bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Total phenolics, quercetin glycosides and antioxidant activity in organic and conventional orchards in three apple cultivars during fruit growth
Authors: Maldonado Francisco , Yuri José A. , Neira Amalia , Razmilic Iván
Published: November 2022

Aim of study: To evaluate whether organic and conventional management practices, cultivar and fruit growth stage affect total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and quercetin glycosides in apples of three cultivars.
Area of study: The trials were conducted in commercial orchards located in Chimbarongo, O’Higgins Region, Chile.
Material and methods: Two types of orchard management (organic and conventional) were studied in three apple cultivars: Gala 'Brookfield', Granny Smith and Fuji 'Raku Raku'. Total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and quercetin glycosides were evaluated according to management practices, fruit growth stage, cultivar, fruit weight and skin surface. Data were analyzed statistically using a truncated multiple regression model.
Main results: No differences were found between organic and conventional management regarding polyphenol concentration and antioxidant activity, except for specific quercetin glycosides. However, significant differences were observed between cultivars in both variables, as well as in fruit development throughout the season, which showed a significant dilution of polyphenols and antioxidant activity as the fruit grew.
Research highlights: Cultivar and fruit growth stage were decisive in total phenolic content, glycosidic quercetins and apples antioxidant activity. Conventional and organic management practices were significant for quercetin glycoside concentration, which is the main polyphenol in apples.
LES REPRESENTATIONS SOCIALES DE L’ATOME CHEZ DES ELEVES FRANÇAIS ET GRECS
Authors: Grivopoulos Konstantinos , Ravanis Konstantinos
Published: November 2022

Des processus représentatifs se déclenchent chez les élèves à propos des savoirs scolaires. Nous étudions les représentations sociales de l’atome, en contexte scolaire et, plus précisément, auprès d’élèves français et grecs de l’éducation générale. Connaître la structuration et le contenu sémantique d’une représentation permet de repérer des obstacles à l’apprentissage, mais également contribue à la mise au point du travail transpositif dans l’enseignement. La démarche méthodologique s’appuie sur l’analyse prototypique et catégorielle des représentations sociales. De la comparaison des résultats, nous concluons des convergences importantes, comme la confusion entre atome et molécule
ESTUDO SOBRE A ADAPTAÇÃO DO MATERIAL DIDÁTICO DE ASTRONOMIA – O DIÁRIO DO CÉU – DO CONTEXTO DO HEMISFÉRIO NORTE PARA O HEMISFÉRIO SUL
Authors: Dias Fernandes Telma Cristina , Nardi Roberto , Lanciano Nicoletta
Published: November 2022

Este artigo descreve as primeiras das fases de uma pesquisa mais ampla, que se preocupa em minimizar a distância entre a produção acadêmica da área de ensino, no caso, de Astronomia, e os saberes e práticas de professores e alunos da Educação Básica. Intitulada “O Céu do Norte e o Céu do Sul – o ensino de Astronomia na Educação Básica: uma experiência cooperativa entre Brasil e Itália”, a pesquisa procurou interferir nesta realidade, à medida em que possibilitou a um grupo de professores das disciplinas de Ciências, Matemática, Física, Geografia e demais áreas afins, utilizar de variadas propostas metodológicas e de instrumentos didáticos, para a construção de conceitos referentes à Astronomia. Descreve-se aqui as singularidades encontradas durante as etapas de tradução e adaptação do material didático Il Diario del Cielo, originalmente idealizado para a realidade do Hemisfério Norte (Roma, Itália) e adaptado à realidade do cinturão tropical do Hemisfério Sul (Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil), procurando ampliar o debate sobre seu potencial e alcance para o trabalho com conceitos de Astronomia, na formação de professores do ensino básico, na área das ciências.
Evaluation of Information Reliability and Quality of Youtube™ Videos About White Spot Lesions
Authors: KURT DEMİRSOY Kevser , KAPLAN Melek Hilal , BÜYÜK S. Kutalmış
Published: November 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the quality and reliability of the information provided by YouTube™ videos about white spot lesion.
Methods: YouTube™ videos were searched for the term 'white spot lesion' (WSL) by relevance. 142 videos about WSL were analyzed and 56 videos that met the inclusion criteria were evaluated. Video demographics (number of views, duration, number of likes, number of comments) viewing rate, primary purpose, video sources were determined and the reliability and the quality of the listed videos were evaluated with modified DISCERN (ModDISCERN) scale and the Global Quality Scale (GQS). Kruskall-Wallis, Mann–Whitney U test, Spearman’s correlation coefficients and Intra-class Correlation Coefficient were used for statistical analyses.
Results: The majority of YouTube™ videos analyzed on WSL were uploaded by YouTube™ channels (50%), with 29% uploaded by dentists and 21% by companies. The mean/standard deviation (SD) ModDISCERN score, showing the reliability of the information in the videos, was 2.71±1.22; and the mean/SD GQS value showing the video quality was 2.71±1.14. 25% of the videos’ GQS value was >3, and the reliability of the information in these videos was significantly higher than the videos with a GQS of ≤3 (3.93 vs. 2.31; P<0.001). There was a high correlation between GQS and ModDISCERN scores in all 3 video source groups (Dentist r=0.805, Company r=0.757, YouTube™ Channel r=0.917; P<0.01).
Conclusion: The information reliability and video quality of most YouTube™ videos about WSL, is not sufficient. Orthodontists and dentists should direct their patients to reliable information sources about WSL.
Expert Robotic System in Image Processing Technique using Uipath Deep Learning (RPA)
Authors: Priya N. Hari
Published: November 2022

