bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tisagenlecleucel CAR T-cell therapy in secondary CNS lymphoma
Authors: Frigault Matthew J. , Dietrich Jorg , Martinez-Lage Maria , Leick Mark , Choi Bryan D. , DeFilipp Zachariah , Chen Yi-Bin , Abramson Jeremy , Crombie Jennifer , Armand Philippe , Nayak Lakshmi , Panzini Chris , Riley Lauren S. , Gallagher Kathleen , Maus Marcela V.
Published: July 2019

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting CD19 have emerged as a leading engineered T-cell therapy for relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The phase 1/2 clinical trials that led to US Food and Drug Administration approval excluded patients with central nervous system (CNS) involvement, due to strict eligibility criteria. Here, we report on our institutional experience with 8 secondary CNS lymphoma patients treated with commercial tisagenlecleucel. No patient experienced greater than grade 1 neurotoxicity, and no patient required tocilizumab or steroids for CAR T-cell–mediated toxicities. Biomarker analysis suggested CAR T-cell expansion, despite the absence of systemic disease, and early response assessments demonstrated activity of IV infused CAR T cells within the CNS space.
Joint refraction traveltime tomography and migration for multilayer near-surface imaging
Authors: Wang Yihao , Zhang Jie
Published: July 2019

In near-surface velocity structure estimation, first-arrival traveltime tomography tends to produce a smooth velocity model. If the shallow structures include a weathering layer over high-velocity bedrock, first-arrival traveltime tomography may fail to recover the sharp interface. However, with the same traveltime data, refraction traveltime migration proves to be an effective tool for accurately mapping the refractor. The approach downward continues the refraction traveltime curves and produces an image (position) of the refractor for a given overburden velocity model. We first assess the validity of the refraction traveltime migration method and analyze its uncertainties with a simple model. We then develop a multilayer refraction traveltime migration method and apply the migration image to constrain traveltime tomographic inversion by imposing discontinuities at the refraction interfaces in model regularization. In each subsequent iteration, the shape of the migrated refractors and the velocity model are simultaneously updated. The synthetic tests indicate that the joint inversion method performs better than the conventional first-arrival traveltime tomography method with Tikhonov regularization and the delay-time method in reconstructing near-surface models with high-velocity contrasts. In application to field data, this method produces a more accurately resolved velocity model, which improves the quality of common midpoint stacking by making long-wavelength static corrections.
Elastic tissue forces mask muscle fiber forces underlying muscle spindle Ia afferent firing rates in stretch of relaxed rat muscle
Authors: Blum Kyle P. , Nardelli Paul , Cope Timothy C. , Ting Lena H.
Published: July 2019

Stretches of relaxed cat and rat muscle elicit similar history-dependent muscle spindle Ia firing rates that resemble history-dependent forces seen in single activated muscle fibers (Nichols and Cope, 2004). Due to thixotropy, whole musculotendon forces and muscle spindle firing rates are history-dependent during stretch of relaxed cat muscle, where both muscle force and muscle spindle firing rates are elevated in the first stretch in a series of stretch-shorten cycles (Blum et al., 2017). By contrast, rat musculotendon exhibits only mild thixotropy such that the measured forces when stretched cannot explain history-dependent muscle spindle firing rates in the same way (Haftel et al., 2004). We hypothesized that history-dependent muscle spindle firing rates elicited in stretch of relaxed rat muscle mirror history-dependent muscle fiber forces, which are masked at the level of whole musculotendon force by extracellular tissue force. We removed estimated extracellular tissue force contributions from recorded musculotendon force using an exponentially-elastic tissue model. We then show that the remaining estimated muscle fiber force resembles history-dependent muscle spindle firing rates recorded simultaneously. These forces also resemble history-dependent forces recorded in stretch of single activated fibers that are attributed to muscle cross-bridge mechanisms (Campbell and Moss, 2000). Our results suggest that history-dependent muscle spindle firing in both rats and cats arise from history-dependent forces due to thixotropy in muscle fibers.
Evaluation of temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscle, and brain cortex activity in patients treated by removable functional appliances: a prospective fMRI study
Authors: Ozdiler Orhan , Orhan Kaan , Cesur Emre , Köklü Ayşegül , Algın Oktay
Published: July 2019

Objectives:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of functional orthodontic appliances on the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and brain to determine whether using functional appliances full-time or only at night yields different results.

Methods:

16 patients with Class II malocclusion were included in this study. Eight patients were instructed to wear their appliances (monoblock/twinblock) full-time and the other eight patients were instructed to wear them at night while sleeping. An additional 10 patients with Class II malocclusion were later included as a pre-treatment control group. Signal intensity ratios (SIR) of TMJ structures and morphological evaluations of the masticatory muscles were done for all patients. Functional MRI (fMRI) data were also obtained from the patients while performing chewing and biting movements.

