bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Determination of Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A in Cereals by a Novel Electrochemical Aptasensor Using Metal–Organic Framework as Signal Carrier
Authors: Xu Yiwei , Jia Xupeng , Yang Sennan , Cao Mengrui , He Baoshan , Ren Wenjie , Suo Zhiguang
Published: July 2024

A novel electrochemical aptasensor was prepared for the simultaneous determination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA). Composites of Au nanoparticles and polyethyleneimine-reduced graphene oxide (AuNPs/PEI-RGO) with good electrical conductivity and high specific surface area were employed as the supporting substrate, demonstrating the ability to provide more binding sites for aptamers and accelerate the electron transfer. Aptamers were immobilized on a AuNPs/PEI-RGO surface to specifically recognize AFB1 and OTA. A metal–organic framework of UiO-66-NH2 served as the signal carrier to load metal ions of Cu2+ and Pb2+, which facilitated the generation of independent current peaks and effectively improved the electrochemical signals. The prepared aptasensor exhibited sensitive current responses for AFB1 and OTA with a linear range of 0.01 to 1000 ng/mL, with detection limits of 6.2 ng/L for AFB1 and 3.7 ng/L for OTA, respectively. The aptasensor was applied to detect AFB1 and OTA in cereal samples, achieving results comparable with HPLC-MS, with recovery results from 92.5% to 104.1%. With these merits of high sensitivity and good selectivity and stability, the prepared aptasensor proved to be a powerful tool for evaluating contaminated cereals.
Algae-Boosted Chickpea Hummus: Improving Nutrition and Texture with Seaweeds and Microalgae
Authors: Matheus José , Alegria Maria João , Nunes Maria Cristiana , Raymundo Anabela
Published: July 2024

The global food industry faces a critical challenge in ensuring sustainable practices to meet the demands of a growing population while minimizing environmental impact. At the same time, consumer awareness and the demand for quality products drive innovation and inspire positive changes in the food supply chain. Aiming to create a more sustainable and nutrient-rich alternative, this study is summarized by characterizing the physical and chemical characteristics of algae-enriched chickpea hummus: an innovative approach to popular food products. The algae-enriched hummuses were developed with an incorporation (6% w/w) of Gelidium corneum and Fucus vesiculosus seaweeds and Chlorella vulgaris (hetero and autotrophic) microalgae to reveal their technological potential and evaluate the nutritional and rheological characteristics relative to a control hummus (without algae). From a nutritional perspective, the main results indicated that hummus enriched with microalgae showed an increase in protein content and an improved mineral profile. This was particularly notable for the seaweed F. vesiculosus and the autotrophic microalga C. vulgaris, leading to claims of being a “source of” and “rich in” various minerals. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of hummus containing F. vesiculosus and C. vulgaris increased significantly compared to the control. From a rheological perspective, incorporating algae into the humus strengthened its structure. The microalgae further enhanced the dish’s elasticity and firmness, thus improving this chickpea-based dish´s overall texture and quality.
Transcriptome Reveals the Key Genes Related to the Metabolism of Volatile Sulfur-Containing Compounds in Lentinula edodes Mycelium
Authors: Li Zheng , Pan Fei , Huang Wen , Gao Shuangshuang , Feng Xi , Chang Meijie , Chen Lianfu , Bian Yinbing , Tian Wenli , Liu Ying
Published: July 2024

Lentinula edodes (L. edodes) is a globally popular edible mushroom because of its characteristic sulfur-containing flavor compounds. However, the formation of the volatile sulfur-containing compounds in the mycelium of L. edodes has not been studied. We found that there were also sulfur-containing aroma compounds in the mycelium of L. edodes, and the content and composition varied at different stages of mycelial growth and development. The γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT) and cysteine sulfoxide lyase (C-S lyase) related to the generation of sulfur compounds showed the highest activities in the 15-day sample. Candidate genes for the metabolism of volatile sulfur compounds in mycelium were screened using transcriptome analysis, including encoding the GGT enzyme, C-S lyase, fatty acid oxidase, HSP20, and P450 genes. The expression patterns of Leggt3 and Leccsl3 genes were consistent with the measured activities of GGT and C-S lyase during the cultivation of mycelium and molecular dynamics simulations showed that they could stably bind to the substrate. Our findings provide insights into the formation of sulfur-containing flavor compounds in L. edodes. The mycelium of L. edodes is suggested for use as material for the production of sulfur-containing flavor compounds.
Physical Activity Interventions in People with Diabetes: A Systematic Review of The Qualitative Evidence
Authors: Vilafranca-Cartagena Mireia , Bonet-Augè Aida , Colillas-Malet Ester , Puiggrós-Binefa Antònia , Tort-Nasarre Glòria
Published: July 2024

