bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Impact of Noneffortful Responses on Individual-Level Scores: Can the Effort-Moderated IRT Model Serve as a Solution?
Authors: Rios Joseph , Soland Jim
Published: June 2021

Suboptimal effort is a major threat to valid score-based inferences. While the effects of such behavior have been frequently examined in the context of mean group comparisons, minimal research has considered its effects on individual score use (e.g., identifying students for remediation). Focusing on the latter context, this study addressed two related questions via simulation and applied analyses. First, we investigated how much including noneffortful responses in scoring using a three-parameter logistic (3PL) model affects person parameter recovery and classification accuracy for noneffortful responders. Second, we explored whether improvements in these individual-level inferences were observed when employing the Effort Moderated IRT (EM-IRT) model under conditions in which its assumptions were met and violated. Results demonstrated that including 10% noneffortful responses in scoring led to average bias in ability estimates and misclassification rates by as much as 0.15 SDs and 7% respectively. These results were mitigated when employing the EM-IRT model, particularly when model assumptions were met. However, once model assumptions were violated, the EM-IRT model’s performance deteriorated, though still outperforming the 3PL model. Thus, findings from this study show that: (a) including noneffortful responses when using individual scores can lead to potential unfounded inferences and potential score misuse; and (b) the negative impact that noneffortful responding has on person ability estimates and classification accuracy can be mitigated by employing the EM-IRT model, particularly when its assumptions are met.
Speech development between 30 and 119 months in typical children II: Articulation rate growth curves
Authors: Mahr Tristan , Soriano Jennifer U. , Rathouz Paul J. , Hustad Katherine
Published: June 2021

Purpose: We aimed to develop normative growth curves for articulation rate during sentence repetition for typically developing children. Our primary goal was the development of quantile/percentile growth curves, so that typical variation in articulation rate with age could be estimated. We also estimated when children became adultlike in their articulation rate and we examined the contributions of age and utterance length to articulation rate.Method: This cross-sectional study involved collection of in-person speech samples from 570 typically developing children (297 girls; 273 boys) who passed speech, language, and hearing screening measures. Pauses greater than 150 ms in duration were removed from the samples, and articulation rate was measured in syllables per second (sps).Results: Articulation rate reliably increased with age and utterance length. Rate in all key percentiles increased with age. The median rate (50th percentile) increased from 2.7 sps at 36 months to 3.3 sps at 96 months. The 5th percentile increased from 2.3 to 3.1 sps over the same age range. Using 3.2 sps as a benchmark for adultlike speech, we found the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles reached adultlike rates at 99, 75, and 53 months, respectively.Conclusions: Articulation rate increases from early childhood into middle childhood, and it is generally adultlike by 10 years of age. Variability in articulation rate among typical children was substantial. Implications for prior research and for clinical usage are discussed.
The “Big Two” and Socially Induced Emotions: Agency and Communion Jointly Influence Emotional Contagion and Emotional Mimicry
Authors: Wróbel Monika , Piórkowska Magda , Rzeczkowska Maja , Troszczyńska Adrianna , Tołopiło Aleksandra , Olszanowski Michal
Published: June 2021

Three studies investigated the effects of two fundamental dimensions of social perception on emotional contagion (i.e., the transfer of emotions between people). Rooting our hypotheses in the Dual Perspective Model of Agency and Communion (Abele & Wojciszke, 2014), we predicted that agency would strengthen the effects of communion on emotional contagion and emotional mimicry (a process often considered a key mechanism behind emotional contagion). To test this hypothesis, we exposed participants to happy, sad, and angry senders characterized by low vs. high communion and agency. Our results demonstrated that, as expected, the effects of the two dimensions on socially induced emotions were interactive. The strength and direction of these effects, however, were consistent with our predictions only when the senders expressed happiness. When the senders expressed sadness, we found no effects of agency or communion on participants’ emotional responses, whereas for anger a mixed pattern emerged. Overall, our results align with the notion that emotional contagion and mimicry are modulated not only by the senders’ traits but also by the social meaning of the expressed emotion.
Do We See Scale?
Authors: Linton Paul
Published: June 2021

In my final post I consider whether all our visual cues to scale function at the level of cognition rather than vision, and the kind of theory that ‘vision without scale’ would imply.
Day-long mobile audio recordings reveal multi-timescale dynamics in infant vocal productions and auditory experiences
Authors: Warlaumont Anne S. , Sobowale Kunmi , Fausey Caitlin M.
Published: June 2021

