bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Living with Legionella and Other Waterborne Pathogens
Authors: Falkinham Joseph O.
Published: December 2020

Legionella spp. and other opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens (OPPPs), including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium avium, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Acinetobacter baumannii, are normal inhabitants of natural waters, drinking water distribution systems and premise plumbing. Thus, humans are regularly exposed to these pathogens. Unfortunately, Legionella spp. and the other OPPPs share a number of features that allow them to grow and persist in premise plumbing. They form biofilms and are also relatively disinfectant-resistant, able to grow at low organic matter concentrations, and able to grow under stagnant conditions. Infections have been traced to exposure to premise plumbing or aerosols generated in showers. A number of measures can lead to reduction in OPPP numbers in premise plumbing, including elevation of water heater temperatures.
Genomic Profiling for Piroplasms in Feeding Ixodid Ticks in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Adelabu Olusesan Adeyemi , Iweriebor Benson Chuks , Okoh Anthony Ifeanyi , Obi Larry Chikwelu
Published: December 2020

Importation of tick-infected animals and the uncontrollable migration of birds and wild animals across borders can lead to geographical expansion and redistribution of ticks and pathogen vectors, thus leading to the emergence and re-emergence of tick-borne diseases in humans and animals. Comparatively, little is known about the occurrence of piroplasms in ixodid ticks in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, thus necessitating this study, which is aimed at detecting piroplasms (Theileria and Babesia) from feeding tick samples collected from cattle, sheep, and goats in selected sites in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. A total of 1200 feeding ixodid ticks collected from farm animals at selected homesteads were first subjected to molecular identification using mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene by PCR and were further tested for the presence of piroplasms through amplification of the 18S rRNA gene via nested-PCR followed by sequencing of the PCR products. The results indicated that 853 (71.1%) corresponded to the genus Rhipicephalus, 335 (27.9%) corresponded to genus Amblyomma, and 12 (1%) corresponded to genus Haemaphysalis. Amblyomma hebraeum and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus were the most common identified ticks from this study. The 18S rRNA nested-PCR revealed that 44 (3.7%) samples were confirmed positive for Theileria. A homology search for the generated sequences revealed a high percentage identity of 98–98.9% similarity to T. buffeli, T. orientalis, and T. sergenti in the GenBank. Based on the results obtained herein, we conclude that there is a big diversity of Theileria species; therefore, we suggest that this research should cover more geographical areas in order to reveal the true prevalence of this pathogen in the studied area because this will be a great step in the possible prevention of an outbreak that could have devastating effects on livestock production and human health in both the studied areas and South Africa at large.
Function of Porous Carbon Electrode during the Fabrication of Multiporous-Layered-Electrode Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Tsuji Ryuki , Bogachuk Dmitry , Martineau David , Wagner Lukas , Kobayashi Eiji , Funayama Ryoto , Matsuo Yoshiaki , Mastroianni Simone , Hinsch Andreas , Ito Seigo
Published: December 2020

We demonstrate the effect of sheet conductivity and infiltration using the example of two graphite types, showing that, in general, the graphite type is very important. Amorphous and pyrolytic graphite were applied to carbon electrodes in fully printable carbon-based multiporous-layered-electrode perovskite solar cells (MPLE-PSCs): . The power conversion efficiency (PCE) using amorphous graphite-based carbon (AGC) electrode was only 5.97% due to the low short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) value, which was due to the low incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) in the short wavelength region caused by the poor perovskite filling into the porous TiO2-ZrO2 layers. Conversely, using pyrolytic graphite-based carbon (PGC) electrode, Jsc, open-circuit photovoltage (Voc), fill factors (FF), and PCE values of 21.09 mA cm−2, 0.952 V, 0.670, and 13.45%, respectively, were achieved in the champion device. PGC had poorer wettability and a small specific surface area as compared with AGC, but it had better permeability of the perovskite precursor solution into the porous TiO2/ZrO2 layers, and therefore a denser filling and crystallization of the perovskite within the porous TiO2/ZrO2 layers than AGC. It is confirmed that the permeability of the precursor solution depends on the morphology and structure of the graphite employed in the carbon electrode.
An Insight into the Factors Influencing Specificity of the SUMO System in Plants
Authors: Srivastava Moumita , Sadanandom Ari
Published: December 2020

Due to their sessile nature, plants are constantly subjected to various environmental stresses such as drought, salinity, and pathogen infections. Post-translational modifications (PTMs), like SUMOylation, play a vital role in the regulation of plant responses to their environment. The process of SUMOylation typically involves an enzymatic cascade containing the activation, (E1), conjugation (E2), and ligation (E3) of SUMO to a target protein. Additionally, it also requires a class of SUMO proteases that generate mature SUMO from its precursor and cleave it off the target protein, a process termed deSUMOylation. It is now clear that SUMOylation in plants is key to a plethora of adaptive responses. How this is achieved with an extremely limited set of machinery components is still unclear. One possibility is that novel SUMO components are yet to be discovered. However, current knowledge indicates that only a small set of enzymes seem to be responsible for the modification of a large number of SUMO substrates. It is yet unknown where the specificity lies within the SUMO system. Although this seems to be a crucial question in the field of SUMOylation studies, not much is known about the factors that provide specificity. In this review, we highlight the role of the localisation of SUMO components as an important factor that can play a vital role in contributing to the specificity within the process. This will introduce a new facet to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying such a dynamic process.
A Perspective on Adventitious Root Formation in Tree Species
Authors: Díaz-Sala Carmen
Published: December 2020

