bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Take Back Your Power: 10 New Rules for Women at Work Book Review
Authors: Daniel Tomi
Published: May 2023

Deb Liu wrote Take Back Your Power to contribute her insights to the reckoning around the power imbalance that continues to disadvantage women in the workforce. The author reiterated that women must take back their power—whether they ceded it, had it taken from them, or never had it given them in the first place. Take Back Your Power is 240 pages of the author’s personal anecdotes and case studies of other women who experienced different nuances of power imbalance at work and how they overcame them. Written by a respected female leader who inched her way to the top in the male-dominated tech field at Silicon Valley over the course of twenty years, the book covers information that is generic across sectors of the corporate world. The aim of this review was to spotlight Liu’s book as a thoughtful trusted guide that women can apply to navigate the structural imbalance of power that exists in their own world of work. It is available in text and audio versions.
Negatifikasi Kapitalisasi
Authors: Tendenan Vani
Published: May 2023

Pa’pandan merupakan praktik pemberian hadiah dalam budaya Toraja yang berubah menjadi praktik negatif karena pengaruh kapitalisasi yang berakar dalam sistem utang piutang yang berimbas terutama kepada kalangan terpinggir. Tulisan ini berfokus pada upaya negatifikasi terhadap kapitalisasi budaya yang memengaruhi praktik pa’pandan menjadi suatu pemberian tidak terkontrol atau berlebihan dan menghasilkan pemberian yang berdampak negatif. Dengan mendialogkan metode fenomenologi Jean Luc-Marion dengan teologi negatif menurut Arthur Bradley, artikel ini menawarkan sebuah pandangan teologis-negatif tentang praktik pemberian dan implikasinya dalam merekonstruksi Pa’pandan menjadi praktik pemberian yang bermanfaat, positif, dan efektif dalam membawa perubahan, khususnya bagi masyarakat terpinggir.
Fuzzy modeling applied to a microwave dryer: Cotton weaving fabric drying process
Authors: AKARSLAN KODALOĞLU Feyza
Published: May 2023

Microwave drying stands out because it is faster than traditional drying methods, drying in the product is more uniform and energy efficiency. In this study, fuzzy modeling of a microwave dryer was developed. Microwave dryer is considered as a non-linear dryer. The proposed fuzzy model is used to estimate the drying rate for different electrical powers and different drying times. Different experimental measurements were used to evaluate the reliability of this model. Compared to other modeling techniques, thanks to simulation, the fuzzy model of the dryer provides an immediate estimation of the drying rate. This study will provide drying rates under demanded conditions and help determining machine parameters for a given product providing time and energy saving.The behavior predicted by the fuzzy model confirms the suitability of the defined model.
Korkuteli Sinaneddin Medresesi’nin deprem etkisi altında yapısal davranışının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: İRBAN Mustafa Yılmaz , FENKLİ Mehmet
Published: May 2023

Bu çalışmada tarihi yığma yapılar hakkında verilen bilgiler ışığında bu yapıların modelleme teknikleri ve analiz yöntemlerine değinilmiştir. Antalya’nın Korkuteli ilçesinde bulunan ve tarihi 1319 yılına dayanan Sinaneddin Medresesi modellenmiş ardından yapının olası bir deprem esnasında göstereceği davranışının tahmini olarak saptanması için analizler yapılmıştır. Yapılan modellemede deprem kaynaklı kuvvetli yer hareketi için de söz konusu yapının bulunduğu alan için Kocaeli depreminin sismik kayıtları kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuç aşamasında yapılan modellemeler ve analizler ardından tarihi yapının deprem etkisi altında yapısal davranışı yorumlanarak çeşitli değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.
Performance Assessment of PV/T Driven Transcritical Rankine Cycle: A Comparative Study on Supercritical Working Fluids
Authors: SOYTÜRK Gamze
Published: May 2023

The proposed study aims to examine the performance of a combined solar power generation system. The system comprises photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) panels, a pump, a capacitor, and a turbine. R744, R170, and R41 were used as working fluids. The Engineering Equation Solver (EES) program is used to perform the performance evaluation of the system. Comparative thermodynamic analyzes and parametric studies are conducted to determine the best fluid. The results demonstrate that the highest power production rate of 0.4669 kW is calculated for the cycle using R41, followed by R744. Additionally, the highest energy efficiency and efficiency of exergy are calculated when R41 fluid is used, while the lowest energy and efficiency of exergy are calculated when R170 fluid is used. R170 is determined to have the highest irreversibility, with a destruction rate of exergy of 20.57 kW. According to the results of this analysis, the best working fluid was determined as R41. Parametric analyzes were performed to determine the effects of P1/P2 and solar irradiation on the performance of the system, like power production, efficiency of energy, destruction of exergy, and efficiency of exergy. It has been shown that power generation, energy efficiency, and efficiency of exergy increase with P1/P2 and solar irradiation for all fluids. While the destruction of exergy decreases with increasing pressure ratio, exergy destruction increases with increasing solar irradiation.
Effect of Ammonia on the Synthesis of NMC541 Cathode Materials with the Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Purwamargapratala Yustinus , Safitri Jihan Fakhriyah , Nursanto Eduardus Budi , Jodi Heri , Kartini Evvy , Zulfia Anne
Published: May 2023

