bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Racial platform capitalism: Empire, migration and the making of Uber in London
Authors: Gebrial Dalia
Published: August 2022

The critical platform studies literature has built a compelling picture of how techniques like worker (mis)classification, algorithmic management and workforce atomisation lie at the heart of how ‘work on-demand via apps’ actively restructure labour. Much of this emerging scholarship identifies that platform workforces are predominantly comprised of migrant and racially minoritised workers. However, few studies theorise migration and race as structuring logics of the platform model and the precarity it engenders. This paper addresses this gap by exploring how the platform economy – specifically work on-demand via apps – both shapes and is shaped by historically contingent contexts of racialisation, and their constitutive processes such as embodiment and immigration policy/rhetoric. Beyond identifying the over-representation of racial minorities in the platform economy, it argues that processes of racialisation have been crucial at every stage of the platform economy's rise to dominance, and therefore constitutes a key organising principle of platform capitalism – hence the term ‘racial platform capitalism’. In doing so, this paper draws on the racial capitalism literature, to situate key platform techniques such as worker (mis)classification and algorithmic management as forms of racial practice, deployed to (re-)organise surplus urban labour-power following the 2008 financial crisis. This framework will be explored through an ethnographic study of Uber's rise in London. Through this, the paper demonstrates a co-constitutive relationship, where the conditions of minoritised workers in a global city like London post-2008, and the political economy of platform companies can be said to have co-produced one another.
Multiple binds and forbidden pleasures: Writing as poaching at French universities
Authors: Le Goix Renaud , Houssay-Holzschuch Myriam , Noûs Camille
Published: August 2022

Our contribution aims at providing a return on experience by describing and theorizing the tactics we developed to poach time, space, and resources in order to write. A series of neoliberal measures in French higher education during the last 20 years shape the context, and have consequences for the political and material economies of scholarly writing. We use de Certeau's concept of poaching, because the strategies that our institutions deploy exert immense pressure on our ordinary scholarly life. Consequently, writing economies have to resort to poaching tactics. We present some of the devices and fixes we have developed in this regard in terms of our teaching, supervision, and research activities.
Safety Effectiveness of Autonomous Vehicles and Connected Autonomous Vehicles in Reducing Pedestrian Crashes
Authors: Susilawati Susilawati , Wong Wei Jie , Pang Zhao Jian
Published: August 2022

This research aims to study the safety effectiveness of autonomous vehicles (AVs) and connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) in reducing pedestrian crashes in various scenarios. The proposed methodology involves (1) identifying factors that contribute to pedestrian crashes, (2) developing crash-frequency models to predict the pedestrian crash and identifying the model that performs the best, (3) identifying the AV and CAV technologies that can minimize and remove those identified factors, and (4) assessing the effectiveness of AV and CAV technologies in reducing pedestrian crashes for various road classifications. Using crash data obtained from San Francisco Transportation Injury Mapping System (TIMS) for 2016 to 2020, a two-level Bayesian Poisson lognormal (TLBPL) model is developed to assess the effectiveness of AVs and CAVs in reducing pedestrian crashes. The outcomes of the TLBPL model suggest that weather, lighting, and road classifications tend to influence more vehicle–pedestrian crashes in all road classifications. The results of TLBPL indicate that driver faults related to prediction ability contribute more to pedestrian crashes for all road classifications, while driver fault related to sensing (perception) on urban arterials is the factor contributing most to pedestrian crashes. This paper provides a framework for researchers and engineers to evaluate AVs’ and CAVs’ safety effectiveness by considering crash contributing factors and road classifications.
Buffering an Objectifying Culture: Interpersonal Sexual Objectification, Self-Objectification, and Attachment Anxiety
Authors: Jiao Jian , Terán Larissa , Aubrey Jennifer Stevens
Published: August 2022

In this article, we report two studies that examined the dynamics between interpersonal sexual objectification, self-objectification, and individuals’ attachment in romantic relationships. Study 1 was based on data from 392 college students ( Mage = 21.42 years, 66.8% women). Results showed positive associations between interpersonal sexual objectification, self-objectification, attachment anxiety, and attachment avoidance among women. For men, significant and positive associations were only observed between interpersonal sexual objectification and self-objectification and between self-objectification and attachment anxiety. Study 2 was a 6-month longitudinal study where we recruited participants through CloudResearch ( n = 638, Mage = 24.26 years, 55.8% women at Time 1; n = 283, Mage = 24.43 years, 56.9% women at Time 2; return rate = 44.36%). Results from longitudinal analyses showed that women reported stronger stability in self-objectification than men, and for both women and men, their attachment anxiety predicted increased self-objectification. Additionally, in both studies, women reported higher levels of interpersonal sexual objectification, self-objectification, and attachment anxiety than men. Overall, the findings suggest that high-quality relationships may help buffer the negative effects engendered by an objectifying culture. Based on our results, we recommend that clinicians and parents work to foster secure and healthy relationships as a means of reducing the extensive negative repercussions of objectification.
Polycentricity of daily urban systems: A misconceived concept and buzzword in ‘metropolitan’ planning practice
Authors: Malý Jiří , Krejčí Tomáš
Published: August 2022

