bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhaled Biologicals for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Sala Valentina , Murabito Alessandra , Ghigo Alessandra
Published: October 2018

Background:

Cystic Fibrosis (CF), one of the most frequent genetic diseases, is characterized by the production of viscous mucus in several organs. In the lungs, mucus clogs the airways and traps bacteria, leading to recurrent/resistant infections and lung damage. For cystic fibrosis patients, respiratory failure is still lethal in early adulthood since available treatments display incomplete efficacy.

Objective:

The objective of this review is to extend the current knowledge in the field of available treatments for cystic fibrosis. A special focus has been given to inhaled peptide-based drugs.

Methods:

The current review is based on recent and/or relevant literature and patents already available in various scientific databases, which include PubMed, PubMed Central, Patentscope and Science Direct. The information obtained through these diverse databases is compiled, critically interpreted and presented in the current study. An in-depth but not systematic approach to the specific research question has been adopted.

Results:

Recently, peptides have been proposed as possible pharmacologic agents for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Of note, peptides are suitable to be administered by inhalation to maximize efficacy and reduce systemic side effects. Moreover, innovative delivery carriers have been developed for drug administration through inhalation, allowing not only protection against proteolysis, but also a prolonged and controlled release.

Conclusion:

Here, we summarize newly patented peptides that have been developed in the last few years and advanced technologies for inhaled drug delivery to treat cystic fibrosis.
Performa produksi Broiler starter akibat cekaman panas dan perbedaan awal waktu pemberian pakan
Authors: Ximenes Liborio , Trisunuwati Pratiwi , Muharlien Muharlien
Published: October 2018

The study was conducted to know performance (feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion) response of broiler starter due to heat stress and different initial feeding. The material used in this study was 64 male DOC broilers of Lohmann strain with average of initial weight 47,98 ± 2,24 g. The experiment was designed based on Randomized Blok Design with 2x2 factorial and four replications. The treatment combinations as follow: S1W1= low temperature, feeding 12 hours post-hatching; S1W2 = low temperature, feeding 24 hours post-hatching; S2W1= high temperature, feeding 12 hours post-hatching; S2W2 = high temperature, feeding 24 hours post-hatching. The data were analyzed by using ANOVA. If there was significant effect (P<0.05) or very significant effect (P<0.01) followed by Duncan’s test. The result showed that feed consumption had very significant effect (P<0.01) due to heat stress treatment and initial feeding. The initial feeding treatment had significant effect (P<0.05) to the body weight gain and feed conversion. It concluded that heat stress affected negatively to the performance of broiler starter. The initial feeding has significantly affected to the feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion in broiler starter.
Modeling of maintenance systems for railway infrastructure facilities based on the theory of mass service
Authors: Shabel’Nikov A. N. , Shapovalova Yu. V.
Published: October 2018

The article is substantiated the necessity of intro-and dynamics of change are proposed to be implemented within ducing the mechanism of predictable maintenance of railway trans-the framework of a specially created decision support system. It port infrastructure into the practice of the transportation process. was also proposed to use the mathematical apparatus of queuing The functions of object monitoring, diagnostics of their condition theory to implement the tasks of analyzing and synthesizing the structure and functions of the system for organizing maintenance of transport infrastructure facilities. Within the framework of this tool, a mathematical model for the synthesis of maintenance systems for railway infrastructure facilities was constructed and analyzed, and a network of queuing systems describing monitoring, diagnostics and maintenance of these facilities was considered. The analysis technique of the infrastructure objects includes the procedure for structuring the railway transport object in the form of a combination of queuing systems and queuing networks, analysis of their parameters, analysis and optimization of information flows in queuing networks. The features of the application of the developed model for the solution of three practical problems are analyzed: technical and commercial inspection of trains at the sorting station reception, identification and correction of wheelset defects on thermal anomalies, development of a system for diagnosing the negative dynamics of freight cars. A model is described that allows calculating the main parameters (service intensity, service time and location in network) for a network that includes the source of applications (the transportation process), the diagnostic subsystems (as part of the decision support system - DSS) and the maintenance depoes.
MARX AND THE “LAW OF VALUE”. A CRITICAL APPRAISAL ON THE OCCASION OF HIS 200TH BIRTHDAY
Authors: Kurz Heinz D.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

The paper celebrates Karl Marx’ 200th birthday in terms of a critical discussion of the “law of value” and the idea that “abstract labour”, and not any use value, is the common third of any two commodities that exchange for one another in a given proportion. It is argued that this view is difficult to sustain. It is also the source of the wretched and unnecessary “transformation problem”. Ironically, as Piero Sraffa has shown, prices of production and the general rate of profits are fully determined in terms of the same set of data from which Marx started his analysis.

MARX Y LA “LEY DEL VALOR”. UNA EVALUACIÓN CRÍTICA CON MOTIVO DE SU BICENTENARIO

RESUMEN

En este artículo conmemoro el bicentenario de Karl Marx mediante una discusión crítica de la “ley del valor” y de la idea de que el “trabajo abstracto”, y no ningún valor de uso, es el tercer elemento común de las mercancías que se ntercambian entre sí en una proporción determinada. Argumento que es difícil sostener este punto de vista. Esto también es la fuente del infortunado e innecesario problema de la transformación”. Irónicamente, como lo demostró Piero Sraffa, los precios de producción y la tasa general de ganancia se determinan de forma completa en términos del mismo conjunto de datos a partir del cual Marx inició su análisis.

