bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety evaluation for bridge crane based on FTA and AHP
Authors: Fei Shuai , Li Xiangdong , Fan Yali
Published: September 2018

Starting from the development status of the lifting machinery industry, this paper analyzes the data about safety accidents of bridge cranes, and identifies the assessment indicators affecting the safety performance of bridge cranes based on fault tree analysis (FTA), including fatigue factors, human factors, environmental factors, and management factors. Then, the weights of safety evaluation indicators are determined based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Finally, the safety evaluation system is established and demonstrated with use case diagram and role flow chart.
Investigation on Damping Capacities of Spherical Mg2Si Magnesium Matrix Composites Prepared by Super-Gravity Method
Authors: Wang Yun-si , Niu Rui-long , Yan Fang-jia , Duan Dong-ping , Yang Xue-min
Published: September 2018

Due to inherent high damping capacities of Mg, Mg-based alloys or composites can absorb enormous elastic energy, thus, can be used as damping materials playing important role in reducing vibration and noise. Spherical Mg2Si magnesium matrix composites were prepared by super-gravity method with fly ash floating beads with particle sizes of 80, 125 and 500 μm. The microstructures and damping capacities of prepared samples were discussed. Spherical and fragment-shaped Mg2Si phases were observed in the matrix by SEM micrograph. Increasing particle size of fly ash floating beads can lead to an obviously decreasing tendency of internal friction tan φ. The critical strain εcr=1.9×10−2 of ε – tan φ curve and critical temperature Tcr=150 °C of T – tan φ curve for tan φ changing from slowly to greatly increasing. Damping peaks occur in the vicinity of strain ε=5.2×10−2 in ε –tan φ curve whereas no damping peaks occur in T –tan φ curve.
Laser Micromilling Technology as a Key for Rapid Prototyping SMD ceramic MEMS devices
Authors: Samotaev Nikolay , Oblov Konstantin , Ivanova Anastasia
Published: September 2018

The flexible laser micromilling technology for ceramic MEMS producing of microhotplate in the surface mounted device (SMD) package for the metal oxide (MOX) gas sensors is describing. There are discusses technological and economic aspects of small-scale production of gas MOX sensors in comparison with classical clean room technologies using for mass production MEMS devices. The main technical factors affecting on using MOX sensors in various applications are presented. Current results demonstrate that using described technology possible to manufacturing all parts of MOX gas sensor in the SMD form-factor SOT-23 package type.
Horizontal welding quality control of the CO2 gas shielded welding
Authors: Wang Zhi-ling
Published: September 2018

In the process of horizontal butt welding of CO2 gas shielded welding, the molten metal will squat under the effect of its own weight. Therefore, the upper part of the weld seam is very easy to produce undercuts, and the lower part is prone to defects such as welding and unwelding. If the problem is serious, it will cause welding. Seam cannot pass the weld quality test. This article is based on the welding skill training topic “CO2 gas shielded welding transverse welding”. Through trial and error of preparations before welding, selection of welding process parameters, and welding operation process, Weld seam quality is well controlled, weld seams are beautifully formed, and relevant experience is promoted in practical training.
Comparing fast inductive tempering and conventional tempering: Effects on microstructure and mechanical properties
Authors: Eggbauer Vieweg Annika , Ressel Gerald , Raninger Peter , Prevedel Petri , Marsoner Stefan , Ebner Reinhold
Published: September 2018

Induction heating processes are of rising interest within the heat treating industry. Using inductive tempering, a lot of production time can be saved compared to a conventional tempering treatment. However, it is not completely understood how fast inductive processes influence the quenched and tempered microstructure and the corresponding mechanical properties. The aim of this work is to highlight differences between inductive and conventional tempering processes and to suggest a possible processing route which results in optimized microstructures, as well as desirable mechanical properties. Therefore, the present work evaluates the influencing factors of high heating rates to tempering temperatures on the microstructure as well as hardness and Charpy impact energy. To this end, after quenching a 50CrMo4 steel three different induction tempering processes are carried out and the resulting properties are subsequently compared to a conventional tempering process. The results indicate that notch impact energy raises with increasing heating rates to tempering when realizing the same hardness of the samples. The positive effect of high heating rate on toughness is traced back to smaller carbide sizes, as well as smaller carbide spacing and more uniform carbide distribution over the sample.
Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Superficial Femoral Artery (SFA) Characterized with Velocity Ratios using Vector Velocity Ultrasound
Authors: Hansen Peter , Hansen Kristoffer , Pedersen Mads , Lange Theis , Lönn Lars , Jensen Jørgen , Nielsen Michael
Published: September 2018

Purpose Atherosclerotic arteries are challenging to evaluate quantitatively using spectral Doppler ultrasound because of the turbulent flow conditions that occur in relation to the atherosclerotic stenoses. Vector velocity ultrasound is angle independent and provides flow information, which could potentially improve the diagnosis of arterial stenoses. The purpose of the study is to distinguish significant stenoses in the superficial femoral artery (> 50% diameter reduction) from non-significant stenoses based on velocity ratios derived from the commercially available vector velocity ultrasound technique Vector Flow Imaging (VFI).

Materials and Methods Velocity ratios (intrastenotic blood flow velocity divided by pre- or poststenotic velocity) from a total of 16 atherosclerotic stenoses and plaques in the superficial femoral artery of 11 patients were obtained using VFI. The stenosis degree, expressed as percentage diameter reduction of the artery, was determined from digital subtraction angiography and compared to the velocity ratios.

Results A velocity ratio of 2.5 was found to distinguish clinically relevant stenoses with>50% diameter reduction from clinically non-relevant stenoses with<50% diameter reduction and the difference was statistically significant.

