bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desde las alturas y a pie de campo
Authors: Blanco Mercedes
Published: December 2023

campo, y la mirada de lejos y desde las alturas son ingredientes complementarios e indispensables de todo poema épico. La mirada de cerca permite fabricar el espectáculo deleitable y a su modo fabuloso, porque forzosamente imaginario, de los hombres y las armas. Solo como beneficio secundario, en la épica de materia histórica reciente, que sepresenta como crónica fiel y veraz, el espectáculo del combate tiene el interés de apoyar las hojas de méritos y servicios de los soldados españoles y el de sugerir, de modo propagandístico, los inmensos méritos de los actores menores de la conquista, que deberían bastar para asegurar la perpetuación de las encomiendas, u otro tipo de recompensa extensible a su linaje de manera permanente. Por su parte, la mirada lejana se hace vector de esa aspiración a la maravilla y a lo sublime que distingue al poeta épico. Por ella se introduce en la narración la capacidad sobrehumana del poeta de elevarse sobre la experiencia directa de los acontecimientos para contemplar el vasto escenario de las cosas del mundo, haciendo patentes conexiones entre cosas distantes, que en condiciones naturales no pueden abarcarse de una sola ojeada.
Optimalisasi koordinasi kelompok perjalanan melalui aplikasi pelacakan lokasi berbasis android
Authors: Adzikirani  , Rasyid Abdul , Ardiansyah Rizky
Published: December 2023

Pelacakan lokasi antara ketua kelompok perjalanan, seperti tour guide, dengan anggota kelompok esensial untuk memastikan koordinasi, efisiensi, dan keamanan selama perjalanan. Penelitian ini mengembangkan sebuah aplikasi seluler berbasis Android untuk memfasilitasi hal tersebut. Menggunakan teknologi GPS, aplikasi ini memungkinkan ketua kelompok untuk memantau lokasi real-time anggota , menyebarkan pesan broadcast, serta memastikan seluruh anggota berada dalam jangkauan yang aman. sementara anggota dapat melihat lokasi ketua, melihat jarak dari posisi mereka, dan menerima informasi penting secara cepat. Hasil uji coba lapangan menunjukkan margin error aplikasi berkisar antara 1 hingga 9.1742 meter dengan keterlambatan notifikasi sekitar 1-3 detik. Meskipun ada keterlambatan tersebut, komunikasi real-time tetap efektif. aplikasi ini dapat meningkatkan koordinasi, mempercepat respons waktu dalam situasi darurat, dan memperkaya pengalaman perjalanan dengan menjamin keamanan serta komunikasi yang efisien.
ABSTRACTTracking the location between the group leader, such as a tour guide, and group members is essential for ensuring coordination, efficiency, and safety during travels. This research developed a mobile application based on the Android platform to facilitate this need. Utilizing GPS technology, the application allows the group leader to monitor members' real-time locations, disseminate broadcast messages, and ensure all members are within a safe range. Conversely, members can view the leader's location, gauge the distance from their position, and swiftly receive crucial information. Field testing results indicate the application has a location margin error ranging between 1 to 9.1742 meters, with a notification delay of about 1-3 seconds. Despite this delay, real-time communication remains effective. This application can enhance coordination, expedite response times in emergencies, and enrich the travel experience by ensuring safety and efficient communication.
An implementation science systematic review of neurophysiological evidence indicates the tinnitus core network as a therapeutic target
Authors: Burton-Harris Lisa Jane , Sanders Philip Julian , Searchfield Grant D.
Published: December 2023

Identifying and implementing an effective tinnitus treatment has been a challenge. Despite efforts over many decades, there is no definitive cure for tinnitus yet. Implementation science may assist audiology practitioners and end-user patients in their pursuit of a cure by identifying ways to maximize the use of research findings. Within the context of therapeutic interventions, implementation science is the study of a successful treatment–system fit evidenced by use. Research evidence for tinnitus treatment efficacy is dominated by behavioral questionnaires as they are a pragmatic source of patient-driven data. Neurophysiological evidence of the underlying neural network change correlated with these behavioral findings enhances research conclusions and potential use. This implementation science review systematically sourced and analyzed neurophysiological evidence from 29 studies to find that targeting tinnitus core network neuroplasticity may be the most effective tinnitus treatment. Narrow-band sound treatment has the greatest body of correlated neurophysiological-behavioral evidence. This is the first tinnitus implementation science systematic review. It is hoped that new or improved treatments may emerge from pivoting the evidential lens toward the pragmatic use of neurophysiological evidence.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42022335201.
Reconstructing diploid 3D chromatin structures from single cell Hi-C data with a polymer-based approach
Authors: Rothörl Jan , Brems Maarten A. , Stevens Tim J. , Virnau Peter
Published: December 2023

