bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expert-enhanced machine learning for cardiac arrhythmia classification
Authors: Sager Sebastian , Bernhardt Felix , Kehrle Florian , Merkert Maximilian , Potschka Andreas , Meder Benjamin , Katus Hugo , Scholz Eberhard
Published: December 2021

We propose a new method for the classification task of distinguishing atrial fibrillation (AFib) from regular atrial tachycardias including atrial flutter (AFlu) based on a surface electrocardiogram (ECG). Recently, many approaches for an automatic classification of cardiac arrhythmia were proposed and to our knowledge none of them can distinguish between these two. We discuss reasons why deep learning may not yield satisfactory results for this task. We generate new and clinically interpretable features using mathematical optimization for subsequent use within a machine learning (ML) model. These features are generated from the same input data by solving an additional regression problem with complicated combinatorial substructures. The resultant can be seen as a novel machine learning model that incorporates expert knowledge on the pathophysiology of atrial flutter. Our approach achieves an unprecedented accuracy of 82.84% and an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.9, which classifies as “excellent” according to the classification indicator of diagnostic tests. One additional advantage of our approach is the inherent interpretability of the classification results. Our features give insight into a possibly occurring multilevel atrioventricular blocking mechanism, which may improve treatment decisions beyond the classification itself. Our research ideally complements existing textbook cardiac arrhythmia classification methods, which cannot provide a classification for the important case of AFib↔AFlu. The main contribution is the successful use of a novel mathematical model for multilevel atrioventricular block and optimization-driven inverse simulation to enhance machine learning for classification of the arguably most difficult cases in cardiac arrhythmia. A tailored Branch-and-Bound algorithm was implemented for the domain knowledge part, while standard algorithms such as Adam could be used for training.
Three-dimensional evaluation of upper airway changes following rapid maxillary expansion: A retrospective comparison with propensity score matched controls
Authors: Aljawad Hussein , Lee Kyung-Min , Lim Hoi-Jeong
Published: December 2021

Background

The aim of this study is to evaluate upper airway changes three-dimensionally following rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and compare the changes with matched controls.

Materials and methods

Seventeen patients (mean age 12.6 ± 1.8 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency were treated with RME. Using the propensity score matching method, 17 patients (mean age 12.3 ± 1.5 years) were selected from a non-RME control group of 33. Case-control matching was performed based on 5 covariates: age, gender, CBCT scan interval, sagittal skeletal pattern, and tongue posture. Airway volumes of nasopharynx andoropharynxand minimum cross-sectional areas (MCA) of oropharynx were measured and compared between the case and control groups in CBCT scan images.

Results

In the case group, significant increases from before to after RME were found in all measurements except MCA of the retroglossal segment of oropharynx. Before treatment, there were no significant differences between case group and control group. While comparing the case group with the control group after treatment showed overall greater increases in the case group. In particular, MCA of retropalatal segment showed statistically significant differences.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that RME causes an increase in upper airway dimensions.
Direct visualization by FRET-FLIM of a putative mechanosome complex involving Src, Pyk2 and MBD2 in living MLO-Y4 cells
Authors: Day Richard N. , Day Kathleen H. , Pavalko Fredrick M.
Published: December 2021

Earlier, we proposed the “mechanosome” concept as a testable model for understanding how mechanical stimuli detected by cell surface adhesion molecules are transmitted to modulate gene expression inside cells. Here, for the first time we document a putative mechanosome involving Src, Pyk2 and MBD2 in MLO-Y4 osteocytes with high spatial resolution using FRET-FLIM. Src-Pyk2 complexes were concentrated at the periphery of focal adhesions and the peri-nuclear region. Pyk2-MBD2 complexes were located primarily in the nucleus and peri-nuclear region. Lifetime measurements indicated that Src and MBD2 did not interact directly. Finally, mechanical stimulation by fluid flow induced apparent accumulation of Src-Pyk2 protein complexes in the peri-nuclear/nuclear region, consistent with the proposed behavior of a mechanosome in response to a mechanical stimulus.
Efficacy of vonoprazan against bleeding from endoscopic submucosal dissection-induced gastric ulcers under antithrombotic medication: A cross-design synthesis of randomized and observational studies
Authors: Hidaka Yu , Imai Toru , Inaba Tomoki , Kagawa Tomo , Omae Katsuhiro , Tanaka Shiro
Published: December 2021

Vonoprazan, a potassium-competitive acid blocker, is expected to be superior to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in preventing post-endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)-induced gastric bleeding. However, the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies on the efficacy of vonoprazan have been inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of vonoprazan in antithrombotic drug users, a population that has been excluded from RCTs. Treatment effects were assessed using cross-design synthesis, which can be adjusted for differences in study design and patient characteristics. We used data from an RCT in Japan (70 patients in the vonoprazan group and 69 in the PPI group) and an observational study (408 patients in the vonoprazan group and 870 in the PPI group). After matching, among the antithrombotic drug users in the observational study, post-ESD bleeding was noted in 8 out of 86 patients in the vonoprazan group and 18 out of 86 patients in the PPI group. After pooling the data from the RCT and observational study, the risk difference for antithrombotic drug users was -14.6% (95% CI: -22.0 to -7.2). CDS analysis suggested that vonoprazan is more effective than PPIs in preventing post-ESD bleeding among patients administered antithrombotic medications.
Blocking of inflammatory heparan sulfate domains by specific antibodies is not protective in experimental glomerulonephritis
Authors: van Gemst Jasper J. , Passmann Nathalie J. H. G. , Rops Angelique L. W. M. M. , van Kuppevelt Toin H. , Berden Jo H. , Loeven Markus A. , Rabelink Ton J. , Smeets Bart , van der Vlag Johan
Published: December 2021

