bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First-line camrelizumab (a PD-1 inhibitor) plus apatinib (an VEGFR-2 inhibitor) and chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer (SPACE): a phase 1 study
Authors: Chen Xiaofeng , Xu Hao , Chen Xiaobing , Xu Tongpeng , Tian Yitong , Wang Deqiang , Guo Fen , Wang Kangxin , Jin Guangfu , Li Xiao , Wang Rong , Li Fengyuan , Ding Yongbin , Tang Jie , Fang Yueyu , Zhao Jing , Liu Liang , Ma Ling , Meng Lijuan , Hou Zhiguo , Zheng Rongrong , Liu Yang , Guan Ni , Zhang Bei , Tong Shuang , Chen Shiqing , Li Xing , Shu Yongqian
Published: March 2024

Patients with advanced gastric cancer typically face a grim prognosis. This phase 1a (dose escalation) and phase 1b (dose expansion) study investigated safety and efficacy of first-line camrelizumab plus apatinib and chemotherapy for advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. The primary endpoints included maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in phase 1a and objective response rate (ORR) across phase 1a and 1b. Phase 1a tested three dose regimens of camrelizumab, apatinib, oxaliplatin, and S-1. Dose regimen 1: camrelizumab 200 mg on day 1, apatinib 250 mg every other day, oxaliplatin 100 mg/m² on day 1, and S-1 40 mg twice a day on days 1–14. Dose regimen 2: same as dose regimen 1, but oxaliplatin 130 mg/m². Dose regimen 3: same as dose regimen 2, but apatinib 250 mg daily. Thirty-four patients were included (9 in phase 1a, 25 in phase 1b). No dose-limiting toxicities occurred so no MTD was identified. Dose 3 was set for the recommended phase 2 doses and administered in phase 1b. The confirmed ORR was 76.5% (95% CI 58.8–89.3). The median progression-free survival was 8.4 months (95% CI 5.9-not evaluable [NE]), and the median overall survival (OS) was not mature (11.6-NE). Ten patients underwent surgery after treatment and the multidisciplinary team evaluation. Among 24 patients without surgery, the median OS was 19.6 months (7.8-NE). Eighteen patients (52.9%) developed grade ≥ 3 treatment-emergent adverse events. Camrelizumab plus apatinib and chemotherapy showed favorable clinical outcomes and manageable safety for untreated advanced gastric cancer (ChiCTR2000034109).
Understanding flash flooding in the Himalayan Region: a case study
Authors: Nagamani Katukotta , Mishra Anoop Kumar , Meer Mohammad Suhail , Das Jayanta
Published: March 2024

The Himalayan region, characterized by its substantial topographical scale and elevation, exhibits vulnerability to flash floods and landslides induced by natural and anthropogenic influences. The study focuses on the Himalayan region, emphasizing the pivotal role of geographical and atmospheric parameters in flash flood occurrences. Specifically, the investigation delves into the intricate interactions between atmospheric and surface parameters to elucidate their collective contribution to flash flooding within the Nainital region of Uttarakhand in the Himalayan terrain. Pre-flood parameters, including total aerosol optical depth, cloud cover thickness, and total precipitable water vapor, were systematically analyzed, revealing a noteworthy correlation with flash flooding event transpiring on October 17th, 18th, and 19th, 2021. Which resulted in a huge loss of life and property in the study area. Contrasting the October 2021 heavy rainfall with the time series data (2000–2021), the historical pattern indicates flash flooding predominantly during June to September. The rare occurrence of October flash flooding suggests a potential shift in the area's precipitation pattern, possibly influenced by climate change. Robust statistical analyses, specifically employing non-parametric tests including the Autocorrelation function (ACF), Mann–Kendall (MK) test, Modified Mann–Kendall, and Sen's slope (q) estimator, were applied to discern extreme precipitation characteristics from 2000 to 201. The findings revealed a general non-significant increasing trend, except for July, which exhibited a non-significant decreasing trend. Moreover, the results elucidate the application of Meteosat-8 data and remote sensing applications to analyze flash flood dynamics. Furthermore, the research extensively explores the substantial roles played by pre and post-atmospheric parameters with geographic parameters in heavy rainfall events that resulted flash flooding, presenting a comprehensive discussion. The findings describe the role of real time remote sensing and satellite and underscore the need for comprehensive approaches to tackle flash flooding, including mitigation. The study also highlights the significance of monitoring weather patterns and rainfall trends to improve disaster preparedness and minimize the impact of flash floods in the Himalayan region.
The characteristics and risk factors of fatal falls among adults aged 60 and above in Southwest China
Authors: Deng Rui , Li Benyan , Qin Mingfang , Yu Xinyi , Sun Junli , Jiao Feng , Huang Yuan
Published: March 2024