In this particular paper, Image processing using Deep learning (DL) in Uipath Automation (RPA) is being developed to proceed for larger data storage in-depth analysis by Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) which is stated as Expert Robotic System. Therefore, a Machine learning algorithm will be established and applied for automatic processing and observance of unpredicted seen to secure, which are likely to Identification of Image and Object identification. DL model in Uipath will be bought up with a dataset of event images in various models. Then, based on the training dl model, the Uipath-based image detection application system will be tested with a couple of images that include actions and features. As the result, the program can rectify all actions in a particular period and area. The important point is that processing will be improved automatically without any rectification in the system as the design of Uipath Index Terms- Deep learning, Robotic process automation, Uipath, Image processing, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Object Tracking Algorithm, Automation
Introduction
Authors: Dubald Deborah , Madruga Catarina
Published: November 2022

The naturalist’s field is often taken as a romanticized place of awe and wonder or a side activity to scientific work. This special issue seeks to establish the field as neither the origin nor the end of knowledge production. By situating nature, we seek to escape a romanticized conception of fieldwork and argue that the field is not a simple backdrop to knowledge production, nor one step in an idealized scientific protocol. Rather, the field is a space co-produced from entangled interactions between society and environment. Paying specific attention to field practices of collecting opens a critical view of narratives of idealized hardship of exploration in distant terrains. By reconnecting the history of natural history to the contingencies and agencies of fieldwork, we contribute to the contextualization of the production of knowledge about nature. Working towards better political and social definitions and delineations of the field is essential to addressing these gaps in the narrative, particularly in the long nineteenth century when nationalist, imperial and colonial rationales infused field practices.
The question of the field is also that of the conditions of amassing collections. At a time of environmental crisis, when museums and collections are set up as protective temples of biodiversity, it seems crucial to question the conditions of the making of their collections and to place them in their contexts and histories. Bringing to light the political and social implications of collecting and collections, we argue, encourages serious reflection on the non-neutrality of museums and collections.
Competition and Competitors: Evidence from the Retail Fuel Market
Authors: González Xulia , Moral María J.
Published: November 2022

Policy makers and antitrust authorities are concerned about the lack of competition in the fuel retail market and its impact on consumer prices. The aim of this article is to empirically evaluate the role of the intensity of competition and competitors’ brand affiliation on retail fuel prices. To this end, we use a panel data set with detailed daily on nearly 8,500 gas stations and 2 million price observations; we estimate a reduced-form fuel price equation that accounts for supply (input costs and local competition) and demand shifters (income, traffic intensity, and location) as well as for brand and time fixed effects. We use an instrumental variable estimation strategy, to account for the endogeneity of the intensity of competition. Our results show that premium brands and low-cost brands affect the prices of rival firms in an opposite way. On the one hand, premium brands soften competition in the local markets where they operate and thereby allow their rivals to set higher prices. Besides, price setting by premium-brand stations react differently depending on whether the nearest rival sells the same brand (a friendly competitor) or some other brand. By contrast, low-cost brands contribute to reducing prices through their own prices (direct effect), thereby encouraging competitors to lower their prices (indirect effect). Our results suggest that regulation limiting the entry of premium operators whilst promoting the entry of low cost gas stations will enhance competition at the retail level.
An Innovative Approach to Teaching Stereometry in School Using the Stereo System StereoMV
Authors: Lebamovski Penio , Nikolova Mariana
Published: November 2022

The report presents the technology of stereometry training, realized through the stereo system StereoMV. The system is proprietary, has a user-friendly interface and allows the learner easy navigation and interaction. StereoMV is the basis of a technological approach that supports the teaching of mathematics through the visualization of spatial figures, in order to easily master the concepts associated with them. StereoMV is part of a dissertation on "Creating a training software application running on a stereoscopic visualization system."
The Compmath Competition: Solving Math Problems With Computer Algebra Systems
Authors: Bouyuklieva Stefka , Kapralov Stoyan
Published: November 2022

The CompMath competition is presented. Several problems are presented with multiple solutions with computer algebra system Mathematica.
Theoretically Conceptual Model for Accessibility: Subject-Object Model
Authors: Sabev Negoslav
Published: November 2022

There are several views on the problems of people with disabilities, called 'models', but they address issues not so much of interaction as of different perspectives on attitudes towards people themselves and rather on perceptions of disability. However, none of them considers human interaction as a subject with a specific object. This article proposes a simplified theoretical conceptual model that considers the interaction between the person as a subject with a specific object, and is applicable to different subjects and objects in different contexts.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging as a Promising Radiological Biomarker of Disability, Disease Load, and Activity in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors:   Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt., Mustafa Wessam , Esmael Ahmed ,   Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt., Mohsen Mohamed ,   Diagnostic Radiology Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt., Jawad Mohamed ,   Medical Intern, Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt, Eltoukhy Khaled ,   Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
Published: November 2022