The sounds of human infancy—baby babbling, adult talking, lullaby singing, and more—fluctuate over time. Infant-friendly wearable audio recorders can now capture very large quantities of these sounds throughout infants’ everyday lives at home. Here, we review recent discoveries about how infants’ soundscapes are organized over the course of a day based on analyses designed to detect patterns at multiple timescales. Analyses of infants’ day-long audio have revealed that everyday vocalizations are clustered hierarchically in time, vocal explorations are consistent with foraging dynamics, and musical tunes are distributed such that some are much more available than others. This approach focusing on the multi-scale distributions of sounds heard and produced by infants provides new, fundamental insights on human communication development from a complex systems perspective.
Effects of lightning as a disaster in Himalayan region
Authors: Adhikari P B , Adhikari A , Tiwari A K
Published: June 2021

In Nepal, the main disasters are floods, lightning, fire, epidemics, and landslides. Among the several disasters in the Himalayan region, lightning is an important one. Because of the short distance (about 160 km) between the low land and peak Mount Everest from South to North, there is a variation of about 950C temperature in these regions. The topographical features of the southern slopes and variation of temperature within this short distance influences the features of lightning and in this scenario, we get the positive cloud to ground lightning frequently which is more dangerous for human beings, animals, and property. In the Himalayan region, thunderstorms occur near the mountains due to which more positive charge can easily transfer from cloud to ground. Hence positive lightning occurs in the Himalayan region. The majority of the lightning-affected people are unaware of lightning safety and they should know the measures to protect life and property from lightning hazards. Hence by conducting awareness programs for the people of potential hazard areas, the number of injured people can be reduced as well as electrical, medical, military equipment can be somewhat protected from lightning.

BIBECHANA 18 (2) (2021) 116-128
Radon study around earthquake affected areas of Nepal
Authors: Rijal Bipin , Silwal Nigam S. , Chaudhary Govinda , Shrestha Pitamber , Shah Buddha R.
Published: June 2021

Indoor radon concentrations were measured in dwellings of the earthquake-affected areas of Kathmandu valley, Gorkha, and Sindhupalchowk districts of Nepal using passive radon dosimeter LR115, a Solid State Nuclear Track Detector, SSNTD. The radon concentrations in dwellings of Kathmandu valley ranged from 11±6 Bq/m3 to 135±26 Bq/m3 with a mean of 67.63 Bq/m3. For  Gorkha, it ranged from 18±7 Bq/m3 to 363±65 Bq/m3 with an average of 104.64 Bq/m3 while minimum, maximum and average radon concentrations for Sindhupalchowk were 14±6 Bq/m3, 397±71 Bq/m3, and 78.46 Bq/m3 respectively. The average annual effective dose to the inhabitants of Kathmandu valley, Gorkha, and Sindhupalchowk districts was calculated as 1.46 mSv/y, 2.26 mSv/y, and 1.69 mSv/y respectively. These annual doses were well below the action level of 10 mSv/y recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection which implies no significant radiological health hazards. Also, Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk and Lungs Cancer Cases per year per million people were determined.

BIBECHANA 18 (2) (2021) 61-67
Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and antibacterial efficacy of methanol and hexane extract of Centella asiatica
Authors: Pokhrel Shanta , Neupane Prabha
Published: June 2021

Centella asiatica is well known for its anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, analgesic, diuretic properties. Its hexane and methanol extracts were screened for the presence of phytoconstituents as well as their antibacterial and antioxidant activity. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrate, glycosides, flavonoids, phenolic compound, alkaloids, and saponin. The methanol extract showed more effective antibacterial activity against salmonella typhi. Antioxidant activity of methanol extract was evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity showed potent antioxidant activities with IC50 value 3.74 μg/mL slightly higher than standard ascorbic acid (IC50 = 2.576 μg/mL). The present study indicates that the tested plant can be an important source of antibacterial agents and recommends that the active phytoconstituents be isolated, identified, and screened individually for activities and also subjected further for in vivo and toxicological studies.

BIBECHANA 18 (2) (2021) 18-25
Distribution of dust properties around carbon rich AGB star: IRAS 04427+4951 using IRIS and AKARI survey
Authors: Upadhyay Devendra Raj , Subedi Trishna
Published: June 2021

Interstellar dust properties using far-infrared bands analyze nature around asymptotic giant branch stars and stellar objects. Here, we present physical properties around the cavity region across an AGB star named IRAS 04427+4951 Sky View Observatory of IRIS, AKARI map, SIMBAD, Aladin v2.5, and Gaia Archive. The average color temperature and mass are 23.48 ± 0.009 K, 3.55×1027 kg (1.79× 10-3 Mʘ ) in IRIS data and 14.89 ± 0.004 K and 5.34×1028 kg (2.69 × 10-2 Mʘ ) from AKARI data. The size of isolated cavity-like structure around the AGB stars of 45.67 pc × 17.02 pc and 42.25 pc × 17.76 pc, respectively. The visual extinction is to be in the range of 3.2×10-4 to 4.3×10-4 mag in and 4.5 × 10-3 to 7.4×10-3 mag. The inclination angle is 86.150 and 93.920. The method and results we present developed can for the study of astrochemistry of interstellar medium.

