bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobilizing Christianity in the Antivivisection Movement in Victorian Britain
Authors: Li Chien-hui
Published: October 2012

This article offers a historical perspective on the bearing of the Christian tradition on humans’ ethical relations with other animals. Instead of focusing on major theologians and canonical texts, this article turns to the initiatives taken by laity and clergy in the mobilization of their antivivisection cause in the last quarter of the 19th century. It reveals that despite the lack of institutional support from major Churches, many reformers sympathetic to Christian ideals relied on Christianity as their moral foundation, utilizing various recourses associated with it in their fight against animal experimentation. These reformers appropriated the concepts of sin and self-sacrifice and the notion of the incarnate Christ, as well as critiques against scientific knowledge and materialism permeating the wider conflict between religion and science at the time. In this wideranging mobilization of resources associated with the Christian religious tradition, they sustained a generation of activism against animal experimentation while, at the same time, recreating a positive Christian subtradition in animal ethics.
Non-Collision Conditions in Multi-Agent Virtual Leader-Based Formation Control
Authors: Hernandez-Martinez E.G. , Bricaire E. Aranda
Published: October 2012

Formation control is one of the most important issues of group coordination for multi-agent robots systems. Some schemes are based on the leader-followers approach where some robots are considered as group leaders which influence the group behaviour. In this work, we address a formation strategy using a virtual leader which has communication with the rest of the follower robots, considered as omnidirectional robots. The virtual leader approach presents advantages such as analysis simplification and fewer sensing requirements in the control law implementation. The formation control is based on attractive potential functions only. The control law guarantees the convergence to the desired formation but, in principle, does not avoid inter-agent collisions. A set of necessary and sufficient non-collision conditions based on the explicit solution of the closed-loop system is derived. The conditions allow concluding from the initial conditions whether or not the agents will collide. The results are extended to the case of unicycle-type robots.
The Use of Model Matching Video Analysis and Computational Simulation to Study the Ankle Sprain Injury Mechanism
Authors: Fong Daniel Tik-Pui , Wei Feng
Published: October 2012

Lateral ankle sprains continue to be the most common injury sustained by athletes and create an annual healthcare burden of over $4 billion in the U.S. alone. Foot inversion is suspected in these cases, but the mechanism of injury remains unclear. While kinematics and kinetics data are crucial in understanding the injury mechanisms, ligament behaviour measures – such as ligament strains – are viewed as the potential causal factors of ankle sprains. This review article demonstrates a novel methodology that integrates model matching video analyses with computational simulations in order to investigate injury-producing events for a better understanding of such injury mechanisms. In particular, ankle joint kinematics from actual injury incidents were deduced by model matching video analyses and then input into a generic computational model based on rigid bone surfaces and deformable ligaments of the ankle so as to investigate the ligament strains that accompany these sprain injuries. These techniques may have the potential for guiding ankle sprain prevention strategies and targeted rehabilitation therapies.
Manipulation of Microobjects Based on Dynamic Adhesion Control
Authors: Chen Tao , Pan Mingqiang , Wang Yangjun , Liu Jizhu , Chen Liguo , Sun Lining
Published: October 2012

Due to scale effects, microoperation, especially the releasing of microobjects, has been a long-standing challenge in micromanipulation applications. In this paper a micromanipulation method is presented based on dynamic adhesion control with compound vibration. This adhesion control technique employs inertia force to overcome adhesion force achieving 100% repeatability with releasing accuracy of 4± 0.5μm, which was experimentally quantified through the manipulation of 20–100μm polystyrene spheres under an optical microscope. The micromanipulation system consists of a microgripper and a piezoelectric ceramics module. The compound vibration comes from the electrostatic actuator and the piezoelectrically driven actuator. Surface and bulk micromachining technology is employed to fabricate the microgripper used in the system from a single crystal silicon wafer. Experimental results confirmed that this adhesion control technique is independent of substrate. Theoretical analyses were conducted to understand the picking up and releasing mechanism. Based on this preliminary study, the micromanipulation system proved to be an effective solution for active picking up and releasing of micromanipulation.
Pedagogický dualizmus teoretického a praktického: historické pozadie a súčasné ilúzie
Authors: Višňovský E. , Kaščák O. , Pupala B.
Published: October 2012

Štúdia sa vracia k tradičnej otázke pedagogiky – ku vzťahu teoretického poznania k praxi, ku vzťahu vedy a praxe. K problému pristupuje komplexným teoretickým pohľadom, a to tak, že uvedený problém pedagogiky zaraďuje do širších súvislostí vývoja sociohumanitných vied ako takých. Na ich pozadí sú interpretované premeny vzťahov teórie a praxe, ako sa objavovali od antiky cez nástup moderny až po súčasnosť. Vzťahové premeny „teoretického“ a „praktického“ sú potom východiskovou osou pre chápanie vývoja pedagogiky v oscilácii jej sebaprezentácie ako teoretickej či praktickej disciplíny. V týchto intenciách je preskúmaný aj dnes populárny koncept učiteľa ako reflektujúceho praktika, ktorý má byť, najmä na poli vzdelávania učiteľov, nádejným príkladom, ako definitívne odstrániť neprekonateľnú priepasť, ktorá doposiaľ stála medzi akademickým poznaním a poznávacími potrebami vynárajúcimi sa pri praktickom výkone výchovy a vzdelávania.
Manažerské rozhodování při řízení kvality školy
Authors: Voda J.
Published: October 2012

