bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulations of molecular photodynamics in long timescales
Authors: Mukherjee Saikat , Pinheiro Max , Demoulin Baptiste , Barbatti Mario
Published: March 2022

Nonadiabatic dynamics simulations in the long timescale (much longer than 10 ps) are the next challenge in computational photochemistry. This paper delimits the scope of what we expect from methods to run such simulations: they should work in full nuclear dimensionality, be general enough to tackle any type of molecule and not require unrealistic computational resources. We examine the main methodological challenges we should venture to advance the field, including the computational costs of the electronic structure calculations, stability of the integration methods, accuracy of the nonadiabatic dynamics algorithms and software optimization. Based on simulations designed to shed light on each of these issues, we show how machine learning may be a crucial element for long time-scale dynamics, either as a surrogate for electronic structure calculations or aiding the parameterization of model Hamiltonians. We show that conventional methods for integrating classical equations should be adequate to extended simulations up to 1 ns and that surface hopping agrees semiquantitatively with wave packet propagation in the weak-coupling regime. We also describe our optimization of the Newton-X program to reduce computational overheads in data processing and storage.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Chemistry without the Born–Oppenheimer approximation’.
Quantum dynamics with curvilinear coordinates: models and kinetic energy operator
Authors: Marsili Emanuele , Agostini Federica , Nauts André , Lauvergnat David
Published: March 2022

In order to simplify the numerical solution of the time-dependent or time-independent Schrödinger equations associated with atomic and molecular motions, the use of well-adapted coordinates is essential. Usually, this set of curvilinear coordinates leads to a Hamiltonian operator that is as separable as possible. Although their corresponding kinetic energy operator (KEO) expressions can be derived
analytically
for small systems or special kinds of coordinates, a
numerical
and
exact
approach allows one to compute them in terms of sophisticated curvilinear coordinates. Furthermore, the
numerical
approach enables one to easily define reduced-dimensionality or constrained models. We present here a recent implementation of this
numerical
approach that allows nested coordinate transformations, therefore leading to great flexibility in the definition of the curvilinear coordinates. Furthermore, this implementation has no limitations in terms of numbers of atoms or coordinate transformations. The quantum dynamics of the cis–trans photoisomerization of part of the retinal chromophore illustrates the construction of the coordinates and KEO part of a three-dimensional model.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Chemistry without the Born–Oppenheimer approximation’.
Machine Learning techniques for the diagnosis of Schizophrenia based on Event Related Potentials
Authors: Febles Elsa Santos , Ortega Marlis Ontivero , Sosa Michell Valdés , Sahli Hichem
Published: March 2022

Antecedent

The diagnosis of schizophrenia could be enhanced with objective neurophysiological biomarkers, such as the event related potential features in conjunction with machine learning procedures. A previous work extracted features from event related responses to three oddball paradigms (auditory and visual P300, and mismatch negativity) for the discrimination of schizophrenic patients. They used several classifiers: Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Adaboost and Random Forest. The best accuracy was obtained with Random Forest (84.7%).

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of Multiple Kernel Learning classifiers and Boruta feature selection method exploring different features for single-subject classification between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls.

Methods

A cohort of 54 schizophrenic subjects and 54 healthy control subjects were studied. Three sets of features related to the event related potentials signal were calculated: Peak related features, Peak to Peak related features and Signal related features. The Boruta feature selection algorithm was used to evaluate its impact on classification accuracy. A Multiple Kernel Learning algorithm was applied to address schizophrenia detection.

Results

We obtained a classification accuracy of 83% using Multiple Kernel Learning classifier with the whole dataset. This result in accuracy triangulates previous work and shows that the differences between schizophrenic patients and controls are robust even when different classifiers are used. Appling the Boruta feature selection algorithm a classification accuracy of 86% was yielded. The variables that contributed most to the classification were mainly related to the latency and amplitude of the auditory P300.

Conclusion

This study showed that Multiple Kernel Learning can be useful in distinguishing between schizophrenic patients and controls. Moreover, the combination with the Boruta algorithm provides an improvement in classification accuracy and computational cost.
Closed-loop stimulation of lateral cervical spinal cord in upper-limb amputees to enable sensory discrimination
Authors: Nanivadekar Ameya C. , Chandrasekaran Santosh , Helm Eric R. , Boninger Michael L. , Collinger Jennifer L. , Gaunt Robert A. , Fisher Lee E.
Published: March 2022