Spatial planning practice is increasingly facing the challenge of managing the complexity of daily urban systems. As a normatively defined spatial imaginary, the concept of polycentricity has become widely used in planning practice in order to mitigate territorial disparities and to enhance urban competitiveness. Although polycentricity has been thoroughly studied as an analytical concept for understanding the dynamics of urban networks, the operationalization of the concept in planning practice has not yet been subjected to critical evaluation, despite recent metropolitan planning practices signalling a misunderstanding of the basic principles of polycentricity. Based on a case study of Czech metropolitan areas, this article addresses the question: Are there any shortcomings related to the operationalization of a normatively defined polycentric vision of spatial development at the level of metropolitan planning agendas? Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, the study compares different spatial settings of metropolitan areas with spatial visions defined by planning and policy documents. The findings point to several limitations related to a missing link between spatial reality and planning agendas, the weak operationalization of polycentricity, and scale-related miscomprehension. In order to translate the polycentric narrative into planning practice more efficiently, we will argue for a strengthening and formalization of metropolitan planning agendas and a more intensive interconnection of theoretical knowledge with territorial management.
Himpathy, Herasure, and Down Girl Moves: A Critical Content Analysis of Sexual Assault in Young Adult Literature
Authors: Miller Henry “Cody” , Boehm Shelby , Colantonio-Yurko Kathleen , Adams Brittany
Published: August 2022

Numerous scholars have called for young adult literature (YAL) to be a pedagogical avenue for educating secondary and postsecondary students about sexual violence, who are often socialized into harmful beliefs about victims. In this study, we draw on Manne's theorizing of “himpathy” and “herasure” to explore the ways in which YAL considers the ideological and systemic dimensions of misogyny leading up, during, and after incidents of sexual assault. The results of our critical content analysis of eight contemporary novels reveal several themes that offer insight and implications for English educators who want to use YAL to unpack misconceptions about sexual violence.
“Action on the Game”: Sports Gambling as Fan Identity and Transactional Participation
Authors: Tussey Ethan
Published: August 2022

This article describes Fox Sports’ depiction of sports gambling following the Supreme Court decision legalizing this activity at the federal level. The gambling personas offered by Fox Sports programming are particularly worthy of analysis, given efforts by media networks and sports leagues to rehabilitate the image of the gambler. Applying a critical discourse analysis of industry trade press, mobile app design, and sports gambling television programming, this article demonstrates how the persona of the “benign degenerate” is offered as a masculine fan identity designed to align gambling with more common social tv practices and interactive “transactional participation.” The introduction of this new sports gambling persona challenges previous depictions of sports gambling that have categorized this behavior as a form of financialized citizenship.
Does transforming subjective measures of load better represent training and match-play intensity in youth soccer players?
Authors: Maughan Patrick C , MacFarlane Niall G , Towlson Chris , Barrett Steve , Swinton Paul A
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structure of relationships between measures of training load and assess whether these can be modified through non-linear transformations. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and seven external load measures (total distance covered, PlayerLoad, low-intensity running distance, high-speed running distance, sprinting distance, accelerations, and decelerations) were collected from 20 academy soccer players (age = 17.4 ± 1.3 years, stature = 178.0 ± 8.1 cm, body-mass = 71.8 ± 7.2 kg), with 3220 recordings taken across a 47-week season. To control for the effects of session duration, sessions were categorised as short (≤60 min) or long (>60 min). All RPE and sessional RPE-training load (sRPE-TL; RPE multiplied by session duration) were analysed in their raw form and through raising to a series of exponentials. The underlying structure of the data was investigated using principal component analysis. Two components were retained for each analysis and varimax rotation was performed. The first rotated component (RC) was best represented as a measure of volume (RCvolume) with high loadings for RPE and sRPE-TL, whilst the second RC was best represented as a measure of intensity (RCintensity). Non-linear transformations had little effect on loading of modified measures for long sessions for sRPE-TL (RCvolume: 0.87–0.8; RCintensity: 0.27–0.13), and for RPE (RCvolume: 0.76–0.79; RCintensity: 0.17–0.10). For short sessions, the loading became more equal between intensity and volume for sRPE-TL (RCvolume: 0.88–0.41; RCintensity: 0.32–0.36) and more aligned to intensity (RCintensity: 0.52–0.61) compared with volume (RCvolume: 0.44–0.23) for RPE. The present study demonstrates that RPE and sRPE-TL predominantly reflect measures of training volume, however, they can be modified to better reflect intensity for training sessions <60 min in duration.
The dependence of baseball lift and drag on spin
Authors: Lyu Bin , Smith Lloyd , Elliott Jack , Kensrud Jeff
Published: August 2022

