bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An unusual case of pleural nodularity
Authors: Williams Ruth , Davies Helen E.
Published: May 2018

A 65‐year‐old man was referred to the respiratory unit for evaluation of a left lower‐zone opacity noted on a chest radiograph. On review, he appeared well and denied any respiratory symptoms. Physical examination was normal. A thoracic computed tomogram (CT) revealed widespread pleural nodularity with fissural and diaphragmatic involvement and prominent mediastinal lymph nodes. An image‐guided percutaneous pleural biopsy was arranged. Histological analysis confirmed adenocarcinoma, with initial immunostaining failing to identify the primary site. However, a staging CT scan demonstrated bony lesions and an irregular prostate. Serum PSA level was elevated, and subsequent PSA immunohistochemistry strongly positive; a diagnosis of metastatic prostate cancer was made. Prostate cancer has a well‐recognized pattern of metastatic disease (local lymph nodes and bone). Autopsy studies demonstrate that a significant number of patients have pleural involvement, contrasting with the rarity of clinically evident pleural disease during life.
Severe upper gastrointestinal disorders in pembrolizumab‐treated non‐small cell lung cancer patient
Authors: Onuki Tsugitoshi , Morita Eri , Sakamoto Noritaka , Nagai Yoshiaki , Sata Masafumi , Hagiwara Koichi
Published: May 2018

Pembrolizumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor that induces side effects called “immune‐related adverse events” (irAEs). Various types of organs are affected by irAEs, although reports of upper gastrointestinal disorders are rare. Here, we report a case of extensive inflammatory pathologies in the oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, and jejunum after the administration of pembrolizumab for non‐small cell lung cancer.
The first generation of true digital natives
Authors: McKnight Kelly
Published: May 2018

Born between 1996 and 2010, we look at what sets Gen Z apart from previous cohorts
Hello Quintastics!
Authors: van Vemden Sandra , Gerritsen Liesbeth
Published: May 2018

Gen X isn't ready to be labeled as elderly.
Follow 5 success strategies on the path to becoming a VP of student affairs
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: May 2018

PHILADELPHIA — If you aspire to become a vice president of student affairs, you need a plan to get there. But not just any plan will suffice. In fact, you'll want to follow the advice of those who have successfully moved up the ranks.
100 keV H+ ion irradiation of as‐deposited Al‐doped ZnO thin films: An interest in tailoring surface morphology for sensor applications
Authors: Sahoo Susanta Kumar , Mangal Sutanu , Mishra D.K. , Singh Udai P. , Kumar Pravin
Published: May 2018

We report the influence of 100 keV H+ ion beam irradiation on the surface morphology, crystalline structure, and transport properties of as‐deposited Al‐doped ZnO (Al:ZnO) thin films. The films were deposited on silicon (Si) substrate by using DC sputtering technique. The ion irradiation was carried out at various fluences ranging from 1.0 × 1012 to 3.0 × 1014 ions/cm2. The virgin and ion‐irradiated films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Hall probe measurements. Using X‐ray diffraction spectra, 5 points Williamson‐Hall plots were drawn to deduce the crystallite site and strain in Al:ZnO films. The analysis of the measurements shows that the films are almost radiation resistant in the structural deformation under chosen irradiation conditions. With beam irradiation, the transport properties of the films are also preserved (do not vary orders of magnitude). However, the surface roughness and the crystallite size, which are crucial parameters of the ZnO film as a gas sensor, are at variation with the ion fluence. As ion fluence increases, the root‐mean‐square surface roughness oscillates and the surface undergoes for smoothening with irradiation at chosen highest fluence. The crystallite size decreases initially, increases for intermediate fluences, and drops almost to the value of the pristine film at highest fluence. In the paper, these interesting experimental results are discussed in correlations with ion‐matter interactions especially energy losses by the ion beam in the material.
The design of structural ”spider webs“
Authors: Baker William F. , Mazurek Arek , Hartz Christian
Published: May 2018

Dedicated to Prof. Werner Sobek on the occasion of his 65th birthday

In 1864, James Clerk Maxwell wrote the remarkable paper ”On Reciprocal Figures and Diagrams of Forces.“ Maxwell observed that for a frame (what today would be called a truss or a net) to be in equilibrium, it must be the projection of a plane‐faced polyhedron. It is now known that this observation is correct, provided the bars of the truss or net and the lines of the external applied forces can be represented by a planar graph. We also know that the plane‐faced polyhedron is the Airy stress function.

