bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPROVING THE PRACTICE OF APPLYING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN ENERGY PROJECTS
Authors:   Independent Researcher, Banking and Finance Academy, Republic of Uzbekistan, Usmonovich Tilakov Ismoiljon
Published: January 2025

The article examines methods for improving the efficiency of applying digital technologies in energy projects. It focuses on the integration of innovative solutions, analyzing current practices, and presenting recommendations for optimizing energy processes through digitalization. Emphasis is placed on addressing existing challenges and enhancing the performance and sustainability of energy systems.
STRUCTURAL IMBALANCES IN THE IRAQI ECONOMY AFTER 2003: CAUSES, EFFECTS AND TREATMENT METHODS
Authors:   University of Babylon, College of Administration and Economics, Iraq, Hassan Asst. Lect. Ali Hussein
Published: January 2025

The Iraqi economy suffers from multiple structural imbalances, and this is attributed to several reasons, especially its dependence on crude oil, in addition to the weak coordination between economic policies, and the dominance of the public sector, which suffers from backward management methods, as well as the spread of the phenomenon of administrative and financial corruption. The research was based on the problem that the Iraqi economy is a rentier economy, meaning that it depends on the oil sector in terms of the gross domestic product and the general budget. Any fluctuation in oil prices will lead to a decline in the gross domestic product and a deficit in the general budget, and weak economic activities. The research hypothesis lies in the fact that the Iraqi economy is directly affected by fluctuations in global markets due to its rentier nature. The research concluded that the Iraqi economy is a rentier economy as it depends on the crude oil sector in terms of oil revenues, which constitute more than (95%) of total public revenues, and oil production constitutes more than (50%) of the gross domestic product, which made it more vulnerable to external fluctuations in global oil markets. The researcher recommends that it is necessary to strive to reform the tax system and advance it to a level that achieves the required economic goals, foremost of which is financing the deficit in the general budget, and then achieving economic and financial stability.
THE ROLE OF TOURISM IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREEN ECONOMY
Authors:   Associate professor of the University of Science and Technology, Uzbekistan, Xamidovna Isaeva Nargiza , qizi Saydalieva Mubina Golib ,   A student of the University of Science and Technology, Uzbekistan
Published: January 2025

This article explores the importance of the green economy concept in modern society and examines the role of the tourism sector in advancing this concept. It highlights how sustainable or “green” tourism addresses critical issues such as environmental conservation, socio-economic stability, and cultural heritage preservation. By maintaining a balance among nature, the economy, and social life, sustainable tourism ensures the wellbeing of future generations. The article provides detailed insights into the inclusion of local community interests, the adoption of modern technologies, the development of environmentally friendly infrastructure, and how economic benefits can be achieved through tourism activities. Using Uzbekistan as a case study, the author analyzes the advantages and future potential of integrating the green economy principles within the tourism sector.
EFFECTIVENESS OF USING " STEP BY STEP" PROGRAM IN PRACTICAL LESSONS IN CHEMISTRY
Authors:   Senior Teacher, Jizzakh state pedagogical university, Uzbekistan, Julboyev To‘lqin
Published: January 2025

In the "Step by step" program, the use of chemistry education in the process of training is based on effective results. The program allows students to develop the necessary ideas in a changing world. Chemistry due to students' creative efforts organizes, directs and evaluates the study of topics suitable for the practical strengthening of chemical theories from science, the study of the sequence of topics.
ROLE OF AUTHENTIC MATERIALS IN ENGLISH WRITING SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Phd student of Karakalpak State University, Uzbekistan, Uzakbaevna Urazimbetova Zuxra
Published: January 2025

In the context of contemporary globalization, proficiency in English is becoming an increasingly crucial skill for academic, professional and social communication. One of the principal objectives of English language learning is the development of writing skills. This process necessitates meticulous attention to be paid to structural elements, stylistic conventions, coherence, and vocabulary. In the past, language teaching was largely based on the use of textbooks and other simplified materials. Nevertheless, in recent years there has been a noticeable increase in the use of authentic materials in the classroom, particularly in the context of English writing skills development. Such materials are defined as those created with the specific intention of facilitating real-world communication, as opposed to being designed with the specific purpose of language learning in mind. This article examines the role of authentic materials in developing proficiency in English writing, discussing their advantages, limitations, and practical methods for integrating them into writing instruction.
TEACHING MATHEMATICS INTERACTIVELY: PRACTICES AND INNOVATIVE APPROACHES
Authors:   Associate Professor at the Department of Pedagogy and Social Work, Termez State University, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Pedagogical Sciences, Uzbekistan, Xayrullayevna Karimova Bibixol
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the role of interactive teaching methods in primary mathematics education. Emphasis is placed on innovative approaches, including gamification, digital tools, and collaborative techniques, to enhance learning outcomes and engagement. By integrating interactive methods, educators can foster creativity, problem-solving skills, and active participation among students. The study also discusses practical examples and their implementation, highlighting the benefits and challenges of interactive teaching in mathematics.
THE ROLE OF THE TRANSFORMATIONAL APPROACH IN DEVELOPING GRAPHIC COMPETENCE IN FUTURE TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION TEACHERS
Authors:   Independent researcher of Fergana State University, Uzbekistan, Bakhodirjonovna Butayeva Gulmira
Published: January 2025

