bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Prophylactic Antibacterials on Coagulation Profiles and Bleeding in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia/Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Allen Cecily , Gautam Samir , Cheng Wei , Pine Alexander B. , Podoltsev Nikolai A. , Zeidan Amer M , Lee Alfred I , Shallis Rory M.
Published: April 2023

Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) often receive antibacterial prophylaxis. Antibacterial agents can cause elevations in the prothrombin time and international normalized ratio (INR). The impact of prophylactic antibacterials on the coagulation profiles and bleeding risk in patients with AML/MDS is unknown. We evaluated patients with AML or MDS who were being admitted to the hospital. The cohort was divided into two groups of patients: (1) those receiving and (2) those not receiving prophylactic antibacterials, at the time of admission. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with AML/MDS admitted to Yale-New Haven Hospital between 2015–2019. The study was approved by the Yale Institutional Review Board. Inclusion criteria included patients >18 years old with a diagnosis of AML or MDS admitted to the hospital. We identified 150 individual patient encounters with active AML/MDS admitted to Yale-New Haven of which 32 occurred while on and 118 while off antibacterial prophylaxis. Median duration of pre-admission antibacterial exposure was 2 (range: 0.07–24) months. Patients on antibacterial prophylaxis had higher INR (median 1.14 vs. 1.03, p = 0.0002), and higher partial thromboplastin time prolongation (median 26.5 vs. 24.3, p < 0.0014), than patients without antibacterial prophylaxis. Patients without antibacterial prophylaxis had higher rates of bleeding using the ISTH-defined criteria (24.6% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.043), including higher rates of ISTH major (2 vs. 0) and clinically relevant bleeding (9 vs. 0). Patients with AML/MDS on antibacterial prophylaxis were more likely to have an abnormal coagulation profile when compared with their counterparts not on prophylaxis. Conversely, rates of bleeding were higher in patients not on prophylaxis. These data suggest that prophylactic antibacterials do not increase bleeding risk in patients with AML/MDS.
A Bibliometric Analysis of the Top 100 Most-Cited Papers Concerning Dental Fluorosis
Authors: Goebel Michely Cristina , Rocha Aurélio de Oliveira , Santos Pablo Silveira , Bolan Michele , Martins-Júnior Paulo Antônio , Santana Carla Miranda , Cardoso Mariane
Published: April 2023

A high number of citations can indicate the potential of any specific paper to influence other research and generate changes in clinical practice. Analyzing the most-cited papers in a certain scientific field may assist researchers to identify the influential papers as well their main characteristics. The present study aimed to analyze the 100 most-cited papers concerning dental fluorosis (DF) through a bibliometric review. A search was performed in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS-CC) database in November 2021. The papers were displayed in descending order according to the number of citations in WoS-CC. Two independent researchers performed the selection. Scopus and Google Scholar were used to compare the number of citations with WoS-CC. The following data were extracted from the papers: title, authors, number and density of citations, institution, country, continent, year of publication, journal title, keywords, study design, and theme. Collaborative networks were generated using the VOSviewer software. The top 100 most-cited papers were published between 1974 and 2014 and were cited 6,717 times (ranging from 35 to 417). Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology (24%), Journal of Dental Research (21%), Journal of Public Health Dentistry (17%), and Caries Research (13%) published the most papers. Observational studies (60%) and literature reviews (19%) were the most common study designs. The main topics were epidemiology (44%) and fluoride intake (32%). The countries with the highest number of papers were the USA (44%), Canada (10%), and Brazil (9%). The University of Iowa (USA) had the most papers (12%). Levy SM was the author with the highest number of papers (12%). The 100 most-cited papers on DF were mainly observational studies focused on epidemiology and originated in North America. There were few interventional studies and systematic reviews among the most-cited papers concerning this topic.
Plant species diversity in the riparian forests of the Moyar River in southern India
Authors: Muthu Karthick Nagarajan  , Avantika Bhaskar
Published: April 2023

Riparian forests are among the most rapidly disappearing vegetation types throughout the world. River Moyar cascades through gorges and links the Western Ghats with the southernmost segments of the Eastern Ghats. Considering the relatively well-preserved state of the Moyar riparian vegetation and being amongst the least explored forests in southern India, an assessment of angiosperm diversity was undertaken. The study used an array of belt transects along and perpendicular to the river course so that the entire elevation gradient of the gallery could be covered. A total of 172 species representing 126 genera belonging to 47 families, including 100 monotypic genera and 17 monotypic families, were recorded from both the transects in the study area. 131 woody angiosperm species representing 100 genera in 41 families were recorded along the river. The perpendicular gallery transects recorded 111 woody angiosperm species representing 86 genera in 36 families. Thirteen monotypic families were found in both transects, and 70 species were found in both transects. The dominant families with the maximum species were Fabaceae, Rubiaceae and Phyllanthaceae. Shannon diversity index ranged between 2.0 to 3.27 along the river transects and 1.51 to 2.67 along the galleries. The study concludes that Moyar riparian zone merits high conservation value as it supports significant species diversity, including red-listed species and habitat-specific plants, and functions as a vital wildlife corridor in the landscape.
Westward range extension of Burmese Python Python bivittatus in and around the Ganga Basin, India: a response to changing climatic factors
Authors: Pichaimuthu Gangaiamaran  , Alam Usmani Aftab , C.S. Vishnu  , Badola Ruchi , Syed Ainul Hussain
Published: April 2023

