bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulação computacional como ferramenta de validação da qualidade ambiental de projeto de homeoffice
Authors: De Aguair João Renato Carneiro , Batista Maria Do Desterro , Viegas Rejane Martins , Góes Thiago Montenegro , Fontes Talita Muniz , E Silva Caio Frederico
Published: May 2021

O processo de reforma de uma habitação enfrenta o desafio de promover qualidade ambiental, garantindo conforto e salubridade aos usuários. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o uso da simulação computacional como ferramenta de validação de um projeto de reforma para prover melhores níveis de iluminação natural e ventilação natural de um escritório residencial (homeoffice), localizado na cidade de Brasília-DF. O método utilizado apoiou-se no projeto arquitetônico original do apartamento, onde foram avaliados comparativamente os níveis de lux e o fluxo de ventilação natural entre dois cenários: original (1) e projeto-reforma (2). Para isso, utilizou-se simulação computacional por meio do software Relux Pro para iluminação natural, CFD para análise de fluídos pelo software Ansys 2020. Os resultados das simulações obtidas mostram que a luz natural no cenário projeto-reforma é cerca de onze vezes maior quando comparado ao cenário original. Em relação a ventilação natural, é verificado que o fluxo de ventilação saiu de uma situação de calmaria (cenário 1) e atingiu velocidades próximas a 2,3 m/s (cenário 2). Conclui-se que o uso de simulações computacionais permite demonstrar a qualidade ambiental de projeto de reforma, e o projeto de reforma apresenta um homeoffice mais claro e mais ventilado.Palavras Chave: Qualidade do ar, Simulação computacional, análise de fluídos e iluminação natural, escritório.
CALCULATION OF SNOW HEIGHT (HS) AND SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT (SWE) AT KEY POINTS OF THE NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN REGION FROM SENTINEL-2 SATELLITE IMAGES
Authors: Zh.B. Teleubay, I.T. Tokbergenov, F.K. Yermekov  , A.Zh. Assylkhanova Sh.K. Mazhrenova, A.M Bekbayeva
Published: May 2021

The article presents a comparative assessment of the snow height (HS) in the Limited Liability Partnership "North Kazakhstan Agricultural Experimental Station" using three different approaches of calculation of Snow Cover Fraction (SCF) with further determination of Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) from the one hand and in-situ prospective from the other. It was clear that the quadratic formula of SCF calculation provide better and reliable outcomes with an RMSE 1.36 cm which is followed by linear (12.06 cm) and exponential approaches (12.86). The lowest water level was 9 mm, the average level was about 50 mm, and the highest level was up to 62 mm, according to the SWE map produced by the quadratic equation while the highest, average and the lowest snow height (HS) have reached up to 28 cm, 13 cm and 5 cm respectively. Based on the results and the accuracy obtained, we strongly recommend to use the given methodology in the whole northern and central regions of Kazakhstan to estimate the amount of snow for the further hydrological plans and decisions.
ШАЙҚОРЫҚ ЕЛДІ МЕКЕНІНІҢ ШАЛҒЫНДЫ БОЗ ТОПЫРАҒЫНЫҢ АУЫР МЕТАЛДАРМЕН ЛАСТАНУ ДӘРЕЖЕСІН БАҒАЛАУ
Authors: Кекілбаева Г.Р., б.ғ.к., аға оқытушы
Published: May 2021

Мақалада ірі өндіріс ошақтары орналасқан Тараз қаласына іргелес жатқан Шайқорық елді мекенінің шалғынды боз топырағының ауыр металдардың (Pb, Cu, Zn) жалпы және жылжымалы мөлшерімен ластану дәрежесін бағалау бойынша зерттеу нәтижелері берілген. Техногенді таралу жолымен түскен ауыр металдар топырақтың химиялық құрамының өзгеруіне алып келген, бұл өз кезегінде топырақтың негізгі құнарлылық көрсеткіштеріне теріс ықпалын тигізеді де, топырақтың өзін-өзі тазарту қабілетін нашарлатып, тозуына алып келеді. Ластану ошақтарына жақын жатқан аумақ топырақтарындағы ауыр металдардың мөлшері рұқсат етілген шекті деңгейінен біршама артқан. Қауіптілік коэффициентінің мәндері бойынша қорғасын мен мыстың жылжымалы мөлшерінің топырақтағы шоғырлануы көтеріңкі және орташа аралықты қамтыды. Ластану дәрежесінің жиынтық көрсеткіші бойынша шалғынды боз топырақтар рұқсат етілген ластану санатына жатады.
Pengaruh Sikap, Tekanan dan Kesempatan Karyawan terhadap Kecurangan pada PT. Mega Auto Central Finance Cabang Kendari
Authors: Thomas Alfin
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) menguji dan menjelaskan pengaruh sikap terhadap kecurangan karyawan; 2) menguji dan menjelaskan pengaruh tekanan terhadap kecurangan karyawan; dan 3) menguji dan menjelaskan pengaruh kesempatan terhadap kecurangan. Objek penelitian ini dibatasi pada karyawan PT. Mega Auto Central Finance Cabang Kendari. Penentuan sampel menggunakan metode sensus. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 61 orang karyawan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial, sikap, tekanan dan kesempatan karyawan berpengaruh terhadap kecurangan. Hal ini berarti bahwa semakin kurang sikap seseorang, semakin tinggi tekanan dan semakin tinggi kesempatan maka terjadinya tingkat kecurangan akan tinggi pula. Hal ini diperkuat dengan hasil pengolahan data. Secara keseluruhan terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan sikap, tekanan dan kesempatan karyawan terhadap kecurangan pada PT. Mega Auto Central Cabang Kendari.
Plantas utilizadas como saponíferas en comunidades rurales del (occidente de Antioquia-Colombia)
Authors: Arango Arroyave José Ubeimar , Tuberquia Cano Yurley , Zapata Diego A.
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo se realizó una identificación botánica, aprovechando los conocimientos asociados a una serie de prácticas tradicionales sobre plantas sustitutivas de jabón en comunidades campesinas del municipio de Peque (Occidente de Antioquia), las cuales fueron encontradas en remanentes de bosque y en estados sucesionales asociados a éste. Para tal fin se partió de técnicas de investigación etnográfica, sondeos rurales rápidos y participativos complementados con registros audiovisuales (fotografía y video), entrevistas semiestructuradas, observación directa y participante, toma de muestras botánicas, formatos, notas y recorridos de campo e identificación taxonómica. Todo este proceso metodológico e investigativo condujo al reconocimiento de cuatro familias, cuatro géneros y cinco especies, de éstas cuatro son de origen americano, encontrándose en estado nativo, mientras que el pasto gordura (Melinis minutiflora) es de origen africano y naturalizado en tierras americanas. A la vez, se documentaron aspectos etnobotánicos en cuanto al uso y manejo de estos recursos locales como un aporte al conocimiento y difusión de la biodiversidad del país y del conocimiento asociado a ella, donde este tipo de saberes y sus respectivas prácticas se resisten a desaparecer.
Efecto de la luz, la temperatura y la competencia en la fase gametofítica de dos helechos nemorales: Athyrium filix-femina y Dryopteris affinis subsp. affinis.
Authors: Pangua Fernández-Valdés Emilia , Pajarón Santiago
Published: May 2021

