bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maestros en activo formando en aulas universitarias: Competencias para la enseñanza bilingüe
Authors: Manchado Nieto Cristina , Alonso Díaz Laura , Delicado Puerto Gemma
Published: January 2023

Bilingual education requires teachers who are effectively trained for that purpose. Relying on this premise, the present research studies the impact that a CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) training program taught by in-service bilingual schoolteachers has on the trainees’ self-perception of their general and specific competences on the matter. The investigation examines a sample of 214 individuals, who are Primary Education preservice teachers (bilingual and non-bilingual tracks), using a mixed methodology comprised of a quasi-experimental quantitative study—in which an adapted version of the Vilkanciené and Rozgiené (2017) questionnaire is used as an instrument—and conducting a qualitative content analysis of three open questions, also derived from the same questionnaire. Results indicate a positive tendency for the implementation of the aforementioned CLIL training program, proving that a regulated training addressed to preservice teachers serves well to foster the acquisition and development of their competences on bilingual education, as it educates them on theoretical and practical matters while focusing on both linguistic and methodological aspects.

La educación bilingüe requiere profesorado formado para ese fin, así como tal formación debe resultar efectiva. Conforme a esta premisa, esta investigación tiene como objetivo determinar el impacto que un Programa de formación AICLE (Aprendizaje Integrado de Contenidos y Lenguas Extranjeras) impartido por maestros en activo de centros bilingües tiene sobre la autopercepción de los formandos sobre el desarrollo de sus competencias para la enseñanza bilingüe. El estudio cuenta con una muestra de 214 sujetos, maestros en formación del grado de Educación Primaria (modalidades bilingüe y no bilingüe), y se desarrolla con una metodología mixta. Por una parte, un estudio de corte cuantitativo cuasiexperimental, utilizando como instrumento una versión adaptada del cuestionario de Vilkanciené y Rozgiené (2017). Y, por otra parte, se complementa lo cuantitativo con un análisis cualitativo de contenido de tres preguntas abiertas que incluye el mismo cuestionario. Los resultados indican una tendencia a favor de la implementación del Programa AICLE y demuestran que la intervención de maestros en la educación superior es de gran utilidad para el desarrollo de las competencias de los maestros en formación para la enseñanza bilingüe, puesto que se revisan aspectos teóricos y prácticos y se abarca tanto lo lingüístico como lo metodológico.
Calibration stability of data loggers used for vaccine temperature monitoring
Authors: Chojnacky Michal , Smith Sam W , Rodman Bethany A , Herman Tobias
Published: January 2023

Continuous temperature monitoring of vaccines during distribution and storage is critical to ensuring vaccination efficacy. Exposure to inappropriate storage temperatures can degrade vaccine potency, putting products and patients at risk if excursions go undetected. Digital temperature data loggers are widely used by U.S. vaccine providers to maintain a continuous record of vaccine storage temperature history. However, whether specific handling or usage conditions contribute to measurement drift in data loggers is not well known. Here we show that data logger calibration status is largely unaffected by typical usage conditions encountered at the vaccine provider level. Forty commercial digital data logger devices representing eight unique models marketed for use in vaccine temperature monitoring were evaluated in a two-year period during 2019-2021. The devices were calibrated upon receipt, subjected to trials designed to simulate typical usage conditions, and then recalibrated periodically to evaluate potential measurement drift. Simulated usage conditions included daily use in vaccine refrigerators and freezers, battery changes, local transport, cross-country shipment, and long-term storage. Out-of-tolerance calibration measurements were extremely rare, and the few failures we detected did not appear to be correlated with any of the usage trials performed during the two-year study period. These findings support extending data logger recalibration intervals when paired with concurrent manufacturer-supplied device stability data and/or intermediate data logger verification checks performed in the field.
Odnos osobina Alternativnog petofaktorskog modela ličnosti i testne anksioznosti: moderatorska uloga vještina upravljanja vremenom i opterećenosti obavezama
Authors: Bačić Jelena , Vujaković Lana
Published: January 2023