BIBECHANA 18 (2) (2021) 154-163
Descriptive analysis of COVID-19 death at Patan Academy of Health Sciences
Authors: Shrestha Ashis , Bajracharya Sumana , Sharma Rajiv , Chhetri Budhathoki Arpana
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19 ) pandemic has led to infection and deaths worldwide. The clinical and laboratory findings at presentation to emergency can provide clue for deaths. This study aims to analyze COVID-19 deaths, and clinical-laboratory findings at presentation.

Method: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Science, Lalitpur, Nepal to analyze mortality due to COVID-19 during the year 2020. The study describes the clinical presentation, laboratory parameters at the time of presentation to the emergency department and clinical course during hospital stay.

Result: Among 133 COVID-19 deaths analyzed, the median age was 61y (2d to 91y), males 73(54.9%), hypertension in 34(25.6%), 104(78.1%) had shortness of breath, 70(52.6%) fever and 34(25.6%) had cough on presentation. Median oxygen saturation on arrival was 77%, all 133(100%) required oxygen. Oxygen requirement at admission, ferritin (median 603 mcg/L), C- Reactive protein (median CRP 89.5 mg/) and lactate dehydrogenase (median LDH, 432 u/L) were not significantly correlated with duration of disease or hospital/ICU stay. Median duration of disease was 10d, hospital stay 8d and ICU stay 3d. COVID-19 deaths occurred due to respiratory failure in 105(78.9%).

Conclusion: COVID-19 deaths were due to respiratory failure in 2/3rd (78.9% of 133), more in middle age (>46y) males with comorbidities, commonly hypertension. Abnormal vital signs, elevated CRP, ferritin, LDH, were seen in COVID-19 deaths. Oxygen requirement at admission was not correlated with duration of disease, or hospital/ICU stay.
Barrier of early initiation of breastfeeding among postnatal mothers
Authors: Shakya Nona , Shakya Mana Maya
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Early initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of birth decreases infant morbidity and mortality, and it helps promote exclusive breastfeeding. Despite the benefits of early initiation of breastfeeding, the practice is far from adequate. We aim to identify the barriers to the early initiation of breastfeeding among postnatal mothers.

Method: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out among the postnatal ward of Manipal Teaching Hospital from 1 June to 30 August 2017. Consecutive sampling was used. Ethical permission was obtained. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire, including demographics of mother and infant, and time of initiation of feeding. SPSS was used for descriptive analysis of demographics, and the association of factors for the initiation of early breastfeeding was analyzed to draw the inference.

Result: Out of 244 postnatal mothers, the early initiation of breastfeeding was done by 19.7%, and 82.4% provided prelacteal feeds of infant formula. Delayed breastfeeding was associated with caesarean section (OR: 21.99; 95% CI 5.55-87.03), prelacteal feeding (OR: 7.49; 95% CI 2.72-20.66), and lack of antenatal checkup visit (OR: 7.38; 95% CI 2.3-23.73).

Conclusion: Early initiation of breastfeeding was low (19.7%) in postnatal mothers, with barriers to breastfeeding identified as caesarean delivery, prelacteal feeding, lack of antenatal checkup visits.
The effect of culture conditions for the mycelium growth of Phillenus linteus
Authors:   Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Nguyen Van Giang , Nguyen Thi Bich Thuy ,   Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Vu Thi Khanh Linh ,   Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Nguyen Duy Trinh ,   Agricultural Genetics Institute, Tran Thu Ha ,   Agricultural Genetics Institute
Published: June 2021

Phellinus linteus(Berk. & Curt.) Teng mushroom belonging to the genus Phellinusspp., has high medicinal value. This study was carried out with the aim to evaluate the effects of carbon, nitrogen sources, pH, and temperature on the mycelial growth of the P. linteusstrain. The experimental results showed that glucose and casein with concentrations of 2.0 and 0.2% respectively are identified as the most suitable carbon and nitrogen nutrient sources forP. linteus. Conversely, the mycelia of P. linteusare not able to grow on the urea media. Mycelium of P. linteus growths well at 7-10 pH and temperature at 30oC. When mycelia are incubated in these conditions, the rate of mycelial growth of P. linteus reaches 5.0 mm/day with thick density even distribution, and adherence to the substrate firmly.
PEMBERDAYAAN PONDOK PESANTREN & PANTI ASUHAN AL-MUKMIN DI PONJONG GUNUNG KIDUL
Authors: Wahyurini Endah , Widjanarko Hendro
Published: June 2021

