bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desvelando discursos: insustentabilidade e poder nos agrocombustíveis
Authors: Penido Marina De Oliveira
Published: September 2016

O artigo evidencia os interesses econômicos embutidos no discurso socioambiental dos agrocombustíveis, retratando as alianças empresariais firmadas entre grandes transnacionais do agronegócio, da biotecnologia e dos segmentos petroleiro e automobilístico. Questionando a insustentabilidade dos agrocombustíveis, discutimos sobre os fins que norteiam sua produção: os veículos automotores. Ao tecermos considerações sobre a trama geopolítica dos agrocombustíveis, recorremos às noções de “acumulação por espoliação” e “novo imperialismo”, apontando para a inserção dos países latino-americanos, caribenhos e africanos na divisão internacional do trabalho como fornecedores de matérias-primas e energia para os países ditos desenvolvidos. Para tratar do discurso social dos agrocombustíveis destacamos, em função de seu caráter emblemático, o Programa Nacional de Produção e Uso de Biodiesel – PNPB. O PNPB é um programa de produção em larga escala de biodiesel, que procura se justificar e se legitimar pela incorporação da agricultura familiar à sua cadeia produtiva, como forma de geração de renda no campo. Nesse quadro, embora o programa ressalte a participação da agricultura familiar, observa-se, no seu perfil produtivo em escala nacional, a predominância do agribusiness. Este artigo procura descontruir o discurso socioambiental hegemônico dos agrocombustíveis lançando mão da literatura pertinente, da legislação existente para o biodiesel e de dados secundários, com ênfase naqueles difundidos pela Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis – ANP.
Resistência social na Caatinga árida: a narrativa de quem ficou no colapso ambiental
Authors: Santana Otacilio Antunes
Published: September 2016

A região analisada é historicamente um espaço de conflitos e de uma “violência fundadora”, situada acima do médio São Francisco, entre as cidades de Ibimirim e Cabrobó (Pernambuco/Brasil). A presença desses conflitos, associada ao colapso ambiental causado pelo neoextrativismo local e ao clima árido, são fortes indícios para influenciarem a dinâmica populacional. Porém, o contrário é observado na região. A manutenção da população na região é corroborada pelo baixo valor de emigração e pelas narrativas. Por isso, variáveis ambientais e sociais foram coletadas e analisadas para avaliar se a ausência de uma dinâmica populacional é motivada por uma resistência social. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o contexto ambiental e a narrativa de quem ficou no colapso da matéria-prima na Caatinga Árida pós-neo-extrativismo, onde se pôde notar que a manutenção da população na região trata-se de uma expressão da resistência social local, na interface entre parâmetros ambientais e sociais analisados. A preservação da herança familiar (patrimonialismo) foi considerada o principal destaque nas narrativas dos sertanejos.
Vulnerabilização socioambiental de comunidades tradicionais no Complexo Industrial Portuário de Suape
Authors: Alves Stevam Gabriel , Dos Santos Mariana Olívia Santana , Gurgel Idê Gomes Dantas , Santos Solange Laurentino dos
Published: September 2016

Nos últimos anos, as obras de expansão do Complexo Industrial Portuário de Suape (CIPS) foram responsáveis por uma série de injustiças socioambientais que se materializam em um profundo processo de descaracterização socioambiental das comunidades tradicionais localizadas no território ocupado por novas indústrias. Essas injustiças proporcionam situações de vulnerabilização socioambiental por meio das atividades produtivas de dois grandes empreendimentos: a Refinaria Abreu e Lima e o Estaleiro Atlântico Sul. Este artigo teve como objetivo identificar os processos de vulnerabilização socioambiental que ocorrem nas comunidades Engenho Mercês e Ilha de Tatuoca, onde estão localizados os empreendimentos citados. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados foram: I) visitas de campo, II) entrevistas semiestruturadas; III) técnica de saturação teórica dos dados; IV) pesquisa bibliográfica; e V) registros fotográficos. Como resultado, identificaram-se algumas situações de vulnerabilização socioambiental advindas das atividades industriais, tais como: poluições hídrica, sonora e atmosférica; diminuição dos recursos naturais e processos de desterritorialização. Dessa forma, torna-se evidente que a expansão do CIPS por meio da chegada de novas indústrias é a responsável direta pelos processos de vulnerabilização que atingem os moradores das comunidades estudadas, interferindo diretamente nas relações entre sociedade e meio ambiente.
Os riscos ambientais da indústria de adesivos
Authors: González Isabel Valério , Hupffer Haide Maria , Jahno Vanusca Dalosto
Published: September 2016

A Lei 12.305/2010 instituiu a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), contribuindo decisivamente para minimizar o volume de resíduos sólidos e rejeitos gerados. O presente estudo propõe uma análise da aplicabilidade da PNRS e do princípio da responsabilidade compartilhada pelo ciclo de vida do produto adesivo, bem como objetiva indicar ações de gestão ambiental preventiva para a indústria de adesivos, mormente na parte contratual, sob a ótica da responsabilidade civil. A pesquisa é qualitativa, utiliza o método indutivo com apoio em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Os resultados apontam a relevância da responsabilização ambiental de todos os envolvidos no processo produtivo e de consumo do adesivo. Contudo, restou evidenciada a fragilidade da PNRS em face do risco abstrato. Por fim, apontam-se ações de gestão ambiental preventiva, dando ênfase à inclusão de cláusulas ambientais nos contratos jurídicos celebrados pela indústria de adesivos com seus fornecedores, parceiros e clientes.
Caracterización de los Sistemas de Áreas Naturales Protegidas en dos metrópolis Mexicanas
Authors: De la Mora-de la Mora Gabriela
Published: September 2016