Falls constitute a leading cause of unintentional injury deaths among older adults. This study aimed to examine the comprehensive characteristics of fatal falls among older individuals in Yunnan Province, China, to highlight the challenges faced in elderly care. A total of 22,798 accidental fall-related deaths were extracted from China's National Disease Surveillance Points System aged 60 and above between 2015 and 2019. Quantitative and textual data were analyzed to assess the incidence rates of initiating factors, locations, symptoms, and overall survival (OS) outcomes after falling. Hypertension emerged as the most significant intrinsic factor, especially among individuals aged between 70 and 79, female older adults, and urban residents (P < 0.001). Home was identified as the most common location where fatal falls occurred (61.19%). The head was the most commonly injured body region (58.75%). The median of OS for all fatal falls was 2 days (0.13, 30), of which deaths occurred within 24 h [9287 (49.36%)]. There were instances where timely discovery after falling did not occur in 625 cases; their median of OS was significantly shorter compared to those discovered promptly after falling (P < 0.001). Targeted interventions focusing on fall prevention and post-fall care are equally crucial for the well-being of older adults.
Fungal and bacterial species richness in biodeteriorated seventeenth century Venetian manuscripts
Authors: Stratigaki Maria , Armirotti Andrea , Ottonello Giuliana , Manente Sabrina , Traviglia Arianna
Published: March 2024

Historical paper documents are susceptible to complex degradation processes, including biodeterioration, which can progressively compromise their aesthetic and structural integrity. This study analyses seventeenth century handwritten historical letters stored at the Correr Museum Library in Venice, Italy, exhibiting pronounced signs of biodeterioration. The techniques used encompassed traditional colony isolation on agar plates and proteomics analyses, employing nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (nano-LC–MS). Fluorescence microscopy was used for the first time in the historical paper biodeterioration context to supplement the conventional stereoscopic, optical, and scanning electron microscopic imaging techniques. This method enables the visualisation of microorganisms beyond and beneath the paper’s surface through their natural intrinsic autofluorescence in a non-invasive and non-destructive way. The results demonstrate a diverse, complex, and abundant microbiota composed of coexisting fungal and bacterial species (Ascomycota, Mucoromycota, Basidiomycota, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria), along with mite carcasses, insects, parasites, and possibly protists. Furthermore, this study reveals certain species that were not previously documented in the biodeterioration of historical paper, including human pathogens, such as Histoplasma capsulatum, Brucella, Candida albicans, and species of Aspergillus (A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. oryzae, A. terreus, A. niger) known to cause infections or produce mycotoxins, posing substantial risk to both artefacts and humans.
The impact of land transfer policy on sustainable agricultural development in China
Authors: Huo Congjia , Chen Lingming
Published: March 2024

At present, China’s agricultural development presents problems such as increasingly tight constraints on water and soil resources, increased pollution in the process of agricultural production, and noticeable degradation of agricultural ecosystems. So, it is urgent to promote the sustainable development of agriculture. From the perspective of land transfer policy, based on the panel data of 30 regions in China from 2006 to 2020, this paper uses the entropy weight method to calculate the level of sustainable agricultural development. Based on the analysis of the impact mechanism of land transfer policy on sustainable agricultural development, the relationship between land transfer policy and sustainable agricultural development is empirically tested by the continuous difference-in-difference method. The study found that the overall level of sustainable agricultural development in China is relatively low but shows an upward trend. The land transfer policy significantly promoted the sustainable development of agriculture in China. This conclusion is still valid after a series of validity tests and robustness tests. Finally, the corresponding policy suggestions are put forward according to the theoretical analysis and empirical results. Future research will focus on indicators challenging to quantify in agricultural sustainable development and find effective methods to incorporate them into the indicator system. At the same time, find the data of Prefecture-level cities in major grain-producing areas and further improve the measurement and research of agricultural sustainable development.
Research on helmet wearing detection method based on deep learning
Authors: Wei Lihong , Liu Panpan , Ren Haihui , Xiao Dong
Published: March 2024

The vigorous development of the construction industry has also brought unprecedented safety risks. The wearing of safety helmets at the construction site can effectively reduce casualties. As a result, this paper suggests employing a deep learning-based approach for the real-time detection of safety helmet usage among construction workers. Based on the selected YOLOv5s network through experiments, this paper analyzes its training results. Considering its poor detection effect on small objects and occluded objects. Therefore, multiple attention mechanisms are used to improve the YOLOv5s network, the feature pyramid network is improved into a BiFPN bidirectional feature pyramid network, and the post-processing method NMS is improved into Soft-NMS. Based on the above-improved method, the loss function is improved to enhance the convergence speed of the model and improve the detection speed. We propose a network model called BiFEL-YOLOv5s, which combines the BiFPN network and Focal-EIoU Loss to improve YOLOv5s. The average precision of the model is increased by 0.9% the recall rate is increased by 2.8%, and the detection speed of the model does not decrease too much. It is better suited for real-time safety helmet object detection, addressing the requirements of helmet detection across various work scenarios.
Dense monocular depth estimation for stereoscopic vision based on pyramid transformer and multi-scale feature fusion
Authors: Xia Zhongyi , Wu Tianzhao , Wang Zhuoyan , Zhou Man , Wu Boqi , Chan C. Y. , Kong Ling Bing
Published: March 2024

