bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zróżnicowanie wynagrodzeń w przemyśle w Polsce
Authors: Antoszak Paweł
Published: September 2021

Celem artykułu jest określenie zróżnicowania wynagrodzeń w gałęziach przemysłu oraz identyfikacja czynników mających wpływ na zmiany zachodzące w poziomach, dynamice i relacjach wynagrodzeń w Polsce w latach 2007-2017. W artykule wykorzystano przeciętne miesięczne wynagrodzenia brutto w Polsce. Na podstawie tych danych obliczone zostały odchylenia, relacje, tempo zmian oraz wskaźniki statystyczne, takie jak: średnia, odchylenie standardowe oraz wskaźnik zmienności. Do przeprowadzenia analizy zastosowano dane statystyczne publikowane w rocznikach statystycznych GUS za lata 2007-2017.
Osobowość pracownika a wybór ścieżki kariery zawodowej
Authors: Kilian Robert
Published: September 2021

Głównym celem artykułu jest znalezienie odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy istnieje zależność między typem osobowości pracownika a wyborem przez niego ścieżki kariery zawodowej. Metoda badań, jaka została zastosowana, to narzędzie MBTI®. Wybór narzędzia został podyktowany jego popularnością zastoso¬wania w biznesie, szczególnie w procesach rekrutacyjnych, a także ze względu na łatwość interpreta¬cji wyników. Artykuł zawiera wyniki badań osobowości pracowników działów finansowych i działów sprzedaży wybranej firmy mediowej oraz zestaw wniosków i rekomendacji dla osób zarządzających zespołami i praktyków biznesu.
Atrakcyjność inwestowania na rynku whisky inwestycyjnej
Authors: Borowski Krzysztof , Matusewicz Michał
Published: September 2021

Inwestycje alternatywne zyskują na znaczeniu zwłaszcza w okresie perturbacji na rynkach finansowych. Ponadto z uwagi na niski współczynnik korelacji stóp zwrotu aktywów alternatywnych ze stopami zwrotu na rynku akcji czy też obligacji, mogą one być dodawane do portfeli inwestycyjnych w celu zwiększania efektywności tak skonstruowanych portfeli. Jednym z popularnych segmentów inwestycji alternatywnych, obok nieruchomości, dzieł sztuki, diamentów i win inwestycyjnych, powoli staje się rynek whisky inwestycyjnej. Porównanie stóp zwrotu w tym właśnie segmencie z innymi segmentami rynku finansowego jest utrudnione z uwagi mniejszą płynność rynku whisky niż chociażby akcji czy obligacji. Dlatego też zdecydowano się na zastosowanie trzech indeksów rynku whisky: Vintage 50, ICON 100 i Japanese ICON 100 w ujęciu miesięcznym. Uzyskane wyniki można zaliczyć do jednych z pierwszych na rynku polskim. W wielu przypadkach potwierdziły one inne badania z rynku świato¬wego dotyczące win inwestycyjnych, a z kolei w innych - zaprzeczyły im.
Consistency of in vitro drug sensitivities within pharmacological classes
Authors: Hon Casey , Nair Sisira , Smirnov Petr , Sharifi-Noghabi Hossein , Feizi Nikta , Shepherd Shaun , Haibe-Kains Benjamin
Published: September 2021

Multiple comparative analyses between the common drugs and cell lines of the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) and the Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal (CTRP) have previously shown low consistency between the in vitro phenotypic measures of a drug in one study with the other. While several potential sources of inconsistency have been tested, the similar targets of tested compounds has yet to be tested as a contributing factor of discrepancy. This analysis includes two methods of reclassifying drugs into classes based on their targets to identify the truer set of consistent cell lines, showing an increased correlation between the two pharmacogenomic studies.
Socio-demographic and Clinical Profile of Bangladeshi COVID 19 Patients with their Clinical Outcome in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka
Authors: Jahan Ferdush , Bhuya Md Shahed Kamal , Anwar Bhuya Muhammed Shahed , Gaji Jamal Uddin , Nushrat Rumana , Ali Zulfikar , Sultana Nasrin
Published: September 2021

Background: The novel corona virus (COVID 19) pandemic is a major global health threat of the twenty-first century. Clinical presentation, rapid identification of causes and isolation are vital for containments of rapidly spreading disease. The objective of the study was to report early findings on demographic profile, clinical presentation of the confirmed COVID 19 patients with their clinical outcome.
Methods: This observational study was conducted in Microbiology Department of National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) for the period of October 01, 2020 to November 30, 2020. Total 300 positive COVID 19 patients were included and interviewed. Informed written consent was ensured before participation. After collection, Data were analyzed to show the characteristics of COVID 19 cases and their clinical outcome after treatment.
Results: Among the 300 cases 228 (76%) patients were male and 72 (24%) patients were female. Average age of the patients was 39 years. The most commonly observed symptoms were fever (70%), followed by cough (55%), breathlessness (42%), dysgeusia (38%), anosmia (25%). Respiratory symptom was the dominant feature of clinical presentation. The most prevalent affected age groups were 114 (38%) patients in 41-50 years age, 102 (34%) patients in 31- 40 years age. Among the total cases 255 (85%) patients were Urban residents and 234 (78%) had contact history. Among 300 patients 102 (34%) patients had co-morbidities and presence of co-morbidities (p<0.01) were significantly associated with mortality. The death rate was 2%.
Conclusion: Typical presentations of COVID-19 were fever, cough, breathlessness, dysgeusia and anosmia. Requirement of ICU was 6% and overall mortality was 2% which was associated with comorbidities.
Cardiovasc j 2021; 14(1): 50-54
Vascular Duplex Study: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Muhammad Bashar Abul Hasan
Published: September 2021

