bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution of microglia/immune cells in the brain of adult zebrafish in homeostatic and regenerative conditions: Focus on oxidative stress during brain repair
Authors: Narra Sai Sandhya , Rondeau Philippe , Fernezelian Danielle , Gence Laura , Ghaddar Batoul , Bourdon Emmanuel , Lefebvre d'Hellencourt Christian , Rastegar Sepand , Diotel Nicolas
Published: October 2022

Microglia are macrophage‐like cells exerting determinant roles in neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress processes during brain regeneration. We used zebrafish as a model of brain plasticity and repair. First, by performing L‐plastin (Lcp1) immunohistochemistry and using transgenic Tg(mpeg1.1:GFP) or Tg(mpeg1.1:mCherry) fish, we analyzed the distribution of microglia/immune cells in the whole brain. Specific regional differences were evidenced in terms of microglia/immune cell density and morphology (elongated, branched, highly branched, and amoeboid). Taking advantage of Tg(fli:GFP) and Tg(GFAP::GFP) enabling the detection of endothelial cells and neural stem cells (NSCs), we highlighted the association of elongated microglia/immune cells with blood vessels and rounded/amoeboid microglia with NSCs. Second, after telencephalic injury, we showed that L‐plastin cells were still abundantly present at 5 days post‐lesion (dpl) and were associated with regenerative neurogenesis. Finally, RNA‐sequencing analysis from injured telencephalon (5 dpl) confirmed the upregulation of microglia/immune cell markers and highlighted a significant increase of genes involved in oxidative stress (nox2, nrf2a, and gsr). The analysis of antioxidant activities at 5 dpl also revealed an upregulation of superoxide dismutase and persistent H2O2 generation in the injured telencephalon. Also, microglia/immune cells were shown to be a source of oxidative stress at 5 dpl. Overall, our data provide a better characterization of microglia/immune cell distribution in the healthy zebrafish brain, highlighting some evolutionarily conserved features with mammals. They also emphasize that 5 days after injury, microglia/immune cells are still activated and are associated to a persistent redox imbalance. Together, these data raise the question of the role of oxidative stress in regenerative neurogenesis in zebrafish.
Enhanced Carbon Capture Behavior of Carbon Fibers via Ionic Liquid Modification
Authors: Mokhtari‐Nori Narges , Luo Huimin , Paul Ryan , Vautard Frederic , Fu Yuqing , Fan Juntian , Jiang De‐en , Yang Zhenzhen , Dai Sheng
Published: October 2022

Carbon‐based materials are widely deployed in carbon capture but are only limited to physisorption procedures. Further extending functionalized carbon materials to CO2 chemisorption under low CO2 concentration is highly desirable yet challenging. Herein, a carbon fiber composed of solely ultra‐micropores (∼0.45 nm) was deployed as the precursor to avoid the pore blocking effect, which was modified by superbase‐derived ionic liquids (ILs) containing strong interaction sites with CO2. By forming a thin coating layer on the surface, the as‐afforded surface‐functionalized fiber materials demonstrated enhanced CO2 uptake capacity and improved CO2 sorption kinetics, as evaluated by both the volumetric method and thermogravimetric analysis, as well as the calculated energy distribution curves. The achievements made in this work provide guidance on the functionalization of carbon‐based materials towards enhanced CO2 chemisorption by forming a thin layer of selected IL coating.
Steric Control in Activator‐Induced Nucleophilic Quencher Detachment‐Based Probes: High‐Contrast Imaging of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1A1 in Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Oe Masahiro , Suzuki Kanae , Miki Koji , Mu Huiying , Ohe Kouichi
Published: October 2022

Turn‐on fluorescence probes can visualize the enzyme activity with high contrast. We have established a new turn‐on mechanism, activator‐induced nucleophilic quencher detachment (AiQd), and developed AiQd‐based turn‐on fluorescence probes for the detection of enzymes. Herein, we demonstrate that the precise steric control efficiently quenches the fluorescence of AiQd‐based turn‐on probes before the enzymatic transformation. Theoretical calculation appropriately predicted the ratio of the fluorescence‐quenched closed‐ring form of probes. βC5S‐A, which has a sterically demanding methyl group at the β‐position of a fluorescence‐quenching nucleophilic mercapto group, showed a low background signal. βC5S‐A responded to aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) with high selectivity, thereby enabling high‐contrast live imaging of cancer stem cells (signal‐to‐noise ratio >10). The ALDH1A1‐responsiveness of βC5S‐A was not significantly affected by amino acids and biological thiols, such as cysteine and glutathione.
Interactive role of miR‐29, miR‐93, miR‐205, and VEGF in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Bayat Parisa , Mahdavi Nazanin , Younespour Shima , Kardouni Khoozestani Neda
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is one of the most common salivary gland tumors in which patients encounter local recurrence and lung metastases. Understanding prognostic biomarkers in SACC is essential for future development in prognosis and treatment. This study aimed to assess the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its potential regulatory microRNAs in SACC for prognostic determination.