Stereoscopic display technology plays a significant role in industries, such as film, television and autonomous driving. The accuracy of depth estimation is crucial for achieving high-quality and realistic stereoscopic display effects. In addressing the inherent challenges of applying Transformers to depth estimation, the Stereoscopic Pyramid Transformer-Depth (SPT-Depth) is introduced. This method utilizes stepwise downsampling to acquire both shallow and deep semantic information, which are subsequently fused. The training process is divided into fine and coarse convergence stages, employing distinct training strategies and hyperparameters, resulting in a substantial reduction in both training and validation losses. In the training strategy, a shift and scale-invariant mean square error function is employed to compensate for the lack of translational invariance in the Transformers. Additionally, an edge-smoothing function is applied to reduce noise in the depth map, enhancing the model's robustness. The SPT-Depth achieves a global receptive field while effectively reducing time complexity. In comparison with the baseline method, with the New York University Depth V2 (NYU Depth V2) dataset, there is a 10% reduction in Absolute Relative Error (Abs Rel) and a 36% decrease in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). When compared with the state-of-the-art methods, there is a 17% reduction in RMSE.
New Dimensions of Flexible MOFs: Toward Complex Systems and Devices
Authors: Lin Rui-Biao , Chen Xiao-Ming , Kitagawa Susumu , Chen Banglin
Published: March 2024

The diverse structural features of flexible metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) endow them with very attractive functions for diverse applications, resulting in significant progress after the intensive practice of the chemistry of flexible MOFs. In particular, flexible MOFs exhibit adaptive structural dynamics upon exposure to external stimuli, ranging from chemical species to gas pressures, temperatures and light or electric fields, whilst retaining the connectivity and unity of their frameworks. In this chapter, we focus on the major developments of flexible MOFs for adsorption-based guest storage and separation, chemical sensing, catalytic conversion, proton conduction, heat management, and other emerging functions arising from structural dynamics, highlighting the dimensions of applying flexible MOFs in this very important field.
Nanostrategies for Infectious Pulmonary Diseases: Current Progress and Future Prospects
Authors: Nadaf Sameer , Kumbhar Popat , Bhagwat Durgacharan , Gurav Shailendra
Published: March 2024

Increased respiratory tract infections have placed a socioeconomic load on the global healthcare system, particularly in developing nations. The lack of alternative therapeutic options has seriously threatened the health of many populations. With the use of passive, active, or physicochemical targeting techniques, nanomedicine-based delivery systems have been developed to enhance the biopharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic results of drugs effective against lung infections. Owing to their physicochemical properties, controlled in vivo behaviour, and the ability for multimodal imaging, NPs are the preferred contrast agents. This chapter provides an overview of respiratory infections and illuminates several barriers of bacterial infections. The features and benefits of nanosized materials for diagnosing various lung diseases are analysed. The current trends of different nanosystems such as lipid-based vesicles, including solid lipid NPs, nanostructured lipid carriers, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, etc., for treating several life-threatening lung infections, including COVID-19, are reviewed and discussed, highlighting their benefits and limitations. The current state of nanovaccines for treating lung infections is highlighted in a separate section. The challenges and prospects of nanostrategies for treating lung infections are considered in the last section.
Socioeconomics: Involving Communities in the Fight Against Infectious Illnesses for Stronger Health Systems
Authors: Tamrakar Raunak Kumar , Chakraborty Abhishek , Singh Sushma , Kumar Sunil
Published: March 2024

Pandemics raise primarily social issues, with the poor and those living in overcrowded areas being particularly vulnerable to infection. Low-income families, with poor nutrition and eating habits, are especially susceptible to infection during outbreaks. Socioeconomic status and racial/ethnic group membership also contribute to vulnerability. Health and healthcare inequalities can exacerbate disparities in morbidity and mortality. In a medical emergency, it is crucial to act quickly and efficiently, educate the public about potential health and healthcare aspects, and motivate individuals to limit exposure to others. Timely healthcare, social assistance, and educational opportunities are critical for responding properly to epidemics such as COVID-19. Incorporating social determinants of health (SDOH) into existing efforts has the potential to minimize health and healthcare disparities. Health disparities in vulnerable groups can be better understood by an interdisciplinary team of healthcare practitioners, public health specialists, anthropologists, sociologists, researchers, governments, and organizations. To prepare for future pandemics, it is critical to assess existing responses and provide equal access to healthcare for all people, regardless of region, race, or socioeconomic position.
Tailoring the efficiency of porphyrin molecular frameworks for the electroactivation of molecular N2
Authors: Romero-Angel María , Amrine Roumayssa , Ávila-Bolívar Beatriz , Almora-Barrios Neyvis , Ganivet Carolina R. , Padial Natalia M. , Montiel Vicente , Solla-Gullón José , Tatay Sergio , Martí-Gastaldo Carlos
Published: March 2024

PCN-224 metal–organic framework family is particularly suitable for the electroreduction of molecular nitrogen for the formation of ammonia. The introduction of Ni2+ and fluor sites improves both the activity and stability.
Gaussian processes for finite size extrapolation of many-body simulations
Authors: Landinez Borda Edgar Josué , Berard Kenneth O. , Lopez Annette , Rubenstein Brenda
Published: March 2024

We employ Gaussian processes to more accurately and efficiently extrapolate many-body simulations to their thermodynamic limit.
Merging inline crystallization and pulsed flow operation to enable enantiospecific solid state photodecarbonylation
Authors: Vandekerckhove Bavo , Ruttens Bart , Metten Bert , Stevens Christian V. , Heugebaert Thomas S. A.
Published: March 2024

