bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parasitoses de interesse clínico em sedimento de rio: uma abordagem na Saúde Pública
Authors: Heck Tatiana Moraes da Silva , Ritzel Rute Gabriele Fischoeder , Duarte Ana Carolina de Quadros , Dutra João Miguel Menezes , Oliveira Fabiano Costa de , Staggemeier Rodrigo , Almeida Sabrina Esteves de Matos
Published: June 2021

Falta de saneamento básico facilita a disseminação de doenças parasitárias que impactam à saúde humana, sendo o sedimento capaz de albergar esses microrganismos. Objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a presença de parasitas patogênicos ao ser humano em sedimentos de borda de rio, abordando os riscos de infecções parasitárias na questão de saúde pública. Avaliaram-se pela técnica de HPJ 80 amostras de sedimentos dos rios Paranhana e Caí. Obtiveram-se 53 amostras positivas (66,2%) com diferentes parasitas, Ancylostoma sp., Strongyloides sp., Endolimax nana, Ascaris lumbricoides, Toxocara canis, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Trichiuris trichiura e Taenia sp. Locais com maior urbanização apresentaram 60% de amostras positivas e maior número de espécies. O sedimento de borda de rio indicou ser um meio apropriado para a manutenção das formas infectantes de parasitas. Faz-se necessário um saneamento adequado, a fim de minimizar a contaminação ambiental bem como o risco à saúde da população.
Nível de atividade física, tempo de tela e duração do sono de acordo com dados sociodemográficos de escolares
Authors: Moura Ana Regina Leão Ibiapina , Moura Maycom do Nascimento , Gomes Jorge Luiz de Brito , Carvalho Ferdinando Oliveira , Moraes José Fernando Vila Nova de
Published: June 2021

Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar os níveis de atividade física (NAF), duração de sono e tempo de tela conforme fatores sociodemográficos de 95 adolescentes da faixa etária entre 14 e 18 anos. Os adolescentes responderam questionário sociodemográfico, Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents e questões de autorrelato sobre o tempo de tela e duração do sono. Foi aplicado o Teste U de Mann-Whitney. Observou-se que 80% dos escolares não atendem às recomendações de atividade física, 54,7%, de horas de sono, e 77,9%, de tempo de tela. O sexo masculino apresentou maior NAF, escolares do turno vespertino tiveram mais horas de sono nos dias úteis e entre participantes com maior renda houve maior tempo de tela e menos horas de sono nos dias úteis. Concluiu-se que os fatores sociodemográficos como sexo, turno de estudo e renda mensal influenciam o NAF, a duração do sono e o tempo de tela de escolares.
Internações por doenças preveníveis por vacina em um estado da região amazônica
Authors: Barbosa Jessica Soares , Valois Rubenilson Caldas , Botelho Eliã Pinheiro , Neri Débora Talitha , Vilhena Fabiane Diniz Machado , Silva Giovanna do Socorro Santos da , Ferreira Glenda Roberta Oliveira Naiff
Published: June 2021

Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de descrever a distribuição das internações por doenças imunopreveníveis no Pará. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, ecológico sobre as internações por doenças imunopreveníveis ocorridas no período de 2009 a 2018 em residentes do Estado do Pará. Os dados foram extraídos do sistema de informação hospitalar. Para as análises foram utilizados os programas Joinpoint, Terraview e Tabwin. Resultados: a taxa de internação na faixa etária de 15 a 49 anos apresentou tendência com crescimento significativo no período de 2012 a 2018. As regiões de saúde apresentaram padrão heterogêneo na distribuição das taxas de internação pelas doenças estudadas, assim como foi demonstrado dependência espacial fraca com aglomerados de municípios com padrão alto-alto e baixo-baixo localizados em regiões de saúde distintas. Evidenciou-se a importância do rastreio das populações prioritárias para vacinação e dos mais acometidos por internações relacionadas a doenças imunopreveníveis. A distribuição espacial demonstrou um padrão heterogêneo das internações no Pará.
Programa Nacional de melhoria do acesso e qualidade da Atenção Básica: ótica dos cirurgiões-dentistas
Authors: Mocelin Guilherme , Rosa Jamile da , Weigelt Leni Dias , Rezende Maristela Soares de , Krug Suzane Beatriz Frantz
Published: June 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o entendimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas em relação ao Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB), repercussões e resultados na assistência à saúde. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, descritiva. Para coleta de dados, foram entrevistados 15 cirurgiões-dentistas inseridos nas unidades de Estratégia de Saúde da Família de oito municípios da 28ª Região de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e participantes de alguma fase do PMAQ-AB. Após análise qualitativa, identificou-se que os sujeitos entendem que o Programa, por meio de metas, melhorou a infraestrutura, a organização do trabalho, atendendo à demanda e beneficiando o usuário do serviço. Porém, foram evidenciadas fragilidades na comunicação sobre o Programa, comprometendo-o. Conclui-se que são necessários processos avaliativos contínuos na atenção básica, primando pela sua qualidade.
In Memory of Vladimir A. Stakhanov (12.06.1962–26.01.2021)
Authors: Romanov B. K.
Published: June 2021

