bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Offshore Patrol Vessel Models for Seakeeping and Maneuvering Improvement using Anti-Rolling Fins
Authors: Asmara I P S , Sumardiono  , Alfanda B D , Abdullah K , Rochmad A N
Published: February 2022

Offshore patrol vessel models using anti-rolling fins with variations of fin angle and shape are investigated in this study to improve the seakeeping and maneuvering performances, especially in the combat operation of the vessel. This study focused on the determination of the effect of adding fins to the seakeeping and maneuvering performances by optimizing fin angle and shape fitted on the ship hull. The 3D ship model with three variations of fin’s shape and four variations of the fin angle was analyzed using a numerical method of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software. Result showed that fins type NAIAD 525, has the smallest average roll response occurs at 55 deg fin with motion amplitude 5.4E-05 deg. At the same fin angle, the average pitch amplitude reaches the smallest of 2.7E-03 deg. For PRAXIS type, the smallest average roll response occurs at 60 deg fin with motion amplitude 4.7E-05 deg. But for average pitch amplitude, the lowest value occurs at 45 deg of 2.7E-03 deg. And WESMAR type, the smallest average roll response occurs at 45 deg fin with motion amplitude 3.9E-05 deg. At the same fin angle, the average pitch amplitude reaches the smallest of 2.7E-03 deg. Turning maneuvers parameter of the vessel are comply with the IMO standard. The highest value of Tactical Diameter, which is 4.91 L, occurs in condition of no environmental disturbance, while the highest value of Advance occurs in wind disturbance condition with a value of 4.29 L.
Alternative Method for Stability Assessment of Indonesian Traditional Wooden Boats
Authors: Paroka D. , Azis M.A. , Muhammad A.H. , Rahman S.
Published: February 2022

Due to the small down-flooding angle, the available intact stability criteria were difficult to apply to an Indonesian traditional wooden. This paper discusses the application of the dead ship criteria of Second Generation Intact Stability Criteria as an alternative method to assess the stability of the Indonesian traditional wooden boats. The hydrodynamics factors correspond to the formula to calculate the heel angle due to wave were determined by model experiments. The calculations were conducted for four different down-flooding angles consisting of 20 degrees, 25 degrees, 30 degrees and 35 degrees with scattered wave data of Lombok Strait. The results showed that the critical metacentric height decreases if the down-flooding angle increases. The minimum area under the righting arm curve up to the down-flooding angle tends to be independent of the down-flooding angle. The capsizing index corresponds to the critical metacentric height decreased when the down-flooding angle increased. These results showed that the method to assess ship stability in the Second Generation Intact Stability Criteria could be used to evaluate the stability of the Indonesian traditional wooden boats.
Application of Navigation Light Monitoring and Control in Ship’s KRI Sampari 628 Based on Android
Authors: Pribadi Elwas Cahya Wahyu , Prananda Juniarko , Susanto Eko
Published: February 2022

The current BCC ( Bridge Control Console) system is still controlled manually mainly on the ship’s navigation lights, which requires the crew to come to the BCC room, so it will be difficult if the crew is far from the BCC room. From that problem the author wants to create a digital system, in this case an android-based control and monitoring system for navigation lights which is expected to be practical and efficient to operate both in the BCC room and outside the room. In facing the industrial revolution 4.0, the author uses the scientific field of Internet of Things (IoT) with the main electronic device, namely Arduino UNO with a MEGA 2560 microcontroller as the system control center, as well as the ESP8266 wifi module for controller communication. LDR is used to detect light, relay is used to switch lights, Interface is made based on applications installed on Android and the hardware is a series of systems and prototypes.
Mooring Tension Analysis of the Effect of Mooring Configuration Variations when LNG Carrier Moored to a Jetty
Authors: Yasmin Zein Indah Aqnaita Tidar , Djatmiko Eko Budi , Murdjito
Published: February 2022

Oil and gas exploration is mainly carried out offshore, which results in the need for an efficient means of structure for further onshore oil and gas processing. LNG Carrier is an effective and efficient means of transportation, therefore to maintain and restrain the movement of LNG Carrier during offloading to remain in a stable condition, it is necessary to build a mooring system facility. One of the critical things regarding the mooring system is the configuration of the number of moorings installed. It will affect the determination of operating limits and also the effectiveness of the installation. In this study, configurations will analyze the configuration of mooring vessel to jetty with variations in configurations 2-3-1, 3-3-2, and 4-4-3 and variations in vessel load case using operating environmental conditions and extreme conditions with swell effects. This research focuses on tension analysis in each mooring to find out the proper and effective configuration as well as obtain the operating limits that have been set.
The Strength Evaluation of 5600 DWT Double Hull Oil Tanker Subjected to Fender Load
Authors: Sisworo Sarjito Joko , Mursid Ocid , Samuel
Published: February 2022

