bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of a Quadruped Robot with Morphological Adaptation through Reconfigurable Sprawling Structure and Method
Authors: Yuan Jiwei , Wang Shuangjie , Wang Bingcheng , Shi Ruizhuo , Wu Xuan , Li Lei , Li Weipeng , Wang Zhouyi , Dai Zhendong
Published: April 2024

Morphological adaptation is crucial for animals and robots in navigating unstructured environments. In this article, a quadruped robot with a reconfigurable sprawl posture and posture transformation strategy is proposed, which can transform between different sprawl postures to cope with complex environments and adapt to a dorsal downward fall posture through reverse sprawling. First, the function and structure of the robot are described, including an analysis of the Hawken mechanism's endpoint trajectories and a regional examination of the robot leg's fundamental components, establishing a relationship between the trajectory characteristics and linkage length. Second, the robot posture transformation strategy is analysed, obtaining the geometric dimensional constraints and feasibility regions of the posture transformation. The posture transformation process is quantified, and the robot transformation gait and drive functions are designed. The robot gait and velocity regulation are implemented based on a neural control architecture. Finally, the robot's locomotion and posture transformation are tested using four high‐speed cameras. The results show that the robot can crawl on an inclined surface and continue crawling in a dorsal downward posture post‐fall. Additionally, the robot effectively navigates obstacles and narrow spaces after posture transformation.
Sheet‐Based Fluidic Diodes for Embedded Fluidic Circuitry in Soft Devices
Authors: Vo Vi T. , Rajappan Anoop , Jumet Barclay , Bell Marquise D. , Urbina Sofia , Preston Daniel J.
Published: April 2024

The recent development of soft fluidic analogs to electrical components aims to reduce the demand for rigid and bulky electromechanical valves and hard electronic controllers within soft robots. This ongoing effort is advanced in this work by creating sheet‐based fluidic diodes constructed from readily available flexible sheets of polymers and textiles using a layered fabrication approach amenable to manufacturing at scale. These sheet‐based fluidic diodes restrict reverse flow over a wide range of differential pressures—exhibiting a diodicity (the ratio of resistance to reverse vs forward flow) of approximately 100×—to address functional limitations exhibited by prior soft fluidic diodes. By harnessing the diode's highly unidirectional flow, soft devices capable of 1) facilitating the capture and storage of pressurized fluid, 2) performing Boolean operations using diode logic, 3) enabling binary encoding of circuits by preventing interactions between different pressurized input lines, and 4) converting oscillating input pressures to a direct current‐like, positively phased output are realized. This work exemplifies the use of fluidic diodes to achieve complex patterns of actuation and unique capabilities through embedded fluidic circuitry, enabling future development of sheet‐based systems—including wearable and assistive robots made from textiles—as well as other soft robotic devices.
Multiscale Textile‐Based Haptic Interactions
Authors: Zook Zane A. , Jumet Barclay , Yousaf Anas , Preston Daniel J. , O’Malley Marcia K.
Published: April 2024

Wearable haptic devices transmit information via touch receptors in the skin, yet devices located on parts of the body with high densities of receptors, such as fingertips and hands, impede interactions. Other locations that are well‐suited for wearables, such as the wrists and arms, suffer from lower perceptual sensitivity. The emergence of textile‐based wearable devices introduces new techniques of fabrication that can be leveraged to address these constraints and enable new modes of haptic interactions. This article formalizes the concept of “multiscale” interaction, an untapped paradigm for haptic wearables, enabling enhanced delivery of information via textile‐based haptic modules. In this approach, users choose the depth and detail of their haptic experiences by varying their interaction mode. Flexible prototyping methods enable multiscale haptic bands that provide both body‐scale interactions (on the forearm) and hand‐scale interactions (on the fingers and palm). A series of experiments assess participants’ ability to identify pressure states and spatial locations delivered by these bands across these interaction scales. A final experiment demonstrates the encoding of three‐bit information into prototypical multiscale interactions, showcasing the paradigm's efficacy. This research lays the groundwork for versatile haptic communication and wearable design, offering users the ability to select interaction modes for receiving information.
Identification of a de novo PUF60 variant associated with craniofacial microsomia
Authors: Ogawa Takuya , Xue Jingyi , Guo Long , Inoue‐Arai Maristela Sayuri , Vendramini‐Pittoli Siulan , Zechi‐Ceide Roseli Maria , Candido‐Souza Rosana Maria , Tonello Cristiano , Brandão Michele Madeira , Ozawa Terumi Okada , Peixoto Adriano Porto , Ruiz Daniela Maria Cury Ferreira , Nakashima Tomoki , Ikegawa Shiro , Moriyama Keiji , Kokitsu‐Nakata Nancy Mizue
Published: April 2024

Craniofacial microsomia (CFM), also known as the oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum, is a congenital disorder characterized by hypoplasia of the mandible and external ear due to tissue malformations originating from the first and second branchial arches. However, distinguishing it from other syndromes of branchial arch abnormalities is difficult, and causal variants remain unidentified in many cases. In this report, we performed an exome sequencing analysis of a Brazilian family with CFM. The proband was a 12‐month‐old boy with clinical findings consistent with the diagnostic criteria for CFM, including unilateral mandibular hypoplasia, microtia, and external auditory canal abnormalities. A heterozygous de novo nonsense variant (c.713C>G, p.S238*) in PUF60 was identified, which was predicted to be pathogenic in silico. PUF60 has been reported as a causal gene in Verheij syndrome, but not in CFM. Although the boy showed craniofacial abnormalities and developmental delay that overlapped with Verheij syndrome, the facial asymmetry with unilateral hypoplasia of the mandible observed in this case did not match the previously reported phenotypes of PUF60 variants. Our findings expand the phenotypic range of PUF60 variants that cover CFM and Verheij syndrome.
Endoscopic surgical field clarity index: An artificial intelligence‐based measure of transnasal endoscopic surgical field quality
Authors: Poche John N. , Hernandez Stephen C. , Melder Katie L. , Dunham Michael E. , Nuss Daniel W. , Fang Zhide
Published: April 2024

Key points

Clear visualization during transnasal endoscopic surgery (TNES) is crucial for safe, efficient surgery.