The recent MRI brain techniques are potential biomarkers of MS lesion activity and disability. This study aimed to determine the cutoff values of Diffusion Tensor Imaging parameters correlated to the disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study included fifty MS cases and thirty age and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Axial fast spin-echo T1, T2, and 3D high-resolution T2 FLAIR images were carried out for all patients. Also delayed post-Gadolinium T1 images were obtained in MS cases for assessment of plaque activity. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) was obtained to assess the white matter tract, disease burden, and activity.
Accidental discovery of appendiceal carcinoma in gynecological surgery : a case report and literature review
Authors:   Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China., Wang Lin , Dong Yan ,   Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China., Chen Yahui ,   Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China., Wang Yanan ,   Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China., Sun Lin ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China.
Published: November 2022

Objective: To introduce the common diagnosis and treatment of appendix cancer. Methods: The discovery process and treatment plan of a patient with mucinous adenocarcinoma of appendix accidentally found in gynecological surgery in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College in May 2021 were summarized. Results: The patient was treated for right lower abdominal pain and considered as ovarian tumor. Preoperative abdominal enhanced CT showed that the appendix was thickened. Cancer was found in the exploration of the appendix during gynecological surgery. The right colon was removed. After surgery, he received chemotherapy. At present, he has recovered well. Conclusion: The incidence rate of appendiceal carcinoma is very low. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult. It is often found in operation or after operation. Preoperative examination and early evaluation of clinical manifestations are particularly important.
The Level of Study Group Involvement in AIS Presentations at the SRS Annual Meeting from 2008-2020
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics and Physical Medicine 96 Jonathan Lucas St, CSB 708, MSC 622. Charleston, SC 29425, USA., Marshall Maxwell D , Mooney James F ,   Department of Orthopaedics and Physical Medicine 96 Jonathan Lucas St, CSB 708, MSC 622. Charleston, SC 29425, USA., Murphy Robert F ,   Department of Orthopaedics and Physical Medicine 96 Jonathan Lucas St, CSB 708, MSC 622. Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
Published: November 2022

Study groups pool data to improve evidence-based research. However, this may inadvertently limit perspectives from those not involved with study groups. We hypothesized that study group Podium Presentations (PP), would comprise a high percentage of AIS PP at the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) Annual Meeting (AM).
Effect of in ovo feeding of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic to Broiler embryos on growth performance, Mucin-2 gene expression and gut colonization of microbiota
Authors: SWAPNIL SURVASE , KANAGARAJU P , SRINIVASAN G , KUMANAN K , RATHNAPRABA S
Published: November 2022

Supplementation of antibiotics in poultry diet was banned in several countries due to development of antibiotic resistance. In ovo feeding of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics have gained more attention recently. The present study was carried out in 2018 to investigate the effect of in-ovo feeding of probiotic, prebiotic and symbiotic on growth performance and gut microbiome of broiler chicken. On 18th day of incubation, 600 eggs were randomly divided into five treatments each with four replicates of 30 eggs each and were injected with different bio-active compounds, viz. 0.2 ml of Lactobacillus acidophilus 3×107 cfu, 0.5% Mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS), synbiotic (0.1 ml each of Lactobacillus acidophilus 3×107 cfu and 0.5% MOS) along with injected and non-injected controls. After hatch, 400 chicks were sorted out as per treatment with four replicates of 20 chicks each. Birds were reared under deep litter system and fed with experimental diet ad lib. In ovo feeding of Lactobacillus acidophilus, MOS either separately or in combination significantly improved hatch weight, fifth week body weight and gain. However, hatchability, cumulative feed intake, cumulative FCR and cumulative livability were not affected. Improved colonization of Lactobacillus acidophilus and suppressed colonization of Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus in all intra-amniotic groups was noticed. Ileal Mucin-2 gene was significantly up-regulated in the order of MOS, L. acidophilus and synbiotic injected broilers. The results concluded that the in ovo delivery of Lactobacillus acidophilus and MOS either separately or in combination had beneficial effect on growth and gut health of broiler chicken.
Strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance in Indian scenario
Authors: RAHAL ANU , KUMAR AMIT
Published: November 2022

