bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
АЙМАҚТАҒЫ ЭКОНОМИКАЛЫҚ ӨСУ СТРАТЕГИЯСЫН ҚАЛЫПТАСТЫРУ
Authors: А. Ә. Әбухасен  , А. С. Кадырова
Published: July 2022

"Мақалада аймақ экономикасының жай-күйін талдау мен бағалау талқыланып, экономиканың даму проблемалары ашылып, мемлекеттік қолдау тәжірибесі мен мемлекеттік бағдарламаны әзірлеуге қосқан үлесі көрсетілген. Автор аймақ экономикасын талдау мен бағалауды дамытуға практикалық ұсыныстар береді. Өңірдің тұрақты дамуы құрылым құраушы салалардың қызмет етуінің тұрақтылығымен анықталады. Шаруашылық жүргізуші субъектінің өндірісінің дамуының тұрақтылығы деп оның өндірістің құлдырауына әкелетін әсерлерге төтеп беру және алдын алу қабілетін айтамыз. Тұрақты даму өндіріс факторларын тиімді пайдалана отырып және қажетті мерзімде тұтыну тауарларының қажетті ассортиментін ең аз шығынмен шығаруды қамтамасыз ететін өндіріс бола алады. Зерттеу объектісі Павлодар облысы өңірінің экономикасын талдау және бағалау болып табылады. Бұл зерттеудің әдістемесі салыстырмалы талдау, жалпылау, дедукция, жүйелеу, сауалнамалар, статистикалық мәліметтерді өңдеу және жағдайлық есептер сияқты ғылыми танымның әдістері сияқты жүйелі көзқарасқа негізделген. Бұл зерттеудің нәтижесі аймақ экономикасын талдау мен бағалаудың көпдеңгейлі тәсілін негіздеу болып табылады. Қорытындылай келе, дағдарыс кезінде бағалау мен талдаудың жанама әдістеріне басымдық беру керектігі баса айтылды. "
El perfil profesional de los educadores en los centros de menores de la Comunidad Valenciana
Authors:   Universitat de València, Tarín Cayuela Manuel
Published: July 2022

El presente trabajo recoge algunos aspectos específicos de un trabajo de investigación sobre el perfil profesional de los educadores/as sociales en los centros de menores de la Comunidad valenciana realizado en el año 2015.Con la finalidad de identificar las características,necesidades y expectativas de este colectivo profesional al que se encarga la atención de uno de los sectores más vulnerables de nuestra sociedad "la infancia y la adolescencia en riesgo".Contribuyendo a visualizar una profesión en pleno desarrollo y favoreciendo el creciente proceso de empoderamiento del educador/a social en este ámbito.Se han obtenido resultados significativos referentes a la titulación y a los niveles de formación que caracterizan a los educadores/as de los centros de menores.También respecto a los niveles de colegiación profesional, a la formación continua, las necesidades de formación, la satisfacción, las expectativas y las funciones que desarrollan los propios educadores/as.Elaborándose conclusiones según los diferentes tipos de recurso y partiendo de las variables que constituyen el perfil profesional.
Adolescentes infractoras. La perspectiva de género ante los procesos de conflicto con la ley. Un estudio de la Comunidad Valenciana
Authors:   Universitat de València, Reina Giménez Eva
Published: July 2022

Son diversas las investigaciones que se han realizado para conocer al adolescente en conflicto con la Ley, pero todas ellas hablan de forma generalizada sin tener en cuenta la perspectiva de género. Estas investigaciones nos presentan un perfil del joven, puesto que más de un 80% de los adolescentes en conflicto con la Ley son hombres.Esto nos lleva a afirmar, que lo que existe es un perfil completamente masculinizado de este concepto debido a que de cada 10 adolescentes en conflicto con la Ley 2 son mujeres. Con este libro se presenta el perfil de las adolescentes en conflicto con la Ley de la Comunidad Valenciana, además de los cinco perfiles que surgen entre dichas mujeres,afirmando que estos resultados serán extrapolables a todas aquellas sociedades que se rijan por leyes similares a las de dicha comunidad autónoma, y todo ello a través de una investigación sociológica que utiliza la triangulación del método a través de las técnicas de revisión documental, grupo focal e historias de vida.
Admirável Maternidade Nova
Authors: Guimarães Isabela Medina França Affonso dos Santos , Zornig Silvia Maria AbuJamra
Published: July 2022

A idealização da experiência subjetiva da mulher em relação à maternidade se contrasta com os novos ideais femininos que não mais se restringem à maternidade e ao matrimônio. Frente à pluralidade de destinos femininos possíveis para além da maternidade, buscou-se refletir, a partir de um estudo teórico, as repercussões psíquicas experimentadas pela mãe, a partir da chegada de um bebê, ancoradas tanto em sua história pessoal quanto no contexto social no qual se vive, uma vez que o tornar-se mãe não está livre das suposições de seu tempo. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo teórico a partir dos conceitos de preocupação materna primária e estado sem sujeito de Winnicott e Ogden, com objetivo de compreender esse momento, sempre singular, na vida da recém-mãe.
National Affects
Authors: Stephens Angharad Closs
Published: July 2022

Identity is widely acknowledged to be a felt experience, yet questions of atmosphere, mood and public sentiments are rarely made central to understanding the global politics of nationalism. This book asks what difference it makes when we address national identity as principally an affective force? National Affects traces how ideas about ‘us and them’ take form in ordinary spaces, in ways that are both deeply felt and hardly noticeable, in studies of global events that range from the London 2012 Olympic Games to responses to acts of terror, the European refugee crisis and ‘Brexit’.

