bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POLA PEMBINAAN INTERNATIONAL JUNIOR SCIENCE OLYMPIAD (IJSO) IPA DI TINGKAT NASIONAL
Authors: Yunita Y
Published: December 2021

Tujuan International Juniors Science Olympiad (IJSO) adalah : 1) Meningkatkan minat para siswa terhadap mata pelajaran sains (Fisika, Kimia dan Biologi) dan Matematika sejak mereka duduk di tingkat SMP, 2) Memberikan Motivasi kepada para siswa agar mereka semakin giat belajar, 3) Sebagai wahana pembinaan berkelanjutan dari lomba sains nasional untuk berkompetisi pada lomba tingkat internasional, 4) Memberikan kesempatan pada siswa untuk lebih memahami arti persaingan yang sehat dan kompetitif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan  metode deskriptif dan jenis penelitian studi kasus.  Subjek penelitian  sebanyak  45 orang siswa SMP kelas VII dan VIII . Rancangan penelitian pada tahap awal berupa seleksi siswa yang meliputi: Sekolah, ketingkat kabupaten/kota, propinsi, nasional, dan internasional, Tingkat nasional siswa diseleksi yang terbaik, dan  Pembinaan siswa dikarantina selama beberapa bulan melalui seleksi jalur Olimpiade Sains Nasional (OSN) dari mulai tingkat sekolah, kabupaten/kota, propinsi hingga tingkat nasional untuk keajang internasional sebanyak 6 siswa. Pada tahap kedua  tahap pelaksanaan pembinaan (proses)  yang  bertujuan untuk melatih keberanian  Metode pengumpulan data yang terdiri dari: penguasaan Materi Kimia  (tes harian) dan tes simulasi. Lingkup materi disampaikan secara bertahap dari konsep sederhana sampai ke tingkat yang sulit,  materi setingkat SMA di Indonesia (KTSP), dan tingkat SMA di Inggris A level.  Evaluasi kesiapan simulasi diberikan secara internal oleh tim pembina dan tim independen yang kompeten dan berpengalaman. Tahap simulasi dilakukan tiga kali. Metode pengolahan data dilakukan oleh tim pembina olimpiade yang terdiri dari tim pengajar pada di tahap awal dan tim independen di tahap akhir. Hasil akhir  diperoleh 15 medali   yang terdiri dari: 3 Emas,  5 Perak,  4 Perunggu.
PROFIL PENGGUNAAN AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENT DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI DI MADRASAH ALIYAH SE-KOTA BOGOR
Authors: Kurniawati Desti
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran secara sistematis mengenai fakta penggunaan authentic assessment oleh guru Biologi di Madrasah Aliyah Se-Kota Bogor. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2013/2014, dimulai pada bulan September sampai dengan bulan Oktober 2013. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah lima Madrasah Aliyah yaitu MAN 1 Kota Bogor, MAN 2 Kota Bogor, MA Persatuan Umat Islam (PUI), MA Al-Ghazaly, dan MA Al-Haitsam. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah instrumen non tes yang terdiri dari dokumentasi berupa lembar daftar cek penilaian otentik, angket penilaian otentik, dan wawancara. Analisis data dilakukan terhadap data kualitatif dan kuantitatif, untuk data kuantitatif analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan rumus deskriptif persentase, kemudian hasil persentase dikategorikan sesuai dengan kategori persentase menurut John Wilkinson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesesuaian dokumen penilaian kinerja atau unjuk kerja dan dokumen penilaian diskusi atau presentasi pada kelima dokumen penilaian otentik sudah termasuk dalam kategori sesuai dan hasil angket mengenai penilaian otentik telah menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan authentic assessment dalam pembelajaran Biologi di Madrasah Aliyah Kota Bogor sudah berkategori baik.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN LEARNING CYCLE TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA
Authors: Novianti Aryani
Published: December 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Learning Cycle pada konsep Sistem Pencernaan pada Manusia terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Adapun model pembelajaran Learning Cycle yang diterapkan adalah jenis 5E (Engangement, Exploration, Explanation, Elaboration dan Evaluation). Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP N 9 Kota Tangerang Selatan sedangkan sampelnya adalah seluruh siswa di kelas VIII 7 (38 orang) dan VIII 8 (38 orang) SMP N 9 Kota Tangsel. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik Sampling Purposive. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian Quasi-eksperimental design dengan desain penelitian berupa nonequivalent control group design. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa tes tertulis berupa pilihan ganda dan esai yang ditujukan untuk mengukur keterampilan berpikir kritis. Sedangkan lembar observasi digunakan untuk mengamati keterlaksanaan model pembelajaran Learning Cycle oleh guru dan keterampilan berpikir kritis yang tergali oleh siswa. Analisis data menggunakan uji-t diperoleh hasil thitung 3,703 dan ttabel pada taraf signifikansi 5 % sebesar 2, maka thitung > ttabel. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Learning Cycle pada konsep Sistem Pencernaan pada Manusia berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa.
