bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Antioxidant Mechanisms
Authors: DECKER E. A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Computational Approaches to Molecular Properties
Authors: ALBERT I. D. L. , MARKS T. J. , RATNER M. A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Importance of 11B—1H Coupling Constants in Assigning the 11B Signals
Authors: HERMANEK S. , MACHACEK J. , FUSEK J. , BLECHTA V.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dipolar Recoupling in MAS Spectra of Biological Solids
Authors: GRIFFIN R. G.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐State Voltammetry: Analytical Prospects
Authors: KULESZA P. J. , COX J. A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pulsed Field Gradients: A New Tool for Routine NMR
Authors: PARELLA T.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures and Phase Transitions of Starch Polymers
Authors: BILIADERIS C. G.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymer Solid Electrolytes from Poly(oxyethylene) Derivatives
Authors: KOHJIYA S. , IKEDA Y.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Applications of Solid‐Phase Synthesis
Authors: YOUSSEF K. M.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of Multiuse Peptide Libraries for Functional Screenings
Authors: JAYAWICKREME C. K. , JAYAWICKREME S. P. , LERNER M. R.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Peralkylation. “Libraries from Libraries”: Chemical Transformation of Synthetic Combinatorial Libraries
Authors: OSTRESH J. M. , DOERNER B. , HOUGHTEN R. A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Screening of Peptide Libraries on Continuous Cellulose Membrane Supports
Authors: KRAMER A. , SCHNEIDER‐MERGENER J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Second Harmonic Generation
Authors: SINGER K. D. , HUBBARD S. F. , SCHOBER A. , HAYDEN L. M. , JOHNSON K.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermochemistry of Carbenes
Authors: CHEN P.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Strategies, Structure Patterns, and Emerging Properties in the Chemistry of Modular Porous Solids
Authors: YAGHI O. M. , LI H. , DAVIS C. , RICHARDSON D. , GROY T. L.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Prospecting for Potentially New Pharmaceuticals from Natural Sources
Authors: PANDEY R. C.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Noncariogenic Intense Natural Sweeteners
Authors: KINGBORN A. D. , KANEDA N. , BAEK N.‐I. , KENNELLY E. J. , SOEJARTO D. D.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nonpolyglutamatable Antifolates as Inhibitors of Thymidylate Synthase (TS) and Potential Antitumor Agents
Authors: BAVETSIAS V. , JACKMAN A. L.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thrombin Inhibitor Design
Authors: SANDERSON P. E. J. , NAYLOR‐OLSEN A. M.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen Atom Abstraction by Metal—Oxo Complexes: Understanding the Analogy with Organic Radical Reactions
Authors: MAYER J. M.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polysaccharide Molecular Structures
Authors: OAKENFULL D.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ordinary Organic Crystal Chemistry: Interpretation of the Most Probable Homomolecular Structures
Authors: ZORKII P. M. , ZORKAYA O. N.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: High Resolution Fluorescence Spectroscopy: Determination of the Zero‐Field Splitting Parameters of Excited Triplet States of Aromatic Carbenes
Authors: MIGIRDICYAN E. , KOZANKIEWICZ B. , PLATZ M. S.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Frequency EPR Spectroscopy of Large Metal Ion Clusters: From Zero Field Splitting to Quantum Tunneling of the Magnetization
Authors: BARRA A.‐L. , BRUNEL L.‐C. , GATTESCHI D. , PARDI L. , SESSOLI R.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Zero Kinetic Energy Spectroscopy
Authors: HELD A. , SCHLAG E. W.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Reporter Genes
Authors: LEWIS J. C. , FELTUS A. , ENSOR C. M. , RAMANATHAN S. , DAUNERT S.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Color Images for Fast‐Scan CV Measurements in Biological Systems
Authors: MICHAEL D. , TRAVIS E. R. , WIGHTMAN R. M.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The mitogenicity of insulin analogues in vitro relative to insulin and IGF‐I—Response to Kazda et al
Authors: Weinstein Doron , Simon Meital , Yehezkel Einat , Laron Zvi , Werner Haim
Published: June 2010

Lispro insulin in a malignant cell line resembled IGF‐I more closely than insulin. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advanced glycation end products‐induced apoptosis attenuated by PPARδ activation and epigallocatechin gallate through NF‐κB pathway in human embryonic kidney cells and human mesangial cells
Authors: Liang Yao‐Jen , Jian Jhin‐Hao , Liu Yuan‐Chun , Juang Shiow‐Jen , Shyu Kou‐Gi , Lai Ling‐Ping , Wang Bao‐Wei , Leu Jyh‐Gang
Published: June 2010

Background

Diabetic nephropathy has attracted many researchers' attention. Because of the emerging evidence about the effects of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and receptor of AGE (RAGE) on the progression of diabetic nephropathy, a number of different therapies to inhibit AGE or RAGE are under investigation. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor δ (PPARδ) agonist (L‐165041) or epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) alters AGE‐induced pro‐inflammatory gene expression and apoptosis in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) and human mesangial cells (HMCs).

