bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Recent Progress on Core Shell Nanostructures of Colossal Permittivity Materials for Capacitors: Synthesis and Dielectric Properties
Authors: Autret-Lambert Cécile , Merad Samir , De Almeida-Didry Sonia , Motret Olivier , Gervais François
Published: November 2023

Dielectric materials with colossal permittivity show promise for the development and miniaturization of high-performance capacitors. CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) improvement for multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) has been achieved. CCTO shows a large ε′ of ∼104 over a temperature range. This behavior is due to a potential barrier at the grain boundaries (GBs). CCTO ceramics have an electrically heterogeneous microstructure with semi-conducting grains and more insulating GBs, analyzed by an internal barrier layer capacitor (IBLC) structure model. Therefore, the dielectric properties of these materials can be improved by changing the electrical properties of the grains and GBs. In this context, core-shell approaches to control the GBs have been developed. This chapter presents advanced synthesis techniques (by chemistry way but also by cold plasma) to design the dielectric grains of CCTO by shells of different nature, morphology and crystallinity and shows the impact on the macroscopic properties.
Molecular Selection Tools in Adaptive Phenology of Populus trichocarpa Breeds for the Nordic-Baltic Region
Authors: Adler Anneli , Karacic Almir , Apuli Rami-Petteri , Rönnberg Wästljung Ann-Christin , Hertzberg Magnus , Weih Martin , K. Ingvarsson Pär
Published: November 2023

Fast-growing poplars have the potential to improve the biomass supply required for the transition to bio-based economies in the Nordic-Baltic region. As early successional trees, poplars are efficient biomass producers in relatively short rotations, when high-yielding, climate-adapted clones are available for commercial deployment. In Sweden, poplar breeding focused on adapting Populus trichocarpa to the Swedish climate by crossing parents from distant populations along latitudinal and maritime-continental clines on the Pacific coast of North America. Clonal trials with progeny from these crosses were established in the Nordic-Baltic region. Elite individuals in terms of stemwood production were used to identify candidate genes for adaptation to local photoperiod and climate in the region. The next breeding cycle utilized the elite individuals in the clonal trials to generate a training population. Genomic selection of the progeny in the training population will facilitate early selection of poplar clones for commercial deployment in the Nordic-Baltic region and reduce the time required for successive plant breeding cycles.
Application of Electrophoresis in Single-Cell Analysis by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Li Hui , Xu Jiaquan
Published: November 2023

The cell serves as the fundamental building block of life, yet it operates as an extremely sophisticated chemical system. Single-cell analysis holds the potential to provide novel insights into cellular heterogeneity and their corresponding subpopulations at the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a label-free technique that enables the multiplexed analysis of proteins, peptides, lipids, and metabolites in individual cells. By now, the application of electrophoresis in single-cell analysis by MS has become widespread. In this chapter, we will summarize the recent application advancements of electrophoresis in single-cell analysis by MS, with a particular focus on sampling, separation, and ionization. Additionally, we will discuss potential future research directions for utilizing electrophoresis in single-cell analysis by MS.
Pathophysiology-Oriented Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: 10 Case Reports
Authors: Nováková Noemi , Nezval Martin , Molnárová Viktória
Published: November 2023

The effects of pathophysiology-oriented treatment using metformin and/or insulin analogs and/or incretin GLP-1 receptor agonists and/or dapagliflozin and/or pioglitazone were individually evaluated in ten people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at an urban diabetes center. Some of them had microangiopathy and/or neuropathy and/or nephropathy. The observation period ranged from 2 to 12 years. Treatment efficiency was estimated according to changes in HbA1c, body mass, insulin dose per day, blood pressure, lipoproteins, albuminuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and general clinical condition. The results suggest that adequate education, early implementation of self-monitoring of capillary plasma glucose (SMPG)/continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and long-term carefully selected/combined medication (see above) appears to result in improved metabolic control and enhanced quality of life for people with T2D.
Optimising Language Learning for Students with ADHD: Strategies for Cultivating Attentional Mechanisms
Authors: Mohebbi Ahmadreza
Published: November 2023

This chapter examines the critical role of attentional mechanisms in language learning, particularly in the context of students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Attention profoundly influences language comprehension and production, significantly affecting language learning outcomes. Drawing from current research, the chapter explores the cognitive and neural aspects of attention in language processing, emphasising its impact on language development in students with ADHD. This chapter also offers practical strategies for educators, including explicit instruction, guided practice, scaffolded support, skill integration, metacognitive awareness and differentiated instruction tailored to these learners’ unique needs. It highlights the importance of considering students with ADHD in language learning contexts. Incorporating attentional mechanisms into language instruction can enhance language proficiency, vocabulary acquisition and metalinguistic awareness in this specific group. The chapter concludes by advocating for ongoing research and collaboration to refine pedagogical approaches that promote attentional skills in students with ADHD, ultimately improving language learning outcomes.
The Source Rupture Models and Seismogenic Structures of the Iran 2017 MW 7.3 Earthquake
Authors: Ma Shutian , Asgharzadeh Parisa , Motazedian Dariush
Published: November 2023

