bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective textile quality processing and an accurate inspection system using the advanced deep learning technique
Authors: Jeyaraj Pandia Rajan , Nadar Edward Rajan Samuel
Published: October 2019

This research paper focuses on the innovative detection of defects in fabric. This approach is based on the design and development of a computer-assisted system using the deep learning technique. The classification network is modeled using the ResNet512-based Convolutional Neural Network to learn the deep features in the presented fabric. Being an accurate method, this enables accurate localization of minute defects too. Our classification is based on three major steps; firstly, an image acquired by the NI Vision model and pre-processed for a standard pattern to Kullback Leibler Divergence calculation. Secondly, standard textile fabrics are presented to train the Convolutional Neural Network to classify the defective region and the defect-free region. Finally, the testing fabrics are examined by the trained deep Convolutional Neural Network algorithm. To verify the performance, multiple fabrics are presented and the classification accuracy is evaluated. For standard defects on defective fabrics, an average accuracy of 96.5% with 98.5% precision is obtained. Experimental results on the standard Textile Texture Database dataset confirmed that our method provides better results compared with similar recent classification methods, such as the Support Vector Machine and Bayesian classifier.
The Influence of Animosity, Ethnocentric Tendencies, and National Attachment on Tourists’ Decision-Making Processes during International Conflicts
Authors: Stepchenkova Svetlana , Dai Xiangyi , Kirilenko Andrei P. , Su Lijuan
Published: October 2019

This study expands the empirical evidence amassed to date concerning tourists’ decision-making processes in a situation of conflict between a country of origin’s market and country of destination. It uses the constructs of animosity, national attachment, consumer ethnocentrism, country image, and perceptions of the state of bilateral relations in order to examine three intent to visit scenarios. To obtain the robust results, the study uses two methods of analysis from distinctly different repertoires of techniques, such as traditional statistical and data-mining approaches, and applies them to each scenario. The results consistently indicate a high level of influence of general animosity and ethnocentric tendencies in addition to country image and bilateral relation variables in tourists’ decision making. The situational context of the study is the conflict between China, the country of origin, and South Korea, the country of destination, over the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) system.
First-Time Grandparents’ Role Satisfaction and Its Determinants
Authors: Condon John , Luszcz Mary , McKee Ian
Published: October 2019

This article focuses on satisfaction with the grandparent role at 1 and 2 years after the transition to grandparenthood. Three hundred and eighteen grandparents (male and female) were initially recruited and required to complete a well-validated self-report measure of grandparent satisfaction, together with self-report questionnaires assessing a range of characteristics which might predict role satisfaction. The main finding was that grandparent–grandchild attachment (bonding) was the most powerful predictor. Some predictors (e.g., generativity) appeared to have a direct effect on satisfaction, whereas the effect of others (e.g., grandchild temperament) appeared to be mediated via the grandparent–grandchild attachment relationship. Role satisfaction, aside from its probable relevance to grandparent wellbeing, is also likely to be of relevance to grandparents’ willingness to provide childcare. The latter, besides impacting on well-being of both grandparents and parents, also powerfully influences workforce economics.
Multiple Jobholding: An Integrative Systematic Review and Future Research Agenda
Authors: Campion Emily D. , Caza Brianna B. , Moss Sherry E.
Published: October 2019

Despite sizable but varying estimates of multiple jobholding (MJH) and decades of research across disciplines (e.g., management, economics, sociology, health and medicine), our understanding of MJH is rather limited. The purpose of this review is to provide a coherent synthesis of the literature on MJH, or working more than one job. Beginning with a discussion of the motivations and demographic predictors that forecast MJH, we note a distinct divide between the research that predicts MJH and the research that examines outcomes, with few studies exploring how motivations might relate to MJH experiences and outcomes. Another significant observation in this review is the inconsistency of findings across and within disciplines regarding whether MJH is depleting or enriching. Using this framework to organize our review, we attempt to reconcile the generally mixed results by presenting research on mechanisms and boundary conditions of MJH to explain how and when multiple jobholders (MJHers) are depleted or enriched. By integrating findings from the literature, we are able to articulate more clearly the paths of depletion and enrichment and discuss how push versus pull-based motivations to hold multiple jobs likely predict these pathways. Finally, we provide a strategic agenda highlighting areas where additional research is urgently needed to equip scholars with practical knowledge on how to help MJHers manage their multiple work roles and how to help organizations manage MJHers.
Revisiting the semi-consociational model: Democratic failure in prewar Lebanon and post-invasion Iraq
Authors: Aboultaif Eduardo Wassim
Published: October 2019

This article revisits the concept of semi-consociational democracy and distinguishes it from full consociationalism. Semi-consociationalism features just two of the characteristics of full consociationalism, proportionality and segmental autonomy, and exists without strong grand coalitions and veto powers. The case studies of prewar Lebanon and post-invasion Iraq demonstrate this new category of power sharing, which relies on three conditions: concentration of executive powers in the presidential office (prewar Lebanon) or premiership (post-invasion Iraq), communal hegemony in the system, and communal control over the armed forces. Full consociationalism then is mistakenly blamed for democratic failure in these two case studies.
Impressionable Biologies: An interview with Maurizio Meloni
Authors: Chiew Florence
Published: October 2019

