bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penetrating intracranial injury caused by an unusual home-made iron pyrotechnic device
Authors: Nikolić Slobodan , Živković Vladimir
Published: November 2016

Herein, a potentially dangerous explosive home-made device used for fun and entertainment is described. It consists of two iron parts connected with a U-shaped thick wire: a wedge about 8 cm in length, which fits into a hollow cylinder, filled with a small amount of nitre (the mineral form of potassium nitrate). Striking the device onto a hard surface creates a spark inside it, which burns the nitre, producing a very loud bang. We are in possession of such device in our forensic museum collection. We present a case from 1937 related to the use of this explosive home-made device. A boy was injured using it, as the wedge hit him in the left temporal region and entered his skull. The major initial consequence was a localised brain injury, without any bleeding. Delayed presentation resulted in intracranial infection – purulent meningitis due to open craniocerebral injury, which was the cause of death three months later. The potentially dangerous home-made explosive iron device presented here was in use mostly by children from the end of the 19th century until the early 1970s, when it was replaced with less dangerous and cheaper Chinese firecrackers and fireworks.
Developing employability for policing
Authors: Pepper Ian K , Williams Peter , Green Tracey , Ruddell Rick
Published: November 2016

How employability is developed in students is of immense importance to the individual and to potential employers. Sharing practice in relation to the development of employability for policing helps shape curriculums to prepare students for their future careers and inform policy makers.

Four universities teaching policing undergraduate programmes provided qualitative details of how employability is embedded within their studies. These were compared and contrasted to provide an international comparison. The findings suggest similarities in the ways in which the generic employability skills and broader professional skills, such as ethics and reflective practice, are taught. However, differences in how technical/vocational skills are developed.
A tale of two cities: Rescaling economic strategy in the North Midlands
Authors: Rossiter Will
Published: November 2016

This paper addresses the implementation (or mediation) of industrial policy at the regional and local level in the northern sub-region of the English East Midlands. At the heart of both New Labour and Coalition Government policy on local and regional economic development was a simple proposition to the effect that if decision-making for economic development could be better aligned to ‘functional economic geographies’, better economic outcomes should result. The abolition of Regional Development Agencies and creation of Local Enterprise Partnerships brought this proposition into sharp focus. This paper explores the consequences of this shift in the spatial scale of decision making for the development process and policy content of place based economic strategies. Strategies produced for three ‘nested’ geographic areas in the north midlands are compared. An apparent tension between economic development and institutional trajectories is considered.
“Hope for the best, prepare for the worst”: A qualitative interview study on parents’ needs and fears in pediatric advance care planning
Authors: Lotz Julia Desiree , Daxer Marion , Jox Ralf J , Borasio Gian Domenico , Führer Monika
Published: November 2016

Background:

Pediatric advance care planning is advocated by healthcare providers because it may increase the chance that patient and/or parent wishes are respected and thus improve end-of-life care. However, since end-of-life decisions for children are particularly difficult and charged with emotions, physicians are often afraid of addressing pediatric advance care planning.

Aim:

We aimed to investigate parents’ views and needs regarding pediatric advance care planning.

Design:

We performed a qualitative interview study with parents of children who had died from a severe illness. The interviews were analyzed by descriptive and evaluation coding according to Saldaña.

Setting/Participants:

We conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 parents of 9 children. Maximum variation was sought regarding the child’s illness, age at death, care setting, and parent gender.

Results:

Parents find it difficult to engage in pediatric advance care planning but consider it important. They argue for a sensitive, individualized, and gradual approach. Hope and quality of life issues are primary. Parents have many non-medical concerns that they want to discuss. Written advance directives are considered less important, but medical emergency plans are viewed as necessary in particular cases. Continuity of care and information should be improved through regular pediatric advance care planning meetings with the various care providers. Parents emphasize the importance of a continuous contact person to facilitate pediatric advance care planning.

Conclusion:

Despite a need for pediatric advance care planning, it is perceived as challenging. Needs-adjusted content and process and continuity of communication should be a main focus in pediatric advance care planning. Future research should focus on strategies that facilitate parent engagement in pediatric advance care planning to increase the benefit for the families.
Workers-as-consumers: Rethinking the political economy of use-value and the reproduction of capital
Authors: Mulcahy Niamh
Published: November 2016

The relationship between the working class and consumer culture is undoubtedly contentious and often held as problematic in Marxist critical theory, owing to the exploitative nature of the mass production that facilitates consumption. Consequently, consumption sometimes appears as a distraction from the inequality perpetuated during the accumulation of capital, and thus as a social problem with normative undertones. As I reiterate in this article, however, workers are not simultaneously consumers because they have been inundated with consumer culture and advertising, but because they are separated from the means of production and must resort to exchange to reproduce their labour-power. As a result, they seek commodities as use-values, which is altogether different from a capitalist’s desire to realise exchange-value in the sale of commodities. This article is an attempt at examining the contradictions that arise in working-class interests in consumption, in order to illustrate why the act of consumption does not necessarily engender the continuous reproduction of capital, and thus of exploitation.
Two-Year Outcomes of a Randomized Trial Investigating a 6-Week Return to Full Weightbearing After Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation
Authors: Ebert Jay R. , Edwards Peter K. , Fallon Michael , Ackland Timothy R. , Janes Gregory C. , Wood David J.
Published: November 2016

Background:

Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) has demonstrated encouraging outcomes in treating patients with knee cartilage defects. Postoperatively, the time required to attain full weightbearing (WB) remains conservative.