The research studied about the effect of ammonia on the synthesis of lithium-ion battery cathode materials LiNi0.5Mn0.4Co0.1O2 (NMC541) through a sol-gel method by modifying the mole ratio of ammonia to metal forming ratios (0.5; 1.0; 1.5; and 2.0). The precipitation formed at pH 11 and at temperature of 80oC. Characterization was carried out on samples resulting from pyrolysis (pyrolysis result), with calcination for once and twice at 850oC for 3 hours, X-ray diffraction pattern characterization, morphological characterization using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and conductivity characterization using an impedance capacitance conductance (LCR) meter. The result of the synthesis is in the form of spherical particles. The addition of ammonia affected the particle size distribution and stoichiometry of the metal forming NMC541, eventhough it was not significant. The ammonia to metal ratio of 1.5 (Sample N1.5-K) resulted in the distribution with the optimum particle homogeneity. The morphology of the pyrolysis and 3 hours-850oC calcined samples was dominated by spherical particles and agglomeration. Particle growth in the material is affected by heat treatment time. Samples with ammonia to metal ratio of 2.0 (N2.0-K) have the closest stoichiometry to NMC541. The total conductivity of the sample at a measurement frequency of 42Hz-1MHz is in the value range of 10-7–10-5 S.cm-1. The particle size is also affected by the calcination temperature. The effect of using ammonia in the synthesis process is not directly related to the electrical properties. However, it is related to the purity of NMC541. Samples of N1.5-K pyrolyzed result and samples of N1.0-K (3 hour 850 oC calcined) have optimum conductivity values. Agglomeration as a calcination effect lowers the conductivity value. The addition of 3 hours of calcination time does not significantly increase the conductivity value
Electrodeposition of Zn Zn-doped Cu Cu2O in Acidic and Alkaline Solution and Its Catalytic Activity for Ethanol Electrooxidation
Authors: Budi Setia , Syafei Devi Indrawati
Published: May 2023

In this study, Zn-doped Cu2O films were synthesized by electrodeposition technique in acidic (pH 4) and alkaline (pH 10) solution. Catalytic activity of the film was evaluated toward ethanol electrooxidation which was carried out using cyclic voltammetry technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the formation of cubic structure of Cu2O from both conditions. Morphological characterization conducted under a field-emission scanning electron microscope exhibited that Cu2O particles electrodeposited in the acidic condition were smaller compared to those obtained in the alkaline condition. The photoelectrochemical responses, which were recorded using a linear sweep voltammetry technique, showed that the highest photocurrent density was 31.5 mA.cm-2 that obtained at 0.76 V vs. Ag/AgCl using Zn-doped Cu2O film prepared in the acidic condition. The film also possesses a low resistance charge transfer as measured by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. These electrochemical characteristics resulted in a high catalytic performance of the Zn-doped Cu2O film on the ethanol electrooxidation as shown by the high anodic current of 22 mA.cm-2 at 0.968 V. These results indicated that the Zn-doped Cu2O film electrodeposited in the acidic condition has a good catalytic activity towards ethanol electrooxidation process.
Geometry Design-Based Thermoelectric Optimization Module
Authors: Prananca Aristu , Fatimah Iim
Published: May 2023

One alternative energy source is thermoelectric which is able to convert waste heat into electricity. However, research on thermoelectrics still needs a lot of development, especially module design. Therefore, research on thermoelectric optimization based on the module design was carried out using computer simulation. One of the parameters that can be used for analysis is the maximum output power which is thought to be increased through the cross-sectional area, length, shape, and type of pairs of legs. The principles used in the simulation are about the semiconductor material which is a type of thermoelectric foot material, the Seebeck effect to understand the energy conversion process, resistivity and thermal conductivity to understand the input from the simulation, CaTiO3, and SiC to understand the material used for the model and also Finite Element Analysis. FEA) and output power to understand the processing of simulation results. The research begins by making a design for each variation, entering the specifications, then the running process and calculations to obtain the maximum output power. From the simulation results, it is known that the thermoelectric design will be optimal for small leg lengths, large cross-sectional areas, and using similar materials (Unileg) with good specifications with a maximum output power value of 3,713.10-8 W for beams, 3,634.10-8 W for cylinders, and 8,617.10-8 W For Unileg N-N.
Efficacy and Safety of Salicylic Acid (20%) Chemical Peel Solution in Treatment of Moderate
Authors: Hamad Vian Jalal ,   M.B.Ch.B . Erbil Dermatology Teaching Center, Elethawi Ali Mozan ,   MBChB, FICMS, CABD Consultant Dermatologist, University of Sulaymany, College of Medicine
Published: May 2023