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the results of qualitative research into people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their propensity to engage in physical activity (PA), and to identify and analyse their experiences and opinions of interventions and programs designed to increase their adherence to PA recommendations. Design: Systematic review of qualitative studies extracted from databases using the SPIDER systematic search method. The review included studies that combined qualitative and mixed methods research and compiled the experiences and opinions of people with T2DM who had participated in interventions to increase their levels of PA. A thematic summary of qualitative data was performed. Results: The review comprised nine studies published between 2017 and 2021, which included 170 people. Four themes and ten subthemes were identified. The four themes include: (1) factors related to PA, (2) factors related to the program, (3) factors related to the support the participants received and (4) factors related to the person. Conclusion: The support patients receive, both from family/friends and from health providers, is key to consolidating changes in habits and in promoting individualized health education. Future interventions and health policies should reinforce programs designed to promote PA that prioritize the experiences of people in order to increase their adherence to PA programs.
Effectiveness of a Mobile Health Application for Educating Outpatients about Bowel Preparation
Authors: Chen Hui-Yu , Tu Ming-Hsiang , Chen Miao-Yen
Published: July 2024

Colonoscopy is an essential method for diagnosing and treating colorectal cancer, relying on effective bowel preparation to thoroughly examine the large intestinal mucosa. Traditional education involves printed instructions and verbal explanations but does not guarantee clear patient understanding. Poor bowel preparation can obscure mucosal visibility, delaying cancer diagnosis and treatment. A mobile medical model using Android devices for bowel preparation education was tested in a single-blind, randomized trial. This trial enrolled outpatients undergoing colonoscopy at the Endoscopy Center for Diagnostic and Treatment between 27 October 2021 and 31 December 2022. This study introduced the ColonClean app alongside traditional methods. After examination, endoscopists rated the preparation quality using the Aronchick scale. A data analysis was conducted using SPSS 25.0 to determine if there was a significant improvement in bowel preparation quality between the control group (traditional method) and the experimental group (traditional method plus the ColonClean app). Forty patients were recruited in each group. In the experimental group, all ratings were “fair”, with 75% receiving an “excellent” or “good” rating, showing statistical significance (p = 0.016). The ColonClean app improves bowel preparation quality more effectively than traditional care instructions.
Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Questionnaire on Stress in Diabetic Patients (QSD-R) to Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Segalla Amanda Vitória Zorzi , Meneguin Silmara , Negrato Carlos Antonio , de Oliveira Cesar
Published: July 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that can cause psychological stress. This study was conducted to perform the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the QSD-R for diabetic patients into Portuguese (Brazil). Methods: This study was a cross-cultural adaptation process carried out in a public university in São Paulo, Brazil, in three stages: translation and backtranslation by two native-speaking independent professionals, analysis by a committee of specialists, and a pre-test phase. Results: The final version was created by seven experts after making semantic, idiomatic, and cultural changes to eighteen items. The results indicated a satisfactory content validation index (CVI ≥ 0.80). This version was applied to 30 patients. No item was excluded from the instrument. Conclusion: The translated version of the QSD-R was considered adequate and culturally adapted for use in Brazil to enable the psychometric validation of the instrument.
Factors Influencing the Intention of Chinese Adults to Recommend COVID-19 Vaccination for Specific or Non-Specific Groups
Authors: Pang Yuxin , Li Bowen , Li Tongyao , Yang Tianan , Deng Jianwei , Deng Wenhao
Published: July 2024

The widespread availability of vaccines has profound implications for sustainable public health. Positive recommendation on vaccination is one of the most effective ways to increase the willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing the intentions to recommend COVID-19 vaccination for specific groups (IRCVSG) and the intentions to recommend COVID-19 vaccination for non-specific groups (IRCVNSG) in China and explore the mediating role of vaccine hesitancy and perception of vaccination information. This study conducted a cross-sectional anonymous online survey of adults (N = 903) in 28 provincial-level administrative regions in China in May 2022. The prevalence of IRCVSG and IRCVNSG was 60.5% and 93.0%, respectively. Health information literacy has a significant direct and indirect impact on IRCVSG through safety hesitancy and the perceived adequacy and usefulness of vaccination information. The relationship between health information literacy and IRCVNSG is entirely mediated via hesitation about the effectiveness and perceived usefulness of vaccination information. Special attention should be paid to the safety hesitation of COVID-19 vaccination for specific groups. This study tests these effects from both theoretical and practical perspectives, helping to address barriers to promoting the vaccination of specific groups for COVID-19 in clinical practice, improving health and sustainability.
A Post-Implanto-Prosthetic Rehabilitation Study Regarding the Degree of Improvement in Patients’ Quality of Life: A Before–After Study
Authors: Lixandru Cosmin Ionuț , Maniu Ionela , Cernușcă-Mițariu Maria Mihaela , Făgețan Mihai Iulian , Cernușcă-Mițariu Ioan Sebastian , Domnariu Horațiu Paul , Lixandru George Adrian , Domnariu Carmen Daniela
Published: July 2024