The double hull of the oil tanker is more critical on the fender load because the wing tank was void at the full load condition. The strength evaluation of the side hull oil tanker based on fender load using two variables. Scenario A shows that the hull structure was safe based on the fender load. Scenario B shows that the side plate and longitudinal structure were damaged. PIANC needs to review the allowable strength of the pressure of the fender load on the ship with the tank.
Standardization of Technical Specifications and Budget of Charter Rate in Indonesian Oil & Gas Upstream Operation Support Vessel
Authors: Yuniar Willy , Dinariyana A A B
Published: February 2022

Special Task Force for Upstream Oil and Gas Business Activities (SKK Migas) is an institution tasked with managing upstream oil and gas business activities based on Production Sharing Contract (PSC). In carrying out technical evaluations and budget recommendations, there are often differences in specifications and budgets between PSC Contractors. In order to reduce the problems mentioned above, it is necessary to standardize technical specifications and charter rates for operations support vessels which will later be used as the basis for evaluating technical specifications and recommendations for charter budgets, for preparing owner estimates as the basis for negotiations in the ship procurement process. The problem-solving methodology adopted in this research is to collect data on operations support vessels in PSC Contractors and then evaluate the data with Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) through the Elimination Et Choix Traduisant la Realite (ELECTRE) method, then the results will be analysed qualitative data, to further develop a standard technical specification and recommendation for vessels charter rates for each type of vessel.
Study Sedimentation Rate of PLTU Pulang Pisau Due to Jetty Modification in Efforts to Improve Production Capacity
Authors: Huda Abiyani Choirul , Maulana Muhammad Ilham , Pratikto Widi A , Suntoyo  , Wirawani Muhammad Khaisar , Michael Parulian S
Published: February 2022

Pulang Pisau Steam Power Plant (PLTU) is one of the plants that is used to fulfill the electricity needs of the people in Central Kalimantan Province. By using coal as a source of steam production, the Pulang Pisau PLTU has a capacity of up to 2 × 60 MW. Such a large population growth cannot be avoided and it is therefore denied that the Pulang Pisau PLTU is deemed to require additional production capacity. One alternative that can be given is to increase the amount of fuel capacity, namely coal that can be accommodated. By changing the design of the existing jetty, it is expected that ships with larger capacities can lean on the Pulang Pisau power plant pond. In this study, an analysis of sediment volume rate in the existing condition jetty and two alternative jetties in the PLTU river basin area, where the modeling is done using MIKE21. The results of the existing jetty modeling show the sedimentation volume that was line up for 12 months at 9550.017 m3, while the sedimentation volume of alternative jetty 1 and 2 produced for 12 months respectively were 917.444 m3 dan 8616.040 m3. The first alternative jetty is more efficient in dealing with sediment in terms of increasing production capacity. The alternative jetty is considered to be able to maintain the determined vessel draft and not cause excessive sedimentation impacts in the Pulang Pisau power plant area.
Design and Operating System of Floating Waste Treatment Facility in Belakang Padang
Authors: Ali M , Zaman M B , Prastowo H , Pitana T , Priyanta D , Siswantoro N , Busse W
Published: February 2022

The district of Belakang Padang consists of 108 islands. On these islands, 43 islands are inhabited and 65 islands are uninhabited. The source of pollution on this island comes from community activities on land, such as throwing garbage in the sea and so on. In this paper, Floating Waste Treatment Facility will be designed on Self-Propelled Barge (SPB) with principle dimension: Lpp = 13 m; B = 2.48 m; and T = 0.589 m. The barge can accommodate 7 tons of waste consisting of a garbage tank and a sorting process along with a plastic press machine to reduce the volume of plastic waste. In the calculation of the volume requirement for waste weighing 7 tons, that is 16.43 m3. With an estimated 9 hours of sorting work, it can meet the volume of waste needs. The total investment for the construction of this facility is Rp 362,087,076.12 and the annual operating costs are Rp 458,692,802.67. This facility is feasible to build because of the value of several economic metrics as follows: NPV Rp 488,234,793; IRR 26% and PI 2,348.
Design of Ocean Wave Power Plant with a Two-Axis Vertical Pendulum Mechanism System
Authors: Prananda J. , Setiawan A.M. , Baidowi A.
Published: February 2022

