bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF BERBASIS WONDERSHARE FILMORA PADA MATERI SENI LUKIS UNTUK SISWA SMP
Authors: Saputra Krisna Bayu , Hidayat Sholeh , Nulhakim Lukman
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk berupa video pembelajaran interaktif berbasis aplikasi wondershare filmora pada mata pelajaran seni budaya materi seni lukis untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran serta memudahkan peserta didik dalam proses penyerapan materi.  Peneliti menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) dengan model Borg and Gall sebagai pedoman untuk mengembangkan suatu produk yang efektif. Prosedur penelitiannya adalah menganalisis kebutuhan peserta didik, merancang bahan ajar yang dibutuhkan, mengembangkan bahan ajar yang telah dirancang, mengimplementasikannya pada peserta didik serta mengevaluasi hasil       implementasi    bahan   ajar.      Hasil pengembangan menunjukkan bahwa video pembelajaran interaktif berbasis aplikasi wondershare filmora ini dapat meningkatkan motivasi peserta didik karena di dalamnya disuguhkan tampilan menarik dengan disisipi konten berupa video tutorial serta diiringi backsound dan narasi yang padat dan jelas sebagai pendukung interaktifnya media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan serta dapat membantu siswa mengetahui bentuk nyata dari materi yang dipelajarinya. Bertambahnya pengetahuan pendidik mengenai pengembangan bahan ajar, meningkatnya efektivitas pembelajaran serta tumbuhnya motivasi dan minat belajar peserta didik merupakan hasil yang didapatkan. Namun, pada kesempatan ini peneliti hanya berfokus pada pengembangan bahan ajar.
EFEKTIVITAS KONSUMSI SARI KACANG HIJAU TERHADAP KELANCARAN PRODUKSI AIR SUSU IBU (ASI)
Authors: Handayani Ida  Farida , Sugiarsih Ugi
Published: July 2023

Beberapa penelitian telah dilakukan yang membuktikan bahwa kacang hijau juga mengandung senyawa aktif yaitu polifenol dan flavonoid yang berfungsi meningkatkan hormon produksi ASI.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efektivitas konsumsi sari kacang hijau  terhhadap kelancaran produksi ASI. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Quasy-Experiment dengan rancangan Pretest-Postest control Group Design. Populasi adalah semua ibu nifas, sampelnya ibu nifas hari pertama yang melahirkan spontan pervaginam, dengan jumlah 33 responden kelompok perlakuan dan 33 responden kelompok kontrol, teknik pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling. , metode pengukuran kelancaran ASI dengan penghitungan skor dari 5 indikator, instrument lembar observasi. Hasil : Rata-rata kelancaran produksi ASI  pada ibu   yang  diberikan sari kacang hijau selama 14 hari, dengan pemberian 250 ml sebanyak 2 kali/hari,  adalah skornya 4,448 dengan standar deviasi 0,870, sedangkan ibu yang  tidak   diberikan sari  hijau rata - rata  kelancaran ASI   adalah skornya 2.454  dengan standar deviasi 1.033. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan  nilai p=0.000,  maka  dapat disimpulkan ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara   rata - rata  kelancaran ASI antara ibu yang diberikan sari kacang hijau dengan ibu yang tidak diberikan Kesimpulan : Pemberian sari kacang hijau efektif terhadap kelancaran produksi pengeluaran ASI. Saran yang disampaikan  ibu  menyusui diharapkan mengkonsumsi sari kacang hijau  dalam memperlancar  produksi pengeluaran ASI.
Linking Agricultural Landowners with Payments for Ecosystem Services in the Interior Northwest: Resources for Extension
Authors: Gwin Lauren , Pomeroy Alaina
Published: July 2023

Ranchers and family forest landowners face complex challenges, including competing land uses, pressure from environmental regulations, and low profitability. Landowners may benefit from growing demand for ecosystem services associated with working landscapes. Payment for ecosystem services (PES) programs can be very complex, and landowners need information and support from known, trusted sources like Extension. Extension personnel in our study area had limited involvement with PES. We developed educational resources for Extension to help landowners navigate PES opportunities. The resources are based on research into the potential of PES to enhance prosperity for ranchers and forest landowners in the Interior Northwest.
Book Review: Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria? and Other Conversations About Race
Authors: Stanton Laura , Taylor Leo , Lobb Jenny , Holmes Pat , Brady Steve , Scruggs Imani
Published: July 2023

Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria? and Other Conversations About Race is a 2017 revised and updated edition to Dr. Beverly Daniel Tatum’s original book written in 1997. The book explores decades of research on the psychology of racism, with an emphasis on the psychology of racial identity in Black, White, and other ethnic and cultural identities. The author helps readers gain a better understanding of historic and modern racism and the implications it has on individuals today. The book also contains important messages for people who work with diverse groups of adults and particularly of youth.
PENGARUH ATRIBUT PRODUK, SWITCHING COST, KEPUASAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN (Studi Pada Pengguna Vivo Pada Masyarakat Di Surakarta)
Authors: Riani Alfina , Susanti Ari
Published: July 2023

This study aims to see the Effect of Product Attributes, Switching Costs, and Consumer Satisfaction on Customer Loyalty.  The data was collected through the distribution of an online questionnaire to vivo users in Surakarta and which will be a sample of 96 respondents. The data obtained will be processed using several tests, such as data instrument test, classical assumption test, multiple regression analysis, t-test, f test, and coefficient of determination processed using the SPSS application. The results of the study proved that the variables of Product Attributes, Switching Cost, and Consumer Satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on Customer Loyalty.

