bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CULTURE FACTOR IN THE POLICY OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN
Authors: Kameneva Marina , Paymakova Elena
Published: November 2021

The article notes that the theme of culture and cultural policy for modern Iran is not a marginal issue. Culture is seen by the country’s leadership as an important component of its state political and ideological doctrine. There is analyzed the role of the Islamic factor and cultural heritage in the cultural policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran over four decades of its existence. Particular attention is paid to the role of the theory of the dialogue of civilizations proposed by M. Khatami as well as to the changing attitude towards it in the public consciousness of Iranian society. It is emphasized that the theme of “Iran and the West” is becoming particularly acute in the country today, contributing to its politicization. An attempt is being made to show that Iranian culture is increasingly becoming an important factor in the foreign policy activities of the leadership of the Islamic Republic of Iran, contributing to the strengthening of the country’s position in the world arena as a whole and the country’s leading role in the region, the realization of the idea of exporting the Islamic Revolution and implementing Iranian cultural expansion outside the country.
FAITH AND INFIDELITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NOTION SYSTEM IN THE WORKS BY MAHMUD SHABISTARI
Authors: Lukashev Andrey
Published: November 2021

The main thesis of the article is that the matter of religious tolerance in the works by a concrete author shall be researched in a wider context of his worldview. An author’s worldview can be reconstructed at the basis of his texts, and the consistency in the main notions’ propositions can unveil the consistency of his thought. The research is based mainly on the works by one of the most prominent medieval Persian Sufi writers – Mahmud Shabistari (1288–1321). For the matter of religious tolerance is a very important part of his worldview, the research of general logic of his worldview structure will help us to see the reason of his special approach to interpret the matter of faith and infidelity. Hence, in the first part of the paper we show the propositions that link the main notions of Shabistari’s worldview together and reconstruct in general the consistence of his worldview on the basis of the researched notion system. In the second part of the paper, we use the obtained results to interpret the poet’s idea of the faith and infidelity relation in the context of his worldview.
AN UNSTEADY ‘WALL OF SEPARATION’: A FEW CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Smith L. Scott
Published: November 2021

This is a polemical essay concerning the "wall of separation" between church and state in the United States of America. The author observes that there is a political struggle between defenders of religion, primarily Christians, on the one hand, and secularists on the other. Typical reasons given by secularists for a hard and fast division between church and state, and/or religion and politics, are historical, constitutional, and cultural. Underlying all of these reasons perhaps is the idea that faith is cognitively inferior to knowledge and therefore has no place in the public square. The author vigorously contests each aspect of the secularists' position and explores in further detail the epistemological distinctions between faith and knowledge.
PEMERIKSAAN MOBILE FORENSIK TERHADAP HANDPHONE SECARA PHYSICAL EXTRACTION DENGAN PERBEDAAN JENIS SOFTWARE
Authors: Saputra Hasta , Zeno Alkindi Tris , Priyanto Hery , Dwisetiyono Agus , Zulfikar sidik Panji
Published: November 2021

One of the electronic evidence found at the crime scene or related to cases, both criminal and civil, is cellphone evidence. To prove the presence or absence of the perpetrator's involvement with the use of mobile forensic examination techniques by physical extraction through analysis of digital traces in the form of call logs, SMS, phonebooks and other files where the data has been deleted. Several factors affect the physical extraction method, namely the software used. Mobile forensic examination software used to examine electronic evidence such as cellphones in forensic laboratories is Ufed Cellebrite 4 PC and XRY Microsystem. In this study, the level of success of the physical extraction method was investigated on evidence of a Nokia 105 (TA-1174) mobile phone with different software, namely Ufed Cellebrite 4 PC and XRY Micro Systemation. Extraction was carried out using the physical boot loader method on the memory in the Nokia 105 (TA-1174) mobile phone IMEI 1: 353810821569303 IMEI 2: 353810821569306. by using Ufed 4 Pc software and XRY Microsystemation, where the extraction results obtained, especially call logs, SMS and data that have been deleted using XRY Micrososystemation software, have the most complete success rate. This relates to the ability of each software in parsing/dumping and decoding processes.
Hiberno-Rossica: 'Knowledge in the Clouds' in Old Irish and Old Russian
Authors: Bondarenko Grigory
Published: November 2021

The present discussion aims to deal with one rare example of formulaic similarities in Old Irish and Old Russian poetic speech. In the past years several studies appeared devoted to Celto-Slavic isoglosses or correspondences in theonymics and mythopoetic language. The paper is focused on two particular fragments in two Old Irish and Old Russian texts (the former is much less known than the latter) with a special emphasis on the semantics and poetic rules, which are common for both examples. The first text is an Old Irish poem Immaccallam in druad Brain ocus inna banfhátho hóas Loch Febuil (‘The dialogue of Bran’s druid and Febul’s prophetess above Loch Febuil’, further IDB).

An Old Russian text to be compared is a fragment from the late 12th century epic ‘The Song of Igor’s Campaign’ (Слово о плъку Игоревѣ, Slovo o plъku Igoreve). An attempt is made to tackle the problem of common Indo-European ancestry for the discussed formula (‘knowledge in the clouds’) with its variants (lluid mo fhius co ardníulu; летая умомъ подъ облакъı) present in the both texts and cultural realities, which the formula might reflect.

Both Old Irish and Old Russian examples attracted scholars’ attention and were labelled as ‘shamanic experience’ (Carney). It is significant that both protagonists in these poems are not only poets: in Old Irish it is druí ‘druid’ and in Old Russian it is вѣщии ‘wizard’. It is rather difficult to ascribe definite social, cultural and religious functions to both these terms in early Christian Ireland and in medieval Rus’. One can evidently accept that druids held a function of priests in early Celtic societies. The same position is likely to be held by druids in pre-Christian Ireland (cf. episode of the bull sacrifice in Serglige Con Culainn).

