bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of lower hemoglobin levels with depression, though not with cognitive performance, in healthy elderly men
Authors: Chen Hsi‐Han , Yeh Heng‐Liang , Tsai Shih‐Jen
Published: May 2012

Lower hemoglobin (Hb) levels are a common feature in the elderly. The present study recruited 180 healthy elderly men. Participants were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument Chinese version, and the Wechsler Digit Span Task test. The mean age of the participants was 85.8 years (SD = 10.5). Pearson's correlation tests demonstrated that Hb concentrations negatively correlated with Geriatric Depression Scale (r = −0.245, P = 0.001), but did not correlate with Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument, Forward or Backward Digit Span tests. Lower Hb levels, therefore, were associated with depression in the elderly men.
Pilot study of deep brain stimulation in refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder ethnic Chinese patients
Authors: Tsai Hsin‐Chi , Chang Chun‐Hung , Pan Jiann‐I , Hsieh Hung‐Jen , Tsai Sheng‐Tzung , Hung Hsiang‐Yi , Chen Shin‐Yuan
Published: May 2012

Aims:  Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS) is a promising alternative to ablative surgery in treatment of refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). A pilot study was conducted to assess 15‐month outcomes of DBS in patients with refractory OCD in Taiwan.

Methods:  Four adult patients with a 3‐year or more history of refractory OCD (Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale [Y‐BOCS] score of at least 28) met the criteria for DBS surgery. DBS electrodes were implanted bilaterally in the VC/VS. Stimulation was adjusted for therapeutic benefit and absence of adverse effects. Psychiatric evaluation was conducted preoperatively, postoperatively, and at follow up at every 3 months for 15 months. Primary outcome measure was Y‐BOCS. Secondary outcomes included the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM‐D), and the Global Assessment of Function Scale.

Results:  Mean severity of OCD was a Y‐BOCS score of 36.3 ± 2.1. At the end of 15 months' follow up, there was a 33.06% decrease in OCD severity (P = 0.001). Similar findings were seen for HAM‐D (32.51% reduction, P = 0.005), and Global Assessment of Function Scale (31.03% increase, P = 0.026). In terms of adverse effects, two patients suffered from hypomania episodes after several weeks of DBS stimulation, and one had transient hypomania‐like syndrome during DBS initial programming. One patient (Case 1) had an allergic reaction to implantation of the pulse generator in the chest, and another patient (Case 3) exhibited vertigo.

Conclusions:  We confirm that DBS of the VC/VS appears to be beneficial for improvements in function and mood among patients with treatment‐resistant OCD. Compared to previous studies examining the therapeutic effects of DBS, no serious adverse effects were observed.
Novel biochemical manipulation of brain serotonin reveals a role of serotonin in the circadian rhythm of sleep–wake cycles
Authors: Nakamaru‐Ogiso Eiko , Miyamoto Hiroyuki , Hamada Kozo , Tsukada Koji , Takai Katsuji
Published: May 2012

Serotonin (5‐HT) neurons have been implicated in the modulation of many physiological functions, including mood regulation, feeding, and sleep. Impaired or altered 5‐HT neurotransmission appears to be involved in depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as in sleep disorders. To investigate brain 5‐HT functions in sleep, we induced 5‐HT deficiency through acute tryptophan depletion in rats by intraperitoneally injecting a tryptophan‐degrading enzyme called tryptophan side chain oxidase I (TSOI). After the administration of TSOI (20 units), plasma tryptophan levels selectively decreased to 1–2% of those of controls within 2 h, remained under 1% for 12–24 h, and then recovered between 72 and 96 h. Following plasma tryptophan levels, brain 5‐HT levels decreased to ∼30% of the control level after 6 h, remained at this low level for 20–30 h, and returned to normal after 72 h. In contrast, brain norepinephreine and dopamine levels remained unchanged. After TSOI injection, the circadian rhythms of the sleep–wake cycle and locomotive activity were lost and broken into minute(s) ultradian alternations. The hourly slow‐wave sleep (SWS) time significantly increased at night, but decreased during the day, whereas rapid eye movement sleep was significantly reduced during the day. However, daily total (cumulative) SWS time was retained at the normal level. As brain 5‐HT levels gradually recovered 48 h after TSOI injection, the circadian rhythms of sleep–wake cycles and locomotive activity returned to normal. Our results suggest that 5‐HT with a rapid turnover rate plays an important role in the circadian rhythm of sleep–wake cycles.
Comparative metatranscriptomics reveals widespread community responses during phenanthrene degradation in soil
Authors: de Menezes Alexandre , Clipson Nicholas , Doyle Evelyn
Published: May 2012

Soil microbial community response to phenanthrene was evaluated by metatranscriptomics. A marked increase in transcripts involved in aromatic compound metabolism, respiration and stress responses, and concurrent decreases in virulence, carbohydrate, DNA metabolism and phosphorus metabolism transcripts was revealed. Phenanthrene addition led to a 1.8‐fold to 33‐fold increase in the abundance of dioxygenase, stress response and detoxification transcripts, whereas those of general metabolism were little affected. Heavy metal P‐type ATPases and thioredoxin transcripts were more abundant in the phenanthrene‐amended soil, and this is the first time these proteins have been associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) stress in microorganisms. Annotation with custom databases constructed with bacterial or fungal PAH metabolism protein sequences showed that increases in PAH‐degradatory gene expression occurred for all gene groups investigated. Taxonomic determination of mRNA transcripts showed widespread changes in the bacteria, archaea and fungi, and the actinobacteria were responsible for most of the de novo expression of transcripts associated with dioxygenases, stress response and detoxification genes. This is the first report of an experimental metatranscriptomic study detailing microbial community responses to a pollutant in soil, and offers information on novel in situ effects of PAHs on soil microbes that can be explored further.
Is inferior mesenteric artery ligation during sigmoid colectomy for diverticular disease associated with increased anastomotic leakage? A meta‐analysis of randomized and non‐randomized clinical trials
Authors: Cirocchi R. , Trastulli S. , Farinella E. , Desiderio J. , Listorti C. , Parisi A. , Noya G. , Boselli C.
Published: May 2012

