bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human walking in the real world: Interactions between terrain type, gait parameters, and energy expenditure
Authors: Kowalsky Daniel B. , Rebula John R. , Ojeda Lauro V. , Adamczyk Peter G. , Kuo Arthur D.
Published: January 2021

Humans often traverse real-world environments with a variety of surface irregularities and inconsistencies, which can disrupt steady gait and require additional effort. Such effects have, however, scarcely been demonstrated quantitatively, because few laboratory biomechanical measures apply outdoors. Walking can nevertheless be quantified by other means. In particular, the foot’s trajectory in space can be reconstructed from foot-mounted inertial measurement units (IMUs), to yield measures of stride and associated variabilities. But it remains unknown whether such measures are related to metabolic energy expenditure. We therefore quantified the effect of five different outdoor terrains on foot motion (from IMUs) and net metabolic rate (from oxygen consumption) in healthy adults (N = 10; walking at 1.25 m/s). Energy expenditure increased significantly (P< 0.05) in the order Sidewalk, Dirt, Gravel, Grass, and Woodchips, with Woodchips about 27% costlier than Sidewalk. Terrain type also affected measures, particularly stride variability and virtual foot clearance (swing foot’s lowest height above consecutive footfalls). In combination, such measures can also roughly predict metabolic cost (adjustedR2= 0.52, partial least squares regression), and even discriminate between terrain types (10% reclassification error). Body-worn sensors can characterize how uneven terrain affects gait, gait variability, and metabolic cost in the real world.
On topology and knotty entanglement in protein folding
Authors: Begun Alexander , Liubimov Sergei , Molochkov Alexander , Niemi Antti J.
Published: January 2021

We investigate aspects of topology in protein folding. For this we numerically simulate the temperature driven folding and unfolding of the slipknotted archaeal virus protein AFV3-109. Due to knottiness the (un)folding is a topological process, it engages the entire backbone in a collective fashion. Accordingly we introduce a topological approach to model the process. Our simulations reveal that the (un)folding of AFV3-109 slipknot proceeds through a folding intermediate that has the topology of a trefoil knot. We observe that the final slipknot causes a slight swelling of the folded AFV3-109 structure. We disclose the relative stability of the strands and helices during both the folding and unfolding processes. We confirm results from previous studies that pointed out that it can be very demanding to simulate the formation of knotty self-entanglement, and we explain how the problems are circumvented: The slipknotted AFV3-109 protein is a very slow folder with a topologically demanding pathway, which needs to be properly accounted for in a simulation description. When we either increase the relative stiffness of bending, or when we decrease the speed of ambient cooling, the rate of slipknot formation rapidly increases.
DALIA- a comprehensive resource of Disease Alleles in Arab population
Authors: Vatsyayan Aastha , Sharma Parul , Gupta Shrey , Sandhu Sumiti , Venu Seetha Lakshmi , Sharma Vandana , Badaoui Bouabid , Azedine Kaidi , Youssef Serti , Rajab Anna , Fayez Alaaeldin , Madinur Seema , Ranawat Anop , Pandhare Kavita , Ramachandran Srinivasan , Sivasubbu Sridhar , Scaria Vinod
Published: January 2021

The Arab population encompasses over 420 million people characterized by genetic admixture and a consequent rich genetic diversity. A number of genetic diseases have been reported for the first time from the population. Additionally a high prevalence of some genetic diseases including autosomal recessive disorders such as hemoglobinopathies and familial mediterranean fever have been found in the population and across the region. There is a paucity of databases cataloguing genetic variants of clinical relevance from the population. The availability of such a catalog could have implications in precise diagnosis, genetic epidemiology and prevention of disease. To fill in the gap, we have compiled DALIA, a comprehensive compendium of genetic variants reported in literature and implicated in genetic diseases reported from the Arab population. The database aims to act as an effective resource for population-scale and sub-population specific variant analyses, enabling a ready reference aiding clinical interpretation of genetic variants, genetic epidemiology, as well as facilitating rapid screening and a quick reference for evaluating evidence on genetic diseases.
Happy without money: Minimally monetized societies can exhibit high subjective well-being
Authors: Miñarro Sara , Reyes-García Victoria , Aswani Shankar , Selim Samiya , Barrington-Leigh Christopher P. , Galbraith Eric D.
Published: January 2021

Economic growth is often assumed to improve happiness for people in low income countries, although the association between monetary income and subjective well-being has been a subject of debate. We test this assumption by comparing three different measures of subjective well-being in very low-income communities with different levels of monetization. Contrary to expectations, all three measures of subjective well-being were very high in the least-monetized sites and comparable to those found among citizens of wealthy nations. The reported drivers of happiness shifted with increasing monetization: from enjoying experiential activities in contact with nature at the less monetized sites, to social and economic factors at the more monetized sites. Our results suggest that high levels of subjective well-being can be achieved with minimal monetization, challenging the perception that economic growth will raise life satisfaction among low income populations.
Physical fitness in preschool children in relation to later body composition at first grade in school
Authors: Reisberg Kirkke , Riso Eva-Maria , Jürimäe Jaak
Published: January 2021

Background

This study aimed to investigate whether better physical fitness in kindergarten predicts later healthier body composition in first grade at school.