This paper provides information about the sudden death of Professor Vladimir Stakhanov a member of the editorial board of the Journal "Medical Journal of the Russian Federation", an outstanding Russian phthisiologist, head of the Department of Phthisiology of the Medical Faculty of the N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University.
In Memory of Yuri N. Chernov (05.11.1937–01.01.2021)
Authors: Romanov B. K.
Published: June 2021

This paper provides information about the sudden death of Professor Yuri Chernov a one of the founders of the Russian clinical pharmacology, a specialist in the field of aerospace radiobiology, Honored Doctor of Russia.
Characterizing Ground-Motion Amplification by Extensive Flat-Lying Sediments: The Seismic Response of the Eastern U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain Strata
Authors: Pratt Thomas L. , Schleicher Lisa S.
Published: June 2021

We examine the effects that Atlantic Coastal Plain (ACP) strata have on ground motions in the eastern and southeastern United States. The ACP strata consist of widespread, nearly flat-lying sediments, the upper portions of which are unconsolidated or semiconsolidated. The ACP sediments are deposited primarily on crystalline basement rocks, creating large velocity and density contrasts with the underlying rocks. At 211 sites on ACP strata to thicknesses of 4000 m, we compute spectral ratios relative to the average of four bedrock sites west or northwest of the strata. Sites consist of stations of Earthscope’s USArray Transportable Array (TA), and temporary deployments in the Southeast Suture of the Atlantic Margin Experiment (SESAME), Eastern North American Margin (ENAM) experiment, and the DCShake deployment in Washington, D.C. For the TA and SESAME stations, we use signals from 13 teleseisms and three regional earthquakes as input, combining the north and east components of motion after taking the Fourier transforms. We also include similarly processed site responses from the ENAM and DCShake arrays that were computed in earlier studies. Results show prominent, fundamental resonance peaks at frequencies determined by reverberations in the entire sediment column, and that often define the largest amplifications for each frequency. As frequencies increase, these resonance peaks migrate to thinner ACP strata and increase in amplitude. The peaks are well defined at frequencies below about 1 Hz, but become narrower and less defined regionally at higher frequencies. We develop simple equations to characterize amplification versus ACP thickness, which we approximate by cosine and Gaussian curves with amplifications of 1 on bedrock and rising to the resonance peak, and then decreasing to an average amplification at thicknesses greater than twice the resonance peak. Comparisons with other site corrections for the central and eastern United States based on sediment thickness show similarities on thin ACP strata but divergence on thicker sediments. The results also demonstrate the effectiveness of using teleseismic arrivals to characterize the site responses of sedimentary sequences.
DisperNet: An Effective Method of Extracting and Classifying the Dispersion Curves in the Frequency–Bessel Dispersion Spectrum
Authors: Dong Sheng , Li Zhengbo , Chen Xiaofei , Fu Lei
Published: June 2021

The subsurface shear-wave structure primarily determines the characteristics of the surface-wave dispersion curve theoretically and observationally. Therefore, surface-wave dispersion curve inversion is extensively applied in imaging subsurface shear-wave velocity structures. The frequency–Bessel transform method can effectively extract dispersion spectra of high quality from both ambient seismic noise data and earthquake events data. However, manual picking and semiautomatic methods for dispersion curves lack a unified criterion, which impacts the results of inversion and imaging. In addition, conventional methods are insufficiently efficient; more precisely, a large amount of time is required for curve extraction from vast dispersion spectra, especially in practical applications. Thus, we propose DisperNet, a neural network system, to extract and discriminate the different modes of the dispersion curve. DisperNet consists of two parts: a supervised network for dispersion curve extraction and an unsupervised method for dispersion curve classification. Dispersion spectra from ambient noise and earthquake events are applied in training and validation. A field data test and transfer learning test show that DisperNet can stably and efficiently extract dispersion curves. The results indicate that DisperNet can significantly improve multimode surface-wave imaging.
What Is Fling Step? Its Theory, Simulation Method, and Applications to Strong Ground Motion near Surface Fault Ruptures
Authors: Hisada Yoshiaki , Tanaka Shinya
Published: June 2021

We present the theory of the fling step and a theoretical method for simulating accurately the near-fault strong motions, and apply it to reproduce various strong-motion records near surface faults. Theoretically, the fling step is the contribution of the static Green’s function in the representation theorem (Hisada and Bielak, 2003), and we show that this theory holds for any seismic velocity structure. We first demonstrate the validity of this theory using theoretical solutions of a circular fault model in a homogeneous full-space. Next, we apply the theory to layered half-spaces, present a theoretical method based on the wavenumber integration method, and introduce various techniques to simulate the near-fault ground motions including fling steps with high accuracy. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the method by reproducing various strong-motion records near surface fault ruptures and discuss the characteristics of near-fault strong motions including the fling step and the forward directivity pulse. We made all of the software and data used in this article available on the internet.
Effects of delay shooting on the nature ofP-wave seismograms
Authors: Greenhalgh S. A.
Published: June 2021

