bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Persistently active interferon‐γ pathway and expansion of T‐bet+ B cells in a subset of patients with childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Moneta Gian Marco , Bracaglia Claudia , Caiello Ivan , Farroni Chiara , Pires Marafon Denise , Carlomagno Raffella , Hiraki Linda , Vivarelli Marina , Gianviti Alessandra , Carbogno Simone , Ferlin Walter , de Min Cristina , Silverman Earl , Carsetti Rita , De Benedetti Fabrizio , Marasco Emiliano
Published: May 2023

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease causing significant morbidity and mortality, despite important improvements in its management in the last decades. The objective of this work is to investigate the role of IFN‐γ in the pathogenesis of childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE), evaluating the crosstalk between IFN‐α and IFN‐γ and the expression of T‐bet, a transcription factor induced by IFN‐γ, in B cells of patients with cSLE. Expression levels of both IFN‐α and IFN‐γ‐induced genes were upregulated in patients with cSLE. We found increased serum levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 in patients with cSLE. Type I IFN score decreased with initiation of immunosuppressive treatment; conversely, type II IFN score and levels of CXCL9 were not significantly affected by immunosuppressive treatment. Type II IFN score and CXCL9 were significantly higher in patients with lupus nephritis. We observed the expansion of a population of naïve B cells expressing T‐bet in a cluster of patients with cSLE. IFN‐γ, but not IFN‐α, induced the expression of T‐bet in B cells. Our data suggest that IFN‐γ is hyperactive in cSLE, especially in patients with lupus nephritis, and it is not modulated by therapy. Our data reinforce the potential of IFN‐γ as a therapeutic target in SLE.
Lab‐based electrochemical X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy for in‐situ probing of redox processes at the electrified solid/liquid interface
Authors: Griesser Christoph , Winkler Daniel , Moser Toni , Haug Leander , Thaler Marco , Portenkirchner Engelbert , Klötzer Bernhard , Diaz‐Coello Sergio , Pastor Elena , Kunze‐Liebhäuser Julia
Published: May 2023

A profound understanding of the solid/liquid interface is central in electrochemistry and electrocatalysis, as the interfacial properties ultimately determine the electro‐reactivity of a system. Although numerous electrochemical methods exist to characterize this interface under operating conditions, tools for the in‐situ observation of the surface chemistry, that is, chemical composition and oxidation state, are still scarce, and currently exclusively available at synchrotron facilities. Here, we demonstrate the ability of laboratory‐based near‐ambient pressure X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy to track changes in oxidation states in‐situ with respect to the applied potential. In this proof‐of‐principle study with polycrystalline gold (Au) as the best‐studied electrochemical standard, we show that during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), at high OER overpotentials, Au3+ governs the interfacial chemistry, while, at lower overpotentials, Au+ dominates.
A hybrid combination of EV charging stations with renewable energy sources for powering a residential community. A techno‐economic perspective
Authors: Mas’ud Abdullahi Abubakar
Published: May 2023

In this study, the performance of PV/wind/Diesel/battery schemes to satisfy the electrical load requirements of a residential community in five Nigerian cities: Sokoto, Katsina, Dutse, Jos, Gusau, and Zaria, have been techno‐economically evaluated. Two cases were considered: First, the hybrid system is designed to satisfy a residential community's load demand. Second, the system is optimized to satisfy both the requirements of electrical vehicles (EV) and the residential community. All simulations were carried out in MATLAB and validated by HOMER. For better utilization of energy, EV charging was carried out during periods of significant excess energy. The daily travel distance for EVs was set between 25 and 65 km. Sokoto and Gusau have the lowest LCOE (0.312) and NPC ($1.71 M) for a hybrid scheme without an EV battery charging, while Zaria has the highest (0.325 and $1.78 M). On the other hand, Sokoto and Gusau have the lowest LCOE (0.306) and NPC ($1.81 M) for a hybrid scheme with EV battery charging, whereas Zaria has the highest (0.32 and $1.89 M). Furthermore, as the EV travel distance increases, NPC rises, while the LCOE is highly sensitive to seasonal power requirements. The system has successfully utilized excess energy without compromising its financial viability. The novelty of the work presented in this paper is that for the first time a hybrid renewable energy system incorporating EV charging has been designed for various locations in Nigeria, which may aid policymakers in determining suitable locations for these schemes.
Insights into the mechanism of oligodendrocyte protection and remyelination enhancement by the integrated stress response
Authors: Chen Yanan , Quan Songhua , Patil Vaibhav , Kunjamma Rejani B. , Tokars Haley M. , Leisten Eric D. , Joy Godwin , Wills Samantha , Chan Jonah R. , Wong Yvette C. , Popko Brian
Published: May 2023

