bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Under (back) pressure: Better collateral flow may facilitate clot removal in ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Seymour Trey , Kobeissi Hassan , Ghozy Sherief , Gupta Rishabh , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Kallmes David F
Published: March 2023

Background

Collateral status may facilitate clot removal and affect rates of successful reperfusion following endovascular therapy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods

Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature review of the English language literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. Papers which focused on collateral status and patients treated with EVT for AIS were included in our analysis. Outcomes of interest included collateral score grading, rates of successful reperfusion defined as thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) score 2b-3 and onset to revascularization time. We calculated pooled odds ratio (OR) or mean difference (MD) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) based on collateral status.

Results

16 studies, with 6073 patients, were included in our analysis. Among the included studies, there were six different collateral grading scales, which were dichotomized into “good to moderate” and “poor” collaterals. Odds of successful reperfusion were significantly higher among patients with good to moderate collateral circulation compared to those with poor collaterals (OR =  1.61; 95% CI = 1.24 to 2.09; P-value < 0.001); however, there was heterogeneity among included studies (I2 = 5 4%; P-value = 0.008). Onset to revascularization time was comparable between patients with good to moderate collateral circulation compared to those with poor collaterals (MD = 3.91 min; 95% CI = −8.71 to 16.53; P-value = 0.544); however, there was heterogeneity among included studies (I2= 60%; P-value = 0.014).

Conclusions

The presence of good collaterals may increase the odds of achieving successful reperfusion following EVT for AIS. Improved collateral flow was associated with improved angiographic outcomes, although future work is needed to determine if a causal relationship exists.
Analysis on the startup characteristics of CO2 dry gas seal based on the F-K slip flow model at high pressure
Authors: Deng Qiangguo , Song Pengyun , Xu Hengjie , Mao Wenyuan , Sun Xuejian
Published: March 2023

The gas film of the carbon dioxide (CO2) spiral groove dry gas seal (S-DGS) is less than 3 μm during the startup process, and its opening stability is directly related to the operating performance of S-DGS. The finite difference method is employed to solve numerically the pressure distribution of S-DGS considering the slip flow and the real gas effect. The influence of both effects on the startup characteristics of S-DGS is discussed at different structural parameters. The results show that the slip flow effect inhibits the opening ability of CO2 S-DGS, whereas the real gas effect enhances its opening ability. Within the range of working conditions investigated, the seal processes a lowest startup rotational speed when the spiral angle is 7.5°, and the highest gas film stiffness occurs at small spiral angle when the film thickness is 0.6 μm. However, the relationship between groove number and gas film stiffness is complex which relates to the balance film thickness of the startup process. A higher opening ability can also be achieved by reasonably increasing the balance coefficient.
Fostering resilience in young people with intellectual disabilities using a ‘settings’ approach
Authors: Whitelaw Sandy , Bell Anthony , Mackay Ailsa , Hall Heather
Published: March 2023

The need to foster resilience amongst young people with intellectual disabilities is increasingly recognised within policy. Critically, understanding of the actual means by which this aspiration might be most sensitively and effectively met is considered weak. This paper reports on an exploratory case-study of a social enterprise community café – The Usual Place - that through the promotion of employability, seeks to promote resilience amongst its young ‘trainees’ with intellectual disabilities. Two research questions were set: “ how is ‘resilience’ conceptualized within the organisation” and “ what features within the organisation are significant in fostering resilience”? We identify a range of significant features associated with being able to successfully foster resilience – the need for a foundational ‘whole organisation’(settings) approach based on high levels of participation and choice; the negotiation of a constructive dynamic tension between ‘support’ and ‘exposure’; and the embedding of these actions in embodied actions and day-to-day organisational activities.
Transnational soap operas and viewing practices in the digital age: The Greek fandom of Turkish dramas
Authors: Larochelle Dimitra Laurence
Published: March 2023

The viewing of Turkish soap operas in Greece is a stigmatized activity not only for reasons intrinsically related to the nature of soap operas per se, but also for reasons related to the historical past and the traditionally troubled diplomatic relationship between the two countries. Based on the data gathered during an audience ethnography, the author analyzes the use of Information and Communication Technologies made by the fans of these transnational soap operas. Online fan communities function as havens for their members as, in these communities, the norms which are dominant within the Greek society are not rigidly adhered to, stigmatized viewing preferences are endorsed by like-minded individuals and prevalent ideologies can be challenged without fear of criticism in a sympathetic, nonprejudiced environment.
Ethics principles for social and behavior change communication
Authors: Jacobson Tom , Lemire Garlic Nicole
Published: March 2023

