bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NEW INTERPRETATION OF THE EARTH’S MAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS’ ON LIFE
Authors: Hijab Basim
Published: December 2020

The relationships of the Earth’s magnetic field intensity and time (the past 320 years) for many locations around the world are obtained, based on the IGRF-13 mathematical model. The results showed that each location on the earth surface has its magnetic intensity relation with time that reflects local variations. The sudden changes (magnetic anomalies) in the Earth’s magnetic field with time are natural phenomena, which are different from place to another. These magnetic anomalies are investigated for possible relationship to the historical records of the influenza pandemic outbreaks. The results showed clear congruences between the Earth’s magnetic anomalies and influenza outbreaks times. The congruences become clearer when comparing the highest magnetic anomaly intensity and the first outbreak location of the influenza pandemic. This is true for the recorded historical data since 1890 AD. It is not known how the changes in Earth’s magnetic field affect the virus’s outbreaks or evolution, but there is a clear relation that needs detailed studies.
HYDROCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER OF EUPHRATES AQUIFER IN ANAH, WESTERN IRAQ FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES
Authors: Jummah Muhammeed
Published: December 2020

Groundwater quality is of prime importance in determining its suitability for various human activity such as irrigation, therefore, groundwater samples are collected from selective wells in Anah city and subjected to hydrochemical analysis in order to measure the concentrations of the major ions, in addition to the Electrical Conductivity, pH, Total Dissolved Solids, Soluble Sodium Percentage (Na%), and Sodium Adsorption Ratio)SAR( to assess the suitability of groundwater for irrigation. Results showed that the groundwater in Anah city is characterized by excellent to good SAR with good Na% and accepted value of pH for irrigation, whereas, values of Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids were not acceptable due to the rising of salinity (SO4 and Cl). According to Piper diagram, the type of water is Earth alkaline.
Introspective Inspection
Authors:   Department of Social Science, Mullen Dr. Clayton
Published: December 2020

This summary review examines the inspection process in relation to fundamental research paradigms and factors influencing those paradigms. The objective is to offer a brief insight into the inspection process through the prisms of science, philosophy, and psychology but not to advocate for a specific approach. The reader is encouraged to consider factors related to the interchanges of an observer, the phenomena that are observed, and the combination of the observer and the observed. Arming the observer with broader knowledge can bolster approaches to inspection. At a minimum, the discussion will encourage introspection. The term ‘observer’ is used contextually in this paper both as the act of receiving information from the external world and as a practitioner assessing phenomena. An awareness of the different avenues of inquiry and factors influencing inquiry may assist with conceptual and practical approaches to observation and inspection. Gathering information through observation has obvious similarities with data collection in formal research. The act of observation shapes our interpretations of reality and how information is processed into knowledge. Practical field-level inspections lack formal research structure; however, envisioning inspections from a theoretical perspective allows appreciation for both quantitative and qualitative approaches. A combination of qualitative and quantitative paradigms is termed mixed-methods or mixed methodology. This conceptual quantitative-qualitative amalgam includes reconciling their philosophical roots with positivism, interpretivism, and constructivism. Comparisons between research methods and field-level inspection are explored through information research and summary review. The constructs of the observer effect, solipsism, social capital, and locus of control inform the discussion.
Developing a Practical Teaching Simulation Software for Ability Certification of Microcontroller Applications
Authors:   Department of Information Technology Application, Kao Yuan University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Hsu Chin-Ming
Published: December 2020

This paper proposes an effective educational training tool used to help students passing the professional competence certification examinations held by TEMI (Taiwan Embedded Microcontroller Development Institute) association. In order to help students passing the certificate qualification examinations, the developed educational training tool allows users to simulate both discipline and technical subjects of three types of microcontroller application professional competence certification examinations, including microcontroller, digital logical circuitry design, and welding circuitry certificates. The proposed simulation platform can allow students to learn wireless remote-control robots, tracking self-propelled vehicles, digital circuit design, and electronic component de-soldering/soldering related technology, respectively. In this paper, the developed practical educational training tool utilizes Visual Basic and C# programming languages as the development tools for developing three types of main control circuit board ability certifications and the discipline ability certification training simulation platform. In addition, the designed teaching tool aims at guiding students on their hands-on experience to inspire students' interest in microcontroller related application technology and enhance students' learning effects. The proposed simulation tool has been used as the learning exploration with the students at Kao Yuan University in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. According to the experimental results, this paper can provide three contributions. First, it can increase the passing rates of obtaining three types of microcontroller application professional competence certification examinations. Second, it can assist teachers in understanding students' learning performance, thereby proposing related effective and efficient teaching strategies. Third, it can increase students' professional skills and employment competitiveness, thereby cultivating more professional and technical talents to meet the needs of the microcontroller application industry.
Some biological parameters in the evaluation of the stability and maturity of two compost
Authors: Villalba Luisa , Paolini Jorge , Rocha Carlos
Published: December 2020

Composting represents an alternative for the use of organic waste by transforming it into an organic amendment that improves the structure and fertility of soils. As it is a microbiological process, the objective was to analyze some biological parameters in the evaluation of the stability and maturity of two compost. Two compost was made with waste generated at the Simón Bolívar University one obtained from organic waste generated in the dining room and the other from plant remains from the pruning of the gardens. The parameters evaluated were temperature and microbial count, expressed as colony-forming units per gram of compost for yeast, and for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria (in turn classifying the bacteria by the Gram staining method), as well as the germination index determined by the phytotoxicity test. The results obtained allowed us to conclude that: the temperature of the compost pile is a good indicator of the evolution of the composting process, as it is closely associated with biological activity indicating the stages of the process, in the compost analyzed, the counting of microorganisms allowed to evaluate them as stable, the bacterial classification by Gram staining, represented a good indicator of the successions that occur in the composting process and was useful to help the classification of the bacteria present; the phytotoxicity test corroborated the degree of maturity and stability of the studied compost.
Agricultural supports and farmers’ satisfaction: A latent variable application in Turkey
Authors: Demirtas Bekir
Published: December 2020

