bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Note technique d’implantation d’un réseau de pluviomètres en terrain viticole sur la cote de Beaune (France)
Authors: Pauthier Basile , Bois Benjamin , Castel Thierry , Richard Yves
Published: October 2015

La mesure précise des précipitations est indispensable dans de nombreux domaines et en particulier en viticulture. En domaine viticole, les précipitations sont généralement mesurées par des pluviomètres formant des réseaux peu denses. Dans le cadre du projet Hydravitis, un réseau de 45 pluviomètres a été implanté sur une zone de 28 km² située au nord de Beaune (Bourgogne, France). La méthodologie mise en œuvre est présentée pour chacune des étapes (choix du matériel, contrôle en laboratoire, détermination des sites, installation et entretien, contrôles in situ) de l’implantation de ce réseau. En perspective, le réseau Hydravitis devrait permettre de traiter de multiples questions sur la variabilité spatiale des précipitations au niveau de la zone d’étude et de fournir une base de données permettant la validation d’outils de télédétection comme les systèmes radar météo ou d’outils prédictifs comme les modèles climatiques régionaux ou phytosanitaires.
A catalog of ‘weather types’ in metropolitan France
Authors: Cantat Olivier , Savouret Edwige
Published: October 2015

Weather types allow the reality of atmospheric conditions to be understood on a regional scale and their potentialities and risks envisaged. This summary presents the results for one of metropolitan France’s sixty weather stations from 1991 to 2010.
Ozone spatialization in urban and hinterland areas
Authors: Martin Nicolas , Adnès Cyriel
Published: October 2015

Despite the air-quality monitoring networks run by approved organizations, large numbers of areas in France suffer from a lack of information about air pollution levels. Pollutant modeling enables such information gaps to be filled, albeit with certain limits. The approach used in this article to model average ozone concentrations in the city of Nice is based on environmental regression. The variables used refer to urban morphology, topography and weather conditions. The resulting model allows 70% of spatial variations in ozone pollution in Nice to be explained.
La modélisation : une aide à la gestion de l’irrigation de précision - cas de l’orangeraie d’El-Salam, Nord Sinaï (Egypte)
Authors: Nizinski Jerzy Jan , Montoroi Jean-Pierre , Zaghloul Alaa , Ali Rafat , Saber Mohammed
Published: October 2015

Des études sur l’économie de l’eau dans le Delta du Nil ont été menées en 2011-2013 à l’Institut de Recherche pour le Développement. L’orangeraie El-Salam a été choisie comme station d’étude « étalon ». Ces études concernent le mode de gestion de l’irrigation de précision, avec comme perspective, la mise au point d’un modèle utilisable pour la gestion de l’irrigation d’autres cultures dans l’ensemble du Delta du Nil. Ce modèle de l’évapotranspiration réelle fonctionne avec un pas de temps d’une journée et utilise l’approche de Penman-Monteith qui tient compte de la spécificité d’un couvert. Les variables d’entrée du modèle sont la donnée météorologique standard issue des stations météorologiques du réseau national. Nous avons comparé les doses d’irrigation appliquées à l’orangeraie (I=994,30 mm.an−1; 2,72 mm.jour−1; le coefficient cultural Ea/EP=0,78) avec les besoins en eau issus du modèle (Eacalculée) pour proposer une gestion quotidienne de l’irrigation plus économe en eau. Les pertes en eau (drainage hors de la zone racinaire) sont de 94,570 m3 d’eau an−1 pour l’ensemble de la plantation de 80 ha, soit 1,182 m3 d’eau an−1 ha−1 (-12%). Connaissant le coût élevé d’acheminement de l’eau vers les cultures, ces résultats peuvent être pris en compte dans l’aménagement hydraulique des sites de production.
Impact des haies brise-vent sur le gel printanier en arboriculture
Authors: Quenol Herve , Beltrando Gerard
Published: October 2015

Afin de mieux cerner les facteurs explicatifs de la variabilité spatiale et temporelle du gel en milieu clos, un protocole de mesure de la température en indice actinothermique (IA), des écoulements de l’air superficiel et de l’humidité relative a été mis en place sur un ensemble de parcelles dans un réseau de haies brise-vent. Les mesures ont été réalisées sur 6 parcelles durant 42 nuits gélives entre 1998 et 2002. En situation de gel printanier, le pourcentage de bourgeons gelés a été cartographié pour repérer l’extension spatiale de cet aléa en tenant compte de l’état phénologique des arbres fruitiers. En situation radiative (ciel clair, vent inférieur à 3 m/s), lorsque la haie brise-vent ne bloque pas les écoulements nocturnes, le secteur le plus froid correspond au milieu de la parcelle alors que, quand la haie est quasi imperméable aux écoulements nocturnes superficiels, le plus fort refroidissement se produit en amont de la haie (blocage de l’air froid). En situation froide d’origine advective (autres situations), les résultats montrent que le secteur le plus froid est celui abrité par la haie.
Inversions thermiques et concentrations de polluants atmosphériques dans la basse troposphère de Tunis
Authors: El Melki Taoufik
Published: October 2015

Tunis est la plus grande concentration urbaine de la Tunisie. Elle connaît une très forte pollution atmosphérique due à des activités variées : industries, moyens de transports très divers (un aéroport international, deux ports de commerce, une activité ferroviaire intense et la moitié du parc automobile national). De surcroît, Tunis se niche dans un amphithéâtre topographique formé de collines assez élevées l’entourant en croissant. Dans ces conditions, les inversions thermiques, favorisant la concentration des polluants atmosphériques, représentent des situations atmosphériques à grands risques pour la santé publique. L’analyse des radiosondages de la station météo de Tunis Carthage (1996-2000) confirme que les inversions thermiques représentent un phénomène très fréquent dans la basse troposphère de la ville, à toutes les échelles temporelles. Tous les types confondus, les inversions thermiques (de rayonnement ou de subsidence, de surface ou d’altitude) représentent une fréquence relative très proche de 50% des jours de la période étudiée.