Modern myoelectric prosthetic hands have multiple independently controllable degrees of freedom, but require constant visual attention to use effectively. As we know from motor control of our native limbs, somatosensory feedback is essential to control our movements and provides information not available through vision alone. Similarly, stimulation of the nervous system can potentially provide artificial somatosensory feedback to reduce the reliance on visual cues to efficiently operate prosthetic devices. We have shown previously that epidural stimulation of the lateral cervical spinal cord can evoke tactile sensations perceived as emanating from the missing arm and hand in people with upper-limb amputation. In this study, two subjects with upper-limb amputation used this somatotopically-matched tactile feedback to discriminate object size and compliance while controlling a prosthetic hand. With less than 30 minutes of training each day, both subjects were able to use artificial somatosensory feedback to perform a subset of the discrimination tasks at a success level well above chance. Subject 1 was consistently more adept at determining object size (74% accuracy; chance: 33%) while Subject 2 achieved a higher accuracy level in determining object compliance (60% accuracy; chance 33%). In each subject, discrimination of the other object property was only slightly above or at chance level suggesting that the task design and stimulation encoding scheme are important determinants of which object property could be reliably identified. Our observations suggest that artificial somatosensory feedback provided via spinal cord stimulation can be readily used to infer information about the real-world with minimal training, but that task design is critical and that performance improvements may not generalize across tasks.
Facebook and the creation of the metaverse: radical business model innovation or incremental transformation?
Authors: Kraus Sascha , Kanbach Dominik K. , Krysta Peter M. , Steinhoff Maurice M. , Tomini Nino
Published: March 2022

Purpose

In a move characterized by ambiguity, Facebook changed its name to Meta in October 2021, announcing a new era of social interaction, enabled by the metaverse technology that appears poised to become the future center of gravity for online social interactions. At first glance, the communicated change signals a radically new business model (BM) based on an unprecedented configuration of the three following components: value creation, value proposition and value capture. The purpose of this paper is to analyze Facebook’s announced changes in its BM to clarify whether the change is as radical as communicated or rather represents an incremental transformation of the current BM.

Design/methodology/approach

This investigation adopted an in-depth case study research method. The process included using a structured approach to collect 153 data points, including academic studies and publicly available information, followed by qualitative content analysis.

Findings

The results of our analysis of Facebook’s entrepreneurial journey indicate that the communicated strategic refocusing does not correspond to a radical BM innovation pattern. Even though Facebook’s BM might evolve into the innovation phase, as the current changes appear very futuristic, the authors estimate that the core elements of the BM will change incrementally. The investigation indicates that the underlying logic of the straightforward communicative efforts primarily serves two purposes: to improve the external perception of the company and to disseminate an internal change signal within the organization.

Originality/value

This paper is the first study that takes an entrepreneurship and BM perspective in analyzing Facebook’s approach in rebranding to Meta and refocusing its strategy on building the metaverse. The academic and practical relevance, as well as the potential future impact on business and society, makes the investigation of this case an intriguing prospect. Additionally, the study illuminates the difference between the communicated vision and the real impact on the business, suggesting critical questions about future large-scale rebranding efforts and their effects.
Business school model of social responsibility and sustainability and its impact on small- and mid-sized enterprises
Authors: Ramirez Lozano Julianna Paola , Rojas Valdez Kelly , Marquina Feldman Percy
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study aims to define a business school model of social responsibility (SR) and sustainability and describe how the implementation of this model impacts on small- and mid-sized enterprises (SME) and stakeholders in the chain.

Design/methodology/approach

The model was built based on a conceptual analysis about the literary and documentary review in recognized databases of scientific publications and models of SR, accreditations and impact and quality report systems of business schools. The implementation of the model was based on a project that involved Peruvian SME. Data were collected through surveys administered to the study population. The results were confirmed through in-depth interviews. Analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive-analytical methods were used to present the SR model.

Findings

This model focused on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), partnerships and solved relevant social and economic problems. It also allowed the growth of the micro entrepreneur, the family, the company, the society and other stakeholders in the chain.

Research limitations/implications

The model was validated in one business school but generated more results than the expected. It is recommended to replicate it in other organizations. It has been developed in pandemic and post-pandemic situations.

Practical implications

The model was based on many impact models that considered the SDGs and relevant alliance generation that involved stakeholders in the chain. It also contributed to the development of entrepreneurs and the society.

Social implications

The model benefited people, society and companies. The program aimed to train and formalize entrepreneurs and generate social and economic development.

Originality/value

This study allowed moving from theory to practice in topics of SR and sustainability. The main original aspect is that the model was based on the Unión de Responsabilidad Social Universitaria Latino Americana model; the Business Graduates Association, European Quality Improvement System, Business school Impact System, Global Reporting Initiative standards, the Responsible Business Conduct and the SDGs.
Examining the key factors influencing loyalty and satisfaction toward the smart factory
Authors: Jo Hyeon
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the roles of perceived usefulness, top management support and information technology (IT) infrastructure in developing user satisfaction and loyalty in the context of smart factory.

Design/methodology/approach

This study gathered the data through a survey of 161 smart factory workers in South Korea. A partial least squares analysis was used to test the measurement and structural models.

Findings

The results show that perceived usefulness positively influences satisfaction. In addition, IT infrastructure significantly affects both satisfaction and loyalty. Finally, system quality has a positive impact on perceived usefulness.