Renewable energy is a promising potential for the future, where this energy is low emission and environment friendly. One of the renewable energies that are abundant and rarely used is ocean waves. Energy from ocean waves can be extracted using an ocean wave power plant with a pendulum system (PLTGL-SB). The main components of PLTGL-SB are pontoon and pendulum, where the pendulum will oscillate when ocean waves hit the pontoon. This research will analyze PLTGL-SB with a two-axis mechanism. The analyzes were performed with simulations using CFD applications (computational fluid dynamics) and only used three degrees of freedom (pitching, rolling, and heaving). The design of PLTGL-SB has a length of 2.2 m, a width of 1.3 m, a height of 1.61 m, and an overall mass of 199.5 kg with two axes and two pendulums on each axis. The highest simulation results obtained a maximum deviation angle of 32.31° and an angular velocity of 1.44 rad/s with 10 kg pendulum mass and 1.0 m pendulum length at 0.5 m wave amplitude. If this design is used in the rumah apung Bangsring, it will require seven modules of PLTGL-SB and two additional 12V 50Ah batteries.
Modularization with Rule Based Algorithm in Three-Dimensional Design of Engine Room Layout Harbour Tug Diesel – LNG Dual Fuel Engine 2 × 2500 HP
Authors: Fathallah Aguk Zuhdi Muhammad , Prasojo Laurensius Abhisa Valasranggi , Semin
Published: February 2022

Implementation of the dual-fuel engine as ship main propulsion in Indonesia is low. There is a need for a study about the ship design process for dual fuel engine ship, especially for the engine room. Process and instrumentation diagram can’t give a whole picture of the real engine room, but three-dimensional can provide this. First, this study is to know about the process and instrumentation diagram on harbour tug diesel-LNG dual fuel engine 2 × 2500 HP. Second, this study is to know about the original, clustered, and reordered design structure matrix of all piping components. Third, this study is to know about three-dimensional design using modularization with rule-based algorithm. Components from the bilge & ballast system, oily water separator system, firefighting system, domestic supply and discharge system, marine diesel fuel oil system, LNG fuel oil system, lubricating oil system, cooling system, and compressed air system are inserted in original DSM. The rule-based algorithm is for clustering and reordering. At the end of the original, clustered, and reordered DSM there is a need for the objective function and sum value calculation. In this study, DSM modeler is used to do the clustering and reordering process included in one by clicked clustering algorithm feature. So, in this study is decided that reordering process is done manually using the workflow of the system to ensure that clustering algorithm feature can give clustered and reordered DSM, by compared the objective function and sum value from the original, clustered, and reordered DSM. The result of the objective function and sum value comparison always give less value than the original and clustered DSM. Clustered and reordered DSM had the same value. Sometimes the objective function and sum value of reordered DSM is greater than clustered DSM, which means there is human error when manually reordering the clustered DSM. Less value of the objective function and sum value DSM is used to create three-dimensional. Components that are included in one cluster need to be located nearly. Modularization with rule-based algorithm is applicable in three-dimensional design engine room layout.
Analysis of the Effect of Bend Angle Outlet Main Steam Line on the Steam Flow Characteristic
Authors: Nikmah A , Amalia R , Satrio D
Published: February 2022

Pressure drop is one of the problems that can occur due to bend components in the piping system. To minimize the pressure drop, modification of the bend pipe component was made at the bend outlet of the main steam line. In this study, an analysis of the effect of the bend angle on the pressure drop was carried out on the pressure and velocity steam distribution. The angle variations used are 30°, 45°, and 60° with the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method simulated by CFD software. The simulation results show that the lower the angle of curvature of the pipe, the lower the pressure drop and the lowest pressure drop is obtained in the 30° bend domain of 26.2 kPa. The pressure distribution pattern shows that the pressure value will increase from the inner wall to the outer wall. The greater the bend pipe angle, the greater the possibility of flow separation and pressure drop value. The velocity distribution pattern shows that the flow velocity becomes non-uniform after passing through the bend pipe. The greater the bend angle, the sharper the flow direction so that the time taken is longer. In addition, the greater the bend pipe angle, the greater the flow stagnation.
Numerical Study the Effect of Gap Ratio on Flow Characteristics and Heat Transfer in Staggered Tube Banks
Authors: Ariansyah M N , Diana L , Satrio D
Published: February 2022

Condenser is a type of heat exchanger that serves as condensation for turbine output steam. In general, a steam power plant uses a surface condenser. This type of condenser is a type of shell and tube. Condensers have a phenomenon of convection heat transfer. The change in distance between condenser tubes is one way to increase the rate of heat transfer. To produce maximum heat transfer, it can be determined by the variety of distances between tubes. The research was conducted by analyzing the flow characteristic and heat transfer around condenser tube banks with gap ratio variation (s/d), which compares transverse distance (ST
) and tube diameter (d) with variations of 3.2, 2.7, 2, and 1.7. 2-dimensional simulation with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a numerical method and algorithm for solving and analyzing problems that occur in fluid flows. Based on the results obtained, the smaller the Gap Ratio, the lower the outlet temperature produced and the maximum heat transfer, but the pressure drop value obtained the bigger. Also, the smaller Gap ratio, the bigger v max produced. The lowest outlet temperature value at the variation of 1.7 is 310.66 K, and the coefficient of heat transfer is 103.34 W/m2K. Pressure drop produced at variation 1.7 is 515.99 Pa. Variation 2 is the best gap ratio variation, seen from the heat transfer result and the pressure drop value is not too large. The coefficient heat transfer and pressure drop in variation 2 are 76.95 W/m2K and 119.17 Pa.
Experimental Study on Coupled Motion of Floating Crane Barge and Lifted Module in Irregular Waves
Authors: Firdaus Nurman , Djatmiko Eko Budi , Prastianto Rudi Walujo , Muryadin
Published: February 2022