Des mesures de la pollution atmosphérique effectuées par la station de la qualité de l’air de Ben Arous, banlieue sud de la ville de Tunis, ont montré une grande influence des caractères thermodynamiques des masses d’air sur les concentrations des polluants atmosphériques. Les inversions thermiques, qui déterminent la majorité des pics de pollution de la zone d’étude, représentent un exemple de ces situations de stabilité verticale affirmée de la basse troposphère tunisoise. L’ozone (O3), polluant secondaire dépendant dans sa formation et son évolution aussi bien de l’état de la pollution primaire initiale de l’atmosphère que des conditions météorologiques ambiantes, représente le meilleur exemple permettant l’illustration de ces interactions. L’étude d’un exemple précis a montré, par le biais des régressions linéaires multiples, l’influence des conditions météorologiques ambiantes sur les niveaux de concentration de l’ozone.
La « révolution scientifique » de la climatologie pendant la seconde moitie du xxème siecle : le paradigme de l’état du « systeme climatique »
Authors: Douguedroit A.
Published: October 2015

La climatologie a été définie depuis plus d’un siècle comme une « science des états de l’atmosphère » accompagnée du développement des recherches portant sur les études statistiques des éléments climatiques et, au niveau dynamique, sur les types de temps. Elle a vécu à la fin du XXème siècle une « révolution scientifique » (Kuhn, 1972) avec l’apparition d’un nouveau paradigme, celui de la « science des états du système climatique » propulsé par la reconnaissance du changement climatique actuel. Les deux climatologies coexistent en ce début de siècle avec une certaine répartition entre elles des échelles spatiales, l’utilisation du nouveau paradigme étant, du moins jusqu’à maintenant, surtout cantonné à l’échelle planétaire.
Utilisation de MétéoSat et de méthodes statistiques pour le contrôle des données de rayonnement global
Authors: Huard F.
Published: October 2015

Le contrôle des mesures de rayonnement global est une opération délicate en raison de la structure des différents réseaux en France (maillages irréguliers, faible nombre de points d’observation au sol…), et de la forte variabilité spatiale et temporelle de l’irradiation solaire. Il n’existe pas de procédures de contrôle, de validation ou de correction satisfaisantes qui puissent être utilisées en routine au pas de temps quotidien. L’objectif de ce travail est de développer une approche méthodologique permettant l’analyse de la variabilité spatio-temporelle du rayonnement global et la mise au point de procédures de contrôle en “temps réel” des mesures issues du réseau agro-météorologique de l’INRA.

L’extrapolation spatiale du rayonnement, largement utilisée dans le cadre de la gestion de réseaux, ne semble pas en effet, au vu des résultats dans trois régions testées en France (Sud-Est, Sud-Ouest et Bretagne), être une méthode satisfaisante compte tenu de la distance inter-postes moyenne relativement importante (observation d’ailleurs valable pour l’ensemble de la France). L’utilisation directe des données quotidiennes d’irradiation issues du satellite MétéoSat et à partir de la méthode Heliosat 2 peut être un moyen efficace de contrôle des données au sol sous certaines conditions. En effet, si la précision moyenne est de l’ordre 17%, les résultats varient selon les régions et les saisons (7% l’été dans le Sud-Est contre 25% l’hiver dans le Sud-Ouest par exemple). Le krigeage, permet par contre d’améliorer la précision des reconstitutions, elle est de 14% en moyenne mais le gain peut atteindre 8% dans le Sud-Ouest en moyenne l’hiver. L’utilisation du krigeage en routine est par contre freinée par sa lourdeur.

Enfin, l’hypothèse selon laquelle la structure spatiale des champs de rayonnement issus de MétéoSat pourrait être utilisée en la combinant à un point de mesure pour estimer une valeur en n’importe quel site a été testée mais n’a pas abouti à des résultats satisfaisants.

Le bilan de cette étude a permis d’estimer les distances inter-postes critiques au delà desquelles les différentes méthodes de reconstitution trouvent leurs limites. Ainsi, il semble que pour toute estimation pour un point distant de plus d’une vingtaine de kilomètre d’un site de mesure, l’estimation utilisant les données de MétéoSat est préférable à toute autre méthode en dehors de l’interpolation par krigeage.
Evaluation avant construction de l’impact d’un ouvrage linéaire en remblai sur le risque de gel printanier : exemples sur la LGV est-européenne dans le vignoble de Champagne
Authors: Beltrando G. , Quenol H. , Bridier S. , Madelin M.
Published: October 2015

