bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathways of Disarmament and the Challenges of Unmaking of a Girl Soldier in South Sudan
Authors: Jangaling Lujang John
Published: July 2023

This article focuses on the analysis of the girl soldiers’ pathways out of violence in the rebels’ camps and the identification of the difficulties as experienced by former girl soldiers as they transition from the military to civilian life. This research adopted phenomenological research approach. The source of the primary data was from interviews of 71 former girl soldiers who participated in the South Sudan’s civil war in the defunct Gbudue State and who were attending vocational training as part of Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) program undertaken at Tindoko Interim Care Centre for Children. The 71 girls were selected through purposive and snowballing sampling techniques. This study found that girl soldiers exit armed forces either through an official demobilization process or by escaping on their own (self-demobilization). Unlike the official demobilization process in different parts of the world have typically had a military-and security-oriented approach where the surrender of weapons serves as a criterion to be included in the DDR programmes, the Child DDR programs in South Sudan seek to pave ways in which former girl soldiers are reintegrated into communities by providing them with suitable programmes in their civilian lives. Though they the ex-girl soldiers successfully returned home, they were confronted with frustration as they never received what were promised to them during the disarmament stage. Finally, the former girl soldiers experienced huge challenges of social reintegration into the community as they were feared as rebels, unequally treated in the family and they perceived the child DDR programmes into different views: one group viewed the reintegration programme as a betrayal because of the hindrances of many environmental factors and they considered themselves as unequally treated in the community and the second group who self-demobilized viewed the reintegration programme as a redeemer because they received what they wanted, and they considered themselves as equally treated.
A Review on Achieving Cloud Security using Third Party Auditor and Preserving Privacy for Shared Data over Public Cloud
Authors: Chakresh Kumar  , Dr. Annamalai Giri A. A
Published: July 2023

In the present paper a review related to Achieving Cloud Security using Third Party Auditor and Preserving Privacy for Shared Data over Public Cloudwas done. Cloud computing is a new technology that will attract greater attention from industry and academics in the future. When compared to the expense of creating infrastructure, this technology is more appealing. However, like with any maturing technology, there will be several security vulnerabilities with this system. This research study achieves substantial breakthroughs in data security, data integrity, and access control in the public cloud. Third Party Auditor (TPA) and user separation are successfully employed in this procedure. The TPA uses a hybrid signature generating technique called MD5withRSA. The access control is used to segregate users from data owners, and only those users who have been allowed access by the data owners can access the owner's data.
Beat Box
Authors: Anurag C  , Bhumika P  , Roopashree C S
Published: July 2023

Music Applications are connected to Human emotions that are not consistent and they are actually result of circumstances happening in individuals. Music is one of the best ways to relieve pressure in stressful modern society life. It unites us across markets, ages, backgrounds, languages, preference[1]. Youths are so obsessed that not only day chores even during rest time they prefer music. Music Application have a high demand as this can be used anytime, anywhere, and can be combined with daily activities, travelling, sports. With the rapid development of mobile network and digital music technologies, digital music has become the mainstream consumer content sought by many young people. Nowadays, the internet is growing fast and a large group of people has access to the internet, but people always prefer songs of offline.
Some Late Franciscan Rewritings of the Twelve Abuses
Authors: Piron Sylvain
Published: July 2023

A distinct version of the De XII abusiuis saeculi appears among documents produced by the Fraticelli in late fourteenth-century Florence, in the Tuscan vernacular. The same document is also preserved in Latin among works by Peter John Olivi, copied by Bernardino da Siena in the 1420s, presumably out of materials confiscated from a group of Fraticelli. The chapter discusses the possibility of Olivi’s authorship of this piece, and argues that this list of abuses represents in any event a summary of a vision shared by Olivi and his disciples regarding the corruption of the Church and of the social world that calls for the coming of the Antichrist. It also discusses and edits another reworking of these abuses among the works of Bernardino da Siena.
Gender-Related Inclusionary and Exclusionary Practices within Evangelical Churches in the Netherlands
Authors: Dijkhuizen Laura , Barentsen Jack
Published: July 2023

Inclusive and exclusive practices are part of innovation and changes in religious organizations like churches. In this contribution two cases of change in leadership roles related to gender balance are analysed and discussed. The dynamics of inclusion and exclusion are explored and interpreted through the lens of a social identity approach and related to the change in authority. Data show that the shift in Bible interpretation on female leadership, as well as the practice of including women in a previously male domain, affected the perception of the church’s social and religious identity. In some cases this resulted in leaving the church due to the authority shift, which can be perceived as a form of apostasy.
Smarter gebacken
Authors: Shinde Sonia
Published: July 2023

Künstliche Intelligenz hält inzwischen nicht nur in Traditions-Backstuben und Bäckerei-Filialen Einzug. Algorithmen schaffen es mittlerweile sogar ins SB-Brotregal. In Franken experimentieren ein Bäcker und ein Kaufmann damit für mehr Umsatz und weniger Abschriften. Sonia Shinde
Arla kooperiert für CO₂-Bilanz
Authors: Bökamp Lena
Published: July 2023

