bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of COVID-19 Transmission Sources in France by Self-Assessment Before and After the Partial Lockdown: Observational Study
Authors: Denis Fabrice , Septans Anne-Lise , Le Goff Florian , Jeanneau Stephan , Lescure François-Xavier
Published: April 2021

Background

We developed a questionnaire on a web application for analyzing COVID-19 contamination circumstances in France during the second wave of the pandemic.

Objective

This study aims to analyze the impact on contamination characteristics before and after the second partial lockdown in France to adapt public health restrictions to further prevent pandemic surges.

Methods

Between December 15 and 24, 2020, after a national media campaign, users of the sourcecovid.fr web application were asked questions about their own or a close relative’s COVID-19 contamination after August 15, 2020, in France. The data of the contamination’s circumstances were assessed and compared before and after the second partial lockdown, which occurred on October 25, 2020, during the second wave of the pandemic and was ongoing on December 24, 2020.

Results

As of December 24, 2020, 441,000 connections on the web application were observed. A total of 2218 questionnaires were assessable for analysis. About 61.8% (n=1309) of the participants were sure of their contamination origin, and 38.2% (n=809) thought they knew it. The median age of users was 43.0 (IQR 32-56) years, and 50.7% (n=1073) were male. The median incubation time of the assessed cohort was 4.0 (IQR 3-5) days. Private areas (family’s or friend’s house) were the main source of contamination (1048/2090, 50.2%), followed by work colleagues (579/2090, 27.7%). The main time of day for the contamination was the evening (339/961, 35.3%) before the lockdown and was reduced to 18.2% (86/473) after the lockdown (P<.001). The person who transmitted the virus to the user before and after the lockdown was significantly different (P<.001): a friend (382/1317, 29% vs 109/773, 14.1%), a close relative (304/1317, 23.1% vs 253/773, 32.7%), or a work colleague (315/1317, 23.9% vs 264/773, 34.2%). The main location where the virus was transmitted to the users before and after the lockdown was significantly different too (P<.001): home (278/1305, 21.3% vs 194/760, 25.5%), work (293/1305, 22.5% vs 225/760, 29.6%), collective places (430/1305, 33% vs 114/760, 15%), and care centers (58/1305, 4.4% vs 74/760, 9.7%).

Conclusions

Modalities of transmissions significantly changed before and after the second lockdown in France. The main sources of contamination remained the private areas and with work colleagues. Work became the main location of contamination after the lockdown, whereas contaminations in collective places were strongly reduced.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04670003; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04670003
Sleep Disturbances in Frontline Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Social Media Survey Study
Authors: Stewart Nancy H , Koza Anya , Dhaon Serena , Shoushtari Christiana , Martinez Maylyn , Arora Vineet M
Published: April 2021

Background

During the COVID-19 pandemic, health care workers are sharing their challenges, including sleep disturbances, on social media; however, no study has evaluated sleep in predominantly US frontline health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess sleep among a sample of predominantly US frontline health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic using validated measures through a survey distributed on social media.

Methods

A self-selection survey was distributed on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram for 16 days (August 31 to September 15, 2020), targeting health care workers who were clinically active during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and they reported their demographic and career information. Poor sleep quality was defined as a PSQI score ≥5. Moderate-to-severe insomnia was defined as an ISI score >14. The Mini-Z Burnout Survey was used to measure burnout. Multivariate logistic regression tested associations between demographics, career characteristics, and sleep outcomes.

Results

A total of 963 surveys were completed. Participants were predominantly White (894/963, 92.8%), female (707/963, 73.4%), aged 30-49 years (692/963, 71.9%), and physicians (620/963, 64.4%). Mean sleep duration was 6.1 hours (SD 1.2). Nearly 96% (920/963, 95.5%) of participants reported poor sleep (PSQI). One-third (288/963, 30%) reported moderate or severe insomnia. Many participants (554/910, 60.9%) experienced sleep disruptions due to device use or had nightmares at least once per week (420/929, 45.2%). Over 50% (525/932, 56.3%) reported burnout. In multivariable logistic regressions, nonphysician (odds ratio [OR] 2.4, 95% CI 1.7-3.4), caring for patients with COVID-19 (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.8), Hispanic ethnicity (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.4-3.5), female sex (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.4), and having a sleep disorder (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.7-6.9) were associated with increased odds of insomnia. In open-ended comments (n=310), poor sleep was mapped to four categories: children and family, work demands, personal health, and pandemic-related sleep disturbances.

Conclusions

During the COVID-19 pandemic, nearly all the frontline health care workers surveyed on social media reported poor sleep, over one-third reported insomnia, and over half reported burnout. Many also reported sleep disruptions due to device use and nightmares. Sleep interventions for frontline health care workers are urgently needed.
Preliminary Outcomes of an Ecological Momentary Intervention for Social Functioning in Schizophrenia: Pre-Post Study of the Motivation and Skills Support App
Authors: Fulford Daniel , Gard David E , Mueser Kim T , Mote Jasmine , Gill Kathryn , Leung Lawrence , Mow Jessica
Published: April 2021

Background

People with schizophrenia and other serious mental illnesses often lack access to evidence-based interventions, particularly interventions that target meaningful recovery outcomes such as social functioning and quality of life. Mobile technologies, including smartphone apps, have the potential to provide scalable support that places elements of evidence-based interventions at the palm of patients’ hands.

