bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Redactable Blockchain-Based Data Management Scheme for Agricultural Product Traceability
Authors: Yang Shangxiong , Li Shaowen , Chen Wenjia , Zhao Yawen
Published: March 2024

With the development of agricultural information technology, the Internet of Things and blockchain have become important in the traceability of agricultural products. Sensors collect real-time data in agricultural production and a blockchain provides a secure and transparent storage medium for these data, which improves the transparency and credibility of agricultural product traceability. However, existing agricultural product traceability solutions are limited by the immutability of the blockchain, making it difficult to delete erroneous data and modify the scope of data sharing. This damages the credibility of traceability data and is not conducive to the exchange and sharing of information among enterprises. In this article, we propose an agricultural product traceability data management scheme based on a redactable blockchain. This scheme allows agricultural enterprises to encrypt data to protect privacy. In order to facilitate the maintenance and sharing of data, we introduce a chameleon hash function to provide data modification capabilities. Enterprises can fix erroneous data and update the access permissions of the data. To improve the efficiency of block editing, our scheme adopts a distributed block editing method. This method supports threshold editing operations, avoiding single-point-of-failure issues. We save records of data modifications on the blockchain and establish accountability mechanisms to identify malicious entities. Finally, in this paper we provide a security analysis of our proposed solution and verify its effectiveness through experiments. Compared with the existing scheme, the block generating speed is improved by 42% and the block editing speed is improved by 29.3% at 125 nodes.
Research on Blockchain-Enabled Smart Grid for Anti-Theft Electricity Securing Peer-to-Peer Transactions in Modern Grids
Authors: Din Jalalud , Su Hongsheng , Ali Sajad , Salman Muhammad
Published: March 2024

Electricity theft presents a significant financial burden to utility companies globally, amounting to trillions of dollars annually. This pressing issue underscores the need for transformative measures within the electrical grid. Accordingly, our study explores the integration of block chain technology into smart grids to combat electricity theft, improve grid efficiency, and facilitate renewable energy integration. Block chain’s core principles of decentralization, transparency, and immutability align seamlessly with the objectives of modernizing power systems and securing transactions within the electricity grid. However, as smart grids advance, they also become more vulnerable to attacks, particularly from smart meters, compared to traditional mechanical meters. Our research aims to introduce an advanced approach to identifying energy theft while prioritizing user privacy, a critical aspect often neglected in existing methodologies that mandate the disclosure of sensitive user data. To achieve this goal, we introduce three distributed algorithms: lower–upper decomposition (LUD), lower–upper decomposition with partial pivoting (LUDP), and optimized LUD composition (OLUD), tailored specifically for peer-to-peer (P2P) computing in smart grids. These algorithms are meticulously crafted to solve linear systems of equations and calculate users’ “honesty coefficients,” providing a robust mechanism for detecting fraudulent activities. Through extensive simulations, we showcase the efficiency and accuracy of our algorithms in identifying deceitful users while safeguarding data confidentiality. This innovative approach not only bolsters the security of smart grids against energy theft, but also addresses privacy and security concerns inherent in conventional energy-theft detection methods.
Near-Infrared Dual Greenhouse Gas Sensor Based on Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber for Gas-Cell In-Situ Applications
Authors: Wang Jianing , Li Bingqiang , Wu Weiping , Lin Guanyu
Published: March 2024

A greenhouse gas sensor has been developed to simultaneously detect multiple gas species within a hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber (HC-PBF) structure entirely composed of fibers. To enhance sensitivity, the gas cell consists of HC-PBF enclosed between two single-mode fibers fused with a reflective end surface to double the absorption length. The incorporation of side holes for gas diffusion allows for analysis of the relationship between gas diffusion speed, number of drilled side holes, and energy loss. As the number of drilled holes increases, the response time decreases to less than 3 min at the expense of energy loss. Gas experiments demonstrated detection limits of 0.1 ppm for methane and 2 ppm for carbon dioxide, with an average time of 50 s. In-situ testing conducted in rice fields validates the effectiveness of the developed gas detection system using HC-PBF cells, establishing all-fiber sensors with high sensitivity and rapid response.
Screening for Peripheral Vascular Stiffness in Lipedema Patients by Automatic Electrocardiogram-Based Oscillometric Detection
Authors: Mahlmann Adrian , Khorzom Yazan , Behrendt Christian-Alexander , Leip Jennifer Lynne , Bachler Martin , Wassertheurer Siegfried , Elzanaty Nesma , Ghazy Tamer
Published: March 2024