central nervous system (CNS) inflammation triggers activation of the integrated stress response (ISR). We previously reported that prolonging the ISR protects remyelinating oligodendrocytes and promotes remyelination in the presence of inflammation. However, the exact mechanisms through which this occurs remain unknown. Here, we investigated whether the ISR modulator Sephin1 in combination with the oligodendrocyte differentiation enhancing reagent bazedoxifene (BZA) is able to accelerate remyelination under inflammation, and the underlying mechanisms mediating this pathway. We find that the combined treatment of Sephin1 and BZA is sufficient to accelerate early‐stage remyelination in mice with ectopic IFN‐γ expression in the CNS. IFN‐γ, which is a critical inflammatory cytokine in multiple sclerosis (MS), inhibits oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation in culture and triggers a mild ISR. Mechanistically, we further show that BZA promotes OPC differentiation in the presence of IFN‐γ, while Sephin1 enhances the IFN‐γ‐induced ISR by reducing protein synthesis and increasing RNA stress granule formation in differentiating oligodendrocytes. Finally, pharmacological suppression of the ISR blocks stress granule formation in vitro and partially lessens the beneficial effect of Sephin1 on disease progression in a mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). Overall, our findings uncover distinct mechanisms of action of BZA and Sephin1 on oligodendrocyte lineage cells under inflammatory stress, suggesting that a combination therapy may effectively promote restoring neuronal function in MS patients.
Efficacy of telemedicine interventions for depression and anxiety in older people: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: de Oliveira Paola Bell Felix , Dornelles Thayane Martins , Gosmann Natan Pereira , Camozzato Analuiza
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Anxiety and depression are prevalent in the elderly and lead to loss of functionality and increased mortality. Although the use of antidepressants and face‐to‐face psychotherapies are indicated, the current context of telemedicine provides an alternative, with the advantage of facilitating access to care. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of telemedicine interventions to reduce anxiety and depression in the elderly through a systematic review with meta‐analysis.

Methods

The systematic review, through a search in 7 databases, included studies that evaluated the use of telemedicine interventions for depressive or anxious symptoms in the elderly, compared with usual care or waiting list or with another telemedicine intervention. Quantitative assessment was performed through meta‐analysis.

Results

A total of 31 articles identified in the search met the eligibility criteria and four were included for meta‐analysis. Studies showed that telemedicine interventions are feasible and several studies demonstrated significant improvement in depressive or anxiety symptoms. Four studies evaluated the efficacy of internet‐delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for depression and anxiety in older adults, compared with a waitlist, and found pooled effect sizes of −1.20 (95% CI −1.60 to −0.81) and −1.14 (95% CI −1.56 to −0.72), respectively, with low heterogeneity.

Conclusions

Telemedicine interventions can be an alternative for the treatment of mood and anxiety symptoms in the elderly. However, more studies are needed to prove their clinical effectiveness, especially in countries with lower incomes and diverse culture and education.
Nomograms incorporating primary tumor response at mid‐radiotherapy to predict survival in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Liu Xixi , Huang Jing , Qin You , Zhang Zhanjie , Wu Bian , Yang Kunyu
Published: May 2023

Background

A nomogram that incorporates tumor response at mid‐radiotherapy (mid‐RT) to predict the prognosis of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA‐NPC) has not been established.

Methods

This study retrospectively reviewed 583 patients with LA‐NPC who underwent magnetic resonance imaging scans at mid‐RT (the fourth week of RT) between 2015 and 2019.

Results

Primary tumor (PT) response at mid‐RT was found to predict disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Independent factors from multivariable analysis to predict DFS and OS were assembled into nomograms with (nomograms Amid‐RT and Bmid‐RT) or without (nomograms Abaseline and Bbaseline) PT response. Internal validation revealed good performance of these nomograms in discrimination: C‐statistics = 0.761 for nomogram Amid‐RT and 0.809 for nomogram Bmid‐RT, which showed better discrimination performance than (C‐statistics: 0.755) nomogram Abaseline and (C‐statistics: 0.798) nomogram Bbaseline (Z‐statistic = 2.476, p < 0.05; Z‐statistic = 1.971, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The nomograms based on PT response at mid‐RT showed favorable predictive accuracy for DFS and OS in patients with LA‐NPC.
Value‐based public health: Moving beyond value‐based health care to support a wellbeing economy
Authors: Raymond Kate , Haddock Rebecca , Nathan Sally , Harrison Reema , Meyer Lois
Published: May 2023

While value‐based health care (VBHC) is transforming Australia's health system, with its focus on patient‐centred care and outcomes, it cannot transform Australia's health without policy action to address the social determinants of health. Australia is moving towards a wellbeing economy, but governments have not been explicit in the methods by which the health system will contribute to the development of a wellbeing economy at a macro level. It is also unclear how governments will ensure that approaches to valuing wellbeing will complement current health care innovations in defining and evaluating value in relation to health outcomes. To address this gap, we present a value‐based public health (VBPH) framework to conceptualise a health‐informed model to expand current thinking about defining, delivering and evaluating the value of population health and wellbeing. The framework provides a critical and innovative approach beyond VBHC for improving population health and wellbeing outcomes, in alignment with principles and measures being put forth in early examples of governments using wellbeing economy policies. In VBPH, the focus is on ensuring value in interventions to improve population outcomes. VBPH offers an approach for joined‐up policy across government, using Health in All Policies for multi‐sector public health interventions in response to population needs, across full cycles of policy development, implementation and evaluation. It promotes social return on investment methods to measure outcomes that matter to diverse stakeholders within and across communities. VBPH also requires cost estimation from a whole of government perspective, across complete cycles and stages of policy.
Global increased cesarean section rates and public health implications: A call to action
Authors: Angolile Cornel M. , Max Baraka L. , Mushemba Justice , Mashauri Harold L.
Published: May 2023