Objective

We aim to develop a smartphone app—called Motivation and Skills Support—to provide targeted social goal support (eg, making new friends and improving existing relationships) for people with schizophrenia enrolled in a stand-alone open trial.

Methods

In this paper, we presented preliminary outcomes of 31 participants who used the Motivation and Skills Support app for 8 weeks, including social functioning pre- to postintervention, and momentary reports of treatment targets (eg, social motivation and appraisals) during the intervention.

Results

The findings suggest that the intervention improved self-reported social functioning from baseline to treatment termination, particularly in female participants. Gains were not maintained at the 3-month follow-up. Furthermore, increased social functioning was predicted by momentary reports of social appraisals, including perceived social competence and the extent to which social interactions were worth the effort.

Conclusions

The implications of these findings and future directions for addressing social functioning in schizophrenia using mobile technology have been discussed.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03404219; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03404219
El oficial de cumplimiento en el marco de un modelo integrado de compliance en las sociedades anónimas
Authors: Toso Milos Angela
Published: April 2021

Regulatory compliance has become a difficult task to assume for corporations, considering the various requirements established in the legal system, together with those that an organization can formulate as compliance objectives. One aspect that can contribute to facilitate this work lies in understanding that regulatory compliance involves the development of management models, which have common elements, among which is to have a compliance officer. This research contrasts what has been said about the compliance officer in the instruments that include the following compliance models: the anti-money laundering and financing of terrorism model, based on Law 19.913 (2003); the prevention of crimes model, enshrined in Law 20.393 (2009, art. 4), on criminal liability of legal persons; and the one based on the National Economic Prosecutor’s Office recommendations, and the requirements of the Court for the Protection of Free Competition. This exercise is intended as a background for the design of comprehensive compliance programs in corporations.
Estimation of ground motion in Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico during the 1920 (M~6.4) crustal earthquake, and some significant intraslab earthquakes of the last century
Authors: Córdoba-Montiel Francisco Córdoba-Montiel , Krishna Singh Srhi , Iglesias Arturo , Pérez-Campos Xyoli , Sieron K.
Published: April 2021

Ground motions in Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, during the earthquake of January 4, 1920 (M~6.4), and three significant intraslab earthquakes (Mw7.0) of the last century were estimated. These events are reasonable scenario earthquakes for Xalapa. Towards this goal, portable broadband seismographs at nine sites in the city and an additional one at a reference hard site outside the city were deployed. Peak ground acceleration (Amax) and peak ground velocity (Amax) in Xalapa were estimated based on Brune w -2 source model and the site effect, obtained from earthquake recordings by using the standard spectral ratio (SSR) technique, and the application of a stochastic method. During the 1920 Xalapa earthquake the estimated Amax values corresponding to a stress drop, Ds, of 50 bar are between 100 and 250 cm/s2, except at two sites where the site effect is very large and Amax values reach 300 and 600 cm/s2. Estimated Vmax values are between 10 and 20 cm/s, except at the site with the largest site effect where it is ~ 40 cm/s. Ds of 30 and 100 bar produce about half and twice of these peak values, respectively. The main uncertainty in the present estimations is due the Ds value, because although a range of 30 to 100 bar for crustal earthquakes in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (in which Xalapa is located) seems reasonable, it is not constrained by the data. The mean stress drop for intraslab events, ~ 300 bar, is better constrained from previous studies. A median Amax of ~ 30 cm/s2 and a median Vmax of 4 cm/s in Xalapa during the 1973 (Orizaba) and 1999 (Tehuacán) earthquakes was estimated; the corresponding values during the 1980 (Huajuapan) earthquake are ~ 10 cm/s2 and 2 cm/s. The uncertainty in the estimation is probably within a factor of 2 to 3.The ground motion prediction equations developed from data in the forearc region with less attenuation (than the backarc region) and recorded at hard sites appear to work reasonably well for Xalapa sites, which lie in the back arc. This observation suggests that the seismic waves from intraslab earthquakes, traveling through the mantle wedge before arriving Xalapa, suffer relatively large attenuation. However, these waves get amplified due to local site effects. It seems that in Xalapa these two effects, roughly, balance each other.
A Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) based implementation of an incompressible two-phase flow model in porous media
Authors: Teja-Juárez V. Leonardo , De la Cruz Luis M.
Published: April 2021

