bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Diagnostic Methods in Coronavirus Testing
Authors: Taanya Imtiaz  , Abilasha R  , Kavitha S
Published: October 2020

Coronavirus Disease-19, an infectious disease caused by SARS-COV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- Coronavirus-2) has begun at the end of 2019 causing a global pandemic. The number of cases are increasing exponentially and also so far there have been more than 3 lakh deaths. Some of the symptoms include common cold, respiratory distress and breathing difficulty. Some of the newly reported cases do not show any of the symptoms. Main diagnostic tests include RT-PCR and serologic tests, which are effective and quick. RT-PCR, ELISA (using different components), swab test, serologic test, nasopharyngeal aspirates, and chest-CT's are few of the diagnostic tests conducted to identify the state of the body. Preventative measures like self-isolation, social distancing, less interactions, mainly maintenance of good hygiene should be taken care. Due to advancement in various technologies, there is a constant search for different diagnostic testing methods to possibly find instant and accurate results, due to the drastic increase in the number of cases worldwide and has become a pandemic problem. Imaging using CT-Scan and radiographic modalities can also be used to consider the progression of the covid-19 caused by SARS-COV-2. The guaranteed treatment has still not been found but using few drugs show rapid or slow and unpredictable recovery rates. RT-PCR (Swab-test) and serologic tests are found to be instant and accurate.
Evaluation of brushing techniques taught by dental students in children with permanent dentition
Authors: Jagadheeswari Ramamoorthy  , Vignesh Ravindran  , Geo Mani
Published: October 2020

Tooth brushing is a crucial part of oral hygiene. It is essential to stop plaque formation and reduce the susceptibility to cavities. Brushing technique, frequency and duration of tooth brushing are important factors in plaque reduction. This is often quite difficult in children because it requires dexterity. Dental professionals need adequate information about children’s oral hygiene to teach them and their parents. There are six methods of tooth brushing techniques. They differ in a number of aspects and are recommended for various age groups. The aim of the study is to evaluate the commonly taught brushing techniques by Dental students for children with complete permanent dentition. The data of brushing techniques advised were retrieved from the case sheets of patients. The collected data were tabulated in Excel. The data is represented with the help of bar graphs and statistically with the help of SPSS software. The statistical tests done were Chi-square tests and Correlation analysis. Modified bass is the most preferred brushing technique with a prevalence of 55.9%, followed by technique with a prevalence of 36.5% for children with complete permanent dentition. The modified bass technique is most commonly preferred for males with a prevalence of 52.9%. According to the patient's age Modified bass technique is most commonly preferred for 16-17 years (60%) and technique for 13 years (32.5%). Within the limitations of the study, it shows that the Modified bass technique is the most preferred brushing technique taught to the patients between the age group 13-17 years.
Knowledge and Perception Regarding Clinical Trials Among Dental Students-A Questionnaire Based Study
Authors: Thaslima Nandhini J S  , Vignesh Ravindran  , Jeevitha M
Published: October 2020

Clinical trials play an important role in improvement of quality on healthcare practice. Good clinical practice is a backbone of conductance of trials. A lack of knowledge may translate to a negative perception towards clinical trials. The study aims to evaluate the awareness of clinical trials among undergraduate dental students in a private dental institute. We have quantified the knowledge and perception of clinical trials by a structured validated questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered to dental students from first year undergraduate to third year Postgraduate. The percentage of questions answered were calculated and tabulated in the excel sheet. Data were analysed using SPSS statistical software and the chi-square test was done. P valve was set as 0.05 as a level of significance. From statistical analysis, postgraduate students (59.2%) had better knowledge than undergraduate students (40.8%). Around (46.7%) had been involved in clinical trial training. Within the limitations of current study, students pursuing postgraduate had a better knowledge of clinical trial methodology than compared to undergraduate students.
Biocompatibility of Dental Materials - A Review
Authors: Gokul G L  , Lakshmi T  , Don K R
Published: October 2020

Biocompatibility helps in guaranteeing the soundness of patients and experts. Issues identified with it very well may be connected to the lawful obligation of dental specialists. Information with respect to the biocompatibility of generally utilized dental materials is significant so to fundamentally pass judgment on promoting claims by the producer. Poisonousness of material upon a situation in a patient's oral cavity triggers the resistant framework to clarify a fitting reaction. Along these lines, one of the numerous key obligations presented on the dental specialist is to shield patients from any untoward response. A plenty of dental materials are as of now accessible in the market. The material needs to propel a few tests so as to be securely presented for clinical practice. This survey features the range of tests routinely rehearsed for assessment of biocompatibility.
Incidence of potentially malignant oral disorders in patients attending a private dental hospital
Authors: Harini Kumaran  , Vivek Narayan  , Nivedhitha M S
Published: October 2020

Potentially malignant disorders are a heterogeneous group of lesions associated with the risk of malignant transformation to invasive cancer. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are considered as the early tissue changes that happen due to various habits such as smoking tobacco, chewing tobacco or stress. The rate of oral potentially malignant disorder transformation to malignancy is 2%–3%. The present study is a retrospective study in which 1000 patient records were reviewed and details such as gender, age, presence or absence of PMD, type of PMD were collected. Details were tabulated in excel, and results were obtained using SPSS. Chi-square analysis was performed to find out the association between different variables. Out of 1000 patients, 1.3% of patients had potentially malignant disorders out of which 77% were male, 23% were female. OSMF was present more in males (53.85%) which is followed by leukoplakia in males (23.08%). Females showed a predilection for lichen planus. The current study concluded the incidence of PMD as 13 per 1000 per year, and OSMF was found to be highest among the various potentially malignant disorders in the study population. This can be attributed to areca nut chewing habits which are high in Southeast Asia. More awareness programmes on the detrimental effects of tobacco & areca nut are necessary for effective prevention of potentially malignant disorder.
Incidence of smoker’s palate in younger patients with smoking habits
Authors: John Rozar Raj  , Vivek Narayan  , Nivedhitha M S
Published: October 2020

