bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activating Memories of Endurance
Authors: Krueger Patricia
Published: April 2020

This article details the experiences that members of a participatory action research project (PAR) had in order to receive research approval from the Department of Education (DOE) of a large East Coast urban school district. Co-researchers in this project collected written and visual narratives to examine how school safety mechanisms have reshaped the physical spaces of the public schools they attend. Furthermore, this article argues that institutionalized codes of research ethics affect the kinds of research activities critical educational researchers are permitted to conduct in order to excavate how criminal justice-oriented school safety practices influence young people's lives.
Sorting Out the Sort
Authors: Linville Darla
Published: April 2020

This letter documents the conversations of a participatory action research team consisting of one doctoral student and eight New York City high school students. The letter documents the process of creating the instrument that was used to collect data from other lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer and questioning students. The dissertation research seeks to understand the language, policies, and behavior about sexuality and gender expression in schools, and LGBTQ young people's interpretations of them. Using Foucault and Butler to explain how young people interact with norms of sexuality and gender in contingent and contextualized ways, the researchers began to think about the discourses around sexuality and gender with a more historicized and complex lens and to examine subjectivity within those discourses. The researchers elected to use a modified Q sort to understand the intersection of the school community's attitudes and beliefs with individual student attitudes and beliefs, ultimately to understand LGBTQ students' sense of belonging in their schools.
Reframing Structure and Agency in Participatory Action Research
Authors: Spataro David
Published: April 2020

This paper addresses the dilemma that emerges when theorizing agency within the participatory logic of Participatory Action Research (PAR) projects. Insomuch as PAR projects contest ubiquitous blaming-the-victim discourses, they often do so by stressing the structure of exploitation at the expense of individual autonomy. At the same time, however, PAR methods work to produce or strengthen the agency of all the participants, thereby stressing that structural determination is not an inevitable or ontological fact. I assess how PAR researchers have negotiated this framing problematic and then introduce critical geographic theories of scale as one way to re-frame this tension. Ultimately, by adopting the theoretical viewpoint of the production of scale, the researcher can focus on how the scale of individual bodies is produced at a variety of levels. Emphasis is placed on the mutability of these scalar productions and that PAR work—when framed as a politics of scale—inherently ‘bends’ scales.
Silence as Speech
Authors: Rodriguez Dalia
Published: April 2020

This article addresses the multiple meanings of silence for students of color in college classrooms when discussing racism. Educators have yet to understand the complexity behind silence and how both voice and silence work together to illuminate the experiences of marginalized students. Silence often serves as speech, or as a means of “saying.” Through classroom stories, interview data, as well as my own autobiographical experiences, I address the multiple meanings of silence for students of color in a predominantly white classroom.
Arts-based Research as Social Justice Activism
Authors: Keifer-Boyd Karen
Published: April 2020

A social justice approach to arts-based research, as presented in this article through examples from five different perspectives on what constitutes arts-based research, involves continual critical reflexivity in response to injustice. At the First International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry, I identified five distinctly different perspectives on what constitutes arts-based research. The variations seemed to emphasize contiguous relationships such as: arts-insight, arts-inquiry, arts-imagination, arts-embodiment, and arts-relationality. Starting from a study of arts-based research, I construct historical and theoretical traces to and from these five facets of a social justice approach to arts-based inquiry. My analysis offers potentialities for an intermingling of these five faces of arts-based research in the interest of social justice. The examples of arts-based research as social justice activism presented here are intended to inspire transdisciplinary researchers to imagine ways to conjoin arts-based processes, subjects, and forms with social justice enactments of research.
Leavesdropping on Two Men Talking
Authors: Badley Graham
Published: April 2020

This inquiry is presented as a Borges-like dream. The inquirer dreams that two men talk about their writing. The dreamer tries to understand what they are saying, what they mean. Their talk appears full of abstractions and jargon — connectivity, faciality, haecceity, masculinities, multiplicities, subjectivities. Another character, George Orwell, enters the dream to harrumph at the pretentious diction the two men use. One of them sees their collaborative writing as a nomadic inquiry which takes the form of seeing where it goes. The two men believe that when they write to each other they not only define themselves as men but also dissolve the boundaries between them. Indeed their collaborative writing may even be seen as a kind of love-making. As they finish their talk the dreamer in his reverie fancies them as lost in a labyrinth of their own making.
Integrating Pathways
Authors: Mertens Donna M.
Published: April 2020