Conclusion The study indicates that VFI is a potential future tool for the evaluation of arterial stenoses.
Der Substanzkonsum von trans* Personen aus der Minoritätenstressperspektive
Authors: Ott Adrien , Nuñez David
Published: September 2018

Viele trans* Personen sind im bedeutenden Maße Stigmatisierung ausgesetzt und weisen neben einer erhöhten psychischen Belastung einen hohen Substanzkonsum auf. Die Minoritätenstresstheorie verbindet Diskriminierungserfahrungen und psychische Gesundheit von stigmatisierten Minderheiten und kann somit als Erklärungsmodell für den hohen Substanzkonsum von trans* Personen dienen. Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich der Darstellung dieses Zusammenhangs und thematisiert nach einer Einleitung in die trans* Terminologie zunächst den aktuellen Forschungsstand zu Substanzkonsum und Minoritätenstress von trans* Personen. Unter Verwendung der Minoritätenstressperspektive werden schließlich Befunde vorgestellt, welche die Verknüpfung zwischen Stigmatisierung, psychischer Belastung und Substanzkonsum von trans* Personen aufzeigen.
Use of antidepressants in a modern globalized society
Authors: Haslemo T. , Tanum L.
Published: September 2018

Depression is a highly prevalent condition throughout the world. Ethnicity is reported to influence treatment outcome with antidepressants in a number of ways, including both cultural and genetic factors. Non-genetic factors such as the type of diet, beliefs about depression and attitudes towards treatment with antidepressants are proposed to directly influence medication adherence and the rate of remission. Genetic factors are mainly expressed through inter-individual variance in drug metabolism and must be born in mind when antidepressants are prescribed in a multi-ethnic society. Recent advances in molecular biology have revealed substantial variance in the Cytochrome-P450 enzyme system, which is considered to be the most important and relevant factor for ethnic variance in the metabolism. This underscores the usefulness of therapeutic drug monitoring and individualization of treatment in clinical practice. This paper will briefly review factors related to ethnicity that may be of potential importance for treatment outcome and with a special emphasis on the ethnical diversity of cytochrome P-450 enzyme systems.
Duloxetin
Authors: Volz H.-P.
Published: September 2018

Duloxetin ist ein selektiver Serotonin- und Noradrenalin-Wiederaufnahmehemmer (SNRI), der für die Behandlung der Depression, der Generalisierten Angststörung (GAS) und zur Behandlung von Schmerzen bei diabetischer Polyneuropathie bei Erwachsenen zugelassen ist. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit wird die Evidenzlage zum Einsatz dieser Substanz bei den beiden psychiatrischen Indikationen zusammenfassend dargestellt. Neben besonderer Berücksichtigung der Metaanalysen wird auch auf neue Daten zur Wirksamkeit von Duloxetin bei der Rezidivprophylaxe rezidivierender depressiver Störungen und im Rahmen von Schmerzen bei Depressionen und GAS eingegangen.
Nationale und Europäische Programme zur Prävention von Suizidalität
Authors: Kocalevent R.-D. , Hegerl U.
Published: September 2018

Die Anzahl der Suizide gilt als wichtiger Parameter für die Bevölkerungsgesundheit. Suizide und Suizidversuche geschehen mehrheitlich vor dem Hintergrund einer depressiven Erkrankung, die häufig nicht ausreichend behandelt wurde. Ein wichtiges Element von Suizidpräventionsprogrammen sind daher Interventionen mit dem Ziel, die Versorgung depressiv Erkrankter zu verbessern. Seit etwa zehn Jahren gibt es in Deutschland suizidpräventive Programme. Aufbauend auf dem BMBF-geförderten Modellprojekt Nürnberger Bündnis gegen Depression und dessen erfolgreich evaluierten 4-Ebenen-Interventionsansatzes wurden unter dem Dach des Deutschen Bündnis gegen Depression bereits 58 regionale Bündnisse gegen Depression gestartet. Das Deutsche Bündnis gegen Depression kooperiert mit dem Nationalen Suizidpräventionsprogramm, im Rahmen dessen zahlreiche Aktivitäten initiiert werden. Über das EU-geförderte Projekt European Alliance against Depression wurde das in Nürnberg entwickelte Modell inzwischen von zahlreichen Regionen in 17 europäischen Ländern übernommen und weiterentwickelt. Zurzeit erfolgt eine erneute Evaluation und Optimierung im Rahmen des im 7. Rahmenprogramms der EU gefördert Suizidpräventionsprogramm OSPI (Oprimized Suizide Preventing Programmes and their Implementation in Europe).
European Pact for Mental Health and Wellbeing
Authors: Braddick F. , Gabilondo A. , McDaid D. , Lang G. , O’Sullivan C. , Wahlbeck K.
Published: September 2018

Mental health is crucial for public health and prosperity. Yet, mental health was first brought to the EU agenda only in late 1990s. To put mental health firmly on the political agenda, the focus was placed on the positive mental health at a population level. The European Pact for Mental Health and Wellbeing is the most recent mental health policy initiative of the European Commission. It aims at promotion of mental health and prevention of mental disorders, by putting emphasis on five priority areas: prevention of depression and suicide; youth and education; workplace settings; older people; and combating stigma and social exclusion. The Pact calls for co-operation between the EU Member States and the Commission, to identify best practices to tackle the problems in the priority areas and to develop recommendations and action plans. The Pact is currently being implemented by a series of conferences on the priority areas. The European Parliament called for a European Strategy on Mental Health in 2009, but it is unclear whether there is sufficient support for a strategy level document in the Member States and Commission. The implementation process is however expected to culminate in an overall reference framework for promoting mental capital during the Hungarian EU Presidency in 2011. Irrespective of the final outcome, the ongoing process has already increased awareness in Europe of the need for actions to promote mental health.
Weight gain as a consequence of treatment with antipsychotics
Authors: Musil R.
Published: September 2018

