bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Price Transmission and Exchange Rate Elasticities of Three Developing Countries on the World Cotton Trade
Authors: Ozturk Ozcan
Published: December 2017

This paper examines (i) whether the government interventions in the forms of border protection and as price support have weakened the integrations of domestic cotton markets of China, Brazil and Turkey with the world cotton market and (ii) how a weak cointegration of a domestic market with international market affects the world cotton trade. We address the first question by estimating price and exchange rates transmission elasticities using an error correction model and the second question by conducting a partial equilibrium model. Results indicate that the estimated elasticities are significantly smaller than unitary, which suggests that the cointegration is weak and the law of one price (LOP) does not hold. Furthermore, when cointegration is weak, exchange rate movements have lower impact on exports, imports and prices than they do in the case of strong cointegration.
Investigation of Meaning of Leisure Activities and the Satisfaction with Life of Students in the Faculty of Sport Sciences: An Example of Akdeniz University
Authors: Uğurlu Alkan , Erman K. Alparslan , Turan Emine Bal , Öksüz Tolga , Güngör Abdullah
Published: December 2017

Aim: It is known that recreational activities have positive effects on people's emotions, thoughts, morale and many other issues. The aim of this study was to measure students’ participation in recreational activities, life satisfaction and the meaning of leisure activities to the students in the Faculty of Sport Sciences at Akdeniz University.Method: A total of 252 students (60.3% male, 39.7% female) participated in the study. As data collection instruments, Turkish version (Köker, 1991) of Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS), which was developed by Diener et al. (1985), and Turkish version (Gürbüz et al., 2007) of Leisure Meanings Inventory (LMI) (Esteve et al., 1999) were used. SPSS Package program was used in the study. ANOVA was used in the data analysis.Findings: According to the findings of Leisure Meanings Inventory by classes, there was a statistically significant difference (p <0.005) among the groups. . This difference appears to be between sophomores and juniors when examined on a class-by-class basis. According to the findings of Leisure Meanings Inventory with regard to departments, it was noted that there was very little difference between them, although there was a difference in the averages. This difference was not statistically significant though. There was no statistically significant difference between groups regarding class and department variables according to the findings of Life Satisfaction Scale.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference between sophomores and juniors while there was no significant difference between freshmen and seniors according to the LMI averages. There was no significant difference between the mean scores of LSS among the classes.
The Effect of the Tuning System and Instrument Variables on Modal Dictation Performance
Authors: Demirbatır Rasim Erol , Çeliktaş Hatice , Engür Doruk
Published: December 2017

Ear training and musical literacy (ETML) education is one of the main dimensions of the bachelor degree program of music teacher education departments, which provides professional music education. In ETML education, hearing, sight-reading and dictation studies for Turkish music makams have an important place. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of different instrument sources and tuning systems; namely, equal tempered or traditionally tempered, on the modal dictation performances of students in dictation exercises in the scope of ETML education. This research was conducted with 56 bachelor degree music education students who were taking ETML course. While equal tempered and traditional instruments (piano and kanun) were used as the sound source in the research, examples of equal difficulty level in Huseyni makam scale, which is one of the main makams of Turkish music, were used as dictation material. Both instruments were tuned in accordance with both the equal temperament and the traditional makam system so that four different dictation types were created. As a result of the research, it has been determined that the students are more successful when piano is used in dictation than kanun-dictated trials and in terms of tuning system, the students are found to be more successful with equal tempered system when compared with traditional tuning system. The instrument and tuning interaction was not statistically significant.
Discussion: “Mixed Convection Falkner-Skan Flow of a Maxwell Fluid (Hayat, T., Farooq, M., Iqbal, Z., and Alsaedi, A., ASME J. Heat Transfer, 2012, 134(11), p. 114504)”
Authors: Pantokratoras Asterios
Published: December 2017

This discussion concerns some doubtful results included in this paper.
A Detailed Study of the Interaction Between Two Rows of Cooling Holes
Authors: Jiang Y. , Capone L. , Ireland P. , Romero E.
Published: December 2017

An optimal design of film cooling is a key factor in the effort of producing high-efficiency gas turbine. Understanding of the fluid dynamics interaction between cooling holes can help engineers to improve overall thermal effectiveness. Correct prediction through modeling is a very complex problem since multiple phenomena are involved such as mixing, turbulence, and heat transfer. The present work performs an investigation of different cooling configurations ranging from single hole up to two rows. The main objective is to evaluate the double-rows interaction and the effect on film cooling. Strong nonlinear effects are underlined by different simulations, while varying blowing ratio (BR) and geometrical configuration of cooling holes. Meanwhile an initial analysis is performed using flat plate geometry, verification and validation is then extended to realistic stage of high pressure (HP) turbine. Multiple cooling holes configurations are embedded on the pressure side (PS) and suction side (SS) of the single stage. The main outcome is the verification of the thermal effectiveness improvement obtained by cooling jets interaction of multiple rows design. The effects of curvature surface and frame of reference rotation are also evaluated, underlying the differences with standard flat plate test cases.
The Impact of Realistic Casing Geometries and Clearances on Fan Blade Tip Aerodynamics
Authors: John Alistair , Qin Ning , Shahpar Shahrokh
Published: December 2017