Florence Chiew interviews Maurizio Meloni on his new book, Impressionable Biologies: From the Archaeology of Plasticity to the Sociology of Epigenetics. The conversation reflects on a number of key themes and arguments in Meloni’s work, such as the use of the term ‘impressionability’ to explore longstanding ideas of the permeable body in constant flux in response to cosmological changes. This notion of the body-porous is one whose history Meloni traces back to ancient traditions and systems of medicine, such as humoralism. In this important book, Meloni makes a compelling argument for questioning the current emphasis on the novelty of biological plasticity as an exclusively contemporary phenomenon, and urges us to take a longer genealogical perspective to appreciate how histories of corporeal plasticity have always been part of deeply gendered, racialized and classed discourses in which social hierarchies have been made through physiological distinctions.
Statistical Methods for Adjusting Estimates of Treatment Effectiveness for Patient Nonadherence in the Context of Time-to-Event Outcomes and Health Technology Assessment: A Systematic Review of Methodological Papers
Authors: Alshreef Abualbishr , Latimer Nicholas , Tappenden Paul , Wong Ruth , Hughes Dyfrig , Fotheringham James , Dixon Simon
Published: October 2019

Introduction. Medication nonadherence can have a significant negative impact on treatment effectiveness. Standard intention-to-treat analyses conducted alongside clinical trials do not make adjustments for nonadherence. Several methods have been developed that attempt to estimate what treatment effectiveness would have been in the absence of nonadherence. However, health technology assessment (HTA) needs to consider effectiveness under real-world conditions, where nonadherence levels typically differ from those observed in trials. With this analytical requirement in mind, we conducted a review to identify methods for adjusting estimates of treatment effectiveness in the presence of patient nonadherence to assess their suitability for use in HTA. Methods. A “Comprehensive Pearl Growing” technique, with citation searching and reference checking, was applied across 7 electronic databases to identify methodological papers for adjusting time-to-event outcomes for nonadherence using individual patient data. A narrative synthesis of identified methods was conducted. Methods were assessed in terms of their ability to reestimate effectiveness based on alternative, suboptimal adherence levels. Results. Twenty relevant methodological papers covering 12 methods and 8 extensions to those methods were identified. Methods are broadly classified into 4 groups: 1) simple methods, 2) principal stratification methods, 3) generalized methods (g-methods), and 4) pharmacometrics-based methods using pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PKPD) analysis. Each method makes specific assumptions and has associated limitations. Five of the 12 methods are capable of adjusting for real-world nonadherence, with only g-methods and PKPD considered appropriate for HTA. Conclusion. A range of statistical methods is available for adjusting estimates of treatment effectiveness for nonadherence, but most are not suitable for use in HTA. G-methods and PKPD appear to be more appropriate to estimate effectiveness in the presence of real-world adherence.
Outcomes After Latarjet Procedure: Patients With First-Time Versus Recurrent Dislocations
Authors: Hardy Alexandre , Sabatier Vincent , Laboudie Pierre , Schoch Bradley , Nourissat Geoffroy , Valenti Philippe , Kany Jean , Deranlot Julien , Solignac Nicolas , Hardy Philippe , Vigan Marie , Werthel Jean-David
Published: October 2019

Background:

The preoperative number of dislocations has been previously proved to be a major factor influencing the results after Bankart repair with more preoperative dislocations correlated with higher recurrence rates and more reoperations. This could possibly be because of the lower quality of the tissue repaired during the procedure after multiple dislocations. On the other hand, the Latarjet procedure does not “repair” but rather reconstructs and augments the anterior glenoid.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The main objective was to report the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing a Latarjet procedure after 1 dislocation versus multiple (≥2) dislocations. The hypothesis was that the preoperative number of dislocations would not influence clinical results.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients older than 18 years who had undergone a primary Latarjet procedure for shoulder instability with at least 2 years of follow-up were included. Three different techniques were used: a mini-open technique using 2 screws, an arthroscopic technique using 2 screws, and an arthroscopic technique using 2 cortical buttons. Patients were evaluated and answered a questionnaire to assess the number of episodes of dislocation before surgery, the time between the first dislocation and surgery, recurrence of the dislocation, revision surgery, the Walch-Duplay score, the Simple Shoulder Test score, and the visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain.

Results:

A total of 308 patients were included for analysis with a mean follow-up of 3.4 ± 0.8 years. Of that, 83 patients were included in the first-time dislocation group and 225 in the recurrent dislocation group. At last follow-up, the rates of recurrence and reoperation were not significantly different between groups: 4.8% in the first-time dislocation group versus 3.65% in the recurrent dislocation group and 6.1% versus 4.0%, respectively. The overall Walch-Duplay scores at last follow-up were also comparable between the 2 groups, 67.3 ± 24.85 and 71.8 ± 25.1, even though the first-time dislocation group showed a lower pain subscore (15.0 ± 8.6 vs 18.0 ± 7.5; P = .003). The VAS for pain was also significantly higher in the first-time dislocation group compared with the recurrent dislocation group (1.8 ± 2.3 vs 1.2 ± 1.7; P = .03).

