bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ATTRACTION OF ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF FINANCING TO DEVELOP THE OBJECTS OF A CONCESSION AGREEMENT BASED ON THE USE OF DIGITAL FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Authors:   Rostov Branch of the Russian Customs Academy, Mishchenko O. A.
Published: January 2022

Being an actual and promising direction of economic development in Russia, directly related to the country’s infrastructure facilities, concession activity attracts increasing interest from investors. Concession activity is an activity on the state assets management and their operation. The attraction of additional sources of financing for the development of concession objects is the more prospective and less risky area for investors as the share of the issue of concession bonds increases each year within the entire structure of bonds emitted in Russia. The paper deals with the applied aspects of using digital technologies in the concession activity. The author considered the approach to the creation of a digital eco-environment aimed at the interaction of the state, a concession holder, and investors. Digital financial assets and financial technologies are the core of the digital eco-environment. According to the author, the creation of a digital eco-environment in a company-concession holder can become an additional possibility of traditional attraction of investments to its development due to its flexibility and new technologies. The author justifies the possibility of the development and introduction of digital technologies in the concession holder’s activity to increase the investors’ interest in the financing of this sphere. The use of a blockchain platform and a smart-contract system will allow automating the process of concluding and fulfilling contractual obligations to finance a concession project. The author concludes that this direction will give the possibility to the companies performing concession activity to increase the investors’ interest in the development of important social and infrastructure facilities of the country, and new digital technologies will allow managing, controlling, and reducing costs when carrying out digital transactions.
THE ANALYSIS OF EFFECTIVENESS OF ON-SITE TAX AUDITS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, Chuzhmarova S. I. , Zvereva E. N. ,   Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, Chuzhmarova A. A. ,   Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University
Published: January 2022

In economic literature, the analysis of the effectiveness of on-site tax audits is underrepresented both with regard to the economic and mathematical calculation and within the behavioral context. On-site tax audits, as one of the forms of tax management, affect budget incomes and expenditures. Effective audits promote budget replenishment. Ineffective audits cause budget expenditures for their execution without fiscal payoff. The study aimed at the development of a technique and using it for the analysis of the effectiveness of on-site tax audits in the Russian Federation. The analysis of normative base, statistical tax reporting, and summation of the practice of on-site tax audits formed the basis for the proposed technique of analysis of the effectiveness of on-site tax audits. The analysis technique is characterized by the revised structure of criteria, dynamic and static parameters. The authors determined and considered in real-time the percentage of on-site tax audits, which identified violations of law; carried out the analysis of payments additionally accrued according to the results of on-site tax audits. The study identified and analyzed in real-time the effectiveness of one on-site tax audit, as well as the ratio of payments additionally accrued according to the results of on-site and desktop tax audits. The authors analyzed the transformation of the structure of on-site tax audits. The paper proposes organizational ways of improvement of the effectiveness of on-site tax audits: the development of electron interaction of tax authorities and taxpayers with possible temporary access to tax and accounting reports and other documents, implementation of digital control of tax bases at the stage of pre-inspection analysis; the expanding of welcoming face-to-face and remote contacts with taxpayers as the participants of the process of the national economy development.
THE INFLUENCE OF METHOD AND TEMPERATURE OF ION-PLASMA TREATMENT ON PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SURFACE LAYERS IN AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL
Authors:   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Zagibalova E. A. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Moskvina V. A. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Mayer G. G. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2022

Ion-plasma saturation with interstitial atoms (nitrogen or carbon) is a promising method for enhancing the surface strength and wear resistance of austenitic stainless steel parts and products. The paper considers the influence of method and temperature of ion-plasma treatment (IPT) on phase composition, thickness, and strength properties (microhardness) of the surface layers in 01H17N13M3 austenitic stainless steel specimens. Steel specimens with a coarse-grained structure were nitrided in the arc and glow discharge plasma at different temperatures (400 °C, 550 °C, and 700 °C). Regardless of temperature and IPT-method, ion-plasma nitriding leads to the formation of hardened surface layers in steel specimens. In this case, the thickness and phase composition of IPT-hardened layers depend on both the method and temperature of nitriding. Nitrogen saturation of specimen surfaces in the glow discharge at a temperature of 400 °C promotes the formation of a thin S-phase layer (nitrogen-expanded austenite, 4 μm in thickness). At the same IPT temperature in the arc discharge plasma, the authors observed the formation of a heterophase (Fe-γN, Fe4N, CrN, and Fe-α) surface layer with a significantly greater thickness (40–45 μm). Regardless of the IPT-method, a saturation of specimens at temperatures of 550 °C and 700 °C is accompanied by the formation of thick heterophase hardened layers (40–60 μm). In this case, the IPT method has a negligible effect on the phase composition of layers but significantly affects the ratio of the volume content of the hardened phases. After being IPT-processed in different modes, the microhardness distribution profile for all specimens has three typical zones: a composite layer (or S-phase at the IPT in a glow discharge at Ta=400 °C), a diffusion zone, and a matrix. With an increase in the saturation temperature, the thickness of the transition diffusion zone increases regardless of the IPT method.
RESIADUAL STRESS RELAXATION IN DECAHEDRAL PARTICLES THROUGH THE FORMATION OF A CENTRAL SPHERICAL VOID
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Krasnitsky S. A. , Kolesnikova A. L. ,   Institute of Problems of Mechanical Engineering of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gutkin M. Yu. ,   Institute of Problems of Mechanical Engineering of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Romanov A. E. ,   ITMO University
Published: January 2022