Methods

The HEK cells and HMC were separated into the following groups: 100 µg/mL AGE alone for 18 h; AGE treated with 1 µM L‐165041 or 10 µM EGCG, and untreated cells. Inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor‐κB pathway, RAGE expression, superoxide dismutase and cell apoptosis were determined.

Results

AGE significantly increased tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), a major pro‐inflammatory cytokine. The mRNA and protein expression of RAGE were up‐regulated. These effects were significantly attenuated by pre‐treatment with L‐165041 or EGCG. AGE‐induced nuclear factor‐κB pathway activation and both cells apoptosis were also inhibited by L‐165041 or EGCG. Furthermore, both L‐165041 and EGCG increased superoxide dismutase levels in AGE‐treated HEK cells and HMC.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that PPARδ agonist and EGCG decreased the AGE‐induced kidney cell inflammation and apoptosis. This study provides important insights into the molecular mechanisms of EGCG and PPARδ agonist in attenuation of kidney cell inflammation and may serve as a therapeutic modality to treat patients with diabetic nephropathy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human Ontogenetics – New Considerations Concerning Old Questions
Authors: Wessel Karl‐Friedrich
Published: June 2010

Human ontogenetics is introduced as an attempt to expand knowledge about human beings. In this context, the concept of the human being as “biopsychosocial unit” and perceptions of the evolutionary theory are discussed. Key issues of the discussion are the life‐long development of the human being as a possibility, the hierarchical system of competencies, and the ecology of human ontogeny.
Triplex PCR‐based detection of enterotoxigenic Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 in nonfat dry milk
Authors: Gracias Kiev S. , McKillip John L.
Published: June 2010

Although many strains of Bacillaceae are considered nonpathogenic, Bacillus cereus is recognized worldwide as a bacterial pathogen in a variety of foods. The ability of B. cereus to cause gastroenteritis following ingestion of contaminated food is due to the production of enterotoxins. The ubiquity of this genus makes it a persistent problem for quality assurance in food processing environments. The primary objective of this study was to develop and apply a multiplex real‐time PCR‐based assay for rapid and sensitive detection of enterotoxigenic B. cereus. Template DNA was separately extracted from tryptic soy broth (TSB)‐grown and 2.5% Nonfat Dry Milk (NFDM)‐grown B. cereus using a commercial system. Three enterotoxin gene fragments (hblC, nheA, and hblA) were simultaneously amplified in real‐time followed by melting curve analysis to confirm amplicon identity. Resolution of melting curves (characteristic Tm) was achieved for each amplicon (hblC = 74.5 °C; nheA = 78 °C; and hblA = 85.5 °C in TSB and 84 °C in NFDM) with an assay sensitivities of 101 CFU/ml for both TSB and NFDM‐grown B. cereus compared to 104 CFU/ml in either matrix using gel electrophoresis. The results demonstrate the potential sensitivity of real‐time bacterial detection methods in a heterogenous food matrix using real‐time PCR. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Temporal bacterial diversity and detection of putative methanotrophs in surface mats of Lonar crater lake
Authors: Surakasi Venkata Prasad , Antony Chakkiath Paul , Sharma Sashikant , Patole Milind S. , Shouche Yogesh S.
Published: June 2010

