bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pesticide risk constraints to achieving Sustainable Development Goals in China based on national modeling
Authors: Zhang Ziqi , Yan Xiaoman , Jones Kevin C. , Jiao Cong , Sun Cheng , Liu Yong , Zhu Ying , Zhang Qianqian , Zhai Limei , Shen Zhenyao , Chen Lei
Published: November 2022

Pesticides applied worldwide to meet food demand is recognized as a key threat to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations. Studies on pesticide risks employ different ingredients, methods or specific environments, which makes it difficult to quantify the scale of the problem. Furthermore, the complex influences and hotspots of long-term pesticide usage remain unclear. Herein, we present a national-scale study of four typical pesticides in China, the world’s largest pesticide user. The spatiotemporal changes in legacy and risk of pesticides over 30 years were analyzed using a modified fugacity model approach coupled with comprehensive ingredient database. Pesticide risk in mainland China might last until 2075 due to the previous legacy, although the usage has declined since 2014. The use of target pesticides was estimated as 2.38 × 105 tonnes in 2017, and about 6.59 × 103 tonnes discharged into the ocean from major basins. Risk areas expanded from 47% in 1991 to 79% in 2017, with 30% at high risk. Of the risk areas, 31% were highly populated while 3% had high biodiversity. 7% of mainland China suffered from both limited water resource and high pesticide risk. It is shown that the improper substitution with lower toxicity pesticides would make the proportion of high-risk regions unexpectedly increased from 18% to 44% due to the longer half-lives of the alternatives. Pesticides pose risks to environmental and human health, and the tailored assessment tool will be vital in contributing towards future pesticide management and meeting sustainability targets in China.
AAA+ protease-adaptor structures reveal altered conformations and ring specialization
Authors: Kim Sora , Fei Xue , Sauer Robert T. , Baker Tania A.
Published: November 2022

ClpAP, a two-ring AAA+ protease, degrades N-end-rule proteins bound by the ClpS adaptor. Here we present high-resolution cryo-EM structures of Escherichia coli ClpAPS complexes, showing how ClpA pore loops interact with the ClpS N-terminal extension (NTE), which is normally intrinsically disordered. In two classes, the NTE is bound by a spiral of pore-1 and pore-2 loops in a manner similar to substrate-polypeptide binding by many AAA+ unfoldases. Kinetic studies reveal that pore-2 loops of the ClpA D1 ring catalyze the protein remodeling required for substrate delivery by ClpS. In a third class, D2 pore-1 loops are rotated, tucked away from the channel and do not bind the NTE, demonstrating asymmetry in engagement by the D1 and D2 rings. These studies show additional structures and functions for key AAA+ elements. Pore-loop tucking may be used broadly by AAA+ unfoldases, for example, during enzyme pausing/unloading.
Reversible conduction failure in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Kim Sooyoung , Lee Eun Kyoung , Sohn Eunhee
Published: November 2022

Reversible conduction failure (RCF) has been documented in acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) and is considered a sign of nodopathy. Several reports of RCF in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) have suggested that it could be a manifestation of nodopathy. We conducted this study to determine the frequency of RCF in AMAN and AIDP and to compare the clinical features between the two groups with or without RCF. RCF was observed in 38.9% and 18.5% patients in the AMAN and AIDP groups in our study, respectively. AIDP patients with anti-ganglioside antibodies represented 29.4% of the cohort. The clinical features of AIDP with RCF were more similar to those of AMAN with RCF than to those of typical AIDP. However, there were no significant differences in the frequency of anti-ganglioside antibody status between the groups. AIDP with RCF may be a manifestation of nodopathy. The current dichotomous electrodiagnostic criteria, classifying demyelinating and axonal neuropathy, are insufficient to define nodopathy. Further studies are required to revise the electrodiagnostic criteria for Guillain–Barré syndrome.
Butyrate reduces cellular magnesium absorption independently of metabolic regulation in Caco-2 human colon cells
Authors: Gommers Lisanne M. M. , Leermakers Pieter A. , van der Wijst Jenny , Roig Sara R. , Adella Anastasia , van de Wal Melissa A. E. , Bindels René J. M. , de Baaij Jeroen H. F. , Hoenderop Joost G. J.
Published: November 2022

Digestion of dietary fibers by gut bacteria has been shown to stimulate intestinal mineral absorption [e.g., calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+)]. Although it has been suggested that local pH and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations determine divalent cation absorption, the exact molecular mechanisms are still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of SCFAs on intestinal Mg2+ absorption. We show that the butyrate concentration in the colon negatively correlates with serum Mg2+ levels in wildtype mice. Moreover, Na-butyrate significantly inhibited Mg2+ uptake in Caco-2 cells, while Ca2+ uptake was unaffected. Although Na-butyrate significantly lowered total ATP production rate, and resulted in increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibition of Mg2+ uptake by butyrate preceded these consequences. Importantly, electrophysiological examinations demonstrated that intracellular butyrate directly reduced the activity of the heteromeric Mg2+ channel complex, transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM)6/7. Blocking cellular butyrate uptake prevented its inhibitory effect on Mg2+ uptake, demonstrating that butyrate acts intracellularly. Our work identified butyrate as novel regulator of intestinal Mg2+ uptake that works independently from metabolic regulation. This finding further highlights the role of microbial fermentation in the regulation of mineral absorption.
Familial history and prevalence of BRCA1, BRCA2 and TP53 pathogenic variants in HBOC Brazilian patients from a public healthcare service
Authors: Matta Bruna Palma , Gomes Renan , Mattos Daniel , Olicio Renata , Nascimento Caroline Macedo , Ferreira Gerson Moura , Brant Ayslan Castro , Boroni Mariana , Furtado Carolina , Lima Valdirene , Moreira Miguel Ângelo Martins , dos Santos Anna Cláudia Evangelista
Published: November 2022

