bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR BERBASIS WEB BERDASARKAN GAYA BELAJAR SISWA UNTUK MATA PELAJARAN FISIKA
Authors: Purmadi Ary , Surjono Herman Dwi
Published: November 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan bahan ajar berbasis web berdasarkan gaya belajar siswa, mengetahui kelayakan produk bahan ajar berbasis web,dan mengetahui efektivitas bahan ajar berbasis web pada mata pelajaran fisika di SMAN 1 Sukamulia. Model penelitian dan pengembangan ini dilakukan melalui tiga tahap, yaitu perencanaan, desain dan pengembangan. Proses validasi terhadap produk dilakukan dengan tahap uji alpha, uji beta dan uji coba produk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Bahan ajar berbasis web memiliki 5 fitur pembelajaran; (2) produk yang dikembangkan telah layak untuk digunakan (3) hasil tes gaya belajar siswa menunjukkan terdapat 14 pebelajar kinestetik, 9 pebelajar visual dan 8 pebelajar auditori; (4) terjadi peningkatan pencapaian hasil belajar siswa setelah menggunakan bahan ajar berbasis web sebesar 31,87%. Nilai rata-rata pretest 52,03, dan postest 83,90. Persentase ketuntasan belajar siswa 97% (30 dari 31 siswa), dan penilaian respon siswa saat menggunakan menunjukkan kategori baik. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan bahan ajar berbasis webtelah efektif.Kata kunci:bahan ajar berbasis web, pengembangan, gaya belajarDEVELOPING WEB-BASED TEACHING MATERIALS BASED ON LEARNING STYLES IN PHYSICSAbstractThis study aims at producing web-based teaching materials based on learning styles, revealing the feasibility of the web-based teaching materials, and revealing the effectiveness of web-based teaching materials for physics of SMAN 1 Sukamulia. It applied the research and development with 3 stages, i.e.: planning, design, and development. The process of validation of this product was carried out through 3 stages, i.e.: alpha testing, beta testing and product testing. The results of this study were that: (1) the web-based teaching materials have five learning feature; (2) the developed product is proper to be used; (3) students learning styles test results show 14 kinestetic learners, 9 visual learners, and 8 auditory learners; (4) there is an increase in students’ cognitive learning achievement after using the web-based teaching by 31.87%. The average score of the pretest is 52.03, and posttest 83.90. The percentage of students’ learning mastery is 97% (30 out of 31 students’), and the result obtained from response of students’ after using the media during the teaching process indicates a good category. From the result above, it can be concluded that teaching by using the web-based teaching materials is effective.Keywords: web-based teaching materials, development, learning styles.
Interaktif Augmented Reality untuk Katalog Penjualan Rumah Berbasis Android
Authors: Husniah Lailatul
Published: November 2016

In Indonesia, the property business has increased every year, but not many property developers in Indonesia that utilizes Augmented Reality (AR) as a promotion media to market the product. They still rely on brochures as media promotion. Research on sales catalog home using AR is also not new, there are few similar studies that have been done before, but concentrated on the detection marker to display a 3D model using either marker or special brochures that serve as a marker. Markers were detected can displays shapes and sketch of object 3D house. This study focused on the manufacture of home sales catalog using AR technology by adding features that did not exist in previous research. Some of the added features are changing the paint color of walls, doors and windows in a 3D model of a house, so that users can change color according to the shade provided. Home sales catalog using AR technology developed runs on android mobile platform and created using Unity. The method used in this study is the SDLC Waterfall. The test results showed that the application can run as planned, especially the features that are added as a feature to change the paint color of the walls, doors and windows in the house 3D objects can be run properly.
DETEKSI GERAK OTOT FRONTALIS BERBASIS CITRA 3 DIMENSI MENGGUNAKAN GRAY LEVEL CO-OCCURRENCE MATRIX (GLCM)
Authors: Wibowo Hardianto , Hery Purnomo Mauridhi , Mulyanto Yuniarno Eko
Published: November 2016

Ekspresi wajah atau mimik merupakan salah satu dari hasil gerak otot pada wajah. Dalam kamus besar bahasa Indonesia, ekspresi merupakan pengungkapan atau proses menyatakan, yaitu memperlihatkan atau menyatakan maksud, gagasan perasaan dan lain sebagainya. Ekspresi wajah atau mimik dipengaruhi oleh saraf tujuh atau nervuse facialis. Dalam penelitian yang dilakukan paul ekman didapat sebuah standarisasi ekspresi dalam format pergerakkan yang disebut dengan Facial Action Coding System (FACS). Dalam penelitiannya paul ekman menyatakan enam ekspresi dasar yaitu bahagia, sedih, terkejut, takut, marah dan jijik. Dalam anatomy otot, bahwa setiap otot yang bergerak pasti terjadi kontraksi, dan pada saat terjadi kontraksi, otot akan mengembang atau mengelembung. Otot dibagai menjadi tiga bagian yaitu origo dan insersio sebagai ujung otot dan belly sebagai titik tengah otot, jadi setiap terjadi gerakkan maka otot bagian beli akan mengembang atau menggelembung. Teknik pengambilan data yaitu dengan merekam data dalam bentuk 3D, setiap terjadi kontraksi maka otot bagian beli akan mengelembung dan data inilah yang akan diolah dan dibandingkan. Dari pengolahan data ini akan didapat kekuatan maksimum kontraksi yang akan dipakai sebagai acuan untuk besaran pergeseran otot khususnya pada otot frontalis. Dalam deteksi pergerakkan akan menggunakan metode gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), dan akan didapatkan pula besaran pergeseran otot secara maksimal. Dari hasil pengujian didapatkan nilai pergeseran pergerakkan otot sebesar 1,367 – 4,460.
PENGEMBANGAN MEKANISME OTENTIKASI DAN OTORISASI MANAJEMEN CONFIG PADA KASUS SHARED WEB HOSTING BERBASIS LINUX CONTAINER
Authors: Saifuddin Saifuddin , Ijtihadie Royyana Muslim , Pratomo Baskoro Adi
Published: November 2016