Hypothesis:

We hypothesized that patients would have no significant clinical or radiological differences or graft complications after an 8-week or 6-week return to full WB after MACI.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

A total of 37 knees (n = 35 patients) were randomly allocated to either an 8-week return to full WB that we considered current best practice based on the existing literature (CR group; n = 19 knees) or an accelerated 6-week WB approach (AR group; n = 18 knees). Patients were evaluated preoperatively and at 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery, using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, visual analog pain scale, 6-minute walk test, and active knee range of motion. Isokinetic dynamometry was used to assess peak knee extension and flexion strength and limb symmetry indices (LSIs) between the operated and nonoperated limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was undertaken to evaluate the quality and quantity of repair tissue as well as to calculate an MRI composite score.

Results:

Significant improvements ( P < .05) were observed in all subjective scores, active knee flexion and extension, 6-minute capacity, peak knee extensor torque in the operated limb, and knee extensor LSI, although no group differences existed. Although knee flexor LSIs were above 100% for both groups at 12 and 24 months after surgery, LSIs for knee extensor torque at 24 months were 93.7% and 87.5% for the AR and CR groups, respectively. The MRI composite score and pertinent graft parameters significantly improved over time ( P < .05), with some superior in the AR group at 24 months. All patients in the AR group (100%) demonstrated good to excellent infill at 24 months, compared with 83% of patients in the CR group. Two cases of graft failure were observed, both in the CR group. At 24 months, 83% of patients in the CR group and 88% in the AR group were satisfied with the results of their MACI surgery.

Conclusion:

Patients in the AR group who reduced the length of time spent ambulating on crutches produced comparable outcomes up to 24 months, without compromising graft integrity.
Effects of Electrolyte Replacement Protocol Implementation in a Medical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Pearson Daniel J. , Sharma Anit , Lospinoso Joshua A. , Morris Michael J. , McCann Edward T.
Published: November 2016

Purpose:

To evaluate the effects of electrolyte replacement protocol (ERP) implementation in the medical intensive care unit (MICU) setting. We hypothesized that a protocol would reduce the time of replacement dose administration and increase provider satisfaction with the process of electrolyte replacement.

Methods:

This was a retrospective review of electronic medical record data before and after implementation of a standardized ERP in an 18-bed military tertiary care MICU.

Results:

Median time from abnormal laboratory result to time of documented dose administration for potassium decreased from 180 to 98 minutes ( P < .01), phosphorus decreased from 190 to 135 minutes ( P < .01), calcium decreased from 95 to 61 minutes ( P < .01), and magnesium decreased from 155 to 149 minutes ( P < .01). Overall, there was a significant reduction in time to electrolyte repletion from 146 to 98 minutes ( P < .01) for all electrolytes. Nursing satisfaction for autonomy, timeliness, effectiveness, and the need to seek orders was all improved ( P < .01), and physicians saved 4.4 minutes/patient/day ( P = .04).

Conclusions:

Electrolyte replacement protocols can be safely implemented in the MICU and reduce the time from abnormal laboratory result to electrolyte replacement dose administration. They can improve provider satisfaction and reduce physician time with the process of electrolyte replacement.
Enhancement of osseointegration by direct coating of rhBMP-2 on target-ion induced plasma sputtering treated SLA surface for dental application
Authors: Kim Sungwon , Park Cheonil , Moon Byeong-Seok , Kim Hyoun-Ee , Jang Tae-Sik
Published: November 2016