Background: Implant–prosthetic rehabilitation has the ability to improve the quality of life of patients, because, in addition to the role of restoring masticatory function, they also have many other benefits, such as restoring aesthetics or improving speech. This study aimed to analyze whether patients’ quality of life was improved by implanto-prosthetic rehabilitation and which were the most important aspects. Materials and Methods: In this before–after study, we applied the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire to analyze the degree to which complex implanto-prosthetic rehabilitation led or not to an increase in patients’ quality of life. The present study was carried out at the level of a private medical center in a city in the central region of Romania and included patients who visited this medical center between January and June 2022 and who benefited from a complex implanto-prosthetic rehabilitation, with the total number of patients eligible for inclusion in the study being 116. Results: Overall, an improvement in quality of life after implant-prosthetic rehabilitation was found. Patients’ gender, age, or educational level did not significantly influence their responses. The network analysis offered an overview (intuitive visual representation) of the similarities but also the differences in the OHIP-14 item relationships in both situations: before and after oral rehabilitation. Conclusions: A better understanding of how patients perceive implanto-prosthetic rehabilitation and the aspects that influence this perception can lead to an improvement in their quality of life, increasing the addressability of this type of medical procedure.
A Longitudinal Study of CogEvo’s Prediction of Cognitive Decline in Older Adults
Authors: Ichii Sadanobu , Oba Hikaru , Sugimura Yoshikuni , Yang Yichi , Shoji Mikio , Ihara Kazushige
Published: July 2024

The predictive abilities of computer-based screening devices for early cognitive decline (CD) in older adults have rarely been longitudinally examined. Therefore, this study examined the ability of CogEvo, a short-duration, computer-based cognitive screening device requiring little professional involvement, to predict CD among community-dwelling older adults. We determined whether 119 individuals aged ≥ 65 years living in Japanese rural communities who scored ≥ 24 on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at baseline developed CD by annually administering the MMSE to them. CD was defined as an MMSE score of ≤23. At baseline, the overall CogEvo judgment grade, with lower grades indicating better cognitive function, was calculated from the results of various cognitive tasks. Over 2 years, 10 participants developed CD. Participants with grades of 4 had a higher percentage of CD cases than those with grades of ≤3 (p < 0.01). This relationship remained significant after controlling for possible confounders, including the MMSE score at baseline. The sensitivity and specificity of the CogEvo grade cutoff of 4 were 50.0% and 93.6%, respectively. In conclusion, CogEvo may be an efficient tool for identifying individuals at a high risk for dementia. The possibility of missing CD cases should be considered when using CogEvo for screening.
Development and Effectiveness of a Pattern Management Educational Program Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Korea: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Kong Seung-Yeon , Cho Mi-Kyoung
Published: July 2024

Background: The prevalence of diabetes has increased worldwide. Therefore, interest in improving glycemic control for diabetes has grown, and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has recently received attention as an effective glycemic control method. This study developed and evaluated the effectiveness of an education program for pattern management using CGM based on Whittemore and Roy’s middle-range theory of adapting to diabetes mellitus. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 50 adult patients with type 2 diabetes who visited the outpatient clinic of a university hospital. The experimental group was treated with a pattern management program using CGM for 12 weeks and six personalized education sessions were provided to the patients through face-to-face education and phone monitoring. Results: The frequency of diabetes-related symptoms in the experimental group decreased, and social support (t = 2.95, p = 0.005), perceived benefits (t = 3.72, p < 0.001) and self-care significantly increased (t = 6.09, p < 0.001). Additionally, the program was found to be effective in improving HbA1c (t = −3.83, p < 0.001), FBS (t = −2.14, p = 0.038), and HDL-C (t = 2.39, p = 0.021). Conclusion: The educational program developed through this study can be implemented as a self-management approach for individuals with type 2 diabetes using CGM, aimed at enhancing glycemic control and preventing complications.
Influence of Slope Aspect and Vegetation on the Soil Moisture Response to Snowmelt in the German Alps
Authors: Schaefer Michael Leopold , Bogacki Wolfgang , Lopez Caceres Maximo Larry , Kirschbauer Lothar , Kato Chihiro , Kikuchi Shun-ichi
Published: July 2024

Snow, especially in mountainous regions, plays a major role acting as a quasi-reservoir, as it gradually releases fresh water during the melting season and thereby fills rivers, lakes, and groundwater aquifers. For vegetation and irrigation, the timing of the snowmelt is crucial. Therefore, it is necessary to understand how snowmelt varies under different local conditions. While differences in slope aspect and vegetation (individually) were linked to differences in snow accumulation and ablation, this study connects the two and describes their influence on the soil moisture response to snowmelt. This research focuses on the catchment of the “Brunnenkopfhütte” (BKH) in Bavaria, southern Germany, where an automatic weather station (AWS) has operated since 2016. In addition, soil temperature and moisture monitoring systems in the surrounding area on a south aspect slope on an open field (SO), on a south aspect slope in the forest (SF), and a north aspect slope in the forest (NF) have operated since 2020. On snow-free days in winter, the soil temperature at the SF site was on average 1 °C lower than on the open site. At the NF site, this soil temperature difference increased to 2.3 °C. At the same time, for a 1 °C increase in the air temperature, the soil temperature increases by 0.35 °C at the NF site. In addition, at this site, snow cover disappeared approximately one week later than on the south aspect slopes. Snow cover at the SF site disappeared even earlier than at the SO site. Finally, a significant difference in the soil moisture response was found between the sites. While the vegetation cover dampens the magnitude of the soil moisture increases, at the NF site, no sharp increases in soil moisture were observed.
Assessing the Resilience of Islamic Stocks in BRIC Countries: Analyzing Coherence and Cointegration with S&P 500 Options Implied Volatility Smirk during the Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Hoque Ariful , Bhuiyan Tanvir , Le Thi
Published: July 2024

