bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystallographic snapshots of the EF-hand protein MCFD2 complexed with the intracellular lectin ERGIC-53 involved in glycoprotein transport
Authors: Satoh Tadashi , Nishio Miho , Suzuki Kousuke , Yagi-Utsumi Maho , Kamiya Yukiko , Mizushima Tsunehiro , Kato Koichi
Published: April 2020

The transmembrane intracellular lectin ER–Golgi intermediate compartment protein 53 (ERGIC-53) and the soluble EF-hand multiple coagulation factor deficiency protein 2 (MCFD2) form a complex that functions as a cargo receptor, trafficking various glycoproteins between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus. It has been demonstrated that the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of ERGIC-53 (ERGIC-53CRD) interacts with N-linked glycans on cargo glycoproteins, whereas MCFD2 recognizes polypeptide segments of cargo glycoproteins. Crystal structures of ERGIC-53CRDcomplexed with MCFD2 and mannosyl oligosaccharides have revealed protein–protein and protein–sugar binding modes. In contrast, the polypeptide-recognition mechanism of MCFD2 remains largely unknown. Here, a 1.60 Å resolution crystal structure of the ERGIC-53CRD–MCFD2 complex is reported, along with three other crystal forms. Comparison of these structures with those previously reported reveal that MCFD2, but not ERGIC-53–CRD, exhibits significant conformational plasticity that may be relevant to its accommodation of various polypeptide ligands.
Structure of Thermococcus litoralis Δ1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase in complex with NADH and L-proline
Authors: Ferrario Eugenio , Miggiano Riccardo , Rizzi Menico , Ferraris Davide M.
Published: April 2020

L-Hydroxyproline (L-Hyp) is a nonstandard amino acid that is present in certain proteins, in some antibiotics and in the cell-wall components of plants. L-Hyp is the product of the post-translational modification of protein prolines by prolyl hydroxylase enzymes, and the isomers trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline (T3LHyp) and trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (T4LHyp) are major components of mammalian collagen. T4LHyp follows two distinct degradation pathways in bacteria and mammals, while T3LHyp is metabolized by a two-step metabolic pathway that is conserved in bacteria and mammals, which involves a T3LHyp dehydratase and a Δ1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate (Pyr2C) reductase. In order to shed light on the structure and catalysis of the enzyme involved in the second step of the T3LHyp degradation pathway, the crystal structure of Pyr2C reductase from the archaeon Thermococcus litoralis DSM 5473 complexed with NADH and L-proline is presented. The model allows the mapping of the residues involved in cofactor and product binding and represents a valid model for rationalizing the catalysis of Pyr2C reductases.
Architect and craftsperson: project perceptions, relationships and craft
Authors: Djabarouti Johnathan , O'Flaherty Christopher
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Architects and craftspeople work together on complicated built heritage projects as part of a diverse multidisciplinary team. Effective interactions and collaborations between them can lead to a more successful project outcome; however, differing perceptions of each other can cause professional relationship tensions, communicative barriers and disharmony.

Design/methodology/approach

Through the analysis of online surveys completed by architects and craftspeople, this study examines the contemporary relationship between the two groups, including the architect's perceptions of the function of traditional building craft within their day-to-day role.

Findings

Findings suggest that whilst both groups agree that the craftsperson is an essential specialist on a built heritage scheme, there are contradictory perceptions with regard to the architect's role. Despite these differences, the results suggest that architects are open to accommodating more exposure to craftspeople and traditional building craft within their day-to-day role – believing they would learn more about building materials, make better practical decisions and understand craftspeople better. More importantly, this study proposes that a focus on craft would break down communicative and perceptual barriers, in turn improving relationships and project outcomes.

Originality/value

The study strongly suggests that traditional building craft can form an essential, tangible bond between architects and craftspeople by increasing focus on relationships and learning. The insights offered are relevant not only to those in the fields of architecture and traditional building craft but also to those involved in heritage management, as well as other professional roles, who may benefit from the use of craft as a method to repair professional relationships, as well as historic buildings.
An audit of the quality and effectiveness of review meetings between core and higher psychiatry trainees and their educational supervisors
Authors: Majumder Pallab , Holland Josephine
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper, an audit, was to explore and evaluate the quality and effectiveness of review meetings between core (CT) and higher psychiatry trainees (HST) and their educational supervisors (ESs). The second aim was to recommend changes in practice to improve the quality and effectiveness of the ES–trainee review meetings to enhance the training experience and overall training quality.

Design/methodology/approach

A tool was developed to gather anonymous feedback from trainees about their meetings with their ES. Consultation was carried out with CT and HSTs as well as ESs to ensure the questions were clear and acceptable to all. Trainees were requested to complete the feedback form for all pre-annual review of clinical progress (ARCP) meetings for the June–July 2019 ARCP cycle. Completed forms were placed in a sealed box, which was emptied once all meetings were complete.

