bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Status of MWth Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell (IGFC) Power Generation System Demonstration in China
Authors: Wei Chang , Liu Zhien , Li Chufu , Singh Surinder , Lu Haoren , Gong Yudong , Li Pingping , Wang Hanlin , Yang Xia , Xu Ming , Mu Shujun
Published: November 2020

This paper provides status update of IGFC power generation system being developed at National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon (NICE) at MWth scale. This system is designed to use coal as fuel to produce syngas as a first step similar to integrated gasification combined cycles (IGCC). Subsequently, the solid oxide fuel cell system is used to convert chemical energy to electricity directly through electrochemical reaction without combustion, which is different from IGCC. This system leads to a higher efficiency as compared to a traditional coal-fired power plant. The unreacted fuel in the SOFC system is transported to an oxygen-combustor to be converted to steam and CO2. Through heat recovery system, the steam is condensed and removed, and CO2 is enriched and captured for sequestration or utilization, such as co-electrolysis of CO2 and H2O using curtailed renewable energy for production of syngas. Comprehensive economic analysis for a typical IGFC system was performed and the results were compared with supercritical pulverized coal-fired (SCPC) power plant, showing the cost of electricity (COE) of IGFC could be up to 20% lower than that by SCPC with CO2 capture. The SOFC stacks selected for IGFC development were tested and qualified under both hydrogen and simulated coal syngas fuel showing good consistency and stable long term performance. Experimental results using SOFC stacks and thermodynamic analysis (using ASPEN Plus) indicate that the hydrogen to CO ratio of the syngas is preferred to be 1.68 or higher to avoid carbon deposition inside of the fuel pipe. For lower H2/CO ratio, steam to CO ratio needs to be higher. Besides, the steam needs to be mixed well with the syngas above 100oC and below the temperatures where carbon formation is thermodynamically favored. The 20kW SOFC power generation unit is being developed with design system conditions of 20 kW maximum power, current density of 0.334 A/cm2, DC efficiency of 50.41%, and fuel utilization of 80%. A 100kW-level subsystem will consist of 6 x 20kW power generation units, and the MWth IGFC system will consist of 5 x 100kW-level subsystems.
Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Reduction in Patients’ Waiting Time for Outpatient Procedures: A Matched Case–Control Study
Authors: Li Xiaoqing , Tian Dan , Li Weihua , Dong Bin , Wang Hansong , Yuan Jiajun , Li Biru , Shi Lei , Lin Xulin , Zhao Liebin , Liu Shijian
Published: November 2020

Background: Many studies indicate that patient satisfaction is significantly negatively correlated with waiting time. A well-designed healthcare system should not keep patients waiting too long for appointment and consultation. However, in China, patients spend considerable time waiting, and the actual time spent on diagnosis and treatment in the consulting room is comparatively less.Methods: We developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted module that is embedded in hospital information systems. Through its use, outpatients were automatically recommended an imaging examination or a laboratory test based on their symptoms and chief complaint. Thus, they could get examined or tested before they went to see the doctor. People who saw a doctor in the traditional way were assigned to the conventional group, and those who used the AI-assisted system were assigned to the AI-assisted group. We conducted a 1:1 case–control study that applied propensity score matching to pair the data from patients in a pediatric tertiary hospital between August 1, 2019 and January 31, 2020. Waiting time was defined as the time from registration to preparation for a laboratory test or an imaging examination. The total cost included the registration fee, test fee, examination fee, and drug fee. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare the differences in time and cost between the AI-assisted group and the conventional group. The statistical significance level was set at 0.05 for two sides.Results: A total of 12,342 visits were recruited for this study, consisting of 6,171 visits in the conventional group and 6,171 visits in the AI-assisted group. The median waiting time was 0.38 (inter-quartile range: 0.20, 1.33) hours for the AI-assisted group compared with 1.97 (0.76, 3.48) hours for the conventional group (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Using AI can significantly reduce the waiting time of patients for outpatient procedures, and thus, enhance the outpatient process of hospitals.
Requirement for containing etoposide in the initial treatment of lymphoma associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Song Yue , Wang Jingshi , Wang Yini , Wu Lin , Wang Zhao
Published: November 2020

Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe or even fatal inflammatory status caused by a hereditary or acquired immunoregulatory abnormality. Lymphoma associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (LAHS) is a kind of secondary HLH (sHLH). It has the worst prognosis among sHLH. However, there’s still no standard treatment strategy. The argument mainly focuses on whether an HLH-directed or malignancy-directed approach should initially be adopted. Etoposide is one of the key drugs in HLH treatment, also effective in lymphomas. We sought to identify the importance of containing etoposide in initial treatment, comparing with the chemotherapy which directed at lymphoma but without etoposide. Methods: 66 patients diagnosed as LAHS in our center between Jan 1 2015 and Dec 31 2017 were divided into two groups according to weather the initial treatment containing etoposide, or other lymphoma-directed chemotherapy without etoposide. Results: The remission rate of the initial etoposide group (52 patients) is significantly better than that of no initial etoposide group (14 patients) (73.1% vs. 42.9%, p=0.033). The 2-month survival rate (79.8% vs. 46.8%, p=0.035) and overall survival (median survival time 25.8w vs. 7.8w, p=0.048) of the initial etoposide contained group is significantly better. Multivariate cox analysis revealed that for patients without EBV infection (37 cases), initial treatment with etoposide could significantly improve prognosis (p=0.010, Exp(B)=0.183), but for patients with positive EBV, it’s not significant. Conclusions: Containing etoposide is beneficial in the initial treatment of LAHS, weather using the HLH directed or lymphoma directed strategy. It provides higher response rate, lower mortality rate and better survival, especially for EBV negative patients.
Analysis of Anxiety-Related Factors amongst Frontline Dental Staff during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Yichang, China
Authors: Zhao Suli , Cao Jing , Zhang Lin , Liu Beibei , Sun Rongcan
Published: November 2020

