 2018

O presente trabalho contextualiza o debate sobre a educação feminina no Brasil e no Amapá, conjugando a pesquisa bibliográfica e a empírica, utilizando metodologia da História Oral, em análise às entrevistas semi-estruturadas, concedidas por 9 ex-alunas da Escola Doméstica de Macapá, além dos relatos da 10ª egressa, condensados em uma autobiografia. Apresenta um dos resultados da dissertação de mestrado “público/confessional, cultura escolar e formação de habitus: a Escola Doméstica de Macapá/AP (1951-1964)”, versando sobre a incorporação de habitus por meio da cultura escolar da referida escola. O embasamento teórico reveste-se do conceito de habitus, de Pierre Bourdieu, e de cultura escolar, de Dominique Julia.
O TRATAMENTO DAS COLLOCATIONS EM DICIONÁRIOS BILÍNGUES PORTUGUÊS – INGLÊS PARA APRENDIZES BRASILEIROS
Authors: DAMADA Gabrieli
Published: August 2018

Este estudo tem como tema o tratamento das collocations em dicionários bilíngues português-inglês para estudantes brasileiros. O objetivo principal é analisar e comparar o como ocorre o registro das colocações na microestrutura dos dicionários analisados. O corpus é composto por unidades formadas a partir do campo semântico "frutas" presentes nos dicionários Oxford (2009) e Longman (2008). Para a realização da análise utilizamos como referencial teórico obras que versam sobre lexicografia bilíngue e a estrutura do dicionário, em particular, Carvalho (2001); Fuentes Morán (1997) e Nadin (2009).  A partir deste estudo procuramos responder a questões relacionadas ao uso do dicionário como instrumento de ampliação vocabular, apresentando o como as unidades léxicas escolhidas aparecem nos dicionários analisados e se esses auxiliam o usuário na busca pela palavra. Os resultados mostraram que nem sempre a estrutura do dicionário colabora na busca das colocações e que o conhecimento de mundo do usuário é importante.
CIÊNCIAS COGNITIVAS: INTERFACES ENTRE SEMIÓTICA COGNITIVA E SINTAXE GERATIVA
Authors: XAVIER Gláucia Do Carmo
Published: August 2018

Ciências Cognitivas são várias. Cada uma, com suas características e especificações, aborda fenômenos mentais relacionados ao conhecimento, com foco direcionado à aprendizagem, atenção, aquisição de linguagem, memória, emoção, inatismo, competências e usos, além de outras abordagens. Este artigo enfoca duas ciências Cognitivas: a Semiótica Cognitiva e a Sintaxe Gerativa. O objetivo é trazer os principais pressupostos de cada uma delas comparando-as, em relação às suas semelhanças e diferenças, fazendo assim, um paralelo entre elas, tendo como público alvo pesquisadores e estudantes com interesse em conhecer essas duas teorias. Para isso, o presente texto explicita os vieses tanto da Semiótica Cognitiva, quanto da Sintaxe Gerativa, além de trazer seus principais autores e pesquisadores
"GUERRA É PAZ" : AS IMPLICAÇÕES DA LINGUAGEM OPERACIONALIZADA NO PROCESSO DE ESCLARECIMENTO DOS INDIVÍDUOS
Authors: SOUSA Stéfany Rodrigues
Published: August 2018

Partindo da perspectiva frankfurtiana, especialmente alicerçada em Marcusi, este artigo visa refletir sobre o fechamento do universo da locução e suas consequências linguísticas e sociais na formação dos indivíduos e no processo de esclarecimento. Como problemáticas decorrentes desse processo, destacam-se a dissipação das contradições do campo comunicativo, a harmonização de termos opostos, a compactação da arte, a transformação do nome do objeto em função deste, o fetichismo linguístico e a supressão da história. Ao fim, nota-se a rememoração da história como passo inicial de rompimento com a linguagem operacional que transforma seus usuários em indivíduos também operacionais e de pensamento obscurecido.
TRANSFORMAÇÕES IDENTITÁRIAS E APRENDIZAGENS DE LÍNGUA ADICIONAL NO INTERCÂMBIO ACADÊMICO
Authors: ROMERO Tania Regina de Souza , VIEIRA Naiara De Paiva
Published: August 2018

Este artigo, vinculado ao projeto de pesquisa Linguagem na Constituição do Educador, desenvolvido na UFLA, discute transformações identitárias e aprendizagem de língua adicional como efeito de uma experiência de intercâmbio no Uruguai. Os dados, provenientes de narrativas em questionário escrito e entrevista oral, são analisados a partir da perspectiva teórica de identidade (Hall, 2005; Bauman, 2005; Silva, 2000; Block, 2007), a relação cultura e linguagem (Tilio; 2007; Kramsch, 1998) e aprendizagem de línguas adicionais (Lightbown e Spada, 1993) e (Lantolf e Thorne, 2006). Destaca-se que essa experiência modificou perspectivas para futura atuação profissional, trazendo novos posicionamentos ante a sociedade, bem como identificando estratégias que facilitam a aprendizagem de língua adicional em contexto natural.
O CONTO NA ESCOLA SOB A PERSPECTIVA DA PEDAGOGIA DE GÊNEROS: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DIDÁTICA BASEADA NA LINGUÍSTICA SISTÊMICO-FUNCIONAL
Authors: NASCIMENTO Karine Silva do , SILVA BARBOSA Maria Do Rosário da , BOTELHO Amara Cristina Botelho da Silva
Published: August 2018

