bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La búsqueda de información científica en las bases de datos académicas
Authors: Espinoza Freire Eudaldo Enrique
Published: March 2024

This article has the objective of socializing reflections that allow us to know about the search for information in academic databases, for which an analysis of the different databases, which are found in the great global information network as it is the WEB. It is based on a methodological strategy that, with a predominance of the qualitative perspective, makes it possible to describe and explain the importance of managing this type of resources for the good use of time when searching for information, identifying the technology tools and their uses in research tasks, through the use of a variety of methods, procedures and techniques for collecting information, with emphasis on bibliographic and documentary review, historical-logical and synthetic analytical methods, as well as observation. As a result, broad and enriching reflections and explanations on the subject in question are obtained, which can be useful for reorienting information search strategies and the benefit they provide to researchers in their different research activities.
Моделювання продуктивності ремонтно-відновлюваних органів в умовах бойових дій
Authors: Sliusarenko Maryna
Published: March 2024

Сьогодні, коли рф розпочала повномасштабну війну проти України, найважливішою і найактуальнішою задачею щодо підтримання техніки у боєздатному стані становить пошук шляхів підвищення ефективності функціонування системи її технічного обслуговування та ремонту, тобто продуктивної роботи ремонтно-відновлюваних органів в умовах бойової обстановки. Від ефективної роботи ремонтно-відновлюваних органів буде залежати успіх збройних сил на полі бою.
Метою даного дослідження є моделювання виробничої діяльності ремонтно-відновлюваних органів з урахуванням бойових дій. Дослідження проводилося на прикладі самохідної вогневої установки зенітного ракетного комплексу «Бук-М1».
Для вирішення цієї проблеми використовується метод аналітичного моделювання із застосуванням теорії ймовірності, який дозволяє комплексно розглянути всі підходи до вирішення цього питання.
У статті розглянуті причини, через які військова техніка може виходити з ладу. Це внаслідок обмеженої технічної надійності, через вогневий вплив з боку противника під час ведення бойових дій або за сумісного впливу обох цих факторів. Наводиться варіант знаходження кількості техніки, яка виведена з ладу через кожну з цих причин. Розглядається питання як вплине досягнута величина середнього часу безвідмовної роботи самохідної вогневої установки на характер її пошкодження, як зміниться величина часу наробітку на відмову з урахуванням втрат (відмов) у результаті обмеженої технічної надійності порівняно з величиною відносних втрат за рахунок вогневого впливу з боку противника. Доведено, що з підвищенням середнього часу наробітку до відмови самохідної вогневої установки кількість техніки, виведених з ладу внаслідок тільки обмеженої технічної надійності буде знижуватися. Запропоновано співвідношення між кількістю техніки, яка вийшла з ладу внаслідок обмеженої технічної надійності та кількістю самохідної вогневої установки, що вийшла з ладу через вогневий впливу противника. Оцінено значення ймовірності безвідмовної роботи та імовірності відмови техніки для обох цих випадків. Знаючі очікувану величину ремонтного фонду можна моделювати продуктивність ремонтно-відновлюваних органів з урахуванням бойової обстановки. Урахування співвідношення між кількістю техніки, яка вийшла з ладу через обмежену технічну надійність та кількістю техніки, що відмовила через бойові пошкодження дозволяє підвищити ефективність створюваної у бойових умовах системи відновлення пошкоджених у ході бойових дій самохідних вогневих установок, поліпшити планування виробничої діяльності ремонтно-відновлювальних органів, тобто підвищити у цілому боєздатність військового формування, наприклад, у процесі відбиття нальоту засобів повітряного нападу на війська (об’єкти).
Матеріали статті становлять практичну цінність для прогнозування роботи ремонтно-відновлюваних органів в умовах бойових дій.
Аналіз протоколів передавання даних у перспективній автоматизованій системі обміну науковою (науково-технічною) інформацією у Збройних Силах України
Authors: Nozdrachov Oleksii , Vasianovych Mykola , Shnukalo Andrii
Published: March 2024

Актуальність дослідження обумовлена потребою визначення ефективних протоколів передавання даних, які забезпечують високу якість обслуговування і захищеність автоматизованих систем обміну інформацією у Збройних Силах України та їх складових.
У зв’язку з цим дана стаття спрямована на розкриття протоколів транспортного рівня мережних моделей TCP/IP та OSI – User Datagram Protocol, User Datagram Protocol Lite, Transmission Control Protocol, Multipath Transmission Control Protocol, Stream Control Transmission Protocol, Datagram Congestion Control Protocol, Reliable User Datagram Protocol з точки зору перспективи їх використання в автоматизованих системах обміну науковою (науково-технічною) інформацією у Збройних Силах України.
Провідними підходами для дослідження цієї проблеми є використання методів інформаційно-логічного аналізу, що дозволяють комплексно розглянути мережні моделі за допомогою порівняння.
Розглянуто близько 15 характеристик, зокрема: надійність передавання, контроль перенавантаження, багатопоточність. Ураховуючи вимоги та особливості перспективної автоматизованої системи обміну науковою (науково-технічною) інформацією у Збройних Силах України, було запропоновано використання певних технологічних комбінацій з протоколами вищого рівня для досягнення оптимального захисту даних. У результаті аналізу встановлено, що, відповідно до функцій автоматизованої системи обміну науковою (науково-технічною) інформацією, більш доцільно використовувати протокол Stream Control Transmission Protocol.
Матеріали статті становлять теоретичну цінність для проведення подальших наукових досліджень стосовно порушеної проблеми, а також практичну – для удосконалення військових інформаційних систем, відповідно до стандартів Північноатлантичного альянсу та викликів сьогодення у кіберпросторі.
Design and Development of a Coffe Blending Device with Carbon Monoxide (CO) Level Identification Based on Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Antonisfia Yul , Susanti Roza , Efendi - , Anderson Sir , Anisa Fitri
Published: March 2024