Body mass index (BMI) is seen as a predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in lipedema patients. A valid predictor of CVD is increased aortic stiffness (IAS), and previous research described IAS in lipedema. However, it is not known if this applies to all patients. In this cross-sectional single-center cohort study, peripheral pulse wave velocity (PWV) as a non-invasive indicator of aortic stiffness was measured in 41 patients with lipedema, irrespective of stage and without pre-existing cardiovascular conditions or a history of smoking and a maximum body mass index (BMI) of 35 kg/m2. Automatically electrocardiogram-triggered oscillometric sensor technology by the Gesenius–Keller method was used. Regardless of the stage of lipedema disease, there was no significant difference in PWV compared to published standard values adjusted to age and blood pressure. BMI alone is not a predictor of cardiovascular risk in lipedema patients. Measuring other anthropometric factors, such as the waist–hip ratio or waist–height ratio, should be included, and the existing cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, and adipose tissue distribution for accurate risk stratification should be taken into account. Automated sensor technology recording the PWV represents a valid and reliable method for health monitoring and early detection of cardiovascular risks.
An Infrared Image Defect Detection Method for Steel Based on Regularized YOLO
Authors: Zou Yongqiang , Fan Yugang
Published: March 2024

Steel surfaces often display intricate texture patterns that can resemble defects, posing a challenge in accurately identifying actual defects. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a highly robust defect detection model. This study proposes a defect detection method for steel infrared images based on a Regularized YOLO framework. Firstly, the Coordinate Attention (CA) is embedded within the C2F framework, utilizing a lightweight attention module to enhance the feature extraction capability of the backbone network. Secondly, the neck part design incorporates the Bi-directional Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN) for weighted fusion of multi-scale feature maps. This creates a model called BiFPN-Concat, which enhances feature fusion capability. Finally, the loss function of the model is regularized to improve the generalization performance of the model. The experimental results indicate that the model has only 3.03 M parameters, yet achieves a mAP@0.5 of 80.77% on the NEU-DET dataset and 99.38% on the ECTI dataset. This represents an improvement of 2.3% and 1.6% over the baseline model, respectively. This method is well-suited for industrial detection applications involving non-destructive testing of steel using infrared imagery.
BEC Defender: QR Code-Based Methodology for Prevention of Business Email Compromise (BEC) Attacks
Authors: Papathanasiou Anastasios , Liontos George , Paparis Georgios , Liagkou Vasiliki , Glavas Euripides
Published: March 2024

In an era of ever-evolving and increasingly sophisticated cyber threats, protecting sensitive information from cyberattacks such as business email compromise (BEC) attacks has become a top priority for individuals and enterprises. Existing methods used to counteract the risks linked to BEC attacks frequently prove ineffective because of the continuous development and evolution of these malicious schemes. This research introduces a novel methodology for safeguarding against BEC attacks called the BEC Defender. The methodology implemented in this paper augments the authentication mechanisms within business emails by employing a multi-layered validation process, which includes a MAC address as an identity token, QR code generation, and the integration of timestamps as unique identifiers. The BEC-Defender algorithm was implemented and evaluated in a laboratory environment, exhibiting promising results against BEC attacks by adding an extra layer of authentication.
Highly Selective Tilted Triangular Springs with Constant Force Reaction
Authors: Schmitt Lisa , Schmitt Philip , Hoffmann Martin
Published: March 2024

Guiding mechanisms are among the most elementary components of MEMS. Usually, a spring is required to be compliant in only one direction and stiff in all other directions. We introduce triangular springs with a preset tilting angle. The tilting angle lowers the reaction force and implements a constant reaction force. We show the influence of the tilting angle on the reaction force, on the spring stiffness and spring selectivity. Furthermore, we investigate the influence of the different spring geometry parameters on the spring reaction force. We experimentally show tilted triangular springs exhibiting constant force reactions in a large deflection range and a comb-drive actuator guided by tilted triangular springs.
Customisable Silicone Vessels and Tissue Phantoms for In Vitro Photoplethysmography Investigations into Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Karimpour Parmis , Ferizoli Redjan , May James M. , Kyriacou Panicos A.
Published: March 2024

Age-related vessel deterioration leads to changes in the structure and function of the heart and blood vessels, notably stiffening of vessel walls, increasing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), which accounts for 17.9 million global deaths annually. This study describes the fabrication of custom-made silicon vessels with varying mechanical properties (arterial stiffness). The primary objective of this study was to explore how changes in silicone formulations influenced vessel properties and their correlation with features extracted from signals obtained from photoplethysmography (PPG) reflectance sensors in an in vitro setting. Through alterations in the silicone formulations, it was found that it is possible to create elastomers exhibiting an elasticity range of 0.2 MPa to 1.22 MPa. It was observed that altering vessel elasticity significantly impacted PPG signal morphology, particularly reducing amplitude with increasing vessel stiffness (p < 0.001). A p-value of 5.176 × 10−15 and 1.831 × 10−14 was reported in the red and infrared signals, respectively. It has been concluded in this study that a femoral artery can be recreated using the silicone material, with the addition of a softener to achieve the required mechanical properties. This research lays the foundation for future studies to replicate healthy and unhealthy vascular systems. Additional pathologies can be introduced by carefully adjusting the elastomer materials or incorporating geometrical features consistent with various CVDs.
Using Fuzzy C-Means Clustering to Determine First Arrival of Microseismic Recordings
Authors: Zhao Xiangyun , Chen Haihang , Li Binhong , Yang Zhen , Li Huailiang
Published: March 2024