No Brasil, o hábito de ler ainda é uma realidade precária no Ensino Fundamental, evidenciada em avaliações realizadas, nos últimos anos, pela a educação brasileira. Com objetivo de despertar uma prática significativa de leitura e de escrita no Ensino Fundamental, este estudo traz uma reflexão de um ciclo de ensino baseado na leitura de diferentes gêneros de textos, destacando a leitura de conto literário. E descreve, sobretudo, uma experiência de ciclo de ensino-aprendizagem, seguindo os princípios teóricos e práticos da pedagogia de gêneros (ROSE; MARTIN, 2012), fundamentada na Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional, proposta por Halliday (1994). Para tanto, propôs-se a leitura de diversos contos ao longo do desenvolvimento do ciclo, com foco na leitura do conto “Luciana” de Graciliano Ramos, que tematiza a desobediência. Os resultados demonstram que um ciclo de ensino é capaz de promover a formação do leitor e do escritor critico, além disso a organização do texto pode contribuir para produção de narrativas na escola, seja conto ou outros gêneros narrativos.
DOCÊNCIA E INCLUSÃO: O BRAILLE VIRTUAL COMO FERRAMENTA NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: MEDRADO Betânia Passos , DANTAS Rosycléa
Published: August 2018

Diante da inclusão de alunos com deficiência nas escolas regulares, uma formação docente na perspectiva da inclusão educacional (MEDRADO, 2014; TONELLI, 2015; CRISTOVÃO; RETORTA, 2017) se apresenta como necessidade urgente por parte de professores, os quais argumentam que ainda não estão preparados para trabalhar com esses alunos. No contexto dessa discussão, e tomando por base as noções de artefato/ferramenta das Ciências do Trabalho (CLOT, 2006; AMIGUES, 2004), assim como a perspectiva auto-heteroecoformadora (PINEAU, 1988; FREIRE e LEFFA, 2013), objetivamos discutir a relevância de uma ferramenta tecnológica – o Braille Virtual - como um caminho para a (re/co)construção das práticas pedagógicas em salas de aulas inclusivas. Para tanto, analisamos as vozes de professores que, ao serem apresentados ao Braille Virtual, avaliam como o acesso à ferramenta serviu para a criação de um espaço de acessibilidade formativa, possibilitando ressignificação do trabalho docente na perspectiva da inclusão de alunos com deficiência visual.
Predicción de deserción y éxito en estudiantes. Caso de estudio: ingeniería agroindustrial de la UNI Norte, Nicaragua, 2011-2015
Authors: Dicovskiy Riobóo L. M. , Pedroza Pacheco M. E.
Published: August 2018

Se hizo uso de estadística univariada y multivariada, para buscar patrones de rendimiento académico, que permitieran de forma temprana predecir la deserción y el éxito, al final de la carrera, en 7 generaciones de estudiantes universitarios de ingeniería agroindustrial en la UNI sede Norte, Nicaragua. Por medio del análisis discriminante, aplicado a las calificaciones del primer semestre de primer año de la carrera, se pudo clasificar los estudiantes que llegan a quinto año de forma exitosa o no, con un alto nivel de acierto, 79%. Las matemáticas en primer lugar y luego las químicas fueron las asignaturas de mayor peso para predecir el éxito o fracaso final en la carrera.
Linguistic Features of Pidgin in Stand-Up Comedy in Nigeria
Authors: Adetuyi C. A. , Jegede O. O. , Adeniran A. A.
Published: August 2018

This study is aimed at looking at how comedians are able to create humour through the use of Pidgin in stand-up comedies. It has been observed Pidgin creates a kind of relaxed environment when it is being used in a social setting because of its informal and non-restrictive nature. This study was carried out by identifying and categorizing the features of Pidgin in selected Nigerian comedy shows, interpreting the contents expressed by the features, and by relating the contents to the humorous opinions as expressed in the comedy shows. The data (five Nigerian stand-up comedy videos where Pidgin was adopted) for this research were downloaded on YouTube channel on the Internet and analysed using Halliday’s Systemic Functional linguistics (particularly the interpersonal metafunction). This was done to reveal how language reflects social relationship between the comedian and his audience and how this language expresses humour. The analysis revealed that pidgin is an informal language, and so its informality creates an equal social relationship in an informal setting which aids laughter. Comedians are able to express humour in Pidgin because it is a no man’s native language, and as such, they could use it creatively to achieve their aim - humour. The unserious and informal nature of the language and its method of presentation make their stories humorous. In conclusion, this study offers sociolinguists and discourse analysts an insight into a field that has not been maximally explored.
Peroneal Tendon Tears: We Should Consider Looking at the Muscle Instead
Authors: Res Lodewijk C. S. , Dixon Tonya , Lubberts Bart , Vicentini Joao R. T. , van Dijk Pim A. , Hosseini Ali , Guss Daniel , DiGiovanni Christopher W.
Published: August 2018