IDENTIFIKASI MISKONSEPSI SISWA PADA KONSEP ARCHAEBACTERIA DAN EUBACTERIA MENGGUNAKAN TWO-TIER MULTIPLE CHOICE
Authors: Septiana Dwi , Zulfiani Zulfiani , Noor Meiry Fadilah
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap miskonsespsi siswa mengidentifikasi miskonsepsi siswa pada konsep Archaebacteria dan Eubacteria menggunakan two-tier multiple choice. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik Sekolah Menengah Atas ddi Jakarta pada tahun ajaran 2013-2014 yang berjumlah 35 orang siswa. Data tes diagnostik dikumpulkan menggunakan two-tier multiple choice untuk mengidentifikasi pemahaman konsep siswa ke dalam paham konsep, miskonsepsi, tidak paham dan menebak (4 kategori). Hasil menunjukkan 31.12% peserta didik mengalami miskonsepsi pada konsep Archaebacteria dan Eubacteria sedangkan sisanya didominasi oleh kategori tidak memahami.
Enculturated Education for Strengthening Character Education in Preventing Intolerance and Radicalism
Authors: Cardinale Pamela , Rofi’i Muhammad Syaroni , Samputra Palupi Lindiasari , Achdiawa Ramadhani
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntolerance and extremism have recently increased in the academic atmosphere or among students. The purpose of this study was to discover the origins of intolerance and radicalism among students, identify the core cause of educational problems, and examine the role of cultural education in building the character of Indonesian students. The Delphi approach was used to assess data gathered from a variety of expert informants. The study's findings revealed four significant causes of intolerance and radicalization: personal factors, education, economic-social-political-cultural issues, and a lack of religious comprehension. The study also found that religious education is less in-depth, with less reading, weak persuasive logic, and a focus on binary truth. Cultural education begins with establishing superior national identity through the Pancasila character ("gotong-royong" or cooperation, empathy, and good critical-thinking abilities); fosters the habit of reading texts critically and comprehensively. Both serve as the foundation for pupils' capacity to solve complex challenges. This study makes recommendations for promoting pupils' religious belief in God and tolerance values. Intoleransi dan ekstremisme akhir-akhir ini meningkat di lingkungan akademik atau di kalangan mahasiswa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui asal mula intoleransi dan radikalisme di kalangan siswa, mengidentifikasi inti penyebab masalah pendidikan, dan mengkaji peran pendidikan budaya dalam membangun karakter siswa Indonesia. Pendekatan Delphi digunakan untuk menilai data yang dikumpulkan dari berbagai informan ahli. Temuan penelitian mengungkapkan empat penyebab signifikan intoleransi dan radikalisasi: faktor pribadi, pendidikan, masalah ekonomi-sosial-politik-budaya, dan kurangnya pemahaman agama. Studi tersebut juga menemukan bahwa pendidikan agama kurang mendalam, dengan bacaan yang kurang, logika persuasif yang lemah, dan fokus pada kebenaran biner. Pendidikan budaya diawali dengan pembentukan jati diri bangsa yang unggul melalui karakter Pancasila (“gotong-royong” atau kerjasama, empati, dan kemampuan berpikir kritis yang baik); menumbuhkan kebiasaan membaca teks secara kritis dan komprehensif. Keduanya berfungsi sebagai dasar bagi kapasitas siswa untuk memecahkan tantangan yang kompleks. Kajian ini memberikan rekomendasi untuk mempromosikan keyakinan agama siswa kepada Tuhan dan nilai-nilai toleransi.How to Cite: Cardinale, P., Rofi’I, M. S., Samputra, P. L., Achdiawan,  R. (2021). Enculturated Education for Strengthening Character Education in Preventing Intolerance and Radicalism. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 8(1), 20-43. doi:10.15408/tjems.v8i1.20359.
Improving Follow-Up of Tests Pending at Discharge
Authors: Shriner Andrew R. , Baker Richelle M. , Ellis Andrew , Dixon Rebecca , Saysana Michele
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Follow-up on results of inpatient tests pending at discharge (TPAD) must occur to ensure patient safety and high-quality care continue after discharge. We identified a need to improve follow-up of TPAD and began a quality improvement initiative with an aim of reducing the rate of missed follow-up of TPAD to ≤20% within 12 months.

