bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demystifying the Dark Web Opioid Trade: Content Analysis on Anonymous Market Listings and Forum Posts
Authors: Li Zhengyi , Du Xiangyu , Liao Xiaojing , Jiang Xiaoqian , Champagne-Langabeer Tiffany
Published: January 2021

Background

Opioid use disorder presents a public health issue afflicting millions across the globe. There is a pressing need to understand the opioid supply chain to gain new insights into the mitigation of opioid use and effectively combat the opioid crisis. The role of anonymous online marketplaces and forums that resemble eBay or Amazon, where anyone can post, browse, and purchase opioid commodities, has become increasingly important in opioid trading. Therefore, a greater understanding of anonymous markets and forums may enable public health officials and other stakeholders to comprehend the scope of the crisis. However, to the best of our knowledge, no large-scale study, which may cross multiple anonymous marketplaces and is cross-sectional, has been conducted to profile the opioid supply chain and unveil characteristics of opioid suppliers, commodities, and transactions.

Objective

We aimed to profile the opioid supply chain in anonymous markets and forums via a large-scale, longitudinal measurement study on anonymous market listings and posts. Toward this, we propose a series of techniques to collect data; identify opioid jargon terms used in the anonymous marketplaces and forums; and profile the opioid commodities, suppliers, and transactions.

Methods

We first conducted a whole-site crawl of anonymous online marketplaces and forums to solicit data. We then developed a suite of opioid domain–specific text mining techniques (eg, opioid jargon detection and opioid trading information retrieval) to recognize information relevant to opioid trading activities (eg, commodities, price, shipping information, and suppliers). Subsequently, we conducted a comprehensive, large-scale, longitudinal study to demystify opioid trading activities in anonymous markets and forums.

Results

A total of 248,359 listings from 10 anonymous online marketplaces and 1,138,961 traces (ie, threads of posts) from 6 underground forums were collected. Among them, we identified 28,106 opioid product listings and 13,508 opioid-related promotional and review forum traces from 5147 unique opioid suppliers’ IDs and 2778 unique opioid buyers’ IDs. Our study characterized opioid suppliers (eg, activeness and cross-market activities), commodities (eg, popular items and their evolution), and transactions (eg, origins and shipping destination) in anonymous marketplaces and forums, which enabled a greater understanding of the underground trading activities involved in international opioid supply and demand.

Conclusions

The results provide insight into opioid trading in the anonymous markets and forums and may prove an effective mitigation data point for illuminating the opioid supply chain.
An Education Framework for Effective Implementation of a Health Information System: Scoping Review
Authors: Jeyakumar Tharshini , McClure Sarah , Lowe Mandy , Hodges Brian , Fur Katharine , Javier-Brozo Mariquita , Tassone Maria , Anderson Melanie , Tripp Tim , Wiljer David
Published: January 2021

Background

To optimize their use of a new Health Information System (HIS), supporting health care providers require effective HIS education. Failure to provide this education can significantly hinder an organization’s HIS implementation and sustainability efforts.

Objective

The aim of this review is to understand the most effective educational strategies and approaches to enable health care providers to optimally use an HIS.

Methods

Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, EBSCO Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and EBSCO Education Resources Information Center were searched to identify relevant papers. Relevant studies were systematically reviewed and analyzed using a qualitative thematic analysis approach.

Results

Of the 3539 studies screened, 17 were included for data extraction. The literature on the most effective approaches to enable health care providers to optimally use an HIS emphasized the importance of investing in engaging and understanding learners in the clinical context, maximizing the transfer of learning to care, and designing continuous and agile evaluation to meet the emerging demands of the clinical environment.

Conclusions

This review supports the advancement of a new HIS learning framework that organizational leaders and educators can use to guide HIS education design and development. Future research should examine how this framework can be translated into practice.
Normative and Procedural Grounds for Legal Liability of a Judge
Authors:   Lviv University of Business and Law, Skoromnyy Yaroslav
Published: January 2021