Glomerulonephritis is an acquired serious glomerular disease, which involves the interplay of many factors such as cytokines, chemokines, inflammatory cells, and heparan sulfate (HS). We previously showed that blocking of inflammatory heparan sulfate domains on cultured glomerular endothelium by specific anti-HS single chain antibodies reduced polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) adhesion and chemokine binding. We hypothesized that injection of anti-HS antibodies in PMN-driven experimental glomerulonephritis should reduce glomerular influx of PMNs and thereby lead to a better renal outcome. In contrast to our hypothesis, co-injection of anti-HS antibodies did not alter the final outcome of anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM)-induced glomerulonephritis. Glomerular PMN influx, normally peaking 2 hours after induction of glomerulonephritis with anti-GBM IgG was not reduced by co-injection of anti-HS antibodies. Four days after induction of glomerulonephritis, albuminuria, renal function, glomerular hyalinosis and fibrin deposition were similar in mice treated and not treated with anti-HS antibodies. Interestingly, we observed transient effects in mice co-injected with anti-HS antibodies compared to mice that did not receive anti-HS antibodies: (i) a decreased renal function 2 hours and 1 day after induction of glomerulonephritis; (ii) an increased albuminuria after 2 hours and 1 day; (iii) an increased glomerular fibrin deposition after 1 day; (iv) a reduced glomerular macrophage influx after 1 day; (v) a sustained glomerular presence of PMNs at day 1 and 4, accompanied by an increased renal expression of IL-6, CXCL1, ICAM-1, L-selectin, CD11b and NF-κB. The mechanism underlying these observations induced by anti-HS antibodies remains unclear, but may be explained by a temporarily altered glycocalyx and/or altered function of PMNs due to the binding of anti-HS antibodies. Nevertheless, the evaluated anti-HS antibodies do not show therapeutic potential in anti-GBM-induced glomerulonephritis. Future research should evaluate other strategies to target HS domains involved in inflammatory processes during glomerulonephritis.
Multiplexed CRISPR-mediated engineering of protein secretory pathway genes in the thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast Ogataea thermomethanolica
Authors: Kruasuwan Worarat , Puseenam Aekkachai , Tanapongpipat Sutipa , Roongsawang Niran
Published: December 2021

CRISPR multiplex gRNA systems have been employed in genome engineering in various industrially relevant yeast species. The thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast Ogataea thermomethanolica TBRC 656 is an alternative host for heterologous protein production. However, the limited secretory capability of this yeast is a bottleneck for protein production. Here, we refined CRISPR-based genome engineering tools for simultaneous mutagenesis and activation of multiple protein secretory pathway genes to improve heterologous protein secretion. We demonstrated that multiplexed CRISPR-Cas9 mutation of up to four genes (SOD1, VPS1, YPT7 and YPT35) in one single cell is practicable. We also developed a multiplexed CRISPR-dCas9 system which allows simultaneous activation of multiple genes in this yeast. 27 multiplexed gRNA combinations were tested for activation of three genes (SOD1, VPS1 and YPT7), three of which were demonstrated to increase the secretion of fungal xylanase and phytase up to 29% and 41%, respectively. Altogether, our study provided a toolkit for mutagenesis and activation of multiple genes in O. thermomethanolica, which could be useful for future strain engineering to improve heterologous protein production in this yeast.
Chimeric crRNA improves CRISPR–Cas12a specificity in the N501Y mutation detection of Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Mu variants of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Yang Jun , Barua Nilakshi , Rahman Md. Nannur , Lo Norman , Tsang Tsz Fung , Yang Xiao , Chan Paul K. S. , Zhang Li , Ip Margaret
Published: December 2021

Many CRISPR/Cas platforms have been established for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. But the detection platform of the variants of SARS-CoV-2 is scarce because its specificity is very challenging to achieve for those with only one or a few nucleotide(s) differences. Here, we report for the first time that chimeric crRNA could be critical in enhancing the specificity of CRISPR-Cas12a detecting of N501Y, which is shared by Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Mu variants of SARS-CoV-2 without compromising its sensitivity. This strategy could also be applied to detect other SARS-CoV-2 variants that differ only one or a few nucleotide(s) differences.
“To obey or not to obey” - Medical students’ response towards professional dilemmas in a hierarchical and collectivist culture
Authors: Soemantri Diantha , Greviana Nadia , Findyartini Ardi , Azzahra Tiara Berliana , Suryoadji Kemal Akbar , Mustika Rita , Felaza Estivana
Published: December 2021

Background

Clinical clerkship programme in medical schools were developed to provide students with direct interactions with patients and observe clinical teachers in practice. However, professional dilemmas are prone to occur due to the nature of experiential learning. Several studies across different cultures showed that medical students responded differently towards professional dilemma.