Installation and decommissioning activities of offshore structures often applied a floating crane barge for a lifting operation. The excessive movement response of lifted module affected by the motion of floating crane barge in waves can increase a large amplitude. However, the coupled motions of a floating crane barge and lifted module are not easy to predict accurately due to the dynamic movement of a lifted module and the complex coupling system. The coupled motion responses of a floating crane barge and a lifted module during lifting operation were investigated based on time domain by experimental method in this study. The model tests are carried out at Manoeuvring and Ocean Basin of Indonesian Hydrodynamic Laboratory, BRIN. The experimental conditions include the load cases of without and with a load of lifted module in crane tip, and the lifting operation was evaluated under irregular wave conditions. The experimental results show in that the phenomena of shift resonant frequency for the dynamic responses are clearly observed on the coupled motion of multibody system. The dynamic oscillations of the lifted module have a significant effect on the motion response of the floating crane barge. And the hoisting of lifted module has an obstructed effect on the rolling motion of crane barge.
Comparison of short-circuit current in AC and DC shipboard electrical power distribution systems: A case study of 17,500 DWT tanker vessel
Authors: Gumilang Ahlur R.N. , Kurniawan Adi , Sarwito Sardono , Budianto Firman , Kurniawan Akhmad R.
Published: February 2022

The current ability of power electronic devices increases the possibility to change the shipboard electrical power distribution system from widely-used alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) systems. DC distribution systems has been known to offer higher power efficiency compared with AC distribution systems. However, the decision to move the shipboard electrical power distribution systems to DC systems requires more information in technical aspects aside of power efficiency. In this study, the investigation to compare short-circuit current between AC and DC distribution systems in non-electric propulsion vessel is conducted. The investigation is performed for electrical power distribution system of 17,500 DWT tanker vessel. Short-circuit current profile for both systems are obtained from simulation in computer software. The results indicate that the DC shipboard electrical power distribution systems has lower short-circuit current than the AC system for the same vessel.
LNG as marine fuel within Indonesia shipping sector, a literature review
Authors: Butarbutar R , Saut Gurning R O , Semin
Published: February 2022

The objective of this study is to review the state of art and the opportunity on LNG development as marine fuel for Indonesian shipping sector. Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) as one of source energy has become one progressing on research and development by several research company, classification society and shipping company. The research that has been done focused on the environmental benefit to the country. This was as a result of increasing quantity of pollutions due to marine fuel used by vessels. The interesting part from the study that LNG will reduce sulphur (SOx) until 90-95 % and reduce the carbon until 25 % which it causes for other alternative energy will develop and progress slowly. The use of natural gas as alternative energy is one of the goals to find the potential solution for ship owner to follow the IMO requirement for the stakeholder to implement the limitation on sulphur content from marine vessel exhaust gas. Annex VI mandated the ship operator to use marine fuel which contain 0.5 % sulphur or install the scrubber which it will expensively cost for the ship owner. LNG from some of literatures shown the most advance compare to other alternative fuel and it will provide benefit from environmental protection and cost efficiency.
Analytical Approach of Wave Transmission Coefficient through on Composite Hanging Breakwater
Authors: Paotonan C , Umar H , Rahman S , Rachman T
Published: February 2022

Conventional breakwater like a rubble mount is require large infestation, especially when that structure construct in deep water. Currently, innovations are needed to solve financial problems in building breakwaters. Composite hanging breakwater is proposed as a new solution in marine structure. Composite hanging breakwater made by both of stone and concrete or steel material consist of two-part are structural part and filler. Structural parts are piles, beams, and brackets made of concrete or steel. Filler material using of stone or other material. This structure has the advantage are cheaper than conventional breakwater, precast material, and the diameter of stone filler is relatively small. Until now, the performance of composite hanging breakwater is unknown. Commonly, the key performance indicator of breakwaters is wave transmission and represent by the waves transmission coefficient. Therefore, in this study, an analytical equation of wave transmission coefficient was developed using the conservation of energy concept. Based on this equation shows that the wave transmission coefficient is influenced by both structure and wave parameter. After the equation has been obtained, then it is compared with previous research. Research that has been used as a comparison includes research by Weigel (1960), Abul-Azm (1993), Liu and Abbaspour (1982), Abu-Azm (1993), Heikal (1997), Koraim (2005), Rage and Koraim (2010), and Koraim (2014). Wave parameter represents by waves steepness implicitly, and structure parameter is represented by the permeability of structure, relative length, and relative depth. The greater the value both of relative depth and length, the smaller value of wave transmission coefficient. The greater the value of structure permeability, the smaller the value of wave transmission coefficient. When the D/h is zero, the wave transmission coefficient is equal to one and when the D/h is equal to one, the transmission coefficient is close to or equal to zero. When the D/h value is less than 0.5, the Kt value in this present study is lower than the Kt value in previous studies for the same D/h value, and when the D/h value is greater or equal to 0.5 then the Kt value is close or the same with the previous study.
Finite Element Analysis and Topology Optimization Design of Anchor Mooring Winch Support Bracket
Authors: Huda Nurul , Mursid Ocid
Published: February 2022