In Old Russian no priestly functions of вѣщiй, вѣщунъ are attested. Nevertheless Old Russian влъсви (wizards, magi; stands for μάγοι in the Gospels where OI has druid) definitely performed functions of pagan priests sometimes associated with shamanic activity. To a certain extent both OI and OR narratives reflect the particular link between the poet’s and the priest’s activity: both fragments refer to poet’s perception of the world, a specific cosmological scheme.
The Celts and the Slavs: On K. H. Schmidt's Hypothesis on the Eastern Origin of the Celts
Authors: Kalygin Viktor
Published: November 2021

The current paper is an homage to the works of K. H. Schmidt; it explores a number of linguistic links between Celtic and Slavic branches of Indo-European. Special attention is devoted to the relative chronology of possible contacts of Celtic and Slavic tribes, and an attempt to fit those into the general European picture is made. First, the author points out to the existence of *-sie-/-sio- future forms in Continental Celtic, which stand as good evidence for contacts of at least some Celtic tribes with Eastern Europeans. Alongside with this go such parallels as the relative pronoun *ios and reduplicated desiderative (preserved in Old Irish as future). Second, there are number of Celto-Slavic isoglosses; these sometimes show identical, sometimes different grades of ablaut, as well as variations in suffixation. Here the author analyses a handful of popular etymological suggestions and finds a few of them unsatisfactory. Finally, the author mentions such long-distanced parallels between Celtic and Slavic, as the development of the system of aspect, on the one hand, and palatalisation, on the other.
What's in Celto-Slavica?
Authors: Tristram Hildegard L. C.
Published: November 2021

Concluding remarks from the 1st International Colloquium of the Societas Celto-Slavica
Russia, Cradle of the Gael
Authors: Carey John
Published: November 2021

The pseudohistorical doctrines that the early Gaels had close relations with the Israelites, that their ancestry connects them with ancient Egypt, and that they came to Ireland from Spain, have been variously exploited for propaganda purposes over the centuries — the last of these traditions, indeed, is still widely believed to reflect an actual Iron Age migration.

The idea that the Gaels were Greeks has received less attention, although a recent extended study by Bart Jaski has gone some way toward redressing the balance. But there is another doctrine which has, so far as I can tell, played no part in constituting contemporary ideas of Irish identity: the assertion that the first patriarch of the Gaels was the ruler of Scythia — roughly speaking the regions lying to the north of the Black Sea, including what are now Russia and Ukraine.

This idea can be traced back at least as far as the eighth century: how and why did it originate? In this paper I will review the conjectures which have so far been put forward as answers to this question, and will consider the associations which the concept ‘Scythian' had in the sources on which the Irish scholar(s) responsible for originating the doctrine are likeliest to have drawn.

The paper will proceed to look at the ways in which Scythia was imagined by the medieval Irish. Lebor Gabála gives us some notion of the geography of Scythia and of the lands adjacent to it: this can be supplemented from ancient sources, and from Irish geographical writings. There is also an intriguing account of dynastic warfare in Scythia extending over several generations, until the proto-Gaels were finally driven into exile: this is evidently modeled on the alternating kingship of the Northern and Southern Uí Néill in Ireland, suggesting at least one way in which the Irish thought of the Scythians as primeval counterparts of themselves, and of Scythia as a sort of ‘Ireland in the east’.

Finally, I intend to look at Irish scholarship in the early modern period, to see whether access to the new learning had any impact on the conception of Scythian origins. As is well known, the easternmost extension of Irish peregrinatio brought Gaelic monks to Kiev in the eleventh century. Little is known of their mission, and it can probably be adequately explained simply in terms of the adventurous restlessness of the peregrini themselves. It is tempting, however, to imagine that a part of their motivation may have been — as it was when their English missionary counterparts sought out the ‘Old Saxons’ — a desire to bring light to the land of their own origins.
Alt-celtischer Sprachschatz: The Ukranian Contribution
Authors: Falileyev Alexander
Published: November 2021

Celtic presence in the territory of what is now the Ukraine has been studied from different standpoints. Most considerable results have been achieved by archaeologists. Since the first finds of La Tène artefacts as early as 1844 much has been unearthed from Ukrainian soil to prove the fact that the western parts of the country were indeed inhabited by Celtic tribes. As archaeologists maintain, the earliest indications of Celtic material presence in Transcarpathia can be traced to the V-IV c. BC. Penetration of Celts in the area, however, begins only in the later part of the III century; see a useful summary by V. Bidzilja and M. Schukin in Slavjane i ich sosedi (Moscow 1993), 67-84. Further east Celtic influence can be traced in the so-called “La Tènized” archaeological cultures spread as far as the Dnepr (see e.g., V. Eremenko, ‘Keltskaja vual’ i Zarubinetskaja Kultura (St. Petersburg 1997); but note also S. Pachkova in Stratum Plus (2004/4), 74–87). The linguistic aspects of Celtic presence in Ukraine have also been considered. For obvious reasons it is not concerned with searching for borrowings from Celtic directly into Ukrainian. No inscriptions of Roman date which could contain Celtic place- or personal names are found in the area; and the ancient authors do not offer much information on the onomastic landscape of the region. Therefore, a linguistic study of Celtic presence in the area is confined to the analysis of toponymy. Sometimes existing linguistic attributions and etymological interpretations of the place-names are clearly naïve: for example, it is difficult to agree with some scholars who maintain that a Celtic tribal name Belgae is reflected in a Ukrainian place-name Belz. More interesting and thought-provoking observations have been made, of course. For example, the late O. Trubačov (Nazvanija rek pravoberežnoi Ukrainy (Moscow 1968), 210-1) suggested that the river-names Tynja (Тыня), Tnja (Тня) and perhaps also Otavin might be Celtic in origin. Having ruled out other linguistic attributions, he refers to a mountain-name Taunum in Germania which he believes is Celtic. One perhaps should consider here, however, a set of river-names collected by X. Delamarre in his Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise s.v. tauo- < tauso- ‘silencieux, tranquille’. Although there are certain problems with the semantics and etymology of the Gaulish word, and not all the examples quoted in DLG may be relevant (see G. R. Isaac, Place-Names in Ptolemy’s Geography (Aberystwyth 2004), comments to ‘Britannicae Insulae’, s.v. Taoúa p.e.), the river-names from Ukraine, if they are indeed Celtic, may also belong here
Obligatory and Non-Obligatory Control in Irish and Polish
Authors: Bondaruk Anna
Published: November 2021

