bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rechtliche Sicherung des landschaftlichen Freiraums am Beispiel Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns Rechtliche Sicherung des landschaftlichen Freiraums am Beispiel Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns
Authors: Baier Hermann , Czybulka Detlef , Holz Rainer
Published: March 2017

Large unfragmented areas still exist in the German state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. In Germany, such areas are protected by the aims and principles of the Federal Nature Conservation Act (BNatSchG), the Protection of Nature Rule and by other national tools and acts.
Due to their general character, these provisions have not slowed land consumption. Since 1971, concepts for ecological networks were developed through international law. Their transfer into European Law such as the implementation of Natura 2000 (i.e., the European Union Birds Directive
of 1979 and Habitats Directive of 1992) was controversial in Germany. Due to the pressure applied by the European Commission (EC) on EU member states, the ecological network of protected areas that now covers about 19 per cent of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania is sufficiently coherent.
Based on the Convention on Biological Diversity, Article 3 BNatSchG prescribes a network of interlinked biotypes of national interest. The establishment of the network faces difficulties since German states are responsible for implementing it, but the federal government has no
enforcing power comparable to that of the EC toward the EU member states. Large unfragmented areas still exist in the German state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. In Germany, such areas are protected by the aims and principles of the Federal Nature Conservation Act (BNatSchG),
the Protection of Nature Rule and by other national tools and acts. Due to their general character, these provisions have not slowed land consumption. Since 1971, concepts for ecological networks were developed through international law. Their transfer into European Law such as the
implementation of Natura 2000 (i.e., the European Union Birds Directive of 1979 and Habitats Directive of 1992) was controversial in Germany. Due to the pressure applied by the European Commission (EC) on EU member states, the ecological network of protected areas that
now covers about 19 per cent of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania is sufficiently coherent. Based on the Convention on Biological Diversity, Article 3 BNatSchG prescribes a network of interlinked biotypes of national interest. The establishment of the network faces difficulties since
German states are responsible for implementing it, but the federal government has no enforcing power comparable to that of the EC toward the EU member states.
Landschaftszerschneidung in Grenzräumen – Sachsen und die Sächsisch-Böhmische Schweiz Landschaftszerschneidung in Grenzräumen – Sachsen und die Sächsisch-Böhmische Schweiz
Authors: Walz Ulrich
Published: March 2017

This contribution analyses a geographical database of unfragmented areas in Saxony and adjoining regions with special attention to Saxony's borders. The result shows that environmental analyses of landscape fragmentation should be based on areas defined by natural borders instead of
political frontiers, because in cross-border areas large unfragmented areas still exist. These unfragmented areas should be considered in regional planning and planning of infrastructure. The investigation of landscape fragmentation in the national park region Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland shows
that a coherent consideration of large unfragmented areas across the frontiers is necessary for further protection and development. This contribution analyses a geographical database of unfragmented areas in Saxony and adjoining regions with special attention to Saxony's borders. The
result shows that environmental analyses of landscape fragmentation should be based on areas defined by natural borders instead of political frontiers, because in cross-border areas large unfragmented areas still exist. These unfragmented areas should be considered in regional planning and
planning of infrastructure. The investigation of landscape fragmentation in the national park region Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland shows that a coherent consideration of large unfragmented areas across the frontiers is necessary for further protection and development.
Zeitenwende für die Nachhaltigkeit – Zur umwelthistorischen Zäsur um 1800 Zeitenwende für die Nachhaltigkeit – Zur umwelthistorischen Zäsur um 1800
Authors: Marquardt Bernd
Published: March 2017

The concept of sustainability has a history. Between 1350 and 1800, sustainability was widespread in Central Europe as a structural principle in the local laws of the feudal lordships. Decentralised rural societies were restricted by the amount of renewable natural resources available
to their local agricultural systems.The first part of the paper outlines the key elements of this concept of sustainability based on the land use system of the "Commons", or shared land. Traditionally, there was no "Tragedy of the Commons" as suggested by Hardin, but a local public law
designed to prevent overuse of forests and pastures. The second part focuses on the consequences of supplantation of this traditional land use system by the modern concept of individualised property, which took place around 1800. This change involved the breakdown of the former local public
environmental law. During the following one hundred fifty years, fossil energy use and infrastructure evolved in the absence of public environmental law. It is concluded that the sustainability concept was not invented in the latter half of the twentieth century but is a rediscovery of an
old tradition of European legal history.
Wenn Deiche weichen – umsiedeln? Warum Umsiedlungen in Deutschland kaum möglich sind Wenn Deiche weichen – umsiedeln? Warum Umsiedlungen in Deutschland kaum möglich sind
Authors: Kuhlicke Christian , Drünkler Daniel
Published: March 2017