Several studies have demonstrated the cost-effectiveness of genetic testing for surveillance and treatment of carriers of germline pathogenic variants associated with hereditary breast/ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC). In Brazil, seventy percent of the population is assisted by the public Unified Health System (SUS), where genetic testing is still unavailable. And few studies were performed regarding the prevalence of HBOC pathogenic variants in this context. Here, we estimated the prevalence of germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1, BRCA2 and TP53 genes in Brazilian patients suspected of HBOC and referred to public healthcare service. Predictive power of risk prediction models for detecting mutation carriers was also evaluated. We found that 41 out of 257 tested patients (15.9%) were carriers of pathogenic variants in the analyzed genes. Most frequent pathogenic variant was the founder Brazilian mutation TP53 c.1010G > A (p.Arg337His), adding to the accumulated evidence that supports inclusion of TP53 in routine testing of Brazilian HBOC patients. Surprisingly, BRCA1 c.5266dupC (p.Gln1756fs), a frequently reported pathogenic variant in Brazilian HBOC patients, was not observed. Regarding the use of predictive models, we found that familial history of cancer might be used to improve selection or prioritization of patients for genetic testing, especially in a context of limited resources.
The moderating role of physical fitness in the relationship between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and adiposity in schoolchildren
Authors: López-Gil José Francisco , Cavero-Redondo Iván , Sánchez-López Mairena , Martínez-Hortelano José Alberto , Berlanga-Macias Carlos , Soriano-Cano Alba , Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente
Published: November 2022

The mediating and moderating associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and handgrip strength on the association between dietary patterns and several health outcomes have been previously studied. For instance, handgrip strength has been found as a moderator of the relationship between excess weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults. Similarly, CRF has been shown as a mediator of the association between diet and obesity in children. However, to our knowledge, the role of CRF and handgrip strength on the association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and adiposity is still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether CRF and handgrip strength moderate the association between SSB consumption and adiposity in a population-based sample of Spanish schoolchildren. This cross-sectional study involved 475 schoolchildren (52.0% girls), aged 8–12, from ten schools in Cuenca (Spain). Adiposity was determined as body fat (in kg), which was measured using a bioimpedance analysis system. Data on SSB consumption were gathered by using the Children’s Eating Habits Questionnaire, which was completed by parents. The CRF level was determined by the 20-m Shuttle Run test and Nevill’s curvilinear allometric model. Handgrip strength was determined using a digital dynamometer with adjustable grip. For each unit (in ml/kg/min) of CRF increased, the association between SSB consumption and adiposity was moderated (B = − 0.09, CI 95% − 0.14 to − 0.04). This significant moderation was also found for each 0.01 unit of increased normalized handgrip strength (B = − 0.07; CI 95% − 0.11 to − 0.02). Similarly, the Johnson-Neymann technique established three different regions. The first region shows that the association of SSB consumption on adiposity in participants who had levels of CRF < 43.4 ml/kg/min or handgrip strength < 0.34 was greater and statistically significant. The second region (43.4–57.4 ml/kg/min for CRF; 0.34–0.58 for normalized handgrip strength) depicted that the association between SSB consumption and adiposity was not statistically significant in those with a CRF level or normalized handgrip strength between the lower and upper thresholds. The third region was found at > 57.4 ml/kg/min (for CRF level) and > 0.58 (for normalized handgrip strength), indicating that the association between SSB consumption and adiposity was lower and statistically significant in children above these moderator values. Our results showed that certain levels of CRF and normalized handgrip strength moderate the association between SSB consumption and adiposity in a sample of Spanish schoolchildren. It might be possible that higher physical fitness level in childhood may contribute to reducing the association between SSB consumption and adiposity.
Glycosylated clusterin species facilitate Aβ toxicity in human neurons
Authors: Foster Evangeline M. , Fernandes Marco , Dangla-Valls Adria , Hublitz Philip , Pangalos Menelaos , Lovestone Simon , Ribe Elena M. , Buckley Noel J.
Published: November 2022

