bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Características clínico- epidemiológicas de relacionadas a los pacientes con covid -19 del Hospital Nacional Dos De Mayo de junio a setiembre en el año 2020
Authors:   , Vidal Rosales Angela De Jesús
Published: August 2023

OBJETIVO: el objetivo es identificar las características clínico epidemiológicas, siendo estos tales como la edad, genero, comorbilidades, manifestaciones clínicas, laboratoriales e imágenes de los pacientes con COVID-19 del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo de Junio a Setiembre en el año 2020. METODOLOGIA: se realizó un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo, retrospectivo, transversal, observacional y correlacional; este estudio está basado en 289 historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID 19 en el Hospital Dos De Mayo del año 2020. RESULTADO: Se identificaron las características epidemiológicas de los pacientes con COVID-19 del Hospital Nacional Dos De Mayo de junio a setiembre en el año 2020; siendo estos varones (67.9%) con un rango de edad de 40 a 60 años (43.6%). La frecuencia respiratoria mayor de 22 rpm (78.7%), seguida de un PaO2/ FiO2 menor de 300 (76.7%), tos (70.0%), disnea (60.3%), fiebre (55.7%). Los leucocitos < 12 000/mm3 (58.2%), linfocitos < 1000/mm3 (40.1%), plaquetas ≥ 150 000/mm3 (95.8%), PCR ≥ 5 mg/l (91.6%), ferritina ≥ 300 mg/ml (81.2%). Los hallazgos radiológicos (tomografías y radiografías de tórax) fueron en su mayoría anormales (99.3%). CONCLUSIONES: Las características clínico epidemiológicas nos brindan un pronóstico de la evolución del paciente y nos indican si están en un cuadro critico; por ello es necesario tenerlas en cuenta para su manejo respectivo.
Factores de riesgo asociados a las complicaciones de las hernioplastías inguinales en pacientes operados en el Hospital Regional de Ica del 2017 al 2019
Authors:   , Cabrera Velasquez Melissa Kathia
Published: August 2023

Objetivo. Determinar los factores de riesgo asociados a las complicaciones de las hernioplastías inguinales en pacientes operados en el Hospital Regional de Ica del 2017 al 2019. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional, transversal, retrospectiva, analítica, de casos y controles comparándose 33 pacientes con complicaciones posoperatorias por hernioplastias inguinal con 66 pacientes que no presentaron complicaciones. Resultados: El 60.6% (60) de pacientes eran de edades de 50 a más años, 73.7% (73) de sexo masculino, 10.1% (10) tienen obesidad, 7.1% (7) tienen como hábito nocivo el tabaquismo y el 12.1% (12) eran diabéticos. Las complicaciones posoperatorias de las hernioplastias inguinales son más frecuentes en los que tienen edades de 50 a más años 75.8% OR=2.8 (IC95%: 1.09 – 7.02). Las complicaciones de las hernioplastias inguinales se presentan proporcionalmente con similar incidencia en ambos sexos. La obesidad es una condición que incrementa la posibilidad de tener complicaciones posoperatorias en las hernioplastias inguinales, existiendo 21.2% (7) OR=5.6 (IC95%: 1.36 – 23.6). Las complicaciones posoperatorias de las hernioplastias inguinales son más frecuentes en los que tienen como hábito nocivo el tabaquismo 18.2% (6) OR=14.4 (IC95%: 1.66 – 125.76). Las complicaciones posoperatorias por hernioplastias inguinales se presentaron en el 24.2% (8) de los pacientes diabéticos OR=4.9 (IC95%: 1.37 – 17.96). Conclusiones: La edad de 50 a más años, la obesidad, el tabaquismo y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 son factores de riesgo para complicaciones de las hernioplastias inguinales. El sexo no es un factor de riesgo para complicaciones de las hernioplastias inguinales.
Factores de riesgos predominantes asociados a infecciones urinarias recurrentes en menores de 15 años en el Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolome en 2016-2020
Authors:   , Arroyo Podobnik Joel Alberto
Published: August 2023

La infección de las vías urinarias es una patología frecuente en la población pediátrica, por lo que el médico general, el pediatra y los involucrados en el manejo del niño afectado están en la obligación de conocer las actualizaciones sobre el mecanismo fisiopatológico, métodos diagnósticos y tratamientos actuales. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgos predominantes asociados a infecciones urinarias recurrentes en menores de 15 años en el Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé en 2016-2020. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, transversal y analítico, de casos y controles. Se estudiaron a 162 pacientes menores de 15 años divididos en dos grupos: 54 con diagnóstico de ITU recurrente y 108 controles con ITU sin recurrencia. Se realizó análisis bivariado con la prueba Chi–cuadrado y Odds Ratio con intervalo de confianza al 95%, considerando p<0,05 como significativamente estadístico. Resultados: El reflujo vesicoureteral fue el factor asociado con mayor predominancia y de riesgo para infecciones urinarias recurrentes (p=0.001). La presencia de estreñimiento mostro asociación y se comporta como factor de riesgo para la recurrencia (p=0.003). La vejiga neurogénica de la misma manera está asociado y es factor de riesgo (p=0.016). El uro patógeno más frecuente en las ITU recurrente fue E.Coli (88.90%). Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo predominantes asociados a infecciones urinarias recurrentes en menores de 15 años son: reflujo vesico ureteral, ureterocele, estenosis ureteropiélica, anomalía uretral, estreñimiento, vejiga neurogénica.
Nivel de conocimiento sobre ruptura prematura de membranas en internos de Medicina Humana del Hospital Nacional Sergio Bernales durante el período 2022
Authors:   , De la Cruz Jorges Sofia Mercedes
Published: August 2023

Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre sobre ruptura prematura de membranas en internos de Medicina Humana del Hospital Nacional Sergio Bernales durante el período 2022. Materiales y métodos: Tipo de investigación observacional prospectivo y transversal. Nivel de investigación descriptivo. La población total fue de 165 internos de Medicina Humana del Hospital Nacional Sergio Bernales durante el período 2022. Se usó como instrumento un cuestionario que consta de 26 preguntas validado por expertos y se estableció una escala de mediciones con el método de Baremo, se recopilaron los datos y se analizaron con el programa Excel. Conclusiones: Se concluyó que el nivel de conocimiento sobre ruptura prematura de membranas de los internos de Medicina Humana del Hospital Nacional Sergio Bernales es 48% con un nivel de conocimiento medio, 20% con un nivel alto y 32% con un nivel bajo. Respecto a los factores de riesgo de la ruptura prematura de membranas se obtuvo que el 45% presenta un nivel de conocimiento alto, el 41% un nivel medio y el 14% un nivel bajo. Sobre los métodos diagnósticos de la ruptura prematura de membranas, un 5% presenta un alto nivel de conocimiento, el 57% un nivel medio y un 38% un nivel bajo. Acerca del tratamiento de la ruptura prematura de membranas, el 3% presenta un alto nivel de conocimiento, el 53% un nivel medio y el 44% un nivel bajo.
Diagnóstico precoce de doenças mamárias usando imagens térmicas e aprendizado de máquina
Authors:   Universidade Federal Fluminense, Resmini Roger , Conci Aura ,   Universidade Federal Fluminense, Borchartt Tiago Bonini ,   Universidade Federal Fluminense, Lima Rita de Cássia Fernandes de ,   Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Montenegro Anselmo Antunes ,   Universidade Federal Fluminense, Pantaleão Cristina Asvolinsque ,   Universidade Federal Fluminense
Published: August 2023

O câncer é uma doença que se origina de células mutantes, sem causas bem conhecidas ainda, que se reproduzem descontroladamente, aumentando a perfusão sanguínea e, consequentemente, ocasionando um aumento da temperatura da região tumoral. Essa temperatura é irradiada para a pele e pode ser medida por diversos dispositivos como termômetros e a câmeras térmicas. Na termografia médica (por câmeras infravermelho), após a aquisição da imagem térmica, é feita a análise e identificação de padrões térmicos. Tendo em vista que o corpo humano é um sistema praticamente simétrico em relação ao plano sagital (i.e. ao plano que divide o corpo em parte direita e esquerda), a presença de uma grande alteração no padrão térmico entre as mamas esquerda e direita, é um importante indício de presença de patologias. Este trabalho tem por objetivo verificar a viabilidade do uso de técnicas de reconhecimento de padrões na classificação das imagens disponíveis no projeto ProENG com pacientes saudáveis ou com portadoras de alguma patologia da mama. Para tanto, destas imagens são extraídas características que permitirão a sua classificação através de técnicas de Inteligência Artificial. Utilizou-se características de três grupos distintos: estatísticas simples, baseadas na geometria fractal e características de fundamentação geoestatística. Foram testados três classificadores, SVM, KNN e Naïve Bayes e duas técnicas de redução de características: PCA e Ganho de Informação. Os resultados se mostraram bastante promissores com uma acurácia próxima de 90% e área abaixo da curva ROC próxima de 0,9%.
Sistema de custo para o terceiro setor: um estudo de uma instituição de longa permanência de idosos no Alto Vale do Itajaí (SC)
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Marian Sérgio , Lunardi Micheli Aparecida
Published: August 2023

Todo administrador necessita de dados e informações sobre as atividades realizadas pela entidade, independente do ramo de atuação. Nas entidades sem fins lucrativos a importância dos dados e informações é ainda maior para o gerenciamento devido aos escassos recursos e a dependência de auxílio, seja por meio de doações financeiras ou trabalho voluntário. Para conhecer quais os dados e informações, especialmente relacionados aos custos, foi realizado um estudo em uma Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos – ILPI do Alto Vale do Itajaí – SC. O estudo teve por objetivo identificar os custos, por cada hóspede, que a entidade tem para prestar seus serviços. Utilizou-se para a coleta de dados, a pesquisa exploratória por meio de um estudo de caso, numa abordagem quali-quantitativa. Com a coleta de dados, efetuada por meio de documentos e entrevistas não estruturadas, obteve-se o levantamento dos gastos para alocar em cada departamento e posteriormente evidenciar o custo de cada hóspede. A pesquisa foi realizada durante os quatro primeiros meses de 2011 e foi possível identificar que os custos dos hóspedes oscilaram entre R$ 1.204,00 a R$ 1.713,50 de acordo com o grau de dependência, seguindo critérios definidos pela ANVISA.
Program Desa Binaan STAIN Teungku Dirundeng Meulaboh di Gampong Pasi Mesjid Kecamatan Meureubo Kabupaten Aceh Barat
Authors: Efendi Sumardi , Hamdi Syaibatul , Saputra Fedry , Iqbal Muhammad , SH Hendra , Safitri Aini , Zulhendra Danil , Kasih Dar , Ramli
Published: August 2023