The endoscopic surgical field clarity index (ESFCI) is an artificial intelligence‐enabled measure of surgical field quality.

The ESFCI allows researchers to evaluate interventions to improve visualization during TNES.
Type I [4σ+4π] versus [4σ+4π−1] Cycloaddition To Access Medium‐Sized Carbocycles and Discovery of a Liver X Receptor β‐Selective Ligand
Authors: Jiang Cheng , Hu Lingfei , Shen Shuna , Zhang Jianyu , Wang Xi , Ma Dongxu , Lu Gang , Xu Tao
Published: April 2024

Transition‐metal‐catalyzed [4+4] cycloaddition leading to cyclooctanoids has centered on dimerization between 1,3‐diene‐type substrates. Herein, we describe a [4σ+4π−1] and [4σ+4π] cycloaddition strategy to access 7/8‐membered fused carbocycles through rhodium‐catalyzed coupling between the 4σ‐donor (benzocyclobutenones) and pendant diene (4π) motifs. The two pathways can be controlled by adjusting the solvated CO concentration. A broad range (>40 examples) of 5–6–7 and 5–6–8 polyfused carbocycles was obtained in good yields (up to 90 %). DFT calculations, kinetic monitoring and 13C‐labeling experiments were carried out, suggesting a plausible mechanism. Notably, one 5–6–7 tricycle was found to be a very rare, potent, and selective ligand for the liver X receptor β (KD=0.64 μM), which is a potential therapeutic target for cholesterol‐metabolism‐related fatal diseases.
Oxygen Vacancies Boosted Hydronium Intercalation: A Paradigm Shift in Aluminum‐Based Batteries
Authors: Huang Chengxiang , Jiang Zhou , Liu Fuxi , Li Wenwen , Liang Qing , Zhao Zhenzhen , Ge Xin , Song Kexin , Zheng Lirong , Zhou Xinyan , Qiao Sifan , Zhang Wei , Zheng Weitao
Published: April 2024

In aqueous aluminum‐ion batteries (AAIBs), the insertion/extraction chemistry of Al3+ often leads to poor kinetics, whereas the rapid diffusion kinetics of hydronium ions (H3O+) may offer the solution. However, the presence of considerable Al3+ in the electrolyte hinders the insertion reaction of H3O+. Herein, we report how oxygen‐deficient α‐MoO3 nanosheets unlock selective H3O+ insertion in a mild aluminum‐ion electrolyte. The abundant oxygen defects impede the insertion of Al3+ due to excessively strong adsorption, while allowing H3O+ to be inserted/diffused through the Grotthuss proton conduction mechanism. This research advances our understanding of the mechanism behind selective H3O+ insertion in mild electrolytes.
Novel RP‐HPLC method for estimation of a newly developed combination of tizanidine and etoricoxib in rat plasma: Eight criteria for greens evaluation
Authors: Assirey Eman A. , Ahmed Hoda A. , AL‐Faze Rawan , Amin M. S. , Mahgoub Samar M. , Abo El‐Ela Fatma I. , Mohamed Mahmoud A.
Published: April 2024

A novel environmentally friendly reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) method has been effectively validated for simultaneously measuring a prospective conjunction of tizanidine (TIZ) and etoricoxib (ETC), the combined medicine, in rat plasma. The technique employs diclofenac potassium as the internal standard, guaranteeing dependable and precise outcomes. This study aimed to assess the impact of the suggested combination therapy on treating inflammation resulting from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a rat model. The procedure was performed using an Agilent series 1200 model HPLC apparatus. The chromatographic conditions consist of isocratic elution mode, C18 column with dimensions of 150 mm × 4.6 mm × 5 µm, flow rate of 1.5 mL/min, wavelength of 230 nm, temperature of 50°C, and injection volume of 10 µL. The elution was performed using a mobile phase consisting of a phosphate buffer with a pH of 3.5 and acetonitrile in a ratio of 80:20 v/v. Calibration curves were conducted for TIZ and ETC within the 1–50 µg/mL range, demonstrating linear trends with R2 values over 0.999. The effectiveness and eco‐friendliness of the proposed method were evaluated using eight separate environmentally conscious metrics. The addition of TIZ and ETC to arthritic rodents amplified these effects significantly. Furthermore, TIZ and ETC significantly reduced serum levels in arthritic rodents, and safety investigations revealed normal complete blood count, liver, and renal functions. TIZ and ETC appear to have antiarthritic, anti‐inflammatory, and safe combinations, making them viable future treatment options for RA that are also safe and efficacious. Following validation by United States Food and Drug Administration (US‐FDA) rules, all goods met the criteria.
Reactivity of a Linear 2‐Germapropadiene with Acids, Ketones, and Amines
Authors: Sugamata Koh , Asakawa Teppei , Minoura Mao
Published: April 2024