Transformative research is rooted in the axiological assumption that priority be given to the furtherance of human rights and the pursuit of social justice (Mertens, 2009; 2010; Mertens, Holmes, & Harris, 2009). This belief provides a basis for subsequent decision making about methodology. Planning for utilization of findings to influence health and social policy is essential during the initial stages of research design, as well as throughout the course of the study in order to improve the probability that data are gathered and disseminated in a way that they can be used to achieve the goals of social change and social justice. Transformative researchers can use policy analysis and advocacy as avenues to social change. This paper focuses on the value of putting research side-by-side with policy making to integrate their pathways in the pursuit of social justice.
Children's Rights, Family Rights
Authors: Staller Karen M.
Published: April 2020

In this article I explore the intersections of children's human rights, social policy, and qualitative inquiry from a social work perspective. First, I consider the relationship between human rights work and social work. Second, I argue that children add complexity to the human rights debate. In doing so, I briefly examine the conflict between children's rights as developed in the United States and that of the United Nation's Convention on the Rights of the Child. Third, I turn to a specific qualitative research project in which a team of researchers conducted an in-depth study of the prosecution of child sexual abuse in one U.S. jurisdiction. I argue that the findings from this study illustrate how qualitative inquiry can reveal conflicting and often hidden value trade-offs that must be addressed when enacting and enforcing children's human rights. This study demonstrates what qualitative inquiry has to offer policy advocates who seek to promote children's human rights.
Towards a Theory of Rights for Qualitative Researchers
Authors: Brinkmann Svend
Published: April 2020

This paper develops a theory of rights that operates on a middle ground between ethnocentric universalism and cultural relativism. It does so by arguing that rights are derived from basic human vulnerabilities, which are situated and contextual. It is argued that advancing human rights is a legitimate goal for the human and social sciences and that all such sciences need a qualitative understanding of situated rights and duties in order to understand their subject matters. It is also argued that the emerging neo-positivism in the social sciences, in particular psychology, is detrimental to producing knowledge about human rights and rights violations, and that this may seriously affect our capacities for self-understanding and moral action. A tentative way forward is sketched that involves the education of students in a way that will sensitize them to human rights and vulnerabilities.
For Pity's Sake
Authors: Hodkinson Alan , Devarakonda Chandrika
Published: April 2020

This paper offers a critique of transnational aspects of ‘inclusion,’ one of those global education buzzwords that as Slee (2009) puts it, say everything but say nothing. It starts off by trying to compare Indian and English usages and attitudes at the level of teacher discourse, and notes the impossibility of any ‘authentic’ translation, given the very different cultural contexts and histories. In response to these divergences, the authors undertake a much more genealogical and ‘forensic’ examination of values associated with ‘inclusion,’ focussing especially on a key notion of ‘pity.’ The Eurocentric tradition is traced from its Platonic origins through what is claimed to be the ‘industrialization of pity’ and its rejection as a virtue in favour of more apparently egalitarian measures of fairness. The Indian tradition relates rather to religious traditions across a number of different belief systems, most of which centre on some version of a karmic notion of pity. The authors both criticise and reject ‘inclusion’ as a colonisation of the global and call for a new understanding of notions like ‘pity’ as affective commitment rather than ‘fair’ dispensation of equality.
The Politics, Poetics, and Practices of ‘Touch’ engendering private parts and public wholes
Authors: Stronach Ian , Smears Elizabeth
Published: April 2020

This article sets out in two different directions. Its spine is a post-structuralist examination of ‘touch’ as a cultural, historical entity and as a contemporary taboo in audit cultures. It ends up in a Deleuzian notion of touch as a ‘survol’ (survey) of the senses, both reflexive and transformative — claiming the articulations of a double ontology. The second register or ‘rib’ of the article sets out to act as a disruption of that narrative, claiming that the ‘survol’ disguises an evacuation of the body from the text, a flight from engendered, embodied selves whose performances are flattened out in textual rationalisation. The overall intention is not to privilege one account over the other but to set them in a relation of critical adjacency, where the reading has to be ‘with’ rather than ‘against’ the other. Such an indetermination aims to recruit an active reading. So don't just read: join in!
Cultures of Inquiry in Technology Enhanced Learning and Beyond
Authors: Carmichael Patrick
Published: April 2020

Interdisciplinary working is often understood as involving individuals or teams from different disciplines to engage with common problems, but this has proved to be an enduring challenge. An alternative framing of interdisciplinary working is Hall's ‘culture of inquiry’, in which it is conceptualised as narrative creation in an environment of formative critique. This paper explores the relevance and applicability of this idea to educational research and development, specifically in the context of purportedly interdisciplinary TEL projects. It draws on the author's experience in projects in which multiple narratives — pedagogical, technological and social — have the potential to contribute to both to individual and collective understanding and the development of new practice.
Standing in Line
Authors: Islam Sharif
Published: April 2020

