bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to extract Foreign Bodies in the absence of suitable Instruments. Mozambican Experience
Authors: Abdul Cadar Dadá Mahomed Sidique , Mahomed Dadá Abdul Habib
Published: May 2021

Foreign bodies are very common in poor countries and the lack of proper instruments for their extraction can lead to complications. The idea of this work is to share the Mozambican experience in the extraction of foreign bodies from the pharynx, nasal cavities and external auditory canal. The esophageal and airway bodies require a special equipment. We can't adapt.
Therapeutic uses of Vilwa (Aegle marmelos) in Ayurveda with Pharmacological Evidence
Authors: Panda Purnendu , Das Banamali , Bhuyan G.C. , Rao M.M.
Published: May 2021

Aegle marmelos, a plant indigenous to India has been used by the inhabitants of the Indian subcontinent for over 5000 years. The leaves, bark, roots, fruits and seeds are used extensively in the Indian traditional system of medicine the Ayurveda and in various folk medicine to treat myriad ailments. It possesses broad range of therapeutic effects that includes free radical scavenging, antioxidant, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-diarrheal, gastroprotective, antiulcerative colitis, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective and radioprotective effects.In Ayurveda it has been used for the treatment of Atisara (loose stool), Pravahika (dysentery), Shoth (generalised or localised swelling), Gulma (localised gas in abdominal region), Arsha ( haemorrhoids), Grahani (irritable bowel syndrome), Pandu (anaemia), Shvasa (respiratory disorders), Hikka (hiccough), Kasa (cough), Parshwashula (pain in chest bilaterally), Hritshula (cardiac problems), Udararoga (disorders of GI tract), Halimaka (a type of jaundice), Vataroga (nervine disorder).
Umbilical Cord Blood banking and its Therapeutic uses: A Review
Authors: Nand Jha Ambika , M. Patel Dhaval , S Patel Jignesh , N. Trivedi Upama , H. Shah Akshay
Published: May 2021

The Cord blood is the blood from the baby that is left in the umbilical cord and placenta postpartum. Cord blood contains all the normal elements of blood-red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma. But it is also rich in haematopoietic stem cells, similar to those found in the bone marrow. Haematopoietic stem cell cells that can be used to treat some types of diseases. The first successful transplantation using haematopoietic stem cells from cord blood was performed in 1988 by a team lead by Dr E. Gluckman to treat a five-year-old boy suffering from Fanconi’s anaemia. It has been estimated that more than 35,500 transplants have been performed in children and adults for the correction of inborn errors of metabolism, hematopoietic malignancies, and genetic disorders of the blood and immune system. The umbilical cord is a narrow tube-like structure that connects the growing baby to the placenta. The cord is sometimes called the baby's “supply line” because it carries the baby's blood back and forth, between the baby and the placenta. It delivers nutrients and oxygen to the baby and excretes the baby's waste products. Three cord blood banking options are available public, private and direct donation banks. The protocols and standards for screening collections and storage of cord blood have now been established worldwide for both public and private cord blood banks. The use of cord blood provides viable options for paediatric patients with malignant conditions, hemoglobinopathies, metabolic disorders, immune deficiencies and regenerative applications.
A Review an Isatin, Isatin Derivatives and their Pharmacological Activity
Authors: Beula S. Janet , Mohan Reddy T. Rama , Suthakaran R. , K. Suneetha
Published: May 2021

Isatin or 1H-indole-2, 3-dione is an indole derivative. Isatin is an important class of heterocyclic compounds. Recently, heterocyclic compounds analogues and their derivatives have attracted strong interest in medicinal chemistry due to their biological and pharmacological properties. The structure have offered a high value of diversity that is proven useful for the development of new medicinal drugs and improved potency,less toxicity and good pharmacological activity. Isatin has a wide varity of pharmacological activities such as an antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic etc. The aim of this review is to provide the recent efforts of scinentists in pharmacological screening of isatin, importants and synthesis of isatin derivatives,pharmacological action of isatin and their biological activity.
Review Article on Traditional out look of Smilax zeylanica
Authors: Abdul Saleem Shaik , Lakshmi Bathula , Kumar J.N. Suresh
Published: May 2021

Since time immemorial plants have been used for various needs such as food, fodder, construction, dyes and medicine. Smilax zeylanica L., belonging to the monocotyledon family Smilacaceae, is a dioecious climbing shrub with woody stem. The plant is used as a substitute for Sarsaparilla. In this review, we present updated information on the ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities shown by S. zeylanica by referring standard flora, journal articles and various search engines. Whole plant or certain parts of the plant (leaf, root, rhizome, fruit and stem) are used ethnobotanically in several countries for several purposes such as fodder, vegetable and in the treatment of diseases like skin diseases, piles, dysentery, venereal diseases, rheumatism, toothache, arthritis, and urinary complaints. The plant is reported to contain many chemicals and diosgenin, smilagenin, β-sitosterol, hydroxytyrosol, squalene and sarsapogenin are few among the important phytochemicals. A number of bioactivities such as antimicrobial, cytotoxic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticonvulsant activities have been shown by the plant. Overall, it can be concluded that S. zeylanica is a plant which is extensively utilized ethnobotanically for various therapeutic applications and is shown to exhibit a range of bioactivities, the results of which justifies the ethnobotanical uses of the plant. Further, S. zeylanica can be screened for developing bioactive phytochemicals which can be used as lifesaving drugs.
A Proposed Corporate Social Responsibility Model to Develop a Coherent Sustainability Commitment
Authors: Ismail Tariq , Elhamy Mohamed , Eltamboly Nayera
Published: May 2021

