bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Settlements and slides: a large landslide case study from the Central Cordillera of the Philippines
Authors: Hearn Gareth James , Roy Hart Jonathan
Published: April 2019

The Central Cordillera of Luzon in the Philippines is home to some of the most complex geology, active plate margin tectonism, heaviest rainfall and steepest terrain in the world. It also hosts a thriving agricultural community that has developed its agrarian, municipal and transport infrastructure in a landscape of marginal stability and extreme geomorphological sensitivity. The village of Pilando occupies a saddle on a prominent ridge where it is crossed by the Halsema Highway. As a result of landslide displacements, both the highway and the village have been subsiding for several decades and many dwellings have had to be abandoned. From topographical survey and visual observation, average rates of settlement vary between
c.
0.1 and 0.4 m a
−1
. The apparent depth and areal extent of ground movement are such that attempts to stabilize the area would be both impracticable and uneconomic. Realignment and relocation are options that might be considered but many adjacent slopes are unstable or have failed in the past and those that have not are highly sensitive to earthworks and drainage disturbance. Unfortunately, there are many areas of the Central Cordillera that are affected by similar slope instability problems. The interpretation of satellite imagery available on Google Earth, supported by geomorphological field observation, can assist in the delineation and assessment of these notably unstable areas for land use planning and slope management purposes.
A New Infrared True-Color Approach for Visible-Infrared Multispectral Image Analysis
Authors: Grifoni Emanuela , Campanella Beatrice , Legnaioli Stefano , Lorenzetti Giulia , Marras Luciano , Pagnotta Stefano , Palleschi Vincenzo , Poggialini Francesco , Salerno Emanuele , Tonazzini Anna
Published: April 2019

In this article, we present a new method for the analysis of visible/Infrared multispectral sets producing chromatically faithful false-color images, which maintain a good readability of the information contained in the non-visible Infrared band. Examples of the application of this technique are given on the multispectral images acquired on the
Pietà of Santa Croce
of Agnolo Bronzino (1569, Florence) and on the analysis and visualization of the multispectral data obtained on Etruscan mural paintings (
Tomb of the Monkey
, Siena, Italy, V century B.C.). The fidelity of the chromatic appearance of the resulting images, coupled to the effective visualization of the information contained in the Infrared band, opens interesting perspectives for the use of the method for visualization and presentation of the results of multispectral analysis in Cultural Heritage diffusion, research, and diagnostics.
Segmentation, Reconstruction, and Visualization of Ancient Inscriptions in 2.5D
Authors: Sapirstein Philip
Published: April 2019

This article presents a new algorithm for the automated reconstruction and visualization of damaged ancient inscriptions. After reviewing current methods for enhancing incisions, a hybrid approach is adopted that combines advantages of 2D and 3D analytical techniques. A photogrammetric point cloud of an inscription is projected orthographically from an ideal vantage point, generating a 2.5D raster, including channels describing depth and surface derivatives. The next consideration is the obstacle to legibility posed by breaks in the ancient surface, which motivates the development of a new segmentation algorithm based on SLIC superpixels with region-merging adapted to operate on the geometry of the inscribed surface instead of color or intensity values. The algorithm classifies surface points by their likelihood of belonging to the uninscribed original plane, deliberate strokes, or breaks. Results are visualized in a manner suited for epigraphical analysis and publication through static images. Two case studies demonstrate the power and flexibility of this method, which has indicated changes to the reading ofIGXIV 1, an early Greek text that has been debated for more than 150 years.
Automated Usability Evaluation of Virtual Reality Applications
Authors: Harms Patrick
Published: April 2019

Virtual reality (VR) and VR applications have reached the end-user and, hence, the demands on usability, also for novel applications, have increased. This situation requires VR usability evaluation methods that can be applied quickly, even after a first release of an application. In this article, we describe such an approach, which is fully automated and does not ask users to perform predefined tasks in a fixed test setting. Instead, it works on recordings of the actual usage of a VR application from which it generates task trees. Afterwards, it analyzes these task trees to search for usability smells, i.e., user behavior indicating usability issues. Our approach provides detailed descriptions of the usability issues that have been found and how they can be solved. We performed a large case study to evaluate our approach and show that it is capable of correctly identifying usability issues. Although our approach is applicable for different VR interaction modalities, such as gaze, controller, or hand interaction, it also has limitations. For example, it can detect diverse issues related to user efficiency, but specific misunderstandings of users cannot be uncovered.
Isopleth
Authors: Hibschman Joshua , Gergle Darren , O’Rourke Eleanor , Zhang Haoqi
Published: April 2019

Online resources can help novice developers learn basic programming skills, but few resources support progressing from writing working code to learning professional web development practices. We address this gap by advancing Readily Available Learning Experiences, a conceptual approach for transforming all professional web applications into opportunities for authentic learning. This article presents Isopleth, a web-based platform that helps learners make sense of complex code constructs and hidden asynchronous relationships in professional web code. Isopleth embeds sensemaking scaffolds informed by the learning sciences to (1) expose hidden functional and event-driven relationships, (2) surface functionally related slices of code, and (3) support learners manipulating the provided code representations. To expose event-driven relationships, Isopleth implements a novel technique called Serialized Deanonymization to determine and visualize asynchronous functional relationships. To evaluate Isopleth, we conducted a case study across 12 professional websites and a user study with 14 junior and senior developers. Results show that Isopleth’s sensemaking scaffolds helped to surface implementation approaches in event binding, web application design, and complex interactive features across a range of complex professional web applications. Moreover, Isopleth helped junior developers improve the accuracy of their conceptual models of how features are implemented by 31% on average.
Automated Congressional Redistricting
Authors: Levin Harry A. , Friedler Sorelle A.
Published: April 2019