Graphic competence is a crucial component of a technology education teacher's professional skills. This article explores the transformational approach as an effective methodology for fostering graphic competence among future educators. By integrating theoretical perspectives and empirical findings, the article highlights the significance of this approach in developing visualization, design, and interpretation skills. The inclusion of illustrations, tables, and practical recommendations provides a comprehensive understanding of the subject.
CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVELOPING WRITTEN SPEECH OF STUDENTS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
Authors:   Independent Researcher, JDPU, Uzbekistan, Allayorovich Usmonov Umid
Published: January 2025

The importance of working with mentally retarded students is enormous, since each student has their own individual needs and capabilities. Supporting mentally retarded students is important to improve their learning and development process. This article examines the peculiarities of the development of written speech in mentally retarded schoolchildren.
INNOVATIVE TEACHING METHODS FOR DEVELOPING CREATIVE COMPETENCIES IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION STUDENTS
Authors:   Associate Professor, PhD in Pedagogical Sciences at Navoi University of Innovations, Uzbekistan, Mavluda Kubayeva
Published: January 2025

The development of creative competencies is essential for preparing vocational education students to meet the demands of the 21st-century workforce. This article explores innovative teaching methods that enhance creativity among vocational education students, focusing on problem-solving, critical thinking, and adaptability. Key methods include interactive and experiential learning, the integration of digital tools, collaborative projects, and competency-based approaches. A comprehensive analysis of these methods reveals their impact on student engagement, skill acquisition, and overall performance. Recommendations for educators and institutions are also discussed to optimize these approaches in vocational training programs.
THE IMPORTANCE OF ALTERNATIVE EDUCATION
Authors:   Department of Methodology of Teaching Mathematics and Geometry at ChSPU, Uzbekistan, Charos Qodirova
Published: January 2025

Alternative education has emerged as a crucial paradigm in addressing the limitations of traditional educational systems, offering innovative approaches to meet diverse learning needs. Rooted in flexibility and inclusivity, alternative education prioritizes student-centered methodologies, fostering creativity, critical thinking, and personal growth. Unlike conventional education, it adapts to the unique circumstances of learners, accommodating various socioeconomic backgrounds, learning abilities, and cultural contexts. The importance of alternative education lies in its ability to empower students who may struggle within standardized frameworks, including those with special needs, marginalized communities, and gifted individuals seeking more tailored instruction. By promoting a holistic approach, it emphasizes emotional and social development alongside academic achievement. This article explores the conceptual foundation of alternative education, its significance in modern learning environments, and the obstacles hindering its broader implementation. It concludes by offering recommendations to enhance the adoption and effectiveness of alternative education systems in diverse settings.
EFFECTIVE METHODS OF INCREASING THE PHYSICAL FITNESS OF 13-14-YEAR-OLD ATHLETES
Authors:   Namangan State Pedagogical Institute, associate professor, Uzbekistan, Jahongirov Sh.D.
Published: January 2025

In this article, effective methods of improving the physical fitness of 13-14-year-old track and field athletes were studied. Based on the experimental approach, the results of game training and individual approach were analyzed. The results of the study confirmed the high efficiency of new training methods in developing physical qualities such as speed, endurance and strength. In the future, proposals are given for the wide implementation of these methods.
ЕXPЕRIЕNСЕ ОF ОRGАNIZING ЕDUСАTIОNАL PRОСЕSSЕS IN PRIVАTЕ HIGHЕR ЕDUСАTIОN SYSTЕMS IN DЕVЕLОPЕD СОUNTRIЕS
Authors:   University of Business and Science teacher of a non-state higher education institution, Uzbekistan, Abduvalievich Hamdamov Giyosbek
Published: January 2025

