bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRENGTHENING NAHDLATUL ULAMA THROUGH THE ISTIGHOSAH MUSABBI'AT TRADITION IN KALIBELUK VILLAGE, WARUNGASEM DISTRICT, BATANG REGENCY
Authors: Rizqi Muhamad Taufiq
Published: June 2022

Istighosah Musabbi'at is a diploma obtained by KH. Dimyati Rois from his teacher KH. Ahmad Ru'yat while staying at the APIK Islamic Boarding School. KH. Ahmad Ru'yat got this practice from his teacher, KH. Idris Solo. KH. Idris got it from KH. Saleh Darat Semarang or commonly known as Mbah Saleh Darat, and Mbah Saleh got it from KH. Nawawi Banten. From the description above, we can see that istighosah is one of the characteristics of the amaliyah of Nahdliyyin citizens.The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the origin of the emergence of the Istighosah Musabbi'at tradition and its development until now and to know and analyze the Istighosah Musabbi'at tradition as an effort to strengthen the Nadhatul Ulam's.The type of research used in this research is qualitative research. While the approach used in examining this problem is a case study approach. Sources of data needed in this study in the form of primary and secondary data sources. This primary data is in the form of data from the implementers of the Istighosah Musabbi'at tradition, secondary data in the form of articles, journals and books related to the problem being researched. In collecting data, researchers took three ways, namely observation, interviews and literature study.The results of this study show that Istighosah is one of the characteristics of the amaliyah of Nahdliyyin residents, as is the istighosah musabbi'at tradition in Kalibeluk Village, Warungasem District, Batang Regency, which is a strong identity for Nadliyyin residents in the neighborhood.
A Contradiction in Special Relativity Theory
Authors: Tadesse Henok
Published: June 2022

It is a basic requirement of special relativity theory (SRT) that all relatively moving inertial observers agree on an observable (interference fringe shift, for example). It is shown that SRT trivially leads to a disagreement on the observables ( interference fringe shift) in two relatively moving inertial reference frames. No such contradiction exists in Galilean relativity.
Seizures post-AVM intervention: Protocol for systematic review & meta-analysis of meta-analyses
Authors: Haider Bangash Ali
Published: June 2022

We shall be looking into the incidence and outcomes of seizures after interventions for arteriovenous malformations.
Below Zero
Authors: Desing Harald
Published: June 2022

The current climate debate focuses on how to reach net zero latest by 2050. Most transformation pathways rely on negative emissions to compensate “hard-to-avoid” emissions, for example in aviation, industry or livestock farming. However, even a constant global heating at 1.5°C may trigger climate tipping points, such as the loss of cryosphere, permafrost or ecosystems. It therefore becomes necessary to achieve “below zero” with large-scale negative emissions, reducing atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate forcing. This paper argues for a systemic view and shows with a comparison of past, current and future carbon stocks and flows that storing the minimally necessary removals will already be challenging. Consequently, continued fossil emissions shall be avoided completely, as their compensation increases removals and binds societal resources. For delivering the required scale and speed of negative emissions, scalable technical solutions will have to developed, as bio-based solutions are limited though essential for reverting land use impacts and safeguarding biodiversity. In this context, it is important to investigate the potential of a circular carbon economy, storing carbon in safe and reliable material cycles.
IPPNU RECEPTION FOR READING AL-FATIHAH AS THE OPENING OF THE YASTANA ROUTINE IN BLIGO, BUARAN, PEKALONGAN
Authors: Khoirunnisa
Published: June 2022

Reading Al-Fatihah has indeed become a habit and it seems as if the reading of Al-Fatihah cannot be simply separated from a Muslim. In everyday life, the reading of Al-Fatihah is often used as a routine to start an event, including the Yastana event organized by IPPNU in Bligo Village, Buaran, Pekalongan . However, how did IPPNU know, respond, and accept Al-Fatihah as the opening reading of the event? For this reason, this study was compiled. Using this type of field research, data collection through interviews with attention to phenomena. From this research, there was an acceptance from IPPNU in Bligo Village regarding the reading of Al-Fatihah as an opening. Among them is the knowledge of Al-Fatihah as an opening letter, Ummul Kitab, reading it, is obligatory for Muslims, and granted his blessings. Regarding the feelings after reading Al-Fatihah, it turns out that there is an inner calm that is felt. The response to the routine of Yastana with Al-Fatihah as the opening act is the desire and hope that this custom does not stop here, but can be continued until children and grandchildren later.
Can the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation be Doppler Shifted Light from Receding Superluminal Galaxies ?
Authors: Tadesse Henok
Published: June 2022

