bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemotaxonomy of domesticated grasses: a pathway to understanding the origins of agriculture
Authors: Jardine Phillip E. , Gosling William D. , Lomax Barry H. , Julier Adele C. M. , Fraser Wesley T.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The grass family (Poaceae) is one of the most economically important plant groups in the world today. In particular many major food crops, including rice, wheat, maize, rye, barley, oats and millet, are grasses that were domesticated from wild progenitors during the Holocene. Archaeological evidence has provided key information on domestication pathways of different grass lineages through time and space. However, the most abundant empirical archive of floral change – the pollen record – has been underused for reconstructing grass domestication patterns because of the challenges of classifying grass pollen grains based on their morphology alone. Here, we test the potential of a novel approach for pollen classification based on the chemical signature of the pollen grains measured using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. We use a dataset of eight domesticated and wild grass species, classified using k-nearest neighbour classification coupled with leave-one-out cross validation. We demonstrate a 95 % classification success rate on training data and an 82 % classification success rate on validation data. This result shows that FTIR spectroscopy can provide enhanced taxonomic resolution enabling species level assignment from pollen. This will enable the full testing of the timing and drivers of domestication and agriculture through the Holocene.
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of high speed multiple units Gear Transmission System with Wear Fault
Authors: Yang Jianwei , Sun Ran , Yao Dechen , Wang Jinhai , Liu Chuan
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The helical gear system is an important form of transmission in
high-speed trains, and helical gear failure has a great impact on the
transmission performance. To investigate the influence of wear parameters on
the nonlinear dynamics of gear systems, the wear fault parameters of a
bending-torsion-shaft coupling mode with six degrees of freedom are
established. Using the variable step fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical
integration method, the gear dynamics model with fault parameters is
analyzed to get the dynamic response of the helical gear system. The system
excitation frequency, evolution of system periodic motion, quasi-periodic
motion, and chaotic motion with variable fault parameters are analyzed
qualitatively based on the results, including the system status judgment
criteria of phase plane graph, Poincaré cross-section graph, bifurcation
diagram, and RMS. The results show that wear fault affects the system
differently at different frequencies. Finally, the correctness of the
conclusion is verified through experiments, and the impact on the actual
application process is analyzed.
Toward Better Resilience during the War Crisis; Case Study of Three Microfinance Institutions in Yemen
Authors: Sabrah Nashwan , Alsohybe Nabeel T.
Published: June 2019

As a crisis, man-made or natural disaster, strikes, business management struggles to maintain business continuity and sustainability. The management takes several approaches to keep business running during turbulent times such as proactive approach and ad hoc approach.  Organizations proactively prepare plans to face predictable changes; however, sometimes the unpredictable changes become very complicated and challenging which would negatively affect these organizations and their business continuity. As a result, it is very crucial for any organization to be well prepared to keep its business running during turbulent times. Currently, there is a major war going on in Yemen since 2015 that negatively affects most of the business sectors in Yemen. Microfinance sector is considered a very important sector in the country, and it is one of the sectors that is affected and hit hard by the ongoing conflict. Thus, a microfinance industry leader sought solutions. The researchers conducted a qualitative study with three microfinance pioneers in Yemen and interviewed 11 professionals from different management levels. This study found that the operation of the studied institutions has been interrupted by four majors’ turbulences and challenged by three market changes which drove these Microfinance Institutions MFIs to adapt their strategies and practices.
To Exist Serially: Black Radical Magazines and Beauty Culture, 1917–1919
Authors: Sheehan Elizabeth M.
Published: June 2019

This article traces connections between black beauty culture and early issues of The Messenger and the Negro World by attending to two interdependent dimensions of seriality: first, its function as a mode of continuity and, second, its role as a technique of repetition that shapes subjects and groups. Analyzing these two forms of seriality illuminates how these magazines' serial methods for cultivating black radical individuals and communities depended upon and responded to the advertisements and discussions of black beauty culture that appeared in their pages. Madam C. J. Walker's business empire in particular represented alternative approaches to subject formation and continuity via consumption, education, and activism.
Bundling, Reprinting, and Reframing: Serial Practices Across Borders
Authors: Hammill Faye , McGregor Hannah
Published: June 2019

This article explores the circulation of periodical material between metropolitan and regional locations in early twentieth-century North America. It asks how the globalized consumer technology of the household magazine was being taken up outside of cosmopolitan centers through the framework of local, regional, or national concerns. For example, mainstream Canadian monthlies such as The Western Home Monthly and Maclean's frequently engaged with, or re-used, content and formats taken from New York publications. To understand these transnational publishing dynamics, we argue, it is crucial to attend to the material practices of magazines. The article analyzes several such practices, including both editorial and sales strategies. We look at the reprinting or reframing of complete features and of excerpts from other periodicals. We examine the simultaneous serialization of novels in American and Canadian publications, using a case study of Martha Ostenso's Wild Geese. And we offer the first critical discussion of “bundling,” whereby US and Canadian titles were packaged together as a single subscription. It argues that the affordances of seriality, particularly timeliness and increased circulation through decreasing prices, allowed editors to redeploy metropolitan print materials for a regional readership eager to imagine themselves as participants in the new project of modernity.
Repetition, Recapitulation, Routine: Dick Tracy and the Temporality of Daily Newspaper Comics
Authors: Levay Matthew
Published: June 2019

