bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L'incertain droit à l'emploi
Authors: Jeammaud Antoine , Le Friant Martine
Published: March 2015

A lire le préambule de la Constitution française de 1946, “chacun a (...) le droit d’obtenir un emploi”. Les doutes persistent toutefois quant à la “positivité” d’un tel droit. Les spécialistes du droit du travail reconnaissent à cet énoncé une modeste “valeur juridique” : il serait le fondement constitutionnel de la politique publique de l’emploi, en particulier en habilitant le législateur à produire des règles prétendant favoriser le plein emploi. Mais une approche “réaliste” de ce qui est le droit valide sur le territoire de la République (le “droit positif”) laisse apercevoir que la proclamation de ce droit, dé abord étonnant, a une portée plus ample. L’analyse des effets - déjà avérés ou très probables - de cette disposition dans “le jeu du droit” (effet de légitimation, effet d’obstacle, orientation de l’interprétation d’autres dispositions) lui donne consistance. Elle autorise à conclure que le droit français fait place à un droit d’obtenir un emploi, aussi singulier soit-il du point de vue de sa titularité et de sa structure.
Les relations internationales ont un genre. Le dialogue social en Europe
Authors: Cockburn Cynthia
Published: March 2015

L’Union Européenne a pris des mesures pour que syndicats (et employeurs) participent à la construction d’une politique européenne. Les structures et processus de ce “Dialogue social européen” constitueront ainsi un espace international dans lequel les syndicalistes des différents Etats-membres pourront se rencontrer et élaborer un programme commun. Les femmes se sont mobilisées à cet égard pour entrer dans l’arène et introduire une perspective de genre au cœur des interventions des mouvements de travailleurs dans la politique européenne. S’appuyant sur mes recherches les plus récentes, cet article vise à analyser ces développements. En partant de récentes critiques féministes sur la théorie des relations internationales, il montre de quelle manière les incursions des femmes dans l’espace international tendent à redéfinir les préoccupations des relations internationales, ses acteurs et ses concepts.
L'armée, école de la masculinité
Authors: Frevert Ute
Published: March 2015

Avec le service militaire obligatoire, l’armée n’est pas seulement devenue en Allemagne, au cours du XIXème siècle, une “école de la nation” mais aussi une “école de la masculinité”. Cette mission, formulée dans les discours des pédagogues et des politiques dès la fin du XVIIIème et au début du XIXème siècles, trouva aussi un écho favorable auprès des officiers au cours du XIXème. Il n’y avait pas d’accord, toutefois, sur le contenu des curriculum. L’évolution suivit celle des transformations internes à l’armée et celles de la place de l’armée dans la société.
Les faux semblables de l'apprentissage
Authors: Moreau Gilles
Published: March 2015

La structure sexuée des métiers, et en amont celle des formations, laisse à penser que les différenciations entre les trajectoires d’insertion professionnelles masculines et féminines relèvent essentiellement de l’organisation du marché du travail. Cette idée, sans nul doute indispensable, se garde néanmoins de toute réflexion sur ce que signifie le fait d’apprendre un métier. L’exemple de l’apprentissage en entreprise, secteur où le cloisonnement des sexes est fortement établi, montre qu’existent, au-delà de la structure sexuée des métiers, des structures mentales qui façonnent profondément le rapport à l’apprentissage d’un métier. Ainsi les filles apprenties sont-elles prioritairement tournées vers l’accès au métier et au savoir-faire, alors que les garçons s’inscrivent d’emblée dans une relation salariale, minimisant ainsi l’importance de la formation. Le fait que ces structures mentales socialisées perdurent dans le cas des apprentis atypiques (c’est-à-dire formés dans des spécialités dominées par l’autre sexe) montre combien elles sont intériorisées et qu’il ne suffit pas que femmes et hommes ne soient pas en concurrence directe sur le marché du travail pour que ces derniers puissent afficher une bienveillante neutralité.
Comment retrouver sa place ?
Authors: Pochic Sophie
Published: March 2015

Pour comprendre comment le chômage déstabilise la place de l’homme au sein de sa famille, il faut replacer cet événement dans une configuration familiale, dans une division du travail domestique, qui s’est construite avec l’histoire conjugale. Sur une population de cadres au chômage dans la région Sud, deux idéaux-types de masculinité ont été dégagés. Le modèle traditionnel de “l’homme-principal-apporteur de ressources” semble très déstabilisé, puisqu’il se retrouve avec des ressources dégressives pour continuer à assumer son rôle de père et de mari. Le modèle plus égalitaire de “l’homme-compagnon” paraît mieux traverser cette épreuve, puisqu’il peut justifier pendant cette période d’une présence et d’une disponibilité accrues pour son environnement familial. Mais le chômage demeure quand même un déni du pilier principal de la paternité moderne : le travail.
Les pères qui gagnent
Authors: Gadéa Charles , Marry Catherine
Published: March 2015