Athyrium filix-femina y Dryopteris affinis subsp. affinis son dos helechos nemorales que conviven con frecuencia. La viabilidad y la rapidez de germinación de las esporas, así como el posterior crecimiento del gametófito son claves para el éxito competitivo de los helechos en un determinado hábitat. Se establecieron cultivos monoespecíficos y de ambas especies mezcladas, sometidos a 10º, 15º y 20 ºC, y a esta última temperatura, a bajas intensidades de luz, de 1.8 a 1.0 µmol m-2s-1. Se calcularon los porcentajes y tiempos de germinación, T50, y se estudiaron el desarrollo del gametófito y la expresión sexual, teniendo en cuenta que Athyrium filix-femina presenta un ciclo de reproducción sexual, mientras que Dryopteris affinis subsp. affinis es un taxón de apogamia obligada. Los porcentajes de germinación final fueron elevados en general, siendo algo mayores en los cultivos con esporas mezcladas. Sin embargo, la temperatura influyó claramente en el tiempo de germinación (T50), siendo menor en Dryopteris a cualquiera de las temperaturas estudiadas. Cultivos con bajas intensidades de luz, alcanzaron altos porcentajes de germinación, disminuyendo significativamente a 1 µmol m-2 s-1, especialmente en Athyrium. La expresión sexual en cultivos con mezcla de esporas a 20ºC y 50 µmol m-2 s-1 en suelo, fue similar a los tres y seis meses, con un alto porcentaje de femeninos en Athyrium, favoreciendo un cruzamiento esporofítico, y con un elevado número de esporófitos apógamos en Dryopteris. En los cultivos control, monoespecíficos, se formaron mayoritariamente masculinos.
Atlas de la flora alóctona de Madrid, II. Nymphaceae-Gramineae
Authors: Enríquez de Salamanca Álvaro , Gabriel y Galán José María , Cabezas Francisco , Martínez Ronda Miriam
Published: May 2021

En esta segunda parte del atlas de flora alóctona de Madrid, se incluyen los órdenes Nymphaeales, Magnoliales, Laurales y las Monocotiledóneas. Se han considerado los taxones introducidos fuera de terrenos urbanos, parques o jardines, naturalizados o no. Se analizan 101 taxones y se incluyen referencias a otros 39. De los taxones analizados 58 son alóctonos en Madrid (49 naturalizados, 8 sin constancia de que lo estén y uno sin localidades concretas conocidas) y 9 en localidades próximas (8 naturalizados y 1 sin constancia de estarlo). Otros 11 son alóctonos en Madrid y podrían naturalizarse, pero no hay constancia de ello; 5 aparecen en jardines y en 6 hay sospechas de su posible presencia por usarse en cultivos o siembras extensivas. En 18 taxones hay discrepancias entre autores sobre si son o no alóctonas; en este trabajo se ha considerado que no lo son. Finalmente se propone excluir 5 taxones de la flora alóctona de Madrid. Entre los taxones incluidos Arundo donax está considerada una de las más agresivas invasoras del mundo. Algunos taxones son antiguas introducciones con poblaciones estabilizadas o en regresión. Hay muy pocas referencias a cereales naturalizados, lo que puede deberse a su baja persistencia. Algunas especies son neocolonizadoras, como Limnobium laevigatum, la más recientemente detectada, o Cortaderia selloana, en expansión.
Investigation of Aspartame effects on some blood parameters after oral administration in Balb-c mice
Authors: Alkhalil Diana Ali , Yasein Moofeed
Published: May 2021

