bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ustyurtiidae, a new family of Urodoidea with description of a new genus and two species from Kazakhstan, and discussion on possible affinity of Urodoidea to Schreckensteinioidea (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Kaila Lauri , Nupponen Kari , Gorbunov Pavel Yu. , Mutanen Marko , Heikkilä Maria
Published: March 2019

Ustyurtiidae Kaila, Heikkilä & Nupponen, a new family of Urodoidea is introduced. The family is based on the genus Ustyurtia Kaila, Heikkilä & Nupponen, gen. n. The genus includes the type species U. zygophyllivora Kaila, Heikkilä & Nupponen, sp. n. and U. charynica Kaila, Heikkilä & Nupponen, sp. n., both from Kazakhstan. These two species, in particular the immature stages, have morphological attributes apomorphic of Urodoidea. The close affinity is also supported by DNA data based on several markers. We consider this new family warranted due to its sister group position to the remaining Urodoidea and a number of significant morphological differences in wing venation, male genitalia and the structure of the cocoon, apomorphic for Ustyurtiidae on the basis of an earlier published phylogeny. All other recognized genera of Urodoidea belong to the family Urodidae. The closest relatives and phylogenetic position of Urodoidea are not firmly established, but Urodoidea and Schreckensteinioidea have morphological similarities which, in the light of genetic analyses appear synapomorphic and possibly uniting these groups, rather than homoplasious as assumed earlier. The affinities of these superfamilies are discussed.
The Creation and Protection of History through the Prism of International Criminal Justice in Al Mahdi
Authors: Esterling Shea Elizabeth , John-Hopkins Michael
Published: March 2019

This article examines the role that international criminal justice plays, firstly in creating history, and secondly in protecting history. With regards to the former function, history, in terms of historical truths and narratives are frequent casualties of war and so the first major thread of this discussion outlines the historiography of international criminal justice through the prism of the illustrative case of Al Mahdi before the International Criminal Court. In other words this paper aims to set out an overview of the approaches and strategies as well as the constraints within which international criminal justice develops historico-legal narratives when pursuing its primary goals of retribution and deterrence. With regards to the latter function, history, in terms of cultural heritage, may often be destroyed in order to annihilate the identity and even the existence of a people. Accordingly, the second major thread of this discussion is that when it comes to memorialising the significance of cultural property and the impact of its destruction for the benefit of our collective memory, Al Mahdi is an emblematic case. It represents a careful balance between legal pragmatism and legal principle in a context where the icc arguably has to manage greater budgetary and therefore strategic constraints than those faced by the ad hoc tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, which have been criticised as being too expensive and too expansive in responding to atrocity crimes.
Promoting the Teaching of ihl in Universities
Authors: Kuster Etienne
Published: March 2019

According to the four GCs of 1949,
1
States have to include the study of those texts within their programmes of military and civilian instruction. What role do universities play in that regard? How has the icrc supported the teaching of ihl during the past decades? What are the results achieved and the challenges faced? Which recommendations and questions can be formulated for years ahead? This piece endeavours to provide an overview of the icrc’s experience in promoting the teaching of ihl in academia worldwide.
Beyond the Enigma of the Veil: Representation of Women’s Status in Post-revolutionary Iran by Iranian–American Memoirs
Authors: Ghasemi Zeinab , Mohammad Marandi Seyed
Published: March 2019

Exilic Iranian memoirs by female writers began to emerge after the 1979 Iranian Revolution and surged after September 11, 2001. The dramatic increase in Iranian–American memoirs, which began after 9/11 signifies a complex relation between publication of this literary genre and mass consumption in a specific historical moment. The present paper offers a thematic analysis of a number of memoirs published by female Iranian–Americas in English from 1979 to 2012. Using Orientalism as a theoretical framework the study finds that Orientalist stereotypes are often used in framing and explaining events and issues related to Iranian women and sexuality under the Islamic Republic. In analyzing texts specific assumptions toward Iranian women will be questioned and discussed with occasional reference to details.
Reevaluating Sectarianism in Light of Sufi Islam
Authors: Machlis Elisheva
Published: March 2019

This study will evaluate the relationship between Sufism, ethnicity and sectarianism, through the prism of the Naqshbandiyya and Qadiriyya orders in Syria and Iraq, during the last two decades. It will demonstrate that the complex interaction between religion and politics in Iraq and Syria resulted in dynamic and even contradictory positions within these two orders in regards to questions of sectarianism and ethnicity. With the growing struggle over religious identities in the region, this research highlights the role of informal Sufi leaders in blending political participation with a mystical inclination, within a dynamic relationship with the state. This nominal Sufi inclination provided an opening for combining Islamic mysticism with other, and at times, opposing affiliations, ranging from nationalism to Jihad. As a result, some Sufi supporters showed sympathy towards Shi‘is while others tended towards a Salafi Jihadist orientation, with its exclusionist worldview. These non-affiliated Sufi voices play an important role in promoting new and diverse blends between mysticism, orthodoxy, activism and sectarianism. As a result, the historical role of Sufism as a cross-sectarian agent is maintained only in particular conditions, within a balance between the doctrines of a particular order, relations with the holders of power and ethnic membership.
Modal Decomposition of the Global Response to Tropical Heating Perturbations Resembling MJO
Authors: Kosovelj Katarina , Kucharski Fred , Molteni Franco , Žagar Nedjeljka
Published: March 2019