This study develops a proposed model based on the Analytical Hierarchical Process model (AHP) and Standard and Poor's/ Egypt Stock Exchange Environmental, Social and Governance Index (S&P/EGX ESG) to measure and maximize the company's corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance. The results confirm that the company that successfully undertakes this model can develop a coherent sustainable disclosure commitment that contributes to a never-ending journey of continuous improvement in the company's CSR performance. Furthermore, based on the empirical results of the proposed model implemented at SC which is the targeted company used for the case study, we find that this model enables the company to identify, measure and track its CSR performance over three years from 2017 to 2019 and in comparison with the S&P/EGX ESG benchmark at the KPIs level. In addition, the researchers develop a sustainability outcomes report to reflect the strengths and weaknesses in the current situation of SC. Therefore, it enables the company to transparently communicate the results of its performance in a high-quality report, which finally contributes to the achievement of sustainable development as an end vision.
The Effect of Economic Development on Urbanization in Lebanon: An Empirical Study
Authors: Hamdan Marwa , Balouza Mohamad
Published: May 2021

The paper aims to study the evolution of urban growth in Lebanon as a developing country with respect to its economic development. Also, the dynamics of this relationship are to be explored and shed some light on the effect, if any, of economic development on Urbanization in Lebanon. Therefore, the study identifies through literature how economic development impacts urbanization. Finally, this paper advances the research on the subject topic in Lebanon beyond the restrictions and limitations of previous literature through empirical results. The study focuses on previous literature regarding the relation of economic development and urbanization. The study uses time-series OLS multi-variate egression anaylsis in the case of Lebanon from the year 1988-2018.GDP per capita, school enrolment and life expectancy were used tocapture the urban population growth, while ores and metals exports, manufacturing value added and agricultural value added were used as conrol variables. The results indicate a positive correlation and at least one co integrating equation between the variables. The results showed that two variables are significant with urban population at regional level supporting the expected hypothesis (GDP and school enrolment) and all other variables did not show any significant relation with urbanization in Lebanon. This study might be of interest providing insights on the relationship between urbanization and economic development specially for further studies in the field of urbanization. The study believes to contribute positively to understanding of urbanization and the creation to an innovative era of economic growth, luxury and improved resource allocation.
Global Business and Industry 4.0 in the Context of COVID-19
Authors: Petar Saša
Published: May 2021

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, global business is currently facing one of the biggest challenges in its sustainability. The "new normal" provides the customers with a different quality level of products and services (World Health Organization, 2019). This paper shows that the future focus of the business will be on the implementation of fully automated services and how this will change global business related to Industry 4.0.
COVID-19: Problems, Challenges and Business Opportunities
Authors:   Beirut Arab University, El-Chaarani Hani
Published: May 2021

The arrival of COVID-19 has a negative impact on social conditions and economic indicators of many developed and developing countries. SMEs and managers are suffering from the lockdown, health conditions and the difficulty of transportation. They are implementing new strategies and applying cost control of their expenses to survive. The local governments in collaboration with the IMF, the UN and international NGOs should collaborate and cooperate to recover the socio-economic conditions. This research paper sheds light on socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 and provides many proposals to recover the socio-economic conditions in developing and developed countries.
Big Data Classification Efficiency Based on Linear Discriminant
Analysis
Authors: Ahmed Hussein Ali  , Zahraa Faiz Hussain  , Shamis N. Abd
Published: May 2021

The proliferation of online platforms recently has led to unprecedented increase in data generation;
this has given rise to the concept of big data which characterizes data in terms of volume, velocity, variety, and
veracity. One of the common multivariate statistical data analysis tools is linear discriminant analysis (LDA) which
relies on the concept of obtaining the separation among groups through LDA. The prediction of the class of a given
class of data points can be achieved through classification, a supervised learning technique but prior to a classification
process, a classification model must first be built using classification algorithms. Several classification algorithms are
available for prediction tasks. LDA is commonly used for the reduction of the dimensionality of datasets. In this
article, the use of LDA to improve the classification performance of different classification model was presented.
Peran Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen dalam upaya Preventif Pornografi
Authors: Indrianto Indrianto , Arifianto Yonatan Alex , Triposa Reni
Published: May 2021