The field of social and behavior change communication (SBCC) has a history reaching back to the period of decolonization following World War II. Since that period, much has been learned about theories and methods pertinent to this communication subfield. One topic that has received too little attention is the ethical dimension of SBCC. This paper considers the need for an SBCC code of ethics and justification for such a code. Amartya Sen's capabilities approach and Habermas's discourse ethics are reviewed as substantial contributions to such a justification. Habermas's U and D principles are selected as especially useful when the criteria for communicative action are considered, including criteria related to validity claims and general symmetry conditions. The paper argues that discourse ethics is the most suitable general ethical approach for SBCC, offering both a theoretical foundation for SBCC ethics and guidelines for practice in the field.
Management of acute aortic dissection in critical care
Authors: Flower Luke , Arrowsmith Joseph E , Bewley Jeremy , Cook Samantha , Cooper Graham , Flower Jake , Greco Renata , Sadeque Syed , Madhivathanan Pradeep R
Published: March 2023

Aortic dissections are associated with significant mortality and morbidity, with rapid treatment paramount. They are caused by a tear in the intimal lining of the aorta that extends into the media of the wall. Blood flow through this tear leads to the formation of a false passage bordered by the inner and outer layers of the media. Their diagnosis is challenging, with most deaths caused by aortic dissection diagnosed at post-mortem. Aortic dissections are classified by location and chronicity, with management strategies depending on the nature of the dissection. The Stanford method splits aortic dissections into type A and B, with type A dissections involving the ascending aorta. De Bakey classifies dissections into I, II or III depending on their origin and involvement and degree of extension. The key to diagnosis is early suspicion, appropriate imaging and rapid initiation of treatment. Treatment focuses on initial resuscitation, transfer (if possible and required) to a suitable specialist centre, strict blood pressure and heart rate control and potentially surgical intervention depending on the type and complexity of the dissection. Effective post-operative care is extremely important, with awareness of potential post-operative complications and a multi-disciplinary rehabilitation approach required. In this review article we will discuss the aetiology and classifications of aortic dissection, their diagnosis and treatment principles relevant to critical care. Critical care clinicians play a key part in all these steps, from diagnosis through to post-operative care, and thus a thorough understanding is vital.
Torsed extralobar pulmonary sequestration associated with congenital lobar emphysema: a rare entity
Authors: Wu Yuhao , Xi Linyun , Pan Zhengxia , Wu Chun , Li Hongbo
Published: March 2023

Pulmonary sequestration (PS) is a rare congenital malformation, which mainly contains two variants involving extralobar and intralobar sequestrations. Extralobar sequestrations (ELS) are isolated from the remaining lung tissue and have their visceral pleura. Herein, we report the first case of a torsed ELS associated with congenital lobar emphysema. We described a boy who mainly presented with abdominal and chest pain. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a mildly enhanced posterior mediastinal mass with left lower lobar emphysema. Thoracoscopic surgery identified a dark and hemorrhagic mass that was connected to the thoracic aorta by a twisted feeding vessel and had its visceral pleura. Pathological findings were consistent with an ELS that had undergone torsion and infarction. The postoperative recovery was uneventful. For the left lower lobar emphysema, he was required for a regular outpatient follow-up. In conclusion, although extremely rare, physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for torsed ELS when a posterior mediastinal mass with abdominal or chest pain is presented in children.
Comparison of IVIg and TPE efficacy in the treatment of neurological disorders: a systematic literature review
Authors: Pinto Ashwin A. , De Seze Jerome , Jacob Anu , Reddel Stephen , Yudina Anna , Tan Kevin
Published: March 2023

Background:

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) are among the main immunotherapies for neurological disorders. Their benefit is greatest in immune-mediated conditions, but their distinct efficacy cannot be simply explained.

Objectives:

This review aimed to systematically identify studies comparing the efficacy of TPE and IVIg treatments for selected autoimmune neurological disorders and identify optimal therapies for each condition.

Data Sources and Methods:

PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched for original publications from 1990 to 2021. Additional publications were identified via expert recommendations. Conference abstracts older than 2017, review articles and articles without information on TPE and IVIg comparison in title and abstract were excluded. Risks of bias were descriptively addressed, without a meta-analysis.

Results:

Forty-four studies were included on Guillain–Barré syndrome (20 studies – 12 adult, 5 paediatric, 3 all ages), myasthenia gravis (11 studies –8 adult, 3 paediatric), chronic immune–mediated polyradiculoneuropathy (3 studies –1 adult, 2 paediatric), encephalitis (1 study in adults), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (5 studies –2 adult, 3 all ages) and other conditions (4 studies – all ages). TPE and IVIg were mostly similarly efficacious, measured by clinical outcomes and disease severity scores. Some studies recommended IVIg as easy to administer. TPE procedures, however, have been simplified and the safety has been improved. TPE is currently recommended for management of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder relapses and some myasthenia gravis subtypes, in which rapid removal of autoantibodies is crucial.