Weight gain is a common adverse event following treatment with antipsychotics. Further negative consequences of weight gain are a higher risk for metabolic syndrome or cardiovascular events. All antipsychotics bear this risk for antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG), although to a vastly different extent. Interindividual differences are due to clinical and genetic risk factors such as younger age and lower initial body mass index. The mechanisms of AIWG are not fully understood, although they appear to involve a complex dysregulation and alteration within the control centres for hunger and satiety in the hypothalamus and in peripheral tissue. Through identification of patients at risk for AIWG, close monitoring as proposed by guidelines, as well as additional preventive measures early in the course of treatment such as lifestyle interventions, weight gain can be limited. This may help to ameliorate the metabolic situation of psychiatric patients and eventually improve their overall morbidity.
ADHS im Erwachsenenalter
Authors: Paucke M. , Strauß M.
Published: September 2018

Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) im Erwachsenenalter ist eine häufige psychiatrische Erkrankung, welche bereits im Kindesalter beginnt und bei 40–60% der Betroffenen auch im Erwachsenenalter persistiert. Neben den Kernsymptomen Aufmerksamkeitsstörung, Hyperaktivität und Impulsivität treten bei erwachsenen Betroffenen zusätzlich weitere psychische Symptome wie emotionale Dysregulation, Desorganisation und Schlafstörungen auf. Letztere können sowohl ADHS-assoziiert, als auch im Kontext psychiatrischer Komorbiditäten auftreten und führen nicht selten in unterschiedlichen Lebensbereichen zu schwerwiegenden Funktionsbeeinträchtigungen. Die folgende Arbeit soll einen Überblick über das diagnostische Vorgehen und die therapeutischen Optionen für adulte ADHS Patienten geben.
Pregabalin
Authors: Volz H.-P.
Published: September 2018

Pregabalin ist seit 2006 für die Behandlung der Generalisierten Angststörung (GAS) zugelassen, daneben auch für die Therapie peripherer und zentraler neuropathischer Schmerzen und als Zusatztherapie partieller epileptischer Anfälle. Die Substanz bindet selektiv an die α2δ-Subeinheit des spannungsabhängigen Kalziumkanals, hierdurch wird, sollte sich das System in einem Hyperexzitationszustand befinden, die Freisetzung von Glutamat, Substanz P, Kalzitonin Gen-gesteuerten Peptiden und monoaminergen Transmittern reduziert. Pregabalin wird nahezu nicht metabolisiert und fast ausschließlich unverändert renal eliminiert. Im Bereich der GAS liegen insgesamt sieben Akut- und eine Langzeitstudie vor. In den Akutstudien zeigte sich die Substanz in einem Dosisbereich von 150 bis 600 mg/die Placebo überlegen, wobei die Wirksamkeit ebenso schnell wie unter Benzodiazepinen und schneller als unter Venlafaxin einsetzt. An Nebenwirkungen (dosisabhängig) sind, besonders zu Anfang der Behandlung, Schläfrigkeit und Benommenheit zu nennen. In einer placebokontrollierten Langzeitstudie konnte die Wirksamkeit der Substanz über 6 Monate nach einer erfolgreichen Akutbehandlung gezeigt werden. Somit steht mit Pregabalin eine gut und schnell wirkende Therapieoption mit einem günstigen Nebenwirkungsprofil zur Verfügung.
Improving physical health of people with schizophrenia
Authors: Dragomirecká E. , Kitzlerová E. , Hynková T. , Motlová L. Bankovská
Published: September 2018

Schizophrenia is connected with increased frequency of physical illness and reduced life expectancy compared to general population. Life-style factors, social adversity, poor health knowledge, symptoms of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, treatment effects and stigma are involved. There is evidence that patients recognize the problem, accept interventions when offered, and comply with medical advice. Wellness programmes (specific healthcare programmes) promote healthy lifestyle, screen potential risk factors, prevent social isolation and promote destigmatization.
Konzept eines modularen, sektorübergreifenden Versorgungs- und Vergütungsmodells für die bedarfsorientierte Behandlung psychischer Erkrankungen als Alternative zu PEPP
Authors: von Brederode M. , Gouzoulis-Mayfrank E. , Hionsek D. , Janssen B. , Thewes S. , Wenzel-Jankowski M. , Zielasek J. , Gaebel W.
Published: September 2018

Ausgangslage: Für den Bereich der psychischen Störungen wird ein innovatives Versorgungsmodell zur bedarfsorientierten Behandlung psychischer Erkrankungen (BBPE) vorgestellt, das aus den Kernelementen eines die Versorgung steuernden und koordinierenden Fall-managements, einem die stationäre und ambulante Versorgung integrierenden Community Mental Health Center und leitlinienorientierten Diagnostik- und Behandlungsmodulen besteht. Damit stellt dieses Versorgungsmodell auch eine mögliche Alternative zum derzeit in Entwicklung befindlichen neuen Entgeltsystem für die psychiatrisch-psychosomatisch-psychotherapeutische (PEPP) Versorgung dar. Methodik: Der Gesetzgeber hat über den § 64b SGB V die Voraussetzungen geschaffen, solche innovativen Ansätze im geschützten Rahmen eines Modellvorhabens zwischen Leistungsanbieter und Kostenträger im „Echtbetrieb“ erproben zu können. Innerhalb eines solchen Modellvorhabens bietet es sich an, in einer ersten Entwicklungsstufe die stationären, tagesklinischen und ambulanten Tätigkeiten einer psychiatrischen Klinik in einem Versorgungsbudget zusammenzufassen und die Leistungserbringung und Abrechnung über Behandlungsmodule abzubilden. Diese sind beispielhaft leitlinienbasiert für von einer Schizophrenie Betroffene entwickelt. Ziel: Ziel ist es, die Ergebnisse wissenschaftlich zu evaluieren, um die Grundlagen für eine Ausweitung des Modells auf andere psychische Störungen und eine Implementierung in anderen Regionen zu legen
A Modified Surgical Technique for Minimally Invasive Arthroscopic Total Wrist Fusion
Authors: Nazerani Shahram , Nazerani Tina , Molayem Alireza , Keramati Mohammad
Published: September 2018

