bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semantic Meanings in “Demi Raga Yang Lain” “Semua Kan Berlalu” Songs
Authors: Aisyah Evi
Published: March 2021

Semantics is a branch of linguistics related to the study of language in its function with regard to organizing and expressing meaning. The discussion is related to the lexical meanings in a song. By listening to songs, we can gain knowledge about literary appreciation and song background. Therefore, the researchers were interested in analyzing the types of meanings in songs that are currently popularly associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers analyzed two songs: “Demi Raga yang Lain”, created by Eka Gustiwana, and “Semua kan Berlalu”, by 50 Indonesian artists and created by Maria Shandi. This research used descriptive qualitative methods. The data were obtained by gathering them from the internet, then reading and listening to the lyrics to understand the contents of the songs, and analyzing the data collected and making conclusions. Lexical and contextual meaning were found in the songs.
Keywords: song, lexical meaning, contextual meaning
Ecolexicone and Morphology in Mandailing Agriculture Community
Authors: Ajan Hasibuan Ibnu , Iriani Ade , Ainun Nur , Mitra Anggraini Butriani
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to analyze the ecolexicon and morphology by typology in the community of Mandailing (BM) agriculture. Qualitative methods were used. Data were collected using several stages such as interviews, self-examination, documenting and note-taking. The study was carried out in areas where income was dominated by farming, precisely in South Tapanuli Regency. The results showed that the biotic environment in the lexicon was 36 or around 70.5%, and the abiotic environment was 15 or around 29.5%. The typology of words was dominated by nominal (39), verbs (7), and adjectives (2). Based on the exposure to ecolexicon forms and typologies found in the Mandailing language, several conclusions can be drawn: the lexicon found in BM has affixations such as prefixes (si-); there are other prefixes (ma-, mam-, mar-, mang-); and the suffix form (-on) is often used to express farming activities, when associated with nouns, which is an activity that is carried out to indicate the type of rice and banana. The main reason for the loss of the lexicon is that many traditional activities have been replaced by modern means.
Keywords: Ecolinguistic, Mandailing, Community Agriculture
Morphological Structure in Jason Mraz’s Songs
Authors: Anggriani Harahap Inatigris
Published: March 2021

This research focused on the morphological structure in Jason Mraz’s songs. This study used the theory of the Rochelle hypothesis (2009) and examined the morphemes found in Jason Mraz’s songs and their morphological structure. The songs were obtained directly from Google. This research applied a qualitative method. The data were analyzed by reading the lyrics of the Jason Mraz’s songs, underlining word by word, identifying the words by classing them into morphemes, and calculating the morphemes of each word to find out the frequency of the morphological structure. Jason Mraz’s songs used free morphemes (87.8%) dominantly in the songs, and also used bound morphemes, namely inflectional morphemes (8.5%) and derivational morphemes (3.7%).
Keywords: Morphological Structure, Jason Mraz, Songs
Gender-Based Character Improvement of Listening Study With Social Media in Schools
Authors: Maulina Intan , Sukrisna Hutauruk Deswidya
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an influence of gender in the use of social media for listening learning in students of SMK Dharma Analitika. This was field research. This research used a descriptive method because the researchers wanted to describe the condition of students in gender-based learning that takes place at SMK Dharma Analitika as a whole, broadly, and deeply, in classroom learning activities, the use of social media, student learning behavior, and the methods and media used in learning. There was an effect of gender on the listening study of the students in SMK Dharma Analitika, shown by the significant difference in assignment results between the male and female students. Female students used social media more often than male students so female students were more confident in completing their assignments. The research found an improvement in gender-based character: male students were willing to give the role of female students to show themselves and their greatness, because they thought that female students would be better if they were given the confidence to do the task in front of the screen, whereas a male student prefers to complete the task behind-the scenes in doing video assignments for listening subjects.
Keywords: Gender, Character, Listening, Social Media
Disclosing Deceitful Behavior in Aladdin (2019): The Characters’ Violation of Grice’s Maxims
Authors: Wahyuningsih Indah , Rosyta Gustania Resty
Published: March 2021

In spite of the fact that Grice’s maxims direct the dyad talk exchange to glide gently, some people disobey for certain rational grounds or motives: one of them is hiding a lie. Aladdin (2019) was the remake of the 1992 American musical fantasy film which described a kind-hearted street urchin (Aladdin) and a power-hungry grand vizier ( Jafar) who were vying for a magic lamp that had the power to make their deepest wishes come true. Princess Jasmine’s introduction enlivened the story because her beauty was so tempting that Aladdin, whose social stratification was different, fell passionately in love with her. Jafar’s ambitious appetency to take over the kingdom fired the conflicts among the characters. All enthusiasms drove these fictitious characters to do anything, including entailing lies. Unriddling the violation of Grice’s (1975) maxims and detailing Ekman’s (1992) Detecting Deceit theory, comprising word, voice and body, this investigation was designed qualitatively to disclose the characters’ deceitful behavior and find out the reasons behind it. Some of the reasons for telling a lie, according to Turner, Edgley and Olmstead (1975) are covering to save face, to maintain/terminate a relationship, to avoid tension/conflict, and to control the situation; these were operated in the study. It was found that there were groups who 1) violated the maxims of quantity, quality and manner; 2) violated the maxims of quantity, quality and relevant; and 3) violated the maxims of quality, manner and relevant. The most frequently found reasons for why they violated the maxims were to save face, to exploit others and to terminate the interaction. The results show that people tend to deceive others in order to save face in social situations and to gain power over others by violating multiple maxims.
Keywords: deceitful behavior, reasons of deception, violated maxims
Diglossic Situation in Rainbow Rowell’s Novel Eleanor & Park
Authors: Amrin Siregar M
Published: March 2021