Conclusion:

The number of episodes of dislocation before surgery does not affect postoperative instability rates and reoperation rates after the Latarjet procedure. However, patients with first-time dislocations had more postoperative pain compared with patients with recurrent dislocations before surgery.
Uncovering material flow analysis of waste cathode ray tubes television in China
Authors: Singh Narendra , Tang Yuanyuan , Li Jinhui
Published: October 2019

Cathode ray tube televisions (TVs) contributes significantly to the rapidly increasing waste stream of cathode ray tubes in the e-waste. This study mainly focused on the material flow of waste cathode ray tube TVs in China. Currently, waste cathode ray tubes constitute a major part of the total generation of e-waste in China. The study aimed to emphasise the flow of materials in the generated waste cathode ray tube TVs by using stock-based material flow analysis model. The modelling was conducted to investigate the disposable number of obsolete devices, in-use stock, and end-of-life of cathode ray tube TVs. SubSTance flow ANalysis (STAN) software was used to perform the material flow analysis modelling and graphical model of the waste cathode ray tube TVs. The results show that in a period of 10 years, overall about 3241.37 kt of cathode ray tube TVs were net produced in China, containing 183.6 kt of glass, 1718.2 kt of plastic, 243 kt of steel/iron, 153.5 kt of lead, 76.6 kt of copper, 7.8 kt of aluminium, and 1.6 kt of antimony. The results revealed that almost 125 kt of end-of-life cathode ray tube TVs containing about 68 kt of glass, 40 kt of plastic, 9 kt of steel/iron, 6 kt of lead, 3 kt of copper, 0.3 kt of aluminium, and 0.07 kt of antimony were dumped in the period of 10 years. Therefore, the management of waste cathode ray tube TVs required better infrastructure for recycling and better regulation to achieve better results in the high recovery of valuable resources.
Tracking Changes in US Organizations’ Workplace Health Promotion Initiatives: A Longitudinal Analysis of Performance Against Quality Benchmarks
Authors: Weaver GracieLee M. , Bibeau Daniel L. , Rulison Kelly , Bray Jeremy , Dudley William N. , Unsal Nilay
Published: October 2019

Purpose:

To examine changes in organizations’ workplace health promotion (WHP) initiatives over time associated with repeated self-assessment using the Well Workplace Checklist (WWC).

Design:

Well Workplace Checklist data include a convenience sample of US organizations that selected to assess their performance against quality WHP benchmarks.

Setting:

Workplaces.

Subjects:

In total, 577 US organizations completed the WWC in 2 or more years from 2008 to 2015.

Measures:

The WWC is a 100-item organizational assessment that measures performance against the original set of quality benchmarks that were established by the Wellness Council of America (WELCOA).

Analysis:

This study examined changes in overall WWC scores as well as 7 separate benchmark scores. Multilevel modeling was used to examine changes in scores associated with repeated assessments, controlling for the year of assessment and organizational characteristics.

Results:

There were significant increases in overall WWC scores (β = 2.93, P < .001) associated with the repeated WWC assessments, after controlling for organizational characteristics. All 7 benchmark scores had significant increases associated with reassessment. Compared to other benchmarks, operating plan (β = 6.18, P < .001) and evaluation (β = 4.91, P < .001) scores increased more with each reassessment.

Conclusion:

Continued reassessment may represent more commitment to and investment in WHP initiatives which could lead to improved quality. Other factors that may positively influence changes in performance against benchmarks include company size, access to outside resources for WHP, and a history with implementing WHP.
Argatroban Versus Bivalirudin in the Treatment of Suspected or Confirmed Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Duewell Brittney E. , Briski Matthew J. , Feih Joel T. , Rinka Joseph R. G. , Tawil Justin N.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Argatroban and bivalirudin are direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) used for the treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). The purpose of this study was to determine whether either agent offered an advantage in efficacy and ability to remain within the targeted therapeutic anticoagulation range.

Methods:

This was a single-center, retrospective, observational cohort study at a large academic medical center. The primary efficacy outcome was time to therapeutic anticoagulation, defined as total number of hours to achieve 2 consecutive activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) values in goal range.

Results:

A total of 91 patients were included in the analysis. Average time to initial therapeutic anticoagulation was 4.71 hours and 9.8 hours for the argatroban and bivalirudin groups, respectively ( P < .01).