Over the past two decades, immigration receiving states have resorted to extraordinary legal, political, spatial tactics to curtail and prevent different types of migrants from legally entering the states. Some of these processes increased the number of undocumented and unauthorized immigrants in certain countries. These processes also lead to enormous personal sacrifices and hardships for families across the world. My personal experiences are probably not the worst case due to my educational and professional background, although there were few bumps in the road. Some of the following notes, I hope, will shed light on the personal experiences dealing with immigration law and processes.
How Writing Touches
Authors: Wyatt Jonathan , Gale Ken , Russell Larry , Pelias Ronald J. , Spry Tami
Published: April 2020

Five scholars, with varying histories together, met as writers at a workshop at the 2007 International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry and made a commitment to write over the following year to, for and with each other in an experiment in the craft of autoethnography, an experiment that led us to explore questions of intimacy and connection manifested through collaborative writing. Each year since then we have returned to Congress to read a small anthology of the year's writing—and to decide whether or not to continue.

This paper is drawn from our third year of writing together across the changing distances, as our bodies moved and lay still in both unfamiliar and familiar spaces. Within castles and beside oceans, on pastures and in homes, at universities and hospitals, we wrote together, between and amongst our group of five, working, as always, it seems, at who and what we are becoming.

The joy of our continuing writing presence in each others' lives, our pleasure and surprise at such friendship, earned through hard writing labor, is manifest alongside an awareness that there is always more to do. We turn and return to love and intimacy as scholarly, messy, complex methodology as we send writing to each other that we, in turn, pick up on—and sometimes do not—in our responses; writing that often affirms and sometimes disturbs.
Globalizing the Rural
Authors: Ito Isamu
Published: April 2020

How can we make the best use of qualitative research for the new rural problems in the age of globalism? I present my reflections on this question by introducing the reflexive relationships between rural problems and rural studies in contemporary Japan. Then I propose my own qualitative research project aiming to reaffirm the values of farming and rural life from the standpoint of rural people. Lastly, I reveal some of my provisional findings.
The Meaning of “Not Innocent”
Authors: Kaufmann Jodi
Published: April 2020

Mark MacPhail was murdered. The body of the white police officer was found fatally shot in Savannah, Georgia on August 19, 1989. Black and poor, Troy Anthony Davis was convicted of the murder and sentenced to death. Many people believe Davis innocent. In 2009 the U.S. Supreme Court ordered the District Court in Savannah to grant Davis an evidentiary hearing. Davis was found “not innocent.” Post-conviction, “not innocent” is a complex signifier. In this case it was constructed by the District Court through four interpretive lenses: Georgia's relation to the death penalty, the Anti-terrorism Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA), Supreme Court rulings, and the District Court's subjective imaginary. As each of these interpretive lenses is imbued with racism, the question of whether Georgia will execute an innocent man becomes starkly real. In this paper, I examine the post-conviction construction of “not innocent” as it relates to the Troy Davis case.
Awakenings
Authors: Mulcahy Caitlin M. , Parry Diana C.
Published: April 2020

Poulos (2010) states that “performance is a gradual awakening” (p. 211). Parenthood, on the other hand, can be a very rude awakening indeed. This performance piece on parenthood and the significance of first-time parenting groups, is full of awakenings, both gradual and rude. Drawing upon 24 interviews with members of grassroots “mothers' groups”, this performance piece explores the researcher as first time mother, existing in the space “between awakening and full consciousness, between dream and everyday reality, between inspiration and creation” (p. 212). We use performance, as Alexander and Myers (2010) describe, to “rehearse possibilities of transformation, intervention, and change” (p. 264); specifically, we propose a structured postnatal program through the Public Health Agency of Canada that will assist in the formation of mothers' (or parents') groups to help ease the transition to parenthood. We also use this performance piece to represent motherhood “from within”. As Nelson (2009) argues, “Motherhood is a topic of interest in many disciplines, but much of the mass information about motherhood talks around motherhood, about motherhood, without speaking of motherhood from within it” (p. 14, original emphasis). For, performance and motherhood have at least one thing in common: “After, one is never the same” (Pelias, 2010, p. 173).
Roses for the Revolution
Authors: Tabarez Ulises Moreno
Published: April 2020

Representations of Mexican revolutionary hero, Emiliano Zapata, migrate across the Mexico/US borders. His specters inform and reflect sexual identities migrating across these borderlands. Theoretically guided by Madison's model of performative writing and Muñoz's disidentification, this experimental project highlights and challenges the heteronormativity that pervades these migratory representations and the discursive practices that bring them to life. Through a performative writing exercise, I travel through theory and time to (re)present the figure of Zapata in an intimate love story whose backdrop is violence and war.
Conducting Research from the Ground Up
Authors: Weasel Lisa H.
Published: April 2020