Die schweren Hochwasser der letzten Jahre haben es wieder schmerzhaft vor Augen geführt: Deiche bieten nicht die Sicherheit, die ihnen oft zugeschrieben wird. Sie wurden überlaufen und untergraben, sie brachen zuhauf. Obwohl es auch in Zukunft Hochwasserkatastrophen geben
wird, baute man die zerstörten Orte an gleicher Stelle wieder auf. Umsiedlungen zieht in Deutschland kaum jemand in Erwägung. Anders in den USA: Das Beispiel der Gemeinde Valmeyer zeigt, daß der Umzug eines ganzen Dorfes durchaus möglich ist. Die schweren Hochwasser
der letzten Jahre haben es wieder schmerzhaft vor Augen geführt: Deiche bieten nicht die Sicherheit, die ihnen oft zugeschrieben wird. Sie wurden überlaufen und untergraben, sie brachen zuhauf. Obwohl es auch in Zukunft Hochwasserkatastrophen geben wird, baute man die zerstörten
Orte an gleicher Stelle wieder auf. Umsiedlungen zieht in Deutschland kaum jemand in Erwägung. Anders in den USA: Das Beispiel der Gemeinde Valmeyer zeigt, daß der Umzug eines ganzen Dorfes durchaus möglich ist.
White Biotechnology: A Second Chance For an Old Technique Weiße Biotechnologie: Eine zweite Chance für eine alte Technik
Authors: Marschall Luitgard
Published: March 2017

Under the label "white biotechnology" industrial biotechnology is being heralded as a new key technology. It is thought to be superior for ecological as well as economic reasons. By substituting complex chemical processes with microbiological procedures, the impact on the environment
is minimised. Moreover, these procedures use renewable resources thereby reducing the consumption of scarce and expensive fossil resources. Almost a hundred years ago, biotechnology was initially praised as the technology of the future. But those high hopes of the early twentieth century were
frustrated. Instead of engaging in extensive biotechnology research and development, the chemical and pharmaceutical industries decided to follow the path of chemical synthesis. As a consequence, biotechnology was marginalised as a niche technology and its development was retarded. This article
presents the central features of this historical development and concludes that, over the past century, the prospects of biotechnological procedures have improved to a large extent. On the one hand, increasing scarcity and expanding costs of resources as well as ecological constraints (like
the Framework Convention on Climate Change) have paved the way for economically more efficient applications. On the other hand, biotechnology has become theoretically and procedurally more mature and can therefore better connect with the established strategies of innovation in industry.
Biotechnologische Verfahren basieren auf nachwachsenden Rohstoffen und sind CO2-neutral. Mit Rohstoffverknappung und Klimawandel rückt daher vor allem die weiße Biotechnologie mehr und mehr in den Blick. Das war nicht immer so – lange galt sie als Nischentechnologie.
Living with Commons – between Strain and Opportunity: The Sustainability of Habitation through Communal Ownership Wohnen mit Commons zwischen Zumutung und Chance – Die Zukunftsfähigkeit des Wohnens mit Gemeinschaftsbesitz
Authors: Sennlaub Angelika
Published: March 2017

The quest for individuality and privacy in modern societies leads to a way of living in which an increasing number of individuals occupy more living space than they actually need. This over-consumption, then, creates an increased waste of space and resources. Not surprisingly, this
modern way of living is one of the focal points in current discussions of ways to shape a sustainable future. Living with communal ownership (commons) is one possible way to achieve sustainable housing and habitation, even though it involves a certain degree of strain for the residents. This
study describes and discusses residential properties where the idea of commons has already been put into practise. The study deals with the questions: How is living with commons experienced by the residents? What factors and strategies promote the realisation of common property? What sustainable
advantages does it offer? Die moderne Lebensweise verlangt immer größeren Wohnraum für den einzelnen. Eine zukunftsfähige Alternative ist Wohnen mit Gemeinschaftsbesitz: Es ist vor allem ressourcenschonend, erfordert aber zugleich ein hohes Maßan Akzeptanz von
den Bewohner(inne)n.
Österreich-Konsortiums GAIA: Bioraffinerie Kombiniert Mit Biogas Österreich-Konsortiums GAIA: Bioraffinerie Kombiniert mit Biogas
Authors: Schidler Susanne , Sotoudeh Mahshid
Published: March 2017

Ein EU-Projekt untersucht, wie innovative Umwelttechnologien entwickelt und verbreitet werden können. Erste Ergebnisse der ITA-Fallstudie zur Förderung der ,,Bioraffinerie kombiniert mit Biogas" zeigen, daß Forschungsnetzwerke eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Ein EU-Projekt
untersucht, wie innovative Umwelttechnologien entwickelt und verbreitet werden können. Erste Ergebnisse der ITA-Fallstudie zur Förderung der ,,Bioraffinerie kombiniert mit Biogas" zeigen, daß Forschungsnetzwerke eine wichtige Rolle spielen.
Einführung: Weder Fisch noch Fleisch: Vom Scheitern der europäischen Fischereipolitik – und neuen Chancen
Authors: Renn Ortwin , Köppel Sonja
Published: March 2017

Fast drei Viertel der weltweiten Fischbestände gelten als bis an ihre Grenzen befischt oder sogar als überfischt (FAO 2000). Die Übernutzung der Ozeane setzt sich trotz vieler Konferenzen, Vereinbarungen, Absichtserklärungen und Abkommen fort, auch in der Europäischen
Union. Trotz der für die Mitgliedstaaten bindenden Wirkung von Beschlüssen des EU-Ministerrats und der seit langem aktiv betriebenen europäischen Fischereipolitik ist keine Trendwende erkennbar. Für eine effektive, effiziente und demokratisch legitimierte Fischereipolitik
könnten regionale Kooperationen künftig eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Fast drei Viertel der weltweiten Fischbestände gelten als bis an ihre Grenzen befischt oder sogar als überfischt (FAO 2000). Die Übernutzung der Ozeane setzt sich trotz vieler Konferenzen, Vereinbarungen,
Absichtserklärungen und Abkommen fort, auch in der Europäischen Union. Trotz der für die Mitgliedstaaten bindenden Wirkung von Beschlüssen des EU-Ministerrats und der seit langem aktiv betriebenen europäischen Fischereipolitik ist keine Trendwende erkennbar. Für
eine effektive, effiziente und demokratisch legitimierte Fischereipolitik könnten regionale Kooperationen künftig eine wichtige Rolle spielen.
Basing Sustainable Fisheries on Better Catches from Bigger Stocks?
Authors: MacGarvin Malcolm
Published: March 2017

