bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Enzyme/Whole‐Cell Biotransformation of C18 Ricinoleic Acid into (R)‐3‐Hydroxynonanoic Acid, 9‐Hydroxynonanoic Acid, and 1,9‐Nonanedioic Acid
Authors: Cha Hee‐Jeong , Seo Eun‐Ji , Song Ji‐Won , Jo Hye‐Jin , Kumar Akula Ravi , Park Jin‐Byung
Published: November 2017

Regiospecific oxyfunctionalization of renewable long chain fatty acids into industrially relevant C9 carboxylic acids has been investigated. One example was biocatalytic transformation of 10,12‐dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid, which was produced from ricinoleic acid ((9Z,12R)‐12‐hydroxyoctadec‐9‐enoic acid) by a fatty acid double bond hydratase, into (R)‐3‐hydroxynonanoic acid, 9‐hydroxynonanoic acid, and 1,9‐nonanedioic acid with a high conversion yield of ca. 70%. The biotransformation was driven by enzyme/whole‐cell biocatalysts, consisting of the esterase of Pseudomonas fluorescens and the recombinant Escherichia coli expressing the secondary alcohol dehydrogenase of Micrococcus luteus, the Baeyer‐Villiger monooxygenase of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 and the primary alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenases of Acinetobacter sp. NCIMB9871. The high conversion yields and the high product formation rates over 20 U/g dry cells with insoluble reactants indicated that various (poly‐hydroxy) fatty acids could be converted into multi‐functional products via the simultaneous enzyme/whole‐cell biotransformations. This study will contribute to the enzyme‐based functionalization of hydrophobic substances.

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BF3⋅OEt2‐Promoted Annulation for Substituted 2‐Arylpyridines as Potent UV Filters and Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Sultana Sabera , Maezono Shizuka Mei Bautista , Akhtar Muhammad Saeed , Shim Jae‐Jin , Wee Young‐Jung , Kim Sung Hong , Lee Yong Rok
Published: November 2017

A simple and efficient BF3⋅OEt2 mediated methodology for the construction of diverse 2‐phenylpyridines bearing benzophenone moieties from readily available 3‐formylchromones and phenylacetylenes in wet acetonitrile was developed. The nitrogen source for the pyridine construction was derived from acetonitrile. This one‐pot protocol proceeds via [3+2+1] annulation through cascade nucleophilic addition, hydrolysis, Michael‐type addition, ring opening, and elimination reactions. The synthesized compounds may have applications as UV filters and exhibit potent antibacterial activities.

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Catalytic partial oxidation of CH4 over bimetallic Ni‐Re/Al2O3: Kinetic determination for application in microreactor
Authors: Bawornruttanaboonya Kuson , Laosiripojana Navadol , Mujumdar Arun S. , Devahastin Sakamon
Published: November 2017

The activity of a novel Ni‐Re/Al2O3 catalyst toward partial oxidation of methane was investigated in comparison with that of a precious‐metal Rh/Al2O3 catalyst. Reactions involving CH4/O2/Ar, CH4/H2O/Ar, CH4/CO2/Ar, CO/O2/Ar, and H2/O2/Ar were performed to determine the kinetic expressions based on indirect partial oxidation scheme. A mathematical model comprising of Ergun equation as well as mass and energy balances with lumped indirect partial oxidation network was applied to obtain the kinetic parameters and then used to predict the reactant and product concentrations as well as temperature profiles within a fixed‐bed microreactor. H2 and CO production as well as H2/CO2 and CO/CO2 ratios from the reaction over Ni‐Re/Al2O3 catalyst were higher than those over Rh/Al2O3 catalyst. Simulation revealed that much smoother temperature profiles along the microreactor length were obtained when using Ni‐Re/Al2O3 catalyst. Steep hot‐spot temperature gradients, particularly at the entrance of the reactor, were, conversely, noted when using Rh/Al2O3 catalyst. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 1691–1701, 2018
Structural malformations of the brain, eye, and pituitary gland in PHACE syndrome
Authors: Steiner Jack E. , McCoy Garrett N. , Hess Christopher P. , Dobyns William B. , Metry Denise W. , Drolet Beth A. , Maheshwari Mohit , Siegel Dawn H.
Published: November 2017

PHACE syndrome is the association of segmental facial hemangiomas with congenital arterial, brain, cardiac, and ocular anomalies. Structural brain malformations affect 41–52% of PHACE patients and can be associated with focal neurologic deficits, developmental delays, and/or intellectual disability. To better characterize the spectrum of structural brain and other intracranial anomalies in PHACE syndrome, MRI scans of the head/neck were retrospectively reviewed in 55 patients from the PHACE Syndrome International Clinical Registry and Genetic Repository. All registry patients with a diagnosis of definite PHACE syndrome who had MRI scans of satisfactory quality were included. Of 55 patients, 34 (62%) demonstrated ≥1 non‐vascular intracranial anomaly; structural brain malformations were present in 19 (35%). There was no difference in the prevalence of brain anomalies between genders. Brain anomalies were more likely in patients with S1 and/or S2 distribution of facial hemangioma. The most common structural brain defects were cerebellar hypoplasia (25%) and fourth ventricle abnormalities (13%). Dandy–Walker complex and malformations of cortical development were present in 9% and 7%, respectively. Extra‐axial findings such as pituitary anomalies (18%) and intracranial hemangiomas (18%) were also observed. Six patients (11%) had anomalies of the globes or optic nerve/chiasm detectable on MRI. Brain malformations comprise a diverse group of structural developmental anomalies that are common in patients with PHACE syndrome. Along with brain malformations, numerous abnormalities of the pituitary, meninges, and globes were observed, highlighting the need for careful radiologic assessment of these structures in the neuroimaging workup for PHACE syndrome.
Higher adaptive functioning and lower rate of psychotic comorbidity in married versus unmarried individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Mosheva Mariela , Eyal Stav , Weisman Omri , Gilad Reut , Fishman Yael , Weinberger Ronnie , Weizman Abraham , Gothelf Doron
Published: November 2017