The paper presents four ensembles of numerical experiments that compare the response to monopole and dipole heating perturbations resembling different phases of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). The results quantify the Rossby and inertio-gravity (IG) wave response using the normal-mode function decomposition. The day 3 response is characterized by about 60% variance in the IG modes, with about 85% of it belonging to the Kelvin waves. On day 14, only 10% of the response variance is due to the Kelvin waves. Although the n = 1 Rossby mode is the main contributor to the Rossby variance at all time scales, the n > 1 Rossby modes contribute over 50% of the balanced response to the MJO heating. In the short range, dipole perturbations produce a response with the maximal variance in zonal wavenumbers k = 2–3 whereas in the medium range the response maximizes at k = 1 in all experiments. Furthermore, the medium-range response to the heating perturbation mimicking MJO phase 6 is found also over Europe.
Mechanisms of Northward-Propagating Intraseasonal Oscillation over the South China Sea during the Pre-Monsoon Period
Authors: Zheng Bin , Huang Yanyan
Published: March 2019

In the present study, the spatiotemporal structures of the northward-propagating intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) over the South China Sea (SCS) in the premonsoon period are analyzed by using the TropFlux air–sea flux and the JRA-55 reanalysis datasets. It is found that the SCS ISO is significant in the premonsoon season with a strong component of the northward propagation and that the mean state is different from that of summertime. Moreover, there are similar structures to those of a boreal summer ISO event except for the perturbation vorticity with no obvious phase leading. An internal atmospheric dynamics mechanism is proposed to understand the cause of the northward propagation of the ISO during the premonsoon period based on the spatial and temporal structures of the ISOs. The key process associated with this mechanism is the barotropic vorticity advection by the mean barotropic southerly winds, and the main barotropic vorticity around the convection center can be induced by the vertical advection of the mean vorticity. Low-level moisture convergence caused by anomalous flow is a supplementary mechanism to drive the ISOs northward during the premonsoon period, particularly over the northern SCS. In this mechanism, the SST-induced wind anomalies play a more important role than the convection-induced wind anomalies. The summer monsoon circulation has not built up during the premonsoon period, and thus the vertical wind shear effect and the barotropic vorticity effect associated with the meridional advection of baroclinic vorticity are not essential to cause the northward propagation of the ISOs over the SCS.
Contributions of SST Anomalies in the Indo-Pacific Ocean to the Interannual Variability of Tropical Cyclone Genesis Frequency over the Western North Pacific
Authors: Zhan Ruifen , Wang Yuqing , Zhao Jiuwei
Published: March 2019

This study attempts to evaluate quantitatively the contributions of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Indo-Pacific Ocean to the interannual variability of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis frequency (TCGF) over the western North Pacific (WNP). Three SST factors in the Indo-Pacific Ocean are found to play key roles in modulating the interannual variability of WNP TCGF. They are summer SST anomaly in the east Indian Ocean (EIO), the summer El Niño–Southern Oscillation Modoki index (EMI), and the spring SST gradient (SSTG) between the southwestern Pacific and the western Pacific warm pool. Results show that the three factors together can explain 72% of the total variance of WNP TCGF in the typhoon season for the period 1980–2015. Among them, the spring SSTG and the summer EIO contribute predominantly to the interannual variability of TCGF, followed by the summer EMI, with respective contributions being 39%, 38%, and 23%. Further analysis shows that the summer EMI was affected significantly by the spring SSTG and thus had a relatively lower contribution to the TCGF than the spring SSTG. In addition, a statistical model is constructed to predict the WNP TCGF in the typhoon season by a combination of the May EIO and the spring SSTG. The new model can reproduce well the observed WNP TCGF and shows an overall better skill than the ECMWF Seasonal Forecasting System 5 (SEAS5) hindcasts. This statistical model provides a good tool for seasonal prediction of WNP TCGF.
Parents in Prison and Their Minor Children: Comparisons Between State and National Estimates
Authors: Shlafer Rebecca , Duwe Grant , Hindt Lauren
Published: March 2019

To estimate the number of parents in state prisons in Minnesota, 2,242 adults completed a brief survey. More than two thirds reported having minor children. More women than men reported being a parent; over half reported living with their children before arrest. In a multivariate model, parent gender, residing with children pre-incarceration, and child age predicted interest in parenting programming. The current study yielded a higher prevalence of parental incarceration than national and other state estimates. Findings underscore the importance of documenting the prevalence of parents in prison and identifying programs and policies to address their needs.
Intimate Partner Violence Among Sexual Minorities: Predicting Police Officer Arrest Decisions
Authors: Franklin Cortney A. , Goodson Amanda , Garza Alondra D.
Published: March 2019