Many people are environmentally aware, but also want to eat fish, and see fishing families thrive. This is not an inherent contradiction. A reason for optimism in fisheries management is that, while we have run down the natural capital of many stocks, fish can have an astonishing rate
of growth. If allowed to regenerate they may provide much bigger absolute returns (catches), from a smaller proportional take from much bigger stocks. If so, this offers hope for fisheries and the environment. Which stakeholders will have to sit at the table, and what are the
issues to be raised before an agreement on sustainable fisheries management can be negotiated?
Von der Umweltforschung zur Umweltgestaltung Von der Umweltforschung zur Umweltgestaltung
Authors: Hoffmann-Riem Holger
Published: March 2017

Environmental research carried out exclusively in the laboratory does not contribute effectively to the solution of socially relevant problems. Reliable knowledge is best developed by carefully observing the effects of interventions. In this way, unexpected events can be utilised to
further develop existing knowledge and to fill knowledge gaps. At the same time, it is essential to take the interests of stakeholders into account. These requirements can neither be met by purely academic environmental research, nor by an unreflected implementation of measures. To solve environmental
problems, it is essential to develop new forms of environmental design that are based upon a tight connection between the application of knowledge and the production of new knowledge. Instead of a distinction between the implementation of measures on the one hand and basic research on the
other, we need new institutions that are responsible for combining both.
Integrative Ecological Research: Case-Specific Validation of Ecological Knowledge for Environmental Problem Solving
Authors: Kueffer Christoph
Published: March 2017

Taking ecology as an example, I discuss the contribution of a disciplinary natural science to environmental problem solving. Ecological theory has so far been of limited use for environmental management. I present an ecological research strategy that may be termed integrative ecological
research. It seeks to explain the complexity of specific field or real-world situations. I argue that such research should be viewed as complementary to other types of ecological research, and that it may be of particular relevance for environmental management – for instance, the adaptive
management of ecosystems. This analysis is illustrated with a bottom-up research collaboration combining plant-ecological research and ecosystem management in the Seychelles (Indian Ocean).
The World as Laboratory and Parliament – Bruno Latour's Political Ecology as Emerging from Science Studies Die Welt als Labor und Versammlungsort – Bruno Latours politische Ökologie aus dem Geiste der Wissenschaftsforschung
Authors: Hagner Michael
Published: March 2017

The historical and philosophical study of science and technology has undergone significant change in the last 20 years. The new goal of this approach is to focus on practices and the material representations of scientific knowledge. Bruno Latour, one of the main proponents of Science
Studies, has broadened this new approach to a "symmetrical anthropology", which tries to overcome traditional distinctions such as nature and society, subject and object, or human and non-human actors. This essay reconstructs and evaluates those features of Latour's theory that have become
central for his "political ecology". Discussing this proposal as an application of Latour's work in Science Studies, the paper argues that despite some serious flaws and shortcomings, he develops fruitful ideas for an anti-fundamentalist politics of nature.
The Polarity Field Concept – A New Approach for Integrated Regional Planning and Sustainability Processes
Authors: Muhar Andreas , Vilsmaier Ulli , Freyer Bernhard
Published: March 2017

Regional planning processes are traditionally structured along administrative sectors, where development issues are mostly discussed in disciplinary groups. This often inhibits innovations beyond sectoral limits. In the polarity field approach, the development challenges of a region
are identified in a participatory process and grouped according to underlying polarities that form the thematic focus of workgroups. In this process seemingly isolated topics can be placed into a common viewing frame.In Leben 2014, a comprehensive transdisciplinary case study conducted
in the Austrian region of Oberpinzgau, Salzburg, six polarity fields (i. e., "wilderness and culture", "single and together", "inside and outside", "tradition and innovation", "fast and slow", "young and old") were identified as thematic frames for structuring the planning process. Working
on polarity fields rather than sectoral topics stimulated innovative outcomes, as it brought together actors who had not communicated much before. The polarity field concept seems to be a promising framework in particular for informal planning and sustainability processes at a regional level.
Wenn Konsumentinnen und Konsumenten die Umweltverträglichkeit von Lebensmitteln beurteilen – Ergebnisse experimenteller Studien Wenn Konsumentinnen und Konsumenten die Umweltverträglichkeit von Lebensmitteln beurteilen – Ergebnisse experimenteller Studien
Authors: Tanner Carmen
Published: March 2017

Consumers can make a contribution to sustainable development by showing a demand for green products. Ideally, for choosing a product, a consumer would pay attention to the product's values on all environmentally relevant dimensions, which include: agricultural practice, transport distances,
packaging, and conservation practices. How do people deal with such a challenge? The experiments reported in this paper explore the environmental evaluations of food products that people make when presented with information about environmentally significant dimensions. The results show that
environmental judgments are affected by the way in which a particular product is presented, i.e., whether a given product is presented and evaluated separately (separate evaluation mode) or whether it is presented within a set of other product alternatives and evaluated side by side (joint
evaluation mode). Because consumers are highly susceptible to influences of context, they may sometimes arrive at erroneous conclusions about which products are environmentally friendly and which are not. As a consequence, despite their intentions to buy environmentally-friendly products,
consumers may, in the end, purchase products that are not environmentally friendly.
Annäherungen an ein sozial-ökologisches Raumkonzept Annäherungen an ein sozial-ökologisches Raumkonzept
Authors: Hofmeister Sabine , Scurrell Babette
Published: March 2017