The weight of the deck machinery greatly affects the position of the small ship’s center of gravity so that it also affects the stability of the ship. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct optimization studies to reduce the weight of ship deck machinery, especially anchor mooring winch, by reducing the weight of ship deck machinery will lower the position of the center of gravity of ship so that can improve ship stability. This paper presents the effects of a topology optimization examination based on the finite element evaluation on anchor mooring winch support bracket using the SolidWorks Simulation module. The main intention to examine is to optimize the general weight of the anchor mooring winch support bracket via way of means of thinning specific regions of the anchor mooring winch support bracket in keeping with the calculated minimum strain energy. The topology optimization algorithm that is used in the current study gives an optimal structural shape of the support bracket of the anchor mooring winch with the largest stiffness, considering the given quantity of mass so that it will be eliminated from the preliminary layout space. The complete sequence of steps for carrying out the topology control optimization study is shown, taking into account the constraints arising from the construction features and the method of manufacturing the support bracket of the anchor mooring winch. The layout became carried out, and the effects have been provided via way of means of evaluating the preliminary version and the optimized version. As the result of topology optimization study, its stress was increased by about 4MPa and mass was reduced by about 15kg in comparison with the initial design.
Risk Based Design of LNG Regasification Terminal in Kupang
Authors: Azalia A F , Dinariyana AAB , Artana KB , Ariana IM
Published: February 2022

The government of Indonesia has decided to switch fossil fuel to LNG for power plant fuel supply. According to Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Decree RI No. 13K/13/MEM/2020, the government of Indonesia has decided to switch fossil fuel to LNG for 52 power plants in Indonesia, PLTMG Kupang Peaker is one of them. Currently, there are no facilities for receiving and regasification LNG in Kupang. Therefore, this research will accommodate the design of LNG regasification terminal by utilizing the vacant land in PLTMG Kupang Peaker area. The design is based on NFPA 59A and evaluated through fire risk assessment. In this research, the fire risk assessment consists of identifying hazards with HAZOP studies according to BS IEC 61882 : 2001 standard, frequency analysis through fault tree analysis (FTA) and event tree analysis (ETA), consequences analysis using fire modelling software ALOHA, and risk mapping using f-N curve UK societal risk criteria for process facility. From the risk mapping, there are 4 scenarios that are in the intolerable region. After mitigation using Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA), the frequency value decreases and the risk for 4 scenarios that previously in the intolerable region can be lowered to the acceptable region.
Risk Assessment of Balikpapan-Samarinda Oil Distribution Pipeline Using Kent Muhlbauer Method
Authors: Gyarino S C , Handani D W , Pratiwi E , Prastyasari F I , Ariana I M
Published: February 2022

The planned relocation of the Indonesian capital city to East Kalimantan can lead to an increase in fuel consumption in the area, and to meet all these needs, a pipeline is planned to be built, to transport oil from the Balikpapan BBM Terminal to Samarinda and Palaran. The pipeline system is used for fluid transfer processes that are prone to damage where there are several potential hazards to pipelines and high costs for construction and maintenance, so it takes a lot of consideration in choosing the path to be built and risk assessment of the selected path. This study aims to select an alternative oil distribution pipeline, then identify hazards, analyze frequency, consequences, then represent risks and analyze mitigation efforts in overcoming the damage to the oil distribution pipeline. On alternative pipeline selection, the Analytical Network Process method is used. Alternative 5 was chosen, with combines of segment 1A (onshore), toll segment, Palaran segment, and Samarinda C segment. Then, for risk assessment, Kent Muhlbauer’s model indexing method is used, and based on the results of risk representation by looking at the average relative risk score, which is 19 points when flowing gasoline, and 41 points when flowing gasoil, it is found that segments 3, 4, 2B, 1B, 1D, and 2A are the most vulnerable segments with a relative score below the average. After carrying out risk mitigation actions, it’s found that the segments that are in a vulnerable condition exceed the average value of the previous relative risk score.
System Dynamics Modelling in Determining Scenario of Oil Distribution Balikpapan - Samarinda
Authors: Afanin S S , Handani D W , Pratiwi E , Ariana IM
Published: February 2022