Die Konzerne Arla und Danish Crown wollen gemeinsam mit zwei Logistikdienstleistern einen klimaneutralen Korridor für Transporte zwischen Dänemark und Großbritannien einrichten. Der Einsatz von E-Lkw und umweltfreundlicheren Kraftstoffen sollen helfen, in der Logistik auf der Strecke bis 2023 CO₂-neutral zu werden.
„Wir werben weiter auf Tiktok, wenn es erlaubt ist“
Authors: Bialek Catrin , Schmidt Eva-Maria
Published: July 2023

Kosten, Preise, Margen – Konsumgüterhersteller und ihre Kunden kämpfen in diesen Zeiten. Marc Pritchard, weltweiter Chief Brand Officer bei Procter&Gamble, erklärt, wie sein Unternehmen auf die Herausforderungen reagiert, sein Werbegeld verteilt, mit den großen Plattformen zusammenarbeitet und warum er optimistisch auf das Thema „ generative KI“ blickt.
E-Bikes werden billiger
Authors: Biester Silke
Published: July 2023

Deutschland ist der größte Fahrrad- und E-Bike-Markt in Europa. Der stationäre Nicht-Fahrradhandel verliert an Bedeutung.
Rückendeckung für Glyphosat
Authors: Mönch Axel
Published: July 2023

Brüssel. Die Europäische Lebensmittelbehörde (Efsa) hat ihr Gutachten zum umstrittenen Herbizid Glyphosat geliefert. Die Wissenschaftler schließen Risiken für die Gesundheit und die Umwelt aus.
Weg frei für neue Züchtungstechniken
Authors: Mönch Axel
Published: July 2023

Brüssel. Züchtungen mithilfe von neuen genomischen Techniken (NGT) sollen nicht mehr unter das EU-Gentechnikrecht fallen. Die EU-Kommission will der Genschere (CRISPR/Cas) zum Durchbruch verhelfen und erhofft sich durch angepasste Sorten eine klima- und umweltfreundlichere Erzeugung.
Unterschiede in der Auszahlung
Authors: Lenz Frank
Published: July 2023

Göttingen. Während die Milchmengen saisonal weiter rückläufig sind, ist der Preisverfall für Milch gestoppt. Zu den weiteren Entwicklungen gibt es unterschiedliche Einschätzungen.
Wiesn in fünf Jahren klimaneutral
Authors: Schultz Olaf
Published: July 2023

Frankfurt a.M. In den großen Festzelten auf dem Münchner Oktoberfest wird dieses ehrgeizige Ziel von den Betreibern angepeilt. Auch das Essensangebot wird grüner, versprechen sie.
Resuscitation after cardiac surgery: Best practice recommendations
Authors: Carpenter Madison
Published: July 2023

Improve patient outcomes with the CALS algorithm.
Boost your mood with food
Authors: Lancaster Palina
Published: July 2023

Train your body to crave nutrient-rich foods.
Cost analysis of poisoning cases admitted to the emergency department
Authors: Baykan Necmi , Yakar Şule , İpekten Funda
Published: July 2023

Aims: Poisoning incidents are frequently encountered and can often result in fatal outcomes in emergency departments. This study aimed to examine the demographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with drug poisoning in the emergency department and to analyze the associated healthcare costs.
Methods: The study retrospectively analyzed patients admitted to the Nevşehir State Hospital emergency service between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2018, due to both accidental and intentional drug poisoning. The number of patients diagnosed with drug poisoning in the emergency department was assessed by month and year. Aspects such as the demographic characteristics of the patients, the times of their admission to the emergency department, the outcomes in the emergency department, and the associated costs were compared.
Results: The emergency department received a total of 520,672 patients. Among these, 659 patients who were diagnosed with drug poisoning and had complete data were included in the study. Women constituted 65% of the study population. The patients were categorized into two groups: children under the age of 18 and adults aged 18 and over. The average age of the pediatric patients was 7.7, while the mean age of the adult patients was 30.2. When the emergency service costs were compared with the age and gender variables of the admissions, no statistically significant difference was observed (p>0.05). However, a statistically significant difference was noted in terms of cost when the times of admission for patients in the emergency department were compared (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Given the morbidity and mortality rates associated with poisoning, the financial burden it imposes is substantial. It is necessary to develop targeted preventive health services to reduce the incidence of poisoning cases.
Infective endocarditis diagnosed by embolic complication: reports of two cases
Authors: Çakır Yasemin , Tunca Bekir
Published: July 2023

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an acute, subacute, and chronic infectious disease affecting the heart valves and endocardium.
Although IE is a rare disease, it is still important because of the morbidity and mortality it causes. Because of non-specific
clinical manifestations of IE such as fever, malaise, anemia, and embolic complications, the disease may be confused with
many disease manifestations and the diagnosis may be delayed. This article reported two cases with an initial diagnosis of
meningitis and cellulitis as a result of embolic complications of IE.
Infective endocarditis prophylaxis
Authors: Altun Demircan Şerife
Published: July 2023