The 12 November 2017 MW 7.3 Iran earthquake was further studied. By analyzing Rayleigh-wave dispersion data, crustal models in the surrounding of the epicenter were obtained. It was found that there are high-velocity layers over a low-velocity zone. Using the obtained crustal models and a grid search procedure, the initial rupture depth of about 16.4 km and the rupture propagation velocity of about 1.62 km/s were retrieved. The source rupture models were established using the obtained rupture initial depth and the rupture velocity. The key features are as follows: The earthquake occurred on a shallow dip-angle fault, with ruptures spanning high-velocity layers in a depth range of approximately 7–25 km. A noteworthy observation from comparing crustal and rupture models is the existence of a low-velocity zone (layers) beneath the major rupture region (below about 25 km). It was realized that the seismogenic structure of this earthquake showed that high-velocity layers lay a low-velocity zone in the Zagros mountain seismic belt.
Perspective Chapter: Listening, Learning and Community-building – A Faculty Peer Mentor Program Comes of Age
Authors: E. Clemans Shantih
Published: November 2023

Social work faculty roles are complex and multi-faceted, characterized by both satisfaction and challenge. In the post-COVID landscape, new faculty members in particular experience physical and existential isolation and uncertainty; realities that impact their experiences as members of their academic communities. This chapter discusses the practice and research implications of a learner-centered peer mentor program—now in its third year--in which new faculty are paired with more experienced faculty volunteers (from various disciplines). The Peer Mentor Program is an integral part of new faculty orientation, a year-long effort. Mentorship “pairs” have flexibility to create relationships that meet their specific interests and needs. Moreover, the value of reciprocity and mutual aid is built into the program: peer mentors learn from new faculty and new faculty learn from peer mentors. An additional core element of the program is the virtual group check-ins with peer mentor volunteers. The groups are rooted in mutual aid, confidentiality, trust and learning together. (New faculty have their own monthly mutual aid groups.) The chapter will conclude with qualitative data from participants in the program, as well as recommendations for ongoing research to improve and even replicate the program beyond one academic institution.
Perspective Chapter: Personality and Criminal Behaviors
Authors: Turgut Gizem , Demirci Kübra
Published: November 2023

In this chapter, first of all, the social order and deviation, the concept of crime and the development of the concept of crime, the elements and types of crime, and the theories explaining the crime are given. Then, the concept of personality, the concepts of character, temperament, personality theories, the relationship between personality and crime, and the relationship between personality traits and psychopathology are addressed. While examining the relationship between Criminal Behavior and Personality, 10 studies that were written for graduate education in Turkey and that deal with the relationship between personality traits and criminal behavior from different perspectives were examined theoretically. A general inference was tried to be made to shed light on future studies and to provide a basic platform.
Antiseptic and Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Cataract Surgery
Authors: Crespo Millas Sara , Di Lauro Salvatore , Galarreta Mira David
Published: November 2023

Prophylaxis for eye infections is important to avoid catastrophic consequences such as infectious endophthalmitis. There are different options as prophylaxis in cataract surgery. Prophylaxis with antiseptics is more and more important in ocular surgery and possesses several advantages compared to antibiotic prophylaxis. Povidone-iodine (PVI) 5% in the conjunctival sac and PVI 10% on periocular skin for 3 minutes is recommended prior to any cataract surgery to reduce the risk of postoperative endophthalmitis. Intracameral cefuroxime (1 mg/0.1 ml) at the end of the surgery is also useful in reducing the risk of infectious endophthalmitis. Nevertheless, there is no scientific evidence supporting the use of topical antibiotics in the postoperative period.
Using Machine Learning Techniques to Discover Novel Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Yildirim Ebrar , Ceyda Yelgel Övgü
Published: November 2023

Thermoelectric materials can be utilized to build devices that convert waste heat to power or vice versa. In the literature, the best-known thermoelectrics, however, are based on rare, costly or even hazardous materials, limiting their general usage. New types of effective thermoelectric materials are thus required to enable worldwide deployment. Although theoretical models of transport characteristics can aid in the creation of novel thermoelectrics, they are currently too computationally costly to be used simply for high-throughput screening of all conceivable candidates in the wide chemical space. Machine learning (ML) has been viewed as a promising technique to aid materials design/discovery because of its quick inference time. In this book chapter, we provide the whole workflow for machine learning applications to the identification of novel thermoelectric materials, predicting electrical and thermal transport properties and optimizing processes for materials and structures using cutting-edge ML methods.
Chromatic Validation of Herbicides Used in Vegetable Production
Authors: L. Grey Timothy , M. Eason Kayla
Published: November 2023

