bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do Muscle Mass and Body Fat Differ Between Elite and Amateur Natural Physique Athletes on Competition Day? A Preliminary, Cross-Sectional, Anthropometric Study
Authors: González-Cano Henar , Martín-Olmedo Juan J. , Baz-Valle Eneko , Contreras Carlos , Schoenfeld Brad J. , García-Ramos Amador , Jiménez-Martínez Pablo , Alix-Fages Carlos
Published: April 2024

González-Cano, H, Martín-Olmedo, JJ, Baz-Valle, E, Contreras, C, Schoenfeld, BJ, García-Ramos, A, Jiménez-Martínez, P, and Alix-Fages, C. Do muscle mass and body fat differ between elite and amateur natural physique athletes on competition day? A preliminary, cross-sectional, anthropometric study. J Strength Cond Res 38(5): 951–956, 2024—Natural physique athletes strive to achieve low body fat levels while promoting muscle mass hypertrophy for competition day. This study aimed to compare the anthropometric characteristics of natural amateur (AMA) and professional (PRO) World Natural Bodybuilding Federation (WNBF) competitors. Eleven male natural physique athletes (6 PRO and 5 AMA; age = 24.8 ± 2.3 years) underwent a comprehensive anthropometric evaluation following the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry protocol within a 24-hour time frame surrounding the competition. The 5-component fractionation method was used to obtain the body composition profile of the muscle, adipose, bone, skin, and residual tissues. Five physique athletes exceeded the 5.2 cutoff point of muscle-to-bone ratio (MBR) for natural athletes. Professional physique athletes were older than AMA physique athletes (p = 0.05), and they also presented larger thigh girths (p = 0.005) and bone mass (p = 0.019) compared with AMA physique athletes. Although no statistically significant between-group differences were observed in body mass, height, or body fat levels, PRO physique athletes exhibited a higher body mass index (BMI; AMA: 24.45 ± 0.12; PRO: 25.52 ± 1.01; p = 0.048), lean body mass (LBM; AMA: 64.49 ± 2.35; PRO: 69.80 ± 3.78; p = 0.024), fat-free mass (FFM; AMA: 71.23 ± 3.21; PRO: 76.52 ± 4.31; p = 0.05), LBM index (LBMI; AMA: 20.65 ± 0.52; PRO: 21.74 ± 0.85; p = 0.034), and fat-free mass index index (FFMI; AMA: 22.80 ± 0.22; PRO: 23.83 ± 0.90; p = 0.037) compared with AMA physique athletes. These findings highlight the unique characteristics and anthropometric differences between PRO and AMA natural physique athletes on competition day, emphasizing the significance of age, thigh girth, bone mass, BMI, LBM, FFM, and FFMI in distinguishing these 2 groups. Based on our findings, the established boundaries for muscle mass in natural physique athletes, based on FFMI and MBR, warrant reconsideration.
Statistical Tests for Sports Science Practitioners: Identifying Performance Gains in Individual Athletes
Authors: Harry John R. , Hurwitz Jacob , Agnew Connor , Bishop Chris
Published: April 2024

Harry, JR, Hurwitz, J, Agnew, C, and Bishop, C. Statistical tests for sports science practitioners: identifying performance gains in individual athletes. J Strength Cond Res 38(5): e264–e272, 2024—There is an ongoing surge of sports science professionals within sports organizations. However, when seeking to determine training-related adaptations, sports scientists have demonstrated continued reliance on group-style statistical analyses that are held to critical assumptions not achievable in smaller-sample team settings. There is justification that these team settings are better suited for replicated single-subject analyses, but there is a dearth of literature to guide sports science professionals seeking methods appropriate for their teams. In this report, we summarize 4 methods' ability to detect performance adaptations at the replicated single-subject level and provide our assessment for the ideal methods. These methods included the model statistic, smallest worthwhile change, coefficient of variation (CV), and standard error of measurement (SEM), which were discussed alongside step-by-step guides for how to conduct each test. To contextualize the methods' use in practice, real countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) test data were used from 4 (2 females and 2 males) athletes who complete 5 biweekly CMJ test sessions. Each athlete was competing in basketball at the NCAA Division 1 level. We concluded that the combined application of the model statistic and CV methods should be preferred when seeking to objectively detect meaningful training adaptations in individual athletes. This combined approach ensures that the differences between the tests are (a) not random and (b) reflect a worthwhile change. Ultimately, the use of simple and effective methods that are not restricted by group-based statistical assumptions can aid practitioners when conducting performance tests to determine athlete adaptations.
The Modified Reactive Strength Index Is a Valid Measure of Lower-Body Explosiveness in Male and Female High School Athletes
Authors: Witte Brandon C. , Schouten Tyler C. , Westphal Jessica A. , VanZile Adam W. , Jones Daniel D. , Widenhoefer Tricia L. , Dobbs Ward C. , Jagim Andrew R. , Luedke Joel A. , Almonroeder Thomas G.
Published: April 2024