V textu je představena metodologická aplikace design-based research při zjišťování závislosti manažerského rozhodování a kvality školy. S oporou o teoretické principy rozhodování a koncept kvalitní školy bilancujeme reálné výsledky rozhodovacích procesů ve fázi zakládání školy a tvorby školního kurikula. Jedná se o soukromou bilingvní základní školu s prvním stupněm. Východisko kvality této školy je spatřováno v kvalitě rozhodovacích procesů. V rozpětí čtyř let sledujeme, jak v cyklickém procesu analýza-návrh-evaluace-nový návrh dochází k posunům a přehodnocování původních rozhodnutí. Na základě získané procesní zkušenosti nabízíme interpretace, které mohou zpětně přispět k rozšíření poznání rozhodovacích procesů managementu škol. Současně zužitkováváme výsledky výzkumu k vytříbení praktického řešení ve prospěch zkoumané školy.
Ancora sul concilio di Alessandria del 362, e dintorni
Authors: Simonetti Manlio ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2012

In relation to the recent monograph of Karmann on Meletius of Antioch, some important episodes concerning the Arian controversy in the East between 360 and 364 are examined. The presence of the Meletians at the Council of Alexandria in 362 is ruled out and the meaning of the Trinitarian and Christological formulas in the Tomus ad Antiochenos is critically evaluated. The more political than doctrinal meaning of the formula issued by the Council of Antioch in 363 is accentuated, and the significance of the contentious relationship between Athanasius and Meletius is considered in depth. That the doctrinal decisions of the Alessandrian council of 362 might have anticipated the passage from Nicenism to Neo – Nicenism is ruled out; this is confirmed by the Trinitarian reflection of Basil of Caesarea.
L'esegesi di Io. 10,1-10 in alcuni scrittori dei secoli IV-VI
Authors: Bottino Adriana ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2012

From the starting point of Jesus's double self-definition as 'Door' in John 10.1-10 (10.7.9), in the solemn context of a disquisition on revelation, introduced by the formula Amen Amen and by I AM, indicating Christ as mediator, the article proposes a rereading and reinterpretation of some Greek and Latin authors from 4th to 6th century. By examining the meaning of the term Door, one can seize several aspects that go beyond the text: the statement mediation towards the Father, the different ways of the mediation: the salvific one, the ecclesiological side, the application to moral, ascetic, spiritual life and the escathological emphasis.
« Plenitud » y « Participación ». Nociones estructurantes de la doctrina teológica de Orígenes de Alejandría
Authors: Ávila Antonio Bueno ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2012

This article shows the close relationship that exists between two fundamental concepts in the theological doctrine of Origen of Alexandria: “fullness” and“participation”. These two concepts have been the subject of many earlier studies. However, they treated the topic in a more restricted sense, exploring very specific aspects of Origenian theology. The originality of this study lies in demonstrating how both concepts recur frequently in his theological thinking, give it a framework and hold his thought together. They consequently systematize and make possible a perfect synthesis of all his thinking.
The Development of the Concept of Grace in Late Antique North Africa (Ist context within the Donatist & Pelagian debates)
Authors: Gaumer Matthew Alan ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2012

This article identifies the context of Augustine's theology of grace. His disappointing experiences as a priest and young bishop impacted his theological notions of gratia, especially as they would mature during the Pelagian crisis. Using Cyprian as an authority, Augustine argued against the Donatist idea of grace solely through membership in the 'pure' church and sacramental grace only via ministers free from ecclesial-sin (traditio). Instead, Augustine argued that all grace is solely through God and that all humanity and the earthly Church was a mixed body of the fallen and blessed and in need of divine grace.
« Ecce panis haereticorum ». Diversità alimentari ed identità religiose nel 'De haeresibus' di Agostino
Authors: Tasca Francesca ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2012

The article examines the food-implications that Augustine assigns to the different groups catalogued in the unfinished work De haeresibus. The aim isto check whether eating habits (and, if so, what eating habits) could be a criterion of heretical identity and identification. On concluding the examination it was found that the eating habits identified by Augustine are a very significant component (and sometimes even discriminatory) used to determine the heretical character of individual dissident groups. However, this same plurality of eating habits which sometimes oppose each other, cannot be reduced to a single paradigm which is able to define the quid faciat hereticum in a broader and more comprehensive manner. In Augustine‟s mind, the heretical identity (and identification) is not reducible to a standard and unique formula.
L’influenza della patristica sulla politica legislativa de nuptiis degli imperatori romani dei secoli IV e V
Authors: Falchi Gian Luigi ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2012

This study aims at ascertaining the existence of an organic legal policy in marriage matters, one which was followed by Roman Emperors in the IV and V centuries, in particular by Constantine. It is also aimed at showing that this policy corresponded to Christian ideas as expressed by various Church Fathers. This research was carried out in a careful way with attention to the chronology of the writings examined, and with a comparative analysis of every single essay that was subsequently treated.
Los espectáculos de la tradición romano-pagana en la obra de Paulino de Nola
Authors: Sánchez Juan Antonio Jiménez ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2012

In this paper we study the presence of elements related to Roman games in the work of the bishop Paulinus of Nola (355-431 AD). References to shows inhis work are not as abundant as they occurs among his contemporaries. Nevertheless, many of these references possess a great importance for us. Certainly, they are similar to other allusions made by his contemporaries; however they express the opinion of one of the most famous and prestigious bishops of the Late Antiquity about these popular exhibitions. In his writings we can see his criticism of the waste of wealth in the organization of the Roman games, and also the use of a metaphorical language with ludical reminiscences whose origins go back to Paul of Tarsus.
Books 1-16 of the De Civitate Dei
Authors: Alexanderson Bengt ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2012