Aim  A meta‐analysis was conducted to compare preservation with ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) during sigmoidectomy for diverticular disease.

Method  Randomized and non‐randomized clinical trials were identified using the following electronic databases: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, BioMed Central, Science Citation Index, Greynet, SIGLE, National Technological Information Service, British Library Integrated Catalogue. The analysed end‐points were the anastomotic leakage rate, overall morbidity and 30‐day postoperative mortality.

Results  Four studies were included involving 400 patients. The anastomotic leakage rate was 7.3% in the preservation group and 11.3% in the ligation group. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.11–4.76; P = 0.73). Overall morbidity and 30‐day postoperative mortality were not compared since these data were reported in only one study.

Conclusion  The meta‐analysis did not show any advantage for preservation of the IMA during sigmoid colectomy for diverticular disease in terms of anastomotic leakage.
Single‐incision laparoscopy for colorectal resection: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of more than a thousand procedures
Authors: Maggiori L. , Gaujoux S. , Tribillon E. , Bretagnol F. , Panis Y.
Published: May 2012

Aim  Single‐incision laparoscopy for colorectal surgery is of growing importance. The experience of colorectal resection through single‐incision laparoscopic surgery was assessed, including the patient outcomes.

Method  A meta‐analysis was performed of studies comparing single‐incision laparoscopic with multiport laparoscopy. Endpoints included conversion to laparotomy, operation time, postoperative morbidity, length of skin incision and length of hospital stay. The MEDLINE database was searched and only comparative studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Data were retrieved from full‐text manuscripts. Meta‐analysis was performed according to the Mantel–Haenszel method for random effects.

Results  From October 2008 to December 2011, 1026 colorectal resections including 921 colonic and 105 rectal procedures using single‐incision laparoscopic surgery were reported in 64 studies. Meta‐analysis of the 15 comparative studies, including a total of 1075 procedures (494 single‐incision and 581 multiport laparoscopies), showed no difference in conversion to open laparotomy [odds ratio (OR) 0.58 (0.24, 1.38); P = 0.22], morbidity [OR 0.84 (0.61, 1.15); P = 0.27] or operation time [weighted mean difference (WMD) −0.27 (−6.50, 5.95); P = 0.93], but a significantly shorter total skin incision [WMD −0.52 (−0.79, −0.25); P < 0.001] and a significantly shorter postoperative length of stay [WMD −0.75 (−1.30, −0.20); P = 0.008] after single‐incision laparoscopic surgery compared with a multiport laparoscopic approach.

Conclusion  Although only 15 nonrandomized comparative studies of varying methodology have been reported, this systematic review and meta‐analysis of more than 1000 colorectal procedures suggest that single‐incision laparoscopic colorectal surgery is feasible and safe.
Successful medical treatment of an orbital osteoma in a dog
Authors: Grozdanic Sinisa , Riedesel Elizabeth A. , Ackermann Mark R.
Published: May 2012

A 6‐year‐old neutered male German Shepherd‐mixed breed with a 2‐month history of bilateral conjunctival hyperemia, epiphora, and a firm, slowly progressive swelling of the medial canthal region of the left eye (OS) was examined. Ophthalmic examination OS revealed a firm and smooth mass, extending from the medial canthus toward the medial orbital wall. Indirect ophthalmoscopy revealed indentation of the nasal part OS, which corresponded to the position of the orbital mass. Orbital neoplastic diseases were the main differential considerations. Computerized tomography revealed a bony smooth orbital mass without bone destructive features. Biopsy was performed, and histologic features were suggestive of osteoma. Systemic nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory (NSAID) drugs resulted in complete mass regression and absence of clinical signs for 5 years following initial diagnosis. This report describes the first case of canine orbital osteoma, which was responsive to NSAIDs.
From Homo economicus to Complex Subjectivities: Reconceptualizing Farmers as Pesticide Users
Authors: Galt Ryan E.
Published: May 2012

Abstract:  Through empirical analysis and theory, this paper critiques technocratic regimes of protection vis à vis pesticide use, which are efforts limited to technical rationality and didactic communication of pesticide risks that model pesticide users as self‐responsible individuals (ie Homo economicus). Data reveal that knowledge of pesticide risk does not translate into greater protective gear use, within the Costa Rican case presented and more broadly. This circumstance, across first and third world contexts, leads me to develop a more holistic conceptualization of farmers’ subjectivities that highlights numerous constraints—informational, political economic, cultural, individual, and environmental—to which farmers are subject. This conceptualization reveals the inadequacy of most efforts to address farmers’ protective gear use, and leads me to propose a multi‐tiered solution to pesticide problems, including an industrial hygiene approach and fostering subjectivities through participatory research involving pesticide users.
AN EXPERIMENT ON CORRUPTION AND GENDER
Authors: Rivas M. Fernanda
Published: May 2012