This study concerned the diglossic situation in Rainbow Rowell’s Eleanor & Park, written in 2016. It aimed to describe the use of two different varieties of English in the novel, that is, H (high) variety and L (low) variety of the language. These varieties were found in terms of function, prestige, lexicon (vocabulary) and grammar used by some of the characters in the novel when speaking to each other. The results showed that, in terms of function, the recitation or reading of a poem by one of the characters was conducted in H (high) variety. The H (high) variety used was more prestigious. In terms of grammar, the H (high) variety was also used by a teacher when appreciating his female student who had just recited or read the poem. Some of the words or lexicons used by some of the other characters of the novel were in the form of L (low) varieties. The analysis was conducted through the qualitative research methods proposed by Creswell (2009: 4) who explained that this type of research method is a means for exploring and understanding the meaning individuals or groups ascribe to a social or human problem.
Keywords: diglossic situation, high variety, low variety
English Courses for Students of Islamic Economics: What Do They Really Need?
Authors: Ridwan M , Fithriani Rahmah , Fransiska Widia , Batubara Chuzaimah
Published: March 2021

The teaching of the English language to the students of Islamic Economics should aim to provide them with the skills needed for completing academic as well as professional tasks. The purposes of this study are twofold: (1) identifying what types of English language skills the students of Islamic Economics need; and (2) figuring out whether the current English for specific purposes (ESP) course offered is relevant to their needs. This on-going study employs qualitative descriptive methods with 200 firstand second-year students of the Islamic Economics study program of a state university in Medan, Indonesia. The data analyzed in this paper were collected using an online survey divided into two sections: one to collect the participants’ demographics and the other to explore their perceived language skill needs. The results reveal that most students need reading and writing skills more than any other language skills. The students reported that the English course they have taken so far did not prepare them to master those two needed skills. This study recommends that the existing ESP syllabus be redesigned to meet the students’ needs.
Keywords: English for specific purposes (ESP), higher education, Islamic economics, need analysis
The Local Wisdom of the Mangarou Totok Spell Towards Natural Resources in the Simalungun Community: An Anthropolinguistic Study
Authors: Triana Sinaga Nenni , Sibarani Robert , . Pujiati , Agustono Budi
Published: March 2021

This research aimed to describe the treatment process and the local wisdom of the mangarou totok spell towards the natural resources in the Simalungun community. This research applied an anthropolinguistic approach. The parameters of the study were interconnection, value and sustainability. The data were collected by in-depth open-ended interviews and direct participatory observation. The qualitative paradigm with the interactive model was applied during this research. Based on the research findings, there are eight steps in doing the process of the mangarou totok spell. Some of the types of local wisdom found in this research were: health, politeness, preservation, cooperation, care for the environment, social loyalty, positive thinking, commitment, and compliments. This research presents the variety of contributions focused on the sustainability of natural resources, namely: sitabar banana midrib, betel leaves, gambier, lime, areca nut, and black pepper. This research presents a new contribution to the economic and social activities of the Simalungun community. The implementation of the mangarou totok spell through natural resources can increase the Simalungun community’s income especially for shamans and the cheap cost of medications for patients. The mangarou totok spell also improves social activities because it teaches society to help one another voluntarily through budget treatment. The Simalungun community has lived in harmony by implementing the mangarou totok spell, the implementation of which requires the society to coexist with nature which provides them with the materials that they need in practicing the mangarou totok spell.
Keywords: Local Wisdom, Mangarou Totok Spell, Natural Resources
Teaching Descriptive Texts to Tenth Grade Students in Deli Serdang
Authors: Eka Rahayu Wilda , Suhadi Jumino , Pawiro Ali
Published: March 2021

