bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The efficacy of coccygectomy in patients with persistent coccydynia
Authors: Milosevic Stefan , Andersen Gustav Ø. , Jensen Mads M. , Rasmussen Mikkel M. , Carreon Leah , Andersen Mikkel Ø. , Simony Ane
Published: February 2021

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of coccygectomy in patients with persistent coccydynia and coccygeal instability.

Methods

The Danish National Spine Registry, DaneSpine, was used to identify 134 consecutive patients who underwent surgery, performed by a single surgeon between 2011 and 2019. Routine demographic data, surgical variables, and patient-reported outcomes, including a visual analogue scale (VAS) (0 to 100) for pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D), and the Physical Component Score (PCS) and Mental Component Score (MCS) of the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36) were collected at baseline and one-year postoperatively.

Results

A total of 112 (84%) patients with a minimum follow-up of one year had data available for analysis. Their mean age was 41.9 years, and 15 (13%) were males. At 12 months postoperatively, there were statistically significant improvements (p < 0.001) from baseline for the mean VAS for pain (70.99 to 35.34), EQ-5D (0.52 to 0.75), ODI (31.84 to 18.00), and SF-36 PCS (38.17 to 44.74). A total of 78 patients (70%) were satisfied with the outcome of treatment.

Conclusion

Patients with persistent coccydynia and coccygeal instability resistant to nonoperative treatment may benefit from coccygectomy. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(3):542–546.
Is tranexamic acid use in patients with a hip fracture safe?
Authors: Viberg Bjarke , Gundtoft Per Hviid , Schønnemann Jesper Ougaard , Pedersen Lasse , Andersen Lis Røhl , Titlestad Kjell , Madsen Carsten Fladmose , Clemmensen Signe Bedsted , Halekoh Ulrich , Lauritsen Jens , Overgaard Søren
Published: February 2021

Aims

To assess the safety of tranexamic acid (TXA) in a large cohort of patients aged over 65 years who have sustained a hip fracture, with a focus on transfusion rates, mortality, and thromboembolic events.

Methods

This is a consecutive cohort study with prospectively collected registry data. Patients with a hip fracture in the Region of Southern Denmark were included over a two-year time period (2015 to 2017) with the first year constituting a control group. In the second year, perioperative TXA was introduced as an intervention. Outcome was transfusion frequency, 30-day and 90-day mortality, and thromboembolic events. The latter was defined as any diagnosis or death due to arterial or venous thrombosis. The results are presented as relative risk (RR) and hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

A total of 3,097 patients were included: 1,558 in the control group and 1,539 in the TXA group.31% (n = 477) of patients had transfusions in the control group compared to 27% (n = 405) in the TXA group yielding an adjusted RR of 0.83 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.91). TXA was not associated with increased 30-day mortality with an adjusted HR of 1.10 (95% CI 0.88 to 1.39) compared to the control group as well as no association with increased risk of 90-day mortality with a per protocol adjusted HR of 1.24 (95% CI 0.93 to 1.66). TXA was associated with a lower risk of thromboembolic events after 30 days (RR 0.63 (95% CI 0.42 to 0.93)) and 90 days (RR 0.72 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.99)). A subanalysis on haemoglobin demonstrated a median 17.7 g/L (interquartile range (IQR) 11.3 to 27.3) decrease in the control group compared to 17.7 g/L (IQR 9.7 to 25.8) in the per protocol TXA group (p = 0.060 on group level difference).

Conclusion

TXA use in patients with a hip fracture, was not associated with an increased risk of mortality but was associated with lower transfusion rate and reduced thromboembolic events. Thus, we conclude that it is safe to use TXA in this patient group. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(3):449–455.
Mid-term outcome of bilateral fragility fractures of the sacrum after bisegmental transsacral stabilization versus spinopelvic fixation
Authors: Mendel Thomas , Schenk Philipp , Ullrich Bernhard Wilhelm , Hofmann Gunther Olaf , Goehre Felix , Schwan Stefan , Klauke Friederike
Published: February 2021

Aims

Minimally invasive fixation of pelvic fragility fractures is recommended to reduce pain and allow early mobilization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of two different stabilization techniques in bilateral fragility fractures of the sacrum (BFFS).

Methods

A non-randomized, prospective study was carried out in a level 1 trauma centre. BFFS in 61 patients (mean age 80 years (SD 10); four male, 57 female) were treated surgically with bisegmental transsacral stablization (BTS; n = 41) versus spinopelvic fixation (SP; n = 20). Postoperative full weightbearing was allowed. The outcome was evaluated at two timepoints: discharge from inpatient treatment (TP1; Fitbit tracking, Zebris stance analysis), and ≥ six months (TP2; Fitbit tracking, Zebris analysis, based on modified Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Majeed Score (MS), and the 12-Item Short Form Survey 12 (SF-12). Fracture healing was assessed by CT. The primary outcome parameter of functional recovery was the per-day step count; the secondary parameter was the subjective outcome assessed by questionnaires.

Results

Overall, no baseline differences were observed between the BTS and SP cohorts. In total, 58 (BTS = 19; SP = 39) and 37 patients (BTS = 14; SP = 23) could be recruited at TP1 and TP2, respectively. Mean steps per day at TP1 were median 308 (248 to 434) in the BTS group and 254 (196 to 446) in the SP group. At TP2, median steps per day were 3,759 (2,551 to 3,926) in the BTS group and 3,191 (2,872 to 3,679) in the SP group, each with no significant difference. A significant improvement was observed in each group (p < 0.001) between timepoints. BTS patients obtained better results than SP patients in ODI (p < 0.030), MS (p = 0.007), and SF-12 physical status (p = 0.006). In all cases, CT showed sufficient fracture healing of the posterior ring.