Photoelimination of α-chiral ketones in the solid state results in highly regio- and enantiospecific C–C bond formation. By combining inline crystallisation and pulsatile flow, the photochemistry of these slurries can now be run fully continuously.
In situ interphase engineering for all-solid-state Li batteries: a case study on the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Li0.33La0.55TiO3 composite cathode guided by ab initio calculations
Authors: Lin Che-an , Ihrig Martin , Kung Kuan-chen , Chen Hsiang-ching , Finsterbusch Martin , Guillon Olivier , Lin Shih-kang
Published: March 2024

Doping-induced artificial interphase formation in oxide-based composite cathodes is demonstrated to simultaneously improve sinterability and interfacial stability, which are the main bottlenecks of oxide-based all-solid-state Li batteries.
Fast ultraviolet detection response achieved in high-quality Cs3Bi2Br9 single crystals grown by an improved anti-solvent method
Authors: Wang Tianyu , Xin Shuwen , Liu Yaoyu , Ji Zongshuai , Liu Guanfeng , Zhang Shuai , Wang Tianhua , Wang Fengyun , Teng Bing , Ji Shaohua
Published: March 2024

This article successfully grew high-quality bismuth-based inorganic perovskite Cs3Bi2Br9 single crystals with strong stability that can be applied in the field of ultraviolet light detection using the antisolvent growth technique.
ASTRAEUS
Authors: Cueto Elie R. , Hutter Anne , Dayal Pratika , Gottlöber Stefan , Heintz Kasper E. , Mason Charlotte , Trebitsch Maxime , Yepes Gustavo
Published: March 2024

Context. Observations with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have revealed an abundance of bright z > 10 galaxy candidates, challenging the predictions of most theoretical models at high redshifts.

Aims. Since massive stars dominate the observable ultraviolet (UV) emission, we explore whether a stellar initial mass function (IMF) that becomes increasingly top-heavy towards higher redshifts and lower gas-phase metallicities results in a higher abundance of bright objects in the early universe and how it influences the evolution of galaxy properties compared to a constant Salpeter IMF.

Methods. We parameterised the IMF based on the findings from hydrodynamical simulations that track the formation of stars in differently metal-enriched gas clouds in the presence of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at different redshifts. We incorporated this evolving IMF into the ASTRAEUS (semi-numerical rAdiative tranSfer coupling of galaxy formaTion and Reionisation in N-body dArk mattEr simUlationS) framework, which couples galaxy evolution and reionisation in the first billion years. Our implementation accounts for the IMF dependence of supernova (SN) feedback, metal enrichment, and ionising and UV radiation emission. We conducted two simulations: one with a Salpeter IMF and the other with the evolving IMF. In both, we adjusted the free model parameters to reproduce key observables.

Results. Compared to a constant Salpeter IMF, we find that (i) the higher abundance of massive stars in the evolving IMF results in more light per unit stellar mass, resulting in a slower build-up of the stellar mass and lower stellar-to-halo mass ratio; (ii) due to the self-similar growth of the underlying dark matter (DM) halos, the evolving IMF’s star formation main sequence scarcely deviates from that of the Salpeter IMF; (iii) the evolving IMF’s stellar mass to gas-phase metallicity relation shifts to higher metallicities, while its halo mass to gas-phase metallicity relation remains unchanged; (iv) the evolving IMF’s median dust-to-metal mass ratio is lower due to its stronger SN feedback; and (v) the evolving IMF requires lower values of the escape fraction of ionising photons and exhibits a flatter median relation and smaller scatter between the ionising photons emerging from galaxies and the halo mass. However, the ionising emissivities of the galaxies mainly driving reionisation (Mh ∼ 1010 M⊙) are comparable to those of a Salpeter IMF, resulting in minimal changes to the topology of the ionised regions.

Conclusions. These results suggest that a top-heavier IMF alone is unlikely to explain the higher abundance of bright z > 10 sources, since the lower mass-to-light ratio driven by the greater abundance of massive stars is counteracted by stronger stellar feedback.
Re-examination of the transportation abilities of the 5:2 MMR with Jupiter
Authors: Kováčová M.
Published: March 2024

Context. Resonances in the main asteroid belt play a significant role in the dynamical evolution of small bodies. They are capable of driving objects into the near-Earth object (NEO) region as well.

Aims. This work re-examines the transportation abilities of the 5:2 mean motion resonance (MMR) with Jupiter. We focus on a greater portion of the resonance than the previous study that used a similar method. We are also interested in an elimination course along q ≃ 0.26 au that was discovered previously. Moreover, we search for the orbits of potentially hazardous asteroids and for orbits that correspond to recent L chondrite meteorites.

Methods. Firstly, short-term fast Lyapunov indicator maps of the 5:2 MMR were computed in order to distinguish between stable and unstable orbits. Then over 10 000 unstable particles were selected and integrated for a longer period of time, up to 10 Myr, to reveal the transportation abilities of the resonance.

