bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Daily life experiences of families determine the service delivery needs of children with disabilities; views of parents and service providers from three districts in Sri Lanka
Authors: Sumanasena Samanmali P. , Arulmoli K. , Sampan S.R. , Wickenden M.
Published: September 2016

Parents and service providers are the key care providers for children with disabilities (CWD) and understand their living circumstances best. These children are often invisible and face many challenges to full participation within their own communities. A qualitative phenomenological action research was carried out in three districts of Sri Lanka to explore the perspectives of parents and the service providers on the needs of CWD and how those were met by the present services. This qualitative study included interviews with families, and focus group discussions with service providers. Data was analyzed using a manual thematic analysis. The parents and service providers identified the needs under three main themes. The need for activity and participation, education and rehabilitation. The parents related the needs to the practical daily experiences of families while service providers identified these based on their experiences and knowledge about the medical conditions. Parents identified the public health midwife as the best first contact primary health care worker to coordinate services. The families from Sri Lanka defined initiatives to accomplish a service delivery model which would enable better inclusion of the children in community life.
Garengeot’s hernia: two case reports with CT diagnosis and literature review
Authors: Garcia-Amador Cristina , De la Plaza Roberto , Arteaga Vladimir , Lopez-Marcano Aylhin , Ramia Jose
Published: September 2016

Garengeot’s hernia (GH) is defined as the presence of the appendix inside a femoral hernia. It occurs in 0.9% of femoral hernias and is usually an incidental finding during surgery. Its treatment is controversial and the aim of this article is to review the diagnostic methods and surgical considerations.

We report two cases diagnosed preoperatively by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and discuss the treatment options based on a review of the literature published in PubMed updated on 1 December, 2015.

Fifty articles reporting 64 patients (50 women, mean age 70 years) with GH were included in the analysis. Diagnosis was performed by preoperative CT in only 24 cases, including our two. The treatment of GH is emergency surgery. Several options are available laparoscopic or open approach: insertion of a mesh or simple herniorrhaphy, with or without appendectomy.

Conslusion

The preoperative diagnosis with CT can guide the choice of treatment. Appendectomy and hernioplasty should be performed via inguinotomy, if there is no perforation or abscess formation.
Natural Theology, Philosophical Theology
and Illustrative Argumentation
Authors: Shokhin Vladimir K.
Published: September 2016

I will attempt to define what we understand as “narrative argumentation” or “narrative
arguments” through an appeal to a discussion of intercultural rational theology. In this context I offer a
distinction between two concepts, which are considered usually as synonymous. Philosophical theology
is regarded from the historical point of view as the whole repertoire of attempts at rational justification
of the faith in God along with analysis of His attributes and actions within different religious traditions
(both ancient and modern, Western and Eastern), whereas Natural Theology is regarded as a philosophical
preparation for the theology of Revelation in traditional Christianity. Varieties of the teleological
argument, which have been developed in the history of thought as the argument from analogy, i.e., from
vivid examples aiming at persuasion of an opponent and audience in the dialectical controversy, are
classified into two species of short-cut illustrative examples and the species of full-fledged theological
parables, i.e., narratives in the strict sense. I conclude this discussion with an invitation to investigate
other main theological arguments from a similar point of view.
Phraseologie und Diskurslinguistik – Schnittstellen, Fallbeispiele und Forschungsperspektiven
Authors: Stumpf Sören , Kreuz Christian D.
Published: September 2016

The following article illustrates connections between the two linguistic subareas of phraseology and linguistic discourse studies. First, it will be shown how phrasemes have been analyzed in linguistic discourse studies and how discourse linguistics approaches have been presented in phraseology so far. Second, the commonalities between these two fields of research will be discussed. And third, the potential of phrasemes within discourse will be demonstrated by way of giving authentic examples from different so called domains (such as sports, religion, society, and politics).
Dialogische Textkompetenz – Routinisiertes Schreiben in studentischer Online-Teamarbeit
Authors: Lindemann Katrin , Ruoss Emanuel , Weinzinger Caroline
Published: September 2016

Current concepts in writing research primarily focus on monological texts, by which we mean texts that do not demand a reply. But nowadays, dialogical writing – the exchange of messages via e.g. e-mail, text message or internet forum – is increasingly prevalent in private, educational and professional life. We therefore argue that concepts of writing research should also be made applicable to dialogical writing. Based on empirical data from two university e-learning classes, we show how students use communicative routines in order to manage a specific (writing) task: During their group work students face the challenge of initiating new steps and mobilising other group members to proceed with the project. Our study shows that texts accomplishing this task usually follow a three-part structure: They give reasons why writing to the group becomes necessary (“account”), they request the start or continuation of working (“projection”) and they present a personal contribution to the task (“achievement/input”). In cooperative online work, appropriate dialogical writing is a crucial skill. This “dialogical text competence”, as we call it, cannot be taken for granted; indeed it must be taught and practiced as it differs from competences necessary in face-to-face interaction or for writing texts in non-dialogical contexts. We therefore close our paper with a discussion of our results under the aspect of learning and facilitating dialogical text competence in contexts that offer practical experience.
Levels of Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript in Vagal Afferents in the Mouse Are Unaltered in Response to Metabolic Challenges
Authors: Yuan Xuefeng , Huang Ying , Shah Sarita , Wu Hua , Gautron Laurent
Published: September 2016

Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is one of the most abundant neuropeptides in vagal afferents, including those involved in regulating feeding. Recent observations indicate that metabolic challenges dramatically alter the neuropeptidergic profile of CART-producing vagal afferents. Here, using confocal microscopy, we reassessed the distribution and regulation of CART(55–102) immunoreactivity in vagal afferents of the male mouse in response to metabolic challenges, including fasting and high-fat-diet feeding. Importantly, the perikarya and axons of vagal C-fibers were labeled using mice expressing channelrodhopsin-2 (ChR2-YFP) in Nav1.8-Cre–expressing neurons. In these mice, approximately 82% of the nodose ganglion neurons were labeled with ChR2-YFP. Furthermore, ChR2-YFP–labeled axons could easily be identified in the dorsovagal complex. CART(55–102) immunoreactivity was observed in 55% of the ChR2-YFP–labeled neurons in the nodose ganglion and 22% of the ChR2-YFP–labeled varicosities within the area postrema of fed, fasted, and obese mice. The distribution of positive profiles was also identical across the full range of CART staining in fed, fasted, and obese mice. In contrast to previous studies, fasting did not induce melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) immunoreactivity in vagal afferents. Moreover, prepro-MCH mRNA was undetectable in the nodose ganglion of fasted mice. In summary, this study showed that the perikarya and central terminals of vagal afferents are invariably enriched in CART and devoid of MCH.
Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features
Authors: Rosario Pedro Weslley , Mourão Gabriela Franco , Nunes Maurício Buzelin , Nunes Marcelo Saldanha , Calsolari Maria Regina
Published: September 2016

Recently, it was proposed that some papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) will no longer be termed ‘cancer’ and are christened as ‘noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features’ (NIFTP). As this is a recent definition, little information is available about NIFTP. The objective of this study was to report the frequency, ultrasonographic appearance, cytology result and long-term evolution of cases of NIFTP seen at our institution. We excluded tumours ≤1 cm. The sample consisted of 129 patients. Sixty-four patients were submitted to total thyroidectomy and 65 to lobectomy. These patients with NIFTP did not receive radioiodine. NIFTP corresponded to 15% of cases diagnosed as PTC >1 cm. An ultrasonographic appearance considered to be of low suspicion for malignancy was common in NIFTP (32.5%), whereas a highly suspicious appearance was uncommon (5%). NIFTP frequently exhibited indeterminate cytology (62%), while malignant cytology was uncommon (4%). The patients were followed up for 12–146 months (median 72 months) after surgery. None of the patients developed structural disease during follow-up. Comparing the concentrations of thyroglobulin (Tg) and anti-Tg antibodies (TgAb) obtained 6–12 months after surgery and in the last assessment, none of the patients exhibited an increase in these markers.
Evaluación de la concentración de los aldehídos en el aire en la Reserva Biológica Monteverde y en la ciudad de Heredia, Costa Rica
Authors: Salazar-López Brenda , Sibaja-Brenes José Pablo , Valdés-González Juan , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Gerardo
Published: September 2016

Se determinó la concentración de seis aldehídos en muestras de aire, durante abril-junio de 2015, en la Reserva Biológica Monteverde (RBM) y en Heredia, Costa Rica. El formaldehído, el acetaldehído, el propanal, el butanal, el hexanal y el heptanal se tomaron con cartuchos de adsorción recubiertos con una disolución de la 2,4-dinitrofenilhidrazina (2,4-DNFH) y se analizaron por HPLC con un detector ultravioleta visible. Las concentraciones promedio de cada aldehído en Heredia se encontraron entre 12,78 µg/m3 y 72,57 µg/m3 durante la época seca y entre 7,95 µg/m3y 62,30 µg/m3 durante la transición a la época lluviosa; mientras que en la RBM las concentraciones encontradas estuvieron entre 1,93 µg/m3 y 22,62 µg/m3 durante la época seca y entre 0,26 µg/m3 y 4,68 µg/m3 durante la transición a la época lluviosa. La concentración total de los carbonilos en Heredia fue de 241,08 µg/m3 en la época seca y de 172,95 µg/m3 en la transición a la época lluviosa; esto, debido al efecto de dilución de contaminantes que hacen las lluvias y que la actividad fotoquímica es mayor en la época seca que en la transición a la época lluviosa. La concentración total de los carbonilos en la RBM fue de 42,07 µg/m3 en la época seca y de 13,47 µg/m3 en la transición a la época lluviosa.
Feohifomicosis nasal por Exophiala dermatidis
Authors: Solís Rojas Natalia , Muñóz Hernández Enrique , Villalobos Zúñiga Manuel Antonio
Published: September 2016

Paciente masculino de 74 años, vecino de Turrubares, domador de caballos, con antecedentes personales patológicos de gastrectomía total, EPOC y osteoporosis. Consulta por tumoración violácea de 6 meses de evolución en fosa nasal izquierda, de crecimiento lentamente progresivo, asociado a epistaxis leve, y rinorrea fétida. Mediante examen físico, cultivo y biopsia se diagnostica feohifomicosis por Exophialadermatidis. Tras dos meses de resección quirúrgica, se documenta recurrencia de la lesión, por lo que se decide hospitalizar para tratamiento antifúngico endovenoso con anfotericina B deoxicolato e itraconazol por seis meses. Sin embargo, tras dos meses de tratamiento con itraconazol, amerita nueva hospitalización por recaída clínica, realizándose escisión quirúrgica completa y cambiando tratamiento a posaconazol, cursando el paciente posteriormente asintomatico, sin necesidad de nuevas intervenciones terapéuticas
Femenina de 30 años con Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico y Mielitis Transversa Longitudinalmente Extendida
Authors: Sánchez Benavides Marvin , Vásquez Cespedes Johanna
Published: September 2016