Background: Dental staff were characterized with the tolerance of enduring stress and they were at a high risk to respiratory infectious disease. This study compared the anxiety level of the frontline dental staff (FDS) to the general public in Yichang during the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and examined potential explanatory factors to the differences.Methods: Two online questionnaires were used separately to collect data from FDS and the general public. The Chinese version of Becker Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was included for the assessment of anxiety. Firstly, a Chi-square test was conducted to compare the anxiety state between these two groups. Then, a bivariate analysis using Cramer’s V and Eta squared was conducted to find the potential factors. Lastly, a binary logistic regression was performed to examine the association between potential factors and the anxiety state of FDS.Results: In general, FDS were 4.342 (95% CI: 2.427-7.768) times more likely to suffer from anxiety disorder than the general public. The bivariate analysis showed that age, Level Three Protective Measures (PM-3), conflicts with patients and/or colleagues were moderately associated with the anxiety state of FDS. But the knowledge of COVID-19, the treatment to suspected or confirmed cases both had a weak association with the anxiety among FDS. Conversely, workload, the exposure to potential infectious substance and conducting aerosol generated performance were not significantly related to the anxiety of FDS. As the model indicated, an elder age and PM-3 protective measures could lower the anxiety state of FDS, whereas the conflict with patients or/and colleagues would worsen it.Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, FDS were more likely to suffer from anxiety disorders than the general public. Sufficient personal protective measures and good relationships with colleagues and patients would help them to maintain good mental health.
Loss of exosomal miR-146a-5p from cancer-associated fibroblasts after androgen deprivation therapy contributes to prostate cancer metastasis
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhao Jing , Ding Mao , Su Yiming , Cui Di , Jiang Chenyi , Zhao Sheng , Jia Gaozhen , Wang Xiaohai , Ruan Yuan , Jing Yifeng , Xia Shujie , Han Bangmin
Published: November 2020

Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the backbone of therapy for advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Despite the good initial response, castration resistance and metastatic progression will inevitably occur. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) may be implicated in promoting metastasis of PCa after ADT. Our aim is to investigate the role and mechanism of CAFs-derived exosomes involving in metastasis of PCa after ADT.Methods: PCa cells were co-cultured with exosomes derived from 10 nM dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated (simulating the high androgen level of prostate cancer microenvironment） or ethanol (ETOH) -treated (simulating the castration level of prostate cancer microenvironment after ADT) CAFs, and their migration and invasion differences under castration condition were examined both in vitro and in vivo. The miRNA profiles of exosomes derived from DHT-treated CAFs and matched ETOH-treated CAFs were analysed via next generation sequencing. The transfer of exosomal miR-146a-5p from CAFs to PCa cells was identified by fluorescent microscopy. The function and direct target gene of exosomal miR-146a-5p in PCa cells were confirmed through Transwell assays, luciferase reporter, and western blot.Results: Compared with DHT-treated CAFs, exosomes derived from ETOH-treated CAFs dramatically increased migration and invasion of PCa cells under castration condition. MiR-146a-5p level in exosomes from ETOH-treated CAFs was significantly reduced. The loss of miR-146a-5p may strengthen the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to accelerate cancer cells metastasis by modulating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/ERK pathway.Conclusions: CAFs-derived exosomal miR-146a-5p confers metastasis in PCa cells under ADT through the EGFR/ERK pathway and it may present a new treatment for PCa.
A glycolysis-based three-gene signature predicts survival in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Huang Guichuan , Zhang Jing , Gong Ling , Huang Yi , Liu Daishun
Published: November 2020

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most lethal and most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide, and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is one of major histological subtypes. Although, numerous biomarkers were found to be associated with prognosis in LUSC, the prediction effect of a single gene biomarker is not sufficient, especially for glycolysis-related genes. Therefore, we aimed to develop a novel glycolysis-related gene signature to predict survival of patients with LUSC.Methods: The mRNA expression files and clinical information of LUSC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset.Results: Based on Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), we found 5 glycolysis-related gene sets were significantly enriched in LUSC tissues. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional regression models were conducted to choose prognostic-related gene signature. Based on Cox proportional regression model, a risk score of three-gene signature (including HKDC1, ALDH7A1, and MDH1) was established to divide patients into high-risk and low-risk subgroups. We found that a risk score of three-gene signature was an independent of prognostic indicator in LUSC using multivariate Cox regression analysis. Additionally, based on the cBioPortal database, the rate of alterations in HKDC1, ALDH7A1, and MDH1 genes were 1.9%, 1.1%, and 5% in LUSC patients, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, a glycolysis-based three-gene signature could serve as a novel biomarker in predicting prognosis of patients with LUSC, which provided more gene targets to cure LUSC patients.
Sex-dependent differences in the secretome of human endothelial cells
Authors: Cattaneo Maria Grazia , Banfi Cristina , Brioschi Maura , Lattuada Donatella , Vicentini Lucia M.
Published: November 2020