abstract

P-wave spectra have been computed from several mine blast records. Amplitudes of the low frequency peaks were found to correlate with the total size of the explosion. This agrees with theoretical source spectra calculations for multiple-delayed shots. The theoretical calculations also show that at higher frequencies (excepting multiples of the delay frequency), the spectral amplitudes are determined by the maximum charge per delay and not by the total charge size. Synthetic seismograms have been computed for various source and absorption models. To obtain reasonable agreement with observed waveforms requires at least 10 shots delayed at intervals of 0.2 sec or more. These delays are much larger than those normally used between individual holes in a blast (i.e., 17 msec) but are typical of delays between rows of shots. Thus, it appears that the seismic waveforms are more sensitive to the number of rows and the row delay than they are to the total number of shots and the individual delays in a blast.
On the overparameterization of earthquake location algorithms
Authors: Lomnitz Cinna
Published: June 2021

abstract

The standard regression model for hypocenter determination contains four parameters: latitude correction, longitude correction, focal depth correction, and origin time correction. Similarity between the function ∂t/∂Δ and ∂t/∂H for values of Δ < 20° and again for Δ > 25° causes linear dependence between the coefficient vectors, provided that the observations are contained within a relatively narrow azimuthal range. The regression is overparameterized, and nothing can be inferred about the solution even when the procedure does not diverge. A solution can always be obtained in such cases by reducing the number of parameters (e.g., by restricting the focal depth); but such a solution remains dependent on the error in focal depth.

Because of the geometry of the Earth's subduction zones largely surrounding the continental masses, many earthquake observations are clustered within an azimuthal range of the order of 90°. Thus, the problem of overparameterization is inherent in the location model as set up originally by Geiger. For example, the data set for LONGSHOT is shown to contain 150 observations in the azimuth range 350° to 90°, including all European and North American stations. Hence, the LONGSHOT least-squares location is poorly conditioned. In order to obtain well-conditioned solutions, the hypocentral location model must be reformulated in such a way that the epicenter is determined independently of the focal depth, thus avoiding overparameterization.
Historical seismicity in the near and Middle East, North Africa, and Spain from Arabic documents (VIIth-XVIIIth century)
Authors: Poirier J. P. , Taher M. A.
Published: June 2021

abstract

A catalog of historical seismicity from the VIIth to the XVIIIth century A.D. was compiled from Arabic documents (many of which are unpublished manuscripts) for the near and Middle East, and in a lesser measure, for North Africa and Spain.

In most cases, detailed descriptions have allowed us to assign Modified Mercalli intensities to the shocks for the localities where they were reported.

The detailed chronology of a protracted episode of seismicity in northern Syria between 1156 and 1159 is given shock by shock from the relation of a Damascus chronicler.
Radiation patterns of body waves due to the seismic dislocation occurring in an anisotropic source medium
Authors: Kawasaki Ichiro , Tanimoto Toshiro
Published: June 2021

abstract

We investigate body force equivalents for a seismic dislocation occurring in an anisotropic source medium and study radiation patterns of seismic body waves resulting from them. The point source representation of the equivalent body forces is obtained following a result of Kosevich (1962, 1965). Green's tensor for an anisotropic medium is calculated using a far-field approximate method by Kosevich and Natsik (1964). Radiation patterns of seismic body waves are obtained by a straightforward convolution operation on the equivalent forces with the approximate Green's tensor.

The seismic dislocation occurring in an anisotropic source medium is equivalent in general to the sum of three orthogonal dipole forces with different magnitudes, for which the seismic moment tensor has a nonzero trace. Because of the third dipole force which never appears for an isotropic medium, a significant distortion of the radiation patterns occurs in a direction near the null vector. Nodal lines of P-wave radiation patterns are separated into isolated loops and/or secondary nodal lines appear. In directions where group velocity differs from the corresponding phase velocity, the effect of the medium transfer response on the polarities of body waves seems to be larger than that in other directions. The combination of the effects of source forces and medium transfer response distorts the radiation pattern.
The Livermore Valley, California, sequence of January 1980
Authors: Bolt B. A. , McEvilly T. V. , Uhrhammer R. A.
Published: June 2021

abstract

At 19h00m09.46s UTC, on 24 January 1980, a strong earthquake (ML = 5.5) that caused a surprising amount of damage occurred north of Livermore Valley about 12 km to the southeast of Mt. Diablo, and was associated with surface rupture along the Greenville Fault. There was a foreshock (ML = 2.7) a minute and a half earlier and a sequence of 59 events (ML ≧ 2.5) in the ensuing 6 days. On 27 January at 02h33m35.96s, a larger magnitude earthquake occurred in the sequence (ML = 5.6). This second principal shock was located 14 km to the south of the first principal earthquake toward the southern end of the Greenville Fault. Preliminary estimates of the seismic moments of the two principal shocks are 5.3 × 1024 and 1.3 × 1024 dyne-cm, respectively. In addition to the lower seismic moment, the ML = 5.6 shock on 27 January exhibits a clearly focused radiation pattern, with large amplitudes toward the northeast.