Conclusion:

Despite some limitations (e.g. the low evidence levels), this review provides an extensive 30-year-long overview of treatments for various conditions. Both IVIg and TPE are usually comparably efficacious options for autoimmune neurological disorders, with few exceptions. Treatment choices should be patient-tailored and based on available clinical resources. Better designed studies are needed to provide higher-level quality of evidence regarding clinical efficacy of TPE and IVIg treatments.
Digital interactive app and students’ mathematics self-efficacy, anxiety, and achievement in the “new normal”
Authors: Mamolo Leo A , Sugano Shalom Grace C
Published: March 2023

The pandemic brought changes in the educational setup leading all learning institutions to rely on online learning. In instruction, using the e-learning method has increased due to the pandemic. This study investigated the effects of the Digital Interactive Math Comics (DIMaC) mobile App on students’ self-efficacy, anxiety, and achievement in General Mathematics. The study employed quasi-experimental research, specifically a one-group pre-posttest design. Two adapted questionnaires were employed in the study. Results revealed that students’ self-efficacy remained the same as “Moderate,” anxiety significantly decreased, and their achievement improved from “Satisfactory” to “Very Satisfactory” when utilizing the DIMaC App for 6 weeks. A negative correlation was observed between students’ mathematics self-efficacy and anxiety, while no significant association was found in the combination of the other variables. Results revealed that interactive instructional materials like the DIMaC app help students decrease their learning anxiety in the “New Normal” setup and improve learning gain. Learning materials that students manipulate and interact with significantly affect Mathematics Performance. Therefore, school stakeholders, especially the subject teachers, may develop interactive materials to aid students in the new setup in education.
Effectiveness of precooling with ethyl chloride versus honey in alleviating intra-oral injection pain in adult patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abbasi Hira , Saqib Muhammad , Maqsood Afsheen , Jouhar Rizwan , Lal Abhishek , Ahmed Naseer , Heboyan Artak
Published: March 2023

Objective:

The objective of the study was to assess and compare the effectiveness of precooling with ethyl chloride versus honey in alleviating the pain of dental injection.

Methods:

About 90 patients were recruited for this randomized controlled trial. In each of the following three groups, 30 patients were allocated: Group 1, precooling with ethyl chloride; Group 2, honey; and Group 3, control. The pain score of patients in each group was measured after injecting the dental local anesthesia using a visual analog scale. Paired t-test and multiple linear regression tests were used for statistical analysis. A p value of ⩽0.05 was considered to be as significant.

Results:

The mean pain scores of participants residing in different groups were as follows: Group 1: 2.83 ± 1.46, Group 2: 4.33 ± 1.62, and Group 3: 7.80. After administrating ethyl chloride, the majority of the 18 (60%) patients reported to suffer from “mild pain.” Furthermore, in patients who were given honey in Group 2, most of the 21 (70%) patients reported suffering from “moderate pain.” In Group 3 (control) where no anesthetic modality was used, the majority of the 25 (83.33%) patients experienced “severe pain.” A significant difference was noted among the pain scores of three groups ( p = 0.001).

Conclusion:

The administration of local anesthetic is part of almost all dental procedures. Precooling with ethyl chloride resulted in a greater reduction in pain scores than honey upon administration of local anesthesia injection.
Surgical Experience With Nine Cases of Obstructed Right Aortic Arch
Authors: Gray W. Hampton , Sorabella Robert A. , Padilla Luz A. , Cleveland David C. , Maxwell Kathryn S. , Dabal Robert J.
Published: March 2023

Background

Right-sided aortic arch obstruction is an extremely rare congenital anomaly. A variety of surgical approaches have been described. This study reviews our institutional experience over the last 30 years.

Methods

Our surgical database at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children's Hospital of Alabama from 1992 to 2022 was reviewed to include all patients who underwent surgical repair for right-sided aortic arch obstruction.

Results

A total of nine patients underwent surgical repair for right-sided aortic arch obstruction. Surgical approach was via thoracotomy (n = 2, 22%), sternotomy (n = 5, 56%), or combined (n = 2, 22%). Primary extended end-to-end anastomosis was utilized for patients with discrete coarctation (n = 1, 11%), reverse subclavian flap for coarctation with associated distal arch hypoplasia (n = 2, 22%), GORE-TEX® tube graft for circumflex aorta (n = 1, 11%), and aortic arch advancement (n = 5, 56%) with or without patch augmentation for those with an interrupted or severely hypoplastic aortic arch. Reintervention was required in one patient (11%) for recoarctation. All patients were discharged in good condition. There was no hospital mortality and at 10.5 years (mean) follow-up there was one late death.