Witte, BC, Schouten, TC, Westphal, JA, VanZile, AW, Jones, DD, Widenhoefer, TL, Dobbs, WC, Jagim, AR, Luedke, JA, and Almonroeder, TG. The modified reactive strength index is a valid measure of lower-body explosiveness in male and female high school athletes. J Strength Cond Res 38(8): 1428–1432, 2024—The modified reactive strength index (mRSI) is a commonly used metric to quantify lower-body explosiveness during countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. However, few studies have attempted to examine its validity as a measure of explosiveness, particularly among high school athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the mRSI as a measure of lower-body explosiveness among a relatively large sample of male and female high school athletes from various sports. As part of this study, male (n = 132) and female (n = 43) high school athletes performed CMJs, while ground reaction forces were recorded using a force platform. The vertical ground reaction force data collected during the CMJs were used to derive the following variables: peak force (PF), peak power, time to PF, time to take-off, peak rate of force development, and the mRSI. Principal component analysis was applied and reduced these variables into 2 components related to “force” and “speed.” The mRSI loaded on both the force (loading = 0.82) and speed (loading = −0.46) components, indicating that it incorporates elements of both force and speed, although it loaded more strongly on the force component than the speed component. The observed pattern of cross-loading suggests that the mRSI is generally a valid measure of lower-body explosiveness for male and female high school athletes.
Longitudinal Internal Training Load and Exposure in a High-Performance Basketball Academy
Authors: Lever Jonathon R. , Duffield Rob , Murray Andrew , Bartlett Jonathan D. , Fullagar Hugh H.K.
Published: April 2024

Lever, JR, Duffield, R, Murray, A, Bartlett, JD, and Fullagar, HHK. Longitudinal internal training load and exposure in a high-performance basketball academy. J Strength Cond Res 38(8): 1464–1471, 2024—This study describes the longitudinal training exposure (session counts) and internal training load (Rating of Perceived Exertion [RPE] and Session Rating of Perceived Exertion [sRPE]) of youth basketball players at a high-performance academy, based on the training year, training term, and playing position. Historical internal training load and training exposure data were collated from 45 male high-performance youth basketball athletes between 2015 and 2019. Data included session duration, RPE, sRPE, training type, and date. Linear mixed models and pairwise comparisons were performed on the weekly means and categorized by training year (year 1, year 2, year 3), term (term 1, term 2, term 3, term 4), and playing position (Backcourt, Frontcourt). Linear mixed models indicate that the individual athlete had the greatest influence on variance in training load and exposure. Significant differences were observed for increased session count, duration, and sRPE (p < 0.001) in year 2 compared with year 1. These measures also increased within each year whereby term 3 and term 4 (p < 0.001) were significantly greater than term 1 and term 2. No significant differences were observed between playing position (p > 0.05). Training exposure and internal training load increase in year 2 from year 1 for high-performance youth basketball academy athletes. Differences between training load and exposure for terms (i.e., training blocks) suggest the phase of season influences training prescription, while playing position has limited effect.
Ensuring Student Mental Wellbeing whilst introducing Block Mode Intensive Learning and Teaching
Authors: Allman Zoe
Published: April 2024