Despite a commitment to the concept of sustainability, the socio--ecological transformation in the region of Dessau in Saxony-Anhalt progresses sluggishly. The project Blocked Transition? Creating Thinking and Action Space for Sustainable Regional Development investigates the
impediments of moving towards sustainable development in the region through the perspective of gender. The article follows and argues the project's thesis that, based on the results of gender studies, approaches towards new patterns of thinking and action for sustainability can be found.
Der soziale Metabolismus der Industrialisierung: Die Überwindung der energetischen Schranken des agrarischen Wirtschaftens Der soziale Metabolismus der Industrialisierung: Die Überwindung der energetischen Schranken des agrarischen Wirtschaftens
Authors: Krausmann Fridolin , Schandl Heinz
Published: March 2017

This article provides a socio-ecological and empirically founded perspective of the industrialisation period, focussing on the biophysical characteristics of the development process. The paper explores the physical limitations of growth in an agrarian socio-ecological regime, where
the availability of energy was based on biomass and land, and the mechanisms and strategies that enabled the society to surmount these limits over two centuries of industrialisation. With this perspective, industrialisation appears as movement away from the acquisition of energy through land
and labour towards the exploitation of natural stocks. The United Kingdom, which was the starting point of industrialisation 250 years ago, and Austria, one of the European late comers, serve as empirical case studies for a comparative analysis of changes in the socio-economic use of energy,
materials and land since the early 19th century. This analysis provides insights into the characteristics of the transformation of the agrarian socio-ecological regime and the fundamental changes in social metabolism and human interference with natural systems triggered by this
process.
Scientific Cultures of Non-Knowledge in the Controversy over Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO): The Cases of Molecular Biology and Ecology
Authors: Böschen Stefan , Kastenhofer Karen , Marschall Luitgard , Rust Ina , Soentgen Jens , Wehling Peter
Published: March 2017

The limits of scientific knowledge are an emerging problem in the debates about technological risk. In an exemplary analysis of the controversy surrounding genetically modified organisms (GMO), we show that the epistemic settings of two involved scientific disciplines – molecular
biology and ecology – entail different types of non-knowledge and deal with non-knowledge differently. Both of these "scientific cultures of non-knowledge" are analysed along five criteria: the way of dealing with unforeseen events, the way of dealing with complexity and uncertainty,
the temporal and spatial scales of knowledge, the de-and re-contextualisation of knowledge, and the epistemic (self-)reflexivity. The scientific culture of non-knowledge in molecular biology can be described as control-oriented, while that of ecology can be described as uncertainty-oriented.
This difference is mirrored in the societal discourses and regulations concerning GMO. A greater variety of cultures of non-knowledge seems likely, which calls for further analysis.
Zum Umgang mit Naturgefahren in Deutschland: Vom Reagieren zum Risikomanagement Zum Umgang mit Naturgefahren in Deutschland: Vom Reagieren zum Risikomanagement
Authors: Merz Bruno , Emmermann Rolf
Published: March 2017

To improve management of natural risks in Germany, we advocate a risk culture containing five elements. These elements – risk identification, risk analysis, risk appraisal, risk reduction, and management of residual risks – are arranged in a cycle since natural hazards and,
in particular, the damage potential and the susceptibility of our society to natural hazards evolve over time. Such a risk culture should centre on a risk dialogue involving all actors, with an open discussion of risks and mitigation options, including the costs and limitations of safety measures.
Because there is no absolute safeguard against natural hazards, it is indispensable to identify safety targets and to strengthen the response capabilities in the event that protective systems (e.g., river dykes) fail. Such a risk culture paves the way from simply reacting after catastrophic
events to genuine prevention.
Transdisciplinary Research: Heralding a "New Deal" between Science and Society? Transdisziplinäre Forschung: Vorbote eines ,,New Deal" zwischen Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft?
Authors: Lieven Oliver , Maasen Sabine
Published: March 2017

Transdisciplinary research creates a specific site of negotiation ("Gestaltungsöffentlichkeit") in which both scientific and extra-scientific forms of knowledge are debated. Our empirical analysis indicates that creating this site requires "boundary work" that balances the different
and, often, somewhat contradictory stakes of all participants. Boundary work is particularly apparent in the management of interfaces (i.e., in the capability of all persons involved to deliberate their demands at the science/policy-interface). We assume that this practice not only contributes
to the development of a new type of research but, more generally, to a "New Deal" between science and society at large. This justifies a perspective that emphasises political implications because the boundaries between science and politics are increasingly subjected to intensified negotiations.
Such negotiations can be observed through the different practices found in the more political domains (e.g., consensus conferences) and in the more scientific domains (e.g., transdisciplinary research). As a consequence, we conclude that boundaries in relation to the stakes are currently shifting.
The boundaries do not, however, dissolve.
Knowledge Integration in Transdisciplinary Research Projects – The Importance of Reflexive Interface Management Wissensintegration in transdisziplinären Projekten – Flexibles Rollenverständnis als Schl?sselkompetenz für das Schnittstellenmanagement
Authors: Truffer Bernhard
Published: March 2017