Field investigations after the first principal shock indicated surfaced rupture along the Greenville fault zone for at least 6 km, with both right-lateral strike-slip and some dip-slip motion with the northeast side up. Variable offsets on surface cracks suggested displacements of a few centimeters (with evidence of increases in some places after the second 27 January earthquake). There were eight earthquakes with ML ≧ 4.0 in the sequence up to 5 February 1980. No foreshocks near the Greenville Fault (ML ≧ 1.5) were observed by the University of California Seismographic Stations in the prior 3 months.

Rapid deployment of field seismographs by a number of seismological organizations permitted precise locations and fault-plane solutions. Some results on seismicity are as follows.

The rupture propagated over 15 km to the southeast along the Marsh Creek-Greenville faults on 24 January and stopped in the vicinity of Highway 580. This southern progression may have had some causal connection with the relatively high intensities reported near the southwest end of the Greenville Fault. The two principal shocks of the sequence have slight but significant differences in the fault-plane solutions; both are predominantly right-lateral strike-slip, but the strike of the northern one is N13°W, whereas the strike of the southern one is N39°W. This change in strike is not evident in the mapped strikes of the Marsh Creek and the Greenville faults. In contrast to the second principal earthquake, the first principal shock was followed by two others (ML > 4.0) in rapid succession, one 53 sec and the other 97 sec after. This repetition gave a relatively long duration to the shaking on 24 January, and was commented on in felt reports. It may explain the greater intensity reported in many localities on 24 January compared to 27 January. The b value (0.64 ± 0.13) for the sequence is somewhat lower than the b = 0.70 ± 0.17 for the recent Coyote Lake earthquake sequence on the Calaveras Fault on 5 August 1979. There are fewer earthquakes than normal in the range 3.0 < ML < 4.0 in the Greenville sequence.
Focal mechanisms of earthquakes related to the 29 November 1975 Kalapana, Hawaii, earthquake: The effect of structure models
Authors: Crosson R. S. , Endo E. T.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Initial focal mechanism determinations for the 29 November 1975 Kalapana, Hawaii, earthquake indicated discrepancy between the mechanism determined from teleseismic data by Ando and the mechanism determined using data from the local U.S. Geological Survey network surrounding the epicenter region. The resolution of this difference is crucial to correctly understand this earthquake, as well as to understand the tectonics of the south flank of Kilauea volcano. When a model with a low-velocity layer at the base of the crust is used for projection back to the focal sphere for the local network mechanisms, the discrepancy vanishes. To further investigate this result, focal mechanisms were determined using several contrasting models for a set of well-recorded earthquakes. A large number of these earthquakes have mechanisms identical to the main shock when the low-velocity layer model is used. Dispersion of P and T axes is also minimized by use of this model. A low-angle slip direction, favored for the main shock and typical of most other solutions, exhibits remarkable stability normal to the east rift zone of Kilauea. Our results suggest a tectonic model, similar in nature to that proposed by Ando, in which the south flank of Kilauea consists of a mobile block of crust which is relatively free to move laterally on a low-strength zone at about 10 km depth. Forceful injection of magma along the rift zones provides the loading stress which is released by catastrophic failure in the weak, horizontal layer in a cycle of perhaps 100 yr.
Multi-mode analysis of Rayleigh-typeLg. Part 1. Theory and applicability of the method
Authors: Cara Michel , Minster J. Bernard
Published: June 2021

abstract

Rayleigh-type Lg propagating in a laterally homogeneous continental crust can be synthesized by adding only a few overtones at periods greater than 2 sec. Under minimal assumptions, we show that wavenumber analysis of Lg recorded on a several hundred kilometers long linear array of 10 stations allow us to isolate the different overtones, providing a tool to study crustal structures and excitation of the overtones at the source. In this first paper, we use synthetic Lg seismograms to investigate the applicability of a time-frequency-wavenumber analysis technique (UC diagram algorithm) to realistic arrays of stations. The behavior of the algorithm in the presence of lateral heterogeneities is studied numerically by introducing either random or coherent phase perturbations. We find that (1) the method is tractable if random phase fluctuations from station to station are spread over less than half a cycle, and (2) coherent velocity changes between two halves of a profile are spatially averaged if they are too small to be resolved by the array.
A mantle wave magnitude for the St. Elias, Alaska, earthquake of 28 February 1979
Authors: Buland Ray , Taggart James
Published: June 2021

abstract

We have investigated surface and mantle waves from the St. Elias earthquake (28 February 1979, 21:27:06.1 UTC) using standard time-domain techniques and highly automated procedure for frequency-domain analysis. Mantle wave spectral densities at periods of 100, 150, 200, and 250 sec were determined from R1 through R5 and G1 through G6 recorded by 10 stations of the Global Digital Seismograph Network using a method similar to one developed by Brune and Engen (1969) for 100-sec Love waves. For comparison we have generated synthetic seismograms by normal mode summation using two published fault plane solutions (Lahr et al., 1979; Hasegawa et al., 1980) and assuming a point source.