Every 10 years, when states are forced to redraw their congressional districts, the process is intensely partisan, and the outcome is rarely fair and democratic. In the past few decades, the growing capabilities of computers have offered the promise of objective, computerized redistricting. Unfortunately, the redistricting problem can be shown to be NP-Complete, but there are a number of heuristics that are effective. We specifically define the redistricting problem and analyze several variations of a new divide and conquer algorithm, comparing the compactness and population deviation of our new algorithm to existing algorithms and the actual districts. We offer a comparative component-based analysis that demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm component and the type of input. The comparative analysis shows that there are several ways to produce valid redistricting plans, but each approach has benefits and consequences.

Our new algorithm produces valid results to the redistricting problem in almost every state that undergoes congressional redistricting, offering a new solution to this challenging real-world problem. In one version, the algorithm produces plans with the optimal population deviation in 42 out of 43 multi-district states, which is better than most algorithms in the literature. While compactness scores vary, this approach offers new opportunities to improve population deviation. Our output files comply with the accepted format at most government hearings and redistricting competitions, so the results would be compatible with most public participation efforts in 2020.
Nonclassical Monocytes in Health and Disease
Authors: Narasimhan Prakash Babu , Marcovecchio Paola , Hamers Anouk A.J. , Hedrick Catherine C.
Published: April 2019

Monocytes are innate blood cells that maintain vascular homeostasis and are early responders to pathogens in acute infections. There are three well-characterized classes of monocytes: classical (CD14+CD16−in humans and Ly6Chiin mice), intermediate (CD14+CD16+in humans and Ly6C+Treml4+in mice), and nonclassical (CD14−CD16+in humans and Ly6Cloin mice). Classical monocytes are critical for the initial inflammatory response. Classical monocytes can differentiate into macrophages in tissue and can contribute to chronic disease. Nonclassical monocytes have been widely viewed as anti-inflammatory, as they maintain vascular homeostasis. They are a first line of defense in recognition and clearance of pathogens. However, their roles in chronic disease are less clear. They have been shown to be protective as well as positively associated with disease burden. This review focuses on the state of the monocyte biology field and the functions of monocytes, particularly nonclassical monocytes, in health and disease.
Neuroinflammation During RNA Viral Infections
Authors: Klein Robyn S. , Garber Charise , Funk Kristen E. , Salimi Hamid , Soung Allison , Kanmogne Marlene , Manivasagam Sindhu , Agner Shannon , Cain Matthew
Published: April 2019

Neurotropic RNA viruses continue to emerge and are increasingly linked to diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) despite viral clearance. Indeed, the overall mortality of viral encephalitis in immunocompetent individuals is low, suggesting efficient mechanisms of virologic control within the CNS. Both immune and neural cells participate in this process, which requires extensive innate immune signaling between resident and infiltrating cells, including microglia and monocytes, that regulate the effector functions of antiviral T and B cells as they gain access to CNS compartments. While these interactions promote viral clearance via mainly neuroprotective mechanisms, they may also promote neuropathology and, in some cases, induce persistent alterations in CNS physiology and function that manifest as neurologic and psychiatric diseases. This review discusses mechanisms of RNA virus clearance and neurotoxicity during viral encephalitis with a focus on the cytokines essential for immune and neural cell inflammatory responses and interactions. Understanding neuroimmune communications in the setting of viral infections is essential for the development of treatments that augment neuroprotective processes while limiting ongoing immunopathological processes that cause ongoing CNS disease.
Gut Microbiota Regulation of T Cells During Inflammation and Autoimmunity
Authors: Brown Eric M. , Kenny Douglas J. , Xavier Ramnik J.
Published: April 2019

The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in influencing the development of host immunity, and in turn the immune system also acts to regulate the microbiota through intestinal barrier maintenance and immune exclusion. Normally, these interactions are homeostatic, tightly controlled, and organized by both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, a combination of environmental exposures and genetic defects can result in a break in tolerance and intestinal homeostasis. The outcomes of these interactions at the mucosal interface have broad, systemic effects on host immunity and the development of chronic inflammatory or autoimmune disease. The underlying mechanisms and pathways the microbiota can utilize to regulate these diseases are just starting to emerge. Here, we discuss the recent evidence in this area describing the impact of microbiota-immune interactions during inflammation and autoimmunity, with a focus on barrier function and CD4+T cell regulation.
Vitamin D Signaling Suppresses Early Prostate Carcinogenesis in TgAPT121 Mice
Authors: Fleet James C. , Kovalenko Pavlo L. , Li Yan , Smolinski Justin , Spees Colleen , Yu Jun-Ge , Thomas-Ahner Jennifer M. , Cui Min , Neme Antonio , Carlberg Carsten , Clinton Steven K.
Published: April 2019

We tested whether lifelong modification of vitamin D signaling can alter the progression of early prostate carcinogenesis in studies using mice that develop high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia that is similar to humans. Two tissue-limited models showed that prostate vitamin D receptor (VDR) loss increased prostate carcinogenesis. In another study, we fed diets with three vitamin D3 levels (inadequate = 25 IU/kg diet, adequate for bone health = 150 IU/kg, or high = 1,000 IU/kg) and two calcium levels (adequate for bone health = 0.5% and high = 1.5%). Dietary vitamin D caused a dose-dependent increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and a reduction in the percentage of mice with adenocarcinoma but did not improve bone mass. In contrast, high calcium suppressed serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels and improved bone mass but increased the incidence of adenocarcinoma. Analysis of the VDR cistrome in RWPE1 prostate epithelial cells revealed vitamin D–mediated regulation of multiple cancer-relevant pathways. Our data support the hypothesis that the loss of vitamin D signaling accelerates the early stages of prostate carcinogenesis, and our results suggest that different dietary requirements may be needed to support prostate health or maximize bone mass.