Testna anksioznost predstavlja neprijatno stanje tenzije, straha i fizioloških simptoma koji se javljaju prije, tokom i nakon ispita. Ranija istraživanja sugerišu da su osobine ličnosti najbolji prediktor testne anksioznosti (Jayaraman i Subramanian, 2015), ali su u njima korišteni ili Petofaktorski model ličnosti (Costa i McCrae, 1992) ili Ajzenkov PEN model (Eysenck, 1991). Cilj ovog istraživanja jeste ispitati odnos osobina Alternativnog petofaktorskog modela ličnosti (Zuckerman, 1994) i testne anksioznosti, te provjeriti da li varijable poput opterećenosti obavezama i vještina upravljanja vremenom, ranije povezivane sa testnom anksioznošću, imaju efekta na odnos ovih konstrukata. Uzorak je činilo 264 studenta (83.4% žena), sa prostora BiH, Srbije i Hrvatske. Od instrumenata su korišteni ZKA-PQ-SF upitnik ličnosti (Aluja et al., 2017), upitnik testne anksioznosti (Subotić i Marinković, 2018), te dvije jednoajtemske skale koje ispituju opterećenost obavezama i vještine upravljanja vremenom. Korelaciona analiza pokazuje da testna anksioznost pozitivno korelira sa neuroticizmom (r=.61, p.001) i agresivnošću (r=.26, p.001), odnosno negativno sa vještinama upravljanja vremenom (r=-.24, p.001) i ekstraverzijom (r = -.15, p =.01). Regresiona analiza sugeriše da model koji uzima sve osobine ličnosti u obzir objašnjava 39.6% varijanse (R=.62, R2=.39, p.001), što je gotovo jednako samostalnom doprinosu neuroticizma (R=.61, R2=.37, p.001), ali treba naglasiti da su u proširenom modelu identifikovani i supresijski efekti. Vještine upravljanja vremenom i opterećenost obavezama nisu značajno moderirale odnos ispitivanih konstrukata. Rezultati sugerišu da su osobine ličnosti dobri korelati testne anksioznosti i van konteksta često upotrebljivanih leksičkih modela, odnosno, da fiziološki zasnovani modeli ličnosti mogu bolje objasniti testnu anksioznost. Podaci koji upućuju da slabije vještine upravljanja vremenom koreliraju sa testnom anksioznošću, ali da posjedovanje ovih vještina ne mijenja intenzitet veze koju sa njom ostvaruju osobine ličnosti, prije svega neuroticizam, diskutovani su imajući na umu važnost fizioloških i kognitivnih procesa koje pronalazimo u osnovi.
Баштине обласних господара у средњовјековној Србији
Authors: Костадиновић-Рачић Александра
Published: January 2023

Приказ књиге: Драгичевић, П. (2021). Баштине обласних господара у средњовјековној Србији (историјско-географска студија). Бања Лука: Филозофски факултет Универзитета у Бањој Луци, стр. 305.
The Desire of Mothering Towards Educational Success: How Does “Cultural Logic” Operate in Schooling Practices?
Authors: Soylu Ayşe , Sever Mustafa
Published: January 2023

This paper primarily seeks to explore how mothering practices in different social classes reflect on the schooling experiences of students. We particularly focus on the desire for mothering towards educational success. We draw on Lareau’s (2003) theory on “concerted cultivation”
and “natural growth” to understand the possibilities of mothering embodied in various schooling practices. The data for the study were generated via 26 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with mothers from the middle and lower-class. The findings demonstrate that the educational
and socio-economic status of mothers significantly modifies their children’s schooling practices. However, the results reveal that mothers from lower-class backgrounds develop some principles of academic survival skills that they transmit to their children. Strategies to support their
children’s schooling that mothers from lower-class backgrounds implemented emerge where they interact with schooling practices conducted by middle-class.
O fascismo em dez lições
Authors: Bueno Sinésio Ferraz
Published: January 2023

Os textos que compõem a presente obra oferecem uma percepção aguda do dilema ético-político contemporâneo, especialmente no contexto nacional, ao colocar o fascismo em questão, e vão além, ao propor a radical questão: como reagir a ele, sem ao mesmo tempo, nos tornarmos fascistas? Trata-se de um livro com dez valiosas lições que mobilizam os principais conceitos da Escola de Frankfurt, especialmente os cunhados por Theodor Adorno e Max Horkheimer, dialogando também com Freud e autores da tradição filosófica, com destaque para os contemporâneos. É uma obra fortemente recomendada na formação de professoras e professores, de todas as modalidades de ensino, na medida em que todas e todos sentimos os efeitos do fascismo na trama social. Nesta obra, o foco do enfrentamento não está no Outro, não está na ação fascista, mas no cuidado e no enfrentamento do fascismo que, em maior ou menor grau, conforma nosso olhar. Reconhecer o fascismo no Outro é menos trabalhoso e menos complicado do que reconhecer o fascismo que habita em cada um de nós.
Changes in the quality of bank loan portfolios in EU countries – with the particular case of Poland
Authors: Kosztowniak Aneta
Published: January 2023

As non-performing loans (NPLs) can cause monetary crises that may turn into financial crises affecting an entire economy, monitoring them is very important. If NPLs are not identified and recognized efficiently, both in terms of speed and scope, NPL resolution effectiveness is undermined, which in turn will have negative effects on the banking sector and ultimately on GDP growth.The main aim of this article is to identify changes in the quality of bank loan portfolios in European Union (EU) countries in 2009–2021, using an example of the Visegrad Group (Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary) as well as France and Germany. Keeping in mind the fact that the share of loans to households in EU portfolios is approximately 60%, it has a significant impact on the share of non-performing loans (NPL) in a bank’s entire portfolio. Therefore, it is important to identify macroeconomic determinants influencing the creditworthiness of households and their loan servicing capacity.The specific aims are, first, to present the differences in NPLs, debt servicing costs, and the structure of loan portfolios in the selected EU countries. Second, to identify countries with high-quality portfolios and those undertaking restructuring. Thirdly, to examine the determinants of NPL for household loans based on the example of Poland, i.e., a country considered representative in terms of the average level of NPL and the portfolio structure in the group of countries studied.This chapter presents the changes of NPLs, debt service ratio, and household loans in selected EU countries in 2009–2021. Moreover, an NPLs econometric model for Poland is constructed, which considers the main factors determining the creditworthiness of households, i.e., macroeconomic factors, financial standing, and debt servicing costs. Tools such as the VECM model, the variance decomposition and the impulse response functions are used. The results for Poland confirm that the NPLs ratio for households was the strongest explanation of previous changes in own NPL, consumption and real wages in the household sector in 2009–2021.
Research on Innovation of Physical Education Curriculum Reform and Development Based on Internet + Education
Authors: Lei Wang , Pengsong Li , Sibo Zhao
Published: January 2023