 
On Formalisms and Interpretations
Authors: Baumann Veronika , Wolf Stefan
Published: October 2018

One of the reasons for the heated debates around the interpretations of quantum theory is a simple confusion between the notions of formalism versus interpretation. In this note, we make a clear distinction between them and show that there are actually two inequivalent quantum formalisms, namely the relative-state formalism and the standard formalism with the Born and measurement-update rules. We further propose a different probability rule for the relative-state formalism and discuss how Wigner's-friend-type experiments could show the inequivalence with the standard formalism. The feasibility in principle of such experiments, however, remains an open question.
Осесимметричное деформирование направленно армированной оболочки в условиях радиационного облучения
Authors: Гарибов Р Б.
Published: October 2018

Рассматривается задача моделирования поведения армированной бетонной цилиндрической оболочки в условиях радиационного облучения. Получены разрешающие уравнения для оболочки, учитывающие совместное действие нагрузки и радиационного облучения. Считается, что механические характеристки бетона и арматуры зависят от дозы облучения. Учитывается также неодинаковая работа бетона на растяжение и сжатие. При выводе используется прием замены дискретного армирования в каждом направлении некоторым эквивалентным слоем. Для решения полученных уравнений предложено использовать шаговую по времени методику с нахождением на каждом шаге закона распределения дозы облучения по телу оболочки, деформации распухания, а по ним законов распределения механических характеристик бетона и арматуры с учетом влияния облучения и характера напряженного состояния.
REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DE MULHERES EM SITUAÇÃO DE VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA
Authors: Sales Dos Santos Eluzinete , Reis De Sousa Tamires , Nagib Boery Eduardo
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: Este estudo objetiva identificar a produção científica nacional relacionada à violência doméstica contra a mulher nos últimos cinco anos. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura e os descritores utilizados foram: “mulher”, “violência doméstica”, “violência”, “tipos de violência”, após a aplicação de critérios de inclusão, 13 artigos foram selecionados para a discussão. Resultados: 61,5% dos artigos analisados relataram que a violência física é o principal tipo de violência contra a mulher, 76,9% apontaram o companheiro ou ex companheiro como agressor na maioria dos casos, e todos os artigos que discutiam sobre o local da agressão afirmaram que a maior parte dos casos a violência ocorre na residência da vítima. Conclusões: Ficou evidenciado que a violência contra a mulher fica restrita muitas vezes à violência física, apesar desta sofrer outras formas de violência, como a psicológica, patrimonial e sexual, sendo difícil identificá-las, devida a falta de conhecimento sobre o tema e o despreparo na abordagem da vítima, mostrando a importância de estudos abordando outros tipos de violência, com o intuito de sensibilizar a sociedade sobre esta questão.
PLS ratios negotiability: A repeated game incentive mechanism approach
Authors: EL Fakir Adil , Tkiouat Mohamed
Published: October 2018

PLS contracts in Islamic finance are fair economic practices as they focus on sharing profits and loss between the project’s participants. Despite its ethical dimension, moral hazards and adverse selection are the paramount risks in this type of contracts. In this paper we seek reducing moral hazards in the form of the entrepreneur’s effort shirking and if a project optimum lifetime can be identified. To answer these questions, we use a game theory approach in one stage and in a repeated framework. Under each scenario, the participants either fix the capital contributions or negotiate over the sharing ratio or vice-versa. We found theoretical evidence that cooperation can be sustained over a one period game. Cooperation can be sustained in a repeated game only if an appropriate monetary incentive is introduced. However, this incentive can only be given for a specific period before the project’s NPV starts to drop. Indeed, we managed to find that period, called duration, for which the financier NPV is maximized. This duration can be proposed to be used as the optimum lifetime of the contract.
Optical properties of annealed As30Te67Ga3 thin films grown by thermal evaporation
Authors: Abd-Elnaiem Alaa , Moustafa Samar
Published: October 2018

Chalcogenide glasses have received lots of attention because of their
superior optical properties. To optimize these properties and expand areas of
applications, more studies are required to establish the extent to which the
parameters can be tuned over a wide range of annealing temperatures and
heating rates. To do this, bulk and thin ?150 nm As30Te67Ga3 films were
prepared by melt-quenching and thermal evaporation techniques, respectively.
The phase transition was investigated using differential scanning calorimeter
(DSC) while the crystal structures were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Characteristic temperatures such as the glass transition, crystallization and
melting temperature of the bulk glass were found to depend on the heating
rate. The activation energy of glass transition was 167.29 kJ/mol while the
energy of crystallization was 103.98 kJ/mol. XRD results indicated that the
annealed films showed more crystallinity, larger average crystallite size,
lower dislocation density and lower strain as annealing temperature
increased. According to the Avrami exponent, a combination of two and
three-dimensional crystal growth with heterogeneous nucleation are possible
mechanisms for the crystallization process. Moreover, optical constants such
as the optical band gap, refractive index, extinction coefficient,
high-frequency dielectric constants, real and imaginary parts of dielectric
constants were found to strongly depend on the annealing temperature. The
optical energy gap decreased from 1.1 to 0.89 eV as the annealing temperature
increased from 373 to 433K. These results indicate that thermal annealing is
a major factor that can be used to tune the crystal structure, and hence the
optical properties of As30Te67Ga3 system.
Nollien tavanomaisuus ja tarpeellisuus
Authors: Jokela Hanna
Published: October 2018