Intimate partner violence (IPV) among sexual minorities (SM) remains a considerable social problem. Police response to survivors can have a significant impact on recovery, case attrition, and suspect apprehension. The present study employed a 3 (sexual orientation) × 2 (physical evidence) × 2 (trauma response) between-subjects factorial design with a sample of 467 police–participant survey responses among commissioned personnel in one of the five largest U.S. cities to examine predictors of arrest in a randomly assigned hypothetical IPV vignette while considering case and participant factors. Findings revealed arrest likelihood decreased when police were presented with an SM couple. Presence of physical evidence and increased importance on police processes increased arrest likelihood. Adherence to heteronormative IPV myths decreased arrest likelihood despite couple sexual orientation. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
Further Evidence for Using Online Discussion Boards in the Classroom
Authors: Sheen Mercedes , Yekani Hajar Aman Key , Jordan Timothy R.
Published: March 2019

Recent research compared the use of case studies to online discussion boards to teach about anxiety disorders. The current study extends this research to mood disorders, reports pretest and posttest scores on four learning outcomes, and compares midterm exam scores from Fall 2016 and Fall 2017 when case studies and online discussion boards were used as supplementary learning material, respectively. The results indicate students in the discussion board condition (DBC) rated their learning outcomes significantly higher than students in the case study condition, and midterm exam scores were significantly higher for students who took part in the DBC as a learning exercise. These findings provide evidence that the usefulness of online discussion boards extends to other types of disorders and may even surpass the use of traditional case studies as a pedagogical tool when teaching about psychological disorders.
Attitudes of Turkish and Moroccan Belgians toward Redistribution and Government Responsibility: The Role of Perceived Discrimination, Generation, and Religious Involvement
Authors: Galle Jolien , Abts Koen , Swyngedouw Marc , Meuleman Bart
Published: March 2019

This article contributes to the debate about migration’s impact on welfare state support by investigating the welfare opinions of migrants and their descendants. It examines whether experiences of group and individual discrimination explain the welfare attitudes of this group over and beyond classical predictors of self-interest and political ideology. Using survey data from Belgian citizens of Turkish and Moroccan descent, we show that stronger support for redistribution is associated with higher levels of perceived group discrimination, religious involvement, and belonging to the second generation. Preferences of government responsibility, however, are strongly determined by labor market position and left-right ideology.
Catheter-directed thrombolysis vs. anticoagulation for the prevention and treatment of post-thrombotic syndrome in deep vein thrombosis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Mastoris Ioannis , Kokkinidis Damianos G , Bikakis Iosif , Archontakis-Barakakis Paraschos , Papanastasiou Christos A , Jonnalagadda Anil Kumar , Schizas Dimitrios , Bakoyiannis Christos , Palaiodimos Leonidas , Faillace Robert T
Published: March 2019

Background

Oral anticoagulation therapy was the mainstay of deep vein thrombosis treatment but recently, catheter-directed thrombolysis has emerged as an alternative.

Objective

To compare the efficacy and safety of the two strategies.

Methods

Medline, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL were reviewed. Outcomes of interest included post-thrombotic syndrome, thromboembolic events, mortality, bleeding risk and iliofemoral patency. A random effects model meta-analysis was performed. Heterogeneity was assessed with I square.

Results

Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 1005 patients met the inclusion criteria. Catheter-directed thrombolysis was more likely to prevent overall post-thrombotic syndrome compared to anticoagulation only (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.12–0.85; I2=87.2%), and to lead to iliofemoral vein patency (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.08–6.75; I2=55.3%) but no difference was noted in thromboembolic events (OR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.08–3.02, I2=55.1%), bleeding and mortality rates.

Conclusions

Catheter-directed thrombolysis can decrease post-thrombotic syndrome rates and improve iliofemoral vein patency compared to anticoagulation when used for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis.
Lidocaine safety after saphenous vein tumescent anesthesia
Authors: Wright Thomas F , Brunetti Giulietta F , Kennedy Patrick
Published: March 2019

Objectives

For endovenous thermal ablation of the saphenous veins, tumescent lidocaine anesthesia is often used. Unfortunately, information is sparse on the pharmacokinetics of lidocaine absorption and its maximum safe dose. The aim of this study was to evaluate plasma concentration of lidocaine on 12 lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) and symptoms over time after the administration of tumescent lidocaine during endovenous thermal ablation procedures in healthy volunteers.

Methods

An observational study of symptoms, 12 lead ECGs, and serum lidocaine levels were obtained following the administration of either 15 mg/kg lidocaine or 35 mg/kg lidocaine in the perivenous saphenous space under ultrasound guidance. Blood was drawn at regular intervals in heparinized tubes and spun at 3000 r/min for 10 min. The plasma lidocaine levels were plotted vs. time for statistical comparisons.