Background Arthroscopic total wrist arthrodesis is a procedure with minimal violation of extensor compartments and less scar formation, compared with open wrist arthrodesis. In this paper, we would like to present our experience with a modified surgical technique for arthroscopic total wrist arthrodesis.

Description of Technique After an arthroscopic cartilage removal through radiocarpal and midcarpal portals, the operation is continued under fluoroscopic control. In this technique, four wires are inserted separately in four various directions (as described in the paper), followed by insertion of self-tapping cannulated screw, under fluoroscopic control.

Patients and Methods In this prospective study, a total of four patients underwent arthroscopic total wrist arthrodesis using our surgical technique within a period of 2 years. All four patients were followed for a minimum of 3 months for possible complications and functional outcome.

Results The results were satisfactory, and no complication was observed. All the patients had complete union after 12 weeks, and the fusion was radiographically complete in all cases by 12 weeks. All patients were happy with their functional outcomes.

Conclusion Using the described modified arthroscopic technique, we did four total wrist arthrodeses with minimal scar, no complication and acceptable functional results.
Comparison of Knee Kinematics and Kinetics during Stair Ascent in Single-Radius and Multiradius Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Sumner Bonnie , McCamley John D. , Jacofsky David J. , Jacofsky Marc C.
Published: September 2018

Traditionally total knee arthroplasty (TKA) design has been based on theories of the movement of the healthy knee joint. Currently, there are two competing theories on the flexion/extension axis of rotation of the knee with disparate radii of rotation, and thus differing movement patterns. The purpose of our study was to compare stair ascent kinematics and kinetics of single-radius (SR) and multiradius (MR) TKA subjects. We hypothesized that the knee kinematics and kinetics of SR TKA patients would more closely replicate healthy age matched controls during stair ascent than MR TKA patients, 1 year after TKA. Both patient groups had large improvements in biomechanical and clinical outcome measures following surgical intervention. However, the SR knee design performs closer to healthy controls than MR knees during stair ascent, supporting results that have been previously obtained for level walking. SR TKA subjects demonstrated reduced power production and sagittal moment compared with controls, albeit more than MR TKA subjects. This study demonstrates that patients who receive SR TKA have kinematics more closely aligned to normal patterns postoperatively than those who received an MR TKA. The power production and sagittal moment of the healthy controls most closely match previously published values of younger adults, SR TKA group most closely matches older adults, while the MR TKA group has lower power production and sagittal moments than either previously published age group. This strongly suggests that the biomechanical differences found in this study are evidence of functional deficiencies. Further research is needed to determine how these deficiencies progress with patient aging.
Immediate Implant Placement: Success or Failure?
Authors: Nirola Ashutosh , Bhardwat Shallu
Published: September 2018

Edentulism is most often the result of repeated tooth extraction from combined pathological process and/or dental trauma. Dental implants have emerged to be a highly successful and predictable treatment modality for replacement of missing teeth. Dental implants are the devices that are surgically inserted into the jaw bone to support a single prosthetic tooth and serve as abutments or as cosmetic replacements for missing teeth. Timing of implant placement following tooth removal may be important and this concept has challenged the original treatment protocol. This article aims to present two case reports of immediate placement of implant.
Minor and Major Complications Related to Minimally Invasive Repair of Pectus Excavatum
Authors: Hebra Andre
Published: September 2018

The technique for minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE) has been adopted by most surgeons as the preferred method for treatment of this condition. However, there is limited awareness about the complications related to the procedure. Most importantly, the prevalence and potential for life-threatening complications have frequently been underestimated. The purpose of this communication is to increase awareness of the risk of minor and major (life-threatening) complications, as well as the operative steps and modifications which have been developed to prevent them. One of the most common complications reported in the early series of MIRPE cases was bar displacement, frequently requiring reoperation. Fortunately, technical modifications to the technique have resulted in a decrease in the incidence of such events from 10 to less than 2%. It is important for surgeons to have a good understanding of the potential complications, particularly the major type of complications post-MIRPE and postpectus bar removal. Although rare, the risk of mortality is real and it is the surgeon's responsibility to ensure optimal patient safety when performing this procedure. Factors such as operative technique, patient age, pectus severity and asymmetry, previous chest surgery, and the surgeon's experience play a role in the overall incidence of adverse events. These preventable events can be avoided with proper training, mentoring, and careful patient selection.
Psychotic Disorders in ICD-11
Authors: Zielasek J. , Cleveland H.-R. , Gaebel W.
Published: September 2018