Material and Methods

The expression of VEGF in SACC samples was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Potential regulatory microRNAs were evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. Associations between VEGF and microRNAs expression and clinicopathological parameters were investigated.

Results

VEGF expression levels positively correlated with histologic grade (p = .004) and treatment modality (p = .04). Decreased expression of miR‐29a (p = .01) and increased expression of miR‐93‐5p and miR‐205 (both p < .0001) were observed in SACC compared to normal salivary gland tissue. MiR‐93‐5p showed a positive association (p = .02) with VEGF overexpression.

Conclusions

Our results showed the downregulation of miR‐29 and overexpression of miR‐93 and miR‐205 in the SACC group, and the correlation between miR‐93 and VEGF suggests these biomarkers as potential prognostic markers in the future.
Modeling the spatial evolution wildfires using random spread process
Authors: Díaz‐Avalos Carlos , Juan Pablo
Published: October 2022

The study of wildfire spread and the growth of the area burned is an important task in ecological studies and in other contexts. In this work we present a model for fire spread and show the results obtained from simulations of burned areas. The model is based on probabilities of fire at different locations. Such probabilities are obtained from the intensity function of a spatial point process model fitted to the observed pattern of fires in the Valencian Community for the years 1993–2015. The models, applied to different wildfires in Spain, including the different temporal states, combines the features of a network model with those of a quasi‐physical model of the interaction between burning and nonburning cells, which strongly depends on covariates. The results of the simulated wildfire burned areas resemble the burned areas observed in real cases, suggesting that the model proposed, based on a Markov process called Random Spread Process, works adequately. The model can be extended to simulate other random spread processes such as epidemics.
Prevalence of substance use among Iranian male adolescents: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hosseini Jalil , Shojaeefar Ehsan , Pooladgar Parham , Aliakbari Fereshteh , Ganji Maryam , Hamdieh Mostafa , Kheradmand Ali , Fashami Mahta Abbasi
Published: October 2022

Background and aims

Substance use among adolescents is one of the most challenging behavioral disorders with direct consequences. It is of the essence (that) the prevalence of substance use is investigated among Iranian male adolescents.

Methods

The present study is a systematic review and meta‐analysis. All published articles titled “prevalence of substance use among Iranian adolescents” authored in Persian and English from 2004 to 2020 on Pub Med, Scopus, SID, and Google Scholar, a top list of academic research databases, were reviewed. Thirty‐three out of 805 articles, hinge on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were eligible. Statistical analysis carried out in STATA 14.0.Q index, I2 index, and χ2 test were applied.

Results

Overall prevalence reported with (95% confidence interval) for substance use 7% (4%–11%), methamphetamine 4% (3%–6%), tobacco 10% (3%–19%), and any addictive substances 4% (2%–7%) among male adolescents respectively. Besides, overall prevalence of alcohol consumption reported 10% (8%–11%).

Conclusion

The prevalence of substance use among male adolescents is high, so it is indispensable for researchers to pay special attention to this issue.
Function and prognostic value of N6‐methyladenosine‐modified RNAs in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Jiayuan , Zheng Zhi , Zhong Jinlong
Published: October 2022

Background

Aberrant regulation of N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification is reportedly vital for cancer progression, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, current studies mainly focus on the function and mechanism of m6A‐modified regulators, such as m6A writers (METTL3 and METTL14), erasers (ALKBH5 and FTO), and readers (YTHDF1 and YTHDF2). The landscape, function, and prognostic value of RNAs by m6A‐modified have not been fully clarified until now.

Methods

The present study identified 57 RNAs with significantly different m6A‐methylation levels in LUAD tissues using epitranscriptomic microarray analysis.

Results

Among the 57 RNAs, 28 and 29 were hypermethylated and hypomethylated, respectively. The m6A‐methylation level increased in mRNA and long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) but decreased in small non‐coding RNA. After pathway enrichment analyses, RNA metabolism‐associated pathways such as nucleotide metabolism were enriched in total and m6A‐hypermethylated mRNAs. Furthermore, lncRNA networks were built using miRNet tools, revealing that the immune system was closed to m6A‐modified lncRNAs. To evaluate the prognostic value of mRNAs with hypermethylated or hypomethylated, we calculated the risk scores, and constructed signatures to predict the survival time of patients with LUAD using multicox regression analysis. In addition, hypermethylated‐mRNA and hypomethylated‐mRNA signatures were established. The survival plotter showed that these two signatures effectively predicted the survival time of patients with LUAD.