Arvioitu teos

T. Givón: The story of zero. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company 2017. 414 s. isbn 978-90-272-1239-9.
Perustietoa Unkarin paikannimistä
Authors: Aalto Tiina
Published: October 2018

Arvioitu teos

István Hoffmann, Anita Rácz & Valéria Tóth: History of Hungarian toponyms. Berlin: Buske 2017. 310 s. isbn 978-3-87548-844-9.
Brief Overview About Project Management
Authors: Konika Fnu
Published: October 2018

This paper tells that how project management works with all the resources which is needed in doing any project. Resources are very essential part of project management. A comprehensive literature says about the project management what methods should be done in doing any project. There are different methods for doing any project for example building properties and commercials have their own method. The model highlights that what are the requirements are needed to do any project and how project can be done. This covers all the factors on which project management is dependent. The project management depends on various sources in which they all have different role. Every source is required to manage a project. The model is used for the projects to make them better and understanding projects. In this various things about ding a project is mentioned. The paper shows how project management depend on other variables and how projects are managed by other independent variable.
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PEMILIHAN GURU BIDANG STUDI KOMPUTER MENGGUNAKAN METODE SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING (SAW)
Authors: Simarmata Janner , Limbong Tonni , Aritonang Mendarissan , Sriadhi Sriadhi
Published: October 2018

Guru merupakan salah satu komponen paling penting dimiliki oleh sekolah dalam memperlangsungkan hidup, yang menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi pihak pengelola lembaga pendidikan untuk dapat memberikan suatu keputusan yang tepat, efektif dan efisien dalam pengelolaan data dalam persaingan didunia bisnis yang makin kompetitif memacu sekolah untuk berupaya lebih keras dalam meningkatkan kualitas sekolahnya. Sistem Pendukung Keputusan atau SPK penentuan pemilihan guru dengan metode (SAW) menghasilkan suatu sistem yang dapat menentukan suatu pilihan yang dapat membantu kajur dalam membuat keputusan. Metode simple additive weight (SAW) yang menerapkan rata–rata terbobot untuk menghitung jumlah produksi sebagai hasil akhirnya.
EKSPERIMEN PEMBUATAN KARYA PATUNG MENGGUNAKAN ADONAN TEPUNG MAIZENA DI KELAS IX SMP SWASTA BUDI DHARMA TEBING TINGGI TAHUN AJARAN 2015/2016
Authors: Nanda Risyah , Soeprayogi Heri
Published: October 2018

ABSTRAKRisyah Nanda, 2103151026. Eksperimen Pembuatan Karya Patung Berbahan Adonan Tepung Maizena diKelas IX SMP Swasta Budi Dharma Tebing Tinggi Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016. Jurusan Seni Rupa, Fakultas Bahasa Dan Seni UNIMED2016. Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) Untuk mengetahui keefektifan penggunaan bahan utama tepung maizena dalam pembuatan karya patung, (2) Untuk mengetahui proses pembuatan patung, (3) Untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil karya seni patung antara menggunakan bahan utama tepung maizena dengan menggunakan bahan utama tanah liat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dilakukan di SMP Budi Dharma Tebing Tinggi. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa/siswi kelas IX yang berjumlah 28 Orang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan purposive sampling. Data penelitian ini dijaring dengan cara eksperimen, observasi dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa hasil eksperimen pembuatan patung berbahan tepung maizena memiliki bentuk proporsi yangi deal, bentuk yang sesuai dengan tema, dari segi komposisi karya clay ini memiliki tatasusun yang menyangkut keseimbangan, kesatuan, dan keselarasan yang sangat baik, serta dari segi pewarnaan karya clay ini sangat menarik memiliki gelap terang yang sangat baik, kombinasi, kecerahan, kesesuaian warna dengan tema yang baik serta kreatif.Kata Kunci: Eksperimen, Karya, Patung, Tepung
TANGGAPAN MASYARAKAT KARO DI BERASTAGI TERHADAP PERUBAHAN AYO-AYO PADA BANGUNAN OBJEK WISATA TAHURA
Authors: Adhitia Mhd. Try , Tarigan Nelson
Published: October 2018

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan apa saja yang terjadi pada ayo-ayo bangunan objek wisata Tahura dan pendapat masyarakat Karo di Berastagi terhadap perubahan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan bentuk, warna dan ornamen ayo-ayo pada bangunan objek wisata Tahura serta pendapat masyarakat Karo di Berastagi terhadap perubahan tersebut.Populasi yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah 1 bangunan objek wisata Tahura dan sampel yang diambil sebanyak 4 bidang ayo-ayo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kajian pustaka, observasi lapangan dan dokumentasi, serta wawancara dengan menguraikan perbandingan antara objek yang diteliti dengan sumber-sumber buku dan pendapat ahli, lalu wawancara sebagai cara untuk mengambil tanggapan masyarakat terhadap objek yang diteliti. Ayo-ayo pada bangunan objek wisata Tahura mengalami perubahan pada bahan, bentuk, warna dan ornamen. Perubahan tersebut sudah terlalu jauh dari ayo-ayo yang asli. Hasil temuan peneliti menunjukkan bahwa, perubahan ayo-ayo pada bangunan Tahura tidak hanya terjadi secara umum saja, tetapi secara detail juga. Perubahan tersebut mengakibatkan pengetahuan untuk ayo-ayo yang asli semakin kabur.  Kata Kunci : Tanggapan Masyarakat, Perubahan.
SEPATU LUKIS MATAHARI ART DALAM PERKEMBANGAN APPLIED ART PADA GAMBAR DARI TAHUN 2011-2016 DI KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Irantoni Zikra , Triyanto R.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini adalah penelitian studi pustaka yang menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan applied art pada sepatu lukis Matahari Art dari tahun 2011-2016. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui instrument penelitian berupa observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 18 pasang sepatu yang mewakili dalam satu sampai enam priode yang diambil dari Matahari Art. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah perkembangan gambar pada sepatu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gambar yang terdapat pada sepatu lukis Matahari Art pada tahun 2011-2014 untuk motif sepatu anak-anak dan remaja, dominan menggunakan gambar kartun, sedangkan untuk dewasa dominan menggunakan gambar dekoratif, doodle dan kontemporer. Pada tahun 2015-2016 untuk motif sepatu anak-anak dan remaja, didominasi oleh penggabungan gambar kartun dan potret realis, sementara untuk motif sepatu dewasa didominasi oleh gambar potret realis.          Kata Kunci : Sepatu Lukis, Matahari Art, Applied Art.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN PENGGUNAAN KATA BAKU PADA TEKS LAPORAN HASIL OBSERVASI SISWA KELAS X MAN 2 MODEL MEDANTAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2016/2017
Authors: Tanjung Sri Rahayuni
Published: October 2018

