bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Impact of the Continuous Use of Organic Manures on Crop and Soil Productivity under Maize–Potato–Onion Cropping Systems
Authors: Walia Sohan Singh , Kaur Tamanpreet , Gupta Rajeev Kumar , Siddiqui Manzer H. , Rahman Md Atikur
Published: May 2023

The scarcity of fertilizers and their rising costs are significant barriers to crop production, as the current agricultural situation in India has shown. In maize–potato–onion cropping systems, the impact of various organic treatments on crop yields and soil parameters has shown that organic treatments increased maize, potato and onion yields compared to chemical treatment (recommended dose of fertilizers) alone. Treatments with applications of different organic sources, each equivalent to 1/3 of the recommended N, along with intercropping of soybeans in maize, radishes in potatoes and coriander in onions, gave the highest yield of maize crops, and significant positive yield trends were observed in four treatments (T1, T2, T4 and T6). Interestingly, all treatments showed a positive effect on potato and onion yields, clearly summarizing potatoes and onions as being more stable crops than maize. Further, the best soil characteristics, viz., bulk density and soil resistance under organic treatment, were lower than those found in integrated and chemical treatments. In contrast, the soil’s water-holding capacity, stable aggregate and infiltration rate followed a reverse trend. The treatment (T3), in which soybeans were grown as an inter-row crop in maize, radishes in potatoes and coriander in onions, showed the highest energy-use efficiency, energy output efficiency and energy productivity.
Alien Macroalgal Rearrangement in the Soft Substrata of the Venice Lagoon (Italy): Impacts, Threats, Time and Future Trends
Authors: Sfriso Adriano , Wolf Marion Adelheid , Buosi Alessandro , Sciuto Katia , Sfriso Andrea Augusto
Published: May 2023

Non-native species are a concern for aquatic environments both for the ecosystem biodiversity and from the economical point of view. The Venice Lagoon is a Mediterranean hotspot of alien introductions and macroalgae are probably the most represented systematic category. For this reason, alien macroalgal distribution and variation were monitored in late spring-autumn surveys, carried out in 2011, 2014, 2018 and 2021 in the soft bottoms of the entire lagoon (87 common stations). Overall, 21 taxa were recorded; three of them (i.e., Acanthosiphonia echinata, Caulacanthus okamurae, Osmundea oederi) are well-established recent introductions for the lagoon, which has increased the total number of non-native species to 33. Ulva australis, previously reported as Ulva laetevirens, is the most abundant species and it is replacing Ulva rigida, especially in the less eutrophic areas. The invasive Gracilariopsis vermiculophylla, an engineering species colonizing the eutrophic choked areas especially in the central lagoon, is instead decreasing. Other abundant established taxa are now dominant components of the lagoon biomass, whereas many others are rare or have small sizes that make their biomass negligible. Overall, these species do not represent serious threats to the environment, but they rather increase biodiversity, with some of them having positive effects on ecosystem services.
How Does Environmental Regulation Affect the Development of China’s Pig Industry
Authors: Zhang Lingling , Wang Yufeng , Dunya Rahman
Published: May 2023

(1) Background: The pig production sector is a cornerstone in China’s agricultural industry and it urgently needs a transition from a conventional sector to one that is efficient, sustainable, and of high quality. (2) Methods: This study examines the effects of environmental regulation (ER) on the development of the pig industry (DPI) between 2005 and 2019. From the perspective of the breeding, production, and consumption industry chain, a comprehensive evaluation index system is used to assess the progress of the pig industry. Furthermore, the effects of ER on the DPI and its mechanism were evaluated using the FGLS and system-GMM. (3) Results: According to the empirical findings, ER exhibits a U-shaped non-linear effect on DPI in both high- and low-pig-production zones. Technological innovation and large-scale farming would lessen the detrimental effects of ER on DPI. Additionally, according to the outcomes of the implementation of local environmental protection policies, LER and DPI have an inverted U-shaped relationship in major producing areas and a U-shaped relationship in non-major producing areas. (4) Conclusions: This essay offers several solutions and advice, including strengthening environmental regulation legislation and encouraging breeding industry advancements.
How Do Companies Communicate Sustainability? A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Borges Eduardo , Campos Susana , Teixeira Mário Sérgio , Lucas Maria Raquel , Ferreira-Oliveira Ana Teresa , Rodrigues Ana Sofia , Vaz-Velho Manuela
Published: May 2023