Accurate and automatic first-arrival picking is one of the most crucial steps in microseismic monitoring. We propose a method based on fuzzy c-means clustering (FCC) to accurately divide microseismic data into useful waveform and noise sections. The microseismic recordings’ polarization linearity, variance, and energy are employed as inputs for the fuzzy clustering algorithm. The FCC produces a membership degree matrix that calculates the membership degree of each feature belonging to each cluster. The data section with the higher membership degree is identified as the useful waveform section, whose first point is determined as the first arrival. The extracted polarization linearity improves the classification performance of the fuzzy clustering algorithm, thereby enhancing the accuracy of first-arrival picking. Comparison tests using synthetic data with different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) demonstrate that the proposed method ensures that 94.3% of the first arrivals picked have an error within 2 ms when SNR = −5 dB, surpassing the residual U-Net, Akaike information criterion, and short/long time average ratio approaches. In addition, the proposed method achieves a picking accuracy of over 95% in the real dataset tests without requiring labelled data.
Measurement of 3D Wrist Angles by Combining Textile Stretch Sensors and AI Algorithm
Authors: Kim Jae-Ha , Koo Bon-Hak , Kim Sang-Un , Kim Joo-Yong
Published: March 2024

The wrist is one of the most complex joints in our body, composed of eight bones. Therefore, measuring the angles of this intricate wrist movement can prove valuable in various fields such as sports analysis and rehabilitation. Textile stretch sensors can be easily produced by immersing an E-band in a SWCNT solution. The lightweight, cost-effective, and reproducible nature of textile stretch sensors makes them well suited for practical applications in clothing. In this paper, wrist angles were measured by attaching textile stretch sensors to an arm sleeve. Three sensors were utilized to measure all three axes of the wrist. Additionally, sensor precision was heightened through the utilization of the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) technique, a subtype of deep learning. Rather than fixing the measurement values of each sensor to specific axes, we created an algorithm utilizing the coupling between sensors, allowing the measurement of wrist angles in three dimensions. Using this algorithm, the error angle of wrist angles measured with textile stretch sensors could be measured at less than 4.5°. This demonstrated higher accuracy compared to other soft sensors available for measuring wrist angles.
Efficient Vertical Structure Correlation and Power Line Inference
Authors: Flanigen Paul , Atkins Ella , Sarter Nadine
Published: March 2024

High-resolution three-dimensional data from sensors such as LiDAR are sufficient to find power line towers and poles but do not reliably map relatively thin power lines. In addition, repeated detections of the same object can lead to confusion while data gaps ignore known obstacles. The slow or failed detection of low-salience vertical obstacles and associated wires is one of today’s leading causes of fatal helicopter accidents. This article presents a method to efficiently correlate vertical structure observations with existing databases and infer the presence of power lines. The method uses a spatial hash key which compares an observed tower location to potential existing tower locations using nested hash tables. When an observed tower is in the vicinity of an existing entry, the method correlates or distinguishes objects based on height and position. When applied to Delaware’s Digital Obstacle File, the average horizontal uncertainty decreased from 206 to 56 ft. The power line presence is inferred by automatically comparing the proportional spacing, height, and angle of tower sets based on the more accurate database. Over 87% of electrical transmission towers were correctly identified with no false negatives.
Bibliometric Review of Prefabricated and Modular Timber Construction from 1990 to 2023: Evolution, Trends, and Current Challenges
Authors: Gutiérrez Nohelia , Negrão João , Dias Alfredo , Guindos Pablo
Published: March 2024

Due to its inherent characteristics, such as a light weight and ease of workability, timber is ideal for prefabricated and modular construction. However, since the research in this field covers a wide range of niches such as structural engineering, building physics, design for assembly and disassembly, and life cycle analysis, among others, and since there has been considerable development of the field in past years—boosted by new mass timber products and tall timber construction—it is difficult to critically analyze the current state of the art, current trends, and research challenges. Therefore, this research aimed to cover a systematic review of 409 articles to assess the field of prefabricated and modular timber construction critically. The methodology comprised a co-word network approach using the Science Mapping Analysis Software Tool (SciMAT, Version 3) to illustrate their evolution from 1990 to 2023. The findings show that the circular economy and digital technologies significantly impact the development of these technologies, which can potentially provide practical solutions for designing buildings with a circular approach and improving productivity and efficiency in the construction process. However, it is essential to acknowledge a notable deficiency in the research and understanding of these subjects. Therefore, various sectors must take the lead in conducting a thorough reassessment to enhance research and development in the field. Finally, the findings from this research can significantly contribute to existing knowledge and serve as a comprehensive platform for the further exploration of prefabricated and modular timber construction.
Effectiveness of Limestone Powder as a Partial Replacement of Cement on the Punching Shear Behavior of Normal- and High-Strength Concrete Flat Slabs
Authors: Mohammed Bilal Kamal , Al-Numan Bayan Salim
Published: March 2024