During engine operation, fan casing abradable liners are worn by the blade tip, resulting in the formation of trenches. This paper describes the influence of these trenches on the fan blade tip aerodynamics. A detailed understanding of the fan tip flow features for cropped and trenched clearances is first developed. A parametric model is then used to model trenches in the casing above the blade tip and varying blade tip positions. It is shown that increasing clearance via a trench reduces performance by less than increasing clearance through cropping the blade tip. A response surface method is then used to generate a model that can predict fan efficiency for a given set of clearance and trench parameters. This model can be used to influence fan blade design and understand engine performance degradation in service. It is shown that an efficiency benefit can be achieved by increasing the amount of tip rubbing, leading to a greater portion of the tip clearance sat within the trench. It is shown that the efficiency sensitivity to clearance is biased toward the leading edge (LE) for cropped tips and the trailing edge (TE) for trenches.
On the Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelets on Water–Graphene Nanofluid Thermal Conductivity, Viscosity, and Heat Transfer Under Laminar External Flow Conditions
Authors: Bahaya B. , Johnson D. W. , Yavuzturk C. C.
Published: December 2017

Experiments were conducted with graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) to investigate the relative benefit of the thermal conductivity increase in relationship to the potential detriment of increased viscosity. The maximum enhancement ratio for GNP nanofluid thermal conductivity over water was determined to be 1.43 at a volume fraction of 0.014. Based on GNP aspect ratios, the differential effective medium model is shown to describe the experimental results of this study when using a fitted interfacial resistance value of 6 × 10−8 m2 K W−1. The viscosity model of Einstein provided close agreement between measured and predicted values when the effects of temperature were included and the intrinsic viscosity model term was adjusted to a value of 2151 representative for GNP. Heat transfer in external flows in laminar regime is predicted to decrease for GNP nanofluids when compared to water alone.
A New Method for Online Estimation of the Piston Maximum Temperature in Diesel-Natural Gas Dual Fuel Engine
Authors: Fu Youyao , Xiao Bing , Zhang Chengwei , Liu Jun , Fang Jiangxiong
Published: December 2017

Diesel-natural gas dual fuel engine has gained increasing interesting in recent years because of its excellent power and economy. However, the reliability of the dual fuel engine does not meet the requirements of practical application. The piston maximun temperature (PMT) of the dual fuel engine easily exceeds the security border. In view of this, this paper proposes a method based on the lasso regression to estimate the PMT of the dual fuel engine, so as to real-timely monitor the health state of the dual fuel engine. Specifically, PMTs under some working conditions were offline acquired by the finite element analysis with ANSYS. A model is presented to describe the relationship between the PMT and some indirect engine variables, including NOx emission, excess air coefficient, engine speed, and inlet pressure, and the model parameters are optimized using the lasso regression algorithm, which can be easily implemented by the electronic control unit (ECU). Finally, the model is employed to real-timely estimate the PMT of the dual fuel engine. Experiments reveal that the proposed model produces satisfying predictions with deviations less than 10 °C.
Temperature-dependent growth window of CaTiO3 films grown by hybrid molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Roth Joseph , Arriaga Eddy , Brahlek Matthew , Lapano Jason , Engel-Herbert Roman
Published: December 2017

The authors report the effects of growth temperature on the self-regulated growth window of CaTiO3 thin films grown by hybrid molecular beam epitaxy (hMBE). Films were grown on (001) (La0.3Sr0.7)(Al0.65Ta0.35)O3 at temperatures between 700 and 950 °C. Calcium was supplied by a standard thermal effusion cell, while the metalorganic precursor titanium tetra-isopropoxide (TTIP) was used as the titanium source. The stoichiometric growth conditions were mapped using a combination of x-ray diffraction, reflection high energy electron diffraction, and atomic force microscopy. It is found that the growth window widened and shifted to higher TTIP fluxes with increasing temperature. Further, the shift of the growth window edge to Ti-rich conditions is three times larger than the growth window edge to Ca-rich conditions, which is discussed in general terms of the kinetic processes involved in hMBE.
Elastic feature of cylindrical shells extraction in time-frequency domain using biomimetic dolphin click
Authors: Qiao Gang , Qing Xin , Feng Wen , Liu Songzuo , Nie Donghu , Zhang Yu
Published: December 2017

A dolphin's biosonar may effectively discriminate subtle differences among targets. In order to investigate the possible physical mechanism of target discrimination, in this study, a finite element model excited by a biomimetic click pulse was proposed. The acoustic scattering field and stress distribution of a stainless steel shell were simulated. The biomimetic click experiments were then conducted to verify the theoretical predictions in an anechoic tank. The experimental results showed a good agreement with the model simulations. Furthermore, the elastic time-frequency features of three cylindrical shells with different wall thickness were obtained using a fractional Fourier transform filter to eliminate specular reflection and cross-term interference. To compare discrimination capacity of the time-frequency features with and without the specular reflection, a time-frequency correlator was applied to calculate the correlation coefficient between different shells. The results indicated that the time-frequency features can be represented in high resolution with less cross-term interference, and these features without specular reflection showed a good capacity to discriminate the shells with different wall thickness.
Modal identification of aeroacoustic systems using passive and active approaches
Authors: Karban Ugur , Schram Christophe
Published: December 2017