Owing to the excellent bioactive properties of recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins (rhBMPs), dentistry considers them as a fascinating adjuvant alternative for enhancing bone regeneration and bone-to-implant junction in the early implantation stages. However, stable loading and delivery efficiency of rhBMPs on the implant surfaces involve major concerns because of the harsh wearing condition under load during implantation. In this study, to achieve successful rhBMP-2 delivery, a nanoporous surface structure is introduced on the sandblasting with large grit and acid-etching (SLA)-treated titanium (Ti) surface via the tantalum (Ta) target-ion induced plasma sputtering (TIPS) technique. Unlike oxidation-induced surface nanoporous fabrications on a Ti surface, TIPS-treated surfaces provide excellent structural unity of the nanoporous structure with the substrate due to their etching-based fabrication mechanism. SLA/TIPS-treated Ti exhibits distinct nanoporous structures on the microscale surface geometry and better hydrophilicity compared with SLA-treated Ti. A sufficiently empty nanoporous surface structure combined with the hydrophilic property of SLA/TIPS-treated Ti facilitates the formation of a thick and uniform coating layer of rhBMP-2 on the surface without any macro- and microcoagulation. Compared with the SLA-treated Ti surface, the amount of coated rhBMP-2 increases up to 63% on the SLA/TIPS-treated Ti surface. As a result, the in vitro pre-osteoblast cell response of the SLA/TIPS-treated Ti surface, especially cell adhesion and differentiation behaviors, improves remarkably. A bone-regenerating direct comparison between the rhBMP-2-coated SLA-treated and SLA/TIPS-treated Ti is conducted on a defective dog mandible model. After 8 weeks of implantation surgery, SLA/TIPS-treated Ti with rhBMP-2 exhibits a better degree of contact area for the implanted bone, which mineralizes new bones around the implant. Quantitative results of bone-in-contact ratio and new bone volume also show significantly higher values for the SLA/TIPS-treated Ti with the rhBMP-2 specimen. These results confirm that an SLA/TIPS-treated surface is a suitable rhBMP-2 carrier for a dental implant to achieve early and strong osseointegration of Ti dental implants.
Polymer-based material containing calcium phosphate particles functionalized with a dimethacrylate monomer for use in restorative dentistry
Authors: Rodrigues Marcela C. , Xavier Tathy A. , Arana-Chavez Victor E , Braga Roberto R.
Published: November 2016

Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate particles functionalized with triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate were synthesized and added to a photocurable mixture of bisphenol-A glycidyl dimethacrylate and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate with the purpose of developing a resin composite capable of releasing calcium and phosphate ions to foster dental remineralization. Particle functionalization would minimize the deleterious effect of adding low cohesive strength nano-structured particles with no chemical interaction with the organic matrix on the material’s mechanical properties. The results showed that calcium release over 28 days was not impaired by particle functionalization. A statistically significant 32% increase in strength was recorded with the use of functionalized dicalcium phosphate dihydrate in comparison to the material containing non-functionalized particles. However, the strength of the unfilled resin was not matched by the composite with functionalized particles. Elastic modulus increased with particle incorporation, regardless of functionalization. Degree of conversion and optical properties (total transmittance and color change/ΔE) of the resin-based materials were not affected by the addition of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate particles (functionalized or not).
Democratizing Caring Labor
Authors: Matthew Rebecca A. , Bransburg Vanessa
Published: November 2016

How and in what ways might we respond to the mounting “care deficit,” such that the dignity and well-being of both recipient and care provider are prioritized? This article takes up such a question by making use of feminist theories of care to recenter caring discourse away from neoliberal notions of autonomy and self-sufficiency and toward those of interdependence and social connectedness. In doing so, we interrogate the appropriateness—or not—of caring labor being delivered within the market by presenting a case study, detailing the promise of community-based, worker-owned cooperatives as a means through which to democratize caring labor.
Factors Distinguishing Positive Deviance Among Low-Income African American Women: A Qualitative Study on Infant Feeding
Authors: Barbosa Cecilia E. , Masho Saba W. , Carlyle Kellie E. , Mosavel Maghboeba
Published: November 2016

Background:

Positive deviant individuals practice beneficial behaviors in spite of having qualities characterizing them as high risk for unhealthy behaviors.

Objective:

This study aimed to identify and understand factors distinguishing low-income African American women who breastfeed the longest (positive deviants) from those who breastfeed for a shorter duration or do not breastfeed.

Methods:

Seven mini-focus groups on infant-feeding attitudes and experiences were conducted with 25 low-income African American women, grouped by infant-feeding practice. Positive deviants, who had breastfed for 4 months or more, were compared with formula-feeding participants who had only formula fed their babies and short-term breastfeeding participants who had breastfed for 3 months or less.

Results:

Positive deviant women had more schooling, higher income, breastfeeding intention, positive breastfeeding and unfavorable formula-feeding attitudes, higher self-efficacy, positive hospital and Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children experiences, more exclusive breastfeeding, and greater comfort breastfeeding in public. Short-term breastfeeding women varied in breastfeeding intention and self-efficacy, seemed to receive insufficient professional breastfeeding support, and supplemented breastfeeding with formula. Some showed ambivalence, concern with unhealthy behaviors, and discomfort with breastfeeding in public. Formula-feeding women intended to formula feed, feared breastfeeding, thought their behaviors were incompatible with breastfeeding, were comfortable with and found formula convenient, and received strong support to formula feed.