Research in the natural sciences has tended to uncritically focus on providing technoscientific solutions to the problem of global food security, often in the form of genetically modified seeds. Yet the intended recipients of these seeds, often lower-caste women, have in some cases been vehement in their rejection of these solutions. Qualitative participatory approaches informed by feminist principles, as applied in this case study in Andhra Pradesh, India, can elucidate both the reasons for this rejection, and help to chart a more appropriate epistemological orientation for developing solutions based in community members' lives and needs. Such an approach can in turn give rise to new research questions and orientations to be taken up by technoscientific researchers wishing to approach collaborative solutions to global food security.
Biting the Tongue that Speaks You
Authors: Tamas Sophie
Published: April 2020

How do we speak usefully about unspeakable things? This paper draws on my doctoral research with survivors of spousal abuse and subsequent book to address the methodological and ethical challenges of producing knowledge within and from sites of trauma. Writing what we cannot know, in spaces where we have lost trust in language, connection and cohesive modernist subjectivity raises complex representational challenges. This paper explores the limits of making sense, and proposes alternative approaches, through writing wonder, writing art, writing dirty, being haunted, and troubling genre, illustrated by their application in my own work. Rather than offering problematic promises of recovery, these ways of writing through trauma reach for the redemptive possibilities of thought.
Reflections on Work Integrated Learning
Authors: Dorasamy Nirmala
Published: April 2020

This article uses a nontraditional form to provide insight into the experiences of students and mentors during work integrated learning, through poetry pieces. Mentors play a pivotal role during the period of experiential learning, during which student exposure to the world of work has to be nurtured, thereby ensuring that the experience is mutually beneficial to both the student and the mentor. The author is one of the mentors for students engaged in work integrated learning for three months in their final year of study toward a national diploma in public management. Students and mentors reflect on their experiences through feedback reports, which constitute an important part of reviewing the work integrated learning experience. With these resources, the author explores the experiences of students and mentors through poetry. Such a qualitative approach provides valuable insight into their experiences, which underscores the impact of work integrated learning on student preparation for the world of work. Further, the poetry pieces are employed to highlight the roles and responsibilities of students and mentors in the work integrated learning relationship.
Dear Jaheem
Authors: Kaufmann Jodi
Published: April 2020

Bullying permeates U.S. schools. Students who are bullied because of their actual or perceived sexual orientation or gender expression report high rates of suicide (Kosciw, 2009). To address the problem, several states have enacted antibullying legislation. However, the violent deaths of several young males in public school make it apparent that these laws are not successful at ceasing homophobic bullying. Agreeing that such laws are currently and desperately needed, I also suggest there is a need to search for other ways of responding to the problem. One means of looking at the situation differently is to analyze our current antibullying laws using post-structural ethics (Braidotti, 2006; Bauman, 1993; Caputo, 1993; Deleuze & Guattari, 1980/1987). In this paper, I analyze antibullying legislation in the State of Georgia, where 11-year-old Jaheem Herrera's 2009 suicide has been attributed to homophobic bullying.
Two Gambling Women
Authors: Chen Tzu-Hui
Published: April 2020

This narrative aims to explore the meaning and lived experiences of marriage that a unique immigrant population—“foreign brides” in Taiwan—possesses. This convergence narrative illustrates the dynamics and complexity of mail-order marriage and women's perseverance in a cross-cultural context. The relationship between marriage, race, and migration is analyzed. This narrative is comprised of and intertwined by two story lines. One is the story of two “foreign brides” in Taiwan. The other is my story about my cross-cultural relationship. All the dialogues are generated by 25 interviews of “foreign brides” in Taiwan and my personal experience.
Indigenous Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Diversi Marcelo , Henhawk Dan
Published: April 2020

Five centuries after the first arrival of European settlers in what they called the Americas, indigenous peoples and ways of knowing continue to be largely represented and reified by Western scholars and epistemologies. We argue here that, even within Qualitative Inquiry and its critical paradigms and theories, indigenous bodies and narratives continue to be relatively scarce as our interpretive communities attempt to advance decolonizing knowledge production, pedagogy, and praxis. In this article, we argue that this persistent segregation is related to an academic structure that continues to privilege Western paradigms (e.g., theoretical sophistication over visceral knowledge of oppression) and ways of knowing (e.g., reductionist binary definitions of indigeneity still too obsessed with authenticity). The center-piece of our article and critique is an email exchange between the authors about ontological, epistemological, and ethical issues of indigenous qualitative inquiry over the period of one year. We attempt to use our exchange as an instantiation—a textual, intellectual, and emotional performance—of ontological questions on indigenous qualitative inquiry: Who is indigenous? Are there common grounds among indigenous peoples of the earth? And if so, can we find more effective ways to gather in these common grounds in the 21st century? We conclude by offering our own suggestions toward decolonizing imaginations and praxis.
Navigating the Gendered Math Path
Authors: Weber Christina D. , Hodge Angie
Published: April 2020