Pornography is an audio-visual product, image or writing that can design the sexual lust of someone who reads or watches it. According to the Christian view, pornography depicts sex in a sinful way, degrades human dignity, destroys marital commitments, and engenders lust and adultery. The cause of pornography addiction is due to internal and external factors. Pornography is bad for teenagers because it causes addiction, damages the brain, the desire to try and imitate, and initiates sexual acts. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, it can be concluded that the role of the teacher and Christian religious education is a teaching and learning process that is based on the Bible, centered on Christ, and depends on the power of the Holy Spirit to guide each person at all levels of faith growth. The role of the Christian Religious Education teacher is not just to provide guidance and teaching in the field of Christian Religious Education to students, but the goal that the teacher wants to achieve is to develop and foster faith, attitudes, and actions in accordance with the testimony in the Bible and applied to them. daily life of students. So that it can seek to prevent pornography in all aspects within the scope of education. Abstract Pornografi adalah sebuah produk audio-visual, gambar ataupun tulisan yang bisa merancang nafsu birahi seksual seseorang yang membaca ataupun menontonnya. Menurut pandangan Kristen pornografi menggambarkan seks dalam cara berdosa, merendahkan martabat manusia, menghancurkan komitmen perkawinan, dan menanamkan hawa nafsu dan perzinahan. Penyebab kecanduan pornografi karena ada faktor internal dan eksternal. Pornografi berdampak buruk bagi remaja karena menyebabkan kecanduan, merusak otak, keinginan untuk mencoba serta meniru, dan mulai melakukan tindakan seksual. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa peran guru dan pendidikan agama Kristen adalah proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran yang berdasarkan Alkitab, berpusat pada Kristus, dan bergantung kepada kuasa Roh Kudus yang membimbing setiap pribadi pada semua tingkat pertumbuhan iman. Peran guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen bukan sekedar memberikan bimbingan dan pengajaran dalam bidang Pendidikan Agama Kristen kepada peserta didik, namun tujuan yang hendak di capai oleh guru yaitu untuk mengembangkan dan menumbuhkan iman, sikap, serta tindakan sesuai dengan kesaksian yang ada dalam Alkitab dan di aplikasikan kedalam kehidupan peserta didik sehari-hari. Sehingga dapat mengupayakan pencegahan pornografi dalam segala aspek dalam lingkup pendidikan.
Refleksi Teologis Kitab Hosea Tentang Peran Tuhan Terhadap Kekudusan
Authors: Baskoro Paulus Kunto
Published: May 2021

Holiness is a very serious matter before God and is not compromised at any price. Holiness is the most important part of a relationship between God and humans. However, it cannot be denied that because of sin, the quality of human holiness with God is destroyed. God cannot compromise sin. Sin severed man's relationship with God. Seeing how very important holiness is, it is necessary to seriously discuss the meaning of holiness before God. Because what is happening at this time, holiness has begun to fade with evidence of moral destruction and several principles of good life in the family, dating style, service standards and even in work, holiness is not a priority, because holiness remains the highest standard. Through descriptive qualitative method with literature study approach, it can be concluded that in order for people to believe in returning to the divine quality of life, that is, living in holiness according to God's heart. The book of Hosea becomes a reference for serious contemplation with the meaning of a holiness from the side of God's role. And the discussion of this context will focus on the theological understanding of the Book of Hosea by using the method of extracting literature and several sources of writings that strongly strengthen the theological concept. So that from exploring the theological concepts of God's role in the holiness of the Book of Hosea, we can get a reflection of life that holiness is the most important part in the standard of life forever. AbstrakKekudusan menjadi hal yang sangat serius dihadapan Tuhan dan tidak ada ditawar-tawar dengan harga apapun. Kekudusan menjadi bagian terpenting bagi sebuah hubungan antara Tuhan dengan manusia. Namun tidak bisa dipungkiri, karena dosa, maka kualitas kekudusan manusia dengan Allah menjadi hancur. Allah tidak bisa kompromi dengan dosa. Dosa membuat hubungan manusia dengan Allah menjadi terputus. Melihat betapa sangat pentingnya kekudusan, maka perlu dibahas secara serius arti sebuah kekudusan dihadapan Allah. Sebab yang terjadi saat ini, kekudusan sudah mulai luntur dengan terbuktinya kehancuran moral dan beberapa prinsip-prinsip kehidupan baik dalam keluarga, gaya pacaran, standart pelayanan bahkan dalam pekerjaan, kekudusan menjadi hal yang tidak diutamakan, sebab kekudusan tetap menjadi standart tertinggi. Melalui metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka dapat disimpulkan bahwa   supaya orang percaya kembali kepada kualitas hidup ilahi, yaitu hidup dalam kekudusan sesuai dengan hati Tuhan. Kitab Hosea menjadi acuan untuk perenungan secara serius dengan arti sebuah kekudusan dari sisi peran Tuhan. Dan pembahasan konteks ini akan difokuskan kepada pemahaman teologis dari Kitab Hosea dengan menggunakan metode  penggalian pustaka dan beberapa sumber penulisan-penulisan yang sangat menguatkan konsep teologisnya. Sehingga dari penggalian konsep-kosep teologis peran Tuhan dalam kekudusan dari Kitab Hosea, didapatkan refleksi kehidupan bahwa kekudusan menjadi bagian terpenting dalam standart kehidupan sampai selama-lamanya.
Integrasi Iman dan Pekerjaan sebagai Sebuah Strategi Misi
Authors: Yeniretnowati Tri Astuti , Perangin Angin Yakub Hendrawan
Published: May 2021