Results:

ANB angle was reduced significantly in both the full-time and night wear groups, by values of 1.17° and 1.35°, respectively (p < 0.05). MRI showed that SIRs were significantly increased in both groups in the masticatory muscles, retrodiscal pad, condylar process, and articular disc (p < 0.05). Both resting and task-based fMRI evaluation revealed significant increases in blood oxygen level dependent signals in several regions of the brain in both groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The cephalometric and MRI findings of this study indicate that the treatment effects were similar for both wear schedules. Functional appliances should be regarded not as simple devices that treat Class II malocclusion through skeletal and dental correction alone, but as exercise devices that lead to neuromuscular changes by facilitating muscle adaptation and activating various brain regions.
Things We Do for No Reason™: Systemic Corticosteroids for Wheezing in Preschool‐Aged Children
Authors: Jones Yemisi O , Hubbell Brittany B , Thomson Joanna , MD Jennifer K O'Toole
Published: July 2019

Inspired by the ABIM Foundation's Choosing Wisely® campaign, the “Things We Do for No Reason™” series reviews practices which have become common parts of hospital care but which may provide little value to our patients. Practices reviewed in the TWDFNR series do not represent “black and white” conclusions or clinical practice standards, but are meant as a starting place for research and active discussions among hospitalists and patients. We invite you to be part of that discussion.
Leveraging User-Generated Content for Product Promotion: The Effects of Firm-Highlighted Reviews
Authors: Yi Cheng , Jiang Zhenhui (Jack) , Li Xiuping , Lu Xianghua
Published: July 2019

This research investigates how firms can actively manage consumer-generated reviews in the form of highlighting authentic reviews on review platforms. While highlighting a positive review is expected to lead to positive product evaluation, this practice may elicit consumers’ skepticism when consumers are aware of the promotional intent of the firm. Our findings show that consumers often pay attention to a firm-highlighted review and anchor on it to process other reviews of the business; however, such an anchoring effect may not be favorable when consumers are skeptical about the highlighted review. When a business has highly varied ratings in an overall positive review context, or when a business has not established a strong reputation, it is useful for the business to alleviate consumers’ skepticism by highlighting a positive yet conservative review (i.e., a review with a 4-star rating out of 5). However, when all the reviews converge toward a positive or moderately positive assessment, or when the business has already established a good reputation, highlighting an extremely positive review may be an even more effective marketing strategy.
Entrepreneurial Uncertainty and Expert Evaluation: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Scott Erin L. , Shu Pian , Lubynsky Roman M.
Published: July 2019

This paper empirically examines the evaluations of 537 ventures in high-growth industries performed by 251 experienced entrepreneurs, investors, and executives. These experts evaluated ventures by reading succinct summaries of the ventures without meeting the founding teams, and their evaluations were not disclosed to the entrepreneurs. We find that experts can differentiate among early-stage ventures on grounds of quality beyond the explicit venture and entrepreneur characteristics contained in the written summaries. They can only do so effectively, however, for ventures in the hardware, energy, life sciences, and medical devices sectors; they cannot do so for ventures in the consumer products, consumer web and mobile, and enterprise software sectors. Our results highlight sector-specific heterogeneity in the information needed to effectively screen ventures, a finding that has implications for the design of optimal investment strategies.

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
A Data-Driven Approach to Personalized Bundle Pricing and Recommendation
Authors: Ettl Markus , Harsha Pavithra , Papush Anna , Perakis Georgia
Published: July 2019

Problem definition: The growing trend in online shopping has sparked the development of increasingly more sophisticated product recommendation systems. We construct a model that recommends a personalized discounted product bundle to an online shopper that considers the trade-off between profit maximization and inventory management, while selecting products that are relevant to the consumer’s preferences. Academic/practical relevance: We provide analytical performance guarantees that illustrate the complexity of the underlying problem, which combines assortment optimization with pricing. We implement our algorithms in two separate case studies on actual data from a large U.S. e-tailer and a premier global airline. Methodology: We focus on simultaneously balancing personalization through individualized functions of consumer propensity-to-buy, inventory management for long-run profitability, and tractability for practical business implementation. We develop two classes of approximation algorithms, multiplicative and additive, to produce a real-time output for use in an online setting. Results: Our computational results demonstrate significant lifts in expected revenues over current industry pricing strategies on the order of 2%–7% depending on the setting. We find that on average our best algorithm obtains 92% of the expected revenue of a full-knowledge clairvoyant strategy across all inventory settings, and in the best cases this improves to 98%. Managerial implications: We compare the algorithms and find that the multiplicative approach is relatively easier to implement and on average empirically obtains expected revenues within 1%–6% of the additive methods when both are compared with a full-knowledge strategy. Furthermore, we find that the greatest expected gains in revenue come from high-end consumers with lower price sensitivities, and that predicted improvements in sales volume depend on product category and are a result of providing relevant recommendations.
Outside Insiders: Understanding the Role of Contracting in the Careers of Managerial Workers
Authors: Anderson Tracy , Bidwell Matthew
Published: July 2019

We explore the role that contracting plays within the careers of managerial workers. Contracting distances workers from organizational coordination and politics, aspects of organizational life that are often central to the managerial role. Nonetheless, managerial workers make up a substantial proportion of the contracting workforce. Qualitative interviews with managerial contractors indicate that the tension between the natures of contracting and managerial work means that managerial contractors carry out substantially more bounded work than regular employees, and that this boundedness can shape the role that contracting plays in their careers. Examining the employment histories of MBA alumni of a U.S. business school, we show that workers with fewer subordinates and greater personal demands are more likely to enter contracting. We also find that contractors report better work–life balance but receive lower pay both while contracting and in subsequent regular employment. Whereas prior research has highlighted the financial benefits and temporal demands of contracting for highly skilled workers, our findings introduce important boundary conditions to our understanding of high-skill contracting: the nature of the occupation is critical.
Age-Dependence of Some Trace Element Concentrations and their Ratios in Human Prostatic Fluid
Authors: Zaichick Vladimir , Zaichick Sofia
Published: July 2019

