bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Site‐initiated adaptations in the implementation of an evidence‐based inpatient walking program
Authors: Hughes Jaime M. , Choate Ashley L. , Meyer Cassie , Kappler Caitlin B. , Wang Virginia , Allen Kelli D. , Van Houtven Courtney H. , Hastings S. Nicole , Zullig Leah L.
Published: July 2024

Background

There is increasing recognition of the importance of maximizing program‐setting fit in scaling and spreading effective programs. However, in the context of hospital‐based mobility programs, there is limited information on how settings could consider local context and modify program characteristics or implementation activities to enhance fit. To fill this gap, we examined site‐initiated adaptations to STRIDE, a hospital‐based mobility program for older Veterans, at eight Veterans Affairs facilities across the United States.

Methods

STRIDE was implemented at eight hospitals in a stepped‐wedge cluster randomized trial. During the pre‐implementation phase, sites were encouraged to adapt program characteristics to optimize implementation and align with their hospital's resources, needs, and culture. Recommended adaptations included those related to staffing models, marketing, and documentation. To assess the number and types of adaptations, multiple data sources were reviewed, including implementation support notes from site‐level support calls and group‐based learning collaborative sessions. Adaptations were classified based on the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications‐Enhanced (FRAME), including attention to what was adapted, when, why, and by whom. We reviewed the number and types of adaptations across sites that did and did not sustain STRIDE, defined as continued program delivery during the post‐implementation period.

Results

A total of 25 adaptations were reported and classified across seven of the eight sites. Adaptations were reported across five areas: program documentation (n = 13), patient eligibility criteria (n = 5), program enhancements (n = 3), staffing model (n = 2), and marketing and recruitment (n = 2). More than one‐half of adaptations were planned. Adaptations were common in both sustaining and non‐sustaining sites.

Conclusions

Adaptations were common within a program designed with flexible implementation in mind. Identifying common areas of planned and unplanned adaptations within a flexible program such as STRIDE may contribute to more efficient and effective national scaling. Future research should evaluate the relationship between adaptations and program implementation.
Gaps in the coordination of care for people living with dementia
Authors: Kern Lisa M. , Riffin Catherine , Phongtankuel Veerawat , Aucapina Joselyne E. , Banerjee Samprit , Ringel Joanna B. , Tobin Jonathan N. , Fisseha Semhar , Meiri Helena , Bell Sigall K. , Casale Paul N.
Published: July 2024

Background

One‐third of people living with dementia (PLWD) have highly fragmented care (i.e., care spread across many ambulatory providers without a dominant provider). It is unclear whether PLWD with fragmented care and their caregivers perceive gaps in communication among the providers involved and whether any such gaps are perceived as benign inconveniences or as clinically meaningful, leading to adverse events. We sought to determine the frequency of perceived gaps in communication (coordination) among providers and the frequency of self‐reported adverse events attributed to poor coordination.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study in the context of a Medicare accountable care organization (ACO) in New York in 2022–2023. We included PLWD who were attributed to the ACO, had fragmented care in the past year by claims (reversed Bice‐Boxerman Index ≥0.86), and were in a pragmatic clinical trial on care management. We used an existing survey instrument to determine perceptions of care coordination and perceptions of four adverse events (repeat tests, drug–drug interactions, emergency department visits, and hospital admissions). ACO care managers collected data by telephone, using clinical judgment to determine whether each survey respondent was the patient or a caregiver. We used descriptive statistics to summarize results.

Results

Of 167 eligible PLWD, surveys were completed for 97 (58.1%). Of those, 88 (90.7%) reported having >1 ambulatory visit and >1 ambulatory provider and were thus at risk for gaps in care coordination and included in the analysis. Of those, 23 respondents were patients (26.1%) and 64 were caregivers (72.7%), with one respondent's role missing. Overall, 57% of respondents reported a problem (or “gap”) in the coordination of care and, separately, 18% reported an adverse event that they attributed to poor care coordination.

Conclusion

Gaps in coordination of care for PLWD are reported to be very common and often perceived as hazardous.
Deriving material composition of products using life cycle inventory databases
Authors: Amatuni Levon , Steubing Bernhard , Heijungs Reinout , Yamamoto Tales , Mogollón José M.
Published: July 2024

Understanding the detailed material composition of the various industrial and consumer products is essential for implementing efficient recycling practices and policies, conducting material flow analyses, and facilitating a transition toward a circular economy. However, existing data sources are limited in their product and material coverage. Currently, no source or methodology allows such data to be obtained in a relatively uniform, updated, and accessible manner across a diverse range of products. This work presents an approach that allows estimating the material composition of thousands of products using available life cycle inventory (LCI) databases. Methodologically, this is implemented by splitting the physical flows that describe supply chains in LCI databases into “incorporated” and “not incorporated” fractions using an incorporation parameter. Building primarily on existing matrix‐based life cycle assessment calculations, this approach can be used to calculate the material content of products. A generally applicable mathematical model, as well as a ready‐to‐use software, is presented for future practitioners. To demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method, a case study involving three metals and plastic in three consumer goods has been conducted based on the ecoinvent database. Our method delivered accurate material content estimates (i.e., weight fractions of materials in products) with an average relative error of 26% and an absolute error of 1.1% (between our estimates and existing values).
Simian retrovirus transmission in rhesus macaques
Authors: Nham Peter , Halley Bryson , Van Rompay Koen K. A. , Roberts Jeffrey , Yee JoAnn
Published: July 2024

