bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating environmental DNA metabarcoding as a survey tool for unionid mussel assessments
Authors: Marshall Nathaniel T. , Symonds Daniel E. , Dean Cheryl A. , Schumer Gregg , Fleece William Cody
Published: June 2022

Freshwater unionid mussels are a taxa‐rich group of bivalves that play a critical role in maintaining freshwater ecosystems, but are heavily imperilled due to anthropogenic influences. Environmental DNA (eDNA) provides potential benefits for the monitoring of unionids through higher detection sensitivity, lower costs, less intrusion on the environment, and added advantages for sampling challenging and remote habitats.

We compare an extensive mussel rescue survey conducted as part of the demolition of a dam with the detection of mussels using eDNA metabarcoding. The unique mussel rescue survey provided a rare opportunity for an in‐depth analysis of unionid eDNA detection across both small sampling cells and a large sampling region.

Environmental DNA detected 22 of the 24 (91.67%) species sampled in the rescue survey, with the two absent species found as only single individuals. A species missed by the rescue survey was detected with eDNA (Potamilus alatus), along with hidden cryptic diversity within the genus Pyganodon. Both survey methods detected the presence of two federally listed species from multiple sampling cells (Plethobasus cyphyus and Theliderma cylindrica). Furthermore, eDNA provided similar estimates of relative mussel abundances across the sampling region.

Estimates of mussel diversity were similar between the two methods, and eDNA successfully detected the two federally listed species present. These results contribute to the growing knowledge of eDNA‐based biological assessments and provide valuable insight into comparing sampling effort and detection rates from conventional and eDNA survey methods.

As eDNA collection can widen the traditional sampling season and improve the ability to sample difficult or dangerous environments, these results demonstrate the practicality of eDNA metabarcoding as a supplemental sampling method to describe diverse mussel communities and improve the detection of threatened and endangered species.
Factors determining yield and nutritive value of maize for silage under tropical conditions
Authors: Lima Luciana M. , Bastos Márcio S. , Ávila Carla L. S. , Ferreira Danton D. , Casagrande Daniel R. , Bernardes Thiago F.
Published: June 2022

Our objective was to assess maize fields in two growing seasons to determine the factors that affect the yield and nutritive value of maize silage produced in Brazil. Seventy‐four commercial maize fields, 49 in the first growing season (FGS) and 25 in the second (SGS), were sampled over two crop years. In each field, 12 linear meters of plants were cut by hand at 25 cm above ground. Characteristics of the field, plants, and their components (stalk, leaves, husk, cob, and grains) were evaluated. Farmers were interviewed regarding the crop management practices applied. Chopped maize forage was dried to assess its chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and in vitro fibre digestibility. Descriptive statistics was carried out for agronomic and nutritional variables. To determine the factors that affected yield and nutritive value in maize fields, artificial neural networks were used. The dry matter yield (DMY), NDF concentration, starch concentration, NDF digestibility, and DM digestibility were chosen as response variables. Then, the top 10 main parameters were used to explain the results. Overall, the association between grain and stover yield maximized DMY. Plant population (plants/ha) and plant maturity were also important to explain yield. Grain depth and number of grains per row were the two most important parameters linked to genetic traits. Plant maturity was decisive in altering the nutritive value of forage maize. Maize grown in the FGS had both greater yield and nutritive value than maize in the SGS.
UV irradiation improved gel properties and chill‐stored stability of surimi gel
Authors: Pang Shiwen , Wang Yong , Hao Ruoyi , Mráz Jan , Li Shengjie , Zheng Qilin , Pan Jinfeng
Published: June 2022

The study investigated the properties and storage stability of Japanese Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius) surimi gel exposed to ultraviolet irradiation for 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 h (UV0.5, UV1, UV2, UV3) before thermal treatment. The results showed that all UV‐irradiated surimi gels exhibited compact microstructure along with increased gel strength and water‐holding capacity than control. Investigations on chemical properties of myofibrillar protein (MP) from surimi showed that tryptophan fluorescence intensity declined while bromophenol blue‐binding capability increased after UV irradiation. Sulfhydryl content in MP of UV2 and UV3 decreased while their carbonyl content increased. Electrophoresis analysis indicated that myosin heavy chain of UV2 was most attenuated. Storage test showed that UV2 maintained the highest gel strength during chilled‐storage and its total viable count was below 5 log10CFU•g−1 after 18 days. Therefore, UV irradiation might be applied to improve surimi gel properties and extend shelf life.
The panopticon, an emblematic concept in management and organization studies: Heaven or hell?
Authors: Leclercq‐Vandelannoitte Aurélie
Published: June 2022