Foster Village is a community development program that aims to improve the quality of life in rural areas. This program focuses on various aspects of community development, such as education, the economy, and community empowerment. This program was implemented by STAIN Teungku Dirundeng Meulaboh in Gampong Pasi Mesjid, Meureubo District, West Aceh Regency from October 28 to November 28, 2022. Activities in this study used the Participatory Action Research (PAR) mentoring method, from the research results it was concluded that the Assisted Village program by The campus aims to develop the village so that it becomes an independent village and improves the welfare of the village community. This program also provides learning opportunities and contributions for program participants and involves campuses, lecturers, and students in village development efforts.
Cyber Security Imperatives and Pakistan’s Readiness: A Brief Overview
Authors: Yasin Mohammad
Published: August 2023

With increasing use of the Internet and its free for all availability, the cyber space is expanding making it easier for hackers to target infrastructure and services. The next war between adversaries will be a cyber war. The country stronger in cyber warfare will win without even taking to the battlefield. This paper describes the types of cyber threats; advantages cyber-attackers have; categories of cyber-attacks; threats to data; and information confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA). It also highlights the possible targets of cyber-attacks; and the type of leadership needed in the cyber security and cyber war environment. The study aims at creating awareness in Pakistan’s policymakers and other stakeholders about prevailing cyber threats and making recommendations to mitigate the dangers. Finally, some Pakistan-specific recommendations are included to mitigate the threats to the country’s cyber security.
Governance and Civic Capacity for the Provision of Drinking Water in Urban Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Maha , Naveed Iftikhar Muhammad , Shakeel Komal , Hayat Cheema Khawer
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyse governance and civic capacity for service delivery in the drinking water sector in urban Sindh, Pakistan. The research was designed to systematically analyse the patterns of success and failure of drinking water initiatives in Hyderabad and Sukkur using qualitative methodology with Focus Group Discussion and interviews to understand the roles of collective action, partnerships, local experiences and cooperation alongside governmental and regulatory oversight related to drinking water. It highlights incentives for different actors involved in infrastructure development and maintenance, pricing and regulation. Case studies of collective action in the drinking water sector across Sindh have also been discussed. The main findings of the study are that piped drinking water quality remains poor in emerging cities like Hyderabad and Sukkur and citizen participation in water governance is very limited due to the obstructionist attitudes of local water management bureaucracy. Participatory approaches in governance can be used to harness action from the community in designing, planning and overseeing water service delivery. When used effectively, such models can help inform policymakers, improve knowledge about existing infrastructure, enhance access to information and reduce corruption.
Micorremediación de cadmio con fungus ligninolítico: un tratamiento de aguas residuales
Authors: Paredes Salazar José Luis
Published: August 2023

En esta investigación se tuvo por objetivo determinar la eficiencia de fungis ligninolíticos para la micorremediación de cadmio. Se aislaron 8 fungis ligninolíticos (Trametes elegan, Ganoderma applanatum, Coriolopsis polizona, Earliellascabrosa, Picnoporus sanguineus, Schizophyllum commune, Pleurotus ostreatus, Polyporus craterellus), éstos fueron inducidos en concentraciones de cadmio a 10, 40 y 70 mg/L por 14 días. Earliella scabrosa presentó mayor desarrollo en todas las concentraciones. Posteriormente se realizaron los ensayos en biorreactores airlift con soluciones de 100, 300 y 500 mg/L, adicionando un inóculo de 100ml de E. scabrosa, extracto de levadura como inductor (0,1%) y glucosa como co-metabolito (0,25g/L). El tiempo de operación fue de 20 días, el pH de 5,65 a 7,24, temperatura promedio de 29,8°C, el O2 disuelto de 3,49 a 7,3 mg/L y CO2 de 0,02 a 2,63 mg/L. La remoción de cadmio a las concentraciones de 100, 300 y 500mg/L fueron de 86%, 76% y 83% respectivamente. Estadísticamentese determinó que existe diferencia significativa entre los tratamientos aplicados con una confiabilidad del 95%.
Digital Literacy Online Learning under COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors:   The Lebanese University, Lebanon., Yazigy Rula
Published: August 2023

The 2020 pandemic outbreak changed the lives of people globally in different ways: psychological, social, economic and educational. New terms have entered the use of daily language: social distancing, self-quarantine, the digital divide, etc. In the field of education, the outbreak of COVID19 forced schools worldwide to close, parents to work at home, and students to attend virtual classes. We now talk of online teaching, distance learning, hybrid learning, and remote learning transition. This paper aims at studying whether these changes mark digital literacy via studying Lebanese high-school students’ perception of online learning under COVID-19 lockdown. A questionnaire of 10 items aiming to identify the students’ educational psychological, social and emotional reactions to the online experience was distributed to EFL Lebanese high-school students in different areas in Lebanon. One hundred and twenty four students reacted to the questionnaire. Fifteen of these were interviewed to share an open-ended discussion on the second academic year of online learning. Based on the findings, the conclusion was made on whether we are living in the age of digital literacy.
An analysis of the development of CALL literacy during Spanish lockdown in an English for Tourism course.
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain, Ibañez Moreno Ana
Published: August 2023