Significance:

This work shows that disrupting vitamin D signaling through diet or genetic deletion increases early prostate carcinogenesis through multiple pathways. Higher-diet vitamin D levels are needed for cancer than bone.
From Multiple Organ Support Therapy to Extracorporeal Organ Support in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Ronco Claudio , Ricci Zaccaria , Husain-Syed Faeq
Published: April 2019

Critically ill patients developing severe forms multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) may not be adequately supported by pharmacologic management. In these complex cases, a single form of extracorporeal organ support (ECOS) may be required, but multiple organ support therapy (MOST) is currently seen as a feasible approach. Severe renal dysfunction is a typical syndrome requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) in the context of MODS. After more than a decade of RRT application in various intensive care settings, ECOS are not anymore seen as extraordinary or particularly aggressive techniques in MODS patients. Nowadays, a significant increase in the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal is occurring. When renal and cardio-pulmonary ECOS are used together, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to minimize negative interactions and unwanted adverse effects. In this editorial, we focus on the organ crosstalk between the native and artificial organs, including the advantages and disadvantages of organ support on multiorgan function. Much of current experience on MOST has been gained upon RRT connected to other organ support therapies. Overall, available literature has not definitely established the ideal timing of these interventions, and whether early implementation impacts organ recovery and optimizes resource utilization is still a matter of open debate: it is possible that future research will be devoted to identify patient groups that may benefit from short- and long-term multiple organ support. Video Journal Club “Cappuccino with Claudio Ronco” at  https://www.karger.com/Journal/ArticleNews/490694?sponsor=52
Clinical Profile, Response to Therapy, and Outcome of Children with Primary Intestinal Lymphangiectasia
Authors: Prasad Durga , Srivastava Anshu , Tambe Anil , Yachha Surender Kumar , Sarma Moinak Sen , Poddar Ujjal
Published: April 2019

Objective: Intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL; primary or secondary) is an important cause of protein-losing enteropathy. We evaluated the clinicolaboratory profile, response to therapy, complications, and outcome of children with primary IL (PIL). Methods: Consecutive children (≤18 years) diagnosed with PIL (clinical setting, typical small bowel histopathology, and exclusion of secondary causes) from 2007 to 2017 were evaluated. Results: Twenty-eight children with PIL (16 boys, age at symptom onset-12 [1–192] months and at diagnosis 8 [1–18] years) were studied. Pedal edema (93%), chronic diarrhea (78.6%), and recurrent anasarca (64%) were the common presentations. Ascites, pleural, and pericardial effusion were seen in 64 (n-18; chylous-5, non-chylous-13), 18, and 18% cases, respectively. Hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, and lymphopenia were present in 82, 82, 75 and 39% cases, respectively. Duodenal biopsy established the diagnosis in 86% cases, while 14% required distal small bowel biopsies. Dietary therapy was given in all and 6 cases required additional therapy (octreotide-6, tranexamic acid-3, and total parenteral nutrition-1). Lymphedema (3/5 vs. 1/23), pleural effusion (4/5 vs. 1/23), and the need for additional therapy (4/5 vs. 2/23) were significantly more in patients with chylous ascites (n = 5) than those without chylous ascites (n = 23). Twenty-four cases in follow-up (39 [6–120] months) showed improvement; however, 8 required readmission (symptom recurrence-6 [25%], complication-2 [8.3%], Budd Chiari Syndrome-1, and abdominal B cell lymphoma-1). Conclusion: Presence of chylous ascites suggests severe disease in children with PIL. Majority of PIL children respond to dietary therapy; only 20% need additional therapy. Long-term follow-up is essential to monitor for symptoms relapse and complications.
ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ХВОРИХ НА ІНФАРКТ МІОКАРДА ІЗ СУПУТНІМИ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯМИ ПЕРИФЕРІЙНИХ АРТЕРІЙ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПІДХОДІВ ДО ЇХ ВІДНОВНОГО ЛІКУВАННЯ
Authors: Levytska L. V.
Published: April 2019

Висока поширеність кардіологічних захворювань і їх часте поєднання з різними коморбідними станами спричиняють ріст кількості пацієнтів, у яких лікувальні підходи виходять за межі загальноприйнятих стандартів. Поширеність захворювань периферійних артерій (ЗПА) зростає у всьому світі, причому пацієнти із ЗПА мають не тільки знижену якість життя, але й високий ризик таких серцево-судинних подій, як інсульт, інфаркт міокарда і смерть внаслідок серцево-судинних захворювань.

Мета – аналіз взаємозв'язків між наявністю коморбідної патології периферійних артерій і функціональними показниками хворих на інфаркт міокарда.