Kata baku adalah ragam bahasa yang cara pengucapan maupun penulisannya sesuai dengan kaidah – kaidah standar. Kaidah – kaidah standar ini dapat berupa pedoman ejaan, tata bahasa baku, dan kata kamus umum. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif.Subjek penelitian ini adalah teks laporan hasil observasi yang ditulis siswa kelas X IPA2 MAN 2 Model Medan tahun pembelajaran 2016/2017. Objek penelitian ini adalah kalimat yang mengandung unsur kesalahan penggunaan kata baku. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu mendeskripsikan suatu keadaan alamiah secara mendalam dan terperinci mengenai kesalahan penggunaan kata baku pada teks laporan hasil observasi siswa kelas X MAN 2 Model Medan. Untuk menemukan dan mengklasifikasikan kalimat yang mengandung kesalahan penggunaan kata bakudigunakan teknik membaca, mencermati fokus dan konteks, dan mencatat. Instrumen pada penelitian ini adalah penulis sendiri (human instrument), yaitu sebagai instrumen kunci dengan menggunakan bantuan tabel analisis kesalahan kata baku.Hasil penelitian kesalahan penggunaan kata baku pada teks laporan hasil observasi siswa kelas X MAN 2 Model Medan, yaitu (1) Kesalahan penggantian huruf sebanyak 70 (19,1 %)kesalahan, 23 teks dikategorikan sangat baik,  16 teks dikategorikan baik, dan 4 teks dikategorikan cukup.(2) Kesalahan penghilangan huruf sebanyak 46 (12,6 %)kesalahan, 31 teks dikategorikan sangat baik,  8 teks dikategorikan baik, dan 2 teks dikategorikan cukup, dan 2 teks dikategorikan sangat kurang. (3) Kesalahanpenyederhanaan huruf sebanyak 23 (6,3%) kesalahan, 27 teks dikategorikan sangat baik, 10 teks dikategorikan baik, dan 6 teks dikategorikan sangat kurang. (4) Kesalahanejaan sebanyak 226 (62%) kesalahan, 25 teks dikategorikan sangat baik, 14 teks dikategorikan baik, 3 teks dikategorikan cukup dan 1 teks dikategorikan kurang. (5) Kesalahan pilihan kata sebanyak 14 (3.7%) kesalahan, 33 teks dikategorikan sangat baik, 8 teks dikategorikan kurang, dan 2 teks dikategorikan sangat kurang.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN STAD (STUDENT TEAM ACHIEVEMENT DIVISIONS) TERHADAPKEMAMPUANMENEMUKAN POKOK-POKOK BERITA YANG DIDENGAR MELALUI REKAMAN BERITA PADA SISWA KELAS VIIISMPSWASTA TUNASHARAPAN KEC. P.BATUTAHUNPEMBELAJARAN 2016/2017
Authors: Sitohang Eva Catryn , Barus Sanggup
Published: October 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh model pembelajaranSTAD (Student Team Achievement Divisions) terhadap kemampuanmenemukan pokok-pokok berita yang didengar melalui rekaman berita padasiswa kelas VIII SMP Swasta Tunas Harapan Kec.P.Batu tahun pembelajaran2016/2017.Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua kelas VIII SMP SwastaTunas Harapan kec. P.Batu sebanyak 147 orang dan pengambilan sampeldilakukan dengan teknik acak kelas, sehingga diperoleh sampel penelitianadalah kelas VIIIa sebanyak 40 orang.Metode yang digunakan dalampenelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen one group pre-test dan post-testdesign.Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes menemukan pokok-pokok beritayang didengar melalui rekaman berita. Nilai rata-rata sebelum perlakuan (pretest) adalah 63,12, standar deviasi 11,93, dan standar error 1,91 sedangkannilai rata-rata setelah perlakuan adalah 76,25, standar deviasi 9,07, danstandar error 1,45. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa nilai rata-ratamenemukan pokok-pokok berita yang didengar melalui rekaman beritasetelah menggunakan model pembelajaran STAD (Student Team AchievementDivisions)lebih tinggi daripada nilai sebelum menggunakan modelpembelajaran STAD (Student Team Achievement Divisions).Sebelumdilakukan pengujian hipotesis terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji persyaratananalisis yaitu uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas. Berdasarkan hasil analisisdata diperoleh bahwa data pre-test dan post-test berdistribusi normal danhomogen. Pengujian hipotesis thitung = 12,72 kemudian dikonsultasikandengan ttabelpada taraf signifikasi 5% = 2,64. Karena thitung = 12,72> ttabel =2,64 maka hipotesis nihil (Ho) ditolak dan hipotesis alternatif (Ha) diterima.Hal ini membuktikan bahwa model pembelajaran STAD (Student TeamAchievement Divisions) mempengaruhi kemampuan menemukan pokokpokok berita yang didengar melalui rekaman berita pada siswa kelas VIIISMP Swasta Tunas Harapan Kec. P.Batu tahun pembelajaran 2016/2017.Kata kunci: Pengaruh, Model Pembelajaran STAD, Menemukan, pokokpokok berita yang didengar.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN PENGGUNAAN PENGGUNAAN KALIMAT EFEKTIF DAN TANDA BACA PADA TEKS EKSPLANASI SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 1 LABUHAN DELI TAHUNPEMBELAJARAN 2016/2017
Authors: Sagala Juni Kristian , Daulay Syahnan
Published: October 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmendeskripsikan dan mengklasifikasikan bentuk kesalahanpenggunaan kalimat efektif dan tanda baca yang terdapat pada teks eksplanasi siswa kelas VIIISMP Negeri 1 Labuhan Deli tahun pembelajaran 2016/2017, mendeskripsikan apa saja bentukkesalahan yang paling dominan yang ditemukan dalam teks eksplanasi siswa kelas VIII SMPNegeri 1 Labuhan Deli. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Sumberdata berasal dari dokumen berupa karangansiswa dan narasumber (informan) yang terdiri dariguru bahasaIndonesia serta siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Labuhan Deli.Penelitian dilaksanakandalam tiga tahap meliputi tahap prapenelitian, pelaksanaan penelitian, dan penyusunan laporanpenelitian.Simpulan penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut. Pertama, bentuk kesalahan penggunaankalimat efektif yang terdapat dalam teks eksplanasi siswa terdapat lima aspek, yaitu kesalahanpada penggunaan kalimat yang tidak koherensi.,kesatuan, ketepatan, kehematan, dan kelogisan.Frekuensi kesalahan pada tataran koherensi adalah sebesar 47,5%, kesalahan pada tatarankesatuan sebesar 22,85%, kesalahan pada tataran ketepatan sebesar 7,5%, kesalahan padatataran kehematan sebesar 16,78% dan kesalahan pada tataran kelogisan sebesar 5,35%.Kedua,bentuk kesalahan penggunaan tanda baca yang terdapat dalam teks eksplanasi siswaterdapat dua aspek, yaitu kesalahan pada penggunaan tanda titik dan tanda koma . Frekuensikesalahan pada penggunaan tanda titik adalah sebesar 55,65% dan frekunsi kesalahan padapenggunaan tanda koma adalah sebesar 44,34% . Ketiga kesalahan penggunaan kalimat efektifyang paling dominan ditemukan pada teks ekplanasi siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 LabuhanDeli adalah kesalahan penggunaan ketidakhorensian dengan frekuensi sebesar 47,5%.Keempatkesalahan penggunaan tanda baca yang paling dominan ditemukan pada teks ekplanasi siswakelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Labuhan Deli adalah kesalahan penggunaan tanda baca yaitu tandatitik dengan frekuensi sebesar 55,65%.Kata kunci: analisis kesalahan, teks eksplanasi, penggunaan kalimat efektif dan tanda baca.