This information can greatly assist a structural designer in creating, adjusting, and analysing structural nets. These nets can be planar structures or the planar projections of three dimensional nets (including spider webs). Simple visual techniques can be used to evaluate how many independent states of self‐stress exist and how to adjust the design to achieve goals such as targeted geometries, redundancies or forces. Combined with force‐density form finding, this process creates a powerful design tool. This paper will review the theoretical background and applications of the design process.
Efficiency and beauty – steel structures by Werner Sobek
Authors: Bechmann Roland , Hagenmayer Stephen , Winterstetter Thomas
Published: May 2018

Dedicated to Prof. Werner Sobek on the occasion of his 65th birthday

On 16 May 2018, Prof. Werner Sobek turned 65. A few months earlier, the group of companies he founded, with more than 300 employees worldwide, celebrated its 25th anniversary. We would like to use Werner Sobek's birthday as an opportunity to reflect on some of the steel structures inspired by him. Out of the many projects that would have been eligible, the authors have focused on those that seem of primary importance or have not been written about yet.
The search for dematerialized building envelopes – the role of glass and steel
Authors: Blandini Lucio , Grasmug Walter
Published: May 2018

Dedicated to Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Dr.‐Ing. E.h. Dr. h.c. Werner Sobek on the occasion of his 65th birthday
Seismic performance of precast concrete structures with energy dissipating cladding panel connection systems
Authors: Dal Lago Bruno , Biondini Fabio , Toniolo Giandomenico
Published: May 2018

The cladding‐structure interaction of precast concrete frame systems under seismic action has not been properly addressed in the past, as shown by several failures occurred under recent earthquakes in Southern Europe, which point out the need of a revision of the current design practice and technology. Dissipative systems of connections are proposed to this purpose within a general framework for seismic design of precast structures with cladding panels. The proposed connection systems consist of friction‐based or plasticity‐based devices interposed in between adjacent cladding panels or between the panels and the resisting frame to control the level of transferred forces and limit the displacements of the structure. Monotonic and cyclic experimental tests are carried out on both single connection devices and structural sub‐assemblies of two panels. Furthermore, cyclic and pseudo‐dynamic tests on a full‐scale prototype of precast structure with cladding panels are performed. The influence on the structural response of silicone sealant is also investigated through experimental testing. The effectiveness of the tested dissipative connections of the cladding panels in enhancing the seismic performance of precast structures is demonstrated by means of nonlinear dynamic analyses considering the influence of the roof diaphragm action. Design guidelines are finally provided for both single connectors and panel structural assemblies based on equilibrium and capacity design criteria.
Rotor‐reference‐current‐oriented control strategy for low‐voltage ride‐through of DFIG
Authors: Teng Weijun , Meng Yongqing
Published: May 2018

With increasing capacity of wind power in the power system, the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is required to meet the low‐voltage ride‐through (LVRT) capability. In this paper, a rotor‐reference‐current‐oriented control strategy (RRCOCS) of the rotor‐side converter (RSC) is proposed to enhance the LVRT capability of DFIG. According to the magnitude of the rotor current and the DC voltage of converter, RRCOCS aligns the rotor reference current of the control system of the RSC with the stator current or the opposite direction of stator current, resulting in reduction of the transient rotor current and DC voltage of the converter. Thereby, RRCOCS helps in relieving the transient current stress on the RSC and maintaining uninterrupted active and reactive power supply from the wind turbines to the power grid without additional hardware. The effectiveness of RRCOCS is demonstrated through various simulation cases with the DFIG model of MATLAB/Simulink. As we show, compared to the traditional control strategy (TCS), RRCOCS can improve the LVRT capability of DFIG significantly. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A modified Ward equivalent based on sensitivity matrices for static security analysis
Authors: Huang Bin , Li Pai , Zheng J. H. , Wu Q. H.
Published: May 2018

This letter proposes a modified Ward equivalent method (M‐Ward) for the static security analysis of electric network. The M‐Ward develops the external to boundary sensitivity matrices to track the change of the operation condition in the external network. Hence, the M‐Ward can guarantee the accuracy of the equivalent network along with the condition change of the external network. Simulation studies of static security analysis conducted on the IEEE 39‐bus system demonstrate that the results of M‐Ward are more accurate than those of the classic Ward and the extended Ward method. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Learning Vocabulary Through Assisted Repeated Reading: How Much Time Should There Be Between Repetitions of the Same Text?
Authors: Serrano Raquel , Huang Hsiao‐Yun
Published: May 2018

Repeated reading, which involves the reading of short passages several times, has been demonstrated to be beneficial for second language fluency (Chang & Millett, ) and vocabulary acquisition (Liu & Todd, ). Despite the increasing interest in repeated reading, no study has addressed the effects of time distribution—how different encounters with the same text should be spaced for repeated reading to have the strongest impact on second language learning, specifically on vocabulary acquisition, the focus of the present study. This study includes two groups of 16‐year‐old learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) in Taiwan (N = 71). One group carried out assisted repeated reading (i.e., with audio support) once every day for 5 consecutive days (intensive distribution); the other read the same text once every week for 5 consecutive weeks (spaced distribution). The results revealed that intensive practice led to more immediate vocabulary gains but spaced practice led to greater long‐term retention.
Creating a Culture for Evidence‐Based Assessment of Learning
Authors: Grannan Sharisse , Calkins Susanna
Published: May 2018

An annual Learning, Teaching, and Assessment Forum supports peer‐led conversations among faculty about their own evidence‐based assessment initiatives and promotes dialogue about the value of assessment for improving learning and teaching.
Faculty Engagement with Integrative Assignment Design: Connecting Teaching and Assessment
Authors: Green Kimberly , Hutchings Pat
Published: May 2018

Building on an initiative of the National Institute for Learning Outcomes Assessment, Washington State University faculty have worked to develop more effective integrative capstone assignments in ways that support ongoing improvement.
Identity, Values, and Reflection: Shaping (and Being Shaped) through Assessment
Authors: Isabella Marcy , McGovern Heather
Published: May 2018

