bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetism in a two-dimensional semiconducting metal-organic framework
Authors: Feng Sihua , Duan Hengli , Tan Hao , Hu Fengchun , Liu Chaocheng , Wang Yao , Li Zhi , Cai Liang , Cao Yuyang , Wang Chao , Qi Zeming , Song Li , Liu Xuguang , Sun Zhihu , Yan Wensheng
Published: November 2023

The development of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic semiconductors with room-temperature ferromagnetism is a significant challenge in materials science and is important for the development of next-generation spintronic devices. Herein, we demonstrate that a 2D semiconducting antiferromagnetic Cu-MOF can be endowed with intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetic coupling using a ligand cleavage strategy to regulate the inner magnetic interaction within the Cu dimers. Using the element-selective X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) technique, we provide unambiguous evidence for intrinsic ferromagnetism. Exhaustive structural characterizations confirm that the change of magnetic coupling is caused by the increased distance between Cu atoms within a Cu dimer. Theoretical calculations reveal that the ferromagnetic coupling is enhanced with the increased Cu-Cu distance, which depresses the hybridization between 3d orbitals of nearest Cu atoms. Our work provides an effective avenue to design and fabricate MOF-based semiconducting room-temperature ferromagnetic materials and promotes their practical applications in next-generation spintronic devices.
Unprecedented confinement time of electron plasmas with a purely toroidal magnetic field in SMARTEX-C
Authors: Lachhvani Lavkesh , Pahari Sambaran , Goswami Rajiv , Yeole Yogesh G. , Shah Minsha , Mohurle Nikhil , Chattopadhyay Prabal K.
Published: November 2023

Confinement time of electron plasmas trapped using a purely toroidal magnetic field has been found to exceed $${100}\, \hbox {s}$$

100

s

in a small aspect ratio ($$R_{o}/a \sim {1.59}$$

R
o

/
a
∼

1.59

, $$R_o$$

R
o

and a are device major and minor radius, respectively), partial torus. It improves upon the previously reported confinement time by nearly two orders of magnitude. Lifetime is estimated from the frequency scaling of the linear diocotron mode launched from sections of the wall, that are also used for mode diagnostics. Confinement improves as neutral pressures are reduced to $$< 5 \times 10^{-10} \hbox{mbar}$$

<
5
×

10

-
10

mbar

in the presence of a steady state magnetic field of 200 Gauss ($$\sim {60}\, \hbox {s}$$

∼
60

s

with droop $$< 0.1\%$$

<
0.1
%

) at $${100}\, \hbox {V}$$

100

V

electron injection energies. With reduced pressures the role of (ion driven) instability diminishes and loss mechanisms resulting from elastic electron–neutral (e–n) and the ubiquitous electron–electron (e–e) scattering seem to play an important role which suggests low electron temperatures. The contribution to electron population resulting from the ionization of background neutral gas at these temperatures and pressures are expected to be insignificant and is corroborated in our experiments.
Bias against AI art can enhance perceptions of human creativity
Authors: Horton Jr C. Blaine , White Michael W. , Iyengar Sheena S.
Published: November 2023

The contemporary art world is conservatively estimated to be a $65 billion USD market that employs millions of human artists, sellers, and collectors globally. Recent attention paid to AI-made art in prestigious galleries, museums, and popular media has provoked debate around how these statistics will change. Unanswered questions fuel growing anxieties. Are AI-made and human-made art evaluated in the same ways? How will growing exposure to AI-made art impact evaluations of human creativity? Our research uses a psychological lens to explore these questions in the realm of visual art. We find that people devalue art labeled as AI-made across a variety of dimensions, even when they report it is indistinguishable from human-made art, and even when they believe it was produced collaboratively with a human. We also find that comparing images labeled as human-made to images labeled as AI-made increases perceptions of human creativity, an effect that can be leveraged to increase the value of human effort. Results are robust across six experiments (N = 2965) using a range of human-made and AI-made stimuli and incorporating representative samples of the US population. Finally, we highlight conditions that strengthen effects as well as dimensions where AI-devaluation effects are more pronounced.
Determining body height and weight from thoracic and abdominal CT localizers in pediatric and young adult patients using deep learning
Authors: Demircioğlu Aydin , Quinsten Anton S. , Umutlu Lale , Forsting Michael , Nassenstein Kai , Bos Denise
Published: November 2023

In this retrospective study, we aimed to predict the body height and weight of pediatric patients using CT localizers, which are overview scans performed before the acquisition of the CT. We trained three commonly used networks (EfficientNetV2-S, ResNet-18, and ResNet-34) on a cohort of 1009 and 1111 CT localizers of pediatric patients with recorded body height and weight (between January 2013 and December 2019) and validated them in an additional cohort of 116 and 127 localizers (acquired in 2020). The best-performing model was then tested in an independent cohort of 203 and 225 CT localizers (acquired between January 2021 and March 2023). In addition, a cohort of 1401 and 1590 localizers from younger adults (acquired between January 2013 and December 2013) was added to the training set to determine if it could improve the overall accuracy. The EfficientNetV2-S using the additional adult cohort performed best with a mean absolute error of 5.58 ± 4.26 cm for height and 4.25 ± 4.28 kg for weight. The relative error was 4.12 ± 4.05% for height and 11.28 ± 12.05% for weight. Our study demonstrated that automated estimation of height and weight in pediatric patients from CT localizers can be performed.
Conformational dynamics of α-synuclein and study of its intramolecular forces in the presence of selected compounds
Authors: Khatooni Zahed , Akhtari Keivan , Wilson Heather L.
Published: November 2023