Sustainability is a topic that is increasingly discussed in society and organizations, leading many companies to adopt communication strategies focused on this theme. The objective of this article was to identify in the literature the ways, means, or tools that companies use to communicate sustainability. This article was based on a systematic review of the literature on the topic, resulting in a final sample of 18 articles from 14 different journals. Seven potential topics were identified in the systematic review: (i) communication strategies, (ii) the relationship between communication and consumer behavior, (iii) communication and health benefits, (iv) sustainability and corporate social responsibility (CSR), (v) sustainable business models, (vi) sustainability and process optimization, and (vii) sustainability and environmental impact. The results obtained allowed us to conclude that the strategies that companies can use to communicate sustainability are as follows: use new technologies (internet, social networks, websites, etc.), make value propositions based on consumer behaviors, disseminate clear and consistent information, and ensure broader work teams, among others. These results contribute to the advancement of scientific literature and to the definition and implementation of more efficient and effective public policies that facilitate communication between companies and consumers. Finally, this paper offers practical suggestions to formulate sustainable communication strategies.
A Machine Learning-Based Decision Support System for Predicting and Repairing Cracks in Undisturbed Loess Using Microbial Mineralization and the Internet of Things
Authors: Yue Yangyang , Lv Yiqing
Published: May 2023

Recent years have seen a significant increase in interest across several sectors in the application of learning techniques to extract ground object information, such as soil cracks, from remote sensing high-resolution images. Out of the many technologies, the microbial-induced carbonate deposition (MICP) technology is used to inject bacteria and cementation liquid containing specific bacteria into the cracks of soil to be repaired. Calcium carbonate types of cement are produced by bacterial metabolism so that cracks in the soil could be repaired for disaster management. However, detection of cracks and taking appropriate decisions for repairing are the most fundamental issues that researchers’ attention. Machine learning algorithms can be trained to detect and predict cracks in undisturbed loess using various data sources, such as images captured using the internet of things (IoT), devices, drones, and/or ground-based sensors. These algorithms can be designed to identify different types of cracks based on their shapes, sizes, and orientations, and can be trained on large datasets of labelled crack images to improve their accuracy over time. In this paper, we propose a decision support system (DSS) that detects and predicts cracks and recommends a suitable crack repair methodology. Our results show that our system is highly accurate. Our system provides real-time recommendations to engineers working on crack repair projects in undisturbed loess, guiding them on where and how to apply microbial mineralization treatments based on the predicted crack locations and treatment effectiveness. We noted that the accuracy of the crack detection and prediction can be increased significantly (up to 9.57%) when the proposed DSS approach is considered. Moreover, if PSO is implemented as the optimization model, then we can see that the accuracy can be significantly improved by as much as 21.67% to no DSS approach and 11.32% to the DSS approach.
Hybrid Muddy Soil Fish Optimization-Based Energy Aware Routing in IoT-Assisted Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Rizwanullah Mohammed , Alsolai Hadeel , K. Nour Mohamed , Aziz Amira Sayed A. , Eldesouki Mohamed I. , Abdelmageed Amgad Atta
Published: May 2023

The seamless operation of interconnected smart devices in wireless sensor networks (WSN) and the Internet of Things (IoT) needs continuously accessible end-to-end routes. However, the sensor node (SN) relies on a limited power source and tends to cause disconnection in multi-hop routes because of a power shortage in the WSN, eventually leading to the inefficiency of the total IoT network. Furthermore, the density of available SNs affects the existence of feasible routes and the level of path multiplicity in the WSN. Thus, an effective routing model is predictable to extend the lifetime of WSN by adaptively choosing the better route for the data transfers between interconnected IoT devices. This study develops a Hybrid Muddy Soil Fish Optimization-based Energy Aware Routing Scheme (HMSFO-EARS) for IoT-assisted WSN. The presented HMSFO-EARS technique majorly focuses on the identification of optimal routes for data transmission in the IoT-assisted WSN. To accomplish this, the presented HMSFO-EARS technique involves the integration of the MSFO algorithm with the Adaptive β-Hill Climbing (ABHC) concept. Moreover, the presented HMSFO-EARS technique derives a fitness function for maximizing the lifespan and minimizing energy consumption. To demonstrate the enhanced performance of the HMSFO-EARS technique, a series of experiments was performed. The simulation results indicate the better performance of the HMSFO-EARS algorithm over other recent approaches with reduced energy consumption, less delay, high throughput, and extended network lifetime.
Effect of Long-Term Tillage Practices on Runoff and Soil Erosion in Sloping Croplands of Himalaya, India
Authors: Singh Deepak , Mishra Alok Kumar , Patra Sridhar , Dwivedi Anuj Kumar , Ojha Chandra Shekhar Prasad , Singh Vijay P. , Mariappan Sankar , Babu Subhash , Singh Nisha , Yadav Devideen , Ojasvi Prabhat Ranjan , Kumar Gopal , Madhu Made Gowda , Sena Dipak Ranjan , Chand Lekh , Kumar Suresh
Published: May 2023