Results. During our simulation, 99.45% of test particles became NEOs, 9.43% reached the orbit with a semi-major axis, a < 1 au, and over 27% of particles migrated to low perihelion distances, q < 0.005 au. In addition, 92.8% of the particles entered the Hill sphere of the Earth and over 97% reached an orbit at which we would classify them as potentially hazardous if they were sufficiently large. However, our simulation did not confirm ejections along q ≃ 0.26 au.

Conclusions. Our results suggest that there is some kind of discrepancy between using the MERCURIUS integrator (REBOUND package) and the ORBIT9 integrator (OrbFit package). This subject is worth additional examination.
The central black hole in the dwarf spheroidal galaxy Leo I: Not supermassive, at most an intermediate-mass candidate
Authors: Pascale R. , Nipoti C. , Calura F. , Della Croce A.
Published: March 2024

It has recently been claimed that a surprisingly massive black hole (BH) is present in the core of the dwarf spheroidal galaxy (dSph) Leo I. This finding, based on integral field spectroscopy, challenges the typical expectation that dSphs host intermediate-mass BHs since such a BH would be classified as supermassive. Indeed, the analysis points toward Leo I harboring a BH with a lower mass limit exceeding a few 106 M⊙ at 1σ, and the no-BH case excluded at 95% significance. Such a mass, which is comparable to the entire stellar mass of the galaxy, makes Leo I a unique system that warrants further investigation. Using equilibrium models based on distribution functions that depend on actions f(J) coupled with the same integral field spectroscopy data and an extensive exploration of a very large parameter space, we demonstrate, within a comprehensive Bayesian model–data comparison framework, that the posterior on the BH mass is flat toward the low-mass end and, thus, that the kinematics of the central galaxy region only imposes an upper limit on the BH mass of few 105 M⊙ (at 3σ). Such an upper limit indicates that the putative BH of Leo I is at most an intermediate-mass BH, and it is also in line with formation scenarios and expectations from scaling relations at the mass regime of dwarf galaxies.
A Quantitative Approach in Identifying Natural Selection Signals on Biallelic Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of BRCA1 Gene in Diverse Populations
Authors: Hidayat Alam Ahmad , Nirwantono Rudi , Trinugroho Joko Pebrianto , Pardamean Bens
Published: March 2024

Population-specific studies reveal that cancer-related mechanisms of BRCA1 gene mutations may vary by ethnicity. The wealth of public genomic data provides insight into the functional roles of BRCA1 in diverse populations. In this study, we performed population differentiation analysis on biallelic SNPs located in the BRCA1 region using variant-calling data from the 1000 Human Genome Project. First, we conducted an Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) in global populations to infer a differentiation of BRCA1 gene in three population-related hierarchical levels. An FST-based approach was also conducted for each defined locus in the gene. Moreover, the signals of the natural selection in BRCA1 gene were computed using integrated Haplotype Score (iHS) per locus. The results demonstrated that BRCA1 gene differentiation can be attributed to the continental difference, for example, the genetic difference between Asian and African superpopulations accounts for 25% of the total variance. Imposing the iHS computation, we found that only two East Asian populations that underwent a positive selection, in which only benign variants were observed. In addition, those putative variants are only found in the non-coding regions: intron and 3’ UTR. Our study is expected to ignite research interest in cancer-related genes for underrepresented populations.
Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of selected underutilized plants in Nadir Plot Taman Botani, Sri Medan, Johor
Authors: Pa’ee Furzani , Nadzirah Hamsani Nurfatin , Jing Wei Yap , Azhar Sulaiman Hairul
Published: March 2024

This study was conducted to determine phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of selected underutilized plants in the Nadir plot in Taman Botani such as Phyllanthus acidus, Diospyrus dicolour, Flacourtia rukam and Anacardium occidentale. The total phenolic content was analyzed using Folin Ciocalteu and total flavonoid content was analyzed using aluminium chloride. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assay. The results showed that the phenolic content for Flacourtia rukam leaves was the highest with 87.17 ± 0.5890 mg GAE/g, Phyllanthus acidus leaves had the highest total flavonoid content value with 149.83 ± 0.5768 mg RE/g. DPPH, radical scavenging showed that Anacardium occidentale has the lowest IC50 value of 57.9132 ± 15.03802 µg/mL. Therefore, it has the strongest antioxidant potential. However, the results for ABTS radical scavenging showed that Phyllanthus acidus has the lowest IC50 value of 3.7581 ± 5.8748 µg/mL, which has the strongest antioxidant activity. Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assay method, Flacourtia rukam shows the highest FRAP value with 9.9336 mM Fe2+ /L. In conclusion utilising Phyllanthus acidus, Diospyrus dicolour, Flacourtia rukam and Anacardium occidentale as sources of phytochemicals could offer opportunities for nutraceutical and functional food applications.
Nannofossil Diversity and Biostratigraphy of Kebo Butak Formation from Kalinampu Area, Bayat - Central Java
Authors: Akmaluddin Akmaluddin , Mahdilah Nurhidayah Efrilia , Ardian Renaldo , Indra Novian Moch. , Hadi Barianto Didit
Published: March 2024