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a relatively common genetic disorder. Due to improvement in pediatric care, affected individuals live into adulthood, some of whom marry or have committed relationships, and reproduce. The current study aimed to identify the factors that discriminate between married and unmarried adults with 22q11.2DS. In the presents study, 90 adults with 22q11.2DS (48 men/42 women), aged 29.8 ± 10.3 years, were included in the analysis. Psychiatric comorbidities, IQ score, and adaptive functioning were assessed using gold‐standard diagnostic tools. Demographic factors, marital status, and reproductive status were evaluated by self‐reports. Of the sample 25 adults (27.7%) were married and 14 (56%) of those had children. Married, as compared to unmarried individuals, were older, had less psychotic comorbidities, showed higher adaptive functioning in all domains of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, and had higher rates of independent living and sustained employment. Unexpectedly, married individuals showed higher rates of mood disorders and full scale IQ scores did not discriminate between the groups. We propose that multiple factors are associated with marital status among individuals with 22q11.2DS. Identification of key personal, functional, and social characteristics of those who married and reproduced may help counseling health professionals and clinicians in advising affected individuals and their families.
New insights and advances in CHARGE syndrome: Diagnosis, etiologies, treatments, and research discoveries
Authors: van Ravenswaaij‐Arts Conny , Martin Donna M.
Published: November 2017

CHARGE syndrome is a multiple congenital anomaly condition caused, in a majority of individuals, by loss of function pathogenic variants in the gene CHD7. In this special issue of the American Journal of Medical Genetics part C, authors of eleven manuscripts describe specific organ system features of CHARGE syndrome, with a focus on recent developments in diagnosis, etiologies, and treatments. Since 2004, when CHD7 was identified as the major causative gene in CHARGE, several animal models (mice, zebrafish, flies, and frog) and cell‐based systems have been developed to explore the underlying pathophysiology of this condition. In this article, we summarize those advances, highlight opportunities for new discoveries, and encourage readers to explore specific organ systems in more detail in each individual article. We hope the excitement around innovative research and development in CHARGE syndrome will encourage others to join this effort, and will stimulate other investigators and professionals to engage with individuals diagnosed as having CHARGE syndrome, their families, and their care providers.
Ein gespanntes tricyclisches PC3‐Phosphan – Koordinationschemie und Insertion von Chalkogenatomen in P‐C‐Bindungen
Authors: Hentschel Anne , Brand Alexander , Wegener Philipp , Uhl Werner
Published: November 2017

Das tricyclische Phosphan 4 hat ein starres Molekülgerüst. Ein großer Tolman‐Winkel und hohes “Buried Volume” belegen die effektive sterische Abschirmung des P‐Atoms, das ausschließlich an C(sp2)‐Atome bindet. 4 ist ein interessanter neuer Ligand für die Koordinationschemie (Au‐, Pd‐Komplexe) und zeigt infolge der hohen Molekülspannung ungewöhnliche Insertionsreaktionen in endocyclische P‐C‐Bindungen.
Three new mixed‐ligand copper(II) complexes containing glycyl‐l‐valine and N,N‐aromatic heterocyclic compounds: Synthesis, characterization, DNA interaction, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Qi Yong‐Yu , Liu Ya‐Xian , Gan Qian , Xiong Ya‐Hong , Mao Zong‐Wan , Le Xue‐Yi
Published: November 2017

Three novel copper(II) complexes, [Cu(Gly‐l‐Val)(HPBM)(H2O)]·ClO4·H2O (1), [Cu(Gly‐l‐Val)(TBZ)(H2O)]·ClO4 (2) and [Cu(Gly‐l‐Val)(PBO)(H2O)]·ClO4 (3) (Gly‐l‐Val = glycyl‐l‐valine anion, HPBM = 5‐methyl‐2‐(2′‐pyridyl)benzimidazole, TBZ = 2‐(4′‐thiazolyl)benzimidazole, PBO = 2‐(2′‐pyridyl)benzoxazole), have been prepared and characterized with elemental analyses, conductivity measurements as well as various spectroscopic techniques. The interactions of these copper complexes with calf thymus DNA were explored using UV–visible, fluorescence, circular dichroism, thermal denaturation, viscosity and docking analyses methods. The experimental results showed that all three complexes could bind to DNA via an intercalative mode. Moreover, the cytotoxic effects were evaluated using the MTT method, and the antimicrobial activity of these complexes was tested against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results showed that the activities are consistent with their DNA binding abilities, following the order of 1 > 2 > 3.
Fe3O4@ZrO2/SO42‐: A recyclable magnetic heterogeneous nanocatalyst for synthesis of β‐amino carbonyl derivatives and synthesis of benzylamino coumarin derivatives through Mannich reaction
Authors: Ghafuri Hossein , Ghorbani Behnaz , Rashidizadeh Afsaneh , Talebi Majid , Roshani Mahdi
Published: November 2017