Coffee is categorized into three types Robusta, Arabica, and Liberica. The roasting process is the most crucial step in developing the aroma, flavor, and underlying color that determine coffee quality. The coffee roasting process produces complex aroma compounds that impart the desired taste and aroma characteristics of coffee. This research aims to design a coffee content detection tool by determining the carbon monoxide (CO) level in Arabica, Robusta, and Liberica coffee. The research uses the Backpropagation artificial neural network method with 2 hidden layers, including 4 input layers and 3 output layers, to identify the tested coffee varieties. The highest carbon monoxide (CO) levels were found in Arabica Special coffee, with an ADC level of 662 carbon monoxide gas. The lowest carbon monoxide (CO) levels were detected in Liberica coffee, with an ADC level of 105 carbon monoxide gas. Coffee identification was carried out using an artificial neural network method with a success rate of 98% for Liberica coffee, 100% for Arabica coffee, and 98% for Robusta coffee.
Installation and Activation of a Fiber To The Home (FTTH) Network With The Addition of Optical Distribution Point (ODP) Using The Branching Method
Authors: Asril Aprinal Adila , Yustini  , Dewi Ratna , Rifka Silvia , Vitria Rikky
Published: March 2024

FTTH is a concept that uses fiber optic networks. In the FTTH optical network, one of the devices is an Optical Distribution Point (ODP). There are 2 methods for installing ODP, namely connecting the direct area cable and branching the main distribution cable or branching. In previous studies, branching was only done from ODC to ONT and Optical Light Source (OLS) as a substitute for OLT, so there is no internet network that customers can directly access using ONT. In this study, the author discusses how to activate FTTH devices from OLT to ONT customers, with a comparison before and after activation using a 1:4 passive splitter. Then the attenuation that can be produced is 28.54. Therefore network activation on ODP Branching is very efficient because the resulting attenuation does not exceed 28dB, which is in accordance with PT Telecommunications ITU-T G.948 standards.
Consumo de alcohol en mujeres: un entorno de riesgo y desigualdad
Authors: López Rangel Blanca Diamantina , Trujillo Pérez Ma. De los Ángeles , Melacio Briones Petra Lucía
Published: March 2024

Las adicciones siguen siendo un problema de salud pública en nuestro país que disminuye la calidad de vida de las personas que son consumidoras y de los individuos que se encuentran a su alrededor, específicamente el consumo de alcohol ha tenido un incremento entre la población femenina según la ENA 2011 en donde se observa principalmente en mujeres adolescentes, quienes se encuentran en una etapa de madurez en el tiempo presente. La investigación tiene la finalidad de visibilizar los factores individuales y socio- familiares que influyen en el abuso y dependencia asociados al consumo de alcohol en mujeres de 20 a 35 años, puntualizando el entorno de riesgo que presenta las mujeres bebedoras de alcohol, así como la desigualad de género que experimentan durante el consumo. Es una investigación basada en el enfoque cualitativo el tipo de estudio que se realiza es mediante el estudio de casos a profundidad. La población elegida para realizar la investigación es de 4 personas del sexo femenino que se encuentren en un rango de edad de 20 a 35 años. Se intenciona la participación de personas que presenten un inicio del consumo de alcohol a partir de los 16 años y en algún lapso del tiempo de su vida se hayan convertido en dependientes de dicha sustancia por un periodo de al menos 2 años. Se espera que los resultados brinden la oportunidad de visibiliza la condición de consumo y la desigualdad de género que viven las mujeres generando con ello la propuesta de intervención que mejore la calidad de vida de las entrevistadas y que genere un modelo de intervención desde la perspectiva del Trabajo Social.
La familia y el programa aprende en casa: el caso de una escuela primaria rural
Authors: Carvajal Santillán Ma. Gregoria , Arias Soto Mireya Patricia , Amador Anguiano Jesús David , González González Cesar Alfredo
Published: March 2024

La pandemia por la Covid-19, ha puesto de manifiesto los viejos problemas de marginación y desigualdad, que en los debates públicos son cada vez más significativos por el impacto que tienen en la población. Las medidas que se aplicaron para contener la pandemia revelaron nuevos matices de problemas relacionados con la complejidad de las relaciones a diferentes escalas en las sociedad. Los limitada coordinación entre las diferentes instanciasdel gobierno, la vulnerabilidad de las economías urbanas, la incapacidad de las instituciones nacionales y locales para responder a emergencias y las deficienciasgeneralizadas de infraestructura y de equipo. De igual manera se hicieron más notables las desigualdades socioeconómicas y de género, la actividad económica informal, así como la exclusión social, el descuido en la salud pública y otros problemas que muestran las prioridades y los incumplimientos en las agendas públicas, el COVID-19 no afectó a todos los ciudadanos de una misma manera, los más afectados son los grupos más vulnerables, sobre todo ante la reducida posibilidad de acceso a bienes, servicios de salud y hospitalarios durante el período de cuarentena, así como a la continuidad educativa con mediación tecnológica.
Caracterización y aportaciones de la investigación disciplinar Presentación en trabajo social en Yucatán (2002•2012)
Authors: Tejada Loría Mario Alberto , Hernández Sosa Karla Patricia , Serrano Padilla Silvia Andrea
Published: March 2024