This paper presents the strategies that were implemented –in order to support the new students’ needs– in a course of English for Specific Purposes, more specifically, English for Tourism II, from the Degree in Tourism of UNED, the Spanish National University of Distance Education, during the period of strict lockdown due to the crisis caused by COVID-19 pandemic (from March 14 to the beginning of June 2020). UNED has traditionally been based on blended learning, so students develop, through their studies, Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) literacy (Tafazoli, 2014, 2017). Even if technology is, and has been, the most essential support tool for teaching and learning, some activities that were developed before the crisis in a face-to-face format such as mentoring sessions, the final exams had to be offered exclusively online. The acquisitionof new digital skills (Dudeney et al., 2013) was thus challenging for both mentors, teachers and students. In this paper, a comparative analysis between the academic years 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 is carried out, in order to analyze the differences between both periods, and to obtain data on how the shift to a fully online course under a lockdown context affected students’ performance. In this sense, the main research question posed here is: is there a difference in students’ performance and results between the two academic years? Another research question, deriving from the main one, is: how can students’ computer assisted language learning and/or digital literacy skills be encouraged through motivation? Results show that students were more involved and motivated in the course in 2019-2020, and that the marks obtained were significantly higher.
An Attempt to Track English Functionality in the Use of English by Youth Syrian Refugees in Lebanon: How often do they use the English Language and for what Purposes? A Qualitative-Descriptive Case Study
Authors:   Doctorate School, English department, Lebanese University, Lebanon., Amhaz Inass
Published: August 2023

UNESCO (2020) identifies functionally literate person as a person who can engage in all those activities in which literacy is required for effective function of his or her group and community and also for enabling him or her to continue to use reading, writing, and calculation for his or her own and the community’s development. This case study aims at exploring the frequency of usage of English language literacy skills (comprehension and text processing) in activities related to protection, career development, education, immigration, socialization and globalization. This qualitative- descriptive study is conducted on displaced Syrian students who are above eighteen and have achieved APTIS A1 level of English in Lebanon in summer 2019. Participants who are convenient samples of their population are given reliable and valid survey questionnaires. The questionnaire is divided into 2 sections. The first section includes demographic information about the participants and the second section includes five activities. Each activity includes 4 statements which the participants have to mark the convenient frequency of using English literacy skills per each of them. The data are presented in statistical tables/ graphs. Results are drawn to rate the usage of English literacy skills per each statement and per each activity as a whole using the scientific program for statistical studies(SPSS). Conclusion and recommendations help linguists and researches to seek ways to develop literacy curriculums/programs which enable this population and other ones in the MENA region who have similar context (over 18, study English as a foreign language, displaced or refugees….) to study and use English functionally for their own and their communities’ development.
In Pursuit of an Optimal Model of Teacher Talk
Authors:   Arab Open University, Lebanon, Al-Khatib Hayat , Harbali Amina , Sleiman Ralph , Korfali Fida
Published: August 2023

The increasing interest in optimal teaching and learning frames after Coronavirus lockdown (Nunes, 2021; UNICEF, 2020; Coman, Tiru, Mesesan Schmitz, Stanciu & Bularca, 2020) identified new roles allocated to teachers and learners and revived the age-long debate between didactics and dialogics in evaluating teacher talk (Gemertz, 2020; Coman, Tiru, Mesesan Schmitz, Stanciu & Bularca, 2020). Gewertz (2020), Davis (2011) and Zhou & Zhou (2002) interrogate teacher talk time (TTT) and its dominance of classroom talk. The study traces the didactic and dialogic models and addresses their main characteristics and ideals through a quasi-experiment in an attempt to put forth a tangible teacher talk model. Thirty-two participants working in the field of education took part in a quasi-experiment then completed a survey questionnaire based on the quasi-experiment, followed by small group discussions, to identify the componential values, objectives, characteristics of teacher talk and ways of maximizing participants’ talk time. The replies identified the epistemological nature of teacher talk makes it a necessary component in any model of teaching be it didactic or dialogic. Furthermore, the study proposed that teacher talk time (TTT) and student talk time (STT) should not be perceived as fixed notions but rather proportional entities that vary according to the estimated knowledge thresholds of the learners.
Deciphering deep-sea chemosynthetic symbiosis by single-nucleus RNA- sequencing
Authors: Wang Hao , He Kai , Zhang Huan , Zhang Quanyong , Cao Lei , Li Jing , Zhong Zhaoshan , Chen Hao , Zhou Li , Lian Chao , Wang Minxiao , Chen Kai , Qian Pei-Yuan , Li Chaolun
Published: August 2023

Bathymodioline mussels dominate deep-sea methane seep and hydrothermal vent habitats and obtain nutrients and energy primarily through chemosynthetic endosymbiotic bacteria in the bacteriocytes of their gill. However, the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate mussel host- symbiont interactions remain unclear. Here, we constructed a comprehensive cell atlas of the gill in the mussel
Gigantidas platifrons
from the South China Sea methane seeps (1100m depth) using single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and whole-mount
in situ
hybridisation. We identified 13 types of cells, including three previously unknown ones, uncovered unknown tissue heterogeneity. Every cell type has a designated function in supporting the gill’s structure and function, creating an optimal environment for chemosynthesis, and effectively acquiring nutrients from the endosymbiotic bacteria. Analysis of snRNA-seq of
in situ
transplanted mussels clearly showed the shifts in cell state in response to environmental oscillations. Our findings provide insight into principles of host-symbiont interaction and the bivalves’ environmental adaption mechanisms.
Kirjanik Valev Uibopuu perekondlik kirjavahetus eksiilis: ühise kirjade ruumi loomine distantsi lühendamise abi
Authors:   University of Helsinki, Finland, Hukka Anna
Published: August 2023