The paper discusses how the oldest manuscripts (L, C, V) of De civitate Dei are related to the more recent ones. The problems that emerge concern theexistence of an archetype; the relationship between L and C; the question whether the earlier manuscripts may be right (they sometimes are). In quite a few passages the readings preferred by editors are questionable, and others are proposed. It is shown that interpolation and revision of the text play an important role, and that the context must take priority in attempting to establish the text. We should not put excessive trust in the older manuscripts, yet, at the same time, we should be aware of the uncertainty of our choices.
In margine allo Pseudogiustino
Authors: Simonetti Manlio ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2012

Following the edition of the works of Ps. Justin by B. Pouderon, this article presents some critical notes concerning de monarchia and the Cohortatio ad Graecos. Notwithstanding the significant relationship with Clement of Alexandria, the de monarchia in fact comes from the Judeo-Hellenic background of Alexandria. The work was composed in the context of the anti-polytheistic controversy, and lacks the detail which would indicate a Christian origin. Concerning the Cohortatio it is suggested that due to its linguistic characteristics the probable author is Marcellus of Ancyra, despite the fact that neither the doctrine nor the exegesis support this assumption.
Early Christian Missions from Alexandria to “India”. Institutional Transformations and Geographical Identifications
Authors: Ramelli Ilaria L.E. ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2012

This article first deals with Pantaenus’s mission to India, which began in Alexandria through the private initiative of Pantaenus, the teacher of Clement who was also well known to Origen. In the age of Athanasius (fourth century), another mission to India was organised in Alexandria, and this time the bishop himself took the initiative to send missionaries. Meanwhile in Alexandria the episcopacy had gained strength, and the head of the Didaskaleion – Didymus, a follower of Origen – was then appointed by the bishop, whereas neither Pantaenus nor Clement were so appointed. The article also discusses to which “India” the mission was directed. Generally, it is considered to have been Ethiopia, but in fact it might have been India.
“Cuerpo” en la tradición antioquena
Authors: de Navascués Benlloch Patricio ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2012

Faced with an Alexandrian (Arian) anthropology of Neoplatonic inspiration, Eustathius adopts a strong position in several statements that is similar to astoic Aristotelianism of the 4th century. Nevertheless, Eustathius's reflection is more genuinely theological, than it is reflective of any particular philosophical trend. For him, the human body is a dynamic concept which finds its full meaning in light of the history of salvation, wherein the incarnate and glorified Logos, the second Adam, brings to completion the perfection and incorruptibility of the humble body formed from clay in the first Adam, the protoplast.
Gli ossimori nelle Omelie sul Cantico dei Cantici e nella Vita di Mosè di Gregorio di Nissa
Authors: Curzel Chiara ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2012

The oxymoron, a figure of speech formed by the combination of antithetical terms, is used by Gregory of Nyssa as a linguistic means to express the ineffable divine mystery and the experience of man which incessantly turns toward it. A more accurate analysis of such expressions within some of his spiritual works, one that takes into account their history or originality, allows for an understanding of some nuances of his theology based on divine infinity and an appreciation of a use of language which by way of the very shattering of logic arrives at its maximal expressive capacity.
Le donne nel movimento donatista
Authors: Marone Paola ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2012

It has been tempting for many historians of fourth century North Africa to view the Donatist Church as a patriarchal movement. However Donatism exhibited varied contours during its period of ascendancy in north Africa, and the female presence often led to tension, even schism, within itself. The purpose of this article is to discuss the Donatist movement through a gender perspective and to explain the role of the women who lived between the Great Persecution and the Conference of Carthage (411). In particular, the article examines Lucilla and other women of the Donatist movement.
La discussione su «Cattolica-Cattolico» nelle tre sedute della Conlatio Carthaginensis del 411
Authors: Grossi Vittorino ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2012

The Conlatio Carthaginensis of 411, took place in three sessions. During the third session, the Donatist bishops requested that their Church be recognized as 'Catholic', in the sense of being Christian. Whereas Augustine argued that the present Catholic Church, wherever she is found, is that which is attested to by the divine scriptures (Gesta 3,20 and 74), the Donatists, through their spokesman Petilian, countered that theirs was the true Catholic Church, given their constancy in the true faith and catholic discipline (Gesta 3,22 and 27 and 75). Both episcopates remained tied to their respective positions; hence, the summary of the Donatist Gaudentius: «'Catholic' is not that which can referred to the whole, but that which is fully consecrated, perfect, immaculate, and, therefore, that which has nothing to do with nations» (Gesta 3,102).
The Development of Rome as Metropolitan of Suburbicarian Italy. Innocent I’s Letter to the Bruttians
Authors: Dunn Geoffrey D. ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2012

Innocent I (402-417) addressed Epistula 38 to two Bruttian bishops, Maximus and Severus, in response to a complaint from Maximilianus, an agens in rebus,that these southern Italian bishops had failed to take action against presbyters who fathered children contrary to the requirements of celibacy after ordination and claimed to be ignorant of any policy on this matter. Innocent reminded the two bishops that they needed to attend to their duties. This letter is among the earliest evidence for how the Roman bishop operated in practice as metropolitan of Suburbicarian (and possibly Annonarian) Italy and so this article examines the growth of Rome’s metropolitan authority and concludes from an examination of both context and content of the letter that Innocent did not refer to any formal authority,which grew over time but seems to have been limited to presiding over synods, approving the election and ordination of new bishops, and hearing appeals from deposed bishops outside his province, but was exercising a practical authority as the leading bishop of the area, which he expressed in surprised tones, to direct them to do their duty.
Qualche novità sulla dottrina origeniana del Logos
Authors: Simonetti Manlio ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2012