Clusterin (CLU) is one of the most significant genetic risk factors for late onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the mechanisms by which CLU contributes to AD development and pathogenesis remain unclear. Studies have demonstrated that the trafficking and localisation of glycosylated CLU proteins is altered by CLU-AD mutations and amyloid-β (Aβ), which may contribute to AD pathogenesis. However, the roles of non-glycosylated and glycosylated CLU proteins in mediating Aβ toxicity have not been studied in human neurons. iPSCs with altered CLU trafficking were generated following the removal of CLU exon 2 by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Neurons were generated from control (CTR) and exon 2 −/− edited iPSCs and were incubated with aggregated Aβ peptides. Aβ induced changes in cell death and neurite length were quantified to determine if altered CLU protein trafficking influenced neuronal sensitivity to Aβ. Finally, RNA-Seq analysis was performed to identify key transcriptomic differences between CLU exon 2  −/− and CTR neurons. The removal of CLU exon 2, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-signal peptide located within, abolished the presence of glycosylated CLU and increased the abundance of intracellular, non-glycosylated CLU. While non-glycosylated CLU levels were unaltered by Aβ25–35 treatment, the trafficking of glycosylated CLU was altered in control but not exon 2  −/− neurons. The latter also displayed partial protection against Aβ-induced cell death and neurite retraction. Transcriptome analysis identified downregulation of multiple extracellular matrix (ECM) related genes in exon 2  −/− neurons, potentially contributing to their reduced sensitivity to Aβ toxicity. This study identifies a crucial role of glycosylated CLU in facilitating Aβ toxicity in human neurons. The loss of these proteins reduced both, cell death and neurite damage, two key consequences of Aβ toxicity identified in the AD brain. Strikingly, transcriptomic differences between exon 2  −/− and control neurons were small, but a significant and consistent downregulation of ECM genes and pathways was identified in exon 2  −/− neurons. This may contribute to the reduced sensitivity of these neurons to Aβ, providing new mechanistic insights into Aβ pathologies and therapeutic targets for AD.
Fragmentation by major dams and implications for the future viability of platypus populations
Authors: Mijangos Jose L. , Bino Gilad , Hawke Tahneal , Kolomyjec Stephen H. , Kingsford Richard T. , Sidhu Harvinder , Grant Tom , Day Jenna , Dias Kimberly N. , Gongora Jaime , Sherwin William B.
Published: November 2022

The evolutionarily unique platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) has experienced major declines and extinctions from a range of historical and recent interacting human-mediated threats. Although spending most of their time in the water, platypuses can move over land. Nevertheless, uncertainties remain whether dams are barriers to movement, thus limiting gene flow and dispersal, essential to evolution and ecology. Here we examined disruption of gene flow between platypus groups below and above five major dams, matched to four adjacent rivers without major dams. Genetic differentiation (FST) across dams was 4- to 20-fold higher than along similar stretches of adjacent undammed rivers; FST across dams was similar to differentiation between adjacent river systems. This indicates that major dams represent major barriers for platypus movements. Furthermore, FST between groups was correlated with the year in which the dam was built, increasing by 0.011 every generation, reflecting the effects of these barriers on platypus genetics. This study provides evidence of gene flow restriction, which jeopardises the long-term viability of platypus populations when groups are fragmented by major dams. Mitigation strategies, such as building of by-pass structures and translocation between upstream and downstream of the dam, should be considered in conservation and management planning.
SARS-CoV-2 spike opening dynamics and energetics reveal the individual roles of glycans and their collective impact
Authors: Pang Yui Tik , Acharya Atanu , Lynch Diane L. , Pavlova Anna , Gumbart James C.
Published: November 2022

The trimeric spike (S) glycoprotein, which protrudes from the SARS-CoV-2 viral envelope, binds to human ACE2, initiated by at least one protomer’s receptor binding domain (RBD) switching from a "down” (closed) to an "up” (open) state. Here, we used large-scale molecular dynamics simulations and two-dimensional replica exchange umbrella sampling calculations with more than a thousand windows and an aggregate total of 160 μs of simulation to investigate this transition with and without glycans. We find that the glycosylated spike has a higher barrier to opening and also energetically favors the down state over the up state. Analysis of the S-protein opening pathway reveals that glycans at N165 and N122 interfere with hydrogen bonds between the RBD and the N-terminal domain in the up state, while glycans at N165 and N343 can stabilize both the down and up states. Finally, we estimate how epitope exposure for several known antibodies changes along the opening path. We find that the BD-368-2 antibody’s epitope is continuously exposed, explaining its high efficacy.
Blib is a multi-module simulation platform for genetics studies and intelligent breeding
Authors: Zhang Luyan , Li Huihui , Wang Jiankang
Published: November 2022

Simulation is an efficient approach for the investigation of theoretical and applied issues in population and quantitative genetics, and animal and plant breeding. In this study, we report a multi-module simulation platform called Blib, that is able to handle more complicated genetic effects and models than existing tools. Two derived data types are first defined in Blib, one to hold the required information on genetic models, and the other one to represent the genetics and breeding populations. A number of subroutines are then developed to perform specific tasks. Four case studies are present as examples to show the applications of Blib, i.e., genetic drift of multiple alleles in randomly mating populations, joint effects of neutral mutation and genetic drift, comparison of mass versus family selection, and choice of testers in hybrid breeding. Blib together with its application modules, has great potential to benefit theoretical genetic studies and intelligent breeding by simulating and predicting outcomes in a large number of scenarios, and identifying the best optimum selection and crossing schemes.
Extension of the short wavelength side of fluorescent proteins using hydrated chromophores, and its application
Authors: Sugiura Kazunori , Nagai Takeharu
Published: November 2022