Penulis Kitab Kejadian menggambarkan penciptaan dunia oleh Allah sebagai kegiatan bekerja, dan umat manusia sebagai ciptaan Allah juga bekerja di firdaus.  Setiap anak Tuhan dimanapun berada dalam segala kegiatannya harus menjadi terang dan garam dunia. Misi bukan hanya sebagai usaha memberitakan keselamatan tetapi juga menghadirkan kerajaan Allah di tengah-tengah dunia. Setiap orang percaya harus turut menanggung beban dan terlibat dalam misi Allah atau pelayanan pekerjaan Tuhan, karena amanat agung Tuhan Yesus yang harus dikerjakan dengan setia, terus-menerus dan sampai akhir. Respon terhadap tanggung jawab misi ini adalah sesuai dengan panggilan masing-masing. Setiap orang memiliki fungsi dan peran yang berbeda – beda sesuai dengan panggilan Allah, setiap orang percaya harus menemukan secara tepat dimana dan bagaimana ia harus berkarya bagi Tuhan. Untuk menggenapi rencanaNya Tuhan menempatkan setiap orang percaya pada tempat yang spesifik dan unik, sehingga dalam menggenapi misi Allah semua orang percaya baik rohaniawan maupun pekerja sekuler/profesional memiliki panggilan yang sama dalam penggenapan misi Allah.
Telaah Peran Orang Tua Dalam Membangun Ekosistem Sukacita Keluarga Pada Masa Kenormalan Baru Dari Sudut Pandang Teologi Pentakosta
Authors: Manurung Kosma
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this article's research is to examine the role of Christian parents in building the sacred ecosystem in the family during the new normal from the perspective of Pentecostal theology. The method used is descriptive and literature review. This article discusses how the Bible views joy, the importance of joy to believers in particular in the new normal, and the role of parents in building a joyful ecosystem in the Christian family. Through the research results of this article, there are six practical ways that parents can apply in building an ecosystem of joy in the family of believers, namely through behavior that does not like anger, avoiding fighting with partners, building a culture of joking, living by the moral standards that the Bible teaches, develop love language communication, and be role models.Maksud dari penelitian artikel ini ingin menelaah peran orang tua Kristen dalam membangun ekosistem sucakita di keluarga pada masa kenormalan baru dari sudut pandang teologi Pentakosta. Metode yang digunakan adalan deskriptif dan kajian literatur. Artikel ini membahas bagaimana pandangan Alkitab tentang sukacita, arti penting sukacita bagi orang percaya secara khusus dimasa kenormalan baru, dan peran orang tua dalam membangun ekosistem sukacita di keluarga Kristen. Lewat hasil penelitian artikel ini ada enam cara praktis yang orang tua bisa terapkan dalam membangun ekosistem sukacita di keluarga orang percaya yaitu melalui perilaku yang tidak suka marah-marah, menghindari bertengkar dengan pasangan, membangun budaya senda gurau, hidup dalam standar moral yang Alkitab ajarkan, mengembangkan komunikasi bahasa cinta, dan jadi teladan.
A Comparative Study of the Simple Clause in Akan, Dagaare and English
Authors: Abunya Levina Nyameye , Owusu Edward , Naapane Faustina Marius
Published: May 2021

The paper compares how the simple clause is expressed in Akan (Kwa, Niger-Congo), Dagaare (Gur, Niger-Congo) and English. It examines the simple clause in relation to noun phrase, verbal phrases, adpositional phrases, basic word order in declarative and focus constructions, and the basic locative construction. Basically, the study reveals that despite the differences, Akan and Dagaare have a lot in common as compared to English. This of course shows how distant English is from the two African languages. Certain linguistic features such as serial verb construction and focus constructions were unique to Akan and Dagaare and this, is not surprising since languages within the same language family (Niger Congo) tend to share certain lexical, phonological, morphological and syntactic features. The significant variation between these languages shows where Akan and Dagaare languages diverge into other sub-family groups: Kwa and Gur, respectively.
How Are Non-Performing Loans Influencing the Banks’ Efficiency?
Authors: Diakomihalis Mihail , Economakou Sofia
Published: May 2021

Non-Performing Loans portfolio (NPLs) is a major issue faced by the financial system worldwide and in Greece as well with extremely influence during the financial crisis decade.The purpose of this research is to investigate and determine if and how the NPLs influence the efficiency indicators of the Greek banks and specifically how they affect efficiency of the banks.The empirical investigation of Non-Performing loans included a comparative study of indicators of efficiency of the Greek banks, National Bank of Greece, Piraeus Bank, Alpha Bank, Eurobank, Attica Bank and the Co-operative Banks of Epirus, Crete, Thessaly, and Serres, for the year 2017.The conclusions resulted concern the display of financial size of the bank sample, the correlation of loans with outflows, the multifaceted analysis of linear regression to control the effects of loans and finally the effect of lending on the banks’ performance.
Nutrients Content and Antioxidant Potential of Selected Traditional Vegetables Grown in Malawi
Authors: Issa Joseph Yohane , Onyango Arnold , Makokha Anselimo , Okoth Judith
Published: May 2021