This article examines individual installments of Chester Gould's Dick Tracy, one of the most popular and controversial comic strips of the twentieth century, in order to show how that comic uses formal elements of repetition and recapitulation to orient a wide variety of audiences into the world of the narrative. It explains how Gould's repetition reveals the logic of seriality that underlies any daily newspaper comic, and how cartoonists had to utilize such repetition if they were to attract and maintain a wide readership.
Letters to the Editor as a Serial Form
Authors: Snyder Carey , Sorensen Leif
Published: June 2019

This article considers modernist-era letters pages as a serial form that enables readers to debate pressing political and cultural topics and to negotiate their relationship to a magazine and other readers. The authors examine two case studies of letters columns: those in the genre-specific pulps Weird Tales and Astounding Science Fiction and in the radical weekly The New Age. They show that the seriality of letters pages makes them dynamic sites for understanding how readers used modern print forms to fashion themselves as public, political actors and to influence the social, political, and cultural debates of their era.
Relação entre educação física escolar e literatura na educação infantil
Authors: Moreira de Sousa Ana Paula , De Assis Renata Machado
Published: June 2019

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo investigar se os professores de Educação Física que atuavam na educação infantil tinham conhecimento sobre literatura como um dos conteúdos que poderia ser trabalhado na Educação Física escolar. A metodologia consistiu em uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo descritivo. Realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo. Foram definidos quatro Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil (CMEI) de Jataí, Goiás, como o locus de investigação, e cinco professoras de Educação Física que ministravam aulas nestes locais (respondentes ao questionário).  Foi possível detectar duas categorias de análise: o conhecimento das professoras de Educação Física sobre literatura e a relação entre a Educação Física e a literatura na educação infantil. Os resultados demonstraram que as professoras veem a literatura como um recurso auxiliar pedagógico nas aulas de Educação Física na educação infantil e que elas acreditam na possível relação pedagógica entre estas duas áreas.
Possibilidades estético-pedagógicas por meio do Fanzine e do Cordel
Authors: Moraes Ana Cristina , Moura Andrea Sales Braga
Published: June 2019

Reflete-se sobre ações pedagógicas fomentadoras de educação estética na sala de aula com esteio na cultura popular materializadas no Cordel e no Fanzine, analisando como se configuram estas ações estando aliadas a processos educativos. A escolha da temática se deve ao desenvolvimento de pesquisas, bem como às intervenções pedagógicas na formação docente universitária e na educação escolar de crianças. A investigação é de natureza qualitativa, tomando-se observação, análise de práticas e depoimentos de docentes, bem como produção de dados em oficinas artístico-pedagógicas como caminho metodológico. Com base nas análises, infere-se que os educadores consideram de muita relevância o trabalho com Cordel e Fanzine em sala de aula, por envolver os estudantes na constituição de saberes. Há um chamamento à aprendizagem pela dimensão criativa que essas elaborações possuem.
A Ciranda Infantil e as crianças Sem Terrinha: educação e vida em movimento
Authors: Barcellos Luís Henrique Dos Santos , Torres Julio Cesar
Published: June 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir alguns aspectos da Educação Infantil do MST. O Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra é o principal movimento brasileiro de luta e resistência pela terra, e para defender suas bandeiras, elege como um dos fatores principais o desenvolvimento de uma educação emancipadora, que congregue trabalho e educação geridos por meio de relações e ações democráticas.  Utilizando como metodologia a pesquisa de natureza bibliográfica e a análise documental, investigou-se a proposta educacional do MST para a infância no contexto das Cirandas Infantis, buscando a compreensão da concepção de criança e de infância Sem Terrinha. O MST busca evidenciar a desigualdade social e o descaso e negligência com as reais necessidades da população camponesa. A criança nesse processo é inserida como sujeito participativo, desde o seu nascimento, nas lutas travadas contra o capital. Para além de um sujeito de direitos, ela é um sujeito de luta.
Contradições entre linguagem escrita e código alfabético: O que revelam professoras sobre a apropriação da escrita pelas crianças na educação infantil
Authors: Rodrigues Máira Cristina , Esteves Bortolanza Ana Maria
Published: June 2019

O artigo é parte de uma pesquisa qualitativa (2017) desenvolvida em uma escola pública de Educação Infantil situada no interior do Estado de Minas Gerais. Tem como objetivo analisar o que pensam seis professoras sobre o processo de apropriação da escrita por crianças de 4 e 5 anos, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas como procedimento metodológico. O estudo fundamenta-se nos pressupostos de Vigotski e seus colaboradores e em autores contemporâneos como Arena, Jolibert, Foucambert e Mukhina. Os resultados mostram a ausência de uma base teórico-metodológica para ensinar a escrita como linguagem em movimento, em diferentes usos e funções, revelando as contradições entre ensinar a linguagem escrita e ensinar o código alfabético. Conclui-se que é necessário formar professores que reflitam seus papeis como mediadores da cultura escrita, tendo como foco a formação de crianças autoras e leitoras em que a linguagem escrita é a fonte de desenvolvimento infantil. Isso demanda novas pesquisas que explicitem como se realiza esse processo e sua relação com o desenvolvimento infantil.
Estudos culturais e multiculturalismo: possibilidades para o currículo
Authors: Lopes Franz , Nunes Mário Luiz Ferrari
Published: June 2019