Privаtе highеr еduсаtiоn institutiоns (HЕIs) plаy а pivоtаl rоlе in аdvаnсing асаdеmiс еxсеllеnсе аnd innоvаtiоn glоbаlly. This аrtiсlе еxplоrеs thе еxpеriеnсеs аnd prасtiсеs оf privаtе HЕIs in dеvеlоpеd соuntriеs suсh аs thе Unitеd Stаtеs, thе Unitеd Kingdоm, Jаpаn, аnd Singаpоrе. It еxаminеs thеir оrgаnizаtiоnаl strаtеgiеs, tеасhing mеthоdоlоgiеs, аnd аdministrаtivе frаmеwоrks, highlighting shаrеd сhаrасtеristiсs likе flеxibility, industry rеlеvаnсе, аnd glоbаl оutrеасh. Thе disсussiоn аlsо аddrеssеs сhаllеngеs fасеd by thеsе institutiоns аnd prоpоsеs pаthwаys fоr sustаinеd grоwth аnd inсlusivity. Thе insights prоvidе а соmprеhеnsivе undеrstаnding оf hоw privаtе HЕIs соntributе tо shаping glоbаl еduсаtiоn trеnds.
DESIGNING A HUMANISTIC CURRICULUM FOR PHYSICAL EDUCATION MAJOR IN SICHUAN PROVINCE UNIVERSITIES IN CHINA
Authors: KAINING LIU , BIN AB MALIK Dr. ZULEZWAN
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the development of a humanistic curriculum for physical education programs offered to university students in Sichuan Province, China. The research aims to elucidate the roles of humanistic values, student-centered approaches, and holistic curriculum design in fostering multidimensional physical well-being and enhancing teaching practices. A quantitative methodology was employed, collecting data from 403 participants, comprising teachers and students from 26 universities. Structural equation modelling was utilized to analyze the relationships between the pertinent variables. The findings revealed that humanistic values exerted a substantial positive impact on promoting physical well-being (β = 0.398, p < 0.001) and the implementation of teaching practices (β = 0.301, p < 0.001). Similarly, studentcentred approaches positively influenced the promotion of physical well-being (β = 0.213, p = 0.009) and the implementation of practices (β = 0.250, p < 0.001). The holistic curriculum demonstrated a significant effect on the promotion of physical well-being (β = 0.218, p = 0.004), although its influence on the implementation of practices was not statistically significant (β = 0.061, p = 0.536). These factors collectively accounted for 57.3 percent of the variance in the development of humanistic physical education programs. While the findings underscore the strengths in promoting health, fostering teacher-student relationships, and addressing emotional and social well-being, challenges persist in enhancing empathy, community engagement, and personalized learning opportunities. The study underscores the significance of teacher professional development, curriculum content revision, and incorporating student feedback to address these gaps. By addressing these issues, universities can develop more comprehensive physical education programs that holistically nurture students’ physical, emotional, and social development. This research contributes to the expanding body of knowledge on humanistic education and provides practical recommendations for educators, policymakers, and curriculum designers seeking to enhance the quality of higher education physical education programs.
Teniste Maç Analizi
Authors: Özer Ahmet , Serin Emre
Published: January 2025

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'Negation-blind' N400 effect disappears when lexical priming is controlled
Authors: Asami Daiki , Han Chao , Burger Jacob , Dunlop Deanna , Lu Yue , Yahya M Morad Effah , Zhao Chenyue , Hestvik Arild
Published: January 2025

Previous ERP studies showed that false affirmative sentences elicited a larger N400 than their true versions, but they found the reverse pattern when the sentences were of negative form as if N400 was blind to negation. This negation-blind N400 pattern arguably constituted evidence for two-step accounts of negation processing: When processing negative sentences, a comprehender first computes an internal proposition and then considers the negation. However, the prior studies were confounded by a lexical priming relation between subject and object. Therefore, it was an open question whether or not the observed ERP pattern really reflected the two-step process. To tackle this question, we conducted an ERP experiment, using size-comparison statements where subjects and objects are semantically unrelated. This design allowed us to remove the priming confound. We predicted that if the previous negation-blind N400 pattern is unrelated to lexical priming, it would be replicated; if not, it would disappear. The result was consistent with the second prediction. This suggests that the previously observed negation-blind N400 pattern does not necessarily constitute evidence for two-step accounts of negation processing.
Constructing focus alternatives from context and the limits of semantic priming
Authors: Muxica Christian , Harris Jesse
Published: January 2025

Interpreting focus requires a comprehender to identify the set of alternatives intended by the speaker. Previous psycholinguistic research has characterized this process in terms of a two-stage model that initially forms an alternative set via the context-insensitive mechanism of semantic priming (Gotzner et al. 2016, Husband & Ferreira 2016). We have instead advanced a one-stage immediate-access model, in which alternatives are immediately constructed from the discourse context (Muxica & Harris to appear). In two cross-modal probe recognition task experiments, we further test our prediction that the discourse context strongly influences response speed at early moments of focus interpretation. The results are interpreted as uniquely supporting the immediate-access model.
Does ‘a couple’ pattern with scalars or numbers - Insights from inference and ‘so’ tasks
Authors: Qin Erying , Sun Chao , Breheny Richard
Published: January 2025

Previous research establishes that paucal quantifiers like ‘a couple’ are ambiguous between the literal meaning of ‘at least two’ and the enriched meaning understood as conveying a restriction on quantity, the latter of which can be explained by a pragmatic phenomenon, i.e. scalar inference (SI). To address whether this ambiguity patterns with that of scalars or numbers, our Experiment 1 explored the behaviours of ‘a couple’ and scalars with two types of probe questions in inference tasks, and Experiment 2 continued this theme by testing the naturalness rating for ‘a couple’ and scalars in an ‘X so not Y’ construction. The results of our experiments indicate two natures of ‘a couple’: a non-monotonic /cardinal (approximately two) and proportional (a small proportion of).
"Liz can buy a croissant or donut. That’s both together, right?" Distinguishing target Free Choice from non-target Modal Conjunction in Child French
Authors: Cochard Antoine , Van Hout Angeliek , Demirdache Hamida
Published: January 2025