Results

With the 35 mg/kg dose, four of 11 participants developed symptoms of lidocaine toxicity at 40 min, which resolved by 180 min. The 35 mg/kg dose resulted in a mean serum lidocaine peak of 2.55 µg/ml at 60 min. The 15 mg/kg dose did not result in any symptoms of lidocaine toxicity, and it resulted in a serum lidocaine plateau of 0.85 µg/ml at 180 min. No significant changes were seen on the 12-lead ECG after the administration of lidocaine at either dose.

Conclusions

The 15 mg/kg total lidocaine dose did not cause symptoms and appears to be a safe lidocaine dosage for tumescent anesthesia for saphenous endovenous thermal ablations. The 35 mg/kg lidocaine dose is associated with lidocaine toxicity. More study on the maximal safe dose of lidocaine for endovenous thermal ablations is needed.
Safety Evaluation of Geometric Design Criteria: Horizontal Curve Radius and Side Friction Demand on Rural, Two-Lane Highways
Authors: Himes Scott , Porter Richard J. , Hamilton Ian , Donnell Eric
Published: March 2019

AASHTO’s A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, 6th Edition, provides design criteria for horizontal curve elements based on the point-mass model. The model equates the centripetal force needed to navigate a horizontal curve of a specific radius traveling at the design speed to the combination of superelevation rate and side friction needed to achieve that force. Few researchers have examined the safety impacts of horizontal curve radius, superelevation rate, and design speed through crash-based research. None of the research reviewed included the effects of design speed or superelevation rate in the crash modification factors (CMFs) or functions. This research explored these factors using a negative binomial regression modeling approach based on data collected from the SHRP 2 RID 2.0 for 889 horizontal curves on rural two-lane highways in Indiana and Pennsylvania, which resulted in roadway departure crash modification functions for horizontal curve radius and side friction demand. The crash modification function for side friction demand includes an interactive component of horizontal curve radius and speed and a direct effect of superelevation rate on roadway departure crashes. The results showed that roadway departure crashes are expected to increase for decreasing curve radius, increasing posted speed limit, and decreased superelevation rate. Furthermore, curve-related CMFs were sensitive to the curve radii used in their development. CMFs developed from curves with larger radii tended to result in larger CMFs. Sample applications are provided for computing the effects of changing the horizontal curve radius, posted speed limit, or both on proposed alternatives.
Trust and Respect at Work: Justice Antecedents and the Role of Coworker Dynamics
Authors: Nelson Jennifer L. , Hegtvedt Karen A. , Haardörfer Regine , Hayward Jennifer L.
Published: March 2019

The authors address three overlooked issues regarding the well-established organizational justice and trust relationship: how an authority’s enactment of fair outcomes, procedures, and interactions “trickles down” to the development of coworker trust; how trust and respect represent distinct interpersonal outcomes; and whether coworker dynamics mediate these relationships. Using original survey data collected at two time points from 354 high school teachers, the authors investigate justice antecedents and the mediating role of coworker dynamics using structural equation modeling. The authors find that the effects of the authority’s (i.e., principal’s) distributive and procedural justice actions on coworker trust and respect do “trickle down” and are mediated through coworkers’ collective responsibility and work communication. In contrast, principal’s interpersonal justice has no effect on coworker dynamics or interpersonal outcomes, but coworker interpersonal justice enhances these outcomes. The results of this study also provide empirical support for the conceptual distinctiveness of trust and respect in the workplace.
Priorities for Supportive Housing Services: Perspectives of People With Mental Illness in Northeastern Ontario
Authors: Montgomery Phyllis , Mossey Sharolyn , McCauley Karen
Published: March 2019

Background

Accessible, appropriate, and affordable housing is recognized as essential for the well-being of all Canadians. Securing and maintaining housing tenure for individuals living with chronic health and social challenges can be compromised without appropriate services. There has been limited research into the priorities to enhance supportive housing services from the perspective of individuals living with mental illness in smaller urban and rural communities.

Purpose

The purpose was to describe the priorities for supportive housing from the viewpoints of tenants recovering from mental illness in northeastern Ontario.

Methods

This descriptive study used Q methodology to engage 52 adults regarding their impressions about enhancing supportive housing services. Participants ranked 39 housing and support priority statements on a nine-point Likert-type scale.

Results

Four discrete viewpoints about priorities for supportive housing were building a home, letting others in, moving outside the walls, and accessing personalized services. Common across these viewpoints was the need to increase financial assistance offered through existing programs.