The range extension of animals is influenced by various factors, particularly environmental variables and ecological requirements. In this study, we have attempted to quantify the potential current distribution range of the Burmese Python Python bivittatus in and around the Ganga Basin. We collected the Burmese Python sightings between 2007 and 2022 from various direct and indirect sources and recorded 38 individuals, including eight females and five males; the rest were not examined for their sex. Out of these, 12 individuals were rescued from human habitations. Most python sightings were observed in Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh (n = 12 each), followed by Bihar (n = 6). The expanded minimum convex polygon (MCP) range was calculated as 60,534.2 km2. In addition, we quantified the potential current distribution status of this species using 19 bioclimatic variables with the help of MaxEnt software and the SDM toolbox in Arc GIS. The suitable area for the python distribution was calculated as 1,03,547 km2. We found that the following variables influenced the python distribution in the range extended landscape: Annual Mean Temperature (20.9 %), Precipitation of Wettest Quarter (6.4 %), Precipitation of Driest Quarter (30.1 %), Precipitation of Warmest Quarter (0.3%), Isothermality (0.1%), Temperature Annual Range (18.7 %), Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter (11.4 %), Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter (2.2 %), Land use/land cover (3.3 %), and Elevation (6.6 %). These results will support the field managers in rescuing individuals from conflict areas and rehabilitating them based on the appropriate geographical region.
Breeding record of Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius jerdoni Legge, 1880 (Charadriidae: Charadriformes) from Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Byju H. , Yoganathan Natarajan  , Raveendran N. , Kishore R.
Published: April 2023

A new breeding record of Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius jerdoni is documented from Tamil Nadu. This observation highlights the need for a more extensive and comprehensive survey and monitoring of this subspecies from wetlands of both protected and unprotected areas of peninsular India.
On the Robustness of Dialogue History Representation in
Conversational Question Answering: A Comprehensive Study and a New Prompt-based
Method
Authors: Gekhman Zorik , Oved Nadav , Keller Orgad , Szpektor Idan , Reichart Roi
Published: April 2023

Most work on modeling the conversation history in Conversational Question Answering (CQA) reports a single main result on a common CQA benchmark. While existing models show impressive results on CQA leaderboards, it remains unclear whether they are robust to shifts in setting (sometimes to more realistic ones), training data size (e.g., from large to small sets) and domain. In this work, we design and conduct the first large-scale robustness study of history modeling approaches for CQA. We find that high benchmark scores do not necessarily translate to strong robustness, and that various methods can perform extremely differently under different settings. Equipped with the insights from our study, we design a novel prompt-based history modeling approach and demonstrate its strong robustness across various settings. Our approach is inspired by existing methods that highlight historic answers in the passage. However, instead of highlighting by modifying the passage token embeddings, we add textual prompts directly in the passage text. Our approach is simple, easy to plug into practically any model, and highly effective, thus we recommend it as a starting point for future model developers. We also hope that our study and insights will raise awareness to the importance of robustness-focused evaluation, in addition to obtaining high leaderboard scores, leading to better CQA systems.1
Teaching Law of the Sea from a Critical Perspective
Authors: Kastner Philipp
Published: April 2023

Scholarship on law of the sea has become increasingly critical in recent years, but such a critical perspective is not easily implemented in the teaching of the subject. Given that little to no scholarship has engaged with the teaching practice of law of the sea, it seems timely to consider more carefully the research-teaching nexus in this field of law, which I seek to do through this essay. Drawing on critical pedagogy, I explain how I seek to encourage dialogic learning, to de-emphasise presumably authoritative voices, and to decentre the law in my teaching of law of the sea. I also consider some of the challenges that I have encountered in my efforts to decentre the teacher and the law, which mainly relate to arguably inherent tensions within critical pedagogy and to the contemporary higher education environment.
Chest Physiotherapy Interventions for Children During SARS-COV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Sharma Nidhi , Chahal Aksh , Sharma Abhishek
Published: April 2023