Several acquisition studies have reported that children draw free choice inferences at adult-like rates from modal disjunctive statements. This study explores an alternative explanation for children’s seemingly adult-like behavior: modal conjunction, which shares verifying and falsifying conditions with free choice. However, existing experimental setups were not able to distinguish the two. With our novel design, we were able to set apart modal conjunctive interpreters from genuine free choice interpreters, using a new type of condition: a mutually exclusive context. The results revealed that free choice inferences are not so early acquired as previously thought. In contrast to the earlier studies, only half of the children between 4 and 6 were genuine adult-like free choice interpreters. The other children either show the basic inclusive interpretation of disjunction, or, as hypothesized, a modal conjunctive interpretation.
HIGH-FREQUENCY METHODS FOR CALCULATING SCATTERING CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUND-BASED RADAR OBJECTS OF COMPLEX SHAPE
Authors: Riapolov I. , Kukobko S. , Levischenko Ye.
Published: January 2025

One of the ways to obtain information on the scattering characteristics of ground-based weapons and military equipment in the radar range is mathematical modeling. Mathematical modeling, unlike full-scale and physical experiments, requires significantly less material, organizational and time costs. Radar detection of ground objects is an important component of modern intelligence, surveillance and security systems. They are used to monitor military facilities, vehicles, equipment and personnel on the ground. The main types of radar detection equipment for ground objects are: ground-based radar stations (hereinafter referred to as radars), mobile and portable radars, as well as radar systems installed on board manned or unmanned aircraft.One of the main directions of development of modern offensive weapons and military equipment is the creation of samples of ground (armored) military equipment possessing small values of effective scattering surface. Reduction of radar conspicuity of ground-based military equipment samples is achieved by applying special smoothing forms and covering local areas of the strongest secondary radiation associated with geometro-optical reflection and with scattering on surface fractures with radio-absorbing materials. These measures not only noticeably reduce the energy level of the reflected signal, but also lead to significant changes in other, in particular, polarization characteristics of the target and thus complicate the effective solution of not only detection but also recognition tasks.The article evaluates modern high-frequency methods for calculating the secondary radiation characteristics of complex ground-based radar objects of complex shape by mathematical modeling. The calculation of the scattering characteristics of objects with surface breaks is carried out by preliminary dividing the surface into a smooth part and edge areas of the surface. The considered methods make it possible to evaluate the characteristics of secondary radiation of both a perfectly conductive object located near the boundary of a homogeneous half-space and a ground-based radar object with an imperfectly reflective surface.The application of the presented calculation methods can contribute to obtaining a priori information about the scattering characteristics of ground-based radar objects of complex shape, taking into account such complicating factors as the intra-system interaction “ground object - ground surface”, the presence of radio-absorbing coatings and their complex effect.
Efficacy and safety of reslizumab in severe eosinophilic asthma: a systematic review
Authors:   Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester, United Kingdom, Poladi Sanjana , Rasool Enas ,   Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, Azam Mohammed Bilal ,   Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, Sultana Shaik Naazia ,   Nimra Institute of Medical Science, Jupudi, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India, Korimerla Deepika ,   Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Severe eosinophilic asthma is one of the phenotypes of asthma which is characterised by elevated eosinophil count in blood and sputum, and inadequate control of symptoms even on treatment with bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids. Interleutin-5 is the main inflammatory mediator involved in eosinophilic inflammation in the airways. Reslizumab is an anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody which worls by down regulating the IL-5 signalling pathway, thus reducing the eosinophilic associated inflammation in severe asthma. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of reslizumab in improving lung function and providing symptomatic control in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. Material and method. The literature search was performed using two electronic databases: PubMed and Science Direct. Randomised, double blind, controlled studies comparing the efficacy and safety of Reslizumab versus placebo in patients diagnosed with severe eosinophilic asthma were included in the systematic review. The primary outcome of the review was ‘change in the FEV1 from baseline to end of therapy. The secondary outcomes were changes from baseline in the Asthma Control questionnaire (ACQ), sputum and blood eosinophil counts. Safety outcomes included the incidence of most common adverse events and events that led to treatment discontinuation. Results. The systematic review included 4 research reports with five trials with a total of 1766 patients randomised to reslizumab (1034) and placebo (732). The results from overall analysis suggest that Reslizumab is more effective in improving the FEV1 value when compared to placebo [0.235 vs 0.05 L/s respectively]. Better reductions in ACQ score [-0.834 vs -0.556], sputum and blood eosinophil count [0.404 × 103 vs 0.05 × 103 cells/µL] were found in Reslizumab group when compared to placebo. In terms of safety analyses, no major differences were observed between both the groups. Conclusion. Reslizumab is safe and effective in improving the lung function and reducing the symptoms in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma.
Design and Implementation of a Smart Solar Tracker using Arduino for Enhanced Energy Efficiency
Authors: Saadun Mohd Noor Asril , Kumar Sarveen Narindra Mohan , Che Sidik Nor Azwadi
Published: January 2025