Infective endocarditis is a serious infection disease which has a mortality rate of 30% in the first year in our country. Today in the majority of the cases, infective endocarditis is thought to develop after transient bacteremia of bacteria in the oral microbiota during daily procedures such as toothbrushing. Good oral hygiene and dental care are more effective than antibiotic prophylaxis. In recent guidelines, antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for the high-risk group for the development of infective endocarditis and for dental procedures with bleeding.
Comparison of aesthetic perceptions created by the factors affecting smile design in different occupational groups
Authors: Ayluçtarhan Ayçiçek Dilan , Bakır Elif Pınar
Published: July 2023

Aims: This study aimed to compare the effects of factors affecting smile design on aesthetic perceptions in different occupational groups.
Methods: For this study, a questionnaire form was prepared including 42 modified photographs obtained by incorporating different levels of changes in the factors affecting smile design such as gingival visibility, incisal embrasure, buccal corridor, incisor visibility, midline, smile line, vermilion height of the lips, golden ratio, and diastema within a photograph of a woman and a photograph of a man. Voluntary participants were asked to evaluate each photograph in terms of aesthetics and mark the most appealing options on VAS and Likert-type scales.
Results: Fine arts faculty graduates reactedto the differences in the images more positively than the other participants.Restorative dentistry specialists gave higher scores to the smile criteria most liked by all participants compared to other participants, while the criteria that were least liked by all participants received the lowest scores in this group. They gave answers in parallel with the values accepted as ideal.
Male and female models were found to be more aestheticwhen golden ratio, incisal embrasures and the midline were not changed, the gingiva covered the central teeth by 1 mm, the lip vermilion height was increased by 2 mm, the line drawn from the incisors of the maxillary anterior was parallel to the lower lip’s curvature, the visibility of the central incisorswas 3 mm, and no diastema.
Conclusion: We determined that profession and education do not always have the same effects on aesthetic perceptions. We suggest that the most appropriate results can be achieved in terms of diagnosis and treatment in aesthetic dentistry when the personal tastes of individuals are supported by data from the relevant literature.
Gingival and periodontal diseases in children
Authors: Sağlam Gülnur , Dağ Ahmet
Published: July 2023

Periodontal diseases, one of the most important health problems in societies, affect children as well as adults. Gingivitis is more common in childhood than periodontitis. Bone and attachment loss in children is not common, but may be associated with a systemic disease or an isolated dental condition. Early diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases in childhood and identification of patients at risk are very important in terms of preventing diseases that may occur in the future.
Verifiying gastric tube placement using neck ultrasonography in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit
Authors: Dağdelen Melike Şeyda , Ceylan İlkay , Kahveci Ferda Şöhret
Published: July 2023

Aims: This study aimed to compare neck ultrasonography to chest X-ray—the gold standard technique—to evaluate the effectiveness in verifying gastric tube placement.
Methods: This prospective study reported the data of the 39 mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. While inserting the gastric tube, a linear ultrasound probe was simultaneously used to visualize the esophagus in the left lateral region of the neck, and obscuration of the posterior esophageal wall was observed during passage of the tube. In addition, ultrasonography was used to detect “dynamic fogging” in the stomach, while auscultation was also used to determine the location of the tube. Chest X-ray images were captured from all patients included in the study.
Results: Among 39 patients who had been enrolled in the study, three of them died before chest X-ray, the esophagus could not be visualized in 9 and the stomach could not be visualized in 4 using ultrasonography. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of neck ultrasonography in verifying gastric tube placement were 69.7%, 66.7%, 95.8% and 16.7%, respectively and, 51.5%, 100%, 100% and 15.7%, respectively, for stomach ultrasonography.
Conclusion: Visualization of gastric tube insertion in the esophagus using neck ultrasonography demonstrated various advantages including non-invasiveness, rapidity, and bedside technique availability, although it has lower sensitivity and specificity due to its operator-dependent nature.
Determination of hepatitis B and hepatitis C seroprevalence in pregnant women in the Kastamonu region, Turkey
Authors: Tüfekci Enis Fuat , Çalışır Büşra , Yaşar Duman Melike , Kılınç Çetin
Published: July 2023

Aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections during pregnancy have a risk of transmission to the
newborn. Therefore, pregnant women are routinely screened for HBV and HCV in many countries. This study aimed to reveal the seroprevalence of HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV in pregnant women in the Kastamonu region and to compare the obtained data with the results of studies conducted in Turkey.
Methods: Pregnant women who applied to Kastamonu Training and Research Hospital Microbiology laboratory between
January 2022 and January 2023 for HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV tests were included in this study. The pregnant women
were separated into two groups ?24 and >24 age groups. The tests were performed using the chemiluminescence microparticle immune assay method on the Abbott Architect i2000SR instrument, and the results were evaluated per the manufacturer’s instructions.
Results: HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV positivity were 0.5% (n=9/1712), 51.1% (n=874/1712), and 0.1% (n=2/1713),
respectively. While there was no significant difference between age groups for HBsAg positivity (p>0.05), anti-HBs positivity
was found to be significantly higher in the ?24 age group than in the >24 age group (p=0.002).
Conclusion: The results showed that HBsAg and anti-HCV positivity was lower than in most studies conducted in recent years in Turkey, and anti-HBs positivity was higher than in most studies. It is essential to continue routine HBV and HCV screening in pregnant women’s first follow-up and encourage anti-HBs-negative individuals to be vaccinated against HBV.
Evaluation of hospital admissions in the first 6 months after the COVID-19 discharge
Authors: Koç Miraç , Önen Özgür , Üzer Begüm , Çalışır Büşra , Kukul Güven Fatma Mutlu
Published: July 2023