The objective of this study is to investigate the performance of normal- and high-strength concretes including limestone powder (LP) through their mechanical properties. Moreover, sustainable flat plates made of these concretes were investigated through their punching strength. For this purpose, two different types of concrete (normal- and high-strength) with various limestone replacement ratios of 0%, 5%, 15%, and 20% by weight were designed. The fresh and hardened characteristics of the mixtures were investigated at various ages. By this means, the experimental behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) flat plate slabs made with limestone powder subjected to punching shear failure was studied. Slump value increased up to a 5% replacement of LP; after that, there was a tendency for the slump value to decrease as the replacement of limestone in normal-strength LP concrete increased. However, slump values for high-strength LP concrete increased as the LP replacement amount increased. There was a steady decrease in the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength values with the increase in LP content in normal concrete. However, in the high-strength LP concrete, with more than 10% of replacement LP, a decrease in the compressive strength values and splitting tensile strength values occurred. Compared to the control slab specimen without LP, in normal strength, the slab specimens with LP exhibit a larger ultimate shear load for slab specimens containing 5% and 10% of LP. The maximum increment for RC slabs containing 10% limestone powder was 3.8%. However, in high-strength concrete, the slab specimens with LP remained at the same ultimate shear load as control slabs, up to 10% of LP. high-strength concrete slabs with 5–20% LP showed an overall increase of (17.2%) in punching strength over the corresponding LP normal-strength concrete slabs. The corresponding increase for control slabs was 18.8%. It can be concluded that introducing LP improves the slab punching strength in a similar way that is found in non-sustainable slabs when using either normal- or high-strength concrete.
CO2 Emissions from Blade Waste Treatments under Wind Power Scenario in Japan from 2021 to 2100
Authors: Nogaki Shota , Ito Lisa , Nakakubo Toyohiko , Tokai Akihiro
Published: March 2024

Wind power generation has been introduced to reduce carbon emissions; however, recycling or recovering the waste of wind blades, which contain fibre-reinforced plastic, is difficult. Converting the recovered materials for secondary use is also difficult owing to the decreased strength and low material value. Many countries, including Japan, have not considered the future energy and CO2 emission scenarios, particularly CO2 emissions from wind blade waste. Based on these scenarios, Japan has planned to introduce large amounts of onshore/offshore wind power generation through 2050. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate quantitatively the total amount of waste and the global warming potential (GWP) from multiple blade waste treatment processes. Based on the average lifetime of blades (20–25 years), we found that the GWP of wind blade waste treatment in Japan may reach a maximum of 197.3–232.4 MtCO2eq by 2060–2065. Based on this lifetime, the wind blade treatment in 2050 accounted for 63.9–80.1% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in 2050. We also showed that the rise in CO2 emissions from the wind blade wastes would make up 82.5–93.6% of the potential reduction in the GWP, which is achievable by shifting from thermal to wind power generation.
A Catalyst for China’s High-Tech Export Competitiveness: Perspective of Technological Innovation
Authors: Hu Genhua , Zhang Xuejian , Zhu Tingting
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the pivotal role of technological innovation in enhancing the export competitiveness of high-tech products in China, analyzing its interplay with industrial upgrading. Theoretically, it contributes to the understanding of how technological innovation affects high-tech product markets, offering a novel product-centric perspective distinct from traditional industry-focused views. Set against China’s shift toward a dual circulation development paradigm, the research utilizes a panel regression model to analyze data from 30 Chinese provinces, cities, and autonomous regions from 2011 to 2021. The findings underscore the significant positive impact of technological innovation on export competitiveness, with variances noted across Eastern, Central, and Western regions. The study reveals that technological innovation primarily influences the global competitiveness of high-tech products through industrial upgrading. Policy recommendations emphasize strengthening technological innovation, enhancing education and government support, leveraging regional strengths, and achieving a balance between internal innovation capabilities and market openness. The findings suggest these strategies are crucial for enhancing export performance in the global market for high-tech products.
Semi-Proximal ADMM for Primal and Dual Robust Low-Rank Matrix Restoration from Corrupted Observations
Authors: Ding Weiwei , Shang Youlin , Jin Zhengfen , Fan Yibao
Published: March 2024

The matrix nuclear norm minimization problem has been extensively researched in recent years due to its widespread applications in control design, signal and image restoration, machine learning, big data problems, and more. One popular model is nuclear norm minimization with the l2-norm fidelity term, but it is only effective for those problems with Gaussian noise. A nuclear norm minimization problem with the l1-norm fidelity term has been studied in this paper, which can deal with the problems with not only non-Gaussian noise but also Gaussian noise or their mixture. Moreover, it also keeps the efficiency for the noiseless case. Given the nonsmooth proposed model, we transform it into a separated form by introducing an auxiliary variable and solve it by the semi-proximal alternating direction method of multipliers (sPADMM). Furthermore, we first attempt to solve its dual problem by sPADMM. Then, the convergence guarantees for the aforementioned algorithms are given. Finally, some numerical studies are dedicated to show the robustness of the proposed model and the effectiveness of the presented algorithms.
Bayesian Inference for Inverse Power Exponentiated Pareto Distribution Using Progressive Type-II Censoring with Application to Flood-Level Data Analysis
Authors: Khalifa Eman H. , Ramadan Dina A. , Alqifari Hana N. , El-Desouky Beih S.
Published: March 2024