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the major public health crisis recognised globally. Microbial infections cause significant productivity losses in animals and humans. In livestock, these microbial infections reduce the growth rates and fertility, diminish production of meat and milk, and occasionally lead to mortality, and are therefore, a major concern for animal welfare. In the dearth of alternative prophylactic measures, antibiotics remain the principal tool for their management. Once an antibiotic is used rampantly, resistance against it is inevidently seen in the microbe population and the hunt for a new drug grows. Discovery and development of a new antimicrobial drug is a time taking and expensive procedure with limited assurance of success. As a result, the past few decades have witnessed only a very few new classes of antibiotics. If the AMR can be restricted or reverted, the success rate of antimicrobial therapy can be boosted and many public health issues be avoided. All these ask for a comprehensive plan to prevent or reduce the antimicrobial resistance and economic losses to the animal husbandry sector. The present review provides an overview of AMR in India, mechanism of its occurrence and the possible roadmap to combat the emerging threat of AMR in Indian scenario.
Papaya mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): A new threat to agri-horticulture ecosystem
Authors: M LANEESHA , SUROSHE SACHIN S , F BABASAHEB B , SHANKARGANESH K
Published: November 2022

The papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) is an invasive insect pest of Central American origin that has become a serious threat to about 60 plant species belonging to more than 22 families across the globe. The average life cycle of P. marginatus lasts between 15–32 days depending on host plant species and it can complete about 11–13 generations per year, depending on the temperature and relative humidity. It is of considerable economic importance and causes major losses to both agricultural and horticultural crops. In India, papaya mealybug became a major pest in 2009 with a devastating outbreak in south India. Even though several control methods, such as cultural, chemical, legal and biological control, have been adopted to tackle the problem, only chemical and biological control methods have been widely practised for its management. About 17 predators and 8 host specific parasitoids have been reported to give effective control of P. marginatus. However, the parasitoid Acerophagus papayae Noyes and Schauff (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) has played a predominant role in suppressing P. marginatus, with percentage parasitism in several countries between 75–81%. Owing to papaya mealybugs' polyphagy, wide climatic adaptability and ecological plasticity, it clearly has the potential to invade new areas and host plants and is likely to cause much damage in the future. In this paper, the origin, distribution, taxonomy, bio-ecology, host range, natural enemies, management practices and the possible effects of climate change on P. marginatus are critically reviewed. The information gathered will guide the management of this difficult to control insect pest.
Micropropagation protocol for Stevia rebaudiana through axillary shoot proliferation
Authors: SINGH BALRAM , GAJERA BHAVESH , DESAI PARTH , MODI ARPAN , PATIL GHANSHYAM , NARAYANAN SUBHASH
Published: November 2022

The present investigation was carried out at Anand Agricultural University, Gujarat during the year 2016 to develop a micropropagation protocol for mass multiplication of medicinally rich stevia plants. Axenic culture was established by sequential application of 200 mg/l Kanamycin, 200 mg/l Carbendazim-50% and 1000 mg/l HgCl2. Out of two different basal media, viz. Gamborg (B5) and Murashige and Skoog (MS) used, full strength MS gave highest (98%) culture establishment. Out of three different basal media, viz. Gamborg’s (B5), Linsmair and Skoog (LS), Murashige and Skoog (MS) and four different cytokinins, viz. 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), Kinetin (Kn), Thiadiazuron (TDZ), Zeatin (Zn) tested for multiple shoot induction, full strength MS medium and 2 mg/l BAP, respectively, promoted maximum shoot formation. In the experiment to study the effect of varying strength of MS media and various plant growth regulators, viz. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on in vitro rooting, ½ strength MS and 1 mg/l NAA, respectively, gave superior response. Among the 26 different combinations of potting mixtures used for primary acclimatization of in vitro rooted plants, cocopeat based substrates yielded highest survival rate (75.06%). Secondary acclimatization was carried out in the soil bags in the poly house. Thus, a reproducible and reliable micropropagation protocol for mass multiplication of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni using nodal segments has been developed.
Effects of GA4+7+BA and CPPU on russeting and fruit quality in apple (Malus Ã— domestica)
Authors: Sharma Sajan , Sharma N , Sharma D P , Chauhan Neena
Published: November 2022

Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) production is now being affected by the changing climate which has led to reduction in quality thereby, these fruits command low returns in the market. As it is the most important temperate fruit crop of Himachal Pradesh, it still requires a great improvisation in quality. The present study was conducted in 2017-18 with various plant growth regulator practices on eight year old apple trees cv. ‘Scarlet Spur II’. Application of GA4+7+BA at 2.5 and 5 ppm when given at petal fall and two times later at 10 days interval recorded minimum russet formation (Score:1.17), increased fruit length (68.93 mm) as well as increased L/D ratio (1.07), TSS and sugar content in apple. However, CPPU at 10 ppm when applied at petal fall stage recorded higher fruit diameter (70.89 mm), fruit weight (155.56 g), fruit volume (102.94 cc), TSS (10.72 ºBrix), total sugars (9.11%) and reducing sugars (4.87%).
Pre-harvest application of methyl jasmonate for improving nutritional quality of Pusa Navrang grape (Vitis vinifera)
Authors: SAHOO TANUSHREE , VERMA MAHENDRA KUMAR , DUBEY ANIL KUMAR , THAKRE MADHUBALA , IQUEBAL MIRASIF , BHARADWAJ C , SAHA SUPRADIP
Published: November 2022