In the present work, we developed an effective protocol for the synthesis of β‐amino carbonyl compounds and synthesis of benzylamino coumarin derivatives through Mannich type reaction in high yields. Fe3O4@ZrO2/SO42‐ was employed as an effective heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the Mannich reaction. This research consists of two sections. In first section, β‐amino carbonyl derivatives were synthesized under solvent‐free condition. In the other section, benzylamino coumarin compounds were synthesized at room temperature. The present approach offers several advantages such as short reaction times, low cost, easy work‐up, mild reaction conditions, high yields and ease of recovery and reusability of the catalyst without significant loss of activity.
Synthesis of multi‐functionalized carbonyl compounds by palladium–catalysed γ‐substitution of MBH adducts with activated amides
Authors: Pei‐Sen Gao , Jin‐Lei Zhang , Ning Li , Jiang Zheng Zhan , Yang Yuan , Zi‐Wei Gao , Weiqiang Zhang , Li‐Wen Xu
Published: November 2017

Catalytic allylic γ‐substitution with Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman (MBH) adducts for creating a new family of unsymmetrical dicarbonyl compounds was presented in this work, in which a variety of allylated amide products were achieved in good yields and high regioselectivity with excellent linear‐to‐branched ratios. Especially, it was found that the Pd/HZNU‐Phos complex exhibited remarkably high activity (with a TON up to 16800) in this transformation between dicarbonyl amides and MBH adducts. In addition, the possibly multisite interaction between multifunctional Pd/HZNU‐Phos catalyst system and substrates might responsible for its exceptionally high efficiency in this reaction.
Effects of exposure to electromagnetic field from 915 MHz radiofrequency identification system on circulating blood cells in the healthy adult rat
Authors: Kim Hye Sun , Park Jae Sung , Jin Yeung‐Bae , Do Choi Hyung , Kwon Jong Hwa , Pack Jeong‐Ki , Kim Nam , Ahn Young Hwan
Published: November 2017

We investigated whether exposure to the 915 MHz radiofrequency identification (RFID) signal affected circulating blood cells in rats. Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to RFID at a whole‐body specific absorption rate of 2 W/kg for 8 h per day, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks. Complete blood counts were performed after RFID exposure, and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio was determined by flow cytometry. The number of red blood cells (RBCs) and the values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and RBC indices were increased in the RFID‐exposed group compared with those in the cage‐control and sham‐exposed groups (P < 0.05). However, the RBCs and platelet numbers were within normal physiologic response ranges. The number of white blood cells, including lymphocytes, was decreased in RFID‐exposed rats. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the sham‐exposed and RFID‐exposed groups in terms of T‐cell counts or CD4+/CD8+ ratio (P > 0.05). Although the number of circulating blood cells was significantly altered by RFID exposure at a whole‐body specific absorption rate of 2 W/kg for 2 weeks, these changes do not necessarily indicate that RFID exposure is harmful, as they were within the normal physiological response range. Bioelectromagnetics. 39:68–76, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cause‐specific mortality in HPV+ and HPV− oropharyngeal cancer patients: insights from a population‐based cohort
Authors: Nørregaard Cecilie , Grønhøj Christian , Jensen David , Friborg Jeppe , Andersen Elo , von Buchwald Christian
Published: November 2017

Identifying the causes of death in head and neck cancer patients can optimize follow‐up and therapeutic strategies, but studies in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients stratified by HPV status are lacking. We report cause‐specific mortality in a population‐based cohort of patients with OPSCC. Patients who had been diagnosed with OPSCC (n = 1541) between 2000 and 2014 in eastern Denmark were included in the study. Causes of death were collected through medical files and the Danish National Cause of Death registry. Deaths were grouped as (1) primary oropharyngeal cancer, (2) secondary malignancies, (3) cardiovascular and pulmonary disease, or (4) other/unspecified. The cumulative incidence of death and specific causes of death were determined using risk analysis. At follow‐up, 723 (47.5%) patients had died. The median time to and cause of death were determined: oropharyngeal cancer (n = 432; 1.00 year), secondary malignancies (n = 131; 2.37 years), cardiovascular and pulmonary causes (n = 58; 3.48 years), and unspecified causes (n = 102; 3.42 years). HPV/p16 status was the strongest predictor of improved survival across all causes of death. The only cause of death to decrease in incidence over the 2 years after treatment was death from OPSCC. HPV/p16 positivity was an independent factor for improved survival across all causes of death in patients with OPSCC. In addition, both HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative OPSCC patients faced high 5‐ and 10‐year mortality rates. Implementing secondary screening and prevention strategies for late toxicity and mortality are major goals in managing the treatment of these patients.
Psychological support for people with dementia: A preliminary study
Authors: Birtwell Kelly , Dubrow‐Marshall Linda
Published: November 2017

Aim/Purpose

Evidence suggests nonpharmacological therapies could improve quality of life in people with Alzheimer's disease (Olazaran et al., 2010). This study aimed to explore attitudes to, and acceptability of, psychological support for people with mild dementia, from their perspective.