In this paper we propose a new idea that the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation ( CMBR ) couldbe Doppler shifted light from receding superluminal distant galaxies. One immediate objection to thisidea is that superluminal velocities do not exist in nature. However, we know that superluminal galaxieshave already been observed. Moreover, in my recent paper entitled " Absolute Motion, Light SpeedLimit, Superluminal Galaxies and Star Light Bending " , I have shown how absolute motion, light speedlimit and superluminal galaxies can co-exist in the universe. Hubble's law also predicts superluminalgalaxies at sufficiently large distances. A new exponential law of Doppler effect is introduced: λ' = λ eV/cand f ' = f e -V/c , where e is Euler's constant. Using the new law of Doppler effect, CMBR frequency andHubble's law we estimate the distance and speed of the superluminal galaxies the CMBR radiation ismainly coming from. The new theory (" Doppler shifted light from superluminal galaxies" ) can alsoexplain the origin of apparently unrelated cosmic X ray background radiation.
MENGIDENTIFIKASI SEGMEN PASAR DAN MEMILIH PASAR SASARAN
Authors: Ihsan Ahmad
Published: June 2022

Setiap produsen selalu berusaha melalui produk yang dihasilkannya dapatlah tujuan dan sasaran perusahaannya tercapai. Produk yang dihasilkannya dapat dijual atau dibeli konsumen dengan tingkat harga yang memberikan keuntugan perusahaan jangka panjang. Melalui produk yang dapat dijualnya, perusahaan dapat menjamin kehidupannya atau nenjaga kestabilan usahanya dan berkembang.Dalam rangka inilah setiap perodusen harus memikirkan kegiatan produknya, jauh sebelum produkini dihasilan sampai poduk itu dikonsumsi konsumen.Untuk mencapai tujuannya, setiap perusahaan mengarahkan usahanya untuk menghasilkan produk yang dapat memberikan kepuasan konsumen, sehingga dalam jangka panjang perusahaan mandapatan keuntungan yang diharapkan. Melalui produk yang dihasilkannya, perusahaan menciptakan dan membina langganan. Oleh karena itu, keberhasialn suatu perusahaan sangat ditentukan keberhasilan usaha pemasaran dari produk yang dihasilkan. Keberhasilan ini ditentukan ketepatan produk yang dihasilkan dalam memberikan kepuasan dari sasaran konsumen yang ditentukannya Dengan kata lain, usaha-usaha pemasaran haruslah diarahkan pada konsumen yang ingin dituju sebagai sasaran pasarnya.dalam hal ini, maka usaha pemasaran yang menunjang keberhasilan perusahaan harus didasrkan pada konsep pemasaran yang tepat untuk dapat menetukan strategi pasar dan strategi pemasaran yang mengarah kepada sasarn yang dituju.
MARKETING MIX
Authors: Ihsan Ahmad
Published: June 2022

Marketing mix adalah satu perangkat yang terdiri dari produk, harga, promosi dan distribusi, yang didalamnya akan menentukan tingkat keberhasilan pemasaran dan semua itu ditujukan untuk mendapatkan respon yang diinginkan dari pasar sasaran. Oleh karena itu bauran pemasaran dianggap sebagai salah satu unsur strategi yang paling potensial di dalam memasarkan produk. Pada saat ini marketing mix dapat diterapkan dalam keselurhan konsep marketing, maka perusahaan benar-benar dalam keadaan kritis atau bahaya. Konsekuensi perusahaan dalam berjuang mempertahankan dan meningkatkan posisi profil adalah sepenuhnya bergantung pada kemampuan pihak manajemen untuk memahami arti dari marketing mix itu sendiri. Dalam marketing mix terdapat 4 variabel
PROMOSI DAN PERENCANAAN PROGRAM PEMASARAN PRODUK BANK SYARIAH
Authors: Ihsan Ahmad
Published: June 2022

Periklanan adalah komunikasi komersil dan nonpersonal tentang sebuah organisasidan produk-produknya yang ditransmisikan ke suatu khayalak target melalui mediabersifat massal seperti tv, radio, Koran, majalah, direct mail(pengeposan langsung),reklame luar ruang, atau kendaraan umum sedangkan, hasil pengkajian Islamberkesimpulan bahwa suatu iklan yang Islami mensyaratkan terpenuhinya rukundan syarat-syarat iklan untuk memastikan agar pengiklan (al-mu’lin), objek yangdiiklankan (al-mu’lan), media iklan-iklan (wasilah al-I’lan), dan penerima iklan(al-mu’lin lahu) tidak bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah. Promosipenjualan adalah bentuk persuasi langsung melalui penggunaan berbagai insentifyang dapat diatur untuk merangsang pembelian produk dengan segera ataumeningkatkan jumlah barang yang dibeli pelanggan. Armada penjualan juga dapatberperan pada saat perusahaan merumuskan segmen-segmen pasar, kebutuhankonsumen dan rasionalitas serta pengembangan produk. Hal ini berlaku khususnyadi pasar-pasar industri di mana riset-riset pemasaran kurang bermanfaat untukdigunakan Para pemasar menggunakan harga barang yang dipoduksi dan dijualuntuk menarik pelanggan dari segala segmen.Para pemasar juga menentukan hargauntuk menarik konsumen pada segmen kecil dari sebuah pasar yang besar.
BAD EFFECT OF ONLINE GAMES FOR TEENAGERS IN PURWOREJO VILLAGE SRAGI DISTRICT PEKALONGAN REGENCY
Authors: lanaaa Tri langgaaa
Published: June 2022