METHODS

The team used the Plan-Do-Study-Act method of quality improvement and implemented a process using reminder messages in the electronic health record. We collected data via retrospective chart review for the 6 months before the intervention and monthly thereafter. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of patients with missed follow-up of TPAD, defined as no documented follow-up within 72 hours of a result being available. The use of a reminder message was monitored as a process measure.

RESULTS

We reviewed charts of 764 discharged patients, and 216 (28%) were noted to have TPAD. At baseline, the average percentage of patients with missed follow-up was 80%. The use of reminder messages was quickly adopted. The average percentage of patients with missed follow-up of TPAD after beginning the quality improvement interventions was 35%.

CONCLUSIONS

We had significant improvement in follow-up after our interventions. Additional work is needed to ensure continued and sustained improvement, focused on reducing variability in performance between providers and investing in technology to allow for automation of the follow-up process.
Adesão às normas democráticas como forma de minimizar os efeitos da intolerância política
Authors: Menegassi Victor Gabriel Menezes , Alcantara Naiara Sandi de Almeida
Published: December 2021

A ascensão de políticos conservadores com atitudes autoritárias, não só no Brasil, como em diversos países do mundo, pode ser parte da cultural backlash de um grupo social descontente com as recentes mudanças culturais (Norris e Inglehart 2019). Esses líderes pouco aptos ao exercício da governança democrática estão em consonância com o aumento da intolerância política. A vista disso, nosso objetivo é justamente conectar a agenda de pesquisas sobre adesão às normas democráticas e a tolerância, a fim de constatar a existência dessa relação no Brasil. Para isso, utilizamos técnicas de análise quantitativas, através do material empírico fornecido pelo Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP). Partimos da hipótese de que indivíduos que aderem mais às normas democráticas tendem a ser mais tolerantes em relação aos grupos minoritários. Dentre os resultados verificamos a existência de relação altamente significativa das variáveis testadas, isto é, os democratas tendem a tolerar mais.
Using a patient decision aid about insulin treatment in type 2 diabetes clinics
Authors: Syed Ayeshah
Published: December 2021

The Candlin Researcher AwardThe low uptake of insulin leaves many Malaysians with type 2 diabetes at risk of developing complications. To improve decision making about insulin treatment, a patient decision aid (PDA) was developed for use with patients. However, although it is generally accepted that PDAs can support informed and shared decision making, there is limited discursive data showing how they are used in doctor–patient consultations. This paper reports on activity analysis of clinic consultations in which a PDA about insulin treatment was used. Eleven consultations with diverse participants conducted in three healthcare settings in Malaysia were systematically mapped to identify structural, interactional and thematic patterns. Two main phases of Assessment and Treatment were identified, with doctors generally participating more than patients. Mapping of the Treatment phase showed that structural patterns depended on two main factors: whether patients had read the PDA and whether they responded negatively or positively towards insulin. While mapping is only a preliminary stage of activity analysis, the findings offer insights into structural, interactional and thematic patterns in PDA use at the level of the whole consultation. They also point towards key areas for closer analysis of discursive practices.
Linguists and language workers
Authors: Koller Veronika
Published: December 2021

In this paper, I address two connected topics: firstly, the relationships between linguists working in academia and language professionals, such as communication managers and consultants, in other sectors; and secondly, how a strong emphasis on knowledge exchange and impact in British higher education policy has led to increased collaboration between academic and non-academic language workers, but also to a realignment of traditional academic values with the interests of practitioners. The investigation is partly based on published reflections – mostly by linguists – on collaborating with (language) professionals in other sectors, and partly on insights from 13 interviews with language workers in consulting, communications and campaigning. The interviews are manually analysed for thematic categories and, where relevant, for pragmatic meanings in the context of the interview situation and conversational interaction. Findings suggest conflicts around registers and timescales, along with concerns over data and the relevance of academic interests. Crucially, language professionals show little concern about collaborating with academics, leading to an imbalance in interests. I supplement the evidence with personal observations on the opportunities and obstacles that are present when straddling academic and non-academic work, as well as with a discussion of how a unidirectional realignment of values changes the nature of academic work.
Labeling miscommunication
Authors: Myers Greg
Published: December 2021

This article uses a 1974 study of doctor–patient communication from Christopher Candlin, Clive Bruton and Jonathan Leather as a starting point to trace how miscommunication, misunderstanding and communication failure have been treated in the applied linguistics of professional practice since then. The study helps us notice the tension between seeing miscommunication as a problem of skills, and seeing it as part of a situated process in a wider context of institutional practices. In reading the literature on misunderstanding through this 1974 study, I focus on how the act of miscommunication is identified, who sees it as a misunderstanding, what is at stake and how an event, labeled as a misunderstanding, is retold in a new context.
‘We're not seen as strangers; we're seen as part of the people’
Authors: Rausch Tom
Published: December 2021

While many discourse analysts have explored the frame semantics of risk and health communication during outbreak response from media or doctor–patient perspectives, the discourse patterns of members of health organisations remain largely unexplored. This article is specifically concerned with risk construction processes during pandemics through the added value of understanding the communication patterns of African health experts, who have been found to be insufficiently included in outbreak response. I examine how members of an African health consortium express evaluative stance on outbreak response mechanisms, with a particular focus on the West African Ebola epidemic (2013–2016), and on their own work. I explore how they draw on stance to construct an organisational identity in the international field of outbreak management. Conducted as part of a 12-month ethnographic study, I focus on interviews with organisational members and draw on Appraisal theory to conduct a systematic analysis of the speakers’ expressions of stance. The article's contributions are two-fold: it expands the study of the communicative processes in the field of emerging pathogens to the context of African health consortiums, and it establishes how an underrepresented expert group negotiates access and claims space in the debate on outbreak response.
Between fear and confidence
Authors: Dierickx Laurence
Published: December 2021