Introduction:

The purpose of this study was to determine whether tears of the peroneus brevis (PB) tendon correlate with increased fatty infiltration of the PB muscle on MRI compared with musculature without clinical evidence of peroneal pathology.

Methods:

Ankle MRI scans of patients with PB tendon tearing (tear group) were compared with those of patients without clinical evidence of peroneal pathology (control group). Two reviewers graded the PB muscle belly according to the Goutallier classification.

Results:

Thirty patients were included in each group. The mean Goutallier scores for the tear and control groups were 0.52 (±0.72) and 0.05 (±0.15), respectively (P= 0.0019). The level of interobserver agreement between reviewers was moderate (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.57 to 0.85).

Discussion:

Patients with PB tendon tear demonstrate markedly higher grades of fatty degeneration compared with patients without peroneal pathology. The Goutallier classification may become a valuable instrument for assessing the severity of a PB tear.

Level of Evidence:

Level III—diagnostic study
‘Als je echt verkracht bent, doe je morgen aangifte’
Authors: Mulder Eva , Bosma Alice
Published: August 2018

‘If you were really raped, you’d report tomorrow’: reactions to a non-stereotypical #MeToo case

#MeToo has played a significant role in the struggle to confront taboos around sexual violence, including the acknowledgment of male rape victims. In this article, the authors have examined reactions at three different moments in time (T1, T2, T3) to Dutch journalist Jelle Brandt Corstius, who shared his #MeToo experience via Twitter. The article shows that the Belief in a Just World, victim stereotypes and rape myths seem particularly useful concepts to examine different positive (supporting, compensating) and negative (blaming, distancing) observer reactions. Reactions are most negative at T2, when JBC’s case least adheres to stereotypes and rape scripts.
Collectief leren van professionals zorg en strafrecht
Authors: Dijkstra Sietske
Published: August 2018

Professionals in care and criminal justice cross boundaries for values-based cooperation to treat domestic violence

This article concerns an experiment involving three learning communities of professionals cooperating across institutional boundaries to address domestic violence cases in multiple complementary ways. Providers of social services interacted with law enforcement in a juridical context to achieve an integrated approach. This alliance indicates the potential for values-based Good Work based on safety, professional care, and compassionate treatment. Playing with time and capacity can be a strategy, and each professional can benefit from multiple viewpoints for recognising and anticipating patterns of domestic violence before it (re)occurs.

A lack of funding has suspended embedding this Good Work, slowing progress toward achieving long-term goals and making this interdisciplinary approach to assuring sustainable safety unavailable to prevent repeated outbreaks of domestic violence.
INVESTIGATION OF INTERACTION BETWEEN L-HISTIDINE AND HETEROCYCLIC SUBSTANCES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY UV SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: Badelin Valentin G. , Tarasova Galina N. , Tyunina Elena Yu. , Bichkova Svetlana A.
Published: August 2018

Drug – macromolecular interactions are an important phenomenon in multicomponents physiological media, such as blood, membranes, intra- and extracellular fluids, etc. The investigation of the mechanisms and driving forces for the molecular processes of the complexes formation, drug transport, and their delivery to target-cells is one of the priority tasks of chemistry, biology and pharmacology. It is imperative that one first investigate the properties of model compounds of macromolecules in an aqueous medium before beginning studies of the more complex systems. The features of their behavior essentially determine the biological activity of macromolecules. One of the well recognized approaches to the study of molecular interactions in fluids is the use of spectroscopic methods. As part of the longer term objective to investigate different aspects of interaction processes between model substances of protein and drug precursor, we report the results of spectroscopic investigation of aqueous solutions containing heterocyclic compounds – L-hystidine, nicotinic acid and uracil at fixed pH value. The electronic absorption spectrums of L-histidine were obtained for aqueous solutions with nicotinic acid and uracil at pH = 7.3 and T=296 K by UV spectroscopy. The spectral characteristics of the interaction between L-histidine and nicotinic acid or uracil were determined. The binding constants and the stoichiometry of the complexes were calculated on the basis of the saturation curves. The calculation of the equilibrium mixture of ionic forms of the studied amino acid as a function of the pH of the medium was carried out according to the computer program RRSU. The forms of reagents existence in an aqueous solution with pH = 7.3 have been determined. The specific features of the interactions of histidine with nicotinic acid and uracil were founded. It was shown that the interaction of histidine with uracil leads to the somewhat more stable complex formation than one with nicotinic acid.
INFLUENCE OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE ADDITIVES ON HYDROGENIZATION KINETICS OF 4-NITRO-2'-HYDROXY-5'-METYLAZOBENZENE ON SKELETAL NICKEL IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF 2-PROPANOL
Authors: Hoang Anh , Kalashnikova Vera A. , Lefedova Olga V. , Filippov Dmitriy V.
Published: August 2018