The article defines the basic principles of formation of normative and procedural grounds of legal responsibility of a judge. It has been found out that bringing a judge to a legal obligation by the regular basis indicates the necessity to enshrine the relevant list of offences in law. It has been determined that getting a judge to legal responsibility on regulatory grounds means committing an illegal action (from an objective point of view), primarily enshrined in the appropriate level of regulatory prohibitions. It has been established that the main essence of the factual basis for bringing a judge to legal responsibility is the action or inaction of a judge which indicates a prohibited legal norm, including offences. It has been found that the essence of the procedural and legal grounds for bringing a judge to legal liability primarily depends on the clarity of the decision of unique bodies that are competent in the field of imposing measures of legal liability on a judge. It has been proved that the procedural conditions for bringing judges to justice today are interrelated with the initiative of proceedings against them. It is determined that the basic principles of bringing judges to justice should be interpreted as objective signs of an act (action or inaction) committed by a judge on illegal grounds, which is the fundamental right that guarantees the victim of offence administration of fair justice is damaged. Researching the critical grounds for bringing a judge to various types of legal liability for committing an offence as prospective in further research in this direction has been suggested.
The Essence and Types of Development of Business Structures
Authors:   Lviv University of Business and Law, Faldyna Volodymyr , Mainka Marcel Kurt ,   Lviv University of Business and Law
Published: January 2021

The development of entrepreneurial activity is one of the main conditions for solving society’s current economic and social problems. The primary requirement for this development is the growth of effective financial and economic activities of business structures. Today, unfortunately, the business environment, especially competition, occurs only in the field of activity of small and medium enterprises, and competition at the level of large enterprises and their associations is distorted due to destructive processes occurring at the industry level. Today it is an urgent task to identify the characteristics of business structures depending on their size. The article studies and classifies business structures depending on their potential of doing business.
A Study on the Comprehensive Comparison between Indigenous Cattle Rustling and Modern Cattle Rustling in West Pokot County, Kenya
Authors:   Kenyatta University, Kimani Andrew Gitau , Masiga Casper ,   Kenyatta University
Published: January 2021

Evidence of change in cattle rustling practice among pastoralist communities worldwide has been noted with globalisation, education, and modernisation, among other factors. However, there is little known about transformation in men and women’s involvement in this practice in the wake of easy accessibility of small and light weapons (SALWs) and breakdown of the traditional leadership and control systems. This paper examined the transformation in cattle rustling practice among the Pokot community in West Pokot county. This study’s target population included adult residents of Pokot community, community elders, opinion leaders, political and administrative leaders, and local and international NGOs dealing with cattle rustling issues in West Pokot county. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit 350 respondents. An unstructured questionnaire, a critical informant interview guide, a focus group discussion guide, and an observation guide were used to collect primary data. Qualitative data collected was analysed using patterns and critical themes of this particular objective. Quantitative data analysis was organised using the SPSS software version 2.0 and analysed using various descriptive statistics. The findings indicated that transformation in cattle rustling had seen a cultural activity for the young people to demonstrate their courage and wit and become a murderous criminal endeavour. The community no longer benefits from cattle rustling, but only a few are driven by greed to reap where they never sow. Illiteracy, poverty, unemployment, community conflicts, possession of firearms and insecurity were identified as the leading causes of cattle rustling. Access to formal education has seen many in the school-going age among the West Pokot get exposed to literacy, which has gradually recorded a positive transformation about its cattle rustling practices. Based on the findings, the paper makes the following recommendations to address the problem of cattle rustling among the people of West Pokot County: Enlightenment on contemporary ways of life; formal education among the Pokot to be advocated for; enhancing Security in West Pokot; opening a platform for peace talk and persuasions and operationalising the Eastern Africa Police Chiefs Cooperation Organisation (EAPCCO) protocol.
Validation of Scientific-Based Physics Learning Modules to Improve Critical Thinking Skills in Dynamic Fluid Materials
Authors:   Institute Pendidikan Nusantara Global, Zaidah Alpi , Mahariyanti Ermila ,   Institute Pendidikan Nusantara Global
Published: January 2021