Conclusion

Both groups showed significant outcome improvement and sufficient fracture healing. Both techniques can be recommended for BFFS, although BTS was superior with respect to subjective outcome. Step-count tracking represents a reliable method to evaluate the mobility level. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(3):462–468.
Examining multidimensional risk factors for all populations affected by eating disorders
Authors: Park Dylan , Im Susanna
Published: February 2021

Decades of studies conducted on eating disorders have given researchers a better understanding of the risk factors of eating disorders. Nevertheless, the complexity of eating disorders results in studies only being able to test a limited sample population, making it difficult to generalize results to the general public. Research must also actively investigate the effect of ongoing technological advancements that have transformed the way people interact with one another on the development of eating disorders. The current study used a literature review style approach to address these current limitations in eating disorder research by analyzing all populations that are affected by eating disorders and the involved risk factors. The research question that this study sought to answer was why only a certain group of individuals develop eating disorders when the entire population is exposed to risk factors. The main hypothesis of this study was whether the internalization of an ideal body style different from the one that an individually currently had while using maladaptive ways to achieve this ideal body image was sufficient to developing an eating disorder. The results supported the hypothesis, as the common theme among all sample populations was that the idealized body style, shape, and size was simply different from the one that individuals currently had. The extent to which this different body style was internalized as well as the extent to which maladaptive measures were taken to achieve this ideal body image was associated with increased vulnerability and likelihood of developing an eating disorder.
Entziffern und Strafen
Authors: Hertel Thorsten
Published: February 2021

Praktiken pädagogischer Disziplinierung sind in der Schule allgegenwärtig. Insbesondere in den deprivierten Quartieren der Großstädte gelten schulische Disziplinarverhältnisse dabei als hoch prekär und störanfällig. Thorsten Hertel rekonstruiert das dort wirksame handlungsleitende Wissen schulischer Disziplinarpraxis und dessen Verdichtung in einzelschulischen Disziplinarkulturen. Dabei dokumentiert die Studie ein Spannungsfeld zwischen »bestrafenden« und »entziffernden« Praktiken, deren Verwobenheit mit historisch gewachsenen Machttechnologien, bestehenden Machtverhältnissen und übergreifenden Marginalisierungsdynamiken systematisch nachgegangen wird. Im Ergebnis tritt nicht zuletzt die eindrückliche Haltekraft disziplinargesellschaftlicher Strukturen in der Schule deutlich zutage.
EXPANSÃO AGRÍCOLA NO CERRADO: O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO AGRONEGÓCIO NO ESTADO DE GOIÁS ENTRE 2000 A 2019
Authors: Mourão Rildo , Da Silva Lino Estefânia Naiara
Published: February 2021

O artigo tem como objetivo discorrer sobre o desenvolvimento do agronegócio no Estado de Goiás e os efeitos da expansão agrícola no Cerrado, que por sua vez é considerado o bioma das savanas com uma ampla biodiversidade, além de ser um dos maiores biomas brasileiros. O procedimento adotado para realização da pesquisa foi a pesquisa bibliográfica, fazendo uso de diversas bases de dados, como leis, doutrinas, institutos de pesquisas sobre o tema. A pesquisa foi descritiva na qual buscou interpretar os dados e estabelecer um confronto entre os dados coletados é a efetividade da legislação. Os resultados demonstram exponencial crescimento do uso de terras entre os anos de 2000 a 2019, corroborado pelo aumento das exportações. Conclui-se que o crescimento do agronegócio no estado de Goiás tem ocasionado danos ao meio ambiente, especificamente no bioma cerrado, obtendo a produção de alimentos com alta lucratividade, porém com danos sérios ao cerrado, não respeitando os métodos sustentáveis eleitos no artigo 225 da Constituição Federal de 1988, os quais visam preservar o meio ambiente para as atuais e para as próximas gerações e apesar disso, demonstrando clara ineficácia da norma jurídica, reclamando soluções para solução do formalismo jurídico em busca da efetividade jurisdicional.
PANORAMA DE ESTUDOS SOBRE ÍNDICE DE VULNERABILIDADE ÀS INUNDAÇÕES NO BRASIL ATRAVÉS DE REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA
Authors: Lavagnoli Moreira Luana , Kobiyama Masato
Published: February 2021

Esse artigo traz uma revisão da literatura brasileira sobre índices de vulnerabilidade às inundações, onde foram analisados 21 artigos publicados entre os anos de 2006 até julho de 2019. Verifica-se que 85% dos estudos ocorreram após o ano de 2015, tema recente no país. A escala de aplicação mais utilizada foi a de setor censitário com base em indicadores obtidos pelo censo de 2010 realizado pelo IBGE e a maioria dos estudos focou em indicadores relacionados à etapa pré-evento de inundação. Muitos artigos criaram índices de risco por meio da união entre o mapeamento de perigo às inundações e do índice de vulnerabilidade. Em termos das etapas para a construção do índice de vulnerabilidade, a maioria aplicou para normalização o método mínimo-máximo, sendo que foram atribuídos pesos iguais aos indicadores e agregados de forma linear. Os indicadores mais utilizados na composição do índice foram: renda per capita, domicílios com banheiro sem esgotamento sanitário, densidade demográfica, domicílios com ou sem abastecimento de água na rede, e domicílios particulares precários. Em contrapartida vale destacar as limitações na criação de índices, devido à ausência de análise de sensibilidade e incerteza em todos os estudos e de validação em 95% dos casos.
ÁREAS ÚMIDAS BRASILEIRAS: BASES PARA O GERENCIAMENTO, SERVIÇOS ECOSSISTÊMICOS E ESTRATÉGIAS DE MANEJO
Authors: Silva Fabio Leandro da , Senteio Smith Welber , Cunha-Santino Marcela Bianchessi , Bianchini Junior Irineu
Published: February 2021