Adventitious root formation is an organogenic process, regulated at several levels, that is crucial for the successful vegetative propagation of numerous plants. In many tree species, recalcitrance to adventitious root formation is a major limitation in the clonal propagation of elite germplasms. Information on the mechanisms underlying the competence for adventitious root formation is still limited. Therefore, increasing our understanding of the mechanisms that enable differentiated somatic cells to switch their fates and develop into root meristematic cells, especially those involved in cell developmental aging and maturation, is a priority in adventitious root-related research. The dynamic cell wall–cytoskeleton, along with soluble factors, such as cellular signals or transcriptional regulators, may be involved in adult cell responses to intrinsic or extrinsic factors, resulting in maintenance, induction of root meristematic cell formation, or entrance into another differentiating pathway.
Allocation of Resources to Cyanogenic Glucosides Does Not Incur a Growth Sacrifice in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
Authors: Sohail Muhammad N. , Blomstedt Cecilia K. , Gleadow Roslyn M.
Published: December 2020

In plants, the production of secondary metabolites is considered to be at the expense of primary growth. Sorghum produces a cyanogenic glycoside (dhurrin) that is believed to act as its chemical defence. Studies have shown that acyanogenic plants are smaller in size compared to the wildtype. This study aimed to investigate whether the small plant size is due to delayed germination or due to the lack of dhurrin derived nitrogen. A novel plant system consisting of totally cyanide deficient class 1 (tcd1) and adult cyanide deficient 1 (acdc1) mutant lines was employed. The data for germination, plant height and developmental stage during seedling development and final plant reproductive fitness was recorded. The possible role of phytohormones in recovering the wildtype phenotype, especially in developmentally acyanogenic acdc1 line, was also investigated. The data on plant growth have shown that the lack of dhurrin is disadvantageous to growth, but only at the early developmental stage. The tcd1 plants also took longer to mature probably due to delayed flowering. None of the tested hormones were able to recover the wildtype phenotype. We conclude that the generation of dhurrin is advantageous for plant growth, especially at critical growth stages like germinating seed by providing a ready source of reduced nitrogen.
Electrochemical Mineralization of Ibuprofen on BDD Electrodes in an Electrochemical Flow Reactor: Numerical Optimization Approach
Authors: Regalado-Méndez Alejandro , Ruiz Martín , Hernández-Servín José A. , Natividad Reyna , Romero Rubi , Cordero Mario E. , Estrada-Vázquez Carlos , Peralta-Reyes Ever
Published: December 2020

Statistical analysis was applied to optimize the electrochemical mineralization of ibuprofen with two boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes in a continuous electrochemical flow reactor under recirculation batch mode. A central composite rotatable (CCR) experimental design was used to analyze the effect of initial pH (2.95–13.04), current intensity (2.66–4.34 A), and volumetric flow rate (0.16–1.84 L/min) and further optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain the maximum mineralization efficiency and the minimum specific energy consumption. A 91.6% mineralization efficiency (EM) of ibuprofen with a specific energy consumption (EC) of 4.36 KW h/g TOC within 7 h of treatment was achieved using the optimized operating parameters (pH0 = 12.29, I = 3.26 A, and Q of 1 L/min). Experimental results of RSM were fitted via a third-degree polynomial regression equation having the performance index determination coefficients (R2) of 0.8658 and 0.8468 for the EM and EC, respectively. The reduced root-mean-square error (RMSE) was 0.1038 and 0.1918 for EM and EC, respectively. This indicates an efficient predictive performance to optimize the operating parameters of the electrochemical flow reactor with desirability of 0.9999993. Besides, it was concluded that the optimized conditions allow to achieve a high percentage of ibuprofen mineralization (91.6%) and a cost of 0.002 USD $/L. Therefore, the assessed process is efficient for wastewater remediation.”
The Supervision of Dough Fermentation Using Image Analysis Complemented by a Continuous Discrete Extended Kalman Filter
Authors: Paquet-Durand Olivier , Zettel Viktoria , Yousefi-Darani Abdolrahim , Hitzmann Bernd
Published: December 2020

Dough fermentation is an important step during the preparation of fermented baking goods. For the supervision of dough fermentation, a continuous-discrete extended Kalman filter was applied, which uses an image analysis system as the measurement. By estimation a fixed number of gas bubbles inside the dough, the radius of an average bubble was determined. A mathematical dough model was used by the extended Kalman filter to estimate the radius of the average bubble, the CO2 concentration of the non-gas dough phase and the number of CO2 molecules in the average bubble. During a fermentation of 50 min, the extended Kalman filter estimated that the average radius increased from 50 µm to 127 µm, the CO2 concentration in the non-gas dough increased to 23 mol/m³, and the CO2 amount in the bubble increased from 0.1 × 10−10 to 4 × 10−10 mol. Also, the specific CO2 production rate was estimated to be in the range from 1.5 × 10−3 to more than 4 × 10−3 mol·m³/kg/s. The advantages of an extended Kalman filter for the supervision of the dough fermentation process are discussed.
New Design of the Reversible Jet Fan
Authors: Benišek Miroslav H. , Čantrak Đorđe S. , Ilić Dejan B. , Janković Novica Z.
Published: December 2020