Over the years; global caesarian section (CS) rates have significantly increased from around 7% in 1990 to 21% today surpassing the ideal acceptable CS rate which is around 10%–15% according to the WHO. However, currently, not all CS are done for medical reasons with rapidly increasing rate of nonmedically indicated CS and the so‐called “caesarian on maternal request.” These trends are projected to continue increasing over this current decade where both unmet needs and overuse are expected to coexist with the projected global rate of 29% by 2030. CS reduces both maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality significantly when it is done under proper indications while at the same time, it can be of harm to the mother and the child when performed contrary. The later exposes both the mother and the baby to a number of unnecessary short and long‐term complications and increase the chances of developing different noncommunicable diseases and immune‐related conditions among babies later in life. The implications of lowering SC rate will ultimately lower healthcare expenditures. This challenge can be addressed by several ways including provision of intensive public health education regarding public health implications of increased CS rate. Assisted vaginal delivery approaches like the use of vacuum and forceps and other methods should be considered and encouraged during delivery as long as their indications for implementation are met. Conducting frequent external review and audits to the health facilities and providing feedback regarding the rates of CS deliveries can help to keep in check the rising CS trends as well as identifying the settings with unmet surgical needs. Moreover, the public especially expectant mothers during clinic visits and clinicians should be educated and be informed on the WHO recommendations on nonclinical interventions towards reduction of unnecessary CS procedures.
Innovative approaches for enhancing English learning using fuzzy logic‐based intelligence assistant in the cloud platform
Authors: Yang Shengbo , Hu Yue , Chen Dong
Published: May 2023

Traditional English online learning pattern suffers from many challenges which include slow response time, and poor‐quality for experiences, due to the remote distance of cloud servers. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an innovative approach which can help to optimize the English learning process by using the fuzzy logic idea based on the cloud platform. On one hand, the fuzzy logic is used to create an intelligent English learning model. On the other hand, using this model, we design a system in which the learning process is carried out efficiently. The experimental results demonstrate that this proposed work can gain students' preferences intelligently and improve their English learning scores effectively.
Novel KCNC2 variant associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Huo Liang , Wu Qiong , Yang Fan , Liu Xueyan , Yang Zuozhen , Wang Hua
Published: May 2023

The KCNC2 gene encodes Kv3.2, which is a member of the voltage‐gated potassium channel subfamily. It is crucial for the generation of fast‐spiking properties in cortical GABAergic interneurons. Recently, KCNC2 variations were found to be associated with epileptic encephalopathy in unrelated individuals. Here, we report a Chinese patient with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) and motor development delay. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) revealed a novel heterozygous variant in the KCNC2 gene NM_139137.4:c.1163T>C (p.Phe388Ser), and subsequent Sanger sequencing showed that it was a de novo mutation. We identified the KCNC2 likely pathogenic variant in a DEE patient by reanalysis of WES data in a Chinese family. Our study enriched the variation spectrum of the KCNC2 gene and promoted the application of WES technology and data reanalysis in the diagnosis of epilepsy.
Formal [4+1] annulations of salicylaldehydes with 3‐chlorooxindoles for diastereoselective construction of dihydrobenzofuranspirooxindoles by solvent‐free grinding
Authors: Li Yue , Wang Feng , Ning Rui , Kong Dulin , Wu Mingshu
Published: May 2023

A highly diastereoselective solvent‐free grinding approach for the construction of dihydrobenzofuranspirooxindole derivatives through a formal [4+1] annulations of α‐chlorooxindoles with salicylaldehydes in the presence of Brønsted base is reported. This transformation proceeds by Darzens‐type epoxidation to give trans‐form spiro‐epoxyoxindoles, followed by the nucleophilic ring‐opening/an intramolecular cyclization, providing cis‐form dihydrobenzofuran frameworks.
Real‐world drug survival of Brodalumab, in patients with psoriasis switched from Ixekizumab: Results of a single centre retrospective study (BroSwitch)
Authors: Bethlem Jolijn C. , Janssens Jenny A. H. M. , Tjioe Milan
Published: May 2023

Background

Biologicals are a widely used treatment for psoriasis (PsO), however, biologicals are expensive and while continuous use is warranted, sometimes need switching. In January 2021, dermatologists of Bravis Hospital and dermaTeam clinic actively switched 91 patients, who received Ixekizumab, to Brodalumab due to health economic reasons. This is a retrospective, real‐world cohort study.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess Brodalumab drug survival, reasons for discontinuing Brodalumab and side effects. The researchers also hoped to gain insight into determinants for Brodalumab drug survival.

Methods

Data were retrospectively extracted from electronic medical records (EMR). Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) scores were evaluated. Drug survival was analysed using Kaplan–Meier estimates. Analyses were split according to the reason for discontinuing: primary or secondary ineffectiveness, and side effects.