In the universe of solar energy systems, the quest for enhanced energy efficiency has led to the design and implementation of a Smart Solar Tracker using Arduino. This innovative solution leverages advanced control mechanisms to optimize solar panel orientation dynamically, addressing the inherent challenges posed by varying climatic conditions. Traditionally, solar trackers have faced limitations in adapting to changing weather patterns, impacting energy capture efficiency. The Smart Solar Tracker, outlined in this study, overcomes these challenges by integrating Arduino-based technology, demonstrating a robust and strong approach to solar tracking. The main result presented in this work showcases the superior performance of the Smart Solar Tracker, consistently delivering high and stable voltage outputs even in adverse weather conditions. Shows that the implementation of Arduino-based control systems in solar tracking significantly enhances energy efficiency, ensuring consistent power generation across diverse climatic scenarios. This advancement not only underscores the critical role of technology in optimizing renewable energy systems but also positions the Smart Solar Tracker as a promising solution for reliable and resilient solar energy harvesting. In terms of costing smart solar tracker is 3 times higher compared to traditional solar tracker whereas in terms of efficiency smart solar tracker using Arduino is 10 times which is 100 percentage more efficient compared to traditional solar tracker. The smart solar tracker using Arduino efficiency output was 68% which is the highest compared to both solar tracker which is 5% and 27% over 5 days of reading the Smart Solar Tracker. Comparison shows that the smart solar tracker using Arduino is the most efficient. The findings presented specifically lead the way for the broader integration of advanced control mechanisms in renewable energy infrastructure, fostering sustainability in the face of environmental variability.
Experimental Study of Novel Linear Compressor in Refrigeration System
Authors: Jamal Tahir , Rehan Mohd , Majid Mohammed Yousuf , Hussain Taliv , Asif Mohammad
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the performance of linear compressor used in vapour compressor refrigeration systems (VCRS). Conventionally, crank-drive reciprocating compressors or rotary compressors are used in VCRS, but the study deals with the innovative Linear compressor, which has been found to pose many merits in comparison to conventional ones. The objective of this research is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the system's performance characteristics from various perspectives, ultimately contributing to the enhancement of future VCRS designs. The experimental test rig has been meticulously designed and developed, utilizing a simple VCRS that incorporates both a crank drive reciprocating compressor and a spring-based linear compressor. A solenoid valve facilitates the operation of one compressor at a time. The performance of this experimental setup was assessed by varying the air flow speed of the fan mounted on the evaporator, ranging from 1 m/s to 2.5 m/s in increments of 0.5 m/s. Also, the observations were made at different ambient conditions. Performance evaluation was conducted based on key parameters, including power consumption, cooling capacity and the Coefficient of Performance (COP). The refrigerant considered for analysis in this study is R600a, which is used in both crank drive and linear compressors. The experimental results indicate the relative advantages and disadvantages of the spring-based linear compressor over the crank-drive compressor. With a redesigned configuration, it is expected that the linear compressor's overall performance could be further improved.
Effect of Coolant Concentration Ratio on Surface Roughness in Machining Aluminium 6061: A Case Study
Authors: Othman Ali Nur Hanis , Admi Aidid Ezmi , Osman Saliza Azlina , Osman Shahrul Azmir
Published: January 2025

Machining of Aluminium 6061 alloy is critical in various industries, but achieving optimal surface finish while maintaining cost-effectiveness remains a challenge. The concentration of coolants significantly impacts machining characteristics, yet its optimal ratio for specific alloys and processes is not fully understood. This study addresses this gap by investigating the effect of coolant concentration on surface roughness during the machiningof Aluminium 6061 alloy. Two coolants, Coolant A and Coolant B, were evaluated at concentrations of 5%, 7%, 9%, 10% and 11%. The researchemployed a Hision VMC 850 CNC machine with carefully controlled parameters, including a spindle speed of 1500 RPM and specific feed rates. Surface roughness measurements were taken using a Mitutoyo SJ-410 Electronic Surface Roughness tester before and after machining operations.Results demonstrated a clear correlation between increased coolant concentration and improved surface finish for both coolants.
Heat of Combustion and Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate/Sorbitol Solid Propellant with Metal Additives
Authors: Azizi Muhammad Zakwan , Abdul Hamid Ahmad Hussein , Salleh Zuraidah , Abdul Ghaffar Zulkifli , Adnan Alif Abni , Yaacob Izzat Najmi , Salleh Noraafiza , Pardorla Wilfredo Jr. Kintanar
Published: January 2025

