bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Thomas-Fermi model to fullerene molecule and nanotube
Authors: Kornyushin Yuri
Published: November 2007

Semiclassical description, based on electrostatics and Thomas-Fermi model is applied here to calculate dimensions of the electronic shell of a fullerene molecule and a nanotube. The internal radius of the electronic shell of a fullerene molecule, calculated within the framework of the model is 0.2808 nm. The external radius is 0.4182 nm. The experimental values are 0.279 nm and 0.429 nm correspondingly. This shows that semiclassical approach provides rather good description of the dimensions of the electronic shell in a fullerene molecule. Two types of dipole oscillations in a fullerene molecule are considered and their frequencies are calculated. Similar calculations are performed for a nanotube also. For a nanotube with a radius of the cylinder of the ions, Rn = 0.7 nm, the internal radius of the electronic shell, calculated within the framework of the model is 0.577 nm. The external radius is 0.816 nm. Three types of dipole oscillations in nanotube are considered and their frequencies are calculated.
Homogeneous gas phase models of relaxation kinetics in neon afterglow
Authors: Markovic Vidosav , Gocic Sasa , Stamenkovic Suzana
Published: November 2007

The homogeneous gas phase models of relaxation kinetics (application of the gas phase effective coefficients to represent surface losses) are applied for the study of charged and neutral active particles decay in neon afterglow. The experimental data obtained by the breakdown time delay measurements as a function of the relaxation time td (?) (memory curve) is modeled in early, as well as in late afterglow. The number density decay of metastable states can explain neither the early, nor the late afterglow kinetics (memory effect), because their effective lifetimes are of the order of milliseconds and are determined by numerous collision quenching processes. The afterglow kinetics up to hundreds of milliseconds is dominated by the decay of molecular neon Ne2 + and nitrogen ions N2 + (present as impurities) and the approximate value of N2 + ambipolar diffusion coefficient is determined. After the charged particle decay, the secondary emitted electrons from the surface catalyzed excitation of nitrogen atoms on the cathode determine the breakdown time delay down to the cosmic rays and natural radioactivity level. Due to the neglecting of number density spatial profiles, the homogeneous gas phase models give only the approximate values of the corresponding coefficients, but reproduce correctly other characteristics of afterglow kinetics from simple fits to the experimental data.
Different possibilities for the formation of complexes of copper and zinc with chlorophyll inside photosynthetic organelles: Chloroplasts and thylakoids
Authors: Zvezdanovic Jelena , Markovic Dejan , Nikolic Goran
Published: November 2007

The possibility of the formation of copper and zinc complexes with chlorophyll in photosynthetic organelles (chloroplasts) and suborganelles (thylakoids) was studied. The visible and fluorescence spectra obtained from chloroplasts and thylakoids in the presence of the two metals confirmed complex formation in the case of copper, while such possibility appears to be very minor in the case of zinc. The reason for this distinction lies in the different type of complexes which chlorophyll forms with the two metals: only "central" or "substitution" copper-chlorophyll complexes may be formed inside the two isolated entities, while the formation of a possible zinc-chlorophyll "peripheral" type of complex is prevented for steric reasons. The latter fact is of high biological relevance, since both complexes may cause an irreversible impairment and damage of photosynthetic function.
Trivalent metal ion directed synthesis and characterization of macrocyclic complexes
Authors: Singh Pal , Kumar Ramesh
Published: November 2007

A novel series of complexes of the type [M(TML)X]X2, where TML is a tetradentate macrocyclic ligand, M = Cr(III), Mn(III) or Fe(III), X = Cl-, CH3COO- or ? NO3, were synthesized by template condensation of dibenzoyl and thiocarbohydrazide in the presence of trivalent metal salts in a methanolic medium. The complexes were characterized with the help of elemental analyses, conductance measurements, molecular weight determination, magnetic measurements, electronic, NMR, infrared and far infrared spectral studies. The electronic spectra together with the magnetic moments suggest five coordinate square pyramidal geometry for these complexes. The molar conductance indicates them to be 1:2 electrolytes.
Fabrication of Sio2-based microcantilevers by anisotropic chemical etching of (100) single crystal Si
Authors: Jovic Vesna , Lamovec Jelena , Popovic Mirjana , Lazic Zarko
Published: November 2007

The undercutting process of thermal SiO2 microcantilevers with different orientations on (100) Si wafer was studied. The silicon substrate was removed by anisotropic chemical etching with a 25 wt. % aqueous solution of TMAH or a 30 wt. % aqueous KOH solution at 80 ?C. It was found that [110] oriented cantilevers were undercutting frontally along the length and [100] oriented cantilevers experience undercutting along the width of the cantilever, which is a less time consuming process. The studies showed that the [100] orientation of SiO2 microbridges enables theirs fabrication on a (100) oriented Si substrate.
Lipoprotein (a): A link between thrombogenesis and atherogenesis
Authors: Vuckovic Biljana , Djeric Mirjana
Published: November 2007

