bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Pathogens Causing Leaf Blight on Teak in The Nursery PT Solusi Bangun Indonesia
Authors: Firmansyah Muhammad Alam , Surono  , Wulandari Syarifah Raihan
Published: August 2024

Teak is commonly used as a revegetation plant because of its ability to live on critical land and its vigorous defense system against disease attacks. However, it must be recognized that teak plants can still be attacked by disease. This study aims to identify pathogens that cause leaf blight in teak in the nursery. This research method includes field observations using the census method and Koch's postulate test. Field observations showed that the area of leaf blight attack reached 93%, with widespread disease characteristics in brown necrotic areas. Koch's postulate found S1, S2, S3, and S4 isolates. The microscopic identification of pathogens showed that isolates S1 and S2 were Rhizoctonia sp. with characteristic characteristics of leafy hyphae adjacent to branching, a branching angle of 90°, no spores were found, and an irregular monyloid structure. Isolates S3 and S4 are Curvularia sp. with characteristics of hyphae that are septate. Conidia consists of 4-5 cells with one enlarged cell in the middle, and the cell color on the outside or tip tends to be transparent.
Addressing Environmental Vulnerability: Land Cover Dynamics Assessment and Afforestation Strategies in Pakistan for Disaster Resilience
Authors: Nurrochmat Nugraha Akbar , Hassan Najam Ul , Madnee Muhammad , Husaain Hafiz Sajid , Qanitha Mudrika , Bronisz Karol , Ibrahim Muhammad Arslan , Sutrisno Sutrisno
Published: August 2024

Pakistan has a limited forest cover. The present condition of forests in Pakistan indicates a profound apathy. The devastating floods of 2022 in Pakistan killed 1,739 people and caused 15.2 billion USD in economic losses, underscoring the urgent need for proactive environmental management strategies. This study investigates land cover changes, focusing on forest cover, in Pakistan from 2017 to 2023, aiming to inform policy and mitigation efforts. High precipitation intensity from July to August 2022 exacerbated the impact of the floods, revealing the region's vulnerability. The method uses spatial analysis from Existing artificial intelligence (AI) land classification models, which were enhanced by bringing together a massive training dataset of billions of human-labeled image pixels. The analysis reveals a stark reality: Pakistan's forest cover is a mere 2%, highlighting the critical need for intervention. Examining land cover dynamics over the six years illuminates trends and projections crucial for environmental planning. Protecting existing forest cover along with Government-led afforestation initiatives underway signal a proactive response, intending to bolster environmental resilience and reduce the susceptibility to natural disasters. Insights gleaned from this research serve as a foundation for strategic policy formulation, guiding efforts to enhance environmental quality and safeguard against future calamities in Pakistan.
The impact of land application of palm oil mill effluents on some soil chemical characteristics in The District Karang Tinggi, Bengkulu Tengah Regency, Province of Bengkulu
Authors: Sukisno  , Arianto Wahyudi
Published: August 2024

Palm oil mill effluents are envisaged as fertilizer alternatives in palm oil plantations. This research aimed to estimate the impact of the land application on soil some soil chemical characteristics in the District of Karang Tinggi, Bengkulu Tengah Regency, Province of Bengkulu, Indonesia. The implementation of Land applications of POME was carried out by flowing it from palm oil mill effluent ponds on the ditches (roraks) of palm oil plantation land. The soil sample was collected from the soil with land applications, soil between land applications, and soil without land applications. The result showed that land applications of POME contributed to the increasing soil acidity (pH), K, Ca, Mg, KTK, and base saturation in the soil, with the value tend to decline in soil depth. The land applications of POME also contributed to the increasing phosphor and oil/fat in the topsoil.
The Effectiveness of LED Light Spectrum Exposure on Gonad Maturation of Male Synodontis (Synodontis sp.)
Authors: Sinansari Shofihar , Sudrajat Agus Oman , Arfah Harton , Alimuddin Alimuddin , Carman Odang , Kusrini Eni
Published: August 2024

This study assesses the impact of the LED light spectrum on the reproductive development of male synodontis (Synodontis sp.) broods. Male synodontis were subjected to four distinct LED light spectra, namely: white, blue, green, and red, each continuously for 120 days of rearing. This experimental study used a completely randomized design, with four treatments and five individual fish replications per treatment. The gonadosomatic index (GSI), sperm quality (volume, density, and motility), testosterone levels, and testicular histology were analyzed. After 120 days, the blue LED light showed the best GSI and sperm quality. Testosterone hormone levels fluctuate in each treatment, with blue, red, and green LEDs having four peak treatments on days 12, 48, 60, 84, and 108, while white (control) light bulbs have two peak hormone level on days 12 and 60. Furthermore, fish that were exposed to blue LED light had more testicular cells growing and more spermatozoa spread out than fish that were exposed to red, green, or white LED light. Thus, this research demonstrates that blue light effectively accelerates gonad maturation in male synodontis.
Genetic diversity of local rice varieties in Kampung Naga- Tasikmalaya West Java based on RAPD
Authors: Nurhasanah Ade Nena , Rahmawati Syamsidah , Fitriah Nurul , Rachmat Agus , Astuti Dwi , Windiastri Vincentia Esti , Widyajayantie Dwi , Pantouw Carla Frieda
Published: August 2024