The objectives of this study were to describe the teachers’ ways of teaching reading of descriptive texts to tenth grade students in Deli Serdang, Indonesia and to reveal the underlying reasons for these approaches. This study was conducted by using a descriptive qualitative design. The subjects were two English teachers who taught the tenth grade students at SMA Swasta Melati Hamparan Perak in the 2018/2019 academic year. The data were collected by observing, video recording and interviewing, and were analyzed by using Miles and Huberman techniques. The findings show that the approaches that the teachers used were not focused on enabling the students to be independent or skilful readers. Most of the ways directed the students to become good at reading texts or translating the texts into Bahasa rather than teaching how to comprehend descriptive texts. Most of the approaches were focused on translation, vocabulary enrichment, stating ideas, pronunciation and managing the class. The approaches did not facilitate reading comprehension. This was due to the misperception of the concept of teaching reading comprehension.
Keywords: teaching, reading comprehension, descriptive tex
Investigating the Impact of Interlanguage on Adult EFL Learners in Indonesia: Strengths and Weaknesses
Authors: Fransiska Widia , Habibi Ali
Published: March 2021

The study of second language acquisition (SLA) concerns not only the way to learn a second language (L2), but also the unique language system created by language learners (interlanguage). This qualitative study analyzed EFL learners’ interlanguage by focusing on their strengths and weaknesses in speaking English, especially on phonological, grammatical and pragmatic competence in speaking English. The language data were obtained from a recorded conversation between two non-native English speakers from Indonesia. The data were analysed by referring to contrastive analysis, error analysis and the socio-cultural perspective in SLA. The results indicated that although both learners had a strong L1 accent, the learners did not face any difficulty in constructing English sentences in the right sentence order (SVO). In addition, when facing difficulties in speaking English, the learners were seen to ask and provide support to each other, as well as to talk to themselves (private speech). In terms of weaknesses, the study found that the learners often mispronounced the letter “t” in English as the sound of “t” in Indonesian, made grammatical errors in subject and verb agreement, and applied Indonesia’s pragmatic concepts when speaking English. The study suggests that it is necessary to have a positive view on learners’ interlanguage as it can be used as a tool to learn a second language.
Keywords: Contrastive analysis, error analysis, interlanguage, second language acquisition, socio-cultural perspective in SLA.
Multilingualism on the Internet in Jackson Wang Got7 Instagram Captions
Authors: Fani Seyu , . Wariyati , Husein Rahmad
Published: March 2021

This study was conducted to identify the dominance, frequency and percentage of multilingualism on the internet in Jackson Wang Got7 Instagram captions. Jackson Wang is a singer from South Korean who was born in Hong Kong and actively promotes his songs all over the world. This study focused on analyzing his Instagram and identifying the multilingualism in the recent captions. This study employed qualitative methods and an observation approach. The data were collected by taking text from the Instagram captions and identifying the language. Descriptive statistics were used where the frequency was tabulated and converted into percentages. The findings showed that Jackson Wang predominantly spoke Mandarin, which illustrated the background of his life as he was born in Hong Kong.
Keywords: Multilingualism, Internet, Instagram, Caption
Legal Aspects of Brokerage in Pre-Revolutionary Russia
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure of the Law Faculty of the National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Burova Aleksandra Yu.
Published: March 2021

In this article brokerage as a widespread phenomenon in pre-revolutionary Russia is analyzed from a legal point of view. Reasons of appearance and chronology of development of this institute are opened, differences between maklers and other intermediaries are explained, also differences between stockbrokers and private brokers, official and unofficial maklers are shown. The author pays attention to legal analysis of legal texts in pre-revolutionary Russia which regulate makler`s activity, examines makler`s duties and peculiarities of his activity. An attempt to explain specific legal provisions concerning makler`s activity is made. Simultaneously the author is based on researches of national legal scholars. In this article there are some conclusions that there was no legal regulation of brokerage contracts in pre-revolutionary Russia and that a brokerage contract was considered to be oral. The nature and peculiarities of brokerage contracts are examined, in particular a problem of paying honorary (brokerage fee) to a makler.It is also stated that except stock-brokers private maklers existed. Based on this research the author has grounds to state that some elements of brokerage might be assumed by modern legislators taking into account day-to-day realities.
The Idea of Determinacy of the Supreme Government by Electoral Technologies in the European Medieval State Legal Tradition
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Theory of Law and Law Enforcement of the St. Petersburg University of Humanities and Social Sciences PhD (History), Kovalev Viktor A. , Krylov Konstantin E. ,   Deputy Department Head of the ITMO University
Published: March 2021

The main theme of the article is investigation of the electoral culture in the European political and legal thought. Authors argue the ancient sources of this tradition tracing it from the three sources — Roman, German and Christian political thoughts. During the Middle Ages European legal concepts of the supreme power’s nature oscillated between hereditary and election as a foundation of the supreme power. Only on the edge of the Middle Ages and the Modern Era monarchy became strait hereditary. The idea of election did not disappear, remains the core ingridient of the image of power’s legitimacy.
The Main Tendencies of Criminal Law Protection of Natural Objects in the History of the Russian Laws (the Middle of the XVII to the Early XX Century)
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Theory of State and Law of the Astrakhan State University PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Arsenyeva Galina V. , Khramova Irina S. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of State and Legal Disciplines of the Astrakhan State University PhD (Law), Associate Professor
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the evolution of Russian legislation on environmental crime. The empirical basis of the study was made up of legislative acts of the mid-XVII — early XX centuries. The main trends in the evolution of criminal law protection of natural objects are revealed. The authors came to the conclusion that despite a certain unsystematic and casuistic nature of the legislation establishing responsibility for environmental crimes, the provisions of legislative acts of the mid-XVII — early XX centuries served as the basis for further development of the system of environmental crimes.
Income Generating Activities of Educational Military Organizations of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law of the Novosibirsk Military Institute Named After General of the Army I.K. Yakovlev of National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation Senior Research Scientist of the Department of Social and Legal Research of the Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences PhD (Law), Abakumova Ekaterina B.
Published: March 2021