Vegetables provide nutrients, especially minerals and vitamins, and non-nutrient phytochemicals with health benefits. Iron, zinc and vitamin A deficiencies are common in most developing countries yet traditional vegetables that can provide these nutrients grow wildly in most areas. This study evaluated the nutrient contents, phytochemicals and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of five traditional leafy vegetables grown in Malawi, namely Amaranth hybridus (Amaranth ssp.), Moringa oleifera ( Drum stick), Bidens pilosa (Black jack), Corchorus olitorius (Jute mallow) and Ipomea batatas (Sweet potato) leaves. Results from the present study show that beta-carotene ranged from 829.68 µg/100g to 5,791.64 µg/100g and Moringa oleifera had the highest concentration. Vitamin C content ranged from 7.93 mg/100g to 35.81 mg/100g and Ipomea batatas leaves had the highest concentration. Zinc concentrations ranged from 4.42 mg/100g to 10.59 mg/100g. Iron content ranged from 37.22 mg/100g to 48.21 mg/100g. Total phenolics content (TPC) ranged from 0.98 g/100g to 3.89 g/100g with Bidens pilosa leaves having the highest TPC (3.89±0.23 g/100g). Moringa oleifera and Bidens pilosa leaves had significantly higher (P<0.05) total flavonoids content (TFC) compared to the other vegetables. Total carotenoids content (TCC) ranged from 1,708.68 µg/100g to 15,041.59 µg/100g. Tannins content ranged from 42.94 mg/100g to 77.16 mg/100g. DPPH radical scavenging activities of the vegetable leaves were in the order of Bidens pilosa > Corchorus olitorius > Moringa oleifera > Ipomea batatas > Amaranth hybridus. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of these vegetables ranged from 12.5 µg/mL to 125 µg/mL. Lower IC50 values indicate higher radical scavenging activity. The results suggested that the traditional vegetables under the study can significantly contribute to improved human nutrition and have potential to reduce diseases related to oxidative stress.
Lifestyle Changes and Passive Smoking Risk in Rural Japan: Comparing Cross-Sectional Surveys
Authors: Sumiyoshi Tomoko , Seki Nao , Amarasinghe Thimira , Thennakoon Sachini Kumari , Kubota Sayaka
Published: May 2021

Recommended lifestyle and good mental/physical status in childhood are factors that facilitate lifelong health. This study investigated changes in the lifestyle of Japanese rural children over the past 15 years during which, tobacco-related education and lifestyle issues have significantly changed. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 in Town A, rural, Japan. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires, which were distributed to 360 students of two elementary schools and junior high schools in Town A. Daily activities, passive smoking exposure, mental/physical status, and Internet usage were evaluated and compared to data obtained from a similar survey conducted in 2002 in the same area and schools. Sleep time in 2017 was reduced compared to that in 2002 in both sexes but was significantly reduced only in girls. Exposure to passive smoking in 2017 was reduced compared to that in 2002, consistent with the significant reductions in the presence of family smokers (2002: 70.2%; 2017: 46.9%) and smoking in indoor living areas by family members (2002: 45.7%; 2017: 5.6%). Furthermore, the rate of intended future smoking was significantly lower in 2017 than in 2002 for both boys and girls (p<.001). Of 18 symptoms that can negatively affect students’ physical and mental health status, 12 were significantly reduced in 2017 compared to those in 2002. The lifestyle of children in rural Japan has improved over the past 15 years and children maintain negative attitudes toward future smoking. However, more attention to technology-related lifestyle issues, including watching television and Internet usage, is warranted.
Impact of COVID– 19 on the Psychological Health of Dental Professionals: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gohil Dilan A , Nair Richard D , Mohammadnezhad Masoud , Raman Reddy K. Venkata
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: An outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has influenced every aspect of life. Healthcare workers, especially dentists, are at a high risk of getting infected due to close contact with patients Aim: to identify factors that can affect the psychological health of dental professionals during the COVID – 19 pandemic.

METHOD: This systematic review was conducted for the full-text English articles focusing in the field of dentistry, specifically looking at the impact of COVID – 19 on the psychological health of dental professionals, from January 1st 2020 to April 1st 2021.

RESULTS: A total of 677 papers were retrieved, reduced to 136 following removal of duplicates. The abstracts were screened using the eligibility criteria, and 52 were found to match the criteria. After screening the full-text articles, 32 were excluded, resulting in a total of 20 studies. The significant findings and conclusions from these studies were extracted and grouped under themes.