In recent years, with the continuous progress of global Internet technology, the concept of "Internet plus" has penetrated into all walks of life in China, and has also had a profound impact on people's production and life. Especially in the field of education, how to use the "Internet plus" era development dividend to improve the teaching efficiency of various subjects, so as to cultivate modern high-quality talents, has become the focus of teachers and scholars. Based on the era background of "Internet plus", this paper discusses the current teaching of physical education in colleges and universities in China. Firstly, it analyzes the current situation of the development of the teaching mode under the background of "Internet plus". Colleges and universities should strengthen the reform of sports information teaching, improve the multi ideological understanding, establish and improve information resources and facilities, reasonably innovate information sports classes, attach importance to the cultivation of teachers and students' information ability, and promote the overall development of college sports as a whole.
Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Psychophysiological Rehabilitation in Coronary Artery Disease Patients: State of Heart as the State of Brain
Authors: Jain Moli Jai , Vardhan Vishnu , Yadav Vaishnavi , Harjpal Pallavi
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Psychological therapies in cardiac rehabilitation programs were found to be effective for patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback (HRVBF) is a behavioural neuro-cardiac intervention designed as a natural oscillation between the breathing cycle and Heart Rate (HR), also known as refractory sinus rhythm biofeedback. Aim: To find the potential effects of heart rate variability biofeedback for psychophysiological rehabilitation in coronary artery disease patients. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review included five databases (PubMed, Scopus, web of science, and Google Scholar) were searched for publications between January 2011 and December 2021. Randomised control trials published in the English language, done on the effect of HRV-BF on psychophysiological rehabilitation in CAD, were included. High-quality experimental trials were chosen for the study, using Arksey and O’Malley framework. The records were screened against eligibility criteria and methodological quality analysis was done using Downs and black checklist. Results: Overall, 11,048 articles were extracted, from which 56 records were screened, and three randomised control trials were included in the study. All the three studies scored within a range of 20 to 25, with good methodological quality. They demonstrate practical feasibility of heart rate variability biofeedback device with both short-term and long-term effect on psychophysiological rehabilitation in CAD patients. Conclusion: This systematic review showed the potential effects of HRV-BF for psychophysiological rehabilitation in CAD patients. Patients have reported the benefits of HRV-BF therapies by patient-reported as well as therapies reported outcome measures.
Role of Aspergillus Specific IgG Titres as a Therapeutic Target for Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Agarwal Kshitij , Bhati Gaurav , Gupta Prateek , Verma Amit Kumar
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CPA) continues to be an enigma to clinicians in regions with a high prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and is often misdiagnosed as the latter, attributable to the significant overlap in symptoms and radiology. Moreover, although the diagnostic criteria for CPA have been standardised, the role of serological markers in monitoring disease activity and response to therapy is still not well characterised. Aim: To understand the characteristics, risk factors and treatment outcomes in patients developing CPA and to determine the role of serological markers as indicators of disease activity. Materials and Methods: The present longitudinal study was conducted in the Department of Respiratory Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences and its associated Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India from February 2021 to June 2022. Study included 46 patients suspected of harbouring CPA attributable to their clinico-radiological presentation. The diagnosis of CPA was made using the established criteria. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CPA received oral azole antifungals for 6 months and were monitored at 3-monthly intervals for reduction in baseline parameters to determine treatment success/failure. Paired and unpaired parametric variables were compared using the t-test and non parametric methods were compared using the Chisquare test. Results: The diagnosis of CPA was established in 31 (67.4%) patients of whom 77.6% were males and the mean age was 47.3±2.2 years. These patients had been symptomatic for 5.8±1.2 years. Underlying risk factors (such as the history of tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, history of long-term glucocorticoid use etc.) had been present for 6.9±1.3 years. Patients harboured an average of two risk factors with tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus being the most common local and systemic affliction, respectively. Patients with tuberculosis (p-value=0.001) and chronic steroid use (p-value=0.029) were significantly at higher risk of developing CPA. 6 months of azole therapy led to significant reduction in specific IgG titres (p-value=0.001), and serum precipitins (p-value=0.004). Two patients on itraconazole relapsed within 12 months but were successfully treated with voriconazole. Conclusion: Tuberculosis was the most significant local risk factor leading to the development of CPA, which developed soon after diagnosis of another systemic risk factor. Six months of azole therapy was adequate to induce remission of the disease, activity of which can be monitored though the measurement of serum IgG antibody titres.
Popular Products of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Consumed in India and their Quality Concern
Authors: Nagar Priyanka , Agrawal Mukta , Agrawal Kailash
Published: January 2023

