bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impacts of household structure on the individual stochastic travel and out‐of‐home activity time budgets
Authors: Susilo Yusak O. , Avineri Erel
Published: June 2013

The amount of time individuals and households spend in travelling and in out‐of‐door activities can be seen as a result of complex daily interactions between household members, influenced by opportunities and constraints, which vary from day to day. Extending the deterministic concept of travel time budget to a stochastic term and applying a stochastic frontier model to a dataset from the 2004 UK National Travel Survey, this study examines the hidden stochastic limit and the variations of the individual and household travel time and out‐of‐home activity duration—concepts associated with travel time budget. The results show that most individuals may not have reached the limit of their ability to travel and may still be able to spend further time in travel activities. The analysis of the model outcomes and distribution tests show that among a range of employment statuses, only full‐time workers' out‐of‐home time expenditure has reached its limit. Also observed is the effect of having children in the household: Children reduce the flexibility of hidden constraints of adult household members' out‐of‐home time, thus reducing their ability to be further engaged with out‐of‐home activities. Even when out‐of‐home trips are taken into account in the analysis, the model shows that the dependent children's in‐home responsibility reduces the ability of an individual to travel to and to be engaged with out‐of‐home activities. This study also suggests that, compared with the individual travel time spent, the individual out‐of‐home time expenditure may perform as a better budget indicator in drawing the constraints of individual space–time prisms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LC‐MS/MS method for the determination of pitolisant: application to rat pharmacokinetic and brain penetration studies
Authors: Nirogi Ramakrishna , Ajjala Devender Reddy , Kandikere Vishwottam , Pantangi Hanumanth Rao , Jonnala Mahesh Reddy , Bhyrapuneni Gopinadh , Muddana Nageswar Rao , Vurimindi Himabindu
Published: June 2013

A simple and sensitive LC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantitation of pitolisant, an H3 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist. Acetonitrile protein precipitation technique was used to prepare rat blood and brain tissue homogenate samples by using aripiprazole as internal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was performed by using Xbridge column (2.1 × 50 mm, 3.5 µm) with a gradient elution program. The mobile phase consists of ammonium formate (10 mm) with 0.2% formic acid and acetonitrile. Multiple reaction monitoring mode was used in positive polarity with a transition of m/z 296.3 → 98.2 for the pitolisant and m/z 448.2 → 285.3 for the IS. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.1–100 ng/mL in both the blood and brain homogenate samples. This method was applied to quantify samples obtained from the pharmacokinetic and brain penetration studies in male wistar rats. Mean maximum concentration, area under the curve from zero to infinity and half‐life of the pitolisant were found to be 3.4 ± 1.7 ng/mL, 5 ± 4 ng h/mL and 1.9 ± 0.3 h, respectively, after a 3 mg/kg oral dose. The mean calculated concentrations in the brain were found to be 38, 60 and 52 ng/g at 0.5, 1 and 2 h, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An online coupled peritoneal macrophage/cell membrane chromatography and high‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method to screen for anti‐inflammatory components from the Chinese traditional medicine Chloranthus multistachys Pei
Authors: Li Weifeng , Xing Wei , Wang Sicen , Fan Ting , Huang Huimin , Niu Xiaofeng , He Langchong
Published: June 2013

Cell membrane chromatography (CMC) is a chromatographic biological affinity method that uses specific cell membranes as the stationary phase. In this study, a novel peritoneal macrophage/cell membrane chromatography (PM/CMC)–online‐high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) method was established to screen for the anti‐inflammatory components from traditional Chinese medicines using hydrocortisone and dexamethasone as standards. The stationary phase of the CMC employed mouse peritoneal macrophage cell membranes. This method was applied to the purification and identification of components in extracts of Chloranthus multistachys Pei. The major component retained by CMC was identified as isofraxidin by HPLC/MS. In vitro experiments revealed that IF was able to inhibit the production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor‐α in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated mice and peritoneal macrophages in a dose‐dependent manner. The results demonstrated that the PM/CMC‐online‐HPLC/MS is an effective screening system for the rapid detection, enrichment, and identification of target components from complex samples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term control of large pontine arteriovenous malformation using gamma knife therapy: a review with illustrative case
Authors: Mortazavi Martin M. , Patel Daxa , Griessenauer Christoph J. , Tubbs R. Shane , Fisher Winfield S.
Published: June 2013

Brain stem arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare and their clinical management is controversial. A location in highly eloquent areas and a greater risk of radionecrosis are both serious issues for radiosurgery of this entity. We report a case of a pontine AVM treated successfully with gamma knife therapy. At 3 years angiographic follow‐up, imaging demonstrated complete thrombosis and there were no new neurological deficits, and at 7 years clinical follow‐up, the patient continued to be neurologically stable. Although all treatments carry risk of neurological compromise, gamma knife therapy may offer the best treatment option for brain stem AVMs as seen in the case presented herein. This case illustrates a rare case of holo‐pontine AVM tolerating gamma radiation with complete angiographical response and minimal neurological sequalae.
Use of regadenoson for measurement of fractional flow reserve
Authors: Prasad Aditya , Zareh Meena , Doherty Reece , Gopal Ambarish , Vora Hita , Somma Keith , Mehra Anilkumar , Clavijo Leonardo C. , Matthews Ray V. , Shavelle David M.
Published: June 2013

Objective

To compare the use of regadenoson to adenosine for measurement of fractional flow reserve (FFR).

Background

FFR is an accepted method to assess the functional significance of intermediate coronary artery stenoses and uses adenosine to induce maximal hyperemia. The use of the selective A2a receptor agonist regadenoson for FFR is not established.