Military educational organizations, being subjects of educational relations, act primarily as subjects of public, not private law. They can engage in income-generating activities that are provided for in the Charter and serve the main purpose of their creation. This article analyzes the theoretical approaches to the concepts of “income-generating activities”, gives a classification of types of income — generating activities of educational organizations, considers the regulatory framework for the implementation of income-generating activities of educational military organizations of higher education of the national guard of the Russian Federation.
Identification of Mobile Phone Usage's Shifting Among Students
Authors: Sutisna Deni , Widodo Arif , Anar Ashar Pajarungi , Indraswati Dyah , Nursaptini Nursaptini
Published: March 2021

This study aims to identify the use of mobile phones in SMAN 1 Pangalengan. The survey was conducted on 100 students. Data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis uses quantitative descriptive methods. The results showed students tend to utilize social media such as Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp. Other uses for browsing, gaming, and entrepreneurship. Survey results show that 92% of students use WhatsApp to communicate and 82% of students use mobile phones to access social media. This shows the pattern of mobile phone use has shifted among students although basically, it does not change the main function.
Clinical Characteristics and Complications in Patients Undergoing Permanent Pacemaker Implantation
Authors: Mabika Mazwi , Mpanya Dineo , Patel Anupa , Kalk Thomas , Tsabedze Nqoba
Published: March 2021

Background: Pacemakers are electronic impulse generators that are implanted to restore a regular heart rhythm in patients with symptomatic bradycardia. A large body of epidemiological data on permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) originates from developed countries with minimal data from developing regions, especially sub-Saharan Africa. This study aims to describe patient demographics, clinical indications, short-term and long-term complications in patients undergoing PPI at the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, which is a large urban public teaching hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed in-patient and out-patient medical records of consecutive patients who underwent index PPI over ten years (January 2009 to November 2018).

Results: The study cohort comprised of 565 patients, of which 325 (57.52%) were female. The median age at first PPI was 71.8 [interquartile range: 61.7–78.8] years. The indications for pacemaker implantation were atrioventricular (AV) block in 417 (73.81%) and sinus node dysfunction in 114 (20.18%). A total of 40 (7.08%) patients experienced PPI-related complications. Lead dislodgement was the most common complication occurring in 16 (3.05%) patients. Females were 3.8 times more likely to experience a complication [odds ratio (OR): 3.80; 95% CI: 1.40–10.32, P = 0.009].

Conclusion: In this study, AV block was the most common indication for PPI, and the complication rate was found to be 7.08%. Furthermore, the risk of developing a complication was significantly higher in females.
The Evolving Antibiotic Profile of Paediatric Urinary Tract Infections at a Tertiary Hospital in Cape Town
Authors: Irusen Shaegan , Rabie Helena , du Buisson Christel
Published: March 2021

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common problem in infants presenting to hospitals with fever. International data reports that uropathogens and their associated antibiotic susceptibility is evolving. This study describes the organism profile and the respective antibiotic resistance patterns in a paediatric unit at a tertiary hospital in the Western Cape, South Africa.

Methods: A retrospective study on urine samples sent to the National Health Laboratory Service from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2013 was performed. UTI was defined as a single organism growth >105 cfu/ml and leukocytes >1000 cells/ml. The organisms and antibiotic sensitivities were described and stratified into either community, hospital-associated or hospital-acquired infections.

Results: Two hundred and eighty-two samples met the study definitions for inclusion in the study. Escherichia coli was cultured most frequently (50.7%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.7%) and Proteus mirabilis (4.6%). Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms accounted for 26.6% of identified UTI; K. pneumoniae accounted for 54/75 (72%) of those infections. Of ESBL-producing organisms, 6.7% of E. coli were sensitive to piperacillin–tazobactam and 33.3% to amikacin. K. pneumoniae displayed 18.5% and 68.5% sensitivity to piperacillin–tazobactam and amikacin, respectively. E. coli isolates were highly resistant to amoxicillin/ampicillin (90.8%). K. pneumoniae demonstrated high rates of resistance to co-amoxiclavulanate acid (88.7%) and cefotaxime/ceftriaxone (98.2%).

Conclusion: The organism population and antibiotic sensitivity profile is evolving in-line with published data. These antibiograms support current hospital policy to treat hospital-associated and acquired infections with piperacillin–tazobactam and amikacin empirically thereby limiting carbapenem drug pressure. Predictors for uropathogen antibiotic resistance require further investigation.
COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
Authors: Saggers Robin T.
Published: March 2021

Setting: A literature review was undertaken to provide an overview of the evidence of COVID-19 in the paediatric population with special interest in the South African situation.