The phylogenetic diversity of bacterial communities in microbial mats of two different seasons from saline and hyperalkaline Lonar Lake was investigated using 16S rRNA gene library analysis. Arthrospira (Cyanobacteria) related clones (>80% of total clones) dominated libraries of both the seasons. Clear differences were found in both the seasons as the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) related to Fusibacter (LAI‐1 and LAI‐59) and Tindallia magadiensis (LAI‐27) found in post‐monsoon were not found in the pre‐monsoon library. Likewise, OTUs related to Planococcus rifietensis (LAII‐67), Bordetella hinzii (LAII‐2) and Methylobacterium variabile (LAII‐25) found in the pre‐monsoon were not found in post‐monsoon. The study was extended to identify methanotrophs in the surface mats. Libraries constructed with type I and type II methanotroph specific 16S rRNA gene primers showed the presence of clones (LAMI‐99 and LAMII‐2) closely related to Methylomicrobium buryaticum and Beijerinckiaceae family members. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting based on protein‐coding genes (pmoA and mxaF) further confirmed the detection of Methylomicrobium sp. Hence, we report here for the first time the detection of putative methanotrophs in surface mats of Lonar Lake. The finding of clones related to organisms with interesting functional attributes such as assimilation of C1 compounds (LAII‐25, LAMI‐39, LAMI‐99 and LAMII‐2), non‐sulfur photosynthetic bacteria (LAMII‐43) and clones distantly affiliated to organisms of heavily polluted environments (LAI‐59 and LAMII‐52), is of significant note. These preliminary results would direct future studies on the functional dynamics of microbial mat associated food web chain in the extreme environment. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microcalorimetric investigation of the toxic action of berberine on Tetrahymena thermophila BF5
Authors: Kong Weijun , Li Zulun , Xiao Xiaohe , Zhao Yanling
Published: June 2010

Tetrahymena thermophila (T. thermophila) BF5 produces heat through growth and metabolism. By microcalorimetry, the power‐time curves of the metabolism of T. thermophila BF5 at 28 °C were measured and some quantitative parameters were obtained from these curves. Then the action of berberine on this microbe was investigated. Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of berberine against T. thermophila BF5 growth was obtained by tube dilution method. Berberine of different concentrations had various actions on T. thermophila BF5 growth: a low concentration (25 μg/ml) of berberine began to inhibit the growth of T. thermophila BF5 and a high concentration (450 μg/ml) of berberine completely inhibited T. thermophila BF5 growth. The toxic action of berberine could also be expressed as half‐inhibitory concentration IC50, i.e., 50% effective in this inhibition. The value of IC50 was 175.60 μg/ml, while the MIC of this compound against T. thermophila BF5 was 20.76 mg/ml. Berberine has strong toxic action on T. thermophila BF5 growth. The microcalorimetric method for the assay of toxic action is quantitative, inexpensive and versatile. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A multiscale soil–landform relationship in the glacial‐drift area based on digital terrain analysis and soil attributes
Authors: Deumlich Detlef , Schmidt Rolf , Sommer Michael
Published: June 2010

Understanding the linkages between structure and processes in soil landscapes involves analyses across several spatial and temporal scales. The transfer of information between scales requires the (1) identification of respective scale levels and (2) procedures for regionalization. Here, we present a multiparameter delineation of landform units and their attribution with typical Reference Soil Groups (RSG) of a landscape of NE Germany which is representative of young moraine regions. Data sources are a digital elevation model (DEM, 5 m × 5 m), a reference data set from sections of an intensively augered landscape, and expert knowledge. A conceptual digital soil map was constructed in the scale 1:5000 based on the Topographic Position Index (TPI). The methodology is applicable for multiscale analyses. Results are (1) the landform unit classified by digital terrain analysis of a DEM, (2) the attribution of RSG, and (3) the evaluation of the classification. Accuracy of the method was 57% overall, with 70% accuracy on typical erosional sites. The developed method allows identification of terrain‐related soil pattern with high spatial resolution in glacial‐drift areas. The high resolution of soil information can be used for delineation of management zones in precision farming, or as input for process studies and models requiring a translation of typological soil information into relevant soil properties (e.g., by pedotransfer functions).
Mineral‐nitrogen and phosphorus leaching from vegetable gardens in Niamey, Niger
Authors: Predotova Martina , Bischoff Wolf‐Anno , Buerkert Andreas
Published: June 2010

Urban and periurban agriculture (UPA) contributes significantly to meeting increasing food demand of rapidly growing urban populations in West African cities. The often intensive high‐input vegetable production within UPA results in large positive nutrient balances, being presumably linked to strong nutrient leaching which needs quantification. This study aimed at estimating leaching losses of mineral N and P in three representative urban gardens of Niamey, Niger, using ion‐exchange‐resin cartridges installed below the crop rooting zone at 0.6 m soil depth. In 2007, a year with below‐average annual rainfall (425 mm as compared to 542 mm), mean leaching of mineral N amounted to 5.9 and 7.3 kg N ha–1 for two gardens with > 80% sand fraction and only 2.2 kg N ha–1 for a garden with 40% silt and clay. Apparent annual P leaching was 0.7 kg P ha–1 in all three gardens. Additional multiannual studies are necessary to assess the effect of inter‐ and intraannual variation in precipitation on nutrient leaching in intensive UPA vegetable production of semiarid West Africa.
Chemieausbildung in Spezialklassen
Authors: Frosch Dieter
Published: July 2010