Introduction It is well known that numerous mechanisms of thrombogenesis can participate in every stage of atherosclerotic disease. The discovery of Lp(a) lipoprotein and its structural similarity with plasminogen suggests another pathogenic link between atherogenesis and thrombogenesis. Some characteristics of Lp(a) lipoprotein This lipoprotein is present in the whole human population in a wide range of plasma concentrations. It has numerous different isoforms. Its synthesis occurs in the liver, but it is practically metabolically independent from other lipoproteins. Today, Lp(a) lipoprotein is considered to be an independent risk factor for heart and brain ischemic disease. Fibrinolytic mechanisms The primary role of the fibrinolytic mechanism is to prevent thrombus formation during circulation and to remove already formed ones. Plasmin has a central role in this process, due to the inactive proenzyme plasminogen. Its basic activators are tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA). The most important inhibitors of plasminogen are alpha2-antiplasmin and plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2 (PAI-1 and PAI-2). Structural similarity of Lp(a) and plasminogen The apo(a) and plasminogen genes are very closely linked on the long arm of chromosome 6. Because of that they are structuraly very similar and they have a cross immunological reactivity. Their common elements are so-called "kringle" structures. The key difference in structure of Lp(a) and plasminogen is replacement of Arg with Ser at position 560. This prevents splitting of apo(a) by plasminogen activators. Lp(a) and fibrinolysis Lp(a) lipoprotein inhibits activation of plasminogen by streptokinase. It is also a competitive inhibitor of plasminogen for its binding to plasminogen receptors. Furthermore, it successfully achieves competitive inhibition of plasminogen for binding to tetranectin and thrombospondin. Also, Lp(a) inhibits activation of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha). It positively correlates with PAI-1 and it is assumed that it promotes release of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) from endothelial cell surfaces. Conclusion In regulation of the hemostatic system via apolipoprotein(a) antifibrinolytic effects, Lp(a) lipoprotein offers a molecular solution to the link between thrombogenesis and atherogenesis.
Ultrasound screening program for chromosomal abnormalities: The first 2000 women
Authors: Novakov-Mikic Aleksandra , Potic Zoran , Pjevic Aleksandra
Published: November 2007

Introduction Screening for chromosomal abnormalities identifies the group of women at higher risk for having a fetus with chromosomal abnormalities and the need for fetal karyotyping. In order to provide high quality screening, strict criteria for certification of operators are introduced, issued by the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF), which enables annual external control of results. The aim of this study was to review the results of five-year prenatal screening for chromosomal abnormalities in Novi Sad, Serbia. Material and methods Ultrasound screening at 11-15 weeks gestation was performed, assessing fetal morphology, crowner-rump length and nuchal translucency (NT) according to the FMF guidelines. Risk for chromosomal abnormalities included the initial risk, based on maternal age, gestational age and anamnestic data, and corrected risk, which took into account the initial risk and the value of the nuchal translucency. The corrected risk was issued by the computer program issued by the FMF. Results During the period 1999 - 2004, 4580 pregnant women were scanned. The risk for chromosomal abnormality was calculated using the FMF program in 2245 cases and the outcome was known in 1406 cases. The majority of women were between 25 and 29 years of age (37%), and 12% were older than 35 years. NT was below the median in 43% of cases and above in 57%, 3.7% of cases were above the 95th centile. 89% of women were younger than 35, and the risk was reduced in 97% of cases. There were three false negative cases. In 3% of women from this group the risk was increased, out of which there were five cases of trisomy 21 and two terminations were done due to major anomalies. In the group of women over 35 years, the risk was reduced in 95% of cases and in all of them but two the karyotype was normal. In one of the two cases there was a large omphalocele and the karyotype was trisomy 18, and in the other fetus appeared normal, but after amniocentesis due to maternal anxiety, karyotype was 47, XYY. In 5% of women at higher risk there was one trisomy 21, bilateral multicystic kidneys were found in one case as well as one hydrocephalus. Conclusion Combined screening by maternal age and nuchal translucency is superior to screening by maternal age only - (sensitivity 66% vs 20%, false postive results 3% vs 15%, area under ROC 0.90 vs 0.69).
C-fos protein expression in the parietal cortex and olfactory tubercle in the hypoxic rat brain
Authors: Puskas Laslo , Puskas Nela , Babovic Sinisa , Velicki Lazar , Ivanov Dejan , Mijatov-Ukropina Ljilja
Published: November 2007

Introduction. We have attempted to identify which parts of the brain react to ischemic attack using the four-vessel occlusion model in rats. Material and methods. We have monitored the expression of c-fos protein in the parietal cortex (R3 and T3) and in the olfactory tubercle (R4 and T4), regions which are supplied with blood by different arteries. The four-vessel occlusion was performed using the Pulsinelli?s method and rats were divided into two groups: total ischemia (ligation of four blood vessels or coagulation of the vertebral artheries with bilateral ligation of carotid arteries - R group) and transient ischemic attack (ligation of four blood vessels or coagulation of the vertebral arteries with bilateral repeated ligation of carotid arteries - T group of rats, the so- called preconditioned group). Each of these groups had a control group. Results and conclusion. The results showed pronounced expression of c-fos neurons in T group of rats which can explain longer survival of neurons. We believe that this model can serve as a good starting point to developing new approaches to the therapy of brain ischemia.
Treatment of low HDL-cholesterol levels in the reduction of cardiovascular risk
Authors: Stokic Edita , Marinkov Jela
Published: November 2007