Slopy agricultural lands are more susceptible to soil erosion and hence are priority sites for the application of protective soil management practices. A conservation agriculture field experiment was established at a 6% field slope in 2011 at the ICAR-IISWC Research Farm, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, which is situated in the Northwestern Himalayan Region, India. The objective of this study was to experimentally determine the long-term effects of tillage practices on runoff and soil erosion. The tillage practices opted for were conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and zero tillage (ZT). Event-based runoff and soil loss were monitored during three monsoon seasons (June to September) from 2018 to 2020. Results showed lower runoff and soil loss in the ZT plot than in CT and MT plots. CT produced 1.51 and 2.53 times higher runoff than MT and ZT, respectively. Moreover, this increased runoff generated 1.84 and 5.10 times higher soil erosion in CT than in MT and ZT, respectively. The extreme rainfall events being less than 10% generated 54.93%, 57.35%, and 63.43% of the total runoff volume which resulted in 82.08%, 85.49%, and 91.00% of the total soil loss in CT, MT, and ZT plots, respectively. For the same amount of rainfall, the reduction in soil loss was 39% and 68% in the CT and ZT plots, respectively, at the highest growth stage in comparison to the initial crop growth stage. The values of runoff reduction benefit (RRB) and sediment reduction benefit (SRB) showed a reduction in runoff (63.53%) and soil loss (80.39%) in the CT. Results concluded that conservation tillage reduced runoff and soil loss significantly even in extreme rainfall events.
Determination of Planting Pattern and Screening of Agricultural Machineries for Maize-Peanut Strip Intercropping: A Case Study in Henan Province of China
Authors: Yang Hongguang , Sun Wei , Wu Feng , Xu Hongbo , Gu Fengwei , Hu Zhichao
Published: May 2023

Maize-peanut strip intercropping is an important method to solve the contradiction between grain and oil land competition, and achieve stable grain and oil production. However, there are no research reports on the selection and matching of agricultural machinery for such planting patterns at home and abroad. Therefore, this article takes the Henan Province of China as an example to carry out a study. The main content of this study is to determine the pattern of maize-peanut strip intercropping and screen the agricultural machinery from the perspective of deep integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy. A new strip intercropping pattern consisting of four rows of maize and two ridges (four rows) of peanut was determined. A series of operating machineries suitable for this planting pattern were selected for the needs of mechanized sowing, field spraying, and harvesting. Field experiments were conducted to further verify the applicability and reliability of the determined planting pattern and operating machinery. The yield of 4-4 strip intercropping is slightly lower than that of monocropping maize, but the yield of peanut per mu can be increased by 105.2 kg. Moreover, the yield per mu of 4-4 strip intercropping is about 40% of that of monocropping peanut. This study can effectively compensate for the lack of research on the screening of agricultural machinery for maize-peanut strip intercropping at home and abroad. It also can provide beneficial exploration for the full mechanized production of maize and peanut under this planting pattern, and provide reference for the mechanized production of other crops strip intercropping.
Exploring CBD Retail Performance, Recovery and Resilience of a Smart City Following COVID-19
Authors: Fieger Peter , Prayag Girish , Dyason David , Rice John , Hall C. Michael
Published: May 2023

The city of Christchurch, New Zealand, incurred significant damage due to a series of earthquakes in 2010 and 2011. The city had, by the late 2010s, regained economic and social normalcy after a sustained period of rebuilding and economic recovery. Through the concerted rebuilding effort, a modern central business district (CBD) with redesigned infrastructure and amenities was developed. The Christchurch rebuild was underpinned by a commitment of urban planners to an open and connected city, including the use of innovative technologies to gather, use and share data. As was the case elsewhere, the COVID-19 pandemic brought about significant disruptions to social and economic life in Christchurch. Border closures, lockdowns, trading limitations and other restrictions on movement led to changes in traditional consumer behaviors and affected the retail sector’s resilience. In this study, we used CBD pedestrian traffic data gathered from various locations to predict changes in retail spending and identify recovery implications through the lens of retail resilience. We found that the COVID-19 pandemic and its related lockdowns have driven a substantive change in the behavioral patterns of city users. The implications for resilient retail, sustainable policy and further research are explored.
Improving the Performance of a SME in the Cutlery Sector Using Lean Thinking and Digital Transformation
Authors: Dinis-Carvalho José , Sousa Rui M. , Moniz Inês , Macedo Helena , Lima Rui M.
Published: May 2023

The main purpose of this paper is to show that if three specific contextual factors are present in a company, it is possible to achieve great performance improvements with a lean and industry 4.0 implementation. In terms of research methods, a case study was carried out of a project to implement digitalization and Lean practices in a cutlery company, which in fact encompassed a project of master’s degree in engineering and industrial management. Thus, the research question is: “It is possible to achieve major improvements in a lean and industry 4.0 implementation if three specific contextual factors are present in the company, namely (i) commitment of top management, (ii) knowledge on digitalization and lean, and (iii) very low Value-Added Ratio?”. Regarding the company project, action-research was adopted, and the project team began by mapping and diagnosing the production processes of the two product families (knives and spoons/forks). High levels of work in process, long throughput times, poor flow planning and control, and high stocks of finished products, quickly stood out in both families. Improvement proposals were developed and implemented, namely: (i) creation of a production scheduling and control system, (ii) improvement of the warehouse stock management system, and (iii) adoption of new routines, management tools, visual management, and kaizen meetings. The results achieved were excellent (e.g., throughput time reduced by 27.6% and productivity increased by 36.5%) and aligned with Sustainable Development Goals SDG 9 and 12. The findings of this study corroborate that exceptional results in the company performance can be achieved through a lean and industry 4.0 intervention, if the three referred contextual factors occur.
Profitability or Longevity? Cross-Country Variations in Corporate Performance
Authors: Arai Ryoichi , Hirota Shinichi
Published: May 2023