This paper presents two designs of the axial reversible jet fan, with the special focus on the impeller. The intention was to develop a reversible axial jet fan which operates in the same way in both rotating directions while generating thrust as high as possible. The jet fan model with the outer diameter 499.2 ± 0.1 mm and ten adjustable blades is the same, while it is in-built in two different casings. The first construction is a cylindrical casing, while the second one is profiled as a nozzle. Thrust, volume flow rate, consumed power and ambient conditions were measured after the international standard ISO 13350. Results for both constructions are presented for three impeller blade angles: 28°, 31° and 35°, and rotation speed in the interval n = 400 to 2600 rpm. The smallest differences in thrust, depending on the fan rotation direction, as well as the highest thrust are achieved for the first design with the cylindrical casing and blade angle at the outer diameter of 35°. Therefore, it was shown that fan casing significantly influences jet fan characteristics. In addition, the maximum thrust value and its independence of the flow direction is experimentally obtained for the angle of 39° in the cylindrical casing.
Permeate Flux Control in SMBR System by Using Neural Network Internal Model Control
Authors: Abdul Wahab Norhaliza , Mahmod Nurazizah , Vilanova Ramon
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a design of a data-driven-based neural network internal model control for a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) with hollow fiber for microfiltration. The experiment design is performed for measurement of physical parameters from an actuator input (permeate pump voltage), which gives the information (outputs) of permeate flux and trans-membrane pressure (TMP). The palm oil mill effluent is used as an influent preparation to depict fouling phenomenon in the membrane filtration process. From the experiment, membrane fouling potential is observed from flux decline pattern, with a rapid increment of TMP (above 200 mbar). Membrane fouling is a complex process and the available models in literature are not designed for control system (filtration performance). Therefore, this work proposes an aeration fouling control strategy to measure the filtration performance. The artificial neural networks (Feed-Forward Neural Network—FFNN, Radial Basis Function Neural Network—RBFNN and Nonlinear Autoregressive Exogenous Neural Network—NARXNN) are used to model dynamic behaviour of flux and TMP. In this case, only flux is used in closed loop control application, whereby the TMP effect is used for monitoring. The simulation results show that reliable prediction of membrane fouling potential is obtained. It can be observed that almost all the artificial neural network (ANN) models have similar shape with the actual data set, with the highest accuracy of more than 90% for both RBFNN and NARXN. The RBFNN is preferable due to simple structure of the network. In the control system, the RBFNN IMC depicts the highest closed loop performance with only 3.75 s (settling time) for setpoint changes when compared with other controllers. In addition, it showed fast performance in disturbance rejection with less overshoot. In conclusion, among the different neural network tested configurations the one based on radial basis function provides the best performance with respect to prediction as well as control performance.
Influence of Glyphosate Formulations on the Behavior of Sulfentrazone in Soil in Mixed Applications
Authors: Langaro Ana Cláudia , Souza Matheus de Freitas , Pereira Gustavo Antônio Mendes , Barros João Pedro Ambrósio , Silva Antonio Alberto da , Silva Daniel Valadão , Passos Ana Beatriz Rocha de Jesus , Mendonça Vander
Published: December 2020

The selection of weed biotypes that are resistant to glyphosate has increased the demand for its use mixed with other herbicides, such as sulfentrazone. However, when chemical molecules are mixed, interactions may occur, modifying the behavior of these molecules in the environment, such as the sorption and desorption in soil. In this study, we hypothesized that the presence of glyphosate-formulated products might increase the sorption or decrease the desorption of sulfentrazone, thereby increasing the risk of the contamination of water resources. Therefore, our work aimed to evaluate the sorption, desorption, and leaching of sulfentrazone in the soil in an isolated and mixed application with different glyphosate formulations. The sorption coefficients (Kfs) for the sulfentrazone, sulfentrazone + Roundup Ready, sulfentrazone + Roundup Ultra, and sulfentrazone + Zapp Qi foram were 1.3, 2.1, 2.3, and 1.9, respectively. The desorption coefficients (Kfd) for the sulfentrazone, sulfentrazone + Roundup Ready, sulfentrazone + Roundup Ultra, and sulfentrazone + Zapp Qi foram were 65.7, 125.2, 733.3 and 239.8, respectively. The experiments demonstrated that the sorption and desorption of sulfentrazone in combination with the other formulated glyphosate products are altered, supporting the hypothesis suggested by this work, i.e., that the presence of other molecules is a factor that affects the behavior of herbicides in the soil. This phenomenon altered the vertical mobility of sulfentrazone. Situations involving mixtures of pesticides should be evaluated in order to improve our understanding of the dynamics of these molecules and thus avoid environmental contamination.
Supersymmetric HS Yang-Mills-like Models
Authors: Bonora Loriano , Giaccari Stefano
Published: December 2020

We introduce the supersymmetric version of YM-like theories with infinitely many spin fields in four dimensions. The construction is carried out via the superfield method. The surprising feature of these models is that they describe, in particular, gauge and gravity in a supersymmetric form, with no need for supergravity.
Knowledge and Attitudes on Vaccination in Southern Romanians: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire
Authors: Popa Gabriela Loredana , Muntean Andrei-Alexandru , Muntean Mădălina-Maria , Popa Mircea Ioan
Published: December 2020

Vaccines are fundamental instruments upon which all modern medicine is hinged. This has recently come into the light because of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of the public regarding vaccination. To this end, a questionnaire, which was disseminated to the general population between 2017 and 2019, was used. We evaluated the responses from 1647 individuals (61% female, with a median age of 37 years, mostly from urban settings). Most respondents (85%) had children and were in favor of vaccination. Our study underlines the role that family physicians have in the education and information of citizens. A small, but considerable, number of respondents (108, 7.84% of those with children) had not vaccinated their children according to the national vaccination scheme. Deterrents were considered to be lack of information and fear of side effects. However, 167 of our respondents (12.12% out of 1377 respondents with children) said that their child experienced adverse events—most of which were mild local reactions. Alternatives to vaccination were proposed by some. In this study, we highlight the attitudes of respondents and multiple gaps in general knowledge, both of which may need to be addressed, especially in light of the current pandemic situation and past failed campaigns.
The Potential of Soluble Human Leukocyte Antigen Molecules for Early Cancer Detection and Therapeutic Vaccine Design
Authors: Kessler Amy L. , Bruno Marco J. , Buschow Sonja I.
Published: December 2020