The Author, taking account of the deficiencies of the surviving documentation on the doctrinal thought of the 2nd and 3rd centuries, and considering the primacy of oral communication, nevertheless rejects the conclusion of a recent article on Origen’s doctrine of the Logos. There are no concrete data in the work of the Alexandrian theologian to support the hypothesis that he engaged in controversy with radical supporters of the doctrine of the Logos, who – as Arians ante litteram – separated the Son from the divinity of the Father. Moreover, one cannot ascribe to Origen’s age the debate against those who supported the Son as being homoousios with the Father. According to extant documentation, this question is not raised before the dispute of the two Dionysiuses. In order to attempt reconstruction of the theological reasoning in the early Church, while at the same time avoiding hypotheses which, however intriguing they may seem, are simplynot well-founded, analysis must confine itself to the extant documents.
Origen and Basil of Caesarea on the Liar Paradox
Authors: DelCogliano Mark ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2012

Both Origen and Basil of Caesarea report that some people saw Ps. 115,2 LXX – “ I said in my alarm, ' Every human being is a liar ' ” -- as an expression of the Liar Paradox and formulated a version of the paradox based upon it. But Ps. 115,2 is actually not susceptible to the Liar paradox, despite Origen and Basil believing it to be so. Not realizing this, both sought to undermine the possibility that Ps. 115,2 did express the Liar paradox by offering a contextual exegesis, in which they argue that the speaker of the verse, David, can be considered a god, not a human being.
The Reordering of Relationships in John Chrysostom's « De sacerdotio »
Authors: Hofer Andrew ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2012

John Chrysostom’s De sacerdotio offers a reordering of social relationships that can be seen in comparison with the life and writings of Gregory of Nazianzus.Chrysostom understands that the priest’s relationship with Christ carries the priest above the laws of relationship governing earthly society, such as in friendship and family. By emphasizing the priesthood’s transcendent character even further than what Gregory had done, Chrysostom frees the priest from the pressures of constricting social laws so that the priest may live according to Christ alone. Chrysostom’s dialogue thus prepares us to encounter his own ministry, known by both admirers and detractors for flagrant disregard of elite society’s expectations.
Las Referencias a Homero en las obras de Tertuliano
Authors: Montero Roberto López ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2012

This article collects quotes on Homer made by Tertullian throughout his works. The textual analysis aims to explain the reasons for these references and thus to disclose their theological value. Moreover, this study will offer an insight into Tertullian’s understanding of and access to Homer. The article therefore offers a new perspective that confirms Tertullian’s highly noteworthy theological, philosophical and literary background.
Un passage de Méthode d’Olympe parmi des extraits agricoles
Authors: Guignard Christophe ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2012

The Vaticanus gr. 573 (14th/15th c.) contains some extracts of the Geoponica with a few lines added to the last one. This supplementary material deals withthe properties of the willow against sexual desire and fertility, and invokes the testimony of the Holy Scripture in support of this conception. Its source can be identified as a passage of Methodius of Olympus’s Symposium, that reuses in the exegesis of Ps. 136 (137) the old Greek idea of the willow as "destroyer of its own fruit" (Hom., od. 10, 510).
Coordination, incitation et création de connaissance
Authors: Cohendet Patrick , Gaffard Jean-Luc
Published: October 2012

La théorie comme la pratique des affaires ont semblé obéir à deux croyances : les marchés devraient être flexibles et les entreprises devaient chercher à optimiser la performance individuelle de leurs employés. Ces croyances reposent sur l’idée que, pour faire face à une information qui est inégalement distribuée, peut être cachée ou manipulée, il suffit de concevoir des incitations individuelles appropriées. La création de connaissance requiert au contraire la mise en oeuvre de réseaux sociaux, entre entreprises comme dans l’entreprise, dédiés à coordonner les investissements concurrents comme complémentaires dans un monde caractérisé par l’irréversibilité et l’incertitude.
Changement technologique et transfert de compétences : une réflexion à partir du cas des équipages de transport de l’armée de l’air
Authors: Barbaroux Pierre , Godé Cécile
Published: October 2012

Cet article explore la contribution des processus de transfert des compétences en matière de gestion du changement technologique. A partir d’une étude de cas portant sur des équipages d’avions de transport tactique de l’armée de l’air, l’article démontre que le transfert des compétences offre à l’organisation des ressources utiles permettant de gérer un changement technologique majeur. L’article montre également que la culture organisationnelle ne vient pas seulement faciliter ou limiter le transfert des compétences : elle constitue un actif intangible dont le transfert s’avère critique du point de vue du maintien, voire de l’extension, des capacités opérationnelles de l’organisation.
Crowdsourcing d’activités inventives et frontières des organisations1
Authors: Pénin Julien , Burger-Helmchen Thierry
Published: October 2012