Within the efforts to revise ICD-10, the World Health Organization (WHO) has appointed a disorder-specific Working Group on the Classification of Psychotic Disorders (WGPD). The WGPD has proposed several changes to the classification criteria of schizophrenia and other primary psychotic disorders in order to increase the clinical utility, reliability and validity of the diagnostic classification. The main proposals include changes to the chapter title, the replacement of existing schizophrenia subtypes with symptom specifiers, stricter diagnostic criteria for schizoaffective disorder, a reorganization of the delusional disorders and the acute and transient psychotic disorders, as well as the revision of course specifiers. These proposed revisions are subject to field trials with the aim of studying whether they will lead to an improvement of the classification system in comparison to its previous version. The proposals are compared with revisions of the according DSM-5 chapter. The impact of novel results from neuroscience and genetics on the current proposals is discussed, also with respect to future classification strategies such as the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project.
Primary Health Care and the ICD-11
Authors: Klinkman M. , Goldberg D.
Published: September 2018

This paper describes the necessity of adapting the major classifications of mental disorders exemplified by the ICD-11 and the DSM-5 for the special needs of primary medical care. An earlier version of the classification – the ICD-10-PHC – is described, and the process of adapting it is described in detail. The new 28 item version of the classification is described, and the procedures to be adopted in the Field Trials to be held during 2013 are set out, together with the specific problems these field trials will address.
Long-term mental health care for people with severe mental disorders – the importance of workplace rehabilitation
Authors: Boardman J.
Published: September 2018

Work and meaningful activity have historically played a key role in rehabilitation services for people with severe mental health problems and continues to do so today. People with long-term and severe mental disorders have low rates of employment. In the last 30 years the increasing emphasis on raising the sights of mental health services to focus on personal recovery and the importance given to social justice and to combating social exclusion has led to a focus on gaining open employment. Individual Placement and Support (IPS) has emerged as an important and evidence-based scheme for getting people with severe mental health problems into open employment. Despite the strong and consistent evidence for the effectiveness of IPS, these schemes are not widely implemented. This paper summarises the background to, and research on, IPS and possible barriers to its wider implementation.
Was macht Supported Employment so überlegen?
Authors: Hoffmann H.
Published: September 2018

Mit der Einführung des Supported Employment wurde in der beruflichen Wiedereingliede-rung psychisch beeinträchtigter Menschen in die freie Marktwirtschaft ein Paradigmawechsel vollzogen, der sich in den USA und mittlerweile auch in Europa bewährt hat. Die wissenschaftliche Evidenz ist mittels zahlreicher randomisiert kontrollierter Studien erhärtet, weshalb Supported Employment in den Leitlinien als dem pre-vocational Training überlegen und somit als Methode der Wahl vorbehaltlos empfohlen werden kann. Supported Employment leistet zudem einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur Inklusion und Teilhabe psychisch beeinträchtigter Menschen.

Für eine erfolgreiche Implementierung und Weiterverbreitung im deutschsprachigen Raum braucht es gewisse Adaptionen, einheitliche Qualitätsstandards, Anreize für die Arbeitgeber sowie noch zu verbessernde gesetzliche Grundlagen und Finanzierungsmodelle, die u.a. die unbefristete Begleitung durch einen Job Coach ermöglichen. Letzteres ist ein zentraler Faktor für den nachhaltigen Erfolg des Supported Employments.
Die Organisationsform des Maßregelvollzuges in Nordrhein-Westfalen und ihr Einfluss auf die Praxis der Forensischen Psychiatrie
Authors: Hollweg T. , Saimeh N.
Published: September 2018

Der Maßregelvollzug in Nordrhein-Westfalen in seiner heutigen Form geht auf die Neufassung des Maßregelvollzugsgesetzes von 1999 zurück, nach dem die Aufgabenträgerschaft beim Land liegt. Die Zuständigkeit wird in einem dreistufigen Behördenaufbau abgebildet mit dem Gesundheitsministerium als oberster Aufsichtsbehörde, dem Landesbeauftragten für den Maßregelvollzug und den Landschaftsverbänden als unterer staatlicher Maßregelvollzugsbehörde sowie beliehenen privaten Trägern. Die Struktur ist personalintensiv, fördert nicht unbedingt kurze Kommunikationswege, sorgt aber für eine verlässliche und transparente Organisationsform.
Forensische Gutachten im Strafverfahren
Authors: Wolf T.
Published: September 2018

Forensisch-psychiatrische Gutachten sind im Strafprozess unverzichtbar und beeinflussen die Entscheidung des Gerichts oft maßgeblich. Im rechtlichen Überblick wird gezeigt, in welchen Zusammenhängen solche Gutachten im Strafprozess benötigt werden; ferner sollen die wesentlichen Anforderungen an solche Gutachten, die häufigsten Fehlerquellen aus rechtlicher Sicht und die Folgen solcher Fehler angesprochen werden.
Therapiemängel im Maßregelvollzug
Authors: Kröber H.-L.
Published: September 2018

Der psychiatrische Maßregelvollzug hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten große Fortschritte gemacht im Hinblick auf Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit. Es bleiben aber besondere Schwierigkeiten, die sich aus dem großen Machtgefälle und der langen Absonderung des Patienten von normalen Lebensverhältnissen ergeben. Ein Kernproblem ist die zu lange Behandlungszeit. Ein weiteres Problem ist das Fehlen evidenzbasierter Konzepte in der Einzeltherapie. Es werden dann umschriebene Schwächen wie eingeschränkte Empathie oder Dominanzstreben zu Entlassungshindernissen. Ein wesentlicher Besserungsansatz ist Therapie- Supervision und intensive Weiterbildung der Therapeuten.
NMDA-Rezeptor-Hypofunktion – der Schlüssel zur Pathophysiologie der Schizophrenie?
Authors: Normann C.
Published: September 2018