The reactivity of an isolable 2‐germapropadiene with acids, ketones, and amines was investigated. The reactions of 2‐germapropagiene 1 with hydrogen chloride and acetic acid afforded the corresponding dichlorogermane (2) and diacetoxygermane (3), respectively, indicating that the central germanium atom of 1 is electrophilic. The reaction of 1 with benzaldehyde proceeds via a formal [2+2] cycloaddition to afford the corresponding spiro compound (4). Moreover, 1 reacts smoothly with acetone to furnish germane 5, which contains a six‐membered ring involving two acetone molecules. Furthermore, 1 undergoes N−H bond insertion with methylamine or aniline to afford diamino germanes 7 and 8, respectively. The reaction of 1 with urea selectively afforded the corresponding N−H−insertion product (8).
Breaking Cycles: Saponification‐Enhanced NMR Fingerprint Matching for the Identification and Stereochemical Evaluation of Cyclic Lipodepsipeptides from Natural Sources
Authors: Muangkaew Penthip , Prasad Durga , De Roo Vic , Verleysen Yentl , Zhou Lu , De Mot René , Höfte Monica , Madder Annemieke , Geudens Niels , Martins José C.
Published: April 2024

We previously described NMR based fingerprint matching with peptide backbone resonances as a fast and reliable structural dereplication approach for Pseudomonas cyclic lipodepsipeptides (CLiPs). In combination with total synthesis of a small library of configurational CLiP congeners this also allows unambiguous determination of stereochemistry, facilitating structure‐activity relationship studies and enabling three‐dimensional structure determination. However, the on‐resin macrocycle formation in the synthetic workflow brings considerable burden and limits universal applicability. This drawback is here removed altogether by also transforming the native CLiP into a linearized analogue by controlled saponification of the ester bond. This eliminates the need for macrocycle formation, limiting the synthesis effort to linear peptide analogues. NMR fingerprints of such linear peptide analogues display a sufficiently distinctive chemical shift fingerprint to act as effective discriminators. The approach is developed using viscosin group CLiPs and subsequently demonstrated on putisolvin, leading to a structural revision, and tanniamide from Pseudomonas ekonensis COR58, a newly isolated lipododecapeptide that defines a new group characterized by a ten‐residue large macrocycle, the largest to date in the Pseudomonas CLiP portfolio. These examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the saponification‐ enhanced approach that broadens applicability of NMR fingerprint matching for the determination of the stereochemistry of CLiPs.
Rapid Electronic Transport Channel of Co‐P with Mo in a Heterostructure Embedded with P, N Dual Doped Porous Carbon for Electrocatalytic Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Dey Tapan , Rajput Anubha , Jhaa Gaurav , Matsagar Babasahab M. , Chen Norman C.‐R , Kumar Nitish , Salunkhe Rahul , Wu Kevin C.‐W. , Chakraborty Biswarup , Dutta Saikat
Published: April 2024

We developed a molybdenum (Mo)‐doped cobalt (Co)‐heterostructure embedded on a phosphorous (P) and nitrogen (N) dual‐doped porous carbon which exhibits an intrinsic electronic transport channel of Co to Mo and P. The P,Mo,O−Co/PNC/NF (NF=Nickel foam) electrode offers 335 mV overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 in OER as compared with PMA‐ZIF67‐NC/NF and ZIF67‐NC/NF electrode with an overpotential of 357 and 373 mV respectively. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) of overall water splitting (OWS) supports that the current density gradually increased at a cell potential of 1.6 V with a maximum of 40 mA with a corresponding cell potential of 1.79 V at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for water adsorption on optimized [111] surface of Co, CoMo, and CoMoP2 with adsorbed H2O and corresponding lattice determine the electron density difference of [111] surface with adsorbed H2O for Eads (eV) 4.23 corresponds to adsorption energy for CoMoP2. XANE‐EXAFS spectroscopy of P,Mo,O−Co/PNC at Co K edge and Mo K edge suggests the presence of higher valence of both Cox+ and Mox+ without metallic Co and Mo and Co−P and Mo−P bonds as major structural units due to phosphidation as determined by R‐space FT‐EXAFS spectra.
Synthesis, docking study, and antitumor evaluation of benzamides and oxadiazole derivatives of 3‐phenoxybenzoic acid as VEGFR‐2 inhibitors
Authors: Heriz Mohammad H. , Mahmood Ammar A. R. , Yasin Salem R. , Saleh Khaled M. , AlSakhen Mai F. , Kanaan Sana I. , Himsawi Nisreen , Saleh Abdulrahman M. , Tahtamouni Lubna H.
Published: April 2024