A l’inverse des femmes, les ingénieurs masculins connaissent une réussite professionnelle d’autant plus remarquable qu’ils ont une descendance nombreuse. A partir d’un examen de la littérature portant sur les hommes et sur les ingénieurs la discussion est menée sur les principales hypothèses que suggère ce constat. Ces pères à qui sourit la fortune professionnelle sont-ils des Breadwinners au sens parsonien, soutenus dans leur carrière par une épouse bien dotée et dont la responsabilité d’enfants à nourrir stimule un zèle au travail apprécié par les employeurs, ou des ingénieurs plus conformes que les autres aux représentations dominantes de la virilité ? Au terme de l’analyse, appuyée sur diverses enquêtes statistiques sur les ingénieurs diplômés et cadres, il est difficile de trancher entre ces diverses figures, tout comme sur celle, plus étonnante, des ingénieurs célibataires et sans enfant, aux carrières nettement moins brillantes.
Les premières étudiantes de l'Université de Paris
Authors: Christen-Lécuyer Carole
Published: March 2015

Si quelques femmes ont fait une timide entrée à l’université en France sous le Second Empire, c’est sous la Troisième république que les femmes conquièrent ce lieu réservé aux hommes : au début du XXe siècle elles représentent 3% des inscrits contre 30% en 1938. Cette conquête est le fait de quatre types de pionnières. Le premier, la bachelière, résulte de l’autodidaxie des femmes puisque l’enseignement secondaire féminin mis en place tardivement en 1880, ne prépare pas au baccalauréat, premier grade de l’université. Le second, les étudiantes de l’université de Paris, révèle les difficultés rencontrées par ces femmes pour pénétrer dans certaines facultés – le Droit en particulier – et pour exister en tant que femmes qui étudient. Le troisième, les étudiantes étrangères, sort de l’oubli celles qui ont ouvert la voie aux étudiantes françaises. Enfin, le quatrième, les diplômées, nous permet d’approcher la fonctionnalité ou la non-fonctionnalité des études féminines.
La voie Russe d'accès des femmes aux professions intellectuelles scientifiques et techniques (1850-1920)
Authors: Gouzevitch Irina , Gouževitch Dimitri
Published: March 2015

Le cas russe que nous présentons ici a trait à la naissance et à l’histoire d’une institution très originale, l’Institut Polytechnique pour femmes, créé à Saint-Petersbourg en 1906. Cette étude de cas est intéressante à plus d’un titre. En premier lieu, il semble que ce soit le premier phénomène au XXème siècle dans l’histoire de l’enseignement pour filles. Un autre exemple comparable, l’École française Polytechnique pour filles, date en fait seulement de 1924. En second lieu, ce phénomène joue un rôle particulièrement stimulant dans l’émergence et le futur développement de l’enseignement technique pour filles à cette échelle. En troisième lieu, il est un symbole en quelque sorte en ce qu’il couronne un combat difficile mené durant plus d’un siècle pour l’égalité des droits et le libre accès des femmes russes à l’enseignement supérieur. Enfin, c’est un paradoxe, car son existence même était étroitement liée à l’histoire des révolutions russes, celle de 1905, comme celle de 1917 : la première étant à l’origine de l’enseignement pour filles, la seconde l’ayant annihilé en tant qu’institution autonome. Afin d’intégrer le cas russe dans l’histoire transnationale des femmes et des techniques, nous tenterons de répondre aux questions suivantes : comment cette institution a-t-elle pu émerger en Russie ? Pourquoi a-t-elle pris cette forme spécifique, à cette période particulière ? Quels furent ses demandes, ses buts, ses défis ? Qui furent ses principaux acteurs et supporters ? Quelle fut sa place dans l’enseignement général de la Russie impériale ? En quoi la voie russe dans l’enseignement technique des femmes fut-elle identique ou différente des autres pays de l’Europe de l’ouest ?
Histoire des femmes, histoire du genre
Authors: Perrot Michelle
Published: March 2015

Cet article rappelle qu’à Paris Diderot, dans les années 1970, la création des premiers cours sur les femmes a rendu nécessaires les premières recherches et les premières productions de savoirs, puisque les femmes étaient absentes de l’histoire académique. Il fallait donc les rendre visibles et innover dans les sources et les méthodes pour créer des savoirs nouveaux. Très vite les chercheures sont passées de l’histoire des femmes à l’histoire du genre, affirmant qu’on ne peut pas faire l’histoire des femmes sans réfléchir à leur relation avec l’autre sexe. Ces historiennes ont développé leurs recherches en lien avec les sociologues, avec les études angloaméricaines et avec les historiennes américaines, en particulier celles qui travaillaient sur le champ français. L’article témoigne du caractère enthousiasmant de cette époque pionnière.
Que reste-t-il de nos cours sur le genre ?
Authors: Poulin-Deltour William
Published: March 2015

En réfléchissant sur ma pratique pédagogique d’enseignant de Gender Studies dans une petite université de Nouvelle-Angleterre, je reviens sur l’idée que les États-Unis seraient la Mecque mondiale des études sur le genre. Si ce champ d’études semble en effet prospérer ici, les apparences peuvent néanmoins être trompeuses. J’analyse les connaissances des étudiants américains sur le genre au début et à la fin de leurs cours de Gender Studies . Mon expérience révèle que la plupart d’entre eux arrivent en classe avec une vision essentialiste d’un système de genre hétérosexuel et binaire, et que les abreuver de textes de Judith Butler et de Michel Foucault n’est pas le meilleur moyen de subvertir leurs idées reçues. Vers la fin de l’article, j’en arrive à la conclusion que c’est peut-être ma propre pédagogie qui doit évoluer, afin d’encourager les étudiants à enquêter eux-mêmes sur le genre, en exploitant des sources originales et contemporaines, pour qu’ils appréhendent non pas tant ce qu’est le genre que ce qu’il fait.
Enseigner le genre : un devoir de dissidence
Authors: Angeloff Tania , Bessière Céline , Bonduelle Arnaud , Dabert Jéromine , Laval Gaston
Published: March 2015