Sesame is the most consumed oilseed available in different varieties in India. It is eaten as a whole seed, ground, roasted, powdered, oil, or defatted meal in preparation for traditional and popular ready-to-eat sweet and savory food items. It is used in household recipes, bakery items like biscuits, buns, bagel bread, weaning foods etc. Sesame seeds and its products are rich sources of energy, protein, iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, antioxidants and essential fatty acids. The food products of sesame are available easily in rural and urban markets with a range of variety and forms. They are easily accessible and affordable for every income group. Consumers should be aware of the quality concerns of these products, which are generally sold in open packaging, causing health problems. They are sometimes not prepared hygienically, leading to microbial contamination of food products and causing ill effects. So this review is about the nutritional value of different ready-to-eat homestead and commercial sesame products available in the market and the quality concern, i.e., nutritional and microbiological, regarding these products. Besides the quality attributes, their manufacturing under safe, hygienic conditions, packaging, and storage should be ensured to avoid health hazards. The products in which sesame is present in large quantities or one of the main ingredients are energy dense and rich in protein, fats, fiber, calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, and manganese. Many sesame-based sweet products produced in unorganized sectors by small manufacturers were found to need improvement regarding microbial quality compared to the products with good preparation and packaging methods.
Review on Traditional Cow Milk Preservation Method and Marketing Practice in Ethiopia
Authors: Chimdo Ayana
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this review was to evaluate different reviews in different regions on traditional Ethiopian milk storage methods and marketing practices. Ethiopian farmers have a traditional system of handling milk containers that vary from place to place. Milking jars are thoroughly washed before smoking treatment, to mention a few, but the cleanliness of the wash water has been questioned. Milk processing began with the goal of turning fresh milk into long-lived dairy products and reducing food poisoning. Processing alone cannot solve the milk quality problem. Therefore, it is important to use proper processing and storage materials and to take the necessary precautions when handling milk and dairy products. Milk processing is progressing in Ethiopia. In the country, the average milk producer produces small quantities. The market for supplying fresh milk to consumers is not always easy, and local processors can suffer from problems such as power outages and disruptions in transportation. In most parts of the country, existing production and local marketing systems cannot easily meet growing demand. The degree of vertical and horizontal integration in the milk marketing system can vary from country to country or between regional and domestic milkfish. Therefore, this review should evaluate traditional domestic milk storage methods and marketing practices.
Functional Data Analysis on Global COVID-19 Data
Authors: Silva J. W. E. W. De , Abeysundara S. P.
Published: January 2023

No one can deny that COVID-19 has spread around the world and is still emerging as a new variation in some areas. Since the time of its breakout, three coronavirus waves have emerged. Daily cases of COVID-19 from 79 countries around the world were selected for the study. The main objective of this research was to model and analyze the behavior of the disease's first wave in the world and on the Asian continent using functional data analysis methods. Functional models were fitted to the data using B-spline basis functions at different orders, and the best-fit curves were further analyzed with respect to their functional behavior and the rate of change. These curves were visualized during the preliminary analysis and later clustered within each continent using functional cluster analysis. The results indicated that all continents, apart from Asia, had two clusters based on their functional behavior, whereas the world data had three clusters. All the continents except the Asian continent had different functional forms and numbers of peaks, but they all had the same number of clusters. The world's 18 countries were divided into two categories, with the remaining 61 countries clustered into a single group. The identified cluster indices were further modeled using multinomial logistic regression models with six popular health index variables. In the world, people over the age of 70 made a significant contribution to selecting cluster 2 over cluster 1 and cluster 3 over cluster 2. On the Asian continent, the female smoker variable preferred cluster 2 over cluster 1, while cluster 3 over cluster 1 could be determined by the median age variable. The findings of the overall study would be helpful for the researchers to understand the spread of the disease and the impact of the health indices on its functional behavior.
Effect of Thermal Treatments on Selected Minerals and Water Soluble Vitamins of Chicken Breast Meat
Authors: Alugwu Samson Ugochukwu , Okonkwo Thomas M. , Ngadi Michael O.
Published: January 2023