Conclusion

Right aortic arch obstruction is a rare entity. Surgical approach should be tailored to the anatomy and associated intracardiac defects. Preoperative imaging with a CT angiogram is useful for operative planning. Sternotomy with single-stage primary repair is safe, effective, and our preferred surgical approach for patients with right aortic arch obstruction and associated intracardiac pathology.
The Resilience of Emerging Adults in a Stressed Industrialised Environment in Eswatini
Authors: Gama Nombuso , Theron Linda
Published: March 2023

Transitioning to adulthood can be stressful, particularly when young people live in challenging contexts. One such context is Eswatini, a low-income African country challenged by structural violence. Still, how Swazi emerging adults mitigate related challenges is unknown. To redress this knowledge gap, we report a qualitative study with 30 Swazi emerging adults (15 men; 15 women; 18-to-24-years) living in Matsapha, an industrial hub characterised by relentless physical, social, and financial stressors. Using reflexive thematic analysis, we found that a mix of resources (personal drive, enabling connections, a resourced ecology) co-supported resilience to stressors that emerging adults perceived as unavoidable. The detail of this resource-mix implies that emerging adult resilience is a developmentally and contextually responsive process. The findings also signpost that emerging adult resilience is a collaborative effort, one that requires an enabling physical and relational environment, and government commitment to co-facilitating that environment.
Mapping Psychosis Risk States Onto the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology Using Hierarchical Symptom Dimensions
Authors: Cowan Henry R. , Williams Trevor F. , Schiffman Jason , Ellman Lauren M. , Mittal Vijay A.
Published: March 2023

Clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) is a transdiagnostic risk state. However, it is unclear how risk states such as CHR fit within broad transdiagnostic models such as the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). In this study, a hierarchical dimensional symptom structure was defined by unfolding factor analysis of self-report data from 3,460 young adults (mean age = 20.3 years). A subsample ( n = 436) completed clinical interviews, 85 of whom met CHR criteria. Regression models examined relationships between symptom dimensions, CHR status, and clinician-rated symptoms. CHR status was best explained by a reality-distortion dimension, with contributions from internalizing dimensions. Positive and negative attenuated psychotic symptoms were best explained by multiple psychotic and nonpsychotic symptom dimensions, including reality distortion, distress, fear, detachment, and mania. Attenuated psychotic symptoms are a complex presenting problem warranting comprehensive assessment. HiTOP can provide both diagnostic precision and broad transdiagnostic coverage, making it a valuable resource for use with at-risk individuals.
Value-Creation Strategies for E-Commerce Businesses
Authors: Kuchi Sanchita , Gupta Sumeet
Published: March 2023

Startups dream of becoming unicorns, but only a few make it to the top in the e-commerce space. Where should they look for value creation? This study develops a value creation matrix of e-commerce startups based on the Teece model and Value configurations and validates the same on 96 Indian e-commerce startups. E-commerce startups can locate themselves on this matrix and take appropriate steps to create value. The article validates the prescriptions of the Teece model and Value configuration as applied by Afuah and Tucci (2003) in the e-commerce context. The matrix developed in this study will be a helpful aid for the practitioners. Firms could use it to analyze their current offerings and build a suitable investor pitch. Investors can use the matrix to analyze a firm’s strategies and positioning in the e-commerce space.
Paper 11: Clinical Outcomes and Return to Sport Following Patellofemoral Osteochondral Allograft with and Without Concomitant Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Avila Amanda , Shankar Dhruv , Kamdar Parth , Strauss Eric , Alaia Michael , Jazrawi Laith , Campbell Kirk
Published: March 2023

Objectives:

This study aimed to evaluate the rate of graft failure, return to sport (RTS), and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation in the patellofemoral (PF) joint with concomitant tibial tuberosity osteotomy (TTO) compared to those undergoing an isolated PF OCA transplantation.

Methods:

This is a retrospective review of patients who underwent PF OCA transplantation with or without TTO at a single institution. Patients with a primary patellar or trochlear lesion were included. Those undergoing revision OCA, medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPLFR), or who had a prior TTO were excluded. Graft failure was defined as cartilage procedure revision, chondroplasty, or conversion to joint replacement. Knee pain and functional outcomes were assessed with Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Joint Restoration (KOOS JR), and Tegner Activity Scale. Additionally, patients were asked about preoperative and postoperative sports activity to determine rate of RTS.

Results:

A total of 40 patients met inclusion criteria for the study; 35 were available for follow-up at an average of 31.6 ± 7.8 months. The cohort had 20 female (64%) and 15 male (36%) patients; the average age was 34 ± 8 years. Graft failure rates were 7.7% and 22.7% in the PF OCA + TTO and isolated PF OCA groups, respectively (p= 0.254). There were no significant differences in RTS between groups (p=0.668). Among patients who returned to sport at a lower level, those in the OCA + TTO group unanimously cited pain as the primary reason (100%), while most in the isolated OCA group cited fear of re-injury instead (66.7%). Patients who underwent concomitant OCA + TTO experienced reported lower KOOS scores (p=0.009). However, after adjusting for covariates, there was no significant association between TTO (p=0.86) and KOOS.