In this timely intervention, Angharad Closs Stephens addresses the affective dimensions of being together to open new angles in the study of nationalism and global politics. She asks how the nation is felt in everyday life, as well as differently experienced, and investigates different forms of enacting being together to generate new insights in the study of national identity. National Affects draws on academic theories in the study of Politics, International Relations and Human Geography, as well as stories, performance works and novels, to establish a new tone of critical enquiry. Informed by longstanding critical interrogations of the politics of ‘us and them’, this book argues that these ideas are not as stable as they are often made to seem.

Drawing on a combination of artistic and academic interventions, this book offers a refreshing approach to conceptualising the politics of nationalism, identity and citizenship. In its focus on everyday atmospheres, it identifies new registers for intervening politically. Overall, National Affects outlines other ways of imagining and practising being political together, beyond the exclusionary politics of nationalism.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN THINK PAIR SHARE PADA MATERI JARAK, WAKTU DAN KECEPATAN KELAS V SD N 2 KUTA BLANG
Authors: Nazariah Syarifah
Published: July 2022

Rendahnya hasil belajar siswa kelas V SD N 2 Kuta Blang pada materi  jarak, waktu dan kecepatan disebabkan karena kurangnya perhatian siswa saat berlangsungnya proses pembelajaran serta aktifitas pembelajaran yang digunakan kurang bervariasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan model pembelajaran tipe Think-Pair-Share yang mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi jarak, waktu dan kecepatan di kelas V di SD Negeri 2 Kuta Blang. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan Kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas yang pelaksanaannya dilakukan dalam satu tindakan pada materi jarak, waktu dan kecepatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SD Negeri 2 Kutablang pada kelas V dengan jumlah peserta didik 16 orang. Data yang diperlukan dikumpulkan melalui test, observasi, wawancara dan catatan lapangan. Analisa data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu analisis kualitatif. Hasil tes akhir yang deperoleh pada tindakan 1 siklus 1 mencapai 68,75% dan meningkat pada tindakan 1 siklus II menjadi 87,5%. Pembelajaran matematika yang menggunakan model pembelajaran Think-Pair-Share membuat siswa menjadi lebih aktif, kreatif dan senang mengikuti pembelajaran matematika.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA PADA SISWA SD NEGERI 4 MAKMUR MENGGUNAKAN METODE JARIMATIKA
Authors: Kamara Ikhsan
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar matematika siswa pada materi perkalian dengan menggunakan metode jarimatika, selain itu juga bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan aktivitas Guru dan Siswa dalam mengelola pembelajaran menggunakan metode Jarimatika pada materi perkalian di kelas III SD Negeri 4 Kecamatan Makmur Kabupaten Bireuen. Adapun pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Sedangkan yang menjadi subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas III yang berjumlah 18 orang. Teknik analisis data dilaksanakan melalui pengamatan aktivitas guru dan siswa serta tes hasil belajar siswa. Adapun tingkat aktivitas siswa siklus I diperoleh 3,25 dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 3,75. Aktivitas guru pada siklus I diperoleh 3,12 dan meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 3,62. Sedangkan hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I diperoleh 63,33 dan meningkat menjadi 76,39 pada siklus II. Berdasarkan hasil yang telah didapatkan dari aktivitas guru dan siswa mengalami peningkatan. dimana hasil pembelajaran siswa terlihat lebih baik dari pada siklus I, hal ini diperoleh dari perbaikan pada siklus I dan penyempurnaan pada siklus II.berdasarkan data tersebut menunjukkan metode jarimatika dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa materi perkalian.
PERAN MUKIM DALAM SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN ACEH DI KEMUKIMAN LAUT TAWAR KECAMATAN LUT TAWAR KABUPATEN ACEH TENGAH
Authors: Kelana Edi Putra
Published: July 2022