The study was conducted to ascertain the effect of thermal treatments on selected minerals (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, Fe and Zn) and water soluble vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, B12 and C) contents of chicken breast meat. Industrial skinless chicken breast meat samples were purchased, transported to Bioprocess laboratory in cool conditions, frozen and sliced into dimensions and thawed. The samples were cooked by air frying (AF), baking (BK), deep fat frying (DF) and grilling (GR) at 170, 180 and 1900C for 0, 4, 8 and 12 min for minerals and 0, 8 and 16 min for vitamins. Thereafter, cooked and raw samples were wet acid digested overnight and 5 h digested on a block digester on slowly increased temperature to 1200C, cooled and deionized. The mineral elements were analysed by Optima 4300DV inductivity coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductivity coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). These mineral elements were extrapolated through a calibration curve between intensity and concentration, while the vitamins were ascertained by measurement of absorbance of filtrates of the samples dissolved in their respective solvents in the Spectrophotometer against their blank samples at different wavelengths. The results showed that cooking methods decreased significantly (p < 0.05) the mineral elements with an exception of Zn cooked by grilling (GR) that increased by 19.92% and Mg that increased in the cooking methods. The ascending percentage reduction of minerals in cooked chicken breast were Zn, P, K, Fe, Na and Ca. Samples cooked by DF had significantly (p < 0.05) higher percentage reduction of 45.06% in Ca, 27.74% in Na and 18.85% in Zn and higher percentage increases of 14.96% in Mg contents than other methods. Also samples cooked by DF had higher percentage reductions of 55.10%, 37.93%, 37.11%, 34.44% and 30.99% in vitamins B1, C, B2, B9 and B6  Whereas higher percentage reductions of 41.67% and 37.84 % in vitamins B12 and B3 occurred in baking (Bk) and grilling (GR) treated samples. Cooking at 1900C had higher percent reduction in the Ca, Na, Fe, K, P and Zn as well as B1, B12, B2, C, B3, B9 and B6. Cooking methods, temperatures and times decreased significantly (p < 0.05) vitamins and minerals contents of chicken breast meat with an exception of Mg. Samples cooked at 1700C for 4 min and 1700C for 8 min had lower losses of minerals and vitamins compared to similar samples cooked at 1800C and 1900C. The AF cooking method had the least percent reduction of 22.50% than other cooking methods BK (26.88%), DF (36.04%) and GR (30.69%) in vitamin contents.
Prevalence and Determinants of HIV Related Eye in Patients Attending Anti-retroviral Therapy Clinic in Katsina State, Nigeria
Authors: Halima Abdurrahman , Eze Ugochukwu A. , Suleiman Yahaya Shamsuddeen , Aba Emmanuel R. , Samaila Elsie
Published: January 2023

Background: HIV and its complication AIDS was a source of serious public health concern that greeted the end of the 20th century. Being a multi-systemic disease, it was also associated with different forms of ocular morbidities of interest. 

Purpose: To determine the prevalence, patterns and determinants of HIV related eye diseases in patients attending anti-retroviral clinics in Katsina state, Nigeria.

Methods: Two hundred and twenty subjects met the inclusion criteria over a six month period. A questionnaire was administered for socio-demographic data, patients’ history, record review and a detailed ophthalmic examination. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20. Parametric and non-parametric assessments were used to assess the relationship of various factors with manifestation of HIV associated eye diseases.

Results: Out of 220 respondents, 164 were females. The Male: Female was 1:2.9. The mean age was 28.5 years ± 14.83 SD.  About 65.5% of respondents had eye diseases while 46.4% had HIV associated eye diseases. Prevalence of HIV associated eye diseases was found to be 46.4%. The most common types of eye diseases found were Kerato-conjunctivitis Sicca (KCS) 25.5%, conjunctivitis 5.5%, herpes zoster ophthalmicus 3.2%, anterior uveitis 2.7% and molluscum contagiosum 2.3%. Factors found to affect the manifestation of these eye diseases were CD4 cell count, WHO Clinical Stage of the disease and the Presence of eye symptoms.

Conclusion: The study showed a high prevalence of HIV associated eye disease. The Patient’s clinical/WHO stage, CD4 cell count and presence of ocular symptoms were shown to have significant association with the ocular manifestation.
Defining Posttraumatic Sepsis for Population-Level Research
Authors: Stern Katherine , Qiu Qian , Weykamp Michael , O’Keefe Grant , Brakenridge Scott C.
Published: January 2023

Importance

Multiple classification methods are used to identify sepsis from existing data. In the trauma population, it is unknown how administrative methods compare with clinical criteria for sepsis classification.

Objectives

To characterize the agreement between 3 approaches to sepsis classification among critically ill patients with trauma and compare the sepsis-associated risk of adverse outcomes when each method was used to define sepsis.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study used data collected between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2020, from patients aged 16 years or older with traumatic injury, admitted to the intensive care unit of a single-institution level 1 trauma center and requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for at least 3 days. Statistical analysis was conducted from August 1, 2021, to March 31, 2022.

Exposure

Hospital-acquired sepsis, as classified by 3 methods: a novel automated clinical method based on data from the electronic health record, the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB), and explicit and implicit medical billing codes.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcomes were chronic critical illness and in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included number of days in an intensive care unit, number of days receiving mechanical ventilation, discharge to a skilled nursing or long-term care facility, and discharge to home without assistance.