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules are essential for anti-tumor immunity, as they display tumor-derived peptides to drive tumor eradication by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. HLA molecules are primarily studied as peptide-loaded complexes on cell membranes (mHLA) and much less attention is given to their secretion as soluble HLA–peptide complexes (sHLA) into bodily fluids. Yet sHLA levels are altered in various pathologies including cancer, and are thus of high interest as biomarkers. Disconcordance in results across studies, however, hampers interpretation and generalization of the relationship between sHLA levels and cancer presence, thereby impairing its use as a biomarker. Furthermore, the question remains to what extent sHLA complexes exert immunomodulatory effects and whether shifts in sHLA levels contribute to disease or are only a consequence of disease. sHLA complexes can also bear tumor-derived peptides and recent advancements in mass spectrometry now permit closer sHLA peptide cargo analysis. sHLA peptide cargo may represent a “liquid biopsy” that could facilitate the use of sHLA for cancer diagnosis and target identification for therapeutic vaccination. This review aims to outline the contradictory and unexplored aspects of sHLA and to provide direction on how the full potential of sHLA as a quantitative and qualitative biomarker can be exploited.
Neo-Antigen mRNA Vaccines
Authors: Esprit Arthur , de Mey Wout , Bahadur Shahi Rajendra , Thielemans Kris , Franceschini Lorenzo , Breckpot Karine
Published: December 2020

The interest in therapeutic cancer vaccines has caught enormous attention in recent years due to several breakthroughs in cancer research, among which the finding that successful checkpoint blockade treatments reinvigorate neo-antigen-specific T cells and that successful adoptive cell therapies are directed towards neo-antigens. Neo-antigens are cancer-specific antigens, which develop from somatic mutations in the cancer cell genome that can be highly immunogenic and are not subjected to central tolerance. As the majority of neo-antigens are unique to each patient’s cancer, a vaccine technology that is flexible and potent is required to develop personalized neo-antigen vaccines. In vitro transcribed mRNA is such a technology platform and has been evaluated for delivery of neo-antigens to professional antigen-presenting cells both ex vivo and in vivo. In addition, strategies that support the activity of T cells in the tumor microenvironment have been developed. These represent a unique opportunity to ensure durable T cell activity upon vaccination. Here, we comprehensively review recent progress in mRNA-based neo-antigen vaccines, summarizing critical milestones that made it possible to bring the promise of therapeutic cancer vaccines within reach.
Evaluation of the Worldwide Occurrence of Rabies in Dogs and Cats Using a Simple and Homogenous Framework for Quantitative Risk Assessments of Rabies Reintroduction in Disease-Free Areas through Pet Movements
Authors: Crozet Guillaume , Rivière Julie , Canini Laetitia , Cliquet Florence , Robardet Emmanuelle , Dufour Barbara
Published: December 2020

Dog and cat rabies cases imported from rabies enzootic countries represent a major threat for areas that have acquired rabies-free status and quantitative risk analyses (QRAs) are developed in order to assess this risk of rabies reintroduction through dog and cat movements. Herein we describe a framework to evaluate dog and cat rabies incidence levels in exporting countries along with the associated uncertainty for such QRAs. For enzootic dog rabies areas (EDRAs), we extended and adapted a previously published method to specify the relationship between dog rabies vaccination coverage and canine rabies incidence; the relationship between dog and cat rabies incidences; and then to predict annual dog and cat rabies incidences. In non-enzootic dog rabies areas (nEDRAs), we provided annual incidence based on declared dog and cat rabies cases. For EDRAs, we predicted an annual incidence potentially greater than 1.5% in dogs and about ten times lower in cats with a high burden in Africa and Asia but much lower in Latin America. In nEDRAs, the occurrence of rabies was lower and of similar magnitude in dogs and cats. However, wildlife could still potentially infect dogs and cats through spillover events. This framework can directly be incorporated in QRAs of rabies reintroduction.
Redução de tempos e custos no cadastro de documentação técnica: o caso da melhoria do desempenho dos processos do GATE 0 fornecedor
Authors: Perussi Paulo Rodrigo , Alves Rodrigo Ramos , De Lima Miguelangelo Geimba
Published: December 2020

A busca por melhorias e por produtos que atendam a um mercado cada vez mais exigente, faz com que as empresas desenvolvam e apliquem ferramentas da engenharia da qualidade. Estas abordagens possibilitam resolver as não conformidades ou desenvolver produtos com qualidade superior, bem como evitar desperdícios e reduzir custos. O objetivo deste trabalho é utilizar o método DMAIC para a melhoria dos processos GATE 0 Fornecedor na empresa Aker Solutions, visando redução de tempos e custos com o cadastro da documentação técnica. Desta forma, pretende-se demonstrar as alternativas para automatização dos processos, assegurando a confiabilidade das informações inseridas no sistema SAP, atendendo aos requisitos do projeto e normas técnicas e consequentemente garantindo agilidade, qualidade e redução de custos na liberação das peças para a montagem.
Sistema Cardiovascular-Sanguíneo y Respiratorio
Authors:   Zambrano Pincay, Graciela Hernestina, Patricio Alfredo Vallejo Valdivieso ,   Vallejo Valdivieso, Nivea Katherine,   Vallejo Valdivieso, Luis Alejandro
Published: December 2020