Le crowdsourcing d’activités inventives (CAI) consiste à externaliser à une foule des activités de recherche, des tâches complexes ou créatives. Plusieurs exemples récents ont mis en avant les avantages de ce type de pratique, aussi bien pour réduire les coûts du processus d’innovation que pour améliorer ses résultats. Dans ce travail, nous étudions l’impact organisationnel du CAI en mobilisant les théories sur les frontières des organisations. La littérature identifie quatre frontières différentes : frontière d’efficience, d’influence, de compétence et d’identité. L’analyse en termes de frontière des organisations nous permet notamment de mettre en avant certaines limites du recours au CAI et d’élaborer des prédictions théoriques sur les conditions d’émergence et d’utilisation du CAI.
Code Switching
Authors: Deuchar Margaret
Published: October 2012

Code switching (CS) is an activity which may be observed in the speech (or writing) of bilinguals who go back and forth between their two languages in the same conversation. Please note thatSpanishwords are underlined, English words are shown in normal style, andWelshwords are shown in bold. Key to glosses: PL = plural, SG = singular, M = masculine, PRON = pronoun, DET = determiner, PRT = particle, NEG = negative/negative particle, DEM = demonstrative, DAT = dative, ACC = accusative, INF = nonfinite, PRES = present, IMP = imperfect tense, FUT = future tense, 1SG/1PL = 1st person singular/ plural, 2SG/PL = 2nd person singular/plural, and 3SG/3PL = 3rd person singular/plural. Examples (1)–(6) illustrate code switching from recorded conversations between Spanish‐English, Welsh‐English, and Welsh‐Spanish bilinguals. The data were collected as part of the research program of the ESRC Centre for Research on Bilingualism (www.bilingualism.bangor.ac.uk) and with funding from the AHRC for a grant awarded to the author for a project on “Code switching and convergence in Welsh: A universal versus a typological approach” (for the Welsh‐English data seehttp://talkbank.org/data/BilingBank/Bangor).
Overt cleft palate phenotype andTBX1genotype correlations in velo‐cardio‐facial/DiGeorge/22q11.2 deletion syndrome patients
Authors: Herman Sean B. , Guo Tingwei , McGinn Donna M. McDonald , Blonska Anna , Shanske Alan L. , Bassett Anne S. , Chow Eva W.C. , Bowser Mark , Sheridan Molly , Beemer Frits , Devriendt Koen , Swillen Ann , Breckpot Jeroen , Digilio M. Cristina , Marino Bruno , Dallapiccola Bruno , Carpenter Courtney , Zheng Xin , Johnson Jacob , Chung Jonathan , Higgins Anne Marie , Philip Nicole , Simon Tony , Coleman Karlene , Heine‐Suner Damian , Rosell Jordi , Kates Wendy , Devoto Marcella , Zackai Elaine , Wang Tao , Shprintzen Robert , Emanuel Beverly S. , Morrow Bernice E. ,   and the International Chromosome 22q11.2 Consortium
Published: October 2012

Velo‐cardio‐facial syndrome/DiGeorge syndrome, also known as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is the most common microdeletion syndrome, with an estimated incidence of 1/2,000–1/4,000 live births. Approximately 9–11% of patients with this disorder have an overt cleft palate (CP), but the genetic factors responsible for CP in the 22q11DS subset are unknown. TheTBX1gene, a member of the T‐box transcription factor gene family, lies within the 22q11.2 region that is hemizygous in patients with 22q11DS. Inactivation of one allele ofTbx1in the mouse does not result in CP, but inactivation of both alleles does. Based on these data, we hypothesized that DNA variants in the remaining allele ofTBX1may confer risk to CP in patients with 22q11DS. To test the hypothesis, we evaluatedTBX1exon sequencing (n = 360) and genotyping data (n = 737) with respect to presence (n = 54) or absence (n = 683) of CP in patients with 22q11DS. Two upstream SNPs (rs4819835 and rs5748410) showed individual evidence for association but they were not significant after correction for multiple testing. Associations were not identified between DNA variants and haplotypes in 22q11DS patients with CP. Overall, this study indicates that common DNA variants inTBX1may be nominally causative for CP in patients with 22q11DS. This raises the possibility that genes elsewhere on the remaining allele of 22q11.2 or in the genome could be relevant. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A homozygous balanced reciprocal translocation suggests LINC00237 as a candidate gene for MOMO (macrosomia, obesity, macrocephaly, and ocular abnormalities) syndrome
Authors: Vu Phi Yen , Toutain Jérôme , Cappellen David , Delrue Marie‐Ange , Daoud Hussein , Moneim Azza Abd El , Barat Pascal , Montaubin Orianne , Bonnet Françoise , Dai Zong Qi , Philippe Christophe , Tran Cong Toai , Rooryck Caroline , Arveiler Benoît , Saura Robert , Briault Sylvain , Lacombe Didier , Taine Laurence
Published: October 2012

Macrosomia, obesity, macrocephaly, and ocular abnormalities syndrome (MOMO syndrome) has been reported in only four patients to date. In these sporadic cases, no chromosomal or molecular abnormality has been identified thus far. Here, we report on the clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular findings in a child of healthy consanguineous parents suffering from MOMO syndrome. Conventional karyotyping revealed an inherited homozygous balanced reciprocal translocation (16;20)(q21;p11.2). Uniparental disomy testing showed bi‐parental inheritance for both derivative chromosomes 16 and 20. The patient's oligonucleotide array‐comparative genomic hybridization profile revealed no abnormality. From the homozygous balanced reciprocal translocation (16;20)(q21;p11.2), a positional cloning strategy, designed to narrow 16q21 and 20p11.2 breakpoints, revealed the disruption of a novel gene located at 20p11.23. This gene is now named LINC00237, according to the HUGO (Human Genome Organization) nomenclature. The gene apparently leads to the production of a non‐coding RNA. We established that LINC00237 was expressed in lymphocytes of control individuals while normal transcripts were absent in lymphocytes of our MOMO patient. LINC00237 was not ubiquitously expressed in control tissues, but it was notably highly expressed in the brain. Our results suggested autosomal recessive inheritance of MOMO syndrome. LINC00237 could play a role in the pathogenesis of this syndrome and could provide new insights into hyperphagia‐related obesity and intellectual disability. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Von Minergie‐A zu Nullenergiegebäuden
Authors: Hall Monika
Published: October 2012