This study measured the drag and lift of baseballs in free flight as a function of back spin for two spin axes. While others have measured baseball lift and drag, the mechanisms for their dependence on spin have not been explained. For increasing spin, drag was observed to initially decrease then increase at higher spin. The inflection point appears to occur when the flow on the bottom ball surface becomes fully turbulent. At low spin the lift of the four-seam spin axis was nearly constant and three times larger than the two-seam spin axis. The lower lift of the two-seam spin axis was shown to be due to a periodic reverse Magnus effect observed at low spin rates. At higher spin the lift of both spin axes increased at similar rates with spin. As observed with drag, the lift transition point appears to be associated with the bottom of the ball becoming fully turbulent.
Protesting the Protest Paradigm: TikTok as a Space for Media Criticism
Authors: Literat Ioana , Boxman-Shabtai Lillian , Kligler-Vilenchik Neta
Published: August 2022

Though news representations of protest have been studied extensively, little is known about how media audiences critique such representations. Focusing on TikTok as a space for media criticism, this article examines how users employ the app to respond to representations of protest in mainstream news media. Content collected in the spring of 2021 illuminated two very distinct foci of discussion about news representations of protest: the Black Lives Matter movement and the Capitol riot. Our qualitative content analysis of TikTok videos and their related comments demonstrates how users employed TikTok’s creative affordances to dissect specific news representations, critique the media apparatus, and expand news narratives. These findings shed light on the complex role of TikTok as a platform for media criticism—one that can be used for both democratic and non-democratic ends.
(Tar)getting you: The use of online political targeted messages on Facebook
Authors: Kruikemeier Sanne , Vermeer Susan , Metoui Nadia , Dobber Tom , Zarouali Brahim
Published: August 2022

This study examines how mainstream political actors and other organizations use political targeted messages. For this purpose, a data set from ProPublica is used. The study examines 55,918 sponsored Facebook ads that were posted by 236 political actors (i.e., political elites and other organizations) in the United States. (1) Topic classification was used to identify policy issues, (2) network analysis to identify the main policy issues from the various political actors, and (3) Sankey diagrams to visualize microtargeted messages. Our findings indicate that actors focus on traditionally owned issues (i.e., the Democratic Party: environmental policy, social issues, and social welfare; the Republican Party: foreign affairs, law, and government finances). No clear evidence for a focus on wedge issues can be found, however, some first indications (e.g., a focus on reproductive rights, LGBTQ+) are present in a targeted media environment. All in all, the current study helps us to understand in what way political actors deploy targeted messages.
“I Can Go Slapsticks”: Humor as Humanizing Pedagogy for Science Instruction With Multilingual Adolescent Immigrant Learners
Authors: Qin Kongji , Beauchemin Faythe
Published: August 2022

Research shows that humor can play an important role in students’ language learning and literacy development. However, studies on how teachers intentionally enact humor as a pedagogical tool are still limited. This classroom discourse study examines the interactional construction and pedagogical functions of humor in one U.S. multilingual high school science classroom. Drawing on the theoretical frameworks of languaging and affect, we took a discourse analytic approach to analyze classroom interactions and interview data to examine how the teacher used humor as humanizing pedagogy. We illustrate that the teacher held a humanizing teaching approach to working with immigrant students and viewed “slapstick humor” as part of his humanizing pedagogy. He co-constructed humor with his multilingual students in classroom interaction, and his pedagogical humor worked towards simultaneously humanizing learning, teaching scientific content, and building authentic caring relationships with students through care and empathy. We conclude the article with a discussion of the implications of this study for the research and practice of using humor in language and literacy classrooms with immigrant multilingual students.
Cost-effectiveness of second-line axicabtagene ciloleucel in relapsed refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Kambhampati Swetha , Saumoy Monica , Schneider Yecheskel , Serrao Steve , Solaimani Pejman , Budde Lihua Elizabeth , Mei Matthew G. , Popplewell Leslie L. , Siddiqi Tanya , Zain Jasmine , Forman Stephen J. , Kwak Larry W. , Rosen Steven T. , Danilov Alexey V. , Herrera Alex F. , Thiruvengadam Nikhil R.
Published: August 2022