Pondok Pesantrean & Orphanage of Al-Mukmin Ponjong Gunung Kidul has problems in entrepreneurship learning for cottage children. Community service is aimed at providing skills to the orphanage children as well as increasing the orphanage's income. The activities carried out are planting herbal plants in critical land, herbal production, and marketing herbal products. The methods implemented are training, provision of agricultural and production facilities, production and marketing assistance. The results that are felt are the increased knowledge and skills of the orphanage in managing the business as well as cottage income to finance learning activities.
PENGEMBANGAN BUDIDAYA PORANG DI LAHAN BAWAH TEGAKAN POHON DI DESA PACAREJO, KECAMATAN SEMANU, KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL
Authors: Ps Sumarwoto , Padmini Oktavia S. , Puspitaningrum Dwi Aulia
Published: June 2021

Pacarejo Village in Semanu District Gunung Kidul Regency is a village where is still a lots of potential lands under Tree forest stands.  Land Proverties taht belonging of  Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta  (UPNVYK) located in this place. It is available to cultivate Porang stalk. Porang is going to growing well, if there are shading plants, in the form of stands.There are still capable of about 50 percent light. The land in Pacarejo Village is overgrown with teak, sonokeling, mahony and sengon trees. It is rich and get benefits apart from the timber, soo the land underneath can be used for plant that can provide yields well. In other hand, this activities provide economic added value to the community around the forest and get the better welfare. This Community servises activity aims to cultivate land, including UPNVYK land which has not been utilized as well as to be used as a forum for education for the community and can obtain additional results, thereby improving the local community's economy. The program dedicated to improve the commnunity empowerment. In program implementation, we conduct with communities approach methode. It was carried out using the RRA (Rapid Rural Approach) and PRA (Participatory Rural Approach) methods, which are the  philosophy  model to close the village community deeply. All of Activities have been doing by Focus Group Discussion (FGD), get the extention to the community, dissemination commodities of Porang and its benefits of commodities.  The program are cultivate land with Porang and make the derivative product after harvest handling. To get the ideal of the program, to be done through scheduled mentoring,  implementation of technology, controlling and monitoring. The application of the method, in the form of activities by presenting a "demplot" of Porang cultivation and assistance properly and correctly. It is able to carry out the cultivated of post-harvest handling and calculated  revenue to be get economical benefit. The results of the activities showed that the program is useful and able to get the   land use optimal and the end of the program will increase household community income.
Evaluation And Optimization Production Of Low Permeability Carbonate Reservoir By Hydraulic Fracturing In “Jaso Field”
Authors: Sodi Jakfar , Ratnaningsih Dyah Rini , Kristanto Dedy
Published: June 2021

“Jaso field” is located the South Sumatra basin, Indonesia. The lithology of this field is dominated by limestone / carbonate reservoirs with varying permeability (low / tight to high / porous). Acid Fracturing stimulation has been applied to develop this field, because in ideal conditions (with the solubility test between acid and formation > 80%) wormholes will be made in the formation to increase reservoir conductivity and productivity. However, in the Jaso oil field, in some special cases, acid injection did not provide satisfactory results for increasing well conductivity and productivity.In this thesis, we conduct research and evaluation of wells in Jaso field. For example: JS-28, JS-11 and JS-40 are oil wells in the Jaso field with low / narrow reservoir permeability and production rates. Stimulation has been carried out in the JS-28 well, but the results are still below the acid expectation even though the intermediate solubility test (solubility test) is more than 88%.Hydraulic Fracturing with the sandfracturing method (injecting sand proppant with high pressure and exceeding the gradient fracture) has been successfully applied to three wells in the Jaso Field by increasing the oil production rate by more than 100 bopd per well. With this case study, we find that the application of hydraulic fracturing (sandfracturing) with thrusters is not limited to sandstone / sandstone reservoirs, but that this method can be successfully applied to increase the conductivity and productivity of carbonate reservoirs (in special cases) taking into account several parameters of integrity. reservoir wells and characteristics.
Reflections
Authors: Ftacek Julia
Published: June 2021

For the past several decades, scholars have examined the queer identities and sexual practices in eighteenth-century materials. However, queer and non-normative gender has been less frequently researched, even within the body of scholarship devoted to queer eighteenth-century studies. Scholars often take at face value the period’s gender norms, thereby suppressing the fact of a transgender eighteenth century. In this essay, I offer examples, from the Chevalier d’Eon to Lord Byron, that foreground the transgender qualities present in many materials of that time. I call on scholars to recognize the ways our field has inherited the period’s own normative views on queer gender expressions.
Automated Filament Winding Systems
Authors: Green John E.
Published: June 2021

This chapter reviews the development of filament winding systems and the automated processes used in state-of-the-art filament winding facilities. It first provides a description on the early stages of modern filament winding, followed by brief information on the advances of filament winding in the computer age. Then, the chapter discusses the requirements for filament winding in manufacturing oil and gas industry components and in high-volume production of sporting goods, propane tanks, and curing ovens. The chapter concludes with examples of the versatility of filament winding in producing complex parts.
ARE THE MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES WITH TOURISM PRICE INDICES IN THE PURCHASING POWER PARITY ZONE?
Authors:   University of Maribor, Faculty of Economics and Business, Razlagova 14, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia, Bekő Jani , Boršič Darja ,   University of Maribor, Faculty of Economics and Business, Razlagova 14, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
Published: June 2021

