bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scalable orthogonal delay-division multiplexed OEO artificial neural network
Authors: Zazzi Andrea , Das Arka Dipta , Witzens Jeremy
Published: May 2023

We propose a new signaling scheme for on-chip optical-electrical-optical artificial neural networks that utilizes orthogonal delay division multiplexing and pilot-tone based self-homodyne detection. This scheme offers a more efficient scaling of the optical power budget with increasing network complexity. Our simulations, based on a 220 nm SOI silicon photonics technology, suggest that the network can support 31 x 31 neurons, with 961 links and freely programmable weights, using a single 500 mW optical comb and an SNR of 21.3 dB per neuron. Moreover, it features a low sensitivity to temperature fluctuations, ensuring that it can be operated outside of a laboratory environment. We demonstrate the network’s effectiveness in nonlinear equalization tasks by training it to equalize a time-interleaved ADC architecture, achieving an ENOB over 4 over the entire 75 GHz ADC bandwidth. We anticipate that this network architecture will enable broadband and low latency nonlinear signal processing in practical settings such as ultra-broadband data converters and real-time control systems.
All-plasmonic optical leaky-wave antenna with a low sidelobe level
Authors: Zhou Guang Zhu , Chen Bao-Jie , Wu Geng-Bo , Qu Shi-Wei , Chan Chi Hou
Published: May 2023

Optical antennas have received considerable attention in recent years due to their unique ability to convert localized energy to freely propagating radiation and vice versa. Sidelobe level (SLL) is one of the most crucial parameters in antenna design. A low SLL is beneficial to minimize the antenna interference with other optical components. Here a plasmonic optical leaky-wave antenna with low SLL is reported. Shifting spatial frequency by periodically modulating the electric-field amplitude in a plasmonic gap waveguide enables a free-space coupled wave out of the antenna. At the same time, precise control of the aperture fields by the modulation depth allows for reducing SLL. Simulation results indicate that the proposed design can achieve a high directivity of 15.8 dB and a low SLL of −20  dB at the wavelength of 1550 nm. A low SLL below −15  dB is experimentally demonstrated within the wavelength range from 1527 to 1570 nm. In addition, the low-SLL property is further verified by comparing it with a uniformly modulated antenna. By modulating the guided waves in the plasmonic gap waveguide in different forms, the aperture fields can be flexibly arranged to achieve arbitrary wavefront shaping. It bridges the gap between guided and free-space waves and empowers plasmonic integrated devices to control free-space light, thus enabling various free-space functions.
Electrical manipulation of lightwaves in the uniaxially strained photonic honeycomb lattices under a pseudomagnetic field
Authors: Qi Zhipeng , Sun Hao , Hu Guohua , Deng Chunyu , Zhu Wanghua , Liu Bo , Li Ying , Liu Shaopeng , Yu Xuechao , Cui Yinping
Published: May 2023

The realization of pseudomagnetic fields for lightwaves has attained great attention in the field of nanophotonics. Like real magnetic fields, Landau quantization could be induced by pseudomagnetic fields in the strain-engineered graphene. We demonstrated that pseudomagnetic fields can also be introduced to photonic crystals by exerting a linear parabolic deformation onto the honeycomb lattices, giving rise to degenerate energy states and flat plateaus in the photonic band structures. We successfully inspire the photonic snake modes corresponding to the helical state in the synthetic magnetic heterostructure by adopting a microdisk for the unidirectional coupling. By integrating heat electrodes, we can further electrically manipulate the photonic density of states for the uniaxially strained photonic crystal. This offers an unprecedented opportunity to obtain on-chip robust optical transports under the electrical tunable pseudomagnetic fields, opening the possibility to design Si-based functional topological photonic devices.
Maternal diet quality and associations with body composition and diet quality of preschool children: A longitudinal study
Authors: de Bona Coradi Fernanda , Anele Carolina Ribeiro , Goldani Marcelo Zubaran , da Silva Clécio Homrich , Bernardi Juliana Rombaldi
Published: May 2023

Background

Nutrition, associated with nutritional status, influences the growth of children. This study aimed to identify the association between maternal diet quality and the diet and body composition of their children.

Methods

This is a prospective longitudinal study with mother-child pairs. To assess diet quality, nutritional status, and socioeconomic data, two interviews in the children’s first and third months of life (2011–2016) and one interview when children were of preschool age (2017–2019) were performed. Diet quality was assessed based on daily food consumption and frequency, considering: 1) food groups, based on the Brazilian food pyramid; 2) level of processing, according to the NOVA classification (unprocessed and/or minimally processed foods, processed foods and ultra-processed foods). One-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc and Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s post hoc tests were used to evaluate the influence of factors on children’s diet quality. Pearson and Spearman’s correlations were used to evaluate the relationship between maternal and children’s diet quality, maternal schooling level, and child age. Along with the nutritional assessment of children, multiple linear regression models assessed the impact of covariables on maternal and children’s diet quality.

Results

Eighty-three mother-child pairs participated in this study. The more frequent the maternal consumption of unprocessed and/or minimally processed foods, the higher the consumption of these foods by children (r = +0.30; p = 0.006) and the lower their subscapular skinfold (SSF) thickness (p = 0.011; β = -0.278). On the other hand, the higher the maternal consumption of ultra-processed foods, the higher the children’s tricipital skinfold (TSF) thickness (p = 0.010; β = +0.274) and SSF (p = 0.043; β = +0.222).