Results

A total of 91 EMRs were included. Overall, 29 patients (32%) discontinued Brodalumab within 1 year owing to: primary inefficacy (45%), secondary inefficacy (31%), only side effects (14%), or other reasons (10%). The most reported side effect was xerosis cutis, followed by joint pain. PASI scores were lacking. No determinants to make switching more successful were found. Drug survival was 53% at Week 50.

Conclusions

Drug survival of Brodalumab after switch from Ixekizumab in our patient group was low at 53%. Inadequate disease control was more important than side effects.
Narrative review – Barriers and facilitators to promotion of physical activity in primary care
Authors: Leese Callum , Abraham Kirstin , Smith Blair H
Published: May 2023

The objective

to provide an overview of the literature on the barriers and facilitators to physical activity (PA) promotion in primary care, as experienced by practitioners and patients.

Method

A search strategy of the English‐language literature was conducted in EMBASE, MEDLINE and the COCHRANE LIBRARY. Search terms were primary care OR general practice OR family medicine OR family practitioner AND physical activity OR exercise AND barriers OR facilitators. Databases were searched from inception until 21 October 2022.

Results

After screening, 63 articles were included within the summary and content analysis of this review. Analysis of the barriers to the implementation of PA highlighted four main themes perceived by practitioners: time, knowledge/skills, resources/support and financial implications. Analysis of the patient perspective identified themes which were categorised into individual (pre‐existing health conditions, knowledge of benefits of PA, time/capacity), societal (social support and cultural norms) and environmental (availability of facilities and weather).

Conclusions

As the importance of PA increases through the manifestation of sedentary behaviour‐related disease, a combined primary care and public health approach to increase PA is required. By identifying the main barriers to PA promotion in primary care, resources and funding can be directed to address this. This is particularly relevant in the United Kingdom, with the re‐negotiation of the primary care contract and the changes to healthcare delivery as a consequence of the Covid‐19 pandemic. Throughout this review, we have explored ways of addressing the identified barriers through evidence‐based interventions.
Biofunctionalization of Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticles via Combined Nitroxide‐Mediated Polymerization and Nitroxide Exchange Reaction
Authors: Wagner Ilona , Spiegel Simon , Brückel Julian , Schwotzer Matthias , Welle Alexander , Stenzel Martina H. , Bräse Stefan , Begum Salma , Tsotsalas Manuel
Published: May 2023

Surface engineering of metal–organic framework nanoparticles (MOF NPs), and enabling their post‐synthetic modulation that facilitates the formation of bio‐interfaces has tremendous potential for diverse applications including therapeutics, imaging, biosensing, and drug‐delivery systems. Despite the progress in MOF NPs synthesis, colloidal stability and homogeneous dispersity—a desirable property for biotechnological applications, stands as a critical obstacle and remains a challenging task. In this report, dynamic surfaces modification of MOF NPs with polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer is described using grafting‐from PEGylation by employing nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP) and inserting arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) peptides on the surface via a nitroxide exchange reaction (NER). The dynamic modification strategy enables tailoring PEG‐grafted MOF NPs of the type UiO‐66‐NH2 with improved colloidal stability, and high dispersity, while the morphology and lattice crystallinity are strictly preserved. The interaction of PEG‐grafted MOF NPs with human serum albumin (HSA) protein under physiological conditions is studied. The PEG‐grafted colloidal MOF NPs adsorb less HSA protein than the uncoated ones. Therefore, the described approach increases the scope of bio‐relevant applications of colloidal MOF NPs by reducing nonspecific interactions using NMP based PEGylation, while preserving the possibility to introduce targeting moieties via NER for specific interactions.
Brain Bank Questionnaire Helps in Differential Diagnosis of Movement Disorders: An Autopsy Study of 150 Patients
Authors: Martin Nicholas B. , Sekiya Hiroaki , Kim Minji , Dickson Dennis W. , Koga Shunsuke
Published: May 2023

Background

As part of the CurePSP brain donation program, a questionnaire was developed to gather basic clinical information on donors; however, its usefulness has not been evaluated.

Objective

To assess the value of information obtained from the questionnaire in differentiating between parkinsonian disorders.

Methods

We reviewed 150 questionnaires, including 50 patients, each with a neuropathologic diagnosis of Lewy body disease (LBD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), or progressive supranuclear palsy. The frequency of clinical features recorded in the questionnaires was compared for the three disorders, and a machine learning algorithm was used to identify features predicting neuropathologic diagnosis.

Results

The information from the questionnaires correlated with core clinical features for each disorder, such as hallucinations for LBD and autonomic dysfunction for MSA. Hallucinations and disorientations were identified as the key variables that contributed most to the prediction of neuropathology.

Conclusion

The questionnaire provides useful clinical information for clinicopathological correlative studies.
A novel variant in ALG1 gene associated with congenital disorder of glycosylation: A case report and short literature review
Authors: Xue Yan , Zhao Yiran , Wu Bo , Shu Jianbo , Yan Dandan , Li Dong , Yu Xiaoli , Cai Chunquan
Published: May 2023

Background

The congenital disorder of glycosylation associated with ALG1 (ALG1‐CDG) is a rare autosomal recessive disease. Due to the deficiency of β1,4 mannosyltransferase caused by pathogenic variants in ALG1 gene, the assembly and processing of glycans in the protein glycosylation pathway are impaired, resulting in a broad clinical spectrum with multi‐organ involvement. To raise awareness of clinicians for its manifestations and genotype, we here reported a new patient with a novel variant in ALG1 gene and reviewed the literature to study the genotype–phenotype correlation.