Detailed understanding of the 3D structure of chromatin is a key ingredient to investigate a variety of processes inside the cell. Since direct methods to experimentally ascertain these structures lack the desired spatial fidelity, computational inference methods based on single cell Hi-C data have gained significant interest. Here, we develop a progressive simulation protocol to iteratively improve the resolution of predicted interphase structures by maximum-likelihood association of ambiguous Hi-C contacts using lower-resolution predictions. Compared to state-of-the-art methods, our procedure is not limited to haploid cell data and allows us to reach a resolution of up to 5,000 base pairs per bead. High resolution chromatin models grant access to a multitude of structural phenomena. Exemplarily, we verify the formation of chromosome territories and holes near aggregated chromocenters as well as the inversion of the CpG content for rod photoreceptor cells.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel bi-gold mitocans in lung cancer cells
Authors: Ding Wenwen , Cui Qingbin , Lu Wenhua , Du Yongliang , Luo Yao , Hu Yumin , Huang Peng , Wen Shijun
Published: December 2023

Mitochondria are promising drug target for cancer treatment. We previously demonstrated that a bi-gold compound BGC2a was more potent than the mono-gold drug auranofin in suppressing cancer cells due to increased gold atom number that led to higher drug accumulation in and thereby inhibition of mitochondria. To exploit the potential of this new strategy, we further designed and synthesized a series of bi-gold mitocans, the compounds targeting mitochondria. The results showed that most of the newly synthesized mitocans exhibited obviously lower IC50 than auranofin, an old drug that is repurposed in clinical trials for cancer treatment. The best mitocan C3P4 was nearly 2-fold more potent than BGC2a in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells and mantle cell lymphoma Jeko-1 cells, exhibiting substantial colony formation-suppressing and tumor-suppressing effects in A549 cells xenograft model. C3P4 induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner and arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. The mechanistic study showed that C3P4 significantly increased the global reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide level, and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential. C3P4 preferentially accumulated in mitochondria as measured by the gold content and substantially inhibited oxygen consumption rate and ATP production. These results further validated our hypothesis that targeting mitochondria would be promising to develop more potent anticancer agents. C3P4 may be further evaluated as a drug candidate for lung cancer treatment.
Exploring user perceived beliefs, evaluations, and gratifications in ASM: applying expectancy-value approach for U&G theory on Mastodon instance Liker.social
Authors: Liao Kai Hung
Published: December 2023

This study aims to explore users' perceived beliefs of the decentralized alternative social media (ASM), selecting one of Mastodon instances, Liker. social, as the unique case of exploratory investigation. The study employs the online exploratory survey method and uses purposive sampling to identify 152 valid users actively engaged in the Liker.social. Based on the expectancy-value approach to uses and gratifications theory, the study identifies two factors within users' subjective perceived beliefs: informative decentralized benefits and descriptive centralized benefits. The study also finds that the “Writing messages” is the most important functionality evaluated by users but gets fewer level of gratifications obtained, representing that there is still room for improvement. Additionally, the study presents four types of users based on their combined perceived beliefs: (1) All-benefit Rejectors, (2) All-benefit Obtainers, (3) Former-benefit Conservatives, and (4) Newer-benefit Seekers. Users (2) and (4) stressed more value on overall functionality and obtained more gratifications than users (1) and (3), so users (2) and (4) are the same statistically, having greater evaluations of importance and gratifications obtained for Liker.social than that of users (1) and (3). It signifies that the different users held varying beliefs about the benefits brought by the decentralized ASM. It was concluded that the casual relationship is valid: users' evaluations of importance, informative decentralized benefits combined with descriptive centralized benefits eventually affect the level of users' gratifications obtained on the decentralized ASM. Therefore, further research is needed to pay greater attention to users' feedback and experiences on the decentralized ASM.
Consensus docking aid to model the activity of an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase 1 inspired by de novo design
Authors: Prado-Romero Diana L. , Gómez-García Alejandro , Cedillo-González Raziel , Villegas-Quintero Hassan , Avellaneda-Tamayo Juan F. , López-López Edgar , Saldívar-González Fernanda I. , Chávez-Hernández Ana L. , Medina-Franco José L.
Published: December 2023

The structure-activity relationships data available in public databases of inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), families of epigenetic targets, plus the structural information of DNMT1, enables the development of a robust structure-based drug design strategy to study, at the molecular level, the activity of DNMTs inhibitors. In this study, we discuss a consensus molecular docking strategy to aid in explaining the activity of small molecules tested as inhibitors of DNMT1. The consensus docking approach, which was based on three validated docking algorithms of different designs, had an overall good agreement with the experimental enzymatic inhibition assays reported in the literature. The docking protocol was used to explain, at the molecular level, the activity profile of a novel DNMT1 inhibitor with a distinct chemical scaffold whose identification was inspired byde novodesign and complemented with similarity searching.
Post-pandemic psychosocial variables affecting academic dropout in a sample of Chilean higher-education students
Authors: Martínez-Líbano Jonathan , Yeomans-Cabrera María-Mercedes
Published: December 2023

Introduction

University dropouts are a problem in the Chilean higher education system, which causes psychosocial and economic damage and requires further studies to understand it comprehensively. This study aimed to determine the psychosocial variables influencing the risk of dropping out of the higher education system in a sample of Chilean university students post-pandemic.