Introduction. Although reduction of LDL-C levels is a priority in the treatment of dyslipidemia, not all coronary events are prevented despite aggressive LDL-C lowering, and risk reduction can be improved by treating additional lipid abnormalities. The Framingham Study was the first to demonstrate the inverse relationship between HDL-C and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). This relationship was present at all levels of LDL-C, whereas the highest risk was associated with low HDL-C and high LDL-C. The antiatherogenic actions of HDL-cholesterol. The antiatherogenic actions of HDL-C are complex. HDL-C plays a major role in reverse cholesterol transport, mobilizing cholesterol from the periphery to the liver. In addition, cardioprotective effects of HDL-C include endothelial protection, anti-inflammatory activity, as well as antioxidant and antithrombotic effects. Treatment of low HDL cholesterol. In addition to lowering LDL-C, statins increase HDL-C by 5 to 15% by increasing apolipoprotein A-I synthesis. Fibrate therapy results in an increase in HDL-C of 10 to 25 % by activating PPAR-, which stimulates hepatic apolipoprotein A-I gene expression. Niacin is the most effective agent used for increasing HDL-C, causing increase of 15 to 35%. The side effects of niacin therapy, which is largely mediated by prostaglandins, may be minimized by the use of prolonged-release formulation of nicotinic acid. Combination therapy with HDL-raising agents, such as nicotinic acid and statin, markedly increases HDL-C, lowers LDL-C and improves the lipoproteins subclass distribution. Conclusion. New therapeutic modalities in the treatment of low HDL-C and lowering LDL-C, either in combination or as a monotherapy, may provide additional benefits in reducing CHD risk. .
The primary health care and its role in the reproduction of the population of Vojvodina
Authors: Grujic Ilija , Grujic Zorica
Published: November 2007

Introduction. The problem of depopulation has been a serious threat to the province of Vojvodina leading to changes in the age structure, decrease in working and defensive population, increase in health and social service costs. The aim of this study was to examine how to improve women's health care at primary level during prenatal, perinatal and postnatal period in order to give birth to a healthy child, preserve general and genital health and promote the ability to take care of the child and give birth to another child or children. Material and methods. The investigation included 300 patients (100 patients from each center: health centers in Temerin, Mali Idjos and Zitiste) of reproductive age. All patients completed an anonymous questionnaire with 24 questions by choosing one of the offered answers or by writing an answer where necessary - concerning the primary health care and its role in the reproduction of the population of Vojvodina. Results. Half of the investigated patients did not use contraception. 32.66% of women visited their GP to control their pregnancies; 26.33% to treat their diseases, 11.33% for contraception advice, 2.66% for treatment of infertility and 27.33% for other reasons. More than half of the polled patients thought that there was a need for improvement of the work in women's health centers. 74.66% of patients suggested education on different types of health care and family planning associated with the use of modern equipment for diagnostics (13.33%). Conclusion. The primary health care has a significant role in the process of reproduction of the population and these results point to the necessity of a more active role in the improvement of women's health, as well as in the implementation of measures in the population planning policy. .
Implications of HLA linkage disequilibrium phenomenon in finding unrelated volunteer bone marrow donors
Authors: Vojvodic Svetlana , Popovic Stevan , Macukanovic-Golubovic Lana
Published: November 2007

Introduction. The distribution of HLA genes and haplotypes in the normal population is of considerable importance in disease susceptability studies, population and genetic studies and tissue and organ transplantation. The HLA phenotype frequencies can be used for the estimation of the probability of finding phenotypically identical unrelated volunteer bone marrow donors. It has been presumed that patients with HLA haplotypes in strong linkage disequilibrium, a have higher probability of finding HLA identical unrelated donors than others. Material and methods. HLA gene and haplotype frequencies were calculated, as well as delta values and their significance. The implications of HLA disequilibrium phenomenon in unrelated donor search, was investigated by calculating the correlation coefficient between frequencies of haplotypes showing significant delta values and the linkage disequilibrium coefficient, as well as between the average number of donors necessary for research. Results. Haplotypes showing the highest delta values are at the same time the most frequent haplotypes (A1B8:0,1188 and 0,145; A3B35:0,0722 and 0,1;A2B12:0,055 and 0,105). In patients who have both haplotypes showing significant delta values (e.g. A2B5/A3B35), the number of donors necessary for research is clearly lower than in patients who have only one given haplotype, or have no such haplotypes. Conclusion. Our results showed that patients with HLA haplotypes showing significant delta values have a higher probability of finding HLA identical unrelated donors. .
Vascular access blood flow for hemodialysis: A risk factor for development of cardiovascular complications in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Petrovic Dejan , Stojimirovic Biljana
Published: November 2007