En este trabajo se presenta una estrategia de paralelización de un simulador completamente implícito para la solución numérica del modelo de flujo bifásico incompresible en medios porosos usando unidades de procesamiento gráfico (GPU, por sus siglas en inglés). El modelo matemático está basado en las ecuaciones de conservación de masa para las fases agua y aceite. Se utiliza la formulación PresiónSaturación para simplificar el modelo numérico. La técnica de Volumen Finito y el método de Newton-Raphson se usan para discretizar y linealizar las ecuaciones diferenciales parciales, respectivamente. Se propone la construcción del Jacobiano directamente en la GPU, lo que reduce la información que debe intercambiarse entre la CPU (Unidad Central de Procesamiento CPU, por sus siglas en inglés) y la GPU. El simulador utiliza bibliotecas que ya incluyen los métodos del subespacio de Krylov para resolver sistemas de ecuaciones lineales. Se comparan los resultados de tres problemas de referencia utilizando diferentes tamaños de malla. También se evalúa el rendimiento del código numérico desarrollado. Los resultados de la GPU versus CPU indican que el simulador numérico alcanzó hasta 22x de aceleración para construir el Jacobiano y 3x de aceleración para ejecutar el código numérico completo usando la paralelización GPU.
AUTOAPRESENTAÇÃO CORPORAL DE LUTADORAS DE ARTES MARCIAIS MISTAS (MMA) NO INSTAGRAM
Authors: Oliveira João Paulo Silva de , Macedo Christiane Garcia , Millen Neto Alvaro Rego
Published: April 2021

Objetivamos analisar a autoapresentação corporal de lutadoras de MMA no Instagram. Foram analisadas imagens postadas por lutadoras campeãs do Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), considerando a representação midiática da imagem da mulher atleta, a objetificação e a hipersexualização de seus corpos. Para tal, utilizamos um esquema de codificação com categorias para análise de imagens baseado nos estudos de Goffman. Evidenciamos que, em geral, as imagens analisadas não apresentam a tendência, persistente na cobertura da mídia esportiva, de sexualização do corpo das mulheres atletas. As imagens que remetem a essa representação foram observadas nos contextos específicos que envolvem a organização UFC – a marca do UFC aparece com frequência nas imagens postadas por todas as lutadoras. Não evidenciamos representação baseada em normas e expectativas convencionais de comportamento de gênero; as imagens analisadas mostram uma feminilidade plural.
Peripheral frequencies
Authors: Mika Kiviniemi
Published: April 2021

This exposition explores the backround noise as aesthetic periphery. My attempt is to define my subjective experience about what I consider as peripheral frequencies and how do they affect the formation of aesthetic experiences.
Influenza Hospitalizations during Childhood in Children born Preterm
Authors: Hauge Siri , Blasio Birgitte De , Håberg Siri E , Oakley Laura
Published: April 2021

Objective: To determine if children born preterm were at increased risk
of influenza hospitalization up to age five. Methods: National registry
data on all children born in Norway between 2008 and 2011 was used in
Cox regression models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for
influenza hospitalizations up to age five in children born preterm
(<37 pregnancy weeks). HRs were also estimated separately for
very preterm (<32 weeks), early term (37-38 weeks), and
post-term (≥42 weeks) children. Results: Among 238 628 children born in
Norway from January 2008 to December 2011, 15 086 (6.3%) were born
preterm. There were 754 (0.3%) children hospitalized with influenza
before age five. The rate of hospitalizations in children born preterm
was 1.4 per 10 000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]:
1.1-1.7), and 0.6 per 10 000 person-years (95% CI: 0.5-0.6) in children
born at term (≥37 weeks). Children born preterm had a higher risk of
influenza hospitalization before age 5: aHR 2.33 (95% CI: 1.85-2.93).
The risk increased with decreasing gestational age and was highest among
those born very preterm; aHR 4.07 (95% CI: 2.63-6.31). Compared to
children born at 40-41 weeks, children born early term also had an
elevated risk of influenza hospitalization; aHR (37 weeks) 1.89 (95%
CI: 1.43-2.40), aHR (38 weeks) 1.43 (95% CI: 1.15-1.78). Conclusion:
Children born preterm had a higher risk of influenza hospitalizations
before age five. An elevated risk was also present among children born
at an early term. Children born preterm would benefit from influenza
vaccinations.
Clinical trials in cardiac xenotransplantation: are we ready to handle ethical issues?
Authors: Garcia Leonardo Rufino , Brito Flavio , Felicio Marcello , Garzesi Andre , Tardivo Marcia , Polegato Bertha , Minicucci Marcos , Zornoff Leonardo
Published: April 2021

Heart allotransplantation has become one of the methods of choice in the
treatment of severe heart failure. In the face of its difficulties, such
as the unmet balance between organ supply and demand, the use of
xenotransplantation might be an attractive option in the near future,
even more with the ongoing progress achieved regarding the avoidance of
hyperacute rejection and primary organ disfunction, maintenance of
xenograft function and control of xenograft growth. To make possible
this translational challenge, some points must be taken into account
indeed, and they are the equipoise of human benefit and animal
suffering, the risk of unknown infections, a well prepared informed
consent, ethical and religious beliefs, and the role of cardiac
xenotransplantation in a ventricular assistance device era.
RESUSCITATION AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY AWARENESS, AN EGYPTIAN MULTICENTRE SURVEY
Authors: Abdelghafar Moslem , Abdelmoiem Taher , Mohamed Alaa , Abdalla Mohamed
Published: April 2021