This chapter provides a detailed analysis of the validity of PPP for a cluster of 15 Mediterranean countries. The research has four original contributions. First, it uses two price indicators: a consumer price index for all items and a consumer price index for hotels and restaurants including catering and accommodation services. Second, it tests the exchange rate theory regarding two numeraire currencies. Third, due to the cyclicality of the tourism sector the study examines the significance of PPP by considering the impact of the Great Recession. Fourth, in order to test the mean reversion hypothesis, it uses a comprehensive set of panel unit root tests. The authors provide ample estimates in favour of PPP proposition. The evidence of mean reversion of real exchange rates is stronger (1) with price indices for hotels and restaurants, (2) in cases when the calculations are performed for EUR rates, and (3) for the post-Great Recession period.
OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES AND CITIZEN’S VIEWPOINT OF ECOTOURISM IN AZERBAIJAN: CASE STUDY OF SHAHDAG NATIONAL PARK
Authors:   Budapest Business School - University of Applied Sciences, H- 1054 Budapest, Alkotmány utca 9-11, Hungary, Asadov Ibrahim , Erdélyi Éva ,   Budapest Business School - University of Applied Sciences, H- 1054 Budapest, Alkotmány utca 9-11, Hungary
Published: June 2021

Growing dissatisfaction with mass tourism, ecotourism had become a major tool for achieving conservation and sustainable development goals by many developing countries by the mid. 1980s. Today, it is a major source of income for many developing countries across the world with being less destructive in the usage of natural resources than alternative economic sectors such as agriculture and logging. This study is concentrated on investigating and researching ecotourism within the context of national parks, more precisely within Shahdag National Park (SNP) of Azerbaijan. This study aims to find the existing gaps, disadvantages and challenges in the ecotourism system of SNP, identify the opinion and level of education of people of Azerbaijan about ecotourism and sustainability in general. To identify these, data were collected, and both quantitative and qualitative methods were implemented. Primary research included a questionnaire survey and interview. As the main result, it can be concluded that Shahdag National Park of Azerbaijan has immense ecotourism potential but this potential is not utilized to its fullest capacity.
ANALYSIS OF HEALTH TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA AND THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Authors:   University Educons, Vojvode Putnika bb, 21208 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia, Muhi Bela , Vemić Đurković Jelena ,   University Educons, Vojvode Putnika bb, 21208 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
Published: June 2021

Tourism is one of the most dynamic economic sectors, which is constantly evolving and differentiating. As a result of changing economic conditions and current social trends, the behavior of tourism participants who are looking for a more targeted and diverse offer is changing, which leads to the emergence of new and specific forms of tourism. One of these specific forms of tourism is health tourism. This paper aims to analyze tourism in Serbia and the Czech Republic with a special focus on health tourism. The Czech Republic has become one of the top health tourism destinations in Europe. On the other side in Serbia, health tourism has been in the process of development and internationalization in the past few years. In order to successfully develop health tourism, Serbia should follow the example and learn from developed countries in this field, and that is why this paper will describe good examples from the Czech Republic.
PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM: A BENCHMARKING SYSTEM OF THE SLOVENE AND CROATIAN HOTELS
Authors:   University of Primorska, Faculty of Tourism Studies – Turistica, Obala 11a, 6320 Portorož, Slovenia, Ivankovič Gordana , Jerman Mateja ,   University of Primorska, Faculty of Management, Cankarjeva 5, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
Published: June 2021

The paper presents a performance measurement system that was developed with the aim to provide a useful benchmarking tool for Slovene and Croatian hotels. Financial results of Slovene and Croatian hotels show that there is room for improvements. That is why the necessity to develop a performance measurement system emerged. The paper presents the development process of this performance measurement system and the theoretical background of selected measures that are included in the system. This system includes both financial and non-financial indicators of performance. Financial indicators are based on USALI standards for the lodging industry, while non-financial indicators were developed based on a literature review. Non-financial indicators include information about guests, employees, and corporate social responsibility. The presented performance measurement system enables hotels to analyse their financial performance on a daily level, while non-financial indicators can be evaluated on a monthly and annual basis.
CURRENT STATE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN TOURISM SECTOR OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Authors:   Glenfield Training and Consulting, Belgrade, Serbia, Marinović Matović Ivana , Pavlović Miloš ,   Belgrade Business and Arts Academy of Applied Studies, Belgrade; Faculty of Economics, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia, Dabetić Đorđe ,   Belgrade Business and Arts Academy of Applied Studies, Belgrade, Serbia
Published: June 2021