The elucidation of the sequence of transformations in compounds containing several reactive groups and the development of approaches to controlling the selectivity of the processes with their participation is of interest both from the theoretical and practical points of view. The article is devoted to the analysis of the kinetics of hydrogenation of 4-nitro-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene in aqueous solution of 2-propanol with addition of sodium hydroxide on skeletal nickel at different initial amounts of the starting compound. An increase in the initial amount of 4-nitro-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene leads to an increase in the rate of conversion of the nitro group in the starting compound and to a decrease in the rate of conversion of the azo-group. The effect of the introduced sodium hydroxide in the neutral solvent 2-propanol-water on the rate of conversion of the nitro and azo-groups to 4-nitro-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene is consistent with the nature of the rate changes for the hydrogenation of individual compounds containing nitro and azo-groups, in the quality of which 4-nitroaniline and 4-amino-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene were chosen. The results obtained do not contradict the notion of a parallel-sequential scheme of 4-nitro-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene transformations. One of the directions involves the conversion of 4-nitro-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene due to the hydrogenation of the azo-group to 4-nitroaniline and PC, and the second one is the conversion of 4-nitro-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene through 4-amino-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene due to the reduction of the nitro group. By the end of the reaction, all the intermediate compounds are restored to PC and 1,4-phenylenediamine. When sodium hydroxide is introduced into the neutral solvent 2-propanol-water, the effect of the direction providing the formation of 4-amino-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene to the overall reaction rate increases. It was experimentally established that the amount of 4-amino-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene during the hydrogenation of 4-nitro-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene in the presence of sodium hydroxide increases by 15%, on the contrary, the amount of 4-nitroaniline decreases by 4 % in comparison with the neutral solvent.
ABOUT ONE APPROACH TO CALCULATION OF PARAMETERS OF HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH WALL IN PRESENCE OF CONDENSING VAPOR
Authors: Moshinskiy Aleksandr I. , Ganin Pavel G. , Markova Alla V. , Rubtsova Larisa N. , Sorokin Vladislav V.
Published: August 2018

The article is dedicated to the study of heat exchangers operation. The main goal of the work was to improve a standard method for calculating a typical heat exchanger based on dependencies approved in engineering practice. The noted technique is presented in educational literature for chemical engineers and it is included in the educational process for the training of engineers. On the basis of practical recommendations stated in literature the working formulas of the process are taken in approximate form. Further, a correction is calculated, which, as calculations show, leads (together with the initial approximation) to an almost exact satisfaction of the initial equations. It is expedient because traditional equations of a heat transfer have not really high precision, which is determined by the processing of numerous experiments. These experiments are rather rough. It is reasonable that the accuracy of the analysis has to be consistent with the model accuracy. This factor justifies the need to simplify the models (use of various recommendations based on the experience of equipment operation, etc.). At the same time, it is desirable to simplify the mathematical model equation so that it is possible to calculate the corrections, i.e. to clarify the solution. We clarify the equation solution meaning more and more exact satisfaction with the initial equation of the mathematical model. In this direction, various variants of perturbation methods can be used. The search for analytical solutions is complicated by the fact that the equations of the mathematical model of energy transfer in a heat exchanger are nonlinear. The three-layer heat transfer problem in a stationary mode is considered.  The first layer is the space of the heat exchanger where a phase transition (first heat transfer agent vapor condensation) occurs. The second layer is the space of the heat exchanger where convective movement of the second heat transfer agent takes place without phase transition. The third layer is a wall separating the heat transfer agent providing some resistance to the heat transfer process. As a result of the simplified model analysis, it became possible to obtain an analytical solution to the problem with such accuracy that the calculated correction turned out to be insignificant i.e. the correction is not appropriate to take into account. The solution found was almost exactly approximated by a simple analytic dependence.
Harold (Mitch) Mitchell’s role in the demise of Blanche Dubois in A Streetcar Named Desire
Authors: Lund Marie
Published: August 2018

In Tennessee Williams’ play A Streetcar Named Desire, Stanley Kowalski has often been seen as the main reason why Blanche DuBois mentally falls apart at the end of the play. This is emphasized by the fact that he rapes her and that she subsequently is committed to a mental institution. However, I find that the role of Harold (Mitch) Mitchell thereby is downplayed and underestimated. This article argues that he in fact is the real cause of Blanche’s psychological downfall. Critics such as Judith J. Thompson refer to Mitch as elevated to the romanticized ideal of Allan Grey, Blanche's late husband. Blanche sees a potential new husband in Mitch, and when she realizes that he knows about her troubled past, she mentally collapses. While Stanley’s final act certainly is cruel and devastating, Mitch’s rejection of Blanche is what essentially sets off her final madness.
Experimental Analysis of the Accessibility of Drawings with Few Segments
Authors: Kindermann Philipp , Meulemans Wouter , Schulz André
Published: August 2018