Melihat keterbatasan otonomi desa, maka diperlukan solusi dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan desa. Salah satu solusinya adalah diperlukan pemimpin yang mampu menyelenggarakan pemerintahan dengan baik. Mukim sebagai penyelenggara pemerintahan, pelaksana pembangunan, pembinaan kemasyarakatan dan peningkatan pelaksanaan syariat Islam di Aceh. Undang-Undang RI No. 11 Tahun 2006 tentang Pemerintahan Aceh dan Qanun Provinsi Aceh No. 4 tahun 2003 tentang Pemerintahan Mukim dalam Provinsi Aceh. Kebijakan publik ini harus dikeluarkan dalam serangkaian petunjuk pelaksanaan dan petunjuk teknis yang berlaku dalam internal mukim, agar sasarannya berorientasi kepada masyarakat luas. Implementasi kebijakan merupakan tindakan, baik oleh pemeritah mukim, camat dan kepala desa untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah ditentukan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan, sehingga terdapat perbedaan peran dan fungsi dari masing-masing dan tidak terjadi tumpang tindih peran dan fungsinya. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, untuk melihat peran mukim dalam Sistem Pemerintahan Aceh. Studi Kasus dilakukan terhadap Mukim Laut Tawar Kecamatan Lut Tawar Kabupaten Aceh Tengah, karena selain mukim ini merupakan orang yang berpendidikan dan berwawasan, mukim ini juga memiiiki dedikasi dan loyalitas tinggi kepada masyarakatnya serta selama kepemimpinannya banyak mengalami perubahan dan kemajuan yang signifikan. Berdasarkan pembahasan di atas, disimpulkan bahwa: 1) peran mukim dalam sistem Pemerintahan Aceh Kemukiman Laut Tawar Kecamatan Lut Tawar Kabupaten Aceh Tengah dalam menjalankan roda pemerintahan di Kemukiman Laut Tawar mendorong mukim untuk mencapai kinerja pemerintahan yang sempuma dan mencapai tujuan bersama, serta sesuai dengan aspirasi masyarakat saat ini dan dimasa depan; dan 2) tingkat keberhasilan dalam menjalankan peran dan fungsinya sebagai mukim di Kemukiman Laut Tawar, dapat diukur dari kinerja mukim selama menjabat sebagai Mukim Laut Tawar serta perbandingan tingkat keberhasilan antara sebelum dan sesudah menjalani roda pemerintahan dalam segala bidang, serta implementasinya apakah sudah sesuai dengan peran dan fungsi berdasarkan cita-cita bersama
ANALISIS POPULASI PENDUDUK DAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN DI KABUPATEN ACEH JAYA DENGAN METODE CLUSTER PAUTAN TUNGGAL
Authors: Apriani Wiwin , Hayati Rahmi
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui heterogenitas populasi penduduk dan tingkat pendidikan di Kabupaten Aceh Jaya tahun 2020. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder hasil dari Sensus Penduduk yang dilakukan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah 1) variabel penjelas (X), terdiri atas: (1) populasi penduduk (X1), berupa data jumlah penduduk, jumlah laki-laki, jumlah perempuan dan jumlah kepala rumah tangga (RT); (2) tingkat pendidikan (X2), berupa data jumlah belum tamat SD,  tamat SD, tamat SMP, tamat SMA, tamat SMK, tamat D1, tamat D3, tamat D4/S1, dan jumlah tamat S2/S3; serta 2) variabel respon (Y), merupakan kecamatan yang terdapat di Kabupaten Aceh Jaya, terdiri dari Teunom, Panga, Krueng Sabee, Setia Bakti, Sampoiniet dan Jaya. Untuk menganalisis kasus tersebut, digunakan analisis cluster pautan tunggal, yaitu mengelompokkan setiap obyek pengamatan dalam satu kelompok yang terdiri dari satu anggota. Lalu, menghitung nilai jarak antarobyek dengan metode pautan tunggal. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa keheterogenan populasi penduduk di Kabupaten Aceh Jaya yang paling besar di Kecamatan Panga dan Jaya dengan jarak 15723,364. Sedangkan pada tingkat pendidikan, Kecamatan Panga dan Jaya terjadi keheterogenan karakteristiknya dengan jarak 9019,637. Hal ini berarti populasi penduduk dan tingkat pendidikan pada Kecamatan Jaya dan Panga memiliki perbedaan karaktristik yang sangat besar.
Evaluation of Machines Learning Algorithms in Detection of Malware-based Phishing Attacks for Securing E-Mail Communication
Authors: L. Kisambu Kambey , Mjahidi Mohamedi
Published: July 2022

Malicious software, commonly known as Malware is one of the most significant threats facing Internet users today. Malware-based phishing attacks are among the major threats to Internet users that are difficult to defend against because they do not appear to be malicious in nature. There were several initiatives in combating phishing attacks but there are many difficulties and obstacles encountered. This study deals with evaluation of machine learning algorithms in detection of malware-based phishing attacks for securing email communication. It deeply evaluate the efficacy of the algorithms when integrated with major open-source security mail filters with different mitigation techniques. The main classifiers used such as SVM, KNN, Logistic Regression and Naïve Bayes were evaluated using performance metrics namely accuracy, precision, recall and f-score. Based on the findings, the study proposed improvement for securing e-mail communication against malware-based phishing using the best performing machine-learning algorithm to keep pace with malware evolution.
Survey of Secure Network Protocols: United States Related Domains
Authors: Dunbar DeJean
Published: July 2022

Over time, the HTTP Protocol has undergone significant evolution. HTTP was the internet's foundation for data communication. When network security threats became prevalent, HTTPS became a widely accepted technology for assisting in a domain’s defense. HTTPS supported two security protocols: secure socket layer (SSL) and transport layer security (TLS). Additionally, the HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) protocol was included to strengthen the HTTPS protocol. Numerous cyber-attacks occurred in the United States, and many of these attacks could have been avoided simply by implementing domains with the most up-to-date HTTP security mechanisms. This study seeks to accomplish two objectives: 1. Determine the degree to which US-related domains are configured optimally for HTTP security protocol setup; 2. Create a generic scoring system for a domain's network security based on the following factors: SSL version, TLS version, and presence of HSTS to easily determine where a domain stands. We found through our analysis and scoring system incorporation that US-related domains showed a positive trend for secure network protocol setup, but there is still room for improvement. In order to safeguard unwanted cyber-attacks, current HTTP domains need to be extensively investigated to identify if they possess security-related components. Due to the infrequent occurrence of HSTS in the evaluated domains, the computer science community necessitates further HSTS education.
Mistakes of a Popular Protocol Calculating Private Set Intersection and Union Cardinality and its Corrections
Authors: Tan Yang , Lv Bo
Published: July 2022

