bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Web-based Seminar - New Source of Qualitative Study: Data Collection during the Pandemic of COVID-19
Authors: Tiong Wen Ni , Sim Anne Freda Siaw Fen
Published: November 2020

Objective- This article aims to discuss the authors’ own experience using a web-based seminar (webinar) as a new data collection method for a qualitative descriptive study on factors influencing digital banking adoption among potential users in Malaysia (Digital Banking Study).   Design - This will be the first study to gather information from industry players and public perception towards digital banking service using webinars, with evidence compared to the study’s quantitative results.  Findings – Data derived from webinar sessions are consistent with the quantitative results, and the potential of its uses as a new research tool was discussed in detail. Policy Implications- The findings showed several practical implications that are potentially useful for researchers, academics, and business analysts to consider adopting webinar data as a new qualitative data collection method. Originality - This study documents the supporting evidence of the potential use of webinars as a useful tool to collect quality observation data.
Institutionalism and Modern Socio-Economic Trends of Social Development
Authors: Yamshchikova Tat'yana N. , Zhuravleva Tat'yana A.
Published: November 2020

The life cycle is inherent in any system and its individual elements. The period from the formation of a particular socio-economic system to its death (change) is its life cycle. There is an acute need for understanding new phenomena and development challenges, assessing possible threats and risks that may accompany the transformation of socio-economic relations in transitional periods. The purpose of the article is to describe the trends in socio-economic reality that have manifested in recent decades, which allow outlining the expected features of the decades to come. The consistent disclosure of substantiated trends, confirmed by the theoretical conceptual framework and the empirical component, reflects the causal relationship of all spheres of social structure. The integration social function of institutions based on the unity of dialectical positions is revealed, where the economic system serves as an arena for interaction and expression of politics, culture, psychology, ideology and other public spheres. Large-scale evolutionary changes and the emergence of new cultural types occur subject to the transformation of technology and economics. The evolving evolutionary laws of development are mediated by both institutional influence and the systemic nature of the formation of the conditions of socio-economic relations. Institutions of society contribute to the tendencies of preservation and variability of socio-economic development and their further transmission under conditions of dynamics and staging. Determining written and generally accepted rules of behavior in society, institutions reinforce the processes of interaction between economic entities, and form, within the framework of existing informal norms, motives, incentives and rules of the relationship between political, social and economic systems.
Estratégias educativas para prevenção de pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica em terapia intensiva: revisão integrativa
Authors: Luz Camila Albani da Silva , Barcellos Ruy de Almeida , Barella Daniela
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: revisar estudos acerca de estratégias de educação para a prevenção de Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica implantadas em serviços de saúde e sua efetividade. Método: revisão integrativa realizada no mês de setembro de 2020, em cinco bases de dados, através dos seguintes descritores “education AND continuing and pneumonia AND ventilator-associated”. As bases pesquisadas foram: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), U.S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed). Por meio da Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS), foram acessadas as seguintes bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Base de dados de enfermagem (BDENF) e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline). Resultados e discussão: foram incluídas 5 publicações referentes ao período entre os anos de 2010 e 2020. Dentre as ações educativas destacaram-se workshops, bundle, palestras e curso intensivo de educação. O período de aplicação das ações educativas variou entre 1 e 12 meses. Todos os estudos mostraram melhorias nos resultados após a aplicação das medidas educativas, mas sugerem educação continuada, permanente e auditorias para manter a eficácia das ações. Considerações Finais: as estratégias de educação mostraram-se efetivas na prevenção de PAVM a curto prazo, porém, mostram a necessidade da aplicação de educação permanente e continuada no âmbito hospitalar.
Tratamiento quirúrgico temprano de frenillo lingual revisión de la literatura: a propósito de dos casos
Authors: Fuentes Cinthya Gabriela Bojorque , Mendieta Jessenia Elizabeth Estrella , Alvarez David Manuel Pineda
Published: November 2020

La anquiloglosia es una anormalidad congénita, más ligada al sexo masculino y con una prevalencia de 4 a 10% en recién nacidos vivos. Ésta se presenta como un frenillo lingual corto o muy anterior; causando dificultad, limitación e imposibilidad de que la lengua cumpla su rol dentro del sistema estomatognático. El tratamiento para ésta afección es la frenectomía, por lo general se suele realizar este procedimiento bajo anestesia general en niños de edades tempranas, por lo tanto, el propósito de este  trabajo  es  presentar  un  protocolo  de  atención  de  frenectomía temprana con anestesia tópica y/o local para el tratamiento de anquiloglosia en niños menores a 5 años puesto que el diagnóstico precoz de la anquiloglosia puede redundar en una solución rápida, efectiva, con minimización de sus efectos en el niño y en algunos casos con un postoperatorio más corto y sencillo. A propósito, presentamos dos casos en donde en el primer caso se trata de una niña de 2 meses de edad y el segundo caso un niño de 4 casos, en el primer caso se hizo una frenotomía y en el segundo caso una frenectomía.
Tratamento de fístula buco sinusal – Sequela de ferimento por arma de fogo: relato de caso
Authors: Fernandes Ana Carolina Fraga , Griza Geraldo Luiz , Garbin Junior Eleonor Álvaro , Ernica Natasha Magro , Conci Ricardo Augusto , Araújo Marcela Chiqueto
Published: November 2020