The effect of age on Br, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn concentrations as well as on Zn/Br, Zn/Fe, Zn/Rb, and Zn/Sr content ratios in human prostatic fluid was investigated by 109Cd radionuclide-induced energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent microanalysis. Specimens of expressed prostatic fluid were obtained from 51 men (mean age 51 years, range 18-82 years) with apparently normal prostates using standard rectal massage procedure. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) for concentration of trace elements (mg·L-1) in human prostate fluid were: Br 3.62±0.58, Fe 9.04±1.21, Rb 1.10±0.08, Sr 1.19±0.14, and Zn 573±28. Mean values for ratios of trace elements in human prostate fluid were: Zn/Br 523±103, Zn/Fe 105±16, Zn/Rb 661±63, and Zn/Sr 719±95. An age-related increase in Zn content and decrease in Br and Fe concentration was found. Moreover, the strongly pronounced increase in Zn/Br and Zn/Fe ratios was also observed.
Success for Big Infectious Disease Reimbursement Policy in China
Authors: Nie Kun-xi , Wang Chan
Published: July 2019

Big infectious diseases do harm to the whole society and it is highly crucial to control them on time. China has successful experience of launching reimbursement policy to control big infectious diseases, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes (SARS), efficiently. By evolution model, this article illustrates the efficiency of big infectious disease reimbursement policy in China. On one hand, the number of infected persons decreases under big infectious disease reimbursement policy in China. On the other hand, the total expenditures to cure also under control. In summary, big infectious disease reimbursement policy in China can support as an efficient example to cope with big infectious diseases.
STRATEGI HUMOR PADA ACARA STAND UP COMEDY
Authors: Utami Indah Ita
Published: July 2019

Stand Up Comedy is a type of single joke because comedians perform monologue on a stage alone and rely on their gestures. This research is to answer these problems: what are the pragmatic strategy, linguistic strategy, humor function, and the community's response to humor strategies of children comedians in the Stand Up Comedy program? This study uses descriptive qualitative method. This study uses three stages, namely the stage of the data collection, the data analysis stage, and the stage of presenting the results of data analysis. The methods used in the data collection stage are observation and interview. The data analysis phase uses the pragmatic equivalent method. The stage of presenting the results of data analysis uses informal methods. The pragmatic of the strategies that are dominantly used are presuppositions, violation of maxim, and implicature. The dominant strategies of linguistic that are found are nonsense, ridicule, irony, and misunderstanding. The dominant function of humor that is found tends to give an understanding to the community to find solutions to a problem through ways that are conveyed pleasantly. However, the community judges that some of the words uttered tend to give a bad example because they seem impolite and patronizing.
Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Motivasi Guru dalam Menerapkan Kurikulum 2013 di TK ABA Karangkajen Yogyakarta
Authors: Maulida Maulida , Mu'arifah Alif
Published: July 2019

This research is a type of qualitative case study. The subjects in this study were teachers, teacher colleagues, and ABA Karangkajen Kindergarten principals in Yogyakarta. The technique of collecting data uses observation, interviews and documentation. While the instruments used are guidelines for observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques are data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing / verification. Motivation of teachers in implementing the 2013 curriculum at the ABA Karangkajen Kindergarten in Yogyakarta is influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The intrinsic factor is like the factor you want to have, self-actualization, love/ affection and religiosity. Extrinsic factors include support from colleagues, parents, principals, and the government in implementing the 2013 curriculum.
Pembelajaran PAKEM Berbasis Media Audio Visual Gerak dalam Melatih Konsentrasi Belajar Anak di TPA Sahabat Hati Pontianak
Authors: Ulfa Maria
Published: July 2019

Early age is an important age to influence subsequent developments. Early childhood is a period of play as a way of learning children. One model of learning in early childhood is PAKEM learning (Active, Creative, Effective and Enjoyable Learning). The purpose of this study is to present PAKEM learning based on audio-visual motion media in training children's learning concentration. The method used is qualitative descriptive with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation and documentation. In analyzing the data, it used the Miles and Huberman model. The validity test of the data used source and technique triangulation. The results showed that PAKEM learning based on audio visual motion in the TPA Sahabat Hati was carried out through several stages, namely, planning, implementation and evaluation. The implementation is an initial activity, core and closing. Audio visual motion is displayed via television which is arranged according to the learning schedule. Children then are active to see, hear and follow their movements directly. Thus, PAKEM learning based on audio-visual motion media at the TPA Sahabat Hati is effective in training children's learning concentration.
تنفيذ الإعراب و البناء في تعليم علم النحو عند الدكتور إبراهيم مصطفى
Authors: Anwar Khoirul
Published: July 2019

The grammarians say in the definition of grammar is a science known by the conditions of late speech and construction. In spite of this phrase, they limited the study of grammar to the last letter of the word and singled out the expression and construction. Then they do not mean much building and do not prolong the search in its provisions, but they make it important to explain the causes and causes. It is possible that this periodical offers new suggestions for knowledge of the materials of expression and construction in the teaching of grammar and the knowledge of the renewal of the grammar of Dr. Ibrahim Mustafa. The result is that Ibrahim Mustapha wants to teach grammar not for knowledge of changing the movements of the late words only, but because the students know the meanings of the words in the sentence by the knowledge of their last movements, so he shortens the doors of many grammar to three large sections, The addition and the opening is not a sign of expression and is not much discussed in construction because it is clear and does not change in different situations such as expression.
Upaya Peningkatan Penguasaan Kosa Kata Arab dengan Metode Bernyanyi Kelas VII B MTsN 6 Sleman Yogyakarta
Authors: Aslah Zumrotul
Published: July 2019

