bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on slope reinforcement effect based on FEM vegetation
Authors: Yu Chang-yi , Lu Ming-yue
Published: October 2020

With the increasing requirements of environmental protection, the slope reinforcement method is becoming environment-friendly. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the study of slope reinforcement by vegetation, and the mechanism of vegetation reinforcement has been initially established, but it is not common to study vegetation reinforcement by numerical reappearance. On the basis of reviewing the mechanism of slope reinforcement by vegetation, this paper studies the vegetation reinforcement scheme of a slope by finite element method. The results show that the finite element method can be used for vegetation reinforcement simulation, and the simulation results are combined with reality. The method in this paper provides a reference for the analysis of similar problems, and also provides a reliable analysis tool for the analysis of slope reinforced by vegetation.
Research on Modeling Method of 3D Geological Entity Model Based on BIM
Authors: Si-jie Huang , Yu-bin Guo , Chang-yi Yu , Xiao Wang , Qi-zhi Wang
Published: October 2020

The paper uses the BIM design platform Revit as the main program for modeling and debugging, relying on Lizheng survey drilling data, based on the Revit API secondary development technology and its modeling method, to carry out various algorithms involved in 3D geological modeling .The program design realizes automation and rapid establishment of 3D geological entity model, and enables it to have more comprehensive geological information query, section analysis and other functions. At the same time, in order to solve the problems of insufficient original borehole data or uneven borehole distribution, the paper proposes a virtual borehole generation method based on the moving quadric surface fitting interpolation algorithm, which effectively improves the modeling accuracy and the visualization effect of the model.
Comparison and correction of element measurements using qualitative and quantitative X-ray fluorescence in lacustrine sediments: A case study of Lake Hurleg
Authors: Cheng Aiying , Yu Junqing , Gao Chunliang , Zhang Lisha
Published: October 2020

Using an X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) core scanner with nondestructive and successive, the chemistry features of lacustrine sediment can be measured directly. This method of XRF core scanner measurements has been widely applied to core sediment analysis but uncertain of the precision and accuracy. Comparison of intensities obtained by XRF core scanning and the concentration measured by conventional X-ray Fluorescence, indicates effects of physical properties varied from different elements on elemental intensities in the lacustrine sediments of a core from Lake Hurleg in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Correlation among elements Ti and Sr between the two measurement methods of the XRF and the conventional XRF is high. Using the intensity of Cl as an indicator of water content, the element intensities of Ti and Sr in the core samples is corrected. But the correlation coefficients of Ti and Sr is litter raised. The results show that XRF core scanning is a very useful tool for measuring element concentration in sediments particularly for high intensities elements.
The design characteristic of VIP terminal of airport
Authors: Huihui Liu
Published: October 2020

This article discusses the key points of the VIP terminal design, and discusses in detail the difference between VIP terminal and the large-scale terminal from the aspects of passengers, scale, service, and plane functions.
Practical Application of Aesthetic Characteristics in Landscape Design of Mountainous Residential District
Authors: Li Yi , Shen Duwen , Zhang Ran
Published: October 2020

In the process of landscape planning and design of a mountainous residential area, planners make full use of a variety of aesthetic features, create their own characteristics, create community landscape leading the needs of modern urban life, and provide reference for improving the quality of mountain residential area.
Design of Intelligent Sorting Trash Dustbin Based on STM32
Authors: Zhou Changhu , Chen Zhenyu , Lv Xiaotian , Gao Derun , Zhao Mengxue
Published: October 2020

—Garbage sorting is related to many issues such as living environment, resource conservation and social civilization. Aiming at the problem of garbage sorting, an intelligent sorting trash dustbin was designed on the mechanical structure designed by ourselves, using the STM32F103ZET6 chip, the LD3320 speech recognition module, and the ultrasonic module. The garbage dustbin realizes the identification of garbage types, the compressed storage of recyclable garbage, and automatic bag sealing. This design not only protects the environment, reduces the risk of disease, but also makes resources recyclable, which indirectly brings unexpected benefits to humans.
Medizinische Tauglichkeit für kommerzielle suborbitale Raumflüge
Authors: Ullrich Oliver
Published: October 2020

Kommerzielle Flüge mit „Suborbital Reusable Launch Vehicles (sRLV)“ werden einen wichtigen Markt des Weltraumtourismus darstellen und auch die Zugangsmöglichkeiten zu Schwerelosigkeit für Forschung und Entwicklung signifikant erhöhen. Demgegenüber sind das medizinische Wissen und Raumflugerfahrung mit Personen, die nicht die stringenten medizinischen Tauglichkeitskriterien eines Berufsastronauten erfüllen, verschwindend gering. Aktuell existiert keine internationale Gesetzgebung oder Organisation zur Regulation von suborbitalen Raumflügen und nur die USA hat bisher durch die Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Anforderungskriterien an die medizinische Tauglichkeit für die bemannte kommerzielle Raumfahrt erlassen. Im Zentrum der FAA-Richtlinien steht die Minimierung des Risikos für Gesundheit und Sicherheit der Besatzungsmitglieder oder Passagiere und die informierte Einwilligung des „space flight participant“ in alle mit dem Raumflug verbundenen Risiken. Der Erwerb raumfahrtmedizinischen Wissens und Erfahrung mit „space flight participants“ kann sich als extrem wertvoll für die zukünftige Exploration des Weltraums durch den Menschen erweisen.
Improving Utilization of Aspirin for Prevention of Preeclampsia in a High-Risk Urban Cohort: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Boelig Rupsa C. , Wanees Mariam , Zhan Tingting , Berghella Vincenzo , Roman Amanda
Published: October 2020

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the utilization of aspirin for preeclampsia prevention before and after implementation of a screening tool during nuchal translucency (NT) ultrasound.