The phenomenon of news automation is viewed ambivalently by news professionals, who understand that it promises to give journalists more time to focus on their key activities but who also fear job losses and perceive new ethical questions relating to its use. Although automated news production methods refer to software or algorithmic processes that convert structured data into text or visual representations, a ‘robot’ metaphor is often used to describe the activity. Does this metaphor influence the mediatic discourses of journalists when they write about automated news within their professional context? How do they give meaning to the information? Do they observe an enunciative withdrawal? The present corpus-based research focuses on 300 headlines published online in English and French in a variety of countries over eight years. The findings show that journalists do not limit themselves to facts when they write about a subject connected to them, and that although in this instance the two groups studied do share some preoccupations, there are nuances between them. Those nuances lie in the opposition between the expression of feelings of fear (of losing their jobs or professional identity) and the expression of feelings of confidence (in the future or in progress). It was also found that the use of robot metaphors influenced these trends but in opposite directions.
Writing as a critical moment in professional discourse
Authors: Lillis Theresa
Published: December 2021

Written texts mediate action and serve as accounts of action in most contemporary professional domains. Echoing Candlin's call for applied and social linguists to explore ‘critical moments’ in discourse, I argue that ‘writing’ constitutes just such a critical moment, because of its contested position in professional domains and the dominant ideology underpinning writing evident both in ‘intellectual’ (academic) and ‘expert’ (professional) orientations. A key challenge is to find ways of understanding writing which are not constrained by existing ‘intellectual’ and ‘expert’ orientations and which can contribute to useable knowledge for professional practice. I draw on specific examples from ethnographically oriented research projects with professionals in two domains (academia and social work) to illustrate how a dominant ideology of writing is enacted. This enactment is explored further by focusing on ICT-mediated ‘expert systems’ in social work, illustrating how an increasingly used, specific technology of writing is impacting professional practice. I conclude by considering the difficulties and possibilities of collaboratively building usable knowledge about writing for professional practice.
«Todo es un cuento roto»: identidad fragmentada y estética fragmentaria en la obra de Carmen Martín Gaite
Authors: Venzon Ruben
Published: December 2021

En la obra de Carmen Martín Gaite, el espejo roto y el rompecabezas son imágenes complementarias que simbolizan tanto la problemática escisión del sujeto como la adopción de una estética fragmentaria, siendo la una consecuencia de la otra. A partir de la teoría lacaniana del stade du miroir y sus repercusiones en el ámbito del conocimiento, este artículo explica la crisis de la representación que afecta a la autora y su consiguiente búsqueda de formas de expresión alternativas. Para ello, se consideran primero los Cuadernos de todo, El cuento de nunca acabar y Visión de Nueva York como ejemplos de escritura no secuencial al margen de la ficción. Después, se constata el alcance de esta misma actitud rupturista en la configuración narrativa de Nubosidad variable y La Reina de las Nieves mediante el análisis de dichas metáforas.
Escritura y oralidad en el fractal literario infantil
Authors: Álvarez-Ramos Eva
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo aporta ejemplos de la presencia de la fractalidad en la literatura infantil, lo que permite reflexionar sobre los cambios que han experimentado, en las últimas décadas, las producciones destinadas a los niños y que han afectado directamente a la concepción y a la calidad de esta literatura. La presencia del fractal, primero, como reducto de la oralidad (tan estrechamente relacionada con la infancia) y, segundo, como elemento estructurador del discurso en las manifestaciones escritas, refuerza la reivindicación de lo literario como principal elemento gestor del discurso, por encima del público al que se destine.
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Diagnostic Difficulties in Prenatal Period
Authors: Normuradova Nodira M. , Fazilov Аkram A. , Rasulova Munisa M.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the possible diagnostic errors in the hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) with mitral atresia and intact interventricular septum. “Atrioventricular canal defects” can be commonly and mistakenly diagnosed the prenatal period in such cases. The aspects and possibilities of differential diagnosis of these defects in the prenatal period are discussed. Ultrasound sign is presented in the article, we have named it “hockey stick with puck” that characterizes the retrograde blood flow in the aortic arch. This sign is diagnosed by color Doppler mapping of the sagittal section of the ductus arteriosus and can serve as a marker of mitral/aortic atresia.
O presente e o futuro do trabalho precarizado dos trabalhadores por aplicativo
Authors: Rodrigues Nara Letícia Pedroso Ramos , Moreira Amanda Sorce , Lucca Sergio Roberto de
Published: December 2021

Resumo: Na luta pela sobrevivência milhões de pessoas se submetem ao trabalho desregulamentado e informal. Servindo-se disso, as empresas por aplicativos atraem cada vez mais trabalhadores sob a falácia do empreendedorismo. O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever o perfil biossocial destes trabalhadores, o processo de trabalho, as formas de controle das empresas e analisar os aspectos principais e emergentes entre as partes envolvidas. Trata-se de um estudo de escopo cujo processo de coleta do material foi norteado pelo questionamento: “O que se tem produzido na literatura científica sobre o perfil e os riscos no trabalho de aplicativos?”, entre os anos de 2014 e 2020. A análise dos conteúdos deu origem a três eixos temáticos: O crescimento dos aplicativos no Brasil e a relação com o trabalhador; o perfil dos trabalhadores de aplicativos e sua exposição laboral, além de suas reivindicações de condições de trabalho diante da pandemia da COVID-19. A dinâmica profissional dos trabalhadores por aplicativo é marcada pela sujeição, dominação e desgaste. A falta de reconhecimento do vínculo empregatício não os faz sujeitos desprovidos de direitos, dignidade e qualidade de vida no ambiente de trabalho. A organização espontânea e sem intermediação sindical desta categoria de trabalhadores, em torno de uma pauta comum de reivindicações a ser discutida com os demais representantes da sociedade, denota o elevado grau de exploração e precarização, e poderá ser o caminho para que as empresas de aplicativos adotem premissas do trabalho digno e decente.
Consequences of a new species and different stocks of Spiny Red Lobster in Brazil
Authors: Almeida Luciano Pinto de , Silva Ana Claudia França , Hostim-Silva Mauricio , Santander-Neto Jones
Published: December 2021