Vocabulary mastery in a language greatly influences a person's ability to use the language both receptively and productively. Likewise in Arabic, this paper aims to find out the mastery of Arabic vocabulary in class VII B students with the singing method. This type of research is a field research using PTK (Classroom Action Research) design, with a cycle model. Data collection techniques include a pretest, posttest, and observation of students' attitudes toward the learning process. While the data analysis used is qualitative and quantitative descriptive. The results of data analysis show that the learning process with singing methods can improve students' Arabic vocabulary. This is evidenced in the results of observations and the learning process with the singing method, both in pre-cycle, cycle I and cycle II, which is very enjoyable for students. Student activity in classroom learning is memorizing Arabic vocabulary (mufradat) on average 28.2 words (49.47%) on pre-cycle, increasing to 36 words (63.16%) in cycle I and increased significantly to 48, 8 words (85.61%) in cycle II.
Pendekatan Andragogi dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab
Authors: Setyawan Cahya Edi
Published: July 2019

The term Andragogy does not seem so familiar to educators and teachers. Educators and teachers are more familiar with the term Pedagogy, because the term is used in education. If it refers to the meaning of the term Pedagogy is the education of children, while Andragogy is an adult education. Andragogy began to be known today by educational activists, this is because the emergence of the problem of education at this time is the number of adults who started learning material that the material should have been learned in childhood. The problem is how to adapt the educational methods used to adult-like adults. In learning Arabic there is a problem when adults begin to study the material that should be the same as madrasah tsanawiyah or aliyah. Teachers should treat like adults in the learning process, therefore adults as students should be treated appropriately. Teachers are no longer the main actors or as learning centers but teachers are only facilitators and students become learning centers. The learning process focuses on providing assistance to the participants to understand what is the focus of attention and problems. Arabic learning using Andragogi approach focuses on aspects of student self-concept in learning objectives, previous learning experiences about Arabic, readiness to learn new Arabic material with new environmental conditions, and orientation or ideals towards learning Arabic. Arabic learning model using Andragogi approach include the method of humanistic, constructiveness, and problem solving.
تعليم مخارج الحروف العربية وأثاره فى مهارة القراءة
Authors: Fitria Aida
Published: July 2019

أما المشكلة في هذا البحث فهي كيف كان تعليم مخارج الحروف العربية وأثاره في مهارة القراءة فى المدرسة الثانوية الحكومية بادنج غانتينج. إن أغراض البحث من هذه الرسالة فهي معرفة نتيجة تعليم اللغة العربية في المدرسة الثانوية الحكومية بادنج غانتينج فى الفصل الضبطى، و معرفة نتيجة فى الفصل التجريبي على مهارة القراءة بدون تعليم مخارج الحروف العربية وبتعليمها فى هذه المدرسة، ولمعرفة تأثير تعليم أصوات العربية الصعبة فى مهارة القراءة  فى هذه المدرسة أقامت الباحثة إجراءات تعليم الأصوات العربية. أما المنهج في البحث عن هذه الرسالة فهو البحث الميداني الكمي في النوع التجريبي، والطريقة المستعملة هي طريقة إحصائية. النتيجة التي حصلتها الباحثة فهي أما النتيجة التى حصلتها الكاتبة في الفصل التجريبي أن تعليم مخارج الحروف العربية له أثار فى مهارة القراءة. ونتيجته بالرمز t يعني 8,358، و في الفصل الضبطى ليست هناك تأثير تعليم مخارج الحروف العربية فى مهارة القراءة فى المدرسة الثانوية الحكومية بادنج غانتينج . والنتيجة التى حصلتها الكاتبة  في الفصل الضبطى  والفصل التجريبي با لرمز t  يعني 2,42 ، فى الدرجة 5% فرض العدمية  مردودة والفرض المباشر مقبولة، المراد بها  أن هناك وجدت الكاتبة تأثير تعليم مخارج الحروف العربية في مهارة القراءة في هذه المدرسة، والعكس فى الدرجة 1% فرض العدمية  مردودة والفرض المباشر مقبولة، المراد بها  أن هناك ما وجدت الكاتبة تأثير إجابية تعليم مخارج الحروف العربية في مهارة القراءة في هذه المدرسة. وتعليم مخارج الحروف العربية لها أثار فى مهارة القراءة ، فلا يمكن أن تكون القراءة الصحيحة بدون مراعات الحروف من ناحية صفاتها ومخارجها.
Analisis Kesalahan Sintaksis Pada Buku Teks Duru>Su Al-Lughah Al-Ara>Biyah ‘Ala> Thoriqotial-Muba>Syarah Al-Muta>Kamilah Karya Muhammad In’am, M.A
Authors: Hidayah Ihdatul , Asyrofi Syamsuddin
Published: July 2019