Historically, to generate Simian Retrovirus (SRV) positive control materials, we performed in vivo passage by inoculating uninfected rhesus macaques with whole blood from an SRV‐1 infected (antibody and PCR positive) macaque. However, recent attempts using this approach have failed. This study reports observations and explores why it has become more difficult to transmit SRV via in vivo passage.
Arachidonic acid metabolism regulates the development of retinopathy of prematurity among preterm infants
Authors: Kumar Saurabh , Patnaik Satish , Joshi Manjunath B. , Sharma Neha , Kaur Tarandeep , Jalali Subhadra , Kekunnaya Ramesh , Mahajan Aatish , Chakrabarti Subhabrata , Kaur Inderjeet
Published: July 2024

Extremely preterm infants are at risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), characterized by neovascularization and neuroinflammation leading to blindness. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation is recommended in preterm infants to lower the risk of ROP, however, with no significant improvement in visual acuity. Reasonably, this could be as a result of the non‐consideration of PUFA metabolizing enzymes. We hypothesize that abnormal metabolism of the arachidonic acid (AA) pathway may contribute to severe stages of ROP. The present study investigated the AA‐metabolizing enzymes in ROP pathogenesis by a targeted gene expression analysis of blood (severe ROP = 70, No/Mild = 56), placenta (preterm placenta = 6, full term placenta = 3), and human primary retinal cell cultures and further confirmed at the protein level by performing IHC in sections of ROP retina. The lipid metabolites were identified by LC–MS in the vitreous humor (VH; severe ROP = 15, control = 15). Prostaglandins D2 (p = 0.02), leukotrienes B5 (p = 0.0001), 11,12‐epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (p = 0.01), and lipid‐metabolizing enzymes of the AA pathway such as CYP1B1, CYP2C8, COX2, and ALOX15 were significantly upregulated while EPHX2 was significantly (0.04) downregulated in ROP cases. Genes involved in hypoxic stress, angiogenesis, and apoptosis showed increased expression in ROP. An increase in the metabolic intermediates generated from the AA metabolism pathway further confirmed the role of these enzymes in ROP, while metabolites for EPHX2 activity were low in abundance. Inflammatory lipid intermediates were higher compared to anti‐inflammatory lipids in VH and showed an association with enzyme activity. Both the placenta of preterm infants who developed ROP and hypoxic retinal cultures showed a reduced expression of EPHX2. These findings suggested a strong involvement of EPHX2 in regulating retinal neovascularization and inflammation. The study results underscore the role of arachidonic acid metabolism in the development of ROP and as a potential target for preventing vision loss among preterm‐born infants.

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Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and risk of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Liu Xinyuan , Xue Huiwen , Wirdefeldt Karin , Song Huan , Smedby Karin , Fang Fang , Liu Qianwei
Published: July 2024

Background

Little is known regarding the association between clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and risk of neurodegenerative diseases.

Objective

To estimate the risk of neurodegenerative diseases among individuals with CHIP.

Methods

We conducted a community‐based cohort study based on UK Biobank and used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of any neurodegenerative disease, subtypes of neurodegenerative diseases (including primary neurodegenerative diseases, vascular neurodegenerative diseases, and other neurodegenerative diseases), and specific diagnoses of neurodegenerative diseases (i.e., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [ALS], Alzheimer's disease [AD], and Parkinson's disease [PD]) associated with CHIP.

Results

We identified 14,440 individuals with CHIP and 450,907 individuals without CHIP. Individuals with CHIP had an increased risk of any neurodegenerative disease (HR 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01–1.19). We also observed a statistically significantly increased risk for vascular neurodegenerative diseases (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.05–1.63) and ALS (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.05–2.15). An increased risk was also noted for other neurodegenerative diseases (HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.97–1.32), although not statistically significant. Null association was noted for primary neurodegenerative diseases (HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.96–1.17), AD (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.88–1.23), and PD (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.86–1.21). The risk increase in any neurodegenerative disease was mainly observed for DNMT3A‐mutant CHIP, ASXL1‐mutant CHIP, or SRSF2‐mutant CHIP.