Матеріал і методи. Обстежено 371 хворого на гострий інфаркт міокарда з коморбідною патологією, в тому числі ЗПА, які проходили гостру фазу реабілітації. Вік пацієнтів становив (66,16±10,41) року. Серед обстежених було 249 (67,12 %) чоловіків і 122 жінки (32,88 %). Параметри внутрішньосерцевої гемодинаміки визначали, оцінюючи ехокардіоскопічні показники, виміряні на апараті Philips HD11XE, електрокардіографічні показники сер­це­вої діяльності вивчали за допомогою ЕКГ апарата «ЮТАС», біохімічні показники крові визначали загаль­ноприйнятими методами, використовуючи стандартні тестові системи (Пліва-Лахема, Чехія).

Результати. При вивченні зв'язків між супутньою патологією периферійних артерій у хворих на ІМ і число­вими функціональними показниками було зафіксовано пряму кореляцію між наявністю судинної патології та тривалістю анамнезу артеріальної гіпертензії, величиною систолічного та діастолічного артеріального тиску, товщиною стінок лівого шлуночка та розміром правого шлуночка, а також між наявністю судинної патології і індексом коморбідності. Доведено, що ЗПА є незалежним предиктором гіршого функціонального стану в пацієнтів із ІМ внаслідок поглиблення структурно-функціональних змін серця.

Висновки. Асоціація інфаркту міокарда з коморбідним захворюванням периферійних артерій є незалежним предиктором гіршого функціонального стану організму. Індекс коморбідності Чарльсона може слугувати інстру­ментом кількісної оцінки ступеня коморбідності у хворих на ІМ із ЗПА при визначенні функціонального статусу та плануванні реабілітації.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ХОЛІНЕРГІЧНОЇ РЕГУЛЯЦІЇ СЕРЦЯ ЩУРІВ РІЗНОЇ СТАТІ ПРИ ПОШКОДЖЕННІ МІОКАРДА ДЕКСАМЕТАЗОНОМ ТА ЗАСТОСУВАННІ L-КАРНІТИНУ ДЛЯ КОРЕКЦІЇ ДАНОГО СТАНУ
Authors: Pelykh V. Ye. , Sverediuk Yu. A.
Published: April 2019

Глюкокортикоїди часто використовуються у лікуванні хронічних запальних захворювань, проте їх тривале застосування супроводжується розвитком ускладнень. Одним із таких ускладнень є пошкодження міокарда, а пошук нових засобів кардіопротекції передбачає вплив на різноманітні ланки патогенезу, в тому числі й на фізіологічні механізми, що забезпечують природну протекцію. Холінергічна ланка регуляції діяльності серця автономною нервовою системою здатна забезпечити такий захист серцю, і пошук речовин, що модулюють активність даної ланки, зумовлює актуальність даного дослідження.

Мета – оцінити інтенсивність брадикардії при введенні в яремну вену ацетилхоліну та електричному подразненні периферійного відрізка блукаючого нерва електричним струмом за умов пошкодження серця дексаметазоном, а також дії L-карнітину у тварин різної статі.

Матеріал і методи. Експерименти виконано на 48 статевозрілих білих безпородних щурах різної статі, яких було поділено на 4 групи. Інтенсивність брадикардії вивчали за допомогою електрокардіографії на комп'ютерному комплексі «КардіоЛаб СЕ» та електричного стимулятора «ЭСЛ-2».

Результати. У тварин різної статі по-різному змінюється реакція серця на подразнення блукаючого нерва залежно від дії досліджуваних лікарських засобів. У самців інтактної групи інтенсивність брадикардії вища в 1,6 раза порівняно із самками. За умов дії на організм тварин L-карнітину досліджуваний показник був вищий у самців у 3,3 раза, ніж у самок. Застосування лише дексаметазону спричинило інтенсивнішу реакцію у самців порівняно із самками на 35 %, а комбінації дексаметазону та L-карнітину – на 15 %.

Висновки. Дексаметазон (у дозі 350 мкг/кг маси тварини per os) подібно діє на холінореактивність синусового вузла серця щурів різної статі – зменшує чутливість холінорецепторів. На фоні дії дексаметазону холінореактивність синусового вузла тварин різної статі при впливі L-карнітину (в дозі 200 мг/кг маси тварини per os) змінюється по різному: у самок чутливість холінорецепторів різко знижується при компенсаторному зростанні інтенсивності вивільнення нейромедіатора у пресинаптичну щілину; у самців чутливість холінорецепторів залишається низькою при помірному зменшенні інтенсивності вивільнення ацетилхоліну.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РЕМОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ЗВИВИСТИХ АРТЕРІЙ ЕНДОМЕТРІЯ ПРИ ФОРМУВАННІ СУДИННОГО КОМПОНЕНТА ФІБРОВАСКУЛЯРНОГО ЯДРА ПОЛІПІВ У ЖІНОК РЕПРОДУКТИВНОГО ВІКУ
Authors: Chornenka G. M.
Published: April 2019

Питанням ремоделювання ендометрія та його складових в останні роки приділяється все більше уваги. Функціональний шар матки має унікальну властивість – фізіологічний ангіогенез, який залежить від гормональної циклічності жіночого організму. Зміни ендометрія загалом та його судинного компонента зокрема вивчені не достатньо. Потребує уваги питання ремоделювання звивистих артерій функціонального шару матки за умов впливу додаткових зовнішніх факторів.