Outlining one program's history of outcomes‐based assessment, the authors examine the relationships among assessment practices, program identity, and program values. Understanding the ways in which past processes of identifying learning outcomes reflected, and failed to reflect, shared values points us toward a new set of strategies for developing a new set of learning outcomes.
Writing and the Undergraduate Curriculum: Using Assessment Evidence to Create a Model for Institutional Change
Authors: O'Neill Megan , Slater Alicia , Sapp D. Gregory
Published: May 2018

In this article, we describe the process of turning assessment results into substantial curricular revision, report on the mechanisms we used to encourage, measure, and reinforce successes, and outline the vertical and horizontal curriculum map of writing at Stetson University. We conclude with questions we have identified along the way and the developments we see ahead, as this instructional map for a critical skill has opened the door to similar maps for other critical skills.
Support local economic goals with free college initiatives
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: May 2018

ORLANDO — In the service area for Wor‐Wic Community College in Eastern Maryland, economic leaders struggle with job openings that require a college education that aren't being filled. With the goal of developing a workforce to meet community needs, state and local officials worked with Wor‐Wic administrators to launch the Wicomico and Somerset Economic Impact Scholarships.
Ensure admissions, registrar work together for a smooth experience for students
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: May 2018

ORLANDO — You want what's best for your students. That includes smooth processes that don't make them feel like they're getting the runaround. You also want a pleasant and productive workday for yourself and your staff members.
Experience sampling methodology in mental health research: new insights and technical developments
Authors: Myin‐Germeys Inez , Kasanova Zuzana , Vaessen Thomas , Vachon Hugo , Kirtley Olivia , Viechtbauer Wolfgang , Reininghaus Ulrich
Published: May 2018

In the mental health field, there is a growing awareness that the study of psychiatric symptoms in the context of everyday life, using experience sampling methodology (ESM), may provide a powerful and necessary addition to more conventional research approaches. ESM, a structured self‐report diary technique, allows the investigation of experiences within, and in interaction with, the real‐world context. This paper provides an overview of how zooming in on the micro‐level of experience and behaviour using ESM adds new insights and additional perspectives to standard approaches. More specifically, it discusses how ESM: a) contributes to a deeper understanding of psychopathological phenomena, b) allows to capture variability over time, c) aids in identifying internal and situational determinants of variability in symptomatology, and d) enables a thorough investigation of the interaction between the person and his/her environment and of real‐life social interactions. Next to improving assessment of psychopathology and its underlying mechanisms, ESM contributes to advancing and changing clinical practice by allowing a more fine‐grained evaluation of treatment effects as well as by providing the opportunity for extending treatment beyond the clinical setting into real life with the development of ecological momentary interventions. Furthermore, this paper provides an overview of the technical details of setting up an ESM study in terms of design, questionnaire development and statistical approaches. Overall, although a number of considerations and challenges remain, ESM offers one of the best opportunities for personalized medicine in psychiatry, from both a research and a clinical perspective.
Template Synthesis of an Iron(II) Complex with a New Tridentate Macrocyclic Ligand Containing an Additional Pendant Arm
Authors: Alexopoulou Konstantina I. , Schneider Lars , Miska Andreas , Würtele Christian , Schindler Siegfried
Published: May 2018

The reaction of acetone with tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine (tren) in the presence of iron(II) chloride led to formation of a new tridentate macrocyclic imine ligand with a pendant amine arm, 2‐[(E)‐8,10,10‐trimethyl‐1,2,3,4,5,6,9,10‐octahydro‐1,4,7‐triazecin‐4‐yl]‐ethylamine (L). The complex [Fe(L)Cl2] could be structurally characterized. The iron(II) complex reacts with dioxygen, however in a sluggish way and no intermediates could be spectroscopically detected. Efforts to isolate the imine ligand or to reduce it to the corresponding amine so far failed. If iron(II) triflate was used instead of iron(II) chloride in the synthesis only the iron(II)‐tren complex, [Fe(tren)CH3CN](OTf)2, was obtained.
D6R4 curvature corrections, modular graph functions and Poincaré series
Authors: Ahlén Olof , Kleinschmidt Axel
Published: May 2018

Abstract

In this note we study the U-duality invariant coefficient functions of higher curvature corrections to the four-graviton scattering amplitude in type IIB string theory compactified on a torus. The main focus is on theD6R4term that is known to satisfy an inhomogeneous Laplace equation. We exhibit a novel method for solving this equation in terms of a Poincaré series ansatz and recover known results inD= 10 dimensions and find new results inD <10 dimensions. We also apply the method to modular graph functions as they arise from closed superstring one-loop amplitudes.
Integrable subsectors from holography
Authors: de Mello Koch Robert , Kim Minkyoo , Van Zyl Hendrik J. R.
Published: May 2018