This paper aims at establishing a typology of control in Irish and Polish non-finite clauses. First, seven classes of predicates taking non-finite complements in Irish and Polish are specified. They include: modal (e.g. must), aspectual (e.g. start), implicative (e.g. manage), factive (e.g. like), prepositional (e.g. say), desiderative (e.g. want) and interrogative verbs (e.g. ask). Whereas modals and aspectuals typically take raising complements, the remaining predicate classes require control complements. Control clauses in Polish always have a covert PRO subject, while in Irish their subject may be either the covert PRO or an overt DP. The PRO subject may be either obligatorily controlled or is controlled optionally.

The criteria adopted in distinguishing obligatory control (OC) from non-obligatory control (NOC) are based on Landau (2000) and comprise the following: (1) a. Arbitrary Control is impossible in OC, possible in NOC; b. Long-distance control is impossible in OC, possible in NOC; c. Strict reading of PRO is impossible in OC, possible in NOC; d. De re reading of PRO is impossible in OC (only de se), possible in NOC. The validity of these criteria for establishing the OC/NOC contrast in Irish and Polish is scrutinised.

Various contexts are examined where both these control types obtain in the two languages studied. Most notably, OC tends to occur in complement clauses, while NOC is often found in subject and adjunct clauses both in Irish and Polish. Within the class of OC, two subgroups are recognised, namely exhaustive control (EC) and partial control (PC).

The former control type holds when the reference of PRO and its antecedent are identical, whereas the latter type of control is attested when the reference of PRO covers the reference of its antecedent, but is not entirely co-extensive with it, e.g.: (2) a. Maryᵢ managed [PROᵢ to win] = EC; b. Maryᵢ wanted [PRO + to meet at 6] = PC.

EC and PC are found in analogous contexts in Irish and Polish. EC occurs in complements to modal, implicative and aspectual verbs, while PC is limited to complements to factive, desiderative, prepositional and interrogative predicates. It is argued that EC-complements lack independent tense specification, while PC-complements are marked for tense independent from the one expressed in the matrix clause. PC-complements both in Irish and Polish must contain a semantically plural predicate (cf. meet in (2b)), but they can never exhibit a syntactically plural element.
On the Function of Name in Irish and Slavonic Written Incantation Tradition
Authors: Mikhailova Tatyana
Published: November 2021

Each of the words of this topic needs a special commentary. Our study aims to shed some more light on the problem of typology of the magic texts as a special cultural phenomenon that obtains a constant character.

NAME. By the ‘name’ in charm tradition we mean two different types of usage of a personal name: (a) ‘background name’ and (b) ‘subject name’. By (a) we mean a traditional use of names of sacred Christian figures as well as of pagan mythological characters that create a specific background of the magic formula. It serves as an indicator of the compiler’s/user’s Christian or pagan character. But, in fact, it is very difficult to draw a strict distinction between the paganism and a so-called ‘naive Christianity’ in the primary sources (esp. in Slavic and, in particular, in Russian). Some further discussion can be provided by a more detailed analysis of a number of ‘background names’ used in charms. At the same time, being unique for the user, the names of celestial bodies, forces of nature, ‘daughters of the sea’ (in Irish lorica) etc. can fulfill the role of the ‘background name’. By (b) the ‘subject name’ we mean a proper name of an individual for (against) whom the magic text is once composed (pronounced, written etc).

WRITTEN TRADITION. Two different types of usage of the term are possible. On the one hand, we are dealing with a so called ‘naive recording’ (remembering) of the oral text, probably, for the purpose of its further (oral) reproduction. In this situation, we suppose, the use of the ‘subject name’ is impossible. On the other hand, the written tradition of magic texts presumes (and includes) a manufacturing of specific magical ‘artefacts’ (tablets, amulets, Old Russian ‘nauzes’ etc.). In this case the name fulfills its specific function. It creates a proper magical object (cf. Plotius, Caer, Mikhej of a Novgorod birchbark etc). The idea that the magical texts that use 1 sg. poss. pron. (me) as a subject may be reproduced orally (or in a written form) should be given some consideration. Me-tradition (not widespread in Russia) supposes the poly-functional use of a charm.

CHARM. By this term we mean both an incantation (a spell as a text and as a language artifact) and a magical action (a rite, including the manufacturing of an object with specific characters, for example, magical runes of Old Scandinavia).