Progressive type-II (Prog-II) censoring schemes are gaining traction in estimating the parameters, and reliability characteristics of lifetime distributions. The focus of this paper is to enhance the accuracy and reliability of such estimations for the inverse power exponentiated Pareto (IPEP) distribution, a flexible extension of the exponentiated Pareto distribution suitable for modeling engineering and medical data. We aim to develop novel statistical inference methods applicable under Prog-II censoring, leading to a deeper understanding of failure time behavior, improved decision-making, and enhanced overall model reliability. Our investigation employs both classical and Bayesian approaches. The classical technique involves constructing maximum likelihood estimators of the model parameters and their bootstrap covariance intervals. Using the Gibbs process constructed by the Metropolis–Hasting sampler technique, the Markov chain Monte Carlo method provides Bayesian estimates of the unknown parameters. In addition, an actual data analysis is carried out to examine the estimation process’s performance under this ideal scheme.
Survival and Development Strategies of Cyanobacteria through Akinete Formation and Germination in the Life Cycle
Authors: Ho Hye-In , Park Chae-Hong , Yoo Kyeong-Eun , Kim Nan-Young , Hwang Soon-Jin
Published: March 2024

Eutrophic freshwater ecosystems are vulnerable to toxin-producing cyanobacteria growth or harmful algal blooms. Cyanobacteria belonging to the Nostocales order form akinetes that are similar to the seeds of vascular plants, which are resting cells surrounded by a thick membrane. They overwinter in sediment and germinate when conditions become favorable, eventually developing into vegetative cells and causing blooms. This review covers the cyanobacterial akinete of the Nostocales order and summarizes the environmental triggers and cellular responses involved in akinete germination and formation based on data from the literature. It also emphasizes the intimate and dynamic relationship that exists between the germination and formation of akinete in the annual life cycle of cyanobacteria. After comparing many published data, it is found that the tolerance ranges for factors affecting both akinete germination and formation do not differ significantly and are broadly consistent with the tolerance ranges for vegetative cell growth. However, the optimal range varies with different species and strains of cyanobacteria. The life cycle of cyanobacteria, as a result of akinete germination and formation, has a seasonal periodicity and spatial connectivity between the water column and the sediment. However, during the summer growing season, intimate coupling between akinete formation and germination can occur in the water column, and this can contribute to high population densities being maintained in the water column. During this time, shallow sediment could also provide suitable conditions for akinete germination, thereby contributing to the establishment of water column populations. The information summarized in this review is expected to help improve our shared understanding of the life cycle of the Nostocales cyanobacteria while also providing insights into the monitoring and management of harmful algal blooms.
O desenvolvimento regional como eixo estruturante dos institutos federais de educação, ciência e tecnologia
Authors: Olivato Pozzer Marcio Rogerio , Dos Reis Neuhold Roberta
Published: March 2024

Este artigo discute o projeto de desenvolvimento presente na constituição da política federalde educação profissional e tecnológica Brasileira inscrita na lei de criação dos InstitutosFederais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia. A hipótese central era a de que odesenvolvimento regional se tornou a coluna vertebral daquela política pública, que destacoua importância dos arranjos produtivos, sociais e culturais locais no processo de expansão einteriorização da educação profissional. A partir de pesquisa documental sobre os processoslegislativos, o estudo mapeou a construção do projeto de desenvolvimento durante o processode formulação, de tomada de decisão e de implementação da política pública. Com o uso detécnicas associadas à análise de conteúdo e o cruzamento de dados referentes à população dosmunicípios sede dos novos campi, confirmou a hipótese inicial ao reunir evidências sobre oenfoque comunitário e sustentável alinhado ao desenvolvimento regional endógeno inerenteao projeto que deu origem aos Institutos Federais. Concluiu que, por um lado, aintersetorialidade da política driblou a cultura bacharelesca e o desprestígio que a educaçãoprofissional ocupa no país. Também ampliou a capilaridade para os pequenos municípios,sendo que 58,8% dos 483 novos campi foram instalados em localidades com menos de 100mil habitantes. Por outro lado, a cultura organizacional pré-existente e a carência de espaçosinstitucionais de governança resultaram em baixa interação dos campi com o território,estabelecendo um frágil e descontínuo elo com o desenvolvimento regional.
Horizontes fragmentados
Authors: Alarcón Medina Rafael , Rivas Valenzuela Jaime Adrian
Published: March 2024

El presente trabajo aborda la experiencia cotidiana de la violencia criminal entre estudiantes de preparatoria en la ciudad de Acapulco de Juárez en el Estado de Guerrero, en el sur de México. De forma particular, la investigación analiza el rol de la violencia en la conformación de campos de experiencia y horizontes de expectativas precarios entre esta población, mostrando cómo a través de dicho proceso se conforman lo que llamamos horizontes fragmentados, al interior de los cuales la producción de sentidos contradictorios en torno a la experiencia de la inseguridad contribuye a los procesos de neoproletarización en el capitalismo contemporáneo.
Libertad material republicana y libertad liberal.
Authors: Baez Urbina Francisco
Published: March 2024