To perform correlation analysis between different physiological parameters using fluorescent protein-based functional probes, diversification of wavelength properties of fluorescent proteins is underway. However, the shortest emission wavelength of fluorescent proteins has not been updated for more than 10 years. Here, we report the development of Sumire, a fluorescent protein emitting 414 nm violet fluorescence from a hydrated chromophore. The Sumire’s fluorescence property allows for the creation of FRET probes that can be used simultaneously with CFP-YFP based FRET probes for multi-parameter analysis.
Polymeric nanoparticles for dopamine and levodopa replacement in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Alabrahim Obaydah Abd Alkader , Azzazy Hassan Mohamed El-Said
Published: November 2022

This review focuses on the recent polymeric nanoparticulate drug delivery systems that have been exploited for dopamine and levodopa replacement in Parkinson's disease.
A unique physics-inspired deep-learning-based platform introducing a generalized tool for rapid optical-response prediction and parametric-optimization for all-dielectric metasurfaces
Authors: Noureen Sadia , Mehmood Muhammad Qasim , Ali Mohsen , Rehman Bacha , Zubair Muhammad , Massoud Yehia
Published: November 2022

Metasurfaces are composed of a two-dimensional array of carefully engineered subwavelength structures.
Radical cyclization of alkynyl aryl ketones for the synthesis of 3-seleno-substituted thiochromones and chromones
Authors: Bartz Ricardo H. , Silva Krigor B. , Peglow Thiago J. , Barcellos Angelita M. , Jacob Raquel G. , Lenardão Eder J. , Perin Gelson
Published: November 2022

Herein we present an alternative and transition-metal-free procedure to access 3-organoselanylthiochromones and 3-organoselanylchromones from the cyclization reaction between alkynyl aryl ketones and diorganyl diselenides promoted by Oxone®.
Common xanthene fluorescent dyes are visible-light activatable CO-releasing molecules
Authors: Martínek Marek , Ludvíková Lucie , Šranková Mária , Navrátil Rafael , Muchová Lucie , Huzlík Jiří , Vítek Libor , Klán Petr , Šebej Peter
Published: November 2022

Fluorescein, eosin and rose bengal, xanthene diagnostic dyes, are releasing carbon monoxide, formic and phthalic acids upon irradiation by visible light in aqueous media, previously unreported photolysis products.
CGP42112: the full AT2 receptor agonist and its role in the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system: no longer misunderstood
Authors: Restrepo Yazmin M. , Noto Natalia M. , Speth Robert C.
Published: November 2022

For years, the AT2R-selective ligand CGP42112 has been erroneously characterized as a partial agonist, partly due to its ability to also interact with the AT1R at high concentrations. As late as 2009, it was still being characterized as an antagonist as well. In this perspective/opinion piece, we try to resolve the ambiguity that surrounds the efficacy of this compound by extensively reviewing the literature, tracing its beginnings to 1989, showing that CGP42112 has never been convincingly shown to be a partial agonist or an antagonist at the AT2R. While CGP42112 is now routinely characterized as an AT2R agonist, regrettably, there is a paucity of studies that can validate its efficacy as a full agonist at the AT2R, leaving the door open for continuing speculation regarding the extent of its efficacy. Hopefully, the information presented in this perspective/opinion piece will firmly establish CGP42112 as a full agonist at the AT2R such that it can once again be used as a tool to study the AT2R.
Demand flexibility modelling for long term optimal distribution grid planning
Authors: Bødal Espen Flo , Lakshmanan Venkatachalam , Sperstad Iver Bakken , Degefa Merkebu Z. , Hanot Maxime , Ergun Hakan , Rossi Marco
Published: November 2022

Optimisation tools for long‐term grid planning considering flexibility resources require aggregated flexibility models that are not too computationally demanding or complex. Still, they should capture the operational benefits of flexibility sufficiently accurately for planning purposes. This article investigates the sufficiency of an aggregated flexibility model for planning tools by comparing it against a detailed flexibility model. Two different constraint formulations, namely based on recovery period and temporal proximity, were tested to account for post activation dynamics of flexibility resources. The results show that the recovery period based formulation results in excessive demand reduction. The proximity constraint formulation on the other hand results in realistic activation of flexibility resources, which represents an improvement over the base formulation without constraints for post activation dynamics. The results show how a too simple model of the operational behaviour of demand flexibility may overestimate its benefits as an alternative or supplement to grid investments.
Periodic template compensation phase feeding method for phased array antenna
Authors: Zhang Renli , Chen Nuo , Qiu Shuang , Sheng Weixing
Published: November 2022