Afin d’évaluer dans un vignoble l’incidence sur la fréquence du gel dommageable (t° < -2°C) que pourrait créer un futur remblai de la Ligne à Grande Vitesse Est européenne, une bâche ayant la longueur et la hauteur de cet ouvrage a été installée sur le site des Fonds de Sillery (sud-est de la ville de Reims). Pour les situations météorologiques de type radiatif, des mesures de la température et des écoulements d’air froid, ont été effectuées, durant le printemps 2001, sur 19 points implantés en amont du futur remblai, simulé par une bâche. La comparaison des résultats sans bâche (2 nuits de mesure), puis avec sa présence (3 nuits), montre que cet ouvrage permettra la formation d’un lac d’air froid en amont du remblai, mais que celui-ci ne devrait pas affecter le vignoble. Sur un autre site, à Vrigny (sud-ouest de Reims), d’autres mesures de températures réalisées avec et sans bâche ont permis de repérer les talwegs d’écoulement. En tenant compte des résultats enregistrés sur le premier site ainsi que de la hauteur de l’ouvrage, une simulation spatiale a été réalisée. Elle montre que quelques hectares de vigne seraient affectés par un refroidissement supplémentaire dû à la présence des murs antibruit de la future ligne. Sur les deux sites, ces résultats ont nécessité des aménagements spécifiques afin de laisser circuler l’air froid pour qu’il n’affecte pas le vignoble.
Impacts des changements climatiques sur le comportement de la végétation dans le fossé Rhénan
Authors: Jaeger L. , Gessler A. , Kastendeuch P. , Kodama N. , Lehner I. , Najjar G. , Parlow E. , Paul P. , Rennenberg H. , Rost J. , Viville D. , Vogt R. , Zygmuntowski M.
Published: October 2015

D’après des résultats de modèles, le changement climatique régional se manifestera par des étés plus chauds et plus secs dans la région du Rhin supérieur en Europe centrale. Comme cette région est déjà la plus chaude et la plus sèche d’Allemagne, le Fossé rhénan apparaît bien adapté à de telles recherches interdisciplinaires. Il conviendrait de savoir quelles modifications dans la disponibilité en eau conduiront à des changements dans les récoltes et dans le stockage du carbone dans l’esprit du protocole de Kyoto. Le groupe de travail international, coordonné par l’Institut de Météorologie à Fribourg en Allemagne, s’est fixé pour objectif de répondre à ces questions. Les plantes-test sélectionnées sont le blé (France), le pin (Allemagne) et le maïs (Suisse). En raison de leur rendement, ces espèces végétales ont des demandes en eau différentes (plantes C3 et C4). Avec des méthodes d’investigations novatrices, il est possible d’expliquer la production de biomasse en fonction de la dynamique complexe de l’offre de carbone atmosphérique et de l’alimentation en eau. Le projet nécessite des mesures simultanées sur les trois sites, associées à des analyses en laboratoire et à un traitement des données. Un des résultats de ce projet sera la présentation de bilans régionaux du carbone. Des méthodes de micrométéorologie et de physiologie végétale sont utilisées conjointement. Une détermination micrométéorologique des flux de CO2 avec la méthode des fluctuations sera confrontée à une évaluation physiologique de la transpiration à l’aide des traceurs 13C et 18O et de mesures porométriques. Un bilan est nécessaire pour estimer la capacité de stockage du carbone de l’écosystème. Ceci permettra aux pays participant au projet de disposer de bases plus précises pour équilibrer les capacités de stockage de carbone par la végétation et les émissions polluantes.
Impact potentiel du changement climatique sur les sécheresses pédologiques en bretagne au 21ème siècle
Authors: Lamy Chloé , Dubreuil Vincent
Published: October 2015

La Bretagne a connu par le passé des sécheresses majeures. Celles-ci ont eu des conséquences dommageables sur des activités importantes pour l’économie de la région, telles que l’agriculture. Dans un contexte de changement climatique, il apparait donc important de cerner les évolutions possibles du risque de sécheresse à l’échelle du territoire. Ces évolutions ont été étudiées à partir de simulations climatiques du modèle Arpège-Climat pour trois scénarios du GIEC : A1B, A2 et B1. Pour suivre les sécheresses pédologiques impactant l’agriculture, un bilan hydrique a été calculé de façon à obtenir un indice de sécheresse : le déficit d’évaporation. Les résultats prévoient une augmentation de l’intensité des sécheresses au cours du 21ème siècle, principalement pour la moitié est du territoire. Le littoral sud serait le secteur le plus sensible à une augmentation de la fréquence et de l’intensité des sécheresses. En termes d’intensité, on dépasserait, dans ce secteur, les valeurs relevées lors de la sécheresse de 1976, toutes choses égales par ailleurs. Ce risque de voir des sécheresses exceptionnelles par le passé devenir communes à moyen terme, impacterait fortement l’agriculture, ainsi que le cycle de l’eau, sur une grande partie de l’année. Cela pourrait entrainer une diminution des écoulements de surface alimentant les quelques nappes phréatiques bretonnes et les zones humides.
A credit-money and structural perspective on the European crisis: why exiting the euro is the answer to the wrong question
Authors: Bellofiore Riccardo , Garibaldo Francesco , Mortagua Mariana
Published: October 2015