In 2012, De Cristofaro et al. proposed a protocol to calculate the Private Set Intersection and Union cardinality (PSI-CA and PSU-CA). This protocol's security is based on the famous DDH assumption. Since its publication, it has gained lots of popularity because of its efficiency (linear complexity in computation and communication) and concision. So far, it's still considered one of the most efficient PSI-CA protocols and the most cited (more than 170 citations) PSI-CA paper based on the Google Scholar search. However, when we tried to implement this protocol, we couldn't get the correct result of the test data. Since the original paper lacks of experimental results to verify the protocol's correctness, we looked deeper into the protocol and found out it made a fundamental mistake. Needless to say, its correctness analysis and security proof are also wrong. In this paper, we will point out this PSI-CA protocol's mistakes, and provide the correct version of this protocol as well as the PSI protocol developed from this protocol. We also present a new security proof and some experimental results of the corrected protocol.
Multi-View Human Tracking and 3D Localization in Retail
Authors: Jadhav Akash
Published: July 2022

In recent years, retail stores have seen traction in bringing online shopping experience to offline stores via autonomous checkouts. Autonomous checkouts is a computer vision-based technology that needs to understand three human elements within the store: who, where, and doing what. This paper addresses two of the three elements: who and where. It presents an approach to track and localize humans in a multi-view camera system. Traditional methods have limitations as they: (1) fail to overcome substantial occlusion of humans; (2) suffer a lengthy processing time; (3) require a planar homography constraint between camera frames; (4) suffer swapping of labels assigned to a human. The proposed method in this paper handles all the aforementioned limitations. The key idea is to use a hierarchical association model for tracking, which uses each human's clothing features, human pose orientation, and relative depth of joints, and runs at over 23fps.
Cryptographic Algorithms Identification based on Deep Learning
Authors: Xia Ruiqi , Li Manman , Chen Shaozhen
Published: July 2022

The identification of cryptographic algorithms is the premise of cryptanalysis which can help recover the keys effectively. This paper focuses on the construction of cryptographic identification classifiers based on residual neural network and feature engineering. We select 6 algorithms including block ciphers and public keys ciphers for experiments. The results show that the accuracy is generally over 90% for each algorithm. Our work has successfully combined deep learning with cryptanalysis, which is also very meaningful for the development of modern cryptography and pattern recognition.
EmailTracker: An Intelligent Analytical System to Assist Email Event Tracking using Artificial Intelligence and Big Data
Authors: Zheng Joyce , Sun Yu
Published: July 2022

Recent studies have shown an increasing demand for software that assists in social media applications, such as Gmail [1] [2]. This paper develops a software that utilizes a pixel image in order to assist Gmail users with the status of their email [3]. This intelligent analytical system can be used to tell whether an email has been opened or not. After conducting a qualitative evaluation of this approach, the results provided evidence of the system’s usability and the reliability of the system to give accurate results and data.
Monetizando los datos
Authors: Quijada Cuéllar Carlos Alfonso
Published: July 2022

Los datos se consideran un activo cada vez más valioso en las empresas. Expertos sostienen que la mejor manera de monetizar este activo es aprovecharlo para mejorar la propuesta de valor de la empresa hacia sus clientes y para fortalecer su competitividad a través de los procesos principales de su modelo de negocio.En este trabajo se presentan estrategias y metodología que pueden utilizarse para modelar datos en los negocios que pueden contribuir a brindar herramientas para proponer iniciativas en torno a la monetización de datos en los negocios.
Realidad Empresarial No. 13, 2022: 52-55.
Sistema de información y monitoreo en negocios
Authors: Corado A. Ricardo A.
Published: July 2022

Muchos de los avances e inicios de ciencias como ingeniería, economía, investigación, medicina se han dado gracias a la obtención de información y el diseño de instrumentos adecuados para obtenerla. Esto también ha sido esencial para la toma de decisiones operativas y financieras dentro de diferentes tipos de entidades en el mundo empresarial, pero al mismo tiempo los procesos e instrumentos de obtención de información han servido de base para otras áreas relacionadas con la gestión de proyectos, áreas que también son importantes tanto para el resultado fi nal de los proyectos, como para sustentar cambios de dirección en ellos. La exigencia para el mundo empresarial debido a retos externos de un mundo globalizado y elementos propios del contexto de El Salvador hacen que las empresas enfrenten una carrera diaria por su supervivencia y permanencia dentro de un mercado, pues aún en medio de una pandemia aparentemente controlada las consecuencias están comenzando a ser más claras cada día. Los problemas en la cadena de suministro y la inflación son solo una fotografía actualizada de una economía mundial en posible recesión. En el siguiente contenido estableceremos la importancia que tanto los procesos de monitoreo y los sistemas de información como la información que se recoge tienen para la toma de decisiones en un mundo cada vez más conectado.
Realidad Empresarial No. 13, 2022: 56-61
The Impact of The COVID-19 Lockdown on The Revenues of Authorized Intermediaries On The Bucharest Stock Exchange
Authors: Constantin Bunget Ovidiu , Lungu Cristian , Balan Diana
Published: July 2022