Online games are currently being loved by teenagers. Because playing online games isvery fun to fill spare time. However, not a few teenagers play online games for dailyactivities. They can play up to 5-8 hours a day. This phenomenon is quite worryingwhere teenagers should spend their time on more useful activities such as studying,reading the Qur'an, and helping their parents, but now they use their time to play onlinegames instead. This study aims to find out how online gamers act when playing gamesand how the surrounding community responds when they meet a teenager who ventshis emotions using harsh words when playing games. This study uses a qualitativemethod with a phenomenological approach where the researcher asks friends torecommend resource persons according to the desired criteria. From this study, it wasfound that teenagers often spend their time playing games for 5-8 hours. Oftenteenagers who play games express their frustration by saying rude things.
THE TRADITION OF READING YASIN’S AT THE GRAVEL VISIT IN SLATRI VILLAGE, LARANGAN DISTRICT, BREBES REGENCY
Authors: Faza Alfafa
Published: June 2022

The writing in this article aims to examine the influence of the practice of visiting the graves and the impact felt by the Slatri village community from the tradition of reading Yasin's letter in the grave pilgrimage. This research article is based on the living Qur'an, which is an approach to examine social realities related to the values of the Qur'an. this type of research method is descriptive-qualitative. The purpose of this research namely to explain what is meant by reading Surah Yasin in the tradition of visiting the grave, how did the reading of Yasin's letter feel when the reading of Yasin's letter took place in the grave pilgrimage tradition.
The Role of Organizations in Socializing in the Community
Authors: Adawiyah Robiatul
Published: June 2022

An organization is a gathering place for people who work together in an organized way to achieve certain goals using the skills they have. How to find out what the role of organizations in the community is, it is necessary to carry out an analysis that can be done using various methods, and the methods used in this journal are qualitative and phenomenological. So it can be concluded that the role of an organization in socializing in the community is to be able to train and develop one's ability and courage for public speaking. many activities can be done in an organization to train a person's public speaking in socializing in the community, therefore joining an organization can help a person to further develop his or her previously unknown potential.
Instrumen Dan Komponen Kebijakan Fiskal Islam
Authors: Rifaldi Muh
Published: June 2022

Kebijakan fiskal merupakan bagian penting dari kebijakan publik. Secara umum, kebijakan fiskal merupakan kebijakan yang mengatur pendapatan dan belanja negara. Kebijakan fiskal yang rumit diartikan sebagai kebijakan ekonomi yang bertujuan untuk memandu perbaikan kondisi perekonomian dengan menyesuaikan pendapatan dan pengeluaran pemerintah.Kebijakan ini serupa dengan kebijakan moneter yang mengatur jumlah uang beredar, namun kebijakan fiskal lebih menitikberatkan pada pengaturan penerimaan dan pengeluaran pemerintah.
THE PHENOMENON OF PENTASARUFAN ZAKAT FITRAH
Authors: chilmiyah luluatil
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine the practice and understanding of the community regarding the giving of zakat fitrah for babies to traditional birth attendants with middle and upper economic income. This research was conducted in one of the villages in Pekalongan with data collection techniques in the form of observation and direct interviews with three categories of people. The data obtained both primary and secondary data were analyzed using qualitative techniques and then presented descriptively. The results showed that the first practice of pensarrufan zakat was carried out without going through amil zakat from mosque administrators. Traditional midwives were included as mustahiq because their income was not sufficient to support their lives, so there was a need for empowerment of assistance, in contrast to traditional birth attendants who already had a high standard of living. Second, there are differences of opinion between the communities in the villages studied regarding the permissibility of zakat fitrah for babies to traditional midwives, namely a). the community as actors, they have the pretext of being a hereditary custom and as a sense of retribution. b). the public as observers, do not agree with the pretext of the first community but does not dare to comment, worried that they will be envied and kill other people's sustenance. c). community leaders are divided into two groups, those who support and reject
VIEWS OF LEARNING AND OBSTACLES EXPERIENCED BY STUDENTS IN ONLINE LECTURES
Authors: Luthfi Muhammad
Published: June 2022

At the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, all lectures were changed to online or online (on the network). Of course, this online lecture is for students whose homes are far away or who are unable to come to campus. Circumstances like this can certainly cause the learning system to change drastically, where lectures should be face-to-face, now online. This can make students overwhelmed in taking lectures online, because of this pandemic, students cannot face each other anymore with lecturers or other students while studying. This pandemic emerged 2 years ago in February 2019. The purpose of this research is to find solutions to students' barriers to online lectures. This research is taken from a descriptive-qualitative method, the subject is students. The results of this study in terms of internal factors, namely carrying out lectures online, either during learning or practice. Students can no longer go to college as they should, who always go to campus to get knowledge from their lecturers and can also communicate with other students. Communication with the lecturer is a bit difficult and it is also difficult to create motivation. External obstacles include the limitations of gadget facilities, wifi, and internet quota at home, not all students have a stable internet connection and a large quota.
Apparent Constancy of the Speed of Light and Apparent Change of Time of Light Emission Relative to an Inertial Observer in Absolute Motion
Authors: Tadesse Henok
Published: June 2022