Aim: Cardiac surgery patients have different resuscitative
needs than other patients who experience in-hospital cardiac arrest,
this was addressed in the guidelines. However, it is unknown how widely
the guidelines are practiced, or a training protocol is followed in
different cardiac surgery units in Egypt. Methods: A
21-question survey is created and included: Participants demographics,
Prevalence of cardiac arrest, Cardiac arrest protocol, Emergency
resternotomy technique, Training protocols. Survey was disseminated
through social media messaging platforms during the period between
November 2020 and January 2021. Results: 95 responses were from
11 centres across Egypt. 68.5% of the respondents were surgeons, 76.8%
of participants were junior surgeons. For patients who go into VF after
cardiac surgery, respondents would attempt a median of 3 shocks with
only 24.2% commencing defibrillation shocks before external cardiac
massage, while the majority initiating CPR immediately and performing
emergency resternotomy in a median time of 10 mins. 56.8% would give 1
mg of adrenaline as soon the cardiac arrest was established. If a
surgeon was not available, only 36.8% of respondents would allow any
trained personnel to perform the emergency resternotomy. Only 9.5%
practice regularly on emergency sternotomies. 75% think tailored
training is important and staff should be oriented about it in the
future. Conclusion: An action plan is required to improve the
awareness of the junior surgeons with the Cardiac Advanced Life Support
Protocol.
“Money was the Problem”: Financial Difficulty is the Main Reason for Treatment Abandonment by Children with Cancer in South West Uganda
Authors: Atwiine Barnabas , Busingye Imelda , Kyarisiima Rose , Baluku Emmanuel , Mbabazi Ruth , Bamwine Brian , Ankunda Siyadora , Libes Jaime , Weinstein Howard , Schwartz Kevin , Kiwanuka Gertrude
Published: April 2021

Introduction - Treatment abandonment contributes significantly to poor
survival of children with cancer in low-middle-income countries (LMICs).
In order to inform an approach to this problem at our Cancer Unit, we
investigated why caregivers withdraw their children from treatment.
Methods – In a qualitative study, in-depth interviews were conducted
with caregivers of children who had abandoned cancer treatment at the
Paediatric Cancer Unit (PCU) of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital
(MRRH) in South Western Uganda, between May 2017 and September 2020.
Recorded in-depth interviews with caregivers were transcribed and
analyzed to identify themes of caregiver self-reported reasons for
treatment abandonment. Results - Seventy-seven out of 343 (22.4%)
children treated for cancer at MRRH abandoned treatment during the study
period; 20 contactable and consenting caregivers participated in the
study. The median age of children’s caregivers was 37 years and most
(65%) were mothers. At the time of this study, eight (40%) children
were alive and 5 (62.5%) were males; with a median age of 6.5 years.
Financial difficulties, other obligations, the child falsely appearing
cured, preference for alternative treatments, belief that cancer was
incurable, fear that the child’s death was imminent and chemotherapy
side-effects were the caregivers’ reasons for treatment abandonment.
Conclusions and Recommendation – Treatment abandonment among children
with cancer in Uganda is, most times, as a result of difficult
conditions beyond the caregivers’ control and needs to be approached
with empathy and support.
Use of Evidence in Acute Stroke Decision-Making: Implications for Evidence-Based Medicine
Authors: Langlois-Therien Timothe , Dewar Brian , Upshur Ross , Shamy Michel
Published: April 2021

Evidence-Based Medicine proposes a prescriptive model of physician
decision-making in which “best evidence” is used to guide best
practice. And yet, proponents of EBM acknowledge that EBM fails to offer
a systematic theory of physician decision-making. In this paper, we
explore how physicians from the neurology and emergency medicine
communities have responded to an evolving body of evidence surrounding
the acute treatment of patients with ischemic stroke. Through analysis
of this case study, we argue that EBM’s vision of evidence-based medical
decision-making fails to appreciate a process that we have termed
epistemic evaluation. Namely, physicians are required to interpret and
apply any knowledge — even what EBM would term “best evidence” —
in light of their own knowledge, background and experience. This is
consequential for EBM as understanding what physicians do and why they
do it would appear to be essential to achieving optimal practice in
accordance with best evidence.
Peripheral vascular access from the arms for electrophysiology procedures using ultrasound guidance
Authors: Kadiwar Suraj , Griffiths Jack , Ailoaei Stefan , Barton Bruce , Samchkuashvili Nelly , Adams Linford , Browne Shaun , Paynter Amy , Kempny Aleksander , Ernst Sabine
Published: April 2021

Introduction Vascular access has traditionally been gained from the
femoral vessels, however, a ‘radial-first’ approach has become
increasingly popular and resulted in lower complication rates and
reduced healthcare costs. A “superior” approach has been reported for
electrophysiology (EP) studies but is associated with an increased risk.
To provide comprehensive anatomical evidence that the vessels of the
arms are suitable for use during EP procedures, as assessed by vascular
ultrasound. Methods A portable ultrasound device was used to measure the
diameter of the brachial artery, brachial, basilic & cephalic veins on
the left and right upper limbs of 63 healthy volunteers. A subgroup of
15 volunteers had additional measurements taken with a tourniquet.
Results The basilic vein had the largest diameter with a median of 4.6
mm and 4.5 mm (right and left diameter, respectively), followed by the
cephalic (median of 3.1 and 3.0 mm) and the brachial vein (median of 2.8
mm). 100% of volunteers had at least one vein that was equal to a 3 mm
diameter (which would allow for an 8F sheath), with 98% having 2
suitable veins and >80% having 3 suitable venous vessels.
More than 90 % had a suitable diameter for both the right and left
brachial artery. There was no correlation between BMI, height, weight,
but men had significantly larger basilic veins and brachial arteries
(p<0.05). Conclusion We demonstrate the anatomic evidence that
the vessels in the arm(s) are capable of housing the size of sheath
commonly used in the EP lab.
ASD Repair in Adolescent and Adult Patients, and Establishing a Heart Team in Low-Volume Centres: Should it be the Current Standard of Care?
Authors: Hani Amjad Bani , Salhiyyah Kareem , Salameh Mohammad Hasan , Abu-Abeleh Mahmoud , alsmady moaath , Fares Hala Abu , Rawashdeh Mohammad Al , Al-Ammouri Iyad
Published: April 2021