The ZUMA-7 (Efficacy of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel Compared to Standard of Care Therapy in Subjects With Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma) study showed that axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) improved event-free survival (EFS) compared with standard of care (SOC) salvage chemoimmunotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant in primary refractory/early relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL); this led to its recent US Food and Drug Administration approval in this setting. We modeled a hypothetical cohort of US adults (mean age, 65 years) with primary refractory/early relapsed DLBCL by developing a Markov model (lifetime horizon) to model the cost-effectiveness of second-line axi-cel compared with SOC using a range of plausible long-term outcomes. EFS and OS were estimated from ZUMA-7. Outcome measures were reported in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios, with a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $150 000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). Assuming a 5-year EFS of 35% with second-line axi-cel and 10% with SOC, axi-cel was cost-effective at a WTP of $150 000 per QALY ($93 547 per QALY). axi-cel was no longer cost-effective if its 5-year EFS was ≤26.4% or if it cost more than $972 061 at a WTP of $150 000. Second-line axi-cel was the cost-effective strategy in 73% of the 10 000 Monte Carlo iterations at a WTP of $150 000. If the absolute benefit in EFS is maintained over time, second-line axi-cel for aggressive relapsed/refractory DLBCL is cost-effective compared with SOC at a WTP of $150 000 per QALY. However, its cost-effectiveness is highly dependent on long-term outcomes. Routine use of second-line chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy would add significantly to health care expenditures in the United States (more than $1 billion each year), even when used in a high-risk subpopulation. Further reductions in the cost of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy are needed to be affordable in many regions of the world.
Type 2 inflammation in asthma and other airway diseases
Authors: Maspero Jorge , Adir Yochai , Al-Ahmad Mona , Celis-Preciado Carlos A. , Colodenco Federico D. , Giavina-Bianchi Pedro , Lababidi Hani , Ledanois Olivier , Mahoub Bassam , Perng Diahn-Warng , Vazquez Juan C. , Yorgancioglu Arzu
Published: August 2022

Chronic inflammatory airway diseases, including asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, eosinophilic COPD and allergic rhinitis are a global health concern. Despite the coexistence of these diseases and their common pathophysiology, they are often managed independently, resulting in poor asthma control, continued symptoms and poor quality of life. Understanding disease pathophysiology is important for best treatment practice, reduced disease burden and improved patient outcomes.

The pathophysiology of type 2 inflammation is driven by both the innate immune system triggered by pollutants, viral or fungal infections involving type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) and the adaptive immune system, triggered by contact with an allergen involving type 2 T-helper (Th2) cells. Both ILC2 and Th2 cells produce the type-2 cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13), each with several roles in the inflammation cascade. IL-4 and IL-13 cause B-cell class switching and IgE production, release of pro-inflammatory mediators, barrier disruption and tissue remodelling. In addition, IL-13 causes goblet-cell hyperplasia and mucus production. All three interleukins are involved in trafficking eosinophils to tissues, producing clinical symptoms characteristic of chronic inflammatory airway diseases.

Asthma is a heterogenous disease; therefore, identification of biomarkers and early targeted treatment is critical for patients inadequately managed by inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β-agonists alone. The Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines recommend add-on biological (anti IgE, IL-5/5R, IL-4R) treatments for those not responding to standard of care. Targeted therapies, including omalizumab, mepolizumab, reslizumab, benralizumab, dupilumab and tezepelumab, were developed on current understanding of the pathophysiology of type 2 inflammation. These therapies offer hope for improved management of type 2 inflammatory airway diseases.
Long COVID headache
Authors: Tana Claudio , Bentivegna Enrico , Cho Soo-Jin , Harriott Andrea M. , García-Azorín David , Labastida-Ramirez Alejandro , Ornello Raffaele , Raffaelli Bianca , Beltrán Eloísa Rubio , Ruscheweyh Ruth , Martelletti Paolo
Published: August 2022

Headache is among the most frequent symptoms persisting or newly developing after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as part of the so-called long COVID syndrome. The knowledge on long COVID headache is still limited, however growing evidence is defining the features of this novel condition, in particular regarding clinical characteristics, some pathophysiological mechanisms and first treatment recommendations. Long COVID headache can present in the form of worsening of a preexisting primary headache, or, more specifically, in the form of a new (intermittent or daily) headache starting during the acute infection or after a delay. It often presents together with other long COVID symptoms, most frequently with hyposmia. It can manifest with a migrainous or, more frequently, with a tension-type-like phenotype. Persistent activation of the immune system and trigeminovascular activation are thought to play a role. As there are virtually no treatment studies, treatment currently is largely guided by the existing guidelines for primary headaches with the corresponding phenotype. The present report, a collaborative work of the international group of the Junior Editorial Board of The Journal of Headache and Pain aims to summarize the most recent evidence about long COVID headache and suggests approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder.