O presente estudo buscou discutir o arcabouço legal relacionado com o gerenciamento de áreas úmidas no contexto brasileiro, apresentando os principais serviços ecossistêmicos prestados por esses sistemas aquáticos e a sua importância para a sociedade, além de apresentar estratégias de manejo pautadas na Ecologia Aplicada, visando alcançar a proteção da biodiversidade frente ao cenário de mudanças climáticas. As áreas úmidas são sistemas importantes, tanto do ponto de vista ambiental e socioeconômico, responsáveis por desempenham uma série de funções ecológicas (e.g. ciclagem de nutrientes, provisão de habitat para a biota, filtragem da água) e auxiliarem na subsistência e manutenção do ser humano. Os ecossistemas de áreas úmidas brasileiros carecem de um dispositivo normativo nacional que trate sobre a sua proteção. Dentre as principais estratégias, sobressaem-se: (i) a implementação de medidas com caráter estratégico e que integrem o planejamento de curto a longo prazo; (ii) a consideração dos componentes da paisagem e provisão de serviços ecossistêmicos e (iii) o monitoramento desses sistemas mediante a adoção de medidas que propiciem a manutenção da biodiversidade.
URBAN CONFIGURATION AND WATER BALANCE WITH AQUACYCLE MODEL IN THE BELÉM CATCHMENT, SOUTHERN BRAZIL
Authors: Carvalho Juliana Wilse Landolfi Teixeira de , Dos Santos Irani
Published: February 2021

The influence of anthropogenic activities on drainage basins increases the complexity of hydrological systems in urban watersheds due to the increased amount of impervious surfaces and the interaction between natural and constructed drainage systems. Herein, the aim is to verify how water balance components respond to anthropogenic changes in different configurations of urban space. The study focuses on the Belém catchment, located in Curitiba, Southern Brazil city. Simulations were performed using the Aquacycle model to evaluate the water balance of fourteen Hydrologic Similarity Areas, which were delimited based on the integrated analysis of zoning law, and demographic density data. The results show a direct and linear interaction between an increase in impervious areas with an increase in surface runoff and decreases in infiltration and evapotranspiration, demonstrating the relationship among urban configuration and components of hydrological cycle. Linear regression analysis indicates R² of 0.986 between impervious surfaces and surface runoff, 0.956 for evapotranspiration and 0.934 for groundwater recharge. However, streamflow and baseflow parameters showed no sensitivity to the percentage of impervious surfaces, with R² 0.557 and 0.244, respectively. Finally, the results indicate a significant contribution to the water balance resulting from water-supply system leakage and wastewater discharge into the drainage system.
GRANDES PROJETOS AGRO-MINERO-EXPORTADORES NA INSERÇÃO DA SILVICULTURA DO EUCALIPTO NA AMAZÔNIA MARANHENSE
Authors: Oliveira Allison Bezerra , Paz Diego Armando de Sousa , Pereira Amanda Miranda
Published: February 2021

A expansão da cultura do eucalipto no Maranhão, especificamente na porção amazônica, resulta de processos iniciados nos anos 1980 e representa um padrão de reprodução de capital fincado na economia de fronteira. O objetivo deste trabalho é entender como se deu o processo de inserção e avanço da fronteira agrícola da silvicultura do eucalipto na região amazônica do estado. Para isso, resgata os principais acontecimentos que permearam esse processo desde os anos 1980 até os dias atuais. Apresenta fotografias e mapas referentes às áreas de plantio de eucalipto, dentro do recorte da pesquisa; e gráficos sobre a produção de carvão vegetal e madeira de eucalipto, extensão de áreas plantadas e exportações estaduais de commodities, incluindo pasta de celulose. Os dados coletados advêm do trabalho de campo e de bases secundárias, como Indústria Brasileira de Árvores, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e Empresa Maranhense de Administração Portuária. Os resultados sugerem que a fronteira da silvicultura do eucalipto não é fruto apenas de movimentos próprios, mas legado de grandes projetos agro-minero-exportadores implantados na região desde os anos 1980, os quais viabilizaram a constituição da base plantada que agora se consolida com o Grande Projeto Suzano Papel e Celulose.
GEOGRAFIA DE LUTAS E RESITÊNCIAS NO TRIÂNGULO MINEIRO: ESTUDOS AGRÁRIOS E DEBATE PARADIGMÁTICO
Authors: Vinha Janaina Francisca de Souza Campos
Published: February 2021