For the St. Elias event we find that the precise orientation of the focal mechanism has a significant impact on the efficiency of mantle wave generation and hence on moment inference. Further, source finiteness effects, expressed as distortion of the radiation pattern and a disparity between moment estimates made using Love and Rayleigh waves, are clearly visible at all periods we examined. However, these effects decrease dramatically with increasing periods and are gratifyingly small by 250 sec allowing us to make a moment estimate.

We have made the following measurements of the size of the St. Elias earthquake

20-sec Rayleigh waves (30 observations) Ms = 7.08 20-sec Rayleigh waves Ms = 7.23 (30 observations azimuthally weighted) Seismic moment (dyne-cm) Mo = 2.36 x 1027 Moment magnitude Mw = 7.52.
Source parameters and scaling relationships of small earthquakes in the northeastern Caribbean
Authors: Frankel Arthur
Published: June 2021

abstract

The seismic moments and stress drops of 23 earthquakes (1.1 ≦ M ≦ 2.4) that occurred during an earthquake swarm in the Virgin Islands were determined from the analysis of their P waveforms. The data consist of digitally recorded seismograms collected by a short-period seismic network operating in the northeastern Caribbean. The events of the swarm are particularly useful for comparing the relative stress drops of small earthquakes, because their source to receiver paths and focal mechanisms are very similar.

The static stress drops calculated for these earthquakes varied from about 0.2 to 2 bars. The data clearly illustrate that the static and dynamic stress drops of these earthquakes generally increased with the size (moment) of the events. The fault radii for these shocks increased with seismic moment, but only by a factor of 2 for a 100-fold increase in seismic moment. The velocity waveforms of the larger events were systematically more impulsive than those of the smaller earthquakes. These observations imply that, for this set of earthquakes, the final fault radius is a function of the stress drop that occurs during the rupture process.
Regional modification of acceleration attenuation functions
Authors: Battis James
Published: June 2021

abstract

Strong ground motion attenuation functions developed on the basis of data from one physiographic region do not generally apply to other regions due to both differences in source characteristics and seismic wave attenuation. At the same time, many regions with known seismic hazard lack sufficient strong motion data to develop regionally unique attenuation functions.

A method is proposed for the estimation of peak ground acceleration attenuation functions for these regions. The technique makes use of regional variations in relationships between event magnitude and epicentral intensity and event magnitude and radius of the felt area to correlate peak ground accelerations from a region which has empirical strong motion data to one lacking this data. The necessary relationships to make the modifications require only limited instrumental observations. The method is an improvement over previously suggested schemes in that the fundamental assumptions are more restricted than those previously used.
The effect of quaternary alluvium on strong ground motion in the Coyote Lake, California, earthquake of 1979
Authors: Joyner William B. , Warrick Richard E. , Fumal Thomas E.
Published: June 2021

abstract

The effect of alluvium on strong ground motion can be seen by comparing two strong-motion records of the Coyote Lake, California, earthquake of 6 August 1979 (ML = 5.9). One record at a site on Franciscan bedrock had a peak horizontal acceleration of 0.13 g and a peak horizontal velocity of 10 cm/sec. The other, at a site 2 km distant on 180 meters of Quaternary alluvium overlying Franciscan, had values of 0.26 g and 32 cm/sec, amplifications by factors of 2 and 3. Horizontal motions computed at the alluvial site for a linear plane-layered model based on measured P and S velocities show reasonably good agreement in shape with the observed motions, but the observed peak amplitudes are greater by a factor of about 1.25 in acceleration and 1.8 in velocity. About 15 per cent of the discrepancy in acceleration and 20 per cent in velocity can be attributed to the difference in source distance; the remainder may represent focusing by refraction at a bedrock surface concave upward. There is no clear evidence of nonlinear soil response. Fourier spectral ratios between motions observed on bedrock and alluvium show good agreement with ratios predicted from the linear model. In particular, the observed frequency of the fundamental peak in the amplification spectrum agrees with the computed value, indicating that no significant nonlinearity occurs in the secant shear modulus. Computations show that nonlinear models are compatible with the data if values of the coefficient of dynamic shear strength in terms of vertical effective stress are in the range of 0.5 to 1.0 or greater. The data illustrate that site amplification may be less a matter of resonance involving reinforcing multiple reflections, and more the simple effect of the low near-surface velocity. Application of traditional seismological theory leads to the conclusion that the site amplification for peak horizontal velocity is approximately proportional to the reciprocal of the square root of the product of density and shear-wave velocity.
Covariance-invariant digital filtering—A better digital processing technique for ground motion studies
Authors: Ehrenberg J. E. , Hernandez E. N.
Published: June 2021