Objectives: A retrospective review of adolescent and adult patients with
Atrial Septal Defect (Secundum ASD) who underwent secundum ASD closure
by transcatheter closure (TCC) or surgery at Jordan University Hospital
(JUH). We seek to illustrate the importance of a multidisciplinary Heart
Team in low-volume centres, and report the experience and outcomes of
this approach. Methodology: A retrospective observational study of 42
patients who underwent secundum ASD closure by TCC or surgery at JUH. We
utilised the hospital’s electronic record system to attain patients’
information, and SPSS and Microsoft Excel were used to analyse the data.
Results: 42 patients with secundum ASD were treated during the period
between January 2015 and December 2019. The mean age of participants was
34.1 (± 14.3). A total of 34 patients underwent TCC, seven surgical
closure, and one a hybrid approach. There were no incidents of
mortality, but two minor morbidities were reported. After an average
follow-up period of 13.2-/+13.6 months, with a range of 1-47 months ,
most patients experienced an improvement in their symptoms. There was
also a significant reduction of the right ventricular dimension:
Conclusion: A Heart Team approach is necessary as the use of minimally
invasive cardiac surgery MICS and Transcatheter closure TCC continues to
advance. A Heart Team provides patients with a variety of safe and
cosmetic solutions that facilitate rapid management and recovery by
encouraging the merits and avoiding the complications of each modality.
Ultimately, the Heart Team allows low-volume centres to achieve
excellent outcomes.
Educação: fio condutor da superação das diferenças sociais no Brasil
Authors: Tavares Aureliana da Silva , Rodrigues Janine Marta Coelho
Published: April 2021

Atitude de intolerância é algo que está se agravando a cada dia em nosso meio social incluindo os espaços escolares. À medida que a sociedade se desenvolve novos grupos surgem com sua forma de pensar, agir e se relacionar e para isso a educação dever acompanhar tais mudanças. Assim, discutiremos a percepção sobre o preconceito no Brasil, desconstruindo estereótipos relacionados às raças e etnias vivenciadas no Brasil do século XXI. Ao longo do discurso apresentaremos algumas características da sociedade brasileira que transpõem o tema intolerância e a inclusão de todos na sociedade. As leis e documentos formais que oferecem subsídios da construção de uma sociedade mais inclusiva perpassaram pelo viés discursivo do texto. A luta por uma sociedade inclusiva que cresce desde o seio das escolas é um dos pontos fundamentais que defendemos e apresentamos no decorrer do artigo.
Effects of Gastric Bypass Surgery on the Brain; Simultaneous Assessment of Glucose Uptake, Blood Flow, Neural Activity and Cognitive Function during Normo- and Hypoglycemia
Authors: Almby Kristina E. , Lundqvist Martin H. , Abrahamsson Niclas , Kvernby Sofia , Fahlström Markus , Pereira Maria J. , Gingnell Malin , Karlsson F. Anders , Fanni Giovanni , Sundbom Magnus , Wiklund Urban , Haller Sven , Lubberink Mark , Wikström Johan , Eriksson Jan W.
Published: April 2021

While Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB)
surgery in obese individuals typically improves glycemic control and prevents
diabetes, it also frequently causes hypoglycemia. Previous work showed attenuated
counter-regulatory responses following RYGB. The underlying mechanisms as well
as the clinical consequences are unclear.

In this study, 11 non-diabetic
subjects with severe obesity were investigated pre- and post-RYGB during
hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamps. Assessments were made of hormones,
cognitive function, cerebral blood flow by arterial spin labeling, brain glucose
metabolism by FDG PET and activation of brain networks by functional MRI. Post-
vs pre-surgery, we found a general increase of cerebral blood flow but a
decrease of total brain FDG uptake during normoglycemia. During hypoglycemia, there
was a marked increase in total brain FDG uptake and this was similar for post-
and pre-surgery, whereas hypothalamic FDG uptake was reduced. During
hypoglycemia, attenuated responses of counterregulatory hormones and
improvements in cognitive function were seen post-surgery. In early
hypoglycemia, there was increased activation post- vs pre-surgery of neural networks
in CNS regions implicated in glucose regulation such as the thalamus and hypothalamus.
The results suggest adaptive
responses of the brain that contribute to lowering of glycemia following RYGB, and
the underlying mechanisms should be further elucidated.
STRATEGY FOR FORMING FAMILY VALUES IN THE THIRD MILLENNIUM UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF LIFELONG EDUCATION
Authors: SMOLONSKAIA ANNA N. , KOLESOV VLADIMIR I. , SHEVCHENKO NATALYA N. , VILKOVA ALEVTINA V. , KUZNETSOVA IRINA A.
Published: April 2021