A large part of the service provider's website using an operating system Linux, when one of the websites in the Shared web can be taken over, most likely other websites will also be mastered by reading config connecting to the database, the mechanism used to read a config file with the command in linux by default is available, using the command “ln -s” also known by the term “symlink” who can read the directory where the web, although different config directory.The results show config on web applications that are in the directory in a single server can be read using these methods but can not be decoded to read user, password, and dbname, because it has given authorization can be decoded only from the directory already listed. on testing performance for latency, memory, and CPU system be followed, to get good results the previous system. The test results using the cache, the response time generated when accessed simultaneously by 20 click per user amounted to 941.4 ms for the old system and amounted to 786.6 ms.
Installing a Jacket Structure Over a Subsea Wellhead with a Jack Up Rig
Authors: Damasena Edwin , Safar Ronald , Sampurno Sonny T
Published: November 2016

Kambuna field is located offshore Strait of Malaka East of Belawan the Port of Medan in North Sumatera. Kambuna is the first field development for Asia Petroleum Development (Serica Energy). Kambuna development is contracted to Asia Petroleum under a Technical Assistance Contract with Pertamina. A minimum size unmanned Wellhead Tripod Structure was secured with three conductor piles. The previous Operator of the field opted to suspend the exploration discovery subsea well drilled with a semi submersible in 2006 for later use as a producer well. Hence the Tripod Jacket had to be lowered over the Subsea Wellhead with no other guidance provided by a pipe or structure as is normally the case, except for a Remote Operated Vehicle for monitoring purposes. Novel installation technique was developed and used for this unusual structure installation including docking the structure mudmat around the subsea wellhead. Very accurate rig positioning relative to the subsea wellhead was critical for the success of the installation. It is believed that the concept of free descending the Jacket Structure using a JU rig and to capture the Subsea Wellhead underwater with no guide string was never done before. Following successful Jacket installation, the 3× 30 in conductor piles were then driven through the 36 in diameter legs of the structure to 80 m below the seabed then cemented to surface. Two wells were drilled through the conductor piles and the Subsea Wellhead tied back to surface. The cost of drilling and completion a new development well is hereby saved by re-utilisation of a suspended subsea exploration well. Off the critical path work procedure was developed resulting in significant rig time saving. Tripod jacket structure installation over a Subsea Wellhead technique is described in this paper.
Laboratory Evaluation of Chemical EOR Process for Viscous and High EACN Oil in East African Oilfields
Authors: Foo Y. Y. , Tewari R. D. , Kok K. C. , Elrufai A. , Elbaloula H. , Elkheir L.
Published: November 2016

Poor conformance and unfavourable mobility ratio in the reservoir are common issues that hinder effective oil production and recovery. These issues are often exacerbated when the displacement is associated with viscous oil driven by water in highly permeable porous media. One of the reservoirs located onshore in East Africa suffers from this issue of high bypassed oil due to the presence of viscous oil, i.e. viscosity of 20 cP and API gravity of 28°. Most of the produced wells were observed to experience early water breakthrough and suffered from high water cut at present. In view of this phenomenon, Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP) flooding was proposed to recover the remaining oil that is bypassed and trapped underneath. Through laboratory evaluation, the main objective of this study was to generate an effective chemical concoction comprising of alkaline, polymer and surfactant which are compatible to the formation fluids and rocks for the targeted reservoirs. The laboratory works were conducted based on a comprehensive and systematic workflow. Sample characterization and fluid-fluid analysis at the early phase encompass the studies of phase behaviours, physico-chemical properties, thermal stability etc. These studies aimed to screen off the chemical candidates which did not fulfill the corresponding Key Performance Indicators (KPI). The successful ASP formulations were subsequently optimized in terms of their respective concentrations without sacrificing the technical performance. Fluid-rock analysis aimed to quantify the oil recovery potential and reduction of residual oil saturation through coreflood experiments. Due to the high Equivalent Alkane Carbon Number (EACN) of the crude oil, i.e. 19 (nonadecane), and ultra-low salinity of formation water, i.e. 950 ppm, the greatest technical challenge in this study was to identify an effective surfactant which could reduce the water-oil interfacial tension (IFT) significantly under the operating range. Despite the challenges, an optimized ASP formulation, with a concentration of 0.5 wt.% of alkali, 0.2 wt.% of surfactant and 0.2 wt.% of polymer, successfully fulfilled all of the required KPI. The coreflood results indicate a reduction of residual oil saturation more than 30 % of Oil-In-Place. With these encouraging laboratory results, it could lead to the prospect of pilot and detailed Field Development Plan (FDP) studies, which could further de-risk the chemical EOR projects in this region.
Assessment of the Volumetric Distribution of Natural Tectonic Fractures within a Tight Matrix Carbonated Reservoir Using Geomechanical Attributes: Application to Najmah-Sargelu Units, West Kuwait
Authors: Al-Muraikhi Rasha , Al-Shamali Adnan , Chanvin-Laaouissi Alice , Belgodere Clement , Liz Losada Ramiro , Al-Bannaw Osamah , Tertois Anne-Laure
Published: November 2016