Conclusion

Maternal diet quality was associated with the diet and body composition of children.
Comparison of spatiotemporal gait parameters and their variability in typically developing children aged 2, 3, and 6 years
Authors: Rygelová Markéta , Uchytil Jaroslav , Torres Isaac Estevan , Janura Miroslav
Published: May 2023

Independent walking is an important milestone in a child’s development. The maturation of central nervous system, changes in body proportions, spatiotemporal parameters of gait and their variability change are dependent on age. The first aim of this study was to compare non-normalized and normalized spatiotemporal parameters and their variability in children. The second aim was to determine which spatiotemporal parameters are most affected by aging. Data from 64 typically developing children (age: 2.0–6.9 years), who walked at a self-selected speed along a 10m walkway, were collected with a motion capture system. Spatiotemporal parameters were normalized based on leg length. The main effect of the non-normalized walking speed revealed a moderate effect size (ES = 0.72) comparing 2- and 3-years-old, a large effect size comparing 2- and 6-years-old (ES = 1.77), and a large ES comparing 3- and 6-years-old (ES = 1.22). The normalized stride width parameter showed a statistically significant difference with large effect size between 2 vs 3 (ES = 1.00), 2 vs 6 (ES = 3.17), and 3 vs 6 (ES = 1.96). A statistically significant decrease in intra-individual gait variability with increasing age was observed in all parameters except for stride width. The variability of stride width may serve as a parameter in 2-year-olds to assess deviations from typically developing children. The assessment of effect size could be a useful indicator for clinical practice.
Embracing dialogue as breathing: Exploring drama therapy as a tool for facilitating uncomfortable historical conversations
Authors: Qhobela Lireko
Published: May 2023

The article reflects on the use of story and poetry as tools that facilitated a conversation related to uncomfortable historical conversations. It uses the performance of Krotoa, Eva van die Kaap as a starting point for unpacking the ways in which the play functioned as an extension of a drama therapy process on conversations about historical trauma. The Groote Kerk served as a symbolic meeting place as well as a way of thinking about therapeutic spaces for reparative dialogues.
Lifting the ‘knee on the neck’ through virtual collaboration within creative and therapeutic art methodologies
Authors: Mokuku Selloane , Molefe Butana , Magagula Noluvuyo
Published: May 2023

Police brutality towards Black people and People of Colour (POC) has been a thorn for centuries in South Africa and the world. The advent of COVID-19 escalated this struggle to unimaginable heights, illuminating, amongst other things, the epistemological and ontological limitations underpinning modernity (). Nevertheless, the killing of George Floyd moved masses across the globe to reflect critically on the injustices that Black people endure. Equally, social media shone a spotlight to mobilize consciousness amidst the pandemic restrictions. Moved by the mood of the time, we (a group of primarily arts practitioners and thinkers) organized virtual ‘intergenerational and intercontinental dialogues’ to explore how the dialogic approaches informed by the principles of applied theatre may catalyse drama therapy approaches. Through conversations that we named ‘epistemological injustice’, we made discoveries that included noticing how the biases we all carry may serve as enablers or constraints in embracing therapeutic encounters across disciplines. This article shares insights from the ‘#Talks’ and generates reflective material for creative arts therapies and applied theatre methodologies.
Transformation and representation in the clinical space
Authors: Darrell Dominique , Pinnock Javere
Published: May 2023

So a lot has transpired in the world. These last few years have highlighted the ways in which Black and Brown bodies are historically underrepresented, misunderstood and dismissed. As two Black Caribbean clinicians, we worked with various Black Caribbean people in an acute care setting over five years; this article focuses on how representation impacted their care. Black and Brown people often receive inadequate care, care that does not speak to the wholeness of their humanity. We sought to create a methodology that represented our patients’ cultural identities and allowed them to feel seen. We did this by transforming the clinical space into a culturally relevant play space and explored adaptive social skills in preparation for community reintegration and to build ego strength through creative reflection. This work breathed life into us as we explored what it means to be seen in an oppressive system.
Healing the healer: Recipes of self-care1
Authors: Mlangeni Patience Mamaki , Lepere Refiloe
Published: May 2023

The idea of self-care has been a central theme more recently with the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many people are seeking ways of existing that are about caring for self and others. As drama therapists and artists, the need for us to practise this care with and for others is even more important as we carry the burdens of stories and trauma of our clients. Drama therapy as a mental health modality is suited to address and offer strategies of what care and self-care especially for practitioners might look like. But what exactly are the traits of self-care and how does it link to our ethical caring practice of therapy and theatre-making? In this article, we argue that self-care needs to be redeemed from the individual focus and to be more about community. We offer recipes as performances of communal creation and a model of self-care that occurs with and for others. These recipes are meditations inspired by encounters with ourselves, our loved ones and our past. The article is presented in recipes and conversation form to emphasize the idea that caring cannot occur in isolation outside of others. We look at the moral imperative of rituals of care that have existed in our lives and how these can be brought to the fore to become shared knowledge. We share our experiences of growing up in a community of women who also practise kindness and love. We hope the techniques suggested deepen the existing conversation on centralizing Black women’s knowledge systems and healing practices within the drama therapy canon. We do not assume to speak for all Black women everywhere in the world; we write to centre our experiences as Black women who are drama therapists who are accountable to other women. We encourage readers to create their own recipes of what community-centred self-care practices might look like.
Creative explorations of intersectional injustices as an LGBTQIA+ Black clinician
Authors: Alston Chabreah
Published: May 2023