Methods

Body composition was assessed by skinfold thickness measurements. Physical fitness tests included 20 m shuttle run test, handgrip strength test, standing long jump test, 4x10 m shuttle run test as part of PREFIT fitness test battery, and one-leg stance test from EUROFIT test battery. The participants of this study were 147 Estonian children (51% boys) aged 6–8 years, who were measured in the transition from kindergarten to school.

Results

After adjusting for maternal body mass index, educational attainment, child’s sex, age at the measurements, greater cardiovascular and motor fitness, relative lower body strength, static balance at 6.6 yr were associated with lower fat mass index, fat mass percentage at 12-month follow-up. The relative lower body strength above the median at 6.6 yr were related to lower fat mass index and fat mass percentage at 12-month follow-up, while the static balance test results demonstrated the opposite associations. Improvements in the 4x10 m shuttle run test results during the 12-month follow-up period were associated with the most beneficial changes in body composition status, such as increases in fat-free mass index and decreases in fat mass index, fat mass percentage, waist-to-height ratio after adjusting for maternal body mass index, educational attainment, child’s sex, age, at the measurements and baseline values of exposures.

Conclusion

Better physical fitness tests results at 6.6 yr in kindergarten generally predicted lower body fat parameters in children at 7.6 yr in first grade at school.
Characteristics and etiologies of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients without cirrhosis: When East meets West
Authors: Yen Yi-Hao , Cheng Yu-Fan , Wang Jing-Houng , Lin Chih-Che , Wang Chih-Chi
Published: January 2021

Background/Aims

A recent study from the United States reported that nearly 12% of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) occurred in patients without cirrhosis.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was the most common liver disease in these patients. We aim to evaluate the characteristics, etiologies, and outcomes of cases of non‐cirrhotic HCC in East Asia, where there is a higher prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated non-cirrhotic HCC.

Methods

This retrospective study consecutively enrolled de novo HCC patients managed at our institution from 2011 to 2017. The presence of cirrhosis was assessed by histology; if histology was not available, it was assessed by image study.

Results

2055 patients with HCC were enrolled in this study. Among them, 529 (25.7%) were non-cirrhotic. The non-cirrhotic patients were younger (60.9 vs. 62.5 years, p = 0.006), included a greater proportion of males (78.1% vs. 71.3%, p = 0.002), and had a lower body mass index (24.3 vs. 25.3 kg/m2, p<0.001) than the cirrhotic patients. Among the non‐cirrhotic patients, HBV was the most common liver disease (49.0%). The patients with non‐cirrhotic HCC had larger tumors (5.9 vs. 4.7 cm, p<0.001), underwent liver resection at a higher rate (66.0% vs. 17.4%, p<0.001), and had better overall survival than the cirrhotic HCC patients (median 5.67 vs. 2.83 years, p<0.001).

Conclusions

Nearly 26% of the HCCs occurred in patients without cirrhosis.

HBV was the most common liver disease in these patients, and the survival was better in the non‐cirrhotic patients than the cirrhotic patients.
Exploring the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding among infants under-six months in Ethiopia using multilevel analysis
Authors: Tsegaw Shambel Aychew , Ali Dawed Yeshimebet , Tadesse Amsalu Erkihun
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is the safest and healthiest option of feeding among infants in the first 6 months throughout the world. Thus, the promotion of EBF is essential to prevent complex infant health problems even at the adulthood level. But the majority of previous studies focused on individual- level determinants of EBF by using basic regression models in localized areas. This study aimed to identify the determinants of EBF at the individual and community level which would be helpful to design appropriate strategies for improving the practice of EBF.

Methods

It is a secondary data analysis using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. A total of 1185 infants under 6 months of age were included in the analysis. A Multilevel logistic regression model was employed to investigate factors significantly associated with EBF among under-six infants in Ethiopia. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to measure the association of variables whereas Intracluster correlation (ICC), median odds ratio (MOR), and proportional change in variance (PCV) were used to measure random effects (variation).

Result

In multilevel logistic regression; 4–5 months age infant (AOR = 0.04, 95%CI:0.02–0.07), female infants (AOR = 2.51, 95%CI:1.61–3.91), infant comorbidities (AOR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.21–0.57), richest household wealth index (AOR = 10.34, 95%CI: 3.14–34.03) and antenatal care (AOR = 2.25, 95%CI:1.32–3.82) were individual- level determinants significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Whereas, contextual region (AOR = 0.30, 95%CI: 0.10–0.87), community- level of postnatal visit (AOR = 2.77, 95%CI: 1.26–6.58) and community -level of maternal employment (AOR = 2.8, 95%CI: 1.21–6.47) were community level determinants significantly associated with EBF. The full model showed that46.8% of the variation of exclusive breastfeeding was explained by the combined factors at the individual and community levels. Similarly, it showed that the variation in exclusive breastfeeding across communities remained statistically significant (ICC = 8.77% and variance = 0.32 with P<0.001).