Small metal particles with a body-centered crystal lattice (BCC) often take the form of polyhedrons with fifth-order symmetry axes such as the icosahedron, decahedron, and pentagonal prism. The quintic symmetry axes, forbidden by the traditional crystallography laws, cause inhomogeneous elastic stress and strain in these particles. Under certain conditions, these stress and strain could relax through the change in the particle structure: the formation of partial and perfect dislocations, misfit layers, and the nucleation of cracks and voids. Within the quasi-equilibrium energy approach, the authors proposed a theoretical model of residual stress relaxation in decahedral particles due to the formation of a central spherical void. The explicit analytical expressions for energies of solid and hollow decahedral particles are found. The elastic energy of a hollow decahedral particle is defined as the work spent on the nucleation of a positive wedge disclination with the power ω≈0.0163 rad (≈7°20') in the elastic spherical shell under its own stress field. The authors determined the change in the surface energy due to the formation of a void considering the influence of the relaxation effect of the first coordination sphere surrounding the vacancy on the particle volume change. The energy change of decahedral particles during the formation of a spherical void is calculated and the optimal and critical parameters of this process are determined. The study shows that there some critical radius of a particle, if reached the formation of the central spherical void becomes energetically favorable. Moreover, the study shows that a pore germ will grow until it reaches a certain optimal size corresponding to the greatest change in the system energy. The numerical calculations correspond with experimental observations of unstable voids in the rather small silver and gold decahedral particles with the diameter of 30–40 nm and stable voids in relatively large copper decahedral particles with the diameter of ~1 μm.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF STRUCTURAL-PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS AND HARDENING DURING SHEAR DEFORMATION UNDER PRESSURE OF HIGH-NITROGEN STEEL WITH AUSTENITIC-FERRITIC STRUCTURE OF METAL MATRIX
Authors:   M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Luchko S. N. , Makarov A. V. ,   M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Volkova E. G. ,   M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2022

The increased anticorrosive, strength, tribological, and physical characteristics are the specific features of steels with high nitrogen content. Searching for the ways to strengthen high-nitrogen steels is a promising area of contemporary metal science. Heat treatment is one of the methods of hardening nitrogen steels as a result of precipitation hardening with nitride particles. The authors studied the influence of short-term high-temperature aging and large plastic deformations implemented by shear under the pressure of 8 GPa (SP method) on Bridgman anvils (three revolutions of anvils with the rotation velocity of 0.3 rev/min) at room temperature on the structural-phase transformations and micromechanical properties of the 08H22GA1.24 high-nitrogen steel with the mixed γ (austenite) +  (ferrite) metal matrix structure. The study identified that aging (0.5 h) at the temperature of 650 °С of steel quenched at the temperature from 1180 °С causes the formation of the mixed austenitic-ferritic structure of metal matrix in the ratio of 50 vol. % of  and 50 vol. % of α and the release of extended secondary Cr2N chromium nitrides, together with ferrite interlayers forming the areas with the pearlite-like structure. These areas cause the increased microhardness of steel with the austenitic-ferritic matrix structure (385±8 HV 0.025) compared to one of steel aged at the temperature of 550 °С (0.5 h) and having an austenitic matrix structure strengthened with secondary CrN nitrides (364±8 HV 0.025). The SP deformation of steel aged at the temperature of 650 °С (0.5 h) with the initial ++Cr2N structure leads to →ʹ transformation and the formation of submicro- and nanocrystalline structures. It causes the effective strength improvement of steel (up to 900±29 HV 0.025) and the growth of resistance to elastoplastic deformation compared to aged at the temperature of 550 °C (0.5 h) condition.
THE STUDY OF TEMPERATURES IN A TUNGSTEN ELECTRODE AT REVERSE POLARITY ARCING
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Sidorov V. P. , Sovetkin D. E. ,   Togliatti State University
Published: January 2022

The paper considers the features of energy release in a tungsten electrode under the reverse polarity TIG welding. The study substantiates the statement that the chemical composition of an electrode does not significantly affect the transfer of anode power to it. The specific effective power of an electrode is substantiated and taken as 6 W/A. The authors analyzed the features of arcing on the flat tip of a 3 mm diameter electrode using high-speed video. The analysis identified that at limiting currents ensuring tip melting, the tip heating is uniform over the cross-section. As a design scheme, the authors selected a continuous flat heat source on the semi-infinite rod surface with surface heat transfer. The authors obtained averaged values for volumetric heat capacity сρ=3.2 J/(cm3∙°С) and heat transfer coefficient а=0.3 cm2/s. The current at which the tip melting temperature is reached was taken as a limiting current. Using the limiting current value and start time of the electrode tip melting, the authors calculated the electrode heat transfer coefficient value b. The calculated melting depth for the over-limiting current welding mode showed good coincidence with an experiment. The authors recalculated the b value for the electrodes of 4-, 5-, and 6-mm diameter and calculated limiting currents for these diameters. The design limiting currents for these diameters also showed good coincidence with experimental results. The study showed that the increase of a coefficient up to 0.4 cm2/s does not cause changes in temperature and limiting currents at simultaneous сρ adjustment according to the constant thermal and physical properties сρа0.5. As a result, the authors obtained temperature dependencies for the electrode over time and length. Time dependence of the electrode tip heating allows calculating limiting currents with the decrease in arcing time.
THE STUDY OF MECHANICAL DEFORMATION RESISTANCE OF α-Ga2O3 EPITAXIAL LAYERS USING THE NANOINDENTATION TECHNIQUE
Authors:   Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Guzilova L. I. , Grashchenko A. S. ,   Institute of Problems of Mechanical Engineering of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolaev V. I. ,   Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2022

Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) is a wide-band semiconducting material with an energy gap width Eg=4.8–5.0 eV, high conductivity (λ~10.9–27.0 W/(m·K)), and radiation and chemical resistance. Its energy gap width and conductivity allow in the future using the material in the structures of power equipment and optoelectronic devices to increase their energy performance, i.e. to decrease heating and increase productive capacity. Radiation resistance, high breakdown field, and optical asymmetry of Ga2O3 make it attractive for application when designing UV-photoelectric receivers and space systems. The electrical and optical properties of Ga2O3 are amply studied, but there are no systematic data on its physical and mechanical properties (hardness, Young’s modulus, and crack resistance). The paper investigated the deformation in α-Ga2O3 epitaxial layers during nanoindentation. For indentation, the authors used NanoTest (Micro Materials Ltd.) hardness meter. The surface (0001) of α-Ga2O3 crystalline layers produced in the process of chloride gas epitaxy on sapphire (Al2O3) substrates with basic (0001) orientation was investigated. For the first time, the authors experimentally obtained the values of α-Ga2O3 hardness and Young’s modulus using the Oliver-Farr method. The dependences of the indentation load on the penetration depth demonstrated the deviation from linearity, including stress relaxation coming from the pop-in phenomenon. The average values of nanohardness H and Young’s modulus E were 17 and 281 GPa, respectively. The obtained H and E values demonstrate higher characteristics compared to the formerly studied β-Ga2O3 epitaxial layers. This discrepancy can be explained by the more close-packed arrangement of the α-Ga2O3 structure (the corundum type) than one of monoclinic β-Ga2O3. The study shows that α-Ga2O3 leaves the majority of semiconducting materials behind in its mechanical properties conceding only to gallium nitride (GaN) and sapphire (Al2O3)
Reactive improvement of environmental policies: lessons from the Mariana and Brumadinho disasters
Authors: Braga Michelle Cristina dos Reis , Fonseca Alberto de Freitas Castro
Published: January 2022

The State is not always able to proactively improve environmental policies. Eventually, policy improvements are a result of disasters that expose pre-existing problems. This situation is reflected in the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil), where, after the failures of the Fundão and B1 tailings dam, in Mariana and Brumadinho, several problems in dam safety and emergency policies were exposed. This study had a twofold objective: 1) to identify the mechanisms used by the government of Minas Gerais to improve environmental policies, and 2) to understand how the Mariana and Brumadinho’s disasters affected dam safety and emergency policies. Based on semi-structured interviews and regulatory analysis, the study revealed that the state government of Minas Gerais has been predominantly reactive in controlling environmental policies. Additionally, it was observed that the disasters catalysed a learning process that culminated in potentially better dam safety policies.
Land use and land cover changes in São Paulo Macro Metropolis and implications for water resilience under climate change
Authors: Gonçalves Demerval , Sousa Júnior Wilson Cabral , Londe Luciana de Resende , Coutinho Marcos Pellegrini , Mendes Filho Walter Manoel
Published: January 2022

The São Paulo Macro Metropolis (MMP) is a geographical arrangement that brings together the most significant Brazilian socioeconomic figures and faces numerous challenges, such as heavy pressure on natural resources. Through compilation, spatialization and cross-referencing of data, this work assessed time series of land use and land cover of the last decades, the water supply status in an urban environment and climate data projection for MMP. Municipalities with different profiles were identified: those with positive final balances and those with negative final balances about the maintenance of their natural areas. Furthermore, more than half of the municipalities of the MMP have low water supply assurance, which can be aggravated due to climate change, as predicted in several climate models. The characterization of municipalities based on this information allowed identifying which of them are the most vulnerable, and these results indicate paths for coordinated actions at local and regional levels to increase water resilience in the macro-region.
Scenarios for oil palm expansion in degraded and deforested lands in the Brazilian Amazon to meet biodiesel demand
Authors: Carvalho Carolina Monteiro de , Iwama Allan Yu , La Rovere Emilio
Published: January 2022