Background and objectives: Rosacea is a chronic skin disorder characterized by persistent facial erythema, tel- engectesia, inflammatory papules and pustules, facial flushing. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of 20% salicylic acid chemical peel in comparison to combined effect of oral doxycline 100mg capsule and topical metronidazole 0.75% gel in the treatment of moderate rosacea. Methods:An open label comparative therapeutic trial which has been done at Erbil Dermatology Teaching Center outpatient clinic during the period from March of 2017 to January 2018 on forty patients with moderate rosacea. Full history and clinical examinations were done for every patient. Patients were randomly allocated to two groups: group A underwent salicylic acid chemical peeling every 3 weeks for a series of four sessions using 20% salicylic acid and group B received oral doxycline 100mg capsule and topical metronidazole 0.75% gel once daily for a series of 12 weeks. Treatment efficacy was assessed at last session according to IGA score of rosacea. Results: Forty patients; their age ranged from 23 to 68 years. Before treatment, all patients in both treatment groups were classified as having a moderate grading of rosacea. At the last visit, according to investigator’s global assessment, treatment success in terms of a clear, or mild final result was obtained in a significantly larger proportion of those patients treated with 20% salicylic acid group compared with doxycline capsule and topical metronidazole gel. Conclusions:The findings in our study indicated that 20% salicylic acid peel is more efficacious in treatment of moderate rosacea than combined doxycline 100mg capsule and metronidazole 0.75% gel. Also chemical peel is easier to use and has less cost.
Endoscopic Assisted Septoplasty Versus Conventional Septoplasty;a Prospective Study
Authors: Muhammed Hardy Sirwan ,   M.B.Ch.B, KHCMS (ENT) trainee. ENT, Head and Neck surgery – Sulaimany Teaching Hospital, Abdulkareem Hiwa Asaad ,   M.B.Ch.B, F.I.C.M.S( ENT) , C.A.B.S (ORL- Head & Neck Surgery), Assistant Professor and Consultant Otolaryngologist, University of Sulaimany, College of Medicine, Sulaimany, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Published: May 2023

Background and objectives: Correction of deviated nasal septum underwent many modifications. Traditionally, it has been performed by using a headlight and nasal speculum and recently, endoscopic techniques have been used for septal surgery. As a consequence, the present study aimed to compare the efficacy of conventional and endoscopic septoplasty in treating septal deformity. Methods:the study was conducted on fifty patients planned for septoplasty; they were randomly selected and divided into two groups; Group I undertaken conventional septoplasty and Group II via endoscopic septoplasty with twenty-five patients in each group. Postoperative symptom analysis and complications with objective anatomical evaluation by endoscopic examination were explained in this study. Results: Septal deviation was commoner in males than females in a ratio of 1.4: 1. Age ranged from 18 to 58 years with mean age ± SD (stand- ard deviation) 33.42± 10.42. Nasal septum deformity commonly associated with inferior turbinate hypertrophy (76%), concha bullosa (24%) and mucosal disease (26%). Postoperatively, subjective assessment of relieving symptoms was noticed in endoscopic septoplasty including nasal obstruction (96%), nasal discharge (88%), post nasal drip (92%) and headache (80%). Endoscopic septoplasty was superior in correction of posterior deflections in comparison to conven- tional technique while there was no significant difference regarding anterior deviations. Eventually lesser complication rates were observed in endoscopic technique. Conclusions: Endoscopic septoplasty is a viable alternative method for correcting septal deviation, and is more effective in relieving symptoms. It can be performed in conjunction with endoscopic sinus surgery.
Early versus Late Tracheostomy for Intubated Patients in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Mohammed Shkar Nazar ,   MBChB, KHCMS(ENT) trainee ENT, Head & Neck surgery – Sulaimani Teaching Hospital, Tawfique Saleh Ahmed , Abdulkareem Hiwa Asaad ,   FRCS-FRCSEd-DLO-SB, ENT head and neck surgery professor, senior consultant surgeon, Erbil training center,   MBCHB-FICMS-CABS, ENT head and neck surgery assistant 94 professor, senior consultant surgeon, Sulamani teaching hospital ENT head and neck surgery center
Published: May 2023

Background and objectives:Tracheostomy, is an integral component of the management plan for the critically ill patients admitted in the intensive care unit under endotracheal intubation. However, there is controversy regarding the effects of timing of tracheostomy in those patients, which was the purpose of this prospective study. Methods:A-sample of 48 cases were selected, based on timing of tracheostomy they were assigned into 2 groups: early trache ostomy group; included 24 patients that were intubated for less than 10 days and within this 10 days tracheostomies were performed, and late tracheostomy group in which patients remained on endotracheal intubation for more than 10 days and then tracheostomies were performed. Collected data included; postoperative vital signs, chest X-Rays of the patients, condition of the tracheostomy tubes, any morbidity & mortality and complications that ensued. Results: Out of 24 cases in the early tracheostomy group, only 7 of them were associated with lung haziness in the postoperative chest X-Rays, while lung haziness was found in chest X-Rays of 14 out of total 24 cases which was more than half of the sample in the late tracheostomy study group, showing higher rates of ventilator associated pneumonia in late tracheostomy group compared to early tracheostomy group. Conclusions:Late tracheostomy associated with a higher risk of ventilator associated pneumonia. It’s advised not to leave patients with endotracheal intubation tube for more than 10 days in intensive care units.
Topical Dudesonide Rnse for Postoperative Care in Chronic Rhino-Sinusitis with and without Polyp
Authors: Ghafour Dlbrin Mala Mohammed Mala ,   M.B.Ch.B, Al-Rawi Muwaffaq Muflih , Dabbagh Lana ,   ENT& Head and Neck Surgery: Ministry of health,   Training center: Rizgary teaching hospital/ ENT Head and Neck surgery center,   M.B.Ch.B M.D F.A.C.S ORL-Head and Neck surgery, Rizgary teaching hospital/ ENT Head and Neck surgery center otolaryngologist,   M.B.Ch.B, F.I.C.M.S (ENT), H.D-L.R.O,; Otolaryngologist; Rizgary teaching hospital/ ENT Head and Neck surgery center
Published: May 2023