Writer Valev Uibopuu (1913–1997) lived in exile from 1943 to 1991. During the whole exile period he carried on an active correspondence. Especially important was the correspondence with his first wife, journalist and writer Tuuli Reijonen, which started in 1943, and the correspondence with his family members who lived in Estonia, which started in 1953. These two family correspondences lay the foundation for this article. I try to find out how was it possible to cross – or at least shorten – the physical and temporal distance between the writer and the reader and to create a common space of communication at the same time. The hermeneutic and empathetic approach has helped me to examine the letters. I approach letters as a communicative, social, and textual space which is created in the writer’s and reader’s dialogue, and which also creates their relationship. At least two worlds meet in this space of letters: the writer’s and reader’s physical and temporal places; in the case of a refugee it also means an encounter between a new and an old place. I found at least four different ways how to cross the distance in Uibopuu’s family correspondence: creating a common moment of communication, creating a feeling of mental and physical closeness, expressing the writer’s and reader’s own places, and remembering the lost home together. The writer could create the common moment of communication by using the present tense, “talking” to the reader, using forms of addressing, and guessing the place and time of reading the letter. The writer could also demonstrate the feeling of mental and physical closeness by expressing textually touching, proximity and active thinking of the other party. The reader, in turn, could move in thoughts to the writer’s place by reading the writer’s expressions of her/his own place, like the weather and the atmosphere. And by remembering the common lost home, the writer and reader together could move in thoughts to the common place of the past. With these means of crossing the distance penfriends had a chance to create a common communicative, social, and transnational space of letters.
Bidirectional encoder representations from transformers and deep learning model for analyzing smartphone-related tweets
Authors: R Sudheesh , Mujahid Muhammad , Rustam Furqan , Mallampati Bhargav , Chunduri Venkata , de la Torre Díez Isabel , Ashraf Imran
Published: August 2023

Nearly six billion people globally use smartphones, and reviews about smartphones provide useful feedback concerning important functions, unique characteristics, etc. Social media platforms like Twitter contain a large number of such reviews containing feedback from customers. Conventional methods of analyzing consumer feedback such as business surveys or questionnaires and focus groups demand a tremendous amount of time and resources, however, Twitter’s reviews are unstructured and manual analysis is laborious and time-consuming. Machine learning and deep learning approaches have been applied for sentiment analysis, but classification accuracy is low. This study utilizes a transformer-based BERT model with the appropriate preprocessing pipeline to obtain higher classification accuracy. Tweets extracted using Tweepy SNS scrapper are used for experiments, while fine-tuned machine and deep learning models are also employed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can obtain a 99% classification accuracy for three sentiments.
Analysis of technical characteristics of typical lower limb balance movements in Tai Chi: a cross-sectional study based on AnyBody bone muscle modeling
Authors: Li Haojie , Wang Xin , Du Zhihao , Shen Shunze
Published: August 2023

Background

Tai Chi is an excellent traditional Chinese physical fitness exercise, and its unique balancing movements are very important for improving human balance. In this study, the two most representative Tai Chi balance movements, “knee lift balance” and “leg stirrup balance”, were selected to establish the lower limb bone muscle model of Tai Chi balance movements by using computer simulation modeling technology, aiming to analyze the characteristics of the lower limb movement mechanisms of typical balance movements, to provide a quantitative theoretical basis for improving the scientific level of Tai Chi.

Method

A total of 16 subjects were recruited for this study. the BTS three-dimensional motion capture system and three-dimensional force platform were used for motion data acquisition, the physiological electromyographic signals were collected using BTS surface electromyography, and the lower limb bone muscle model of Tai Chi balance movements was established by AnyBody human simulation.

Result

In the knee lift balancing movement, the balance leg hip abduction/adduction angle, hip flexion/extension moment, and the strength of the rectus femoris muscle, biceps femoris short capitis, and iliacus muscle of the amateur group was significantly smaller than that of the professional group (P < 0.01). In the leg stirrup balance movement, the knee flexion/extension angle of the balancing leg in the amateur group was significantly greater than that in the professional group (P < 0.01), and the hip flexion/extension angle, hip inversion/abduction angle, knee flexion/extension moment, hip flexion/extension moment, the strength iliacus, gluteus maximus, and obturator internus were significantly smaller than those in the professional group (P < 0.01). The integral EMG of the biceps femoris of the support leg in the amateur group was significantly smaller than that of the professional group (P < 0.01). The integral EMG of the lateral femoral muscle of the balance leg was significantly smaller than that of the professional group (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

In this study, we found that the balancing leg of the balancing movement has a larger hip joint angle, the stirrup balancing knee joint angle is smaller, and the hip and knee joint moments are larger. This is related to joint activity and muscle activation, and amateurs should pay attention to increasing the range of motion of the hip joint and decreasing the range of motion of the knee joint when practicing to better stimulate exercise of the lower limb joints. In addition, the practice of balancing movements should strengthen the iliacus muscle, which plays an important role in maintaining the stable balance of the lower limbs, and strengthen the knee flexor and extensor muscles and hip adductor/abductor muscles of the balancing leg, thus promoting the stability of the balancing leg movements.
Effect of Flow Rate on Smoke Control System for Railway Tunnel Fire
Authors: Ha Yejin , Jeon Joonho
Published: August 2023