Many experiments have been performed over decades and centuries to investigate the problem of absolute motion and the speed of light, with reported results ranging from complete null results and very small fringe shifts to large first order effects. All existing classical and modern theories, including ether theory, emission theory, and special relativity theory, have failed to consistently explain all of these experiments. In this paper, a new model of motion and the speed of light is proposed that can consistently explain many of the known light speed experiments including the Michelson-Morley experiments, stellar aberration, moving source, moving observer and moving mirror experiments, the Lunar Laser Ranging experiment, the Bryan G Wallace Venus radar range data anomaly, the GPS, the Ives-Stilwell experiments, the Marinov, the Silvertooth , the Roland De Witte experiments, and the Sagnac effect, with few anomalies. The new model is proposed as follows. 1. Light always behaves as if it is emitted from the point where the source is relative to the observer/ detector at the instant of emission. 2. The speed of light in vacuum is always constant c relative to the observer/detector. 3. The effect of absolute motion of the observer/ detector is to create an apparent change in time of emission. 4.Light behaves as if it is reflected from the point in space where the mirror is/was at the moment of emission, with the speed of the reflected light equal to c ± 2v , where v is a component of the mirror velocity relative to the observer, which is perpendicular to the plane of the mirror. The new theory not only can explain why the Michelson-Morley experiments give null results, but also why the Marinov and the Silvertooth experiments give large first order effects. It also reconciles the Michelson-Morley experiment and the Sagnac effect. This paper also solves one of the profound puzzles in physics: the speed of electrostatic and gravitational fields. Is the speed of gravity finite or infinite? The answer is that the speed of gravity has dual nature: finite and infinite. Suppose that the Sun disappeared at t = 0. Would Sun’s gravity on Earth disappear instantaneously or with the delay of the speed of light? At t = -8.3 minutes, the Sun ‘anticipates’ its own disappearance after 8.3 minutes and sends a zero gravitational field towards the Earth, which travels at the speed of light and reaches the Earth at t = 0, coinciding exactly with the instance of disappearance of the Sun!
KebijakanPendapatan dan KebijakanPengeluaranEkonomi Islam Pada Masa Rasulullah SAW dan Masa Khulafa’Urrasyidin
Authors: Rifaldi Muh
Published: June 2022

Pengelolaan sistem moneter pada masa pemerintahan islam diserahkan kepada lembaga Baitul mal. Baitul mal merupakan post yang dikhususkan untuk mengelola semua pemasukan atau pengeluaran harta yang menjadi hak kaum muslimin. Pengelolaan moneterter sebut mengalokasikan dana untuk penyebaran Islam, pendidikan dan kebudayaan, pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, pengembangan inprastruktur dan penyediaan layanan kesejahteraan sosial.
Relative Risk Aversion: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Elminejad Ali , Havranek Tomas , Irsova Zuzana
Published: June 2022

We collect 1,021 estimates from 92 studies that use the consumption Euler equation to measure relative risk aversion and that disentangle it from intertemporal substitution. We show that calibrations of risk aversion are typically larger than estimates thereof. Moreover, reported estimates are typically larger than the underlying risk aversion because of publication bias. After correction for the bias, the literature suggests a mean risk aversion of 1 in economics and 2--7 in finance contexts. The reported estimates are systematically driven by the characteristics of data (frequency, dimension, country, stockholding) and utility (functional form, treatment of durables). To obtain these results we use nonlinear techniques to correct for publication bias and Bayesian model averaging techniques to account for model uncertainty.
Belief in Persistent Moral Decline
Authors: West Bryan , Pizarro David Alexander
Published: June 2022

Across four studies (3 experimental, total n = 199; 1 archival, n = 186,000) we provide evidence that people hold the belief that the world is growing morally worse, and that this belief is consistent across generational, political, and religious lines. When asked directly about which aspects of society are getting better and which are getting worse, people are more likely to list the moral (compared to non-moral) aspects as getting worse (Studies 1-2). When provided with a list of items that are either moral or non-moral, people are more likely to report that moral (compared to non-moral) items are worsening (Study 3). Finally, when asked the question “What is the most important problem facing America today?” participants in a nationally representative survey (Heﬀington et al., 2019), disproportionately listed problems that fall within the moral domain (Study 4).
Development and validation of Fears of Compassion in Sport Scale (FCSS)
Authors: Zhang Shuge , McEwan Kirsten
Published: June 2022

