bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some low ellipses in Portuguese
Authors: Lopes Ruth E.V.
Published: April 2020

The paper aims to offer an analysis for the anaphoric null objects found in Brazilian Portuguese as a case of ellipsis. This was first proposed by Cyrino (1994) solely based on the fact that such null elements exhibit strict and sloppy readings, a test not considered trustworthy as a diagnosis for ellipses (see Merchant 2013a; a.o.). We will thus test them based on Jackendoff’s (1971) tests for VP-ellipsis, showing, however, that null objects cannot be subsumed under VP-ellipsis. A phase-based analysis for both cases of ellipsis will be proposed.

Offering a phase-based analysis not only contributes to the understanding of what can be a phase but also accommodates the facts examined in BP as well as its differences with EP.
Brazilian bare nouns in quantity judgments
Authors: Pires De Oliveira Roberta , Beviláqua Kayron
Published: April 2020

The chapter reports the results of applying quantity judgment tests to bare nouns in Brazilian Portuguese. The results show that the bare singular and sentences with no nouns (no cues to atomicity, as argued in Scontras et al. 2017) behave alike, in contrast with plural nouns. Brazilian bare singulars allow for cardinal and volume readings. We show that this is explained by the fact that they carry no linguistic cues to atomicity. Finally, we argue that the difference between English and Brazilian Portuguese may be explained by Chierchia’s (2010, 2014) nominal parameter: English is a predicate language, whereas Brazilian Portuguese is a kind language. The conclusion explores some consequences of this semantic parameter.
Physical properties and magnetic structure of a layered antiferromagnet PrPd0.82Bi2*
Authors: Yang Meng , Yi Changjiang , Zhu Fengfeng , Wang Xiao , Yan Dayu , Miao Shanshan , Su Yixi , Shi Youguo
Published: April 2020

We report the physical properties, crystalline and magnetic structures of singe crystals of a new layered antiferromagnetic (AFM) material PrPd0.82Bi2. The measurements of magnetic properties and heat capacity indicate an AFM phase transition at T
N ∼ 7 K. A large Sommerfeld coefficient of 329.23 mJ⋅mol−1⋅K−2 is estimated based on the heat capacity data, implying a possible heavy-fermion behavior. The magnetic structure of this compound is investigated by a combined study of neutron powder and single-crystal diffraction. It is found that an A-type AFM structure with magnetic propagation wavevector
k
= (0 0 0) is formed below T
N. The Pr3+ magnetic moment is aligned along the crystallographic c-axis with an ordered moment of 1.694(3) μ
B at 4 K, which is smaller than the effective moment of the free Pr3+ ion of 3.58 μ
B. PrPd0.82Bi2 can be grown as large as 1 mm×1 cm in area with a layered shape, and is very easy to be cleaved, providing a unique opportunity to study the interplay between magnetism, possible heavy fermions, and superconductivity.
Neonatal hyperglycemia in a preterm infant managed with a subcutaneous insulin pump
Authors: Muzzy Williamson Julia D , Thurlow Brenda , Mohamed Mohamed W , Yokom Dacotah , Casas Luis
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Successful use of a subcutaneous insulin pump to administer regular insulin to a preterm infant with neonatal hyperglycemia is described.

A 520-g female infant born at 23 weeks’ gestational age via caesarian section was noted to have elevated blood glucose concentrations ranging up to 180 mg/dL (in SI units, 10 mmol/L) on day of life (DOL) 3 and peaking on DOL 9 at 250 mg/dL (13.9 mmol/L) despite conservative glucose infusion rates. Continuous infusion of regular insulin was begun on DOL 8 and continued through DOL 44, with an average insulin infusion rate of 0.08 units/kg/h. The patient experienced blood glucose concentration lability due to multiple factors, resulting in the need for frequent and routine blood glucose concentration monitoring to minimize hypoglycemia events. On DOL 44, a subcutaneous insulin pump was placed and used to provide diluted regular insulin (25 units/mL). After 1 week, the patient’s blood glucose concentration normalized, which led to a reduction in the frequency of glucose monitoring. After 3 weeks, insulin pump use was discontinued. The patient remained euglycemic thereafter.

Conclusion

The use of an insulin pump resulted in decreased blood glucose checks, discontinuation of central line access, and overall better patient care.
Serpentine: a flexible 2D binning method for differential Hi-C analysis
Authors: Baudry Lyam , Millot Gaël A , Thierry Agnes , Koszul Romain , Scolari Vittore F
Published: April 2020

Motivation

Hi-C contact maps reflect the relative contact frequencies between pairs of genomic loci, quantified through deep sequencing. Differential analyses of these maps enable downstream biological interpretations. However, the multi-fractal nature of the chromatin polymer inside the cellular envelope results in contact frequency values spanning several orders of magnitude: contacts between loci pairs separated by large genomic distances are much sparser than closer pairs. The same is true for poorly covered regions, such as repeated sequences. Both distant and poorly covered regions translate into low signal-to-noise ratios. There is no clear consensus to address this limitation.