Design/Methodology

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with five people identified from secondary care services. Questions concerned the experience of being diagnosed, experience of support services and their opinion of alternative support options. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results/Findings

Three main themes were identified: loss, coping mechanisms and support. Loss of physical abilities was associated with loss of identity and place in the community. Coping mechanisms included asserting control, and growth and development, including engaging in new activities or using humour. Individual needs and preferences were key to effective support. Social aspects of support and opportunities to talk about their feelings were valued by participants. Counselling, mindfulness and group‐based activities, including walking and gardening, were viewed positively. Support from admiral nurses or specialist nurses tended to be viewed in terms of physical health needs, and most needed in later stages of dementia.

Research Limitations

Limitations include the small sample size, potential inaccuracies acknowledged by participants regarding recollections of events and researcher bias in hoping that psychological support would be well received.

Conclusions/Implications

Talking therapies and psychosocial interventions are acceptable sources of support. Person‐centred support which considers personal preferences and abilities can support people to live well with dementia.
Restenosis patterns after bioresorbable vascular scaffold implantation: Angiographic substudy of the GHOST‐EU registry
Authors: Baquet Moritz , Nef Holger , Gori Tomasso , Latib Azeem , Capodanno Davide , Di Mario Carlo , Sabate Manel , Colombo Antonio , Tamburino Corrado , Mehilli Julinda
Published: November 2017

Objectives

To evaluate pattern of in‐BVS‐restenosis after bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) implantation.

Background

In‐stent restenosis morphology impacts target lesion revascularization (TLR) rates and clinical outcomes. Although several trials report on outcomes after BVS implantation, information about in‐BVS restenosis pattern is still lacking.

Methods

Between November 2011 and January 2014, in 7 of 10 European centers participating in the GHOST‐EU registry, 668 patients underwent BVS implantation. Of them 164 patients (200 lesions) underwent an additional angiogram 3 to 12 months after index PCI.

Results

Binary in‐BVS restenosis (IBR) (in‐segment diameter stenosis ≥50%) was observed in 12.7% (21 of 164) of patients (30 lesions), with a TLR rate of 16.5%. The IBR morphology was classified as focal margin in 50.0%, focal body in 26.7%, multifocal in 10.0%, and diffuse in 13.3% of these cases. Treatment of small vessels (OR 5.49, 95% CI 1.6–18.8, P < 0.01) was identified as independent predictor of IBR. Performing predilatation (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.02–1.04, P = 0.06), high‐pressure postdilatation (OR 3.16, 95% CI 0.90–11.18, P = 0.07) as well as treatment of acute coronary syndrome (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.03–1.12, P = 0.07) seem to strongly influence this risk.

Conclusions

The IBR morphology is mostly focal involving particularly the BVS margins suggesting association with procedural aspects in this early experience with BVS. Treatment of small vessels is the strongest predictor of higher IBR risk.
Metastatic HPV‐related oropharyngeal carcinoma cured with chemoradiotherapy: importance of pretherapy biomolecular assessment
Authors: Perri Francesco , Longo Francesco , Della Vittoria Scarpati Giuseppina , Pisconti Salvatore , Longo Vito , Addeo Raffaele , Carducci Fabio , Buonerba Carlo , Fulciniti Franco , Solla Raffaele
Published: November 2017

Key Clinical Message

Pretherapy assessment has a crucial role in the management of advanced oropharyngeal carcinoma. The case report represents an example of how translational research may help to optimize the therapeutic options and to choose a well‐shaped therapy adapted to the tumor and the patient.
Diagnosis of benign notochordal cell tumor of the spine: is a biopsy necessary?
Authors: Tateda Satoshi , Hashimoto Ko , Aizawa Toshimi , Kanno Haruo , Hitachi Shin , Itoi Eiji , Ozawa Hiroshi
Published: November 2017

Key Clinical Message

Benign notochordal cell tumor is a benign intraosseous lesion, demonstrates characteristic imaging features. The lesion demonstrates low‐signal intensity in T1‐weighted images, high‐signal intensity in T2‐weighted images, and no enhancement with contrast medium in MRI and slight osteosclerosis in CT. If typical imaging findings are identified, biopsy is not necessary.
Oral care and prevention of pneumonia after withdrawal of nasogastric tube feeding in three elderly patients with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Hamuro Atsushi , Honda Minoru , Tanaka Ryuichi
Published: November 2017

Key Clinical Message

We investigated the effect of oral care on the prevention of pneumonia using a clinical scoring scale in elderly patients with psychiatric disorders after the withdrawal of nasogastric feeding tubes. Notably, oral care was effective in preventing pneumonia relapse in these patients.
Suppressed Strong Metal–Support Interactions in Platinum on Sulfated Titania and Their Influence on the Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Lee Jaeha , Song Inhak , Kim Do Heui
Published: November 2017

Strong metal–support interactions (SMSI), which are evidenced by the coverage of Pt by the TiO2 support under reducing conditions, were suppressed upon loading Pt on sulfated TiO2 (S‐TiO2), according to controlled CO chemisorption results. Combined X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) studies showed that the Pt species interacted more strongly with the sulfur‐free TiO2 surface than with the sulfated TiO2 surface, which thereby facilitated the formation of SMSIs at low temperatures. Weakened interactions between Pt and S‐TiO2 led to the formation of large Pt clusters with more metallic character. CO oxidation on the Pt/S‐TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 catalysts revealed that the temperature for 50 % conversion was lower on Pt/S‐TiO2 than on Pt/TiO2 by more than 50 °C. It was concluded that the metal–support interactions between Pt and TiO2 could be controlled by S species on TiO2, and this ultimately influenced the CO oxidation ability of the catalyst.
Carbodicarbenes and their Captodative Behavior in Catalysis
Authors: Liu Shu‐kai , Shih Wei‐Chih , Chen Wen‐Ching , Ong Tiow‐Gan
Published: November 2017