Results

Of 3194 patients meeting inclusion criteria, the median age was 49 years (IQR, 31-64 years), 2380 (74%) were male, and 2826 (88%) sustained severe blunt injury (median Injury Severity Score, 29 [IQR, 21-38]). Sepsis was identified in 747 patients (23%) meeting automated clinical criteria, 118 (4%) meeting NTDB criteria, and 529 (17%) using medical billing codes. The Light κ value for 3-way agreement was 0.16 (95% CI, 0.14-0.19). The adjusted relative risk of chronic critical illness was 9.9 (95% CI, 8.0-12.3) for sepsis identified by automated clinical criteria, 5.0 (95% CI, 3.4-7.3) for sepsis identified by the NTDB, and 4.5 (95% CI, 3.6-5.6) for sepsis identified using medical billing codes. The adjusted relative risk for in-hospital mortality was 1.3 (95% CI, 1.0-1.6) for sepsis identified by automated clinical criteria, 2.7 (95% CI, 1.7-4.3) for sepsis identified by the NTDB, and 1.0 (95% CI, 0.7-1.2) for sepsis identified using medical billing codes.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of critically ill patients with trauma, administrative methods misclassified sepsis and underestimated the incidence and severity of sepsis compared with an automated clinical method using data from the electronic health record. This study suggests that an automated approach to sepsis classification consistent with Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3) clinical criteria is feasible and may improve existing approaches to health services and population-based research in this population.
Challenges and opportunities using hunters to monitor chronic wasting disease among wild reindeer in the digital era
Authors: Mysterud Atle , Viljugrein Hildegunn , Hopp Petter , Andersen Roy , Bakka Haakon , Benestad Sylvie L. , Madslien Knut , Moldal Torfinn , Rauset Geir Rune , Strand Olav , Tran Linh , Vikøren Turid , Våge Jørn , Rolandsen Christer M.
Published: January 2023

Surveillance of wildlife diseases poses considerable logistical challenges compared to that of humans or livestock. Citizen science can enable broader coverage, but building an efficient disease monitoring system that relies on hunters is challenging. Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a lethal and infectious prion disease of cervids. Improving surveillance is important with the detection of CWD in wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Norway.

This study describes the components of an efficient CWD monitoring system utilizing recreational hunters. We report the success of data capture after 6 years of surveillance. We provide an overview of CWD occurrence among the 24 wild reindeer areas and quantify the likelihood of disease absence in areas without detection.

Surveillance aimed to test hunted reindeer aged ≥1 year. With higher quotas and extended hunting seasons, proactive surveillance was implemented in at‐risk areas. There were several challenges of population demarcation and the lack of surveys required for risk‐based sampling. Several specific tools for hunters have been developed, including digital apps for rapid reporting and feedback. Laboratory capacity was expanded, and novel statistical tools were developed for the specifics of the sampled tissues.

The surveillance (2016–2021) achieved a sample return rate of 61.5% from a maximum of 22,123 harvested reindeer aged ≥1 year. Among these, 64.1% included both relevant tissues (retropharyngeal lymph nodes and brain), yielding 9412 (42.5%) complete samples of harvested reindeer. Samples originating from harvest constituted ~84% of total wild reindeer samples.

CWD was detected in 2 of the 24 wild reindeer management areas. The remaining populations had a probability of CWD‐freedom from 60% to 99% (mean = 77%) at a design prevalence of 0.5%.

Utilizing hunters to monitor wildlife disease appears to be the most realistic option for cervid species. However, the logistical and economic constraints are substantial and pose long‐term challenges. Considerable uncertainty about disease occurrence remains even after massive surveillance, and whether management should take preventive actions remains a challenge.
Non‐Hierarchical Architected Materials with Extreme Stiffness and Strength
Authors: Wang Fengwen , Brøns Marie , Sigmund Ole
Published: January 2023

Stretch‐dominated truss and plate microstructures are contenders in the quest for realizing architected materials with extreme stiffness and strength. In the low volume fraction limit, closed‐cell isotropic plate microstructures meet theoretical upper bounds on stiffness but have low buckling strength, whereas open‐cell truss microstructures have high buckling strength at the cost of significantly reduced stiffness. At finite volume fractions, the picture becomes less clear but both are outperformed by hollow truss lattice and hierarchical microstructures in terms of buckling strength. Despite significant advances in manufacturing methods, hollow and multi‐scale hierarchical microstructures are still challenging to build. The question is if there exist realizable microstructures providing stiffness and strength matching or even beating hard‐to‐realize hollow or hierarchical microstructures?

Herein, single‐scale non‐hierarchical (first order) microstructures that beat the buckling strength of hollow truss lattice structures by a factor of 2.4 and first‐ and second‐order plate microstructures by factors of 5 and 1.4, respectively, are systematically designed, built, and tested. Stiffness of the microstructures is within 40% of theoretical bounds and beats both truss and second order plate microstructures. The microstructures are realized with 3D printing. Experiments validate theoretical predictions and additional insight is provided through numerical modeling of a CT‐scanned sample.
Donor Extension on Spiro‐Acridine Enables Highly Efficient TADF‐OLEDs with Relieved Efficiency Roll‐Off
Authors: Peng Hao , Xu Yulin , Zhou Changjiang , Pei Ranran , Miao Jingsheng , Liu He , Yang Chuluo
Published: January 2023

