bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Latency, uncertainty, contagion: Epistemologies of risk-as-reform in crime forecasting software
Authors: Calhoun Liz
Published: August 2023

A shift in crime analysis software used by municipal police departments in the US is currently underway from simpler predictive models to criminal ‘risk’ forecasting that uses data not specific to crime to direct police to areas with ‘environmental risk factors’ such as bars, transit stops and mental health facilities. Through analyses of interviews with developers, industry professionals and law enforcement as well as published statements, this article offers a detailed examination of how the function and premises of ‘data-driven’ policing are altered by this turn to epistemologies of risk. I argue that the latent presence of ‘disorder’ supplements visible aberrations of ‘order.’ Statistical indeterminacies are called upon to justify a range of police interventions, and a focus on arenas of contagion supplements the spatial logic of containment. These turns reveal that the paradigm of ‘risk’ participates in the cooptation by technocratic reform of critiques exposing the problematic geographies of policing. I therefore suggest a shift away from critique oriented by revealing spatial bias in purported objectivity and towards interventions in the operationalization of indeterminacy itself and the vision of public life that undergirds and is enacted by this software.
Impact of lymphedema in the management of venous leg ulcers
Authors: Moon Tina , O’Donnell Thomas F , Weycker Derek , Iafrati Mark
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Lymphedema (LED) in patients with venous leg ulcers (VLU) [VLU+LED] can impair ulcer healing and predispose to cellulitis. There is little data, however, demonstrating how lymphatic dysfunction may impact the clinical course, treatment, and healthcare expenditures for VLU+LED versus VLU−LED patients.

Objective

To determine how lymphatic dysfunction might influence treatment and expenditures among VLU patients in a large deidentified healthcare claims database.

Methods

A retrospective cohort design and data from the IBM MarketScan Database (April 2013 to March 2019) were employed. Study population comprised VLU patients, and was stratified into two subgroups: VLU+LED (index date = date of first LED diagnosis) and VLU−LED (index dates randomly assigned to match distribution of index dates for VLU+LED). Within each subgroup, patients with <1 year of healthcare claims information before and after their index dates were excluded. Demographics, comorbidities, procedures/treatments, as well as all-cause post-index medical resource utilization and expenditures ($/patient/year) of the two groups were compared. Stabilized inverse probability treatment weights (IPTWs) were employed to adjust for differences between groups in baseline characteristics.

Results

A total of 5466 VLU patients were identified (VLU+LED: N = 299; VLU−LED: N = 5167). Overall ambulatory encounters (AMB ENC) and their components were higher in VLU+LED, which were reflected in increased expenditures for this group (Table 1). Treatment with endovenous ablation (EVA) or stenting for venous hypertension as well as for specific measures for LED were higher in the 1-year post-index period for VLU+LED. The use of LED specific therapy was low for both groups, but a greater percentage of VLU+LED patients received therapy, which was predominantly manual lymphatic drainage (17.4%) rather than pneumatic compression (10.7%).

Conclusions

The clinical presence of LED in patients with VLU is a marker for a more complex disease process with more episodes of cellulitis and expenditures, but a surprisingly low specific treatment for LED.
Direct oral anticoagulants for deep vein thrombosis among patients with hereditary thrombophilia—A cohort study
Authors: Galyfos George , Chamzin Alexandros , Charalampopoulos Georgios , Liasis Nikolaos , Sigala Frangiska , Filis Konstantinos
Published: August 2023

Objectives

to evaluate direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with hereditary thrombophilia and deep venous thrombosis (DVT).

Methods

This is a retrospective observational study.

Results

In total, 45 patients were treated between 01/2012 and 12/2022 (mean follow-up: 1.5 +/− 0.3 years). The most frequent thrombophilias were heterozygous V Leiden (20%), heterozygous MTHFR C677T (37.8%), heterozygous MTHFR A1298C (24.4%), and hyperhomocysteinemia (26.7%). The patients received rivaroxaban ( n = 19), apixaban ( n = 15), and dabigatran ( n = 11). Three cases presented symptoms’ recurrence without evidence of thrombosis’ recurrence (two under rivaroxaban and one under apixaban; p > .05). These patients improved under parenteral anticoagulation and were further treated with dabigatran. No other event or major bleeding occurred during the follow-up. The presence of more than two factors was associated with acute recurrence of symptoms (OR = 25.9; 95% CI [1.454–461.262]; p = .026).

Conclusions

DOACs seem to be safe and efficient for patients with hereditary thrombophilia and DVT. The presence of more than two thrombophilia factors is associated with a higher risk for symptom recurrence. Although statistically non-significant, symptoms’ recurrence was also observed more frequently among patients under anti-Xa inhibitors than antithrombin inhibitors. This should be verified in larger comparative studies.
Is there a relationship between ‘getting up and dressed’ and functional and physical outcomes in geriatric rehabilitation inpatients? A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Goonan Rose , Mohandoss Edward , Marston Celia , Kay Jaqueline , De Silva Anurika Priyanjali , Maier Andrea B , Reijnierse Esmee , Klaic Marlena
Published: August 2023

Objectives

To evaluate the physical and functional outcomes of the ‘Ending Pyjama Paralysis’ intervention in an inpatient geriatric rehabilitation unit.