Findings

In total, 25 feedback forms were received. On most questions, trainees gave positive feedback on the process, content, supervisor and administration. Four main themes emerged from the qualitative feedback. Trainees found the process supportive and felt listened to. They felt the process was organised and personalised. Trainees' views on suggestions for further improvement was captured and reflected: the ES reading their portfolio in advance, shorter forms with more focus on clinical acumen and less like a tick-box exercise, frequent reminder emails, more specific guidance and to plan ahead for change of supervisor.

Research limitations/implications

The main research limitation is that this study used only one measure, which was the subjective account of the participating postgraduate Psychiatry trainees. No other objective measures were used in the study to evaluate the effectiveness or the quality of the educational supervision.

Practical implications

The implications of the findings were discussed, and recommendations were made based on the findings to further enhance the trainees' experience of their educational supervision. It is likely that a positive experience of supervision and training will have implication by improving the overall training quality of the scheme.

Social implications

The quality of supervision of Psychiatrists in training have a significant contribution in their training progress and completion, and in the long run the quality of service or assessment and treatment they are able to provide to their patients as qualified Psychiatrists.

Originality/value

Literature searches revealed no previous audits to have been published on quality of educational supervision meetings between postgraduate psychiatry trainees and their ES.
Linking global consumer culture and ethnocentric consumerism to global citizenship: exploring the mediating effect of cultural intelligence
Authors: Pratono Aluisius Hery , Arli Denni
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This article attempts to understand the impact of global consumer culture and ethnocentric consumerism on global citizenship by identifying the mediating effect of cultural intelligence.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed structural equation model explains the relationship between global consumer culture, ethnocentric consumerism, and global citizenship. The empirical analysis involves an online survey targeted young people in Indonesia context.

Findings

The empirical evidence broadly supports the view that cultural intelligence strengthens the impact of global consumer culture and ethnocentric consumerism on global citizenship. There is a strong tendency in this study to suggest that global consumerism will not be able to contribute to global citizenship unless cultural intelligence provides as a mediating variable. However, the results do not support the mainstream literature, which suggests that ethnocentric consumerism harms global citizenship.

Originality/value

This study extends the discussion on achieving sustainable development by examining global citizenship leads to a better understanding of consumer culture theory.
International experience, commitment, distribution adaptation and performance: a study of Ghanaian firms in B2B export markets
Authors: Sraha Gloria , Sharma Revti Raman , Crick Dave , Crick James M.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This study aims to contribute to the existing understanding of export practices in sub-Saharan African firms with a contextual focus on Ghanaian exporters operating in business-to-business (B2B) markets. Underpinned by resource-based theory and its association with the relational view, it examines how the interplay between various decision makers’ international experience, export commitment and distribution adaptation decisions influence firms’ performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses a mixed methods approach, using survey data from 116 internationalising Ghanaian businesses across three sectors, supplemented with qualitative insights from 18 follow-up interviews.

Findings

The study establishes a full mediation effect of export commitment on the association between international experience and export performance; also, the moderating effect of distribution adaptation on export commitment – performance relationships. Unique insights are provided into the perceived role of trustworthy, intermediaries as “stakeholders” that add to a respective firm’s resource base; that is, in building capabilities in overseas markets and informing evolving business model decisions to overcome potential export barriers.

Originality/value

The insights from sub-Saharan African firms provide contextual value given the relatively under-represented existing research from the region. Original insights highlight ways in which decision makers build capabilities and that they do not always follow a forward moving internationalisation process, so use different measures of performance regarding B2B product-market ventures over time.
Principal leadership for students with disabilities in effective inclusive schools
Authors: DeMatthews David , Billingsley Bonnie , McLeskey James , Sharma Umesh
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Creating inclusive schools for students with disabilities is a major leadership responsibility for principals throughout the world. Each national, regional and local context is different, but every principal can help create and support inclusive schools. The purpose of this article is to describe the evolving context of inclusive education and school leadership in the United States aligning what is known to an established leadership framework (Hitt and Tucker, 2016), as there are similarities between the Hitt and Tucker domains and the work of leaders in inclusive schools. The authors emphasize that inclusive leadership is consistent with existing conceptualizations of principals' work. The authors consider specific policies and organizational conditions that support inclusive schools and highlight successes and continuing challenges for principals that can be applied throughout the world.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper utilizes an exploratory approach to review the US policy-related and empirical literature on school leadership for effective inclusive schools. The authors draw across time from research syntheses in school and inclusive leadership from leading journals in educational leadership, special education and edited volumes focused on school leadership. The authors analyze common themes centered on leadership practice, organizational and social conditions and challenges.