A number of papers with field data have found differences in the corrupt activities of males and females; nonetheless they have drawbacks that may be overcome in a laboratory experiment. The aim of this paper is to see experimentally whether women and men, facing the same situation behave in a different way, as suggested in the field‐data studies or, on the contrary, whether they behave in the same way. The results found in the experiment show that women are indeed less corrupt than men.
Alterations of platelet function and clot formation kinetics after in vitro exposure to anti‐A and ‐B
Authors: Refaai Majed A. , Carter Jessie , Henrichs Kelly F. , Davidson Donna C. , Pollock Stephen J. , Casey Ann E. , Spinelli Sherry L. , Phipps Richard P. , Francis Charles W. , Blumberg Neil
Published: May 2012

BACKGROUND: ABO‐mismatched platelets (PLTs) are commonly transfused despite reported complications. We hypothesized that because PLTs possess A and B antigens on their surface, ABO‐mismatched transfused or recipient PLTs could become activated and/or dysfunctional after exposure to anti‐A or ‐B in the transfused or recipient plasma. We present here in vitro modeling data on the functional effects of exposure of PLTs to ABO antibodies.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PLT functions of normal PLTs of all ABO types were assessed before and after incubation with normal saline, ABO‐identical plasma samples, or O plasma samples with varying titers of anti‐A and anti‐B (anti‐A/B). Assays used for this assessment include PLT aggregation, clot kinetics, thrombin generation, PLT cytoskeletal function, and mediator release.

RESULTS: Exposure of antigen‐bearing PLTs to O plasma with moderate to high titers of anti‐A/B significantly inhibits aggregation, prolongs PFA‐100 epinephrine closure time, disrupts clot formation kinetics, accelerates thrombin generation, reduces total thrombin production, alters PLT cytoskeletal function, and influences proinflammatory and prothrombotic mediator release.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate a wide range of effects that anti‐A/B have on PLT function, clot formation, thrombin generation, PLT cytoskeletal function, and mediator release. These data provide potential explanations for clinical observations of increased red blood cell utilization in trauma and surgical patients receiving ABO‐nonidentical blood products. Impaired hemostasis caused by anti‐A/B interacting with A and B antigens on PLTs, soluble proteins, and perhaps even endothelial cells is a potential contributing factor to hemorrhage in patients receiving larger volumes of ABO‐nonidentical transfusions.
Acute and Late Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) for the Treatment of Severe Symptomatic Aortic Stenosis in Patients at High‐ and Low‐Surgical Risk
Authors: SCHYMIK GERHARD , SCHRÖFEL HOLGER , SCHYMIK JAN S. , WONDRASCHEK RAINER , SÜSELBECK TIM , KIEFER RÜDIGER , BALTHASAR VERONIKA , LUIK ARMIN , POSIVAL HERBERT , SCHMITT CLAUS
Published: May 2012

Background:

This prospective study examines the impact of EuroSCORE and transfemoral (TF) or transapical (TA) delivery approach on mortality at 30 days and 1 year in patients with severe aortic stenosis implanted with either the Edwards SAPIEN Transcatheter Heart Valve (THV) or Medtronic CoreValve.

Methods and Results:

TAVI was successfully performed in 293 (97.7%) of 300 patients (TF: 174, TA: 126, mean EuroSCORE 24.0). The mortality at 30 days and after 1 year was 6.0% and 17.3%. Mortality depends significantly on the logistic EuroSCORE with a 30‐day odds ratio (OR) of 1.92 (95% CI 1.41 to 2.62, P < 0.001) and after 1 year of 1.67 (95% CI 1.34 to 2.08, P < 0.001). Mortality in patients with a logistic EuroSCORE <15 (n = 113) or ≥15 (n = 187) at 30 days was 0.9% versus 9.1% and after 1 year 7.1% versus 23.5% demonstrating significantly less mortality (P < 0.001) in patients with lower logistic EuroSCOREs. In this specific setup of our center there was no significant difference (P = 0.553) in mortality regarding the technical approach for TA (4.0% and 15.9%) and for TF (7.5% and 18.4%). Severe cardiac complications occurred in 20 patients (6.7%) with a 30‐day mortality of 45.0%.

Conclusion:

The mortality in patients undergoing TAVI correlates significantly with the logistic EuroSCORE. Patients with a logistic EuroSCORE <15 can be implanted, with a low 30‐day mortality and good long‐term outcome over 1 year. (J Interven Cardiol 2012;25:364–374)
Effect of air polishing with glycine powder on titanium abutment surfaces
Authors: Cochis Andrea , Fini Milena , Carrassi Antonio , Migliario Mario , Visai Livia , Rimondini Lia
Published: May 2012

Objective

The aim of the present study was to evaluate morphological changes induced by glycine powder air polishing on titanium surfaces and its effect on bacteria recolonization in comparison with sodium bicarbonate powder.

Materials and methods

5 mm wide and 1 mm thick titanium grade II disks were divided into three groups of treatments: (i) no treatment; (ii) air polishing with glycine powder; (iii) air polishing with sodium bicarbonate powder. Specimens were characterized by laser profilometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and then installed onto removable appliances worn for 24 h by healthy volunteers. Surface contamination was evaluated using SEM and counting the number of colony forming units (CFU).