As trajetórias históricas dos fluxos migratórios, as fragmentações de ideias fixas de Estado Nação, a globalização cultural e econômica são fatores importantes para o surgimento do multiculturalismo, no entanto os Estudos Culturais (E.C) contribuíram para a construção das ideias nesse campo. Ancorados por proximidades teóricas e políticas os estudos integram uma vertente crítica, que questiona as estruturas liberais, econômicas e conservadoras e procura entender o fenômeno cultural como espaço de sentidos e significados que interfere na constituição das identidades, nessa lógica algumas ações vêm sendo tomadas no âmbito das políticas de Estado, as reinvindicações dos grupos silenciados estão sendo escutadas. Exemplo desse movimento são as políticas de currículo implementadas em escolas, sobretudo nas décadas finais do século passado, nesse sentido esse texto procura problematizar algumas questões sobre os E.C, o multiculturalismo, bem como o currículo como espaço de cultura.
Investigation of non-autoclaved foamconcrete
beams reinforced with bamboo
Authors: Demchyna B. , Lysiuk S. , Famulyak Yu.
Published: June 2019

Purpose: of this paper presents the experimental results of a study of strength and flexural
behaviour of non-autoclaved foam-concrete beams reinforced with bamboo
Design/methodology/approach: Six experimental samples of reinforced lightweight
foamed concrete beams with hardened density D800 and D1200 with the same bamboo
reinforcement were tested on lateral bending.
Findings: A low level of anchoring of bamboo reinforcement in foam-concrete beams can
provide their premature destruction.
Research limitations/implications: Next experiments should be provided for improving
the anchoring of bamboo reinforcement such as the bad adhesion between the bamboo and
foam-concrete caused premature destruction of experimental samples.
Practical implications: Replacement of steel reinforcement on the bamboo one in foam-
concrete structures can be economical benefit.
Originality/value: Increasing of experimental base leads to developing and creating new
building standards in the nearest future.
‘My Life is Like a Movie’: Making a Fiction Film as a Route to Knowledge Production on Gang Political Performances in Goma, DR Congo
Authors: Hendriks Maarten
Published: June 2019

‘My life is like a movie’ is a sentence that often surfaced during my fieldwork on gangs engaged in everyday policing in the city of Goma (Democratic Republic of Congo); referring to the martial arts and action movies they like to watch. For this article, I will reflect on how during my ethnographic research I ended up making the fiction film Street Life together with the Congolese filmmaker TD Jack, the gang leader Alino and his group Rich Gang. The paper explores the making of Street Life as a route to knowledge production on the political performances of gangs seeking to carve out a space for themselves in Goma’s urban policing environment. Broadly, two issues are dealt with. Firstly, I analyze how gangs’ everyday political performances are re-enacted and actively mirrored in the film. Secondly, I reflect on how making a fiction with gangs changed my way of dealing with ethnography: in terms of method, my positionality in the field, and ethnographic representation. The paper is also a call for taking the visual – and by extension other senses – more seriously. Not just by writing about sensory experiences, but by incorporating them in our academic work. Sometimes it is better to just let people see it!
The Operational Mechanics of Contemporary Systematic Theology
Authors: Reber Jeffrey R. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2019

The primary goal of this article is to provide both a descriptive and comparative analysis of two representative models of systematic theology. The findings of this study show each model to be capable of processing biblical facts, packaging them into a systematic whole, and exhibiting the facts. Yet, inescapably, the conclusions inextricably connect authorial purpose to operational structure, suggesting it is necessary to reevaluate the contemporary stigmas accompanying authorial presuppositions. There is also, however, the uncovering of a potential danger area within systematic theology, namely: the scientific-rational classification system, driven by cause and effect, which engenders classifications removed from Scripture.
Implementation of Digital Pathology Offers Clinical and Operational Increase in Efficiency and Cost Savings
Authors: Hanna Matthew G. , Reuter Victor E. , Samboy Jennifer , England Christine , Corsale Lorraine , Fine Samson W. , Agaram Narasimhan P. , Stamelos Evangelos , Yagi Yukako , Hameed Meera , Klimstra David S. , Sirintrapun S. Joseph
Published: June 2019

Context.—

Digital pathology (DP) implementations vary in scale, based on aims of intended operation. Few laboratories have completed a full-scale DP implementation, which may be due to high overhead costs that disrupt the traditional pathology workflow. Neither standardized criteria nor benchmark data have yet been published showing practical return on investment after implementing a DP platform.

Objective.—

To provide benchmark data and practical metrics to support operational efficiency and cost savings in a large academic center.