Conclusions:

Argatroban may be advantageous compared to bivalirudin in achieving initial therapeutic anticoagulation goals among patients with suspected or confirmed HIT.
Economic feasibility through the optimal capacity calculation model of an energy storage system connected to solar power generator
Authors: Kang Min-Su , Park Young-Kwon , Kim Kyung-Tae
Published: October 2019

In this study, the optimal capacity of a battery and power conditioning system (PCS) of energy storage system were calculated. In addition, economic analysis was conducted to determine the optimal equipment standard, taking the government support plan into account. In addition, the changes in the power generation pattern were examined when the energy storage system and photovoltaic (PV) were connected to verify the power peak management efficiency of the energy storage system. Moreover, the effect of the energy storage system support policy was assessed by comparing the economic efficiency of single-PV equipment and energy storage system-connected equipment by the internal rate of return. Internal rate of return was analyzed by the change in cost of energy storage system equipment and the price of system marginal price/renewable energy certificate, which was a sales factor, and used for economic forecasting of the energy storage system. To accomplish this, the 2015 power generation output data (daily average 3.69 h power generation) of LG Hausys Ulsan station were converted to small-scale (3 MW) and large-scale (10 MW) solar power and a model that calculated the factor capacity of battery and the PCS capacity of the energy storage system was then constructed. Furthermore, the selected battery capacity and PCS capacity were analyzed separately by economic analysis to propose an energy storage system equipment standard, which could guarantee the optimal economic efficiency. Finally, based on the “Guideline for Management and Operation of Mandatory Supply for New and Renewable Energy” established by the Ministry of Commerce Industry and Energy, the profit model applied to the economic analysis was limited to an energy storage system charged from 10:00 to 16:00.
Dynamic hedging analysis of carbon emission trading yield in Shenzhen
Authors: Huang Jiemin , Ge Jiaoju , Chang Kai , Tian Yixiang
Published: October 2019

The paper selected the carbon emission trading yields data from 2014 to 2017 in Shenzhen. A generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model was used to find the best way to hedge the risk of spot carbon emissions in Shenzhen carbon emission trading exchange market. The variances of carbon spot and coal futures were first examined. The dynamic hedging rate was calculated too. The results showed that according to the actual data and market change strategies, the dynamic hedging rate is better than the optimal hedging rate that can hedge risk better. The carbon emission trading yield was found to exhibit aggregate fluctuation; in addition, the dynamic hedging can better hedge risk timely than static hedging. This provides investors with the basis for decision-making to hedge risk in carbon emission trading and helps investors to maximize their returns under certain risk conditions.
Gender Dynamics in Schooling: A Comparative Study of Co-educational Practices in Two Socio-cultural Milieux
Authors: Narwana Kamlesh , Rathee Sharmila
Published: October 2019

Different forms of schooling, single sex or co-educational, have been discussed in educational academia from the perspective of their impact on gender equality. The debate revolves around the question: which form of schooling (single or co-educational) will be effective in combating prevalent gender stereotypes? With the contradictory evidence, this discussion remains inconclusive. With the help of inferences from evidence both factual and anecdotal, the paper attempts to delineate the need to consider socio-cultural dimensions for developing a deeper understanding of gender dynamics in schools. Understanding the role of the social context called for a comparative analysis of two co-educational schools from different socio-cultural contexts: a rural government school in a state characterised by traditional gender norms and an elite private school in a metropolitan city. By drawing linkages between socio-cultural aspects and schooling practices, it endeavours to analyse parental concerns, the role of the school as an agency, the interface of caste, culture and tradition and their impact on peer behaviour in both the schools. The study has led to the conclusion that a combination of factors retards or promotes the accomplishment of education policies in individual schools.
Gendered Cultural Differences and Change in Gender Roles Among Displaced Refugees
Authors: Daniely Dvora Lederman , Lederman Shmuel
Published: October 2019

This article examines the emancipatory potential, which exists in displacement in terms of the change in gender roles and the transformation of women into influential and leading forces in the rehabilitation of refugees. It also examines the issue from a cultural archetypal point of view and investigates the cultural interpretation and perception of the state of chaos and destruction as gender-dependent. On the basis of archetypal models of rites of passage, we examine the different perceptions of the liminal and anti-structural phase of displacement and the way it diminishes powers and coping resources among men, as opposed to the creation of healing and rehabilitative resources derived from the marginal areas of women’s culture.
Book review: Nirmala S. Salgado, Buddhist Nuns and Gendered Practice: In Search of the Female Renunciant
Authors: Thungon Leki Wangmo
Published: October 2019

Nirmala S. Salgado, Buddhist Nuns and Gendered Practice: In Search of the Female Renunciant. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2013. 319 pages, ₹1,395 (Paperback), ISBN: 978-0-19-976001-5.
Shakthi, A Mobile Phone Application to Promote Legal Redressal Awareness Among Young Indian Women
Authors: Raji Harshini , Velayutham C.
Published: October 2019

Shakthi is a mobile phone application launched for spreading awareness of legal redressal procedures available for women in India. It was designed to gauge the need for legal awareness and was tested on a group of 30 young women between 18 and 25 years old. Many heinous crimes committed against women remain under-reported because of social stigma, illiteracy and lack of reporting knowledge. The application addressed topics such as what is a First Information Report (FIR) and how to file one, the redressal process for sexual harassment at work, etc. The analysis of the tests showed that the participants were keen on learning more information on women’s rights. Future programmes can help equip women with more knowledge on how to address crimes, and a more extensive app can add meaning to the technology-enhanced lives of women in developing countries.
Sub-syndromal PTSD: what is important to know in military personnel and veterans?
Authors: Wallace Duncan , Moss Andrew S , Hodges Samantha
Published: October 2019

Objective:

To assist healthcare professionals in their management of military personnel and veterans by providing information on the importance of sub-syndromal PTSD.