Method

Clinical characteristics were collected, and clinical exome sequencing was used to identify the causative variants. MutationTaster, PyMol, and FoldX were used to predict the pathogenicity, changes in 3D model molecular structure of protein, and changes of free energy caused by novel variants.

Results

The proband was a 13‐month‐old Chinese Han male characterized by epileptic seizures, psychomotor development delay, muscular hypotonia, liver and cardiac involvement. Clinical exome sequencing revealed the biallelic compound heterozygosity variants, a previously reported variant c.434G>A (p.G145N, paternal) and a novel variant c.314T>A (p.V105N, maternal). The literature review found that in severe phenotypes, the incidences of clinical manifestations were significantly higher than that in mild phenotypes, including congenital nephrotic syndrome, agammaglobulinemia, and severe hydrops. Homozygous c.773C>T was a strongly pathogenic variant associated with a severe phenotype. When heterozygous for c.773C>T, patients with another variant leading to substitution in amino acids within the strongly conserved regions (c.866A>T, c.1025A>C, c.1182C>G) may cause a more severe phenotype than those within less‐conserved regions (c.434G>A, c.450C>G, c.765G>A, c.1287T>A). c.1129A>G, c.1076C>T, and c.1287T>A were more likely to be associated with a mild phenotype. The assessment of disease phenotypes requires a combination of genotype and clinical manifestations.

Conclusions

The case reported herein adds to the mutations identified in ALG1‐CDG and a review of this literature expands the study of the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of this disorder.
Comparing the educational quality of free flap technique videos on public and paid platforms
Authors: Ku Ying C. , Mulvihill Lianne , Lammers Jacob , Al‐Malak Mazen , Figueroa Brian A. , Jo Diane , Fodor R'ay S. , Rampazzo Antonio , Bassiri Gharb Bahar
Published: May 2023

Background

Surgical videos are reshaping the landscape for surgical education. As this form of education has rapidly grown and become a valuable resource for experienced surgeons, residents, and students, there is great variability in the presentation of what is offered. This study aimed to assess and compare the educational quality of free flap instructional videos on public and paid platforms.

Methods

Free flap videos from public (YouTube) and paid (American Society of Plastic Surgeons Education Network and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Journal) sources were screened independently by three reviewers. Sample size was calculated to reach 80% power. The educational quality of the videos was determined using a modified version of Laparoscopic Surgery Video Educational Guidelines (0–6 low, 7–12 medium, 13–18 high). Professionally‐made videos were identified per lighting, positioning, and video/imaging quality. Interrater reliability between the three reviewers was calculated. The educational quality of the videos was compared between public and paid sources using Mood's median test. Pearson's correlation coefficient was utilized to assess the correlation between video length and educational quality.

Results

Seventy‐six videos were included (40 public, 36 paid). The median video lengths for public and paid platforms were 9.43(IQR = 12.33) and 5.07(IQR = 6.4) min, respectively. There were 18 high, 16 medium, and 6 low‐quality public videos, versus 13 high, 21 medium, and 2 low‐quality paid videos. Four public and seven paid videos were identified as professionally made. Interrater reliability was high (α = .9). No differences in educational quality were identified between public and paid platforms. Video length was not correlated with quality (p = .15). A video library compiling public high‐quality videos was created (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL‐d5BBgQF75VWSkbvEq6mfYI‐‐9579oPK).

Conclusions

Public and paid platforms may provide similar surgical education on free tissue transfer. Therefore, whether to subscribe to a paid video platform for supplemental free flap education should be determined on an individual basis.
A nonlinear scaling‐based normalized metal artifact reduction to reduce low‐frequency artifacts in energy‐integrating and photon‐counting CT
Authors: Anhaus Julian A. , Killermann Philipp , Mahnken Andreas H. , Hofmann Christian
Published: May 2023

Background

Metal within the scan plane can cause severe artifacts when reconstructing X‐ray computed tomography (CT) scans. Both in clinical use and recent research, normalized metal artifact reduction (NMAR) has established as the reference method for correcting metal artifacts, but NMAR introduces inconsistencies within the sinogram, which can cause additional low‐frequency artifacts after image reconstruction.

Purpose

This paper introduces an extension to NMAR by applying a nonlinear scaling function (NLS‐NMAR) to reduce low‐frequency artifacts, which get introduced by the reconstruction of interpolation‐edge‐related sinogram inconsistencies in the normalized sinogram domain.

Methods

After linear interpolation of the metal trace, an NLS function is applied in the prior‐normalized sinogram domain to reduce the impact of the interpolation edges during filtered backprojection. After sinogram denormalization and image reconstruction, the low frequencies of the NLS image are combined with different high frequencies to restore anatomic details. An anthropomorphic dental phantom with removable metal inserts was utilized on two different CT systems to quantitatively assess the artifact reduction performance in terms of HU deviations and the root‐mean‐square‐error within relevant regions of interest. Clinical dental examples were assessed to qualitatively demonstrate the problem of the interpolation‐related blooming as well as to demonstrate the performance of the NLS function to reduce respective artifacts. To quantitatively prove HU consistency, HU values were assessed in central ROIs in the clinical cases. In addition, single clinical cases of a hip replacement and pedicle screws in the spine are shown to demonstrate the method's results in other body regions.