Aims

This study aims to explore how medical students respond to professional dilemmas occurred during their clinical clerkships and to what extent culture influences the responses.

Method

A qualitative descriptive approach was used in this study. We conducted four focus group discussions with final year medical students who were selected using maximum variety sampling method. Thematic analysis was conducted following the transcription of the focus groups.

Results

We identified the impact of dilemmas on students’ emotions and concerns, students’ responses towards professional dilemmas, and factors affecting responses to dilemmas in clinical clerkship, which confirmed that cultures played roles in how students responded towards professional dilemmas.

Conclusion

This study has identified that culture, to some extent, influenced the way students responded to professional dilemmas. Therefore, it is paramount to develop a conducive and culturally sensitive educational environment and students’ ability to learn from professional dilemma experienced in the workplace for developing their professional identity.
Polifonía textual y recuperación de la tradición literaria en Donde no se ama de Marco Martos (1974)
Authors: Cuests Esther Soro
Published: December 2021

El objetivo principal del presente artículo es el análisis de la construcción del yo poético y de la influencia de la tradición literaria en la obra del autor peruano Marco Martos (1942). Concretamente, la investigación está centrada en su poemario de 1974 Donde no se ama, en cuyo tercer apartado, «III. Los Cigarrales (Por Pavel Parodi)», Martos pergeña una suerte de juego polifónico en el que, a través del fluctuante sujeto lírico, consigue hacer ingresar en los textos la voz poética de escritores de la talla de César Vallejo, Ernesto Cardenal o Pedro Salinas. Para ello, Martos se valdrá de recursos característicos de la poesía conversacional de la década de 1960, tales como la ironía, la experimentación formal o el monólogo dramático. Sin embargo, su interés por la inclusión y reinterpretación de la literatura precedente lo singularizará con respecto a gran parte de sus contemporáneos, a la par que demostrará que, también de la ruptura, puede emerger la tradición.
La lechuza de Minerva. Realismo y catástrofe
Authors: Rodrigues Carranza Luz
Published: December 2021

El pensamiento, como el ave de Minerva, inicia su vuelo al atardecer. Para Hegel eso era prueba de sabiduría, hoy solo indica un fracaso: los hechos le explotan en la cara. La filosofía y la crítica, con pocas excepciones, sostienen aún que solo hay «ficciones consensuales» (Rancière 2008) o, como denuncia Alain Badiou, que «no hay más que cuerpos y lenguajes» (Badiou 2008:621). La ciencia y el arte, en cambio, han imaginado la catástrofe con soltura desde hace siglos, y un realismo que recupere la tensión ética en el sentido del cambio (Gramuglio) será el que piense y señale la vacilación de las ficciones hacia lo real. En Pongamos por caso (2020), obra estructurada por Rafael Spregelburd y acribillada por performances delegadas de traductores, el dramaturgo «hace cómplice al espectador de que está frente a una actuación, pese a que esta esté atravesada por estados de verdad. Y que eso es lo real». (Spregelburd 2010:170-171).
Reporte de caso clínico: Carcinoma papilar en quiste del conducto tirogloso
Authors: Jaramillo Herrera Tatiana Elizabeth , Abarca Cuenca Jonathan Adrian , Cueva Villalta Luis Michael , Pérez Bustan Ana Luisa , Garrido Cisneros Hernán , Ortega Espinoza Pablo Fernando
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Thyroglossal duct cysts occur in approximately 7% of the adult population. In children, it is the most common cervical congenital anomaly, with a frequency of 70%. Intracystic malignancy is very rare, it occurs in less than 1% of cases, with a mean age of 40 years and predominance in women. CASE REPORT: 29-year-old female patient, with no significant medical background. She consulted for a “lump” in the front neck, which had been slowly growing for three years, and did not produce any symptoms. Physical examination and complementary imaging tests resulted in the diagnosis of an occupational lesion compatible with a thyroglossal cyst. Sistrunk surgery was performed. EVOLUTION: During the surgical procedure, a mass was identified over the hyoid bone, macroscopically compatible with a thyroglossal duct cyst; however, the histopathology report showed papillary thyroid carcinoma within the cyst. The case was discussed; it was decided to only indicate control and follow-up. The patient has been on follow up for 30 months, without recurrence to date. CONCLUSION: Although its incidence is low, papillary thyroid carcinoma can present within a thyroglossal duct cyst; the incidence is slightly higher in female population. Diagnosis in most cases is made after surgical treatment. The treatment choice must be individualized in each case, depending on the risk of recurrence and metastasis, following the current established recommendations.
Proposing Feminist Intepretation of The Qur'an and Affirmative Policy to Suport Women Leadership In Indonesian State Islamic Higher Education
Authors: Nurmila Nina
Published: December 2021