Smoker's palate is also known as nicotine stomatitis palatini. It is an asymptomatic lesion in heavy pipe and cigarette smoking people, especially people who do reverse smoking. The palate may appear as white with raised red dots in the centre of the papule. This represents the opening of the minor salivary glands, which becomes inflamed due to chronic heat produced during smoking. There were many studies about the incidence and prevalence of smoker's palate in the elderly population. The study aimed to assess the incidence of smoker's palate in younger patients with smoking habits. This is a retrospective study. The sample size was 1000 patients. Data of patients visiting Saveetha dental college between the age group of 18 to 30 years with a smoking habit was collected. Excel tabulation was done. SPSS results were obtained. Out of 1000 patients, 581 patients had smoking habits with a percentage of 58.1%. Out of 581 patients, 21 patients had smokers palate with a percentage of 3.60%. The incidence rate was 36.14 per 1000 per year. The present study shows a slightly rising incidence in smokers palate.
Reasons for emergency dental visit – A retrospective study
Authors: Sarvesh Kumar J  , Mahesh Ramakrishnan  , Arun M
Published: October 2020

The irregular dental care can result in acute clinical problems that may lead to various emergency visits. Emergency dental visits are the care of patients who present oral problems. The aim of the study was to identify the reason for patients seeking treatment for dental emergencies among the Chennai population. The Participants were randomly selected for the study, inclusion criteria for the participants were the patients who reported between June 2019 to March 2020 to a private Dental College, and Hospital Chennai, the purpose of the visit was observed from the patient information given during the time of visit. Results showed that the reason for emergency dental visit patients was for abscess drainage in males is 13.33% and females are 8.89% for emergency extraction in males is 28.89% and females are 44.44% for emergency pain management is 2.22% female patient only for emergency trauma management is 2.22% male patient only. From the present study, we can conclude that the common reason for emergency dental visit among Chennai population was for extraction and abscess drainage.
Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologies — An Institutional Study
Authors: Sam John Koshy  , Madhulaxmi M  , Sivakumar
Published: October 2020

Oral and pathology infers all the diseases of the mouth and structures related to the mouth inclusive of salivary glands, joints (TMJ), facial muscles and skin. Management of oral and pathology remains one of the most universally performed procedures by oral and surgeons. Lesions of the oral and region are a group of heterogeneous diseases with a wide spectrum of characteristics. Predictability of lesions helps in rightly predicting, diagnosing, treating and eliminating that arise in the oral cavity. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of oral and encountered in a single institution. This is a single retrospective study done from June 2019 – March 2020. Sixty-five patients who were diagnosed with a pathology pertaining to the oral and region were considered. Lesions were grouped as a cyst, tumors, infections, salivary gland and others for better understanding and interpretation. The parameters examined and processed with relevance to oral and pathology were type of lesion, age and gender of the patient. IBM SPSS Version 20 was used for statistical analysis. Out of a total of 65 patients considered with oral and pathological lesion requiring surgical management, the most common type of pathology was a cyst (40.0%) followed by tumors (21.5%). Gender predilection for oral and pathology was evident with greater incidence among males (63.1%) with p value = 0.049 < 0.05, by chi square test and in an age group of 21-30 years (30.8%) with p value = 0.044 < 0.05 by chi square test. This study concludes to establish the predominance of oral and that arise in the age group of 21-30 years with a gender preference to males over females. The most common pathology was cysts, followed by tumors with cyst (53.8%) and (35.7%) being most common in their respective pathological genre.
REVIEW OF LEGAL POSITIONS OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR 2015-2020 ON THE APPLICATION OF THE PROVISIONS OF THE CIVIL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON THE INVALIDITY OF TRANSACTIONS AND ON THE PROHIBITION OF ABUSE OF RIGHTS
Authors: Барткова Ольга Георгиевна
Published: October 2020

В статье исследуется содержание положений основных Постановлений Пленума Верховного Суда РФ, а также обзоров судебной практики, утверждённых Президиумом Верховного Суда РФ, которые относятся к порядку применения ст. 168 во взаимосвязи со ст. 10 ГК РФ. Обосновывается вывод о том, что злоупотребление правом отнесено законом к числу самостоятельных оснований для признания сделки недействительной. Приведены и проанализированы примеры споров, иллюстрирующие взаимосвязь норм о недействительных (ничтожных) сделках с институтом «пределы осуществления гражданских прав», с основными началами гражданского законодательства.

The article examines the content of the provisions of the main Resolutions of the Plenums of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, as well as reviews of judicial practice, approved by the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, which relate to the procedure for applying Art. 168, Art. 170 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation in conjunction with Art. 10 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The conclusion is substantiated that abuse of the right is attributed by law to the number of independent grounds for recognizing the transaction as invalid. The examples of disputes are presented and analyzed, illustrating the relationship of the norms on invalid (void) transactions with the institution of «limits of the exercise of civil rights», with the basic principles of civil legislation.
CURRENT PROBLEMS OF ATTRACTING FOREIGN CITIZENS AND STATELESS PERSONS ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY
Authors: Столярова Зинаида Николаевна , Колпаков Петр Александрович
Published: October 2020

В статье рассматриваются особенности сбора доказательной базы при выявлении нарушений правил въезда и режима пребывания (проживания) иностранных граждан и лиц без гражданства на территории Российской Федерации как одна из угроз национальной безопасности. Анализируются наиболее актуальные вопросы, связанные с выявлением доказательств совершения иностранцами административных правонарушений в сфере миграции.