Key Messages: Children of all ages are susceptible to COVID-19, yet they largely have asymptomatic or mild forms of the disease. Despite most cases not being severe, clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for COVID-19 infection in children and monitor for progression of illness, particularly among infants and children with underlying conditions, who may have more severe disease. The serious and life-threatening presentation of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children is important to recognise, but outcomes are good if referral to an appropriate setting is undertaken and management initiated early.

Conclusions: While the disease itself mostly spares children, measures taken to curb the spread of the virus may have detrimental effects on children, particularly in low-and-middle-income settings. More research is needed into the long-term outcomes of COVID-19 in children.
Influenza: The Ongoing Risk
Authors: Richards Guy A. , Feldman Charles
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has eclipsed seasonal influenza in perceived importance. It is critical, however, that we remain aware of the importance of influenza as a pathogen and encourage as many people as possible to vaccinate, but particularly those at risk. Benefits accrue even if the vaccine is only partially effective. This relates to a reduction in transmission, antibiotic use, secondary bacterial infections, myocardial injury, healthcare costs and mortality. We dare not have our attention completely diverted from influenza as the consequences could be dire. This review examines the health impact of influenza and discusses appropriate preventative measures.
Evaluation of the antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of the essential oil of dry and humid leaves of Guaviduca (Piper carpunya Ruiz & Pav.)
Authors:   Universidad Estatal Amazónica. Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra. Puyo, Ecuador., Enríquez Estrella Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2021

El presente estudio evaluó la capacidad antioxidante y contenido de compuestos fenólicos de la hoja cruda y seca de la Guaviduca (Piper carpunya Ruiz & Pav.), siendo la capacidad antioxidante determinada por el método FRAP (Ferric ion reducing antioxidant Power) y ABTS (Ácido 2,2 –azinobis (3etilbenzotiazolin) 6sulfónico), y el contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales usando el método FolinCiocalteau, como resultado evidenciamos que existe una elevada actividad fenólica en aceites esencial obtenido de las hojas húmedas así como la actividad antioxidante total por el método FRAP y ABTS. En conclusión, determinamos que la capacidad antioxidante obtenida por los 2 métodos FRAP Y ABTS esta correlacionada con el contenido de fenoles totales.
Retention efficiency of the sewage treatment plant of Trenque Lauquen city (Buenos Aires)
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Argentina, Pilati Alberto , Fresia Germán ,   Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Argentina
Published: March 2021

La planta de tratamientos de líquidos cloacales de Trenque Lauquen fue creada en 1992 cuando la población era sustancialmente menor. El objetivo fue determinar la eficiencia de retención de la misma ya que sus efluentes podrían causar un fuerte impacto negativo sobre el cuenco receptor. Para evaluar la eficiencia en condiciones extremas de temperatura, se tomaron muestras de sólidos suspendidos totales (SST), clorofila, y nitrógeno (NT) y fósforo (PT) totales a lo largo de la planta en invierno y verano. Se encontró que el pozo Imhoff retiene 2437 % de SST y siempre retuvo el 100 % de los sólidos suspendidos inorgánicos. Si bien la planta retuvo entre 1120 % de NT y 1117 % de PT, los valores de descarga de la planta (2341 mgNT/L y 3,94,1 mgPT/L) todavía exceden lo permitido por la ley. Las variaciones en la retención entre estaciones contrastantes se debió principalmente a un aumento de la actividad biológica en verano. La eficiencia de retención podría mejorarse con el uso de fitorremediadores, realizando tareas de mantenimiento y ampliación de las instalaciones actuales.
The The Impact of Demographic Characteristics on Academic Performance: Face-to-Face Learning Versus Distance Learning Implemented to Prevent the Spread of COVID-19
Authors: Ghaleb A. El Refae Ghaleb , Kaba Abdoulaye , Eletter Shorouq
Published: March 2021

The spread of COVID-19 presents an opportunity for many educational institutions to implement distance learning and ensure the provision of educational resources and services, secure income and revenues, and contribute to the control and prevention of the coronavirus. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of demographic characteristics on academic performance. Students’ grades and grade point averages (GPA) were collected from the Admission and Registration Unit, Al Ain University in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. The data were used to measure academic performance in face-to-face (F2F) learning and distance learning (DL) implemented by the university to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Statistical analysis including the Mann-Whitney test, Spearman’s rho test, and a regression test were used to answer research questions and verify hypotheses. Students demonstrated better academic performance in DL than F2F learning. It was found that the number of weak students in F2F learning dropped sharply by more than 11% in DL. Demographic characteristics demonstrated a significant impact on students’ academic performance and predicted at least 7.4% variation in F2F learning and DL. Findings of the study support the model developed by Tinto (1975) which proposed the impact of student’s attributes, experiences, and family backgrounds on academic performance. The findings suggest non-DL institutions should continue offering DL side-by-side with F2F learning programs.
The Relationship Between Learning Mode and Student Performance in an Undergraduate Elementary Statistics Course in the United States
Authors: Griffith John C. , Faulconer Emily K. , McMasters Bobby L.
Published: March 2021

