bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Inventory Routing Problem using Hybrid Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Ab Halim Huda Zuhrah , Mohd Azliana Nureffa Natasha , Baharom Nuridawati , Fauzi Nur Fatihah , Ahmad Bakhtiar Nurizatul Syarfinas , Khairudin Nur Izzati
Published: September 2021

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is known as one of the largest sources of global warming. One of the ways to curb CO2 emissions is by considering the environmental aspect in the supply chain management. This paper analyses the influence of carbon emissions on the Inventory Routing Problem (IRP). The IRP network consists of a depot, an assembly plant and multiple suppliers. The deterministic demands vary and are determined by the assembly plant. Fixed transportation cost, fuel consumption cost and inventory holding cost are used to evaluate the system’s total cost in which fuel consumption cost is determined by fuel consumption rate, distance, and fuel price. Backordering and split pick-up are not allowed. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution network especially the overall costs of the supply chain by considering the CO2 emissions as well. The problem is known as Green Inventory Routing Problem (GIRP). The mixed-integer linear programming of this problem is adopted from Cheng et al. wherein this study a different Hybrid Genetic Algorithm is proposed at mutation operator. As predicted, GIRP has a higher total cost as it considered fuel consumption cost together with the transportation and inventory costs. The results showed the algorithm led to different sequences of routings considering the carbon dioxide emission in the objective function.
DAS MOTIV DER GRENZÜBERSCHREITUNG IN KARPATENDEUTSCHEN AUTOBIOGRAFIEN
Authors: BALOGÁČOVÁ Diana
Published: September 2021

The Motif of Crossing Borders in Carpathian German Autobiographies. Josef Derx's Memories is the autobiography of a Wehrmacht soldier who becomes a banker after the war. Free of mythology and biblical references, but often with humorous-parodic undertones, the narrative focuses on spatial and temporal details of Derx's life story. In the description of everyday life in a prison camp and the escape from it, the transformation of the remembered self into a remembering self can be observed textually and stylistically by means of changes in tempo and rhetorical figures. Elisabeth Metzl's Ein Paradies verloren aber wir leben (A Lost Paradise but We Live) tells the story of a young woman who has to flee from Bratislava to Austria in her “travelling prison” before the war, without knowing that she will leave her homeland behind forever. The search for her lost sons becomes a personal odyssey.
REZUMAT. Motivul trecerii frontierelor în autobiografiile germane din Carpați. Memoriile lui Josef Derx sunt de fapt o autobiografie a unui soldat din Wehrmacht care devine bancher după război. Fără mitologie și referințe biblice, dar adesea cu o nuanță umoristico-parodistică, narațiunea se concentrează pe detaliile spațiale și temporale ale poveștii de viață a lui Derx. În descrierea vieții de zi cu zi într-un lagăr de prizonieri și a evadării din el, transformarea eului amintit în eul rememorator poate fi observată textual și stilistic prin intermediul schimbărilor de tempo și al figurilor retorice. Ein Paradies verloren aber wir leben (Un paradis pierdut, dar trăim), de Elisabeth Metzl, spune povestea unei tinere care trebuie să fugă din Bratislava în Austria în „închisoarea ei ambulantă” înainte de război, fără să știe că își va părăsi patria pentru totdeauna. Căutarea fiilor ei pierduți devine o odisee personală.
Cuvinte-cheie: autobiografie, eul amintit, eul rememorator, odisee personală
VISTA CONOSCENZA, PAROLA: LO “SCHEMA DEL CONTENITORE” APPLICATO A UN CASO DI POLISEMIA INDOEUROPEA
Authors: POZZA Marianna
Published: September 2021

View, Knowledge, Word: The Container Image-Schema Applied to a Case of Proto-Indo-European Polysemy. The present discussion aims at reconsidering the theoretical process of knowledge in some ancient Indo-European languages in the light of the prerequisites offered by cognitive linguistics and prototype theory. Thanks to the dynamic pattern of the Container Image-Schema – which is a primitive mental structure – some historical outcomes of a polysemic Indo-European root will be discussed in order to place them within the continuum of the semantic space in which the container is located.
REZUMAT. Vedere, cunoaștere, comunicare: Schema figurativă container aplicată unui caz de polisemie indo-europeană. Această discuție își propune să reconsidere procesul teoretic al cunoașterii în unele limbi străine indo-europene, având în vedere condițiile preliminare oferite de lingvistica cognitivă și teoria prototipurilor. Datorită modelului dinamic al schemei figurative container – care este o structură mentală primitivă – se vor discuta unele rezultate istorice ale unei rădăcini polisemice indo-europene pentru a le plasa în continuul spațiului semantic în care este amplasat recipientul.
Cuvinte cheie: metaforă conceptuală; polisemia; schemă figurativă; indo-european; semantică.
NARRATIVE LANGUAGE AND POSSIBLE WORLDS IN POSTMODERN FICTION. A BORDERLINE STUDY OF IAN McEWAN’S “THE CHILD IN TIME”
Authors: URIAN Adriana Diana
Published: September 2021