Design.—

Metrics reviewed include archived pathology asset retrieval; ancillary test request for recurrent/metastatic disease; cost analysis and turnaround time (TAT); and DP experience survey.

Results.—

Glass slide requests from the department slide archive and an off-site surgery center showed a 93% and 97% decrease, respectively. Ancillary immunohistochemical orders, compared in 2014 (52%)—before whole slide images (WSIs) were available in the laboratory information system—and 2017 (21%) showed $114 000/y in anticipated savings. Comprehensive comparative cost analysis showed a 5-year $1.3 million savings. Surgical resection cases with prior WSIs showed a 1-day decrease in TAT. A DP experience survey showed 80% of respondents agreed WSIs improved their clinical sign-out experience.

Conclusions.—

Implementing a DP operation showed a noteworthy increase in efficiency and operational utility. Digital pathology deployments and operations may be gauged by the following metrics: number of glass slide requests as WSIs become available, decrease in confirmatory testing for patients with metastatic/recurrent disease, long-term decrease in off-site pathology asset costs, and faster TAT. Other departments may use our benchmark data and metrics to enhance patient care and demonstrate return on investment to justify adoption of DP.
Interpreting and integrating big data in the life sciences
Authors: Mangul Serghei
Published: June 2019

Recent advances in omics technologies have led to the broad applicability of computational techniques across various domains of life science and medical research. These technologies provide an unprecedented opportunity to collect omics data from hundreds of thousands of individuals and to study gene-disease association without the aid of prior assumptions about the trait biology. Despite the many advantages of modern omics technologies, interpretations of big data produced by such technologies require advanced computational algorithms. Below I outline key challenges that biomedical researches are facing when interpreting and integrating big omics data. I discuss the reproducibility aspect of big data analysis in the life sciences and review current practices in reproducible research. Finally, I explain the skills which biomedical researchers need to acquire in order to independently analyze big omics data.
A review: Possible optimization of Cas9-sgRNA nuclease delivery via ingested lipid nanoparticles bioencapsulated within plant cell-based enfolding
Authors: Hillman Tatiana
Published: June 2019

The possibility of gene editing to correct disorders is one of the most impactful therapeutic agents, currently. CRISPR Cas9-sgRNA nucleases can be used to cleave and to delete harmful or pathogenic DNA sequences, which cause genetic disorders. Cas9 nuclease with palindromic repeats can cut and delete a single point mutation or multiple DNA target site sequences. The Cas9, attached to a sgRNA or a guiding RNA, finds and then cleaves the target DNA sequence. The Cas9-sgRNA method of cleavage has corrected DNA mutations that cause cataracts in the eyes, cystic fibrosis, and chronic granulomatous disease. However, there are issues for producing a less strenuous delivery of Cas9-sgRA to target DNA sequences. Delivering Cas-9 nucleases are negatively affected by off-target DNA sites, sgRNA design, off-target cleavage, Cas9 activation, and the method of delivery. This review focuses on oral and ingested delivery methods to effectively guide the transport of Cas9-sgRNA nucleases in vivo. A review of Cas9 delivery will present possible alternatives for nuclease delivery within optimized lipid-nanoparticles, plant, algae, and bacterial-based orally ingested edibles. This review will attempt to provide evidence in support of enhancing the Cas9 delivery through therapeutic bioencapsulated ingestion. In this review, it is suggested that the ingestion of encapsulated edibles carrying the nuclease can more directly target cells within the gastrointestinal tract for blood or lymph circulation.
Cooperation of mitochondrial and ER factors in quality control of tail-anchored proteins
Authors: Dederer Verena , Khmelinskii Anton , Huhn Anna Gesine , Okreglak Voytek , Knop Michael , Lemberg Marius K
Published: June 2019

Tail-anchored (TA) proteins insert post-translationally into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and peroxisomes. Whereas the GET pathway controls ER-targeting, no dedicated factors are known for OMM insertion, posing the question of how accuracy is achieved. The mitochondrial AAA-ATPase Msp1 removes mislocalized TA proteins from the OMM, but it is unclear, how Msp1 clients are targeted for degradation. Here we screened for factors involved in degradation of TA proteins mislocalized to mitochondria. We show that the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) E3 ubiquitin ligase Doa10 controls cytoplasmic level of Msp1 clients. Furthermore, we identified the uncharacterized OMM protein Fmp32 and the ectopically expressed subunit of the ER-mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) complex Gem1 as native clients for Msp1 and Doa10. We propose that productive localization of TA proteins to the OMM is ensured by complex assembly, while orphan subunits are extracted by Msp1 and eventually degraded by Doa10.
Antioxidant enzyme cycling over reproductive lunar cycles inPocillopora damicornis
Authors: Murphy James W.A. , Collier Abby C. , Richmond Robert H.
Published: June 2019