Methods

With a sample of 655 students from the Chilean higher education system and with a cross-sectional study design taken in November 2022, a questionnaire was applied with sociodemographic and other variables of interest, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale DASS-21, the EAC-19 Coronavirus Affect Scale, the ECE Emotional Exhaustion Scale; the Okasha Suicide Scale, and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). We performed descriptive, bivariate, and multiple logistic regression analyses through SPSS version 25. Variables with a value of p <0.05 in the final model were declared statistically significant. Odds ratios (OR) were adjusted to 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), which were used to determine the independent predictor variables.

Results

Significant variables for the risk of dropping out of higher education were: failing four or more courses [AOR = 3.434; 95% CI: 1.272, 9.269], having depressive symptoms [AOR = 1.857; 95% CI: 1.214, 2.839], having suicidal ideation and thoughts [AOR = 2.169; 95% CI: 1.509, 3.118], having clinical insomnia [AOR = 2.024; 95% CI: 1.400, 2.927], low parental support [AOR = 1.459; 95% CI: 1.029, 2.069], impaired performance during the pandemic [AOR = 1.882; 95% CI: 1.317, 2.690], and impaired socioeconomic status during the pandemic [AOR = 1.649; 95% CI: 1.153, 2.357].

Conclusion

Chilean higher education institutions should pay attention to the risk factors resulting from this research, such as students with more than four failed courses during their career, depressive symptoms, suicidal thoughts, clinical insomnia, low parental support, and affectation in performance and socioeconomic level during the pandemic, which could contribute to improving academic retention indicators.
Identification of QTLs and allelic effect controlling lignan content in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) using QTL-seq approach
Authors: Kim Sungup , Lee Eunsoo , Lee Jeongeun , An Yeon Ju , Oh Eunyoung , Kim Jung In , Kim Sang Woo , Kim Min Young , Lee Myoung Hee , Cho Kwang-Soo
Published: December 2023

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), an oilseed crop, is gaining worldwide recognition for its healthy functional ingredients as consumption increases. The content of lignans, known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, is a key agronomic trait that determines the industrialization of sesame. However, the study of the genetics and physiology of lignans in sesame is challenging, as they are influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors, therefore, the understanding of gene function and synthetic pathways related to lignan in sesame is still limited. To address these knowledge gaps, we conducted genetic analyses using F7 recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations derived from Goenbaek and Gomazou as low and high lignin content variants, respectively. Using the QTL-seq approach, we identified three loci, qLignan1-1, qLignan6-1, and qLignan11-1, that control lignan content, specifically sesamin and sesamolin. The allelic effect between loci was evaluated using the RIL population. qLignan6-1 had an additive effect that increased lignan content when combined with the other two loci, suggesting that it could be an important factor in gene pyramiding for the development of high-lignan varieties. This study not only highlights the value of sesame lignan, but also provides valuable insights for the development of high-lignan varieties through the use of DNA markers in breeding strategies. Overall, this research contributes to our understanding of the importance of sesame oil and facilitates progress in sesame breeding for improved lignan content.
Robust memory humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in the tonsils of adults and children
Authors: Altorki Tarfa A. , Abdulal Rwaa H. , Suliman Bandar A. , Aljeraisi Talal M. , Alsharef Asem , Abdulaal Wesam H. , Alfaleh Mohamed A. , Algaissi Abdullah A. , Alhabbab Rowa Y. , Ozbak Hani , Eid Hamza Mohammed , Almutawif Yahya Ahmad , Li Xuguang , Al-Rabia Mohammed W. , Zhang Qibo , Mahmoud Ahmed Bakur , Mahallawi Waleed H. , Hashem Anwar M.
Published: December 2023

Background

Adaptive humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 has mainly been evaluated in peripheral blood. Human secondary lymphoid tissues (such as tonsils) contain large numbers of plasma cells that secrete immunoglobulins at mucosal sites. Yet, the role of mucosal memory immunity induced by vaccines or natural infection against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants is not fully understood.

Methods

Tonsillar mononuclear cells (TMNCs) from adults (n=10) and children (n=11) were isolated and stimulated using positive SARS-CoV-2 nasal swabs. We used endpoint enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the measurement of anti-S1, -RBD, and -N IgG antibody levels and a pseudovirus microneutralization assay to assess neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in paired serum and supernatants from stimulated TMNCs.

Results

Strong systemic humoral response in previously SARS-CoV-2 infected and vaccinated adults and children was observed in accordance with the reported history of the participants. Interestingly, we found a significant increase in anti-RBD IgG (305 and 834 folds) and anti-S1 IgG (475 and 443 folds) in the stimulated TMNCs from adults and children, respectively, compared to unstimulated cells. Consistently, the stimulated TMNCs secreted higher levels of nAbs against the ancestral Wuhan strain and the Omicron BA.1 variant compared to unstimulated cells by several folds. This increase was seen in all participants including children with no known history of infection, suggesting that these participants might have been previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 and that not all asymptomatic cases necessarily could be detected by serum antibodies. Furthermore, nAb levels against both strains were significantly correlated in adults (r=0.8788; p = 0.0008) and children (r = 0.7521; p = 0.0076), and they strongly correlated with S1 and RBD-specific IgG antibodies.