The research location is part of the Kebo Butak Formation, where the outcrop is well-exposed in Kalinampu, Jarum Village, Bayat – Central Java. Nannofossil was prepared on 20 samples using gravity settling and observed under a light microscope with 1000x magnification. Nannofossil analysis of abundances and diversity in this area revealed 21 species and 7 genera. Biostratigraphic analysis showed that the Kebo Butak Formation in Kalinampu section can be divided into Furcatolithus predistentus Zone (CNO4/NP24), Sphenolithus ciperoensis Zone (CNO5/NP25), Shenolithus delphix Zone (CNO6/NP25) and Discoaster druggii Zone (CNM1/NN1). These results confirm that the Kebo Butak Formation age was deposited in a marine environment during the Late Oligocene (26.93 Ma) to Early Miocene (23.06 Ma).
Dynamic Mechanical Characterization of Additively Manufactured Components
Authors: Dasari Kavitha , Chandrashekar Rakesh , Nijhawan Ginni , Kalra Ravi , Pahwa Shilpa , Abdul-Zahra Dalael Saad
Published: March 2024

The introduction of additive manufacturing (AM), also referred to as 3D printing, has significantly transformed the production of components in various industries. This study includes a comprehensive examination of the dynamical mechanical characterization of materials produced through additive manufacturing technologies. The study revolves around an assessment of the impact of the additive manufacturing (AM) methods on the material characteristics and performance of manufactured components, with a specific focus on their mechanical characteristics under dynamic load scenarios. A comparative examination takes place to bring out the unique mechanical responses of components created through additive manufacturing (AM) in comparison to traditionally manufactured counterparts. In order evaluate characteristics such as stiffness, damping, and fatigue resistance, investigators utilize various experimental techniques, including dynamically mechanical assessment (DMA), vibrating testing, and impact testing. The outcomes of the study reveal significant insights into the interactions between printing parameters, post-processing techniques, particularly material choices, and their impact on the mechanical properties. This study increases the general understanding of the suitability and dependability of additive manufacturing (AM) components in dynamic applications hence facilitating the establishment of enhanced design and manufacturing procedures for aviation, aerospace, automobile, and biomedical uses.
The Impact of Polymer Matrix Type On the Optical Properties of Silver Nanocomposites
Authors: Mohammed Kahtan A. , Al-alawachi Sharif Fadhil Abood , Hassan Ameer Ali , Alkhayatt Adel H. Omran , Abood Mohammad Malik , Alkhafaji Mohammed Ayad , Zabibah Rahman S. , Algburi Sameer , Sharma Shubham
Published: March 2024

Nanocomposites materials of silver (Ag) with polyethene oxide, venal polyalcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone were synthesized by chemical reduction method using trisodium citrate (TSC) as a reduction agent. Silver based nanocomposites deposited as a film by dropcasting technique on (2x2 cm2) glass substrates. The effect of polymer matrix type on the optical properties (surface plasmon resonance, transmission and direct and indirect bandgap) were investigated. It was observed from the absorption spectra of the various synthesized materials that the type of polymer used in the preparation process significantly influences the location of the plasmonic absorption peak and the amount of the energy gap.
Harnessing Natural Aquifer Filtration for Large-Scale Water Purification: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Kumar S Vinod , Kumar Jayasheel , Lakhanpal Sorabh , Yadav Dinesh Kumar , Sharma Shekhar , Abood Ahmed Salam
Published: March 2024

The research investigates the potential benefits of utilizing natural aquifer systems as a means of water treatment on an extensive basis. The present study analyzes the mechanisms via which naturally aquifers properly filter water, examining the possibilities to be practical financially effective ways for dealing with the growing demand for safe water. The paper highlights the potential advantages associated with natural aquifers filtration, such as its small environmental impact and its ability to sustain water quality. At the same time, it recognizes the challenges that have to be overcome, including the risk of pollution, the complex nature of laws and regulations, and the necessity of successfully controlling aquifer recharge. This study incorporates many geological, hydrological, and ecological engineering perspectives in order to offer an in-depth study of natural aquifer filter systems. This study aims to examine case studies and present practices in order to provide an in-depth strategy for effective use of these systems in various global environments. It also takes into consideration the significant potential of these mechanisms as well as the obstacles that need to be solved.
A review: Swarm Robotics: Cooperative Control in Multi-Agent Systems
Authors: Devi Kskn Venkata Ramana , B S Smitha , Lakhanpal Sorabh , Kalra Ravi , Sethi Vandana Arora , Thajil Sadiq Khader
Published: March 2024

Swarm robotics epitomizes a frontier in cooperative control within multi-agent systems, where the emulation of biological swarms offers a paradigm shift in robotics. This paper delves into the mechanisms of decentralized decision-making and the emergent behaviors that arise from local interactions among autonomous robotic agents without the need for a central controller. It explores the synthesis of simple control rules that yield complex, adaptive, and scalable group behaviors, akin to those found in natural swarms. A critical examination of communication protocols elucidates how information-sharing among agents leads to the robust execution of collective tasks. The research further investigates the dynamics of role allocation, task partitioning, and redundancy, which are crucial for the resilience of swarm robotic systems. Through simulation and empirical analysis, the efficacy of swarm algorithms in various applications, including search and rescue, environmental monitoring, and collective construction, is demonstrated. The study's findings underscore the significance of bio-inspired algorithms and the potential of swarm robotic systems to adapt and thrive in unpredictable environments. The implications for the future of autonomous systems are profound, as swarm robotics paves the way for innovations in distributed artificial intelligence and robotic.
Environmental communication based on tourism management for mitigation of abrasion disasters
Authors: Yasir Yasir , Nurjanah Nurjanah , Samsir Samsir
Published: March 2024