Conclusions:

In this study population, patients undergoing OCA with concomitant TTO were found to have comparable return to sport rates compared to patients who underwent an isolated OCA. Both cohorts showed improvements in pain levels and functional outcomes from baseline. However, patients undergoing combined OCA and TTO exhibited higher pain levels with activity and cited pain as the primary reason for return at a lower level of performance. These findings highlight the need for additional well-powered studies to further investigate clinical and functional outcomes following OCA and concomitant TTO to offload the PF compartment.
Paper 12: Elite Female Athletes Demonstrate Comparable Improvement in Midterm Patient Reported Outcome Scores and Rate of Return to Sport Compared to Elite Male Athletes After Hip Arthroscopy: A Sex-Based Comparison in Professional and Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Owens Jade , Jimenez Andrew , Lee Michael , Maldonado David , Lall Ajay , Domb Benjamin
Published: March 2023

Objectives:

(1) To report minimum 5-year patient reported outcome scores (PROs) and continuation of sport for elite female athletes undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) and (2) to compare clinical results with a matched control group of elite male athletes.

Methods:

Data on all consecutive elite female athletes who underwent primary hip arthroscopy performed by the senior author (X.X.X.) between March 2009 and March 2016 were collected. Patients were eligible if underwent hip arthroscopy for labral tears or FAI and participated at a collegiate or professional level within 1 year of surgery. Minimum 5-year PROs were collected for the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Nonarthritic Hip Score (NAHS), Hip Outcome Score-Sport Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS), visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. The rates of patients achieving minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) were also recorded. These athletes were propensity-matched to elite male athletes for comparison.

Results:

Sixty-five elite female athlete hips were included in the study. Elite female athletes had an average follow-up time of 67.6 ± 6.5 and age of 24.3 ± 6.8. When propensity-matched to a control group of elite male athletes, female athletes demonstrated lower preoperative PRO scores and comparable minimum 5-year post-op scores, improvement between preoperative and minimum 5-year scores, and continuation of sport rate.

Conclusions:

Elite female athletes undergoing primary hip arthroscopy for FAI demonstrated significant improvement in PROs and high rates of CTS which were similar to a propensity-matched group of elite male athletes. [Figure: see text][Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Paper 15: Is Asymmetry of the Medial and Lateral Posterior Femoral Condyles Associated with ACL Rupture: A Case Control Study of Pediatric Patients
Authors: Pascual-Leone Nicolas , Chipman Danielle , Gorelick Danielle , Fabricant Peter , Warren Russell , Mintz Douglas , Green Daniel
Published: March 2023

Objectives:

Rates of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in the pediatric population have increased in the last 20 years. While many risk factors have been investigated, to the authors knowledge no study has analyzed the difference in the posterior femoral condyles in patients who have sustained ACL rupture. Therefore, this case control study sought to understand the relationship between the medial and lateral posterior condyles, as well as examining distal femoral version. The authors hypothesized that pediatric patients who suffered ACL rupture will have a relatively larger medial posterior femoral condyle leading to increase structural valgus in flexion.

Methods:

Pediatric patients with a pre-operative knee MRI who underwent ACL reconstruction between February 2016 and June 2020 at a tertiary orthopedic hospital were collected. Cases were matched to controls based on sex, laterality of injury, and age at imaging within 1.5 years. Medial and lateral posterior condylar height was measured for each participant. Condylar difference was calculated as medial posterior condylar height minus lateral posterior condylar height. The distal femoral version was calculated as the angle between the femoral posterior cortical axis and the posterior condylar axis. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare continuous variables. Significance was set as a p≤0.05.

Results:

A total of 72 participants were included in this analysis - 36 cases and 36 controls. Median age was 13.5 ± 3.3 years for all participants. Condylar difference was noted to be 1.8 mm greater in cases than controls (p=0.038), while distal femoral version was noted to be 2.0° greater in cases than controls (p=0.025).

Conclusions:

This study demonstrated a significantly greater posterior condylar height difference and distal femoral version among pediatric patients who suffered ACL rupture compared to a matched control group. We speculate that this morphology leads to a relative increase in knee valgus in flexion. [Figure: see text][Table: see text][Figure: see text]
Paper 19: Evidence-Based Machine Learning Algorithm to Predict Failure Following Cartilage Preservation Procedures in the Knee
Authors: Gilat Ron , Gilat Ben , Patel Sumit , Wagner Kyle , Haunschild Eric , Tauro Tracy , Kaiser Joshua , Chahla Jorge , Yanke Adam , Cole Brian
Published: March 2023

Objectives:

To develop machine learning algorithms to predict failure of surgical procedures that address cartilage defects of the knee and detect the most valuable variables associated with failure.