Conclusions

The results of the present study support the evidence for understanding the expression, function, and potential prognostic values of m6A‐modified RNAs, possibly promoting effective therapies for patients with LUAD.
Comparison of DNA purification methods for high‐throughput sequencing of fungal communities from wine fermentation
Authors: Gobert Antoine , Evers Marie Sarah , Morge Christophe , Sparrow Céline , Delafont Vincent
Published: October 2022

High‐throughput sequencing approaches, which target a taxonomically discriminant locus, allow for in‐depth insight into microbial communities’ compositions. Although microorganisms are historically investigated by cultivation on artificial culture media, this method presents strong limitations, since only a limited proportion of microorganisms can be grown in vitro. This pitfall appears even more limiting in enological and winemaking processes, during which a wide range of molds, yeasts, and bacteria are observed at the different stages of the fermentation course. Such an understanding of those dynamic communities and how they impact wine quality therefore stands as a major challenge for the future of enology. As of now, although high‐throughput sequencing has already allowed for the investigation of fungal communities, there is no available comparative study focusing on the performance of microbial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction in enological matrixes. This study aims to provide a comparison of five selected extraction methods, assayed on both must and fermenting must, as well as on finished wine. These procedures were evaluated according to their extraction yields, the purity of their extracted DNA, and the robustness of downstream molecular analyses, including polymerase chain reaction and high‐throughput sequencing of fungal communities. Altogether, two out of the five assessed microbial DNA extraction methods (DNeasy PowerSoil Pro Kit and E.Z.N.A.® Food DNA Kit) appeared suitable for robust evaluations of the microbial communities in wine samples. Consequently, this study provides robust tools for facilitated upcoming studies to further investigate microbial communities during winemaking using high‐throughput sequencing.
Storage of chicken breast meat in paper coated with different types of hydrophobic agents
Authors: Peter Anca , Mihaly Cozmuta Leonard , Nicula Camelia , Mihaly Cozmuta Anca , Drazic Goran , Peñas Antonio , Kamgang Nzekoue Franks , Huang Xiaohui , Sagratini Gianni , Silvi Stefania
Published: October 2022

Chicken meat is well known for its high nutritional value. Its shelf life is short, due to the pronounced perishability, even under refrigeration. Paper bags are usually used as packaging materials, due to their biodegradability. The main negative aspect concerning paper is its high porosity and low moisture barrier. In this regard, it has to be coated/modified with efficient moisture barrier materials. The storage of chicken breast meat wrapped in four types of paper‐based materials currently in use in Romania (RO), Italy (IT), Spain (SP) and Slovenia (SLO) is reported. RO and IT are paper coated with polyethylene (PE) film, SP is waxed paper, and SLO is paper modified with hydrophobized starch. The influence of the coating film on the organoleptical, biochemical and microbiological characteristics of the chicken breast meat stored at 4°C was the aim of the study. The mathematical modelling revealed two aspects: (1) the stability period in which the meat safe for consumption is in the range 1.92–2.18 days in the case of all paper types, and (2) cadaverine, the amine generated by protein degradation, is a less sensitive indicator of the meat alteration than microbial growth. The papers coated with PE (RO and IT samples) and with hydrophobized starch (SLO paper) were packaging materials more efficient that the waxed paper (SP sample). The polyethylene film reduced the conversion of putrescine into spermidine in a higher extent than wax.
The determinants of the inequality in CO2 emissions per capita between developing countries and their implications for environmental policy
Authors: Padilla Rosa Emilio , Jadotte Evans
Published: October 2022

We analyze the differences in CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per capita between developing countries and how these are influenced by a series of affluence, structural, demographic, and climatic variables. First, a regression analysis provides new evidence on the determinants of CO2 emissions in developing countries. We find an N‐shaped relationship with GDP per capita and a negative impact of the agriculture share and average daily minimum temperatures, while urbanization and the share of potentially active population would be positively correlated with emissions per capita. Second, by using the regression‐based inequality decomposition method, we indicate the weight of each significant determinant in explaining the inequality in CO2 emissions per capita between developing countries. The main contributors are economic affluence and the potentially active population, in this order. We study the relevance of each factor in the changes experienced by inequality over time. Some of our results contrast with previous evidence for more heterogeneous samples. We derive some relevant implications for environmental and energy policy in developing countries.
Effect of Storage Temperature on Physical Properties and Application in Packaging of the Soybean Isolate Protein–Corn Starch Composite Films
Authors: Zhu Tingwei , Ma Luyan , Li Qianyu , Fan Peipei , Wei Qian , Guo Xingfeng , Chen Fusheng
Published: October 2022

In order to evaluate the stability of soybean isolate protein (SPI)–corn starch (CS) composite films, physical properties and application in packaging of the SPI‐based composite films are observed during storage. Results show that mechanical property changed more obvious (increased TS and descended EB) with increase of storage temperature from 5 to 35 °C and increased CS content in the SPI‐CS composite films is not in advantage of mechanical property improvement. Furthermore, combined with results of light transmittance, oil barrier property, and water solubility, it is obtained that low temperature (≤20 °C) is preferred for storage of SPI‐based composite films, and SPI:CS (4:1) composite film shows best performance during the whole storage. Finally, films applied in packaging result indicate the SPI:CS (4:1) composite film can be selected as seasoning inner packaging at low temperature.
Genomic prediction for the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize project
Authors: Rogers Anna R. , Bian Yang , Krakowsky Matthew , Peters David , Turnbull Clint , Nelson Paul , Holland James B.
Published: October 2022

The Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) project was initiated in 1993 as a cooperative effort of public‐ and private‐sector maize (Zea mays L.) breeders to enhance the genetic diversity of the U.S. maize crop. The GEM project selects progeny lines with high topcross yield potential from crosses between elite temperate lines and exotic parents. The GEM project has released hundreds of useful breeding lines based on phenotypic selection within selfing generations and multienvironment yield evaluations of GEM line topcrosses to elite adapted testers. Developing genomic selection (GS) models for the GEM project may contribute to increases in the rate of genetic gain. Here we evaluated the prediction ability of GS models trained on 6 yr of topcross evaluations from the two GEM programs in Raleigh, NC, and Ames, IA, documenting prediction abilities ranging from 0.36 to 0.75 for grain yield and from 0.78 to 0.96 for grain moisture when models were cross‐validated within program and heterotic group. Predicted genetic gain from GS ranged from 0.95 to 2.58 times the gain from phenotypic selection. Prediction ability across program and heterotic group was generally poorer than within groups. Based on observed genomic relationships between GEM breeding lines and their tropical ancestors, GS for either yield or moisture would reduce recovery of exotic germplasm only slightly. Using GS models trained within program, the GEM programs should be able to more effectively deliver on its mission to broaden the genetic base of U.S. germplasm.
Direct fabrication of arbitrary phase masks in optical glass via ultra-short pulsed laser writing of refractive index modifications
Authors: Schüller-Ruhl A. , Dinstühler L. , Senger T. , Bergfeld S. , Ingenhag C. , Fleischhaker R.
Published: October 2022

We study the possibility to fabricate an arbitrary phase mask in a one-step laser-writing process inside the volume of an optical glass substrate. We derive the phase mask from a Gerchberg–Saxton-type algorithm as an array and create each individual phase shift using a refractive index modification of variable axial length. We realize the variable axial length by superimposing refractive index modifications induced by an ultra-short pulsed laser at different focusing depth. Each single modification is created by applying 1000 pulses with 15 $$\upmu$$
μ
J pulse energy at 100 kHz to a fixed spot of 25 $$\upmu$$
μ
m diameter and the focus is then shifted axially in steps of 10 $$\upmu$$
μ
m. With several proof-of-principle examples, we show the feasibility of our method. In particular, we identify the induced refractive index change to about a value of $$\varDelta n = 1.5 \cdot 10^{-3}$$

Δ
n
=
1.5
·

10

-
3

. We also determine our current limitations by calculating the overlap in the form of a scalar product and we discuss possible future improvements.
Single-cell transcriptomics to understand the cellular heterogeneity in toxicology
Authors: Kim Seon Hwa , Cho Soo Young
Published: October 2022

Background

Identification of molecular signatures from omics studies is widely applied in toxicological studies, and the evaluation of potential toxic effects provides novel insights into molecular resolution.

Objective

The prediction of toxic effects and drug tolerance provides important clues regarding the mode of action of target compounds. However, heterogeneity within samples makes toxicology studies challenging because the purity of the target cell in the samples remains unknown until their actual utilization.

Result

Single-cell resolution studies have been suggested in toxicogenomics, and several studies have explained toxic effects and drug tolerance using heterogeneous cells in both in vivo and in vitro conditions. In this review, we presented an understanding of single-cell transcriptomes and their applications in toxicogenomics.

Conclusion

The most toxicological mechanism in organisms occurs through intramolecular combinations, and heterogeneity issues have reached a surmountable level. We hope this review provides insights to successfully conduct future studies on toxicology.

Purpose of the review

Toxicogenomics is an interdisciplinary field between toxicology and genomics that was successfully applied to construct molecular profiles in a broad spectrum of toxicology. However, heterogeneity within samples makes toxicology studies challenging because the purity of target cell in the samples remains unknown until their actual utilisation. In this review, we presented an understanding of single-cell transcriptomes and their applications in toxicogenomics.

Recent findings

A high-throughput techniques have been used to understand cellular heterogeneity and molecular mechanisms at toxicogenomics. Single-cell resolution analysis is required to identify biomarkers of explain toxic effect and in order to understand drug tolerance.
Dissenting from heteronormativity: growing sideways in religious education
Authors: Henry Seán
Published: October 2022