The visual complexity of a graph drawing is defined as
the number of geometric objects needed to represent all its edges.
In particular, one object may represent multiple edges, e.g., one needs
only one line segment to draw two collinear incident edges.
We investigate whether drawings with few segments have a better aesthetic appeal and help the user
to assess the underlying graph.
We design a user study that investigates two different graph types
(trees and sparse graphs), three different layout algorithms for trees, and
two different layout algorithms for sparse graphs. We asked the participants to
give an aesthetic ranking on the layouts and to perform a furthest-pair or shortest-path task on the
drawings.
Self‐Assembled Fluorescent Organic Nanomaterials for Biomedical Imaging
Authors: Zhang Kuo , Gao Yu‐Juan , Yang Pei‐Pei , Qi Guo‐Bin , Zhang Jing‐Ping , Wang Lei , Wang Hao
Published: August 2018

Fluorescent nanomaterials, self‐assembled from building blocks through multiple intermolecular interactions show diversified structures and functionalities, and are potential fluorescence contrast agents/probes for high‐performance biomedical imaging. Self‐assembled nanomaterials exhibit high stability, long circulation time, and targeted biological distribution. This review summarizes recent advances of self‐assembled nanomaterials as fluorescence contrast agents/probes for biomedical imaging. The self‐assembled nanomaterials are classified into two groups, i.e., ex situ and in situ construction of self‐assembled nanomaterials. The advantages of ex situ as well as in situ constructed nanomaterials for biomedical applications are discussed thoroughly. The directions of future developments for self‐assembled nanomaterials are provided.
Efficient Photoacoustic Conversion in Optical Nanomaterials and Composites
Authors: Lee Taehwa , Baac Hyoung Won , Li Qiaochu , Guo L. Jay
Published: August 2018

Photoacoustic pulses generated by pulsed laser irradiation have the characteristics of high frequency and wide bandwidth, which are desirable for imaging and sensing. Efficient photoacoustic composites have been developed for fabricating photoacoustic transmitters capable of generating high‐amplitude ultrasound. Here, recent advances in photoacoustic transmitters are reviewed from an application perspective, starting with the fundamental aspects of photoacoustic generation. The topics discussed include various composite materials for photoacoustic generation, and their applications such as high‐amplitude therapy, imaging and sensing, and photoacoustic waveform control.
Advances in Functional Solution Processed Planar 1D Photonic Crystals
Authors: Lova Paola , Manfredi Giovanni , Comoretto Davide
Published: August 2018

An overview on the properties and applications of polymer and inorganic planar 1D photonic crystals fabricated from solution is provided here. In the last decades, photonic crystals became technologically relevant for light management, photovoltaics, sensing, and lasing. Such structures are traditionally produced by lithographic and vacuum techniques, but the need to reduce costs and to scale‐up the fabrication have lead the research toward new materials, simplified structures, and low‐cost mass scale growth processes. In this regard, polymer and inorganic mesoporous distributed Bragg reflectors fabricated from solution attracted considerable technological interest. This review focuses on the properties of such structures, concentrating on state‐of‐the‐art fabrication and applications.
Expedient Synthesis of 1,4‐Benzodiazepines via a Tandem Condensation/[1,5]‐Hydride Transfer/Cyclization Process
Authors: Liu Siyuan , Zhao Tuan , Qu Jingping , Wang Baomin
Published: August 2018

An expedient approach to 1,4‐benzodiazepines via a tandem condensation/[1,5]‐hydride shift/cyclization process has been developed. This transformation started from readily available o‐amino benzaldehyde and aminomalonate and was promoted by low‐cost FeCl3 with high step and atom economy.

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Alteration of Chain Length Selectivity of Candida antarctica Lipase A by Semi‐Rational Design for the Enrichment of Erucic and Gondoic Fatty Acids
Authors: Zorn Katja , Oroz‐Guinea Isabel , Brundiek Henrike , Dörr Mark , Bornscheuer Uwe T.
Published: August 2018