Introdução: As comunicações buco sinusais são condições nas quais há um acesso direto da cavidade oral, seja essa através do rebordo alveolar ou palato, com o seio maxilar. Quando se encontra revestida por tecido epitelial passa a ser intitulada de fístula buco sinusal. Sua etiologia pode provir das exodontias, patologias em palato, periápice e seio maxilar, infecções, osteonecrose e trauma. Os sinais e sintomas que são observados vão desde passagem de ar e fluidos do nariz para a boca, e vice-versa, até sinusites agudas ou crônicas, podendo em alguns casos apresentarem-se assintomáticos. Seu diagnóstico é alcançado com o exame físico/clínico, associado aos exames de imagem. Comumente o tratamento consiste em abordagem cirúrgica, devendo ser esse realizado o mais breve possível, sendo as técnicas cirúrgicas e os tipos de retalhos utilizados variam de acordo com o tipo de comunicação. Relato de caso: Paciente vítima de ferimento por arma de fogo há cerca de 04 anos, evoluindo com comunicação buco sinusal de dimensões aproximadas de 02cm por 01cm (comprimento X largura), atingindo rebordo alveolar. O tratamento realizado foi através da cirurgia para correção/fechamento de fístula buco sinusal em ambiente hospitalar com a associação de três técnicas. Discussão:  As técnicas cirúrgicas utilizadas para o fechamento das comunicações e fístulas buco sinusais são basicamente três as mais utilizadas, cada uma apresentando vantagens e desvantagens, bem como melhor indicação para cada caso. O coxim adiposo da bochecha é considerado a técnica mais utilizada, apresentando como desvantagem, a possível diminuição do fundo de vestíbulo, dificultando assim reabilitações protéticas posteriores, tal como o retalho vestibular. Os retalhos palatais têm maior indicação quando as comunicações são mais extensas, suas desvantagens incluem a área cruenta exposta no palato quando o retalho necessita ser rodado. Conclusão: O caso relatado se distingue dos demais encontrados na literatura atual devido a associação das técnicas cirúrgicas utilizadas para o fechamento de fístulas buco sinusais, e pelos benefícios que a associação dessas trouxe ao paciente.
Fatores associados às ações de prevenção de acidentes promovidas por professores da educação infantil
Authors: Silva Maria Gabrielle Moreira Santos , Azevedo Suelen Brito de , Lima Ana Paula Esmeraldo , Interaminense Iris Nayara da Conceição Souza , Silva Leduard Leon Bezerra Soares , Leal Luciana Pedrosa
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores associados às ações de prevenção de acidentes promovidas por professores da Educação Infantil. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, quantitativo com 129 professores atuantes nos Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil de Recife-PE. Os dados foram coletados entre setembro/2017 e junho/2018 por meio de entrevista individual presencial. Utilizou-se análise descritiva e análise bivariada por meio do teste qui-quadrado de Pearson e teste exato de Fisher, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: As ações foram categorizadas em ações relacionadas à estrutura física/mobília da instituição (27,3%), à atuação do professor (47,3%) e às etapas do desenvolvimento da criança (25,4%). A idade entre 20 a 39 anos (p=0,027) e ser casado ou ter união estável (p=0,025) foram associados ao maior número de ações preventivas. Conclusão: Professores mais jovens e que convivem com companheiro promoveram maior número de ações preventivas relacionadas aos acidentes infantis nos Centro de Educação Infantil.
A ocorrência de tumores do sistema nervoso central no estado de Sergipe no período de 2008 a 2017
Authors: Sandes Vanessa dos Anjos , Dantas Raul Lima , Porto Roseane Lima Santos , Reis Fernanda Fontes Prado , Sousa Derijulie Siqueira de , Lima Sonia Oliveira , Marcena Sônia Lima Santana , Reis Francisco Prado
Published: November 2020

Objetivos: Determinar a frequência e o perfil epidemiológico da ocorrência dos tumores do SNC no Estado de Sergipe, de 2008 a 2017 e seus principais tipos histológicos, comparando a achados semelhantes de outras regiões do Brasil e de outros países. Métodos: O estudo desenho transversal e retrospectivo, e abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, teve uma amostra de 132 casos de diagnósticos de tumores cerebrais armazenados em um banco eletrônico do Laboratório SOLIM Medicina Diagnóstica (ISO 9001).  Os dados foram tabulados no programa Microsoft Office Excel® 2016 e, analisados estatisticamente por meio dos programas IBM® SPSS® Statistics 24 e MedCalc® (Version 18.9). Para a análise e descrição das variáveis foram empregados os testes de: qui-quadrado (χ2) de Pearson; Kruskal-Wallis; e Shapiro-Wilks. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: Os tumores do SNC ocorreram com mais frequência nos pacientes do sexo feminino, em adultos, principalmente na faixa etária entre 51 e 70 anos, na raça parda e em casados. Nos anos de 2014-15 ocorreu um maior número de casos. O glioma foi o tipo de tumor mais encontrado, seguido pelo meningioma. Conclusão: Os achados, em geral, corroboram com aqueles encontrados na maior parte da literatura. Os dados foram diferentes quanto à raça e ao sexo.
Influência das condições de armazenamento de alcoolaturas das sementes de sucupira (Pterodon emarginatus) na presença de seus metabólitos bioativos
Authors: Oliveira Jhonatan Bispo de , Silva Bárbara Ferreira Lemos da , Machado Ana Maria de Resende , Lucas Esther Maria Ferreira
Published: November 2020