Study Design One-year prospective cohort study of patients at high risk for preeclampsia after the implementation of a screening tool (postscreen) administered to all patients at check in for NT (11–13 weeks) ultrasound. Prospective cohort was compared with one-year retrospective cohort (prescreen) the year prior (2017). All patients who presented for NT ultrasound in both cohorts were evaluated for the presence of one or more risk factor for preeclampsia with screening tool collected prospectively and chart review retrospectively. Provider recommendation for aspirin determined by documentation in prenatal record. Primary outcome was rate of provider recommendation for aspirin pre versus post screening tool, compared by Chi-square test and adjusted for potential confounders with multiple regression analysis.

Results Pre- (n = 156) and postscreen (n = 136) cohorts were similar except for race and multifetal gestation. Prescreen, rate of provider recommendation for aspirin was 74%. Of those with prior preeclampsia, 96% were recommended aspirin, compared with 64% of patients with other risk factors (p < 0.001). Postscreen, provider recommendation of aspirin improved to 95% (p < 0.001). Rate of preeclampsia/gestational hypertension were similar between cohorts; however, there was a reduced adjusted risk in overall preterm birth <37 weeks (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.50 [0.25–0.99]) and preterm birth <34 weeks (aOR = 0.33 [0.13–0.88]) postscreening tool implementation.

Conclusion Prior to implementation of a simple screening questionnaire, approximately 25% of high risk patients did not receive the recommendation of aspirin for preeclampsia prevention. High-risk patients who lack a history of preeclampsia were less likely to be advised of aspirin prophylaxis. Use of a simple universal screening tool at time of NT ultrasound significantly improved utilization of aspirin for preeclampsia prevention and may improve patient outcomes.

Key Points
Standoff detection of chemical plumes from high explosive open detonations using a swept-wavelength external cavity quantum cascade laser
Authors: Phillips Mark C. , Harilal Sivanandan S. , Yeak Jeremy , Jason Jones R. , Wharton Sonia , Bernacki Bruce E.
Published: October 2020

A swept-wavelength external cavity quantum cascade laser (ECQCL) is used to perform standoff detection of combustion gases in a plume generated from an outdoor high-explosive (HE) open detonation. The swept-ECQCL system was located at a standoff distance of 830 m from a 41 kg charge of LX-14 (polymer-bonded high explosive) and was used to measure the infrared transmission/absorption through the post-detonation plume as it propagated through the beam path. The swept-ECQCL was operated continuously to record broadband absorption spectra at a 200 Hz rate over a spectral range from 2050 to 2230 cm−1 (4.48–4.88 μm). Fitting of measured spectra was used to determine time-resolved column densities of CO, CO2, H2O, and N2O. Analysis of visible video imagery was used to provide timing correlations and to estimate plume dimensions, from which gas mixing ratios were estimated. Measured emission factors and modified combustion efficiency show good agreement with previously reported values.
Two-magnon frequency-pulling effect in ferromagnetic resonance
Authors: Peria W. K. , Yu H. , Lee S. , Takeuchi I. , Crowell P. A.
Published: October 2020

We report the experimental observation in thin films of the hybridization of the uniform ferromagnetic resonance mode with nonuniform magnons as a result of the two-magnon scattering mechanism, leading to a frequency-pulling effect on the ferromagnetic resonance. This effect, when not properly accounted for, leads to a discrepancy in the dependence of the ferromagnetic resonance field on frequency for different field orientations. The frequency-pulling effect is the complement of the broadening of the ferromagnetic resonance line shape by two-magnon scattering and can be calculated using the same parameters. By accounting for the two-magnon frequency shifts through these means, consistency is achieved in fitting data from in-plane and perpendicular-to-plane resonance conditions.
Specific features of fluorescence transfer in multiply scattering randomly inhomogeneous layers under intense laser pumping
Authors: Zimnyakov D.A. , Volchkov S.S. , Kochkurov L.A. , Dorogov A.F.
Published: October 2020

Based on the analysis of experimental data on the effect of the pulsed laser pump intensity on the spectral properties and the size of the fluorescent response zone in randomly inhomogeneous fluorescent layers, we found that the amplification of spontaneous and stimulated emission significantly affects the statistical properties of the propagation lengths of the fluorescent field partial components in the layers. The experiments are performed with layers of SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles saturated with rhodamine 6G, pumped by 532-nm laser radiation in the intensity range corresponding to the transient regime from excitation of spontaneous fluorescence to random lasing in the layer. The experimental data are compared with the results of statistical modelling of fluorescence transfer. It is shown that, even at a pump intensity below the random lasing threshold, the spontaneous emission amplification in a layer leads to a significant increase in the contributions to the fluorescence response from partial components with propagation lengths much larger than the layer thickness. This can be interpreted as a manifestation of the quasi-waveguide effect, in which the probability of propagation of diffuse fluorescence components along the layer over distances many times greater than its thickness and the size of the pumped region increases significantly with a decrease in the characteristic radiation amplification length in the layer.
Two-frequency sub-Doppler spectroscopy of the caesium D1 line in various configurations of counterpropagating laser beams
Authors: Brazhnikov D.V. , Ignatovich S.M. , Mesenzova I.S. , Mikhailov A.M. , Boudot R. , Skvortsov M.N.
Published: October 2020