The noise generated by a ducted diaphragm configuration, taken in this paper as a prototype aeroacoustic system, is investigated experimentally using a two-port source identification method [Lavrentjev, Åbom, and Bodén (1995) J. Sound Vib. 183, 517−531]. The method requires successively the determination of the so-called passive scattering properties of the ducted diaphragm system using loudspeakers, and the extraction of the active noise that would be emitted by the aeroacoustic source itself in an anechoic duct. These steps involve assembling a non-singular acoustic load matrix based on experimental data, and its inversion. This inversion can present numerical robustness issues, especially when higher-order modes are included as in the present study. Another issue is related to the alteration of the duct-termination reflective properties that external loudspeakers modules can cause, yielding a change in duct scattering characteristics for the active and the passive measurements. The present paper revisits established practices in the field and presents an experimental procedure in which the acoustic load matrix is assembled using the aeroacoustic source instead of the loudspeaker excitations. The proposed approach enables improving the conditioning of the load matrix and accurate determination of the duct termination reflectivity. The use of external loudspeakers however, remains necessary for the measurement of the scattering properties of the source itself.
Photoacoustic effect generated by moving optical sources: Motion in three dimensions
Authors: Bai Wenyu , Diebold Gerald J.
Published: December 2017

Although the photoacoustic effect is commonly produced through use of pulsed or amplitude-modulated radiation, it can also be generated by a steady source moving in space. Here, the properties of the photoacoustic effect generated by moving sources in three dimensions are investigated. The mathematics for the moving photoacoustic point source are shown to be closely related to that for derivation of the Lienard–Wiéchert potential for a moving point charge. The cases of rectilinear motion with the speeds lower than, equal to, and greater than the sound speed, as well as a point source oscillating in space are reported. Of note is that a bounded amplification effect is found for a Gaussian source moving at the sound speed, which is in contrast to the unbounded amplification seen in a one-dimensional geometry.
Relationships Between the External and Internal Training Load in Professional Soccer: What Can We Learn From Machine Learning?
Authors: Jaspers Arne , De Beéck Tim Op , Brink Michel S. , Frencken Wouter G.P. , Staes Filip , Davis Jesse J. , Helsen Werner F.
Published: December 2017

Purpose:Machine learning may contribute to understanding the relationship between the external load and internal load in professional soccer. Therefore, the relationship between external load indicators (ELIs) and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was examined using machine learning techniques on a group and individual level.Methods:Training data were collected from 38 professional soccer players over 2 seasons. The external load was measured using global positioning system technology and accelerometry. The internal load was obtained using the RPE. Predictive models were constructed using 2 machine learning techniques, artificial neural networks and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) models, and 1 naive baseline method. The predictions were based on a large set of ELIs. Using each technique, 1 group model involving all players and 1 individual model for each player were constructed. These models’ performance on predicting the reported RPE values for future training sessions was compared with the naive baseline’s performance.Results:Both the artificial neural network and LASSO models outperformed the baseline. In addition, the LASSO model made more accurate predictions for the RPE than did the artificial neural network model. Furthermore, decelerations were identified as important ELIs. Regardless of the applied machine learning technique, the group models resulted in equivalent or better predictions for the reported RPE values than the individual models.Conclusions:Machine learning techniques may have added value in predicting RPE for future sessions to optimize training design and evaluation. These techniques may also be used in conjunction with expert knowledge to select key ELIs for load monitoring.
Period Prevalence and Perceived Side Effects of Hormonal Contraceptive Use and the Menstrual Cycle in Elite Athletes
Authors: Martin Daniel , Sale Craig , Cooper Simon B. , Elliott-Sale Kirsty J.
Published: December 2017

Purpose:To identify the period prevalence of hormonal contraceptive (HC) use and characterize the perceived side effects associated with the menstrual cycle and HC use.Methods:A total of 430 elite female athletes completed a questionnaire to assess the period prevalence of HC use, the reasons for initiation and discontinuation of HCs, and the side effects experienced by HC and non-HC users. Descriptive statistics, between-groups comparisons, and associations between categorical variables were calculated.Results:Of athletes studied, 49.5% were currently using HCs and 69.8% had used HCs at some point. Combined oral contraceptives were most commonly used (68.1%), with 30.0% using progestin-only contraceptives (implant = 13.1%, injection = 3.7%, and intrauterine system = 2.8%). Perceived negative side effects were more common with progestin-only HC use (39.1%) compared with combined-HC use (17.8%;P = .001) and were most prevalent in implant users (53.6%;P = .004). HC users reported perceived positive side effects relating to their ability to predict and/or manipulate the timing, frequency, and amount of menstrual bleeding. Non-HC users had a menstrual cycle length of 29 (5) d and 77.4% reported negative side effects during their menstrual cycle, primarily during days 1–2 of menstruation (81.6%).Conclusions:Approximately half of elite athletes used HCs, and progestin-only contraceptive users reported greater incidences of negative side effects, especially with the implant. Because of the high interindividual variability in reported side effects, athletes and practitioners should maintain an open dialogue to pursue the best interests of the athlete.
The Neuromuscular Determinants of Unilateral Jump Performance in Soccer Players Are Direction-Specific
Authors: Murtagh Conall F. , Nulty Christopher , Vanrenterghem Jos , O’Boyle Andrew , Morgans Ryland , Drust Barry , Erskine Robert M.
Published: December 2017

