bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative perfusion analysis of the pancreas and duodenum in healthy dogs by use of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography
Authors: Johnson-Neitman Jennifer L. , O'Brien Robert T. , Wallace Johna D.
Published: February 2012

Objective—To investigate contrast-enhanced ultrasonography as a minimally invasive method for the subjective and quantitative assessment of pancreatic and duodenal perfusion in healthy adult dogs, with reference to perfusion in adjacent liver tissue.

Animals—8 clinically normal adult dogs.

Procedures—Contrast-enhanced ultrasonograms of the right pancreatic limb, proximal portion of the descending duodenum, and adjacent liver were acquired after IV administration of a microbubble contrast medium. Following subjective evaluation, quantitative time-intensity curves were generated from regions of interest in the pancreas, duodenum, and liver. Five contrast medium characteristics representing perfusion parameters were determined for each organ and used for statistical analysis: interval to arrival, inflow rate, peak intensity (PI), time of peak intensity (TPI), and outflow rate.

Results—Significant associations between pancreatic and duodenal values were found for interval to contrast medium arrival, PI, TPI, and outflow rate. Pancreatic and duodenal inflow rates were not correlated. Inflow and outflow rates were significantly faster and TPI significantly shorter for the pancreas and duodenum, compared with values for the liver. There was no significant difference among all 3 organs for interval to arrival and PI of contrast medium. Subjective evaluation findings corresponded to quantitative analysis results.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that contrast-enhanced ultrasonography may be a useful, minimally invasive method for evaluating pancreatic and duodenal perfusion in dogs. The data from healthy dogs reported here could aid in the assessment of pancreatic and duodenal conditions and their response to medical treatment.
Comparison of multi-detector row computed tomography with echocardiography for assessment of left ventricular function in healthy dogs
Authors: Henjes Christiane R. , Hungerbühler Stephan , Bojarski Iwona B. , Nolte Ingo , Wefstaedt Patrick
Published: February 2012

Objective—To evaluate the use of retrospectively ECG-gated, contrast-enhanced, multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) for assessment of left ventricular function in dogs and to compare the results with those obtained by use of 2-D and M-mode echocardiographc techniques.

Animals—10 healthy Beagles.

Procedures—Dogs underwent MDCT (performed by use of a 64-detector row CT system) and echocardiography under general anesthesia. Left ventricular end-systolic volume (ESV), end-diastolic volume (EDV), and ejection fraction (EF) were determined in MDCT-generated multiplanar reformatted images by use of Simpson and biplane area-length calculation methods. Results were compared with left ventricular ESV, EDV, and EF determined in echocardiographc images by use of Teichholz and bullet method calculations. Results were evaluated via Deming regression analysis and Pearson correlation tests. Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess limits of agreement and systematic errors between the 2 methods.

Results—Mean values for EDV and ESV determined by use of MDCT were highly correlated with those determined by use of echocardiography, regardless of the calculation methods compared (r = 0.91 to 0.96); volumes determined by use of MDCT appeared to be higher than those determined by use of echocardiography, although most differences were nonsignificant. Mean EF determined by use of MDCT with the Simpson calculation method was highly correlated with that determined by use of echocardiography with bullet method calculations (r = 0.90).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that assessment of left ventricular volume and function in dogs is feasible with MDCT. To estimate left ventricular EF with MDCT. use of the Simpson calculation method is advised.
Prevalence of perinuclear antineutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibodies in serum of healthy Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers in the United Kingdom
Authors: Wieland Barbara , Summers Jennifer F. , Häsler Barbara , Mancho-Alonso Carolina , Craig Amanda , Allenspach Karin
Published: February 2012

Objective—To estimate the prevalence of perinuclear antineutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibodies (pANCA) in the serum of healthy Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers (SCWTs) in the United Kingdom and to identify potential risk factors and heritability patterns associated with a positive result for pANCA.

Animals—188 SCWTs (age range, 18 months to 14.3 years).

Procedures—Blood samples were obtained from SCWTs in various locations in England. Serum was tested for pANCA by use of an immunofluorescence assay, and total protein and albumin concentrations were determined. Pedigrees were evaluated to identify close relatives that had protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) or protein-losing nephropathy (PLN).

Results—39 of 188 (20.7%) dogs, including young dogs, had positive results for pANCA. Dogs had significantly higher odds of having positive results for pANCA if they had at least 1 littermate that had PLE or PLN (odds ratio, 12.1) or if they had at least 1 full sibling from another litter known to be affected with PLE or PLN (odds ratio, 4.0).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—This study revealed a high prevalence of pANCA in the serum of a representative sample of healthy SCWTs in the United Kingdom and a significant association between positive results for pANCA and a diagnosis of PLE or PLN in a sibling.
Influence of exercise on the distribution of technetium Tc 99m medronate following intra-articular injection in horses
Authors: Dulin Jennifer A. , Drost W. Tod , Phelps Mitch A. , Santschi Elizabeth M. , Menendez Maria I. , Bertone Alicia L.
Published: February 2012

Objective—To determine the effects of exercise on the distribution and pharmacokinetics of technetium Tc 99m medronate (99mTc-MDP) following intra-articular (IA) injection in horses.