Guía de orientación que ofrece un compendio completo de temas relacionados con los aparatos previamente mencionados (cardiovascular, sanguíneo y respiratorio), los cuales instruyen a las personas sobre sus funciones vitales y el cuidado que se les debe dar para el alcance de un funcionamiento óptimo dentro de un organismo saludable. Autores: Patricio Vallejo, et al.
Rektum Kanserinde Cerrahi Yönetiminin Güncel Literatür Eşliğinde İncelenmesi
Authors: UĞURLU Esat Taylan , ÖNGÖREN Ali Ulvi
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Rektum kanserleri yavaş seyirli, uzun süre asemptomatik olabilirken sonuçta ölümcül bir sistemik hastalık olduğu söylenebilir. Günümüzde primer tedavisi cerrahidir. Erken teşhis, ameliyat öncesi doğru evrelendirme, senkron ve metakron kolorektal kanserleri saptama ve lokal rekürrensleri tedavi edilebilir durumda tespit etme cerrahi tedavinin başarısında en önemli belirleyicilerdir. Çalışmamızda rektal. kanserlerin özellikleri ile cerrahi yaklaşımın ilkelerini güncel literatür ışığında gözden geçirerek, kliniğimizde tespit ve tedavi edilmiş rektal kanserli vakaları, etyo-patogenez, patoloji, semptomatoloji, teşhis, tedavi ve rekürrens sonuçları açısından güncel literatürlerle incelemeye çalıştıkMateryal ve metod: Sağlık Bakanlığı Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi 2. Genel Cerrahi Kliniğinde Aralık 1993-Aralık 1999 tarihleri arasında rektum kanseri tanısıyla ameliyat edilen 82 hastayı analiz ettik. Bu çalışmada, arşiv dosyalarından hastalara ait yaş, cinsiyet, semptom, semptom süresi, yapılan tetkik, tümörün anatomik lokalizasyonu, yapılan ameliyat, görülen komplikasyonlar, tümör evresi, postoperatif uygulanan adjuvan tedavi, hasta takipleri ve bu süre içindeki lokal nüksler ve uzak metastazlar kayıt altına alındıBulgular: Hastalarımızın yaş ortalaması 57.7, ve %20’si 40 yaş altındaydı. Hastaların 30’u (%36,6) kadın, 52’si (% 63,4) erkek idi. Hastaların 10’u (%12,1) akut karın tablosuyla acil olarak, 72’si (%87,8) elektif olarak ameliyat edilmiştir. Yapılan tam kan sayımlarında hastaların %18,2’sinde (Hemoglobin değeri 10 g/dl altında) anemi saptanmıştır. Vakalarımızın 11’inde (%13,4) karaciğer metastazı mevcuttu. Rektum kanserli 82 hastanın tanı sırasındaki CEA, CA19-9 düzeyleri incelenmiştir. CEA düzeyi 60 (%73,1) hastada, CA19-9 düzeyleri ise 35 (%42,6) hastada yüksek bulundu. İstatistiki analizde CEA duyarlılığının CA19-9 a göre daha üstün olduğu belirlendi (P<0.01). Vakalarımızdaki rezektabilite oranı %79,2’dir. Modifiye Dukes sınıflamasına göre A evresinde bir hasta (%1,2), Bı evresinde 8 hasta (%9,7), B2 evresinde 17 hasta (%20,7), C1 evresinde 19 hasta (%23,1), C2 evresinde 26 hasta (%31,7) ve D evresinde 11 hasta (%13,4) tespit edilmiştir.Sonuç: Rektum kanserlerinde erken teşhis, ameliyat öncesi doğru evrelendirme, senkron ve metakron kolorektal kanserleri saptama ve lokal rekürrensleri tedavi edilebilir durumda tespit etme cerrahi tedavinin başarısında en önemli belirleyicilerdir.Ayrıca hekim-hasta ilişkisinin ideal koşullara ulaşması ve erken teşhisin sağlanması bu hastalıkta daha başarılı sonuçların alınması için şarttır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Rektum kanseri, total mezorektal eksiyon, low anterior rezeksiyon, abdominoperineal rezeksiyon
La responsabilidad civil extracontractual desde la perspectiva del análisis económico del derecho y la economía del comportamiento
Authors: Maqueo Ramírez María Solange
Published: December 2020

El análisis económico de la responsabilidad civil extracontractual se enfoca en los efectos de las diversas reglas de responsabilidad por la causación de un daño, así como de la cuantificación de la reparación del daño, respecto del comportamiento tanto del agente del daño como de los afectados. Parte de la premisa de que la responsabilidad debe cumplir con el objetivo de internalizar los costos del daño, bajo el supuesto de la racionalidad económica, a fin de cumplir con las funciones disuasiva, preventiva y resarcitoria que caracterizan a este régimen. Si bien existe una amplia literatura en la materia, poco se ha abordado en el caso de los sistemas jurídicos codificados. Menos aún se han explorado las implicaciones que supone la economía del comportamiento, cuya característica esencial consiste en desarticular el supuesto de la racionalidad. En este artículo se analiza el régimen de la responsabilidad civil extracontractual previsto por el Código Civil de la Ciudad de México, desde la perspectiva del análisis económico del derecho. Además, se introducen los resultados obtenidos de un modelo experimental de la economía del comportamiento que ponen en tela de juicio la búsqueda de normas jurídicas eficientes que permitan internalizar los costos del daño.
Cem anos de invenção e matemática em Armin Hofmann
Authors: Viggiani Alice , Mazzilli Clice
Published: December 2020