This commentary is a creative exploration of the writer’s experiences as a Black LGBTQIA+ therapist. The commentary focuses on microaggressions, decisions of educating peers, seeking allies, discussion of intersectionality and more. Through poetry, script and artwork, this writer provides insight into their experiences in a variety of settings with various people, concluding with a call for action.
Cornélio Nepos. Vidas de Epaminondas, Catão e Ático. Fragmentos
Authors: Oliveira Francisco de
Published: May 2023

O presente volume é dedicado à obra de Cornélio Nepos, Vidas de Varões Ilustres.  Contém uma introdução geral sobre o autor; uma súmula de cada vida não traduzida e uma tradução das biografias de Epaminondas, Catão e Ático (com comentário e anotação desenvolvida). É também apresentada a tradução e notas dos fragmentos. O texto constitui uma fonte importante para o estudo do género biográfico e da história da antiguidade clássica, desde a Grécia clássica até aos finais da República Romana e inícios do Principado e seus contactos com outras civilizações.
Pausânias. Descrição da Grécia. Livro IV
Authors: Silva Maria de Fátima
Published: May 2023

Pausânias é o nosso único testemunho de literatura periegética e o autor de um relato precioso sobre a Grécia da época de ocupação romana (séc. II d.C.). A sua descrição é a de alguém que viajou e sintetiza o que ‘viu’, com um olhar que não é só o de um turista curioso, mas de um intelectual que dispõe de uma sólida formação cultural e de uma informação ampla, em resultado de uma recolha criteriosa de todo o tipo de fontes, orais e escritas. Para com Pausânias mantemos em aberto uma enorme dívida: a de ter salvado um lastro de monumentos, de acontecimentos históricos, de figuras e de tradições que, sem ele, se teriam em definitivo apagado da memória dos homens.
Effect of dietary garlic (Allium sativum) on the zootechnical performance and health indicators of aquatic animals: A mini-review
Authors: Delgado Daniel Leonardo Cala , Caceres Linda Lucia Castillo , Gómez Sebastián Alexander Cely , Odio Aníbal Domínguez
Published: May 2023

Considerable efforts have been made by modern aquaculture to mitigate the environmental damages caused by its practices while also attempting to improve the quality of the aquatic organisms by promoting alternatives, such as the use of natural products, like garlic (Allium sativum), and instead of chemical agents. Garlic has multiple properties, including antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antitoxic, and anticancer effects. In fish, the antiparasitic activity of garlic is one of the most reported effects in the literature, mainly using immersion baths for aquatic organisms. Using garlic also has an antimicrobial effect on the culture of aquatic organisms. Therefore, this review focuses on the impact of garlic on the health and production of aquatic organisms.

Keywords: Allium sativum, aquaculture, crustacean, salmonid, tilapia.
Konsens und Konflikt in einem Machtmodell von Planung
Authors: Reuter Wolf
Published: May 2023

Planning in pluralistic societies implies to propose measurements in situations of dissent and unsolved conflicts. Insofar it is congruent with the domain of politics, inclusive the involvement in the network of effects on existing or awakened, mostly divergent interests. In the resulting case of conflict, their respective representatives try to influence the plan – by their arguments in a rational discourse and by means of power. However, argumentation itself turns out to be a mean of power: As their agents try to push through themselves against resistance, they definitively enter the mechanisms of power acting. Following these considerations, a power model of planning is developed, with its logical structure, its calculi, means and instruments, as it is embedded in its societal conditions, with its ethical positions and including trials to hinder its misuse by procedures.
Stability indicating novel analytical method development by RP-UPLC for the estimation of Gitingensine in bulk
Authors: Panduri Sowmya , Indireddy Theja , Banoth Ramya Kuber
Published: May 2023

A new method was proposed using RP-UPLC for the determination of Gitingensine in bulk, which exhibits its power of stability output. Gitingensine is a natural product found in Kibatalia laurifolia belonging to Apocynaceae which is a steroid having the activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic and anti-cancer activity. Cevadine is used as an internal standard for chromatographic analysis. The elution was performed on BEH C18 (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 µm) column at 30 °C with a mobile phase distribution Acetonitrile: 0.1% orthophosphoric acid (60: 40) respectively. The flow rate was well- kept at 0.3 mL min-1. Retention times for Gitingensine and Cevadine were found to be 2.005 and 1. 395 min, respectively. The regression equation was found to be linear in the range of 12.5 – 75 µg/mL with a high correlation coefficient (0.999). Recovery of Gitingensine was obtained as 100.04%. Validation was done as claimed by ICH guidelines with respect to accuracy, sensitivity, robustness, and precision studies. From the insignificant variations in the analysis by changing the mobile phase, temperature, and flow rate, the robustness was studied. All the validation parameters were found to be within the specifications. Forced degradation studies revealed that when the influence of acid, alkali, peroxide, thermal, photolytic, and hydrolytic conditions were applied on the drug, it was stable. Hence, it can be concluded that the developed RP-UPLC method is economical, precise, and robust and can be adopted in regular Quality control analysis.
Combined effects of functional overload and denervation on skeletal muscle mass and its regulatory proteins in mice
Authors: Uemichi Kazuki , Shirai Takanaga , Takemasa Tohru
Published: May 2023