The well‐known metaphor of ‘panopticon’, derived from Bentham's project and popularized by Foucault, has long informed scholarly conversations in management and organization studies (MOS). Herein, we question the power of this emblematic metaphor. Through an in‐depth literature review specifying itsform,principleandgoal, coupled to an investigation of Bentham's original writings, we identifytwo readingsof the panopticon. First, we disentangle the uses of this concept in MOS literature and highlight a rather uniform and negative interpretation of the panopticon as a mechanism of social control and surveillance (first reading). Beyond this dominant interpretation, we contend that the panopticon is a richer concept than MOS literature acknowledges. Going back to Bentham's initial project, entailing not only one but plural types of panopticons, we propose a more comprehensive conceptualization of the panopticon (second reading) as: (1) a rewarding functional dispositive based on freedom and autonomy (form); (2) relying on information sharing, transparency and visibility (principle); and (3) striving for harmony and efficiency as ultimate ends (goal). In doing so, we generate a new way of seeing the panopticon in MOS research. We also reveal an inherent tension between both readings, interpreted as dystopia and utopia, and show that their combination allows grasping the ambivalence ofpanopticism in practicein ways that can inform further research on liberal management. As a practice of freedom,panopticism in practicemight indeed turn into an instrument furthering control. To conclude, we highlight some analytical paths to help MOS scholars disentangle such ambivalence.
Learn to decompose multiobjective optimization models for large‐scale networks
Authors: Aslani Babak , Mohebbi Shima
Published: June 2022

Infrastructures can be modeled as large‐scale networks consisting of nodes and arcs, making network optimization a popular modeling option for arising problems. In specific, providing timely restoration plans for interdependent infrastructures facing disruptions has been a challenge for decision makers. In this study, we focus on geospatial (co‐location) and functional interdependencies to capture the impact of cascading failures on infrastructure systems. The dynamics of real networks are more complicated to be captured by one objective function. Therefore, we define three objective functions in three pillars of sustainability: (a) economic, (b) social, and (c) environmental. To solve the multiobjective optimization model, we develop a learn‐to‐decompose framework, consisting of a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition module and a Gaussian process regression (GPR) module to periodically learn from the obtained Pareto front and guide the search direction. We also included a heuristic module to address two significant challenges in restoring interdependent infrastructures: the island scenario and co‐location interdependencies. We applied the proposed framework to benchmark problems and interdependent water and transportation networks in the City of Tampa, FL. We carried out sensitivity analyses to monitor the performance of the GPR by different kernel functions. We also provided insights for decision makers by finding the trade‐off between fortification (proactive) and restoration (reactive) costs. The result demonstrates the proposed framework is feasible and applicable for large‐scale networks.
Touch‐free flash sintering with magnetic induction within a reactor activated by the usual flash method
Authors: Jalali Syed I. A. , Raj Rishi
Published: June 2022

We describe a new system for flash sintering where a reactor is built with walls made from dog‐bone specimens that are held in Stage III of flash under current control. The reactor is placed within a cylindrical space, like a tube, with axial access, for camera, pyrometer, and optical spectrometer. A free‐floating green sample (without electrodes) is placed within; it is physically separated from the walls of the reactor. In the present experiments, the reactor wall as well as the “touch free” workpiece were constituted from yttria‐stabilized zirconia. The workpiece is shown to flash, luminesce, and sinter (in a few seconds) when a modest magnetic field is superimposed over the reactor. The final density depends on the strength of the magnetic field, eventually rising to ∼98%. The grain size is highly uniform and nanoscale. Samples of different and arbitrary three‐dimensional shapes have been so sintered. We propose that the walls of the reactor, which are in a constant state of flash, may generate an evanescent plasma that becomes concentrated around the center line of the reactor by the applied magnetic field. The plasma field helps to transfer energy from the reactor walls into the green sample. When the magnetic induction is turned on, the conductive load of the reactor walls on the power supply increases proving the presence of an energy transfer mechanism. The question of impedance matching between the walls, the specimen, and the free space in between is outlined.
The influence of sodium deficiency and titanium doping concentration on conduction properties in NaTaO3−δ
Authors: Chen Ximu , Hatada Naoyuki , Toyoura Kazuaki , Uda Tetsuya
Published: June 2022

NaTaO3 shows significant proton conductivity and a high transport number of ionic conduction after being doped titanium (Ti). In this work, we aimed to determine the influence of sodium (Na) deficiency and Ti concentration in NaTaO3, for which NaTaO3 samples with various Na deficiencies and Ti concentrations were prepared and characterized. The investigation was performed on microstructure, conductivity, transport number of ionic conduction, etc. Na deficiency was confirmed to decrease the conductivity of 1% Ti‐doped NaTaO3, although it raises the conductivity of undoped NaTaO3. Summarizing the measured results of 1%–4% Ti‐doped NaTaO3, a higher Ti concentration was found to significantly increase the proton conductivity of NaTaO3. However, when Ti is more than ∼3%, the higher concentration of Ti leads to a decrease in conductivity. Overall, ∼2% Ti was confirmed to be most beneficial to proton conductivity. The influence of phase transformation on proton conductivity was also discussed. In conclusion, precise control of Na amount is of great importance for the conduction properties of NaTaO3 and ∼2% Ti is determined to be most beneficial to the conduction properties. In this case, through the adjustment of Ti concentration and control of Na deficiency, a bulk conductivity as high as 1.3 × 10–3 S/cm at 600°C and 7.8 × 10–5 S/cm at 300°C was realized with ∼2% Ti‐doped NaTaO3 in wet O2.
Nurses' experiences of supporting patients requesting voluntary assisted dying: A qualitative meta‐synthesis
Authors: Sandham Margaret , Carey Melissa , Hedgecock Emma , Jarden Rebecca
Published: June 2022

Aim

Describe the reported lived experiences of nurses who have participated at any stage of voluntary assisted dying (VAD), from the initial request to the end of life.