Results

We present Serpentine, a fast, flexible procedure operating on raw data, which considers the contacts in each region of a contact map. Binning is performed only when necessary on noisy regions, preserving informative ones. This results in high-quality, low-noise contact maps that can be conveniently visualized for rigorous comparative analyses.

Availability and implementation

Serpentine is available on the PyPI repository and https://github.com/koszullab/serpentine; documentation and tutorials are provided at https://serpentine.readthedocs.io/en/latest/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Regional Emergence ofCandida aurisin Chicago and Lessons Learned From Intensive Follow-up at 1 Ventilator-Capable Skilled Nursing Facility
Authors: Pacilli Massimo , Kerins Janna L , Clegg Whitney J , Walblay Kelly A , Adil Hira , Kemble Sarah K , Xydis Shannon , McPherson Tristan D , Lin Michael Y , Hayden Mary K , Froilan Mary Carl , Soda Elizabeth , Tang Angela S , Valley Ann , Forsberg Kaitlin , Gable Paige , Moulton-Meissner Heather , Sexton D Joseph , Jacobs Slifka Kara M , Vallabhaneni Snigdha , Walters Maroya Spalding , Black Stephanie R
Published: April 2020

Background

Since the identification of the first 2 Candida auris cases in Chicago, Illinois, in 2016, ongoing spread has been documented in the Chicago area. We describe C. auris emergence in high-acuity, long-term healthcare facilities and present a case study of public health response to C. auris and carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPOs) at one ventilator-capable skilled nursing facility (vSNF-A).

Methods

We performed point prevalence surveys (PPSs) to identify patients colonized with C. auris and infection-control (IC) assessments and provided ongoing support for IC improvements in Illinois acute- and long-term care facilities during August 2016–December 2018. During 2018, we initiated a focused effort at vSNF-A and conducted 7 C. auris PPSs; during 4 PPSs, we also performed CPO screening and environmental sampling.

Results

During August 2016–December 2018 in Illinois, 490 individuals were found to be colonized or infected with C. auris. PPSs identified the highest prevalence of C. auris colonization in vSNF settings (prevalence, 23–71%). IC assessments in multiple vSNFs identified common challenges in core IC practices. Repeat PPSs at vSNF-A in 2018 identified increasing C. auris prevalence from 43% to 71%. Most residents screened during multiple PPSs remained persistently colonized with C. auris. Among 191 environmental samples collected, 39% were positive for C. auris, including samples from bedrails, windowsills, and shared patient-care items.

Conclusions

High burden in vSNFs along with persistent colonization of residents and environmental contamination point to the need for prioritizing IC interventions to control the spread of C. auris and CPOs.
Burden of Norovirus in the United States, as Estimated Based on Administrative Data: Updates for Medically Attended Illness and Mortality, 2001–2015
Authors: Burke Rachel M , Mattison Claire P , Pindyck Talia , Dahl Rebecca M , Rudd Jessica , Bi Daoling , Curns Aaron T , Parashar Umesh , Hall Aron J
Published: April 2020

Background

Up-to-date estimates of the burden of norovirus, a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in the United States, are needed to assess the potential value of norovirus vaccines in development. We aimed to estimate the rates, annual counts, and healthcare charges of norovirus-associated ambulatory clinic encounters, emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and deaths in the United States.

Methods

We analyzed administrative data on AGE outcomes from 1 July 2001 through 30 June 2015. Data were sourced from IBM MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental Databases (ambulatory clinic and ED visits), the Healthcare Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample (hospitalizations), and the National Center for Health Statistics multiple-cause-of-mortality data (deaths). Outcome data (ambulatory clinic and ED visits, hospitalizations, or deaths) were summarized by month, age group, and setting. Healthcare charges were estimated based on insurance claims. Monthly counts of cause-unspecified gastroenteritis-associated outcomes were modeled as functions of cause-specified outcomes, and model residuals were analyzed to estimate norovirus-associated outcomes. Healthcare charges were estimated by applying average charges per cause-unspecified gastroenteritis encounter to the estimated number of norovirus encounters.

Results

We estimate 900 deaths (95% confidence interval [CI], 650–1100), 109 000 hospitalizations (95% CI, 80 000–145 000), 465 000 ED visits (95% CI, 348 000–610 000), and 2.3 million ambulatory clinic encounters (95% CI, 1.7–2.9 million) annually due to norovirus, with an associated $430–$740 million in healthcare charges.

Conclusions

Norovirus causes a substantial health burden in the United States each year, and an effective vaccine could have important public health impact.
Building a Common Language in Pluralist International Relations Theories
Authors: Telò Mario
Published: April 2020