Skeletal muscle is a highly pliable tissue and various adaptations such as muscle hypertrophy or atrophy are induced by overloading or disuse, respectively. However, the combined effect of overloading and disuse on the quantitative adaptation of skeletal muscle is unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the combined stimuli of overloading and disuse on mouse skeletal muscle mass and the expression of regulatory factors for muscle protein anabolism or catabolism. Male mice from the Institute Cancer Research were subjected to denervation concomitant with unilateral functional overload or functional overload concomitant with unilateral denervation. Disuse and functional overload were induced by sciatic nerve transection (denervation) and synergist ablation, respectively, and the plantaris muscle was harvested 14 days after the operation. Our results showed that denervation attenuated functional overload‐induced muscle hypertrophy and functional overload partially ameliorated the denervation‐induced muscle atrophy. P70S6K phosphorylation, an indicator of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation, was not increased by unilateral functional overload in denervated muscles or by unilateral denervation in functional overloaded muscles. Denervation did not affect the increase of LC3‐II, a marker of autophagy activation, and ubiquitinated protein expression upon unilateral functional overload. Also, functional overload did not affect ubiquitinated protein expression during unilateral denervation. Thus, our findings suggest that functional overload‐induced muscle hypertrophy or denervation‐induced muscle atrophy was attenuated by the combined stimuli of overload and denervation.
On Andrei Bely’s poetic philosophy and art of fiction
Authors: Guan Haiying , Li Yuhua
Published: May 2023

As a unique literary theory, Andrei Bely’s symbolism is a religious world view, and his “symbols” are deeply rooted in the symbolist’s cognition of world structure. This distinct world view exerts a special effect on Bely’s exploration of the poetic mechanism of symbolism. In the practice of completing the creation of symbolic image, the construction of symbolic text, and the achievement of artistic function, word, rhythm, and color are among the most important and necessary conditions to help Bely produce a polyphonic aesthetic effect.
New conticrete inequalities of the Hermite-Hadamard-Jensen-Mercer type in terms of generalized conformable fractional operators via majorization
Authors: Saeed Tareq , Khan Muhammad Adil , Faisal Shah , Alsulami Hamed H. , Alhodaly Mohammed Sh.
Published: May 2023

The Hermite-Hadamard inequality is regarded as one of the most favorable inequalities from the research point of view. Currently, mathematicians are working on extending, improving, and generalizing this inequality. This article presents conticrete inequalities of the Hermite-Hadamard-Jensen-Mercer type in weighted and unweighted forms by using the idea of majorization and convexity together with generalized conformable fractional integral operators. They not only represent continuous and discrete inequalities in compact form but also produce generalized inequalities connecting various fractional operators such as Hadamard, Katugampola, Riemann-Liouville, conformable, and Rieman integrals into one single form. Also, two new integral identities have been investigated pertaining a differentiable function and three tuples. By using these identities and assuming∣f′∣| f^{\prime} |and∣f′∣q(q>1)| f^{\prime} {| }^{q}\hspace{0.33em}\left(q\gt 1)as convex, we deduce bounds concerning the discrepancy of the terms of the main inequalities.
Ensuring safety of new, advanced small modular reactors for fundamental safety and with an optimal main heat transport systems configuration
Authors: Gaikwad Avinash J. , Maheshwari Naresh K. , Chandrakar Dinesh K. , Solanki R. B. , Bhanuprakash  , Paul Uttam K.
Published: May 2023

Many countries are considering Small and Modular Reactors as a viable alternative to counter the climate-change/global-warming with a quick deployment of green, carbon free nuclear energy option in the energy mix. Proponents of SMRs claim that these designs rely more on enhanced inherent/engineered safety and passive features with novel concepts. SMRs are being designed to be fabricated at a factory and then transported as ‘modules’ to the sites for installation either as a single module or multiple module plant. There are many variant of SMRs under considerations/design/construction/commissioning/operation states and majority of the, more than 70 odd SMRs are in the design stage. The paper focuses on safety aspects while addressing the fundamental safety requirement that are derived from fundamental safety principles, the acceptance criteria, the expected/envisaged safety targets and not only the economic impact/considerations. The assessment basis for requirements towards safety enhancements and their extent of assurance in the design are highlighted against the claims made. Ensuring SMR safety with respect to the fundamental safety functions will depend on the foreseen/predicted fission product releases, following overheating of the fuel, during the worst/credible accident conditions and likelihood of occurrence of these accidents. Innovations in the development of advanced fuel, deploying passive safety systems, novel concepts in main heat transport system configuration and advanced features in instrumentation can help in realising the goal of ensured enhanced safety in the SMRs, both in preventive and mitigation domains during severe accidents. Enhancements in the acceptance criteria and deterministic and probabilistic safety targets is also expected and may be envisaged. The paper brings out the challenges faced in the design and regulation of the new NPPs, while addressing fundamental safety principles implementation, generic, specific safety issues, and only genuine innovations can ensure and improve the safety. Aspects related to passive systems and the optimal main heat removal system configuration of the NPPs are also discussed. The aspects related to concurrent design and regulation of new NPPs including SMRs also has been brought out in the paper.
The association between polycystic ovary syndrome and environmental pollutants based on animal and human study; a systematic review
Authors: Ghanati Kiandokht , Jahanbakhsh Mahdi , Shakoori Attaollah , Aghebat-Bekheir Saeed , Khalili-Rikabadi Ali , Sadighara Parisa
Published: May 2023