A partir de uma análise policêntrica aplicada a nível mezzoregional, são caracterizados os sistemas de áreas naturais protegidas (SANP) urbanas e periurbanas nas cidades mexicanas de Guadalajara e Monterrey. Estes sistemas são defnidos pela proximidade das áreas urbanas e as áreas naturais protegidas, mas não por uma perspectiva normativa ou de política pública existente. As áreas naturais protegidas que fazem parte de ambos os sistemas são administradas e geridas por diferentes níveis de governo (federal, estadual e municipal), que enfrentam grandes desafos na sua gestão, causados por processos de urbanização locais, sendo uma das questões mais importantes a falta de coordenação e comunicação entre as autoridades dos diferentes níveis de governo. O estudo é realizado com base na análise de informação documental especializada no assunto e em dados empíricos recolhidos por meio de entrevistas com as principais partes interessadas em cada uma das metrópoles.
Bandidos na Serra do Mar? Conflitos, estratégias e usos múltiplos dos recursos naturais na Mata Atlântica de São Paulo
Authors: Calvimontes Jorge , Ferreira Lúcia Da Costa
Published: September 2016

O histórico da relação entre os moradores e os gestores do Núcleo Picinguaba do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar (PESM), localizado no litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo, está caracterizado pelos conflitos relacionados aos direitos de permanência e de uso dos recursos naturais. Criado em 1977, o PESM permaneceu no papel até inícios dos anos 1980, quando começaram os primeiros contatos com os moradores. Estes moradores, trabalhadores do campo e pescadores, viram, então, deslegitimados seus direitos ao trabalho e à continuação de suas atividades produtivas e culturais. Desde então, passaram a ser considerados clandestinos, ilegais ou, segundo suas próprias palavras, “bandidos”, devido a que a legislação proíbe a presença permanente de moradores neste tipo de áreas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar os conflitos, as estratégias e a organização dos diversos atores sociais vinculados ao Núcleo Picinguaba a respeito do uso dos recursos naturais e do acesso à terra e, finalmente, refletir se esta dinâmica influencia positivamente nos processos sociais associados à conservação da biodiversidade. Este conflito originou novas formas de organização no PESM: lideranças locais surgiram e se formaram associações comunitárias. Ao longo dos últimos anos, o diálogo entre gestão e moradores tem se intensificado e novos espaços de discussão e negociação, assim como novos atores com seus próprios interesses, têm aparecido. Três questões são transversais a este conflito: a questão da terra, a questão da identidade e a própria questão do uso e da conservação dos recursos naturais. Assim, os moradores têm se organizado em torno da luta pelo direito à terra, recorrendo para isso a estratégias identitárias e a categorias como populações tradicionais, quilombolas e caiçaras. Tudo isto em um contexto de uma UC de Proteção Integral, localizada em uma região não só altamente biodiversa, mas com um forte histórico de uso dos recursos naturais e de ocupação humana.
La Comunidad Zona Lacandona y las áreas naturales protegidas en su territorio
Authors: Calleros-Rodríguez Héctor , Guevara-Romero Maria Lourdes
Published: September 2016

Este artigo analisa a complexa relação entre o homem e a natureza. Analisa, sobretudo, os problemas apresentados nas Áreas Naturais Protegidas (ANP) localizadas em territórios indígenas. O artigo levanta duas hipóteses: i) a existência de ANPs na Selva Lacandona é produto da política ambiental mexicana que, durante quarenta anos, havia definido a selva como uma região de preservação da biodiversidade, porém, tal política ambiental gera relações de poder nas áreas em que atua; ii) a relação homem-natureza, que neste artigo se refere à relação entre a comunidade indígena (Comunidade Zona Lacandona - CZL) e as ANPs, apresenta as tensões que surgem devido ao tamanho e às necessidades das populações que vivem nessas áreas, mais que das relações de poder. Com base em uma análise da alteração do uso do solo e do crescimento populacional, o artigo apresenta dados atuais que confirmam a deterioração da cobertura florestal. O artigo é baseado nas pesquisas de campo realizadas na Selva Lacandona nos anos de 2008, 2010 e 2015.
Replanter une forêt en société postcoloniale: conservations ordinaires et participatives à l’Ile de La Réunion
Authors: Thiann-Bo Morel Marie
Published: September 2016