Using dialogues with our informants, as well as with each other, we explore how the men and women in our research make it through their mathematics coursework and, in turn, pursue their intended majors. Our research focuses on how students navigate what we call the gendered math path and how that path conforms to and diverges from traditional gender norms. Common themes of women's lower than men's self-perception of their ability to do mathematics, along with the divergent processes of doing gender that emerged in men's and women's discussions of their application of mathematics, reminded us of the continued struggles that women have to succeed in male-dominated academic disciplines. Although self-perception helps us understand why there are fewer women in STEM fields, it is important to understand how different forms of application of ideas might add to the diversity of what it means to do good science.
Advocating for Multicultural Education and Social Justice in the Age of Economic Uncertainty
Authors: William-White Lisa
Published: April 2020

In light of California's economic crisis and the reduction of revenue within the state university system, a college-wide process was undertaken to streamline resources, to reduce expenditures, and to “efficiently use” current human capital in the College of Education (COE). These discourses centered on the consolidation and reorganization of a department with explicit foci on educational equity for ethnic, cultural, and linguistic minority communities. Described here is a year-long, autoethnographic account whereby a Critical Race Theory (CRT) lens is used to magnify the conflict within and between discourses in relation to the college's mission and vision. Included here also is how these discourses shape an African American teacher-educator's sense of personal advocacy and moral agency throughout the reorganization process.
Transdisciplinarity and Training the Next Generation of Researchers
Authors: Leavy Patricia
Published: April 2020

This article suggests that transdisciplinary approaches to social research, which are problem-centered, are necessary for addressing contemporary social problems. The article suggests that there is a social justice undercurrent to transdisciplinarity. Moreover, it is important to teach students how to think and design research in transdisciplinary ways so that they are prepared to meet the challenges of our time. In this regard the article details how transdisciplinary approaches to research can be coupled with problem-based learning (PBL) in order to teach students responsive problem-solving strategies. The article also details how transdisciplinary approaches to PBL can be used to teach qualitative research skills and thus train the next generation of researchers in qualitative practice.
Hearing Voices
Authors: Pelias Ronald J.
Published: April 2020

In this brief essay, I attempt to enter into the work of five scholars: Robin M. Boylorn, Lesa Lockford, Chris Poulos, Larry Russell, and Carolyn Ellis. I listen for their voices, for how their words have come to me and live in me. I reach for them, hoping that in my reach I am not too clumsy, too abrupt, or too off the mark. I write, trying to hear.
Dark-Skinned Love Stories
Authors: Boylorn Robin M.
Published: April 2020

In recent years academic scholarship and the public imagination has focused on the love lives (or lack thereof) of black women. In response and reaction to the recent so-called black love epidemic I interrogate claims about black women's failure at love and critique the ways that black women are often blamed for their cultural positionality. Framing my personal story with Toni Morrison's fictional character Pecola Breedlove, I discuss the role of sexism and colorism in the context of heterosexual love narratives. I use autoethnography, references to popular culture, and interdisciplinary scholarship to discuss my personal journey of identity, identification, and transformation as an unmarried dark-skinned woman.
Hearing the Call
Authors: Lockford Lesa
Published: April 2020

In this essay, I evoke the magic and mystery and the pleasure and pain of giving voice to experience.
Pengembangan Buku Pengayaan Menyajikan Debat Bermuatan Prinsip Kesantunan Berbahasa bagi Peserta Didik Kelas X SMA
Authors: Ghonia Allifa Zia , Naryatmojo Deby Luriawati
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan buku pengayaan menyajikan debat bermuatan prinsip kesantunan berbahasa sebagai pendukung pembelajaran menyajikan debat untuk siswa SMA kelas X. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan kebutuhan buku pengayaan menyajikan debat, menyusun purwarupa buku pengayaan, mendeskripsikan hasil uji validasi, serta memperbaiki buku pengayaan menyajikan debat. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D) yang meliputi lima tahap yaitu (1) potensi masalah, (2) pengumpulan data, (3) desain produk, (4) validasi desain, (5) dan revisi desain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa buku pengayaan yang dikembangkan termasuk kategori baik. Hal ini disimpulkan dari hasil penilaian uji ahli terhadap purwarupa buku pengayaan. Berdasarkan hasil validasi ahli, buku pengayaan menyajikan debat bermuatan prinsip kesantunan berbahasa yang dikembangkan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan referensi dan sarana pembelajaran debat.