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders. This abnormality is identified with hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovary and ovulation disorder. Environmental factors are one of the etiologies of this disease. In this systematic review, a search was performed with the keywords of polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS, pesticides, organochlorine, heavy metals, PCBs, PAHs, bisphenol A, BPA, phthalates, mycotoxin, Tributyltin, TBT, environmental contaminants, regardless of publication time. 567 studies were obtained and after assessing 26 articles were finally selected. 61 % of the studies were attributed to bisphenol A. The positive correlation was seen between bisphenol A, tributyltin, air pollutants and organic contaminates with this disease. The association between this syndrome and bisphenol A in adolescents was also confirmed. Zinc has led to a reduction in the incidence of disease in almost all research literature. This issue can be considered in the prevention of the disease.
Why Do Platforms Charge Proportional Fees? Commitment and Seller Participation
Authors: Muthers Johannes , Wismer Sebastian
Published: May 2023

This paper deals with trade platforms whose operators not only allow third party sellers to offer their products to consumers, but also offer products themselves. In this context, the platform operator faces a hold-up problem if he uses classical two-part tariffs only as potential competition between the platform operator and sellers reduces platform attractiveness. Since some sellers refuse to join the platform, some products that are not known to the platform operator will not be offered at all. We find that revenue-based fees lower the platform operator’s incentives to compete with sellers, increasing platform attractiveness. Therefore, charging such proportional fees can be profitable, which may explain why several trade platforms indeed charge proportional fees.
YEŞİL SEBZELERDE GENİŞLEMİŞ SPEKTRUMLU BETA LAKTAMAZ VE KARBAPENEMAZ ÜRETEN ENTEROBACTERALES SUŞLARININ ARAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: BALKİ Vasfi Mehmet , DEMİREL ZORBA Nükhet Nilüfer , ÇAKICI Nesrin
Published: May 2023

Çanakkale semt pazarlarında satılan 96 adet yeşil sebze örneğinde “beta laktam” dirençli Enterobacterales suşlarının varlığı araştırılmıştır. Gövde, yaprak kısımlarından alınan örneklerden Violet Red Bile Glucose (VRBG) Agara ekilmiştir. Enterobacterales yükleri <1 log KOB/g ile 6.11 log KOB/g arasında tespit edilmiştir. Kromojenik GSBL Agar ve 2 mg/ml meropenem içeren EMB Agarda üreyen 129 adet izolat MALDI-TOF MS yöntemine göre Serratia liquefaciens (n=35), Serratia plymuthica (n=31), Klebsiella oxytoca (n=25), Klebsiella pneumonia (n=6), Raoultella ornithinolytica (n=14), Raoultella terrigena (n=3), Enterobacter cloacae (n=11), Enterobacter ludwigii (n=4), Enterobacter asburiae (n=1), Lelliottia amnigena (n=16), Escherichia coli (n=2), Escherichia hermannii (n=1), Leclercia adecarboxylata (n=3), Pantoea agglomerans (n=3), Kluyvera intermedia (n=2), Kosakonia cowanii (n=1) ve Hafnia alvei (n=1) olarak tanımlanmıştır. Disk difüzyon yöntemine göre izolatların %11.62’sinin (n=15) Genişlemiş Spektrumlu “Beta Laktamaz” (GSBL), %4.65’inin (n=6) karbapenemaz pozitif olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yeşil sebzelerde GSBL ve karbapenem dirençli izolatların varlığı ısıl işlem görmeden tüketilen bu gıdalardaki halk sağlığı riskini ortaya koymaktadır.
Coercive Labor in the Cotton Harvest in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and Uzbekistan
Authors: Zenz Adrian
Published: May 2023

This study traces the evolution of systemic state-sponsored coercive labor in the cotton harvest in China’s northwestern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR). The recent situation in the XUAR is compared to Uzbekistan, which implemented forced labor in cotton picking until 2021. Both regions create structurally coercive labor environments through a centralized authoritarian state apparatus that deploys human resource–intensive local grassroots mobilization efforts. The article finds that while both regional entities’ coercive labor dynamics are in many ways comparable, the resulting labor settings are not easily captured through static standard measures such as the ILO forced labor indicators. Instead, state-sponsored forced labor is characterized by pervasive state-induced and systemic dynamics of coercion that are deeply embedded within sociocultural contexts. Whereas Uzbekistan’s coercive labor practices were primarily driven by economic considerations, Xinjiang’s labor transfer program pursues some economic aims but is predominantly designed to achieve Beijing’s wider ethnopolitical goals in the region.
Immune synaptopathies: how maternal immune activation impacts synaptic function during development
Authors: Matteoli Michela , Pozzi Davide , Fossati Matteo , Menna Elisabetta
Published: May 2023