Conclusion and recommendation

Our study showed that both individual and community level determinants were significantly associated with EBF practice among under 6 infants. Based on our findings, it is recommended to promote and enhance antenatal and postnatal care services utilization of mothers to improve exclusive breastfeeding practice and more emphasis should be given to infants with comorbid conditions and those who were living in the pastoralist regions.
Devil in the details: Mechanistic variations impact information transfer across models of transcriptional cascades
Authors: Rowland Michael A. , Pilkiewicz Kevin R. , Mayo Michael L.
Published: January 2021

The transcriptional network determines a cell’s internal state by regulating protein expression in response to changes in the local environment. Due to the interconnected nature of this network, information encoded in the abundance of various proteins will often propagate across chains of noisy intermediate signaling events. The data-processing inequality (DPI) leads us to expect that this intracellular game of “telephone” should degrade this type of signal, with longer chains losing successively more information to noise. However, a previous modeling effort predicted that because the steps of these signaling cascades do not truly represent independent stages of data processing, the limits of the DPI could seemingly be surpassed, and the amount of transmitted information could actually increase with chain length. What that work did not examine was whether this regime of growing information transmission was attainable by a signaling system constrained by the mechanistic details of more complex protein-binding kinetics. Here we address this knowledge gap through the lens of information theory by examining a model that explicitly accounts for the binding of each transcription factor to DNA. We analyze this model by comparing stochastic simulations of the fully nonlinear kinetics to simulations constrained by the linear response approximations that displayed a regime of growing information. Our simulations show that even when molecular binding is considered, there remains a regime wherein the transmitted information can grow with cascade length, but ends after a critical number of links determined by the kinetic parameter values. This inflection point marks where correlations decay in response to an oversaturation of binding sites, screening informative transcription factor fluctuations from further propagation down the chain where they eventually become indistinguishable from the surrounding levels of noise.
Impact of periprocedural morphine use on mortality in STEMI patients treated with primary PCI
Authors: Domokos Dominika , Szabo Andras , Banhegyi Gyongyver , Major Laszlo , Kiss Robert Gabor , Becker David , Edes Istvan Ferenc , Ruzsa Zoltan , Merkely Bela , Hizoh Istvan
Published: January 2021

Background

Intravenous morphine (MO) decreases the effect of all oral platelet P2Y12 receptor inhibitors in vitro and observational reports suggest that its use may be associated with larger infarct size. Yet, there are limited data available about the impact of this interaction on clinical outcomes. We studied the effect of MO on mortality in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients treated with primary PCI using a prospective registry.

Methods

Of the 1255 patients who underwent primary PCI, 397 received MO based on physician's judgment. Clopidogrel was used as P2Y12 receptor antagonist in all cases. Median follow-up time was 7.5 years with 457 deaths. To adjust for confounding, two propensity score-based procedures were performed: 1 to 1 matching (PSM, 728 cases), and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) retaining data from all patients. Primary outcome measure was time to all-cause death, whereas predischarge left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was used as secondary end point.

Results

An adequate balance on baseline covariates was achieved by both methods. We found no difference in survival as the HR (MO/no MO) was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76–1.26), p = 0.86 using PSM and 1.01 (95% CI: 0.84–1.23), p = 0.88 with IPTW. Likewise, distributions of LVEFs were similar using either methods: with PSM, median LVEFs were 50.0% (interquartile range [IQR]: 43.0%–55.3%) vs 50.0% (IQR: 42.0%–55.0%) in the no MO and MO groups, respectively (p = 0.76), whereas using IPTW, they were 50.0% (IQR: 42.5%–55.0%) vs 50.0% (IQR: 41.0%–55.0%), respectively (p = 0.86).

Conclusions

Our data suggest that morphine use may have no impact on long-term mortality and on predischarge ejection fraction in STEMI patients treated with primary PCI.
Roads and Communication Routes in the South of Western Siberia in the 18th Century in the Coverage of Russian Historiography
Authors: Zaytseva L.G. , Bobrov D.S.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of degree and nature of reflection of the problem of the genesis and evolution of transport communications in the south of Western Siberia in the 18th century in Russian historical research. The source base of the research was the Siberian studies literature of the 18th - early 21st centuries, devoted to or concerning the formation of communication routes in Altai and the Irtysh region, which is chronologically divided into three periods (pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern), the presentation of the last two arranged problem-chronologically. In pre-revolutionary works, information about the region's roads was isolated (sporadic), usually in the context of personal observations of a traveler, calculations of the approximate distance between administrative objects or mentions of existed trade routes. Studies of the Soviet period affected on major overland and water routes, their role in colonization of the territory, and their relationship to population movements. Modern historiography presents some experiences of wide coverage of the history of communication routes in the south of Western Siberia, the region's roads are traditionally considered either as departmental tracks or in the context of expedition itineraries of individual detachments.
From the History of the Development of Public Education in the Russian Empire in the Late 19th - Early 20th Centuries (Illustrated by the Example of Altai)
Authors: Nedzelyuk T.G. , Nikulina I.N. , Potupchik M.N. , Litvinova O.A. , Zhilyakov D.V.
Published: January 2021