This article discusses the features of collecting evidence when detecting violations of the rules of entry and stay (residence) of foreign citizens and stateless persons on the territory of the Russian Federation as one of the threats to national security. The article analyzes the most pressing issues related to the identification of evidence of administrative violations committed by foreigners in the field of migration.
PROBLEMS OF PROTECTION AND RATIONAL USE OF LAND IN THE RAILWAY DIVERSION STRIP AND WAYS TO ADDRESS THEM
Authors: Артемьев Алексей Анатольевич , Кудрявцева Кристина Юрьевна , Лепехин Илья Александрович
Published: October 2020

Актуальность проведенного исследования состоит в том, что в нем обоснована важность установления полос отвода железных дорог как инструмента обеспечения охраны и рационального использования земель транспорта. Новизна представленного исследования заключается в комплексном подходе к выявлению проблем, связанных с охраной и рациональным использованием земельных участков в полосе отвода железных дорог. Предложены и обоснованы рекомендации по совершенствованию отечественного законодательства в сфере правового регулирования установления, охраны и рационального использования земельных участков в полосе отвода железных дорог.

The relevance of the study is that it justifies the importance of establishing railway diversion lanes as a tool for the protection and rational use of transport land. The novelty of the presented study lies in the integrated approach to the identification of problems related to the protection and rational use of land in the railway diversion strip. Recommendations on improving domestic legislation in the field of legal regulation of the establishment, protection and rational use of land plots in the railway diversion strip have been proposed and justified.
ISSUES OF DEVELOPMENT OF HISTORIOGRAPHY OF P.P. MAKSIMOVICH TVER WOMEN'S TEACHER'S SCHOOL IN 1991-2020
Authors: Смирнов Сергей Николаевич
Published: October 2020

Настоящая статья является второй в цикле очерков по историографии Тверской женской учительской школы П.П. Максимовича. Рассматриваются вопросы общей характеристики сформировавшейся в 1991 - 2020 гг. историографии учительской школы. Школа П.П. Максимовича заложила основы педагогического образования Тверского края, а в дальнейшем наряду с Тверским учительским институтом стала базой формирования Тверского государственного университета.

This article is the second in a series of essays on Tver women's teacher's school of P. P. Maksimovich historiography. The article deals with the general characteristics of the historiography of the teacher's school that was formed in 1991 - 2020. The school of P. P. Maksimovich laid the foundations of pedagogical education in Tver region, and later, along with Tver teachers' Institute, became the basis for the formation of Tver state University.
中国川西地区钻井技术浅析
Authors: 余 锐
Published: October 2020

论文以普新 -1 井为例，深入探讨了钻井相关技术，分析了采用卡瓦悬挂式套管头，故导管、表层套管的居中对套管防磨有十分重要的意义，并且制订好安全措施并切实执行，使用大尺寸钻铤，是川西区块防斜打直的捷径。另外，还需要注重防塌材料的使用，化学防塌和物理防塌并重，有预见性地及时调整泥浆性能，达到防塌护壁的要求。海相地层使用“PDC+ 螺杆”复合钻进，可大幅提高机械钻速，并有利于防斜与纠斜。
刍议石化机械产品热处理工艺过程控制应用
Authors: 徐 宝兴
Published: October 2020

随着中国当前石化机械产品处理技术的不断发展，石化机械产品工作中热处理工艺得到了广泛的运用，不仅可以提高能源的使用效率，还可以提升石化机械产品的发展水平。为了使石化机械产品热处理工艺能在实际中发挥其应有的价值和效果，相关管理人员需要加强对热处理工艺实施的过程性控制，及时地发现在热处理工艺实施过程中所存在的问题，从而使石化机械产品热处理工艺的水平能得到有效的提高。
万能正弦规夹具在新型设备上的应用
Authors: 王 峰 , 李 迎华 , 陈 霖 , 曲 业金 , 汤 洪涛 , 黄 大伟 , 于 家懿 , 张 国靖 , 杨 祥麟 , 宋 明山
Published: October 2020

针对部分新型设备上缺少加工斜面功能的问题，通过对大型龙门加工中心上斜滑枕和斜床体的工艺分析，设计了一种可全面装夹各种角度零件的万能正弦规夹具，可以有效提高各类斜导轨、斜床身及角度滑台等零部件的装夹效率，对同类产品的夹具设计具有重要指导作用。
国土空间规划体系建构的逻辑及运作策略探讨
Authors: 李 璐
Published: October 2020

国土空间规划是当前中国城市规划建设发展的一部分，其主要目的是为了提高土地规划与利用水平。新时期国土空间规划体系建设为相关工作奠定了有力的支持，论文主要对国土空间规划体系构建逻辑与运作策略展开探讨。
探析房建工程管理与施工技术
Authors: 王 冠宇
Published: October 2020

对于房建工程项目的开展来讲，工程管理工作以及施工技术准备也是项目工程开展的关键要素，也是保障房建工程、整体施工安全以及施工进度得到控制的重要基础。所以，在房建工程施工过程中，如果工程管理以及施工技术本身存在问题，那么对于整个房建工程质量都会产生非常大的影响，甚至是会影响到施工作业过程中的生命财产安全。因此，论文主要针对房建工程管理工作的具体内容以及房建施工技术的具体应用进行分析，从而提高中国的房屋建筑施工水平。
砂砾石地层人工顶管施工顶力分析以及摩阻力探讨
Authors: 赵 全峰
Published: October 2020

论文介绍了中国成都新都区人工顶管施工砂砾石地层施工工艺技术、产生偏差的原因以及纠偏措施，并对砂砾石地层人工顶管施工顶力计算进行分析，取得了良好效果。
浅析“样板引路”对后续工程施工的重要性
Authors: 钟 毅
Published: October 2020