Tensions across religious and LGBTQ concerns have played out in education for some time. In this paper, I make efforts to respond productively to this context by theorising what it might mean for young people in religious schools to dissent from the heteronormativity of religion in religious education (RE). To do this, I survey perspectives across Jewish, Christian, and Muslim accounts of education to claim that there is precedent for dissenting from heteronormativity in religious school settings more generally given these accounts’ resistance to a uniform conception of religious identities and traditions, coupled with their sensitivity to pluralism and difference as enriching features of religious communities and experiences. The value of these accounts notwithstanding, I move to identifying two limiting dimensions to some of these perspectives for theorising dissent, namely: (1) an assumed commonality of religious identity in religious school settings, however internally diverse; and (2) an inordinately propositional and disembodied account of religious encounters. With the specific curricular context of RE in mind, I suggest that dissent from heteronormativity can (perhaps more helpfully) be understood as a mode of ethical agency that: (1) attends to that which exceeds identity in people’s encounters with religion; and (2) builds on the embodied, material, and affective dynamics of encountering religion in the RE classroom. Put differently, I understand dissent as a mode of ‘growing sideways’ in RE, where young people encounter alternatives to the limits of heteronormativity within the context of the present.
Emerging Verbal Functions in Early Infancy: Lessons from Observational and Computational Approaches on Typical Development and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Marschik Peter B. , Widmann Claudius A. A. , Lang Sigrun , Kulvicius Tomas , Boterberg Sofie , Nielsen-Saines Karin , Bölte Sven , Esposito Gianluca , Nordahl-Hansen Anders , Roeyers Herbert , Wörgötter Florentin , Einspieler Christa , Poustka Luise , Zhang Dajie
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Research on typically developing (TD) children and those with neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes was targeted. Specifically, studies on autism spectrum disorder, Down syndrome, Rett syndrome, fragile X syndrome, cerebral palsy, Angelman syndrome, tuberous sclerosis complex, Williams-Beuren syndrome, Cri-du-chat syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, and West syndrome were searched. The objectives are to review observational and computational studies on the emergence of (pre-)babbling vocalisations and outline findings on acoustic characteristics of early verbal functions.

Methods

A comprehensive review of the literature was performed including observational and computational studies focusing on spontaneous infant vocalisations at the pre-babbling age of TD children, individuals with genetic or neurodevelopmental disorders.

Results

While there is substantial knowledge about early vocal development in TD infants, the pre-babbling phase in infants with neurodevelopmental and genetic syndromes is scarcely scrutinised. Related approaches, paradigms, and definitions vary substantially and insights into the onset and characteristics of early verbal functions in most above-mentioned disorders are missing. Most studies focused on acoustic low-level descriptors (e.g. fundamental frequency) which bore limited clinical relevance. This calls for computational approaches to analyse features of infant typical and atypical verbal development.

Conclusions

Pre-babbling vocalisations as precursor for future speech-language functions may reveal valuable signs for identifying infants at risk for atypical development. Observational studies should be complemented by computational approaches to enable in-depth understanding of the developing speech-language functions. By disentangling features of typical and atypical early verbal development, computational approaches may support clinical screening and evaluation.
Nonlinear dynamics in space plasma turbulence: temporal stochastic chaos
Authors: Chian A. C.-L. , Borotto F. A. , Hada T. , Miranda R. A. , Muñoz P. R. , Rempel E. L.
Published: October 2022

Intermittent turbulence is key for understanding the stochastic nonlinear dynamics of space, astrophysical, and laboratory plasmas. We review the theory of deterministic and stochastic temporal chaos in plasmas and discuss its link to intermittent turbulence observed in space plasmas. First, we discuss the theory of chaos, intermittency, and complexity for nonlinear Alfvén waves, and parametric decay and modulational wave–wave interactions, in the absence/presence of noise. The transition from order to chaos is studied using the bifurcation diagram. The following two types of deterministic intermittent chaos in plasmas are considered: type-I Pomeau–Manneville intermittency and crisis-induced intermittency. The role of structures known as chaotic saddles in deterministic and stochastic chaos in plasmas is investigated. Alfvén complexity associated with noise-induced intermittency, in the presence of multistability, is studied. Next, we present evidence of magnetic reconnection and intermittent magnetic turbulence in coronal mass ejections in the solar corona and solar wind via remote and in situ observations. The signatures of turbulent magnetic reconnection, i.e., bifurcated current sheet, reconnecting jet, parallel/anti-parallel Alfvénic waves, and spiky dynamical pressure pulse, as well as fully developed turbulence, are detected at the leading edge of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection and the interface region of two merging interplanetary magnetic flux ropes. Methods for quantifying the degree of coherence, amplitude–phase synchronization, and multifractality of nonlinear multiscale fluctuations are discussed. The stochastic chaotic nature of Alfvénic intermittent structures driven by magnetic reconnection is determined by a complexity–entropy analysis. Finally, we discuss the relation of nonlinear dynamics and intermittent turbulence in space plasmas to similar phenomena observed in astrophysical and laboratory plasmas, e.g., coronal mass ejections and flares in the stellar-exoplanetary environment and Galactic Center, as well as chaos, magnetic reconnection, and intermittent turbulence in laser-plasma and nuclear fusion experiments.
Mistrust of government within authoritarian states hindering user acceptance and adoption of digital IDs in Africa: The Nigerian context
Authors: Okunoye Babatunde
Published: October 2022