Purpose: To investigate differences in neuromuscular factors between elite and nonelite players and to establish which factors underpin direction-specific unilateral jump performance. Methods: Elite (n = 23; age, 18.1 [1.0] y; body mass index, 23.1 [1.8] kg·m−2) and nonelite (n = 20; age, 22.3 [2.7] y; body mass index, 23.8 [1.8] kg·m−2) soccer players performed 3 unilateral countermovement jumps (CMJs) on a force platform in the vertical, horizontal-forward, and medial directions. Knee extension isometric maximum voluntary contraction torque was assessed using isokinetic dynamometry. Vastus lateralis fascicle length, angle of pennation, quadriceps femoris muscle volume (Mvol), and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) were assessed using ultrasonography. Vastus lateralis activation was assessed using electromyography. Results: Elite soccer players presented greater knee extensor isometric maximum voluntary contraction torque (365.7 [66.6] vs 320.1 [62.6] N·m; P = .045), Mvol (2853 [508] vs 2429 [232] cm3; P = .001), and PCSA (227 [42] vs 193 [25] cm2; P = .003) than nonelite. In both cohorts, unilateral vertical and unilateral medial CMJ performance correlated with Mvol and PCSA (r ≥ .310, P ≤ .043). In elite soccer players, unilateral vertical and unilateral medial CMJ performance correlated with upward phase vastus lateralis activation and angle of pennation (r ≥ .478, P ≤ .028). Unilateral horizontal-forward CMJ peak vertical power did not correlate with any measure of muscle size or activation but correlated inversely with angle of pennation (r = −.413, P = .037). Conclusions: While larger and stronger quadriceps differentiated elite from nonelite players, relationships between neuromuscular factors and unilateral jump performance were shown to be direction-specific. These findings support a notion that improving direction-specific muscular power in soccer requires improving a distinct neuromuscular profile.
The Quantification of Within-Week Session Intensity, Duration, and Intensity Distribution Across a Season in Australian Football Using the Session Rating of Perceived Exertion Method
Authors: Juhari Farhan , Ritchie Dean , O’Connor Fergus , Pitchford Nathan , Weston Matthew , Thornton Heidi R. , Bartlett Jonathan D.
Published: December 2017

Context: Team-sport training requires the daily manipulation of intensity, duration, and frequency, with preseason training focusing on meeting the demands of in-season competition and training on maintaining fitness. Purpose: To provide information about daily training in Australian football (AF), this study aimed to quantify session intensity, duration, and intensity distribution across different stages of an entire season. Methods: Intensity (session ratings of perceived exertion; CR-10 scale) and duration were collected from 45 professional male AF players for every training session and game. Each session’s rating of perceived exertion was categorized into a corresponding intensity zone, low (<4.0 arbitrary units), moderate (≥4.0 and <7.0), and high (≥7.0), to categorize session intensity. Linear mixed models were constructed to estimate session duration, intensity, and distribution between the 3 preseason and 4 in-season periods. Effects were assessed using linear mixed models and magnitude-based inferences. Results: The distribution of the mean session intensity across the season was 29% low intensity, 57% moderate intensity, and 14% high intensity. While 96% of games were high intensity, 44% and 49% of skills training sessions were low intensity and moderate intensity, respectively. Running had the highest proportion of high-intensity training sessions (27%). Preseason displayed higher training-session intensity (effect size [ES] = 0.29–0.91) and duration (ES = 0.33–1.44), while in-season game intensity (ES = 0.31–0.51) and duration (ES = 0.51–0.82) were higher. Conclusions: By using a cost-effective monitoring tool, this study provides information about the intensity, duration, and intensity distribution of all training types across different phases of a season, thus allowing a greater understanding of the training and competition demands of Australian footballers.
Effects of parenting interventions for at-risk parents with infants: a systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Rayce Signe B , Rasmussen Ida S , Klest Sihu K , Patras Joshua , Pontoppidan Maiken
Published: December 2017

Objectives

Infancy is a critical stage of life, and a secure relationship with caring and responsive caregivers is crucial for healthy infant development. Early parenting interventions aim to support families in which infants are at risk of developmental harm. Our objective is to systematically review the effects of parenting interventions on child development and on parent–child relationship for at-risk families with infants aged 0–12 months.

Design

This is a systematic review and meta-analyses. We extracted publications from 10 databases in June 2013, January 2015 and June 2016, and supplemented with grey literature and hand search. We assessed risk of bias, calculated effect sizes and conducted meta-analyses.

Inclusion criteria

(1) Randomised controlled trials of structured psychosocial interventions offered to at-risk families with infants aged 0–12 months in Western Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, (2) interventions with a minimum of three sessions and at least half of these delivered postnatally and (3) outcomes reported for child development or parent–child relationship.