Organic light emitting diodes based on thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters with both high external quantum efficiency (EQE) and low efficiency roll‐off are under urgent pursuing. Three TADF emitters based on fluorene‐spiro‐acridine derivatives as donors are developed. Composing of rigid donor and acceptor, all emitters exhibit high PLQYs of 96–99%. Direct conjugation attached on acridine offers an enhanced reverse intersystem crossing (kRISC) in IA‐TRZ, while the extension via spiro‐junction accelerates the radiative decay rate (kr) in 2S‐TRZ and IT‐TRZ. Remarkably, all emitters enable high electroluminescent performance with EQE of 35.6% for 2S‐TRZ, 36.1% for IT‐TRZ and 32.0% for IA‐TRZ, respectively, and very high luminance of up to 100 000 cd m−2. Surprisingly, 2S‐TRZ and IT‐TRZ that hold larger kr and smaller kRISC than that of IA‐TRZ exhibit more relieved efficiency roll‐off, indicating the significance of kr. More importantly, IT‐TRZ with a moderate kr and kRISC among these emitters shows the lowest roll‐off which demonstrates that the comprehensive consideration of all photophysical processes is important to attain excellent devices. It also emphasizes the molecular modulation method through side group that can induce elaborate control on decay channels for finely optimizing emitters. This study can provide a useful perspective in designing practical emitters.
Electrocatalytic MOF‐Carbon Bridged Network Accelerates Li+‐Solvents Desolvation for High Li+ Diffusion toward Rapid Sulfur Redox Kinetics
Authors: Li Linge , Tu Haifeng , Wang Jian , Wang Mingchao , Li Wanfei , Li Xiang , Ye Fangmin , Guan Qinghua , Zhu Fengyi , Zhang Yupeng , Hu Yuzhen , Yan Cheng , Lin Hongzhen , Liu Meinan
Published: January 2023

Lithium‐sulfur batteries are famous for high energy density but prevented by shuttling effect and sluggish electrochemical conversion kinetics due to the high energy barriers of Li+ transport across the electrode/electrolyte interface. Herein, the Li+‐solvents dissociation kinetics is catalyzed and stimulated by designing a carbon bridged metal‐organic framework (MOF@CC), aimed at realizing increased bare Li+ transport for the rapid conversion kinetics of sulfur species. Theoretical simulations and spectroscopic results demonstrate that the bridged MOF@CC well grants a special transport channel for accelerating Li+ benefited from aggregated anion/cation clusters. Moreover, the CN bridge between ‐NH2 ligand in MOF and carbon shell enhances electron exchange, and thus promotes polysulfide catalytic efficiency and hinder polysulfide aggregation and accumulation. With the MOF@CC‐modified separators, the assembled Li/S batteries deliver a reversible capability of 1063 mAh g‐1 at 0.5 C, a capacity retention of 88% after 100 cycles, and a high‐rate performance of 765 mAh g−1 at 5 C. Moreover, the large areal pouch cell with 100 µm Li foil and lean electrolyte is capable of stabilizing 855 mAh g−1 after 70 cycles. These results well demonstrate the efficiency of catalyzing desolvation for fast Li+ transport kinetics and the conversion of polysulfides.
Design of Phosphide Anodes Harvesting Superior Sodium Storage: Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives
Authors: Hao Youchen , Shao Jiawen , Yuan Yifei , Li Xifei , Xiao Wei , Sari Hirbod Maleki Kheimeh , Liu Tiefeng , Lu Jun
Published: January 2023

Sodium (Na) ion batteries (SIBs) are promising in stationary energy storage applications. Research is also afoot to seek suitable electroactive materials for use in SIBs. Recently, phosphides to be used in the anode for Na storage are particularly appealing due to their high specific capacities and low working potentials. The following matters are to deal with their inherent drawbacks of large volume variation and inferior interfacial stability upon Na insertion/extraction, which is believed to be largely responsible for capacity and cycling decay. Despite striking progress in addressing the above drawbacks, current studies on phosphides remain preliminary. In this review, an in‐depth understanding of phosphides regarding Na storage mechanism, capacity assessment, phase change, and reaction types is provided. The effective strategies and the sound designs of phosphides for Na storage are also discussed. Their correlations between electrochemical behavior and chemical/structural characteristics are analyzed, in a bid to sort out the basic ideas for the design of high‐performance phosphides that enable high‐energy and durable SIBs. Doubtless, the experience and knowledge gained from the research on phosphides are shared, and the strategies are expected to extend the scope beyond phosphides.
Cocatalyst Engineering with Robust Tunable Carbon‐Encapsulated Mo‐Rich Mo/Mo2C Heterostructure Nanoparticle for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Yang Zhi , Li Meng , Chen Sibo , Yang Siyuan , Peng Feng , Liao Jihai , Fang Yueping , Zhang Shanqing , Zhang Shengsen
Published: January 2023

Cocatalyst engineering with non‐noble metal nanomaterials can play a vital role in low‐cost, sustainable, and large‐scale photocatalytic hydrogen production. This research adopts slow carburization and simultaneous hydrocarbon reduction to synthesize carbon‐encapsulated Mo/Mo2C heterostructure nanoparticles, namely Mo/Mo2C@C cocatalyst. Experimental and theoretical investigations indicate that the Mo/Mo2C@C cocatalysts have a nearly ideal hydrogen‐adsorption free energy (ΔGH*), which results in the accelerated HER kinetics. As such, the cocatalysts are immobilized onto organic polymer semiconductor g‐C3N4 and inorganic semiconductor CdS, resulting in Mo/Mo2C@C/g‐C3N4 and Mo/Mo2C@C/CdS catalysts, respectively. In photocatalytic hydrogen evolution application under visible light, the Mo/Mo2C@C with g‐C3N4 and CdS can form the Schottky junctions via appropriate band alignment, greatly suppressing the recombination of photoinduced electron‐hole pairs. The surface carbon layer as the conducting scaffolds and Mo metal facilitates electron transfer and electron‐hole separation, favoring structural stability and offering more reaction sites and interfaces as electron mediators. As a result, these catalysts exhibit high H2 production rates of 2.7 mmol h−1 g−1 in basic solution and 98.2 mmol h−1 g−1 in acidic solution, respectively, which is significantly higher than that of the bench‐mark Pt‐containing catalyst. The proposed cocatalyst engineering approach is promising in developing efficient non‐noble metal cocatalysts for rapid hydrogen production.
Metal‐Electronegativity‐Induced, Synchronously Formed Hetero‐ and Vacancy‐Structures of Selenide Molybdenum for Non‐Aqueous Sodium‐Based Dual‐Ion Storage
Authors: Qian Kunyan , Li Li , Yang Dehui , Wang Beibei , Wang Hui , Yuan Guanghui , Bai Jintao , Ma Shenghua , Wang Gang
Published: January 2023