Kampung Naga is a traditional village for the Sundanese tribe located near Tasikmalaya, West Java Province, Indonesia. Agriculture serves as the primary economic activity for the people of this community, both inside and outside of the cultivated lands. They continue to use conventional agricultural practices to preserve local wisdom passed down by their ancestors to ensure food security in the village. A total of eleven local rice varieties widely cultivated in Kampung Naga used in traditional ceremonies were tested in this study. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and relationship among the local rice varieties cultivated in Kampung Naga. We used RAPD markers in the testing process to measure genetic diversity more precisely and efficiently. The data was analyzed using NTSys and grouped based on their genetic similarity. Cluster analysis to form a phylogenetic tree in a dendrogram was constructed using UPGMA. Based on the genetic relationship analysis, the eleventh rice varieties were clustered in two groups with genetic similarity ranging from 25.53%-88.89%. Saptinah and Cere were clustered in one group, while the others in the other cluster. The genetic distance between these varieties was quite high (above 0.5). The genetic diversity and relationship observed in this study emphasize the importance of determining of the genetic identity of local varieties for sustainable use and support rice breeding initiatives.
Acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity and phytochemical screening of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) as anti-dementia agents
Authors: Nurinsani Elgiani Yassifa Yulia , Andrianto Dimas , Safithri Mega
Published: August 2024

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that results in progressive cognitive deterioration. The AD therapeutic approach with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors aims to boost cognitive function by raising acetylcholine levels in synaptic neurons. Piper crocatum Rui & Pav has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting its potential to alleviate AD symptoms. This research aims to investigate the inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in vitro and identify the active compounds present in the fractions of red betel leaf. The methods of this research are Ellman’s colorimetric method and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). The red betel leaf fractions demonstrated effective AChE inhibition, as reflected by their IC50 values: 11.0965 μg/ml (ethanol extract), 16.7908 μg/ml (ethyl acetate fraction), 23.7390 μg/ml (n-hexane fraction), and 41.0044 μg/ml (water fraction). The ethanol extract with the lowest IC50 value was analyzed by LC-MS. The result showed 200 active compounds, 28 of which had concentrations exceeding 0.5%. The predominant active compounds include flavonoids, steroids, polyphenols, alkaloids, phenolics, vitamins, and carboxylic acids. In conclusion, the ethanol extract of red betel leaf shows promising potential as an AChE inhibitor, suggesting its use as a therapeutic agent to enhance cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's Disease.
Refining the irrigation water requirement model for paddy field land preparation by empirical data
Authors: Arif Chusnul , Purwanto Moh Yanuar J. , Saptomo Satyanto Krido , Sutoyo  , Heryansyah Arien , Sofiyuddin Hanhan A.
Published: August 2024

Currently, the reference for establishing irrigation water requirements for paddy field land preparation (KAIPL) relies on the Van de Goor & Zijlstra (VGZ) model, assuming a constant discharge. While practical for planning, this method often leads to wasteful implementation. Thus, this study aims to introduce a refined model for determining KAIPL (modified model of VGZ, called MVGZ), emphasizing water efficiency through intermittent irrigation. The proposed model integrates inundation during specific periods and at varying water levels applied to three distinct soil textures. To validate its effectiveness, the model was compared against field measurements conducted at two locations in Karawang, West Java, and Gowa, South Sulawesi. Findings reveal distinct coefficients for heavy, medium, and light soil textures—0.79, 0.76, and 0.73 respectively. Compared to the VGZ model, the developed model demonstrates significant water savings ranging from 10% to 36%, ensuring more efficient irrigation practices. Thus, the MVGZ model emerges as a promising tool for determining KAIPL with enhanced water conservation capabilities.
The effect of conical basin geometry on gravitational water vortex power plant
Authors: Mamadjanov Abdushoxid , Yusupov Dilshod , Berkinov Elmurod , Akmalov Jamshid , Jalilov Muxriddin
Published: August 2024

This research paper presents an analysis of improving the efficiency of a gravity eddy micro hydropower plant, which is an effective solution for low pressure water flows, by determining the optimal geometry of the conical basin. The geometry of the basin is the main parameter that directly affects the height of the vortex, the suspension of the full air mass in the center of the vortex, the achievement of a high value of the tangential speed of the vortex and, at the same time, the efficiency. Conical basin geometry analyzes were performed using SOLIDWORKS Flow Simulation. In this research work, the tangential speeds of the simulation model vortex formed by changing the cone part of the conical basin at angles of 25º-60º relative to the vertical were determined and it was based on the fact that the optimal value of the deviation angle is 45º.
Increase efficiency at the expense of changing the working mode using time-differentiated tariffs
Authors: Muratov Khakim , Kadirov Kamoliddin , Kushev Alijon , Yusupaliyeva Xulkaroy
Published: August 2024