Durante uma pesquisa etnográfica, estudamos um projeto de desenvolvimento sustentável e participativo iniciado pela equipe do Parque Nacional de Reunião. Este projeto envolve a criação de Viveiros de Espécies Nativas de Reunião (PEIRun). Procurar compreender o seu desenvolvimento e a sua implementação revela, de um lado, as estratégias de empoderamento dos atores – profissionais ou pessoas comuns – envolvidos neste projeto; de outro lado, revela como as práticas adequadas de “conservação” respondem e se levantam contra a perspectiva hegemônica, percebida como a forma única de conservação da biodiversidade. Este projeto se desenvolve em um espaço específico – a Reunião, cuja especificidade reside no seu contexto pós-colonial que favorece as relações de dominação entre os atores de forma direta ou simbolicamente envolvidos neste projeto. Depois de explicar como a perspectiva de leitura do pós-colonialismo permitia compreender os sentimentos de justiça e injustiça ambiental dos atores, analisamos em que medida estas justiças ambientais seriam conciliáveis. Uma retrospectiva da história da construção do Parque Nacional da Reunião é, então, necessária para identificar as relações de poder que ali operam. Veremos desta forma que a participação se torna um embate sobre a justiça ambiental em nível local. Ao nos interessarmos pelas estratégias de empoderamento dos atores envolvidos no projeto, estudamos como os responsáveis pelo projeto PEIRun buscam corrigir as injustiças que percebem em suas práticas profissionais e como as populações alvo do seu projeto respondem ou não a esse objetivo com as suas próprias expectativas.
Gestão integrada e participativa em ambientes costeiros: estudo de caso do Projeto Orla no município de Balneário Rincão, SC, Brasil
Authors: Menezes Carlyle Torres Bezerra de , Lumertz Luana Da Silva , Munari Amanda Bellettini , Ceni Gianfranco
Published: September 2016

A zona costeira brasileira é singular por sua histórica importância socioeconômica e sua riqueza natural, onde atividades de elevado impacto poluidor coexistem com recursos ambientais de extrema importância. Na tentativa de agregar uma vertente participativa na política de gestão do território costeiro, o plano de gestão do governo federal denominado “Projeto Orla” apresenta-se como uma proposta de política pública descentralizadora e integrada. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho buscou contribuir na avaliação deste instrumento de gestão ambiental, considerando como estudo de caso a implantação do Projeto Orla no município de Balneário Rincão (litoral sul de Santa Catarina, Brasil). A partir da metodologia de observação participante e da análise de documentos de fontes primárias, identificaram-se os seguintes aspectos: (1) a participação da comunidade no processo de gestão territorial é fundamental para garantir o atendimento das necessidades e peculiaridades de cada região; (2) a integração dos instrumentos de gestão é de extrema importância para diminuir os conflitos no uso e ocupação do território; e (3) a educação ambiental é o principal instrumento de sensibilização para a transição do modelo atual de consumo para o modelo ambientalmente sustentável.
Vulnerabilidade física de parte do litoral leste do Ceará à erosão
Authors: Marino Márcia Thelma Rios Donato , Fernandes Denise , Moraes Suellen Galvão , Tajra Adriana Araújo
Published: September 2016

Este estudo apresenta os níveis de vulnerabilidade física de segmentos costeiros à erosão, analisados para cinco praias do litoral do Ceará, a fim de representar o potencial de reação da costa aos processos atuantes no sistema praial e aos efeitos do uso e da ocupação, por meio de uma abordagem semiquantitativa. Os níveis de vulnerabilidade e os processos de erosão costeira foram estabelecidos por meio da integração de metodologias desenvolvidas por Souza (1997; 2001), Souza (1999), Dominguez (1999), Souza & Suguio (2003) e Souza et al. (2005). Integraram-se, ainda, as características particulares de uso e de ocupação, embasadas nas metodologias de Dal Cin & Simeoni (1994), Projeto Orla (Brasil, 2006) e Mallmann & Araújo (2010). Estudos deste cunho constituem importantes ferramentas nos processos de gerenciamento e de gestão de zonas litorâneas, possibilitando a indicação de diretrizes para um ordenamento territorial de forma sustentável. Foi possível identificar que os fatores morfológicos costeiros, os processos litorâneos, as intervenções humanas e os atributos e dinâmica naturais influenciam fortemente a vulnerabilidade de cada praia. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que áreas que apresentam grau de vulnerabilidade muito alto coincidem com as células e setores mais urbanizados, sugerindo um controle muito mais antrópico do que natural sobre a vulnerabilidade. O índice do grau de vulnerabilidade à erosão, após a aplicação das metodologias, apresentou o mesmo resultado para cada célula delimitada. Entretanto, estas áreas necessitam de estudos específicos integrados, os quais possibilitem compreender as condições e os processos atuantes sobre o capital natural, no intuito de buscar soluções para minimizar os problemas encontrados decorrentes do mau uso e da ocupação, com a finalidade de chegar a um equilíbrio ambiental. A aplicação dos resultados registrados pode subsidiar a elaboração de planos de ordenamento territorial das praias monitoradas, tendo em vista que na maior parte delas a urbanização é acelerada e desordenada.
Does Shopping Preparation influence Consumer Buying Decisions?
Authors: Bellini Silvia , Cardinali Maria Grazia , Grandi Benedetta
Published: September 2016