In the last two decades, the term synaptopathy has been largely used to underline the concept that impairments of synaptic structure and function are the major determinant of brain disorders, including neurodevelopmental disorders. This notion emerged from the progress made in understanding the genetic architecture of neurodevelopmental disorders, which highlighted the convergence of genetic risk factors onto molecular pathways specifically localized at the synapse. However, the multifactorial origin of these disorders also indicated the key contribution of environmental factors. It is well recognized that inflammation is a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders, and several immune molecules critically contribute to synaptic dysfunction. In the present review, we highlight this concept, which we define by the term “immune‐synaptopathy,” and we discuss recent evidence suggesting a bi‐directional link between the genetic architecture of individuals and maternal activation of the immune system in modulating brain developmental trajectories in health and disease.
A CcdB toxin‐derived peptide acts as a broad‐spectrum antibacterial therapeutic in infected mice
Authors: Bhowmick Jayantika , Nag Manish , Ghosh Pritha , Rajmani Raju S , Chatterjee Ritika , Karmakar Kapudeep , Chandra Kasturi , Chatterjee Jayanta , Chakravortty Dipshikha , Varadarajan Raghavan
Published: May 2023

The bacterial toxin CcdB (Controller of Cell death or division B) targets DNA Gyrase, an essential bacterial topoisomerase, which is also the molecular target for fluoroquinolones. Here, we present a short cell‐penetrating 24‐mer peptide, CP1‐WT, derived from the Gyrase‐binding region of CcdB and examine its effect on growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and a carbapenem‐ and tigecycline‐resistant strain of Acinetobacter baumannii in both axenic cultures and mouse models of infection. The CP1‐WT peptide shows significant improvement over ciprofloxacin in terms of its in vivo therapeutic efficacy in treating established infections of S. Typhimurium, S. aureus and A. baumannii. The molecular mechanism likely involves inhibition of Gyrase or Topoisomerase IV, depending on the strain used. The study validates the CcdB binding site on bacterial DNA Gyrase as a viable and alternative target to the fluoroquinolone binding site.
Mapping single‐cell responses to population‐level dynamics during antibiotic treatment
Authors: Kim Kyeri , Wang Teng , Ma Helena R , Şimşek Emrah , Li Boyan , Andreani Virgile , You Lingchong
Published: May 2023

Treatment of sensitive bacteria with beta‐lactam antibiotics often leads to two salient population‐level features: a transient increase in total population biomass before a subsequent decline, and a linear correlation between growth and killing rates. However, it remains unclear how these population‐level responses emerge from collective single‐cell responses. During beta‐lactam treatment, it is well‐recognized that individual cells often exhibit varying degrees of filamentation before lysis. We show that the cumulative probability of cell lysis increases sigmoidally with the extent of filamentation and that this dependence is characterized by unique parameters that are specific to bacterial strain, antibiotic dose, and growth condition. Modeling demonstrates how the single‐cell lysis probabilities can give rise to population‐level biomass dynamics, which were experimentally validated. This mapping provides insights into how the population biomass time‐kill curve emerges from single cells and allows the representation of both single‐ and population‐level responses with universal parameters.
Impulse Buying dan Post Purchase Regret pada Mahasiswa
Authors: Nurohman Febri , Aziz Abdul
Published: May 2023

Salah satu penyebab post purchase regret adalah karena kurangnya pertimbangan dalam membeli barang. Studi pendahuluan pada 74 mahasiswa akftif Unnes 2020, mendapatkan temuan bahwa sebanyak 48 responden mengaku menyesal telah membeli barang di luar rencana awal pembelian. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji ada tidaknya hubungan antara impulse buying dan post purchase regret pada mahasiswa Unnes, serta untuk mengetahui gambaran impulse buying dan post purchase regret pada mahasiswa Unnes. Penelitian kuantitatif korelasional menggunakan sampel 400 mahasiswa aktif Unnes 2020, dengan teknik cluster random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan skala post purchase regret terdiri 23 aitem dan skala impulse buying terdiri 26 aitem. Koefisien reliabilitas (cronbach alpha) post purchase regret sebesar 0,854 dan koefisien reliabilitas (cronbach alpha) impulse buying sebesar 0,876. Uji hipotesis dengan Correlation Spearmanâ€™s Rho diperoleh koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,143 dengan taraf signifikansi 0,004. Dengan demikian bunyi hipotesis terdapat hubungan antara impulse buying dan post purchase regret pada mahasiswa Unnes diterima. Dengan hasil tingkat impulse buying dan post purchase regret pada mahasiswa Unnes berada pada kategori sedang.One of the causes of post purchase regret is because of the lack of consideration in buying goods. A preliminary study with 74 Unnes college students 2020, get that finding as much 48 respondents are admits regrets buying goods outside of the original purchase plan. This study aims to test wheter there is a relationship between impulse buying and post purchase regret of Unnes college students, as well as to find out the impulse buying and post purchase regret description in Unnes college students. Correlational quantitative is used with 400 active Unnes 2020 college students as sample of research, by cluster random sampling technique. The data were collected using post purchase regret scale consisting of 23 items and a scale of impulse buying consisting of 26 items. The reliability coefficient (cronbachâ€™s alpha) of post purchase regret was 0,854 and the reliability coefficient (cronbachâ€™s alpha) of impulse buying was 0,876. Hypothesis testing using Spearman's Rho Correlation obtained a correlation coefficient of 0,143 with a significance level of 0,004. Thus the sound of the hypothesis is that there is a relationship between impulse buying and post purchase regret for Unnes students accepted. With the results, the level of impulse buying and post purchase regret to Unnes students is in the medium category.Â© 2020 Universitas Negeri Semarang
Osteoporosis and bone metabolism in patients with Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Grande Giuseppe , Graziani Andrea , Di Mambro Antonella , Selice Riccardo , Ferlin Alberto
Published: May 2023