Background: Cellular sex has been rarely considered as a biological variable in preclinical research, even when the pathogenesis of diseases with predictable sex differences is studied. In this perspective, proteomics, and ‘omics approaches in general, can provide powerful tools to obtain comprehensive cellular maps, thus favoring the discovery of still unknown sex-biased physio-pathological mechanisms.Methods: We performed proteomic and gene ontology (GO) analyses of secretome from human serum-deprived male and female endothelial cells (ECs) followed by ELISA validation. Apoptosis was detected by FACS and western blot techniques, and efferocytosis through the ability of the macrophage cell line RAW-264.7 to engulf apoptotic ECs. PTX3 mRNA levels were measured by RT-qPCR. Results: Proteomic and GO analyses of the secretome from starved human male and female ECs demonstrated a significant enrichment in proteins related to cellular responses to stress and to the regulation of apoptosis in the secretome of male ECs. Accordingly, a higher percentage of male ECs underwent apoptosis in response to serum deprivation in comparison to female ECs. Among the secreted proteins, we reliably found higher levels of PTX3 in the male EC secretome. The silencing of PTX3 suggests that male ECs were dependent on its expression to properly carry out the efferocytotic process. At variance, female EC efferocytosis seems to be independent on PTX3 expression. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that serum-starved male and female ECs possess different secretory phenotypes that might take part in the sex-biased response to cellular stress. We identified PTX3 as a crucial player in the male-specific endothelial response to an apoptotic trigger. This novel and sex-related role for secreted proteins, and mainly for PTX3, may open the way to the discovery of still unknown sex-specific mechanisms and pharmacological targets for the prevention and treatment of endothelial dysfunction at the onset of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
Dissecting Molecular Mechanisms Underlying H2O2-induced Apoptosis of Mouse Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell: Role of Mst1 Inhibition.
Authors: Zhang Qian , Cheng Xianfeng , Zhang Haizhou , Zhang Tao , Wang Zhengjun , Zhang Wenlong , Yu Wancheng
Published: November 2020

BackgroundBone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) has been shown to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases the apoptosis of BM-MSCs, leading to poor survival and engraft efficiency. Thus, improving the ability of BM-MSCs to scavenge ROS may considerably enhance the effectiveness of transplantation therapy. Mammalian Ste20-like kinase 1 (Mst1) is a pro-apoptotic molecule which increases ROS production. The aim of this study is to uncover the underlying mechanisms the effect of Mst1 inhibition on the tolerance of BM-MSCs under H2O2 condition.MethodsMst1 expression in BM-MSCs was inhibited via transfection with adenoviruses expressing a short hairpin (sh) RNA directed against Mst1 (Ad-sh-Mst1) and exposure to H2O2. Cell viability was detected by Cell counting Kit 8 (CCK‑8) assay, and cell apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V-FITC/PI, Caspase 3 Activity Assay kits, and pro caspase 3 expression. ROS level was evaluated by the ROS probe DCFH-DA, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) assay, SOD1/2, CAT, and GPx expression. Autophagy was assessed using transmission electron microscopy, stubRFP-sensGFP-LC3 lentivirus and autophagy-related protein expression. The autophagy/Keap1/Nrf2 signal in H2O2-treated BM-MSC/sh-Mst1 was also measured.ResultsMst1 inhibition reduced ROS production, increased antioxidant enzyme SOD1/2, CAT, GPx expression, maintained ΔΨm, and alleviated cell apoptosis in H2O2-treated BM-MSCs. In addition, this phenomenon was closely correlated with the autophagy/Keap1/Nrf2 signal pathway. Moreover, the antioxidant pathway Keap1/Nrf2, was also blocked when autophagy was inhibited by the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. However, Keap1 or Nrf2 knockout via siRNA had no effect on autophagy activation or suppression.ConclusionMst1 inhibition mediated the cytoprotective action of mBM-MSCs against H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury. The underlying mechanisms involve autophagy activation and the Keap1/Nrf2 signal pathway.
A reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for broad coverage detection of Asian and African Zika virus lineages
Authors: Teoh Boon-Teong , Chin Kim-Ling , Samsudin Nur-Izyan , Loong Shih-Keng , Sam Sing-Sin , Tan Kim-Kee , Khor Chee-Sieng , Abd-Jamil Juraina , Zainal Nurhafiza , Wilder-Smith Annelies , Zandi Keivan , AbuBakar Sazaly
Published: November 2020