Conclusion:

Tapping into the strengths of positive deviants; tailoring interventions to levels of general and breastfeeding self-efficacy; increasing social, institutional, and community supports; and removing inappropriate formula promotion may offer promising strategies to increase breastfeeding among low-income African American women.
Bud-Sex
Authors: Silva Tony
Published: November 2016

This study draws on semistructured interviews with 19 white, rural, straight-identified men who have sex with men to understand how they perceive their gender and sexuality. It is among the first to use straight men’s own narratives, and helps address the underrepresentation of rural masculinities research. Through complex interpretive processes, participants reworked non-normative sexual practices—those usually antithetical to rural masculinities—to construct normative masculinity. Most chose other masculine, white, and straight or secretly bisexual men as partners for secretive sex without romantic involvement. By choosing these partners and having this type of sex, the participants normalized and authenticated their sexual encounters as straight and normatively masculine. The participants engaged in bud-sex, a specific type of male–male sex that reinforced their rural masculinity and heterosexuality. The married men framed sex with men as less threatening to marriage than extramarital sex with women, helping to preserve a part of their lives that they described as central to their straightness. The results highlight the flexibility of heterosexuality; the centrality of heterosexuality to normative rural masculinity; how similar sexual practices carry different meanings across contexts and populations; and the social construction of masculinities and sexualities by age, race, gender, time period, and place.
Human Energy Field: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Shields Deborah , Fuller Ann , Resnicoff Marci , Butcher Howard K. , Frisch Noreen
Published: November 2016

The human energy field (HEF) as a phenomenon of interest across disciplines has gained increased attention over the 20th and 21st centuries. However, a concern has arisen that there is a lack of evidence to support the concept of the HEF as a phenomenon of interest to professional nurses and nursing practice. Using Chinn and Kramer’s method of creating conceptual meaning, a concept analysis was conducted for the purpose of developing a conceptual definition of HEF. A systematic review of the literature using the CINAHL database yielded a total of 81 articles and text sources that were determined to be relevant to the concept analysis. The HEF is defined as a luminous field of energy that comprises a person, extends beyond the physical body, and is in a continuous mutual process with the environmental energy field. It is a vital energy that is a continuous whole and is recognized by its unique pattern; it is dynamic, creative, nonlinear, unpredictable, and flows in lower and higher frequencies. The balanced HEF is characterized by flow, rhythm, symmetry, and gentle vibration.
How do gloves affect cutaneous sensibility in medical practice? Two new applied tests
Authors: Mylon Peter , Carré Matt J , Martin Nicolas , Lewis Roger
Published: November 2016

In order to quantify the effect of medical gloves on tactile performance, two new Simulated Medical Examination Tactile Tests (SMETT) have been developed to replicate the tactile and haptic ability required in medical examinations: the ‘Bumps’ test and the ‘Princess and the Pea’ (P&P) test. A pilot study was carried out using 30–40 subjects for each test in order to investigate the suitability of the tests for medical glove evaluation. Tests were performed with latex and nitrile examination gloves and without gloves. Following the tests, small-scale studies were carried out to investigate the effect of various design parameters, such as material stiffness and tactile exploration method. In the ‘Bumps’ test, subjects performed significantly better in the ungloved condition, and there were ‘almost significant’ differences between the gloves, with the thinner latex gloves performing better than the thicker nitrile gloves. Both finger orientation and surface lubrication were found to have a significant effect on results, indicating that these need to be clearly defined in the test procedure. In the ‘P&P’ test, no significant effect of hand condition was found, suggesting that haptic sensing is less affected by medical gloves than cutaneous sensibility. Other factors such as material stiffness, technique and test orientation had a more significant effect. The SMETT ‘Bumps’ test has potential as a clinical manual performance evaluation tool and may be used to evaluate the relative effects of different gloves. The SMETT ‘P&P’ test is a valid measure of haptic or tactile performance, but should not be used in glove evaluation. Both tests could have further applications, such as in the assessment of neurological impairment or aptitude testing for potential surgeons.
The Role of Hedonic Behavior in Reducing Perceived Risk
Authors: Jia Jayson S. , Jia Jianmin , Hsee Christopher K. , Shiv Baba
Published: November 2016

Understanding how human populations naturally respond to and cope with risk is important for fields ranging from psychology to public health. We used geophysical and individual-level mobile-phone data (mobile-apps, telecommunications, and Web usage) of 157,358 victims of the 2013 Ya’an earthquake to diagnose the effects of the disaster and investigate how experiencing real risk (at different levels of intensity) changes behavior. Rather than limiting human activity, higher earthquake intensity resulted in graded increases in usage of communications apps (e.g., social networking, messaging), functional apps (e.g., informational tools), and hedonic apps (e.g., music, videos, games). Combining mobile data with a field survey ( N = 2,000) completed 1 week after the earthquake, we use an instrumental-variable approach to show that only increases in hedonic behavior reduced perceived risk. Thus, hedonic behavior could potentially serve as a population-scale coping and recovery strategy that is often missing in risk management and policy considerations.
Mentally perceiving how means achieve ends
Authors: Güth Werner , Ploner Matteo
Published: November 2016