O tratamento de afecções inflamatórias empregando fitoterápicos preparados pela maceração de sementes de sucupira em bebidas alcoólicas é uma prática comum. A volatilidade e labilidade dos metabólitos pode promover variações na composição química dos fitoterápicos, conforme as condições de armazenamento. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar como o armazenamento afetam o perfil químico de extratos hidroalcóolicos de sementes de sucupira, principalmente em relação a presença e concentração relativa dos metabólitos bioativos. Para tanto, foram preparadas macerações de sementes de sucupira 10% (p/v) em álcool 70 °GL e, em duplicata. O acondicionamento destas foi realizado em frascos transparentes e âmbar que foram armazenados em condições variadas: em contato direto com a irradiação solar, a temperatura ambiente, em refrigerador e em freezer. Após 15, 45, 90 e 155 dias foram retiradas alíquotas de cada amostra e, estas tiveram seus perfis químicos determinados por técnica de cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-EM). O armazenamento por períodos de 15, 45 e 90 dias levou a alteração química significativa, apenas das amostras expostas simultaneamente ao calor e luz solar. Aos 115 dias de armazenamento, as amostras armazenadas em frasco âmbar, nas demais condições de armazenamento, não exibiram todos os metabólitos extraídos, mas mantiveram a presença dos compostos que apresentam ação aint-inflamatória. Por tais resultados é possível concluir que as preparações caseiras, armazenadas a temperatura ambiente, sob refrigeração e congeladas, manterão a presença dos metabólitos de ação anti-inflamatória mesmo quando armazenadas por 115 dias, independente se este armazenamento ocorrer em frasco âmbar ou transparente.
Elevação da margem profunda: uma possibilidade restauradora a ser considerada
Authors: Langoni Alessa Cunha , Almeida Gabriela Cristina Tavares Araújo , Mota Isabelly Bárbara de Oliveira , Dietrich Lia , Nascimento Fernando , Viana Henrique Cury
Published: November 2020

O presente trabalho trata-se de um relato de caso clínico de um paciente que apresentava o dente 16 com elevado grau de destruição e parede distal a nível subgengival. Diante disso, a pesquisa visa facilitar o entendimento da técnica Deep Margin Elevation (DME) e divulgá-la aos graduandos e profissionais da área odontológica. A elevação da margem gengival consiste em uma técnica de caráter simples e eficaz, na qual são dispensáveis etapas cirúrgicas para estabelecimento da manutenção e preservação do periodonto. A técnica permite a elevação da margem subgengival, devendo haver 3 mm de estrutura dentária íntegra acima da crista alveolar, respeitando-se, dessa forma, a dimensão do epitélio juncional e a inserção conjuntiva. A DME deve seguir um protocolo, levando-se em conta o processo de seleção de materiais, o qual deve ser feito corretamente para que se mantenha a homeostasia da região e a confecção de restauração bem adaptada e polida. Conclui-se, diante das pesquisas realizadas por meio do presente estudo, que a DME é uma técnica muito útil no tratamento de destruições a nível subgengival, evitando, em determinados casos, a ocorrência de procedimentos invasivos, e proporcionando, dessa forma, a preservação da estrutura dentária. O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo demostrar a técnica DME, através do relato de um caso clínico, a fim de facilitar o entendimento sobre o assunto e contribuir para que discentes e profissionais da área odontológica consigam reproduzir a técnica em seu dia a dia clínico.
Dislipidemia na infância e adolescência: um olhar para educação em saúde
Authors: Diniz Susana Nogueira , Lima Thiago da Silva , Marques Audrey de Souza , Okuyama Cristina Eunice
Published: November 2020

Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico situacional da prevalência de dislipidemias em crianças e adolescentes no Brasil. E, verificar na Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) se há uma proposta de abordagem nas escolas brasileiras sobre hábitos saudáveis de vida e promoção da saúde. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa utilizando-se da abordagem da revisão integrativa de dados do perfil lipídico disponíveis em teses e dissertações. A avaliação interpretativa da BNCC foi realizada através da descrição de habilidades e competências das disciplinas de Educação Física, Ciências e Biologia para verificar a presença do tema promoção da saúde e provocar uma reflexão sobre maneiras ou formas de abordagem desse conteúdo no ensino do país. Os resultados demonstram que é alta a prevalência de dislipidemia em crianças e adolescentes propiciando um potencial risco para o desenvolvimento de doença cardiovascular na vida adulta. Além disso, de acordo com a BNCC, as diretrizes de orientação do tema nos âmbitos escolares ocorrem de forma discreta e somente após a idade na qual os hábitos individuais já estão estabelecidos. Portanto, este estudo mostra a necessidade de medidas para o diagnóstico precoce, associado a programas de prevenção das dislipidemias e ações de educação, conscientização e definição de políticas públicas voltadas à promoção da saúde. Além disso, sugere que o conhecimento científico articulado ao Ensino de Ciências, pode estimular o processo de percepção dos educandos sobre a importância de uma rotina de vida fisicamente ativa e a implantação de hábitos alimentares saudáveis, para a promoção da saúde.
Repeated Phase Shifts in the Lighting Regimen Change the Blood Pressure Response to Norepinephrine Stimulation in Rats
Authors: MOLCAN L. , VESELA A. , ZEMAN M.
Published: November 2020