Kata kunci: buku pengayaan, menyajikan debat, prinsip-prinsip kesantunan berbahasa.
Ujaran Kebencian Facebook Tahun 2017-2019
Authors: Permatasari Devita Indah , Subyantoro2 Subyantoro
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasi dan menganalisis bentuk ujaran kebencian pada facebook Ahmad Dhani Prasetyo (ADP). Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan teoretis dan metodologis. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metodologis berupa metode deskriptif kualitatif dan pendekatan teoretis menggunakan pendekatan linguistik forensik dengan pisau bedah analisis pragmatik. Metode dan teknik yang digunakan dalam penyediaan atau pengumpulan data adalah metode simak dengan teknik sadap dan teknik catat. Metode dan teknik yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data menggunakan metode padan dengan subjenis padan pragmatis. Metode dan teknik yang digunakan untuk menyajikan hasil analisis data adalah metode formal dan informal. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan ujaran kebencian bentuk memprovokasi, ujaran kebencian bentuk menghasut, ujaran kebencian bentuk menghina, ujaran kebencian bentuk menistakan, ujaran kebencian bentuk pencemaran nama baik, dan ujaran kebencian bentuk penyebaran berita bohong.

This study aimed to (1) classify and analyze the types of utterances of hate speech on Ahmad Dhani Prasetyo's (ADP) Facebook account. The research approaches used in this study were theoretical and methodological approach. This study used a methodical approach in form of a qualitative descriptive method and theoretical approach used a forensic linguistic approach with a scalpel pragmatic analysis. The methods and techniques used in the provision or collection of the data were scrutinizing method by using extracting technique and note-taking technique. The methods and techniques used in analyzing the data used the equivalence method with pragmatic equivalence sub type. The methods and techniques used to present the results of the data analysis were formal and informal methods. In the results of this study, illocutionary utterances of hate speech in form of provoking, illocutionary utterances of hate speech in form of inciting, illocutionary utterances of hate speech in form of insulting, illocutionary utterances of hate speech in form of defamation, illocutionary utterances of hate speech in form of defamation and into utterances of hate speech in form of the false news spreading.
Comparison of the standing balance between pole vaulters and soccer players in preseason and postseason
Authors: Dmitruk Katarzyna , Gałązka Małgorzata , Cieślicka Mirosława , Soszyński Dariusz , Stępniak Robert , Klimczyk Mariusz , Iermakov Sergii S.
Published: April 2020

Background and Study Aim: Static is crucial in the maintaining the position of the body’s center of gravity vertically over the base of support. Many sport disciplines require effective balance system. However, the efficiency of the system differs based on the sport discipline. The aim of the study was to examine balance system efficiency in pole vaulters and soccer players. Additionally, the analysis of pre and postseason balance system efficiency was performed in pole vaulters and soccer players as well. Material and Methods: To asses static balance system efficiency five pole vaulters and six soccer players were examined. A balance platform was used for open eyes test, close eyes test and biofeedback test. During the tests displacements of the center of pressure (COP) and calculates parameters such as: sway area in mm2 (P), mean total length in mm (L), path length in antero-posterior plane in mm (LA-P), path length in medio-lateral plane in  mm (LM-L) and coordination in % (C) were obtained. Results: Pole volunteers displayed better static balance and coordination compared to soccer players both in postseason and preseason time. Static balance and coordination were better in preseason compared to postseason time in pole vaulters. The observed differences were not statistically significant. Soccer players exhibited lower balance scores (statistically significant) in preseason compared to postseason. The eyes closure resulted in increased values of both total sway length, sway length in AP plane and sway length in ML plane both in postseason and preseason time for both groups of athletes. Intercondition significance was assessed only for total sway length and sway length in AP plane in pole vaulters in postseason time. Conclusions: Pole vaulters and soccer players did not differ in terms of static balance, but our results point toward an overall tendency for pole vaulters to exhibit better standing balance and visual-motor coordination compared soccer players.
Balance performance in sedentary and active healthy young individuals – a cross-sectional study
Authors: Petroman Radu , Rata Andreea Luciana
Published: April 2020