Sub-Doppler resonances in caesium vapours are studied in a laser field produced by counterpropagating two-frequency light beams with mutually orthogonal linear polarisations. The beams are in resonance with optical transitions in the D1 line, the frequency difference of the field spectral components being equal to the hyperfine ground-state splitting in the Cs atom (∼9.2 GHz). It has already been shown that in this configuration, the hypercontrast effect can be observed for sub-Doppler resonances, which makes this configuration promising for the employment in new-generation miniature optical frequency standards. In the present work, two different two-frequency configurations are compared with each other and with the single-frequency configuration widely used in practice for observing saturated absorption resonances. The parameters of nonlinear resonances are measured at various temperatures of caesium vapours and at different optical field intensities. The results of the investigations performed make it possible to find an optimal two-frequency scheme for exciting nonlinear resonances and to estimate a potential of the scheme for its applications in quantum metrology.
The odorant receptor OR2W3 on airway smooth muscle evokes bronchodilation via a cooperative chemosensory tradeoff between TMEM16A and CFTR
Authors: Huang Jessie , Lam Hong , Koziol-White Cynthia , Limjunyawong Nathachit , Kim Donghwa , Kim Nicholas , Karmacharya Nikhil , Rajkumar Premraj , Firer Danielle , Dalesio Nicholas M. , Jude Joseph , Kurten Richard C. , Pluznick Jennifer L. , Deshpande Deepak A. , Penn Raymond B. , Liggett Stephen B. , Panettieri Reynold A. , Dong Xinzhong , An Steven S.
Published: October 2020

Significance

Odorant sensing GPCRs are the largest gene family in the human genome. We previously found multiple olfactory receptors and their obligate downstream effectors expressed in the smooth muscle of human bronchi. However, the extent to which odorant-sensing receptors (and the ligands to which they respond) on airway smooth muscle (ASM) are physiologically relevant is not established. Here we show that a monoterpene nerol activates the odorant receptor OR2W3 to relax ASM in both cell and tissue models. Surprisingly, the mechanism of action of OR2W3-mediated ASM relaxation involves paradoxical increases in [Ca2+]ithat invoke a cooperative activation of TMEM16A and CFTR to compartmentalize calcium and regulate excitation-contraction coupling in human ASM cells.
PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-dependent Rac exchanger 1 (P-Rex1) promotes mammary tumor initiation and metastasis
Authors: Srijakotre Nuthasuda , Liu Heng-Jia , Nobis Max , Man Joey , Yip Hon Yan Kelvin , Papa Antonella , Abud Helen E. , Anderson Kurt I. , Welch Heidi C. E. , Tiganis Tony , Timpson Paul , McLean Catriona A. , Ooms Lisa M. , Mitchell Christina A.
Published: October 2020

Significance

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and metastasis remains the leading cause of death. P-Rex1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, positively regulates Rac1-mediated oncogenic signaling. P-Rex1 is overexpressed in a subset of human breast cancers; however, little is known of its function in vivo. Here we show P-Rex1 regulates Rac1 activation in vivo in the mammary gland. Increased P-Rex1 expression enhances mammary epithelial cell proliferation and is causally associated with tumor initiation. In murine models, P-Rex1 cooperates with the neu oncogene to increase mammary tumor incidence and metastasis but not primary tumor growth. Our studies suggest that inhibiting the P-Rex1–Rac1 signaling axis may be an adjunct therapy for treating invasive cancers which exhibit increased P-Rex1 expression.
Multiphase magnetism in Yb
2
Ti
2
O
7
Authors: Scheie Allen , Kindervater Jonas , Zhang Shu , Changlani Hitesh J. , Sala Gabriele , Ehlers Georg , Heinemann Andre , Tucker Gregory S. , Koohpayeh Seyed M. , Broholm Collin
Published: October 2020

Significance

Quantum materials have properties that defy conventional theories of solids. Explaining these unusual properties is a frontier in physics, which promises both technological applications and fundamentally new states of matter.

Yb

2

Ti

2

O

7

is a center of attention in this work. While it becomes ferromagnetic at very low temperature, its excitation spectrum resembles that of a quantum spin liquid. We show using neutron scattering on high-quality crystals that the unusual spectra may arise as a superposition of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin waves. This indicates that these disparate forms of magnetism actually coexist in

Yb

2

Ti

2

O

7

, which is consistent with near-perfect degeneracy. The unconventional properties of

Yb

2

Ti

2

O

7

thus appear to arise from the atomic-scale interplay between two conventional types of order.
GPR56/ADGRG1 is a platelet collagen-responsive GPCR and hemostatic sensor of shear force
Authors: Yeung Jennifer , Adili Reheman , Stringham Emily N. , Luo Rong , Vizurraga Alexander , Rosselli-Murai Luciana K. , Stoveken Hannah M. , Yu Maiya , Piao Xianhua , Holinstat Michael , Tall Gregory G.
Published: October 2020