Methods

Fifty‐seven patients undergoing clinically indicated FFR assessment of intermediate coronary stenoses were included. For the initial assessment of FFR, hyperemia was achieved by a standard intravenous adenosine infusion (140 mcg/kg/min). After a washout period of 10 min, FFR was reassessed using regadenoson as a single 0.4 mg intravenous bolus. FFR measurements were recorded at baseline and following maximal hyperemia with both agents.

Results

Mean age was 57 ± 8 years and 47 were male. Sixty coronary lesions were evaluated and were located in the left anterior descending in 34, the left circumflex in 9, right coronary in 15, and left main coronary artery in 2. Mean ( ± SD) FFR following adenosine and regadenoson was 0.79 ( ± 0.09) and 0.79 (±0.09), respectively, P = NS. Time to FFR nadir was shorter with regadenoson compared to adenosine, 36.6 ± 24 versus 66 ± 0.19 sec, P < 0.0001, respectively. No patients experienced any significant side effects related to regadenoson.

Conclusions

Regadenoson is a viable alternative to intravenous adenosine for achieving maximal hyperemia during FFR assessment. Compared to adenosine, regadenoson has a similar hemodynamic response, achieves more rapid hyperemia, is easier to use, and has an excellent side‐effect profile. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exercise right heart catheterization for inferior vena cava obstruction: Confirming the hemodynamic significance of an anatomic lesion
Authors: Eleid Mackram F. , Bjarnason Haraldur , Frye Robert L. , Nishimura Rick A.
Published: June 2013

Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare condition characterized by the presence of inflammatory and fibrous retroperitoneal tissue that surrounds and often encases abdominal structures. In this report we describe an unusual presentation of retroperitoneal fibrosis and inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction that was unidentified by noninvasive testing and ultimately diagnosed using exercise right heart catheterization and venography. Exercise hemodynamic catheterization revealed a high pressure gradient across the IVC obstruction during exercise that resulted in reduced preload and inappropriately low cardiac output reserve. The patient ultimately underwent angioplasty and stenting of the obstruction resulting in resolution of his symptoms. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early results with the LARIAT device for left atrial appendage exclusion in patients with atrial fibrillation at high risk for stroke and anticoagulation
Authors: Stone Diana , Byrne Timothy , Pershad Ashish
Published: June 2013

Objectives

To evaluate early outcomes of left atrial appendage (LAA) closure via a percutaneous LAA ligation approach with the SentreHeart LARIAT™ snare device.

Background

Atrial fibrillation increases the risk of stroke 4–5 fold, which can have devastating outcomes. Exclusion of the LAA is believed to decrease the risk of embolic stroke.

Methods

Twenty‐seven patients with atrial fibrillation, a high risk of stroke, and contraindication or intolerance for anticoagulation therapy underwent percutaneous ligation of the LAA with the LARIAT device. Initial LAA closure was confirmed with TEE and contrast fluoroscopy.

Results

The acute procedural success was 92.6%. One patient sustained a perforation of the LAA and was treated conservatively. The patient underwent LAA closure surgically the next day. In one patient the attempt to advance the LARIAT over the LAA was unsuccessful. Patients were followed for a mean of 4 months. Preserved LAA closure was confirmed with a 45 day follow‐up TEE in 22 of 25 patients completing the procedure. Peri‐operative complications included three cases of pericarditis and one case of a periprocedural CVA due to thrombus formation on the transseptal sheath. During follow‐up, there was one stroke thought to be noncardioembolic and one pleural effusion. There were no deaths.

Conclusions

These results show that percutaneous LAA exclusion can be achieved successfully with an acceptable rate of periprocedural and short‐term complications. Further studies and longer follow‐up are needed to determine whether LAA exclusion lowers the long‐term risk of thromboembolic events in patients with AF and contraindications to anticoagulation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Porous Protein Crystals as Reaction Vessels
Authors: Ueno Takafumi
Published: June 2013

Porous protein crystals have the potential to provide new porous materials due to their unique chemical environments composed of amino acid residues periodically exposed at the surface of the solvent channels in the crystal lattice. This enables accumulation of external compounds in special arrangements by metal coordination interactions or by chemical modifications. This article presents a review of advances in the recently established field of porous protein crystals.
Biomimetic Synthesis of Materials for Technology
Authors: Galloway Johanna M. , Bramble Jonathan P. , Staniland Sarah S.
Published: June 2013

In a world with ever decreasing natural reserves, researchers are striving to find sustainable methods of producing components for technology. Bioinspired, biokleptic and biomimetic materials can be used to form a wide range of technologically relevant materials under environmentally friendly conditions. Here we investigate a range of biotemplated and bioinspired materials that can be used to develop components for devices, such as optics, photonics, photovoltaics, circuits and data storage.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structural and Spectroscopic Properties of the New Triclinic Form of GdBO3:Eu3+ Nanocrystals.
Authors: Szczeszak Agata , Grzyb Tomasz , Barszcz Boleslaw , Nagirnyi Vitali , Kotlov Aleksei , Lis Stefan
Published: June 2013

Triclinic Gd1‐xEuxBO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) nanophosphors are prepared by hydrothermal reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Gd(OAc)3 and Eu(OAc)3 together with 25% excess H3BO3 and H2O (autoclave, 180 °C, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: BaFe9LiO15: A New Layered Antiferromagnetic Ferrite.
Authors: Yang Tao , Daoud‐Aladine Aziz , Thomas Michael F. , Claridge John B. , Rosseinsky Matthew J.
Published: June 2013