Keywords: Product Attributes, Switching Cost, Consumer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty.
LELANG JABATAN; INTEGRITAS ASN, KINERJA ASN, DAN FRAUD KEPALA DAERAH
Authors: Kurniawan Pratomo Cahyo , Zulfa Siti , Hikmah Lutfiatul
Published: July 2023

The election of regional heads is carried out directly by the people and has an impact. The positive impact is that the community is directly involved in voting, while the negative impact is that the election costs are expensive for regional head candidates. Position auctions in several areas have changed meaning. This phenomenon used to carry out unloading and select Government Employees who are considered helpful and choose Government Employees who dare to register for positions with certain rates. This qualitative research uses the technical analysis of observation, and literature study with the method of triangulation of data sources as a test of data validity. The results found that the phenomenon of an auction of positions carried out unprofessionally became a transactional political tool for regional heads. The correlation of expensive political costs with low regional head integrity can trigger the occurrence of job auctions with tariffs. As a result, officials from the auction of positions will only serve their regional heads and think about their interests. This will affect regional transformation, bureaucratic reform, and less-than-optimal public services.
PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN AIR MINUM PT. BANDANGAN TIRTA AGUNG, PT. PANEN EMBUN KEMAKMURAN, DAN PT. MANDRAGUNA ADITAMA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY (EOQ)
Authors: Suasri Eni
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the optimal frequency of purchasing raw materials for Cup 220 ml and Straw using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method at PT. Bandangantirta Agung, PT. Harvest Dew Prosperity and PT. Mandrapurna Aditama. The type of data used is quantitative data, with qualitative research methods. The results obtained for the frequency of purchases from the three companies, PT Panen Embun Kemakmuran which get optimal results compared to other companies with a frequency of 3 times for Cup 220 and 8 times for straw based on the calculation of the EOQ method. Meanwhile, based on the Company's policy 9 times and 8 times the frequency of purchases made.
MODERASI KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL : DAPATKAH MEMPENGARUHI FAKTOR KEUANGAN TERHADAP STRUKTUR MODAL
Authors: Abbas Dirvi , Santoso Sigit Budi , Rahandri Daniel
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The aim of this research was to examine how profitability, liquidity, tangibility, and non-debt tax shield impact the capital structure of manufacturing companies listed on the IDX during the period of 2017-2021, with institutional ownership as a moderating factor. The sample was selected using purposive sampling based on predetermined criteria, and panel data regression analysis was used for data analysis. The hypothesis testing was conducted with a significance level of 5%. The findings revealed that only the variable of non-debt tax shield had a negative effect on the capital structure, while the variables of profitability, liquidity, and tangibility had no impact. The institutional ownership was found to enhance the influence of non-debt tax shields on capital structure, but it did not moderate the effect of profitability, liquidity, and tangibility on the capital structure.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, SOLVABILITAS, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, UKURAN KANTOR AKUNTAN PUBLIK (KAP), DAN OPINI AUDITOR TERHADAP AUDIT DELAY
Authors: Lutfiani Siti , Nugroho Arief Himmawan Dwi
Published: July 2023

This study aims to examine and analyze the significance of the variables that influence audit delay in LQ-45 stock companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.  This study used scientific methods, the population in this study were 52 LQ-45 stock companies listed on the IDX.  The year range used in this study is 3 years, namely 2020-2022.  The sampling technique was purposive sampling and a sample of 25 companies was obtained.  The study used descriptive statistical tests, convergent validity tests, discriminant validity tests, composite reliability tests, Crobsh's Alpha tests, R-Square tests, Fit Model Results, Multicollinearity tests, Multiple linear regression analysis tests, and hypothesis testing with SMART PLS-4 as a processing application.  research data.  The results showed that the variable profitability and firm size had a significant positive effect.  While the Solvency and Auditor Opinion has no significant negative effect, the size of the Public Accounting Firm (KAP) has a significant negative effect.  The ability of the variable profitability, solvency, company size, size of the public accounting firm (KAP) and auditor opinion, in explaining audit delay of 12% is indicated by the adjusted R square of 0.120 while the remaining 88% is explained by other variables outside this research model.
PENGARUH CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, GROWTH OPPORTUNITY, PROFITABILITAS DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP KONSERVATISME AKUNTANSI PADA PERUSAHAAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI TAHUN 2020-2022
Authors: Rismawati Veni Eka , Nurhayati Ida
Published: July 2023