Aims: Although COVID-19 disease has many effects on patients after recovery, it is not known whether these effects are part of the recovery process or trigger other diseases. This study has aimed to investigate whether ferritin, which is used as an acute phase reactant to determine the severity and prognosis of the disease, has a role in determining the symptoms that occur after the disease.
Methods: The study was conducted with 300 patients who were hospitalized with PCR positive and lung involvement. Patients' hospital admissions and initial ferritin levels were recorded within 6 months of discharge. It was examined whether there was a relationship between ferritin levels and the re-admission reasons.
Results: 177(59.0) people had no symptoms during the six-month period and 123(41.0) patients were admitted to the hospital due to various symptoms. 6(2.0) of the patients became ex within six months after discharge. The most common symptoms in patients were 28(9.3) shortness of breath, 22(7.3) myalgia, 15(5.0) chest pain, 10(3.3) headache and 10(3.3) palpitations, respectively. Ferritin levels were found to be high in those with no symptoms and low in those with symptoms.
Conclusion: Determining the symptoms, re-admissions, mortality rates and predictors that will guide Covid -19 is very important for the recognition, treatment and follow-up of this disease after discharge. More studies are needed to make a prediction according to ferritin levels in the process after recovery from Covid-19.
Splenic artery aneurysm rupture after using enoxaparin for COVID-19: is it a coincidence or complication?
Authors: Önen Özgür , Yıldız Yasin Alper , Koç Miraç , Kukul Güven Fatma Mutlu
Published: July 2023

Splenic artery aneurysm is a rare and usually asymptomatic disease that is more common among women. It is usually diagnosed as a result of rupture during pregnancy. It may result in mortality if patients with rupture are not diagnosed and treated early. Although the endovascular method is the first choice in treatment, the surgical procedure can also be applied in hemodynamically unstable patients. In this report, we present a case of splenic artery aneurysm rupture that occurred due to the use of enoxaparin in a patient diagnosed with COVID-19 and followed up at home.
Delta Smelt stress responses during fish salvage at the John E. Skinner Delta Fish Protective Facility, California
Authors:   California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Afentoulis Virginia , Rockriver Andrew ,   California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Siddiqui Samreen ,   California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Damon Lauren ,   California Department of Fish and Wildlife
Published: July 2023

The John E. Skinner Delta Fish Protective Facility (Skinner Fish Facility) diverts entrained fish from the State Water Project’s pumping facilities in the southern Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta) and transports them via tanker trucks away from the immediate influence of the export pumps. During this process, the fish are counted and released back into the Delta, generally known as fish salvage. Since fish are caught and released back into the Delta, this whole process involves various points that can be stressful to fish, such as the Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus), a state and federally listed species. To understand this process and improve fish facilities function, an investigation was conducted in 2005–2006, in which we evaluated sublethal stress associated with the terminal portion of the fish salvage process. This study included fish collection, handling, transportation, and release (CHTR) away from the export facilities. Physiological stress parameters for Delta Smelt were measured in the Skinner Fish Facility. We inserted wild and cultured adult Delta Smelt into the CHTR process and later sampled for plasma cortisol, glucose, and lactate, which typically respond to acute and cumulative stress in fish. To help identify the source of overall stress response, we partitioned CHTR into three test phases: collection and handling, trucking and release, and uninterrupted CHTR. Differences in the delayed stress response between the different phases of CHTR were evaluated. Delta Smelt experienced stress in all phases of the CHTR process and in experimental handling controls indicated by higher plasma cortisol concentrations compared to their pre-experiment levels. Wild Delta Smelt experienced higher levels of cortisol response and took longer to recover than did cultured Delta Smelt.
Our Daily Use Chemical Products “the enemy we trust” Phthalates, Risks & Challenge to Avoid.... An Update!
Authors: I.M. Hawal Amr , A.Alia Malak , ElZahraa T. Hussin Fatma , M.H. Gad Sherif , I.M. Mohamed Gehan
Published: July 2023

Our literature review study reflects the light on some chemical substances which are widely used in many & different aspects of our children daily practices & try to get the answers for the following important questions. Do these chemicals that our children are widely exposed to since even their prenatal period & throughout their lives have real high risks & dangers on their health? Is the use of these chemicals essential for our kids or we can avoid and replace them with other non-risky substances & hazardous chemical free products..!! Recently, a lot of systematic review studies have been done to investigate the possible relations between the most common chemical substances that we use daily and possible risks & health problems that may affect our children. Among the chemicals that have been studied intensively in the last few years are Phthalates which are known as endocrine disruptors due to their anti-androgenic and/ or estrogenic effects!
METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS NO ENSINO: UM ESTUDO BIBLIOMÉTRICO
Authors: Bernardes Junior Roberto , Correia João de Deus Elias , Inhambicuara Caroline Regina , Oliveira Renan de , Bleinat Dulcineia Barreto Simões , Vaz Amanda Cristina Rosim , Bau Daniel Rodrigues
Published: July 2023