The effect of pre-harvest application of Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA) on berry quality, flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity in grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Pusa Navrang were studied under subtropical conditions of New Delhi. Different doses of MeJA (0, 5, 10, 15 mM) were applied at three different dates. There were no significant differences were recorded for bunch and berry weight. Grapes treated with MeJA had slightly higher soluble solid content, lower titratable acids than untreated berries. Methyl jasmonate significantly enhanced the content of total monomeric anthocyanins, total phenolics, flavonoids and the antioxidant capacities in the berries. These were found significantly different for dose of methyl jasmonate and time of application. In general, when MeJA(10 mM) applied at veraison stage was found most effective for improving the berry bioactive compounds and had significantly higher total monomeric anthocyanin (1434.43 C3GE mg/kg fresh berry weight), total phenolic content (504.58 mg/100 g), total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity measured in terms of DPPH.
In vitro rooting and hardening of clonal cherry rootstock Gisela 5 (Prunus cerasus × Prunus canescens)
Authors: KUMAR AKHIL , SHARMA VISHAL , THAKUR MANISHA
Published: November 2022

A technique for in vitro rooting and hardening of Gisela 5 (Prunus cerasus x Prunus canescens) cherry rootstock has been developed. In vitro shoot cultures maintained by routine subculturing were used as source of microshoots for rooting experiments. In single step rooting procedure, maximum rooting (100%) was achieved on full strength MS medium fortified with 0.5 mg/l IBA with thin, long roots devoid of callus. In two step procedure of rooting, maximum rooting (60.00%) was observed after 24 hours dark incubation in half strength MS broth fortified with 0.1 and 0.4 mg/l IBA, followed by transfer to semisolid half strength MS basal medium. Addition of activated charcoal (0.4%) in half strength MS medium fortified with 0.5 mg/l IBA showed 40.06% rooting without callus, whereas in phloroglucinol (0.1%) supplemented medium only callus was observed at the bases of the shoots which did not lead to root formation. The in vitro rooted plantlets were successfully hardened in sand: soil: FYM (1:1:1) with 100 per cent survival in the month of August. After two months these plants were transferred to bigger pots containing sand: soil: FYM (1:1:1) and are showing normal growth without any morphological variations.
Salinity tolerance potential of Citrus (Citrus spp.) rootstock genotypes
Authors: MARATHE R A , MURKUTE A A , KOLWADKAR JAYASHREE , DESHPANDE C P
Published: November 2022

In semi-arid ecosystem, salinity is major stress which influences the performance of citrus plants. An experiment was conducted at ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra during 2015–18 in containerized nursery to screen 4 hybrids (NRCC 2, NRCC 3, NRCC 6, CRH 12) as well as promising citrus (Citrus spp.) rootstock genotypes (Alemow, Volkamer lemon, Shekwasha mandarin, commercially used Rangpur lime and rough lemon) against salinity stress. Salinity gradient 0-80 mili mole (mM) was developed using salt mixture and found inversely proportional to plant growth parameters and leaf content of most of the nutrients. At highest salinity, commercially used rootstocks were unable to survive. At 80 mM salinity level, decrease in plant height (48.9%) and stock girth (14.8%) was lowest in Shekwasha, while lowest defoliation was observed in Alemow (9.7%) rootstock. Lowest reduction in leaf N and P content was observed in Alemow; Ca in NRCC-6 and Mg in Shekwasha. Substantial reduction in leaf K content (2.6–64.0%) was observed in most of the rootstocks with increasing salinity levels except in Alemow, NRCC-6 and Shekwasha. It was found that the parentage of trifoliate orange in hybrids imparted further sensitivity for salt tolerance. In general, it was observed that Alemow and NRCC-6 rootstocks were least affected by salinity treatments as compared to other citrus rootstocks.
Contemporary nitrogen management in maize (Zea mays)–Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) cropping system for maximizing yield, water productivity and profitability
Authors: SINGH HAR VIR , JAT R S , CHOUDHARY R L , RATHORE S S , MEENA M K , RAI P K
Published: November 2022

A field experiment was conducted during 2018–19 and 2019–20 at the research farm of ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan to evaluate the effect of organic and inorganic nitrogen sources on yield, water productivity, system productivity and economics of maize (Zea mays L.)-mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.] cropping system. The experiment was conducted in split-plot design with recommended levels of fertilizers (RDF)/FYM/biofertilizer/mustard straw/Jivamrat in main-plots and recommended doses of nitrogen (RDN) 100, 125 and 150% in sub-plots to maize and Indian mustard and replicated thrice. Application of RDF + FYM @2.5 t/ha + Azotobacter + mustard straw @2.5 t/ha recorded highest SCMR (41.2), leaf area index (4.42), number of siliqua/ plant (440.7), number of seeds/siliqua (18.4), test weight (5.83 g) and seed yield (3.36 t/ha) of mustard. Application of RDN 150% recorded highest physiological and yield attributes and seed yield (3.22 t/ha) of mustard. Results also showed the highest physiological and yield attributes and grain yield (3.73 t/ha) of maize with RDF+FYM @2.5 t/ ha+Azotobacter+mustard straw @2.5 t/ha. System productivity (4.84 t/ha) and water productivity (2.14 kg seed/m3) were found higher with RDF+FYM @2.5 t/ha +Azotobacter+mustard straw @2.5 t/ha and RDN 150%. The highest net monetary return 51715, 81040 and 132755 `/ha and B:C ratio 3.09, 3.22 and 3.15 were recorded for maize, mustard and system with RDF+FYM @2.5 t/ha+Azotobacter+mustard straw @2.5 t/ha and RDN 150%, respectively. Thus, integrated use of RDF+FYM @2.5 t/ha+Azotobacter+mustard straw @2.5 t/ha with RDN @150% improved maize–mustard system yield and profitability under semi-arid climates.
Reform Path and System Construction of Rural Homestead Use Right System in China
Authors: Wang Shuwei , Liu Huimin , Wang Xing , Du Xinyu , Ziaul Islam Md.
Published: November 2022