Is an exit from the euro possible? Is it desirable? We think that to deal with these questions, which may well not be the right ones just now, what is needed is a preliminary but thorough critique of the views on the European crisis that are most widespread. The heterodox approaches more and more underline a balance-of-payments problem, caused by cumulative differences in relative prices which have led to distinct growth strategies: export-led in the core, and debt-led in the periphery, focused on consumption and real-estate investment. This interpretation overlooks some defining features of current monetary economies, in general, and some specifics of currency areas. In a monetary union it's not possible to have a ‘normal’ balance-of-payments crisis, and a distinction must be made between financing and saving. Moreover, current accounts, based on net flows, exclude underlying changes in gross flows and their contribution to the existing stocks of debt. We also have to deal with the structural divergences in the European economy. To make sense of Europe today and its crisis, we have to take into account the geographical and technological composition of intra-European trade.
No easy balancing act: reducing the balance-of-payments constraint, improving export competitiveness and productivity, and absorbing surplus labor – the Indian experience
Authors: Nabar-Bhaduri Suranjana
Published: October 2015

As per the balance-of-payments constraint hypothesis, in an open economy, achieving a higher long-run rate of growth requires a country to reduce its balance-of-payments constraint through an improved export performance, and the production of import substitutes, which would lower the income elasticity of demand for imports. In developing countries, a sustainable and inclusive process of development also requires the generation of high productivity activities and quality employment. By focusing on the Indian case, this paper shows that even if a developing country manages to reduce its balance-of-payments constraint, concentrated improvements in productivity and employment may remain at the industrial level. Furthermore, a reduction of the balance-of-payments constraint may be more the result of an improvement in the net exports of services than an improvement in the external competitiveness of merchandise exports. Such a services-led reduction of the balance-of-payments constraint may not address the problem of generating large-scale quality employment and making the growth process more inclusive.
O processo civil brasileiro eletrônico na sociedade em rede: uma análise a partir da herança racionalista
Authors: Isaia Cristiano Becker , Rodrigues Alexsandra , Gadenz Danielli
Published: October 2015

Em um mundo conectado, graças à internet, o processo civil vem enfrentando problemas nunca antes experimentados. Ocorre que o atual sistema processual tem tido dificuldade em tutelar com efetividade os novos direitos, em razão da profunda imersão que ainda sofre nas suas raízes racionalistas. Algumas modificações legislativas vêm buscando dar mais celeridade ao processo, tal qual a Lei do Processo Eletrônico, no 11.419/06, que surge como uma tentativa de abertura do Judiciário para o século XXI. Todavia, questiona-se se essa lei realmente modifica a jurisdição processual atual, de modo a garantir a efetividade à prestação jurisdicional nos casos envolvendo a sociedade em rede. No entanto, vislumbra-se ainda um longo caminho ao processo civil, que necessita desapegar-se do paradigma racionalista, ao qual está preso.
Chemical Analysis of Rock and Water from dug Wells in a Residential Area in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Omotoso Mopelola , Amoo Ibrahim
Published: October 2015

Samples of rock deposit dug out from wells at Alimosho local government in Lagos state, Nigeria were characterized for chemical composition and ultimate utilization. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) were used to identify the rock as a mixed clay rock containing 35.04% Illite, 25.64% Illite plus Quartz, 22.20% Kaolinite and 17.09% Feldspar. This was corroborated by cation determination that showed the rock to be predominantly clayey rock. The mean concentrations of lead and copper in water of the wells in the rock location are 0.004mg/L and 0.05mg/L respectively while cadmium is less than detectable limit. The well water in the area studied is therefore not contaminated by these heavy metals. Heavy metals removal by the mixed clay from polluted underground water was studied using AAS. A general increase of sorption was observed with increase in the adsorbent dosage. 20g of the rock adsorbed a higher percentage of copper (80.23%) than lead and cadmium that were 70.25% and 65.83% respectively. The percentage of heavy metals adsorbed confirms the use of mixed clay minerals as a contaminants removal from the underground polluted water. The rock adsorbed copper readily than cadmium and lead. The maximum amount of lead removed from the contaminated underground water of the defunct battery site across the adsorbent dosage (5g, 10g, 15g and 20g) were 1.20mg/L, 3.19mg/L, 3.69mg/L and 4.09mg/L respectively indicating the effect of increase in adsorbent dosage in remediating the lead contaminated water. This data showed that the rock can be used to remove these heavy metals from contaminated water.
Directors’ Disqualification in the Netherlands
Authors: Reker Tom
Published: October 2015

Directors’ Disqualification in the Netherlands: An International Comparative Re-Evaluation of an Amended Disqualification Proposal

In response to the effects of the global financial crisis on bankruptcy tendencies and the role of fraudulent company directors within that context, the Dutch government has introduced a proposal for a civil law directors’ disqualification instrument. This proposal aims to prevent both fraudulent conduct (by barring directors) and financial harm to corporate stakeholders, as well as to safeguard competitiveness and the trust which is necessary for effective trade. The fact that Dutch criminal law already allows for disqualification of directors in certain circumstances, which are partly similar to those in the proposal, raises doubts about the necessity of a civil law equivalent. This article concludes that the current proposal seems to have lost value vis-à-vis an earlier draft due to alterations to the disqualification and exculpation criteria, which may result in an overlap of the civil law and criminal law instruments. Consequently, there is a more pressing need for demarcation and reallocation of certain aspects of the proposal. By comparing the proposal with foreign (UK, US, Australian and German) counterparts, several suggestions are formulated to both counteract the overlap which the proposal may cause in Dutch law and to contribute to a model of effective disqualification instruments in general.
Corporate Social Responsibility via Shareholders’ Proposals
Authors: Godoy Uson Maria Paz
Published: October 2015

