bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual orientation discrimination skills are tightly linked with specific aspects of human intelligence
Authors: Mikellidou Kyriaki , Lambrou Nefeli , Georgiou Ellada , Avraamides Marios
Published: October 2023

We investigate the notion that basic visual information is acting as a building block for more complex cognitive processes in humans. Specifically, we measured individual visual orientation discrimination thresholds to report significant correlations against the total standardised intelligence quotient (IQ), verbal-IQ and non-verbal IQ scores evaluated using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence Second Edition (WASI-II) test battery comprising Verbal Reasoning, Block Design, Similarities and Matrix Reasoning subtests (N = 92). A multiple linear regression analysis showed that participants’ performance in our visual discrimination task, could be explained only by individual scores in Verbal Reasoning which quantifies the ability to comprehend and describe words and Matrix Reasoning, which evaluates general visual processing skills including abstract and spatial perception. Our results demonstrate that low-level visual abilities and high-level cognitive processes are more tightly interwoven together than previously thought and this result could pave the way for further research on how cognition can be defined by basic sensory processes.
Average current mode controller for bridgeless PFC SEPIC converter with second-order model reduction operated in continuous conduction mode
Authors: Rai Nor Akmal , Abdul Aziz Mohd Junaidi , Sahid Mohd Rodhi , Husain Abdul Rashid , Anjum Waqas , Low Wen Yao
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes an average current mode controller (ACMC) for a single-phase bridgeless power factor correction (PFC) circuit using a single ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) via second-order model reduction. The superiority of the proposed controller is PFC accomplished at power up to 350 W with high efficiency via the second-order model reduction. The design and implementation of ACMC on the converter operated with continuous conduction mode (CCM) is explained in detail. ACMC forces input current to follow sinusoidal current reference at different power levels and sustain high power factor (PF). The proposed controller is designed based on the theoretical analysis operation of the circuit. For verification, MATLAB/Simulink simulations are carried out and validation through an experiment test rig for 110—220Vrmsinput, 100Vdc/ 350 W output prototype at 20 kHz switching frequency. It is proven that the proposed controller strategy accomplishes high PF, high efficiency and conformity with the simulation.
Roadblocks in education amidst global crisis—A study based in India
Authors: Dayal Surbhi , Pratibha
Published: October 2023

Background

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic compelled the closure of educational institutions and forced students to complete nearly two years of schooling online, impacting their physical and emotional development tremendously. This exploratory study investigates the wide-ranging impact of online education on Indian students during the COVID-19 pandemic and discusses the challenges exacerbated by disparities in access to digital devices and reliable internet service. The paper also focuses on the physical and mental health issues that arose in student cohorts as a result of the abrupt shift to online learning, and investigates the relationship between students’ socioeconomic status and the nature and frequency of health issues experienced by them.

Methods

A total of 832 respondents completed a 40-item survey that was administered online and through interviews. The paper analysed the impact of access to digital resources and teachers’ training in information and communication technology on the perception of the quality of education provided by the institutions. We further analysed the impact of the adoption of online educational platforms on students’ mental and physical health.

Results

The study found a positive relationship between the number of hours spent online, and the physical and mental health issues experienced by students. Participants reported an overall higher perception of stress and anxiety, loss of concentration, and dissatisfaction with the quality of education. Our data suggest that COVID-19 has exacerbated the digital divide.

Discussion

Urgent investments are needed to provide universal access to reliable internet services, and to develop a pedagogy that supports an agile and adaptable educational system, capable of providing effective learning and evaluation, while supporting students’ physical and mental health.
Parent psychological distress and parent-child relationships two years into the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from a Canadian cross-sectional study
Authors: Thomson Kimberly C. , Jenkins Emily , Gill Randip , Hastings Katherine G. , Richardson Chris G. , Gagné Petteni Monique , McAuliffe Corey , Gadermann Anne M.
Published: October 2023

Background

Mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have not been felt equally within populations. Parents with children living at home were early on identified as a population at heightened mental health risk, with concerns about the potential long-term impacts of the pandemic on parents’ mental health, family functioning, and children’s well-being. This study investigates impacts of the pandemic on parents’ psychological distress, contextual sources of distress, and associations with family functioning nearly two years into the pandemic.

Methods and findings

Data were drawn from a national cross-sectional survey of adults living in Canada in November and December 2021 that was representative by age, gender, household income, and region. Parents with children < 18 years old living at home (N = 553) reported their experiences of psychological distress, pandemic-related stressors, coping mechanisms, and family functioning (changes in parent-child interactions, children’s anxiety). Chi-square tests, logistic regression, and linear regression analyses examined sociodemographic inequities in parents’ levels of psychological distress, sources and mitigating mechanisms of distress, and associations between psychological distress and family functioning. Nearly two years into the pandemic, parents with children at home reported nearly double pre-pandemic population estimates of moderate to severe psychological distress. Psychological distress was more frequently reported among parents with pre-existing mental health conditions, disabilities, and financial stressors. Parents with greater psychological distress reported increases in negative parent–child interactions due to the pandemic and higher anxiety among their children.