The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of managerial ownership, institutional ownership, growth opportunities, profitability and leverage on accounting conservatism. a score of 528 limited observations of the Manufacturing Industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020-2022 period. The research approach uses quantitative data with a purposive sampling method to determine the sample and 239 samples are taken. The results of multiple linear regression tests, namely managerial ownership, institutional ownership, growth opportunities have no impact on accounting conservatism, according to the findings of the analysis, while profitability has a negative impact and leverage has a positive impact.
Prevalence of and Factors Influencing Suicide Ideation, Attempt, and Completion in Heroin Users: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Khanjani Mohammad Saeed , Younesi Sayed Jalal , Abdi Kianoush , Mardani-Hamooleh Marjan , Sohrabnejad Sajad
Published: July 2023

Background: Suicide is considered a fundamental problem in discussions on public and global health. Thus, the current study aimed to review the prevalence of and reasons for successful suicide attempts in heroin users. Methods: This study was conducted by systematically searching the electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO from 1960/1/1 to 2021/11/1 based on the PRISMA checklist and using MeSH keywords with no temporal or linguistic limitations. The primary and secondary impacts of suicide were identified, and all studies following an observational design (cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies) were included in the research. Data analysis was performed using Stata version 13. Finally, 17 studies were included in the work process for systematic review and meta-analysis. Findings: The results showed the most frequent reasons for suicide among the studied individuals were gender (being female), youngness, heroin overdose, multi-drug abuse, history of repeated suicide attempts, history of psychiatric disorder (especially depression), joblessness, homelessness, distorted family relationships, etc. Moreover, the results of synthesizing the studies revealed the prevalence of suicide attempts equaled the effect size (95% CI=0.3 [0.23-0.37]) among these individuals, and the prevalence of successful suicides approached the effect size (95% CI=0.03 [0.01-0.05]). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed the high prevalence of suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts among the heroin-abusing population. Furthermore, according to the findings, the prevalence of unsuccessful suicide attempts was ten times more than that of successful ones in the target population.
Building a House on Sand: How Tobacco Use Is Devouring Resources
Authors: Bakhtiari Aliabad Mohammad , Masoudi-Asl Iravan , Abolhallaje Masoud , Jafari Mehdi
Published: July 2023

Background: Tobacco is a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality, with a considerable economic burden. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence on the economic burden of tobacco use by searching national and international databases so as to generate useful information about the costs of tobacco use globally. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, ProQuest, and Web of Science (ISI) databases to identify relevant studies from 1990 to June 2021 using keywords like burden, productivity, indirect cost, direct cost, economic, monetary, expenditure, tobacco, smoking, and cigarettes. Cost estimates were converted into 2020 international dollars per adult. Findings: A total of 1,781 articles were identified, of which 361 were deemed to be eligible for inclusion. Eventually, 23 articles were found eligible. In most studies, cost estimates were provided using a prevalence-based approach. The highest total cost, as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), was reported for South Korea (1.19%). Noteworthy, in all studies, indirect costs accounted for the highest proportion of all costs. The mean total cost amounted to 5,866 million dollars. The direct costs ranged from 179 million dollars in South Korea to 8,156 million dollars in Israel. Meanwhile, the indirect costs ranged from 289 million dollars in Hong Kong to 9,808 million dollars in India. Conclusion: The evidence demonstrated the considerable economic burden of tobacco use in various countries, ranging from 0.33 to 1.19% of the GDP of the investigated countries, indicating the necessity of taking immediate measures. Hence, policies are needed to address the economic burden of smoking.
Investigating the Relationship between Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT), Opium Addiction, and Components of the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Enhesari Ahmad , Abasnia Roohollah , Baniasad Amir , Narouee Nosrati Shahin , Najafipour Hamid , Najafzadeh Mohammad Javad , Gozashti Mohammad Hossein
Published: July 2023

Background: Atherosclerosis has an essential role in causing cardiovascular diseases. Various factors affect the risk of coronary artery atherosclerosis, and the increase in the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a primary marker for detecting atherosclerotic changes in the artery wall. Since opioid use is one of the leading social and health problems in many countries, this study aimed to detect the factors influencing the increase in CIMT in opium consumers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 350 participants of the phase 2 of the KERCADRS cohort study who visited Besat clinic in Kerman and were divided into addicted and non-addicted groups. The participants in both groups underwent carotid artery ultrasound, and the Philips IU22 ultrasound machine was used to measure the CIMT. Findings: The mean age of the participants was 42.28±12.58 in the addicted group and 35.99±15.38 in the non-addicted group (P=0.001). CIMT was similar in the two groups (P=0.170). Moreover, CIMT had a significant positive correlation with age, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and triglyceride in both addicted and non-addicted groups. Age, weight, waist circumference, SBP, and BMI in the multivariate model were significant determinants of CIMT in the addicted group. Conclusion: The results revealed that age, weight, waist circumference, SBP, and BMI were the factors influencing intima thickness in opium consumers, and no significant relationship was observed between addiction to opium and CIMT.
Exercise Addiction and Major Depressive Disorder – Clinical Diagnoses and Longitudinal Course
Authors: Tschopp Amos , Meyer Maximillian , Sattler Isabel , Walter Marc , Colledge Flora
Published: July 2023