Ultrasound is a key investigating tool aiding diagnosis and treatment in the day-to-day medical practice nowadays. Like any other invention, ultrasound technology also has a long history strewn with successes and setbacks. From its modest beginning, it has come a long way to be applied not only in medical science but also in many other areas including navigation and warfare. Scientistsengineers, physicists, mathematicians, biomedical engineers and physicians worked relentlessly over centuries to bring about developments in the field of ultrasound technology as a whole. Medical ultrasound has a relatively recent history that has seen great dedication and commitment from researchers to achieve the degree of finesse we see today. The present article looks back on the historical aspects of ultrasound technology with a focus on medical ultrasound.
Cardiovasc j 2021; 14(1): 55-60
Learning Nursing Ethics - Experience of Students of Dhaka Nursing College, Bangladesh
Authors: ASM Nurunnabi
Published: September 2021

Nursing ethics is taught in the subject 'Fundamentals of Nursing' in BSc Nursing curriculum in Bangladesh. The present study aims to examine nurse students' opinion regarding their learning nursing ethics. A total of 183 nursing students of Dhaka Nursing College, Bangladesh, from 1st year and 2nd year of BSc in Nursing course participated in this study, which was done between July and September, 2011. A semi-structured questionnaire was given to them. Besides mentioning their age, sex, socio-economic status, the students were asked to provide information about their acquisition and application of knowledge on codes of ethics and an evaluation on faculties (23 items). Most of the students were from low socio-economic condition (n=157, 85.79%). Nursing students perceived that their educators' teaching of the statements of the codes was fairly extensive (ranged from 3.32±0.365 to 3.59±0.923). The highest scores dealt with the nurse-patient relationship, and the mission of nurses. Single items with highest scores highlighted confidentiality, alleviation of suffering, impartiality, support to patients and patients' family members, personal responsibility of her/his work and the quality of care as well as respect to human dignity and autonomy. The least taught statements concerned nurses and society and nursing as a profession. Single items with lowest scores dealt with nurses' professional competence, nurses' participation in discussion and decision-making. Students regarded their own knowledge of the code of ethics (3.45±0.585) and their skills to apply in practice (3.51±0.573) as average. Two-thirds of students (n=122; 66.67%) assessed their educators' knowledge as fully or almost adequate to teach, 15.85% (n=29) of the students assessed the knowledge as less adequate, and 17.48% (n=32) could not assess it. Studying nursing students' opinions on learning nursing ethics would be a useful guide for the formation of their professional role as well as their education and training.

CBMJ 2019 January: vol. 08 no. 01 P: 30-34
Rutting Performance of Hot Mix Asphalt Using Bagasse Ash as Filler
Authors: Khan Naveed
Published: September 2021

Transportation plays an important role in the development of a country. Due to the increase in the population, the demand for good transportation and passengers increased. For this purpose, new highways are built up every year. The demand for material for the construction is increasing and the researchers are in the race to find out materials which not only used as a replacer but also increase the strength parameters and decrease destresses in Hot Mix Asphalt pavement. In the present study Sugarcane, Bagasse Ash which is an agricultural waste was used as a filler material. At Optimum Binder Content 4.55 maximum stability of 7.03 KN was achieved while for the samples having stone dust as a filler material give maximum stability at 4.33 percent of 7.37 KN. Bagasse ash used as a filler in Wheel tracker test has given the best result at temperature 300C and the average rut depth was recorded as 2.065mm while stone dust samples showed average rut depth 2.235mm at 30 0Cand the number of passes was recorded as 14000. On the other hand, the samples which are subjected to a temperature of 600C BA samples showed greater rut of the average value of 6.81mm whereas the average value of stone dust samples showed 6.615mm rut depth. From the above results, the author concluded that bagasse is the best modifier material for the areas having low temperature such as 30 0C or below.
Blood pressure measurements and hypertension in infants, children, and adolescents: from the postmercury to mobile devices
Authors: Lim Seon Hee , Kim Seong Heon
Published: September 2021