Results

The NLS‐NMAR can minimize the effect of interpolation‐related sinogram inconsistencies and thus reduce resulting hyperdense blooming artifacts. In the phantom results, the reconstructions with the NLS‐NMAR‐corrected low frequencies demonstrate the lowest error. In the qualitative assessment of the clinical data, the NLS‐NMAR shows a tremendous enhancement in image quality, also performing best within all assessed images series.

Conclusion

The NLS‐NMAR provides a small yet effective extension to conventional NMAR by reducing low‐frequency hyperdense metal trace‐interpolation‐related artifacts in computed tomography.
Synthesis of Vinyl Acetate Monomer Over PdCu Alloys: The Role of Surface Oxygenation in the Reaction Path
Authors: Gonzalez Caranton Alberth Renne , Schmal Martin , Checca Huaman Noemi Raquel , da Silva Pinto José Carlos
Published: May 2023

This work uses sol–gel and sonochemical methods to prepare bimetallic PdCu catalysts supported on modified ZrO2 with Ti and Al. The catalysts are tested for vinyl acetate synthesis from ethylene, acetic acid, and oxygen, varying the reaction temperature for two catalysts prepared, which show higher activity. Catalysts characterization results show bimetallic species and distort alloys with a dispersed distribution of active metal onto the support. The in situ reaction by DRIFT‐MS identifies the surface formation of main intermediates like palladium acetate monomers and mono and bidentate intermediates, associated to vinyl acetate formation, like vinyl hydrogenated species over PdCu. Finally, this behavior will be attributed to the bimetallic distortions of PdCu samples, provided by interaction effects between PdCu and supports, indicating a more exposition of PdCu species suitable for the reaction, according to high‐resolution transmission microscopy electron microscopy results for PdCu/ZrTi sample. Thus, this sample exhibits a minimal formation of sub‐products and catalytic stability for 18 hh. These results evidence the participation of hydroxyls and oxygen vacancies of the catalyst in the catalytic reaction measured in situ, monitoring the products formed at the reactor outlet. Finally, it is proposed a reaction pathway as a function of reaction conditions.
Dynamic behaviours of continuously reinforced concrete pavement on a layered transversely isotropic saturated subgrade under moving loads
Authors: Ai Zhi Yong , Wang Xing Kai , Wang Xiao Ming , Ye Zi , Yang Jun Jie
Published: May 2023

This paper aims to investigate the dynamic behaviour of continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) on a multi‐layered transversely isotropic saturated subgrade subjected to a moving load. The stress‐strain relationship of the CRCP is obtained based on classic lamination theory. Then, the differential governing equations of the pavement are established by D'Alembert's principle. Combining the Fourier series expansion and integral transform technique, the displacements of the CRCP in the wavenumber domain are derived. By introducing pavement‐subgrade interface conditions, the solution to the pavement‐subgrade system is acquired with the use of the extended precise integration method (PIM). The solution in the spatial domain is further obtained by the numerical inverse transform. The presented method and the corresponding program are verified. Finally, parametric studies are conducted to determine the effects of the reinforcement ratio and position, the load velocity and the subgrade stiffness.
The relationship and functional links between human age, growth, and biomedical implants: A review on the application of bulk and nanomaterials
Authors: Oladele Isiaka Oluwole , Onuh Linus Nnabuike , Agbeboh Newton Itua , Alewi David Damilola , Lephuthing Senzeni Sipho
Published: May 2023

Biomaterials are synthetic materials used in making devices for replacing parts of a living being and to function efficiently while interacting with living tissue. Contrary to orthodox medicine in which damaged parts are amputated, the emergence of biomaterials has changed the trend. Different biomaterials including biomedical implants are being developed for different uses within the biomedical field. Thus, biomedical implants are a rapidly advancing class of biomaterials that are currently used for the replacement of diseased parts or damaged tissues in the human body which may be either soft or hard tissues. These materials are developed to meet the structural and biocompatibility needs; hence, they are expected to be safe and acceptable to the human body system as the patient grows. Therefore, the age group and growth rate of the patients that need biomedical implants are parts of the critical factors that required adequate attention. Accordingly, this paper reviews the effects of the human age group and growth on the characteristics and responses of biomedical implants developed from bulk or nanomaterials for use in the human body system. Since, growth is a function of the age group in humans, and the three major age groups respond to growth at different rates, thus, the need to pay adequate attention to this. The review provides suitable information on the demand from each age group and provides the necessary guides on the selection of appropriate biomaterials with respect to age and growth. Hence, the need to have classifications of implants referring to; childhood implants, adolescent implants, and adult implants that focused on challenges that are common to each group.
Multilevel‐in‐width training for deep neural network regression
Authors: Ponce Colin , Li Ruipeng , Mao Christina , Vassilevski Panayot
Published: May 2023