Changes in consumers’ environment, specifically the economic crisis and the growing penetration of digital technologies, have produced significant changes in shopping habits, designed to gradually reduced the effectiveness of in-store marketing levers in influencing shopping behaviour. On one hand, due to the global economic downturn and the associated diminished disposable income, more shoppers are now searching more information before entering a store and evaluating more alternatives before to decide where and what to shop. On the other hand, the deep penetration of technological developments, such as digital media and mobile devices, among the population, has opened up new opportunities to influence shopper attitudes and behaviour in the retail environment. A new scenario seems to be opening up where more planning and preparation for shopping is carried out before customers entering the store. In this new environment, to formulate and execute effective shopper marketing strategies, managers need to better understand the complete picture of how online, offline, mobile and in-store marketing influence shoppers in the path-to-purchase-and-beyond cycle. Starting from recent research avenues, our work intends to explore the relationship between pre-shopping behaviour and shopping behaviour in-store, with the aim to understand how pre-trip activities have influenced shopping behaviour in-store. In order to get this purpose, we conducted a survey in three stores belonging to a leading Italian grocery retailer. Shoppers were intercepted in front of the display, when the chosen product was placed in the shopping cart. Through a structured questionnaire, respondents were asked about the nature of the purchase (planned vs unplanned) and the degree of out-of-store preparation (number and type of activity carried out). Data were processed using SPSS statistical software. The degree of grocery shopping preparation is found to influence shopper behaviour inside the store in terms of planned/impulse buying: the higher is the degree of preparation, the greater is the tendency to plan purchases and the lower is the tendency to make impulse purchases. Our findings could suggest retailers and manufacturers new ways to innovate the practice of shopper marketing, considering that marketing levers cannot still affect consumers’ decisions in-store as in the past.
Predicting New TV Series Ratings from their Pilot Episode Scripts
Authors: Hunter Starling David , Smith Susan , Chinta Ravi
Published: September 2016

Empirical studies of the determinants of the ratings of new television series have focused almost exclusively on factors known after a decision has been made to broadcast the series. The current study directly addresses this gap in the literature. Specifically, we first develop a parsimonious model to predict the audience size of new television series. We then test our model on a sample of 116 hour-long, scripted television series that debuted on one of the four major US television networks during the 2009-2014 seasons. Our key predictor is the size of the main component of the text network developed from the script of the pilot episode of each series. As expected, this size measure strongly explains the number of viewers of the new series’ first several episodes.
A Study on Science Students’ Understanding of Three Lemmas: State Verb, Action Verb and Noun in the State Run Colleges in Pakistan
Authors: Imran Muhamma , Asgher Tahira , Ghani Mamuna
Published: September 2016

English main verbs are classified as stative and dynamic. At first, this paper deals with the analysis of stative verbs, highlights their true nature and function and illustrates the concept of spontaneity within the state verbs. Secondly, it expounds how the term ‘lemma’ helps in sorting out the same words representing different parts of speech. Finally, it reports on the level of the science students’ competency in the use of state verbs, action verbs and nouns. For this purpose, 300 science students of intermediate level were selected as participants for the present study. A language proficiency test was conducted to collect data. The results revealed that majority of the students had scanty understanding of nouns and state verbs but their recognition of action verbs had been of average level. Some suggestions for improved pedagogy in teaching English grammar have been suggested on the basis of these findings.
Het UBO-register
Authors: van Roomen T.R.
Published: September 2016

Het UBO-register. Achtergrond en stand van zaken

In de vierde Europese anti-witwasrichtlijn wordt aan lidstaten de verplichting opgelegd om een centraal register in te stellen met informatie over de uiteindelijk begunstigden van vennootschappen en andere juridische entiteiten – het zogenaamde UBO-register. Inmiddels heeft de minister van Financiën de contouren gepresenteerd van het Nederlandse UBO-register. Dit artikel bevat een overzicht van de achtergrond en stand van zaken.
Noot bij Rb. Amsterdam 9 maart 2016, ECLI:NL:RBAMS:2016:1199
Authors: Nan J.S.
Published: September 2016

Noot bij Rb Amsterdam 9 maart 2016, ECLI:NL:RBAMS:2016:1199

De rechtbank acht artikel 3 sub a Regeling wapens en munitie te vaag, onder meer omdat voor de burger niet duidelijk is wanneer een (luchtdruk)wapen een sprekende gelijkenis vertoont met een echt wapen. De annotator meent dat dat oordeel rechtens onjuist is en dat de motivering van de gegeven vrijspraak de eerste drie vragen van artikel 350 Sv door elkaar haalt.
El reencuentro con el lugar: nuevas ruralidades, nuevos paisajes y cambio de paradigma
Authors: Nogué Joan
Published: September 2016

Estamos asistiendo a un reencuentro con el lugar a través de nuevas e imaginativas fórmulas, como resultado de un cambio de paradigma liderado por una sociedad civil que entiende la acción política de otra manera. Una sociedad civil que no tiene ningún problema en reconocer la importancia que tiene vincular las emociones a los lugares, a los paisajes y, en general, a la gestión del espacio público. Emergen en el mundo rural nuevos proyectos y actitudes, nuevos valores, nuevas formas de organización social que, en algunos casos, surgen casi de la nada y, en otros, se han reforzado precisamente gracias a la hecatombe económica, social y cultural provocada por la tan manida crisis económica.
Contrer l’intimidation scolaire : portrait des plans d’action pancanadiens
Authors: Roberge Ginette , Beaudoin Huguette
Published: September 2016

Depuis plusieurs années, des propos alarmistes sont véhiculés dans l’opinion publique et dans les médias à propos de la détérioration du climat scolaire, en particulier au niveau de la sécurité dans les écoles. Cet article vise à décrire les divers plans d’action et politiques officielles de prévention de l’intimidation à l’école, et ce, dans les provinces et territoires du Canada, par une analyse de contenu. Les éléments constitutifs de l’intimidation les plus communément admis par les chercheurs dans ce domaine ont été repérés. Ces facteurs ont ensuite été mis en parallèle avec les politiques et plans d’action provinciaux et territoriaux en matière d’intimidation au Canada. Les résultats dévoilent les forces et les limites des plans d’action canadiens pour l’ensemble du pays.
A Study of Classroom Inquiry and Reflection Among Preservice Teachers Candidates
Authors: Duquette Cheryll , Dabrowski Leah
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of four preservice teachers who used classroom inquiry and reflection to solve problems when implementing differentiated instruction in elementary classrooms during a practicum. Data from classroom observations, individual reflections, and discussions with a teacher educator were analyzed inductively. The findings show that the preservice teachers were able to describe their situations and reflect individually and collaboratively to analyze and resolve problems related to instruction, discipline, and student learning. The results extend our understanding of how teacher educators, mentors, or instructional coaches may provide preservice teachers with individualized support that can facilitate inquiry and reflection during their practica.
Artificial Chemistries
Authors: Banzhaf Wolfgang , Yamamoto Lidia
Published: September 2016

An introduction to the fundamental concepts of the emerging field of Artificial Chemistries, covering both theory and practical applications.