Conclusion

Our results provide evidence for persistent mucosal humoral memory in tonsils from previously infected and/or vaccinated adults and children against recent and old variants upon re-exposure. They also highlight the importance of targeting mucosal sites with vaccines to help control infection at the primary sites and prevent potential breakthrough infections.
Unraveling the enigma of B cells in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: unveiling cancer stem cell-like B cell subpopulation at single-cell resolution
Authors: Liu Fengling , Zheng Jie , Yang Gaohui , Pan Lin , Xie Yanni , Chen Siyu , Tuo Jinwei , Su Jinxia , Ou Xiuyi , Liu Rongrong
Published: December 2023

Background

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represents the most prevalent form of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Despite receiving standard treatment, a subset of patients undergoes refractory or recurrent cases, wherein the involvement of cancer stem cells (CSCs) could be significant.

Methods

We comprehensively characterized B cell subpopulations using single-cell RNA sequencing data from three DLBCL samples and one normal lymph tissue. The CopyKat R package was employed to assess the malignancy of B cell subpopulations based on chromosomal copy number variations. CIBERSORTx software was utilized to estimate the proportions of B cell subpopulations in 230 DLBCL tissues. Furthermore, we employed the pySCENIC to identify key transcription factors that regulate the functionality of B cell subpopulations. By employing CellphoneDB, we elucidated the interplay among tumor microenvironment components within the B cell subpopulations. Finally, we validated our findings through immunofluorescence experiments.

Results

Our analysis revealed a specific cancer stem cell-like B cell subpopulation exhibiting self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capabilities based on the exploration of B cell subpopulations in DLBCL and normal lymph tissues at the single-cell level. Notably, a high infiltration of cancer stem cell-like B cells correlated with a poor prognosis, potentially due to immune evasion mediated by low expression of major histocompatibility complex molecules. Furthermore, we identified key transcription factor regulatory networks regulated by HMGB3, SAP30, and E2F8, which likely played crucial roles in the functional characterization of the cancer stem cell-like B cell subpopulation. The existence of cancer stem cell-like B cells in DLBCL was validated through immunofluorescent staining. Finally, cell communication between B cells and tumor-infiltrating T cell subgroups provided further insights into the functional characterization of the cancer stem cell-like B cell subpopulation.

Conclusions

Our research provides a systematic description of a specific cancer stem cell-like B cell subpopulation associated with a poor prognosis in DLBCL. This study enhances our understanding of CSCs and identifies potential therapeutic targets for refractory or recurrent DLBCL patients.
Molecular identification and nutritional analysis of green tide algae in the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao, China
Authors: Li Yan , Ma Xiaojun , Jiang Meijie , Song Wei , Wang Gang , Han Hongbin
Published: December 2023

Since 2015, the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao in Hebei province, China have experienced green tide disasters for consecutive years. Resource utilization is an important measure for preventing and controlling green tides. To comprehensively utilize green tide algae, this study first identified theses green tide algae and then assessed their nutritional value. Based on analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 5S spacer regions (5S) and the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase I (COI), the dominant species were Ulva prolifera, Bryopsis plumose, Ulva australis, and Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. The basic nutritional components, i.e., chlorophyll, amino acids, mineral elements, and heavy metal contents, of these four algae were measured and analyzed, and the four dominant species were shown to be high-nutrient-value marine foods with complete and reasonable protein, amino acid, and mineral compositions. This indicates that there is value in further research and development towards their utilization as nutrient sources. This study provides a basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of green tide algae resources in the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao.
Global analysis of marine plastics and implications of control measure strategies
Authors: Yu Ren-Shou , Yang Ying-Fei , Singh Sher
Published: December 2023

Plastic pollution is a global environmental crisis that threatens marine ecosystems and human health. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of plastic pollution in oceans worldwide. We examined data on global plastic production, annual estimates of plastic emissions to oceans from different countries, surface plastic mass by ocean basin, the share of global plastic waste emitted to the ocean, the share of ocean plastics that come from the largest emitting rivers, microplastics in the surface ocean, and plastic mass and particles across the world surface ocean. Our analysis revealed alarming trends, such as the significant increase in plastic production since the 1950s and the projected estimate of up to 12,000 million metric tons of plastic waste in the natural environment by 2050. Additionally, we found that more than 1000 rivers account for 80% of global annual emissions, with Asia contributing the highest estimate of plastic emissions, followed by Africa, South America, North America, Europe, and Oceania. Furthermore, our findings showed that the largest contributors to ocean plastic waste are macroplastics, mesoplastics, and microplastics, with small microplastics dominating the percentage of surface ocean plastic by particle count. The recycling and reuse of waste plastics implement the concept of sustainable development of recycling and offsets the carbon emissions in the environment, potentially obtaining more carbon credits. Our findings highlight the urgent need for coordinated global efforts to reduce plastic waste and prevent further harm to our oceans, incorporating recycling and reuse strategies as key components of comprehensive control measures.
Biological control of potato common scab and growth promotion of potato by Bacillus velezensis Y6
Authors: Tao Huan , Wang Shisong , Li Xiaoyu , Li Xiaobo , Cai Jianying , Zhao Lanfeng , Wang Jia , Zeng Ji , Qin Yuzhi , Xiong Xingyao , Cai Yanfei
Published: December 2023