Protein misfolding and aggregation play crucial roles in amyloidogenic diseases through the self-assembly of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) in type II diabetes (T2D), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD is the most common neurodegenerative disorder after AD, and is associated with the loss of dopaminergic signaling, which causes motor and nonmotor signs and symptoms. Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites are common pathological hallmarks of PD that are mainly composed of aggregates of disordered α-synuclein (α-Syn). There have been many efforts to develop chemical compounds to prevent aggregation or facilitate disruption of the aggregates. Furthermore, the roles and interactions of many compounds have yet to be revealed at the atomistic level, especially their impacts on the dynamics and chain-chain interactions of the oligomers, which are of interest in this study. The conformational diversity and detailed interactions among homo-oligomer chains of α-Syn are not fully discovered; identifying these might help uncover a practical approach to developing a potent therapy. In this study, we used an in-silico investigation to address the conformational diversity of α-Syn oligomer. The roles of several point mutations in protein aggregation in PD are known; we take this further by evaluating the interaction energies and contributions of all residues in stability and residue-chain interactions. In this study, we docked chemical derivatives of three compounds with high drug-likeness properties to evaluate the roles of our ligands in the conformational dynamicity of the oligomers, with emphasis on intramolecular forces. Free energy evaluation of the modeled inter and intramolecular interactions through MD simulation shows effective interaction and binding between α-Syn and our compounds. However, we find that they do not significantly disrupt the chain-chain interactions, compared to unliganded simulation.
Variability of groundwater fluoride and its proportionate risk quantification via Monte Carlo simulation in rural and urban areas of Agra district, India
Authors: Ali Shahjad , Baboo Agarwal Manish , Verma Sitaram , Islam Raisul , Kumar Deolia Rajesh , Singh Shailendra , Kumar Jitendra , Mohammadi Ali Akbar , Kumar Gupta Manoj , Fattahi Mehdi , Nguyen P. U.
Published: November 2023

This study quantifies the groundwater fluoride contamination and assesses associated health risks in fluoride-prone areas of the city of Taj Mahal, Agra, India. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) risk model and Monte Carlo Simulations were employed for the assessment. Result revealed that, among various rural and urban areas Pachgain Kheda exhibited the highest average fluoride concentration (5.20 mg/L), while Bagda showed the lowest (0.33 mg/L). Similarly, K.K. Nagar recorded 4.38 mg/L, and Dayalbagh had 1.35 mg/L. Both urban and rural areas exceeded the WHO-recommended limit of 1.5 mg/L, signifying significant public health implications. Health risk assessment indicated a notably elevated probability of non-carcinogenic risk from oral groundwater fluoride exposure in the rural Baroli Ahir block. Risk simulations highlighted that children faced the highest health risks, followed by teenagers and adults. Further, Monte Carlo simulation addressed uncertainties, emphasizing escalated risks for for children and teenagers. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for the 5th and 95th percentile in rural areas ranged from was 0.28–5.58 for children, 0.15–2.58 for teenager, and 0.05–0.58 for adults. In urban areas, from the range was 0.53 to 5.26 for children, 0.27 to 2.41 for teenagers, and 0.1 to 0.53 for adults. Physiological and exposure variations rendered children and teenagers more susceptible. According to the mathematical model, calculations for the non-cancerous risk of drinking water (HQ-ing), the most significant parameters in all the targeted groups of rural areas were concentration (CW) and Ingestion rate (IR). These findings hold relevance for policymakers and regulatory boards in understanding the actual impact and setting pre-remediation goals.
Detection and characterization of putative hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in microbiological diagnostics
Authors: Neumann Bernd , Stürhof Claudia , Rath Anca , Kieninger Bärbel , Eger Elias , Müller Justus U. , von Poblocki Alexander , Gerlitz Nadja , Wollschläger Paul , Schneider-Brachert Wulf , Schaufler Katharina , Klaper Kathleen , Steinmann Jörg
Published: November 2023

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (hvKp) can cause invasive community-acquired infections in healthy patients of all ages. In this study, the prevalence of putative hvKp in a German tertiary center was investigated and hvKp were characterized by phenotypic and molecular assays. All K. pneumoniae isolates in routine microbiological diagnostics from a single center were screened by string-testing over a period of 6 months. String-test positive (≥ 0.5 mm) isolates were re-evaluated on different media and under various conditions (aerobe, anaerobe). For string-test positive isolates, genes (magA, iutA, rmpA and rmpA2) associated with hypermucoviscosity and hypervirulence were amplified by multiplex PCR. PCR-positive isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing and sedimentation and biofilm formation assays. From 1310 screened K. pneumoniae isolates in clinical routine 100 isolates (7.6%) were string test positive. From these, 9% (n = 9) were defined as putative hvKp (string-test+/PCR+). Highest rate of string-test-positive isolates was observed on MacConkey agar under aerobic conditions. Amongst these nine putative hvKp isolates, the international lineage ST23 carrying hvKp-plasmid pKpVP-1 was the most common, but also a rare ST86 with pKpVP-2 was identified. All nine isolates showed hypermucoviscosity and weak biofilm formation. In conclusion, 9% of string-positive, respectively 0.69% of all K. pneumoniae isolates from routine were defined as putative hypervirulent. MacConkey agar was the best medium for hvKp screening.
Assessing SimCLIM climate model accuracy in projecting Southern Levantine basin air temperature trends up to 2100
Authors: Salama Nada M. , Cai Rongshuo , Tonbol Kareem
Published: November 2023