El presente documento se estructura a partir de dos ideas fuerza y una propuesta. Por un lado, que el modelo chileno se conforma a partir de una versión específica del concepto de libertad, esto es, de una versión específicamente liberal y conservadora de este; y por otro, que en la teoría política podemos encontrar una amplia gama de acepciones distintas sobre el concepto de libertad, lo que dice relación con el pluralismo conceptual, semántico y doctrinario propio de la filosofía política moderna. Seguidamente, hace una revisión panorámica tanto de la libertad liberal y sus derivados, como de la comunitarista y la republicana estándar, centrándose en la idea republicana democrática de libertad material que propone Antoni Domènech, que es la perspectiva de diseño institucional que el autor del texto suscribe.
Presentación del mundo del trabajo a estudiantes del programa “Preparación para el Mundo del Trabajo - Senac”
Authors: Teodoro Garcia Ricardo Felipe , Geraldo Benzoni Selma Aparecida
Published: March 2024

El Institución Nacional de Servicio de Aprendizaje Comercial ofrece el programa “Preparación para el mundo del trabajo”, con el objetivo de formar profesionales competentes para desempeñarse en el entorno profesional. Este informe tuvo como objetivo reflejar la propuesta de la unidad curricular 1 del programa, que abordó la historia del mundo del trabajo, las relaciones laborales, el empleo y la profesión y busca provocar reflexiones que permeen el cotidiano del adolescente. Para ello se utilizó el material puesto a disposición por la Institución al facilitador y la experiencia vivida por el autor al impartir el contenido propuesto. Esta unidad curricular discutió: 1) el trabajo formal y su relación o no con la vida cotidiana de los adolescentes; 2) las dificultades que enfrentan las instituciones para contratar jóvenes aprendices, especialmente aquellos con vulnerabilidad social. La clase se dividió en cuatro momentos: presentación dialogada del tema, presentación de conceptos a través de diapositivas por parte del facilitador, presentación de un video de “Charlie Chaplin: tiempos modernos” y discusión final combinando todas las etapas anteriores. La docente pudo observar que los adolescentes ampliaron su comprensión del mundo del trabajo, posicionándose como ciudadanos con derechos y deberes, percibiéndose como parte de un proceso de construcción del mundo. Se observó mayor autonomía y espacios para intercambios saludables entre pares, adolescentes y su facilitador, así como con sus familias, relatadas por ellos en ocasiones posteriores. Por lo tanto, la gestión del aula posibilitó nuevas experiencias, ocupando otros espacios sociales, ampliando las oportunidades y posibilidades del adolescente en el mundo, promoviendo la salud mental.
A percepção das mulheres sobre a maternidade na contemporaneidade
Authors: Geraldo Benzoni Selma Aparecida , Garcia Baptista Noemi , Tomaz Musacci Rafael Tadeu , Pereira da Silva Jenifer Mayne
Published: March 2024

Este artigo teve por objetivo identificar e compreender como as mulheres representam a maternidade. Para isso, foram realizadas, através de ligação telefônica, 15 entrevistas com mulheres entre 31 e 40 anos, que têm pelo menos um filho e inseridas no mercado de trabalho, utilizando para isto, um roteiro semiestruturado criado pelos pesquisadores. Através dos dados coletados, foi realizada uma análise qualitativa estruturada em duas categorias, a saber: o sentimento das participantes em relação à maternidade e a percepção da maternidade em meio à outras funções, como esposa e profissional. A partir da articulação entre os relatos das entrevistas com a literatura científica utilizada, foi possível verificar que as mulheres identificam a maternidade como uma grande responsabilidade, que muitas vezes, as fazem abdicar de outras funções também importantes como esposa, profissional, ou a si mesmas enquanto pessoa. Por outro lado, também foi possível averiguar que algumas mulheres, além de representarem a maternidade como uma responsabilidade, também a entronizam como realização, expressando um sentimento de mudanças positivas em suas vidas. A partir do estudo foi possível ratificar o quanto a maternidade é valorizada pelas mulheres com filho, sendo necessário realizar mais estudos que relacionem a saúde mental de mães, com a sobrecarga e o sentimento de culpa citado por elas.
Modern methods of teaching foreign languages
Authors: Digtyar Olesya Yurievna , Kuvshinova Ekaterina Evgenievna , Shirokikh Anna Yurievna , Kameneva Natalia Aleksandrovna
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the study is to assess the possibility of developing and further using in practice a comprehensive concept of teaching foreign languages based on traditional and modern pedagogical methods and characterized by the greatest effectiveness in terms of adaptation to the requirements of the external environment.
The subject of the study is the problem of finding new methods of teaching languages that could fully correspond to the dynamic structure of the modern educational concept. Special attention is paid to the methods of motivating the process of learning the language system. New pedagogical technologies have been selected as progressive forms of teaching, the essence of the implementation of which is given in the study. The concept of the term "Smart education" is disclosed, since its introduction and widespread use contributes to improving the effectiveness and accessibility of educational programs for a large number of users. As an evidence-based advantage, this study accepts the idea of universal digitalization of linguistic knowledge, the ubiquity of mobile technologies, which inevitably creates stable prerequisites for the transition from book sources of information to the active development of digital capabilities of the external language environment. In this regard, the objective expediency of using new educational methods, in particular, related to the process of digitalization and universal accessibility of mobile phones, as well as the possibilities of the Internet, attracts the close attention of the modern educational community.
Peculiarities of decision-making by persons with high and low levels of tolerance
Authors: Babchuk Mykyta , Babchuk Olena , Pospelova Iryna , Voznyi Denis , Ivanova Olena
Published: March 2024