Narrative Language and Possible Worlds in Postmodern Fiction. A Borderline Study of Ian McEwan’s The Child in Time. The present paper is a study of more traditional hermeneutics combined with a tinge of possible world modality, with the purpose of creating a thorough picture of narrative worlds and balancing it against the possible world system, with practical applications onto postmodern fiction, in Ian McEwan’s novel The Child in Time. The article focuses on exposing narrative language, worlds and characters, viewing them through Seymour Chatman’s perspective and slightly counterbalancing this approach with the possible world semantics system (as envisioned by Kripke, Lewis, Nolan, Putnam) for a diverse understanding of the inner structure and functioning of narrative text and fictional worlds.
REZUMAT. Limbajul narativ și lumile posibile în ficțiunea postmodernă. Un studiu hibrid al romanului Copilul furat, de Ian McEwan. Prezenta lucrare este un studiu hibrid al hermeneuticii tradiționale îmbinat cu trimiteri către semantica modală a sistemului lumilor posibile, al cărui scop este acela de a se concretiza într-un studiu aprofundat al lumilor narative, prin intermediul semanticii modale a lumilor posibile, oferind aplicații practice asupra ficțiunii postmoderne, în romanul Copilul furat de Ian McEwan. Articolul se concentrează pe expunerea particularităților limbajului narativ, precum și a lumilor și personajelor ficționale, mai întâi din perspectiva lui Seymour Chatman și apoi printr-o ușoară contrabalansare a acestei abordări cu sistemul lumilor posibile (propus de Kripke, Lewis, Nolan, Putnam), oferind o imagine diversificată a structurii interne a textului narativ, a funcționalității acestuia, dar și a lumilor ficționale.
Cuvinte-cheie: lumi posibile, semantica lumilor posibile, lumi narative, lumi ficționale, limbaj narativ, ficțiune, ficțiune postmodernă, personaje ficționale.
De profecía a leyenda: invención y reinvenciones de la princesa Papantzin, 1558-1921
Authors: Carbajal López David
Published: September 2021

El artículo analiza la trayectoria de la leyenda de la princesa Papantzin, desde su proceso de elaboración por los cronistas coloniales, su cuestionamiento por los historiadores liberales decimonónicos, y el intento de integrarla como leyenda a la cultura nacional. El objetivo es identificar las transformaciones del estatus del relato, así como los cambios en las representaciones de la mujer y de los pueblos prehispánicos. El relato es testimonio, finalmente, del proceso de secularización, en la medida en que su construcción tuvo lugar desde la religión y fue recuperado por los campos de la historia y la cultura nacionales, hasta ser desechado tras la Revolución.
Mayores y Pensiones: una tensión no resuelta para el futuro de nuestro Estado del Bienestar
Authors: Vila Tierno Francisco
Published: September 2021

Es sobradamente reiterada la afirmación –que responde a una realidad incuestionable–, que estamos en una sociedad en continuo proceso de envejecimiento. Y ello, que se ha ofrecido y presentado como un problema, no es más que la consecuencia de la mejora de nuestra calidad de vida. Es cierto que coincide con una simultánea caída del índice de natalidad, pero no es menos cierto que estamos en un mundo sobresaturado.  Al margen de lo anterior, la evolución social, laboral, económica y tecnológica, nos trae nuevas formas de prestación laboral, carreras de cotización devaluadas y necesidades cambiantes a las que tiene que responder un Sistema diseñado, esencialmente, bajo otros parámetros completamente diferentes.
MATEMATİK DESTEKLİ YOĞUNLUK KONUSU ÖĞRETİMİNİN ÖĞRENCİLERİN BAŞARILARI VE FEN VE MATEMATİK TUTUMLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: DOĞAN AKDENİZ Emine , KARTAL Büşra , AYDIN Abdullah
Published: September 2021

Fen ve matematik entegrasyonu öğrencileri motive etmekte, tutumlarını geliştirme ve başarıları ile kavramsal anlamalarını arttırmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı matematik destekli yoğunluk konusu öğretiminin altıncı sınıf öğrencilerinin matematik ve fen tutumları ile yoğunluk konusuna ilişkin başarı ve muhakeme seviyeleri üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Çalışma kontrol gruplu öntest-sontest deneysel desen kullanılarak tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmaya 2018-2019 öğretim yılında Ankara’da bir devlet okulunun altıncı sınıfında öğrenim görmekte olan ve rastgele örnekleme ile biri deney (n=35) biri kontrol (n=37) grubu olarak atanmış iki sınıf katılmıştır. Bulgular deney grubundaki öğrencilerin kontrol grubundakilere nazaran yoğunluk konusunda daha başarılı olduklarını ve matematiğe yönelik daha olumlu tutumlara sahip olduklarını göstermektedir. Hem deney hem de kontrol grubunda öğrencilerin fene yönelik tutumları anlamlı bir biçimde artmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra deney grubu öğrencilerinin yoğunluk ile ilgili açık uçlu sorulara cevap verirken doğru cevap ve bu doğru cevaplar için bilimsel düşünceye uygun tam açıklamalarda bulunma oranının kontrol grubu öğrencilerinden daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür. Matematik destekli yoğunluk konusu öğretiminin öğrencilerin yoğunluk konusuna ilişkin akademik başarı ve kavramsal anlamaları ile matematik tutumlarını olumlu yönde etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Fen bilimleri konuları içerisinde matematiksel içerik açısından zengin pek çok konu bulunduğu göz önüne alınarak fen ve matematik öğretmenlerinin işbirliği ile teknoloji destekli fen ve matematik entegrasyonu için çalışmaları önerilmiştir.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT MULTIPLE IMPTUTATION TECHNIQUES ON THE MODEL FIT OF CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS
Authors: AVCU Akif
Published: September 2021