Design

Quasi-experimental mixed-methods design nested within the ‘REStORing health of acutely unwell adulTs’ (RESORT) prospective, observational, longitudinal cohort of geriatric rehabilitation inpatients study.

Setting

Geriatric rehabilitation wards in a major metropolitan public hospital between June 2019 and March 2020.

Intervention

The ‘Ending Pyjama Paralysis’ movement originated in the UK. Its aim was to encourage patients to ‘Get up, Get dressed and Get moving’ to reduce hospital-associated functional decline. However, the physical and functional benefits of this campaign have not yet been evaluated. The ‘Ending Pyjama Paralysis’ was adopted as an integrated intervention on two out of four geriatric rehabilitation wards. The two control wards received usual care.

Main Measures

Physical measures included the Short Physical Performance Battery, and functional measures included the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living and Lawton and Brody’s Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, which were completed on admission and discharge. A linear mixed-effects model was used to analyse the results.

Results

A total of 833 admissions were included in this study. Of these, 512 patients were in the control group, and 321 were in the intervention group. There were no significant differences in both physical and functional measures between the intervention and control groups.

Conclusion

The ‘Ending Pyjama Paralysis’ campaign did not result in enhanced functional or physical benefits in geriatric rehabilitation inpatients in this setting when applied in addition to usual care.
Assessment of a Real-world Learning Curve for the Endoscopic Resection of Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Sun Ying , Liu Luojie , Shi Dongtao , Ma Chao , Xu Xiaodan
Published: August 2023

Background

Endoscopic resection (ER) is a proven treatment for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (gGISTs). We aimed to assess the learning curve (LC) associated with ER for gGISTs and identify determinants.

Methods

We conducted an analysis of 289 patients who underwent the ER of gGISTs by an experienced endoscopist. To characterize the LC, we employed cumulative sum analysis of the duration of surgery. The participants were divided into an early phase (cases 1–50) and a later phase (case 51–289), which were compared. Furthermore, we identified risk factors for the conversion from endoscopic to laparoscopic resection (LR).

Results

The durations of surgery and hospitalization were shorter, and there were fewer complications and fasting days in the later phase. The conversion rates to LR were 6.0% and 2.5% in the early and later phases, respectively. The tumor diameter (≥3.0 cm) and invasion beyond the muscularis propria were significant risk factors for conversion to LR (odds ratio 17.92, 95% confidence interval 2.66–120.87; and 58.03, 6.40–525.84; respectively).

Conclusions

The LC for ER of gGISTs lasts for approximately 50 cases. In addition, tumors ≥3.0 cm in diameter and those that invade beyond the muscularis propria are more likely to require conversion to LR.
Successful anesthesia management with inhalation anesthesia in Rosai–Dorfman disease: a case report
Authors: Zhang Xinlei , Zhou Xiangjun , Liu Hanjie , Li Dezhi , Liu Song , Lu Yu
Published: August 2023

Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare, benign, non-Langerhans cell histiocytic proliferative disease. RDD with central nervous system involvement is extremely rare. Surgical excision is generally regarded as the appropriate treatment of choice for this disease, especially when the lesion causes neurological compression. RDD can be accompanied by systemic symptoms, such as malaise, fever, weight change, leukocytosis, anemia, and hormonal disturbance, which may be challenging during general management. Little is known regarding peri-anesthesia management of this rare disease. We report a case of a patient in his 20s who had recurrent RDD and had general anesthesia with perioperative management. He was obese and hepatic insufficiency. This case report adds to the literature regarding the perioperative anesthetic management of RDD with central nervous system involvement.
The Virtual Rotor Kit Project: A virtual rotor test rig for balancing experiments
Authors: Medina Uzcátegui Luis Ulises , Müller-Karger Pereda Carmen , Casanova Medina Euro
Published: August 2023

The “Virtual Rotor Kit (VRK) Project” is a lightweight and standalone application developed in response to the challenges posed by the COVID-19 outbreak in the field of rotating machinery dynamics. This alternative emulates a rotor test rig, enabling virtual balancing tests on a single-plane rotor and offering students a comprehensive learning experience that simulates on-site balancing. The Virtual Rotor Kit utilizes a three-dimensional model based on a well-known rotor test rig widely used in educational and research settings. To simulate the dynamics of the rotor test rig, the application employs PyChrono, a dedicated Python library that wraps Chrono, a validated open-source multi-physics simulation engine. A detailed usability assessment involving 41 senior mechanical engineering students yielded promising results, indicating the Virtual Rotor Kit’s potential to enhance comprehension of vibration phenomena in unbalanced rotating machines. Despite revealing certain issues related to the graphical user interface and the application's execution time, three defined achievement indicators demonstrated positive outcomes for a virtual balancing laboratory experience using the Virtual Rotor Kit application. By focusing on the dynamic behavior of a rotor test rig instead of simulating a specific laboratory experience, the application offers instructors greater flexibility in developing learning experiences. Unlike other virtual testbeds, the Virtual Rotor Kit allows students to conduct both steady-state and transient experiments, offering a comprehensive understanding of rotating machinery dynamics. Additionally, the application is distributed under the BSD-3 license and can serve as a complement to on-site laboratory experiences. The results presented in this study inspire further research and development to enhance its efficacy.
Can polycentric urban development simultaneously achieve both economic growth and regional equity? A multi-scale analysis of German regions
Authors: Li Wenzheng , Schmidt Stephan , Siedentop Stefan
Published: August 2023