Cet article revient sur la pratique d’un enseignement du genre, introduit au niveau du Master 1 dans une université parisienne, Paris-Dauphine, spécialisée dans l’économie, la gestion et la finance. Il a pour originalité de confronter les points de vue des deux enseignantes à l’origine de la création de ce cours d’introduction au genre en sociologie et de trois étudiant-e-s de la dernière promotion qui ont accepté de se prêter, avec réflexivité, à cet exercice rétrospectif qui pose la question suivante : que fait le genre aux étudiant-e-s ? Et inversement, que font les étudiants d’un enseignement comme celui du genre, dans le cadre d’une formation en sciences sociales assez généraliste ? Loin d’un article théorique, il s’agit de partir de ces témoignages estudiantins concrets pour s’interroger sur la pédagogie du genre en sociologie, ses enjeux politiques et scientifiques, ses limites, sa (dé)légitimation. Dans cet écrit polyphonique, Tania Angeloff et Céline Bessière tentent de revenir sur leur pratique d’enseignantes du genre – pratique marginale, dans leur contexte institutionnel –, et de mettre en perspective les trois témoignages individuels des étudiant-e-s, dont l’un est très critique.
Remplacer les agricultrices : une histoire du congé de maternité en agriculture
Authors: Cinçon Xavier , Terrieux Agnès
Published: March 2015

L’histoire du congé de maternité est celle d’une politique sociale mise au service des intérêts masculins par l’entremise d’instruments d’action publique genrés. Le recours imposé aux services de remplacement agricole, foncièrement tournés vers le remplacement des exploitants masculins, s’est doublé d’une procédure subordonnant l’utilisation de la prestation aux décisions du chef d’exploi-tation. Il en a résulté une captation opportuniste par l’exploitant de la main-d’œuvre salariée destinée au remplacement de sa conjointe, contribuant à exclure cette dernière d’une prestation lui étant dédiée, et fournissant des ressources de développement à l’activité de remplacement. À tel point que les services de remplacement se sont ensuite efforcés d’améliorer ce droit des agricultrices, en lieu et place des porte-parole féminines, dans le but de consolider une rente indispensable à leur professionnalisation.
Dialysis-Related Amyloidosis
Authors: Pollock Frederic H. , Michelov Yehuda A. , Maurer James P. , Plata Milton , Sop Aaron
Published: March 2015

A 59-year-old woman presented with worsening bilateral hip pain for 6 months. She had been receiving hemodialysis for 12 years.
Air Physiogram: Technique for Visualization of the Resected Physis in Percutaneous Epiphysiodesis
Authors: Azzolino Alessandra M. , Herzenberg John E.
Published: March 2015

Obtaining an air physiogram improves visualization of the resected physis and allows the surgeon to assess whether a sufficient amount of growth plate has been removed during percutaneous drilling epiphysiodesis. From 2008 through 2011, the air physiogram technique was used in 37 percutaneous epiphysiodesis procedures about the knee (17 femora, 20 tibiae) in 31 children. Average follow-up was 41 months (range, 19–70 months). Thirty-six of 37 limb segments achieved radiographic fusion after the initial procedure. One tibia appeared to be partially fused and underwent revision epiphysiodesis. At final follow-up, all limb segments had successful epiphysiodesis and showed radiographic evidence of fusion. [
Orthopedics
. 2015; 38(3):170–174.]
Management of Medial-Sided Knee Injuries
Authors: Elliott Michael , Johnson Darren L.
Published: March 2015

Medial collateral ligament injuries are common and are often associated with concomitant ligamentous, meniscus, and cartilage injuries. Orthopedic surgeons should be familiar with the outcomes of nonoperative and operative treatment of isolated and combined grade I, II, and III injuries. Special attention should be paid to identifying involvement of the posterior oblique ligament and capsule; lack of such attention may lead to failed nonoperative management. The authors present an overview of the treatment of medial-sided knee injuries, as well as 2 cases demonstrating their preferred method of treating chronic medial-sided laxity and instability. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(3):180–184.]
Effect of Repeated Manipulation on Range of Motion in Patients With Stiff Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Choi Ho-Rim , Siliski John M. , Malchau Henrik , Kwon Young-Min
Published: March 2015