The year 2020 has been remembered as one of the biggest health crises for human society. Restrictive traffic conditions, including economic activity, have helped to reduce trade relations around the globe. Many national and international companies, due to the decrease in turnover, have declared bankruptcy proceedings or resorted to state subsidies / bank loans to ensure the continuity of their activity.
Factors Influencing the Use of Conceptual Frameworks in The Field of IT Management
Authors: ROMANOVA Anita , CERNY Matej
Published: July 2022

The field of IT management is one of the most discussed areas. This was initiated by changes in IT development, its importance, and the view of IT. IT is no longer just a view of the technologies themselves, but also a view on their importance in business activities and IT management in the business context.
Evaluation of the Innovative Activity of Insurance Companies in the Framework of Supporting the Development Policy of Business Incubators
Authors: MULIC Andrei , GAVLITCHI Chiril , ULIAN Ecaterina
Published: July 2022

Research motivation is determined by establishing the role of development policy and the legislative framework in stimulating innovations during the transition of the economy of the Republic of Moldova to an innovative path of development focused on European integration.
Kurumsal İktisadın İktisadi Düşünceye Katkıları
Authors: KAYIKÇI Fazıl , KESGİN Mustafa
Published: July 2022

İnsan davranışlarının iktisadi olay ve olgular üzerindeki etkisine yönelik ilginin son yıllarda artarak devam ettiği görülmektedir. Bu kapsamda, davranışların istikrar kazanarak, düşünceden eyleme kadar, toplumun paydaşları için tercih sınırlarını belirleyen ve bireysel eylemin çerçevesini oluşturan formel-enformel kurallar seti halini aldığı kurumlar, gerçek dünya ile uyumlu bir iktisadi düşünce sistemi geliştirilebilmesi açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir. İktisadi olay ve olgulara yönelik dinamik bakış açısıyla kurumsal iktisadi gelenek, kurumların iktisadi düzen üzerindeki etkisini farklı açılardan değerlendirerek önemli keşifler ortaya koymuş ve bu alanda büyük bir açığı kapatmıştır. Bu çalışma ile Thorstein B. Veblen’in Darvinci evrim yaklaşımını temel alarak ortaya koyduğu öncü çalışmalarla başlayan kurumsal iktisadın tarihsel serüveni, eski ve yeni kurumsal iktisat perspektifinden ele alınmıştır. Geleneğin önde gelen temsilcilerinin kurumları analize dâhil emek suretiyle iktisadi düşünceye yapmış oldukları katkılar ortaya konularak, insan davranışlarının iktisadi etkisine yönelik çalışmalara kurumsallaşmış davranış perspektifinden de bir kapı aralanması amaçlanmıştır. Buna ek olarak kurumsal geleneğin sürdürülebilmesine yönelik değerlendirmeler ele alınmış, günümüz hâkim iktisadi yaklaşım çerçevesinde söz konusu geleneğin avantaj ve dezavantajları vurgulanmıştır.
Water enhances the formation of fragmentation products via the cross-reactions of RO2 and HO2 in the photooxidation of isoprene
Authors: Xu Jiayun , Chen Zhongming , Qin Xuan , Dong Ping
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The photooxidation of isoprene contributes significantly to the peroxy radical (RO2) pool in the atmosphere. With a widespread decreasing trend of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions, the cross-reactions of isoprene-derived RO2 with hydroperoxy radicals (HO2) become increasingly important. Yet large uncertainties remain in the effect of water vapor on the products yields in these reactions. In the present study, we investigated the photooxidation of isoprene under 30 % relative humidity and 80 % RH in which the cross-reactions of RO2 and HO2 were dominated. The experiments were conducted with ozone photolysis as the hydroxy radical (OH) source. We found that in the first-generation reactions, the branching ratios for methacrolein (MACR) and methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) in the cross-reactions of β-isoprene hydroxy peroxy radicals (β-ISOPOO) and HO2 under 30 % RH and 80 % RH increased to approximately three times and five times of those under dry conditions owing to a water-induced change in the complexation patterns of β-ISOPOO and HO2. Based on the branching ratios achieved in this study, we estimated that the MACR and MVK emissions are enhanced by 4.7−12 and 18−34 Tg yr−1 while the β-isoprene hydroxy hydroperoxide (β-ISOPOOH) emission is suppressed by 39−78 Tg yr−1 on a global scale when considering the water effect. In the multi-generation reactions, the yields of formic acid (FA) and acetic acid (AA) with water vapor were raised by over fivefold than we expected, able to narrow the bias between the modeled and observed global FA productions by 20 %. Since β-ISOPOOH and MACR, as well as FA and AA, play pivotal roles in aerosol formation and growth, a better interpretation of their yields helps understand the fate of isoprene in the atmosphere and improve the effect of the simulations of isoprene-derived aerosol burdens and chemical compositions.
Complementarity of Wind Measurements from Co-located X-band Weather Radar and Doppler Lidar
Authors: Ritvanen Jenna , O'Connor Ewan , Moisseev Dmitri , Lehtinen Raisa , Tyynelä Jani , Thobois Ludovic
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Accurate wind profile measurements are important for applications ranging from aviation to numerical weather prediction. The spatial pattern of winds can be obtained with ground-based remote sensing instruments, such as weather radars and Doppler lidars. As the return signal in weather radars is mostly due to hydrometeors or insects, and in Doppler lidars due to aerosols, the instruments provide wind measurements in different weather conditions. However, the effect of various weather conditions on the measurement capabilities of these instruments has not been previously extensively quantified. Here we present results from a 7-month measurement campaign that took place in Vantaa, Finland, where a co-located Vaisala WRS400 X-band weather radar and WindCube400S Doppler lidar were employed continuously to perform wind measurements. Both instruments measured plan-position-indicator (PPI) scans at 2.0 degrees elevation from horizontal. Direct comparison of radial Doppler velocities from both instruments showed good agreement with R2 = 0.96. We then examined the effect of horizontal visibility, cloud base height, and precipitation intensity on the measurement availability of each instrument. The Doppler lidar displayed good availability in clear air situations and the X-band radar in precipitation. Both instruments exhibited high availability in clear air conditions in summer when insects were present. The complementary performance in measurement availability of the two instruments means that their combination substantially increases the spatial coverage of wind observations across a wide range of weather conditions.