BaFe9LiO15 is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of BaCO3, Fe2O3, and Li2CO3 (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Interlayer Switching of Reduction in Layered Oxide, Bi4V2O11‐δ (0 ≤ δ ≤ 1).
Authors: Zhang Yaoqing , Ueda Yutaka
Published: June 2013

Polycrystalline Bi4V2O11‐δ samples are prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Bi2O3, V2O3, and V2O5 (sealed quartz tube, 600 °C, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt Polyoxometalates as Heterogeneous Water Oxidation Catalysts.
Authors: Soriano‐Lopez Joaquin , Goberna‐Ferron Sara , Vigara Laura , Carbo Jorge J. , Poblet Josep M. , Galan‐Mascaros Jose Ramon
Published: June 2013

A polyoxometalate‐modified amorphous carbon electrode is prepared by blending water insoluble Cs15K [Co9(H2O)6(OH)3 (HPO4)2(PW9O34)3] ·41H2O with carbon paste.
ChemInform Abstract: Sol‐Gel Synthesis and Photocatalytic Study of Visible Light Active N‐Doped KSbWO6.
Authors: Reddy J. R. , Ravi G. , Veldurthi Naveen Kumar , Velchuri Radha , Pola Someshwar , Vithal Muga , Sreedhar B.
Published: June 2013

KSbWO6 is prepared by a sol—gel method starting with an aqueous mixture of antimony potassium tartrate, tungsten powder, H2O2, citric acid, and ethylene glycol at 100 °C for 2—3 h followed by heating at 700 °C for 8 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Productive Asymmetric Michael Addition: Development of a Highly Enantioselective Quinidine‐Based Organocatalyst for Homogeneous Recycling via Nanofiltration.
Authors: Siew Weiming Eugene , Ates Celal , Merschaert Alain , Livingston Andrew G.
Published: June 2013

A series of enlarged quinidine‐derived organocatalysts are synthesized based on the concept of polyalkylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoreduction of Aliphatic and Aromatic Thioketals: New Access to the Reduction of Carbonyl Groups by a Desulfurization Chain Process.
Authors: Oksdath‐Mansilla Gabriela , Argueello Juan E. , Penenory Alicia B.
Published: June 2013

The photoinduced reduction of dithianes and related compounds to the corresponding hydrocarbons uses 1,4‐cyclohexadiene as the hydrogen source in the presence of KOtBu.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridine Group Assisted Addition of Diazo‐Compounds to Imines in the 3‐CC Reaction of 2‐Aminopyridines, Aldehydes, and Diazo‐Compounds.
Authors: Gulevich Anton V. , Helan Victoria , Wink Donald J. , Gevorgyan Vladimir
Published: June 2013

A novel three‐component coupling reaction of 2‐aminoazines, aromatic aldehydes, and diazo compounds producing β‐amino‐α‐diazoesters is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical One‐Pot Conversion of Aryl Bromides and β‐Bromostyrenes into Aromatic Nitriles and Cinnamonitriles.
Authors: Ishii Genki , Harigae Ryo , Moriyama Katsuhiko , Togo Hideo
Published: June 2013

This environmentally benign one‐pot method avoids toxic metal cyanides or rare metals to prepare aromatic nitriles from aryl halides via formation of Grignard reagents and their dimethylformamide or N‐formylpiperidine adducts.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of C—H Bonds in Aromatic Amides Containing a Bidentate Directing Group: Significant Electronic Effects on Arylation.
Authors: Aihara Yoshinori , Chatani Naoto
Published: June 2013

The title reaction proceeds selectively at the less hindered C—H bonds of meta‐substituted aromatic amides (I).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Rhodium‐Catalyzed, Base‐ and Solvent‐Free Synthesis of 2‐(Bromomethyl)furan Derivatives and Synthesis of Hashmi Phenol Through Platinum‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization.
Authors: Sivaraman Mahalingam , Muralidharan Doraiswamy , Perumal Paramasivan T.
Published: June 2013

Dicarbonyl iodonium ylides, generated in situ, react with propargyl bromide to produce furan derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Indolylglycines via an Asymmetric Oxidative Heterocoupling Reaction of a Chiral Nickel(II) Complex and Indoles.
Authors: Lin Daizong , Wang Jiang , Zhang Xu , Zhou Shengbin , Lian Jie , Jiang Hualiang , Liu Hong
Published: June 2013

The chiral auxiliary (I) can be recovered in nearly quantitative yield.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Efficient Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Substituted Isoindolinone Derivatives via Ligand‐Free Pd‐Catalyzed Domino C—C/C—N Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Tyagi Vikas , Khan Shahnawaz , Chauhan Prem M. S.
Published: June 2013

The reaction of various aromatic amides with isocyanides (II) and (VII) affords isoindolinone derivatives in moderate to good yield and high stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Rearrangement of N‐Aryl 2‐Alkynylazetidines to Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indoles.
Authors: Kern Nicolas , Hoffmann Marie , Blanc Aurelien , Weibel Jean‐Marc , Pale Patrick
Published: June 2013

A new and efficient Au‐catalyzed rearrangement reaction is reported to synthesize the title compounds in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Pyrazoline Derivatives Bearing a Dithiocarbamate Moiety as New Cholinesterase Inhibitors.
Authors: Altintop Mehlika D. , Oezdemir Ahmet , Kaplancikli Zafer A. , Turan‐Zitouni Guelhan , Temel Halide E. , Ciftci Guelsen A.
Published: June 2013

30 Title compounds of type (III), and (V) are prepared and evaluated for their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Straightforward Method for One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,4,5‐Triarylimidazoles Using Titanium Dioxide as an Eco‐Friendly and Recyclable Catalyst under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Brahmachari Goutam , Das Suvankar
Published: June 2013

