bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NORMALIZAÇÃO FORÇADA: REENCONTRO ENTRE NEUROLOGIA E PSIQUIATRIA
Authors: Bragatti José Augusto
Published: January 2022

O fenômeno da Normalização Forçada (NF) foi descrito pela primeira vez por Landolt em 1953, ao observar o desaparecimento de descargas epileptiformes no EEG, concomitante com o desenvolvimento de sintomas psicóticos, em uma série de pacientes com epilepsia. Mais tarde, Tellenbach cunhou o termo “Psicose Alternativa” referindo-se especificamente à alternância entre fenômenos clínicos. Finalmente, em 1991, Wolf observou um processo degenerativo envolvido no fenômeno, ao qual ele denominou “Normalização Paradoxal”. Inicialmente, a NF foi explicada por meio de modelos experimentais em animais e a demonstração do fenômeno kindling, em suas subdivisões elétrica e farmacológica. Nesta fase, eram aplicados estímulos elétricos repetitivos a regiões suscetíveis do cérebro (hipocampo e amígdala), numa tentativa de explicar a base fisiopatológica da epileptogênese do lobo temporal. Da mesma forma, através da manipulação farmacológica, especialmente de circuitos dopaminérgicos, as comorbidades psiquiátricas começaram a ter seus mecanismos básicos compreendidos. Com o desenvolvimento de novas técnicas de imagem (EEG/fMRI), estudos na área passaram a focar na conectividade funcional (CF) de diferentes regiões cerebrais, com redes neuronais específicas, que regem as emoções. Assim, foi produzida uma série de evidências relacionando a ocorrência de descargas epilépticas no sistema límbico e consequentes coativação e desativação dessas “redes de estado de repouso”. No entanto, ainda há muitas controvérsias sobre os mecanismos básicos das alterações de redes relacionadas ao controle emocional. Uma metodologia de estudo mais homogênea será necessária para explicar esse interessante fenômeno neuropsiquiátrico com maior precisão.
CAPACIDADE DE ACESSO LEXICAL EM IDOSOS PORTADORES DO VÍRUS HIV
Authors: Houtet Maria Fernanda Siqueira , Marques Viviane dos Santos
Published: January 2022

Introdução: O HIV / AIDS frequentemente afeta o Sistema Nervoso Central e pode causar alteração cognitiva, além de comprometer as funções da memória de trabalho, principalmente o acesso lexical que afeta o desempenho das atividades diárias. Objetivo: O objetivo foi avaliar a capacidade de acesso lexical em idosos com HIV, em comparação com idosos soropositivos. Método: Comparação do desempenho do grupo experimental e controle, após a aplicação do Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) e do Teste de Fluência Verbal (VFT) e análise da correlação da contagem de linfócitos TCD4, tempo de diagnóstico e tempo de uso Antiretroviral. Esta pesquisa foi aprovada pelo CEP com parecer número 1000359. Resultados: Os idosos com HIV / AIDS tiveram desempenho inferior com significância estatística nos testes do MEEM, obtendo pontuação média de 25,6 quando comparados ao grupo controle que obteve pontuação de 27,6 e VFT. A média foi de 15,9 pontos para o grupo experimental e 18,1 para o controle, mostrando pior desempenho no acesso lexical no grupo HIV. Ao correlacionar os testes com a taxa de linfócitos TCD4 com o MEEM, eles mostraram significância para melhor desempenho e quanto menor o tempo de diagnóstico, maiores os escores. Conclusão: O baixo desempenho na capacidade de acesso lexical do grupo experimental quando comparado ao grupo controle reforça a importância de avaliar e intervir precocemente nas funções cognitivas para manter a independência e a qualidade de vida do idoso com HIV / AIDS.
Effect of different compost concentrations on the growth yield of Bombax Ceiba (Simal)
Authors: Ahmad Irfan , Rashid Muhammad Haroon U , Nawaz Shahid , Asif Muhammad , Farooq Taimoor Hassan , Shahbaz Zainab , Kashif Muhammad , Shaheen Mehak
Published: January 2022