Herbicides are necessary for successful vegetable production in the Southeastern United States. Along with bare-ground production, low density polyethylene (LDPE) mulches are often utilized to produce multiple crops (2–4) by rotation over the course of a 12-to-24-month period. These include fresh market tomato, pepper, cucurbits, eggplant, and cabbage. For LDPE mulch vegetable production, between each crop growers must apply contact and residual herbicides to mitigate weeds. However, these herbicides can remain on the mulch and injury transplants. Herbicides are often soil applied for bare soil production as well as under the LDPE mulch. Herbicide carryover in soil using these vegetable production methods can also result in management issues. Proper quantification analyzing the dissipation is critical in the decision-making process for growers to prevent unnecessary crop losses. A series of experiments have been conducted to quantify the dissipation of the herbicides flumioxazin, fomesafen, ammonium-glufosinate, glyphosate, halosulfuron-methyl, paraquat, S-metolachlor, and sulfentrazone over time using UPLC/MS and bioassay methods. These methods are presented.
Electrodeposition of Metal Chalcogenide Thin Films
Authors: Ledesma Juárez Arelis , Altamirano Gutiérrez Alejandro , Fernández Madrigal Arturo
Published: November 2023

Chalcogenide metals are compounds with optoelectronic characteristics that allow the construction of various optical and optoelectronic devices. The traditional preparation methods have been techniques such as reactive evaporation and sputtering. However, such methods have limited the construction of devices in large areas, particularly solar cells. Thin film solar cells based on Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) absorbers have suitable optoelectronic properties. However, their commercial development is scarce since the efficiencies achieved on large surfaces differ from those obtained at the laboratory level. The electrodeposition technique is the most attractive from an economic point of view; however, high conversion efficiencies still need to be achieved with the latter. Several authors attribute this difference to different causes, such as using chemical additives in the preparation. The influence of the salt during its synthesis is not studied, so this work aims to use three different types of metal salts and voltages to produce (CIGSe) absorbing thin films by the electrodeposition technique. Also, the effect of nucleation type on two other substrates is studied. The various features of structural, morphological, atomic composition, and electrochemical characterization were to understand the formation, growth, and morphology of CIGS films, to obtain a suitable stoichiometry of thin film solar cells using this absorber.
Modification of Clay Minerals by Surfactant Agents: Structure, Properties, and New Applications
Authors: Gamoudi Safa , Srasra Ezzeddine
Published: November 2023

Organically surfactant-modified clays (OC) have attracted a great deal of interest because of their wide applications in industry and environmental protection. The OC are organic–inorganic complexes synthesized through the intercalation of organic cations mainly into the interlayer space of expandable clays. Different surfactants have been used to prepare OC. These include single and dual-cationic surfactants, anionic–cationic surfactants, and nonionic surfactants. The intercalation of the surfactant cations was governed by different processes: cationic exchange and Van der Waals ‘interactions of the alkyl chains with clay surface. The structure and properties of the resultant organoclays are affected by the type of surfactant, the clay used, and the preparation method such as the conventional technique, the solid-state intercalation, and the microwave irradiation. As the result, the organoclays are characterized by hydrophobic surfaces and have attracted great interest because of their potential use in several applications, such as sorbents for organic pollutants (dyes, pharmaceutic compounds…), heavy metals and inorganic oxy-anions, clay-based nanocomposites, and in several other industries.
Key Elements in the Representation of Sexual Violence in Spain: Consent, Myths and Stigma
Authors: Recalde-Esnoz Irantzu , del Castillo Héctor , Montalvo Gemma
Published: November 2023

This chapter presents the deepening knowledge of consent, myths and stigma in the social representation of sexual violence. A critical, empathic and sensitive scientific framework that allows redesigning better political and social actions for victims is presented. This also improves educational programs that seek the eradication of rape. An exhaustive bibliographic search was conducted utilising different databases. Recommendations include the need to construct counter-representations of current hegemonic stories that provide victims of sexual violence with elements and narratives that influence healthy, recovery-based outcomes.
Structure and Applications of Surfactants
Authors: Khalfallah Ali
Published: November 2023

Surfactant molecules have two parts, a lipophilic (apolar) part that retains fat and a hydrophilic (polar) part that is miscible with water. The lipophilic portion consists of one or more aliphatic, straight or branched or aromatic or even alkylaromatic hydro- or fluorocarbon chains. The hydrophilic portion or polar head consists of one or more polar groups, ionic or nonionic. Surfactants have a wide variety of applications that include membrane permeabilization and dissolution, inclusion body solubilization, as well as membrane protein solubilization, biochemistry, crystallization, and manipulation. The behavior of these molecules is directly related to the aversion to water of the nonpolar groups, whereas the polar moieties tend to be highly hydrated. Their surfactant properties are therefore essentially based on the balance between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of the molecule, called HLB (Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance).
Advantages of Digital Technology in the Assessment of Bone Marrow Involvement by Magnetic Resonance Images
Authors: Giraldo Castellano Pilar , Roca Espiau Mercedes
Published: November 2023