This article aims to contribute to the gradual building of a common scientific language within the world International Relations (IR) epistemic community. The author shares the objective, indicated by many leading Chinese scholars, of a pluralist IR theory that goes beyond Western-centric mainstream theories to provide a European continental perspective. Such a perspective takes stock, on the one hand, of the legacy of Gramsci, Bobbio, and Habermas, and, on the other, of the theoretical implications of European unity as a sophisticated instance of regional cooperation. Since the dialogue must be at the highest possible theoretical level, the author selects as main partners two leading theories from the increasingly rich and internally various Chinese IR scholarship: the books recently published in English by Qin Yaqing and Yan Xuetong, who represent—not only in China, but at world level—two fundamental references in the international theoretical debate. They lead two innovative approaches: Qin’s relational theory and Yan’s theory of moral realism. The author discusses their main theses and concepts regarding IRT and global governance in a free, open, and dialectic way, notably, the balance between background cultures and multilateral convergence; and the differences between the crucial concepts of hegemony, domination, and leadership, as well as alternative perspectives on global governance within a multipolar world—a new post-hegemonic multilateralism? Or a bipolar global power structure competing for leadership?
Tripal and Galaxy: supporting reproducible scientific workflows for community biological databases
Authors: Spoor Shawna , Wytko Connor , Soto Brian , Chen Ming , Almsaeed Abdullah , Condon Bradford , Herndon Nic , Hough Heidi , Jung Sook , Staton Meg , Wegrzyn Jill , Main Dorrie , Feltus F Alex , Ficklin Stephen P
Published: April 2020

Online biological databases housing genomics, genetic and breeding data can be constructed using the Tripal toolkit. Tripal is an open-source, internationally developed framework that implements FAIR data principles and is meant to ease the burden of constructing such websites for research communities. Use of a common, open framework improves the sustainability and manageability of such as site. Site developers can create extensions for their site and in turn share those extensions with others. One challenge that community databases often face is the need to provide tools for their users that analyze increasingly larger datasets using multiple software tools strung together in a scientific workflow on complicated computational resources. The Tripal Galaxy module, a ‘plug-in’ for Tripal, meets this need through integration of Tripal with the Galaxy Project workflow management system. Site developers can create workflows appropriate to the needs of their community using Galaxy and then share those for execution on their Tripal sites via automatically constructed, but configurable, web forms or using an application programming interface to power web-based analytical applications. The Tripal Galaxy module helps reduce duplication of effort by allowing site developers to spend time constructing workflows and building their applications rather than rebuilding infrastructure for job management of multi-step applications.
High Complexity and Degree of Genetic Variation in Brettanomyces bruxellensis Population
Authors: Gounot Jean-Sébastien , Neuvéglise Cécile , Freel Kelle C , Devillers Hugo , Piškur Jure , Friedrich Anne , Schacherer Joseph
Published: April 2020

Genome-wide characterization of genetic variants of a large population of individuals within the same species is essential to have a deeper insight into its evolutionary history as well as the genotype–phenotype relationship. Population genomic surveys have been performed in multiple yeast species, including the two model organisms, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In this context, we sought to characterize at the population level the Brettanomyces bruxellensis yeast species, which is a major cause of wine spoilage and can contribute to the specific flavor profile of some Belgium beers. We have completely sequenced the genome of 53 B. bruxellensis strains isolated worldwide. The annotation of the reference genome allowed us to define the gene content of this species. As previously suggested, our genomic data clearly highlighted that genetic diversity variation is related to ploidy level, which is variable in the B. bruxellensis species. Genomes are punctuated by multiple loss-of-heterozygosity regions, whereas aneuploidies as well as segmental duplications are uncommon. Interestingly, triploid genomes are more prone to gene copy number variation than diploids. Finally, the pangenome of the species was reconstructed and was found to be small with few accessory genes compared with S. cerevisiae. The pangenome is composed of 5,409 ORFs (open reading frames) among which 5,106 core ORFs and 303 ORFs that are variable within the population. All these results highlight the different trajectories of species evolution and consequently the interest of establishing population genomic surveys in more populations.
Functions of Gtf2i and Gtf2ird1 in the developing brain: transcription, DNA binding and long-term behavioral consequences
Authors: Kopp Nathan D , Nygaard Kayla R , Liu Yating , McCullough Katherine B , Maloney Susan E , Gabel Harrison W , Dougherty Joseph D
Published: April 2020

Gtf2ird1 and Gtf2i are two transcription factors (TFs) among the 28 genes deleted in Williams syndrome, and prior mouse models of each TF show behavioral phenotypes. Here we identify their genomic binding sites in the developing brain and test for additive effects of their mutation on transcription and behavior. GTF2IRD1 binding targets were enriched for transcriptional and chromatin regulators and mediators of ubiquitination. GTF2I targets were enriched for signal transduction proteins, including regulators of phosphorylation and WNT. Both TFs are highly enriched at promoters, strongly overlap CTCF binding and topological associating domain boundaries and moderately overlap each other, suggesting epistatic effects. Shared TF targets are enriched for reactive oxygen species-responsive genes, synaptic proteins and transcription regulators such as chromatin modifiers, including a significant number of highly constrained genes and known ASD genes. We next used single and double mutants to test whether mutating both TFs will modify transcriptional and behavioral phenotypes of single Gtf2ird1 mutants, though with the caveat that our Gtf2ird1 mutants, like others previously reported, do produce low levels of a truncated protein product. Despite little difference in DNA binding and transcriptome-wide expression, homozygous Gtf2ird1 mutation caused balance, marble burying and conditioned fear phenotypes. However, mutating Gtf2i in addition to Gtf2ird1 did not further modify transcriptomic or most behavioral phenotypes, suggesting Gtf2ird1 mutation alone was sufficient for the observed phenotypes.
Integrating the Quantitative Research on the Onset and Incidence of Violent Intrastate Conflicts
Authors: Trinn Christoph , Wencker Thomas
Published: April 2020