An efficient synthesis of the title compounds (III) (13 examples) by three‐component one‐pot condensation of 1,2‐diketones, aryl aldehydes, and ammonium acetate using titanium dioxide as mild and effective catalyst is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazolines by Chiral Iron(II)‐Complex Catalyzed Cyclization of α‐Isocyano Esters and Azodicarboxylates.
Authors: Wang Min , Liu Xiaohua , He Peng , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: June 2013

Subsequent selective protection group modifications can be accomplished without relevant racemization.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed and KOtBu‐Promoted Caryl—Oalcoholic Coupling: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Oxygen‐Containing Fused Rings.
Authors: Ahmed Atiur , Dhara Shubhendu , Ray Jayanta K.
Published: June 2013

A convenient approach to benzochromene derivatives is achieved via hydride reduction of aldehydes (III) and subsequent intramolecular Pd‐catalyzed cyclization of the resulting alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Anthelmintic Activity of 3‐(4‐Acetyl‐5‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Sudha B. Naga , Sridhar C. , Sastry V. Girija , Reddy Y. S. R. , Sreevidya Owk , Lavanya S. , Jyothi V. Asha , Nagesh V. , Sen Saikat , Chakraborty Raja
Published: June 2013

All the title compounds (VIII) show remarkable in vitro anthelmintic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 3‐Arylpyridine Derivatives by Palladacycle‐Catalyzed Stille Cross‐Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Ma Gaizhi , Leng Yuting , Wu Yusheng , Wu Yangjie
Published: June 2013

Cyclopalladated ferrocenylimines catalyze the Stille cross‐coupling reaction of aryl halides with alkylstannylpyridines, enabling the synthesis of arylpyridines in moderate to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Molecular Modeling and Biological Evaluation of 2‐Aminomethyl‐5‐(quinolin‐2‐yl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2(3H)‐thione Quinolone Derivatives as Novel Anticancer Agent.
Authors: Sun Juan , Zhu Hui , Yang Zhong‐Ming , Zhu Hai‐Liang
Published: June 2013

Most of the synthesized compounds, especially derivatives (IIIc) and (IIId), exhibit substantial broad‐spectrum antitumor activities.
ChemInform Abstract: A General and Facile Synthesis of Novel Polysubstituted Quinazolin‐4‐(3H)‐ones
Authors: Xin Minhang , Gao Ying , Xiang Hua , Chen Dong , He Yi , You Qidong
Published: June 2013

involving a Fe‐mediated reduction and acid‐catalyzed cyclization of o‐nitrobenzamides (III) as the key step
ChemInform Abstract: Peculiarities of Cyclization of Ethyl 2‐Ethoxymethylene‐3‐oxo‐3‐(polyfluoroalkyl)propionates with 3‐Amino‐5‐hydroxypyrazole.
Authors: Goryaeva Marina V. , Burgart Yanina V. , Saloutin Viktor I.
Published: June 2013

The title reaction leads to dihydropyrazolopyrimidines (III), which suffer an unprecedented recyclization into pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridines (IV) in refluxing EtOH.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of a Recyclable Fluorous Oxime in the Convenient Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐1,2‐benzisoxazoles and 4‐Amino‐1H‐2,3‐benzoxazines.
Authors: Ang Wei Jie , Chu Chi‐Yuan , Chou Tzyy‐Chao , Lo Lee‐Chiang , Lam Yulin
Published: June 2013

The strategy comprises linking the respective benzonitrile (I) or (III) to a fluorous oxime tag to give an aryloxime intermediate which then undergoes cyclization with cleavage of the substrate‐tag to provide title compounds (II) and (IV), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pinacol Arylboronates from Aromatic Amines: A Metal‐Free Transformation.
Authors: Qiu Di , Jin Liang , Zheng Zhitong , Meng He , Mo Fanyang , Wang Xi , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo
Published: June 2013

With optimized reaction conditions the substrates scope is significantly expanded to various aniline derivatives, esp.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferroelectric Field Effect Control of Magnetism in Multiferroic Heterostructures
Authors: Vaz Carlos A. F. , Ahn Charles H.
Published: June 2013

Review: 138 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Renaissance of Isocyanoarenes as Ligands in Low‐Valent Organometallics
Authors: Barybin Mikhail V. , Meyers John J. Jr. , Neal Brad M.
Published: June 2013

Review: 116 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Journey Describing Applications of Oxone in Synthetic Chemistry
Authors: Hussain Hidayat , Green Ivan R. , Ahmed Ishtiaq
Published: June 2013

Review: 644 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Conjugated Nitrodienes. Synthesis and Reactivity
Authors: Ballini Roberto , Araujo Noelia , Gil Maria V. , Roman Emilio , Serrano Jose A.
Published: June 2013

Review: 179 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photon‐Upconverting Nanoparticles for Optical Encoding and Multiplexing of Cells, Biomolecules, and Microspheres.
Authors: Gorris Hans H. , Wolfbeis Otto S.
Published: June 2013

Review: 243 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dicyanamide Ionic Liquids: A Versatile Precursor System for Advanced Mesoporous Materials and Functional Composites
Authors: Paraknowitsch Jens Peter , Tuaev Xenia , Strasser Peter , Thomas Arne
Published: June 2013

Review: 31 refs.
Self‐concordance for empirical likelihood
Authors: Owen Art B.
Published: June 2013