Ammonium perchlorate (AP) stands out as the predominant oxidizer in solid rocket propulsion systems, while sorbitol, frequently employed as a fuel in sounding rockets, is expected to generate non-hazardous gases during combustion. This study reports on the effect of sorbitol as potential organic green fuel in addition to additive metals on heat of combustion, thermal properties and specific impulse for ammonium perchlorate based solid propellant. The specific impulse was measured using PROPEP 3.0 (Propellant evaluation program). Solid propellant characterization included measuring energy using a bomb calorimeter and conducting thermal analysis using DSC and TGA. Various compositions were prepared by varying the AP and sorbitol content in the propellant, and additive metals like magnesium and ferrite were introduced. The findings reveal that the formulation of 77% ammonium perchlorate into the 23 % sorbitol releases the optimum combustion energy at 2144.47 KJ/mol and lowers the thermal decomposition temperature of AP to 210.38 °C compared to common AP solid propellant formulation. Meanwhile, the addition of 1 % magnesium metal to the mixture significantly improves the combustion energy, propellant performance, and decreases thermal decomposition temperature of the AP/sorbitol. The addition of 0.05% ferrous oxide shows a catalytic capability to decrease the ignition temperature of the sample to 199.15 °C and merge two exothermic peaks into single peak. The main outcome of this work is, AP can interact synergistically with sorbitol mixed with both additive metals by increase the heat combustion, specific impulse, improve AP sensitivity toward heat and lower the thermal decomposition temperature.
CFD Analysis of Thermal Conditions and Airflow Patterns in Commercial Laundry Facility using ANSYS Fluent Simulation
Authors: Ahmad Aida Husna , Abu Bakar Anis Farhana , Osman Shahrul Azmir
Published: January 2025

This study investigates thermal conditions optimization in a commercial laundry facility through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis using ANSYS Fluent. The research was conducted at Commercial Laundry X in Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia, employing a methodology that integrated experimental measurements with computational modelling. Using advanced instrumentation including Temp Sensor T310, Temp Data Logger H100, Thermal Camera T640, and The VelociCalc Multi-Function Ventilation Meter (Model 9565), the study collected empirical data across strategically positioned sampling locations. The data collected from the equipment and instrumentation were compared with the temperature contours and velocity streamlines generated by the computational model. The validated computational model, exhibiting relative errors consistently below 10%, with lowest relative error of 2.17%, successfully simulated complex airflow patterns and temperature distributions throughout the facility. The thermal analysis revealed that  of the facility's operational areas exceeded recommended comfort temperatures (23°C - 27°C), with the most significant hotspot reaching 37.81°C near dryer units. This thermal concentration was primarily attributed to the combined effect of equipment heat generation and insufficient thermal dissipation, resulting in localized high-temperature zones that significantly impact the working environment. These findings highlight the critical influence of heat-intensive operations on the thermal environment, indicating poor temperature uniformity and inadequate dissipation of heat in these areas. This research focuses on developing a 3D model of a commercial laundry facility, incorporating geometric and operational characteristics. The model is validated by comparing computational results with experimental measurements of temperature contours and velocity profiles. The study provides valuable insights for optimizing ventilation strategies and equipment placement in commercial laundry facilities, contributing to the enhancement of worker comfort and operational efficiency.
Experimentally and Numerical Optimization of the Heating Transfer Performance of a Heatsink using Various Fins Shapes
Authors: Ali Sajjad , Al-Abbas Audai Hussein , Magid Hani Mizhir
Published: January 2025

Effectively dispersing thermal energy from mechanical and electrical components is essential for heatsinks, especially in the rapidly evolving electronics industry. The need for enhanced power efficiency and reduced dimensions has underscored the importance of creating heatsink designs that are both effective and able to maintain performance without necessitating enlargement. A diverse array of studies about heat transfer through convection in finning applications exist. This study used experimental and numerical methods to examine forced convection heat transfer utilizing various fin geometries at air velocities of 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, and 5 m/s. The three configurations of fins are folded, corrugated, and flat plate fins. These fins are meticulously constructed from aluminium for all three configurations. The wind tunnel utilized in this study is constructed with a rectangular cross-section measuring 150x60 cm and a length of 2 m; it is evaluated throughout a range of Reynolds numbers from 21,000 to 45,000. The heat sink's average temperature and fin efficiency are computed for various fin geometries for three distinct heat flux values (80, 100, and 120 W/m²), along with the heat transfer rates. The fins are positioned centrally inside the stream, and the thermal heater is affixed to them; power suppliers furnish the heater and fan. The experimental findings exhibited the overall heat transfer coefficient and efficacy. According to the results, heatsinks with folded fins are deemed superior in shape compared to flat plates and corrugated designs.
Optimizing Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) through Thermal Biomass Conversion into Terra Preta and Hydrogen: A Short Review
Authors: Sazali Norazlianie , Kettner Maurice , Salim Naqib
Published: January 2025

Mitigating climate change and implementing sustainable agricultural practices represent vital global challenges. Innovative solutions like Terra Preta, a biochar-enriched soil amendment, present promising methods to enhance soil health, augment agricultural productivity, and sequester carbon. This review seeks to assess the advancement and optimization of a Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) framework that transforms thermal biomass into Terra Preta and hydrogen, a sustainable energy byproduct. The review involves an examination of CCS technologies, the thermal conversion of biomass, and the prospective advantages of Terra Preta for agriculture and carbon sequestration. The paper outlines experimental design factors for enhancing Terra Preta production and evaluating its impact on agricultural systems. Key findings show that Terra Preta can significantly enhance soil fertility, augment crop yields, and foster resilience to environmental stressors while sequestering carbon. However, long-term field studies are necessary to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of Terra Preta across various agricultural systems and climates. These insights allow the continuous advancement of this innovative technique, which possesses the capacity to enhance sustainable agriculture and mitigate climate change. Subsequent research needs to be focused on enhancing production methodologies, investigating the enduring effects of Terra Preta on soil vitality, and analyzing its contribution to the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Funding proposals for additional research and development will be guided by the findings presented in this review.
Experimental Studies of Enhancing Solar Collector Efficiency by using a Storage Tank Containing Water Pipes and PCM
Authors: Alwan Iqbal Hussein , Kadhim Zena Khalefa
Published: January 2025