To minimise the beam‐pointing error caused by the digital phase shifter in phased array antenna systems, a periodic template compensation (PTC) phase feeding algorithm is proposed in this study. In the PTC, the phase quantisation error period of the rounding method in the u‐v dimension is derived as Pu and Pv. Then, the beam‐pointing area is divided into multiple regions with a size of Pu × Pv. In the phase quantisation error period of {u,v}∈{[0,Pu), [0,Pv)}, a sequential phase feeding method is derived to minimise the beam‐pointing error and a compensation matrix template is constructed. The phase feeding code of the PTC is the summation of that of the rounding method and corresponding compensation vector selected periodically from the compensation matrix template. Simulation results show that the maximal beam‐pointing error of the PTC method is 26% of that of the rounding method for a 16 × 16 rectangular array. Azimuth measurement results from a phased array radar system verify the efficiency of the proposed method. Involving only integer multiplication, addition and shift processing, implementing the PTC algorithm in phased array systems is very easy.
Stellar ages, masses, extinctions, and orbital parameters based on spectroscopic parameters ofGaiaDR3
Authors: Kordopatis G. , Schultheis M. , McMillan P. J. , Palicio P. A. , de Laverny P. , Recio-Blanco A. , Creevey O. , Álvarez M. A. , Andrae R. , Poggio E. , Spitoni E. , Contursi G. , Zhao H. , Oreshina-Slezak I. , Ordenovic C. , Bijaoui A.
Published: November 2022

Context.Gaia’s third data release provides radial velocities for 33 million stars and spectroscopically derived atmospheric parameters for more than 5 million targets. When combined with the astrometric data, these allow us to derive orbital and stellar parameters that are key to understanding the stellar populations of the Milky Way and to perform Galactic archaeology.

Aims.We used the calibrated atmospheric parameters, 2MASS andGaia-EDR3 photometry, and parallax-based distances to compute the ages, initial stellar masses, and reddenings for the stars with spectroscopic parameters. We also derived the orbits for all of the stars with measured radial velocities and astrometry, adopting two sets of line-of-sight distances from the literature.

Methods.Four different sets of ages, masses, and absolute magnitudes in different photometric bands are obtained through an isochrone fitting method, considering different combinations of input parameters. The reddenings are obtained by comparing the observed colours with those obtained from the isochrone projection. Finally, the orbits are computed adopting an axisymmetric potential of the Galaxy.

Results.Comparisons with reference catalogues of field and cluster stars suggest that reliable ages are obtained for stars younger than 9–10 Gyr when the estimated relative age uncertainty is < 50 per cent. For older stars, ages tend to be underestimated. The most reliable stellar type for age determination are turn-off stars, even when the input atmospheric parameters have large uncertainties. Ages for giants and main-sequence stars are retrieved with uncertainties of the order of 2 Gyr when extinction towards the star’s line of sight is less thanAV ≲ 2.5 mag.

Conclusions.The catalogue of ages, initial stellar masses, reddenings, galactocentric positions and velocities, as well as the stellar orbital actions, eccentricities, apocentre, pericentre and maximum distance from the Galactic plane reached during their orbits, is made publicly available to be downloaded. With this catalogue, the full chemo-dynamical properties of the extended solar neighbourhood unfold and allow us to better identify the properties of the spiral arms, to parametrise the dynamical heating of the disc, and to thoroughly study the chemical enrichment of the Milky Way.
A multi-band study and exploration of the radio wave–γ-ray connection in 3C 84
Authors: Paraschos G. F. , Mpisketzis V. , Kim J.-Y. , Witzel G. , Krichbaum T. P. , Zensus J. A. , Gurwell M. A. , Lähteenmäki A. , Tornikoski M. , Kiehlmann S. , Readhead A. C. S.
Published: November 2022

Total intensity variability light curves offer a unique insight into the ongoing debate about the launching mechanism of jets. For this work, we utilised the availability of radio and γ-ray light curves over a few decades of the radio source 3C 84 (NGC 1275). We calculated the multi-band time-lags between the flares identified in the light curves via discrete cross-correlation and Gaussian process regression. We find that the jet particle and magnetic field energy densities are in equipartition (kr = 1.08 ± 0.18). The jet apex is located z91.5 GHz = 22−645 Rs (2 − 20 × 10−3 pc) upstream of the 3 mm radio core; at that position, the magnetic field amplitude is Bcore91.5 GHz = 3−10 G. Our results are in good agreement with earlier studies that utilised very-long-baseline interferometry. Furthermore, we investigated the temporal relation between the ejection of radio and γ-ray flares. Our results are in favour of the γ-ray emission being associated with the radio emission. We are able to tentatively connect the ejection of features identified at 43 and 86 GHz to prominent γ-ray flares. Finally, we computed the multiplicity parameter λ and the Michel magnetisation σM, and find that they are consistent with a jet launched by the Blandford & Znajek (1977, MNRAS, 179, 433) mechanism.
Vielfalt wertschätzen – Diversität in Schrift und Sprache
Authors: Rocktäschel Lucia Clara
Published: November 2022

Wer mit Menschen arbeitet, ist täglich mit gesellschaftlicher Vielfalt konfrontiert. Sich damit bewusst auseinanderzusetzen, hilft, Klient*innen die Unterstützung zu bieten, die ihrer Lebensrealität entspricht. Dazu gehört neben einer offenen Haltung auch eine Vielfalt wertschätzende Kommunikation.
Efficacy of the specialized scissor-type knife for gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection: a propensity score matched retrospective study
Authors: Tamari Hirosato , Oka Shiro , Kotachi Takahiro , Teshima Hajime , Mizuno Junichi , Fukuhara Motomitsu , Tanaka Hidenori , Tsuboi Akiyoshi , Yamashita Ken , Takigawa Hidehiko , Yuge Ryo , Urabe Yuji , Arihiro Koji , Tanaka Shinji
Published: November 2022

Background and study aims Prevention of bleeding and perforation during gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is important. Scissor-type knives can accurately grasp and incise the targeted tissue using electrosurgical currents, thereby eliminating unexpected incisions. The SB Knife GX, a scissor-type knife specialized for gastric ESD, was released in June 2016 in Japan. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of gastric ESD using the SB Knife GX.