abstract

This paper describes a new recursive digital algorithm for computing the response spectrum from acceleration data. The algorithm digitally implements a single degree of freedom oscillator using a covariance-invariant digital filter. It is shown that this technique will produce an accurate response spectrum from input data that have been sampled at a rate that is as low as three times the oscillator natural frequency, fn. The more common response spectrum digital filter obtained using a bilinear z transformation technique requires a sampling rate of ten times fn. The fact that the algorithm can be used for data with a low sampling rate makes it particularly well suited for real time, multi-frequency calculation of response spectra with a microprocessor system.
Inversion of teleseismic body waves for the moment tensor of the 1978 Thessaloniki, Greece, earthquake
Authors: Barker Jeffrey S. , Langston Charles A.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Seismograms from WWSSN and Canadian network stations were modeled to determine the source parameters of the 20 June 1978 Thessaloniki, Greece, earthquake (Ms = 6.4). The depth of the initial rupture was constrained to 11 ± 1 km by comparison of the arrival times of surface reflections with synthetic short-period seismograms. A focal sphere plot of first motion polarities provided little constraint on other focal parameters, except to indicate that predominantly normal faulting was involved. A generalized inverse technique utilizing the moment tensor formalism was applied to teleseismic P and SH waves for six increments of depth. The moment tensor obtained indicated a nearly horizontal, N-trending tension axis and a nearly vertical compression axis, and yielded the following double-couple source parameters: strike 280° ± 7°; dip 55° ± 3°; rake −65° ± 5°; seismic moment 5.7 × 1025 dyne-cm; and a skewed triangular source time function with a rise time of about 1 sec and duration of 6 to 8 sec. Due to indications of multiple or finite source effects for this event, and the assumption in the moment tensor formalism of a point source, a low-pass filter was applied to the data and the inversions were repeated. The results were nearly identical with those of the original inversion, suggesting that any individual sources had similar mechanisms, or that the point source model is sufficient for this earthquake.
A linear gradient crustal model for south Hawaii
Authors: Klein Fred W.
Published: June 2021

abstract

A new crustal model with linear velocity gradients within layers does as good a job of locating earthquakes on south Hawaii as any model yet published. Incorporating linear gradients means the model can be simpler and free of artificial velocity discontinuities. Using travel-time residuals from local earthquakes and consistency of focal mechanism solutions as tests, it is seen that a low-velocity zone at the base of the crust is not required.
“The change in strain comes mainly from the rain”: Kipapa, Oahu
Authors: Wolfe J. E. , Berg E. , Sutton G. H.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Strain data from the Benioff type gauge installed in the Kipapa Tunnel on Oahu, Hawaii, are analyzed for the period February 1964 to May 1978. The predominant response is due to temperature variations and rainfall. A rainfallstrain transfer function is obtained using rain water infiltration and groundwater recession models developed by hydrologists. Numerical values obtained range from 0.27 to 0.53 × 10−7 strain/inch of rain (at a nearby rain gauge).

Subtracting expansion of the quartz rod due to temperature variation, the linear expansion coefficient of in situ tholeiitic basalt of 32 × 10−7/°C is obtained.
Effects of Task Complexity on Text Easibility and Coherence of EFL Learners’ Narrative Writing
Authors: YILDIZ Mine , YEŞİLYURT Savaş
Published: June 2021

This study was carried out to examine the effects of task complexity on text easibility and coherence in narrative writing of EFL learners. Data were collected from 41 Turkish EFL learners during a writing course. Task complexity was operationalized at two levels as a complex and simple task based on the resource-dispersing variables of Robinson’s the Triadic Componential Framework, +/- task structure. Accordingly, a colorful picture was first illustrated on the board, and students were asked to examine the picture for five minutes (complex task /-TS). They were then asked to write a story based on the picture they had seen (simple task /+TS). Two weeks later, they were given a sheet involving 16 pictures designed in an order and asked to narrate a story based on these pictures. Their essays were analyzed by the researcher and another rater in terms of coherence through an analytic rubric. An automated program was used to evaluate the essays for text easibility indices involving the indices of narrativity, syntactic simplicity, word concreteness, referential cohesion, and deep cohesion. The results analyzed with a Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that complexity of the task had a statistically significant effect on some indices of text easibility such as word concreteness, and referential cohesion, whereas other indices, narrativity, syntactic simplicity, and deep cohesion, and coherence in their writing production were not affected by the complexity of the task at a significant level. However, it can be concluded that students’ texts produced in simple tasks are easier to comprehend.
eLaunceston Revisited – A Novel Regional Research Project from 1999
Authors: Moorhead Simon
Published: June 2021

An historical paper from 1999 is republished because of its relevance to using digital communications to boost regional communities and their digital economies. Telstra Research Laboratories created a community website for Launceston Tasmania, with local stakeholder oversight, to test whether locally oriented information can increase the value of the Internet to existing users and make digital access more attractive to non-users.
Measurement of Breast Tissue Estrogens by Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Olisov D.A. , Chagovets V.V , Starodubtseva N.L. , Smetnik A.A. , Rodionov V.V. , Kometova V.V. , Chingin K.S. , Frankevich V.E.
Published: June 2021