Graphical Abstract
Combining genome size and pollen morphology data to study species relationships in the genus Daucus (Apiaceae)
Authors: Kadluczka Dariusz , Sliwinska Elwira , Grzebelus Ewa
Published: August 2022

Background

The genusDaucus(Apiaceae) comprises about 40 wild species and the cultivated carrot, a crop of great economic and nutritional importance. The rich genetic diversity of wildDaucusspecies makes them a valuable gene pool for carrot improvement breeding programs. Therefore, it is essential to have good knowledge of the genome structure and relationships among wildDaucusspecies. To broaden such knowledge, in this research, the nuclear DNA content for 14Daucusaccessions and four closely related species was estimated by flow cytometry and their pollen morphology was analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results

The flow cytometric analysis showed a 3.2-fold variation in the mean 2C values amongDaucustaxa, ranging from 0.999 (D.carotasubsp.sativus) to 3.228 pg (D.littoralis). Among the outgroup species, the mean 2C values were 1.775–2.882 pg. The pollen grains ofDaucuswere tricolporate, mainly prolate or perprolate (rarely) in shape, and mainly medium or small (rarely) in size (21.19–40.38 µm), whereas the outgroup species had tricolporate, perprolate-shaped, and medium-sized (26.01–49.86 µm) pollen grains. In the studied taxa, SEM analysis revealed that exine ornamentation was striate, rugulate, perforate, or the ornamentation pattern was mixed. At the time of shedding, all pollen grains were three-celled, as evidenced by DAPI staining. We also found high positive correlations between the length of the polar axis (P) and the length of the equatorial diameter (E) of pollen grains, as well as between P and P/E. However, when comparing cytogenetic information with palynological data, no significant correlations were observed.

Conclusions

This study complements the information on the nuclear DNA content inDaucusand provides comprehensive knowledge of the pollen morphology of its taxa. These findings may be important in elucidating the taxonomic relationships amongDaucusspecies and can help in the correct identification of gene bank accessions. In a broader view, they could also be meaningful for the interpretation of evolutionary trends in the genus.
Long-term outcome of a pragmatic trial of multifaceted intervention (STROKE-CARD care) to reduce cardiovascular risk and improve quality-of-life after ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack: study protocol
Authors: Boehme Christian , Domig Lena , Komarek Silvia , Toell Thomas , Mayer Lukas , Dejakum Benjamin , Krebs Stefan , Pechlaner Raimund , Bernegger Alexandra , Mueller Christoph , Rumpold Gerhard , Griesmacher Andrea , Vigl Marion , Schoenherr Gudrun , Schmidauer Christoph , Ferrari Julia , Lang Wilfried , Knoflach Michael , Kiechl Stefan
Published: August 2022

Background

Patients with ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) are at high risk of incident cardiovascular events and recurrent stroke. Despite compelling evidence about the efficacy of secondary prevention, a substantial gap exists between risk factor management in real life and that recommended by international guidelines. We conducted the STROKE-CARD trial (NCT02156778), a multifaceted pragmatic disease management program between 2014 and 2018 with follow-up until 2019. This program successfully reduced cardiovascular risk and improved health-related quality of life and functional outcome in patients with acute ischaemic stroke or TIA within 12 months after the index event. To investigate potential long-term effects of STROKE-CARD care compared to standard care, an extension of follow-up is warranted.

Methods

We aim to include all patients from the STROKE-CARD trial (n = 2149) for long-term follow-up between 2019 and 2021 with the study visit scheduled 3–6 years after the stroke/TIA event. The co-primary endpoint is the composite of major recurrent cardiovascular events (nonfatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and vascular death) from hospital discharge until the long-term follow-up visit and health-related quality of life measured with the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D-3L) at the final visit. Secondary endpoints include overall mortality, long-term functional outcome, and target-level achievement in risk factor management.

Discussion

This long-term follow-up will provide evidence on whether the pragmatic post-stroke/TIA intervention program STROKE-CARD is capable of preventing recurrent cardiovascular events and improving quality-of-life in the long run.

Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04205006 on 19 December 2019.
Relationship of arterial tonometry and exercise in patients with chronic heart failure: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Gong Xiaodan , Hu Mengwen , Li Mei
Published: August 2022

Background

Arterial stiffness is a common characteristic in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), and arterial tonometric technologies related to arterial stiffness are novel and effective methods and have an important value in the diagnosis and prognosis of CHF. In terms of ameliorating arterial stiffness in patients with CHF, exercise training is considered an adjuvant treatment and also an effective means in the diagnosis and judgment of prognosis. However, there are huge controversies and inconsistencies in these aspects. The objective of this meta-analysis was to systematically test the connection of arterial tonometry and exercise in patients with CHF.

Methods

Databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in The Cochrane Library, were accessed from inception to 7 March 2022. The meta-analysis was then conducted, and trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed jointly to further verify our tests and reach more convincing conclusions by using RevMan version 5.4 software, STATA version 16.0 software, and TSA version 0.9.5.10 Beta software.