The paper evaluates the current state and the rise of social entrepreneurship in the Republic of Serbia, with an emphasis on the tourism sector. The first section of the paper presents the social entrepreneurship concept, as well as a brief analysis of the relevant economic and legal environment for social entrepreneurship development in the Republic of Serbia. The paper identifies the key factors influencing social entrepreneurship development in the tourism sector of the Republic of Serbia. The main specific objective of this paper is an affirmation of social entrepreneurship in the tourism sector, while at the same time presenting the significant role of the legal and economic framework for the development of social entrepreneurship in the tourism sector of the Republic of Serbia.
OPPORTUNITIES AND DIRECTIONS OF RURAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Authors:   University Union – Nikola Tesla, FPSP, Jurija Gagarina 149a, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia, Janković Milan , Jovanović Larisa ,   Alfa BK University, 3 Palmira Toljatija, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
Published: June 2021

Rural tourism is a specific form of tourism, in which the main motive is travel to ecologically clean landscapes and the return of man to his historical roots. Rural tourism was created based on preserving the nature of rural areas and cultural and historical identity. Rural tourism is considered a new form of modern tourism together with already developed conventional forms of tourism. Rural tourism can be considered a very important form of sustainable tourism. Modern global trends such as nature protection, health care, especially during a pandemic, staying in nature, as well as preserving and reviving local traditions, customs, cultural and historical events and manifestations have contributed to the development of rural tourism in the world. Rural tourism successfully incorporates all these elements into its offer, which is why more and more tourists travel to rural areas. Interest in rural tourism arises from the desire to escape from urban centers pressed by industrialization and man-made environmental pollution. At present, rural tourism is one of the potentially important segments of the tourist offer on the Serbian market. Rural tourism includes a large number of activities that take place in rural areas. However, its potential is only partially valorized through rural tourism operators located in the central and northern regions of Serbia, as well as Vojvodina. Given that financial problems are often an obstacle in the realization of most ideas, financial support is a necessary lever for the development of rural tourism and rural regions in general. EU funds can be a chance to achieve financial support for the improvement of development potentials, better promotion, networking of tour operators and the implementation of tourism projects.
THE IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT TOOLS IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
Authors:   Metropolitan University, FEFA Faculty, Zorana Djindjica 44, Belgrade, Serbia, Drašković Branka , Džunić Marija ,   Metropolitan University, FEFA Faculty, Zorana Djindjica 44, Belgrade, Serbia
Published: June 2021

The objective of this paper is to foreground the connection between human resources and crisis management in the tourism and hospitality industry, particularly in the implementation of various management tools for successful crisis strategy. One of the most significant sources of competitive advantage in organizations is allocated in human resources, their knowledge and skills, and the way they are used. Modern business conditions have created a dynamic environment that imposes the need to accept the changes flexibly. Whether it is a matter of sudden or gradual changes, as well as whether they are of a positive or negative character, each of them has implications that can result in a crisis. Therefore, the need to understand the crisis and the role of crisis management in the process of crisis prevention, management and overcoming, becomes a necessary element of any business system. Tourism represents one of the fastest-growing sectors in the world, but since it is vulnerable to various risks and crisis, developing an effective crisis management response, consisting of highly skilled people and the use of adequate crisis management tools, can significantly lower the negative impacts on this industry.
EFFECTS OF LEADERS-FOLLOWERS EXCHANGE (LMX) ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND TURNOVER INTENT IN HOSPITALITY AND PUBLIC SERVICES
Authors:   City Administration for Economy – City of Novi Sad, Rumenačka 110a, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, Vanić Tatjana , Stamenković Igor ,   Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, Gajić Tamara ,   Novi Sad School of Business, Vladimira Perića – Valtera 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: June 2021

Based on the specifics of the selected service sectors - hospitality and public, it is clear that the role of leaders significantly varies. Antecedents for achieving organizational and individual goals include a quality relationship between leaders and followers (supervisors and subordinates), making it possible for an organization to be functional and successful and employees satisfied at work. Although the concept of leadership is as old as human civilization, numerous multi-annual researches and thousands of studies have not yielded with a clear idea of what the leadership is and how best the organizational and individual goals could be achieved. This paper focuses on the effects of the quality of leaders - followers exchange to organizational commitment and turnover intent (intention to leave).
THE IMPACT OF TOURISM ON GDP GROWTH IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES
Authors:   Faculty of Economics in Subotica, University of Novi Sad, Segedinski put 9-11, 24000 Subotica, Serbia, Pjanić Miloš , Mitrašević Mirela ,   Faculty of Business Economics, University of East Sarajevo, Semberskih ratara, 76300 Bijeljina, the Republic of Srpska
Published: June 2021