A história do pensamento geográfico mostra que, desde a sua origem, ela esteve vinculada à interesses específicos e sujeitos e/ou classes sociais hegemômicas. As motivações e os projetos se transformaram, mas ainda sim é necessário desvelar as concepções de mundo desenvolvidas no interior da Geografia. Este trabalho procurou contribuir com a atualização do pensamento geográfico por meio da identificação e análise dos temas e paradigmas da Geografia Agrária mineira. Especialmente neste artigo, as reflexões foram canalizadas na atuação do Triângulo Mineiro na construção de uma Geografia Agrária crítica, denominada de Geografia de Lutas e Resistências. Para tanto, foi proposta uma leitura ancorada no debate paradigmático, abordagem que realça as posturas políticas e ideológicas do conhecimento. No caso da Geografia Agrária, o Paradigma do Capitalismo Agrário (PCA) e o Paradigma da Questão Agrária (PQA) atuaram como aportes dessa reflexão. Através da UFU, a região tem contribuído para o avanço dos estudos críticos, os quais compreendem que o desenvolvimento do capitalismo no campo não acontece de forma homogênea, mas é permeado de contradições que possibilitaram historicamente a (re)criação do campesinato. São estudos que se direcionam para o entendimento da luta, do enfrentamento, da resistência e da superação.
OS CONTORNOS DA MOBILIDADE DO CAPITAL NA EXPLORAÇÃO DE PETRÓLEO E GÁS NATURAL EM SERGIPE
Authors: Araujo José Danilo Santos Cavalcanti de , Conceição Alexandrina Luz
Published: February 2021

A apropriação dos recursos naturais, localizados no subsolo e na plataforma continental sergipana, pelas corporações de origem nacional e internacional tem suscitado uma miríade de discussões, seja em âmbito político, acadêmico ou social. Amplificando os horizontes escalares desse debate, constata-se que as análises fluem entre modelos de desenvolvimentos, investimentos e fluxos de capitais, apontando os riscos do desemprego e da ruptura de uma configuração espacial mediada pela indústria extrativa de capital estatal. Este artigo apresenta como proposta a leitura das transformações no setor de petróleo e gás natural, em Sergipe, considerando a mobilidade do capital como força motriz dessas reverberações políticas, econômicas e sociais que se impõem de formas mais intensas na conformação de uma crise estrutural. Nota-se que, sob as determinações imperativas do modo de produção vigente, a privatização dos recursos naturais configura-se como diretriz político-econômica enquanto estratégia de contenção da queda da taxa de lucro.
Pourquoi refuser de délivrer des soins ?
Authors: Desprès Caroline , Lombrail Pierre
Published: February 2021

Cet article vise à analyser les logiques sociales du refus de soins à l’égard des bénéficiaires de la Couverture maladie universelle complémentaire par des professionnels de santé de ville. Les résultats reposent sur une analyse socioanthropologique de discours d’une cinquantaine de médecins et dentistes, récoltés entre 2015 et 2016. Ils montrent l’intrication entre des logiques économiques et non économiques, telles que les représentations de cette catégorie de patients, les valeurs des praticiens et leur rapport à l’État et à l’assurance maladie.
Détresses sociales autour de la naissance
Authors: Perrenoud Patricia
Published: February 2021

Dans les pays à hauts revenus, les inégalités sociales de santé autour de la naissance se traduisent en une morbi-mortalité plus élevée des femmes immigrantes. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique réalisée auprès de sages-femmes indépendantes en Suisse romande, cet article analyse la situation et le suivi de femmes immigrantes aux prises avec de la détresse sociale impliquant pauvreté, solitude ou violence. Ces situations requièrent une collaboration inter/intraprofessionnelle, parfois difficile à mettre en place selon les sages-femmes. L’article aborde les écueils de collaboration décrits à partir d’une perspective de sociologie des professions et montre comment les tensions inter/intraprofessionnelles interfèrent avec la circulation des informations et la réponse aux besoins des femmes concernées.
De l’invisibilité au déni de l’intersectionnalité
Authors: Pezeril Charlotte
Published: February 2021

Malgré les progrès thérapeutiques dans la lutte contre le VIH/sida, les discriminations à l’égard des personnes séropositives semblent perdurer. Afin de les objectiver dans le contexte de la Belgique, nous avons mené une enquête sur les plaintes déposées à Unia, le Centre belge pour l’égalité des chances et la lutte contre les discriminations. Dans un premier temps, nous montrons comment les effets de ces discriminations sont largement sous-estimés, y compris sur la santé et par les victimes elles-mêmes. Nous analysons, dans un second temps, la tension entre l’importance de l’intersectionnalité de la sérophobie avec l’homophobie, le racisme et le sexisme et les difficultés, voire les incapacités, à la saisir du point de vue des requérant·e·s et encore davantage du point de vue des institutions. Enfin, nous soulignons à quel point l’intersectionnalité permet d’identifier les groupes les plus vulnérables et comment la sérophobie en arrive à concerner les membres de ces groupes qui ne vivent pas avec le VIH, tout en étant identifiés comme tels.
La fabrique des inégalités aux urgences
Authors: Ridel Déborah
Published: February 2021