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for evaluating bone marrow (BM). The information provided is a useful tool for obtaining a global map of the contents of the medullary cavity. The applications of this technique to the study of different processes affecting the bone marrow are of great importance to know the extension of disease, to distinguish by image different entities, and to evaluate response to therapies. Actually, machine learning tools aid in the interpretation of images and patterns that are not visible or are unfamiliar to the observer. In addition, integrating clinical, biological, and therapeutic data with imaging using artificial intelligence methods applied to these studies provides a broad perspective and tool that can predict the risk of complications. The systematic inclusion of structured bone marrow MRI reporting is useful to standardize the collected data collaborate in developed algorithms to learning model, and facilitate clinical management and academics collaboration.
Bioactive Properties of the Pigment Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis in Human Health
Authors: Galarza Janeth , Pillacela Bryan , Olivia Arredondo-Vega Bertha
Published: November 2023

Astaxanthin is a carotenoid with the most reported cellular antioxidant effect, providing significant protection. It is evident that various diseases related to oxidative stress are increasing in the population. Therefore, there is an interest in searching for new sources of bioactive compounds that can be applied to improve human health. The information presented here is based on a review of the most relevant scientific articles that have shed light on the current state of the potential effects of astaxanthin, both in mammalian cell lines and in humans. The model organism studied was the freshwater microalga Haematococcus pluvialis, which accumulates high concentrations of astaxanthin under stress conditions. The biological activity of astaxanthin described in this review demonstrates that it is a potent antioxidant without adverse effects. Therefore, natural astaxanthin derived from Haematococcus pluvialis could be safely used as a nutraceutical and for preventive and therapeutic purposes in human health.
Revolutionizing Dental Caries Diagnosis through Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Anil Sukumaran , Sudeep Krishnaa , Saratchandran Sudeep , K. Sweety Vishnupriya
Published: November 2023

The diagnosis and management of dental caries, a prevalent global oral health issue, have traditionally depended on clinical examination and the interpretation of radiographic images. However, with the rapid advancements in technology, the landscape of dental diagnostics is transforming. This chapter delves into the revolutionary impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on detecting and managing dental caries. Dental professionals can now achieve enhanced diagnostic accuracy by harnessing the power of machine learning algorithms and image recognition technologies, even identifying early-stage caries that conventional methods might overlook. The integration of AI into dentistry not only promises improved patient outcomes by facilitating timely interventions and streamlining clinical workflows, potentially redefining the future of oral healthcare. While the prospects are promising, it is imperative to concurrently address the challenges and ethical considerations accompanying AI-driven diagnostics to ensure that the technology augments, rather than supplants, the expertise of dental professionals. The chapter serves as a comprehensive overview of the current state of AI in dental caries diagnosis, its potential benefits, and the road ahead.
6G Physical Layer Security
Authors: Ara Israt , Kelley Brian
Published: November 2023

Securing the proliferation of wireless networks in 6G requires security-based signaling as a native component. This paper analyzes Physical Layer Security (PLS) applied to 6G Radio Access Networks (RAN) to enhance Layer-1 security. The description defines a PLS air interface and system model with AI/ML-based intelligent codebook generation and detection schemes. The paper also proposes an operational overview of AI/ML integrated PLS with shared key-agreement protocol in an O-RAN architecture for 6G security. Results include codebook generation details, the impact of MIMO antenna array size, and the key-Bit Error rate (BER) of 6G-PLS detection in the presence of eavesdroppers and Rayleigh fading plus noise.
Improvement of Validated Manufacturing Processes with Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Hernández-Hernández Marisol , Alfonso Bonilla Cruz Luis , Cobián-Romero Lizbeth
Published: November 2023

SMEs are essential entities for the economy of countries, so they need to implement strategies to maintain and achieve economic stability. Technology is a great support tool to achieve this. Still, entrepreneurs, generally acting empirically, need to determine which technology to select, how to do it, and its scope of implementation. Fuzzy logic is a technology adapted to human linguistic thinking, which served as a methodology in this case study to measure the degree of behavior given by the implementation of software and hardware in a company. The result of the research validated the benefits that the gradual implementation of the technology presented to the company in terms of utility, time, and quantity of production, which were related in degrees of uncertainty with variables that were labeled as “high,” “medium,” and “low.” The established membership was validated through fuzzy graphs, showing the company’s status, and adjusted with the appropriateness of the technology until profits were placed within the “high” range. Thus, fuzzy logic is a tool that helps measure variables in degrees of belonging, with words used by business people to make it more understandable. Furthermore, the data coding in fuzzy terms showed the prediction of the behavior of the variables adjusted with technological processes.
PERUBAHAN FISIOLOGI BUAH TOMAT (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM) TERHADAP SUHU KAMAR DAN UMUR SIMPAN YANG MEMENGARUHI MUTU
Authors: Fertiasari Rini , Arditian Syahrulizar , Yuliani Sri , Nurhafiza Nurhafiza , Aryasari Pegi
Published: November 2023

Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum) termasuk keluarga Solanaceae adalah tanaman kedua yang paling agro-ekonomi, yaitu sayuran penting. Tomat termasuk tanaman yang sering dibudidayakan. Pemilihan tomat sebagai tanaman yang sering dibudidayakan karena tanaman tomat tidak terlalu sulit dan tidak membutuhkan biaya yang mahal. Penghasil tomat pada 2018-2019 mengalami peningkatan dari 54.156 mencapai 54.780. Tingkat produksi tomat yang meningkat menyebabkan penanganan pada tomat tersebut kurang efektif, penanganan yang kurang tepat akan menyebabkan banyaknya kerusakan pada buah tomat. Kerusakan yang terjadi akan menyebabkan mutu pada buah tomat menurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan fisiologi yang terjadi pada buah tomat terhadap suhu kamar. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dengan taraf signifikan 5%. Tomat yang digunakan adalah tomat dengan kematangan tua dan kematangan masak. Setiap jenis kematangan tomat disediakan sebanyak 8 buah sampel, sehingga terdapat 16 satuan percobaan. Hasil analisis yang didapat dari uji (ANOVA) berdasarkan parameter warna  (3 ≤ 7,71), kesegaran kulit (24,47 > 7,71), rasa (0,28 ≤ 7,71), aroma (118,87 > 7,71), kekerasan (4,41 ≤ 7,71) dan bagian yang dapat dimanfaatkan (15,70> 7,71). Perubahan fisiologi yang memengaruhi mutu buah tomat dari parameter kesegaran kulit, aroma, dan bagian yang dapat dimakan.
La finca de la Florida-Moncloa como borde urbano: límite y oportunidad del crecimiento del noroeste madrileño
Authors: Muñoz Hernández Jara
Published: November 2023

The Royal Estate of La Florida and La Moncloa became, throughout the 19th century, a strategic location for Madrid’s northwestern growth. In this communication it is intended, through the use of drawing as a scientific instrument, to analyze and explain how was the process of fragmentation of the real property and its gradual integration within the urban structure of the capital. Much of the urban development that occurred in those decades is at the origin of the shape and the circumstances of the current city, so understanding it is essential to understand the Madrid where we live today and –when necessary- to be able to intervene in it.

El Real Sitio de La Florida y La Moncloa, se convirtió, a lo largo del siglo xix, en un lugar estratégico para el crecimiento de Madrid hacia el noroeste. En esta comunicación se pretende, mediante el uso del dibujo como instrumento científico, analizar y explicar cómo fueron el proceso de fragmentación de la propiedad real y su paulatina incorporación al tejido urbano de la capital. Gran parte de los desarrollos urbanísticos ocurridos en aquellas décadas está en el origen de la forma y circunstancias de la ciudad actual, por lo que la comprensión de aquellos resulta fundamental para entender el Madrid donde vivimos hoy y, en su caso, poder intervenir en él.
Socioeconomic impact of the first Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) in Dhaka
Authors: Iqbal Raj Shahriar , Naem A.S.M Julker
Published: November 2023

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, has a metropolitan area density of 23,234 per square kilometer (Review, 2020), and it is considered one of the most densely populated megacities in the world. The city contributes 35% to the national economic growth of GDP. However, in this rapidly growing city, the transport management authority has an enormous lack of coordination to adopt; thus, the massive traffic congestion is one of the significant challenges. In 2015, Dhaka's average traffic speed was 6.8 Km/h (RSTP, 2015). According to the BRTA (Bangladesh Road Transport Authority), there are 1.74 million registered motorized vehicles in Dhaka, yet the city is acutely short of the road- space. Population growth trends of 3.8%-4.2%, creating numerous urban problems, have led to Dhaka as one of the ten least liveable cities globally (EUI, August 2016). Globally, Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) is widely used as an urban planning tool to maximize transit benefits. Mass Rapid Transport (MRT), as one of the modes of TOD, offers high-density development around stations to combat urban sprawl and socio-economic changes, reduced motorized vehicles, balanced urban growth, and pedestrian facility to enrich the quality of life. A study by Dhaka Urban Transport Project (DUTP) identified implanting Transport Oriented Development (TOD) to become a sustainable city is essential to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030, and as a UN member country, it is vital for Bangladesh. However, the socio-economic impact of the Mass Rapid Transport (MRT) System is yet to be realized in Dhaka, where most of the development policies are biased by political and donor agendas. This study will investigate the socio-economic impact of the first MRT-6 in Dhaka. The paper concentrate on a Mirpur with three transit stations as the case study.
A propósito del terrain vague: una relectura contemporánea del concepto del vacío urbano a partir de su imagen
Authors: Solé Gras Josep Maria
Published: November 2023

Twenty-five years after the Catalan architect, philosopher and urban critic Ignasi de Solà-Morales coined the term terrain vague to conceptually delineate the physical dimension and spiritual essence of the different urban voids, expectant landscapes and imprecise confines of the contemporary city, we understand that the undeniable validity of the notion, its profuse disciplinary acceptance and, above all, its diffusion in the fields of urban theoretical production, merit a systematic review of its evolution. In this sense, this research is based on the appraisal of the cultural conditions that accompanied its original proposal and reconstructs a non-linear path through the references, works and authors cited, thus interweaving a galaxy of notions, relationships, and drifts that question, in the face of the prevailing uncertainty of our days, the very foundations of urban criticism