The aim of this work is to validate the Geomechanical Fractures Attributes derived from a paleo-geochronological mathematical transformation as a tool to assess the areal repartition of natural tectonic fractures. A Fracture Probability (geomechanical attribute) model has been realized on the tight carbonates of the Najmah-Sargelu units (West Kuwait) and successfully validated against well fluid production data.
Prelude FLNG - Field Development Challenges
Authors: Van Nispen D. J. , Hodgson B. S. , Sims C. E. , Leong K. , Willyams I.
Published: November 2016

Development drilling in the Prelude field was successfully completed in 2015. The development plan included seven horizontal wells to deliver high reliability production to the Prelude FLNG facility. The Prelude FLNG development in Australia will be the first deployment of Shell's Floating LNG technology.

There were a number of challenges associated with the Prelude field development plan. These included drilling the first horizontal wells in the basin, the need to meet FLNG operating constraints, and management of reservoir uncertainty. The challenges needed to be considered in the context of a limited intervention strategy, hence the need to "get it right the first time".

Challenges were addressed in three project phases. Firstly by thorough field development planning in the Concept Selection phase of the project, leading to a development concept that was robust across a range of reservoir uncertainties and risks. Next was extensive contingency planning in the pre-drill phase to enable structured and timely decision making to manage a range of subsurface outcomes and operational events. Finally during the execution phase, drilling was separated into two seasons to allow learnings from season 1 to be incorporated into season 2. The success of this approach was enabled by a fully integrated multidisciplinary team of Subsurface and Well Engineering staff supported by global expertise from within the Shell group.
Statistical Uncertainty Analysis and Design Optimization of CO2 Trapping Mechanisms in Saline Aquifers
Authors: Temitope Ajayi , Sulemana Nuhu , Gomes Jorge S. , Oppong Riverson
Published: November 2016

CO2 Storage as a technology is one that has been widely applied for the achievement of a greener world. It is considered as the only technology that mitigates global warming whilst, yet, allowing for the continuous use of fossil fuels which power our world today. Trapping efficiency of CO2 in saline aquifers depends on engineering design strategies and aquifer parameters. The range of plausible factors that could affect the efficiency creates the need for an optimization approach to reduce the risk and uncertainties associated with the process.

This paper presents an uncertainty and optimization model for the residual and solubility trapping mechanisms in CO2 storage processes using the design of experiments and response surface methodology for representative aquifer models at field scale. Extensive numerical experiments were conducted using a commercial simulator and an optimum set of conditions was suggested for site based storage activities using the desirability concept. The factors for optimization in this study were broadly classified into aquifer and design parameters based on the controllability or non-controllability of selected factors. Aquifer parameters selected are the rock heterogeneity quantified using the Dykstra Parson coefficient, spatial continuity of properties estimated using the correlation lengths, temperature, mean permeability, anisotropy, residual gas saturation while the design parameters selected are the well type, injection strategy and completion intervals. These factors were selected based on literature search, intuitions and discussions. The aquifer model was kept constant for accurate analysis. The objective functions are the residual trapping coefficient (RTC) and the solubility trapping coefficient (STC).

The process for the optimization technique utilized was a three pronged approach involving screening, characterizing and optimizing the parameters. Screening of parameters was performed using the factorial methods, the characterizing was performed using the Box Behnken response surface methodology while the optimization was performed using desirability functions.

For results analysis, Pareto plots were constructed to show the effect of main factors and interaction factors on the objective functions, response surface plots were also made to show response effects. Results were validated with a commercial simulator. This study provides engineers with a better understanding of the most influential factors on trapping capacity during CO2 storage thus enabling them to make decisions with less risk and more certainty.
Translating a Robust Techniques of the EOR-WAG Hysteresis from Laboratory to Field Application
Authors: Sedaralit M Faizal , Hashim Norhayati , Mandal Dipak
Published: November 2016