Background and objectives: Chronic rhino sinusitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses with no complete symptom resolution. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of budesoniderinse on patients with chronic rhino sinusitis with and without a polyp. Methods: A total of 50 patients underwent operation for chronic rhino sinusitis, with or without nasal polyps were randomly assigned into experimental (25 patients) and control groups (25 patients). The patients in the experimental group received 2 cc of budesonide 0.5mg mixed with 240 cc of normal saline, used 2 times daily 50 cc (50 cc equals 0.2 mg budesonide) for each nostril for three months, whereas, the patients in control group received only normal saline. The efficacy of budesonide solution irrigation was assessed by SNOT 22. Results: The mean scores of SNOT-22 in both groups were significantly improved compared to baseline. Whereas, the improvement between experimental (26.0, 33.48, and 39.36 for 1, 2, and 3 months, respectively) and control groups (25.92, 29.88, and 34.32 for 1, 2, and 3 months, respectively) were not significant statistically. The patients with Chronic rhino sinusitis and without polyp in the experimental groups showed the significantly lower SNOT-22 scores for month 2 (27.13 vs. 36.47) and month 3 (33.25 vs. 42.24) compared to the patients with a polyp. Conclusions: The study showed that both methods of post-operative nasal irrigation with normal saline alone or budesonide mixed with normal saline had significant improvement in the scores of SNOT-22. However, the difference between the two methods was not statistically significant.
IUD-Related knowledge and practice among women in Afghanistan: A cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Ahmadi Parwin , Ahmadi Mahsa , Timilsina Shashank
Published: May 2023

Background: Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) are T-shaped devices that can be inserted into the uterus to provide contraception. IUDs are a form of long-term contraception that are effective birth control methods with few adverse effects. The purpose of this study is to reveal the current baseline for the knowledge and practice of Afghan women toward intrauterine devices and identify the related sociodemographic factors.
Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2022 to December 2022 among married women aged at least 18 years old living in Herat province of Afghanistan. A total of 1000 females in Herat were asked, and 411 agreed to participate in this study (response rate=41.1%).
Results: Only one-fourth of the participants responded that health care workers are their primary source of information on health issues (25.3%). More than nine-tenths of the participants had poor knowledge level of IUD (91.5%) while only one-twentieth of participants were using IUD (5.8%). Number of children, education level, occupation, and economic status were found to be significantly associated with participants’ knowledge on IUD.
Conclusion: Government and health organizations should provide trainings focused on increase of knowledge on IUD and its related issues.  The programs should also persuade women to use IUD and its safety. Training should be targeted not only to women, but to family practice physicians, nurse and midwifery practitioners and other providers who offer family planning counseling and services.
Cervical Cancer and its Vaccine Trends in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A highlight
Authors: Yasin Fatima , Mehmood Qasim , Imtiaz Sidra , Ullah Irfan , Razak Sufyan
Published: May 2023

N/A
Management capacity in the Afghan Ministry of Public Health pre-Taliban: A mixed-methods study of political and socio-cultural issues
Authors: Ashrafi Dost Shaqaieq , Arnold Rachel , Edwin Van Teijlingen
Published: May 2023

Background: The importance of management capacity in the health sector has been increasingly recognized. After decades of conflict one of the main obstacles facing the Afghan health system was the limited ‘management/leadership capacity.’ To effectively build capacity it is important to understand the underlying issues.
Methods: A mixed-methods study, conducted in 2017/18, before the Taliban takeover, was carried out in all directorates of the Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) to explore the management/leadership capacity. Interviews were conducted with 12 staff; data were analyzed thematically. A quantitative survey was also conducted covering directors of 30 departments, it was analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: Our research identified four main factors in the MoPH affecting management and leadership capacity; insufficient support, uncoordinated capacity building, political and socio-cultural issues, and lack of transparency/accountability. This paper focuses on one aspect - the perceptions of the MoPH employees about the impact of political/socio-cultural issues on capacity. Overall, management capacity was weak. Key appointments including directors were subject to political interference and many directors appointed by politicians lacked the required management skills. Consequently, those directors were not able to support employees appropriately or to create a healthy work environment. Overall, there were strong socio-cultural influences such as nepotism and favoritism. Due to these problems employees believed they were not treated consistently or fairly. This was compounded by overly complex administrative systems.
Conclusion: Being able to strengthen management and leadership capacity in the Afghan health system depends largely on the implementation of (existing) anti-corruption strategies.
Sociodemographic factors associated with knowledge and practice on cervical cancer among female residents of Herat, Afghanistan: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Qanawizada Laila , Ahmadi Mahsa
Published: May 2023