Research limitations/implications

IT infrastructure facilitates the level of satisfaction and loyalty. System quality enhances the satisfaction via perceived usefulness. Researchers need to examine the nature of IT infrastructure and system quality that will foster satisfaction and loyalty. Future studies can examine the segmented constructs of IT infrastructure to understand the role of IT infrastructure more comprehensively.

Practical implications

Firms should invest more in IT infrastructure and pay attention to elevate the level of system quality of smart factory. This research provides managers with guidance concerning how IT infrastructure of firms and system quality of smart factory have positive effects on satisfaction and loyalty.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the extant literature on information system (IS), project management, organizational innovation and industrial marketing. This research incorporated system factors, top management support and IT infrastructure to understand satisfaction and loyalty of IS users in the context of smart factory. The findings offer a useful view for integrating insights from different research streams.
Knowledge integration and entrepreneurial firms’ frugal innovation in the service industry
Authors: Wang Changyu , Li Xiaolin
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine how knowledge integration influences entrepreneurial firms’ frugal innovation in the service industry. This study builds a moderated mediation framework to investigate the effect of knowledge integration on frugal innovation via entrepreneurial bricolage and under moderations of competitive intensity and government support.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a two-wave survey study among 278 entrepreneurial firms from the service industry in China.

Findings

The findings reveal that knowledge integration positively influences entrepreneurial firms’ frugal innovation via entrepreneurial bricolage. Competitive intensity strengthens both the direct effect of knowledge integration on entrepreneurial bricolage and the indirect effects of knowledge integration on frugal innovation via entrepreneurial bricolage. Government support buffers the effect of entrepreneurial bricolage on frugal innovation but does not influence the indirect effect of knowledge integration on frugal innovation.

Practical implications

This study advocates for managers in entrepreneurial firms to cultivate knowledge integration to improve frugal innovation through activating entrepreneurial bricolage strategy and to pay attention to competitive intensity and government support in the transformation process from knowledge integration to frugal innovation.

Originality/value

While the link between knowledge integration and frugal innovation of entrepreneurial firms in the service industry remains unexplored in the fields of knowledge and innovation management, this study contributes to the knowledge and innovation management literature by exploring the mediating role of entrepreneurial bricolage based on a knowledge-based view and the moderation roles of competitive intensity and government support in this relationship.
Configuring the governance and management of strategic networks for higher performance
Authors: Wegner Douglas , Dias Marcelo Fernandes Pacheco , Azevedo Ana Cláudia , Marconatto Diego Antonio Bittencourt
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Although the governance and management of networks are deeply intertwined, there is a lack of empirical studies on how strategic networks (SNs) configure both realities for higher performance. This paper aims to analyze the array of governance and management sets adopted by high-performing SNs.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors bridge the research gap by using qualitative comparative analysis on the governance (decision-making process, formalization, specialization, incentives and control) and management (strategy, structure, processes and leadership) dimensions of 73 Brazilian SNs.

Findings

The authors found that high-performing SNs adopt one of two governance/management configurations. “Piloted SNs” rely on specialized working teams, have structured decision-making processes and avoid using incentives. Conversely, “atomized SNs” run on incentives and control while eschewing specialization and rigid decision-making procedures. The authors also found that both configurations adopt formal procedures and leverage all four management dimensions.

Originality/value

The study’s results offer pathways for SNs to increase their performance and attract new members, as well as insights into the theory of SN governance.
Creation of organizational knowledge through a model of standardization of production systems in the paper industry
Authors: Soares Ademir de Jesus , Pereira Reinalda Blanco , Baldam Roquemar de Lima , de Francisco Antonio Carlos
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to propose a standardization model that contributes to the creation of organizational knowledge in the paper industry. This study was oriented to answer the question: how to create organizational knowledge through the standardization model of the paper industry’s production system?

Design/methodology/approach

This research was applied in the main production unit of the paper organization. The data were collected through the analysis of documents, systems and routines of the researched unit. In the research, the observation technique and direct documentation were used. For the operationalization of the research, the following phases were carried: understanding of the applied standardization model, literature review on the research topics, formulation of a standardization model and application of the model.

Findings

A model of standardization of production processes that contributes to the creation of organizational knowledge, in which a correlation of all its stages with the Knowledge conversion modes was found and validated through an applied research in the industry.

Research limitations/implications

This study is applied in a paper industry. In the survey, there is no comparison with other companies. The adaptation of the study in other industries and organizations can increase knowledge about the connection of standardized systems with knowledge conversion modes, adjusting them to other environments or other situations.

Originality/value

This study stands out for empirically testing, a standardization model that favors the creation of knowledge through the analysis of the various activities in a paper industry, providing a real connection between the knowledge management literature and the organizational environment. Standardization can represent an instrument of innovation in the most diverse types of industry, as long as it comes with a proposal for something new and better than the existing model.
Small sounds, big impact: sonic logos and their effect on consumer attitudes, emotions, brands and advertising placement
Authors: Scott Shawn P. , Sheinin Daniel , Labrecque Lauren I.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to show how sonic logos, despite their brief exposure time, resonate with consumers’ emotions and attitudes in a manner that until now has been attributed to only longer background music in advertising. The moderating role of sonic logo placement within the ad (beginning versus ending) and the mediating role of emotion felt after exposure to the brand and advertisement are also explored.