The article is dedicated to the history of the development of public education in Altai in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The authors focus on the process of establishing primary and secondary schools and vocational education institutions in the region. Economic processes (the decline of mining production in Altai, the intensification of resettlement processes in the region) and sociocultural changes in the country and the region - the growth of the number of educated people in Siberia and democratization of the education system in the Russian Empire as a whole - are considered as objective conditions for the development of education. The authors show the role of the public in the formation of primary schools in Altai. Speaking about the development of primary education in the region, such as the resettlement process, the authors of the article referred to the analysis of the activities of schools in the context of changing ethnic and religious composition of students and to the characterization of the educational policy of the State with regard to migrants of non-Russian origin. Studying the process of formation of gymnasium education in Altai, the authors focused on the opening of a men's gymnasium in Barnaul, considering that this event became a landmark for the development of the city. According to the authors’ opinion, studying the process of opening this gymnasium makes it possible to understand the dialectic of relations of the state and the society, the center and the regions. The article gives special attention to studying the impact of the military situation on the activities of educational institutions, for solving new tasks operating in wartime. In the end of the article, it was concluded that power institutions pursue utilitarian goals in the implementation of educational policy in remote regions.
Systemic country differences in the European innovation performance - Does institutional context matter?
Authors: Makó Csaba , Illéssy Miklós , Mitchell Brian
Published: January 2021

The so-called "High Performance Working System" (HPWS) and the lean production are representing the theoretical and methodological foundations of this paper. In this relation it is worth making distinction between various theoretical streams of the HPWS. The first theoretical stream in the literature is focusing on the diffusion of the Japanese-style management and organizational practices both in the US and in the Europe. The second theoretical strand comprises the approach of sociology of work and dealing with the learning/innovation capabilities of the new forms of work organization. Finally, the third theoretical approach is addressing on the types of knowledge and learning process and their relations with the innovation capabilities of the firm. The authors’ analysis is based on the international comparison, both in regional and in cross country comparison. For regional comparison the share of ICT clusters in Europe, USA and the rest of the world was assessed. For the purpose of the cross-country comparison in the EU, the innovation performance measured by the index Innovation Union Scoreboard (IUS) was used in both the before and after the financial crisis.
A szabadalmak megkérdőjeleződött hasznossága (Questioned usefulness of patents)
Authors: Szűcs Gergely
Published: January 2021

A cikk a szabadalmak gazdaságban betöltött szerepével, az innovációra és a társadalmi hasznosságra gyakorolt hatásával kapcsolatos fontosabb elméleteket és empirikus kutatásokat foglalja össze. Számos újabb keletű vagy újra aktuálissá vált elmélet vitatja jelenlegi formájában a szabadalmak létjogosultságát. A meglévő empirikus kutatások eredményei is jellemzően azt mutatják, hogy a szabadalmak ugyan betöltik hagyományos szerepüket az innovációk védelmében, de néhány iparág kivételével csak az innovációk kis része esetében nélkülözhetetlenek. Az innovációk nagy része tehát szabadalmak nélkül is megvalósulna, nem feltétlenül lenne szükség minden esetben időleges monopóliumok létrehozására. Az innováció védelmén túlmutató stratégiai szabadalmi motivációk pedig számos olyan negatív hatással járnak, amelyek egyenesen gátolják az innovációs tevékenységet. Konklúzióként a kutatók jellemzően a jelenlegi rendszer reformját, a szabadalmaztatható technológiák körének szűkítését, néhányan pedig a szabadalmi rendszer megszüntetésének megfontolását javasolják. _____ This article summarizes the major theories and findings of empirical researches, regarding the role of patents in the economy and their effects on innovation and social utility. Numerous recent theories along with some reinvigorated older ones question the justification of the patent system. Most empirical studies show that although patents serve their traditional role in protecting innovation, they are not essential for the majority of the innovations in most industries. Most innovations would be generated even without patents and there would be no need for creating temporary monopolies in every case. Next to the protection from imitation, there are strategic motivations for patenting, and some unambiguously have a negative effect on innovative activity. As a conclusion, researchers suggest the reform of the patent system, the restriction of patentable technologies, and some suggest considering the abolishment of the patent system.
Prevalence of Barrett's Esophagus in Female Patients With Scleroderma
Authors: Snyder Diana L. , Crowell Michael D. , Kahn Allon , Griffing W. Leroy , Umar Sarah , Ramirez Francisco C.
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Systemic sclerosis or scleroderma (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease that renders the esophagus prone to significant gastroesophageal reflux due to impaired esophageal clearance and reduced lower esophageal sphincter pressure. The reported prevalence of Barrett's esophagus (BE) in women with SSc varies from 2% to 37% and is derived from older studies with small sample sizes. We aimed to assess the prevalence of BE in a large cohort of women with SSc.