Results

Sixteen studies were included. Meta-analyses were conducted on seven outcomes represented in 13 studies. Parenting interventions significantly improved child behaviour (d=0.14; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.26), parent–child relationship (d=0.44; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.80) and maternal sensitivity (d=0.46; 95% CI 0.26 to 0.65) postintervention. There were no significant effects on cognitive development (d=0.13; 95% CI −0.08 to 0.41), internalising behaviour (d=0.16; 95% CI −0.03 to 0.33) or externalising behaviour (d=0.16; 95% CI −0.01 to 0.30) post-intervention. At long-term follow-up we found no significant effect on child behaviour (d=0.15; 95% CI −0.03 to 0.31).

Conclusions

Interventions offered to at-risk families in the first year of the child’s life appear to improve child behaviour, parent–child relationship and maternal sensitivity post-intervention, but not child cognitive development and internalising or externalising behaviour. Future studies should incorporate follow-up assessments to examine long-term effects of early interventions.
Burden of early-term birth on adverse infant outcomes: a population-based cohort study in Brazil
Authors: Leal Maria do Carmo , Esteves-Pereira Ana Paula , Nakamura-Pereira Marcos , Domingues Rosa Maria Soares Madeira , Dias Marcos Augusto Bastos , Moreira Maria Elisabeth , Theme-Filha Mariza , da Gama Silvana Granado Nogueira
Published: December 2017

Objectives

To estimate the national rate of early-term live births in Brazil and to evaluate the effect of birth at 37 and 38 weeks’ gestation, as compared with 39 and 40 weeks’ gestation on infant outcomes according to precursors of birth and the existence of maternal/fetal medical conditions.

Design

National perinatal population-based cohort study.

Setting

266 maternity services located in the five Brazilian macroregions.

Participants

18 652 singleton live newborns from 37 0/7 to 40 6/7 weeks of gestation.

Main outcome measures

Resuscitation in delivery room, oxygen therapy, transient tachypnoea, admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), hypoglycaemia, use of antibiotics, phototherapy, phototherapy after hospital discharge, neonatal death and breastfeeding.

Results

Early terms accounted for 35% (95% CI 33.4% to 36.7%) of all live births. Among provider-initiated births in women without medical conditions, infants of 37 and 38 weeks’ gestation had higher odds of oxygen therapy (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.93, 95% CI 1.72 to 4.98 and AOR 1.92 95% CI 1.18 to 3.13), along with admission to NICU (AOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.18 to 3.41 and AOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.60), neonatal death (AOR 14.40, 95% CI 1.94 to 106.69 and AOR 13.76,95% CI 2.84 to 66.75), hypoglycaemia in the first 48 hours of life (AOR 7.86, 95% CI 1.95 to 31.71 and AOR 5.76, 95% CI 1.63 to 20.32), transient tachypnoea (AOR 2.98, 95% CI 1.57 to 5.65 and AOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.00 to 4.48) and the need for phototherapy within the first 72 hours of life (AOR 3.59, 95% CI 1.95 to 6.60 and AOR 2.29, 95% CI 1.49 to 3.53), yet lower odds of breastfeeding up to 1 hour after birth (AOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.86 and AOR 0.87, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.99) and exclusive breastfeeding during hospital stay (AOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.89 and AOR 0.84, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.99).

Conclusion

Birth at 37 and 38 weeks’ gestation increased the risk of most adverse infant outcomes analysed, especially among provider-initiated births and should be avoided before 39 weeks’ gestation in healthy pregnancies.
Guidance for sports injury surveillance: the 20-year influence of the Australian Sports Injury Data Dictionary
Authors: Finch Caroline F , Staines Carolyn
Published: December 2017

Background

Injury prevention requires information about how, why, where and when injuries occur. The Australian Sports Injury Data Dictionary (ASIDD) was developed to guide sports injury data collection and reporting. Sports Medicine Australia (SMA) disseminated associated data collection forms and an online tool to practitioners and the sports community. This paper assesses the long-term value, usefulness and relevance of the ASIDD and SMA tools.

Methods

A systematic search strategy identified both peer-reviewed and grey literature that used the ASIDD and/or the SMA tools, during 1997–2016. A text-based search was conducted within 10 electronic databases, as well as a Google Image search for the SMA tools. Documents were categorised according to ASIDD use as: (1) collected injury data; (2) informed data coding; (3) developed an injury data collection tool and/or (4) reference only.

Results

Of the 36 peer-reviewed articles, 83% directly referred to ASIDD and 17% mentioned SMA tools. ASIDD was mainly used for data coding (42%), reference (36%), data collection (17%) or resource development (14%). In contrast, 86% of 66 grey literature sources referenced, used or modified the SMA data collection forms.

Conclusions

The ASIDD boasts a long history of use and relevance. Its ongoing use by practitioners has been facilitated by the ready availability of specific data collection forms by SMA for them to apply to directly their settings. Injury prevention practitioners can be strongly engaged in injury surveillance activities when formal guidance is supported by user-friendly tools directly relevant to their settings and practice.
Power law expansion of the early universe for a V (a) = kan potential
Authors: Freitas Augusto S.
Published: December 2017

In a recent paper, He, Gao and Cai [Phys. Rev. D 89, 083510 (2014)], found a rigorous proof, based on analytical solutions of the Wheeler–DeWitt (WDWE) equation, of the spontaneous creation of the universe from nothing. The solutions were obtained from a classical potential [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the scale factor. In this paper, we present a complementary (to that of He, Gao and Cai) solution to the WDWE equation with [Formula: see text]. I have found an exponential expansion of the true vacuum bubble for all scenarios. In all scenarios, we found a power law behavior of the scale factor result which is in agreement with another studies.
Study on tip leakage vortex cavitating flows using a visualization method
Authors: Zhao Yu , Jiang Yutong , Cao Xiaolong , Wang Guoyu
Published: December 2017