Мета – на основі патоморфологічного аналізу архівних препаратів ендометрія жінок репродуктивного віку із застосуванням додаткових гістохімічних методик визначити структурні особливості судинного компонента та фіброваскулярного ядра поліпів ендометрія.

Матеріал і методи. Досліджували 55 біопсійних архівних препаратів ендометрія жінок репродуктивного віку: 43 препарати поліпів ендометрія, 12 – фізіологічного ендометрія. Проводили стандартне фарбування гематоксиліном та еозином, а також використовували додаткові гістохімічні методи фарбування: резорцин-фуксином за Хартом, пікрофусцином за Ван Гізон та трихромним методом Масона.

Результати. Серед 43 випадків поліпів ендометрія виявлено 15 випадків залозистих поліпів, 26 – залозисто-стромальних. Клінічно у 33 пацієнток діагностовано непліддя, 10 жінок були фертильними. Для контролю відібрали 12 зразків нормального функціонального ендометрія: по 6 випадків у фазах проліферації та секреції.

Гістохімічні методи забарвлення дозволили визначити особливості будови фіброваскулярного ядра поліпів ендометрія – наявність осередків великих товстостінних судин, які часто розташовуються ланцюжками у вигляді «доріжки». Встановлено, що до складу ендометріальної залози в нормі входять клітини епітелію та циркулярно розташовані навколо них волокнисті елементи сполучної тканини, які візуалізуються при використанні додаткових гістохімічних фарбувань. Наші дослідження показали, що у нормі в спіральних артеріях волокнисті елементи відсутні, а за умов ремоделювання ендометрія у вигляді його поліпозної трансформації волокнисті елементи є обов'язковим елементом артерій. Додаткові зовнішні фактори (такі, як хронічне запалення тощо) сприяють прогресуючій васкуляризації поліпів. Остання проявляється не лише сформованим фіброваскулярним ядром поліпа, а й феноменом капіляризації поліпів.

Висновки. Наявність фіброваскулярного ядра в поліпах ендометрія є проявом судинного ремоделювання, яке полягає в появі сформованих артерій із еластично-колагеновим каркасом. Скупчення судин характерні для фіброваскулярної ніжки поліпа і, разом з більш вираженим волокнистим характером строми, можуть бути цінною диференційно-діагностичною ознакою, що відрізняє поліп від фонової тканини ендометрія при його невеликих розмірах. Описана васкуляризація є вирішальною для прогресуючого росту поліпа та його можливої малігнізації. Застосування додаткових гістохімічних методів дозволяє полегшити диференційну діагностику поліпа як від різних видів гіперплазій, так і від нормального ендометрія.
USP na escolinha: uma visita à universidade
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Rocha Delaine Goulart da , Martello Luciane Silva ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos
Published: April 2019

O livro USP na escolinha: uma visita à universidade é fruto do programa “USP na Escolinha”, realizado na Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, desde 2013, com o apoio da Comissão Cultura e Extensão. O objetivo principal desse programa é aproveitar o processo de formação das crianças para apresentar conceitos relativos à sustentabilidade, bem-estar animal, reciclagem, entre outros temas, e cultivar, nas crianças de seis a dez anos, o desejo e a curiosidade pelas profissões relativas aos cursos que a Universidade atualmente oferece. O programa conta com a participação de docentes, discentes e funcionários da Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Prefeitura do Campus Fernando Costa e Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia.
Formas proprietárias para a inovação e inclusão produtiva
Authors: Amato Lucas Fucci
Published: April 2019

Este artigo pretende discutir três casos de política industrial: as políticas de capital de risco e de capital semente experimentadas pelo Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES) e as experiências de parcerias público-privado-comunitárias (PPPCs), também originadas de fomento do BNDES. O foco é analisar as formas de propriedade envolvidas nessas políticas, mobilizadas por arranjos societários e contratuais entre agentes produtivos e investidores de diferentes perfis.
O direito entre a opressão e a emancipação
Authors: Bruno André Simões Chacon
Published: April 2019

A presente pesquisa, assumindo-se como um exercício de Filosofia do Direito, tem como principal desiderato, a partir de um diálogo interdisciplinar com a Teoria Crítica da Escola de Frankfurt, fornecer subsídios para a construção da ideia de um direito que não se reduz à mera opressão, mas que aceita e abraça seu potencial emancipatório. Nesse sentido, é promovido neste ensaio uma crítica da razão instrumental iluminista e ao positivismo tecnicista que lhe é subsequente para, então, propor um outro conceito de direito, baseado na razão comunicativa, a qual, ao ser introjetada para os campos da filosofia jurídico-política, desemboca nos ideais de uma radicalização democrática e de um direito baseado na soberania popular e direitos humanos.
A proteção internacional de minorias religiosas na Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos
Authors: Hoffmann Cristina Reginato , Lucci Guilherme Andrade , Cogan Maria Isabel , Pasqualeto Olívia de Quintana Figueiredo
Published: April 2019

Partindo do estudo do caso Kokkinakis vs. Grécia, dado ter sido o primeiro caso sobre liberdade religiosa proposto perante a Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar como se dá a proteção jurídica internacional das minorias religiosas junto à Corte.
Identification of suitable habitat for Swamp Deer Rucervus duvaucelii duvaucelii (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Cervidae) in Chitwan National Park, Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Shravan Kumar , Dhamala Man Kumar , Lamichhane Babu Ram , Ranabhat Rishi , Bahadur KC Khim , Poudel Shashank
Published: April 2019