Conclusion

Individuals with CHIP were at an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases, primarily vascular neurodegenerative diseases and ALS, but potentially also other neurodegenerative diseases. These findings suggest potential shared mechanisms between CHIP and neurodegenerative diseases.
Melatonin Increases Root Cell Wall Phosphorus Reutilization via an NO Dependent Pathway in Rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Gao Yong Qiang , Guo Rui , Wang Hao Yu , Sun Jie Ya , Chen Chang Zhao , Hu Die , Zhong Chong Wei , Jiang Meng Meng , Shen Ren Fang , Zhu Xiao Fang , Huang Jiu
Published: July 2024

Melatonin (MT) has been implicated in the plant response to phosphorus (P) stress; however, the precise molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. This study investigated whether MT controls internal P distribution and root cell wall P remobilization in rice. Rice was treated with varying MT and P levels and analyzed using biochemical and molecular techniques to study phosphorus utilization. The results demonstrated that low P levels lead to a rapid increase in endogenous MT levels in rice roots. Furthermore, the exogenous application of MT significantly improved rice tolerance to P deficiency, as evidenced by the increased biomass and reduced proportion of roots to shoots under P‐deficient conditions. MT application also mitigated the decrease in P content regardless in both the roots and shoots. Mechanistically, MT accelerated the reutilization of P, particularly in the root pectin fraction, leading to increased soluble P liberation. In addition, MT enhanced the expression of OsPT8, a gene involved in root‐to‐shoot P translocation. Furthermore, we observed that MT induced the production of nitric oxide (NO) in P‐deficient rice roots and that the mitigating effect of MT on P deficiency was compromised in the presence of the NO inhibitor, c‐PTIO, implying that NO is involved in the MT‐facilitated mitigation of P deficiency in rice. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of MT as a promising strategy for enhancing rice tolerance to P deficiency and improving P use efficiency in agricultural practices.
Fueling innovation management research: Future directions and five forward‐looking paths
Authors: Spanjol Jelena , Noble Charles H. , Baer Markus , Bogers Marcel L. A. M. , Bohlmann Jonathan , Bouncken Ricarda B. , Bstieler Ludwig , De Luca Luigi M. , Garcia Rosanna , Gemser Gerda , Grewal Dhruv , Hoegl Martin , Kuester Sabine , Kumar Minu , Lee Ruby , Mahr Dominik , Nakata Cheryl , Ordanini Andrea , Rindfleisch Aric , Seidel Victor P. , Sorescu Alina , Verganti Roberto , Wetzels Martin
Published: July 2024

Research about innovation management explores how the future is created—who is creating it (organizations, collaborations, etc.), for what aims (customer satisfaction, market performance, etc.), and with what broader effects (social, environmental, etc.). With this extended essay, we explore the potential futures of innovation management research in three ways. First, we briefly review the history of past research agendas and priorities published in the Journal of Product Innovation Management (JPIM), highlighting three broad topic areas (technological, social/environmental, and organizational) that have emerged over time and their potential disruptive implications for innovation management research. Second, we describe the outcome of a gathering of leading scholars in innovation management tasked with the challenge of identifying critical research paths for our field. This collaboration resulted in five “deep dive” essays into areas ripe for innovation management research in the years ahead: liquid innovation, artificial intelligence in innovation, business model innovation, public value innovation, and responsible innovation. Third, we reflect on this expansive effort and offer a discussion of implications (tensions, challenges, and opportunities) for future innovation management scholarship.
Freezing stress tolerance of benthic freshwater diatoms from the genus Pinnularia: Comparison of strains from polar, alpine, and temperate habitats
Authors: Hejduková Eva , Kollár Jan , Nedbalová Linda
Published: July 2024

Diatoms are among the most important primary producers in alpine and polar freshwaters. Although temperate diatoms are sensitive to freezing, polar diatoms often exhibit more resistance. This is particularly true for members of the (predominantly terrestrial) Pinnularia borealis species complex. However, it remains unclear to what extent this resistance applies to other representatives of the genus. Here, we compare the freezing‐stress tolerance of 11 freshwater, benthic strains representing different species of Pinnularia (including Caloneis) from polar, alpine, and temperate habitats. As vegetative cells, strains were exposed to freezing temperatures of −4, −10, −20, −40, −80, and −196°C. Survival was assessed by light microscopy and photosynthetic measurements. We observed vegetative cells to be sensitive to low freezing temperatures; only “mild” freezing was survived by all tested strains, and most tested strains did not survive treatments ≤−10°C. However, individual strain sensitivities appeared related to their original habitats. For example, polar and alpine strains better withstood “mild” and “moderate” freezing (−4 and −10°C, respectively); although temperate strains were significantly affected by the “mild” freezing treatment, polar and alpine strains were not. The −10°C treatment was survived exclusively by polar strains, and only P. catenaborealis survived all treatments. Interestingly, this species exhibited the lowest survival in the −10°C treatment, potentially implying some metabolic activity even at freezing temperatures. Thus, despite more extensive sampling throughout the genus and finer temperature scaling compared to previous studies, the remarkable freezing‐stress tolerance of the P. borealis species complex remains unique within the genus.
Severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children: Is it still a mystery? What role does adenovirus play?
Authors: Stasi Cristina , Pacifici Martina , Puglia Monia , Voller Fabio
Published: July 2024