Background: People at risk of exercise addiction report increased symptoms of psychopathology. The aim of this study was to clinically assess the lifetime prevalence of depressive disorders in individuals at risk of exercise addiction and to determine whether depressive symptoms tend to precede or follow excessive exercising. Methods: Based on the Exercise Dependence Scale-21, a total of 31 individuals categorized at risk of exercise addiction underwent the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 to assess major depressive disorder (MDD). Findings: The results showed 16 of the 31 participants suffered from MDD. The onset of MMD occurred in 10 participants after excessive exercising and in 5 before excessive exercising. In one participant, the symptom onset was unclear. Conclusion: MDD is far more prevalent in patients with exercise addiction compared to the general population and develops more often after the beginning of exercise addiction. Caution in the use of exercise to treat depression may be warranted.
New Psychoactive Substances: A Potential Threat to Developing Countries
Authors: Hasan Mehedi , Sarker Shahjahan Ali
Published: July 2023

Background: New psychoactive substances (NPS) have become a global phenomenon, with over 134 countries and territories from all world regions reporting them. Since December 2021, governments, laboratories, and partner agencies have confirmed to the UNODC Early Warning Advisory (EWA) on NPS over 1124 substances. It is agreed that NPS control is one of the most challenging tasks for developing countries. Identifying the present and future threads of NPS is the most challenging task for law enforcement officials. The NPS research has a great impact on substance abuse policy-making and harm reduction strategies. Methods: The data in this study were collected from the official websites of online journals, Google Scholar, UNODC, International Narcotics Control Board (INCB), and the Department of Narcotics Control (DNC). Findings: Among the eleven groups of NPS, synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones are the most prevalent and alarming in developing countries. In Bangladesh, NPS abuse has been first identified in 2016. Almost 60 countries adopted legislative solutions to manage NPS by 2021, with many using or amending existing legislation and others employing novel legal mechanisms. It is widely agreed by researchers that reducing the menace of NPS requires increased awareness among all stakeholders. Conclusion: In the fight against the spread of NPS and its severe effects, law enforcement authorities and healthcare professional training must be seen as crucial aspects as well. Financing is also crucial for international organizations dealing with the NPS impact to continue fighting this war. The only way for policymakers to reduce NPS spread globally is through national and international cooperation.
Investigation of Addiction Potential and Its Related Health Profile in Medical Students
Authors: Najafi Kiomars , Novin Mohammad Hassan , Rafigh Mahdi , Zavarmousavi Seyedeh Maryam , Isanazar Adele , Nekouei Shoja Nasim
Published: July 2023

Background: Substance use among medical students is a concern due to its relationship with students’ health and the nature of the medical profession. Therefore, this study aimed to assess addiction potential and its relationship with health in medical students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 medical students who were selected through convenience sampling. Students’ demographic information, including age, gender, marital status, place of residence, educational level, and substance abuse in first-degree relatives (FDRs), as well as information obtained from the Duke Health Profile and Iranian Addiction Potential Scale (IAPS), were collected in person or online and analyzed using SPSS software (v. 26). Findings: The mean age of the participants was 23.27±2.4 years and 57.5% of the participants were female. The results indicated a statistically significant relationship between addiction potential score and gender, family history of substance use, and educational level, but not with age, marital status, or place of residence. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was observed between addiction potential and physical, mental, social, and general health scores. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that paying special attention to the health of medical students and planning to improve their health indicators can effectively reduce addiction potential.
Exploring the Relationship between Drug Addiction and Quality of Life in Herat, Afghanistan: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shayan Nasar Ahmad , Hooshmand Abdul Malik , Rahimi Ali , Shayan Sharareh , Ozcebe Hilal
Published: July 2023

Background: Addiction is a global public health problem, with over 36 million people suffering from drug-use disorders. Afghanistan, the world’s leading opium producer, has high rates of drug use owing to the easy access to drugs in this country. This study aimed to investigate drug users’ quality of life in Herat, Afghanistan, and identify the factors affecting it. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined health-related quality of life at six rehabilitation camps in Herat, Afghanistan, from March to July 2019, using the short form-36 questionnaire (SF-36). Data collected through interviews were analyzed using SPSS software (version 25). Findings: A total of 240 participants from six rehabilitation camps in Herat, Afghanistan participated in this study. The majority of participants (80%) rated their overall health as "good" or "very good". Men had higher average scores for mental health and vitality than women and those aged 30-39 had the highest quality of life. Statistically significant differences were found in bodily pain (P=0.038), vitality (P=0.042), and social functioning (P=0.046) among users of different types of drugs. Opium abusers had the highest scores for the physical and mental components, followed by heroin, methamphetamine, hashish, and crack abusers. Conclusion: This study explored the relationship between drug addiction and quality of life in Herat, Afghanistan. The findings showed that young adults were more vulnerable to drug use and male addicts and opium users had the highest quality of life. This study can inform the development of effective rehabilitation programs but more research is needed for addiction treatment strategies.
Screening of camphene as a potential inhibitor targeting SARS-CoV-2 various structural and functional mutants: Through reverse docking approach
Authors: Savita Mahendra Kumar , Bora Neha , Singh Ruby , Srivastava Prachi
Published: July 2023