The comparison between Mediaeval Irish and Russian charm traditions is possible due to the typological relation that exists between Irish and Russian cultures in the early period when Christianity coexisted with paganism. The more detailed analysis can be presented as a schema or a table, embracing all situations of the use of ‘charms’ in a traditional culture”.
Cú Chulainn and Il'ya of Murom: Two Heroes, and Some Variations on a Theme
Authors: Miller Dean
Published: November 2021

Cú Chulainn and Il’ya of Murom can be identified as emblematic heroes of the old (or early medieval) Irish and the medieval Slavo-Russian narrative contexts. They are drawn together most particularly because both are intimately involved in the scenario we call the “Father-son conflict,” a widely occurring Indo-European theme where the hero (knowingly or unwittingly) kills his heroic son.

In terms of this theme both of these figures resemble one another because of the violence of the combat and the un-warrior way in which it is resolved; Cú and Il’ya also show other resemblances: in physical size, ferocious temper, and some other characteristics. Il’ya is shown (by de Vries, e.g.) to have found a place in the German medieval narratives; the direct Celtic connection may not be far to seek.

However, this paper is most concerned with that combat of father against son, and here I must extend (and complicate) the context and bring in the Greek mythic material, most obviously the “Oedipal shift,” where son slays father. How can this shift be explained? The most believable explanation would seem to point to the “political” development of Greek society; the archaic mobility of the old (archaic) hero is caught and stabilized in the polis (heroic foundation of this or that city-state is widely seen — the hero's death is fatal but not final, and it “fertilizes” civic society). Oedipus may not be as important here as, in mythic terms, a pivotal figure such as the hero-king Theseus or (less pertinently) Herakles.

Another movement away from the archaic, pre-civic (pre-political) IE pattern might have to do with the importance of the Sovereignty Goddess figure: she is explicit in the Irish material (most famously, Queen Medb) and implicit in the Russo-Slavic context, while in ancient Greek myth Hera, surely a sexually potent Sovereignty Goddess if only in vestigial form, significantly gave way to the virginal Political Goddess, Athena.

My conclusions will necessarily be tentative, but will have to do with the complex interplay of individual, family, tribe (or community) and proto-polity as dramatized in hero-tales from the Celtic, Slavic, and Greek narrative contexts; we will see the “Father-son conflict” re-plotted (and re-cast) and we will look for further illumination here, where the importance of absolute temporal identification (we are dealing with different time periods as they generate our three groups of sources) gives way to thematic congruence — or variation.
Pengembangan media zoom pembelajaran berbasis aplikasi google class room pada mata kuliah umum
Authors: Tambunan James Ronald , Sartika Dewi
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) untuk menghasilkan media zoom pembelajaran berbasis Aplikasi Google Class Room pada mata kuliah umum, (2) untuk mengetahui keefektifan  pengembangan media zoom pembelajaran berbasis Aplikasi Google Class Room, (3) untuk mengetahui hasil belajar yang efektif terhadap zoom pembelajaran berbasis Aplikasi Google Class Room pada mata kuliah umum. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan yang menggunakan model pengembangan produk Borg and Gall yang dipadu dengan model desain pembelajaran dari Dick and Carey. Metode penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahapan, yang mana pada tahap pertama merupakan tahap uji coba produk yang terdiri dari: (1) validasi ahli materi pelajaran, (2) validasi ahli desain pembelajaran, (3) validasi ahli media pembelajaran, (4) uji coba perorangan, (5) uji coba kelompok kecil, dan (6) uji coba lapangan terbatas; adapun pada tahap kedua merupakan uji efektifitas produk dengan cara: (1) menguji normalitas data penelitian, (2) menguji homogenitas data penelitian, (3) menguji hipotesis penelitian, dan (4) menghitung nilai efektifitas zoom yang dikembangkan. Subjek uji coba produk dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari dua ahli materi mata kuliah umum, dua ahli desain pembelajaran, dua ahli media pembelajaran, tiga orang mahasiswa untuk uji coba perorangan, sembilan mahasiswa untuk uji coba kelompok kecil, dan tiga puluh orang mahasiswa untuk uji coba lapangan terbatas. Data-data tentang kualitas produk  pengembangan ini dikumpulkan melalui angket dan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) uji ahli materi berada pada kualifikasi sangat baik (94,11%), (2) uji ahli desain pembelajaran berada pada kualifikasi sangat baik (85,26%), (3) uji ahli media pembelajaran berada pada kualifikasi sangat baik (86 %), (4) uji coba perorangan berada pada kualifikasi sangat baik (82,74%), (5) uji coba kelompok kecil berada pada kualifikasi sangat baik (86,66%), dan (6) uji coba pada lapangan terbatas berada pada kualifikasi sangat baik (86,78%). Dengan demikian, pengujian hipotesis membuktikan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil belajar mahasiswa yang dibelajarkan dengan menggunakan media zoom pembelajaran berbasis Aplikasi Google Class Room dan hasil belajar mahasiswa yang dibelajarkan dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran tanpa zoom.
Contribution to the Knowledge of Fungi of the Kampinos National Park (Central Poland): Part 4 – With Particular Emphasis on the Species Occurring on Windthrown Trees
Authors: Szczepkowski Andrzej , Gierczyk Błażej , Ślusarczyk Tomasz , Kujawa Anna
Published: November 2021