The impacts of continued degradation of watersheds on coastal coral reefs world-wide is alarming, and action addressing anthropogenic stressors and subsequent rehabilitation of watersheds and adjacent reefs is an urgent priority. The aim of this study is to develop and improve the use of antioxidant enzymes as bioindicators of stress in coral species. In order to fully develop such tools, it is necessary to first understand baseline cycling of these enzymes within coral tissues. Due to inherent links between reproduction and oxidative stress, these aims may be facilitated by sampling coral tissues over reproductively-linked lunar cycles to determine variations from baseline. By developing a greater understanding of biochemical markers of stress in corals, specifically antioxidant defense enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in HawaiianPocillopora damicornis, we have provided molecular tools that identify thresholds of stress on coral reefs. Our results suggest that the coral reproductive state is a significant factor affecting the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Specifically, CAT and GR display maximum activity during peak reproductive state. Whereas significant maximal Se-independent GPx and SOD activity was measured during off-peak reproductive cycles. Such insight into the cyclical variation of the activity of these enzymes should be applied towards differentiating the influence of natural biological activity cycling in diagnostic tests identifying the effects of different physical environmental factors and chemical pollutants on coral health. Through the development and application of these molecular biomarkers of stress, we look to improve our ability to identify problems at the sub-lethal level, when action can be taken to mitigate a/biotic impacts.
Sprint interval exercise versus continuous moderate intensity exercise: acute effects on tissue oxygenation, blood pressure and enjoyment in 18–30 year old inactive men
Authors: Kriel Yuri , Askew Christopher D. , Solomon Colin
Published: June 2019

Background

Sprint interval training (SIT) can be as effective, or more effective, than continuous moderate intensity exercise (CMIE) for improving a primary risk factor for cardiometabolic disease, low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). However, there has been no direct comparison in inactive individuals, of the acute effects of a session of SIT with a work-matched session of CMIE on local oxygen utilisation, which is a primary stimulus for increasing CRF. Furthermore, post-exercise blood pressure (BP) and enjoyment, if symptomatic and low, respectively, have implications for safety and adherence to exercise and have not been compared between these specific conditions. It was hypothesised that in young inactive men, local oxygen utilisation would be higher, while post-exercise BP and enjoyment would be lower for SIT, when compared to CMIE.

Methods

A total of 11 inactive men (mean ± SD; age 23 ± 4 years) completed a maximal ramp-incremental exercise test followed by two experiment conditions: (1) SIT and (2) work-matched CMIE on a cycle ergometer on separate days. Deoxygenated haemoglobin (∆HHb) in the pre-frontal cortex (FH), gastrocnemius (GN), left vastus lateralis (LVL) and the right vastus lateralis (RVL) muscles, systemic oxygen utilisation (VO2), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure and physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES) were measured during the experiment conditions.

Results

During SIT, compared to CMIE, ∆HHb in FH (p = 0.016) and GN (p = 0.001) was higher, while PACES (p = 0.032) and DBP (p = 0.043) were lower. No differences in SBP and ∆HHb in LVL and RVL were found between conditions.

Conclusions

In young inactive men, higher levels of physiological stress occurred during SIT, which potentially contributed to lower levels of post-exercise DBP and enjoyment, when compared to CMIE.
Screening and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria with D-tagatose Production Capability
Authors: Li Wen , Zhou Zhicheng , Huang Jiaxiang , Zhang Guoyan , Awad Faisal N. , Chandankere Radhika , Guo Qi , Qi Xianghui
Published: June 2019

Aims: D-tagatose is a natural ketohexose which can be used as a functional sweetener in foods, diary and beverages products. Isolation of new bacterial strains having the ability to produce D-tagatose is a continuously trending topic of research.

Study Design: Screening of strains with D-tagatose production by identification and determination of its ability to produce D-tagatose content.

Place and Duration of Study: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University between May 2018 and April 2019.

Methodology: We initially screened and identified the strains capable of producing D-tagatose through kimchi liquid, and determined the species and genetic characteristics of the strain by physiological, biochemical and molecular biological identification, and then determined the content of D-tagatose by high performance liquid chromatography. Finally calculate the ability of the strain to produce D-tagatose.

Results: In this study, 4 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from kimchi sample. The isolates were identified as Lactobacillus spp. (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius) on the basis of morphological, physicochemical characteristics and analysis of 16S rDNA gene sequence. Because of the novelty, strain designated as L. salivarius UJS 003 was considered for D-tagatose yield. Fermentation of D-tagatose was carried out using galactose as substrate for 48 hr at 37 °C, and HPLC method was used to determine the yield. The experimental results exhibited a D-tagatose yield of 3.134 g/L by L. salivarius UJS 003.

Conclusion: The strain UJS 003 represented as a potent D-tagatose producer and could be             useful in a variety of biotechnological and industrial processes, particularly food and beverage industries.
Development of Tall and Diara Land for Sustainable Agriculture in Central Bihar, India
Authors: Choudhary S. K. , Kumar Rajesh , Gupta S. K. , Kumar Arun , Vimal B. K.
Published: June 2019