Results

Eighteen articles were included, with a total of 876 participants satisfying the inclusion criteria. The pooling revealed that flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was lower in basal condition [standardized mean difference (SMD): − 2.28%, 95% confidence interval (CI) − 3.47 to − 1.08, P < 0.001] and improved significantly after exercise (SMD: 5.96%, 95% CI 2.81 to 9.05, P < 0.001) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) compared with healthy participants. The high-intensity training exercise was more beneficial (SMD: 2.88%, 95% CI 1.78 to 3.97, P < 0.001) than the moderate-intensity training exercise to improve FMD in patients with CHF. For augmentation index (AIx), our study indicated no significant differences (SMD: 0.50%, 95% CI − 0.05 to 1.05, P = 0.074) in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) compared with healthy participants. However, other outcomes of our study were not identified after further verification using TSA, and more high-quality studies are needed to reach definitive conclusions in the future.

Conclusions

This review shows that FMD is lower in basal condition and improves significantly after exercise in patients with HFrEF compared with healthy population; high-intensity training exercise is more beneficial than moderate-intensity training exercise to improve FMD in patients with CHF; besides, there are no significant differences in AIx in patients with HFpEF compared with the healthy population. More high-quality studies on this topic are warranted.
Association between dual sensory impairment and risk of mortality: a cohort study from the UK Biobank
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Wang Yueye , Wang Wei , Hu Wenyi , Shang Xianwen , Liao Huan , Chen Yifan , Kiburg Katerina V. , Huang Yu , Zhang Xueli , Tang Shulin , Yu Honghua , Yang Xiaohong , He Mingguang , Zhu Zhuoting
Published: August 2022

Background

Dual sensory impairment is affecting over 10% of older adults worldwide. However, the long-term effect of dual sensory impairment (DSI) on the risk of mortality remains controversial. We aim to investigate the impact of single or/and dual sensory impairment on the risk of mortality in a large population-based sample of the adult in the UK with 14-years of follow-up.

Methods

This population-based prospective cohort study included participants aged 40 and over with complete records of visual and hearing functions from the UK Biobank study. Measurements of visual and hearing functions were performed at baseline examinations between 2006 and 2010, and data on mortality was obtained by 2021. Dual sensory impairment was defined as concurrent visual and hearing impairments. Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to evaluate the impact of sensory impairment (dual sensory impairment, single visual or hearing impairment) on the hazard of mortality.

Results

Of the 113,563 participants included in this study, the mean age (standard deviation) was 56.8 (8.09) years, and 61,849 (54.5%) were female. At baseline measurements, there were 733 (0.65%) participants with dual sensory impairment, 2,973 (2.62%) participants with single visual impairment, and 13,560 (11.94%) with single hearing impairment. After a follow-up period of 14 years (mean duration of 11 years), 5,992 (5.28%) participants died from all causes. Compared with no sensory impairment, dual sensory impairment was significantly associated with an estimated 44% higher hazard of mortality (hazard ratio: 1.44 [95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.88], p = 0.007) after multiple adjustments.

Conclusions

Individuals with dual sensory impairment were found to have an independently 44% higher hazard of mortality than those with neither sensory impairment. Timely intervention of sensory impairment and early prevention of its underlying causes should help to reduce the associated risk of mortality.
Assessment of management approaches for hyperemesis gravidarum and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a retrospective questionnaire analysis
Authors: Mares Rachel , Morrow Adelene , Shumway Haley , Zapata Isain , Forstein David , Brooks Benjamin
Published: August 2022

Background

Hyperemesis gravidarum is the most severe form of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, or morning sickness. 2% of pregnancies in the United States are affected by hyperemesis gravidarum. The condition is characterized by severe vomiting in pregnant people, especially during the first trimester, often leading to hypovolemia and weight loss. The standard of care for hyperemesis and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is commonly ineffective. We hypothesize that based on patient experience; the current treatment guidelines for hyperemesis are not clinically effective. Our objective was to identify the efficacy of the various management approaches that are currently in place for hyperemesis and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.

Methods

A questionnaire was designed based on diagnostic criteria, standard demographic identifiers, and common medications for the treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum. This questionnaire was distributed online to through hyperemesis and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy support groups, personal social media, and institutional email.

Results

In our study, most participants diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum trialed at least three medications, most of which were ineffective and/or had severe side effects. The most used medication for treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum is ondansetron, a standard antiemetic, with fatigue and constipation being the most reported side effects. All data in the dataset was coded as categorical and analyzed using contingency tables using Mantel-Haenszel Chi square tests.