This study aims to obtain a valid scientific-based physics learning module to improve critical thinking skills in Dynamic Fluid material for high school/MA students. This study uses a research development design and approach or is included in development research. In this study, a scientific-based physics learning module was developed. The development of this module refers to the development of the (4-D model) proposed by Thiagarajan. This model consists of 4 development stages, namely (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). However, this study is only limited to the development stage, namely the validation stage. The validation test is a theoretical validation. Namely, assurance carried out by experts in their fields. The confirmation includes material, media, language, teacher and peer validation. The research results found that the physics-based learning module was scientifically based on improving critical thinking skills in Dynamic Fluid material for high school / MA students, which were developed to meet the validity criteria. In conclusion, the physics-based learning module to improve critical thinking skills in Dynamic Fluid material for high school / MA students is very well developed.
Landholders' Satisfaction with Compulsory Acquisition and Compensation Process in Bauchi, Nigeria
Authors:   Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Adekunle Muhammad Usman , Bello Hadiza Tijjani ,   Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Jibril Samirah Ibrahim ,   Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Idris Ibrahim ,   Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University
Published: January 2021

This research aims to assess Landholder's satisfaction with the compulsory acquisition and compensation process in Bauchi to identify areas of weakness in the process and propose areas of improvement. The study adopted the quantitative approach and data collected through questionnaire survey from 327 landholders affected by the compulsory acquisition and compensation exercise by the Bauchi State Government. The data collected were subjected to descriptive with mean ranking, frequency distribution. The study revealed that landholders were very satisfied before the process of compulsory acquisition, during the process of mandatory purchase, they were also happy. Still, during the compensation process, they were very dissatisfied. It recommended that the Government should make the process of compensation more transparent.
New approach to Somos’s Dedekind eta-function identities of level 6
Authors: Anu Radha D. , Srivatsa Kumar B. R. , Shruthi
Published: January 2021

In the present work, we prove few new Dedekind eta-function identities of level 6 discovered by Somos in two different methods. Also during this process, we give an alternate method to Somos’s Dedekind eta-function identities of level 6 proved by B. R. Srivatsa Kumar et. al. As an application of this, we establish colored partition identities.
Some trapezoid and midpoint type inequalities for newly defined quantum integrals
Authors: Budak Hüseyin
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we first obtain prove two new identities for the quantum integrals. Then we establish Trapezoid and Midpoint type inequalities for quantum integrals defined by Bermudo et al. in [3]. The inequalities in this study generalize some results obtained in earlier works
Diagonal entries of the combined matrix of sign regular matrices of order three
Authors: Gassó Maria T. , Gil Iván , Giménez Isabel , Santana Máximo , Segura Elaine
Published: January 2021

The study of the diagonal entries of the combined matrix of a nonsingular matrix A has been considered by different authors for the classes of M—matrices, positive definite matrices and totally positive (negative) matrices. This problem appears to be difficult as the results have been done only for matrices of order three. In this work, we continue to give the characterization of the diagonal entries of the combined matrix of the remainder sign regular matrices. Thus, the problem is closed for all possible sign regular matrices of order three.
Coronavirus: A Disease of the Haemoglobin? Suggested Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Diedhiou Moustapha , Dieye A. , Makalou D. , Ba E.B. , Fall M.L. , Dia N.M.
Published: January 2021

The pathophysiology of the coronavirus infection is not yet fully understood. Several theories have been developed from the acute respiratory distress syndrome to antiphospholipid antibody syndrome to vascular thrombosis. It is in this context that we propose through brainstorming some proposals for the therapeutic management based on secondary haemoglobin damage by COVID-19. Keywords: coronavirus - haemoglobin - chloroquine - pathophysiology
Epidemioclinical profile and management of post thrombotic syndrome in Antananarivo
Authors: Rajaobelison TSIRIMALALA , Randimbinirina ZAKARIMANANA LUCAS , Rakotorahalahy RNAL , Ravalisoa AML , Rakotoarisoa AJC
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is the most complication of deep vein thrombosis who deserves an early management. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemio-clinical profile and the management of PTS.

Methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study for a period of 6 years from January 2013 to December 2018, performed at the Cardiovascular Surgery Unit in JRA Teaching Hospital Antananarivo, including all patients who presented post-thrombotic syndrome after an acute episode of deep venous thrombosis.

Results: 106 patients were recorded among 315 patients who presented an episode of DVT (33.65%) and 14110 patients admitted in this period (0.75%). The average age was 46.18 years old. There were 30 males (28.30%) and 76 female (71.69%). The most important risk factors of PTS were previous history of varicose veins (50%), sedentary lifestyle (45.28%), insufficiency of anticoagulant therapy (68.86%) and proximal DVT (47.16%). Delayed of diagnosis were greater than or equal to 2 years after an acute DVT in 86 patients (81.13%). The most clinical signs were edema (56.60%) and varicose veins (54.71%). According the Villalta’s score, PTS were mild in 48 patients (45.28%), moderate in 47 patients (44.33%) and severe in 11 patients (10.37%). Management was lifestyles change (45.28%), compression stockings (100%), anticoagulant therapy (100%) and surgical treatment (65.09%).