On March 31, 2022, severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin was first reported from the Royal Glasgow Children's Hospital in Scotland. According to the criteria by WHO‐ECDC, a probable case of unknown acute hepatitis in children is defined as a subject under 16 years of age, who tested negative for viral hepatitis and transaminases >500 U/L, starting from the 1st of October 2021. WHO invites Member States to participate in the global effort to collect anonymized clinical data on probable cases of severe acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology. As of May 26, 2021, 650 cases were already registered on the platform worldwide, of whom at least 38 cases have required liver transplants. Several hypotheses such as previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or coinfection or infection with another virus were examined and a strong association was found between adenovirus (41F) and acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology cases. This review article summarizes the global epidemiological evidences on acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children, analysing their incidence and characteristics.
Flavour improvement in early generations of fresh market tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.): II. Response to breeders' sensory and marker‐assisted selection
Authors: Hagenguth Julia , Kanski Larissa , Kahle Hannah , Becker Heiko C. , Horneburg Bernd
Published: July 2024

Fresh market tomatoes are often characterized by poor flavour. Flavour is a quantitative trait difficult to assess and often neglected in breeding. Classical sensory methods are not suitable for the evaluation of early segregating generations; simple physicochemical measurements are not sufficient to predict perceived aroma. Alternative selection methods are needed, such as the recently introduced Breeders' Sensory Test or marker‐assisted selection (MAS). Two unrelated crosses were chosen to evaluate the efficiency of phenotypic selection with the Breeders' Sensory Test (breeders' sensory selection, BS) and MAS for five quantitative trait loci for sweetness, sourness and tomato aroma (mapped in ‘Resi’ × ‘Auriga’) in organic low‐input and hydroponic cultivation. Selection for sensory attributes reduced fruit weight, emphasizing the challenge of breeding flavourful, large‐fruited tomatoes. Both selection methods were more effective in ‘Roterno F1‘× ‘Black Cherry’ derived from more distant parents. A trend towards higher efficiency of MAS in early segregating generations was observed for sweetness and tomato aroma. However, a major advantage of BS is its universal applicability. To improve flavour, combining both methods is recommended.
Growing in phosphorus‐impoverished habitats in south‐western Australia: How general are phosphorus‐acquisition and ‐allocation strategies among Proteaceae, Fabaceae and Myrtaceae species?
Authors: Shen Qi , Ranathunge Kosala , de Tombeur Félix , Finnegan Patrick M. , Lambers Hans
Published: July 2024

Numerous phosphorus (P)‐acquisition and ‐utilisation strategies have evolved in plants growing in severely P‐impoverished environments. Although these strategies have been well characterised for certain taxa, like Proteaceae, P‐poor habitats are characterised by a high biodiversity, and we know little about how species in other families cope with P scarcity. We compared the P‐acquisition and leaf P‐allocation strategies of Fabaceae and Myrtaceae with those of Proteaceae growing in the same severely P‐impoverished habitat. Myrtaceae and Fabaceae exhibited multiple P‐acquisition strategies: P‐mining by carboxylates or phosphatases, P uptake facilitated by carboxylate‐releasing neighbours, and dependence on the elevated soil P availability after fire. Surprisingly, not all species showed high photosynthetic P‐use efficiency (PPUE). Highly P‐efficient species showed positive correlations between PPUE and the proportion of metabolite P (enzyme substrates), and negative correlations between PPUE and phospholipids (cellular membranes) and nucleic acid P (mostly ribosomal RNA), while we found no correlations in less P‐efficient species. Overall, we found that Myrtaceae and Fabaceae used a wider range of strategies than Proteaceae to cope with P scarcity, at both the rhizosphere and leaf level. This knowledge is pivotal to better understand the mechanisms underlying plant survival in severely nutrient‐impoverished biodiverse ecosystems.
The Secretome of Adult Murine Hookworms Is Shaped by Host Expression of STAT6
Authors: Ferguson Annabel A. , Rossi Heather L. , Herbert De’Broski R.
Published: July 2024