Potato common scab, caused mainly by Streptomyces scabies, causes surface necrosis and reduces the economic value of potato tubers, but effective chemical control is still lacking. In this study, an attempt was made to control potato common scab by inoculating potatoes with Bacillus velezensis (B. velezensis) and to further investigate the mechanism of biological control. The results showed that B. velezensis Y6 could reduce the disease severity of potato common scab from 49.92 ± 25.74% [inoculated with Streptomyces scabies (S. scabies) only] to 5.56 ± 1.89% (inoculated with S. scabies and Y6 on the same day) and increase the potato yield by 37.32% compared with the control under pot experiment in this study. Moreover, in the field trial, it was found that Y6 could also significantly reduce disease severity from 13.20 ± 1.00% to 4.00 ± 0.70% and increase the potato yield from 2.07 ± 0.10 ton/mu to 2.87 ± 0.28 ton/mu (p < 0.01; Tukey’s test). Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis indicated that 256 potato genes were upregulated and 183 potato genes were downregulated in response to B. velezensis Y6 inoculation. In addition, strain Y6 was found to induce the expression of plant growth-related genes in potato, including cell wall organization, biogenesis, brassinosteroid biosynthesis, and plant hormone transduction genes, by 1.01–4.29 times. As well as up-regulate hydroquinone metabolism-related genes and several transcription factors (bHLH, MYB, and NAC) by 1.13–4.21 times. In summary, our study will help to understand the molecular mechanism of biological control of potato common scab and improve potato yield.
Dexmedetomidine, an alpha 2A receptor agonist, triggers seizures unilaterally in GAERS during the pre-epileptic phase: does the onset of spike-and-wave discharges occur in a focal manner?
Authors: Yavuz Melis , İyiköşker Pelin , Mutlu Nursima , Kiliçparlar Serra , Şalci Öykü Hazal , Dolu Gökçen , Kaymakçilar Elif Nur , Akkol Serdar , Onat Filiz
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The genetic absence epilepsy rat from Strasbourg (GAERS) is a rat model for infantile absence epilepsy with spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs). This study aimed to investigate the potential of alpha 2A agonism to induce seizures during the pre-epileptic period in GAERS rats.

Methods

Stereotaxic surgery was performed on male pups and adult GAERS rats to implant recording electrodes in the frontoparietal cortices (right/left) under anesthesia (PN23–26). Following the recovery period, pup GAERS rats were subjected to electroencephalography (EEG) recordings for 2 h. Before the injections, pup epileptiform activity was examined using baseline EEG data. Dexmedetomidine was acutely administered at 0.6 mg/kg to pup GAERS rats 2–3 days after the surgery and once during the post-natal (PN) days 25–29. Epileptiform activities before injections triggered unilateral SWDs and induced sleep durations, and power spectral density was evaluated based on EEG traces.

Results

The most prominent finding of this study is that unilateral SWD-like activities were induced in 47% of the animals with the intraperitoneal dexmedetomidine injection. The baseline EEGs of pup GAERS rats had no SWDs as expected since they are in the pre-epileptic period but showed low-amplitude non-rhythmic epileptiform activity. There was no difference in the duration of epileptiform activities between the basal EEG groups and DEX-injected unilateral SWD-like-exhibiting and non-SWD-like activities groups; however, the sleep duration of the unilateral SWD-like-exhibiting group was shorter. Power spectrum density (PSD) results revealed that the 1.75-Hz power in the left hemisphere peaks significantly higher than in the right.

Discussion

As anticipated, pup GAERS rats in the pre-epileptic stage showed no SWDs. Nevertheless, they exhibited sporadic epileptiform activities. Specifically, dexmedetomidine induced SWD-like activities solely within the left hemisphere. These observations imply that absence seizures might originate unilaterally in the left cortex due to α2AAR agonism. Additional research is necessary to explore the precise cortical focal point of this activity.
Glucose-sensitive hypothalamic nuclei traced through functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Manuel Jorge , Halbe Eva , Ewald Ann Charlotte , Hoff Alex , Jordan Jens , Tank Jens , Heusser Karsten , Gerlach Darius A.
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Hypothalamic glucose-sensitive neural circuits, which regulate energy metabolism and can contribute to diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, have been difficult to study in humans. We developed an approach to assess hypothalamic functional connectivity changes during glucose loading using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Methods

To do so, we conducted oral glucose tolerance tests while acquiring functional images before, and 10 and 45 min after glucose ingestion in a healthy male and cross-sectionally in 20 healthy participants on two different diets.