Conclusions

This study identifies sustained negative impacts of the pandemic on parents’ mental health and family functioning in Canada nearly two years into the pandemic, despite high vaccine uptake and declining infection rates. Disparities in financial stress, social support structures, and pre-existing mental health were identified as underlying sources of psychological distress. These results highlight that meaningful responses to promote mental health among parents and families must address social and structural inequities.
Are most published research findings false? Trends in statistical power, publication selection bias, and the false discovery rate in psychology (1975–2017)
Authors: Schneck Andreas
Published: October 2023

The validity of scientific findings may be challenged by the replicability crisis (or cases of fraud), which may result not only in a loss of trust within society but may also lead to wrong or even harmful policy or medical decisions. The question is: how reliable are scientific results that are reported as statistically significant, and how does this reliability develop over time? Based on 35,515 papers in psychology published between 1975 and 2017 containing 487,996 test values, this article empirically examines the statistical power, publication bias, and p-hacking, as well as the false discovery rate. Assuming constant true effects, the statistical power was found to be lower than the suggested 80% except for large underlying true effects (d = 0.8) and increased only slightly over time. Also, publication bias and p-hacking were found to be substantial. The share of false discoveries among all significant results was estimated at 17.7%, assuming a proportion θ = 50% of all hypotheses being true and assuming that p-hacking is the only mechanism generating a higher proportion of just significant results compared to just nonsignificant results. As the analyses rely on multiple assumptions that cannot be tested, alternative scenarios were laid out, again resulting in the rather optimistic result that although research results may suffer from low statistical power and publication selection bias, most of the results reported as statistically significant may contain substantial results, rather than statistical artifacts.
Perinatal complications of the maternal–Fetal dyad in primiparous women subjected to vaginal delivery versus elective cesarean section: A retrospective study of clinical results associated with bioethical precepts
Authors: Mascarenhas Silva Carlos Henrique , Soares Laranjeira Cláudia Lourdes , Barros de Melo Carolina Soares , Brandão Lorena Ventura , Oliveira Gabriela Costa , Brandão Augusto Henrique Fulgêncio , Nunes Rui
Published: October 2023

The obstetrics field is undergoing transformation and committing to ensuring the autonomy of pregnant women in decisions related to birth based on scientific information. The physiological process of birth typically results in vaginal delivery, but medicine has evolved to include obstetric surgeries that are safe and result in few perioperative complications, especially when cesarean section is performed from 39 weeks of gestational age. Thus, the question is whether clinicians should interfere with pregnant women’s freedom to choose their mode of delivery by trying to persuade them to choose vaginal delivery. The objective was to analyze the perinatal complications of the maternal–fetal dyad in primiparous women subjected to vaginal delivery versus elective cesarean section with respect to the bioethical precepts of autonomy, beneficence and nonmaleficence. In total, 2,507 women, including 1,807 (72.1%) with vaginal deliveries and 700 (27.9%) with cesarean deliveries, were analyzed between 2017 and 2020. There was no difference between the types of delivery in maternal readmission, death, admission to the intensive care unit, an Apgar score <7 in the 5th minute of life, maternal blood transfusion or comorbidities of the mothers or newborns. The elective cesarean section group showed less need for therapeutic uterotonics. In primigravidae, it was observed that elective cesarean section did not present a higher risk of complications than vaginal delivery. Therefore, this guarantees the autonomy and right of the individual to choose the mode of delivery.
Understanding satisfaction and dissatisfaction of patients with telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic: An exploratory qualitative study in primary care
Authors: Pogorzelska Karolina , Marcinowicz Ludmila , Chlabicz Slawomir
Published: October 2023

Background

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare organizations had to face challenging circumstances and modify the usual modality of service provision, introducing telehealth services in their routine patient care to lessen the risk of direct human-to-human exposure. Patients expressed concerns about personal visits to healthcare units and the possibility of accessing telemedicine turned out to be an effective tool for the continuity of care. Due to the limited experience with telemedicine before the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland, we sought to fill this gap by studying the experiences of Polish patients. Our study aimed to understand how patients define satisfaction and dissatisfaction with telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic in primary care.

Material and methods

Twenty semi-structured interviews with primary care patients in the Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland were conducted to understand satisfaction with telemedicine.

Interview transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The qualitative content analysis process involved familiarizing ourselves with the data, extracting text regarding satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the teleconsultation, condensing it into meaningful units assigning codes to them, and organizing codes into subcategories and categories. The entire analysis process was done through reflection and discussion until a consensus was reached between the researchers.

Results

From the participants’ perspective, satisfaction with telemedicine was associated with receiving enough space to express their concerns. It was reported that they trusted their primary care physicians and felt comfortable during telemedicine consultations. Participants noted that connecting with a known, trusted doctor was more important than having a face-to-face visit with an unfamiliar physician. In our study, the participants equated satisfaction with treatment effectiveness. It was emphasized that in the event of unknown or unstable conditions, patients would prefer to be seen in person and receive a physical examination.