HUBUNGAN PEGUASAAN KALIMAT EFEKTIF DENGAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS TEKS EKSPOSISI OLEH SISWA KELAS X SMA NEGERI 3 MEDAN TAHUN AJARAN 2016/107
Authors: Munawarah Khaida , Siburian Tiur Asi
Published: October 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan penguasaan kalimatefektif dengan kemampuan menulis eksposisi siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 3Medan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada semester ganjil tahun ajaran2016/2017. Lokasi Penelitian, penelitian di SMA Negeri 3 Medan JalanBudi kemasyarakatan 3, Medan, Sumtera Utara. Populasi penelitian adalahseluruh siswa kelas X IPA SMA Negeri 3 Medan yang terdiri dari 19 lokalsebanyak 854 orang siswa. Penarikan sampel dilakukan denganmenggunakan teknik proportional random sampling. Sampel diambil 10%dari jumlah populasi yaitu sebesar 85 orang siswa. Teknik analisis datadilakukan secara derskripstif kuantitatif korelasional. Kemampuan menulisteks eksposisi didominasi oleh siswa yang memiliki nilai dalam kategorisangat baik, yakni 11 orang siswa (12,94%), siswa yang memiliki nilaidalam kategori baik sebanyak 70 orang siswa (82,35%) dan siswa yangmemiliki nilai dalam kategori cukup baik sebanyak 4 orang siswa (4.70%).Tidak ada satupun siswa yang memiliki nilai dalam kategori kurang baikdan sangat kurang baik. Hubungan penguasaan kalimat efektif dengankemampuan menulis teks eksposisi oleh siswa pada sampel 85 orangkelinieran persamaan regresi Ý= 62,32 + 0,601 X berarti pada tarafsignifikan α = 0,05. Untuk uji keberartian regresi di peroleh nilai hitungFhit = 2,111 sedangkan nilai Ftabel= 1,450 dengan dk= N-1 = 84. Karena nilaiFhitung>Ftabel (2,111>1,450) maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa kelinieranpersamaan regresi Ý= 62,32 + 0,601 X berarti pada taraf signifikan α=0,05 dengan korelasi yang tergolong rendah. Keterkaitan penguasaankalimat efektif dengan kemampuan menulis teks eksposisi ke dalamsebuah paragraf sebuah tulisan sangatlah ditentukan bagimana siswatersebut menggunakan kata yang tepat sehingga tujuan atau makna yangterkandung dalam kalimat dapat disampaikan dengan baik.Kata Kunci: Penguasaan Kalimat Efektif, Kemampuan Menulis TeksEksposisi
ANALISIS RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN (RPP) GURU BAHASA INDONESIA SMA NEGERI 7 MEDAN TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2016/2017
Authors: Aruan Mei Anggriani , Lubis Fitriani
Published: October 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil analisis dokumen RencanaPelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) Guru Bahasa Indonesia SMA Negeri 7Medan Tahun Pembelajaran 2016/2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan sumberdata yaitu sebanyak 9 RPP guru Bahasa Indonesia dengan Metode PenelitianDeskriptif Kualitatif. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah peneliti sendiri, tabelkelengkapan komponen, sistematika penyusunan komponen RPP dan PedomanPenelahaan RPP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komponen RPP yangdibuat oleh guru Bahasa Indonesia SMA Negeri 7 Medan berdasarkankelengkapan komponen dan sistematika penyusunan komponen RPP, yaitu.Kelas X berskor (80,87) kategori sesuai namun penyusunan RPP belumberdasarkan pada Permendikbud No. 22 Tahun 2016 melainkan PermendikbudNo. 103 Tahun 2014, guru kelas XI berskor (90,90) kategori sangat sesuai danRPP guru kelas XII berskor (98,86) kategori sangat sesuai namun RPP kelas XIdan XII penyusunan RPP masih berdasarkan pada Permendikbud No. 103Tahun 2014. Berdasarkan analisis kesesuaian KD yang tertera pada RPP gurudapat disimpulkan bahwa RPP kelas X sudah berdasarkan Kurikulum 2013Revisi, RPP kelas XI dan XII masih berdasarkan Kurikulum 2013. Hasilanalisis isi RPP berdasarkan tabel Pedoman Penelahaan RPP maka diperolehhasil analisis RPP guru kelas X berada pada nilai (64,44%) kategori cukupsesuai Kurikulum 2013 Revisi, kelas XI (78,2%) dan kelas XII (84,51%) keduaRPP berada pada kategori sesuai terhadap kurikulum 2013.Kata kunci : RPP, Kurikulum 2013, Bahasa Indonesia
KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA ANAK TUNAGRAHITA: STUDI KASUS DI SLB C SANTA LUSIA MEDAN
Authors: Nainggolan Melda Agustina , Hadi Wisman
Published: October 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelancaran, kejelasan, kesesuaianisi, dan ketepatan waktu anak tunagrahita mampu didik tingkat ringan kelasIX di SLB C Santa Lusia Medan dalam menceritakan kembali peristiwa yangterdapat pada cerita yang didengarnya. Populasi penelitian ini berjumlah 17siswa tunagrahita kelas IX. Sampel diambil secara sampling bertujuan(purposive sampling) yaitu 2 orang siswa tunagrahita mampu didik tingkatringan. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Instrumen yangdigunakan adalah dokumentasi, kemudian untuk mengetahui hasilkemampuan bercerita anak tunagrhaita tersebut digunakan alat daftar cocokatau ceklis berupa indikator penilaian kemampuan bercerita khusus untukanak tunagrahita. Dari pemerolehan data diketahui bahwa jumlah nilai siswabernama Renaldi sebesar 75, sedangkan nilai Nurlina sebesar 50. Dengandemikian hasil rata-rata kemampuan bercerita siswa tunagrahita mampu didiktingkat ringan di SLB C Santa Lusia Medan adalah sebesar 62,5. Berdasarkanrentangan nilai tersebut siswa tunagrahita mampu didik tingkat ringan beradapada kategori cukup dalam kemampuan bercerita.Kata Kunci: Kemampuan, Bercerita, Tunagrahita
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN FSLC TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA DITINJAU DARI MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Komariya Komariya , Farida Nurul , Vahlia Ira
Published: October 2018