Paciente femenina de 30 años, con antecedente de depresión crónica y diagnóstico reciente de Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (LES), consulta por cuadro de dos días de evolución caracterizado por debilidad en miembros inferiores, que posteriormente asocia parestesias, paraplejía flácida, retención urinaria e incontinencia fecal. Al examen físico se documenta VI par derecho con nistagmo horizontal, arreflexia en miembros inferiores, globo vesical y nivel sensitivo T6. Ante la sospecha de mielitis transversa, se inicia inmunosupresión con esteroides intravenosos más ciclofosfamida mensual y aféresis, tras lo cual se evidencia una paulatina mejoría clínica. Se realizó una resonancia magnética del cordón espinal que evidenció lesiones difusas hiperintensas en la secuencia T2 con compromiso longitudinal desde el tercio distal espinal hasta el cono medular compatible con Mielitis Transversam Longitudinalmente Extendida (MTLE). Se egresa de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos con mejoría clínica y se continúa manejo con ciclofosfamida mensual. Actualmente persiste con discreta hipoestesia en silla de montar y deambula sin dificultad con bastón. Se reporta un caso de MTLE en LES, a la fecha se han reportado menos de 30 casos en la literatura mundial.
Frecuencia de malformaciones congénitas detectadas en la Sección de Gineco-obstetricia y Neonatología del Hospital San Juan de Dios durante el periodo comprendido entre enero a diciembre del año 2014
Authors: Zambrano García Amy Carolina , Bustillos Villavicencio Joaquín , Parra Ramírez Pablo , Saborío López Veronica , Calderón Solano Eugenio , Mora Sandí Jorge Arturo
Published: September 2016

Al revisar los casos registrados de malformaciones fetales durante el año 2014, nos brinda una perspectiva de cuáles tipos de dismorfismos estamos detectando en nuestro medio y su frecuencia. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo de forma retrospectivo en el Hospital San Juan de Dios, San José, Costa Rica, con un total de 54 nacidos vivos durante el período de mEnero a Diciembre del año 2014, a los cuales se les diagnosticó al nacimiento determinada malformación congénita, simple o múltiple y que hubiesen nacido ya sea por parto o cesárea. El  criterio de inclusión son los productos que nacieron con una o más malformaciones congénitas durante el período Enero a Diciembre de 2014, en el Hospital San Juan de Dios. Se excluyeron pacientes que no presentaban datos completos en la boleta de notificación del Hospital San Juan de Dios.Se reportaron en dicho periodo 5004 nacimientos, de los cuales 4960 fueron nacidosvivos, y de éstos 54 presentaron malformaciones congénitas. Las malformaciones congénitas fueron clasificadas por sistema, se obtuvo como resultado que las de mayor incidencia fueron las del sistema nervioso central, 14 casos para un 22.9%, le siguen las del sistema genitourinario y músculo esqueléticas con 10 casos, 16.3% respectivamente. Del sistema gastrointestinal se presentaron 9 casos para un 14.7%, dentro de los síndromes se presentaron 9 casos, siendo el de mayor incidencia síndrome de Down (trisomía 21), 6 casos, además síndrome de Edward, Patau y Peters Plus, las de menor incidencia fueron las cardiovasculares, 5 casos (8.1%), craneofaciales 3 casos (4.9%) y del sistema respiratorio 1 caso.En nuestro estudio, la incidencia de malformaciones congénitas en el año 2014 fue 1.7%, siendo las más frecuentes las del sistema nervioso central, luego las músculo esqueléticas y genitourinarias. Las del sistema cardiovascular representaron una baja incidencia 8.1% del total y el área de mayor procedencia de madres con productos con malformaciones congénitas fue Santa Ana en la provincia de San José.
Corticoesteroides en shock séptico: ¿Cuándo utilizarlos?
Authors: Villalobos Zuñiga Manuel Antonio , Salazar Arias Nazaret , Valverde Zuñiga Adrian , Arroyo Sánchez Gloriana
Published: September 2016

El shock séptico (SS) es muy prevalente en la actualidad, situándose entre las principales 10 causas de muerte a nivel mundial. Por su perfil farmacológico, se ha propuesto en diversas ocasiones que el uso de esteroides en SS puede asociar un efecto benéfico en la sobrevida de los pacientes. Numerosos estudios se han realizado con el fin de demostrar el papel de los mismos, considerando tanto la farmacodinamia y farmacocinética de los corticoesteroides (CS), así como sus efectos finales a nivel de mortalidad, reversibilidad del estado de shock, y posibles efectos adversos. El objetivo de este artículo es discutir basado en la evidencia actual, el papel de estos fármacos en dicha patología con el fin de definir los distintos escenarios en los que el paciente puede beneficiarse de los mismos.
Cáncer gástrico, actualidades y perspec-tivas del futuro
Authors: Solano Muñoz Hebel , Arroyo Lopez Adriana
Published: September 2016