A mercury sphygmomanometer (MS) has been the gold standard for pediatric blood pressure (BP) measurements, and diagnosing hypertension is critical. However, because of environmental issues, other alternatives are needed. Noninvasive BP measurement devices are largely divided into auscultatory and oscillometric types. The aneroid sphygmomanometer, the currently used auscultatory method, is inferior to MS in terms of limitations such as validation and regular calibration and difficult to apply to infants, in whom Korotkoff sounds are not audible. The oscillometric method uses an automatic device that eliminates errors caused by human observers and has the advantage of being easy to use; however, owing to its measurement accuracy issues, the development of an international validation protocol for children is important. The hybrid method, which combines the auscultatory and electronic methods, solves some of these problems by eliminating the observer bias of terminal digit preference while maintaining measurement accuracy; however, the auscultatory method remains limited. As the age-related characteristics of the pediatric group are heterogeneous, it is necessary to reconsider the appropriate BP measurement method suitable for this indication. In addition, the mobile application-based BP measurement market is growing rapidly with the development of smartphone applications. Although more research is still needed on their accuracy, many experts expect that mobile application-based BP measurement will effectively reduce medical costs due to increased ease of access and early BP management.
Resilience among nurses working in paediatric wards in Brunei Darussalam: A qualitative study
Authors: Ramli Nur Raihan , Hj Mohd Noor Hjh Siti Nor'ainah , Zolkefli Yusrita
Published: September 2021

Background: Resilience has become highly relevant for nurses working to avoid the negative impact of stress and maximise the positive benefits.
Objective: This study aimed to explore and describe experiences of resilience among nurses when they first started working in paediatric wards.
Methods: A qualitative, interpretive descriptive approach was used to guide the study. Purposive sampling was employed to recruit 8 participants, which proved sufficient to achieve theoretical saturation. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted in 2020 and audio recorded. An inductive analytic approach was utilised.
Results: Three overarching themes arose from the analysis: (1) The transition period (2) Gaining the trust of others (3) Having a positive mindset.
Conclusion: This study found that nurses used multiple strategies of resilience in order to cope with workplace stress when they first began the transition period. However, as they become familiar with the workplace and gain the trust of others, this factor enables nurses to have a positive outlook toward job setbacks.
Anthropogenic Impact on Nature in the Plains Along the Aras in the Nakhchivan
Authors: Seiidova E.
Published: September 2021

The article examines the changes that have taken place in the Nakhchivan by characterizing the anthropogenic factors affecting the natural landscape structures. In recent years, the anthropogenic dynamics of natural landscapes have accelerated by rapid population growth and the expansion of private farms. Also, the concept of nature protection and its efficient use makes the concept of landscape development (evolution) even more relevant. Anthropogenic, especially technogenic impacts on nature are manifested in both positive and negative forms in the longitudinal zone covering 32.9% of the territory of the Autonomous Republic. According to the dynamics of anthropogenic landscapes in the area can be classified as weakly altered, disturbed or strongly altered and special cultural landscapes. We have also explored cultural landscapes as follows: 1. For high productivity and economic income; 2. According to human health and the optimality of the ecological environment; The first group includes areas covering the main agricultural crops of the Autonomous Republic, and the second group includes green areas, parks, recreation areas and infrastructure serving the health of the population etc. that have been expanding in recent years. The article also discusses environmental problems in the field of anthropogenic complexes, reproductive modifications and their solutions. In the end, the causes of anthropogenization, the problems encountered the analysis of them in accordance with the physical and geographical conditions, the ways to solve them on a scientific basis, a number of recommendations and suggestions were made.
Study of Cold Air Treatment in a Poultry House in the Conditions of Azerbaijan
Authors: Gajiyev R.
Published: September 2021

Broiler farming at industrial poultry enterprises is carried out in conditions of intensive technology. One of the most important technological aspects is the creation and maintenance of regulatory parameters of the microclimate in the production room, that is, comfortable conditions for poultry at the level of livestock placement. Ensuring an optimal microclimate is achieved through a complex of supply and exhaust ventilation equipment and auxiliary systems. It is important to determine the level of influence of the microclimate in the formation of viability and productivity of broilers in the industrial cultivation technologies; features of the formation of microclimatic zonality in poultry houses, which indirectly determines the uniformity of the poultry herd, and to outline ways to improve the microclimate. The use of water evaporators in the field of cold air treatment has shown that structures with freely assembled material cannot simultaneously fully, evenly and efficiently copy the treated air. All this creates the need for mathematical modeling of the process of mass transfer of heat going in the channels of evaporation tubes provided for by the improved scheme.
Substantiation of a Promising Design and Technological Scheme of a Multicomponent Dispenser-Mixer
Authors: Seidova I.
Published: September 2021