Impact of sky conditions on net ecosystem productivity of a “floating blanket” wetland in southwest China
Authors: Shao Yamei , Liu Huizhi , Du Qun , Liu Yang , Sun Jihua , Li Yaohui
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Based on eddy covariance (EC) measurements from 2016 to 2020, the impact of sky conditions on net ecosystem productivity (NEP) over Beihai wetland was examined. Sky conditions were classified into sunny, cloudy and overcast skies. On half-hourly timescale, the daytime NEP responds to the changing total photosynthetically active radiation (PARt) more efficiently under cloudy and overcast conditions than sunny conditions across seasons. Compared with sunny conditions, the apparent quantum yield (α) under overcast (cloudy) conditions increased 342.9 % (271.4 %) in spring, 17.6 % (20.6 %) in summer, 280.0 % (230.0 %) in autumn and 125.0 % (25.0 %) in winter, respectively. Unlike the patterns of half-hourly NEP, the daily NEP was significantly lower under overcast conditions than that under cloudy and sunny conditions. And the daily NEP peaked under cloudy skies when the clearness index (CI) fluctuated around 0.3–0.6. Additionally, the ecosystem light use efficiency (LUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) also changed with the variations in sky conditions. The daily LUE and WUE reached their maximum values under overcast (CI: 0–0.2) and cloudy conditions (CI: 0.2–0.4), respectively. NEP was mainly controlled by the diffuse photosynthetically active radiation (PARd) and air temperature (Ta), and the direct photosynthetically active radiation (PARb) had a secondary effect on NEP from half-hourly to monthly timescales. Path analysis revealed that PARb and Ta were the main controls affecting NEP under sunny conditions. While under cloudy and overcast conditions, PARd was the most responsible for the variations of NEP.
Self-organization of channels and hillslopes in models of fluvial landform evolution
Authors: Hergarten Stefan , Pietrek Alexa
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Including hillslope processes in models of fluvial landform evolution is still challenging. Since applying the respective models for fluvial and hillslope processes to the entire domain causes scaling problems and makes the results dependent on the spatial resolution, the domain is explicitly subdivided into channels and hillslopes in some models. The transition from hillslopes to channels is typically attributed to a given threshold catchment size as a proxy for a minimum required discharge. Here we propose a complementary approach for delineating channels based on the discrete representation of the topography. We assume that sites with only one lower neighbor are channelized. In combination with a suitable model for hillslope processes, this concept initiates a self-organization of channels and hillslopes. A numerical analysis with a simple model for hillslope dynamics reveals no scaling issues, so that the results appear to be independent of the spatial resolution. The approach predicts a break in slope in the sense that all channels are distinctly less steep than hillslopes. On a regular lattice, the simple D8 flow routing scheme (steepest descent among the 8 nearest and diagonal neighbors) harmonizes well with the concept proposed here. The D8 scheme works well even when applied to the hillslopes. This property simplifies the numerical implementation and increases its efficiency.
Investigating the thermal state of permafrost with Bayesian inverse modeling of heat transfer
Authors: Groenke Brian , Langer Moritz , Nitzbon Jan , Westermann Sebastian , Gallego Guillermo , Boike Julia
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Long-term measurements of permafrost temperatures do not provide a complete picture of the Arctic subsurface thermal regime. Regions with warmer permafrost often show little to no long-term change in ground temperature due to the uptake and release of latent heat during freezing and thawing. Thus, regions where the least warming is observed may also be the most vulnerable to permafrost degradation. Since direct measurements of ice and liquid water contents in the permafrost layer are not widely available, thermal modeling of the subsurface plays a crucial role in understanding how permafrost responds to changes in the local energy balance. In this work, we first analyze trends in observed air and permafrost temperatures at four sites within the continuous permafrost zone, where we find substantial variation in the apparent relationship between long-term changes in permafrost temperatures (0.02 K yr−1 to 0.16 K yr−1) and air temperature (0.09 K yr−1 to 0.11 K yr−1). We then apply recently developed Bayesian inversion methods to link observed changes in borehole temperatures to unobserved changes in latent heat and thaw depth using a transient model of heat conduction with phase change. Our results suggest that the degree to which recent warming trends correlate with permafrost thaw and variations in latent heat is heavily dependent on both local soil properties as well as historical climatology. At the warmest site, a nine meter borehole near Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, modeled annual maximum thaw depth increases by an average of (12 ± 1) cm K−1 rise in mean annual ground temperature. In stark contrast, modeled thaw rates for a borehole on Samoylov Island in the Lena River Delta (northeastern Siberia) appear far less sensitive to temperature change, with an almost negligible increase of (1 ± 1) cm K−1. Although our study is limited to just four sites, the results urge caution in the interpretation and comparison of warming trends in Arctic boreholes, indicating substantial uncertainty in their implications for the current and future thermal state of permafrost.
