ETYMOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AFFIXES
Authors: Ostapenko S. A. ,   Mykhailo Tuhan-Baranovskyi Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade, Chemodurova Ye. S. ,   Mykhailo Tuhan-Baranovskyi Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade
Published: July 2024

Objective. The objective of this article is to investigate the etymology of English affixes. Methods. The main scientific results are obtained using a complex of general scientific and special research methods, namely: analysis and synthesis of scientific literature on the problems of etymology, word formation, affixation; theoretical generalization and concretization; comparative method and methods linguistic research (contrastive and structural). Results. Etymological analysis plays a significant role in comparative linguistics as it determines the origin of words, records the history of changes in their structure, and explains their modern form In the course of the study one of the main ways of word formation in English, namely affixation was analysed. Affixed morphemes make changes to the word, they are divided into word-altering (modify the grammatical meaning) and word-forming (modify the lexical meaning). The former perform a grammatical role without affecting the lexical meaning of the word. Word-altering affixes are universal, i.e. they are applicable to all (or most) words of a given grammatical category. Word- forming affixes introduce a new lexical meaning, additional to that already contained in the root morpheme. Word-formation affixes are not universal, although, at first glance, they are used quite regularly in the process of creating new words from the same root. English suffixes and prefixes are diverse in origin. Along with productive suffixes and prefixes, which help to keep adding new lexical items to the English language, there are non-productive or alloproductive ones that occur either in one or more words or as a morphological feature of parts of speech. The study of prefix and suffix morphemes in English allows us to better understand the structural features of the language and their influence on word formation and the expression of grammatical relations. The study of these morphemes reveals the versatility of the language system, contributes to the enrichment of linguistic richness and improves linguistic expression. References Busel, V. T. (2005). Velykyi tlumachnyi slovnyk suchasnoi ukrainskoi movy : 250000 [A large explanatory dictionary of the modern Ukrainian language : 250000]. Kyiv, Irpin, Perun Publ., VIII, 1728 p. Vakariuk, L. O. & Pantso, S. Ye. (2010). Ukrainska mova. Morfemika i slovotvir. Navchalnyi posibnyk [Ukrainian Morphemics and word formation. Study guide]. Ternopil, Navchalna Knyha Bohdan Publ., 200 p. Horpynych, O. (1999). Suchasna ukrainska mova [Modern Ukrainian]. Kyiv, Vyshcha Shkola Publ., 207 p. Etymolohiia [Etymology]. Encyclopedia of modern Available at: https://esu.com.ua/article-18044 Slovotvorennia v suchasnii anhliiskii movi [Word formation in modern English] Available at: https://speak-up.com.ua/news/sposoby-slovotvorennya-v-anglijskij-movi/ Usi prefiksy v anhliiskykh slovakh zi znachenniamy ta prykladamy, yaki polehshat vam navchannia [All prefixes in English words with meanings and examples to make learning easier] Available at: https://cambridge.ua/uk/blog/prefixes-in-english/ Yaki ye sufiksy v anhliiskii movi? [What suffixes are there in English?] Available at: https://bukischool.com.ua/blog/sufiksy-v-angliiskiy-movi Yankovets, O. (2019). Slovotvirni sufiksy anhliiskykh terminivimennykiv prykordonnoi sfery [Word-forming suffixes of English term-nouns of the border area]. Inozemna filolohiia [Foreign philology], Issue 132, pp. 45–56. Bauer, (2023). The Birth and Death of Afﬁxes and Other Morphological Processes in English Derivation. Languages, Issue 8, 244. Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/2226- 471X/8/4/244 Online Etymology Dictionary. Available at: https://www.etymonline.com/word/