This study evaluates the validity of forecasting air temperature ranges in 2100 using the SimCLIM climate projection model at spatial and temporal scales within the Southern Levantine basin. The model utilized historical air temperature data from 2000 to 2016, collected at seven southeastern Mediterranean stations, as well as 74 climate pattern ensembles integrated within SimCLIM. A combination of 40 global climate models (GCMs) and IPCC AR5 greenhouse gas emissions scenarios embedded in SimCLIM was employed to forecast mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures for 2100.The findings reveal that the average temperature increase in 2100, relative to the representative concentration pathways 2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5, will range between 0.8–1.17 °C, 1.48–2.0 °C, 2.1–3.8 °C, and 3.9–4.6 °C, respectively. Due to its acceptable accuracy, the SimCLIM model, incorporating 40 GCMs and 74 climate pattern ensembles, is highly recommended for forecasting future climate conditions. The model was evaluated using available temperature records in the study area, yielding a prediction percentage error of 2%, which strongly supports the use of SimCLIM.
The deep past in the virtual present: developing an interdisciplinary approach towards understanding the psychological foundations of palaeolithic cave art
Authors: Wisher Izzy , Pettitt Paul , Kentridge Robert
Published: November 2023

Virtual Reality (VR) has vast potential for developing systematic, interdisciplinary studies to understand ephemeral behaviours in the archaeological record, such as the emergence and development of visual culture. Upper Palaeolithic cave art forms the most robust record for investigating this and the methods of its production, themes, and temporal and spatial changes have been researched extensively, but without consensus over its functions or meanings. More compelling arguments draw from visual psychology and posit that the immersive, dark conditions of caves elicited particular psychological responses, resulting in the perception—and depiction—of animals on suggestive features of cave walls. Our research developed and piloted a novel VR experiment that allowed participants to perceive 3D models of cave walls, with the Palaeolithic art digitally removed, from El Castillo cave (Cantabria, Spain). Results indicate that modern participants’ visual attention corresponded to the same topographic features of cave walls utilised by Palaeolithic artists, and that they perceived such features as resembling animals. Although preliminary, our results support the hypothesis that pareidolia—a product of our cognitive evolution—was a key mechanism in Palaeolithic art making, and demonstrates the potential of interdisciplinary VR research for understanding the evolution of art, and demonstrate the potential efficacy of the methodology.
Comparison between the efficacy of terbinafine and itraconazole orally vs. the combination of the two drugs in treating recalcitrant dermatophytosis
Authors: Hassaan Zinab Rabia Abo Almaati , Mohamed Hassan Abou Khodair , Eldahshan Ramadan Mohamed , Elsaie Mohamed L.
Published: November 2023

Fungal infections are a challenging to treat cutaneous condition. Approximately 20–25% of humans are affected by superficial fungal infections that invade and multiply within keratinized tissues. To compare the efficacy of either terbinafine or itraconazole orally versus the combination of the two drugs in the treatment of recalcitrant dermatophytosis. The current study included 45 patients with recalcitrant dermatophytosis who were distributed into 3 groups (each of 15 patients); Group A received terbinafine 250 mg twice a day for 4 weeks. Group B received itraconazole 200 mg twice a day for 4 weeks. Group C received terbinafine 250 mg once daily and itraconazole 200 mg once daily for 4 weeks. The patients were followed up for 12 weeks after initiation of treatment by clinical and microbiological assessment to determine the cure rate. At the end of twelve weeks, 12 (80%) patients in group A; 13 (86.7%) patients in group B and 15 (100%) patients in group C were completely cured. Despite of cure rates being higher in the combined group C; yet results were not statistically significant (p = 0.207). Clinical cure rates were non significantly higher in itraconazole + terbinafine combined group (p = 0.207). Combination of terbinafine and itraconazole had a higher clinical and mycological cure rate when compared to the use of either drug alone as monotherapy. Further randomized, multicenter, large cohort studies are warranted to validate the use of combination antifungal treatments.
Association of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-17 levels with obsessive–compulsive disorder: a case–control study findings
Authors: Sarker Rapty , Qusar M. M. A. Shalahuddin , Islam Sardar Mohammad Ashraful , Bhuiyan Mohiuddin Ahmed , Islam Md. Rabiul
Published: November 2023