Mental modeling ranges from pure categorization, for example, of linguistic concepts, to cognitive representation of complex decision tasks involving stochastic uncertainty and strategic interaction. In the tradition of consequentialistic bounded rationality, we assume to choose among choice alternatives by anticipating their likely implications. Such deliberation basically requires causal relationships linking own choices (means) and determinants beyond own control, such as chance events and choices by others (scenarios), to the relevant outcome variables (ends). We suggest a general framework of mental representation whose aspects are illustrated for stochastic choice and strategic interaction tasks. We also discuss how this framework can be experimentally implemented, showing how experimental research can shed light on mental modeling and—more generally—cognitive processes, in addition to eliciting the usual choice data.
Community-Based Interventions With Refugee Families Using a Family Systems Approach
Authors: Pejic Vanja , Alvarado Andrea E. , Hess Robyn S. , Groark Sarah
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this article is to identify how family-focused, community-based interventions can be implemented with refugee families in order to enhance their well-being and adaptation to their new communities. Past efforts at delivering these family support interventions using the Prevention and Access Interventions for Families (PAIF) framework to refugee families are reviewed. Through the case study application, recommendations for supporting refugee families are provided.
“Visual Science Literacy”
Authors: Bucchi Massimiano , Saracino Barbara
Published: November 2016

Since its very beginning, modern science has put images at the center of its communicative processes: drawings, diagrams, and schemes, and later photographs, satellite images, and film. In the age of digital communication, specialists and publics live constantly immersed in a visually dense environment, particularly when it comes to science and technology content. Do we have the competence to decipher all these images, often complex and elaborate? If the so-called science literacy has become a standard dimension of public understanding of science at the international level, much less studied so far is visual science literacy. We tested empirical indicators of visual science literacy in the context of three surveys (2014, 2015, and 2016) of public perception in Italy on a representative sample of the population. The results show that respondents fare generally better in recognizing images related to science than in responding to textual questions. Images could offer relevant opportunities for greater public engagement with scientific results.
A Content Analysis of Nine Literacy Journals, 2009-2014
Authors: Parsons Seth A. , Gallagher Melissa A. ,   the George Mason University Content Analysis Team
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine the topics being studied, theoretical perspectives being used, and methods being implemented in current literacy research. A research team completed a content analysis of nine journals from 2009 to 2014 to gather data. In the 1,238 articles analyzed, the topics, theoretical perspectives, research designs, and data sources were recorded. Frequency counts of these findings are presented for each journal. Chi-square tests of independence revealed statistically significant differences among the topics, theoretical perspectives, designs, and data sources across the nine journals. These results suggest that the field of literacy research may be fragmented, which has been a concern for literacy researchers since the paradigm wars of the 1980s and 1990s. We urge the literacy research community to continue to demand rigorous research, but to do so in a way that appreciates the power in viewing and studying teaching and learning from diverse perspectives, using diverse methods, and with recognition that a foundational aspect of rigorous research is the match between research questions asked and research methods used.
From erasure poetry to e-mash-ups, “reel on/ another! power!”
Authors: Le Cor Gwen
Published: November 2016

This article builds on an analysis of Sea and Spar Between by Nick Montfort and Stephanie Strickland and Tree of Codes by Jonathan Safran Foer to examine print and digital forms of writing through resonance, replication, and repetition. It explores the plastic and textual space of the page and screen and focuses more specifically on the composition of fragments and the way they can be apprehended by readers. Conversely, digital borrowing is not a mechanical process of self-identical recurrence, and like its print counterpart, it is a gesture of differenciation and a play of singularities (Deleuze). In investigating the entanglement of a work with a source text, this article also explores how creative gestures initiate a “floating” space as theorized by Jean-François Lyotard, that is, a space at once rigid and flexible where the reader is both bound and floating.
Pluralistic morality and collective action: The role of moral foundations
Authors: Milesi Patrizia , Alberici Augusta Isabella
Published: November 2016

Starting from the pluralistic view of morality proposed by the moral foundations theory, this paper aims at highlighting the plurality of personal moral concerns that may drive people to collective action and at investigating how they are connected with other personal and group-based motivations to act (i.e., moral obligation, moral convictions, politicized group identity, group efficacy, and group-based anger). Moral foundations can be distinguished into individualizing foundations, aimed at protecting individual rights and well-being; and binding foundations, aimed at tightening people into ordered communities. We expected that collective action intention would be most strongly associated with an individualizing foundation in equality-focused movements, and with a binding foundation in conformity-focused ones. Four studies that examined activists of both liberal and conservative movements confirmed these expectations. The relevant foundations predicted collective action mainly through the mediation of moral obligation and politicized identity, but they also had some effects above and beyond them.
When objective group membership and subjective ethnic identification don’t align: How identification shapes intergroup bias through self-enhancement and perceived threat
Authors: Lee I-Ching , Su Jenny C. , Gries Peter H. , Liu Frank C. S.
Published: November 2016