Abstract: the article examines the peculiarities of decision-making by people with different levels of tolerance. Tolerance is unity in diversity, it is a quality that is a humanistic component of an individual and is determined by his valuable attitude towards others. It represents an attitude towards a highly moral type of relationship, which is manifested in a person's actions. The purpose of this work was a theoretical-empirical study of the psychological features of decision-making by individuals with different levels of tolerance. Diagnostics of decision-making indicators and tolerance indicators was carried out with the help of: "Melbourne Decision-Making Questionnaire", "Personal Decision-Making Factors", "Decision-Making Questionnaire", "Qualitative Tolerance Indicators Test-Questionnaire". Correlation analysis made it possible to establish the nature of interdependence between the studied indicators - tolerance and decision-making. The use of qualitative data analysis made it possible to identify groups of people with a high and low level of tolerance using the "aces" method and to draw up their characteristics. Individuals with a high level of tolerance demonstrate a high level of attitude to complex tasks and novelty, have a high readiness to adapt to an uncertain situation, are able to change their plans in new conditions. People with a low level of tolerance have a tendency to spontaneity, impulsiveness when making a decision.
A New Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Carvedilol from Tablet
Authors: EREK Figen , AYDIN Işıl
Published: March 2024

In this study, a new spectrophotometric method was developed for the quantitative analysis of Carvedilol and the method was validated. The method depends on the reaction between the carvedilol and 1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxyanthraquinone in methanol to yield colored charge transfer complex giving maximum absorbance at 560 nm. For optimization of the proposed method, several parameters were investigated such as solvent type, reaction time, and quinalizarin concentration. The stoichiometry of colored charge transfer complex was found to be 2:1(reagent: drug) by Job’s method. Beer’s Law is obeyed in the concentration range of 0.5-60 µg/mL with 0.9986 correlation efficient. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantifiqation (LOQ) were found 0.147 µg/mL, 0.491 µg/mL, respectively. The proposed method can be successfully applied pharmaceutical formulation.
Nurturing Growth: Exploring Factors Influencing Female Youth Entrepreneurs in Lusaka's Central Business District
Authors: Bhamjee Angel , Chishimba Hanson
Published: March 2024

Female youth entrepreneurship is increasingly acknowledged as a catalyst for economic growth, productivity, innovation, and job creation. It plays a pivotal role in sustaining economic dynamism and competitiveness on the global stage. In contributing to the corpus of literature on female entrepreneurship, this study analyzed factors influencing the performance of female youth entrepreneurs in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Lusaka, Zambia. The research employed an explanatory mixed methods design and used structured interviews and purposive sampling to collect data. The research findings indicate a commendable pattern of adherence to local authority requirements with 72% majority of female entrepreneurs having consistently fulfilled their tax and levy obligations to the local authority. On marketing strategy, the study has shown that most female entrepreneurs use social media platforms such Facebook as their core marketing channel. The study revealed the intricate challenges that female youth entrepreneurs face when striving to balance the demands of their businesses with family and personal responsibilities.
Self-Reported Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Medical Students
Authors: Chalup Junqueira Jéssica de Paula , Rodrigues Lais de Souza , Almeida Souza Rodrigues Maria Aparecida de , de Aragão Ivana Picone Borges
Published: March 2024

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world, with smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia and a sedentary lifestyle being among the main risk factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the self knowledge about cardiovascular risk factors among medical students.
Methodology: Observational and cross-sectional study on students from the first to the eighth semester of medicine using anonymous questionnaires containing questions about cardiovascular risk factors.
Results: A total of 288 students paticipeted. There was a higher percentage of self-declared emotional stress (p<0.001), and high blood pressure (p=0.007), family history of coronary heart disease (CAD) or stroke (0.049) in the female group; The group under 20 years old practiced more physical activity (p=0.023) and reported a balanced diet (p=0.047), the age group between 20 and 29 years old reported a higher percentage of smoking (p=0.001) and alcohol consumption (p=0.048), those older than 30 years old reported a higher knowledge about family history of CAD or stroke.
COHORT APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF ELDERLY MORTALITY IN MODERN RUSSIA
Authors: Шамсутдинов Б.А.
Published: March 2024