Palm oil production for biodiesel in Brazil is characterized by its high productivity in some environmental conditions, under the Sustainable Palm Oil Production Program. The program seeks to avoid deforestation for oil palm cultivation, recover degraded lands, and focus on social inclusion and family farming. This paper assesses the possible socio-environmental impacts of the expansion of palm oil until 2030, focusing on land-use change and impacts. Land-use data came from the TerraClass initiative for the analysis of degraded forests using geoprocessing. We produced two oil expansion scenarios. The first one reflects current trends in palm oil production expansion and deforestation in Pará State (S1). The second one considers the exclusive use of deforested/degraded land for oil palm crops (S2). The results demonstrate that degraded/deforested land in the current palm oil-producing municipalities is only sufficient for the projected level of expansion for 2020, requiring a stronger public policy to recover degraded areas for oil palm cultivation with social inclusion of family farming.
Assessment of photovoltaic generation, supply, and sustainability: a case study of municipalities in São Paulo state
Authors: Martin Nilo Amaral , Martins Antonio Cesar Germano
Published: January 2022

Energy consumption has been increasing together with population growth and the consequences for energy production widely generate discussions under the aspect of environmental outcome and supply reliability and quality. This paper proposes a methodology that allows the estimation of the potential for cities to be more independent in terms of centralized generation and distribution of electricity considering photovoltaic sources. Sustainability and environmental performance are also discussed. The methodology aims to assess some municipalities in the São Paulo state. The results showed high potential for photovoltaic supply in those municipalities under the considered conditions indicating the possibility for structuring a decentralized generation model where cities would be more independent in electricity supply. Implementing the required photovoltaic systems would return the energy consumed during their life cycle in a relatively short period compared to their expected lifetime.
Land Degradation Due To Mining: The Gunda Scenario
Authors: Mbaya Rejoice Paul
Published: January 2022

Several studies have been carried out on the effects of mining on the environment, these have been characterized by landscape devastation, deforestation, it has also exposed the land to both wind and water erosion, water pollution and other environmental hazards which poses threat to humans in diverse ways. The study is set out to examine land degradation due to mining in Gunda area of Biu plateau with emphasis on the landscape. Both primary and secondary data were used. The nature of the environment such as destruction to the landscape, lost in vegetation cover, scattered open pits, alteration of water courses etc were all considered. One of the findings revealed that mining has led to the discovery of diatomite in the pits along stream channels which they use locally for painting purposes in building. The findings further revealed that reclamation work may not likely take place soon, because there are no economic returns from it. The study therefore, recommended among others, that reclamation be encouraged by using some of the pits for wastes disposal with farm and household residues so as to refill it especially those on farmlands, also measures should be taken by the inhabitants in restoring back the altered stream channels to their former glory by filling the cuts.
Exsolution Lamellae in Orthopyroxene of Lherzolite from the Pauza Ultramafic Rocks, Ne Iraq: Evidence of Deep Mantle Signature in the Zagros Suture Zone
Authors: Mohammad Yousif Osman , Aziz Nabaz Rashid Hama
Published: January 2022

The Pauza ultramafic body is part of Upper Cretaceous Ophiolitic massifs of the Zagros Suture Zone, NE Iraq. The present study reveals evidence of Ultra-high pressure (UHP), and deep mantle signature of these peridotites in the Zagros Suture Zone throughout the observation of backscattered images and micro analyses which have been performed on orthopyroxen crystals in lherzolite of Pauza ultramafic rocks.Theorthopyroxen shows abundant exsolution lamellae of coarse unevenly distributed clinopyroxene coupled with the submicron uniformly distributed needles of Cr-spinel. The observed clusters of Opx–Cpx–Spl represent the decompression products of pyrope-rich garnet produced as a result of the transition from ultra-high pressure garnet peridotite to low-pressure spinel peridotite (LP). Neoblastic olivine (Fo92 – 93) with abundant multi-form Cr- spinel inclusions occurs as a fine-grained aggregate around orthopyroxene, whereas coarse olivine (Fo90-91) free from chromian-spinel is found in matrix. The similarity of the Cr-spinel lamellae orientations in both olivine and orthopyroxene, moreover, the enrichments of both Cr and Fe3+ in the Cr-spinel inclusions in neoblastic olivine relative to Cr-spinel lamellae in orthopyroxene, suggest that spinel inclusions in olivine have been derived from former Cr-spinel lamellae in orthopyroxene. Neoblastic olivine is formed by reaction of silica-poor ascending melt and orthopyroxene. It is inferred that the olivines with multi-form spinel inclusions has been formed by incongruent melting of pre-existing spinel lamellae-rich orthopyroxene.
Resolving Optimum Magnetic Signatures for Drill-Hole Targeting in Gold Exploration – A Case Study for Mbudzane in Gwanda, Zimbabwe
Authors: Hlatywayo Dumisani John , Sakala Emmanuel
Published: January 2022

