bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paraventricular, subparaventricular and periventricular hypothalamic IRS4-expressing neurons are required for normal energy balance
Authors: Sutton Hickey Ames K. , Gonzalez Ian E. , Sadagurski Marianna , Rajala Michael , Lu Chunxia , Allison Margaret B. , Adams Jessica M. , Myers Martin G. , White Morris F. , Olson David P.
Published: March 2020

Understanding the neural components modulating feeding-related behavior and energy expenditure is crucial to combating obesity and its comorbidities. Neurons within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) are a key component of the satiety response; activation of the PVH decreases feeding and increases energy expenditure, thereby promoting negative energy balance. In contrast, PVH ablation or silencing in both rodents and humans leads to substantial obesity. Recent studies have identified genetically-defined PVH subpopulations that control discrete aspects of energy balance (e.g. oxytocin (OXT), neuronal nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1), melanocortin 4-receptor (MC4R), prodynorphin (PDYN)). We previously demonstrated that non-OXT NOS1PVH neurons contribute to PVH-mediated feeding suppression. Here, we identify and characterize a non-OXT, non-NOS1 subpopulation of PVH and peri-PVH neurons expressing insulin-receptor substrate 4 (IRS4PVH) involved in energy balance control. Using Cre-dependent viral tools to activate, trace and silence these neurons, we highlight the sufficiency and necessity of IRS4PVH neurons in normal feeding and energy expenditure regulation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IRS4PVH neurons lie within a complex hypothalamic circuitry that engages distinct hindbrain regions and is innervated by discrete upstream hypothalamic sites. Overall, we reveal a requisite role for IRS4PVH neurons in PVH-mediated energy balance which raises the possibility of developing novel approaches targeting IRS4PVH neurons for anti-obesity therapies.
The interaction between pain and attractiveness perception in others
Authors: Meng Jing , Li Xiong , Peng Weiwei , Li Zuoshan , Shen Lin
Published: March 2020

When considering the “beauty-is-good” stereotype, facial attractiveness should facilitate empathy for pain. On the other hand, having in mind the “threat value of pain” hypothesis, pain cues would be more salient, and thus, its processing would not suffer influence by facial attractiveness. The event-related potential (ERP) allows investigating if one of these theories could predict individuals’ responses regarding the perception of pain or attractiveness in others’ faces. We tracked 35 participants’ reactions to pictures depicting more and less attractive faces displayed in a painful and non-painful condition. Each participant completed the following two tasks when presented the images of faces: (1) the Pain Judgment Task, in which participants should rate the pain levels, and (2) the Attractiveness Judgment Task, in which participants should rate the attractiveness. Results showed that participants exhibited differences rating more and less attractive faces in the non-painful pictures, but not in the painful pictures. These results were observed in P3 and LPC amplitudes in the Pain Judgment Task, as well as in N170 and P2 amplitudes in the Attractive Judgment Task. Our results suggested that both explicit and implicit empathic pain processing inhibited the processing of attractiveness perception. These findings supported the “threat value of pain” hypothesis. Besides, in the Attractive Judgment Task, the N170 and P2 amplitudes for more attractive painful pictures were larger than those for more attractive non-painful pictures. In contrast, no significant difference was found between the amplitudes for painful and non-painful, less attractive pictures. Our findings suggest that explicit facial attractiveness processing for more attractive face images potentiates the implicit empathy for pain processing, therefore partly supporting the “beautiful-is-good” stereotype.
Comparative study of the implementation of tin and titanium oxide nanoparticles as electrodes materials in Li-ion batteries
Authors: Prado Félix del , Andersen Hanne Flåten , Taeño María , Mæhlen Jan Petter , Ramírez-Castellanos Julio , Maestre David , Karazhanov Smagul , Cremades Ana
Published: March 2020

Transition metal oxides potentially present higher specific capacities than the current anodes based on carbon, providing an increasing energy density as compared to commercial Li-ion batteries. However, many parameters could influence the performance of the batteries, which depend on the processing of the electrode materials leading to different surface properties, sizes or crystalline phases. In this work a comparative study of tin and titanium oxide nanoparticles synthesized by different methods, undoped or Li doped, used as single components or in mixed ratio, or alternatively forming a composite with graphene oxide have been tested demonstrating an enhancement in capacity with Li doping and better cyclability for mixed phases and composite anodes.
Microstructural heterogeneity in the electrodeposited Ni: insights from growth modes
Authors: Matsui Isao , Watanabe Atsuya , Takigawa Yorinobu , Omura Naoki , Yamamoto Takahisa
Published: March 2020

Microstructures of electrodeposited Ni were studied from the perspective of growth modes during electrodeposition. The electrodeposited Ni had a heterogeneous microstructure composed of nanocrystalline- and microcrystalline-grains. Electron backscatter diffraction analyses showed that nanocrystalline- and microcrystalline-grains were preferentially oriented to specific planes. Secondary ion mass spectrometry also revealed that coarse-grained regions had higher S content than that of finer-grained regions. Hence, microstructural heterogeneity in electrodeposited Ni is reflected by the overlap of inhibited and free growth modes. Our discussion surrounding microstructural heterogeneity also provides insight into other electrodeposited nanocrystalline systems.
Utility of Tear Osmolarity Measurement in Diagnosis of Dry Eye Disease
Authors: Tashbayev Bezhod , Utheim Tor Paaske , Utheim Øygunn Aass , Ræder Sten , Jensen Janicke Liaaen , Yazdani Mazyar , Lagali Neil , Vitelli Valeria , Dartt Darlene A. , Chen Xiangjun
Published: March 2020