Tunnel is a semi-closed structure with a high risk of fire becuse of difficulty of smoke exhaust and restricted evacuation route in fire. No specific guidelines on smoke control systems have been developed for railway tunnels. Therefore, in the railway tunnel design, an average airflow velocity of 2.5 m/s inside a tunnel for the entry and exit of workers has been used as a reference. In this study, a fire simulation conducted to examine whether the average flow velocity can sufficiently apply on smoke control system in railway tunnel design. An 870-m-long railway tunnel with a single track and double track was modeled, and fire scenarios for light rail cars were simulated. It was found that the reference flow velocity showed sufficient smoke control performance, even at a maximum fire source of 60 MW. However, evacuees might be exposed to smoke due to the backlayer formed immediately. Furthermore, the smoke control performance for the reference velocity does not reflect the influence of the tunnel length. It is necessary to conduct a study on standard for appropriate smoke control performance to reduce fire risk in a railway tunnel fire.
Risk Factors in the Natural Habitat of Fish: A Review
Authors: Jan Saima , Gul Shahid , Iqbal Gowhar , Bhat F. A.
Published: August 2023

Fish can be found in abundance in most bodies of water. Despite the fact that no species has yet been detected in the deepest 25% of the ocean, they are present in almost every aquatic environment, from the abyssal and even hadal depths of the deepest oceans (where they can be found as cusk-eels and snailfish) to the high mountain streams. Habitat destruction is the leading cause of biodiversity loss. The rise in nutrient loading, particularly nitrogen, is one of the main factors contributing to habitat degradation. Trawling diminishes the environment’s complexity by removing sedimentary features and biogenic structures like sponges, bryozoans, and shell aggregates. The construction of dams on tidal rivers has harmed estuarine habitat: estuary community structure, water chemistry, food webs, and loss of freshwater and estuary habitats. Since 1950, the catch of fishes associated with coral reefs has declined by 60% per unit of effort. Ever growing human populations and acidity have significantly impacted fish diversity. The literature reviewed unequivocally demonstrated how anthropogenic effects have altered ichthyofauna and reduced biodiversity in aquatic environments around the globe. Identifying current and potential habitat hazards and the conservation and improvement actions required to eliminate or minimise those concerns is crucial in determining important fish habitats.
Protein Levels in Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokīn Infested Tomato Fruit Borer Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae)
Authors: Yamini R. , Shanmugam P. S. , Murugan M. , Geetha N. , Meenakshi P. , Kandan A.
Published: August 2023

The tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae), is responsible for significant yield losses in tomatoes and employing chemical pesticides leads to unwarranted environmental issues. The use of entomopathogens in tomato Integrated Pest Management reduces the dependency on chemical insecticides. The green muscardine fungus Metarhizium anisopliae is an important entomopathogen used worldwide against many lepidopteran and coleopteran pests. The potential of M. anisopliae depends on its ability to overcome the host defence mechanisms. The immune system in the H. armigera in response to M. anisopliae infection can be revealed using protein analysis. The order of efficacy of four M. anisopliae strains against second and fourth instar H. armigera under laboratory conditions was ICAR SBI VS 8 > ICAR SBI I >ICAR SBI S69 > ICAR SBI MA4. The protein concentration increased with a decrease in M. anisopliae strain concentration in the second and fourth H. armigera larvae. The highly virulent ICAR SBI VS 8 infested H. armigera showed a decline in protein concentration up to 168 h (14.99 mg/g). The second and fourth instar H. armigera, showed similar protein concentration trends in response to M. anisopliae infestation. The virulent ICAR SBI VS 8 strain can resist the host insect's immune response and cause infection to the H. armigera.
Solanum Crops with a Focus on the African Eggplant: The Potential of Biostimulants to Enhance Stress Tolerance
Authors: David-Rogeat Noémie , Broadley Martin R. , Stavridou Eleftheria
Published: August 2023

Drought, salinity, and increased temperatures are a threat to food security and farmers’ income, especially in Africa where around 50% of the population is involved in agriculture. These stresses, often present together in field conditions, damage crops and can reduce yields to a highly detrimental level. To tackle this issue and ensure the availability and affordability of nutritious fresh food, tolerant varieties need to be introduced in production systems. Indigenous vegetables, often overlooked and rarely researched, offer great genetic diversity and tolerance to various stress. The African eggplant, Solanum aethiopicum, is indigenous to Africa, highly nutritious, and is present in a wide range of forms, highlighting a great genetic pool. It has the potential to enhance the resilience of agricultural land and ensure food security but is under-researched. This reviews aims at understanding the state-of-the-art research on S. aethiopicum and the effects of abiotic stress on related crops. The first part introduces the African eggplant taxonomy, cultivation, and distribution to understand the current status of this crop in Africa. Then, the effects of drought, salinity, and heat on the Solanum genus are reviewed to understand the focus of the current research and up-to-date information on S. aethiopicum studies. The effects of biostimulants to enhance stress tolerance are also discussed for each stress and their combination.
Fabric-structural Parameters Affecting the Mechanical Properties of Fabric-cement Composites
Authors: Eltahan Eman
Published: August 2023