This article is devoted to the issue of the role of tariffs in the energy system and the creation of methods for managing and improving electricity consumption regimes with the correct use of tariff periods in electricity consumption. Taking into account the above-mentioned issue, it is possible to smooth the load schedule of the system of electrical energetics by managing the power consumption regimes of industrial enterprises with the correct use of tariff periods. The use of a time-differentiated tariff system for electricity consumption will increase the energy efficiency of industrial enterprises and settling the load schedule the system of electrical energetics.
The Contributions and Challenges of China’s Rural Energy Transition
Authors: Deng Yun , Ran Xueling , Zhou Yuguang , Dong Renjie
Published: August 2024

After several stages of development, China has made great achievements in rural energy. However, the low-efficiency and high-pollution solid fuels that characterize the main source of energy consumption in rural areas remain unchanged. Under the constraints of achieving the carbon neutrality goal in 2060, the existing energy system needs to be transformed to create a sustainable energy system in order to further enhance the economy of rural areas in China. To accelerate the transition of rural energy, this paper answers the following questions based on rural energy consumption characteristics and policies, literature analysis: Why is the rural energy transition important for China at national and rural levels? How the rural energy transition can contribute to the development of rural areas? What are the challenges to implementing the rural energy transition? The paper concludes that China’s rural areas can achieve both economic and ecological development through rational use of its vast space and natural resources, which will be valued upwards of 450 billion CNY and 800 Mt CO2eq respectively. Rural energy transition will face a number of challenges from infrastructure, socio-cultural, and program development. Accordingly, Therefore, there is a need to strengthen infrastructure, raise public awareness and deepen the tripartite cooperation between government, enterprises and farmers to deal with the above problems.
Modern features of urban development: A case study from Uzbekistan
Authors: Madrimov Rajabboy , Tashtaeva Saida , Kasimov Khasanboy , Yusupov Hasanboy
Published: August 2024

This article describes the development features of Tashkent agglomeration in conditions of independence of Uzbekistan and market relations. The urban agglomeration was approached as a unique social environment, economic space, innovation, and infrastructure and investment space. Territorial composition of the capital agglomeration was analyzed and ways of regulating it in accordance with market relations were recommended. This paper develops the theory of agglomeration support carcass which provides its formation, existence and spatial compounds with using the geostructural and regional analyses and here have been identified their importance in the future development of the urban territories. In this article population were divided into two zones according to the purpose of attracting residents to the center and it based on research and questionnaires which provided in the satellite cities: zone 1, which dominates daily traffic, with population commutes for work and study and in the second zone prevails weekly and monthly traffic. And some ways to regulate the territorial composition of the capital agglomeration in accordance with market relations are recommended.
FEA of GTAW process parameters for dissimilar materials of aluminium alloys
Authors: Panthangi Ravi Kumar , Pant Shivani , Abbas Haider M. , Parpiyeva Umida , Saparbaeva Nasiba , Sanduru Bhanuteja , Kumar Sandeep
Published: August 2024

The precision and adaptability of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), a popular welding technique, are well-known when it comes to combining disparate materials, especially aluminum alloys. In these kinds of applications, quality and integrity of welded joints are contingent upon the optimization of process parameters. With the help of Finite Element Analysis (FEA), engineers may effectively simulate and optimize welding operations by predicting the impact of various parameters on the quality of the weld. In order to better understand the welding process and produce higher-quality welds, this study focuses on the FEA of GTAW process parameters for various materials of aluminum alloys. Using FEA simulations, the primary goal of this research is to examine the impact of GTAW process parameters on the quality of welded joints between dissimilar aluminum alloys. The experimental setup entails the production of specimens made of aluminum alloy, followed by regulated GTAW welding. To verify FEA predictions, welding experiments record real-time data of process parameters and weld quality. Utilizing commercial software programs, the FEA simulations are carried out with material parameters, boundary conditions, and heat source models unique to GTAW processes for aluminum alloys. To evaluate the precision and dependability of the models, experimental data and the outcomes of FEA simulations are compared. The results shed light on the best way to combine process variables to get high-quality welds in different aluminum alloys. The study also looks into how process improvement may reduce errors and enhance the mechanical qualities of welded joints. All things considered, this work advances GTAW process parameter optimization for dissimilar material welding and provides engineers and researchers in the manufacturing, aerospace, and automotive industries with useful assistance. This study's findings may contribute to more dependable and effective welding procedures, which in turn may improve the performance and robustness of welded components in a range of applications.
Finite element analysis of bonded, riveted and hybrid joints in glass fibre epoxy composite laminates for aircraft structure
Authors: Kulkarni Santosh , Singh Devendra , Hussain Laeth , Balaji V. , Sharma Ajay , Jumaniyozov Khurmatbek , Kenjaeva Kamila
Published: August 2024