Agricultural supports are given with different quantities and purposes around the world, such as exemption from tax, granting subsidies or agricultural insurances, among others. These supports have a great impact but its benefits to farmers are not generally known. The influence of these supports on farmers is pointed out by evaluating the farmers’ satisfaction. In this sense, it was obtained a data from 426 producers in order to analyze the agricultural supports regarding farmer´s satisfaction. The first and second-order latent variables are analyzed by applying the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to the survey data obtained for the evaluation of farmers’ satisfaction. The factor loadings and fit index were sufficient and the structure validity and reliability of the model were ensured. The most effective variables influencing the farmers’ satisfaction related to the agricultural supports are the supports maintaining the financial structure and livestock support. Results indicate that farmers need to be supported more in terms of input use and crop production.
Arap Dilinde Emâlî Geleneği: İbnu’ş-Şecerî’nin el-Emâlî Adlı Eseri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: ERSÖNMEZ Hüseyin
Published: December 2020

Emâlî “Bir âlimin belli günlerde başta hadis olmak üzere, arap dili, tefsir, fıkıh ve diğer ilimlerle ilgili bilgilerini ders halkasındaki öğrencilerine yazdırmasıyla ortaya çıkan bir eser türüdür.” Muhaddislerden sonra en çok emâlî yazdıranlar Arap dili ve edebiyatı âlimleridir. Bu âlimler eserlerinde lugât ve nahiv konularını esas almakla beraber imlâ esnasında belli bir konuya bağlı kalmamışlar, ayetlerin tefsirine ve hadislerin şerhine, tanınmış Arap hakîm, hatîp ve şairlerinin hikmetli söz ve şiirlerine de yer vermişlerdir. Bu anlamda arap dili alanında yazılmış ve günümüze ulaşan eserler arasında Sâ‘leb’in (ö. 291/904) el-Mecâlis’i, Ebû Abdillâh Muhammed b. Abbâs el-Yezîdî (ö. 313/925), İbn Dureyd (ö. 321/933), ez-Zeccâcî (ö. 337/949), Ebû Ali el-Kâlî (ö. 356/967), eş-Şerîf el-Murtazâ (ö. 436/1044), İbnu’ş-Şecerî (ö. 542/1148) ve İbnu’l-Hâcib’in (ö. 646/1249) el-Emâli’sini zikredebiliriz.Bu çalışmamızda Arap dili alanında yazılmış en önemli emâlî türü eserlerden olan İbnu’ş-Şecerî’nin el-Emâlî’si üzerinde duracağız. Eserin genel özelliklerini, imlâ sürecini, müellifin eserdeki metodunu ve eserde işlenen konuları ele alacağız. Ayrıca eserin kaynaklarını, eserden istifade edenleri ve bu eser üzerine yapılmış çalışmaları tespit etmeye çalışacağız.
Beğâvî Tefsirin’de Esbâb-ı Nüzûl
Authors: ÇALAR Adem
Published: December 2020

Öz: Vahyin geldiği ortam olarak da değerlendirilen esbâb-ı nüzûl, âyetlerin inişine neden olan olaylar, insanlar ve onların tutumları hakkında göz ardı edilemeyecek malumatlar vermiştir. Esbâb-ı nüzûl adı verilen bu bilgilere, önceleri hadis mecmuaları içinde yer verilmiş, ardından tefsir kitaplarına da aktarılarak müfessirlerce çokça istifade edilmiştir. Ne var ki bu rivâyetler geniş çaplı eleştiri ve değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmamıştır. Son dönemlerde esbâb-ı nüzûlün Kur’ân’ı anlamadaki rolü gündeme gelince klasik tefsirlerdeki esbâb-ı nüzûl rivâyetleri bu gözle okunup üzerlerine çalışmalar yapılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışma Begâvî'nin Meâlimü’l-Tenzîl adlı eserini esbâb-ı nüzûl bağlamında değerlendirebilmek için kaleme alınmıştır. Makalede öncelikle Beğavî’nin hayatı, ilmi kişiliği, eserleri hakkında genel bir çerçeve çizilmiş, sonrasında ise esbâb-ı nüzûlün Kur’ân’ı anlamadaki önemi, Beğâvî’nin sebebi-i nüzûl rivâyetlerini âyet ve sûre açısından takdim şekli ile bu rivâyetlerden nasıl yararlandığı, ne gibi değerlendirmelerde bulunduğu ve ne tür açılımlar getirdiği gibi konular örnekler üzerinden ele alınmıştır.
Mecmû’atü’t-terâcim Tezkiresinde Bulunan Tarih Manzumeleri
Authors: ÇINARCI Mehmet Nuri
Published: December 2020