Findings

The research review identified effective leadership practices that support inclusive education in the United States and provides a critical discussion of how these findings relate to international research and practice.

Practical implications

The paper considers the relevance of national policy contexts coupled with a review of school leadership for inclusive schools that is insightful for policymakers and practitioners seeking to create more inclusive schools throughout the world.

Originality/value

The paper offers a situated review of leadership for inclusive schools in the United States. As such, this review lays the foundation for a comparative and international conversation on school leadership for inclusion.
On the impossibility of using “the correct” cost–benefit aggregation rule
Authors: Munda Giuseppe , Matarazzo Agata
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to deal with one of the technical difficulties of private and social cost–benefit analysis, i.e. the choice of the proper cost–benefit aggregation rule (or method) to use, when a private capital investment decision has to be taken or a public project appraisal has to be carried out.

Design/methodology/approach

Although the considerable amount of existing literature, the problem of the choice of the right mathematical aggregation rule is still an open one. The majority of authors claim that net present value is a superior method and thus it is the one to be always used. Other authors try to show that various aggregation methods, under specific conditions, arrive at the same recommendation. An exceptional case is the field of education economics where the internal rate of return is widely used.

Findings

This paper offers a survey of this controversial topic which focuses on some clear cut formal properties of the various aggregation methods and considers the empirical characteristics of the different fields of application. Its main conclusion is that no “correct” aggregation rule, always applicable in all decision frameworks, can exist.

Originality/value

Its main objective is to supply clear guidelines to orient practitioners and help the teaching on this topic. Its main conclusion is that no “correct” aggregation rule, always applicable in all decision frameworks, can exist. On the contrary, even if one restricts her/himself to a particular class of investments, often no clear-cut selection can be made.
Organizational unlearning and knowledge transfer in cross-border M&As: the mediating role of knowledge integration from a routine-based view
Authors: Xi Yujuan , Wang Xiangyang , Zhu Yunxia
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the relationships between organizational unlearning and knowledge transfer in cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) from a routine-based view. The study also stresses the mediating role that knowledge integration capability plays in this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

In all, 178 samples were collected from Chinese multinational corporations that experienced cross-border M&As. In addition, the bootstrap method was used to test the mediating role of knowledge integration capability.

Findings

The empirical results indicate that knowledge integration capability is the crucial link between organizational unlearning and knowledge transfer. Specifically, this capability goes beyond the direct effect of organizational unlearning on knowledge transfer and points to the importance of enhancing knowledge integration capability. In turn, knowledge integration capability has a significant influence on knowledge transfer. The study finds that knowledge integration capability mediates the relationship between organizational unlearning and knowledge transfer.

Originality/value

This study adopts a routine-based view to develop a theoretical model for examining the relationship between organizational unlearning, knowledge integration capability and knowledge transfer in the context of cross-border M&As. This model provides new insights for a routine-based understanding of the important mediating role of knowledge integration capability for knowledge transfer and the effects of this role on the specific knowledge transfer, i.e. technological, marketing and managerial knowledge.
Lifelong learning and the structure of professionals' thinking, on the example of case conceptualisation
Authors: Słysz Anna , Haładziński Piotr , Kaczmarek Piotr
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the elements of psychotherapists’ informal education and features of concept maps reflecting the properties of thinking structure.

Design/methodology/approach

To study the structure of professional thinking, a complex diagnostic task (computer-aided conceptual mapping task) was used. The diagnostic task consisted of categorising the client’s statements, presenting relations between the categories and concept maps accounting for problems reported by the client and contributing factors and links between them.

Findings

The obtained results showed that self-education, through participation in scientific conferences and attending training courses, was significantly associated with the number of perceived causal relationships between categories and the number of perceived reciprocal links between conceptual categories.

Originality/value

This research show factors which may contribute to more reliable case conceptualisation in psychotherapy. The method used to measure integrative complexity was original.
Overall justice, perceived organizational support and readiness for change: the moderating role of perceived organizational competence
Authors: Arnéguy Elodie , Ohana Marc , Stinglhamber Florence
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mechanisms and the conditions under which experiencing organizational justice fosters employees' readiness for change. First, this study tests the mediating role of perceived organizational support between overall justice and readiness for change. Second, it examines whether perceived organizational competence moderates this indirect positive effect.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from US employees (N = 230) facing organizational change. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to test the measurement model. Moderated mediation analyses, based on Hayes' (2013) method, were used to examine the hypotheses.

Findings

Overall, the findings support the hypotheses. Justice influences readiness for change through perceived organizational support only for employees who perceive their organization as highly competent.