Bombax ceiba is an important agroforestry tree species widely distributed throughout the world. It has been extensively grown and planted for eras in hot and dry regions and high humidity zones of southern Asia. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the growth response of B. ceiba in response to different compost treatments. Different morphological traits (plant height, stem height, root length) and biomass (shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight and root/shoot ratio) were measured. Two experiments (pot experiment = seedlings) and (field experiment = saplings) were conducted simultaneously. Different compost treatments: (T0) = (Compost 0% + Soil 0%), (T1) = (Compost 25% + Soil 75%), (T2) = (Compost 50% + Soil 50%), (T3) = (Compost 75% + Soil 25%), (T4) = (Compost 100% + Soil 0%) were applied in the growing media. Results demonstrated that plant growth increased with the increment in compost application. In the pot experiment, B. ceiba exhibited its better growth under 75% of compost application, whereas in the field experiment, 100% compost was helpful for the best production of B. ceiba. Overall, positive effects of compost were observed for the growth of B. ceiba. The plant growth was increased greatly in response to the better content of organic fertilizer, and it was determined that compost enhances soil fertility. It should be implemented as organic fertilizer in agroforestry operations for optimizing plant growth and yield.
In vitro antioxidant and antidiarrheal activities of aqueous and n-hexane extracts of Cucurbita maxima seed in castor oil-induced diarrheal rats
Authors: Tijjani Habibu , Matinja Adamu , Yahya Marwanatu , Aondofa Emmanuel , Sani Akibu
Published: January 2022

Diarrhea is a common health complaint occurring with mild, temporary conditions to a potentially life-threatening condition. Cucurbita maxima (Cucurbitaceae) seed is reportedly used traditionally for the treatment of diarrheal and thus this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidants, total tannins, phenolics contents, and antidiarrheal potentials of n-hexane and aqueous C. maxima seed extracts in castor oil induced diarrheal rats. The n-hexane extract mainly contains oils while the aqueous extract was thick, brown solid. The aqueous and n-hexane seed extract of C. maxima expressed significant 2,2, diphenyl-1-picrythdrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities at 6.25 – 1000 mg/mL with IC50 values of 104.01 mg/mL, 29.27 mg/mL and 26.78 mg/mL for n-hexane, aqueous and vitamin C respectively. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of the n-hexane and aqueous seed extract of C. maxima were significantly lower at higher concentrations compared with that of vitamin C. Furthermore, the total antioxidant capacities of n-hexane (22.08mg/mL) and aqueous seed extract (11.03 mg/mL) of C. maxima were found to be higher than that of vitamin C (134.46 mg/mL). The aqueous extracts (658.33±380.08 mg QE/g) total tannins were not significantly different from the n-hexane extract (468.33±102.55 mg QE/g) while the n-hexane extract contains significantly higher total phenolics (2.93±1.25 mg GAE/g) compared with the aqueous extract (0.19±0.04 mg GAE/g). Percentage inhibition of stooling was found to be 57±22%, 41±16%, and 46±11% for loperamide, n-hexane, and aqueous respectively. The study concludes that aqueous and n-hexane seed extracts of C. maxima (pumpkin) possess in vitro antioxidant activities and antidiarrheal properties.
Sistema de monitoreo de caudal y tirante para el Laboratorio Piloto de Hidráulica de la Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas y Físicas
Authors: Corapi Pietro , Acaro Chacon Ximena Carolina , Gaibor Nieto Joseph Alejandro , Villavicencio Bajaña Willian Francisco
Published: January 2022

Contexto: El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo la elaboración de un sistema de medición y monitoreo de caudal y tirante para el Laboratorio Piloto de Hidráulica de la Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas y Física de la Universidad de Guayaquil, que permita mostrar caudal y tirante en tiempo real además de almacenarlos en un servidor IoT (internet de las cosas). Método: Con el uso del microcontrolador Arduino, un sensor de presión diferencial MPX 5500 y sensores ultrasónicos HC-SR04 para las mediciones según las variaciones de las características del flujo. Resultados: La plataforma IoT permite a docentes y alumnos analizar los datos receptados por cada uno de los sensores en tiempo real durante las prácticas de hidráulica en el canal. Conclusiones: El diseño del prototipo se realizó con componente y software open-source. La calibración de los sensores se efectuó con datos empíricos y practicas realizadas en el laboratorio proporcionados por docentes de la Carrera de Ingeniería Civil.
Responsabilidad social y corporativa y su incidencia en la gestión administrativa del GAD del cantón Pedro Carbo
Authors: Larrea García Angie Mariuxi , Macías Loor Félix Ignacio
Published: January 2022