Harflere ve sayılara anlam yüklemek ilkçağdan günümüze kadar süregelen bir anlayıştır. Dilin gündelik hayattaki somut yansıması olarak kabul edilen harfler ile ölçme ve tartma gibi işlemlerin birimsel ifadesi olan sayılara gerek Doğu gerekse de Batı toplumlarında farklı manalar yüklenmiştir. Evrenin yaratılışını sayılarla ifade etmeye çalışan Pisagor, harfler ve sayılar arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklayabilmek amacıyla Kalde alfabesini oluşturmuştur. Bu yönüyle de günümüzde çoğunlukla astrologların istifade ettiği ve evrendeki gizli yasa ve ilkeleri keşfetmeyi gaye edinen Numeroloji’nin kurucusu sayılır. Harf ve sayı gizemciliğinin Doğu’daki en büyük temsilciliğini ise Hurufiler üstlenmiştir. Ebced hesabı yöntemiyle harflere sayısal değerler yükleyen Hurufiler, kutsal metinlerde harf ve kelimelerin sayı ve sıra bakımından şifreler barındırdığını iddia etmişlerdir. İslam kültüründe geniş bir yer edinen ebced, Osmanlı şair ve yazarlarının da özellikle tarih düşürme hususunda istifade ettikleri bir sistemdir. Osmanlı kültür hayatının ilk dönemlerinde kendine mezar taşlarında yer bulan tarih düşürme sanatı, daha sonra cami inşâsından sultanın tahta çıkışına, edebi bir eserin itmamından kazanılmış bir zaferin kronolojik ifasına kadar geniş bir zemine yayılma fırsatı bulmuştur. Klasik edebiyatta ise divan şairleri ve tezkireciler, tarih düşürme sanatını en çok kullanan sanat erbabı arasındadır. Bilhassa klasik şairlerin biyografik bilgilerine yer veren tezkireciler için tarih düşürmeler bu malzemenin olmazsa olmazıdır. Neticede biyografik malzemenin en önemli unsurlarından biri de kişinin hayatındaki önemli olayların tarihleridir. Klasik edebiyatta yazılan ilk tezkireden itibaren tezkireciler şairlerin hayatlarıyla ilgili düşürülen tarihlere sıkça yer vermiş; kimi zamanda kendileri tarih düşürmüşlerdir. XIX. yüzyıl tezkirelerinden olan ve Mehmed Tevfik Efendi tarafından kaleme alınmış olan Mecmû’atü’t-terâcim tezkiresinde de başta vefatları olmak üzere şairlerle ilgili birçok önemli hususa düşülen tarihlere yer verilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Mehmed Tevfik Efendi’nin tezkiresinde yer verdiği tarihlere ve tarihlerin türlerine yer verilmiştir.
Caracterización y vivencias sobre dimensión psicológica de estilos de vida en personas adultas mayores. Comunidad “16 de octubre”. Chachapoyas-Amazonas 2017
Authors: León-Montoya Gladys Bernardita , Saavedra-Chinchayán María Esther , Negrón Zare Rosa Ydray
Published: December 2020

La presente investigación cuali-cuantitativa, descriptiva de corte transversal tuvo como objetivos: determinar la dimensión psicológica de los estilos de vida y comprender el fenómeno de sentirse bien consigo mismos y con la vida que tiene actualmente de las personas adultas mayores de la comunidad “16 de octubre”. Chachapoyas, cuya población estuvo conformada por 25 adultos mayores que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y a quienes se les aplicó el formulario modificado tipo Escala de Likert sobre estilos de vida en su dimensión psicológica y una entrevista a profundidad. Entre los resultados cuantitativos se encontró que el 72.00% de los adultos mayores tienen su dimensión psicológica saludable, en comparación con el 28.00% que es no saludable. En el análisis cualitativo encontramos las siguientes categorías: “Dios les da la vida”; “agradecen a Dios, por los esposos y los hijos buenos”; “Dios quiere tenerlos así” y “preparados para ir a Dios cuando Él lo decida”. Concluyéndose que las personas adultas mayores de la comunidad “16 de octubre” tienen estilos de vida saludables en la dimensión psicológica, aunque están “a veces con sentimientos encontrados, sin embargo, Dios es principio y fin en sus vidas”.
Evaluating the Performance of Modified DSR in Presence of Noisy Links using QUALNET Network Simulator in MANET
Authors: Ghosh Saurav , Ghorai Chinmoy
Published: December 2020

For routing in MANET, finding the shortest path between nodes based on the classical hop-count metric may not always be the best routing criteria to be considered because the shortest path might be congested or error prone due to noisy interference leading to poor network throughput and packet delivery ratio. In our work, we use Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) as the link-quality metric in a modified version of the of DSR protocol coined as MDSR which takes into consideration the SNR value of a wireless link in addition to the hop count metric to discover new routes. We have extensively used the QUALNET Simulator to evaluate our modified DSR protocol and the results indicate that the MDSR provides high throughput, high packet delivery ratio, reduced end-to-end delay and jitter in comparison to the original DSR protocol. We have compared the performance of DSR and MDSR in two different network topologies with 52 and 92 mobile nodes respectively. In each topology we have considered two cases one using DSR without considering the link SNR values and the other using MDSR on the same topology considering the link SNR values.
An Improved Protocol for Proxy Based Certification Authority for MANETs
Authors: Panda Bibhudendu , Khilar Pabitra Mohan
Published: December 2020

This paper includes developing framework for proxy based certificate Authority for MANET. Key management is a central aspect for security in mobile ad hoc networks. In mobile ad hoc networks, the computational load and complexity for key management is strongly subject to restriction of the node’s available resources and the dynamic nature of the topology. PKI has been recognized as one of the most effective tools for providing security for dynamic networks. However, providing such an infrastructure in MANETs is a challenging task due to their infrastructure-less nature. In this paper we have considered such challenges in detail, identify the requirements for such solutions, and propose a practical PKI service for MANETs. We used threshold cryptography to distribute the CA functionality. To reduce the overhead research work employs a proxy and a timer during multicasting to achieve certification service. Results from simulation establish the effectiveness and the efficiency of the approach.
Dual Bootstrap Server Based Superpeer Overlay Construction
Authors: suguna K. , Madhavi K.
Published: December 2020