En esta comunicación se presentan resultados parciales del proyecto “Investigación disciplinar y construcción del conocimiento en trabajo social en Yucatán” del Grupo de Investigación Política Social y Desarrollo Humano de la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, cuyo objetivo es identificar las características y aportaciones de la investigación en el área a nivel licenciatura y posgrado en las principales instituciones de educación superior de la entidad durante la década de 2003-2013. Concretamente, en esta ocasión, se presenta un análisis descriptivo de las características de tesis y ponencias recolectadas hasta el mes de abril de 2013.

El propósito del estudio fue establecer un panorama de la investigación disciplinar realizada en el área de trabajo social en Yucatán durante la década pasada para su caracterización, la identificación de las principales áreas de desarrollo e intervención y la vinculación de los resultados obtenidos con el bienestar social de los habitantes del estado. Los resultados de este proyecto permiten tener un conocimiento sobre lo que se está desarrollando en el área de investigación en trabajo social y trazar rutas de acción para nuevos estudios. Para los fines el texto se integra de los siguientes cuatro apartados: (a) investigación y trabajo social, en donde se explora la importancia de la vinculación de ambos conceptos en la práctica del trabajador social; (b) método, en donde se describe los procedimientos a seguir para la revisión de los productos de investigación en las diferentes instituciones; (c) resultados, en donde se presentan una breve descripción estadística de los datos encontrados; (d) discusión, espacio en el que se expone argumentos sobre lo que se ha realizado en investigación en las instituciones participantes; y, finalmente, (e) conclusiones, en el que a manera de cierre se ofrece una recapitulación del estudio.
Violencia feminicida y feminicidios en un contexto de violencia en Sinaloa: Un tema urgente en el Trabajo Social
Authors: Olivarría Crespo Florina Judith , González Montes María del Carmen , López Rentería Laura Elena , Moreno Álvarez Max Bladimir
Published: March 2024

El presente trabajo, aborda en un primer momento la temática de feminicidios y violencia feminicida, profundiza en la definición, cifras para el análisis del fenómeno. El tema de los feminicidos y la violencia feminicida nos remite a considerar la perspectiva de género como un enfoque necesario dentro de los planes de estudio de Trabajo Social de forma transversal y dentro de la Organización Curricular en la inclusión de asignaturas que cursan los estudiantes. Se plantean algunas competencias específicas para su inmediata integración al plan de estudio.

El artículo 21 de la Ley de Acceso a una Vida sin Violencia, publicada el 1 de febrero de 2007, define la “violencia feminicida” como: [...] la forma extrema de violencia de género contra las mujeres, producto de la violación de sus derechos humanos, en los ámbitos público y privado, conformada por el conjunto de conductas misóginas que pueden conllevar impunidad social y del Estado y puede culminar en homicidio y otras formas de muerte violenta de mujeres.

El Observatorio Ciudadano Nacional del Feminicidio (OCNF) que de enero de 2011 a junio de 2012 se registraron 3 mil 976 desapariciones de mujeres en 15 estados. Asimismo, de 2007 a junio de 2012 se documentaron 4 mil 112 asesinatos por razones de género en 13 entidades. La Ley reconoce, desde una perspectiva de género, que la violencia contra las mujeres obstaculiza la igualdad y la democracia en México.
Otimalisasi Pengabdian Masyarakat Melalui Program KPM di Gampong Blang Puuk Kulu Kecamatan Seunagan Kebupaten Nagan Raya
Authors: Efendi Sumardi , Kasih Dar , Taran Jovial Pally , Ziadi Fajri , Noviana Susi , Aunina Yusra , Mustaqin Hidayatul , Meliawati  , Arita Peni , Junaida Rida , Sari Septina Purnama
Published: March 2024