Abstract

We consider operators in$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$N=4super Yang-Mills theory dual to closed string states propagating on a class of LLM geometries. The LLM geometries we consider are specified by a boundary condition that is a set of black rings on the LLM plane. When projected to the LLM plane, the closed strings are polygons with all corners lying on the outer edge of a single ring. The largeNlimit of correlators of these operators receives contributions from non-planar diagrams even for the leading largeNdynamics. Our interest in these fluctuations is because a previous weak coupling analysis argues that the net effect of summing the huge set of non-planar diagrams, is a simple rescaling of the ’t Hooft coupling. We carry out some nontrivial checks of this proposal. Using thesu(2|2)2symmetry we determine the two magnonS-matrix and demonstrate that it agrees, up to two loops, with a weak coupling computation performed in the CFT. We also compute the first finite size corrections to both the magnon and the dyonic magnon by constructing solutions to the Nambu-Goto action that carry finite angular momentum. These finite size computations constitute a strong coupling confirmation of the proposal.
Chaos and random matrices in supersymmetric SYK
Authors: Hunter-Jones Nicholas , Liu Junyu
Published: May 2018

Abstract

We use random matrix theory to explore late-time chaos in supersymmetric quantum mechanical systems. Motivated by the recent study of supersymmetric SYK models and their random matrix classification, we consider the Wishart-Laguerre unitary ensemble and compute the spectral form factors and frame potentials to quantify chaos and randomness. Compared to the Gaussian ensembles, we observe the absence of a dip regime in the form factor and a slower approach to Haar-random dynamics. We find agreement between our random matrix analysis and predictions from the supersymmetric SYK model, and discuss the implications for supersymmetric chaotic systems.
Assessing the impacts and outcomes of youth driven mental health promotion: A mixed‐methods assessment of the Social Networking Action for Resilience study
Authors: Jenkins Emily K. , Bungay Vicky , Patterson Andrew , Saewyc Elizabeth M. , Johnson Joy L.
Published: May 2018

Mental health challenges are the leading health issue facing youth globally. To better respond to this health challenge, experts advocate for a population health approach inclusive of mental health promotion; yet this area remains underdeveloped. Further, while there is growing emphasis on youth‐engaged research and intervention design, evidence of the outcomes and impacts are lacking. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to addressing these gaps, presenting findings from the Social Networking Action for Resilience (SONAR) study, an exploration of youth‐driven mental health promotion in a rural community in British Columbia, Canada. Mixed methods including pre‐ and post‐intervention surveys (n = 175) and qualitative interviews (n = 10) captured the outcomes and impacts of the intervention on indicators of mental health, the relationship between level of engagement and benefit, and community perceptions of impact. Findings demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of youth engaged research and intervention at an individual and community‐level.
Fourth World Approaches to International Law (FWAIL) and Asia's Indigenous Struggles and Quests for Recognition under International Law
Authors: FUKURAI Hiroshi
Published: May 2018

The indigenous and Fourth World communities in multiple Asian regions are again making noises. As the incoming ALSA president, I wish to offer a new perspective called the Fourth World Approaches to International Law (FWAIL) to understand the nature of pandemic indigenous people’s struggles for independence in Asia, to examine sociopolitical and historical roots of regional conflicts around many Asian peripheries, and to explore the contour of the social and political path for the recognition of indigenous rights for political sovereignty and independence under international law. Further, FWAIL is offered to give an active voice to indigenous people who have been victimized by predatory policies of the state system and international law, and to build a culture of collective resistance and opposition to hegemonic Western domination in the region. FWAIL also provides the framework to seek self-determination through activism, organizing, and negotiations with the state, in addition to the use of domestic law and international law. Furthermore, FWAIL is offered to give an alternative vision for the preservation of biodiversity and natural environment necessary for the survival of the human race in the coming generations in Asia.
Transmission ofClostridium difficilefrom asymptomatically colonized or infected long-term care facility residents
Authors: Donskey Curtis J. , Sunkesula Venkata C. K. , Stone Nimalie D. , Gould Carolyn V. , McDonald L. Clifford , Samore Matthew , Mayer JeanMarie , Pacheco Susan M. , Jencson Annette L. , Sambol Susan P. , Petrella Laurica A. , Gulvik Christopher A. , Gerding Dale N.
Published: May 2018

Objective

To test the hypothesis that long-term care facility (LTCF) residents withClostridium difficileinfection (CDI) or asymptomatic carriage of toxigenic strains are an important source of transmission in the LTCF and in the hospital during acute-care admissions.

Design

A 6-month cohort study with identification of transmission events was conducted based on tracking of patient movement combined with restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS).

Setting

Veterans Affairs hospital and affiliated LTCF.

Participants

The study included 29 LTCF residents identified as asymptomatic carriers of toxigenicC. difficilebased on every other week perirectal screening and 37 healthcare facility-associated CDI cases (ie, diagnosis >3 days after admission or within 4 weeks of discharge to the community), including 26 hospital-associated and 11 LTCF-associated cases.