Conclusion:

Sub-syndromal PTSD occurs when persons experience many of the symptoms of PTSD, with some impairment, but do not meet full diagnostic criteria. Found to be associated with a range of mental health conditions including alcohol abuse, higher rates of suicidal ideas and delayed-onset PTSD, it should be seen as ‘symptoms that are predictive of later disorder’. Patients with this condition need accurate assessment, trauma-focused therapy and follow-up to address the symptoms and, potentially, prevent development of PTSD.
Histophilus somni myocarditis and leptomeningitis in feedlot cattle: case report and occurrence in South America
Authors: Margineda Carlos A. , O’Toole Donal , Prieto Mónica , Uzal Francisco A. , Zielinski Gustavo C.
Published: October 2019

We investigated deaths in a group of feedlot steers in Argentina. The main findings in 3 steers autopsied were pulmonary congestion and edema, necrotizing myocarditis, pericarditis, suppurative leptomeningitis, and bronchopneumonia. Histophilus somni was detected by bacterial culture and immunohistochemistry in the hearts of the 3 animals. Partial sequences of the 16S rRNA gene of a H. somni isolate had 99% similarity with other H. somni sequences in GenBank. Most reports of H. somni septicemia in cattle originate from North America and western Europe. There is scant information about cardiac histophilosis in South America. A survey of diagnostic laboratory personnel in 7 South American countries documented various forms of bovine histophilosis in Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
What Are Optimal P2Y12 Inhibitor and Schedule of Administration in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome?
Authors: Cohen Michael V. , Downey James M.
Published: October 2019

Guidelines recommend treatment with a P2Y12 platelet adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitor in patients undergoing elective or urgent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), but the optimal agent or timing of administration is still not clearly specified. The P2Y12 inhibitor was initially used for its platelet anti-aggregatory action to block thrombosis of the recanalized coronary artery or deployed stent. It is now recognized that these agents also offer potent cardioprotection against a reperfusion injury that occurs in the first minutes of reperfusion if platelet aggregation is blocked at the time of reperfusion. But this is difficult to achieve with oral agents which are slowly absorbed and often require time-consuming metabolic activation. Patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who usually have a large mass of myocardium at risk of infarction seldom have sufficient time for upstream-administered oral agents to achieve a therapeutic P2Y12 level of inhibition by the time of balloon inflation. However, optimal treatment could be assured by initiating an IV cangrelor infusion shortly prior to stenting followed by subsequent post-PCI transition to an oral agent, that is, ticagrelor, once success of the recanalization and absence of need for surgical intervention are confirmed. Not only should this sequence provide optimal protection against infarction, it should also negate bleeding if coronary artery bypass grafting should be required since stopping the cangrelor infusion at any time will quickly restore platelet reactivity. It is anticipated that cangrelor-induced myocardial salvage will help preserve myocardial function and significantly diminish postinfarction heart failure.
Optical coherence tomography and neurodegeneration in epilepsy
Authors: Bayraktar Bilen Neslihan , Titiz Ayse Pinar , Bilen Sule , Polat Gultekin Burcu , Sahin Hamurcu Mualla , Kalayci Defne
Published: October 2019

Purpose:

To compare optical coherence tomography measurements; central macular thickness, ganglion cell complex, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with epilepsy versus healthy controls.

Methods:

We evaluated 28 eyes of 28 patients with epilepsy and 34 eyes of 34 healthy subjects. Central macular thickness, ganglion cell complex, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements were performed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Results:

Superior and superotemporal quadrant ganglion cell complex, average, and superior quadrant retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements were significantly lower in epilepsy group compared to healthy control subjects. Central macular thickness was significantly lower in polytherapy group compared to monotherapy group. Ganglion cell complex and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements were not significantly different between polytherapy and monotherapy groups.

Conclusion:

The present study shows that epileptic patients taking antiepileptic drugs have reduced ganglion cell complex and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness compared to healthy controls. This can be related to the epileptic process in the brain. Optical coherence tomography may be a useful tool for showing the neurodegeneration in patients with epilepsy.
Postoperative radiographic evaluation and simulation study for optimal cup placement in high-hip centre total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Takasago Tomoya , Goto Tomohiro , Wada Keizo , Hamada Daisuke , Sairyo Koichi
Published: October 2019

Background:

Achieving favourable outcomes in high-hip centre reconstruction in hip dysplasia requires the optimal cup height and size, which can provide sufficient bone coverage for stable cup fixation that fits the anteroposterior acetabular rim without increasing the cup height more than necessary.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed 214 patients who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and identified 30 hips with Crowe II ( n = 15) or III ( n = 15) developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). We measured the cup-centre-edge angle (cup-CE) and the vertical and horizontal distances from the teardrop. In a simulation study, we examined the cup-CE and optimal cup size by changing the cup height in 5-mm increments over a distance of 15–40 mm above the inter-teardrop line using a 3-dimensional template system.