Co‐evolutionary adaptation of hookworms with their mammalian hosts has been selected for immunoregulatory excretory/secretory (E/S) products. However, it is not known whether, or if so, how host immunological status impacts the secreted profile of hematophagous adult worms. This study interrogated the impact of host Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) expression during the experimental evolution of hookworms through the sequential passage of the life cycle in either STAT6 deficient or WT C57BL/6 mice. Proteomic analysis of E/S products by LC–MS showed increased abundance of 15 proteins, including myosin‐3, related to muscle function, and aconitate hydratase, related to iron homeostasis. However, most E/S proteins (174 of 337 unique identities) were decreased, including those in the Ancylostoma‐secreted protein (ASP) category, and metallopeptidases. Several identified proteins are established immune‐modulators such as fatty acid‐binding protein homologue, cystatin, and acetylcholinesterase. Enrichment analysis of InterPro functional categories showed down‐regulation of Cysteine‐rich secretory proteins, Antigen 5, and Pathogenesis‐related 1 proteins (CAP), Astacin‐like metallopeptidase, Glycoside hydrolase, and Transthyretin‐like protein groups in STAT6 KO‐adapted worms. Taken together, these data indicate that in an environment lacking Type 2 immunity, hookworms alter their secretome by reducing immune evasion proteins‐ and increasing locomotor‐ and feeding‐associated proteins.
Melon CmRLCK VII‐8 kinase genes CmRLCK27, CmRLCK30 and CmRLCK34 modulate resistance against bacterial and fungal diseases in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wen Ya , Wang Fahao , Wang Hui , Bi Yan , Yan Yuqing , Noman Muhammad , Li Dayong , Song Fengming
Published: July 2024

Receptor‐like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) represent a distinct class of receptor‐like kinases crucial for various aspects of plant biology, including growth, development, and stress responses. This study delves into the characterization of RLCK VII‐8 members within cucurbits, particularly in melon, examining both structural features and the phylogenetic relationships of these genes/proteins. The investigation extends to their potential involvement in disease resistance by employing ectopic overexpression in Arabidopsis. The promoters of CmRLCK VII‐8 genes harbor multiple phytohormone‐ and stress‐responsive cis‐acting elements, with the majority (excluding CmRLCK39) displaying upregulated expression in response to defense hormones and fungal infection. Subcellular localization studies reveal that CmRLCK VII‐8 proteins predominantly reside on the plasma membrane, with CmRLCK29 and CmRLCK30 exhibiting additional nuclear distribution. Notably, Arabidopsis plants overexpressing CmRLCK30 manifest dwarfing and delayed flowering phenotypes. Overexpression of CmRLCK27, CmRLCK30, and CmRLCK34 in Arabidopsis imparts enhanced resistance against Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, concomitant with the strengthened expression of defense genes and reactive oxygen species accumulation. The CmRLCK VII‐8 members actively participate in chitin‐ and flg22‐triggered immune responses. Furthermore, CmRLCK30 interacts with CmMAPKKK1 and CmARFGAP, adding a layer of complexity to the regulatory network. In summary, this functional characterization underscores the regulatory roles of CmRLCK27, CmRLCK30, and CmRLCK34 in immune responses by influencing pathogen‐induced defense gene expression and ROS accumulation.
The promise and challenges of genomics‐informed periodontal disease diagnoses
Authors: Nibali Luigi , Divaris Kimon , Lu Emily Ming‐Chieh
Published: July 2024

Recent advances in human genomics and the advent of molecular medicine have catapulted our ability to characterize human and health and disease. Scientists and healthcare practitioners can now leverage information on genetic variation and gene expression at the tissue or even individual cell level, and an enormous potential exists to refine diagnostic categories, assess risk in unaffected individuals, and optimize disease management among those affected. This review investigates the progress made in the domains of molecular medicine and genomics as they relate to periodontology. The review summarizes the current evidence of association between genomics and periodontal diseases, including the current state of knowledge that approximately a third of the population variance of periodontitis may be attributable to genetic variation and the management of several monogenic forms of the disease can be augmented by knowledge of the underlying genetic cause. Finally, the paper discusses the potential utility of polygenic risk scores and genetic testing for periodontitis diagnosis now and in the future, in light of applications that currently exist in other areas of medicine and healthcare.
“It shouldn't be just hush‐hush”: A qualitative community‐based study of menstrual health communication among women in Philadelphia
Authors: Casola Allison R. , Medley Lynette , Kunes Brianna C. , McGlone Nya , Silverio Alexis
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Although menstruation is a natural biological process, many people feel embarrassed of their menses and struggle to discuss it. To mitigate menstrual communication stigma, it is necessary to first elucidate communication experiences and perceptions. Thus, we qualitatively explore menstrual communication among cisgender women who menstruate and their family, friends, healthcare providers, and community.

Methodology

In partnership with No More Secrets (NMS), a Philadelphia menstrual health non‐profit, we conducted a community‐based participatory research (CBPR) project in Fall 2020. Cisgender, menstruating individuals ages 18–45 recruited from NMS' catchment in Philadelphia participated in semi‐structured interviews about their menstrual experiences and communication (N = 20). A deductive, theory‐driven approached based on the social‐ecological model was used to analyze the data.

Results

Varying emotional responses arose across social‐ecological levels: communication was awkward and simplistic with family; positive and supportive with friends and community members; and uncomfortable and frustrating with healthcare providers. Participants echoed the importance of menstrual communication as a means of sharing information, feeling less alone, and decreasing menstrual stigma.