Although manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) has been considered effective first-line treatment for stiff total knee arthroplasty (TKA), there is no consensus regarding the usefulness of repeated MUA. The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of repeated MUA performed for patients in whom satisfactory range of motion (ROM) was not achieved by MUA. The authors retrospectively reviewed 15 patients who underwent repeated MUA after failure of initial MUA for stiff TKA. Demographic and ROM data were collected. A final ROM of less than 90° was considered a failed manipulation (failure group) and a final ROM of 90° or more was considered a successful manipulation (success group). Average pre-repeated MUA ROM (72.3°±19.5°) immediately improved to 112.3°±9.7° (
P
<.001) in the operating room, and final ROM was 89.6°±23.9°, an overall gain of 17.3° (
P
=.04). However, despite this overall ROM increase, a successful final ROM (90° or more) was achieved in approximately half of patients (7 of 13; 54%). There were no significant differences in demographics between the success and failure groups, except that there was significantly less pre-TKA ROM in the failure group (
P
=.02). There were no complications related to either the first or the repeated MUA procedures. The findings of this study suggest that repeated MUA can improve overall ROM for stiff TKA. The success rate of repeated MUA was less than that of primary MUA; however, it is a useful treatment modality for stiff TKA. Decreased pre-TKA ROM appeared to be associated with poor outcomes after repeated MUA. [
Orthopedics
. 2015; 38(3):e157–e162.]
Hyperbaric Oxygen for Stage I and II Femoral Head Osteonecrosis
Authors: Koren Lior , Ginesin Eyal , Melamed Yehuda , Norman Doron , Levin Daniel , Peled Eli
Published: March 2015

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a suggested joint-preserving treatment for symptomatic early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Limited studies of this treatment have been published. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this treatment in a relatively large patient cohort. The authors reviewed the files of 68 patients with 78 symptomatic joints with Steinberg stage I and II osteonecrosis of the femoral head. All patients were treated with hyperbaric oxygen at the authors’ medical health center. Pretreatment and immediate posttreatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were compared. On follow-up, a telephone interview was conducted to determine the survival of the joint. Modified Harris Hip Score and Short Form 12 health survey (SF-12) questionnaires of the start of treatment and at follow-up were obtained and evaluated for statistically significant differences. Half of the joints were stage 1 and half were stage II. Seventy-four joints underwent both pre- and posttreatment MRI. Eighty-eight percent of joints showed improvement posttreatment. On follow-up at a mean of 11.1±5.1 years, 54 patients (58 joints) were located and answered the questionnaires. At the time of follow-up, 93% of the joints survived. Mean Harris Hip Score improved from 21 to 81 (
P
<.0001), the mean physical component of the SF-12 improved from 24 to 46 (
P
<.0001), and the mean mental component of the SF-12 improved from 54 to 59 (
P
<.0001). The authors concluded that hyperbaric oxygen treatment is effective in preserving the hip joint in stage I and II osteonecrosis of the femoral head. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(3):e200–e205.]
Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields After Rotator Cuff Repair: A Randomized, Controlled Study
Authors: Osti Leonardo , Buono Angelo Del , Maffulli Nicola
Published: March 2015

The current study tested the hypothesis that the use of pulsed electromagnetic fields after rotator cuff repair is effective in the short term as an adjuvant treatment to reduce local inflammation, postoperative joint swelling, and recovery time, as well as to induce pain relief. Sixty-six patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopy for repair of small to medium rotator cuff tears were randomly divided into 2 groups with a block randomization procedure. Thirty-two patients underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and application of pulsed electromagnetic fields postoperatively; 34 patients underwent rotator cuff repair and placebo treatment (placebo group). All patients had the same postoperative rehabilitation protocol. At 3 months from the index procedure, visual analog scale, range of motion, and University of California at Los Angeles and Constant scores were significantly better in the pulsed electromagnetic fields group than in the placebo group (
P
<.05). Three patients in the pulsed electromagnetic fields group and 7 patients in the placebo group had mild to moderate capsulitis (
P
=.2). Severe capsulitis occurred in 1 patient in the pulsed electromagnetic fields group and 2 patients in the placebo group (
P
=.6). At the last follow-up (minimum, 2 years), clinical and functional outcomes were further improved in both groups, with no significant intergroup differences. Application of pulsed electromagnetic fields after rotator cuff repair is safe and reduces postoperative pain, analgesic use, and stiffness in the short term. At 2 years, no difference was seen in outcomes in patients who did or did not undergo treatment with pulsed electromagnetic fields. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(3):e223–e228.]
El individualismo ético como defensa de la igualdad
Authors: Álvarez J. Francisco
Published: March 2015

Las propuestas éticas de Javier Muguerza y Amartya Sen comparten profundas raíces igualitarias y libertarias. Al revisar el carácter del individualismo ético defendido por ambos, distinguiéndolo del metodológico y del ontológico, se percibe que van “más allá del contrato social” abriendo espacio a las características individuales al tiempo que incorporan la indispensable sociabilidad del individuo. Muguerza, al utilizar la autonomía como elemento focal sobre el que plantear la igualdad, se acerca al enfoque de Sen en La idea de la justicia, donde se propone más que una teoría general de la justicia una práctica activa contra la injusticia. El against injustice que ha formulado Sen tiene claras conexiones con el imperativo del disenso que ha propuesto Muguerza. El individualismo ético expresa el núcleo de anudamiento social que supone adoptar al individuo como elemento último responsable de decisiones que comportan su responsabilidad moral. La autonomía como dimensión básica de la igualdad, a decir de Muguerza, converge con la importancia de tener en cuenta el acto mismo de elección, como responsabilidad personal,que ha destacado Sen.
“¿Importa el derecho?”. Política judicial, realismo jurídico y el problema de la indeterminación del derecho en tanto que problema metodológico
Authors: Castillo Ortiz Pablo José
Published: March 2015