METHODS:

Women with SSc referred from the Mayo Clinic Arizona Rheumatology Clinic who completed esophagogastroduodenoscopy between 2002 and 2020 were included. Demographic and high-resolution manometry data were evaluated. The diagnosis of scleroderma was confirmed by an expert rheumatologist. The BE diagnosis was confirmed by an expert gastrointestinal pathologist.

RESULTS:

There were 235 women with SSc who underwent EGD. High-resolution manometry (HRM) was completed in 172 patients. Women with SSc with BE were significantly more likely to have scleroderma esophagus (absent contractility with hypotensive lower esophageal sphincter) on HRM than women with SSc without BE (P = 0.018). There were 30 patients with SSc (12.8%) with histologically proven BE. Dysplasia was found in 13 (43.3%): 4 with indefinite, 7 with low grade, and 2 with adenocarcinoma. The incidence of any dysplasia was 5.3% per year (0.9% per year for adenocarcinoma).

DISCUSSION:

This the largest study on prevalence of BE in women with SSc, yielding a prevalence of 12.8%. Women with SSc with BE were significantly more likely to have absent contractility with hypotensive lower esophageal sphincter findings on HRM. The high prevalence and incidence of dysplasia found suggest that women with SSc should be included in the screening recommendations for BE.
Real Time Face Recognition based Smart Lab for Energy Conservation
Authors: Karthikeyan M. , Subashini T.S. , Prashanth M.S.
Published: January 2021

Home automation offers a good solution to help conserve our natural resources in a time when we are all becoming more environmentally conscious. Home automation systems can reduce power consumption and when they are not in use automatically turn off lights and appliances. With home automation, many repetitive tasks can be performed automatically or with fewer steps. For example, each time the person gets out of his computer desk, for instance, the fan and the lights need to be turned off and switched on when he comes back to the computer desk. This is a repetitive task, and failure to do so leads to a waste of energy. This paper proposes a security/energy saving system based on face recognition to monitor the fan and lights depending on the presence or absence of the authenticated user. Initially, the authenticated faces/users LBPH (Local Binary Pattern Histogram) features were extracted and modelled using SVM to construct the face profile of all authenticated users. The webcam catches the user's picture before the PC and the Haar-cascade classifier, a profound learning object identification technique is used to identify face objects from the background. The facial recognition techniques were implemented with python and linked to the cloud environment of Ada-Fruit in order to enable or disable the light and fan on the desk. The relay status is transmitted from Ada Fruit Cloud to Arduino Esp8266 using the MQTT Protocol. If the unidentified user in the webcam is detected by this device, the information in the cloud will be set to ' off ' status, allowing light and fan to be switched off. Although Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR) is widely used in home automation systems, PIR sensors detect heat traces in a room, so they are not very sensitive when the room itself is hot. Therefore, in some countries such as INDIA, PIR sensors are unable to detect human beings in the summer. This system is an alternative to commonly used PIR sensors in the home automation process.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Dropbox on Scopus Publication
Authors: Azmi Nor Nashrah , Hussain Azham
Published: January 2021

Having a considered that online storage and sharing has becoming an essential to organised, stay focused and get in sync contents for all team members to enlighten way to work. Dropbox is the world‟s first smart work space which bring content of all team members together whilst letting users use the tool they want. Dropbox was initiated in 2008. Based on the usefulness and benefits of Dropbox, there are many kinds of research has been conducted on this topic. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse the scientific literature and report various types of published documents related to the Dropbox based on the data obtained from the Scopus Database by using Perish software to combine the obtained data, VOS Viewer Software to visualize the obtained data and Microsoft Excel to analysis the obtained data analysis. As of 27thApril 2020, there are 506 documents were retrieved and analysed based on the „key words‟ search result thru database. By using standard bibliometric indicators, this paper reports the documents types, source types, publication years, language of publications, subject area, most active source title, keywords, distribution of publications by countries, authorship, text analysis, most active institutions and citation analysis. As the result show that 1) 81% of the articles were published in conferences proceedings and journals articles. 2) 91% of the articles were published in English. 3) There is an increased growth rate of literature on Dropbox since 1985. However, the growth rate is slightly lower from 2016 until 2018. 4) Computer Science is the most popular subject category with respect to the frequency of citations, Halevi, Harnik, Pinkas and Shulman-Peleg (2011)‟s article appears as the most cited paper with an average of 30.44 citations per year. 5) Keywords of the Digital Storage, Cloud Storages and Cloud Computing were the top three keywords used in the database which represented the main areas of about Dropbox. 6) An analysis by country, The United States (US) is first country published most articles about Dropbox with 138 (27.27%).Meanwhile, 6) a total of 446 (88.14%) articles were published as multi-authored with a mean index of 3.55 authors per paper. Therefore, this research reviews of Dropbox published articles and delivers details of growth of Drop box for these35 years. This may help in potential directions or reference for future research.
Bibliometric Analysis of Published Literature on e-Wallet
Authors: Sugu Rajeshkumar , Hussain Azham
Published: January 2021