Rural homestead system is an important part of China’s rural land system. It is the result of the birth of China’s land, which is poor in per capita resources and needs fair and reasonable distribution to protect the rights and interests of the majority of people. In recent years, the system of rural homestead use right in China has been developing and improving, but there are still many practical problems, such as the unclear subject of homestead use right, restricted circulation of homestead use right, restricted inheritance, withdrawal of homestead use right and imperfect guarantee mechanism. The rural land system in China still needs to clear the land obtained subject, improve the system of right to use homestead circulation, explore out of housing land use right and its guarantee mechanism, etc. This paper aims to draw on these issues and put forward some suggestions for effective reform of China’s rural homestead use right system.
China’s Infringement of Trade Secrets in the Aggravating Circumstances Proof Ideas
Authors: Wang Ziyi , Ye Xinshi
Published: November 2022

The perpetrator of the infringement of trade secrets to the right of the trade secrets caused by the seriousness of the circumstances is one of the elements of the crime of infringement of trade secrets, seriousness of the circumstances is also considered to be an important judgment of the crime of infringement of trade secrets and non-crime the basis. In this paper, through the crime of infringement of trade secrets for empirical research, the infringement of trade secrets in the judicial application of the widely concerned about the value of the determination of trade secrets, seriousness of the calculation method, the judicial identification of trade secrets and other issues to discuss.
Ljutomer in the Middle Ages
Authors: Bele Martin
Published: November 2022

The contribution discusses the medieval beginnings of the settlement and castle of Ljutomer as well as of the noble families that resided in it during that period. The article draws on analysed sources and the existing Slovenian and Austrian literature. The beginnings of (originally Salzburg-owned) Ljutomer date to the thirteenth century, when the first data emerge regarding both the market town and the castle. The market town first appears in the land register of the Bohemian king Ottokar II Přemysl (the then Styrian duke) as early as 1265. Over the following decades, Ljutomer passed through the hands of various Styrian dukes from the Habsburg dynasty. The residents of the castle apparently played no notable part in the Styrian provincial politics. From the thirteenth century onwards, many vineyards of various owners dotted the hills around Ljutomer.
Landed property conditions in the Ljutomer area until the abolition of seigniories (1848)
Authors: Hozjan Andrej
Published: November 2022

The article presents an overview of the development path of the Upper Ljutomer seigniory between the end of the Middle Ages and its abolition in 1848. The original size of the seigniory remains unknown and can only be speculated on based on the scope of the provincial court Ljutomer and those of both local vicariate parishes seated in Ljutomer and Sv. Križ (Križevci), respectively. During the transition between the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period, the then owner, provincial prince, granted the Ljutomer seigniory to the Schweinbeck (Schweinpeck) family and thus turned it into a private hereditary property. The article describes the main phases that individual parts of what was once a territorially uniform seigniory underwent, passing into the hands of individual members of noble families which then held them for generations.
Branek Castle
Authors: Sapač Igor
Published: November 2022

The contribution discusses the architectural development of the former Branek (Mallegg) Castle or Upper Castle in the area of Branoslavci west of Ljutomer, which was the biggest, the most distinguished, and the most recognizable castle building in the wider Ljutomer area between the second half of the seventeenth century and 1926. In 1926, a significant part of the castle complex was demolished after a devastating a fire and the rest was converted into a simple residential building, which has so far not been subject to any detailed discussion in terms of its architectural history. By taking into consideration and systematically analysing the preserved remains of the former castle, old depictions, archival photographs, data on the history of the estate, and historical depictions, it is possible to determine the main development phases of the former castle building between the sixteenth and the twentieth centuries with a fair amount of reliability and thus accentuate its special significance for the history of the Ljutomer area during the period concerned. Everything suggests that Branek Castle was built in the early sixteenth century in accordance with the medieval tradition of fortified castles and that it was set for Franz von Herbersdorf on the site of a medieval tower house which, unlike itself, served no particular defensive purpose.
Not Murat or Pašič, but rather Christianized Turks were the other inhabitants of “Lotmerk”
Authors: Golec Boris
Published: November 2022