El cáncer gástrico es una de las causas de muerte más importantes a nivel mundial, pese al descenso de la incidencia y mortalidad sigue siendo un pro-blema de salud pública importante. A nivel inter-nacional existen guías y constante investigación respecto al tema. En este artículo el lector encon-trara los resultados de la revisión de los últimos 5 años respecto a diagnóstico, tamizaje, prevención, abordaje terapéutico y terapia neoadyudante en los sitios a nivel mundial que se encargan de ex-pandir la frontera respecto a las prácticas clínicas, investigación clínica y preclínica. Con la idea de proveer al lector con perspectivas y tendencias que serán necesarias para mantenerse actualizado con el manejo de la patología.
EXECUTIVE STUDY OF HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE EFFECTS ON SLUDGE PRETREATMENT BY SONICATION
Authors: Tuan Le Ngoc , JULCOUR-LEBIGUE Carine , DELMAS Henri
Published: September 2016

The effect of hydrostatic pressure on sludge disintegration was studied for the first time using pressurized nitrogen in different operating conditions: sludge types, specific energy input ES, power input PUS, probe size, temperature T, and frequency FS. Optimum pressures (> 1 bar) were found as a function of acoustic intensity due to an increase in both cavitation threshold and cavitation intensity when increasing hydrostatic pressure. Under convenient hydrostatic pressure, the effect of US intensity IUS on DDCOD was much higher than that at atmospheric pressure. The most effective isothermal sonication would be high PUS, low FS, convenient excess pressure, and adequate total solid concentration, i.e. 360 W (35 mm diameter probe), 12 kHz, 3.25 bar, and 28 gTS/L, respectively according to our equipment possibilities. Besides, positive effects of pressure associated with high power adiabatic US were also achieved. The major result was that the optimum pressure depends on P­US, IUS (or probe size), and T, but not on ES, FS, nor sludge type. In general, sludge disintegration efficacy was significantly improved by sonication at the optimum pressure, especially at low ES, leading to a potential of energy input savings in sludge sonication pretreatment, but also in most of ultrasound assisted processes.
COMPARISON BEHAVIOR OF A LARGE TURBO MACHINE VIBRATION BETWEEN UNBALANCE AND BENT SHAFT
Authors: Thanh Ngo Van
Published: September 2016

In recently, large capacity steam turbines have come into wider use and have been designed to ever higher performance specifications. As we all know, it’s hard to maintain the concentricity of a rotor-bearing system during operating, especially for multi-rotors within specified level of vibration. Rotor vibration could be caused by many reason, mass unbalance and bent shaft are amongst almost frequently occurring. Mass unbalance and bent shaft both give to force excitation at a frequency corresponding to once per revolution. Taking a LP B rotor of a 1000MW USC steam turbine as an example, this paper studies the lateral vibration of the LP B rotor based on finite element. Responses of mass unbalance and bent shaft are analyzed and compared.
GENETIC DIVERSITY IN THE NATURAL POPULARIONS OF Pinus dalatensis Ferre’ (PINACEAE) ASSESSED BY SSSR MARKERS
Authors: Phong Dinh Thi , Thu Hien Vu Thi , Lieu Tran Thi , Hiep Nguyen Tien
Published: September 2016

Pinus dalatensis Ferre’(Family: Pinaceae) is an endemic plant with restricted habitats at higher altitudes in Vietnam highland. The species are now near threatened by over-exploitation and habitat destruction. The genetic variation within and among populations of P. dalatensis was investigated by 41 microsatellite (single sequence repeat, SSR) primers, but only 11 SSR primers showed polymorphism bands. In all, 70 sampled trees from six populations in Vietnam highland were analyzed in this study, samples were collected from populations located in different altitude. A total of 40 allelic variants have been detected. The mean number of alleles per locus was 2.197. The SSR data showed a genetic diversity parameters within populations with an average of I = 0.524, Ho = 0.222, He = 0.317, Fis =0.333 and Ap = 0.106. The number private alleles (Ap) was only found in four populations, the Hoa Son population showed the highest (0.273), followed by Da Chay (0.182), and value of 0.091 for all Ngoc Linh and A Yun. Analysis of molecular variance analysis showed that most genetic variation was within populations of 57.504 % and among population of 42.496 %. The population pairwise differentiations indicated that most of the populations were significantly differentiated p < 0.001 with Fst values ranged from 0.195 to 0.418. This study highlights the importance of conserving the genetic resources of P. dalatensis species
Effect of Cyanobacteria Nostoc calcicola on antioxidant system in soybean
Authors: Chung Mai Văn , Thanh Huyền Mai Thị , Trường Giang Đinh Thị
Published: September 2016