Low bone mass is common in men with Klinefelter syndrome (KS), with a prevalence of 6–15% of osteoporosis and of 25–48% of osteopenia. Reduced bone mass has been described since adolescence and it might be related to both reduced bone formation and higher bone resorption. Although reduced testosterone levels are clearly involved in the pathogenesis, this relation is not always evident. Importantly, fracture risk is increased independently from bone mineral density (BMD) and testosterone levels. Here we discuss the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in patients with KS, with a particular focus on the role of testosterone and testis function. In fact, other hormonal mechanisms, such as global Leydig cell dysfunction, causing reduced insulin-like factor 3 and 25-OH vitamin D levels, and high follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol levels, might be involved. Furthermore, genetic aspects related to the supernumerary X chromosome might be involved, as well as androgen receptor expression and function. Notably, body composition, skeletal mass and strength, and age at diagnosis are other important aspects. Although dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry is recommended in the clinical workflow for patients with KS to measure BMD, recent evidence suggests that alterations in the microarchitecture of the bones and vertebral fractures might be present even in subjects with normal BMD. Therefore, analysis of trabecular bone score, high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography and vertebral morphometry seem promising tools to better estimate the fracture risk of patients with KS. This review also summarizes the evidence on the best available treatments for osteoporosis in men with KS, with or without hypogonadism.
Energy and global warming
Authors:   Institute of Engineering Thermophysics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv, Ukraine, Basok Borys Ivanovych , Bazeev Evgenyi Tryfonovich ,   Institute of Engineering Thermophysics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv, Ukraine, Dubovskyi Sergiy Vasylovych ,   Institute of Engineering Thermophysics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2023

The book presents an overview of the current state of global and Ukrainian energy sector, highlighting trends in energy development and detrimental climate changes, particularly the intensification of global warming. Within the context of fundamental thermophysical engineering, the work proposes scientific and technical measures as well as innovation-oriented technologies aimed at increasing the energy efficiency of energy resource utilization, reducing the emission of harmful substances and greenhouse gases, and providing adaptive measures to climate change in communal energy. Specifically, the text discusses how innovative engineering and construction solutions, low-carbon renewable energy technologies, and intelligent energy supply systems can contribute to energy efficiency in the supply of buildings. The work explores the state and trends of energy development in Ukraine, Europe, and the world at large, including the energy efficiency of primary energy resources and CO2 emissions associated with their energy transformations. The technogenic heat balance of the planet is also discussed. The work examines the dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions, causes and consequences of global climate warming, particularly how dissipative emissions of heat into the environment, in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics, contribute to this phenomenon. Furthermore, the document discusses modeling of the interaction between Ukraine’s electric power industry and communal energy, as well as approaches to balancing the country’s energy system with seasonal energy storage. The text highlights that heat pumps based on environmental energy can be considered emission-free renewable energy sources. Additionally, the work shows the relationship between demographic processes of population growth, primary world energy resource volume, and the increase in global climate temperature. Finally, the text evaluates potential challenges and risks to human development arising from excessive growth in energy comfort of life activities, which is often referred to as the “golden billion population.” The need for a comprehensive discussion of decarbonized or low-carbon energy and global warming is emphasized, and the presentation is intended to be both simple and accessible. The book is aimed at engineers, scientists, and students of higher technical educational institutions, as well as anyone interested in energy and global warming issues.
Directory (cadastre) of physical properties of rocks of Ukrainian shield at high pressures and temperatures
Authors:   S.I. Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Kyiv, Ukraine., Burtnyi Petro , Karnaukhova Olena ,   S.I. Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Kyiv, Ukraine., Kobolev Volodymyr ,   S.I. Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Kyiv, Ukraine., Korchin Valery ,   S.I. Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Kyiv, Ukraine., Kravchuk Myroslava ,   S.I. Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Kyiv, Ukraine., Denysenko Bogdan ,   S.I. Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Kyiv, Ukraine., Nech Olexander ,   S.I. Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Kyiv, Ukraine.
Published: May 2023