Design/methodology/approach

An expansion on sonic logo research is completed through two experiments testing nine hypotheses. A pretest is also conducted to create two orthogonal sonic logos (sad sonic logo and happy sonic logo) which are then used in the two experiments.

Findings

Participants had higher attitude scores for an advertisement that had a happy sonic logo over the ad that had a sad sonic logo. These consumer attitudes are mediated by emotion felt because of the exposure to the brand and advertisement and are moderated by placement of the sonic logo within the ad. Placement drove more positive consumer attitudes of a sad sonic logo at the beginning and a happy sonic logo at the end of the advertisement.

Practical implications

Given the short nature of a sonic logo, sonic logo placement in the advertisement is shown to change consumer perceptions. This effect uncovers an important aspect of placement of the sonic logo in the advertisement which gives practitioners a means of application. Furthermore, consumer emotions drive these strong attitudes despite the short exposure times of the sonic logo.

Originality/value

This paper expands upon the limited sonic logo research and shows how the short exposure time of a sonic logo can have the same emotional qualities as long-form music, previously reserved for background music in advertising. In addition, by uncovering the mediating relationship of emotion felt after exposure to the brand and advertisement, it is shown how these short audio branding elements can help shape emotion and consumer attitude toward brands. Finally, altering placement of the sonic logo can enhance consumer attitudes of the advertisement and brand.
Accuracy of ultrasound in the estimation of customised birth weight in a public hospital service
Authors: Ridha Noor , Bergin Colleen J , Kelly Joanne , Tarr Gregory P , Anderson Ngaire , Sadler Lynn
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Studies have shown that ultrasound estimated foetal weight (EFW) in small for gestational age (SGA) babies tends to be less‐accurate when compared to appropriate (AGA) and large (LGA) for gestational age babies. We aimed to analyse the accuracy of ultrasound EFW overall, and by customised birth weight centile category (severe SGA, SGA, AGA, LGA). Also, the accuracy of estimating the centile category using calculated customised EFW centiles.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study of pregnant women between 20–43 weeks gestation who underwent ultrasound within 7 days of delivery at a large tertiary maternity unit between January 2018 and December 2020. Stillbirths, major foetal anomalies and multiple pregnancies were excluded. The EFW and birth weight were compared, and an accurate estimate defined as ≤15% difference. The customised EFW and birth weight centiles were calculated and used to analyse the accuracy of category prediction.

Results

Of 2061 foetuses included, 92% (n = 1902) were born weighing within 15% of their EFW. Accuracy was not affected by maternal BMI, ethnicity, parity or gestation. 87% of SGA babies were within 15% of their EFW. Ultrasound sensitivity for SGA was 51% (95% CI: 46–55%). The specificity and positive predictive values were 97% (95% CI: 96–98%) and 87% (95% CI: 82–90%) respectively.

Conclusion

The accuracy of Ultrasound EFW overall is good, however, is reduced in SGA babies whose EFW and birth weight centile categories tended to be overestimated. The high specificity for SGA supports monitoring with a lowered threshold to intervene in pregnancies identified by ultrasound as SGA.
Convergence or Divergence? China Invested Firms’ E&E Evaluation of CSR in Southeast Asia
Authors: Kong Jianxun , Zhou Yidi
Published: March 2022

Using the 2019 China Invested Firms and Employees Survey (CIFES), this study explores the convergence of Chinese enterprise and employee (E&E) evaluation in Southeast Asian countries. The results show that convergence varies greatly across the nine Southeast Asian countries. Union organisations and economic factors play a key role in convergence. Firms with labour unions report a more effective corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance than others, while employees in the construction sector report their firms’ CSR and those in the manufacturing and service sectors. Interestingly, the number of years worked by an employee correlates positively with their perception of firms’ CSR performance.
Geroscience‐guided repurposing of FDA‐approved drugs to target aging: A proposed process and prioritization
Authors: Kulkarni Ameya S. , Aleksic Sandra , Berger David M. , Sierra Felipe , Kuchel George A. , Barzilai Nir
Published: March 2022

Common chronic diseases represent the greatest driver of rising healthcare costs, as well as declining function, independence, and quality of life. Geroscience‐guided approaches seek to delay the onset and progression of multiple chronic conditions by targeting fundamental biological pathways of aging. This approach is more likely to improve overall health and function in old age than treating individual diseases, by addressing aging the largest and mostly ignored risk factor for the leading causes of morbidity in older adults. Nevertheless, challenges in repurposing existing and moving newly discovered interventions from the bench to clinical care have impeded the progress of this potentially transformational paradigm shift. In this article, we propose the creation of a standardized process for evaluating FDA‐approved medications for their geroscience potential. Criteria for systematically evaluating the existing literature that spans from animal models to human studies will permit the prioritization of efforts and financial investments for translating geroscience and allow immediate progress on the design of the next Targeting Aging with MEtformin (TAME)‐like study involving such candidate gerotherapeutics.
Assaultive trauma, alcohol use, and alcohol‐related consequences among American Indian adolescents
Authors: Spillane Nichea S. , Nalven Tessa , Goldstein Silvi C. , Schick Melissa R. , Kirk‐Provencher Katelyn T. , Jamil Aayma , Weiss Nicole H.
Published: March 2022