Die anhaltende Kritik an der Leistungsfähigkeit der deutschen Schulen zeigt die Notwendigkeit, Begabte gezielt zu fördern. Eine erfolgreiche Form dafür sind mathematisch‐naturwissenschaftliche Spezialklassen. Schüler erhalten dort eine exzellente Vorbereitung auf ein Chemiestudium.
Organik, Licht und Solarzellen
Authors: Jespersen Julia
Published: July 2010

Organische Photovoltaik und organische Leuchtdioden – beiden Forschungsgebieten widmet sich das Joint Innovation Lab der BASF in Ludwigshafen. Mit Partnern aus Hochschule und Industrie forscht das Unternehmen hier unter einem Dach.
Gegner der Planung sind Freunde des Zufalls
Authors: Teichmann Georg A. , Schneider Bernd
Published: July 2010

Will ein Unternehmen sich im Wettbewerb neu positionieren, braucht es klare Leitbilder und Hilfe bei Strategieentwicklung, ‐validierung und ‐umsetzung.
Entscheidend ist, was hinten raus kommt
Authors: Fischer Lars
Published: July 2010

Der Ignobel‐Preis für Chemie ging dieses Jahr an die Japanerin Mayu Yamamoto. Sie entwickelte eine Methode, Vanillin aus Kuhfladen zu gewinnen.
Gratwanderung zwischen Reaktivität und Selektivität
Authors: von Zezschwitz Paultheo
Published: July 2010

Die Addition von Metallorganylen an Ketone, etwa bei der Umsetzung von Grignard‐ Reagenzien oder Lithiumorganylen mit Carbonylverbindungen zu sekundären oder tertiären Alkoholen, ist ein Standardverfahren der organischen Chemie. Die enantioselektive Variante dieser Reaktion ist dagegen immer noch eine Herausforderung.
Bilder aus der Tiefe: digitale In‐line‐Holographie
Authors: Rosenhahn Axel
Published: July 2010

Die Holographie zeichnet Beugungsbilder von Objekten in drei Dimensionen auf. Da das verwendete Laserlicht kohärent ist, enthält das Beugungsbild eine Referenzwelle, die es ermöglicht, Objekte im Raum zu lokalisieren. Eine Anwendung der Methode ist die Analyse der Bewegungen von Mikroorganismen in der Nähe von Oberflächen.
Materialien und Prozesse kennen und prüfen
Authors: Discherl Georg
Published: July 2010

Chemiker im Qualitätsmanagement arbeiten an der Schnittstelle zwischen Entwicklung, Lieferanten und Fertigung.
Sex differences in musculoskeletal stress markers: Problems with activity pattern reconstructions
Authors: Weiss E. , Corona L. , Schultz B.
Published: June 2010

This study examined six musculoskeletal stress marker (MSM) scores that showed reverse sex differences in the previously published research. MSM scores often differ by sex within a population. Most often females have lower MSM scores than do males; however, reverse sex differences do occur. If reverse sex differences are culturally specific, then these MSM scores are more likely caused by activity patterns than biology. Yet, if the same MSM scores show reverse trends in multiple populations, then perhaps these reversals may be the result of biological sex differences, such as hormonal differences and body size, or methodological reasons, such as MSM location. In the current study, deltoideus, pronator quadratus and trapezius MSM scores were significantly more pronounced in males in the California Amerind population examined. Most MSM scores examined significantly correlated with body size and age. With articular size and age controls, only the pronator quadratus and trapezius continued to display significant sex differences. Males had greater MSM pronator quadratus and trapezius scores than did females. The lack of sex differences in four out of six MSM scores may relate to the confounding factor of body size. Thus, it is suggested that some reverse sex differences in the published literature may not relate to activity patterns whereas other MSM sites show more promise. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of a potential vorticity modification method to a case of rapid cyclogenesis over the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Manders A. M. M. , Verkley W. T. M. , Diepeveen J. J. , Moene A. R.
Published: July 2010