Methods:

A single institution prospectively collected database of cartilage procedures was queried for procedures performed between 2000 and 2018. Failure was defined as revision cartilage surgery and/or knee arthroplasty. One hundred and one preoperative and intraoperative features were evaluated as potential predictors. The dataset was randomly divided into training (70%) and independent testing (30%) sets. Four machine learning algorithms were trained and internally validated. Algorithm performance was assessed using area under curve (AUC) and the Brier score. Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) was utilized to assess the optimized algorithm fidelity.

Results:

A total of 1091 patients who underwent surgical procedures addressing cartilage defects in the knee with a minimum of 2-years of follow-up were included. The mean follow-up was 3.5 ± 2.8 years. The mean age was 40.5 ± 15 years. There were 205 (18.8%) patients who failed at final follow-up. The Random Forest algorithm was found to be the best performing algorithm, with an AUC of 0.765 and a Brier score of 0.135. The 10 most important features for predicting failure following surgical procedures addressing cartilage defects of the knee were: symptom duration, age, body mass index (BMI), lesion grade, total lesion area (sum of all lesion areas), number of previous surgeries, number of lesions in the knee, gender, athletic level, and traumatic etiology. LIME analysis allowed for assessment of the optimized algorithm fidelity, as well as provided a patient-specific comparison for the risk of failure of an individual patient being assigned various types of cartilage procedures.

Conclusions:

Machine learning algorithms were accurate in predicting the risk of failure following cartilage procedures of the knee, with the most important features being symptom duration, age, BMI, lesion grade, and total lesion area. Machine learning algorithms may be used to compare the risk of failure of specific patient-procedure combinations in the treatment of cartilage defects of the knee. Integrated human and machine learning decision-making may improve patient selection and bring about the new era of patient-tailored evidence-based clinical care. [Table: see text][Table: see text][Figure: see text][Figure: see text]
Paper 21: All-Inside Soft Suture Anchor Meniscus Repair Devices vs. PEEK Anchor Devices: A Biomechanical Analysis
Authors: Scalisi Wayne , Solitro Giovanni , Massey Patrick , Barton Shane , Robinson James , Daily Drayton
Published: March 2023

Objectives:

To evaluate the load to failure and meniscus gapping of longitudinal meniscus repairs with Soft Suture Based all-inside devices and compare them to a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) anchored device and inside-out repair.

Methods:

After IRB review 12 human cadaver knees were dissected leaving only the tibia, the posterior capsule and the medial and lateral menisci with roots still attached to the tibia. This yielded 24 menisci total (12 medial, 12 lateral). Posterior horn longitudinal full thickness meniscus tears were simulated with a scapel and 5mm Mersiline tapes were used to load the repair site. Each knee was randomized to one of 4 meniscus repair groups: Fiberstitch, Juggerstitch, FAST-FIX 360(PEEK), and inside-out with Broadband tape meniscus needles. For each meniscus, 2 longitudinal repairs were performed. The specimens were tested with an Instron imposing 20 cycles between 10N and 30N then the tear gap was measured, followed by a distraction to failure phase after imposing a displacement at a rate of 0.5mm/sec.

Results:

There There were 6 menisci tested in each of the 4 groups. After low-load cyclical loading, the gaps measured were .63mm, 1.1mm, 1.7mm, and 1.2mm for the Juggerstitch, Fiberstitch, FAST-FIX 360, and Inside-out Groups respectively (see figure 2). The failure load was 352N, 301N, 167N, and 189N for the Juggerstitch, Fiberstitch, FAST-FIX 360, and Inside-out (see figure 3). There was less gap formation and higher load to failure for the Juggerstitch over the FAST-FIX 360 (p=.014 and p=.03, respectively). When comparing all other groups there was no significant difference between groups with respect to gapping or failure load.

Conclusions:

The Juggerstitch had less gapping at the repair site and a higher failure load than the FAST-FIX 360. The soft suture based All-Inside meniscus repair devices have gapping and failure load comparable or better than traditional repair devices.
What’s Race Got to Do With It? Disrupting Whiteness in Cultural Capital Research
Authors: Richards Bedelia Nicola , Ceron-Anaya Hugo , Dumais Susan A. , Mueller Jennifer C. , Sánchez-Connally Patricia , Wallace Derron
Published: March 2023

In this essay, we argue that Whiteness is intrinsic to Bourdieu’s concept of cultural capital, yet it remains unmarked within U.S.-based sociology of education research. As a result, these studies treat race as a tangential issue as opposed to a structure that is foundational to how society is organized and functions. We disrupt this unmarked relationship between Whiteness and cultural capital by (1) reviewing Bourdieu’s work on race, class, and cultural capital, and the application of these concepts in U.S.-based research; (2) examining the educational field as White institutional space and the concerning consequences of conflating cultural capital with Whiteness; (3) discussing the implications for a research framework embedded in a class-based master narrative; and (4) offering suggestions about how to disrupt Whiteness in cultural capital research, including emphasizing the racialized dimension of the habitus, taking an institutional approach and by taking a race-conscious approach to knowledge production in sociology.
Automated Macular Fluid Volume As a Treatment Indicator for Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Tsuboi Kotaro , You Qi Sheng , Guo Yukun , Wang Jie , Flaxel Christina J. , Bailey Steven T. , Huang David , Jia Yali , Hwang Thomas S.
Published: March 2023