Research suggests that self-compassion might offer a protective factor against psychological distress to athletes. However, qualitative research suggests that athletes are fearful of compassion. To date, fears of compassion have not been examined in athletes. The current study adapted an existing measure of fears of compassion (Gilbert et al., 2011) to measure fear of self-compassion (FSC) and receiving compassion from others (FCO) specifically in a sport context compared with a general life context. The psychometric properties of the adapted scale were assessed across three samples of sport participants (total N = 792, of which 60% were competitive athletes). The new instrument demonstrated very good factorial validity, measurement invariance (especially across sport types and participating levels), concurrent, discriminant and predictive validity, internal consistency, and good test-retest reliability. Results indicated that both FSC and FCO in sport were negatively associated with compassion and associated positively with vulnerable narcissism and psychological distress. Meanwhile, sport participants were more fearful of self-compassion but less fearful of receiving compassion in sport context compared to in general life. However, it was FCO, not FSC, predicted psychological distress at three months follow-up after controlling for changes over time. The new instrument offers researchers and practitioners a way to assess fears of compassion in athletes, providing new knowledge in the roles of different fears of compassion in sport and insights into integrating compassion in sport.
Access to formal childcare among families of newly arrived migrants from non-EU countries in France
Authors: Eremenko Tatiana , Unterreiner Anne
Published: June 2022

Labour force participation of female migrants from non-EU countries, particularly recently arrived, is lower than among other groups and more affected by the presence of children. While care responsibilities are the primary reasons for this situation—immigrant families have a lower use of formal childcare services and less possibilities to receive informal support—the respective role of structural constraints and norms and preferences in this result still raises questions. In addition, families from non-EU countries may encounter greater difficulties in accessing public services, including formal childcare. We explore the determinants of participation in early childhood education (ECEC) among families of recently arrived migrants from outside of the EU in France. We use the Longitudinal Survey on the Integration of First-Time arrivals (Elipa 2) carried out among third country nationals receiving a first residence permit in France in 2018 and focus on their small age children (0–2 years). ECEC enrolment rates are lower than in the general population, and this appears to be primarily linked to these families’ disadvantaged socio-economic position in the destination country. However, families’ distinct socio-economic and cultural resources, as well as their origin, also shape their use of public services. These results contribute to a better understanding of the specific needs and obstacles faced by these families, and identify potential areas for policy actions.
Sosiologi Ibnu Khaldun
Authors: Bakhri Syamsul
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualititatif dengan pendekatan analisis isi. Membahas mengenai Ilmu masyarakat manusia, Masyarakat Badui dan Hadar, Asabiyyah/ Solidaritas Sosial Masyarakat/ Perasaan Kelompok/ Loyalitas Kelompok, Perkembangan akal budi masyarakat, dan metode analisis sosial terpadu Ibnu Khaldun.
Pulmonary Functions and Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of Road Construction Workers of West Bengal, India
Authors: Mandal Majee Anindita , Dutta Sutanu
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Road paving construction workers are exposed to bitumen, asphalt, and other aliphatic amines. They are also exposed to high temperatures and dust during the processing of asphalt production and transport of hot asphalt and bitumen to the working site. Bitumen fumes and asphalt produce respiratory irritations and shortness of breath in asphalt workers. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the respiratory impairment of asphalt workers on exposure to bitumen fumes and to assess cardiovascular stress on exposure to high temperatures and heavy workload.
Methods: This cross-sectional study has been made on 32 asphalt workers and 20 control group workers of Kolkata city of West Bengal and its surrounding. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and heart rate were measured by standard procedure. Respiratory parameters were taken by Digital Spirometer (Spirovit SP1) and respiratory symptoms & musculoskeletal problems were recorded by a standard questionnaire.
Results: The study indicated that prolong exposure to bitumen fumes may enhance the risk of lung impairment by reduction of all respiratory parameters (p< 0.05-0.001). Smoking habits and the reluctance to use protective gadgets among asphalt workers increase the risk of respiratory distress.22% of workers reported chest tightness, 20% had Chronic Bronchitis and10% suffered from Bronchial asthma. The maximum percentage of Paver operators showed Chest tightness (83.33%), Chronic Bronchitis (100%) and Bronchial asthma(66.66%). Musculoskeletal Disorder(MSD) among Paver operators was maximum(33.3-50%). Odds ratio values of the prevalence of respiratory disorder and MSD with >10years of exposure to bitumen fumes vary from 2-4.5.    Exposure to high temperature and heavy workload, mainly among asphalt strippers and paver operators might be the reason for higher heart rate. The awkward working posture might be the cause of musculoskeletal disorders among them.
Conclusion: The use of appropriate respiratory protection and the introduction of modern equipment and technologies can reduce the emission of bitumen fumes to protect the health of asphalt workers.
Ergonomics Evaluation of Manual Lifting Task on Biomechanical Stress in Symmetric Posture
Authors: Vijaywargiya Anurag , Bhiwapurkar Mahesh K , Thirugnanam A.
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Manual lifting operations continue to play a key role in the industrial and service sectors, inflicting physical strain on the musculoskeletal system, despite advances in automation. As a result, an experiment is carried out to assess the impact of two lifting task parameters; weight and height, based on the estimation of subjective responses and biomechanical loading, while lifting the weight symmetrically in the sagittal plane. Also to recommend the safe limit for manual lifting tasks.
Methods: Twelve volunteer male students in the age group of 21 to 26 years performed lifting tasks from floor to 5 different heights (below the knee to ear level), with 5 different weights (10 to 20 kg) using free-style lifting techniques. The load pan with no handle was used for lifting weight, which is typically adopted in the Indian building construction field. The subjective estimate was obtained using workload assessment by body discomfort chart. The biomechanical loading (loading rate) for each lifted weight and height was collected using a force platform.
Results: The results showed that heavier weights produced higher stresses than lower weights. The loading rate was found to be almost similar at waist or knee level. The loading rate was observed to be linearly increasing after waist level. The overall workload rating seems to be a good correlate with the mean loading rate to some extent.
Conclusion: It is proposed to keep the maximum acceptable lifting weight from floor to knee, up to the ear level is 15 kg, to prevent any musculoskeletal or chronic injury.
A Review on Residual Solid Propellant Disposal Methods Using HRIM, RISK Score Matrix, Safety Consequence Analysis and Environmental Impact Analysis
Authors: Megaraj Meikandan , N Nancy Grace
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Solid propellants are high energetic materials used for Launch vehicles and military applications. During solid propellant processing residual propellant generates due to less pot life, machining for insulation lining, scaled and sub scaled trials for mechanical and ballistic properties prediction. A conventional method for disposal of residual propellant is open-air burning; other alternate methods in the literature are incineration, wet air oxidation and molten salt destruction.
Methods: Hazard assessment is carried out for the disposal methods both conventional and alternate.  Preliminary hazard analysis (PHA), Hazard Risk Index Matrix (HRIM), Risk Score Matrix and as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) are used to assess the Hazard.
Results: Based on the study and calculations Open air burning is having less risk score and medium level safety risk acceptance and tolerable risk which can mitigate. Open-air burning is the safest, efficient and cost-effective way to dispose of the high energetic material but the disadvantage of this method is environmental pollution, high temperature and toxic gases exposure to fire personnel. Based on safety consequences analysis, the 1 gram of solid propellant is found to be 1.308 grams of Trinitrotoluene (TNT) equivalency, and one-time open burning creates 3.822 KPa overpressure on the atmosphere where minimum overpressure to create damage effect is 5 KPa.
Conclusion: The environmental impact analysis for disposing of solid propellant gives information about different pollutants, their concentrations in the atmosphere at different altitudes and their impact. Solid propellants are hazard reactive materials they were the one exception under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) that controls the destruction of hazardous waste.
Burnout among doctors working at a tertiary care hospital during pandemic of COVID-19 in Kashmir Valley, India
Authors: Nazir Umar , Aleem Seema , Jeelani Asif
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Burnout syndrome (BO) has negative consequences for the doctors, their family members, co-workers, and also the patients. We conducted this study to estimate the prevalence of BO among doctors working in a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir valley just after the peak of the second COVID-19 wave.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among doctors working at one tertiary care hospital in Kashmir Valley. Participants included interns, residents (junior and senior residents) and faculty members. An online questionnaire containing Oldenburg Burnout Inventory to estimate burnout was used for data collection from 1st to 10th July 2021. In addition, the questionnaire captured demographic information, job profile and work-related information. Mean scores of ≥ 2.25 on exhaustion and ≥ 2.1 in the disengagement domain were used to define burnout. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate associations.
Results: Of the 322 participants in the study, 119 (36.9%) had completed their post-graduate degree. Of the participants, 150 (46.6%) had to perform 6 or more-night shifts per month and, 61 (18.9%) had previously been diagnosed with COVID-19. Of the participants, 257 (79.8%) had BO, 24 (7.5%) were exhausted and 17 (5.3%) were disengaged. BO was associated with female gender, younger age, number of night duties and emergency room duties per month, being a resident doctor and history of COVID-19 infection on binary logistic regression.
Conclusion: This survey reported a very high prevalence of burnout among doctors. Addressing BO among healthcare workers should be a key priority for improving quality of life among doctors and to improve quality of care.
Research-based Education for Development and Social Change
Authors: Dhamala Bhupa P.
Published: June 2022