En partant de l’analyse du travail de l’infirmière d’accueil et d’orientation (IAO), cet article se saisit de la question des traitements différenciés des patients à l’accueil des urgences hospitalières. Basée sur une enquête ethnographique réalisée à l’accueil des urgences d’un centre hospitalier du nord de la France, l’étude montre que le travail de l’IAO est comparable à celui d’un gate-keeper confronté de plein fouet à la difficulté d’exercer correctement sa fonction. S’inscrivant dans une relation de guichet, les IAO doivent jongler entre leurs propres représentations et les injonctions managériales et politiques telles de réelles street-level bureaucrats. Alors qu’une nouvelle gestion du tri des patients apparaît comme une solution de désengorgement des urgences, les contraintes organisationnelles liées à sa mise en place entraînent de nombreux effets pervers qui ont pour conséquence de fabriquer des inégalités dans la prise en charge des patients.
Dispositifs dédiés, effets ambivalents
Authors: Virole Louise
Published: February 2021

Afin de lutter contre les inégalités sociales de santé que connaissent les femmes enceintes étrangères, les politiques de santé périnatale françaises ont légitimé la mise en place de dispositifs médico-sociaux dédiés à ce public. L’article interroge les effets de ces prises en charge spécifiques sur les parcours de soins de femmes enceintes primo-arrivantes. L’enquête ethnographique menée au sein de plusieurs de ces disposi- tifs dédiés révèle que les leviers d’action qu’ils mobilisent améliorent significativement l’accès primaire et secondaire aux soins des femmes qui y sont incluses. En outre, la qualité du suivi est particulièrement appréciée par les usagères en comparaison avec le suivi obstétrique de leur pays d’origine. Néanmoins, le caractère marginal et opaque des dispositifs soulève de nombreux enjeux.
Neighborhood Decline - Ronald van Kempen, Gideon Bolt et Maarten van Ham (dir.), 2018.
Authors: Kirszbaum Thomas
Published: February 2021

Recensé : Ronald van Kempen, Gideon Bolt et Maarten van Ham (dir.), Neighborhood Decline, Abingdon/New York, Routledge, 2018, 134 p.
Prisons en Afrique. Manifestation spatiale du pouvoir et ordre négocié
Authors: Morelle Marie , Mavrot Céline
Published: February 2021

Émulations reçoit Marie Morelle, spécialiste du phénomène carcéral au Cameroun et à Madagascar. Cet entretien est l’occasion d’aborder des questions de régulation politique des inégalités sociales et de circula-tion internationale des modèles punitifs, mais aussi d’interdisciplinarité et de décentrement du regard Nord-Sud dans la production des analyses scientifiques.

Marie Morelle est maitresse de conférences, HDR en Géographie, à l’Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne (UMR Prodig). Elle est actuellement détachée à l’IRD au Cameroun et en accueil à la Fondation Paul Ango Ela. Ses travaux articulent géographie politique et géographie urbaine à partir d’entrées empiriques telles que la prison et la police, l’informalité économique et politique en Europe (France) et en Afrique (Cameroun). Elle est l’autrice notamment de La rue des enfants, les enfants des rues (CNRS Editions, 2007), Yaoundé carcérale, Géographie d’une ville et de sa prison (ENS éditions, 2019). Elle a dirigé avec Frédéric Le Marcis et Julia Hornberger l’ouvrage collectif Confinement, Punishment and Prisons in Africa (Routledge, sous presse), issu du programme « Économie de la peine et de la prison en Afrique » (ANR, 2015-2019).
Migração e educação: Um estudo sobre a invizibilização do migrante nas políticas educacionais brasileiras e distrital
Authors: Matos-de-Souza Rodrigo , Lazarini Twila , González-Monteagudo José , Barroso-Tristán Jose María
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo analisa dispositivos legais brasileiros e do Distrito Federal, no sentido de compreender como tais documentos refletem um tipo de percepção dos fenômenos da migração, da migração irregular e do refúgio. Partindo de uma leitura pós-estruturalista, perscrutamos os documentos à procura de indícios e vestígios do sujeito migrante, observando nas particularidades, nos silêncios e nos vazios seu processo de invisibilização social. Na pesquisa e na elaboração do artigo, encaramos diferentes tradições teóricas, num claro exercício de bricolagem. Por final, apresentamos nas considerações finais algumas recomendações que entendemos serem pertinentes para que os fenômenos das migrações internacionais contemporâneas sejam mais bem percebidos pela pesquisa educacional e, consequentemente, pelas políticas públicas educacionais.
Reziproke Wertschätzung im Dienstleistungshandeln - eine begriffliche Erweiterung zur Anerkennungstheorie / Reciprocal appreciation within service work - a conceptual extension of the theory of recognition
Authors: Goesmann Christina , Fischer Ute
Published: February 2021

Wertschätzung in Dienstleistungsinteraktionen wird in arbeitssoziologischen Diskussionen vor allem als einseitig gerichteter Prozess verstanden, in welchem dem Dienstleister aufgrund seiner Arbeitsleistung Anerkennung zuteilwird. Analysen von Interviews mit Beschäftigten aus den Branchen Pflege, Einzelhandel und Friseurhandwerk legen jedoch eine reziproke Wertschätzungsstruktur offen. Anhand von Fallbeispielen wird verdeutlicht, welche Bedeutung die Professionalität der Beschäftigten für die Etablierung einer wertschätzungsbasierten Dienstleistungsbeziehung hat. Zudem wird gezeigt, dass die dienstleisterseitige Wertschätzung für den Kunden einen nicht zu unterschätzenden Einfluss auf das Gelingen der Interaktion und die Qualität der Dienstleistung nimmt.
An agent-based architecture for production scheduling in dynamic job-shop manufacturing system
Authors: Shukla Om Ji , Soni Gunjan , Kumar Rajesh , A Sujil
Published: February 2021