Corporate Social Responsibility via Shareholders’ Proposals

Can shareholders’ proposals be considered as a mainstream alternative to incorporate social and environmental policies into the core businesses strategy? Proposing non-financial resolutions at the general meeting of shareholders is a form of shareholders’ activism that is shaping company’s direction. The American court case Lovenheim v. Iroquois Brands, Ltd. confirms that social and environmental issues, when significantly related to the core business, can give rise to new business directions firmly promoted by shareholders, resting authorial power to the board of directors in conducting the company’s direction. The US SEC Rule 14a-8 is widely used by social activists and institutional investors to influence the direction of business in becoming more sustainable. In virtue of the American Rule 14a-8, shareholders may include proposals in the company’s proxy materials and, thereby, compel a vote on the issue at the annual shareholders’ meeting. The result is that American shareholders’ proposals are being considered as an effective gateway to improve corporations’ social and environmental behaviour. This article examines, from a comparative perspective, the further developments of shareholders’ social proposals with the attempt to incorporate social and environmental policies into the core business. The article also suggests that the increasing demand of social proposals promoted by American shareholders versus the limited activity of shareholders’ proposals in Continental European jurisdictions is precipitating the process of converge between the main corporate governance models; the shareholder-oriented model and the stakeholder-oriented model, respectively. The issue of CSR via shareholders’ proposals as presented here is primarily based on literature and various cases related to SEC 14a-8, more in particular on lessons drawn from Lovenheim v. Iroquois Brands, Ltd.
“Shalom, Shalom, Shalom Israel!” Jews and Judaism in Helmut Gollwitzer’s Life and Theology
Authors: McMaken W. Travis
Published: October 2015

This essay examines the place of Israel in the life and thought of Helmut Gollwitzer, an important German theologian of the mid-twentieth century. It examines his experiences with the Confessing Church struggle against the Nazi Reich, his solidarity with the Jewish people in the wake of the November 1938 pogrom, and his leadership in Jewish-Christian dialogue after the conclusion of the second world war. The essay ends with suggestions from Gollwitzer's example for Christians who engage in Jewish-Christian dialogue today.
Prophetic Matrix and Theological Paradox: Jews and Judaism in the Holy Week and Pascha Observances of the Greek Orthodox Church
Authors: Azar Michael G.
Published: October 2015

No abstract is available.
The Pope Francis Effect and Catholic-Jewish Relations
Authors: Marans Noam E.
Published: October 2015

No abstract is available.
Michal Bar-Asher Siegal. Early Christian Monastic Literature and the Babylonian Talmud
Authors: Zellentin Holger
Published: October 2015

No abstract is available.
Katherina von Kellenbach. The Mark of Cain: Guilt and Denial in the Post-War Lives of Nazi Perpetrators
Authors: Millen Rochelle L.
Published: October 2015

No abstract is available.
Michael L. Morgan and Steven Weitzman, Eds. Rethinking the Messianic Idea in Judaism
Authors: Brody Samuel Hayim
Published: October 2015

No abstract is available.
Gavin D’Costa. Vatican II: Catholic Doctrines on Jews and Muslims
Authors: Fredericks James L.
Published: October 2015

No abstract is available.
Franklin Sherman, Ed. Bridges: Documents of the Christian-Jewish Dialogue
Authors: Barnett Victoria J.
Published: October 2015

No abstract is available.
Josef Shatzmiller. Cultural Exchange: Jews, Christians, and Art in the Medieval Marketplace
Authors: Schnitzer Merav
Published: October 2015

No abstract is available.
Thomas G. Casey and Justin Taylor, Eds. Paul's Jewish Matrix
Authors: Novenson Matthew V.
Published: October 2015

No abstract is available.
Paola Tartakoff. Between Christian and Jew: Conversion and Inquisition in the Crown of Aragon, 1250-1391
Authors: Fancy Hussein
Published: October 2015

No abstract is available.
Yaacov Ariel. An Unusual Relationship: Evangelical Christians and Jews
Authors: Kaell Hillary
Published: October 2015

No abstract is available.
Coordinated airglow observations between IMAP/VISI and a ground‐based all‐sky imager on concentric gravity wave in the mesopause
Authors: Perwitasari S. , Sakanoi T. , Yamazaki A. , Otsuka Y. , Hozumi Y. , Akiya Y. , Saito A. , Shiokawa K. , Kawamura S.
Published: October 2015

We present a study of concentric gravity waves (CGWs) event from the coordinated observation between Ionosphere, Mesosphere, upper Atmosphere, and Plasmasphere mapping (IMAP)/Visible and near‐Infrared Spectral Imager (VISI), all‐sky camera at Rikubetsu, Multi‐functional Transport Satellite (MTSAT), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, and MF radar at Wakkanai combined with Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Application data. IMAP/VISI is the first space‐based imager that capable of imaging the airglow in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region in the nadir‐looking direction. Therefore, it has a unique ability to observe a great extend of CGWs propagation. Arc‐like shaped, part of CGWs pattern was observed around the mesopause (~95 km) in the O2 762 nm airglow emission obtained by IMAP/VISI at 1204 UT on 18 October 2012. Similar patterns were also observed by the all‐sky imager at Rikubetsu (43.5°N, 143.8°E) in OI 557.7 nm and OH band airglow emissions from ~1100 to 1200 UT. Horizontal wavelengths of the observed small‐scale gravity waves are ~50 km (OH band and OI 557.7 nm) and ~67 km (O2 762 nm). The source is suggested to be a deep convective activity over Honshu Island which likely was an enhanced convective activity related to a typhoon in the south of Japan. The data showed that the CGWs could propagate up to ~1400–1500 km horizontally from the source to the mesopause but not farther away. Using atmospheric temperature profiles obtained by Thermospheric Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry, we conclude that this long‐distance propagation of the waves could be caused by thermal duct in the middle atmosphere. The arc‐like shaped instead of full circle pattern points out that the wind filtering effect is significant for the particular direction of wave propagation.
Synthesis of P‐Stereogenic Tetraphosphacrowns
Authors: Kato Ryosuke , Morisaki Yasuhiro , Chujo Yoshiki
Published: October 2015