Design

A qualitative meta‐synthesis.

Data sources

Databases searched were CINAHL, MEDLINE, Emcare, Scopus and PsycInfo. The search was undertaken in September 2021 with no date limitations. Qualitative studies were considered if published in English, reported primary data analysis of nurses' experiences who had been involved in VAD and reported direct quotes from nurses.

Review methods

Qualitative studies meeting the selection criteria were critically appraised, then an open card‐sort method was applied. Quotes from nurses were organized to group similar experiences, constructing themes and metaphors across studies as a new understanding of nurses' experiences of VAD.

Results

Eight studies were included. Three major themes were constructed: An orderly procedure, reflecting the need for structure to feel adequately prepared; A beautiful death, reflecting the autonomy the patient exercised when choosing VAD facilitated an exceptionally positive death; and Psychological and emotional impact, where nurses recognized the emotional and ethical weight that they carried for themselves and the team when undertaking VAD.

Conclusion

Nurses may benefit from clear policy, supervision and communication training to support them as countries transition to providing VAD services. Policy provides nurses with confidence that they are undertaking the steps of VAD correctly and provides a layer of emotional protection. Communication training specific to VAD is necessary to prepare nurses to recognize their own emotional experiences when responding to the needs of the patient and their family.

Impact

VAD is increasingly becoming a legal option that nurses are encountering in their professional practice. Understanding nurses' experiences of being involved in VAD is required to support nurses in countries where VAD is becoming available to prepare professionally and psychologically.
Psychoeducational interventions to promote adolescents' mental health literacy in schools: Identifying theory for the development of a complex intervention
Authors: Morgado Tânia M. M. , Loureiro Luís M. J. , Rebelo Botelho Maria A. M.
Published: June 2022

Topic

The concept of mental health literacy (MHL) was defined as the knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders that help in their recognition, management, or prevention. The complexity of interventions to promote adolescents' MHL requires that they be investigated through a process of development, feasibility/piloting, evaluation, and implementation, according to Medical Research Council (MRC) Framework.

Purpose

This article aimed to identify the theory that supports the development of a psychoeducational intervention to promote adolescents' MHL in schools, possibly to be developed by mental health and psychiatric nurses.

Sources Used

Journal articles, books, reports, and regulations.

Conclusions

This theory allows us to design a psychoeducational intervention to promote adolescents' MHL in schools and supports the subsequent phases of the MRC Framework.
Impact of left atrial low‐voltage areas during initial ablation procedures on very late recurrence of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kanda Takashi , Masuda Masaharu , Asai Mitsutoshi , Iida Osamu , Okamoto Shin , Ishihara Takayuki , Nanto Kiyonori , Tsujimura Takuya , Matsuda Yasuhiro , Hata Yosuke , Uematsu Hiroyuki , Toyoshima Taku , Higashino Naoko , Mano Toshiaki
Published: June 2022

Background

Very late recurrence of atrial fibrillation (VLRAF) occurring >1 year after catheter ablation may influence long‐term follow‐up strategies, including oral anticoagulant therapy. However, little is known about the predictors of this condition. Given that the prevalence of left atrial low‐voltage areas (LVAs) is strongly associated with the recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias following catheter ablation, we hypothesized that VLRAF might occur more frequently in patients with LVAs at the time of initial ablation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of LVAs on VLRAF.

Methods

This study included 1001 consecutive patients undergoing initial ablation procedures for AF. LVAs were defined as regions with bipolar peak‐to‐peak voltages of <0.50 mV on the voltage map obtained during sinus rhythm after pulmonary vein isolation. During a 1‐year follow‐up period, 248 patients had a late recurrence of AF (LRAF), defined as recurrence within 3–12 months after ablation. The occurrence of VLRAF was examined in 711 patients without LRAF who were followed for more than 1 year.

Results

A total of 711 patients who did not develop AF recurrence within 1 year and for whom clinical data were available after 1 year were analyzed. During a median follow‐up of 25 (19, 37) months, VLRAF more than 1 year after the initial ablation was detected in 123 patients. On multivariate analysis, independent predictors of VLRAF were the existence of LVAs, female, left atrial diameter and early recurrence of AF. A Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the AF‐free survival rate was significantly lower in patients with LVAs than in those without LVAs within 1 year and on more than 1‐year follow‐up (p < .001). An additional Kaplan–Meier analysis of the incidence of VLRAF in propensity score‐matched patients with and without LVAs showed that VLRAF occurred significantly more frequently in patients with LVAs (p = .003).

Conclusions

LVAs during the initial AF ablation procedures have an impact on VLRAF occurrence.
Assessing cardiac mechanical dyssynchrony in left bundle branch area pacing and right ventricular septal pacing using myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in the acute phase of pacemaker implantation
Authors: Miyajima Keisuke , Urushida Tsuyoshi , Tamura Takumi , Masuda Sakito , Okazaki Ayako , Takashima Yasuyo , Watanabe Tomoyuki , Kawaguchi Yoshitaka , Wakabayashi Yasushi , Maekawa Yuichiro
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has recently been reported to be a new, clinically feasible and safe physiological pacing strategy. The present study aims to investigate the usefulness of LBBAP in reducing mechanical dyssynchrony compared with right ventricular septal pacing (RVSP).