In a highly competitive environment, effective production is one of the key issues which can be addressed by efficient production planning and scheduling in the manufacturing system. This paper develops an agent-based architecture which enables integration of production planning and scheduling. In addition, this architecture will facilitate real time production scheduling as well as provide a multi-agent system (MAS) platform on which multiple agents will interact to each other. A case study of job-shop manufacturing system (JMS) has been considered in this paper for implementing the concept of MAS. The modeling of JMS has been created in SimEvents which integrates an agent-based architecture developed by Stateflow to transform into dynamic JMS. Finally, the agent-based architecture is evaluated using utilization of each machine in the shop floor with respect to time.
A Computational Model for Color Perception
Authors: Ebner Marc
Published: February 2021

Color is not a physical quantity of an object. It cannot be measured. We can only measure reflectance, i.e. the amount of light reflected for each wavelength. Nevertheless, we attach colors to the objects around us. A human observer perceives colors as being approximately constant irrespective of the illuminant which is used to illuminate the scene. Colors are a very important cue in everyday life. They can be used to recognize or distinguish different objects. Currently, we do not yet know how the brain arrives at a color constant or approximately color constant descriptor, i.e. what computational processing is actually performed by the brain. What we need is a computational description of color perception in particular and color vision in general. Only if we are able to write down a full computational theory of the visual system then we have understood how the visual system works. With this contribution, a computational model of color perception is presented. This model is much simpler compared to previous theories. It is able to compute a color constant descriptor even in the presence of spatially varying illuminants. According to this model, the cones respond approximately logarithmic to the irradiance entering the eye. Cells in V1 perform a change of the coordinate system such that colors are represented along a red-green, a blue-yellow and a black-white axis. Cells in V4 compute local space average color using a resistive grid. The resistive grid is formed by cells in V4. The left and right hemispheres are connected via the corpus callosum. A color constant descriptor which is presumably used for color based object recognition is computed by subtracting local space average color from the cone response within a rotated coordinate system.
Using Social Media to Promote Intercultural Communication Between Chinese and American University Students
Authors: Zhou Yingli , Sun Jin’ai
Published: February 2021

This paper reports a five-year computer-mediated intercultural exchange project between Chinese and American university students that explores the use of various social media tools with WeChat application as the main medium in collaborative intercultural assignments. The study combines quantitative and qualitative approaches by using questionnaires and action research, to investigate how Chinese EFL and American CFL learners increase their intercultural communication competence by assessing their knowledge, awareness, attitudes, and skills of discovery and awareness. The findings reveal their changes and progress in the following variables: knowledge about the variety and subtlety of both the home and target cultures, a different worldview, and cultural study methods; awareness of the importance of differences and similarities between the home and target cultures, their negative reactions to these differences (e.g., fear, ridicule, disgust, feeling of superiority, etc.) and therefore, critical evaluation of the target and home cultures; attitudes from excitement or blind admiration of the target culture to confusion, anxiety or frustration about the cultural differences, later to toleration and appreciation of cultural differences, adaptation to the target culture, and eventually to openness and readiness to suspend disbelief about other cultures and belief about one’s own; skills to contrast the target culture with their own, to demonstrate a capacity to interact appropriately in a variety of different social situations in the target culture and resolve cross-cultural conflicts and misunderstandings. This research will serve as a valuable reference for computer-mediated intercultural communication teaching and open up new possibilities to extend classroom teaching by bridging the gap between second-hand knowledge and hands-on experience.
A Study of Three Variants of Gerund Construction from the Contrastive Perspective of Social and Natural Academic Abstracts on Construction Grammar Theory
Authors: Jin Yan , Yang Mingtuo
Published: February 2021

English gerund construction is a system composed of 3 variants, including “Gerund + ø”, “Gerund + of + NP”, and “Gerund + NP”. The noun and verb attributes of the 3 variants are recursive, and in theory their frequencies vary regularly in different styles. An abstract is placed before the beginning of an academic papers, which has the basic characteristics of conciseness and generalization, and has special requirements for the use of gerunds. The purpose of this study was to empirically explore the system of gerund construction in abstracts of natural science and social science papers, and to specifically explore the inherent characteristics of noun and verb properties of the 3 variants. For this purpose, two corpora were constructed, one is about abstracts of natural science papers, and the other is about abstracts of social science papers. Finally, the results of chi-square test showed that there was no significant difference in the frequencies of the 3 variants in the abstracts of natural science and social science papers, and the two corpora can be studied as a whole. In the combined corpus, there were significant differences in the frequencies of the 3 gerund variants. The frequencies of these 3 variants and their gerund properties showed a recursive change.
Iconicity, Otherness and Translation
Authors: Petrilli Susan , Ponzio Augusto
Published: February 2021

The relation between the “original” text and its “translation” into another language is analyzed in terms of “similarity” and “difference”. What may be understood by “similarity” and “difference” is also explored. With respect to the original, in fact, a translation can be described as the “same/other”. Our theoretical framework is Peirce’s general sign theory with special reference to his renowned triad icon, symbol and index. Translation is also viewed in terms of the relation between representation and figuration, therefore between the direct and the indirect word. Ultimately, the word in translation is likened to the literary word.
La dialectologie perceptuelle: problèmes et perspectives
Authors: Falkert Anika
Published: February 2021