The article substantiates the essence of the formation of family values among students in the third millennium in the context of lifelong education. The idea of the relationship of the family as a type of social and value unity of people and the importance of the purposeful formation of family values that underlie the socialization of the individual is carried out. It is argued that moral education in the context of building a continuous educational process is aimed at the formation of family values among students. Family values are considered as multifaceted, significant, timeless, comprehensible, aimed at forming, preserving and strengthening a modern family. A model of the students’ family values is determined, including approaches, principles and pedagogical conditions of moral education.
DYNAMICS OF LANGUAGE PROCESSES IN BELGIUM
Authors: DENISENKO IRINA YE.
Published: April 2021

The article reveals the content of the terms “borrowing”, “belgicism”, “regionalism” in the framework of the comparative study of the Belgian version of the French language and the metropolitan French language. The research focuses on the regionalisms in the Belgian version of the French language, which, along with the standard Belgian French, constitute an important part of the vocabulary, have special features in terms of content or expression in comparison with lexis of the metropolitan French language. The author focuses on the contextual analysis of the lexis in the Belgian French and the standard French language in order to identify the lexical and semantic features and dynamics of linguistic processes in the territory of French-speaking Belgium. In the course of the study, dictionaries of regionalisms and belgicisms were used; the main research method is comparative.
Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil of Origanum Majorana Lon a Few Bacteria and Fungi
Authors: Mehani Mouna
Published: April 2021

The objective of this study is to assess the fungal and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil (ET) of marjoram (Origanum majorana L.). This strategy can contribute to the sustainable development of our country. Preliminary tests performed on the essential oil of Origanum majorana showed that this oil has antibacterial activity vis-à-vis the bacterial strains (Enterococcus feacalis, Enterobacter cloaceai, Proteus microsilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and antifungic (Fusarium sporotrichioide and Fusarium graminearum). The culture medium used was nutrient broth Muller Hinton. The interaction between the bacteria and the essential oil is expressed by a zone of inhibition with diameters of MIC indirectly expression of. And we used the PDA medium to determine the fungal activity. The extraction of the aromatic fraction (essentially oil hydrolat) of the fresh aerian part of the Origanum majorana was performed by hydrodistillation. The average essential oil yield is 0.99%. The antimicrobial and fungal study of the essential oil and hydrosol showed a high inhibitory effect on the growth of pathogens.
Student with special needs and mathematics learning: A case study of an autistic student
Authors: Sabaruddin Sabaruddin , Mansor Rosnidar , Rusmar Irfan , Husna Fadila
Published: April 2021

The provision of mathematics for autistic students has not gained a special concern. In fact, many autistic children have good mathematical skills and some are even excellent. It imposes teachers to formulate and create effective strategies to teach autistic students. The purpose of this study was to determine teacher behavior and how to teach students with autism effectively. This study was designed as a qualitative case study research. It involved mathematics teacher, assistant teacher, student, and parents. Data were obtained through observations and interviews. The autistic student's attitude and behaviors during mathematics learning were investigated. It included examinations on the supporting and inhibiting factors in mathematics learning in a school for students with special educational needs/SLB. The result indicated that mathematics learning for students with autism as performed in inclusive education was different from regular education programs, in which teachers were required to adjust materials with students' psychological condition. It also revealed that the students had had focus issues; hence materials were mostly conveyed outside the lesson plan, particularly to introduce the basic material. The supporting factors included parents' motivation for the student to learn and behave appropriately and well-designed learning packages. Meanwhile, limited learning media and school facilities, as well as the absence of special teachers for students with autism, became the inhibiting factors for mathematics learning.
Contextual learning with Ethnomathematics in enhancing the problem solving based on thinking levels
Authors: Nur Andi Saparuddin , Waluya Stevanus Budi , Rochmad Rochmad , Wardono Wardono
Published: April 2021

The differences in the development of students' thinking levels, especially in adolescence, impact the way they perceive problems. Contextual learning with ethnomathematics can provide opportunities for students to develop problem-solving abilities based on their level of thinking. This study examined the contextual learning with ethnomathematics to enhance problem-solving abilities based on thinking levels.This experimental research was conducted by posttest only control group design. The participants of this research were 60 students at a junior high school in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province.Data were collected using observation sheets to determine local cultural characters that appeared at the time of treatment. The thinking level category uses the group assessment for logical thinking (GALT) test. The students' mathematical problem-solving abilities use the curved side space material to suit the local cultural context. The data analysis technique used descriptive statistics and covariance analysis (ANCOVA). This study results indicate that contextual learning with ethnomathematics influences problem-solving abilities based on the level of thinking. Furthermore, local cultural characters appear in each category of students' thinking levels. Students with formal thinking levels have better problem-solving abilities than transitional and concrete thinking levels. Contextual learning with ethnomathematics fosters problem-solving abilities based on the thinking levels
Teaching and learning process for mathematization activities: The case of solving maximum and minimum problems
Authors: Jupri Al , Usdiyana Dian , Sispiyati Ririn
Published: April 2021