Background

American Indian (AI) adolescents report disproportionate higher rates of alcohol use and alcohol‐related consequences than adolescents from other racial/ethnic groups. Trauma exposure is also reported at high rates among AI individuals and likely confers risk for alcohol use. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of assaultive trauma experiences (e.g., physical assault, sexual assault) on alcohol use and alcohol‐related consequences in AI adolescents.

Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis of self‐reported data on trauma exposure, alcohol consumption, and lifetime alcohol‐related consequences provided by AI 7th to 12th graders residing on or near a reservation (n = 3498, Mage = 14.8; 49.5% female). Institutional Review Boards, tribal authorities, and school boards approved the study protocols prior to beginning data collection.

Results

Nearly half (49.3%, n = 1498) of AI adolescents reported having experienced at least one assaultive trauma in their lifetime. Those who had experienced assaultive trauma were more likely to report lifetime alcohol use (χ2 = 111.84, p < 0.001) and experienced greater alcohol‐related consequences (t(1746) = 12.21, p < 0.001) than those with no assaultive trauma exposure. Multilevel regression analyses indicated that a greater number of assaultive traumatic events was significantly associated with greater odds of lifetime alcohol use (p < 0.001, OR = 1.81, 95% CI [1.65, 2.00]) and having experienced a greater number of alcohol‐related consequences (b = 0.36, SE = 0.04, t = 16.95, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.31, 0.46]).

Conclusions

Findings of the present study highlight the relevance of exposure to assaultive trauma to AI adolescents’ use of alcohol and experiences of alcohol‐related consequences. These findings support the need for trauma‐informed interventions in addressing alcohol use among AI adolescents.
Preliminary identification and analysis of differential RNA editing between higher and lower backfat thickness pigs using DNA‐seq and RNA‐seq data
Authors: Zhang Yuebo , Liu Xin , Zhang Longchao , Wang Ligang , He Jun , Ma Haiming , Wang Lixian
Published: March 2022

RNA editing is an essential post‐transcriptional regulatory mechanism. However, few studies have investigated the functional RNA edits in the economic traits of livestock on a genome‐wide scale. Pigs are one of the most important livestock species and their fat is the principal organ involved in the regulation of adipose deposition. Here, we used three full‐sibling pairs, with each pair comprising a pig with higher backfat (BF) thickness and lower backfat thickness, to identify RNA editing events based on whole‐genome and transcriptome sequencing data. A total of 60,903 non‐redundant RNA editing sites with 59,472 (97.7%) A‐to‐G edits were detected using a revised bioinformatics pipeline. A specific sequence context with G preference was found one base downstream of the edited site, and the editing level was associated with the distribution of nucleotides across nearly sites. Moreover, the A‐to‐G editing sites mostly occurred in the pig‐special short interspersed nuclear elements, Pre0_SS. Comparing the difference between pigs with higher BF and lower BF, we found 211 differentially edited sites (DESites). Functional enrichment analyses revealed a significant enrichment of genes containing DESites in terms of adipose deposition. The DESites located in the six adipose‐related genes (SKP1, GSK3B, COL5A3, MDM4, NT5C2, and DENND2A) were selected as candidate RNA editing sites associated with adipose deposition, and thus require further evaluation. This study mined the potentially functional RNA editing sites in pig adipose tissue and indicated that RNA editing may play an important role in adipose deposition, which provides a new insight into the post‐transcriptionally mediated regulation mechanism of fat development.
The Sinews of War: McCarthyism Crosses the Atlantic
Authors: Gerth Matthew
Published: March 2022

At the height of the US Red Scare, Joseph McCarthy directed his attacks towards the United Kingdom. Tapping into deep‐seated Anglophobia in the American collective psyche, McCarthy infused it with his own brand of anti‐communism. He declared a personal war on the United Kingdom seeking to disrupt Anglo‐American relations. McCarthy's “paranoid style” and anti‐British sentiment manifested from a longer tradition of Midwestern resentment. Although the British government regarded his efforts as a significant threat to the “special relationship”, it refused to directly denounce or engage with the Wisconsin senator. This paper examines this little‐known episode of the McCarthy era.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: incidence of variceal hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis undergoing transesophageal echocardiography
Authors: Odewole Mobolaji , Sen Ahana , Okoruwa Ehiamen , Lieber Sarah R. , Cotter Thomas G. , Nguyen Anh D. , Mufti Arjmand , Singal Amit G. , Rich Nicole E.
Published: March 2022

Background

The presence of esophageal varices is considered a relative contraindication to transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) by cardiology professional societies, so gastroenterologists are often consulted to perform upper endoscopy prior to TEE in patients with cirrhosis.