Conclusions

Fostering individual pathways to recovery involves mitigating health and social disparities, relative to supportive housing, one size does not fit all. Service providers and decision makers are compelled to situate each individual within an evidence-informed supportive housing system for citizenship.
Imitation and entrepreneurial learning: Insights from academic spin-offs
Authors: Baroncelli Alessandro , Landoni Matteo
Published: March 2019

The subject of this article is the inheritance of the parent university of academic spin-offs through imitation and entrepreneurial learning. Building on a capability perspective, the article adds to the literature on university spin-offs and presents insights into the academic spin-off phenomenon that may be useful in supporting academic entrepreneurship. The study is based on four universities, all located in the metropolitan area of Milan. The authors followed the start-up processes of 74 spin-off ventures over the period 2004–2013, obtaining economic data for 61 of the ventures. The analysis we carried out shows that parent universities influence the industry distribution of spin-offs, since most spin-offs showing a positive performance were concentrated in industries that (1) could benefit from the most advanced research of the parent university and (2) were those in which previous start-ups had also tended to concentrate. Thus, a focus on the parent (university)–progeny (spin-off) dyad as the unit of analysis reveals that the specific capabilities available and previous spin-off experience developed in the university play an important role in facilitating spin-off ventures and influencing new firms’ behaviour in their start-up and development phases.
‘Please could you stop the noise’: The grammar of multimodal meaning-making in Radiohead’s ‘Paranoid Android’
Authors: Neary Clara
Published: March 2019

This article uses Zbikowski’s theory of ‘musical grammar’ to analyse Radiohead’s song ‘Paranoid Android’ from their 1997 album OK Computer. Invoking the close structural and compositional parallels between language and music, Zbikowski’s approach appropriates some of the core elements of cognitive linguistics to provide a means of ‘translating’ music into meaning-bearing conceptual structures via the construction of ‘sonic analogues’, which are a type of conceptual construct formed when incoming perceptual information is compared to existing cognitive knowledge stored as image schemas. The result is an analysis of the interactions between the linguistic and aural constructions of a multimodal text that not only sheds new light on the text’s meaning-making devices, but also endeavours to unlock the strategies through which such distinctive semiotic modes act and interact within texts to create meaning potential.
Fiber Bragg grating application to study an unmanned aerial system composite wing
Authors: Gutiérrez Nicolás , Fernández Rosario , Galvín Pedro , Lasagni Fernando
Published: March 2019

Structural health monitoring consists of structural integrity assessment by means of data acquisition and analysis from on-board sensors. Fiber Bragg grating–based monitoring is increasingly attracting the scientific community working on structural health monitoring due to its multiple advantages such as electromagnetic immunity, negligible weight and size, and multiplexing availability. However, the integration of fiber optics within a structure still requires new procedures and signal treatment techniques for increasing technology reliability and exploiting its full potential. In this article, five embedded Fiber Bragg grating sensors are installed in an unmanned aerial system wing for correlating operational conditions with structural strain in real time. Sensor locations are determined by a finite element model accounting for manufacturing limitations of the fiber line. The developed Fiber Bragg grating system and processing techniques are used in static and dynamic tests showing the capacities of this powerful technology. The assessment includes deflection shape estimation, strain cycles counting, audible and visual strain alarms, aileron control based on strain levels, and structural resonance response detection.
Evaluating Complex Health Interventions With Randomized Controlled Trials: How Do We Improve the Use of Qualitative Methods?
Authors: Mannell Jenevieve , Davis Katy
Published: March 2019

Qualitative methods are underutilized in health intervention evaluation, and overshadowed by the importance placed on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This Commentary describes how innovative qualitative methods are being used as part of RCTs, drawing on articles included in a special issue of Qualitative Health Research on this topic. The articles’ insights and a review of innovative qualitative methods described in trial protocols highlights a lack of attention to structural inequalities as a causal mechanism for understanding human behavior. We situate this gap within some well-known constraints of RCT methodologies, and a discussion of alternative RCT approaches that hold promise for bringing qualitative methods center stage in intervention evaluation, including adaptive designs, pragmatic trials, and realist RCTs. To address the power hierarchies of health evaluation research, however, we argue that a fundamental shift needs to take place away from a focus on RCTs and toward studies of health interventions.
Analysis of the fatigue crack initiation of a wind turbine gear considering load sequence effect
Authors: He Haifeng , Liu Huaiju , Zhu Caichao , Wei Peitang , Tang Jinyuan
Published: March 2019