This paper presents 18 species of fungi that are new to the Kampinos National Park and their buffer zone. Seventeen of these species were found during studies on wind-damaged areas after the forest was damaged in 2017. One species new to Poland has been described and illustrated (Odonticium septocystidiatum). A few of the species recorded (Ciliolarinacfr.laricina,Daldinia petriniae,Pseudovalsa umbonata,Spongipellis litschaueri) are very rare in Poland and hitherto mentioned from single localities in the country. Two species from the Polish red list of macrofungi were recorded in the Kampinos National Park for the first time – namely,Punctularia strigosozonata(E) andTrichaptum biforme(R). The current number of macromycete taxa known from Kampinos National Park has reached a total of 1,630.
The effect of straw based housing on selected quality attributes of pork – a meta-analysis.
Authors: Zybert Andrzej
Published: November 2021

The aim of the research was to estimate the effect of straw-based housing on selected quality attributes of pork, using a meta-analytical approach. Meta-analysis is statistical procedure that combines the results of individual, independent studies into one common treatment effect, called the effect size. Data were extracted from 17 independent studies (20 experiments) and analysed using a random-effect model to estimate the effect of straw-based housing on the pH (initial pH at 45 min post mortem and ultimate pH), drip loss, colour (L*, a*, b*) and Warner-Bratzler shear force of pork loins. The meta-analysis of the available results showed that pigs from straw-based systems may produce pork with a faster early post-mortem pH decline (pH45), higher drip loss, and greater lightness than those reared under barren conditions with concrete (slatted) floors. A subgroup analysis showed that greater space allowance for straw-housed pigs had a greater negative effect on initial pH (pH45), drip loss, and lightness than straw housing with normal/minimal floor space requirements.
Driver re-education after stroke - case study
Authors: Stasiak-Cieślak Beata , Malawko Piotr , Szczepański Tomasz , Kosmowski Piotr
Published: November 2021

The article presents the characteristics of a case study - stroke survivors with unilateral neglect syndrome, mechanisms used in re-education training and elements of functional rehabilitation. The focus was on an important diagnostic problem in the field of occupational medicine and the return to driving for people after stroke. The aim of the research work undertaken was to justify the experimental description of the driver after a stroke and to confirm the possibility of returning to driving, including compulsory re-education. Literature analysis, review of legal acts, characteristics of adaptation devices and conclusions from the case study were also carried out.
Road Safety Education Centre (RSEC) – evaluation of pilot classes and opinions of selected groups of road users on the issues of road safety and traffic education
Authors: Dąbrowska-Loranc Maria , Jankowska-Karpa Dagmara , Wnuk Aneta
Published: November 2021

In the years 2016-2018, the Road Safety Education Centre (CEBR) was established at Motor Transport Institute as part of its statutory activity, addressed to various age groups and road users.
The article presents the concept of CEBR, the results of the evaluation of educational pilot classes conducted at Centre and the opinions of 50+ drivers on selected issues of road safety, as well as the opinions of children and parents on road safety education.
AUTOMATED AND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - SAFETY, APPROVAL, SOCIAL BENEFITS AND FEARS OF INTRODUCING AUTOMATIC DRIVING SYSTEMS
Authors: Gołowicz Artur , Cholewiński Sławomir
Published: November 2021

The paper discusses the details of the work of automation systems for motor vehicles and their methods of testing. The requirements of the new UN Regulation No. 157 were presented as a tool for conducting the type-approval of automated vehicles in the field of the Automated Lane Keeping System (ALKS). The most important requirements and methods of testing ALKS systems for the vehicle type-approval are described. Evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages as well as the effects and social concerns of the implementation of such systems in relation to the road safety, has been carried out.
SURDEZ E PRECONCEITO: REVISANDO A PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA
Authors: Araújo Andressa Araújo de
Published: November 2021

Este estudo objetivou compreender de que modo a surdez e o preconceito vêm sendo investigados na literatura científica nacional. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão nos periódicos, mais especificamente nas bases de dados Portal Scielo e Pepsic, no período de janeiro de 2006 a dezembro de 2016, num total de 15 artigos analisados. Os resultados e a discussão tratam da análise bibliométrica e da análise de conteúdo. Percebe-se que a maioria dos trabalhos são qualitativos. Apesar de a visão socioantropológica ter ganhado espaço, a visão clínico-terapêutica ainda é presente e, por causa disso, preconceitos, humilhações e discriminações são sentidos pelos surdos, que não preenchem o padrão de normalidade imposto pela maioria, ouvinte. Pode-se concluir que há um longo percurso a ser trilhado para familiares, profissionais e pesquisadores desenvolverem a temática e conscientizarem a população, objetivando mitigar o preconceito ainda existente.
Psychometric Characteristics of a Questionnaire Measuring Hopefulness: An Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis Approach
Authors: Shahrakipour Hassan
Published: November 2021

Background: In the third millennium, which is called the information era, despite the technological growth and industrialization, lack of hopefulness is seen in the general population, especially among the youth. Therefore, hope is one of the critical issues that should be promoted among the youth. Objectives: This study was aimed at evaluating a hopefulness questionnaire among the youth. Methods: This cross-sectional study with an exploratory approach was carried out among the Iranian youth population in 2020. All students of Shahed University in Tehran (estimated as 5000 people) were considered the study population, 600 of whom were selected as the study sample by the simple random sampling method. For data collection, a researcher-made questionnaire was utilized. Data analysis was performed by SPSS v. 21 and LISREL v. 8.80. Alpha Cronbach coefficient was used to investigate the reliability of the questionnaire. Results: The results showed the adequate reliability of the hopefulness questionnaire. Also, the findings showed that three latent variables in the questionnaire had significantly larger values than the other factors. Therefore, with three latent factors, the hopefulness questionnaire was significantly saturated. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the 33 items of the questionnaire was 0.80. Conclusions: It was found that the questionnaire constructs are useful in predicting hopefulness intention. The scale consisted of three factors that did not completely replicate the factors found in previous studies. The use of this tool is recommended for all age groups.
A modelação da qualidade da água como suporte ao ordenamento da albufeira de Castelo do Bode
Authors: Coelho Pedro Santos , Almeida Manuel , Rebelo Ricardo , Quadrado Maria Felisbina , Teles Francisco Ribeiro , Pádua João
Published: November 2021