Background: Early detection of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during the viremia and viruria facilitates proper patient management and mosquito control measurement to prevent disease spread. Therefore, a cost-effective nucleic acid detection method for the diagnosis of ZIKV infection, especially in resource-deficient settings, is highly required.Methods: In the present study, a single-tube reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was developed for the detection of both the Asian and African-lineage ZIKV. The detection limit, strain coverage and cross-reactivity of the ZIKV RT-LAMP assay was evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity of the RT-LAMP were also evaluated using a total of 24 simulated clinical samples. The ZIKV quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was used as the reference assay.Results: The detection limit of the RT-LAMP assay was 3.73 ZIKV RNA copies (probit analysis, P ≤ 0.05). The RT-LAMP assay detected the ZIKV genomes of both the Asian and African lineages without cross-reacting with other arthropod-borne viruses. The sensitivity and specificity of the RT-LAMP assay were 90% (95% CI = 59.6 – 98.2) and 100% (95% CI = 78.5 – 100.0), respectively. The RT-LAMP assay detected ZIKV genome in 9 of 24 (37.5%) of the simulated clinical samples compared to 10 of 24 (41.7%) by qRT-PCR assay with a high level of concordance (k = 0.913, P < 0.001).Conclusion: The RT-LAMP assay is applicable for the broad coverage detection of both the Asian and African ZIKV strains in resource-deficient settings.
2D-3D integration of hBN and a high-κ dielectric for ultrafast graphene-based electro-absorption modulators
Authors: Agarwal Hitesh , Terrés Bernat , Orsini Lorenzo , Montanaro Alberto , Sorianello Vito , Pantouvaki Marianna , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Thourhout Dries Van , Romagnoli Marco , Koppens Frank
Published: November 2020

Electro-absorption (EA) waveguide-coupled modulators are essential building blocks for on-chip optical communications. Compared to state-of-the-art silicon (Si) devices, graphene based EA modulators promise smaller footprints, larger temperature stability, cost-effective integration and high speeds. However, combining high speed and large modulation efficiencies in a single graphene-based device has remained elusive so far. In this work, we overcome this fundamental trade-off by demonstrating the first 2D-3D dielectric integration in a high-quality encapsulated graphene device. We integrated hafnium oxide (HfO2) and two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) within the insulating section of a double-layer (DL) graphene EA modulator. This novel combination of materials allows for a high-quality modulator device with record high performances: a ∼39GHz bandwidth (BW) with a three-fold increase in modulation efficiency compared to previously reported high speed modulators. This first demonstration of 2D-3D integration paves the way to a plethora of electronic and opto-electronic devices with enhanced performance and stability, while expanding the freedom for new device designs.
Brief problem-solving therapy for antenatal depressive symptoms in primary care in rural Ethiopia: protocol for a randomised, controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Bitew Tesera , Keynejad Roxanne , Myers Bronwyn , Honikman Simone , Medhin Girmay , Girma Fikirte , Howard Louise , Sorsdahl Katherine , Hanlon Charlotte
Published: November 2020

Background: Despite a high prevalence of antenatal depression in low- and middle-income countries, there is very little evidence for contextually adapted psychological interventions delivered in rural African settings.The aims of this study are: (1) to examine the feasibility of procedures for a future fully powered efficacy trial of contextually adapted brief Problem Solving Therapy (PST) for antenatal depression in rural Ethiopia, and (2) to investigate the acceptability, fidelity and feasibility of delivery of PST in routine antenatal care.Methods: Design: A randomized, controlled, feasibility trial and mixed method process evaluation. Participants: Consecutive women attending antenatal clinics in two primary care facilities in rural Ethiopian districts. Eligibility criteria: 1) Disabling levels of depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) score of five or more and positive for the 10th disability item); 2) gestational age 12-34 weeks; 3) aged 16 years and above, 4) planning to live in the study area for at least six months; 5) no severe medical or psychiatric conditions. Intervention: Four sessions of adapted PST delivered by trained and supervised antenatal care staff over a maximum period of eight weeks. Control: enhanced usual care (EUC). Sample size: n=50. Randomisation: individual randomisation stratified by intimate partner violence (IPV). Allocation: central phone allocation. Outcome assessors and statistician masked to allocation status. Primary feasibility trial outcome: dropout rate. Primary future efficacy trial outcome: change in PHQ-9 score, assessed nine weeks after recruitment. Secondary outcomes: anxiety symptoms, trauma symptoms, intimate partner violence, disability, healthcare costs at 9 weeks; postnatal outcomes (perinatal and neonatal complications, onset of breast feeding, child health) assessed 4-6 weeks postnatal. Other trial feasibility indicators: recruitment, number and duration of sessions attended. Audio-recording of randomly selected sessions and in-depth interviews with purposively selected participants, healthcare providers and supervisors will be analysed thematically to explore the acceptability and feasibility of the trial procedures and fidelity of the delivery of PST.Discussion: The findings of the study will be used to inform the design of a fully-powered efficacy trial of brief PST for antenatal depression in routine care in rural Ethiopia. Trial registration: The protocol was registered in the Pan-African clinical trials registry, (PACTR): registration number: PACTR202008712234907 on 18/08/2020;URL: https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=9578Funding: This work is supported through the DELTAS Africa Initiative [DEL-15-01].
Midwives’ Integration of Post-Abortion Manual Vacuum Aspiration in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Mixed Methods Case Study & Positive Deviance Assessment
Authors: Bourret Kirsty Marie , Larocque Sylvie , Hien Amélie , Hogue Carol , Muray Kalum , Lukusa Aurélie Thethe , Ngabo Abel Minani
Published: November 2020