Challenging the perceived immunity of Islamic stocks to the global financial crisis, this research investigates whether there was any coherence and long-run cointegration between Islamic stocks of BRIC countries and S&P 500 options implied volatility smirk (IVS) in BRIC countries during the global financial crisis (GFC). Employing Engle–Granger and Johansen’s cointegration tests along with wavelet coherence analysis, this study reveals significant long-run cointegration and both short-term and long-term wavelet coherence between IVS and Islamic stock returns (ISRs). Since the S&P 500 options IVS is a reliable indicator of GFC in the context of the conventional stock market, the cointegration and coherence between ISRs and IVS indicate the susceptibility of ISRs to market contagion during the GFC. These findings challenge the notion of Islamic stocks as a safe haven during financial crises, showing their susceptibility to market downturns similar to conventional stocks.
Coupling Hyperbolic GCN with Graph Generation for Spatial Community Detection and Dynamic Evolution Analysis
Authors: Liu Huimin , Yang Qiu , Yang Xuexi , Tang Jianbo , Deng Min , Gui Rong
Published: July 2024

Spatial community detection is a method that divides geographic spaces into several sub-regions based on spatial interactions, reflecting the regional spatial structure against the background of human mobility. In recent years, spatial community detection has attracted extensive research in the field of geographic information science. However, mining the community structures and their evolutionary patterns from spatial interaction data remains challenging. Most existing methods for spatial community detection rely on representing spatial interaction networks in Euclidean space, which results in significant distortion when modeling spatial interaction networks; since spatial community detection has no ground truth, this results in the detection and evaluation of communities being difficult. Furthermore, most methods usually ignore the dynamics of these spatial interaction networks, resulting in the dynamic evolution of spatial communities not being discussed in depth. Therefore, this study proposes a framework for community detection and evolutionary analysis for spatial interaction networks. Specifically, we construct a spatial interaction network based on network science theory, where geographic units serve as nodes and interaction relationships serve as edges. In order to fully learn the structural features of the spatial interaction network, we introduce a hyperbolic graph convolution module in the community detection phase to learn the spatial and non-spatial attributes of the spatial interaction network, obtain vector representations of the nodes, and optimize them based on a graph generation model to achieve the final community detection results. Considering the dynamics of spatial interactions, we analyze the evolution of the spatial community over time. Finally, using taxi trajectory data as an example, we conduct relevant experiments within the fifth ring road of Beijing. The empirical results validate the community detection capabilities of the proposed method, which can effectively describe the dynamic spatial structure of cities based on human mobility and provide an effective analytical method for urban spatial planning.
Feeding Preferences of the Bean Leaf Beetle (Ootheca spp.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): Insights for Targeted Pest Control Strategies in Uganda
Authors: Olaboro Samuel , Kyamanywa Samuel , Lutaakome Moses , Paparu Pamela , Halerimana Charles , Nkalubo Stanley Tamusange , Otim Michael Hilary.
Published: July 2024

The bean leaf beetle (BLB) (Ootheca spp.) is a polyphagous pest causing significant yield losses in Uganda, particularly in the Northern and Eastern regions on various hosts plants. Despite its polyphagous behaviour, the BLB exhibits preferential feeding, offering an opportunity for targeted pest management. This study explored its feeding preferences across seven crops: common bean, cowpea, greengram, okra, roselle (malakwang), groundnuts, and soybean. This study was conducted in Arua and Lira districts using a randomized complete block design for two rainy seasons (2018A and 2018B). The results showed significant differences in BLB abundance and foliar damage among host crops, locations, days after planting and seasons. Cowpea was the most preferred crop while groundnuts was the least preferred. Therefore, cowpea can be recommended for use as a trap for managing Ootheca spp. in gardens where it is not the main crop. There was a higher pest abundance in Arua than in Lira. There was also a higher pest abundance in 2018A than in 2018B. These findings highlight the importance of understanding BLB’s feeding preferences for implementing effective IPM strategies, emphasizing the potential role of trap cropping, especially with cowpea, to minimize BLB damage in resource-constrained agricultural settings.
Assessing the Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence Models in Scoliosis Classification and Suggested Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Fabijan Artur , Zawadzka-Fabijan Agnieszka , Fabijan Robert , Zakrzewski Krzysztof , Nowosławska Emilia , Polis Bartosz
Published: July 2024