Currently, one of the main tasks facing animal husbandry is to ensure the conservation of land to provide the population with high-quality livestock products, as well as to increase the productivity and productivity of each livestock. The correct implementation of this task primarily depends on the creation of a solid feed base. This, in turn, is possible due to the improvement and introduction of feed production technologies that do not depend on natural conditions. The technology of mixed feed production is a set of operations (grinding, dosing, mixing, etc.) performed in a certain sequence. As a result of these operations, feed is obtained from the raw materials (grain components, mineral additives, vitamins, salts, etc.) with the parameters specified in accordance with its recipe. The creation of a multicomponent dispenser-mixer capable of preparing grain mixtures in a continuous flow with high uniformity of dosing and mixing requires research and development work and is caused by the need of agricultural enterprises for such dispensers-mixers. In the technological line under study, the feed components are alternately crushed and loaded into the mixing unit. The processing line is equipped with an electronic weighing system that allows you to accurately dose the components of compound feeds and accumulate data on grain consumption. The raw materials for the preparation of compound feeds are cereals, as well as protein and vitamin supplements. The system of feeding protein and vitamin supplements is carried out by an auger, which ensures their supply to the mixing zone even with their minimum amount. The fineness of the grinding is regulated by replacing the sieve in the crusher.
Brain Homo sapiens XXI Century: Neurophysiological, Neuroeconomic and Neurosocial Decision-making Mechanisms
Authors: Romanchuk N.
Published: September 2021

Systemic neurocognitive and neuroeconomic decision-making is becoming one of the greatest quality life problems of Homo sapiens in the 21st century. Human decision-making at neurocognitive, neurosocial and neuroeconomic levels has been investigated. Neuroplasticity management methods allow timely prevention of factors that reduce neuroplasticity, preserve factors of positive influence on neuroplasticity, and most importantly, timely use of combined methods of preserving and developing neuroplasticity of the human brain in practical healthcare (Romanchuk N. P., Moscow, 2016, Science and Education in the 21st Century). Modern science views man, humanity and the biosphere as a single system, with growing demographic, food and medical problems. The main engine of human longevity is when the microbiological memory of the microbiota remains stable, and the diet of functional (healthy) dietary nutrition and the structure of healthy biomicrobiota function almost unchanged. Healthy biomicrobiota provides stability of functioning and timely reprogramming in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, in the work of bidirectional intestinal-brain connections of the “cognitive and visceral brain”. The role of cortisol, estrogen, testosterone and oxytocin has been established - in age-related changes in brain functions, and in the process of cognitive and socio-emotional aging. Human brains are biological, biophysical, neurophysiological and medico-social paradigms of information exchange. Modern communications are multilevel, multi-paradigm and interdisciplinary models of information exchange. The introduction of copyright developments in the last decade has made it possible to form a system of algorithms and tools for managing neuroplasticity. The new competencies of psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology and psychoneuroimmunology play a strategic role in interdisciplinary science and interdisciplinary planning and decision-making. Qualified mind — creates and improves the cognitive potential of the brain. The “neurointerface stone” of H. sapiens self-esteem for self-actualization and self-realization of personality is self-discovery, self-development, self-control, self-realization. Brain H. sapiens working in the mode of genius (talent, creativity) requires the creation and maintenance of modern neurocommunications between the new cortex and the hippocampus (memory library, memory winchester), the formation of new structural-functional neurocommunications in brain H. sapiens that occur continuously throughout life from birth to super-longevity and have creative advantages in the era of modern neuroscience and neuromarketing.
Clinical-pathological Changes in Reproductive Age Women With Autoimmune Thyroiditis
Authors: Mazhitova N. , Kalmatov R. , Abdykaimova G. , Abdullaeva Zh.
Published: September 2021

Research relevance: Autoimmune pathology of the thyroid gland is one of the urgent problems of modern endocrinology, and this is due to the lack of clarity of pathogenetic mechanisms and the lack of objective and reliable diagnostic methods, including immunological. The mechanisms of autoimmune thyroid diseases have not yet been fully elucidated, although about a hundred years have passed since the first description of autoimmune thyroiditis. According to world statistics, thyroid disease occurs in almost 30% of the world’s population. According to the latest data, in Kyrgyzstan, they are found in 10–30 percent of the population. Objectives of the study: Clinical and pathological substantiation of ways to optimize the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis in residents of the southern region of the Kyrgyz Republic. Research methods: clinical and immunological (determination of the titer of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (AT TPO); cytokines); static method; laboratory (content of free thyroxine (T4); thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); free triiodothyronine (T3); hematological, biochemical blood test; ultrasound of the thyroid gland. Conclusions: Lack of iodine causes irreparable harm to absolutely every person: child and adult, men and women. Iodine deficiency is most common in women who are in late pregnancy.
Important Aspects in Assessing the Personal Qualities of Management Personnel
Authors: Fozilov U.
Published: September 2021

Each leader is a unique individual with unique management skills. In most cases, there is a view that the organization is a projection of the personality of the leader. Human nature is inherently complex. It is therefore not always appropriate to associate the leadership qualities of a leader with a style of leadership in exactly the same authoritarian, democratic or liberal form. In many cases, however, there are leaders in this balance. A leader - as a manager in the organization — must have the ability, talent and, of course, the psychological will to be able to react differently to different situations in the management process. Therefore, when appointing staff to management positions or analyzing the activities of management staff, there is a need to assess their personal qualities. Through such an assessment, it is possible to make decisions about the formation of the moral image of the leader in management, as well as the development of his personal qualities. Because for a person to have good professional qualities, his personal qualities must be good. The article argues that the role of the leader in the evaluation of management performance is important in the study, analysis and, if necessary, the development of conclusions. Several respondents participated in the analyses studied. The answers to the questions asked in the specially designed questionnaire were shaped by the questionnaires in them.
Features Applications Visual Teaching Facilities in Biology Class
Authors: Leonteva I.
Published: September 2021