A common challenge in regression is that for many problems, the degrees of freedom required for a high‐quality solution also allows for overfitting. Regularization is a class of strategies that seek to restrict the range of possible solutions so as to discourage overfitting while still enabling good solutions, and different regularization strategies impose different types of restrictions. In this paper, we present a multilevel regularization strategy that constructs and trains a hierarchy of neural networks, each of which has layers that are wider versions of the previous network's layers. We draw intuition and techniques from the field of Algebraic Multigrid (AMG), traditionally used for solving linear and nonlinear systems of equations, and specifically adapt the Full Approximation Scheme (FAS) for nonlinear systems of equations to the problem of deep learning. Training through V‐cycles then encourage the neural networks to build a hierarchical understanding of the problem. We refer to this approach as multilevel‐in‐width to distinguish from prior multilevel works which hierarchically alter the depth of neural networks. The resulting approach is a highly flexible framework that can be applied to a variety of layer types, which we demonstrate with both fully connected and convolutional layers. We experimentally show with PDE regression problems that our multilevel training approach is an effective regularizer, improving the generalize performance of the neural networks studied.
After COVID‐19, what's next for colleges?
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: May 2023

To begin, while higher education in the United States is currently stable, Fitch Ratings Service has taken a pessimistic view of the sector's future. According to the bond rating agency, enrollment instability, inflation, and the impact of the “great resignation” will impact the stability of U.S. colleges and universities in the year, and years, to come.
CUNY hires first Inclusion Coordinator for veterans
Authors: Elfman Lois
Published: May 2023

Although 26% of the student‐veterans attending colleges within the City University of New York system are women, U.S. Army veteran Jessica Funes recalled that as a student she often felt invisible. She earned a master's degree in human rights at CUNY John Jay College of Criminal Justice so she could become a veterans advocate.
Glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide monoclonal antibodies prevent and treat obesity in wild‐type and hyperphagic mice
Authors: Wolfe M. Michael , Apovian Caroline M. , Boylan Michael O.
Published: May 2023

Objective

This study aimed to investigate whether a glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) monoclonal antibody (mAb) will promote weight loss in wild‐type mice and to determine effects of this mAb in preventing weight gain in ob/ob mice.

Methods

Phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) or GIP mAb was injected intraperitoneally to wild‐type mice fed a 60% high‐fat diet (HFD). After 12 weeks, mice that received PBS were divided into two groups and were fed a 37% HFD for 5 weeks; one group received PBS, and one group received GIP mAb. In a separate study, PBS or GIP mAb was injected intraperitoneally to ob/ob mice fed normal mouse chow for 8 weeks.

Results

PBS‐treated mice gained significantly more than those treated with GIP mAb, with no difference in food consumption detected. Obese mice fed a 37% HFD and PBS continued to gain weight (+2.1% ± 0.9%), whereas mice administered GIP mAb lost 4.1% ± 1.4% body weight (p < 0.01). Leptin‐deficient mice consumed similar amounts of chow, and, after 8 weeks, the PBS‐ and GIP mAb‐treated mice gained 250.4% ± 9.1% and 192.4% ± 7.3%, respectively (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

These studies support the hypothesis that a reduction in GIP signaling appears to affect body weight without suppressing food intake and might provide a novel, useful method for the treatment and prevention of obesity.
Determination of 44 major components and chemical profiling of saccharide in Chinese medicinal formula Lanqin Oral Liquid
Authors: Zhao Heng‐Li , Liu Run‐Zhou , Ding Meng , Fan Ya‐Liu , Lin Bin‐Bin , Lu Hong‐Wei , Wen Xiao‐Dong , Li Ping , Yang Hua
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Lanqin Oral Liquid (LQL) is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation (TCMP) containing five herbal medicines and has been commonly used for the treatment of pharyngitis and hand‐foot‐and‐mouth disease in clinic. The material basis of LQL has been reported in our previous study, but the contents of the major components and the features of saccharide in LQL are still unclear.

Objectives

This study aimed to establish accurate and rapid methods for the quantification of the major components and profiling of saccharide in LQL. The quantitative results combined with similarity evaluation were applied to improve the quality control of LQL.

Methodology

An ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple‐quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QQQ‐MS) method was utilised to determine 44 major components. Cosine similarity was used to evaluate the similarities among 20 batches of LQL based on the quantitative results of 44 major components. The physicochemical properties, structure, composition, and contents of saccharide in LQL were detected by a combination of chemical and instrumental analysis.

Results

A total of 44 compounds, including flavonoids, iridoid glycosides, alkaloids, and nucleosides, were accurately determined. The 20 batches of LQL were remarkably similar (> 0.95). In addition, d‐glucose, galactose, d‐glucuronic acid, arabinose, and d‐mannose were detected in saccharide of LQL. The contents of saccharide in LQL were 13.52–21.09 mg/ml.