So far, many researches have been conducted to investigate the impact of missing data on statistical analysis and various methods have been developed to deal with the problem. The methods based on removing observations with missing values from the dataset cause the sample size to drop dramatically and the statistical power of the analyzes to be decreased. Therefore, as an alternative solution, the estimation of missing values seized intensive attention of researchers. Among these methods, multiple imputation techniques are relatively more recent and provide better estimations. Considering the superiority of multiple imputation techniques, the aim of the current study is to investigate the effects of different multiple imptutation techniques on the model fit of confirmatory factor analysis. For this aim, datasets with the unidimensional structure were simulated to manipulate sample size, missing data mechanism, percentage of missing data, number of items and missing data imputation technique. The effect of multiple imputation techniqes was evaluated based on the difference of 𝜒² model fit statistics for complete datasets and imputed datasets. The results showed that, multiple impuation techniques provided better results than conventional regression based imputation. Those finding were discussed later and some recommendations were given for better testing applications.
AKADEMİSYENLERİN BİLGİ VE İLETİŞİM TEKNOLOJİLERİNE ERİŞİMİ ÖLÇEĞİNİN TÜRKÇE’YE UYARLANMASI: GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: BATTAL Ali , KAYADUMAN Halil
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı “Faculties’ Information and Communication Technology Access (FICTA)” isimli ölçeğin Türkçe ’ye uyarlanması ile birlikte geçerlik ve güvenirlik sonuçlarının sunulmasıdır. Orijinal formu İngilizce olan, 7 faktör ve 44 maddeden oluşan ölçeğin bazı boyutları bu uyarlama çalışması kapsamına alınmıştır. Öncelikle ölçeğin maddeleri uzmanlar tarafından titizlikle hedef dile çevrilmiş ve geri çeviri yöntemi ile kontrol edilmiştir. Dilsel geçerliliği tespit etmek için özgün ve uyarlanan formları belli aralıklarla hedef kitleye uygulanmıştır. Pozitif korelasyon ile dilsel geçerliliği sağlanan ölçeğin, faktör yapısını ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla 265 gönüllü akademisyenden toplanan veriler üzerinde açımlayıcı faktör analizi uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonucunda orijinalden farklı olarak Stratejik ve Bilgisel Beceri olarak ayrışan iki boyutu tek faktör altında birleşmiş ve Beceri olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Beceri, öğretimsel kullanım, dışsal motivasyon ve içsel motivasyon olarak isimlendirilen yapılardan birer madde çeşitli nedenler ile çıkartılmış ve sonuçta toplam 25 maddeden oluşan 4 faktörlü bir yapı elde edilmiştir. Faktör yükü dağılımlarının .87 ile .44 arasında değiştiği, açıklanan toplam varyansın % 66.03 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca farklı bir çalışma grubundan oluşan 251 akademisyene uygulanan doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda kabul edilebilir düzeyde uyum değerlerine ulaşılmıştır. Ölçeği oluşturan yapıların güvenirlik analizi sonuçlarının ise .95 ile .75 arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. Akademisyenlerin bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerine erişimini ölçmek için kullanılacak bu ölçeğin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu tespit edilmiştir
OKUL ÖNCESİ DÖNEMDE FEN EĞİTİMİNE YÖNELİK EBEVEYN GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: KARAKUŞ Hilal
Published: September 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, okul öncesi dönemdeki çocukların ebeveynlerinin fen eğitimine yönelik görüşlerini belirlemektir. Bu araştırma tarama modelinde yapılmış betimsel bir çalışmadır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu okul öncesi dönemde çocuğu olan 100 ebeveyn oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma grubu amaçlı örnekleme yönteminden kartopu (zincirleme) örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Okul Öncesi Dönemdeki Çocukların Ebeveynlerinin Fen Eğitimine Yönelik Görüşlerini Belirleme Anketi” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde çoktan seçmeli anket soruları frekans ve yüzde olarak; açık uçlu kısa yanıtlı sorular ise betimsel analiz ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda; ebeveynler bilimi genel olarak araştırma, yenilik, bilgi, deney ve gerçeklik olarak tanımlamışlardır. Ebeveynlerin neredeyse tamamı okul öncesi dönemde fen eğitimini gerekli olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Ebeveynlerin çoğunluğu evde ve okulda yapılan fen etkinliği olarak en fazla deney yaptıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Ebeveynlerin yarısından fazlasının okulda yapılan fen etkinliklerini yeterli buldukları belirlenmiştir. Bazı ebeveynlerin de okulda yapılan fen etkinliklerini çeşitli nedenlerden dolayı yeterli bulmadıkları ortaya konmuştur.
Estimasi Produksi Tandan Kelapa Sawit Berdasarkan Analisis Ketersediaan Air dengan Teknik Oil Palm Dissection
Authors: Sukarman Sukarman , Wirianata Herry , Budiharjo Kadarwati , Primananda Septa , Purwantisari Susiana
Published: September 2021

Jika faktor genetik, tanah dan teknik budidaya bukan merupakan faktor pembatas, maka fluktuasi hasil panen dipengaruhi oleh faktor iklim atau lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketersediaan air (defisit air, curah hujan dan hari hujan) terhadap sex ratio termasuk model hasil panen kelapa sawit. Penelitian telah dilakukan pada bulan November 2016 hingga Oktober 2017 di wilayah Wilmar International Plantation Kalimantan Tengah. Analisis menggunakan regresi berganda dan uji korelasi termasuk uji asumsi klasik (uji normalitas, multikolinieritas dan heteroskedastisitas) untuk analisis statistik dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa curah hujan dan hari hujan berpengaruh nyata terhadap perkembangan sex ratio selama 23 bulan sebelum panen (MBH), saat defisit air berpengaruh nyata terhadap sex ratio pada 24 MBH. Estimasi distribusi produksi bulanan, anggaran produksi dan produksi aktual menunjukkan bahwa tidak signifikan. Estimasi distribusi produksi bulanan, anggaran produksi dan realisasi produksi menunjukkan bahwa tidak signifikan, dapat digunakan keakuratan distribusi produksi bulanan kelapa sawit.

Kata kunci: sex ratio, curah hujan, hari hujan, defisit hujan, bunga betina
The Hubungan Konsumsi Buah dan Sayur, Aktivitas Fisik, Obesitas Serta Riwayat Keluarga Terhadap Kejadian Hipertensi di Kabupaten Kepulauan Seribu Tahun 2019
Authors: Ica Aisaturrido  , Birwin Alib , Darmawansyah Alnur Rony
Published: September 2021

Abstrak

Latar Belakang:

Menurut Riskesdas, prevalensi hipertensi berdasarkan pengukuran tekanan darah pada penduduk usia ≥18 tahun menunjukkan peningkatan dari tahun 2013 sebesar 25,8% menjadi 34,1% pada tahun 2018. Berdasarkan data Seksi Penyakit Tidak Menular Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi DKI Jakarta tahun 2019 Kabupaten Kepulauan Seribu memiliki capaian Posbindu PTM tertinggi untuk hipertensi yaitu 50.61%.