Experimental investigations of unsteady cavitating flows in a hydrofoil tip leakage region with different gap sizes are conducted to highlight the development of gap cavitation. The experiments were taken in a closed cavitation tunnel, during which high-speed camera had been used to capture the cavitation patterns. A new visualization method based on image processing was developed to capture time-dependent cavitation patterns. The results show that the visualization method can effectively capture the cavitation patterns in the tip region, including both the attached cavity in the gap and the tip leakage vortex (TLV) cavity near the trailing edge. Moreover, with the decrease of cavitation number, the TLV cavity develops from a rapid onset-growth-collapse process to a continuous process, and extends both upstream and downstream. The attached cavity in the gap develops gradually stretching beyond the gap and combines with the vortex cavity to form the triangle cavitating region. Furthermore, the influences of gap size on the cavitation are also discussed. The gap size has a great influence on the loss across the gap, and hence the locations of the inception attached cavity. Besides, inception locations and extending direction of the TLV cavity with different gap sizes also differ. The TLV in the case with [Formula: see text] = 0.061 is more likely to be jet-like compared with that in the case with [Formula: see text] = 0.024, and the gap size has a great influence on the TLV strength.
Mechanical and half-metallic properties of half-Heusler CoCrSn
Authors: Huang Hai-Ming , He Ze-Dong , Zhang Chuan-Kun , Luo Shi-Jun
Published: December 2017

Electronic and elastic properties of the half-Heusler CoCrSn are calculated using first-principles method. The results show that CoCrSn is a half-metallic ferrimagnetism with the total magnetic moment of 1.00 [Formula: see text] per formula unit at equilibrium lattice constant. The results agree well with the Slatere–Pauling rule based on the relationship of valence electrons and total magnetic moment. The half-Heusler CoCrSn maintains the half-metallic stability within the lattice constants ranging from 5.17 Å to 5.91 Å in GGA, from 5.24 Å to 5.89 Å in GGA[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]SOC, and from the 4.63 Å to 6.18 Å in GGA[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]U, respectively. The mechanical parameters of CoCrSn, such as elastic constants, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Pough’s ratio, Frantesvich ratio, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, Kleinman parameter and Debye temperature are calculated for the first time, and the results show that it is mechanically stable and is a ductile material. The studies show that the half-Heusler CoCrSn is a promising half-metal in spintronics.
Work functions of metal hexaborides: Density functional study
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhu Chuanxi , Meng Fanshun , Liu Gaobin , Gu Yue , Wang Hongde , Gao Shoushan , Wang Kaiming
Published: December 2017

We present a systematic theoretical investigation on the work functions of five closed surfaces of metal hexaborides including LaB6, BaB6, CaB6, CeB6, SrB6 and SmB6. The results are in a close agreement with available experimental measurements and previous theoretical findings. The variations of the work function display a good trend. For BaB6, CaB6 and SrB6, the increasing order is [Formula: see text](100) [Formula: see text](110) [Formula: see text](211) [Formula: see text](112) [Formula: see text](111). For CeB6, LaB6, and SmB6, the sequence is somewhat different: [Formula: see text](100) [Formula: see text](211) [Formula: see text](112) [Formula: see text](110) [Formula: see text](111). The work function changes with the metal hexaborides series have also been discussed. The increasing order of the (100) surface is LaB6(100) [Formula: see text] CeB6(100) [Formula: see text] SmB6(100) [Formula: see text] SrB6(100) [Formula: see text] BaB6(100) [Formula: see text] CaB6(100). The orders for the (110) and (111) surface are similar: BaB6(110, 111) [Formula: see text] SrB6(110, 111) [Formula: see text] LaB6(110, 111) [Formula: see text] CeB6(110, 111) [Formula: see text] CaB6(110, 111) [Formula: see text] SmB6(110, 111). For the (112) and (211) surface, the sequence is BaB6(112, 211) [Formula: see text] LaB6(112, 211) [Formula: see text] CeB6(112, 211) [Formula: see text] SrB6(112, 211) [Formula: see text] SmB6(112, 211) [Formula: see text] CaB6(112, 211).
A 0.1–1.4 GHz inductorless low-noise amplifier with 13 dBm IIP3 and 24 dBm IIP2 in 180 nm CMOS
Authors: Guo Benqing , Chen Jun , Chen Hongpeng , Wang Xuebing
Published: December 2017

An inductorless noise-canceling CMOS low-noise amplifier (LNA) with wideband linearization technique is proposed. The complementary configuration by stacked NMOS/PMOS is employed to compensate second-order nonlinearity of the circuit. The third-order distortion of the auxiliary stage is also mitigated by that of the weak inversion transistors in the main path. The bias and scaling size combined by digital control words are further tuned to obtain enhanced linearity over the desired band. Implemented in a 0.18 [Formula: see text]m CMOS process, simulated results show that the proposed LNA provides a voltage gain of 16.1 dB and a NF of 2.8–3.4 dB from 0.1 GHz to 1.4 GHz. The IIP3 and IIP2 of 13–18.9 and 24–40 dBm are obtained, respectively. The circuit core consumes 19 mW from a 1.8 V supply.
The complex quantum potential and wave–particle duality
Authors: Bracken Paul
Published: December 2017