This research work studies the effects of fabric structure on the mechanical properties of fabric cement composites. Seven fabric structures from the same fabric material were used. In this work different sets of specimens were made with different fabric layers after that these specimens were tested on tensile, bending and compression testing machines. It was found that the mechanical properties of the composite materials were influenced by the properties of the reinforced fabric. Fabric tensile strength, which is determined by the fabric's structure, construction, and the number of reinforced fabric layers, is the key factor influencing both tensile and flexural strength of the cement composites. Additionally, when the number of fabric layers increases, some attributes of composites, such as tensile and bending strength, increase while compressive strength decreases.
Correlation between Use of Contact Lens Cleaning Liquid and Subjective Complaints of the Eyes of Contact Lens Users
Authors: Batubara Frisca Ronauli , Newton Marjasa D. Dicky
Published: August 2023

The correlation between the use of contact lens cleaning solutions with subjective complaints of the contact lens users in the medical student Batch 2018 Christian University of Indonesia. The research aims to determine the correlation between duration of use, knowledge, and obedience to contact lens cleaning solutions with subjective complaints of contact lens users. Samples were taken from 40 students of contact lens users by filling out a questionnaire containing duration of use, knowledge, and obedience use of contact lens cleaning solution. The result of the study is that the correlation between the duration of use of contact lens cleaning solution and knowledge of use of contact lens cleaning solution with subjective complaints of the contact lens users is not significant. The correlation between obedience use of contact lens cleaning solutions with subjective complaints of contact lens users is significant.
Strategi Kreatif Iklan Billboard Produk “Sasa MSG” dalam Mengubah Stigma Negatif
Authors: Murwonugroho Wegig
Published: August 2023

Bumbu masak “Sasa MSG” pada dekade terakhir ini ditengarai mengandung bahan yang tidak sehat bagi tubuh. Terdapat iklan media luar ruang (billboard) yang berusaha mengedukasi masyarakat guna menepis pandangan negatif. Visualisasi iklan menampilkan berbagai daya tarik mulai dari tampilan anak remaja kekinian, kalimat nyeleneh, hingga ikan cupang yang sedang marak di kalangan masyarakat. Respons masyarakat terhadap media luar ruang tersebut sangat antusias, terlihat dari ramainya perbincangan di media sosial seperti Twitter dan Instagram. Permasalahan muncul di saat masyarakat hanya fokus terhadap daya tarik yang ditampilkan dan tidak peduli dengan pesan yang ingin disampaikan. Metode penelitian menggunakan semiotika Saussure. Dalam analisis pembahasan ditemukan, bahwa menampilkan hal-hal kekinian berhasil menarik perhatian masyarakat, akan tetapi pesan yang ingin disampaikan tidak dapat tersampaikan dengan baik karena masyarakat hanya fokus pada hal-hal kekinian yang ditampilkan. Simpulan dari artikel ini diketahui bahwa keunggulan dari media luar ruang telah berhasil memikat banyak perhatian masyarakat namun kegagalan dari media luar ruang adalah sulitnya untuk menyampaikan pesan dengan baik dan efektif kepada masyarakat. Strategi yang paling tepat guna mengangkat produk yang mengalami citra negatif adalah dengan cara membuat kalimat yang singkat namun informatif dan tidak menampilkan hal-hal kekinian hanya sebagai daya tarik tetapi juga sebagai sarana informasi yang mudah dipahami oleh masyarakat.
Kamar Ganti Virtual: Retail Berkelanjutan di Era Big Data
Authors: Renaningtyas Luri , Hody Dibya Adipranata
Published: August 2023

Sejak pandemi penggunaan teknologi dalam setiap aspek kehidupan meningkat. Dengan bantuan teknologi semua dapat diperoleh dengan cepat dan instan. Belanja dilakukan secara remote, termasuk belanja fashion. Retail bergeser dari bangunan fisik di mal menjadi antarmuka di genggaman handphone konsumen.  Konsumen tidak perlu datang dan mencoba pakaian yang dibeli. Di Tokopedia atau Shopee, platform belanja online terbesar di Indonesia, segera setelah konsumen memilih pakaian mana yang disuka berdasarkan foto produk yang ditampilkan, konsumen dapat langsung membelinya. Lebih jauh lagi ada aplikasi Virtual Try-On (VTO) seperti Browzwear dan Lalaland yang memungkinkan konsumen mencoba langsung baju yang akan dibeli. Penelitian ini memberikan gambaran kepada pelaku bisnis fashion, akademisi, dan peneliti tentang bagaimana fashion retail mengkomunikasikan produknya kepada konsumennya dengan memanfaatkan Augmented Reality (AR)/Machine Learning (ML)/Computer Vision (CV) di era big data menggunakan dataset yang terdiri dari ribuan atau jutaan foto. Hal ini membuat proses produksi dan konsumsinya lebih cepat dan lebih hemat, sehingga implementasi AI juga dapat dipandang sebagai salah satu alternatif yang berkelanjutan. Metode penelitian terdiri dari dua tahap. Pertama yaitu dengan analisis jurnal-jurnal sains komputer serta investigasi aplikasi-aplikasi AR seperti Zero 10 dan software 3D seperti CLO atau Browzwear, dikaitkan dengan isu berkelanjutan dengan tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi cara kerja Virtual Try-On. Tahap selanjutnya dilakukan analisis terhadap cara kerja VTO dari perspektif komunikasi brand terhadap konsumen, agar dapat mendeskripsikan seperti apa retail berkelanjutan di era big data.
Regulating Direct-to-Consumer Polygenic Risk Scores
Authors: Sherkow Jacob S. , Park Jin K. , Lu Christine Y.
Published: August 2023