Although estrogen contribution estrogen to breast cancer development is not fully understood, an effective method of their measurement, in the mammary gland might provide additional insight. In this study, we have developed a LC-MS/MS method of simultaneous quantification of estrone and estradiol in breast tissue samples. Analytes were extracted with methyl tert-butyl ether by sonication and derivatized with dansyl chloride. Estrogens were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with an electrospray ionization source. Accuracy and precision were better than 20% for most concentrations. Although estrone and estradiol levels in normal and malignant breast tissue samples analyzed using our method insignificantly differed. The method developed may be used in further studies aimed at evaluating a role estrogens in breast cancer risk.
Automation of Predictive Maintenance Using Internet of Things (IoT) Technology at University-Based O&M Project
Authors:   the School of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Mapúa University, Philippines, Fernandez James Ryan , Prasetyo Yogi Tri , Persada Satria Fadil , Redi A. A. N. Perwira
Published: June 2021

Predictive Maintenance can be defined as a type of advanced maintenance that detects the onset of system degradation allowing causal stressors to be eliminated or controlled prior to any significant deterioration in component physical state. Thru Internet of Things (IoT) Technology, automation, and implementation of Predictive Maintenance are possible. The purpose of this study is to propose the implementation of Predictive Maintenance using IpT Technology at University-based Operation & Maintenance Project that aims to transform the current Key Performance Indicator (KPI) of PM to CM Ratio from 80:20 to 90:10. Six Sigma DMAIC Methodology and Data-Driven Predictive Maintenance Planning Framework were utilized as the methodology of this research. Research’s results show that KPI, 90:10 (PM to CM Ratio) is achievable and maintenance cost can significantly reduce from 25% to 30%. Other valuable benefits are return of investment (10X), elimination of breakdown (70 - 75%), reduction in downtime (35% - 45%) and increase of production (20% - 25%). The proposed concept can be utilized in other industries to achieve high customer satisfaction percentages, sustainable operations, fault prediction, and online monitoring using PC or mobile applications.
Project Based Learning with Peer Assessment in an Introductory Programming Course
Authors:   REMIT, Portugal, Sobral Sónia Rolland
Published: June 2021

Introductory programming course traditionally have higher rates of failures and dropouts. Teachers and researchers have to develop strategies to combat this problem. This article reports an experience on the first semester of a degree in computer science and the use of Project Based Learning for two projects with groups of three students. With this methodology, independence and self-study are created in the students, accompanying the subjects taught in classes with works related to real life. Since peer assessment is used in part of the classification of each project, the distribution of students by the groups was made by the teacher, who used as criteria for ordering said groups attendance in class for the first project and grade in the first test for the second project. The first project was submitted and presented by 95% of the students and the second project was only completed by 44% of the students who mostly correspond to the best grades on the first test. 93% of the students who passed the course presented both projects. Most of the students who submitted the papers found this to be an excellent strategy. It is concluded that the project is a way to improve and develop the skills of motivated students but that others have a lot of difficulty or even reluctance to follow.
Social RE-PBL: An Approach for Teaching Requirements Engineering Using PBL, SNSs, and Cloud Storages and File-Sharing Services
Authors:   the Software Engineering Department, Philadelphia University, Jordan, Al-Qora'n Lamis F.
Published: June 2021

Requirements engineering process showed that it has the potential to affect software development process and consequently cause unexpected problems in the produced software. Reducing the likelihood of such issues requires proper preparation for software engineering students during their undergraduate studies to reduce the gap between theory and practice. Students must develop the soft skills that are needed to practice software engineering activities, especially requirements engineering. Accordingly, encouraging students to learn and practice requirements engineering concepts and activities are required. Students undertake the requirements engineering course in one semester, where the lecturer focuses on delivering the theoretical concepts to students which creates teacher-centred learning. It is difficult for students to develop the required critical thinking and communication skills that enable them to solve real-world problems in such a teacher-centred environment. This study uses Project-Based Learning (PBL), Social Networking Sites (SNSs) and cloud enhanced communication to design a non-traditional teaching approach to improve students’ learning and to achieve a learner-centred learning environment in a requirements engineering course. The developed approach was applied to a requirements engineering course at our university to investigate its effectiveness and its impact on students’ learning ability. The students in the investigational group learned with the new method; however, the students in the control group learned with the traditional learning method. The results of our experiment show that the proposed approach significantly improved the achievement, motivation and attitude of our students as well as
Filipino Generation Z on Mobile Legends during COVID-19: A Determination of Playtime and Satisfaction
Authors:   the School of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Mapúa University, Philippines, Kishimoto Ryuichi T. , Prasetyo Yogi Tri , Persada Satria Fadil , Redi A. A. N. Perwira
Published: June 2021