论文以中国成都地铁 18 号线机电安装与装饰装修工程为实例，通过对“样板引路”的策划、实施，浅析“样板引路”对后续工程施工的重要性。
电阻率测井在含水饱和度测量中的应用分析
Authors: 李 楷 , 赵 云飞
Published: October 2020

为了完成实验室条件下测量演示孔隙内的含水饱和度分布，需要采取相应的测试手法来对其进行测试。因为实验室条件下的测量方法和测量精度受到了一定的制约，CT/ 核磁图像等方式费用高且不宜多次反复操作，在比较了点阻力测井原理后，结合实验测试的结果我们发现，在一定的浓度范围内，溶液电阻和离子浓度是呈现线性关系的。在油藏条件下为提高测量的精准度，实验前需要对溶液浓度和电阻关系、CT 图像饱和度值与电阻关系值的关系进行核对和校正。在铜鼓平板模型驱替实验后证明了该方法能清晰的反应平面含水量在不同阶段的变化情况，以其他的方式相比较，此方式有方便易操作、安全等优点，是最适合在实验室条件下操作的方式。
动压煤巷变形破坏综合因素分析研究
Authors: 邹 海军
Published: October 2020

针对中国肖家洼煤矿动压煤巷支护难题，以 211304 辅运平巷为工程实例，论文从巷道布置、顶板岩性、煤层倾角、支护方式等方面综合分析复杂围岩环境下回采巷道变形破坏因素。得出相邻综放工作面悬顶、顶板泥岩、煤层倾角以及巷道支护参数综合作用是回采巷道出现底鼓、顶板下沉、两帮收缩并最终导致支护失效的主要原因。通过对 211304 辅运平巷变形破坏原因综合分析研究，为相似条件下的 211305、 211306 辅运平巷围岩控制提供依据。
软土地基施工技术在公路桥梁施工中的应用及质量控制策略
Authors: 庄 春生
Published: October 2020

公路桥梁施工中软土地基会影响工程施工进度与质量，给工程埋下较大安全隐患。为此，在施工过程中需要根据软土地基具体特征、表现采用相应技术对地基进行处理，以保障公路桥梁工程结构的安全稳定。论文结合实际，先对软土地基的常见特征进行分析，然后针对软土地基处理技术以及质控措施展开分析论述，希望能为实践工作的开展提供理论参考。
浅析废旧动力电池再利用现状
Authors: 于 冰洁 , 白 玮佳
Published: October 2020

废旧动力电池的回收与再利用是中国的一个新兴行业。目前，正处于市场萌芽阶段，市场相对广阔。虽然近些年国家陆续出台了有关电池回收的政策来保证中国新能源产业的良好发展，但是在具体实施方面还有待提高。近些年来，新能源产业得到光速发展的同时，车企数量不断增加，动力电池产量越来越大，废旧动力电池数量也相应的越来越大。但是，目前中国在废旧动力电池的回收处理方面仍处于探索阶段，废旧电池的回收网络以及处理系统仍不完善。虽然废旧动力电池回收前途好，但仍有不少待解决的问题。只有国家政策真正落实，高效率的电池回收方式才能开展起来。
代谢冲突导致晕车晕船的生物学机制
Authors: 林 日來
Published: October 2020

论文首次提出代谢决策和代谢冲突的生物学模式，在探索慢病治疗的理论研究上提出一些新的思路，以此为同行提供借鉴。
王清国医学思想和医案研究
Authors: 王 相贤
Published: October 2020

王清国先生（1940-），中国贵州省的著名老中医，2017 年中国基层名老中医药专家传承工作室项目专家，副主任中医师，1998年黔南州人民政府特殊津贴获得者，收载2018年卷《中国中医药年鉴》。王清国先生是贵州省贵定县人，生于四代名医家庭，自幼跟随祖父贵州省著名老中医王锡章研习中医，尽得真传。王老行医六十余年，医德高尚，医术精湛，勤学善思，学验具丰，对疑难杂症危重见解独到，临床疗效显著。主编《王锡章医案》，贵州科技出版社正式出版发行，荣获中华中医药学会学术著作三等奖，王老留下《王清国医案》墨迹 15 卷，《王清国经验方》墨迹 5 卷等手稿。笔者跟师嫡伯父王老临床二十余年，通过王老对病症的辨证论治和理法方药，体现出王老的中医特色，王老常说：“中医传承不容懈怠，中医传承意义深远，中医传承惠及民生。”论文旨在对王清国医学思想和医案进行研究，以供同道参考学习。
经腹部联合经阴道超声检查对子宫腺肌病的诊断价值
Authors: 芮 广如 , 曾 杰宏
Published: October 2020

目的：分析经腹部超声联合经阴道超声检查在子宫腺肌病诊断中的应用价值。方法：选取 136 例在我院治疗的子宫腺肌病患者为研究对象，纳入时间 2019 年 3 月 -2020 年 4 月。136 例患者依次进行经腹部超声检查和经阴道超声检查，以病理学诊断结果以参照标准。结果：经腹部超声联合经阴道超声检查对子宫腺肌病的诊断符合率，显著高于单纯应用经腹部超声检查和单纯应用经阴道超声检查，P ＜ 0.05 比较差异具有统计学意义。经腹部超声联合经阴道超声检查的血流量，显著低于单纯应用经腹部超声检查，P ＜ 0.05 比较差异具有统计学意义。经腹部超声联合经阴道超声检查的动脉搏动指数、动脉阻力指数，均显著高于单纯应用经腹部超声检查，P ＜ 0.05 比较差异具有统计学意义。
植入式静脉输液港的临床新进展
Authors: 彭 秀琴 , 沈 丽红
Published: October 2020