Many two-layer hierarchy unstructured peer-to-peer (P2P) systems, comprising of superpeers and ordinary peers improved the performance of large scale P2P systems. The construction and maintenance of the superpeer overlay network play an important role in improving the performance P2P systems. One efficient method of constructing the superpeer overlay network is based on notion of Perfect Difference Networks(PDN).The construction and maintenance of network in this method is controlled by single bootstrap server. Such network is prone to single-point failures. The number of registration requests lost before getting up the failed bootstrap server and the delay in adding new peer to the network gets increased. The mechanism of maintaining and constructing the superpeer overlay network by making use of two bootstrap servers having slight different functionality proposed in this paper avoids single-point failures. It also ensures no loss of registration requests. The experimental results show that the delay in adding new peer to the network and number of registration requests lost are reduced.
DRAMA ETKİNLİKLERİNİN 7. SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN TÜRKÇE KONUŞMA BECERİLERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: KARDAŞ Naif
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, öğrencilerin, Türkçe konuşma becerilerini geliştirmede drama yönteminin etkisini belirlemektir. Çalışmada ayrıca; cinsiyet, anne eğitim durumu, baba eğitim durumu, not ortalaması, kitap okuma durumu gibi bağımsız değişkenlerin sonuçlar üzerinde bir etkisinin olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada nicel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma gruplarını Mardin ili Dargeçit ilçesi Tavşanlı Ortaokulu’nun 7. Sınıfına devam eden 28 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada nicel araştırma desenlerinden ön test son test kontrol gruplu deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın deney grubunda drama yöntemi ilkelerine uygun etkinlikler düzenlenirken kontrol grubunda mevcut öğretim programı etkinliklerine yer verilmiştir. Araştırmanın ön test- son test verilerinin analizinde SPSS 20 paket programı kullanılmıştır.

Ön test uygulamasından sonra 10 hafta boyunca sürdürülen deneysel süreçlerden ulaşılan sonuçlar şu şekildedir: Araştırma sonucunda deney grubu öğrencilerinin Türkçe konuşma becerisi ön test-son test verileri arasında son test lehine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farkın olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmada ayrıca; cinsiyet, not ortalaması, anne eğitim durumu, baba eğitim durumu, kitap okuma durumu gibi bağımsız değişkenlerin Türkçe konuşma becerisi düzeyleriyle bir ilişkisinin olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
TÜKETİM KARŞITI YAŞAM TARZLARI: FREEGANİZM, GÖNÜLLÜ SADELİK VE MİNİMALİZM
Authors: TAŞ Seda
Published: December 2020

Günümüz toplumlarında tüketim gündelik yaşamın odağında yer almaktadır. Önceleri basit ihtiyaçların karşılanması anlamına gelen tüketim giderek daha karmaşık bir hal almaktadır. Tüketim zaman içerisinde temel ihtiyaçların yanında haz, gösteriş, statü, kimlik ve itibar için de yapılır hale gelmektedir. Tüketimin zaman ve mekân sınırlamalarından çıkarılıp sanal bir hal alması süreci daha da hızlandırmakta aşırı tüketim davranışı her geçen gün daha çok birey tarafından benimsenmeye başlamaktadır. Ancak çoğu zaman tüketimin kendilerine sunduğu cazibeli dünyaya kapılan bireyler aşırı tüketimin oluşturabileceği olumsuz sonuçları pek düşünmemektedir. Tüketimdeki bu artışın sonuçları gerek bireysel gerek toplumsal gerekse çevresel düzeyde birtakım tahribatlara yol açmaktadır. Oluşan bu tahribatları önlemek adına bazı bireyler alternatif yaşam tarzı arayışları içine girmektedir. Bugün dünya çapında oldukça popüler hale gelen bu yaşam tarzları geniş kesimler tarafından tercih edilmeye başlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada tüketim karşıtı yaşam tarzları ele alınmaktadır. Tüketim konusunda yürütülen araştırmaların çoğu tüketimin olumsuz etkileri üzerine odaklanmakta; tüketim karşıtı yaşam tarzları ve hareketler yeterince incelenmemektedir. Bu yüzden çalışmada tüketim karşıtı yaşam tarzları incelenerek alana farklı bir yönde katkı sunmak amaçlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışmada freeganizm, gönüllü sadelik ve minimalizm gibi yaşam tarzlarının ortaya çıkış nedenleri, benimsedikleri fikirler ve yaşam şekilleri betimlenmektedir. Birbirinden farklı özelliklere sahip olan bu yaşam tarzlarının çıkış noktası tüketim karşıtlığı iken takındıkları tavır sürdürülebilir ve kaliteli bir yaşam üzerinde odaklanmaktadır.
Modern İran’da Şiî Sekülerleşme Süreci
Authors: SARI İsmail
Published: December 2020