This study aims to find out about language errors that occur in an Arabic textbooks entitled Duru>s al-Lughah al-‘Ara>biyah ‘ala Thariqati al-Muba>syarah al-Mutaka>milah of Muhammad In'am, M.A. Not only the errors that were discussed but there was an attempt or Tashwib or correction in order to evaluate the results of the analysis that has been done. Library research was used with a qualitative descriptive method to analyze the subject of the study which is Duru>s al-Lughah al-‘Ara>biyah ‘ala Thariqati al-Muba>syarah al-Mutaka>milah both volumes I and II. In this study, the following conclusions can be drawn: there are errors in language syntactic aspects in the textbooks. There are several categories of errors (refer to the classification of Toto Suharto et al): nakirah Ma'rifah, Dhamir, huruf Jar, Murakkab Idhafi, Isim Isyarah, Jumlah Ismiyah, and Jumlah Fi'liyah. Several reasons were found for the occurrence of these errors, namely lack of accuracy in writing textbooks, lack of workforce that helped the author to edit the material to be presented in textbooks and limited human resources which led to inefficient writing of textbooks.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang beberapa kesalahan-kesalahan berbahasa yang terjadi dalam penulisan buku teks bahasa Arab Duru>s al-Lughah al-‘Ara>biyah ‘ala Thariqati al-Muba>syarah al-Mutaka>milah karya Muhammad In’am. MA, bukan hanya kesalahan-kesalahan yang dibahas tapi ada upaya Tashwib atau pembenaran guna sebagai evaluasi dari hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan. Ketegori yang digunakan penelitian library research dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Dengan objek buku teks bahasa Arab Arab Duru>s al-Lughah al-‘Ara>biyah ‘ala Thariqati al-Muba>syarah al-Mutaka>milah karya Muhammad In’am. MA baik jilid I dan II. Dalam penelitian ini dapat diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut, bahwa: adanya kesalahan-kesalahan berbahasa aspek sintaksis dalam buku teks Duru>s al-Lughah al-‘Ara>biyah ‘ala Thariqati al-Muba>syarah al-Mutaka>milah karya Muhammad In’am. MA baik jilid I dan II. Ditemukan beberapa kategori kesalahan (merujuk pada klasifikasi Toto Suharto dkk): Nakirah Ma’rifah, Dhamir, huruf Jar, Murakkab Idhafi, Isim Isyarah, Jumlah Ismiyah, dan Jumlah Fi’liyah.  di temukan beberapa alasan terjadinya kesalahan-kesalahan tersebut yakni kurangnya ketelitian dalam menulis buku teks, kurangnya tenaga kerja yang membantu penulis dalam mengedit materi-materi yang akan di sajikan dalam buku teks, keterbatasan sumber daya  manusia yang menyebabkan kurang efisien dalam menulis buku teks.

Kata kunci: Buku Teks, Analisis kesalahan, Sintaksis, Duru>s al-Lughah al-‘Ara>biyah ‘ala Thariqati al-Muba>syarah al-Mutaka>milah.
Akar Historis Lahirnya Ilmu Nahwu
Authors: Hairuddin
Published: July 2019

This journal discusses Nahwu's Usul which covers Qiyas, Illat, and Ta'wil using the Library Study method with a Descriptive Historical Qualitative approach. As for the main sources in writing this Journal are the books that contain the discussion of Qiyas, Illat, and Tawil and their relation to Greek Philosophy. The author concludes that Nahwu Science was born due to errors in reading the Koran because of the occurrence of birth among speakers of Arabic, not because of the influence of Greek Philosophy, but it cannot be denied that certain themes are influenced by other Sciences, such as methods the formation of Arabic rules inspired by the Science of Jurisprudence, and Ta'lil inspired by the way of thinking of the Greek Philosophers, but in general the application of the Nahwu Science had existed before the interaction between Muslim Scientists and Philosophers.

Abstrak

Jurnal ini membahas Ushul Nahwu yang mencakup Qiyas, Illat, dan Ta’wil dengan menggunakan metode Kajian Pustaka dengan pendekatan Kualitatif Historis Deskriftif. Adapun yang menjadi sumber utama dalam penulisan Jurnal ini adalah kitab-kitab  yang memuat pembahasan Qiyas, Illat, dan Ta’wil dan keterkaitannya dengan pemikiran Filsafat Yunani. Penulis berkesimpulan bahwa Ilmu Nahwu lahir akibat adanya kesalahan dalam membaca al-Qur’an karena terjadinya lahn dikalangan penutur bahasa Arab,  bukan karena pengaruh Filsafat Yunani, hanya saja tidak bisa dipungkiri bahwa ada tema-tema tertentu dipengaruhi oleh Ilmu-ilmu lain, seperti metode pembentukan kaidah-kaidah bahasa Arab terinspirasi dari Ilmu Fikih, dan Ta’lil terinspirasi dari cara berpikirnya para Filosof Yunani, tetapi secara umum penerapan Ilmu Nahwu sudah ada sebelum adanya interaksi antara Ilmuwan Muslim dan para Filosof.

Kata Kunci: Nahwu, Filsafat, Qiyas
UU Pesantren: Local Genius dan Intervensi Negara terhadap Pesantren
Authors: Setyawan Maulana Arif
Published: July 2019

Abstract

There is no doubt that pesantrens have a real contribution to the development of education. Historically, they  have extensive experiences in fostering and developing the community. In fact, pesantrens are able to increase their role independently by exploring the potential of the communities around them. Improving the role of pesantren is a strategic step in building national development goals, especially in the education sector. For this reason, to develop their potential, the government drafted pesantren and religious law. On the contrary, the draft of law raises anxiety among pesantrens because it is perceived to disturb their management.  In addition, it may become the tool for government intervention in Islamic boarding school system, which in turn may loose their distinctive characteristics as a local genius education institution in Indonesia. This research is an analytical study with a qualitative approach. The study found that the Islamic Boarding School and Religious Education Law aims to form individuals who understand and practice the values ​​of their religion or become religious scholars who are faithful, pious, noble, knowledgeable, independent, ta'awun, tawazun and tawasut. The Islamic boarding school law has the advantage of being able to serve a clearer direction for the boarding school. However, its’ shortcomings are it open wider possibility of government interventions that may interfere household matters of the pesantrens too deeply, even though the pesantren is indeed an independent institution.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Keadilan, dan Kepercayaan pada Keterlibatan Kinerja Dosen
Authors: Patras Yuyun Elizabeth , Hidayat Rais
Published: July 2019