Methods and Results

A total of 39 LBBAP patients, 42 RVSP patients, and 93 healthy control participants were retrospectively evaluated. We compared phase analysis‐ (bandwidth, phase standard deviation [PSD], entropy) and regional wall motion analysis parameters. Wall motion analysis parameters included the time to the end‐systolic frame (TES) assessed using single‐photon emission computed tomography analysis. The maximum differences between segmental TES (MDTES), the standard deviation of TES (SDTES), and the TES difference between the lateral and septal segments (DTES‐LS) were obtained. All phase analysis parameters were significantly smaller in the LBBAP group than in the RVSP group (bandwidth: LBBAP, 74 ± 31° vs. RVSP, 102 ± 59°, p = .009; PSD: LBBAP, 19 ± 6.7° vs. RVSP, 26 ± 15°, p = .007; entropy: LBBAP, 0.57 ± 0.07 vs. RVSP, 0.62 ± 0.11 p = .009). The regional wall motion analysis parameters were also smaller in the LBBAP group than in the RVSP group (MDTES:LBBAP, 17 ± 7.1% vs. RVSP, 25 ± 14%, p = .004; SDTES:LBBAP, 4.5 ± 1.7% vs. RVSP, 6.0 ± 3.5%, p = .015; DTES‐LS: LBBAP, 4.1 ± 3.4% vs. RVSP, 7.1 ± 5.4%, p = .004). All phase analysis and wall motion analysis parameters were same in the LBBAP and control groups.

Conclusion

LBBAP may reduce mechanical dyssynchrony and achieve greater physiological ventricular activation than RVSP.
Temporal and spatial pacemap parameters for identification of cardiac surfaces with critical sites for ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Ueda Akiko , Katsume Yumi , Miwa Yosuke , Mohri Takato , Tashiro Mika , Nonoguchi Noriko , Hoshida Kyoko , Togashi Ikuko , Sato Toshiaki , Soejima Kyoko ,   other members of the Multi‐surface PM study Group
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Multisurface pacemapping may help identify the surface of interest in scar‐related ventricular tachycardia (VT). This study aimed to investigate the performance of pacemap parameters for detecting critical sites through multisurface mapping.

Methods and Results

In 26 patients who underwent scar‐related VT ablation, pacemap parameters including a matching score, the difference between the longest and shortest stimulus‐QRS intervals (Δs‐QRS), and the distance between the good pacemap sites were measured. The parameters were compared between surfaces with and without critical sites and ablation outcomes. A total of 941 pacemap at 56 surfaces targeting 35 VTs were analyzed. A greater Δs‐QRS (40 vs. 8 ms, p < .001) and longer distance between two good pacemap sites (24 vs. 13 mm, p < .001) were observed on the surfaces with critical sites. A similar trend was seen in multisurface pacemapping for the same VTs (52 vs. 18 ms in Δs‐QRS, p = .021; 37 vs. 12 mm in distance, p = .019), although the best pacemap scores were comparable (94 vs. 87, p = .295). The Δs‐QRS > 20 ms and the distance >19 mm showed high positive likelihood ratios (19.8 and 6.1, respectively) for discriminating the surface harboring the critical site. Ablation of VTs fulfilling these parameters was successful on the surfaces, but without the required multisurface ablation.

Conclusion

Temporal (Δs‐QRS) and spatial (distance) parameters for good pacemap match sites were excellent markers for detecting the surface harboring critical sites in scar‐related VT. A multisurface pacemapping can successfully identify the surface of interest.
Association between serum manganese levels and diabetes in Chinese adults with hypertension
Authors: Chen Hong , Cui Zhixin , Lu Wenhai , Wang Ping , Wang Jia , Zhou Ziyi , Zhang Nan , Wang Zhuo , Lin Tengfei , Song Yun , Liu Lishun , Huang Xiao , Chen Ping , Tang Genfu , Duan Yong , Wang Binyan , Zhang Hao , Xu Xiping , Yang Yan , Qin Xianhui , Song Fenglin
Published: June 2022

Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace metal element that is associated with diabetes; however, the results of previous studies are inconsistent. Furthermore, few studies have been conducted in a hypertensive population. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between manganese and diabetes in a population with hypertension. A cross‐sectional study was conducted, including 2575 hypertensive individuals from 14 provinces in China. Serum manganese concentrations were measured by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) method. And logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between serum manganese and the risk of diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes was 27.0% in this hypertensive population. In logistic regression models, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for diabetes in tertile subgroups were 1.40 (1.12, 1.76) and 1.32 (1.05, 1.65) for tertiles 1 and tertiles 3, respectively, compared to tertile 2 (reference). Additionally, an interaction between sex and manganese was observed. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for diabetes were 1.29 (0.95, 1.75) and 0.96 (0.70, 1.31) for tertiles 1 and tertiles 3 among males, and 1.44 (1.01, 2.04) and 1.81 (1.29, 2.55) for tertiles 1 and tertiles 3 among females, respectively, compared to tertile 2. In conclusion, a U‐shaped association between serum manganese and diabetes was observed in a Chinese population with hypertension, and the association was modified by sex.
Associations of blood pressure components with risks of cardiovascular events and all‐cause death in a Chinese population: A Prospective Study
Authors: Zhang Zhongying , Gu Xiang , Tang Zhe , Guan Shaochen , Liu Hongjun , Wu Xiaoguang , Zhao Yan , Fang Xianghua
Published: June 2022