Contexto: El presente trabajo se centra en analizar la Responsabilidad Social y Corporativa y su incidencia en la gestión administrativa del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Pedro Carbo. Método: El estudio es de campo y su propósito es establecer un acercamiento con la organización caso de estudio, el acercamiento con los colaboradores, así como con el jefe de departamento para recolectar información suficiente de acuerdo al problema planteado, para lo cual se realiza un estudio descriptivo, seguido de una revisión documental con un método inductivo – deductivo. Resultados: Se observa que en el Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del estado de Pedro Carbo, los programas implementados tienen vacíos en las políticas corporativas y de responsabilidad social para contribuir a la gestión del gobierno corporativo. Conclusiones: En el Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado a través de la Gestión Social y la Participación Ciudadana, los programas "Mis mejores años en modo espacio trabajan con la alimentación", "El desarrollo global del niño en el centro del modo de desarrollo del niño" y "Métodos de atención a las personas con discapacidad en el hogar y en la comunidad, centros de rehabilitación para personas con discapacidad”. Las actividades que se desarrollan afectan directamente a los stakeholder del MIES, al alcalde, al consejo cantonal y al equipo técnico, al tiempo que benefician a las personas con discapacidad, los ancianos y los niños, beneficios que se encuentra enmarcado en las políticas de responsabilidad social y empresarial que se lleva a cabo en el proceso de gestión administrativa del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Pedro Carbo.
Diseño urbano: perspectivas desde el ciclismo para el devenir de la ciudad de Guayaquil.
Authors: Sáenz De Viteri Anzules Cristian Roosevelt
Published: January 2022

Contexto: Basándose en una revisión de referencias y experiencias en el plano nacional como internacional, este artículo coteja las particularidades de los ciclistas con aquellas de los peatones y los conductores en general de la ciudad de Guayaquil. Método: Se muestra que los ciclistas gozan de un número sustancial de características privilegiadas que justifican una mayor exploración en términos de una respuesta de proyecto urbano adecuado. Resultados: Focalizándose en cuatro ideas: organización de la comunidad, montajes estratégicos para bicicletas, procesos de diseño y proyectos estructurados; el documento ofrece un marco y consideraciones esenciales para el diseño urbano orientado al ciclismo en la ciudad de Guayaquil. Conclusiones: Concluye con un llamado a considerar seriamente la experiencia del ciclismo en próximos proyectos urbanos sostenibles. Esto supone ir más allá de la preocupación por las instalaciones seguras, así como redes completas a un interés más sustancial en la experiencia del medio ambiente desde la óptica de un ciclista.
ԵՎՐԱՍԻԱԿԱՆ ՏՆՏԵՍԱԿԱՆ ՄԻՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԱՆԴԱՄ ԵՐԿՐՆԵՐԻ ՓՈԽԱԴԱՐՁ ԱՌԵՎՏՐԻ ՎԵՐԼՈՒԾՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ/MUTUAL TRADE ANALYSIS OF EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION MEMBER STATES/АНАЛИЗ ВЗАИМНОЙ ТОРГОВЛИ ГОСУДАРСТВ-ЧЛЕНОВ ЕВРАЗИЙСКОГО ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО СОЮЗА
Authors: Avagyan Misak
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this article is to identify trends in the development of integration processes in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and present the level of trade and economic relations between the participating countries through an analysis of mutual trade between the member countries of the Union. Studying the movement and structure of trade relations between the EAEU member states, there has been identified those economic areas the development which can hence contribute to the expansion of mutual trade. To present the level of trade complementarity between member states, the author calculated the trade complementarity indexes in accordance with the commodity structure of trade of each country with other EAEU member countries and presented their estimates. Finally, some obstacles to the balanced development of mutual trade of the EAEU member countries has been laid out and a number of ways of eliminating them has been then presented.
ԱՆԳԼԻԱԼԵԶՈՒ ՔԱՂԱՔԱԿԱՆ ԽՈՍՈՒՅԹՈՒՄ ՀԱՆԴՈՒՐԺՈՂԱԿԱՆՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ ԵՎ ԱՆՀԱՆԴՈՒՐԺՈՂԱԿԱՆՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ ԱՐՏԱՀԱՅՏՈՂ ՈՃԱԲԱՆԱԿԱՆ ՈՐՈՇ ԱՌԱՆՁՆԱՀԱՏԿՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԻ ՇՈՒՐՋ/ON SOME STYLISTIC FEATURES FOR EXPRESSING TOLERANCE / INTOLERANCE IN ENGLISH POLITICAL DISCOURSE/О НЕКОТОРЫХ СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКИХ ОСОБЕННОСТЯХ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТИ / НЕТОЛЕРАНТНОСТИ В АНГЛОЯЗЫЧНОМ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОМ ДИСКУРСЕ
Authors: Davtyan Elya
Published: January 2022