The usual approach to computing empirical likelihood for the mean uses Newton's method after eliminating a Lagrange multiplier and replacing the function by a quadratic Taylor approximation to the left of . This paper replaces the quadratic approximation by a quartic. The result is a self‐concordant function for which Newton's method with backtracking has theoretical convergence guarantees. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 41: 387–397; 2013 © 2013 Statistical Society of Canada
Social environment, secondary smoking exposure, and smoking cessation among head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Kashigar Aidin , Habbous Steven , Eng Lawson , Irish Brendan , Bissada Eric , Irish Jonathan , Brown Dale , Gilbert Ralph , Gullane Patrick , Xu Wei , Huang Shao‐Hui , Witterick Ian , Freeman Jeremy , O'Sullivan Brian , Waldron John , Liu Geoffrey , Goldstein David
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND

Smoking during treatment of squamous cell head and neck cancer (HNC) has adverse affects on toxicity, treatment, and survival. The purpose of this report was to evaluate sociodemographic predictors of smoking cessation in HNC patients to support the development of a smoking cessation program.

METHODS

Newly diagnosed HNC patients (2007‐2010) at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre treated with curative intent were prospectively recruited. Patients completed self‐reported baseline and follow‐up questionnaires, assessing changes in social habits. Predictors of smoking cessation and time to quitting were evaluated using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models, respectively.

RESULTS

Of 295 HNC patients, 49% were current smokers at diagnosis, and 50% quit after diagnosis. These individuals were more likely to have smoked for fewer years (P = .0003), never used other forms of tobacco (P = .0003), and consumed less alcohol (P = .002). No cigarette exposure at home (OR, 7.44 [3.04‐18.2]), no spousal smoking (OR, 4.25 [1.70‐10.6]), and having fewer friends who smoke (OR, 2.32 [1.00‐5.37]) were consistent predictors of smoking cessation after diagnosis. Having none of these exposures (OR, 13.8 [4.13‐46.0]) and seeing a family physician (OR, 3.92 [1.38‐11.2]) were independently associated with smoking cessation and time‐to‐quitting analyses. Most HNC patients (68%) quit within 6 months of diagnosis. Patients who were ex‐smokers at diagnosis were older (P < .0001), more likely to be female (P = .0002), more likely to be married (P = .0004), more educated (P = .01), and had fewer pack‐years of smoking (P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS

Spousal smoking, peer smoking, smoke exposure at home, and seeing a family physician were strongly and consistently associated with smoking cessation and time to quitting after a HNC diagnosis. Cancer 2013;119:2701–2709. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
A disease‐specific enteral nutrition formula improves nutritional status and functional performance in patients with head and neck and esophageal cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy: Results of a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial
Authors: Fietkau Rainer , Lewitzki Victor , Kuhnt Thomas , Hölscher Tobias , Hess Clemens‐F. , Berger Bernhard , Wiegel Thomas , Rödel Claus , Niewald Marcus , Hermann Robert M. , Lubgan Dorota
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND

In patients with head and neck and esophageal tumors, nutritional status may deteriorate during concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of enteral nutrition enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on body composition and nutritional and functional status.

METHODS

In a controlled, randomized, prospective, double‐blind, multicenter study, 111 patients with head and neck and esophageal cancer undergoing concurrent CRT received either an enteral standard nutrition (control group) or disease‐specific enteral nutrition Supportan®‐containing EPA+DHA (experimental group) via percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. The primary endpoint was the change of body cell mass (BCM) following CRT at weeks 7 and 14 compared with the baseline value. Secondary endpoints were additional parameters of body composition, anthropometric parameters, and nutritional and functional status.

RESULTS

The primary endpoint of the study, improvement in BCM, reached borderline statistical significance. Following CRT, patients with experimental nutrition lost only 0.82 ± 0.64 kg of BCM compared with 2.82 ± 0.77 kg in the control group (P = .055). The objectively measured nutritional parameters, such as body weight and fat‐free mass, showed a tendency toward improvement, but the differences were not significant. The subjective parameters, in particular the Kondrup score (P = .0165) and the subjective global assessment score (P = .0065) after follow‐up improved significantly in the experimental group, compared with the control group. Both enteral regimens were safe and well tolerated.

CONCLUSION

Enteral nutrition with EPA and DHA may be advantageous in patients with head and neck or esophageal cancer by improving parameters of nutritional and functional status during CRT. Cancer 2013;119:3343–53. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Enhanced Performance in Inverted Polymer Solar Cells with D–π–A‐Type Molecular Dye Incorporated on ZnO Buffer Layer
Authors: Song Chang Eun , Ryu Ka Yeon , Hong Seong‐Jin , Bathula Chinna , Lee Sang Kyu , Shin Won Suk , Lee Jong‐Cheol , Choi Si Kyung , Kim Joo Hyun , Moon Sang‐Jin
Published: June 2013

We report the superior characteristics of a ZnO buffer layer covered with a phenothiazine‐based, π‐conjugated donor–acceptor (D–π–A)‐type organic dye (called “d‐ZnO”). The use of this system for the performance enhancement of inverted bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (PSCs) with the configuration of indium tin oxide/d‐ZnO/polymer:PC71BM/MoO3/Ag (PC71BM=[6,6]‐phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester) is investigated. The layer of organic dyes anchored on the ZnO surface through carboxylate bonding reduces the shunt path on bare ZnO surface and provides better interfacial contacts and energy level alignments between the ZnO layer and the photoactive layer. This phenomenon consequently leads to highly enhanced photovoltaic parameters (fill factor, open‐circuit voltage, and short‐circuit current density) and power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Inverted solar cells containing the d‐ZnO layer not only revealed about 34 % (PCE: 4.37 %) and 18 % (PCE: 7.11 %) improvement in the PCEs of the representative poly‐3(hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and low‐band‐gap poly{[4,8‐bis‐(2‐ethyl‐hexyl‐thiophene‐5‐yl)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b’]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl]‐alt‐[2‐(2’‐ethylhexanoyl)‐thieno[3,4‐b]thiophen‐4,6‐diyl]} (PBDTTT‐C‐T) polymer systems, respectively, but also showed 2–4 times longer device lifetimes than their counterparts without the organic dye layer. These results demonstrate that this simple approach used in inverted PSCs with a metal oxide buffer layer could become a promising procedure to fabricate highly efficient and stable PSCs.
Nichtlinearer Nachweis von Mauerwerksbauten
Authors: Butenweg Christoph , Gellert Christoph
Published: June 2013