Since the first case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2/Coronavirus Disease 2019 (SARS-COV-2/COVID-19) was discovered in Wuhan, China, it spread to vast limits globally and became a public health disaster, affecting nearly all countries around the globe. Along with mainstream medical treatment, alternative medicine desperately was the need of the hour for youngsters to manage their symptoms while being self-quarantined and ultimately to improve their chances of survival and recovery from COVID-19. Since the beginning of SARS-COV-2, few studies address the clinical-functional presentation of viral infection and management with physiotherapy for children. Major online electronic databases PubMed, PEDro, and Google Scholar were researched to identify, organize and commission the current review. To create a search strategy, Medical Subject Headings and Descriptors of Science and Health were utilized. The authors looked for other studies by screening the references list of the potentially pertinent papers. These computerized searches turned up studies and those studies’ bibliographies with pertinent citations were examined. Personal protective equipment was a crucial component for protection and contact precaution. Following hypoxia, effective oxygen therapy is administered right away. When necessary, under the right circumstances, nasal high-flow oxygen therapy, non-invasive ventilation, lung-protective breathing methods, and prone positioning can be used. Children with SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 may benefit from physiotherapy interventions with a focus on ventilatory management, airway clearance procedures, early activities, and mobilization.
Can a colonial flag become a banner for democracy? The Case of the Dragon and Lion flag and the 2019 Hong Kong protests
Authors: Carreira da Silva Filipe , Rogenhofer Julius Maximilian
Published: April 2023

Why did Hong Kong protestors choose a symbol of former oppression – the old colonial flag – as a banner for their fight for democracy, rights and autonomy in 2019? We propose to answer this puzzle by studying the colonial-era flag as a displacement device. The waving of the colonial-era flag is shown to induce non-linear temporal and extraterritorial displacements, as well as contradictory interpretations of Hong Kong’s core values, national sovereignty and cultural identity. The flag’s displacements are amplified against the contested colonial history of the former British enclave. Conceptually, this pragmatic definition of the flag moves beyond approaches that study flags as representations of a structure of symbolic meaning. The flag is neither an unimportant prop nor is it a free-floating signifier; its materiality elicits significant political effects. Methodologically, this translates into an exploration of the flag’s second-order agency. The old colonial-era Hong Kong flag, in combination with discourse and institutional arrangements, is shown to be integral to contentious politics. The flag and its displacements shed new light on a city uneasy with its past, dissatisfied with its present and uncertain about its future.
Conceptualizing Gentrification-Induced Social and Cultural Displacement and Place Identity Among Longstanding Black Residents
Authors: Davis Brittany , Foster Kirk A. , Pitner Ronald O. , Wooten Nikki R. , Ohmer Mary L.
Published: April 2023

Scholars have increasingly recognized the sociocultural impacts of gentrification on Black residents. However, the gentrification literature lacks a theoretical model on the nuanced ways gentrification socially and culturally displaces longstanding Black residents. Limited attention has been given to factors that moderate social and cultural displacement. This article introduces a Theoretical Model of Gentrification-Induced Social and Cultural Displacement and Place Identity among longstanding Black residents based on extant theories and literature. Black neighborhoods’ changing character was theorized as a precipitating factor leading to residents’ negative experiences. Five types of experiences were theorized as contributing to social and cultural displacement: (1) confronting changing neighborhood norms, (2) “othering,” (3) losing social connections, (4) encroaching, and (5) witnessing the erasure of what was. The theoretical model further advances knowledge by explicating how place identity may moderate longstanding Black residents’ social and cultural displacement experiences. Implications for future research and equitable development for historically Black communities are provided.
Generation of unidirectional fiber random distribution structures based on an artificial fish swarm algorithm with random deletion after fiber filling
Authors: Liu Jinsong , Li Yibo , Huang Minghui , Zeng Lang , Lu Yan
Published: April 2023

This study proposes a random distribution method for generating high-content volume fractions of fibers in their cross-sectional area. This approach is referred to as the artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) with random deletion after fiber filling (RDAFF_AFSA). Initial fibers were first generated using AFSA, followed by fiber filling the matrix-rich region with a hard-core model. The desired representative volume element (RVE) was ultimately obtained by random deletion. The proposed method can generate RVEs with high-content volume fractions (up to 67%) of fibers. The generated RVEs were statistically analyzed and compared with the completely spatial random (CSR) pattern and experiment data. The results showed that RDAFF_AFSA exhibited a high degree of consistency with the CSR and experimental data. The elastic constants of the carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites were predicted by finite element analysis. The predicted results are very reasonable compared to the experimental results. The proposed method can provide a highly valuable alternative for micromechanical and multiscale analyses of unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites.
Effects of workload on medication administration errors in nursing: an analysis based on system dynamics modeling
Authors: Jin Haizhe , Xiao Zhibin , Yao Junhan , Gong Zibo , Wang Haiying , Zhao Yinan
Published: April 2023