The prevalence of dry eye disease is high worldwide and poses a great burden on patients’ daily lives. Accurate diagnosis of the disease is important, and it requires application of various methods. Hyperosmolarity is believed to be the disease marker and thus measuring it provides useful information. In this study we investigated utility of tear osmolarity measured with TearLab osmometer, along with other diagnostic tests (Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire, Tear film break-up time, Ocular Protection Index, Ocular Surface Staining, Schirmer I test, Meibomian gland functionality in 757 patients (1514 eyes) with dry eye disease and 29 healthy controls (58 eyes). Statistical differences between the patient group and the control group were observed for all the tests apart from tear osmolarity, regardless of cut-off value (>308 mOsm/L, >316 mOsm/L, and inter-eye difference >8 mOsm/L). Moreover, in the receiver operating characteristics curve analyses tear osmolarity measurement could not discriminate dry eye disease pathological scores. Therefore, our study suggests that tear osmolarity measured with TearLab osmometer cannot be used as a key indicator of DED.
Signatures of complex optical response in Casimir interactions of type I and II Weyl semimetals
Authors: Rodriguez-Lopez Pablo , Popescu Adrian , Fialkovsky Ignat , Khusnutdinov Nail , Woods Lilia M.
Published: March 2020

The Casimir interaction, induced by electromagnetic fluctuations between objects, is strongly dependent upon the electronic and optical properties of the materials making up the objects. Here we investigate this ubiquitous interaction between semi-infinite spaces of topologically nontrivial Weyl semimetals. A comprehensive examination of all components of the bulk conductivity tensor and the surface conductivity due to the Fermi arc states in real and imaginary frequency domains is presented using the Kubo formalism for materials with different degree of tilting of their linear energy cones. The Casimir energy is calculated using a generalized Lifshitz approach, for which electromagnetic boundary conditions for anisotropic materials were derived and used. We find that the interaction between Weyl semimetals is metallic-like and its magnitude and characteristic distance dependence can be modified by the degree of tilting and chemical potential. The nontrivial topology plays a secondary role in the interaction and thermal fluctuations are expected to have similar effects as in metallic systems.
The fingerprint of essential bio-oils by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Ramírez Claudia X. , Palacio Lozano Diana Catalina , Jones Hugh E. , Cabanzo Hernández Rafael , Barrow Mark P. , Mejia-Ospino Enrique
Published: March 2020

Six essential oils were analyzed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry coupled to negative electrospray ionization (ESI(–)/FT-ICR MS).
Common cancer mutations R175H and R273H drive the p53 DNA-binding domain towards aggregation-prone conformations
Authors: Li Le , Li Xuhua , Tang Yiming , Lao Zenghui , Lei Jiangtao , Wei Guanghong
Published: March 2020

Cancer mutations R175H and R273H induce p53C towards aggregation-prone conformations by increasing their SASA, water exposure of H-bonds and flexibility of loop2.
Double-metal cyanide as an acid and hydrogenation catalyst for the highly selective ring-rearrangement of biomass-derived furfuryl alcohol to cyclopentenone compounds
Authors: Li Xiang , Deng Qiang , Yu Lian , Gao Rui , Tong Zhikun , Lu Chenxi , Wang Jun , Zeng Zheling , Zou Ji-Jun , Deng Shuguang
Published: March 2020

Herein, novel green synthetic routes to 4-hydroxy-2-cyclopentenone (HCP) and 2-cyclopentenone (CPE) from biomass-derived furfuryl alcohol via double-metal cyanide catalysis are proposed.
The CpG molecular structure controls the mineralization of calcium phosphate nanoparticles and their immunostimulation efficacy as vaccine adjuvants
Authors: Khalifehzadeh Razieh , Arami Hamed
Published: March 2020

Effects of the CpG molecular structure on the mineralization and immunostimulation efficacy of calcium phosphate nanoparticles are explored for vaccine delivery applications.
Acceptor–donor–acceptor molecule processed using polar non-halogenated solvents for organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Zhang Guobing , Zhou Wei , Kim Minkyu , Sun Mingxiang , Lu Hongbo , Qiu Longzhen , Cho Kilwon , Ding Yunsheng
Published: March 2020

The polar non-chlorinated solvents were used as processed solvents for fabricating small molecule-based high-performance OFETs.
Nano-crystalline cellulose-coated magnetic nanoparticles for affinity adsorption of glycoproteins
Authors: Zhang Jiaying , Feng Xiangyu , Wang Jing , Fang Guozhen , Liu Jifeng , Wang Shuo
Published: March 2020

A new core–shell structured nanomaterial based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles and 2,3-dialdehyde nanocrystalline cellulose (DAC) coatings and its high efficiency in the preconcentration of glycoproteins were described in this work.
Development and characteristics of a new certified reference material for landfill cover soil analysis with extraction using dilute hydrochloric acid
Authors: Nishikawa Masataka , Sano Tomoharu , Nagano Kimiyo , Ukachi Miyuki , Onishi Kaoru , Yamakawa Akane , Takeuchi Akinori , Hirano Masako , Mori Ikuko
Published: March 2020