That of carbones is a new family member in the class of low‐valent carbon compounds. Unlike its cousin, the conventional carbene, the carbone possesses two free electron lone pairs. In combination with their unique allene‐type structure, they possess stronger σ‐donating ability than conventional carbenes such as NHCs or CAACs. Because of this property, they have a huge potential to become a new class of ligands in organometallic chemistry and catalysis. Although carbodiphosphoranes (CDP) were initially discovered in 1961, nearly 50 years were needed to attract the attention of the chemical community with the synthesis of the carbodicarbene (CDC). This Concept paper summarizes developments over the last 10 years and future outlooks for this new class of σ‐donors, particularly carbodicarbenes.
RuII Photosensitizer‐Functionalized Two‐Dimensional MoS2 for Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Chen Xin , McAteer David , McGuinness Cormac , Godwin Ian , Coleman Jonathan N. , McDonald Aidan R.
Published: November 2017

Metallic‐phase molybdenum disulfide (1T‐MoS2) nanosheets have proven to be highly active in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). We describe construction of photosensitizer functionalized 1T‐MoS2 by covalently tethering the molecular photosensitizer [RuII(bpy)3]2+ (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine) on 1T‐MoS2 nanosheets. This was achieved by covalently tethering the bpy ligand to 1T‐MoS2 nanosheets, and subsequent complexation with [RuII(bpy)2Cl2] to yield [RuII(bpy)3]–MoS2. The obtained [RuII(bpy)3]–MoS2 nanosheets were characterized using infra‐red, electronic absorption, X‐ray photoelectron, and Raman spectroscopies, X‐ray powder diffraction and electron microscopy. The fabricated material exhibited a significant improvement of photocurrent and HER performance, demonstrating the potential of such two‐dimensional [RuII(bpy)3]–MoS2 constructs in photosensitized HER.
Fluorescence Spectroscopy of AdamBODIPY Single Crystals
Authors: Liao Yuan‐Yuan , Melissen Sigismund T.A.G. , Audibert Jean‐Frédéric , Vu Thanh‐Truc , Clavier Gilles , Méallet‐Renault Rachel , Retailleau Pascal , Lemaistre Jean‐Pierre , Génot Valérie , Pansu Robert
Published: November 2017

Interest in the fluorescence of organic solids is increasing with the development of nanosensors and research into new molecules with aggregation‐induced fluorescence properties. We have gone beyond the qualitative observation of fluorescence by analyzing the luminescence properties of planar single crystals of a 4,4′‐difluoro‐4‐bora‐(3a,4a)‐diaza‐s‐indacene (BODIPY) derivative with micrometric dimensions. A simple Frenkel exciton model applied to this crystal predicts one band. From time‐resolved fluorescence spectra, three emissions were distinguished. The shortest‐lived one at λ=547 nm was predicted by theory and corresponds to an exciton lifetime of 0.9 ns. A trap with an intermediate emission lifetime of 1.2 ns was found at 569 nm and a final trap at 620 nm has a lifetime of 1.9 ns. These attributions were confirmed by the study of the polarization of these emissions. The 547 nm emission was polarized along the long axis of the crystal as predicted by the Frenkel exciton model. The 569 nm emission was polarized perpendicularly to the plane of the crystal and the 620 nm emission was polarized along the short axis. Thus, the two red‐shifted bands were related to well‐defined defects with specific orientations in the crystal. Fluorescence lifetime imaging measurements showed that the density of these defects is not uniform and that under our synthesis conditions, they are formed in the initial steps of the growth and therefore appear in the center of the crystals.
A novel and efficient lattice‐based authenticated key exchange protocol in C‐K model
Authors: Gupta Daya Sagar , Biswas G. P.
Published: November 2017

Key exchange protocols play an important role in securing the network communication over an insecure channel. In literature, a large number of key exchange schemes exist. The security of most of them is based on the Diffie‐Hellman (DH) problems over a group. But these types of DH problems are solvable in the presence of quantum computers. Thus, we require a non‐DH type key exchange scheme that resists to the quantum computers and new modern technologies. In this paper, 2 novel lattice‐based authenticated key exchange (LB‐AKE) protocols, (1) using a signature‐based authenticator and (2) using a signcryption‐based authenticator, are devised in Canetti‐Krawczyk proof model. The security of proposed protocols depends on the hardness of small integer solutions on the lattice. An extensive proof of security to our claim is given. The proposed AKEs characterize faster computation speed and resistance to the modern complex computers.
Children's anxiety symptoms and salivary immunoglobulin A: A mutual regulatory system?
Authors: Ma Denise , Serbin Lisa A. , Stack Dale M.
Published: November 2017