No-caloric sweeteners, such as aspartame, are widely used in various food and beverages to prevent the increasing rates of obesity and diabetes mellitus, acting as tools in helping control caloric intake. Aspartame is a methyl ester of a dipeptide used as a synthetic nonnutritive sweetener in over 90 countries worldwide in over 6000 products. It was first approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1981. Aspartame is metabolized to phenylalanine, aspartic acid, and methanol. these metabolites have some health risks specially on PKU (Phenyl Ketone Urea) patients who can’t metabolize the amino acid phenyl alanine. This study aims to investigate the health effects of aspartame on Balb-c mice. 16 Balb-c mice were given physiological solution by oral gavage(control) and the study groups were given the recommended ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) for mice (ADI = 250mg/kg/body weight) of Aspartame diluted in water for 15days, 30days. Glucose blood level, lipid profile, marker enzymes (ALT.AST.ALP, γGT) and uric acid were determined at the end of the experiment. The results of this study show that oral administration of aspartame (250mg/kg body weight) was correlated to a significant increase in the lipid profile, fasting blood glucose and some marker enzymes and this increase is time related.
Impact of Hormones on the Proliferation of Shoots and Initiation of Roots in Salvia santolinifolia (Boiss), A High Value Medicinal Herb
Authors: Jan Tour , Naqvi Beena , Hazrat Ali , Qadri Raiha , Nisar Muhammad , Khan Nasrullah , Nawaz Muhammad Asif , Pervez Sidra
Published: May 2021

Salvia santolinifolia is a medicinal plant and an efficient in vitro conservation system is established. The influence of N6Benzylaminopurine (BAP), N6-(2-isopentyl)-adenine (2iP) and Kinetin at various concentrations were evaluated, single and in mixture with NAA (Naphthalene acetic acid) for the production of auxiliary shoots from nodal explants of S. santolinifolia. BAP at 3.0 mg/L in MS1 media produced maximum (11.66±3.38) number of shoots while elongated (5.37±1.45) shoots were produced in the MS2 medium in subcultures at 2.0 mg/L of 2iP. Least number of shoots were formed when auxin and cytokinin were used in combination. Length of culture, age was an important consideration for the initiation and development of roots. Rooting of shoot was attained with Indol-3-butyric acid (IBA) (3.0 mg/L) from shoots of 4th, 5th and 6th subculture while shoots taken from 1st, 2nd and 3rd subculture failed to form roots.
Comparative Efficacy of Bio-Pesticide and Synthetic Agrochemicals on Population Control of Aphids, Helicoverpa armigera, Infestation Control and Yield of Okra
Authors: Ahmad Taimur , Khan Rasool , Khattak Tariq Nawaz , Ullah Ihsan , Khan Ayaz , Khan Saleem
Published: May 2021

A field study was conducted at village Sardheri, district Charsadda for the year 2017 in order to evaluate the efficacy of bio-insecticides and synthetic agrochemicals against the aphids and Helicoverpa. armigera on Okra. There were eight treatments including control. The highest % reduction control of aphids after 3rd spray was 91.2 recorded for T6 treatment and T5 was the next superior treatment having a % reduction of 86.2. The highest percent reduction in pod damage (75.5%) was recorded for T6 after 3rd spray, while T5 was the next superior treatment and the pod borer damage was noted to be 72.2%. T5 yielded the highest mean produce of Okra per plant and was recorded to be 446.3 g. These findings revealed that bio-insecticide can be effectively used to control aphid population as well as the fruit infestation of Okra and improving the yield of Okra. The bio-insecticides can also lower the inputs of residues in the crops and pose least toxicity to non-targeted organism and also readily degradable.
Studies of Liquid Fuel Formation from Plastic Waste by Catalytic Cracking Over Modified Natural Clay and Nickel Nanoparticles
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Salman , Nisar Shazia , Shah Raza , Salman Hina
Published: May 2021

Plastics are the dominant part of waste. Recycling is a major challenge beside avoiding of plastic consumption. Development of economic catalysts is a crucial factor to provide cost effective recycling of plastics into fuels. The primary objective of this research is to use pure metallic nanoparticles and modified south Asian clay. These composite catalysts were investigated for the effectiveness and degradation of polymers into liquid fuels and compared their activity with commercially available catalytic material. A series of reactions were conducted in a 25 cm3 autoclave reactor under different conditions such as temperature, catalyst load, addition of active metals, and with nickel nanoparticles. The products distribution for the pyrolysis reactions were determined and compared with commercial kerosene, gasoline and diesel. Clay catalyst gave good liquid yield at 350 °C for low-density polyethylene and post-consumer poly-bags. 10% impregnation of nickel on natural clay gave maximum liquid yield 79.23% for LDPE, while for poly- bags it reached up to 76.01%. The amount of liquid yield was found to increase to 12% and 18.6% for LDPE and poly-bags, respectively on the impregnation of nickel on clay compared to neat clay. It could be demonstrated as well that nickel nanoparticles and molybdenum impregnation on clay give a good yield on liquid fuel. The final products are in the range of gasoline, kerosene and diesel.
Identify the Archaeological Research of Thatta District Through Geo-Spatial Technologies: A Case Study of Makli Graveyard and Banbhore Fort
Authors: Rehman Zia Ur , Gul Asif , Kazmi Syed Jamil Hasan , Ahmed Danish
Published: May 2021