Quantitative research into the causes of violent intrastate conflicts has recently shifted away from classical country-year-level regression analyses. When taking steps in new directions, researchers should be mindful of the extent and quality, and indeed of the limitations, of the knowledge accumulated by the scholarly endeavors in the booming period between 2000 and 2015. This article traces trends and patterns regarding the use of explanatory variables and datasets in ninety-four individual studies. It synthesizes findings with regard to 107 explanatory concepts. Drawing on the sign test, the analysis identifies a set of consensus variables likely to determine the onset and incidence of violent intrastate conflict. These factors capture robust covariations and lend themselves as elements of a “standard model specification.” Turning to causal mechanisms, the article discusses why variables that turn out to be significant in statistical analyses should have any effect. This is completed by a substantial discussion of the remaining theoretical problems and of methodological prospects that promise paths for future research.
Mortality in Escherichia coli bloodstream infections: antibiotic resistance still does not make it
Authors: de Lastours V , Laouénan C , Royer G , Carbonnelle E , Lepeule R , Esposito-Farèse M , Clermont O , Duval X , Fantin B , Mentré F , Decousser J W , Denamur E , Lefort A
Published: April 2020

Background

Escherichia coli bloodstream infections (BSIs) account for high mortality rates (5%–30%). Determinants of death are unclear, especially since the emergence of ESBL producers.

Objectives

To determine the relative weight of host characteristics, bacterial virulence and antibiotic resistance in the outcome of patients suffering from E. coli BSI.

Methods

All consecutive patients suffering from E. coli BSI in seven teaching hospitals around Paris were prospectively included for 10 months. E. coli isolates were sequenced using Illumina NextSeq technology to determine the phylogroup, ST/ST complex (STc), virulence and antimicrobial resistance gene content. Risk factors associated with death at discharge or Day 28 were determined.

Results

Overall, 545 patients (mean ± SD age 68.5 ± 16.5 years; 52.5% male) were included. Mean Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was 5.6 (± 3.1); 19.6% and 12.8% presented with sepsis and septic shock, respectively. Portals of entry were mainly urinary (51.9%), digestive (41.9%) and pulmonary (3.5%); 98/545 isolates (18%) were third-generation cephalosporin resistant (3GC-R), including 86 ESBL producers. In-hospital death (or at Day 28) was 52/545 (9.5%). Factors independently associated with death were a pulmonary portal of entry [adjusted OR (aOR) 6.54, 95% CI 2.23–19.2, P = 0.0006], the iha_17 virulence gene (aOR 4.41, 95% CI 1.23–15.74, P = 0.022), the STc88 (aOR 3.62, 95% CI 1.30–10.09, P = 0.014), healthcare-associated infections (aOR 1.98, 95% CI 1.04–3.76, P = 0.036) and high CCI (aOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04–1.26, P = 0.006), but not ESBL/3GC-R.

Conclusions

Host factors, portal of entry and bacterial characteristics remain major determinants associated with mortality in E. coli BSIs. Despite a high prevalence of ESBL producers, antibiotic resistance did not impact mortality. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02890901.)
A computerized decision support system (CDSS) for antibiotic prescription in primary care—Antibioclic: implementation, adoption and sustainable use in the era of extended antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Delory Tristan , Jeanmougin Pauline , Lariven Sylvie , Aubert Jean-Pierre , Peiffer-Smadja Nathan , Boëlle Pierre-Yves , Bouvet Elisabeth , Lescure François-Xavier , Le Bel Josselin
Published: April 2020

Objectives

To describe the implementation and use of a computerized decision support system (CDSS) for antibiotic prescription in primary care in France (Antibioclic). The CDSS targets 37 infectious diseases and has been freely available on a website since 2011.

Methods

Description and implementation of the architecture of a CDSS for antibiotic prescription in general practice. Analysis of the queries made between 2012 and 2018 on the CDSS by GPs. Analysis of two cross-sectional studies of users in 2014 and 2019.

Results

The number of queries increased from a median of 796/day [IQR, 578–989] in 2012 to 11 125/day [5592–12 505] in 2018. Unique users increased from 414/day [245–494] in 2012 to 5365/day [2891–5769] in 2018. Time taken to make a query was 2 min [1.9–2.1]. Among 3 542 347 queries in 2018, 78% were for adults. Six situations accounted for ≥50% of queries: cystitis; acute otitis media; acute sinusitis; community-acquired pneumonia; sore throat; and pyelonephritis. Queries concerned pathologies for which antibiotic prescription was necessary (64%), was conditional on additional clinical steps (34%) or was not recommended (2%). Most users (81%) were GPs, with median age of 38 years [31–52] and 58% were female. Among the 4016 GPs who responded to the surveys, the vast majority (96%) reported using the CDSS during the consultation, with 24% systematically using Antibioclic to initiate an antibiotic course and 93% having followed the CDSS recommendation for the latest prescription. Most GPs were comfortable using the CDSS in front of a patient.