Veinticinco años después que el arquitecto, filósofo y crítico catalán Ignasi de Solà-Morales acuñara el término terrain vague para referirse y acotar conceptualmente la dimensión física y espiritual de los distintos vacíos urbanos y límites imprecisos que caracterizan los paisajes expectantes de la ciudad contemporánea, entendemos que tanto la vigencia incontestable de la noción como su profusa aceptación y difusión disciplinar meritan una revisión sistemática de su evolución. En este sentido, esta investigación parte del análisis crítico de los condicionantes culturales que acompañaron su planteo original y reconstruye un recorrido no lineal a través de las referencias, obras y autores citados entretejiendo, con ello, una galaxia de nociones, relaciones y derivas que cuestionan, de la mano de la incertidumbre dominante de nuestros días, los fundamentos mismos de la urbanidad.
Whatever happened to aesthetics within urbanism? oblivion or prejudice?
Authors: López Melendez Miguel
Published: November 2023

Most contemporary architectural and urban debates have overlooked, if not diminished, the critical character of aesthetics as branch of philosophy and mediator of our social interactions. Urban transformations entail social, economic, environmental, political, technological, psychological, and aesthetics changes. Thus, the ubiquity of aesthetics demands more sophisticated critical methods to counter the pragmatism and technocratic approaches within contemporary design practices. But the urgency to tackle the challenges of urbanization has condemned the critical framework that aesthetics provides to oblivion within design. In contrast, this text situates aesthetics at the center of contemporary urban debates and defends its analytical power to tackle the challenges of urbanization, such as climate change, social inequity, and migration crises.
Adaptándonos para adaptar: la normativa urbana en la construcción de las transiciones hacia un nuevo paradigma
Authors: Piperno de Santiago Adriana , Sierra Abate Pablo
Published: November 2023

Traditional planning and management strategies have proven to be insufficient to respond to the problems of climate change. A change in the way of acting based on a change in the way of understanding the problems is necessary. Three systems of action are recognized where our discipline can contribute to the construction of transitions: professional practice, academic production and urban governance (institutions, rules, interrelation of actors). In this context, the regulatory normative of urban and building scale of Uruguay is analyzed. To build evidence, a systematic review of national and subnational regulations (390 documents) is carried out, characterizing the state of the situation and the presence of emerging issues as "signs" in the process of transition to a new paradigm. This first systematization builds a baseline that allows evaluating the future development of the normative body.

Las estrategias tradicionales de planificación y gestión han demostrado ser insuficientes para responder a las problemáticas del cambio climático. Es necesario un cambio en la forma de actuar que se sustente en un cambio en la forma de entender los problemas. Se reconocen tres sistemas de actuación donde nuestra disciplina puede aportar a la construcción de las transiciones: la práctica profesional, la producción académica y la gobernanza urbana (instituciones, reglas de juego, interrelación de actores), En este contexto se analiza el cuerpo normativo de escala urbana y edilicia del Uruguay. Para construir evidencia se realiza una revisión sistemática de las normas nacionales y subnacionales (390 documentos), caracterizando el estado de situación y la presencia de temáticas emergentes a modo de “señales” en el proceso de transición a un nuevo paradigma. Esta primera sistematización construye una línea de base que permite evaluar el desarrollo futuro del cuerpo normativo.
Revisar el pasado para proyectar el futuro: reflexiones de Jaime Ferrater sobre Ordenación del Territorio Urbano
Authors: Bruno Aniorte Mª José
Published: November 2023

Through his lecture on Territorial Planning, Jaime Ferrater invites us to reflect on different questions about the way to approach urban development as an urban territorial planning, as something extensive, avoiding, in Ferrater's own words, that no territory should be populated or used beyond its natural capacity for recovery. This entails an occupation of the territory without excessive differences in population density, avoiding the overcrowding of large cities, which are subject, on the other hand, to ambitious Urban Development Action Projects (PAUs), with a sectorised programme linked by rapid transit routes, subjecting the urban territory to the service of the automobile, forgetting the design on a human scale and undervaluing the character of the neighborhood, understood as a juxtaposition of uses and services necessary for daily life and accessible within walking distance, which forms a greater social cohesion and a more sustainable environment

A través de su conferencia sobre Ordenación del Territorio, Jaime Ferrater nos invita a reflexionar sobre distintas cuestiones acerca de la manera de abordar el urbanismo como una ordenación del territorio urbano, como algo extensivo, evitando, en palabras del propio Ferrater, que ningún territorio deba ser poblado ni usado por encima de su capacidad natural de recuperación. Eso conlleva una ocupación del territorio sin excesivas diferencias de densidad de población, evitando la colmatación de las grandes ciudades, sometidas, por otra parte, a ambiciosos Proyectos de Actuación Urbanística (PAUs), con un programa sectorizado y unido a través de vías de circulación rápida, sometiendo el territorio urbano al servicio del automóvil, olvidando el diseño a escala humana y menospreciando el carácter de barrio, entendido como una yuxtaposición de usos y servicios necesarios para el día a día y accesibles a pie, que conforma una mayor cohesión social y un entorno más sostenible.
Ciudad y filantropía: políticas urbanas y fundaciones de origen bancario italianas
Authors: Franco Corinna di
Published: November 2023