CONCLUSION: The 3 major factors responsible for affecting the psychological health of dental professionals during the COVID – 19 pandemic include: fear of contagion, subjective overload, and perceived job insecurity and loss of income. There is a need for countries to enact measures that ensure positive mental wellbeing of dental professionals, so that they do not take any adverse action or decisions. Furthermore, should another pandemic or viral outbreak occur in the future, policies and strategies designed and implemented, will ensure dental professionals continue to deliver service without significant psychological distress.
Inefficiency Factors in Basic Health Care Supply in Côte d’Ivoire: A Comparative Econometric Analysis
Authors: Diarrassouba Alliou S.
Published: May 2021

The achievement of universal health coverage has put Primary Health Care back at the center of policy orientations, particularly by identifying factors likely to improve the organization of peripheral facilities. However, this objective depends on the econometric methods used, especially for cross-sectional data and small sample sizes.

This study aims to examine the sensitivity of the most usual estimation methods (Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), DEA double bootstrap, Tobit, Truncated Standard Regression) for evaluating the scores and determinants of technical inefficiency of Primary Health Care Facilities (PHCF) in Côte d’Ivoire. Estimates show average technical efficiency scores of 94.13% for the DEA versus 89.61% for the SFA and 82.24% for the DEA double bootstrap. The results also indicate a proportion of determinants of technical inefficiency, in decreasing order of importance, with the DEA double bootstrap, the SFA, truncated regression and Tobit. This technical inefficiency can be improved in policies to promote basic health care by: increasing the proportion of nurses in the medical staff, the nurse/inhabitant ratio, the adult literacy rate by region, controlling the average capacity of the PHCFs, improving their geographical accessibility and reducing the rate of extreme poverty by health region.
Understanding Nonnative University EFL Teachers’ Professional Anxiety and Their Emotion Regulation Strategies
Authors: Yang Bo
Published: May 2021

Based on an in-depth semi-structured interview method, this study explored sources of nonnative university English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ professional anxiety and relevant emotion regulation strategies in a Chinese context. Participants mostly suffered from academic promotion anxiety, followed by research anxiety, teaching anxiety, and anxiety about English language proficiency and knowledge. To overcome this negative emotion, participants adopted two families of emotion modifications: response-focused regulation strategies including coping, expressive suppression, and communication, as well as antecedent-focused regulation strategies comprising cognitive reappraisal and distraction, with the former outweighing the latter. Findings revealed the complexity of nonnative university EFL teachers’ professional anxiety and cultural differences in emotion regulation strategies.
Interrogating the Teaching and Learning of Chemistry in Nigerian Private Universities: Matters Arising
Authors: Nkiko Mojisola O.
Published: May 2021

The indispensability and vast career possibilities associated with Chemistry notwithstanding, there is a palpable growing decline enrollment in Chemistry in Nigerian universities, particularly the private universities. The paper interrogated the teaching and learning of Chemistry in Nigerian private universities with a view to re-awakening the students’ interest for effective mastery of the subject. It relied on secondary sources and critical analysis and found out that major inhibiting factors include: Students’ faulty foundation in Chemistry, syndrome of area of concentration, absence of competitiveness in the admission process, poor attitude of students and lecturers as well as the ambience for effective scholarship. The paper concluded that the current downturn in the students enrolment in Chemistry and the seemingly poor interest in the subject portend sufficient threat to the future of Chemistry, chemical-related industries and the replacement of ageing Chemistry lecturers in Nigeria. It recommended the following strategies to mitigate the vicious cycle: targeted tutorial system, adoption of digital modes of teaching and learning, problem-based learning, capacity building initiatives for Chemistry lecturers, quality assurance mechanism, overhauling science education at the primary and secondary school levels, need-based assessment and provision of quality materials as well as adequate funding.
A Mixed Analysis on the Study Habits of Middle School Students
Authors: USLU Salih , KÖRÜKCÜ Melek
Published: May 2021

This study investigated middle school students’ thoughts and attitudes towards study habits. The study employed an explanatory sequential design, which is a mixed method. The research consisted of two stages: quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative sample consisted of 205 students (116 girls and 89 boys) of a public middle school in the center of a city in the Central Anatolia Region in the 2019-2020 academic year. For the qualitative stage, fifteen students (seven girls and eight boys) were recruited from the quantitative sample using maximum variation sampling. The quantitative data were collected using the Questionnaire for Study Habits developed by Yenilmez and Özbey. Participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview form consisting of open-ended questions. The quantitative data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v. 24.0). The results showed that participants had a moderate level of study habits. Gender and grade level were not correlated with study habits. Participants with appropriate study space had better study habits. Participants associated study habits with success in the future. The results showed that the Internet, tablet, and TV had adverse impacts on study habits and positive or negative effects on parents and teachers.
Examination of Preservice Teachers’ Views on Peer Learning
Authors: IPEK Jale
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to examine the preservice teachers’ views on the process after entering Code.org and block-based programming (Scratch) training programs, which are carried out by the peer learning method. The study group of the research consists of 41 preservice teachers at the Computer Education and Instructional Technologies departments of a state university and took the Special Teaching Methods 2 course in the spring semester of the 2017-2018 academic year. Considering the criteria determined by the researcher, 7 preservice teachers were selected as educators. As students, 34 preservice teachers participated in the study. In this study, a qualitative research method was used to determine the opinions of preservice teachers on the Code.org and Scratch training programs, which are carried out by the peer learning method. As a data collection tool, the opinion form for the Code.org training programs, the structure of opinion determination on the Scratch training programs, and the personal information form were used. The total duration of the study consists of eight weeks. Data from the preservice teachers were collected weekly using data collection tools and a content analysis technique used in the analysis of the data. At the end of the study, the opinions of the preservice teachers on the study conducted with the peer learning method were determined. It can be said that preservice teacher generally has positive views on peer learning and are satisfied with the peer learning method.
ON A GENERALIZATION OF CLOSE-TO-CONVEXITY OF COMPLEX ORDER
Authors: NOOR KHALIDA INAYAT
Published: May 2021