Work immersion, for lecturers, is a crucial element to the development of a university. Efforts to foster their contributions have to be continuously improved. This research aims to investigate the best way to advance lecturer’s work participation by examining causal relationship between lecturer’s work involvement with leadership variables, organizational justice and organizational trust. This research employs quantitative approach using path analysis, and was conducted in three private universities in Bogor. Total population of this research is 707 lecturers, whereas the sample taken was 130 people. The research found that: (1) there is a significant direct positive impact of leadership toward lecturer’s work involvement; (2) there is a significant positive impact of organizational justice toward lecturer’s work participation; and (3) there is a significant direct impact between trust toward organization and lecturer’s work contribution. Based on that findings, effective leadership, justice, and trust to the organization would improve lecturer’s work involvement in private university.
Production of uronic acids by hydrothermolysis of pectin as a model substance for plant biomass waste
Authors: Pińkowska Hanna , Krzywonos Małgorzata , Wolak Paweł , Złocińska Adrianna
Published: July 2019

The hydrolysis of high methyl ester citrus-apple pectin as a model substance for plant biomass waste rich in pectin fraction resulting in an uronic acids was performed in a batch reactor using subcritical water. The effects of the reaction temperature and time on the composition of the products contained in the separated liquid fractions were studied. The optimal experimental design methodology was used for modelling and optimizing the yield of uronic acids. In good agreement with experimental results (R2 = 0.986), the model predicts an optimal yield of uronic acids (approx. 77.3 g kg-1 ± 0.7 g kg-1) at a temperature and a time of about 155°C and 36 min. Uronic acids were isolated from reaction mixture using the ion exchange method. Higher temperature and longer holding time resulted in a greater degree of thermal degradation of uronic acids and simultaneously higher yield of losses and gas fractions
Pregnancy outcomes after thyroid cancer
Authors: Spiegel Efrat , Spence Andrea R. , Czuzoj-Shulman Nicholas , Abenhaim Haim Arie
Published: July 2019

Background

Thyroid cancer is one of the most common cancers in women of reproductive age. Our purpose was to evaluate the association between thyroid cancer and maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancy.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) database from the US. A cohort consisting of women who delivered between 1999 and 2014 was created. Multivariate logistic regression, controlling for baseline maternal characteristics, was used to compare pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with thyroid cancer [International Classification of Diseases, ninth edition (ICD-9) code 193] diagnosed before or during pregnancy with those of the obstetric population without thyroid cancer.

Results

The study included 14,513,587 pregnant women, of which 581 women had a diagnosis of thyroid cancer (4/100,000). During the observation period, there was an upward trend in the prevalence of thyroid cancer among pregnant women, though not statistically significant (P = 0.147). Women with thyroid cancer were more likely to be Caucasian, belong to a higher income quartile, have private insurance, to be discharged from an urban teaching hospital and to have pre-gestational hypertension. Women with thyroid cancer had a greater chance of delivering vaginally, requiring transfusion of blood and developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). Neonates of mothers with thyroid cancer were not found to be at increased risk for the adverse neonatal outcomes examined, specifically, congenital malformations, intrauterine growth restriction, fetal death and preterm labor.

Conclusion

Pregnancies complicated by thyroid cancer have higher incidences of VTE and need for transfusions, with comparable overall newborn outcomes.
Transition metals doped ZnO nanocluster for ethylene oxide detection: A DFT study
Authors: Afshari Tooba , Mohsennia Mohsen
Published: July 2019

Density functional theory (DFT) studies at B3LYP/6-31G (d) (Becke, 3-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr) level were performed to evaluate adsorption interactions between ethylene oxide (EO) molecule, and pristine and transition metals (TM) (i.e., Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) doped ZnO nanocluster (TM-doped Zn12O12). The adsorption energy (Ead), band gap energy (Eg), Mulliken charge transfer (QT) and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) were calculated to examine the sensitivity of the Zn12O12 and its TM-doped forms toward EO detection. It was found that in contrast to the pristine Zn12O12, the electronic properties of TM-doped Zn12O12 were sharply sensitive to the presence of EO gas molecules. The results revealed that among the studied TM-doped Zn12O12, Cr- and V-doped Zn12O12 have great potential applicability as EO sensor, due to their highest Eg change (ΔEg) values, after the EO adsorption. Moreover, the density of state (DOS) calculations confirmed that strong electronic interaction between Cr- and V-doped Zn12O12 and EO molecules can makes them interesting empirical candidate for detection and adsorptive removal of EO gas molecules.
The crystal structure of (4Z)-2-[(E)-(1-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-ylidene)methyl]-4-[(1-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-3H-indolium-2-yl)methylidene]-3-oxocyclobut-1-en-1-olate, C30H32N2O2
Authors: Asiri Abdullah M. , Arshad Muhammad Nadeem , Albukhari Soha M. , Al-Soliemy Amerah M.
Published: July 2019