Swamp Deer is a globally threatened large-sized deer species confined within small patches of the Indian subcontinent.  Historically, Swamp Deer occurred in Chitwan National Park, Nepal but was extirpated in the 1960s primarily due to widespread hunting.  We assessed the habitat suitability at present for the Swamp Deer in Chitwan National Park using multi-criteria analysis in GIS and vegetation assessment using frequency, dominance, and cover.  Within the 952.63km2 area of the national park, the habitat suitability analysis identified 14.57km2 as highly suitable, 134.87km2 as suitable, and 803.19km2 as moderate to least suitable area.  Most of the national park’s grassland is suitable for Swamp Deer.  Grassland is dominated by Saccharum spp.; Imperata cylindrica is the most widely distributed grass species followed by Saccharum spp., Narenga porphyrocoma, and Apluda mutica.  Grass species of the Poaceae family are the most preferred species by Swamp Deer, which are found within short grasslands.  The study revealed that Padampur Phanta could be the most suitable site for the reintroduction of Swamp Deer due to its highest proportion of short grass and availability of preferred food species and good habitat in comparison to other blocks.  Invasion of swamps of Chitwan by Mikania micrantha and Eichornia crassipes could be a limiting factor for the habitat suitability of Swamp Deer.
A checklist of fish species from three rivers in northwestern Bangladesh based on a seven-year survey
Authors: Parvez Imran , Alam Mohammad Ashraful , Hassan Mohammad Mahbubul , Ara Yeasmin , Hoshan Imran , Kibria Abu Syed Mohammad
Published: April 2019

Bangladesh is rich in freshwater biodiversity, but information on riverine fish diversity is lacking.  This study represents a complete list of fish species of Dhepa, Punarbhaba, and Atrai rivers of Bangladesh based on surveys carried out for seven years, from 2009 to 2016.  A total of 121 species belonging to 80 genera and 33 families were recorded, of which Cyprinidae was the most dominant family representing 24 species.  A total of 42 threatened species and 10 exotic species were collected during the survey.  This study highlights that Dhepa, Punarbhaba, and Atrai are critical habitats for many conservation-concern fish species, and reveals the need for developing suitable conservation and management plans for the future.
Species composition and abundance of rodents in Kafta-Sheraro National Park, Ethiopia: preliminary results
Authors: Assefa Alembrhan , Srinivasulu Chelmala
Published: April 2019

An ecological survey was conducted to assess the species composition and abundance of rodents in Kafta-Sheraro National Park, Ethiopia from June 2017 to April 2018 covering wet and dry seasons.  Rodents were trapped using Sherman live traps from five selected habitat types—natural forest, bushland, grassland, farmland, and human settlement.  A total of 209 individuals of rodents belonging to seven species were captured over 2940 trap nights, and three species of rodents were only observed.  The trapped rodent species include Mastomys natalensis, Stenocephalemys albipes, Rattus rattus, Mastomys awashensis, Acomys cahirinus, Arvicanthis niloticus dembeensis, and Mastomys erythroleucus.  Lemniscomys striatus, Hystrix cristata, and Xerus rutilus were only sighted during the study.  Mastomys natalensis was the most abundant species (41.1%), followed by Stenocephalemys albipes (26.3%) and Rattus rattus (18.2%), whereas Mastomys erythroleucus (1.4%) was the least abundant species.  The abundance of female (59.8%) was higher than male (40.2%).  Of the total trapped rodents, 52.2% were adults, 32% sub-adult and 15.8% young.  The abundance of rodents was varied among habitat types and between seasons.  The results of the study revealed that the park has diverse species of fauna including rodents.
Rhopalione kali sp. nov., first known epicaridean parasite on the Malaysian pinnotherid crab, Serenotheres besutensis (Serène, 1967)
Authors: AHYONG SHANE T. , BOYKO CHRISTOPHER B.
Published: April 2019

Species of the bopyrid isopod genus Rhopalione Pérez, 1920, are parasites of Indo-West Pacific pinnotherid crabs. Unlike other bopyrid parasites of brachyurans that occupy the branchial chambers, however, species of Rhopalione (subfamily Pseudioninae) infest the abdominal cavity. Prior to the present study, four species of Rhopalione were recognized: R. atrinicolae Page, 1985 (New Zealand), R. incerta (Bonnier, 1900) (Madagascar), R. sinensis Markham, 1990 (East Asia), and R. uromyzon Pérez, 1920 (Persian Gulf). A fifth species of Rhopalione, from Perhentian Besar, Malaysia, is described herein, parasitic on the pinnotherid crab Serenotheres besutensis (Serène, 1967). Keys are provided to females and males of the species in the genus.
Regional Characteristics of Interannual Variability of Summer Rainfall in the Maritime Continent and Their Related Anomalous Circulation Patterns
Authors: Xu Qi , Guan Zhaoyong , Jin Dachao , Hu Dingzhu
Published: April 2019