Biotechnological strategies using renewable materials as starting substrates are a promising alternative to traditional oleochemical processes for the isolation of different fatty acids. Among them, long chain mono‐unsaturated fatty acids are especially interesting in industrial lipid modification, since they are precursors of several economically relevant products, including detergents, plastics and lubricants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an enzymatic method in order to increase the percentage of long chain mono‐unsaturated fatty acids from Camelina and Crambe oil ethyl ester derivatives, by using selective lipases. Specifically, the focus was on the enrichment of gondoic (C20:1 cisΔ11) and erucic acid (C22:1 cisΔ13) from Camelina and Crambe oil derivatives, respectively. The pursuit of this goal entailed several steps, including: (i) the choice of a suitable lipase scaffold to serve as a protein engineering template (Candida antarctica lipase A); (ii) the identification of potential amino acid targets to disrupt the binding tunnel at the adequate location; (iii) the design, creation and high‐throughput screening of lipase mutant libraries; (iv) the study of the selectivity towards different chain length p‐nitrophenyl fatty acid esters of the best hits found, as well as the analysis of the contribution of each amino acid change and the outcome of combining several of the aforementioned residue alterations and, finally, (v) the selection and application of the most promising candidates for the fatty acid enrichment biocatalysis. As a result, enrichment of C22:1 from Crambe ethyl esters was achieved either, in the free fatty acid fraction (wt, 78%) or in the esterified fraction (variants V1, 77%; V9, 78% and V19, 74%). Concerning the enrichment of C20:1 when Camelina oil ethyl esters were used as substrate, the best variant was the single mutant V290W, which doubled its content in the esterified fraction from approximately 15% to 34%. A moderately lower increase was achieved by V9 and its two derived triple mutant variants V19 and V20 (27%).

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Progress of Cell‐Derived Biomimetic Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Lang Tianqun , Yin Qi , Li Yaping
Published: August 2018

Certain types of cells possess unique characteristics such as tumor homing and prolonged circulation in blood, which are worthy of being exploited in drug delivery carriers for cancer therapy. To improve the delivery efficiency, these cells are integrated with artificial nanocarriers and therapeutic agents to construct biomimetic drug delivery systems. This report provides an overview of recent advances in cell‐derived drug delivery systems for effective cancer treatment. The natural membranes of cells like red blood cells, cancer cells, leukocytes, stem cells, and so on, are extracted and used to form cell membrane–camouflaged nanocarriers, which take advantage of the outstanding biocompatibility and versatile functions of cell membranes. In addition, as an emerging field, biomimetic drug delivery platforms utilizing living cells are also introduced. Finally, the limitations of biomimetic drug delivery systems and the future outlook are discussed and proposed herein.
Coupling brain perfusion screens and next generation sequencing to identify blood–brain barrier binding antibodies
Authors: Stutz Charles C. , Georgieva Julia V. , Shusta Eric V.
Published: August 2018

Antibodies that target the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in vivo are of particular interest for the treatment of neurological diseases. Here, we screened a phage display single‐chain antibody (scFv) library by brain perfusion in an attempt to isolate scFv that target the rat BBB. After four rounds of screening, the resulting antibody pool remained highly complex and discrete clonal sampling did not identify any scFvs capable of binding to the rat BBB. Thus, the heavy chain CDR3 in the resulting pools was subjected to next generation sequencing (NGS), and the resulting data was used to identify 12 scFv clones that were of high abundance and/or enriched from Round 3 to 4, signifying potential hits. Of these, two scFv, denoted scFv 4 and scFv 40, were identified that bound the rat BBB. Neither of these scFvs was identified by discrete sampling, motivating NGS as a tool to identify lead antibodies from complex in vivo screens. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 4229–4236, 2018
Functionalizable 1H‐Indazoles by Palladium Catalyzed Aza‐Nenitzescu Reaction: Pharmacophores to Donor‐Acceptor Type Multi‐Luminescent Fluorophores
Authors: Janardhanan Jith C. , Mishra Rakesh K. , Das Gourab , Sini Suresh , Jayamurthy Purushothaman , Suresh Cherumuttathu H. , Praveen Vakayil K. , Manoj Narayanapillai , Babu Beneesh P.
Published: August 2018

Development of small‐molecule‐based multi‐luminescent fluorophores utilizing simple synthetic methodologies, as well as easily available starting materials, has gained much attention in recent years. Herein, we disclose an efficient protocol for the synthesis of N‐protected 1H‐indazole derivatives with diverse substituents at their 3‐ and 5‐positions via palladium‐catalyzed reactions of hydrazones and p‐benzoquinones. The obtained 1H‐indazole derivatives can be easily modified into donor‐acceptor (D−A)‐type chromophores (Indazo‐Fluors) with tunable emission properties in both solid and solution state. Owing to the extent of intramolecular charge transfer, Indazo‐Fluors exhibit positive solvatochromic emission spanning from blue‐green to orange‐red. Theoretical studies were undertaken to rationalize the observed trends in the optical properties of Indazo‐Fluors. Finally, a triethylene glycol (TEG) appended Indazo‐Fluor exhibiting a large Stokes shift and low cytotoxicity allowed us to use it for cell imaging.
How to perform a sonographic morphological assessment of the fetus at 11–14 weeks of gestation
Authors: Springhall Edward Andrew , Rolnik Daniel Lorber , Reddy Maya , Ganesan Sujatha , Maxfield Maria , Ramkrishna Jayshree , Meagher Simon , Teoh Mark , da Silva Costa Fabricio
Published: August 2018

Introduction

First‐trimester ultrasound is widely accepted as part of standard care in many countries. With improvements in equipment, expertise and increasing number of technical studies describing imaging techniques, the detection rate for major fetal anomalies in the first trimester continues to rise and can be as high as 60% in high‐risk populations.