Results

At group level, 39 fMRI sessions were not sufficient to detect glucose-mediated connectivity changes. However, 10 repeated sessions in a single subject revealed significant intrinsic functional connectivity increases 45 min after glucose intake in the arcuate, paraventricular, and dorsomedial nuclei, as well as in the posterior hypothalamic area, median eminence, and mammillary bodies.

Discussion

Our methodology allowed to outline glucose-sensitive hypothalamic pathways in a single human being and holds promise in delineating individual pathophysiology mechanisms in patients with dysglycemia.
Curcuphenols facilitate the immune driven attenuation of metastatic tumour growth
Authors: Ellis Samantha L. S. , Nohara Lilian L. , Dada Sarah , Saranchova Iryna , Munro Lonna , Choi Kyung Bok , Garrovillas Emmanuel , Pfeifer Cheryl G. , Williams David E. , Cheng Ping , Andersen Raymond J. , Jefferies Wilfred A.
Published: December 2023

One of the primary obstacles in current cancer treatments lies in the extensive heterogeneity of genetic and epigenetic changes that occur in each arising tumour. However, an additional challenge persists, as certain types of cancer display shared immune deficiencies in the antigen processing machinery (APM). This includes the downregulation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules, which serve as peptide antigen receptors for T lymphocyte recognition that plays a crucial role in killing emerging tumours. Consequently, this contributes to immune escape in metastatic disease. Notably, current cell-based immunotherapies primarily focusing on T lymphocytes and the implementation of immune checkpoint inhibitor modalities have largely ignored the crucial task of reversing immune escape. This oversight may explain the limited success of these approaches becoming more effective cancer immunotherapies. Hence, there is a critical need to prioritize the discovery of new therapeutic candidates that can effectively address immune escape and synergize with evolving immunotherapy strategies. In this context, we identified curcuphenol in a cell-based screen from a library of marine extracts as a chemical entity that reverses the immune-escape phenotype of metastatic cancers. To advance these findings toward clinical efficacy, the present study describes the synthesis of analogues of naturally occurring curcuphenol with enhanced chemical properties and biological efficacy. Here we test the hypothesis that these curcuphenol analogues can evoke the power of the immune system to reduce the growth of metastatic disease in tumour bearing animals. Our findings indicate that these compounds effectively restore the expression of APM genes in metastatic tumours and inhibit the growth of highly invasive tumours in preclinical models, thereby counteracting the common immune evasion phenomenon observed in metastatic cancers. We conclude that cancer immunotherapies capable of boosting APM expression, hold great potential in maximizing the effectiveness of immune blockade inhibitors and eradicating invasive tumours.
Physical activity influences adherence to pharmacological treatments in patients with severe mental disorders: results from the multicentric, randomized controlled LIFESTYLE trial
Authors: Sampogna Gaia , Luciano Mario , Di Vincenzo Matteo , Toni Claudia , D’Ambrosio Enrico , Rampino Antonio , Rossi Alessandro , Rossi Rodolfo , Amore Mario , Calcagno Pietro , Siracusano Alberto , Niolu Cinzia , Dell’Osso Liliana , Carpita Barbara ,   LIFESTYLE Working Group, Fiorillo Andrea
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Poor adherence to pharmacological treatment is frequent in people with severe mental disorders and it often causes lack of effectiveness of many psychotropic drugs. Thus, efforts should be made to improve adherence to pharmacological treatments in patients with these disorders.

Methods: In this paper, based on the LIFESTYLE randomized, controlled multicentric trial, we aim to: 1) assess the level of adherence in a real-world sample of patients with severe mental disorders; 2) evaluate differences in treatment adherence according to patients’ socio-demographic and clinical characteristics; 3) evaluate the impact of an innovative psychosocial intervention, on patients’ adherence to treatments. The Lifestyle Psychosocial Group Intervention consists of group sessions, focused on different lifestyle behaviours, including healthy diet; physical activity; smoking habits; medication adherence; risky behaviours; and regular circadian rhythms. At end of each session a 20-min moderate physical activity is performed by the whole group.

Results: The sample consists of 402 patients, mainly female (57.1%, N = 229), with a mean age of 45.6 years (±11.8). Less than 40% of patients reported a good adherence to pharmacological treatments. Adherence to treatments was not influenced by gender, age, diagnosis and duration of illness. At the end of the intervention, patients receiving the experimental intervention reported a significant improvement in the levels of adherence to treatments (T0: 35.8% vs. T3: 47.6%, p < 0.005). Patients practicing moderate physical activity reported a two-point improvement in the levels of adherence [odds ratio (OR): 1,542; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1,157–2,055; p < 0.001], even after controlling for several confounding factors.