Using the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis and Global Precipitation Climatology Project monthly rainfall, we have investigated the regional features of interannual variations of rainfall in the Maritime Continent (MC) and their related anomalous atmospheric circulation patterns during boreal summer by employing the rotated empirical orthogonal function (REOF) analysis. Our results demonstrate that the rainfall variabilities in the MC are of very striking regional characteristics. The MC is divided into four independent subregions on the basis of the leading REOF modes; these subregions are located in central-eastern Indonesia (subregion I), the oceanic area to the west of Indonesia (subregion II+V), the part of the warm pool in the equatorial western Pacific Ocean (subregion III), and Guam (subregion IV+VI).The anomalous precipitation in different subregions exhibits different variation periodicities, which are associated with different circulation patterns as a result of atmospheric response to different sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) patterns in the tropical Indo-Pacific sector. It is found that rainfall anomalies in subregion I are induced by the Pacific ENSO, whereas those in subregion II+V are dominated by a triple SSTA pattern with positive correlations in the MC and negative correlation centers in the tropical Pacific and tropical Indian Ocean. Rainfall anomalies in subregion III mainly resulted from an SSTA pattern with negative correlations in the eastern MC and positive correlations in the western equatorial Pacific east of the MC. A horseshoe SSTA pattern in the central Pacific is found to affect the precipitation anomalies in subregion IV+VI. All of the results of this study are helpful for us to better understand both the climate variations in the MC and monsoon variations in East Asia.
The Influence of Oceanic Barrier Layers on Tropical Cyclone Intensity as Determined through Idealized, Coupled Numerical Simulations
Authors: Hlywiak James , Nolan David S.
Published: April 2019

The connection relating upper-ocean salinity stratification in the form of oceanic barrier layers to tropical cyclone (TC) intensification is investigated in this study. Previous works disagree on whether ocean salinity is a negligible factor on TC intensification. Relationships derived in many of these studies are based on observations, which can be sparse or incomplete, or uncoupled models, which neglect air–sea feedbacks. Here, idealized ensemble simulations of TCs performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model coupled to the 3D Price–Weller–Pinkel (PWP) ocean model facilitate examination of the TC–upper-ocean system in a controlled, high-resolution, mesoscale environment. Idealized vertical ocean profiles are modeled after barrier layer profiles of the Amazon–Orinoco river plume region, where barrier layers are defined as vertical salinity gradients between the mixed and isothermal layer depths. Our results reveal that for TCs of category 1 hurricane strength or greater, thick (24–30 m) barrier layers may favor further intensification by 6%–15% when averaging across ensemble members. Conversely, weaker cyclones are hindered by thick barrier layers. Reduced sea surface temperature cooling below the TC inner core is the primary reason for additional intensification. Sensitivity tests of the results to storm translation speed, initial oceanic mixed layer temperature, and atmospheric vertical wind shear provide a more comprehensive analysis. Last, it is shown that the ensemble mean intensity results are similar when using a 3D or 1D version of PWP.
Biotin interference in immunoassay: a review for the laboratory scientist
Authors: Avery Gordon
Published: April 2019

The recent FDA Biotin (Vitamin B7): Safety Communication – May Interfere with Lab Tests and A statement from the ACB Scientific Committee regarding biotin/vitamin B7 interference in immunoassays have raised into the laboratory consciousness the need to understand and to manage the issues around biotin interference with some immunoassays and to provide education and advice to health-care providers. In patients who are prescribed biotin or take biotin supplements, biotin has the potential to cause falsely low or falsely high results in immunoassays using streptavidin–biotin binding as part of the assay methodology. Streptavidin–biotin binding is used by many manufacturers; some manufacturers use it for most of their immunoassays, some for a few of their immunoassays and some manufacturers do not use this assay format at all. The direction and magnitude of interference and the concentration of biotin which affects an assay are highly variable and assay specific. There have been many papers and case reports published recently of biotin interference in immunoassay, and biotin interference is probably one of the most difficult types of inference to detect and to obviate. This review will assess the currently available information on this topic and review the steps the laboratory can take to reduce the risk of incorrect patient results being reported.
Copula-based Bivariate Cointegration Model
Authors: John Nimitha , Balakrishna N.
Published: April 2019

This article focuses on a bivariate cointegrating model with non-normal errors. In particular, we propose a bivariate error distribution constructed using two non-identical marginals through a copula. The model parameters are estimated using the method of inference functions for margins and maximum likelihood. Applications of the proposed model are illustrated through real life examples.

AMS classification codes: 62M10
A comparison of bibliometric indicators in occupational therapy journals published in English
Authors: Brown Ted , Gutman Sharon A.
Published: April 2019

Background.

The use of bibliometrics to evaluate the quality and impact of refereed journals has increased along with access to electronic databases and citation counts.

Purpose.

This analysis compared and contrasted the range of publication metrics available for English-language occupational therapy journals.

Method.

Bibliometric data were sourced for 23 English-language occupational therapy journals, including data from the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) 2- and 5-year impact factor, JCR Immediacy Index, Eigenfactor Score, Article Influence Score, Scopus Source Normalized Impact per Paper, SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) score, and ResearchGate journal impact score. H-indexes for journals were also sourced.

Findings.

The American Journal of Occupational Therapy had the highest publication metrics. SJR-based scores included a larger number of journals, whereas JCR-based metrics were more restrictive in the number of journals included.

Implications.