Background: SARS-CoV was first identified in 2003 but SARS-CoV-2, which gained its recognition again in 2019 as COVID-19, has been a crucial threat worldwide and has caused more death rates than the SARS-CoV but till now no confined treatments are available. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of camphene against various structural and functional mutants of SARS-CoV-2 using reverse docking protocol. Methods: To investigate the efficacy of camphene as a potential antiviral drug against COVID-19, against of all possible target proteins in SARS-CoV-2, which could lead to a new platform for drug discovery. Reverse pharmacology (Reverse docking) approach was performed, which involved docking of camphene and 20 structural and non-structural proteins (NSPs) of SARS-CoV-2 performed using maestro 12.8 of Schrödinger. Results: The results were evaluated since the minimum binding energy obtained after docking and camphene was effective against most of the proteins responsible for SARS-CoV-2, but camphene showed greater efficacy against the main protease (protease 9), which is main functional protein of SARS-CoV-2. Hence, the study proves that camphene can be a good drug candidate for different mutants of SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion: Protease 9, which is the main functional protein of SARS-CoV-2, expressed the best binding affinity with camphene having the minimum binding energy (-5.616). Hence, it is concluded that camphene could be the drug contender against protease 9 as it is a more potent target in SARS-CoV-2. This could be a major finding, as camphene is related to camphor, which is already very beneficial against many respiratory problems.
Antibiotic resistance, virulence factors, and phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli isolated from hospital wastewater: A case study in the west of Iran
Authors: Bozorgomid Arezoo , Chegene Lorestani Roya , Rostamian Mosayeb , Nemati Zargaran Fatemeh , Shahvaisi-Zadeh Zhila , Akya Alisha
Published: July 2023

Background: The appropriate management of hospital wastewater is an essential process to prevent the spread of pathogenic strains of bacteria including Escherichia coli in this study, the antibiotic resistance, virulence characteristics, and phylogenetic diversity of E. coli isolated from the raw and treated hospital wastewater in a general hospital in the west of Iran were evaluated. Methods: E. coli isolates were recovered and identified using culture and biochemical tests. Sixty isolates were used and antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs), and phylogeny groups of isolates were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The antibiotic resistance was tested using disk diffusion. Results: The antibiotic susceptibility testing indicated that the resistance to co-trimoxazole was the most common, followed by ceftriaxone, amikacin, and gentamicin. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was observed in 90% of raw and 96.66% of treated sewage isolates. The phylogeny groups B1 and A were the most common groups among isolates of raw and treated sewage, respectively. The most common virulence genes detected were sfa, papC, and fyuA; while pic and sepA genes were not found in the isolates. The most common ARGs were blaTEM (in 90% isolates of raw and 92.5% of treated sewage) and blaCTX-M (in 60% isolates of raw and 77.5% of treated sewage). The blaSHV-5 gene was not detected among isolates. Conclusion: The results highlight the potential of hospital wastewater as a source for spreading the virulent and multi drug-resistant strains of E. coli.
A survey on air pollutant PM2.5 prediction using random forest model
Authors: Babu Sherin , Thomas Binu
Published: July 2023

Background: One of the most critical contributors to air pollution is particulate matter (PM2.5) that its acute or chronic exposure causes serious health effects to human. Accurate forecasting of PM2.5 concentration is essential for air pollution control and prevention of health complications. A survey of the available scientific literature on random forest model for PM2.5 prediction is presented here. Methods: The scientific literature is extracted from Science Direct database based on a set of specified search criteria. The input features, data length, and evaluation parameters used in PM2.5 prediction were analyzed in this study. Results: The study shows that majority of the publications are aimed at the daily prediction of outdoor PM2.5. Most publications base their PM2.5 prediction on features aerosol optical depth (AOD) and boundary layer height (BLH). PM10 and NO2 are the main air pollutants employed in the PM2.5 estimation. Majority studies utilized input data lengths covering more than one year, and the effectiveness of prediction models are unaffected by the length of investigation. The coefficient of determination, R2 , is the primary evaluation parameter used in all publications. The majority of research study indicated R2 values greater than 0.85, demonstrating the reasonable dependability and efficiency of random forest regression-based PM2.5 prediction models. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that the publications use a variety of meteorological and geological features for PM2.5 estimation, depending on the context of the research as well as data accessibility. The findings demonstrate that it is hard to pinpoint the optimal model in any particular way.
Activation of persulfate by TiO2 -Fe3 O4 nanocomposite for reactive red 198 degradation along with modeling and optimization approach
Authors: Rahimi Somayeh , Mohammadi Farzaneh , Ghodsi Soudabeh , Mohammadi Maryam , Karimi Hossein
Published: July 2023