This study aims to decide the effect of learning models on the ability to solve mathematical problems seen from student learning motivation. Learning model used is FSLC and conventional learning model. This type of research is a quasi experiment. The population in this research is the students of class VIII SMP N 1 Trimurjo academic year 2017/2018. The sample of this research is taken by using cluster random sampling technique with sample in experiment class as much as 32, and control class counted 31. The result of this research are as follows: 1) There is difference of problem solving ability between student learning by using FSLC learning model and model of learning conventional. 2) Problem-solving abilities in highly motivated students are better than those with moderate motivation and problem-solving skills in better-motivated students than low motivated students. 3) There is no interaction between FSLC and conventional learning model and learning motivation toward math problem solving ability. The FSLC learning model provides better mathematical problem-solving skills than conventional learning models in both high and medium motivations.
WORKED EXAMPLE USING ILL-STRUCTURED PROBLEM: TRAINED HIGH ORDER THINKING SKILL
Authors: Rodiawati Atik
Published: October 2018

Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) is design theory instructional that uses human cognitive architecture. One of the cognitive load theory types is worked example. This study aims to analyze theoretically the ability of worked example using ill-structured problem in training high order thinking skill. This article is designed by reviewing literatures of worked example, ill-structured problem, and high order thinking skill; arranging them to get their primary relation; finally concluding the aim of this study. The main relation of them is one characteristic of high order thinking skill is ill-structured and challenging problems. The result of this research shows theoretically that worked example using ill-structured problems can train high order thinking skill. It is caused by worked example which contains ill-structured problems can train students to analyze and evaluate problem solving through examples without high cognitive load, so that students obtain ill-structured problems solving strategy. Furthermore, giving a wider problem to students' practice as a follow-up action from worked example will train students to create innovative solutions to wider problems.
Glimpses of history of the Project on Sheep Breeding Development in the Kyrgyz Republic (1996–2000)
Authors: Bektemirova Aynagul Kashkarbaevna ,   Naryn State University  (Kyrgyz Republic)
Published: October 2018