Because of their superior fatigue resistance and high strength-to-weight ratio, composite materials are essential to the construction of modern airplanes. The joints that interconnect the various parts of these structures play a critical role in their integrity and functionality. In aerospace applications, bonded, riveted, and hybrid joints are among the many types of joints that are frequently used. A thorough finite element analysis (FEA) of hybrid, bonded, and riveted joints in glass fiber epoxy composite laminates for airplane structures is presented in this work. The literature review addresses earlier studies on bonded, riveted, and hybrid joints and emphasizes the importance of joints in composite constructions. There are gaps in our knowledge of these joints' performance under various stress scenarios, despite the fact that previous research offer insightful information about the mechanical behavior and failure processes of these joints. The mechanical behavior of composite materials and the fundamentals of FEA are explained by the theoretical basis. Additionally covered are basic principles that control the behavior of bonded, riveted, and hybrid joints; they set the foundation for further investigation. The manufacturing procedure, experimental setup, and specimen preparation for testing bonded, riveted, and hybrid joints are all described in the methodology. With parameters changed to examine their influence on joint performance, finite element models are created to mimic how joints behave under different loading scenarios. Experiments on mechanical testing of joints yield useful information about failure mechanisms, stiffness, and strength. To verify the accuracy of the numerical models, these outcomes are contrasted with FEA predictions. An analysis of the variables affecting the functionality of various joint types reveals the benefits and drawbacks of each. The stress distribution, deformation, and load-carrying capability of bonded, riveted, and hybrid joints are presented by the results of finite element analysis. The results show how various joint configurations impact structural behavior, offering important information for structural integrity and design optimization. Results from FEA and experimental investigations are interpreted in the discussion, with special attention to the implications for structural applications in airplanes. The comparative study of joint types provides direction for choosing the best joint designs to satisfy particular design specifications. To sum up, this research advances our knowledge of hybrid, bonded, and riveted connections in glass fiber epoxy composite laminates used in aircraft construction. The results provide important information for creating joints that satisfy demanding aerospace performance standards, thereby improving the dependability and safety of aircraft structures.
Study on agricultural waste utilization in sustainable particleboard production
Authors: Okeke Francis O. , Ahmed Abdullahi , Imam Adil , Hassanin Hany
Published: August 2024

The construction industry plays a crucial role in the global economy, but its heavy reliance on forest resources has led to significant environmental concerns, such as deforestation and climate change. The growing demand for sustainable and affordable building materials has driven researchers to explore the potential of agro-industrial wastes as alternative raw materials for particleboard (PB) production. This study aims to contribute to the growing body of knowledge on sustainability in the built environment by examining the trends, key factors, and environmental implications of utilizing agro waste in particleboard manufacturing through a comprehensive review of recent research. Utilizing the PRISMA approach, this study selects and systematically reviews 50 journal articles and conference papers from Scopus database, published between 2000 and 2024. Research findings reveals a diverse range of agro waste such as sugarcane bagasse, rice husks, corn stover, peanut shells, wheat straws and coconut fibers etc, been successfully used as raw materials for particleboards manufacturing. The bibliometric analysis highlights present focus on production processes, adhesive systems, particle properties, and material optimization. Also, the performance of agro based particleboards is influenced by the type and proportion of agro waste, particle size and geometry, adhesive type and content, and processing conditions. While the use of synthetic resins currently dominates the research landscape as binders, there is growing appetite for bio-based and natural adhesives. However, challenges such as seasonal availability and the need for additional processing must be addressed for large-scale adoption. The study concludes with recommendations for collaborative research, eco-friendly adhesive development, and supportive policies to promote the use of agro waste particleboards in sustainable construction.
The Effect of Curing and W/c ratio Differences on Mechanical Behaviour of Oil Palm Shell Concrete with Fiber Mask
Authors: Zaki Ahmad , Yadi Seplika , Ayucahyani Firda , Ekawati Lina , Mahbubi Khairil
Published: August 2024

The use of oil palm shells aims to reduce the amount of waste and make concrete environmentally friendly, but it also has maximum flexural and compressive strength values. The proportion of oil palm shells used is 10%, the optimum value as a substitute for coarse aggregate. The test specimens used concrete blocks of dimension 10×10×50 cm and cylinders of diameter 75 mm and height 150 mm. This study has a variation value of the water–cement ratio (w/c ratio) of 0.37 and 0.48 and contains FM additives with a percentage of 0% and 0.2% and 0.25% superplasticizer. There are five concrete curing methods to find the most effective: soaking concrete with plain water, lime water, and salt water, placing it in a temperature room, and wrapping wet burlap sacks—28-day test samples tested for compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete. Based on the results, the highest flexural strength value is 2.45 MPa in the curing method of soaking with plain water in the concrete with a w/c ratio value of 0.37 and 0% FM. The highest compressive strength value was 31.32 MPa using the burlap sack curing method, w/c ratio value 0.37, and 0.20% fiber mask.
Study on velocity field of the flow asymmetrically constrained by through spurs
Authors: Bakiev M. , Matkarimov O. , Yakubov K. , Khalimbetov A.
Published: August 2024