Conclusion: The frequency of PTS was 33.65% in our study. PTS reduces quality of life of patients, but it can be avoided if the treatments of DVT are adapted.

Keywords: Deep vein thrombosis, Post-thrombotic syndrome, Epidemiology, Management
A Review on Carissa carandas: Traditional Use, Phytochemical Constituents, and Pharmacological properties
Authors: Bhosale Saurabh Vilas , Shete Rajkumar V. , Adak Vishal  S , Murthy Krishna
Published: January 2021

Carissa carandas  l. (Karaunda) is a widely useful food and medicinal plant of India, Plant-based medicines play an important role in all cultures have been indispensable in maintaining health and combating diseases. Owing to the global trend towards better quality of life, there is a great claim for medicinal plants. Carissa carandas  l. plant popularly used as a traditional medicinal plant over thousands of years in the Ayurvedic, Unani, and Homoeopathic system of medicine. The major bioactive elements, which impart the medicinal worth of herbs, are alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and huge amounts of cardiac glycosides, triterpenoids, phenolic compounds, and tannins. Traditionally, the whole plant and its parts were used in the treatment of various ailments. It contains several phytochemical constituents belonging to the terpenoids category. The root is attributed to bitter, stomachic; antidiarrheal, vermifuge, and ant anthelmintic properties. The medicinally unripe fruit is used as an astringent. The ripe fruit is taken as an antiscorbutic and therapy for nausea. The leaf decoction is appreciated in cases of alternating fever, diarrhea, oral inflammation, and earache. Also, Carissa carandas  have showing a extensive range of evidence for its cardiotonic, hepatoprotective, free radical scavenging and xanthine oxidase inhibitory, histamine-releasing, antirheumatic, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticonvulsant activity. A higher gross heat value of this species indicates its higher potential to be used as a good fuel source.

Keywords: Carissa carandas , Phytochemical Constituents, Traditional Use, Pharmacological Properties.
Cost Effective, Efficient and Stability indicating analytical method validation for Ranolazine related by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography in drug substances
Authors: Sharma Pushpendra , Satyanarayana KLV , Sri Hari G.
Published: January 2021

A simple, selective, linear, precise and accurate RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for rapid assay of Ranolazine in drug substances. Isocratic elution at a flow rate of 1.4ml/min was employed on Hypersil BDS C18, 150 x 4.6 mm, 5µm or Equivalent at 40°C column temperature. The mobile phase consisted of Mobile phase-A: Mobile phase-B (55:45) (Disodium hydrogen orthophosphate buffer with pH 7.0 and Acetonitrile). The UV detection wavelength was at 205 nm. Linearity was observed in concentration range of 0.07-0.82 ppm for ranolazine impurity-I and concentration range of 0.07-0.78 ppm for ranolazine impurity-II. The retention time for Ranolazine was 7.6 min. The method was validated for validation parameter like specificity, force degradation, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness as per the ICH guidelines. The proposed method can be successfully applied for the estimation of Ranolazine in pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Keywords: Ranolazine, Method Validation, Drug Substances, HPLC
Synthesized Silver Nanoparticle Loaded Gel of Curcuma Caesia for Effective Treatment of Acne
Authors: Rai Nivedita , Shukla Tarkeshwar P. , Loksh Kavita R. , Karole Sarita
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of our research is to prepare silver nanoparticles from the rhizome extract of Curcuma caesia and develop topical herbal gel formulation for the effective treatment of acne. Methods: In this present study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using hydroalcoholic extract of Curcuma caesia rhizome. Silver nanoparticles loaded gels were evaluated for pH, viscosity, spreadability, in vitro release, estimation of total flavonoids and alkaloid content and antibacterial (propioni bacterium acne) studies. Results: The synthesized silver nanoparticles were stable, spherical shape with average particle size of 220.5 nm. The results obtained in the developed formulation showed no lumps, had uniform color dispersion and were free from any fiber and particle. It was also observed to have easy washablity, good spreadability, pH was found to be 6.58±0.02 and 7.02±0.01 similar to pH of the skin. The antibacterial study of the developed formulation showed inhibitory activity against Propioni bacterium acne. Synthesized silver nanoparticle loaded gel displayed drug release of optimized formulation F3 follows the Higuchi kinetic model, and the mechanism is found to be non Fickian/anomalous according to Korsmeyer–Peppas. Silver nanoparticles effectively inhibited the growth of both microorganism indicating good antibacterial properties. Conclusion: Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Curcuma caesia is a new, green method and not reported yet, as per literature survey done for this project. Successful synthesis and evaluation of silver nanoparticles was proved by the in-vitro study. Keywords: Curcuma caesia, Silver nanoparticles, Propioni bacterium acne, Acne, Flavonoids content, Alkaloid content, Antibacterial.
Acute renal artery thrombosis associated with the use of an oral contraceptive pill
Authors: El-Reshaid Kamel , Al-Bader Shaikha , Markova Zaneta
Published: January 2021