Las últimas décadas han supuesto la irrupción de la nueva disciplina de la “política judicial”, heredera del realismo jurídico y empeñada en estudiar el comportamiento judicial con herramientas científico-sociales y desde variables explicativas sociopolíticas. Al hacerlo, sin embargo, dichos estudios han preterido el papel del derecho en la explicación del comportamiento de los magistrados, para lo cual se han esgrimido razones teóricas acerca de la indeterminación de la norma jurídica. En este artículo, defiendo que dicha preterición constituye una importante limitación para la construcción de modelos empíricos de comportamiento judicial.
La tolerancia liberal en la obra de John Rawls y de Friedrich A. Hayek
Authors: De la Nuez Paloma
Published: March 2015

En la discusión actual sobre la tolerancia, la teoría política liberal predominante sigue muy ligada a los argumentos que ya se esgrimieron en el pasado en la discusión sobre la tolerancia religiosa. Como el desarrollo de la misma fue una de las raíces del liberalismo, muchos autores liberales asumen que la separación Iglesia/Estado proporciona el paradigma para abordar hoy otro tipo de diferencias. De hecho, eso es lo que ocurre en Liberalismo Político de J. Rawls en el que encontramos semejanzas interesantes con el pensamiento de F. A. Hayek, lo que apoyaría la tesis de que Rawls acabó justificando la tolerancia sobre premisas típicas del liberalismo clásico, probablemente porque el liberalismo no está equipado intelectualmente para defender otro tipo de tolerancia.
Desarrollo humano sostenible: una visión aristotélica
Authors: Valera Luca , Marcos Alfredo
Published: March 2015

La sostenibilidad, por sí misma, no es un criterio útil para evaluar la adecuación y moralidad de un acto, dado que se trata de un concepto abierto, necesitado de conexión con diversos elementos heterogéneos. Por su parte, el concepto de desarrollo sostenible carece de concreción, pues se define en términos de necesidades futuras de muy difícil predicción. Como guía de nuestras acciones será más útil el concepto de desarrollo humano sostenible, formulado en términos de capacidades, fundamentado filosóficamente en un enfoque aristotélico. Dicho enfoque nos permite definir una teoría política del bien común, centrada en la persona, con toda su integridad y complejidad.
La filosofía kantiana como filosofía de la cultura
Authors: González Ana Marta
Published: March 2015

Además del concepto explícito de cultura como perfeccionamiento de la naturaleza, que podemos reconocer en muchos lugares del corpus kantiano, la entera empresa crítica puede considerarse cultura en un sentido más profundo: cultura como proyección de una subjetividad que busca en la naturaleza los indicios del destino racional y moral del hombre. Según esto, la filosofía kantiana puede verse como una filosofía de la cultura, posible, en última instancia, por la reflexividad de la razón, que advierte sus propios intereses, y configura el mundo conforme a ellos.
El inicio de la problemática ontológica en el comienzo de la filosofía
Authors: Marieta Inaki
Published: March 2015

En el comienzo de la filosofía la problemática ontológica que hunde sus raíces en la propia lengua griega y más precisamente en el participio presente del verbo ser, va a cobrar una importancia decisiva para el desarrollo del pensamiento occidental. Esta marca lingüística, exclusiva de la lengua griega, justifica el hecho de que la filosofía sea función de la diferencia ontológica y que para aquella, ser y pensar sean lo mismo. Porque el ser sólo puede ser pensado desde la aprioridad que gnoseológicamente impone su estatuto transcendental.
Releyendo a Diderot: Actualidad en cinismo de El sobrino de Rameau
Authors: Lasa Cristina
Published: March 2015

El punto de partida de este artículo es una apreciación clínica psicoanalítica: el paso previo a la corrupción suele ser la degradación. Con esa orientación, propongo una lectura actualizada del diálogo de Diderot: el cinismo del sobrino de Rameau es la posición ética correlativa a la degradación de las instituciones y de la política. se trata de una respuesta lógica ante la caída de los ideales de la época, pero no la única. Diderot muestra cautela, precisamente, ante esa degradación generalizada de todo lo que sostiene el orden simbólico, y adelanta las consecuencias.
¿Hacia qué fines nos orientan los textos de autoayuda?: Una reflexión desde el concepto foucaultiano de gobernabilidad
Authors: Ruiz Castro Rosario
Published: March 2015

La abrumadora presencia de los textos de autoayuda en la producción editorial de las últimas décadas invita a reflexionar no sólo sobre las necesidades a las que estos discursos intentan responder, sino también sobre los objetivos hacia los que orientan el comportamiento y las actitudes del individuo contemporáneo. En este trabajo abordamos dicha reflexión desde un marco teórico foucaultiano, considerando que los textos de autoayuda caen bajo el dominio de las “tecnologías del yo” y que su función puede interpretarse a la luz del concepto de gobernabilidad. Este concepto entraña la relación entre tecnologías del poder y tecnologías del yo que nos permite comprender el sentido en que el individuo aparece como gobernable, y permite también esclarecer el contacto que las ciencias psicológicas y psiquiátricas mantienen con las finalidades de la racionalidad política vigente.
Geopolítica de la alteridad. Levinas y la filosofía de la liberación de E. Dussel
Authors: García Ruiz Pedro Enrique
Published: March 2015