The class $V_k$ of bounded boundary rotation is used to generalize the concept of close-to-convexity of complex order. A function $f:f(z)=z+\sum_{n=2}^\infty a_nz^n$, analytic in the unit disc $E$, belongs to $T_k(b)$, $b \neq 0$ (complex) if and only if there exists a function $g \in V_k$  such that
\[ Re\left\{1+\frac{1}{b}\left(\frac{f'(z)}{g'(z)}-1\right)\right\}>0, \quad z\in E.\]

Some basic properties, rate growth of Hankel determinant and radii problems for the functions in $T_k(b)$ are studied.
INEQUALITIES OF THE COMPLETE ELLIPTIC INTEGRALS
Authors: QI FENG , HUANG ZHENG
Published: May 2021

In this article, using Tchebycheff's integral inequality, the authors establish some estimates and inequalities for three kinds of the complete elliptic integrals.
A CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS FOR NEWTON-LIKE METHODS IN BANACH SPACE UNDER WEAK HYPOTHESES AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: ARGYROS IOANNIS K.
Published: May 2021

In this study we use Newton-like methods to approximate solutions of nonlinear equations in a Banach space setting. Most convergence results for Newton-like methods involve some type of a Lipschitz continuity condition on the Frechet-derivative of the operator involved However there are many interesting real life problems already in the literature where the operator can only satisfy a Holder continuity condition. That is why here we chose the Frcchet-derivativc of the operator involved to be only Holder continuous, which allows us to consider a wider range of problems than before. Special choices of our parameters reduce our results to earlier ones. An error analysis is also provided for our method. At the end of our study, we provide applications to show that our results apply where earlier results do not. In paricular we solve a two point boundary value problem appearing in physics in connection with the problem of bending of beams.
APPROXIMATION METHODS FOR THE SOLUTIONS OF IMPULSE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: GEORGIEVA A. , KOSTADINOV S.
Published: May 2021

In the present paper approximations for the solution of impulse differential equations by solutions of an appropriately constructed ordinary differential equations are found.
WEAK CONVERGENCE OF COMPOUND PROBABILITY MEASURES ON UNIFORM SPACES
Authors: KAWABE JUN
Published: May 2021

We obtain a convergence theorem of compound probability measures on a uniform space for a net of uniformly equicontinuous transition probabilities. This theorem contains convergence theorems of product or convolution measures. We also show that for Gaussian transition probabilities on a Hilbert spaces, our assumptions in the convergence theorem can be expressed in terms of mean and covariance functions.
EXISTENCE OF SOLUTIONS OF SECOND ORDER NEUTRAL FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: BALACHANDRAN K. , ANTHONI S. MARSHAL
Published: May 2021

Sufficient conditions for existence of mild solutions for second order neutral functional differential equations are established by using the theory of strongly continuous cosine families and the Schaefer theorem.
OSCILLATION OF SOLUTIONS OF PARABOLIC EQUATIONS OF NEUTRAL TYPE
Authors: LI WEI-NIAN , CUI BAO-TONG
Published: May 2021

Some sufficient conditions for oscillation of solutions of parabolic differential equa­ tions of neutral type arc obtained. These results are illustrated by some examples.
Efficacy of EDDY, passive ultrasonic irrigation and manual irrigation on the removal of orange-brown precipitate
Authors: İnce Yusufoğlu Selen , Keskin Neslihan Büşra
Published: May 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the different irrigation activation techniques for removing the orange-precipitate formed after irrigation with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX).

Methodology: In total, 45-single rooted extracted human teeth were prepared with the ProTaper NEXT rotary system. The roots were respectively irrigated with 5% NaOCl and 2% CHX solutions, and an orange-precipitate formed on the canal walls. The teeth were divided longitudinally, and the precipitate was evaluated with a dental operating microscope (DOM) at 16x magnification before the sections were joined. The halves of roots were then combined, and EDDY, passive ultrasonic activation (PUI) and manual irrigation (MI) techniques were applied for 1 min with 5 ml of distilled water to remove the precipitate. The halves were re-evaluated under the DOM and the residual of percentage of precipitate removed was calculated. The data were evaluated statistically by Kruskal-Wallis tests.

 Results: A residual orange-precipitate was found in all groups. Although the orange precipitate was effectively removed in the EDDY group, there was no statistically significant difference among EDDY, PUI and MI (p> 0.05).