The Filipinos are current in lockdown that is to prevent the spreading of COVID-19 in the country. In this paper, we are focusing in determining the playtime and satisfaction of Gen Z-ers which were born from 1997 onwards who plays Mobile Legends: Bang Bang. In this paper, we utilize the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and applying the Self-Affirmation Theory (SAT) for the research framework of this study. The researchers gathered 257 valid participants in which most of them were high school and college students. We will see in the result section the factor loadings of our model wherein we found out that the impact of self-worth to playtime has the largest patch coefficient. Surprisingly, we also found out that there is no significant effect in the self-worth to satisfaction. We also showed here that the model fits our data giving the result of index is within the suggested values (GFI = 0.86, CFI = 0.92, AGFI = 0.82, TLI = 0.92, IFI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.068, CMIN/DF = 2.9).
The Importance of Public Participation in Sustainable Solid Waste Management
Authors: Salsabila Lubna , Purnomo Eko Priyo , Jovita Hazel D.
Published: June 2021

This study aims to do comparative analysis of what influence the SWM in Indonesia and the Philippines. As Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will not be achieved as long as the Solid Waste Management problem is left unsolved. Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) has become a common issue in most developing country along with the rapid urbanization development and globalization. Qualitative approach chosen to analyze literatures selected related to SWM during 2000-2020. Data obtained from previous studies in this article were analyzed by the NVivo 12 Plus. The results shown that governance and participation become the main factors affected the status of MSWM as it is mentioned in most of the previous studies in the Philippines. Which is different with the previous studies in Indonesia.
China's Policy to Close Borders to Prevent the Spread of the Second Wave of Covid-19 Virus
Authors: Elyta Elyta , Rahmaniah Syarifah Ema , Ramdani Hendra
Published: June 2021

At the beginning of 2020, the world was shocked by the outbreak of Covid-19, which was known to have originated from Wuhan. The increase in cases of local transmission in China's border region with Russia has sparked new concerns. In writing this paper, the author uses data collection methods with literature studies from journals and electronic books, including data from trusted websites through internet searches in the form of soft files that can support the paper's explanation. From the results of this paper, the reader can see that it is divided into several essential points explaining how China's policy to close the border in Russia to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 Virus in their country, first, how the procedures carried out by China in tightening checks on Russian borders. And Second, knowing how China monitors its citizens by using cell phones.
TRANSFORMING THE POST-MUWAḤḤIDDŪN MAN: MALIK BENNABI’S CRITIQUE OF THE CONTEMPORARY MUSLIM SOCIETY
Authors: Patria Muhammad Yusuf
Published: June 2021

This article is aimed at discussing the critical analysis of a Muslim thinker, Malik Bennabi, of the state of contemporary Muslim society. This discussion uses a descriptive-analytic approach with Bennabi's works as the primary source and other supporting works as secondary sources. Bennabi's definition of a society, especially its origin, basic elements, and its stages, is described in detail as a basis for understanding Bennabi's thoughts. then, the article discusses Bennabi's analysis and criticism of the current state of Muslim society. For him, the root of all the problems experienced by Muslim society today is an internal weakness or what he calls "colonisability". This situation, according to him, creates vulnerable individuals and societies to be "colonized" again. Bennabi referred to these individuals in Muslim society as “Post-Muwaḥḥiddūn man”, as a sign that internal weaknesses began to emerge in Muslim society after the Muwaḥḥid dynasty. Based on his explanation, it can be concluded that the current Muslim society is disoriented and has lost its identity. The author also concludes that Bennabi's approach and analysis are able to describe the current state of Muslim society and the root of the problems it is experiencing.
A prospective randomized controlled study comparing short-term outcomes of closure and non-closure of peritoneum during elective caesarean section
Authors: Prabhu Santoshi , Prasad Deepti N. , Mishra Nigamanand , Jadhav Vaishali , Savani Gayatri
Published: June 2021

Background: There is a rising trend of caesarean deliveries worldwide. Although a very commonly performed abdominal surgery, there is no ideal operative procedure in the literature. Several studies compared short term and long-term outcomes of closure and non-closure of peritoneum, but there is no consensus whether either procedure is beneficial to patients. Variability of results may be due to bias involved in these studies as two groups compared had different characteristics (including obstetrics and non-obstetrics laparotomies, elective and emergency caesareans, Pfannenstiel as well as vertical incisions; in the same study) which are likely to affect short term outcomes besides those due to peritoneal closer and non-closure. Aims and objectives of the study were to perform an unbiased assessment of short-term outcomes in elective LSCS in unscarred abdomens by Pfannenstiel incisions between closure (CG) and non-closure of peritoneum (NCG).Methods: Prospective randomised controlled study method used in the study.Results: The operating time was significantly more (p=0.01) with difference of additional 10 minutes in CG with standard error of mean for time being 3.7688. Pain score was more in CG on post-operative day 1 and 2 (p=0.0003 and 0.008 respectively). Additional anaesthesia and analgesia were not needed in this group.Conclusions: Apart from operative timing and pain score in early post-op period, there was no significant difference in short term outcomes between CG and NCG during elective caesarean section. Hence only long-term effects of these procedures need to be considered prior to recommending ideal steps of elective caesarean section procedure.