Program Kuliah Pengabdian Masyarakat (KPM) di Gampong Blang Puuk Kulu, Kecamatan Seunagan, Kabupaten Nagan Raya adalah inisiatif yang bertujuan untuk memaksimalkan kontribusi pendidikan tinggi dalam memberikan manfaat kepada masyarakat setempat. Program ini melibatkan mahasiswa dari berbagai disiplin ilmu dalam upaya untuk memberikan solusi yang berkelanjutan terhadap masalah yang dihadapi oleh komunitas di wilayah tersebut. Dalam konteks ini, KPM berfungsi sebagai wadah untuk menggabungkan teori akademis dengan praktik lapangan yang nyata, memungkinkan mahasiswa untuk menerapkan pengetahuan mereka dalam situasi yang sebenarnya. Metode pengabdian masyarakat yang digunakan mencakup pendampingan Participatory Action Research (PAR), yang melibatkan komunitas secara aktif dalam merumuskan masalah, merencanakan tindakan, dan mengambil keputusan. Hasil dari program ini mencakup peningkatan kualitas hidup masyarakat, pembangunan infrastruktur, penguatan pendidikan, pengembangan ekonomi lokal, dan peningkatan kesejahteraan komunitas. Program KPM ini adalah contoh nyata bagaimana institusi pendidikan tinggi dapat berperan aktif dalam pengabdian kepada masyarakat, dengan tujuan mempromosikan pembangunan yang berkelanjutan dan mengoptimalkan pemberdayaan masyarakat di Gampong Blang Puuk Kulu dan sekitarnya. Melalui kolaborasi dan partisipasi aktif, program ini membantu menciptakan perubahan positif dalam masyarakat yang diabdi dan memberikan manfaat yang nyata bagi semua pihak yang terlibat.
UKM DAN PENGUATAN EKONOMI KELUARGA (Studi Kasus pada Usaha Tahu Rebani di Desa Aikmual)
Authors: Enazuarni Winda Nahdataini
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini terkait dengan kegiatan UMKM yang mempunyai peran besar dalam meningkatkan perekonomian keluarga.Penelitian ini dilakukan di UMKM Tahu Bapak Rebani di Desa Aikmual Kecamatan Praya Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Adapun fokus penelitian ini adalah bagaimana upaya yang dilakukan UMKM Tahu Rebani dalam penguatan ekonomi keluarga dan bagaimana dampak dari upaya yang dilakukan UMKM Tahu Rebani dalam penguatan ekonomi keluarga.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, beberapa karya tulis, buku-baku, observasi dan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh peneliti. Sedangkan pada teknik wawancara, peneliti menggunakan wawancara tidak struktur atau wawancara bebas yang dimana peneliti bebas menanyakan hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan penelitian yaitu dengan cara tatap muka dan tanya jawab secara langsung dengan pihak informa atau subyek untuk memperoleh data.

Dari hasil penelitian ini bahwa upaya yang di lakukan UMKM Tahu Rebani dalam penguatan ekonomi keluarga lebih mengutamakan kualitas produk, dimana upaya yang digunakan adalah menjaga kualitas produk seperti bahan baku, menggunakan bahan-bahan yang bagus, takaran ragi yang pas, harga relatif murah dan mudah dijangkau. Sedangkan dampak dari upaya yang dilakukan UMKM tersebut secara umum memang menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan dilihat dari pendapatan 3 tahun terakhir yang mengalami peningkatan rata-rata 15% pertahun. Sehingga perekonomian keluarga juga semakin meningkat.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MAKE A MATCH TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA KELAS X JURUSAN TJKT SMK NEGERI 1 BONE
Authors: Damayanti Rini , Suhardiman
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran make a match terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelejaran bahasa Indonesia kelas X jurusan TJKT SMK Negeri 1 Bone. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian Quasi Eksprimental  dengan rancangan none-equevalent only control group desain yaitu desain penelitian melibatkan dua kelompok sebagai kelas eksprimen dan kelas control yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran make a match terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia kelas X Jurusan TJKT SMK Negeri 1 Bone. Satuan kelas eksprimen terdiri dari 36 siswa dan kelas control 36 siswa dengan jumlah populasi peserta didik 108 orang. Penelitian dalam satu kelas dilaksanakan 4 kali pertemuan kelas eksprimen dan 4 kali pertemuan kelas control. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis statistik infrensial. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis data dapat disimpulkan hasil nilai  signifikan kelas eksprimen sebesar 0,18>0,05 berarti ada perbedaan yang signifikan hasil belajar siswa pretest dan posttest pada kelompok eksprimen. Seadangkan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa kelompok control diperoleh nilai signifikan sebesar 0,02<0,05 yang berarti terhadap perbedaan signifikan antara hasil belajar siswa sebelum dan sesudah penerapan model make a match yang berarti H0 di tolak H1 di terima. Maka dapat di pahami terhadap pengaruh model pembelajaran make a match terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia kelas X jurusan TJKT SMK Negeri 1 Bone
Profil Kemampuan Mengingat Kosa Kata Bahasa Inggris Siswa Menggunakan Metode Active Recall
Authors: Shafira Alya Hanna , Safitri Kurnia Ajeng , Yuniarti Yeni , Sukardi Rendi Restiana
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This article aims to: (1) find out whether the active recall method can improve students' ability to remember vocabulary in learning English?, (2) find out how the learning process using the active recall method can improve students' ability to remember vocabulary in learning English. This research is qualitative research with a descriptive explanation. In the process, the researcher will make observations in the high grades of elementary school to observe the benefits of the active recall method in learning English. From the results of the research that we have done, it can be concluded that the ability to remember English vocabulary has increased significantly.
Abstrak: Artikel ini bertujuan: (1) mengetahui apakah metode active recall dapat meningkatkan kemampuan mengingat kosa kata siswa dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris?, (2) mengetahui bagaimana proses pembelajaran dengan metode active recall dapat meningkatkan kemampuan mengingat kosa kata siswa dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris?. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan penjelasan deskriptif, dalam prosesnya peneliti akan melakukan observasi di kelas tinggi SD guna mengamati manfaat metode active recall dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah kami lakukan, dapat diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa kemampuan dalam mengingat kosa kata bahasa Inggris telah mengalami peningkatan secara signifikan.
Persepsi Guru terkait Perubahan Kurikulum terhadap Pembelajaran Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Rahmawati Rosita , Hazirah Alifah , Rahmawati Devi , Jatiningtyas Raras , Larassati Enggar , Sukardi Rendi Restiana , Yuniarti Yeni
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This article discusses the curriculum's role in improving education quality in Indonesia. The curriculum contains a set of plans and regulations regarding objectives, content, and methods of teaching that serve as guidelines for organizing learning activities to achieve national education goals. It is designed to anticipate future developments and enhance pedagogical innovation. The curriculum has evolved to include lesson plans and learning experiences, indicating its essential role in formal and non-formal education programs. The article concludes that curriculum is essential for educational progress and change, and teachers play an important role in its implementation. However, curriculum changes are needed to keep up with the times, and teachers must adapt. The Indonesian education system's curriculum has changed over time, and the article provides an overview of the previous curriculum, Curriculum 2013, and the current curriculum, Merdeka Belajar. Finally, this article highlights teachers' challenges in implementing curriculum.
Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas peran kurikulum dalam peningkatan mutu pendidikan di Indonesia. Kurikulum memuat seperangkat rencana dan peraturan mengenai tujuan, isi, dan cara pengajaran yang menjadi pedoman dalam menyelenggarakan kegiatan pembelajaran untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan nasional. Ini dirancang untuk mengantisipasi perkembangan masa depan dan meningkatkan inovasi pedagogis. Kurikulum telah berevolusi untuk memasukkan tidak hanya rencana pembelajaran tetapi juga pengalaman belajar, yang menunjukkan peran pentingnya dalam program pendidikan formal dan nonformal. Artikel tersebut menyimpulkan bahwa kurikulum sangat penting untuk kemajuan dan perubahan pendidikan, dan guru memainkan peran penting dalam pelaksanaannya. Namun, perubahan kurikulum diperlukan untuk mengikuti perkembangan zaman, dan guru harus beradaptasi dengan perubahan tersebut. Kurikulum sistem pendidikan Indonesia telah mengalami perubahan dari waktu ke waktu, dan artikel tersebut memberikan gambaran tentang kurikulum sebelumnya, Kurikulum 2013, dan kurikulum saat ini, Merdeka Belajar. Terakhir, artikel ini menyoroti tantangan yang dihadapi guru dalam mengimplementasikan kurikulum sebagai alat pengajaran.
Etik i - og efter - socialt retfærdig forskning med udsatte børn
Authors: Lagermann Laila
Published: March 2024