Results

Of the 37 CDI cases, 7 (18·9%) were linked to LTCF residents with LTCF-associated CDI or asymptomatic carriage, including 3 of 26 hospital-associated CDI cases (11·5%) and 4 of 11 LTCF-associated cases (36·4%). Of the 7 transmissions linked to LTCF residents, 5 (71·4%) were linked to asymptomatic carriers versus 2 (28·6%) to CDI cases, and all involved transmission of epidemic BI/NAP1/027 strains. No incident hospital-associated CDI cases were linked to other hospital-associated CDI cases.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that LTCF residents with asymptomatic carriage ofC. difficileor CDI contribute to transmission both in the LTCF and in the affiliated hospital during acute-care admissions. Greater emphasis on infection control measures and antimicrobial stewardship in LTCFs is needed, and these efforts should focus on LTCF residents during hospital admissions.
Estimating the benefit of well-managed protected areas for threatened species conservation
Authors: Kearney Stephen G. , Adams Vanessa M. , Fuller Richard A. , Possingham Hugh P. , Watson James E. M.
Published: May 2018

Protected areas are central to global efforts to prevent species extinctions, with many countries investing heavily in their establishment. Yet the designation of protected areas alone can only abate certain threats to biodiversity. Targeted management within protected areas is often required to achieve fully effective conservation within their boundaries. It remains unclear what combination of protected area designation and management is needed to remove the suite of processes that imperil species. Here, using Australia as a case study, we use a dataset on the pressures facing threatened species to determine the role of protected areas and management in conserving imperilled species. We found that protected areas that are not resourced for threat management could remove one or more threats to 1,185 (76%) species and all threats to very few (n = 51, 3%) species. In contrast, a protected area network that is adequately resourced to manage threatening processes within their boundary could remove one or more threats to almost all species (n = 1,551; c. 100%) and all threats to almost half (n = 740, 48%). However, 815 (52%) species face one or more threats that require coordinated conservation actions that protected areas alone could not remove. This research shows that investing in the continued expansion of Australia's protected area network without providing adequate funding for threat management within and beyond the existing protected area network will benefit few threatened species. These findings highlight that as the international community expands the global protected area network in accordance with the 2020 Strategic Plan for Biodiversity, a greater emphasis on the effectiveness of threat management is needed.
Birkenmajer's Copernicus: Historical Context, Original Insights, and Contributions to Current Debates
Authors: Goddu André
Published: May 2018

Argument

Ludwik Antoni Birkenmajer (1855-1929), following along the paths pioneered by Leopold Prowe, Maximilian Curtze, Franz Hipler, and J. L. E. Dreyer, joined them as trailblazers of Copernican scholarship in the nineteenth century. Educated in the classics and mathematics, Birkenmajer began by examining more closely the Cracow background to Copernicus's development and studying his works and annotations in books he owned or read. Birkenmajer contributed many discoveries that eventually became common knowledge, and his studies loomed over Polish research on Copernicus into the 1970s. Focusing on historical context and his original insights, the essay reminds readers of his contributions (sections 1–2), relates them to discussions of Copernicus's precursors (section 3), to the debate about Maragha precedents (section 4), his reading of theUppsala Notebook(sections 2 and 5), and his account of the origin of Copernicus's heliocentrism (section 6). By means of a more critical assessment of his interpretation, the essay revises earlier accounts, rescuing the original insights that mark Birkenmajer's most important contributions to current debates and his efforts to reconstruct Copernicus's path to heliocentrism.
Pharmacologic therapy with flecainide for asymptomatic Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome in an infant with severe left ventricular dyssynchrony
Authors: Suzuki Sayo , Hokosaki Tatsunori , Iwamoto Mari
Published: May 2018

Some asymptomatic patients with Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome have severe left ventricular dyssynchrony and dysfunction. We describe a patient who was given a diagnosis of Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome in infancy and had a complete response to pharmacologic therapy with flecainide. Our findings suggest that flecainide is a suitable resynchronisation therapy for such infants.
Balun bandpass filter on slot-line resonators with intrinsic balanced performance in amplitude and phase
Authors: Feng Lin-Ping , Zhu Lei
Published: May 2018