A method to modify the potential vorticity of a numerical weather analysis is applied to a case of rapid cyclogenesis over the Atlantic Ocean. The development of the cyclone's intensity in terms of mean sea level pressure is underestimated by the Dutch version of the limited‐area weather prediction model HIRLAM. The analysis shows a rather clear mismatch between the potential vorticity of the analysis and the corresponding water vapour satellite image. A barotropic displacement of potential vorticity, based on a subjective comparison with the water vapour satellite image, improves the forecast in terms of the cyclone's mean sea level pressure eighteen hours after the analysis. Similar but different modifications are investigated to assess the sensitivity of the development to the modification applied.

The numerical analysis of the global ECMWF model displays a similar mismatch between potential vorticity and water vapour image, although the mismatch is somewhat less dramatic than for the HIRLAM model. Notwithstanding, the ECMWF model describes the development of the mean sea level pressure of the cyclone very well. Investigation of targeted singular vectors and a regular ensemble for this case shows, however, that the forecast is sensitive to perturbations of the initial state, in particular in the region of the potential vorticity/water vapour mismatch. The operational forecast lies in the middle of the ECMWF ensemble, the ensemble containing members with both stronger and weaker development of the cyclone.

Our study confirms that a mismatch between an analysed potential vorticity field and a water vapour satellite image might indicate an error in the analysis. However, the error is not necessarily confined to the upper atmosphere and may involve the lower atmosphere as well. Pairs of ECMWF ensemble members, differing according to the sign of the initial perturbation and leading to either shallow or deep cyclones, are studied to shed some light on the effect of different initial conditions. The modification that improves the HIRLAM forecast resembles one of the more strongly developing ensemble members, indicating that the modification lies within the range of acceptable possibilities. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Robust finite‐time stability of impulsive dynamical linear systems subject to norm‐bounded uncertainties
Authors: Amato F. , Ambrosino R. , Ariola M. , De Tommasi G.
Published: June 2010

Robust finite‐time stability (FTS) for a class of uncertain hybrid systems is tackled for the first time in this paper. In particular, uncertain impulsive dynamical linear systems (U‐IDLS) are considered. U‐IDLS exhibit jumps in the state trajectory that can be either time‐driven (time‐dependent IDLS) or driven by specific state values (state‐dependent IDLS). Furthermore, U‐IDLS may exhibit uncertainties both in the linear dynamic and in the jump equation. In this paper, sufficient conditions for FTS of IDLS are provided. These results require the solution of feasibility problems involving differential‐difference linear matrix inequalities (D/DLMIs), which can be numerically solved in an efficient way, as illustrated in the proposed examples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Added value of the gray‐scale whirlpool sign in the diagnosis of adnexal torsion
Authors: Valsky D. V. , Esh‐Broder E. , Cohen S. M. , Lipschuetz M. , Yagel S.
Published: June 2010

Objective

Adnexal torsion is a common gynecologic emergency affecting females of all ages. Expedient diagnosis and treatment are important, particularly in young fertile patients to preserve ovarian viability. Classical parameters for the clinical and sonographic diagnosis of adnexal torsion have very high false‐positive rates, approaching 50%. The sonographic ‘whirlpool’ sign has been shown to be effective for visualizing the torsed part in the prenatal diagnosis of malrotation of the midgut with volvulus, as well as scrotal and ovarian torsion. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the whirlpool sign in the diagnosis of torsion, as compared to a protocol based on ‘classic’ sonographic signs of torsion alone.

Methods

This was a retrospective chart review. Files of all patients who underwent laparoscopy for suspected torsion at our center between January 2006 and May 2009 were extracted and reviewed. Ultrasound reports were retrieved from our computerized database. Patients were assigned to the study group if the whirlpool sign had been investigated during pre‐procedural evaluation or to the control group if only the standard protocol had been applied.

Results

Eighty women were referred for laparoscopy for suspected adnexal torsion during the study period. In 22 women the ultrasound investigation had included the whirlpool sign (study group) while 58 had been examined by the standard protocol (control group). Twenty women in the study group had a positive whirlpool sign on ultrasound, 18 of whom (90.0%) had confirmed torsion on laparoscopy. In the control group 32 of 58 (55.2%) women had confirmed torsion on laparoscopy.