Current chemotherapeutic agents have several limitations, including lack of selectivity, the development of undesirable side effects, and chemoresistance. As a result, there is an unmet need for the development of novel small molecules with minimal side effects and the ability to specifically target tumor cells. A new series of 3‐phenoxybenzoic acid derivatives, including 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives (4a–d) and benzamides derivatives (5a–e) were synthesized; their chemical structures were confirmed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, and mass spectra; and various physicochemical properties were determined. The antiproliferative activities of the new derivatives were evaluated by means of the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Three compounds (4b, 4c, and 4d) exhibited cytotoxicity against two of the three cell lines tested, five compounds (3, 4a, 5a, 5b, and 5e) were toxic to one cell line, while two compounds (5c and 5d) were not cytotoxic to any of the three cell lines tested in the current study. Based on docking scores, MTT assay findings, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR‐2) kinase activity data, Compound 4d was selected for further biological investigation. Flow cytometry was used to determine the mode of cell death (apoptosis vs. necrosis) and the effect on cell cycle progression. Compound 4d arrested HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells in the G2/M phase and activated both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways. In conclusion, Compound 4d has shown promising results for future research as a potent VEGFR‐2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Methylation of phase II metabolites of endogenous anabolic androgenic steroids to improve analytical performance
Authors: Pfeffer Sandra , Gmeiner Guenter , Forsdahl Guro
Published: April 2024

The study of intact phase II metabolites of endogenous anabolic androgenic steroids (EAAS) gives important information about metabolism and has the potential to improve the detection of doping with testosterone. For analysis with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS), chemical derivatization at the steroid moiety is a technique to improve the positive ionization efficiency of glucuronidated/sulfated EAAS under collision‐induced dissociation (CID) conditions. However, regarding the chromatographic performance, there are still challenges to address, for example, poor peak shape, which is mainly caused by nondefined adsorption in the chromatographic system. Here, we show a novel derivatization technique for the analysis of selected phase II metabolites of EAAS, where the acidic moiety of the glucuronide/sulfate is methylated with different methylation reagents to reduce nondefined adsorption. The methylation reagent trimethylsilyl‐diazomethane (TMSD) was preferred over the other tested reagents methyl iodide (MeI) and dimethyl sulfate (DMS). Glucuronidated and sulfated testosterone and epitestosterone were methylated, and their chromatographic performance and CID ion mass spectra obtained in positive ionization mode were investigated. The peak width and peak height were significantly improved for all substances. Methylated testosterone sulfate showed the best results with a 3.5 times narrower peak and 14 times increased intensity compared with underivatized testosterone sulfate. Furthermore, CID ion mass spectra obtained in positive ionization mode showed product ions characteristically for the steroidal backbone for all substances. This preliminary study shows the potential of methylation as a supplementary derivatization technique, which can assist in the development of more sensitive methods due to the improvements in method performance.
Alternatively Connected Corrole‐Porphyrin Multimetallic Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties
Authors: Harpal  , Murugavel Muthuchamy , Rai Jyoti , Panini Piyush , Reddy R. V. Ramana , Thakur Parikshit , Sankar Jeyaraman
Published: April 2024

Synthetic multimetallic porphyrinoids are potential candidates in catalysis, molecular magnetism and as modern optoelectronic materials. Introducing electronic heterogenity in these multi‐porphyrinoids shall bring in novel electronic and redox characteristics. In this direction, herein we report four discrete Corrole‐Porphyrin‐Corrole C[10] ⋅ P[5,15] ⋅ C[10] hybrids that have both corrole and porphyrin units covalently connected together. Metal ions in diverse oxidation states have been incorporated into respective cores to achieve homo and heterotrinuclear metal complexes. Selective metalation at the porphyrin and corrole cores was achieved by step‐wise insertion of Zn(II)/Cu(II), Zn(II)/Ga(III) and Cu(II)/Cu(II) ions to suit the dianionic and trianionic pockets, respectively. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies reveal the solid‐state structural evidence for both homo‐, and hetero‐trinuclear metal complexes. The Zn(II) and Ga(III) moieties have two distinct geometries in the molecular assembly. The geometry of Zn(II) at the porphyrin core is a perfect square planar, whereas the Ga(III) geometry at the corrole is square pyramidal with pyridine as an axial ligand. In case of homotrinuclear Cu(II) complex, the Cu(II) ions adopt square planar geometry irrespective of the core. Similar to all porphyrin trimers, C[10] ⋅ P[5,15] ⋅ C[10] trimers exhibit significant excitonic coupling between corrole and porphyrin units in the absorption spectra. The cyclic voltametric investigations also reveal electronic coupling between the individual chromophores despite the non‐coplanar arrangement amongst the individual macrocycles.
Level of diagnostic agreement in musculoskeletal shoulder diagnosis between remote and face‐to‐face consultations: A retrospective service evaluation
Authors: Cockburn Louise , Baer Gill , Rhodes Jenna
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims

To determine the level of diagnostic agreement between remote and face‐to‐face consultation in assessing shoulder complaints.

Methods

A retrospective service evaluation with three groups of patient data; those assessed only face‐to‐face (group 1), remotely then face‐to‐face (group 2), remotely only (group 3). Patient data were extracted from 6 secondary care shoulder Advanced Physiotherapy Practitioner's (APPs) records, covering six sites. Three‐hundred‐and‐fifty‐nine sets of patient data were included in the final evaluation. The main outcome measure was the percentage of agreement between diagnosis at initial and follow‐up consultation, when assessed by APPs across the three groups. A Pearson χ2 test was used to assess the relationship between the method of consultation and the level of diagnostic agreement. Diagnoses were categorized as either the same, similar, or different by an independent APP. Secondary outcome measures investigated whether age or the length of time between appointments had any effect in determining the level of diagnostic concordance.

Results

There was exact agreement of 77.05% and 85.52% for groups 1 and 3, respectively, compared with 34.93% for patient data in group 2. Similar clinical impressions across both initial and follow‐up were seen 16.39% of the time in group 1, 7.24% of the time in group 3, and 36.99% in group 2. Lastly, the percentage of times a diagnosis was changed between initial and review appointments occurred in only 6.56% of group 1 contacts, 7.24% of group 3 contacts, but 28.08% of the time in group 2.