“Batı” ve “İslâm” olarak ayrılan farklı dünyalarda sekülerleşme olarak tanımlanan genel anlamıyla dinin ideolojileşmesi süreci, Gencer’in tespit ettiği gibi hem ortak hem de dinlerin karakteri ve modernleşme sürecinin seyrine göre değişen farklı bir örüntü izlemektedir. Bu bakımdan, ancak farklı dinlerin hatta din-içi farklı mezheplerin karakteri ve modernleşme sürecinin seyirlerini karşılaştırarak dinlerin ideolojileşme tarzları tam anlaşılabilir. Bu açıdan İslâm Modernizmi gibi İran-Şiî sekülerleşmesi de Batı modernitesi ve Batılı akültürasyon dikkate alınmadan anlaşılamaz. Modernizm Mesih’in ahir zamanda “orada ve gelecekte” kuracağı yeni dünyayı öne çekme, Marx’ın deyimiyle tarihi hızlandırarak, hemen “burada ve şimdi” kurma projesidir. Dolayısıyla buradan modernizm-sekülerizm ilişkisi açığa çıkar ki modern dünyaya giden yolun sekülerden geçtiği görülür. Sekülerizm, nihai hedef olan yeni dünya düzenine giden yolu, ahir zamandaki yeryüzü cennetini daha fazla beklemeden “burada ve şimdi” kurma projesini ifade eder. Sekülerizm böylece tarihin askıya alındığı eskatolojik zihniyeti aşma yolu olarak bulunmuştur. Bu anlamda Batılı fikir ve politik dalgalarının etkisinde gelişen İran-Şiî sekülerleşmesi, güçlü bir medeniyet birikimine sahip İran’ın tarihsel ve kimliksel özelliklerini de yoğun olarak taşımaktadır. İran-Şiî sekülerleşmesinin tüm yönlerinde bunu görmek mümkündür. Burada Cemaleddin Afgânî (1838-1897), Muhammed Hüseyin Nâinî (1860-1936) ve Ruhullah Humeynî (1902-1989) üzerinden yapacağımız analizde öncelikle; i) Batıda olduğu gibi İran’da da “Mesih/Mehdi” inancının örtük bir şekilde sekülerleşmesi, ii) İslâm’ın ideolojileştirilmesi, iii) Sünnî dünyada olduğu gibi Şiî dünyada da “şeriat-kanun” dilemmasının yol açtığı fıkhî sekülerleşme tespit edilmeye çalışılacaktır. Bu bağlamda çalışmamızda yukarıda genel ve soyut olarak aktardığımız çerçevede İran-Şiî sekülerleşme süreci analiz edilecektir.
Patient's Experience, Attitude, and Satisfaction toward the Use of a Digital Intraoral Camera in a Dental Screening Campaign
Authors: Tom Kishor
Published: December 2020

Aim and objective

To evaluate the patient's previous experience, attitude, and satisfaction toward the use of a digital intraoral camera in a dental camp.

Materials and methods

This study was conducted on visitors at the oral health awareness campaign, who had undergone oral health screening with the help of a digital intraoral camera. This study was conducted with the help of a questionnaire survey to ascertain their previous experience, attitude, and satisfaction toward the use of a digital intraoral camera in a dental setting.

Results

As a matter of easing the communication with the dentist, 92% opined that the use of intraoral cameras helps in easing the communication with the dentist. For deciding on the treatment plan, 93% have an opinion that a digital intraoral camera helps them in understanding the treatment options suggested by the dentist and to select the best treatment option for them. Regarding their satisfaction of the respondents toward the intraoral camera, n (%) 56.55 of them opined that they were very satisfied while n (%) 32.74 of them were satisfied and n (%) 10.71 were neutral in their opinion.

Conclusion

Based on these results, it can be concluded that most of the people were very satisfied with the use of a digital intraoral camera in the dental clinic setting as an aid toward understanding their present oral health status. It also helps them in understanding the treatment plan that the dental surgeon has suggested and helps them in communicating with the dentist.

How to cite this article

Tom K. Patient's Experience, Attitude, and Satisfaction toward the Use of a Digital Intraoral Camera in a Dental Screening Campaign. J Oral Health Comm Dent 2020;14(2):44–47.
In Vitro Biocompatibility of Surface Corrosion Films upon Magnesium
Authors: Wang Jun-Lan , Song Ming-Shi , Contreras Karla G. , Birbilis Nick , Cole Ivan , Chen Xiao-Bo
Published: December 2020

Biocompatibility is an essential requirement for implantable biomaterials, particularly for magnesium (Mg) and its alloys which are being pursued as biodegradable implants. In this study, the influence of corrosion-products layers upon the surface of pure Mg specimens was evaluated through direct contact with simulated body fluid. The immersion of pure Mg specimens was conducted in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) at physiological conditions over defined time durations (from 24 h to 14 d). Surface morphology, chemical composition, and cross-sectional structure of corrosion layers were examined by means of focused ion beam, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Results reveal a duplex Mg(OH)2/CaPO4 corrosion layer was produced upon pure Mg as a result of immersion in DMEM, similar to the in vivo surface corrosion films observed on pure Mg in the murine artery. The concentration of Mg in the surface corrosion film decreased with immersion time, from approximately 64 wt% (1 d) to approximately 22 wt% (14 d). Conversely, Ca and P, representing the key constituents in DMEM, were incorporated in corrosion products, resulting in unique surfaces being presented to cells as a function of Mg dissolution. MG63 osteoblast proliferation assay demonstrates comparative cell viability on all corroded surfaces obtained through immersion in DMEM for 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, and 14 d, varying from 90% to 100%. Cell viability on all corroded surfaces was higher than that of bare metal surface (82%), signifying enhanced biocompatibility of corroded surfaces related to the bare metal surface.
Importance of the Single-Span Task Formulation to Extractive Question-answering
Authors: Xu Marie-Anne , Khanna Rahul
Published: December 2020

Recent progress in machine reading comprehension and question-answering has allowed machines to reach and even surpass human question-answering. However, the majority of these questions have only one answer, and more substantial testing on questions with multiple answers, or multi-span questions, has not yet been applied. Thus, we introduce a newly compiled dataset consisting of questions with multiple answers that originate from previously existing datasets. In addition, we run BERT-based models pre-trained for question-answering on our constructed dataset to evaluate their reading comprehension abilities. Among the three of BERT-based models we ran, RoBERTa exhibits the highest consistent performance, regardless of size. We find that all our models perform similarly on this new, multi-span dataset (21.492% F1) compared to the single-span source datasets (~33.36% F1). While the models tested on the source datasets were slightly fine-tuned, performance is similar enough to judge that task formulation does not drastically affect question-answering abilities. Our evaluations indicate that these models are indeed capable of adjusting to answer questions that require multiple answers. We hope that our findings will assist future development in questionanswering and improve existing question-answering products and methods.
Profiling NVIDIA Jetson Embedded GPU Devices for Autonomous Machines
Authors: Li Yazhou , Zheng Yahong Rosa
Published: December 2020