Under the action of the wind, wind turbine gears experience complex loading histories in which the amplitude of the load is varying. The variable load conditions make the load sequence and the load amplitude inverse number as important factors to be considered for gear fatigue analysis. In the present work, a damage-coupled elastic-plastic constitutive model based on the continuous damage mechanics (CDM) is established to analyze the influence of load sequence on rolling contact fatigue (RCF) crack initiation of a wind turbine gear. The crack initiation is indicated by reaching the critical threshold of the defined damage variable related to the shear stress range and the plastic strain. During repeated loading cycles, the deterioration of material is reflected by gradually reducing mechanical properties. The numerical simulation is carried out in the frame of ABAQUS using the subroutine of user defined material subroutine (UMAT). The two-level load conditions are selected and results of which are compared with those of constant amplitude load conditions. Different inverse numbers are utilized to investigate the influence of load amplitude inverse number on crack initiation life. Simulation results are compared with existing damage accumulation criteria. The results indicate that when the first crack initiates, the sum of lifetime ratio is greater than unity for the low-high load sequence, while this value is less than unity for the high-low load sequence. Furthermore, the increase of the load amplitude inverse number will weaken the influence of the load sequence with regard to the crack initiation life. The highly nonlinear characteristic of damage accumulation during fatigue process under variable loading histories is captured by the proposed method. This method provides a new way to reveal the contact fatigue process of gears under variable loading histories and lay a foundation for predicting the accurate fatigue life under the real, complex loading condition of a gear.
Abdominal Ectopic Thyroid Tissue: The Man From Istanbul
Authors: Campora Michela , Trambaiolo Antonelli Chiara , Valle Luca , Fiocca Roberto , Mastracci Luca , Grillo Federica
Published: March 2019

Thyroid ectopia is a rare finding below the diaphragm. It is characterized by normal thyroid parenchyma in unusual locations with preserved thyroid marker immunoreactivity. In this article, we present the first known case of thyroid tissue in the periappendiceal fat and discuss possible ethiopathogenic theories.
An Analysis of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 Measurement Model Using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Tabet Saundra M. , Lambie Glenn W. , Jahani Shiva , Rasoolimanesh S. Mostafa
Published: March 2019

The researchers examined the factor structure and model specifications of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) with confirmatory tetrad analysis (CTA) using partial least squares–structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with a sample of adult clients ( N = 298) receiving individual therapy at a university-based counseling research center. The CTA and PLS-SEM results identified the formative nature of the WHODAS 2.0 subscale scores, supporting an alternative measurement model of the WHODAS 2.0 scores as a second-order formative–formative model.
Using Harter and Likert Response Formats in Middle Childhood: A Comparison of Attachment Measures
Authors: Marci Tatiana , Moscardino Ughetta , Lionetti Francesca , Santona Alessandra , Altoé Gianmarco
Published: March 2019

Self-report questionnaires based on Harter’s response format (“Some kids . . . but other kids . . . ”) are commonly used in developmental and clinical research settings, but the reliability and validity of this format in middle childhood are still under debate. The current study aimed to test the psychometric proprieties of Harter versus Likert response formats as applied to two attachment questionnaires in a sample of 410 Italian children aged 8 to 10 years. Participants completed the Experiences in Close Relationships–Revised Child version ( n = 102, 4-point Likert-type scale; n = 104, adapted Harter version) and the Security Scale ( n = 95, Harter’s format; n = 109 adapted 4-point Likert version). Results of multigroup confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the two response formats exhibited comparable reliability and factorial validity, although a slight superiority of Harter’s format emerged for the Security Scale. External validity was supported for both answer formats. Implications for developmental theory and practice are discussed.
Optimization of dynamically sensitive parameters of Linke Hofmann Busch coach considering suspended equipment using design of experiment
Authors: Singh S.D. , Mathur Rakesh , Srivastava R.K.
Published: March 2019

The high speed coach running on irregular track is always accompanied by inferior comfort for the passengers. The optimal design of coach parameters improving comfort level can be achieved through response analysis. The present study is concerned with the optimization of Linke Hofmann Busch rail coach design parameters to augment comfort level. The coach body and bogie frame under four degrees of freedom are modeled with the finite element method to obtain dynamic parameters of the coach, that is, eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The sensitivity analysis based on partial derivatives against frequency response function displacement with respect to various design parameters is conducted, and most influential coach parameters are optimized through computer experimentation using central composite design and response surface methodology of design of experiment (DOE). Using modal parameters obtained as above and Indian Rail Road power spectral density of track irregularities, both vertical and lateral responses are determined at vicinity to the center mass of coach body in a 0.1– 40 Hz frequency range of interest. Results conclude that peak vertical responses occur in 0 – 10 Hz, whereas peak lateral responses fall at still lower frequency representing long wavelength irregularities of track that causes discomfort to vehicle riders. Findings of the research work embodied herein reveal that the left end bio toilet tank mass has least effect on response. Also, these findings suggest scope for further attainment in comfort level by computer experimentation for combinations of three coach design parameters (wheel base, equivalent primary, and secondary suspension stiffness) on minimizing the response level without altering the basic design of the coach model. The present paper represents a significant move forward on the dynamic analysis of coach body considering suspended equipment, sensitivity analysis through mathematical approach rather than step parametric variation, and its optimization through DOE, which have not been addressed earlier. The outcome of the paper may help rail coach designers to modify coach design parameters for better comfort level, even in the low frequency range of operation.
Predicting Complete Remission of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Machine Learning Applied to Gene Expression
Authors: Gal Ophir , Auslander Noam , Fan Yu , Meerzaman Daoud
Published: March 2019