Conclusion

There was a large mismatch in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal shoulder complaints, when patients are initially assessed remotely and then followed‐up in‐person. This has implications for the future provision of shoulder assessment in physiotherapy.
Cover Image
Authors: Li Xue , Wu Shuo‐En , Wu Di , Zhao Tianxiang , Lin Pei , Shi Zhifeng , Tian Yongtao , Li Xinjian , Zeng Longhui , Yu Xuechao
Published: April 2024

The in‐situ integrated PtSe2/Ge Schottky junction array demonstrates an ultrabroadband detection range up to 4.6 μm with a large detectivity.

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Perfectionism, self‐esteem, and affective symptoms in anorexia nervosa subtypes: A network analysis of French inpatients
Authors: Delaquis Chantal P. , Godart Nathalie , Barry Caroline , Ringuenet Damien , Maria Anne‐Solène , Nicolas Isabelle , Berthoz Sylvie
Published: April 2024

Objective

Previous studies have highlighted the relevance of perfectionism, self‐esteem, and anxio‐depressive symptoms in anorexia nervosa (AN). However, the relationships between these factors and cardinal eating disorders (ED) symptoms remain unclear, particularly in AN subtypes. This study aimed to examine their interconnections using network analysis.

Method

The sample included n = 338 inpatients with AN who completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Using network analysis, we estimated three networks: full sample, AN‐restrictive (AN‐R) and AN‐binge/purging (AN‐BP) subtypes. We estimated central and bridge symptoms using expected influence and conducted an exploratory network comparison test to compare AN subtypes.

Results

Overvaluation of Weight and Shape, Concern over Mistakes, and Personal Standards were consistently central in all networks. The most central bridge symptoms across all networks were Concern over Mistakes and Self‐Esteem. Concern over Mistakes bridged perfectionism and ED symptoms, while Self‐Esteem was highly connected to all symptom clusters. Anxiety was significantly more central in the AN‐R network compared to the AN‐BP network.

Conclusions

The present study contributes to a growing body of network studies suggesting that nodes related to perfectionism are just as central as cardinal ED symptoms, indicating the relevance of perfectionism in ED pathology. The high bridge centrality of self‐esteem suggests that it may be an important link between perfectionism, mood, and ED symptoms. Future research should investigate the efficacy of targeting multiple psychological factors in the treatment of AN, as well as their potential transdiagnostic relevance.
Pea protein isolate–soluble soybean polysaccharides electrostatic assembly: effect of pH, biopolymer mass ratio and heat treatment
Authors: Igartúa Daniela Edith , Balcone Agustina , Platania Fedra Agustina , Cabezas Dario Marcelino , Palazolo Gonzalo Gastón
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

In past years, thousands of protein‐polysaccharide complexes have been investigated to modify protein characteristics and functionality in food systems. However, the interaction between pea protein isolate (PPI) and soluble soybean polysaccharide (SSPS) has not been thoroughly characterized yet.

RESULTS

In the present study, the phase behavior of PPI and SSPS mixtures was analyzed as a function of PPI:SSPS mixing ratio (1:1 to 1:0.10) and pH (7.0 to 2.0), showing that these biopolymers could be electrostatically assembled at 1:1 to 1:0.25 mixing ratios and 4.0 to 3.0 pH values. Then, the characteristics of the PPI–SSPS complexes were studied before and after heating (90 °C and 30 min) by ζ‐potential, surface hydrophobicity, protein solubility, particle size distribution and physical stability for 56 days. By lowering the pH and PPI:SSPS mixing ratio, the complexes showed increased solubility, changed 𝜁‐potential and higher physical stability. By heating, the complexes presented increased hydrophobicity and physical stability.

CONCLUSION

Overall, PPI–SSPS complexes increased the protein solubility, reduced the particle size, and changed both the ζ‐potential and the surface hydrophobicity with respect to PPI control, allowing stabilization of the colloidal system and broadening the possible applications of these high‐quality proteins in acidic food systems. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The Calf Raise App shows good concurrent validity compared with a linear encoder in measuring total concentric work
Authors: Ashnai Farshad , Lindskog Jakob , Brorsson Annelie , Nilsson‐Helander Katarina , Beischer Susanne
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The linear encoder and the Calf Raise App have been shown to be valid for measurements of plantar flexor muscular endurance in the heel raise test when compared with gold standard equipment. However, the validity of the Calf Raise App has not yet been compared with a linear encoder, an instrument commonly used in clinical and research settings. The purpose of this study was to determine the concurrent validity of the Calf Raise App compared with a linear encoder for the measurement of average heel raise height and total concentric work in the heel raise test.

Methods

Fifty TeamGym athletes (82% females) from an on‐going prospective study were included (mean [SD] age: 20 [7] years; body mass index (BMI) = 21.3 [2.5]). Concurrent validity was analysed with single measures intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) using a two‐way mixed effects, consistency model.

Results

Ninety‐eight samples were included in the analysis. The mean (SD) average heel raise height and total concentric work measured by the linear encoder and Calf Raise App were 9.9 (1.4) and 7.5 (1.2) cm, and 1728 (584) and 1291 (450) J, respectively. The mean (SD) number of unilateral heel raises was 30 (7.5). The results showed poor to moderate concurrent validity for the measurement of average heel raise height (ICC: 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.48–0.73). Good to excellent concurrent validity was shown for the measurement of total concentric work (ICC: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.84–0.93).