Disturbed circadian activity of the sympathetic system may be involved in negative consequences of chronodisruption on the cardiovascular system. We studied daily changes in pressure response to adrenergic stimulation in rats exposed to repeated phase advance shifts (PAS) of light/dark (LD) regimen. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and locomotor activity was measured by radiotelemetry in normotensive Wistar rats exposed to repeated PAS (three 8-h shifts per week) lasting for 12 weeks. Norepinephrine was administered subcutaneously in the middle of L and D during week 12 of PAS exposure. In the control LD cycle, cardiovascular parameters exhibited significant daily rhythms with expected higher values during D than L phase. Rats exposed to PAS showed disturbed rhythms without a BP and HR increase. Administration of norepinephrine to control rats revealed daily variability in the cardiovascular response with higher stimulation of BP during L than D. This daily pattern of BP response to norepinephrine was diminished in the PAS group. The damped daily variability in pressure response to norepinephrine and augmented response during the light phase of the day suggest that the increased and desynchronized activity of the sympathetic system may worsen responses of the cardiovascular system to load in individuals exposed to irregular LD conditions.
An Updated View of Leptin on Implantation and Pregnancy: A Review
Authors: HERRID M. , PALANISAMY S. K. A. , CILLER U. A. , FAN R. , MOENS P. , SMART N. A. , MCFARLANE J. R.
Published: November 2020

The hormone leptin, which is thought to be primarily produced by adipose tissue, is a polypeptide that was initially characterized by its ability to regulate food intake and energy metabolism. Leptin appears to signal the status of body energy stores to the brain, resulting in the regulation of food intake and whole-body energy expenditure. Subsequently, it was recognized as a cytokine with a wide range of peripheral actions and is involved in the regulation of a number of physiological systems including reproduction. In the fed state, leptin circulates in the plasma in proportion to body adiposity in all species studied to date. However other factors such as sex, age, body mass index (BMI), sex steroids and pregnancy may also affect leptin levels in plasma. In pregnant mice and humans, the placenta is also a major site of leptin expression. Leptin circulates in biological fluids both as free protein and in a form that is bound to the soluble isoform of its receptor or other binding proteins such as one of the immunoglobulin superfamily members Siglec-6 (OB-BP1). Although the actions of leptin in the control of reproductive function are thought to be exerted mainly via the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, there have also been reports of local direct effects of leptin at the peripheral level, however, these data appear contradictory. Therefore, there is a need to summarize the current status of research outcomes and analyze the possible reasons for differing results and thus provide researchers with new insight in designing experiments to investigate leptin effect on reproduction. Most importantly, our recent experimental data suggesting that reproductive performance is improved by decreasing concentrations of peripheral leptin was unexpected and cannot be explained by hypotheses drawn from the experiments of excessive exogenous leptin administration to normal animals or ob/ob mice.
Reverse Transport of Cholesterol Is the Reason for Resistance to Development of Atherosclerosis in Prague Hereditary Hypercholesterolemic (PHHC) Rat
Authors: SCHMIEDTOVA M. , HECZKOVA M. , KOVAR J. , KRALOVA LESNA I. , POLEDNE R.
Published: November 2020

The Prague Hereditary Hypercholesterolemic (PHHC) rat is a model of hypercholesterolemia. In previous experiments, it was found to be completely resistant to the development of atherosclerosis. It was assumed that the reverse transport of cholesterol (RCT) might be the reason for this resistance. In this study, RCT was measured in vivo by cholesterol efflux from macrophages to plasma, using previously established methods for RCT in mice (Rader 2003), optimized for measurements in rats. Primary cell culture of macrophages was labeled with 14C-cholesterol and then injected intraperitoneally into rats. Plasma and feces were collected at 24 and 48 h. The plasma 14C-cholesterol levels at both 24 and 48 h were significantly higher in male PHHC rats compared to control Wistar rats. The PHHC rats excreted less 14C-cholesterol in feces in 24 and 48 h compared to Wistar rats. The largest pool of 14C-cholesterol was found in the adipose tissue of PHHC rats and in contrast lower levels of 14C-cholesterol were measured in the liver and muscle tissues of PHHC rats compared with Wistar rats. Increasing release of 14C-cholesterol efflux from macrophages demonstrates accelerated RTC and leads to prevention of atherogenesis in PHHC rats.
Protection of Dopamine Neurons by Vibration Training and Up-Regulation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in a MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: ZHAO L. , HE L. X. , HUANG S. N. , GONG L. J. , LI L. , LV Y. Y. , QIAN Z. M.
Published: November 2020

It is unknown whether the longer duration of vibration training (VT) has a beneficial effect on Parkinson's disease (PD). And also, the mechanisms underlying the reported sensorimotor-improvement in PD induced by short-duration of VT has not been determined. Here, we investigated the effects of longer duration (4 weeks) of low amplitude vibration (LAV) training on the numbers of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra by immunostaining and the levels of dopamine (DA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the striatum by HPLC and ELISA in the chronic MPTP lesion mouse. We demonstrated for the first time that the longer duration of VT could significantly increase the numbers of nigrostriatal DA neurons and the contents of striatal DA and BDNF in the MPTP mice. Our findings implied that longer duration of VT could protect dopaminergic neurons from the MPTP-induced damage probably by upregulating BDNF and also provided evidence for the beneficial effect of longer duration of VT on PD at the cellular and molecular level.
A Model of Multi-Domain Clustering for Local Network in Modern Vehicles
Authors: Pavlenko E. Yu. , Vasilyeva K.S. , Zegzhda P.D.
Published: November 2020