Conclusions

The data presented in this research provides insight into the suffering that patients with these diagnoses face day-to-day due to the lack of efficacious, well-tolerated treatment options. Establishing this gap in treatment can facilitate the development of effective treatments that will provide relief for thousands of patients.
Hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia caused by glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) deficiency in a Chinese patient: a case report
Authors: Zu Yumei , Wang Hui , Lin Weijia , Zou Chaochun
Published: August 2022

Background

Glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that causes hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia (HNSHA). Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation of the GPI gene on chromosome 19q13 is the cause of GPI deficiency. Fifty-seven GPI mutations have been reported at the molecular level.

Case presentation

A 5-month-old boy was presented with repeated episodes of jaundice after birth. He suffered from moderate hemolytic anemia (hemoglobin levels ranging from 62 to 91 g/L) associated with macrocytosis, reticulocytosis, neutropenia, and hyperbilirubinemia. Whole-exome sequencing showed that he has a missense mutation c.301G > A (p.Val101Met) in exon 4 and a frameshift mutation c.812delG (p.Gly271Glufs*131) in exon 10. Mutation p.Gly271Glufs*131 is a novel frameshift null mutation in GPI deficiency.

Conclusion

In a patient with recurrent jaundice since birth, mutations in the GPI gene associated with HNSHA should be evaluated. The c.812delG (p.Gly271Glufs*131) variant may be a novel mutation of the GPI gene. Compound heterozygous mutations c.301G > A (p.Val101Met) and c.812delG (p.Gly271Glufs*131) are not relevant to neurological impairment.
Food and beverage advertising expenditures in Canada in 2016 and 2019 across media
Authors: Potvin Kent Monique , Pauzé Elise , Bagnato Mariangela , Guimarães Julia Soares , Pinto Adena , Remedios Lauren , Pritchard Meghan , L’Abbé Mary R. , Mulligan Christine , Vergeer Laura , Weippert Madyson
Published: August 2022

Background

Food and beverage advertising has been identified as a powerful determinant of dietary intake and weight. Available evidence suggests that the preponderance of food and beverage advertising expenditures are devoted to the promotion of unhealthy products. The purpose of this study is to estimate food advertising expenditures in Canada in 2019 overall, by media and by food category, determine how much was spent on promoting healthier versus less healthy products and assess whether changes in these expenditures occurred between 2016 and 2019.

Methods

Estimates of net advertising expenditures for 57 selected food categories promoted on television, radio, out-of-home media, print media and popular websites, were licensed from Numerator. The nutrient content of promoted products or brands were collected, and related expenditures were then categorized as “healthy” or “unhealthy” according to a Nutrient Profile Model (NPM) proposed by Health Canada. Expenditures were described using frequencies and relative frequencies and percent changes in expenditures between 2016 and 2019 were computed.

Results

An estimated $628.6 million was spent on examined food and beverage advertising in Canada in 2019, with television accounting for 67.7%, followed by digital media (11.8%). In 2019, most spending (55.7%) was devoted to restaurants, followed by dairy and alternatives (11%), and $492.9 million (87.2% of classified spending) was spent advertising products and brands classified as “unhealthy”. Fruit and vegetables and water accounted for only 2.1 and 0.8% of expenditures, respectively, in 2019. In 2019 compared to 2016, advertising expenditures decreased by 14.1% across all media (excluding digital media), with the largest decreases noted for print media (− 63.0%) and television (− 14.6%). Overall, expenditures increased the most in relative terms for fruit and vegetables (+ 19.5%) and miscellaneous products (+ 5%), while decreasing the most for water (− 55.6%) and beverages (− 47.5%).

Conclusions

Despite a slight drop in national food and beverage advertising spending between 2016 and 2019, examined expenditures remain high, and most products or brands being advertised are unhealthy. Expenditures across all media should continue to be monitored to assess Canada’s nutrition environment and track changes in food advertising over time.
Parents’ perceptions of their children’s physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ostermeier Emma , Tucker Patricia , Tobin Danielle , Clark Andrew , Gilliland Jason
Published: August 2022

Background

COVID-19 has drastically changed the everyday lives of children, including limiting interactions with peers, loss of regularly organized activities, and closure of schools and recreational facilities. While COVID-19 protocols are in place to reduce viral transmission, they have affected children’s access to physical activity opportunities. The purpose of this study was to understand how COVID-19 has affected children’s engagement in physical activity and to identify strategies that can support children’s return to physical activity programming in public places.

Methods

Parents of past participants in the Grade 5 ACT-i-Pass Program in London, Ontario, Canada were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview online (in November and December 2020) via Microsoft Teams. The script was comprised of questions about their child’s physical activity levels (before, current, and anticipated following COVID-19), lifestyle changes due to COVID-19, and what service providers can do to assist children’s return to public programming. Interviews were transcribed in Microsoft Teams, reviewed by a member of the research team, and analyzed in NVivo 12 using thematic analysis.

Results

Twenty-seven parents participated in an interview. Four themes and two subthemes were identified during analysis: (1) modifications to everyday life (a. activity options available and b. altered social environment), (2) safety in public spaces, (3) accessibility of activities, and (4) utilizing outdoor spaces.