A new analytical method for stability analysis of rock blocks with cavity in sub-horizontal strata by considering eccentric effect
Authors: Shi Xushan , Chai Bo , Du Juan , Wang Wei , Liu Bo
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The basal cavity of rock block formed due to differential weathering is an important predisposing factor for rockfall, in hard-soft interbedded rocks. The rock block falling due to eccentric effect with the failure modes of toppling or sliding is defined as biased rockfall in this study. Considering the non-uniform stress distribution due to eccentric effect, a new analytical method for three-dimensional stability analysis of biased rockfall is proposed. In addition, a set of factors of safety (Fos) against partial damage (compressive and tensile damage of soft underlying layer) and overall failure (toppling and sliding of hard rock block) are used to determine the rockfall susceptibility level. The analytical method was applied and validated with the biased rockfalls in the northeast edge of Sichuan basin in Southwest China, where a large amounts of rockfalls develops, composed of overlying thick sandstone and underlying mudstone. The evolution process of biased rockfalls is divided into four stages, initial state, cavity formation, partial unstable and failure. The proposed method is validated by calculating Fos of the typical unstable rock blocks in the study area. It is indicated that the continuous retreat of cavity causes the stress redistribution between hard and soft rock layers. Consequently, the development of eccentric effect leads to the damage of underlying soft rock layer and the further failure of hard rock block. The critical cavity retreat ratio is determined as 0.33 to classify the low and moderate rockfall susceptibility. The proposed analytical method is effective for the early identification of biased rockfall, which is significant for rockfall prevention and risk mitigation.
Assessing the robustness and scalability of the accelerated pseudo-transient method
Authors: Räss Ludovic , Utkin Ivan , Duretz Thibault , Omlin Samuel , Podladchikov Yuri Y.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The development of highly efficient, robust and scalable numerical algorithms lags behind the rapid increase in massive parallelism of modern hardware.
We address this challenge with the accelerated pseudo-transient (PT) iterative method and present a physically motivated derivation.
We analytically determine optimal iteration parameters for a variety of basic physical processes and confirm the validity of theoretical predictions with numerical experiments.
We provide an efficient numerical implementation of PT solvers on graphical processing units (GPUs) using the Julia language. We achieve a parallel efficiency of more than 96 % on 2197 GPUs in distributed-memory parallelisation weak-scaling benchmarks.
The 2197 GPUs allow for unprecedented tera-scale solutions of 3D variable viscosity Stokes flow on 49953 grid cells involving over 1.2 trillion degrees of freedom (DoFs).
We verify the robustness of the method by handling contrasts up to 9 orders of magnitude in material parameters such as viscosity and arbitrary distribution of viscous inclusions for different flow configurations. Moreover, we show that this method is well suited to tackle strongly nonlinear problems such as shear-banding in a visco-elasto-plastic medium. A GPU-based implementation can outperform direct-iterative solvers based on central processing units (CPUs) in terms of wall time, even at relatively low spatial resolution.
We additionally motivate the accessibility of the method by its conciseness, flexibility, physically motivated derivation and ease of implementation. This solution strategy thus has a great potential for future high-performance computing (HPC) applications, and for paving the road to exascale in the geosciences and beyond.
Investigating coastal backwater effects and flooding in the coastal zone using a global river transport model on an unstructured mesh
Authors: Feng Dongyu , Tan Zeli , Engwirda Darren , Liao Chang , Xu Donghui , Bisht Gautam , Zhou Tian , Li Hong-Yi , Leung Ruby
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Coastal backwater effects are caused by the downstream water level increase as the result of elevated sea level, high river discharge and their compounding influence. Such effects have crucial impacts on floods in densely populated regions but have not been well represented in large-scale river models used in Earth System Models (ESMs), partly due to model mesh deficiency and oversimplifications of river hydrodynamics. Using two mid-Atlantic river basins as a testbed, we perform the first attempt to simulate the backwater effects comprehensively over a coastal region using the MOSART river transport model under an Earth system model framework i.e., Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) configured on a regionally-refined unstructured mesh, with a focus on understanding the backwater drivers and their long-term variations. By including sea level variations at the river downstream boundary, the model performance in capturing backwaters is greatly improved. We also propose a new flood event selection scheme to facilitate the decomposition of backwater drivers into different components. Our results show that while storm surge is a key driver, the influence of extreme discharge cannot be neglected, particularly when the river drains to a narrow river-like estuary. Compound flooding, while not necessarily increasing the flood peaks, exacerbates the flood risk by extending the duration of multiple coastal and fluvial processes. Furthermore, our simulations and analysis highlight the increasing strength of backwater effects due to sea level rise and more frequent storm surge during 1990–2019. Thus, backwaters need to be properly represented in ESMs for improving predictive understanding of coastal flooding.
Simultaneous inference for a high-dimensional precision matrix
Authors: Gao Wenjie , Dong Ruipeng , Wu Jie ,   International Institute of Finance, School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Published: July 2022