Results

SEM observation revealed an increased roughness with the formation of craters on samples treated with sodium bicarbonate powder, while not in glycine ones. Statistical analysis failed to show significant differences of both Ra and Rmax parameters in treated groups. SEM observation of specimens surfaces, after 24 h of permanence in the oral cavity, showed a higher contamination of the disks treated with sodium bicarbonate compared with those not treated (P < 0.05). Conversely, the group treated with glycine showed the lower contamination if compared with bicarbonate‐treated group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Air polishing with glycine powder may be considered as a better method to remove plaque from dental implant because glycine is less aggressive than sodium bicarbonate powder. Moreover, the use of glycine powder seems to have an active role on the inhibition of bacterial recolonization of implants in a short test period (24 h). Further studies are needed to demonstrate the bacteriostatic properties of glycine, envisaged on the basis of reduced contamination of the disks polished with glycine compared with those not treated.
Eighteenth‐Century Verse Miscellanies
Authors: Batt Jennifer
Published: May 2012

Thousands of verse collections containing the works of multiple authors were published in the 18th century. This essay offers a guide to recent scholarship on these collections of ‘poems by several hands’. It provides an overview of the many different kinds of miscellany and anthology that were produced, before exploring what these publications might reveal about the 18th‐century literary landscape. It considers what miscellanies and anthologies contribute to our understanding of authorship and anonymity, genre, canon formation and the literary past, women writers, and regionalism and nationalism. It then investigates what these texts reveal about 18th‐century reading practices, and about the workings of the 18th‐century book trade. The essay concludes with an account of an important current research project, the Digital Miscellanies Index.
Dispersal, philopatry, and the role of fission‐fusion dynamics in bottlenose dolphins
Authors: Tsai Yi‐Jiun Jean , Mann Janet
Published: May 2012

Abstract

In this quantitative study of locational and social dispersal at the individual level, we show that bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) continued to use their natal home ranges well into adulthood. Despite substantial home range overlap, mother–offspring associations decreased after weaning, particularly for sons. These data provide strong evidence for bisexual locational philopatry and mother–son avoidance in bottlenose dolphins. While bisexual locational philopatry offers the benefits of familiar social networks and foraging habitats, the costs of philopatry may be mitigated by reduced mother–offspring association, in which the risk of mother–daughter resource competition and mother–son mating is reduced. Our study highlights the advantages of high fission–fusion dynamics and longitudinal studies, and emphasizes the need for clarity when describing dispersal in this and other species.
Digital photography as source documentation of skin toxicity: An analysis from the Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Group (TROG) 04.01 Post‐Mastectomy Radiation Skin Care Trial
Authors: Graham Peter H , Plant Natalie A , Graham Jennifer Louise , Browne Lois H , Borg Martin , Capp Anne , Delaney Geoff P , Harvey Jennifer , Kenny Lizbeth , Francis Michael , Zissiadis Yvonne
Published: May 2012

Introduction: This study evaluated digital photographs as a method of providing auditable source documentation for radiotherapy‐induced skin toxicity and the possibility therefore of centralised, blinded scoring for a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Methods: Digital photograph sets from the first five patients from each of 12 participating centres were audited. Minimum camera specifications and photograph requirements were protocol specified. Three readers rated photographs for four key quality items. They also scored skin reactions according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) v3.0 acute skin score and also for the presence of any moist desquamation.

Results: Five hundred fifty‐two images were available. Field of view was scored as inadequate in 1–10%, focus inadequate in 0.4–4%, lighting inadequate in 0.2–3% and dividing line marking inadequate for scoring of skin reactions within sectors in 18–23% of photographs by three readers. Reader pairwise inter‐observer agreement was 83–88% for CTC acute skin scores, but the kappa value ranged from 0.58 to 0.73. The percentage of image sectors not scored by readers due to difficulty in assessing was 1–10%. Moist desquamation was scored by clinicians in 8 (medial)–13% (lateral) of patients compared with 3–5% and 5–11% by readers.

Conclusion: Photo reader inter‐observer agreement is only moderate. Photo readers tended to underscore the frequency of moist desquamation, but the trend by sector parallels the clinical scorers. Photographs are useful source documents for auditing and monitoring, but not a replacement for clinical scoring.
MRI in spinal cord decompression sickness
Authors: Hennedige Tiffany , Chow Weien , Ng Yew Yee , Chung‐Tsing Gregory C , Lim Tchoyoson CC , Kei Pin Lin
Published: May 2012

Introduction: Spinal cord decompression sickness (DCS) is a rare condition that can lead to spinal cord infarction. Despite the low incidence of diving‐related DCS, we have managed to collect the data and MRI findings of seven patients who have been diagnosed with and treated for DCS in our local hyperbaric facility. This study describes the clinical presentation, MRI spinal cord findings, treatment administered and outcome of these patients.

Methods: The patient medical records, from 1997 to 2007, were retrospectively reviewed. All patients with a final diagnosis of DCS and who underwent examination were included. The images were independently reviewed by two radiologists who recorded the location and number of lesions within the spinal cord. The Frankel grading was used to assess the initial and clinical outcome response.

Results: Patchy‐increased T2W changes affecting several levels at the same time were found. Contrary to the popular notion that venous infarction is the leading cause of DCS, most of our patients also demonstrated affliction of grey matter, which is typically seen in an arterial pattern of infarction. Initial involvement of multiple (>6) spinal cord levels was associated with a poor outcome. Patients who continued to have multiple neurological sequelae with less than 50% resolution of symptoms despite recompression treatment were also those who had onset of symptoms within 30 min of resurfacing.