One of the topics within the course of Essential Concepts in School Mathematics (ECSM) for prospective mathematics teachers concerns maximum and minimum problems. This type of problems requires mathematization, i.e., the activity of transforming a problem into a symbolic mathematics problem and of reorganizing within the mathematical system, in the solution process. This research aims to investigate the implementation of the learning and teaching process of the ECSM course that strengthen prospective mathematics teachers’  conceptual understanding and problem solving abilities through mathematization activities. To reach this aim, this qualitative study was conducted through an observation of the learning and teaching process, including the formative written assessment, for the case of maximum and minimum problems, involving 19 students of mathematics education program. The results of this study revealed that the learning and teaching process is implemented by emphasizing the use of a deductive approach. The written assessment showed students’ strategies and difficulties in dealing with maximum and minimum problems. Main difficulties included constructing visual representations and mathematical models in the mathematization processes. It can be concluded that the learning and teaching processes of the ECSM course need to be improved so as to develop better conceptual understanding and problem solving abilities through mathematization activities.
Are Discount Rates In Disarray In The First Year Adoption Of International Financial Reporting Standards?
Authors: Tran Manh Dung , Thuy Nguyen Thu
Published: April 2021

In calculating recoverable amount of cash generating units (CGUs) under the implementation of value in use approach, discount rate selection represents a central point in deciding the magnitude of impairment charges under Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standards (HKFRSs). The selection of discretion discount rate in the discounted cash flow model (DCF) could be used opportunistically to misstate impairment losses for the benefit of financial statement preparers and causes the transparency of the financial reports. This study is conducted to provide evidence of opportunistic behaviours relating on goodwill impairment by reporting statement preparers. By comparing independently estimated risk adjusted discount rates and those subjectively presented by large listed Hong Kong firms in the first year adoption of HKFRSs, the results showed that discount rates were presented in disarray, in which discount rates were more overstated than understated in comparison with scientifically generated ones.
Perfil dos pacientes atendidos no primeiro ano de funcionamento de uma unidade de terapia intensiva: um estudo retrospectivo
Authors: Gonçalves Allana Dupont , Evaldt Talía Da Silva , Comin Mariana Freitas , Gulbis Karina Cardoso , Dagostin Valdemira Santina , Tessmann Mágada
Published: April 2021

Introdução: A unidade de terapia intensiva é um setor onde o risco de morte é constante e há grande número de procedimentos de alta complexidade. Objetivos: Analisar o perfil dos pacientes internados na UTI de um hospital de um município no Extremo Sul Catarinense, após um ano de abertura do setor. Métodos: O estudo desenvolvido foi de abordagem quantitativa, do tipo descritivo, retrospectivo, com o uso do método documental e de campo. Foram incluídos no estudo, todos os prontuários de pacientes internados no primeiro ano de funcionamento de UTI (2019/2020), num total de 293 prontuários. Resultados: Realizada em uma UTI, composta por 10 leitos, sendo 2 de isolamento, com aparato tecnológico atual, sendo tecnologias de ponta. Mostraram que foram internados mais homens, com idade entre 60-74 anos, casados, alfabetizados e católicos, com sepse, com HAS e DM como comorbidades, originados na região dos municípios da região Carbonífera de Santa Catarina, a maioria em ventilação mecânica, em uso de vasodilatadores, com alta por melhora. Conclusão: Conhecer o perfil dos pacientes internados na UTI permite melhor planejamento do exercício profissional na promoção a saúde, prevenção ou recuperação.Palavras-chave: Unidade de terapia intensiva, perfil, pacientes, enfermagem Profile of patients treated in the first year of operation of an intensive care unit: a retrospective study ABSTRACTIntroduction: The intensive care unit is a sector where the risk of death is constant and there are many procedures of high complexity. Objective: To analyze the profile of patients admitted to the ICU of a hospital in a municipality in the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, after one year of opening of the sector. Methods: The study was conducted using a quantitative, descriptive, retrospective approach, using the documentary and field method. All medical records of patients admitted in the first year of ICU operation (2019/2020) were included in the study, totaling 293 medical records. Results: Performed in an ICU, composed of 10 beds, being 2 of isolation, with current technological apparatus, being state-of-the-art technologies. They showed that more men, aged between 60-74 years, married, literate and catholic, with sepsis, with SAH and DM as comorbidities, originated in the Carbonífera region of Santa Catarina state, the majority in mechanical ventilation, in use of vasodilators, with discharge for improvement. Conclusion: Knowing the profile of patients hospitalized in the ICU allows better planning of professional exercise in health promotion, prevention, or recovery.Keywords: Intensive care unit, profile, patients, nursing
Current Issues of Assessment and Ensuring Fire Safety of Lighting Products at the Warehouse Storage Facilities
Authors:   FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, Smelkov G.I. , Pekhotikov V.A. ,   FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, Ryabikov A.I. ,   FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, Nazarov A.A. ,   FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
Published: April 2021