Patients and methods A total of 716 patients who underwent gastric ESD at Hiroshima University Hospital between July 2016 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. From these, 671 patients underwent ESD using the IT Knife 2 (IT-2 group), while 45 underwent ESD using an SB Knife GX (SB-GX group). After propensity score matching, the procedure time, specimen size, en bloc and complete resection rates, and intraoperative bleeding, delayed bleeding, and perforation rates were evaluated.

Results No significant differences were observed in mean procedure time (SB-GX group: 115 ± 165 min; IT-2 group: 95 ± 61 min; P  = 0.82) and en bloc and complete resection rates between the two groups. Intraoperative bleeding rates were significantly lower in the SB-GX group than in the IT-2 group (18 % vs. 40 %; P  = 0.01), and there were no differences in delayed bleeding (4 % vs. 4 %) or perforation (0 % vs. 4 %) between the two groups.

Conclusions The SB Knife GX was proven to be useful for control of intraoperative bleeding during gastric ESD, although the procedure time tended to be longer.
Determining Clinically Meaningful Outcomes after Isolated Acetabuloplasty in the Context of Age and Arthritic Severity: A Retrospective Review of Prospectively Collected Data
Authors: Huyke-Hernández Fernando A. , Samagh Sanjum P. , Hassan Mahad M. , Tjong Vehniah K. , Terry Michael A.
Published: November 2022

Outcomes after isolated acetabuloplasty in mixed-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) patients can be favorable but are relatively unknown in the context of clinically important outcome variables (CIOVs) such as minimum clinically important difference and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS). Prognostic roles of age and osteoarthritis (OA) in hip arthroscopy are still unclear. We aimed to evaluate isolated acetabuloplasty outcomes including CIOVs while controlling for age and arthritis.

This was a retrospective review of prospectively collected data. We analyzed patients with available 1-year follow-up for Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scales for Physical Function (PF) and Pain Interference (PI). Patients were divided into two age groups (< 40 years old vs. ≥ 40 years old) and two Outerbridge arthritis grade groups (grade 0–I vs. grade II–IV). Demographic, radiographic, and surgical characteristics as well as revision surgeries and complications were extracted. Our outcome was the proportion of patients that achieved values over literature-reported CIOV thresholds for PROMIS-PF and PROMIS-PI.

A total of 63 patients of 96 eligible (65.6%) had minimum 1-year data. Characteristics were comparable between patients aged younger than 40 and 40 and over as well as between grade 0 to I and grade II to IV patients. Overall, average PROMIS-PF and PROMIS-PI scores improved. Approximately 81.0% of patients reached values over CIOV threshold (71.4% for PROMIS-PF, 54.0% for PROMIS-PI), with 44.4% reporting these outcomes for both PROMIS-PF and PROMIS-PI. Approximately 30.2% of patients reported values over PASS threshold for both PROMIS-PF and PROMIS-PI, with 25.4% of patients achieving values above all CIOV thresholds. Only one patient required revision surgery. When evaluating the effect of age while controlling for OA severity and vice versa, there were no significant outcome differences (p > 0.615). When comparing patients reporting values above CIOV threshold versus those that did not, there were no differences in age (41.2 ± 13.0 [37.7, 44.8] vs. 45.9 ± 13.2 [38.4, 53.4], p = 0.265) or Outerbridge grade distribution (p = 0.177).

This study uses CIOVs to describe clinically meaningful isolated acetabuloplasty outcomes for mixed-type FAI. Most patients over a wide spectrum of age and OA achieved favorable clinically meaningful outcomes following surgery. Isolated acetabuloplasty can alleviate symptomatology in mixed-type FAI patients on a case-by-case basis.
A Lagrangian analysis of partial cavitation growth and cavitation control mechanism
Authors: Wang Lu , Wang Pengzhong , Chang Zhirong , Huang Bin , Wu Dazhuan
Published: November 2022

Partial cavitation has a strong unsteadiness, which will cause serious damage to the hydraulic machinery. The spanwise obstacle is nearly the most efficient method for controlling unsteady cavitation. In this study, numerical simulations of partial cavitating flows around NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) 66 hydrofoils in two dimensions (2D) were carried out both with and without obstruction. The obstruction is placed at 0.37c, and its height is 0.1c. Utilizing the finite-time Lyapunov exponent, the Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs) were developed to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the unsteady flow. By showing the dynamic evolution of the Lagrangian behaviors, the time-dependent LCSs over the two different flows demonstrate the effectiveness of LCSs in explaining the evolution of the vortex during the partial cavitation process. With the use of LCSs, the vortex boundary and reentrant jet can be easily located, and the link between the vortexes can be readily seen. In the meantime, the vortex's origin and destination are shown by the stable and unstable manifolds, respectively. LCSs were then utilized to examine how the obstruction had an impact, and the following conclusions were reached. First, the obstruction can stop a portion of reentrant jets from passing through it. Second, the obstruction can curve the pathway of the reentrant jet, which has passed through it. Third, the obstruction prevents the cavity from flowing downstream. Finally, the obstruction continuously obliterates the expanding cavity across it. Simply said, the Lagrangian analysis based on LCSs provides a better understanding of the vortex dynamics than traditional visualization techniques, which is essential to understanding the great performance of the cavitation-induced unsteady flow.
A numerical study of the rapid deflagration-to-detonation transition
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Liang Jianhan , Deiterding Ralf , Cai Xiaodong , Zhang Lin
Published: November 2022