Significance

We identified the known collagen receptor GPR56/ADGRG1 on platelets. GPR56 is an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor that becomes activated following forced dissociation of its N-terminal fragment and C-terminal fragment or seven-transmembrane spanning domain (7TM). Fragment dissociation reveals the cryptic stalk of the 7TM, which acts as a tethered peptide agonist, and for GPR56, this activates platelet G13 signaling. GPR56 pharmacological probes activated platelets to undergo shape change and aggregation, which are critical for the formation of hemostatic plugs.Gpr56−/−mice exhibit prolonged bleeding, defective platelet plug formation in vessel injury assays, and delayed thrombotic vessel occlusion. Shear-force dependency of platelet adhesion to immobilized collagen was found to be GPR56 dependent.
Targeted CRISPR screening identifies PRMT5 as synthetic lethality combinatorial target with gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Wei Xiaolong , Yang Jiekun , Adair Sara J. , Ozturk Harun , Kuscu Cem , Lee Kyung Yong , Kane William J. , O’Hara Patrick E. , Liu Denis , Demirlenk Yusuf Mert , Habieb Alaa Hamdi , Yilmaz Ebru , Dutta Anindya , Bauer Todd W. , Adli Mazhar
Published: October 2020

Significance

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal cancers to treat. Existing drugs rarely work as a single agent. Therefore, identifying novel drug combinations that will synergistically and selectively kill PDAC cells is a significant unmet need. Here, we used CRISPR gene knockout
s
creening to identify combinatorial targets of gemcitabine (Gem) in PDAC. We discovered that PRMT5 depletion makes PDAC cells significantly sensitive to Gem. Our mechanistic findings show that PRMT5 inhibition impairs DNA repair mechanism. Hence the combination results in synergistic accumulation of Gem-induced DNA damage. We show that the combination leads to synergistic cell death in PDAC cells in vitro and in vivo.
The shrimp nephrocomplex serves as a major portal of pathogen entry and is involved in the molting process
Authors: De Gryse Gaëtan M. A. , Khuong Thuong Van , Descamps Benedicte , Van Den Broeck Wim , Vanhove Christian , Cornillie Pieter , Sorgeloos Patrick , Bossier Peter , Nauwynck Hans J.
Published: October 2020

Significance

The ever-growing human population faces problems providing sufficient animal proteins. For shellfish, wild catch is supplemented by aquaculture to meet this increasing global demand. However, aquaculture faces serious problems with infectious diseases. One of the main problems for oriented disease control is lack of information on pathogen entry in the host. The present study fully describes the anatomy of the shrimp’s excretory organ, the antennal gland, identifying the organ as a major portal candidate. Additional findings show that pathogens may indeed enter through this organ naturally, infecting shrimp. We also demonstrate involvement in molting. These insights into the molting process and pathogen entry open doors in fundamental biology and the potential development of disease control measures.
SARS-CoV-2 Orf6 hijacks Nup98 to block STAT nuclear import and antagonize interferon signaling
Authors: Miorin Lisa , Kehrer Thomas , Sanchez-Aparicio Maria Teresa , Zhang Ke , Cohen Phillip , Patel Roosheel S. , Cupic Anastasija , Makio Tadashi , Mei Menghan , Moreno Elena , Danziger Oded , White Kris M. , Rathnasinghe Raveen , Uccellini Melissa , Gao Shengyan , Aydillo Teresa , Mena Ignacio , Yin Xin , Martin-Sancho Laura , Krogan Nevan J. , Chanda Sumit K. , Schotsaert Michael , Wozniak Richard W. , Ren Yi , Rosenberg Brad R. , Fontoura Beatriz M. A. , García-Sastre Adolfo
Published: October 2020

Significance

To successfully establish infection, viral pathogens have to overcome the interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral response. Previous studies revealed that the viral accessory protein Orf6 of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 is able to inhibit STAT1 nuclear translocation to block IFN signaling. In this study, we report that Orf6 localizes at the nuclear pore complex (NPC) where it binds directly to the Nup98-Rae1 complex to target the nuclear import pathway and mediate this inhibition. A better understanding of the strategies used by viruses to subvert host immune responses is critical for the design of novel antivirals and vaccines.
Insights into bacterial cell division from a structure of EnvC bound to the FtsX periplasmic domain
Authors: Cook Jonathan , Baverstock Tyler C. , McAndrew Martin B. L. , Stansfeld Phillip J. , Roper David I. , Crow Allister
Published: October 2020

Significance

The peptidoglycan layer is a core component of the bacterial cell envelope that provides a barrier to the environment and protection from osmotic shock. During division, bacteria must break and rebuild the peptidoglycan layer to enable separation of daughter cells. In
E. coli
, two of the three amidases responsible (AmiA and AmiB) are regulated by a single periplasmic activator (EnvC) that is, itself, controlled by an atypical ABC transporter (FtsEX) tethered to the cytoplasmic septal Z-ring. Here we define the structural basis for the interaction of FtsEX with EnvC and suggest a molecular mechanism for amidase activation where EnvC autoinhibition is relieved by ATP-driven conformational changes transmitted through the FtsEX-EnvC complex.
Gesture studies and anthropological perspectives
Authors: Brookes Heather , Guen Olivier Le
Published: October 2020