This paper presents two methods, tegrastats GUI version jtop and Nsight Systems, to profile NVIDIA Jetson embedded GPU devices on a model race car which is a great platform for prototyping and field testing autonomous driving algorithms. The two profilers analyze the power consumption, CPU/GPU utilization, and the run time of CUDA C threads of Jetson TX2 in five different working modes. The performance differences among the five modes are demonstrated using three example programs: vector add in C and CUDA C, a simple ROS (Robot Operating System) package of the wall follow algorithm in Python, and a complex ROS package of the particle filter algorithm for SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping). The results show that the tools are effective means for selecting operating mode of the embedded GPU devices.
Scaling-Up and Zooming-Out: Understanding How and When Participatory Institutions Matter
Authors: Abbott Jared , Goldfrank Benjamin
Published: December 2020

The three books reviewed here represent a new generation of rigorous scholarship on participatory institutions (PIs). They demonstrate that – under certain conditions – it is possible to build large-scale PIs that strengthen democratic governance and improve citizens' lives. Nonetheless, significant challenges remain. Due in part to the absence of either high-quality national-level comparative data or fine-grained subnational data, and in part to research design choices of existing studies, the literature remains limited in its capacity to make general claims about the causes and effects of large-scale PIs. Ultimately, the key question collectively addressed, but not fully answered, by the works reviewed is whether governments can build PIs that deliver on their promise to improve the quality of democracy and enhance public service provision on a large scale in diverse contexts beyond Brazil.
La resolumediación de conflictos en el ámbito educativo de manera participada
Authors: Montañés Serrano Manuel , Ramos Muslera Esteban Andrés
Published: December 2020

Los modelos predominantes de mediación de conflictos en el ámbito escolar no pueden atender problemáticas sociales como el bullying, entre otras consideraciones porque la mediación requiere que sea voluntaria y que no sean cuestiones que puedan ser catalogadas como delictivas. En este artículo se realiza una razonada crítica tanto de los modelos principales de mediación escolar como de otra índole, se expone cómo el modo de atender las necesidades generan relaciones de cooperación y explotación (éstas últimas posibles precursoras de conflictos), se define el conflicto según la perspectiva sociopráxica, y se justifica y argumenta la necesidad de hacer partícipe al conjunto de redes y realidades grupales, presentes en el centro escolar, en un proceso cuya finalidad sea diseñar e implementar un Plan de convivencia escolar con el que anticipar o/y resolver conflictos.
The Neoarchean Conglomerate-Hosted Gold of the West Pilbara Craton, Western Australia
Authors: Spinks Sam C. , Pearce Mark A. , Le Vaillant Margaux , Fox David , Tyler Ian M. , Godel Belinda , Stromberg Jessica , Mead Ed , White Alistair J.R.
Published: December 2020

Recently discovered Au in boulder conglomerate between the Mesoarchean West Pilbara superterrane basement and the overlying volcano-sedimentary stratigraphy of the Neoarchean Fortescue Group in Western Australia has renewed comparisons with the Witwatersrand conglomerate Au deposits in South Africa. As such, this has reignited the question of the Pilbara and Kaapvaal cratons being linked as part of the postulated Vaalbara continent during the Archean. However, little is known about the origin of the Pilbara conglomerate Au and its host conglomerates, as they are hitherto unstudied, and their formation and/or source is uncertain.

Here we present a detailed study on the textures, composition, and sedimentology of one newly discovered Pilbara conglomerate Au deposit at the base of the Neoarchean Fortescue Group in the northwestern Pilbara craton. The Pilbara conglomerate Au occurrences are characteristically Ag-bearing but Hg-poor polycrystalline discoid masses that are overgrown by Au-poor chloritic halos, which are further enveloped by a hydrothermal alteration halo of disseminated Au within chlorite. Both the discoids and the auriferous chlorite halo are Ag bearing, with up to ~9 wt % Ag, consistent with a hydrothermal (orogenic) origin. The discoids do not display any physical or chemical evidence for sedimentary transport; thus, their formation (placer versus hydrothermal) remains unclear. However, the position of the Au in the conglomerate, limited to the basal section of the conglomerate, is difficult to account for in a purely hydrothermal deposit model.

We argue the Pilbara conglomerate Au represents a modified placer deposit from a primary orogenic Au source, with surface evidence for sedimentation removed by partial dissolution during later hydrothermal alteration in the host conglomerate and the crystalline basement. While the basal Fortescue Group conglomerate Au shares commonalities with the time equivalent (>~2.7 Ga) Venterspost Conglomerate Formation, which overlies the Witwatersrand Supergroup, inconsistencies remain, with different Au chemistries and tectonic, magmatic, sedimentary, and metamorphic-metallogenic histories of the Pilbara and Kaapvaal cratons prior to deposition of the >2.7 Ga conglomerate sequences. This collectively indicates the drivers of Au metallogenesis and ultimate Au deposition in conglomerate facies were fundamentally different in the Pilbara and Kaapvaal cratons.
How might mature students with low entry qualifications succeed in undergraduate science?
Authors: Butcher John , Wood Carlton , Clarke Anactoria , McPherson Elaine
Published: December 2020

Widening participation has been a key UK higher education policy for at least 20 years, but accessing university remains challenging for mature (aged 21+) students with low prior educational qualifications. This is particularly apparent in the science, technology, engineering and maths
(STEM) disciplines, in which the lack of standard UK university matriculation requirements (two A levels) can increase the obstacles faced by vulnerable learners. Since 2013 the Open University has sought to address this by offering a preparatory STEM access module. In this article, the researchers
report a comparative case study using a mixed methods approach to identify the extent to which the impact of a STEM access module was sustained into Level 4 science study. Analysis revealed that students progressing from the access module had a 24% greater chance of passing than a control
group who entered the undergraduate programme directly. Results are discussed in relation to the increased confidence that the students acquired during their preparatory study. We relate the increased confidence of these students to two key aspects: first, an acquired tenacity, which helped
learners navigate the initial challenging steps into undergraduate science; second, sustaining the confidence established by overcoming the maths fear factor.
An inclusive model of programme enhancement
Authors: Reilly Dawn , Warren Liz
Published: December 2020