As De Montfort University, a UK-based University, introduced block delivery across the undergraduate portfolio the University sought to maintain a continued focus on, and commitment to, an institution-wide approach to embedding mental wellbeing.  With mental wellbeing relevant to the whole university community and recognising the power of transformational change to impact wellbeing, the university cross-examined student feedback to understand and ensure mental wellbeing.
An intensive block model was introduced at De Montfort University (DMU) from the start of the academic session 2022-23.  Undergraduate student experiences and learning from the initial months, focused on those in the Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Media, are presented alongside an examination of the methods and impact of embedding mental wellbeing in this new intensive mode; ensuring the continued institutional approach to embedding mental wellbeing in the curriculum, providing inclusive support for all learners.  The learning and impact identified from initial experiences indicate areas of strength and areas for development, enhancement and growth.  This article presents educational practice implications for other providers exploring and implementing block delivery in intensive learning and teaching modes.
The University’s HealthyDMU philosophy recognises mental wellbeing is relevant to all, informed by a social model of wellbeing, in which a student’s experience of mental wellbeing is directly related to their environment and experiences, based on the five ways to wellbeing (Aked, Marks, Cordon & Thompson, 2008).  Embedding this throughout the curriculum reduces wellbeing barriers to facilitate student success, establishing pro-active approaches to mental wellbeing and a health promoting environment.
This article provides a unique focus on student experience from the position of mental wellbeing embedded in curriculum design and delivery.  This paper presents an exploration of student responses to the introduction of intensive delivery at undergraduate level within a UK university, positioned around support for mental wellbeing.
Method of Image Compression Using Image Preprocessing, and Huffman and Quite Ok Image Algorithms
Authors:   Black Sea National University named after Petro Mohyla, Mykolaiv, Krainyk Y.M. , Dotsenko D.V. ,   Black Sea National University named after Petro Mohyla, Mykolaiv
Published: April 2024

The article reveals modern approaches to building a swarm system with an emphasis on the swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles. The main components of the architecture of the swarming system were considered: swarming model, communication network, control system. The difference between the principles of controlling individual UAV and a large group (swarm) of UAVs is considered. The importance and necessity of further development of methods and systems for managing swarm systems is outlined.
Creating the Most Common Types of Test Assignments Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors:   G.E. Pukhov Institute for Modelling in Energy Engineering  National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Taranowski A.O. , Samoylov V.D. ,   G.E. Pukhov Institute for Modelling in Energy Engineering  National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: April 2024

The paper considers extending the fundamental possibility of using AI technologies to create test assignments in order to cover the most common types thereof. While outlining the set of AI-based tools available for creating test assignments it substantiates the general approach to creating test assignments using AI technologies whereas the impact of negative factors inherent in them is levelled. The series of experiments undertaken allowed to confirm the possibility of creating the common types of test assignments using AI technologies as substantiated with the AI-based tools available as outlined. Which finally resulted in proposing ready to use prompt templates aimed at creating such types of test assignments as multiple-choice questions (single correct answer and multiple correct answers included), matching tests, sequence restoring tests, and short-answer questions for entering the expected value. Another series of experiments produced an important side effect of supporting prompt template that provides assistance in determining the type of test assignment relevant for an arbitrary text.
Scientific integrity in biomedical research is a global problem
Authors:   Department of Medical Biology, Parasitology and Genetics, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Paryzhak S. , Vari S. G. ,   International Research and Innovation in Medicine Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA;
Published: April 2024

Science contributes to globalization by creating new knowledge and technologies that can be shared and applied across different regions and cultures. The Regional Cooperation for Health, Science and Technology (RECOOP HST) Association combines the scientific output of partner organizations at the local and regional levels and uses it at the global level to prevent and eliminate major public health problems. Since research integrity (RI) varies among participating research organizations from the U.S.A. to Ukraine, RECOOP HST recognizes that high-quality research and outcomes, as measured by published papers, require a common understanding of scientific integrity and bioethics. During the last 15 years, RECOOP HST has organized workshops to educate scientists about the most devastating forms of research dishonesty: fabrication, falsification or plagiarism, which destroy trust and respect among scientists. Different types of research misconduct require different methods of detection and investigation. Now, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), various plagiarism-checking software has appeared. However, detecting fabrication and falsification is not so easy. In addition, AI should not be used to replace human reviewers, as there is currently insufficient evidence to support AI application in peer review. Two main approaches that RECOOP HST has taken to prevent misconduct and promote RI are evidence-based education and mentoring of students. Mentoring should take the form of informal discussions with students about responsible conduct of research and serving as a role model. Key strategies for promoting integrity include the development of institutional policies and the monitoring of activities with appropriate auditing of data. Keywords: fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, scientific and research integrity
Determination of thrombin and plasmin activity using the turbidimetric analysis of clot formation and dissolution in human blood plasma
Authors:   Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Udovenko A. , Makogonenko Ye. ,   Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;, Hornytska O. ,   Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;, Gogolinska, G. ,   Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;, Yusova, O. ,   Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;, Chernyshenko V. ,   Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
Published: April 2024