Conclusions

Antibioclic has been adopted and is widely used in primary care in France. Its interoperability could allow its adaptation and implementation in other countries.
Time event ontology (TEO): to support semantic representation and reasoning of complex temporal relations of clinical events
Authors: Li Fang , Du Jingcheng , He Yongqun , Song Hsing-Yi , Madkour Mohcine , Rao Guozheng , Xiang Yang , Luo Yi , Chen Henry W , Liu Sijia , Wang Liwei , Liu Hongfang , Xu Hua , Tao Cui
Published: April 2020

Objective

The goal of this study is to develop a robust Time Event Ontology (TEO), which can formally represent and reason both structured and unstructured temporal information.

Materials and Methods

Using our previous Clinical Narrative Temporal Relation Ontology 1.0 and 2.0 as a starting point, we redesigned concept primitives (clinical events and temporal expressions) and enriched temporal relations. Specifically, 2 sets of temporal relations (Allen’s interval algebra and a novel suite of basic time relations) were used to specify qualitative temporal order relations, and a Temporal Relation Statement was designed to formalize quantitative temporal relations. Moreover, a variety of data properties were defined to represent diversified temporal expressions in clinical narratives.

Results

TEO has a rich set of classes and properties (object, data, and annotation). When evaluated with real electronic health record data from the Mayo Clinic, it could faithfully represent more than 95% of the temporal expressions. Its reasoning ability was further demonstrated on a sample drug adverse event report annotated with respect to TEO. The results showed that our Java-based TEO reasoner could answer a set of frequently asked time-related queries, demonstrating that TEO has a strong capability of reasoning complex temporal relations.

Conclusion

TEO can support flexible temporal relation representation and reasoning. Our next step will be to apply TEO to the natural language processing field to facilitate automated temporal information annotation, extraction, and timeline reasoning to better support time-based clinical decision-making.
Conditioned medium of the osteosarcoma cell line U2OS induces hBMSCs to exhibit characteristics of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts via activation of IL-6/STAT3 signalling
Authors: Lin Longshuai , Huang Kai , Guo Weihong , Zhou Chenghao , Wang Gangyang , Zhao Qinghua
Published: April 2020

As a research hotspot in recent years, bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) play an important role in the process of a variety of human diseases, including cancers. However, in osteosarcoma, the role of BMSCs and their communication with tumour cells are not clear. In this study, we validated the communication of osteosarcoma (OS) cells with BMSCs. The results showed that the conditioned medium of osteosarcoma cell line U2OS (U2OS-CM) induces the carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)-like transformation of BMSCs and promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of BMSCs. Mechanistically, treatment of human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) with U2OS-CM results in a significant increase in the IL-6 expression and phosphorylation of STAT3. Furthermore, blockade of the IL-6/STAT3 signalling in hBMSCs rescues the transformation of CAF phenotype induced by U2OS-CM. And, human IL-6 can directly increase the expression of the CAF marker genes in hMSCs. Meanwhile, IL-6/STAT3 signalling involves in promoting effects of U2OS-CM on the proliferation, migration and invasion of BMSCs. In summary, our results suggest that BMSCs communicate with OS cells through IL-6/STAT3 signalling and play an important role in the progress of osteosarcoma.
Comparative Analysis of Stylet Penetration Behaviors of Eriosoma lanigerum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Main Apple Cultivars in China
Authors: Hao Zhou , Lingjun Du , Fang-Hao Wan , Hongxu Zhou
Published: April 2020

The preference and behavioral mechanism of the feeding behavior of the woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), on Chinese apple cultivars was investigated using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique. Feeding of adult aphids was assessed for the four main cultivars of apple in China (Red Fuji, Ralls Genet, Starkrimson, and Jonagold) over an 8-h monitoring period, what that of fourth-instar nymphs was assessed for 8 h on Jonagold only. EPG waveforms representing the details of probing behaviors, parameters were measured for analysis. We found that at the nonphloem phase, the total duration of the nonpenetration (np) waveform and the total duration of the stylet pathway phase (the ‘C wave’) on Ralls Genet and Starkrimson were significantly longer than on Red Fuji. In addition, the phloem-feeding phase, the total duration of ‘release of saliva into the phloem’, (the E1 waveform) was significantly longer on Ralls Genet and Jonagold than on Red Fuji. The total duration of the ‘ingestion from sieve cells’ phase (the E2 waveform) on Red Fuji, meanwhile, was significantly longer than on Ralls Genet or Starkrimson. At the same time, when combined with EPG parameters, Red Fuji was found to have no obvious resistance to woolly apple aphid and to be a susceptible cultivar. This experiment also recorded the feeding waveform of fourth-instar aphid nymphs. Based on the phloem and nonphloem parameters recorded in this study, it was inferred that adult aphids are more likely than nymphs to feed on apple trees.
A phase III randomized controlled trial comparing surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy with preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy for locally recurrent rectal cancer: Japan Clinical Oncology Group study JCOG1801 (RC-SURVIVE study)
Authors: Kadota Tomohiro , Tsukada Yuichiro , Ito Masaaki , Katayama Hiroshi , Mizusawa Junki , Nakamura Naoki , Ito Yoshinori , Bando Hideaki , Ando Masahiko , Onaya Hiroaki , Fukuda Haruhiko , Kanemitsu Yukihide
Published: April 2020