Religion can be supportive or discriminative toward women depending on how we interpret religion. When religion is interpreted from patriarchal lenses, it tends to be discriminative toward women, such as in the case of women leadership. This paper will challenge the existing mainstream patriarchal interpretation of the Qur’an on women leadership by offering new feminist interpretation of the Qur’an which is friendly to women and suggesting affirmative policy to increase the number of women leaders in State Islamic Higher Education (Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri/PTKIN). This paper uses feminist methodology by using interview and literature studies as methods of data collection. This study shows that leadership in PTKIN is still dominated by men due to the strong patriarchal culture. There are only seven female rectors out of 58 PTKIN in Indonesia. Based on this finding, the new interpretation of the Qur’an which is friendly to women needs to be promoted and the existing gender-neutral policy on the selection of rector in PTKIN needs to be revised into affirmative policy to allow more rooms for women’s leadership to achieve Planet 50-50 by 2030. [Agama itu bisa bersifat mendukung atau diskriminatif terhadap perempuan tergantung pada bagaimana kita menafsirkan agama, misalnya dalam hal kepemimpinan perempuan. Artikel ini akan mengkritisi penafsiran Al-Qur’an tentang kepemimpinan perempuan yang ada yang pada umumnya bersifat patriarki dengan menawarkan penafsiran feminis yang baru tentang Al-Qur’an, yang ramah terhadap perempuan, dan dengan menyarankan adanya kebijakan afirmatif untuk meningkatkan jumlah pemimpin perempuan di Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri (PTKIN). Artikel ini menggunakan metodologi feminis dengan menggunakan wawancara dan studi literatur sebagai metode pencari data. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan di PTKIN masih didominasi oleh laki-laki karena masih kuatnya budaya patriarki. Hanya ada tujuh rector perempuan pada 58 PTKIN di Indonesia. Berdasarkan penemuan ini, penafsiran baru tentang Al-Qur’an yang ramah terhadap perempuan perlu dipromosikan dan kebijkan yang netral gender yang ada sekarang ini tentang seleksi rector di PTKIN perlu direvisi menjadi kebijakan afirmatif untuk memberikan ruang yang lebih luas bagi kepemimpinan perempuan, agar dapat mencapai Planet 50-50 pada tahun 2030.]
Digital Libraries in Jordanian Universities and Overcoming the Digital Gap in the Time of COVID-19: A Case Study of Yarmouk University
Authors: Obeidat Othman Abdulkader , - -
Published: December 2021

This study aims to evaluating the pattern of digital library utilization in the time of COVID-19 by the postgraduate students in Yarmouk University - Jordan, in addition to helping the university library’s staff and decision makers to identify the role that the digital library play as a response to the closure due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its effectiveness, Moreover, to examine availability of the ICT infrastructure and support modality the distance teaching and learning which took place due to the university closure since the start of the pandemic. A was used to collect data on how the needs of the postgraduate students and their use of the digital library resources during the period of COVID-19 pandemic. The sample consisted of (180) postgraduate students selected by using simple random sampling technique through (GoogleDocs) in order to represent the study population which is (759) postgraduate students. The findings indicated the poor utilization of digital information resources since students depended on the internet to obtain free digital resources. As a conclusion, the students’ skills have overcome the digital gap as their generation depends on the use of all forms of smart devices.
Extended Jaccard Indexive Buffalo Optimized Clustering on Geo-social Networks with Big Data
Authors: Anoop M. , Sripriya P.
Published: December 2021

Clustering is a general task of data mining where partitioning a large dataset into dissimilar groups is done. The enormous growth of Geo-Social Networks (GeoSNs) includes users, who create millions of heterogeneous data with a variety of information. Analyzing such volume of data is a challenging task. The clustering of large volume of data is used to identify the frequently visited location information of the users in Geo-Social Networks. In order to improve the clustering of a large volume of data, a novel technique called Extended Jaccard Indexive Buffalo Optimized Data Clustering (EJIBODC) is introduced for grouping the data with high accuracy and less time consumption. The main aim of EJIBODC technique is to partition the big dataset into different groups. In this technique, many clusters with centroids are initialized to group the data. After that, Extended Jaccard Indexive Buffalo Optimization technique is applied to find the fittest cluster for grouping the data. The Extended Jaccard Index is applied in the Buffalo Optimization to measure the fitness between the data and the centroid. Based on the similarity value, using a gradient ascent function, the data finds the fittest cluster centroid for grouping. After that, the fitness value of cluster is updated and all the data gets grouped into a suitable cluster with high accuracy and minimum error rate. An experimental procedure is involved with big geo-social dataset and testing of different clustering algorithms. The series discussion is carried out on factors such as clustering accuracy, error rate, clustering time and space complexity with respect to a number of data. Experimental outcomes demonstrate that the proposed EJIBODC technique achieves improved performance in terms of higher clustering accuracy, less error rate, time consumption and space complexity when compared to previous related clustering techniques.
Minimizing Overloads of Critical Tasks Using Machine Learning in CPS by Extending Resources
Authors: Narayanan S. Krishna , Dhanasekaran Dr.S. , Vasudevan Dr.V.
Published: December 2021