论文对植入式静脉输液港的植入方法、临床应用、使用和维护方法、常见问题及处理等进行综述，旨在为临床护理工作提供借鉴，更好地保证静脉输液港为长期化疗和其他静脉治疗患者提供有效的路径。
胸外科住院病人睡眠质量调查及影响因素分析
Authors: 郑 毅
Published: October 2020

目的：调查胸外科住院病人的睡眠质量及其影响因素，并探究适合应用于胸外科病人的护理干预方法。方法：采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数 (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) 量表对住院病人进行调查。结果：64% 的神经内科住院病人有睡眠质量问题 ,其主要的影响因素为疾病因素、心理因素、环境因素、医源性因素和生活习惯的改变。结论：胸外科住院病人大多数存在不同程度的睡眠问题，应引起医护人员的高度重视，积极采取有效措施，减少失眠率，提高睡眠质量。
PDCA结合根因分析法在护理不良事件管理中的应用
Authors: 沈 娜
Published: October 2020

护理安全及护理不良事件管理是护理管理工作的内容之一，对护理不良事件进行根因分析，可以找出不良事件发生的根本原因；结合 PDCA 循环管理体系，有助于制定相应措施以预防类似不良事件的再次发生，减少对患者的伤害。
甘露消毒丹预防混合痔术后尿潴留60例
Authors: 李 炜 , 蓝 阳 , 孙 粤鹏 , 胡 晋文 , 刘 朋 , 胡 晓阳
Published: October 2020

目的：分析评估甘露消毒丹预防混合痔术后尿潴留的临床疗效。方法：将行混合痔外剥削内扎术的 120 例患者随机分为观察组和对照组各 60 例。观察组予以甘露消毒丹预防，对照组采用常规热敷及诱导预防。若两组方案无效，则导尿引流。比较两组患者手术结束到首次排尿时间、首次排尿流速、导尿率及临床疗效。结果：观察组病人首次排尿时间、导尿率小于对照组（P均＜ 0.05），首次排尿尿速、总有效率观察组优于对照组（P 均＜ 0.05）。结论：中药甘露消毒丹可有效预防混合痔术后尿潴留，不但降低患者导尿率，而且有助于患者尽快排尿。
一例肺部感染引起的成人still病合并嗜血细胞综合征的护理
Authors: 王 美英 , 吕 玉琴
Published: October 2020

成人 still 病 (Adult Onset Still Disease, AOSD) 是一种病因不明，发病机制不清楚，以高热、一过性多型性皮疹和关节炎或关节痛为主要临床表现，伴有周围血粒细胞增高、肝脾及淋巴结肿大等系统受累的临床综合征。其患病率低于十万分之一。噬血细胞综合征（HPS）也称为噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增多症（HLH），是一种威胁生命的高炎症综合征，其特征是骨髓和其他网状内皮系统中巨噬细胞和组织细胞的活化，具有显著的噬血细胞作用。主要症状包括高烧、全血细胞减少、淋巴结肿大、肝脾肿大和 SF 水平升高。由于非典型 HPS 的缺乏特异性的表现，早期诊断是困难的，临床表现复杂，给患者带来极大痛苦。
A criança interior e o casamento: reflexões a partir do curso Cuidando do Cuidador
Authors: Martini Maria da Graça Pedrazzi
Published: October 2020

The objective of this case study, was to understand the effect of the discovery of the inner child in the conjugal relationship of the participants of the Course: TRA: Capacitation in Techniques of Self-Esteem Rescue - Caring for the Caregiver. This is a case study of a couple evaluated through an interview, carried out after the experience of the inner child rescue at the beginning of the course, recordings of the experience sharing and the register of observations in the researcher's notebook. To analyze the opinions collected, the methodology used was discourse analysis. The results showed a greater awareness of the interference of the inner child in the conjugal relationship and the need to be more attentive to its manifestations to avoid future conflicts. Therefore, the Care for the Caregiver course offered a learning space for the inner child and self-care, as well as a way to learn how to care for the other.
Financial Literacy among SMEs Owners in Sumatera, Indonesia: The Role of Parents’ Motivation and Experience
Authors: Desiyanti Rika , Aza Azlina Md Kassim
Published: October 2020

Financial literacy is the ability of an individual to obtain financial information and take effective actions or decisions to manage any financial matters. The owners of SMEs should  manage their financial business effectively to avoid financial problems. In 2013, the financial services authority (OJK) has conducted a financial survey and the result indicated that only 21.8% of people understand finance and in 2016, the percentage has increased from about 8% to 29.66%.  Low level of financial literacy gives bad effect on financial decisions, including less saving,  opting for more leverage, and involved in unprofitable investments. This paper aims to analyze the influence of parents’ motivation and parents’ experience on financial literacy. A questionnaire survey has been distributed among SME owners in Sumatera, Indonesia.  Based on a sample of 60 respondents, the result shows that parents’ motivation does affect financial literacy. Nevertheless, financial experience by the parents does not affect financial literacy.
HR Practices and Employee Retention in the Banking Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Aleem  , Zulfiqar Ahmad Bowra
Published: October 2020

Purpose: Human Resource is one of the most valuable resources in any organization and its contribution is massive everywhere in the world.  Human Resources (HR) practices can be helpful to retain valued employees. This study examines the role and association between HR practices and employee retention. HR practices include training & development, compensation, job security, working environment, leadership and culture & policies. Major objective of this study is indentfiy the roele and effect of HR practices on employee retention in banking sector of Pakistan.  

Design: The population of this study consists of 8 major banks of Pakistan including public, private, Islamic and foreign banks.  The mixed-method was employed to get the data through interviews and questionnaires. Simple random sampling and stratified random were used for interviews and questionnaires respectively.