Faculty have conducted many studies on the relationship between learning mode and student performance but few researchers have evaluated final grades, grade distribution, and pass rates in a sophomore introductory statistics course with a non-traditional student population who self-selected the learning mode from among different course sections. Accordingly, we examined 307 end-of-course grades from four different modes of instruction: (a) online, (b) videosynchronous learning classroom, (c) videosynchronous learning home, and (d) traditional classroom in an introductory statistics course. All data on grades, which included pass rate and grade distribution, were collected from the nine-week January 2019 term. All learning modes used the same text, syllabus, assignments, quizzes, and tests. In this study, learning mode was not significantly related to end-of-course score, final grade distribution, or pass rate. Future researchers should explore the impacts of gender, instructor quality, different term lengths, and the standardized use of textbooks and syllabi on student performance when exploring the impact of learning mode on grades, grade distribution, and pass rates.
Learners’ Satisfaction With the Website Performance of an Open and Distance Learning Institution: A Case Study
Authors: Datt Gopal , Singh Gagan
Published: March 2021

This paper explores learners’ awareness of and satisfaction with the e-services that an open university provides its learners through its Website. The paper further highlights the influence of age, gender, and education levels on learners’ awareness and satisfaction levels. A case-study approach was adopted and an online survey was used to collect data from learners in various programs of study at Uttarakhand Open University, India. The questionnaire measured the awareness levels of learners regarding 15 frequently used e-services and their satisfaction levels with the 12 most frequently used e-services that the university offers. Results show that gender, age, and education level have a significant influence on the awareness and satisfaction level of the participants. When maturity level and education level of the participants increased, they are more aware of the e-services provided by the University. In some cases, up to 58% of users were unaware of the university’s e-services, and a large number of respondents were either dissatisfied with or undecided regarding the university’s e-services. Results indicate that infrastructure is required for learners’ optimal use of information and communication technology and the e-services that the university offers, including the provision of Internet connectivity at all of the university’s learning support centers.
Hubungan Stres Kerja dengan Kelelahan Kerja Petani Karet di PTPN XII Kebun Renteng, Ajung-Jember
Authors: Ningrum Sari Mulia , Dewi Erti Ikhtiarini , Kurniyawan Enggal Hadi
Published: March 2021

Rubber farmers often face heavy workload problems, cold weather, and unsafe environmental conditions that cause job stress and work fatigue. The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between job stress and work fatigue of rubber farmers. The study design used observational analytic research with cross-sectional approach and a simple random sampling technique. There were 78 respondents. Data were collected using the job stress questionnaire and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Data analysis was performed by Spearman-rank Correlation test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that from 78 people there were 73 people (92.6%) experienced severe stress. And as many as 78 respondents (100%) experienced high work fatigue. There was a significant relationship between job stress and work fatigue of rubber farmers in PTPN XII Renteng Gardens, Ajung-Jember (p-value 0,000; r = 0.538). A positive relationship meaning the higher of job stress the higher of work fatigue. Farmers were recommended to do relaxation therapy to prevent work fatigue due to work stress.
Daya Hambat Ekstrak Kulit Semangka (Citrullus lanatus) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans
Authors: Maghfiroh Nindya Nur , Prihanti Ayu Mashartini , Purwanto Purwanto
Published: March 2021

Candida albicans is normal flora found in the oral mucosa in healthy individuals but has opportunistic pathogenic properties. The change in the oral cavity's environmental conditions can cause C. albicans to turn into a pathogen and cause oral candidiasis. Antifungal drugs that are common used for the treatment of oral candidiasis are topical nystatin preparations. Nystatin is an antifungal drug from the polyene group produced by Streptomyces noursei, which is thought to be very effective in treating diseases caused by C. albicans with a success rate 79.6 - 87.5%. The previous study showed that watermelon peel extract contains active compounds of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The active compound is known to have antifungal activity. The study aimed to determine the ability of watermelon peel extract to inhibit the growth of C. albicans. The type of research conducted is experimental laboratories using the post-test only control group design. The observations in this study about the inhibitory power of watermelon rind extract (Citrullus lanatus) on the growth of C. albicans showed that there were inhibitory zones of watermelon skin extract on the growth of C. albicans.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Kombinasi Vitamin C dan Amoksisilin sebagai Bahan Alternatif Intrakanal Medikamen terhadap Enterococcus faecalis secara In Vitro
Authors: Ayuningtyas Julia Eka Putri , Astuti Pudji , Fatmawati Dwi Warna Aju
Published: March 2021