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental condition that affects many people and is characterized by recurring obsessions and compulsions. It significantly impacts individuals’ ability to function ordinarily daily, affecting people of all ages. This study aimed to investigate whether or not the cytokines granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) are involved in the pathophysiology of OCD. A case–control study with 50 OCD patients and 38 healthy volunteers served as the controls for this investigation. The levels of GM-CSF and IL-17 in the serum of both groups were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. In addition, the sociodemographic characteristics of the population under study were studied. Based on the findings of this study, OCD patients had significantly elevated levels of IL-17 than the controls, it appears that there may be a function for IL-17 in the pathophysiology of OCD. It was also discovered that the severity of OCD and IL-17 levels had a significant positive correlation. On the other hand, when comparing the levels of GM-CSF, there was no significant difference between the patients and the controls. This study provides evidence supporting the involvement of cytokine IL-17 in the pathophysiology of OCD. This study suggests IL-17 as a diagnostic biomarker for OCD and adds to our knowledge of the function that the immune system plays in this condition.
High-volume evacuation mitigates viral aerosol spread in dental procedures
Authors: Malmgren Rasmus , Välimaa Hanna , Oksanen Lotta , Sanmark Enni , Nikuri Petra , Heikkilä Paavo , Hakala Jani , Ahola Aleksi , Yli-Urpo Simeoni , Palomäki Ville , Asmi Eija , Sofieva Svetlana , Rostedt Antti , Laitinen Sirpa , Romantschuk Martin , Sironen Tarja , Atanasova Nina , Paju Susanna , Lahdentausta-Suomalainen Laura
Published: November 2023

Dental healthcare personnel (DHCP) are subjected to microbe-containing aerosols and splatters in their everyday work. Safer work conditions must be developed to ensure the functioning of the healthcare system. By simulating dental procedures, we aimed to compare the virus-containing aerosol generation of four common dental instruments, and high-volume evacuation (HVE) in their mitigation. Moreover, we combined the detection of infectious viruses with RT-qPCR to form a fuller view of virus-containing aerosol spread in dental procedures. The air–water syringe produced the highest number of aerosols. HVE greatly reduced aerosol concentrations during procedures. The air–water syringe spread infectious virus-containing aerosols throughout the room, while other instruments only did so to close proximity. Additionally, infectious viruses were detected on the face shields of DHCP. Virus genomes were detected throughout the room with all instruments, indicating that more resilient viruses might remain infectious and pose a health hazard. HVE reduced the spread of both infectious viruses and viral genomes, however, it did not fully prevent them. We recommend meticulous use of HVE, a well-fitting mask and face shields in dental procedures. We advise particular caution when operating with the air–water syringe. Due to limited repetitions, this study should be considered a proof-of-concept report.
Biodegradable albumen dielectrics for high-mobility MoS2 phototransistors
Authors: Pucher Thomas , Bastante Pablo , Parenti Federico , Xie Yong , Dimaggio Elisabetta , Fiori Gianluca , Castellanos-Gomez Andres
Published: November 2023

This work demonstrates the fabrication and characterization of single-layer MoS2 field-effect transistors using biodegradable albumen (chicken eggwhite) as gate dielectric. By introducing albumen as an insulator for MoS2 transistors high carrier mobilities (up to ~90 cm2 V−1 s−1) are observed, which is remarkably superior to that obtained with commonly used SiO2 dielectric which we attribute to ionic gating due to the formation of an electric double layer in the albumen MoS2 interface. In addition, the investigated devices are characterized upon illumination, observing responsivities of 4.5 AW−1 (operated in photogating regime) and rise times as low as 52 ms (operated in photoconductivity regime). The presented study reveals the combination of albumen with van der Waals materials for prospective biodegradable and biocompatible optoelectronic device applications. Furthermore, the demonstrated universal fabrication process can be easily adopted to fabricate albumen-based devices with any other van der Waals material.
A comprehensive review of Dynamic Chemical Labelling on Luminex xMAP technology: a journey towards Drug-Induced Liver Injury testing
Authors: Marín-Romero Antonio , Pernagallo Salvatore
Published: November 2023

By integrating Dynamic Chemical Labelling (DCL) with Luminex xMAP technology, it becomes feasible to analyse miRs through single- and multi-plex assays, as well as to simultaneously analyse proteins and miRs.
Development of an optical sensor for the determination of phenolic compounds in environmental samples
Authors: Khairy Gasser M. , Ali Esraa I. , Saad Eman M.
Published: November 2023

A new optical sensor was developed for rapid sensing of total phenolic content, which is simple, cheap, and sensitive, using Eu(iii)-complex as a luminescent probe at pH 7.5 using PIPEs buffer.
Metallaphotoredox catalysis enables facile (trifluoromethyl)thiolation of alkenyl iodides
Authors: King Eric R. , Tarrago Maxime , Ghosh Avipsa
Published: November 2023

We report the development of a nickel-catalyzed, photoredox-based approach for the (trifluoromethyl)thiolation of alkenyl iodides to access diverse and biologically relevant alkenyl sulfides under mild and air-tolerant conditions.
Optimized convolutional neural networks for fault diagnosis in wastewater treatment processes
Authors: Hu Tong , Zhang Yuchen , Wang Xinyuan , Sha Jiulong , Dai Hongqi , Xiong Zhixin , Wang Dongsheng , Zhang Fengshan , Liu Hongbin
Published: November 2023

An optimized deep learning model with high classification performance was proposed for fault diagnosis in wastewater treatment processes.
Correction: Enzymatic amide bond formation: synthesis of aminooxo-acids through a Mycobacterium smegmatis acyltransferase
Authors: Christodoulou Michael S. , Contente Martina Letizia , Dallavalle Sabrina , Pinto Andrea
Published: November 2023