Conclusion

The addition of the sonographic whirlpool sign to the preoperative sonographic evaluation of patients with suspected torsion appears to improve the rate of true‐positive diagnoses as confirmed by laparoscopy. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solvothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties of Two Organically Templated Iron Sulfates with Chain Structures
Authors: Ma Ling , Liu Dan , Xing Yan , Liu Xianchun , Li Gaijuan
Published: June 2010

Two new one‐dimensional (1D) organically templated iron(III) sulfates [C2NH8]3 [Fe3(μ3‐O)2(SO4)4] (1) and [C2N2H10][C2NH7]0.5[FeF(SO4)2] (2) were synthesized under solvothermal conditions and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), FT‐IR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, ICP analyses, and thermogravimetric analyses. Single‐crystal structure analysis reveals that both compounds show linear‐chain structures, involving FeO6 (FeF2O4) octahedra and SO4 tetrahedra. The magnetic properties of the two compounds have also been investigated.
Synthesis and Structures of New Borylferrocenes, and Structures of, 2‐Chalcogeno‐bis(aminoboryl)[3]ferrocenophanes and 1,1′‐Tris(di‐methylaminoboryl))][3]ferrocenophane [1, 2]
Authors: Appel Andrea , Nöth Heinrich
Published: June 2010

The reaction of Br2BCpFeCp with (Me3Si)2S affords the hexacyclic tris(ferrocenyl)trithia‐triborine (CpFeCp‐BS)3, whereas the tris(ferrocenyl)boroxine is obtained from CpFeCpB(NMe2)2 and H2O via the isolated intermediate [CpFeCpBO)3·HNMe2. In this compound there are two ferrocenyl units in trans‐orientation and a third one is bonded to an O2BNHMe2 unit with formation of a tetracoordinated boron atom (We use the symbol Cp here not only for the C5H5 unit but also for C5H4 or C5H3 units). The structures of several bromo(dialkylamino)borylferrocenes and the 1,1′‐bis[bromo(dialkylamino)boryl]ferrocenes were determined. They show no Fe–B interaction. The Br(R2N)B and the (R2N)2B groups are increasingly twisted against their Cp planes. In case of 1,1′‐[Br(iPr2N)BCp]2Fe the CB(Br)N planes are twisted against the respective Cp planes by 38.7 and 112.5°, which brings the bromine atoms closer to the iron atom. This twisting is enhanced by an increase of the steric demands by the amino groups and is largest for (iPr2NtBuHNBCp)2Fe. The structures of two 1,1′‐chalcogeno‐bis(diorganylaminoboryl)[3]ferrocenophanes X[(R2N)BCp]2Fe (X = O. S; R = Me, iPr) are reported as well as the new 1,1′‐tris(dimethylaminoboryl)[3]ferrocenophane.
Benzyllanthanide Chemistry: Revival of Manzer’s ortho‐Me2N‐Benzyl Ligand
Authors: Harder Sjoerd
Published: June 2010

The Manzer benzyl ligand, ortho‐Me2N‐benzyl (DMA), has been introduced in lanthanide (Ln) chemistry more than three decades ago with the syntheses of Sc(DMA)3 and Er(DMA)3 but no reaction chemistry or structures have been described. Only recently it was shown that a Ln(DMA)3 complex can also be obtained for the largest Ln metal lanthanum and first crystal structures appeared. At present crystal structures of many Ln(DMA)3 complexes throughout the series have been determined and were found to be isomorphous. This reports describes the improvement of synthetic methods for Ln(DMA)3 complexes, a discussion on structures and trends and more important, the wide scope of Ln(DMA)3 reagents as versatile building‐blocks in lanthanide chemistry: the fast‐growing number of complexes and catalysts that have been made starting from a Ln(DMA)3 reagent are summarized. Despite the intramolecular chelating Me2N arm, half‐sandwich catalysts containing the DMA fragment are still active in alkene polymerizations or other catalytic conversions. The main advantages of Ln(DMA)3 complexes are: i) easy syntheses from commercially available starting materials, ii) convenient crystallization which warrants high purity, iii) high stability on account of intramolecular coordination while sufficient reactivity for further conversions is maintained and iv) availability of these reagents over the full Ln range which is advantageous for catalyst screening.
Shelf Life of Cold‐Pressed Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) Seed Oil Obtained with a Screw Press
Authors: Vujasinovic Vesna , Djilas Sonja , Dimic Etelka , Romanic Ranko , Takaci Aleksandar
Published: June 2010