Findings: Findings of the study indicate that compensation; job security, training & development, working environment and leadership practices have a significant association with employee retention. These variables also play a very imperative role in employee retention except job security. The culture & policies have no significant association and role on employee retention.

Value: The research findings may help the policymakers to prioritize the areas of instant concerns and invest resources as per the local requirement of staff for their retention in the banking sector of Pakistan.
Grade Inflation and Human Capital Accumulation among Pakistani University Students
Authors: Anwar Ul  Haq  , Sadaf Mahmood  , Zahira Batool  , Muhammad Shabbir
Published: October 2020

The central objective of current study was exploring the level of school acquired human capital. To understand the human capital and grade inflation, 2 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted. To measure school based human capital students were asked to write an essay on a given topic. These essays, FGDs and a brief questionnaire about background constituted the data for this study. This data was analyzed using mixed-methods content analysis. Data analysis generated four important themes related to human capital that are Grade inflation and quality of learning, General Knowledge abilities, Presentation and coherence and Writing skills. It was found that performance of students with CGPA more than group mean perform like those below the group mean. The mean values of group CGPA were also high as 3.46 for Punjab University and 3.77 for Government college University Faisalabad.  The content analysis disclosed that similar mistakes are made by students in both categories. This raised serious reservations on the human capital of the students. This also shows the problem of grade inflation. In order to overcome these problems assessment systems, need reforms where actual capabilities of the students can be measured.
Impact of Perceived Corporate Social Responsibility on Banks’ Financial Performance and the Mediating Role of Employees’ Satisfaction and Loyalty in Pakistan
Authors: Sohail Ahmad  , Owais Shafique  , Warda Najeeb Jamal
Published: October 2020

Inspired by the global increase in awareness of corporate social responsibility (CSR), this paper is an attempt to explore the influence of CSR on bank employees’ satisfaction and loyalty and banks’ financial performance. It was assumed there could be differences in the perception of CSR among employees toward the CSR initiatives being undertaken by the banks they work for. Employees’ level of awareness and extent of involvement with various CSR activities could affect their satisfaction and loyalty. This study used regression analysis for hypothesis testing. Its findings reveal that CSR positively affects employee satisfaction and loyalty as well as banks’ financial performance; employee satisfaction positively affects employee loyalty; and employee loyalty positively affects banks’ financial performance. Hence, bank management should focus on CSR from the perspective of employees to contribute to employee satisfaction and loyalty, and ultimately, to enhanced financial performance. Suggestions and inferences for future research and banking sector practices are suggested based on these results.
Crystallographic analysis of a samarium(III) complex with 1,3,5-tris(1-imidazolyl)benzene
Authors: Wu S.-Y. , Wang S.-Q. , Zhu M.C. , Gao E.J.
Published: October 2020

In this paper, a new samarium(III) complex with 1,3,5-tris(1-imidazolyl)benzene(tib) was synthesized via the solvent thermal reaction. The single crystal of the complex is measured by X-ray diffraction and subjected to crystallographic and conformational analyses. The crystal is monoclinic: a = 8.5589(12) Å, b = 12.2883(14) Å, c = 21.109(3) Å, α = 90°, β = 98.585(4)°, γ = 90°, V = 2195.3(5) Å3, space group P21/n, Z = 4, ρc = 2.044 mg/m3, R = 0.0513. The asymmetric unit contains one samarium(III) center, eight O atoms from nitrate ions in solvent, and two N atoms from two different tib ligands.
Analysis of Orthotropic RC Rectangular Slabs Supported on Two Adjacent Edges - A Simplistic Approach
Authors: Gupta Sushant , Naval Sanjeev
Published: October 2020

The design of reinforced concrete slabs supported on two adjacent edges involves complex formulations. In this paper, a simplistic approach is presented for designing orthotropic slabs supported on two adjacent edges. Slab supported on two adjacent edges (existing slab) is transformed into a slab supported on three edges (equivalent slab) by taking a mirror image of the yield line pattern of two adjacent edges supported RC slabs about its unsupported edges to get the exact collapse mechanism for the slabs supported on three edges. The equivalent aspect ratio can be used in the equations already developed for the slabs supported on three sides. Ultimate moment carrying capacity of the slab carrying uniform load can be evaluated by using the available analytical formulations of the slab supported on three edges. So, the present approach gives a simplified method to analyse and design the orthotropic RC rectangular slab supported on two adjacent edges using the equations available for slab supported on three adjacent edges. Hence, the simplistic approach will be very helpful for structural designers dealing with analysis and design of slabs supported on two adjacent edges. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091598 Full Text: PDF
A Review of the Utilisation of Recycled Waste Material as an Alternative Modifier in Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Milad Abdalrhman Abrahim , Ali Ahmed Suliman B. , Yusoff Nur Izzi Md
Published: October 2020

The possibility of using waste materials in road construction is of great interest as their utilisation may contribute to reducing the problems of hazard and pollution and conserve natural resources. Thus, there is an urgent need to find a sustainable method for using waste materials as a substitute in the standard asphalt binders. There are several concerns about the physical and chemical properties and mechanical performance of asphalt pavements incorporated with waste material in the effort to reduce permanent deformation of the road surface. This review article presents a brief discussion of the asphalt mixtures modified with waste material, and the recycled materials used as a modifier in the asphalt mixture. The present paper summarises the use of crumb rubber, crushed concrete, steel slag, glass fibre and plastic waste in asphalt mixtures. The use of waste materials as a modifier in asphalt mixture resulted in improved asphalt pavement performance. Results advocate that rubberised asphalt mixture with desired properties can be designed as an additive with a friendly environmental approach in construction materials. The researches that adopted the influence of usage, recycle waste material to improve the performance of the asphalt of the road are still limited compared to other construction fields. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-SP(EMCE)-05 Full Text: PDF
Editors’ Introduction to the International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches: Issue 12(1)
Authors: Song Donggil , Hitchcock John H. , Onwuegbuzie Anthony J. , Johnson R. Burke , Smit Brigitte , Scherman Vanessa
Published: October 2020