The improved integration of disparate knowledge stocks is one of the key promises of transdisciplinary research. This present paper illustrates the multifaceted characteristics of knowledge integration by analysing the experience gained through a major transdisciplinary research project
on green certification procedures for hydropower plants. These lessons learned allow a better understanding of the challenge to manage the diversity of interfaces between different actors and different forms of knowledge.
Impact Assessment of Transdisciplinary Research: In Need of a More Distanced View Wirkungsmessung transdisziplinärer Forschung: Es fehlt der Blick aus der Distanz
Authors: Pregernig Michael
Published: March 2017

Transdisciplinarity has become a fashionable term in contemporary reflections on alternative forms of scientific research. The transdisciplinary scientific community has paid great attention to quality assurance and evaluation in order to prove and ensure the added value of a transdisciplinary
approach. Currently, the focus is very much on procedural and project-oriented aspects. My analysis of two bioregional assessments, which were carried out in the United States of America in the mid-1990s, indicates that many of the characteristics that make up a successful transdisciplinary
research effort cannot be determined by just looking at the project itself. Rather, in order to identify many characteristics any analysis must also include a broader conceptual and empirical framework. My research findings provide two important conclusions and recommendations for the praxis
of transdisciplinary research. First, evaluation studies should take a longer-term perspective and have a more "distanced" look at transdisciplinarity. Second, research programme management should reconsider its euphoria for evaluation, controlling and other types of accompanying process support
since the success of transdisciplinary research also depends on a number of factors that are not amenable to direct management interventions.
Socio-Ecological Transformation of Economics – Problems, Potentials, and Perspectives Sozial-ökologische Transformation der Ökonomik – Probleme, Potentiale und Perspektiven
Authors: Luks Fred , Siebenhüner Bernd , Felbinger Doris , Lux Alexandra , Beschorner Thomas , Wendorf Gabriele
Published: March 2017

Mainstream economics has not yet fully responded to the challenges of sustainable development. The interactions between socio-economic and ecological systems require a transdisciplinary and solutionoriented approach, which is significantly different practice for most economists. We
introduce the concept of "socio-ecological transformations" and investigate 1. how socio-ecological transformations can be described and analysed in economic terms, 2. how socioeconomic and ecological interactions can be captured conceptually, and 3. what the potentials of individual and collective
actors are to counter the apparent malfunctions of these interactions. We address these questions with respect to three areas of current economic research: modern game theory, evolutionary economics, and ecological economics. These areas of research offer some fruitful contributions to the
study of socio-ecological transformations that may trigger a socio-ecological transformation of economics.
Empathy as a Key to Success for Regional Initiatives – A Study from Regional Management Support Empathische Kommunikation als Erfolgsfaktor für Nachhaltigkeitsinitiativen – Eine Studie aus der Regionalförderung
Authors: Ganzert Christian , Scherhorn Gerhard
Published: March 2017

In their 30-year update to The Limits to Growth, Donella Meadows and co-authors conclude that the greatest challenge of sustainability for humans will be to act in a spirit of global partnership, viewing themselves and others with compassion. Since people are disposed to compassion
if they are given the opportunity, the challenge will be to economics to require the inclusion of empathy in the concept of rational behaviour. In monitoring six initiatives in favour of regional welfare we found that familiarity with, esteem for, and active participation in the regional community
are based on a sense of empathy. As we attempt to show, the main catalyst for activating an engagement for regional cooperation appears to be empathic communication. This correlates well with recent research on cooperative behaviour. Judging from both empirical evidence and theoretical reasoning,
we conclude that common action in favour of the regional economy would be best built on a diversity of motives, on self-determined and cooperatively minded actors, and, in particular, on feedback instead of reward.
Institutionalisation of Sustainability – An Organisational Analysis of Housing & Construction and Mobility Sectors Institutionalisierung von Nachhaltigkeit – Eine organisationssoziologische Analyse der Bedürfnisfelder Bauen & Wohnen und Mobilität
Authors: Behrens Torsten , Beschorner Thomas
Published: March 2017

The notion of "Bedürfnisfeld" (field of needs) plays a crucial role in socio-ecological research in Germany. "Needs" indicates a change of perspective from the products of businesses toward the needs of consumers. However, the other part of the term, "fields", has not yet been
theoretically developed. Based on sociological NeoInstitutionalism, we suggest developing fields as organisational fields that enable the debate 1. to focus on the interdependencies of different (types of ) actors and 2. to investigate the process of the institutionalisation. We applicate
this approach in an empirical study on the institutionalisation of sustainability in two "organisational fields of needs": housing & construction, and mobility. Finally, we advocate a two-fold change of perspectives, i.e., from products to needs and toward a more precise understanding
of fields as organisational fields (of needs). Our level of analysis, i.e., the level of political institution building (not just through politics), links the macro-perspective of socio-economical frameworks with the microperspective of the socio-ecological commitment of single actors.
Problem-Oriented Environmental Research: The View of Geography and Landscape Ecology on Science and Application Umweltproblemforschung: Wissenschaft und Anwendung aus der Sicht von Geografie und Landschaftsökologie
Authors: Leser Hartmut
Published: March 2017