Not available.
Women's Participation in Foreign Labour Migration and Spousal Violence: A Study on Returnee Women Migrant Workers in Nepal
Authors: Kharel Arjun , Gurung Amrita
Published: June 2022

While existing studies point to a high degree of physical and sexual violence 1against women in Nepal, there is a lack of studies assessing the extent of violence among women who participate in foreign labor migration. This paper tries to fill this research gap by assessing the prevalence of spousal violence against women in overseas employment by using survey and interview data from a non-probability sample of 138 returnee women migrant workers (WMWs). The data used in this paper was collected in Dhading and Rupandehi districts in 2017 by a team of researchers, including the authors of this paper, for a comprehensive study on gender-based violence against WMWs. The study found the rate of lifetime physical violence among WMWs ten percent higher than the national average of 22 percent (MOHP 2012). This rate was highest among Dalit women and women above 35. The physical and sexual violence rates were lowest among women with secondary education or above. Similarly, the rates of physical and sexual violence were lowest among the WMWs whose husbands had secondary or higher levels of education, and the rates were highest among the WMWs whose husbands did not have a formal education. The study found only a weak relationship between women’s participation in labor migration and violence from their husbands and family members. For many WMWs, the violence prevailed in the pre-migration and post-return phases, and some women had participated in labor migration due to the violence in the family itself.
Perceptions of Pre-service Teachers on Impact of Language Learning Strategies
Authors: Kadel Purna Bahadur
Published: June 2022