Archaeological studies with the help of geographic information systems and remote sensing have been used in temporal, spatial, regional analysis and to investigate traditional and historical ways of human life. Remote sensing alludes to a wide variety of high-technology methods for collecting data pertaining to the physical or chemical properties of an archaeological site survey. The aim of this study is to identify the archaeological site of Makli graveyard and Banbhore fort through satellite images and explore the major land cover patterns on the southern part of Sindh province using geospatial technologies. Additional goals are to evaluate and visualize the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for the southern part of Sindh province. A landsat-8 OLI / TIRS of 20th December 2014 and a DEM image were used to classify land cover and artifacts at the site. The result indicates that historical monuments at Makli, and Banbhore fort, Thatta testify in an outstanding manner, to the civilization of the Sindh region. geographically, its location is vulnerable around the river. Banbhore has survived such threats and continued to flourish as the only and most important port of Sindh.
The role of historical route in the Russian North cultural and landscape space: following Alexander Schrenk
Authors: Vedenin Yu.
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the historical route Arkhangelsk – Mezen and the role of Alexander Shrenk, the Russian scientist, who gave a detailed description of this territory, covering a wide variety of scientific disciplines: geography, geology, hydrology, biology, economics, ethnography, linguistics, etc. Updating this historical route, identifying its various paths, land routes and winter roads, rivers and channels will create good opportunities for the development of tourism and the inclusion of this region of the Russian North into intensive social and economic activities.
Landscape approach to conservation of the Great Patriotic War heritage in Ugra national park
Authors: Novikov V.
Published: May 2021

The Ugra National Park is experiencing a landscape museum formation, based on a system of memorial trails. They cover holistic military-historical, and events’ 91 landscape complexes, characterizing the most important objects and episodes of hostilities of 1941–1943: from Soviet bases and a field airfield on the Ugra River to the command post of the Western Front. On the basis of the well-preserved "war relief," archival documents, use of authentic materials, various fortifications are restored in the park and excursion routes are arranged.
Revenue Allocation in Nigeria: Issues, Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Tom Edet Joshua , Ataide Harrison Otuekong
Published: May 2021

Revenue allocation among the three tiers of government in Nigeria has been a subject of hot debate because of the political nature of the exercise. Several attempts made by various administrations to evolve an acceptable and all embracing revenue allocation formulae for the country are yet to create the desired rapprochement among contentious groups. This paper examined the issue field of revenue allocation and identified major challenges which are embedded in it as well as outlining prospects for it in Nigeria. It employed both descriptive and historical methods to comprehend the subject under discussion. It is the position of the paper that in a bid to resolve the controversial issues surrounding the contentious revenue allocation in Nigeria, a high level of fiscal decentralization is required to replace the unfair revenue sharing formula currently on operation. Besides recommending a substantial review of the fiscal system, the paper concluded that revenue formulae for revenue sharing in Nigeria should be guided by national interest which should super cede individual or primordial interest and sentiments.
Emergency department management of an occult renal laceration following a minor fall
Authors: Hubbard Kimberly A. , Varney Shawn M.
Published: May 2021

We present a case of a pediatric patient with high grade renal injury following a minor fall, where clinical suspicion of occult injury resulted in diagnosis. Additionally, we review the management of high grade renal lacerations in children, including the role of ultrasound in managing these injuries.
The Mood of Elite Polish Athletes and P.E. Students
During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Guszkowska Monika , Szczypińska Marta , Samełko Aleksandra
Published: May 2021

The aim of the study was to compare mood during the fi rst wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in athletes - potential
Olympians (n = 57, including 28 men and 29 women) involved in Olympic preparations and extramural physical education students (n = 54, including 28 men and 26 women). The age of the subjects was between 18 and 45 years.
The additional objective was to determine diff erentiation according to gender. The Polish version of the Profi le of
Mood States by McNair, Lorr & Droppleman was used in the form of an on-line survey. There were no signifi cant differences between the men and women (main gender eff ect). The athletes demonstrated lower levels of anger and
confusion than the students (main group eff ect). In the case of tension, a signifi cant interaction was found between
the group and gender: among athletes, a lower level of tension was found in men, and among students - in women.
Mnogie sialocele przyusznicy w przebiegu przewlekłego zapalenia – opis przypadku
Authors: Molga-Magusiak Maria , Chęciński Piotr , Nyckowska Jagna
Published: May 2021

Wstęp: Przewlekłe zapalenie ślinianki przyusznej jest chorobą o etiologii wieloczynnikowej. Przyczyną jest najczęściej zwężenie światła przewodów wyprowadzających przez zalegający złóg. Na tle zmian obturacyjnych oraz toczącego się procesu zapalnego może dochodzić do powstawania torbieli retencyjnych.
Opis przypadku: W opisanym przypadku u 56-letniego pacjenta doszło do masywnego wielotorbielowatego rozrostu ślinianki na tle kamiczego przewlekłego zapalenia, w którym jedyną skuteczną metodą leczenia była parotidektomia całkowita. Omówiono metody leczenia i model postępowania w przewlekłym zapaleniu przyusznicy.
Cultivation and use of medicinal plants and association with reporting of childhood asthma: A case-control study in the Bogotá savanna
Authors: Zuluaga Germán , Sarmiento Iván , Pimentel Juan , Correal Camilo , Andersson Neil
Published: May 2021

Introduction The prevalence of childhood asthma has increased in recent years. The World Health Organization has called for conducting research exploring the role of traditional medicine and medicinal plants in respiratory disease control. Objective To identify the relationship between the prevalence of childhood asthma and traditional care of the respiratory system, including cultivation and use of medicinal plants. Methods We conducted an observational, analytic, case-control study that included children 2 to 14 years old who used official health services in eight municipalities near Bogota between 2014 and 2015. Cases were children diagnosed with asthma. We randomly selected the controls among the remaining patients of the same healthcare facilities. We applied an 18-question survey. The Mantel-Haenszel procedure identified significant associations using 95% confidence intervals. Results We surveyed the caretakers of 97 cases and 279 controls in eight municipalities. Some 23.4% (88/376) and 37.9% (142/375) reported using traditional remedies for fever control and common cold management, respectively. 8.8% (33/376) reported following traditional care during a common cold, 30.4% (114/375) reported growing medicinal plants at home, and 45% (166/369) reported using medicinal plants for health purposes in their household. Multivariate analysis showed that having and using medicinal plants at home is associated with a lower reporting of asthma (odds ratio 0.49; 95% confidence interval: 0.25 to 0.99). Conclusions Cultivating and using medicinal plants at home is associated with a lower reporting of childhood asthma. Researchers should consider the therapeutic, environmental, and cultural properties of medicinal plants to prevent respiratory diseases.
Mi experiencia con la Ley General de Educación
Authors: Puelles Benítez Manuel
Published: May 2021