Gaussian graphical models have been widely used for network data analysis. Although various methods exist for estimating the parameters, simultaneous inference is essential for graphical models. In this study, we propose a bootstrap procedure to conduct simultaneous inference for Gaussian graphical models. The simultaneous inference procedure is applied to large-scale graphical models and allows the dimension of the parameter vector of interest to exceed the sample size. We prove that the simultaneous test achieves a pre-set significance level asymptotically. Further simulation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Review on the Ecological, Economical, Physiological Phytochemical and In-Vitro Studies in the Moss Hyophila involuta (Hook.) A. Jaeger
Authors: Sethumadhavan Abhilash Kalathil , Alen Alex Philip
Published: July 2022

Mosses are one of the major plant groups on which taxonomic studies, as well as various experimental aspects, has been tried on. These promising group of plants has been used against Ecological, Economic as well as Anti-Pollution objectives as well. The present literature reviews all the experimental aspects which have been studied on the particular moss Hyophila involuta (Hook.) A. Jaeger.

Keywords: Hyophila involuta (Hook.) A. Jaeger., Physiology, Ecology, Economic importance, Protonema, Gemmae.
Cancer and Evolution: An Ancient Relation Explored Recently
Authors: Chatterjee Anirban
Published: July 2022

Cancer is a consequence of multi-cellularity and is a striking example of multilevel selection. The theory of cancer initiation and progression has its root deep within the evolutionary and ecological concepts. Cancer develops through somatic evolution, with genetic and epigenetic precariousness, generating fitness variation among the cells in the body. Epidemiological, genetic, and molecular biological research have cumulatively provided us with a brimming source of data that affirms our current understanding of the etiology and molecular pathogenesis of cancer. But this aspect only focuses on immediate mechanisms and does not competently explain the pervasiveness of tumors and cancer in animal species or what seems to be the exceptional vulnerability of Homo sapiens. At a practical level, analyses suggest that, for evolutionary reasons, as a species, we are inherently more likely to develop cancer (than we might like to admit). Though we cannot reverse our genetic legacies and predilection to cancer, emphasizing inherent vulnerability in an ‘evolutionary’ way strongly ratifies our current attempts to combat cancer. In actuality, neoplasms are microcosms of evolution. Within a neoplasm, a mosaic of mutant cells competes for space and resources, evades predation by the immune system, and can even cooperate to disperse and colonize new organs (metastasis). The evolution of neoplastic cells can explain both why we get cancer and why it has been so difficult to find a cure. Although the idea of cancer as an evolutionary problem is not new at least historically little attention has been delivered to applications of evolutionary biological principles in understanding and controlling neoplastic progression. Already, we have reached the high time when this should be changed. Ernst Mayr aptly said that “No biological problem is solved until both the proximate and the evolutionary causation has been elucidated”

Keywords: [Cancer, adaptation, evolution].
Ethambutol Effect on Renal and Hepatic Tissue Changes: A Literature Review
Authors: Hasanuddin Riskawati , Muis Mirna , Minhajat Rahmawati
Published: July 2022

Background: Ethambutol is an oral chemotherapeutic drug specifically effective against the active growth of microorganisms of the genus Mycobacterium. Ethambutol is generally well-tolerated and rarely causes side effects. One of the commonly known side effects of ethambutol is optic neuritis, some others include peripheral neuropathy, numbness and tingling, hepatotoxicity, mental disorders, disorientation, hallucinations, to psychosis.
Purpose: This review aims to explain current and previous opinions about ethambutol use and its effects on kidney and liver tissue. The results of this review are expected to provide an overview of the impact of using ethambutol caused tissue damage in humans.
Methods: In this literature review, we performed a search for several keywords such as "ethambutol", "renal tissue", and "hepatic tissue” on PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases from January 2010 to January 2022.
Results: Combination antituberculosis therapy intervention of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol causes elevated liver enzymes and drug-induced liver injury. Studies reported 14 of 634 (2%) patients on ethambutol are at risk for DILI. Antituberculosis medications have also been reported to affect the kidneys because of their association with the liver as part of the excretory system. Therefore, the kidneys are exposed to the harmful effects of intermediate or waste metabolism leading to injury in these cases.
Conclusion: Ethambutol has not been shown to significantly cause damage to liver and kidney tissue, but it has been reported to have an impact on elevated liver enzymes and renal impairment supported by histological findings.

Keywords: Ethambutol, renal tissue, hepatic tissue.
Analysis of the Effect of Motivation and Work Discipline on the Performance of Employees at PT Bank Mandiri Binjai Branch
Authors: Ginting Zulfirman , Sadalia Isfenti , . Nazaruddin
Published: July 2022

Professional and quality employees will form high performance, both individually and in groups so that it has an impact on the effectiveness of the organization as a whole. The problem is how to create employees who can produce optimal performance so that organizational goals can be achieved. This study aims to determine the effect of work motivation and work discipline on the performance of employees of Bank Mandiri Branch Binjai. To determine the effect of work motivation and work discipline on employees of Bank Mandiri Binjai Branch, the population of this study was all 49 employees of Bank Mandiri Branch Binjai. Considering that the total population is still within the scope of the study, the sampling was carried out using the census method, i.e. all members of the analysis. The test results show that there is a positive and significant effect of work motivation on employee performance. It can be interpreted that work motivation and work discipline influence the performance of employees of Bank Mandiri Branch Binjai either simultaneously or partially.

Keywords: Employee Performance, Work Motivation, and Work Discipline.