In dem Beitrag werden die wesentlichen Ergebnisse des durch die Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen “Otto von Guericke“ e.V. AIF geförderten Forschungsprojektes Nr. 15824 N zum nichtlinearen Nachweis von Mauerwerksbauten unter seismischen Beanspruchungen sowie deren Verwendung in weitergehenden Arbeiten vorgestellt. Inhaltlich wurden in dem Projekt durch experimentelle Untersuchungen zyklische Last‐Verformungskurven für Schubwände aus Ziegelmauerwerk unter Berücksichtigung der Exzentrizitäten an Wandkopf und Wandfuß ermittelt. Aus diesen wurden bilineare Approximationen für die Last‐Verformungskurven der Schubwände abgeleitet, die dann im Rahmen von nichtlinearen verformungsbasierten Berechnungen zur systematischen rechnerischen Untersuchung von verschiedenen Gebäudekonfigurationen verwendet wurden.

Nonlinear safety verification of masonry buildings under earthquake loading. Results of the AIF research project. The article presents the essential results of the AIF research project No. 15824 N about the nonlinear safety verification of masonry buildings under earthquake loading and their application in further projects. Within the project cyclic load‐displacement curves were determined by means of experimental tests considering the eccentricities at the wall top and bottom. The obtained experimental results were used for the derivation of bilinear approximated load‐displacement curves of masonry shear walls and applied in nonlinear deformation based calculations of different building configurations.
Lochmauerwerk – eine Bestandsaufnahme und Lösungsansätze zum Tragverhalten
Authors: Schmidt Falko , Ortlepp Sebastian
Published: June 2013

Lochmauerwerk ist sehr durchlässig hinsichtlich Luft, Schall, Wärme und Licht. Dadurch ist es für bestimmte Einsatzgebiete prädestiniert. Insbesondere bei Projekten mit begrenzten finanziellen Mitteln und/oder engen terminlichen Zwängen ist der Einsatz der licht‐ und luftdurchlässigen Bauweise empfehlenswert, weil diese Konstruktionsart materialeffizient, einfach und schnell realisierbar ist. In unbeheizten Bereichen zeigt diese aufgelöste Wand ihre besonderen architektonischen Vorzüge durch spezielle Lichteffekte. Ein beginnendes Forschungsprojekt an der TU Dresden wird umfangreiche Untersuchungen an dieser Leichtbauweise durchführen, um neue Erkenntnisse zum Tragverhalten zu erlangen.

Hole‐masonry – an inventory including approaches for structural behavior. Hole‐Masonry has high permeabilities to air, noise, heat and light. Due to this, particular applications are favored. Thereby result favorites for its applications. Even in projects with limited resources, the use of a light and air permeable structure is recommended because this type of construction is efficient, quick and easy realizable. This separate casting wall shows in unheated rooms its particular advantages of special light effects. A starting research project at the “Technische Universität Dresden” will do extensive investigations on the behaviour of lightweight construction for publishing new results for the load bearing capacity.
Associations between inhibitory control, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and externalizing problems in early childhood
Authors: Utendale William T. , Nuselovici Jacob , Saint‐Pierre Arnaud B. , Hubert Michele , Chochol Caroline , Hastings Paul D.
Published: June 2013

Polyvagal theory provides a framework for understanding connections between children's autonomic regulation, cognitive functioning, and behavioral adjustment. Parasympathetic regulation has been associated with executive functions and externalizing problems (EP), and children with EP demonstrate deficits in inhibition of prepotent responding, or inhibitory control (IC). We examined parasympathetic regulation of cardiac reactivity during two IC tasks in 144 children (M = 5.61 years, SD = 1.09) ranging from low to clinical levels of EP. Overall children with more EP evidenced greater RSA suppression during IC tasks than did children with fewer EP, and degree of RSA suppression also moderated associations between IC performance and EP. Only for children who showed stronger RSA suppression was accuracy of IC response inversely associated with EP, and latency of response for one task positively associated with EP. This study provides insight into the role of parasympathetic mechanisms in children's cognitive regulation of impulsive and aggressive behaviors. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 686–699, 2014.
N‐Heterocyclic Gallylene Supported Organoruthenium Derivatives – Synthesis, Structure, and C–H Bond Cleavage
Authors: Doddi Adinarayana , Prabusankar Ganesan , Gemel Christian , Winter Manuela , Fischer Roland A.
Published: June 2013