A randomized phase III trial was initiated in Japan in August 2019 to confirm the superiority of preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy compared to the standard treatment, i.e. surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy, for locally recurrent rectal cancer in local relapse-free survival. In all, 110 patients from 43 Japanese institutions will be recruited over a period of 6 years. Eligible patients would be registered and randomly assigned to each group with an allocation ratio of 1:1. The primary endpoint is local relapse-free survival. The secondary endpoints are overall survival, relapse-free survival, proportion of local relapse, proportion of distant relapse, proportion of patients with pathological R0 resection, response rate of preoperative chemoradiotherapy (preoperative chemoradiotherapy arm), pathological complete response rate (preoperative chemoradiotherapy arm), proportion of patients who completed the protocol treatment, incidence of adverse events (adverse reactions) and quality of life after surgery. This trial has been registered at the Japan Registry of Clinical Trial: jRCTs031190076 [https://jrct.niph.go.jp/latest-detail/jRCTs031190076] and ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04288999 [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04288999].
The Endoscopic Trans-Superior Articular Process Approach: A Novel Minimally Invasive Surgical Corridor to the Lateral Recess
Authors: Hasan Saqib , White-Dzuro Brie , Barber Jason K , Wagner Ralf , Hofstetter Christoph P
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Transforaminal approaches to the lumbar spine are typically performed utilizing Kambin's triangle as approach corridor; however, degenerative changes can distort anatomy and expose the exiting nerve root to inadvertent injury.

OBJECTIVE

To describe the surgical technique of a novel full-endoscopic approach to access the lateral recess and report clinical outcomes.

METHODS

The trans-superior articular process (SAP) approach involves partial resection of the SAP, allowing access to the lateral recess both ventral and dorsal to the traversing nerve root. A retrospective review of 40 patients who had undergone a trans-SAP approach for decompression of lateral recess pathology was conducted. Outcomes were measured using visual analog scores (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) at 2 wk, 3 mo, and at last follow-up.

RESULTS

At a mean follow-up of 24 mo, patients experienced statistically significant improvement of the VAS for ipsilateral leg pain, VAS for back pain, and ODI when comparing preoperative values to all postoperative time points. The percentage of patients reaching a minimally clinically important difference for VAS leg pain and ODI was approximately 90% and 88%, respectively. The complication profile was favorable with no dural tears and no postoperative motor or sensory deficits. One patient required revision, with a total reoperation rate of 3%.

CONCLUSION

The trans-SAP approach is a novel approach that utilizes a safe surgical corridor via the SAP to access lateral recess pathology. Our initial clinical experience suggests that the trans-SAP approach allows for treatment of lateral recess and foraminal pathology with low complication rates.
Self-reported poor sleep on multiple dimensions is associated with higher total health care costs in older men
Authors: Schousboe John T , Kats Allyson M , Stone Katie L , Langsetmo Lisa , Vo Tien N , Blackwell Terri L , Buysse Daniel J , Ancoli-Israel Sonia , Ensrud Kristine E
Published: April 2020

Study Objectives

To estimate the association of self-reported poor sleep in multiple dimensions with health care costs in older men.

Methods

Participants were 1,413 men (mean [SD] age 76.5 [5.7] years) enrolled in both the Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men (MrOS Sleep) study and Medicare Fee-for-Service. Poor sleep was characterized at the baseline MrOS Sleep visit on five dimensions (satisfaction, daytime sleepiness, timing, latency, and duration). Health care costs and utilization were ascertained over 3 years of follow-up using Medicare Claims.

Results

Median (interquartile range [IQR]) annualized total health care costs (2018 US dollars) rose from $3,616 (IQR 1,523–7,875) for those with no impaired sleep dimensions to $4,416 (IQR 1,854–11,343) for men with two impaired sleep dimensions and $5,819 (IQR 1,936–15,569) for those with at least three impaired sleep dimensions. After multivariable adjustment, the ratio of total health care costs (CR) was significantly higher for men with two (1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03– to 1.48) and men with at least three impaired sleep dimensions (1.78, 95% CI 1.42 to 2.23) vs. those with no impaired sleep dimensions. After excluding 101 men who died during the 3-year follow-up period, these associations were attenuated and not significant (CR 1.22, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.53 for men ≥3 impaired sleep dimensions vs. none).