Background: According to the World Health Organization, cervical cancer is the “fourth most common cancer in women”; around 311,000 women globally lost their lives to cervical cancer in 2018. The purpose of the current study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of women in Afghanistan regarding cervical cancer.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 to November 2022 among female residents aged at least 10 years old living in Herat province of Afghanistan. A total of 1000 female in Herat were asked, and about 441 agreed to participate in this study (response rate=44.1%).
Results: One-fifth of the participants were adolescents and were 10-17 years old (20%). Almost three out of four participants had no education (73.0%). Less than one-third of the participants were single (30.4%). Almost half of the participants had low knowledge on cervical cancer. Participants residency, occupation, and monthly family income were significantly associated with knowledge of cervical cancer.
Conclusion: The observations here have shown there is space for development surrounding knowledge and practices about cervical cancer. The study sample have demonstrated that the participation of healthcare providers and organizations on awareness of people about cervical cancer was low compared to other sources of information. What underscores these aspects of shortcomings in health information and practices is the disparities in residency, employment, and monthly family income among women.
ASOCIACIÓN ENTRE CULTIVOS DE CACAO (Theobroma cacao L.) Y VAINILLA (Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews) EN UN SISTEMA AGROFORESTAL EN COMALCALCO, TABASCO
Authors: López Juárez Sergio Alexander , Hipólito Romero Enrique , Cerdán Cabrera Carlos Roberto , Ortiz Ceballos Gustavo Celestino , Reyes López Delfino
Published: May 2023

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) and vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews) are considered vegetal crops with great economical, social and cultural importance for the families of mexican tropics. However, in recent years the production of these crops has considerably decreased. Faced with this situation, determining the feasibility of combined cultivation of both species may represent an alternative to improve farmers profitability. Through this work, farming alternatives are proposed with different treatments such as cocoa and vanilla. We evaluated 60 cocoa plants and 80 vanilla cuttings, divided into five treatments: cocoa and vanilla with no-interaction (Tc), vanilla on cocoa” (Vp/Tc), cocoa and vanilla using an inert tutor at a distance of one meter (Tc-Vp1m), cocoa and vanilla using an inert tutor at a distance of two meters “(Tc-Vp2m) and; vanilla using an inert tutor without cocoa interaction (Vp); each with five repetitions. For cocoa trees, Diameter at Breast Height (DBD1.5), total tree height, stem height, diameter and crown area were recorded. The same parameters were used to characterize associated trees. Subsequently, before and after establishing the vanilla crop in the agroforestry system, the amount of cocoa fruits was registered. Also, length and thickness of cuttings, number and length of sprouts (LB) and number of knots and leaves´ length were measured for this plant. Measurements were performed four times with an interval of 60 days starting at the time of establishing the vanilla. Non-significant statistical differences in cocoa production were observed. In contrast, the vegetative development variables of vanilla showed better adaptation regarding the vanilla treatment on cocoa (Vp/Tc), showing significant statistical differences (P≤0,05) when comparing LE, NN, NH and LB treatments. It is concluded that cocoa production is not affected when tutoring vanilla. In addition, the cocoa tutor provided good conditions for optimal vegetative development of vanilla.
TROPICAL LEGUMES AS IMPROVERS OF RANGELAND AND AGRICULTURAL SOILS
Authors: Vazquez Luna Dinora , Lara-Rodríguez Daniel Alejandro , Jarquín Sánchez Aarón , Díaz Prieto Luis Alonso , Velázquez Silvestre María Gisela
Published: May 2023

Legumes have been used for their nitrogen fixation properties; however, farmers in tropical countries they do not usually use them, because they do not appreciate visible improvement in the soil. The aim of this paper was to analyse the effect of three tropical legumes (Phaseolus vulgaris, Canavalia ensiformis and Clitoria ternatea) on growth promoting microorganisms [Free Life Nitrogen Fixers Bacteria (FLNFB), Azospirillum sp., Azotobacter sp. and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on the fertility of two rhizospheric soils; one for rangeland use (Ru) and the other for agricultural use (Au). The bioassays were established under a completely randomized design with three replicates per species. The evaluated soil properties were pH; Organic matter, OM; Total carbon, TC; Total nitrogen, N; Useful Phosphorus, P; Cation Exchange Capacity, CEC; and texture. In rhizospheric soil the populations of FLNFB, Azospirillum sp. and Azotobacter sp.; as well as AMF spores were estimated. The results indicate that Ph. vulgaris was the species that showed lower N fixation in Au soil, but higher P content was found in Ru. Ca. ensiformis and Cl. ternatea had higher N fixation, increased CEC, OM and TC. Clitoria ternatea favored the accumulation of OM and TC, promoting CEC, pH and the AMF population. Canavalia ensiformis was the only species to promote differentiated development of Azospirillum sp. and Azotobacter sp. in Ru, showing higher populations with this legume. Therefore, it is recommended that these data can be considered for the conservation of tropical species, both legumes and native microorganisms.
APPROXIMATION TO THE ORIGIN OF FALSE MILDEW IN SAFFLOWER
Authors: Quintana-Obregón Eber , San Martín-Hernández Cesar
Published: May 2023

An approximation of the origin of the “false mildew” in safflower was proposed from a phylogenetic tree obtained by the Maximum Likelihood method with the genomic alignment of a nucleotide sequence of Ramularia cercosporelloides isolated from safflower lesions. The approximation is the origin of the disease known as "false mildew" in the safflower may be due to new host adaptations of Mycosphaerella graminicola.
ANÁLISIS DE CICLO DE VIDA DE TRES SISTEMAS GANADEROS TROPICALES EN CAMPECHE, MÉXICO: CASO DE ESTUDIO
Authors: Molina-Rivera Maribel , Olea-Perez Rafael , Galindo-Maldonado Francisco Aurelio , Arriaga-Jordán Carlos Manuel
Published: May 2023