Polycentric urban regions have been advocated for, and justified as enhancing both economic growth and overall competitiveness while also creating more equitable and balanced metropolitan regions. We examine the role of regional polycentricity in effectuating certain desirable outcomes, specifically enhancing economic productivity and minimizing spatial disparities simultaneously in German urban regions ( Großstadtregionen) as a case study. Using econometric analysis of both functional and morphological polycentricity measures, our results indicate that polycentric development can effectively reduce regional disparities in urban regions, but not simultaneously promote economic productivity. These findings confirm previous studies that progress toward one goal hampers progress toward another. Further investigation at a finer scale suggests that the borrowed size effect is essentially a “win-loss” game between peripheries and urban core(s) within the same urban region. Peripheries benefit from the spillovers generated by nearby urban core(s), thereby narrowing regional economic gaps and leading to more equitable regions. However, the gains of the peripheries are canceled out by the losses of the urban cores, and polycentric development has an insignificant overall effect on regional economic productivity.
Imperialism in the Financial Capital Era: Forgotten Contributions from Marxist Dependency Theory
Authors: Nunes Débora Machado
Published: August 2023

This article argues that the contributions of Marxist Dependency Theory (MDT) can provide theoretical insights for the analysis of financialized capitalism dynamics, contribute to the debate about the rise of a globalized working class, and help guide a transformative praxis in the periphery, therefore being relevant for the debate of contemporary imperialism. I discuss which traditions of dependency theories were most featured in economics literature and why I believe that MDT is marginalized and misinterpreted, focusing on the historical and political aspects of that process. Next, I debate some contributions of contemporary imperialism theory, and conclude that MDT has the potential to advance some of its core concepts and formulate a powerful synthesis.

JEL Classification: B51, F54
Shifting Mindsets: The Impact of a Patient Portal on Functioning and Recovery in a Mental Health Setting
Authors: Lo Brian , Shin Hwayeon Danielle , Kemp Jessica , Munnery Mikayla , Chen Sheng , Ma Clement , Jankowicz Damian , Mehta Rohan , Harris Alexandra , Sakal Moshe , Pundit Ryan , Chung Kevin , Kuziemsky Craig , Rossetti Sarah , Strudwick Gillian
Published: August 2023

Objective

This study aims to understand whether higher use of a patient portal can have an impact on mental health functioning and recovery.

Method

A mixed methods approach was used for this study. In 2019–2021, patients with mental health diagnoses at outpatient clinics in an academic centre were invited to complete World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale 12 (WHODAS-12) and Mental Health Recovery Measure surveys at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after signing up for the portal. At the 3-month time point, patients were invited to a semistructured interview with a member of the team to contextualize the findings obtained from the surveys. Analytics data was also collected from the platform to understand usage patterns on the portal.

Results

Overall, 113 participants were included in the analysis. There was no significant change in mental health functioning and recovery scores over the 6-month period. However, suboptimal usage was observed as 46% of participants did not complete any tasks within the portal. Thirty-five participants had low use of the portal (1–9 interactions) and 18 participants had high usage (10+ interactions). There were also no differences in mental health functioning and recovery scores between low and high users of the portal. Qualitative interviews highlighted many opportunities where the portal can support overall functioning and mental health recovery.

Conclusions

Collectively, this study suggests that higher use of a portal had no impact, either positive or negative, on mental health outcomes. While it may offer convenience and improved patient satisfaction, adequate support is needed to fully enable these opportunities for patient care. As the type of interaction with the portal was not specifically addressed, future work should focus on looking at ways to support patient engagement and portal usage throughout their care journey.
Multifunctional heating film as susceptor for induction-welded single-lap carbon fiber reinforced polyetherketoneketone thermoplastic composite joints: Thermal and mechanical behavior
Authors: Hoang Van-Tho , Lee Dae-Sung , Kweon Jin-Hwe , Kwak Byeong-Su , Nam Young-Woo
Published: August 2023

In this study, a novel multifunctional film known as susceptor, containing silver nanoparticles, was proposed to improve the induction welding performance of unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced polyetherketoneketone (CF/PEKK) thermoplastic composites. A group of Ag/PEKK films was synthesized with different amounts of silver nanoparticles. Good thermal performance was obtained, including the maximum temperature and thermal growth time constant, leading to the selection of films with 60 wt.% and 70 wt.% silver nanoparticles. In addition, the mechanical performance was evaluated for single-lap joints fabricated with the selected films and stainless-steel mesh. Specifically, the highest interlaminar shear strength and single-lap shear strength of 25.2 MPa and 20.9 MPa, respectively, were achieved with a susceptor containing 60 wt.% silver nanoparticles. The mechanism of these increases in thermal and mechanical performance is discussed using numerical and experimental methods (non-destructive test and optical microscope observation). In conclusion, the multifunctional heating film incorporated into the adhesive can improve the thermal and mechanical efficiency of single-lap joints of thermoplastic composites fabricated using the induction welding method.
Mexican American Adolescents’ Conversations About Goals: The Centrality of Financial Aspiration to Career and Educational Pursuit
Authors: Rueda Heidi Adams , Zhan Qihao , Rankin Lela , Greenberg Deaven
Published: August 2023