This contribution is the introduction for the special issue of Gesture entitled “Anthropology of Gesture”. As such, it raises two main questions: how do gestures contribute to the field of anthropology? And, inversely, how anthropology can improve our understanding of gesture and gestural behaviours? Of particular importance for this special issue, is the emphasis on what Lempert called “the anthropological sensibility” which aims at taking a more cultural and ethnographic approach to the study of gesture, especially but not only in cross-cultural contexts. The last part of this introduction presents all the contributions of this special issue.
The impact of cross-linguistic variation in gesture on sign language phonology and morphology
Authors: Nyst Victoria
Published: October 2020

A considerable body of literature points at parallels between gestural elements and sign language structures. This raises the question to what extent variation in gesture environment may lead to related variation across sign languages, or,mutatis mutandis, to what extent similarities in gesture environment may lead to similarities across (otherwise unrelated) sign languages.

This article will address that question by reviewing a series of studies relating to size and shape specifying (SASS) signs and gestures in signed and spoken languages in West Africa. The review finds that the use of body-based SASS gestures coincides with the use of body-based SASS signs in the sign languages studied, which in turn aligns with (a) restrictions on the number and types of handshapes used in space-based SASS signs, (b) limited use ofspace-based size depictionin lexical items (Nyst, 2018), and (c) a gap in the repertoire of phonemic handshapes.

I conclude that culture-specific patterning in gesture environment may impact on cross-linguistic variation in SASS morphology and handshape phonology. As such, the gestural environment presents an explanation why SLs may be alike or different, in addition to shared ancestry, language contact, and iconicity.
Temporality, social interaction, and power in an anthropology of gesture
Authors: Covington-Ward Yolanda
Published: October 2020

Current anthropological studies of gesture give extensive attention to communities of study from a synchronic perspective
while also focusing on semantic, cognitive, and linguistic analyses of gesture. However, less well explored is how the uses and meanings of
gestures can change over time within societies and the role of gesture in social interactions. In addition, individual, interpersonal, and
societal level politics can also influence what gestures mean and how they are strategically used. This paper uses careful analysis of
European missionary reports and trader accounts written in the late 17th and early 18th centuries to focus on shifting power relations in
the pre-colonial era Kongo Kingdom in West Central Africa. Larger social transformations will be used to contextualize three key incidents
where gestures were at the center of complex negotiations about meaning and power. The paper argues for gesture studies scholars to consider
deep, contextual, and historically grounded examinations of gestures and the role they play in shaping relationships and societies.
Decomposing the variability of match physical performance in professional soccer: Implications for monitoring individuals
Authors: Oliva‐Lozano José M. , Muyor José M. , Fortes Víctor , McLaren Shaun J.
Published: October 2020

The aims of this study were to establish sources of variability in match physical performance of professional soccer players and provide a method for monitoring individual between‐match changes. Eleven players meeting the final inclusion criteria were monitored through an entire in‐season competition phase (n = 240 individual match observations). Ten Hertz global positioning systems were used to measure match total distance (TD), total high‐speed running distance (≥ 21 km·h−1; HSRD), total accelerations (TAcc) and maximum running velocity (V max). Between‐player, between‐position, between‐match and within‐player variability were determined through linear mixed effects models. These data were then used to establish the practical significance of individual changes using a Minimum Effects Testing framework. All sources of variability were greater for HSRD (13–36%) when compared with all other metrics (<6%). Using combined between‐match and within‐player variability along with the smallest worthwhile change (0.2 × between‐player SD), between‐match individual changes of ±∼10–15% in TD, TAcc and V max were established as practically significant. For HSRD, these thresholds were considerably higher (≥60%). In conclusion, the ability for soccer practitioners to identify meaningful changes in match physical performance can aid decision making around player management following competition. Our study provides a method to flag changes beyond the normal match‐to‐match variability and by a substantial magnitude. This may have implications for recovery but should be combined with other sources of data (internal load and response) and used only as an adjunct to practitioner domain knowledge/experience.
Distinct integrin activation pathways for effector and regulatory T cell trafficking and function
Authors: Sun Hao , Lagarrigue Frederic , Wang Hsin , Fan Zhichao , Lopez-Ramirez Miguel Alejandro , Chang John T. , Ginsberg Mark H.
Published: October 2020

Integrin activation mediates lymphocyte trafficking and immune functions. Conventional T cell (Tconv cell) integrin activation requires Rap1-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM). Here, we report that Apbb1ip−/− (RIAM-null) mice are protected from spontaneous colitis due to IL-10 deficiency, a model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Protection is ascribable to reduced accumulation and homing of Tconv cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Surprisingly, there are abundant RIAM-null regulatory T cells (T reg cells) in the GALT. RIAM-null T reg cells exhibit normal homing to GALT and lymph nodes due to preserved activation of integrins αLβ2, α4β1, and α4β7. Similar to Tconv cells, T reg cell integrin activation and immune function require Rap1; however, lamellipodin (Raph1), a RIAM paralogue, compensates for RIAM deficiency. Thus, in contrast to Tconv cells, RIAM is dispensable for T reg cell integrin activation and suppressive function. In consequence, inhibition of RIAM can inhibit spontaneous Tconv cell–mediated autoimmune colitis while preserving T reg cell trafficking and function.
Investigations of dynamics of a single spark-induced bubble in saline water
Authors: Liu Zhen , Guan Xiantao , Zhang Liancheng , Zhang Yun , Pei Yanliang , Liu Chenguang , Zhou He , Liu Baohua , Yan Keping
Published: October 2020