Correction for ‘Enzymatic amide bond formation: synthesis of aminooxo-acids through a Mycobacterium smegmatis acyltransferase’ by Michael S. Christodoulou et al., Green Chem., 2022, 24, 4432–4436, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC00655C.
Photoactive imaging and therapy for colorectal cancer using a CEA-Affimer conjugated Foslip nanoparticle
Authors: Khaled Yazan S. , Khot M. Ibrahim , Aiyappa-Maudsley Radhika , Maisey Thomas , Pramanik Arindam , Tiernan Jim , Lintern Nicole , Al-Enezi Eiman , Shamsuddin Shazana H. , Tomlinson Darren , Coletta Louise , Millner Paul A. , Hughes Thomas A. , Jayne David G.
Published: November 2023

Theranostic nanoparticles hold promise for simultaneous imaging and therapy in colorectal cancer.
Cool carriers: triplet diffusion dominates upconversion yield
Authors: Sullivan Colette M. , Kuszynski Jason E. , Kovalev Alexey , Siegrist Theo , Schaller Richard D. , Strouse Geoffrey F. , Nienhaus Lea
Published: November 2023

Temperatures below ambient room temperature (298 K) are ideal for perovskite-sensitized upconversion devices where maximum efficiency is reached at 170 K. Here, the underlying triplet diffusion rate governs the overall upconversion dynamics.
Open-framework aluminum hexacyanoferrate as a cathode material for high voltage aqueous zinc-ion batteries: effect of Al3+ cations on three-phase transition of AlFe(CN)6
Authors: Kong Yulin , Xiao Yawei , Zhang Shutao , Chen Liang , Liu Zhaoping , Wang Yude
Published: November 2023

KAlFe(CN)6 (AlHCF) is synthesized and its electrochemical performance in aqueous ZIBs is first reported. The Zn/AlHCF full cell exhibited a record-high output voltage of 1.8 V. A rare three-phase coexistence phenomenon is demonstrated in AlHCF.
Coalescing solar-to-chemical and carbon circular economy: mediated by metal-free porphyrin and triazine-based porous organic polymer under natural sunlight
Authors: Saini Neha , Sharma Neha , Chauhan Deepak Kumar , Khurana Rishu , Ali Md Ehesan , Kailasam Kamalakannan
Published: November 2023

The integration of organic transformation with photocatalytic CO2 reduction represents a strategic synergy that enhances the efficient utilization of e−/h+, thereby driving the advancement in the realm of sustainable photocatalysis.
Efficient heterojunction constructed from wide-bandgap and narrow-bandgap small molecules enables dual-band absorption transparent photovoltaics
Authors: Meng Ruiqian , Qiao Ze , Jiang Qianqing , Liu Dianyi
Published: November 2023

A small-molecule-based dual-band absorption TPV with AVT of over 70% is demonstrated in this work. The efficient heterojunction enables the champion opaque device to achieve a PCE of 7.34% and TPVs to achieve a PCE of 3.31% with AVT exceeding 70%.
Modulating structures to decouple thermoelectric transport leads to high performance in polycrystalline SnSe
Authors: Wang Yuping , Bai Shulin , Shi Haonan , Cao Qian , Qin Bingchao , Zhao Li-Dong
Published: November 2023

Introducing AgInSe2 modifies the crystal and band structures to facilitate electrical transport of SnSe, and Ge alloying further depresses phonon transport. The effective phonon-electron decoupling leads to an ultrahigh ZT ∼ 1.6 at 773 K.
Broadband L+ near-infrared luminescence in bismuth/germanium co-doped silica glass prepared by the sol–gel method
Authors: Li Xin , Guo Mengting , Shao Chongyun , Tian Jinming , Wang Fan , Chen Yinggang , Jiao Yan , Yu Chunlei , Hu Lili
Published: November 2023

Ge-ODC plays a pivotal role in promoting the formation of BAC-Ge and L+ band emission centered around 1680 nm.
Recovery of Sparse Signals via Modified Hard Thresholding Pursuit Algorithms
Authors: Geng Li-Ping , Zhou Jin-Chuan , Sun Zhong-Feng , Tang Jing-Yong
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we propose a modified version of the hard thresholding pursuit algorithm, called modified hard thresholding pursuit (MHTP), using a convex combination of the current and previous points. The convergence analysis, finite termination properties, and stability of the MHTP are established under the restricted isometry property of the measurement matrix. Simulations are performed in noiseless and noisy environments using synthetic data, in which the successful frequencies, average runtime, and phase transition of the MHTP are considered. Standard test images are also used to test the reconstruction capability of the MHTP in terms of the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio. Numerical results indicate that the MHTP is competitive with several mainstream thresholding and greedy algorithms, such as hard thresholding pursuit, compressive sampling matching pursuit, subspace pursuit, generalized orthogonal matching pursuit, and Newton‐step‐based hard thresholding pursuit, in terms of recovery capability and runtime.
Distributed adaptive time‐varying formation of multi‐UAV systems under undirected graph
Authors: Cai Xin , Zhu Xiaozhou , Yao Wen
Published: November 2023