The paper reviews prospects of using domain architecture as a basis for implementing the car network security mechanism, based on the ECU authentication. It contains an analysis of the existing methods of domain formation and proposes a method for a comprehensive assessment of the security classes of car's components, taking into account, in addition to the functional purpose of the ECU, a list of its interfaces, interaction with other ECUs, the difference between integrity levels of slave devices. Also it proffers a network clustering approach based on combining elements of one security class into a domain.
Classification of Hemodynamics Using a Diagnostic Nomogram and Ambulatory Blood Pressure Data
Authors: Voitikova M.V. , Khursa R.V.
Published: November 2020

This article provides a detailed overview of the hemodynamic nomogram, a new diagnostic tool in hemodynamics based on the linear regression modeling of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring data (ABPM) and the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. We investigated the classification capability and practical usage of the diagnostic nomogram, as well as cardiovascular phenomena described and limitations of linear modeling.One of the practical applications of the nomogram is the ability to retrace changes in ABPM parameters due to antihypertensive therapy. Misclassifications are explained by nonlinear properties of the hemodynamics of diastolic type.
Center of Mass Theorem and the Separation of Variables for Two-Body System on a Three-Dimensional Sphere
Authors: Kurochkin Yu. , Shoukavy Dz. , Boyarina I.
Published: November 2020

The immobility of the center of mass in spaces of constant curvature is postulated based on its definition obtained in [1]. The system of two particles which interact through a potential depending only on the distance between particles on a three-dimensional sphere is considered. The Hamilton-Jacobi equation is formulated and its solutions and trajectory equations are found. It was established that the reduced mass of the system depends on the relative distance.
P PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TEAM GAMES TOURNAMENT TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KIMIA SISWA KELAS X SMAN 1 AMBALAWI
Authors: Munandar Arif Munandar , Haerani Haerani Haerani
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Teams Games Tournament terhadap hasil belajar kimia siswa pada materi konfigurasi elektron di kelas X SMAN 1 Ambalawi tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Pembelajaran  kooperatif  tipe  TGT  terdiri  dari  5  komponen  utama,  yaitu: presentasi di kelas, tim (kelompok), game (permainan), turnamnet (pertandingan) dan rekongnisi tim (penghargaan kelompok). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen semu (quasi experiment). Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X IPA 3 sebagai kelas eksperimen yang diberi perlakuan model pembelajaran Teams Games Tournament    dan  siswa  kelas  X  IPA 2  yang  diberi  metode ceramah. Perolehan nilai rata rata hasil belajar siswa kelas eksperimen adalah 82.52 dengan skor tertinggi 100 dan skor terendah sebesar 40 sedangkan pada kelas kontrol memiliki skor rata-rata sebesar 69.67 dengan skor tertinggi 90 dan skor terendah 55. Teknik analisis data yang dilakukan untuk uji normalitas  adalah  uji  Kolmogorov-Smirnova dan  uji  homogenitas  menggunakan  uji Levene, dilanjutkan dengan uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan uji Mann Whitney U, hasil uji Mann Whitney U diperoleh nilai signifikansinnya sebesar 0.00, maka 0.00  < 0.05. Hal   ini   menunjukan   bahwa   terdapat   pengaruh   model   pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT (teams  games  tournament)  terhadap  hasil  belajar  kimia siswa pada materi konfigurasi elektron
Forced Removal of National Minority Children in the Swedish and Finnish Arctic through Schooling
Authors: Palo Annbritt , Kokkola Lydia , Manderstedt Lena
Published: November 2020

Whilst the colonial practices of child removal outside of Europe are (in-)famous, similar practices within Europe have received less critical attention. This paper examines novels and short stories set in Sweden, Finland, and the border area known as the Torne Valley. It analyses the literary portrayal of the forced removals of children, almost exclusively from the Sámi- and the Finnish/Meänkieli-speaking minorities, into workhouses or boarding schools in the Arctic regions of Sweden and Finland in the twentieth century. These stories are set against the historical background; our focus is on modalities of the trauma experienced. The discussion reveals recurring themes regarding the direct and indirect violence experienced by children, and highlights the inadequacies in the theorisation of coloniser-colonised situations developed in other contexts for describing European Arctic literature.
Fahruddîn-i İrâkî'nin Hayatı ve Eserleri
Authors: ORKİN Şeyhmus
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışmada hicri 7. yüzyılın ünlü mutasavvıf şairlerinden olan Faḫruddîn-i ‘İrâḳî’nin hayatı, yazdığı eserler, eserlerinin tespit edilmiş yazma nüshaları ve tenkitli neşirleri incelenmiştir. ‘İrâḳî ile ilgili tenkitli neşir çalışmaları genellikle İran’da yapıldığından İran’da yayımlanmış olan neşirler tespit edilmiş bu neşirlerde kullanılan yazma nüshalar hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Şairlerin yaşamlarını konu alan tezkirelerden ‘İrâḳî’nin hayatıyla ilgili malumatlar elde edebilmek için ilgili kaynaklar araştırılmış ve şairin kendi eserleri de onun yaşamına ışık tutacak noktaların tespit edilebilmesi amacıyla tetkik edilmiştir. Ulaşılan malumatlara göre şairin yaşamıyla ilgili en geniş bilginin bulunduğu Dîvân mukaddimesi, diğer tezkirelere ve yeni araştırmaların neredeyse tümüne kaynaklık etmiştir. İran’da, ‘İrâḳî’nin hem bütün eserlerini içerisinde barındıran külliyatın tenkitli neşirleri hem de sadece Dîvânı’nın tenkitli neşirleri azımsanmayacak sayıda yapılmıştır. Fakat Iṣṭılâḥâṭ-ı Sûfîye, Lema‘ât ve ‘Uşşâḳnâme Türkçeye tercüme edilmesine rağmen Dîvânı henüz yeterli ilgiyi görememiş, Türkçeye de tercüme edilmemiştir. Türkiye kütüphanelerinde ‘İrâḳî’nin eserlerinin birçok yazmasının bulunması da dikkat çekmiştir.
Updating ambiguous word meanings: a role for the language-selective fronto-temporal network
Authors: MacGregor Lucy J , Gilbert Rebecca A , Balewski Zuzanna , Mitchell Daniel , Erzinclioglu Sharon W , Rodd Jennifer M , Duncan John , Fedorenko Evelina , Davis Matthew H
Published: November 2020