Strain Nostoc calcicola HN9 of Cyanobacteria, which was in static culture, was collected biomass in log phase and death phase to exam its effect on the antioxidant system of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. “Nam Dan”] in the vegetative stages. Suspension of HN9 in death phase plays as an unfavourable factor that caused to oxidative stress in soybean leaves with a burst of superoxide anion radical (O2.-) in stage V1 (each seedling has one unrolled trifoliolate leaf) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in stage V3 (seedlings have two unrolled trifoliolates enclosing auxillary buds). In HN9-treated plants, total phenolics, a non-enzymatic antioxidant, was early induced to high content, whereas generation of ascorbic acid was inhibited; parallel, activity of enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidases (APX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were induced during the vegetative stages. An enhancement of SOD, CAT, and APX firmly regulated ROS products to avoid oxidative damage, reduced cellular damage, and allowed them to play crucial functions in signal transduction to increase soybean tolerance. The defensive role of PPO should be more clarified in the prospective studies. Different from above effects of cyanobacteria in death phase, suspension of HN9 in log phase only raised content of ascorbic acid, and induced activity of SOD and APX, however, its stimulated level was lower than that in death phase. Lack of convinced evidences discribed how strain HN9 in log phase affected (stimulated or inhibited) to biosynthesis of total phenolics and activity of CAT and PPO.
EFFECT OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF PORPHYRINS ON THEIR SEMICONDUCTING PROPERTIES
Authors: Hoang Mai Ha , Phan Dinh Long , Ngo Trinh Tung
Published: September 2016

In this work, we report on the fabrication of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) using solution processable semiconducting porphyrins 4TBPZ and 2TBPZ. The effect of semiconductor crystal structure on the performance of OFETs was investigated. These single-crystal devices were revealed to exhibit good performance with a maximum carrier mobility for hole of 0.40 cm2 V-1 s-1 and high current on/off ratios. The present work, representing our continuous efforts in understanding the relationship between molecular structure, crystal packing, and OFET performance of semiconducting porphyrins, will be expected to contribute to the design of new porphyrin derivatives for electronic/optoelectronic applications.
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF CONSTITUENT RATIO ON THE CROSSLINKING REACTION OF CASTOR OIL MODIFIED EPOXY RESIN BY 4.4’-DIAMINO DIPHENYLMETHANE
Authors: Thanh Do Minh , Hien Le Xuan , Dung Nguyen Tien
Published: September 2016

The influence of the contents of epoxy resin modified by castor oil (ECO), 4,4’- diamino diphenyl methan (DDM) on the crosslinking reaction of ECO by DDM at 1800C have been studied and the mol ratio of A/E = 1, curing time of 270 min have been determined to be optimal conditions for formation of the cured coating having gel fraction, swelling degree, flexibility, adhesion, impact resistance, and relative hardness of 86%; 188 %; 1 mm, 0 point, 200 kG.cm and 0.33, respectively.
PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF RHODAMINE B USING Ag NANO DOPED TiO2 PREPARED BY -IRRADIATION METHOD
Authors: Nhu Vo Thi Thu , Duy Nguyen Ngoc , Tuan Huynh Nguyen Anh , Ngan Nguyen Pham Tu , Minh Do Quang , Hien Nguyen Quoc
Published: September 2016

Ag nano deposited on TiO2 (Degussa P25) (Ag nano/TiO2) photo-catalyst has been synthesized by g-irradiation method. The  characteristics  of  Ag nano/TiO2 material  has  been  investigated  by BET surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). The photo-catalytic properties of Ag nano/TiO2 for degradation of Rhodamine B in aqueous solution under visible light have been studied. Results indicated that Ag nano/TiO2 photo-catalyst exhibited better photo-catalytic activity compared to that of TiO2 under the same reaction condition. The higher activity of Ag nano/TiO2 is due the enhancement of electron–hole separation effect on the surface of the catalyst. At 1.5% Ag doping content, the Ag nano/ TiO2 photo-catalyst exhibited the highest photo-catalytic activity under visible light.
COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF OTD AND CTC BLACK TEAS (Camellia sinensis) FOR THE VOLATILE PROFILE DIFFERENTIATION BY HS-SPME/GC-MS
Authors: Tuan Hoang Quoc , Thinh Nguyen Duy , Minh Tu Nguyen Thi
Published: September 2016

A total of fourteen different commercial brands of black teas including Orthodox (OTD) teas and Crush Tear Curl (CTC) teas were collected at different markets with origin from 07 countries, and their volatile flavour compounds (VFC) were compared by analyses, using headspace solid-phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). Among the 60 volatiles identified, terpenes (10.28%-59.88% PAR), ketones (1.85%-22.02% PAR) and esters (3.13%-418% PAR) represented the most abundant compounds. The result showed that the number of volatile compounds detected in the aromas of CTC teas were lower than in orthodox tea. Furthermore, the low contents of aldehydes and alcohols in the volatile profile of CTC tea in comparison with OTD tea, while the content of esters in the CTC teas is higher than those of OTD teas were found.  Both teas, Orthodox tea and CTC tea, could be classified base on volatile profiles analysis by carrying out principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis.  The data presented in this studied also suggest that, for geographical origin of teas, Terpene Index can be used as a means of discrimination.
Preparation and characterization of high-dispersed pt/c nano-electrocatalysts for fuel cell applications.
Authors: Huy Hoang Anh , Man Tran Van , Tai Huynh Thien , Van Ho Thi Thanh
Published: September 2016

Synthesis conditions are keys to controlling size and dispersion of Platinum (Pt) nanoparticle structures that is one of the most important goals in improving the electrochemical activity and durability of electrocatalyst as Pt nanoparticles catalyst for fuel cells. In this study, we introduce a simple method to address the effects of the temperature, pH and ethylene glycol enhancers (EG) on the morphology and size distribution of Pt nanoparticles catalyst in electrocatalyst fabrication process Pt nanoparticles on carbon support (Pt NPs/C). By using a facile method, we synthesized Pt NPs/C catalyst with and without using EG at room temperature and 60°C in pH = 6.5 and 11 solutions. The morphology, size, dispersion and activity of Pt nanoparticles catalyst on carbon support were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM) and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV). We found that the size, morphology and dispersion of Pt nanoparticles on carbon were strongly affected by adjusting the temperature, pH and the presence of ethylene glycol that could enhance catalytic activity of Platinum for fuel cell applications.
Community-based medical education: To each, his own
Authors: Mohan Niraj , Chia Yi Yan , Wong Wen Kai
Published: September 2016