La relevancia del pensamiento de Emmanuel Levinas para comprender el surgimiento de la filosofía de la liberación –uno de los movimientos filosóficos más importantes de América Latina durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX– es innegable. En este artículo se analiza la interpretación geopolítica y analógica que Enrique Dussel realizó de los conceptos levinasianos de “Alteridad” (Alterité) y “Otro” (Autrui) para mostrar su equivocidad en el ámbito de lo político.
Posiciones éticas: entre el cuidado de sí y el prójimo
Authors: Martí Soler Guillem
Published: March 2015

Una aproximación a dos reflexiones filosóficas contemporáneas. En primer lugar, abordamos las últimas aportaciones de Michel Foucault sobre la ética, en el marco de la noción de “cuidado de sí”. En segundo lugar, nos ocupamos de la ética de Emmanuel Levinas, centrada en la idea del prójimo. El mismo marco de una ética del otro permite un enlace con algunas ideas de Simone Weil. Sin pretenderlas congruentes, estas dos filosofías conllevan una importante crítica de la noción de sujeto y de una ética basada en el reconocimiento. Con ello, nos dan elementos para plantear posibles posicionamientos para la filosofía en la actualidad.
Review of spoken dialogue systems
Authors: López-Cózar Ramón , Callejas Zoraida , Griol David , Quesada José F.
Published: March 2015

Spoken dialogue systems are computer programs developed to interact with users employing speech in order to provide them with specific automated services. The interaction is carried out by means of dialogue turns, which in many studies available in the literature, researchers aim to make as similar as possible to those between humans in terms of naturalness, intelligence and affective content.

In this paper we describe the fundaments of these systems including the main technologies employed for their development. We also present an evolution of this technology and discuss some current applications. Moreover, we discuss development paradigms, including scripting languages and the development of conversational interfaces for mobile apps.

The correct modelling of the user is a key aspect of this technology. This is why we also describe affective, personality and contextual models. Finally, we address some current research trends in terms of verbal communication, multimodal interaction and dialogue management.
Kama Group Limited
Authors: Andoh-Quainoo Lydia
Published: March 2015

Family businesses and entrepreneurship research has grown but with few studies in Africa. This case study fills that gap in the research on entrepreneurship and family business cases in the African continent. The case is explored to assess the motivation and challenges influencing entrepreneurial startup businesses and founders of family businesses. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods for data collection, the research confirms some differences and similarities in the motivational factors and challenges associated with starting a business in an African context, specifically Ghanaian. This entrepreneur's family business encountered a number of challenges in its startup. However, due to strong mental attributes such as personal motivation, persistence, commitment, and hard work, he has overcome these challenges and grown the business successfully. Although environmental challenges may be greater in an emerging economy such as Ghana, personal attributes can play a key role in building and sustaining a successful family business.
Anointed Electrical Engineering Services Limited
Authors: Appiah-Kubi Seth
Published: March 2015

There is lack of data on entrepreneurial successes in Africa. While there have been numerous research studies on entrepreneurship and family businesses in many regions of the world, there has been relatively little research done in the African context. This lack of research on entrepreneurial success in Africa is due to a variety of reasons such as the fact that most are relatively young and journals are typically housed in universities in developed economies. This chapter describes the success story of a family business in Africa. Specifically, this study sets out to determine the context of starting a family business in Africa: the motivation, type of business, family involvement and the mental attributes, and the challenges in starting and running a family business. Finally, this study recounts some of the lessons from the challenges and successes of the entrepreneur.
Strategic Data-Based Optimization of Working Capital Management in Medium-Sized Firms
Authors: Vemic Milan Branko
Published: March 2015

The chapter explores whether and to what extent a systemic approach to optimal management of working capital stemming from database wisdom exists in medium enterprises in Serbia as a transition economy. The chapter portrays the level of optimization of all key components of working capital management and addresses indispensable strategic directions for Serbian entrepreneurs and managers that could have broader application in transition context. Ultimately, the chapter explores how to achieve better and more effective results in the development of medium enterprises by optimizing database wisdom for working capital management. As a research paper, the chapter reviews the experiences from Serbia and compares them with achievements in other transition and more advanced economies. In a case study undertaken in Serbia with semi-structured interviews in medium-sized enterprises, the author examines the specific preconditions for increasing the current perceived inefficient use of working capital and extend for discussion an optimization model based on tested hypotheses.
Improving Healthcare with Data-Driven Track-and-Trace Systems
Authors: Sultanow Eldar , Chircu Alina M.
Published: March 2015