Memories of the General Education Act of 1970
Introducción: a los 50 años de la Ley General de Educación de 1970
Authors: Fernández Soria Juan Manuel , Sevilla Merino Diego
Published: May 2021

The commemorative opportunity is only a circumstance that prompts to investigate the General Education Act (LGE) of 1970 fifty years after its approval. Another more essential reason invites its study: to investigate with new analyzes and new perspectives on what the LGE meant for the modernization of the country and for the transition between Franco's education and constitutional education. This requires examining the precedents of the 1970 Law and paying attention to the place that the LGE has occupied in educational historiography, in which an evolution towards current historiographic trends is visible. In these highlights the study of international influences in the process of educational modernization, the different iconographic discourses with which the LGE is represented, the protagonism of some of its traditional actors, the rereading of timeless themes present in the Law, and the debates that this generates in the collective memory. These questions are addressed here from the historian's workshop, which are enriched on this occasion with testimonies of individual memories, protagonists in the gestation, development and application of the 1970 Law.
JOSEFINA MÉNDEZ VÁZQUEZ y FRANCISCO CHACÓN JIMÉNEZ (eds.). Historiar la educación de las mujeres en tiempos de cambio (siglos XVII-XX)
Authors: Chamorro-Cercos Beatriz
Published: May 2021

Review of the book by JOSEFINA MÉNDEZ VÁZQUEZ y FRANCISCO CHACÓN JIMÉNEZ (eds.). Historiar la educación de las mujeres en tiempos de cambio (siglos XVII-XX). Granada: Editorial Comares, 2020, 171 páginas. ISBN: 978-84-9045-916-4
“As a vegetarian, we never do well enough”
Authors: Gfeller Fabienne
Published: May 2021

Food is an area that receives little attention from psychologists, despite the fact that it provides many interesting situations and dilemmas through which human activity and development can be examined. Currently – at least in the WEIRD (western, educated, industrial, rich and democratic) countries (Henrich et al., 2010), – these activities are an important object of normative discourses and injunctions about how we should behave as consumers and how we should eat, notably when it comes to products of animal origin and meat in particular. In these countries, a large majority of people regularly consumes meat. Vegetarianism can be seen as a deviant behavior to this norm (Boyle, 2011), that provokes reactions as it questions the taken-for-granted normality and necessity of meat consumption (Larue, 2015). However, the issue of meat consumption also intersects with many other normative discourses, such as the imperatives to be an ethical consumer or to be a hedonist. In this paper, I examine how people orient themselves in relation to these norms and possibly take distance from some of them. More specifically I propose to do so through the notion of positioning. Position and positioning are notions that are increasingly used and discussed in psychology. The theorization of these notions is recent, and thus quite disparate (Gülerce et al., 2014), although a few scholars worked on possible synthesis of different traditions (Gillespie & Martin, 2014; Raggatt, 2015). I argue that examining positioning processes in relation to normative discourses and behaviors constitutes a way to understand the relation between the person and some social norms, and that this use will also contribute to deepen the conceptualization of positioning. I draw on empirical work conducted with people who recently changed their habits of consumption of food of animal origin. The questions I examine are: how do people position themselves in the normative and contested world of consumption of food of animal origin, and what are the processes possibly allowing them to question and transgress the norms in this area.
The European system of military and political decision-making: problems of establishment
Authors: Ivanov Andrei Alexandrovich
Published: May 2021

Today’s multipolar world, one can observe how different countries with different degree of agency on the international arena, seek to be actively involved in the development of recommendations for settling the existing crises, and pursue their foreign policy based on the own resources and national interests. This naturally results in complication of the system of international relations and makes it extremely difficult for its leading actors to make adequate decisions. The fact that the modern “world powers” have fundamentally different socioeconomic and political structure, aggravates the situation even more. Different values, principles of economic management, attitudes towards the role of the key social institutions and elements of the political system impede constructive communication between the states. Despite the efforts of many politicians, Europe is yet to reach cultural and political unity. The EU member-states have strong differences with regards to domestic and foreign policy; and some states continue to seek solutions to the existing crises, guided by their own principles of effective management. This defines the relevance of outlining the prospects for the convergence of national systems of political decision-making, since the discrepancy in this sphere increases distrust among the countries, parties and government leaders, as well as creates the background for various abusive activities.
Inequality in the Los Angeles Unified School: Ethics and Public Responsibility
Authors: Naser Alrashidi Abdulaziz Yahyah
Published: May 2021

This research paper defines the problems facing Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD). The district does not address the concerns of lower-class students, and as a result their education system is inadequate. It is urgent for people to recognize the assistance that the district and each of its schools can provide in order to abet the process of educating children from lower-class neighborhoods. This paper explains the situation existing in LAUSD, examines different alternatives to improve education for lower-class students, and suggests a course of action.
Inkjet‐Printed Ternary Oxide Dielectric and Doped Interface Layer for Metal‐Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors with Low Voltage Operation
Authors: Gillan Liam , Li Shujie , Lahtinen Jouko , Chang Chih‐Hung , Alastalo Ari , Leppäniemi Jaakko
Published: May 2021