Peripheral, and even visceral, venous thromboembolism is a known complication of oral contraceptive drugs (OCPs) but arterial disease, leading to renal infarction, is rarely reported.  We describe a 36-year-old female patient who presented with sudden left loin pain for 2 days.  Ultrasound examination showed a wedge-shaped echogenic lesion at lateral side of the left kidney.  Computed tomography with contrast showed the area to be avascular and the arteriogram showed abrupt loss of the dorsal branch of left main renal artery, which lacked any deformities, confirming diagnosis of thrombosis-in-situe.  Moreover, the pelvicalyceal system did not show abnormality which ruled out ascending infection.  The patient did not have a family history or laboratory evidence of hypercoagulable disorder. An OCP was the only medication she had received in the previous 3 months. The OCP was discontinued, and the patient was treated with heparin for 3 days then Abixaban for 6 months.  Subsequent CT study with contrast, 3 months later, showed lateral kidney scar.  On follow up; she did not have subsequent thrombotic events up to 1 year. 

Keywords: Abixaban, infarction, Kidney, oral contraceptive, thrombosis.
Assessing the Role of Modern Excipients for Delivery of Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Waheed Abdul , Ghazal Nayela
Published: January 2021

Using the drug delivery approach, we explain the role lipids and polymers perform in the delivery of gold nanoparticles. They were tested alongside drug and polymer compatibility using pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. The collected data demonstrate the production of gold nanoparticles' stability and strong therapeutic effects. We illustrate some of the intriguing categories of targeting systems for the delivery of Au G Nanoparticles that are under development. Polymers containing reactive functional groups to combine targeting binding sites, cell receptors, or drugs are also coated with nanoparticles engineered for biomedical applications. The present review focuses on utilization of modern excipients, lipids, polymers in formulation of delivery systems that can efficiently delivery the gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles have outranged in their use for treating wide health diseases with limited side effects. The next generation medical deliverables are majorly focused on gold nanoparticles.

Keywords: Gold nanoparticles, Lipids, Polymers, Delivery systems, Excipients, Diseases.
Assessment of Modern Excipients in Controlled Delivery of Proteins and Peptides
Authors: Munjulury Venkata Sai Dheeraj , Calico Robertina
Published: January 2021

Polymeric micelles are highly proficient of modulating the function, distribution of drugs in the body, and can overcome biological barriers hence provoked as novel nanomedicine via various formulations. Current review emphasis on application of several polymers, biomaterials, lipids for the preparation of polymeric micelles formed by several molecular interactions between the block co-polymers and encapsulated molecules.  Micellar carriers will be selected on basis of the type of polymer/payload interaction, which includes biological interface focused on the internal chemistry and fabrication of block-co polymers. Several features of these carriers can be manipulated to catering a broad range of drugs through active sensing of body targets. The fine-tuning of their properties in response to particular stimuli, modulating the activity of the loaded drugs at the targeted sites, even at the subcellular level. To end with, the future perspective and impending challenges for polymeric micelles as nanomedicine are elaborated, anticipating prompting further innovations. 