The equation of motion for a particle moving in complex space is obtained and then solved. The interaction between the real and imaginary components of motion can produce what can be regarded as a wave motion in real space. The formation of interference patterns and polarization of a matter wave can be accounted for by the particle’s motion in complex space. The deterministic particle view of a free particle can then be reconciled with its dual probabilistic wave picture but the formulation is entirely in complex space.
Early Monitoring of Rebar Corrosion Evolution Based on FBG Sensor
Authors: Sun Li , Li Chuang , Zhang Chunwei , Su Zhongxin , Chen Chen
Published: December 2017

Cracks of structural members caused by rebar corrosion directly influence the service life of reinforced concrete structures. Therefore, it is important to monitor early corrosion evolution of the rebar and take the early steps to overcome the situation. In this paper, the response relationship between wavelength variation of Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor and mass loss rate of the rebar is derived. The accuracy of the proposed theoretical model is verified by the electricity accelerated rebar corrosion experiment. It indicates that the theoretical model matches well with the tested value. Moreover, in this study, real-time online early monitoring of rebar corrosion evolution is built.
Liver tissue metabolically transformed by alcohol induces immune recognition of liver self-proteins but not in vivo inflammation
Authors: Duryee Michael J. , Wiese Benjamin M. , Bowman Jordan R. , Vanlandingham Jared D. , Klassen Lynell W. , Thiele Geoffrey E. , Hunter Carlos D. , Anderson Daniel R. , Mikuls Ted R. , Thiele Geoffrey M.
Published: December 2017

Precision-cut liver slices (PCLSs) provide a novel model for studies of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). This is relevant, as in vivo ethanol exposure does not appear to generate significant liver damage in ethanol-fed mice, except in the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism binge model of ALD. Previous studies have shown that the two metabolites of ethanol consumption, malondialdhyde (MDA) and acetaldehyde (AA), combine to form MDA-AA (MAA) adducts, which have been correlated with the development and progression of ALD. In this study, murine PCLSs were incubated with ethanol and examined for the production of MAA adducts. PCLSs were homogenized, and homogenates were injected into C57BL/6 mice. PCLSs from control-, pair-, and ethanol-fed animals served as targets in in situ cytotoxic assays using primed T cells from mice hyperimmunized with control or ethanol-exposed PCLS homogenates. A CD45.1/CD45.2 passive-transfer model was used to determine whether T cells from the spleens of mice hyperimmunized with PCLS ethanol-exposed homogenates trafficked to the liver. PCLSs incubated with ethanol generated MAA-modified proteins in situ. Cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells from immunized mice killed naïve PCLSs from control- and pair-fed mice in vitro, a response that was blunted in PCLSs from ethanol-fed mice. Furthermore, CD45.1 CD8+ T cells from hyperimmunized mice trafficked to the liver but did not initiate liver damage. This study demonstrates that exposure to liver tissue damaged by ethanol mediates robust immune responses to well-characterized alcohol metabolites and native liver proteins in vitro. Moreover, although these proinflammatory T cells traffic to the liver, these responses appear to be dampened in vivo by locally acting pathways.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study shows that the metabolites of ethanol and lipid breakdown produce malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde adducts in the precision-cut liver slice model system. Additionally, precision-cut liver slices exposed to ethanol and harboring malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde adducts generate liver-specific antibody and T cell responses in the spleens of naïve mice that could traffic to the liver.
Role of reactive oxygen species and sulfide-quinone oxoreductase in hydrogen sulfide-induced contraction of rat pulmonary arteries
Authors: Prieto-Lloret Jesus , Snetkov Vladimir A. , Shaifta Yasin , Docio Inmaculada , Connolly Michelle J. , MacKay Charles E. , Knock Greg A. , Ward Jeremy P. T. , Aaronson Philip I.
Published: December 2017

Application of H2S (“sulfide”) elicits a complex contraction in rat pulmonary arteries (PAs) comprising a small transient contraction (phase 1; Ph1) followed by relaxation and then a second, larger, and more sustained contraction (phase 2; Ph2). We investigated the mechanisms causing this response using isometric myography in rat second-order PAs, with Na2S as a sulfide donor. Both phases of contraction to 1,000 μM Na2S were attenuated by the pan-PKC inhibitor Gö6983 (3 μM) and by 50 μM ryanodine; the Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine (1 μM) was without effect. Ph2 was attenuated by the mitochondrial complex III blocker myxothiazol (1 μM), the NADPH oxidase (NOX) blocker VAS2870 (10 μM), and the antioxidant TEMPOL (3 mM) but was unaffected by the complex I blocker rotenone (1 μM). The bath sulfide concentration, measured using an amperometric sensor, decreased rapidly following Na2S application, and the peak of Ph2 occurred when this had fallen to ~50 μM. Sulfide caused a transient increase in NAD(P)H autofluorescence, the offset of which coincided with development of the Ph2 contraction. Sulfide also caused a brief mitochondrial hyperpolarization (assessed using tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester), followed immediately by depolarization and then a second more prolonged hyperpolarization, the onset of which was temporally correlated with the Ph2 contraction. Sulfide application to cultured PA smooth muscle cells increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (recorded using L012); this was absent when the mitochondrial flavoprotein sulfide-quinone oxoreductase (SQR) was knocked down using small interfering RNA. We propose that the Ph2 contraction is largely caused by SQR-mediated sulfide metabolism, which, by donating electrons to ubiquinone, increases electron production by complex III and thereby ROS production.
Efficient Series Expansions of the Temperature Field in Dry Surface Grinding for Usual Heat Flux Profiles
Authors: González-Santander Juan Luis
Published: December 2017