O processo de gestão da qualidade da água das albufeiras de águas protegidas localizadas em Portugal continental é, em grande parte, consubstanciado pela implementação das medidas inscritas nos principais instrumentos de gestão do território, nomeadamente os Planos de Gestão de Região Hidrográfica (PGRH) e os Planos de Ordenamento de Albufeiras (POA), actualmente designados Programas Especiais de Albufeiras de Águas Públicas (PEA), em função da adaptação dos POA ao quadro legislativo vigente. A definição das disposições gerais relativas ao uso e ocupação da área de intervenção, e de acções, medidas e projectos inscritos no POA da albufeira de Castelo do Bode (Resolução do Concelho de Ministros n.º 69/2003), foi parcialmente suportada pela modelação matemática da qualidade da água da albufeira (INAG, I.P., 2011a)). Os cenários de simulação considerados permitiram identificar as principais pressões existentes e a mais-valia decorrente da aplicação de medidas concretas que visavam a redução da carga poluente afluente à massa de água. Decorridos 17 anos, e no âmbito do desenvolvimento do Programa Especial da Albufeira de Castelo do Bode (PEACB), procedeu-se a um novo processo de modelação matemática da qualidade da água. No presente estudo, descreve-se a abordagem metodológica que consubstanciou o processo de modelação matemática, os resultados obtidos e analisa-se a evolução da qualidade da água da albufeira nos últimos nove anos. Apesar da dificuldade inerente ao estabelecimento de uma relação causal directa entre a implementação das medidas/acções definidas no POA das albufeiras de Castelo do Bode, Cabril, Bouçã e Santa Luzia (Resolução do Concelho de Ministros n.º 45/2002), e a melhoria da qualidade da água da albufeira de Castelo do Bode, considera-se que, em função do nexo temporal existente, a redução de carga afluente determinada pela implementação das referidas medidas/acções, poderá ter tido um papel crucial na melhoria e preservação da qualidade da água da albufeira. Palavras-chave: Qualidade da água; Plano; Ordenamento; Modelação matemática; Castelo do Bode.
Human behavior in home fires
Authors: Gilbert Stanley
Published: November 2021

Casualties in fires--and in particular, deaths--are tail events. The average fire does not cause deaths or injuries. There is increasing evidence that the people susceptible to dying in fires are a specific subset of the people in homes. It seems likely that the same holds true of the fire and the environment as well. That is, that it is a suite of circumstances that produce deaths (and to a lesser extent injuries) in fires. While there has been a lot of valuable work aimed at identifying characteristics associated with deaths in fire, there has been little aimed at identifying those suites of conditions that produce fire deaths. One that can be readily identified is a cigarette fire ignited on or in the immediate vicinity of a person who is frail. Other suites of circumstances are less clear. There are a number of observations that can be made based on the research regarding fire in domestic environments. The large majority of fires are not reported to the fire department, and evidence suggests that the majority of those fires are put out by the people on site. This occurs in spite of the frequent admonition to Get out, Stay out.... \cite{thompson_2015}. It is a reminder that people do not necessarily always act in accordance with fire-safety messaging. The typical engineering approach to fire design--ASET/RSET--does not explicitly capture all observed behaviors in domestic fires. The basic assumption of the approach is that people react to a fire by evacuating, and that the time to evacuate is mostly independent of the fire. But these assumptions break down for domestic fires. A different approach is warranted for fire design for domestic spaces.
Virtuel omsorg – Etik, ny professionalisme og forhandling af grænser
Authors: Kamp Annette , Ballegaard Stinne Aaløkke
Published: November 2021

Velfærdsteknologi introduceres i disse år i sundheds- og social sektoren med visioner om at rationalisere og effektivisere på måder, der giver borgerne mere indfl ydelse og frihed og indebærer en tilbagetrækning af den professionelle omsorg. I denne artikel undersøger vi, hvordan indførsel af skærmbesøg i hjemmeplejen er med til at introducere nye værdier omkring omsorg og understøtter nye former for professionalisme. Vi tager udgangspunkt i en empirisk tilgang til etik, der sætter fokus på etik som normative perspektiver, der udvikles og forhandles i en praksis. Artiklen er baseret på et etårigt intensivt feltstudie af brugen af skærmbesøg i hjemmeplejen i en kommune. Vi viser, hvordan etiske diskussioner udfoldes omkring nærhed og distance, og hvordan det relateres til situationen, den specifi kke borger og teknologien. Vi diskuterer desuden betydningen af at gøre medarbejderne til innovationsfortrop i en medarbejderdreven innovation, hvor grænserne for at bruge teknologien hele tiden udfordres.
Linedans: Når frivillige og medarbejdere tager en svingom på velfærdsstatens travle gulv
Authors: Striib Mona
Published: November 2021

Mange af os vil gerne give en hånd med. Nogle står i en genbrugsbutik for Red Barnet, andre er med til at afvikle sportsstævnet for lilleputholdet, mens andre cykler en tur med en beboer fra plejecenteret. Den frivillige indsats er en naturlig del af vores samfund til glæde for os alle.
Social klasse og tidlig tilbagetrækning fra arbejdsmarkedet: Et livsforløbsperspektiv
Authors: Qvist Jeevitha Yogachandiran
Published: November 2021