Nigeria commenced its national foundational digital identity project in 2007 and had enrolled 60 million people by July 2021. The project, led by the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC), seeks to unify the country’s public and private functional identity databases, and aims to improve government services and national security. Although the enrolment process had encountered initial challenges such as the absence of enrolment centers in some communities across the country, enrolment for the biometric ID had proceeded without any significant public objection to its objectives. Following the EndSARS protests of October 2020, where youths protesting police violence and perceived poor governance were shot at by government security forces and protesters placed under surveillance, the government announced an updated national identity policy mandating citizens link their National Identity Number (NIN) with their SIM card information. For the first time, significant pockets of resistance arose against the national ID project by sections of the public who perceived the EndSARS violence as signaling a change in government behavior, and the updated ID policy as a mechanism for empowering government surveillance and authoritarianism. The resistance to the ID project marked a shift in public perception which threatens its future. This paper argues that mistrust in government data collection projects grows when data collection is perceived to be increasing government power to the detriment of human rights and freedom. It also puts forward a proposal on how to restore trust within the low-trust environment in Nigeria including the passage of a data protection law and amendments to the NIMC Act and Policies/Regulations, establishing Federated identity providers which give choices to end-users, and delinking the NIN from functional identity databases.
Anthropology in a Nationalizing State: Three Case Studies from Interwar Poland
Authors: Engelking Anna
Published: October 2022

Three case studies depict different attitudes of anthropologists toward the politics of nationalism promoted by the prewar Polish state. Ethnographer Stanisław Dworakowski, involved in a governmental Committee for the Issues of Petty Nobility in Eastern Poland, elaborated a study on this social stratum. Although based on reliable field research, it can hardly be considered scientific work, as it has many features of political propaganda. Quite opposite is the case of folklorist Joachim Chajes, secretary of the Ethnographical Commission of YIVO. Contemporary Soviet folklore was one of the fields of his research, which Polish anticommunist and antisemitic authorities found suspicious. Accused of communist activity, he was imprisoned. Social anthropologist Józef Obrębski can be situated between those two extremes. His field research among East Slavic peasants in Eastern Poland, concerning their developing national identity, although conducted within a national scientific program and financed by the state, is an example of intellectual independence. By revealing the negative attitude of the peasants toward Polish authorities, Obrębski achieved an outcome, which did not fulfill the official political expectations. These three trajectories show competitive coexistence of the meta-field of power and the scientific field, focused on their respective stakes: power and recognition.
State–state ties, power elites, and state–business relations: Malaysia–China Belt and Road projects
Authors: Hock Khaw Mooi , Gomez Edmund Terence
Published: October 2022

This study focuses on state–state relations for business, a phenomenon shaped by how local power elites (LPEs), in this case, in Malaysia, collaborate with transnational corporate elites (TCEs), in this case, from China, to implement infrastructure projects linked to the latter's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). These LPE-TCE links, which have led to the creation of novel forms of state–business relations (SBRs), offer interesting theoretical insights for SBR-related studies. This article builds on the conventional wisdom of homogenised SBRs as usually driven by bureaucrats by indicating that, in practice, state–business ties are extremely heterogeneous, with the capture of key institutions by influential LPEs. A conceptual framework explains theoretically how state–state relations, forged by two countries, both led by dominant parties that control their respective enterprises, have contributed to unique SBRs created to undertake BRI projects, driven by LPE-TCE links. Case studies of three BRI projects in Malaysia provide insights into how disparate forms of SBR-based institutional architecture function, not only at the federal level, but also in different states, involving enterprises from China. Diverse types of power relationships have emerged in these joint ventures, encompassing different LPEs, contributing to the creation of dissimilar SBRs. These LPEs have turned effective SBRs, fashioned to implement BRI projects, into economic endeavours that feature rent-seeking behaviour.
Competing reasons, incomplete preferences, and framing effects
Authors: Pettigrew Richard
Published: October 2022

The quasi-cyclical preferences that Bermúdez ascribes to Agamemnon and others in analogous situations do not best represent them. I offer two alternative accounts. One works best if the preference ordering is taken to be the agent's personal betterness ordering of acts; the other works best if it is taken to provide a summary of the agent's dispositions to act.
The received view of framing
Authors: Weirich Paul
Published: October 2022

The received view of framing has multiple interpretations. I flesh out an interpretation that is more open-minded about framing effects than the extensionality principle that Bermúdez formulates. My interpretation attends to the difference between preferences held all things considered and preferences held putting aside some considerations. It also makes room for decision principles that handle cases without a complete all-things-considered preference-ranking of options.
Ceteris paribus preferences, rational farming effects, and the extensionality principle
Authors: Lau Joe Y. F.
Published: October 2022

Bermúdez argues for rational framing effects in the form of quasi-cyclical preferences. This is supposed to refute the extensionality principle in standard decision theory. In response, I argue that it is better to analyze seemingly quasi-cyclical preferences as ceteris paribus preferences. Furthermore, if frames are included as objects of choice, we can acknowledge rational framing effects without rejecting extensionality.
Probably, approximately useful frames of mind: A quasi-algorithmic approach
Authors: Moldoveanu Mihnea C.
Published: October 2022