Junho de 2020 foi o mês do centenário do professor e designer gráfico Armin Hofmann. Um dos fundadores da Escola de Design da Basileia, o suíço defende o ensino a partir da criatividade e do desenho como forma de pesquisa e investigação, ao mesmo tempo que tem como marca de sua prática profissional o estilo intuitivo, mas de rigor construtivo claro e conciso. A partir da análise de sua obra-chave, o Graphic Design Manual: Principles and Practice (1965), dos relatos de Dorothea Hofmann em seu livro sobre o modelo educacional da Basileia e da entrevista com o professor e designer brasileiro contemporâneo Leopoldo Leal, o artigo busca entender de que forma a escola moderna de design gráfico dos anos 1950 e 1960, o ensino da Basileia e a atuação de Armin Hofmann ecoam nos dias de hoje no ensino de design no Brasil.
Síntesis de compuestos heterocíclicos derivados del indol empleando catalizadores heterogéneos
Authors:   , Vargas Darío Andrés
Published: December 2020

En el trabajo se sintetizó nuevos compuestos heterocíclicos derivados del indol, de importancia biológica y con potencial actividad farmacológica, planteando una ruta sintética diferente a la que se utiliza en la obtención de compuestos similares. Se emplearon catalizadores heterogéneos en algunas etapas de síntesis, como alternativa eco-compatible.En ese punto se evaluó la eficacia, eficiencia y reutilización de catalizadores heterogéneos en obtención de cetonas derivadas de 3-metilindol mediante acilación de Friedel Crafts.Otros de los puntos del trabajo fueron: la obtención de nuevos compuestos bromados, a partir de 3-metil-1H-indolilcetonas, de gran importancia como intermediarios sintéticos. La obtención de nuevas ureas heterocíclicas derivadas de indol con potencial actividad farmacológica.Y el análisis estructural de los nuevos compuestos obtenidos mediante 1H-RMN y 13C-RMN.
Innovación educativa mediante la gestión emocional
Authors: Fernández Ruiz Bruno
Published: December 2020

En el marco de la gestión emocional se van desarrollando cada vez más enseñanzas dada la necesidad que existe de abarcar desde edades tempranas una enseñanza adecuada de la misma, esto nos lleva a un análisis profundo de sus técnicas de procesamiento y enseñanza, así como promover sus consecuencias al enseñarlo y los riesgos que conlleva no hacerlo. De tal forma que nos adentremos en el contexto del alumno para adecuarnos de la manera más óptima posible tanto a su gestión emocional como a la enseñanza de contenidos.
Sistematización de los artículos de grado de las especializaciones en comunicación de la UAC
Authors: Rosero Molina Javier , Rodriguez Chaparro Darvis Rafael , Ramos Maldonado Carlos
Published: December 2020

Los artículos de revisión, reflexión e investigación hacen parte de los requisitos de grado para los estudiantes de las especializaciones en Comunicación de la Universidad Autónoma del Caribe. Teniendo en cuenta el firme propósito del aseguramiento de la calidad de ambas especializaciones se hace necesario la sistematización y el análisis de los trabajos de grados, el ejercicio nos permite establecer con precisión las temáticas más y menos utilizadas, y los resultados serán pieza clave en aras de aportar a la elaboración de nuevos proyectos de grado y la contribución a la estructuración e implementación de nuevos contenidos curriculares definidos dentro de los hilos conceptuales en Gerencia de la Comunicación Organizacional y Gerencia de la Comunicación para el Desarrollo Social. Para la sistematización y análisis de los trabajos de grado se empleará el software estadístico para las ciencias sociales y humanas SPSS.  A partir de ello, se identificaron áreas sobre las cuales es prudente profundizar con la intención de que se mejoren, como es la búsqueda constante y la calidad de la educación ofrecida en estos posgrados.
What is Sufism?
Authors: Ahmed Saladdin
Published: December 2020

Most Western scholars define Sufism as the spirituality of Islam or the mystical version of Islam. It is thought to be the inward approach to Islam that emerged and flourished in the non-Arab parts of the Islamic world. Most scholars like William Stoddart think that Sufism is to Islam what Yoga is to Hinduism, Zen to Buddhism, and mysticism to Christianity. In this essay, I will shed light on the major lines and elements in the philosophy of Sufism. I will try to give a concrete account of Sufism by introducing its major features within the relevant Islamic tradition and history.
Józef Bremer and Josef Rothhaupt, eds.: Ludwig Wittgenstein „przydzielony do Krakowa”
Authors: Duchliński Piotr
Published: December 2020

The article reviews the book Ludwig Wittgenstein „przydzielony do Krakowa” [Ludwig Witgenstein „Assigned to Krakow”], edited by Józef Bremer and Josef Rothhaupt.
A EDUCAÇÃO SEXUAL E A PROTEÇÃO CONTRA O ABUSO
Authors: Gusmão Verónica , R. Schiavo Mareio , Jurberg Pedro
Published: December 2020

As manifestações da sexualidade, pelas crianças ("jogos sexuais infantis"), parece ser inata, já que se fazem presentes em todas as culturas. Quando a criança considera que a sexualidade é algo reprimido pelos adultos, passa a protegê-la destes, através da clandestinidade. O trabalho de orientação sexual contribui para a prevenção de problemas graves, como o abuso sexual. Cientistas reconhecidos, embora citados fora de contexto, passaram a ser usados por grupos defensores da pedofilia, como se estivessem apoiando a idéia de que as relações sexuais entre adultos e crianças nem sempre são prejudiciais a estas, podendo, mesmo, ser benéficas para a formação de sua sexualidade . É necessário que a criança diga sim às brincadeiras sexuais infantis; a fim de que, saciada em suas buscas de conhecimento, descobertas e curiosidades, possa dizer não ao abusador adulto.
Risk Management SIMRS using OCTAVE-S Method and ISO/EIC 27001 Control Standards
Authors: Setiawan Ito
Published: December 2020