The reaction of the low‐valent and sterically bulky gallium(I) compound Ga(DDP) (1, DDP = 2‐diisopropylphenylamino‐4‐diisopropylimino‐2‐pentene) with an equimolar amount of the tetrahydrido‐bridged complex [Cp*Ru(μ‐H)2]2 (2, Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadiene) in toluene at 70 °C results in the Ga(DDP)‐bridged diruthenium complex [(Cp*Ru)2(μ‐H)2{μ‐Ga(DDP)}] (3). Furthermore, a cyclometallated ruthenium complex, [(η6‐p‐cymene)Ru(DDP)Ga(µ‐Cl){Ga(Cl)(N{C6H3iPr2})2(µ2‐CH2C4H5)}] (6), is isolated from the reaction of five equivalents of 1 with [(η6‐p‐cymene)RuCl2]2 (4) in n‐hexane at reflux. The red crystalline compound 3 contains a [Cp*Ru] dimer bridged by Ga(DDP) and two hydrido ligands with a Ga–Ru–Ru triangle. Compound 6 is obtained by a C–H bond cleavage process of a CH3 group in 1 followed by intramolecular rearrangement. The new compounds are fully characterized by NMR (1H, 13C) spectroscopy, liquid injection field desorption MS (LIFDI‐MS), and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Total Synthesis of Umuravumbolide and Hyptolide Through Silicon‐Tethered Ring‐Closing Metathesis
Authors: Chowdhury Partha Sarathi , Kumar Pradeep
Published: June 2013

The total synthesis of umuravumbolide and hyptolide has been achieved in a efficient manner by using temporary silicon‐tethered ring‐closing metathesis and cross‐coupling reactions as key steps. The stereogenic centres were generated by means of proline‐catalysed α‐aminoxylation of aldehydes and Brown's asymmetric allylation method.
Synthesis of Specific Solvatochromic D‐π‐A Dyes with Pyridinium Ring as Electron‐Withdrawing Group for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Ooyama Yousuke , Oda Yuichiro , Mizumo Tomonobu , Harima Yutaka , Ohshita Joji
Published: June 2013

Specific solvatochromic D‐π‐A‐type pyridinium dyes were designed and developed as photosensitizers for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The dyes have N‐sulfobutylpyridinium or N‐(carboxybutyl)pyridinium bromide as an electron‐withdrawing anchoring group. The two dyes show specific solvatochromism, leading to a large bathochromic shift of the absorption band in halogenated solvents. Moreover, a dye‐adsorbed TiO2 film immersed into halogenated solvents exhibits specific solvatochromism, as does a dye solution of halogenated solvents. DSSCs based on specific solvatochromic D‐π‐A‐type pyridinium dyes and halogenated solvents as electrolyte solvent were prepared and their photovoltaic performance investigated. It was found that the appropriate combination of solvatochromic dyes with electrolyte solution and the effective interaction between solvatochromic dyes and TiO2 surface can lead to not only an enhancement of light‐harvesting efficiency (LHE), but also efficient electron injection from the dye to the conduction band (CB) of TiO2. This work demonstrates that the solvatochromism of organic dyes is a key consideration for high‐performance DSSCs based on organic dye sensitizers.
Solvent‐Controlled Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohols to Aldehydes and Esters
Authors: Zhu Yefeng , Wei Yunyang
Published: June 2013

A procedure for the copper‐catalyzed selective oxidation of primary alcohols to esters and aldehydes was developed. Under solvent‐free conditions, self‐oxidative esterification and cross‐esterification of benzyl alcohols with various aliphatic alcohols proceed smoothly to give the corresponding esters in good yields. If DMF was used as a solvent, the benzyl alcohols were selectively converted into the corresponding aldehydes in excellent yields.
Di-n-butyl phthalate causes antiestrogenic effects in female murray rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis)
Authors: Bhatia Harpreet , Kumar Anupama , Du Jun , Chapman John , McLaughlin Mike J.
Published: June 2013

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) is an industrial pollutant with antiandrogenic effects reported in male mammals and fish. Little research has been done on the endocrine effects of DnBP in female fish. The present study investigated the changes in ovarian histology and serum vitellogenin concentrations in adult Murray rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis) after exposure to 125 µg/L, 250 µg/L, 500 µg/L, and 1000 µg/L DnBP for 7 d. Treatment at 125 µg/L to 1000 µg/L DnBP for 7 d had no significant effect on the survival, condition factor, gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, and developmental stage of the fish. Based on the histological investigation, the sizes of the previtellogenic oocytes in the fish treated at 250 µg/L to 1000 µg/L were found to be significantly higher than in the corresponding control fish (p ≤ 0.05). The early vitellogenic oocytes in the fish treated at 1000 µg/L were significantly smaller relative to those in the unexposed fish (p ≤ 0.05). Histological changes like chorion folding, shrunken ooplasm, impaired yolk production, granulomatous inflammation, and interstitial fibrosis were observed in the ovaries of the fish treated with DnBP. The circulating levels of plasma vitellogenin were significantly lower in the fish exposed to 500 µg/L and 1000 µg/L DnBP (p ≤ 0.05). These data show that a continuous exposure to subacute concentrations of DnBP for 7 d can cause antiestrogenicity in female adult Murray rainbowfish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2335–2344. © 2013 SETAC
Stabilisation of reduced order models via restarting
Authors: Wales C. , Gaitonde A. , Jones D.
Published: June 2013

This paper describes the development, implementation and validation of an explicit restarting scheme to stabilise reduced order models produced using the Eigensystem Realisation Algorithm. Here, the method is applied to a continuous time fluid dynamics model that is actually solved in discrete time space using a CFD approach. However, the methods described are generic and could be applied to any other similar dynamically linear system. The basic restarting approach successfully stabilises ROMs in the majority of cases. However, there are cases where this approach breaks down. The reasons for this breakdown in the basic restarting scheme are discussed, and the strategies for overcoming this problem are described. These include creating ROMs restricted to a range of time step sizes for a specific finite difference scheme and a more general approach using inexact shifts that overcome the problems associated with closely located eigenvalues. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality assessment of butter cookies applying multispectral imaging
Authors: Andresen Mette S. , Dissing Bjørn S. , Løje Hanne
Published: June 2013