Synthetic routes to enantiopure P‐stereogenic tetraphosphacrowns, containing four chiral phosphorus atoms, using a P‐stereogenic secondary bisphosphine are reported. 18‐Tetraphosphacrown‐6 and 24‐tetraphosphacrown‐8 derivatives were prepared by a single‐step and multistep method, respectively, and their characterizations are described in detail. Removal of boranes from the 24‐tetraphosphacrown‐8 derivative and subsequent complexation with platinum(II) are also described.
Intramolecular Fluorocyclizations of Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids with a Stable Hypervalent Fluoroiodane Reagent
Authors: Geary Gemma C. , Hope Eric G. , Stuart Alison M.
Published: October 2015

A new class of fluorinated lactones was prepared by the intramolecular fluorocyclizations of unsaturated carboxylic acids by using the stable fluoroiodane reagent in combination with AgBF4. This unique reaction incorporates a cyclization, an aryl migration, and a fluorination all in one step. The fluoroiodane reagent, prepared easily from fluoride, can also be used without a metal catalyst to give moderate yields within just 1 hour, thus demonstrating that it is a suitable reagent for developing new 18F‐labelled radiotracers for PET imaging.
Syntheses of Isoquinoline and Substituted Quinolines in Charged Microdroplets
Authors: Banerjee Shibdas , Zare Richard N.
Published: October 2015

A Pomeranz–Fritsch synthesis of isoquinoline and Friedländer and Combes syntheses of substituted quinolines were conducted in charged microdroplets produced by an electrospray process at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. In the bulk phase, all of these reactions are known to take a long time ranging from several minutes to a few days and to require very high acid concentrations. In sharp contrast, the present report provides clear evidence that all of these reactions occur on the millisecond timescale in the charged microdroplets without the addition of any external acid. Decreasing the droplet size and increasing the charge of the droplet both strongly contribute to reaction rate acceleration, suggesting that the reaction occurs in a confined environment on the charged surface of the droplet.
Assembly of Tungsten‐Oxide‐Based Pentagonal Motifs in Solution Leads to Nanoscale {W48}, {W56}, and {W92} Polyoxometalate Clusters
Authors: Zhan Cai‐Hong , Winter Ross S. , Zheng Qi , Yan Jun , Cameron Jamie M. , Long De‐Liang , Cronin Leroy
Published: October 2015

We report an approach to synthesize molecular tungsten‐oxide‐based pentagonal building blocks, in a new {W21O72} unit, and show how this leads to a family of gigantic molecular architectures including [H12W48O164]28− {W48}, [H20W56O190]24− {W56}, and [H12W92O311]58− {W92}. The {W48} and {W56} clusters are both dimeric species incorporating two {W21} units and the {W56} species is the first example of a molecular metal oxide cluster containing a chiral “double‐stranded” motif which is stable in solution as confirmed by mass spectrometry. The {W92} anion having four {W21} units is one of the largest transition metal substituted isopolyoxotungstates known.
Nanocrystalline TiO2, via green combustion synthesis, as an efficient and reusable catalyst for the preparation of 1,8‐dioxooctahydroxanthenes and 1,8‐dioxodecahydroacridines
Authors: Eidi Esmaiel , Kassaee Mohammad Zaman , Nasresfahani Zahra
Published: October 2015

Nanocrystalline TiO2 is synthesized using a green combustion method and used as a recyclable catalyst for the one‐pot multicomponent synthesis of 1,8‐dioxodecahydroacridines and 1,8‐dioxooctahydroxanthenes, under solvent‐free conditions. This method is mild, environmentally friendly, inexpensive and highly effective for obtaining good to excellent yields of the products. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic structuring among populations of the great egret, Ardea alba egretta, in major Brazilian wetlands
Authors: Corrêa Thaís Camilo , Del Lama Silvia Nassif , De Souza Juliana Rossi , Miño Carolina Isabel
Published: October 2015

Waterbirds are increasingly affected by climate change and human disturbances to the wetlands on which they roost, forage and breed. The evolutionary response of populations to such changes is influenced by genetic variability and gene flow patterns, which enable long‐term survival. Thus, genetic monitoring of waterbird populations can provide valuable information to support conservation measures and management policies for wetlands.

This study assessed past and contemporary levels of genetic diversity, estimated effective population sizes (Ne) and investigated gene flow patterns among populations of the great egret,Ardea alba egretta, settled in major Brazilian wetlands.

Samples (N= 200) were collected from the northern, central western, south‐eastern and southern regions of Brazil. AMOVA,F‐statistics, assignment tests, Bayesian clustering analyses andNewere estimated based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and microsatellite loci.