The term e-wallet were introduced way back in 1990. First documents regarding e-wallet published in 1995. The research on e-wallet rises drastically after 2017 whereby most people get exposure to the advantages of e-wallet. Banks in Malaysia start offering e-wallet services and e-wallet account since 2018. Thus, the plan of this investigation is analyzing the literature published in the field of e-wallet which are listed in Scopus. The data were exported from Scopus using various methods. Publish or Perish software used to calculate Citation metrics, VOS Viewer used to visualize the data to show the relationship. One of the main tools used is Microsoft Excel to perform data analysis. Standard bibliometric analysis method applied. Based on the search on Scopus, 127 documents were founded in the database, majority of the documents published in English, the number of publications increases after year 2017. One of the main keywords used in the field of e-wallet are digital payment and electronic wallet. Most research related to e-wallet conducted in India while the most cited paper is from France. This study helps to present the development of the scientific literature in e-wallet and helps to identify areas and trends of current research which will lead to potential future research.
СВОЄ / ЧУЖЕ: ПРОБЛЕМА ОКРЕСЛЕННЯ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ В ПРОЗІ НАТАЛІ КОБРИНСЬКОЇ
Authors: Борисюк Ірина
Published: January 2021

The relevance of the article stems from the demand for rethinking Natalia Kobrynska’s prose and therefore her position in the Ukrainian literary canon. On the one hand, Kobrynska’s artistic searches reflect the development path of fin de siècle Ukrainian literature (realistic and modernist writing). On the other hand, some issues and themes in Kobrynska`s prose are actually ahead of her time (conceptualizing the Other, identity construction through power discourses, interrelation of power and knowledge, Kobrynska`s writing ecological impulses and so on). The paper was written within the framework of identity studies; the key issue is the tension between a construction and a choice. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate that Kobrynska’s characters’ identity is the result of their choices rather than their belonging to society. To conclude, Kobrynska has discovered the most appropriate ways of representation of society’s members at the time in which social relations collapse and emergence.
WSPÓŁCZESNY DRAMAT UKRAIŃSKI WOBEC WOJNY: NA PRZYKŁADZIE SZTUKI NATALII WOROŻBYT ZŁE DROGI
Authors: MOSKWIN ANDRIEJ
Published: January 2021

The subject of this study is the play Bad roads (2017) written by the Ukrainian playwright Natalya Vorozhbit. The text was commissioned by the Royal Court Theatre (London). It was also staged in Kiev and received the award for “Best Direction” (Tamara Trunova, GRA Festival, 2019). The action in the drama takes place during the war in eastern Ukraine in 2014-2016. The writer visited these areas and conducted many interviews. In Bad roads N. Vorozhbit focuses not on warfare but on the catastrophic impact of war on everyday life. The author is interested in how war damages the human mentality and psyche, how it influences building interpersonal relationships in new conditions, how war produces the desire to hurt people close to us, as well as unfamiliar ones, and how it affects the formation of intimate relationships. It is significant that an important role in the drama was intended for women and aspects such as love, sex and erotic feelings. The author of the publication focuses on the three most important problems raised in the text: violence, trauma and the creation of a hero (first glorification and then de-heroisation).
The structures of the GH13_36 amylases from Eubacterium rectale and Ruminococcus bromii reveal subsite architectures that favor maltose production
Authors: Cockburn Darrell W. , Cerqueira Filipe M. , Bahr Constance , Koropatkin Nicole M
Published: January 2021

Bacteria in the human gut including Ruminococcus bromii and Eubacterium rectale encode starch-active enzymes that dictate how these bacteria interact with starch to initiate a metabolic cascade that leads to increased butyrate. Here, we determined the structures of two predicted secreted glycoside hydrolase 13 subfamily 36 (GH13_36) enzymes: ErAmy13B complexed with maltotetraose from E. rectale and RbAmy5 from R. bromii. The structures show a limited binding pocket extending from –2 through +2 subsites with limited possibilities for substrate interaction beyond this, which contributes to the propensity for members of this family to produce maltose as their main product. The enzyme structures reveal subtle differences in the +1/+2 subsites that may restrict the recognition of larger starch polymers by ErAmy13B. Our bioinformatic analysis of the biochemically characterized members of the GH13_36 subfamily, which includes the cell-surface GH13 SusG from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, suggests that these maltogenic amylases (EC 3.2.1.133) are usually localized to the outside of the cell, display a range of substrate preferences, and most likely contribute to maltose liberation at the cell surface during growth on starch. A broader comparison between GH13_36 and other maltogenic amylase subfamilies explain how the activity profiles of these enzymes are influenced by their structures.
Toys for Conviviality. Situating Commoning, Computation and Modelling
Authors: Savic Selena , Bedö Viktor , Büsse Michaela , Martins Yann , Miyazaki Shintaro
Published: January 2021