Keywords:  Proteins, Peptides, Co-block Polymers, Lipids, Controlled, Drug Delivery.
The Association of Clinicopathological Features with Metastatic Status in Infiltrative Urothelial Carcinoma of Bladder
Authors: Wahyuni Siska Dwiyantie , Suryanti Sri , Agustina Hasrayati , Hernowo Bethy Suryawathy
Published: January 2021

Background: Infiltrative urothelial carcinoma of bladder is an aggressive variant of bladder carcinoma. Most of the patients in their first encounter with doctors are diagnosed with advanced stages and many has metastasized. Metastasis is a process of malignant tumor cells migrating from its primary tumor location to other organs or sites inside the body via blood circulation or lymphatic system. Metastasis process is responsible for 90% cancer deaths compared to the primary tumor itself, infiltrative urothelial carcinoma of bladder. To reduce mortality, knowledge of the clinicopathological characteristics associated with metastasis is needed. Method: Research material used was clinical data and paraffin block from patients with metastatic and non-metastatic infiltrative urothelial carcinoma of bladder. Clinical data taken from Central Medical Record Installation and Urology Medical Record Installation Padjadjaran University/ Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung, Indonesia. Paraffin blocks were obtained from operations at Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung, Indonesia.Total data sample obtained were 40 samples, 20 samples are metastatic and another 20 are non-metastatic samples. Clinicopathological parameters included in the analysis were age, sex and pathalogical T stage. Result: Pathalogical T stage have associations with metastatic status with significant result with p value=0.035 (p<0.005). Conclusion: Pathalogical T stage was associated with the metastatic status of Infiltrative urothelial carcinoma of bladder and may play important roles during the metastatic process. Thus, it can be used as a predictor factor for the infiltrative urothelial carcinoma of bladder. Keywords: infiltrative urothelial carcinoma of bladder, metastastic, pathalogical T stage
UV SPECTROSCOPY DETERMINATION OF CILAZAPRIL AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE ACTIVE AGENTS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION
Authors: AKTAŞ A. Hakan
Published: January 2021

Background: Antihypertensive and diuretic drugs are widely used in patients to regulate high blood pressure.   Objective of current study was to prepare various cilazapril and hydrochlorothiazide mixtures, to create a matrix effect in the drug and to determine the determination of these active substances in drug samples after optimum conditions.      
Method: In the spectrophotometric method, 100 mgL−1 solutions were prepared in cilazapril, hydrochlorothiazide in methanol + 0.1 m HCL solvent and then mixtures of these solutions were prepared between specific ppm. The absorbance’s of the solvent against the blind were read at 0.1 nm intervals.  After the mixture, tablet (drug) sample was prepared and chemometrics methods were applied to the values obtained by saving the absorbance values.
Results: It was observed that the main component analysis applied as a result of spectrophotometric determination of various mixtures of cilazapril and hydrochlorothiazide used in the study gave correct results. These results were validated using various chemometric parameters.
Conclusion: The proposed chemometric method can be used in routine analysis in industrial laboratories.
                                  
Peer Review History:
Received 7 November  2020; Revised 8 Decembe; Accepted 4 January, Available online 15 January 2021
UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.
Received file:                           Comments of reviewer(s):        
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, alyahawipharm@yahoo.com
Dr. U. S. Mahadeva Rao, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu Malaysia, raousm@gmail.com
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Authors: Mukhlis Maulana
Published: January 2021

In carrying out government functions, local governments are still faced with limited resources, both institutional and personnel. This paper will answer questions about what public policy issues are developing in government institutions (in this case, the extension agency in Pesawaran District) as well as what alternative policy recommendations should be done to address various policy issues in the future. The choice of government institutions in the agricultural sector (including fisheries and forestry) which is supported by two main arguments is not only one of the obligatory functions of the regional government, but also because this sector has proven to be reliable in facing the economic crisis because of the basic livelihoods of the inhabitants of Pesawaran District. Policy research was chosen as the type of research using the interview method and documentation study to obtain primary and secondary data. The results showed that the strategic issues of the institutions in Pesawaran District in general consisted of seven aspects, namely the institutional aspects of extension workers and farmer groups, the quality aspects of the extension workers, the aspects of farmers, the aspects of cooperation, the aspects of infrastructure, the aspects of the implementation of extension, and the aspects of financing. The directives focus mainly on institutional extension workers with the main program for institutional improvement which is compiled on the basis of three references (sources), namely normative sources, regulatory sources, and participatory sources.
State of the Art Simultaneous Bilateral Segmental Mandibular Reconstruction using a Single Fibula Transplant: Discussion of the Surgical Steps
Authors: Hanna Todd , Kraus Dennis
Published: January 2021