East Kalimantan will be designated as the Ibu Kota Negara (IKN) of Indonesia. Energy consumption is predicted to increase, but based on Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (Bappenas), fuel consumption will slowly be converted to gas. Previously, the process of fulfilling fuel needs in East Kalimantan was fulfilled using tankers, but with the issue of IKN, the government will build oil pipe Balikpapan – Samarinda that distribute fuel from TBBM Tanjung Batu to TBBM Samarinda and TBBM Palaran This research is for determine which scenario are efficient to distribute the fuel using forecasting methods with trend analysis, exponential smoothing, and moving average, while Powersim Studio 8 software is used for system dynamics modelling. With the help of this application, 6 alternative scenarios are made based on the tank capacity of each TBBM to find out the least amount of pigging. From the simulation, it was found that the second alternative is the most efficient for the process of distributing fuel. Where the results of the simulation process obtained pigging of 58 times/year with the capacity of gasoil TBBM Palaran 10000 kl, gasoil TBBM Samarinda 12306 kl and the gasoline is 14562 kl.
Analyses of Automated Bricklaying Workflow Regarding Time and Arrangement
Authors: Vidovszky I , Pém A
Published: February 2022

Bricklaying has been one of the determinant technologies of the construction industry for several thousand years. Even in our modern times, it is one of the most commonly used fields of building construction technologies. There are several reasons, like the lack of human resources on the construction markets or the increasing demands on both reasonably short construction time and high construction quality, the combination of which leads to consideration of applying innovative, automated technologies in more and more fields. With the spread of these advanced techniques, changes and further development on the construction site can be predicted. One of these developing fields will be presumably the field of small, solid construction units, the innovation of which would result in changes regarding the elements and the technology too. In our research, automated bricklaying construction situations are modeled by applying a robotic arm equipped with a linear rail. Some new features are analyzed at the work of using automated systems. Namely, different brick wall construction methods are tested, measured, and analyzed to find optimal solutions for the cases of various sets of influencing factors, like element placement or palette arrangement.
Tracking and Monitoring Technologies to Support Airport Construction Safety
Authors: Hubbard B J , Hubbard S M
Published: February 2022

This paper discusses how advanced tracking and monitoring technologies can be used to increase safety for construction activities at airports. Airport construction is a significant infrastructure sector and in 2020 the Airport Improvement Program funded $300 million for airport projects in the United States. This includes funding for pavement reconstruction, airfield upgrades to meet current standards (e.g., wider runways), the construction of new terminal facilities, and additional capacity (e.g., new runways). The airfield environment presents special hazards for constructors, including proximity to active aircraft operations, and the requirement to comply with many additional rules such as those required by Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the Transportation Security Agency (TSA); many of these rules are required to ensure safety and security. Airport construction activities require close oversight, additional inspections by airport operations personnel, and stringent rules regarding access and operation in different areas of the airfield. Access and operating requirements affect both construction workers and construction equipment, and there are often different rules for different areas at the airport. One of the most restricted areas on an airport is the runway. Access to the runway and the safety area around a runway requires explicit permission from Air Traffic Control (ATC). If a vehicle or pedestrian (or aircraft) crosses the boundary without permission, it is considered a runway incursion. A runway incursion could cause a major incident at the airport and could result in injuries and fatalities. Runway incursion events are recorded by the FAA and represent a serious safety violation for the airport. Runway incursions and the technology to prevent incursions are discussed as an example that illustrates the need for and benefits of accurate monitoring of construction equipment and personnel. Technologies that may be used to enhance tracking and support situational awareness are present to illustrate the possible ways that enhanced monitoring can be used at an airport. Solutions may include the use of advanced technologies such as real-time vehicle location sensors, which may be combined with robust electronic maps to enhance safety for construction equipment and personnel location in the airfield environment. A discussion of opportunities and challenges of these systems is detailed.
An artificial neural network analysis of the satisfaction of hospital building maintenance services
Authors: Olanrewaju AL , Tan W X
Published: February 2022

Modern hospital buildings are very large, complex, sophisticated, and costly structures. The productivity of the hospital building users is influenced by the building performance. Maintenance services are conducted on the buildings to ensure optimum building performance and users’ satisfaction. However, many instances, have been recorded dissatisfactions among the hospital building users with respect to the performance of the maintenance services. This research investigated the satisfaction of private hospital building users with respect to maintenance services through a survey questionnaire that included ten satisfaction of maintenance services. The data revealed that the users are most satisfied with the standard of workmanship, cleanliness of the maintained area, communication with users during maintenance works, and degree of politeness and kindness of the maintenance workers. Using the nine/ten as the independent variables, an artificial neural network model to predict the satisfaction of users with maintenance services was presented. The model revealed that cleanliness and tidiness of the maintained area and the quality of maintenance works are the main predictors of the total maintenance service delivery of the maintenance organisations.
Configuring BIM models to Support A Systems-Driven Visualization Approach: A Case Study
Authors: Ensafi M , Harode A , Thabet W
Published: February 2022