Introduction. Vascular access blood flow rate of 100-350 cm/s and between 500 and 1000 ml/min, points to normal vascular access function and adequate hemodialysis. High blood flow through the arteriovenus fistula overloads the left ventricle inducing left ventricular remodeling. Material and methods. The aim of the study was to establish the degree of correlation between blood flow through the vascular access for hemodialysis and echocardiographic parameters for the assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricular dilatation and left ventricular function. The research included 115 patients (M:F 71:44), average age 53.30?12.17 years, average length of dialysis 4.51 ? 4.01 years and average Kt/Vsp index 1.17?0.23. Results. The average blood flow through the vascular access for hemodialysis was 662.27?301.59 ml/min, EDDLV 54.52?6.42 mm, and EDVi 100.80?34.62 ml/m2. There is a statistically significant positive correlation between blood flow through vascular access for hemodialysis and EDDLV and EDVi. Conclusion. High blood flow through the vascular access for hemodialysis is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular complications in patients on hemodialysis. .
Surgical treatment of a giant extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysm: A case report
Authors: Pasternak Janko , Popovic Vladan , Vukobratov Vladimir , Horvat Zoltan , Pfau Jovan , Obradovic Jovan
Published: November 2007

Introduction. True aneurysms of the extracranial internal carotid artery are rare lesions. Surgical treatment is considered to be the best therapeutic option. However, the use of the intraluminal shunt remains controversial. Case report. We reported a case of a giant extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysm treated by reconstructive surgery. A 76-year-old woman was referred with a pulsatile mass inside her mouth, associated with dizziness and dysarthria. There was no history of cerebrovascular symptoms, neck pain, or cervical trauma. A magnetic resonance scan showed a 45 mm aneurysm of the internal carotid artery (ICA), and kinking of ICA. Angiography demonstrated a saccular ICA aneurysm, with a lengthening and tortuosity of the ICA. The aneurysm and the carotid artery branches were easily exposed through a standard anterior cervical incision. After resection of the aneurysm, a Javid shunt was inserted between the common and internal carotid arteries, and end-to-end repair of ICA was easily performed due to ICA redundancy. The aneurysm was of atherosclerotic origin. Four months after the operation, the patient showed a complete recovery from peripheral neurological deficit. Discussion. Our results show that surgical reconstruction is a satisfactory therapeutic choice in the management of extracranial carotid artery aneurysms in order to avoid rupture, thromboembolism and cerebrovascular insufficiency. To date, there has been little experience with endoluminal exclusion techniques and the long-term effectiveness is still uncertain. .
Congenital hairy polyp of the nasopharynx: A case report
Authors: Baljosevic Ivan , Minic Predrag , Djuricic Slavisa , Subarevic Vladan
Published: November 2007

Introduction. Hairy polyps are very rare benign tumors that can occur anywhere in the body, and they are the most common congenital nasopharyngeal masses. Case report. A two-day-old full-term female was admitted to the newborn Special Care Unit with noisy breathing, intermittent upper airway obstruction and feeding difficulty. A 3.4 kg infant was born by spontaneous vaginal delivery to a healthy mother, following a normal pregnancy. On admission, she presented with noisy inspiratory breathing which was louder and more labored in prone position. Flexible endoscopy showed a pale sausage-like mass protruding from nasopharynx just behind the soft palate, to the oropharynx and back. A computed tomography scan showed a 1.8 cm round mass in the right nasopharynx, with central fat density and no intracranial communication. The mass was excised transorally with no evidence of a residual tumor. The infant made a full and uneventful postoperative recovery. Discussion. Hairy polyps usually occur as isolated defects and they are not associated with other congenital anomalies. Genetic predisposition has not been established. It does not have malignant alteration. However, there is some confusion about the histological classification of these lesions. One theory supports the idea that hairy polyps originate from disturbed development of stomodeum in the 28th week of gestation and regression of the nasopharyngeal membrane. The second theory supports the idea of origin from the first or second bronchial arch. Probably the best assumption would be that it develops as a special and unique entity. Conclusion. Hairy polyp is an unusual malformation that most frequently appears during the first days after birth. Complete resection provides permanent cure. .
The impact of physical therapy on the quality of life of patients with rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Mustur Dusan , Vujasinovic-Stupar Nada
Published: November 2007

Introduction: This open, uncontrolled study examined the effects of physical therapy and rehabilitation on the quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Material and methods: The study included a total of 109 patients (69 with RA and 40 with PsA). Patients came from Norway for a four-week rehabilitation period at the Institute of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation & Rheumatology - Igalo from June till October, 2003. This was a self-controlled, pretest/posttest study. All patients had six days of physical therapy per week, during a four-week stay, which made a total of 24 therapy days. Basic therapy included mud packs/baths, kinesitherapy, hydrokinesitherapy and electrotherapy with analgesic effects. Quality of Life measurements were conducted two times (on admission and discharge) using questionnaire EuroQoL (EQ-5D). The research also included evaluation of ACR improvement. Results: Pain/disability scale and the well being scale showed that quality of life in patients with PsA was significantly lower in comparison with RA patients. However, after 4 weeks, quality of life was much better in most dimensions of the EuroQoL questionnaire. Patients showed no improvement in self-care activities (in both groups) and daily activities (in group with PsA). Significant improvement was measured also in ACR improvement criteria (around 30%). Conclusions: Physical therapy at the Igalo Institute and good climate conditions have significantly improved the Health-Related-Quality-of-Life in both groups of patients. ACR index showed great improvement after a four-week rehabilitation period.
Medico-legal aspects of hysterectomy
Authors: Jakovljevic Branislava , Segedi Dimitrije , Mujovic-Zornic Hajrija
Published: November 2007