Abstract: The Spiny Red Lobster has an important commercial role in Brazil. However, a downward trend in the production of lobsters due to overfishing has been observed and there is also a devaluation of the product in the international market due to the instability in the size pattern of lobsters commercialized. Here in Brazil we detected two issues regarding the Spiny Red Lobster: (1) According to recent studies, there are genetic and morphological differences between Caribbean and Brazilian populations, which may be considered different species and; (2) Current legislation, such as seasonal closures, does not consider the multiple probable stocks of the species, which have direct implications in management and conservation. Thus, the recognition of the Spiny Red Lobster from Brazil as Panulirus meripurpuratus and investments on population and biological research are essential to improve its management considering regional stock differences.
COVID-19 infodemic and adult and elderly mental health: a scoping review
Authors: Delgado Cássia Evangelista , Silva Eveline Aparecida , Castro Edna Aparecida Barbosa de , Carbogim Fabio da Costa , Püschel Vilanice Alves de Araújo , Cavalcante Ricardo Bezerra
Published: December 2021

Abstract Objective: to map scientific knowledge about the repercussions of the infodemic on adult and elderly mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: this is a scoping review, developed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology, which included 33 articles. These articles were analyzed according to average age, gender and education level; place and period of the studies; exposure time to COVID-19 information; main signs and symptoms related to mental health; main sources of information; suggestions for mitigating the effects of the infodemic; and knowledge gaps. Results: the most present repercussions of the infodemic on the adult and elderly mental health were anxiety, depression and stress, and the most affected group was young adults and females. Conclusion: future studies with more robust designs are needed to investigate the repercussions of the infodemic on people’s mental health in the medium and long term, as well as to assess the effects, feasibility, cost-benefit and meaning of interventions in population groups, especially in the elderly population.
Effect of fungicides on the symbiosis between Bradyrhizobium strains and peanut
Authors: Santos Allef Barbosa dos , Gondim Tarcísio Marcos de Souza , Fernandes Júnior Paulo Ivan , Lima Liziane Maria de
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT Seed treatment with fungicides is an important practice for the control of phytopathogens in peanut crops. However, these products can harm rhizobacteria (Bradyrhizobium) and inhibit processes such as biological nitrogen fixation. This study aimed to verify the effects of the treatment of peanut seeds cv. BR1 inoculated with Bradyrhizobium spp. with fungicides. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using two combinations of fungicides [C1: carboxin (200 g L-1) + tiram (200 g L-1); C2: pyraclostrobin (25 g L-1) + thiophanate methyl (225 g L-1) + fipronil (250 g L-1)] and one control without fungicide; two inoculants based on Bradyrhizobium spp. (SEMIA 6144 and ESA 123) and one control with a nitrogen chemical source (ammonium nitrate). The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3 (2 with fungicide and 1 without fungicide) x 4 (2 inoculations based on rhizobia, 1 N mineral source and 1 without N) x 2 (1 or 2 inoculants applications) factorial scheme, with 5 replications. The root and shoot dry mass, plant height, nodulation and leaf nitrogen accumulation were evaluated. The application of both combinations reduced the number of nodules on plant roots, mainly for C1. The vegetative growth and nitrogen in the leaves were affected by C1, whereas, for C2, there were increments higher than for the control without fungicides. ESA 123 was more tolerant to the effects of fungicides on nodulation. Regarding the number of inoculations, there was an increase in the nitrogen rate with two inoculations. C2, despite affecting the nodulation, was less toxic to the inoculants SEMIA 6144 and ESA 123.
Multifunctional characteristics of Acinetobacter lwoffii Bac109 for growth promotion and colonization in micropropagated sugarcane
Authors: Silva Janniffer Custódio da , Santos Luan Dionisio Silva , Faria Paula Sperotto Alberto , Silva Fabiano Guimarães , Rubio Neto Aurélio , Martins Paula Fabiane , Selari Priscila Jane Romano Gonçalves
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT Endophytic bacteria with multifunctional characteristics can benefit plants through different mechanisms, as well as promoting growth in an efficient, low-cost and ecofriendly way. This study analyzed the potential of the multifunctional endophytic isolate Acinetobacter lwoffii Bac109 in promoting the early in vitro growth of sugarcane seedlings. The Bac109 strain showed potential to solubilize phosphate in a solid medium (solubilization index: 3.73). In addition, the bacterium was an efficient biocontrol agent against the phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma sp. and Bipolaris papendorfii, showing a performance equal to or better than the commercial antifungal hygromycin B. An in vitro assay confirmed the biofilm production, which increased in the presence of sugarcane root extract. Additionally, A. lwoffii Bac109 showed a strong adhesion to the sugarcane roots. The inoculation of this bacterium in micropropagated sugarcane seedlings increased the shoot length (35 %) and regulated the nonphotochemical energy dissipation after 28 days of cultivation. At the end of the experiment, the bacterium showed a great potential for survival, with 5.72 × 107 CFU mL-1 recovered from the substrate, what is crucial for plant interaction. The results showed the potential of the biotechnology application for A. lwoffii Bac109 by evaluating multifunctional traits of plant growth promotion and by specific interactions with sugarcane, which may help to improve micropropagation protocols for this crop.
A RELAÇÃO EDUCATIVA E A ORGANICIDADE DO REAL: UM CONFRONTO ENTRE PAULO FREIRE E GIOVANNI GENTILE
Authors: Ferrari Marco
Published: December 2021