Conclusion

In our research telemedicine met with a positive reception and was recognized by the majority of patients who made use of it as a valuable channel of contact with a primary care physician. In order to increase the level of patient satisfaction, the focus should be on improving aspects such as physician engagement and showing empathy during telemedicine, as well as providing complete, exhaustive information on the treatment process. Respecting patient needs and preferences during performing telemedicine visits is the goal of patient-centered care.
Preputial phantasies in Lisa Braver Moss’s The Measure of His Grief
Authors: Allan Jonathan A.
Published: October 2023

Penile circumcision remains a topic that divides people. This article considers Lisa Braver Moss’s novel, The Measure of His Grief, which tells the story of a character who begins to reconsider his own circumcision. Over the course of the novel, Dr Sandy Waldman studies circumcision and the foreskin, as well as anti-circumcision activism and foreskin restoration. This article thus aims to read the novel in light of foreskin restoration and intactivist politics. Additionally, this article considers the relationship amongst the foreskin, circumcision and masculinity.
Handling of time delays in system identification with regularized FIR models
Authors: Kösters Tarek , Illg Christopher , Nelles Oliver
Published: October 2023

System identification with finite impulse response (FIR) models has been recently revised by introducing specific forms of regularization in the estimation. By utilizing prior knowledge of the dynamic process under investigation different kernels for regularization can be derived. However, the dynamical processes considered are mainly restricted to time-delay free systems. Therefore, in this paper we propose two novel methods to handle the time-delay case. Both methods incorporate the time-delay estimation in the hyperparameter optimization of the regularized FIR models. The first method is built on a single kernel (SK) and the second utilizes a multiple kernel (MK) approach. Simulations on different dynamical systems show the superior behavior of both methods in comparison to standard regularization methods, whereupon the MK outperforms the SK approach.
Japanese tertiary students’ perceptions of group work with explicit scaffolding
Authors: Morgan Emily
Published: October 2023

Over several decades, small group work has been studied in first language (L1) and second or subsequent language (L2) education, including English language learning contexts. Group work has been shown to be beneficial to language learning and general learning. L2 English students from non-student-centred educational backgrounds have limited experience of group work and often have poor attitudes towards it. Student attitudes can affect how well a student performs and engages with group work, so that poor attitudes may prevent them from accessing the full range of benefits of this learning method. Group work is common in English-medium education contexts, including university settings and work settings. Therefore, it is important to ensure that L2 English language students wishing to study or work in English-medium contexts develop a positive attitude towards group work. This can be done through scaffolding. In the present project, scaffolded group work was used in an English writing program for L2 students at a Japanese university. Student perceptions of group work were collected throughout the program to assess the change of attitude over time. Results showed that students’ perceptions of group work changed positively, particularly regarding personal learning and collaborative processes. Implications for language learning are discussed.
Green synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antibacterial activities of cobalt nanoparticles produced by marine fungal speciesPericonia prolifica
Authors: Hodhod Mohamed S. , Gaafar Abdel-Rhman Z. , AlMunqedhi Bandar M. , Elzein Abdalla
Published: October 2023

Bio-nanotechnology provided an ecofriendly synthesis route for various metal nanoparticles by utilizing different biological systems, especially microorganisms, which act as an alternative to the physical and chemical methods. Cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) were synthesized byPericonia prolifica(Anast.) from intertidal decayed wood samples from the mangrove treeAvicennia marina(Forsk.) of Tarout Island, located in the Arabian Gulf Sea of Saudi Arabia. CoNPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscope. The extract of the culture ofP. prolificawas used as a bio-reductant agent, during which the culturing process proved to have great potential to be applied on an industrial scale, as it was a time-saving, inexpensive, and adequate amount of biomass being produced at the end of the process. A preliminary antibacterial test against one Gram-positive resistant bacteria (i.e., Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus) and other Gram-negative resistant bacteria was performed using a disk diffusion assay. The antibacterial results witnessed the key role that metal size plays in causing higher activity and also in causing severe damage to the bacterial cells by inactivating its membrane permeability, leading to bacterial cell death.
Mutual volatility transmission between assets and trading places
Authors: Masuhr Andreas , Trede Mark
Published: October 2023

This article proposes a framework to model the mutual volatility transmission between multiple assets and multiple trading places in different time zones. The model is estimated using a dataset containing daily returns of three stock indices – the MSCI Japan, the EuroStoxx 50, and the S&P 500 – each traded at three major trading places: the stock exchanges in Tokyo, London, and New York. Strong volatility transmission effects can be observed between New York and Tokyo, whereas current volatility in New York mostly depends on past volatility in New York. For the assets in consideration, spillovers are strong across trading zones, but weak across assets, suggesting a close connection between market places but only a loose volatility link between international stock indices. Volatility impulse response functions indicate a long-lasting and comparably large response of volatility in Tokyo, whereas they suggest a quicker volatility decay in London and New York.
Meinungsfreiheit und Moralismus
Authors: Neuhäuser Christian
Published: October 2023

In Germany, like in many other liberal countries, there is an extensive public discourse about freedom of speech being at risk. It will be insisted in this contribution that on the one hand, freedom of speech as a subjective right of basic law is not endangered. On the other hand, it should be acknowledged that in public discourse moralistic exaggerations are quite common. Against this background, the paper asks when different opinions are to be respected and at what point it is permitted or even required to condemn them as immoral. The basic argument advanced here is that opinions should be respected as long as they are based in or at least supported by reasonable moral theories. Those opinions that do not have such a support can be labelled as properly immoral and criticized as such.
Ein Exzerpt aus Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der bloßen Vernunft aus dem Schiller-Nachlass
Authors: Sommer Niklas
Published: October 2023