The production of cold‐pressed oil from nonroasted naked pumpkin seeds by pressing with screw presses started in the Republic of Serbia at the end of 1990s. This oil has the characteristic flavour of raw‐dried seeds, and is a specific product of this region. The oil samples were prepared by pressing naked pumpkin seeds and pumpkin seeds with the hulls in a 3:2 ratio using a screw press. The changes of the oil sensory characteristics, basic chemical quality and oxidative stability were followed over a 2‐year period. The results obtained showed that the oil sensory quality was stable during the first 12 months of storage, after which the flavour became musty. Although the chemical quality of the oil deteriorated to some extent, both the acid and peroxide values satisfied the legislative minimum during the whole investigation time. The oxidative stability of oil determined by a Rancimat apparatus was good, although the induction period after 2 years decreased by 25–40%. To ensure the use of only the highest quality oil, a 12‐month shelf life is recommended.
Plasma prolactin concentrations and copulatory behavior after salsolinol injection in male rats
Authors: Terada Misao , Oláh Mark , Nagy György M. , Taniguchi Kazumi , Sato Fumio , Muranaka Shiro , Fungfuang Wirasak , Kromkhun Pudcharaporn , Nakada Tomoaki , Yokosuka Makoto , Saito Toru R.
Published: June 2010

Purpose

The dopamine‐derived endogenous compound, R‐salsolinol (SAL), was recently identified as a putative endogenous prolactin (PRL)‐releasing factor. However, how SAL influences copulatory behavior is unknown. In this study, we examined the relationship between SAL and copulatory behavior in male rats.

Methods

Male Sprague‐Dawley rats administered SAL were exposed to female rats in estrus, the plasma PRL concentration was measured, and the behavioral frequency and time during copulatory behavior were noted.

Results

In the control and SAL groups, plasma PRL concentrations at 15 min before exposure to the female were 7.3 ± 2.0 and 8.0 ± 1.5 ng/ml, respectively. Moreover, plasma PRL concentrations in males immediately after exposure to the female were 7.4 ± 1.2 and 68.0 ± 5.9 ng/ml, respectively (P < 0.05). All (8/8) of the control animals ejaculated in the presence of the female, whereas only 33% (2/6) of the SAL group ejaculated. An increasing tendency for mount latency and intromission latency and a decreasing tendency for intromission frequency were observed in the SAL group.

Conclusions

Copulatory behavior was inhibited in male rats after SAL injection, suggesting that SAL is a copulatory behavior inhibiting factor.
Management of physical health in patients with schizophrenia: practical recommendations
Authors: Heald A. , Montejo A.L. , Millar H. , De Hert M. , McCrae J. , Correll C.U.
Published: July 2010

Improved physical health care is a pressing need for patients with schizophrenia. It can be achieved by means of a multidisciplinary team led by the psychiatrist. Key priorities should include: selection of antipsychotic therapy with a low risk of weight gain and metabolic adverse effects; routine assessment, recording and longitudinal tracking of key physical health parameters, ideally by electronic spreadsheets; and intervention to control CVD risk following the same principles as for the general population. A few simple tools to assess and record key physical parameters, combined with lifestyle intervention and pharmacological treatment as indicated, could significantly improve physical outcomes. Effective implementation of strategies to optimise physical health parameters in patients with severe enduring mental illness requires engagement and communication between psychiatrists and primary care in most health settings.
Hospital Surgery
Authors: Aziz Omer , Purkayastha Sanjay , Paraskeva Paraskevas
Published: July 2010

Combining key surgical principles with modern practical knowledge, and packaged in a clear and concise format, Hospital Surgery is an invaluable tool for those studying for exams and managing patients on the wards. Divided into logical sections covering the major stages in the journey of the surgical patient, the reader will have ready access to the key information required to guide clinical management. Major sections of the book on procedures, investigations and operations are structured to provide stepwise and methodical accounts of how to perform surgical interventions. The text is supported by a superb set of surgical and anatomical drawings. This is essential reading for all junior doctors and foundation-level trainees seeking to build their surgical expertise.
Dialogue Activities
Authors: Bilbrough Nick
Published: July 2010