Tujuan :

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk hubungan konsumsi buah dan sayur, aktivitas fisik, obesitas serta riwayat keluarga terhadap kejadian hipertensi di Kabupaten Kepulauan Seribu tahun 2019.

Metode Penelitian:

Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi DKI Jakarta berupa data skrining hipertensi di Kabupaten Kepulauan Seribu tahun 2019. Desain studi pada penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif cross sectional, Jumlah sampel sebanyak 943 yang diambil dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Analisis data meliputi analisis univariat dan bivariat yang menggunakan uji chi square (CI=95%; α=0,05).

Hasil :

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara usia, jenis kelamin, kurang aktivitas fisik, obesitas serta riwayat keluarga dengan kejadian hipertensi dengan p value 0.000 dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara kurang konsumsi buah dan sayur dengan kejadian hipertensi dengan p value 0.190.

 

Kesimpulan:

Terdapat hubungan antara usia, jenis kelamin, kurang aktivitas fisik, obesitas, dan riwayat keluarga dengan kejadian hipertensi di kabupaten kepulauan seribu tahun 2019 dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara kurang konsumsi buah dan sayur dengan kerjadian hipertensi di kabupaten kepulauan seribu tahun 2019.
Cryptographic Puzzles and Complex Systems
Authors:   Rade.Vuckovac@griffithuni.edu.au, Vuckovac Rade
Published: September 2021

A puzzle lies behind password authentication (PA) and blockchain proof of work (PoW). A cryptographic hash function is commonly used to implement them. The potential problem with secure hash functions is their complexity and rigidity. We explore the use of complex systems constructs such as a cellular automaton (CA) to provide puzzle functionality. The analysis shows that computational irreducibility and sensitivity to initial state phenomena are enough to create simple puzzle systems that can be used for PA and PoW. Moreover, we present puzzle schemata using CA and n-body problems.
Synthesis of Scalable Single Length Cycle, Single Attractor Cellular Automata in Linear Time
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, Chakraborty Bidesh , Dalui Mamata ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, Sikdar Biplab K. ,   Department of Computer Science and Technology Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur
Published: September 2021

This paper proposes the synthesis of single length cycle, single attractor cellular automata (SACAs) for arbitrary length. The n-cell single length cycle, single attractor cellular automaton (SACA), synthesized in linear time O(n), generates a pattern and finally settles to a point state called the single length cycle attractor state. An analytical framework is developed around the graph-based tool referred to as the next state transition diagram to explore the properties of SACA rules for three-neighborhood, one-dimensional cellular automata. This enables synthesis of an (n+1)-cell SACA from the available configuration of an n-cell SACA in constant time and an (n+m)-cell SACA from the available configuration of n-cell and m-cell SACAs also in constant time.
Produção e percepção do apagamento variável de /R/ em coda silábica no Português de Porto Alegre (RS)
Authors: Rockenbach Lívia Majolo , Battisti Elisa
Published: September 2021

O artigo examina a produção, percepção e avaliação linguística do apagamento variável de /R/ em coda silábica no português de Porto Alegre (RS) (mulhe[ɾ]~mulhe[Ø], po[r]que ~ po[Ø]que, dirigi[r] ~ dirigi[Ø]) com base na Teoria da Variação (LABOV, 2008) e em teorias de percepção, atitude e avaliação linguística (LAMBERT et al., 1960, GILES; BILLINGS, 2004, PRESTON, 2003, ECKERT, 2004, 2005, 2008). A revisão de estudos anteriores (CALLOU; LEITE; MORAES, 2002, MONARETTO, 2002, OUSHIRO; MENDES, 2015) sugere que o apagamento de /R/ em coda esteja em progresso nas variedades de português brasileiro. Os objetivos do artigo são (1) esclarecer os fatores linguísticos e sociais correlacionados ao apagamento do /R/ em coda silábica no português de Porto Alegre, (2) verificar se o apagamento possui significados sociais. Realizam-se duas análises: quantitativa (TAGLIAMONTE, 2007) com o software R, em dados de fala de 16 entrevistas sociolinguísticas do LínguaPOA (2015-2019); e um teste-piloto de percepção e avaliação linguística com a técnica dos estímulos pareados (LAMBERT et al., 1960). A análise quantitativa revela que o apagamento de /R/ em Porto Alegre é condicionado predominantemente por variáveis linguísticas e parece estar progredindo na comunidade. O teste-piloto indica que o apagamento é percebido e avaliado no contraste com o não apagamento, sugerindo que a variável faça parte de um sistema de significação social. O mapeamento do campo indexical dos significados sociais da variável (ECKERT, 2004, 2008) sugere que o apagamento indexa significados sociais relacionados a personae menos bonitas e menos jovens.
Medical Device-related Pressure Injuries Associated With Electroencephalogram Leads in a Tertiary Care Children’s Hospital: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Schindler Christine , Barrette Rebekah , Sandcock Aaron , Kuhn Evelyn
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Medical device-related pressure injuries (MDRPIs) present a substantial safety risk for children who are hospitalized. PURPOSE: This study aimed to describe patient and clinical characteristics of children who develop MDRPIs related to electroencephalogram (EEG) leads, determine risk factors associated with their development, and determine if there are common risk factors that can lead to actionable strategies to reduce MDRPIs related to EEG leads. METHODS: A retrospective review was completed of the electronic health records of all 3136 children who had EEG lead placements between January 1, 2014, and April 16, 2018, at a large tertiary care children’s hospital. Data abstracted included demographic variables, patient and pressure injury characteristics, as well as length of stay. RESULTS: Twenty-four (24) of the 3136 children (0.8%) developed an MDRPI. Most were stage 2 pressure injuries. Patients who developed a pressure injury were significantly younger than patients who did not (median age, 0.9 and 5.2 years, respectively; P = .005). Fifty percent (50%) of all patients who developed pressure injuries were younger than 1 year of age compared with 27% of patients who did not develop pressure injuries. The median length of stay for patients in whom MDRPI developed was 84.5 days (interquartile range, 45–137) versus 3.0 days (interquartile range, 2–8) for those who did not develop an MDRPI (P < .001). The mortality rate during the hospital stay was 21% (n = 5) for those who developed MDPRIs versus 4% (n = 19) for those who did not (P = .002). All patients received standard preventive strategies. CONCLUSION: The incidence of MDRPIs in this patient population was significantly higher in younger and longer-stay patients, and their mortality rate was significantly higher. This suggests that the patients who developed an MDRPI were more critically ill than those who did not. Vigilant assessment and more research are needed to determine if there are appropriate strategies to reduce MDRPIs related to EEG lead placement.
Enantiomerically Enriched Tetrahydropyridine Allyl Chlorides
Authors: Karabiyikoglu Sedef , Brethomé Alexandre , Palacin Thomas , Paton Robert , Fletcher Stephen P.
Published: September 2021