Originality/value

While a few studies have shown that justice fosters readiness for change, little attention has been paid to the mechanisms and conditions under which justice affects readiness for change. In addition, this research highlights in particular the importance of considering how employees assess the “can do” characteristic of their company in the context of organizational change.
Green consumption practices for sustainability: an exploration through social practice theory
Authors: Beatson Amanda , Gottlieb Udo , Pleming Katrina
Published: April 2020

Purpose

By applying social practice theory to green consumption, this paper extends our understanding of consumer insight on green consumption processes beyond linear decision-making. The purpose of this paper is to provide knowledge about how best to mitigate perceived barriers to green consumption processes including the purchase and disposal of household products and to contribute to current discourse about widening social marketing research beyond a predominant focus on individuals’ behaviours.

Design/methodology/approach

Thematic content analysis exploring the lived experiences of participants’ green consumption was undertaken by conducting 20 in-depth interviews of Australian consumers. These interviews were analysed through a social practice lens.

Findings

The research identified six emergent social practice themes of green consumption. By using social practice theory, a different paradigm of social research than the linear models of behaviour is used. This unconventional investigation into the green consumption process, including the purchase and disposal of household products, extends literature past the attitude–behaviour gap and highlights the importance of aligning green consumption processes with social practice.

Originality/value

By integrating social practice theory into the marketing discipline, this paper explores consumption as part of sustainable marketing and provides suggestions about how best to mitigate perceived barriers to green consumption processes. These insights have relevance to micro-, meso- and macro-levels of social marketing, and can help alter consumption practices making them more sustainable.
A transaction log analysis of EBSCO Discovery Service using Google Analytics: the methodology
Authors: Fischer Rachel K. , Iglesias Aubrey , Daugherty Alice L. , Jiang Zhehan
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The article presents a methodology that can be used to analyze data from the transaction log of EBSCO Discovery Service searches recorded in Google Analytics. It explains the steps to follow for exporting the data, analyzing the data, and recreating searches. The article provides suggestions to improve the quality of research on the topic. It also includes advice to vendors on improving the quality of transaction log software.

Design/methodology/approach

Case study

Findings

Although Google Analytics can be used to study transaction logs accurately, vendors still need to improve the functionality so librarians can gain the most benefit from it.

Research limitations/implications

The research is applicable to the usage of Google Analytics with EBSCO Discovery Service.

Practical implications

The steps presented in the article can be followed as a step-by-step guide to repeating the study at other institutions.

Social implications

The methodology in this article can be used to assess how library instruction can be improved.

Originality/value

This article provides a detailed description of a transaction log analysis process that other articles have not previously described. This includes a description of a methodology for accurately calculating statistics from Google Analytics data and provides steps for recreating accurate searches from data recorded in Google Analytics.
Do proceedings papers in science fields have higher impacts than those in the field of social science and humanities?
Authors: Yang Siluo , Qi Fan
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This study aims to compare the impacts of proceedings papers in the fields of social science and humanities (SSH) and science.

Design/methodology/approach

This study involved not only citations but also altmetric indexes to compare the impacts of proceedings papers among multiple disciplines with 1,779,166 records from Conference Proceedings Citation Index (CPCI) in the Web of Science (WoS) in the period of 2013–2017. The mean value, concentration ratio, Lorenz curves and correlation analysis are utilized into the comparative analysis.

Findings

(1) Proceedings papers in science fields had higher scholarly impacts than those in SSH fields. (2) As for societal impact, clinical, pre-clinical and health still ranked first, whereas physical science and engineering and technologies were transcended by SSH fields, which is different from the scholarly impact of proceedings papers. (3) As for proceedings papers, citations and altmetric indexes have weak or moderate correlations in all six fields, indicating that altmetrics can be supplemented when assessing proceedings papers.

Originality/value

This study is expected to enhance the understanding of proceedings papers and to promote accuracy of evaluation for them by exhibiting the multidisciplinary differences of their scholarly and societal impacts.
Organizational change and work stress, attitudes, and cognitive load utilization: a natural experiment in a university restructuring
Authors: Contreras Salvador , Gonzalez Jorge A.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The authors present a quantitative analysis of the effect that organizational change has on work stress, work attitudes and perceptions, and cognitive utilization in a task.

Design/methodology/approach

First, the authors study the role organizational change has on work stress, attitudes and perceptions, including the role of attitudes toward change. The authors do so by examining differences across employees who are and are not undergoing change, as well as across two change phases. Second, the authors take advantage of the ongoing organizational change to study how people's anxiety about such change affects their cognitive utilization. They use an innovative approach to measure attention disengagement in a cognitive utilization task – a proxy for task-related performance – through a letter detection exercise. Third, the authors examine the role of work stress and change-related anxiety on attention disengagement among employees undergoing change. For this test, they use two organizational change-related texts to function as an anxiety-inducing and a calming-inducing prime.