Introduction: Understanding the lawful implementations of surgical procedures, such as hysterectomy, raises practical questions concerning legal relations between a doctor and his patient, and consequences of this relationship, which may be legally relevant. The modern legal theory and practice consider doctors and patients to be partners. Consent and Information: Medical practitioners performing surgical procedures are obliged to obtain informed consent. They are also required to inform their patients about indications, course of the operative procedure, postoperative treatment, possible complications during and after the procedure, and quality of life after the operation. Informed conversation should take into account the age, mental status and patient's intellectual abilities. Legal consequences of surgical procedures Malpractice litigation mostly concers medical error and negligence. Medical errors should not be confused with ineffective outcome, or complicated postoperative course. Even if the surgical procedure was followed correctly and uneventful outcome took place, there might be some problems. Conclusion: A patient has a right to receive complete information from a physician about the specific nature of a proposed treatment. A physician has an obligation to elucidate and justify treatment he proposes. Certain codification of all operative procedures may facilitate this task. Codification instructions about procedures, in this case hysterectomy, must include indications for a certain type of hysterectomy (subtotal, total, radical), as well as for the operative technique (abdominal, vaginal, laparoscopic). Patient information brochures should be available in print, and include information about indications and potential risks associated with the proposed surgical procedure. In this way, it is possible to prevent the inconveniencies which may arise from insufficient knowledge and information about surgical procedures.
The significance of coronary collateral circulation in the preservation of myocardial function
Authors: Ivanovic Vladimir , Jelkic Nikola , Bikicki Miroslav , Petrovic Milovan , Canji Tibor , Srdanovic Ilija
Published: November 2007

Introduction: After occlusion or subocclusion of the blood vessels, myocardial perfusion is maintained through the collateral vessels. There are two mechanisms of vessel formation: arteriogenesis and angiogenesis. The term arteriogenesis describes the growth of the existing collaterals into mature arteries. On the other hand, angiogenesis, is a process of developing new blood vessels from the preexisting ones. Collateral blood vessels have many functional roles. If they are adequately developed, they can protect the myocardium from ischemic injury. Even when a total occlusion develops, regional left ventricular motility is better in segments with developed collateral circulation. In patients with well-developed collaterals, who experience coronary artery occlusion, often there is no evidence of myocardial infarction in the area of the occluded artery. Well-developed collaterals reduce the risk of unstable cardiac events. Case report A case of right coronary artery occlusion with good collateral circulation and preserved myocardial left ventricular motility is presented. After coronary stent implantation, the patient was asymptomatic, and the maximal stress test for myocardial ischemia was negative. Conclusion: Despite coronary vessel occlusion, collateral blood flow maintains the pump function of the left ventricle.
Leiomyomas and massive digestive hemorrhages: Case reports of patients diagnosed in 2004
Authors: Golubovic Gradimir , Celeketic Dusica , Kiurski Milosav , Tomasevic Ratko , Stankovic Dragana , Pavlovic Aleksandar
Published: November 2007

Introduction: During 2004, there were 6 patients with leiomyomas diagnosed and treated at the Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Pathology of the Zemun Clinical Center. The most common location of these benign submucosal tumors is stomach, followed by small intestine and large intestine. Case report: The most common symptoms of these patients were massive intestinal hemorrhage, with haematemesis and melaena. Hemorrhages resulted from superficial lesions, caused by pressure of the tumour on the intestinal blood vessels. A significant contribution in reaching the final diagnosis and selecting appropriate therapeutic approach was provided by CT and arteriography. Most patients underwent surgical treatment, which provided precise diagnosis (based on histopathological findings), and at the same time a definite therapeutic procedure. Discussion and conclusion: According to the literature data, gastrointestinal leiomyomas account for 20%-30% of all types of gastrointestinal tumors. Our research revealed that the incidence of leiomyomas was significantly lower within our group of patients, accounting for 12% of all benign gastrointestinal tumors. They were also the main cause of hemodynamic instability in our patients having massive and recurrent intestinal hemorrhages, which is not often seen in practice. All of them originated either from muscularis propria or muscularis mucosae. These tumors are often an accidental finding at autopsy, especially if they are smaller than 3 centimeters and not followed by consequential complications. Presently, endoscopic ultrasonography is considered to be the the most accurate procedure in the diagnosis of leiomyoma, with a diagnostic specificity that is superior to other imaging techniques.
Prognostic value of dobutamine stress echocardiography in patients with terminal renal insufficiency undergoing hemodialysis: A 5-year follow up
Authors: Krotin Mirjana , Vukovic Dejana , Stojanovic Olivera , Milovanovic Branislav , Celeketic Dusica , Blagojevic Radmila
Published: November 2007