Dialect variation is perceived and encoded in everyday language situations. Studies in the field of folk linguistic enquiry which has come to be known as perceptual dialectology, pioneered in the 1980s by scholars such as Dennis Preston, showed that beliefs nonlinguists have about language variation can play a critical role in language maintenance and change. This paper is an attempt to rethink the issue of accent identification from the perspective of perceptual dialectology by discussing the methodological hurdles to overcome when assessing folk perception of dialects. Illustration comes from two recent studies tackling the perception of geolinguistics variation in Eastern Canada. A comparison of the most common data collection techniques such as mental mapping, dialect identification tests requiring informants to listen to voices of different degrees of dialect markedness and dialect questionnaires raises several issues that call for a diversification of research design including indirect attitude measurements, especially affective priming.
International Master’s Degree Students’ Well-being at a Finnish University During COVID-19
Authors: Pappa Sotiria , Yada Takumi , Perälä-Littunen Satu
Published: February 2021

The rapid developments and consequences of the COVID-19 crisis for university students’ well-being are presently being studied across the world. This study contributes to the growing discourse on university students’ well-being by exploring changes in international Master’s degree students’ well-being in relation to the move to online teaching and learning at a Finnish university during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study draws on 37 answers to an open-ended question about remote teaching and learning at the end of a survey on university students’ stress. The text data were analysed conducting a preliminary quantitative content analysis and a more detailed thematic analysis, from which two themes were developed. The first theme concerned respondents’ well-being with regard to their friends and family, including the desire for human connection, ways of coping and health concerns. The second theme concerned respondents’ well-being with regard to their studies, including the importance of social life on campus, affected concentration and motivation, degree-related complications, and online teaching and supervision. The findings suggest that sociocultural well-being may extend beyond acculturation and that decreased psychological well-being has repercussions for international students’ studies. The study concludes with a discussion of the study’s limitations and practical implications.
Variable D-marking on proper naming expressions: A typological study
Authors: Salaberri Iker
Published: February 2021

Recent studies have argued that proper naming expressions cross-linguistically display distinct morphosyntactic behavior, i.e., naming-specific marking for case, definiteness, number and gender, among other categories. This study aims to contribute to the discussion by analyzing the marking of definiteness and specificity (D-marking) on naming expressions and common nouns from a comparative perspective, drawing on a sample of 50 areally, genetically and typologically diverse languages. The results present little support for D-marking being part of a cross-linguistically special onymic grammar: rather, the data suggest that there are different ways in which splits between common nouns and proper naming or between naming classes can materialize. Moreover, it is argued that the variability in D-marking of naming expressions correlates not just with animacy but with other semantic features as well, only some of which are integrated into the Animacy Hierarchy, including agentivity, individuation, identifiability and augmentation.
Novel Spurious Suppression Approach for SIR Dual-band Bandpass Filter Design
Authors: Chen Jianzhong , Li Xuefeng , Shi Hongyu , Zhang Anxue
Published: February 2021

A new design approach for a stepped impedance resonator (SIR) dual-band bandpass filter (BPF) with high multi-spurious suppression is proposed in this paper. The external coupling property of an SIR at multi-order resonant frequencies is fully studied. Different input impedances at desired frequencies are achieved by optimizing the unequal impedance transformer. The new solution shows the freedom in the choice of tapping point. The external quality values of multi-order harmonics vary with the shift of the tapping position. Wide upper stop-band rejection is realized by mismatching Qe at the unwanted harmonic frequencies, while keeping the Qe suitable for operating dual band to obtain good in-band performance. A traditional dual-band BPF and a novel practical BPF operated at 2.45/5.25 GHz are designed and fabricated to demonstrate the above idea. Good simulated and measured results are presented.
Radar based Ground Level Reconstruction Utilizing a Hypocycloid Antenna Positioning System
Authors: Baer Christoph , Musch Thomas
Published: February 2021

In this contribution we introduce a novel radar positioning system. It makes use of a mathematical curve, called hypocycloid, for a slanting movement of the radar antenna. By means of a planetary gear, a ball, and a universal joint as well as a stepping motor, a two dimensional positioning is provided by a uniaxial drive shaft exclusively. The fundamental position calculation and different signal processing algorithms are presented. By means of an 80 GHz FMCW radar system we performed several measurements on objects with discrete heights as well as on objects with continuous surfaces. The results of these investigations are essential part of this contribution and are discussed in detail.
Modeling Nonlinear White Noise in GaN HEMT Devices
Authors: Rudolph Matthias , Escotte Laurent , Doerner Ralf
Published: February 2021

This paper compares new bias-dependent descriptions for the Pucel and Pospieszalski noise models for GaN HEMT devices. It is proposed to replace the traditional descriptions of the noise sources by general noise powers linked to the drain current. A well-behaved bias dependence of the new parameters is observed for both models the new approach reduces uncertainty in the nonlinear noise model extraction. Finally, the performance of the bias-dependent noise models under nonlinear excitation is investigated and it can be shown that Pucel and Pospieszalski models yield comparably good accuracy in noise prediction.
On Conjugacy of High-Order Linear Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Chanturia T.
Published: February 2021

It is shown that the differential equation

u
(n) = p(t)u,

where n ≥ 2 and p : [a, b] → ℝ is a summable function, is not conjugate in the segment [a, b], if for some l ∈ {1, . . . , n – 1}, α ∈]a, b[ and β ∈]α, b[ the inequalities

hold.
A Second-Order Nonlinear Problem with Two-Point and Integral Boundary Conditions
Authors: Brykalov S. A.
Published: February 2021