Animals—5 horses.

Procedures—1 antebrachiocarpal joint (ACJ)/horse was assigned to the exercised group (n = 5), and the contralateral ACJ was evaluated in the nonexercised group (5) after a minimum washout period of 7 days. Following IA injection of 99mTc-MDP (148 MBq), blood and scintigraphic images of the carpus were obtained at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 240, 360, 480, 600, 720, and 1,440 minutes. Plasma and scintigraphic radioactivity were determined over time, and pharmacokinetic parameters were generated via noncompartmental and compartmental analyses. Each horse was monitored via physical and lameness examination and ACJ synovial fluid analysis before injection and at days 1, 2, 3, and 7

Results—Lameness was not observed. Mean ± SD synovial fluid WBC count increased at day 1 (exercised, 721 ± 234 cells/μL; nonexercised, 948 ± 223 cells/μL), but returned to baseline at days 3 and 7 Mean time to maximum plasma radioactivity was earlier in the exercised group (16.00 ± 2.35 minutes) than the nonexercised group (43.75 ± 3.64 minutes). Linear regression of the scintigraphic radioactivity-time curves revealed a greater negative slope in the exercised group within the first 25 minutes. There was no difference in absorption or elimination rate constants in a 2-compartment model.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—IA injection of 99mTc-MDP was safe and effective for evaluating synovial solute distribution. Exercise significantly increased early transfer of 99mTc-MDP from the ACJ into plasma, although absorption and elimination rate constants were not affected. Exercise may affect synovial clearance and withdrawal times of medications administered IA.
HLA-DRA Polymorphisms associated with Risk of Nasal Polyposis in Asthmatic Patients
Authors: Kim Jeong-Hyun , Park Byung-Lae , Cheong Hyun Sub , Pasaje Charisse Flerida A. , Bae Joon Seol , Park Jong Sook , Uh Soo-Taek , Kim Yong-Hoon , Kim Mi-Kyeong , Choi Inseon S. , Choi Byoung Whui , Park Choon-Sik , Shin Hyoung Doo
Published: February 2012

Background

Nasal polyps, part of the aspirin triad symptoms, are edematous protrusions arising from the mucosa of the nasal sinuses. Although the causative factors and pathogenesis of the polyps are unknown, the significant effect of human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression in nasal polyps and genetic associations of the major histocompatibility complex class II, DR alpha (HLA-DRA) with immune-mediated diseases have been revealed.

Methods

To investigate the associations of HLA-DRA polymorphisms with nasal polyposis in asthmatic patients and in aspirin-hypersensitive subgroups, 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in a total of 467 asthmatic patients including 158 nasal polyp-positive and 309 polyp-negative subjects.

Results

Statistical analysis showed that four SNPs (p = 0.0005-0.02; Pcorr = 0.009-0.033) and one haplotype (p = 0.002; Pcorr = 0.029) were significantly associated with the presence of nasal polyposis in asthmatic patients. In further analysis, although significant signals disappeared after corrections for multiple testing, two HLA-DRA polymorphisms (rs9268644C>A, rs3129878A>C) were found to be potential markers for nasal polyp development in aspirin-tolerant asthma (p = 0.005 and 0.007, respectively) compared with the aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (p > 0.05) subgroup. In silico analysis predicted major “C” allele of rs14004C>A in 5’ -untranslated region as a potential binding site for regulatory glucocorticoid receptor. In addition, sequence nearby rs1051336G>A is suspected to be a pyrimidine-rich element that affects mRNA stability.

Conclusion

Despite the need for replication in larger cohorts and/or functional evaluations, our findings suggest that HLA-DRA polymorphisms might contribute to nasal polyposis susceptibility in patients with asthma
Usefulness of the Subjective Cold Hyperresponsiveness Scale as Evaluated by Cold Dry Air Provocation
Authors: Kim Young Hyo , Jang Tae Young
Published: February 2012

Background

There is still no study about the correlation between the symptom score and the reactivity to cold dry air (CDA). The authors developed a subjective cold hyperresponsiveness (SCH) scale for CDA and we evaluated its usefulness by comparing the changes of the symptom score and the acoustic parameters between different SCH groups and analyzing the correlation between the SCH scale and other parameters.

Methods

One hundred fifty-two patients were classified according to their SCH scale. The symptom score by the visual analog scale (VAS), the total nasal volume (TNV), and the minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) by acoustic rhinometry were obtained before and after CDA provocation. Changes of these values were compared between groups and an analysis was performed for the correlation between SCH scale and change of the VAS, TNV, or MCA.

Results

The patients with SCH grade 2 or 3 had a greater change of the VAS scores for nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea. The patients with SCH grade 2 or 3 had a greater change of the TNV (grade 0, 26.1 ± 17.2%; grade 1, 33.3 ± 26.5%, versus grade 2, 44.2 ± 30.0%; grade 3, 61.6 ± 40.0%; p < 0.05) and MCA (grade 0, 23.0 ± 25.3%; grade 1, 35.7 ± 51.1%, versus grade 2, 61.2 ± 72.4%; grade 3, 80.5 ± 56.4%; p < 0.05). Significant correlation existed between the SCH scale and changes in the TNV or MCA.