The associations of blood pressure components with cardiovascular risks and death remain unclear, and the definition of wide pulse pressure (PP) is still controversial. Using data from 1257 participants without a history of cardiovascular disease, who were followed for 4.84 years, we performed multivariable Cox regression analyses to assess how systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and PP contribute to risks of cardiovascular events and all‐cause death. Among all participants, SBP and PP were significantly associated with the risks of cardiovascular events and all‐cause death (all p < .05). DBP was not significantly associated with the risk of all‐cause death; rather, it was only associated with a marginally significant 1% increased risk for cardiovascular events (p = 0.051). In participants aged < 65 years, DBP was significantly associated with a 3% increased risk for cardiovascular events (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.03, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.01–1.06). The association between PP and cardiovascular events appeared to be J‐shaped in comparison to participants with the lowest‐risk PP (50–60 mmHg), with adjusted HRs of 1.71 (95% CI: 1.03–2.85), 1.63 (95% CI: 1.00–2.68), and 2.13 (95% CI: 1.32–3.43) in the <50, 60.0–72.5, and ≥72.5 mmHg subgroups, respectively. The optimal cutoff points of a wide PP for predicting the risks of cardiovascular events and all‐cause death were 70.25 and 76.25 mmHg, respectively. SBP and PP had a greater effect on cardiovascular risk, whereas DBP independently influenced cardiovascular events in middle‐aged participants. Considerable PP alterations should be avoided in antihypertensive treatment.
Time in range assessed by capillary blood glucose in relation to insulin sensitivity and β‐cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross‐sectional study in China
Authors: Ye Jingwen , Deng Jiajin , Liang Weiqiang , Luo Haizhao , Mei Wen , Liu Lei , Wang Mingzhu , Shu Yi
Published: June 2022

Aims

This study investigated the association of capillary blood glucose (CBG)‐assessed time in range (TIR) (3.9–10.0 mmol/L) with insulin sensitivity and islet β‐cell function.

Materials and Methods

We recruited 455 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Seven‐point glucose‐profile data (pre‐ and 120 min post‐main meals, bedtime) were collected over three consecutive days. Plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations were measured at 0, 60, and 120 min after a 100 g standard steamed bread meal test. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) and Matsuda index were computed to evaluate insulin resistance. The HOMA of β‐cell function (HOMA‐β) and the area under the curve between insulin and blood glucose (IAUC0−120/GAUC0−120) were used to estimate β‐cell function.

Results

TIR was positively correlated with the 60 and 120 min insulin values, IAUC0−120, the Matsuda index, HOMA‐β, and IAUC0−120/GAUC0−120 (rs: 0.154, 0.129, 0.137, 0.194, 0.341, and 0.334, respectively; P < 0.05) but inversely correlated with HOMA‐IR (rs: –0.239, P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, multinomial multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratios (ORs) of achieving the target time in range (>70%) increased by 12% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3–21%), 7% (95% CI: 1–14%), 10% (95% CI: 5–16%), and 45% (95% CI: 25–68%) for each 10 mIU/L increase in the 60 and 120 min insulin values, 10 unit increase in HOMA‐β, and unit increase in IAUC0−120/GAUC0−120, respectively (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, the OR decreased by 10% (95% CI: 1–18%) for each unit increase in HOMA‐IR (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Insulin resistance and islet β‐cell function are related to capillary blood glucose‐assessed TIR.
Formulation of a new broad‐spectrum UVB + UVA and blue light SPF50+ sunscreen containing Phenylene Bis‐Diphenyltriazine (TriAsorB), an innovative sun filter with unique optical properties
Authors: Bacqueville D. , Jacques‐Jamin C. , Lapalud P. , Douki T. , Roullet N. , Sereno J. , Redoulès D. , Bessou‐Touya S. , Duplan H.
Published: June 2022

Accumulating evidence from numerous comprehensive studies has demonstrated that blue light, in particular high‐energy visible light, can exert a range of harmful effects on skin cells. These forms of radiation are now known to be able to trigger oxidation reactions, DNA damage, erythema and pigmentary changes, and may also be associated with photoaging. Sunscreens protecting the skin from only ultraviolet (UV)‐B and UVA rays can therefore no longer be regarded as sufficient to help prevent skin damage from sunlight, and products containing filters that can provide broad‐spectrum photoprotection are required. To meet this need, a new sunscreen formulation that provides photoprotection against solar radiation with wavelengths ranging from UV to visible light has been developed, using an innovative organic sun filter with unique optical properties: phenylene bis diphenyltriazine (TriAsorB™). This article outlines the development and characteristics of this innovative filter and describes new key results from studies performed to assess the effectiveness and safety of the filter and the new sunscreen product. The studies conducted so far demonstrate that the filter has a good human and environmental safety profile. In addition, the sunscreen, which contains TriAsorB in combination with three other UV filters to offer broad‐spectrum sun protection with a high sun protection factor (SPF50+), appears to effectively prevent multiple forms of cellular photodamage, in particular blue light‐induced oxidatively generated DNA lesions. Overall, the available data indicate that regular use of the TriAsorB‐containing sunscreen could help prevent solar radiation‐induced skin damage and the development of signs of premature skin aging, as well as photodermatoses caused or exacerbated by visible light.
New insights from non‐invasive imaging: from prospection of skin photodamages to training with mobile application
Authors: Pellacani G. , Argenziano G.
Published: June 2022