We investigated the behavior of single bubbles generated by spark discharge under different electric fields and water properties. A higher discharge energy is known to generate a larger bubble. However, our results show that the hydraulic efficiency decreases with increasing charging voltage, but increases with increasing charging capacitance. We found that the water conductivity has little influence on the bubble behavior, whereas a higher water temperature generates a larger bubble with higher hydraulic efficiency. The experimental results agreed well with those of the Rayleigh–Plesset model. Overall, the hydraulic efficiency for spark-induced bubble ranges from 3.5% to 7.5%. This work helps to advance our understanding of spark-induced bubble dynamics and their applications.
Charge affinity and solvent effects in numerical simulations of ionic microgels
Authors: Del Monte Giovanni , Camerin Fabrizio , Ninarello Andrea , Gnan Nicoletta , Rovigatti Lorenzo , Zaccarelli Emanuela
Published: October 2020

Ionic microgel particles are intriguing systems in which the properties of thermo-responsive polymeric colloids are enriched by the presence of charged groups. In order to rationalize their properties and predict the behaviour of microgel suspensions, it is necessary to develop a coarse-graining strategy that starts from the accurate modelling of single particles. Here, we provide a numerical advancement of a recently-introduced model for charged co-polymerized microgels by improving the treatment of ionic groups in the polymer network. We investigate the thermoresponsive properties of the particles, in particular their swelling behaviour and structure, finding that, when charged groups are considered to be hydrophilic at all temperatures, highly charged microgels do not achieve a fully collapsed state, in favorable comparison to experiments. In addition, we explicitly include the solvent in the description and put forward a mapping between the solvophobic potential in the absence of the solvent and the monomer–solvent interactions in its presence, which is found to work very accurately for any charge fraction of the microgel. Our work paves the way for comparing single-particle properties and swelling behaviour of ionic microgels to experiments and to tackle the study of these charged soft particles at a liquid–liquid interface.
Role of lone pair electrons in n-type thermoelectric properties of tin oxides
**
Authors: Cao Wei , Wang Ziyu , Miao Ling , Shi Jing , Xiong Rui
Published: October 2020

Oxide materials have shown promising thermoelectric applications due to their availability, tunability, and thermal stability. Among oxide materials, the layered tin oxides (SnO) attract raising attention in the electronic and optoelectronic field owing to their lone pair electrons. We have investigated the thermoelectric properties of layered SnO structures through first-principle calculations. SnO exhibits superior n-type thermoelectric properties and the metallicity of SnO becomes stronger with the number of layers increasing. The lone pair electrons around Sn atoms are the key factor to n-type properties and they will get bonded and anti-bonded in the case of interlayer interaction. Monolayer SnO exhibits the best thermoelectric performances and the average n-type ZT value of monolayer SnO can achieve 0.90 at 500–700 K. Our results demonstrate that layered SnO will be the potential n-type two-dimensional oxide thermoelectric material.
Infrared optical spectrum of topological crystalline insulator SnTe (001) surface states
Authors: O’Brien David , Apalkov Vadym
Published: October 2020

We investigate the effects of varying temperature and chemical potential on the optical absorption spectrum of (001) surface states of topological crystalline insulator SnTe using a four-band effective k ⋅ p Hamiltonian. The spectrum is characterized by a narrow peak at 52 meV and a shoulder feature at 160 meV. Both absorptions have maximal intensity at 0 K or when chemical potential is located at the charge neutrality point. Then, as temperature increases or as chemical potential diverges, they both decrease in intensity. The 52 meV peak originates from transitions between high density of states regions surrounding van Hove singularities and is the spectrum’s most prominent feature. Additionally, a third absorption from 110 meV to 150 meV, initially absent at 0 K or chemical potential at charge neutrality point, gradually builds in intensity as temperature increases or as chemical potential diverges. This absorption arises from transitions between low and high energy bands of opposite helicity. Importantly, we find that all distinct spectral features are diminished if the magnitude of chemical potential diverges to values above the van Hove singularity energies. If a given sample’s chemical potential is well-controlled, conventional infrared spectroscopy may be used to identify the spectral signatures of SnTe (001) surface states at room temperatures and without use of large magnetic fields.
Novel graphitic sheets with ripple-like folds as an NCA cathode coating layer for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhao Hong , Law Homei , Liao Shuang , Chen Dongchu , Lin Peng
Published: October 2020

In this work, novel graphitic sheets with ripple-like folds (GSRFs) are synthesized from cheap resin via a facile route. The obtained GSRFs are used as a cladding layer for LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) particles to construct a GSRF@NCA composite cathode. Electrochemical testing for GSFR@NCA exhibits better cycling and C-rate performance than those of original NCA. Moreover, the capacity retention (85%) of the full-cell (GSFR@NCA versus graphite) is much higher than that (79%) of the full-cell (NCA versus graphite) after 400 cycles. Most importantly, this approach allows the preparation of GSFR@NCA with highly promising applications as a cathode for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries, since in this contribution just simple equipment and a precursor with low cost are involved.
The r-Hunter–Saxton equation, smooth and singular solutions and their approximation
Authors: Cotter Colin J , Deasy Jacob , Pryer Tristan
Published: October 2020