With all the growing variety of solutions plus industries as well as nuclear, substance, aerospace, as well as auto sectors to come down with cyber-physical Systems (CPSs), methods remain now actuality seriously loaded. CPSs includes varied dangerous jobs that stand protection dangerous (1) that is high or perhaps non-protection crucial (2) that is low. For conventional job arranging, nearly almost on the current arranging algorithms offer terrible functionality for high criticality jobs, if the method suffers from overburden as well as doesn't present explicit splitting up with various criticality duties to make the most of utilizing cloud online resources. Below, a framework is proposed by us to plan the mixed criticality duties by examining the deadlines of theirs as well as delivery occasions that use the overall presentation of similar handling done by OpenMP (Open Multi-Processing). The suggested agenda presents a piece of ML-based estimate for a job unloading within the area of cloud. Furthermore, it clarifies to perform the nominated variety of low dangerous things within the area of cloud even though the extraordinary serious jobs are operated over the regional CPUs over the method clog. Consequently, the high criticality jobs fulfil almost all the deadlines of theirs and also the method accomplishes a tremendous enhancement within the general delivery period as well as much better throughput. Additionally, the investigational outcomes using OpenMP present the usefulness of utilizing the subdivided arranging during a worldwide arranging technique upon multiprocessor methods to accomplish the works isolation.
Employee Conflicts Leading Towards Hostile Work Environment: A Case of Health Center
Authors: Anand Shobhit , Dwivedi Dr. Ritesh , Kumar Dr. Sukrit
Published: December 2021

The communication style of an organization plays a significant role in achieving the goal. In the healthcare industry aspects of communication among co-workers and management play a very sensitive role. Nicobar health private limited (NHPL) (imaginary) is a large organization. This case study present issues on versions of the communication gap between higher authorities and subordinate employees that lead to traumatized lifetime experience of an employee within the organization while rendering her duties. The differences between two individuals (senior and subordinate) turned into workplace harassment. Communication barriers promoted harassment at workplace, therefore this case study tries to touch these issues and it will also provide suggestions for further improvement in employee communication with reference to a safe workplace.
A Novel Approach of Ensembling the Transfer Learning Methods for Rice Plant Disease Detection and Classification
Authors: Kanuparthi Parameswar , Bejgam Vaibhav , Viswanatham V. Madhu
Published: December 2021

Agriculture, the primary sector of Indian economy. It contributes around 18 percent of overall GDP (Gross Domestic Product). More than fifty percent of Indians belong to an agricultural background. There is a necessary to rapidly increase the agriculture production in India due to the vast increasing of population. The significant crop type for most of the people in India is rice but it was one of the crops that has been mostly affected by the cause of diseases in majority of the cases. This results in reduced yield that lead to loss for farmers. The major challenges faced while cultivating the rice crops is getting infected by the diseases due to the various effects that include environmental conditions, pesticides used and natural disasters. Early detection of rice diseases will eventually help farmers to get out from disasters and help in better yield. In this paper, we are proposing a new method of ensembling the transfer learning models to detect the rice plant and classify the diseases using images. Using this model, the three most common rice crop diseases are detected such as Brown spot, Leaf smut and Bacterial leaf blight. Generally, transfer learning uses pre-trained models and gives better accuracy for the image datasets. Also, ensembling of machine learning algorithms (combining two or more ML algorithms) will help in reducing the generalization error and also makes the model more robust. Ensemble learning is becoming trendier as it reduces generalization error as well as makes the model more robust. The ensembling technique that was used in the paper is majority voting. Here we are proposing a novel model that ensembles three transfer learning models which are InceptionV3, MobileNetV2 and DenseNet121 with an accuracy of 96.42%.
Wspólnota irygacyjna. Administracyjnoprawne aspekty zarządzania wodą w starożytnym Śródziemnomorzu - wybrane przypadki
Authors: Żochowski Kacper
Published: December 2021

Na potrzeby intensywnego rolnictwa wszystkie starożytne cywilizacje musiały stworzyć i utrzymywać systemy irygacyjne. W interesie także cesarstwa rzymskiego leżało zapewnienie odpowiednik warunków dla uprawy roli. Konsekwentnie odkrywane źródła epigraficzne i papirologiczne pozwalają rekonstruować prawne formy działania jakimi posługiwali się Rzymianie, w celu utrzymania sieci irygacyjnych. Okazują się być one diametralnie różne. Jako dwa przykłady wykorzystane zostały środki administracyjnoprawne zastosowane w prowincjach Hispania Tarraconensis oraz Aegyptus. W pierwszej, na podstawie tablicy zawierającej Lex Rivi Hibernensis, wyłonił się obraz struktur samorządowych, w drugiej zaś dzięki papirusom, można odtworzyć struktury hierarchiczne, charakterystyczne dla poprzednich form państwowości na tym terenie. Na podstawie dotychczasowych publikacji zostały opisane struktury administracyjne, ze szczególnym naciskiem na aspekty prawne.
Białoruś przed Łukaszenką. Uwagi historyka prawa o prawie karnym
Authors: Lityński Adam
Published: December 2021

Artykuł recenzyjny w nawiązaniu do publikacji K. Laskowskiej, Prawo karne Białorusi. Przeszłość i teraźniejszość, Temida2, Białystok 2021, ss. 135 i Przestępczość na Białorusi. Przeszłość i teraźniejszość, Temida2, Białystok 2021, ss. 145.
Narodziny, rozwój i dezintegracja idei praw fundamentalnych i tradycyjnej konstytucji w zachodniej myśli politycznej od renesansu do oświecenia
Authors: Wielomski Adam
Published: December 2021