Optimum magnetic signatures for drill-hole targeting in gold exploration in Mbudzane were resolved from induced polarisation-resistivity and magnetic anomalies. Total magnetic field and a gold-in-soil map showed the area is magnetically quiet with high anomalous values along old gold workings. Induced polarisation was carried out along a grid for lines of 500m length, 50m separation and a baseline oriented at 330˚. The survey comprised a gradient array and three real sections. The magnetic survey was conducted over the same grid as the induced polarisation. Stations were set at 5m intervals for a line spacing of 50m. The results show intense anomalies that suggest different degrees of magnetic alteration and a set of conjugate lineaments and faults that possibly control the mineralisation in Mbudzane. The tilt derivative of the reduced-to-pole image resolves the separation between anomalies, giving information on the faulting. High chargeability is confined to the sheared and silicified mafic schist. The gradient resistivity image revealed contact between rock formations. Real section IP shows coincident low chargeability – low resistivity anomalies close to the surface. Chargeability intensity increases with depth, suggesting incipient development of disseminated sulphide replacement zones. A strong correlation between ground magnetic inferred contacts and apparent resistivity-chargeability anomalies forms the basis for suggesting a new drill-hole targeting. They dictate both the depth and angle at which drilling should be carried out. These results should be applicable to any region where drill-hole targeting in gold exploration may be required.
Application of Fractal Geometry to Study the Geological Structure of the Zarin Plain (Plain Razak)
Authors: Nia Khadijeh Faridi , Teymoorian Asghar , Babaei Mojtaba
Published: January 2022

One of the most important steps to obtain the specified density Bouguer anomaly corrections for the topography of the page Bouguer is the most commonly used way in which the relationship between topography and Bouguer anomaly in the method assumes that topography of the rigid shell instead Isoztasi balance is maintained. The method to determine the density of Bouguer provided by fractal analyze these are the lowest density dependence the topography of the area is considered as the optimal density and the fractal relationship to the topography of the fractal dimension using the Bouguer anomaly.
Micro Biostratigraphy and Lithostratigraphy of the Upper Permian Dalan Formation (Zagros Basin, Southwest Iran)
Authors: Rafiee Pedram , Baghbani Dariush , Aghanabati Ali , Arian Mehran
Published: January 2022

The objective of the present study is to perform Microbiostratigraphy and Lithostratigraphy of the Upper Permian Dalan Formation at a Well (Well 1) in the Zagros Basin. The Upper Permian Dalan Formation contains vast gas reservoirs in the southwest Iran and is composed of three Members: The Lower Dalan Member corresponds to Wordian to Capitanian; the Nar Member is latest Capitanian and the Upper Dalan Member corresponds to Wuchiapingian to Changhsingian. Lower and Upper Dalan Members include mainly limestone, dolomitic limestone and Nar member mostly consists of anhydrite and thin interlayer of dolomite. The biostratigraphic study allows individualizing Foraminifers from the Wordian to the Changhsingian (Middle to Late Permian). Based on the stratigraphic distributions of the Biostratigraphically significant fauna and flora the following 7 biozones and age determinations are proposed in the Upper Permian Dalan Formation: 7. Paraglobivalvulinoides septulifera zone (Changhsingian) 6. Paradagmarita zone (Changhsingian) 5. Rectostipulina zone (Wuchiapingian) 4. Shanita zone (Capitanian) 3. Paraglobivalvulina zone (Capitanian) 2. Globivalvulina zone (Wordian) 1. Eoverbeekina zone (Wordian)
The Domestic Livestock Resources of Turkey: Silkworm (Bombyx Mori, L. 1758) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) Lines and their Conservation
Authors: Yilmaz Orhan , Wilson R Trevor
Published: January 2022

This paper reviews the current status of Turkish silkworm genetic resources and activities being undertaken for their conservation. Silk production and the trade in silk have been important activities in Turkey, which lies on the ancient Silk Road, for many hundreds of years. Current production of silk is on the rise after a period of very low production. Turkey has a well-established programme of conservation and development of all of its domestic animal genetic resources, of which silkworm is considered a constituent part. Three distinct lines of native silkworm have been registered with the national standards body, the Turkish Standards Institute. Distribution of silkworm germplasm is regulated by the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock through Cooperative Unions which have more than 10,000 members. Renewed and increased international demand for natural and biological products is favourable to Turkey’s silkworm industry. The prognosis for the future development of silk production is strongly positive.
Mathematical Analysis of the Impact of Real Exchange Rate on Output Growth and Inflation: The Case of Tanzania Zanzibar
Authors: Said Khamis Khalid , Luvanda Eliab , Massawe Estomih S
Published: January 2022

This paper examines the dynamic relationship between stationary time series for the impact of real exchange rate on output growth and inflation in Tanzania: Zanzibar using vector autoregressive (VAR) model. The impact of the real exchange rate on economic performance in Tanzania using VAR approach shows that the main sources of variance decomposition in the volume of tourism and inflation are in their own shocks. Impulse response functions analysis show that the response generated by itself at short run and vanishing at the long run, and the inflation and number of tourism has no instantaneous impact on the first difference of real exchange rate. Variance decomposition analysis show that the impact of number of tourism arrival on real exchange rate increases monotonically to the long-run. Thus analysis show that 98 percent of the variance of number of tourism arrival is generated by its own innovations, while only 87 percent of the variance of inflation is generated by its own innovations and about 99 percent of the variance of real exchange rate generated by its own innovations. Furthermore; the real exchange rate is Granger causal to both inflation and number of tourism, while the number of tourism is Granger Causal to the inflation.
Notes on Q-Intuitionistic Fuzzy Subsemiring of a Semiring
Authors: Vanathi K , Subramanian V.S.A , Arjunan K
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we make an attempt to study the algebraic nature of Q-intuitionistic fuzzy subsemiring of a semiring and some properties of Q-intuitionistic fuzzy subsemiring of a semiring are investigated. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 06D72, 08A72, 03F55.
On Mathematical Model for the Study of Traffic Flow on the High Ways
Authors: Fadugba Sunday Emmanuel , Okunlola Joseph Temitayo , Ajayi Adedoyin Olayinka , Edogbanya Olaronke Helen
Published: January 2022