Background: Recently, sulfate radical-based photocatalytic processes have attracted significant interests because of unique advantages in pollutants purification. In this study, TiO2 -Fe3 O4 nanocomposites in the presence of persulfate and under ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) irradiation were applied for reactive red 198 removal with a focus on the main operating parameters such as pH, persulfate molar concentration, irradiation time, and catalyst dosages in different initial concentrations. Methods: The nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis were used to evaluate TiO2 - Fe3 O4 nanocomposites. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for modeling and optimization. The kinetics and mechanisms of decolorization by sulfate and hydroxyl radicals were investigated. The mineralization of dye was evaluated using total organic carbon (TOC) analysis. Results: Modeling and optimization through RSM showed that the maximum decolorization of reactive red 198 is accursed an initial concentration of 10-50 mg/L was reached under UV-LED irradiation of 62- 85 min, persulfate concentration=0.8-1 mM, 0.19-0.3 g/L TiO2 -Fe3 O4 nanocomposites concentration, and pH=3. The kinetics of process was in agreement with pseudo-first order. The mineralization of reactive red 198 during the optimum conditions was determined at about 61.1% and 49.6%, meanwhile, the decolorization efficiency in the same conditions was approximately 98.1% and 87.6%, respectively. Conclusion: The use of TiO2 -Fe3 O4 nanocomposites under UV-LED irradiation in the presence of persulfate can be used as an efficient and promising method for dye removal from textile wastewater.
Membrane fouling mechanism of submerged membrane bioreactor during erythromycin removal
Authors: Aghili Dehnavi Hajar , Fatehizadeh Ali , Amin Mohammad Mahdi , Movahedian Attar Hossein , Ebrahimpour Karim , Bina Bijan
Published: July 2023

Background: Based on the previous studies, antibiotics can have affected biological properties of biomass and fouling properties of mixed liquor in aeration tank. The present study was conducted to explore the fouling mechanisms of membrane bioreactor (MBR) system during the treatment of wastewater containing erythromycin (ERY) antibiotic under several mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentrations. Methods: A lab-scale two-chamber MBR system equipped with a polypropylene hollow fiber submerged membrane was fed with synthetic wastewater containing different initial concentrations of ERY. MBR system was operated under the constant flux mode and different MLSS concentrations (5.0-13.0 g/L) and the obtained results were evaluated using different individual and combined fouling models. Results: The variation of MLSS concentrations had not significantly affected the kind of best-fitted model. From the individual models, the standard model indicated the best performance for permeate prediction under different MLSS concentrations (R2 adj>0.997). For all studied MLSS concentrations, the R2 adj values of combined fouling models were higher than 0.986 and demonstrated good fitness performance of combined models compared to individual models. Overall, the cake-intermediate model showed the lowest fitness, and cake-complete and complete-standard models were the most successful models in filtrated volume prediction in comparison with other combined fouling models. Conclusion: This study indicated that mechanistic models are suitable for fouling prediction of MBR systems in ERY removal and under a wide range of MLSS concentrations and provide valuable information on fouling mechanisms of full-scale MBR systems.
Comparison of three digestion methods for determination of lead and cadmium in milk and dairy products
Authors: Mehrasebi Mohammad Reza , Peyda Mazyar , Feizolahi Rezgar , Taromi Azra , Homayuni Pegah , Fathi Sara , Farahmandkia Zohre
Published: July 2023

Background: Toxic metals enter the human food chain through water, soil, and plants. High consumption of dairy products makes it necessary to measure their concentrations in milk and its products. Methods: In this study, four samples of dairy products, including milk, dough, yogurt, and cream were selected. They were spiked with concentrations of 0, 20, 40, and 60 μg/kg of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) separately. In all samples, the concentration of these metals was determined using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) after microwave, wet, and dry ashing digestion methods. To select the best digestion method, recovery percentage, linearity of increasing concentrations, relative standard deviation (RSD), and the limit of detection were used. Results: According to the results, the RSD of all measurements was less than 5%. The instrument detection limit for Pb and Cd were 0.188 and 0.157 μg/L, respectively. The recovery efficiency of all digested samples by three methods was between 75.7% and 120%. According to the linearity index and R2 , the microwave digestion method with 90 to 110% efficiency was the best for Pb-spiked samples, and the dry digestion method was the best for Cd-spiked samples. Conclusion: Considering all indexes, microwave digestion was the best method for Pb and Cd samples.
Occurrence and characteristics of microplastics in surface water and sediment of Zayandeh-rud river, Iran
Authors: Rami Yasaman , Shoshtari-Yeganeh Bahareh , Ebrahimi Afshin , Ebrahimpour Karim
Published: July 2023

Background: Zayandeh-rud river is the most important river in the central regions of Iran and the present study aimed to provide new insights into microplastics (MPs) pollution in surface water and sediments of this river. Methods: Water and sediment samples were collected in July 2021 from 19 sampling sites along the river. Organics matters were removed from the samples by wet peroxide oxidation (WPO), and MPs were extracted by floatation in ZnCl2 -saturated salt and filtration on a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane filter. Trapped MPs on the filter were counted and qualified by a stereomicroscope. Results: MPs were found in 13 sites from 19 sampling sites along the river. The minimum and maximum levels of MPs in water samples were 0 and 51±16.5 particles/m3 , respectively. MPs also were detected in the sediments of all sampling sites except the first two sampling sites (the maximum level was 58±25.9 particles/kg as dry sediment). Fragments were the most common shape of MPs in both water and sediment samples. 72.3% of MPs detected in water samples were 1-5 mm in size, while this percentage for sediment was 49.2%. The five main polymer types found in water and sediment samples were polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Conclusion: These levels of MPs in the water and sediments of Zayandeh-rud river and longtime persistence of plastics in the environment is a significant threat to environmental and human health and need serious attention to restrict MPs release into the river.
A study of the microplastic contamination of commercial table salts: A case study in Nigeria
Authors: Shokunbi Oluwatosin Sarah , Jegede David Olaoluwa , Shokunbi Olutayo Sunday
Published: July 2023