Conclusions

The established methods can be applied for the comprehensive quality control of LQL, including characterisation of saccharide and quantification of representative components. Our study will provide a robust chemical foundation for disclosing the quality markers of its therapeutic effect.
Reinforcing behavior of reclaimed rubber filled natural rubber composites
Authors: Yao Huidan , Dong Hailing , Feng Xincong , Yang Huiru , Ma Yongjie , Zhou Qi , Zhao Hongying , Zhang Ping , Sun Chong
Published: May 2023

With the growing volume of waste rubber products, the pressures on the environment and resources become increasingly serious. The reclamation of waste rubber products is one of the practical methods to meet this challenge. Therefore, the application of reclaimed rubber (RR) attracts researchers’ attention. In this work, different contents of natural rubber (NR) matrix are replaced by RR and the reinforcing behavior of the RR phase is discussed. The results show that the crosslinking density, Payne effect and 100% modulus increase with increase in RR content in the NR/RR blends when the RR content is not more than 60 phr, and then drop when the RR content gets to 80 phr. It is inferred that both the NR and the RR constitute co‐continuous phases when the RR content is 60 phr, and the RR phase is the only continuous phase when its content reaches 80 phr, which can be confirmed by SEM observation. Besides, the curing rate is enhanced with increase of the RR content. It is also found that structures with high crosslinking density appear when the RR is incorporated into the NR matrix. Finally, it is proposed that carbon black in the RR, a structure with high crosslinking density and a continuous rubber matrix are important factors influencing the reinforcement behaviour in RR filled rubber composites. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
On the hydroperoxyl radical scavenging activity of estrogens in lipid and aqueous media: A theoretical study
Authors: Hernández‐Hernández María F. , Tejeda‐Medina Eduardo A. , Espinoza César , Medina Manuel E.
Published: May 2023

Despite the evidence on the antioxidant capability of estrogens, little is known about their reaction mechanism involved. According to the above, this work was carried out on the hydroperoxyl radical scavenging activity of three estrogens—estriol (EST), estradiol (ESD), and estrone (ESO)—in lipid and aqueous media by theoretical methodologies employing the DFT. In lipid and aqueous media, hydrogen transfer was the main reaction mechanism on the hydroperoxyl radical scavenging of EST, ESD, and ESO. The reaction rate constants calculated in lipid media were 1.08 × 106, 8.39 × 104, and 6.43 × 104 M−1 s−1 for the EST, ESD, and ESO, respectively. The reaction rate constants calculated in aqueous media were 3.00 × 106, 3.58 × 106, and 1.05 × 108 M−1 s−1 on the hydroperoxyl radical scavenging activity of EST, ESD, and ESO, respectively. The results also showed that the EST, ESD, and ESO estrogens could scavenge high reactivity radicals through the SET mechanism in aqueous media. In lipid media, estrogens are moderate antioxidants, whereas in aqueous media, these are good antioxidants. These theoretical results support the intrinsic antioxidant activity of EST, ESD, and ESO estrogens in lipid and aqueous media.
Structure and elasticity of healthy and Alzheimer's disease cell membranes revealed by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Mai Thi Ly , Nguyen Hoa Thi , Derreumaux Philippe , Nguyen Phuong H.
Published: May 2023

Interactions of amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides with neuronal membrane are associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ganglioside monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) lipids have been shown to form clusters that induce the structural conversion of Aβ and promote the incorporation of Aβ into the membrane via the membrane surface electrical potential. Prior to the onset of AD symptoms, GM1 clusters may not have formed but the concentration of GM1 may have already changed, and our question is whether this early concentration modification affects the structure and mechanical properties of the membrane. Using one model for healthy cell membranes and three models for AD cell membranes, we carry out 2 µs all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations for each model to compare the structure and elasticity of the two membrane types. The simulations show that at the physiological concentration, 1%–3%, GM1 does not form clusters. The reduction of the GM1 lipid does not significantly alter the area per lipid, the membrane thickness, and the lipid order parameters of the AD membranes. However, the dipole potential, the bending, and twist moduli are decreased for the AD membranes. We suggest that these changes in the AD membranes are factors that could trigger the interaction and incorporation of Aβ to the membranes. Finally, we show that changes in the sphingomyelin lipid concentrations do not affect the membrane structure and elasticity.
Automatic multi‐label temporal bone computed tomography segmentation with deep learning
Authors: Zhou Langtao , Li Zhenhua
Published: May 2023

Background

Manually segmenting temporal bone computed tomography (CT) images is difficult. Despite accurate automatic segmentation in previous studies using deep learning, they did not consider clinical differences, such as variations in CT scanners. Such differences can significantly affect the accuracy of segmentation.

Methods

Our dataset included 147 scans from three different scanners, and we used Res U‐Net, SegResNet, and UNETR neural networks to segment four structures: the ossicular chain (OC), internal auditory canal (IAC), facial nerve (FN), and labyrinth (LA).

Results

The experimental results yielded high mean Dice similarity coefficients of 0.8121, 0.8809, 0.6858, 0.9329, and a low mean of 95% Hausdorff distances of 0.1431 mm, 0.1518 mm, 0.2550 mm, and 0.0640 mm for OC, IAC, FN, and LA, respectively.

Conclusions

This study shows that automated deep learning‐based segmentation techniques successfully segment temporal bone structures using CT data from different scanners. Our research can further promote its clinical application.