Models developed through design and construction are not intended to support facility management. They don’t generally have the life-cycle data and information required or they are not configured to support visualization of model graphics from a system’s perspective. Current implementations for BIM-FM focuses mainly on including facility life cycle data in BIM models to support space management or asset management. Models are not customized with necessary data and classification that allow for isolating and visualizing components of a specific building system (e.g. supply air). This is necessary in an emergency situation to allow facility staff to diagnose the problem associated with the system and its components, identify the problem and make necessary and informed actions. In this paper, we discuss requirements for preparing an as-built BIM model to be systems-centric using a case study approach of a two-story science building. A system classification hierarchy was developed to classify the systems and sub-systems of the building. Sixteen systems-centric properties were defined to search, filter, isolate, and display elements in a specific system or sub-system. The configured systems-centric model will allow facility managers understand the dependencies across different systems to accurately determine impacts across the facility and develop strategies to rapidly respond to any emergency. The case study analysed the mechanical and plumbing systems in the building. This paper will focus on results from the analysis of the mechanical system. An example of emergency scenario is discussed and presented.
Process modelling for managing digitalised information exchanges in construction inspections and quality checks
Authors: Comai S , Mastrolembo Ventura S , Costa S , Ciribini A
Published: February 2022

Processes of the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry are known to be characterised by a high level of complexity in terms of activities and involved actors, which requires a consistent exchange of information through each phase of a project life cycle. A digital transition applied to information modelling and management may support the optimisation of such processes. To overcome the traditional paper-based and document-centric approach, the so-called Common Data Environment (CDE) has been introduced and its adoption through the project life cycle is now regulated by ISO 19650. A CDE is a platform, whose purpose is to collect, manage and disseminate sets of information through a managed, interoperable and collaborative process. The fullest adoption of CDEs requires a methodological change towards data-based information exchanges. As a preliminary step to such a goal, the formalisation of procedures by process mapping and modelling can allow a more coherent management of use cases and related information exchanges. With a focus on the construction stage, the formalisation of inspection procedures is proposed through the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN 2.0) format. Quality checks are taken into account in relation to the supply and installation of an External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS). Quality control inspections and related activities are analysed and discussed within the framework of public works. An open source BPMN modeller and its workflow engine have been adopted. The result is a process model that (1) represents the complexity of managing information exchanges in such a scenario; (2) can be used as a basis for the development of a CDE where all the information is shared and accessible to the various actors of the construction process; (3) automatically feed, as a future work, an inspection management support system.
Impact of Environmental Sustainability on the Market Value of Office Buildings
Authors: Kupec J , Eklová K , Prostejovská Z
Published: February 2022

The issue of environmental sustainability of buildings is relatively new in many areas and has not yet been sufficiently explored. One of the little-explored areas is the relationship between environmental sustainability and the properties’ market value. In practice, LEED or BREEAM sustainability certificates are often used to determine the degree of environmental sustainability. These certificates are well known to international investors and tenants in domestic markets. Sustainability has evolved into a competitive factor due to its positive economic, ecological and social impact. Certified buildings are preferred by major corporate tenants with an international field of activity who often have ethical rules for sustainable development. This increases the attractiveness of the building, which has a positive effect on its market value.
The Next Era of IPD Research: A Systematic Literature Review of The IPD Research Trends 2017-2020
Authors: Arar A J , Poirier E
Published: February 2022

Questions around integration, innovation, and collaboration within project teams have been the focus of increasing research in recent years. This is in response to the notorious fragmentation and the inherent performance issues that face the construction industry. Among the solutions identified, new contractual approaches, namely, integrated project delivery (IPD), have been investigated to understand how they can help overcome the industry’s issues. This paper aims to contribute to the previous efforts that studied the research trends of the IPD from 2001 to 2016 by synthesizing the last four years from 2017 to 2020. This period accounts for more than 70% of research on IPD compared to the previous 16 years combined. A systematic literature review was conducted to understand the trends in IPD research over the last four years. The results allowed the research team to understand better where such research was being conducted, what type of projects were being studied, and most importantly, the topics being covered within this research and its results. This paper proposes an initial review that will be further developed in a full-length journal paper.
Towards Inclusive and Sustainable Infrastructure Development through Blockchain-enabled Asset Tokenization: An Exploratory Case Study
Authors: Tian Y , Minchin R E , Chung K , Woo J , Adriaens P
Published: February 2022