Conclusions: DCS is probably a combination of both arterial and venous infarction. Short latency to the onset of neurological symptoms and multilevel cord involvement may be associated with a poorer outcome.
Disseminated tumour cells in bone marrow of patients with uveal melanoma
Authors: Eide Nils , Hoifødt Hanne K. , Nesland Jahn M. , Faye Ragnar S. , Qvale Geir A. , Faber Rowan T. , Jebsen Peter , Kvalheim Gunnar , Fodstad Øystein
Published: May 2012

Purpose:  Approximately 50% of patients with uveal melanomas develop metastases. Thus, it is important to improve our understanding of how melanoma metastases develop.

Methods:  As part of a uveal melanoma micrometastasis study, we compared the detection rates of immunomagnetically selected (IMS) tumour cells in bone marrow (BM) with positively stained tumour cells using immunocytochemistry (ICC). Bone marrow mononuclear cells were isolated. Immunocytochemistry cytospin preparations were immunocytochemically stained in parallel with two different melanoma antibodies, 9.2.27 and HMB45. Using IMS, melanoma cells were selected from BM mononuclear cell fractions using immunomagnetic beads coated with the 9.2.27 antibody and identified by light microscopy.

Results:  In cytospin preparations from 226 patients, melanoma cells were detected in 24 (10.6%), 10 with 9.2.27 and 17 with the HMB45 antibody. In three cases, we found positive cells with both antibodies. Six of the 226 (2.6%) patients that stained positively with ICC died with metastatic disease, all also positive with IMS. Sixty‐six (29.2%) patients had positive BM samples with IMS at the first examination. Immunomagnetic selection (IMS) was positive in 36.8% of the 57 patients who later developed clinical metastases. Twenty‐one IMS‐positive patients and 31 IMS‐negative patients died of metastases, in total 52 of 226 patients (23.0%). The mortality rate of melanoma metastasis was 24% (6/24) after at least 4 ½ years in ICC‐positive patients compared to 38.5% (20/52) in IMS‐positive patients.

Conclusion:  The presence of melanoma cells in BM of patients with uveal melanoma is documented in our study with IMS and ICC. Immunomagnetically selected is more sensitive than ICC in detecting tumour cells in BM. However, statistically, we did not find any prognostic impact of the presence of melanoma cells in BM.
Russell body gastritis presented as a colliding lesion with a gastric adenocarcinoma: A case report
Authors: Choi Jiwoon , Eun Lee Hee , Byeon Sun‐ju , Nam Kyung Han , Kim Min A , Kim Woo Ho
Published: May 2012

Russell body gastritis (RBG) is a rare gastric mucosal lesion comprising numerous Russell body‐containing plasma cells (Mott cells). Early gastric cancer was discovered during a routine health checkup of a 55‐year‐old man treated with esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Endoscopic submucosal dissection and a histological examination revealed well‐differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma and RBG. The two lesions were contiguous but not intermingled. Helicobacter pylori infection was also identified. Immunohistochemically, Mott cells of RBG manifested λ‐light chain restriction. However, polymerase chain reaction analysis did not reveal IgH gene rearrangement. Epstein–Barr virus encoded RNA in situ hybridization showed no Epstein–Barr virus infection in cancer or Mott cells. Thus, two distinct RBG features are demonstrated: coexistence with early gastric cancer and λ‐light chain restriction. The proliferation of Mott cells with light chain restriction may be due to a chronic hyperinflammatory response caused by H. pylori infection. However, it is unclear whether RBG is associated with gastric carcinoma.
Study of incidence and pattern of rare tumors of breast: Study in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Deepak Kumar B. , Vinaya Kumari C. M.
Published: May 2012

Background and aim: Breast lesions, though more common than most other organ lesions, still deserve a special place in every pathologists mind because of their diversity. Lesions in the breast vary from simple fibroadenoma to various commoner carcinomas like infiltrating ductal carcinomas, to rarer entities, such as angiosarcoma, hemangiopericytoma, nodular hidradenoma, pleomorphic variant of lobular carcinoma, medullary carcinomas and carcinoid tumors; which can be compared to “an oasis in the desert”. Methods: A 3‐year retrospective study was carried out to evaluate the incidence and pattern of rare breast lesions in an upcoming teaching hospital, along with clinicohistopathological correlation. Specimens were preserved in 10% formalin and processed in a routine manner. Hematoxylin–eosin sections were studied and a morphological diagnosis was reached. Results: Some rare entities, namely pleomorphic variant of lobular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, tubular carcinoma, apocrine carcinoma, cribriform carcinoma, anaplastic carcinoma, occult breast carcinoma, hemangiopericytoma, angiosarcoma, carcinoid tumor and nodular hidradenoma, were diagnosed. A brief review of published work of the various rare entities encountered in the present study was also made. Conclusions: It is imperative to be vigilant during microscopic diagnosis so that rare tumors are not missed.
Anti‐Tumor Effects and Pharmacokinetics of S‐40542, a Novel Non‐Steroidal Anti‐Androgen, in Mice
Authors: NEJISHIMA Hiroaki , YAMAMOTO Noriko , SUZUKI Mika , FURUYA Kazuyuki , MIMURA Mitsuo , YAMADA Shizuo
Published: May 2012

Objectives: The current study was undertaken to explore novel anti‐androgens. We investigated a series of tetrahydroquinoline compounds and identified 1‐(8‐nitro‐3a,4,5,9b‐tetrahydro‐3H‐cyclopenta[c]quinolin‐4‐yl)ethane‐1,2‐diol (S‐40542).