Die pharmakologische Forschung auf dem Gebiet der Schizophrenie tritt seit einigen Jahren auf der Stelle. Die derzeit verfügbaren Medikamente unterscheiden sich nur geringfügig in ihrem vermuteten Wirkmechanismus und sind in ihrer Effektivität limitiert. Etwa jeder zweite Patient erfüllt keines der Kriterien einer „Recovery“ – ist also dauerhaft weder komplett symptomfrei, noch hat er sein prämorbides Funktionsniveau und eine subjektiv zufriedenstellende Lebensqualität wiedererlangt. Besonders schlecht ist die Prognose bei vorherrschender Negativsymptomatik: dies ist die Krankheitsdimension, die den Patienten nachhaltig in seiner Lebensführung beeinträchtigt. Einer der Gründe für die unbefriedigende Therapiesituation ist sicherlich die noch nicht in allen ihren Facetten verstandene Pathophysiologie der Schizophrenie. Die pharmakologische Forschung hat sich bisher im Wesentlichen auf die Überaktivität des dopaminergen Systems beschränkt. Eine mögliche Zielstruktur für neue Therapieformen könnte der NMDA-Rezeptor im glutamatergen System sein. Denn es wird postuliert, dass die Schizophrenie mit einer Unterfunktion des NMDARezeptors einhergeht. Dies könnte sekundär zu einer Dysregulation der dopaminergen Neurotransmission führen und über eine Hemmung der synaptischen Plastizität kognitive Funktionen beeinträchtigen. Die Funktionsfähigkeit des NMDA-Rezeptors zu verbessern scheint also ein vielversprechendes Konzept zu sein, um die Symptome der Schizophrenie zu mildern.
Entwicklungspsychopathologie psychischer Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Schmid M. , Schmeck K.
Published: September 2018

Eine entwicklungspsychopathologische Perspektive auf die Entstehung und den Verlauf von psychischen Störungen ermöglicht ein tieferes Verständnis für die komplexen Wirkungszusammenhänge, die der Genese von psychischen Störungen in allen Lebensaltern zugrunde liegt. Es werden Ansätze dargestellt, wie die Interaktion von angeborener oder erworbener Vulnerabilität mit akuten und chronischen Belastungen im Lebensumfeld von Kindern und Jugendlichen zur Entstehung von psychischen Störungen beiträgt.
Ethische Leitlinien in der psychiatrischen Forschung
Authors: Helmchen H.
Published: September 2018

Einwilligungsfähigkeit ist eine Grundvoraussetzung der Teilnahme von Patienten als Probanden in Forschungsprojekten. Deshalb ist es erste Pflicht in der psychiatrischen Forschung, die Einwilligungsfähigkeit des Patienten festzustellen.

Die Einwilligung nach Aufklärung sollte aber nicht nur als eine rechtliche Pflicht, sondern auch als eine Chance gesehen werden, eine vertrauensvolle Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung aufzubauen. Dies ist dem Respekt für die Selbstbestimmung und Würde des Patienten geschuldet.

Einwilligungsfähigkeit ist keine allgemeine Eigenschaft, sondern auf die spezifische Intervention bezogen; die Gültigkeit der Einwilligung verlangt, dass der Patient die interventionsbezogene medizinische Information, ihre Tragweite und ihre Konsequenzen versteht sowie deren Bedeutung für sich selbst würdigen kann.

Forschung mit Patienten, denen diese Einwilligungsfähigkeit fehlt, stößt auf ein schwerwiegendes Problem: Es besteht ein ungedeckter Forschungsbedarf bei häufigen schwerwiegenden psychischen Erkrankungen, aber gerade ein erheblicher Anteil von Patienten mit diesen Erkrankungen kann nicht gültig einwilligen. Wesentliche Leitlinien, die sich mit diesem Problem beschäftigen, werden diskutiert.

Psychisch kranke Patienten, die bereit sind, an notwendiger Forschung teilzunehmen, sind eine rare Ressource. Sie muss durch strikte Befolgung ethischer Leitlinien geschützt werden.
Anomalous wavefront manipulation and broadband sound absorption by metasurfaces with periodic subwavelength modulation
Authors: Cai Li , Wen Jihong , Yu Dianlong , Lu Zhimiao , Chen Xing , Zhao Xiang
Published: September 2018

Both periodic subwavelength structures and phase gradient metasurfaces have opened up new degrees of freedom to manipulate the acoustic waves respectively. In this study, a periodic subwavelength structure is introduced into the metasurface to modulate the acoustic surface waves deduced by the phase gradient. Anomalous sound reflection beam steering is observed, as well as significant sound absorption is achieved with deep subwavelength thickness in a broadband frequency range as damping is considered. We comprehensively analyze the joint effect of the phase gradient and subwavelength periodic constraints. A local multiple reflections mechanism is proposed to reveal the underlying physics and the acoustic performances, showing an excellent agreement. Our realization opens a new perspective for the study of acoustic metasurfaces and paves the way for the design of novel devices such as acoustic holograms and broadband acoustic absorbers with deep subwavelength thickness.
Dynamic formation of nanodiamond precursors from the decomposition of carbon suboxide (C3O2) under extreme conditions—A ReaxFF study
Authors: Bidault X. , Pineau N.
Published: September 2018