RESUMO Paulo Freire e Giovanni Gentile são dois educadores muito complexas, tanto no nível pedagógico como no filosófico. Ambos coletam a herança do pensamento idealista hegeliano, infundindo uma visão orgânica da humanidade e da sociedade em suas respectivas elaborações pedagógicas; mas, embora partindo de uma base filosófica em comum, eles chegam a resultados extremamente diferentes. O objetivo desta breve contribuição é mostrar, em linhas transversais, a dialética subjacente às ideias de Freire e Gentile, a fim de estimular futuras pesquisas comparativas sobre o significado e a influência das concepções filosóficas na prática pedagógica. Para entender quais ideias relacionam Freire, com sua ideia radical de liberdade pedagógica, e Gentile, reformador da escola hierárquica para o regime fascista italiano, foram considerados alguns trechos de obras fundamentais dos dois autores, em particular Extensão ou comunicação?, para o autor brasileiro, e A reforma da educação, entre outras, para o autor italiano. O resultado real é a heterogênese dos fins com os quais certas ideias semelhantes podem produzir resultados opostos.
Explaining the Changes in Brazilian Foreign Policy towards South America under Michel Temer’s Administration (2016-2018): The Return to the Logic of Open Regionalism
Authors: Santos Leandro Wolpert dos , Leão André Pimentel Ferreira , Rosa Jonathan Raphael Vieira da
Published: December 2021

Abstract The administration of President Michel Temer (2016-2018) led to significant changes in Brazilian foreign policy towards South America as opposed to the country’s goals that had remained in place for over a decade. This article addresses the question of how and why these changes unfolded under Temer’s government. Anchored in an analytical framework of Public Policy Analysis, we develop two main arguments. Firstly, we claim that the changes in foreign policy towards South America represented a paradigmatic transition from a post-liberal strategy to the restoration of the logic of open regionalism. Secondly, we argue that this change resulted from the coupling of the three dimensions of the political process: problem recognition, policy alternatives, and politics. The primary cause of such change was the political dispute in the public arena between business groups and party leadership.
Military Build-up in Southeast Asia and the South China Sea: How Relevant Are the Disputes with China?
Authors: Hendler Bruno , Motta André Luiz Cançado
Published: December 2021

Abstract Abstract: The South China Sea (SCS) is one of the regions with the most dynamic and intense military activity in the world. This is largely due to commercial and political interests linked to the region, which is crucial for global maritime trade and rich in natural resources. China is the most interested party in the SCS, claiming 90% of its entire area, a portion referred to by Beijing as the “nine-dash line.” The present article seeks to analyse both quantitatively and qualitatively the influence of China on the military spending of four Southeast (SE) Asian countries that are also interested in the SCS: Vietnam, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Indonesia. For quantitative analysis, we used the data for military expenditure, armaments acquisition, the frequency and type of incidents involving national navies and/or civilians. For qualitative analysis, we retrieved information from hemerographic sources and official documents from the United States, China, SE Asian countries, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), and the World Bank (WB).
Evaluation of quantitative polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts shed by cats
Authors: Miura Ana Carolina , Barros Luiz Daniel de , Minutti Ana Flávia , Martins Thais Agostinho , Sasse João Pedro , Nino Beatriz de Souza Lima , Garcia João Luis
Published: December 2021

Abstract Felines are definitive hosts of Toxoplasma gondii and can shed oocysts in their feces, contaminating the environment. Sporulated oocysts are highly resistant to the environment and have higher infectivity, which are attributed to many toxoplasmosis outbreaks. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique for the detection of T. gondii oocysts shed by cats. Twelve cats from a previous vaccine experiment were challenged orally with 600 cysts of the TgDoveBr8 strain on day 72. Fecal samples were collected daily using the centrifugal flotation technique, with microscopic examination (Sheather technique) and qPCR for 20 days after the challenge. Cats from all groups shed oocysts in their feces. Five negative cats in the Sheather were positive according to qPCR on the 3rd day post-inoculation (dpi). Oocysts were detected on the 4th dpi using the Sheather; however, there was no statistical difference between the two methods (p=0.1116). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in oocyst shedding between the groups according to the Sheather technique (p=0.6534) and qPCR (p=0.9670). In conclusion, these results demonstrate that qPCR can be used as an alternative to the Sheather to detect and quantify T. gondii oocysts.
An innovative method to simulate stress-induced velocity changes in anisotropic rocks
Authors: Bai Q. , Konietzky H.
Published: December 2021