Results:

Postoperative radiographic evaluation revealed a mean cup-CE of 19.9° in Crowe II hips and 15.2° in Crowe III hips; the respective mean vertical distances were 26.6 mm and 27.6 mm ( p = 0.511). There was no evidence of cup loosening or lateralisation at a minimum of 7 years (7–11 years) follow-up. Simulation showed that the hip centre needed to be elevated to 20 mm to acquire a cup-CE of more than 0°. More than 10° of cup-CE could be expected by elevating the hip centre to 25 mm in both Crowe II and III.

Conclusions:

Even in severe DDH, a high-hip centre positioned approximately 25 mm superior to the inter-teardrop line was sufficient to achieve optimal bone coverage, which could lead to more secure cup fixation.
Pulsatile tinnitus due to an aneurysmatic diverticulum of the jugular bulb treated with the Woven EndoBridge device
Authors: Drescher F , Maus V , Weber W , Fischer S
Published: October 2019

Tinnitus is a common symptom with an incidence of 4–20%. Pulsatile tinnitus represents a minor subgroup of less than 10% of all patients suffering from tinnitus. Pulsatile tinnitus – different from permanent mostly idiopathic tinnitus is mainly caused by physical sources related to vascular pathologies resulting in a change in blood volume and pressure or an alteration of the vessel lumen. Differential diagnosis for pulsatile tinnitus include dural arteriovenous fistulas, glomus tumors of the jugular foramen and the middle ear or atherosclerotic diseases of the carotid artery in the petrous or cavernous segment. Anomalies of the dural sinuses and the jugular bulb have been described as rare sources of synchronized tinnitus. The Woven EndoBridge (WEB, Microvention, Tustin, CA) is an intraaneurysmal flow diverter for the treatment of broad-based arterial aneurysms with a high safety and effectiveness profile. The initial version of the WEB with a dual layer structure evolved to a single layer structure in two different versions (WEB SL, WEB SLS). The WEB system does not require a concomitant antiplatelet therapy compared to other intraluminal devices as extra-aneurysmal flow-diverters or intracranial stents. Here we describe a case of an aneurysmatic diverticulum of the jugular bulb in a patient with ipsilateral pulsatile tinnitus treated with a WEB device.
Reliability analysis of buried polyethylene pipeline subject to traffic loads
Authors: Si Xi Zha , Ying Wu , Peng Wei Jin
Published: October 2019

Due to the increasing number of vehicles in urban areas and the degradation of pavement performance, the failure rate of polyethylene pipeline, across roads, has increased rapidly. Based on relevant data, the traffic loads are regarded as a random variable; also its distribution is determined. First, the nonlinear contact interaction model was established, among traffic loads, soil and buried polyethylene pipeline, using finite element analysis software. Second, considering the decline of the pavement performance, the mechanical characteristics of buried gas pipeline suffering from different traffic loads were analyzed. Based on statistics of vehicle load, the distribution law of its maximum equivalent stress was determined by numerical simulation. Particularly, the strength distribution law of polyethylene pipeline was obtained through experiments. The reliability index of polyethylene pipeline was calculated using central point method and Monte Carlo method. Finally, based on the degradation curve of pavement performance, the remaining life of buried polyethylene pipeline was assessed.
T-614 inhibits human aortic adventitial fibroblast proliferation and promotes interleukin-8 production in vitro
Authors: Ci Weiping , Wang Tian , Li Taotao , Wan Jin
Published: October 2019

Objectives

The effect and underlying mechanism of T-614 (iguratimod) on Takayasu’s arteritis (TA) are unknown. Here, we report the effects of T-614 on cell proliferation and interleukin-8 (IL-8) production in human aortic adventitial fibroblasts (HAAFs) in vitro and explore its initial benefit in terms of vascular wall inflammation and remodeling for patients with TA.

Methods

HAAFs were cultured with 0, 5, 50, 100, or 250 μg/ml T-614 in the absence or presence of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in vitro. Cell viability was determined by a modified MTT assay. Supernatant IL-8 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Results

In the presence of TNF-α, compared to that in the control group, cell viability of HAAFs significantly decreased in the 50, 100, and 250 μg/ml T-614 treatment groups (OD value: P <  0.01, P <  0.001, P <  0.001, respectively; survival fraction (SF): P <  0.05, P <  0.001, P <  0.001, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in cell viability between TNF-α-stimulated and unstimulated groups at the same concentration of T-614. In the absence or presence of TNF-α, T-614 suppressed HAAF cell viability dose-dependently (OD value: r = −0.915, P =  0.000; r = −0.926, P =  0.000, respectively; SF: r = −0.897, P =  0.000; r = −0.885, P =  0.000, respectively). Compared to that in the control group, in the absence of TNF-α, IL-8 levels in the 5 and 100 μg/ml T-614-treated groups were significantly higher ( P <  0.05); in the presence of TNF-α, IL-8 levels in the 5, 50, and 100 μg/ml T-614-treated groups were significantly higher ( P <  0.001, P <  0.001, P <  0.01, respectively). Further, there was a negative correlation between supernatant IL-8 levels and T-614 concentration in groups stimulated with TNF-α ( r = −0.670, P =  0.000), but there was no significant correlation between these parameters in groups that were not stimulated with TNF-α.