Erosion of river banks, as a type of water erosion, is widespread worldwide. To combat the harmful effects of water flow, various types of channel regulation and bank protection structures are widely used. Piled-through structures are common on flat rivers. Compared to solid structures, the advantage of these structures is lesser flow disturbance, resulting in shallower erosion depths at the head of the structure. Previous studies have addressed many issues such as one-sided and symmetrical two-sided constriction, erosion depths at the head and between piles, etc. This article examines the asymmetric constriction of flow by through spurs, which typically occurs when the flow is directed towards a water intake point. Experimental studies were conducted in a flume with dimensions of 40x75x800, with a longitudinal slope of 0.00012 and a Froude number less than 0.25, typical for flat rivers. The degree of flow constriction ranged from zero to one, and the angle of spur installation varied from 60° to 90°. The concept of asymmetry coefficient was introduced as the ratio of the length of the shorter spur to the longer one, ranging from zero to one. Affinity of the velocity field in the intensive mixing zone was experimentally established, following the theoretical dependence of Schlichting-Abramovich. The angle of jet expansion on the main section was found to be 0.15. Using momentum and continuity equations, dependencies were derived to determine flow velocity on the jet axis, side flows, and lengths of expansion zones, facilitating the determination of subsequent spur installation locations.
Influence of library building design features on daylighting of reading spaces
Authors: Christiana Okwuosa Chiamaka , Martha Basil Amaka-Anolue , Offia Ibem Eziyi , Okeke Francis Ogochukwu , Emeka Okwuosa Ogechi
Published: August 2024

Library building design features contribute to the performance of indoor daylight. Reading spaces in library buildings require effective daylighting for high productivity. This study evaluated the indoor daylight quality of three reading spaces, namely Esut-Hall A, Esut-Hall C, and Esut-Hall F, located in the main library of Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT). The research aimed to assess the influence of individual building design features on the daylight performance of these spaces. The study adopted case study research, in combination with building simulation with Velux daylight visualizer software. The first result identified sixteen building design features that influenced the daylight quality. The second result indicated that the daylight quality values of Esut Hall A and Esut Hall F passed the 50% threshold for mean UDI300lux-2000 lux DA, UDI300lux-500 lux DA, and DF, showing that they have good daylight quality. For the remaining reading space, it was recommended that the area of the effective windows should be increased, and top light windows should be introduced.
Study on pozzolanic activity of porphyrites of the Karatau deposit
Authors: Khadzhiev Azamat , Atabaev Farrukh , Jumaniyozov Arslon , Yakubov Yusufboy
Published: August 2024

This paper presents the results of a comprehensive analysis and determination of the hydraulic activity of porphyrites from the Karatau deposit to determine the possibility of using it as an active mineral additive to cement. Based on the results obtained, new types of local hydraulic additives are recommended for use, providing partial replacement of expensive Portland cement clinker and improving the performance properties of Portland cement.
Fungal diseases of chickpeas in irrigated and rainfall areas of Uzbekistan and their control measures
Authors: Razzakova Nazigul , Bababekov Kalandar , Gulmurodov Riskibay , Rakhmonov Jalil
Published: August 2024

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a staple leguminous crop in Uzbekistan, where it is cultivated for both human consumption and fodder purposes. The white-grain varieties are primarily grown for food, while the black-grain varieties are cultivated for fodder. However, the cultivation of chickpeas in Uzbekistan is often challenged by various diseases, including root rot, ascochitosis, fusarium wilt, and powdery mildew. Scientific observations have highlighted the prevalence of these diseases in chickpea crops, necessitating the selection of disease-resistant varieties and the development of effective disease management strategies. Research efforts have focused on identifying the types of pathogens responsible for these diseases, studying their spread and development, and evaluating the efficacy of seeds and fungicides in controlling them. Root rot, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris, powdery mildew, caused by Leveillula taurica f.ciceris, and ascochytosis, caused by Ascochyta rabiei, are among the most common diseases affecting chickpeas in Uzbekistan. These diseases can significantly reduce crop yields and quality, making them a major concern for chickpea farmers. In field conditions, the occurrence and severity of these diseases can vary between irrigated and rainfed fields. Understanding these variations is crucial for developing targeted disease management strategies that take into account the specific conditions of each field type.
Impact of construction waste on the environment and its recycling methods
Authors: Shakirov Numonjon , Aminov Khamza , Madrimov Rajapbay
Published: August 2024