Enantiomerically enriched allyl halides are rare due to their configurational lability. Here we report stable piperidine-based allyl chloride enantiomers. These allyl chlorides can be produced via resolution, and undergo highly enantiospecific catalyst-free substitution reactions with C, N, O and S-based nucleophiles. Deuterium-labelled chloro-tetrahydropyridine, selectively prepared using the H/D primary kinetic isotope effect, and DFT calculations were used to investigate the mechanisms of the reactions. The allyl chlorides may also serve as valuable mechanistic tools for probing stereoselective reaction pathways.
Immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. Hematological paradox or clinical reality?
Authors:   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Dvoretsky Leonid I.
Published: September 2021

One of the features of primary immune thrombocytopenia is the development of thrombosis in patients, the incidence of which exceeds that in the population. The review provides epidemiological data on thromboembolic events, pathogenetic mechanisms and risk factors for their development, therapeutic tactics in this category of patients. In patients with immune thrombocytopenia, the following factors are important for the development of thromboembolic events: the pathogenetic features of the disease itself (increased functional activity of young platelets, platelet microparticles, antiphospholipid antibodies, activation of complement, an increase in the level of procoagulants, a decrease in the activity of ADAMTS13), the presence of comorbid risk factors for thrombosis, thrombogenic adverse effects of drugs used to treat immune thrombocytopenia. Therapeutic tactics of managing patients with immune thrombocytopenia who develop thromboembolic events consists in correcting the number of platelets (glucocorticoids, intravenous immunoglobulin) and administration of antithrombotic agents, given the clinical situation and the number of platelets.
Modern strategy in the treatment of arterial hypertension: combination therapy and fixed combinations
Authors:   Interregional Public Organization ", Leonova Marina V. ,   Association of Clinical Pharmacologists",   , Russia
Published: September 2021

The introduction of fixed combinations for the treatment of arterial hypertension (AH) is an effective strategy to address the public health burden of cardiovascular disease. This strategy is reflected in modern international guidelines for the treatment of AH and is supported by World Health Organization. The use of fixed combinations allows solving key practical problems to achieve better results and improve the prognosis of AH: ensuring the greatest decrease in blood pressure (BP) and a lower target BP level, shortening the time period for obtaining target BP, increasing adherence to treatment. Fixed combinations include classes of antihypertensive drugs, which, when combined, have an additive or synergistic effect in lowering BP, help to reduce/mitigate side effects, reduce the number of pills and increase patient adherence, solving the problem of polypharmacy. Single dosing per day of fixed combinations is another important benefit, providing adherence, longer duration of action, and reduced diurnal fluctuations in BP. The clinical benefits of fixed combinations have been confirmed in a number of large studies and meta-analyzes. The modern tactics of using fixed combinations provides for their use at different stages/degrees of BP increase. In this regard, fixed combinations with subtherapeutic, therapeutic and maximum therapeutic doses of components have been developed. For the use of fixed combinations as an initial therapy for AH, drugs with subtherapeutic doses of components that are not used in monotherapy are proposed. In such cases, thanks to the complementary selection of combined drugs, it is possible to achieve a more significant and timely BP reduction, with fewer side effects. Modern fixed combinations are based on three main classes of antihypertensive drugs – RAAS blockers (ACE inhibitors and ARBs), calcium antagonists and diuretics. There are 2 principal approaches to combinations: a combination of RAAS blockers with diuretics (diurethic-use) or a combination of RAAS blockers with calcium antagonists (diuretic-free). This preference is due to evidence-based medicine data, including questions of efficacy, tolerability, side effects, and confirmation in clinical trials. In the clinical guidelines for the treatment of hypertension, these combinations are considered preferred (evidence level A). Over time, more and more fixed combinations become generic and reliable generic combination drugs for the treatment of hypertension appear, which reduces the cost factor and makes the therapy economically acceptable.
ASSESSING ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS: HIGH SCHOOL EFL TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS AND PRACTICES
Authors: Duyên Nguyễn Thị Hồng
Published: September 2021

On the implementation level of the National Foreign Language Project for the period 2008 – 2020, now expanded to 2025 in Vietnam, Level 3/6 – VNFR (B1- CEFR) has been set as the learning outcomes for high school learners. Aiming at achieving this goal, EFL teachers’ perceptions and practices of assessing language learners are of great importance. Guiding documents have been launched officially supporting EFL teachers in implementing effective assessment of language learners and achieving the required learning outcomes. This paper reports the findings of high school EFL teachers’ perceptions and practices of assessing language learners in the central city of Vietnam. From the findings, practical suggestions are made with the hope to provide valuable basis for both learning improvement and teaching development.
SỰ CHUYỂN NGHĨA DIỄN ĐẠT MỨC ĐỘ ĐÁNH GIÁ CỰC CẤP HOẠT ĐỘNG CỦA CON NGƯỜI DƯỚI GÓC NHÌN TRI NHẬN
Authors: Hoa Võ Thị Ngọc
Published: September 2021