The previous literature shows that firms’ purposes and behaviors vary across countries, but few studies have empirically examined whether firm performance varies across countries. This study compares the performance of the world’s largest corporations across 47 countries. Using the data for firms listed in the Fortune Global 500 from 1973 to 2020, we explore whether there are cross-country variations in two dimensions of corporate performance: profitability and longevity. We find significant variations in both profitability and longevity across countries. We also observe that firms in some countries are highly (less) profitable but less (more) likely to survive for a long time. We regress profitability and longevity on country-level institutional factors: financial systems, laws, and national cultures. We find that (i) a market-based (bank-based) financial system is positively (negatively) related to a firm’s profitability, but negatively (positively) related to its longevity; (ii) common law (civil law) is positively (negatively) related to the profitability of a firm, but negatively (positively) related to its longevity; and (iii) high individualism, low uncertainty avoidance, and low long-term orientation are positively related to profitability, but negatively related to longevity. These results suggest that a country’s formal and informal institutions significantly affect a firm’s purpose, behavior, and performance.
A Framework and IoT-Based Accident Detection System to Securely Report an Accident and the Driver’s Private Information
Authors: Alkhaiwani Amal Hussain , Alsamani Badr Soliman
Published: May 2023

Road traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia have become a serious issue because many of these accidents lead to deaths, injuries, and financial losses. Human lives are often lost in road accidents due to the delay in accident detection by medical assistance. In fact, the accident’s location and the driver’s personal information are considered critical information that plays a vital role in preserving human life. Additionally, previous studies have found a limitation in the encryption of sensitive data; in fact, a leak of private information is thought to be one of the challenges that restrict the use of IoT devices. To resolve this problem, this research presents an intelligent security framework, and an Internet-of-Things-based system is proposed for immediate accident detection. Thus, this system requires the highest level of security and privacy to maintain the driver’s privacy. Moreover, the design science research methodology was followed to design and evaluate the artifacts. Thus, the study’s research resulted in the ability to design a secure and effective IoT-based system to detect and report a car accident instantly. In addition, the message is encrypted using Elliptic Curve Integrated Encryption and sent through Message Queuing Telemetry Transport over GSM. The study’s overall results show the flexibility with which the proposed artifact can be used for other purposes related to the IoT security framework to send and encrypt critical information.
The Impact of China’s National Sustainable Development Experimental Zone Policy on Energy Transition
Authors: Du Chuanjia , Wang Chengjun , Feng Tao
Published: May 2023

Energy transition plays a crucial role in supporting sustainable economic growth and the reduction in carbon emissions. In fact, China implemented the national sustainable development experimental zone policy to achieve sustainable development goals, including an energy transition. This paper divided the energy transition dimension into energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions based on the perspectives of energy input and output. Furthermore, using panel data for 214 cities at the prefecture level in China from 2006 to 2019, the study measured the impact of the national sustainable development experimental zone policy on energy transitions by employing a difference-in-difference (DID) model and an intermediary effect model. The results showed that the national sustainable development experimental zone policy reduced energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions and accelerated energy transition. The conclusions still held after a series of robustness tests. Additionally, the results of the heterogeneity analysis of different experimental zone types indicated that, compared with prefecture-level experimental zones, county experimental zones play a more obvious role in reducing energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. In addition, the results of the heterogeneity analysis of the urban geographical location showed that the national sustainable development experimental zone policy had different negative effects on urban energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in different regions, and the impact of policy on energy transition was experienced, in decreasing order, by the western, central, and eastern regions. The results of the mechanism verification indicated that the national sustainable development experimental zone policy can affect energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions via technological progress and upgrading industrial structure, which had a relatively high aggregation order in the variables deployed.
Assessment of the Feasibility of Implementing a Flash Flood Early Warning System in a Small Catchment Area
Authors: Starzec Mariusz , Kordana-Obuch Sabina , Słyś Daniel
Published: May 2023