In this paper, I shall draw attention to an as yet unpublished excerpt of a part of Kant’s Religionsschrift (Religion within the Limits of Reason Alone) written by an unknown author that has been found in Schiller’s literary remains, labelled by the Goethe-Schiller-Archiv as ‘general working material’. A note on the excerpt itself marks it as pertaining to the first edition of Kant’s text. A few questions arise from that find: First, which parts of Kant’s text does the excerpt represent? Secondly, does it really refer to the first edition of the Religionsschrift? Thirdly and fourthly, who authored it and how did it get into Schiller’s hands? I shall answer the first two questions by providing a tentative transcription based on which I am going to argue that the excerpt treats the first pages of the first part of Kant’s Religionsschrift and does not refer to the first, but indeed the second edition from 1794. As far as the last two questions are concerned, no definitive answer can be given. Instead I detail Schiller’s endeavours and personal contacts around the time of the publication of the Religionsschrift’s second edition, which might provide some clues as to the possible author for future investigations. Furthermore I outline the impact Kant’s discourse had on Schiller’s own philosophical works, i.e. his essay On Grace and Dignity.
Back from the Future. Remarks on Temporality and Totality in the Birth of Classical German Philosophy
Authors: Prestifilippo Agustín Lucas
Published: October 2023

In this paper I propose to study the different combinations between temporality and the idea of totality in the beginning of Classical German Philosophy. In order to do that I will analyze the image of liberation in the philosophical and practical articulation of a new mythology in the manuscript “The Oldest Systematic Program of German Idealism”, and the outlines of a theory of the Spirit in the documents written by Hegel in the first part of his Jena stage, more specifically, in the fragments of the period 1803/04. For this purpose I will take as specific objects the figures of an “eternal unity” [dieewige Einheit] to come and of an “absolute becoming” [das absolute Werden] of Spirit. The hypothesis I intend to develop holds that the confrontation of these two images can lead to duplicated consequences: on the one hand, this comparison would make it possible to relativize the binary readings that oppose as terms of a simple contradiction both conceptual lineages, Idealism and Romanticism. On the other hand it would express an insurmountable tension between two ways of thinking about the relationship between time and totality.
Performance analysis of SRFT based D-STATCOM for power quality improvement in distribution system under different loading conditions
Authors: Sirohi Vijay , Saggu Tejinder Singh , Singh Mandeep
Published: October 2023

Presently the term “Power Quality” is gaining more and more attention due to different kinds of non-linearities induced by various converters used in the industries. Power quality is all about assessing and maintaining optimal quality of power during various stages of the power system ranging from generation to distribution. This research intends to provide a better understanding to various researchers about the applications of the Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM) in mitigating various power quality concerns typically focused on harmonics elimination and voltage profile improvement. D-STATCOM is designed and installed in the distribution network to maintain reactive power demand, harmonic mitigation, and power factor correction. A Synchronous Reference Frame Theory (SRFT) based control technique is adopted to extract reference current. The behavior of the system with and without D-STATCOM is analyzed in detail for various loads. As a result, this study presents various ideas, adjustments, and compensating methods for several loading conditions. Finally, it is found that the current THD has been considerably improved under various loading conditions.
What cues do children use to infer the meaning of unknown words while reading? Empirical data from German-speaking third graders
Authors: Röthlisberger Martina , Brugger Ladina , Juska-Bacher Britta
Published: October 2023

During the development of reading skills in primary school, children begin to make guesses about unfamiliar words when reading a text. This process of lexical inference is an important source of new vocabulary acquisition. In the present study, 55 children with a wide range of reading skills and vocabulary knowledge were asked to infer the meaning of unknown words (i.e., pseudowords) inserted into a short story and to provide insight into their inferencing processes. The results show that children use a variety of cues. While learners with higher reading skills and vocabulary knowledge tend to be more successful inferencers and rely more on contextual cues, the evidence for the use of phonological cues is limited. Furthermore, in 20 percent of the cases, children were able to recall the meaning of a pseudoword already mentioned in the text.
A hatékonyság és a vállalati kompetenciák kapcsolatának vizsgálata a magyar kisvállalatoknál DEA módszer segítségével
Authors: KISS Tibor , SZERB László , KRABATNÉ FEHÉR Zsófia , RIDEG András
Published: October 2023