The cattle raising is mainly developed in pastures and secondary forest (named: acahuales) in Campeche, and recently silvopastoral systems have been also fostered in this region. These grazing systems were evaluated to determine their role to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (eGEI) in tropical livestock systems. The study was carried out using a “door to door” life-cycle assessment (LCA) of cow-calve (UPPc) and dual-purpose (UPPdp) units. The functional unit was one kilogram of live weight adjusted for protein content (kgPV-eq). The eGEI were not different among grazing systems due to their similarities in productivity and the origin of dry matter in diet. However, when eGEI of the UPPc and UPPdp were compared, these were different (P <0.01), due to productivity per hectare of UPPdp was greater than the UPPc. Something similar occurred for land use, where the UPPdp needed less area than the UPPc, since milk almost twofold the total functional unit production. In this study, productivity had a great influence on the reduction of eGEI, but the grazing system did not make difference. The LCA was useful to objectively evaluate the livestock systems in Campeche and detect key points on eGEI reduction and farm productivity.
RESPUESTA AGRO PRODUCTIVA DE NUEVAS VARIEDADES DE Cenchrus purpureus
Authors: Arias Pérez Ramón Crucito , Reyes Pérez Juan José , Ledea Rodríguez José Leonardo , Benítez Jímenez Diocles Guillermo , Ray Ramírez Jorge Valentín , Hernández Montiel Luis Guillermo
Published: May 2023

With the objective of evaluating the agro productive behavior of new varieties of Cenchrus purpureus (CT-601, CT-603, CT-605, CT-608, CT-609 and CT-115 as control) in different ages of regrowth (60, 90, 120, 150 days) in the rainy season, a study was developed in a random block design in factorial arrangement and interaction of the factors (6×4) in the productive and agronomic variables. The highest (P≤0,001) yield of Green Matter at 120 days of age was observed in CT-605 (22,8tha-1), similar behavior for dry matter yield (5,41tha-1 DM) for variety and age, for this last variable no differences were observed with respect to control within different ages. The highest height of the plant was observed at 150 days in the variety CT-608 (110,7cm), this variable did not show significant differences with respect to the control (93,36cm), the width of the leaf was favored in all the varieties at the age of 120 days and in the rest of the ages no significant differences were observed (P≥0,001). The variables, number of nodes, leaf length, stem thickness and internode quarter length were not affected by the second degree interaction. It is concluded that the new varieties in the rainy season of the Cauto Valley show a favorable productive response that resembles the CUBA CT-115 parent. Its use is recommended between 90 and 120 days of regrowth. The new varieties in the rainy season of Valle del Cauto show a productive response of DM that ranges between 1.01 and 5.41 t ha-1, with marked differences between the ages and varieties that become uniform after 120 days. All are potential forage producers in the conditions of Valle del Cauto, Cuba.
ACTIVIDAD BIOLÓGICA DE PRODUCTOS DERIVADOS DE PLANTAS EN MOSQUITA BLANCA (Bemisia tabaci) Y SU PARASITOIDE Encarsia formosa
Authors: Pérez-Verdugo Ori , Ruiz-Sánchez Esau , Gamboa-Angulo Marcela , Latournerie-Moreno Luis , Fernández-Concha German Carnevali , Cua-Basulto Marcos , Chan-Cupul Wilberth
Published: May 2023

The goal of this research was to evaluate the activity of aqueous extracts of regional plants and commercial botanical insecticides on the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and its parasitoid (Encarsia formosa). The evaluations of adult repellence (IR) and oviposition deterrence (IDO) were carried out in entomological cages for 48 hours period, whereas the evaluation of suppression of whitefly population density on plants under greenhouse conditions was carried out through the application of treatments for one moth at week intervals. In the first assay all aqueous extracts of regional plants and commercial botanical insecticides were evaluated, whereas in the second assay only treatments with consistent effects on IR and IDO were evaluated. Evaluations in entomological cages showed that plants tretated with the aqueous extracts of Croton itzaeus (stem and leaf) and the botanical insecticides derived from Azadirachta indica and Argemone mexicana, produced high adult repellency and high oviposition deterrence. In greehouse trails, plants treated with aqueous extracts of Erythroxylum confusum (stem) had low population density of adults and nymphs. Plants treated with the botanical insecticides derived from Allium-Capsicum-Cinnamomum had significantly lower population density of adults, but not of nymphs or eggs. The botanical insecticides derived from A. indica and A. mexicana caused high mortality on the parasitoid E. formosa.
INTEGRAL USE OF HENEQUEN (Agave fourcroydes): APPLICATIONS AND TRENDS–A REVIEW
Authors: Trujillo-Ramírez Daniel , Bustos-Vázquez Ma. Guadalupe , Martínez-Velasco Alejandro , Torres-de los Santos Rodolfo
Published: May 2023