Conclusions

In the absence or presence of TNF-α, T-614 can inhibit HAAF proliferation and promote IL-8 production in vitro; therefore, it could be used to prevent adventitial thickening of the aorta and improve vascular remodeling in inflammatory environments in vitro and might provide a new immunotherapeutic intervention for TA.
Probing molecular docking problem by an improved quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Fu Yi , Mei Juan , Zhao Ji
Published: October 2019

The main objective of molecular docking is to find a model of interaction between a protein and ligand with a minimum binding energy. This process is driven by intricate algorithms and scoring functions. This paper mainly concentrates on the search algorithm used for solving the docking problem. Here, a new approach is proposed for the molecular docking problem that utilizes a hybrid algorithm that combines an improved quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm (QPSO) and the Solis and Wets algorithm. The improved QPSO algorithm that is based on individual particle evolutionary processes is known as individual particle evolutionary particle swarm optimization (IEQPSO). The IEQPSO algorithm was tested and compared with particle swarm optimization, QPSO, and its variants with a suite of benchmark functions. The results indicated the superiority of the proposed approach according to benchmark test functions. Then, the hybrid algorithm based on the IEQPSO algorithm was used for optimizing the energy function of the molecular docking problem and was compared with the classical Lamarckian genetic algorithm used by molecular docking software. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation experiments revealed the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm in solving the molecular docking problem.
Rotating flow of nanofluid due to exponentially stretching surface: An optimal study
Authors: Mohyud-Din Syed Tauseef , Hamid Muhammad , Usman Muhammad , Kanwal Afshan , Zubair Tamour , Wang Wei , Nazir Aqsa
Published: October 2019

In this article, the presented study is based on a modification in Gegenbauer wavelets method. The modeled problem is presented to analyze the phenomena of transfer of heat of rotating nanofluids in which the flow is produced by an exponentially stretching sheet. The purpose of this study is to examine the simultaneous effects of rotation of nanofluid and exponentially stretching on the shear stresses and heat transfer rate, cooling proficiency of water-based nanofluids containing Ag, Cu, Al2O3, TiO2, and CuO nanoparticles, and modification in Gegenbauer wavelets method to obtain the numerical solution of the said problem. A comparative analysis is presented among the outcomes obtained by modified Gegenbauer wavelets method, Runge–Kutta method of order-4, and already existing methods. The comparison shows that this modification is extremely efficient, and proposed technique could be extended for other physical problems.
Balancing benefits and risks in the era of biologics
Authors: Adami Giovanni , Saag Kenneth G. , Chapurlat Roland D. , Guañabens Nuria , Haugeberg Glenn , Lems Willem F. , Matijevic Radmila , Peel Nicola , Poddubnyy Denis , Geusens Piet
Published: October 2019

Biologics are substances synthetized from biological sources used in the prevention and treatment of several diseases. Rheumatologists have many years of experience with biologics for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases and osteoporosis. Randomized clinical trials and postmarketing studies have demonstrated that treatment with biologics can result, albeit infrequently, in serious adverse events. To date, several risk mitigation strategies have been identified and implemented. The objective of the present perspective review is to examine the risk mitigation strategies of biologic treatments, with special focus on anti-tumor necrosis factors and denosumab.
Men View Their Ex-Partners More Favorably Than Women Do
Authors: Athenstaedt Ursula , Brohmer Hilmar , Simpson Jeffry A. , Müller Sandra , Schindling Nina , Bacik Adam , Van Lange Paul A. M.
Published: October 2019

Our research deals with the question how people look back at their ex-partners—those with whom they were once romantically involved? Such views are important because they may shape our views of current relationships or new (potential) partners. Across three studies (total N = 876), we find that men hold more positive attitudes towards their female ex-partners than women do towards their male ex-partners. Gender-related variables provide further insight into this phenomenon. Ex-partner attitudes correlated positively with more permissive sexual attitudes and the amount of social support that individuals perceived from their ex-partners (both higher in men), whereas the ex-partner attitudes correlated negatively with attributions of greater responsibility for the breakup to ex-partner or relationship itself (both higher in women). Both men and women reported more positive ex-partner attitudes if they were single or had lower breakup acceptance.
No Replication, No Trust? How Low Replicability Influences Trust in Psychology
Authors: Wingen Tobias , Berkessel Jana B. , Englich Birte
Published: October 2019

In the current psychological debate, low replicability of psychological findings is a central topic. While the discussion about the replication crisis has a huge impact on psychological research, we know less about how it impacts public trust in psychology. In this article, we examine whether low replicability damages public trust and how this damage can be repaired. Studies 1–3 provide correlational and experimental evidence that low replicability reduces public trust in psychology. Additionally, Studies 3–5 evaluate the effectiveness of commonly used trust-repair strategies such as information about increased transparency (Study 3), explanations for low replicability (Study 4), or recovered replicability (Study 5). We found no evidence that these strategies significantly repair trust. However, it remains possible that they have small but potentially meaningful effects, which could be detected with larger samples. Overall, our studies highlight the importance of replicability for public trust in psychology.
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause
Authors: Briggs Paula
Published: October 2019