In this paper, a novel class of balun bandpass filters is presented on slot-line resonator (SLR) toward intrinsic balanced performance in amplitude and phase. The proposed balun filter consists of three inductive-coupled SLRs in the middle, one single-ended unbalanced port, and one balanced port with two terminals. According to the distinct field conversion from the slotline to the microstrip feeding line, good balanced performance in amplitude, and phase performance can be intrinsically realized over a wide frequency range. To validate the proposed technique, a prototype third-order balun filter is designed, fabricated, and measured. Both the simulated and measured results have demonstrated that the proposed balun filter can not only achieve good frequency selectivity but also exhibit intrinsic balanced performance in amplitude and phase.
Die New Statistics in der Psychologie
Authors: Schäfer Thomas
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung. Wie sollten Daten aus psychologischen Studien analysiert und dargestellt werden? Trotz jahrzehntelanger Argumentationen und Empfehlungen zu dieser Frage gibt es in der Praxis noch immer erhebliche Defizite: der Fokus auf Signifikanztests, das Weglassen von Angaben zur Größe von Effekten, der Verzicht auf das Berechnen von Konfidenzintervallen, das Ignorieren der statischen Power von Studien und vereinzelt sogar das Unterschlagen von Streuungsinformationen bei Mittelwerten prägen nach wie vor die Landschaft psychologischer Vorträge und Publikationen. In diesem Artikel wird argumentiert, dass diese Situation eine zu geringe oder schlicht unklare Evidenz psychologischer Forschung bedingt und daher sowohl eine der Ursachen für die aktuelle Replikationskrise ist als auch die psychologische Theorienbildung und effizientes praktisches Handeln auf Grundlage psychologischer Erkenntnisse erschwert. Gleichzeitig wird gezeigt, wie sich mit den New Statistics (Effektgrößen, Konfidenzintervalle, Power und Replikation) die Evidenz vergrößern lässt. Dabei liegt der Fokus weniger auf neuen Analysemethoden, sondern mehr auf einem längst überfälligen Umdenken in Bezug auf die Art und Weise der Datenauswertung und Dateninterpretation. Faustregeln, alternative Arten von Ergebnisabbildungen, Simulationen zur statistischen Power und schließlich eine Checkliste mit Empfehlungen sollen helfen, das Bewusstsein für den wissenschaftlichen und praktischen Gehalt von Daten und Analyseergebnissen zu schärfen und die Planung von Studien und das Berichten von Analyseergebnissen nachhaltig zu verbessern.
Benotung und Autonomieförderung – (k)‍ein Widerspruch in sich!?
Authors: Hofferber Natalia , Basten Melanie , Wilde Matthias
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung. Gemäß der Selbstbestimmungstheorie der Motivation kann die intrinsische Motivation von Schülerinnen und Schülern durch autonomieförderliches Lehrerverhalten begünstigt werden. Autonomieförderliches Verhalten ist unter anderem durch den Verzicht auf externe Anreizbedingungen gekennzeichnet. Eine Umsetzung derartigen Lehrerverhaltens erweist sich im Regelunterricht als schwierig. Noten stellen einen festen Bestandteil des deutschen Schulsystems dar und werden oft als externe Anreizbedingungen bezeichnet. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, zu untersuchen, ob sich Benotung in einem autonomieförderlichen Lernsetting destruktiv auf die intrinsische Motivation der Schülerinnen und Schüler auswirkt. Dazu wurden drei unterschiedliche Treatments konzipiert: autonomieförderliches Lehrerverhalten in einer unbenoteten Lernumgebung (A), autonomieförderliches Lehrerverhalten in einer benoteten Lernumgebung (A+B) sowie kontrollierendes Lehrerverhalten in einer benoteten Lernumgebung (K+B). An der Untersuchung nahmen insgesamt 483 Schülerinnen und Schüler der sechsten Jahrgangsstufe (MAlter = 11.28 Jahre, SDAlter = 0.57 Jahre) teil, die jeweils in einer kurzen Sequenz von drei Stunden unterrichtet wurden. Die Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass Benotung bei autonomieförderlichem Lehrerverhalten praktisch keine demotivierende Wirkung hat.
Freundschaften im Klassenzimmer und deren Bedeutung für einen adaptiven individuellen Umgang mit Fehlern
Authors: Tulis Maria , Reindl Marion , Dresel Markus
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung. Erfolgreiches Lernen aus Fehlern setzt einen adaptiven Umgang mit Fehlern voraus: Als affektiv-motivational adaptiv wird die Aufrechterhaltung der Motivation sowie günstiger Lernemotionen angesehen, während sich handlungsadaptive Fehlerreaktionen auf geeignete Lernhandlungen und -strategien zur tieferen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Fehler und dessen Korrektur beziehen. Neben individuellen Merkmalen des Lernenden wird ein solch adaptiver Umgang mit Fehlern maßgeblich vom sozialen Kontext mitbestimmt. Obwohl Klassenkamerad_innen einen wesentlichen Bestandteil des sozialen Lernkontextes von Jugendlichen ausmachen, wurde in Forschungsarbeiten zum Fehlerklima bisher vorrangig das Lehrkraftverhalten (im Umgang mit Mitschülerreaktionen) in den Blick genommen. Demgegenüber stehen empirische und entwicklungspsychologische Evidenzen, dass Peerbeziehungen insbesondere im Jugendalter eine zentrale Stellung – auch für die Übernahme schulischer Überzeugungen und Verhaltensweisen – einnehmen. Basierend auf einer Stichprobe von 270 Schüler_innen der 5. – 7. Jahrgangsstufe wurde untersucht, inwiefern dyadische reziproke Freundschaften innerhalb der Klasse im Zusammenhang mit dem Umgang mit Fehlern und somit auch indirekt mit der Leistung von Schüler_innen stehen. Dazu wurde von jeder_m Jugendlichen die beste Freundin bzw. der beste Freund innerhalb der Klasse nominiert und alle Schüler_innen mittels eines standardisierten Fragebogens zu deren individuellem Umgang mit Fehlern in Mathematik und Englisch befragt. Als Leistungsmaß wurde die Schulaufgabennote in beiden Unterrichtsfächern herangezogen. Ergebnisse von Strukturgleichungsmodellen ergaben positive Zusammenhänge zwischen dem adaptiven Fehlerumgang befreundeter Jugendlicher, sowie indirekte Effekte auf die Leistung. Die Ergebnisse zeigten sich in beiden Unterrichtsfächern und ergänzen bisherige Erkenntnisse zu den sozialen Faktoren, die das schulische Lernverhalten beeinflussen.
Perceptions of Adjunctive Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy to Prevent Suicidal Behavior Among High Suicide-Risk Outpatient Participants
Authors: Chesin Megan S. , Brodsky Beth S. , Beeler Brandon , Benjamin-Phillips Christopher A. , Taghavi Ida , Stanley Barbara
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Background: Few investigations of patient perceptions of suicide prevention interventions exist, limiting our understanding of the processes and components of treatment that may be engaging and effective for high suicide-risk patients. Aims: Building on promising quantitative data that showed that adjunct mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to prevent suicidal behavior (MBCT-S) reduced suicidal thinking and depression among high suicide-risk patients, we subjected MBCT-S to qualitative inspection by patient participants. Method: Data were provided by 15 patients who completed MBCT-S during a focus group and/or via a survey. Qualitative data were coded using thematic analysis. Themes were summarized using descriptive analysis. Results: Most patients viewed the intervention as acceptable and feasible. Patients attributed MBCT-S treatment engagement and clinical improvement to improved emotion regulation. A minority of patients indicated that factors related to the group treatment modality were helpful. A small percentage of patients found that aspects of the treatment increased emotional distress and triggered suicidal thinking. These experiences, however, were described as fleeting and were not linked to suicidal behavior. Limitations: The sample size was small. Conclusion: Information gathered from this study may assist in refining MBCT-S and treatments to prevent suicidal behavior among high suicide-risk patients generally.
Youth Suicide Attempt Nomenclature Used in Two Central Texas Hospitals
Authors: Barczyk Amanda N. , Piper Karen , Duzinski Sarah V. , Klingensmith Mary , Lawson Karla A.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Background: Surveillance systems capturing instances of self-directed violence (SDV) continue to lack uniform nomenclature and classification methodology. Aims: To apply and compare two retrospective surveillance approaches to youth experiencing SDV presenting to two urban hospitals with Level I Trauma Centers. Method: Two suicide attempt surveillance methods where retrospectively applied to our SDV cohort: (a) a rigorous method facilitated by medical record review and application of standardized classification; and (b) a common surveillance method conducted by systematic queries of suicide attempt key terms and diagnosis codes among hospital databases. Results: Rigorous surveillance identified 249 patients attempting suicide. The common method's querying suicide attempt in the chief complaint field had a high positive predictive value and specificity; however, sensitivity was low. Limitations: Authors were unable to determine whether all SDV encounters during the study timeframe were identified for initial screening owing to the hospital's lack of a uniform nomenclature or classification system. Conclusion: Results showed underreporting of suicide attempt cases, inadequate sensitivity and specificity in common surveillance methods, and skewed demographic representation compared with the rigorous surveillance method. This study elucidates the negative impact of inconsistent SDV nomenclature including impeding effective patient identification, treatment, surveillance, and generalizable research.
Social Representations and Commitment
Authors: Bonetto Eric , Girandola Fabien , Lo Monaco Grégory
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This contribution consists of a critical review of the literature about the articulation of two traditionally separated theoretical fields: social representations and commitment. Besides consulting various works and communications, a bibliographic search was carried out (between February and December, 2016) on various databases using the keywords “commitment” and “social representation,” in the singular and in the plural, in French and in English. Articles published in English or in French, that explicitly made reference to both terms, were included. The relations between commitment and social representations are approached according to two approaches or complementary lines. The first line follows the role of commitment in the representational dynamics: how can commitment transform the representations? This articulation gathers most of the work on the topic. The second line envisages the social representations as determinants of commitment procedures: how can these representations influence the effects of commitment procedures? This literature review will identify unexploited tracks, as well as research perspectives for both areas of research.
Mysterious Aurora Borealis Feature Explained for the First Time
Authors: Underwood Emily
Published: May 2018