Discussion

Findings can inform future CBPR workshops that address stigma in familial, healthcare, and community‐based discussions to improve menstrual health and experiences for cisgender girls and women, transgender men, and gender non‐binary individuals who menstruate.
The role of object ownership on online inhibition in peripersonal space
Authors: Lenglart Lucie , Roger Clémence , Sampaio Adriana , Coello Yann
Published: July 2024

Peripersonal space (PPS), as opposed to extrapersonal space (EPS), refers to the area surrounding the body within which individuals interact with objects or conspecifics. However, objects in PPS can belong to oneself or to others, which was found to influence how these objects are encoded. We analyzed the performances of motor responses in a reachability judgment task concerning self‐owned and other‐owned objects (cups) presented in PPS or EPS. EMG activities were recorded on the thumbs (flexor pollicis brevis) to detect correct and erroneous motor activations. Behavioral data showed that motor responses were shorter and longer for self‐owned cups compared to other‐owned cups in PPS and EPS, respectively. Ten percent of trials showed initial response errors, which were higher in the EPS for self‐owned cups and in the PPS for other‐owned cups. Eighty‐two percent of these errors were corrected online, with corrections being more efficient for self‐owned cups in the PPS. Overall, the data revealed that reachability judgments were faster and more accurate in the PPS, with more efficient inhibition processes in the presence of motor errors. Motor selection and correction are thus modulated by the social context of object ownership, highlighting the specific role of the PPS in encoding self‐relevant objects for action.
Rejecting norms of standing for private blame
Authors: Johansson Werkmäster Marta , Werkmäster Jakob
Published: July 2024

We argue that we should be sceptical towards the claim that there is such a thing as the standing to blame someone privately, understood in terms of holding the attitude of blame. Key features of the idea about standing to blame do not apply to private blame. For example, we argue that private blame is not the exercise of some normative power, and it is not even pro tanto wrong for a hypocrite to privately blame a blameworthy agent. Thus, contrary to the prevailing sentiment, it is doubtful that there are conditions of standing for private blame. Importantly, our conclusions leave the idea of standing to blame intact when it comes to overt blame, which is understood as something voluntary.
Australia's zero emissions target requires ecological restoration at the continental scale, but there are two big unknowns and one major risk
Authors: Barber Greg , Edwards Andrew , Zander Kerstin K.
Published: July 2024

An increasing number of countries are adopting net‐zero‐emissions targets requiring large‐scale removal of CO2‐e through ecological restoration. Are these plans feasible, and will they transform the realm of restoration ecology? We use Australia's plan for net‐zero emissions as a test case. Widespread degradation across Australia's ecoregions, from savannas to seagrasses, provide opportunities for restoration, producing “negative emissions.” The basic science on carbon stocks and flows is available. However, large gaps in the existing measurement methods obscures failure, or fails to incentivize action and the potential for emissions reductions is unknown. Other countries intentions for emissions coverage is currently unknown and extensive use of land for carbon abatement could cause leakage of Australia's agricultural emissions offshore. A key risk is the permanence of ecosystem carbon under a changing climate. Considering its heavy reliance on ecological restoration, these risks and unknowns suggest that Australia's plan is not, or at least not yet, feasible.
Immigration and the economic performance of countries
Authors: Roupakias Stelios , Chletsos Michael
Published: July 2024

This paper provides cross‐country evidence on the relationship between immigration‐induced diversity and economic performance, as evaluated by the Economic Fitness metric. To address endogeneity concerns, we use gravity‐based predictors of migrant diversity as a source of exogenous variation. Using data for 129 countries over the period 1990–2000, we show that migration induces a sizable positive effect on the counties' Fitness. Interestingly, we provide evidence that the spillovers from diversity are mainly felt by middle‐income countries. Our findings are robust to the use of data from alternative sources, estimation methods, and an extensive set of contemporaneous and historical controls. Importantly, we also establish the validity of the results using time‐varying, gravity instruments and conventional panel data regressions.
“People that are Supporting [the] Whole Sector are on their Knees”; Uncertainty and Socioeconomic Change are Occupational Stressors for Irish Farmers☆
Authors: Firnhaber Joseph , Malone Sandra M. , O'Hagan Anna Donnla , O'Keeffe Sinéad , McNamara John , O'Connor Siobhán
Published: July 2024

Farming is a stressful occupation with many farmers facing daily uncertainty and high mental health risks. In addition to unpredictable occupations, rapidly changing European and Irish agricultural policies may put farmers in a liminal state. We aimed to identify sources of occupational stress or well‐being for Irish farmers, particularly regarding change in their lives and communities. We collected data online through semistructured interviews with 17 farmers and 1 interview and 3 focus groups with 11 farming stakeholders. We identified four central narratives (N1‐4) through narrative analysis. In N1, participants described how rapid changes could create stress by exacerbating uncertainty and threatening farmers' financial security. Participants described how these changes to standards for “good farming” (N2) and rural culture (N3) result in lost income, identity, and well‐being. In N4, participants identified ways in which work of farming can be therapeutic. Our findings add to literature on the impacts of uncertainty and liminality on farmers by identifying how deeply changes in agricultural models can impact farmers' identities and well‐being as they grapple with new and old occupational pressures. We suggest that economic policy and agricultural governance prioritize farmers' financial security and mental health through policy change and acknowledge their valuable contributions.
MicroRNA hsa‐let‐7e‐5p in hUC‐MSC‐EVs alleviates oral mucositis by targeting TAB2
Authors: Lin Shuting , Lai Dong , Tian Yan , Lai Fei , Long Min , Ji Changfu , Hao Gengxin
Published: July 2024