In this work we introduce the r-Hunter–Saxton equation, a generalisation of the Hunter–Saxton equation arising as extremals of an action principle posed in L

r
. We characterise solutions to the Cauchy problem, quantifying the blow-up time and studying various symmetry reductions. We construct piecewise linear functions and show that they are weak solutions to the r-Hunter–Saxton equation.
Photoplethysmography in postoperative monitoring of deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) free flaps
Authors: Kyriacou P A , Zaman T , Pal S K
Published: October 2020

Objective: Deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) free flaps are widely used as a reconstruction option following mastectomy in breast cancer. During such cases partial tissue necrosis can occur due to the insufficient blood supply to the transplanted tissue site. Therefore, monitoring of flap perfusion and early detection of flap failure is a prerequisite to flap survival. There is a need to develop a non-invasive, easy to use, reproducible and inexpensive monitoring device to assess flap perfusion postoperatively. Approach: A three-wavelength reflective optical sensor and processing system based on the principle of photoplethysmography (PPG) has been developed to investigate blood volumetric changes and estimate free flap blood oxygen saturation continuously and non-invasively in DIEP free flaps in the postoperative period. The system was evaluated in 15 patients undergoing breast reconstructive surgery using DIEP free flap. Main results and Significance: Good quality red, infrared and green PPG signals were obtained in the postoperative period. Initial estimation of blood oxygen saturation values estimated from the free flap PPGs seem to be in broad agreement with the commercial finger pulse oximeter used in this study. This pilot study has demonstrated that PPG has the potential to be used as a monitoring technique in assessing free flap viability.
Shifts in regional production as a driver of future global ocean production stoichiometry
Authors: Matsumoto Katsumi , Tanioka Tatsuro
Published: October 2020

Using a global ocean biogeochemistry model, we examined three drivers of global ocean production C:N:P ratio: flexible phytoplankton stoichiometry, phytoplankton community composition, and regional production shifts. For a middle-of-the-road warming scenario (SSP2), the model predicts a substantial increase in the global export C:P ratio from 113:1 to 119:1 by the year 2100. The most important physiological driver of this stoichiometric change is the effect of the worldwide warming on cyanobacteria, followed by the effect of phosphate depletion on eukaryotes in the Southern Ocean. Also, there is a modest global shift in the phytoplankton community in favor of cyanobacteria at the expense of eukaryotes with a minimal effect on the global production stoichiometry. We find that shifts in the regional production, even in the absence of any change in phytoplankton stoichiometry or taxonomy, can change the global production C:N:P ratio. For example, enhancing the production in the polar waters, which typically have low C:N:P ratios, will have the effect of lowering the global ratio. In our model, the retreat of Antarctic sea ice has this very effect but is offset by production changes downstream and elsewhere. This study thus provides an understanding of how regional production changes can affect the global production C:N:P ratio. However, the current literature indicates substantial uncertainty in the future projections of regional production changes, so it is unclear at this time what their net effect is on the global production C:N:P ratio. Finally, our model predicts that the overall increase in the carbon content of organic matter due to flexible C:N:P ratio helps to stabilize carbon export in the face of reduced nutrient export (i.e. the decrease in C export is ~30% smaller than expected from the decrease in P export by 2100) but has a minimal effect on atmospheric CO2 uptake (~1%).
On superintegrability of 3D axially-symmetric non-subgroup-type systems with magnetic fields
Authors: Bertrand S , Kubů O , Šnobl L
Published: October 2020

We extend the investigation of three-dimensional Hamiltonian systems of non-subgroup type admitting non-zero magnetic fields and an axial symmetry, namely the circular parabolic case, the oblate spheroidal case and the prolate spheroidal case. More precisely, we focus on linear and some special cases of quadratic superintegrability. In the linear case, no new superintegrable system arises. In the quadratic case, we found one new minimally superintegrable system that lies at the intersection of the circular parabolic and cylindrical cases and another one at the intersection of the cylindrical, spherical, oblate spheroidal and prolate spheroidal cases. By imposing additional conditions on these systems, we found for each quadratically minimally superintegrable system a new infinite family of higher-order maximally superintegrable systems. These two systems are linked respectively with the caged and harmonic oscillators without magnetic fields through a time-dependent canonical transformation.
Spectra of perfect state transfer Hamiltonians on fractal-like graphs
Authors: Mograby Gamal , Derevyagin Maxim , Dunne Gerald V , Teplyaev Alexander
Published: October 2020

In this paper we study the spectral features, on fractal-like graphs, of Hamiltonians which exhibit the special property of perfect quantum state transfer (PQST): the transmission of quantum states without dissipation. The essential goal is to develop the theoretical framework for understanding the interplay between PQST, spectral properties, and the geometry of the underlying graph, in order to design novel protocols for applications in quantum information science. We present a new lifting and gluing construction, and use this to prove results concerning an inductive spectral structure, applicable to a wide variety of fractal-like graphs. We illustrate this construction with explicit examples for several classes of diamond graphs.
Chemical recycling of End-of-Life wind turbine blades by solvolysis/HTL
Authors: Mattsson C , André A , Juntikka M , Tränkle T , Sott R
Published: October 2020