Medication administration errors account for a relatively high proportion of medical errors, with more than 50% occurring at the nursing administration stage. Nursing is characterized by a large amount of work, rigid working hours, high information cognitive intensity, and frequent information updates. The high workload of nurses is a significant cause of medication administration errors. In this study, a literature analysis was used to determine the elements of the system dynamics model, and the causal loop diagram was used to draw the relationship framework among the elements. Vensim personal learning edition and interview surveys were then used for model validation and simulation. First, 302 case analyses of medication administration errors collected from the three metropolitan area hospitals were used to construct the causal loop diagram, the stock and flow map of the medication administration error system, and the dynamics model; second, the model was tested from theoretical and historical data simulation perspectives; finally, the system dynamics model proposed in this study was used to simulate a medical institution from overtime and policy perspectives. Through system dynamics modeling, the inducing mechanism of workload on medication administration errors in nursing operations was elucidated, and corresponding suggestions for prevention were provided. In addition, ideas and basis for optimizing the medication administration process, improving workload, and preventing medication administration errors considering workload were provided.
Connecting surface-mounted electronic elements with amber strand metal-clad conductive fibers by reflow soldering
Authors: Simegnaw Abdella Ahmmed , Malengier Benny , Getnet Melkie , Van Langenhove Lieva
Published: April 2023

Electronic yarns contain electronic components which are fully embedded into the conductive yarn’s structure before manufacturing smart textile garments or fabrics. To accept comprehensively the electronic textiles, it is essential to integrate the electronic components into/onto the conductive textile yarn without compromising the quality of the textile substrate. Therefore, one of the solutions is to create flexible and stretchable conductive yarn that contains a small surface-mounted electronic component embedded in the fibers of the conductive yarn. The purpose of this research work is to manufacture and subsequently evaluate the physical and electromechanical properties of amber strand (Toyobo’s p-phenylene benzobisoxazole fiber zylon) yarns with embedded surface-mounted device components. Using a benchtop reflow-soldering machine, the surface-mounted device component was successfully inserted into the amber strand conductive yarn. Then the developed electronic yarn was coated using thermoplastic polyurethane for encapsulation purposes. Furthermore, reliability tests of the electrical and mechanical properties of the electronic yarn (tensile strain and washing) were carried out. From the results it can be seen that the developed thermoplastic polyurethane encapsulated electronic yarn had a tensile strength of 37.38 N with a 4.1 mm extension. Furthermore, the relationship between the strain and washing action on the electrical resistance of the developed electronic yarn was experimentally investigated. The analytical finding shows that mechanical stress and laundry washing had a significant influence on the electrical resistance of the electronic yarn.
The model of ring-spun slub yarn based on random fiber arrangement and its application: Part 1. Study on the relationship between fiber distribution and the length of the transitional segment of slub yarn
Authors: Wu Shifeng , Zhou Hengshu , Zhou Yuyang , Xiong Haiying , Yu Chongwen
Published: April 2023

In this paper, the research on the transitional segment of slub yarn mainly focuses on the length of the transitional segment. Slub yarn was simulated by randomly determining the fiber position with the Monte Carlo method according to the draft principle of ring spinning for slub yarn. The length of the transitional segment was obtained by determining its starting and ending position according to the mass curves of the simulated and real-spun slub yarns. According to the data analysis, the fiber length, acceleration and deceleration time on draft rollers’ velocity, and slub multiple affect the length of the transitional segment. Both the lengths of the left and right transitional segments are all equal. The maximum error rate of the simulated value to the measured value of the length of the transitional segment is approximately 12%. The empirical formula has been established to estimate the length of the transitional segment. Compared with those of the simulated and real spun slub yarns, the error rate of the length of the transitional segment calculated by the empirical formula is less than 10%. The research content of this paper provides a basis for studying the appearance and properties of slub yarn.
Siro false twist spun yarn structure and the knitted fabric performance
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zheng Fei , Liu Xia , Zhang Liang , Liu Mingyuan , Liu Yanping , Qin Xiaohong
Published: April 2023

False twisting has been used to reduce yarn twists while keeping yarn tenacity, which is vital to improve fabric softness. In this paper, a false twisting device was integrated into a siro spinning system to develop a novel yarn structure with enhanced softness, in which the fibers were uniformly arranged. Siro false twist spun yarn was compared with a conventional siro spun yarn with the same count and twist in terms of yarn diameter, tenacity, hairiness, evenness, and packing density. The cross-sectional packing density of the yarns was analyzed based on micro X-ray computed tomography. The results showed that the siro false twist spun yarn has advantages in hairiness and evenness. The siro false twist spun yarn has an increased diameter by 10.4–19.0% and a more uniform cross-sectional packing density than the siro spun yarn. The two yarns were knitted into fabrics, and test results showed that the fabric produced with the siro false twist spun yarns had better compressibility, air permeability and light transmission. The findings from this study demonstrated that the siro false twist spun yarn improved fullness and its fabric has superior softness.
Health Disparities Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Older Adults: A Structural Competency Approach
Authors: Lampe Nik M. , Barbee Harry , Tran Nathaniel M. , Bastow Skyler , McKay Tara
Published: April 2023