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause affects approximately 50% of women post-menopause and is under-reported. This review of the condition including established and newer treatment options aspires to empower clinicians to ask about symptoms and be more proactive in their management.
Should Nursing Institute Random Drug Screening?
Authors: Carter T’Anya , Heaton Karen , Shirey Maria R.
Published: October 2019

The nursing profession should follow what other professions have already done by instituting random drug screening in health care facilities now.
Uncovering the mechanisms of exertional dyspnoea in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema
Authors: Costa Camila M. , Neder J. Alberto , Verrastro Carlos G. , Paula-Ribeiro Marcelle , Ramos Roberta , Ferreira Eloara M. , Nery Luiz E. , O'Donnell Denis E. , Pereira Carlos A.C. , Ota-Arakaki Jaquelina
Published: October 2019

The prevailing view is that exertional dyspnoea in patients with combined idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and emphysema (CPFE) can be largely explained by severe hypoxaemia. However, there is little evidence to support these assumptions.

We prospectively contrasted the sensory and physiological responses to exercise in 42 CPFE and 16 IPF patients matched by the severity of exertional hypoxaemia. Emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis were quantified using computed tomography. Inspiratory constraints were assessed in a constant work rate test: capillary blood gases were obtained in a subset of patients.

CPFE patients had lower exercise capacity despite less extensive fibrosis compared to IPF (p=0.004 and 0.02, respectively). Exertional dyspnoea was the key limiting symptom in 24 CPFE patients who showed significantly lower transfer factor, arterial carbon dioxide tension and ventilatory efficiency (higher minute ventilation (V′E)/carbon dioxide output (V′CO2) ratio) compared to those with less dyspnoea. However, there were no between-group differences in the likelihood of pulmonary hypertension by echocardiography (p=0.44). High dead space/tidal volume ratio, low capillary carbon dioxide tension emphysema severity (including admixed emphysema) and traction bronchiectasis were related to a highV′E/V′CO2ratio in the more dyspnoeic group.V′E/V′CO2nadir >50 (OR 9.43, 95% CI 5.28–13.6; p=0.0001) and total emphysema extent >15% (2.25, 1.28–3.54; p=0.01) predicted a high dyspnoea burden associated with severely reduced exercise capacity in CPFE

Contrary to current understanding, hypoxaemiaper seis not the main determinant of exertional dyspnoea in CPFE. Poor ventilatory efficiency due to increased “wasted” ventilation in emphysematous areas and hyperventilation holds a key mechanistic role that deserves therapeutic attention.
Socioeconomic status and stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, and worldwide burden: an ecological analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Authors: Avan Abolfazl , Digaleh Hadi , Di Napoli Mario , Stranges Saverio , Behrouz Reza , Shojaeianbabaei Golnaz , Amiri Amin , Tabrizi Reza , Mokhber Naghmeh , Spence J. David , Azarpazhooh Mahmoud Reza
Published: October 2019

Background

Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with stroke incidence and mortality. Distribution of stroke risk factors is changing worldwide; evidence on these trends is crucial to the allocation of resources for prevention strategies to tackle major modifiable risk factors with the highest impact on stroke burden.

Methods

We extracted data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017. We analysed trends in global and SES-specific age-standardised stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost from 1990 to 2017. We also estimated the age-standardised attributable risk of stroke mortality associated with common risk factors in low-, low-middle-, upper-middle-, and high-income countries. Further, we explored the effect of age and sex on associations of risk factors with stroke mortality from 1990 to 2017.

Results

Despite a growth in crude number of stroke events from 1990 to 2017, there has been an 11.3% decrease in age-standardised stroke incidence rate worldwide (150.5, 95% uncertainty interval [UI] 140.3–161.8 per 100,000 in 2017). This has been accompanied by an overall 3.1% increase in age-standardised stroke prevalence rate (1300.6, UI 1229.0–1374.7 per 100,000 in 2017) and a 33.4% decrease in age-standardised stroke mortality rate (80.5, UI 78.9–82.6 per 100,000 in 2017) over the same time period. The rising trends in age-standardised stroke prevalence have been observed only in middle-income countries, despite declining trends in age-standardised stroke incidence and mortality in all income categories since 2005. Further, there has been almost a 34% reduction in stroke death rate (67.8, UI 64.1–71.1 per 100,000 in 2017) attributable to modifiable risk factors, more prominently in wealthier countries.

Conclusions

Almost half of stroke-related deaths are attributable to poor management of modifiable risk factors, and thus potentially preventable. We should appreciate societal barriers in lower-SES groups to design tailored preventive strategies. Despite improvements in general health knowledge, access to healthcare, and preventative strategies, SES is still strongly associated with modifiable risk factors and stroke burden; thus, screening of people from low SES at higher stroke risk is crucial.