Rumah sakit Wishnu Husada Banyumas sudah menerapakan teknologi informasi dalam proses pelayanan namun permasalah yang muncul dalam penerapan sistem informasi sering terjadi seperti human error, server bermasalah dan risiko lainya. Kurangnya dokumentasi dalam penanganan risiko mengakibatkan risiko yang sama sering terulang kembali dikemudian hari. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan evaluasi risiko menggunakan metode OCTAVE-S dan standar pengendalian mengacu pada ISO 27001 pada Rumah sakit.  Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan studi literatur dan studi lapangan. Hasil yang dicapai dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui aset kritis sistem informasi berupa database server dan juga SIMRS, mengetahui ancaman terhadap aset kritis berupa belum adanya beberapa standar prosedur di 6 bagian praktek keamanan. Terdapat 6 praktek keamanan yang mendapat stoplight warna merah, 9 praktek keamanan stoplight warna kuning dan 1 praktek keamanan stoplight warna hijau mengacu pada metode OCTAVE-S. Rencana mitigasi risiko mengacu pada ISO 27001 untuk membantu pihak rumah sakit memetakan sesuai dengan penilaian praktek keamanan yang telah dilakukan
Meningkatkan Service Quality Usaha Laundry Menggunakan Throw-away Prototyping
Authors: Khalida Rakhmi
Published: December 2020

Banyaknya pelanggan yang berkunjung setiap hari untuk menggunakan jasa laundry membuat pemilik laundry harus mengambil kebijakan untuk kemajuan usaha karena data pelanggan tidak terekam dengan baik,  tepat, dan akurat dan tidak jarang juga pelanggan sering menghilangkan struk pembayaran untuk pengambilan pakaian, hal itu menyebabkan kesulitan bagi pegawai untuk menyerahkan pakaianya, selain itu informasi yang diberikan pegawai untuk mengambil pakaian sering tidak tepat, dan itu sangat merugikan pelanggan yang nanti akan berdampak pada usaha jasa laundry. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu dapat merancang sistem informasi jasa laundry berbasis web untuk membantu meningkatkan kinerja pada admin dalam pembuatan laporan, dan membuat pemberitahuan bagi pelanggan dengan SMS gateway saat pakaiannya telah selesai di kerjakan. Pembuatan sistem informasi jasa laundry berbasib web ini menggunakan metode pengembangan software throw-away prototyping dengan tahapan analisis kebutuhan, pembuatan prototype, evaluasi prototype, spesifikasi system, program sistem, validasi system, dan  instalasi aplikasi. Dalam pembuatan sistem informasi jasa laundry berbasi web ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, pengamatan, dan studi pustaka. Sistem informasi jasa laundry dibutuhkan untuk mempermudah pencatatan dan pengolahan secara akurat dan realtime. Sistem ini membuat seluruh manajemen laundry menjadi efisien dan sistematis. Penggunaan SMS gateway pada sistem ini dapat melengkapi transaksi pengambilan pakaian apabila struk pembayaran hilang.
Penerapan Metode TOPSIS Pemilihan Sosial Media Marketing Untuk Penjualan Aksesoris Pariwisata Lombok
Authors: Suryadi Emi
Published: December 2020

Information technology has a major influence on change, this can be seen from the development of technology in the form of hardware or software. Many people use social media as a means of communication, so that Lombok island tourism accessories entrepreneurs make this a market opportunity to increase turnover (income). Lombok's typical accessories are quite well-known in various communities, many of the people's works are unknown to tourists both from within and from abroad. Social media as an alternative choice as a marketing medium, the number of social media makes business people a dilemma to make decisions. The TOPSIS method as a solution to determine the best alternative can be used as a recommendation. The results of the calculation of this method are obtained from one of the respondents' data on the island of Lombok. In this case the social media that has the highest value based on the results of the data obtained is Facebook with a total score (0.98444271167187). The calculation of this method can change depending on the availability of social media data against existing criteria.
317 Gb/in2 Recording Areal Density on Strontium Ferrite Tape
Authors: Lantz Mark , Furrer Simeon , Ebermann Patrick , Rothuizen Hugo , Haeberle Walter , Cherubini Giovanni , Cideciyan Roy D. , Tsujimoto Shinji , Sawayashiki Yoshihiro , Murata Yuto , Ueyama Tomohide , Akano Yoichi , Kaneko Tetsuya , Suzuki Hodaka , Shirata Masashi , Naoi Kenji , Koike Takashi , Doshita Hiroaki , Imaoka Noriko
Published: December 2020