The rapid expansion of construction and industrial activities in Uzbekistan has led to a proportional increase in secondary man-made waste. This trend underscores the urgent need for sustainable practices and resource management strategies. There is a growing consensus on the importance of conserving natural resources and recognizing construction waste as a valuable secondary resource within the economy. By focusing on the recycling and processing of this waste, not only can the environmental impact of construction and industrial sectors be mitigated, but current economic and environmental challenges can also be addressed effectively. This approach involves several key strategies, including the development of technologies and processes for the efficient recycling of construction debris, the promotion of policies that incentivize the reuse of materials, and the implementation of industry standards that encourage sustainability. Furthermore, public awareness and education on the benefits of recycling and waste management can play a crucial role in fostering a culture of sustainability and environmental stewardship. Through these combined efforts, the republic can make significant strides in reducing its environmental footprint, conserving natural resources, and transitioning towards a more circular economy.
Comparative evaluation of biological parameters in the creation of heat-resistant breeds and hybrids of mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori L.)
Authors: Batirova Aziza , Umarov Shavkat , Sokhibova Nigora , Karimov Oybek
Published: August 2024

This article provides information on scientific research conducted in the "Ecology of Silkworm Breeding and Prevention of Chemical Poisoning" laboratory of the Silkworm Scientific Research Institute (Uzbekistan) on the creation of heat-resistant, high-yielding breeds and hybrids suitable for summer and autumn. Due to the lack of bivoltine and polyvoltine breeds of mulberry silkworm resistant to harsh continental climatic conditions of Uzbekistan, within the framework of scientific research, genotypes were selected in the population of monovoltine breeds, which are resistant to sudden changes in spring and summer, hot temperature and dry conditions, and preserve the genetic and genetic potential to the maximum. Based on them, several breeding generations were isolated, and information was provided on the research in the direction of creating heat-resistant high-yielding breeds and hybrids based on the selected families. In the initial selection studies carried out in 2021-2023, the egg productivity indicators of the promising Line 1, Line 2, Line 15 and Line 16 systems, i.e. the number of eggs, egg weight, and the number of unfertilized and dried seeds, were analyzed and given a comparative assessment.
Factors and problems of chemical pollution of soils in Uzbekistan
Authors: Mirkhaydarova Gulmira , Ruzmetov Maksud , Turdaliev Jamolbek
Published: August 2024

The article delves into the pressing issue of soil contamination by heavy metals, providing a comprehensive overview of how elements like lead, cadmium, and zinc accumulate in soil environments. Highlighting the extensive factors that contribute to this accumulation, it draws attention to the industrial activities, agricultural practices, and environmental pollution, especially from vehicular emissions along highways, that significantly contribute to the problem. The negative impact of heavy metals on soil health is a focal point, with specific emphasis on the decline in soil's biological activity and the reduction in levels of vital nutrients such as nitrogen, in both ammonium and nitrate forms, which are crucial for plant growth and soil fertility. Moreover, the article sheds light on the consequences of heavy metal accumulation not only on soil health but also on the broader ecosystem and human health, considering the potential for these metals to enter the food chain. It specifically mentions the findings from scientific studies conducted in the soils of the Surkhandarya and Namangan regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as in districts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. These studies reveal concerning levels of heavy metal contamination that exceed permissible norms (PN), indicating a significant environmental issue that requires urgent attention.
Cluster analysis on introduced soybean variety specimens
Authors: Kholmurodova Guzal , Tangirova Gulchekhra , Saidova Aziza , Yuldasheva Rano , Yusupova Feruza
Published: August 2024

The research presented in the article includes the analysis of several grapevine varieties, focusing on their resistance to drought. Among the varieties studied are CH27(-266), CH3(-008), and US-44(-641), which were subjected to thorough examination. Additionally, a cluster of varieties including CH28(-268), KO20, CH7(-014), US-14(-382), CH11(-018), and KO18 was identified as being resistant to drought stress. The analysis of these varieties was conducted using cluster dendrogram analysis, which confirmed the findings of previous studies. This method helps to visualize the similarities and differences between varieties based on multiple traits, allowing researchers to identify patterns and groupings within the data. By using cluster analysis, researchers were able to determine the level of mutual affinity among the cross-breeding forms. This analysis revealed a high variability of valuable traits for the economy, indicating the potential for separating recombinants with a positive set of these traits. This information is crucial for grapevine breeders and researchers, as it can guide them in selecting the most optimal combinations for breeding programs aimed at developing drought-resistant grape varieties.
Methods of increasing the productivity of desert pasture soils
Authors: Saidova Munisa , Namozov Normamat , Tursinbaev Mirzabek , Teshabaev Begzod , Kuchimova Madinabonu
Published: August 2024