Methods: Affinity for androgen receptor of S‐40542 was evaluated in receptor binding assay. Effects of repeated treatment with S‐40542 and bicalutamide on prostate weight were examined in mice subcutaneously treated for 14days. Efficacy of S‐40542 and bicalutamide against prostate cancer was evaluated in an androgen‐dependent prostate cancer xenograft model using KUCaP‐2 cell line. Plasma concentrations of these agents in mice after oral and subcutaneous administration were measured by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) system.

Results: S‐40542 displayed twofold higher affinity to androgen receptor than bicalutamide in vitro. Subcutaneous repeated administration of S‐40542 (10–100 mg/kg) significantly reduced the prostate weight. Oral repeated treatment with S‐40542 (30, 100 mg/kg) for 28 days significantly suppressed growth of KUCaP‐2 tumor. Similar administration of bicalutamide also exerted significantly anti‐tumor effect in the model. The serum prostate‐specific antigen level was little influenced by the S‐40542 treatment, while significantly decreased by bicalutamide. Oral treatment with S‐40542 resulted in a dose‐dependent elevation of the plasma concentration, and its Cmax and AUC were much lower than those of bicalutamide. The pharmacokinetic study showed that this agent had relatively short plasma half‐life and low oral bioavailability.

Conclusion: S‐40542 as well as bicalutamide has shown as an anti‐androgen by reducing the prostate weight of mice. Repeated oral treatment with S‐40542 was shown to significantly suppress tumor growth in the KUCaP‐2 xenograft model.
Influence of phosphoric acid etching on microleakage of a self‐etch adhesive and a self‐adhering composite
Authors: Rengo C , Goracci C , Juloski J , Chieffi N , Giovannetti A , Vichi A , Ferrari M
Published: May 2012

Background:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of preliminary phosphoric acid etching on the microleakage of a self‐adhering flowable composite and a self‐etch adhesive used in combination with the proprietary flowable composite.

Methods:  Standard Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal side of 20 extracted sound human molars. Specimens were randomly divided into five groups: (1) Gel Etchant/Optibond FL/Premise Flowable; (2) Vertise Flow; (3) Optibond XTR/Premise Flowable; (4) Gel Etchant/Vertise Flow; and (5) Gel Etchant/Optibond XTR/Premise Flowable (Kerr). The interfacial sealing ability of the materials was evaluated by scoring the depth of silver nitrate penetration and through scanning electron microscopy observations. Differences in leakage at either the enamel or the dentine interface were evaluated for statistical significance (Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA, Mann–Whitney U test, p < 0.05).

Results:  At the enamel interface, no significant differences were found among the materials. On dentine, Gel Etchant/Vertise Flow had the highest leakage scores and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:  The early sealing ability of the self‐adhering flowable composite and the self‐etch adhesive in Class V restorations did not significantly benefit from selective enamel etching. Preliminary phosphoric acid etching of dentine negatively affected the quality of the seal when using the adhesive‐free flowable composite.
Root caries and diabetes: risk assessing to improve oral and systemic health outcomes
Authors: Garton BJ , Ford PJ
Published: May 2012

This report reviews the current understanding of the relationship between diabetes and root caries, and investigates the evidence for dental chairside testing of gingival crevicular blood (GCB) glucose levels to assess risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is linked with the progression of periodontal disease and a greater number of exposed root surfaces at risk for root caries. The rapidly increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes coupled with a general trend towards retention of teeth means that the number of patients with increased risk for root caries is expanding significantly. Many patients with diabetes or abnormal blood glucose levels are unaware of their condition or that they are at increased risk for oral disease. Systemic blood glucose concentrations are comparable to those found in GCB and therefore may be a useful adjunctive clinical aid in determining appropriate care for patients and providing timely referrals to general medical practitioners. Use of GCB testing within the dental clinic is described. It is proposed that future studies be undertaken to provide clinicians with improved risk assessment strategies and to evaluate GCB glucose screening models.
Intestinal permeability and complications in liver cirrhosis: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Benjamin Jaya , Singla Vikas , Arora Indu , Sood Seema , Joshi Yogendra Kumar
Published: May 2012

Aim:  Increased intestinal permeability (IP) has been implicated as an important factor for bacterial translocation (BT), leading to bacteremia and endotoxemia, resulting in various septic complications, variceal bleeding (VB), hepatic encephalopathy (HE), hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) and death in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). This study was planned to assess IP in patients with LC and follow them for the occurrence of complications.

Methods:  Patients with Child B and C cirrhosis without a history of disease‐related complications were followed up for 6 months. IP was measured by lactulose and mannitol excretion ratio (LMR) in patients and 50 healthy controls (HC). Serum endotoxin levels were also assessed in 48 patients and 20 HC.

Results:  Eighty patients (74 male), 41 (51.3%) Child B and 56 (70%) Child C, with a mean age of 40.7 ± 9.8 years were enrolled. IP was increased in 28 (35%) patients. LMR of patients was higher than HC (patients vs HC = 0.0238 [0.0010–1.557] vs 0.0166 [0.0018–0.720]; P = 0.007]. No significant difference was seen in the LMR of patients among various Child classes and etiologies. Serum endotoxin levels (GMU/mL) were higher in patients than HC (patients vs HC = 1.42 [0.68–2.13] vs 0.994 [0.067–1.382]; P = 0.001), but comparable between patients with abnormal and normal IP. At follow up, there was no significant difference in the incidence of complications like spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, HRS, VB, HE and death between patients with abnormal and normal IP.