Conclusion

We developed the SCH scale and proved its usefulness for evaluating nonspecific hyperreactivity.
Management of Intractable Spontaneous Epistaxis
Authors: Rudmik Luke , Smith Timothy L.
Published: February 2012

Background

Epistaxis is a common otolaryngology emergency and is often controlled with first-line interventions such as cautery, hemostatic agents, or anterior nasal packing. A subset of patients will continue to bleed and require more aggressive therapy.

Methods

Intractable spontaneous epistaxis was traditionally managed with posterior nasal packing and prolonged hospital admission. In an effort to reduce patient morbidity and shorten hospital stay, surgical and endovascular techniques have gained popularity. A literature review was conducted.

Results

Transnasal endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation and arterial embolization provide excellent control rates but the decision to choose one over the other can be challenging. The role of transnasal endoscopic anterior ethmoid artery ligation is unclear but may be considered in certain cases when bleeding localizes to the ethmoid region.

Conclusion

This article will focus on the management of intractable spontaneous epistaxis and discuss the role of endoscopic arterial ligation and embolization as it pertains to this challenging clinical scenario.
IgE Reactivity Patterns in Patients with Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis to Ragweed and Mugwort Pollens
Authors: Canis Martin , Becker Sven , Gröger Moritz , Kramer Matthias F.
Published: February 2012

Background

Differential diagnosis between ragweed and mugwort pollen allergy represents a large clinical problem in areas where both plants are present. The aim of this study was to investigate ragweed- and mugwort-sensitized patients to identify specific IgE reactivity profiles. Results were correlated to clinical findings such as medical history and health-related quality of life (HRQL).

Methods

Seventy-four patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis between July and October were examined and underwent in vivo tests (skin-prick test [SPT] and nasal provocation). Sera were evaluated for IgE reactivity to mugwort and ragweed pollen extracts, major (Art v 1; Amb a 1) and minor (profilin and calcium-binding protein) allergens. HRQL was evaluated using a standardized questionnaire.

Results

Seventy-one patients revealed positive SPT reactivity against mugwort and 60 patients against ragweed extracts. Of these patients, 74 revealed IgE antibodies against mugwort extracts, whereas anti–Art v 1 antibodies were detectable in 50 individuals. Fifty-five patients showed IgE antibodies against natural ragweed extracts; anti–Amb v 1 antibodies were detected in six cases only. Using standardized clinical history and HRQL questionnaires we were not able to detect any differences within different reactivity patterns.

Conclusion

Within the investigated population of 74 weed-allergic patients the prevalence of true mugwort and ragweed sensitization can be calculated as 68 and 8%. High prevalence of ragweed sensitization when testing with full extracts can be explained by cross-reactivity between other weeds, e.g., mugwort rather than cosensitization. Differences in medical history and HRQL between different reactivity patterns were not detectable.
Bilateral Sphenopalatine Ganglion Blockade Improves Postoperative Analgesia after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: DeMaria Samuel , Govindaraj Satish , Chinosorvatana Nina , Kang Stanley , Levine Adam I.
Published: February 2012

Background

Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is a common procedure preferably done with an anesthetic technique ensuring effective postoperative analgesia while speeding discharge home. Although anesthesia administered locally in conjunction with vasoconstricting agents is known to minimize intraoperative bleeding, its usefulness in providing postoperative analgesia has not been well characterized. The results supporting the use of regional anesthesia for sinus surgery have also been limited. Using a randomized, double-blinded and placebo-controlled design, we evaluated recovery times, opioid consumption, and nausea and vomiting after ESS when patients were randomized to either general anesthesia (GA) alone or with regional blockade.

Methods

Subjects were 70 adults scheduled for sinus surgery. All participants underwent propofol/remifentanil/nitrous oxide anesthesia and similar intraoperative care. Patients received either GA alone or with sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) blocks in a double-masked study design. Independent observers recorded readiness for discharge, incidence of nausea/vomiting, and pain scores every 15 minutes until discharge. Overall opioid use in the recovery area was also a secondary end point. Twenty-four hours later, patients were called and asked to rate their pain and overall satisfaction with their pain control.

Results

Block group participants were considered ready for discharge after 45 minutes and discharged from the hospital ∼40 minutes sooner than GA group participants. The block group required less total fentanyl in the recovery room than did the A group. The incidences of nausea and vomiting did not differ significantly. Data at 24 hours postoperatively did not differ significantly between groups but trended toward increased satisfaction in the block group. No lasting adverse events were observed.

Conclusion

Regional anesthesia using targeted nerve blocks is effective in ESS. The combination of GA and SPG blockade appears to shorten hospital stay and reduce narcotic requirements in the recovery area. No demonstrable benefits were observed after 24 hours regarding pain management.
Global and Disease-Specific Health-Related Quality of Life after Complete Endoscopic Resection of Anterior Skull Base Neoplasms
Authors: Ransom Evan R. , Doghramji Laurel , Palmer James N. , Chiu Alexander G.
Published: February 2012

Background

Minimally invasive surgery for neoplasms of the anterior skull base has revolutionized the treatment of these diseases. The relative effect of endoscopic procedures, however, has not been described in terms of disease-specific and global health-related quality of life (QoL).