This paper describes numerically the rapid deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) in detail in a high-frequency pulse detonation rocket engine. Different from traditional DDT, reactants are injected into the chamber from near the open end and travel toward the closed end. Previous experiments have implied that the gasdynamic shock by injecting in a confined space and the intensive turbulence generated by the high-speed jet play important roles in the detonation initiation, but explanations of how, when, and where the detonation is generated were not presented clearly due to the limitation of experimental observation. In this work, high-resolution two-dimensional simulations are performed to investigate this process employing a physical model similar to the experimental configuration. A new mechanism manifesting itself as a complicated vortex–flame interaction is found for the flame transition from a laminar to compressible or choking regime. It is discovered that the gasdynamic shock, after reflecting from the end wall, triggers the detonation through the gradient of reactivity with the hot spot formed by the collision of the shock and the flame. A dimensionless criterion defined by the ratio of the acoustic speed to the inverse gradient of the ignition delay time is applied to further describe the spontaneous wave propagation from the perspective of chem-physical dynamics. This criterion quantitatively gives a good prediction of the propagating mode from the subsonic deflagration to a developing detonation, even in such a complex scenario as encountered in this work.
Air entrainment dynamics of aqueous polymeric droplets from dilute to semidilute unentangled regimes
Authors: He Ziwen , Tran Huy , Pack Min Y.
Published: November 2022

Recent studies have revealed the air-cushioning effect of droplet impact upon various surfaces and although pure water droplets have extensively been studied, the air entrainment dynamics for aqueous polymeric droplets was the focus of this study. Herein, droplets of low to moderate Weber numbers, We ∼ O(1−10), displayed air film thickness gradients which was strongly influenced by the viscoelastic properties of the aqueous polymeric droplets in the dilute to the semidilute unentangled regimes. Aqueous polyethylene oxide droplets impacting a smooth thin oil film surface formed a submicrometer air layer, moments prior to impact, which was tracked by a high-speed total internal reflection microscopy technique. The radial changes in the air film thickness were related to the polymer concentration, thus providing an alternative tool for comparing the rheometer-derived overlap concentrations with a contactless optical technique.
Older adults’ experiences of a community wellness program (Connect 60+) that focused on physical activity and social connections: a qualitative exploratory study
Authors: Weselman Tammy , Naseri Chiara , Vaz Sharmila , Beilby Janet , Garswood Luke , O’Connell Hilary , Hill Anne-Marie
Published: November 2022

Background Being physically active and socially connected is positively associated with healthy aging. Older adults living in the community may be at risk of social isolation and reduced physical activity, especially in recent times due to COVID-19. There are many programs that offer opportunities for evidence-based physical activity or social connection; however, there is a lack of programs that include both. The objective of this study was to explore the lived experience of older adults who participated in Connect 60+ – a program that promoted exercise and social activities – delivered from a community hub that could be attended either in person or online. Methods A qualitative study that used descriptive phenomenology was conducted. A purposive sample of 13 older adults (age ≥65 years) was recruited to take part in semistructured telephone interviews to discuss barriers and enablers to program engagement. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results The overarching theme was that participating in Connect 60+ was an enjoyable and encouraging experience for participants. The program enabled them to increase their physical activity and build social connections within their community. The main themes that enabled engagement were: (1) an enabling program design, (2) developing new connections in the community, and (3) experiencing motivation to engage. A few barriers were identified, including difficulties connecting online and lack of male attendance. Conclusions Wellness programs delivered in community hubs may facilitate older adults to increase their engagement in both physical and social activity. The program appeared to impact positively on participants’ motivation, with some participants reporting that they had sustained their behaviour changes since program completion. To address identified barriers, easy to use online technology is recommended, and strategies to promote male attendance.
Structuring of the epigeal fauna in restoration of Brazilian semiarid forest in the short term
Authors: Gomes Juvenal Martins , Cabreira Wilbert Valkinir , Lima Sandra Santana de , Camara de Souza Rodrigo , dos Santos Raissa Nascimento , Feliciano Ana Licia Patriota , Marangon Luiz Carlos , Pereira Marcos Gervasio
Published: November 2022