This paper presents mathematical model for the study of traffic flow on the highways. The effect of the density of cars on the overall interactions of the vehicles along a given distance of the road was investigated. We also observed that the density of cars per mile affects the net rate of interaction between them.
Radiography Monitoring of Osteoconduction and Osteoinduction of Orthotopic Allograft Autoclaved Covered With Propolis
Authors: Abdellatif Boudra , Mohamed Hamdi , Karim Amara , Asma Bouknine
Published: January 2022

The veterinarian orthopedic surgeon is often faced to the loss of bone substance in diaphyseal region of long bones. Our study is based on a biological approach to the filling of segmental bone loss by implanting an autoclaved orthotopic allograft of one centimeter length covered and uncovered with propolis in the femoral diaphysis under general anesthesia and sterile condition. The experiment involved eight adult dogs, from local breed and different sex; split into two groups. An autoclaved allograft without propolis was implanted for the first animals group (control group ) then the same graft has been implanted to the second animals group. The aim of our study is to determine the osteoinductive and osteoconductive allograft covered with propolis, to follow clinically and radiologically the incorporation of the autoclaved graft.The results showed that the use of a graft covered with propolis accelerated the osteoinductive and osteoconductive process, this is reflected by an early passage of the callus . The use of a thin layer of propolis on a autoclaved allograft, stimulated peripheral and spinal osteoinduction, and accelerated osseointegration at both proximal and distal interfaces, this phenomenon can be controlled depending on the amount used of propolis on the graft.
The Adoption of an M-Learning Policy in Higher Education: The Professionals Perspective in Developing Countries
Authors: Muhideen Sayibu , Yen Yat , Iddrisu Sulemana , Mohammed Mohammed Amin , Bisanda Bertha W
Published: January 2022

In this digital age, e-learning has developed rapidly from web-based searches to mobile learning. This study aims to identify an M-learning policy for high schools in developing countries. An expanded theory of planned behavior framework, comprising the core constructs and the additional variables of enabling environment and experience, is employed to predict the significance of adopting M-learning among learners. The data is collected via social media and emails, and analyzed using Smart PLS-SEM 3.0. Of the 205 students completing the questionnaire, 38.5% were male and 61.5% female. The results indicate a satisfactory R² of adoption intention (0.157) for all the variables and moderator, and the school setting is significant for the adoption of an M-learning policy; thus, it is suggested that government policy is a crucial factor to its acceptance in any learning setting. The ubiquity of mobile devices is unavoidable, and an innovative approach could lead to the effective application of this technology in education. A government policy will encourage and strengthen such effectiveness among scholars in developing countries.
Relationship between Reaction Time and Deception Type during Smash in Badminton
Authors: El-Gizawy Helal , Akl Abdel-Rahman
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between reaction time and deception type and investigate the effect of deception type on reaction time during smash in Badminton. Sex Badminton players are high level athletes in the world participated in the last Olympic championship "London 2012", (mass 69.17±6.31 kg, length 178.00±0.06 cm. Reaction time is defined as the period of time that elapses between offensive player stroke the shuttle and opponent player move to shuttle direction. Smashes were analyzed of the last six matches in Olympic championship London 2012, two matches in Quarter-finals, two matches of Semi-finals, Bronze Medal Match and Gold Medal Match. Dartfish v.7 software motion analysis used to analysis 230 smashes and for the statistical analysis of the data the IBM SPSS Statistics 21 was used. The complex deception is more difficult types of deception for the opponents as the player use more than a tool during the striking and then the degree of difficulty followed by arm deception, while the performance of the smashes without deception gives a greater opportunity for an opponent to anticipate the strike and then stopped, and this means that the increase the degree of difficulty of deception increased the time of reaction necessary to repel the strike, thereby increasing the opportunity to make the point, therefore must specify a part in the content of the training programs for the smashes combined with different types of deception.
Domiciliary Care Providers Views on Provision of Palliative Care for their Cancer Patients
Authors: MKDL Meegoda , DMS Fernando , S Sivayogan , NOS Atulomah , RB Marasinghe
Published: January 2022