As metodologias ativas são abordagens pedagógicas inovadoras que promovem uma aprendizagem mais engajadora e significativa, colocando o aluno no centro do processo educacional. Essas abordagens estimulam a participação ativa dos alunos, a autonomia, a colaboração e o pensamento crítico. Nesta vertente o tema se destaca, visto a importância da participação efetiva do aluno na construção do seu próprio aprendizado, a contextualização dos conteúdos, a colaboração entre os estudantes e a ênfase na resolução de problemas. O artigo aborda a importância e o impacto das metodologias ativas na educação. Tendo como objetivo investigar e encontrar perspectivas na literatura sobre as metodologias ativas no ensino, bem como analisar como a literatura tem se desenvolvido ao longo do tempo. Para tanto o presente estudo utiliza a base de dados SCOPUS para analisar estudos e artigos científicos sobre as metodologias ativas no ensino, investigando suas aplicações, resultados e impactos por meio da ferramenta VOSViwer, e posteriormente a análise dos resultados. Ao final pode-se obter uma visão abrangente sobre o desenvolvimento literário a respeito das metodologias ativas, se se apresenta com grande crescimento em números de publicações, apresentando diferentes subtemas com insignes a novos pesquisadores, além de sugerir oito diferentes linhas de pesquisas.
EXPOSIÇÃO A NANO E MICROPLÁSTICOS E SEUS IMPACTOS NA SAÚDE HUMANA: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA
Authors: Cruz Erivania Maria Timóteo da , Almeida Felipe Rodrigues de
Published: July 2023

Resíduos plásticos degradam-se em pequenas partículas ais quais podem ser transportadas pelo ar, água e alimentos. Tais partículas podem entrar e sair de nossos corpos e de se deslocarem para órgãos internos, como pulmões, fígado, cérebro, intestinos. Os efeitos negativos sobre a saúde nos sistemas respiratório, hepático, imunológico e gastrointestinal foram relatados em humanos e outros mamíferos em resposta a exposições elevadas a essas partículas, sendo dependentes do tipo, tamanho e quantidade dos plásticos expostos. Esta revisão integrativa da literatura teve como objetivo evidenciar os impactos negativos sobre à saúde decorrentes da absorção direta ou indireta a nano e ou micropartículas de plásticos pelo organismo. Foram realizadas buscas por artigos sobre o tema nas bases de dados PubMed, Medline e BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde), por meio dos descritores: Microplástico; Nanopartículas Plástica; Inflamação; Toxicidade; Risco de Vida; Avaliação de Impacto de Saúde, utilizando os operadores Booleanos “AND” e “OR” para o cruzamento desses entre si. Como critérios de inclusão, foram admitidos aqueles nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa ou espanhola, publicados entre 2011 a 2022, com texto completo e acesso aberto e gratuito, além de obedecerem à temática proposta. Concluiu-se que à exposição humana a esses detritos pode comprometer a homeostase do organismo. Verificou-se que o número de estudos de biomonitoramento ou aqueles envolvendo modelos in vivo é escasso, e a maioria da literatura se concentra-se em modelos experimentais de linhagens celulares in vitro para avaliar o risco potencial a essa exposição. Outros estudos são necessários para ampliação desse entendimento.
A unified synergistic retrieval of clouds, aerosols, and precipitation from EarthCARE: the ACM-CAP product
Authors: Mason Shannon L. , Hogan Robin J. , Bozzo Alessio , Pounder Nicola L.
Published: July 2023