Background and Study aim. Balance ability has a fundamental role in many activities of daily living, as well in athletic activities. The Balance Error Scoring System is a valid and reliable test used to evaluate postural balance. The aim of this study was to assess the postural balance in active and sedentary healthy young individuals.
Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the balance performance in forty-four healthy young individuals (mean age 21.69±4.87 years), based on their physical activity level. Balance was assessed using the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), and the total number of errors was scored, for the non-dominant limb (the left leg for both groups). The errors were counted for each of the six situations (double leg stance, single leg stance and tandem stance, on hard and soft surface).
Results. Group 1 consisted of twenty-two active subjects (mean age 21.18±2.32 years, 59.09% females), with a BESS score of 9.87±1.6. The sedentary group (group 2), with twenty-two young subjects (mean age 22.22±6.61 years, 59.09% females), scored a significantly higher BESS score for the sedentary group (15.48±2.24) (p<0.001). No gender differences were recorded.
Conclusions. Physically active young people have a better postural balance than do the sedentary ones, as scored with the BESS.
Curriculum delivery in Medical Education during an emergency: A guide based on the responses to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Taha Mohamed H. , Abdalla Mohamed Elhassan , Wadi Majed , Khalafalla Husameldin
Published: April 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. The spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) has led the majority of countries worldwide to implement emergency lockdown plans to limit the spread of the virus; this has resulted in the interruption of on-campus school and university instruction. Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in medical education have varied from country to country, from closures of medical schools to online/distance learning approaches to abiding by country-specific measures such as social distancing to stop the spread of the disease.The sudden transition from on-campus learning to exclusively distance learning is challenging for both faculty and students and has required a lot of preparation and other efforts in a short time. This paper aims to share the experiences of four authors in the middle east that have dealt with the sudden transition from ordinary teaching and learning to fully online teaching.The process of Curriculum delivery in Medical Education during an emergency has included; establishing a sense of urgency, establishing working teams, conducting needs assessments, developing implementation plans, communicating the curriculum content, capacity building, managing students' stress, finding tools to be used, managing student engagement and motivation, student assessment, anticipating challenges and planning for how to overcome them, and monitoring and evaluation of curriculum implementation and continuous improvement.The proposed process will hopefully assist the medical schools in response to the current pandemic (COVID-19) and when facing similar situations.
Variability and adaptive norm in the system "man-technology-environment, MTE"
Authors: Kazarian Ruben , Komarov Nikolay , Chulkov Vitaly , Cazarian Dora
Published: April 2020

Distinguish between hereditary (mutational and combinative) and non-hereditary (modification or phenotypic) variability in the human body. Modificational variability arises as a result of interaction with the surrounding environment, the effects of factors which different people react differently. There is the concept of "reaction norm" as the limit of modification variability, within the capabilities of a particular person. In most cases, modification is a useful adaptive response of the organism, is adaptive in nature (adaptive norm). Adaptive nature is usually inherent in modifications that are caused by the impact of typical factors of a particular environment. If the organism falls under the influence of an unusual factor (for example, exposure to chemicals and radiation), or the intensity of the usual factor is sharply increased, then non-adaptive modifications (morphoses) often manifest themselves as deformities. The wider the norm of the reaction, the higher the human adaptation potential. Unlike mutations, modifications have a different degree of resistance. Many modifications disappear soon after the factor that caused them ceases to function. Others can persist in a person throughout his life. The article considers the possibility of using the achievements of molecular and physico-chemical biology in a comprehensive study of the problem of the normal functioning of the human body in conditions of heightened activity in construction. The authors believe that it is extremely necessary to study the patterns of changes in the state of the adaptive norm of the human body at the level of the genetic apparatus, using the latest developments in nanotechnology. The possibility of enzymatic regulation of alternative ways of regulation by transhypophyseal mechanisms is considered. The concept of the norm of a living system as a hierarchy of structure and functional control is proposed. This hierarchical principle unites the levels of atomic and molecular interactions, realized at negligible distances, to the level of interactions in human society that take place at very great distances, and thanks to which society is an organized system.
Dialogue between doctor and patient: modern realities
Authors: Leskova Irina , Tiapina Svetlana , Zhuchenko Daria
Published: April 2020

The purpose of the scientific article – to clarify the current state of communication dyad «doctor – patient». On the basis of these in-depth interviews with doctors to show the realities occurring in the relationship between the doctor and the patient about the unity and harmony, mutual claims, trust in the choice of treatment, awareness of mutual responsibility. Questions of professional competence of the doctor, social and psychological contact between doctors and patients are raised. The average characteristics of a modern patient and a modern doctor are proposed. The most common social and psychological problems that negatively affect the process of communication between the doctor and the patient are listed. Discussed on the theme of social portrait of the «ideal» patient. The current views on the modern realities of domestic medicine and health care are discussed.

The main errors in the behavior of a typical patient at a doctor’s appointment are indicated. It is established that in the media and literature the issue of compliance with ethical standards, principles and rules of responsible behavior at the doctor’s appointment is not given due attention. It is emphasized that the modern patient should know that in addition to the rights, there are legally prescribed obligations that should be followed. It is emphasized that there is a need to establish the boundaries of patient responsibility and responsibility of health workers. It is specified that in the conditions of change of views on health protection from the principle of administrative and legal positions on civil, medical care began to be called medical service which from the point of view of the civil law is understood as the compensated bilateral transaction granting the parties equal rights, duties and responsibility. It is generalized that the negative attitude to the state medicine is more forced and maintained artificially.