Background: Open-source artificial intelligence models (OSAIMs) are increasingly being applied in various fields, including IT and medicine, offering promising solutions for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. In response to the growing interest in AI for clinical diagnostics, we evaluated several OSAIMs—such as ChatGPT 4, Microsoft Copilot, Gemini, PopAi, You Chat, Claude, and the specialized PMC-LLaMA 13B—assessing their abilities to classify scoliosis severity and recommend treatments based on radiological descriptions from AP radiographs. Methods: Our study employed a two-stage methodology, where descriptions of single-curve scoliosis were analyzed by AI models following their evaluation by two independent neurosurgeons. Statistical analysis involved the Shapiro–Wilk test for normality, with non-normal distributions described using medians and interquartile ranges. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using Fleiss’ kappa, and performance metrics, like accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 scores, were used to evaluate the AI systems’ classification accuracy. Results: The analysis indicated that although some AI systems, like ChatGPT 4, Copilot, and PopAi, accurately reflected the recommended Cobb angle ranges for disease severity and treatment, others, such as Gemini and Claude, required further calibration. Particularly, PMC-LLaMA 13B expanded the classification range for moderate scoliosis, potentially influencing clinical decisions and delaying interventions. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for the continuous refinement of AI models to enhance their clinical applicability.
Nutritional Status and Post-Cardiac Surgery Outcomes: An Updated Review with Emphasis on Cognitive Function
Authors: Juliana Norsham , Abd Aziz Nur Adilah Shuhada , Maluin Sofwatul Mokhtarah , Abu Yazit Noor Anisah , Azmani Sahar , Kadiman Suhaini , Hafidz Kamilah Muhammad , Mohd Fahmi Teng Nur Islami , Das Srijit
Published: July 2024

Background/Objectives: Nutritional status significantly influences cardiac surgery outcomes, with malnutrition contributing to poorer results and increased complications. This study addresses the critical gap in understanding by exploring the relationship between pre-operative nutritional status and post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in adult cardiac patients. Methods: A comprehensive search across key databases investigates the prevalence of malnutrition in pre-operative cardiac surgery patients, its effects, and its association with POCD. Factors exacerbating malnutrition, such as chronic illnesses and reduced functionality, are considered. The study also examines the incidence of POCD, its primary association with CABG procedures, and the impact of malnutrition on complications like inflammation, pulmonary and cardiac failure, and renal injury. Discussions: Findings reveal that 46.4% of pre-operative cardiac surgery patients experience malnutrition, linked to chronic illnesses and reduced functionality. Malnutrition significantly contributes to inflammation and complications, including POCD, with an incidence ranging from 15 to 50%. CABG procedures are particularly associated with POCD, and malnutrition prolongs intensive care stays while increasing vulnerability to surgical stress. Conclusions: The review underscores the crucial role of nutrition in recovery and advocates for a universally recognized nutrition assessment tool tailored to diverse cardiac surgery patients. Emphasizing pre-operative enhanced nutrition as a potential strategy to mitigate inflammation and improve cognitive function, the review highlights the need for integrating nutrition screening into clinical practice to optimize outcomes for high-risk cardiac surgery patients. However, to date, most data came from observational studies; hence, there is a need for future interventional studies to test the hypothesis that pre-operative enhanced nutrition can mitigate inflammation and improve cognitive function in this patient population.
Echocardiographic Predictors of Improvement of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction below 35% in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Shmueli Hezzy , Tsaban Gal , Moreno Anna , Shamia David , Weissberg Itai , Uziel David , Star Artyom , Elhaj Khaled , Abramowitz Yigal
Published: July 2024