The field of Artificial Life (ALife) is now firmly established in the scientific world, but it has yet to achieve one of its original goals: an understanding of the emergence of life on Earth. The new field of Artificial Chemistries draws from chemistry, biology, computer science, mathematics, and other disciplines to work toward that goal. For if, as it has been argued, life emerged from primitive, prebiotic forms of self-organization, then studying models of chemical reaction systems could bring ALife closer to understanding the origins of life. In Artificial Chemistries (ACs), the emphasis is on creating new interactions rather than new materials. The results can be found both in the virtual world, in certain multiagent systems, and in the physical world, in new (artificial) reaction systems. This book offers an introduction to the fundamental concepts of ACs, covering both theory and practical applications.

After a general overview of the field and its methodology, the book reviews important aspects of biology, including basic mechanisms of evolution; discusses examples of ACs drawn from the literature; considers fundamental questions of how order can emerge, emphasizing the concept of chemical organization (a closed and self-maintaining set of chemicals); and surveys a range of applications, which include computing, systems modeling in biology, and synthetic life. An appendix provides a Python toolkit for implementing ACs.
Modelling TFE renal cell carcinoma in mice reveals a critical role of WNT signaling
Authors: Calcagnì Alessia , kors Lotte , Verschuren Eric , De Cegli Rossella , Zampelli Nicolina , Nusco Edoardo , Confalonieri Stefano , Bertalot Giovanni , Pece Salvatore , Settembre Carmine , Malouf Gabriel G , Leemans Jaklien C , de Heer Emile , Salvatore Marco , Peters Dorien JM , Di Fiore Pier Paolo , Ballabio Andrea
Published: September 2016

TFE-fusion renal cell carcinomas (TFE-fusion RCCs) are caused by chromosomal translocations that lead to overexpression of the TFEB and TFE3 genes (Kauffman et al., 2014). The mechanisms leading to kidney tumor development remain uncharacterized and effective therapies are yet to be identified. Hence, the need to model these diseases in an experimental animal system (Kauffman et al., 2014). Here, we show that kidney-specific TFEB overexpression in transgenic mice, resulted in renal clear cells, multi-layered basement membranes, severe cystic pathology, and ultimately papillary carcinomas with hepatic metastases. These features closely recapitulate those observed in both TFEB- and TFE3-mediated human kidney tumors. Analysis of kidney samples revealed transcriptional induction and enhanced signaling of the WNT β-catenin pathway. WNT signaling inhibitors normalized the proliferation rate of primary kidney cells and significantly rescued the disease phenotype in vivo. These data shed new light on the mechanisms underlying TFE-fusion RCCs and suggest a possible therapeutic strategy based on the inhibition of the WNT pathway.
Boundary cells restrict dystroglycan trafficking to control basement membrane sliding during tissue remodeling
Authors: McClatchey Shelly TH , Wang Zheng , Linden Lara M , Hastie Eric L , Wang Lin , Shen Wanqing , Chen Alan , Chi Qiuyi , Sherwood David R
Published: September 2016

Epithelial cells and their underlying basement membranes (BMs) slide along each other to renew epithelia, shape organs, and enlarge BM openings. How BM sliding is controlled, however, is poorly understood. Using genetic and live cell imaging approaches during uterine-vulval attachment in C. elegans, we have discovered that the invasive uterine anchor cell activates Notch signaling in neighboring uterine cells at the boundary of the BM gap through which it invades to promote BM sliding. Through an RNAi screen, we found that Notch activation upregulates expression of ctg-1, which encodes a Sec14-GOLD protein, a member of the Sec14 phosphatidylinositol-transfer protein superfamily that is implicated in vesicle trafficking. Through photobleaching, targeted knockdown, and cell-specific rescue, our results suggest that CTG-1 restricts BM adhesion receptor DGN-1 (dystroglycan) trafficking to the cell-BM interface, which promotes BM sliding. Together, these studies reveal a new morphogenetic signaling pathway that controls BM sliding to remodel tissues.
Pask integrates hormonal signaling with histone modification via Wdr5 phosphorylation to drive myogenesis
Authors: Kikani Chintan K , Wu Xiaoying , Paul Litty , Sabic Hana , Shen Zuolian , Shakya Arvind , Keefe Alexandra , Villanueva Claudio , Kardon Gabrielle , Graves Barbara , Tantin Dean , Rutter Jared
Published: September 2016