I den eksisterende forskning om sammenhængen mellem social klasse og tidlig tilbagetrækning fra arbejdsmarkedet har livsforløbsperspektivet været et empirisk underbelyst emne. Denne artikel undersøger derfor først sammenhængen mellem stilling på arbejdsmarkedet (social klasse), og hvornår man trækker sig tilbage fra arbejdsmarkedet, herunder om forskellene i tidlig tilbagetrækning fra arbejdsmarkedet mellem sociale klasser bliver større over livsforløbet. Dernæst undersøger artiklen, hvad arbejdsløshed og dårligt helbred over livsforløbet har af betydning for klasseforskellene i risikoen for tidligere tilbagetrækning fra arbejdsmarkedet. Baseret på registerbaseret forløbsanalyse af personer født i 1951 og Danmarks Statistiks fagklassifi kation (DISCO-koder) til klasseinddeling, viser resultaterne, at ikke-faglærte og faglærte (personer der tilhører arbejderklassen) trækker sig markant tidligere tilbage end topledere og specialiserede lønmodtagere (personer der tilhører den højere serviceklasse), og klasseforskellene bliver signifi kant større over livsforløbet. Resultaterne viser også, at arbejdsløshed og dårligt helbred har langsigtede konsekvenser for tidligere tilbagetrækning fra arbejdsmarkedet, og at klasseforskellene i tidligere tilbagetrækning fra arbejdsmarkedet over livsforløbet bliver mindre, når man tager højde for de kontemporære effekter af arbejdsløshed og dårligt helbred.
Ansættelse af seniorer: Hvilken type virksomheder rekrutterer seniorer – og hvorfor?
Authors: Jensen Per H. , Lolle Henrik Lauridsen , Travernier Wouter De
Published: November 2021

I de senere år er der sket en markant ændring i seniorernes vilkår på arbejdsmarkedet. Antallet af beskæftigede seniorer er nærmest eksploderet. Beskæftigelsesfrekvensen blandt de 55-64-årige er steget fra 56 til 71 i perioden 2000 til 2018. Imidlertid ved vi meget lidt om, hvor på arbejdsmarkedet seniorerne har fundet beskæftigelse, hvorfor formålet med denne artikel er at analysere, hvad det er for type virksomheder (og brancher), der især er disponerede for at ansætte nye 55-64-årige medarbejdere. Det væsentligste fund er, at seniorer rekrutteres på virksomheder, hvor gennemsnitsalderen på arbejdspladsens ledelseslag er høj, men især på virksomheder hvor der i forvejen er mange seniorer ansatte. Ligeledes har virksomhedens størrelsen en betydning for, om der rekrutteres seniorer. Især store virksomheder er tilbøjelige til at trække seniorer ind i virksomheden.
Kunsten at lære at mobbe – et studie af mobning som kulturelle læreprocesser
Authors: Mortensen Mille , Hagedorn-Rasmussen Peter , Thomsen Rikke
Published: November 2021

Denne artikel undersøger, hvilken rolle arbejdspladskultur spiller for tilblivelsen af mobning på arbejdspladsen. Artiklen udforsker og tilbyder en ny tilgang til at belyse, hvordan mobning opstår på arbejdspladsen. Med et etnografisk afsæt præsenteres en læringsorienteret forståelse af, hvad arbejdspladskultur er (Hasse, 2011), hvordan det opstår, samt hvordan det er under stadig tilblivelse og forandring. Denne forståelse komplementerer den eksisterende mobningsforskning og udfordrer et overvejende triadisk perspektiv på mobning som fænomen. Artiklen er funderet på førsteforfatters etnografi ske feltarbejde inden for hospitalsverdenen. Betydningen af arbejdspladskulturens rolle for mobning, er vokset frem gennem empirien og bliver tydelig via analysen. På den baggrund bidrager artiklen dels med at vise arbejdspladskulturs fundamentale rolle for mobning, og dels med at åbne for nye måder at forstå den dynamiske tilblivelse af fænomenet. Denne tilgang til mobning som fænomen har potentielt vidtrækkende konsekvenser for fremtidige håndterings- og forebyggelsesstrategier, idet forskningen har haft et overvejende individorienteret fokus på rollerne som mobber, offer og vidne, frem for et arbejdspladskulturelt perspektiv.
Mellem formelle og uformelle rytmer En udforskning af affektiv subjektivering i vejlederes arbejdsliv
Authors: Borchorst Ditte Stilling , Nielsen Louise Yung , Pultz Sabina
Published: November 2021

I denne artikel udforsker vi skyggesiderne ved arbejdslivet som relativt nyansat underviser på Roskilde universitet. Teoretisk er vi inspirerede af Lefebvres (2004) rytmeanalyse samt det Foucault inspirerede begreb om affektiv subjektivering. I artiklen vil vi vise potentialerne ved at kombinere disse to analytiske greb ved at indtænke en affektiv dimension i det rytmeanalytiske perspektiv. Med det rytmeanalytiske perspektiv på arbejdet som vejleder på RUC, har vi fået blik for, hvordan vejlederens daglige rytmer skabes i interaktion med formaliserede rytmer i organisationen. På baggrund af en kollektiv biografi (Davies et al., 2001) skrevet af artiklens forfattere, som alle er relativt nye og midlertidigt ansatte på RUC, undersøger vi den affektive subjektivering i arbejdslivets formelle og uformelle rytmer. Her vil det især træde frem, at vi oplever usikkerhed i forhold til at lære stedets eksisterende rytmer at kende samt fi nde ud af, hvordan vi kan gå i takt med disse. Vi oplever, hvordan samtidige rytmer kolliderer og skaber dissonans for os. Vores analyse viser, hvordan både formelle og uformelle rytmer og særligt spændingen herimellem indebærer en affektiv subjektivering, der er afgørende for os som vejledere. Vi identifi cerer i denne sammenhæng et paradoks; et progressivt universitet indebærer utilsigtet affektive skub i retning af en neoliberal kompetitiv infrastruktur, og det stiller særligt den prekære ansatte i en udfordrende situation.
Arbejdslivsviden, teori og praksis
Authors: Buch Anders
Published: November 2021