With this editorial, we introduce the latest issue (i.e., Volume 12, Issue 1) of the International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches and provide an overview of its main themes.
Analogue of Brauer’s conjecture for the signless Laplacian of cographs
Authors: Benediktovich V. I.
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we consider the class of cographs and its subclasses, namely, threshold graphs and anti-regular graphs. In 2011 H. Bai confirmed the Grone – Merris conjecture about the sum of the first k eigenvalues of the Laplacian of an arbitrary graph. As a variation of the Grone – Merris conjecture, A. Brouwer put forward his conjecture about an upper bound for this sum. Although the latter conjecture was confirmed for many graph classes, however, it remains open. By analogy to Brouwer’s conjecture, in 2013 F. Ashraf et al. put forward a conjecture about the sum of k eigenvalues of the signless Laplacian, which was also confirmed for some graph classes but remains open. In this paper, an analogue of the Brouwer’s conjecture is confirmed for the graph classes under our consideration for the eigenvalues of their signless Laplacian for some natural k which does not exceed the order of the considered graphs.
The first integrals and rational solutions of some fourth-order differential equations
Authors: Babich E. R. , Martynov I. P.
Published: October 2020

The object of this research is fourth-order differential equations. The aim of the research is to study the analytical properties of the solutions of these differential equations. The general form of the considered equations is indicated, and also the choice of the research object is justified. Herein we studied fourth-order differential equations for which sets of resonances with all positive nontrivial resonances are absent. Besides, three of these equations satisfy the conditions of absence in the solutions of moving multivalued singular points. The solutions of the next three equations have movable special points of multivalued character. Moreover, we also investigated the analytical properties of one more fourth-order differential equation of another general form for which it is also possible to construct a two-parameter rational solution as there is a nontrivial negative resonance in the related set of resonances. The first integrals of the equations under study are found and their rational solutions are constructed from negative non-trivial resonances. The resonance method was used in this study. The obtained results can be used in the analytical theory of differential equations.
Spin 3/2 particle: Puali – Fierz theory, non-relativistic approximation
Authors: Ivashkevich A. V. , Voynova Ya. A. , Оvsiyuk E. M. , Kisel V. V. , Red’kov V. M.
Published: October 2020

The relativistic wave equation is well-known for a spin 3/2 particle proposed by W. E. Pauli and M. E. Fierz and based on the 16-component wave function with the transformation properties of the vector-bispinor. In this paper, we investigated the nonrelativistic approximation in this theory. Starting with the first-order equation formalism and representation of Pauli – Fierz equation in the Petras basis, also applying the method of generalized Kronecker symbols and elements of the complete matrix algebras, and decomposing the wave function into large and small nonrelativistic constituents with the help of projective operators, we have derived a Pauli-like equation for the 4-component wave function describing the non-relativistic particle with a 3/2 spin.
Integration of nuclear power station in the economy of Republic of Belarus. Infrared system ASLOTU
Authors: Akhramovich A. P. , Voitov I. V. , Kolos V. P.
Published: October 2020

Statistical series of economic and energy indicators had been made up according to 2017 data. It consisted of three comparable values: population and specific (capita per inhabitant in the year) gross value added (SGVA) and electricity consumption (SEC) for fifty countries, which SGVA are larger or comparable to Belarus values. Using the correlation analysis the presence of strong, positive, reliable relationship between SGVA and SEC was established. It was found, that for the innovative development of Belarusian economy and accelerated growth of SGVA, the installed electric capacities are necessary to increase by 20–25 %. It is pointed that nuclear energy is the main resource of the fifth technological setup. The solving tasks during atomic stations operation promote development of new technology, emergence and insure advanced production methods in various economy sections. It is offered to create microclimate, required by modern technologies, in working zones of plants and at workplaces in institutions by an automated system ASLOTU – the radiant system of insuring technological conditions, which had been created by Belarusian specialists. The structurer of this infrared system, principles of its calculation and specific functioning algorithm are given. The ASLOTU technical and economic indicators have been determined – cost, service life, labor intensity and frequency of maintenance, costs of fuel consumed, period of covering capital outlays. The marked indicators are the result of processing the operation data of ASLOTU, which were implemented in Belarus for the period 1997 to 2007. They formed the basis of the draft ASLOTU introduction plan until 2035. The main planned indicators are given. The results can be used in other countries in which SGVA is 4.0–15.0 thousand dollars per person and they took course toward innovative development of the economy.
Development of a vector control system of the semiconductor converter, which will provide a polyharmonic operating mode of a polyphase electric machine
Authors: Panteleev S. V. , Malashin A. N. , Kaleda A. E.
Published: October 2020

A system for vector control of current in the circuit of a polyphase electric machine has been developed. For this, on the basis of the analysis of electromagnetic processes in a multiphase semiconductor converter of electrical energy, its discrete mathematical model was created, which takes into account the redistribution of electromagnetic energy by individual spatial harmonic components depending on the number of phases. Using this mathematical model and the scheme of injection of higher current harmonics, which provides a polyharmonic mode of operation of a semiconductor converter, a method for independent control of the spatial harmonic components of the input current of the converter has been developed. The formation in each of the phases of polyharmonic currents, conjugated in shape and phase with the voltage supplying the converter, is carried out by means of control actions in the form of voltage vectors of a semiconductor switch, the implementation of which is carried out by the method of multiphase space-vector modulation. To check the developed provisions, a simulation model of a nine-phase semiconductor converter of electrical energy with a vector control system was created. The results of the study of the model confirmed the adequacy of the developed technical solutions, the use of which will ensure the most complete realization of the own advantages of a multiphase electric machine in order to generally improve the weight, size and energy indicators of the autonomous power supply system.
Low-pressure nozzle with aerodynamic fuel atomization
Authors: Tihonchik S. S. , Puchko N. I.
Published: October 2020