Indonesia has thousands of islands. However, many islands are threatened with sinking due to rising sea levels and abrasion. This research aims to explain environmental communication based on tourism management to mitigate abrasion on Bengkalis Island. The research method used was a qualitative approach with case studies. The results show that the Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs and Investment together with other ministries, regional governments and experts collaborated to communicate to overcome the abrasion problem on Bengkalis Island. To mitigate abrasion, the government is building breakwaters, rehabilitating mangroves, and creating communication programs. The government’s environmental communications involve the NGO Malay Youth Association that Cares for the Environment (IPMPL) to deal with abrasion, as was done at Raja Kecik Beach. This community-based tourism was built as a means of government communication to campaign for the protection of the coast of Bengkalis Island. The development of marine tourism that is integrated with the prevention of environmental damage not only contributes to the economy and community welfare but also contributes to environmental sustainability. Communication based on tourism management has not been managed well. Therefore, the government must involve other stakeholders for sustainable development in the context of mitigating abrasion disasters.
Politics and civil society in regional waste management
Authors: Mustapa Hasan
Published: March 2024

Indonesia, like the majority of countries throughout the world, is grappling growing waste management issues. On a national or regional level. As a result, an effective program to limit garbage disposed of in landfills is required. Collaboration between municipal government and civic society is one option. This study examines the pattern of synergy between local government and community organizations in enhancing trash management through the case of coordinating waste management in Garut Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. We modified the Collaborative Governance Framework and performed in-depth interviews with stakeholders, as well as a search for documentary sources and transect tracing. We gathered qualitative information from stakeholders about their experiences and perceptions of synergy patterns between sub-district trash bank administrators and district governments. The data was analyzed in three stages: data reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The collaborative governance paradigm of Anshell and Alison is applied to data analysis. As a result, it was discovered that the Garut Regency waste bank WhatsApp group offered sub-district waste bank administrators with an effective waste management communication space. Waste managers might be subject to a variety of local government laws. However, because the number of Waste Bank management members is still restricted, it is insufficient to address regional waste management issues.
The Suku Asli spirituality as relevant variable for sustainable development in coastal area
Authors: Risamasu Meilanny
Published: March 2024

This research investigates the pivotal role of the Suku Asli (indigenous people) spirituality in Karimun Regency of Riau Island Province as a pertinent factor in sustainable development within coastal regions. The study aims to identify the multifaceted contributions of these traditions and rituals to sustainable development practices, as well as their ramifications on local communities. Employing a comprehensive methodology involving field surveys, in-depth interviews, and document analysis, the findings reveal that the Suku Asli spirituality that lies in their traditions and rituals exerts a positive influence in fostering environmental awareness, preserving local traditions, and actively engaging communities in sustainable development efforts. The primary finding underscores that incorporating spiritual values and practices into coastal development plans can enhance the effectiveness of sustainable development endeavours. Therefore, stakeholders should consider this approach when formulating comprehensive and sustainable development policy.
Influence of fine aggregate types for the achievement of concrete quality
Authors: Farida Ida , Rustandi Fajar , Pumamasari Ismi
Published: March 2024

Fine aggregates in the form of sand are granulated materials, which generally measure between 0.0625 to 2 millimeters. Sand as a fine aggregate mixed with cement and water becomes a concrete mixture that has a role in the strength of construction. This study aims to determine how much influence the fine aggregates or sand of four different mining sites have on the compressive strength of concrete. The method used is an experiment, based on the results of laboratory tests of compressive strength tests at the age of concrete 7, 14 and 28 days for fc’25 or 25 MPa quality concrete with a mix of designs for fine aggregates from Leles sand, Kuyamut sand, Cikamiri sand, and Cilopang sand, Garut Regency West Java Province Indonesia. The aggregates tested include moisture content, sludge content, organic content, dry saturation, waand ter absorption affects the quality of concrete and improves quality strength with the same treatment for laboratory testing. The results of the analysis with 28 days of concrete compressive strength testing obtained the achievement of the highest concrete strength, namely with Cilopang sand 27 MPa, allowed by Kuyamut sand 26 Mpa, Leles sand 25 MPa and Cikamiri sand 23 MPa. Based on the results of concrete strength testing for up to 28 days, there are three sources of fine aggregates that can reach a minimum of fc’ 25, and there is one sand source that has a compressive strength value of concrete.
Contamination analysis of antimicrobial resistance in escherichia coli in the domestic environment
Authors: Oktaviani A. , Priadi C. R.
Published: March 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top 10 global public health. In Indonesia, little is known about the prevalence of Extended- Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli in the environment increases the risk of contamination of groundwater sources because of the potential for rapid colonization through the water. A study validation in AMR E. coli was carried out in the rainy season (March 2020). The results showed that 33.3% (20/60) of groundwater samples were positive for resistance to the antibiotic cefotaxime. This research aimed to determine the significance of seasonal variations in contamination of AMR and the correlation AMR present with faecal sources. The results showed that 22.2% (12/54) of groundwater samples were positive for cefotaxime antibiotic resistance with comparison test on seasonal variations shows a significant difference in E. coli contamination (p = 0.045), but not in AMR E. coli contamination (p = 0.234). The correlation relationship of the contamination from faecal sources on AMR E. coli in water sources shows a significant correlation (p-value 0.041) because of the use of on-site sanitation but no correlation between livestock ownership (p-value 0.891).
Stakeholder mapping in sustainable renewable energy development in West Sumatra Province, Indonesia
Authors: Fajri Hidayatul , Wahyuni Nila , Saputra Boni
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the players involved in developing renewable energy in West Sumatra Province, Indonesia, considering the insufficient contribution of renewable energy in 2021, which stood at 11.5% in contrast to the government’s set objectives of 23% by 2025 and 31% by 2050. The research methodology encompasses primary data gathering methods, namely interviews conducted with stakeholders who have been selected using the Delphi Stakeholders process. Additionally, secondary data will be incorporated into the study. The findings revealed a disparity in the influence and significance of stakeholders, wherein four primary stakeholders, namely the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, West Sumatra Provincial Energy and Mineral Resources Agency, PLN, and Pertamina, exhibited substantial influence and high levels of importance. Conversely, most other stakeholders demonstrated relatively low levels of importance. In summary, it is imperative to enhance involvement, transparency, and collaboration to effectively tackle these disparities and foster the advancement of sustainable renewable energy initiatives within the area.
Microwave-Assisted Transfer Hydrogenation of Carbonyl and ­Nitro Compounds Using Bimetallic Ru(II) Cymene Complexes
Authors: Murugavel Ramaswamy , Deshmukh Gopal
Published: March 2024