Malaysia's oilfields production are mostly in a declining trend but the remaining oil left is still significant with an average of oil recovery factor of less than fourty percent, 40%. In arresting this phenomenon, PETRONAS has taken proactive steps to ensure the sustainability and growth of oil production to be inlined with the projected demand and supply outlook for the next five to ten years timeframe. As such, one of major steps taken is looking into Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) technique to increase further field recovery factor by improving sweep efficiency of the reservoir for fluids displacement enhancement. Several EOR techniques were put on focused in ensuring target value of sweep efficiency is meeting both macro and micro efficiencies closer to one. Amongst the focus steps are, EOR screening process identification, laboratory work and high order of three dimensional (3D) simulation study. This paper will discuss how displacement test techniques for EOR water alternating gas (WAG) are able to quantity macro and micro sweep parameters at heterogenoues conditions, namely hysteresis; alpha, a, and C. Subsequently, translating it into field 3D simulation study e.g. validation of laboratory result in relationship with relative pemeability modification (imbibition and drainage curves) to quantify the EOR WAG potential. With this, PETRONAS has established a robust techniques for the EOR WAG hysterisis process from laboratory to field application in the context of Malaysia's EOR WAG hysterysis methodology. To-date, the developed processes of WAG hysteresis is proven by first production achieved in year 2014.
Revival of Marginal Oil Field in East Malaysia S-C Field Success Revealed
Authors: Mohsin M Saiful , Rahman Ahmad Ramzi A , Mandal Dipak , Johari Azlan Shah
Published: November 2016

Located offshore East Malaysia, S-C Field is considered a marginal oil field with first development in 2008. While it is a shallow marine with storm and wave influence setting, the reservoir sealing is provided by the unconformity and Major Fault in the west side and further split into three major sub-blocks namely North, Middle and South Block. Middle Block carries two third of total field production as it also carries 80% of total oil volume making it the biggest producing block in S-C field.

The field separation into sub-block came as a surprise during the development drilling which has totally impacted the production strategy and oil recovery as the field is initially expected to be a single buried hill with two separate major oil accumulations. Sand discontinuity and multi-stacked nature of the reservoir proved to be major challenges during development drilling and production phase. Despite the successful drilling and production from most of the development wells, excessive sand production lurks as major threat to oil production and well life. Careful implementation of drawdown limit and sand count monitoring was implemented, nonetheless the oil recovery remained low and the need for additional drainage points was assessed to unleash the full field potential.

This paper captured the case study on this marginal oil field redevelopment which has substantially revived its oil production and successfully overcame the production challenges despite the geological surprises, lesser in-place volume, unoptimised completion and forecasted lower recovery compared to initially prognosed. From the early identification of potential additional infill candidates, project acceleration and economic improvement, the post-production performance has indicated a huge transformation towards realising more oil incremental at reduced cost. Additionally, there were significant lessons learned on subsurface planning and project execution. These were then highlighted for way forwards plan for S-C field and S Cluster in general to further sustain production and extend the field life.
Revitalisation of Upper Assam Mature Fields: Improving Confidence in Reservoir Evaluation by Reservoir Saturation Monitoring
Authors: Khambra Isha , Kumar Ajit , Verma Vibhor , Agrawal Gaurav , Sarma Rajiv , Baruah Neelimoy , Prasad C. B , Bora Pradyut
Published: November 2016

The Upper Assam Basin is a matured Petroliferous situated in the northeastern part of India . Exploration of Hydrocarbon started way back in 1866, with first commercial oil discovery in 1889. During the exploration, development and hydrocarbon exploitation over the period across various reservoirs of the upper Assam basin, substantial amount of studies were carried out in these brown fields and during the course of these studies, various challenges were learnt. This paper presents an overview of challenges and suggests possible solution to address the complex formation evaluation problems of the mature fields.

The major challenges faced in these reservoirs are high resistivity zones within sands, thereby creating an ambiguity due to very fresh water environment and a complexity in evaluation of the developed prospects between the hydrocarbon bearing and water bearing sand; Low shale density and sand matrix density contrast; Presence of gas across the sands is not effectively evident, especially in the secondary gas cap reservoir scenarios; changing reservoir dynamics due to production from decades, led to an uncertainty in identifying the current fluid contacts and last but not the least identification of mobile oil that could not be produced by existing wells under production from 60-70 years and have been left undrained. Therefore, in order to cater these challenges of old reservoirs and diminishing few unresolved uncertainties involved in redevelopment of the brown fields, reservoir saturation monitoring was carried out successfully in 50 wells in various fields which added immense value both technically and economically.

This paper has the detailed discussion about how this technique proved to be very beneficial and led to the substantial hydrocarbon gain in old wells. The reservoir saturation monitoring was carried out mainly in old wells which helped in taking the informed decision of identifying the sweet spot for hydrocarbon production. It has also helped in overcoming the uncertainty involved in the open-hole data interpretation (especially low resistivity and density contrast). This approach resulted in better understanding of the reservoir characteristics which led to ascertain potential reserves that can be characterized as the "Reserve growth".

The results of this approach also corroborated with the dynamic simulation models of various fields and enhanced the confidence on the predictive field development planning. Last but not the least it also contributed in achieving the annual hydrocarbon production target, considering other economic benefits, it led to reduced rig time spent for workover during the well life with low operational cost.
Application of Coil Tubing in High Density Mud in Deep HPHT Well
Authors: Al-Muhailan Mohannad , Patil Dipak , Aljarki J. , Mahesh V. S. , Shehab A. , Al-Azmi Salah , Alshammari Faisal , Al-Jaber Mohammed , Ababou Mounir
Published: November 2016

This paper highlights the design, planning, challenges, operational complications and successful execution of coil tubing application in active deep well in West Kuwait. The aim of coil tubing job is to clear the pipe from inside to recover the stuck pipe to eliminate the sidetrack in highly pressurized complicated Salt/Anhydrite sequence.