A new environmental certified reference material (CRM) has been developed by the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) to support research and development studies on trace heavy metals in landfill cover soils.
Determination of benzo(a)pyrene in the exhaled breath condensate of cigarette smokers by microextraction and HPLC-UV
Authors: Hatefi Ayda , Alvani-Alamdari Sima , Rahimpour Elaheh , Khoubnasabjafari Maryam , Jouyban-Gharamaleki Vahid , Jouyban Abolghasem
Published: March 2020

Development of an ultrasonication assisted microextraction based on low-density organic solvents coupled with HPLC-UV for extraction/determination of benzo(a)pyrene in exhaled breath condensate (EBC).
Methylcellulose – a versatile printing material that enables biofabrication of tissue equivalents with high shape fidelity
Authors: Ahlfeld T. , Guduric V. , Duin S. , Akkineni A. R. , Schütz K. , Kilian D. , Emmermacher J. , Cubo-Mateo N. , Dani S. , Witzleben M. v. , Spangenberg J. , Abdelgaber R. , Richter R. F. , Lode A. , Gelinsky M.
Published: March 2020

This minireview highlights the use of the polysaccharide methylcellulose for biofabrication applications. Its properties are useful for printing of dissolvable support structures as well as the development of novel bioinks.
The design of hypercrosslinked polymers from benzyl ether self-condensing compounds and external crosslinkers
Authors: Woodward Robert T.
Published: March 2020

Hypercrosslinked polymers were produced via the self-condensation of benzyl ether compounds, providing a one-component route to highly porous networks and significant reductions in catalyst waste compared to conventional routes.
Machine learning methods to predict the crystallization propensity of small organic molecules
Authors: Pereira Florbela
Published: March 2020

Machine learning algorithms were explored for the prediction of the crystallization propensity based on molecular descriptors and fingerprints generated from 2D chemical structures and 3D chemical structures optimized with empirical methods.
Dissociative nature of C(sp2)–N(sp3) bonds of carbazole based materials via conical intersection: simple method to predict the exciton stability of host materials for blue OLEDs: a computational study
Authors: Vijaya Sundar J. , Rajakumar B.
Published: March 2020

C(sp2)–N(sp3) fragmentation in OLED host materials is a fundamental property and it occurs through S0/S1 conical intersection. The kinetics of the degradation is controlled by excited state barrier height which is negatively correlated to HOMO–LUMO gap and thus provides information on the exciton stability of host materials in blue OLEDs.
Effects of anaerobic digester solids retention time on odor emission and dewaterability of biosolids subjected to various shear intensities, polymer doses, and storage duration times
Authors: Zhang Dian , Strawn Mary , Broderick Tom , Novak John T. , Wang Zhi-Wu
Published: March 2020

Shear intensity and polymer dose contributed more than SRT to odor emission from dewatered cake.
Selenoproteins and renal programming in metabolic syndrome-exposed rat offspring
Authors: Ojeda María Luisa , Nogales Fátima , Serrano Alejandra , Murillo María Luisa , Carreras Olimpia
Published: March 2020

Selenoprotein implication in oxidative stress-related renal programming alteration in MS pups.
Active tuning of Mie resonances to realize sensitive photothermal measurement of single nanoparticles
Authors: Yan Jiahao , Li Yuchao , Lou Zaizhu , Ma Churong , Yang Guowei , Li Baojun
Published: March 2020

High-index all-dielectric nanostructures with Mie-type resonances have promising applications in building optical nanodevices and metasurfaces.
A DFT screening of single transition atoms supported on MoS2 as highly efficient electrocatalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction
Authors: Zhai Xingwu , Li Lei , Liu Xiaoyue , Li Yafei , Yang Jueming , Yang Dezheng , Zhang Jinli , Yan Hongxia , Ge Guixian
Published: March 2020

Re@MoS2 possesses the best NRR catalytic activity with a limiting potential of −0.43 V among TM@MoS2 systems.
Catalysts confined inside CNTs derived from 2D metal–organic frameworks for electrolysis
Authors: Xia Qinghua , Liu Haimin , Jin Mengmeng , Lai Linfei , Qiu Yongting , Zhai Haili , Li Hongbo , Liu Xiang
Published: March 2020

CNT confined catalysts have been prepared by annealing of two-dimensional metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheets under a H2/Ar atmosphere.
Efflux pump insensitive rhodamine–jasplakinolide conjugates for G- and F-actin imaging in living cells
Authors: Gerasimaitė Rūta , Seikowski Jan , Schimpfhauser Jens , Kostiuk Georgij , Gilat Tanja , D'Este Elisa , Schnorrenberg Sebastian , Lukinavičius Gražvydas
Published: March 2020

Fluorescent actin probes made of 6′-carbopyronines and jasplakinolide are insensitive to efflux pumps and stain F- and G-actin efficiently in living cells, allowing high quality 2D and 3D nanoscopy of dynamic actin structures.
Singlet oxygen mediated dual C–C and C–N bond cleavage in visible light
Authors: Ritu  , Sharma Charu , Kumar Sharvan , Jain Nidhi
Published: March 2020

A tandem cleavage of carbon–carbon and carbon–nitrogen bonds in imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and imidazo[1,2-a]quinolines is reported in the presence of eosin Y and visible light.
Multiring-induced multicolour emission: hyperbranched polysiloxane with silicon bridge for data encryption
Authors: Feng Yuanbo , Yan Hongxia , Ding Fan , Bai Tian , Nie Yufeng , Zhao Yan , Feng Weixu , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: March 2020