Methods

A single-center longitudinal study was performed of patients undergoing complete endoscopic resection of anterior skull base neoplasms. Patients presenting between October 2009 and September 2010 were enrolled. QoL assessments were based on the 22-question Sinonasal Outcomes Test (SNOT-22), Health Utilities Index Mark II (HUI-2), and Short-Form 12 (SF-12) and were completed preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Comparisons over time were made within subjects.

Results

Fourteen patients were enrolled; 11 completed preoperative and postoperative assessments (79%). Our cohort consisted of five men and six women; mean age was 55 years. Six patients had malignant tumors; four required adjuvant therapy. SNOT-22 scores were stable or improved in 10 cases (91%), with a significant difference for the cohort (mean, —33 points; p < 0.01). Ten (91%) patients had stable or improved HUI-2 scores (mean utility change, +0.13). SF-12 scores were stable for both mental (p = 0.17) and physical (p = 0.26) components. Mean quality-adjusted life year gain over the study period was 0.07.

Conclusion

Complete endoscopic resection of anterior skull base neoplasms is oncologically sound with anecdotal QoL improvements relative to open craniofacial resection. We show positive, quantifiable QoL results with validated global and disease-specific instruments. Additional work will help to improve outcomes in this population and will be used informal cost-effectiveness analysis.
Crenotherapy Modulates the Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Immunoregulatory Peptides in Nasal Secretions of Children with Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Passariello Annalisa , Di Costanzo Margherita , Terrin Gianluca , Iannotti Antonio , Buono Pietro , Balestrieri Umberto , Balestrieri Gianni , Ascione Enrico , Pedata Monica , Canani Francesco Berni , Canani Roberto Berni
Published: February 2012

Background

The effect of crenotherapy on major mucosal markers of inflammation, TNF alpha, human beta-defensins 2 (hBD-2), and calprotectin, are largely unexplored in pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of crenotherapy with sulfate-sodium-chloride water on mucosal markers of inflammation in children with CRS.

Methods

Children with CRS received 15-day crenotherapy consisting of sulfate-sodium-chloride thermal water inhalations by nasal aerosol (15 minutes/day). Concentrations of nasal mucosal markers of inflammation (TNF alpha, hBD-2, and calprotectin) were measured before and after crenotherapy. Presence of specific symptoms (nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, facial pain, sense of smell, and cough), value of symptoms score sino-nasal 5 (SN5), quality of life (QoL) score (1 [worse] to 10 [optimal]) were also assessed.

Results

After crenotherapy a significant reduction was observed in TNF alpha (from 0.14 ± 0.02 to 0.08 ± 0.01; p < 0.001), calprotectin (from 2.9 ± 1.0 to 1.9 ± 0.5; p < 9.001), and hBD-2 (from 2.0 ± 0.1 to 0.9 ± 0.6; p < 0.001) concentrations. A significant (p < 0.05) reduction in number of subjects presenting symptoms of nasal obstruction (100% versus 40%), nasal discharge (33% versus 13%), facial pain (30% versus 10%), and sense of smell (60% versus 20%) was observed. A significant improvement of SN5 (from 3.07 ± 0.76 to 2.08 ± 0.42; p < 0.001) was observed after the crenotherapy. QoL also improved after crenotherapy (from 4.2 ± 1.1 to 6.6 ± 1.0; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Crenotherapy induced a down-regulation of nasal mucosal inflammatory mediators in children with CRS.
Factors Associated with Allergen Sensitizations in Patients with Asthma and/or Rhinitis in China
Authors:   China Alliance of Research on Respiratory Allergic Disease (CARRAD), Li Jing , Huang Ying , Lin Xiaoping , Zhao Deyu , Tan Guolin , Wu Jinzhun , Zhao Changqing , Zhao Jing , Spangfort Michael D. , Lai Xuxin , Zhong Nanshan
Published: February 2012

Background

Allergen sensitization is influenced by genetic and environmental factors; however, the factors related to sensitizations in patients with rhinitis and asthma in China are largely unknown. This study investigated the factors associated with allergen sensitizations in patients with asthma and rhinitis in China.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was performed in 6304 patients with asthma and/or rhinitis from four regions of China. Patients completed a standardized questionnaire related to respiratory and allergic symptoms, family history of allergic diseases, smoking history, environmental exposure, and eating behaviors. They underwent skin-prick tests (SPTs) with 13 common aeroallergens. Blood samples were collected from 2268 of patients for specific IgE (sIgE) measurements against 16 common aeroallergens.

Results

Patients with both asthma and rhinitis had higher prevalence of SPT and sIgE positivity to most allergens than those with asthma or rhinitis alone (p < 0.0001). Male gender, family history of allergic rhinitis, air-conditioner usage, sleeping on a mattress, and frequently eating meat were associated with increased risk of SPT and sIgE positivity. Using air-conditioner and sleeping on a mattress were further found to be associated with sIgE positivity to mites and molds. However, increased age and fish, fruit, and raw vegetable intake decreased the risk of SPT and sIgE positivity.