Conclusions

Self-reported poor sleep on multiple dimensions is associated with higher subsequent total health care costs in older men, but this may be due to higher mortality and increased health care costs toward the end of life among those with poor sleep health.
Improving trust in trusts: introducing the Philanthropy.Insight tool
Authors: Graf Strachwitz Rupert , Alter Rolf
Published: April 2020

Given a general tendency to mistrust larger institutions and increasing queries regarding the legitimacy of private trusts and foundations in modern democratic societies, new tools need to be developed in order to be able to fend off criticism. Concentrating on outcomes and impact alone is arguably not sufficient. This article introduces Philanthropy.Insight, a new and more comprehensive tool by which the work of trusts and foundations may be better assessed.
Molecular Marker Based Design for Breeding Wheat Lines with Multiple Resistance and Superior Quality
Authors: Liu Tao , Fedak George , Zhang Lianquan , Zhou Rangrang , Chi Dawn , Fetch Tom , Hiebert Colin , Chen Wenjie , Liu Baolong , Liu Dengcai , Zhang Huaigang , Zhang Bo
Published: April 2020

There has not been a major wheat stem rust epidemic worldwide since the 1970s, but the emergence of race TTKSK of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in 1998 presented a great threat to the world wheat production. Single disease-resistance genes are usually effective for only several years before the pathogen changes genetically to overcome the resistance. Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is one of the most common and persistent wheat diseases worldwide. The development of varieties with multiple resistance is the most economical and effective strategy for preventing stripe rust and stem rust, the two main rust diseases constraining wheat production. Plateau 448 has been widely used in the spring wheat growing region in northwest China, but it has become susceptible to stripe rust and is susceptible to TTKSK. To produce more durable resistance to race TTKSK as well as to stripe rust, four stem rust resistance genes (Sr33, Sr36, Sr-Cad, and Sr43) and three stripe rust resistance genes (Yr5, Yr18, and Yr26) were simultaneously introgressed into Plateau 448 to improve its stem rust (Ug99) and stripe rust resistance using a marker-assisted backcrossing strategy combined with phenotypic selection. We obtained 131 BC1F5 lines that pyramided two to four Ug99 resistance genes and one to two Pst resistance genes simultaneously. Thirteen of these lines were selected for their TTKSK resistance, and all of them exhibited near immunity or high resistance to TTKSK. Among the 131 pyramided lines, 95 showed high resistance to mixed Pst races. Nine lines exhibited not only high resistance to TTKSK and Pst but also better agronomic traits and high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit compositions than Plateau 448.
Nurses on the frontline
Authors: Kiper Valerie , Geist Rebecca
Published: April 2020

Nursing practice is changing as healthcare evolves from a focus on acute care to be more community-based.
The Clinical Presentation and Immunology of Viral Pneumonia and Implications for Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Darden Dijoia B. , Hawkins Russell B. , Larson Shawn D. , Iovine Nicole M. , Prough Donald S. , Efron Philip A.
Published: April 2020

Objectives:

This review will briefly examine the clinical presentation and important immunology of viral pneumonia with a focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (coronavirus disease 2019).

Data Sources, Study Selection, Data Extraction, and Data Synthesis:

The most relevant, original and review literature were assessed for inclusion in this review. Sources included the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization, and PubMed.

Conclusions:

Pneumonia is a leading cause of hospitalization and death worldwide, with viral etiologies being very common. Given the rapidly emerging pandemic associated with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing coronavirus disease 2019, it is important to review the clinical presentation and immunologic changes associated with viral pneumonia. Symptoms of viral pneumonia include common respiratory tract infection symptoms of cough, fever, and shortness of breath. Immunologic changes include up-regulation of airway pro-inflammatory cytokines and pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns contributing to cytokine and genomic changes. Coronavirus disease 2019 clinical presentation is typical of viral pneumonia with an increased prevalence of early pulmonary infiltrates and lymphopenia. Principles of early coronavirus disease 2019 management and isolation as well as potential therapeutic approaches to the emerging pandemic are discussed.
Stress (Takotsubo) Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Pal Suman , Broker Michael , Wagner Hilary , Aronow Wilbert S. , Frishman William H.
Published: April 2020

Stress (Takotsubo) cardiomyopathy (SC) is becoming an increasingly recognized syndrome, previously underdiagnosed due to its similar presentation to acute coronary syndrome (ACS). With advancements in imaging and diagnostic tools, our ability to recognize, diagnose and subsequently manage SC has advanced as well. Multiple diagnostic criteria have been created for the diagnosis of SC. While the diagnosis of SC does not always require imaging, advanced imaging can aid in the diagnosis of SC in unclear cases. However, due to the severity of ACS and the consequences of missing that diagnosis, SC is still typically a diagnosis of exclusion once ACS has been ruled out on cardiac catheterization. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of SC is still evolving. While catecholamine surges are widely believed to be the precipitating cause of SC, the exact mechanism for how catecholamine surges lead to ventricular dysfunction is still being debated. Understanding the mechanism behind ventricular dysfunction in SC can potentially provide the basis for treatment. Different stressors may lead to different variants of cardiomyopathy, with different portions of the ventricles affected. Treatment of SC is largely supportive and therefore should be tailored to the patient’s individual needs based on the severity of presentation. Both the underlying stressor and the variant of SC affect time to recovery and mortality. Many patient factors can impact prognosis as well. Even after initial hospital discharge for SC, long-term risks do exist, including the risk for recurrent SC. Only angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have been shown to reduce the recurrence of SC.
Effects of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 on Burn Injury and Repair Process: Analysis Using a Refined Mouse Model
Authors: Hishida Kensaku , Hatano Sonoko , Furukawa Hiroshi , Yokoo Kazuhisa , Watanabe Hideto
Published: April 2020

Background:

Burn injury is one of the most debilitating traumas, which induces multiple organ dysfunctions, resulting in high levels of morbidity and mortality. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) has been applied to burn injury, whose precise mechanisms underlying facilitating the healing have not been fully understood. Although various animal models have been developed in pigs, rabbits, rats, and mice, no mouse model that creates burns consistent in their extent and depth have not been developed. Here, we developed a mouse burn model, and investigated details of the burn process, and elucidated the mechanisms of FGF2 effects.