The article touches upon some stylistic features of speech expressing tolerance and intolerance in modern political discourse. The speeches of presidents and politicians have recently become the subject of study of rhetoric and linguistics, as they contain such formulations, figures and paths, the use of which allows us to suggest that modern political discourse is partly manipulative and declarative in nature and also expresses the speaker’s tolerant or intolerant attitude to a given topic or situation. Therefore, the study of political discourse has theoretical and practical importance.
STRATEGIES OF TEACHING BRITISH ENGLISH AND AMERICAN ENGLISH PHONOLOGY TO EFL STUDENTS/ԲՐԻՏԱՆԱԿԱՆ ԱՆԳԼԵՐԵՆԻ ԵՎ ԱՄԵՐԻԿՅԱՆ ԱՆԳԼԵՐԵՆԻ ՀՆՉՅՈՒՆԱԲԱՆԱԿԱՆ ԱՌԱՆՁՆԱՀԱՏԿՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԻ ԴԱՍԱՎԱՆԴՄԱՆ ՄԵԽԱՆԻԶՄՆԵՐՆ ԱՆԳԼԵՐԵՆԸ ՈՐՊԵՍ ՕՏԱՐ ԼԵԶՈՒ ՈՒՍՈՒՄՆԱՌՈՂՆԵՐԻ ԼՍԱՐԱՆՈՒՄ/МЕХАНИЗМЫ ПРЕПОДАВАНИЯ ФОНЕТИЧЕСКИХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ БРИТАНСКОГО И АМЕРИКАНСКОГО АНГЛИЙСКОГО КАК ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА В СТУДЕНЧЕСКОЙ АУДИТОРИИ
Authors: Mkhitaryan Irina
Published: January 2022