When objective group membership and subjective ethnic identification don’t align, which has a greater impact on how people feel towards the groups they affiliate with, and why? Deprived of many distinctiveness markers typically found in intergroup relations (e.g., physical features, obvious status differences), Taiwanese society provides a perfect natural context to explore the impact of objective group membership (Taiwanese nationality) versus subjective ethnic identification (Taiwanese or Chinese) on intergroup bias. Results from representative telephone ( N = 1,060) and Internet ( N = 500) surveys demonstrated that even among participants with no visible distinctiveness markers or differences in social status, subjective ethnic identification contributed to intergroup bias in favor of Taiwanese over Chinese Mainlanders (main effect). Both self-enhancement (collective self-esteem as Taiwanese) and perceived threat from Chinese Mainlanders helped account for this finding (mediation effects). Implications for intergroup relations are discussed.
Defending the European political order
Authors: Norman Ludvig
Published: November 2016

This article theorizes the European-level political response to the radical right by suggesting a focus on the conceptions of politics, society and of the European Union itself that inform this response. Analyses of the ways in which the political mainstream relates to such movements remain under-theorized and often fall back on understandings of political action in narrow instrumental terms. Instead, this article proposes an approach to this response which emphasizes the process through which shared understanding of the European political project surface. It engages with these issues by turning to ideas that emerged in relation to the rise of European fascism in the 1930s on how to mount an effective defence of democracy. The underlying social analysis that fed into such strategies, the article argues, serves as a useful framework for analysis of the contemporary European response to the radical right.
Perspectives of US and Australian Hand Therapists About Pediatric Hand Transplantation
Authors: Mukesh Nitin , Bramstedt Katrina A.
Published: November 2016

Introduction:

Pediatric hand transplantation (PHT), an investigational therapy, was recently performed in the United States.

Research Questions:

Perspectives of hand therapists about PHT patient selection (inclusion and exclusion criteria), team configuration, patient assent, and patient compliance were explored.

Design:

Quantitative survey. We used a research ethics committee–approved 18-question e-link anonymous questionnaire to survey members of the American Society of Hand Therapists and the Australian (AU) Hand Therapy Association for their perspectives on PHT.

Results:

All surveyed hand therapists work with children (n = 18 Australia [AU], n = 85 United States) and some had been involved in adult hand transplant rehabilitation (28% AU, 21% United States; P = .543, not significant (NS)). The US and AU therapists differ regarding their opinions on multidisciplinary team membership, smoking as an exclusion criterion, and risk of posttransplant rehabilitation noncompliance.

Discussion:

This research opens a dialogue on the clinical and ethical complexity of PHT, including team configuration, inclusion/exclusion criteria, the assent process, and rehabilitation access/compliance. Furthermore, international perspectives are informative as they highlight funding and access issues and can potentially guide global professional society policy.
Chronic Norovirus Infections in Cardiac Transplant Patients
Authors: Jurgens Paul T. , Allen Larry A. , Ambardekar Amrut V. , McIlvennan Colleen K.
Published: November 2016

Norovirus is a common self-limiting gastrointestinal infection, but in transplant recipients, symptoms can last for months and result in serious health complications. As there is currently no established treatment for chronic norovirus infection in transplant patients, management has been directed at symptom control, trial of various antivirals, and ultimately reductions in immunosuppression. We present 3 cases of chronic norovirus infection in cardiac transplant patients to illustrate various approaches to diagnosis, the prolonged nature of disease symptoms, and treatment options. When managing a transplant recipient with chronic diarrhea, considering a broad differential as well as maintaining a high suspicion for infectious etiologies is key. A stepwise approach to management includes termination of diarrhea-causing medications, trials of nitazoxanide and immunoglobulin, and reductions in immunosuppressive therapies. Although brief discontinuation of immunosuppression is often required to achieve symptom, graft rejection is often a complication.
Multicenter Experience of Surgical Explantation of Carotid Stents for Recurrent Stenosis
Authors: Columbo Jesse A. , McCallum John C. , Goodney Philip P. , Bower Thomas C. , Schermerhorn Marc L. , Powell Richard J. , DeMartino Randall R.
Published: November 2016

Objective:

A significant cohort of patients who have undergone carotid artery stenting (CAS) will have in-stent restenosis (ISR). The optimal management of symptomatic or severe ISR remains poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to describe the indications, treatment, and mid- to long-term outcomes of patients undergoing CAS explantation for ISR.

Methods:

All patients undergoing internal carotid artery stent explantation with carotid artery reconstruction at Mayo Clinic Rochester, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, and Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center from 2003 to 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Isolated common carotid artery stents were excluded. Demographics, comorbidities, indications for explantation, operative details, and perioperative and postoperative outcomes were reviewed.