Conclusion

The Calf Raise App shows good concurrent validity in the heel raise test compared with a linear encoder in measuring total concentric work but not average height. While caution is recommended when comparing results from the different instruments, each instrument can be used separately to compare between‐limb differences or changes over time in plantar flexor muscular endurance in clinical and research settings.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Residual Stress Characterization in Microelectronic Manufacturing: An Analysis Based on Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Zhoudong , Wang Xinyue , Chen Wei , Tang Hongyu , Zhang Rongjun , Fan Xuejun , Zhang Guoqi , Fan Jiajie
Published: April 2024

In the rapidly evolving era of information and intelligence,microelectronic devices are pivotal across various fields, such as mobile devices, big data computing, electric vehicles, and aerospace. However, the electrical performance of these devices often suffers due to residual stress from microelectronic manufacturing. This issue is compounded by the additional thermal stress that accumulates during device operation. Therefore, it is essential to understand, characterize, and control this residual stress to ensure the reliability and efficiency of microelectronic devices. Raman spectroscopy emerges as an invaluable tool for nondestructive, fast, noncontact, and precise testing of micro‐scale mechanics, significantly aiding in stress and strain analysis within microelectronic manufacturing. This article aims to provide a thorough overview of the theory and application beyond a mere compilation of recent advances. Theoretically, it critically evaluates existing models that describe the Raman‐stress relation. Practically, it explores the application of Raman spectroscopy in researching residual stress in various components, including substrate materials, epitaxial films, and packaging. Through a detailed examination of current applications, it highlights the significance of Raman spectroscopy in understanding micro‐scale mechanics. Finally, it offers both theoretical and practical insights into the future developments of Raman‐stress detection technology.
Spectral Manipulations of Random Fiber Lasers: Principles, Characteristics, and Applications
Authors: Han Bing , Cheng Qian , Tao Yiming , Ma Yuxi , Liang Houkun , Ma Rui , Qi Yifei , Zhao Yong , Wang Zinan , Wu Han
Published: April 2024

Random fiber lasers (RFLs), a new variety of random lasers, have become a vigorous research spot over the past decades. RFLs possess superiorities in efficiency, structural flexibility, directionality, cost, etc. Particularly, RFLs are discovered to be good platforms for the construction of various forms of high‐performance lasers. Herein, recent progress in the spectral manipulation of RFLs and the applications of spectral‐tailored RFLs are reviewed. Both theoretical and experimental investigations of the unique spectral properties of RFLs up to now are presented. The superior wavelength flexibility of RFLs which can achieve any desired lasing wavelength in the 1–2.1 µm band is highlighted. Via spectral manipulation, RFLs have shown the capability of high‐spectral‐purity, narrow‐bandwidth, and multi‐wavelength output. Furthermore, the RFLs featuring unique spectral properties can lead to various promising applications, which are concisely summarized, including optical fiber communication, optical fiber sensing, imaging, supercontinuum generation, nonlinear‐frequency conversion, mid‐infrared lasing pump sources, and laser‐driven inertial confinement fusion motivation. The challenges and prospects for RFLs are also discussed.
Asymptotics for a parabolic problem of Kirchhoff type with singular critical exponential nonlinearity
Authors: Boudjeriou Tahir
Published: April 2024

The main objective of this paper is to characterize stable sets based on the asymptotic behavior of solutions as goes to infinity for the following class of parabolic Kirchhoff equations:
where
is a bounded domain with a Lipschitz boundary, , , , , , and is the fractional ‐Laplacian operator, .
DF‐QSM: Data Fidelity based Hybrid Approach for Improved Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of the Brain
Authors: Paluru Naveen , Susan Mathew Raji , Yalavarthy Phaneendra K.
Published: April 2024

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) is an advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique to quantify the magnetic susceptibility of the tissue under investigation. Deep learning methods have shown promising results in deconvolving the susceptibility distribution from the measured local field obtained from the MR phase. Although existing deep learning based QSM methods can produce high‐quality reconstruction, they are highly biased toward training data distribution with less scope for generalizability. This work proposes a hybrid two‐step reconstruction approach to improve deep learning based QSM reconstruction. The susceptibility map prediction obtained from the deep learning methods has been refined in the framework developed in this work to ensure consistency with the measured local field. The developed method was validated on existing deep learning and model‐based deep learning methods for susceptibility mapping of the brain. The developed method resulted in improved reconstruction for MRI volumes obtained with different acquisition settings, including deep learning models trained on constrained (limited) data settings.
How trust and relationships impact on the giving decisions of philanthropists
Authors: Greenhalgh Caroline , Montgomery Paul
Published: April 2024

Numerous studies have sought to understand why philanthropists are not giving more to charity. Two recently published studies identified a lack of faith in charities and an absence of trust as significant barriers to philanthropy. We report on the findings of a qualitative study which sought to examine the extent to which trust, and relationships influence the wealthy to give or withhold funding to charities. We employed in‐depth qualitative research methods and semi‐structured, conversational‐style, interviews as the major form of data collection. We utilised Braun and Clarke's ‘reflexive thematic analysis’ method of thematic analysis which gave rise to 4 key themes and 9 sub‐themes. Findings revealed that trust underpins the relationships that philanthropists have with charities and is an important conduit to forging an ongoing relationship. Trust is frequently relied upon as a proxy for evidence and an absence of trust will usually lead a philanthropist to withhold funding.
Maternal obesity: sex‐specific in utero changes in fetal brain autophagy and mTOR
Authors: Merabova Nana , Ugartemendia Lierni , Edlow Andrea G. , Ibarra Claudia , Darbinian Nune , Tatevosian Gabriel , Goetzl Laura
Published: April 2024

Objective

Maternal obesity affects 39.7% of reproductive‐age women in the United States. Emerging research has suggested that in utero exposure to maternal obesity is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, but knowledge of underlying mechanisms in human samples is lacking.