This chapter illustrates the potential of data-driven track-and-trace technology for improving healthcare through efficient management of internal operations and better delivery of services to patients. Track-and-trace can help healthcare organizations meet government regulations, reduce cost, provide value-added services, and monitor and protect patients, equipment, and materials. Two real-world examples of commercially available track-and-trace systems based on RFID and sensors are discussed: a system for counterfeiting prevention and quality assurance in pharmaceutical supply chains and a monitoring system. The system-generated data (such as location, temperature, movement, etc.) about tracked entities (such as medication, patients, or staff) is “big data” (i.e. data with high volume, variety, velocity, and veracity). The chapter discusses the challenges related to data capture, storage, retrieval, and ultimately analysis in support of organizational objectives (such as lowering costs, increasing security, improving patient outcomes, etc.).
Generational Differences Relative to Data-Based Wisdom
Authors: Maxi Gino , Klein Deanna
Published: March 2015

The purpose of this chapter is to present research findings and address the Generational Differences Relative to Data-Based Wisdom. Data-Based Wisdom is defined as the use of technology, leadership, and culture to create, transfer, and preserve the organizational knowledge embedded in its data, with a view to achieving the organizational vision. So what will comparing Generational Differences effectively do to help achieve organizational vision? If you don't know your history, you are doomed to repeat it; therefore, with the accumulation of ever growing data, understanding the necessary steps to store them properly and ability to retrieve them in an efficient manner are both explicit and tacit knowledge that are outside the scope of the conventional multi-disciplined approach to achieving organizational objectives. With time, technology, leadership, and culture have transformed into more than tangible items, social leadership concepts, and learned behavioral patterns. The latter three ideas have evolved along with the technological advances infused into society as we know it today. Therefore, the value and emphasis to develop and maintain intricate and efficient knowledge management databases suitable to create, transfer, and preserve organizational knowledge embedded in its data has never been more vital. The importance will continue to grow as changes in technology, leadership concepts, and culture continue to inundate.
Strategic Data-Based Wisdom
Authors: Ciappei Cristiano , Cinque Maria
Published: March 2015

In an increasingly complex world, efficiently extracting meaning from the available amount of raw data is critical. We need a different view of technology, leadership, and culture to meet this challenge. In this chapter, a theoretical framework is proposed that reformulates the DIKW (Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom) model with the use of Aristotelian categories concerning the profiles of action (praxis and poiesis) and taking into account the dimensions of the agent (autos and nomos) derived from Kant's theories. Furthermore, the authors match the DIKW Pyramid and the DBW (Databased-Wisdom Model) in a new framework for Strategic Data-Based Wisdom, which can also be applied to the different phases of the problem solving process (the WIK model for problem solving).
Proposal of Analytical Model for Business Problems Solving in Big Data Environment
Authors: Klepac Goran , Berg Kristi L.
Published: March 2015

This chapter proposes a new analytical approach that consolidates the traditional analytical approach for solving problems such as churn detection, fraud detection, building predictive models, segmentation modeling with data sources, and analytical techniques from the big data area. Presented are solutions offering a structured approach for the integration of different concepts into one, which helps analysts as well as managers to use potentials from different areas in a systematic way. By using this concept, companies have the opportunity to introduce big data potential in everyday data mining projects. As is visible from the chapter, neglecting big data potentials results often with incomplete analytical results, which imply incomplete information for business decisions and can imply bad business decisions. The chapter also provides suggestions on how to recognize useful data sources from the big data area and how to analyze them along with traditional data sources for achieving more qualitative information for business decisions.
A Specification Framework for Big Data Initiatives
Authors: Ta Anh D. , Tanque Marcus , Washington Montressa
Published: March 2015

Given the emergence of big data technology and its rising popularity, it is important to ensure that the use of this avant-garde technology directly addresses the enterprise goals which are required to maximize the Return-On-Investment (ROI). This chapter aims to address a specification framework for the process of transforming enterprise data into wisdom or actionable information through the use of big data technology. The framework is based on proven methodologies, which consist of three components: Specify, Design, and Refine. The recommended framework provides a systematic, top-down process to extrapolate big data requirements from high-level technical and enterprise goals. The framework also provides a process for managing the quality and relationship between raw data sources and big data products.
Social Media in Crisis
Authors: Brengarth Lauren Bacon , Mujkic Edin , Millar Meg A.
Published: March 2015

This case study examines how social media tools were used by a Nonprofit Organization (NPO) to raise money during a catastrophic fire in the Western United States. The fire claimed over 18,000 acres of forestland, nearly 350 homes, and 2 human lives. When it occurred, it was the most catastrophic fire event to hit this community. This case illuminates specific ways in which social media provided the key tools that enabled the creation of this NPO, the sale of hundreds of thousands of tee shirts in one month, and ultimately dollars donated to aid the victims of the fire. This case is unique because it is the story of an organization that was created overnight because individuals in the organization's social system rapidly evaluated and adopted their innovation. Additionally, opinion leaders (particularly those in traditional media) within the social system aided the NPO in rapidly establishing legitimacy with its followers.
Peer-to-Peer Fundraising Success
Authors: Adler Samantha , Carpenter Heather
Published: March 2015