Mokama tall (lake) area is located in central Bihar (India). It is ephemeral in nature and comprises a group of seven continuous tall. It is spread over a rest area and acts as a delta to several rivers that flow into it. This area is suffering due to stagnation of water during monsoon period; it is submerged under 4 to 6 meter deep water during monsoon. Cultivation of rainy season crops over it is not possible, even cultivation of winter season crops suffers if the drainage and reclamation of the area get delayed beyond sowing time (15 October); thereafter, this is a mono-cropped area with very low productivity. Though the fertility status of soil is good yet the quantity and quality of produce is poor. This is considered to be the main problem. A number of schemes have been executed to solve this but without any substantial success. The diara land is found in between the natural levees of the river and formed due to its meandering and course changing behaviour. The topography of diara land is mostly undulating and intersected with numerous dead and disconnected channels;- Remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) are reliable techniques to prepare a comprehensive inventory of land use pattern of an area. The tall and Diara which are rich biodiversity of and biological resources, have not been given due attention and multiple uses of various resources have not been attempted. In this paper, authors have presented general features of the tall and diara lands; existing cropping pattern and sowing time, soil characteristics and major problems. Involvement of appropriate holistic management strategies have been suggested to improve the agricultural production in this area.
Biocontrol of Sclerotium rolfsii Using Antagonistic Activities of Pseudomonads
Authors: Sahni Sangita , Prasad Bishun Deo , Ranjan Tushar
Published: June 2019

Thirty well-characterized pseudomonad isolates for plant growth-promoting traits were screened for their antagonistic activities against 20 isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii.

Out of the 30 pseudomonad isolates, PUR46 was found to be best against all 20 isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii, because of its unique ability to suppress the growth of mycelia as well as the sclerotia formation of most of the S. rolfsii isolates in vitro conditions. In our previous study, PUR46 was also found to be positive for growth promoting traits like phosphorus solubilization and ammonification. The results suggested that expression of one or more of the traits like antagonistic activity against S. rolfsii and solubilization of tri-calcium phosphate may help in controlling the pathogen besides enhancement of plant growth. In this study, our investigations clearly indicate that PGPR isolates PUR 46 may be exploited to be used as potential biocontrol agents against S. rolfsii in agriculture system.
Indicator Based Spatial Climate Change Vulnerability of South West Coastal Bangladesh
Authors: Razzaque Md. Abdur , Alamgir Muhammed
Published: June 2019

Aims: The aim of the study was to assess the indicator based climate change vulnerability of south west coastal Bangladesh and its future.

Place of Study: Four districts form south west coastal Bangladesh, having a total of 50 upazilas, have been selected as the study area. They are Satkhira, Khulna, Bagerhat, Pirojpur, Barguna and Patuakhali districts.

Methodology: This study has been conducted, using multivariate statistical techniques, to assess the vulnerabilities of the coastal region of Bangladesh by considering the IPCC framework of vulnerability studies. A total of 31 indicators have been selected of which 23 are socio-economic and 8 are biophysical which have been retrieved from the secondary sources. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been applied to derive unbiased weights of all indicators considering both present (2011) and the future (2050) climate change scenarios.

Results: This study has identiﬁed 7 principal components through PCA which has been grouped as PC1 (Demographic Vulnerability), PC2 (Economic Vulnerability), PC3 (Climatic Vulnerability), PC4 (Health Vulnerability), PC5 (Agricultural Vulnerability), PC6 (Infrastructural Vulnerability) and PC7 (Water Vulnerability). For all 7 PCA groups (termed as vulnerability proﬁle), the number of high and medium vulnerable coastal Upazilas will be significantly changed in the future. No of highly vulnerable Upazila will increase from 0 to 1 for PC1, unchanged for PC2, increase from 0 to 1 for PC3, from 32 to 33 for PC4, from 47 to 68 for PC5, decrease from 48 to 46 for PC6, and an increase from 14 to 21 for PC7, respectively.

Conclusion: Discrete spatial maps of each profile have been generated to assess the regional variation of all vulnerability proﬁles across the southwest coastal region of Bangladesh. The ﬁndings of this study might be useful for policy makers and planners.
Understanding the structural basis of species selective, stereospecific inhibition for Cryptosporidium and human thymidylate synthase
Authors: Czyzyk Daniel J. , Valhondo Margarita , Jorgensen William L. , Anderson Karen S.
Published: June 2019

Thymidylate synthase (TS), found in all organisms, is an essential enzyme responsible for the de novo synthesis of deoxythymidine monophosphate. The TS active sites of the protozoal parasite Cryptosporidium hominis and human are relatively conserved. Evaluation of antifolate compound 1 and its R‐enantiomer 2 against both enzymes reveals divergent inhibitor selectivity and enzyme stereospecificity. To establish how C. hominis and human TS (ChTS and hTS) selectively discriminate 1 and 2, respectively, we determined crystal structures of ChTS complexed with 2 and hTS complexed with 1 or 2. Coupled with the previously determined structure of ChTS complexed with 1, we discuss a possible mechanism for enzyme stereospecificity and inhibitor selectivity.
Clement of Rome
Authors: Maier Harry O.
Published: June 2019

Clement of Rome (flourished 96
ce
) is an otherwise unknown figure variously assigned by Christian tradition as the third or fourth Bishop of Rome, though either attribution is anachronistic since there is no compelling evidence of monarchical episcopacy in Rome until the later second century.
Vicus
Authors: Goodman Penelope J.
Published: June 2019