In the process of teaching biology, the use of visual teaching aids plays an important role. Along with the content, form and various teaching methods, visual aids are an integral part of the educational process at school. The article discusses the features of using visual teaching aids as one of the ways to increase the interest of schoolchildren in the Biology subject. The results of experimental work carried out in one of the secondary schools in the city of Elabuga of the Republic of Tatarstan are presented. Based on the results of the work, appropriate conclusions were drawn about the effectiveness of the use of visualization tools in the educational process.
Communicative Tasks in the Russian Language Classes at a Technical University
Authors: Khasanov N.
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the methods of forming the communicative competence of students in the preparation of highly qualified specialists. According to the author, modeling of potentially possible working situations plays a special role in this. The author examines teaching methods and ways of developing students’ oral speech by practicing lexical and grammatical models on the basis of thematic texts. The proposed types of assignments, to some extent, will help students transform the text, shorten it, select the main thing in it, and then reproduce it sequentially. The author proposed the development of communicative-situational tasks for teaching the professional Russian language to students in the direction of training 750500 “Construction”, profile “Production of building materials, products and structures” (PSK).
Motivation for Learning Activities of Students of Technical Universities in the Classes of the Russian Language
Authors: Khasanov N.
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the formation of educational motivation in the classroom of the Russian language in a technical university. An interpretation of the internal and external motivation of students in the classroom is given. The relevance of the proposed article lies in the fact that it presents an analysis of the survey conducted among four institutes of the university and presents the survey questions among students. The purpose of the article is to develop positive motivation for learning the Russian language using a competency-based approach to teaching. Materials and methods: integration, competence-based approaches, the method of comparative analysis were used. The results of the survey show that the self-sufficiency of the competence-based approach, its focus on results, while creating all the necessary conditions, contribute to the formation of long-term motivation and productive mastering of the Russian language.
Creditor Protection in Succession Law: a Comparative Analysis
Authors: Fernández Juan Pablo Murga
Published: September 2021

The transfer of the deceased's debts is a common consequence that arises from the phenomenon of succession in both civil and common law legal systems. In this respect, a number of conflicting interests are at stake: namely, the interest of the beneficiaries that need to be balanced against the interests of the different groups of creditors (the ones of the estate and those of the beneficiaries). Common law legal systems are generally considered as the most creditor friendly, for beneficiaries only receive the residue once the estate is fully wound up. By contrast, civil law legal systems are characterised by the dogma of fusion of patrimonies, where the estate is fused with the beneficiary's patrimony. Taking these aspects into account, the article analyses how creditors’ interests are protected in the most representative European succession laws, with a view to identifying the merits and shortcomings of each of these models.
‘Armailt làidir de mhilìsidh’: Hanoverian Gaels and the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745
Authors: Dziennik Matthew
Published: September 2021

In 1745–6, thousands of troops were raised in the Highlands and Islands in support of the house of Hanover. Often neglected due to the intense focus on Highland Jacobitism, these Gaels were instrumental in the defeat of the Jacobites. The study of pro-Hanoverian forces in the Gàidhealtachd tells us much not only about the military history of the 1745 rebellion but also about the nature of the whig regime in Scotland. In contrast to the ideological frameworks increasingly used to make sense of the Jacobite period, this article argues that pragmatic negotiations between the central government and the whig clans helped mobilise and empower regional responses to the rebellion. Exploiting the government's need for Gaelic allies in late 1745, Highland leaders, officers, and enlisted men used military service to shore up a nexus of political, financial and security imperatives. By examining the recruitment and service of anti-Jacobite Gaels, this article shows that—even in the epicentre of the rebellion—the Hanoverian state possessed important structural strengths that enabled it to confront the threat of armed insurrection. In so doing, the article reveals the political and fiscal-military networks that sustained whig control in Scotland.
Achillea goniocephala Extract Loaded into Nanochitosan: In Vitro Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: TAŞKIN Duygu , DOĞAN Murat , ERMANOĞLU Mizgin , ARABACİ Turan
Published: September 2021

The present study aimed to prepare A. goniocephala chloroform extract and evaluate antioxidant and cytotoxic effects. Then, the nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized on the most efficient extracts and the biological activities of the free forms of the extracts were compared with the NPs forms. Antioxidant capacities of 14 extracts by column chromatography were found by FRAP, DPPH and CUPRAC methods. Again, the cytotoxic activities of all fractions were evaluated on MCF-7 and HT-29 cell lines using the XTT cell viability assay. Chitosan-tripolyphosphate (TPP) NPs were formed using the ionic gelation method of H and F extracts, which show the most active properties because of biological activities. The biological activities of the characterized NPs were also evaluated. The synthesized particle size of the NPs from two extracts obtained between 274.12 and 296.25 nm. The extract-encapsulation and loading-efficiency of the most active NPs were 77.6± 0.04% and 7.76± 0.01% for F extract and 10.2± 0.02% and 1.39± 0.07% for H extract, respectively. Anticancer activity of chitosan NPs gave better results compared to unencapsulated extracts. As a result, it was found that the A. goniocephala extract can be encapsulated in chitosan NPs and has an antioxidant and more anticancer effect than the free forms.
Does Malachi 1:2-3 Teach Double Predestination?
Authors: Chia Philip Suciadi , Juanda Juanda
Published: September 2021