Background. The Conventional use of henequen (Agave fourcroydes), has mainly focused on the use of the leaves for the production of fiber. However, there are other components such as the stem (“pineapple”), the spines, and the by-product of fiber generation (leaf juice) in which we should pay attention to. Objective. To provide a systematic analysis of the biotechnological overview from those investigations where the potential of each of the structural components of A. fourcroydes is being studied. Methodology. A systematic review of the literature was carried out, based on the PRISMA protocol (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses), search for information was carried out in the most prominent databases (Redalyc, SciELO, Scopus, Elsevier, EBSCO, and Google Academic, using A. fourcroydes as the main keyword, using inclusion and later exclusion criteria according to the literature found, in the period from 1990 to 2022, which allowed a broader perspective on this crop and its biotechnological importance. Main findings. In the bibliographic review more information was found on the applications of the plant in an integral way, so that bioactive compounds such as fructans, flavonoids, and sterols can be obtained from the henequen stem, which can be incorporated into animal and human diets, while ethanol has been obtained from the juice of the leaves and the development of that of new materials using the fiber in a native and modified way to obtain fiber-reinforced mortars for its sustainable application in the construction industry. On the other hand, contributions were found on promising alternatives for the use of crops such as modified fibers, and combined with other compounds (composites) for the mechanical reinforcement of new materials. Implications. The literature consulted allows us to report that henequen (A. fourcroydes) is not only cultivated in the Yucatan Peninsula, but also in other regions such as the State of Tamaulipas, Mexico, where its use and commercial exploitation has not well documented. Conclusion. The bibliographical review allows us to deduce that the obtaining of new henequen compounds would revalue their integral use and use in different industries.
EVALUATING THE CORRELATION OF PLOIDY LEVEL, LEAF SIZE, STOMATA CHARACTERISTICS AND TUBER WEIGHT IN Dioscorea spp. POPULATIONS FROM JALISCO, MÉXICO
Authors: Castañeda-Nava José Juvencio , Santacruz-Ruvalcaba Fernando , Barba-González Rodrigo , Sánchez González José De Jesús , De la Cruz Larios Lino
Published: May 2023

Background. “Camote de cerro” (Dioscorea spp.) is a plant of great importance in West rural areas of Mexico as food source and alternative medicine. Dioscorea is an important crop around the world for its carbohydrate contribution to diets. Yams are polyploid plants, and species with modifications at ploidy level also present changes in leaf size and stomata characteristics. These variations can favor resistance to adverse conditions. Objective. In the present study, evaluation and correlation of ploidy levels, leaf size, stomata characteristics and tuber weight were carried out for Dioscorea remotiflora Kunth and Dioscorea sparsiflora Hemsley in accessions obtained from 11 localities in México. Methodology. Chromosome counting was carried out in root meristems. Measuring and counting stomata were carried out. Productivity rate (PR) was calculated dividing harvested tuber weight over seed tuber weight, for each experimental unit. Leaves width and length were measured. Results. Show that variation is higher among different localities than among specimens from the same locality. Significant differences were observed for, ploidy levels (P), stomata dimensions and number of chloroplasts in stomata. Differences in chloroplast numbers present in occlusive cells were also significant for different species. Implications. Ploidy level showed a relation with chloroplasts numbers in stomata and stomata width. Leaf size presented a relation with stomata dimensions, and leaf width showed a relation with tuber weight. Conclusions. These observations allowed us to determine that there are variation among populations; stomata width and chloroplast number in a population can help to determine ploidy levels, and leaf width is a response variable that allows to predict tuber weight.
LA MULTIFUNCIONALIDAD DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES ASOCIATIVAS RURALES
Authors: Ramírez Gómez Carlos Julián
Published: May 2023

Background. Rural associative organizations (RAOs) have been considered as key actors for rural and agricultural development. In fact, the RAOs are characterized by their flexibility, since they can perform various functions in rural territories that can be economic, productive, political, social and environmental. Objective. This study used a literature review in order to determine the multifunctionality of RAOs based on the typification of organizational models, through a qualitative process of grouping categories and variables, in order to enrich theoretical conceptualization and future research analysis. Methodology. A systematic study of the literature was carried out in the global databases: ScienceDirect, Elsevier, EBSCO, SCOPUS, Springer, Wiley and Google Scholar, Scielo and REDALYC, using as key search terms in both Spanish and English: rural associativity, associativity rural cooperative, rural associative enterprises, dimensions of associativity, agrarian associations, associative forms and family farming, associativity and public policies, producer organizations, associativity and chains. Results. The study made it possible to determine four multifunctional models of RAOs: (i) Associative model as an intermediary in innovation; (ii) Rural agribusiness associative model; (iii) Associative model promoting leadership and empowerment; (iv) Associative model for local agri-food supply. Implications. The RAOs models proposed in this study are framed within key strategic functions that can be used to promote associativity in relation to the specific needs of the territories. This has implications for public policy at the local and micro-regional level. Conclusions. Despite the existence of extensive contributions on rural associativity generating various study frameworks, the state of the art and systematic and critical analysis allowed the grouping of four multifunctional models of RAOs. Each associative model pursues different purposes that, of course, can be transversal, but which are limited to specific strategic functions to promote different initiatives in the context of local rural development, as well as for the design of public policies with a territorial approach, within the framework of the availability of association capabilities and public-private institutions.
IDENTIFICACIÓN MORFOLÓGICA Y CRÍA DEL ÁFIDO Toxoptera aurantii BOYER DE FONSCOLOMBE (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) EN INVERNADERO
Authors: Atencio Valdespino Randy , Herrera-Vasquez Jose Angel , Higuera-Gomez Marta , Vasquez-Osorio Alex , Moreno-Perez Edgar
Published: May 2023