Tekst przedstawia ideę praw fundamentalnych i tradycyjnej konstytucji w europejskiej praktyce i myśli politycznej w XVI i XVII stuleciu. Autor pokazuje, że istotą tej koncepcji jest ograniczenie władzy suwerena przez parlament, prawa stanów, religię i tradycyjne instytucje. Źródło dezintegracji i upadku tego pierwszego europejskiego konstytucjonalizmu widzi w reformacji, wojnach religijnych wewnętrznych i zewnętrznych, a także w środkach stosowanych w walkach konfesyjnych: makiawelizmu i mobilizacji politycznej.
„Każdy z nas ma w życiu własnem dziedzinę umiłowań i ukochań namiętnych…” Zygmunt Jundziłł (1880–1953) – senator – adwokat – zastępca profesora – emigrant
Authors: Siemaszko Karol
Published: December 2021

Zygmunta Jundziłła (1880–1953) bez wątpienia można uznać za jednego z ostatnich obywateli Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. Początkowo związał się ze stronnictwem krajowców, a w okresie II Rzeczypospolitej należał do zwolenników marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego. Z ramienia BBWR sprawował w latach 1930–1935 mandat senatora. Jundziłł był także wykładowcą prawa cywilnego na Uniwersytecie Stefana Batorego w Wilnie, a także adwokatem. W okresie II wojny światowej uniknął aresztowania. Po 1945 r. przebywał na emigracji we Francji i w Wielkiej Brytanii. Zmarł na emigracji w Londynie w 1953 r.
Podręcznik do myślenia. Prawo rzymskie według Kazimierza Kolańczyka
Authors: Nancka Grzegorz
Published: December 2021

Jednym z najbardziej znanych polskich powojennych podręczników do prawa rzymskiego jest opracowanie autorstwa Kazimierza Kolańczyka. Pierwsze wydanie podręcznika Prawo rzymskie ukazało się drukiem w 1973 r. W ciągu blisko pięćdziesięciu lat od tego momentu, praca doczekała się sześciu wydań i co więcej, w trzecim dziesięcioleciu XXI w. stanowi wciąż jedno z cieszących się sporą popularnością opracowań służących do nauki prawa rzymskiego. Przyczyn tego niekwestionowanego sukcesu podręcznika poszukiwać należy już na etapie jego tworzenia. Z tego też powodu niezwykle interesujące wydaje się przedstawienie zaprezentowanej przez autora koncepcji dzieła, okoliczności związanych z jego tworzeniem, a także odbioru pierwszego wydania.
Cultivating the Art of Dying: Margaret Edson’s W;t Between Page and Screen [Kultywując sztukę umierania. W;t Margaret Edson – pomiędzy dramatem a filmem]
Authors: Ziółkowski Grzegorz
Published: December 2021

As death returned to make its mark on the world with the COVID-19 pandemic and, consequently, resurfaced in the social imaginary, we have found ourselves once again full-throatedly asking questions about what it means to die well. These issues lie at the heart of W;t, an American play penned in the early 1990s by Margaret Edson, which could be situated alongside other fictional and true stories that “provide social scripts for dying” (Knox). The play might also be viewed as a modern reference to the medieval tradition of ars bene moriendi and the morality plays linked with that tradition in a symbiotic, synergistic manner. The essay attempts to demonstrate that the meaning underlying Edson’s play (and its television adaptation of 2001) derives primarily from its grappling with the subject of human’s agency in the face of the inevitable. In its close reading of the play, the essay moves between the text, first published in print in 1999, and the screen, to best tap into the interpretive potential of comparing the drama and its film adaptation.
Doświadczanie kina a dramaturgia neomodernizmu filmowego
Authors: Biedny Jan
Published: December 2021

This article is an attempt to investigate contemporary film theory highlighting the inseparable connection between cinema and the human body and seeing, in which sense this theory complements academic recognition about neomodernism. The author expands on the philosophical concept of experience, showing problems posed by its conceptualization, and also points to the connection of this term with the body and sensuality. In the next part, the main distinguishing features characterizing the dramaturgy of cinematic neomodernism are given. The author argues that the dramaturgy of this movement creates a different kind of cinema experience in general. The final part presents an analysis of two films which are examples of the theory of cinema as senses, as well as exemplifying the dramaturgy characteristic for neomodernism, and thus creating a specific type of experience in the viewer.
Transmettre aux aveugles le comique d’une production multimédia. Étude d’un cas
Authors: Tomaszkiewicz Teresa
Published: December 2021

In this paper the author demonstrates the limits of audio description in the transfer of the humorous effects of a film comedy which constitute the “semantic dominant” of this kind of production. The analysis is illustrated by examples from Philippe de Chauveron’s film, À bras ouverts (2017). In this form of intersemiotic translation, the lack of certain visual data can block the possibility of understanding the comic by blind or visually impaired people. The author tries to propose some solutions to this problem in the form of creative audio description.
Former à la traduction multimodale
Authors: Léchauguette Sophie
Published: December 2021