Within our institutions, there are an increasing number of projects that aim to make our programmes more inclusive. These kinds of projects can be motivated by a desire to address the attainment gap between students with differing ethnicities. This discussion piece aims to widen the
conversation by recognising that it is essential that inclusivity does not stop at considering only the ethnicity of our students. Setting inclusivity within an agenda of continual programme enhancement keeps the need to shrink the ethnicity attainment gap in focus whilst remaining mindful
of the needs of all students, whatever their age; gender; race; socio-economic background; or level of physical or academic ability. Specifically, when we aspire to improve the outcomes for our lowest attaining students, we take an intersectional approach to student support and the positive
spill-over effects of the changes to content, assessment and formative feedback mechanisms we put in place will benefit the many as we pursue a more inclusive curriculum.
Section 11 Bridges requiring special studies
Authors: Priestley M. J. N. , Stanford P. R. , Carr A. J.
Published: December 2020

Seismic design of bridges
Funkcjonowanie straży gminnych (miejskich) w kontekście bezpieczeństwa i porządku publicznego społeczności lokalnej
Authors: Tyczkowska-Kowerczyk Anna
Published: December 2020

Od momentu utworzenia pierwszych straży miejskich na podstawie ustawy o Policji z 1990 r. [8] straże gminne (miejskie) przeszły daleko idącą transformację. Zakres ich działania na rzecz społeczności lokalnej został znacznie rozszerzony, od realizacji zadań porządkowo-administracyjnych do realizacji zadań związanych z bezpieczeństwem i porządkiem publicznym. Choć terenem działania straży nadal jest teren gminy, której organy ją utworzyły (rada gminy), jej działania mają o wiele szerszy zasięg, mając na uwadze efekty jej funkcjonowania, szczególnie w zakresie bezpieczeństwa i porządku publicznego. Straż gminna (miejska), zarówno jako samodzielnie funkcjonujący podmiot, jak i współpracujący z innymi podmiotami, takimi jak Policja, straże pożarne, pogotowie ratunkowe czy też inne służby ratownicze, zajmuje istotne miejsce wśród podmiotów należących do systemu bezpieczeństwa i porządku publicznego, którego efekty funkcjonowania wychodzą daleko poza teren gminy i społeczności lokalnej.
Jednoślady i inne urządzenia transportu osobistego (UTO) a bezpieczeństwo ludzi. Cz. I – Teoretyczne i praktyczne aspekty bezpieczeństwa komunikacyjnego oraz rola UTO w życiu człowieka
Authors: Ziobro Jan , Frańczak Dorota
Published: December 2020

Jedną z cech charakteryzujących współczesnego człowieka jest pośpiech i jego ciągłe przemieszczanie
się w celu zaspokajania potrzeb i realizacji planów życiowych. W ich urzeczywistnianiu
korzysta on z różnorakich środków komunikacji, które dobiera tak, aby sprawnie
i szybko przemieszczać się do wybranych przez siebie miejsc. Jedną z grup środków komunikacji,
coraz powszechniej wykorzystywanych do przemieszczania się w zatłoczonych przestrzeniach
ruchu miejskiego, są tzw. urządzenia transportu osobistego (UTO). Ich użytkownicy
narażeni są na wiele niebezpieczeństw, które czyhają na nich w czasie przemieszczania się.
Coraz powszechniejsze korzystanie z UTO oraz wypadki ich użytkowników były inspiracją
do naukowego zainteresowania się tą sferą transportu oraz jej bezpieczeństwem. Złożoność
problematyki bezpieczeństwa niechronionych uczestników ruchu oraz ograniczenia wydawnicze
sprawiły, że wyniki prowadzonych w tym zakresie badań zaprezentowano w cyklu
artykułów pod jednolitym tytułem Jednoślady i inne urządzenia transportu osobistego (UTO)
a bezpieczeństwo ludzi.
W niniejszej (pierwszej) części opracowania skupiono się na wyjaśnieniu roli UTO w życiu
współczesnego człowieka oraz teoretycznych i praktycznych aspektach bezpieczeństwa komunikacyjnego
niechronionych uczestników ruchu drogowego, którzy znacznie bardziej niż
kierujący samochodami są narażeni na utratę życia lub bardzo poważne obrażenia. W artykule
została przedstawiona analiza wpływu rowerów oraz urządzeń transportu osobistego na
bezpieczeństwo komunikacyjne. Zaprezentowano statystyki dotyczące wypadków drogowych
z udziałem pieszych, użytkowników hulajnóg elektrycznych oraz rowerzystów.
Wskazano także, jak istotną rolę w życiu człowieka odgrywają jednoślady oraz urządzenia
transportu osobistego. Dzięki niewielkim gabarytom pojazdy te pozwalają na pokonywanie krótkich dystansów, zwłaszcza w wąskich i zatłoczonych ulicach miast, wykorzystując do
napędu siłę ludzkich mięśni lub inne alternatywne proekologiczne rozwiązania. Jednakże
pomimo niewątpliwych zalet pojazdy te stają się również źródłem zagrożeń dla człowieka.
A Two-stage Strategy to Optimize Energy Consumption for Latency-critical Workload under QoS Constraint
Authors: Li Jingwei , Teng Duanyu , Lin Jinwei
Published: December 2020