I artiklen ser jeg tilbage på arbejdet med min ph.d.-afhandling (Lagermann, 2014) om skolen som mulighedsrum for udsatte etnisk-racialiserede minoritetselever i skolen. I den forbindelse ser jeg på, hvordan etik ifm. arbejdet med dette genstandsfelt er meget andet og mere end formaliserede og standardiserede retningslinjer for forskningsetik. I min forskning, der skriver sig ind i den tradition, der går under betegnelsen Social Justice studier, handler etik i lige så høj grad om det kritiske (videnskabs)teoretiske og metodologiske apparat, der anvendes undervejs i arbejdet med afhandlingen, som det handler om det, Swartz (2011) beskriver som ’reciprok etik’; at give noget tilbage. Afslutningsvis peger jeg på, hvordan det at give tilbage efter endt feltarbejde, i en social retfærdig optik, ikke blot handler om at give tilbage til de konkrete unge, men i lige så høj grad handler om at give tilbage – i form af viden og hjælp til handling – til de professionelle, der omgiver de unge.

Nøgleord:

Etik, social retfærdighed, kvalitativ forskning, udsathed, ungdom
Evidencia de un control fotoperiódico en el crecimiento del cuerno de muflón (Ovis orientalis musimon Schreber, 1782)
Authors: Toledano-Díaz Adolfo , Santiago-Moreno Julián , Gómez-Brunet Amelia , López-Sebastián Antonio
Published: March 2024

The aim of this work was to determine the role of photoperiod on the control of seasonal horn growth in mouflons. Seven mouflon rams were divided randomly into two groups: Control group (n=3), under natural photoperiod conditions, and long day hold group (n=4) where mouflons were maintained under an artificial photoperiod (15 h light: 9 h dark), during 18 months. Control mouflons showed a strong seasonality in the horn growth, scrotal circumference and testosterone secretion (P< 0.05). The pattern of the testosterone secretion was inversely correlated with the horn growth (P< 0.05), providing support for a possible inhibitory role of this hormone on the horn growth. In long day hold mouflons, the horn growth remained high in the first autumn, and decreased during the second year. The pattern of testosterone secretion showed a high variability, and no individual correlation with the horn growth was found. Ours findings reveal a stimulation effect of the long-day photoperiod on the horn growth, and a photorefractoriness status of the horn growth when the photoperiodic stimuli is maintained during long times.
Molecular dynamics study on effect of wettability on boiling heat transfer of thin liquid films
Authors: Bai Pu , Wang Deng-Jia , Liu Yan-Feng ,   State Key Laboratory of Green Building in China, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China,   School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
Published: March 2024