Introduction: An ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a clinical syndrome defined by symptoms of myocardial ischemia, persistent electrocardiographic ST-segment elevation and subsequent release of biomarkers suggestive of myocardial necrosis. In clinical practice, echocardiography has become essential in evaluating patients after acute myocardial infarction. We aimed to assess clinical and echocardiographic parameters that may affect LV function recovery in patients after STEMI. Methods: This study is a retrospective observational study from a tertiary referral center in Israel. We collected patients that were admitted with STEMI and a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) below 35% on preliminary echocardiography at the index hospitalization and compared the findings to a follow-up study performed within 1–6 months after that event, in order to see if there are predictors of LVEF change > 10% within 90 days following STEMI. Results: This study included 101 patients that were admitted between 2016 and 2021. Within a median follow-up of 9.7 weeks (IQR 5.9–17.1), 27 (25.2%) patients had improved their LVEF, and 74 (69.2%) had no change or further reduced LVEF. Compared to patients without LVEF improvement, those with improved LVEF were more likely to be female (29.6% vs. 9.5%, p = 0.01), less likely to suffer from hypertension (33.3% vs. 56.8%, p = 0.04) and had marginally higher rates of thrombolysis treatment (14.1% vs. 4.1%, p = 0.06). Conclusions: in the population of STEMI patients with residual LVEF < 35%, approximately a quarter will improve at least 10% in their follow-up LVEF, and there were no clear echocardiographic predictors for this improvement.
Evaluation of Lower Limb Asymmetry Index Based on the 30-Second Skater Squat Functional Test in Young Men
Authors: Kamiński Mateusz , Cygańska Anna Katarzyna
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Physical performance tests (PPTs) are used for the pre-season evaluation of athletes and to monitor and control the rehabilitation process. PPTs include single-leg jumps, single-leg squats, and balance tests. One of the physical fitness tests is the skater squat test. The 30 s skater squat functional test (SSFT) is used as one of the tests to assess fitness and symmetry in the lower limbs. The present study aimed to calculate and compare the asymmetry index using the 30 s skater squat functional test, the single-leg distance jump test, and the isometric measurement of knee joint extensor strength. Materials and Methods: The study examined 25 men aged 23 ± 3.17 years. The study used the 30 s SSFT, the single-leg long jump test (SLLJT), and an isometric dynamometer test to measure peak moment of force values for extensors of the knee using the JBA Zbigniew Staniak® measuring station (“JBA” Zb. Staniak, Poland). The statistical analysis of functional test results and iso-metric dynamometry results was based on correlation analysis. Results: There was a moderate correlation between 30 s SSFT and SLLJT (r = 0.540), and between SLLJT and measurements of peak moment of force of the knee joint extensors (r = 0.533). Conclusions: The asymmetry index calculated based on functional tests and peak moment of force of the knee extensors in a group of young men should not be used interchangeably. The asymmetry index calculated from the 30 s skater squat functional test detects greater differences in knee extensor strength than the ASI index calculated from the single-leg long jump test in a group of young male athletes. The practical significance of this study was that its results could play an important role in the training process and monitoring the return to sports after a possible injury.
Exploring Pattern of Relapse in Pediatric Patients with Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia and Acute Myeloid Leukemia Undergoing Stem Cell Transplant Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Shyr David , Zhang Bing M. , Saini Gopin , Brewer Simon C.
Published: July 2024

Background. Leukemic relapse remains the primary cause of treatment failure and death after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Changes in post-transplant donor chimerism have been identified as a predictor of relapse. A better predictive model of relapse incorporating donor chimerism has the potential to improve leukemia-free survival by allowing earlier initiation of post-transplant treatment on individual patients. We explored the use of machine learning, a suite of analytical methods focusing on pattern recognition, to improve post-transplant relapse prediction. Methods. Using a cohort of 63 pediatric patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and 46 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who underwent stem cell transplant at a single institution, we built predictive models of leukemic relapse with both pre-transplant and post-transplant patient variables (specifically lineage-specific chimerism) using the random forest classifier. Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations, an interpretable machine learning tool was used to confirm our random forest classification result. Results. Our analysis showed that a random forest model using these hyperparameter values achieved 85% accuracy, 85% sensitivity, 89% specificity for ALL, while for AML 81% accuracy, 75% sensitivity, and 100% specificity at predicting relapses within 24 months post-HSCT in cross validation. The Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations tool was able to confirm many variables that the random forest classifier identified as important for the relapse prediction. Conclusions. Machine learning methods can reveal the interaction of different risk factors of post-transplant leukemic relapse and robust predictions can be obtained even with a modest clinical dataset. The random forest classifier distinguished different important predictive factors between ALL and AML in our relapse models, consistent with previous knowledge, lending increased confidence to adopting machine learning prediction to clinical management.
Challenges of Hip Arthroplasty in a Paretic, Spastic Limb: A Case Study on Managing Femoral Neck Fracture Following Fixation Failure in a Hemiparetic Patient
Authors: Dąbkowska Izabela , Sobiech Lena , Merkisz Michał , Turżańska Karolina , Blicharski Tomasz , Jankiewicz Katarzyna
Published: July 2024

Background: Hip fractures and strokes are prevalent and escalating issues in geriatric healthcare. The absence of standardized surgical protocols for patients with spastic hemiparesis and multiple comorbidities presents a significant medical challenge. Methods: This case study describes a 64-year-old male patient with left-sided hemiparesis and failed surgical treatment of a pertrochanteric fracture in a spastic limb. The patient was admitted to the Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopedics in December 2022 for diagnostics and to establish a treatment plan after five months of non-ambulatory status. Results: This study emphasizes the crucial role of preoperative preparation, involving botulinum toxin injections into spastic muscles and physiotherapy, to enhance the supportive function of the paretic limb and improve locomotion before prosthetic surgery. Conclusions: The management of hip fractures in patients with spastic paralysis requires a multidisciplinary approach and the development of standardized treatment protocols. This case underscores the importance of comprehensive pre- and postoperative rehabilitation to improve patient outcomes. Further research is needed to establish standardized rehabilitation protocols for spastic patients undergoing hip arthroplasty. Randomized controlled trials could provide valuable insights into the efficacy of various interventions.
Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality Is Affected by Serum Magnesium and Diet Pattern in a Cohort of Dialysis Patients
Authors: Petrakis Ioannis , Bacharaki Dimitra , Kyriazis Periklis , Balafa Olga , Dounousi Evangelia , Tsirpanlis George , Theodoridis Marios , Tsotsorou Ourania , Markaki Anastasia , Georgoulidou Anastasia , Triantafyllis George , Giannikouris Ioannis , Kokkalis Apostolos , Stavroulopoulos Aristeides , Stylianou Kostas
Published: July 2024