The recording performance of a new prototype magnetic tape based on perpendicularly oriented strontium ferrite particles is investigated using a 29 nm wide tunneling magnetoresistive reader. At a linear density of 702 kbpi, a post-detection byte-error rate of 2.8e-2 is demonstrated based on measured recording data and a software read channel. The read channel uses a 64-state implementation of an extended version of a data-dependent noise-predictive maximum-likelihood detection scheme that tracks the first and second order statistics of the data-dependent noise. At the demonstrated post-detection byte-error rate, a post-error-correction-coding byte-error rate of less than 1e-20 can be achieved using an iterative decoding architecture. To facilitate aggressive track-density scaling, we made multiple advances in the area of track following. First, we developed a new timing-based servo pattern and implemented a novel quad channel averaging scheme. Second, we developed a new field programmable gate array prototyping platform to enable the implementation of quad channel averaging. Third, we enhanced our low disturbance tape transport with a pair of 20 mm diameter air bearing tape guides and a prototype track-following actuator. Fourth, we developed a novel low friction tape head and finally, we designed a set of tape speed optimized track-following controllers using the model-based H∞ design framework. Combining these technologies, we achieved a position error signal (PES) characterized by a standard deviation ≤ 3.18 nm over a tape speed range of 1.2 to 4.1 m/s. This magnitude of PES in combination with a 29 nm wide reader enables reliable recording at a track width of 56.2 nm corresponding to a track density of 451.9 ktpi, for an equivalent areal density of 317.3 Gb/in2.
Efficacy of inhaled methoxyflurane for procedural analgesia in paediatric burns: a pilot study
Authors: Wellbeloved MA , Parkhurst R , Keeling KH
Published: December 2020

Background: Methoxyflurane (MF), a volatile anaesthetic agent is known for its analgesic properties in sub anaesthetic concentrations. It has been used as an analgesic agent for short procedures in both adults and children in the prehospital setting and in the emergency department. We conducted a pilot study to investigate the use of MF for burn dressing changes in children.

Methods: A prospective case series was conducted in the paediatric burns ward amongst children aged 4–9 years. During burns dressing changes MF was administered using a hand-held patient-controlled device. An investigator monitored vital signs together with pain scores, sedation levels and levels of satisfaction of staff.

Results: Twelve patients were enrolled for the study. The majority of the burn wounds were classified as partial-thickness wounds. Methoxyflurane was used as the sole agent for analgesia and sedation for the procedure. No major adverse events were noted. Analgesia and sedation levels were sufficient and appropriate respectively for the majority of the patients during the initial exposure of the wound and the application of the new dressing. However, during the scrubbing of the burn wound analgesia and sedation proved insufficient in four and seven of the patients respectively.

Conclusion: In our setting the use of MF for inpatient burn wound dressing changes may be insufficient as a sole agent in the paediatric patient. We suggest it may be used as an adjunct to current practice. Further, larger studies are required to delineate the appropriate role MF can play in the paediatric burns setting.
Las etnias centroamericanas durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX
Authors: Lizcano Fernández Francisco
Published: December 2020

Short description:

This article is dedicated to the demographic levels and distribution of Central American ethnic groups: indigenous, mestizos, mulattos, creoles, garifunas and Asians. The study includes 7 countries: Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. Emphasis is placed on the Caribbean region of these countries, where ethnic diversity is the greatest.

Short description translated and adapted from the text by Michał Gilewski
Desafíos de las políticas interculturales en Chile: derechos indígenas y el desarrollo socioeconómico.
Authors: Castro Lucic Milka
Published: December 2020

In this paper author analyzes de relation between the indigenous peoples and the institutions of the state, especially in the period of military dictatorship in Chile, dedicating special attention to the revival of the indigenous groups, what they expect basing on their legal rights, and what they encounter in practice.

Fragment translated and Adapted from Spanish text by Michal Gilewski
Faktor Risiko Kejadian Preeklampsia Berat/Eklampsia pada Ibu Hamil
Authors: Sutiati Bardja
Published: December 2020

Preeklampsia merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan kehamilan dan penyebab kematian maternal. Tujuan dari Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui factor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian preeklampsia pada ibu hamil di RSUD Arjawinangun tahun 2019. Populasi ibu bersalin di ruang VK RSUD Arjawinangun periode Agustus 2019 s/d Januari 2020. Memilih sampel secara purposive yaitu ibu hamil di ruang VK sehingga didapat 156 responden yang terdiri dari 39 responden yang mengalami preeklampsia berat/eklampsia sebagai sampel kasus dan 117 responden yang tidak mengalami preeklampsia berat/eklampsia sebagai sampel kontrol.Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat, analisis bivariat, dan analisis multivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada hubungan usia (p=0,000), Paritas (p = 0,003), pendidikan (p=0,000), riwayat preeklampsia (p=0,000), riwayat penyakit keluarga (p=0,000), kenaikan berat badan (p=0,000), jumlah janin (p=0,0061) dan konsumsi kalsium (p = 0,000) berisiko secara signifikan, sedangkan ekonomi (p=0,640), perokok pasif (p=0,681) dan pekerjaan (p=0,469) tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian preeklampsia berat/eklampsi pada ibu hamil di RSUD Arjawinangun tahun 2019. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukan factor paling dominan terhadap kejadian preeklampsia adalah adalah usia dengan Exp (B) atau OR 12,5.
Hubungan Riwayat Anemia saat Kehamilan dengan Kejadian Anemia Postpartum pada Ibu Nifas
Authors: Endang Yuliani
Published: December 2020

Anemia saat kehamilan menjadi masalah nasional dan memiliki pengaruh yang besar pada masa postpartum, sehingga memerlukan perhatian dari semua pihak yang terkait dengan masalah kesehatan. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan analitik observasional yang mana rancangan penelitian menggunakan metode cross sectional dengan pengambilan sampel 10 responden dalam penelitian ini diambil secara nonprobability sampling dengan tipe accidental sampling. Data dianalisa menggunakan uji spearman rho. Hasil uji spearman rho didapatkan nilai signifikan 0,000 <0,05, sehingga dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa ada hubungan riwayat anemia saat kehamilan dengan kejadian anemia postpartum pada ibu nifas di Puskesmas Kejayan Kabupaten Pasuruan tahun 2020.