The presented work shows an impressive multicolour luminescence hyperbranched polysiloxane attributed to the multiring through-space conjugation named “multiring induced multicolor emission” (MIE), as well as its application in data encryption.
Carbon electrode engineering for high efficiency all-inorganic perovskite solar cells
Authors: Mi Longfei , Zhang Yan , Chen Taotao , Xu Enze , Jiang Yang
Published: March 2020

A carbon/CNT/MXene mixed electrode in CsPbBr3 solar cells provides a network structure and multi-dimensional charge transfer path, which effectively increases the conductivity of the carbon electrode and carriers transport.
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic studies on the adsorption behaviour of nitric oxide on a Ru covered Au nanoparticle film
Authors: Ge Ming , Wu Qian , Yin Lu , Xu Minmin , Yuan Yaxian , Guo Qinghua , Yao Jianlin
Published: March 2020

A SERS borrowing strategy with well-designed substrates has been developed to monitor the adsorption and dissociation of NO at Au/Ru surfaces.
Time-dependent synergism of five-component mixture systems of aminoglycoside antibiotics toVibrio qinghaiensissp.-Q67 induced by a key component
Authors: Zhang Jin , Tao Meng-ting , Song Chongchong , Sun Bai
Published: March 2020

There was time-dependent synergism in the five-component mixture systems of five antibiotics, which induced by STS.
Solvent-assisted linker exchange as a tool for the design of mixed-linker MIL-140D structured MOFs for highly selective detection of gaseous H2S
Authors: Schulz Marcel , Marquardt Nele , Schäfer Malte , Heinemeyer Thea , Schaate Andreas
Published: March 2020

Solvent-assisted linker exchange was used as tool to modify a MIL-140D-sdc (sdc = 4,4′-stilbenedicarboxylate) MOF with azostilbene dicarboxylic acid. The azo groups can act as coordination sites for copper ions and allow the use of this material as sensor for gaseous H2S.
Hybrids based on borate-functionalized cellulose nanofibers and noble-metal nanoparticles as sustainable catalysts for environmental applications
Authors: Esquivel-Peña Vicente , Guccini Valentina , Kumar Sugam , Salazar-Alvarez German , Rodríguez de San Miguel Eduardo , de Gyves Josefina
Published: March 2020

We report the synthesis of supported noble metal nanoparticles on cellulose nanofibers cross-linked with borate as highly efficient sustainable catalysts.
Cerium separation with NaBiO3 nanoflower material via an oxidation adsorption strategy
Authors: Wang Ning , Li Yi , Xie Lei , Zhang Fan , Ma Kai-Qiang , Chen Xi-Peng , Hu Sheng , Yang Chu-Ting , Wang Xiao-Lin
Published: March 2020

NaBiO3 nanoflowers, with a unique nanostructure, exhibit both high adsorption capacity and the best Ce selectivity for intralanthanide separation.
Correction: An NIR-responsive mesoporous silica nanosystem for synergetic photothermal-immunoenhancement therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang‡ Han , Liu‡ Hong-sheng , Hou Wen , Gao Jun-xiao , Duan Yue , Wei Daohe , Gong Xiao-qun , Wang Han-jie , Wu Xiao-li , Chang Jin
Published: March 2020

Correction for ‘An NIR-responsive mesoporous silica nanosystem for synergetic photothermal-immunoenhancement therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma’ by Han Yang et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2020, 8, 251–259.
The effect of alkyl side chain length on the formation of two semi-crystalline phases in low band gap conjugated polymers
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Leenaers Pieter J. , Wienk Martijn M. , Janssen René A. J.
Published: March 2020

The length of solubilizing alkyl chains affects the formation, structure, and properties of two semi-crystalline phases in conjugated polymers.
Low-threshold stimulated emission in perovskite quantum dots: single-exciton optical gain induced by surface plasmon polaritons at room temperature
Authors: Zhao Litao , Chen Yu , Yu Xiantong , Xing Xiao , Chen Jinquan , Song Jun , Qu Junle
Published: March 2020

The surface plasmon polaritons induced single-exciton lasing of lead halide perovskite QDs in room temperature may provide a new concept for the further design of low threshold stimulated emission colloidal nanocrystal lasers.
Effects of PKB/Akt inhibitors on insulin-stimulated lipogenesis and phosphorylation state of lipogenic enzymes in white adipose tissue
Authors: Hussain Nusrat , Chuang Sheng-Ju , Johanns Manuel , Vertommen Didier , Steinberg Gregory R. , Kemp Bruce E. , Rider Mark H.
Published: March 2020