The study analyzes the activity of working groups implemented the government project on Sheep Breeding Development in the Kyrgyz Republic (1996–2000) initiated by the government and the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Kyrgyz Republic and financed by foreign investors. Its progress and shortcomings are demonstrated. The misuse of project funds is noted as well. The long-term animal breeding within the project resulted in the creation of the Kyrgyz Mountain Merino sheep, a new unique profitable breed. Despite the mistakes and miscalculations made in the project, the foundation of the Sheep Breeders Association of the Kyrgyz Republic contributed significantly to the development of sheep breeding industry in the country and encouraged the establishment of more than 1,000 private farms in Kyrgyzstan.
The worldview of the ethnic group and the ethnic aspects of collective consciousness
Authors: Karapetyan Elena Avetikovna ,   Armavir Institute of Mechanics  and Technology (branch) of  Kuban State Technological University
Published: October 2018

The study deals with various aspects of collective consciousness and their manifestation in the worldview of the ethnic group. The author examines the factor in ethnic identity in a wide range of elements of its social organization and cultural life. The research demonstrates the development process of the ethnic culture and the worldview of the ethnic group and determines its basic collective characteristics inherent in all its representatives. The author analyzes the manner of reflecting different aspects of the ethnic life in the culture and worldview of the ethnic group. The research traces the creation of the ethnic image of the world during the ethnic development, i.e. the vision and perception of the reality by the ethnic group in all its many facets and manifestations, including the determination of its place in the reality. It is argued that the most complete image of the world and the worldview are reflected in the collective consciousness of the ethnic group. The novelty of the study is to focus on the problems of collective memory, collective consciousness, the image of the world, ethnic consciousness, and, thus, make an attempt to summarize the achievements of various sciences in cultural studies.
Japanese intellectuals of the 1930s–1940s: counteracting the nationalistic ideas in the Kyoto School of philosophy during its emergence
Authors: Yazovskaya Olga Valeryevna ,   Ural Federal University,   Chelyabinsk State University
Published: October 2018

The study demonstrates the nature of the interaction of the first representatives of the Kyoto school with the nationalistic ideas in the context of the 1930s–1940s Japanese Empire as an authoritarian state following the concept of the national essence, or kokutai, as the source of its state ideology. The fundamental traits of the school are briefly defined, and the views of its founders are elaborated, in particular the attitude towards state policy and the war in Nishida Kitaro’s later writings and correspondence, and Tanabe Hajime’s definition of the nation in an essay on the logic of species, as well as later statements. The textual criticism analysis shows an attempt to conceal the true views of philosophers through the nationalist terminology adopted in the contemporaneous state propaganda. Their attitude was anti-system in nature and did not seek to justify nationalism.
The natural landscape of the Caucasus as an enemy of the Separate Caucasian Corps
Authors: Salchinkina Angelina Rostislavovna ,   Kuban State Agrarian University
Published: October 2018

The study discussed the natural and geographic features of the Caucasus which had a significant impact on the Russian army during the Caucasian War of 1817–1864. The research was primarily based on personal papers: memoirs, private correspondence, diaries and diary entries. In the mountain regions of the Caucasus, the army faced the following great challenges: hard movements, the lack of knowledge of the area, severe climate, the inability to use such traditional tactics as a close order formation and an artillery fire. Besides, it was difficult to pass through the forests of Circassia and Chechnya because of the hidden accurate shooting of highlanders and ineffective salvo firing. The author concluded that the natural landscape of the Caucasus became one of the reasons for the transformation of the Separate Caucasian Corps that had gradually adapted to local conditions.
Modelo para armar. Familia y roles de género a través del discurso eugénico en Argentina. 1934-1945
Authors: Linares Luciana
Published: October 2018

El presente artículo pretende dar cuenta de los mecanismos de construcción de discurso utilizados por representantes de la teoría eugenésica en Argentina durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. Para ello, se recorren los dispositivos culturales de alcance popular, que principalmente médicos y profesionales de la salud, difundían con el objetivo de propagar un modelo de familia que diera respuesta a las cuestiones poblacionales del país desde el esquema de ideas eugenésicas. Así, se busca avanzar en las estrategias de legitimación del ideario que estaba presente en algunos medios de comunicación especializados y populares sobre la mujer y la familia eugénica en Argentina. De esta manera, podremos visualizar las tácticas comunicacionales utilizadas a la hora de legitimar un modelo de familia basado en la impronta de la ciencia del “buen nacer”
Familias formadas por parejas del mismo sexo y el Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación
Authors: Lopes Cecilia
Published: October 2018