The focus of this contribution is to highlight the challenges of chemical recycling of End-of-Life glass fiber composite (GFRP) waste from wind turbine blades utilizing solvolysis/HTL (hydrothermal liquefaction) methods based on subcritical water as solvent. A multitude of investigations have been published during the years regarding solvolysis of newly produced composite laminates and known thermoset composition (epoxy, polyester, and vinyl ester). However, a real wind turbine blade is more complex and constitutes of thermosets, thermoplastics, and other materials such as balsa wood. It is a very challenging task to separate these materials from each other within the wind turbine blade structure, so the premise for recycling is a mixed waste stream where little is known about the chemical composition. In the present study, the solvolysis process for GFRPs based on sub/supercritical water at 250-370 °C and 100-170 bar process conditions with catalyst (acid and base) and additives (alcohols and glycols) was studied and optimized. The samples used are representative for End-of-Life wind turbine blades. The aim is therefore to investigate if it is possible to develop a general process that can accept all material constituents in a real wind turbine blade, resulting in recycled glass fibers and a hydrocarbon fraction that can be used as a refinery feedstock.
Influence of the glass non-crimp fabric intrinsic undulation on the stiffness of the composite ply: A micromechanical approach
Authors: Antoniou A , Mikkelsen L P , Goutianos S , Bagemiel O , Gebauer I , Flindt R , Sayer F
Published: October 2020

Load carrying components of modern wind turbine blades are manufactured from composites, consisting of non-crimp fabrics infused with polymer resins. The effective stiffness of the resulting laminate is a combination of the properties of its building blocks i.e. fibers, and matrix as well as from the fabric texture imperfections e.g. fiber undulations. Moreover, ply inherent boundary conditions, e.g. the restriction of the Poisson deformation of the matrix imposed from the adjacent fibers, are determining the in-situ orthotropic performance. Towards modelling the in-plane stiffness of a unidirectional (UD) infused non-crimp fabric, a two-step modular procedure is proposed, accounting for the aforementioned parameters, based only on experimental data and analytical formulations. Initially, a micromechanical model is predicting the stiffness of the ideal UD ply i.e. disregarding fiber undulations. Subsequently, a plate model is generated based on the classical lamination theory, approximating the UD laminate as a multiaxial configuration of ideal UD sub-plies. Each sub-ply thickness and orientation is based on the fiber angle density distribution of dry fabrics and cured laminates. These are derived experimentally with an integrated optical camera system and Computer Tomography scans respectively. The theoretical laminate stiffness is correlating very well with standard and thick UD laminate quasi-static tests.
Exploration of irreversible residual stresses in a carbon/epoxy composite
Authors: Jakobsen Johnny , Shakibapour Fahimeh
Published: October 2020

Residual stresses in composite material may rise from several sources; difference in thermal straining between fibre and matrix, chemical shrinkage of the matrix material. The presented paper explores an irreversible Eigen-strain in the material which is shown to change and be removed by a thermal treatment above the Tg of the matrix material. This has been observed though TMA measurements of a carbon/epoxy unidirectional sample. The local Eigen-strain is translated into stresses using a visco-elastic constitutive relation. Further exploration indicates that cooling rate influence the generation of residual stresses in the material.
A basic orthotropic viscoelastic model for composite and wood materials considering available experimental data and time-dependent Poisson’s ratios
Authors: Bengtsson R , Afshar R , Gamstedt E K
Published: October 2020

Long-term deformation in creep is of significant engineering importance. For anisotropic materials, such as wood, composites and reinforced concrete, creep testing in several axial directions including shear is necessary to obtain a creep model which is able to predict deformation in the basic orthotropic case. Such a full set of experimental data is generally not available, and simplifying assumptions are typically made to conceive a useful 3D model. These assumptions should preferably be made based on the material behaviour and sound engineering arguments. This problem appears to be addressed in many different ways and sometimes the assumptions are not well justified. In the present study, we examine 3D creep of wood and composite materials. Particular emphasis is made on explaining the choices made in developing the model, considering practicality, incomplete material data and the specific behaviour of wood and composites. An orthotropic linear viscoelastic model is implemented as a material model in a commercial FE software. The constitutive equations are derived in the 1D case using a hereditary approach, then later generalized to the 3D formulation. Guidelines are shown how to implement it into the FE software to predict creep of components and structures. Although the model itself is conventional, the effect of considering time-dependent Poisson’s ratios is investigated here, as well an optimization approach when inserting inevitably asymmetric experimental creep data into the model. As far as the authors know, creep of wooden materials have not been defined using this approach before. The model of interest is calibrated against experimental data. Examples using experimental results from solid wood data and a unidirectional fiber composite are demonstrated. The results show that the model is able to capture the orthotropic behaviour adequately. Orthotropy requires symmetry of the creep compliance matrix, which typically is not the case experimentally. It is shown that in rendering the matrix symmetric, one needs to decide which direction is more important. It is also shown that the frequently employed assumption of constant Poisson’s ratios should be made with caution.