Machine learning (ML) is a useful tool for advancing our understanding of the patterns and significance of biomedical data. Given the growing trend on the application of ML techniques in precision medicine, here we present an ML technique which predicts the likelihood of complete remission (CR) in patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, we explored the question of whether ML algorithms designed to analyze gene-expression patterns obtained through RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) can be used to accurately predict the likelihood of CR in pediatric AML patients who have received induction therapy. We employed tests of statistical significance to determine which genes were differentially expressed in the samples derived from patients who achieved CR after 2 courses of treatment and the samples taken from patients who did not benefit. We tuned classifier hyperparameters to optimize performance and used multiple methods to guide our feature selection as well as our assessment of algorithm performance. To identify the model which performed best within the context of this study, we plotted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Using the top 75 genes from the k-nearest neighbors algorithm (K-NN) model ( K = 27) yielded the best area-under-the-curve (AUC) score that we obtained: 0.84. When we finally tested the previously unseen test data set, the top 50 genes yielded the best AUC = 0.81. Pathway enrichment analysis for these 50 genes showed that the guanosine diphosphate fucose (GDP-fucose) biosynthesis pathway is the most significant with an adjusted P value = .0092, which may suggest the vital role of N-glycosylation in AML.
Entrapment Neuropathy: A Concept for Pathogenesis and Treatment of Headaches—A Narrative Review
Authors: de Ru J Alexander , Filipovic Boris , Lans Jonathan , van der Veen Erwin L , Lohuis Peter JFM
Published: March 2019

Entrapment neuropathy is a known cause of neurological disorders. In the head and neck area, this pathophysiological mechanism could be a trigger for headache. Over the last few decades, injection of botulinum toxin type A in the muscles that are causing the compression as well as surgical decompression have proved to be effective treatment methods worldwide for large numbers of patients with daily headaches. In particular the entrapment of the supraorbital nerves in the glabellar musculature and the occipital nerves in the neck musculature are triggers for headache disorders for which many patients are still seeking an effective treatment. This article reviews the literature and aims to bring the concept of neural entrapment to the attention of a wider audience. By doing so, we hope to give more exposure to an effective and relatively safe headache treatment.
Dualism and entanglement in anthropological approaches to statehood
Authors: Agudo Sanchíz Alejandro
Published: March 2019

Within the discipline of anthropology, the tension between persisting quests for ‘difference’ and historically holistic approaches to interdependence is most evident in current debates on statehood. In various ways, these debates engage with and expand political anthropology’s old concern with the articulation between different forms of politics and social organization. A latent reference point for these debates is the concept of the state as a development away from kin-based, egalitarian societies and towards rational and functional forms of rule. In this article, I examine how the diverse dualisms associated with this view travel across different scholarly settings and are used to articulate various academic and political agendas. This is illustrated by convergence between recent anthropological imaginings of ‘stateless societies’ and the explanations for political order in areas of ‘limited statehood’ sought in international relations. Nevertheless, these notions have been challenged by studies of processes within globally interrelated social histories, structured contingency and the concurrence of diverse logics of action, pointing to the entanglement of kinship, territoriality and other modes of social organization. More significantly still, these approaches provide an alternative way of theorizing dualisms, showing that the difference and autonomy they attribute to particular realms are not given, but produced through relational processes.
Theoretical study of the oxidation of formic acid on a PtPd(111) surface
Authors: Wang Ying-Ying
Published: March 2019

By performing density functional theory calculations, the adsorption configurations of formic acid and possible reaction pathway for HCOOH oxidation on PtPd(111) surface are located. Results show that CO2 is preferentially formed as the main product of the catalytic oxidation of formic acid. The formation of CO on the pure Pd surface could not possibly occur during formic acid decomposition on the PtPd(111) surface owing to the high reaction barrier. Therefore, no poisoning of catalyst would occur on the PtPd(111) surface. Our results indicate that the significantly increased catalytic activity of bimetallic PtPd catalyst towards HCOOH oxidation should be attributed to the reduction in poisoning by CO.
Effect of cerium content on textural and hydrodesulfurization performance for dibenzothiophene over a bulk Ni2P catalyst
Authors: Yu Yunwu , Liang Lianjie , Xu Changwei , Dai Yubo , Pan Wenhao , Ding Zhaoyang , Liu Yunxue
Published: March 2019

A series of ceria promoted Ni2P catalysts were prepared and evaluated in dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization steam. These catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption, CO chemisorptions, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the addition of ceria into the bulk Ni2P catalyst was conducive to the formation of the Ni2P phase and contributed to a higher surface area, leading to a better dispersion and smaller crystallite size of Ni2P particles. The CexNi2P catalysts showed higher dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization activity than Ni2P catalyst and the Ce0.09Ni2P catalyst showed the highest dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization activity. The Ce0.09Ni2P catalyst showed a dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization conversion of 94.5% at the reaction conditions of 320°C, 4.0 MPa, a H2/oil ratio of 500 (V/V), and a weight hourly space velocity of 8.0 h−1. The dibenzothiophene was mainly transformed through desulfurization pathway.
What Makes Her a Material Girl?: The Influence of Childhood Economic Background and Sex Ratio on Female Preference for Male Resource Availability
Authors: Wang Yan , Qu Yang , Hou Bowen , Tian Qian
Published: March 2019