Results:

Over the study interval, a total of 971 patients underwent carotid stenting across the 3 centers. Of these, 8 patients ultimately underwent CAS explantation with carotid artery reconstruction. Mean age was 69 years and 5 patients were male. Index stent placement was for symptomatic stenosis in 4 patients, asymptomatic restenosis after endarterectomy in 2 patients, asymptomatic high lesion in 1 patient, and asymptomatic critical stenosis in 1 patient. Indications for explantation were symptomatic ISR in 4 patients and asymptomatic severe ISR in 4 patients. Method of repair was stent explantation and patch angioplasty in 5 and en bloc carotid resection with bypass in 3 patients. There were no perioperative neurologic events or cranial nerve injuries. At a mean follow-up of 38.7 months, there were 2 late disabling ipsilateral strokes (14.4 months and 19.1 months).

Conclusion:

A significant cohort of patients who have undergone CAS will have ISR. Although excellent perioperative results after surgical explantation can be obtained, this patient subgroup remains at risk for late neurologic events. Appropriate patient selection and diligent long-term follow-up are mandated to obtain optimal outcomes.
Efficient wideband signals’ direction of arrival estimation method with unknown number of signals
Authors: Zeng Yaoping , Lu Guangyue
Published: November 2016

This article focuses on the direction of arrival estimation of wideband signals, and an efficient method based on test of orthogonality of frequency subspaces is proposed. Using suitable coefficient m to weight and inverse the covariance matrix, the proposed method can obtain estimated noise subspace with unknown number of signals. Unlike conventional subspace estimation with heavy complex computations, the proposed method reduces the amount of computation by real matrix multiplication, and through only half of the total angular field-of-view. It decreases the computational load of spectrum peak search to half. Moreover, compared with the existing real-valued techniques suitable for only the centro-symmetrical array, the new method can be applied to arbitrary array. The simulation and experimental data results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed method.
Algorithmic memorial videos: Contextualising automated curation
Authors: Lambert Alex , Nansen Bjorn , Arnold Michael
Published: November 2016

Web platforms such as Facebook and Google have recently developed features which algorithmically curate digital artefacts composed of posts taken from personal online archives. While these artefacts ask people to fondly remember their digital histories, they can cause controversy when they depict recently deceased loved ones. We explore these controversies by situating algorithmic curation within the media ethics of grief, mourning and commemoration. In the vein of media archaeology, we compare these algorithms to similar work done by skilled professionals using older media forms, drawing on interviews with Australian funeral slideshow curators. This professional commemorative labour makes up part of a broader, institutionalised system of ‘death work’, a concept we take from thanatology. Through the media ethics of death work, we critique the current shortcomings of algorithmic memorials and propose a way of addressing them by ‘coding ethically’.
Pitfalls in the ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax
Authors: Retief Johannes , Chopra Michelle
Published: November 2016

In recent years, point-of-care ultrasound has become a useful technique for assisting in rapid diagnosis or exclusion of pneumothorax. It has been shown to have excellent sensitivity and specificity. Despite this, we present a case of a large pneumothorax that was not detected by bedside ultrasound. We consider the reasons for failure and discuss pitfalls and limitations described in the literature.
Asthma in children
Authors: Daines Luke , McMurray Ann
Published: November 2016

Asthma affects 1 100 000 children in the UK and is thus the most common long-term condition of childhood. The prevalence of childhood asthma symptoms in the UK is among the highest worldwide and this contributes to the estimated £1 billion annual cost of asthma care to the NHS. Children still die from asthma despite advances in its management, and mortality rates have changed very little over the past 20 years. The recent national review of asthma deaths provided a stark reminder of ‘why asthma still kills’ and made key recommendations for children with asthma. However, evidence-based recommendations are still poorly implemented. This article seeks to enthuse the next generation of GPs to prioritise the improvement of asthma care in children.
Neuropathic pain may be common in chronic lower limb tendinopathy: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Wheeler Patrick C
Published: November 2016

Background:

To identify the prevalence of neuropathic pain, through the use of the painDETECT questionnaire, in a cohort of patients with chronic lower limb tendinopathy conditions.

Methods:

Patients with chronic lower limb tendinopathy conditions treated within a Sport and Exercise Medicine hospital clinic were identified from clinical records. At the time of the clinical consultation, pain and painDETECT scores were recorded.

Results:

In total, 282 suitable patients with chronic lower limb tendinopathy conditions were identified who had completed a painDETECT questionnaire. There was a median age of 51.9 years, 35% of patients were male and a median duration of symptoms of 24.0 months. There was a median score of 7.0/10 for self-reported ‘average’ pain and 8.0/10 for self-reported ‘worst’ pain. There was a median painDETECT score of 14.0, 28% of respondents scored 19 or higher with painDETECT (neuropathic component to pain may be likely), 29% scored 13–18 (equivocal result) and 43% of respondents scored 12 or less (neuropathic pain component was unlikely).