Introduction. Patients with end-stage renal failure have high morbidity and mortality rates due to cardiovascular complications. Screening for coronary heart disease in these patients is of utmost importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of the dobutamine test in patients on hemodyalisis during a 5-year follow-up period. Material and methods. During the pretransplantation period, 24 patients on chronic hemodialysis underwent echocardiography and dobutamine echocardiography. The average age of patients was 51.50?7.35 years. The mean duration of dialysis was 74?40 months. Results. The dobutamine stress test was positive in 50% of patients, and undefined in 12.5%. The wall motion score index before the test was 1, and after the test it was 1.54?0.27. There were no serious complications. Left ventricular mass, diastolic and systolic dimension and posterior wall were significantly higher in patients with positive dobutamine stress results and they were associated with late cardiac morbidity and mortality. Five-year survival in patients with positive dobutamine stress results was 33.3% and 52.3% in patients with negative dobutamine results. Causes of mortality were as follows: cardiac 45.4%, cerebrovascular 18.1%, other causes 36.4%. Cardiogical complications were not the cause of death in any of the patients with negative dobutamine results. In dobutamine positive group 62.5% died from cardiological complications. During the 5-year period, cardiac death and manifest coronary disease occurred in 75% of patients with positive dobutamine stress results and only in one patient with negative dobutamine results. Sensitivity was 75%, specificity 89% and positive predictive value 90%. Conclusion. Dobutamine stress echocardiography has a good predictive value for future cardiac events in hemodyalisis patients, and in screening for coronary disease. .
The cardio-renal anemia syndrome
Authors: Dimkovic Sinisa , Dimkovic Nada
Published: November 2007

Introduction. The problem of anemia in congestive heart failure and chronic kidney disease was thought to be insignificant for a long period of time. Recent investigations pointed out that the problem of anemia should be defined in the context of the cardio-renal anemia syndrome. A positive feedback mechanism indicates that cardio-renal anemia syndrome is due to an interaction between congestive heart failure, chronic renal failure and anemia. The aim of the study was to present the possible pathophysiological mechanisms of this syndrome, epidemiological characteristics and therapeutic results of the former investigations. Results. The results of the retrospective and prospective controlled trails have shown that management of anemia with subcutaneous administration of recombinant human erythropoietin together with intravenous iron infusion for at least 3-6 months lead to: relief of symptoms (improved NYHA functional class); increased left ventricular ejection fraction; reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; reduced number of rehospitalizations; reduced requirements for usual therapeutic agents (especially diuretics); and improved renal function. Conclusion. In patients with heart and kidney disease anemia should be routinely identified and appropriately treated. Subcutaneous recombinant erythropoietin and intravenous iron may significantly improve overall survival and quality of life of these patients. .
The role of virus infections in the pathogenesis of type I diabetes: A case report
Authors: Katona-Djurekovic Aniko
Published: November 2007

Introduction. Coxsackie and mumps viruses are nowadays known to be pancreatropic viruses. However, the development of insulitis after viral infection is related to the genetic factor. Type I diabetes shows an association with the HLA antigens. HLA antigens are involved in cellular immune response and in the regulation of T-cell activation. Case report. A female patient, 23 years of age, was admitted to the Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders. The onset of diabetes was preceded by recurrent viral infections. Her blood glucose levels oscillated, and HbA1c was 7.9%. The presence of IgM antibodies to Coxsackie virus was detected (titer 320 m/ml). Conclusion. Each viral infection, especially in young people, should be taken seriously, and bed rest should be advised with symptomatic therapy. If we deal with patients with positive family history of diabetes, serum analysis should be performed for pancreatropic viruses, as well as follow up for several months checking the possible onset of diabetes.
Structural and ferroelectrical properties of bismuth titanate ceramic powders prepared by mechanically assisted synthesis
Authors: Lazarevic Z.Z. , Romcevic N.Z. , Todorovic M. , Stojanovic B.D.
Published: November 2007

Nanosized bismuth titanate, Bi4Ti3O12, was prepared via a high-energy ball milling process through mechanically assisted synthesis directly from the oxide mixture of Bi2O3 and TiO2. The Bi4Ti3O12 phase started to form after 1 h of milling. With increasing the milling time from 3 to 12 h, the particle size of formed Bi4Ti3O12 did not reduce significantly. The grain size was less than 16 nm and showed a strong tendency to agglomeration. The nucleation and phase formation of Bi4Ti3O12, crystal structure, microstructure, powder grain size and specific surface area were followed by XRD, Rietveld refinement analysis, SEM and the BET specific surface area measurements. Raman spectroscopy was used to explain the structural properties of Bi4Ti3O12 powder, prepared by mechanically assisted synthesis. Reduction in grain size with the increase of milling time was also noted (change in the position and relative intensity), which indicated changes in the structure, caused by nanodimension grains. The sample milled for 12 h and subsequently sintered at 1000?C for 24 h exhibited a hysteresis loop, confirming that the synthesized material possesses ferroelectric properties. .
Methods of characterization of multiphase Nd-Fe-B melt-spun alloys
Authors: Grujic A. , Cosovic V. , Stajic-Trosic J. , Maricic A. , Talijan N.
Published: November 2007