In this paper, a fully distributed control protocol is presented based on adaptive technology to solve the time‐varying formation problem of multi‐unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems, where the coupling weights between neighbouring UAVs can be adjusted through adaptive method. Firstly, the proposed control protocol eliminates the need for global information on the interaction topology of multi‐UAV systems, the calculation of Laplacian matrix eigenvalues is avoided and reduces the computational complexity of the system. Secondly, an algorithm with two steps is proposed to determine the distributed adaptive control gain matrices, where the feasibility condition of time‐varying formation of multi‐UAV systems is given. Then, the closed‐loop stability of multi‐UAV systems is proved through Lyapunov theory. Finally, numerical simulation is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Distributed economic optimisation of multi‐energy park operation based on cloud platform architecture considering network delivery capacity
Authors: Li Zenghui , Wang Qi , Chen Yan , Li Ning , Guo Yuchen , Liu Yuchi
Published: November 2023

To address the issues of node interaction power overrun and high carbon emissions that may arise during distributed optimization in multi‐energy parks (MEPs), this paper proposes a distributed low‐carbon and economic operation method for multi‐energy parks based on a cloud platform that considers network transmission capacity.The proposed method achieves maximun profit by designing a two layer collaborative architecture for distributed optimization operations. At the top level, cloud platform services are utilized to build a model for checking network transport capacity and carbon emission quotas, optimizing network node over‐limit inspection . The bottom layer constructs a distributed optimization model for multi‐energy complementation in each park, taking into account the information privacy and individual interests of each multi‐energy park. An improved alternating direction multiplier method (ADMM) is proposed to effectively solve the two‐layer framework. The case studies show that the distributed optimization method under cloud platform services proposed in this paper can achieve maximum revenue for integrated energy service provider while ensuring the safe operation of multi‐energy parks, and reasonably allocate the benefits of collaborative operation among various parks while promoting carbon emission reduction.
Target‐tracking algorithm based on improved probabilistic data association
Authors: Huang Xiaojie , Zhang Jiaguo
Published: November 2023

When tracking a single manoeuvring target in clutter environment, when the number of effective measurements within the detection threshold is small, it usually has a greater and more obvious impact on target‐tracking results. If the observation data error is large at this time, the tracking position and speed error will be larger. To solve this problem, a target‐tracking algorithm based on improved probabilistic data association is proposed in this paper. By dynamically adjusting the detection threshold, the effective quantity within the detection threshold of each frame is basically stable. Simulation results show that the improved algorithm is more accurate in location and speed than the traditional probabilistic data association method and Kalman filter, and the availability and effectiveness of the algorithm are verified.
IRAS4A1: Multiwavelength continuum analysis of a very flared Class 0 disk
Authors: Guerra-Alvarado O. M. , van der Marel N. , Di Francesco J. , Looney L. W. , Tobin J. J. , Cox E. G. , Sheehan P. D. , Wilner D. J. , Macías E. , Carrasco-González C.
Published: November 2023

Context. Understanding the formation of substructures in protoplanetary disks is vital for gaining insights into dust growth and the process of planet formation. Studying these substructures in highly embedded Class 0 objects using the Atacama Large Millimeter-submillimeter Array (ALMA), however, poses significant challenges. Nonetheless, it is imperative to do so to unravel the mechanisms and timing behind the formation of these substructures.

Aims. In this study, we present high-resolution ALMA data at Bands 6 and 4 of the NGC 1333 IRAS4A Class 0 protobinary system. This system consists of two components, A1 and A2, which are separated by 1.8″ and located in the Perseus molecular cloud at a distance of ~293 pc.

Methods. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the dust properties and formation of substructures in the early stages, we conducted a multiwavelength analysis of IRAS4A1. Additionally, we sought to address whether the lack of observed substructures in very young disks could be attributed to factors such as high degrees of disk flaring and large scale heights. To explore this phenomenon, we employed radiative transfer models using RADMC-3D. We employed different approaches and compared the model outcomes with our observational data. This comparison allowed us to gain insights into the challenges in detecting substructures in nascent disks and shed light on the potential influence of the dust scale height on observations of protoplanetary disks.

Results. The continuum data revealed the presence of two disks-envelopes around A1 and A2, along with structure connecting the two sources. Furthermore, spectral index measurements indicate lower optical depth within the A2 disk compared to the A1 disk. Our multiwavelength analysis of A1 discovered characteristics such as high dust surface density, substantial dust mass within the disk, and elevated dust temperatures. These findings suggest the presence of large dust grains compared to the ones in the interstellar medium (ISM), greater than 100 microns in size within the region. By employing RADMC-3D, we confirmed that increasing the scale height creates the appearance of an asymmetry in protoplanetary disks. Our findings indicate that a scale height of at least 0.3 (H/R) is necessary to produce this observed asymmetry. Furthermore, while there’s no direct detection of any substructure, our models indicate that some substructure, such as a small gap, must be present. However, reproducing the intensity profile along the major and minor axes necessitates considering other processes that may be occurring within the IRAS4A1 disk.