This Viewpoint discusses the possible harms associated with direct-to-consumer polygenic risk scores and advocates for federal regulation.
Oral Human Papillomavirus Prevalence and Genotyping Among a Healthy Adult Population in the US
Authors: Giuliano Anna R. , Felsher Marisa , Waterboer Tim , Mirghani Haïtham , Mehanna Hisham , Roberts Craig , Chen Ya-Ting , Lynam Mark , Pedrós Montse , Sanchez Emilio , Sirak Bradley , Surati Shikha , Alemany Laia , Morais Edith , Pavón Miquel Angel
Published: August 2023

Importance

In the US, oropharyngeal cancer, predominantly caused by high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, is the most frequent HPV-associated cancer, surpassing cervical cancer. However, little is known about oral HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in the general population.

Objective

To assess oral HPV prevalence and factors associated with HR and low-risk infection in a general US population.

Design, Setting, and Participants

PROGRESS (Prevalence of Oral HPV Infection, a Global Assessment) was a cross-sectional observational study conducted between November 2021 and March 2022 in 43 dental offices in the US (24 urban, 13 urban cluster, and 6 rural sites), spanning 21 states. Eligible participants were aged 18 to 60 years, visiting dental clinics for routine dental examination. Dental clinics used targeted sampling to recruit equal distributions of men and women and across age groups.

Exposure

Participants provided an oral gargle specimen for HPV DNA and genotyping and completed behavioral questionnaires, and dentists reported oral health status. Detection of HPV DNA and genotyping was performed using the SPF10/DEIA/LiPA25 system at a central laboratory.

Main Outcome

Oral HPV prevalence.

Results

Of the 3196 participants enrolled, mean (SD) age was 39.6 (12.1) years, and 55.5% were women. Oral HPV prevalence was 6.6% (95% CI, 5.7%-7.4%) for any HPV genotype, and 2.0% (95% CI, 1.5%-2.5%), 0.7% (95% CI, 0.4%-1.0%), and 1.5% (95% CI, 1.1%-1.9%) for HR, HPV-16, and 9-valent-HPV vaccine types, respectively. Among HPV-positive participants, HPV-16 was the most prevalent genotype (12.4% among men and 8.6% among women). Prevalence of HPV was higher in men than women and highest among men aged 51 to 60 years (16.8%, 6.8%, and 2.1% for any HPV, HR HPV, and HPV-16, respectively). Factors associated with HR oral infection included being male (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.1; 95% CI, 1.2-8.5), being aged 51 to 60 years (AOR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.5-7.3), having 26 or more lifetime male sex partners (AOR, 6.5; 95% CI, 2.3-18.7), and having 6 to 25 lifetime female oral sex partners (AOR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.3-8.7).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, oral HPV burden was highest among older men who may be at higher risk of developing oropharyngeal cancer. In addition to male sex and older age, HR oral HPV infection was also associated with sexual behaviors, including increasing number of male sex partners and female oral sex partners.
Characterization of mechanical and radiation isocenter on an MR‐guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) Linac
Authors: Bassiri Nema , Bayouth John E. , Mittauer Kathryn E.
Published: August 2023

Background and Purpose

In the emerging paradigm of stereotactic radiosurgery being proposed for MR‐guided radiotherapy (MRgRT), assessment of mechanical geometric accuracy is critical for the implementation of stereotactic delivery. We benchmarked the mechanical accuracy of an MR Linac system that lacks an onboard detector/array. Our mechanical tests utilize a half beam block (HBB) geometry that takes advantage of the sensitivity of a partially occluded detector.

Materials and Methods

Mechanical tests benchmarked the couch, MLC, and gantry geometric accuracy for an MR‐Linac system. An HBB technique was used to irradiate an ionization chamber profiler (ICP) array with partial occlusion of individual detectors for characterization of MLC skew, beam divergence displacement, and RT isocenter localization. The sensitivity of the partially occluded detector's ICP‐X (detector width) and ICP‐Y (detector length) was characterized by displacing the detector relative to radiation isocenter by 0.2 mm increments, introduced through couch motion. The accuracy of the HBB ICP technique was verified with a starshot using radiochromic film, and the reproducibility was verified on a conventional C‐arm Linac and compared to Winston‐Lutz.

Results

The sensitivity of the HBB technique as quantified through the dose difference normalized to open field as a function of displacement from RT isocenter was 6.4%/mm and 13.0%/mm for the ICP‐X and ICP‐Y orientation, respectively, due to the oblong detector orientation. Couch positional accuracy and sag was within ±0.1 mm. Maximum MLC positional displacement was 0.7 mm with mean MLC skew at 0.07°. The maximum beam divergence displacement was 0.03 mm. The gantry angle was within 0.1°. Independent verification of the RT isocenter localization procedure produced repeatable results.

Conclusion

This work serves for characterizing the mechanical and geometric radiation accuracy for the foundation of an MR‐guided stereotactic radiosurgery program, as demonstrated with high sensitivity and independent validation.