El trabajo aborda las innovaciones en materia de familias con parejas del mismo sexo por parte del CCyC. A tal fin se realiza un breve recorrido normativo, no agotándose el análisis solamente en el CCyC sino abordando los micros sistemas previos y actuales con los que conviven y hacen posible pensar a las familias en plural, analizando las distintas fuentes de filiación contempladas por el derecho argentino, las cuales responden a diferentes formas de organización familiar. Se señalan, además, tanto las realidades pendientes de regulación así como también hitos de la jurisprudencia en relación a la resolución de casos tanto ante la existencia o (in)existencia de normativa y algunos desafíos pendientes
Analysis of Spatio Temporal Change of Land Use of Chrysanthemum Farm in Semarang Regency Using Landsat Image 8 OLI
Authors: Priyadi Priyadi
Published: October 2018

Agriculture is a business issue that has long existed and will likely continue to exist throughout the ages. Similarly, on the issue of agricultural land use chrysanthemum that needs to be developed method of analysis using technology approach and computer science. This research intends to analyze and develop effective and efficient methods of chrysanthemum land use. The satellite imagery data covering pre-processing, processing and post processing in this research is mostly done with QGIS software. Satelite image used in this research is LANDSAT 8 OLI and band used are band 6, bang 5, band 2 and band 8. Stages of working this research include image cutting in the research area of all bands and all temporal images involved in research, pansharpening using "Orfeo toolbox", image classification with "semi-automatic clasification", then completed with analysis of land use change using "molusce". The result of this research is spatio-temporal data of two images of  land use chrysanthemum in April 2017 and August 2017. The result of mathematical research is a statistical table of changes of agricultural land use on two temporal of image used as research object. In addition to the two results of the analysis data, this study also describes the digital image analysis method of agricultural land use chrysanthemum which is expected to be useful for remote sensing research on other research object or extension to this research.
Study of equation model for vertical jump test
Authors: ÖNCEN Sercan , AYDIN Serkan , PINAR Salih
Published: October 2018

Vertical jump is regarded as high power
output that can be reached by maximum muscular contraction taking place in less
than one second and described as explosive power. Different results may be
obtained in different methods applied to the same individual in vertical jump measurements.

In the study, it has been aimed to
present an equation model at the end of determining the correlation between Stride
Bluetooth Sensor (PSBS), Jumpster mobile phone jumping test program (JSP) and
Vertical Jump Test (VJT) and deducing by simple linear regression model. 56
male and 34 female participants having 19,4 ± 1,1 year, have been included in
the study. Average height of jump of the participants have been measured as
PSBS 32.8 ± 8,2 cm, JSP 39.2 ± 8.2 cm and VJT 43.6 ± 8.6 cm. There is a positive
relationship of r= 792**, r= 804** according to the
Person correlation analysis results between the results of PSBS and JSP tests
and VJT test.
INTERLEUKIN-10 PLASMA DAN LIMFOSIT-T CD4+ PENDERITA TERINFEKSI HIV
Authors: Mulyantari Kadek , Retnowati Endang , Nasronudin Nasronudin
Published: October 2018

HIV & AIDS have become a global problem throughout the world including Indonesia. The incidence is rapidly increasing. Various treatment and efforts have been carried out but until now have not yet been succeeded, the mortality remains high. Examination of CD4+ lymphocyte-T which is carried out to determine the immune status and monitoring the treatment has some limitation. Besides the degradation of CD4+ lymphocyte-T, the increase of the disease progression is also followed by an increase of interleukin-10 as well. The determination of interleukin-10 is expected to be use as an alternative examination if CD4+ lymphocyte-T can not be performed. To analyze the correlation between the levels of plasma interleukin-10 and amount of CD4+ lymphocyte-T in the asymptomatic HIV infected patients. A cross sectional, observational analytical study of 41 patients with HIV infection stage I, has been conducted from March–April 2009, at the Intermediate Infectious Disease Care Unit Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. The diagnosis of HIV patients was based on positive result of HIV test using three (3) different methods. Eight mL venous blood were taken from each patient, 6 mL is put into a heparin tube for the examination of IL-10 plasma with ELISA method and 2 mL is put into a K3EDTA tube for examining the CD4+ lymphocyte-T using flowcytometry. The results showed of plasma IL-10 level and the amount of CD4+ lymphocyte-T, which were analyzed by Pearson correlation test to determine the correlation between the two (2) variabels. The IL-10 levels in HIV patients were 3.80–44.50 pg/mL (mean 18.09 pg/mL, SD 8.84 pg/mL). The amount of absolute CD4+ lymphocyte-T was 5–846 cells/µL (mean 322.07 cells/µL and SD 221.89 cells/µL), while the amount of percentage CD4+ lymphocyte-T was 0.41–29.48% (mean 13.99%, SD 7.62%). Statistical analyzes show a significant negative correlation either between plasma IL-10 level with absolute CD4+lymphocyte-T and plasma IL-10 level with percentage of CD4+ lymphocyte-T, e ach level of r was –0.652 and –0,683. A significant negative correlation was also formed between plasma IL-10 level and the amount of CD4+ lymphocyte-T in the HIV infected patients. In the HIV infected patients, the increase of plasma IL-10 level was followed by a decrease of CD4+ lymphocyte-T.