This article explores the use of agent-based modelling as a critical and playful form of engagement with cooperative housing organizations. Because of its inherent complexities vis-à-vis decision-making, commoning is a well-suited field of study to explore the potential of humanities-driven experimental design (media) research to provoke critical reflection, problem-finding and productive complication. By introducing two different agent-based models, the interdisciplinary research team discusses their experience with setting up parameters for modelling, their implications, and the possibilities and limits of employing modelling techniques as a basis for decision-making. While it shows that modelling can be helpful in detecting long-term results of decisions or testing out effects of unlikely yet challenging events, modelling might act as a discursive practice uncovering hidden assumptions inherent in the model setup and generating an increase of scientific uncertainty. The project “ThinkingToys for Commoning” thus argues for a critical modelling practice and culture, in which models act as toys for probing alternative modes of living together and exploring the constructedness of methods. In countering late forms of capitalism, the resulting situated and critical practice provides avenues for enabling more self-determined forms of governance.
Representations of Black Masculinity in Oscar Micheaux’s Silent Film Within Our Gates
Authors: Chenini Fatma
Published: January 2021

My paper focuses on studying the representations of black masculinity in the Harlem Renaissance’s discourse, and investigates how these representations challenged the limited, reductive and one-dimensional stereotypes which were adopted and further disseminated by the popular culture of the time. To do so, I will analyze a number of black male characters depicted in the silent film, Within Our Gates (1920), of the African American filmmaker Oscar Micheaux.
Subtitling for the Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Audience in Romania
Authors: Nicolae Cristina
Published: January 2021

The present article analyses the issue of subtitling for the d/Deaf and hard-of-hearing audience in Romania, or more accurately put, the need for SDH services and the (postponed) implementation (on a large scale) of such projects that would pursue audience accessibility while following national and international regulations. At the same time, we detail on a selection of specific features of SDH, in both intralingual and interlingual parametres of television services.
Estimation of the level of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in patients with coronary artery disease in the presence of some risk factors
Authors: Abdullah Feyan , Al-Barzinj Ruqaya
Published: January 2021

Background and objective: Coronary artery disease is a chronic inflammatory disease in which many risk factors and inflammatory mediators, including macrophage migration inhibitory factor, are involved. This study aimed to estimate macrophage migration inhibitory factor level in coronary artery disease patients in regard to age, gender, and smoking. Methods: A total of 138 coronary artery disease patients and 38 coronary artery disease free control subjects were admitted to surgical specialty hospital-cardiac center in Erbil city, Iraq between January and December 2017. Plasma macrophage migration inhibitory factor concentration was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Patients and controls were categorized into subgroups according to age (<55 and ≥55 years), gender (women and men), and smoking status (smokers and non-smokers). Macrophage migration inhibitory factor level in every coronary artery disease subgroup (age, gender, and smokers) patients increased significantly compared to the same control subgroups (P <0.05). Macrophage migration inhibitory factor level showed a higher level in coronary artery disease patients subgroups (≥55 years, female, smokers) compared to their corresponding coronary artery disease subgroups (<55 years, male, and non smokers). Macrophage migration inhibitory factor demonstrated a significant positive correlation with fibrinogen and high sensitivity C-reactive protein, insignificant positive correlation with age, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and insignificant negative correlation with high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P >0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the diagnostic value of macrophage migration inhibitory factor elevation in coronary artery disease patients if compared with coronary artery disease free subjects, meanwhile suggesting that age, gender, and smoking had no direct role in macrophage migration inhibitory factor elevation considering their secondary minor contributions in macrophage migration inhibitory factor circulation. Keywords: Coronary; Macrophage; Age; Gender; Smoking.
Neural Population Dynamics Underlying Expected Value Computation
Authors: Yamada Hiroshi , Imaizumi Yuri , Matsumoto Masayuki
Published: January 2021