Oral mucositis (OM) is a severe side effect of anti‐cancer therapy, with limited available treatments. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) have demonstrated effective protection against OM. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In the current study, we purified EVs secreted by human umbilical cord MSCs (hUC‐MSC‐EVs) and investigated their role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced human oral keratinocytes (HOKs). We observed that treatment with hUC‐MSC‐EVs significantly reduced the inflammatory response of HOKs to LPS induction. Through small RNA‐seq using miRNAs extracted from hUC‐MSC‐EVs, we identified hsa‐let‐7e‐5p as one of the most highly expressed miRNAs. Bioinformatic analysis data indicated that hsa‐let‐7e‐5p may inhibit the NF‐κB signalling pathway by targeting TAB2. Overexpression of the hsa‐let‐7e‐5p inhibitor significantly attenuated the anti‐inflammatory effect of hUC‐MSC‐EVs in LPS‐induced HOKs, which could be reversed by the knockdown of TAB2. In addition, we administered hUC‐MSC‐EVs in a hamster model for OM and observed that these EVs alleviated OM phenotypes. Taken together, our observations suggest that hsa‐let‐7e‐5p in hUC‐MSC‐EVs could protect the oral mucosa from OM by repressing TAB2 expression.
Defining and developing operational psychology competency
Authors: Staal Mark
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Establishing competency in new or emerging areas of psychological practice is always difficult. For practitioners of operational psychology, it is even more challenging due to the requirement for highly specialized skills, novel applications, and the fact that many organizations employing operational psychologists operate in classified or sensitive settings. Despite the ethical obligation to do so, operational psychologists may face challenges in establishing and maintaining their credentials and competency.

Methods

This article outlines the core competencies of operational psychology based on the extant literature, provides case examples illustrating their application, and identifies recommendations for training and consultation necessary for establishing and maintaining competence.

Discussion

Given the scarcity of current training opportunities, limited mentorship, and the lack of training standards, many operational psychologists may develop only some, but not all, of their specialty's core competencies. Furthermore, establishing and maintaining competency may take years of post‐graduate study and experience for most practitioners.

Results

To accelerate this process and codify core competencies and training standards, the formation of an operational psychology society or association may be necessary. Such actions could create a collective agency among practitioners, securing advocacy for the needs and equities of this practice community, and advancing its policies, practices, and scholarship.
The novel HLA‐C*01:274 allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Lian Xue , Wang Li Jun , Jia Yan Jun , Sun Tie Cheng
Published: July 2024

The HLA‐C*01:274 allele differs from HLA‐C*01:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 240 in exon 4.
Aspects of a logical theory of assertion and inference
Authors: Klev Ansten
Published: July 2024

The aim here is to investigate assertion and inference as notions of logic. Assertion will be explained in terms of its purpose, which is to give interlocutors the right to request the assertor to do a certain task. The assertion is correct if, and only if, the assertor knows how to do this task. Inference will be explained as an assertion equipped with what I shall call a justification profile, a strategy for making good on the assertion. The inference is valid if, and only if, correctness is preserved from the premiss assertions to the conclusion assertion. Most of this is a spelling out of views on assertion and inference presented by Per Martin‐Löf in lectures since 2015.
Balancing roles between phosphatidylinositols and sphingolipids in regulating immunity and ER stress responses in pi4kβ1,2
Authors: Thulasi Devendrakumar Karen , Herrfurth Cornelia , Yeap Mikaela , Peng Tony ShengZhe , Feussner Ivo , Li Xin
Published: July 2024