High-speed particles cause indentations in the magnetopause to form “throat auroras.”
Planetary Period Oscillations in Saturn's Magnetosphere: Cassini Magnetic Field Observations Over the Northern Summer Solstice Interval
Authors: Provan G. , Cowley S. W. H. , Bradley T. J. , Bunce E. J. , Hunt G. J. , Dougherty M. K.
Published: May 2018

We determine properties of Saturn's planetary period oscillations from Cassini magnetic measurements over the ~2‐year interval from September 2015 to end of mission in September 2017, spanning Saturn northern summer solstice in May 2017. Phases of the northern system oscillations are derived over the whole interval, while those of the southern system are not discerned in initial equatorial data due to too low amplitude relative to the northern, but are determined once southern polar data become available from inclined orbits beginning May 2016. Planetary period oscillation periods are shown to be almost constant over these intervals at ~10.79 hr for the northern system and ~10.68 hr for the southern, essentially unchanged from values previously determined after the periods reversed in 2014. High cadence phase and amplitude data obtained from the short‐period Cassini orbits during the mission's last 10 months newly reveal the presence of dual modulated oscillations varying at the beat period of the two systems (~42 days) on nightside polar field lines in the vicinity (likely either side) of the open‐closed field boundary. The modulations differ from those observed previously in the equatorial region, indicative of a reversal in sign of the radial component oscillations, but not of the colatitudinal component oscillations. Brief discussion is given of a possible theoretical scenario. While weak equatorial beat modulations indicate a north/south amplitude ratio >5 early in the study interval, polar and equatorial region modulations suggest a ratio ~1.4 during the later interval, indicating a significant recovery of the southern system.
Dual color optogenetic control of neural populations using low-noise, multishank optoelectrodes
Authors: Kampasi Komal , English Daniel F. , Seymour John , Stark Eran , McKenzie Sam , Vöröslakos Mihály , Buzsáki György , Wise Kensall D. , Yoon Euisik
Published: May 2018