Aim

To perform a systematic review to quantify the risk of bleeding complications in patients with cirrhosis following TEE.

Methods

Two reviewers searched Ovid MEDLINE, MEDLINE In‐Process and EMBASE databases from January 1992 to May 2021 for studies reporting bleeding complications from TEE in patients with cirrhosis. We calculated the pooled incidence rate of bleeding events using the metaprop command with a random effect model.

Results

We identified 21 studies comprising 4050 unique patients with cirrhosis; 9 studies (n = 3015) assessed the risk of intraoperative TEE during liver transplant (LT) and 12 studies (n = 1035) assessed bleeding risk in patients undergoing TEE for other indications. The pooled incidence of bleeding post‐TEE was 0.37% (95% CI 0.04–0.94%) across all studies. Bleeding complications were low among patients undergoing TEE during LT as well as those undergoing TEE for other diagnostic reasons (0.97% vs. 0.004%) and among studies with mean MELD >18 compared to those with mean MELD <18 (0.43% vs. 0.08%). Few studies had a comparator arm, and data on patient‐level factors impacting bleeding complications (including degree of liver dysfunction and coagulopathy) were limited across studies.

Conclusions

The risk of bleeding complications following TEE is low in patients with cirrhosis, suggesting TEE is safe and risk stratification with upper endoscopy may not be necessary.
Does modification of portal pressure and flow enhance recovery of the recipient after living donor liver transplantation? A systematic review of literature and expert panel recommendations
Authors: Rammohan Ashwin , Rela Mohamed , Kim Dong‐Sik , Soejima Yuji , Kasahara Mureo , Ikegami Toru , Spiro Michael , Aristotle Raptis Dimitri , Humar Abhinav ,   the ERAS4OLT.org Working Group
Published: March 2022

Background

Portal inflow modulation (PIM) aimed at reducing portal hyperperfusion is commonly used in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) to reduce the risk of small‐for‐size syndrome (SFSS). Many different techniques, both pharmacological and surgical have been used for this purpose. There is, however, little consensus on the best method of PIM, its exact role in preventing SFSS and on early post‐LDLT recovery.

Objectives

To identify whether modifications of portal pressures and flows enhance recovery after LDLT and to provide international expert panel recommendations.

Data sources

Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central.

Methods

Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and recommendations using the GRADE approach derived from an international expert panel. PROSPERO ID: CRD42021260997.

Results

Five hundred and ninety four articles were identified through databases’ search. Of the 24 included for a final review by the working group (WG), there were five randomized control trials, four prospective studies and 15 retrospective series. Six outcome measures which were likely to influence early recovery after LDLT, especially in small‐for‐size grafts (SFSG) were shortlisted. These included acute kidney injury, SFSS, morbidity including sepsis, length of ICU and hospital stay, morbidity of the PIM technique and overall mortality. The WG noted that PIM in this subset of LDLT recipients had a beneficial effect on all the outcomes measures.

Conclusions

Considering all decision domains, the panel recommends pre‐ and intraoperative actual graft weight validation, portal pressure/flow measurements, and a comprehensive donor evaluation for the determination of potentially small‐for‐size/ small‐for‐flow grafts as mandatory. (Quality of Evidence: Moderate | Grade of Recommendation: Strong) Pharmacological PIM helps improve early renal function in LDLT recipients. (Quality of Evidence: High | Grade of Recommendation: Strong) In selected patients with SFSG, PIM helps reduce SFSS/EAD and sepsis. (Quality of Evidence: Moderate | Grade of Recommendation: Strong) PIM in the form of splenectomy has increased morbidity compared to splenic artery ligation (SAL). (Quality of Evidence: Low | Grade of Recommendation: Strong) In LDLT recipients with SFSG, PIM may help reduce morbidity/mortality. (Quality of Evidence: Low | Grade of Recommendation: Strong) In LDLT recipients with SFSG, modification of portal pressures and flows enhances recovery after LDLT. (Quality of Evidence: Moderate | Grade of Recommendation: Strong)
Does Bank Competition Promote Corporate Green Innovation? Evidence from the Location of Bank Branches
Authors: Xia Yufeng , Liu Peisen
Published: March 2022

Based on the geographic coordinates of bank branches and firms, this study analyzes the impact of firm‐level bank competition on corporate green innovation and its underlying mechanisms. The findings of this study are mainly as follows. First, bank competition promotes corporate green innovation by reducing transaction costs, increasing the possibility and quantity of firms applying for green patents. Second, bank competition increases the share of green innovation while reducing the share of nongreen innovation. Third, environmental regulation strengthens the promotion effect of bank competition on corporate green innovation, and the strengthening effect is greatest when environmental regulation is between its 50th and 75th quantile. The proportion of state‐owned banks weakens the promotion effect of bank competition on corporate green innovation. This paper is helpful to understand the impact of the banking system on sustainable economic development.
Diving into dark pools
Authors: Buti Sabrina , Rindi Barbara , Werner Ingrid M.
Published: March 2022