Conclusion

Family history of allergic rhinitis, male gender, using an air conditioner, sleeping on a mattress, and frequent meat consumption are risk factors for allergen sensitizations, whereas increased age and frequent fish, fruit, and raw vegetable consumption may protect patients with asthma and/or rhinitis from developing sensitizations in China.
Polyurethane Organosilicate Nanocomposites as Blood Compatible Coatings
Authors: Chung Johnson H. Y. , Knetsch Menno L. W. , Koole Leo H. , Simmons Anne , Poole-Warren Laura A.
Published: February 2012

Polymer clay nanocomposites (NCs) show remarkable potential in the field of drug delivery due to their enhanced barrier properties. It is hypothesised that well dispersed clay particles within the polymer matrix create a tortuous pathway for diffusing therapeutic molecules, thereby resulting in more sustained release of the drug. As coatings for medical devices, these materials can simultaneously modulate drug release and improve the mechanical performance of an existing polymer system without introducing additional materials with new chemistries that can lead to regulatory concerns. In this study, polyurethane organosilicate nanocomposites (PUNCs) coated onto stainless steel wires were evaluated for their feasibility as blood compatible coatings and as drug delivery systems. Heparin was selected as the model drug to examine the impact of silicate loading and modifier chain length in modulating release. Findings revealed that better dispersion was achieved from samples with lower clay loadings and longer alkyl chains. The blood compatibility of PUNCs as assessed by thrombin generation assays showed that the addition of silicate particles did not significantly decrease the thrombin generation lag time (TGT, p = 0.659) or the peak thrombin (p = 0.999) of polyurethane (PU). PUNC coatings fabricated in this research were not cytotoxic as examined by the cell growth inhibition assay and were uniformly intact, but had slightly higher growth inhibition compared to PU possibly due to the presence of organic modifiers (OM). The addition of heparin into PUNCs prolonged the TGT, indicating that heparin was still active after the coating process. Cumulative heparin release profiles showed that the majority of heparin released was from loosely attached residues on the surface of coils. The addition of heparin further prolonged the TGT as compared to coatings without added heparin, but a slight decrease in heparin activity was observed in the NCs. This was thought to be from competitive interactions between clay-heparin that influenced the formation of the ternary complex between heparin, ATIII thrombin. In summary, the feasibility of using PUNC as drug delivery coatings was shown by the good uniformity in the coating, absence of by-products from the coating process, and the release of active molecules without significantly interfering with their activity.
Healing of patellar fractures in two kittens
Authors: Bush M. A. , Whiting C. , Langley-Hobbs S. J. , Hermer J. V.
Published: February 2012

Two kittens aged between four and five months were presented having sustained patellar fractures. In both cases, healing was subsequently documented radiographically; this has not been reported previously in the literature.

One kitten had bilateral patellar fractures – the symptomatic right stifle was treated with a pin and tension-band-wire which later failed, at which point partial patellectomy was performed. The fracture of the left patella was minimally displaced and was treated conservatively. A radiograph of the left patella taken eleven months after initial presentation showed complete healing of the fracture. The second case was treated surgically with a circumferential wire; healing of the fracture was demonstrated radiographically at twelve weeks postoperatively. Radiographic images taken five weeks postoperatively had shown some narrowing of the fracture gap.

These two cases demonstrate that bony union of patellar fractures can be documented, given a long enough duration of radiographic follow-up; circumferential wire was an effective treatment in a displaced fracture, and conservative treatment resulted in complete healing of a minimally displaced fracture.
Dive Tourism in Luganville, Vanuatu: Shocks, Stressors, and Vulnerability to Climate Change
Authors: Klint Louise Munk , Jiang Min , Law Alexandra , Delacy Terry , Filep Sebastian , Calgaro Emma , Dominey-Howes Dale , Harrison David
Published: February 2012

Luganville is a developing dive tourism destination region (DTDR) in Vanuatu, which relies on tourism. This article reports on the shocks and stressors faced by Luganville's dive tourism sector and climate change's exacerbation of these. The study's methodology was based on rapid rural
appraisal and case study principles, involving methods of semistructured interviews, group discussions, and personal observations. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Key shocks identified include cyclones, earthquakes, effect on demand due to media footage, and changes
to international flights. Main stressors were starfish outbreaks and environmental degradation. Unlike the indigenous communities, expatriates show little concern for the potential impact of climate change, presenting response challenges that must incorporate different perspectives to develop
effective adaptation options.
Precision Water Distribution Control of New Type Sewage Distributor
Authors: Hao Yi Shu , Ji Kai Shun , Liu Zong Yue
Published: February 2012

This paper focuses on the issues of uniform flow distribution control for sewage treatment devices. A novel method for uniform flow distribution was proposed, in which a new type sewage distributor employing two phrase stepper motors is integrated to replace the conventional one. The model of permanent magnet stepper motor is mainly discussed. A proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is designed for this new type distributor. The performance of general controlled system is simulated, compared by tuning the parameters. And the control system is evaluated in practical use.
Enterprise Green Supply Chain Management in Low-Carbon Economy Model
Authors: Zhu Ming Qiang , He Ya Bo
Published: February 2012