Ez a tanulmány a magyarországi kisvállalati szektor kompetenciáinak pénzügyi hatékonyságát vizsgálja a nagykereskedelmi iparág példáján keresztül, a PTE KTK Kisvállalati Versenyképességi Kutatócsoport által biztosított egyedülálló adatállomány alapján. A tanulmányban két fontos kérdésre keressük a választ. Egyrészt, hogy mi a kapcsolat a kisvállalatok kompetenciái és a rövid távú pénzügyi hatékonyság között, másrészt, hogy a hatékony kisvállatokra jellemző-e, hogy hasonló inputkombinációkkal rendelkeznek. Az inputtényezőket a Kisvállalati Versenyképességi Index (KVI) tíz kompetenciapillére adja. Outputként két termelékenységi arányszámot alkalmazunk. A tíz kompetenciapillér főkomponens-elemzéssel két markáns csoportra osztható: a termelési és a fogyasztóorientált kompetenciák csoportjára. Vizsgálati módszerként a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) elemzést alkalmazzuk. Kutatásunk eredményeként az találtuk, hogy a hatékony cégek versenyképessége rövid távon szignifikánsan alacsonyabbnak bizonyul a nem hatékony cégekénél, ami a kompetenciák fejlesztésének csökkenő marginális hatékonyságának tételét erősíti. Látható az is, hogy a vizsgált szektorban nem alakul ki a kompetenciák egy vagy néhány domináns konfigurációja, ami azt mutatja, hogy a kisvállalatok nem igazán tanulnak egymástól.
Can We Predict Long-Duration Running Power Output? Validity of the Critical Power, Power Law, and Logarithmic Models
Authors: Ruiz-Alias Santiago A. , Ñancupil-Andrade Alberto A. , Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , García-Pinillos Felipe
Published: October 2023

Ruiz-Alias, SA, Ñancupil-Andrade, AA, Pérez-Castilla, A, and García-Pinillos, F. Can we predict long-duration running power output? Validity of the critical power, power law, and logarithmic models. J Strength Cond Res 38(2): 306–310, 2024—Predicting long-distance running performance has always been a challenge for athletes and practitioners. To ease this task, different empirical models have been proposed to model the drop of the running work rate with the increase of time. Therefore, this study aims to determine the validity of different models (i.e., CP, power law, and Peronnet) to predict long-duration running power output (i.e., 30 and 60 minutes). In a 4-week training period, 15 highly trained athletes performed 7-time trials (i.e., 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60 minutes) in a randomized order. Then, their power-duration curves (PDCs) were defined through the work-time critical power model (CPwork), power-1/time (CP1/time), 2-parameter hyperbolic (CP2hyp), 3-parameter hyperbolic (CP3hyp), the undisclosed Stryd (CPstryd), and Golden Cheetah (CPcheetah) proprietary models, and the power law and Peronnet models using the 3 to 20 minutes time trials. These ones were extrapolated to the 30- and 60-minute power output and compared with the actual performance. The CP2hyp, CP3hyp, CPstryd, and CPcheetah provided valid 30- and 60-minute power output estimations (≤2.6%). The CPwork and CP1/time presented a large predicting error for 30 minutes (≥4.4%), which increased for 60 minutes (≥8.1%). The power law and Peronnet models progressively increased their predicting error at the longest duration (30 minutes: ≤−1.6%; 60 minutes: ≤−6.6%), which was conditioned by the endurance capability of the athletes. Therefore, athletes and practitioners are encouraged to applicate the aforementioned valid models to their PDC to estimate the 30-minute and 60-minute power output.
ADP Ribosylation Factor 4 (Arf4) Regulates Radial Migration through N-Cadherin Trafficking during Cerebral Cortical Development
Authors: Hara Yoshinobu , Katsuyama Takehiko , Fukaya Masahiro , Sugawara Takeyuki , Shiroshima Tomoko , Sadakata Tetsushi , Osumi Noriko , Sakagami Hiroyuki
Published: October 2023

During the development of the cerebral cortex, N-cadherin plays a crucial role in facilitating radial migration by enabling cell-to-cell adhesion between migrating neurons and radial glial fibers or Cajar–Reztius cells. ADP ribosylation factor 4 (Arf4) and Arf5, which belong to the Class II Arf small GTPase subfamily, control membrane trafficking in the endocytic and secretory pathways. However, their specific contribution to cerebral cortex development remains unclear. In this study, we sought to investigate the functional involvement of Class II Arfs in radial migration during the layer formation of the cerebral cortex using mouse embryos and pups. Our findings indicate that knock-down of Arf4, but not Arf5, resulted in the stalling of transfected neurons with disorientation of the Golgi in the upper intermediate zone (IZ) and reduction in the migration speed in both the IZ and cortical plate (CP). Migrating neurons with Arf4 knock-down exhibited cytoplasmic accumulation of N-cadherin, along with disturbed organelle morphology and distribution. Furthermore, supplementation of exogenous N-cadherin partially rescued the migration defect caused by Arf4 knock-down. In conclusion, our results suggest that Arf4 plays a crucial role in regulating radial migration via N-cadherin trafficking during cerebral cortical development.
Changes in Behavior and Neural Dynamics across Adolescent Development
Authors: Liuzzi Lucrezia , Pine Daniel S. , Fox Nathan A. , Averbeck Bruno B.
Published: October 2023