We study 2009 and 2020 dark trading for U.S. stocks. Dark trading is lower when volume is low, volatility high, and in periods of markets stress. Dark pools are more active for large caps, while internalization is more common for small caps. Traders use dark pools to jump the queue for large caps in 2009, and to avoid crossing the spread for small caps in both years. Internalization is higher when spreads are wide and depth is high. Dark pool trading improves spreads in 2009, but worsens market quality for large caps in 2020. We discuss explanations for the change.
Condemned to complexity? Growing state activity and complex policy systems
Authors: Limberg Julian , Knill Christoph , Steinebach Yves
Published: March 2022

Does growing state activity inevitably lead to more complex policy systems? In this article, we offer a new, comprehensive approach that systematically differentiates between the size and the complexity of policy portfolios to answer this question. Looking at data from 21 OECD countries over more than three decades (1980–2015) in the areas of social and environmental policy, we find substantial variation in the size and complexity of policy portfolios. While larger state activity is generally associated with growing complexity, this relation still varies both between countries and over time. Our finding suggests that increasing policy complexity is not a “natural given” but that two of the major trends of the last decades—growing state activity and global political integration—provided a very fertile ground that fosters policy complexity. These findings have important implications for analyzing macro patterns of state activity in the 21st century.
Exploiting encapsulated Himalayan walnut oil as a vivid source of essential fatty acids for the development of novel functional bread
Authors: Akhtar Gazalla , Masoodi Farooq Ahmad , Rather Zubaid Ul Khizar , Wani Touseef Ahmad
Published: March 2022

The basic aim of the study was to utilise Himalayan Walnut oil (HWO) encapsulated in soy protein isolate (SPI)–maltodextrin (MD)–pectin (Pec) complex as a potential source of omega fatty acids for bread fortification. Encapsulated HWO was integrated with bread for enhanced quality and technological aspects compared to control: it contained protein (9–19%), fat (6–8%), alpha‐linolenic acid (37.50%) with lower carbohydrate (35–42%) content. The baked loaves depicted higher specific loaf volume (3.85–4.85 cm3 g−1) with low hardness (4.24–5 N) due to the presence of hydrocolloids. Crust and crumb colour revealed a significant effect on the appearance of bread, with an increase in the antioxidant activity as assessed by 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (80%), 2,2′‐Azino‐bis (3‐Ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐Sulfonic Acid) (100%) and Metal Chelating Activity (10%). Compared to control, addition of encapsulated HWO increased final product quality by lowering oil oxidation during storage period. Scanning electron microscopic analysis showed intact encapsulated oil bodies in crumb after baking, thereby demonstrating high omega fatty acid retention.
Historical biogeography of a rapid and geographically wide diversification in Neotropical mammals
Authors: Hurtado Natalí , D'Elía Guillermo
Published: March 2022

Aim

Tropical South America, in particular Amazonia, has been identified as the area of the basal diversification of several large mammal clades. Whether this scenario also holds for younger and widely distributed clades remains unclear. Here, we assessed the historical biogeography of a young but diverse and widely distributed mammal clade.

Location

The Neotropics.

Taxon

Long‐tailed mice of the genus Oligoryzomys.

Methods

We estimated a dated species tree by sampling five genes (one mitochondrial and four nuclear) from 30 of the 32 living species of the genus. We inferred the distribution of the most recent common ancestors (MRCAs) of distinct species groups, using a 13 ecoregion scheme and fitting three biogeographical models, to simulate dispersal events under the selected model.

Results

The DEC model best explained the diversification of Oligoryzomys. The MRCA of the genus had an age of ~2.64 Mya and its ancestral area was inferred as a large region encompassing Boreal and Southern Amazonia, Chaco and Tropical Andes. Subsequent vicariance events, followed by dispersal events towards the present, account for its diversification and wide distribution.

Main conclusion

The biogeographical history of Oligoryzomys is complex. It originated in the northern half of South America; and then after a series of vicariant events, a series of dispersion events allowed it to colonize southern South America, the Andes and closer to the present Central and North America. This radiation, which constitutes one of the fastest and largest Pleistocene diversifications of Neotropical mammals, involves events previously suggested for other groups (e.g. Andean diversification), others that are novel for rodents and for the most part for South American mammals (e.g. the identification of the Chaco as a centre of diversification).
Associations of dual sensory impairment with incident mobility and ADL difficulty
Authors: Armstrong Nicole M. , Vieira Ligo Teixeira Camila , Gendron Colby , Brenowitz Willa D. , Lin Frank R. , Swenor Bonnelin , Deal Jennifer A. , Simonsick Eleanor M. , Jones Richard N.
Published: March 2022

Background

There is a dearth of studies examining the associations of objectively measured dual sensory impairment (DSI) with incident mobility and activities of daily life (ADL) difficulty longitudinally.