We explored Mexican American adolescents’ goals as discussed with a romantic relationship partner. Thirty-four Mexican American hetero-dating couples aged 15 to 17 ( M = 11.71 months dating) from an urban city in a Southwest border state participated in a video-taped discussion. Drawing on Social Cognitive Career Theory, we inductively coded for themes and found that youth prioritized career, education, family planning, travel, and relationship goals. We were sensitized to the centrality of financial aspiration to each of these themes, and further operationalized youth’s level of financial aspiration as either modest, ambivalent, or high. Applying this template, we analyzed the extent of fit of adolescents’ goals to their financial aspiration. Adolescents with modest financial aspiration evidenced clearer paths to goal-success compared to adolescents with high financial aspiration. Although adolescents with higher financial aspiration described parallel career choices, adolescents with more modest financial goals were more apt to describe clear steps to attaining their careers and additional pursuits. We recommend programing that provides the opportunity for adolescents to connect their financial aspiration to their preferred careers and lifestyle goals. Such programs should also include relationship and family-planning, as these are important to diverse youths and influence post-secondary education and career pursuit.
Mapping a shared care model in complex gastrointestinal surgery: A qualitative study of queues and stakeholders within a Canadian general surgery practice
Authors: Lee Alex , Rekman Janelle , Lamb Tyler , Reid Morgann , Rajendran Luckshi , Turner Anastasia , Moloo Husein , Balaa Fady
Published: August 2023

Shared Care Models (SCMs), in which a team of clinicians share in patient care and resource utilization, represent an opportunity for surgeon-level system change. We aimed to identify the queues and stakeholders within a complex gastrointestinal surgical care pathway to demonstrate the implications of a SCM on system efficiency. A multidisciplinary group of surgeons and care navigators working in SCMs were asked to develop a patient encounter map through consensus to illustrate relevant queues and stakeholders within a SCM. Fifteen surgeon-related queues were identified, each representing a point of potential delay to care in the patient’s journey that could be addressed by shared care. A final patient encounter map was created, and advantages and challenges of SCMs were also described from multidisciplinary group discussions. The numerous queues identified in this map ultimately reflected opportunities for more efficient care navigation under a SCM through increased surgeon availability and shared resource utilization.
Whaling and wailing: Childbirth at sea on nineteenth-century whaling voyages
Authors: Thomas Olivia L.
Published: August 2023

Nineteenth century whaling voyages commonly lasted several years, as the vessels and crews would not return to their home port until the holds were full of whale oil. Sailors with wives and families at home would be separated from their loved ones until their job at sea was done. This extended separation led many whaling wives to join their husbands on board. On the musty, cramped ships that would be their homes for several years, some whaling wives brought their children along, some were pregnant when they boarded and some conceived at sea. Ideally, a pregnant whaling wife would be put ashore in the later stages of her pregnancy to avoid giving birth on board the dirty, pitching, male-dominated whaling ship, but such relief was not always possible. Nineteenth century childbirth was shifting from female-dominated midwifery to male-dominated medical obstetrics. This change was marked by new training in midwifery, the invention of new obstetric equipment, and sometimes, more positive obstetric outcomes. Even on land, at the best of times, childbirth was still a potentially dangerous and devastating experience. This paper compares typical childbirth conditions, strategies and outcomes of the nineteenth century with those faced by whaling wives at sea.
The Association of Nonmodifiable Patient Factors on Antipsychotic Medication use in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Connell Jennifer , McCann Brittany , Feng Xiaoke , Shotwell Matthew S. , Hughes Christopher G. , Boncyk Christina S.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

We investigated the association of age, sex, race, and insurance status on antipsychotic medication use among intensive care unit (ICU) patients.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective study of adults admitted to ICUs at a tertiary academic center. Patient characteristics, hospital course, and medication (olanzapine, quetiapine, and haloperidol) data were collected. Logistic regression models evaluated the independent association of age, sex, race, and insurance status on the use of each antipsychotic, adjusting for prespecified covariates.

Results

Of 27,137 encounters identified, 6191 (22.8%) received antipsychotics. Age was significantly associated with the odds of receiving olanzapine ( P < .001), quetiapine ( P = .001), and haloperidol ( P = .0046). Male sex and public insurance status were associated with increased odds of receiving antipsychotics olanzapine, quetiapine, and haloperidol (Male vs Female: OR 1.13, 95% CI [1.04, 1.24], P = .0005; OR 1.22, 95% CI [1.10, 1.34], P = .0001; OR 1.28, 95% CI [1.17, 1.40], P < .0001, respectively; public insurance vs private insurance: OR 1.32, 95% CI [1.20, 1.46], P < .0001; OR 1.21, 95% CI [1.09, 1.34], P = .0004; OR 1.15, 95% CI [1.04, 1.27], P = .0058, respectively). Black race was also associated with a decreased odds of receiving all antipsychotics (olanzapine ( P = .0177), quetiapine ( P = .004), haloperidol ( P = .0041)).