Background: Environmental pollution caused by microplastics (MPs) is quite ubiquitous and has become a global issue. Several studies have focused on MPs in marine and freshwater systems. However, there is a paucity of data about the presence of MPs in sea products like table salt and the risks they likely pose. Hence, this study investigated the presence of MPs in commonly consumed commercial table salts in South-West, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 8 different brands of commonly consumed commercial salts were purchased from open supermarkets in Ogun and Lagos States, Nigeria. Salt samples were digested with 30% H2 O2 , extracted for MPs, and observed under a digital microscope for shape, quantity, and colour. Results: Fibres and fragments were the plastic shapes found in the samples, with fibres being more prominent. The average content of MPs obtained was 12 particles/kg. Blue, pink, and purple colours of MPs were commonly found. The sizes of MPs were between 50 µm and 1 mm. Considering our findings and based on the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) recommended daily intake of 5 g of salt, Nigerian adults will consume an average rate of 21.9 microplastic particles/year. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, table salts commonly consumed in Nigeria are polluted with MPs. Due to the importance of table salt as related to daily food intakes, it becomes very necessary to fine-tune technologies in their production to improve the quality and lower MPs ingested by consumers in Nigeria.
Removal of cadmium from aqueous solution using nano Prosopis cineraria leaf ash (NPCLA)
Authors: Pourjaafar Milad , Askari Ali , Salehi Sahl Abadi Ali , Anvaripour Bagher , Nemati Afshar , Rahimi Seyed Ali , Pourjafar Mona
Published: July 2023

Background: Heavy metal pollution has become one of the most severe environmental problems, therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate removal of cadmium (Cd) from aqueous solution. Methods: In the present study, nano Prosopis cineraria leaf ash (NPCLA) was used as an adsorbent for removing Cd from aqueous solution. Contact time, initial pH of the solutions, sorbent dosages, and initial Cd (II) concentration were considered as parameters affecting Cd removal efficiency. The experiments were designed by Design of Expert (DOE) software. Results: It was revealed that an NPCLA dosage of 2.45 gL-1, pH of 6.3, and initial Cd (II) concentration of 20.7 mgL-1 in contact time of 60 min was the optimum condition for removal of Cd (II) in the domain of experiments and at this optimum condition, the prediction value of removal efficiency was found 99.9%. Based on the results of kinetics experiments, the sorption system and experiment data of Cd (II) adsorption on the NPCLA followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Freundlich, Langmuir, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Temkin isotherm models were investigated. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted well with linearly transformed Langmuir isotherm with a correlation coefficient of R2=0.9877, and the maximum sorption capacity of NPCLA was obtained to be 25.25 mgg-1. Conclusion: In laboratory conditions, NPCLA can remove Cd from aqueous solution with a high efficiency. Therefore, due to this plant’s availability and cheapness, NPCLA can be considered a suitable option for producing adsorbents on industrial scales.
The Effect of Eight Weeks of Concurrent Training on Serum Levels of Paraxonase-1, Irisin, Lipid Profile, and Insulin Resistance in Men With Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Diba Hosaini Seyed Amir Hosain , Vafaee Morvarid , Abedi Bahram
Published: July 2023

Background: Irisin is a myokine suggested to exert anti-obesity benefits. On the other hand, paraxonase-1 (PON 1) is one of the most important free radical scavenging enzymes and is among the main protectors of lipoproteins against oxidizing compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of concurrent training on serum levels of irisin, PON 1, lipid profile, and insulin resistance in men with metabolic syndrome. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 men with metabolic syndrome (aged 25-35 years and with body mass>25 kg.m-2) were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups of concurrent training (n=15) and control (n=15). Three sessions of the training program were held per week over an 8-week interval. Concurrent training included warm-up, resistance (20 minutes of resistance training), and endurance (25 minutes of activity on a stationary bike with an intensity of 50%-80% of maximum heart rate). Blood samples were collected before and 24 hours after exercise to measure serum levels of variables. Data were analyzed using independent and dependent t-tests. Results: At baseline, serum levels of PON 1, irisin, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were higher in the concurrent training group. The results of the study also indicated that 8 weeks of concurrent training significantly reduced the levels of insulin resistance, triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), systolic, and diastolic blood pressure in men with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Eight weeks of concurrent training improves the levels of irisin, insulin resistance, PON 1, and lipid profile of men with metabolic syndrome.
Association of Polymorphisms in IL-10, TGF-β1, IFN-γ, and TNF-α Genes with the Susceptibility to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Kerman, Iran
Authors: Amirkhosravi Arian , Salari Elham , Hashemi-Bajgani Seyyed-Mehdi , Samareh Fekri Mitra , Mehdipour Mohammad , Mandegary Ali
Published: July 2023