Minergie‐A ist ein Gebäudestandard für Ein‐ und Mehrfamilienhäuser mit einer Nullwärmebilanz für Heizung, Kühlung, Warmwasser, Lüftung und Hilfsbetriebe und einer separaten Anforderung an die Graue Energie. Die Auswertung der ersten 39 Gebäude zeigt, dass eine breite Palette an Möglichkeiten besteht, die Anforderungen zu erfüllen. Eine Mehrzahl der Gebäude weist jedoch eine sehr gute Gebäudehülle auf. Hinzu kommen sehr unterschiedliche Konzepte der Gebäudetechnik. Der Unterschied zwischen dem Minergie‐A‐Standard und dem in diesem Beitrag als “Nullenergiegebäude“ bezeichneten Gebäudetyp liegt in der Berücksichtigung des Haushaltsstroms. Bei der energetischen Gesamtbilanzierung von Betriebsenergie und Grauen Energie hat der Haushaltstrom eine große Bedeutung. Werden die Netto‐Bilanzen bei der Life Cycle Energy Analyse betrachtet, weist das Nullenergiegebäude einen niedrigeren Wert auf als Minergie‐A‐Gebäude. Dem gegenüber belasten Minergie‐A‐Gebäude das Elektrizitätsnetz weniger als Nullenergiegebäude. Der Minergie‐A‐Standard erlaubt es, Erfahrungen mit einem Nullenergiestandard zu sammeln. Seit der Lancierung im März 2011 wurden rund 180 Minergie‐A‐Anträge gestellt. Diese hohe Zahl beweist, dass der Standard von den Planern sehr positiv angenommen wird. Das Feedback für die Nullwärmebilanz und die Anforderung an die Graue Energie sind positiv. Ein Minergie‐A‐Zertifikat für Verwaltungsbauten ist in der Entwicklung.

From Minergie‐A towards net zero energy buildings. Minergie‐A prescribes an annual net zero primary energy balance for heating, cooling, domestic hot water and ventilation. Additionally, Minergie‐A is the first standard worldwide which includes a requirement in regard to embodied energy. The analysis of 39 Minergie‐A buildings shows that a wide range of different energy concepts and embodied energy strategies are possible in the scope of the label. The basis of all Minergie‐A buildings is a well‐insulated building envelope, however. Including the electricity for appliances and lighting in the net zero energy balance, the step from Minergie‐A to a net zero energy building (Net ZEB) is done. Appliances and lighting increase the total energy demand. It is shown that the net zero energy balance during the operational phase of Net ZEBs clearly outweighs the increased embodied energy for additional materials in a life cycle energy analysis. Otherwise the grid interaction is lower for Minergie‐A than for Net ZEBs. Since March 2011 approx. 180 motions arrived for Minergie‐A. Architects and designers welcome the requirements in regard to the net zero balance and embodied energy. Minergie‐A for office buildings is under development.
A cytochrome C electron transfer switch modulated by heme ligation and isomerization of a peptidyl‐prolyl bond
Authors: Bandi Swati , Bowler Bruce E.
Published: October 2012

Intermolecular electron transfer (ET) between hexaamineruthenium(II), a6Ru2+, and a K73H/K79A variant of iso‐1‐cytochrome c, iso‐1‐Cytc, is used to study conformational ET switches mediated by His73‐heme ligation and cis to trans isomerization of the Ile75‐Pro76 peptidyl‐prolyl bond of iso‐1‐Cytc. The biomolecular rate constant for ET to the native state of K73H/K79A iso‐1‐Cytc is ∼270 mM−1 s−1 near neutral pH. The unimolecular conformational ET switches due to His73‐heme ligation and the Ile75‐Pro76 peptidyl‐prolyl bond gate ET at rate constants of 5 to 10 s−1 and 0.05 to 0.06 s−1. Thus, at 1 mM a6Ru2+, these conformational ET switches slow electron transfer by about 50‐ and 5000‐fold, respectively. The conformational ET switches are populated between pH 5 and 7, providing a means of modulating ET in this redox protein over several orders of magnitude by simply changing pH. The conformationally‐gated ET measurements are analyzed in the context of previous pH jump measurements on the His73‐heme alkaline transition of K73H/K79A iso‐1‐Cytc. The ability to obtain microscopic rate constants with conformationally‐gated ET measurements has allowed more precise determination of the pKas of the three ionizable groups that mediate population of the His73‐heme ET switch. We have also been able to show that the ionizable group with a pKa near 9 stabilizes the His73‐heme conformer relative to the native state of iso‐1‐Cytc and that contrary to the conclusions from our pH jump studies, this ionization does not strongly affect the rate of the Ile75‐Pro76 peptidyl‐prolyl isomerization. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 100: 114–124, 2013.
Systematic review of the efficacy of cilostazol, naftidrofuryl oxalate and pentoxifylline for the treatment of intermittent claudication
Authors: Stevens J W , Simpson E , Harnan S , Squires H , Meng Y , Thomas S , Michaels J , Stansby G
Published: October 2012