In the framework of Jaeger’s model for heat transfer in dry surface grinding, series expansions for calculating the temperature field, assuming constant, linear, triangular, and parabolic heat flux profiles entering into the workpiece, are derived. The numerical evaluation of these series is considerably faster than the numerical integration of Jaeger’s formula and as accurate as the latter. Also, considering a constant heat flux profile, a numerical procedure is proposed for the computation of the maximum temperature as a function of the Peclet number and the depth below the surface. This numerical procedure has been used to evaluate the accuracy of Takazawa’s approximation.
Reliability Evaluation of Bridges Based on Nonprobabilistic Response Surface Limit Method
Authors: Chen Xuyong , Chen Qian , Bian Xiaoya , Fan Jianping
Published: December 2017

Due to many uncertainties in nonprobabilistic reliability assessment of bridges, the limit state function is generally unknown. The traditional nonprobabilistic response surface method is a lengthy and oscillating iteration process and leads to difficultly solving the nonprobabilistic reliability index. This article proposes a nonprobabilistic response surface limit method based on the interval model. The intention of this method is to solve the upper and lower limits of the nonprobabilistic reliability index and to narrow the range of the nonprobabilistic reliability index. If the range of the reliability index reduces to an acceptable accuracy, the solution will be considered convergent, and the nonprobabilistic reliability index will be obtained. The case study indicates that using the proposed method can avoid oscillating iteration process, make iteration process stable and convergent, reduce iteration steps significantly, and improve computational efficiency and precision significantly compared with the traditional nonprobabilistic response surface method. Finally, the nonprobabilistic reliability evaluation process of bridge will be built through evaluating the reliability of one PC continuous rigid frame bridge with three spans using the proposed method, which appears to be more simple and reliable when lack of samples and parameters in the bridge nonprobabilistic reliability evaluation is present.
Optimization of Protocols for In Vitro Regeneration of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
Authors: Jamil Shakra , Shahzad Rahil , Talha Ghulam Mohyuddin , Sakhawat Ghazala , Sajid-ur-Rahman  , Sultana Razia , Iqbal Muhammad Zaffar
Published: December 2017

Sugarcane contributes 60–70% of annual sugar production in the world. Somaclonal variation has potential to enhance genetic variation present within a species. Present study was done to optimize an in vitro propagation protocol for sugarcane. The experiments included four varieties, 9 callus induction media, 27 regeneration media, and 9 root induction media under two-factor factorial CRD. Data were recorded on callus induction, embryogenic callus formation, shoot elongation (cm), root induction, and plant regeneration. Statistically significant differences existed between genotypes and treatments for callus induction (%), embryogenic callus formation (%), shoot elongation (cm), root induction, and plant regeneration (%). All parameters showed dependency on genotypes, culture media, and their interaction. Highest callus induction (95%) embryogenic callus formation (95%) was observed in callus induction media 5. Highest plantlet regeneration (98.9%) capacity was observed in regeneration media 11 whereas maximum shoot elongation (12.13 cm) and root induction (8.32) were observed in rooting media 4. G1 showed best response for all traits and vice versa for G4. Hence it was concluded that G1, callus induction media 5, regeneration media 11, and rooting media 4 are the best conditions for in vitro propagation of sugarcane.
ηQ Meson Photoproduction in Ultrarelativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
Authors: Yu Gong-Ming , Zhao Gao-Gao , Bai Zhen , Cai Yan-Bing , Yang Hai-Tao , Wang Jian-Song
Published: December 2017

The transverse momentum distributions for inclusive ηc,b meson described by gluon-gluon interactions from photoproduction processes in relativistic heavy ion collisions are calculated. We considered the color-singlet (CS) and color-octet (CO) components within the framework of Nonrelativistic Quantum Chromodynamics (NRQCD) in the production of heavy quarkonium. The phenomenological values of the matrix elements for the color-singlet and color-octet components give the main contribution to the production of heavy quarkonium from the gluon-gluon interaction caused by the emission of additional gluon in the initial state. The numerical results indicate that the contribution of photoproduction processes cannot be negligible for midrapidity in p-p and Pb-Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies.
Comment on “Rough Multisets and Information Multisystems”
Authors: El-Sheikh Sobhy Ahmed , Hosny Mona , Raafat Mahmoud
Published: December 2017

We show that some results introduced in Girish and John (2011) are incorrect. Moreover, a counterexample is given to confirm our claim. Furthermore, the correction form of the incorrect results in Girish and John (2011) is presented.