Abstract. ACM-CAP provides a synergistic best-estimate retrieval of all clouds, aerosols, and precipitation detected by the atmospheric lidar (ATLID), cloud-profiling radar (CPR), and multi-spectral imager (MSI) aboard EarthCARE (Earth Cloud Aerosol and Radiation Explorer). While synergistic retrievals are now mature in many contexts, ACM-CAP is unique in that it provides a unified retrieval of all hydrometeors and aerosols. The Cloud, Aerosol, and Precipitation from mulTiple Instruments using a VAriational TEchnique (CAPTIVATE) algorithm allows for a robust accounting of observational and retrieval errors and the contributions of passive and integrated measurements and for enforcing physical relationships between components (e.g. the conservation of precipitating mass flux through the melting layer). We apply ACM-CAP to EarthCARE scenes simulated from numerical weather model forecasts and evaluate the retrievals against “true” quantities from the numerical model. The retrievals are well-constrained by observations from active and passive instruments and overall closely resemble the bulk quantities (e.g. cloud water content, precipitation mass flux, and aerosol extinction) and microphysical properties (e.g. cloud effective radius and median volume diameter) from the model fields. The retrieval performs best where the active instruments have a strong and unambiguous signal, namely in ice clouds and snow, which is observed by both ATLID and CPR, and in light to moderate rain, where the CPR signal is strong. In precipitation, CPR's Doppler capability permits enhanced retrievals of snow particle density and raindrop size. In complex and layered scenes where ATLID is obscured, we have shown that making a simple assumption about the presence and vertical distribution of liquid cloud in rain and mixed-phase clouds allows improved assimilation of MSI solar radiances. In combination with a constraint on the CPR path-integrated attenuation from the ocean surface, this leads to improved retrievals of both liquid cloud and rain in midlatitude stratiform precipitation. In the heaviest precipitation, both active instruments are attenuated and dominated by multiple scattering; in these situations, ACM-CAP provides a seamless retrieval of cloud and precipitation but is subject to a high degree of uncertainty. ACM-CAP's aerosol retrieval is performed in hydrometeor-free parts of the atmosphere and constrained by ATLID and MSI solar radiances. While the aerosol optical depth is well-constrained in the test scenes, there is a high degree of noise in the profiles of extinction. The use of numerical models to simulate test scenes has helped to showcase the capabilities of the ACM-CAP clouds, aerosols, and precipitation product ahead of the launch of EarthCARE.
Effects of clouds and aerosols on downwelling surface solar irradiance nowcasting and sort-term forecasting
Authors: Papachristopoulou Kyriakoula , Fountoulakis Ilias , Bais Alkiviadis F. , Psiloglou Basil E. , Papadimitriou Nikolaos , Raptis Ioannis-Panagiotis , Kazantzidis Andreas , Kontoes Charalampos , Hatzaki Maria , Kazadzis Stelios
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Solar irradiance nowcasting and short-term forecasting are important tools for the integration of solar plants in the grid. Understanding the role of clouds and aerosols in those techniques is essential for improving their accuracy. In this study, we introduce the improvements in the existing nowcasting/short-term forecasting operational systems SENSE/NextSENSE, based on a new configuration and upgrading of cloud and aerosol inputs methods and also, we investigate the limitations of such model evaluation with surface-based sensors due to cloud effects. We assess the real-time estimates of surface global horizontal irradiance (GHI) produced by the improved SENSE2 operational system at high spatial and temporal resolution (~5 km, 15 min) for a domain including Europe and Middle East-North Africa (MENA) region and the short-term forecasts of GHI up to 3 h ahead by the NextSENSE2 system, against ground-based measurements from 10 stations across the model domain, for a whole year (2017). Results show that the GHI estimates are within +/-50 W/m2 (or +/-10 %) of the measured GHI for 61 % of the cases, after the new model configuration and a proposed bias correction. The bias ranges between -12 W/m2 to 23 W/m2 (or 2 % to 29 %) with mean value 11.3 W/m2 (2.3 %). The correlation coefficient is between 0.83 to 0.96 with mean value 0.93. Statistics are improved a lot when integrating in daily and monthly scales (mean bias 6.6 W/m2 and 5.7 W/m2, respectively). We demonstrate that the main overestimation of the SENSE2 GHI is linked with the underestimation of cloud optical thickness from the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellites, while the relatively low overestimation linked with aerosol optical depth (AOD) forecasts (derived from Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service – CAMS) results in low overestimation of clear sky GHI. The highest deviations are associated with cloudy atmospheric conditions with clouds obscuring the sun over the ground-based station. Thus, they are much more linked with satellite/ground-based comparison limitations than the actual model performance. The NextSENSE2 GHI forecasts based on the cloud motion vector (CMV) model, outperform the smart persistence forecasting method, which assumes the same cloud conditions for the future time steps. The forecasting skill (FS) of the CMV based model compared to the persistence approach increases with cloudiness (FS up to ~20 %), linked mostly to periods with changes in cloudiness, that persistence by definition fails to predict. Our results can be useful for further studies on satellite-based solar model evaluations and, in general, for the operational implementation of solar energy nowcasting and short-term forecasting, supporting solar energy production and management.
A long-term monthly surface water storage dataset for the Congo basin from 1992 to 2015
Authors: Kitambo Benjamin M. , Papa Fabrice , Paris Adrien , Tshimanga Raphael M. , Frappart Frederic , Calmant Stephane , Elmi Omid , Fleischmann Ayan Santos , Becker Melanie , Tourian Mohammad J. , Jucá Oliveira Rômulo A. , Wongchuig Sly
Published: July 2023