Semantically ambiguous words (e.g. "bark") challenge word meaning access. An effective comprehension system can use immediate contextual cues and adapt in response to recent experience. We explored the contributions of the domain-specific Language Network and the domain-general Multiple Demand Networks by analysing behavioural data from volunteers with lesions to these two networks. Results from a sentence coherence judgement task show that word meaning access was more challenging for sentences containing ambiguous words (slower response times) but damage location and extent did not affect comprehension accuracy. Results from a subsequent word association task showed an increase in preference for lower frequency word meanings following recent experience with these words (Word Meaning Priming Effect). The size of this effect was reduced when there was greater damage to the Language Network, but not the MD Network and not overall damage, and was not driven by poorer comprehension.
Update of Immunosenescence in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Jian Banghao , Hu Mengyan , Cai Wei , Zhang Bingjun , Lu Zhengqi
Published: November 2020

Aging of the central nervous system (CNS) is closely associated with chronic sterile low-grade inflammation in older organisms and related immune response. As an amplifier for neuro-inflammaging, immunosenescence remodels and deteriorates immune systems gradually with the passage of time, and finally contributes to severe outcomes like stroke, dementia and neurodegeneration in elderly adults. Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), one of the major causes of vascular dementia, has an intensive connection with the inflammatory response and immunosenescence plays a crucial role in the pathology of this disorder. In this review, we discuss the impact of immunosenescence on the development of CSVD and its underlying mechanism. Furthermore, the clinical practice significance of immunosenescence management and the diagnosis and treatment of CSVD will be also discussed.
Effects of Radiotherapy or Radical Prostatectomy on the Risk of Long-Term Heart-Specific Death in Patients With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Guo Yadong , Dong Xiaohui , Yang Fuhan , Yu Yang , Wang Ruiliang , Kadier Aimaitiaji , Zhang Wentao , Mao Shiyu , Zhang Aihong , Yao Xudong
Published: November 2020

Objective: The prognosis of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) has improved in recent years, but treatment-related cardiotoxicity remains unclear. This study investigated the heart-specific mortality and prognostic factors of patients with PCa after radiotherapy (RT) or radical prostatectomy (RP), and compared their long-term heart-specific mortality with that of the general male population.

Materials and Methods: Data were taken from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) database. Patients with PCa were included who underwent RT or RP from 2000 to 2012, and were followed through 2015. A cumulative mortality curve and a competitive risk regression model were applied to assess the prognostic factors of heart-specific mortality. Standardized mortality rates (SMRs) were calculated.

Results: Of 389,962 men, 49.7% and 50.3% received RP and RT, respectively. The median follow-up was 8.3 years. For patients given RT, in about 9 years postdiagnosis, the cumulative mortality due to heart-specific disease exceeded that due to PCa. In patients who underwent RP, cumulative mortality from heart-specific disease or PCa was comparable. Relative to the general male population, overall, the heart-specific mortality of patients with PCa receiving RT or RP was not higher, but in patients aged 70 to 79 years, those given RT experienced slightly higher heart-specific mortality than the age-matched general population.

Conclusions: Patients with PCa treated with RT or RP overall do not incur risk of heart-specific mortality higher than that of the general male population, except for patients aged 70–74 years receiving RT.
A Combined Phytochemistry and Network Pharmacology Approach to Reveal the Effective Substances and Mechanisms of Wei-Fu-Chun Tablet in the Treatment of Precancerous Lesions of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Wang Huijun , Wu Ruoming , Xie Dong , Ding Liqin , Lv Xing , Bian Yanqin , Chen Xi , Nisma Lena Bahaji Azami , Wang Shunchun , Li Kun , Chen Wei , Ye Guan , Sun Mingyu
Published: November 2020