Anxiety can impact the immune system resulting in negative health outcomes. Salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is a first line of defense against foreign antigens, with lowered levels indicative of weakened mucosal immunity. Little is known about how anxiety symptoms affect the diurnal rhythm of sIgA secretion, or the longitudinal transactional sequence between the two in children and adolescents. The goals of the two studies were to: (i) explore the concurrent associations between self‐reported anxiety symptoms and diurnal variations of sIgA across the day using repeated daily samples of sIgA; and (ii) examine transactional relations between children's anxiety and aggregated total amount of sIgA levels across successive periods from middle childhood (Wave 1; ages 9–12) to early adolescence (Wave 2; ages 12–15), and from early to mid‐ adolescence (Wave 3; ages 15–18). Concurrent results showed a steeper (positive) rise in diurnal slope of sIgA from awakening to 5 hr post‐awakening in children with higher anxiety. Longitudinally, higher levels of total anxiety, and specifically, worries at Wave 1 significantly predicted lower cumulative daily levels of sIgA 3 years later at Wave 2. Lowered sIgA levels at Wave 2 in turn predicted higher anxiety at Wave 3, illustrating a “vicious cycle” feedback loop. These findings broaden our understanding of the developmental links between anxiety symptoms, the immune system, and health.
Early ecological outcomes of natural regeneration and tree plantations for restoring agricultural landscapes
Authors: César Ricardo G. , Moreno Vanessa S. , Coletta Gabriel D. , Chazdon Robin L. , Ferraz Silvio F. B. , de Almeida Danilo R. A. , Brancalion Pedro H. S.
Published: November 2017

Mixed tree plantings and natural regeneration are the main restoration approaches for recovering tropical forests worldwide. Despite substantial differences in implementation costs between these methods, little is known regarding how they differ in terms of ecological outcomes, which is key information for guiding decision making and cost‐effective restoration planning. Here, we compared the early ecological outcomes of natural regeneration and tree plantations for restoring the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in agricultural landscapes. We assessed and compared vegetation structure and composition in young (7–20 yr old) mixed tree plantings (PL), second‐growth tropical forests established on former pastures (SGp), on former Eucalyptus spp. plantations (SGe), and in old‐growth reference forests (Ref). We sampled trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) 1–5 cm (saplings) and trees at DBH > 5 cm (trees) in a total of 32 20 × 45 m plots established in these landscapes. Overall, the ecological outcomes of natural regeneration and restoration plantations were markedly different. SGe forests showed higher abundance of large (DBH > 20 cm) nonnative species, of which 98% were resprouting Eucalyptus trees, than SGp and PL, and higher total aboveground biomass; however, aboveground biomass of native species was higher in PL than in SGe. PL forests had lower abundance of native saplings and lianas than both naturally established second‐growth forests, and lower proportion of animal dispersed saplings than SGe, probably due to higher isolation from native forest remnants. Rarefied species richness of trees was lower in SGp, intermediate in SGe and Ref and higher in PL, whereas rarefied species richness of saplings was higher in SG than in Ref. Species composition differed considerably among regeneration types. Although these forests are inevitably bound to specific landscape contexts and may present varying outcomes as they develop through longer time frames, the ecological particularities of forests established through different restoration approaches indicate that naturally established forests may not show similar outcomes to mixed tree plantings. The results of this study underscore the importance that restoration decisions need to be based on more robust expectations of outcomes that allow for a better analysis of the cost‐effectiveness of different restoration approaches before scaling‐up forest restoration in the tropics.
Habitat‐related seed germination traits in alpine habitats
Authors: Tudela‐Isanta Maria , Fernández‐Pascual Eduardo , Wijayasinghe Malaka , Orsenigo Simone , Rossi Graziano , Pritchard Hugh W. , Mondoni Andrea
Published: November 2017

Understanding the key aspects of plant regeneration from seeds is crucial in assessing species assembly to their habitats. However, the regenerative traits of seed dormancy and germination are underrepresented in this context. In the alpine zone, the large species and microhabitat diversity provide an ideal context to assess habitat‐related regenerative strategies. To this end, seeds of 53 species growing in alpine siliceous and calcareous habitats (6230 and 6170 of EU Directive 92/43, respectively) were exposed to different temperature treatments under controlled laboratory conditions. Germination strategies in each habitat were identified by clustering with k‐means. Then, phylogenetic least squares correlations (PGLS) were fitted to assess germination and dormancy differences between species’ main habitat (calcareous and siliceous), microhabitat (grasslands, heaths, rocky, and species with no specific microhabitats), and chorology (arctic–alpine and continental). Calcareous and siliceous grasslands significantly differ in their germination behaviour with a slow, mostly overwinter germination and high germination under all conditions, respectively. Species with high overwinter germination occurs mostly in heaths and have an arctic–alpine distribution. Meanwhile, species with low or high germinability in general inhabit in grasslands or have no specific microhabitat (they belong to generalist), respectively. Alpine species use different germination strategies depending on habitat provenance, species’ main microhabitat, and chorotype. Such differences may reflect adaptations to local environmental conditions and highlight the functional role of germination and dormancy in community ecology.
Divergent habitat use of two urban lizard species
Authors: Winchell Kristin M. , Carlen Elizabeth J. , Puente‐Rolón Alberto R. , Revell Liam J.
Published: November 2017