We use molecular dynamics simulations with the ReaxFF-lg potential to model the high pressure pyrolysis of carbon suboxide (C3O2) in mixture with argon as a pressure bath. We show that the reactive simulations catch the experimental behavior of the low-pressure detonation of C3O2 (around 10 bars in shock tube experiments) and allow extrapolations to the high-pressure range of solid-state explosive detonation (up to 60 GPa). While at low pressure carbonaceous nanostructures are formed through the aggregation of species such as carbon dimers C2, it appears that the high pressure deeply modifies the process, with the aggregation of growing CxOy heterostructures, in which the oxygen amount is driven by the pressure and the temperature. Pressures in the order of 60 GPa lead to high oxygen ratios, which prevent carbon atoms to get four carbon neighbors (the first condition to get a diamond structure). But a pressure lowering leads to a substantial carbon enrichment through CO2/CO release and facilitates the formation of pure sp3-carbon phases where diamond precursors can form. These results give new insights on the conditions leading to nanodiamonds during the detonation of carbon-rich high explosives.
Effect of the dipolar coupling on the precessional magnetization switching in two-dimensional arrays of single-domain nano-ellipses
Authors: Gomes J. C. S. , Toscano D. , Paixão E. L. M. , de Araujo C. I. L. , Sato F. , Dias R. A. , Coura P. Z. , Leonel S. A.
Published: September 2018

Various spintronic devices use single-domain magnetic nanoparticles as unit cells. Herein, we investigated interparticle dipole-dipole interactions in arrays of Permalloy single-domain nano-ellipses through micromagnetic simulations. In this study, the variation is introduced not only to the aspect ratio and the spacing between ellipses but to the magnetization distribution and the 2D lattice type as well. When integrating the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation with zero external magnetic field, equilibrium magnetic configurations were obtained for each array. For small values of the spacing between ellipses, they interact strongly, such that the shape anisotropy is locally modified by the distribution of the magnetization. Moreover, the effect of the dipolar coupling on the precessional magnetization reversal is also studied. The minimum field strength required to switch the magnetization depends on the magnetization distribution in a strongly interacting magnetic system. Consequently, we have assessed the minimum spacing between particles in which single-domain nano-ellipses becomes a non-interacting magnetic system.
Magnetic properties of perpendicularly magnetized [Au/Co/Pd]n thin films and nanostructures with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
Authors: Bouard Chloé , Warin Patrick , Marty Alain , Vila Laurent , Pham Van Tuong , Attané Jean-Philippe
Published: September 2018

Magnetic force microscopy imaging enable to extract the main magnetic parameters (saturation magnetization, anisotropy, domain size, exchange constant). The magnetoresistance and the extraordinary Hall effect of the material have been characterized using nanostructures patterned on the multilayer. Both the magnetization reversal mode and the magnetotransport properties are found to depend strongly on the nanowire width. The relatively low coercive field, the high anisotropy, and the possibility to control domain wall motion in sub-100 nm wires make this system an interesting alternative to Pt-based multilayers for spin-transfer torques experiments.
Verification of Doppler coherence imaging for 2D ion velocity measurements on DIII-D
Authors: Samuell C. M. , Allen S. L. , Meyer W. H. , Isler R. C. , Briesemeister A. , Wilcox R. S. , Lasnier C. J. , Mclean A. G. , Howard J.
Published: September 2018

Coherence Imaging Spectroscopy (CIS) has emerged as a powerful tool for investigating complex ion phenomena in the boundary of magnetically confined plasma devices. The combination of Fourier-transform interferometry and high-resolution fast-framing cameras has made it possible to make sensitive velocity measurements that are also spatially resolved. However, this sensitivity makes the diagnostic vulnerable to environmental effects including thermal drifts, vibration, and magnetic fields that can influence the velocity measurement. Additionally, the ability to provide an absolute calibration for these geometries can be impacted by differences in the light-collection geometry between the plasma and reference light source, spectral impurities, and the presence of thin-films on in-vessel optics. This paper discusses the mitigation of these effects and demonstration that environmental effects result in less than 0.5 km/s error on the DIII-D CIS systems. A diagnostic comparison is used to demonstrate agreement between CIS and traditional spectroscopy once tomographic artifacts are accounted for.
Wind energy harvesting using jet-edge flow oscillations
Authors: Chen Xiaoqian , Sun Bo , Dai Chunliang , Wang Xiangang
Published: September 2018

A novel jet-edge structure for flexible piezoelectric harvester is proposed in this paper which converts wind energy into electrical energy by fluid-induced vibrations. This type of the piezoelectric harvester can be applied to self-powered and auxiliary power supplies for aircraft electronic systems. Here, the operational principle for jet-edge flow oscillations is introduced and a specific example of its application is given in this paper. To study the influence of jet, jet outlet with different sizes and the distance between the cantilever beam and the jet outlet were designed and the operating characteristics were investigated by experiments. Results show that, (1) when the aspect ratio of the jet outlet is less than 8.3, the peak voltage increases with the aspect ratio. (2) With the aspect ratio of 8.3, and the distance between the cantilever beam and jet outlet of 80 mm, the piezoelectric device beam vibrates periodically over the wind speed range of 6 to 14 m/s. (3) The piezoelectric energy harvester (with an optimal load of 2.55 MΩ) could generate a maximum power output of ∼83 μW with a resonant frequency of ∼48 Hz at the wind speed of 14 m/s. These results will be helpful to engineering design for energy harvesting devices.
Magnetocaloric effect and the change from first- to second-order magnetic phase transition in Pr0.7CaxSr0.3-xMnO3 polycrystalline compounds
Authors: Pham Yen , Thanh T. D. , Manh T. V. , Dung N. T. , Shon W. H. , Rhyee J. S. , Kim Dong-Hyun , Yu Seong-Cho
Published: September 2018