Environmental research is a broad field of study. On the one hand, environmental research is carried out on the basis of specialised approaches and on the other, on an integrative (i.e. holistic) approach. In this contribution about environmental research, landscape ecology is understood
as a man-nature-space system, the subject of which is the functional connection of nature, technology and society, according to Ernst Neef. Landscape ecology defines it as the so-called "landscape ecosystem". This model comprises the three very complex subsystems: the geosystem, biosystem,
and anthroposystem. This complex subject of environmental research can only be adequately examined if the approach is integrative. This in turn means that the various sciences must scrutinise their approaches and methods, so that they do not over-specialise, and that they cooperate on a transdisciplinary
basis. The results of this transdisciplinary research work are directed to the various sciences as well as the different fields of practice.
Recognising the Complexities of Ecosystem Management and the Ecosystem Service Concept
Authors: Ghazoul Jaboury
Published: March 2017

Ecosystem management emphasises ecosystem service concepts in order to improve land management and to justify nature conservation. This approach rests on the assumption that conserving ecosystem services can deliver net benefits for human welfare in terms of economic development. To
retain credibility, the advocates of ecosystem service concepts must acknowledge the constraints that may limit the reliability of this assumption, including trade-offs with other land-use benefits. The fact that ecosystem service concepts have not been well integrated into management implies
that such initiatives have not been persuasive among land managers and agriculturalists. I argue that this is due to the combination of a failure by scientists, conservationists, and other advocates of the ecosystem management approach to account for the trade-offs and opportunity costs inherent
in land management, and a lack of willingness to accept that managing for ecosystem services may place constraints on future management options. However, the ecosystem service concept has the opportunity to make substantial contributions toward more effective management by influencing thinking
among policy makers, land managers, and the wider public.
Das Forschungsprojekt Perspektiven Alpenrheintal
Authors: Spillmann Werner
Published: March 2017

Welche konkreten Auswirkungen haben Globalisierung und Europäisierung auf europäische Regionen und wie entwickeln sich Kulturlandschaften unter diesen Einflüssen? Das Alpenrheintal mit seinen drei Anrainerstaaten eignet sich besonders gut, um diese Fragen zu erforschen.
A College of Human Ecology for Europe
Authors: Serbser Wolfgang H. , Mrzljak Jadranka
Published: March 2017

Vor einem Jahr haben wir an dieser Stelle zur Gründung eines Colleges der Humanökologie im deutschsprachigen Raum aufgerufen – nach dem Vorbild des College of the Atlantic in Bar Harbor, Maine, USA. Der Aufruf provozierte nicht nur Reaktionen, sondern auch eine ganze
Reihe von unterstützenden Aktionen in Deutschland und darüber hinaus.
Forschung an der Universität für Bodenkultur Wien (BOKU)
Authors: Bauer Alexander , Hopfner-Sixt Katharina , Weissensteiner Roswitha , Amon Thomas , Muhar Andreas
Published: March 2017

Ein aktuelles BOKU-Projekt widmet sich der Frage, wie Biomasse effizienter für die Energieproduktion genutzt werden kann. Eine ganze Reihe von Projekten wird seit März 2007 im transdisziplinären Doktoratskolleg Nachhaltige Entwicklung (DOKNE) gebündelt. Worum es
bei DOKNE im Detail geht, erläutert der Projektleiter.
Forschung für die Nachhaltigkeit
Authors: Seiler Petra , Praetorius Barbara
Published: March 2017

Das BMBF-Rahmenprogramm fona – Forschung für Nachhaltigkeit fasst die Hightech-Strategie zum Klimaschutz zusam men und erläutert, warum diese Strategie nur mit Kooperationspartnern und im internationalen Dialog erfolg reich sein kann.Der Förderschwerpunkt
Sozial-ökologische Forschung stellt Innovationen für ein klimafreundlicheres Stromsystem vor.
Surprising Coincidence or Successful Scientific Communication: How Did Climate Change Enter into the Current Public Debate? Überraschender Zufall oder gelungene wissenschaftliche Kommunikation: Wie kam der Klimawandel in die aktuelle Debatte?
Authors: Egner Heike
Published: March 2017

2007 ist das Jahr, in dem sich das öffentliche Klima für den Klimawandel gewandelt hat: Noch nie erfuhr das Thema so viel Resonanz in den unterschiedlichsten Teilbereichen der Gesellschaft. Dies ist vor allem der Übersetzungsarbeit von Sir Nicholas Stern und den Politpop-Aktionen
von Al Gore zu verdanken. Die Klimaforschung lieferte die wissenschaftliche Gewissheit, dass den plakativen Aussagen eines Ökonomen und eines Politikers zu trauen ist – im Nachhinein.
Challenges for Forestry and Forest Research – How to Promote Effective Cooperation Between Science and Practice? Herausforderungen für Forstwirtschaft und forstliche Forschung – Wie können Wissenschaft und Praxis wirksamer zusammenarbeiten?
Authors: Jaeger Jochen , Pluess Andrea , Klank Charlotte , Ghazoul Jaboury
Published: March 2017

Wie vielerorts steht in der Schweiz das Waldmanagement angesichts des Klimawandels und gesellschaftlicher Änderungen vor großen Herausforderungen. Die verschiedenen Ansprüche an den Wald wie rentable Holznutzung, Risikominderung, Freizeit oder Erhaltung der Biodiversität
bergen ein Konfliktpotenzial. Wie können und sollen Forstwirtschaft und forstliche Forschung die Probleme angehen?
Transgenic Crops and Their Impact on Biodiversity
Authors: Kotschi Johannes
Published: March 2017