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Community-based medical education plays an important part of medical education as learning occurs outside of the four-walled classroom, and exposure to real-life medicine is given. In Singapore, our medical education is progressively geared towards the incorporation of community-based medical education as part of our curriculum, albeit most of the programmes being voluntary. This is an article detailing the experiences of three Singaporean medical students' experiences with three different forms of community-based medical education.
A Response to Bernstein
Authors: Lockerbie Brad
Published: September 2016

Robert A. Bernstein’s comment on my paper asks some intriguing questions and raises some important concerns that should be addressed. First, I will discuss the selection procedure for the roll-call votes. Second, I will discuss the interpretation of the findings regarding the marginality hypothesis. Third, I will offer an additional explanation for the findings in my paper.
Using Young Adult (YA) Literature in a Classroom: How Does YA Literature Impact Writing Literacies
Authors: Hays Alice
Published: September 2016

While English teachers are working to incorporate various versions of the Common Core State Standards into their curriculum, they are often emphasizing canonical fiction over alternative literature that students may connect with at a higher engagement level.  Young Adult (YA) literature may help teachers meet the needs of the whole student as well as local standards. The purposes of this study were (1) to explore how students engaged with reading and writing after reading YA literature, (2) to evaluate whether the YA students’ writing samples differed from the canonical group’s, (3) to determine if students see themselves as better writers after the experience, and (4) to examine the teacher’s perception of reading YA Literature.  The research was conducted in a single teacher’s 9th grade classes at an urban high school in the Southwest with a primarily Hispanic population. Two groups worked with canonical literature, and two groups worked with YA literature. All students were given a modified version of the Daly Miller Writing Apprehension Survey before and after they read either a YA short story or a classic short story. They then constructed a writing sample using the same generic prompt for all groups. Several students and the teacher were interviewed after the process. Quantitative results showed that students who read the YA pieces increased their mean score on the modified Daly Miller Survey. Their writing samples had a greater mean score than the canonical group.  The qualitative results also indicated greater engagement and understanding of the YA literature, while the teacher expressed enjoyment in teaching both pieces since they were both received well by the students.  Finding that students improved in a quantifiable way after using YA literature indicates that there are pedagogical reasons to incorporate YA literature in the classroom, in addition to enhancing enjoyment.
Opening sizes and filtration behaviour of nonwoven geotextiles under confined and partial clogging conditions
Authors: Palmeira E. M. , Trejos Galvis H. L.
Published: September 2016

Nonwoven geotextiles have been used as filters for over four decades in geotechnical and geoenvironmental works. These products have a complex fibre matrix and their behaviour as filters depends on how this matrix interacts with fluids and soil particles. Therefore, uncertainties still exist regarding prediction of geotextile filter performance under severe and critical situations. This paper investigates how confinement and partial clogging influence the dimensions of openings in nonwoven geotextiles. Bubble point (BBP) tests were carried out on six nonwoven geotextiles under unconfined and confined (equivalent vertical stresses of up to 1000 kPa) conditions with and without partial clogging of the geotextile. The results obtained show significant influences of confinement and partial clogging on geotextile opening dimensions and retention capacity. The results of O95 from bubble point tests on unconfined and virgin specimens compared well with results from hydrodynamic tests. Comparisons between BBP results and data from filtration tests under confinement are also presented and discussed. The repercussions of reductions in opening size caused by confinement and partial clogging on geotextile clogging potential and filter criteria are discussed.
Assessment of visualisation skills in biochemistry students
Authors: Mnguni Lindelani , Schönborn Konrad , Anderson Trevor
Published: September 2016

In the field of biochemistry, the use of external representations such as static diagrams and animations has increased rapidly in recent years. However, their effectiveness as instructional tools can be hindered if students lack the visual literacy and cognitive skills necessary for processing and interpreting such representations. We aimed to identify and assess visualisation skills necessary for effective processing of external representations in biochemistry. We used a modified Bloom’s taxonomy to identify the cognitive skills essential for optimal visual literacy, and designed probes based on those skills to develop a test instrument. Student responses to the probes were scored and processed with the Rasch model. This approach enabled us to rate the degree of difficulty of each visualisation skill on a linear logit scale, and to generate a person–item map to measure biochemistry students’ level of visual literacy. The results showed that the identified visualisation skills could be measured reliably, and the Rasch model was effective both for ranking the skills according to level of difficulty and for estimating a student’s relative level of visual literacy.