According to the definition of green supply chain management, giving its connotation in detail in low-carbon economy model. Analyzing the enterprise impact on the environment protection and sustainable development, reviewing the implementation of the green supply chain management in developed countries and regions enterprise in low-carbon economy model, studying on how to implement green supply chain management in the enterprise, and proposing our country developing the green supply chain management rapidly. Low-carbon economy requires the use of ecological rules to guide the human society and economic activities. Our country’s enterprise can enhance the benefit unceasingly and can make a greater contribution to our country economic and social development.
The Development of Engine Cylinder Pressure Intelligent Micro Detection System
Authors: Zhong Bao Hua
Published: February 2012

Basing the development engine cylinder intelligence examination of the pressure micro system to blend a technique according to the information, adopting the microprocessor chip AduC812 in order to develop terrace, launching the cylinder pressure cold booting, rates, and start electric current etc., according the test of the parameter, combine a proof for logically judge to launch the engine cylinder piston set and start to fasten of break down. This paper introduces the design work of hardware which launches the machine cylinder pressure micro system, and combines a solid example to carry on an experiment, compares the engine of starting break down
Vertical Shaft Impact Crusher Wear Analysis and Research on Antiwear Measures
Authors: Wu Yu Yin
Published: February 2012

Analysing the wear characteristics and features of vertical shaft impact crusher in the use of the principles of Tribology. Obtain the wear types and mechanism. Summarizes the factors which impact wear and tear, life and reliability. By selecting appropriate material and structure to optimize two respects its anti-wear measures were studied. Put forward to solve the method of reducing the wear problem.
A Systematic Way of Choosing the Components of HEV and Optimization of Power Management Strategy for Real City Driving Condition
Authors: Chen Chen , Li Jun
Published: February 2012

To improve the fuel economy of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs)，it is necessary to propose a framework which contains choosing the driveline structure, sizing components and optimizing the control strategy. By analyzing the operating character of the bus through the data from real road we find out the suitable components in the HEV driveline. Then the simulation models are built up. The PNGV systems analysis toolkit (PSAT) models are used to simulate the HEV. Subsequently optimization is performed to achieve the minimum fuel consumption. Finally the optimized parameters which mainly consider the engine start power, the engine operating area are found. The bench test results prove that the methods that we use are available.
Design of the Remote Environment Monitoring System Based on Virtual Instrument
Authors: Sun Rong Chun , Son Xue
Published: February 2012

Environment monitoring technology is widely applied in industry, agriculture and other fields. Engineers usually need to integrate multiple measurement devices to complete a monitoring tusk, and make these different devices to be connected, which always spend a lot of time. Based on virtual instrument development platform, this paper described how to achieve the temperature and humidity data collection via the data acquisition card, sensors and PC, and realized the real-time display on the remote client through the DataSocket technology. The test results show that the system has the advantages of convenient operation, high intelligence and high accuracy, compared with the traditional instruments.
Prediction on Number of Agricultural Pumps in Henan Province of China Based on BP Neural Network
Authors: Li Jian Wei , Wang Xiu Shan , Tang Yu Gui
Published: February 2012

To understanding future market conditions of agricultural pumps in Henan province, need to predict numbers of agricultural pumps at each year-end. Expatiated the principle of prediction based on BP neural network, and constructed the model of prediction. The BP neural network was trained with normalized statistical data of agricultural pumps in Henan province from 1990 to 2010, and gained parameters of the neural network. Test shows the model has high predictive precision. The average absolute value of predicted relative errors is 1.333%. Numbers of agricultural pumps at each year-end in Henan province of China from 2011 to 2015 were predicted, and the trend was also presented.
A Modification of Adaptive Control and Synchronization of a New Hyper-Chaotic System with Unknown Parameters
Authors: Cheng Yu Liang , Lei Jun Wei , Zhang Wen Guang
Published: February 2012

A modification to the parameter estimation update law in [Q. Jia, Adaptive control and synchronization of a new hyper chaotic system with unknown parameters, Phys. Lett. A 362 (2007) 424] is proposed. So the unknown parameters are avoided to be used to construct a controller and also numerical simulation is done at the end of this paper and good performance is achieved to testified the rightness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Forward Kinematics Analysis of a Multi-Axis Linkage Wire-Cutting Robot Based on ADAMS
Authors: Jiang Yong Cheng , Zhang Cheng Long , Sun Zhong Wei , Xie Feng Wei , Zhang Zhi Feng
Published: February 2012

In order to expand the processing methods of the space complex curved surface parts, serial robots are introduced into the wire-cutting processing field and multi-axis linkage equipment is presented, that using the serial robot arm to replace the linear cutting machine table and its affiliates. A mathematical model of the multi-axis linkage series wire-cutting robot is built and its virtual prototype is built based on ADAMS/View, and the forward kinematics analysis is carried out. The results show that the mechanical structure of the robot is reasonable. This way has important significance to the rapid design and manufacturing of a multi-axis linkage wire-cutting robot.
Comparison of Residual Stress Between MIG Welding and Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Wang Lei , Tsunori Mitsuyosi
Published: February 2012