Tourism represents one of the most important economic activities for the global economy. Over the last several decades, the tourism industry has been achieving substantial growth and development in the global market, as well as a positive direct and indirect impact on other economic activities. The paper aims to examine the connection between five tourism indicators and the growth of gross domestic product on the example of EU countries in the period from 2001 to 2019. The research included a total of six variables; the gross domestic product being the dependent variable, while the selected five tourism indicators were independent variables. The main aim of the paper is to determine which of the researched tourism indicators have a statistically significant impact on GDP growth. The empirical analysis is based on IBM SPSS linear mixed procedures. The main findings are that business tourism spending (BTS) and domestic tourism spending (DTS) can predict in a statistically significant and positive way the growth of the gross domestic product in European Union countries.
EFFECTIVE ACADEMIC ENGLISH COURSES IN TOURISM: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH AS A TOOL FOR SUCCESS
Authors:   University of National and World Economy, Student Town, 1700 Sofia, Bulgaria, Stefanova Albena , Zabunov Georgi ,   University of National and World Economy, Student Town, 1700 Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this chapter is to present an interdisciplinary approach to developing effective academic English courses in tourism. The authors propose to use the synergy of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) theory, Systemic-Structural Activity Theory (SSAT) and selected marketing techniques. Based on an analysis of the specialised literature, it is stated that the engagement of learners is a key factor for effective language learning. The possibilities for using adapted marketing techniques to increase engagement by increasing involvement are discussed in the chapter. The authors propose approaches for defining the target vocabulary and for increasing the motivation for learning based on the theory of ESP and SSAT.
РОЛЬ ГРАЖДАНСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВА В ДОСТИЖЕНИИ ЦЕЛЕЙ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ
Authors:   доктор философии по юридическим наукам (PhD), заведующий отделом гражданско-правовых и международно-правовых наук, а также международных организаций Института государства и права Узбекистана при Академии наук Узбекистана, Хамдамова Фируза
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the role of civil society in achieving the SDGs. The author notes that civil society institutions can play the role of initiators of social transformations, consultants, communicators, monitors and tools for strengthening partnerships both at the national and global levels, in the process of achieving the SDGs. At the same time, the article emphasizes the still insufficient level of civil society involvement in the achievement of the SDGs. The author provides an overview of the best practices in this area and makes proposals for activating civil society in the implementation of the SDGs. The goal is to determine the role and functions of civil society in achieving the SDGs, identify the main areas of activity, develop recommendations for enhancing the role of civil society in achieving the SDGs. Research methods - analysis of legal documents, review of best practices. Research results. - Civil society is a key partner in achieving all 17 sustainable development goals, but is not sufficiently involved in the processes of achieving the SDGs; - New forms of cooperation and interaction with civil society institutions should be introduced for their active involvement in the achievement of the SDGs; Conclusions. It is necessary to ensure the involvement of civil society institutions in all stages of the implementation of the SDGs - from the development of national action plans for achieving the SDGs to reporting. At the same time, it is important to strengthen the interaction not only between the state and the institutions of civil society, but the interaction between the institutions of civil society themselves, including through the creation of their coalitions.
SUSTAINABILITY OF THE COMPETITIVE POSITION OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE: EVALUATION AND FORECASTING OF POSSIBLE SCENARIOS
Authors: Nadiia Pylypenko  , Pylypenko Viacheslav
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of assessing and forecasting the stability of competitive positions of agricultural enterprises. The analysis of theoretical approaches to the definition of the studied categories is carried out. Based on the essence of the competitive position, a methodical approach to assessing the competitive position of an agricultural enterprise is substantiated: a method of comparing the rate of change of the main economic indicators of an agricultural enterprise and the industry as a whole is proposed. The article calculates the forecast values of the integrated stability index of the competitive position and its components using the method of exponential smoothing using the Brown-Mayer model, which allowed to assess the dynamics and trends of agricultural enterprise. A model is proposed, which can not only assess the level of competitive position of the enterprise, but also identify areas of change in the level of competitive position of the enterprise as a whole and in terms of individual components, develop conceptual frameworks for effective management decisions.
Role of community economic development based on mosque management in COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Siregar Muhammad Habibi
Published: June 2021

COVID-19 shocks are over the whole world, which disrupted almost all sectors of the economy. Many major financial institutions show a downfall and going into economic recession. All around the world, ordinary people are affected the most in this dire situation due to raised unemployment. Mosques can be considered a vital social institution in Indonesia and tend to cultivate prosperity and elevate economic activities. This research exposed the hidden potential of Mosques in Indonesia in economic development by describing the essential asset stored in them. It’s instrumental for the community to empower the asset because the management of mosques will give multi-effective players in terms of community engagement.
China’s Character in Peacekeeping in Africa: A Security and Strategic Concerns
Authors: Khan Assad Mehmood , Rahim Nazim , Muzaffar Mian Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Our globalized security and strategy are prone to multifaceted encounters moving its constancy. Rapid addition, technical progression, and general communal growth need partypolitical constancy. Thus, state aids in the direction of global security are vital and comfortable. China’s aids to US intermediation assignments have long-drawn-out radically during the last period, particularly the African.China wants to make available the worldwide public with a new global building, with the final goal of maintainable peace and growth via an active appointment in mediation projects. This object will amount China’s assembly in United Mediation assignments and, based on latest information, find out why most of its mediation personnel are focused on the African soil. The research will also measure the tests and subjects confronted by Chinese workers both on African soil and the global arena. The article concludes China’s increasing role in international security and strategy concerns with insinuations on China-African relatives.
Preparing for the Future War: India and Pakistan's Changing Military Doctrines
Authors: Banbhan Ashfaque Ali , Abbas Hussain , Leghari Farooque Ahmed
Published: June 2021