Adolescence is an important developmental period, during which substantial changes occur in brain function and behavior. Several aspects of executive function, including response inhibition, improve during this period. Correspondingly, structural imaging studies have documented consistent decreases in cortical and subcortical gray matter volume, and postmortem histologic studies have found substantial (∼40%) decreases in excitatory synapses in prefrontal cortex. Recent computational modeling work suggests that the change in synaptic density underlie improvements in task performance. These models also predict changes in neural dynamics related to the depth of attractor basins, where deeper basins can underlie better task performance. In this study, we analyzed task-related neural dynamics in a large cohort of longitudinally followed subjects (male and female) spanning early to late adolescence. We found that age correlated positively with behavioral performance in the Eriksen Flanker task. Older subjects were also characterized by deeper attractor basins around task related evoked EEG potentials during specific cognitive operations. Thus, consistent with computational models examining the effects of excitatory synaptic pruning, older adolescents showed stronger attractor dynamics during task performance.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThere are well-documented changes in brain and behavior during adolescent development. However, there are few mechanistic theories that link changes in the brain to changes in behavior. Here, we tested a hypothesis, put forward on the basis of computational modeling, that pruning of excitatory synapses in cortex during adolescence changes neural dynamics. We found, consistent with the hypothesis, that variability around event-related potentials shows faster decay dynamics in older adolescent subjects. The faster decay dynamics are consistent with the hypothesis that synaptic pruning during adolescent development leads to stronger attractor basins in task-related neural activity.
The Dynamics of Self-Control Conflicts in Daily Life in Predicting Self-Control Success and Perceived Self-Regulatory Effectiveness
Authors: Britton Emily M. , Laurin Kristin , Grossmann Igor , Dorfman Anna , Oakes Harrison , Scholer Abigail A.
Published: October 2023

People often face conflicts where they must choose between their long-term goals and tempting alternatives. Using an open-ended daily diary design, we investigated the characteristics of self-control conflicts in daily life, both replicating and extending past work. Specifically, we examined the factors that affected self-control conflict success, as well as how the nature and resolution of the conflict affected general perceptions of self-regulatory effectiveness. Self-control conflicts varied considerably within-persons including the domain of the conflict, the use of strategies, and whether they were successfully resolved. There was also variability in people’s subjective perceptions of how pulled they felt towards the temptation and the opposing goal, as well as how difficult and important the overall decision was. Furthermore, these factors predicted whether a conflict was resolved successfully (i.e., in favor of the goal), with pull towards the temptation emerging as the strongest predictor. People were also more successful in resolving self-control conflicts when they reported using any type of self-regulatory strategy; no specific strategy emerged as most effective. On days when participants successfully resolved conflicts, they also felt more confident in their general ability to self-regulate. Overall, our findings largely conceptually replicate past work using an open-ended diary format, and suggest that factors influencing self-control conflict resolution are also linked to general feelings of self-regulatory effectiveness.
Hematopoietic stem cells undergo a lymphoid to myeloid switch in early stages of emergency granulopoiesis
Authors: Vanickova Karolina , Milosevic Mirko , Ribeiro Bas Irina , Burocziova Monika , Yokota Asumi , Danek Petr , Grusanovic Srdjan , Chiliński Mateusz , Plewczynski Dariusz , Rohlena Jakub , Hirai Hideyo , Rohlenova Katerina , Alberich‐Jorda Meritxell
Published: October 2023

Emergency granulopoiesis is the enhanced and accelerated production of granulocytes that occurs during acute infection. The contribution of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to this process was reported; however, how HSCs participate in emergency granulopoiesis remains elusive. Here, using a mouse model of emergency granulopoiesis we observe transcriptional changes in HSCs as early as 4 h after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. We observe that the HSC identity is changed towards a myeloid‐biased HSC and show that CD201 is enriched in lymphoid‐biased HSCs. While CD201 expression under steady‐state conditions reveals a lymphoid bias, under emergency granulopoiesis loss of CD201 marks the lymphoid‐to‐myeloid transcriptional switch. Mechanistically, we determine that lymphoid‐biased CD201+ HSCs act as a first response during emergency granulopoiesis due to direct sensing of LPS by TLR4 and downstream activation of NF‐κΒ signaling. The myeloid‐biased CD201− HSC population responds indirectly during an acute infection by sensing G‐CSF, increasing STAT3 phosphorylation, and upregulating LAP/LAP* C/EBPβ isoforms. In conclusion, HSC subpopulations support early phases of emergency granulopoiesis due to their transcriptional rewiring from a lymphoid‐biased to myeloid‐biased population and thus establishing alternative paths to supply elevated numbers of granulocytes.
Fracturas basicervicales tratadas con clavo intramedular con tornillo cefálico único. Serie de casos y revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Llarena-Barroso Cristina , Morales-Ortega Alejandro , López Orosa Carlos
Published: October 2023