The urban policy context is characterised by a multiplicity of actors who bring to the urban debate a differentiated range of contributions, both immaterial and material, human capital and economic capital. In particular, for the last few decades, the contribution of actors not only from the public and private sectors, but also from civil society, the third sector and philanthropic finance, has been particularly noteworthy. Indeed, the reshaping of the new welfare state and a climate of perpetual crisis, combined with the exceptional situation related to the pandemic, have meant that philanthropic actors are now more involved in urban areas than ever before. Through this research, with the study of some significant European and Italian public policy documents, it aims to establish the present and future relationship between urban policies and philanthropic actors and it will highlight how urban regeneration can represent a link between these.

El contexto de las políticas urbanas está caracterizado por una multiplicidad de actores que traen al debate urbano una diferenciada gama de aportes, tanto inmateriales como materiales, capitales humanos como capitales económicos. En particular, desde hace algunas décadas, destaca el aporte de actores procedentes no solamente de ámbitos públicos o privados, sino de la sociedad civil, del tercer sector y de las finanzas filantrópicas. Efectivamente, las remodelaciones del nuevo estado del bienestar y un clima de crisis perpetua sumado a la situación de excepcionalidad relacionada con la pandemia, han hecho que hoy en día los actores filantrópicos estén involucrados en lo urbano más que nunca. A través de esta investigación, con el estudio de algunos documentos significativos de políticas públicas a nivel europeo e italiano, se pretende establecer la relación presente y futura entre políticas urbanas y agentes filantrópicos y se destacará como la regeneración urbana puede representar un enlace entre estos.
Barrios Populares en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires: ciudad informal y políticas públicas en los servicios de agua potable y saneamiento
Authors: Babbo Luis
Published: November 2023

The 21st century brings before us the great challenge of the universality of water and sanitation services in an increasingly urban world. The gap between the level of coverage of these services and the urbanized area is difficult to address given the disarticulation existing between the dynamics of infrastructure networks and accelerated urban settlement patterns. In Latin America, the so-called villas, shantytowns, slums or favelas shape archipelagos of informality in access to drinking water and sanitation services, within a formal city that makes their exclusion invisible and tries out alternative mechanisms or intermediate solution policies in territories of inequity and urban inequality. In this paper we will analyze the prevailing public policies in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, and the impact they have had on access to water and sanitation services in its poor neighborhoods.

El siglo XXI nos plantea el gran desafío de la universalidad de los servicios de agua y saneamiento en un mundo cada vez más urbano. La brecha entre el nivel de cobertura de estos servicios y área urbanizada, resulta difícil de abordar ante la desarticulación entre dinámicas propias de las redes de infraestructura y acelerados patrones de asentamiento urbano. En Latinoamérica, las denominadas villas, asentamientos, barriadas o favelas; conforman archipiélagos de informalidad en el acceso a los servicios de agua potable y saneamiento, dentro de una ciudad formal que invisibiliza su exclusión, ensaya mecanismos alternativos o políticas de solución intermedias en territorios de inequidad y desigualdad urbana. En este trabajo analizaremos las políticas públicas imperantes en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, y el impacto que han tenido sobre el acceso a los servicios de agua y saneamiento en sus barrios populares.
Discriminación y segregación hacia grupos de atención prioritaria y asentamientos informales: barreras físicas, simbolismos e intersecciones en las ciudades de Quito, Guayaquil y Lago Agrio
Authors: Brito Escobar María Lorena
Published: November 2023

This paper analyzes the characteristics and causal relationships of the physical and symbolic barriers that cause the lack of access to services in the cities of Ecuador, through a qualitative methodological approach. Its starting points are the concepts of discrimination and segregation towards the "priority attention groups", which include: children and older adults; women and the LGBTIQ+ population; people with disabilities; people in a situation of mobility (migrants); and people who define themselves as indigenous or native peoples. With this diversity of actors, a CAP methodology (knowledge, attitudes, and practices) has been applied, obtaining as a result that the people who perceive the most discrimination and segregation within Ecuadorian cities are middle-aged and elderly indigenous women and migrants, mainly Venezuelans.

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar las características y relaciones causales de las barreras físicas y simbólicas que provocan la falta de acceso a servicios en las ciudades del Ecuador, a través de una postura metodológica cualitativa. Su punto de partida constituye los conceptos de discriminación y segregación hacia lo que la Constitución ecuatoriana denomina como “grupos de atención prioritaria” (GAP), que comprenden: las niñas, niños y adultos mayores; las mujeres y población LGBTIQ+; las personas con discapacidad; las personas en situación de movilidad (migrantes); las personas que se autodefinen como indígenas o pueblos originarios; y hacia personas que pertenece a asentamientos informales. Con esta diversidad de actores se ha aplicado una metodología CAP (conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas), obteniendo como resultado que existe una marcada transversalidad e intersección de los procesos discriminatorios y de segregación en las ciudades ecuatorianas y, quienes se llevan la peor parte, son las mujeres indígenas y los inmigrantes, especialmente provenientes de Venezuela.
Proyectar un lugar en la ciudad desde la función social: pautas para la intervención urbana en el sector del Mercado Público de Barranquilla a partir de la variedad integradora
Authors: Sánchez Cabarcas María Teresa
Published: November 2023