Methods

A matched case–control study was performed in women with singleton fetuses who were undergoing elective pregnancy termination at gestational ages 15 to 21 weeks. Maternal adiponectin levels from plasma were measured using ELISA kits. RNA was extracted from fetal brain tissue using RNeasy Mini Kit (QIAGEN). mRNA expression from ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2, MTOR, ATG5, ATG7, BECN1, and MAP1LC3B was quantified through the ΔΔCt method and using GAPDH as a housekeeping gene.

Results

We have identified transcription patterns associated with inhibition of autophagy in male fetal brain tissue exposed to maternal obesity (↑MTOR, ↓ATG5, ↓ATG7, and ↓MAP1LC3B), with female fetuses demonstrating either no change in transcription or nonsignificant changes associated with increased autophagy. There was significant downregulation of the autophagy‐associated gene BECN1 in both male and female individuals who were exposed to obesity in utero.

Conclusions

We present novel evidence suggesting that in utero exposure to maternal obesity in humans may significantly affect neurodevelopment, especially in male fetuses, through alterations in normal autophagy molecular mechanisms and with adiponectin as a potential mediator.
Mechanical properties of additively manufactured polymeric composites using sheet lamination technique and fused deposition modeling: A review
Authors: Kumar Amit , Dixit A. R. , Sreenivasa S.
Published: April 2024

Nowadays, it is possible to produce products with complex geometries, thanks to the experts who have continuously explored the advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. This review helps readers understand the opportunities and difficulties associated with developing parts for various industries, including aerospace, tooling, electronics, and biomedicine. The present work describes the landscape of polymeric composites using laminated object manufacturing (LOM) and fused deposition modeling (FDM). This paper discusses recent publications in the realm of AM related to composite fabrication, materials, techniques, functionality, and future scope. The effects of nanofiller reinforcement on the mechanical properties of composites have been thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, FDM process parameters such as layer thickness, infill speed, nozzle temperature, and raster angle have also been considered. Finally, the challenges and potential applications of LOM and FDM of additively manufactured composites have been summarized.
Late‐onset lymphopenia during radiation is associated with an increased risk of tumor recurrence in newly diagnosed pediatric medulloblastoma
Authors: Lindsay Holly B. , Scheurer Michael E. , Allam Anthony K. , Lucas Bryony J. , McGovern Susan L. , Chintagumpala Murali , Paulino Arnold C.
Published: April 2024

Background

Recent data found a correlation between lymphopenia occurring early during craniospinal radiation therapy (RT) and risk of disease recurrence in newly diagnosed childhood medulloblastoma. However, the population included patients who received chemotherapy prior to or during RT. Here, we investigate the effect of lymphopenia during RT in patients with newly diagnosed pediatric medulloblastoma who were chemotherapy‐naïve.

Procedure

We analyzed 79 patients with newly diagnosed medulloblastoma (ages 2–21 years) treated between 1997 and 2013 with craniospinal RT. Log‐rank tests were used to determine survival differences, and Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess associations between patient characteristics and lymphopenia with disease recurrence risk.

Results

Eighty‐three percent of patients (62/75) had grade ≥3 lymphopenia by RT Week 3, with 95% developing grade ≥3 lymphopenia at some point during therapy. There was no difference in incidence of lymphopenia between those who received proton beam RT (93%) versus photon (97%). Twenty‐four of 79 (30%) patients developed disease recurrence at an average 27.0 months after diagnosis. There was higher risk of disease recurrence in patients with grade ≥3 lymphopenia during RT Week 4 (log‐rank p = .016; Cox p = .03) and Week 5 (log‐rank p = .024; Cox p = .032); after adjusting for clinical risk group, only grade ≥3 lymphopenia at Week 4 remained prognostic (Cox p = .04). No correlation was found between risk of tumor recurrence and early lymphopenia (RT Weeks 0–3) or absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) below the median at any time during RT.

Conclusions

Lymphopenia during RT Weeks 4 and 5 correlates with increased risk of tumor recurrence in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed medulloblastoma.
Noninvasive twin genotyping for recessive monogenic disorders by relative haplotype dosage
Authors: Kong Lingrong , Zhao Zhenhua , Fu Xinyu , Li Huanyun , Zhu Jingqi , Wu Di , Kong Xiangdong , Sun Luming
Published: April 2024

Objective

To establish a haplotype‐based noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) workflow for single‐gene recessive disorders that adapt to dizygotic (DZ) twin pregnancies.