The work presents the magnetocaloric effect and critical behavior of monoclinic polycrystalline Pr0.7CaxSr0.3-xMnO3 prepared by solid state reaction. The ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition temperature decreases from 267, 202, 138 to 126 K with increasing doping concentration from x=0 to 0.3. The maximum values of entropy change appear near the transition phase points and were found to be 6.4, 7.2, 3.9 and 4.0 J.kg-1.K-1 with 5 Tesla of field change for x=0-0.3, respectively. However, the shift to the higher temperature side with the increasing field change was observed clearly in sample x=0.1. Besides, the considering magnetic phase transition of samples based on Banerjee’s criterion showed a first-order phase transition in Pr0.7Ca0.1Sr0.2MnO3 (x=0.1) while samples with x=0, x=0.2 and 0.3 exhibited a second-order phase transition.
Ion-implanted silver nanoparticles for metal-enhanced fluorescence
Authors: Iqbal Shahid , Shabaninezhad Masoud , Hatshan Mohammad , Niraula Prashanta M. , Abuhagr Abubaker , Alali Hasna , Guda Ramakrishna , Kayani Asghar
Published: September 2018

Metal Enhanced Fluorescence (MEF) has promising applications in the field of optical displays, bio-sensing and photodynamic therapy. In this work, we exploit the plasmons of embedded silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) fabricated by ion implantation to enhance the fluorescence of Coumarin515 dye (C515) via MEF. Ion Implantation of 70 keV Ag ions in quartz matrix at different fluences was carried out to synthesize Ag nanoparticles inside quartz matrix. The formation of Ag NPs is characterized by the optical absorption measurements and approximate sizes of Ag NPs was obtained from the fitting of the optical absorption spectra with Mie theory calculations. Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) measurement was used to obtain the depth profile and concentration Ag within the substrate. From the RBS results, it was determined that front edge of the layer containing Ag was formed at an average depth of 16 nm below the surface, which closely agreed with Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) calculations. Increase in the size of the NPs is observed as the fluence of the Ag within the substrate is increased. The MEF of drop casted C515 dye was studied using steady-state emission and excitation spectra measurements. Fluorescence enhancement factor ranging from 1.0 to 2.1 with a maximum enhancement for the largest size NP was obtained. The observed MEF was ascribed to a combination of plasmon enhancement with larger nanoparticles and to increased plasmonic hot spots.
Back-end-of-line a-SiOxCy:H dielectrics for resistive memory
Authors: Fan J. , Kapur O. , Huang R. , King S. W. , de Groot C. H. , Jiang L.
Published: September 2018

Resistive switching of W/amorphous (a)-SiOxCy:H/Cu resistive memories incorporating solely native back-end-of-line (BEOL) materials were studied. A-SiC1.1:H, a-SiO0.9C0.7:H, and a-SiO1.5C0.2:H were exploited as switching layers for resistive memories which all show resistive-switching characteristics with ultrahigh ON/OFF ratios in the range of 106 to 1010. Ohmic conduction in the low resistance state is attributed to the formation of Cu conductive filament inside the a-SiOxCy:H switching layer. Rupture of the conductive filament leads to current conduction dominated by Schottky emission through a-SiOxCy:H Schottky contacts. Comparison of the switching characteristics suggests composition of the a-SiOxCy:H has influences on VFORM and VSET, and current conduction mechanisms. These results demonstrate the capability to achieve functional W/a-SiOxCy:H/Cu using entirely BEOL native materials for future embedded resistive memories.
Enhancement of long wavelength preheating in dual-beam laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Li Yeqiu , Wu Rina , Dai Qin , Li Qian , Gong Nan , Sun Chenglin , Men Zhiwei
Published: September 2018

Dual-beam laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is more sensitive than conventional single-pulse LIBS. A combined configuration of Nd:YAG and CW- CO2 lasers is used to improve the emission intensity of LIBS. The plasma of Al sample was observed under CW-CO2 laser and Nd:YAG laser excitation. The enhancement radiation was obtained from dual-beam LIBS rather than single LIBS, which indicated that IR preheating can cause significant enhancement of plasma. The effects of CO2 laser spot size, laser irradiation time and laser power on plasma emission intensity were investigated. And on this basis, the variation of electron temperature and electron density of plasma with delay time is obtained.
Note: New method for high-space-resolving hotspot electron temperature measurements on Shenguang-III prototype
Authors: Ren Kuan , Cao Zhurong , Dong Jianjun , Mu Baozhong , Xie Qing , Li Yaran , Zhang Jiyan , Huang Tianxuan , Yang Jiamin , Wang Feng , Ding Yongkun , Jiang Shaoen
Published: September 2018

High-space-resolving information of hotspot electron temperature is a foundation for further research on physical processes of implosion in inertial confinement fusion. This work proposed a novel high-space-resolving electron temperature detector, which is based on the bremsstrahlung radiation mechanism of the implosion hotspot and uses two-channel Kirkpatrick–Baez microscopes. In this novel detector, an optical quasi-coaxis method was used to eliminate the strong impact of the view field difference on the high space resolution and correctness of the electron temperature diagnosis, and a compound KB microscope method was proposed to reduce the number of spherical reflectors and save space.
A liquid plug moving in an annular pipe—Flow analysis
Authors: Cao Yadi , Li Ri
Published: September 2018

The flow in a liquid plug moving in an annular pipe is analytically solved. The interaction with the two concentric walls of the annular pipe results in two toroidal vortexes within the concentric plug. Focus is put on long plugs with aspect ratio β > 2, which have vortex circulation flow rates and volume ratio independent of the plug length. Based on the analytical results, correlations are derived for the circulation flow rates of the plug and each vortex and for the volume ratio of the two vortexes. Correlations are also developed for evaluating the radial transport of the plug flow. The friction factor for concentric plugs is a function of the aspect ratio and the radius ratio. For very long plugs with β ≫ 1, the friction factor approaches that of the fully developed continuous flow in the annular pipe.