Expanding on the initial text, integrating agrotechnical measures with ecological and biotechnological strategies is crucial for the sustainable management of desert pasture soils. Among these strategies, the use of mycorrhizal fungi and beneficial bacteria to enhance soil fertility and plant growth offers a promising avenue. These microorganisms improve nutrient uptake by plants, increase water retention in soil, and contribute to the stabilization of soil structure, thereby mitigating the adverse effects of soil salinity and aridity. Furthermore, the application of organic amendments, such as compost and biochar, can significantly improve soil organic matter content, enhancing soil physical properties and increasing its capacity to support microbial life. In addition to biological approaches, adopting water-saving irrigation technologies like drip or subsurface irrigation systems can play a pivotal role in the efficient management of scarce water resources in desert areas. These systems minimize water loss through evaporation and runoff, ensuring that water is delivered directly to the plant roots where it is most needed. Another aspect worth considering is the introduction of agroforestry practices in desert pastures. The integration of trees and shrubs with pastoral and crop production systems not only provides shelter and food for livestock but also contributes to soil protection, biodiversity enhancement, and carbon sequestration, further counteracting the process of desertification.
Influence of nitrogen and mineral fertilizer application on technological quality indicators of winter wheat harvest and grain in repeated soy crop
Authors: Iminov Abduvali , Kuziboev Shukhratjon , Ulugov Chorshanbi , Togaeva Sarvinoz
Published: August 2024

Pre-sowing nitrogen treatment of Soybean grown as a repeated crop had a positive effect on the grain yield of winter wheat. In the control, which was not treated with nitrogen before planting soybean seeds, winter wheat in the next year provided a higher grain yield of 1.7-2.1 quintals/ha compared to treated options. Also, the use of P90 K60 fertilizers in Soybean grown as a repeated crop helped to increase the grain yield by 2.8-2.9 quintals/ha compared to the control options where no mineral fertilizers were applied. It was determined that the most optimal norm of mineral fertilizers N60 P90 K60 kg/ha was used in the maintenance of Soybean seeds grown as a repeated crop, inoculated with nitragin and in non-inoculated controls. Compared to the control options, the protein content of winter wheat grain was higher by 0.7-0.8%, the gluten content by 1.1-1.3%, and the natural index of the grain by 30.9-32.1 g/l. The highest yields of winter wheat were inoculated with nitragin prior to planting soybean seeds. In the control, the norm of mineral fertilizers N60 P90 K60 kg/ha was used as a follow-up crop, and it was taken from the variant treated with winter wheat, and it was 61.7 quintals/ha. It was determined that the amount of protein was 14.2-15.0%, the amount of gluten was 27.9-28.4%, and the natural (volumetric) weight of the grain was 806.4-813.1 g/l.
Hydrogeospatial analysis and predictive modelling of the dynamics of the Amu Darya River basin under evolving climate scenarios
Authors: Charyyeva Orazjemal , Mommyyev Annamuhammet , Bayrammyradova Amangul , Atayeva Mahek , Berdiyev Allaberdi , Saparova Gulnabat
Published: August 2024

This paper conducts an analysis of the hydrogeospatial features and predictive modelling in the Amu Darya River basin in Turkmenistan, considering the evolving climate conditions. It emphasizes the notable influence of climate change on the water resources in the area, characterized by escalating temperatures, reduced precipitation, and heightened aridity. The primary aim of the investigation is to scrutinize the dynamics of the basin by examining crucial climatic elements such as precipitation, temperature, and aridity. The study encompasses three key aspects: evaluation of the present water resources, scrutiny of hydrological patterns over a 50-year period, and formulation of a predictive model for river flow until 2050. Turkmenistan experienced an elevation of 0.6°C in average temperature from 1986 to 2015 compared to 1881-1960, particularly notable during the summer. This rise in temperature was concomitant with a 10% reduction in precipitation across the region. Projections utilizing the REMO 04/06 model indicate a projected 1.5°C temperature increase by 2050, alongside minor modifications in precipitation but increased variability. Consequently, the runoff in the Amu Darya River could see a substantial decline, especially during the summer months. Through the amalgamation of meteorological, hydrological, and satellite data, the study harnessed the WEAP modelling tool to craft an innovative predictive hydrological model. This pioneering analysis furnishes invaluable insights into the repercussions of climate change on water resources in the Amu Darya River basin, presenting pioneering estimations of the impact of climatic factors on water availability.
The role of red californian earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in polymer waste decomposition
Authors: Allakuliyeva Gulalek , Omadov Azat , Begmatov Ilkhom , Misekova Maya , Nurmedova Gulchehre , Serdarova Selbi , Bashimova Arzuv
Published: August 2024

This study delves into an in-depth exploration of the physiological and behavioral characteristics of Eisenia fetida, also referred to as the red Californian earthworm, thriving within the arid climate of Turkmenistan. The investigation encompasses an extensive assessment of their growth rates across different seasons, shedding valuable insight into the exceptional adaptability of these earthworms in diverse environmental conditions. Furthermore, it endeavors to elucidate the remarkable potential of red Californian earthworms in effectively consuming polyethylene film and plastic particles, thereby accentuating their substantial and pivotal role in the degradation of polymer waste within ecosystems. The current global production of polyethylene and plastic waste amounts to an astounding 2 billion tons daily, of which a mere 20% undergoes recycling for the production of new goods. The disproportionate amount of unrecycled waste is released indiscriminately into the ecosystem, posing a formidable environmental challenge. Polymer waste exhibits an exceptionally slow decomposition rate, spanning over 400-500 years [1, 2], or emits hazardous compounds, such as dioxins, when subjected to incineration. Hence, the integration of red Californian earthworms in the natural decomposition of polymer waste, facilitating the conversion of hazardous material into a beneficial, waste-free by-product, emerges as a critical and pressing consideration. This investigation represents an inaugural exploration into the capacity of red Californian earthworms to decompose polyethylene and plastic waste, shedding illuminating light on their potential pivotal role in fostering ecologically sustainable waste management practices and furthering our understanding of ecosystem restoration.
Study on the significance of irrigation technology for carrot growth
Authors: Burkhonova Munisakhon , Matyakubov Bakhtiyar , Nazaraliev Dilshod , Mamataliev Adkham , Botirov Shavkat
Published: August 2024