Drawing on life history theory, this research explores the moderating role of childhood economic background in the relationship between sex ratio and the female’s mate preference for male resource availability. Using different priming materials, three experiments consistently found that women with a rich childhood economic background showed a stable level of mate preference for good resource—this applied regardless of male- or female-biased sex ratio. But females with a poor childhood economic background showed a higher level of preference for male resource availability under the condition of female-biased sex ratio (vs. the condition of male-biased sex ratio). These findings support the moderating role of female childhood economic background in the relationship between sex ratio and their mating preference of good resources.
Normative uncertainty and middle-status innovation in the US daily newspaper industry
Authors: Kim Bo Kyung
Published: March 2019

This article focuses on normatively uncertain innovations and asks when and how organizational status affects the adoption and implementation of these innovations. I argue that middle-status organizations perceive normative uncertainty more as an opportunity for gain, whereas high- and low-status organizations perceive it more as a threat of loss and competition. Consequently, middle-status organizations are likely to be the first to adopt normatively uncertain innovations and to implement them in a way that emphasizes normative uncertainty. Event history and negative binomial regression analyses of the US newspaper industry from 1993 to 2007, the period after the emergence of digital media that was normatively uncertain, support my theoretical arguments. Middle-status newspapers launched their websites faster than other newspapers did. In addition, they emphasized interactivity on the web, which could potentially change the identity of newspapers from sole news producers to facilitators.
Reshaping our world: Collaborating with children for community-based climate change action
Authors: Trott Carlie D
Published: March 2019

This paper documents a collaborative, multi-site participatory action research project in collaboration with children to act on climate change within local community settings. The project was an after-school program that combined hands-on climate change educational activities with photovoice, a participatory action research method that uses digital photography as the basis for problem identification, group dialogue, and social change action. Grounded in transformative sustainability learning theory and integrated with an arts-based participatory action research methodology, the program was designed to strengthen children’s climate change awareness and sense of agency through youth-led action projects. After describing the program, this article details the collaborative action projects designed and carried out by 10- to 12-year-olds in each community (e.g., policy advocacy, tree-planting, community garden) as well as how the program facilitated children’s constructive climate change engagement through children’s enjoyment and agentic action. The critical importance of participatory process and collaborative action in strengthening children’s sense of agency is discussed.
Prognostic Values of Platelet-Associated Indicators in Resectable Lung Cancers
Authors: Wang Jing-Jing , Wang Yin-Ling , Ge Xin-Xin , Xu Meng-Dan , Chen Kai , Wu Meng-Yao , Gong Fei-Ran , Tao Min , Wang Wen-Jie , Shou Liu-Mei , Li Wei
Published: March 2019

Background:

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. Platelet-related indictors, including platelet count, plateletcrit, mean platelet volume, and platelet distribution width, not only associate with morphology and functions of platelet but also correlate with tumor development and metastasis. In the present study, we investigated the values of platelet-related indictors in the prognosis evaluation of resectable lung cancers.

Methods:

In total, 101 patients with resectable lung cancer were recruited in this study. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the median pretreatment values. To evaluate the individual value changes after treatment, we introduced the concept of post-/pretreatment ratio (≤1 indicated value was not increased after treatment, while >1 suggested increased value).

Results:

The high pretreatment platelet count level was correlated with larger tumor size. High pretreatment plateletcrit level was associated with more lymph nodes metastasis. Patients with high pretreatment plateletcrit level had worse overall survival, whereas pretreatment platelet count, mean platelet volume, and platelet distribution width levels were not correlated with outcomes. Surgery had no impact on the values of platelet count, plateletcrit, mean platelet volume, or platelet distribution width. Adjuvant chemotherapy significantly decreased the values of platelet count and plateletcrit, whereas it had no effect on the values of mean platelet volume or platelet distribution width. Whole course of treatment (surgery combined with adjuvant chemotherapy) significantly decreased the values of platelet count and platelet distribution width, whereas it had no effect on the values of plateletcrit or mean platelet volume. Post-/pretreatment platelet count, plateletcrit, mean platelet volume, and platelet distribution width ratios were not correlated with outcomes. Univariate analyses demonstrated that American Joint Committee on Cancer stage and pretreatment plateletcrit level were significant risk factors for prognosis. Cox regression analysis revealed that no factor independently associated with worse survival.

Conclusion:

Pretreatment plateletcrit level could be a potential prognostic factor in resectable lung cancers.