Background: Hypomagnesaemia is associated with an increased overall mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis (CKD-5D). Mediterranean-style diet (MD), having a high magnesium content, can serve as a form of dietary magnesium supplementation. We examined whether there is a potential link between increased Mediterranean Diet score (MDS) and elevated serum magnesium (sMg) to assess its impact on reducing mortality risk in CKD-5D patients. Methods: In this multi-center prospective observational study, 117 CKD-5D patients (66 on hemodialysis and 51 on peritoneal dialysis) with a mean age of 62 ± 15 years were studied for a median follow-up period of 68 months. After baseline assessment, including measurement of sMg and MDS, all patients were followed up for cardiovascular (CV) and all-cause mortality. Results: Forty deaths occurred, 58% of which were cardiovascular. Patients who were above the median value of sMg (2.2 mg/dL) had a 66% reduction in CV (crude HR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.11–0.70), and 49% reduction in all-cause (crude HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.27–0.96) mortality, even after adjustment for age, malnutrition inflammation score, left ventricular mass index, peripheral vascular disease and diabetes. Similar results were obtained when sMg was analyzed as a continuous variable. sMg was associated directly with MDS (r = 0.230; p = 0.012). Conclusions: Higher sMg levels are strongly and independently associated with reduced CV and all-cause mortality in CKD-5D patients. A strong correlation exists between MDS and sMg. Elevated sMg levels, achieved through MD adherence, can significantly reduce CV mortality, implicating MD as a mediator of the association between sMg and CV mortality.
Gender-Specific Medicine in the European Society of Cardiology Guidelines from 2018 to 2023: Where Are We Going?
Authors: Piani Federica , Baffoni Laura , Strocchi Enrico , Borghi Claudio
Published: July 2024

Background/Objectives: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) shapes most clinical guidelines. Although the advent of EBM marked a significant advancement, failure to include sex differences in the study design and analysis of most trials leads to an under-representation of gender-specific medicine (GM) in EBM-directed guidelines. In this review, we evaluated how the topic of GM was developed in the guidelines produced by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) from 2018 to 2023. Methods: Two independent reviewers evaluated 24 ESC guidelines. Significant mentions of GM were counted and divided between epidemiology, diagnosis, and therapeutics. The qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of information relating to GM was performed. Data on the number of citations of papers with a title concerning GM and the prevalence and role of women in guidelines’ authorship were also analyzed. Results: Less than 50% of guidelines had a section dedicated to GM. Only nine guidelines were led by a woman, and 144/567 authors were female. In the most recent guidelines and in those with at least 30% of female authors, there was an increased mention of GM. On average, guidelines had four significant mentions of GM regarding epidemiology, two regarding diagnosis, and one regarding therapy. Articles with titles concerning GM made up, on average, 1.5% of the total number of citations. Conclusions: Although sex differences play a significant role in most clinical scenarios, ESC guidelines still do not sufficiently account for this. The problem does not seem to solely lie in the guidelines, but in the lack of attention to GM in research needed for their preparation.
Factors in the Effective Use of Hearing Aids among Subjects with Age-Related Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review
Authors: Morvan Perrine , Buisson-Savin Johanna , Boiteux Catherine , Bailly-Masson Eric , Buhl Mareike , Thai-Van Hung
Published: July 2024

Objectives: Investigate factors contributing to the effective management of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) rehabilitation. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022374811). Articles were identified through systematic searches in the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases in May 2024. Only articles published between January 2005 and May 2024 were included. Studies were assessed for eligibility by two independent researchers and evaluated using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool v1.4 (CCAT). Results: Of the 278 articles identified, 54 were included. Three factors explain effective HA use. First, hearing aid signal processing, with directional microphones and noise reduction, improves user comfort and understanding regarding noise. Second, there is hearing aid fitting, with the NAL prescription rules as the gold standard, and bilateral, high-level HA performance for spatial localization and noise comprehension. Third, there is a patient-centered approach, using patient-related outcome measures (PROMs), questionnaires, counseling, and regular follow-up to involve patients in their therapeutic rehabilitation. Conclusions: Reaching a consensus on acoustic parameters is challenging due to variability in audiological results. Involving patients in their rehabilitation, addressing their needs and expectations, and offering individualized care are crucial.
Lack of Serological Response by Delivery to Syphilis Treatment Does Not Impact Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Kaminiów Konrad , Kotlarz Agnieszka , Kiołbasa Martyna , Pastuszczak Maciej
Published: July 2024