The occurrence of flash floods is an increasingly common phenomenon. In many parts of the world, it is associated with an increase in the intensity of rainfall. Reducing the financial and social losses caused by the occurrence of local urban floods is possible through the use of hydrodynamic modeling and real-time flood forecasting. The purpose of this study is to assess the ability of the modeling technique to simulate the flow in a small catchment area and to determine the time remaining to reach the set warning and danger levels. SWMM 5.2 and QuantumGIS software were used in the study. The analysis showed that for the considered catchment area with a short length of the main stream (1612 m), the time possible for implementing countermeasures and evacuating the population is 70 to 120 min. The study also confirmed that short-term rainfall requires less depth to reach high stormwater elevations than long-term rainfall. In addition, a relationship was noted between the preceding rainfall and the height of stormwater and the forecast time. There was an unfavorable reduction in forecasting time as the depth of rainfall increased and its duration shortened. In the case of the analyzed catchment, the maximum elevation of stormwater (Esw,max) is generated by rainfall that is characterized by the highest intensity in the final phase of their duration. Similarly, the longest forecast time (tf) for the maximum stormwater elevation is caused by rainfall, which is characterized by the highest intensity in its final phase. The results of the study can significantly assist local governments when developing a catchment management plan and when trying to implement practices to minimize the negative effects of flash floods.
Effects of Planting Density of Poaceae Species on Slope Community Characteristics and Artificial Soil Nutrients in High-Altitude Areas
Authors: Sun Dayuan , Li Junzhuo , Gong Yuanbo
Published: May 2023

Ecological restoration of slopes in high-altitude areas is usually difficult. Gramineae species are widely used in slope vegetation restoration due to their strong adaptability and rapid growth. In the process of ecological slope protection, increasing the seeding rate of gramineous species usually improves the success rate of slope vegetation restoration, but the long-term effect is not obvious. Therefore, choosing an appropriate planting density of grass species is beneficial to the sustainable restoration of slopes in high-altitude areas. This study evaluated the effects of different planting densities of Poaceae species on community characteristics and artificial soil nutrients on high-altitude slopes. The slope ecological protection engineering experiment was carried out in Jiuzhaigou County, Sichuan Province. Commercial seed mixtures of five grasses and legumes were sown at three different planting densities of Poaceae species (10, 5, and 1 g/m2). Plant community species composition, community diversity index, and soil-available nutrients were determined annually. The results showed that there were differences in the species composition of the slope plant community under different planting densities. There was a significant negative logarithmic correlation between the community diversity indices and the planting density of grass species, and it changed with the recovery time. There were significant differences in hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in artificial soil, and they decreased with a logarithmic function of the recovery time. There was a positive correlation between the community diversity indices and the soil nutrient content. Overall, our study shows that low planting densities of Poaceae species are beneficial to the long-term stability of ecological restoration when ecological slope protection works are performed on slopes in high-altitude areas.
Comparative Performance Analysis of a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Plant in Central Greece after Several Years of Operation Using Neural Networks
Authors: Roumpakias Elias , Stamatelos Tassos
Published: May 2023

The increasing installed volume of grid-connected PV systems in modern electricity networks induces variability and uncertainty factors which must be addressed from several different viewpoints, including systems’ protection and management. This study aims to estimate the actual performance and degradation of photovoltaic (PV) parks in Central Greece after several years of operation. Monitoring data over several years are analyzed and filtered, the performance ratio and normalized efficiency are computed, and five different ANNs are employed: (i) a feed-forward network (one hidden layer); (ii) a deep feed-forward network (two hidden layers); (iii) a recurrent neural network; (iv) a cascade-forward network; and (v) a nonlinear autoregressive network. The following inputs are employed: in-plane irradiance; backsheet panel temperature; airmass; clearness index; and DC voltage of the inverter. Monitoring data from an 8-year operation of a grid-connected PV system are employed for training, testing, and validation of these networks. They act as a baseline, built from the first year, and the computed metrics act as indicators of faults or degradation. Best accuracy is reached with the DFFNN. The ANNs are trained with data from the first year of operation, and output prediction is carried out for the remaining years. Annual electricity generation exceeds 1600 kWh /kWp, and MAPE values show an increasing trend over the years. This fact indicates a possible change in PV performance.
Aeolian Sand Test with True Triaxial Stress Path Achieved by Pseudo-Triaxial Apparatus
Authors: Ma Zhigang , Li Xuefeng
Published: May 2023

Aeolian sand is a special roadbed filler, but its three-dimensional mechanical properties are rarely studied. To obtain the characteristic of its deformation, strength on the deviatoric plane, and failure in three dimensions, a series of triaxial drained tests on aeolian sand in the Tengger Desert, under the condition of the constant average principal stress, p, were conducted by an equivalent alternative method to achieve a true triaxial stress path by a pseudo-triaxial apparatus. The results show that the method can better determine the strength. The peak shear stress decreases gradually with the increase of the intermediate principal stress coefficient, b, at the same p. Compared with the SMP and Mohr–Coulomb criteria, the peak shear stress is near the strength lines predicted by both criteria. At a lower p, the specimen exhibited strain-softening behaviours, but at a higher p, it showed hardening behaviours. Under the conditions of a higher p and lower b, the specimen exhibited contraction first and then dilatancy. The specimen deformation is greatly affected by anisotropy, and as the p-value increases, the effect of the initial anisotropy on the specimen begins to weaken. The εs (generalized shear strain)/η (stress ratio)-εs curves, can be expressed by a linear equation, of which the slope is affected by the b-value. The experiment verifies the feasibility and rationality of the equivalent method. The test data provide support for the maintenance of desert roadbeds and the sustainable development of the economy and society in ecologically fragile areas.
Study on Poisson Algebra and Automorphism of a Special Class of Solvable Lie Algebras
Authors: Yu Demin , Jiang Chan , Ma Jiejing
Published: May 2023