How surface wettability affects boiling heat transfer of thin liquid film on a nanoscale remains a challenging research topic. In this work, the effects of wettability on the nanoscale boiling heat transfer for a thin liquid film on hydrophilic surface and hydrophobic surface are investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. Results demonstrate that the hydrophilic surface has better heat transfer performance than the hydrophobic surface. It has a shorter boiling onset time, higher temperature, heat flux, interfacial thermal conductance, and weakened interfacial thermal resistance. The hydrophilic surface throughout has higher critical heat flux than the hydrophobic surface in both macro-system and nanoscale system. Besides, a two-dimensional surface potential energy is proposed to reveal the mechanism of wettability affecting the boiling heat transfer. The absolute value of potential energy in one regular unit of hydrophilicity (–0.34 eV) is much higher than that of hydrophobicity (–0.09 eV). That is the crucial reason why the heat transfer enhancement via improving surface wettability should be primarily the powerful surface potential energy. In addition, the interaction energy is calculated to further address the nucleation mechanism and heat transfer performance for liquid film on different wettability surfaces. The interaction energy values are ordered as Iphi (1.57 eV/nm2) > Iwater (0.48 eV/nm2) > Ipho (0.26 eV/nm2), indicating that the better heat transfer performance of hydrophilic surface is because of the large interaction energy at the solid/liquid interface. Besides, the bubble nucleation on a hydrophilic surface needs absorbing more energy and occurs inside the thin liquid film, while it needs absorbing less energy and triggering off at the solid/liquid interface with hydrophobicity. Those uncover the principal mechanisms of how wettability influences the bubble nucleation and boiling heat transfer performance on a nanoscale.
Factorial polynomials and associated number families
Authors:   University of Flensburg, Schreiber Alfred
Published: March 2024

Two doubly indexed families of polynomials in several indeterminates are considered. They are related to the falling and rising factorials in a similar way as the potential polynomials (introduced by L. Comtet) are related to the ordinary power function. We study the inversion relations valid for these factorial polynomials as well as the number families associated with them.
Noradrenaline release from the locus coeruleus shapes stress-induced hippocampal gene expression
Authors: Privitera Mattia , von Ziegler Lukas M , Floriou-Servou Amalia , Duss Sian N , Zhang Runzhong , Waag Rebecca , Leimbacher Sebastian , Sturman Oliver , Roessler Fabienne K , Heylen Annelies , Vermeiren Yannick , Van Dam Debby , De Deyn Peter P , Germain Pierre-Luc , Bohacek Johannes
Published: March 2024

Exposure to an acute stressor triggers a complex cascade of neurochemical events in the brain. However, deciphering their individual impact on stress-induced molecular changes remains a major challenge. Here, we combine RNA sequencing with selective pharmacological, chemogenetic, and optogenetic manipulations to isolate the contribution of the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline (LC-NA) system to the acute stress response in mice. We reveal that NA release during stress exposure regulates a large and reproducible set of genes in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus via β-adrenergic receptors. For a smaller subset of these genes, we show that NA release triggered by LC stimulation is sufficient to mimic the stress-induced transcriptional response. We observe these effects in both sexes, and independent of the pattern and frequency of LC activation. Using a retrograde optogenetic approach, we demonstrate that hippocampus-projecting LC neurons directly regulate hippocampal gene expression. Overall, a highly selective set of astrocyte-enriched genes emerges as key targets of LC-NA activation, most prominently several subunits of protein phosphatase 1 (Ppp1r3c, Ppp1r3d, Ppp1r3g) and type II iodothyronine deiodinase (Dio2). These results highlight the importance of astrocytic energy metabolism and thyroid hormone signaling in LC-mediated hippocampal function and offer new molecular targets for understanding how NA impacts brain function in health and disease.
The push–pull intercrop Desmodium does not repel, but intercepts and kills pests
Authors: Erdei Anna L , David Aneth B , Savvidou Eleni C , Džemedžionaitė Vaida , Chakravarthy Advaith , Molnár Béla P , Dekker Teun
Published: March 2024

Over two decades ago, an intercropping strategy was developed that received critical acclaim for synergizing food security with ecosystem resilience in smallholder farming. The push–pull strategy reportedly suppresses lepidopteran pests in maize through a combination of a repellent intercrop (push), commonly Desmodium spp., and an attractive, border crop (pull). Key in the system is the intercrop’s constitutive release of volatile terpenoids that repel herbivores. However, the earlier described volatile terpenoids were not detectable in the headspace of Desmodium, and only minimally upon herbivory. This was independent of soil type, microbiome composition, and whether collections were made in the laboratory or in the field. Furthermore, in oviposition choice tests in a wind tunnel, maize with or without an odor background of Desmodium was equally attractive for the invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda. In search of an alternative mechanism, we found that neonate larvae strongly preferred Desmodium over maize. However, their development stagnated and no larva survived. In addition, older larvae were frequently seen impaled and immobilized by the dense network of silica-fortified, non-glandular trichomes. Thus, our data suggest that Desmodium may act through intercepting and decimating dispersing larval offspring rather than adult deterrence. As a hallmark of sustainable pest control, maize–Desmodium push–pull intercropping has inspired countless efforts to emulate stimulo-deterrent diversion in other cropping systems. However, detailed knowledge of the actual mechanisms is required to rationally improve the strategy, and translate the concept to other cropping systems.
Mono-methylated histones control PARP-1 in chromatin and transcription
Authors: Bamgbose Gbolahan , Bordet Guillaume , Lodhi Niraj , Tulin Alexei
Published: March 2024