Frames for interpreting situations are necessary in the face of time constraints for action and indeterminacy of the “right or optimal thing to do” given multiple objectives but not all frames are equally useful. We need a way of modeling representational frames according to the informational gain of using them and the computational cost of synthesizing a decisive reason for acting from them.
Explaining bias with bias
Authors: Przybyszewski Krzysztof , Rutkowska Dorota , Białek Michał
Published: October 2022

Bermúdez argues that a framing effect is rational, which will be true if one accepts that the biased editing phase is rational. This type of rationality was called procedural by Simon. Despite being procedurally rational in the evaluation phase framing effect stems from biased way we set a reference point against which outcomes are compared.
Distinguishing self-involving from self-serving choices in framing effects
Authors: Crockett M. J. , Paul L. A.
Published: October 2022

We distinguish two types of cases that have potential to generate quasi-cyclical preferences: self-involving choices where an agent oscillates between first- and third-person perspectives that conflict regarding their life-changing implications, and self-serving choices where frame-based reasoning can be “first-personally rational” yet “third-personally irrational.” We argue that the distinction between these types of cases deserves more attention in Bermúdez's account.
Foodborne illness outbreaks linked to unpasteurised milk and relationship to changes in state laws – United States, 1998–2018
Authors: Koski Lia , Kisselburgh Hannah , Landsman Lisa , Hulkower Rachel , Howard-Williams Mara , Salah Zainab , Kim Sunkyung , Bruce Beau B. , Bazaco Michael C. , Batz Michael B. , Parker Cary Chen , Leonard Cynthia L. , Datta Atin R. , Williams Elizabeth N. , Stapleton G. Sean , Penn Matthew , Whitham Hilary K. , Nichols Megin
Published: October 2022

Consumption of unpasteurised milk in the United States has presented a public health challenge for decades because of the increased risk of pathogen transmission causing illness outbreaks. We analysed Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System data to characterise unpasteurised milk outbreaks. Using Poisson and negative binomial regression, we compared the number of outbreaks and outbreak-associated illnesses between jurisdictions grouped by legal status of unpasteurised milk sale based on a May 2019 survey of state laws. During 2013–2018, 75 outbreaks with 675 illnesses occurred that were linked to unpasteurised milk; of these, 325 illnesses (48%) were among people aged 0–19 years. Of 74 single-state outbreaks, 58 (78%) occurred in states where the sale of unpasteurised milk was expressly allowed. Compared with jurisdictions where retail sales were prohibited (n = 24), those where sales were expressly allowed (n = 27) were estimated to have 3.2 (95% CI 1.4–7.6) times greater number of outbreaks; of these, jurisdictions where sale was allowed in retail stores (n = 14) had 3.6 (95% CI 1.3–9.6) times greater number of outbreaks compared with those where sale was allowed on-farm only (n = 13). This study supports findings of previously published reports indicating that state laws resulting in increased availability of unpasteurised milk are associated with more outbreak-associated illnesses and outbreaks.
First Results on Characteristics of Nighttime MSTIDs Observed Over South Africa: Influence of Thermospheric Wind and Sporadic E
Authors: Katamzi‐Joseph Z. T. , Grawe M. A. , Makela J. J. , Habarulema J. B. , Martinis C. , Baumgardner J.
Published: October 2022

This paper reports the climatology of medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) observed between September 2018 and August 2019 in the nighttime redline airglow intensity measurements from an all‐sky imager located in Sutherland, South Africa (32.4°S, 20.8°E; magnetic latitude: 40.7°S). The nighttime MSTIDs appeared as either single or multiple dark bands, commenced mostly before midnight, and predominantly occurred during the southern winter solstice. They primarily propagated westward with speeds of 31–127 m/s. The periods and wavelengths of the multi‐band MSTIDs were in the ranges of 26–155 min and 134–578 km, respectively, while the temporal and spatial scales of the single band MSTIDs were 11–30 min and 43–143 km, respectively. Analysis of neutral wind measurements from a co‐located Fabry‐Perot interferometer showed that the thermospheric wind was mostly northeastward in the evenings of MSTID occurrence and that the favored westward propagation of the MSTIDs was the least restricted propagation direction by the background wind. Based on data from nearby ionosondes, the MSTIDs were mostly accompanied by sporadic E and spread‐F structures. From the seasonal occurrences of MSTIDs and sporadic E as well as the MSTID propagation and prevalent wind directions, it is concluded that Perkins instability is the most likely source of the majority of the observed nighttime MSTIDs, while the remainder may be seeded by gravity waves.
Ejecta Pattern of Oblique Impacts on the Moon From Numerical Simulations
Authors: Luo Xi‐Zi , Zhu Meng‐Hua , Ding Min
Published: October 2022