In one of the West Kuwait wells, during drilling the well got a kick with high gain rate. During shutting in and at starting of killing the well, it was observed that the pipe & annulus were plugged. Pipe puncture job was carried out & the well was killed off bottom with 19.7 ppg mud. Throughout running in hole with the free point locator tool prior to back off job, the held up was observed at 12,490 ft i.e. 1,300 ft above the bit. It was then selected to clean inside drill pipe to avoid sidetracking.

The well conditions presented challenges to the design and operation of coil tubing in this well. Challenging factors included: Use of high weight and yield strength, 15 ksi coil tubing, high mud density of 19.7 ppg, high pumping pressures, deep well, ID restriction 3 ½ in DP with 2 in ID, active well, deviated well of around 57 degrees. The coil tubing job design was critical for success of the operation. It included selection and analysis of coil tubing material, size, wall thickness; managing potential coil tubing burst and collapse pressures, calculation of coil tubing stretch, circulation pressure with high density mud, coil tubing force analysis, and wellbore solids removal with very minimum clearance & minimum pumping rate.

Initial simulations with 1.5 in coil tubing showed that circulation pressures would go above the 15 ksi rating. It was then decided to switch to high pressure 1.75 in coil tubing with which simulation showed that pressures at the rotating joint would be at 8,000 psi, using a jetting nozzle. While lowering with jetting nozzle, held up was observed at overshot due to the deviation. After changing jetting nozzle with the 1 11/16 in kick off tool, the coil tubing was able to pass through the gelled mud with circulation. To keep under check, high circulating pressure with aid of hydraulics analysis, related to dynamic circulation rate to 0.2 bpm at 7,500 psi & static rate to 0.35 bpm with 8,500 psi. Resulting in successfully clearing the drill pipe from inside to 12,974 ft, below the observed settling of hard barite.

Coil Tubing intervention with the restricted pipe diameter and heavy mud at high inclination well using a kick off tool was done for the first time in Kuwait. It achieved the purpose of cleaning the pipe to definite depth enabling back off operation below the jar & enhanced the chance of pipe recovery.
New Horizontal Equity Measure for Ramp Meters
Authors: Amini Nima , Gardner Lauren , Waller S. Travis
Published: November 2016

Ramp metering is a control technology used to manage the flow of traffic entering motorways and freeways, with the primary aim of minimizing congestion on the main thoroughfare. This technique has been studied and implemented globally since the 1960s. It has been shown that ramp meters improve the overall efficiency of the system; however, the distribution of the benefits and costs across users has been questioned, and this is one of the main constraints on user acceptance of the ramp metering system. The typical methodology used in the literature is to assume that the most equitable condition is when all on-ramps have the same delay across space or time. This research developed a new definition of horizontal equity for ramp meters and a proposed method for calculating it. A hypothetical microsimulation model was developed on the basis of a motorway in Sydney, Australia, and used as the platform to demonstrate how the proposed equity definition can be evaluated. To assist in the interpretation, two configurations of a ramp metering algorithm were simulated and compared. Finally, the typical equality measure used in the literature was calculated for the same scenarios and compared with the proposed equity measure. The results showed that these two measures can favor scenarios. A qualitative discussion of the expected benefits of the proposed equity measure is offered. Those expected benefits are an easy-to-communicate means of justifying the metering rates for user acceptance (rates that are arguably fairer, compared with the typical equality measure); a measure that is complementary to integration with other intelligent transportation system technology such as tolled bypass lanes; and ease of incorporation in the long-term traffic management plan.
Forman-Ricci Flow for Change Detection in Large Dynamic Data Sets
Authors: Weber Melanie , Jost Jürgen , Saucan Emil
Published: November 2016

We present a viable geometric solution for the detection of dynamic effects in complex networks. Building on Forman’s discretization of the classical notion of Ricci curvature, we introduce a novel geometric method to characterize different types of real-world networks with an emphasis on peer-to-peer networks. We study the classical Ricci-flow in a network-theoretic setting and introduce an analytic tool for characterizing dynamic effects. The formalism suggests a computational method for change detection and the identification of fast evolving network regions and yields insights into topological properties and the structure of the underlying data.
Key Construction Technology of Shield Tunneling Crossing underneath a Railway
Authors: Ge Jinjin , Xu Ying , Cheng Weiwei
Published: November 2016