A method for characterization of butter cookie quality by assessing the surface browning and water content using multispectral images is presented. Based on evaluations of the browning of butter cookies, cookies were manually divided into groups. From this categorization, reference values were calculated for a statistical prediction model correlating multispectral images with a browning score. The browning score is calculated as a function of oven temperature and baking time. It is presented as a quadratic response surface. The investigated process window was the intervals 4–16 min and 160–200°C in a forced convection electrically heated oven. In addition to the browning score, a model for predicting the average water content based on the same images is presented. This shows how multispectral images of butter cookies may be used for the assessment of different quality parameters. Statistical analysis showed that the most significant wavelengths for browning predictions were in the interval 400–700 nm and the wavelengths significant for water prediction were primarily located in the near‐infrared spectrum. The water prediction model was found to correctly estimate the average water content with an absolute error of 0.22%. From the images it was also possible to follow the browning and drying propagation from the cookie edge toward the center.
Mineralogical assemblages forming at hyperalkaline warm springs hosted on ultramafic rocks: A case study of Oman and Ligurian ophiolites
Authors: Chavagnac Valérie , Ceuleneer Georges , Monnin Christophe , Lansac Benjamin , Hoareau Guilhem , Boulart Cédric
Published: June 2013

We report on the mineralogical assemblages found in the hyperalkaline springs hosted on Liguria and Oman ophiolites based on exhaustive X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microprobe analyses. In Liguria, hyperalkaline springs produce a thin brownish calcite precipitate that covers the bedrock due to the concomitant atmospheric CO2 uptake and neutralization of the hyperalkaline waters. No brucite and portlandite minerals are observed. The discharge of alkaline waters in Oman ophiolite forms white‐orange precipitates. Calcium carbonate minerals (calcite and/or aragonite) are the most abundant and ubiquitous precipitates and are produced by the same mechanism as in Liguria. This process is observed as a thin surface crust made of rhombohedral calcite. Morphological features of aragonite vary from needle‐, bouquet‐, dumbbell‐, spheroidal‐like habitus according to the origin of carbon, temperature, and ionic composition of the hyperalkaline springs, and the biochemical and organic compounds. Brucite is observed both at hyperalkaline springs located at the thrust plane and at the paleo‐Moho. The varying mixing proportions between the surface runoff waters and the hyperalkaline ones control brucite precipitation. The layered double hydroxide minerals occur solely in the vicinity of hyperalkaline springs emerging within the bedded gabbros. Finally, the dominant mineralogical associations we found in Oman (Ca‐bearing carbonates and brucite) in a serpentinizing environment driven by the meteoric waters are surprisingly the same as those observed at the Lost City hydrothermal site in a totally marine environment.
Synchronization between tides and sustained oscillations of the hydrothermal system of Campi Flegrei (Italy)
Authors: De Lauro E. , De Martino S. , Falanga M. , Petrosino S.
Published: June 2013

Long continuous seismic data recorded at five broadband seismic stations during 2006 at Campi Flegrei caldera have been analyzed. Introducing a coarse‐grained method, we evaluate the time evolution of amplitude and polarization of the seismic noise in the frequency band common to long‐period events. The series are modulated on tidal time scales: the root‐mean square is basically dominated by solar contribution, while the azimuth of the polarization vector shows lunar diurnal and semidiurnal constituents. In addition, we find that in the frequency band common to long‐period events the azimuths are polarized toward a specific area, suggesting that these persistent oscillations can be induced by the activity of the shallow geothermal reservoir.
TRMM precipitation bias in extreme storms in South America
Authors: Rasmussen Kristen L. , Choi Stella L. , Zuluaga Manuel D. , Houze Robert A.
Published: June 2013

Deep convective storms in subtropical South America are some of the most intense in the world, and the hydrological cycle plays an important role in both tropical and subtropical South America. Recent studies have suggested that the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar algorithm significantly underestimates surface rainfall in deep convection over land. This study investigates the range of the rain bias in storms containing four different types of extreme radar echoes: deep convective cores, deep and wide convective cores, wide convective cores, and broad stratiform regions over South America. Storms with deep convective cores show the greatest underestimation, and the bias is unrelated to their echo top height. The bias in wide convective cores relates to the echo top, indicating that storms with significant mixed phase and ice hydrometeors are similarly affected by assumptions in the TRMM algorithm. The relationship between storm type and rain bias remains similar in both subtropical and tropical regions.
Linked frequency and intensity of persistent volcanic activity at Stromboli (Italy)
Authors: Taddeucci J. , Palladino D. M. , Sottili G. , Bernini D. , Andronico D. , Cristaldi A.
Published: June 2013

Relationships between frequency and intensity of volcanic eruptions are actively sought by geophysicists for both monitoring and research purposes. By analyzing surveillance videos of persistent volcanic activity at Stromboli (Italy), we derived the frequency and jet height of >4000 explosions that occurred in 72 h‐long time windows sampled yearly from 2005 to 2009. We found a positive relationship linking explosion frequency and jet height (linked to eruption intensity) when averaging the two parameters over time intervals from hours to days, with a stronger correlation for longer intervals. We interpret this behavior as the response of the magmatic system to variable influx of magma and gas at depth, increased flux at depth causing more frequent and stronger explosions at the surface. This relationship entails concurrent control of source processes over explosion frequency and intensity, directly impacting modeling of explosion sources at persistently active volcanoes in general and hazard assessment at Stromboli in particular.