The word
vicus
denotes a cluster of residences, and could be used specifically to describe an urban neighborhood, a type of village, or a civilian settlement outside a military fort. The best‐known
vici
are the neighborhoods of Rome, distinct communities within the city which had a religious focus in the shrines of the
lares
as well as an administrative role.
Marmor Parium
Authors: Sickinger James P.
Published: June 2019

The Marmor Parium, or Parian Marble, is a fragmentary inscription that preserves a chronicle of events in Greek myth and history from the sixteenth to the third century
bce
. Its contents include items of a political, military, and cultural nature, each of which is dated by the name of an Athenian king or archon and by the number of years between those events and the year 264/3, the chronicle's endpoint. The author of the chronicle is unknown, and his dates for some events are inaccurate or different from those found in other sources. These and other features make the Parian Marble a valuable example of early Greek chronography.
Nefertiti
Authors: Dodson Aidan
Published: June 2019

Nefertiti, queen of Egypt, later female king Neferneferuaten, wife of Akhenaten, 18th Egyptian Dynasty, later fourteenth century
bce
.
Ambarvalia
Authors: Holland Goldthwaite Lora L.
Published: June 2019

Ambarvalia refers to a particular type of Roman lustration rite, and presumably a related festival, involving farm animals (typically asuovetaurilia) led thrice around a circuit of fields to be purified and made productive by their sacrifice to a range of protective and agricultural deities. The epigraphical evidence of the priesthood of Arval brothers and descriptions in the Latin authors Cato, Tibullus, and Vergil comprise the bulk of the evidence, with importantcomparandain the Iguvine Tables.
Carus (Marcus Aurelius Carus Augustus)
Authors: Davis Raymond
Published: June 2019

From Narbo, Carus was Roman emperor from 282 to 283
ce
. Unprecedentedly, he did not ask ratification from the Senate, or even, it seems, visit Rome while emperor. He scored a noteworthy though indecisive victory over Persia, but died while still on campaign.
Demokedes of Kroton
Authors: Oberhelman Steven M.
Published: June 2019

Demokedes of Kroton (
fl
. sixth century
bce
) was a famous physician, whose life, if Herodotos’ accounts can be trusted (3.125–37), yields valuable information on early doctors in the Greek world, especially at the Persian royal court.
Augusti liberti
Authors: Liu Jinyu
Published: June 2019

TheAugusti liberti, or freedmen of the emperor(s), belonged to the imperial household and constituted an elite group among the population of servile origins in Roman society. The elite authors have left both scornful and positive depictions of a handful of imperial freedmen. Along with the literary evidence, thousands of inscriptions attest to the wide range of occupations and offices filled by theAugusti liberti, as well as their upward social mobility and influence both at Rome and in Italy and the provinces. The imperial freedmen were by no means a homogeneous group in terms of wealth, professional advancement, rank, and influence. A large number of theAugusti libertidealt with “domestic” matters of the palace. At least in the first two centuriesce, the functioning of the imperial government was also heavily dependent on the imperial freedmen serving as clerks as well as secretaries in charge of administrative matters.
Cleruchs, Egypt
Authors: Thompson Dorothy J.
Published: June 2019

Cleruchs were the army settlers in Ptolemaic Egypt, who were endowed by the king with a plot of land to provide a livelihood and a home base when they were not employed on active service. They thus became tied to the new regime, which was important in the competitive world of the early Hellenistic period following Alexander's conquest of the east. Over time the status of both cleruchs and cleruchic land developed and changed, until under the Romans the status of each was absorbed in other categories.
Patron, patronage, Roman
Authors: Liu Jinyu
Published: June 2019

The Latin wordpatronusmay denote a legal advocate, a former master of a freedman, or a protector or defender of individuals or collectivities. The term patronage is closely connected with the last of these meanings. Although scholars have used patronage to convey a wide range of unequal social relationships in the Roman world, they have also cautioned against seeingamicitia(friendship), among others, simply as a euphemism for patron–dependent protégé relations. Scholarly opinions differ as to whether patronage undermined the institutional workings of the Roman state, or if it maintained and reproduced the state's power relations.
Mnemones
Authors: Canevaro Mirko
Published: June 2019

The termmnemonesmeans literally “remembrancers” and straddles the transition between orality and literacy in the Greek world, indicating a figure and a magistracy that was first connected with remembering orally transmitted information, laws, agreements, but became later connected with the creation and management of written records and archives. Evidence for this magistracy in its archival functions is found in the Greek world from the fifth to the first centurybce.
Aristo, Titius (Titius Aristo)
Authors: Maragno Giorgia
Published: June 2019

Titius Aristo was a prominent Roman jurist of Trajan's time. Not much is known about him. His birth has been placed approximately in 40–45
ce
and his death about 120
ce
. His works are lost and not a single fragment of them remains in Justinian's
Digest
. It is believed that he may have authored (or commented on) a collection of
Decrees
(
Decreta Frontiana
or
Frontiniana
) and written a
Digest
. Aristo's origins are thought to be ex‐slave and Greek. He was a friend of Pliny the Younger, who admired him.
Pegasus
Authors: Terreni Claudia
Published: June 2019