This study attempts to identify pre-service teachers' perceptions on the impact of language learning strategies to achieve their academic performances and to findout the importance of language learning strategies to be self-regulated learners. This is a narrative inquiry research design in which an in-depth interview was used as a tool to collect data. Six pre-service teachers who have been studying in Master of Education English fourth semester were selected using a purposive, non-random sampling procedure. The findings of this study show that language learning strategies help second language learners be self-regulated learners; they help them learn quickly, fast, and effectively and help them encounter complicated tasks. Furthermore, language learning strategies help them to develop their self-assessment skills and enhance cooperation and collaborative learning.
Decentralization of Corruption in the Education Sector: An Analysis of Anti- Graft Reports
Authors: Budhathoki Shak Bahadur
Published: June 2022

The Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority (CIAA) annual report points out that complaints related to the education sector for financial misuses occupy the largest share consistently in the past few years. In this context, the paper aims to draw on types and patterns of educational corruption in Nepal in the context of education decentralization since 2000. Further, it interprets how it takes place and its associated factors. Undertaking the qualitative content analysis of annual reports of CIAA and Office of the Auditor General (OAG) of Nepal between 2010 and 2015, this article portrays financial irregularities taking place consistently under construction work, teacher salary, and student-related grants - showing or allocating more funds, releasing additional teacher salary and inflating student numbers. The existing literature on education decentralization and corruption entails various factors for financial mismanagement - lack of local capacity, elite capture of public funds, etc. Using education decentralization as a theoretical lens (Mc Ginn & Welsh, 1999), this paper argues that poor monitoring and lack of policy implementation are major factors for the misuse of education finance in Nepal, coupled with complex procedural aspects of the public fund flow system. Thus, an adequate support system, especially during the early phase, can facilitate the decentralization of education and combat corruption.
Knowledge regarding obstetric danger signs among mother attending antenatal clinic at Scheer Memorial Adventist Hospital, Banepa, Kavre
Authors: Manandhar Nirmala , Tamang Manita
Published: June 2022

Knowledge about obstetric danger signs is very crucial for preventing obsterric complication. Globally there was 211 maternal deaths per 1,00,000 live birth in 2017. The maternal mortality ratio for Nepal is 239 deaths per 1,00,000 live births in 2016. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge regarding obstetric danger signs among pregnant mother attending ANC at Scheer Memorial Adventist Hospital, Banepa, Kavre, Nepal. Total 100 respondents were selected using non probability purposive sampling technique through a semi-structured interview questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS-16 using descriptive statistics (mean, frequency, standard deviation and percentage) and inferential statistic Chi Square. The study shows that mean age of the respondents was 25.56±4.307. More than half of the respondents (53%) were from 15-25 age group. Majority of respondent (97%) were literate. Fifty six percent of respondents had adequate knowledge on obstetric danger signs, while 27% of respondents had moderate knowledge and few respondents (17%) had inadequate knowledge. There is no any significant relationship with knowledge with selected variable age, educational status, gravida, week of gestation and -number of ANC visit. Thus it is concluded about that the entire pregnant mother requires some interventions for the awareness regarding obstetric danger signs from the beginning of ANC visit. ANC visit should be focused more than eight times as recommended by WHO.
Study of variations in origin and course of cystic artery in relation to Calot’s triangle
Authors: Pradhan Allin , Lama Chhiring Palmu , Dhungel Shaligram
Published: June 2022

Calot’s triangle is an anatomical space and also known as “triangle of cholecystectomy”. It is bounded medially by Common hepatic duct, laterally by cystic duct, and superiorly by the under surface of liver and its main contain is Cystic artery. The variation in the origin and course of the cystic artery can cause serious problems resulting, severe arterial bleeding during any surgical procedures. Hence, variations in the Calot’s triangle are very important for the surgeons. An observational cross sectional study was carried out in Department of Anatomy of two Medical Colleges in Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 30 embalmed human cadavers were dissected, in 27 cases (90.0%), cystic artery arose from right hepatic arteries, the mean length was 11.47 mm. One (3.3%) cystic artery arose from proper hepatic artery, one (3.3%) from superior mesenteric artery and one (3.3%) from accessory hepatic artery and the length of the cystic arteries were found to be measured as 15.88 mm, 27.49 mm and 24.17 mm respectively. The cystic artery was also found to be lying inside and outside the Calot‘s triangle in 96.7% and 3.3% respectively. In 26 cases (86.7%) cystic arteries were observed as passing posterior to the common hepatic duct. Further in 2 cases (6.7%) cystic arteries were found to be lying anterior to the common hepatic duct. Result also showed as in 1 case (3.3%) it was running anterior to the bile duct and in 1 case (3.3%) between right and left hepatic ducts. In conclusion the variations in the origin and course of the cystic artery are essential in performing cholecystectomy (open or laparoscopic).
Correlation between disc damage likelihood scale and vertical cup disc ratio with Automated Humphrey Perimetry in glaucoma patients attending a tertiary care hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Singh Pranisha , Rijal Aditya Prasad
Published: June 2022