Additive solution process patterning, such as inkjet printing, is desirable for high‐throughput roll‐to‐roll and sheet fabrication environments of electronics manufacturing because it can help to reduce cost by conserving active materials and circumventing multistep processing. This paper reports inkjet printing of YxAl2−xO3 gate dielectric, In2O3 semiconductor, and a polyethyleneimine‐doped In2O3 interfacial charge injection layer to achieve a thin‐film transistor (TFT) mobility (μsat) of ≈1 cm2 V−1 s−1 at a low 3 V operating voltage. When the dielectric material is annealed at 350 °C, plasma treatment induces low‐frequency capacitance instability, leading to overestimation of mobility. On the contrary, films annealed at 500 °C show stable capacitance from 1 MHz down to 0.1 Hz. This result highlights the importance of low‐frequency capacitance characterization of solution‐processed dielectrics, especially if plasma treatment is applied before subsequent processing steps. This study progresses metal‐oxide TFT fabrication toward fully inkjet‐printed thin‐film electronics.
Realization of Flexible Ultraviolet Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes: Key Design Issues
Authors: Lee Donggyun , Park Jaehyeok , Lee Woochan , Kim Hyung Suk , Yoo Seunghyup
Published: May 2021

While organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have seen huge success as light sources in high‐end displays, efforts are being made to extend their spectral coverage beyond the visible region. Among such endeavors, the development of ultraviolet (UV) OLEDs is particularly of interest due to the unique applications of UV light in a variety of areas such as security, sterilization, phototherapy, etc. However, OLEDs that emit UV light are very challenging to realize due to limitations such as high‐energy‐induced molecular instability, the rarity of adequate emitting layers, and material optical properties that are very different from those of visible OLEDs. Herein, UV OLEDs are realized using 3‐(Biphenyl‐4‐yl)‐5‐(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐4‐phenyl‐4 H‐1,2,4‐triazole (TAZ) as emitters in both top‐emitting and bottom‐emitting configurations. High absorption of common plastic substrates is carefully considered, and semitransparent refractory characteristics of metals under UV are exploited to form flexible dielectric−metal−dielectric electrodes with high transparency in UV. As a result, highly flexible UV OLEDs with a peak wavelength of 371 nm and a full width half maximum as small as 13 nm are realized.
Identification of prognostic and bone metastasis​‐related alternative splicing signatures in mesothelioma
Authors: Huang Runzhi , Zheng Zixuan , Liu Sijia , Yan Penghui , Song Dianwen , Yin Huabin , Hu Peng , Zhu Xiaolong , Chang Zhengyan , Liu Yihan , Zhuang Juanwei , Meng Tong , Huang Zongqiang , Zhang Jie
Published: May 2021

Mesothelioma (MESO) is an infrequent tumor derived from mesothelial cells of pleura, peritoneum, pericardium, and tunica vaginalis testis. Despite advancement in technologies and better understanding of tumor progression mechanism, the prognosis of MESO remains poor. The role of alternative splicing events (ASEs) in the oncogenesis, tumor metastasis and drug resistance has been widely discussed in multiple cancers. But the prognosis and potential therapeutic value of ASEs in MESO were not clearly studied by now. We constructed a prognostic model using RNA sequencing data and matched ASE data of MESO patients obtained from the TCGA and TCGASpliceSeq database. A total of 3,993 ASEs were identified associated with overall survival using Cox regression analysis. Eight of them were finally figured out to institute the model by lasso regression analysis. The risk score of the model can predict the prognosis independently. Among the identified 390 splicing factors (SF), HSPA1A and DDX3Y was significantly associated with 43 OS‐SEs. Among these OS‐SEs, SNX5‐58744‐AT (p = 0.048) and SNX5‐58745‐AT (p = 0.048) were significantly associated with bone metastasis. Co‐expression analysis of signal pathways and SNX5‐58744‐AT, SNX5‐58745‐AT was also depicted using GSVA. Finally, we proposed that splicing factor (SF) HSPA1A could regulate SNX5‐58744‐AT (R = −0.414) and SNX5‐58745‐AT (R = 0.414) through the pathway “Class I MHC mediated antigen processing and presentation” (R = 0.400). In this way, tumorigenesis and bone metastasis of MESO were controlled.
Unbalanced 2D Chiral Crystallization of Pentahelicene Propellers and Their Planarization into Nanographenes
Authors: Voigt Jan , Roy Myriam , Baljozović Miloš , Wäckerlin Christian , Coquerel Yoann , Gingras Marc , Ernst Karl‐Heinz
Published: May 2021

The chiral self‐assembly of trispentahelicene propellers on a gold surface has been investigated in ultrahigh vacuum by means of scanning tunneling microscopy and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. The trispentahelicene propellers aggregate into mirror domains with an enantiomeric ratio of 2 : 1. Thermally induced cyclodehydrogenation leads to planarization into nanographenes, which self‐assemble into closed‐packed layers with two different azimuths. Further treatment induces in part dimerization and trimerization by intermolecular cyclodehydrogenation.
Electrochemical Evaluation of Diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivatives for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Sharma Shikha , Rathod Suman , Prakash Yadav Satya , Chakraborty Arunavo , Shukla Ashok K. , Aetukuri Nagaphani , Patil Satish
Published: May 2021