We report an investigation of the microwave-assisted catalytic transfer hydrogenation (TH) of carbonyl and nitro compounds by employing Ru(II) complexes: bimetallic [(p-cymene)2(RuCl)2L1]2X (X = BF4 (Cat2); X = PF6 (Cat3)) and mononuclear [(p-cymene)(RuCl)L2]BF4 (Cat4) (where L1 = N,N′-(3,3′,5,5′-tetraisopropyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diyl)bis(1-(pyridin-2-yl)methanimine) and L2 = N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)methanimine). At a low catalyst loading of 0.01 mol% (Cat2/Cat3), a broad range of substrates, comprising aromatic as well as aliphatic ketones and aldehydes, undergo the TH reaction in a short reaction time of just 10 minutes. Additionally, chemoselective hydrogenation of nitroaromatic compounds is achieved under microwave irradiation in the presence of Cat2 within 5 minutes. Control experiments demonstrate that microwave heating conditions outperform conventional heating in terms of improved catalytic activity and reaction efficiency. The bimetallic catalyst Cat2 is used at a very low loading of 0.001 mol% to achieve high TONs and TOFs of 7.7 × 104 and 2.3 × 105 h–1, respectively, for the TH reaction. Spectrometry experiments involving trapping of intermediates are used to propose a mechanism for the TH of the carbonyl compounds.
High energy electron diffraction instrument with tunable camera length
Authors: Denham P. , Yang Y. , Guo V. , Fisher A. , Shen X. , Xu T. , England R. J. , Li R. K. , Musumeci P.
Published: March 2024

Ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) stands as a powerful technique for real-time observation of structural dynamics at the atomic level. In recent years, the use of MeV electrons from radio frequency guns has been widely adopted to take advantage of the relativistic suppression of the space charge effects that otherwise limit the temporal resolution of the technique. Nevertheless, there is not a clear choice for the optimal energy for a UED instrument. Scaling to beam energies higher than a few MeV does pose significant technical challenges, mainly related to the inherent increase in diffraction camera length associated with the smaller Bragg angles. In this study, we report a solution by using a compact post-sample magnetic optical system to magnify the diffraction pattern from a crystal Au sample illuminated by an 8.2 MeV electron beam. Our method employs, as one of the lenses of the optical system, a triplet of compact, high field gradients (>500 T/m), small-gap (3.5 mm) Halbach permanent magnet quadrupoles. Shifting the relative position of the quadrupoles, we demonstrate tuning the magnification by more than a factor of two, a 6× improvement in camera length, and reciprocal space resolution better than 0.1 Å−1 in agreement with beam transport simulations.
Chimera-like states in neural networks and power systems
Authors: Deng Shengfeng , Ódor Géza
Published: March 2024

Partial, frustrated synchronization, and chimera-like states are expected to occur in Kuramoto-like models if the spectral dimension of the underlying graph is low: ds<4. We provide numerical evidence that this really happens in the case of the high-voltage power grid of Europe (ds<2), a large human connectome (KKI113) and in the case of the largest, exactly known brain network corresponding to the fruit-fly (FF) connectome (ds<4), even though their graph dimensions are much higher, i.e., dgEU≃2.6(1) and dgFF≃5.4(1), dgKKI113≃3.4(1). We provide local synchronization results of the first- and second-order (Shinomoto) Kuramoto models by numerical solutions on the FF and the European power-grid graphs, respectively, and show the emergence of chimera-like patterns on the graph community level as well as by the local order parameters.