This contribution proposes a numerical microstructural modelling approach to investigate stress-induced seismic velocity changes on anisotropic rocks. By introducing pre-existing cracks with preferential orientations in bonded-particle assemblies, the transverse isotropic structure of the Whitby mudstone is simulated. Using power-law distributed aperture and calibrated micro-properties, the model successfully reproduced stress-dependent velocity changes on Whitby mudstones with different anisotropic angles in relation to the applied loads. The proposed model also duplicates the directional dependence of wave speed with respect to the bedding plane as expected theoretically. The numerical models show that velocity increase results from the closure of pre-existing cracks due to load increase. Direct relations are established between velocity changes and opened crack density (or crack closure), which displays a similar tendency compared with theoretical predictions. This relation can be used to quantify the micromechanisms behind the velocity changes. The proposed model provides the ability to directly examine the micro-processes underlying velocity changes.
Spatially Resolved Transcriptomic Analysis of Acute Kidney Injury in a Female Murine Model
Authors: Dixon Eryn E. , Wu Haojia , Muto Yoshiharu , Wilson Parker C. , Humphreys Benjamin D.
Published: December 2021

Significance Statement

AKI is characterized by a sudden loss of kidney function often followed by the restoration of function through repair. Single-cell RNA sequencing efforts have aided in the identification of cell types and states important in injury, repair, and failed repair. These transcriptomic atlases lack spatial information, complicating interpretation of relevant cellular interactions. Therefore, we generated a spatial time course of female ischemic injury, defining temporal and location-specific gene expression patterns of injury markers. Gene expression and cell type interactions were resolved across time points using computational tools Giotto and SPOTlight. These results have been packaged into an interactive data visualization tool for gene target discovery and validation throughout the kidney and AKI research communities.

Background

Single-cell sequencing technologies have advanced our understanding of kidney biology and disease, but the loss of spatial information in these datasets hinders our interpretation of intercellular communication networks and regional gene expression patterns. New spatial transcriptomic sequencing platforms make it possible to measure the topography of gene expression at genome depth.

Methods

We optimized and validated a female bilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury model. Using the 10× Genomics Visium Spatial Gene Expression solution, we generated spatial maps of gene expression across the injury and repair time course, and applied two open-source computational tools, Giotto and SPOTlight, to increase resolution and measure cell-cell interaction dynamics.

Results

An ischemia time of 34 minutes in a female murine model resulted in comparable injury to 22 minutes for males. We report a total of 16,856 unique genes mapped across our injury and repair time course. Giotto, a computational toolbox for spatial data analysis, enabled increased resolution mapping of genes and cell types. Using a seeded nonnegative matrix regression (SPOTlight) to deconvolute the dynamic landscape of cell-cell interactions, we found that injured proximal tubule cells were characterized by increasing macrophage and lymphocyte interactions even 6 weeks after injury, potentially reflecting the AKI to CKD transition.

Conclusions

In this transcriptomic atlas, we defined region-specific and injury-induced loss of differentiation markers and their re-expression during repair, as well as region-specific injury and repair transcriptional responses. Lastly, we created an interactive data visualization application for the scientific community to explore these results (http://humphreyslab.com/SingleCell/).
Reduction of local scouring at round-nosed rectangular piers using a downstream bed sill
Authors: Sanadgol E , Heidarpour M , Mohammadpour R
Published: December 2021

This study investigated the effectiveness of bed sills in reducing the scour depth with time at rectangular piers in a laboratory. Experiments were conducted just below the threshold of sediment motion (U/Uc = 0.95) for round-nosed piers with the length-to-width ratios of L/b = 1, 2, 3 and 4. Accordingly, a 1 cm thick PVC section as wide as the channel was used as the bed sill, which was flush with the bed and located at various distances, D, in the downstream of the piers, i.e. D/b = 0, 1, 2 and 3. It was found that the efficiency of the bed sill for a rectangular pier was significantly less than that for the circular one; there was a decrease in efficiency and scour depth with an increase of the pier length. The maximum efficiency obtained for the round-nosed piers with L/b = 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 32.5%, 21.3%, 14.4% and 5.7%, respectively. The application of a bed sill to reduce the local scour in round-nosed rectangular piers, when the length-to-width ratio exceeds 2, is therefore not recommended. Furthermore, the efficiency of the bed sill is the best when it is attached to the downstream end of the pier; its efficiency is decreased when increasing its distance from the pier.
Density: Bulk in-situ or SG?
Authors: Lomberg K.G.
Published: December 2021