Các kết cấu mang nghĩa chuyển chỉ mức độ đánh giá cực cấp hoạt động của con người trong tiếng Việt rất phong phú. Nhờ có nhiều phạm trù nguồn tham gia biểu thị mức độ cực cấp hoạt động của con người nên tiếng Việt có khả năng diễn đạt chính xác mức độ cực cấp từng sắc thái nghĩa của cùng một hoạt động. Chính vì vậy, bài viết nghiên cứu nghĩa chuyển chỉ mức độ đánh giá cực cấp hoạt động của con người không chỉ làm rõ khả năng diễn đạt mức độ đánh giá hoạt động của con người của tiếng Việt mà còn làm rõ mối quan hệ giữa con người và ngôn ngữ qua một số đặc điểm tri nhận, đặc điểm văn hóa – xã hội của người Việt.
XÂY DỰNG BỘ TIÊU CHÍ ĐỂ ĐO LƯỜNG KỸ NĂNG ĐÁNH GIÁ QUÁ TRÌNH CHO SINH VIÊN NGÀNH SƯ PHẠM SINH HỌC
Authors: Duy Phan Đức , Yến Nguyễn Thị Hải , Vân Ngô Thị Hoàng
Published: September 2021

Phát triển kĩ năng đánh giá quá trình cho sinh viên sư phạm là cần thiết trong xu hướng đổi mới dạy học theo tiếp cận năng lực hiện nay. Bài báo này trình bày cách thức và kết quả xây dựng bộ tiêu chí nhằm đo lường kĩ năng đánh giá quá trình cho sinh viên ngành sư phạm Sinh học. Bộ tiêu chí được thiết lập dựa trên việc phân tích cấu trúc thành phần của kỹ năng đánh giá quá trình và được mô tả chi tiết về chỉ số hành vi theo 04 mức độ của thang đo: Không biểu hiện, Sơ khởi, Có kỹ năng, Thành thạo. Bộ tiêu chí được xây dựng theo hướng tiếp cận này có thể giúp xác định được vị trí của sinh viên trên đường phát triển, tạo thuận lợi cho sự phát triển kỹ năng đánh giá qúa trình của sinh viên tại các trường sư phạm.
CÁC YẾU TỐ ẢNH HƯỞNG ĐẾN Ý ĐỊNH SỬ DỤNG CÁC CHƯƠNG TRÌNH E-LEARNING CỦA NGƯỜI LAO ĐỘNG DU LỊCH Ở KHU VỰC DUYÊN HẢI MIỀN TRUNG, VIỆT NAM
Authors: Nghĩa Nguyễn Thị Minh , Tuấn Trần Hữu , Phúc Nguyễn Tài
Published: September 2021

Lao động trong lĩnh vực du lịch có cường độ làm việc cao và yêu cầu đào tạo liên tục. Do đó, e-learning cung cấp cho người lao động du lịch cách thức học tập linh hoạt và mỗi người học có thể tự quyết định nhịp độ học tập của mình. Bài báo này nhằm khám phá sự chấp nhận của người lao động trong lĩnh vực du lịch tham gia các chương trình học e-learning. Lý thuyết chấp nhận công nghệ TAM được sử dụng nhằm phát triển khung nghiên cứu đo lường các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến ý định tham gia các chương trình e-learning của người học. Phương pháp định lượng với mô hình cấu trúc PLS-SEM được sử dụng đã xác định các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến ý định sử dụng e-learning của người lao động du lịch bao gồm cảm nhận vui vẻ và thái độ học tập e-learning. Các kết quả nghiên cứu được sử dụng nhằm đề xuất các hàm ý quản lý liên quan đến việc phát triển các chương trình e-learning dành cho đối tượng là người lao động du lịch trong tương lai.
LIÊN KẾT LOGIC NGỮ NGHĨA TRONG VĂN BẢN ĐA PHƯƠNG THỨC: SO SÁNH GIỮA NGƯỜI VIỆT VÀ NGƯỜI MỸ
Authors: Le Thi Thanh Hoa
Published: September 2021

Bài báo này trình bày các kiểu liên kết logic ngữ nghĩa giữa ngôn ngữ-hỉnh ảnh trong dòng trạng thái trên Facebook của hai nhóm đối tượng nghiên cứu Việt và Mỹ. Bên cạnh kiểu liên kết phóng chiếu, các kiểu bành trướng khác nhau đều được tìm thấy trong các dòng trạng thái được nghiên cứu. Tuy nhiên, người Mỹ có xu hướng hay sử dụng liên kết triển khai chi tiết, trong khi người Việt lại thường mở rộng ý tưởng sang một ý liên quan mới bằng nhiều biện pháp phong phú. Sự khác nhau giữa hai nhóm đối tượng nghiên cứu trong liên kết ngữ nghĩa có ý nghĩa thông báo và định hướng cho vấn đề văn bản đa phương thức trong dạy học ngoại ngữ.
QUAN HỆ THƯƠNG MẠI GIỮA ĐÀNG TRONG THỜI CHÚA NGUYỄN VỚI BỒ ĐÀO NHA VÀ HÀ LAN THẾ KỶ XVII – XVIII
Authors: Châu Hồ
Published: September 2021