PAS domain containing protein kinase (Pask) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase implicated in energy homeostasis and metabolic regulation across eukaryotic species. We now describe an unexpected role of Pask in promoting the differentiation of myogenic progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells and adipogenic progenitor cells. This function of Pask is dependent upon its ability to phosphorylate Wdr5, a member of several protein complexes including those that catalyze histone H3 Lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) during transcriptional activation. Our findings suggest that, during myoblast differentiation, Pask stimulates the conversion of repressive H3K4me1 to activating H3K4me3 marks on the promoter of the differentiation gene myogenin (Myog) via Wdr5 phosphorylation. This enhances accessibility of the MyoD transcription factor and enables transcriptional activation of the Myog promoter to initiate muscle differentiation. Thus, as an upstream kinase of Wdr5, Pask integrates signaling cues with the transcriptional network to regulate the differentiation of progenitor cells.
Solution-based mist CVD technique for CH3NH3Pb(Br1−
xClx)3 inorganic–organic perovskites
Authors: Nishinaka Hiroyuki , Yoshimoto Masahiro
Published: September 2016

We report the growth of inorganic–organic perovskites using a solution-based mist chemical vapor deposition (mist CVD) technique and the successful growth of the alloying CH3NH3Pb(Br1−

x
Cl
x
)3 using mixture solutions of Br and Cl precursors. The formation mechanism of the inorganic–organic perovskite grown by the laminar flow-type mist CVD is suggested to be a vapor phase reaction, although solution precursors are used. The near-band-edge emissions from photoluminescence can be tuned from 500 to 550 nm by considering Br/Cl ratios in the solution without crystal phase segregation by incorporating Cl into crystalline CH3NH3PbBr3 films.
Fully printed and flexible ferroelectric capacitors based on a ferroelectric polymer for pressure detection
Authors: Sekine Tomohito , Sugano Ryo , Tashiro Tomoya , Fukuda Kenjiro , Kumaki Daisuke , Dos Santos Fabrice Domingues , Miyabo Atsushi , Tokito Shizuo
Published: September 2016

We report on the fabrication and demonstration of fully printed ferroelectric capacitors using poly(vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene) [P(VDF–TrFE)]. The printed ferroelectric capacitors were primarily fabricated by ink-jet printing on a thin plastic film substrate. The annealing process for the P(VDF–TrFE) layer was optimized from the viewpoints of surface morphology and crystallinity. A good ferroelectric polarization–electric field loop and piezoelectricity in the P(VDF–TrFE) were achieved for the printed ferroelectric capacitors. We have succeeded in the detection of a weak pressure of 150 mbar using the printed ferroelectric capacitor, which is an indication of a potential application to health-care biosensors. These results were realized by the optimization of the annealing temperature for the P(VDF–TrFE) layer.
Quantifying the probability of meteotsunami occurrence from synoptic atmospheric patterns
Authors: Šepić Jadranka , Vilibić Ivica , Monserrat Sebastian
Published: September 2016

A synoptic atmospheric index is constructed for the region of the Balearic Islands, Spain. The index links the occurrence of meteotsunamis, i.e., atmospherically induced high‐frequency sea level oscillations (2 min < T < 120 min), to contemporaneous meteorological synoptic conditions above the region. The correlation between the synoptic index and wave heights is found to be significant and high (up to 0.75). The vertical wind profile is recognized as the most important variable governing the sea level response to atmospheric conditions. The probability of the occurrence of a meteotsunami can be then evaluated from synoptic atmospheric variables. The results show that there exists an index threshold, below which the probability for an intense meteotsunami occurrence is extremely low. However, meteotsunami‐favorable synoptic conditions (the index exceeding the threshold value) are crucial but insufficient; some mesoscale features, not reflected in the synoptic pattern, are found to play an important role in meteotsunami generation. The constructed index is potentially applicable to other world locations where a set of tsunamigenic synoptic conditions may be defined in a similar way as at the Balearic Islands. The index can be used to estimate the rate of meteotsunami occurrence under the conditions of past, present, and future climates. It can also be effectively used in meteotsunami warning systems, especially to switch between a “silent mode” (index below the threshold value) to an “event mode.”
Universal time variations of the auroral hemispheric power and their interhemispheric asymmetry from TIMED/GUVI observations
Authors: Luan Xiaoli , Wang Wenbin , Burns Alan , Dou Xiankang
Published: September 2016

This paper quantitatively analyzes the auroral hemispheric power (HP) and its interhemispheric asymmetry as a function of universal time (UT) for geomagnetically quiet conditions (Kp 1–3) from Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Global Ultraviolet Imager (TIMED/GUVI) imaging observations. The HP variation with UT can be approximately characterized as two cases: One is for similar HP variations in the equinoxes in the Northern Hemisphere and for the June solstices of both hemispheres, and the other is for similar HP patterns in the equinoxes in the Southern Hemisphere and for the December solstices of both hemispheres. In the equinoxes, the HP variations are interhemispherically asymmetric due to different occurrence time of the HP peak. In the solstices, the HP is generally interhemispherically symmetric in its diurnal variations, but there is interhemispheric asymmetry in the magnitudes of the maximum HP. For geomagnetically quiet conditions (Kp = 2), in the equinoxes relative interhemispheric differences are typically between 0 and 20%, with respect to the averaged HP from the two hemispheres, while during the solstices, the maximum relative interhemispheric asymmetry can be as large as 30% in December, but it is only ~15% in June. These two cases are mainly associated with variations of auroral precipitation power in the night side sector (21:00–03:00 magnetic local time/MLT), which are primarily controlled by solar illumination conditions in both hemispheres and are also attributed to the difference in the geographical area of the auroral oval in the two hemispheres. Furthermore, the general interhemispheric symmetry of the HP variations in solstices suggests that auroral acceleration is not only controlled locally by solar illumination conditions, which has been well known previously, but also might be affected by processes in the precipitation source region.
Equatorial noise emissions with a quasiperiodic modulation observed by DEMETER at harmonics of the O+ ion gyrofrequency
Authors: Parrot Michel , Nĕmec František , Santolík Ondřej , Cornilleau‐Wehrlin Nicole
Published: September 2016