The commonly adopted ejecta deposit models always assume vertical impacts for simplification. However, most impacts on planetary surfaces are oblique, which produce significantly different ejecta patterns from vertical impacts. Although the asymmetric ejecta patterns from oblique impacts have been studied in laboratory experiments, they cannot be directly applied to large craters on the planetary scale. Here, we use the three‐dimensional shock physics code iSALE‐3D to systematically simulate impact excavation processes under Moon's gravity with varied impact angles (10°–90° with respect to the horizontal), impactor diameters (1–120 km), and impact velocities (10–20 km/s), which produce craters or basins ranging from ∼5 to ∼1,000 km. For each model, we record ejecta launch velocities and angles and calculate their integrated patterns after ballistic sedimentation. Our model results show that as the impact angle departs from the vertical, launch velocities of the uprange ejecta decrease, forming a V‐shaped zone devoid of ejecta. For even lower impact angles, the downrange ejecta thickness significantly decreases due to reduced launch angles and smaller deposit distances, forming a butterfly pattern with most ejecta concentrating in crossrange. In addition, our model results indicate that large impactors tend to produce more asymmetric ejecta patterns and the ejecta patterns are insensitive to typical impact velocities on the Moon. Our modeling results provide a semi‐quantitative relation between the ejecta pattern and impact parameters for oblique impacts on the Moon, which can be used to constrain the possible impact parameters for lunar crater or basins according to the observed ejecta pattern.
A Lagrangian Perspective of Microphysical Impact on Ice Cloud Evolution and Radiative Heating
Authors: Sullivan S. , Voigt A. , Miltenberger A. , Rolf C. , Krämer M.
Published: October 2022

We generate trajectories in storm‐resolving simulations in order to quantify the effect of ice microphysics on tropical upper‐tropospheric cloud‐radiative heating. The pressure and flow field tracked along the trajectories are used to run different ice microphysical schemes, both one‐ and two‐moment formulations within the Icosahedral Non‐hydrostatic Model model and a separate offline box microphysics model (CLaMS‐Ice). This computational approach allows us to isolate purely microphysical differences in a variant of “microphysical piggybacking;” feedbacks of microphysics onto pressure and the flow field, for example, via latent heating, are suppressed. Despite these constraints, we find about a 5‐fold difference in median cloud ice mass mixing ratios (qi) and ice crystal number (Ni) between the microphysical schemes and very distinct qi distributions versus temperature and relative humidity with respect to ice along the trajectories. After investigating microphysical formulations for nucleation, depositional growth, and sedimentation, we propose three cirrus lifecycles: a weak source‐strong sink lifecycle whose longwave and shortwave heating are smallest due to short lifetime and low optical depth, a strong source‐weak sink lifecycle whose longwave and shortwave heating are largest due to long lifetime and high optical depth, and a strong source‐strong sink lifecycle with intermediate radiative properties.
Stretchable and self-healable spoof plasmonic meta-waveguide for wearable wireless communication system
Authors: Yu Bu-Yun , Yue De-Wei , Hou Ke-Xin , Ju Lu , Chen Hao , Ding Cong , Liu Zhen-Guo , Dai Yun-Qian , Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Guan Ying-Shi , Lu Wei-Bing , Li Cheng-Hui , Li Quan
Published: October 2022

Microwave transmission lines in wearable systems are easily damaged after frequent mechanical deformation, posing a severe threat to wireless communication. Here, we report a new strategy to achieve stretchable microwave transmission lines with superior reliability and durability by integrating a self-healable elastomer with serpentine-geometry plasmonic meta-waveguide to support the spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP). After mechanical damage, the self-healable elastomer can autonomously repair itself to maintain the electromagnetic performance and mechanical strength. Meanwhile, the specially designed SSPP structure exhibits excellent stability and damage resistance. Even if the self-healing process has not been completed or the eventual repair effect is not ideal, the spoof plasmonic meta-waveguide can still maintain reliable performance. Self-healing material enhances strength and durability, while the SSPP improves stability and gives more tolerance to the self-healing process. Our design coordinates the structural design with material synthesis to maximize the advantages of the SSPP and self-healing material, significantly improving the reliability and durability of stretchable microwave transmission lines. We also perform communication quality experiments to demonstrate the potential of the proposed meta-waveguide as interconnects in future body area network systems.
Manipulating cavity photon dynamics by topologically curved space
Authors: Wang Yongsheng , Ren Yuhao , Luo Xiaoxuan , Li Bo , Chen Zaoyu , Liu Zhenzhi , Liu Fu , Cai Yin , Zhang Yanpeng , Liu Jin , Li Feng
Published: October 2022

Asymmetric microcavities supporting Whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) are of great significance for on-chip optical information processing. We establish asymmetric microcavities on topologically curved surfaces, where the geodesic light trajectories completely reconstruct the cavity mode features. The curvature-mediated photon-lifetime engineering enables the enhancement of the quality factors of periodic island modes by up to 200 times. Strong and weak coupling between modes of very different origins occurs when the space curvature brings them into resonance, leading to fine tailoring of the cavity photon energy and lifetime and the observation of non-Hermitian exceptional point (EP). At large space curvatures, the role of the WGMs is replaced by high-Q periodic modes protected by the high stability of island-like light trajectory. Our work demonstrates interesting physical mechanisms at the crosspoint of optical chaotic dynamics, non-Hermitian physics, and geodesic optical devices, and would initiate the novel area of geodesic microcavity photonics.