Introduction: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of automatically quantified macular fluid volume (MFV) for treatment-required diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included eyes with DME. The commercial software on optical coherence tomography (OCT) produced the central subfield thickness (CST), and a custom deep-learning algorithm automatically segmented the fluid cysts and quantified the MFV from the volumetric scans of an OCT angiography system. Retina specialists treated patients per standard of care based on clinical and OCT findings without access to the MFV. The main outcome measures were the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), sensitivity, and specificity of the CST, MFV, and visual acuity (VA) for treatment indication. Results: Of 139 eyes, 39 (28%) were treated for DME during the study period and 101 (72%) were previously treated. The algorithm detected fluid in all eyes; however, only 54 eyes (39%) met the DRCR.net criteria for center-involved ME. The AUROC of MFV predicting a treatment decision of 0.81 was greater than that of CST (0.67) ( P = .0048). Untreated eyes that met the optimal threshold for treatment-required DME based on MFV (>0.031 mm3) had better VA than treated eyes ( P = .0053). A multivariate logistic regression model showed that MFV ( P = .0008) and VA ( P = .0061) were significantly associated with a treatment decision, but CST was not. Conclusions: MFV had a higher correlation with the need for treatment for DME than CST and may be especially useful for ongoing management of DME.
Low Research-Data Availability in Educational-Psychology Journals: No Indication of Effective Research-Data Policies
Authors: Huff Markus , Bongartz Elke C.
Published: March 2023

Research-data availability contributes to the transparency of the research process and the credibility of educational-psychology research and science in general. Recently, there have been many initiatives to increase the availability and quality of research data. Many research institutions have adopted research-data policies. This increased awareness might have raised the sharing of research data in empirical articles. To test this idea, we coded 1,242 publications from six educational-psychology journals and the psychological journal Cognition (as a baseline) published in 2018 and 2020. Research-data availability was low (3.85% compared with 62.74% in Cognition) but has increased from 0.32% (2018) to 7.16% (2020). However, neither the data-transparency level of the journal nor the existence of an official research-data policy on the level of the corresponding author’s institution was related to research-data availability. We discuss the consequences of these findings for institutional research-data-management processes.
Why the Cross-Lagged Panel Model Is Almost Never the Right Choice
Authors: Lucas Richard E.
Published: March 2023

The cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) is a widely used technique for examining reciprocal causal effects using longitudinal data. Critics of the CLPM have noted that by failing to account for certain person-level associations, estimates of these causal effects can be biased. Because of this, models that incorporate stable-trait components (e.g., the random-intercept CLPM) have become popular alternatives. Debates about the merits of the CLPM have continued, however, with some researchers arguing that the CLPM is more appropriate than modern alternatives for examining common psychological questions. In this article, I discuss the ways that these defenses of the CLPM fail to acknowledge well-known limitations of the model. I propose some possible sources of confusion regarding these models and provide alternative ways of thinking about the problems with the CLPM. I then show in simulated data that with realistic assumptions, the CLPM is very likely to find spurious cross-lagged effects when they do not exist and can sometimes underestimate these effects when they do exist.
Forced deportations and the Ukraine war: Russian culpability in atrocity crimes
Authors: Colvin Victoria , Orchard Phil
Published: March 2023

Since the war in Ukraine has begun, Russia has used population transfers as one of its tactics of war with over 3.6 million Ukrainian citizens now in Russia. These are acts that both Ukrainian authorities and other governments including the United States have claimed are forced deportations. This pattern reflects a longer history—the Soviet Union frequently used similar population transfers as forms of collective punishment against potentially rebellious populations, and the Russian government used similar tactics in both Chechnya and Syria. But in this case, we have better evidence of these movements as they occur. Forced deportations and transfers are defined both as war crimes—under the Fourth Geneva Convention and Additional Protocol II and Article 8 of the Rome Statute—and as crimes against humanity—under Article 7 of the Rome Statute. Therefore, as forced deportations constitute both war crimes and crimes against humanity, there are a number of mechanisms by which individual Russian perpetrators of these acts can be held accountable. These include, with the Ukrainian government’s acceptance of its jurisdiction, the International Criminal Court. But such accountability mechanisms also exist at the individual state level through universal jurisdiction and Magnitsky sanctions legislation.
Nutritional Assessment in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in the Bundelkhand Region (Uttar Pradesh), India
Authors: Yadav Sanjay Kumar , Verma Rajeev , Kumar Kanishka , Mishra Praveen Raman , Srivastavsa Deepak Chandra , Budhwani Priyanka
Published: March 2023

Introduction

This research aimed to assess the nutritional intake and anthropometry of patients presenting with CKD in a hospital clinic.