Conclusion:  IP was increased in 35% of patients with LC; however, it was not associated with a higher incidence of disease‐related complications.
Intensity‐Modulated and Image‐Guided Radiation Therapy for Treatment of Genitourinary Carcinomas in Dogs
Authors: Nolan M.W. , Kogan L. , Griffin L.R. , Custis J.T. , Harmon J.F. , Biller B.J. , LaRue S.M.
Published: May 2012

Background

External beam radiation therapy can be used to treat pelvic tumors in dogs, but its utility is limited by lack of efficacy data and associated late complications.

Hypothesis/Objectives

The objective of this study was to assess local tumor control, overall survival, and toxicosis after intensity‐modulated and image‐guided radiation therapy (IM/IGRT) for treatment of genitourinary carcinomas (CGUC) in dogs.

Animals

21 client‐owned dogs.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed. Medical records of dogs for which there was intent to treat with a course of definitive‐intentIM/IGRTforCGUCbetween 2008 and 2011 were reviewed. Descriptive and actuarial statistics comprised the data analysis.

Results

Primary tumors were located in the prostate (10), urinary bladder (9), or urethra (2). The total radiation dose ranged from 54–58 Gy, delivered in 20 daily fractions. Grade 1 and 2 acute gastrointestinal toxicoses developed in 33 and 5% of dogs, respectively. Grade 1 and 2 acute genitourinary and grade 1 acute integumentary toxicoses were documented in 5, 5, and 20% of dogs, respectively. Four dogs experienced late grade 3 gastrointestinal or genitourinary toxicosis. The subjective response rate was 60%. The median event‐free survival was 317 days; the overall median survival time was 654 days. Neither local tumor control nor overall survival was statistically dependent upon location of the primary tumor.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

IM/IGRTis generally well‐tolerated and provides an effective option for locoregional control ofCGUC. As compared with previous reports in the veterinary literature, inclusion ofIM/IGRTin multimodal treatment protocols forCGUCcan result in superior survival times; controlled prospective evaluation is warranted.
A Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier Required for Pyruvate Uptake in Yeast,
Drosophila
, and Humans
Authors: Bricker Daniel K. , Taylor Eric B. , Schell John C. , Orsak Thomas , Boutron Audrey , Chen Yu-Chan , Cox James E. , Cardon Caleb M. , Van Vranken Jonathan G. , Dephoure Noah , Redin Claire , Boudina Sihem , Gygi Steven P. , Brivet Michèle , Thummel Carl S. , Rutter Jared
Published: May 2012

Letting Pyruvate In

Transport of pyruvate is an important event in metabolism whereby the pyruvate formed in glycolysis is transported into mitochondria to feed into the tricarboxylic acid cycle (see the Perspective by

Murphy and Divakaruni

). Two groups have now identified proteins that are components of the mitochondrial pyruvate transporter.

Bricker
et al.

(p.
96
, published online 24 May) found that the proteins mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 and 2 (MPC1 and MPC2) are required for full pyruvate transport in yeast and
Drosophila
cells and that humans with mutations in MPC1 have metabolic defects consistent with loss of the transporter.

Herzig
et al.

(p.
93
, published online 24 May) identified the same proteins as components of the carrier in yeast. Furthermore, expression of the mouse proteins in bacteria conferred increased transport of pyruvate into bacterial cells.
Identification and Functional Expression of the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier
Authors: Herzig Sébastien , Raemy Etienne , Montessuit Sylvie , Veuthey Jean-Luc , Zamboni Nicola , Westermann Benedikt , Kunji Edmund R. S. , Martinou Jean-Claude
Published: May 2012

Letting Pyruvate In

Transport of pyruvate is an important event in metabolism whereby the pyruvate formed in glycolysis is transported into mitochondria to feed into the tricarboxylic acid cycle (see the Perspective by

Murphy and Divakaruni

). Two groups have now identified proteins that are components of the mitochondrial pyruvate transporter.

Bricker
et al.

(p.
96
, published online 24 May) found that the proteins mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 and 2 (MPC1 and MPC2) are required for full pyruvate transport in yeast and
Drosophila
cells and that humans with mutations in MPC1 have metabolic defects consistent with loss of the transporter.

Herzig
et al.

(p.
93
, published online 24 May) identified the same proteins as components of the carrier in yeast. Furthermore, expression of the mouse proteins in bacteria conferred increased transport of pyruvate into bacterial cells.
A Reduced Organic Carbon Component in Martian Basalts
Authors: Steele A. , McCubbin F. M. , Fries M. , Kater L. , Boctor N. Z. , Fogel M. L. , Conrad P. G. , Glamoclija M. , Spencer M. , Morrow A. L. , Hammond M. R. , Zare R. N. , Vicenzi E. P. , Siljeström S. , Bowden R. , Herd C. D. K. , Mysen B. O. , Shirey S. B. , Amundsen H. E. F. , Treiman A. H. , Bullock E. S. , Jull A. J. T.
Published: May 2012

Abiotic Martian Organics

Understanding the sources and the formation mechanisms of organic carbon compounds on Mars has implications for our understanding of the martian carbon cycle.