Introducción: Debido a la inestabilidad rotatoria de las fracturas basicervicales, en estudios recientes, se sugiere el uso de una hoja espiral, doble tornillo o tornillos de compresión en lugar del tornillo cefálico único. Objetivo: Analizar los resultados de las fracturas basicervicales tratadas con tornillo cefálico único en nuestro centro. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de una serie de casos formada a partir de la revisión de todas las fracturas extracapsulares de fémur proximal tratadas con clavo intramedular con tornillo cefálico único entre 2016 y 2020. Se revisaron las historias clínicas y las radiografías de 269 pacientes, y solo 12 (6,4%) de ellos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión (fracturas en dos fragmentos no patológicas y con seguimiento mínimo de 9 meses). Se evaluaron diferentes factores, como distancia punta-ápex, posición del tornillo cefálico, calidad de la reducción, tiempo quirúrgico, complicaciones y reintervención, y se analizaron las posibles diferencias entre los pacientes que sufrieron complicaciones y los que no. Resultados: Cuatro de los 12 pacientes tuvieron una falla de la fijación que evolucionó a cut-out (única complicación identificada en la muestra). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre pacientes con cut-out o sin cut-out respecto al resto de las variables analizadas. Conclusiones: La elevada proporción de pacientes que desarrollaron cut-out sugiere considerar la hipótesis de que debería evitarse fijar las fracturas basicervicales con tornillo cefálico único. Dada su alta tasa de inestabilidad rotatoria, podría ser más apropiado el uso de implantes que la contrarresten.
Resultados iniciales del uso de cotilos de doble movilidad en pacientes >65 años con fractura de cadera. Análisis retrospectivo de 102 casos
Authors: Garabano Germán , Alonso Manuel Iñaki , Pérez Alamino Leonel , Jaime Adrián , Cullari Matías , Pesciallo César Á.
Published: October 2023

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio retrospectivo fue evaluar los resultados funcionales y la tasa de luxación en pacientes >65 años con fractura de cadera operados con prótesis de doble movilidad.
Materiales y Métodos: Se analizó a los pacientes tratados por una fractura de cadera entre 2017 y 2021. Se incluyó a pacientes >65 años, tratados con copas de doble movilidad y un seguimiento mínimo de 24 meses. Se analizaron los datos demográficos, las comorbilidades, los resultados funcionales (Parker y puntaje de Harris), las complicaciones (infección, luxación, aflojamiento), las reoperaciones y revisiones.
Resultados: Se trataron 102 fracturas de cadera (75 mediales y 27 intertrocantéricas) en 102 pacientes. El 72,5% eran mujeres (media de la edad 80.59 ± 6.92 años), el Índice de Comorbilidad de Charlson promedio fue de 4,71 y el puntaje ASA, 2,47. El 93,1% comenzó a caminar al segundo día de la cirugía. Según el puntaje de Harris, los resultados fueron excelentes o muy buenos en el 94,1%; los puntajes de Parker preoperatorio y posoperatorio no difirieron significativamente (p <0,05). El seguimiento promedio fue de 30 meses. Hubo 8 (7,84%) complicaciones: 2 (1,9%) casos de trombosis venosa profunda, 4 (3,9%) de tromboembolismo pulmonar, tres infecciones (2,9%) y una (0,9%) luxación. La tasa de reoperaciones fue del 2,9%.
Conclusiones: Con el empleo de copas de doble movilidad se obtuvieron resultados funcionales aceptables y una tasa de luxación relativamente baja (0,9%). Esto sugiere que estos implantes representan una opción en el tratamiento de estas lesiones.
CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF FRUCTOSE INTO 5-HYDROXYMETHYLFURFURAL BY USING Cr-MODIFIED KUNIPIA-F CLAY
Authors: Gadipelly Chandrakanth R. , Moradiya Keyur , Agarwal Ruchir , Mannepalli Lakshmi Kantam
Published: October 2023

Catalytic conversion of fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is investigated in detail using chromium-exchanged Kunipia-F clay (K550-Cr-calcined at 550°C) using dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as the solvent. The as-synthesized catalyst is characterized using XRD, ICE-AES, BET, SEM, FTIR, and EDX. The clay catalysts are initially screened for fructose conversion and HMF yield and then K550-Cr, which shows the superior activity amongst the catalysts understudy, is chosen for further experiments. Various reaction parameters like reaction temperature and time, catalyst dosage, initial substrate concentration, and catalyst reusability are studied in detail. The maximum HMF yield obtained is about 89% at milder reaction conditions (130°C for 3 h). The most interesting result is that the catalyst can be recovered easily without any loss and reused four times without loss in activity (HMF yield after five cycles is 88%).
Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ve Türk Sanatı Tarihi: Tetkik Gezileri ve Eser İncelemeleri
Authors: SIÇRAYIK Anılcan , TÜRKMEN Fatma Nalan
Published: October 2023