Worldwide an increasing share of agricultural land is being sown with transgenic seeds. Advocates of genetic engineering tout the potential of this technology to fight hunger, produce healthier food, secure higher yields, supply more biofuel and reduce pesticide use. Up to now, most
of these promises have not been fulfilled. Instead, genetic engineering technology has accelerated the industrialization of agriculture – with some alarming consequences for agricultural biodiversity.
Öffentliches Verkehrsangebot in ländlichen Räumen Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten und Auswirkungen auf die Lebensqualität
Authors: Meschik Michael , Meth Dagmar
Published: March 2017

The accessibility of destinations in rural areas via public transport is generally poor, if possible at all. The lack of public transport deprives individuals, who cannot or do not want to use a private car, of a certain quality of life. The obligation of public transport to be cost
efficient leads to further reductions in the service quality and to further decreases in the accessibility of friends and relatives, grocers, health services, education and recreation facilities. The European research project Actions on the integration of Rural Transport Services (ARTS)
investigated innovative public transport solutions particularly in scarcely populated areas. Projects in eight European regions were implemented and evaluated, six of which resulted in demand responsive transport initiatives or public transport linked with school transport. The examples show
that improvements in public transport can be achieved, but must be tailored to the local situation. For those without access to a car, being able to make trips by public transport is valued as important to their quality of life and helps to sustain social life in the rural areas.
Klimasensitivität, Leben und die Grenzen der Science-Kultur Zum Vierten IPCC-Sachstandsbericht
Authors: Luhmann Hans-Jochen
Published: March 2017

Das IPCC hat mit seinem jüngsten Bericht eine Alarmstimmung ausgelöst. Unter anderem erhöhte es die ,,beste Schätzung“ der Klimasensitivität (Temperaturerhöhung bei Verdoppelung der CO2-Konzentration) von 2,5°C auf 3°C. Ist
diese Korrektur der Beginn einer Tendenz? Das Klimaproblem drängt die Science-Kultur, ihre Grenzen zu überschreiten und das Klimasystem als Teil des Klima-Erdsystems zu fassen, wobei zunehmend Lebensphänomene zu berücksichtigen sind. Diese dürften die Sensitivität
des Systems besonders beeinflussen.
Forschung für die Nachhaltigkeit
Authors: Preissler Steffen , Kohlmann Romy
Published: March 2017

Das Rahmenprogramm fona – Forschung für Nachhaltigkeit des Bundes-ministeriums für Bildung und Forschung zeigt, wie die Zusammenarbeit mit den Ländern Mittel- und Osteuropas auf dem Gebiet der Forschung für die Nachhaltigkeit gestärkt werden soll.
Der Förderschwerpunkt Sozial-ökologische Forschung (SÖF) führt in das Forschungsthema systemische Risiken ein.
Nachhaltige Entwicklung erfassen – KLARTEXT spielen
Authors: Carabias-Hütter Vicente , Ulrich Markus
Published: March 2017

Ein neues Kartenspiel kombiniert Spielspaß und Wissensvermittlung: Über Alltagssituationen erfahren Spieler(innen) von ,,KLARTEXT – Mit Fakten und Fantasie in die Zukunft" Wissens wertes zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung in der Schweiz. Dabei lernen sie auch Inhalt und Aufbau
des schweizerischen Indikatorensystems zum Monitoring der nachhaltigen Entwicklung (MONET) kennen.
Mitverantwortung für Technikfolgen übernehmen
Authors: Sotoudeh Mahshid
Published: March 2017

Zur Halbzeit der UN-Dekade Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung findet die Konferenz Engineering Education in Sustainable Development 2008 erstmals in Österreich statt. Mit neuen Ansätzen sollen die Anforderungen an eine zukunftsfähige technische Ausbildung
sowie notwendige Reformen der technischen Universitä ten diskutiert werden.
Highlights humanökologisch relevanter Konferenzen und Kongresse
Authors: Stoll-Kleemann Susanne
Published: March 2017

Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Humanökologie (DGH) war im vergangenen Jahr durch ihre Vize-Präsidentin, Susanne Stoll-Kleemann, auf vielen Kongressen, Symposien und Konferenzen vertreten. Ihr Report akzentuiert bedeutende Veranstaltungen und deren Ergebnisse.
Concepts of Risk: An Interdisciplinary Review – Part 2: Integrative Approaches
Authors: Renn Ortwin
Published: March 2017

The second part of this review paper summarizes the approaches and concepts that promise an integrative perspective of risk. The approaches covered here include the concept of social amplification, a risk taxonomy and classification of the German Advisory Council on Global Change (WBGU),
and the Risk Governance Framework of the International Risk Governance Council (IRGC) in Geneva. The review concludes with a discussion of the contributions of each of these approaches to the academic understanding, as well as the practical management of risks.
What does it mean to claim that "humans cause global warming"? – A philosophical analysis of causal claims in the IPCC's arguments for anthropogenic global warming Was heißt ,,Die beobachtete Klimaerwärmung ist anthropogen"?: Eine kausalitätstheoretische
Analyse der Argumente des Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Authors: Bodenmann Tom
Published: March 2017