India and Pakistan have been changing their military doctrines at a faster pace. Indians had been since long focused on the policy of preparing them to fight a full-fledged conventional war against Pakistan. It was the nuclearization of Pakistan that forced them to bring change into Indian military doctrine and focus on a limited war than a full-fledged one. This Indian military tilt pressurized Pakistan to fill the gap at the tactical by introducing low yield nuclear weapons in its arsenal. Furthermore, Indians being restricted to initiate limited war against Pakistan opted for the options of surgical strike and, when failed to gain the desired efforts against Pakistan, opted for airstrikes in 2019, which resulted in a severe crisis. There is still a lot to come in future and bring further changes into the military doctrines of the two countries. This qualitative research gives a detailed discussion on the changing military doctrine of India and Pakistan, adding the views of expert informants.
“Digital” Professions of the Information Specialist: Educational Prospects and Labor Market Requirements
Authors: Matvienko Oksana , Tsyvin Michael
Published: June 2021

The topicality of the study is caused to the contradiction that arises due to the separation of new types of information activities in the digital environment against the background of the uncertainty of the specialties that correspond to them and for which the training of higher education.
The purpose of the article is to substantiate the correlation between the qualification requirements for representatives of modern “digital” professions in the field of information and communication activities, namely, managers of web content and web community and the profile of educational standards for training on specialty 029 “Information, library and archival affairs “.
The scientific novelty of the study is to substantiate the compliance of professional tasks of specialists in web content management and web community to the competence parameters of educational standards of specialty 029 “Information, library and archival affairs”, the feasibility of developing educational programs for modern “digital” professions in within the specialty 029 “Information, library and archival affairs”.
Conclusions. Digitization of all spheres of public life leads to the emergence and formalization of new types of professional activities, including professions of web content managers and web community, for which the labor market-defined design of competencies can be provided through the training on the specialty 029 “Information, library and archival case”. The requirements for such specialists have information and communication, information and management, and social and communicative content and do not need special professional education in the field of computer science.
The normative content of education and competence, approved by the standards of higher education in the specialty 029 “Information, Library and Archival Affairs” (bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degrees), indicates their compliance with defined in the draft of the professional standard “Information Resource Specialist” objects of activity, labor functions and labor actions of representatives of modern “digital” professions – web content manager and web community manager.
Theoretical and Methodological Fundamentals of Internet Marketing Training in Specialty 029 “Information, Library and Archival Affairs”
Authors: Novalska Tetyana , Kasian Vladislav
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological foundations of educational innovation which is educational and professional program «Management of social and communication networks. Digital marketing», specialty 029 «Information, Library and Archival Affairs».
The research methodology is based on a set of general scientific methods of generalization, systematization and forecasting. Hypothetical analysis made it possible to develop to identify the basic concepts that outline the theoretical and methodological platform for training Digital marketers in the specialty «Information, Library and Archival Affairs».
The scientific noveltyof the study is that in the dynamics of professional diversity of information activities and proposals for new specializations within the specialty «Information, Library and Archival Affairs» outlines the main approaches to the theoretical and methodological platform for Digital marketers and identifies basic concepts that allow building a professional model of Digital marketer in the specialty 029 «Information, Library and Archival Affairs». Such concepts define social and information communications and management of document and information resources (information management).
Conclusions. The main concepts of the theoretical and methodological platform of educational innovation for the training of Digital marketers in the specialty «Information, Library and Archival Affairs» are social and communication technologies and management of document and information resources (information management). Tasks of marketing activities of a specialist in social information communications in the specialty 029 «Information, Library and Archival Affairs» are in the problem field of social communication activities, include marketing in the field of nonprofit organizations, government, charities, libraries, archives, museums, etc. The theoretical content of the subject area of Internet marketing is consistent with the Standard of Higher Education in «Information, Library and Archival Affairs» and corresponds to the conceptual foundations of the subject area of management of document and information resources (information management). The proposed version of the theoretical and methodological platform of educational innovation – training of Digital marketers in the specialty «Information, Library and Archival Affairs» – is able to enrich, modify and refine in the development of scientific knowledge and empirical base in this subject area.