The analysis of ionospheric equatorial noise (EN) with a quasiperiodic (QP) modulation observed by the Detection of Electro‐Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions (DEMETER) spacecraft is presented. These EN emissions, also called whistler mode or fast magnetosonic waves, play an important role in acceleration of radiation belt electrons. A statistical analysis with 103 events shows that they occur just after intense magnetic storms. Usually, they are generated by unstable proton ring distribution close to the magnetic equator at harmonics of the proton gyrofrequency in the inner magnetosphere (2 < L < 8). But at lower L values down in the ionosphere three events have been analyzed and it appears that the EN waves are at harmonics of—or very close to—a O+ ion gyrofrequency which can be found close to or slightly above the satellite. The wave propagation analysis indicates that these emissions are coming from an area above the satellite. Concerning one event, the EN emissions are observed on several consecutive orbits and there is a temporal coincidence with observations performed by the Cluster satellites at higher altitudes in the magnetosphere. EN emissions at lower frequencies have been also observed by the Cluster satellites in the same longitudinal sector as DEMETER but at ~5 RE. The analysis of the Spatio Temporal Analysis of Field Fluctuations data on board C1 reveals that the magnetic field spectrogram has peaks close to harmonics of the local proton gyrofrequency as usually reported. It is shown that the DEMETER and Cluster EN waves have a similar QP modulation but with slightly different period and frequency.
“Explosively growing” vortices of unstably stratified atmosphere
Authors: Onishchenko O. G. , Horton W. , Pokhotelov O. A. , Fedun V.
Published: September 2016

A new type of “explosively growing” vortex structure is investigated theoretically in the framework of ideal fluid hydrodynamics. It is shown that vortex structures may arise in convectively unstable atmospheric layers containing background vorticity. From an exact analytical vortex solution the vertical vorticity structure and toroidal speed are derived and analyzed. The assumption that vorticity is constant with height leads to a solution that grows explosively when the flow is inviscid. The results shown are in agreement with observations and laboratory experiments
Free Speech: A Right for Good – and for Trouble‐Making?
Authors: Parens Henri
Published: September 2016

Free Speech, intended to permit citizens of any community to publicly express dissent in order to influence, even change governance for the good of society has also given license to some members of society to insult, attack and harm others within and outside one's own society. This key element of human rights, “the freedom of speech” can and has been subject to corruption and used to attack those with whom, our ideology is in disaccord. The Janus Dilemma has it that “free speech” yields words of guidance and human good; but also words of attack and of wounding that stir human conflict.
Combining ex situ and in situ methods to improve water quality testing for the conservation of aquatic species
Authors: Pollard Carla J. , Stockwell Michelle P. , Bower Deborah S. , Clulow John , Mahony Michael J.
Published: September 2016

Determining whether water quality is suitable is an important part of managing aquatic species for conservation, although it is often challenging to achieve. Past approaches have largely consisted of tests exposing individuals to artificial solutions, or field studies that examine the effect of a subset of water quality parameters on the distribution or abundance of a species.

Owing to the complex nature of water chemistry in natural systems, which is difficult to replicate using laboratory studies or to capture entirely with correlational field studies, these types of study may not be suitable for determining accurately whether or not water quality at a particular site is suitable for a target species. In situations where conservation outcomes rely heavily on achieving this, an alternative approach is therefore needed.

Embryos of the threatened green and golden bell frog Litoria aurea were placed in water collected from ponds that were used by this species for breeding and ponds where breeding was not detected at Sydney Olympic Park, Australia. After 19 days, the tadpoles were placed in enclosures in the same breeding and non‐breeding ponds, and monitored until they metamorphosed.

There was no difference in tadpole survival, time to metamorphosis or body condition between the two treatments, indicating that poor water quality was not a cause of low pond occupancy by tadpoles at the site and resources should be directed towards investigating other potential causes.

We suggest that this method of an ex situ followed by an in situ exposure study is an effective approach to eliminating or confirming poor water quality as a cause of population declines and reduced occupancy, for species that are aquatic for at least part of their life cycle. Other applications include establishing that artificially created habitat provides suitable water chemistry, or identifying a potential location for a reintroduction project.

Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing Intense Blue and Magenta Colors in α‐LiZnBO3: The Role of 3d‐Metal Substitution and Coordination
Authors: Tamilarasan S. , Reddy M. L. P. , Natarajan S. , Gopalakrishnan J.
Published: September 2016

We describe the synthesis, crystal structures, and optical absorption spectra/colors of 3d‐transition‐metal‐substituted α‐LiZnBO3 derivatives: α‐LiZn1−xMIIxBO3 (MII=CoII (0<x<0.50), NiII (0<x≤0.05), CuII (0<x≤0.10)) and α‐Li1+xZn1−2xMIIIxBO3 (MIII=MnIII (0<x≤0.10), FeIII (0<x≤0.25)). The crystal structure of the host α‐LiZnBO3, which is both disordered and distorted with respect to Li and Zn occupancies and coordination geometries, is largely retained in the derivatives, which gives rise to unique colors (blue for CoII, magenta for NiII, violet for CuII) that could be of significance for the development of new, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly pigment materials, particularly in the case of the blue pigments.