Language has always been perceived as a dynamic entity invariably being changed and adjusted to the needs of speakers. This very fact is meticulously proved by the rich history stance, in accordance of which drastic and abundant changes have been observed in the English language over time. In this day and age, English is a fairly dominant international language and correspondingly is the indispensable inkling to ever-changing world of science. Yet, these facts proven, the majority of English as a Foreign Language (hereinafter, EFL) learners are unaware of the ample linguistic differences between British English and American English (hereinafter, BrE, AmE). The given article aims at elucidating the mentioned differences mainly from the phonlological perspective. Furthermore, we attempt to outline the ways of teaching these differences to EFL students through some activities.
ՍՈՑԻԱԼԱԿԱՆ ՇՈՒԿԱՅԱԿԱՆ ՏՆՏԵՍՈՒԹՅԱՄԲ ՊԵՏՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՄԵՋ ՄԱՐԴՈՒ ԱՐԺԱՆԱՊԱՏԻՎ ԿՅԱՆՔԻ ՍԱՀՄԱՆԱԴՐԱԻՐԱՎԱԿԱՆ ԲՆՈՒՅԹԸ/THE CONSTITUTIONAL NATURE OF “A DECENT LIFE FOR A PERSON” IN A STATE WITH SOCIAL MARKET ECONOMY/КОНСТИТУЦИОННЫЙ ХАРАКТЕР ДОСТОЙНОЙ ЖИЗНИ ЧЕЛОВЕКА В ГОСУДАРСТВЕ С СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ РЫНОЧНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКОЙ
Authors: Petrosyan Rafik , Jomardyan Nune
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the concept of "decent life for a person" as one of the main goals of the welfare state. The study takes into account the developments of the last decade at the national and international levels which bring new approaches and demands to the welfare states. The need for sustainable human development has been considered as well. The authors studied the approaches and the issues of constitutional conception of "decent life for a person" based on the legal-comparative analysis of views in the scientific literature, provision of a people-centered constitution, the realization of everyone's rights, equal opportunities and conditions for starting conditions, as well as on the requirements of the concept “no one will be left behind”. The article also elucidates some possible solutions of these issues.
«ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԻ ՀԱՆՐԱՊԵՏՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՀԱԿԱԿՈՌՈՒՊՑԻՈՆ ՌԱԶՄԱՎԱՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ԵՎ ԴՐԱ ԻՐԱԿԱՆԱՑՄԱՆ 2019-2022 ԹՎԱԿԱՆՆԵՐԻ ՄԻՋՈՑԱՌՈՒՄՆԵՐԻ ԾՐԱԳԻՐԸ ՀԱՍՏԱՏԵԼՈՒ ՄԱՍԻՆ» ՀՀ ԿԱՌԱՎԱՐՈՒԹՅԱՆ 03.10.2019թ. ԹԻՎ 1332-Ն ՈՐՈՇՄԱՆ ՎԵՐԼՈՒԾՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ ԵՎ ԱՌԱՋԱՐԿՆԵՐ/Some issues related to the Decision of the Government of the Republic of Armenia No 1332-N of 3 October 2019 on Confirmation of the Anti-Corruption Strategy of the Republic of Armenia and its 2019-2022 Action Plan/ПРОБЛЕМЫ, КАСАЮЩИЕСЯ ПОСТАНОВЛЕНИЯ 1332-Н ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВА РЕСПУБЛИКИ АРМЕНИЯ ОТ 03.10.2019 ГОДА «Об УТВЕРЖДЕНИИ АНТИКОРРУПЦИОННОЙ СТРАТЕГИИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ АРМЕНИЯ И ПРОГРАММЫ МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ ПО ЕЕ ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЮ НА 2019-2020 ГОДЫ»
Authors: Ayvazyan Aram
Published: January 2022

The Decision of the Government of the Republic of Armenia No 1332-N of 3 October 2019 on Confirmation of the Anti-Corruption Strategy of the Republic of Armenia and its 2019-2022 Action Plan have been studied in the article recognizing its importance in the scope anti-corruption policy implemented by state authorities of the Republic of Armenia. In parallel, some theoretical and law enforcement issues of Plan have been revealed and specific proposals have been made to solve or counteract them as much as possible.
CHALLENGES FOR CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE AND RESPONSIBILITY FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT/ԺԱՄԱՆԱԿԱԿԻՑ ԲԺՇԿՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՄԱՐՏԱՀՐԱՎԵՐՆԵՐԸ ԵՎ ՊԱՏԱՍԽԱՆԱՏՎՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ԴՐԱ ԶԱՐԳԱՑՄԱՆ ՀԱՄԱՐ/ПРОБЛЕМЫ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ И ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬ ЗА ЕЕ РАЗВИТИЕ
Authors: Sadowska Monika
Published: January 2022

Contemporary medicine, at the current stage of technological development, enables us to cope with many health risks. A new generation of diagnostics lets us discover diseases at an early stage of their development and also at an early life of a person, that is during the prenatal age. We try to prevent premature death and to increase the quality of life in situations when it is impossible to cure a person. That is why advancement in medicine should be perceived positively. However, technological development is always accompanied by something unknown, something that could not have been predicted because as there appear factors which make a given process get out of control. Of course, restrictions are imposed on such activities to make sure that what is possible is at the same time legally permitted. A worse situation arises when law cannot keep up with medical advances and what, on the one hand, is to protect life, on the other one becomes a threat to it.
PENYULUHAN TENTANG COVID-19 DAN TATA LAKSANANYA DI KECAMATAN MANGGALA KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Anita Anita , Rauf Darmawaty , Suardi Suardi
Published: January 2022