We investigated acute effects of two allosteric protein kinase B (PKB) inhibitors, MK-2206 and Akti-1/2, on insulin-stimulated lipogenesis in rat epididymal adipocytes incubated with fructose as carbohydrate substrate. In parallel, the phosphorylation state of lipogenic enzymes in adipocytes and incubated epididymal fat pads was monitored by immunoblotting. Preincubation of rat epididymal adipocytes with PKB inhibitors dose-dependently inhibited the following: insulin-stimulated lipogenesis, increased PKB Ser473 phosphorylation, increased PKB activity and decreased acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) Ser79 phosphorylation. In contrast, the effect of insulin to decrease the phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) at Ser293 and Ser300 was not abolished by PKB inhibition. Insulin treatment also induced ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) Ser454 phosphorylation, but this effect was less sensitive to PKB inhibitors than ACC dephosphorylation by insulin. In incubated rat epididymal fat pads, Akti-1/2 treatment reversed insulin-induced ACC dephosphorylation, while ACL phosphorylation by insulin was maintained. ACL and ACC purified from white adipose tissue were poor substrates for PKBα in vitro. However, effects of wortmannin and torin, along with Akti-1/2 and MK-2206, on recognized PKB target phosphorylation by insulin were similar to their effects on insulin-induced ACL phosphorylation, suggesting that PKB could be the physiological kinase for ACL phosphorylation by insulin. In incubated epididymal fat pads from wild-type versus ACC1/2 S79A/S212A knockin mice, effects of insulin to increase lipogenesis from radioactive fructose or from radioactive acetate were reduced but not abolished. Together, the results support a key role for PKB in mediating insulin-stimulated lipogenesis by decreasing ACC phosphorylation, but not by decreasing PDH phosphorylation.
Structure-based design of small bicyclic peptide inhibitors of Cripto-1 activity
Authors: Iaccarino Emanuela , Calvanese Luisa , Untiveros Gustavo , Falcigno Lucia , D'Auria Gabriella , Latino Debora , Sivaccumar Jwala Priyadarsini , Strizzi Luigi , Ruvo Menotti , Sandomenico Annamaria
Published: March 2020

Bicyclic peptides assembled around small organic scaffolds are gaining an increasing interest as new potent, stable and highly selective therapeutics because of their uncommon ability to specifically recognize protein targets, of their small size that favor tissue penetration and of the versatility and easiness of the synthesis. We have here rationally designed bicyclic peptides assembled around a common tri-bromo-methylbenzene moiety in order to mimic the structure of the CFC domain of the oncogene Cripto-1 and, more specifically, to orient in the most fruitful way the hot spot residues H120 and W123. Through the CFC domain, Cripto-1 binds the ALK4 receptor and other protein partners supporting uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. Soluble variants of CFC have the potential to inhibit these interactions suppressing the protein activity. A CFC analog named B3 binds ALK4 in vitro with an affinity in the nanomolar range. Structural analyses in solution via NMR and CD show that B3 has rather flexible conformations, like the parent CFC domain. The functional effects of B3 on the Cripto-1-positive NTERA cancer cell line have been evaluated showing that both CFC and B3 are cytotoxic for the cells and block the Cripto-1 intracellular signaling. Altogether, the data suggest that the administration of the soluble CFC and of the structurally related analog has the potential to inhibit tumor growth.
Fabrication and photocatalytic performance of Bi24O31Br10 nanosphere by a polyacrylamide gel method
Authors: He Zuming , Su Jiangbin , Xia Yongmei , Tang Bin
Published: March 2020

The authors have fabricated novel flower‐like Bi24O31Br10 micro/nanospheres by a polyacrylamide gel method. The crystal structure, microstructure, bandgap, morphology, and optical property of the as‐prepared Bi24O31Br10 micro/nanospheres were investigated by multiple techniques. The Bi24O31Br10 photocatalyst exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance for the degradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation. Furthermore, the cycle experimental results show that the Bi24O31Br10 micro/nanospheres possess superior reusability. The possible photocatalytic work principle was proposed and discussed.
Halo fraction in TeV-bright pulsar wind nebulae
Authors: Giacinti G. , Mitchell A. M. W. , López-Coto R. , Joshi V. , Parsons R. D. , Hinton J. A.
Published: March 2020

The discovery of extended TeV emission around the Geminga and PSR B0656+14 pulsars, with properties consistent with free particle propagation in the interstellar medium (ISM), has led to the suggestion of “TeV halos” as a separate source class, which is distinct from pulsar wind nebulae. This has sparked considerable discussion on the possible presence of such halos in other systems. In defining halos as regions where the pulsar no longer dominates the dynamics of the interstellar medium, yet where an over-density of relativistic electrons is present, we make an assessment of the current TeV source population associated with energetic pulsars in terms of size and estimated energy density. Based on two alternative estimators, we conclude that a large majority of the known TeV sources have emission originating in the zone that is energetically and dynamically dominated by the pulsar (i.e. the pulsar wind nebula), rather than from a surrounding halo of escaped particles diffusing into the ISM. Furthermore, whilst the number of established halos will surely increase in the future since there is a known large population of older, less energetic pulsars, we find that it is unlikely that such halos contribute significantly to the total TeV γ-ray luminosity from electrons accelerated in pulsar wind nebulae due to their lower intrinsic surface brightness.
Fornax 3D project: Automated detection of planetary nebulae in the centres of early-type galaxies and first results
Authors: Spriggs T. W. , Sarzi M. , Napiwotzki R. , Galán-de Anta P. M. , Viaene S. , Nedelchev B. , Coccato L. , Corsini E. M. , de Zeeuw P. T. , Falcón-Barroso J. , Gadotti D. A. , Iodice E. , Lyubenova M. , Martín-Navarro I. , McDermid R. M. , Pinna F. , van de Ven G. , Zhu L.
Published: March 2020