Background: Despite a recognized need for midwives to provide post abortion care, there exist barriers preventing them from integrating lifesaving skills such as manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) into practice. This collaborative research with the Professional Association of Congolese Midwives (SCOSAF), sought to understand how certain midwives in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) have overcome barriers to successfully integrate MVA for post abortion care. Specifically, in order to provide locally-driven solutions to the problem of inadequate post abortion care in the DRC, this study aimed to identify examples of positive deviance, or midwives who had successfully integrated MVA in complex working environments following an in-service training facilitated by their midwifery association, SCOSAF.Methods: Creswell’s mixed method comparative case study design was used to identify positive deviant midwives who had practiced MVA one or more times post training and to explore their strategies and enabling factors. Other midwives who had not practiced MVA post training permitted for a comparison group and further interpretations. Sources of data included a sequential survey and semi-structured interviews. Results: All 102 midwives invited to be surveyed were recruited and 34% reported practicing MVA post training (positive deviant midwives). No statistical significance was found between the two groups’ demographics and practice facility type. Overall, both groups had positive attitudes regarding midwifery-led MVA and legalization of abortion. Positive deviant midwives demonstrated and described more confidence and competence to practice and teach MVA. They were more likely to identify as teachers and overcome interprofessional barriers by teaching MVA to physicians, medical students and other midwives and position themselves as experts during post abortion emergencies.Conclusion: Results provided important insight to midwives’ integration of post abortion care in Kinshasa. Strategies used by positive deviant midwives in emergencies allowed them to navigate challenging contexts in order to practice MVA, while simultaneously increasing the credibility of their profession and the dissemination of evidenced-based MVA practice. Programs designed to work with and promote positive deviant midwives as knowledge brokers could be tested for their overall impact on the diffusion of midwifery-led MVA to improve access to safe, respectful reproductive care.
Validity and Reliability of the Portuguese-Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills (P-Pass) for Portuguese Individuals with Disabilities
Authors: Ferreira Pedro L , Simões Ana Lúcia , Dourado Marília , Holm Margo B. , Rogers Joan C.
Published: November 2020

Background: Due to the increasing need to measure health outcomes and to ensure a more independent life, it is essential to validate instruments capable of assessing the functionality of activities of daily living. The Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills (PASS), based on three occupational performance constructs (independence, safety and adequacy), allows health professionals to delineate their interventions more effectively according to the needs of each patient. The purpose of this study was to create a Portuguese version of the PASS (P-PASS) and to measure the performance of people with disabilities. Methods. Linguistic validation was performed through the translation/back-translation procedure. Next, the scale to be completed by health professionals was submitted to a clinical review by a panel of experts. Subsequently, it was applied to 98 people with physical and/or cognitive disabilities. The data collected were then analyzed and the results evaluated in accordance with the three PASS constructs. The results were also analyzed in terms of age and gender. Results. To create the Portuguese version, one task was removed from the original PASS and seven tasks were combined or adapted. Task independence had the highest scores and adequacy the lowest. In terms of reliability, the P-PASS revealed almost perfect levels of agreement between observers, except for the adequacy construct of the ‘bed mobility’ task that showed moderate agreement. In general, the original structure of the PASS was replicated in the Portuguese version. Men presented greater independence than women in the tasks of ‘bill paying by ATM’ and ‘changing TV command batteries.’ Participants under 60 years of age had the highest scores overall. Conclusions. The combination or adaptation of some items to be more culturally relevant is a valid procedure that has been used by other authors during the validation of PASS items. The results obtained by P-PASS showed comparable scores with the original PASS and with other translated/adapted versions. The P-PASS is a valid and reliable scale for the Portuguese population, enabling more effective measurement of health outcomes.
Lay persons’ perception of the requirements for research in emergency obstetric and newborn care
Authors: Kaye Daniel Kabonge
Published: November 2020

Background: Factors that could potentially act as facilitators and barriers to successful recruitment strategies in perinatal clinical trials are not well documented. The objective was to assess lay persons’ understanding of the informed consent for randomized clinical trial in emergency obstetric and newborn care. Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted among survivors of severe obstetric complications who were attending the post-natal clinic of Kawempe National Referral Hospital, Uganda, 6-8 weeks after surviving severe obstetric complications during pregnancy or childbirth. The study that involved 18 in-depth interviews was conducted from June 1, 2019 to July 6, 2019. The issues explored included perceptions of the purpose and necessity to conduct such research how research-related information would be disclosed, and what could be the potential benefits and risks of participation. The data was analyzed by thematic analysis. Findings: Respondents felt that research was necessary to investigate the cause, prevention or complications of an illness, especially as much was known about some pregnancy and newborn complications. Most believed that the emergency contexts affects whether and what prospective participants may understand if information about research was disclosed. Whereas they did not see the value of procedures like randomization, they felt that if these and any other procedures necessary should be done transparently and fairly. The decisions to participate would significantly be influenced by possibility of risk to the unborn baby or the newborn. Solidarity was an important influence on decision-making. Conclusion: Respondents valued participation in RCTs in emergency obstetric and newborn care. However, they expressed concerns and valued openness, transparency and accountability with regard to how clinical trials information is disclosed and the decision-making process for clinical trial participation. While autonomy and solidarity are contradictory values, they complement each other during decision-making for informed consent.
Results and molecular correlates from a pilot study of neoadjuvant induction FOLFIRINOX followed by chemoradiation and surgery for gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas
Authors: Wo Jennifer , Clark Jeffrey , Eyler Christine , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Klempner Samuel , Allen Jill , Keane Florence , Parikh Aparna , Roeland Eric , Drapek Lorraine , Ryan David , Corcoran Ryan , Seventer Emily van , Fetter Isobel , Shahzade Heather , Khandekar Melin , Lanuti Michael , Morse Christopher , Heist Rebecca , Ulysse Christine , Christopher Benjamin , Baglini Christian , Yeap Beow , Mullen John , Hong Theodore
Published: November 2020