Conclusions. The result implies that disk substructures may be masked or obscured by a large scale height in combination with a high degree of flaring in Class 0 disks.
THROMKIDplus Patient Registry and Biomaterial Banking for Children with Inherited Platelet Disorders
Authors: Ballmaier Matthias , Germeshausen Manuela , Schulze Harald , Andres Oliver ,   on behalf of the THROMKIDplus Study Group
Published: November 2023

Inherited platelet disorders (IPDs) represent a heterogeneous group of disorders that include both quantitative (thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis) and qualitative (thrombocytopathy) defects. To gain better knowledge about the prevalence, pathogenesis, and clinical consequences of specific diseases, to improve diagnosis and treatment of patients with IPD, and to support translational research on a genetic, molecular, and physiological basis, the THROMKIDplus study group currently comprising 24 sites in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland decided to establish a patient registry with associated biomaterial banking for children. This registry is designed as a retrospective-prospective, multicenter observational study and supposed to launch in the second half of 2023. Blood smears, plasma, platelet pellets, and DNA of patients will be stored in certified biomaterial banks for future translational research projects. The main inclusion criteria are (1) diagnosis of or highly suspected IPD after assessment of a THROMKIDplus competence center and (2) patients aged 0 to 17 years. Initial and follow-up data on patient history, laboratory parameters, standardized documentation of bleeding tendency, and congenital defects are collected according to good clinical practice and current data protection acts by using the MARVIN platform, a broadly used data management system supported by the German Society for Pediatric Oncology Hematology (GPOH). The THROMKIDplus study group intends to enroll ∼200 patients retrospectively and an annual amount of ∼50 patients prospectively.
Identifying Barriers Faced by Applicants without a Home Residency Program when Matching into Plastic Surgery
Authors: Zeng Steven L. , Zhang Gloria X. , Porras Denisse F. , Curtis Caitrin M. , Glener Adam D. , Hernandez J. Andres , Tian William M. , Emovon Emmanuel O. , Phillips Brett T.
Published: November 2023

Background Applying into plastic surgery (PS) is competitive. Lacking a home residency program (HRP) is another barrier. Our goal is to characterize challenges faced by PS applicants without HRPs and identify solutions.

Methods Surveys were designed for current integrated PS residents and applicants in the 2022 Match without HRPs. Surveys were distributed electronically. Only U.S. allopathic graduate responses were included.

Results Of 182 individuals surveyed, 74 responded (39%, 33 residents, 41 applicants). Sixty-six percent reported feeling disadvantaged due to lack of an HRP. Seventy-six percent of applicants successfully matched. Of these, 48% felt they required academic time off (research year) versus 10% of unmatched applicants. Ninety-seven percent of matched applicants identified a mentor versus 40% of unmatched applicants (p < 0.05). Matched applicants identified mentors through research (29%) and cold calling/emailing (25%). Matched versus unmatched applicants utilized the following resources: senior students (74 vs. 10%, p < 0.05) and social media (52 vs. 10%, p < 0.05). Among residents, 16 had PS divisions (48%). Thirty-six percent with divisions felt they had opportunities to explore PS, compared with 12% without divisions. Residents without divisions felt disadvantaged in finding research (94 vs. 65%, p < 0.05), delayed in deciding on PS (50 vs. 28%), and obtaining mentors (44 vs. 35%) and letters of recommendation (31 vs. 24%).

Conclusion PS residents and applicants without HRPs reported feeling disadvantaged when matching. The data suggest that access to departments or divisions assists in matching. We identified that external outreach and research were successful strategies to obtain mentorship. To increase awareness for unaffiliated applicants, we should increase networking opportunities during local, regional, and national meetings.
Ultrafine mapping of chromosome conformation at hundred basepair resolution reveals regulatory genome architecture
Authors: Zhu Yizhou , Rosenfeld Michael G. , Suh Yousin
Published: November 2023

The resolution limit of chromatin conformation capture methodologies (3Cs) has restrained their application in detection of fine-level chromatin structure mediated by cis-regulatory elements (CREs). Here, we report two 3C-derived methods, Tri-4C and Tri-HiC, which utilize multirestriction enzyme digestions for ultrafine mapping of targeted and genome-wide chromatin interaction, respectively, at up to one hundred basepair resolution. Tri-4C identified CRE loop interaction networks and quantitatively revealed their alterations underlying dynamic gene control. Tri-HiC uncovered global fine-gauge regulatory interaction networks, identifying >20-fold more enhancer:promoter (E:P) loops than in situ Hi-C. In addition to vastly improved identification of subkilobase-sized E:P loops, Tri-HiC also uncovered interaction stripes and contact domain insulation from promoters and enhancers, revealing their loop extrusion behaviors resembling the topologically associating domain boundaries. Tri-4C and Tri-HiC provide robust approaches to achieve the high-resolution interactome maps required for characterizing fine-gauge regulatory chromatin interactions in analysis of development, homeostasis, and disease.
Debating the implications of the Pretoria Agreement for Ethiopia: countering attempts to silence alternative voices
Authors: Gebresenbet Fana , Tariku Yonas
Published: November 2023

Following an earlier piece by the authors debating the importance of the Pretoria Agreement (or Cessation of Hostilities Agreement) concluded in November 2022, this piece sets out their formal response to and rebuttal of blog comments received on Roape.net (Gebrehiwot et al. 2023), and also of comments in a debate piece by J. Abbink (2023) published in this issue of the Review of African Political Economy (ROAPE). The authors here contest the views put forward as lacking engagement with their arguments and mischaracterising their views.
The Effect of Exchange Interaction on Phase Transition Behavior of Magnetic Nanotubes
Authors: Li Xiaojie , Wang Miaomiao , Zhao Yingjie , Yao Guangrui , Gao Fei , Zhang Guoqiang , Ji Yanfang
Published: November 2023