Bacteria that are often found in cases of pulp necrosis and root canal treatment are Enterococcus faecalis. Elimination of microorganisms in the root canal can use intracanal medicament. The intracanal medicament can be used from antibiotics such as amoxicillin. The antibacterial power of amoxicillin can be increased by combination with vitamin C to prevent resistance. This research aimed to determine the zone of inhibition of vitamin C and amoxicillin against Enterococcus faecalis. The method used in this study is well diffusion method. Inhibition is shown through the clear zone around the wellbore at 24 hours, 48 ​​hours, 72 hours after incubation. The number of research samples is 16 consisted of 4 groups consisting of amoxicillin, vitamin C, a combination of vitamin C and amoxicillin, and 3 MIX MP. The data were tested by non-parametric statistical analysis Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney. The result showed that vitamin C and amoxicillin's antibacterial activity as alternative material intracanal medicament is equivalent to antibacterial 3 MIX MP.
Clinical and Therapeutic Approach to Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Pediatric Cohort in Portugal
Authors: Saraiva Bárbara Martins , Garcia Ana Margarida , Silva Tiago Milheiro , Gouveia Catarina , Brito Maria João
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19, in children is usually a mild disease, but severe illness has been reported. Currently, the therapy benefits of antiviral experimental drugs are still uncertain. The main aim of this study is to describe the experience of a level III hospital regarding therapeutic management of hospitalized children with COVID-19 and to characterize clinical features and evolution.Material and Methods: This is a descriptive study of patients with COVID-19 in a level III pediatric hospital in Portugal between March and June 2020. Experimental drugs were administered according to the best scientific evidence at the time as ‘off-label use’.Results: Among 200 children with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 37 were admitted due to COVID-19. Median age was one year (23 days - 18 years), 43% had comorbidities and 20/37 (54%) received antiviral therapy. Hydroxychloroquine was administered in 13 patients, in monotherapy or combined with lopinavir/ritonavir or azithromycin. Lopinavir/ritonavir was administered in eight patients and three children were treated with remdesivir. The patients who were treated had pneumonia (14), multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (2), sepsis (2), myocarditis (1), acute respiratory distress syndrome (1), and mild illness with comorbidities (3). Other therapies included methylprednisolone and immunoglobulin (3), enoxaparin (2), antibiotics (16), oxygen (7), corticosteroids, and other inhaled therapy (16).Discussion: Several treatment approaches have been proposed for severe COVID-19, even though none of them had been proven effective or approved for small children. Currently, remdesivir is approved for children aged above 12 years-old. Although 54% of our patients were treated with antivirals, it is important to understand that the favorable clinical evolution could be related with the natural course of the disease.Conclusion: A significant proportion of our population presented severe and critical disease, was hospitalized and received treatment according to the most recent data, although most patients had mild disease. COVID-19 treatment in children is a clinical challenge and clinical trials are urgently needed.
A intenção de compra de cerveja artesanal com aplicação de realidade aumentada
Authors: Rodrigues Sandra Maria , Castelo José Sarto Freire , Souza Lucas Lopes Ferreira
Published: March 2021

ResumoObjetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar a característica psicográfica dos consumidores a partir da intenção de compra para cerveja artesanal com aplicação de realidade aumentada.Metodologia: Metodologia de pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, aplicada por meio de um survey com amostra não-probabilística de 203 respondentes com aplicação de um vídeo baseado em realidade aumenta e analisado por meio de correlação de Pearson e análise de variância.Originalidade: A aplicação da realidade aumentada ainda é escassa nas pesquisas de marketing. Desta forma, essa pesquisa utiliza-se da realizada aumentada como ferramenta para medir a intenção de consumo de cervejas artesanais por meio de uma segmentação psicográfica. A importância desta pesquisa se dá pela originalidade de entender qual a correlação da realidade aumentada com intenção de compra dos consumidores por meio de segmentação psicográfica, contribuindo assim para as decisões dos gestores de marketing. Reconhece-se também a influência das variáveis em cada grupo consumidores de cerveja baseado em seu perfil psicográfico.Resultados: Os resultados obtidos identificaram a existência de intenção de compra nos perfis demográficos e psicográficos, sendo que os consumidores de cerveja artesanal, em sua maioria, são homens maduros, com renda e grau de instrução elevado no contexto da aplicação de realidade aumentada. Além disso, o perfil psicográfico influencia no hábito de consumo dos indivíduos. Desta forma, são sugeridas usos da realidade aumentada para atender aos perfis psicográficos encntrados entre os consumidores de cerveja.Contribuições: A pesquisa contribuir com a utilização da realidade aumentada como meio de influenciar a intenção de compra a partir da segmentação psicográfica.
NOS LUGARES ACOSTUMADOS, O DESEJO
Authors: Cardoso Nathalia
Published: March 2021