C30H32N2O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.8611(2) Å, b = 15.8027(3) Å, c = 16.2473(3) Å, β = 100.150(2)°, V = 2492.23(8) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0542, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1677, T = 296(3) K.
Optimization of the microstructure of carbonized lime mud by sodium polyacrylate
Authors: Wang Jian , Xu Yaowei , Wang Zhijie , Sun Jianpeng , Liu Min
Published: July 2019

Lime mud (LM) is a by-product originated from the causticization process of papermaking industry. Microscopic structural changes of LM in carbonization process lead to defects on its performance. Regulating the growth of calcium carbonate obtained from the carbonization process and preventing its influence on the surface microstructure of LM has become the key to achieve the self-digestion of this solid waste. In this study, microscopic structural changes of LM co-carbonized with sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) were investigated. The results showed that, compared with traditional carbonation, the microstructure of LM co-carbonized with PAAS was changed remarkably. The newly calcium carbonate formed in the carbonization process would be solidified and coated on the LM surface. Then LM co-carbonized with PAAS would have a smaller specific surface area, pore volume and pore size, which significantly improved its application performance when it was used as paper filler. In addition, a potential technique for improving the surface microstructure of calcium carbonate particle was proposed.
V2a Neurons Constrain Extradiaphragmatic Respiratory Muscle Activity at Rest
Authors: Jensen Victoria N. , Seedle Kari , Turner Sarah M. , Lorenz John N. , Crone Steven A.
Published: July 2019

Breathing requires precise control of respiratory muscles to ensure adequate ventilation. Neurons within discrete regions of the brainstem produce oscillatory activity to control the frequency of breathing. Less is understood about how spinal and pontomedullary networks modulate the activity of respiratory motor neurons to produce different patterns of activity during different behaviors (i.e., during exercise, coughing, swallowing, vocalizing, or at rest) or following disease or injury. Here, we use a chemogenetic approach to inhibit the activity of glutamatergic V2a neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord of neonatal and adult mice to assess their potential roles in respiratory rhythm generation and patterning respiratory muscle activity. Using whole-body plethysmography (WBP), we show that V2a neuron function is required in neonatal mice to maintain the frequency and regularity of respiratory rhythm. However, silencing V2a neurons in adult mice increases respiratory frequency and ventilation, without affecting regularity. Thus, the excitatory drive provided by V2a neurons is less critical for respiratory rhythm generation in adult compared to neonatal mice. In addition, we used simultaneous EMG recordings of the diaphragm and extradiaphragmatic respiratory muscles in conscious adult mice to examine the role of V2a neurons in patterning respiratory muscle activity. We find that silencing V2a neurons activates extradiaphragmatic respiratory muscles at rest, when they are normally inactive, with little impact on diaphragm activity. Thus, our results indicate that V2a neurons participate in a circuit that serves to constrain the activity of extradiaphragmatic respiratory muscles so that they are active only when needed.
ADAÇAYI UÇUCU YAĞ ELDESİNDEN SONRA ARTA KALAN ÜRÜNLERİN BİYOAKTİF POTANSİYELLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: İNCEGÜL Yasemin , ÇAM Mustafa
Published: July 2019

Adaçayı (Salvia officinalis L.), bitkisel çay,
baharat ve gıda tatlandırıcısı olarak kullanılan, çok sayıda biyoaktif bileşen
içeren, Lamiaceae familyasından önemli bir tıbbi bitkidir. Bu
araştırmada,  hidrodistilasyon ile
adaçayı uçucu yağları uzaklaştırılıp, arta kalan sulu kısım ve atık yaprakların
bileşimi incelenmiştir. Kurutulmuş adaçayı yaprakları 1 ve 2 saat olarak
hidrodistilasyon yöntemi ile ekstrakte edilip arta kalan yapraklar tekrar
kurutularak sırasıyla etil asetat ve etanol çözgenleri ile Soxhlet
ekstraksiyonuna tabi tutulmuştur. Elde edilen sulu (Hidrosol1, Hidrosol2),
etanollü (Etanol1, Etanol2) ve etil asetatlı (Etilasetat1, Etilasetat2)
ekstraktların toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içerikleri, α-glukozidaz inhibisyon
aktiviteleri, DPPH, ABTS ve β-karoten ağartma metotları kullanılarak
antioksidan aktiviteleri kolorimetrik olarak belirlenmiştir. Test edilen
ekstraktlar arasında toplam fenolik madde miktarı (60.63 mg GAE/g), toplam
flavonoid miktarı (40.23 mg KE/g), radikal süpürme gücü ((DPPH (95.00 mg
TEAC/g) ve ABTS (92.00 mg TEAC/g)) açısından en yüksek değer 2 saat
hidrodistilasyon sonucu elde edilen Hidrosol2 örneğine ait bulunurken en yüksek
antidiyabetik aktivitenin IC50 (1.32) Etil asetat1 örneğine ait
olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Dens invaginatus and dens evaginatus in a single tooth: Report of two cases
Authors: AKAY Gülsün , AKYOL Meltem
Published: July 2019

ÖZDens invaginatus ve dens evaginatus gelişimsel dental
anomalilerdir. Aynı dişte çift dens evaginatus ve dens invaginatus son derece
nadirdir. Bu makalenin amacı maksiller lateral kesici dişlerdeki çift dens
invaginatus ve dens evaginatuslu iki vakayı sunmaktır. Detaylı klinik ve radyografik muayene bu tür
abnormaliteleri belirlemek için önemlidir. Diş hekimlerinin dens invaginatus ve
dens evaginatus'un klinik ve radyografik bulguları hakkındaki farkındalığı
erken tanı ve tedavi için önemlidir. 