Everyday cities are growing, and it is necessary to regenerate urban areas that are facing obsolescence. Usually, when considering a process of this scope, it is common to leave behind the essential aspects that lead the design decisions to create real places, which contribute to the development of people and to outline the social function involved in the definition of the city. This document defines guidelines to address urban areas in the conditions previously mentioned, and to aim this purpose, it is selected the public market area in Barranquilla as a case of analysis. Also, with a concept review, a site analysis, and the recognition of design actions, it is possible to establish the contribution of urban intervention to the social function of the city, as well as formulating strategies to qualify the area by highlighting this purpose.

Las ciudades a diario van creciendo y en muchos sitios se hace necesaria la regeneración de áreas urbanas que han caído en la obsolescencia. Usualmente, al plantearse un proceso de este alcance se suelen perder de vista los elementos esenciales que orientan las decisiones de diseño para propiciar verdaderos lugares, que aporten conjuntamente al desarrollo de la persona y destaque la función social que conlleva la definición de la urbe. El presente documento define unas pautas para abordar áreas con dichas condiciones y, para tal fin, el caso de estudio seleccionado fue el sector del mercado público de Barranquilla. De allí que, con la revisión de conceptos, un análisis del sector, y la identificación de acciones proyectuales, fuera posible concretar el aporte de la intervención urbana para la función social de la ciudad, así como formular estrategias que permitan cualificar el área, resaltando este propósito.
La forma urbana de las ciudades de nueva fundación: revisión a las cartografías históricas de la Araucanía, Chile, 1880-1940
Authors: Barría Catalán Tirza , Pérez Bustamante Leonel
Published: November 2023

After the pacification of La Frontera, the military forts were the starting point for the new towns in Araucanía. These places were populated as a function of the provision of sites together with the implementation of communication and urbanisation routes provided by the Chilean state. The gradual industrial and agricultural development associated with these first cities of Araucanía, together with the increase in population, led to the occupation of the areas immediately surrounding the original layout of the town. After the analysis of the first plans drawn up for the cities of Temuco and Nueva Imperial, we recognise the framework of a city project that defines and anticipates its form. In this sense, the cartography is analysed as a source of the project, from which the necessary actions for urban development are materialised.

Tras la pacificación de La Frontera, los fuertes militares fueron el punto de inicio de las nuevas ciudades de la Araucanía. Estos lugares se fueron poblando en función de la entrega de sitios junto a la implementación de vías de comunicación y urbanización provistas por el Estado chileno. El paulatino desarrollo industrial y agrícola asociado a estas primeras ciudades de la Araucanía, sumado al incremento de la población, dio curso a la ocupación de las áreas inmediatas al trazado original de la población. Tras los análisis de los primeros planos levantados para las ciudades de Temuco y Nueva Imperial, se reconoce el entramado de un proyecto de ciudad que define y anticipa la forma de esta, En este sentido la cartografía es analizada como fuente de proyecto, desde el cual se materializaran las acciones necesarias para el desarrollo urbano.
Belleza: una forma de acción de los ciudadanos Cerros Orientales de Bogotá (COB)
Authors: Acosta Guacaneme Sandra
Published: November 2023

Today our relationship with the Eastern Hills of Bogotá (EHB) is dislocated; beauty and its perception are a gateway to the recognition of the natural mountain landscape, in the case of the EHB. These should be considered as a fundamental element in our relationship in terms of experience, image, environment and day to day life of citizens. For this purpose, phase one of the methodology will be addressed here, within a framework of reflection on how the beauty of the natural mountain landscape is measured, achieving a recognition of some key elements, then the explanation of the case study: EHB; and finally look closely at some results of interviews with experts, which help us to understand good practices. The EHB’s would then be a response to the pressing climate change, with an innovative vision of the city itself.

Hoy en día nuestra relación con los Cerros Orientales de Bogotá (COB) se encuentra dislocada; la belleza y su percepción son una puerta de entrada al reconocimiento del paisaje natural de montaña, en el caso de los COB. Estos deberían ser considerados como un elemento fundamental en nuestro relacionamiento en cuanto a la experiencia, la imagen, el ambiente y el día a día de los ciudadanos. Para esto se abordará aquí la fase uno de la metodología, dentro de un marco de reflexión acerca de como se mide la belleza del paisaje natural de montaña, logrando un reconocimiento de algunos elementos clave, luego la explicación del caso de estudio: COB; y finalmente ver de cerca algunos resultados de entrevistas hechas a los expertos, que nos ayudan a entender buenas practicas. Los COB serían entonces una respuesta al cambio climático apremiante, con una visión innovadora de la misma ciudad.