We performed a NCI-sponsored, prospective study of neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX followed by chemoradiation (CRT) with carboplatin/paclitaxel followed by surgery in patients with locally advanced gastric or gastroesophageal (GEA) cancer. The primary objective was to determine completion rate of neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX x 8 followed by CRT. Secondary endpoints were toxicity and pathologic complete response (pCR) rate. Exploratory analysis was performed of ctDNA to treatment response. From Oct 2017 to June 2018, 25 patients were enrolled. All patients started FOLFIRINOX, 92% completed all 8 planned cycles, and 88% completed CRT. Twenty (80%) patients underwent surgical resection, and 7 had a pCR (35% in resected cohort, 28% ITT ). Tumor-specific mutations were identified in 21 (84%) patients, of whom 4 and 17 patients had undetectable and detectable ctDNA at baseline, respectively. Presence of detectable post-CRT ctDNA (p=0.004) and/or postoperative ctDNA (p=0.045) were associated with disease recurrence. Here we show neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX followed by CRT for locally advanced GEA is feasible and yields a high rate of pCR. ctDNA appears to be a promising predictor of postoperative recurrence.
Integrated analysis of land-use, energy and water systems for ethanol production from sugarcane in Bolivia
Authors: Balderrama Jenny Gabriela Pena , Khatiwada Dilip , Gardumi Francesco , Alfstad Thomas , Jimenez Silvia Ulloa , Howells Mark
Published: November 2020

The use of biomass for renewable energy production is one alternative to reduce the environmental impacts of energy production worldwide. Sugarcane-based ethanol is one of the most widespread biofuels in the road transport sector and its development has been encouraged by strong incentives on production and use in several countries. The growing realization on the environmental impacts of ethanol production indicates the need to increase the efficient utilization of biomass resources by optimizing the production chain sustainably. This papers evaluates enhancements in the ethanol production chain quantitatively by identifying opportunities for agricultural intensification and for investments in advanced biorefineries in a least-cost optimization model. Results of our model show that significant cost and environemtal benefits can be achieved by modernizing sugarcane agriculture in Bolivia. Demands for ethanol and sugar can be met cost-effectively by increasing sugarcane yields from the current country-average of 55.34 ton/ha to 85.7 ton/ha in 2030 with a moderate cropland expansion of 14.4 thousand hectares in the period 2019-2030. Our results further suggest that it is cost-optimal to invest in current technological advancements in efficient cogeneration to maximize the renewable energy output and the economic benefits of sugarcane ethanol. Finally, biofuel support in the range of 8-10 US$/GJ is required for investments in second-generation ethanol to be cost-competitive in the medium-term.
A Genome-Wide Analysis of the Chloroplast NADH Dehydrogenase-like Complex in Zostera Marina: Identification, Splicing, Editing and Profiles of Expression
Authors: Ma Mingyu , Zhong Mingyu , Zhang Quansheng , Zhao Wei , Wang Mengxin , Luo Chengying , Xu Bin
Published: November 2020

Background: The chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like (NDH) complex, homologous to respiratory complex I, participates in photosystem I cyclic electron flow (PSI-CEF) and chlororespiration in photosynthesis. However, little information was available about the ndh genes in Zostera marina which is one of the most productive and wide-distributed seagrasses.Results: The phylogenetic analysis indicated that Z. marina has a complete NDH complex which is rarely observed in marine macrophytes. We identified all 31 ndh genes necessary for the functional NDH complex, with ndhB and pnsb3 occurring as duplication events. Secondary structural analyses of antiporter-like subunits showed that the long amphipathic helix of NdhF was lost in Z. marina, suggesting an alternative mode in the generation of trans-thylakoid proton gradient. The splicing pattern in ndh genes exhibited tissue-specific patterns but no response to photo-regulation. RNA editing in Z. marina presented the ancestral pattern with many of the primitive editing sites and types. The partial editing in ndhF reflected the link between light stress and RNA editing. Moreover, predominant expression in the leaves of most ndh genes implied their major function in photosynthesis. The dynamic profiles of expression in response to light stress suggested that there were two diverse responsive and regulatory mechanisms of the NDH complex in PSI-CEF and chlororespiration.Conclusions: In this study, we performed a systematic analysis of the identification, splicing, editing and pattern of expression of the Z. marina NDH complex. Our study help elucidate the further evolutionary and functional exploration of the NDH complex.
Deposition and Transformation of Nitrogen after Soil Fumigation with Ethanedinitrile
Authors: Stevens Mary C. , Yang Rui , Freeman Joshua H.
Published: November 2020