Conclusions

Age, sex, race, and insurance status were associated with the use of all antipsychotic medications investigated, highlighting the importance of investigating the potential impact of these prescribing decisions on patient outcomes across diverse populations. Recognizing how nonmodifiable patient factors have the potential to influence prescribing practices may be considered an important factor toward optimizing medication regimens.
A Prospective Comparison of Standard Technique, Doppler Ultrasonography, and Pressure Waveform Analysis for Confirming Intraosseous Catheter Placement
Authors: Greenstein Yonatan Y. , Ferrara Scott , Jomi Jerry , Soetanto Vanessa , Zuckerman Omry , Sena Ariel , Ostrovsky Ilya , Alerhand Stephen
Published: August 2023

Purpose: Intraosseous (IO) catheters allow healthcare workers to rapidly administer fluids and medications to critically ill patients when intravenous access is inadequate or unable to be obtained. An improperly placed IO catheter can lead to delays in care, as well as serious complications such as limb necrosis. Methods: In this single-center, prospective, observational study, we compared 2 established methods of confirming proper IO catheter placement to a novel pressure waveform analysis technique in which the IO catheter is attached to a standard pressure transducer. Attaching a pressure transducer to a properly placed IO catheter produces a pulsatile waveform. Misplacement of the IO catheter produces a flatline waveform. Results: Of 42 IO catheters, 8 (19%) were incorrectly placed per the waveform analysis technique. Compared to the pressure waveform analysis technique, the standard method and the power Doppler method incorrectly classified 4/8 (50%) and 5/8 (62.5%) of the misplaced catheters, respectively. The standard method had a higher positive predictive value for detecting incorrectly placed IO catheters than the power Doppler method (100% vs 63%, respectively). Blinded reviewers demonstrated better agreement using the pressure waveform analysis technique than using power Doppler ( k = 0.77 vs k = 0.58, respectively). Conclusion: The standard and power Doppler ultrasonography techniques identify incorrectly placed IO catheters sub-optimally. The pressure waveform analysis technique is more accurate than the standard of care and has superior interrater agreement compared to the ultrasound method of confirmation. With more than 500 000 IO catheters placed in the United States each year, this novel technique may improve overall IO safety. Trial Registration Number: NCT03908879.
“We Can Only Go So Far”: Employing Intersectionality in Research with Middle-Class Black Women and Black Muslim Women
Authors: Oyewuwo Olubunmi Basirat , Walton Quenette L.
Published: August 2023

How to engage and apply intersectionality is still a point of contention among scholars. In this conceptual paper, we use examples from our preliminary research on the experiences of middle-class Black women with depression and Black Muslim women who have experienced intimate partner violence to illustrate how we applied intersectionality as a framework and a method. We highlight the foundational literature that informed our applications. We then describe how we employed intersectionality in our respective studies. Through our reflections, we conclude that intersectionality was, and continues to be, a necessary frame for guiding our work due to its rendering visible for critique and intervention categories of privilege and oppression and our centering the experiences of Black women. We, however, note having felt limited in our ability to fully apply intersectionality in our preliminary research. We conclude that what was missing for us reflects critiques of a gap in social work feminist scholarship that is a central tenet of intersectionality: liberation. We posit ways of doing intersectional research that liberates by offering recommendations for research, education, and policy.
Erving Goffman: The Social Science Maverick. Assessing the Interdisciplinary Impact of the Most Cited American Sociologist
Authors: Shalin Dmitri N.
Published: August 2023

Erving Goffman has a reputation as an intellectual maverick who did not fit neatly into any disciplinary mold. His failure to adhere to professional conventions and occasionally off-putting demeanor are mentioned as an aside that has little to do with his oversize influence on the science of society. This paper advances a thesis that Goffman’s status as the most cited American sociologist and widespread influence across social science is related to his principled refusal to fit his scholarship into prevailing scholarly canons. The argument is made that Goffman shared with his mentor, Everett Hughes, misgivings about the narrow professional focus in contemporary sociology, that his cross-disciplinary approach advanced social inquiry beyond its traditional confines, and that his colloquial style and penchant for long essays helped disseminate his ideas. The discussion starts with an overview of Goffman’s professional career, after which it moves to the reception of his ideas by fellow sociologists and the impact of his work on neighboring disciplines. The study draws on the interviews, correspondence, and other documents assembled in the Erving Goffman Archives, as well as on several social science citation indexes and datasets illuminating Goffman’s stature in various fields of scholarship.
Gender, Money, and Sexuality: An Exploration into the Relational Work of Pakistani Khwajasiras
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad Junaid , Pianezzi Daniela
Published: August 2023