Many books designed for international distribution combine text blocks and images. Their layout offers hybrid messages organized on the visual space of a double page. Texts both in the original language and in translation must fit into limited spaces or boxes positioned around illustrations. Thus, translators practice multimodal translation, writing texts that preserve or enhance the cohesion between visual and textual messages. This skill requires some training. Unfortunately, while theoretical writings on pragmatic translation acknowledge its intersemiotic nature, few training programs address this aspect. The creation of a course on multimodal translation would be a valued addition to any translator training program. The concept of a hybrid translation unit offers a way of structuring material to introduce both intersemiotic and multimodal translation in professional curricula. The author draws on her professional experience to discuss the role of illustrations in grasping meaning through practical examples. She suggests generalizable translation strategies to strengthen text-image cohesion, or even generate text from images alone, while adapting the book in translation to its intended readership.
Inter-individual variation in the migratory behaviour of a generalist seabird, the herring gull (Larus smithsoniansus), from the Canadian Arctic
Authors: Baak Julia E. , Mallory Mark L. , Anderson Christine M. , Auger-Méthé Marie , Macdonald Christie A. , Janssen Michael H. , Gilchrist H. Grant , Provencher Jennifer F. , Gutowsky Sarah E.
Published: December 2021

The Arctic is warming three times faster than the rest of the globe, causing rapid transformational changes in Arctic ecosystems. As these changes increase, understanding seabird movements will be important for predicting how they respond to climate change, and thus how we plan for conservation. Moreover, as most Arctic-breeding seabirds only spend the breeding season in the Arctic, climate change may also affect them through habitat changes in their non-breeding range. We used Global Location Sensors (GLS) to provide new insights on the movement of Arctic-breeding herring gulls (Larus smithsoniansus) in North America. We tracked gulls that wintered in the Gulf of Mexico (n = 7) or the Great Lakes (n = 1), and found that migratory routes and stopover sites varied between individuals, and between southbound and northbound migration. This inter-individual variation suggests that herring gulls, as a generalist species, can make use of an array of regions during migration, but may be more susceptible to climate change impacts in their overwintering locations than during migration. However, due to our limited sample size, future, multi-year studies are recommended to better understand the impacts of climate change on this Arctic-breeding seabird.
Increasing the efficiency of randomized trial estimates via linear adjustment for a prognostic score
Authors: Schuler Alejandro , Walsh David , Hall Diana , Walsh Jon , Fisher Charles
Published: December 2021

Estimating causal effects from randomized experiments is central to clinical research. Reducing the statistical uncertainty in these analyses is an important objective for statisticians. Registries, prior trials, and health records constitute a growing compendium of historical data on patients under standard-of-care that may be exploitable to this end. However, most methods for historical borrowing achieve reductions in variance by sacrificing strict type-I error rate control. Here, we propose a use of historical data that exploits linear covariate adjustment to improve the efficiency of trial analyses without incurring bias. Specifically, we train a prognostic model on the historical data, then estimate the treatment effect using a linear regression while adjusting for the trial subjects’ predicted outcomes (their prognostic scores). We prove that, under certain conditions, this prognostic covariate adjustment procedure attains the minimum variance possible among a large class of estimators. When those conditions are not met, prognostic covariate adjustment is still more efficient than raw covariate adjustment and the gain in efficiency is proportional to a measure of the predictive accuracy of the prognostic model above and beyond the linear relationship with the raw covariates. We demonstrate the approach using simulations and a reanalysis of an Alzheimer’s disease clinical trial and observe meaningful reductions in mean-squared error and the estimated variance. Lastly, we provide a simplified formula for asymptotic variance that enables power calculations that account for these gains. Sample size reductions between 10% and 30% are attainable when using prognostic models that explain a clinically realistic percentage of the outcome variance.
Adverse perinatal outcomes of chlamydia infections: an ongoing challenge
Authors: Eliner Yael , Gulersen Moti , Grunebaum Amos , Lenchner Erez , Bar-El Liron , Chervenak Frank A. , Bornstein Eran
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the world, but there are limited data on its impact on perinatal outcomes. Our objective was to investigate the association between chlamydia infections and adverse perinatal outcomes.

Methods

This is a retrospective analysis of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention natality live birth database for the years 2016–2019. The rates of adverse perinatal outcomes were compared between patients with a chlamydia infection during pregnancy and patients without such infection, using Pearson’s chi-square test with the Bonferroni adjustment. A multivariate logistic regression was then used to adjust outcomes for potential confounders.

Results

Chlamydia infections were associated with small, but statistically significant, increased odds of preterm birth (<37 weeks), early preterm birth (<32 weeks), low birthweight (<2,500 g), congenital anomalies, low 5-min Apgar score (<7), neonatal intensive care unit admission, immediate neonatal ventilation, prolonged (>6 h) neonatal ventilation, and neonatal antibiotic treatment for suspected sepsis.