The relevance of the publication is related to the high fire hazard of lighting products. Based on the analysis of fire statistics in the Russian Federation, it is shown that the lamps occupy the fifth place among all the types of electrical installations in terms of the number of fires, direct material damage from them, as well as the number of people perished. At the same time, the number of fires at storage facilities from electrical equipment for the period 2010–2019 is about 39 %, of which the lamps account for a third of all fires. One of the significant objective reasons for such unfavorable statistics is the large number of luminaires in operation at the facilities, as well as their wide assortment and many types of design on the application area. The article summarizes the experience of recent work carried out in the field of fire hazard research of various types of lamps used for the warehouse lighting in particular, the lamps with fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps, LED lamps and high-pressure gas discharge lamps. The physical and technical causes and possible mechanisms of ignition of these electrical products are shown. As a result of the conducted research on the example of the two most common types of lamps used in the storage facilities (with incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps) a method for calculating the probability of fires from these products is proposed, which is fully consistent with the requirements of the current GOST 12.1.004—91 and becomes particularly relevant in the development of standards regulating fire-fighting requirements for lamps instead of GOST 17677—82, which became invalid in the Russian Federation in 2020.
Online Human Risk Assessment at the Industrial Plants
Authors:   Detech, Simonenko S.I. , Sokolov L.A. ,   Detech
Published: April 2021

Risks of the employee unsafe behavior associated with their abilities and personal qualities are considered. The methodology is presented in the article concerning the risk assessment of unsafe behavior using online assessment by knowledge tests, ability tests and a professional personality questionnaire Deep Safety developed by Detech. The results of the employee online assessment are presented. The analysis of the criterion sample showed that the level of abilities and the level of expression of safety competencies affects both the number of cases of unsafe behavior and the overall results of work. A positive correlation was also found between the level of verbal intelligence and the propensity for safe behavior. Four safety competencies have the greatest correlation with the actual severity of safe behavior — they are law-abiding (following the rules), adherence to principles (intolerance to violations), responsibility, non-conflict. The first three of them have a positive correlation, while employees who are examples of safe behavior demonstrate a higher level of conflict. This can be explained by the fact that when they encounter violations or unsafe behavior, they openly point out this, suppress violations not being afraid to go to confrontation in the interests of ensuring safety. Online assessment is a fast and cost effective way of assessment, and, moreover, easily integrates with the professional tests and other assessment tools. We recommend that such an assessment be carried out in labor collectives with an interval of 1.5–2 years, which makes it possible to track the dynamics of indicators. One more advantage of this assessment system is that it allows not only to identify those who are prone to unsafe behavior, but to form the best strategy for interaction with the employee, to recruit labor collectives, in which, for example, the low law-abidingness of some employees would be compensated for by the high integrity of the manager and team-mates.
On the 75th Anniversary of the Beginning of the Nuremberg Trials and the Creation of the Nuremberg Code: Global Relevance and Enduring Lessons
Authors: Chuchalin AG , Sayamov YN
Published: April 2021

The article reveals the significance of the Nuremberg Trials for rethinking the moral foundations of medicine, investigates the role of the Nuremberg Code in the establishment of voluntary informed consent as a mandatory component of clinical trials and procedures and assesses the impact thereof on the international legal regulation of healthcare. The authors emphasize the importance of the Nuremberg lessons for understanding the ethical challenges that came into foreground in the 21st century due to the development of artificial intelligence, human genome editing technologies and the emergence of the new forms of parenting largely backed by the new reproductive technologies.
The inherent right to make a mistake (on informed consent)
Authors: Zorin NA
Published: April 2021

The Informed Consent (IC) procedure is considered as a legal construct, a product of liberal economics. As such, IC is a tool for shifting responsibility for the choice of intervention from the seller of health care services to the consumer and is a binding contract to avoid legal liability and all sorts of losses on both sides. The set of problems surrounding the IC can be explained by the significant difference between an experimental procedure (for which it was originally created) and everyday clinical practice. The application of the IC law has no mechanisms for its individual application because it fails to take into account the psychology of decision-making.
Nutritional status and risk of obesity in working-age men
Authors: Efimova NV
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to estimate the energy content, macronutrient intake and their impact on the somatometric parameters in older working-age men. A total of 284 men included in the study were asked to fill out the questionnaire and underwent a physical examination. Dietary patterns were studied using a 24h recall method. The following measurements were taken: body height and weight, waist and hip circumference. BMI was calculated. The participants were divided into 3 groups by the level of their physical activity (PA): low PA (energy expenditure 2300≤PA<2700 kcal/day), moderate PA (2700≤PA<3100), high PA (3100≤PA<4000). Of all study participants, 22.3% had normal BMI, 31.7% were generally obese, and 27.1% had abdominal obesity. Individuals with abdominal obesity made up 93.3±3.7% of the general obesity group. On average, energy intake was within the reference range for 60.3±2.9% of the participants, was higher than recommended in 21.7±2.4% of cases and below the recommended level in 17.9±2.3% of cases. The risk of obesity for individuals whose dietary energy intake exceeded the recommended levels was ОR=1.9 [1.05-3.67], χ2=2.7; р=0.05. The diet of subjects with BMI ≥ 30 had higher protein, cholesterol and starch content than in other groups. The high PA group was at risk of abdominal and general obesity (OR=3.6 [1.5-7.7], р=0.005 and OR=3.6 [1.5-7.7], р=0.005, respectively). In the low PA group, increased BMI was observed in 47.4±3.4% of the subjects, and 12.3±5.8% had abdominal obesity. Our findings may be useful for developing nutritional guidelines for the working-age population.