Steele
et al.

(p.
212
, published online 24 May) present measurements of organic material in 11 martian meteorites, including the Tissint meteorite, which fell in the Moroccan desert in July 2011. Ten of the meteorites contain complex hydrocarbons encased within igneous minerals. The results imply that the organics formed as the magma melt crystallized and are thus of abiotic origin.
Structural Basis for Prereceptor Modulation of Plant Hormones by GH3 Proteins
Authors: Westfall Corey S. , Zubieta Chloe , Herrmann Jonathan , Kapp Ulrike , Nanao Max H. , Jez Joseph M.
Published: May 2012

Plant Hormone Modulators

The activity and stability of several plant hormones is modulated by conjugation with various amino acids and their derivatives.

Westfall
et al.

(p.
1708
, published online 24 May) solved the crystal structures for two acyl acid amido synthetases from
Arabidopsis
. The findings suggest how the enzymes might discriminate between apolar and acidic amino acids and lend insight into the reaction chemistries that add functional diversity to hormone signaling pathways.
Genome Sequence of Proteorhodopsin-Containing Sea Ice Bacterium Glaciecola punicea ACAM 611
T
Authors: Qin Qi-Long , Xie Bin-Bin , Shu Yan-Li , Rong Jin-Cheng , Zhao Dian-Li , Zhang Xi-Ying , Chen Xiu-Lan , Zhou Bai-Cheng , Zhang Yu-Zhong
Published: May 2012

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Antarctic sea ice bacterium
Glaciecola punicea
ACAM 611
T
, the type species of the genus
Glaciecola
. A blue-light-absorbing proteorhodopsin gene is present in the 3.08-Mb genome. This genome sequence can facilitate the study of the physiological metabolisms and ecological roles of sea ice bacteria.
Complete Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium intracellulare Clinical Strain MOTT-64, Belonging to the INT1 Genotype
Authors: Kim Byoung-Jun , Choi Beom-Soon , Lim Jong-Sung , Choi Ik-Young , Kook Yoon-Hoh , Kim Bum-Joon
Published: May 2012

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the
Mycobacterium intracellulare
clinical strain MOTT-64, previously grouped into the INT1 genotype among five genotypes of
M. intracellulare
. This genome sequence will serve as a valuable reference for understanding the disparity in the virulence and epidemiologic traits among
M. intracellulare
genotypes.
Genome Sequence of the Mycobacterium abscessus Strain M93
Authors: Choo Siew Woh , Wong Yan Ling , Yusoff Aini Mohamed , Leong Mee Lian , Wong Guat Jah , Ong Chia Sui , Ng Kee Peng , Ngeow Yun Fong
Published: May 2012

Mycobacterium abscessus
is a rapid-growing species of nontuberculous mycobacteria that is frequently associated with opportunistic infections in humans. We report herein the draft genome sequence of
M. abscessus
strain M93.
Genome Sequence of the Nitroaromatic Compound-Degrading Bacterium Burkholderia sp. Strain SJ98
Authors: Kumar Shailesh , Vikram Surendra , Raghava Gajendra Pal Singh
Published: May 2012

We report the 7.85-Mb genome sequence of
Burkholderia
sp. strain SJ98, isolated from agricultural fields of Assam, India. The draft genome of this strain will be helpful in studying the genetic pathways involved in the degradation of aromatic compounds.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Klebsiella pneumonia Strain LCT-KP214
Authors: Guo Yinghua , Cen Zhong , Zou Yuanqiang , Fang Xiangqun , Li Tianzhi , Wang Junfeng , Chang De , Su Longxiang , Liu Yan , Chen Yanling , Yang Ruifu , Liu Changting
Published: May 2012

Klebsiella pneumoniae
is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, encapsulated, lactose-fermenting, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium found in the normal flora of the mouth, skin, and intestines. Here we present the fine-draft genome sequence of
K. pneumoniae
strain LCT-KP214, which originated from
K. pneumoniae
strain CGMCC 1.1736.
DIAL: a randomised trial of a telephone brief intervention for alcohol
Authors: Mello Michael J , Baird Janette , Nirenberg Ted D , Lee Christina , Woolard Robert , Longabaugh Richard
Published: May 2012

Background

Decreasing Injuries from ALcohol (DIAL) is a randomised control trial of a telephone brief intervention (BI) with injured emergency department (ED) patients with high-risk alcohol use. Here the authors examine 12-month outcomes of the intervention's effect on alcohol use, alcohol-related injuries and alcohol-related negative consequences.

Methods

ED research assistants recruited adult injured patients who screened positive for high-risk alcohol use and were to be discharged home. After discharge, all participants received by telephone an assessment of their alcohol use, alcohol-related injuries, and alcohol-related negative consequences and then were randomised to treatment or standard care. Treatment consisted of two telephone sessions of BI focusing on risky alcohol use. Both groups were reassessed after 12 months.

Results

At 12 months, 249 (89%) participants completed follow-up assessments. After using a log transformation, the difference in alcohol-related injuries between baseline and 12-month follow-up was greater in the BI group than the standard care group (p=0.04); this is an effect size of Cohen's d=0.21. No difference between groups was found when comparing change in alcohol consumption and other alcohol-related negative consequences at 12 months.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that a telephone BI with injured ED patients may decrease alcohol-related injuries. Identifying patients with risky alcohol use in the ED and then subsequently delivering the intervention by telephone after discharge has promise as a model for BI and deserves further study.