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) employing nonaqueous electrolytes could potentially operate at much higher cell voltages, and therefore afford higher energy and power densities, than RFBs employing aqueous electrolytes. The development of such high‐voltage nonaqueous RFBs requires anolytes that are electrochemically stable, especially in the presence of traces of oxygen and/or moisture. The inherent atmospheric reactivity of anolytes mandates judicious molecular design with high electron affinity and electrochemical stability. In this study, diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)‐based TDPP‐Hex‐CN4 is proposed as a stable redox‐active molecule for anolytes in nonaqueous organic RFBs. We demonstrate organic RFBs using TDPP‐Hex‐CN4 as anolyte with unisol blue (UB) 1,4‐bis(isopropylamino)anthraquinone and 1,4‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,5‐bis(2‐methoxyethoxy)benzene (DBBB) as catholytes. Cyclic voltammetry measurements with scans repeated over 200 cycles were performed to establish the electrochemical stability of the redox pairs. Symmetric flow‐cell studies show that TDPP‐Hex‐CN4 exhibits stable capacity up to 700 cycles. Redox flow cells employing TDPP‐Hex‐CN4 /UB and TDPP‐Hex‐CN4/DBBB as redox pairs demonstrate that DPP derivatives are propitious materials for anolytes in all organic nonaqueous RFBs.
The important role of routine cytopathology in pediatric precision oncology
Authors: Xie Jinhan , Kumar Amit , Dolman M. Emmy M. , Mayoh Chelsea , Khuong‐Quang Dong‐Anh , Cadiz Roxanne , Wong‐Erasmus Marie , Mould Emily V. A. , Grebert‐Wade Dylan , Barahona Paulette , Kamili Alvin , Tsoli Maria , Failes Timothy W. , Chow Shu‐Oi , Arndt Greg M. , Bhatia Kanika , Marshall Glenn M. , Ziegler David S. , Haber Michelle , Lock Richard B. , Tyrrell Vanessa , Lau Loretta , Athanasatos Penny , Gifford Andrew J.
Published: May 2021

Background

The development of high‐throughput drug screening (HTS) using primary cultures provides a promising, clinically translatable approach to tailoring treatment strategies for patients with cancer. However, this has been challenging for solid tumors because of often limited amounts of tissue available. In most cases, in vitro expansion is required before HTS, which may lead to overgrowth and contamination by non‐neoplastic cells.

Methods

In this study, hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed on 129 cytopathology cases from 95 patients. These cytopathology cases comprised cell block preparations derived from primary tumor specimens or patient‐derived xenografts as part of a pediatric precision oncology trial. Cytopathology cases were compared with the morphology and immunohistochemical staining profile of the original tumor. Cases were reported as tumor cells present, equivocal, or tumor cells absent. The HTS results from cytopathologically validated cultures were incorporated into a multidisciplinary tumor board report issued to the treating clinician to guide clinical decision making.

Results

On cytopathologic examination, tumor cells were present in 77 of 129 cases (60%) and were absent in 38 of 129 cases (29%), whereas 14 of 129 cases (11%) were equivocal. Cultures that contained tumor cells resembled the tumors from which they were derived.

Conclusions

Cytopathologic examination of tumor cell block preparations is feasible and provides detailed morphologic characterization. Cytopathologic examination is essential for ensuring that samples submitted for HTS contain representative tumor cells and that in vitro drug sensitivity data are clinically translatable.
Octahedral Hexachloro Environment of Dy3+ with Slow Magnetic Relaxation and Luminescent Properties
Authors: Benamara Nesrine , Diop Mayoro , Leuvrey Cédric , Lenertz Marc , Gilliot Pierre , Gallart Mathieu , Bolvin Hélène , Setifi Fatima , Rogez Guillaume , Rabu Pierre , Delahaye Emilie
Published: May 2021

The compound [BiCNIm]3[DyCl6] was synthesized from a nitrile‐functionalized imidazolium ionic liquid [BiCNIm][Cl] and DyCl3 ⋅ 6H2O in acetonitrile using solvothermal conditions. Structural characterization reveals that the Dy3+ ions are in a quasi‐regular octahedral environment, formed by six chloride anions. The magnetic study indicates that this mononuclear compound exhibits a Single Ion Magnet behaviour. This behaviour is compared to that of other mononuclear compounds containing Dy3+ ions in various octahedral environment.
XeF2 Coordination to La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy and Y in Rare‐Earth Metal(III) Tetrafluoridoborates
Authors: Mazej Zoran , Goreshnik Evgeny
Published: May 2021

Removal of volatiles at 243 K from solutions of completely dissolved LnF3 (Ln=La–Dy and Y) and XeF2 (molar ratio 1 : 3) in anhydrous HF acidified with an excess of BF3 resulted in [Ln(XeF2)3](BF4)3 salts. Isolated solids are stable at 298 K and give similar Raman spectra. [La(XeF2)3](BF4)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/m at 150 K. Each La atom is coordinated with three XeF2 ligands. Six F atoms provided by six bridging BF4 units, that connect the neighboring La3+ atoms into columns, complete the nine‐fold coordination of each La atom. Chemical reactions carried out in the same way but with molar ratio LnF3 : XeF2=1 : 1 yielded [Ln(XeF2)](BF4)3 salts (La ‐ Nd). Crystal structures of La and Nd salts are isotypic and crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/m at 150 K (La) and 200 K (Nd). Each Ln center is coordinated by nine fluorine atoms provided by eight BF4 units and one XeF2 ligand. The BF4 groups interconnect the Ln atoms into two‐dimensional layers. With molar ratio LnF3 : XeF2=1 : 2 and the same synthetic approach, only La yielded [La(XeF2)2](BF4)3 salt. Prolonged pumping of [Ln(XeF2)n](BF4)3 (n=3, 2, 1) at 298 K or attempts of the isolation at 298 K resulted in products with lower content of XeF2 or in mixtures of various products. In addition to [Ln(XeF2)](BF4)3 and LnF3/BF3 products, the [Ln(XeF2)]F(BF4)2 salts (Ln=La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy and Y) also formed. The crystal structures of LaF(HF)(BF4)2 and LaF(BF4)2 side products were determined.
1,3‐Diazepine Derivatives: Strategies for Synthesis
Authors: Malki Yohan , Maillard Ludovic T. , Masurier Nicolas
Published: May 2021