Faunal responses to anthropogenic habitat modification represent an important aspect of global change. In Puerto Rico, two species of arboreal lizard, Anolis cristatellus and A. stratulus, are commonly encountered in urban areas, yet seem to use the urban habitat in different ways. In this study, we quantified differences in habitat use between these two species in an urban setting. For each species, we measured habitat use and preference, and the niche space of each taxon, with respect to manmade features of the urban environment. To measure niche space of these species in an urban environment, we collected data from a total of six urban sites across four different municipalities on the island of Puerto Rico. We quantified relative abundance of both species, their habitat use, and the available habitat in the environment to measure both microhabitat preference in an urban setting, as well as niche partitioning between the two different lizards. Overall, we found that the two species utilize different portions of the urban habitat. Anolis stratulus tends to use more “natural” portions of the urban environment (i.e., trees and other cultivated vegetation), whereas A. cristatellus more frequently uses anthropogenic structures. We also found that aspects of habitat discrimination in urban areas mirror a pattern measured in prior studies for forested sites in which A. stratulus was found to perch higher than A. cristatellus and preferred lower temperatures and greater canopy cover. In our study, we found that the multivariate niche space occupied by A. stratulus did not differ from the available niche space in natural portions of the urban environment and in turn represented a subset of the niche space occupied by A. cristatellus. The unique niche space occupied by A. cristatellus corresponds to manmade aspects of the urban environment generally not utilized by A. stratulus. Our results demonstrate that some species are merely tolerant of urbanization while others utilize urban habitats in novel ways. This finding has implications for long‐term persistence in urban habitats and suggests that loss of natural habitat elements may lead to nonrandom species extirpations as urbanization intensifies.
Phylogenetic relationships and phylogeography of relevant lineages within the complex Campanulaceae family in Macaronesia
Authors: Menezes Tiago , Romeiras Maria M. , de Sequeira Miguel M. , Moura Mónica
Published: November 2017

Macaronesia has long been recognized as a natural model for studying evolutionary processes in plant diversification. Several studies have attempted to focus on single lineages, and few have covered the diversification of a family across all the archipelagos. We used a comprehensive sample to clarify the phylogenetic relationships and the biogeographic history of the Macaronesian Campanulaceae. Hypotheses related to the colonization of these archipelagos will be used to examine the diversification patterns of different lineages. We sequenced the ITS region and six cpDNA markers (atpB, matK, petD, rbcL, trnL‐F, and psbA‐trnH) from 10 Campanulaceae species, including seven endemic species in Macaronesia. The phylogeny of these taxa was reconstructed using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference. To study the relationships within each lineage, haplotype networks were calculated using NeighborNet and TCS algorithms. Moreover, data were combined with fossil information to construct time‐calibrated trees for the Macaronesian Campanulaceae species. The phylogenetic analyses are largely congruent with current taxon circumscriptions, and all the endemic genera formed monophyletic clades, namely Azorina in Azores; Musschia in Madeira; and Campanula in Cape Verde. The Azorina clade and the Cape Verde endemic Campanula may share a common ancestor in North Africa, and the divergence was dated ca. 12.3 million years ago (Mya). The divergence of the Musschia clade began in the Pliocene ca. 3.4 Mya. Moreover, several examples of intraspecific variation were revealed among the native species with a clear geographic structured patterns, suggesting that cryptic diversity might exist within the native Macaronesian Campanulaceae when compared to the close mainland taxa (e.g., Campanula erinus, Trachelium caeruleum), but additional studies are needed to support the molecular data. This study highlights the power of combining data (e.g., phylogeny and divergence times, with species distribution data) for testing diversification hypotheses within the unique Macaronesian flora, providing useful information for future conservation efforts.
Temporal effects of disturbance on community composition in simulated stage‐structured plant communities
Authors: Wang Youshi , Wen Shujun , Farnon Ellwood M. D. , Miller Adam D. , Chu Chengjin
Published: November 2017

In an era of global environmental change, understanding how disturbance affects the dynamics of ecological communities is crucial. However, few studies have theoretically explored the potential influence of disturbance including both intensity and frequency on compositional change over time in communities with stage structure. A spatially explicit, individual‐based model was constructed incorporating the various demographic responses to disturbance of plants at two different growth stages: seedlings and adults. In the model, we assumed that individuals within each stage were demographically equivalent (neutral) but differed between stages. We simulated a common phenomenon that seedlings suffered more from disturbance such as grazing and fire than adults. We showed how stage‐structured communities of seedlings and adults responded to disturbance with various levels of disturbance frequency and intensity. In “undisturbed” simulations, the relationship between average species abundance (defined here as the total number of individuals divided by species richness) and community composition turnover (measured by the Bray–Curtis similarity index) was asymptotic. However, in strongly “disturbed” simulations with the between‐disturbance intervals greater than one, this relationship became unimodal. Stage‐dependent response to disturbance underlay the above discrepancy between undisturbed and disturbed communities.
Rational Self‐Assembly of Tricobalt Extended Metal Atom Chains and [MF6]2– Building Blocks into One‐Dimensional Coordination Polymers
Authors: Cortijo Miguel , Bulicanu Vladimir , Pedersen Kasper S. , Rouzières Mathieu , Bendix Jesper , Clérac Rodolphe , Hillard Elizabeth A.
Published: November 2017