Objectives: Maternal syphilis can lead to serious adverse pregnancy outcomes, including neonatal death. A 4-fold decline in blood non-treponemal titer at six months after the treatment of syphilis compared to the baseline is considered as an adequate serological response. However, the duration of normal human gestation does not allow the ascertainment of an adequate serological response. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess correlations between the lack of a 4-fold decrease in non-treponemal titer by delivery after syphilis treatment and fetal and newborns’ condition and serological outcomes. Methods: Fourteen pregnant patients (gestational age 16–22 weeks) diagnosed with early syphilis (secondary or latent) were treated with intramuscular benzathine penicillin and subsequently monitored clinically, serologically, and ultrasonographically at monthly intervals. Based on the non-treponemal test results at delivery, patients were stratified into two groups: those with a 4-fold decline in titers and those without such a decline. All newborns were clinically and serologically assessed for congenital syphilis at birth and then monitored until serological tests became negative. Results: Fifty percent of the included women did not achieve a 4-fold decline in non-treponemal titer by delivery. Patients from the group showing a 4-fold decline in RPR titer at delivery and those without such a decline did not differ in basic demographic and clinical characteristics or in ultrasound parameters used for fetal assessment. Based on the clinical and laboratory assessments of newborns on the day of delivery and during a 6-month follow-up, none were diagnosed with congenital syphilis or required treatment for syphilis. Conclusions: The lack of an adequate serological response to syphilis therapy by delivery among patients treated between 16 and 22 weeks of pregnancy does not appear to be associated with adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes.
Tailored Basic Life Support Training for Specific Layperson Populations—A Scoping Review
Authors: Schnaubelt Sebastian , Veigl Christoph , Snijders Erwin , Abelairas Gómez Cristian , Neymayer Marco , Anderson Natalie , Nabecker Sabine , Greif Robert
Published: July 2024

Background: Basic life support (BLS) is a life-saving link in the out-of-hospital cardiac arrest chain of survival. Most members of the public are capable of providing BLS but are more likely to do so confidently and effectively if they undertake BLS training. Lay members of the public comprise diverse and specific populations and may benefit from tailored BLS training. Data on this topic are scarce, and it is completely unknown if there are any benefits arising from tailored courses or for whom course adaptations should be developed. Methods: The primary objective of this scoping review was to identify and describe differences in patient, clinical, and educational outcomes when comparing tailored versus standard BLS courses for specific layperson populations. This review was undertaken as part of the continuous evidence evaluation process of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Results: A primary search identified 1307 studies and after title, abstract, and full-text screening, we included eight publications reporting on tailored courses for specific populations. There were no studies reporting direct comparisons between tailored and standardized training. Seven (88%) studies investigated courses tailored for individuals with a disability, and only one study covered another specific population group (refugees). Overall, the quality of evidence was low as the studies did not compare tailored vs. non-tailored approaches or consisted of observational or pre–post-designed investigations. Conclusions: Tailored BLS education for specific populations is likely feasible and can include such groups into the pool of potential bystander resuscitation providers. Research into comparing tailored vs. standard courses, their cost-to-benefit ratio, how to best adapt courses, and how to involve members of the respective communities should be conducted. Additionally, tailored courses for first responders with and without a duty to respond could be explored.
Pediatric Diaphyseal Forearm Fracture Management with Biodegradable Poly-L-Lactide-Co-Glycolide (PLGA) Intramedullary Implants: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Lőrincz Aba , Lengyel Ágnes Mária , Kedves András , Nudelman Hermann , Józsa Gergő
Published: July 2024

Background: Pediatric forearm fractures represent a substantial proportion of childhood injuries, requiring effective and minimally invasive treatments. Our study investigated the mid-term outcomes of biodegradable poly-L-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) intramedullary implants in managing diaphyseal forearm fractures in children. Methods: A follow-up cohort study was conducted with 38 patients treated with PLGA implants. Control examinations were performed one year post-operation, assessing bone healing through radiographic evaluations and functional outcomes using injured and uninjured limb range of motion (ROM) comparisons. Scarring was evaluated employing the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), and satisfaction via a questionnaire. Results: Children were predominantly female (76.4%), with a mean age of 9.71 (SD: 2.69) years. Effective fracture stabilization and bone healing were found in all patients, with a minor reduction (mean difference of −1.5°, p = 0.282) in elbow flexion on the operated side (139.3°) compared to the intact (140.8°). Elbow extension presented negligible average changes (0.2°, p = 0.098). Forearm movements were slightly reduced on the operated side (mean pronation: 80.8° vs. 83.7°, p = 0.166; average supination: 83.5° vs. 85.7°, p = 0.141). Wrist palmar flexion and dorsiflexion showed no significant differences. VSS ratings indicated minimal scarring (mean guardian and doctor scores were 1.13 and 0.55, respectively, p = 0.020), and all patients reported satisfaction with the treatment outcomes. Conclusions: Biodegradable implants are effective for pediatric forearm fractures, providing stable bone healing while preserving functional ROM with minimal scarring and high patient satisfaction. PLGA proved to be a viable alternative to traditional metal implants, eliminating secondary removal surgeries.