Coronavirus adalah kelompok virus penyebab penyakit gangguan pernapasan yang disebabkan oleh virus Sars-CoV-2 yang belum pernah teridentifikasi sebelumnya pada manusia. COVID-19 dapat ditularkan melalui percikan batuk/bersin (droplet) dari manusia ke manusia.Oleh karena itu, rekomendasi standar sebagai langkah pencegahan penularan COVID-19 wajib dilakukan sedini mungkin, yang dapat dilaksanakan dengan penyuluhan kesehatan kepada masyarakat melalui kegiatan pengabdian kepada jamaah Mesjdi Al-Hidayah Perumnas Antang Kota Makassar. Pengetahuan mengenai cara menghindari penyakit COVID-19 dan pemeliharaan kesehatan, dengan sendirinya akan meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat. Pengetahuan dan pemahaman masyarakat tentang virus corona dapat diartikan sebagai hasil tahu masyarakat mengenai cara pencegahan, pengobatan dan komplikasinya. Tujuan dilakukan penyuluhan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman jamaah Mesjdi Al-Hidayah Perumnas Antang Kota Makassar mengenai COVID-19 dan tatalaksananya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penyuluhan ini adalah metode ceramah dan diskusi dengan melibatkan interaksi antara peserta dan tim penyuluh.Dari kegiatan penyuluhan ini diharapkan terjadi peningkatan pemahaman peserta penyuluhan mengenai COVID-19 dan tata laksananya .Dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa peserta penyuluhan mengalami peningkatan pemahaman mengenai COVID-
dan tata laksananya .Dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa peserta penyuluhan mengalami peningkatan pemahaman mengenai COVID-19 dan tata laksananya dimulai dari cara pencegahan, pengobatan dan komplikasinya.
Inisiasi Kampung Komplementer Untuk Optimalkan Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak
Authors: Ratnaningsih Ester , Maydianasari Lenna , Widaryanti Rahayu , Muflih Muflih
Published: January 2022

The majority of mothers who have toddlers in Karangrejo Sub-Village, Karangnongko, Tirtomartani Village, Kalasan Subdistrict come to the baby shaman to massage the baby and provide herbs to increase appetite in her child. The public also does not have knowledge of complementary therapies to address mild health complaints without chemical drugs such as cupping, accupoint and herbal therapy. The purpose of community service is to initiate the formation of complementary villages in Karangrejo Sub-Village . The activities carried out are complementary cadre training, baby healthy food movement, toddler and breastfeeding, healthy toddler movement and healthy living community movement with the use of herbs. Monitoring and evaluation are carried out with assistance to motivate the sustainability of the program. The result achieved is (1) The partner has formed and has a complementary village manager; (2) The partners have complementary cadres (3) The partners have carried out complementary village activities, namely healthy food movements for infants, toddlers and nursing mothers, monitoring growth and healthy community movements with the use of herbal plants
Pendidikan Kontrasepsi Pada Wanita Pasangan Usia Subur Sebagai Upaya Antisipasi Baby Bomming Di Masa Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru Pasca Pandemi Covid-19 Di Wilayah Kecamatan Kuta Utara
Authors: Widiastuti Ni Made Rai , Widiantari Kadek
Published: January 2022