In this paper, the phase diagram of the Blume-Capel model under exchange interaction between lattice points in different positions in magnetic nanotube lattice is studied with effective field theory. The research shows that the interaction between nearest neighbors and the lattice field strength strongly influences the system’s three critical points and phase transition temperature. Under certain conditions, there are three critical points in the system. That is, the relationship between the crucial points is linear from the second-order phase transition to the first-order phase transition. First-order phase transition replaces second-order phase transition in the system’s phase transition. The findings demonstrate that exchange interaction significantly affects the system’s phase transition, and they offer a theoretical framework for both industrial production and experimental study.
The Topological Phase Transitions near the Exceptional Point of a Non-Hermitian Electromagnetic Lattice Model
Authors: Zi Chenghui
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we take the double-layer three-component non-Hermitian Lieb lattice system as an example to discuss the topological properties of the non-Hermitian lattice point electromagnetic field system. The topological phase transitions of the Lieb lattice system near the exceptional point are analyzed by calculating the topological invariants. We find that there are abundant topological phase transitions near the exceptional point. This study will help us explore more topological physical phenomena of electromagnetic fields of lattice systems in condensed-matter physics.
A Circularly-polarized Patch Antenna for BDS Applications
Authors: Ma Zhenyang , Huang Xinyi
Published: November 2023

The BDS (Beidou) Navigation Satellite System has been a powerful tool in real-time navigation and positioning. In the transitional stage between BDS-2 and BDS-3, it would be a top priority to ensure the antenna is compatible with the two systems. In our investigations, a circularly-polarized (CP) patch antenna is proposed for receiving B1I signals. This antenna is a newly designed slit-loaded square patch structure. The T-shape structure with F-shape slots is deployed on each edge of the antenna, and a single feed is employed to excite right-hand CP radiation. In simulations, all the parameters of the antenna are optimized through Ansys HFSS. In experiments, the processed antenna is further testified, where the measured bandwidth is compared with the simulated one to verify the effectiveness of the antenna.
Real-time Detection System for Portable Transient Electromagnetic Unexploded Ordnance
Authors: Tang Minghao , Zeng Qingning , Wang Lijie , Yu Kexing , Ouyang Sihong , Chen Shudong
Published: November 2023

Portable transient electromagnetic systems are not limited by terrain and can detect unexploded ordnance very flexibly. However, existing data processing methods are slow and cannot achieve real-time positioning of targets. In this paper, based on a laboratory-made portable transient electromagnetic detection system, the magnetic dipole model and tensor positioning algorithm are used to achieve fast and accurate target positioning. Using the magnetic gradient tensor algorithm for positioning reduces the calculation load, allowing it to run on embedded systems, and improving target positioning speed while ensuring the accuracy of measurements. Experimental results show that the vertical and horizontal positioning errors of the UXO are within 10 cm, and single-point positioning can be completed within 10 ms.
Robust methods for controlling casting processes and the quality of castings
Authors: Ponomarenko O I , Yevtushenko S D , Yevtushenko N S , Berlizieva T V , Vorobiov M M
Published: November 2023

The paper considers the ways of controlling the processes of producing good-quality castings by using robust methods based on the identification of objects under uncertainty, adaptive control methods, stabilization methods for automatic control systems and their mathematical description. The purpose of the paper is to practically elaborate on the task of creating robust technologies for casting based on the study of the stochastic dispersion models of the casting process parameters and to develop a method for stabilizing the casting processes and a method for stabilizing the quality parameters of the castings. The regular patterns of the stochastic dispersion of the casting process parameters were investigated based on the mechanical performance of the casting alloys, their chemical composition, the physical and mechanical properties of the molding mixtures, the dimensions of the castings, and the features of the casting production process such as pouring temperature, element loss during melting and mold hardness. The results of the conducted investigations have shown that to describe the stochastic dispersion of the casting process parameters, it is appropriate to use the Johnson system of distributions. A method for stabilizing the casting quality parameters was developed. It has been shown that it is more efficient to stabilize the strength and improve the dimensional accuracy of the casting simultaneously. With the existing production process, the dimensional accuracy of the casting corresponds to Grade 11 according to GOST 26645-85. With the increase of the dimensional accuracy grade, the metal content of the casting can be reduced by 16.3% after reaching Grade 10, by 20.4% after reaching Grade 9, and by 24.2% after reaching Grade 8.
Improvement of terrestrial storage-shelter facilities for natural gas storage as part of gas hydrates
Authors: Pedchenko N M , Pedchenko L O , Pedchenko M M
Published: November 2023

Natural gas in the gas hydrates form is proposed to be stored in improved shell gas-resistant structures. The improvement of the construction and the operation method of these buildings consists in the use of liquid foam as a thermal insulation material. The design and operation technology of a terrestrial shelter facility for the accumulation and storage of natural gas as a gas hydrate is proposed, the main element of which is a frameless gas-resistant shelter in the form of at least two dome-shaped gas-tight soft shells on a thermally insulated base, the space between which is filled with liquid foam. The use of these hydrate shelters will significantly increase the efficiency and competitiveness of natural gas storage technology in the gas hydrates form.