PARP-1 is central to transcriptional regulation under both normal and stress conditions, with the governing mechanisms yet to be fully understood. Our biochemical and ChIP-seq-based analyses showed that PARP-1 binds specifically to active histone marks, particularly H4K20me1. We found that H4K20me1 plays a critical role in facilitating PARP-1 binding and the regulation of PARP-1-depenednt loci during both development and heat shock stress. Here we report that the sole H4K20 mono-methylase,
pr-set7
, and
parp-1 Drosophila
mutants undergo developmental arrest. RNA-seq analysis showed an absolute correlation between PR-SET7- and PARP-1-dependent loci expression, confirming co-regulation during developmental phases. PARP-1 and PR-SET7 are both essential for activating
hsp70
and other heat shock genes during heat stress, with a notable increase of H4K20me1 at their gene body. Mutating
pr-set7
disrupts monometylation of H4K20 along heat shock loci and abolish PARP-1 binding there. These data strongly suggest that H4 monometylation is a key triggering point in PARP-1 dependent processes in chromatin.
Effect of alpha-tubulin acetylation on the doublet microtubule structure
Authors: Yang Shun Kai , Kubo Shintaroh , Black Corbin , Peri Katya , Dai Daniel , Legal Thibault , Valente Melissa , Gaertig Jacek , Bui Khanh Huy
Published: March 2024

Acetylation of α-tubulin at the lysine 40 residue (αK40) by ATAT1/MEC-17 acetyltransferase modulates microtubule properties and occurs in most eukaryotic cells. Previous literatures suggest that acetylated microtubules are more stable and damage-resistant. αK40 acetylation is the only known microtubule luminal post-translational modification site. The luminal location suggests that the modification tunes the lateral interaction of protofilaments inside the microtubule. In this study, we examined the effect of tubulin acetylation on the doublet microtubule in the cilia of
Tetrahymena thermophila
using a combination of cryo-electron microscopy, molecular dynamics, and mass spectrometry. We found that αK40 acetylation exerts a small-scale effect on the doublet microtubule structure and stability by influencing the lateral rotational angle. In addition, comparative mass spectrometry revealed a link between αK40 acetylation and phosphorylation in cilia.
A novel bioinformatics pipeline for the identification of immune inhibitory receptors as potential therapeutic targets
Authors: Singh Akashdip , Miranda Bedate Alberto , von Richthofen Helen J , Vijver Saskia V , van der Vlist Michiel , Kuhn Raphael , Yermanos Alexander , Kuball Jürgen J , Kesmir Can , Pascoal Ramos M Ines , Meyaard Linde
Published: March 2024

Despite major successes with inhibitory receptor blockade in cancer, the identification of novel inhibitory receptors as putative drug targets is needed due to lack of durable responses, therapy resistance, and side effects. Most inhibitory receptors signal via immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) and previous studies estimated that our genome contains over 1600 ITIM-bearing transmembrane proteins. However, testing and development of these candidates requires increased understanding of their expression patterns and likelihood to function as inhibitory receptor. Therefore, we designed a novel bioinformatics pipeline integrating machine learning-guided structural predictions and sequence-based likelihood models to identify putative inhibitory receptors. Using transcriptomics data of immune cells, we determined the expression of these novel inhibitory receptors, and classified them into previously proposed functional categories. Known and putative inhibitory receptors were expressed across different immune cell subsets with cell type-specific expression patterns. Furthermore, putative immune inhibitory receptors were differentially expressed in subsets of tumour infiltrating T cells. In conclusion, we present an inhibitory receptor pipeline that identifies 51 known and 390 novel human inhibitory receptors. This pipeline will support future drug target selection across diseases where therapeutic targeting of immune inhibitory receptors is warranted.
Aligned and oblique dynamics in recurrent neural networks
Authors: Schuessler Friedrich , Mastrogiuseppe Francesca , Ostojic Srdjan , Barak Omri
Published: March 2024

The relation between neural activity and behaviorally relevant variables is at the heart of neuroscience research. When strong, this relation is termed a neural representation. There is increasing evidence, however, for partial dissociations between activity in an area and relevant external variables. While many explanations have been proposed, a theoretical framework for the relationship between external and internal variables is lacking. Here, we utilize recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to explore the question of when and how neural dynamics and the network’s output are related from a geometrical point of view. We find that training RNNs can lead to two dynamical regimes: dynamics can either be aligned with the directions that generate output variables, or oblique to them. We show that the choice of readout weight magnitude before training can serve as a control knob between the regimes, similar to recent findings in feedforward networks. These regimes are functionally distinct. Oblique networks are more heterogeneous and suppress noise in their output directions. They are furthermore more robust to perturbations along the output directions. Crucially, the oblique regime is specific to recurrent (but not feedforward) networks, arising from dynamical stability considerations. Finally, we show that tendencies toward the aligned or the oblique regime can be dissociated in neural recordings. Altogether, our results open a new perspective for interpreting neural activity by relating network dynamics and their output.
Causal role of the frontal eye field in attention-induced ocular dominance plasticity
Authors: Song Fangxing , Dong Xue , Zhao Jiaxu , Wang Jue , Sang Xiaohui , He Xin , Bao Min
Published: March 2024