Residual stress distribution plays a very important role in welded structures, the aim of present work is to find out the effect of different welding methods on the residual stress distribution by means of neutron diffraction measurements and FE models simulation. 4 mm thick DH-36 steel plates were butt welded by MIG welding process and 5 mm thick AA 2024 aluminium alloy plates were butt welded by friction stir welding process. Results show that residual stresses of MIG welding process are higher than those of friction stir welding process. The peak residual stress of MIG weld is close to the room temperature uniaxial yield strength of DH-36 while the peak residual stress of friction stir weld is just about 50% of the room temperature uniaxial yield strength of AA2024. The size effect of MIG welded and effect of welding speeds of friction stir welded on the residual stress distribution have also been studied in the paper.
An Improvement of PISS Integral Sliding Mode Control of Supersonic Missiles
Authors: Liang Guo Qiang , Lei Jun Wei , Shi Xian Jun
Published: February 2012

Considering the pitch channel simplified model of supersonic missile system, a integral type of sliding surface is constructed with the error of overload and the integration of error and the angle speed signal. Base on the linear sliding mode, a simple PS adaptive integral sliding mode controller is designed In order to improve the performance of the proposed method, two improvements also proposed. Finally, a hybrid PISS adaptive control is formed which contains proportion control, integration control, the sign function and soft function.
Based on Genetic Algorithm Research of Stocker Picking Shortest Path
Authors: Wan Fu Cai , Chen Duo , Wu Yong Qiang
Published: February 2012

This paper analyzes characteristics of automated warehouse stocker picking operating process. Path optimization problem is considered as traveling salesman problem. The coordinates of picking points by calculating determine a stocker running route. The mathematical model of a path distance is built. And using the improved genetic algorithm solves the above problem. Finally, M-file program of stocker running path optimization is written and run in MATLAB. The simulation results that, in solving stocker path optimization problem, it can search for a shortest path by genetic algorithm. Thereby enhance the efficiency of automated warehouse system, increase greater benefits of the enterprise.
A Cognitive Access Selection Approach for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks Based on Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Wang Zhen Dong , Wang Hui Qiang , Feng Guang Sheng , Chen Xiao Ming , Zhu Qiang
Published: February 2012

At present, lots of work focus on spectrum allocation of wireless networks, and pay little attention about optimization network access. In this paper, we propose a cognitive access selection approach of heterogeneous wireless networks based on fuzzy logic. By means of established access selection factors and its membership functions(MFs), we can access optimal network using presupposition fuzzy rules according to service types. Finally, simulation experiments shown the approach is effective.
Study on CFD Solution Method for Static Characteristics of Hybrid Oil Film Bearing
Authors: Li Da Ying
Published: February 2012

Reynolds equation is the fundamental equation to solve the static performance for sleeve bearings. For hydrodynamic and hydrostatic oil film bearing with three oil recesses, the specific expressions of the fluid mechanics lubrication Reynolds equation are presented. The gridding model of the bearing is proposed, the boundary condition of the bearing is set, the static characteristics are solved and the pressure distribution of the bearing is plotted by using FLUENT software. The computation results from FLUENT are considerably accordance with the computation results from finite difference method.
Calibration of Hydraulic Model in Rea-Life Water Distribution System
Authors: Zhang Wei Wei , Yu Guo Ping , Bai Miao Shun
Published: February 2012

The most uncertain input parameters that often considered for calibration in water distribution system hydraulic model are pipe roughness coefficients and nodal demands. Both pipe roughness coefficients and nodal demands are considered to be calibrated in the calibration process, which works alternately. The calibration model was formulated as a constrained optimization problem. The entire head losses under different loading conditions are introduced in the objective function to guide the calibration direction, which can make consistent calibration effects on different loading conditions. The calibration model uses real-coded genetic algorithm along with a general network solver (EPANET 2.0) to adjust pipe roughness coefficients and nodal demands multipliers until the preset criteria are meet. The approach was applied in the calibration of a real-life water distribution system hydraulic model in China, which takes three loading conditions (max, min and average hour) into consider. The results show that the approach works well in achieving good calibration results, which match field observation in a reasonable level and meet engineering requirements.
Ab Initio Study of the Phonon Frequency, Electrical and Thermal Properties of TiN
Authors: Tan Xin , Li Yu Qing , Liu Xue Jie
Published: February 2012

With a motivation to understand microscopic aspects of TiN relevant to the electronic structure, phonon and thermal properties of transition metal nitride TiN superlattices, we determine its electronic structure, phonon spectra and thermal properties using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory with a generalized gradient approximation of the exchange correlation energy. We find that the electronic bands crossed by EF are half occupied, TiN has the ability of taking part in chemical reactions and also has the surface activity; A large gap in its phonon spectra, anomalies in the phonon dispersion of metallic TiN, manifested as dips in acoustic branches, but it do not contain soft modes in any direction; The specific heat (Cv) of TiN rises rapidly at low temperatures, the Cv values of the material, is identical to the Dulong-Petit value at high temperatures. Under the quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA), the thermal expansion, specific heat and bulk modulus B(T) are obtained, and the B(T) decreases along with the increase of temperature.
Research on Temperature Test System Based on LabVIEW
Authors: Guo Bing , Ren De Qi
Published: February 2012