The density used to covert volume to tons is critical in determining the real in-situ tonnage of Mineral Resources. However, the methods used to determine density and the use of different technical terms are seen to be inconsistent throughout the industry. Probably the best discussion addressing the determination of density was presented by Lipton (2001). This paper does not try to replicate this excellent work, but rather to review current industry practice and present a comparison of the approach to density in public reporting. Some of the technical terms used in reporting and the common methods applied are also discussed.
Decoupling the effects of alteration on the mineralogy and flotation performance of Great Dyke PGE ores
Authors: Dzingai T. , McFadzean B. , Tadie M. , Becker M.
Published: December 2021

Ores from a single deposit may exhibit extensive variability in their mineralogy and texture. The ability to quantify this variability and link it to mineral processing performance is one of the primary goals of process mineralogy. This study focuses on the effect of alteration in three platinum group element ore samples from the Great Dyke in Zimbabwe - two of which were more pristine compared to the third, which was locally classified as 'oxidized' ore. These ores are known to be characterized by varying degrees of alteration, resulting in numerous challenges in flotation and affecting both grade and recovery. Alteration, by near-surface oxidation, of the valuable base metal sulphides and platinum group minerals resulted in lower flotation recoveries of Cu, Ni, Pt, and Pd. Evidence of incipient oxidation was more readily observed in the base metal sulphide assemblage than the platinum group mineral assemblage, even though the loss in recovery (because of oxidation) was most significant for Pd. Alteration through hydration resulted in a significant increase in mass pull and dilution of concentrate grade through the inadvertent recovery of naturally floating gangue comprising composite orthopyroxene and talc particles. In this study, the amount of naturally floating gangue was more strongly correlated with the talc grain size distribution than the grade of talc in the flotation feed. The oxidation and hydration alteration reactions are not necessarily mutually exclusive, although one may be more dominant than the other, giving rise to ore variability.
Are pit lakes an environmentally sustainable closure option for opencast coal mines?
Authors: Johnstone A.C.
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study is to determine if pit lakes are a sustainable coal mine closure option in South African. The water balance, chemistry, limnology, and bacterial population of three selected pit lakes were investigated. The lakes are in the three major coal basins of South Africa and are associated with different lithologies and mining methods. The major factors driving the water balance of the pit lakes are direct rainfall, runoff, inflow from old mine workings, and groundwater infiltration, with the major losses being evaporation or discharge onto surface. The study indicated that pit lakes can be designed as 'terminal sinks' to provide a sustainable mine closure option. The pit lakes sampled have an alkaline pH, and mostly a sodium/calcium sulphate water with total dissolved solids content of less than 3000 mg/l. The phytoplankton and microbiological data indicates that the pit lakes support aquatic life. The study shows that correctly designed pit lakes can be an environmentally sustainable closure option for South Africa's coal mines. A suggested design manual has been developed to assist mine owners and regulators in developing sustainable coal mine pit lakes as a closure option.
Correlations of geotechnical monitoring data in open pit slope back-analysis -A mine case study
Authors: Silva A.F. , Sotomayor J.M.G. , Torres V.F.N.
Published: December 2021

Geotechnical monitoring plays an important role in the detection of operational safety issues in the slopes of open pits. Currently, monitoring companies offer several solutions involving robust technologies that boast highly reliable data and the ability to control risky conditions. The monitoring data must be processed and analysed so as to allow the results to be used for several purposes, thereby providing information that can be used to manage operational actions and optimize mining plans or engineering projects. In this work we analysed monitoring data (pore pressure and displacement) and its correlation with the tension and displacement of the mass of an established failure slope calculated using the finite element method. To optimize the back-analysis, a Python language routine was developed using input data (point coordinates, parameter matrix, and critical section) to use software with the rock mass parameters (cohesion, friction angle, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio). For the back-analysis, the Mohr-Coulomb criterion was applied with the shear strength reduction technique to obtain the strength reduction factor. The results were consistent with both the measured displacements and the maximum deformation contours, revealing the possible failure mechanism, allowing the strength parameters to be calibrated according to the slope failure conditions, and providing information about the contribution of each variable (parameter) to the slope failure in the study area.
Revealing shifts from mastery of knowledge to problem solving in assessments of a tertiary physics programme
Authors: Cornell Alan , Padayachee Kershree
Published: December 2021

There is an increasing pressure on lecturers to work with two goals. First, they need to ensure that their undergraduate students have a good grasp of the knowledge and skills of the intellectual field. In addition, they need to prepare graduates and postgraduates for careers both within and outside of academia. The problem we address in this paper is the way in which assessments may reveal a shift of focus from a mastery of knowledge to a work-focused orientation. We examine this shift through a case study of physics and the sub-discipline of theoretical physics as intellectual fields. The evidence is comprised of assessment tasks given to students at different points of their studies from first year to doctoral level. By examining and analysing the assessment tasks using concepts from Legitimation Code Theory (LCT), we demonstrate how the shifts in the assessments lead students incrementally from a pure disciplinary focus to one that enables them to pursue employment potentially both within and outside of academia. In doing so, we also highlight the usefulness of LCT as a framework for evaluating the preparation of science students for diverse workplaces.