The incidence of non‐melanoma skin cancer is on the rise and melanoma is among the most common cancers in the United States. Establishing an early diagnosis is essential for improving the prognosis of patients with skin cancer. High‐resolution non‐invasive imaging techniques may represent key tools for helping to identify and monitor early signs of skin cancer in seemingly healthy skin. Cumulative lifetime sun exposure leads to photoaging and photocarcinogenenis and the reaction of the skin to this solar‐induced damage is balanced between the DNA repair and photoprotection defence mechanisms of melanocytes and keratinocytes. In the first part of this article we provide an overview of these defence mechanisms and of the photoaging process, and discuss how non‐invasive imaging can be used to evaluate these changes. We then propose a model in which skin aging manifestations can be classified according to subject‐specific sun‐damage reaction profiles observed by reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). These photoaging profiles include an atrophic phenotype characterized by actinic keratosis, and a hypertrophic phenotype characterized by hyperplastic pigmented skin. According to our model, these phenotypes may be predictive of predispositions to different types of skin cancer: squamous cell carcinoma for the atrophic phenotype and lentigo maligna and freckles for the hypertrophic phenotype. In addition to RCM and OCT, dermoscopy is another non‐invasive technique that has improved the diagnosis of skin cancer. In the second part of this article, we describe how the YouDermoscopy™ application can improve skills and thus enhance the dermoscopic recognition of sun‐induced skin tumours, and then show how this training tool enables its users to collaborate with dermatologists worldwide to obtain second opinions for the diagnosis of ambiguous lesions. Altogether, RCM, OCT and dermoscopy are valuable tools that can contribute significantly to improving the early diagnosis of precancerous and cancerous lesions.
Children with psoriasis and COVID‐19: factors associated with an unfavourable COVID‐19 course, and the impact of infection on disease progression (Chi‐PsoCov registry)
Authors: Zitouni J. , Bursztejn A.‐C. , Belloni Fortina A. , Beauchet A. , Di Lernia V. , Lesiak A. , Thomas J. , Topkarci Z. , Murashkin N. , Brzezinski P. , Torres T. , Chiriac A. , Luca C. , McPherson T. , Akinde M. , Maruani A. , Epishev R. , Vidaurri de la Cruz H. , Luna P.C. , Amy de la Bretêque M. , Lasek A. , Bourrat E. , Bachelerie M. , Mallet S. , Steff M. , Bellissen A. , Neri I. , Zafiriou E. , van den Reek J.M.P.A. , Sonkoly E. , Mahil S.K. , Smith C.H. , Flohr C. , Bachelez H. , Mahé E. ,   the Groupe de Recherche sur le Psoriasis (GrPso) of the Société Française de Dermatologie, the Groupe de recherche de la Société Française de Dermatologie Pédiatrique (GR SFDP), the PsoProtect study group, the British Society of Paediatric Dermatology (BPSD), and the Società Italiana di Dermatologia Pediatrica (S.I.Der.P.)
Published: June 2022

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic has raised questions regarding the management of chronic skin diseases, especially in patients on systemic treatments. Data concerning the use of biologics in adults with psoriasis are reassuring, but data specific to children are missing. Moreover, COVID‐19 could impact the course of psoriasis in children.

Objectives

The aim of this study was therefore to assess the impact of COVID‐19 on the psoriasis of children, and the severity of the infection in relation to systemic treatments.

Methods

We set up an international registry of paediatric psoriasis patients. Children were included if they were under 18 years of age, had a history of psoriasis, or developed it within 1 month of COVID‐19 and had COVID‐19 with or without symptoms.

Results

One hundred and twenty episodes of COVID‐19 in 117 children (mean age: 12.4 years) were reported. The main clinical form of psoriasis was plaque type (69.4%). Most children were without systemic treatment (54.2%); 33 (28.3%) were on biologic therapies, and 24 (20%) on non‐biologic systemic drugs. COVID‐19 was confirmed in 106 children (88.3%) and 3 children had two COVID‐19 infections each. COVID‐19 was symptomatic for 75 children (62.5%) with a mean duration of 6.5 days, significantly longer for children on non‐biologic systemic treatments (P = 0.02) and without systemic treatment (P = 0.006) when compared with children on biologics. The six children who required hospitalization were more frequently under non‐biologic systemic treatment when compared with the other children (P = 0.01), and particularly under methotrexate (P = 0.03). After COVID‐19, the psoriasis worsened in 17 cases (15.2%). Nine children (8%) developed a psoriasis in the month following COVID‐19, mainly a guttate form (P = 0.01).