Thermal energy storage is a crucial process for retaining heat for future use. This experimental study investigates the integration of a storage tank containing water pipes and phase change materials (PCM) with a solar collector system. By employing paraffin wax (RT-42) as the PCM and leveraging its latent heat storage properties, the enhancement of thermal efficiency and energy storage capabilities in the evacuated tube solar collector is evaluated. Experiments were conducted under varying solar radiation intensity and ambient temperatures in winter and summer conditions. A solar collector and heater were tested for efficiency during winter and summer. The collector was installed at 45.5°S and heated with 120 litres of water. The system's efficiency was enhanced with increased solar radiation and flow rates. The thermal charging of the system took place between 8:00 am and 4:00 pm. The results showed longer hot water supply times at 4 L/m. The effect of adding PCMs and water pipes to solar collector systems was investigated, revealing significant improvements in thermal performance and energy storage. The findings showed an enhancement in temperature stability, with peak temperatures reaching 60°C in winter and 75°C in summer at flow rates of 4, 6, and 8 L/m. Using a storage tank, hot water pipes and PCM, especially paraffin wax, with a latent heat of fusion of 174 kJ/kg improved energy retention and hot water supply. The experiment outcomes showed that the summer hot water supply was twice as high as the winter hot water supply. The study also highlights the importance of improving flow rates to absorb and retain heat efficiently. Overall, the combination of PCM and water pipes enhanced the system efficiency and increased the availability of thermal energy.
An assessment of awareness, knowledge and perception of monkeypox (mpox) disease among internet users in Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Olojede Omotayo , Bakare Damola , Sogbesan Abiodun , Salako Julius , Bakare Ayobami
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study aimed to assess knowledge and perception of mpox among internet users in Nigeria.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey guided by the health belief model (HBM). We assessed participants’ knowledge of mpox in three domains (transmission, signs and symptoms, prevention and treatment) and perception based on five constructs of HBM (susceptibility, severity, benefit, barriers and self-efficacy). We used Mann-Whitney U tests to identify factors associated with perception.
Results: We recruited 277 participants. Most (90.6%) were aware of mpox and social media (39.8%) was the most popular source of information. Across Northern and Southern Nigeria, most respondents (87.7% and 86.7% respectively) identified contact with the body fluid of an infected person (84.9%) as the means of transmission and fever (80.9%) as the most common symptom.  More than half of respondents (52.2%) in both regions had good knowledge scores (≥ mean score of 10). Overall, most respondents perceived mpox to be a serious disease (94.8%) that may require hospitalization (94.2%) but over half (58.9%) believed they were unlikely to be infected. We found no significant relationship between knowledge of mpox and respondents’ demographic characteristics (like age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, religion, income and occupation). However, perceived benefits of adherence to mpox preventive and control strategies were significantly higher among Christian respondents (p=0.014) while perceived self-efficacy was higher among respondents from the North (p=0.049).
Conclusion: Awareness of mpox does not translate to adequate knowledge and risk perception. We recommend intensifying efforts on mpox risk communication through social media.
Pengaruh Cita Rasa, Harga dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen (Studi Kasus Pada Resto Street Sushi Cabang Meruya Jakarta Barat)
Authors: Rahmawati Yuli , Christine C. Widayati  , Didin Hikmah Perkasa
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh menurunnya tingkat kepuasan konsumen di resto Street Sushi cabang Meruya yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya cita rasa, harga dan kualitas pelayanan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui cita rasa terhadap kepuasan konsumen, untuk mengetahui harga terhadap kualitas pelayanan dan untuk mengetahui kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan konsumen di resto Street Sushi cabang Meruy. Pendekatan yang peneliti gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah konsumen resto Street Sushi cabang Meruya yang sudah membeli sushi sebanyak minimal 2 kali dalam 3 bulan dan sampel yang digunakan adalah sebesar 140 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah Component atau Variance Based Structural Equation Model menggunakan program Prtial Least Square (Smart-PLS) versi PLS. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa cita rasa berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen, harga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen dan kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen di resto Street Sushi cabang Meruya.
Problematika Praktik Khitbah Dan Az-Zifaf Dalam Tradisi Perkawinan Masyarakat Melayu Kota Jambi Dalam Perspektif ‘Urf Syar’iyyah
Authors: Purnamasari Rita , Hasril Hasril
Published: January 2025