Background. Aphids are one of the insect groups with the greatest impact on agricultural production. They affect a wide range of hosts, including fruit trees such as citrus. Objective.  Identify the main morphological characters and evaluate a rearing protocol for the aphid Toxoptera aurantii Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in a room-temperature in protected environment. Methodology. Specimens were collected from citrus trees in production in the province of Coclé, infested branches were cut and placed in plastic containers for transport. Insects were separated for identification through micro slides, observed under a microscope and identified using taxonomic reference keys. Four treatments were established with mucuna (Mucuna pruriens [L.] DC.), canavalia (Canavalia ensiformis [L.] DC.), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and orange jasmine (Murraya paniculata [L.] Jack) as host plants. Abundance was evaluated at 2 and 14 DAI. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance. For each treatment, 30 plants were used, and five aphids of different stages (two adults and three nymphs) were released on each plant. Plants were evaluated from 0 to 14 DAI (Days after infestation). Insect abundance was evaluated at 2 and 14 DAI. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance. Results. The morphological determinant characters of the species T. aurantii were identified. Statistically significant differences were observed between treatments (p<0.05) at 2 and 14 DAI, where the host plant that highlighted was the orange jasmine with an average of 51.5 ± 55.95 specimens per plant at 14 DAI. Implications. This research implies the importance of identifying the aphid species and determining a plant that meets feeding preferences for aphid breeding. Conclusions. The use of orange jasmine at room temperature in greenhouses allows the establishment of offspring of the aphid T. aurantii 10.3 times greater than the initial population in periods of 14 DAI.
A Study of the Sequential Environments of Turn-Initial “Laughter”—A Conversation Analytic Approach
Authors: Guo Xu
Published: May 2023

“Laughter” is a common language in human society. The “laughter” in the turn-initial position is a special one, which is of great significance for analyzing the social action of the whole turn. Using the method of conversation analysis, this paper explores the sequential environments of “laughter” which is in the turn-initial position of the daily Chinese communication. This analysis finds that “laughter” in the turn-initial position often appears in the following three sequential environments: after the previous speaker’s self-deprecating; the current speaker complains to the listener about the listener or third party; after the previous speaker has stated the difficulty he or she is facing in his or her turn.
The Activity of Some Antibiotics Depend on Stereochemistry of Them (Its Structure)
Authors: Ayyad Rezk R. , Nejm Ahmed M. , Ayyad Ahmed R
Published: May 2023

The chiral carbon in biological compounds lead to its activity, for example, the beta lactam ring contains two carbon centers carbon number three and carbon number four both are chiral carbon. This chirality plays important role in the activity and bind with structures activity relationship. Also the ofloxacin act on topoisomerase which required for protein Synthesis of microorganism, the ofloxacin when become Levo isomer not only racemic mixture the activity is more than the racemic or Dextro isomer. Also, the old Antibiotics Chloramphenicol the RR’ isomers only active not the other isomers of Chloramphenicol.
Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation of Intersections Controlled by Signals Based on Stochastic Frontiers
Authors: Feng Shaochen , Jia Zhixuan
Published: May 2023

As an important part of urban road traffic system, signal-controlled intersection has become one of the hot spots in urban road traffic research due to its geographical location and complex operation state. Due to the current goals and means of the optimal design of intersections are not clear enough, the intersection has not played a full role, and eventually the traffic efficiency is not high, congestion not only does not decrease but increases, but also leads to a high proportion of traffic accidents, hindering social economic development. In order to establish an evaluation system for signal-controlled intersections, this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation index of signal-controlled intersections with traffic efficiency, safety and environment, and establishes an evaluation method for signal-controlled intersections based on stochastic frontier analysis. Finally, an example is used to verify that the method is feasible.
KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH INDONESIA DALAM IMPOR BERAS TAHUN 2021
Authors: Ari Pamungkas Bagaskara , H. J. De Fretes Christian , Hergianasari Putri
Published: May 2023

Pada tahun 2021, pemerintah Indonesia mengambil kebijakan import beras sebagai upaya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan nasional dan mengatasi potensi krisis pangan di tengah pandemi Covid-19. Namun kebijakan import beras diterapkan oleh pemerintah Indonesia memiliki beberapa kendala dan tantangan yang harus dihadapai. Artikel ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Menggunakan teori realisme dan konsep kepentingan nasional. Dalam artikel ini dijelaskan bahwa kebijakan import beras yang diterapkan oleh pemerintah Indonesia di tahun 2021 cukup kontroversial. Meskipun kebijakan tersebut dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pangan nasional dan mengurangi harga beras di pasaran, namun disisi lain kebijakan tersebut dapat mengancam keberlangsungan petani lokal yang sebelumnya telah mengalami kesulitan dalam memasarkan hasil panen mereka akibat pandemi Covid-19. Kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia dalam keputusannya dalam Impor beras tahun 2021 ini didasari oleh beberapa hal, yakni didasarkan oleh peningkatan permintaan beras dalam negara. Lalu adanya kekurangan dalam produksi beras di Indonesia. Kemudian, dibutuhkannya stabilisasi harga komoditi beras dalam negara. Kebijakan pemeritah Indonesia yang terakhir adalah untuk peningkatan kesejahteraan petani Indonesia.