Context The Caatinga biome, located in the Brazilian semiarid region, has few remnants of riparian forest. Thus, it is essential to know the effectiveness of strategies aimed at forest recovery. Aims The objective of this study was to investigate the use of the epigeal fauna as a bioindicator tool of soil quality and ecosystem sustainability to determine the best native forest restoration strategy in the Caatinga in Belém do São Francisco, Pernambuco, Brazil. Methods In areas previously dominated by Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC., three treatments were installed: conventional planting of native species (P), planting of native species in islands (applied nucleation, N), and natural regeneration (NR). These restoration treatments were compared with an area of high P. juliflora dominance (PJ). Epigeal fauna were captured in two periods of the year (wet and dry seasons) using pitfall traps in a completely randomised design. We estimated the total abundance, richness, diversity, and evenness, as well as the trophic guilds of the epigeal fauna. Key results The epigeal fauna organisms were distributed in 22 taxonomic groups. The Saprophagous Diplopoda group was exclusive to PJ. The Predator Pseudocorpionida group was not observed in the NR area in any period. Cluster analysis revealed more dissimilarity of the NR with the other areas. Conclusions In the short term (less than 2 years), P increased the diversity and richness of the epigeal fauna and promoted better structuring of the Microphagous/Saprophagous (Entomobryomorpha, Poduromorpha, and Symphypleona) trophic guild, while NR promoted better structuring of the Herbivorous (Auchenorryhncha and Heteroptera) and Saprophagous/Predator (Formicidae and Coleoptera) trophic guilds. Implications In the short term, conventional planting benefited the epigeal fauna due to the high diversity of planted species.
On the geometric phase for Majorana and Dirac neutrinos
Authors: Capolupo A , Giampaolo S M , Hiesmayr B C , Lambiase G , Quaranta A
Published: November 2022

We analyze the geometric phase for neutrinos and we demonstrate that the geometric invariants associated with transitions between different neutrino flavors, for Majorana neutrinos, are not left unchanged by rephasing transformations and are sensitive to the nature of neutrinos. The dependence of geometric invariants on the Majorana phase cannot be eliminated by a charged lepton rephasing transformation. By considering kinematic and geometric approach we also demonstrate that the Majorana phase is relevant in the projective Hilbert space. Geometric invariants can therefore be used as tools to distinguish between Dirac and Majorana neutrinos.
Dynamic interplay between thionine and DNA under carbon ion irradiation: a real-time first-principles study
Authors: Deng Zun-Yi , Hu Zhihua , Feng Hong-Jian
Published: November 2022

Understanding the interactions between deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and photosensitizer under ion irradiation benefits the development of aptasensors, DNA biosensors and cancer diagnosis. Using real-time time-depended density functional theory, by simulating high-energy C ion passing through DNA with poly(dG)·poly(dC) sequence and that with embedded thionine (3,7-diamino-5-phenothiazinium, TH), we compared the electronic stopping power (ESP), evolution of the structure and charge, and absorption spectrum. TH inserting leads the increase in space charge density, a larger electron de-excitation and a larger ESP, but the speed corresponding to the maximum ESP is almost same. When C ion passes through TH–DNA, the structure of TH slightly changes and there still exists noncovalent interaction between TH and DNA, but the absorption coefficient depends on the electron occupied state of TH when the ion passes through. These results indicate that at low radiation doses, TH still can be a DNA detector, although its response wavelength and intensity have been slightly changed, and provide a theoretical reference to improve the possible application of phenothiazine dye in DNA biosensor under ion irradiation.
Magnetoresistance reversals and anomalous Hall effect in Mn3SnC and effects of carbon deficiency
Authors: Huang Dan , Li Hang , Xi Xuekui , Gao Jianrong , Lau Yong-Chang , Wang Wenhong
Published: November 2022

The transport behavior of Mn3SnC and Mn3SnC0.8 compounds was investigated. Positive magnetoresistance (MR) and an anomalous Hall effect (AHE) are observed for each compound near respective Curie temperature, T
C. The positive MR is reversed during cooling from T
C but is reentrant at low temperature. A 20% carbon deficiency of Mn3SnC0.8 enlarges the positive MR at T
C and shifts the temperatures for MR reversals. Ferromagnetic (FM) resonance measurements reveal that the MR reversals are related to the competition between FM and antiferromagnetic components of Mn atoms in each compound. A sign change of the Hall resistivity is observed during cooling of Mn3SnC but not for Mn3SnC0.8. A scaling analysis suggests that the AHE in each compound is mostly due to an intrinsic contribution and that the intrinsic contribution is decreased by the carbon deficiency in Mn3SnC0.8.
Effect of nonlinear electrodynamics on shadows of slowly rotating black holes*
Authors: Tang Jiuyang , Liu Yunqi , Qian Wei-Liang , Yue Ruihong
Published: November 2022

In this study, we investigate the effect of nonlinear electrodynamics on the shadows of charged, slowly rotating black holes with the presence of a cosmological constant. Rather than the null geodesic of the background black hole spacetime, the trajectory of a photon, as a perturbation of the nonlinear electrodynamic field, is governed by an effective metric. The latter can be derived by analyzing the propagation of a discontinuity of the electromagnetic waveform. Subsequently, the image of the black hole and its shadow can be evaluated using the backward ray-tracing technique. We explore the properties of the resultant black hole shadows of two different scenarios of nonlinear electrodynamics, namely, the logarithmic and exponential forms. In particular, the effects of nonlinear electrodynamics on the optical image are investigated, as well as the image's dependence on other metric parameters, such as the black hole spin and charge. The resulting black hole image and shadow display rich features that potentially lead to observational implications.