The contribution discusses Ottoman prisoners of war of Muslim faith that were baptized in Ljutomer or lived there. During the Great Turkish War 1683–1699, when by far the greatest number of both male and female Ottoman prisoners of war were baptized in Slovenian territory and Habsburg lands in general, the register of births kept by the parish of Ljutomer documents three cases of baptism, and one convert most likely came to Ljutomer after marrying in Sv. Lenart, in the wine-growing hills of Slovenske Gorice. On the other hand, the origin of persons from the Ottoman state cannot be determined based exclusively on family names such as Murat and Pašič. The contribution puts the problem concerning the baptism and integration of Muslims in a broader spatial and temporal context.
Parish church in Ljutomer and Early Baroque sacral architecture in Prlekija
Authors: Kemperl Metoda
Published: November 2022

The article presents the Baroque architectural phase of the parish church in Ljutomer, the nave of which was constructed between 1688 and 1690 by the very prolific master mason from Leibniz (Lipnica), Jakob Schmerleib. The church has a three-nave structure, with its origins in Late Gothic architecture. The master mason was probably sent to Ljutomer by the owner of the seigniory Branek, Thomas Ignaz Maurer von Mauerburg, a member of the highest elite in Graz. Although the church is not the first Early Baroque sacral building in Prlekija, it boasts the most complex architecture amidst the predominantly single-nave, multi-bay counterparts. Early Baroque sacral architecture in the area emerged at a relatively late stage, about 1674 (churches in Cezanjevci, Velika Nedelja, and Stara Gora at Sveti Jurij ob Ščavnici). By the end of the seventeenth century, nearly all of the important sacral buildings in Prlekija were rebuilt or newly constructed in the Baroque style.
Slomšek visited Ljutomer not once but twice
Authors: Urlep Lilijana
Published: November 2022

The article discusses the visits of the (future) bishop of Lavant, Anton Martin Slomšek (1800–1862) to Ljutomer and materials available for this topic. Slomšek first visited Ljutomer in 1837, when he served as a spiritual at the seminary in Klagenfurt and Ljutomer, along with the entire district of Maribor, belonged to the Diocese of Seckau. In the position of Prince-Bishop of Lavant, Slomšek paid the only visit to Ljutomer or, more accurately, the parish of Ljutomer, in July 1861, when he performed a canonical visitation and administered the Sacrament of Confirmation. The visits were very different: whereas that in 1837 took place in a highly informal atmosphere, the more official visit in 1861 focused on pastoral questions.
Franc Cvetko–Slovenian Cicero
Authors: Ditmajer Nina
Published: November 2022

The article presents the preserved sermons of the Eastern Styrian priest Franc Cvetko (1789–1859), published posthumously in the newspaper Slovenski prijatelj. It focuses on selected sermons, written or delivered during Cvetko’s ministry in Limbuš, Ptuj, and Ljutomer. The main focus is on presenting and contextualizing the content of the occasional sermons, whereas the Sunday sermons for various holidays and periods of the church year are subjected to rhetorical rather than content analysis.
Crafts in Ljutomer over time
Authors: Markovič Tomaž
Published: November 2022

As in other Slovenian towns and market towns, in the Middle Ages, handicrafts also began to develop in Ljutomer and its surroundings, which boasted numerous craftsmen. Most handicrafts in Ljutomer reached their zenith at the end of the nineteenth century. The greatest boom was experienced by joinery as well as the tanning and brickmaking trades, which gradually evolved from small handicrafts workshops into semi-industrial and industrial plants that continue to be in operation today. Among many handicrafts, the article focuses primarily on the development of tailoring, well digging, pottery, shoemaking, joinery, ropemaking, blacksmithing, wheelwrighting, milling, confectionery, and gingerbread making.
Ljutomer parish during the Great War
Authors: Šimac Miha
Published: November 2022

Drawing on archival materials from the Archdiocesan Archives Maribor and especially on an overview of church records and news items from the Slovenian press, the contribution aims to shed new light on the developments that took place in the parish of Ljutomer during the First World War. These entailed not only a wave of refugees from the Littoral and local casualties but also the presence of military graves in Ljutomer cemeteries, which is a lesser-known fact today.
“The greatest evil in Prlekija:” Polizei-Reiter-Abteilung Serbien in Ljutomer and its surroundings
Authors: Kocjančič Klemen
Published: November 2022

During the Second World, numerous (small) occupier and collaborator military units operated in Slovenian territory that are better known for their war crimes against civilians rather their involvement in counterguerrilla warfare. One of these units was also the mounted police detachment Serbia (Polizei-Reiter-Abteilung Serbien), which arrived in Prlekija no earlier than the autumn of 1944 as part of the general retreat of German and collaborator units from Serbia. Based on wartime and postwar archival documents as well as postwar literature, the article at hand presents and analyses the activities performed by this paramilitary unit, which was primarily composed of foreigners but under German command. Whereas in Prlekija, the unit engaged in fights against local Partisans, its members entered the local history by inflicting the worst kind of terror on the local population.
Boundary stones on the border between the Duchy of Styria and the Kingdom of Hungary
Authors: Zorn Matija , Mikša Peter
Published: November 2022