Method

Twin pregnancies at risk of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, hemophilia B, spinal muscular atrophy, phenylketonuria, and nonsyndromic hearing loss were recruited. For subsequent analysis, capture sequencing targeting highly heterozygotic single nucleotide polymorphism sites was conducted. Paternal‐specific alleles were used to calculate the total and individual fetal fractions and determine zygosity. A two‐step Bayes Factor model was applied to clarify the complex genomic landscape in the maternal plasma: the first step involved determining whether the twins inherited the same haplotype, and the second step involved estimating their individual genotypes. NIPT results were subsequently confirmed by invasive diagnosis.

Results

Nine twin pregnancies were recruited, including five DZ and four monozygotic (MZ) twins. The earliest gestational age was 8+0 weeks, and the minimum fetal fraction was 4.6%. Three twin pregnancies were reported with one affected fetus, while the remaining six were reported without affected fetuses. Two dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies were confirmed to be MZ twins. The NIPT results were 100% consistent with those of invasive procedures or diagnostic genetic testing after birth.

Conclusion

This study is the first to perform NIPT for single‐gene disorders in twin pregnancies and preliminarily confirm its clinical feasibility. Acknowledging the twins' genotypes in the first trimester is valuable as it empowers obstetric care providers and parents to have adequate time for pregnancy management and decision‐making.
Shish‐kebab structure evolution of HDPE/UHMWPE during hot drawing
Authors: Zhang Feng , Pan Xuefeng , Li Fengtao , Xu Jiajia , He Xuelian
Published: April 2024

Using a solution‐mixing method, this research aimed to fabricate high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composite materials with uniform dispersion. By incorporating a small quantity of UHMWPE as a nucleating agent, additional contact points were introduced to enhance the crystallization rate of the HDPE matrix. Thermal stretching experiments were conducted on composite systems with varying UHMWPE contents and molecular weight additions at different temperatures. Elevating the stretching temperature was found to decrease the yield strain and yield strength, extend the stage of tensile plastic deformation, and diminish the overall mechanical properties of the composite material. Notably, stretching at temperatures ranging from 90 to 110°C accentuated the development of internal crystal orientation structures. Under low strain conditions, crystal slip was observed to be concentrated, with single crystals undergoing continuous stretching and breaking, resulting in a decrease in the long period. Conversely, at high strains, the induced formation of oriented lamellar structures was observed.

Highlights

Prepared HDPE/UHMWPE blends by UHMWPE with varying molecular weights.

Analyzed the alterations in the HDPE/UHMWPE blends' internal crystal structure.

Influence of UHMWPE addition, temperature on the evolution of crystal structure.
Investigation and mapping of toxic fumes produced by detonation of ANFO explosives in underground space
Authors: Ali Firoj , Himanshu Vivek Kumar , Kumar Arvind , Vishwakarma Ashish Kumar , Sahu Sanjeev Kumar , Bohra Purushottam Das , Mishra Arvind Kumar
Published: April 2024

Post‐blast fumes are hazardous and known to cause severe health related issues of workers. Further, these harmful gases have a significant impact on the surrounding environment. Thus, it is imperative to have an in‐depth understanding of the real time detonation fume generation in underground space to avoid hazardous health risk of the worker. In this context, the mapping of toxic fume concentrations generated by the detonation of ANFO explosives in the actual field is a fascinating area of research that has a great environmental impact. This article examined the real‐time analysis of toxic fumes generated by ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) explosives at various locations of a metalliferous underground mine. Furthermore, detonation parameters of various ANFO explosive compositions were also studied at the mining site. On‐site blasting studies were performed with ANFO explosives, and post‐detonation fume measurements enabled us to map the CO and NOx concentrations in underground spaces. Toxic fumes like CO and NOx were analyzed before and after each blasting operation at different intervals, and found within the allowed limit as per the Directorate General of Mines Safety guidelines. Additionally, an empirical correlation has been established to evaluate the maximum detonation velocity based on the alteration of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil composition.
Translation and validation of a lifestyle questionnaire related to prostate cancer
Authors: Karegar‐Niavol Reyhane , Ghaffari Fatemeh , Saravi Ali , Fotokian Zahra , Kheirkhah Farzan
Published: April 2024

Background

Valid and reliable instruments are needed to measure prostate cancer‐related lifestyle changes, plan evidence‐based interventions to modify lifestyle, and improve treatment outcomes. Due to the lack of appropriate instruments, this study was conducted to translate the Effects of Prostate Cancer upon Lifestyle Questionnaire (EPCLQ) into Persian and examine its psychometric properties in a sample of Iranian older adults with prostate cancer.

Methods

This methodological study was carried out between 2021 and 2022. Initially, the EPCLQ, comprising 36 items, was translated into Persian through a meticulous translation and back‐translation procedure. Subsequent steps involved the assessment of face validity, qualitative content validity, content validity index, content validity ratio, construct validity via confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability testing of the Persian version of the EPCLQ.

Results

The psychometric evaluation led to the exclusion of 4 items from the EPCLQ. The refined model demonstrated satisfactory fit indices (PCFI = 0.732, PNFI = 0.696, CMIN/DF = 2.29, RMSEA = 0.072, IFI = 0.920, CFI = 0.919, and GFI = 0.971), indicating an appropriate fit of the final model. The internal consistency, as measured by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.67, and the intraclass correlation coefficient for the questionnaire was 0.938, reflecting high reliability.

Conclusions

The Persian version of the EPCLQ, now consisting of 32 items, has been validated and is reliable for assessing the impact of prostate cancer on lifestyle among older adults. Its simplicity and the clarity of the items make it suitable for use in clinical settings or during home visits for follow‐up assessments.