Discussion

Biologics appear to be safe with no increased risk of severe form of COVID‐19 in children with psoriasis. COVID‐19 was responsible for the development of psoriasis or the worsening of a known psoriasis for some children.
Inflammation and thrombo‐occlusive vessel signalling in benign atrophic papulosis (Köhlmeier–Degos disease)
Authors: Zouboulis C.C. , Theodoridis A. , Makrantonaki E.
Published: June 2022

Background

Although the merely cutaneous, benign form of the extremely rare disease atrophic papulosis (Köhlmeier–Degos disease) may occasionally develop into the systemic, malignant form with time, it is unclear whether it exhibits any systemic characteristics.

Objective

To determine whether benign atrophic papulosis exhibits inflammatory and thrombo‐occlusive signals and to classify it according to the Chapel‐Hill classification of vasculitis.

Methods

In a monocentric, controlled study, levels of cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IFNγ, MCP‐1, VEGF, TNFα, TGF‐β1), antiphospholipid antibodies (cardiolipin IgG/A/M, cardiolipin IgG, cardiolipin IgM, β2‐glycoprotein IgG/A/M, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and sphingomyelin A), antibodies against proteinase‐3 IgG and myeloperoxidase IgG, antinuclear antibodies and extractable nuclear antigen were assessed in blood samples of six benign atrophic papulosis patients and six age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls.

Results

IL‐8 was only detectable in patients' serum. VEGF was reduced and cardiolipin IgG/A/M and β2‐glycoprotein antibodies were increased in the patients' group. ANA were only detected in three patients, and ENA were negative throughout. No differences were detected between the other investigated markers.

Conclusions

This is the first study evaluating systemic inflammatory and thrombo‐occlusive vessel signalling in benign atrophic papulosis and provides evidence of a non‐antineutrophil cytoplasmatic antibodies immune‐complex small vessel vasculitis according to the Chapel‐Hill classification. These findings corroborate its systemic character despite the apparent missing involvement of systemic organs.
Balancing clinical needs and probation requirements within CSEC specialty courts
Authors: Gale‐Bentz Elizabeth , Iturri Florencia , Wheeler Tracey , Nelke Connie F.
Published: June 2022

As juvenile justice systems across the country explore ways to best serve youth who have been commercially sexually exploited, challenges may arise between youths' clinically indicated needs and the probation‐driven requirements of CSEC specialty court involvement. This article explores some of the clinical‐probation dualities CSEC specialty courts may encounter, conceptualized as tensions related to issues of confidentiality, responses to behaviors that jeopardize youths' safety, and the timing of healing. Future directions for consideration to better meet the needs of youth involved in the justice system who have experienced sexual exploitation are also discussed.
Progression of infection and detection of Pseudoloma neurophilia in zebrafish Danio rerio Hamilton by PCR and histology
Authors: Schuster Corbin J. , Kreul Taylor G. , Al‐Samarrie Colleen E. , Peterson James T. , Sanders Justin L. , Kent Michael L.
Published: June 2022

Pseudoloma neurophilia is a critical threat to the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model, as it is the most common infectious agent found in research facilities. In this study, our objectives were two‐fold: (1) compare the application of diagnostic tools for P. neurophilia and (2) track the progression of infection using PCR and histology. The first experiment showed that whole‐body analysis by qPCR (WB‐qPCR) can be a standardized process, providing a streamlined diagnostic protocol, without the need for extraction of specific tissues. Evaluating the course of infection in experimentally infected fish, we showed key dynamics in infection. Starting with a low dose exposure of 8000 spores/fish, the prevalence remained low until 92 days post‐exposure (dpe), followed by a 30%–40% prevalence by histology or 40%–90% by PCR until the end of the experiment at 334 dpe. WB‐qPCR positively detected infection in more fish than histology throughout the study, as WB‐qPCR detected the parasite as early as 4 dpe, whereas it was undetected by histology until 92 dpe. We also added a second slide for histologic analyses, showing an increase in detection rate from 24% to 26% when we combined all data from our experiments, but this increase was not statistically significant.
Epidemic Exposure, Financial Technology, and the Digital Divide
Authors: SAKA ORKUN , EICHENGREEN BARRY , AKSOY CEVAT GIRAY
Published: June 2022

We ask whether epidemic exposure leads to a shift in financial technology usage and who participates in this shift. We exploit a data set combining Gallup World Polls and Global Findex surveys for some 250,000 individuals in 140 countries, merging them with information on the incidence of epidemics and local 3G Internet infrastructure. Epidemic exposure is associated with an increase in remote‐access (online/mobile) banking and substitution from bank branch based to ATM activity. The temporary nature of the effects we identify is more consistent with a demand channel rather than that of supply with high initial fixed costs. Exploring heterogeneity using a machine learning–driven approach, we find that young, high‐income earners in full‐time employment have the greatest tendency to shift to online/mobile transactions in response to epidemics. Baseline effects are larger for individuals with better ex ante 3G signal coverage, highlighting the role of the digital divide in adaption to new technologies necessitated by adverse external shocks.
From expected to actual barriers and facilitators when implementing a new screening tool: A qualitative study applying the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Petersen Helle Vendel , Sivertsen Ditte Maria , Jørgensen Lillian Mørch , Petersen Janne , Kirk Jeanette Wassar
Published: June 2022

Aim and objectives

To identify determinants for using a new screening tool to identify older patients eligible for targeted nurse‐led intervention, as perceived by healthcare professionals implementing the tool, and to examine how these perceptions changed over time.