Последние десятилетия в России наблюдают увеличение численности пожилого населения, и важность получения правильной оценки количества пожилых как никогда актуальна. Ранее было показано, что ежегодные официальные оценки населения старшего возраста в России завышены. Мы рассмотрели эту проблему в когортном разрезе, сравнив показатели смертности когорт 1900–1920 гг. рождения в возрасте старше 80 лет, рассчитанные двумя методами, и сделали сравнение со странами с надежной статистикой населения. Для корректировки показателей смертности, численность населения в старшем возрасте была получена с помощью метода исчерпанных когорт. Было выявлено, что оценка показателей смертности пожилого населения на основе метода исчерпанных когорт лучше подходит для населения России старше 80 лет, чем на основе текущей оценки численности населения. В результате анализа данных выяснилось, что степень занижения показателей смертности пожилых увеличивается с возрастом, особенно у мужчин.

In recent decades, there has been an increase in the number of elderly people in Russia, and the importance of getting a correct estimate of the number of elderly is more relevant than ever. Earlier, it was shown that the annual official estimates of the population in older ages in Russia are overstated. We examined this problem in a cohort context, comparing the mortality rates of cohorts born in 1900–1920 at the age of over 80, calculated by two methods, and made a comparison with countries with reliable population statistics. To adjust mortality rates, the population estimates in older ages were obtained using the method of extinct cohorts. We have shown why the calculation of mortality rates of the elderly population based on the method of extinct cohorts is better suited for the population of Russia over 80 years old than based on the official population estimates. As a result, it turned out that the underestimation of mortality rates of the elderly increases with age, especially in men.
POSSIBILITIES OF ESTIMATION POSTURAL FUNCTION IN NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS: FOCUS ON AGE-RELATED ASPECTS
Authors: Мальцев С.Б. , Медведев Д.С. , Полякова В.О. , Шумко В.В. , Горелова А.А. , Мушкин М.А.
Published: March 2024

Возраст-ассоциированные нарушения функции поддержания равновесия приводят к увеличению частоты падения и связанных с ним осложнений (травмы, ограничение подвижности, снижение независимости и автономности и др.). Кроме этого, двигательные нарушения различного генеза в большинстве случаев сопровождаются изменениями постуральной функции. Проведен аналитический обзор литературы за последнее десятилетие, посвящённой методам оценки постурального баланса у лиц старших возрастных групп. Компьютерная стабилометрия признана наилучшим методом для объективной оценки постуральной функции и контроля в динамике за эффективностью проводимой терапии. При этом стабилометрические характеристики постуральных нарушений у лиц старших возрастных групп и взаимосвязь показателей стабилографии и возраста остаются недостаточно изученными.

Age-associated disorders of the function of maintaining balance lead to an increase in the frequency of falls and related complications (injuries, limited mobility, decreased independence and autonomy, etc.). In addition, motor disorders of various genesis in most cases are accompanied by changes in postural function. An analytical review of the literature over the last decade devoted to methods of assessing postural balance in older age groups has been conducted. Computer stabilometry is recognized as the best method for an objective assessment of postural function and dynamic monitoring of the effectiveness of therapy. At the same time, the stabilometric characteristics of postural disorders in older age groups and the relationship between the indicators of stabilography and age remain insufficiently studied.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE LINEAR DIMENSIONS OF THE PUBIC SYMPHYSIS IN WOMEN IN THE FIRST PERIOD OF ADULTHOOD, ELDERLY AGE AND OLD AGE ACCORDING TO COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY DATA
Authors: Баландина И.А. , Климец А.В. , Баландин А.А. , Терехин А.С. , Жигулев А.Н.
Published: March 2024

В основу работы положены результаты КТ-исследования 71 женщины с нормальными размерами таза без патологии его костей и органов малого таза, проходивших обследование в 2022–2023 гг. Все женщины дали согласие на участие в исследовании, которое проводили по показаниям. КТ-исследование заключалось в определении ширины, высоты и толщины лобкового симфиза в режиме 3D-реконструкции. Обследуемых разделили на три группы согласно анатомической классификации возраста: 1-я — 23 человека первого периода зрелого возраста (21–35 лет); 2-я — 25 человек пожилого возраста (56–74 года); 3-я — 23 человека старческого возраста (75–88 лет). Полученные результаты являются фундаментом для дальнейших исследований и могут быть использованы врачами таких клинических специальностей, как спортивная медицина, травматология, криминалистика, судебная медицина, акушерство и др.

The paper is based on the results of a CT study of 71 women with normal pelvic dimensions without pelvic bone or pelvic organ pathology who underwent the study in 2022–2023. All subjects consented to the study, which was performed according to the indications. The CT study consisted of determining the width, height, and thickness of the pubic symphysis in 3D reconstruction mode. The subjects were divided into three groups according to the anatomical age classification. The first group consisted of 23 first-age adults (21–35 years old); the second group included 25 elderly people (56–74 years old); the third group consisted of 23 elderly people (75–88 years old). The results obtained are the basis for further research and can be used by doctors of such clinical specialties as sports medicine, traumatology, forensics, forensic medicine, obstetrics and many others.