The paper gives sufficient conditions for the existence and nonuniqueness of monotone solutions of a nonlinear ordinary differential equation of the second order subject to two nonlinear boundary conditions one of which is two-point and the other is integral. The proof is based on an existence result for a problem with functional boundary conditions obtained by the author in [Brykalov, Differential Equations 27: 1415-1420, 1991].
Limit Behavior of Solutions of Ordinary Linear Differential Equations
Authors: Neuman František
Published: February 2021

A classification of classes of equivalent linear differential equations with respect to ω-limit sets of their canonical representatives is introduced. Some consequences of this classification to the oscillatory behavior of solution spaces are presented.
On the Modified Boundary Value Problem of De La Vallée-Poussin for Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Tskhovrebadze G.
Published: February 2021

The sufficient conditions of the existence, uniqueness, and correctness of the solution of the modified boundary value problem of de la Vallée-Poussin have been found for a nonlinear ordinary differential equation

u
(n) = f(t, u, u′, … , u
(n–1)),

where the function f has nonitegrable singularities with respect to the first argument.
Passage of the Limit Through the Double Denjoy Integral
Authors: Chelidze N.
Published: February 2021

The conditions are given for passage of the limit through the double Denjoy integral defined by V.G. Chelidze.
Linear Dynamical Systems of Higher Genus
Authors: Lomadze V.
Published: February 2021

A class of linear systems which after ordinary linear systems are in a certain sense the simplest ones, is associated with every algebraic function field. From the standpoint developed in the paper ordinary linear systems are associated with the rational function field.
On Perfect Mappings from ℝ to ℝ
Authors: Tsereteli I.
Published: February 2021

Perfect mappings from ℝ to ℝ and also mappings close to perfect ones are considered. Some of their properties are given.
Weighted Estimates for the Hilbert Transform of Odd Functions
Authors: Pick Luboš
Published: February 2021

The aim of the present paper is to characterize the classes of weights which ensure the validity of one-weighted strong, weak or extra-weak type estimates in Orlicz classes for the integral operator
Orthogonal Random Vectors and the Hurwitz-Radon-Eckmann Theorem
Authors: Vakhania N.
Published: February 2021

In several different aspects of algebra and topology the following problem is of interest: find the maximal number of unitary antisymmetric operators Ui
in with the property UiUj
= –UjUi
(i ≠ j). The solution of this problem is given by the Hurwitz-Radon-Eckmann formula. We generalize this formula in two directions: all the operators Ui
must commute with a given arbitrary self-adjoint operator and H can be infinite-dimensional. Our second main result deals with the conditions for almost sure orthogonality of two random vectors taking values in a finite or infinite-dimensional Hilbert space H. Finally, both results are used to get the formula for the maximal number of pairwise almost surely orthogonal random vectors in H with the same covariance operator and each pair having a linear support in H ⊕ H.

The paper is based on the results obtained jointly with N.P.Kandelaki (see [Vakhania and Kandelaki, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 294: 528-531, 1987, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 296: 265-266, 1988, Trudy Inst. Vychisl. Mat. Akad. Nauk Gruz. SSR 28: 11-37, 1988]).
Basic Boundary Value Problems of Thermoelasticity for Anisotropic Bodies with Cuts. I
Authors: Duduchava R. , Natroshvili D. , Shargorodsky E.
Published: February 2021

The three-dimensional problems of the mathematical theory of thermoelasticity are considered for homogeneous anisotropic bodies with cuts. It is assumed that the two-dimensional surface of a cut is a smooth manifold of an arbitrary configuration with a smooth boundary. The existence and uniqueness theorems for boundary value problems of statics and pseudo-oscillations are proved in the Besov and Bessel-potential spaces by means of the classical potential methods and the theory of pseudodifferential equations on manifolds with boundary. Using the embedding theorems, it is proved that the solutions of the considered problems are Hölder continuous. It is shown that the displacement vector and the temperature distribution function are Cα
-regular with any exponent α < 1/2.

This paper consists of two parts. In this part all the principal results are formulated. The forthcoming second part will deal with the auxiliary results and proofs.
On Some Boundary Value Problems with Integral Conditions for Functional Differential Equations
Authors: Kiguradze I. , Chichua D.
Published: February 2021

For the functional differential equation u
(n)(t) = ƒ(u)(t) we have established the sufficient conditions for solvability and unique solvability of the boundary value problems

and

where n ≥ 2, m is the integer part of , ci
∈ R, and ƒ is the continuous operator acting from the space of (n – 1)-times continuously differentiable functions given on an interval [0, +∞[ into the space of locally Lebesgue integrable functions.
The Cauchy–Nicoletti Problem with Poles
Authors: Werner T.
Published: February 2021

The Cauchy–Nicoletti boundary value problem for a system of ordinary differential equations with pole-type singularities is investigated. The conditions of the existence, uniqueness, and non-uniqueness of a solution in the class of continuously differentiable functions are given. The classical Banach contraction principle is combined with a special transformation of the original problem.
On the Darboux Transformation. I
Authors: Chrastinová Veronika
Published: February 2021

Automorphisms of the family of all Sturm-Liouville equations y″ = qy are investigated. The classical Darboux transformation arises as a particular case of a general result.