The shield tunnel of the Kunming subway crosses beneath the Kun-Shi Railway. Due to the high requirements of railway track for settlement control, this article proposes the following technical measures for controlling the settlement based on the analysis of risks arising from the shield crossing railway: (1) Reinforcing the stratum of the region crossed by the shield in advance to achieve high stability; (2) Using a reinforced segment for the shield tunnel and increasing reserved grouting holes for construction; (3) Reasonably configuring resources, optimizing construction parameters, strengthening monitoring and information management during the shield crossing. In strict accordance with the construction plan, the shield successfully and safely crossed beneath the Kun-Shi Railway; this provides experience that can be used in similar projects in the future.
Chemistry and Photochemistry of Anthocyanins and Related Compounds: A Thermodynamic and Kinetic Approach
Authors: Basílio Nuno , Pina Fernando
Published: November 2016

Anthocyanins are identified by the respective flavylium cation, which is only one species of a multistate of different molecules reversibly interconverted by external inputs such as pH, light and temperature. The flavylium cation (acidic form) is involved in an apparent acid-base reaction, where the basic species is the sum of quinoidal base, hemiketal and cis- and trans-chalcones, their relative fraction depending on the substitution pattern of the flavylium cation. The full comprehension of this complex system requires a thermodynamic and kinetic approach. The first consists in drawing an energy level diagram where the relative positions of the different species are represented as a function of pH. On the other hand, the kinetic approach allows measuring the rates of the reactions that interconnect reversibly the multistate species. The kinetics is greatly dependent on the existence or not of a high cis-trans isomerization barrier. In this work, the procedure to obtain the energy level diagram and the rates of inter-conversion in the multistate in both cases (low or high isomerization barrier) are described. Practical examples of this approach are presented to illustrate the theory, and recently reported applications based on host–guest complexes are reviewed.
RESULTS FROM THE 2014 NOVEMBER 15TH MULTI-CHORD STELLAR OCCULTATION BY THE TNO (229762) 2007 UK126
Authors: Benedetti-Rossi G. , Sicardy B. , Buie M. W. , Ortiz J. L. , Vieira-Martins R. , Keller J. M. , Braga-Ribas F. , Camargo J. I. B. , Assafin M. , Morales N. , Duffard R. , Dias-Oliveira A. , Santos-Sanz P. , Desmars J. , Gomes-Júnior A. R. , Leiva R. , Bardecker J. , Bean Jr. J. K. , Olsen A. M. , Ruby D. W. , Sumner R. , Thirouin A. , Gómez-Muñoz M. A. , Gutierrez L. , Wasserman L. , Charbonneau D. , Irwin J. , Levine S. , Skiff B.
Published: November 2016

We present results derived from the first multi-chord stellar occultation by the trans-Neptunian object (229762) 2007 UK126, observed on 2014 November 15. The event was observed by the Research and Education Collaborative Occultation Network project and International Occultation Timing Association collaborators throughout the United States. Use of two different data analysis methods obtain a satisfactory fit to seven chords, yielding an elliptical fit to the chords with an equatorial radius of

km and equivalent radius of

km. A circular fit also gives a radius of

km. Assuming that the object is a Maclaurin spheroid with indeterminate aspect angle, and using two published absolute magnitudes for the body, we derive possible ranges for geometric albedo between

and

, and for the body oblateness between

and

. For a nominal rotational period of 11.05 hr, an upper limit for density of ρ = 1740 kg m−3 is estimated for the body.
ENABLING STAR FORMATION VIA SPONTANEOUS MOLECULAR DIPOLE ORIENTATION IN ICY SOLIDS
Authors: Rosu-Finsen Alexander , Lasne Jérôme , Cassidy Andrew , McCoustra Martin R. S. , Field David
Published: November 2016

It is shown here how new experimental data, for the electrical properties of solid CO, can be used to fill important gaps in our understanding of the evolution of prestellar cores. Dust grains with a mantle of CO lead to a reduction in the degree of ionization in these cores by a factor of between 5 and 6. The lifetimes for expulsion of magnetic fields from cores, a process generally necessary for gravitational collapse, are reduced from current estimates of several megayears, by a similar factor. This removes a major inconsistency, since lifetimes now tally with typical ages of prestellar cores of a few hundred thousand to 106 yr, derived from observations. With the reduced timescales, cores also escape disruption by Galactic supernova remnants. Our results provide a natural mechanism for the generation of so-called magnetically supercritical cores, in which the magnetic field alone cannot prevent gravitational collapse. In addition, we find a minimum value for the density of prestellar cores of ≥(1.1 ± 0.1) × 104 H2 cm−3, in agreement with observations.
Jeu stratégique et empathie altruiste dans le processus de réconciliation post-Gacaca
Authors: Kamuzinzi Masengesho
Published: November 2016

Le Rwanda est le seul pays au monde où, les familles des rescapés et des personnes ayant reconnu leur participation au génocide dans les séances publiques des juridictions participatives Gacaca continuent à vivre dans les mêmes villages après que les crimes commis aient été révélés. L’article analyse la nature des relations sociales que retissent les survivants et leurs tortionnaires, une fois que ces derniers ont purgé leur peine et se retrouvent à devoir cohabiter avec les victimes. Fondé sur les résultats de trois recherches empiriques, l’article souligne la diversité des stratégies déployées par les auteurs comme par les victimes dans les mécanismes de réconciliation et leur impact sur la profondeur ou la fragilité des relations interpersonnelles recouvrées.
Rough Fuzzy Automata and Rough Fuzzy Grammar
Authors: Tyagi Kanchan , Tripathi Alka
Published: November 2016