Multiple metrics should be used to comprehensively understand occupational therapy journal performance.
What’s hate got to do with it? Right-wing movements and the hate stereotype
Authors: Tetrault Justin Everett Cobain
Published: April 2019

‘Hate stereotyping’ occurs when researchers foreground negative emotions, especially hate, as motivating right-wing social movements, epitomized by labels like ‘hate group’. This convention contradicts empirical evidence showing that hateful feelings and ideological prejudices are mostly insignificant for attracting and retaining members in such movements. Using contemporary theories of hate, this article demonstrates the concept’s limits and misuse in studying and theorizing the political Right. For instance, hate’s theoretical and methodological ambiguity sometimes leads scholars to confuse hatred with right-wing ideology and prejudice, which can obfuscate findings and spur dubious generalizations across political groups. Moreover, some researchers accept post-structuralist theories of hate as a substitute for vital data on emotions, motivations and meaning-making among right-wing actors. Hate explanations persist because they appeal to ‘common sense’ about intolerance, not because of their methodological integrity for studying right-wing movements. By foregrounding intolerance, hate stereotyping risks sustaining the dominant narrative that prejudices such as racism are deviant, and that racism is a problem of bad attitudes and fringe ideologies, rather than larger issues of systemic and structural inequality.
Prophetic Endurance and Eschatological Restoration: Exhortation and Conclusion in the Epistle of James
Authors: Brown Sherri
Published: April 2019

The epistle of James provides a window into a messianic movement that is beginning to develop into a community of faithful amidst a larger Hellenistic socio-cultural environment. It presents a series of exhortations crossing the spectrum of life situations audiences encounter as they settle into community together. Throughout the instruction, a foundational moral code is presupposed through which the author constructs the requisite worldview. Further, James speaks to this community through the full authority of ‘the name of the Lord’ and understands himself as both servant and teacher in this new life in light of the coming of that Lord (1:1; 3:1; 5:7–9). The last fourteen verses of the epistle offer a final essay on the need to stand fast through perseverance and prayer, as well as a summary statement of the goal of the entire effort. The formation of the community engenders a new action arising from the ‘implanted word’ that will produce a ‘kind of first fruits’ of God’s creatures who lead the way of salvation (1:18, 21; 5:19–20). The concluding injunction indicates that this way is tantamount to eschatological restoration.
Formulation and Stability Study of Omeprazole Oral Liquid Suspension for Pediatric Patients
Authors: Boscolo Oriana , Perra Francesco , Salvo Leandro , Buontempo Fabián , Lucangioli Silvia
Published: April 2019

Objectives: To develop and to study the physicochemical and microbiological stability of omeprazole liquid oral formulations used as therapeutic agent in many acid-related disorders, for pediatric use. Furthermore, to optimize and validate a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the analysis of omeprazole in the studied formulations. Method: Oral liquid suspensions of omeprazole were prepared at 2 mg/mL using crushed omeprazole pellets (formulation A) and pure omeprazole (formulation B) with a complete vehicle including humectant, suspending, sweetening, antioxidant, and flavoring agents. Samples were stored at 4°C and 25°C. Omeprazole content of each formulation was analyzed in triplicate using micro-HPLC at 0, 3, 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 days. Other parameters were also determined, such as appearance, pH, resuspendibility, and viscosity. Microbiological studies were conducted according to the United Stated Pharmacopeia (USP) guidelines for non-sterile products. Results: Formulation A stayed physicochemical and microbiologically stable at refrigerated (4°C) conditions during at least 150 days and it only stayed stable during 14 days at 25°C. Formulation B was stayed physicochemical and microbiologically stable at refrigerated (4°C) conditions at least 90 days, but it is not recommended to store at 25°C for more than 1 day. Conclusions: Formulation A and formulation B can be stored for at least 150 and 90 days, respectively, at refrigerated conditions. Formulation A can be stored at room temperature for 14 days. Both formulations are perfectly suitable for pediatric patients who are usually notable to swallow solid oral formulations. The proposed analytical method was suitable for the study of stability of different formulations.
Proposal of an Alternative Human Capital Evaluation Method for a Research Laboratory: Multidimensional Approach Based on Physical Indicators and Activities
Authors: El Kadiri Boutchich Driss
Published: April 2019

The alternative human capital evaluation method proposed is implemented via two methods: principal component analysis and discriminant analysis. The first method classifies the research laboratory activities in homogeneous clusters, while the second method standardizes their scores. The proposed method is sitting in the activity-based management principle, which favors physical indicators for measuring the targeted variables. It uses important concepts such as standardized target score of human capital and standardized mean difference which is usually employed in the area of meta-analysis. The proposed method has research implications as it enables to make appropriate budgetary policy within the laboratory concerned. It also has social implications in terms of distributive and procedural justice thanks to its scientific and objective nature.
Wayward Elites: From Social Reproduction to Social Restoration in a Therapeutic Boarding School
Authors: Pfaffendorf Jessica
Published: April 2019

In the past few decades, a multi-billion-dollar “therapeutic boarding school” industry has emerged largely for America’s troubled upper-class youth. This article examines the experiences of privileged youth in a therapeutic boarding school to advance social restoration as a new form of social reproduction. Drawing on interviews and fieldwork inside a Western therapeutic boarding school for young men struggling with substance abuse, I explore how students leverage a stigmatized, addict identity in ways that can restore privilege. Findings suggest that students engage in social restoration by constructing an overarching restorative narrative that works through three mechanisms: (1) experiential reframing, (2) appropriated therapeutic discourse, and (3) boundary maintenance through “othering.” Using these narrative strategies, students are able to transform a stigma into a symbolic marker of character that they use to reclaim privileged positions and dominant roles. This process of social restoration illuminates previously unexamined issues at the intersections of power and privilege, stigma, and inequality.