Denne artikel spørger til, om teoretiseret arbejdslivsviden er af en anden karakter end praksis, og hvad der nærmere skal forstås ved teori og praksis. Teori og praksis stilles ofte overfor hinanden i et modsætningsforhold. Denne artikel går imidlertid bag om og kritiserer modstillingen med henblik på at forstå samspillet mellem teoretiseret arbejdslivsviden og praksis på måder, der ikke forudsætter en dikotomisk relation. Artiklen udforsker konceptuelt forskellige vidensproduktionsformer i arbejdslivsforskningen med henblik på at bestemme teoretisk arbejdslivsviden nærmere i forhold til de forskellige formål samt ontologiske, epistemologiske og metodologiske antagelser, der forudsættes i arbejdslivsforskningen. Artiklen redegør for, hvordan henholdsvis praksis og teori er blevet og bliver forstået forskelligt, og eksemplifi cerer forskellige typer af teoretisering i aktuel arbejdslivsforskning. Den viser, at arbejdslivsforskningen har forskellige normative prioriteter, og at det er nødvendigt at forstå disse for at begribe samspillet mellem arbejdslivsviden og praksis.
Nye arbejdsdelinger i socialpædagogisk praksis
Authors: Sprogøe Jonas , Christensen Michael , Andersen Randi
Published: November 2021

Denne artikel tager afsæt i et forsknings- og udviklingsprojekt omkring digital dokumentation i og af socialpædagogisk praksis. I artiklen analyseres, hvordan faglighed og arbejdsdelinger forhandles under arbejdet med digitale dokumentationssystemer i tre forskellige socialpædagogiske institutionstyper; den markedsorienterede, den bureaukratiske og den pædagogiske institution. Vi viser, hvordan de tre institutionstyper og deraf forskellige dokumentationspraksis afstedkommer forskellige arbejdsdelinger. På baggrund heraf diskuteres udfordringer og muligheder for organisatorisk orienteret professionsudvikling inden for de tre institutionstyper. Artiklen afsluttes med en skitsering af opmærksomhedspunkter for henholdsvis socialpædagogiske tilbud, professionsuddannelserne og den enkelte professionelle i forhold til professionsudvikling i en dokumentationsoptik.
Indflydelse i praxis – et perspektiv på vej
Authors: Wåhlin-Jacobsen Christian Dyrlund
Published: November 2021

Indflydelse hører blandt de temaer, der har fået størst opmærksomhed i den arbejdsrelaterede forskning gennem tiden. Men hvor mange studier er udgået fra, at mulighederne for indflydelse er præget af strukturer på fx arbejdsplads- eller individniveau, argumenterer jeg i denne artikel for, at vores forståelse af indflydelse kan udvikles ved at anlægge et praxisperspektiv. Ud fra dette perspektiv er målet at beskrive og forstå, hvordan indflydelse konkret søges og forhandles på arbejdspladsen med et særligt fokus på de sociale mekanismer, der påvirker indflydelsesprocesserne. I artiklen gennemgås nogle eksisterende praxisorienterede studier af indfl ydelse, og der præsenteres et eksempel på, hvordan man empirisk kan tilgå praxis fra en etnometodologisk/ samtaleanalytisk vinkel. Én central pointe er, at indflydelsesprocesser indeholder forskellige oversete sociale kompleksiteter, som kan begrænse medarbejdernes muligheder for at påvirke forholdene på arbejdspladsen, hvis de ikke håndteres aktivt.
Asymmetri eller quid pro quo?
Authors: Scheuer Steen , Ibsen Flemming
Published: November 2021

Er forhandlingsrelationerne mellem arbejdsgivere og lønmodtagere asymmetriske, dvs. har arbejdsgiverne altid overmagten, fordi en arbejdskonfl ikt altid er gratis for dem? Eller gælder det omvendt, at forhandlingerne har karakter af ”quid pro quo” (noget for noget), dvs. at begge parter, også arbejdsgiverne, må give reelle indrømmelser for at nå til et forhandlingsresultat, parterne kan acceptere? Det blev i forbindelse med de meget dramatiske overenskomstforhandlinger i 2018 (OK18) fremhævet, at magtforholdet i forhandlingerne var påvirket af,

1. at staten både er arbejdsgiver og lovgiver og derfor kan gennemtvinge en løsning og standse en evt. arbejdskonflikt, og

2. at arbejdsgiver ikke har et økonomisk tab ved en eventuel arbejdskonflikt (strejke eller lockout), i modsætning til lønmodtagerne, hvis strejkekasser tømmes under konflikten. På det private arbejdsmarked lider begge parter økonomiske tab ved en arbejdskonflikt, stort eller lille, og magtbalancen mellem parterne er derfor som udgangspunkt mere ligeligt fordelt end i den offentlige sektor. I forbindelse med det mindre dramatiske forløb i 2021 har synspunktet dog været mindre fremherskende.