The directory systematizes the results of experimental laboratory studies of the physical properties of rocks of the Ukrainian Shield at high pressures and temperatures, obtained at the S.I. Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for the last half century. The created experimental facilities made it possible to study the physical characteristics of a large number of rock samples of the Ukrainian shield in a relatively short time using specially developed РT programs. The data are given by the main physical properties of rocks: elastic-density, thermophysical and electrical. The results of the experiments are summarized in the form of tables, graphs, correlations between physical parameters, structural elements and mineral composition of rocks. Comparison of the results of research into the physical characteristics of various rocks, studied in software РT-conditions of experiments corresponding to their distribution with depth in the Еarth’s crust of specific geological regions of the Ukrainian shield, with the materials of field geophysical observations carried out by various methods (seismometry, gravimetry, magnetometry, electrometry, geothermy) makes it possible to specify and predict the composition and state of the mineral matter of the lithosphere, to reveal heterogeneity and the nature of the formation of anomalous zones in the Еarth’s crust. The data provided in the directory can also be used to petrophysical modelling of the Еarth’s interior. The directory is intended for employees of research and design institutes, engineering and technical workers of mining enterprises, as well as for a wide range of geologists and geophysicists in the field of Earth physics, it will be useful for university students and postgraduate students of relevant specialties.
MODELING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC PROCESSES IN INDUCTION CHANNEL FURNACES TAKING INTO ACCOUNT METAL FRAMES
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,  pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Goryslavets Yu.M. , Gluhenky O.I. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,  pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Zalozny V.I. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,  pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine
Published: May 2023

On the basis of the formulated mathematical model for the study of electromagnetic processes in a two-phase (two-inductor) induction channel furnace, electrical losses in the metal frameworks of the furnace were calculated for vari-ous options for their sectioning. The influence of the phase angle between the voltages feeding the inductors of the fur-nace on the distribution of specific and integral losses in the frames is determined. Practical recommendations for re-ducing these losses in order to increase the efficiency of melting furnaces are presented. Ref. 5, fig. 5.
Structural and Optical Characterisation of Size-Selected Glutathione-Capped Colloidal Cu–In–S Quantum Dots
Authors: Azhniuk Y.M. , Havryliuk Ye.O. , Lopushanska B.V. , Lopushansky V.V. , Gomonnai A.V. , Zahn D.R.T.
Published: May 2023

Size-selected series of copper-deficient colloidal Cu–In–S quantum dots (QDs) stabilized with glutathione are obtained by the exchange reaction in aqueous solutions under mild synthesis conditions. The optical bandgap and photoluminescence maximum position shift toward higher energies with decreasing QD size. Based on X-ray diffraction data, the QDs are assigned to a tetragonal chalcopyrite-type structure. The average size of QDs, estimated from the Scherrer formula and from the comparison with the absorption edge-based sizing curves, exhibits a fair agreement, being in the interval of 1.2–2.9 nm. The Raman spectra of Cu–In–S QDs are analyzed with the account for the QD structure, confinement-related effects, non-stoichiometry, and possible existence of secondary phases.
Funcionalização do polietilenoglicol metil éter via reação de bromoacetilação: ativação, caracterização por MALDI-TOF e mecanismo de reação
Authors: Pereira B. Cordeiro Lídia , Lima William Gustavo , Soares Ana Caroline , Borges Marcia Helena , De Lima Maria Elena , Moreira Brito Júlio César
Published: May 2023

A PEGuilação, reação química de conjugação com a molécula de polietilenoglicol (PEG) ou polietilenoglicol metil éter (mPEG), tem sido amplamente aplicada pelas indústrias farmacêuticas como estratégia de melhoria das propriedades farmacocinéticas de compostos bioativos. O PEG é um polímero que possui um esqueleto de poliéter quimicamente inerte e que apresenta grupos hidroxilas (-OH) em suas extremidades. Assim, o PEG para tornar-se apto como reagente de conjugação deve ser ativado com um grupo funcional que seja reativo. Nesse sentido, a bromoacetilação apresenta-se como uma alternativa para a funcionalização do PEG. Portanto, nesse trabalho objetivamos descrever em detalhes os procedimentos e o mecanismo de reação envolvida na funcionalização do mPEG, através da reação de bromoacetilação. Além do mais, estudamos a aplicação do MALDI-ToF para a caracterização do produto ativado. Após a bromoacetilação, por um procedimento adaptado, obteve-se o bromoacetil-mPEG-éster, com rendimento bruto de 56,78%. Análises posteriores, por espectrometria de massas por MALDI-ToF, possibilitaram identificar e caracterizar o produto bromoacetilado. Entre as condições de reação, o controle de temperatura (-10 ºC a 0 ºC) mostrou-se eficaz favorecendo a adição nucleofílica essencial à bromoacetilação. Assim, concluímos que o controle da baixa temperatura reacional é um fator chave para o favorecimento da adição nucleofílica à carbonila e, portanto, essencial na obtenção do mPEG funcionalizado via bromoacetilação. Estudos posteriores serão necessários, no entanto, para confirmar se o mPEG esterificado, nessas condições, poderá ser utilizado na conjugação com moléculas de natureza proteica ou peptídica, por meio de substituição nucleofílica bimolecular.