Wei-Fu-Chun (WFC) tablet is a commercial medicinal product approved by China Food and Drug Administration, which is made of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey., Citrus aurantium L., and Isodon amethystoides (Benth.). WFC has been popularly used for the treatment of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC) in clinical practice. In this study, a UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS method in both positive and negative ion mode was employed to rapidly survey the major constituents of WFC. 178 compounds including diterpenoids, triterpenes, sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, saponins, phenylpropanoids, lignans, coumarins, organic acids, fatty acids, quinones, and sterols, were identified by comparing their retention times, accurate mass within 5 ppm error, and MS fragmentation ions. In addition, 77 absorbed parent molecules and nine metabolites in rat serum were rapidly characterized by UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS. The network pharmacology method was used to predict the active components, corresponding therapeutic targets, and related pathways of WFC in the treatment of PLGC. Based on the main compounds in WFC and their metabolites in rat plasma and existing databases, 13 active components, 48 therapeutic targets, and 61 pathways were found to treat PLGC. The results of PLGC experiment in rats showed that WFC could improve the weight of PLGC rats and the histopathological changes of gastric mucosa partly by inhibiting Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway to increase pepsin secretion. This study offers an applicable approach to identify chemical components, absorbed compounds, and metabolic compounds in WFC, and provides a method to explore bioactive ingredients and action mechanisms of WFC.
Assimilation of Sentinel-2 Estimated LAI into a Crop Model: Influence of Timing and Frequency of Acquisitions on Simulation of Water Stress and Biomass Production of Winter Wheat
Authors: Tewes Andreas , Montzka Carsten , Nolte Manuel , Krauss Gunther , Hoffmann Holger , Gaiser Thomas
Published: November 2020

The Sentinel-2 (S2) Toolbox permits for the automated retrieval of leaf area index (LAI). LAI assimilation into crop simulation models could aid to improve the prediction accuracy for biomass at field level. We investigated if the combined effects of assimilation date and corresponding growth stage plus observational frequency have an impact on the crop model-based simulation of water stress and biomass production. We simulated winter wheat growth in nine fields in Germany over two years. S2 LAI estimations for each field were categorized into three phases, depending on the development stage of the crop at acquisition date (tillering, stem elongation, booting to flowering). LAI was assimilated in every possible combinational setup using the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). We evaluated the performance of the simulations based on the comparison of measured and simulated aboveground biomass at harvest. The results showed that the effects on water stress remained largely limited, because it mostly occurred after we stopped LAI assimilation. With regard to aboveground biomass, we found that the assimilation of only one LAI estimate from either the tillering or the booting to flowering stage resulted in simulated biomass values similar or closer to measured values than in those where more than one LAI estimate from the stem elongation phase were assimilated. LAI assimilation after the tillering phase might therefore be not necessarily required, as it may not lead to the desired improvement effect.
Co-Infections of Tilapia Lake Virus, Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae in Farmed Red Hybrid Tilapia
Authors: Basri Lukman , Nor Roslindawani Md. , Salleh Annas , Md. Yasin Ina Salwany , Saad Mohd Zamri , Abd. Rahaman Nor Yasmin , Barkham Timothy , Amal Mohammad Noor Azmai
Published: November 2020

A high death rate among red hybrid tilapias was observed in a farm in Selangor, Malaysia, in January 2020. The affected fish appeared lethargic, isolated from schooling group, showed loss of appetite, red and haemorrhagic skin, exophthalmia and enlarged gall bladders. Histopathological assessment revealed deformation of kidney tubules, and severe congestion with infiltrations of inflammatory cells in the brains and kidneys. Syncytial cells and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were occasionally observed in the liver and brain sections. Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV), Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae were identified in the affected fish, either through isolation or through PCR and sequencing analysis. The phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the TiLV strain in this study was closely related to the previously reported Malaysian strain that was isolated in 2019. On the other hand, A. hydrophila and S. agalactiae were closer to Algerian and Brazilian strains, respectively. The multiple antibiotic resistance index for A. hydrophila and S. agalactiae was 0.50 and 0.25, respectively. Co-infections of virus and bacteria in cultured tilapia is a new threat for the tilapia industry.
Further Examination of the Performance of Blank Cartridges Used in Captive Bolt Devices for the Pre-Slaughter Stunning of Animals
Authors: Grist Andrew , Bock Randall , Knowles Toby G. , Wotton Stephen B.
Published: November 2020

Blank cartridges produce gas through deflagration and are used as the main power source in captive bolt devices used within abattoirs and on farms in Europe. The European legislation recognises this and requires users to follow manufacturers’ recommendations in terms of which power cartridge to use. Variation in cartridge performance of Eley (E) cartridges was found in previous research, which was published before Accles and Shelvoke (AS) started full production of their own cartridges. This work examined cartridge performance, structural integrity and dimensional tolerances, and found that the new AS cartridges that varied more greatly in performance in terms of velocity, kinetic energy and mechanical stability of casing than the more established E cartridges. In this study, 15% of the cartridges split at the primer flange on firing, resulting in less kinetic energy, which could impact the ability of the captive bolt to produce a successful stun. This, combined with the variation in performance in a primary component of a device that should have a uniform performance, could lead to animal welfare issues as this variation cannot be predetermined by examination of the cartridge pre firing.
Understanding the Influence of the Head Coach on Soccer Training Drills—An 8 Season Analysis
Authors: Barrett Steve , Varley Matthew C. , Hills Samuel P. , Russell Mark , Reeves Matt , Hearn Adam , Towlson Christopher
Published: November 2020