This study explores how khwajasiras, a community of gender-variant persons in Pakistan, engage in relational work to gain recognition in a heteronormative world. We highlight how these workers negotiate the meanings of their intimate relationships with different forms, frequencies, amounts, and payment media of financial exchanges. We have identified four such relations i.e. romantic relations, spousal relations, taboo relations, and professional relations. Our analysis shows how these relations and associated financial exchanges allow khwajasiras to navigate gender norms and negotiate recognition by alternatively and creatively playing the role of the khwajasira lover, the khwajasira wife, the khwajasira survival prostitute, and the khwajasira professional sex worker. In enacting these roles, they simultaneously reaffirm, redefine, and challenge dominant gender norms while resisting stable and fixed definitions of transgender sex work(ers). These findings unpack the contingent and situated relationship between gender, sexuality, and sex work and the critical role of financial exchange(s) therein.
Mechanical properties of a new 3D printed gradable porous cellular lattice structure considering surface-to-volume capability
Authors: Mohammadi Zohreh , Asgari Masoud , Soltani Madjid
Published: August 2023

In recent years, significant progress in additive manufacturing (AM) techniques has enabled the design and manufacturing of cellular structures with precise micro-architecture and complex cell topologies. This advancement has significantly bolstered the manufacturing of porous materials, leading to the enhancement of their mechanical properties without compromising their lightweight nature. In this paper, a new cellular structure with cell migration capability for the regeneration of bones is designed and introduced. Uniform and functional graded porous lattice structures are manufactured based on the new unit cell with AM technology. The mechanical properties of the unit cell and the cellular structures in two directions are derived analytically. To validate analytical mathematical equations, numerical modeling and experimental tests are conducted. The results of experimental, numerical, and analytical studies are compared to each other and show good agreement. The discrepancy between the yield stress values obtained from the analytical and experimental models of the functional specimen falls within an acceptable range of error regarding usual uncertainties in manufacturing process and surface quality besides the theoretical limitations. Finally, we utilize the genetic algorithm to perform single and multi-objective optimizations on the performance of the unit cell. The optimization results indicate that the new unit cell with optimized lengths sides can improve cell migration and bone regeneration according to the mentioned criteria for the optimization.
Performance assessment of different cooling conditions in the sustainable machining of Hastelloy X alloy
Authors: Huang Xiaoming , Zhou Qian , Mahalingam Sivakumar , Nagarajan Lenin , Kumar Poongavanam Ganesh , Sivalingam Vinothkumar
Published: August 2023

The primary goal of this study is to explore techniques that can enhance the machinability of Hastelloy X under different cooling conditions. L27 orthogonal turning experiments were performed with process parameters such as cutting speed ( vc), feed rate ( f) and depth of cut ( ap) to study the effect of tool wear and machining cost. The control parameters of a procedure were evaluated through a multiple linear regression model (MLRM) derived from the correlation between the output responses and the input parameters. A multi-verse optimisation algorithm (MVO) was proposed for optimisation studies. It achieves this by minimising the tool wear and machining cost. The proposed algorithm was evaluated against the techniques used for particle swarm and salp swarm optimisations. According to the study, the MVO algorithm outperformed other methods to identify the optimal control parameters for a given process. Based on the analysis, the anticipated tool wear duration is 17.57 min, and the machining cost is estimated at 0.934 $/cm3 under cryogenic conditions. Cryogenic cooling reduces chipping and adhesion in cutting by minimising workpiece softening and improving cutting tool hardness.
A study on copyright issues of different controlled digital lending (CDL) modes
Authors: Wang Ying , Lipinski Tomas A.
Published: August 2023

In the recent years, CDL has been heatedly talked about, CDL should be treated objectively and rationally. Getting knowledge of CDL modes and their copyright issues is critical for sustainable development of CDL. Rather than CDL becomes a transient phenomenon as a result of many copyright hurdles. The paper will explore CDL modes by combing CDL practices and programs from research papers and official website documents of different library organizations. Then, based on legal frameworks of CDL in the US, Canada and the UK which are summarized, copyright issues of CDL modes are analyzed from perspectives of implementing institution, service resources, and usage mode. Finally, some copyright recommendations for sustainable development of CDL are proposed. We believe that library institutions can use CDL to advance their crucial mission for the public’s interest through making sense of different CDL modes and their copyright issues and implementing some proposals about copyright processing.
Sample sizes required to estimate the protective efficacy of a vaccine when there is an unequal allocation of individuals across the vaccine and placebo groups
Authors: Bose Meghna , Biswas Atanu
Published: August 2023

The effectiveness of a vaccine is measured by means of protective vaccine efficacy, defined by [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are, respectively, the disease attack rates in the vaccinated and the unvaccinated population. For each of the cohoret and case-control designs, methods have been presented in the literature for calculating the required sample size when the desired width of the confidence interval and the probability of coverage are pre-specified, where an equal number of individuals were assumed to be allocated to the vaccine and placebo group. In this article, we present a method for calculating the required sample size with a specified degree of precision when there is an unequal allocation of individuals across the two groups. The sample size required to achieve a desired power for the relevant level [Formula: see text] test has also been explored, keeping the unequal allocation proportion in mind. The fraction of individuals allocated to the placebo group ([Formula: see text]) can be so chosen that the total sample size or the expected number of people developing the disease or some other criteria of interest is minimized.
Introduction: Democratic Constitutionalism in a Populist Age
Authors: Webber Jeremy , Schmidtke Oliver , Bodnár Eszter
Published: August 2023