Background

A systematic review and network meta-analysis was undertaken to consider the evidence for the efficacy and tolerability of placebo, cilostazol, naftidrofuryl oxalate and pentoxifylline in patients with intermittent claudication due to peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Conference Proceedings, BIOSIS, National Research Register and MetaRegister databases were searched. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and published systematic reviews of patients with intermittent claudication due to PAD and whose symptoms persisted despite a period of conservative management. Study selection was conducted by one reviewer with involvement from a clinician. Data were extracted by one reviewer with no blinding to authors or journal, and checked by a second reviewer. Outcome measures were maximum walking distance (MWD) and pain-free walking distance (PFWD).

Results

The review identified 1876 citations; 26 RCTs met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Eleven trials provided data relevant for the meta-analysis. Naftidrofuryl oxalate was ranked first for both MWD and PFWD (probability of 0·947 and 0·987, respectively, of being the best treatment) followed by cilostazol and pentoxifylline. For naftidrofuryl oxalate, cilostazol and pentoxifylline, MWD increased by 60 (95 per cent credible interval 20 to 114) per cent, 25 (11 to 40) per cent and 11 (−1 to 24) per cent respectively relative to placebo, and PFWD increased by 49, 13 and 9 per cent.

Conclusion

Naftidrofuryl oxalate and cilostazol are both effective treatments for claudication; naftidrofuryl oxalate is likely to be the most effective, with minimal serious adverse events.
Meta-analysis of laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy for patients with liver cirrhosis and symptomatic cholecystolithiasis
Authors: de Goede B , Klitsie P J , Hagen S M , van Kempen B J H , Spronk S , Metselaar H J , Lange J F , Kazemier G
Published: October 2012

Background

Open cholecystectomy (OC) is often preferred over laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension, but evidence is lacking to support this practice. This meta-analysis aimed to clarify which surgical technique is preferable for symptomatic cholecystolithiasis in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Methods

A meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Articles published between January 1990 and October 2011 were identified from MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing outcomes of OC versus LC for cholecystolithiasis in patients with liver cirrhosis were included. The quality of the RCTs was assessed using the Jadad criteria.

Results

Following review of 1422 papers by title and abstract, a meta-analysis was conducted of four RCTs comprising 234 surgical patients. They provided evidence of at least level 2b on the Oxford Level of Evidence Scale, but scored poorly according to the Jadad criteria. Some 97·0 per cent of the patients had Child–Turcotte–Pugh (CTP) grade A or B liver cirrhosis. In all, 96·6 per cent underwent elective surgery. No postoperative deaths were reported. LC was associated with fewer postoperative complications (risk ratio 0·52, 95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0·29 to 0·92; P = 0·03), a shorter hospital stay (mean difference − 3·05 (95 per cent c.i. − 4·09 to − 2·01) days; P < 0·001) and quicker resumption of a normal diet (mean difference − 27·48 (−30·96 to − 23·99) h; P < 0·001).

Conclusion

Patients with CTP grade A or B liver cirrhosis who undergo LC for symptomatic cholecystolithiasis have fewer overall postoperative complications, a shorter hospital stay and resume a normal diet more quickly than those who undergo OC.
Coronary venous retroperfusion of arterial blood for the treatment of acute myocardial ischemia
Authors: Barnett J. Craig , Freedman Robert J. , Touchon Robert C. , Mesner Mark R.
Published: October 2012

Synchronized coronary venous retroperfusion of autologous arterial blood was offered to patients referred for medically refractory unstable angina or evolving myocardial infarction with contraindications to thrombolytic therapy. Primary endpoints of angina, ST segment deviation, and two‐dimensional echocardiographic systolic wall motion were followed to determine the efficacy of retroperfusion in patients prior to and then during angioplasty, surgical intervention, or pharmacological management, as the clinical picture warranted.

Over a 12 month period, 21 patients were referred and 15 received retroperfusion. All experienced full relief of angina (p = 0·008). ST segment deviations and systolic wall motion of ischemic zones were observed to improve (p = 0·06 ST changes; p = 0·0001 wall motion changes) with synchronized retrograde perfusion. During attempts to remove patients from retroperfusion, statistically significant (p < 0·01) reproducible changes in these same endpoints were documented.

Retroperfusion appears to improve acute myocardial ischemia. This technique functions well in the intensive care unit environment with only fluoroscopy as technical imaging support.
Tracker tricks: Applications of a novel infusion catheter in coronary intervention
Authors: Violaris A.G. , Tsikaderis D.
Published: October 2012

The “Tracker” is a highly trackable and readily exchangeable catheter which can be used to facilitate coronary angioplasty in situations where the guide wire is unable to cross the lesion and is buckling under pressure. In addition it is also useful in assessing the severity of borderline coronary artery stenoses and for local infusion therapy.
Rupture and entrapment of a balloon catheter in the left anterior descending artery: Fluoroscopic appearance of impending balloon failure
Authors: Kussmaul William G. , Marzo Kevin , Tomaszewski John , Disesa Verdi J.
Published: October 2012

Rupture of an angioplasty balloon in an undilated left anterior descending coronary stenosis resulted in entrapment of the balloon requiring surgical removal. The balloon was found to have a circumferential tear. The fluoroscopic appearance of impending balloon rupture is demonstrated. It is suggested that when faced with an unyielding stenosis, inflation pressure sufficient to cause impending balloon failure should be avoided.
New technique for right heart catheterization using a mullins' sheath
Authors: Pérez J.C. Tascón , Jiménez J.F. Delgado , Pajuelo C. Gomez , Gonzalez A. Albarran , Verdugo A. , Kabbani Zuheir , Dussac J. Andreu
Published: October 2012

A new technique for right heart catheterization using a Muilins' sheath is described. This device allows a Swan‐Ganz catheter to reach pulmonary artery position easily and permits simultaneous pressure recordings in right heart chambers, thus avoiding a double venous puncture and two catheters.