Plant immune regulation is complex. In addition to proteins, lipid molecules play critical roles in modulating immune responses. The mutant pi4kβ1,2 is mutated in two phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinases PI4Kβ1 and β2 involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate (PI4P). The mutant displays autoimmunity, short roots, aberrant root hairs, and a heightened sensitivity to ER stress. In a forward genetic screen designed to dissect pi4kβ1,2 autoimmunity, we found that Orosomucoid‐like 1 (ORM1) is required for the phenotypes of pi4kβ1,2, including short root and ER stress sensitivity. The orm1 mutations lead to increased long‐chain base and ceramide levels in the suppressors. We also found that the basic region/leucine Zipper motif (bZIP) 28 and 60 transcription factors, central regulators of ER stress response, are required for its autoimmunity and root defect. In comparison, the defense‐related phytohormones salicylic acid (SA) and N‐hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) are required for its autoimmunity but plays a minor role in its root phenotypes. Further, we found that wild‐type plants overexpressing ORM1 are autoimmune, displaying short roots and increased ceramide levels. The autoimmunity of the ORM1 overexpression lines is dependent on SA, NHP, and bZIP60. As ORM1 is a known negative regulator of sphingolipid biosynthesis, our study uncovers a balancing role between PIs and sphingolipids in regulating immunity and ER stress responses in pi4kβ1,2.
Clinical descriptive and long‐term outcome of melanocytic uveal lesions in young dogs: 40 cases (45 eyes) including 13 cases of sector iridectomy
Authors: Dufour Valerie Liliane , Cohen Julie A. , Assenmacher Charles‐Antoine , Holle Dolores M. , Durham Amy C. , Aguirre Gustavo D. , Miyadera Keiko
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To describe the clinical features surgical technique, early and long‐term outcome with or without surgery, and histopathological findings of melanocytic anterior uveal lesions in young dogs.

Methods

Medical records of dogs at a guide dog facility removed from training due to a pigmented iris lesion were reviewed from 2014 to 2021. Selected dogs had surgical iridectomies performed.

Results

Iridal melanocytic lesions were characterized as well‐delineated, pigmented, and flat (nevus) or raised (mass) lesions of the iris. Forty dogs (18 Labrador retrievers, 18 German shepherd dogs, 1 Golden retriever, 3 Labrador/Golden mixes) ranging from 0.5 to 3.1 years of age were affected unilaterally (n = 35) or bilaterally (n = 5). Sector iridectomy was performed in 13 dogs with prominent and well‐isolated mass lesion and enucleation was carried out in 2 dogs with extensive lesions, while all other cases were monitored without surgical intervention. Postoperative complications included dyscoria (13/13), focal posterior synechia (9/13) and focal nonprogressive cataract (8/13). All eyes remained visual and comfortable up to 6.2 years post‐iridectomy with no clinically identifiable local recurrence. Histopathology was consistent with uveal melanocytoma in all samples obtained surgically. All cases that did not undergo surgery remained free of complications up to 4.5 year post diagnosis.

Conclusion

Melanocytic anterior uveal lesions may be overrepresented in certain lineages of breeds and be present at a young age. While none of the eyes developed complications when monitored without surgery, early surgical excision of the mass by sector iridectomy yields noteworthy functional outcome and retention of a comfortable globe.
School Leaders' Perceptions of Their Schools' Readiness for Data-Driven Leadership in Al Dhafra Region Cycle 2 and 3 Public Schools'
Authors: Hamash Mahmoud , Ghreir Hanan , Mohamed Hasnah
Published: July 2024

There is a growing need for Data-Driven Leadership (DDL) in the UAE, and while the implementation frameworks serve as a grounding approach for implementing DDL, there has yet to be an application of this concept in the UAE school context. This research aims to assess the readiness of Al Dhafra cycle two and three public schools for DDL implementation. The study used the survey research quantitative method design based on the Active Implementation Framework (AIF) drivers. The researcher surveyed sixteen school principals from nineteen cycle two and three public schools in Al Dhafra region, using the School Principal questionnaire. The sampling method used was simple random sampling. Descriptive analysis was used to analyse the collected data. The research findings suggest that principals are more ready for DDL in terms of organisational drivers than competency drivers. However, their readiness for DDL at the leadership level is less clear, with items for that driver falling between the highest and middle-scoring groups. School principals identified competency, organizational, and technical leadership drivers as key implementation drivers for improving DDL in their schools. The research recommends further study to understand the role of adaptive leadership in successful DDL implementation. In conclusion, this research has provided valuable insights into the implementation of DDL in Al Dhafra cycle two and three public schools and highlighted the importance of various AIF drivers to the successful implementation of DDL.
EFFECTS OF BUILDING INTERFERENCE ON A GENERIC BUILDING MODEL
Authors: Azizan Abdul Hafiz , Mat Shabudin
Published: July 2024

The presence of nearby buildings would alter wind flow patterns around the existing building and may lead to interference effects. In previous studies, detailed explanations on the interference effects between buildings are not well explained. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the interference effect, particularly the effect of different height ratios of the interfering building and different wind incident angles. The experiment was conducted in the UTM-LST wind tunnel where surface pressure was measured on both of the wall and the roof of the target building of a generic building model. Based on the result obtained, the interference factor, IF for the South Wall B were 0.9, 0.6, and 0.2 for interference height 0.3H, 0.6H, and H respectively. These values represent a reduction of wind load on the building façade where the highest was an 80% reduction. On the roof, the IF obtained were 1.4, 0.9, and -0.2 for interference heights of 0.3H, 0.6H, and H respectively. The suction load was increased by 40% for interference height of 0.3H and decreased by 20% and 120% for interference height of 0.6H and H.