Pegasus was an early classical jurist affiliated with the Proculian school. Although his works are not known directly, his opinions are later cited by the leading jurists of the Empire. He lent his name to two important senatorial decrees in the field of family law.
Improvement of BiVO4 Photoanode Performance During Water Photo‐Oxidation Using Rh‐Doped SrTiO3 Perovskite as a Co‐Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Yaping , Li Yang , Ni Diqing , Chen Zhiwei , Wang Xiao , Bu Yuyu , Ao Jin‐Ping
Published: June 2019

In this work, a water splitting photoanode composed of a BiVO4 thin film surface modified by the deposition of a rhodium (Rh)‐doped SrTiO3 perovskite is fabricated, and the Rh‐doped SrTiO3 outer layer exhibits special photoelectrochemical (PEC) oxygen evolution co‐catalytic activity. Controlled intensity modulated photo‐current spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and other electrochemical results indicate that the Rh on the perovskite provide an oxidation active site during the PEC water oxidation process by reducing the reaction energy barrier for water oxidation. Theoretical calculations indicate that the water oxidation reaction is more likely to occur on the (110) crystal plane of Rh‐SrTiO3 because the oxygen evolution reaction overpotential on the (110) crystal plane is reduced significantly. Therefore, the obtained BiVO4/Rh5%‐SrTiO3 photoanode exhibits an optimized PEC performance. In particular, it facilitates the saturation of the photocurrent density. Thus, the presence of doped Rh in SrTiO3 can reduce the amount of noble metals required while achieving excellent and stable oxygen evolution properties.
CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots 2.0: Benzenesulfonic Acid Equivalent Ligand Awakens Complete Purification
Authors: Yang Dandan , Li Xiaoming , Zhou Wenhan , Zhang Shengli , Meng Cuifang , Wu Ye , Wang Yue , Zeng Haibo
Published: June 2019

The stability and optoelectronic device performance of perovskite quantum dots (Pe‐QDs) are severely limited by present ligand strategies since these ligands exhibit a highly dynamic binding state, resulting in serious complications in QD purification and storage. Here, a “Br‐equivalent” ligand strategy is developed in which the proposed strong ionic sulfonate heads, for example, benzenesulfonic acid, can firmly bind to the exposed Pb ions to form a steady binding state, and can also effectively eliminate the exciton trapping probability due to bromide vacancies. From these two aspects, the sulfonate heads play a similar role as natural Br ions in a perfect perovskite lattice. Using this approach, high photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) > 90% is facilely achieved without the need for amine‐related ligands. Furthermore, the prepared PL QYs are well maintained after eight purification cycles, more than five months of storage, and high‐flux photo‐irradiation. This is the first report of high and versatile stabilities of Pe‐QD, which should enable their improved application in lighting, displays, and biologic imaging.
Spontaneous Formation of Nanogap Electrodes by Self‐Peeling Adhesion Lithography
Authors: Luo Sihai , Hoff Bård H. , deMello John C.
Published: June 2019

Adhesion lithography (“a‐lith”) is a simple method for forming nanoscale gaps between dissimilar metals. In its usual form, a metal is patterned on a substrate, and conformally coated with an alkyl‐functionalized self‐assembled monolayer, rendering it nonadhesive to other metals; a second metal is then deposited uniformly over the full area of the substrate; finally, the parts of the second metal that are in contact with the self‐assembled monolayer are stripped away using an adhesive tape or film, leaving the first and second metals side‐by‐side on the substrate, with a nanoscale spacing between them. It is shown here that, by depositing onto the second metal an adhesive film with high internal strain, it is possible to induce spontaneous delamination of the peeling layer without the need for any applied force. The modified procedure simplifies implementation and eliminates external stresses that can cause unwanted widening of the gap. The resultant electrode separations of ≈10 nm are amongst the smallest values achieved to date using adhesion lithography.
The impact of night shift work on breast cancer: Results from the Burden of Occupational Cancer in Canada Study
Authors: Pahwa Manisha , Labrèche France , Kim Joanne , Harris M. Anne , Song Chaojie , Peters Cheryl E. , Arrandale Victoria H. , Davies Hugh , McLeod Christopher B. , Demers Paul A.
Published: June 2019

Background

We estimated the proportion and number of female breast cancer cases in Canada attributable to night shift work, a probable cause of breast cancer.

Methods

Levin's equation was used to calculate population attributable fractions (PAFs) among Canadian women who ever worked night/rotating shifts from 1961 to 2000, accounting for labor turnover and survival to the year 2011. The calculated PAFs were applied to 2011 Canadian breast cancer incidence statistics to obtain the number of attributable cases.

Results

Approximately 1.5 million women ever worked night/rotating shifts during 1961‐2000 and survived to 2011. The PAFs ranged from 2.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4‐6.2) to 5.2% (95% CI: 3.7‐13.6), and 470 to 1200 incident breast cancer cases in 2011 were likely due to shift work, of which 38% would have been diagnosed among women in health‐related occupations.

Conclusions

More research is needed to increase the certainty of this association, but current evidence supports workplace‐based prevention.