Findings

Organization change is associated with higher work stress, lower job satisfaction and perceptions of institutional effectiveness and support. Further, organizational change-related anxiety adversely affects cognitive utilization, showing that employees undergoing change have higher attention disengagement relative to those not experiencing change. Among employees undergoing change, those receiving an anxiety-inducing prime show better cognitive utilization (lower attention disengagement) than those receiving the calming-inducing prime.

Originality/value

The rare merger of two public universities provides a natural experiment and a source of exogenous variation to examine the effects of radical organizational change on employees' attitudes, perceptions and task performance.
TRPS1 mutation associated with trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 with 15 supernumerary teeth, hypoplastic mandibular condyles with slender condylar necks and unique hair morphology
Authors: Nik Kantaputra Piranit , Jotikasthira Dhirawat , Carlson Bruce , Wongmaneerung Teerapat , Quarto Natalina , Khankasikum Theerapong , Powcharoen Warit , Intachai Worrachet , Tripuwabhrut Kanich
Published: April 2020

Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1; Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man #190350) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in TRPS1. We report a Thai male with TRPS1 who carried a c.1842C>T (p.Arg615Ter) mutation. He had 15 supernumerary teeth, double mental foramina, hypoplastic mandibular condyles with slender condylar necks and unique ultrastructural hair findings. Body hair was absent. The hair in the area of a congenital melanocytic nevus had a greater number of hair cuticles than normal. Occipital hair had abnormal hair follicles and cuticles. The scale edges of the hair cuticles were detached and rolled up. Hypoplastic mandibular condyles with slender condylar necks, double mental foramina and the rolled up edges of hair cuticles have not been reported in patients with TRPS1.
Novel homozygous deletion of the plakophilin‐1 gene in a Chinese patient with ectodermal dysplasia–skin fragility syndrome
Authors: Sun Bensen , Ran Xin , Wen Pengfei , Liu Lian , Wang Xi , Li Mengmeng , Wang Sheng
Published: April 2020

Ectodermal dysplasia–skin fragility (EDSF) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by skin fragility, chronic cheilitis, palmoplantar keratoderma, abnormal hair growth and nail dystrophy. EDSF syndrome is caused by mutations in the PKP1 gene encoding plakophilin‐1, which result in desmosomal abnormality and poor intercellular cohesion between epidermal cells. Herein, we report a novel homozygous deletion of the PKP1 gene in a Chinese boy with EDSF syndrome. Our study expands the database on PKP1 mutations and emphasizes the key role played by PKP1 in the structure and function of the epidermal desmosomes. In addition, we describe the ultrastructural changes of the curly hair in patients with EDSF syndrome for the first time.
Nighttime warming enhances ecosystem carbon‐use efficiency in a temperate steppe
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Qian , Song Jian , Ru Jingyi , Zhou Zhenxing , Xia Jianyang , Dukes Jeffrey S. , Wan Shiqiang
Published: April 2020

Reductions in the diurnal temperature range (DTR), for example, greater increases in daily minimum than maximum temperatures, have occurred for several decades and are projected to continue over this century, which could affect terrestrial carbon (C) cycling. Carbon‐use efficiency of plants (CUEp) and ecosystems (CUEe) represents the capacity of plants to capture C and ecosystems to store C fixed from the atmosphere, respectively. Few studies have examined how grassland CUE responds to asymmetric warming.

As part of a long‐term (2006–2016) field experiment that simulated daytime and nighttime warming in a semi‐arid temperate steppe on the Mongolian Plateau, this study was conducted to examine the effects of daytime and nighttime warming on CUEp and CUEe.

Nighttime warming, unlike daytime warming, increased CUEe by 54.2%, whereas neither nighttime nor daytime warming affected CUEp. Ecosystem‐level CUE linearly increased with soil moisture but declined with soil temperature variation (CVST). The suppressed ER, which might have been driven by the reduced CVST, primarily contributed to the higher CUEe under nighttime warming.