During last 22 years the different reports have shown successful using of vascularized single fibular transplant for a simultaneous bilateral segmental mandibular reconstruction. The surgeries were performed in cases of bilateral mandibular defects of different origin: 1) bilateral infected pseudoarthrosis, 2) bilateral squamous cell carcinoma of the mandible, 3) bilateral ossifying fibroma, 4) osteoradionecrosis that caused mandibular defects, and 5) traumatic mandibular defects. We present a case of a 60-year-old patient who was referred to our clinic with osteoradionecrosis of bilateral mandible, which was reconstructed using a single fibula flap. A 6-month follow-up images are presented.
A Qualitative Evaluation of a Non-Thesis Graduate Program of Human Resources Development in Education
Authors: YİLDİRİM-TASTİ Ozlem , YILMAZ Elanur , ENGİN DEMİR Cennet , AKSU Meral
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This study intended to evaluate Human Resources Development in Education program, a non-thesis graduate program offered within the Education Faculty of a public university located in Ankara, based on the perceptions of the stakeholders. Design/Methodology/Approach: In this qualitative evaluation study, the data were collected through a questionnaire, developed by the researchers, and semi-structured individual interviews. The questionnaire was administered to current students (n = 15) and available graduate students (n = 60). Later, a purposeful sampling method was used to select the participants for the interviews. In this regard, volunteer students (n = 5) and graduates (n = 20) of the program were involved in semi-structured individual interviews. The questionnaire was descriptively analyzed and presented in the form of frequencies and percentages. The qualitative data, on the other hand, were content analyzed. In doing so, codes were assigned to meaningful segments, and categories were generated through bringing the codes together which are listed as (1) the factors that affect participants’ preferences to the program; (2) the degree to which participants’ expectations from the program were met; (3) strengths of the program; (4) the difficulties encountered during the program; and (5) the aspects of the program that need improvement.

Findings: The findings reveal that professional development (n = 56) and the reputation of the university (n =56) are ranked among the chief factors affecting the participants’ enrollment in the program. In addition, the participants emphasized that the program was successful in meeting their expectations regarding personal interest (n = 54) and professional development (n = 49). Besides, despite the deficiencies such as internship and evening classes, it was unveiled that the program was found to be successful in equipping the students with the knowledge and skills specified in the field of human resources.

Highlights: The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the revising of the program. Besides, the results are expected to guide the development of similar programs and evaluation of the current programs within higher education institutions. Lastly, future studies might be conducted to reach enhanced findings through interviewing with also employers and conducting observations at workplaces of the students and graduates.
Uma viagem à construção da infância numa perspectiva da psicologia social crítica
Authors: Oliveira Adriana Rosmaninho Caldeira de , Santos Hítalla Fernandes dos
Published: January 2021

Pesquisar sobre a infância tem sido interesse de vários pesquisadores de diversas áreas do conhecimento e de diversas partes do mundo. A infância foi consolidada como tal a partir do século XX, logo, é uma área consideravelmente nova e com inúmeros aspectos que instiga e motiva as pesquisas nesta área. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão de literatura sobre a contextualização da perspectiva da Psicologia Social Crítica da Infância, cujo objetivo principal é buscar no passado as concepções de infância a partir da história mundial, nacional e regional no Amazonas a fim de realizar uma reflexão acerca da pluralidade de infâncias existentes e como esta construção social aconteceu. Ao final desta viagem literária, conclui-se que estamos diante de uma pluralidade de infâncias e que precisamos olhar para cada criança de forma única, respeitando sua individualidade, cultura e história de vida.
Pacto nacional pela alfabetização na idade certa (PNAIC) e seus autores oficiais
Authors: Melo Eliane Pimentel Camillo Barra Nova de , Pezatto João Pedro
Published: January 2021