The term ‘double predestination’ simply means that, just as God predestines some, but not all, to eternal salvation, so he predestines others to eternal punishment; this second part of  ‘double predestination’, God's appointment of all but the elect unto eternal destruction, is sometimes called ‘reprobation’; and those who are not the elect are thus called the ‘reprobate’.The object of Malachi was in reminding the Jews that they were loved and chosen by God; it was, that he might the more amplify their ingratitude for having rendered such an unworthy reward for so great a favor of God: as he had preferred them to all other nations, he had justly bound them to perpetual obedience

With the inductive method, we will present a more objective truth of Scripture. We will not only explain the truth of the Bible would conclude (correct interpretation), but also accompanied by the evidence and arguments of the conclusions.

In conclusion, the meaning of hate in this context is God hated Esau, the absence of affection, because he is a sinful people therefore Yahweh opposed and kept distant from him (have no relationship). Based on this meaning, we can summarize that this verse (Mal. 1:3) doesn’t teach about reprobation that God has predestined Esau to go to eternal destruction because Yahweh hated him beforehand but Lord indeed hated Edomites because they are sinful people.
Step by Step Construction of Multifunctional Hollow Double Shell MNPs@MOF as a Powerful Tandem/Cascade Catalyst
Authors: Shi Shunli , Yu Ying , Zhang Bingzhen , Zhong Yicheng , Wang Lei , Wang Shuhua , Ding Shunmin , Chen Chao
Published: September 2021

The development of efficient heterogeneous catalysts for one-pot tandem/cascade synthesis of imines remains meaningful and challenging. Herein, we constructed an Au/MOF catalyst featured hollow and double MOF shell nanostructure. Owing to its structural merits and acid-basic nature, the as-synthesized Void|(Au)ZIF-8|ZIF-8 catalyst exhibited an enhanced synergistically catalytic performance for tandem catalytic synthesis of imines from benzyl alcohol and aniline under air atmosphere and solvent-free condition. Its 170.16 h−1 of turnover frequency (TOF) was 2.5 times higher than that of the reported catalyst with the highest TOF value.
EVALI Vaping Liquids Part 1: GC-MS Cannabinoids Profiles and Identification of Unnatural THC Isomers
Authors: Ciolino Laura A. , Ranieri Tracy L. , Brueggemeyer Jana L. , Taylor Allison M. , Mohrhaus Angela S.
Published: September 2021

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-containing products played a major role in the 2019 US nationwide outbreak of pulmonary lung illness associated with e-cigarettes or vaping liquids (EVALI). Due to the severity of the illness which resulted in 68 deaths, a comprehensive identification of the components in the vaping liquids was required. Our laboratory received over 1000 vaping liquid products for analysis including hundreds of vaping products from EVALI patients. In this work, we present the results for the GC-MS identification of the cannabinoids from a large subset of ca. 300 Cannabis-based vaping liquids, with emphasis on the identification of a series of unnatural THC isomers. GC-MS analysis was conducted using a validated, published method in which the cannabinoids were identified as the trimethylsilyl derivatives after separation on a commercial 35% silphenylene phase. Δ9- Tetrahydrocannabinol is the naturally occurring THC isomer found in the Cannabis plant, and was found in the majority of the vaping liquids. However, we also identified the presence of one or more additional THC isomers in many of the vaping liquids including Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol, Δ6a,10a–tetrahydrocannabinol, Δ10-tetrahydrocannabinol, and exo-tetrahydrocannabinol. Significant or major amounts of unnatural THC isomers were found in over 10% of the THC vaping liquids, with lesser amounts found in another 60% of the vaping liquids. Exposure of the Cannabis source materials (such as marijuana concentrates or converted hemp materials) to chemical and thermal treatments during manufacturing, is proposed as the primary cause for the THC isomerizations.
Acetylated Thioredoxin Reductase 1 Resists Oxidative Inactivation
Authors: Wright David. E. , Panaseiko Nikolaus , O’Donoghue Patrick
Published: September 2021