These observations indicate that a reduced DTR, associated with a warmer night under asymmetric diurnal climate warming, could increase the capacity of the temperate steppe transferring C into ecosystems by elevating CUEe, resulting more C sequestration.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
The social stratification of time use patterns
Authors: Vagni Giacomo
Published: April 2020

Time use is both a cause of social inequality and a consequence of social inequality. However, how social class stratifies time use patterns is seldom studied. In this paper, I describe the time use patterns in the years 1983 and 2015 by social class, and gender in the British context. Using sequence analysis methods, I show how the diversity of time use patterns in British society is socially stratified. I find that 13 clusters capture the heterogeneity of time use patterns and that these clusters are associated with social class, gender, and day of the week. These clusters capture patterns of paid and unpaid work schedules, as well as leisure patterns. The results show that men have experienced a reduction of the standard Monday to Friday 8‐hr working day, while women have experienced a general increase in this type of schedule. On the other hand, patterns of domestic working days have reduced for women and increased for men. Important differences exist in paid and unpaid work patterns between social classes. Working‐class women have experienced an important increase in shift work on weekends. They are also much more likely to be doing unpaid work on weekdays compared to upper‐class and middle‐class women. Working‐class men are more likely to experience non‐working days and leisure days on both weekdays and weekends and are more likely to be doing shift work. They are also more often doing unpaid work on weekdays compared to men in upper‐class households. Patterns of childcare indicate that all families have increased their childcare time. Men in upper‐class households in particular have experienced an important growth in childcare time between 1983 and 2015. I conclude by discussing how time use can further our understanding of social stratification.
Conceptual and empirical obstacles in defining MS‐13
Authors: Barak Maya P. , León Kenneth Sebastian , Maguire Edward R.
Published: April 2020

Research Summary

Past and present gang scholarship is marked by debate as to the appropriate criteria for defining gangs and gang membership. Mara Salvatrucha, or MS‐13, highlights some obstacles in conceptualizing gangs and operationalizing gang membership. Although MS‐13 has generated attention in recent years, little systematic criminological research exists on the gang. Drawing on in‐depth interviews and surveys of law‐enforcement gang experts, we link long‐standing issues of gang definition and measurement to MS‐13 in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area.

Policy Implications

Gang and immigration enforcement are inextricably linked in the case of MS‐13. The ambiguous, contested, and varied means by which gangs are defined and labeled may result in the overpolicing and overcriminalization of young immigrants of color and youth of color in general. Beyond unsubstantiated police stops, arrests, convictions, and gang enhancements, such labeling practices may lead to collateral immigration consequences including deportation and permanent bars to reentry into the United States.
Review article: prevention, diagnosis and management of COVID‐19 in the IBD patient
Authors: Al‐Ani Aysha H. , Prentice Ralley E. , Rentsch Clarissa A. , Johnson Doug , Ardalan Zaid , Heerasing Neel , Garg Mayur , Campbell Sian , Sasadeusz Joe , Macrae Finlay A. , Ng Siew C. , Rubin David T. , Christensen Britt
Published: April 2020

Background

The current COVID‐19 pandemic, caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, has emerged as a public health emergency. All nations are seriously challenged as the virus spreads rapidly across the globe with no regard for borders. The primary management of IBD involves treating uncontrolled inflammation with most patients requiring immune‐based therapies. However, these therapies may weaken the immune system and potentially place IBD patients at increased risk of infections and infectious complications including those from COVID‐19.

Aim

To summarise the scale of the COVID‐19 pandemic, review unique concerns regarding IBD management and infection risk during the pandemic and assess COVID‐19 management options and drug interactions in the IBD population.

Methods

A literature review on IBD, SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19 was undertaken and relevant literature was summarised and critically examined.

Results

IBD patients do not appear to be more susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and there is no evidence of an association between IBD therapies and increased risk of COVID‐19. IBD medication adherence should be encouraged to prevent disease flare but where possible high‐dose systemic corticosteroids should be avoided. Patients should exercise social distancing, optimise co‐morbidities and be up to date with influenza and pneumococcal vaccines. If a patient develops COVID‐19, immune suppressing medications should be withheld until infection resolution and if trial medications for COVID‐19 are being considered, potential drug interactions should be checked.

Conclusions

IBD patient management presents a challenge in the current COVID‐19 pandemic. The primary focus should remain on keeping bowel inflammation controlled and encouraging medication adherence.
Transanal total pelvic exenteration in the prone jackknife position for rectal cancer invading the bladder, seminal vesicles, and small intestine
Authors: Yamaguchi Takuya , Uematsu Dai , Imai Minoru , Akiyama Gaku
Published: April 2020

A 58‐year‐old man had rectal cancer directly invading the urinary bladder and small intestine, without distant metastasis. We successfully performed complete resection using a hybrid approach, including laparoscopic surgery and transanal total pelvic exenteration (TaTPE) with the patient in the prone jackknife (PJK) position. In the PJK position, gravity and pelvic morphology lead to a clear and wide surgical field. This case demonstrates that total pelvic exenteration using laparoscopic surgery and TaTPE in the PJK position provides a better surgical field than either TaTPE or laparoscopic surgery in the supine position. TaTPE in the PJK position may also be useful for curative surgery in locally advanced rectal cancer.
Examining the role of fundamental psychological needs in the development of metadehumanization: A multi‐population approach
Authors: Demoulin Stéphanie , Nguyen Nathan , Chevallereau Tina , Fontesse Sullivan , Bastart Jennifer , Stinglhamber Florence , Maurage Pierre
Published: April 2020