Significance: 

Addresses a recurring problem in biochemistry and similar fields.
Identifies relevant skills to inform teaching and learning in biochemistry.
Do African microfinance institutions need efficiency for financial stability and social outreach?
Authors: Azad Md A.K. , Munisamy Susila , Masum Abdul K.M. , Wanke Peter
Published: September 2016

Microfinance institutions (MFIs) have the dual objective of providing social welfare and financial stability. We evaluated the financial efficiency of MFIs in sub-Saharan African countries by comparing their regional performances during the period 2004–2013. We addressed prevailing MFI heterogeneity by using the concept of ‘metafrontier’. The results showed that on an average, more than half the MFIs showed a drop in productivity. The measure of how much one country gets closer to or further away from world frontier technology is commonly known as the TGC score. In world frontier technology, East and South Asian countries have taken the lead (TGC score 1.0048) while sub-Saharan African countries lag behind (TGC score 1.0020). Most East and South Asian countries have a TGC score of 1, and most sub-Saharan African countries have a TGC score less than 1. This signifies that Asian countries lead world frontier technology and most African countries do not. The decomposition of efficiency scores showed that with regard to technical changes, African nations had progressed on average only 0.01%, and efficiency change scores had regressed by 0.59% annually.

Significance: 

First efficiency study on microfinance institutions and their heterogeneity in Africa.
The results show robust discrimination among the efficiency scores.
SPIRITUALISASI PENDIDIKAN DALAM KARYA SASTRA: SUATU PERSPEKTIF SASTRA BANDINGAN
Authors: Fitrina Yulia
Published: September 2016

Abstrak Spiritualisasi Pendidikan dalam Karya Sastra: Suatu Perspektif Sastra Bandingan. Spiritualisasi pendidikan merupakan konsep dalam dunia pendidikan yang memadukan antara pendidikan dan unsur spiritual. Nilai-nilai spiritual dalam pendidikan ini dapat ditemukan dalam dua karya sastra berbentuk novel, yakni Laskar Pelangi karya Andrea Hirata dan novel Negeri 5 Menara karya Ahmad Fuadi, yang akan di analisis melalui perspektif sastra bandingan. Di dalam tulisan ini akan dideskripsikan nilai-nilai spiritual yang dijadikan basis dalam mencetak generasi unggul dalam dunia pendidikan yang terefleksi dalam kedua novel sehingga mampu menghasilkan lulusan yang mampu bersaing dalam dunia global. Konsep-konsep spiritualisasi pendidikan dalam kedua novel ini akan dilihat dari dua sisi sekaligus yakni pendidik dan juga peserta didik. Kata kunci: spiritualisasi pendidikan, karya sastra, sastra bandingan Abstract Spiritualization of Education in Literary Works: A Comparative Literary Perspective. Spiritualization of education is a concept in the field of education that combines education and spiritual elements. Spiritual values in education can be found in two literary works in the forms of novels, such as the Laskar Pelangi novel by Andrea Hirata and Negeri 5 Menara by Ahmad Fuadi, which will be analyzed through the perspective of comparative literature. This paper will describe the spiritual values that form the basis for the creation of leading generation in the world of education as reflected in both novels so as to produce graduates who can compete in the global world. Concepts of spiritualization of education in both of these novels will be seen from two sides at once, that is, educators and learners. Keywords: spiritualiztion of education, literary works, comparative literary works
SEMANTIK GRAMATIKAL VERBA BERAFIKS ME(N)-KAN/-I DAN TE(R)-KAN/-I DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Sofyan Agus Nero
Published: September 2016

Abstrak Semantik Gramatikal Verba Berafiks Me(N)-Kan/-I dan Te(R)-Kan/-I dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Tulisan ini mengulas semantik gramalikal verba berafiks me(N)- kan-/-i dan te(R)-kan/-i dalam bahasa Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Data yang digunakan diambil dalam surat kabar, buku tata bahasa, dan data temuan penulis. Teori yang digunakan adalah verba, proses morfologis, semantik, jenis makna, dan gramatikal. Masalah yang dibahas adalah keberadaan semantik gramatikal verba berafiks me(N)-kan/-i dan teR-(kan/-i) yang terdiri atas bentukan dan makna. Berdasarkan hasil analisis ditunjukan bahwa verba berafiks me(N)-kan/-i dan te(R)-kan/-i tergolong pada verba transitif dan taktransitif yang memiliki makna gramatikal yang bervariatif. Di samping itu, dibicarakan pula beberapa masalah yang berkaitan dengan verba berafiks me(N)-kan/-i dan te(R)-kan/-i.Kata kunci: verba, afiks, semantik, gramatikal  Abstract Grammatical Semantic of Verb with Affixes Me(N)-Kan/-i and Te(R)-Kan/-I. This paper discusses the grammatical semantics of verbs with affixes of me (N) – kan-/-i and te (R) –kan/-i in Indonesian. The method used in this research is descriptive method. The data used are taken from newspapers, grammar books, and outhor-made data. The theories used are verbs, morphological process, semantics, types of meaning, and grammatical. Issues to be discussed is the existence of a grammatical semantics of verbs with affixes of me (N) –kan/-i and teR-(-kan/-i) consisting of forms and meanings based on the results of the analysis, it is indicated that the verbs with affixes of me (N) – kan-/-i and te (R) –kan/-i belong to transitive and intransitive verbs which have varied grammatical meanings. In addition, some of the problems associated with verbs with affixes of me (N) – kan-/-i and te (R) –kan/-i are also discussed.Keywords: verb, affix, semantics, grammatical
KOHESI GRAMATIKAL PENGACUAN DALAM CERPEN PEMBELAAN BAH BELA KARYA MOH. WAN ANWAR
Authors: Muhyidin Asep
Published: September 2016