The present review describes the methodologies reported for the synthesis of 1,3‐diazepine derivatives. This heterocyclic moiety forms the core structure of many compounds with potent biological activities. Synthetic strategies by ring closure or ring transformation are discussed.
Quantifying the costs of pre- and postcopulatory traits for males: Evidence that costs of ejaculation are minor relative to mating effort
Authors: Chung Meng-Han Joseph , Jennions Michael D. , Fox Rebecca J.
Published: May 2021

Although it is widely stated that both mating behavior and sperm traits are energetically costly for males, we currently lack empirical estimates of the relative costs to males of pre- versus postcopulatory investments. Such estimates require the experimental separation of the act of mating from that of ejaculation, which is a nontrivial logistical challenge. Here, we overcome this challenge using a novel morphological manipulation (gonopodium tip ablation) in the eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) to tease apart investment in mating effort from that in sperm replenishment following ejaculation. We quantified the relative cumulative costs of investing in mating effort and ejaculation by comparing somatic traits and reproductive performance among three types of males: ablated males that could attempt to mate but not ejaculate; unablated males that could both mate and ejaculate; and control males that had no access to females. We show that, after eight weeks, mating investment significantly reduces both body growth and immunocompetence and results in a significant decline in mating effort. In contrast, cumulative investment into sperm replenishment following ejaculation has few detectable effects that are only apparent in smaller males. These minor costs occur despite the fact that G. holbrooki has very high levels of sperm competition and multiple mating by both sexes, which is usually associated with elevated levels of sperm production. Crucially, our study is the first, to our knowledge, to experimentally compare the relative costs of pre- and postcopulatory investment on components of male fitness in a vertebrate.
Developmental toxicity of lead in rats after gestational exposure and the protective role of taurine
Authors: Aglan Hoda Samir , Safar Marwa M , Ain‐Shoka Afaf Abdel‐Moniem , Kandil Asmaa Munir , Gebremedhn Samuel , Salilew‐Wondim Dessie , Schellander Karl , Tesfaye Dawit
Published: May 2021

The present study was conducted to investigate the potential adverse effect of Pb on pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats and their fetuses after maternal exposure, on gestational days (GD) 7–16. The possible protective role of taurine (TA), administered throughout the gestation period (GD 1–20) against Pb toxicity, was also evaluated. Pregnant rats were divided into four groups: Group 1 (control) was given distilled water; Group 2 was exposed to Pb (250 ppm) in drinking water (GD 7–16), whereas Group 3 received TA (50 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage (GD 1–20); Group 4 was exposed to Pb (GD 7–16), whereas pretreated with TA from GD 1 till the end of the gestation period. After termination on GD 20, maternal and embryo‐fetal outcomes were evaluated. Blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical parameters assessment. The results showed that, Pb induced a significant reduction in the maternal body weight, weight gain, uterine and placental weight, in addition to a high incidence of abortion and fetal resorption. Meanwhile, fetuses demonstrated decreased body weight and length, with a high rate of mortality as well as external and skeletal abnormalities. Additionally, Pb induced severe hematological and biochemical alterations in both dams and fetuses. The toxicity of Pb was further emphasized by placental histopathological examination and hepatic DNA fragmentation. Pretreatment with TA greatly attenuated the impact of Pb on both maternal and fetal parameters. Moreover, TA alleviated the incidence of placental damage and hepatic DNA fragmentation. The results highlight the potential prophylaxis role of TA against maternal and developmental Pb toxicity.
Effects of emodin, a plant‐derived anthraquinone, on TGF‐β1‐induced cardiac fibroblast activation and function
Authors: Carver Wayne , Fix Ethan , Fix Charity , Fan Daping , Chakrabarti Mrinmay , Azhar Mohamad
Published: May 2021

Cardiac fibrosis accompanies a number of pathological conditions and results in altered myocardial structure, biomechanical properties and function. The signaling networks leading to fibrosis are complex, contributing to the general lack of progress in identifying effective therapeutic approaches to prevent or reverse this condition. Several studies have shown protective effects of emodin, a plant‐derived anthraquinone, in animal models of fibrosis. A number of questions remain regarding the mechanisms whereby emodin impacts fibrosis. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1) is a potent stimulus of fibrosis and fibroblast activation. In the present study, experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of emodin on activation and function of cardiac fibroblasts following treatment with TGF‐β1. We demonstrate that emodin attenuates TGF‐β1‐induced fibroblast activation and collagen accumulation in vitro. Emodin also inhibits activation of several canonical (SMAD2/3) and noncanonical (Erk1/2) TGF‐β signaling pathways, while activating the p38 pathway. These results suggest that emodin may provide an effective therapeutic agent for fibrosis that functions via specific TGF‐β signaling pathways.
Online channel introduction under contract negotiation: Reselling versus agency selling
Authors: Chen Chongping , Zhuo Xiaopo , Li Yanshan
Published: May 2021

This study investigates manufacturers' online channel introduction strategies by considering two typical retailing formats, namely, reselling and agency selling. Online spillover effect and contract negotiation are considered to make the model more consistent with practice. We find that with a strong bargaining power, the manufacturer will always be profitable when it introduces online channels, whether it is reselling or agency selling. Meanwhile, agency selling is always profitable for the manufacturer than reselling. Interestingly, we find that an incentive alignment exists when two online channels are introduced, where agency selling is profitable for both the manufacturer and the e‐commerce platforms (EPs).