ANAHTAR KELİMELER: Dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, talon cusp, çift,
anomali
LA SIMULACIÓN DE LA VIRTUD COMPENSACIONES SOCIALMENTE ACEPTADAS PARA OCULTAR EL VACÍO
Authors: Godínez Héctor Sevilla
Published: July 2019

La intención del presente artículo consiste en explicar algunas de las condiciones que provocan que la vivencia del vacío sea infecunda. Se advierte que la experiencia de la vacuidad, si bien trae consigo una oportunidad de desarrollo, aumento de conciencia o plenitud, no siempre apunta hacia ello. Por ende, el texto tiene la pretensión de mostrar los motivos por los que el vacío no es representado como una oportunidad de crecimiento o algo digno de ser valorado. Se abordan por separado distintas simulaciones de virtud que son usualmente aceptadas, tales como la necesidad de perfección, las actitudes mesiánicas, la acumulación de conocimientos compensatorios, la a rmación desmedida de la propia virtud y los antifaces que distorsionan la identidad para ocultar el vacío.
DERECHOS HUMANOS Y REALIDAD EDUCATIVA
Authors: Quirós Vargas Emilia
Published: July 2019

El artículo presenta una reflexión acerca de la educación costarricense con enfoque de derechos humanos. Además de la inclusión educativa, se analizan temas de diversidad y calidad de formación, los requerimientos para la aceptabilidad de la educación y los aspectos en los que el sistema educativo se encuentra deficitario. Se plantean demandas y desafíos que hacen que el país afronte la imperiosa necesidad de realizar mayores esfuerzos, desarrollando planes, programas y proyectos a la luz de los derechos humanos
Featuring: Eugene Braunwald
Authors: Braunwald Eugene
Published: July 2019

In the Cardiology Masters section of European Cardiology Review, we bring you an insight into the career of a key contributor to the field of cardiology. In this issue, we feature Professor Eugene Braunwald, cardiovascular medicine specialist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and distinguished Hersey Professor of Medicine at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, US.
Fronts of circular turbulent jets
Authors: Rajaratnam N. , Yasmin N.
Published: July 2019

This Technical Note develops an expression for the frontal speed of a starting circular turbulent jet from dimensional considerations. Using experimental results, this speed has been found to be approximately 0·54 times the speed of the corresponding steady jet.
The Clyde dredging study
Authors: Falconer  , Banks D. J. , Riddell J. F. , Thomson D. S.
Published: July 2019

In common with other estuarine ports, the number of ships using the Port of Glasgow has declined considerably over recent years. Despite the corresponding reduction in revenue, the Clyde Port Authority (now privatized as Clydeport Limited in terms of the Ports Act 1991) continues to maintain the navigable channel extending the 36 km from the sea to the city. This requires an annual maintenance dredging commitment averaging some 225 000 in situ m3. To reduce costs, an option is to cease dredging and to allow the river channel to return to a regime state. Such a decision could have repercussions on the commercial and industrial activities which rely on the channel. A return to regime may also affect flood risk and the operation of stormwater overflows and drainage systems, in addition to environmental changes. This Paper describes the technical investigations undertaken to provide a baseline for considering these possible effects. The investigations included a siltation assessment, based largely on historical data, and the use of a hydrodynamic numerical model. The impact of changed bed profiles on water levels, flood risk, navigation, stormwater discharge and the environment is reviewed.
Técnica del árbol: aprendizajes en su utilización para problematizar necesidades de transformación social, Jalisco, México
Authors: Laureano Eugenio Jorge , Mejía Mendoza Martha Leticia , Cárdenas Ayón Esmeralda , Flores Isaac María Teresa , Gómez Raygoza Carlos Mario
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: analizar los aprendizajes para gestores y equipos técnicos locales de Promoción de la Salud al utilizar la técnica educativa de “el árbol social”, en la problematización de necesidades de transformación social en Jalisco, México, al 2017. Material y métodos: estudio cualitativo fenomenológico desarrollado durante 2017; de 74 participantes de la técnica en cuatro localidades rurales, se seleccionaron a conveniencia 30 informantes, definiéndolos por muestreo teórico. Para el levantamiento de la información, se trabajaron grupos focales, en espacios seleccionados por informantes. Se audio-grabaron entrevistas y analizaron semióticamente. Resultados: aluden ser útil al iniciar procesos de promoción de la salud, identificando y clarificando el trabajo, además de la integración de grupo; así mismo se retoma en la evaluación del proceso. La técnica considera el momento político, histórico y sociocultural del contexto local, interpretando de manera estructural, la situación a abordar. Destacan como limitaciones diversidad de liderazgo y opiniones, lo cual puede desanimar la participación. Finalmente, describen implicaciones éticas como no respetar la cultura y autonomía de las poblaciones para participar. Conclusiones: la técnica educativa permite el encuentro local entre diversos actores para el trabajo intersectorial, revitalizando la gestión territorial con el reconocimiento de los participantes como sujetos auto-reflexivos de su realidad histórica, cambiante y compleja, desarrollándose de manera particular en cada experiencia y contexto, pautado por el momento político, histórico y sociocultural, las habilidades del educador así como la diversidad de liderazgo y opiniones, teniendo presente no perder el respeto a la cultura y la autonomía para participar.