This article discusses the cultivation of carrots in various soil conditions in the Tashkent region using water-saving irrigation technology. Furthermore, the history of growing vegetable crops, the methods of determining the mechanical composition of the soil in the experimental field, as well as the application of the principles of using the world's water resources, the areas of carrot cultivation in the republic, and the varieties used in cultivation are discussed. In addition, research methodology and mathematical-statistical analysis were conducted. The experiment was carried out in accordance with methodological manuals and agrotechnical measures, and 220 kg of nitrogen, 160 kg of phosphorus, and 100 kg of potassium were given per hectare, taking into account the gray soil of the researched area.
Assessing the Technical and Economic Efficiency of Improving the Ameliorative State of Saline Land: A Case Study of the Syrdarya Region
Authors: Aripov Islon , Ochildiev Otabek , Majdunova Durdona , Pochuzhevskyi Oleg
Published: August 2024

This article examines the economic efficiency of land reclamation measures for desalinating saline land, using the example of a hypothetical farm in the Syrdarya province of Uzbekistan. The evaluation method employed is the calculation of discounted costs. The results indicate that the payback period for works on weakly and moderately saline lands is 4 years and 3 years, respectively, with a net discounted income of $58,375 and $143,678 for the hypothetical farm under analysis. It is established that desalinisation of highly saline lands is unprofitable and they should be excluded from agricultural turnover.
Changes in the composition and concentration of soil solutions in seasonal dynamics of irrigated agriculture
Authors: Sidiqov Saidjon , Gafurova Lazizakhon , Ergasheva Olimaxon , Yunusova Sayyorakhon , Zakirova Salomat , Abdushukurova Zamira , Rustamova Rano
Published: August 2024

The investigation focused on examining the seasonal fluctuations in the chemical composition and concentration of soil solutions in irrigated automorphic soils within diverse agricultural zones. It was observed that the composition, concentrations, and relative ratios of various compounds in the soil solutions undergo seasonal variations throughout the growing season, influenced by the process of plant nutrition. The initial stages of the growing season exhibited elevated concentrations of soil solutions, gradually declining towards lower concentrations as the growing season advanced and approached its conclusion. These fluctuations are indicative of dynamic changes in the soil's chemical profile, influenced by the varying nutritional demands of plants at different stages of growth. The observed patterns underscore the intricate interplay between plant development and the temporal dynamics of soil solution constituents. This study enhances our understanding of the seasonal nuances in soil chemistry, emphasizing the importance of considering the temporal dimension in agricultural soil management practices to optimize plant nutrition and overall crop health.
Technologies for producing traditional and non-traditional adsorbents for deep purification of aqueous-alcohol solutions based on Paulownia wood
Authors: Jumaeva Dilnoza , Raxmatullaeva Nigora , Ahrorova Ra`no , Abduraximov Akmal , Barnoeva Sayyora , Raximov Umidjon , Toirov Zuvur
Published: August 2024

This article presents the technology of obtaining activated carbon adsorbents from Pavlovnia tree waste in two different ways and in two stages. In the process of pyrolysis, the product is charred in an oxygen-free environment, and then activated in the presence of steam at temperatures from 300°C to 800°C. In the process of thermal activation of adsorbents, separation of tar resin and carbonaceous gases - CO, CO2, СН4 and other gases was observed between 250-400°C. When activated in the presence of water vapor, with the help of a steam generator with a temperature of 180°С-200°C, for 1.5 hours, under a pressure of 50-100 Pa, the loss of tarry resin substances was achieved. It is possible to obtain an adsorbent with high pores.
Research into biologically active plant terpenoids and the mechanisms underlying on biological activity
Authors: Turatbekova Aidai , Masharipova Muxabbat , Umarova Feruza , Khalmuradova Ezoza , Rustamova Rano , Abdixoshimov Muslimbek , Teshaboyev Rivojidin
Published: August 2024

Plant terpenoids, a diverse class of natural compounds, have garnered significant attention due to their wide-ranging biological activities and therapeutic potential. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of plant terpenoids as biologically active substances. It explores their structural diversity, biosynthesis pathways, ecological functions, and their applications in various fields including medicine, agriculture, and industry. Furthermore, the review highlights recent advancements in terpenoid research, challenges, and future prospects in harnessing their full potential.