Sodium‐based dual‐ion batteries (SDIBs) have attracted increasing research interests in energy storage systems because of their advantages of high operating voltage and low cost. However, exploring desirable anode materials with high capacity and stable structures remains a great challenge. Here, an elaborate design is reported, starting from well‐organized MoSe2 nanorods and introducing metal‐organic frameworks, which simultaneously forms a bimetallic selenide/carbon composite with coaxial structure via electronegativity induction. By rationally adjusting the vacancy concentration and combining heterostructure engineering, the optimized MoSe2‐x/ZnSe@C as anode material for Na‐ion batteries achieves rapid electrochemical kinetics and satisfactory reversible capacities. The systematic electrochemical kinetic analyses combined with theoretical calculations further unveil the synergistic effect of Se‐vacancies and heterostructure for the enhanced sodium storage, which not only induces more reversible Na+ storage sites but also improves the pseudocapacitance and reduce charge transfer resistance, thereby providing a great contribution to accelerating reaction kinetics. Furthermore, the as‐constructed SDIB full cell based on the MoSe2‐x/ZnSe@C anode and the expanded graphite cathode demonstrates impressively excellent rate performance (131 mAh g−1 at 4.0 A g−1) and ultralong cycling life over 1000 cycles (100 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1), demonstrating its practical applicability in a wide range of sodium‐based energy storage devices.
Architecture‐Engineered Electrospinning Cascade Regulates Spinal Microenvironment to Promote Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Tang Yu , Xu Zonghan , Tang Jincheng , Xu Yichang , Li Ziang , Wang Wenbo , Wu Liang , Xi Kun , Gu Yong , Chen Liang
Published: January 2023

The inflammatory cascade after spinal cord injury (SCI) causes necrotizing apoptosis of local stem cells, which limits nerve regeneration. Therefore, coordinating the inflammatory immune response and neural stem cell (NSC) functions is key to promoting the recovery of central nervous system function. In this study, a hydrogel “perfusion” system and electrospinning technology are integrated, and a “concrete” composite support for the repair of nerve injuries is built. The hydrogel's hydrophilic properties activate macrophage integrin receptors to mediate polarization into anti‐inflammatory subtypes and cause a 10% increase in polarized M2 macrophages, thus reprogramming the SCI immune microenvironment. Programmed stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor released from the composite increase recruitment and neuronal differentiation of NSCs by approximately four‐ and twofold, respectively. The fiber system regulates the SCI immune inflammatory microenvironment, recruits endogenous NSCs, promotes local blood vessel germination and maturation, and improves nerve function recovery in a rat SCI model. In conclusion, the engineering fiber composite improves the local inflammatory response. It promotes nerve regeneration through a hydrophilic programmed cytokine‐delivery system, which further improves and supplements the immune response mechanism regulated by the inherent properties of the biomaterial. The new fiber composite may serve as a new treatment approach for SCI.
Multishell Colloidosome Platform with Sequential Gastrointestinal Resistance for On‐Demand Probiotic Delivery
Authors: Xie Xin , Li Qinyuan , Jia Lufan , Yuan Hao , Guo Ting , Meng Tao
Published: January 2023

Probiotic‐based oral therapy can potentially prevent and treat diseases by regulating the balance of intestinal flora. However, significant loss of viability and bioactivity of probiotics before reaching the colon results in low delivery efficiency and therapeutic effects, which limits their clinical applications. Here, this work proposes a multishell colloidosome (MSC) platform with sequential gastrointestinal resistance for on‐demand probiotic delivery based on biomimetic mineralization and microfluidic technology. Notably, the viability of the decorated probiotics increases 280‐fold compared to that of free bacteria during preservation. Because of the sequential gastrointestinal resistance of MSC, encapsulated probiotics exhibit high viability (61%) under continuous exposure to extreme acidity, bile salt erosion, and enzymatic action, whereas free bacteria have a viability of 0%. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies reveal that MSC mainly releases probiotics in the colon and improves colonic colonization by probiotics to maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier and regulate the balance of intestinal flora. Consequently, MSC significantly improves the therapeutic effect on colitis in mice. The MSC platform provides a promising delivery strategy to enhance the efficacy of orally administered probiotics.