Nanocomposite permanent magnetic materials based on Nd-Fe-B alloys with a low Nd content are a new type of permanent magnetic material. The microstructure of these nanocomposite permanent magnets is composed of a mixture of magnetically soft and hard phases providing the so called exchange coupling effect. Beside the optimization process parameters, methods of characterization have a very important role in the design of an optimal magnetic matrix of multiphase melt-spun Nd-Fe-B alloys. Different methods and techniques of characterization were used for observation and study of the microstructure evolution during crystallization. A summary results of measurements using different methods of characterization are presented to enable a better insight into relations between the microstructure and magnetic properties of the investigated melt-spun Nd-Fe-B alloys. .
Lusodescendant : le terme en questions
Authors: De la Barre Jorge
Published: November 2007

Cet article propose une réflexion sur le terme de « lusodescendant », en partant de la distinction nécessaire entre l'expression en tant que telle et ses différents usages contextuels. Il tente d'en retracer l'évolution récente, à partir de l'emploi qui en est fait aux niveaux endogène et exogène. Est notamment questionnée la dimension identitaire du vocable lorsqu'il devient un instrument d'affirmation de la part de jeunes issus de l'émigration portugaise engagés dans des pratiques associatives. Si le terme fait dans d'autres cas l'objet de critiques, son succès relatif depuis le milieu des années 1990 renverrait à une tendance au renforcement des liens politiques et symboliques entre le Portugal et ses Communautés, à l'heure de l'intégration européenne.
Discours d'appartenance, pratiques d'inscriptions sociales et territoriales : des descendants de migrants portugais de France
Authors: Strijdhorst dos Santos Irène
Published: November 2007

A análise da regulação discursiva do termo lusodescendente, utilizado em areas muito especificas e circunscritas, faz sobressair os diversos graus de pertença à nação portuguesa e interroga sobre o lugar e os modelos de representação que a sociedade portuguesa consagra ao emigrante e seus descendentes. A apropriação e as utilizações do termo, por parte dos interessados, reflectem uma imagem construida de Portugal e sua cultura, à qual se identificam, mas são também indicios do seu posicionamento, como descendentes de imigrantes Portugueses, no seio da sociedade fran- cesa. A restituição de experiências migratórias provenientes de um corpus etnografïco, levam a autora a debruçar-se sobre as inscriçôes sociais e territoriais de jovens franco-portugueses nas duas sociedades de referencia.
La saudade des jeunes et la modernité des vieux : constructions culturelles de la ressemblance et de la différence chez les migrants portugais et les luso-descendants de São Paulo
Authors: Caetano Da Silva Eduardo
Published: November 2007

Este artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa realizada desde 1997 junto aos migrantes Portugueses e luso-descendentes da cidade de São Paulo. Prétende analisar as idéias de lusodescendência e luso- bras ilidade, bem como suas conexôes com distintos discursos identitários e projetos de continuidade ou renovaçào de associaçôes migrantes de São Paulo. De forma resumida, apresenta indicativos para refletir sobre as formas pelas quais os jovens são incluidos ou excluidos tanto do mundo associativo luso de São Paulo, quanto das politicas do governo português. Tais processos são abordados num contexto em que se delineiam claramente investimentos do governo e das associações para a indusào de luso-descendentes, vistos como uma das formas de modernizar a imagem de Portugal. Os descompassos entre as expectativas e os interesses dos grupos envolvidos (governos, associaçôes e luso-descendentes) entâo se manifestam, muitas vezes, gerando situações conflituosas.
The effects of affect and input source on flashbulb memories
Authors: Bohannon John Neil , Gratz Sami , Cross Victoria Symons
Published: November 2007

Flashbulb memories of shocking news (Challenger Explosion, death of Princess Diana, Pearl Harbour and Iraq bombings) were employed to test two hypotheses: encoding emotion enhances memory and how one gets the shocking news will help determine the nature of what is recalled. Different groups of subjects (Total = 2405) remembered their discoveries at delays ranging from 2 weeks to 50 years on three memory measures: a free and probed recall test of their flashbulb discovery, and a probed recall of the facts concerning the events themselves. Subjects were grouped according to the source of their discovery (Media vs. Person), affect at encoding (calm vs. upset) and recounts (few vs. many). The results indicated that how one learns of shocking news determined the type and extent of the resultant memory. ‘Media’ subjects remembered more facts whereas ‘person’ subjects recalled more of their personal discoveries regardless of the initial flashbulb inspiring event. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic‐Kinetic Determination of Silver(I) Using Hexacyanoferrate(II) and 2,4,6‐Tripyridyl‐1,3,5‐Triazine(TPTZ)
Authors: Reddy K.P.P.R. Mohan , Chowdary P. Govind , Reddy V. Krishna , Reddy P. Raveendra
Published: November 2007