Methods

We set out to create a systematic pictorial guide for trained ultrasound providers to describe the common anatomical structures that are identifiable in the first trimester with provided images. In addition to normal anatomical structures, a number of anomalies with high detection rates are listed.

Conclusion

A large proportion of the major fetal abnormalities can be detected in the first trimester. A systematic approach is essential to ensure that anomalies are equally likely to be detected for patients of any risk background.
On the Formation of a Conducting Surface Channel by Ionic‐Liquid Gating of an Insulator
Authors: Atesci Hasan , Coneri Francesco , Leeuwenhoek Maarten , Bommer Jouri , Seddon James R. T. , Hilgenkamp Hans , Van Ruitenbeek Jan M.
Published: August 2018

Ionic‐liquid gating has become a popular tool for tuning the charge carrier densities of complex oxides. Among these, the band insulator SrTiO3 is one of the most extensively studied materials. While experiments have succeeded in inducing (super)conductivity, the process by which ionic‐liquid gating turns this insulator into a conductor is still under scrutiny. Recent experiments have suggested an electrochemical rather than electrostatic origin of the induced charge carriers. Here, experiments probing the time evolution of conduction of SrTiO3 near the glass transition temperature of the ionic liquid are reported. By cooling down to temperatures near the glass transition of the ionic liquid, the process develops slowly and can be seen to evolve in time. The experiments reveal a process characterized by waiting times that can be as long as several minutes preceding a sudden appearance of conduction. For the conditions applied in our experiments, a consistent interpretation in terms of an electrostatic mechanism for the formation of a conducting path at the surface of SrTiO3 is found. The mechanism by which the conducting surface channel develops relies on a nearly homogeneous lowering of the surface potential until the conduction band edge of SrTiO3 reaches the Fermi level of the electrodes.
From C1 to C2: TMSCF3 as a Precursor for Pentafluoroethylation
Authors: Xie Qiqiang , Li Lingchun , Zhu Ziyue , Zhang Rongyi , Ni Chuanfa , Hu Jinbo
Published: August 2018

A highly efficient copper‐mediated aromatic pentafluoroethylation method using TMSCF3 as the sole fluoroalkyl source is described. The reaction proceeds by a key C1 to C2 process, that is, the generation of CuCF3 from TMSCF3, followed by a subsequent spontaneous transformation into CuC2F5. Various aryl iodides were pentafluoroethylated with the TMSCF3‐derived CuC2F5. This method represents the first practical and efficient method for pentafluoroethylation of aryl iodides using commercially available TMSCF3 as a pentafluoroethyl precursor.
Polymeric‐hydrogel‐coated iron oxide magnetic particles for efficient solvent dehydration
Authors: Li Shan , Zhu Zhaoqi , Hu Zhilong , Sun Hanxue , Mu Peng , Xiao Chaohu , Liang Weidong , Chen Lihua , Li An
Published: August 2018

In this article, we report the synthesis of crosslinked polyacrylamide‐hydrogel‐coated iron oxide (Fe3O4–PAM) magnetic nanoparticles as a kind of novel and efficient solvent‐dehydrating agent. With the use of commercially available toluene (containing trace water at 168–173 ppm) as a model organic solvent, an excellent dehydration performance of Fe3O4–PAM was observed; trace water as low as 48 ppm was efficiently removed, and this desiccant could compete with respect to the dehydration efficiency with common sodium treatments. To our knowledge, this is the first example of the application of such water‐swollen hydrogel‐coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles for the efficient removal of trace water in solvents. Also, the Fe3O4–PAM magnetic nanoparticles could be easily separated from the solvents after the dehydration treatment; thus, they possess a great advantage over traditional organic solvent dry methods and may find a variety of applications, for example, in oil dehydration and organic solvent drying. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46869.
Shape memory effect of chitosan/glycerol composite film in mixed water/ethanol solution
Authors: Zhang Dawei , Yang Shuai , Zhang Keke , Zhou Guanglin , Jiang Zaixing , Gu Jiyou
Published: August 2018

In this paper, a chitosan (CS)/glycerol (GL) composite film was prepared, and the solution‐responsive feature of the composite film in a mixed water/ethanol solution was investigated. The composite film began to show obvious shape recovery behavior when the water content of the mixed solution was more than 50% v/v. In mixed solutions, when the molar ratio of water molecules and ethanol molecules was more than 2:1, apart from the combination with the ethanol molecules, the residual water molecules could interact with the CS molecules, promoting the formation of hydrogen bonds. The stress stored in CS molecules was released, and the shape memory effect of the composite film was triggered. In addition, the effect of water content in the mixed solutions on the structural, crystal, thermal stability and mechanical properties of the composite film was characterized. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47037.
Synthesis of Bifunctional Catalysts for Metal‐Air Batteries Through Direct Deposition Methods
Authors: Xiong Ming , Ivey Douglas G.
Published: August 2018