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) older adults experience significant health disparities. Examining these disparities has become an international research priority, but gaps remain. In this review article, we summarize major contributions of and ongoing gaps in health disparities research among LGBTQ+ older adults, while focusing on four major content areas: (a) social determinants of health disparities, (b) mental, cognitive, and physical health disparities, (c) reproductive and sexual health disparities, and (d) seeking LGBTQ+-affirming and age-friendly care. Using a structural competency approach, we develop a four-part agenda for this research area that enhances our understanding of how macro-level systems, institutions, and structures drive health disparities among aging LGBTQ+ communities. We also outline future research on structural competency in LGBTQ+ older adult health, while providing recommendations for researchers and clinicians. These recommendations illuminate potential best practices for bettering the health and quality of life of LGBTQ+ older populations.
Stabilization of Anti-U.S. Military Bases Sentiment: Japan’s Evolving Compensation Policies and Base Politics in Okinawa
Authors: Hiyane Ryota , Piao Long
Published: April 2023

The comparative literature on base politics often suggests that stable base politics in Okinawa were achieved, thanks to Japanese compensation politics. These claims mostly focus on the central government’s strategic use of compensation politics toward Okinawa from Tokyo’s perspective, ignoring the influence of local decision makers. Through a case study of the Futenma relocation process and in-depth interviews with the decision makers at the Henoko relocation site, this study highlighted the role of the local district government (Henoko) under the framework of Tokyo’s strategic use of compensation politics for multilevel local governments (Okinawa Prefectural Government, Nago City Government, and Henoko). The study not only adds to the importance of local Henoko decision makers in strengthening compensation politics but also provides more nuanced views of base politics in Okinawa, which is essential to understanding how Japan managed to stabilize Okinawa’s base politics in the context of anti-U.S. military bases.
Delayed Tracheal Perforation After Thyroidectomy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Heo Da Beom , Son Hyo One , John Sung Han Wool , Koo Bon Seok
Published: April 2023

Thyroidectomy is a safe procedure that is frequently performed for benign or malignant thyroid disease. Complications after thyroidectomy occur in approximately 3%–5% of patients. Tracheal perforation is a very rare post-thyroidectomy complication, and delayed tracheal perforation without intraoperative tracheal injury is even rarer; only 25 case reports have been published globally, with varied management. We present the case of a 36-year-old man presenting with dyspnea and cough 2 weeks after left thyroidectomy. A defect measuring approximately 2 cm was confirmed on the anterior wall of the trachea by computed tomography and flexible laryngoscopy. The patient’s symptoms improved with conservative treatment including systemic steroids, and surgical treatment was not required. Even in the absence of unusual intraoperative events, delayed tracheal necrosis and perforation should be considered as possible postoperative complications following thyroidectomy.
Toxicologic Pathology Forum: Opinion on Performing Good Laboratory Practice Histopathology Evaluation for Nonclinical Toxicity Studies in a Remote Location
Authors: Hukkanen Renee R. , Trapani Michelle , Derringer Tana , Laast Victoria , Wojcinski Zbigniew W. , Manno Rosa Anna , Rinke Matthias , van Esch Eric , Bradley Alys E. , Cristofori Patrizia , Alison Roger , Munch Barb
Published: April 2023

Toxicologic/veterinary pathologists are working remotely from Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) test facilities (TFs) in increasing numbers, most commonly in home-office settings. A study pathologist (SP) generating data on GLP-compliant nonclinical studies must be keenly aware of applicable national GLP regulations and comply with TF and protocol requirements. This Toxicological Pathology Forum Opinion Piece will summarize primary areas of emphasis for the SP generating GLP data using glass slides. Peer review and digital review of whole slide images are out of scope for this opinion piece. Key GLP considerations for primary pathology on glass slides are discussed with respect to SP location and employment status, including pathologist qualifications, specimen management, facilities, equipment, archive, and quality assurance. Notable differences between national GLP regulations of the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands, France, Ireland, Switzerland, Italy, and Israel are presented. With the understanding that each combination of location and employment is unique, the authors provide a general overview of considerations for successful remote GLP work.
Immigration and New Firm Formation – Evidence from a Quasi-Experimental Setting in Germany
Authors: Jahn Vera , Steinhardt Max Friedrich
Published: April 2023

This paper provides new insights into the economic impact of international migration by analyzing how immigration can affect business formation in the host country. For this purpose, we exploit a placement policy in Germany in the 1990s for immigrants of German descent from Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union (Aussiedler). Our empirical results at the regional level suggest that immigration had a positive impact on firm formation. The most likely mechanism driving this result is a positive implication of population diversity, while entrepreneurial activities of ethnic Germans and supply-side aspects seem to be of minor importance for our findings. Our results demonstrate that immigration under certain conditions – among others, equal legal treatment to natives – can stimulate business creation. Our findings enrich the political debate about the economic effects of immigration frequently discussed in receiving countries.
Economic Assimilation of the “Third Generation”: An Intergenerational Mobility Perspective
Authors: Zorlu Aslan , van Gent Wouter
Published: April 2023