A highly sensitive and selective kinetic spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of silver in nanogram quantities. The method is based on catalytic activity of silver(I) in enhancing the green colour formation between potassium ferrocyanide and 2,4,6‐tripyridyl‐1,3,5‐triazine (TPTZ) which is otherwise a very slow reaction at pH 2.0. The absorbance spectrum of the green coloured solution in presence of silver showed two peaks of almost equal intensity one at 405 nm and another at 600 nm. At both the wavelengths the absorbance of the experimental solution increased proportionally with the amount of silver(I) in the range 5 – 410 ng mL‐1 and 10 – 610 ng mL‐1 respectively. Other experimental conditions like pH, reagent concentration, ferrocyanide concentration and effect of time for obtaining maximum reaction rate were optimized. The molar absorptivity, Sandell's sensitivity, detection limit, determination limit and relative standard deviation (n = 8) were determined as 1.57 × 106 L mol‐1 cm‐1, 0.065 ng cm‐2, 1.6 ng mL‐1, 4.8 ng mL‐1 and 0.81 % respectively. The effect of various diverse ions on the determination of silver was studied. The method was applied for the determination of silver in alloys, biological samples, effluents, real water and in ayurvedic medicines.
A Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing
Authors: Zheng Cai‐yun , Chen Shui‐hong , Shang Yong‐jia , Li Mao‐guo
Published: November 2007

In this paper, 4‐ferrocenyl benzoic acid (FcBA) was synthesized and the electrochemical behaviors of the synthesized ferrocenyl derivative were studied; Then, the multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated FcBA modified glassy carbon (MWCNTs/FcBA/GC) electrode was prepared conveniently and the as‐prepared modified electrode was characterized with both electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results suggested that FcBA could coat the MWCNTs tightly in dimethylformamide (DMF) and the coated MWCNTs could be strongly adsorbed on the surface of glass carbon (GC) electrode. The MWCNTs/FcBA/GC electrode exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. The modifiedelectrode was hence used for the determination of hydrogen peroxide by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The linear range of the modified electrode was 2.5×10‐6 and 5.0×10‐4 mol/l, and the detection limit was estimated to be of 4.8×10‐7 mol/l when the signal‐to‐noise ratio was 3. Further studies indicated that the modified electrode was of a fast response, high sensitivity, good reproducibility, and long‐term stability.
Characterization of Activated Carbon and Application of Copper Removal from Drinking Water
Authors: Kalpakli Yasemen Kutmen , Koyuncu İkbal
Published: November 2007

In this study, removal of copper ions from aqueous solution by adsorption was investigated. The methods were applied to removal of copper in artificial water and drinking water samples using activated carbon. For this purpose, metal removal from water depends on the pH, initial concentration of metal, amount of activated carbon, and effect of sorption time were investigated. The process parameters were investigated with batch studies. In this study, commercial activated carbon, Chemviron C‐1300, has been used. Granular activated carbon were characterized using nitrogen porosimetry, pH titration, Boehm's titration, mercury porosimetry, FTIR and scanning electron microscope measurements. The copper ions were determined by an atomic absorption spectrometry. Optimum conditions were found as concentration of 10 mg l‐1, pH: 5, contact time:25 min, and activated carbon amount:750 mg. Optimum condition were applied to drinking water for removal of Cu(II). Furthermore, adsorption isotherm data were fitted to both Langmuir and Freundlich models for finding the optimum conditions.
Reticulocyte hemoglobin content
Authors: Mast Alan E. , Blinder Morey A. , Dietzen Dennis J.
Published: November 2007

Under normal conditions, reticulocytes are the youngest erythrocytes released from the bone marrow into circulating blood. They mature for 1–3 days within the bone marrow and circulate for 1–2 days before becoming mature erythrocytes. Measurement of cellular hemoglobin concentration has long been reported by automated hematology analyzers as one of the red blood cell indices. The reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr or Ret‐He) provides an indirect measure of the functional iron available for new red blood cell production over the previous 3–4 days. Measurement of reticulocyte hemoglobin content in peripheral blood samples is useful for diagnosis of iron deficiency in adults (Mast et al., Blood 2002;99:1489–1491) and children (Brugnara et al., JAMA 1999;281:2225–2230; Ullrich et al., JAMA 2005;294:924–930; Bakr and Sarette, Eur J Pediatr 2006;165:442–445). It provides an early measure of the response to iron therapy increasing within 2–4 days of the initiation of intravenous iron therapy (Brugnara et al., Blood 1994;83:3100–3101). Sequential measurements of reticulocyte hemoglobin content in patients with iron deficiency anemia provide a rapid means for assessing the erythropoietic response to iron replacement therapy (Brugnara et al., Blood 1994;83:3100–3101). It is also an early indicator or iron‐restricted erythropoiesis in patients receiving erythropoietin therapy (Fishbane et al., Kidney Int 1997;52:217–222; Fishbane et al., Kidney Int 2001;60:2406–2411; Mittman et al., Am J Kidney Dis 1997;30:912–922; Tsuchiya et al., Clin Nephrol 2003;59:115–123; Chuang et al., Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003;18:370–377). Thus, reticulocyte hemoglobin content is a recent addition to an expanding list of biomarkers that can be used to differentiate iron deficiency from other causes of anemia. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.