We define a four-dimensional Lie algebra g in this paper and then prove that this Lie algebra is solvable but not nilpotent. Due to the fact that g is a Lie algebra, ∀x,y∈g,[x,y]=−[y,x], that is, the operation [,] has anti symmetry. Symmetry is a very important law, and antisymmetry is also a very important law. We studied the structure of Poisson algebras on g using the matrix method. We studied the necessary and sufficient conditions for the automorphism of this class of Lie algebras, and give the decomposition of its automorphism group by Aut(g)=G3G1G2G3G4G7G8G5, or Aut(g)=G3G1G2G3G4G7G8G5G6, or Aut(g)=G3G1G2G3G4G7G8G5G3, where Gi is a commutative subgroup of Aut(g). We give some subgroups of g’s automorphism group and systematically studied the properties of these subgroups.
Toxicity of House Plants to Pet Animals
Authors: Siroka Zuzana
Published: May 2023

Cases of ingestion of indoor poisonous plants are relatively common among animals and lead to both acute cases of poisoning and long-term exposure to harmful substances and chronic damage to the animal’s health. Plants produce a large number of secondary metabolites, which serve to protect the plant from attacks by insects, parasitic plants, fungi or, for example, during reproduction. However, these metabolites can be toxic if ingested by animals or humans. Toxicologically effective components found in plants are mainly alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, terpenes and others. This review article describes in detail the most common and popular indoor poisonous plants grown in Europe, the mechanisms of action of their active substances and clinical signs of the respective poisonings. This manuscript is supplemented with rich photographic documentation of these plants not found in similar articles, and also includes a description of the treatment of individual types of poisoning.
Pathogenicity of GI-23 Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strain Isolated in Brazil
Authors: Trevisol Iara Maria , Caron Luizinho , Mores Marcos Antônio Zanella , Voss-Rech Daiane , da Silva Zani Gabriel , Back Alberto , Marchesi Jorge Augusto Petroli , Esteves Paulo Augusto
Published: May 2023

IBV variants belonging to the GI-23 lineage have circulated since 1998 in the Middle East and have spread to several countries over time. In Brazil, the first report of GI-23 occurred in 2022. The study aimed to evaluate the in vivo pathogenicity of exotic variant GI-23 isolates. Biological samples were screening by real-time RT-PCR and classified in to GI-1 or G1-11 lineages. Interestingly, 47.77% were not classified in these lineages. Nine of the unclassified strains were sequenced and showed a high similarity to the GI-23 strain. All nine were isolated and three, were studied for pathogenicity. At necropsy, the main observations were the presence of mucus in the trachea and congestion in the tracheal mucosa. In addition, lesions on the tracheas showed marked ciliostasis, and the ciliary activity confirmed the high pathogenicity of isolates. This variant is highly pathogenic to the upper respiratory tract and can cause severe kidney lesions. This study confirm a circulation of GI-23 strain in the country and report, to first time, the isolation of an exotic variant of IBV in Brazil.
No Difference in the Prevalence of HIV-1 gag Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Escape Mutations in Viral Sequences from Early and Late Parts of the HIV-1 Subtype C Pandemic in Botswana
Authors: Mokaleng Baitshepi , Choga Wonderful Tatenda , Bareng Ontlametse Thato , Maruapula Dorcas , Ditshwanelo Doreen , Kelentse Nametso , Mokgethi Patrick , Moraka Natasha Onalenna , Motswaledi Modisa Sekhamo , Tawe Leabaneng , Koofhethile Catherine Kegakilwe , Moyo Sikhulile , Zachariah Matshediso , Gaseitsiwe Simani
Published: May 2023