Automata theory plays a key role in computational theory as many computational problems can be solved with its help. Formal grammar is a special type of automata designed for linguistic purposes. Formal grammar generates formal languages. Rough grammar and rough languages were introduced to incorporate the imprecision of real languages in formal languages. These languages have limitations on uncertainty. The authors have considered both uncertainty and approximations to define rough fuzzy grammar and rough fuzzy languages. Under certain restrictions, their grammar reduces to formal grammar. Furthermore, the authors have proposed definition of rough fuzzy automata that accepts rough fuzzy regular language.
Integrating Music into Math in a Virtual Reality Game
Authors: Lim Taehyeong , Lee Sungwoong , Ke Fengfeng
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate future teachers' experiences and perceptions of using a virtual reality game for elementary math education. The virtual reality game was designed and developed to integrate a musical activity (beat-making) into the math learning of fractions. Five math education major students participated in this study. Participants' perceptions, experiences, and interactions regarding the game were examined through observation, screen recording, survey, and interviews. A thematic analysis found three major themes: Transformative presentation of fractions via musical concepts, integration of music into math to enhance learner motivation, and learning-constructive game design features. The findings showed that the concept of fractions is effectively represented via beat-making in the virtual reality game. The study also illustrated that musical term clarification and adaptive, haptic manipulation are salient design features that influence game-based learning.
Multilayer Perceptron Based Equalizer with an Improved Back Propagation Algorithm for Nonlinear Channels
Authors: Zerdoumi Zohra , Chikouche Djamel , Benatia Djamel
Published: November 2016

Neural network based equalizers can easily compensate channel impairments; such additive noise and inter symbol interference (ISI). The authors present a new approach to improve the training efficiency of the multilayer perceptron (MLP) based equalizer. Their improvement consists on modifying the back propagation (BP) algorithm, by adapting the activation function in addition to the other parameters of the MLP structure. The authors report on experiment results evaluating the performance of the proposed approach namely the back propagation with adaptive activation function (BPAAF) next to the BP algorithm. To further prove its effectiveness, the proposed approach is also compared beside a so known nonlinear equalizer explicitly the multilayer perceptron with decision feedback equalizer MLPDFE. The authors consider various performance measures specifically: signal resorted quality, lower steady state MSE reached and minimum bit error rate (BER) achieved, where nonlinear channel equalization problems are employed.
A Community-based Geotourism Entrepreneurship
Authors: Khoshkam Mana , Jaafar Mastura
Published: November 2016

Geotourism is a growing industry in Malaysia. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation's (UNESCO) has included Langkawi's 99 islands in its global geopark network. One of the most popular geopark sites in Langkawi is Kilim Karst, originally developed as a fishing community under the management of the Kilim Community Cooperative Society (KCCS). Following Kilim's recognition as a geopark, the role of the KCCS has evolved to encompass the management of local geotourism activities, ensuring that the community's involvement is consistent with UNESCO's sustainable development benchmarks. This study discusses the role played by geoparks and geotourism in the cooperative community entrepreneurship of local populations. Using the interview method, the authors consider the role of community-based entrepreneurships in developing geotourism in Kilim. With the full cooperation of the local government, the KCCS helps to develop local entrepreneurs who lack fundamental business knowledge. The authors review the performance of the KCCS based on their 2011–2014 annual general meeting report. The results of this review, coupled with the growing number of tourists, reveal the success of the KCCS' commitment to supporting local entrepreneurship. The proceeds of these activities have subsequently been redirected to the diversification of the KCCS' business portfolio for the sustainability of the community.
Entrepreneurship Culture of SMEs in India's Tourism Sector
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: November 2016

Travel and tourism is a promising service sector of this century. Tourism is one of the major forces for economic, social, and cultural change in any region and India is no exception. Tourism is the world's largest industry and a sector emphasized by many countries to advocate economic development. It is also used as a development strategy due to its economic effects of generating foreign exchange, creating employment and stimulating local economies. Yet, what has been lacking for many years is a study that reviews and analyses the entrepreneurship culture of SMEs especially in tourism sector. Due to emergent and new forms of tourism, there is an immense entrepreneurial opportunity which is a certainly breeding entrepreneurship culture. Focusing on India, this paper aims to do that, with an in-depth examination of emergent and new forms of tourism followed by entrepreneurial aspects in tourism. Though the discussion pertains to India; the lessons drawn could be applicable for all involved in the development of entrepreneurship and tourism.
The Impact of Pressure Regulators on the Runtime and Energy Savings of Supersonic Blowdown Wind Tunnels
Authors: Epple Philipp , Steppert Michael , Steber Michael
Published: November 2016

Pressure regulators have a great impact on the runtime and energy savings of supersonic wind tunnels. In order to investigate this impact quantitatively the theoretical isentropic (ideal) equations for the supersonic wind tunnel flow were compared with viscous CFD computations. The theoretical model was extended include the flow from the outflow from the pressure vessel up to the wind tunnel. This theoretical model was solved with and without pressure regulation valve using a Runge-Kutta method. The differences in runtime and energy consumption for both configurations with and without pressure regulator as well as the derivation of the analytical model and the numerical solution are presented in detail in this paper.
A Model-Based Approach for the Energy Monitoring of Handling Machines
Authors: Paryanto  , Brossog Matthias , Roppelt Manuel , Franke Jörg
Published: November 2016