Discussion: The experimental lifestyle intervention, which can be easily implemented in the routine clinical practice of mental health centres, was effective in improving adherence to pharmacological treatments.
PE-Net: a parallel framework for 3D inferior mesenteric artery segmentation
Authors: Zhang Kun , Xu Peixia , Wang Meirong , Lin Pengcheng , Crookes Danny , He Bosheng , Hua Liang
Published: December 2023

The structural morphology of mesenteric artery vessels is of significant importance for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. However, developing automated vessel segmentation methods for this purpose remains challenging. Existing convolution-based segmentation methods have limitations in capturing long-range dependencies, while transformer-based models require large datasets, making them less suitable for tasks with limited training samples. Moreover, over-segmentation, mis-segmentation, and vessel discontinuity are common challenges in vessel segmentation tasks. To address these issues, we propose a parallel encoding architecture that combines transformers and convolutions to retain the advantages of both approaches. The model effectively learns position deviations and enhances robustness for small-scale datasets. Additionally, we introduce a vessel edge capture module to improve vessel continuity and topology. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the improved performance of our model, with Dice Similarity Coefficient and Average Hausdorff Distance scores of 81.64% and 7.7428, respectively.
Physiologic dentin regeneration: its past, present, and future perspectives
Authors: Lee Myungjin , Lee Yoon Seon , Shon Won-Jun , Park Joo-Cheol
Published: December 2023

Regenerative dentistry has rapidly progressed since the advancement of stem cell biology and material science. However, more emphasis has been placed on the success of tissue formation than on how well the newly generated tissue retains the original structure and function. Once dentin is lost, tertiary dentinogenesis can be induced by new odontoblastic differentiation or re-activation of existing odontoblasts. The characteristic morphology of odontoblasts generates the tubular nature of dentin, which is a reservoir of fluid, ions, and a number of growth factors, and protects the inner pulp tissue. Therefore, understanding the dynamic but delicate process of new dentin formation by odontoblasts, or odontoblast-like cells, following dentinal defects is crucial. In this regard, various efforts have been conducted to identify novel molecules and materials that can promote the regeneration of dentin with strength and longevity. In this review, we focus on recent progress in dentin regeneration research with biological molecules identified, and discuss its potential in future clinical applications.
Effectiveness of compassion-based online therapy on suicidal thoughts and pain catastrophizing in female patients with multiple sclerosis in the relapsing–remitting phase
Authors: Mohamadpour Fahimeh
Published: December 2023

Introduction

According to research, multiple sclerosis is related to suicidal thoughts and pain catastrophizing as psycho-pathological variables, and on the other hand, compassion-based treatment can reduce mental disorders by targeting dimensions such as self-compassion. Also, since this disease is progressive and over time can cause movement restrictions in these people, online psychotherapy can be a better option for these people. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of online compassion therapy on suicidal thoughts and pain catastrophizing in female patients with multiple sclerosis.

Methods

The current research was applied and quasi-experimental in a pre-test-post-test manner with a control group. The research sample consisted of 30 patients with multiple sclerosis living in Shiraz in 2019, who were randomly divided into two 15-person experimental and control groups. The participants were tested on scales of suicidal thoughts and pain catastrophizing, and the treatment plan based on compassion therapy was presented to the participants of the experimental group in 8 two-hour sessions online. The control group was placed on the waiting list until the completion of the treatment sessions and the post-test implementation, and after the post-test implementation, they received the treatment. Control variables in this study included gender and disease phase. Then, their scores were measured, after completing the treatment, and a three-month follow-up period. Descriptive statistics and covariance test were used to analyze the data.

Results

Patients showed a clear improvement in the severity of symptoms in both variables. So that the scores of suicidal thoughts and pain catastrophizing in the experimental group after receiving the treatment, as well as after a three-month follow-up period, were significantly reduced (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Confirming the effectiveness of online therapy based on compassion on improving psychological outcomes in these patients, as an effective and online treatment method, is a clear step towards continuing the implementation of psychological interventions and paying attention to the dimension of mental health in this group of people.
Twenty years of emotional-behavioral problems of community adolescents living in Italy measured through the Achenbach system of empirically based assessment (ASEBA): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pace Cecilia Serena , Muzi Stefania , Frigerio Alessandra , Morganti Wanda , Bianchi Victoria , Rogier Guyonne
Published: December 2023

Background

This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of emotional and behavioral problems among Italian community adolescents in the last 20 years, as assessed through the ASEBA questionnaires CBCL 6–18, YSR 11–18 and TRF 6–18. Research questions address: (1) pooled means of problems’ scores in questionnaires scales; (2–3) variations in scores according to sociodemographic and time-related factors, and studies’ quality; (4) trends in research with ASEBA instruments along with other outcomes, e.g., psychopathological symptoms.

Methods

A systematic literature review of Scopus, EBSCO, PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines was conducted on November, 2021, and of grey literature on December, 2021. The quality of studies was assessed through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Results

Forty-four studies were eligible for the systematic review, of which 34 were included for meta-analysis. Results showed that: (1) emotional-behavioral problems were higher when assessed by the CBCL and lower when assessed by the YSR compared to normative data; (2) there were no gender and age differences, except for higher scores of Anxious/Depression symptoms, in girls. (3) internalizing and attention problems increased over the last two decades. (4) major trends of Italian research investigate adolescents’ emotional behavioral problems concerning attachment, comorbid symptoms, especially internet addictions, and eating disorders.