Data centers afford huge energy costs. Saving energy while providing efficient quality of service (Qos) is the goal pursued by data centers. But this is a challenging issue. To ensure the Qos of latency-critical applications, data centers always schedule processors to run at higher frequencies. The continuous high frequency operation will cause great energy waste. Modern processors are equipped with dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) technology, which allows the processor to run at every frequency levels it supports, so we focus on how to use DVFS to trade-off between energy and Qos. In this paper, we propose a two-stage strategy based on DVFS to dynamically scaling the CPU frequency during latency-critical workload execution, aimed at minimizing the energy consumption for latency-critical workload which is under the Qos constraint. The two-stage strategy includes a static stage and dynamic stage, which are worked together to determine the optimal frequency for running workload. The static stage uses a well designed heuristic algorithm to determine the frequency-load matches under Qos constraint, while the dynamic stage leverages a threshold method to determine whether to adjust the pre-set frequency. We evaluate the two-stage strategy in terms of Qos and energy saving on the cloudsuite benchmark, and compares the two metrics with the-state-of art Ondemand. Results show that our strategy is superior to Ondemand for energy saving, improving more than 13%.
Neural Network-based System for Automatic Passport Stamp Classification
Authors: Zaaboub Wala , Tlig Lotfi , Sayadi Mounir , Solaiman Basel
Published: December 2020

The international tourism growth forces governments to make a big effort to improve the security of national borders. The compulsory passport stamping is used in guaranteeing the safekeeping of the entry point of the border. For each passenger, the border police must check the existence of exit stamps and/or the entry stamps of the country that the passenger visits, in all the pages of his passport. However, the systematic control considerably slows the operations of the border police. Protecting the borders from illegal immigrants and simplifying border checkpoints for law-abiding citizens and visitors is a delicate compromise. The purpose of this paper is to perform a flexible and scalable system that ensures faster, safer and more efficient stamp controlling. An automatic system of stamp extraction for travel documents is proposed. We incorporate several methods from the field of artificial intelligence, image processing and pattern recognition. At first, texture feature extraction is performed in order to find potential stamps. Next, image segmentation aimed at detecting objects of specific textures are employed. Then, isolated objects are extracted and classified using multi-layer perceptron artificial network. Promising results are obtained in terms of accuracy, with a maximum average of 0.945 among all the images, improving the performance of MLP neural network in all cases.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF RELATIONS BETWEEN ｜ml｜ AND FIELD STARK IONIZATION THRESHOLD IN RYDBERG Cs ATOMS
Authors: DING GUANG-LIANG  , LIU BING-MO  , WANG JIA-MIN  , GONG SHUN-SHENG  ,   中国科学院武汉物理研究所
Published: December 2020

The experimental study of the relations between ｜ml｜ and field ionization thresholds of Stark components in Rydberg states of atomic cesium is reported. The three expressions of ionization thresholds of ｜ml｜=0，1,2 in atomic cesium are obtained completely from the same experiment.
ANALYSIS ON Ag/Ag2O ULTRAFINE PARTICLE PREPARED BY SPUTTERING
Authors: LI JIAN  , LIU CUN-YE  , LIANG YI-PING  , REN HONG-XIANG  , DENG ZHAO-JING  , LIU CHANG-XIN  ,   西南师范大学物理系
Published: December 2020

The crystal phase, surface composition, particle shape and thermodynamic chaxacter of Ag ultrafine particle (UFP), which were prepared by sputtering in Ar gas, have been analysed by means of X-ray diffraction, X-ray photo-electron spectrum, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and differential scanning calorimeter. The results show that the particles with size larger than 4.6nm are composed of Ag-nuclens and Ag2O-surface-layer, the particles with size less than 4.6nm consisted of Ag2O only, the shape of particles with size less than 10nm are spherical and that with size larger than l0nm are non-definte when the particle were as-prepared. It is shown by DSC that there are different thermal effect between UFP and solid Ag. Also, it is shown by TEM that a few particles which had two phase of Ag and Ag2O and deposited on the carbon film have been reduced to metal Ag UFP after 40 days.
RELATIVISTIC THEORETICAL STUDY ON DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION PROCESS
Authors: DONG CHEN-ZHONG  , ZHOU YU  , WANG JIAN-GUO  , LI JIA-MING  ,   (1)西北师范大学物理系,兰州730070; (2)中国科学院物理研究所,北京100080
Published: December 2020

Dielectronic recombination may be regarded as a resonance radiative recombination process. In the process, an incident free electron with given kinetic energy collision with a ion A+q with charge +q, the free electron excited an bound electron of the ion A+q into nl state, and at the same time, itself be captured into another bound state nl, and a resonance doubly excited state will be formed. Furthermore, the state can be stable through radiative photons into some lower states. In this paper, we study the variation of Auger transition rates, radiative transition rates and dielectronic recombination rates with n in (1s1/2εp1/2)- (3s1/2np1/2)0- (n1 l1j1n2l2j2)1 recombination process using relativistic single configuration approximation method. From the method and program set up in this paper, any dielectronic recombination process for any ion can be calculated conveniently.
THEORETICAL STUDY ON ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF COBALT CLUSTERS
Authors: LI JUN  , GONG XIAO-MIN  , LI JIA-MING  ,   中国科学院物理研究所,北京100080
Published: December 2020

Based on multiple-scattering self-consistent-field method, we have investigated the electron structrue of Co. cluster (n= 3-13). Comparing the calculated ioniza-tion potentials for different geometries and electron configurations with the experimental values, we can study the appropriate electron configuration and geometric structure of Co.. From the occupation of local 3d valence electron in configuration, we found, generally speaking, that the average atomic magnetic moment of Co clusters decreases as the number of atoms increases. From the geometry of cobalt clusters, we also surmise the various formation of Co. cluster.