Abstrak Kohesi Gramatikal Pengacuan dalam Cerpen Pembelaan Bah Bela karya Moh. Anwar. Dipandang sebagai proses komunikasi antara penyapa dan pesapa dalam peristiwa komonukasi secara lisan, sedangkan dalam komunikasi secara tertulis, wacana terlihat sebagai hasil dari pengungkapan ide/gagasan penyapa. Wacana yang padu adalah wacana yang apabila dilihat dari segi hubungan bentuk atau struktur lahir bersifat kohesif dan dilihat dari segihubungan makna atau struktur batinnya bersifat koheren. Wacana dikatakan utuh apabila kalimat-kalimat dalam wacana itu mendukung satu topik yang sedang dibicarakan, sedangkan wacana dikatakan padu apabila kalimatkalimatnya disusun secara teratur dan sistematis, sehingga menunjukan keruntutan ide yang diungkapkan melalui penada kekohesian. Cerpen dipilih sebagai objek kajian dikarenakan bentuk cerpen ringkas namun tetap menuntut tingkat kohesi dan koherensi yang tinggi agar tetap berupa satu wacana utuh. Oleh karena itu, cerpen berjudul Pembelaan Bah Bela diteliti karena cerpen ini merupakan salah satu karya terbaik dari Moh. Wan Anwar yang ceritanya berisi budaya jawara dalam masyarakat Banten. Analisis teks dalam penelitian ini akan menggunakan seluruh kalimat yang ada pada wacana cerpen tersebut. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan hasil analisis yang lebih nyata karena masalah kohesi dan konteks situasi menyangkut masalah ketergantungan unsur-unsur dalam wacana.Kata kunci: Kohesi gramatikal pengacuan, wacana, analisis teks, cerpen. Abstract Referent Cohesion in Pembelaan Bah Bela a Short Story by Moh. Anwar. From the prespective of oral communication discourse is understood as a communication process between an addresser and an addressee. From written communication perspective, on the other hand, discourse is thought as the expression of the addresser. An integrated discourse is the one that is cohesive and coherent. It is complete when the sentenses constituting it support the topic, and integrated when the sentences are systematic and well-structured. Well structured idea is indicated by the use of cohesive devices. A short story has been chosen to investigate as it is short yet requires a high level of cohesion and coherence to allow it to be a complete reading. This article investigate “Pembelaan Bah Bela” one of best short stories by Moh. Wan Anwar. It tells about a Jawara culture in Banten. All the sentences in the short stories are analyzed. The investigation serves to show how cohesive devices work to construct a discourseKeywords: referent cohesion, text analysis, short story
PENGARUH KEMAMPUAN KOSAKATA DAN STRUKTUR KALIMAT TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENULIS PARAGRAF DESKRIPSI SISWA SMA
Authors: Munirah Munirah , Hardian Hardian
Published: September 2016

Abstract The research aims to determine: (1) the ability to use vocabulary and sentence structure class X SMA Negeri 2 Bantaeng District Bantaeng, (2) the ability to write a paragrafh description Bantaeng, and (3) the effect of the ability to use vocabulary and sentence structure to the ability to write a paragrafh description class X SMA Negeri 2 Bantaeng District Bantaeng. The research data such as the results of tests of vocabulary and sentence structure in the form of written tests of vocabulary and sentence structure of each of 50 numbers and descriptions essay writing test. The data source is a class XI student of SMAN 2 Bantaeng District Bantaeng. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that (1) the ability to use the vocabulary class X SMA Negeri 2 Bantaeng District Bantaeng and average value is 38.27, while the ability to use sentence structure average rating: 37.86. (2) The ability to write essays description of the class X SMA Negeri 2 Bantaeng District Bantaeng average value is 38.92 and (3) no effect between the ability to use vocabulary and sentence structure to the ability to write a paragrafh description of the class X SMA Negeri 2 Bantaeng District Bantaeng. Keywords: vocabulary ability, sentence structure, and the ability to  write a paragraph description  AbstrakPenelitian bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengkaji kemampuan menggunakan kosakata dan struktur kalimat siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Bantaeng Kabupaten Bantaeng, (2) Mengetahui kemampuan menulis paragraf deskripsi Bantaeng, dan (3) mengetahui pengaruh kemampuan menggunakan kosakata dan struktur kalimat terhadap kemampuan menulis paragraf deskripsi siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Bantaeng Kabupaten Bantaeng. Data penelitian berupa hasil tes kosakata dan struktur kalimat dalam bentuk tes menulis kosakata dan struktur kalimat masing-masing sebanyak 50 nomor dan tes menulis karangan deskripsi. Sumber data penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas X.I SMA Negeri 2 Bantaeng Kabupaten Bantaeng. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) Kemampuan menggunakan kosakata siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Bantaeng Kabupaten Bantaeng dan nilai rata-ratanya yaitu 38,27, sedangkan kemampuan menggunakan struktur kalimat nilai rata-ratanya:37,86. (2) Kemampuan menulis karangan deksripsi siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Bantaeng Kabupaten Bantaeng nilai rata-ratanya yaitu 38,92 dan (3) terdapat pengaruh antara kemampuan menggunakan kosakata dan struktur kalimat terhadap kemampuan menulis paragraf deskripsi siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Bantaeng Kabupaten Bantaeng.Kata kunci : kemampuan kosakata, struktur kalimat, dan kemampuan menulis paragraf deskripsi