Design

A cross‐sectoral longitudinal qualitative study based on semi‐structured interviews with healthcare professionals in a Danish hospital and two collaborating municipalities.

Methods

In three focus groups, seven single interviews and a workshop, we examined the healthcare professionals' perceptions of and attitudes towards the new screening tool before, during and after the implementation. The Theoretical Domains Framework was used to identify the healthcare professionals' perception of barriers and facilitators, followed by content analysis. The results were further discussed using the COM‐B system as an analytic framework. This qualitative study is reported according to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ) checklist.

Results

‘Professional role’, ‘Goals’ and ‘Environmental context’ were the domains most talked about by the healthcare professionals across the three time points. The content analysis identified four determinants for using the new screening tool:Making time for the project, External motivation and management, Expectations and reality, and Professional identity. The healthcare professionals' perception of the determinants changed during the implementation, influencing their behaviour and, consequently, the implementation's sustainability.

Conclusion

Perception of barriers and facilitators to the interventions were time‐ and context‐sensitive. Beliefs and motivational factors changed during the project, which points out the importance of following implementation processes systematically to understand the outcome of an intervention.

Relevance for clinical practice

Perceptions and attitudes towards a new initiative may change over time, emphasising the importance of following barriers and facilitators during the implementation of an intervention and working with an implementation plan that can be adapted along the way.
Violence by clients and patients against social and healthcare staff – An integrative review of staff's well‐being at work, implementation of work and leaders' activities
Authors: Tuominen Jutta , Tölli Sirpa , Häggman‐Laitila Arja
Published: June 2022

Aim

The aim of this study was to compile, assess and synthesise empirical research on violence by social and healthcare clients or patients against staff and its connections to staff's well‐being at work, implementation of work and activities of leaders related to it.

Background

Workplace violence against social and healthcare staff is a global and daily problem. One in three employees encounters violence from patients or clients and the risk of this is 16 times higher compared to other professions. None of the recent reviews on this topic were focused on the well‐being at work, implementation of work or leaders' role in the cases of violence of clients or patients against the staff.

Design

An integrative review reported according to PRISMA Checklist.

Methods

The search was conducted to CINAHL, PubMed, PsychINFO and Scopus databases resulting in 21 articles. The quality of the articles was evaluated, and the data were analysed narratively.

Results

The workplace violence committed by clients and patients was negatively connected to staff's psychological, emotional and physical well‐being at work and to their work performance and commitment. The leaders found this form of workplace violence challenging and ethically conflicted and felt that they were left alone without training and support. The employees expressed disappointment with their leaders' activities and suggested many measures to make environment safer to staff and patients.

Conclusions

In future, intervention studies are needed for prevention of workplace violence by patients and clients against staff and for supporting the well‐being at work of staff in relation to violent incidents.

Relevance to clinical practice

Workplaces should introduce uniform protocols for reporting, preventing and processing workplace violence committed by clients and patients. An open dialogue with leaders and co‐workers of the cases is of high importance. Leaders and staff need training that ensure patient and work safety.
Food neophobia: Higher responsiveness to sensory properties but low engagement with foods generally
Authors: Prescott John , Chheang Sok L. , Jaeger Sara R.
Published: June 2022

Food neophobia (FN), typically defined in terms of rejection of unfamiliar foods but also associated with higher negative arousal in relation to food, has been established as an important personality variable in explaining food preferences and choices. Past research has examined responses to foods as a function of FN but not considered if there are specific sensory qualities of foods that are more important in food rejections. We propose that the concept of sensory sensitivity may help explain the origin of increased arousal in high FN adults, and conducted an online survey in Singapore with 1896 participants as a first step towards investigating this hypothesis. FN was measured using the FN scale (Pliner & Hobden, 1992), and additionally participants: (a) rated their agreement with a series of statements that reflected their attitudes towards food sensory qualities, and (b) completed The Foodie Index (Pickering & Pickering, 2022) to obtain measures of food involvement and enjoyment. The results reinforced earlier findings that FN is related to an overall lower level of enjoyment of foods, and further revealed that: (a) evaluation of food sensory qualities prior to, or during, eating or sensory reasons for rejecting a food were positively related to FN, and (b) increasing disengagement with foods in terms of knowledge, interest, time and money spent on food as FN increases. Collectively, the results underscore the centrality of FN in understanding consumers' food‐related experiences and behaviors by showing that FN is related to both sensitivity about specific sensory properties and low engagement with foods generally.

Practical Applications

Food and sensory profiling by consumers has been increasing in recent years. The present data will assist in interpretation of consumer studies in which FN and/or food interest/engagement has been measured, since both are found to be a strong source of variation in consumer data. In particular, both product engagement and level of FN have been shown elsewhere to impact how consumers allocate their attention to sensory tasks. This suggests that sources of variation in consumer responses, whether due to general or sensory‐specific responses to foods, are crucial in interpreting sensory profiling or preference data.