Previous research has found that prolonged eye-based attention can bias ocular dominance. If one eye long-termly views a regular movie meanwhile the opposite eye views a backward movie of the same episode, perceptual ocular dominance will shift towards the eye previously viewing the backward movie. Yet it remains unclear whether the role of eye-based attention in this phenomenon is causal or not. To address this issue, the present study relied on both the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) techniques. We found robust activation of the frontal eye field (FEF) and intraparietal sulcus (IPS) when participants were watching the dichoptic movie while focusing their attention on the regular movie. Interestingly, we found a robust effect of attention-induced ocular dominance shift when the cortical function of vertex or IPS was transiently inhibited by continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), yet the effect was significantly attenuated to a negligible extent when cTBS was delivered to FEF. A control experiment verified that the attenuation of ocular dominance shift after inhibitory stimulation of FEF was not due to any impact of the cTBS on the binocular rivalry measurement of ocular dominance. These findings suggest that the fronto-parietal attentional network is involved in controlling eye-based attention in the ‘dichoptic-backward-movie’ adaptation paradigm, and in this network, FEF plays a crucial causal role in generating the attention-induced ocular dominance shift.
Maturation of cortical input to dorsal raphe nucleus increases behavioral persistence in mice
Authors: Gutierrez-Castellanos Nicolas , Sarra Dario , Godinho Beatriz S , Mainen Zachary F
Published: March 2024

The ability to persist toward a desired objective is a fundamental aspect of behavioral control whose impairment is implicated in several behavioral disorders. One of the prominent features of behavioral persistence is that its maturation occurs relatively late in development. This is presumed to echo the developmental time course of a corresponding circuit within late-maturing parts of the brain, such as the prefrontal cortex, but the specific identity of the responsible circuits is unknown. Here, we used a genetic approach to describe the maturation of the projection from layer 5 neurons of the neocortex to the dorsal raphe nucleus in mice. Using optogenetic-assisted circuit mapping, we show that this projection undergoes a dramatic increase in synaptic potency between postnatal weeks 3 and 8, corresponding to the transition from juvenile to adult. We then show that this period corresponds to an increase in the behavioral persistence that mice exhibit in a foraging task. Finally, we used a genetic targeting strategy that primarily affected neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex, to selectively ablate this pathway in adulthood and show that mice revert to a behavioral phenotype similar to juveniles. These results suggest that frontal cortical to dorsal raphe input is a critical anatomical and functional substrate of the development and manifestation of behavioral persistence.
Decoding the complexity of delayed wound healing following Enterococcus faecalis infection
Authors: Celik Cenk , Lee Stella Tue Ting , Tanoto Frederick Reinhart , Veleba Mark , Kline Kimberly , Thibault Guillaume
Published: March 2024

Wound infections are highly prevalent and can lead to delayed or failed healing, causing significant morbidity and adverse economic impacts. These infections occur in various contexts, including diabetic foot ulcers, burns, and surgical sites. Enterococcus faecalis is often found in persistent non-healing wounds, but its contribution to chronic wounds remains understudied. To address this, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on infected wounds in comparison to uninfected wounds in a mouse model. Examining over 23,000 cells, we created a comprehensive single-cell atlas that captures the cellular and transcriptomic landscape of these wounds. Our analysis revealed unique transcriptional and metabolic alterations in infected wounds, elucidating the distinct molecular changes associated with bacterial infection compared to the normal wound healing process. We identified dysregulated keratinocyte and fibroblast transcriptomes in response to infection, jointly contributing to an anti-inflammatory environment. Notably, E. faecalis infection prompted a premature, incomplete epithelial-mesenchymal transition in keratinocytes. Additionally, E. faecalis infection modulated M2-like macrophage polarization by inhibiting pro-inflammatory resolution in vitro, in vivo, and in our scRNA-seq atlas. Furthermore, we discovered macrophage crosstalk with neutrophils, which regulates chemokine signaling pathways, while promoting anti-inflammatory interactions with endothelial cells. Overall, our findings offer new insights into the immunosuppressive role of E. faecalis in wound infections.
Unbiased identification of cell identity in dense mixed neural cultures
Authors: De Beuckeleer Sarah , Van De Looverbosch Tim , Van Den Daele Johanna , Ponsaerts Peter , De Vos Winnok H
Published: March 2024

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology is revolutionizing cell biology. However, the variability between individual iPSC lines and the lack of efficient technology to comprehensively characterize iPSC-derived cell types hinder its adoption in routine preclinical screening settings. To facilitate the validation of iPSC-derived cell culture composition, we have implemented an imaging assay based on cell painting and convolutional neural networks to recognize cell types in dense and mixed cultures with high fidelity. We have benchmarked our approach using pure and mixed cultures of neuroblastoma and astrocytoma cell lines and attained a classification accuracy above 96%. Through iterative data erosion, we found that inputs containing the nuclear region of interest and its close environment, allow achieving equally high classification accuracy as inputs containing the whole cell for semi-confluent cultures and preserved prediction accuracy even in very dense cultures. We then applied this regionally restricted cell profiling approach to evaluate the differentiation status of iPSC-derived neural cultures, by determining the ratio of postmitotic neurons and neural progenitors. We found that the cell-based prediction significantly outperformed an approach in which the population-level time in culture was used as a classification criterion (96% vs 86%, respectively). In mixed iPSC-derived neuronal cultures, microglia could be unequivocally discriminated from neurons, regardless of their reactivity state, and a tiered strategy allowed for further distinguishing activated from non-activated cell states, albeit with lower accuracy. Thus, morphological single-cell profiling provides a means to quantify cell composition in complex mixed neural cultures and holds promise for use in the quality control of iPSC-derived cell culture models.