Conclusions: None of the techniques used completely removed the orange precipitate from the root canal surfaces. Among the irrigation activation techniques, there was no superior technique for removing the orange-precipitate from the root canals. 

 

How to cite this article: İnce Yusufoglu S, Keskin NB. Efficacy of EDDY, passive ultrasonic ırrigation and manual irrigation on the removal of orange-brown precipitate. Int Dent Res 2021;11(1):1-5. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no1.1

 

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
The comparison of the efficacy of Alveogyl, 0.8% Hyaluronic acid, and 0.2% Chlorhexidine Digluconate in alveolar osteitis
Authors: Dereci Ömür , Tekin Görkem , Koşar Yasin Çağlar
Published: May 2021

Aim:  The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of Alveogyl, 0.8% hyaluronic acid (HA), and 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) gel in reducing pain and improving clinical signs and symptoms of alveolar osteitis.

Methodology: The clinical data of patients treated for alveolar osteitis between 01/01/2015 and 01/01/2019 were retrieved for this study. All patients were initially treated by curettage and physiological saline irrigation. Patients were then divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was considered the control group; no other biomaterials were administered after curettage and physiological saline irrigation. All other groups were administered an additional treatment in the socket after curettage and physiological saline irrigation (Group 1 – Alveogyl; Group 2 - 0.8% HA; Group 3 - 0.2% CHX). Patents were evaluated before surgery as well as days 3 and 7 after surgery. The postoperative evaluations included: Visual analog scale(VAS) pain scores, the presence of clinical signs and symptoms of exposed alveolar bone, disorganized blood clot, inflammation around the socket, and bad odor and taste.

Results: Sixty-seven patients were included in the study. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in all control evaluations (p>0.05). There was significantly reduced inflammation around the extraction socket on postoperative day 7 in the CHX group compared to that in the control group (p<0.05). No other significant changes in clinical signs and symptoms were observed among groups.

Conclusion: There was no significant difference between curettage with physiological saline irrigation alone and the addition of Alveogyl, 0.8% HA, or 0.2% CHX in the reduction of pain in alveolar osteitis. Nonetheless, CHX may reduce inflammation around the extraction sockets.

 

How to cite this article: Dereci Ö, Görkem T, Koşar YÇ. The comparison of the efficacy of Alveogyl, 0.8% Hyaluronic acid, and 0.2% Chlorhexidine Digluconate in alveolar osteitis. Int Dent Res 2021;11(1):6-11.

https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no1.2

 

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Examination of root canal morphology of teeth affected by Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH): Frequency of accessory canals
Authors: Özükoç Can
Published: May 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of the presence of accessory canals in the root canal of the maxillary first molar teeth affected by Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH).Methodology: A total of 12 maxillary first molar teeth affected by MIH were obtained from 10 children aged from 10 to 12 years. The frequency of the presence of accessory canals was examined by using microcomputed tomography and 3D image software. Results: Accessory canals were observed in the mesiobuccal (MB) canal in all of the samples with a statistically significant difference.(p<0.05) It was observed that the accessory canals were mostly in communication with the canals in the MB root and that furcal accessory canals were found in 10 (83.33%) teeth. The incidence of accessory canals was 75% in the distobuccal (DB) canal and it was 66.66% in the palatal (P) canal.Conclusion: The incidence of the presence of accessory canals in DB and P canals and furcation is higher in the teeth affected by MIH.

 

How to cite this article: Özükoç C. Examination of root canal morphology of teeth affected by Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH): Frequency of accessory canals. Int Dent Res 2021;11(1):12-5. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no1.3

 

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of reciprocal and conventional shaping systems and EDDY and CanalBrush activation systems in calcium hydroxide removal
Authors: Keskin Neslihan Büşra , Yusufoğlu Selen İnce
Published: May 2021

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of two preparation systems and two irrigation techniques in calcium hydroxide removal from straight root canals.

Methodology: Forty-four mandibular premolar teeth were included in this study. The teeth were filled with a calcium hydroxide-based paste and randomly divided into two different preparation groups (Reciproc 50 (R50; VDW, Munich, Germany and ProTaper Universal F5 (PTU; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). Subsequently, the groups were divided into two subgroups and irrigated using EDDY (VDW, Munich, Germany) and CanalBrush (CB; Roeko, Langenau, Germany) irrigation activation systems. The percentage of calcium hydroxide removed from the canal walls was analyzed using a dental operating microscope (DOM) at 25× magnification. An independent samples t-test, a Mann–Whitney U, Wilcoxon’s tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results: There was no significant difference in calcium hydroxide removal throughout the root canal using the R50 and PTU F5 preparation systems (P = 0.847). Both activation systems significantly increased the amount of calcium hydroxide removed from the root canal. Conclusions: EDDY and CB significantly improved calcium hydroxide removal. There was no significant difference between the R50 and PTU F5 systems in calcium hydroxide removal.

How to cite this article: Keskin NB, İnce Yusufoğlu S. Evaluation of the effectiveness of reciprocal and conventional shaping systems and EDDY and CanalBrush activation systems in calcium hydroxide removal. Int Dent Res 2021;11(1):16-22. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no1.4

 

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.