Grandchildren of post-World War II immigrants have started entering the labor market in Western Europe. Are they on a multigenerational path toward full economic assimilation, much like the European migrant groups in US classical assimilation theory? This paper assesses the degree of economic assimilation of third-generation descendants of immigrants with divergent initial socioeconomic positions in the Netherlands. Given the diversity in starting positions of various migrant groups, we fully account for parental (economic) disadvantages from an intergenerational mobility perspective by making use of rich register data. Looking at adult children aged 20–30 and their (grand)parents, we quantify the Dutch-third-generation gap in incomes and wealth by employing a rank–rank analysis to identify ethnic disparities in absolute and relative intergenerational income mobility. Our analysis reveals that third-generation descendants of immigrants generally reach parity with their native-Dutch counterparts, regardless of their initial position when we control for socioeconomic conditions. The results signify a diminishing role of group-specific barriers across generations for all groups. As such, the third-generation descendants of disadvantaged migrants appear to be on a track toward economic assimilation, regardless of their ethno-national origin. Our conclusion highlights implications for policy and public debates on ethnic disparities.
Heterogeneous Effects of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) on Undocumented College Students’ Educational Outcomes
Authors: Okura Keitaro , Hsin Amy , Aptekar Sofya
Published: April 2023

We investigate why prior studies examining the effects of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) on undocumented youth's college outcomes in the United States have yielded mixed findings. We draw on unique administrative data from the City University of New York at the time of DACA's implementation and utilize difference-in-difference estimation to examine DACA's effects on undocumented students’ college GPA and interruptions to their college progress. We find that DACA's effects on the educational outcomes of undocumented students enrolled in college were heterogeneous: It had a negative effect on those who, prior to the policy, were academically high performing and taking on a heavy courseload, while it had no significant impact on low academic performers and those maintaining a light courseload. We offer a plausible explanation for this finding: DACA's newfound legal employment opportunities may have incentivized undocumented youth who were previously focused on schooling to seek out employment. In contrast, DACA may have had little impact on low achievers because they were more likely to be already working. While our study is unable to directly identify employment status, our finding that academically achieving students were negatively affected by DACA suggests that the liminal legality experienced by undocumented 1.5-generation youth has a substantive impact on their educational integration and assimilation trajectories. We contend that stopgap programs like DACA that offer contingent rights do not result in unalloyed positive benefits because they do not address undocumented youth's underlying legal precarity.
Emotional Disorders, Dispositional Mindfulness, and Mediating Role of Acceptance in Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students
Authors: Gupta Vibhuti , Sinha Nishit Kumar
Published: April 2023

‘For after all, the best thing one can do when it is raining is, let it rain.’ ( Longfellow, 1906 )

Mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety, and stress, affect a sizable proportion of university students. Yet, little is known regarding the incidence of mental health issues among Indian university students. These mental health issues are generally caused by a range of factors, including academic demands, interpersonal connections ( Steptoe, 2007 ), future prospects, competitive exams, peer pressure, and professional considerations ( Beiter et al., 2015 ). One of the most important mental health problems impacting a large population across India and the world is depression, leading to physical diseases, suicidal thoughts, and suicide, among other negative outcomes ( Gururaj et al., 2016 ). According to the NCRB Report, 2021, the two age groups most susceptible to suicide were between 18 and 30 and 30 and 44. Suicide rates in both age categories were 34.5% and 31.7%, respectively. Family issues (3,233 victims), romantic relationships (1,495 victims), and illness (1,408 victims) were the three leading factors in suicides below 18 years of age, while the victims that were either students or unemployed made up 8.0% (13,089 victims) and 8.4% (13,714 victims) of all suicides, respectively. The objectives of this study were to understand and add to the body of knowledge on the role of mindfulness concerning depression, anxiety, and stress amongst university students; the role of mindfulness concerning avoidant behaviours amongst university students; and the mediating role of acceptance in the relationship between mindfulness and depression, anxiety, and stress amongst university students. The results of the study revealed that depression, experiential avoidance, and mindfulness are all strongly and negatively connected. The study discovered a strong correlation between experiential avoidance and depression, anxiety, and stress (psychological distress). Mindfulness had a considerable impact on the mediator, experiential avoidance, which was postulated.
A Human Cell-based Assay to Assess the Induction of Vasculature Formation for Non-genotoxic Carcinogenicity Testing Purposes: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hautanen Veera , Toimela Tarja , Paparella Martin , Heinonen Tuula
Published: April 2023