Conclusions

Chlamydia infections during pregnancy are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. These results call for increased education regarding the potential risks of pregnancies with a chlamydia infection, as well as for increased antenatal surveillance and post-natal pediatric assessment in these pregnancies.
Syntactic discontinuous reduplication with antonymic pairs: a case study from Italian
Authors: Masini Francesca , Mattiola Simone
Published: December 2021

This article aims at giving a comprehensive account of a so far undescribed reduplicative pattern in Italian namedsyntactic discontinuous reduplication with antonymic pairs(SDRA). This pattern, characterized by the non-contiguous repetition of the same element within a larger fixed configuration defined by two spatial antonyms, can be schematized as , where Adv1and Adv2are antonyms (e.g.,di qua‘here’∼ di là‘there’). After describing its formal and functional properties, based on naturally occurring data extracted from theItalian Web 2016corpus, the SDRA is analyzed as an independent ‘construction’ in the Construction Grammar sense. This construction is claimed to convey a general value of ‘plurality’ and to have developed a polysemy network of daughter constructions expressing more specific functions such as ‘distributivity,’ ‘related variety,’ and ‘dispersion.’ In addition, we propose considering the SDRA a ‘multiple source construction,’ originating from the blending of two independent constructions: syntactic reduplication and irreversible binomials with antonymic adverbs. Finally, we discuss SDRA-like patterns in other typologically different languages (Russian, Modern Hebrew, Mandarin Chinese, German), pointing out similarities and differences, and paving the way to a more systematic study of discontinuous reduplication in a crosslinguistic perspective.
Probing higher order optical modes in all-dielectric nanodisk, -square, and -triangle by aperture type scanning near-field optical microscopy
Authors: Frolov Aleksandr Yu. , Van de Vondel Joris , Panov Vladimir I. , Van Dorpe Pol , Fedyanin Andrey A. , Moshchalkov Victor V. , Verellen Niels
Published: December 2021

All-dielectric nanoantennas, consisting of high refractive index semiconductor material, are drawing a great deal of attention in nanophotonics. Owing to their ability to manipulate efficiently the flow of light within sub-wavelength volumes, they have become the building blocks of a wide range of new photonic metamaterials and devices. The interaction of the antenna with light is largely governed by its size, geometry, and the symmetry of the multitude of optical cavity modes it supports. Already for simple antenna shapes, unraveling the full modal spectrum using conventional far-field techniques is nearly impossible due to the spatial and spectral overlap of the modes and their symmetry mismatch with incident radiation fields. This limitation can be circumvented by using localized excitation of the antenna. Here, we report on the experimental near-field probing of optical higher order cavity modes (CMs) and whispering gallery modes (WGMs) in amorphous silicon nanoantennas with simple, but fundamental, geometrical shapes of decreasing rotational symmetry: a disk, square, and triangle. Tapping into the near-field using an aperture type scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) opens a window on a rich variety of optical patterns resulting from the local excitation of antenna modes of different order with even and odd parity. Numerical analysis of the antenna and SNOM probe interaction shows how the near-field patterns reveal the node positions of – and allows us to distinguish between – cavity and whispering gallery modes. As such, this study contributes to a richer and deeper characterization of the structure of light in confined nanosystems, and their impact on the structuring of the light fields they generate.
Advancing statistical learning and artificial intelligence in nanophotonics inverse design
Authors: Wang Qizhou , Makarenko Maksim , Burguete Lopez Arturo , Getman Fedor , Fratalocchi Andrea
Published: December 2021

Nanophotonics inverse design is a rapidly expanding research field whose goal is to focus users on defining complex, high-level optical functionalities while leveraging machines to search for the required material and geometry configurations in sub-wavelength structures. The journey of inverse design begins with traditional optimization tools such as topology optimization and heuristics methods, including simulated annealing, swarm optimization, and genetic algorithms. Recently, the blossoming of deep learning in various areas of data-driven science and engineering has begun to permeate nanophotonics inverse design intensely. This review discusses state-of-the-art optimizations methods, deep learning, and more recent hybrid techniques, analyzing the advantages, challenges, and perspectives of inverse design both as a science and an engineering.
Ending Christian Hegemony: Jean-Luc Nancy and the Ends of Eurocentric Thought
Authors: Dickinson Colby
Published: December 2021

This essay addresses Jean-Luc Nancy’s “deconstruction of Christianity” and how what Christianity proclaims through enacting a deconstruction of itself brings an end to the western, hegemonic hold that Christian imperialism has perpetuated for centuries. Nancy, for his part, takes up the name of Christianity insofar as it is a religious phenomenon that signals a trajectory of thought in the West that must be discerned as providing an “exit from religion and of the expansion of the atheist world.” Since deconstructing the dominant narratives of the West means deconstructing the myth of a sovereign, autonomous deity whose reign, Nancy declares, has reached its end, Christianity utilizes its own kenotic narrative to point toward the end of religion and Eurocentrism at the same time.
Social Protection and Gender Inequality in Using Enabling Technology: An Analysis with the Framework of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Authors: Liu Suyu
Published: December 2021

This article explores the relationship between social protection and gender gaps in using enabling technology with the perspective of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as both are SDG Indicators. A cross-country comparative examination of 38 countries shows that gender disparity in mobile phone ownership is significantly and negatively correlated with the overall mobile phone owning rate and the proportion of females owning a mobile phone in a country. The coverage of social insurance programmes in a country has very weak and negative association with gender disparity in mobile phone ownership, and the correlation is statistically insignificant. The cross-country variations in mobile phone ownership are significant if gender is not considered. The results suggest that the social protection systems in these countries may not be gender-sensitive enough. A number of practical implications are provided based on the empirical evidence, and improvements in future studies are also suggested since this article is an initial output of a series of follow-up research in the author’s plan.