Extragalactic planetary nebulae (PNe) are detectable through relatively strong nebulous [O III] emission and act as direct probes into the local stellar population. Because they have an apparently universal invariant magnitude cut-off, PNe are also considered to be a remarkable standard candle for distance estimation. Through detecting PNe within the galaxies, we aim to connect the relative abundances of PNe to the properties of their host galaxy stellar population. By removing the stellar background components from FCC 167 and FCC 219, we aim to produce PN luminosity functions (PNLF) of these galaxies, and thereby also estimate the distance modulus to these two systems. Finally, we test the reliability and robustness of our novel detection and analysis method. It detects unresolved point sources by their [O III] 5007 Å emission within regions that have previously been unexplored. We model the [O III] emissions in the spatial and spectral dimensions together, as afforded to us by the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer, and we draw on data gathered as part of the Fornax3D survey. For each source, we inspect the properties of the nebular emission lines to remove other sources that might hinder the safe construction of the PNLF, such as supernova remnants and H II regions. As a further step, we characterise any potential limitations and draw conclusions about the reliability of our modelling approach through a set of simulations. By applying this novel detection and modelling approach to integral field unit observations, we report for the distance estimates and luminosity-specific PNe frequency values for the two galaxies. Furthermore, we include an overview of source contamination, galaxy differences, and possible effects on the PNe populations in the dense stellar environments.
Strong biases in retrieved atmospheric composition caused by day–night chemical heterogeneities
Authors: Pluriel William , Zingales Tiziano , Leconte Jérémy , Parmentier Vivien
Published: March 2020

Most planets currently amenable to transit spectroscopy are close enough to their host stars to exhibit a relatively strong day to night temperature gradient. For hot planets this leads to a chemical composition dichotomy between the two hemispheres. In the extreme case of ultra-hot Jupiters, some species, such as molecular hydrogen and water, are strongly dissociated on the day side while others, such as carbon monoxide, are not. However, most current retrieval algorithms rely on 1D forward models that are unable to reproduce this effect. We thus investigate how the 3D structure of the atmosphere biases the abundances retrieved using commonly used algorithms. We study the case of Wasp-121b as a prototypical ultra-hot Jupiter. We use the simulations of this planet performed with the Substellar and Planetary Atmospheric Radiation and Circulation global climate model and generate transmission spectra that fully account for the 3D structure of the atmosphere with Pytmosph3R. These spectra are then analyzed using the TauREx retrieval code. We find that the ultra-hot Jupiter transmission spectra exhibit muted H2O features that originate on the night side where the temperature, hence the scale-height, is smaller than on the day side. However, the spectral features of molecules present on the day side are boosted by both its high temperature and low mean molecular weight. As a result, the retrieved parameters are strongly biased compared to the ground truth. In particular the [CO]/[H2O] is overestimated by one to three orders of magnitude. This must be kept in mind when using the retrieval analysis to infer the C/O of a planet’s atmosphere. We also discuss whether indicators can allow us to infer the 3D structure of an observed atmosphere. Finally, we show that Wide Field Camera 3 fromHubbleSpace Telescope transmission data of Wasp-121b are compatible with the day–night thermal and compositional dichotomy predicted by models.
Development of multilingual education in Ukraine
Authors: Nikolska Nina , Pershukova Oksana
Published: March 2020

Language education is an important tool that forms the consciousness of the individual and its ability to be socially mobile in society, contributes to a dialogue of cultures in a globalizing world. New realities require changes in the definition of the level of knowledge of foreign languages, the new approaches definition to the selection of content and organization of materials, the use of adequate forms and types of control. Of particular relevance is multilingual education on the principle of Ukrainian + foreign in the light of Common-European polymeric trends, the integration of our state in the European educational space, the spread of student exchange practices and the openness of our country’s educational system for foreign students. The spread of the foreign languages studying fits into the context of European directives, which recommend that the Member States teach two other languages of the European Union in educational institutions, in addition to the state language. Multilingual education in Ukraine is an adequate answer to the question of linguistic and cultural diversification in Europe. An important feature of multilingual education in Ukraine is to take into account the regional needs of local ethnic communities, national characteristics and Common European trends.
Ivanna Blazhkevych about the development of pre-school education as a factor in building a strong state
Authors: Tereshchuk Hryhorii , Yankovych Oleksandra , Binytska Kateryna , Binytska Olena , Kuzma Iryna
Published: March 2020

The activity and creative work of Ukrainian activist, writer, teacher Ivanna Blazhkevych (1886“1977) in the context of the development of pre-school education as a factor of strengthening the state have been thoroughly investigated in the article. For the first time the periodization of main stages of life and development of cultural-educational and scientific ideas of Ivanna Blazhkevych were substantiated in the article. The basic directions of pedagogical and cultural-educational activity and creativity of I. Blazhkevych have been clarified: pre-school-pedagogical (organization of pre-school institutions; substantiation of methods of pre-school education; determination of requirements for kindergarteners-educators); educational (participation in the elimination of illiteracy), ethnographic (collection of ethnographic material: recording folk songs, legends, sayings); national-patriotic (preservation of national traditions, mother tongue); guardianship (assistance to local war victims, prisoners of war, establishing orphanages for children); economic (founding cooperatives; working as a director of the district union of cooperatives in Ternopil), literary (writing books for children).
The development of the dialogic culture as a “centaur problem” of the professionalization of the future educators
Authors: Tokareva Natalya
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the analysis of the problem of developing the dialogic culture of the future educators in terms of their professionalization. The author has shown that the congruent coverage of the specifics of forming an individual as an entity of professional activity in the continuum of the modern culture can be carried out only within the dialogic mode. It has been found that de-valuing the psychological component and accumulating systems of algorithmic tasks of the test type in the practice of the professional training makes it impossible to develop the communicative (and especially dialogic) culture of a specialist. The dialogic culture is interpreted by the author as an integrative construct of an individual, i.e. a set of communicative and technological indicators of the systemic behaviour (and professional-role one in particular) of the activity entity. The empirical research procedure had as its objective to outline the psychological tendencies in the development of the indicators for the communicative culture of the professionalization entities (bachelor degree and master degree students) in the modern educational space. The dominance of the monologic model of communication in the respondents’ behavioural scenarios and the absence of the self-management development dynamics in communication have been statistically corroborated. The findings of the research are interpreted as the theoretical foundation of a modern model for the dialog-phenomenological interaction that is adequate to the new challenges of the time and the educational reform principles.
The learner-centred paradigm of education: its features and philosophical basis
Authors: Olifer Olena
Published: March 2020