An energy-efficient handling system can only be constructed on condition that at the beginning of the development process the energy behavior of handling machines can be evaluated. However, the challenge at the beginning of the development is characterized by the fact that there is no energy data of these machines available. Most of the machine manufacturers do not provide such data or they only offer general data, which is limited to special machine conditions or movements. To solve this challenge, a model-based approach for energy monitoring of handling processes is developed. This approach allows the planning engineers to analyze the energy behavior as well as the kinematic behavior of handling machines at their real conditions. The approach is developed using the multi-domain simulation method, so the detailed components of handling machines can be modeled and simulated. Based on the case study analysis that was performed on a Cartesian robot, the developed approach is conveniently used to predict the energy consumption behavior of handling machines. Thus, using the developed approach, a planning engineer can reduce the energy consumption of handling systems by optimizing the handling sequence.
Comparison of Prognosis Methods for the Energy Consumption of Machines and Further Development with Regard to Increasing Data Availability
Authors: Müller Thiemo , Tauschek Julian Stefan , Glasschröder Johannes , Reinhart Gunther
Published: November 2016

An increasing number of companies establish energy management systems for continuous improvement in their energy efficiency and for this intensify monitoring their current energy consumption. These data can be used to gain further information about the production and to find potentials to increase its energy efficiency. In the procurement process of machinery and equipment or in the planning phase of production systems and building services, information about energy demand is rarely available, though it would be valuable for an early inclusion of energy efficiency in these processes. Therefore this paper discusses different forecast methods for energy consumption of machinery and evaluates in particular their universal applicability, effort and accuracy by analyzing them through the example of a packaging machine. In addition this paper proposes a further usage of energy-related data of machinery, which can be automatically acquired by monitoring systems for prognosticating their energy consumption as well as a possible distribution approach of this information. Therefore an own forecast method is presented, which shall process the energy-related data combined with information about dominant parameters of the product, the usage of the machine and the environmental conditions. For the distribution concept it was taken into account that the generated and shared information has to be abstracted in a way that no critical secrets of the company are revealed.
Properties of Light Weight Concrete Containing Crumb Rubber Subjected to High Temperature
Authors: Kantasiri Tanapan , Kasemsiri Pornnapa , Pongsa Uraiwan , Hiziroglu Salim
Published: November 2016

In this study, the compressive strength, unit weight and chemical structure of light weight concrete (LWC) containing crumb rubber after exposure to high temperature are investigated. The crumb rubber was used as light weight aggregate in place of normal aggregate at the content of 3-15 wt% of LWC. For all mixtures, the water/cement ratio and sand/cement ratio were fixed at 0.5 and 0.2, respectively. The experimental results showed that the unit weight of LWC containing crumb rubber decreased with increasing crumb rubber content. The unit weight and compressive strength values are in range of 1566-1761 kg/m3, 12-29 MPa, respectively. The LWCs containing 3-7 wt% and 15 wt% crumb rubber can meet the requirement of ASTM standards for structural light weight concrete and masonry, respectively. After high temperature exposure, the unit weight loss and compressive strength loss were 25% and 75%, respectively. All specimens still complied with the requirement of ASTM standard for masonry.
Evaluation of Tribological Thermal Failure on PEEK-PTFE Hybrid Alumina Ball Bearings
Authors: Koike Hitonobu , Matsumura Toshihiko , Mizobe Koshiro , Kashima Yuji , Kida Katsuyuki
Published: November 2016

In this paper, the thermal failure (seizure or melting) of hybrid radial bearing (PEEK ring-PTFE composite retainer and alumina ball) under rolling contact fatigue test was investigated. For effective operation of equipment in various environments such as dirty, harmful or corrosion situations, the radial PEEK-PTFE hybrid bearings were produced by machining. The PEEK accumulation layer containing carbon graphite was formed on the raceway of bearing's inner ring at 1200-1500 rpm rotation speed. Due to the self-lubrication of the PEEK composite accumulation layer as solid lubricant, the operation temperature in the hybrid bearing was lower than that of all PEEK radial bearing, and the load capacity of the PEEK bearings could be improved. Moreover, it was found that the PEEK composite film which is formed from the PEEK composite layer protected the raceway from the friction heat.
Simulation and Experimental Studies on Grain Selection Behavior of DD5 Single Crystal Superalloy
Authors: Yan Yu Hong , Liu Jian Wei , Jia Zhi Hong , Qiu Sheng , Guo Zhen , Liu Ke , Ma Ao Lin , Xu Liang
Published: November 2016

Optimization design and simulation of the spiral selector in the process of single crystal preparation were studied. Based on the analysis of simulation and experiment results, the grain structure and orientation in different section height at starter block and spiral part have been discussed. The influence and mechanism of spiral selector parameters on the behavior of the crystal selection were proposed. The design standard of the spiral selector was put forward.