Conclusions

COVID-19 protocols have decreased children’s physical activity levels due to the loss of their regular activities, recreational spaces, and peer support. Implementing facility and activity-specific health protocols, providing outdoor activity options, and offering a variety of activity types, times, and locations are three strategies recommended by parents to help facilitate their children’s return to public recreational places. Due to the negative consequences of physical inactivity on children’s health and well-being, service providers need to implement programming and safety protocols that support children’s engagement in physical activity throughout the remainder of, and the years following, the COVID-19 pandemic.
Spatial–temporal-demographic and virological changes of hand, foot and mouth disease incidence after vaccination in a vulnerable region of China
Authors: Huang Li , Wang Ting , Liu Xuxiang , Fu Yuansheng , Zhang Sichen , Chu Qinshu , Nie Tingyue , Tu Houmian , Cheng Jian , Fan Yinguang
Published: August 2022

Background

The enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) vaccine has been used in Hefei for several years, and the epidemiological significance of vaccination in this area is unclear. We aims to explore the spatial–temporal-demographic and virological changes of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) after vaccination in China.

Methods

The data for HFMD from 2012 to 2020 were downloaded with the help of HFMD reporting system of Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention and combined with the EV-A71 vaccination status in Hefei. The study defined the period between 2012 to 2016 as the pre-vaccination period and explored the effect of vaccination on the incidence of HFMD by comparing the changes of HFMD before and after vaccination in terms of spatial, temporal, demographic and virological aspects.

Results

During the study period, a higher incidence occurred in urban area and the random distribution changed to a slight cluster after vaccination. HFMD incidence had inconsistent seasonality over years, with one or two incidence peaks in varying years. The morbidity decreased from 215.22/105 in 2012–2016 to 179.81/105 in 2017–2020 (p < 0.001). Boys, 0–4 years old children and Scattered children were more susceptible to HFMD compared with the others, the proportions decreased after vaccination except in Scattered children. The main pathogenic enterovirus gradually changed from EV-A71 to Other Enteroviruses, especially coxsackieviruses A6 (CV-A6) after the implementation of EV-A71 vaccination.

Conclusions

The EV-A71 vaccine was effective in reducing the incidence of HFMD and changing the spatial, temporal, demographic, and virological characteristic. These changes should be considered during the vaccination implementation to further reduce the disease burden of HFMD.
Psychosocial factors associated with malaria care-seeking in rural Ethiopia
Authors: Olapeju Bolanle , Tamene Habtamu , Ayele Minyahil , Heliso Simon , Berhanu Tsega , Alemayehu Guda , Kapadia-Kundu Nandita
Published: August 2022

Background

Ethiopia’s National Malaria Control and Elimination Program aims to diagnose all suspected malaria cases within 24 h of fever onset and provide prompt treatment for confirmed cases. This study explored psychosocial factors associated with no-, delayed- and prompt- care-seeking among female caregivers of children under five years with fever in rural Ethiopia.

Methods

Household surveys were conducted from 2016–2019 among female caregivers (N = 479) of children under five years old with fever in Oromia; Amhara; Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR); and Tigray. Prompt and delayed care-seeking were defined as seeking treatment within ≤ 24 h or > 24 h of symptom onset respectively. Contextual factors explored included sociodemographic factors, household supply of bed nets, exposure to health messages, and household vulnerability (a measure of financial access to food, shelter, schooling, and medical treatment). Ideational factors included psychosocial factors related to care-seeking (knowledge, self-efficacy, response efficacy, attitudes, involvement in decision-making, and household social support).

Results

The prevalence of fever among children under five years was 18% (ranging from 9% in Tigray to 34% in SNNPR. Overall, 45% of caregivers of children with fever sought care promptly, while 23% delayed care-seeking and 32% sought no care. Prompt care-seeking rates were higher among caregivers with positive attitudes toward prompt care-seeking (48%), involved in decision-making (48%) or perceived equitable gender norms in the community (65%). Caregivers with a high care-seeking ideation had increased odds of prompt care-seeking (aOR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.74–4.02). Significant contextual factors included residence in the Oromia region (aOR: 2.99; 95% CI:1.40–6.41), caregivers age 35–49 years (aOR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.26–0.95), residence in vulnerable households (aOR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.28–3.18).

Conclusions

Among this rural Ethiopian population, prompt care-seeking was low but positively influenced by both ideational and contextual psychosocial factors occurring at the caregiver level. Multi-sectoral interventions at the individual, community, and health facility levels are needed to improve prompt care-seeking. These include social behavior change interventions to improve ideation, complemented by health facility interventions to ensure provision of high-quality services and structural interventions to increase educational attainment in these rural settings.