Abstract. The spatio-temporal variation of surface water storage (SWS) in
the Congo River basin (CRB), the second-largest watershed in the world,
remains widely unknown. In this study, satellite-derived observations are
combined to estimate SWS dynamics at the CRB and sub-basin scales over
1992–2015. Two methods are employed. The first one combines surface water
extent (SWE) from the Global Inundation Extent from Multi-Satellite
(GIEMS-2) dataset and the long-term satellite-derived surface water height
from multi-mission radar altimetry. The second one, based on the hypsometric
curve approach, combines SWE from GIEMS-2 with topographic data from four
global digital elevation models (DEMs), namely the Terra Advanced Spaceborne
Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), Advanced Land Observing
Satellite (ALOS), Multi-Error-Removed Improved Terrain (MERIT), and Forest
And Buildings removed Copernicus DEM (FABDEM). The results provide SWS
variations at monthly time steps from 1992 to 2015 characterized by a strong
seasonal and interannual variability with an annual mean amplitude of
∼101±23 km3. The Middle Congo sub-basin shows a higher
mean annual amplitude (∼71±15 km3). The
comparison of SWS derived from the two methods and four DEMs shows an
overall fair agreement. The SWS estimates are assessed against satellite
precipitation data and in situ river discharge and, in general, a relatively
fair agreement is found between the three hydrological variables at the
basin and sub-basin scales (linear correlation coefficient >0.5). We further characterize the spatial distribution of the major drought
that occurred across the basin at the end of 2005 and in early 2006. The SWS
estimates clearly reveal the widespread spatial distribution of this severe
event (∼40 % deficit as compared to their long-term
average), in accordance with the large negative anomaly observed in
precipitation over that period. This new SWS long-term dataset over the
Congo River basin is an unprecedented new source of information for improving our
comprehension of hydrological and biogeochemical cycles in the basin. As the
datasets used in our study are available globally, our study opens
opportunities to further develop satellite-derived SWS estimates at the
global scale. The dataset of the CRB's SWS and the related Python code to
run the reproducibility of the hypsometric curve approach dataset of SWS are
respectively available for download at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7299823 and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8011607 (Kitambo et al., 2022b, 2023).
A global database of historic glacier lake outburst floods
Authors: Lützow Natalie , Veh Georg , Korup Oliver
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Ongoing atmospheric warming has accelerated glacier mass loss in
many mountain regions worldwide. Glacier lakes trap part of the glacial
meltwater and have increased by about 50 % in number and area since the 1990s.
Some of these glacier lakes may empty catastrophically and pose hazards to
mountain communities, infrastructure, and habitats. Such glacier lake
outburst floods (GLOFs) have caused millions of dollars of damages and
fatalities and are one of many concerns about future changes in the
magnitude, frequency, and impacts of processes of a shrinking mountain
cryosphere. Consistently compiled inventories are thus vital to assess
regional and local trends in GLOF occurrence, hazard, and risk. To this end,
we studied 769 literature and internet sources and developed a standardized
database with 57 attributes that describe and quantify the location, dam
type, size, timing, and impacts of GLOFs in nine glaciated mountain regions.
Our GLOF inventory also includes details about the lake area before and
after the outburst for 391 cases that we manually mapped from optical
satellite images since 1984. In total, we compiled 3151 reported GLOFs that
occurred in 27 countries between 850 and 2022 CE. Most GLOFs have been
reported in NW North America (26 %) and Iceland (19 %). However, the
reporting density in our inventory varies. During the 20th century
alone, the number of yearly documented GLOFs increased 6-fold. Less than
one-quarter of all reported cases feature hydrodynamic characteristics such
as flood peak discharge or volume or estimates of loss and damage. Our
inventory more than doubles the number of reported GLOFs in a previous
global inventory, though gaps in attributes remain. Our data collection
process emphasizes the support of local experts in contributing previously
undocumented cases, and we recommend applying protocols when reporting new
cases. The global database on historic GLOFs is archived at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7330344 (Lützow and Veh,
2023a) and regularly updated at http://glofs.geoecology.uni-potsdam.de/ (last access: 9 May 2023).
PRODEM: Annual summer DEMs (2019–present) of the marginal areas of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Winstrup Mai , Ranndal Heidi , Larsen Signe Hillerup , Simonsen Sebastian Bjerregaard , Mankoff Kenneth David , Fausto Robert Schjøtt , Sørensen Louise Sandberg
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Surface topography across the marginal zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet is constantly evolving in response to changes in weather, season, climate and ice dynamics. Yet current Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) for the ice sheet are usually based on data from a multi-year period, thus obscuring these changes over time. We here present four 500-meter resolution annual (2019–2022) summer DEMs of the Greenland ice sheet marginal zone (PRODEMs). The PRODEMs cover a 50 km wide band from the ice edge, and they capture all outlet glaciers of the Greenland ice sheet. Each PRODEM is based on data fusion of CryoSat-2 radar altimetry and ICESat-2 laser altimetry using a regionally-varying Kriging method. They are validated using leave-one-out cross-validation, showcasing their ability to correctly represent surface elevations within the associated spatially varying prediction uncertainties, which have a median value of 1.4 m. We observe a general lowering of surface elevations compared to ArcticDEM, but the spatial pattern of change is highly complex and with annual changes superimposed. The PRODEMs will enable studies of the marginal ice sheet elevation changes in great detail, temporally as well as spatially. With their high spatio-temporal resolution, the PRODEMs will be of value to a wide range of researchers and users studying ice sheet dynamics and monitoring how the ice sheet responds to changing environmental conditions. Incorporating the PRODEM surface elevations in estimates of the solid ice discharge from Greenland outlet glaciers will e.g. improve our assessment of the mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet and its interannual variability. PRODEMs from summers 2019 through 2022 are available at https://doi.org/10.22008/FK2/52WWHG (Winstrup, 2023), and we plan to annually update the product henceforth.
The mixed-layer depth in the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP): impact of resolving mesoscale eddies
Authors: Treguier Anne Marie , de Boyer Montégut Clement , Bozec Alexandra , Chassignet Eric P. , Fox-Kemper Baylor , McC. Hogg Andy , Iovino Doroteaciro , Kiss Andrew E. , Le Sommer Julien , Li Yiwen , Lin Pengfei , Lique Camille , Liu Hailong , Serazin Guillaume , Sidorenko Dmitry , Wang Qiang , Xu Xiaobio , Yeager Steve
Published: July 2023