Thioredoxin Reductase 1 (TrxR1) is an enzyme that protects human cells against reactive oxygen species generated during oxidative stress or in response to chemotherapies. Acetylation of TrxR1 is associated with oxidative stress, but the function of TrxR1 acetylation in oxidizing conditions is unknown. Using genetic code expansion, we produced recombinant and site-specifically acetylated variants of TrxR1 that also contain the non-canonical amino acid, selenocysteine, which is essential for TrxR1 activity. We previously showed site-specific acetylation at three different lysine residues increases TrxR1 activity by reducing the levels of linked dimers and low activity TrxR1 tetramers. Here we use enzymological studies to show that acetylated TrxR1 is resistant to both oxidative inactivation and peroxide-induced multimer formation. To compare the effect of programmed acetylation at specific lysine residues to non-specific acetylation, we produced acetylated TrxR1 using aspirin as a model non-enzymatic acetyl donor. Mass spectrometry confirmed aspirin-induced acetylation at multiple lysine residues in TrxR1. In contrast to unmodified TrxR1, the non-specifically acetylated enzyme showed no loss of activity under increasing and strongly oxidating conditions. Our data suggest that both site-specific and general acetylation of TrxR1 regulate the enzyme’s ability to resist oxidative damage.
Characterization of the Oral and Esophageal Microbiota in Esophageal Precancerous Lesions and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Li Zhengqi , Dou Lizhou , Zhang Yueming , He Shun , Zhao Deli , Hao Changqing , Song Guohui , Zhang Wei , Liu Yong , Wang Guiqi
Published: September 2021

Important evidence indicates that the microbiota plays a key role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Here, paired saliva and brush specimens were obtained from 276 participants undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination before or during screening for upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer. The esophageal microbiota was investigated by 16S rRNA gene profiling and next-generation sequencing. We observed that as the disease progressed, the α diversity in the saliva and cell brush samples decreased. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) results showed that in both the saliva and cell brush specimens, Granulicatella, Rothia, Streptococcus, Gemella, Leptotrichia and Schaalia were common biomarkers in patients with low-grade dysplasia, Lactobacillus was a common biomarker in patients with high-grade dysplasia, and Bosea, Solobacterium, Gemella, and Peptostreptococcus were common biomarkers in patients with esophageal cancer. The top 3 genera in the saliva and cell brush specimens had areas under the curve (AUCs) of 87.16 and 89.13%, respectively, to distinguish ESCC patients from normal people. The PICRUSt2 results identified in brush samples that patients with ESCC had decreased nitrate reductase functions. Our results suggest that future studies can focus on the function of the characteristic bacteria in ESCC.
Analytical Evaluation of Dried Blood Spot and Rapid Diagnostic Test as a New Strategy for Serological Community Screening for Chronic Chagas Disease
Authors: Silgado Aroa , Gual-Gonzalez Lídia , Sánchez-Montalvá Adrián , Oliveira-Souto Inés , Goterris Lidia , Serre-Delcor Nuria , Esperalba Juliana , Gomez-i-Prat Jordi , Fernández-Naval Candela , Molina Israel , Pumarola Tomas , Sulleiro Elena
Published: September 2021

Background

Chagas disease is a public health problem not only in Latin America, but also in other regions, including Spain, due to migration movements. Conventional serological diagnosis requires an invasive sample (plasma or serum) and a well-equipped laboratory. To circumvent those limitations, blood samples dried on filter paper (DBS) or Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) could be a practical alternative to reference protocol for serological screening in epidemiological studies. We evaluated the usefulness of dried blood sampling and a rapid diagnostic test (Trypanosoma Detect™) for the detection of antibodies against T. cruzi for their use in community-based screening.

Methodology/Principal Findings

A total of 162 stored paired whole-blood and serum samples from Latin American migrants and 25 negative-control blood samples were included. Diagnosis of chronic Chagas disease was performed in serum according to WHO algorithms. Blood samples were retrospectively collected as dried spots and then analyzed using two different serological techniques, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (E-CLIA). Whole-blood samples were also used to evaluate a rapid diagnostic test based on immunochromatography. A better correlation with conventional serum was observed in dried blood elutes using E-CLIA than ELISA (97% vs. 77% sensitivity, respectively). Both assays reported 100% specificity. The median cut-off index values of E-CLIA for dried blood were significantly lower than those for serum (138.1 vs. 243.3, P<0.05). The Trypanosoma Detect™ test presented a sensitivity and specificity of 89.6% and 100%, respectively.

Conclusions

The detection of antibodies against T. cruzi in dried blood samples shows a higher sensitivity when using E-CLIA compared with ELISA. Trypanosoma Detect™ is easier to use but has a lower sensitivity. Hence, we propose a sequential strategy based on performing the rapid test first, and a negative result will be confirmed by DBS-ECLIA for use in community Chagas disease screening programs.
The Centenary of the Discovery of Insulin: An Update on the Quest for Oral Delivery
Authors: Brayden David J.
Published: September 2021