Thế kỷ XVII – XVIII, Đàng Trong thời chúa Nguyễn có quan hệ thương mại rộng rãi với nhiều quốc gia trên thế giới từ Đông sang Tây. Trong số các nước phương Tây, Bồ Đào Nha và Hà Lan là hai nước có quan hệ thương mại với Đàng Trong sớm nhất, để lại nhiều dấu ấn nhất. Thế kỷ XVII, quan hệ thương mại giữa Đàng Trong với Bồ Đào Nha và Hà Lan phát triển mạnh mẽ, tuy nhiên bước sang thế kỷ XVIII thì dần suy yếu và đến giữa thế kỷ XVIII trở đi thì suy yếu trầm trọng. Quá trình buôn bán với Bồ Đào Nha và Hà Lan đã mang về cho chính quyền Đàng Trong những mối lợi quan trọng, đặc biệt là nguồn thuế thu được từ các thương thuyền xuất nhập cảng, cung cấp cho chúa Nguyễn những trang bị vũ khí hiện đại thời bấy giờ để trang bị cho quân đội, giúp gia tăng sức mạnh, đủ sức đương đầu với quân Trịnh ở Đàng Ngoài trong các cuộc giao tranh. Quá trình hoạt động thương mại của thương nhân, giáo sĩ hai nước này tại các thương cảng cũng có những tác động nhất định đến tình hình kinh tế, chính trị - quân sự, văn hóa – xã hội, đô thị Đàng Trong thời chúa Nguyễn.
THÁI Y VIỆN TRIỀU NGUYỄN – ĐỈNH CAO TRONG LỊCH SỬ PHÒNG, CHỮA BỆNH, TỔ CHỨC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO LƯƠNG Y VIỆT NAM THỜI QUÂN CHỦ
Authors: Bang Đỗ
Published: September 2021

Thái Y viện ở Việt Nam ra đời vào thời vua Lý Thần Tông (1128–1138) và được phát triển qua triều Trần, Hồ, Lê, thời chúa Nguyễn và Tây Sơn. Tuy nhiên, dưới triều Nguyễn, kể từ năm thành lập 1804 đến năm 1945, Thái Y viện đã trở thành một tổ chức Y Dược cho triều đình hoàn chỉnh nhất. Thái Y viện là nơi quy tụ nhiều thầy thuốc giỏi khắp cả nước về Kinh đô Huế để chữa bệnh và chăm sóc sức khỏe cho hoàng gia và triều thần, là nơi truyền nghề để lại nhiều bài thuốc giá trị, nhiều danh y nổi tiếng mà hậu thế đang kế thừa. Trong quá khứ và hiện nay, Huế, với một vị thế quan trọng trong lịch sử phát triển ngành Y Dược học Việt Nam, xứng đáng là Trung tâm Y tế chuyên sâu của đất nước.
Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible: impacto de la falta de protección financiera en salud en países de América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Cid Camilo , Flores Gabriela , Del Riego Amalia , Fitzgerald James
Published: September 2021

Objetivo.Determinar el impacto del gasto de bolsillo en salud en los hogares, los niveles de protección financiera y su desigualdad según variables relevantes en países de la Región. Se indaga su evolución y relación con el uso de servicios del sistema de salud.

Métodos.Se recopila información descriptiva comparada acerca del gasto de bolsillo, su incidencia en la población, y su peso y composición en el consumo de los hogares. Se presentan indicadores de protección financiera en el nivel nacional y su distribución por quintiles de consumo total de hogares y por género. Se contrastan con un indicador de cobertura de servicios.

Resultados.Los indicadores de gasto de bolsillo y protección financiera son deficientes pero diferenciados entre los países. Se identifica la composición del gasto en salud para un subgrupo de ellos y existen gradientes significativos cuando se estudian las desigualdades. Para algunos casos, se muestran cambios en el tiempo y posibles asociaciones con los niveles de cobertura de servicios.

Discusión.La desprotección financiera afecta a una gran parte de la población, se configuran grupos de países con dificultades mayores que otros, con preponderancia de gasto en medicamentos y exposición mayor de grupos en situaciones de vulnerabilidad, como los más pobres y las mujeres, lo que denota una gran inequidad. Se identifican políticas de algunos países que pueden asociarse con la evolución de la protección financiera. Para reemplazar el gasto de bolsillo, barrera para el acceso, los países necesitan aumentar el gasto público mediante el financiamiento de los sistemas de salud en transformación hacia la salud universal.
Child welfare system
Authors: Hanna David
Published: September 2021

The year 2019 represented a watershed moment for Aotearoa New Zealand’s child welfare system, as a public spotlight was shone on systemic ethnic inequities during ongoing legislative changes aimed at centering Te Tiriti o Waitangi and whänau, hapü, and iwi considerations in policy and practice. In the midst of this dialogue, Victoria University of Wellington’s School of Government hosted the “Children, Families, and the State”– a seminar series focused on the historical, current, and future role of the state in the lives of families and children. The seminars, and the discussion it generated, was due to the calls to action from speakers across the system, including leadership at Oranga Tamariki, within the family court, non-profit providers, commissioners and advocates, and academics.

The four brief essays in this edition of Policy Quarterly capture viewpoints from several of the seminar speakers. Despite their different perspectives, common threads unite them. A greater recognition of the structural causes of the historical and current patterns of ethnic inequities in child welfare system contact, a commitment to whänau, hapü, and iwi-centred policy, practice, and partnership, the authors argue, are vital for a more just and empowering system.
Cucumber and honey soaking reduces hypertension in the elderly
Authors: Soesanto Edy , Zulino Salsabella
Published: September 2021

Hypertension is a condition of increasing a person's blood pressure beyond normal limits, causing increased morbidity and mortality. Hypertension can be reduced by consuming cucumber which contains potassium which inhibits the release of renin so that there is an increase in sodium and water excretion. In addition, it can also be reduced by consuming honey which can prevent the formation of plaque attached to the walls of blood vessels so that it can eliminate bad cholesterol for the body. This study aimed to determine the effect of giving cucumber and honey water immersion on Elderly Hypertension. This study used a Quasy Experimental design with a Pretest and Posttest with Control Group design. Sampling using a simple random sampling technique. The sample in this study amounted to 30 elderly people using the paired sample t-test statistical test. The results showed that the average blood pressure of the intervention group before being given the cucumber and honey water immersion was 153.6/84 mmHg and after it was 148.3/82.1 mmHg. The average blood pressure of the control group before being given the cucumber and honey water immersion was 158.5/80.2 mmHg and after it was 163.5/80.2 mmHg with p = 0.000. In the results of the independent sample test the intervention group before being given therapy, namely Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.027, the control group before treatment was Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.045. While the test results of the intervention group after being given therapy are Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.124, the control group after being given therapy is Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.139. There is an effect of giving cucumber and honey water immersion therapy on changes in blood pressure in the elderly with hypertension. But there is no difference in the average blood pressure of the Hypertensive Elderly. It is expected that the elderly with hypertension can make cucumber and honey water immersion as an alternative therapy to reduce hypertension
Role Model and Family Support Related to Self Efficacy Sleep in The Sand in Coastal Elderly
Authors: Hidayat Syaifurrahman , Hannan Mujib
Published: September 2021