The claim that "humans cause global warming" is analysed by means of the regularity conception of causality. A key element in applying the regularity conception is the definition of certain types of events. On this basis, many popular scientific objections against global warming can
be refuted through formal reasons. This refutation reinforces the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) regarding the causal linkage between global warming and anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, the analysis shows why an unchallengeable statement
regarding the truth of a causal claim is not possible. In the case of global warming, a causal link can only be inferred with the help of climate models. Therefore, stating a certain degree of belief (i.e., subjective probability) is mandatory when attributing global warming to specific causes.
Hence, statements about subjective probabilities in the IPCC reports cannot be used as a reason not to act. Since a definite assessment of the global warming debate is not possible, the climate community must not close the debate as a result of its consensus.
Collapse of Civilizations – A Conceptual Analysis Based on the Example of the Imperium Romanum Zusammenbruch von Zivilisationen: Eine konzeptuelle Analyse am Beispiel des Imperium Romanum
Authors: Sieferle Rolf Peter
Published: March 2017

The fall of the Roman Empire is the classic example of a collapse of a complex society. The Western perception of "collapse" is in large part shaped by the Roman experience. There have been historical cycles of explanation for this collapse depending on actual perceptions of imminent
dangers. Some of the present explanations are critically assessed. In the end, the article asks what the concepts of "collapse" or "ruin" mean, and what the subjects of collapse are. In human societies "actors" and cultural "strategies" can be distinguished, and both can be subjected to ruin.
However, it is not necessarily the case that both are ruined simultaneously. Ruin and strategic adaptation to new conditions are two different outcomes of social crises.
Die deutsche Agrarwissenschaft: lokale Probleme, globale Forschungsfragen
Authors: Plieninger Tobias , Barlösius Eva , Hüttl Reinhard F.
Published: March 2017

Während auf globaler Ebene der Weltagrarbericht erarbeitet wurde, gab es in Deutschland zwei nationale Initiativen zur Neuorientierung der Agrarwissenschaften. Der Wissenschaftsrat empfiehlt eine grundlegende Strukturreform, die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft eine Ausrichtung
auf systemwissenschaftliche Forschung. Beide können helfen, die Forderungen des Weltagrarberichts konkret umzusetzen.
Wissenschaftliche Politikberatung – quo vadis? Ein Zwischenruf zur Gründung der Nationalen Akademie in Deutschland
Authors: Grunwald Armin
Published: March 2017

Deutschland hat seit kurzer Zeit eine Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften. Sie soll gesellschaftliche Zukunftsthemen wissenschaftlich bearbeiten und die Ergebnisse an Politik und Gesellschaft vermitteln. Aber wie versteht sich die Wissenschaft selbst – gegenüber Politik
und Gesellschaft –, wenn es darum geht, solche Themen zu identifizieren, zu bearbeiten und zu vermitteln? Kann die Nationale Akademie als die eine Stimme der deutschen Wissenschaft sprechen, wie es die Politik als Anspruch an sie formuliert hat? Und wäre dies überhaupt sinnvoll
und wünschenswert?
Forschung für die Nachhaltigkeit
Authors: Reuscher Günter , Keil Florian
Published: March 2017

Das BMBF-Rahmenprogramm fona – Forschung für Nachhaltigkeit gibt einen Ausblick auf das im September in Berlin stattfindende 5. BMBF-Forum für Nachhaltigkeit 2008. In den Mitteilungen des Förderschwerpunkts Sozial-ökologische Forschung
(SÖF) erläutert das Projekt start Strategien zum Umgang mit Arzneimittelwirkstoffen im Trinkwasser.
Von implizitem Know-how zu expliziten Thesen Inter- und transdisziplinärer Wissensaustausch
Authors: Fry Patricia , Bachmann Felicitas , Bose Lisa , Flury Manuel , Förster Ruth , Kläy Andreas , Küffer Christoph , Zingerli Claudia
Published: March 2017

Um gesellschaftliche Probleme lösen zu können, sollte Wissen aus allen Bereichen genutzt werden. Wie kann die Kommunikation zwischen unterschiedlichen Akteur(inn)en mit verschiedenen Wissensund Wertesystemen gefördert werden? Die AG Wissensaustausch begibt sich auf
die Suche nach Erfolgsfaktoren.
Wellpappe statt Schaum. Freiform-Schalungen in der Architektur umweltfreund licher produzieren
Authors: Fritz Oliver
Published: March 2017

Freiformen in der Architektur sind Formen, die nicht mehr mit ebenen Flächen oder Standardradien beschreibbar sind. Um sie zu bauen, kamen als Negativformen bislang häufig großformatige und in die gewünschte Form gefräste Schaumstoffklötze zum Einsatz.
Eine umweltfreundlichere Alternative zur Nutzung von Schaumstoff wurde an der Hochschule Liechtenstein entwickelt: Negativformen aus Wellpappe.
Globale Landwirtschaft vor alten und neuen Herausforderungen
Authors: Giger Markus , Hurni Hans , Portner Brigitte , Scheidegger Urs
Published: March 2017

Die globale Landwirtschaft steht vor enormen Herausforderungen. Um diesen zu begegnen, wurden kürzlich zwei internationale Berichte vorgelegt: das International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development und der World Development
Report 2008. Landwirtschaft ist zentral für die Bekämpfung der Armut: In dieser Botschaft sind sich die beiden Berichte einig. Bezüglich der Potenzia le des Marktes und neuer Technologien gehen die Meinungen jedoch auseinander. Die weitaus meisten landwirtschaftlichen Betriebe
sind klein und kapitalschwach – dies darf man bei der Diskussion der globalen Perspektiven nicht vergessen.