Methods

The study was carried out on 100 CKD patients who were on maintenance hemodialysis at Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India. The patient’s file was inspected to get the relevant anthropometric and biochemical data. The information was gathered using a pre-designed proforma.

Results

The study included 100 CKD patients with a mean age of 45.74 ± 14.93 years. Males outnumber females, with a male-to-female ratio of 6.69:1. The mean calorie and protein given to the CKD patients (according to body weight) are 1657.60 ± 240.179 and 71.75 ± 77.165, respectively. The mean weight, BMI, and MUAC of the CKD patient were 57.371±6.22, 21.56 ± 1.705, and 23.86 ± 1.709, respectively. After 3 months of nutritional assessment, the patient’s mean weight, BMI, and MUAC were increased. The mean cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL, VLDL, and RBS levels of the CKD patient were 163.90 ± 29.75, 139.76 ± 35.72, 49.46 ± 6.29, 28.488 ± 7.114, and 117.65 ± 21.46, respectively. After three months of the nutritional assessment, the patient’s mean cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL, and VLDL levels increased while RBS level decreased. The CKD patient’s mean S. creatinine and S. albumin levels were 9.97 ± 3.453 and 3.285 ± 0.531, respectively. After 3 months of nutritional assessment, the patient’s mean S. creatinine and S. albumin levels increased to 10.4231 ± 3.420 and 4.056 ± 5.6389, respectively.

Conclusion

The nutritional diet influences body weight, BMI, and biochemical indicators. Low energy and protein intake was reported; hence, educating patients, co-patients, and families about the essential foods that fulfill the recommended intake for CKD patients is required. Follow-up patients showed better nutritional knowledge as compared with baseline patients.
Advancing Diabetes Quality Measurement in the Era of Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Khan Maliha , Wahid Naila , Musser Taylor , Bergenstal Richard M. , Ebekozien Osagie , Snow Kenneth , Thomas Kate , Aprigliano Christel
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to develop a set of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-related measure concepts to be tested in a health care system. Existing measures assessing the quality of diabetes care do not include modern approaches to diabetes management, such as CGM. Continuous glucose monitors rival traditional methods of measuring diabetes management by providing real-time, longitudinal data and demonstrating glucose variability over time. The Improving Diabetes Quality Initiative seeks to address this gap in diabetes quality measurement.

Methods

A Technical Expert Panel (TEP) was convened to curate a diabetes quality measures portfolio and conceptualize three new CGM-related quality measures within the portfolio. From the additional measure concepts identified in the portfolio, the TEP prioritized three for conceptualization. High-level measure concept specifications were made available during a public comment period.

Results

The measure concepts prioritized by the TEP included a shared decision-making measure to assess the value of initiating CGM for disease management, a utilization measure to address disparities in access and use of CGM, and a patient-provider review of CGM data to promote routine consideration of these assessments in treatment and ongoing management. Clinical literature, public comments, and TEP feedback informed full measure specifications.

Conclusions

The evolution of diabetes technology reflects the need to shift diabetes quality of care. The measure concepts will be tested in a flexible pilot setting to understand the future of diabetes care and communicate the value of CGM to people with diabetes, providers, and payers.
Undergraduate paramedic student competency assessment: A grounded theory study explaining how assessors in Australia and New Zealand determine student competency to practice
Authors: Smith Anthony Clement , Andersen Patrea , Carey Michael
Published: March 2023

Purpose: With the transition of paramedic education from a vocational training platform to an academic environment, the absence of a standardised paramedic university curriculum has resulted in little congruity in assessment, including expectations regarding competency assessment. The application of differing standards in assessment processes in undergraduate paramedic programmes has raised questions regarding the competence of graduates. Aim: This research aimed to discover how paramedic assessors in academia and ambulance services determine the professional competence of undergraduate paramedic students within Australia and New Zealand. Methods and analysis: Glaserian Grounded Theory (GGT) was chosen as the methodology as it describes an experience or problem and provides a means of understanding what is happening in the area of interest. Twenty-two paramedic assessors participated in the enquiry. Theoretical sampling directed methods of data collection which included interviews and the use of literature and professional documents. In keeping with GT, constant comparative analysis was used to analyse data. Results: Three categories emerged from the analysis. These are engaging, measuring and moderating. Commonalities and interaction between these categories confirm the presence of the Basic Social Process ‘aligning’ and associated concepts and properties inherent in the emergent substantive theory Paramedic Assessment Process. Conclusion: PAP describes and explains the process that academics and on-road paramedics employ to assess the practice competence of paramedic students and highlights situations that raise concern about assessment practices that may compromise the rigour and validity of assessment outcomes.