Background: One of the principal cigarette smokes (CS) mediated diseases is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: In the current case-control study, the relationship between the polymorphisms of interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1 ) codon 10, TGF-β1 codon 25, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in 213 individuals with COPD and susceptibility to the disease, with 100 healthy age and gender-matched people as a control group, was investigated using PCR-ARMS (polymerase chain reaction-amplification refractory mutation system). Moreover, the combination of the polymorphisms of TGF-β1 codon 10.25 regarding this susceptibility was studied in the same condition. Results: There was a significant difference between polymorphism of TGF-β1 codon 10 (+869 T/C), codon 25 (G+915C), and susceptibility to the disease (OR=0.50; (95 %CI=0.24-1.07, p=0.05), ORCC =5.31; (95% CI: 1.22-23.2); p=0.02), thus polymorphism of IL-10 and TGF-β1 increased the risk of susceptibility to COPD but the polymorphisms of TNF-α (G-308A) and IFN-γ (+847 T/A) did not show any association. Conclusion: All in all, it is recommended that the patients carrying the above-said genotypes should be paid proper attention, especially those who are exposed to chemicals at their workplaces, pollution, and cigarette smoke.
Changes in Aβ42, Neprilysin, and γ-Secretase in the Hippocampus of Male Rats Alzheimer’s model: The Effects of Aerobic Training and Omega-3 Intake
Authors: Yaghoubi Ali
Published: July 2023

Background: Alzheimer›s disease (AD) is characterized by excessive deposition of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in the central nervous system and reducing its level is the goal of many medications. This study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic training and omega-3 intake on Aβ42, neprilysin, and γ-secretase levels in the hippocampus of male rats Alzheimer›s model. Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats (age: 12 weeks-old and weight: 222.31±11.91 g), were divided into the five groups including control Alzheimer’s (AC), Alzheimer’s with omega-3 intake (AO), Alzheimer’s training (AT), Alzheimer’s with omega-3 intake and training (AOT) and Healthy Control (HC). AD was induced by the injection of homocysteine (60mM) into the rat brain ventricle. Training on the treadmill with a speed of 20 m/min (60 minutes and 5 days/week) was applied. The supplement group received omega-3 supplement 800 mg/kg of body weight, daily for eight weeks. Levels of Aβ42, γ-secretase, and neprilysin protein were measured using ELISA method. In data analysis, one-way ANOVA and Tukey test as post hoc were used (P<0.05). Results: The obtained results showed that the level of Aβ42 in the hippocampus of AC group was significantly higher than that of the HC group (P=0.001). Also, the level of Aβ42 in the hippocampus of AC group was significantly higher as compared to AO, AT, and AOT groups (P values 0.001, 0.007, and 0.003 respectively). The γ-Secretase level in the hippocampus of AC group was significantly higher than that in the HC group (P=0.001). Moreover, the γ-secretase levels in the hippocampus of the AC group were significantly higher compared to AO, AT, and AOT groups (P values: 0.002, 0.001, and 0.001 respectively). There was no significant difference in neprilysin levels of the hippocampus among the research groups (P=0.534). Conclusion: It appears that exercise training and omega-3 consumption, can affect amyloidogenic pathways through reducing the level of γ-secretase, and lead to reduced level of hippocampus Aβ in AD subjects. Therefore, aerobic exercise training and omega-3 intake can be studied as a complementary therapy in Alzheimer’s patients.
The Relationship between Caregiver Burden and Spiritual Intelligence in Caregivers of Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Fallah Bahare , Nasiriani Khadige , Adham Mohammad , Fallah Faragheh Ahmadreza , Fathi Fatemeh , Shamsi Farimah , Mehrabbeik Akram
Published: July 2023

Background: Breast cancer patients’ caregivers seem to face several challenges and problems that affect their physical and mental health. Spiritual intelligence, as the foundation of individuals› beliefs, plays an essential role in promoting the mental health of caregivers. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between caregiver burden and spiritual intelligence in caregivers of breast cancer patients. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 309 breast cancer caregivers at Shahid Ramezanzadeh Radiotherapy Center, Yazd, Iran, based on census method in 2020. Data were collected using three questionnaires: Demographic Information, caregiver burden inventory (CBI) and Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI). Statistical analyses were done using Spearman’s rank correlation, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test in SPSS-20. Results: The mean total score of caregiver burden was 48.12±20.93. The highest and the lowest mean scores were in the dimension of social pressure (10.33±5.09) and physical pressure (8.14±4.09), respectively. The mean total score of spiritual intelligence in caregivers was (67.32±30.84). The highest mean score was in the transcendent awareness dimension (20.54±18.75) and the lowest was in the personal meaning production dimension (13.07±6.10). There was a significant inverse relationship between the mean total score of spiritual intelligence and caregiver burden (r=- 0.63, P<0.001). Conclusion: Caregivers of breast cancer patients who have more spiritual intelligence, experience less burden of care. In fact, higher levels of spiritual intelligence act as a protective factor against the burden of care. Therefore, strengthening spiritual intelligence in oncology and radiotherapy centers is recommended.