The elderly naturally experience a decrease in physical and psychological function so that it affects individuals in their daily activities. Self-efficacy is the ability to carry out a series of actions to provide life satisfaction for the elderly who sleep in the sand. Role models can provide role models for the elderly in doing activities to sleep in the sand where family support can influence the behavior of the elderly sleeping in the sand in the coastal elderly. The research method is descriptive-analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The population of this study were all the elderly who lived in the village, Village, Pasir Lenggung Batang Batang -District, Sumenep Regency as many as 124 elderly. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The analysis used is the test Spearman rank. The results of this study stated that most of the respondents had role models in the high category as many as 57.5% coastal elderly, respondents had family support in the medium category as many as 72.5% coastal elderly, and respondents had self-efficacy sleeping in the sand in the capable category as many as 72, 5% of coastal elderly. There is a relationship between the role model and the self-efficacy of sleeping in the sand in the coastal elderly and there is a relationship between family support and the self-efficacy of sleeping in the sand in the coastal elderly. Role models can be role models and motivations for the coastal elderly to sleep in the sand. When the role model is good, self-efficacy will increase, with that the ability of the elderly to carry out activities in the sand is better as well as the higher family support, the higher self-efficacy the elderly
Abruptioplacentae: perinatal out come in normotensive and hypertensive patients in Basra, Iraq
Authors: Sharief M. , Manther A. A.
Published: September 2021

A total of 154 women were diagnosed with abruptio placentae during the period from December 1995 to August 1996 giving an incidence of 2%. Of these, 104 were normotensive and 50 were hypertensive. There was a higher incidence of abruptio placentae among the age group 15-20 years in hypertensive patients. Hypertension was also found to be an important factor for primigravidae, and abruptio placentae grade III occurred significantly more often in the hypertensive group. Even the hypertensive women who delivered normally were more likely to deliver before 37 weeks gestation. The perinatal mortality was 52.0% for hypertensive women compared with 29.8% for normotensive women
«Complex» choledocholithiasis in practice of regional centre of endoscopic surgery
Authors: Hrubnik V. V. , Gerasimov D. V. , Evsykov B. V.
Published: September 2021

Objective. Estimation of rate of various causes of «complex» choledocholithiasis (CL) in practice of regional centre of endoscopic surgery. Materials and methods. The investigation was conducted on the base of Department of Surgery in Odessa Regional Clinical Hospital in 2019-2021 yrs. Experience of endoscopic operative interventions, performed in 198 patients with clinical signs of CL, was analyzed. Results. In 45 (22.7%) patients while ultrasonographic investigation a solitary calculus was revealed, while in the others –multiple calculi. Average value of the common biliary duct diameter have constituted (10.5 ± 0.8) mm. In all the patients distal localization of calculi was present, which coexisted in 31 (15.7%) with supraduodenal localization. In 1 woman-patient a valve calculus was revealed, which caused several accidents of biliary colic in anamnesis. Thus, multiple CL was present in majority of the patients. In 53 (26.8%) patients “complex” CL was diagnosed. While analyzing the causes rate of «complex” CL there was established its mostly frequent form (71.7%) occurring after previous multiple attempts of endoscopic interventions. Also frequent forms have appeared in technical complexities while approaching duodenal papilla magna (9.2%), cases of periampullar duodenal diverticulosis (5.8%) and tubular stenosis of common biliary duct (5.0%). Complete endoscopic papillosphincterotomy with the calculi extraction by one séance was performed in 27 (13.6%) patients. In 15 (7.6%) patients the procedure of a one-staged extraction of calculi failed as a consequence of the complications occurrence, presence of multiple big calculi. In these patients repeated seances of endoscopic papillosphincterotomy were done with extraction of calculi, which in 5 (2.5%) patients have demonstrated inefficacy, leading to performance of relithoextraction (up to 3 seances). Conclusion. Rate of “complex” CL constitutes 26.8%, its mostly frequent cause is previous multiple attempts of local endoscopic interventions. Rate of perioperative morbidity, while doing endoscopic interventions, do not exceed 15%, and mostly frequent complication is an acute pancreatitis. In part of the patients with “complex” CL it is expedient to apply laparoscopic and combined interventions.
Effects of Occipital Nerve Block in Pediatric Patients with Occipital Region Headache
Authors: Son Hey-Joon , Lee Kon-Hee
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of occipital nerve block (ONB) in pediatric patients with headache in the occipital region.Methods: Among 302 patients who visited our headache clinic during a 2-year period, we retrospectively reviewed the charts of 26 patients who complained of primary headache in the occipital region, and divided them into two groups according to the main treatment: ONB or oral drug treatment (ODT).Results: The mean age of the 26 patients was 11.7±3.2 years. No statistically significant differences were found between the ONB and ODT groups in age, sex, sites of pain, duration of having experienced symptoms, and the duration, frequency, and severity of episodes (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in remission between the ONB and ODT groups. However, in the ONB group, the time taken to achieve remission was significantly shorter than in the ODT group (P<0.05). Additionally, in the ONB group, the duration of medication and the period of outpatient treatment were significantly shorter than in the ODT group (P<0.05).Conclusion: In this study, ONB reduced the time taken to achieve remission and shortened the period of treatment. Thus, ONB should be considered in pediatric patients with headache in the occipital region.