The results of family planning services during the COVID-19 pandemic in national scale has decreasedin the number of contraceptive uses reaching 40% in almost all regions in Indonesia (BKKBN, 2020). This couldbe caused by various problems, including an increase in the number of unwanted pregnancies and baby booms orincrease of birth rate. This is due to the obstruction of access to services, delaying access to health facilities dueto fears of contracting COVID-19 and increasing of husband and wife sexual intercourse without usingcontraceptives that inducing pregnancy. Based on the results of Widiastuti's research in 2020, where a survey wasconducted to find out the description of family planning use during the pandemic in the North Kuta District, it wasfound that half of them (53.2%) of respondents were using contraceptives and almost half of them (46.8%) ofrespondents did not use contraception. One of the efforts to suppress the surge in baby births is through the FamilyPlanning program for couples of childbearing age. The aim of this community service is to provide knowledgeabout contraceptive tools and methods in suppressing the surge in baby births. The targets are women ofchildbearing age aged 15-45 years who have not used contraception or who use and do not make repeat visits asmany as 30 people. The implementation of the activity was carried out by assessing the level of understanding ofthe respondents by pre-testing through google forms, implementing counseling, family planning counseling andintroduction of contraceptives and evaluating the material by post-testing via google forms. The results of theactivity show that there is an increase in mother's knowledge about family planning tools and methods, which isexpected to influence the behavior of woman in using contraceptives so that they are expected to anticipate theoccurrence of baby boom.
APPROACHES FOR THE DELIVERY OF SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANTS: A REVIEW
Authors: Kumbham S , Ghate V. , Lewis S. A. ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal - 576 104, Karnataka, India
Published: January 2022

Skeletal muscle relaxants are a broad class of active pharmaceutical ingredients routinely prescribed for a variety of clinical conditions. The design of a successful product in this category relies primarily on the formulation strategies as compared to the drug in question. Almost all of the skeletal muscle relaxants known till date are extensively metabolised by first pass metabolism when administered orally, reducing their bioavailability and thus creating a need for newer methods to deliver the drugs into the body. Another drawback of oral delivery for these drugs relates to the possible side effect profiles. The main objective of this review is to report the current approaches for the delivery of skeletal muscle relaxants. Here, we have discussed the outcome of different techniques adopted in delivering the skeletal muscle relaxants through different routes of administration with an aim of lowering the side effects and providing sufficient concentration of drug in the body.
SUMMARY OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS METHODS OF ANTI DIABETIC GLIFLOZINS EMPAGLIFLOZIN, CANAGLIFLOZIN AND DAPAGLIFLOZIN
Authors: Zaghary W. A , Mowaka S. , Hendy M. S. ,   Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt.
Published: January 2022

Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are relatively new developed effective oral anti-diabetic agents used in treatment of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. They present either alone or in combination with other ant diabetic agents such as linagliptin, Saxagliptin and metformin. Therefore, the necessity to explore and compare the existing analytical and bioanalytical assays used for determination of such drugs either single or in combination is crucial. Many methods were reported in the literature for the bio-analysis and analysis of three novel gliflozins with applying the method on different dosage forms and different chemical and biological samples. Furthermore, this review offered an overview of different methods used for determination of every drug alone in a tabulated comparative way. Moreover, the present review emphasized the most common stability indicating assays to be of interest to the analysts in the area of drug control.
STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF PIOGLITAZONE, AMLODIPINE, ATORVASTATIN AND CLOPIDOGREL
Authors: Monika  , Pandey S. , Chawla P. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Babu Banarasi Das University, Faizabad Road, Lucknow - 226 028, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: January 2022

A new simple, rapid, isocratic and stability indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of pioglitazone (P), amlodipine (AM), atorvastatin (AT) and clopidogrel (CP). Isocratic separation was achieved on Millennium M Sil C18 (125 mm ´4.6 mm) column, with mobile phase comprising of methanol: 0.02 M KH2PO4 (55:45 V/V), pH adjusted 4.0 with 0.01% ortho phosphoric acid. The flow rate was maintained 1mL/min and analytes were screened with U.V. detector. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision and specificity. The drugs were exposed to various stress conditions like acidic and basic hydrolysis, oxidation, exposure to UV light and temperature (dry heat) and the stressed sample were analysed by the proposed method. No co-eluting, interfering peaks from excipients, impurities were observed during stress condition and all the degraded peaks are well resolved from parent peaks.
IN VITRO ANTIUROLITHIATIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF DESMODIUM TRIFLORUM
Authors: Revanasiddappa B.C , Vijay Kumar M. , Shanmukha I. , Kumar H , Aishwarya T. C ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical, Sciences of Nitte -Deemed to be University, Paneer, Deralakatte, Mangalore - 575 018, Karnataka, India
Published: January 2022