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini ialah tentang terjadi pergeseran adat dalam melangsungkan resepsi pernikahan di adat Melayu Kota Jambi.Dimana tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Praktik Khitbah dan Az-Zifaf Masyarakat Melayu Kota Jambi, serta bagaimana Pandangan ‘Urf Syar’iyyah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Sosiologis empiris yang sifatnya kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan maka hasil dan kesimpulan sebagai berikut: (1). Praktik Khitbah dalam tradisi perkawinan Masyarakat Melayu Kota Jambi: Duduk Batuik Tegak Batanyo, Seloko, Tepak Sirih, Mencicip Sirih dan Meletak Tando; (2). Tata Cara Az-Zifaf dalam Tradisi Masyarakat Melayu Kota Jambi: Penjemputan Pihak Laki-laki dan Perempuan, Bejawab Kato di Laman dan Nyerak Beras Kunyit, Buka Lanse, Ditimbang dan diayun, Naik Kerumah Bagonjong, Naik Kepelaminan dan Do’a; (3). Pandangan ‘Urf Syar’iyyah Terhadap Praktik Khitbah dan Az-Zifaf Dalam Tradisi Perkawinan Masyarakat Melayu Kota Jambi.Adat pernikahan Melayu Jambi di Kota Jambi merupakan adat yang shahih, karena tidak bertentangan dengan nash al-Quran atau Sunnah dan tidak menghalalkan sesuatu yang haram atau mengharamkan yang halal. Proses pernikahan adat Melayu di Kota Jambi juga sesuai dengan Islam. Prosesnya adalah dengan cara ta`aruf, khitbah,ijab qabul dan walimah.
Strategi Pembelajaran Al-Qur’an Hadis Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Al-Qur’an Siswa Disekolah Menengah Pertama Islam Terpadu Muslimatul Ittihadziah Parit Subulus Salam Desa Pancur Kecamatan Keritang Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Riau
Authors: Hakami Yazid , Musli  , Shalahudin  , Aprizal Wahyudi Diprata
Published: January 2025

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis Strategi Pembelajaran Al-Qur’an Hadis Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Al-Qur’an Siswa Di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Islam Terpadu Muslimatul Ittihadziah Parit Subulus Salam Desa Pancur Kecamatan Keritang Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Riau. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data adalah observasi, Wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah Reduksi data, display data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Pertama, Strategi Pembelajaran Al-Qur'an Hadis di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Islam Terpadu Muslimatul Ittihadziah mencakup tiga metode utama: Metode Iqra', Metode Qira'aty, dan Metode An-Nahdliyah. Ketiga metode ini menciptakan pendekatan komprehensif dalam pengajaran Al-Qur'an, memungkinkan siswa untuk memahami tajwid, penghayatan, dan pemahaman makna Al-Qur'an. Kedua, Kemampuan membaca Al-Qur'an siswa di sekolah ini terlihat meningkat dengan baik. Siswa memiliki kebiasaan shalat dan ibadah, membaca Al-Qur'an setiap hari, berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan keagamaan, memiliki kesadaran etika dan moral yang baik, menunjukkan sikap peduli, dan mendapatkan dukungan dari guru-guru yang berperan dalam pengawasan dan pembinaan.Ketiga ,metode pengajaran Al-Qur'an, yaitu Metode Iqra', Metode Qira'aty, dan Metode An-Nahdliyah, memberikan dampak positif pada pembelajaran Al-Qur'an. Masing-masing memiliki keunggulan sendiri dalam mengembangkan pemahaman siswa tentang Al-Qur'an. Keempat, Faktor pendukung dalam strategi pembelajaran Al-Qur'an dan Hadis mencakup komitmen siswa, ketersediaan sumber belajar, dukungan orang tua, kualitas pengajaran, dan lingkungan sekolah yang mendukung. Sementara faktor penghambat meliputi kurangnya motivasi siswa, keterbatasan sumber daya, teknologi yang terbatas, gangguan lingkungan, dan kesibukan lainnya. Dengan memanfaatkan faktor pendukung dan mengatasi faktor penghambat, sekolah dapat terus meningkatkan kemampuan membaca Al-Qur'an siswa.
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Iklim Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai (Suatu Studi Pada RSUD dr. Slamet Kabupaten Garut)
Authors: Ganjar Febriana , Ridwan S , Avianti Widiya , Fitri Anggraeni Annisa
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis: (1) Gaya Kepemimpinan; (2) Iklim Organisasi; (3) Kinerja Pegawai; serta (4) Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Iklim Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai di RSUD dr. Slamet Kabupaten Garut, baik secara simultan maupun parsial. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei deskriptif dan eksplanatori, dengan unit analisis pegawai RSUD dr. Slamet Kabupaten Garut dan sampel sebanyak 30 orang. Tipe investigasi adalah kausalitas, dengan time horizon cross-sectional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan di RSUD dr. Slamet Kabupaten Garut dinilai cukup baik oleh sebagian besar pegawai. Iklim organisasi juga dianggap baik, dan kinerja pegawai dinilai baik. Gaya kepemimpinan dan iklim organisasi secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai. Namun, secara parsial, gaya kepemimpinan memiliki pengaruh yang lebih dominan terhadap kinerja dibandingkan iklim organisasi. Dengan demikian, untuk meningkatkan kinerja pegawai, RSUD dr. Slamet Kabupaten Garut disarankan untuk mempertahankan gaya kepemimpinan yang sudah ada, sehingga pegawai dapat bekerja lebih profesional.