Nowadays, educators notice swift changes in education as a social institution. One possible way to describe and analyze its transformations is T. Kuhn’s paradigmatic approach applied to education. The paper states that the contemporary educators work within the learner-centred paradigm. However, it may seem that education is still influenced by the previous paradigm. So, the paper has two main objectives. The first one is to consider the two educational paradigms: the teacher-centred and the learnercentred to show their differences. Secondly, it is essential to know what concepts are topical in contemporary philosophy, and if they coincide with the learner-centred paradigm. The author attempts to distinguish philosophical concepts that have a considerable impact on the worldview at present. They are the following: four-dimensional ontology, constructivist epistemology, the problem of agency, personal identity, and the narrative approach to the questions of identity and cognition. These concepts are explained and analyzed through the lenses of the learner-centred paradigm.
Academic writing as an academic discipline: problematic issues
Authors: Koloiz Zhanna , Yelovska Yuliia
Published: March 2020

The paper studies peculiarities of introducing the course of “Fundamentals of Academic Writing,” into the Ukrainian education and scientific process. The integration of the Ukrainian science into the European space caused the necessity of including “Academic Writing” into the Ukrainian curricula. Fundamentals of a new academic discipline are represented through the prism of world and national achievements, which determine such concepts as “academic communication”, “academic etiquette”, “academic integrity”, “the quality of academic text”. This research focuses on the following major issues: What is the essence of “Academic Writing”? Is it a brand new course? How does it affect the ranking of higher education institutions? How should intertextual tools be used to keep the academic integrity? How does the level of English proficiency affect the quality of the Ukrainian scientific products? Is the course of “Academic Writing” a tribute to fashion or a vital necessity? It also investigates the peculiarities of academic fundamentals required for development of certain knowledge, skills and abilities of the Ukrainian language academic writing. The latter aims not only to promote academic integrity by following ethical principles and statutory rules that should guide the participants of the education process while studying, training and conducting research activities, but also to represent the concepts, strategies and tactics of organizing the processes of academic text creation, analysis and editing.
The concise associative and dissociative dictionary as a resource for accelerated teaching of a foreign language: experimental testing of the theory
Authors: Slukhai Nataliia , Slavova Liudmyla , Flanagan Anastasiia
Published: March 2020

The paper outlines the results of experimental testing of the effectiveness of the principles of analogy, cognitive effects and the frame-cluster approach as a basis for a concise associative and dissociative dictionary, which is seen as a means of accelerated teaching of a foreign language based on the knowledge of the mediator language (here: English). It is a proven fact that analogy (including association) is a universal principle of thinking which enables one to correctly identify lexical units of the language of one group through the mediator. The correctness of involving the dissociative principle has been confirmed experimentally: it is based on memorizing the uncommon and different. Accelerated, interest-driven teaching of a foreign language based on associative and dissociative principles takes into account the resources of cognitive effects, which are cognitive illusions not controlled by consciousness. We have substantiated the expediency of distributing vocabulary in the proposed dictionary according to the frame-cluster principle, in which the learner constructs a situationally relevant phrase from cluster-organized associated forms. Repeated use of lexemes in communication provides a correction of errors over time. The experiment confirmed that such a dictionary can satisfy the needs of the modern information society, where multilingual communication is in demand.
Neuro-network technologies as a mean for creating individualization conditions for students learning
Authors: Bukreiev Dmitriy
Published: March 2020

The study is devoted to the analysis of the current level of use of neural network tools to create conditions for individualization of student learning. The author presents the results of the analysis of scientific developments of scientists in the questions of the use of neural network approaches in the educational process, presents a range of basic modern directions of research and development, in particular: adaptive tests, individualization of learning, improvement of the level of distance education and others. The author emphasizes that modernity is characterized by an active increase in the number of students who choose for themselves individual and distance forms of education, which leads to the need for the development of modern technological systems of distance learning. For this purpose, the scientist conducts a comparative analysis of distance learning tools, their features and capabilities in terms of implementation of an automated intellectual system of individualization of the educational process.
Studies of impact of specialized STEM training on choice further education
Authors: Osadchyi Viacheslav , Valko Nataliia , Kuzmich Liudmyla , Abdullaeva Nataliya
Published: March 2020