Computation of expected values (i.e., probability × magnitude) seems to be a dynamic integrative process performed by the brain for efficient economic behavior. However, neural dynamics underlying this computation is largely unknown. Using lottery tasks in monkeys (Macaca mulatta, male;Macaca fuscata, female), we examined (1) whether four core reward-related brain regions detect and integrate probability and magnitude cued by numerical symbols and (2) whether these brain regions have distinct dynamics in the integrative process. Extraction of the mechanistic structure of neural population signals demonstrated that expected value signals simultaneously arose in the central orbitofrontal cortex (cOFC; medial part of area 13) and ventral striatum (VS). Moreover, these signals were incredibly stable compared with weak and/or fluctuating signals in the dorsal striatum and medial OFC. Temporal dynamics of these stable expected value signals were unambiguously distinct: sharp and gradual signal evolutions in the cOFC and VS, respectively. These intimate dynamics suggest that the cOFC and VS compute the expected values with unique time constants, as distinct, partially overlapping processes.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur results differ from those of earlier studies suggesting that many reward-related regions in the brain signal probability and/or magnitude and provide a mechanistic structure for expected value computation employed in multiple neural populations. A central part of the orbitofrontal cortex (cOFC) and ventral striatum (VS) can simultaneously detect and integrate probability and magnitude into an expected value. Our empirical study on these neural population dynamics raises a possibility that the cOFC and VS cooperate on this computation with unique time constants as distinct, partially overlapping processes.
Covert Attention Increases the Gain of Stimulus-Evoked Population Codes
Authors: Foster Joshua J. , Thyer William , Wennberg Janna W. , Awh Edward
Published: January 2021

Covert spatial attention has a variety of effects on the responses of individual neurons. However, relatively little is known about the net effect of these changes on sensory population codes, even though perception ultimately depends on population activity. Here, we measured the EEG in human observers (male and female), and isolated stimulus-evoked activity that was phase-locked to the onset of attended and ignored visual stimuli. Using an encoding model, we reconstructed spatially selective population tuning functions from the pattern of stimulus-evoked activity across the scalp. Our EEG-based approach allowed us to measure very early visually evoked responses occurring ∼100 ms after stimulus onset. In Experiment 1, we found that covert attention increased the amplitude of spatially tuned population responses at this early stage of sensory processing. In Experiment 2, we parametrically varied stimulus contrast to test how this effect scaled with stimulus contrast. We found that the effect of attention on the amplitude of spatially tuned responses increased with stimulus contrast, and was well described by an increase in response gain (i.e., a multiplicative scaling of the population response). Together, our results show that attention increases the gain of spatial population codes during the first wave of visual processing.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe know relatively little about how attention improves population codes, even though perception is thought to critically depend on population activity. In this study, we used an encoding-model approach to test how attention modulates the spatial tuning of stimulus-evoked population responses measured with EEG. We found that attention multiplicatively scales the amplitude of spatially tuned population responses. Furthermore, this effect was present within 100 ms of stimulus onset. Thus, our results show that attention improves spatial population codes by increasing their gain at this early stage of processing.
Hawaiian seascapes and landscapes: reconstructing elements of a Polynesian ecological knowledge system
Authors: Thomson Lex A.J. , Geraghty Paul A. , Wilson William H.
Published: January 2021

Kaute and its derivatives koute, ʻoute and ʻaute are Polynesian names for a red-flowered Hibiscus. Since its first botanical collection on Tahiti by Banks and Solander (1769), this hibiscus has been referred to as H. rosa-sinensis L. and assumed to have been introduced by the bearers of the archaeological culture known as Lapita. Lapita people settled West Polynesia around 2800 BP and spoke a language derived from Proto-Oceanic, the common ancestor of almost all the Austronesian languages of Island Melanesia and Micronesia as well as Polynesia. However, whereas Proto-Oceanic names can be reconstructed for many plants found in East Polynesia, the term kaute cannot be attributed to Proto-Oceanic, the name likely being locally derived in East Polynesia from that of paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L’Hér. ex Vent.). On the basis of linguistic evidence, we contend that kaute was domesticated in a high island area of Central Eastern Polynesia and then dispersed in relatively recent pre-European times (ca. 500–700 BP) westwards through West Polynesia, to nearby islands such as the Fiji archipelago and Rotuma and to Polynesian Outliers in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Dissemination occurred before the -au- sequence changed to -ou- and k sporadically changed to ʻ, so that kaute rather than contemporary Marquesan koute and ʻoute was the term that was carried westward from the Marquesas. Kaute is here suggested to be an endemic East Polynesian species, different from H. rosa-sinensis L. Further field and genetic research is needed to definitively determine the phylogenetic relationships of kaute and a taxonomic description is required for formal recognition.
Managing Human Resources Management Policies in a Private Hospital and its Impact on Work-Life Balance and Employee Engagement
Authors: Luturlean Bachruddin Saleh , Witjara Edi , Prasetio Arif Partono , Adhanissa Salsa
Published: January 2021

This study examines the role of human resources practice in enhancing work-life balance and engagement. We try to identify how are employees manage their work and life with the help of an organization to achieve stronger engagement. Data obtained by distributing a questionnaire to 200 employees from a private hospital in Banyuwangi. The collection of the questionnaire took 45 days and we have 113 useable responses. The technique used is mediation analysis using bootstrapping analysis. The results showed there is a positive effect of human resource practice on work-life balance. Both variables have a positive effect on employee engagement. Through the mediation analysis, it is known that work-life balance acts as mediation in the relationship between human resource practices and the level of employee involvement. Future studies can expand the participants from other hospitals in Banyuwangi or East Java.