A leitura do texto literário na escola, muitas vezes, remonta a matrizes epistemológicas embasadas em obediência, exclusão e funcionalização de corpos e subjetividades. Diante desse cenário, exploramos neste artigo uma experiência de educação literária realizada numa turma de 8º ano do Ensino Fundamental de escola federal da Zona Sul do Rio de Janeiro. Para isso, utilizamos os conceitos de “leitura subjetiva”, de Annie Rouxel, de “conversa literária”, de Cecília Bajour, e de “estética da existência”, de Michel Foucault, considerando que o trabalho com o texto literário produz liberdade(s) e (re)existência a determinados exercícios de poder-saber que ainda vigoram na escola.
O ENSINO DE LITERATURA E AS PRÁTICAS DE LEITURAS LITERÁRIAS DOS JOVENS ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Da Silva Sodré Patricia Rosicleia , Silva Arlene Batista da
Published: March 2021

Esse artigo é parte da pesquisa de mestrado que investigou as experiências literárias dos alunos concluintes da educação básica, em uma escola pública estadual do ES, na tentativa de compreender como se dão as práticas de leitura desses jovens. Pretende-se dar visibilidade às experiências literárias dos alunos, inspirar novas abordagens investigativas com vistas à melhoria do ensino da literatura e estimular as discussões acerca da educação literária. Para isso, respaldamos nossa análise nos seguintes teóricos: Antonio Candido (1972, 2011); Roger Chartier (1999, 2002); Annie Rouxel (2012, 2013) e Neide Rezende (2013, 2018), entre outros.
LEITURA COMPARTILHADA
Authors: De Freitas Santos Érick Airton , Barboza de Araújo Batista Valdirene
Published: March 2021

Muitas pesquisas sobre o ensino da literatura vêm sendo desenvolvidas no Brasil e, não raro, expõem percalços enfrentados pelos educadores para consolidar essa prática em ambiente escolar. Ainda que, atualmente, os professores tenham à disposição uma biografia teórico-metodológica que preconiza o ensino da literatura de modo relevante, ainda há muitas fragilidades nesse processo. Nesses termos, conscientes dos diversos fatores ligados à formação de leitores literários, objetivamos discutir alguns entraves que dificultam a educação literária e, ao mesmo tempo, socializar uma experiência positiva com a leitura compartilhada, uma promissora estratégia metodológica para o ensino da literatura em contexto escolar.
ESCOLHAS LITERÁRIAS E USO DE ANTOLOGIAS POÉTICAS NA SALA DE AULA DO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Bunzen Júnior Clecio dos Santos , Dantas Lucas
Published: March 2021

A seleção dos textos literários para trabalhar com as turmas do Ensino Médio tem sido um desafio para os(as) professores(as), uma vez que a autoria docente e os aspectos pedagógicos (curriculares, didáticos, etc.) atravessam tais escolhas. No intuito de refletir sobre a mediação do texto literário na escola, trazemos uma experiência recente com a construção de uma antologia poética a qual foi utilizada em um turma do 2º ano do Ensino Médio, no contexto do estágio supervisionado de um curso de Letras. A partir de tal experiência, discutiremos sobre os critérios e (im)possibilidades para organizar uma antologia para jovens do ensino médio, afastando-se das escolhas prescritas pelos exames vestibulares e pelos livros didáticos. Ao mesmo tempo, o uso da antologia implicou uma reflexão pedagógica sobre os modos de ler e de avaliar a compreensão do texto na escola, destacando os processos singulares e subjetivos de apreciação estética e ética dos leitores.
Assessment of bioclimatic sensitive spatial planning in a Turkish city, Eskisehir
Authors:   Atatürk Üniversitesi, Toy Süleyman , Çağlak Savaş ,   19 Mayıs University, Graduate School of Social Sciences, Esringü Aslıhan ,   Assoc. Prof. Dr. at Atatürk University Landscape Architecture Department
Published: March 2021

The city of Eskişehir is located in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey, where harsh continental climatic characteristics are prevalent (i.e., cold winters and hot summers). In recent years, quality and quantity of studies on bioclimatic comfort have increased both all over the world and in Turkey. Outdoor bioclimatic comfort conditions are counted amongst the indicators of human quality of life in urban environments, together with other physical, social and economic features such as air quality, GDP, and possibilities of social activities. The calculated values representing bioclimatic comfort conditions have been used instead of individual mean values of some climatic elements, in order to provide an insight of the liveability of a city. The aim of the present research study is to determine: (1) hourly bioclimatic comfort conditions in the Eskişehir city center during sultry summer days, considering bioclimatic comfort values calculated according to 12-year data from urban, sub-urban and rural areas using the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) index and RayMan software for the calculation of solar radiation fluxes on individuals in the hottest five months of the year; (2) the spatial distribution of these comfort values in decades (10-day intervals) using Geographic Information Systems and raster maps, taking into consideration elevation and land use; and (3) which urban design and planning principles could be adopted to deal with adverse thermal comfort conditions triggered by the urban heat island (UHI) effect. The results of the study indicate that the poorest comfort conditions are provided in urban areas, while rural areas are more advantageous in terms of comfort conditions. New bioclimatic-sensitive urban design principles are taken into consideration to create more comfortable areas from the bioclimatic perspective (i.e., windier and less humid sites open to the prevalent wind direction and out of heat stress).