A research was carried out with the construction of a model of a low-pressure nozzle with aerodynamic fuel atomization, which shows the advantages of nozzles of this type. In order to reduce the time at the stage of development and calculations, modern computer design systems were used. The research was carried out in the Flow Simulation module of the SolidWorks software package, which allows you to calculate and build a model of the internal flow around the nozzle using already known parameters. These parameters were set through the program conditions panel: fuel consumption per second; air flow rate at the inlet to the nozzle; static pressure in the combustion chamber. The calculations performed by the module made it possible to evaluate the manufacturability of the design, as well as the internal processes of mixing fuel with air. To determine the quality of fine dispersion of the fuel atomization, a model of the velocity field was calculated over the entire section of the nozzle, from which it can be seen that the maximum flow rate of the fuel is achieved in the outlet channels of the fuel atomizer of the nozzle. The results obtained indicate the operation of the low-pressure principle while maintaining high-quality fuel atomization. The use of low-pressure nozzle with aerodynamic fuel atomization is possible in modern gas turbine engines of civil aircraft, as well as in gas turbine.
Does Managerial Owneship and Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility Reduce Tax Aggressiveness?
Authors: Indriastuti Maya , Mar�ati Fudji Sri , Wijayani Dianing Ratna
Published: October 2020

This study aims to test empirically the effect of managerial ownership on tax aggressiveness with Islamic corporate social responsibility as the intervening variable. The populations of this study were all entities listed in Jakarta Islamic Index from 2015-2019. 40 entities were obtained by using purposive sampling technique. All data were analyzed by using multiple linear regression analysis and sobel test. The results showed that managerial ownership has a significant positive effect on Islamic corporate social responsibility. In contrast, managerial ownership has a negative and insignificant effect on tax aggressiveness. Furthermore, Islamic corporate social responsibility has a significant negative effect on tax aggressiveness and Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility is able to moderate the effect of managerial ownership on tax aggressiveness.
Pengembangan Sumber Daya Insani Di Lembaga Keuangan Islam
Authors: Afif Mohammad
Published: October 2020

Islamic financial institutions began to flourish in Indonesia. Naturally there is a demand for creating human resources with good morality and professional in carrying out its duty, mission and vision. Talking about human resources, in fact, we can see from two aspects, namely the quantity and quality. Islamic financial institution requires two aspects. Islamic financial institutions will exist when supported by adequate human resources for the development, which is actually Indonesian with the biggest Muslim country of in the world, so that the market share for Islamic financial Institution is very potential. Therefore, it is ironic if the Islamic financial institution can not flourish in Indonesia. It is necessary for strategic steps in the establishment of the Islamic financial Institutions. Thus, Islamic character of this vision is a solution that is a manifestation of human nature as a creature of Allah, who is in every movement and steps always use the rules set by Allah. The occurrence of fraud by operators of Islamic financial institutions because he is out of the nature of faith and choose the wrong path. So it is important for a leader being model, to pay attention, oversee, audit and punish managers who disapprove his nature, both in financial terms and non financial problems. Founder, trustees, managers may commit violation because of unlimited power, due to excessive power. Excessive confidence sometimes opens human opportunities to get out of the nature of faith. This article will try to explain the development of human resources in Islamic financial institutions, which includes the importance of human resources planning, the principles of employees planning in Islamic financial institutions, the process of human resources planning in Islamic financial institutions, the values of recruitment, the stages of recruitment, the technique of potential seeking in recruitment, and so forth.Â Keywords: Islamic financial institution, Human resources
Analisis Peran Negara Di Bidang Ekonomi Dalam Prespektif Sistem Kapitalisme, Sosialisme, Dan Ekonomi Islam
Authors: Kambali Muhammad
Published: October 2020

The economic crisis that convolved the world economy a few years ago is the result of a series of government policies in the economic field. Starting from the Subprime Mortgage in America, the crisis eventually spreads across all sectors of the economy. As analysts say that the explosion of the current economic crisis is caused by the trend of low interest rates that are applied by the Fed. The trend of low interest rates will give rise to expectation of market to future economic situation. It is characterized by the overflow of capital expansion in all sectors, especially in property sector. Today, along with the growing mobility of capital from one country to another as part of unavoidable economic liberalization, mobility of capital, on the one hand, has spawned some of the imbalances in the life of a State. The powerlessness can not be separated from economic ideology and system on state role in the economy. Capitalism with its laissez faire brings the concept of state minimal role in the economy. In the empirical facts, it is broken by the crisis situation in 1930 and today's financial crisis. Socialism tends to carry the central role of the State in the economy through the centralistic planning system. The fall of the Soviet Union in the 1980s brought the world to a choice whether reconstructing capitalism or socialism as Fukuyama and Gidden said. On the other hand, as the new system, the economic system of Islam brings the concept of the role of the State in the economy on the basis of universal values of Islam, such as justice in the economy which is reflected in the mechanism of the prohibition of riba (usury), just income distribution and redistribution of income through zakat and social security. This article is an exposure of the State's role in the economy which is studied through the perspective of todayâ€™s economic system. The systems are capitalism, socialism, and Islam. The article not only explores conceptual framework, but also also contains an empirical framework mapping and how the conceptual framework is operated. At the end, from the two mapping (conceptual and empirical), author draws a reflection of how the State should play a role in the economic field.Â Keywords: Capitalism, Socialism, Islam, Economic Role of State