A qualitative study was conducted to describe views and life experiences of domiciliary care providers in meeting the palliative care needs of adult cancer patients at the National Cancer Institute, Maharagama, Sri Lanka. The target population for this study was Domiciliary Care Providers (DCPs) who were the family care givers of patients at National Institute of Cancer, Maharagam (NICM), Cancer Home (CH), Maharagama, Shantha Sevana Hospice (SSH) and Ceylinco Oncology Unit (COU), Colombo, Sri-Lanka. Purposive sampling technique was used to select participants for the study. In-depth interviews were conducted using validated semi-structured interviewer guide. Data saturation was reached after 15 in-depth interviews with DCPs. Trustworthiness of the study was maintained. Phenomenological-hermeneutic approach was followed to analyze qualitative data and thematic analysis was performed. Data analysis was done concurrently with data gathering. Being reassured, having more expectations, need psychosocial help and inadequate knowledge were the key themes identified. They expect knowledge improvement to provide better care. As patients’ level of satisfaction on domiciliary care provided by DCPs was high, improving their knowledge on palliative care may be a cost effective method of improving palliative care.
At the Syntax-Pragmatics Interface: Acquisition of Turkish Word Order by Turkish-English, Turkish-German and Turkish-Russian Bilingual Children
Authors: SAĞIN ŞİMŞEK Çiğdem , ANTONOVA ÜNLÜ Elena
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate how syntactic and pragmatic features of Turkish word order are acquired by Turkish-English, Turkish-German and Turkish-Russian bilingual children. The data were collected from Turkish monolingual and bilingual children who were born in England, Germany and Russia and acquired Turkish as their heritage language. The findings of the study reveal that the Turkish monolingual children adopt the use of SOV order as canonical, but they also show sensitivity to the pragmatics of Turkish and use other orders from an early age. Turkish-German, Turkish-English and Turkish-Russian simultaneous bilingual children, on the other hand, showed different patterns of word order acquisition than their Turkish monolingual counterparts.
STRATEGIES TO INCREASE FERTILITY DURING FIXED-TIME ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN BEEF CATTLE
Authors:   Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, DCVCCA-UEL, Londrina, Parana, Brazil., Canto Souza Ana Clara , Dutra Gonçalves Gabrieli , Souza Ferro Andrey Osvaldo , Nakayama Yokomizo Deborah , Vinicius Bonato Denis , Marcondes Seneda Marcelo
Published: January 2022

The application of Fixed Time Artificial Insemination (FTAI) protocols has strongly boosted artificial insemination in Brazilian bovine herds. The control of the estrous cycle with protocols based on progesterone and estrogen involves synchronizing the emergence of a follicular wave, controlling the progesterone phase, and inducing ovulation in a synchronized manner. The increase in pregnancy rates starts with the preparation of the breeding season and the choice of protocols and females. Thereafter, based on the characteristics of the property and the lots of animals, small adjustments can be made to the hormonal protocols as needed. Finally, resynchronization can increase usability by allowing multiple inseminations within short periods. The search for new strategies is of paramount importance for the development of the FTAI protocol and the increase in final pregnancy rates. Thus, this review sought to highlight the main critical points and adjustments of the FTAI protocols and their applicability in the reproduction of beef cattle.
USE OF CIDR AND ESTRADIOL CYPIONATE IN SYNCHRONIZATION PROTOCOLS ON ESTRUS PRESENTATION, PREGNANCY AND BIRTH RATE IN CREOLE SHEEP UNDER HIGH ALTITUDE CONDITIONS
Authors:   Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, Perú., Catacora Nubia , García Wilber , Perez Uri , Condori Eloy , Luque Natalio
Published: January 2022

The objective of this research was to evaluate the use of the intravaginal device (CIDR) and estradiol cypionate in synchronization protocols, on oestrus presentation, pregnancy and birth rate in Creole sheep under high altitude conditions. The study was carried out in a non-reproductive season, in the peruvian highlands, using 57 ewes. Four experimental groups were formed: group T1 (n=14) and T3 (n=14), CIDR progesterone device for 7 days and 12 days, respectively; group T2 (n=15) and T4 (n=14), CIDR progesterone device for 7 days and 12 days plus 1 mg of estradiol cypionate, 24 hours after removal of the device in both groups, respectively. Estrous presentation was observed from CIDR removal to 48 hours using vasectomized rams and IATF was performed with fresh semen 48 hours after device removal. The pregnancy rate was determined by ultrasonography at 46 and 90 days after FTAI and the birth rate was recorded. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. There was no difference (P>0.05) between groups, for estrous presentation, but there was difference (P<0.05) for pregnancy rate at 46 days between groups with: T1 (42.9%), T3 (38.5%), T4 (21.4%), with respect to T2 (0%) (The difference in results are shown in Table 2). There was a difference (P<0.05) for the pregnancy rate at 90 days: T1 (35.7%) and T3 (30.8%), with respect to T4 (7.1%) and T2 (0 %). The birth rate showed differences (P<0.05) for T1 (28.6%) and T3 (28.6%), with respect to T2 (0%) and T4 (0%). In conclusion, a high pregnancy rate was obtained with CIDR for 7 and 12 days, compared to the use of CIDR plus estradiol cypionate. However, no births were obtained with progesterone plus estradiol cypionate treatment.
Morphometric characterization and classification of vicuña sperm (Vicugna vicugna) using ISAS® CASA-Morph system
Authors:   Escuela Profesional de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Perú, Cucho Hernán , Puelles Olger , Meza Aydee , Urquizo Darwin , Coila Leonidas , Valverde Anthony
Published: January 2022