The populations share most mitochondrial haplotypes, suggesting a common recent past. Mismatch analyses,FsandDstatistics, andSSDandRgindices indicated significant signs of expansion in most populations. The time since expansion suggests that egrets colonized southern latitudes more recently, probably accompanying the supposed historical environmental changes in South America, with more stable habitats toward equatorial regions.

MtDNA ФSTrevealed significant differentiation between the northern and both the central western and southern populations. Nuclear loci demonstrated significant structuring between the central western and southern populations, which showed similar effective sizes.

Despite the considerable dispersal potential of the great egret, there is limited gene flow among populations located in different Brazilian wetlands. Therefore, colonies from different regions should be preserved, with special attention to the northern populations, whose allelic constitution differs from the other. This approach can be used to genetically monitor similar species in other wetlands or to great egret populations in other regions of the Americas.

Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying diagnostically‐relevant resting state brain functional connectivity in the ventral posterior complex via genetic data mining in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Baldwin Philip R. , Curtis Kaylah N. , Patriquin Michelle A. , Wolf Varina , Viswanath Humsini , Shaw Chad , Sakai Yasunari , Salas Ramiro
Published: October 2015

Exome sequencing and copy number variation analyses continue to provide novel insight to the biological bases of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The growing speed at which massive genetic data are produced causes serious lags in analysis and interpretation of the data. Thus, there is a need to develop systematic genetic data mining processes that facilitate efficient analysis of large datasets. We report a new genetic data mining system, ProcessGeneLists and integrated a list of ASD‐related genes with currently available resources in gene expression and functional connectivity of the human brain. Our data‐mining program successfully identified three primary regions of interest (ROIs) in the mouse brain: inferior colliculus, ventral posterior complex of the thalamus (VPC), and parafascicular nucleus (PFn). To understand its pathogenic relevance in ASD, we examined the resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) of the homologous ROIs in human brain with other brain regions that were previously implicated in the neuro‐psychiatric features of ASD. Among them, the RSFC of the VPC with the medial frontal gyrus (MFG) was significantly more anticorrelated, whereas the RSFC of the PN with the globus pallidus was significantly increased in children with ASD compared with healthy children. Moreover, greater values of RSFC between VPC and MFG were correlated with severity index and repetitive behaviors in children with ASD. No significant RSFC differences were detected in adults with ASD. Together, these data demonstrate the utility of our data‐mining program through identifying the aberrant connectivity of thalamo‐cortical circuits in children with ASD. Autism Res 2016, 9: 553–562. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collision‐induced Energy Transfer between Toluene and Halogen Molecules and CH Bond Dissociation
Authors: Ree Jongbaik , Seo Hanna , Lee Sang Kwon , Shin Hyung Kyu
Published: October 2015

A quasi‐classical trajectory approach is used to study vibrational relaxation and CH bond dissociation in toluene–halogen molecule collisions at 300 K. The overall interaction energy includes Morse‐type intramolecular terms of toluene and halogen, and Morse‐type intermolecular terms between toluene and halogen. All important bond stretching, bending, and intramolecular coupling terms in toluene are considered in solving the equations of motion. The main vibrational relaxation pathway by the highly excited toluene is from vibration to translation. The intermolecular vibration‐to‐vibration pathway is negligible. As the mass increases from F2
to I2
, the energy loss by toluene decreases, whereas the extent of CH bond dissociation increases as a larger amount of vibrational energy remains in toluene for intramolecular flow to the bond. The dissociation probability of methyl CH bond is significantly higher than that of ring CH bond as the low‐frequency CCCH3
bending vibration plays the role of an efficient conduit of energy flow.
Quinolines Formation by Condensation of Heteroaromatic Ketones and 2‐Aminobenzophenones under MW Irradiation
Authors: Cho Soo Kyung , Song Ju Hyun , Lee Eon Jin , Lee Do‐Hun , Hahn Jung‐Tai , Jung Dai‐Il
Published: October 2015

Microwave (MW) irradiation facilitated synthesis provides fast, safe, simple, and green reaction conditions. MW irradiation of 2‐aminobenzophenones with heteroaromatic ketones afforded quinolines via Friedlander condensation in high yields with intact halogen substituents for further modifications. Dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocines were found as minor products and in some instances as the only products as the result of self‐condensation of 2‐aminobenzophenones. Different acid catalysts were found to affect these cyclization processes. Mini library of quinolines and dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocines were created in order to understand the substituents effect on the reaction. Resultant quinolines and dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocines are anticipated to serve as an interesting library for high throughput screening of various biological applications.
Molecular neuropathology of the synapse in sheep with CLN5 Batten disease
Authors: Amorim Inês S. , Mitchell Nadia L. , Palmer David N. , Sawiak Stephen J. , Mason Roger , Wishart Thomas M. , Gillingwater Thomas H.
Published: October 2015

Aims

Synapses represent a major pathological target across a broad range of neurodegenerative conditions. Recent studies addressing molecular mechanisms regulating synaptic vulnerability and degeneration have relied heavily on invertebrate and mouse models. Whether similar molecular neuropathological changes underpin synaptic breakdown in large animal models and in human patients with neurodegenerative disease remains unclear. We therefore investigated whether molecular regulators of synaptic pathophysiology, previously identified in Drosophila and mouse models, are similarly present and modified in the brain of sheep with CLN5 Batten disease.