Peer-to-peer fundraising through social media has gained popularity within the last few years. This case discusses the process one organization, PAWS With A Cause®, took to create and implement a highly successful online peer-to-peer fundraising campaign using the DonorDrive® software. The organization encountered many successes during the campaign due to strong social media planning and infrastructure, a long history of donor support, as well as momentum from constituents who truly cared about the organization. The organization also encountered challenges during a 10-day campaign of training donors who were not tech savvy how to use the DonorDrive® software, gaining staff buy in for social media, and distributing social media responsibilities across the organization. Ultimately, the campaign exceeded its goal and raised over $60,000.
Microblogging (Weibo) and Environmental Nonprofit Organizations in China
Authors: Ma Liang , Zhang Zhibin
Published: March 2015

Environmental Nonprofit Organizations (ENPOs) in China have been actively employing microblogging (e.g., Sina Weibo) and other social media. This chapter, with a case of Wuhan FON in a nationwide campaign of “I gauge air quality for my motherland,” examines the key strategies and tactics Chinese ENPOs adopted in using social media to enhance their communicative functions and mobilizing capacities in the unique nonprofit environment of China. The case demonstrates that social media utilization can effectively help Chinese ENPOs in policy advocacy, especially through more efficient information dissemination. This chapter also identifies the major challenges faced by Chinese ENPOs in social media use and the corresponding solutions. It concludes with the discussions on the theoretical and practical implications of the case as well as several promising research avenues in this field.
Aligning the Virtual with the Physical
Authors: Dumont Georgette E.
Published: March 2015

Social media need to be understood as more than engagement tools as they also impact an organization's internal systems. This chapter analyzes how the Cummer Museum of Art and Gardens (The Cummer), a medium-sized museum in Jacksonville, Florida, continues to adapt to both environmental and technical changes to successfully utilize social media, how it has overcome some obstacles, and the challenges it still faces. Using sociotechnical theory as a framework, the intersection of the museum's technical, social, and behavioral systems are brought to the fore to better understand the strategic changes the museum had to undergo to better utilize social media tools to align with its mission. A key component of effective social media use for The Cummer has been its ability to adapt its policies and procedures for online engagement through integration of its online and offline systems, so that online media align with off-line messaging and the dynamic changes in the technological platforms.
Social Media and Civil Society Organizations (CSOS)
Authors: Steen-Johnsen Kari , Enjolras Bernard
Published: March 2015

This qualitative case study describes and analyzes the use of social media by Amnesty International Norway (AIN), a medium-sized human rights organization. Specifically, the case looks at how and to what extent AIN fulfilled its aims of enhancing information, public debate, and mobilization for campaigns through the use of Facebook and the organization's own website blog. While AIN saw great potentials in using social media, a core question was whether opening up for more lateral communication would lead to a loss of trustworthiness and organizational identity. Although AIN experienced an initial lack of success in using social media to generate response and mobilization in 2011, it was able to develop a powerful social media strategy resulting in high degrees of activity and exchange in 2014. Findings indicated that this change seemed to rely both on the ability of AIN to reflect upon its own governance structures and on the organization's ability to learn from experience.
Enhancing Organizational Capacity through the Use of Social Media
Authors: Sun Rui , Asencio Hugo , Reid Julie
Published: March 2015

This chapter examines whether and how the use of social media and government funding may enhance the capacity of a nonprofit organization, help fulfill its mission, and facilitate its strategic planning process. Both the organizational capacity and strategic planning literature emphasize the importance of leadership, management, collaboration, and fiscal, technical resources. Using a case study of the American Lung Association in Arizona (ALAA), this chapter finds that government grants and strategic use of social media in nonprofit organizations can lead to increased public awareness of the issues related to their organizational missions, greater fundraising capacity, and enhanced collaboration among their employees.
Sum of the Parts
Authors: Morton David E.
Published: March 2015

The UK housing market has, over the recent 5 years, experienced considerable economic pressures both from the market place and the construction sector. The need for an economic and mass produced housing type that specifically targets the market to achieve the balance for the need of affordability and the benefits of mass customisation is a key focus for delivery. This study sought to deliver a mass produced housing system that could also deliver a high level of customisation. Historically housing that has been mass produced to ensure affordability, has removed a high level of customisation to ensure that the final costs were controlled. This paper also examines the design factors that are integral to the process of delivery of affordable housing. In addition, it will observe the gaps between affordability and mass customisation of a modern method of construction delivered project and the move away from traditional methods of delivery, mapping the shift in the procurement of the design for such housing typologies.
Using Building Information Modeling to Evaluate the Costs and Benefits of Adopting Sustainable Universal Houses in Canada
Authors: Jrade Ahmad , Jalaei Farzad
Published: March 2015

Existing homes for senior population may not be safe because many injuries occur due to poor accessibility and design compatibility. Thus, Universal Design (UD) becomes more relevant, especially if it incorporates the principles of sustainability. Yet, adopting houses of this type requires detailed evaluation of their costs and benefits in a simple and efficient manner. The Building Information Modeling (BIM) concept enables engineers to design and create virtual models permitting the visualization and evaluation of design alternatives before physical construction. The tools used to create BIM models lack detail information about UD principles. This paper presents a methodology that integrates BIM, UD and sustainability to attain sustainable universal houses for Canadians. The goal of this model is to simplify the process of creating sustainable universal houses in 3D and to evaluate the costs and benefits to stakeholders at the conceptual stage of the life of the houses.