O texto tem como objetivo discutir a formação dos autores dos vinte textos utilizados nos cursos presenciais de formação continuada de professores alfabetizadores do Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC), 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental, de 2013, primeira versão. Aponta ainda as quarenta e uma universidades parceiras do PNAIC. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e da análise documental, foi observada certa confusão conceitual e tratamento pouco ortodoxo do conteúdo do referido material que ora parece com base em contribuições de teorias construtivistas, ora fundamentado em teóricos de perspectivas histórico-culturais. Apresenta evidências de que tais fatos decorrem do ecletismo institucional das entidades que produziram o material e da diversidade de formação dos autores, 42,88%, menos da metade, não serem graduados em Pedagogia e, um percentual ainda menor, 38,1%, serem doutores em Educação pode ter comprometido a legitimidade de tal autoria e, assim, a qualidade do material oficial.
O adolescente em conflito com a lei e as medidas socioeducativas: de menor a sujeito de direitos
Authors: Carvalho Juliana Maria de Almeida , Sant’ana Izabella Mendes
Published: January 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar e analisar as mudanças ocorridas nas políticas de o atendimento ao adolescente em conflito com a lei ao longo da história do Brasil até a publicação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente em 1990, dando-se atenção especial ao adolescente em privação de liberdade. Para isso, é exposta uma contextualização histórica das políticas de atendimento à infância e à adolescência e são abordadas algumas conquistas do ECA na busca de se assegurar o respeito aos direitos dessa parcela da população, especialmente no que concerne à socioeducação como medida para o adolescente em regime de internação. Discute-se que, apesar dos avanços alcançados, ainda existem desafios em direção à garantia dos direitos dos adolescentes, no que se refere à ressocialização e às condições de vida principalmente frente à intensa desigualdade social existente no país.
Autonomia na educação básica
Authors: Ribeiro Elidia Vicentina de Jesus , Marques Silvio César Moral
Published: January 2021

Este artigo teve como objetivo discutir os elementos que embasam o termo autonomia articulado à legislação da Educação Básica, no que concerne aos aspectos previstos na LDB nº 9394/96, que definiu a Educação Básica nos níveis do Ensino Infantil, Ensino Fundamental e Ensino Médio. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, de cunho qualitativo, tendo como referência a pesquisa resultante da Dissertação de Mestrado, Trabalho e Autonomia: entre as atribuições e caminhos do exercício do supervisor de ensino, concluída em 2018. O artigo parte das discussões sobre autonomia que, embora seja um termo polissêmico, se dá no contexto da atuação dos agentes, ligados em determinada realidade. Busca a articulação quanto aos aspectos legais que se encontram previstos na legislação vigente, promovendo a reflexão a partir das referências de autores com discussões relevantes sobre o assunto. Espera-se que o presente artigo traga contribuições para aqueles que atuam neste nível de ensino.
Formação de professores
Authors: Macedo Isabel de Lourdes , Martins Rosangela Novaes
Published: January 2021

O artigo trata de experiências de formação de professores e gestores do Sistema de Ensino da Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo, nos Conselhos de Educação das Regiões de São José do Rio Preto e Araraquara. Os temas tratados foram subsidiados pelos marcos legais: Resolução SE 76, de 11-11-2008 - Currículo da Disciplina de História do Estado de São Paulo, Lei nº 10.639 / 2003, altera a Lei nº 9.394 / 96, inclui a obrigatória “História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira”, Resolução nº 4, de 17/12/2018 - Base Curricular Comum Nacional (BNCC), Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD), entre outras normas alinhadas aos princípios constitucionais e à Lei de Diretrizes e Base da Educação Nacional - Lei 9.394 / 96. São as práticas dos professores e as contribuições ao sistema de ensino para o fortalecimento das equipes escolares na adoção de estratégias dinâmicas, inclusivas, diversificadas e colaborativas de aprendizagem significativa.
KEMAMPUAN DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK DAUN MURBEI (Morus alba) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Yusril Hidayat Aditya , Selamet Duniaji Agus , Ayu Nocianitri Komang
Published: January 2021

The aim of this research to determine the ability of mulberry leaf extract (Morus alba) to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus. This research used completely Randomized Design with control treatment (without extract) and treatment of mulberry leaf extract concentration of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%. The experiment were repeated 2 times and resulting in 22 experimental units. The data were presented in descriptive statistic with tables, and figure. The results showed that the extract of mulberry leaf inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus with optimal concentration 80% with an average 11.95 mm and strong inhibition categories.