Methods

Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the associations of DSI and single sensory impairment (hearing, vision) with incident mobility difficulty (many problems or inability to walk ¼ mile and/or climb 10 steps) and ADL difficulty up to six years of follow‐up among 2020 participants of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study, a cohort of older adults aged 70–79 years from Pittsburgh, PA and Memphis, TN. Vision impairment (VI) was defined as impaired visual acuity (20/50 or worse on Bailey‐Lovie distance test) and contrast sensitivity (<1.3 log units on Pelli‐Robson test), and hearing impairment (HI) was defined as pure‐tone average in better‐hearing ear >25 decibels. Models were adjusted by age, race, sex, education, diabetes, depressive symptoms, hypertension, gait speed from 20‐meter walk, global cognition score, prevalent cardiovascular disease, and body mass index.

Results

There were 23% with DSI (n = 459). DSI was associated with increased risk of both incident report of mobility (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47, 3.43), and ADL difficulty (HR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.50, 3.40). Neither VI nor HI alone was associated with risk of either outcome.

Conclusions

DSI is associated with increased risk of incident mobility and ADL difficulty. Rehabilitation and adaptive environmental changes for individuals living with DSI may be important to maximize mobility and daily function.
Colletotrichum truncatum causing anthracnose disease of Iris lactea in Beijing, China
Authors: Wang Cheng‐bin , Jiang Ning , Zhu Ya‐quan , Xue Han , Piao Chun‐gen , Li Yong
Published: March 2022

Iris lactea is a wide ground cover plant of importance throughout courtyards, trees and roads. From May to September in 2020 and 2021, I. lactea planted in Beijing showed white to yellow spots with black conidiomata and could lead blight expanded down from the tip of leaves. In this study, ninety‐six diseased leaves were collected from nineteen regions in Beijing, and a total of fifty‐nine Colletotrichum isolates were obtained from the leaf spots. All isolates were identified as Colletotrichum truncatum by polyphasic analyses, combing morphology and phylogeny of combined the internal transcribed spacer of rDNA region (ITS), actin (act), chalcone synthetase (chs), the genes of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) and β‐tubulin (tub2). Koch's postulates were confirmed by a pathogenicity test using conidial suspensions (1 × 106 conidia/ml) on fresh leaves of the host, re‐isolation and identification. Until now, this is the first confirmed report of a new anthracnose disease of I. lactea caused by C. truncatum in China.
Role of therapeutic drug monitoring of intravenous Busulfan for prevention of sinusoidal obstructive syndrome in children
Authors: Gurlek Gokcebay Dilek , Arman Bilir Ozlem , Şahin Seda , Ok Bozkaya İkbal , Ozbek Namık Yasar
Published: March 2022

Background

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of intravenous busulfan (Bu) has been recommended for safe engraftment and decreased toxicity in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This study aims to compare HSCT‐related outcomes, such as acute or chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD), sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS), event‐free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS) in children with and without TDM for busulfan.

Methods

This retrospective study conducted between February 2012 and February 2021 at our Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit included 172 patients (34% girls) with a median age of 4.70 years (IQR 2.41–10.01). Group A consisted of 46 patients whose Bu doses were adjusted according to actual body weight, and group B consisted of 126 patients whose Bu dose adjustments made according to TDM.

Results

Totally, 32 patients (19%) developed moderate or severe SOS. The incidence of SOS was significantly higher in the group without TDM (29% vs. 15%, p = .041). A multivariable analysis showed that the presence of acute GvHD and one alkylating drug‐containing conditioning regimen compared with two or three were associated with SOS (p = .03 and p = .002, respectively). In patients with TDM, cumulative Bu dose and area under curve also were not associated with SOS. Other HSCT‐related outcomes such as acute or chronic GvHD, relapse and graft rejection rates, OS and EFS rates did not differ between the groups.

Conclusions

TDM and making dose adjustments with Bayesian forecasting over four days of Bu therapy optimizes exposure and reduces the risk of SOS in children undergoing HSCT.
Pandemia, confinamiento y racismo en la modernidad: una perspectiva africana
Authors: Díaz Díaz Rafael Antonio
Published: March 2022

En 2020, cumplidos noventa años del restablecimiento de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, la Colección Noventa Ideas rinde homenaje al pensamiento crítico y al diálogo de saberes que han caracterizado a esta casa de estudios desde sus inicios. Los ensayos originales que el lector encontrará en esta colección son una invitación a seguir pensando y construyendo de forma continua el mundo en que vivimos. Así mismo, en las sobrecubiertas de los libros de la colección, el lector podrá apreciar algunas imágenes provenientes de libros antiguos, raros e incunables que hacen parte de la Biblioteca de Filosofía y Teología Mario Valenzuela, S. J., y que dan cuenta del rico patrimonio artístico y bibliográfico de la Universidad.