Not many topics in drug delivery science have exercised so many pharmaceutical, formulation, and bioengineering minds than the oral delivery of macromolecules, especially when insulin is the focus. The year 2021 marks a hundred years since the discovery of insulin by Banting and Best to treat Type 1 diabetes. Repeated efforts to deliver it orally since then have met with failure, with particular disappointment resulting from encouraging preclinical studies in the 1980s. Here, the barriers to synthesizing successful oral inulin formulations are discussed. It is apparent that this peptide has chemistry and pharmacology features that make its oral delivery one of the toughest challenges in delivery science. At this seminal point in its history, the question is whether oral delivery of insulin will ever be possible, or even if this quest is still desirable?
Earthquake Dynamic Failure Mechanism of Dangerous Rock Based on Dynamics and PFC3D
Authors: Tian Yun , Wu Yong , Li Hongtao , Ren Bangzheng , Wang Hao
Published: September 2021

The dynamic failure mechanism of horizontally layered dangerous rock during earthquakes is complex and only few studies have addressed the combination of particle flow code (PFC) meso-level failure mechanism and mechanical analysis. Based on fracture mechanics and material mechanics we establish a calculation method for the interlayer load and stability coefficient of horizontal layered dangerous rock during strong earthquakes. The method was applied for calculating the stability of a horizontally layered dangerous slope along a highway in the Sichuan Province (China) during earthquakes as a case study. Using a 3D particle flow simulation technology, a PFC3D model of horizontal layered dangerous rock was established. Its dynamic stability, failure mode and Hilbert-Huang 3D time-frequency characteristics are analyzed, and the results of the simulation are largely consistent with the time of the dangerous rock failure as estimated by our new calculation method. Our study documents that as the seismic acceleration gradually increases, the stability coefficient of the rock block fluctuates more violently and the stability coefficient gradually decreases. The stability coefficient of the rock block decreases fastest between 5 and 6 s and the reduction in the stability coefficient is between 0.12 and 0.25. Before the seismic acceleration reaches the maximum, the dangerous rock blocks on the two main controlling structures collapse and get destroyed. 25 s after the earthquake, the failure mode of the dangerous rock is collapse-slip-rotation. We show that earthquakes with frequencies of 0–10 and 250 Hz have the strongest destructive effect on the stability of the horizontally layered dangerous rocks.
Determining the Geotechnical Slope Failure Factors via Ensemble and Individual Machine Learning Techniques: A Case Study in Mandi, India
Authors: Mali Naresh , Dutt Varun , Uday K. V.
Published: September 2021

Landslide disaster risk reduction necessitates the investigation of different geotechnical causal factors for slope failures. Machine learning (ML) techniques have been proposed to study causal factors across many application areas. However, the development of ensemble ML techniques for identifying the geotechnical causal factors for slope failures and their subsequent prediction has lacked in literature. The primary goal of this research is to develop and evaluate novel feature selection methods for identifying causal factors for slope failures and assess the potential of ensemble and individual ML techniques for slope failure prediction. Twenty-one geotechnical causal factors were obtained from 60 sites (both landslide and non-landslide) spread across a landslide-prone area in Mandi, India. Relevant causal factors were evaluated by developing a novel ensemble feature selection method that involved an average of different individual feature selection methods like correlation, information-gain, gain-ratio, OneR, and F-ratio. Furthermore, different ensemble ML techniques (Random Forest (RF), AdaBoost (AB), Bagging, Stacking, and Voting) and individual ML techniques (Bayesian network (BN), decision tree (DT), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and support vector machine (SVM)) were calibrated to 70% of the locations and tested on 30% of the sites. The ensemble feature selection method yielded six major contributing parameters to slope failures: relative compaction, porosity, saturated permeability, slope angle, angle of the internal friction, and in-situ moisture content. Furthermore, the ensemble RF and AB techniques performed the best compared to other ensemble and individual ML techniques on test data. The present study discusses the implications of different causal factors for slope failure prediction.
Geochemistry and Petrography of the Sediments From the Marginal Areas of Qinghai Lake, Northern Tibet Plateau, China: Implications for Weathering and Provenance
Authors: Tao Huifei , Hao Lewei , Li Shutong , Wu Tao , Qin Zhen , Qiu Junli
Published: September 2021

The provenance study of the sediments from Qinghai Lake is of great significance for the understanding of geological and climatic evolution processes of the Tibet Plateau on the one hand and for evaluating the controlling factors of the sediment components on the other hand. The samples were collected from five rivers, foreshore, beach, beach bar, and aeolian sand dune in the Qinghai Lake. The bulk geochemical composition, petrography, and mineralogy features of the samples are analyzed. The results show that: 1) Qinghai Lake sediments experienced low-intensity chemical weathering from the source areas to the deposition sites and were affected by some recycled detrital materials and 2) the source rocks for the sediments include felsic rocks (granite, granodiorite, and felsic volcanic rocks), carbonate, metamorphic rocks (marble and meta-volcanic rocks), and clastic rocks with the felsic source rocks to have the most important impact on the chemical compositions of the sediments. The geochemical indicator of Al2O3/TiO2 reflects that the provenance of fine-grained sediments from the center of Qinghai Lake is more mafic than the coarse-grained sediments from the margin of the Qinghai Lake, suggesting that the hydraulic sorting of grain size probably plays an important role in the geochemical compositions of the sediments. The mafic elements were probably preferentially enriched in muds.