Discussion

Despite some limitations (e.g., low-medium quality of most studies, no data on the TRF, under-representation of some geographical areas, some search-related choices), these data provides Italian practitioners and international researchers of some parameter to evaluate Italian adolescents emotional-behavioral problems. Registered on PROSPERO N. CRD42022299999.
Risk factors of oncogenic HPV infection in HIV-positive men with anal condyloma acuminata in Shenzhen, Southeast China: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Jiaxin , Yang Rongqing , Zhao Xiaobao , Chu Wenzhu , Li Dapeng , Wang Fuxiang , Wei Lanlan
Published: December 2023

Background

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients with anal condyloma acuminata (CA) present an increased risk of anal cancer progression associated with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. It is essential to explore determinants of anal infection by oncogenic HPV among HIV-positive patients with CA.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was performed in HIV-positive patients with CA between January 2019 to October 2021 in Shenzhen, Southeast China. Exfoliated cells were collected from CA lesions and the anal canal of HPV genotypes detected by fluorescence PCR. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to probe associations of independent variables with oncogenic HPV infection.

Results

Among HIV-positive patients with CA, the most prevalent oncogenic genotypes were HPV52 (29.43%), HPV16 (28.93%), HPV59 (19.20%), and HPV18 (15.96%). Risk of oncogenic HPV infection increased with age at enrollment (COR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.07, p = 0.022). In the multivariable analysis, age ≥ 35 years (AOR: 2.56, 95% CI: 1.20–5.70, p = 0.02) and history of syphilis (AOR: 3.46, 95% CI: 1.90–6.79, p < 0.01) were independent risk factors statistically associated with oncogenic HPV infection. History of syphilis (AOR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.08–2.73, p < 0.02) was also an independent risk factor statistically associated with HPV16 or HPV18 infection.

Conclusion

In clinical practice, HIV-positive CA patients aged ≥35 years or with a history of syphilis should carry out HR-HPV testing and even anal cancer-related examinations to prevent the occurrence of anal cancer.
Racial disparities affect the association between gestational urinary phthalate mixtures and infant genital measures
Authors: Varde Meghana , Newman Roger B. , Wenzel Abby G. , Kucklick John R. , Wineland Rebecca J. , Brock John W. , Bloom Michael S.
Published: December 2023

Background

Phthalates are ubiquitous anti-androgenic endocrine disrupting chemicals found in personal care products, medications, and many plastics. Studies have shown a racial disparity in phthalates exposure among U.S. women, which may also impact fetal development.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study of gestational exposure to a phthalates mixture in a racially-diverse population to determine their association with genital development. Mid-gestation (18–22 weeks) urine was collected from 152 women who self-identified as non-Hispanic Black and 158 women who self-identified as non-Hispanic White in Charleston, South Carolina between 2011 and 2014. We measured eight phthalate monoester metabolites in urine using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. Mid-gestational penile dimensions were measured using ultrasound and anogenital distances were measured postnatally. We used Bayesian kernel machine regression to estimate the associations among the mixture of phthalate metabolites and mid-gestation penile dimensions and postnatal anogenital distance measures among singleton male (n = 179) and female (n = 131) infants, adjusted for urinary specific gravity, maternal age, body mass index, education level, cigarette smoking, and gestational age at enrollment or birth weight z-score.

Results

We found a stronger association between greater phthalates and decreased anopenile distance among infants born to women who self-identified as Black. Mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) was the driving mixture component among Black women, and monobutyl phthalate (MBP) and monoethyl phthalate (MEP) were drivers among White women. We also identified a non-linear association between phthalates and lesser ultrasound penile volume among women who self-identified as Black with monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP) and MBP being most important. We also found an association between greater phthalates and shorter anoclitoral distance among infants born to women who self-identified as Black, with MEP and monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) contributing most to this association.

Conclusion

Our results suggest a disparity in the association between gestational exposure to a mixture of phthalates and fetal genital development among women who self-identified as Black compared to White.
The Antarctic Silicon Trap
Authors: Closset Ivia , Cassarino Lucie
Published: December 2023

The Southern Ocean, the ocean encircling Antarctica, has been described by explorers as cold, empty, and dangerous. Despite this, it is a paradise for tiny algae called diatoms that are crucial players in the regulation of our climate. Why are these tiny organisms so happy in this cold and far away ocean? Diatoms have a solid shell made of a glass-like material called silica, so they need to find silicon in surface waters to build it. The Southern Ocean is the perfect place for diatoms because it is full of silicon compared to the other oceans. This is due to a special phenomenon called the silicon pump, which makes the Southern Ocean a giant trap for silicon. In this article, we point out the central role of the Southern Ocean in the regulation of Earth’s climate and how it controls the distribution of silicon and the wellbeing of diatoms in Antarctic waters.