Soccer players perform a variety of training drills to develop the physical, technical and tactical qualities required for match-play. The role of coaches in prescribing training suggests that players may not always meet physical targets set by conditioning staff. To quantify the physical outputs elicited by different training drill types, 183 professional soccer players were monitored over 8 seasons using Microelectromechanical Systems during normal training, yielding 65,825 drill observations [362 ± 341 observations·player−1]. Linear mixed models assessed the influence of drill type, head coach and playing position on physical output. Drills lasted ~14 min, eliciting total distances and high speed running of ~1000 m and 40 m, respectively. Conditioning drills elicited substantially greater relative high-speed running [18.8 ± 27.2 m.min−1] and Sprint [3.5 ± 9.4 m.min−1] distances than all other drill types. The proportion of training drill types used and external outputs elicited per drill were affected by the head coach. Midfielders recorded the highest total distance [77.3 ± 36.1 m.min] and PlayerLoad™ [8.29 ± 3.54] of any playing position, whilst the lowest outputs were recorded by goalkeepers. This study provides reference data for practitioners when seeking to manipulate training prescription to achieve physical output targets whilst also meeting the team’s technical and tactical objectives.
Understanding Biotic Stress and Hormone Signalling in Cassava (Manihot esculenta): Potential for Using Hyphenated Analytical Techniques
Authors: Rauwane Molemi , Ntushelo Khayalethu
Published: November 2020

Biotic stresses often constitute major factors limiting global crop yields. A better understanding of plant responses to these stresses will facilitate efforts to improve stress tolerance and yields, especially in a climatically changing world. Numerous attempts have been made to confer tolerance/resistance to biotic stresses using both traditional and modern breeding methods. Mechanisms of biotic stress tolerance controlled by signalling networks and the analysis of genes controlling the yield and biotic stress tolerance are discussed. This review presents a report on the hormonal response of cassava to biotic stresses and the potential use of hyphenated analytical techniques to understand biotic stress hormonal responses. Hyphenated analytical techniques are reliable tools for understanding the response of cassava to biotic stresses, thereby accelerating the process of the development of biotic stress-tolerant/resistant genotypes for breeding purposes.
Thermal Investigations on Carbon Nanotubes by Spectroscopic Techniques
Authors: Caccamo Maria Teresa , Mavilia Giuseppe , Magazù Salvatore
Published: November 2020

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) thanks to their unique physical properties have been employed in several innovative applications particularly for energy storage applications. Certain technical features of carbon nanotubes, such as their remarkable specific surface, mechanical strength, as well as their electron and thermal conductivity are suitable for these applications. Furthermore, in order to produce a device, thermal treatment is needed and for this reason the trend of thermal decomposition of the tubes plays a key role in the integration process. The main purpose of this work was to characterize the thermal behavior of CNTs. In particular, we show the findings of an experimental study on CNTs performed by means of Fourier Transform InfraRed and Raman spectroscopy investigations. The collected FTIR and Raman spectra were analyzed by using two innovative procedures: spectral distance (SD) and wavelet cross correlation (XWT). From both analyses, a relaxation temperature value emerged of T = 206 °C, corresponding to a relaxation inflection point. Such a system relaxation phenomenon, occurring in the fiber CNTs, could be connected with the decay of the mechanical properties due to a decrease in the alignment and compaction of the fibers.
NDT Methods Suitable for Evaluation the Condition of Military Fortification Construction in the Field
Authors: Eva Zezulová , Kamila Hasilová , Tereza Komárková , Patrik Stoniš , Jiří Štoller , Ondřej Anton
Published: November 2020

The protective structure is designed to protect the live force against the impact of a shock wave and projectiles, it cannot be diagnosed by the destructive method which devalues the protective structure by sampling. The authors are looking for a combination of suitable non-destructive technology (NDT) methods that would be used in the future to prove the degree of damage to cement-based protective structures after an explosion. This article represents the first part of an experiment designed to verify the applicability of NDT methods, to evaluate the degree of damage of the protective structure in the field. The experiment consists of three parts. The first part is a laboratory verification of the initial material characteristics of the materials used. The first test set of structural elements is made of steel fiber-reinforced concrete. The elements are evaluated using NDT methods and for comparison by destructive laboratory methods. The second part is the impact of structures using explosion and evaluation of the condition of structures using NDT methods in the field. The last part is used to verify the results of the NDT method, which ensures the residual strength of the structure in the laboratory and try to find the relationship between changes in the results of NDT methods and the residual strength. Radiography was included in the introductory and concluding parts of the experiment to verify the results. Although this method is not suitable for using in-situ, it is the only standardized method of the NDT methods used.
Effect of the Anti-Yaw Damper on Carbody Vertical Vibration and Ride Comfort of Railway Vehicle
Authors: Dumitriu Mădălina , Stănică Dragoș Ionuț
Published: November 2020

The theoretical research on means to reduce the vertical vibrations and improve the ride comfort of the railway vehicle relies on a mechanical model obtained from the simplified representation of the vehicle, while considering the important factors and elements affecting the vibration behaviour of the carbody. One of these elements is the anti-yaw damper, mounted longitudinally, between the bogie and the vehicle carbody. The anti-yaw damper reduces the lateral vibrations and inhibits the yaw motion of the vehicle, a reason for which this element is not usually introduced in the vehicle model when studying the vertical vibrations. Nevertheless, due to the position of the clamping points of the anti-yaw damper onto the carbody and the bogie, the damping force is generated not only in the yawing direction but also in the vertical and longitudinal directions. These forces act upon the vehicle carbody, impacting its vertical vibration behaviour. The paper analyzes the effect of the anti-winding damper on the vertical vibrations of the railway vehicle carbody and the ride comfort, based on the results derived from the numerical simulations. They highlight the influence of the damping, stiffness and the damper mounting angle on the power spectral density of the carbody vertical acceleration and the ride comfort index.