Optogenetics allows for optical manipulation of neuronal activity and has been increasingly combined with intracellular and extracellular electrophysiological recordings. Genetically-identified classes of neurons are optically manipulated, though the versatility of optogenetics would be increased if independent control of distinct neural populations could be achieved on a sufficient spatial and temporal resolution. We report a scalable multisite optoelectrode design that allows simultaneous optogenetic control of two spatially intermingled neuronal populations in vivo. We describe the design, fabrication, and assembly of low-noise, multisite/multicolor optoelectrodes. Each shank of the four-shank assembly is monolithically integrated with 8 recording sites and a dual-color waveguide mixer with a 7 × 30 μm cross-section, coupled to 405 nm and 635 nm injection laser diodes (ILDs) via gradient-index (GRIN) lenses to meet optical and thermal design requirements. To better understand noise on the recording channels generated during diode-based activation, we developed a lumped-circuit modeling approach for EMI coupling mechanisms and used it to limit artifacts to amplitudes under 100 μV upto an optical output power of 450 μW. We implanted the packaged devices into the CA1 pyramidal layer of awake mice, expressing Channelrhodopsin-2 in pyramidal cells and ChrimsonR in paravalbumin-expressing interneurons, and achieved optical excitation of each cell type using sub-mW illumination. We highlight the potential use of this technology for functional dissection of neural circuits.
Polysulfurating reagent design for unsymmetrical polysulfide construction
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Xue Jiahui , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: May 2018

From life science to material science, to pharmaceutical industry, and to food chemistry, polysulfides are vital structural scaffolds. However, there are limited synthetic methods for unsymmetrical polysulfides. Conventional strategies entail two pre-sulfurated cross-coupling substrates, R–S, with higher chances of side reactions due to the characteristic of sulfur. Herein, a library of broad-spectrum polysulfurating reagents, R–S–S–OMe, are designed and scalably synthesized, to which the R–S–S source can be directly introduced for late-stage modifications of biomolecules, natural products, and pharmaceuticals. Based on the hard and soft acids and bases principle, selective activation of sulfur-oxygen bond has been accomplished via utilizing proton and boride for efficient unsymmetrical polysulfuration. These polysulfurating reagents are highlighted with their outstanding multifunctional gram-scale transformations with various nucleophiles under mild conditions. A diversity of polysulfurated biomolecules, such as SS−(+)-δ-tocopherol, SS-sulfanilamide, SS-saccharides, SS-amino acids, and SSS-oligopeptides have been established for drug discovery and development.
Estimating geological CO2 storage security to deliver on climate mitigation
Authors: Alcalde Juan , Flude Stephanie , Wilkinson Mark , Johnson Gareth , Edlmann Katriona , Bond Clare E. , Scott Vivian , Gilfillan Stuart M. V. , Ogaya Xènia , Haszeldine R. Stuart
Published: May 2018

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) can help nations meet their Paris CO2 reduction commitments cost-effectively. However, lack of confidence in geologic CO2 storage security remains a barrier to CCS implementation. Here we present a numerical program that calculates CO2 storage security and leakage to the atmosphere over 10,000 years. This combines quantitative estimates of geological subsurface CO2 retention, and of surface CO2 leakage. We calculate that realistically well-regulated storage in regions with moderate well densities has a 50% probability that leakage remains below 0.0008% per year, with over 98% of the injected CO2 retained in the subsurface over 10,000 years. An unrealistic scenario, where CO2 storage is inadequately regulated, estimates that more than 78% will be retained over 10,000 years. Our modelling results suggest that geological storage of CO2 can be a secure climate change mitigation option, but we note that long-term behaviour of CO2 in the subsurface remains a key uncertainty.
In vivo production of RNA nanostructures via programmed folding of single-stranded RNAs
Authors: Li Mo , Zheng Mengxi , Wu Siyu , Tian Cheng , Liu Di , Weizmann Yossi , Jiang Wen , Wang Guansong , Mao Chengde
Published: May 2018

Programmed self-assembly of nucleic acids is a powerful approach for nano-constructions. The assembled nanostructures have been explored for various applications. However, nucleic acid assembly often requires chemical or in vitro enzymatical synthesis of DNA or RNA, which is not a cost-effective production method on a large scale. In addition, the difficulty of cellular delivery limits the in vivo applications. Herein we report a strategy that mimics protein production. Gene-encoded DNA duplexes are transcribed into single-stranded RNAs, which self-fold into well-defined RNA nanostructures in the same way as polypeptide chains fold into proteins. The resulting nanostructure contains only one component RNA molecule. This approach allows both in vitro and in vivo production of RNA nanostructures. In vivo synthesized RNA strands can fold into designed nanostructures inside cells. This work not only suggests a way to synthesize RNA nanostructures on a large scale and at a low cost but also facilitates the in vivo applications.