The induction of vasculature formation is proposed to be a significant mechanism behind the non-genotoxic carcinogenicity of a chemical. The vasculature formation model used in this study is based on the coculture of human primary HUVECs and hASCs. This model was used to develop an assay to assess the induction of vasculature formation. Three assay protocols, based on different conditions, were developed and compared in order to identify the optimal conditions required. Some serum supplements and growth factors were observed to be essential for initiating vasculature formation. Of the studied putative positive reference chemicals, aspartame, sodium nitrite, bisphenol A and nicotine treatment led to a clear induction of vasculature formation, but arsenic and cadmium treatment only led to a slight increase. This human cell-based assay has the potential to be used as one test within a next generation testing battery, to assess the non-genotoxic carcinogenicity of a chemical through the mechanism of vasculature formation induction.
Use of the Allium cepa Model to Assess the Cytogenotoxicity of Luffariella herdmani Marine Sponge Extract
Authors: Kuruppuarachchi Sashini U. , Jayawardena Uthpala A. , Gunathilake Varuni K.
Published: April 2023

Marine sponge extracts are known to contain potentially toxic compounds that have biological activities of possible pharmacological interest. Thus, it is vital that biological models are used for the preliminary toxicity screening of such extracts. The present study reports the use of Allium cepa, a low-cost plant-based in vivo model, to assess the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Luffariella herdmani marine sponge crude extract (SCE). Pre-germinated onion bulbs, exposed for 96 hours to different concentrations of SCE (ranging from 0.3125 to 20 μg/ml), were used to determine general cytotoxicity. Root length as well as morphological abnormalities were recorded. Genotoxicity was assessed by exposing the root tips to SCE (0.3125–20 μg/ml) and the appropriate controls for 48 hours, and then staining with acetocarmine. The Mitotic Index (MI), Mitotic Phase Indices (MPIs) and chromosomal aberrations were evaluated and recorded. SCE inhibited A. cepa root growth (EC50 = 10.34 μg/ml) and elicited a mitodepressive effect (LC50 = 1.95 μg/ml) in a dose-dependent and significant manner. In addition, macroscopic alterations as well as chromosomal aberrations were detected. Overall, our findings indicate that L. herdmani crude extract exhibits cytotoxic and genotoxic activity, suggesting that it might contain substances with anti-proliferative/anticancer potential that could be subject to further characterisation.
Lush aftermath: Race, labor, and landscape in the suburb
Authors: Crane Emma Shaw
Published: April 2023

This article takes up labor and landscape in the wake of war in an unlikely place: an agricultural suburb of Greater Miami. In Homestead, Indigenous Maya migrants displaced during and after scorched earth counterinsurgency work in ornamental plant and palm nurseries, filling U.S. subdivisions and yards with verdant plant life. These flourishing plants produce and stabilize suburban property regimes across the country. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with nursery workers and owners, community organizers, and suburban developers, this article asks: what grows after war? I show how the entanglement of state-sanctioned violence, racialization, and property produces a lucrative and injurious environmental order that emerges after war’s formal end—what I call a lush aftermath. Thinking collaboratively with migrant justice movements, this conception of a lush aftermath illuminates how domestic landscapes are transnationally produced through inner and outer wars of U.S. empire.
Revision needed? A social constructionist perspective on measurement scales for assessing gender role stereotypes in entrepreneurship
Authors: Mattner Franziska , Sundermeier Janina
Published: April 2023

This article compares contemporary views of who and what constitutes entrepreneurship with dimensions captured in established scales for determining gender role stereotypes associated with entrepreneurship. In so doing, we respond to ongoing debates about the timeliness, contextualisation and predetermination of scales, such as Schein’s Descriptive Index (SDI), Bem’s Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) and the Personal Attribute Questionnaire (PAQ). Our empirical study consists of 422 descriptions of an entrepreneurial ideal provided by a sample of young adults, which we analysed using quantitative content analysis. The comparison between participants’ perceptions and the items captured in the gender role stereotype scales shows only a partial overlap. Although masculine qualities are mentioned, we find various androgynous (e.g., passion, team player, willingness to learn) qualities of entrepreneurs not covered in SDI, BSRI or PAQ. Based upon this, we can derive several recommendations on how established scales can be revised through future research.
Efficacy of aerobic training and resistance training combined with external diaphragm pacing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Xu Yiming , Yang Donghong , Lu Beibei , Zhang Yin , Ren Lei , Shen Honghua
Published: April 2023

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of aerobic training, resistance training combined with external diaphragm pacing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Setting

The Fourth Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, China.

Participants

82 (67.0  ±  6.5 years, 59.8% male) patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were randomized to intervention group 1 ( n  =  27), intervention group 2 ( n  =  28), and control group ( n  =  27).

Intervention

Intervention group 1 received aerobic and resistance training, while intervention group 2 received additional external diaphragm pacing. Control group received aerobic training only.

Main measures

1-year follow-up of physical activity, body composition, respiratory function and diaphragm function.