Abstract. The ocean mixed layer is the interface between the ocean interior and the atmosphere or sea ice and plays a key role in climate variability. It is
thus critical that numerical models used in climate studies are capable of a good representation of the mixed layer, especially its depth. Here we
evaluate the mixed-layer depth (MLD) in six pairs of non-eddying (1∘ grid spacing) and eddy-rich (up to 1/16∘) models from the
Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP), forced by a common atmospheric state. For model evaluation, we use an updated MLD dataset computed from
observations using the OMIP protocol (a constant density threshold). In winter, low-resolution models exhibit large biases in the deep-water
formation regions. These biases are reduced in eddy-rich models but not uniformly across models and regions. The improvement is most noticeable in
the mode-water formation regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Results in the Southern Ocean are more contrasted, with biases of either sign remaining
at high resolution. In eddy-rich models, mesoscale eddies control the spatial variability in MLD in winter. Contrary to a hypothesis that the
deepening of the mixed layer in anticyclones would make the MLD larger globally, eddy-rich models tend to have a shallower mixed layer at most
latitudes than coarser models do. In addition, our study highlights the sensitivity of the MLD computation to the choice of a reference level and
the spatio-temporal sampling, which motivates new recommendations for MLD computation in future model intercomparison projects.
Assessing Typhoon Soulik-induced morphodynamics over the Mokpo coastal region in South Korea based on a geospatial approach
Authors: Yum Sang-Guk , Song Moon-Soo , Adhikari Manik Das
Published: July 2023

Abstract. The inner shelf and coastal region of the Yellow Sea along the Korean
Peninsula are frequently impacted by typhoons. The Mokpo coastal region in
South Korea was significantly affected by Typhoon Soulik in 2018, the
deadliest typhoon strike to the southwestern coast since Typhoon Maemi in 2003.
Typhoon Soulik overran the region, causing extensive damage to the coast,
shoreline, vegetation, and coastal geomorphology. Therefore, it is important to investigate its impact on the coastal ecology, landform,
erosion/accretion, suspended-sediment concentration (SSC), and associated
coastal changes along the Mokpo region. In this study, the net shoreline movement (NSM), normalized difference
vegetation index (NDVI), fractional vegetation coverage (FVC), coastal-landform change model, normalized difference suspended-sediment index
(NDSSI), and SSC–reflectance relation have been used to analyze the coastal
morphodynamics over the typhoon periods. We used pre- and post-typhoon
Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) images for mapping and monitoring the typhoon effect and
recovery status of the Mokpo coast through short- and medium-term coastal-change analysis. The findings highlighted the significant impacts of
typhoons on coastal dynamics, wetland vegetation, and sediment resuspension
along the Mokpo coast. It has been observed that typhoon-induced SSC
influences shoreline and coastal morphology. The outcome of this research
may provide databases to manage coastal environments and a long-term plan to restore valuable coastal habitats. In addition, the findings may be useful for post-typhoon emergency response, coastal planners, and administrators involved in the long-term development of human life.
Coupled hydrological and hydrodynamic modelling application for climate change impact assessment in the Nemunas river watershed–Curonian Lagoon–southeastern Baltic Sea continuum
Authors: Idzelytė Rasa , Čerkasova Natalja , Mėžinė Jovita , Dabulevičienė Toma , Razinkovas-Baziukas Artūras , Ertürk Ali , Umgiesser Georg
Published: July 2023

Abstract. We analyse the cumulative impacts of climate change in a complex basin–lagoon–sea system continuum, which covers the Nemunas river basin, Curonian Lagoon, and the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea. A unique, state-of-the-art coupled modelling system was developed using hydrological and hydrodynamic models. The results of four regional downscaled models from the Rossby Centre high-resolution regional atmospheric climate model have been bias-corrected using in situ measurements and were used as forcing to assess the changes that the continuum will undergo until the end of this century. Results show that the Curonian Lagoon will be subjected to higher river
discharges that in turn increase the outgoing fluxes into the Baltic Sea.
Through these higher fluxes, both the water residence time and saltwater
intrusion into the lagoon event frequency will decrease. Most of these
changes will be more pronounced in the northern part of the lagoon, which is more likely to be influenced by the variations in the Nemunas river
discharge. Its delta area may be susceptible to flooding as a result of the
elevated discharge during winter. The southern part of the lagoon will
experience lesser changes. While water temperatures in the entire lagoon and the southeastern Baltic Sea will steadily increase and salinity will
decrease, the foreseen changes in the physical characteristics will not cause significant shifts in the ecosystem functioning but may affect the nutrient retention capacity. However, some ecosystem services such as ice fishing are expected to vanish completely due to the loss of ice cover.