A novel methyl bromide alternative, ethanedinitrile (EDN), has been reported to be efficacious against soil-borne pathogens, weeds, and plant-parasitic nematodes. Degradation products of EDN include NH4+and NH3, but it is currently unknown at what quantities these degradation products are being released into the soil at a given use rate of EDN. To address this issue, field studies were performed using the raised-bed plasticulture system. Deposition of NH4+ and NO3− in top 0–15-, 15–30-, and 30–45-cm soils were evaluated 3 weeks after fumigation with EDN applied at 336, 448, and 560 kg·ha−1. Change of pH and transformation of NH4+ to NO3− in top 0–15- and 15–30-cm soils were tracked weekly after fumigation with EDN at 448 kg·ha−1 for 10 weeks. This study found that fumigation with EDN significantly increased soil pH of the top 0–15-cm soil and soil NH4+ in top 0–15- and 15–30-cm soils, but soil NO3− was unaffected. Nitrification process in top 0–15-cm soil was inhibited by fumigation with EDN for at least 7 weeks. These results indicate that N deposited by fumigation with EDN could be an important preplant N source for crop production, and the inhibition of nitrification could help mitigate nitrate leaching. This study provides helpful information for quantification of N deposited from fumigation with EDN.
Identities of and Phenotypic Variation for Epicuticular Waxes among Leaves and Plants from Inbred Onion Populations
Authors: Khosa Jiffinvir , Hunsaker Derek , Havey Michael J.
Published: November 2020

The amounts and types of epicuticular waxes on onion (Allium cepa) leaves affect feeding damage by onion thrips (Thrips tabaci). This study used gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) to establish the identities of waxes and measure over time wax amounts on leaves of inbred onion plants with glossy, semiglossy, and waxy foliage. Nine waxes were detected on leaves of all inbreds, and higher coefficients of variation (cv) were observed for less abundant waxes on foliage of doubled haploid onions. Older leaves had higher amounts of waxes compared with younger leaves on the same plant. Except for one minor wax, amounts of individual waxes on leaves were not significantly different for plants of different ages. There was a significant inbred by sampling date interaction due to lower amounts of waxes on the leaves of older plants from the semiglossy inbred. These results indicate that there is little advantage to multiple samplings of leaves over time from the same plant and resources may be better used to evaluate more plants. The relatively large cvs for amounts of specific waxes may reduce response to selection for unique epicuticular wax profiles to develop onion populations that suffer less feeding damage by onion thrips.
Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase by Coumarin-Linked Amino Acids Synthetized via Triazole Associated with Molecule Partition Coefficient
Authors: de Sousa Bianca , Leite João , Mendes Tiago , Varejão Eduardo , Chaves Anna , da Silva Júnio , Agrizzi Ana , Ferreira Priscila , Pilau Eduardo , Silva Evandro , dos Santos Marcelo
Published: November 2020

A previous study for the identification of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors demonstrated that the hybrid between tyrosol, the 1,2,3-triazole nucleus, and the coumarin group, namely 7-({1-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl}methoxy)-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one (10), has a high enzyme inhibitory activity. Here, we synthesized analogues of 10 via triazole with pharmacophoric groups represented by tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and glycine in addition to evaluating the impact of coumarin-linked amino acids on AChE inhibition. We obtained eight triazoles, six of which are undescribed. In general, the presence of carboxylic acid decreased the inhibitory activity, while aromatic amino acids increased enzymatic inhibition compared to glycine. The derivative containing tyrosine, structurally most similar to 10, presented the lowest inhibition percentage, indicating that phenolic hydroxyl is not the preponderant factor for inhibition. Molecular docking was not enough to explain in vitro experiments. On the other hand, MlogP (logP calculated by the Moriguchi method) was related positively to enzymatic inhibition. To increase the hydrophobicity of the molecules, we tested the esterified triazole derivatives comparatively with the enzyme. The compound ethyl 2-(4-(((4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl)oxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetate (6) presented an increment of inhibitory activity of 46.97 ± 1.75% at 100 μmol L-1. We also associated the best activity with the lowest van der Waals volume and molar mass values.
Experimental study on acceleration response laws of shallow-buried bias tunnels with a small distance
Authors: Wang Feifei , Ren Qingyang , Peng Yang , Zhang Yong , Zou Ping , Hu Wanjie , Ma Zeng
Published: November 2020

Based on the similarity theory, a physical testing model with scale of 1:10 was designed and fabricated. The Wenchuan wave (WC-XZ), Darui artificial wave (DR-XZ) and Kobe wave (K-XZ) were adopted as excitation waves which was XZ directions (horizontal and vertical loading at the same time). A series of shaking table tests were carried out to study the effect of the types, directions and peaks acceleration of the seismic waves on the acceleration response laws of the shallow-buried bias tunnels with small distance. The results show that: (1) in the horizontal direction, the types of the seismic waves have a little effect on the acceleration response, but the law is opposite with Kobe wave being the most serious, followed by Darui artificial wave and Wenchuan wave in the vertical direction. (2) The existing slope has a significant effect on the acceleration response of the right hole which is different from that of the left hole. (3) The acceleration response of the tunnel in the vertical direction is more severe than that of the horizontal direction and the acceleration amplification factors in vertical direction are is generally 1.02-3.94 times that of the horizontal direction. (4) in the seismic design of tunnel, different seismic measures should be adopted in different directions. The results have a significant reference for the anti-seismic design of the tunnel.
Исследование электронной структуры и спектров оптического поглощения икосаэдрического золотого фуллерена Au-=SUB=-42-=/SUB=-
Authors: Миронов Г.И.
Published: November 2020