Methods:

A device with an 8-mm metal probe and a temperature controller was developed, which controls the temperature of the probe. Using the device, 1 or 2 of full-thickness burn injuries were generated on the back under catagen/telogen of 6-month-old C57BL/6 male mice. After 24 hours, FGF2 or phosphate-buffered saline was injected into the injured region, and at days 3, 5, and 7, histological and immunohistochemical analysis was performed to observe the injury and repair process.

Results:

The device constantly generated a mouse full-thickness burn injury. The repair was initiated on the bottom of the burn as well as the margin. Local treatment with FGF2 displayed higher levels of immunostaining for both CD31+ and alpha-smooth muscle actin.

Conclusions:

The device we developed is useful to generate a mouse burn injury model. FGF2 facilitates tissue repair with an increased number of both CD31+ and αSMA+ cells.
Mindfulness Workshops Effects on Nurses' Burnout, Stress, and Mindfulness Skills
Authors: Sarazine Julia , Heitschmidt Mary , Vondracek Hugh , Sarris Samantha , Marcinkowski Natalia , Kleinpell Ruth
Published: April 2020

Burnout decreases work performance and quality of care and can result in medical errors, lower patient satisfaction, and higher rates of turnover. A study of 68 000 registered nurses showed that 35% of hospital nurses were experiencing symptoms of burnout. A systematic review identified that mindfulness-based interventions for health care professionals reduced stress and burnout and increased self-compassion and general health. However, the authors determined that more high-quality research is needed. This study examined the impact of a 4-hour workshop on burnout syndrome, perceived stress, and mindfulness skills. The objective of this study was to determine whether a 4-hour mindfulness workshop was effective in reducing burnout and perceived levels of stress and increasing mindfulness. Nurses at a Midwest academic medical center were recruited through e-mail to attend a 4-hour mindfulness workshop. Participants completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory—Human Service Survey, Perceived Stress Scale, and Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale–Revised prior to the start of the workshop and 1 and 6 months after the workshop. The study design allowed for comparisons preintervention and postintervention. Of the 52 nurses who completed the baseline questionnaires, 94% were female with an average age of 38 years. Thirty-one percent completed the questionnaires at 1 month and 20 nurses at 6 months. At 1 month, nurses reported statistically significant decreased perceptions of stress (−2.31, P = .01) and emotional exhaustion (−4.78, P = .03). Mindfulness skills, personal accomplishment, and depersonalization improved but were not statistically significant. At 6 months, statistically significant findings included increased perceptions of mindfulness (2.50, P = .04), personal accomplishment (4.43, P = .04), and decreased emotional exhaustion (−6.21, P = .05). Perceptions of stress and depersonalization improved but were not statistically significant. In this study, nurses reported decreases in burnout and perceived stress and increases in mindfulness after attending a 4-hour mindfulness workshop. Further research is needed to determine the long-term impact of mindfulness-based training on nurses' burnout, stress, and mindfulness skills. The results of this study add to the body of literature that supports the benefits of mindfulness-based interventions.
Interlay Myringoplasty With Anterior Subannular Grafting Technique for Anterior and Subtotal Perforations
Authors: Kawano Hirokazu
Published: April 2020

Objective:

To describe the interlay myringoplasty with anterior subannular grafting technique and evaluate postoperative hearing and complications of this technique.

Study Design:

Retrospective chart review.

Patients:

We included 141 patients with anterior and subtotal tympanic membrane (TM) perforation. Patients who underwent concurrent ossicular chain reconstruction were included in graft success and complication rates evaluations, and were excluded from audiometric evaluation.

Interventions:

Only squamous layer of the TM continuous with posterior meatal skin is elevated except one of anterioinferior annulus. The inner tympanic remnant is released from the anterioinferior annulus and then the subannular mucosa is separated from the annulus to fashion a subannular pocket. The anterior edge of the graft is inserted into the pocket, and the rest of the graft is sandwiched between the two divided layers of the TM.

Main Outcome Measures:

Graft success rate and hearing results were evaluated at 6 months postoperatively. Postoperative complications were also noted.

Results:

The technique was successfully performed in 132 (93.6%) cases. Graft success rate was 98.3% (111/113) and the mean improvement of the air-bone gap was 9.5 dB, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001). There was no anterior blunting or TM lateralization. The pearl formations were found in six (5.3%) patients. All of them were easily removed at follow-up examination.

Conclusions:

The present study showed the interlay myringoplasty with anterior subannular grafting technique produces excellent results to repair anterior or subtotal TM perforations with few risk of anterior blunting and lateralization of the TM.