The specialized training influence to the choice of further direction of study is considered in the work. The assumption that early involvement of students in the study of natural and mathematical disciplines, in particular mathematics is given. It will stimulate young people to get STEM education in future. The essential element in future professional choice, development and formation is the issue of motivation for learning. It is important that modern students are gradually losing their incentive to study. Almost a third of those who choose the appropriate study profile have contradictions between professional self-determination and the availability of the necessary knowledge for the profession, between choosing a higher education institution and being able to enter in it. The contradiction requires purposeful formation of a conscious choice of future activities. The conducted research has shown that the basis of the motivational component of the choice of STEM-learning is studying of natural and mathematical disciplines by modern teaching technologies and organizing of additional lessons system based on the projected teaching methods. It satisfies the growing needs for intelligence, knowledge, motivational beliefs to understand the specifics of the future profession.
Methods and tools for teaching parallel and distributed computing in universities: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Sitsylitsyn Yuriy
Published: March 2020

As computer hardware becomes more and more parallel, there is a need for software engineers
who are experienced in developing parallel programs, not only by “parallelizing” sequential designs. Teach
students a parallelism in elementary courses in computer science this is a very important step towards
building the competencies of future software engineers. We have conducted research on “teaching parallel
and distributed computing” and “parallel programming” publications in the Scopus database, published in
English between 2008 and 2019. After quality assessment, 26 articles were included in the analysis. As a
result, the main tool for teaching parallel and distributed computing is a lab course with a C++
programming language and MPI library.
Tabus am Arbeitsplatz
Authors: Jürgens Ute
Published: March 2020

Tabus gibt es in jedem Betrieb. Eventuell müssen wir neue Teammitglieder erst darauf aufmerksam machen. Manche der Gebote sind heilig und selbstverständlich für jeden Arbeitsplatz, andere lernen wir erst während der Ausbildung. Was davon ist heute zeitgemäß, wo sich doch so viele Sitten „lockern“?
3-Länder-Manifest: Zeitenwende in der Medizin – Patientenversorgung auf dem gefährlichen Weg in die Ökonomisierung und Industrialisierung
Authors: Mann Klaus , Kapitza Thomas , Likar Rudolf , Egger Bernhard
Published: March 2020

Das 3-Länder-Manifest „Zeitenwende in der Medizin“ ergänzt die bestehenden Eide, Gelöbnisse und Selbstverpflichtungen der Ärzteschaft. Es soll die inhaltliche Lücke zwischen medizinethischen Grundsätzen und den moralischen Herausforderungen des durch Ökonomisierung, Kommerzialisierung und Industrialisierung geprägten ärztlichen Berufsalltags im Gesundheitswesen füllen. Konkrete Vorschläge sollen helfen, bestehende Hindernisse zu überwinden. Der Vorrang der Medizin gegenüber Ökonomie und Technologie ist auf allen Ebenen beruflichen Handelns durch die Ärzteschaft sicherzustellen.

Das 3-Länder-Manifest soll den hierfür notwendigen Diskurs innerhalb der Ärzteschaft und in der Gesellschaft anregen und thematisch unterstützen.

In diesem Zusammenhang werden die folgenden Forderungen im 3-Länder-Manifest erhoben:

Die Verfasser dieses Manifests fordern dazu auf, die ethischen Werte medizinischen Wirkens zu sichern, und rufen alle Beteiligten im Gesundheitswesen auf danach zu handeln, um somit eine Zeitenwende herbeizuführen.
Ernährung unter erhöhter physischer und mentaler Belastung
Authors: Schmidt Dominikus S. , Focke Konstantin
Published: March 2020

Ein Golfspieler durchläuft während eines mehrstündigen Golfspiels verschiedene Phasen der körperlichen und mentalen Anstrengung. Hierfür muss der Organismus Energie bereitstellen, die mit einer ausgewogenen Ernährung zugeführt werden kann. Welche Nährstoffe dabei besonders wichtig sind, erläutert der folgende Beitrag.
Liebe Leserin, lieber Leser,
Authors: Bergmann Günther
Published: March 2020

Zum Auftakt des Jahres nehme ich die Gelegenheit wahr, nochmals auf die Internationalität der Balint-Arbeit hinzuweisen. Anlass in diesem Jahr ist u. a. die internationale Tagung in Aachen im Mai mit dem IBF Council Meeting und Balintgruppen-Teilnehmern aus verschiedenen Nationen. Auch beim Internationalen Balint-Kongress in Porto 2019 waren wir mit zahlreichen deutschsprachigen Kolleginnen und Kollegen vertreten.
Heide Otten zum 75. Geburtstag
Authors: Flatten Guido
Published: March 2020

„Eulen nach Athen tragen“ schrieb Aristophanes schon vor fast
zweieinhalbtausend Jahren und so ähnlich ist es wohl, über Heide
Otten im Balint Journal zu schreiben.
Disease-Management-Programs in the Field of Diabetes Mellitus with
Identification of the Best Practice in Europe: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kostial Carolin , Manuwald Ulf , Schulze Jan , Kugler Joachim , Rothe Ulrike
Published: March 2020

The objective of this scoping review was to create an up-to-date descriptive
overview of published Disease-Management-Program evaluations conducted
within Europe. We also assessed the methodological quality of the evaluation
and the comparability of the included studies. The Databases Pub Med via
Medline and Embase via Ovid were searched for thematically fitting
publications. Out of 649 initial titles and abstracts, 45 full-texts were
screened for inclusions. Finally, 21 publications met all inclusion
criteria. DMPs from Germany, Austria, Italy, the Netherlands and Great
Britain were included. The results are tabulated in the results section and
discussed descriptively. Due to the heterogeneity of the included studies
and the application of sometimes potentially biased study design comparisons
were difficult. A uniform European-wide evaluation strategy and common
quality features would be desirable.