HIV is known to accumulate escape mutations in the gag gene in response to the immune response from cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). These mutations can occur within an individual as well as at a population level. The population of Botswana exhibits a high prevalence of HLA*B57 and HLA*B58, which are associated with effective immune control of HIV. In this retrospective cross-sectional investigation, HIV-1 gag gene sequences were analyzed from recently infected participants across two time periods which were 10 years apart: the early time point (ETP) and late time point (LTP). The prevalence of CTL escape mutations was relatively similar between the two time points—ETP (10.6%) and LTP (9.7%). The P17 protein had the most mutations (9.4%) out of the 36 mutations that were identified. Three mutations (A83T, K18R, Y79H) in P17 and T190A in P24 were unique to the ETP sequences at a prevalence of 2.4%, 4.9%, 7.3%, and 5%, respectively. Mutations unique to the LTP sequences were all in the P24 protein, including T190V (3%), E177D (6%), R264K (3%), G248D (1%), and M228L (11%). Mutation K331R was statistically higher in the ETP (10%) compared to the LTP (1%) sequences (p < 0.01), while H219Q was higher in the LTP (21%) compared to the ETP (5%) (p < 0.01). Phylogenetically, the gag sequences clustered dependently on the time points. We observed a slower adaptation of HIV-1C to CTL immune pressure at a population level in Botswana. These insights into the genetic diversity and sequence clustering of HIV-1C can aid in the design of future vaccine strategies.
The Emerging Threat of Antimicrobial-Resistant Sexually Transmitted Infections: Epidemiology, Management and Detection
Authors: Varshney Karan
Published: May 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the most pressing public health crises, with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) of all types rapidly becoming resistant to treatments [...]
Developing the Ascorbic Acid Test: A Candidate Standard Tool for Characterizing the Intrinsic Reactivity of Metallic Iron for Water Remediation
Authors: Cui Xuesong , Xiao Minhui , Tao Ran , Hu Rui , Ruppert Hans , Gwenzi Willis , Noubactep Chicgoua
Published: May 2023

Granular metallic iron (gFe0) materials have been widely used for eliminating a wide range of pollutants from aqueous solutions over the past three decades. However, the intrinsic reactivity of gFe0 is rarely evaluated and existing methods for such evaluations have not been standardized. The aim of the present study was to develop a simple spectrophotometric method to characterize the intrinsic reactivity of gFe0 based on the extent of iron dissolution in an ascorbic acid (AA—0.002 M or 2 mM) solution. A modification of the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid method (EDTA method) is suggested for this purpose. Being an excellent chelating agent for FeII and a reducing agent for FeIII, AA sustains the oxidative dissolution of Fe0 and the reductive dissolution of FeIII oxides from gFe0 specimens. In other words, Fe0 dissolution to FeII ions is promoted while the further oxidation to FeIII ions is blocked. Thus, unlike the EDTA method that promotes Fe0 oxidation to FeIII ions, the AA method promotes only the formation of FeII species, despite the presence of dissolved O2. The AA test is more accurate than the EDTA test and is considerably less expensive. Eight selected gFe0 specimens (ZVI1 through ZVI8) with established diversity in intrinsic reactivity were tested in parallel batch experiments (for 6 days) and three of these specimens (ZVI1, ZVI3, ZVI5) were further tested for iron leaching in column experiments (for 150 days). Results confirmed the better suitability (e.g., accuracy in assessing Fe0 dissolution) of the AA test relative to the EDTA test as a powerful screening tool to select materials for various field applications. Thus, the AA test should be routinely used to characterize and rationalize the selection of gFe0 in individual studies.
Location of the Interurban Fast Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles Using the Methodology for Calculating the Maximum Distance between Fast Charges (MDFC) and Simulation: A Case Study in Ecuador
Authors: Buenaño Luis , Torres Hugo , Fernández Efrén
Published: May 2023

This study determines the location of the minimum fast charging infrastructure for electric vehicles in the interurban route Riobamba–Quito in Ecuador using the methodology of the maximum distance between fast charges (MDFC). From the application of the method, a MDFC of 60 km and a basic highway charging infrastructure (BHCI) of six stations are obtained. The location is calculated by measuring the MDFC on the road using the desktop application Google Earth Pro. The proposal is validated by means of a mathematical model in Simulink, and two simulation scenarios are proposed. In the first one, the initial state of charge (SOC) is 95% and represents an EV with complete charging patterns, while in the second one, the initial SOC is 65% and represents incomplete charging patterns. The results indicate that for both simulation scenarios, the EV KIA SOUL 2016 can perform the specified round-trip routes using the proposed BHCI performing two fast charges of 20 min each way. In all cases, SOC values during operation remain above 20%. The results obtained allow us to establish that the proposed BHCI and its location are sufficient to allow the studied EV to complete the route.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence Models in Educational Analytics and Decision Making: A Systematic Review
Authors: de Souza Zanirato Maia Joyce , Bueno Ana Paula Arantes , Sato Joao Ricardo
Published: May 2023