In the present paper, we investigate dehumanization processes from a victim perspective. We propose that dehumanization experiences, that is metadehumanization, arise from people's feelings that their fundamental human needs are thwarted and that such experiences influence their emotions, self‐esteem, and coping strategies. Our model is put at test in three contexts involving different types of dehumanization victims: Women (Study 1a, N = 349), patients with severe alcohol use disorder (Study 1b, N = 120), and employees in organizations (Study 1c, N = 347). Our integrated model of metadehumanization, which considers both its antecedents and consequences, proved stable across contexts and populations and therefore helps building bridges between different psychological disciplines in which dehumanization occurs.
Motivations for (non‐)compliance with conservation rules by small‐scale resource users
Authors: Oyanedel Rodrigo , Gelcich Stefan , Milner‐Gulland E.J.
Published: April 2020

Understanding compliance with conservation rules is key for biodiversity conservation. Here, we assess compliance and its underlying motivations in a small‐scale fishery in Chile. We adapt a framework originally developed for forestry to unpack compliance motivations at within‐individual and between‐individuals levels while accounting for contextual factors. We find that 92–100% fishers comply with temporal or gear rules, while only 3% comply with the quota limit. Legitimacy‐based motivations are more important in explaining why individual fishers comply with temporal/gear rules than they are for compliance with the quota. At the between‐individuals level, we find that normative motivations are significantly related to the degree of non‐compliance with the quota. Contextual factors such as quota levels are key in explaining broader non‐compliance patterns. Our results suggest that considering compliance at appropriate analytical levels is necessary to unpack motivations, guide local and national natural resource management policies, and move toward a better theory of compliance.
Harnessing paleo‐environmental modeling and genetic data to predict intraspecific genetic structure
Authors: Yannic Glenn , Hagen Oskar , Leugger Flurin , Karger Dirk N. , Pellissier Loïc
Published: April 2020

Spatially explicit simulations of gene flow within complex landscapes could help forecast the responses of populations to global and anthropological changes. Simulating how past climate change shaped intraspecific genetic variation can provide a validation of models in anticipation of their use to predict future changes. We review simulation models that provide inferences on population genetic structure. Existing simulation models generally integrate complex demographic and genetic processes but are less focused on the landscape dynamics. In contrast to previous approaches integrating detailed demographic and genetic processes and only secondarily landscape dynamics, we present a model based on parsimonious biological mechanisms combining habitat suitability and cellular processes, applicable to complex landscapes. The simulation model takes as input (a) the species dispersal capacities as the main biological parameter, (b) the species habitat suitability, and (c) the landscape structure, modulating dispersal. Our model emphasizes the role of landscape features and their temporal dynamics in generating genetic differentiation among populations within species. We illustrate our model on caribou/reindeer populations sampled across the entire species distribution range in the Northern Hemisphere. We show that simulations over the past 21 kyr predict a population genetic structure that matches empirical data. This approach looking at the impact of historical landscape dynamics on intraspecific structure can be used to forecast population structure under climate change scenarios and evaluate how species range shifts might induce erosion of genetic variation within species.
Pulmonary response of severely asthmatic horses after intra‐articular administration of methylprednisolone
Authors: Millares‐Ramirez Esther M. , Picotte Khristine , Lavoie Jean‐Pierre
Published: April 2020

Background

Intra‐articular (IA) administration of corticosteroids is performed routinely in equine practice. The lung function of severe asthmatic horses has recently been shown to be improved by IA triamcinolone acetonide (TA). We therefore hypothesised that IA methylprednisolone acetate (MPA), another commonly used corticosteroids, would also decrease the airway obstruction in severe asthmatic horses.

Objectives

To compare the effects of intra‐articular (IA) and intramuscular (IM) methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) administration on lung function and serum cortisol levels in horses with severe asthma.

Study design

Randomised and controlled experiments on severe asthmatic research animals.

Methods

Severe asthmatic horses in exacerbation were administered 200 mg of MPA either intramuscularly (n = 6) or via intra‐articular injections in the tarsocrural joints (n = 6; 100 mg/joint). Serum cortisol concentration and pulmonary function was measured for 8 days.

Results

A significant decrease in pulmonary resistance in the IA group (P = .003, mean diff 1.14) on day 1 in comparison with baseline was observed. A significant decrease from baseline was also observed on serum cortisol values in the IA group 6 hours after injection (P = .001, mean diff 44.5), and at day 1 (P = .003, mean diff 45.1).