Rechargeable metal‐air batteries, such as Li‐air and Zn‐air batteries, have gained renewed interest because of their high theoretical energy density, safety and low cost. The air electrode, with bifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), plays the most important role in determining battery performance. Direct deposition of catalysts on the air electrode, using methods such as electrodeposition, electroless deposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD), is shown to be a viable way to fabricate durable and active catalysts with high efficiency and low cost. This review examines recent research activities which apply direct deposition methods to prepare bifunctional catalysts. The benefits and drawbacks of these methods are compared to provide guidelines for their application.
School‐based support for children with conduct disorders; a qualitative longitudinal study of high‐need families
Authors: Stevens Madeleine
Published: August 2018

Primary school‐aged children with conduct problems are at risk of future antisocial and criminal behaviour, particularly when there are additional family‐level risk factors. However, little is known about how school‐related factors can reduce that risk. This qualitative longitudinal study investigates school‐related influences on changes in the behaviour of at‐risk children in high‐need families over a period of 5 years. Families of 11 children with serious behaviour problems were followed over the transition to secondary school. In‐depth interviews with mothers, and with practitioners who support the child or family, explored school‐related factors which appeared helpful or unhelpful in improving children's behaviour over time.

The analysis found that the disjuncture between the nurture experienced at primary school and a lack of nurture later at secondary school was problematic. Children tended to change primary school until they found one prepared to offer them a high level of nurture and supervision. Consistent relationships with supportive adults were important, but were rare after the transfer to secondary school. Literacy problems remained unrecognised or unaddressed for too long, contributing to children's lack of engagement. Inconsistent disciplinary responses to minor behaviour issues tended to escalate problems and most children were eventually excluded from mainstream education. Communication between parents and school staff was often problematic; parents sometimes experienced school contacts as burdensome, ill‐informed and unsupportive. However, good communication could aid development of successful approaches to supporting children with difficult behaviour.
The Correlation Between Charge and Discharge Current for the Electrochemical Stability and Durability of Electrolyte in a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Kim Donghyeon , Wu Yuhan , Jeon Joonhyeon
Published: August 2018

The object of this paper is to simulate electrochemical performances of V‐electrolyte employed in the VRFB cell when different charge/discharge current densities are given. Experimental results show that increasing charge(or discharge) current for a given discharge (or charge) current leads to the reduction of both voltaic efficiency and charge(or discharge) capacity as compared to the use of same charge/discharge currents, while resulting in coulombic efficiency improvement. In contrast, the decreasing cases provide the improvement of both the voltaic efficiency and the capacity, but there takes place a serious problem of the capacity fading effect as well as the coulombic efficiency reduction. This is because low charge/discharge current densities causes polarization effects and self‐discharges during cyclic operation, resulting in electrochemical instability of electrolyte performance. Consequently, both the charge and discharge current densities have to be employed over 80 mA/cm2 to keep an electrochemical stability of electrolyte.
The feasibility of an augment reality system to study the psychophysiological correlates of fear‐related responses
Authors: Brás Susana , Soares Sandra C. , Cruz Telmo , Magalhães Tiago , Marques Bernardo , Dantas Cláudia , Fernandes Nuno , Fernandes José Maria
Published: August 2018

Background

Previous studies have successfully used augmented reality (AR) as an aid to exposure‐based treatments for anxiety disorders. However, to the best of our knowledge, none of these studies have measured the physiological correlates of the fear response, relying solely on self‐reports and behavioral avoidance tests.

Methods

As the physiological defensive reactivity pattern impacts on the treatment effectiveness, we tested the feasibility of an AR system integrated in a mobile and wearable device for assessing the psychophysiological mechanisms (heart rate) involved in fear responses in real‐life contexts. Specific phobia was used as a model given its prototypical defensive hyperreactivity toward the feared stimulus (spiders to spider phobics, in the current study).

Results

The results showed that the stimuli presented using AR were able to induce physiological alterations in the participants, which were specific depending on the stimulus type (fear or neutral) and on the participants’ level of spider fear (phobic and control group). These physiological correlates of the fear response were reflected both in the intensity of heart rate (in relation to the baseline) and in the time needed to react and recover after the stimulus exposure. Finally, we tested a theoretical model that showed that the physiological responses of phobic individuals when facing their phobic stimulus only explained its own data.

Conclusions

We argue in favor of the system's feasibility at capturing and quantifying the physiological dimension of fear‐related responses, which may be of great value for diagnostic and treatment purposes in anxiety disorders, namely specific phobia.