Infrastructure development is a key to supporting the economy and building social resilience. Unfortunately, existing infrastructure financing models struggle with multiple issues to close the widening financial gap and integrate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors to improve resilience and achieve sustainable growth. With the emergence of innovative technology, blockchain-enabled asset tokenization shows the potential to create a new economic model to integrate non-financial values, such as positive social and environmental impacts, into tradable cryptographic tokens. Tokenization offers opportunities to generate long-term positive social and environmental impacts, along with better financial returns, which further improves the profitability and bankability of infrastructure projects. SolarCoin, WePower Token, and ZiyenCoin are analyzed in this exploratory case study research to demonstrate how blockchain-enabled asset tokenization can be applied to infrastructure development. It is identified that tokenization promotes inclusiveness and sustainability through shareholder empowerment, incentive monetization, and finance optimization. Obstacles hindering the broader adoption of tokenization and policy implications are also discussed.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Global Construction Industries
Authors: Crawford Robert H.
Published: February 2022

The global construction industry is responsible for considerable effects on the environment and society. The construction and use of our built environment accounts for 39% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Population growth and rising standards of living are further exacerbating these problems. Understanding the contribution of construction industries and those activities responsible for the greatest share of greenhouse gas emissions is crucial in order to identify opportunities for emissions mitigation. This study uses multi-regional input-output analysis to analyse the embodied greenhouse gas emissions of global construction industries. A structural path analysis (SPA) was conducted for the construction sectors of 44 countries using top-down economic input-output data from EXIOBASE3. The findings were analysed to compare the embodied greenhouse gas emissions of each construction sector to ascertain their emissions intensity. The structural path analysis was used to disaggregate each sector into unique nodes or pathways, with each representing a single or group of activities and their associated emissions. This was used to identify critical hot spots of emissions within the various construction supply chains. The results show that there is wide discrepancy between the emissions intensity of the construction industry for the 44 countries, ranging from 0.165 kgCO2e/Euro to 2.05 kgCO2e/Euro. In addition, the most significant contributors to emissions for the most emissions intensive countries are the production of concrete and steel. This in-depth analysis of global construction industries using multi-regional input-output data provides critical information needed to identify opportunities for reducing global construction-related greenhouse gas emissions. This will help prioritise future emissions reduction efforts within the construction industry and target specific solutions to achieve the greatest improvements to the overall environmental performance of global construction industries.
Subcontractors’ Health and Safety Compliance on a Water Board’a Projects
Authors: Moshanyana L , Smallwood J
Published: February 2022

Compared to other industrial sectors, the construction industry is responsible for a disproportionate number of fatalities and injuries. Subcontracting constitutes a significant portion of all construction projects, and it is noted for its adverse H&S influence in the industry. Health and safety (H&S) risks related to subcontracting pose a significant business risk to principal contractors (PCs) who employ subcontractors (SCs). Some PCs report that their sites have been shut down because of poor H&S compliance by the SCs. This situation has a negative impact on time schedules, and the overall profitability of projects.

The study seeks to examine why construction SCs undertaking projects for a Water Board located in Johannesburg do not comply with H&S regulations. Quantitative methods were employed for the study. Literature was reviewed, followed by a questionnaire survey to obtain primary data. A total of 174 construction managers, supervisors, and H&S officers in the employ of PCs and SCs participated in the survey to gather data relative to SCs’ degree of compliance with H&S legislation, H&S regulations, and the Water Board’s H&S specifications.

The literature suggests that there is general H&S non-compliance on construction projects by SCs. The salient findings include: SCs on the Water Board’s projects do not comply with H&S legislation and regulations, and H&S specifications; SCs’ management is not trained in terms of H&S; PCs do not issue work stoppage orders relative to SCs’ unsafe acts / behaviour; SCs further subcontract; the contractual relationships between PCs and SCs are not clear due to unauthorised subcontracting, and H&S enforcement by PCs and the Department of Employment and Labour (DEL) is inadequate.

Recommendations include: PCs must ensure that H&S practices are implemented; PCs and the DEL must enforce H&S requirements, and a framework must be evolved for ensuring SCs’ H&S compliance on construction. must be evolved for ensuring SCs’ H&S compliance in construction.
Redefinition of procurement process with BIM in the Czech Republic
Authors: Bouška R , Schneiderová Heralová R , Matějka P , Rudovský Z
Published: February 2022

The paper is describing process of preparation of the evaluation methodology that will help public and private contracting authorities to evaluate an appropriate supplier of the BIM methodology for their projects. Such a methodology will accurately define requirements for BIM implementation for different phases of the project. It will also evaluate companies’ fulfilment of these requirements from previous projects or based on the presented technologies of the company. The evaluation methodology will find its application both in the state administration and in the private sector of Czech civil engineering industry. In the current market, there is a need to quantify the level of implementation of work processes and outputs of the BIM methodology. Such a methodology assessment will help improve and make the procurement process more selective based on BIM.