This article introduces the special issue on Democratic Constitutionalism in a Populist Age.
Parents Responding to TGNC Children: A Qualitative Metasummary
Authors: Tyler Tee R. , Huddleston Boglarka S. , Kronner Henry W. , Calloway Emily T. , Martin Kimberly G. , Morgan Amber L. , Aguilar René , Wheeler Sydney A. , Dean Dimia E.
Published: August 2023

This article outlines a qualitative metasummary of studies with qualitative findings collected from parents of transgender and gender-nonconforming (TGNC) children. This literature review study describes parents’ experiences of responding to TGNC children. The step of data analysis for this study resulted in a data set of 34 research articles with two primary themes, four subthemes, and 17 findings. The two primary themes represent challenges parents faced and changes they made relating to their TGNC children. We created this report to share with mental health professionals, such as clinical social workers, serving TGNC children and their parents. This metasummary report concludes with recommendations mental health professionals can implement to improve services offered to TGNC child mental health care recipients and their accompanying parents.
Superfund Sites and the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law in New Jersey State: A Photo Essay
Authors: Persaud Eric
Published: August 2023

In 2021, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, also known as the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL), became law, with one component being an investment to clean-up Superfund and Brownfield sites. Through BIL funding, the Environmental Protection Agency announced $3.5 billion to clean-up Superfund sites that have been awaiting funding for years in mostly historically underserved communities. As in many states, the 3 Superfund sites used as examples in this essay are in a metropolitan or surrounding area and in residential communities. The photos in this essay help highlight how hazardous waste sites have come to look like normal industrial sites and that communities are often unaware of the dangerous exposures they face. The author suggests that in the age of social media, taking pictures and documentation of hazardous waste sites today in our communities can help mobilize public awareness and drive action to be taken toward delayed clean-up.
Association of Hospice Agency Location and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage in the U.S.
Authors: Osakwe Zainab Toteh , Calixte Rose , Peterson Mandi-Leigh , Young Sean G. , Ikhapoh Izuagie , Pierre Kaydeen , McIntosh Jennifer T. , Senteio Charles , Girardin Jean-Louis
Published: August 2023

Background

Despite the growing increase in the utilization of hospice in the U.S, disparities exist in the utilization of hospice. Accumulating evidence has shown that neighborhood characteristics have an impact on availability of hospice agencies.

Objective

To assess the association between neighborhood social vulnerability and hospice agency availability.

Methods

Using the Medicare Post-Acute Care and Hospice Provider Utilization and Payment Public Use Files (PAC PUF) for 2019. Hospice agency addresses were geocoded to the census tract level. Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to assess the association between socioeconomic status SVI theme and hospice agency availability adjusting for number of home health agencies, primary care health profession shortage, per cent Black, and Percent Hispanic at the census tract level and rurality.

Results

The socioeconomic status SVI subtheme was associated with decreased likelihood of hospice agency availability (adjusted IRR (aIRR), .56; 95% CI, .50- .63; P < .001). Predominantly Black, and predominantly Hispanic neighborhoods had lower rates of hospice agency availability (aIRR, .48; 95% CI, .39-.59; P < .001 and aIRR, .29; 95% CI, .24-.36; P < .001), respectively.

Conclusion

Neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with lower availability of hospice agencies. Policies aimed at increasing access to hospice should be cognizant of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage.
Experimental Investigations on effectiveness of viscous and viscous inertial dampers on reducing the multimodal vibrations of stay cables
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Li Shouying , Qie Kai , Zhang Hongyi , Chen Zhengqing
Published: August 2023

The additional damping ratios provided by viscous dampers (VDs) and viscous inertial damper (VID), were tested in the laboratory to estimate the effectiveness of these dampers on mitigating the multimodal vibrations of stay cable. First, two plate eddy current dampers (PECDs), in which the damping coefficients can be conveniently adjusted, were specially designed and manufactured. The mechanical property of these PECDs was obtained by tests and numerical simulations. Second, the natural frequencies of a test stay cable were carefully determined by tests and numerical analysis, and the effect of cable sag was carefully analyzed. Third, a series of tests including 12 test cases were carried out to validate the effectiveness of a single VD, a single VID, and two VDs, in which PECD is a typical VD, an additional mass is attached on the test stay cable near the PECD and the output is similar to that of a VID. The amplitude and frequency of the vibration have little effect on the mechanical properties of PECD. The inherent damping ratios of the first 25 modes are in the range from 0.068% to 0.22%. It appears that low efficiency to simultaneously enhance the damping ratios of the first 25 modes can be found by adding a single VD and a single VID with the installation position of 4.75% l. However, two VDs installing on 2.75% l and 4.75% l has a significant improvement on the damping ratios of the 15th∼25th modes, and should be considered to a reasonable countermeasure to simultaneously reduce the low-order rain-wind induced vibrations and high-order vortex-induced vibration by raising the modal damping ratios.
Consumers’ Ethical Perceptions of Autonomous Service Robots in Hotels
Authors: Lin Boyu , Lee Woojin , Wise Nicholas , Choi Hwansuk Chris
Published: August 2023