20. yüzyılın başlarında dünyada ve Türkiye’de Türk sanatı alanında yapılan çalışmalar henüz kurumsal bir nitelik kazanmamış olup, münferit araştırmacılar tarafından yürütülmüştür. Bu kurumsallaşma noksanlığına, Türk sanatının hususiyetlerini tespit etmeye yarayacak sanat eserleri hakkında bilgi ve yayın azlığı ile siyasi maksatlar da eklenince ortaya konulan yayınlarda Türk sanatı hakkında eksik ve yanlış değerlendirmeler yapılması sonucu doğmuştur. Böyle bir dönemde Türkiye’de siyasi anlamda önemli bir dönüşümü gerçekleştiren Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün, Türk sanatının mahiyetinin doğru anlaşılması üzerine yaptığı çalışmaları ve desteği bugüne kadar yeterince ele alınmamış bir konudur. Sosyal bilimlere bir bilim adamı seviyesinde merakı olan Gazi’nin, Türk sanatı sahasına olan ilgisi, okuma ve not alarak çalışma faaliyetlerinin yanı sıra müze ziyaretleri ile yaptığı eser incelemeleri vasıtasıyla da ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada özellikle Cumhurbaşkanlığı döneminde Atatürk’ün Türk sanatının kaynaklarını yerinde görmesi bakımından büyük önem taşıyan ve bir protokol ziyaretinden ziyade “tetkik gezisi” mahiyeti taşıyan eski eser ve müze ziyaretleri ile buralarda yaptığı eser incelemeleri ele alınmaktadır. Atatürk’ün müze ziyaretleri bugüne kadar araştırmalarda genellikle hatıralar üzerinden incelenmiş olup dönem basını ve arşivlerde yer alan belgeler çok fazla kullanılmamıştır. Makalede ele alınan bir diğer konu da Atatürk’ün taşınabilir Türk kültür objeleri (tarihi eserler) ile olan ilişkisidir. Bu konuda yeni tespitler ve yeniden yapılan değerlendirmeler ile hazırlanan araştırmanın temel kaynaklarını Cumhurbaşkanlığı Arşivi’nden temin edilen ve tamamı ilk kez yayınlanan belgeler ile dönemin günlük gazeteleri ve araştırma eserleri oluşturmaktadır.
Atatürk Döneminde İpek Böcekçiliğinin Geliştirilmesine Yönelik Atılan Adımlar (1923-1938)
Authors: İNGİNAR KEMALOĞLU Ayşegül
Published: October 2023

Öz

İpek böceği bakımı ve koza üretiminin oldukça eski tarihlere dayandığı Türkiye’de, üreticiler elde ettikleri bu ürünleri uzun yıllar işlemeden Avrupa pazarlarına ihraç etti. İlkel yöntemlerin dışında fabrikalarda kozaların işlenmesi ise ancak 19. yüzyılda mümkün oldu. Alınan vergilerin ve dolayısıyla üretimin artırılmasına yönelik girişimlerde bulunan Duyun-u Umumiye İdaresi, ipek böceği bakımı, dut ağaçlarının yetiştirilmesi ve koza üretimi üzerine eğitimler vermek için “Harir Darüttalimi” adı altında bir müessese açtı. Bu sayede 20. yüzyılın hemen başında üretim 1888 yılındaki seviyesine kıyasla 4 kattan fazla artış gösterdi. Ancak takip eden süreçte peş peşe yaşanan savaşlar, erkek nüfusun askere alınması, dutlukların tahrip edilmesi ve göçler üretim seviyesinin yaklaşık 72 kat düşmesine neden oldu. Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi’ne gelindiğinde ise ipek böcekçiliğinin ve ipek üretiminin yeniden ihya edilmesi üzerinde duruldu. Bu bağlamda Bursa’da bir “Böcekçilik Enstitüsü”nün kurulmasına karar verildi ve ardından Cumhuriyet öncesi koza üretiminin revaçta olduğu yerlerde ipek böcekçiliği mektepleri ve kursları açıldı. Yeni dutlukların oluşturulması için halka dut fidanları dağıtıldı. Atılan tüm bu adımlar sayesinde koza üretiminde yakalanan ivme, modern anlamda kurulan ilk ipek fabrikası olan “İpekiş” ile taçlandırılarak ülke içinde üretilen kozanın yine ülke içinde işlenerek nihai ürün haline getirilmesi sağlandı. Bu çalışmada Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde ipek böcekçiliği ve koza üretimini artırmak için atılan adımlar ile bu girişimler neticesinde alınan sonuçlar incelenmiştir.
Using the Results of Rosfinmonitorings Work in Criminal Proceedings
Authors: Tisen Olga , Grinenko Aleksandr
Published: October 2023

The Federal Financial Monitoring Service (Rosfinmonitoring) currently possesses complete and comprehensive information whose analysis makes it possible to monitor the whole chain of financial transactions, links, agreements through which criminal gains are legalized, transformed into other assets and the capital is then transferred abroad. However, to date the procedure for giving the results of Rosfinmonitorings financial investigations the status of evidence in the criminal process has not been legally regulated. Since Rosfinmonitoring is not a law enforcement body, or a subject of operative search and evidence-collection work, the materials of its financial investigations cannot be directly used as evidence in a criminal case and need legalization. As the information in the materials of a financial investigation constitutes bank secrecy, a direct attempt to use it as proof could be dismissed by the court as inadmissible evidence because it was obtained by law enforcement bodies without a court sanction. In order to give the status of admissible evidence to the information obtained during a financial investigation of the deposits and accounts of the persons involved, the investigator, with the agreement of the head of the investigation agency, or an inquiry officer, with the agreement of the prosecutor, should petition the court about the initiation of investigatory actions according to the procedure stated in Art. 165 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, and attach all the documents obtained from credit organizations as a result of the courts ruling to the materials of the criminal case. The authors present a comparative analysis of financial and preliminary investigations, describe the specifics of using the materials of financial investigations in criminal proceedings and the procedure of Rosfinmonitorings cooperation with law enforcement bodies with the goal of investigating and solving crimes.