Using dialogues in different contexts, this book provides over 100 practical activities for teachers to adapt for their classrooms. These activities encourage learners to look at the English language through dialogues and spoken interaction from coursebooks, literature and media, as well as authentic conversation extracts. The book explores using dialogue to communicate personal meaning effectively. It covers dialogue as both 'product' and 'process' in language teaching and will encourage learners to look beyond conventional communicative strategies and practise spoken language in a fresh contextualised way.
COMPARING KNOWLEDGE AND USE OF HEALTH SERVICES OF MIGRANTS FROM RURAL AND URBAN AREAS IN KUNMING CITY, CHINA
Authors: WEI XIAOLIN , PEARSON STEPHEN , ZHANG ZHANXIN , QIN JIANGMEI , GEREIN NANCY , WALLEY JOHN
Published: June 2010

This paper compares the knowledge and utilization of health services among rural residents, urban residents, rural migrants and urban migrants in a large Chinese city. Data were obtained from a questionnaire survey of 2765 individuals (1951 heads of households and 814 spouses) in Guandu district, Kunming, in 2005. The determinants of their knowledge and utilization of health services were analysed using multivariate logistic regression. First, the migrant population was less likely to know of, or utilize, high-level hospitals and township hospitals than residents. Migrants were more likely to utilize private rather than public services for general health care and delivery care. Second, there was a difference between rural migrants and urban migrants in terms of knowledge and utilization of health services. Rural migrants utilized more low-cost private clinics, but had less knowledge about sources of condoms than urban migrants. Finally, rural residents had more knowledge and utilization of township hospitals than urban residents. This latter group were more likely to utilize high-level hospitals. Migrants' access to health care in urban China is understood better using a dual rural–urban and migrant–resident analytical framework. Rural migrants are the most disadvantaged in their access to urban health care. Further reform of the registered residence system and urban public financing system is recommended. Better information on services and their utilization should be provided to migrants and residents.
Polymer-laden homogeneous shear-driven turbulent flow: a model for polymer drag reduction
Authors: ROBERT ASHISH , VAITHIANATHAN T. , COLLINS LANCE R. , BRASSEUR JAMES G.
Published: June 2010

Drag reduction (DR) under a turbulent boundary layer implies the suppression of turbulent momentum flux to the wall, a large-eddy phenomenon. Our hypothesis is that the essential mechanisms by which dilute concentrations of long-chain polymer molecules reduce momentum flux involve only the interactions among turbulent velocity fluctuations, polymer molecules and mean shear. Experiments indicate that these interactions dominate in a polymer-active ‘elastic layer’ outside the viscous sublayer and below a Newtonian inertial layer in a polymer-laden turbulent boundary layer. We investigate our hypothesis by modelling the suppression of momentum flux with direct numerical simulation (DNS) of homogeneous turbulent shear flow (HTSF) and the finite extensible nonlinear elastic with Peterlin approximation (FENE-P) model for polymer stress. The polymer conformation tensor equation was solved using a new hyperbolic algorithm with no artificial diffusion. We report here on the equilibrium state with fixed mean shear rateS, where progressive increases in non-dimensional polymer relaxation timeWeS(shear Weissenberg number) or concentration parameter 1 − β produced progressive reductions in Reynolds shear stress, turbulence kinetic energy and turbulence dissipation rate, concurrent with increasing polymer stress and elastic potential energy. The changes in statistical variables underlying polymer DR with 1 − β,WeS, %DRand polymer-induced changes to spectra are similar to experiments in channel and pipe flows and show that the experimentally measured increase in normalized streamwise velocity variance is an indirect consequence of DR that is true only at lower DR. Comparison of polymer stretch and elastic potential energy budgets with channel flow DNS showed qualitative correspondence when distance from the wall was correlated toWeS. AsWeSincreased, the homogeneous shear flow displayed low-DR, high-DR and maximum-DR (MDR) regimes, similar to experiments, with each regime displaying distinctly different polymer–turbulence physics. The suppression of turbulent momentum flux arises from the suppression of vertical velocity fluctuations primarily by polymer-induced suppression of slow pressure–strain rate correlations. In the high-Weissenberg-number MDR-like limit, the polymer nearly completely blocks Newtonian inter-component energy transfer to vertical velocity fluctuations and turbulence is maintained by the polymer contribution to pressure–strain rate. Our analysis from HTSF with the FENE-P representation of polymer stress and its comparisons with experimental and DNS studies of wall-bounded polymer–turbulence supports our central hypothesis that the essential mechanisms underlying polymer DR lie directly in the suppression of momentum flux by polymer–turbulence interactions in the presence of mean shear and indirectly in the presence of the wall as the shear-generating mechanism.