Results

Intervention groups 1 and 2 showed statistically improvements in the difference value compared with control group in terms of 6-min walk distance (−95.28  ±  20.09 and −101.92  ±  34.91 vs −63.58  ±  23.38), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (−0.042  ±  0.027 and −0.130  ±  0.050 vs −0.005  ±  0.068), fat-free mass (−2.11  ±  3.74 and −3.82  ±  3.74vs 0.28  ±  1.49) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test value (2.16  ±  0.85 and 2.38  ±  1.02 vs 1.50  ±  0.93). Intervention group 2 showed significant difference in arterial oxygen pressure (−4.46  ±  3.22 vs −1.92  ±  3.45), diaphragm excursion during deep breaths (−0.82  ±  0.74 vs −0.38  ±  0.29), and diaphragm thickness fraction (−8.77  ±  3.22 vs −4.88  ±  2.69) compared with control group.

Conclusion

The combination of aerobic training, resistance training, and external diaphragm pacing obtained significant improvements in physical activity, respiratory function, body composition, arterial oxygen pressure, and diaphragm function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Trial registration

ChiCTR1800020257, www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx
Behavioral profile of adult zebrafish acutely exposed to a selective dopamine uptake inhibitor, GBR 12909
Authors: Zabegalov Konstantin N , Costa Fabiano , Viktorova Yuliya A , Maslov Gleb O , Kolesnikova Tatiana O , Gerasimova Elena V , Grinevich Vladimir P , Budygin Evgeny A , Kalueff Allan V
Published: April 2023

Background:

The dopamine transporter (DAT) is the main regulator of dopamine concentration in the extrasynaptic space. The pharmacological inhibition of the DAT results in a wide spectrum of behavioral manifestations, which have been identified so far in a limited number of species, mostly in rodents.

Aim:

Here, we used another well-recognized model organism, the zebrafish ( Danio rerio), to explore the behavioral effects of GBR 12909, a highly-affine selective DAT blocker.

Methods:

We evaluated zebrafish locomotion, novelty-related exploration, spatial cognition, and social phenotypes in the novel tank, habituation and shoaling tests, following acute 20-min water immersion in GBR 12909.

Results:

Our findings show hypolocomotion, anxiety-like state, and impaired spatial cognition in fish acutely treated with GBR 12909. This behavioral profile generally parallels that of the DAT knockout rodents and zebrafish, and it overlaps with behavioral effects of other DAT-inhibiting drugs of abuse, such as cocaine and D-amphetamine.

Conclusion:

Collectively, our data support the utility of zebrafish in translational studies on DAT targeting neuropharmacology and strongly implicate DAT aberration as an important mechanisms involved in neurological and psychiatric diseases.
Tell me how you feel, I will tell you what you look at: Impact of mood and craving on alcohol attentional bias in binge drinking
Authors: Bollen Zoé , Pabst Arthur , Masson Nicolas , Suárez-Suárez Samuel , Carbia Carina , Maurage Pierre
Published: April 2023

Background:

Alcohol-related attentional bias (AB) is thought to play a key role in the emergence and maintenance of excessive alcohol use. Recent models suggest that AB, classically considered as a permanent feature in alcohol use disorders, is rather modulated by temporary motivational states.

Aims:

We explored the influence of current mood and craving on AB in binge drinking, through a mood induction procedure combined with eye-tracking measures of AB.

Methods:

In Experiment 1, we measured AB (visual probe task with eye-tracking measures) among binge drinkers ( n = 48) and light drinkers ( n = 32) following positive, negative and neutral mood inductions. Participants reported subjective craving and mood before/after induction. In Experiment 2, we measured AB among the same binge drinkers compared with 29 moderate drinkers following alcohol-related negative, non-alcohol-related negative and neutral mood inductions.

Results:

In Experiment 1, induced negative mood and group positively predicted subjective craving, which was positively associated with AB. We found no effect of induced positive mood nor a direct mood-AB association. In Experiment 2, the relationships AB presented with both induced negative mood and group were again mediated by craving. Inducing alcohol-related negative mood did not modify the mood-craving association.

Conclusions:

Alcohol-related AB is not a stable binge drinking characteristic but rather varies according to transient motivational (i.e., craving) and emotional (i.e., negative mood) states. This study provides important insights to better understand AB in subclinical populations and emphasizes the importance of considering motivational and affective states as intercorrelated, to offer multiple ways to reduce excessive alcohol use.
Islam, violence and the ‘four dogmas of Orientalism’
Authors: Jacoby Tim
Published: April 2023

Hidden away at the end of Edward Said’s seminal text, Orientalism, is a brief summary of his main arguments. Consisting of what he calls ‘four principal dogmas’, these establish the binary differences between East and West that make up the substantive bulk of his focus – namely us versus them, modernity versus atavism, subject versus object and humanity versus barbarity. This paper uses each as a vantage point from which to analyse and problematise established narratives on the relationship between Islam and political violence. Bringing together a wide-ranging field of scholarship and commentary, it aims to move beyond critique and towards a more sustained, and challenging, focus on the conceptual and empirical flaws that underpin the Occidental half of these apparently settled distinctions.