Methods

Gross neuropathological analysis of CLN5 Batten disease sheep and controls was used alongside postmortem MRI imaging to identify affected brain regions. Synaptosome preparations were then generated and quantitative fluorescent Western blotting used to determine and compare levels of synaptic proteins.

Results

The cortex was particularly affected by regional neurodegeneration and synaptic loss in CLN5 sheep, whilst the cerebellum was relatively spared. Quantitative assessment of the protein content of synaptosome preparations revealed significant changes in levels of seven out of eight synaptic neurodegeneration proteins investigated in the motor cortex, but not cerebellum, of CLN5 sheep (α‐synuclein, CSP‐α, neurofascin, ROCK2, calretinin, SIRT2, and UBR4).

Conclusions

Synaptic pathology is a robust correlate of region‐specific neurodegeneration in the brain of CLN5 sheep, driven by molecular pathways similar to those reported in Drosophila and rodent models. Thus, large animal models, such as sheep, represent ideal translational systems to develop and test therapeutics aimed at delaying or halting synaptic pathology for a range of human neurodegenerative conditions.
Fully Oriented Bilirubin Oxidase on Porphyrin‐Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Electrodes for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Lalaoui Noémie , Le Goff Alan , Holzinger Michael , Cosnier Serge
Published: October 2015

The efficient immobilization and orientation of bilirubin oxidase from Myrothecium verrucaria on multi‐walled carbon nanotube electrodes by using π‐stacked porphyrins as a direct electron‐transfer promoter is reported. By comparing the use of different types of porphyrin, the rational effect of the porphyrin structure on both the immobilization and orientation of the enzyme is demonstrated. The best performances were obtained for protoporphyrin IX, which is the natural precursor of bilirubin. These electrodes exhibit full orientation of the enzyme, as confirmed by the observable non‐catalytic redox system corresponding to the T1 copper center associated with pure Nernstian electrocatalytic behavior with high catalytic currents of almost 5 mA cm−2 at neutral pH.
Complicated Acute Aortic Syndromes Affecting the Descending Thoracic Aorta: Endovascular Treatment Compared With Open Repair
Authors: Eid‐Lidt Guering , Gaspar Hernández Jorge , González‐Pacheco Hector , Acevedo Gómez Pablo , Ramírez Marroquín Samuel , Herrera Alarcon Valentín , Cervantes Salazar Jorge , Martínez‐Ríos Marco
Published: October 2015

Background

For patients with complicated acute thoracic aortic syndromes, endovascular treatment, when feasible, is preferred over open surgery. However, there are limited data on the long‐term benefits of endovascular treatment in complicated acute aortic syndromes affecting the descending thoracic aorta.

Hypothesis

The endovascular treatment is expected to have more favorable long‐term mortality and fewer late reintervention in complicated acute thoracic aortic syndromes.

Methods

Of 155 consecutive patients with acute aortic syndromes, 94 met the inclusion criteria of the study; 63 underwent endovascular repair (group 1) and 31 underwent open repair (group 2). Patients with a diagnosis of acute aortic syndrome localized in the descending thoracic aorta distal to the emergence of the left subclavian artery, complicated by rupture, malperfusion syndrome, and/or acute aortic expansion, were included. Indications for repair of the descending thoracic aorta included impending rupture in 70.2%, malperfusion syndrome in 29.8%, and persistence of pain with aortic expansion (aortic diameter >40 mm) in 2 patients.

Results

During the follow‐up period (63.0 ± 24.6 months), the cumulative survival free from cardiovascular death rates at 5 years was 92.0% and 51.4% in group 1 and 2, respectively (log rank P = 0.0001). Late mortality related to the aorta was 1.6% with thoracic endovascular aortic repair and 0% with surgical treatment.

Conclusions

Endovascular treatment in patients with complicated acute thoracic aortic syndromes localized at the descending thoracic aorta is feasible and safe, with a lower rate of early complications and similar long‐term benefits when compared with surgical treatment.
Dual Purpose System for Water Treatment From a Polluted River and the Production of Pistia stratiotes Biomass Within a Biorefinery
Authors: Robles‐Pliego Mariana , Olguín Eugenia J. , Hernández‐Landa Javier , González‐Portela Ricardo E. , Sánchez‐Galván Gloria , Cuervo‐López Flor
Published: October 2015

The use of lagoons with floating aquatic plants for the treatment of a polluted urban river with recovery of Pistia stratiotes biomass was investigated. A first group of experiments was performed during spring, comparing three different media: synthetic wastewater (SWW), water from the Sordo River (WSR), and WSR amended with fertilizer (WSR + F). The second and third experiments were performed during summer and winter, respectively, using only WSR. During spring, the productivity in WSR and WSR + F was similar between them and significantly higher compared to the one observed in the SWW: 0.949 versus 0.379 g dry weight (dw) m−2 day−1, respectively. During summer, the productivity in the WSR was similar to the one observed in spring but significantly different to the one registered in winter: 0.946 versus 0.347 g dw m−2 day−1. During spring and summer, the uptake rate of ammonium nitrogen was significantly higher compared to the one registered for nitrate, although in winter there were no differences between such rates. For phosphates, the removal percentage was similar in spring and winter (96.25 and 99.1%, respectively). It was concluded that this system serves a dual purpose, treating water from a polluted river effectively and producing high biomass yield during spring and summer.