This new technique, its indications, and our experience in 29 patients are described. It is most useful in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension and in those conditions in which accurate right heart pressure measurements are needed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Growth, Crystal Structure and Optical Properties of BaBiBO4.
Authors: Dong Xiaoyu , Pan Shilie , Li Feng , Shi Yunjing , Zhou Zhongxiang , Zhao Wenwu , Huang Zhenjun
Published: October 2012

A single crystal of BaBiBO4 (about 18 x 10 x 5 mm3) is prepared by the top‐seeded solution growth method from an equimolar mixture of Ba(NO3)2, Bi2O3, and H3BO3 (600 °C, 10 h) and characterized by XRD and UV/VIS/IR transmittance spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Optical Properties of Monodisperse BaLnF5 (Ln: La—Lu, Y) Nanocrystals.
Authors: Lei Lei , Chen Daqin , Huang Feng , Yu Yunlong , Wang Yuansheng
Published: October 2012

The title nanocrystals are solvothermally synthesized from mixtures of Ln(NO3)3 (Ln: La—Lu, Y), Ba(NO3)2, NH4F, NaOH, EtOH, oleic acid, and H2O (autoclave, 180 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Thermoelectric Properties of Bi2Te3, Sb2Te3 and Bi2Se3 Single Crystals with Magnetic Impurities.
Authors: Kulbachinskii V. A. , Kytin V. G. , Kudryashov A. A. , Tarasov P. M.
Published: October 2012

The thermoelectric properties of single crystals of Fe‐ or Cr‐doped p‐Bi2Te3, Sb2Te3, and n‐Bi2Se3 are characterized by Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and heat conductivity measurements between 7 and 300 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Spherical Li4Ti5O12 Synthesized by Spray Drying from a Different Kind of Solution.
Authors: He Zhenjiang , Wang Zhixing , Wu Feixiang , Guo Huajun , Li Xinhai , Xiong Xunhui
Published: October 2012

Spherical Li4Ti5O12 anode powders are prepared by spray drying of lithium titanium peroxide solutions (obtained from aqueous solutions of Ti(OBu)4, H2O2, NH3, and LiOH) followed by calcination in air (700 °C, 16 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Ni(OH)1.4(SO4)0.3 Nanoribbons and Their Photocatalytic Properties.
Authors: Zhou Hai , Lv Baoliang , Wu Dong , Sun Yuhan
Published: October 2012

The title nanoribbons are hydrothermally synthesized in the presence of SCN‐ anions by dissolving NaSCN, Ni(NO3)2, and NaOH in water under ultrasonic radiation followed by heating (autoclave, 220 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structural and Magnetic Studies of the Double Perovskites Ba2CeMO6 (M: Ta, Nb).
Authors: Kennedy Brendan J. , et al. et al.
Published: October 2012

The Ce3+ containing title compounds are prepared by solid state reactions under weakly reducing conditions using stoichiometric mixtures of BaCO3, CeO2, and Nb2O5 or Ta2O5 (3.5% H2/N2 gas flow, 1425 °C, 20 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Grob Fragmentation of 2‐Azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐7‐ene: Tool for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Piperidines.
Authors: Lemonnier Gerald , Charette Andre B.
Published: October 2012

The Grob fragmentation of bicycles (I) or (XVIII) provides highly reactive dihydropyridinium intermediates which react with a variety of organocuprates or other soft nucleophiles in a regio‐ and stereoselective manner to give 2,3,4‐trisubstituted 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyridines.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Step One‐Pot Synthesis of Imidazo[2,1‐b]chalcogenazoles via Intramolecular Cyclization of N‐Alkynylimidazoles.
Authors: Roehrs Juliano Alex , Pistoia Renan P. , Back Davi F. , Zeni Gilson
Published: October 2012

The generality of the reaction is established with various substituted N‐alkynylimidazoles as well as elemental chalcogens.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Phosphine—Phosphoramidite Ligands for Highly Efficient Ir‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Sterically Hindered N‐Arylimines.
Authors: Hou Chuan‐Jin , Wang Ya‐Hui , Zheng Zhuo , Xu Jie , Hu Xiang‐Ping
Published: October 2012

The new phosphoramidite efficiently promotes the Ir‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of a number of sterically hindered N‐arylimines.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzylation of Nitroalkanes Using Copper‐Catalyzed Thermal Redox Catalysis: Toward the Facile C‐Alkylation of Nitroalkanes.
Authors: Gildner Peter G. , Gietter Amber A. S. , Cui Di , Watson Donald A.
Published: October 2012

The in situ generated Cu(I) catalyst is highly effective for C‐benzylation of nitroalkanes via reduction of the benzyl bromides to the corresponding radicals.