Following our recent work on the first crystallographically characterized coordination polymers based on tricobalt extended metal atom chains (EMACs), namely, [Co3(dpa)4MF6]·2DMF [M = ZrIV (1), SnIV (2), and ReIV (3); Hdpa = 2,2′‐dipyridylamine; DMF = N,N′‐dimethylformamide], we have generalized our synthetic approach based on robust fluoride complexes to prepare new self‐assembled one‐dimensional (1D) polymers formed by [Co3(dpa)4]2+ and 5d [MF6]2– [M = IrIV (4) and OsIV (5)] building blocks. These 1D complexes are isostructural and crystallize in the P4/ncc space group such that the fourfold axis is coincident with the metal axes of the rigorously linear chains. Magnetic studies reveal ferromagnetic coupling between the S = 1/2 {Co3} and [MF6]2– units in 3 and 4, whereas the nonmagnetic [MF6]2– linkers of 1 and 5 mediate antiferromagnetic coupling between the {Co3} spins. For 2, no significant exchange coupling was observed. Spin‐crossover behavior, which was observed for the parent [Co3(dpa)4Cl2] complex, was not detected for 1–5 up to 300 K. This work demonstrates that EMACs and [MF6]2– complexes can be considered as appealing building blocks for the design of new functional coordination networks.
Preparation of CuO/CeO2 Catalyst with Enhanced Catalytic Performance for Water–Gas Shift Reaction in Hydrogen Production
Authors: Chen Chongqi , Zhan Yingying , Li Dalin , Zhang Yanjie , Lin Xingyi , Jiang Lilong , Zheng Qi
Published: November 2017

CuO/CeO2 is a promising catalyst for water–gas shift (WGS) reaction in H2 production. Much effort has been devoted to improving its catalytic activity and stability by CeO2 support modification or introduction of secondary active species. Here a method to enhance the catalytic performance by controlling the deposition rate of copper is reported. The nature of CuO and CuO‐CeO2 synergetic interaction are modulated by using different copper sources (Cu(NO3)2 and Cu[(NH3)
) and controlling reaction temperatures. The as‐prepared CuO‐CeO2 catalysts show distinguish catalytic performances for the WGS reaction. The one prepared by using Cu[(NH3)
at the reaction temperature of 30 °C (CuCe‐30N) shows superior catalytic activity and stability. The CuCe‐30N catalyst possesses the largest Cu0 surface area (39.2 m2 
) and strongest CuO‐CeO2 synergetic interaction. The largest Cu0 surface area provides the most active sites for CO adsorption thus leading to its highest activity. The strong synergetic interaction prevents Cu crystallites from sintering during the WGS reaction, thus improving its thermal stability.
In vitro digestibility of hydrothermally modified Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean L.) starch and flour
Authors: Afolabi T. Adeniyi , Opara Amarachi O. , Kareem Sharafadeen O. , Oladoyinbo Fatai O.
Published: November 2017

In‐vitro digestibility and functional properties of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean) (BG) flour, and its native and hydrothermally modified starches were investigated. The isolated native starch (BNS) was modified by annealing at 50°C for 48 hr (BAS), and heat‐moisture treated at 100°C for 16 hr at 25% moisture level (BHS). The crude protein of BG flour was 16.88%. The amylose content of the flour and native starch was 6.10% and 27.70%, respectively. Hydrothermal modification increased the gelatinization profile of the starch but reduces its pasting properties. Swelling and solubility of the flour and starches increased with increase in temperature. X‐ray diffraction revealed BNS and BAS exhibited “Type C” crystallinity pattern while BHS was “Type A.” The BNS granule was oval, its diameter between 22 and 30 μm, with no significant change in the morphology of BAS and BHS. The BG flour had 33% resistant starch and 11.63% digestible starch. Heat‐moisture treatment enhanced the resistant starch content of the native starch significantly.
Optimization and validation of automated hippocampal subfield segmentation across the lifespan
Authors: Bender Andrew R. , Keresztes Attila , Bodammer Nils C. , Shing Yee Lee , Werkle‐Bergner Markus , Daugherty Ana M. , Yu Qijing , Kühn Simone , Lindenberger Ulman , Raz Naftali
Published: November 2017

Automated segmentation of hippocampal (HC) subfields from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is gaining popularity, but automated procedures that afford high speed and reproducibility have yet to be extensively validated against the standard, manual morphometry. We evaluated the concurrent validity of an automated method for hippocampal subfields segmentation (automated segmentation of hippocampal subfields, ASHS; Yushkevich et al., ) using a customized atlas of the HC body, with manual morphometry as a standard. We built a series of customized atlases comprising the entorhinal cortex (ERC) and subfields of the HC body from manually segmented images, and evaluated the correspondence of automated segmentations with manual morphometry. In samples with age ranges of 6–24 and 62–79 years, 20 participants each, we obtained validity coefficients (intraclass correlations, ICC) and spatial overlap measures (dice similarity coefficient) that varied substantially across subfields. Anterior and posterior HC body evidenced the greatest discrepancies between automated and manual segmentations. Adding anterior and posterior slices for atlas creation and truncating automated output to the ranges manually defined by multiple neuroanatomical landmarks substantially improved the validity of automated segmentation, yielding ICC above 0.90 for all subfields and alleviating systematic bias. We cross‐validated the developed atlas on an independent sample of 30 healthy adults (age 31–84) and obtained good to excellent agreement: ICC (2) = 0.70–0.92. Thus, with described customization steps implemented by experts trained in MRI neuroanatomy, ASHS shows excellent concurrent validity, and can become a promising method for studying age‐related changes in HC subfield volumes.