Main limitations

Joint health was not evaluated in the current study and the physiological response of the severe asthmatic horses might deviate from that of the milder forms of asthma.

Conclusions

MPA IA administration improves the lung function of severe asthmatic horses. However, this effect was mild and of a short duration.
Task phase‐specific involvement of the rat posterior parietal cortex in performance of the TUNL task
Authors: Scott Gavin A. , Cai Shuang , Song Yuanyi , Liu Max C. , Greba Quentin , Howland John G.
Published: April 2020

The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) participates in cognitive processes including working memory (WM), sensory evidence accumulation, and perceptually guided decision making. However, surprisingly little work has used temporally precise manipulations to dissect its role in different epochs of behavior taking place over short timespans, such as WM tasks. As a result, a consistent view of the temporally precise role of the PPC in these processes has not been described. In the present study, we investigated the temporally specific role of the PPC in the Trial‐Unique, Nonmatching‐to‐Location (TUNL) task, a touchscreen‐based, visuospatial WM task that relies on the PPC. To disrupt PPC activity in a temporally precise manner, we applied mild intracranial electrical stimulation (ICES). We found that intra‐PPC ICES (100 μA) significantly impaired accuracy in TUNL without significantly altering response latency. Moreover, we found that the impairment was specific to ICES applied during the delay and test phases of TUNL. Consistent with previous reports showing delay‐ and choice‐specific neuronal activity in the PPC, the results provide evidence that the rat PPC is required for maintaining memory representations of stimuli over a delay period as well as for making successful comparisons and choices between test stimuli. In contrast, the PPC appears not to be critical for initial encoding of sample stimuli. This pattern of results may indicate that early encoding of visual stimuli is independent of the PPC or that the PPC becomes engaged only when visual stimuli are spatially complex or involve memory or decision making.
Varietal influence of cassava on chemical composition and consumer acceptability of gari
Authors: Akely Pierre Martial Thierry , Gnagne Eliane Hadiowe , To Lou Geraldine Marie‐Laure Tanan , Amani Georges N'Guessan
Published: April 2020

Effects of cassava variety on chemical composition and consumer acceptability of gari were investigated. Three traditional cassava varieties Bonoua 2, Yace and Yavo as well as four improved cassava varieties Bocou 1, Bocou 2, Bocou 3 and TMS (2) 1425 were evaluated. All the varieties had appreciable high value of carbohydrates ranged from 86.6% (TMS (2) 1425) to 90.89% (Bonoua 2). TMS (2) 1425 had the lowest reducing sugar value (0.22%) while Bocou 3 had the highest reducing sugar value (0.38%). Studied gari exhibited low value of hydrogen cyanide with the lowest value found in Bocou 1 (1.53 mg per 100 g). Total fibre value varied to 2.88% (Yace) to 2.28% (Bocou 2). Gari of Bocou 1 and Bocou 3 were the most appreciated. These gari had fairly sweet taste, were fairly bright and contained few impurities. This study demonstrated that cassava variety influenced the chemical composition and consumer acceptability of gari.
A systematic review of the impact of chronic pain on adolescents' school functioning and school personnel responses to managing pain in the schools
Authors: Alsaggaf Fatimah , Coyne Imelda
Published: April 2020

Aims

To critically synthesize empirical studies on the impact of chronic pain on adolescents' school functioning and school personnel responses to managing pain in schools.

Design

Mixed method systematic review.

Data sources

Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC, ScienLO, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were searched for published articles from inception to December 2018.

Review methods

Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Data from the qualitative and quantitative studies were synthesized using parallel‐results convergent integrated design. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool version 2018 were used for assessing the quality of included studies.

Results

Chronic pain appears to have a significant negative influence on adolescents' school attendance, academic performance/achievement, academic competence, physical activities, and social functioning. However, other studies indicated that adolescents with chronic pain had better academic performance and competence than healthy peers and that chronic pain did not affect older adolescents' social functioning. There is limited guidelines and resources for how school personnel can help adolescents to manage pain in schools.

Conclusion

This review supports the need for future research on the impact of adolescents' chronic pain on the full dimensions of school functioning and to identify the effective responses of school personnel to managing adolescents' pain in schools.

Impact

Although findings are somewhat conflicting, overall adolescent's chronic pain appears to have a negative influence on school functioning. Yet limited guidelines exist for how school personnel should respond effectively to manage adolescents' pain in schools. The review indicates the importance of written policies to guide teachers on how to facilitate optimal pain management in schools. It also highlights the significance of clear communication between healthcare professionals and school personnel, adolescents with chronic pain and their parents to support optimal school functioning.