Education plays a critical role in society as it promotes economic development through human capital, reduces crime, and improves general well-being. In any country, especially in the developing ones, its presence on the political agenda is necessary. Despite recent educational advances, those developing countries have increased enrollments, but academic performance has fallen far short of expectations. According to international evaluations, Latin American countries have made little progress in recent years, considering the level of investment in education. Thus, Artificial Intelligence (AI) models, which deal with data differently from traditional analysis methods, can be an option to better understand educational dynamics and detect patterns. Through a literature review using the PRISMA methodology, we investigated how AI has been used to evaluate educational performance in basic education (elementary and high school) in several countries. We searched five platforms, resulting in a total of 19,114 works retrieved, and 70 articles included in the review. Among the main findings of this study, we can mention: (i) low adherence to the use of AI methodology in education for practical actions; (ii) restriction of analyzes to specific datasets; (iii) most studies focus on computational methodology and not on the meaning of the results for education; and (iv) a less trend to use AI methods, especially in Latin America. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated educational challenges, highlighting the need for innovative solutions. Given the gap in the use of AI in education, we propose its methods for global academic evaluation as a means of supporting public policy-making and resource allocation. We estimate that these methods may yield better results more quickly, enabling us to better address the urgent needs of students and educators worldwide.
Disclosure of non-financial information in corporate accounting reports: a theoretical aspect
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Plekhanov Russian University of Economics”, Moscow, Russia, Korchagina L.M.
Published: May 2023

The corporate world is changing as a result of the expansion and social deepening of globalization processes. To be successful, companies need to be aware of international markets, a diverse range of stakeholders, and comply with ever-increasing non-financial disclosure requirements. Organizations should also analyze how their social and environmental impacts affect their stakeholders and, most importantly,the financial situation of their shareholders. Globalization continues to influence corporate governance reform and its structure in order to be able to respond to growing demand. A hallmark of this reform is corporate accountability and transparency. This has put tremendous pressure on companies to disclose non-financial information and, more specifically,social and environmental issues because they are critical to the survival of the firm. Organizations have voluntarily responded to this pressure, but there is a need for regulatory principles that would form the basis for disclosure of non-financial information in the organization. In this article, the author analyzes various aspects related to the disclosure of non-financial information in corporate accounting reports. The reason why non-financial disclosure is required is because users of the financial report, including employees, suppliers, management, shareholders, financial analyst, creditors, and the government, need these reports to make decisions. Thus, it is very important that published annual reports contain reliable information that is timely to enhance decision making.
Los movimientos sociales en perspectiva. Análisis comparado de las movilizaciones armadas y estudiantiles y su incidencia en la reconfiguración del Estado mexicano contemporáneo
Authors: Martínez-Velasco José Francisco , Riquelme Alcantar Gabriela María Luisa , Reséndiz-Ponce Andrés Alejandro
Published: May 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es realizar, desde diversos paradigmas explicativos un análisis comparado del impacto de los movimientos sociales en México en la crisis y reconfiguración del Estado y en sus derivaciones en el sistema político, tanto en su faceta autoritaria, como en su perspectiva plural y democrática. Se parte de dos tipos de movimientos: los estudiantiles y los armados con diversos tipos de reivindicaciones. Para ello, se toman como materia de estudio: los movimientos armados de Guerrero en los años 70 y el movimiento estudiantil de 1968, donde se profundiza su impacto frente a un régimen autoritario. A su vez, se analizan también los movimientos de autodefensa en Michoacán como prototipos de movimientos sociales en un marco completamente diferenciadas en tiempo y circunstancia, pero que igual han impactado las dinámicas que rigen al Estado y sistema político de nuestro país. Es un análisis comparado y transversal de corte interpretativo con base en fuentes documentales relacionadas con la reconfiguración del Estado mexicano contemporáneo. La información resultante se interpretó con el apoyo informático de ATLAS ti, versión 8. Los hallazgos de esta investigación muestran que en los cinco casos se aprecian transformaciones en las dinámicas políticas del Estado y en la forma en que se procesaron dentro del sistema político mexicano, lo cual evidencia que los movimientos sociales en México sí han servido como catalizador en los procesos de cambio político que han desmantelado paulatinamente esquemas autoritarios de poder político, pero también denotan una debilidad institucional para asimilarlos.
Manipulación sonora e influencias sobre el consumo musical juvenil
Authors: Faure-Carvallo Adrien , Sánchez-Gómez Lydia , Calderón-Garrido Diego , Gustems-Carnicer Josep
Published: May 2023

En un contexto de preocupación creciente frente al tráfico de información privada en las redes, la manipulación del individuo y la vulneración de la libertad de decisión de las personas, esta investigación centra su foco de atención en los posibles mecanismos de homogeneización presentes en las músicas de consumo masivo destinadas al público juvenil y adolescente. Para ello, se plantea un estudio descriptivo fenomenológico, a través de una serie de entrevistas, donde se recurre al testimonio de productores discográficos especializados en dichas músicas. Los resultados muestran la existencia de ciertas prácticas de producción musical, estrictamente pautadas y al servicio de la industria discográfica, que ejercen una marcada influencia sobre la percepción, la asimilación y el consumo de las músicas de masas. De este modo, se describen técnicas de grabación y posproducción sonora con capacidad expresiva, que pueden regular las emociones de los oyentes y reforzar imaginarios, ideologías y actitudes a través de la música grabada. También, se comprende el modo en el cual el uso de dichos patrones de manipulación sonora incide directamente sobre las preferencias musicales de los oyentes y contribuye a una deriva preocupante hacia la homogeneización cultural entre los jóvenes de nuestra sociedad.