Accordingly, this work identifies distorted tetrahedral MO4 (M=Co, Ni, Cu) structural units, with a long M−O bond that results in trigonal bipyramidal geometry, as new chromophores for blue, magenta, and violet colors in a α‐LiZnBO3 host. From the L*a*b* color coordinates, we found that Co‐substituted compounds have an intense blue color that is stronger than that of CoAl2O4 and YIn0.90Mn0.10O3. The near‐infrared (NIR) reflectance spectral studies indicate that these compounds exhibit a moderate IR reflectivity that could be significant for applications as “cool pigments”.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Benzannulation of N‐Pivaloylanilines with Internal Alkynes through Dual C−H Bond Activation: Synthesis of Highly Substituted Naphthalenes
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Yu Xiaoqiang , Feng Xiujuan , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Almansour Abdulrahman I. , Arumugam Natarajan , Kumar Raju Suresh , Bao Ming
Published: September 2016

An efficient method was developed for the synthesis of highly substituted naphthalenes through rhodium‐catalyzed oxidative benzannulation of N‐pivaloylanilines with internal alkynes. The benzannulation reaction proceeded smoothly through dual C−H bond activation to produce the corresponding highly substituted naphthalene products in satisfactory to good yields.
Achieving Pure Deep‐Blue Electroluminescence with CIE y≤0.06 via a Rational Design Approach for Highly Efficient Non‐Doped Solution‐Processed Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Reddy Saripally Sudhaker , Sree Vijaya Gopalan , Cho Woosum , Jin Sung‐Ho
Published: September 2016

Deep‐blue fluorescent emitters with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) y≤0.06 are urgently needed for high‐density storage, full‐color displays and solid‐state lighting. However, developing such emitters with high color purity and efficiency in solution‐processable non‐doped organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) remains an important challenge. Here, we present the synthesis of two new deep‐blue fluorescent emitters (AFpTPI and AFmTPI) based on 10‐(9,9‐diethyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐9,9‐dimethyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine as a core and 1,3‐ and/or 1,4‐phenylene‐linked triphenylimidazole (TPI) analogues for non‐doped solution‐processable OLEDs. Their thermal, photophysical, electrochemical, and device characteristics are explored, and also strongly supported by density functional theory (DFT) study. AFpTPI and AFmTPI exhibit excellent thermal stability (≈450 °C) with high glass transition temperatures (Tg; 141–152 °C) and deep‐blue emission with high quantum yields. Specifically, the solution‐processed non‐doped device with AFpTPI as an emitter exhibits a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 4.56 % with CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.06), which exactly matches the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) blue standard. In addition, AFmTPI also displays good efficiency and better color purity (EQE: 3.37 %; CIE (0.15, 0.05)). To the best of our knowledge, the present work is the first report on non‐doped solution‐processable OLEDs with efficiency close to 5 % and CIE y≤0.06.
Metoprolol decreases the plasma exposure of metformin via the induction of liver, kidney and muscle uptake in rats
Authors: Ma Yan‐rong , Shi A‐xi , Qin Hong‐yan , Zhang Tiffany , Wu Yan‐fang , Zhang Guo‐qiang , Wu Xin‐an
Published: September 2016

Drug interactions are one of the commonest causes of side effects, particularly in long‐term therapy. The aim of the current study was to investigate the possible effects of metoprolol on the pharmacokinetics of metformin in rats and to clarify the mechanism of drug interaction. In this study, rats were treated with metformin alone or in combination with metoprolol. Plasma, urine and tissue concentrations of metformin were determined by HPLC. Western blotting and real‐time qPCR were used to evaluate the expression of rOCTs and rMATE1. The results showed that, after single or 7‐day repeated administration, the plasma concentrations of metformin in the co‐administration group were significantly decreased compared with that in the metformin group. However, the parameter V/F of metformin in the co‐administration group was markedly increased compared with that in the metformin group. The hepatic, renal and muscular Kp of metformin were markedly elevated after co‐administration with metoprolol. Consistently, metformin uptake in rat kidney slices was significantly induced by metoprolol. In addition, multiple administrations of metoprolol significantly reduced the expression of rMATE1 in rat kidney as well as the urinary excretion of metformin. Importantly, after long‐term administration, lactic acid and uric acid levels in the co‐administration group were increased by 25% and 26%, respectively, compared with that in the metformin group. These results indicate that metoprolol can decrease the plasma concentration of metformin via the induction of hepatic, renal and muscular uptake, and long‐term co‐administration of metformin and metoprolol can cause elevated lactic acid and uric acid levels. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protecting Triazabutadienes To Afford Acid Resistance
Authors: Guzman Lindsay E. , Kimani Flora W. , Jewett John C.
Published: September 2016

Recent work on triazabutadienes has shown that they have the ability to release aryl diazonium ions under exceptionally mild acidic conditions. There are instances that require that this release be prevented or minimized. Accordingly, a base‐labile protection strategy for the triazabutadiene is presented. It affords enhanced synthetic and practical utility of the triazabutadiene. The effects of steric and electronic factors in the rate of removal are discussed, and the triazabutadiene protection is shown to be compatible with the traditional acid‐labile protection strategy used in solid phase peptide synthesis.