The ethanolic extract of Desmodium triflorum (EEDT) was investigated for in vitro antiurolithiatic activity by using nucleation and aggregation methods. phytochemical screening was also undertaken to reveal the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, reducing sugars and sterols in the sample. The In vitro studies showed that the ethanolic extract inhibits aggregation, nucleation and growth of calcium oxalate crystals. The extract exhibited inhibitory action in both nucleation and aggregation assays at significant level. The results of nucleation assay were found to be significant and showed inhibition (60.39%) compared to standard cystone drug (79.59%) and in aggregation assay also showed inhibition (70.89%) compared to cystone (79.22%) at 500μgm/ml concentration. The results clearly indicated that EEDT has the capacity to inhibit the crystal formation and aggregation.
OUR NATIONAL HEALTH AND RESEARCH POLICY: PROGRESSIVE CHANGES
Authors:   Associate Editor, Indian Drugs., Rao Nagaraj N.
Published: January 2022

The suspense and excitement in industry, trade and the stock market during budget time have largely disappeared in the past few years. Gone are the days when movement of manufactured goods was restricted and the tax officials were on the prowl during budget time and soon after. Backed by a strong mandate, this year’s maiden budget by the Honourable Union Finance Minister, Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman, reinforces this government’s continued efforts and plans to improve the health and well-being of the common man.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS OF LORATADINE SOLID DISPERSION USING SUPER DISINTEGRANTS
Authors: Kumar S , Kumar J. V. , Singhal P ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, H.N.B. Garhwal (A Central) University, Srinagar Garhwal - 246 174, Uttarakhand, India
Published: January 2022

The aim of the present investigation was to prepare solid dispersion (SD) of the water insoluble drug. Loratadine using super disintegrants as carrier and formulate it as fast dissolving tablets (FDTs) with an objective to improve solubility and enhance dissolution of drug. The SD’s of the drug were prepared by melt dispersion technique using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 in diferent ratios 1 : 2.5, 1 : 5 and 1 : 7.5. The prepared SD formulations were characterized for equilibrium solubility, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and in vitro dissolution study. The batch containing SD formulation of loratadine showed fastest dissolution (99.87% drug release in 60 min). In this study, fast dissolving tablets were prepared by direct compression method using Croscarmellose sodium, sodium starch glycolate and polyplasdone XL as the super disintegrants. Effect of various super disintegrants on dissolution behavior of tablets was evaluated in phosphate buffer pH 6.8.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES DETERMINATION OF PICROSIDE-II
Authors: Bhusari S. , Chaudhary A , Shrangare G , Rindhe M. , Wakte P. ,   Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Department of Chemical Technology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad - 431 001, Maharashtra, India
Published: January 2022

The aim of the present study is to determine the physicochemical properties of Picroside-II, a phytochemical obtained from the herb of Picrorhiza kurroa. The solubility study of picroside-II shows that it has better solubility in water up to 2.46 mg/mL than organic solvents. The solubility of picroside-II in linseed oil was found to be 71.46 mg/mL. The solubility of Picroside-II in surfactant like Transcutol P and labrasol was found to be 907.80 and 535.90 mg/mL, respectively. Picroside-II had a melting point in the range of 130 to 135°C. The log P value of picroside-II was estimated using shake flask method followed by UV analysis. The log P value of picroside-II was found to be -0.09675, which shows its hydrophilicity. The pKa determination of picroside-II was carried out by using UV-visible spectrophotometer and the pKa value was found to be 7.80. The particle size distribution of picroside-II powder was also carried out and the maximum particles of picroside-II are in the range of 53-75 μm. Flow properties of picroside-II were also studied. bulk and tapped density of picroside-II powder was found to be 0.149 and 0.248, respectively. The Hausner ratio and compressibility index were also calculated and it was found to be 1.66 and 39.99, which confirm the poor flow properities of picroside-II powder. The angle of repose of picroside-II was found to be 41.08°, which shows the passable flow of picroside-II. Water was found to be the better extractive solvent for picroside-II; the extractive value of picroside-II in water was found to be 9.12%.