Glaucoma is the second leading ocular disease of irreversible blindness. Glaucoma is a progressive disorder and requires serial evaluation in order to monitor disease progression and optimize therapy. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between disc damage likelihood scale (DDLS) and vertical cup disc ratio (VCDR) with the results of Humphrey field analyzer (HFA) parameters. This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study. A total of 104 eyes of 52 patients diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma or normal tension glaucoma were examined. DDLS staging, VCDR and HFA 24-2 visual fields were obtained from the patients. The correlation of DDLS and VCDR with Mean deviation (MD), Pattern standard deviation (PSD) and Glaucoma hemi field test (GHT) of HFA was calculated by Pearson correlation coefficient (r). DDLS showed a coefficient correlation value of r = -.628, r = .391 and r = .395 (p = <0.000) when correlated against HFA MD, PSD and GHT respectively. VCDR showed a coefficient correlation value of r = -.524, r = .317 and r = .221 when correlated against HFA MD, PSD and GHT respectively. DDLS has a better correlation compared to VCDR with all the parameters.
Analysis of Rhodamine B dyes in cotton sugar in Pasuruan Regency
Authors: Nisa Manzila Fitrotun , Jayadi Lukky , Fajar Ibnu
Published: June 2022

Rhodamine B is a synthetic dye that is used to dye textiles, but it is often misused to color a street food product such as cotton sugar. The short-term effects of Rhodamin B if it comes in contact with the skin or eyes are irritation of the affected area, acute poisoning, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, dizziness and hypersalivation. While the long-term effects caused are irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, disorders of several reproductive functions such as infertility or infertility, damage to liver and kidney function. This research was conducted to determine the use of Rhodamine B dye in cotton sugar in Pasuruan Regency. The cotton sugar used as the sample was taken from 3 different places, namely Markets (sample A), Town Square (sample B) and Store (sample C) representing the Pasuruan district. Analysis of cotton sugar was carried out by the color drawing method using wool yarn with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results showed that the three samples were negative and did not contain Rhodamine B red dye, this can be seen from the Rf value which cannot be calculated because on the KLT plate no orange stain was formed under the 366 nm UV lamp. It can be concluded that cotton sugar in Pasuruan Regency is safe for consumption because it does not contain red dye Rhodamin B
Collegiality as a Fundamental Professional Value in an Academic Setting: A Case Study in a Teacher Education Institution in a Small Island Developing State
Authors: Doorgakant Yesha Mahadeo , Baichoo Radha Rani
Published: June 2022

Collegiality is believed to entail “always acting in good faith, [...], in concert with one’shonest judgment as to the best interests of one’s institution” (Siegel, 2004, p. 411). Thisunderstanding of collegiality is deemed to be output-oriented and missing out on importantunderlying concepts and values related to the construct. While research shows thatcollegiality as a concept and a practice is well anchored in corporate jargon and settingswhere collaborative efforts among employees are capitalised upon for the optimisation ofoutput, there seems to be a dearth of literature on the importance of collegiality in relationto personal well-being in the professional set-up. Moreover, in academic settings, collegialityas a concept has been extensively researched in relation to teacher collegiality, but there isvery little mention of how collegiality influences well-being in work life among academics inhigher education institutions. This paper seeks to explore the understanding that academicsin a teacher education institution have of the concept of collegiality and its impact on theirprofessional stance and job-related personal well-being. It addresses the question of whethercollegiality should be incorporated as a fundamental professional value within a teachereducation institution as this is deemed to have implications for human capital development.The study shows that though the corporate logic of the use of collegiality for enhanced performance is the most prevalent practice even in an academic set up, academics have alsoappropriated the concept to include a strong element of social and emotional intelligence.
A Living Educational Theory Research Approach to Continuing Educational, Professional Development
Authors: Whitehead Jack , Huxtable Marie
Published: June 2022

An argument for adopting a Living Educational Theory Research approach to the processof continuing educational, professional development is presented. A living-educational-theory(a term coined by Whitehead by 1989) is the valid, values-laden and evidence-based explanation of the practitioner for their educational influence in their own learning, in the learning of others and in the learning of social formations. An educational-practitioner develops their living-educational-theory research methodology as they research into their practice to understand and improve it and to generate valid accounts of their living-educational-theory. A Living Educational Theory Research approach to professional development has been used to enhance professionalism in diverse fields of practice andcultural contexts over many years. Examples are given of the difference adopting a Living Educational Theory Research approach has made to improve educational and professional practice. The difference is focused on realising professional educational responsibilities tocontribute to the knowledgebase of education and a global educational knowledgebase forthe flourishing of Humanity. The difference is also grounded in practitioners accepting thei reducational responsibilities for living their values as fully as possible and for sharing the knowledge they are creating. Examples drawn from India, England, South Africa, Pakistan and Bangladesh serve to emphasise the global influence of a Living Educational Theory Research approach to continuing, educational professional development.