Boundary stones are physical markers that identify land borders and above all changes thereto. They are often placed in particularly visible places and inscribed with various kinds of relevant information. They are used for marking borders between countries or between various levels of administrative units within countries as well as for delimiting private landholdings. In the territory of the former Habsburg Monarchy, one can locate many boundary stones that, for example, marked the boundaries of seigniorial, dominical, and church estates as well as administrative and provincial borders. This contribution presents the latter, that is, boundary stones that marked the “Slovenian” section of the border which separated the Duchy of Styria and the Kingdom of Hungary until the end of the First World War, with a particular focus on the wider area of the Municipality of Ljutomer. Although these boundary stones no longer serve their original purpose, in some areas they still coincide with municipal and cadastral boundaries.
Mempraktikkan Hukum Kasih di Era Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Pasaribu Nehemia
Published: November 2022

Abstract: Covid-19 is a weakness experienced by everyone, which has an impact on health, poverty, and even society. During the COVID-19 pandemic, government regulations regarding health protocols were enforced, so that in carrying out activities there were social restrictions to reduce the spread of the virus, social restrictions also had an impact on church activities. But the church must still express the love that Jesus taught in the second commandment, which states "love your neighbor". This article aims to provide an understanding of how to practice the law of love. The method in this study uses an analytical literature approach. In this finding, it was found that during the Covid-19 pandemic, the church must continue to practice the law of love without violating the provisions of government regulations regarding health protocols.Abstrak: Covid-19 adalah sebuah kelemahan yang di alami semua orang, yang berdampak pada kesehatan, kemiskinan, bahkan sosia. Di masa pandemi Covid-19 diberlakukan peraturan pemerintah tentang protokol kesehatan, sehingga dalam melakukan kegiatan ada batasan sosial untuk mengurangi penyebaran virus, pembatasan sosial juga berdampak dalam kegiatan gereja. Namun gereja harus tetap menyatakan kasih yang telah diajarkan Yesus di dalam hukum yang kedua, yang menyatakan “kasihilah sesamamu manusia”. Artikel ini mempunyai tujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman tentang bagaimana cara mempraktekkan hukum kasih. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan literatur analisis. Dalam temuan ini diperoleh bahwapada masa pandemi Covid-19, gereja harus tetap memraktekkan hukum kasih tanpa melanggar ketetapan peraturan pemerintah tentang protokol kesehatan.
Pendidikan Agama Kristen bagi Anak dalam Gereja: Tantangan dan Solusi
Authors: Manik Novida Dwici Yuanri , Neolaka Amos , Sutrisno
Published: November 2022

Abstract: Christian religious education is a necessity for all age groups, including children. Instead, Christian Religious Education should be taught as early as possible for the good of the child in the future. The church is one of the places for children to get a Christian education, and the church is one of the main places for children to learn about Christianity. But unfortunately, sometimes the church forgets to pay attention to this need so the children's group becomes a little sidelined and only focuses on activities for adults. Even though there are so many ways to introduce Christian Religious Education to children in the church. Children are the future of the church; therefore, this age group should receive the same attention as other age groups. Therefore, the church must strive for the continuity of Christian Religious Education for children's groups. Thus, children who are said to be the future of the church can be committed from an early age to live according to the way of Christ and face the challenges they face. Abstrak: Pendidikan Agama Kristen merupakan kebutuhan bagi semua golongan usia, termasuk juga kelompok anak. Justru, Pendidikan Agama Kristen harus diajarkan sedini mungkin demi kebaikan anak di masa depan. Gereja merupakan salah satu tempat bagi anak untuk mendapatkan pendidikan Agama Kristen, dimana gereja menjadi salah satu wadah utama bagi anak untuk mempelajari tentang Kekristenan. Namun sayangnya, terkadang gereja lupa memperhatikan kebutuhan ini, sehingga kelompok anak menjadi sedikit tersisihkan dan hanya fokus pada kegiatan untuk orang dewasa. Padahal ada begitu banyak cara dalam mengenalkan Pendidikan Agama Kristen bagi anak di dalam gereja. Anak merupakan masa depan gereja, karena itu kelompok usia ini harusnya mendapat perhatian yang sama dengan kelompok usia lainnya. Karena itu, gereja harus berupaya untuk keberlangsungan Pendidikan Agama Kristen bagi kelompok anak. Sehingga, anak yang dikatakan merupakan masa depan gereja, dapat berkomitmen sejak dini untuk hidup seturut dengan jalan Kristus dan menghadapi tantangan yang mereka hadapi.
Chip dan Antikristus: Suatu Perspektif Etis Teologis
Authors: Sihombing Iin Nur Indrayani
Published: November 2022

Abstract: One example that always raises in gossip around the sign of the antichrist (666).  When computers were first popularized, some Christians become nervous, because they thought this device was means for the antichrist to rule the world.  Now, ironically, it’s hard to find a church that doesn’t have computers. Like wise with the use of barcodes (a kind of striped sign with numbers underneath that is often found on commercial products).  Not a few Christians frowned and were super alert when this technology was introduced.  Today almost all Christians benefit from this technology.