This study empirically and comprehensively explores consumers’ ethical perceptions of autonomous service robots (ASRs) in hotels. Under the triangulation approach, this study has identified eight themes of consumer perceived ethical issues (privacy, security, safety, transparency, fairness, socialization, autonomy, and responsibility). Each theme can be explained from two dimensions: ethical issues arise during the interaction (i.e., ubiquitous surveillance, excessive data, unidentified risks, service disclosure, inaccessibility, dehumanization, selection of services, and service recovery), and ethical issues can be raised by the characteristics of ASRs (i.e., privacy infringement, malicious use, malfunctions, untrustworthiness, biased features, job replacement, inflexibility, and self-identified solutions). This study is the first to propose ethical issues of ASRs from two dimensions with different intelligence levels, and to highlight ethical issues during hotel service interactions. The findings contribute to ethics studies of service robots from consumers’ perspectives and offer managerial insights to reduce ethical concerns and enhance ASRs usage in hotels.
Resolution of Macular Edema secondary to rituximab after intravitreal dexamethasone: A case report and a review of the literature
Authors: Maceroni Martina , Minnella Angelo Maria
Published: August 2023

Purpose

to report a case of bilateral macular edema (ME) secondary to Rituximab infusions in a woman affected by IgG4-Related Disease and to review of prior cases of ME related to Rituximab.

Observations

ME completely resolved after Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant (IDI).

Conclusions and Importance

ME is a rare complication after Rituximab infusions and very few cases are reported in the literature. Usually, ME occurs a few weeks after systemic administration and is probably related to a local release of cytokines. It resolves with oral, subtenon or intravitreal steroids. Our case is the first showing that IDI is a safe and effective treatment in ME secondary to Rituximab. Rituximab is not required to be discontinued if treatment for ME is started.
Bilateral effect following off label unilateral intravitreal brolucizumab injection in patient with pseudophakic cystoid macular edema
Authors: Kelkar Aditya , Bolisetty Mounika , Jadhav Apoorva
Published: August 2023

Purpose

To report a bilateral reduction in pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) after unilateral intravitreal injection (IVI) of brolucizumab.

Observations

A 64-year-old female with bilateral recalcitrant PCME was treated with one dose of intravitreal ozurdex implant and triamcinolone acetonide each in both the eyes, with an equivocal response. On switching to IVI brolucizumab in the right eye (OD), the patient showed significant improvement in the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) with a notable reduction in the intraretinal fluid (IRF) and central subfield thickness (CST) in both the eyes at one month.

Conclusions and Importance

In conclusion, IVI brolucizumab is effective for the management of recalcitrant PCME with good visual and anatomical outcomes at one month. However, this molecule can also have therapeutic efficacy in the uninjected eye possibly due to systemic escape. More research into the pharmacokinetic properties of this novel molecule is needed to validate our findings.
Spinal fusion and total hip arthroplasty: why timing is important
Authors: Mohamed Nequesha S , Salib Christopher G , Sax Oliver C , Remily Ethan A , Douglas Scott J , Delanois Ronald E
Published: August 2023

Background:

There is increasing debate among orthopaedic surgeons over the temporal relationship between lumbar spinal fusion (LSF) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) for patients with hip-spine syndrome. Few large studies have directly compared the results of patients who undergo LSF prior to THA (LSF-THA) to those who undergo LSF after THA (THA-LSF). The current study matched THA patients with a prior LSF to patients who underwent LSF after THA to assess: 90-day and 1-year (1) medical/surgical complications; and (2) revisions.

Methods:

We queried a national, all-payer database to identify all patients undergoing THA between 2010 and 2018 ( n = 716,084). The LSF-THA patients and THA-LSF patients were then matched 1:1 on age, sex, Charleson Comorbidity Index, and obesity. Medical/surgical complications and revisions at 90 days and 1 year were recorded. Categorical and continuous variables were analysed utilising t-tests and chi-square, respectively.

Results:

LSF-THA patients experienced significantly more postoperative dislocations at 90 days and 1 year compared to THA-LSF patients ( p = 0.048 and p < 0.001). There were a similar number of revisions performed for LSF-THA and THA-LSF patients at both 90 days and 1 year ( p = 0.183 and p = 0.426). Furthermore, at 1 year, LSF-THA patients experienced more pneumonia ( p = 0.005) and joint infection ( p = 0.020).

Conclusions:

Prior LSF has been demonstrated to increase the risk of postoperative dislocation in patients undergoing THA. The results of the present study demonstrate increased dislocations with LSF-THA compared to THA-LSF. For “hip spine syndrome” patients requiring both LSF and THA, it may be more beneficial to undergo THA prior to LSF. Arthroplasty surgeons may wish to collaborate with spinal surgeons to ensure optimal outcomes for this group of patients.