Conclusions:

This study suggests that neuropathic pain as identified by the painDETECT questionnaire may be common in patients with chronic lower limb tendinopathy conditions. It is unclear if patients with tendinopathy who have neuropathic pain may have poorer outcomes from initial treatments, contributing to the high proportion seen in secondary care. These are results from a single hospital clinic, and comparison with a control group is currently lacking. However, on the results to date, neuropathic pain should be considered in management strategies in patients with chronic tendinopathy.
The Snowden Archive-in-a-Box: A year of travelling experiments in outreach and education
Authors: Light Evan
Published: November 2016

The Snowden Archive-in-a-Box is an offline wireless network and web server providing private access to a replica of the Snowden Digital Surveillance Archive. The online version is hosted by Canadian Journalists for Free Expression. A work-in-development since April 2015, the Archive-in-a-Box is both a research tool and a tool for public education on data surveillance. The original version is powered with battery packs and housed in a 1960s spy style briefcase. When it is turned on, anybody in the vicinity can access the archive by connecting their wireless device to the Snowden Archive WiFi network and browsing to a website. Open the briefcase up and one finds a wood panel with a flatscreen inset, playing back the IP traffic of the archive's current users. Thus, while an audience such as a class of students or workshop group can access the Snowden documents and learn about mass surveillance from primary materials, they are also shown what data surveillance ‘looks like’. This Commentary explores my experiences during the first year of the Snowden Archive-in-a-Box. I examine my experiences as an international traveller carrying a suspicious briefcase of Top Secret materials and this project's reception by certain audiences. The project is still a prototype, yet it is quickly gathering a following and a number of permanent installations around the world. What could this mean for the future of surveillance education and leaks-enabled research?
Branding the Self on Yelp: Consumer Reviewing as Image Entrepreneurship
Authors: Kuehn Kathleen M.
Published: November 2016

This research offers a case study of how consumer reviewing on Yelp.com is conceived by users as a viable platform for constructing and promoting a self-brand. A thematic analysis of 18 in-depth interviews conducted with Yelp reviewers examines the various practices and relations involved in the self-branding process. Findings reveal that authenticity, feedback, and positive affect are of central importance to the task of “image entrepreneurship.” Although consumer reviewers commodify their own image to build a reputation for others, participants recognize consumer reviewing and self-branding as mutually constituted sites of productivity with recognizable market value. At the same time, Yelp’s commercial nature complicates the potential range of agency and empowerment experienced. As a tool for self-branding, consumer reviewing is evaluated as a mechanism of the post-Fordist social factory in which notions of work are dispersed into all spheres of life.
An Unusual Case of Raghib Defect and Double-Orifice Tricuspid Valve
Authors: Egbe Alexander C. , Said Sameh M. , McLeod Christopher J. , Barbara David W. , Connolly Heidi M.
Published: November 2016

Raghib defect and double-orifice tricuspid valve are two rare congenital heart defects. We report a case of a 42-year-old man with both Raghib defect and DOTV. The patient underwent reroofing of the coronary sinus with an intra-atrial baffle and annuloplasty of the tricuspid and mitral valves via median sternotomy.
Weekly versus every-three-weeks platinum-based chemoradiation regimens for head and neck cancer
Authors: Melotek James M. , Cooper Benjamin T. , Koshy Matthew , Silverman Joshua S. , Spiotto Michael T.
Published: November 2016

Background

The majority of chemoradiation (CRT) trials for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have relied on platinum-based chemotherapy regimens administered every-3-weeks. However, given the increased utilization of weekly platinum regimens, it remains unclear how different chemotherapy schedules compare regarding efficacy and toxicity.

Methods

We retrospectively identified 212 patients with HNSCC who were treated at a single academic medical center with concurrent platinum-based CRT given weekly ( N = 68) or every-three-weeks ( N = 144). JMP version 10 (SAS Institute) was used for statistical analysis. Discrete variables were compared with the chi-square test and differences in the medians were assessed using the Wilcoxon test. Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method and significance was assessed using the log rank test. For univariate analysis and multivariate analysis, we used Cox proportional hazard or logistic regression models to compare differences in survival or differences in categorical variables, respectively.

Results

Patients receiving weekly platinum regimens were more likely to be older (median age 61.4 vs. 55.5 y; P < .001), have high or very high Charlson comorbidity index (45.6% vs. 27.8%; P = .01), and receive carboplatin-based chemotherapy (6.3% vs. 76.5%; P < .001). Weekly and every-3-week platinum regimens had similar locoregional control (HR 1.10; 95% CI 0.63–1.88; P = .72), progression-free survival (HR 1.13; 95% CI 0.75–1.69; P = .55), and overall survival (HR 1.11; 95% CI 0.64–1.86; P = .71). Every-3-weeks platinum regimens were associated with increased days of hospitalization (median: 3 days vs. 0 days; P = .03) and acute kidney injury (AKI) during radiotherapy (50.0% vs. 22.1%; P < .001). On multivariate analysis, AKI was significantly associated with every-3-weeks regimens (OR: 24.38; 95% CI 3.00–198.03; P = .003) and high comorbidity scores (OR: 2.74; 95% CI 2.15–5.99; P = .01).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that every-3-weeks and weekly platinum-containing CRT regimens have similar disease control but weekly platinum regimens are associated with less acute toxicity.