The aim of the study was to determine the morphological and morphometric characteristics of the vicuña sperm (Vicugna vicugna), looking for possible subpopulations in its structure. Semen was collected by electroejaculation method from three adult male vicuñas weighing 50.33 ± 2.52 kg, once per animal. The volume, color and concentration, sperm morphology and morphometry were determined. The samples for the analysis of sperm morphology and morphometry were stained with Hemacolor®, and analyzed using the CASA-Morph, Integrated Semen Analysis System (ISAS®v1). Five forms of the vicuña sperm head were distinguished: normal, piriform, long, short and rounded. The morphometric parameters determined were the length, width, area, perimeter, ellipticity, elongation, regularity and rugosity of the vicuña sperm head, percentage of acrosome, head gray level, as well as the width, area, distance and angle of insertion of midpiece of the sperm. In relation to morphology, significant differences (P <0.05) were found in the percentage distribution of head shapes, with the normal shape (55.7%) being the majority and different from the other shapes. Significant differences (P <0.05) were found between animals in the morphometric variables of head, percentage of acrosome, ellipticity, rugosity, elongation and gray level; while the variables of the midpiece and regularity did not show differences (P> 0.05). The morphometric variables were distributed in four main components (PCA) called elongation, area, circularity and midpiece width, which explained 84.59% of the total variance. The cluster analysis determined five subpopulations (SP): SP1 grouped small cells of low length, width and area (18.8%); SP2 of sperm of large size, both in area and width of the head (17.38%); SP3 of rounded cells with high values of percentage of acrosome and head gray level (24.04%); SP4 of spermatozoa of intermediate size and elongated, with greater ellipticities and elongation (23.61%); and SP5 of cells of intermediate size and short, with low values of area and length (16.71%).
Effects of energy and protein status on reproductive parameters and presence of subclinical ketosis in Brown Swiss cows postpartum
Authors:   Facultad de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Huancayo, Perú., Unchupaico Payano Ide , Ancco Gomez Edith , Fernández Curi Eduardo , Olivera Acuña Williams , Quispe Eulogio Carlos
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to determine protein and energy metabolites in postpartum Brown Swiss cows and their effect on the presence of subclinical ketosis and reproductive parameters. One hundred cows from four farms in the Mantaro Valley (Junín, Perú) were grouped according to parity (1, 2, 3 and 4). The variables of the metabolic profile (total proteins, blood urea nitrogen [BUN], glucose, βhydroxybutyrate [B-HB]), milk production and body condition were estimated between 7 to 60 days postpartum in 7-day intervals. Likewise, the calving-first heat interval and the pregnancy rate at first service were recorded. The determination of subclinical ketosis was based on a semi-quantitative analysis by levels of B-HB in milk (µmol/l) using a commercial kit. BUN levels ranged between 11.74 and 15.92 mg/dl, being higher in fourth parity cows (p<0.05). The averages of total protein (6.54-7.90 g/dl) were homogeneous between calvings. The glucose values presented an inverse response, being lower in cows of third and fourth parity compared to cows of first and second parity (p<0.05). Similarly, the highest levels of milk production were observed in third parity cows (14.41 ± 5.42 l/d) and fourth parity (15.43 ± 4.36 l/d) with respect to first and second calvers (p<0.05). Body condition was lower in cows with subclinical ketosis. The calving - first heat interval and the pregnancy rate at first service were lower in cows with subclinical ketosis (p<0.05).
DRY COW ANTIMICROBIALS USE TO CONTROL MASTITIS IN NORTHERN ALGERIA
Authors:   Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Frères Mentouri University of Constantine, El Khroub, Constantine, Algeria, Hamlaoui Mohamed Walid , Hadef Ahmed , Meklati Fawzi Rostane , Bital Imane
Published: January 2022

The control of mastitis is a crucial step in the preparation of the next lactation in dairy cows. In order to assess the practices and attitudes surrounding the use of antimicrobials at dry-off, a survey was conducted among veterinary practitioners in fifteen provinces of Northern Algeria. The results revealed that 45.95% of the farms followed by the respondents were rather small in size comprising about ten cows per farm and that a large majority of the farmers practised gradual drying off (72.97%) without adjusting the feed ration (70.27%) to this stage. Antibiotic dry cow therapy (DCT) was a common practice and selectively performed in 86.49% of cases regardless of udder health status. Cefalexin was the most infused intra-mammary (IMM) antibiotic (40.54%), while tylosin was the one favoured for parenteral administration (48.15%). Analysis of factors influencing the antibiotic DCT efficacy showed that a frequent (13.51%) occurrence of new intramammary infections (IMIs) was related to farmers’ attitudes (self-medication) and the policy of blanket DCT. Although the use of a teat sealant was uncommon (71.43%) in the farming traditions, the substitution of antibiotics seems to be a plausible prospect, since the majority of participants (89.19%) agreed with the implementation of aromatherapy concept at dry-off, mainly as a complement to antibiotics. This survey gives an overview of risk practices regarding mastitis management in northern Algeria. Hence, further zootechnical, veterinary and organizational efforts need to be made to promote animal production and welfare as well as public health through improved udder health.