It is summarized that in the relations between doctors and patients, a public request for a new partner model of their interaction has long been formed.
Hyperbolic spiral model for predicting reverse fault ruptures in sand based on centrifuge tests
Authors: Yao Chaofan , Takemura Jiro , Guo Wenqi , Yan Qixiang
Published: April 2020

Fault deformation can cause severe damage to structures located within the fault zones. A logarithmic spiral model was developed by D. A. Cole and P. V. Lade in 1984 to predict the shapes and locations of fault ruptures in sand caused by dip–slip faulting, based on 1g sandbox tests. However, it shows poor predictions for reverse fault ruptures observed in centrifuge tests. In this study, centrifuge modelling of reverse faulting was performed to explore the reasons for the poor predictions by the logarithmic spiral model. These faulting tests were conducted in free-field conditions with different sand densities and soil thicknesses. Based on results of centrifuge tests from both the present study and previous research studies, a hyperbolic spiral model is proposed to predict approximately the shapes and locations of reverse fault ruptures in sand. The results show that the 45° − ϕmax/2 rather than 45° − ψmax/2 controls the surface direction angle of the outcropping rupture. Validation of the hyperbolic spiral model shows a promising prediction in centrifuge tests both in the present study and previous research studies.
"Revitalize or Stabilize": Does Community Development Financing Work?
Authors: Ringo Daniel
Published: April 2020

Banks in the United States originate $100 billion in community development loans every year and hold a similar amount of community development investments on their balance sheets. A number of federal place-based policies encourage the provision of these loans and investments to promote growth, employment and the availability of affordable housing to disadvantaged communities. Research into the effectiveness of privately supplied community development financing has been hampered, however, by the lack of comprehensive data on banks' community development activities at a local level. Hand collected data from thousands of Community Reinvestment Act performance evaluations fill this gap. Using these data, the effect of the supply of community development funding on local economic outcomes is estimated. Endogeneity of community development financing to local demand factors is addressed, exploiting the fact that banks exhibit fixed tendencies to engage in community development financing across markets. Shifts in the share of local deposit markets toward banks with a greater tendency to supply community development loans are associated with subsequent expansion in total employment and wages paid. Estimates suggest $56,000 in community development lending is required to create one job, on net. There is no measurable effect on the supply of affordable housing or the growth of house prices. Counties experiencing a shift in local deposit market shares toward community development intensive banks were on similar pre-trends as the rest of the country in the years prior to the shift, as measured across a range of economic and credit market outcomes.
Medición del valor del cliente
Authors: Díaz-Peláez Alejandro , Serna-Gómez Humberto
Published: April 2020

Hoy día, medir el valor para los accionistas es una práctica incorporada en el mundo de la valoración de las empresas.  Estas valoraciones generalmente no incluyen al cliente como un activo generador de valor, por lo que desde el marketing se propone una visión en la que el cliente es concebido como un activo intangible de la empresa, un agente generador de valor que se construye y desarrolla durante su ciclo de vida, a través de un proceso de relaciones perdurables en un periodo de tiempo determinado. En tal sentido, el Valor Presente Neto del cliente como línea de base, permite predecir el valor del cliente, además facilita la definición de las estrategias comerciales y de mercado y por ende para que su ciclo de vida sea generador de valor tanto como para el cliente como para la empresa. Así, el cálculo del valor del cliente durante el ciclo de vida de un contrato o compromiso, respaldado por medidas como la atracción, retención, profundidad de penetración del producto y/o servicio, satisfacción o número de referencias integra herramientas de evaluación que permiten a una empresa tener una mayor comprensión del valor generado por su inversión en el cliente como un verdadero activo de la organización.
Modelo de planeación para la inversión tecnológica en centros de investigación universitarios
Authors: Martínez Garcés Josnel , Barreto Fereira Javier
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: Caracterizar el proceso de planeación de la inversión tecnológica en centros de investigación universitarios, específicamente, en los que integran el núcleo humanístico de la Universidad del Zulia (LUZ), Venezuela.  Metodología: La investigación fue de tipo descriptiva con diseño de campo no experimental y de corte transeccional. Para recolectar los datos, se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado por 36 preguntas, dirigido a los directores de cada uno de los diecisiete (17) centros de investigación que componen el núcleo humanístico de la Universidad del Zulia (Venezuela). Por lo anterior, no fue necesario aplicar técnicas de muestreo sino el levantamiento de un censo poblacional. Resultados y Conclusiones: Los resultados permiten concluir que se hacen planes para la inversión tecnológica en todos los niveles de la estructura organizativa (estratégico, funcional y operativo), pero es necesario mejorar la comunicación de estos planes entre los diversos actores de los centros de investigación con el fin de garantizar su correcto seguimiento y efectivo cumplimiento.