Электронная структура молекулы золотого фуллерена Au42 изучается в рамках гамильтониана Хаббарда. Получены выражения для Фурье-образов функций Грина, полюса которых определяют энергетический спектр рассматриваемого нанокластера. Энергетический спектр Au42 исследуется в сравнении со спектром икосаэдрического золотого фуллерена Au32. Энергетический спектр свидетельствует о полупроводниковом состоянии золотого фуллерена Au42. Приведена плотность электронных состояний, пики которой соответствуют особенностям Ван Хова. Приведены спектры оптического поглощения нейтрального и отрицательно заряженного фуллерена Au42, энергия первого прямого оптического перехода отрицательно заряженного иона золотого фуллерена Au42- равна 0.985 eV, находится в ближней инфракрасной области. Показана возможность применения исследуемого нанокластера из атомов золота для диагностики и лечения раковых заболеваний. Ключевые слова: золотой фуллерен, спектр оптического поглощения, плотность электронных состояний, антикоммутаторная функция Грина, энергетический спектр.
A Proposed Remote Monitoring System (RMS) For COVID-19 Pandemic Based on IoT Medical Devices and Blockchain Network. (Preprint)
Authors: Hamza Noha
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

IoT has multiple benefits for healthcare applications. The implantable devices in the human body are one of the core technologies of IoT innovation in healthcare.RMS enables remote monitoring for COVID-19 patients at home, which provides a solution for the matter of overcrowded hospitals and limited number of beds. The allocation of hospital critical care resources like mechanical ventilation will be for critical cases. RMS avoids direct contact between doctors and infected patients and prevents healthcare worker infections. Provide central network for COVID-19 patients all over the world, which improve medical research.

OBJECTIVE

we aim to investigate the benefits and challenges of IoT in COVID-19 crisis, investigate the blockchain technology as a proposed solution for IoT healthcare challenges. In this paper we propose a remote monitoring system (RMS) based on IoT medical devices and blockchain for remote monitoring COVID-19 patients.

METHODS

The paper proposes and implements a remote monitoring system composed of two layers, a sensing layer, and a blockchain layer. In sensing layer, IoT sensor is implanted to the patient in order to track the coronavirus behavior in infected patient body. The blockchain layer is used to track the IoT sensor data and secure the communication between the implantable sensor and healthcare operators.

RESULTS

We implement RMS based on IoT medical devices and blockchain, which introduces a secure and trusted framework of COVID-19 patients for tracking virus behavior, improving availability of essential medicines, reducing infection, and improving data quality and quantity for medical research.

CONCLUSIONS

This paper investigates the benefits and challenges of IoT in COVID-19 crisis. The paper proposes the blockchain technology as a solution for the challenges facing IoT applications in healthcare and propose a remote monitoring system (RMS) based on IoT and blockchain technologies helps to provide COVID-19 infected patient efficient remote monitoring.
FABRICATION OF AN ABUSE DETERRENT AND MICROEMULSION-BASED SUBLINGUAL FILM OF BUPRENORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE FOR BREAKTHROUGH PAIN MANAGEMENT
Authors: MUNDHEY D. , SAPKAL N. , DAUD A.
Published: November 2020

Objective: The present research work aims to develop an abuse deterrent rapidly dissolving buprenorphine microemulsion loaded sublingual film for the treatment of breakthrough pain.

Methods: The Buprenorphine microemulsion loaded sublingual films were prepared using Capmul MCM C8 (oil), tween 20 (surfactant) and propylene glycol (co-surfactant) with different grades of film-forming polymer (HPMC) using film casting machine. The films were evaluated for in vitro disintegration and dissolution study, tensile strength, folding endurance, content uniformity, surface pH, thickness and weight variation, % loading of buprenorphine microemulsion in sublingual film, scanning electron microscope, ex vivo permeation study, droplet size and polydispersity index, Zeta potential, % moisture content, stability and abuse deterrent potential were evaluated.

Results: The optimized film formulation showed desired mechanical properties with minimum disintegration time of 21s and exhibited 34.45 % loading of Buprenorphine microemulsion. Permeation studies through goat sublingual mucosa, indicated 87% Buprenorphine release, through Buprenorphine microemulsion loaded sublingual film, whereas only 30% Buprenorphine release when it was directly added to film without microemulsion strategy.

Conclusion: The present study concludes that abuse deterrent and fast acting buprenorphine microemulsion-incorporated sublingual film of buprenorphine HCL and naloxone HCL is a promising alternative to mostly marketed buprenorphine injectable delivery systems and a non-invasive route of administration for breakthrough pain management.