As it is difficult to measure the temperature accurately under actually environment, this paper develops a virtual temperature measurement system based on LabVIEW. The system consists of AD590 temperature sensor and virtual instrument, and the properties and structure of AD590 is discussed in this paper. In addition, we do some research on the measurement method, and use soft filter and Normalized method to remove noise and improve the measurement accuracy. The structure and soft system of the virtual instruments system are designed and a high value measurement system is achieved using the resources of the virtual instruments. The experimental results have shown that the system can satisfy the accurate requirement in harsh condition.
The Application of Electric Current Detection Based on Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory
Authors: Liang Qing Yang , Sun Zhe , Zhang Chen Fei
Published: February 2012

The harmonic problem of power grid is very serious in many countries. The use of a nonlinear load makes electric energy quality of transmission and transformation system worse. Active power filter, as harmonic wave of power system, has developed rapidly in recent years. This article has make analysis on influence and damage of present power system harmonic & reactive power on power system; stated the basic theory of detection approach which is based on instantaneous reactive power and harmonic dynamic; analyzed harmonic detection improvement methods based on instantaneous reactive power.
Research of FRFT Rotation Factor Sensitivity and Diffusion Based on Audio
Authors: Jin Jian Guo , Chen Chen , Wei Ming Jun , Xia Li Chun
Published: February 2012

As the fractional Fourier transform has advantages in signal processing areas, it has been used more and more in various fields. Based on audio data sources, the paper analyzed the rotation factor sensitivity and diffusion of fractional Fourier transform. System test results show that the fractional Fourier transforms rotation factor sensitivity Δα≥10-3. It plays an important role in the area of attacking chaos. Diffusion analysis shows that it will lead to the complete failure of inverse transform to restore the original signal, when any element cn of fractional Fourier domain changes 0.2 times plus or minus greater than the original data.
An Efficient Distance and Density Based Outlier Detection Approach
Authors: Zhong Xun Biao , Huang Xiao Xia
Published: February 2012

In order to solve the density based outlier detection problem with low accuracy and high computation, a variance of distance and density (VDD) measure is proposed in this paper. And the k-means clustering and score based VDD (KSVDD) approach proposed can efficiently detect outliers with high performance. For illustration, two real-world datasets are utilized to show the feasibility of the approach. Empirical results show that KSVDD has a good detection precision.
Survey on Collaborative Awareness Model for CSCW and Trends of the New Age
Authors: Wang Jing , Chu Da Wei
Published: February 2012

Currently Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) has become an important area of research in computer science. The main purpose of CSCW system is to support people interact cooperation, and collaborative awareness between users must be the basis for multi-user collaborative work, and each user's behavior or the operation of the shared object should be immediately perceived by other users. Therefore, collaborative awareness is one of the key issues to be resolved in CSCW system. In this paper, collaborative awareness models are the object of study, and we discussed the collaborative awareness models respectively based on space, role and event, and a lot of critical theories and techniques about them. The analysis of existing theory helped us to further understand various collaborative awareness models, to study the development trend of them, and establish the appropriate framework for collaborative awareness.
Efficient Data-Parallel Algorithm for Elevation Color Generation in Terrain Rendering
Authors: Zhou Zheng Kang , Wang Jian , Zhao Hua Cheng
Published: February 2012

With the ever increasing resolution of scanned elevations, the efficiency of terrain rendering is still unsatisfactory in three-dimensional visualization. In order to improve the speed of terrain rendering, we had studied the root cause of the undesirable visualization efficiency in Visual Terrain Project, and found that one of the performance limitations was elevation color generation step. Therefore, we proposed a modified algorithm on the basis of data parallel mode, which can be well performed on GPU. Experimental results show that application performance is raised significantly by data parallel algorithm, and the improved algorithm can obtain satisfactory simulation results via CUDA.
The Design of Unified Identity Authentication and Single Point Login System
Authors: Yang Yu Jing
Published: February 2012

The single point login and unified the identity authentication of the existing schemes of further research, realize the campus network based on single point login and unified SAML(Security Assertion Markup Language)identity authentication system. Digital campus requirements before the application of various independent integration system, so first must undertake unity identity authentication, such, users in the visit of the campus network resources and application system, just log on a campus network, can be achieved in the user rights within the entire network roaming and avoid a repeat of the user login and information redundancy.
Steel Tube AS/RS Shelf Structure Design and System Layout
Authors: Liu Wei Min , Zheng Ai Yun , Lu Chun Guang , Tang Yan
Published: February 2012

In this paper we present a supporting roller producing steel tube AS/RS (Automated Storage & Retrieval Systems) system based on the finite element analyzing of shelf structure and logistics optimizing of system layout. The cantilever beam structure of steel tube AS/RS shelf is different from normal type and the strength of shelf is one key point in design. Based on the data of raw/residual steel tubes, we first set the dimension and type of the shelf and beams, and then the finite element analysis is used in single beam design and whole shelf structure strength analysis. Based on the characteristics of steel tube manufacture and the requirements of processes connection, one U type production line is given. The practical application indicates that the mechanical strength, logistics efficiency and flexibility of the AS/RS system we designed accord the needs of manufacture.