Based on the turbidimetric curve of formation and dissolution of a blood plasma clot initiated by the activated partial thromboplastin time reagent, a method for determining the coagulation component of thrombin activity and fibrinolytic activity of plasmin is proposed. The activity of thrombin was calculated by the value of the lag period, and plasmin by its amidase activity at the moment of complete dissolution of the clot. At the end of the lag period, about 0.45% of the available prothrombin was activated, and at the moment of complete dissolution of the clot 1.05% of the available plasminogen was activated. This method makes it possible to determine the ratio of the thrombin generation rate to that of plasmin, the time of clot formation to the time of its dissolution, as well as the overall hemostasis potential and coagulation and fibrinolytic components and their ratio. Keywords: coagulation, fibrinolysis, global hemostasis assay, plasmin generation, thrombin generation
Vitamin D(3) auto-/paracrine system in rat brain relating to vitamin D(3) status in experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors:   Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Shymanskyi I. , Lisakovska O. ,   Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine;, Khomenko A. ,   Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine;, Yanitska L. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine;, Veliky M. ,   Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine;
Published: April 2024

Growing evidence suggests that vitamin D3 (D3, cholecalciferol) deficiency and impaired signaling of the hormonally active form of D3, 1α,25(OH)2D3 (1,25D3), through its cellular receptor (VDR) can be significant risk factors for the development of numerous multifactorial diseases, including diabetes. Our investigation was aimed at researching the D3 status in relation to the state of the D3 auto-/paracrine system in the brain and clarifying the effectiveness of the therapeutic use of D3 as a neuroprotective agent in experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM was induced in male Wistar rats by a combination of a high fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin (25 mg/kg BW). Diabetic animals were treated with or without cholecalciferol (1,000 IU/kg BW, 30 days). The content of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D3) in blood serum and brain tissue was determined by ELISA. Analysis of mRNA expression of CYP24A1 and CYP27B1 genes was performed by RT-PCR. Protein levels of VDR, vitamin D3 binding protein (VDBP), CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 were investigated by Western blotting. A significant T2DM-associated decrease in the content of 25D3 in the blood serum was revealed, which correlated with a reduced content of this metabolite in the brain tissue. Impaired D3 status in animals with T2DM was accompanied by an increase in the levels of mRNA and protein of both 25D3 lα-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) and 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1), which, respectively, provide local formation and degradation in the nervous tissue of the hormonally active form of D3 – 1,25D3. At the same time, a significant T2DM-induced down-regulation of the brain content of VDBP was shown. In addition, diabetes caused a slight increase in the protein expression of the VDR, through which the auto-/paracrine effects of 1,25D3 are realized in the brain. We have established a complete or partial corrective effect of cholecalciferol on D3 status, its bioavailability in the CNS and the level of protein expression of CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 in the brain of rats with T2DM. Abnormal D3 status in animals with T2DM was accompanied by compensatory changes in the expression of key components of the auto-/paracrine vitamin D3 system. Cholecalciferol was demonstrated to be partially effective in counteracting the impairments caused by T2DM. Keywords: 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, brain, type 2 diabetes, vitamin D3, vitamin D3 auto-/paracrine system
RSV Vaccination Intention Among People Who Are or Plan to Become Pregnant
Authors: Saper Jennifer K. , Heffernan Marie , Simon Norma-Jean E. , Davis Matthew M. , Macy Michelle L.
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common pediatric infection, with young infants being at the highest risk of hospitalization and long-term sequela. New preventive agents have been recommended to prevent severe RSV illness in infants, including a vaccine administered during pregnancy. The current rates of recommended vaccination in pregnancy are suboptimal. Our objective was to characterize interest in RSV vaccination during pregnancy among people across the United States who were pregnant or planning to become pregnant.

METHODS

In March 2023, we conducted a national cross-sectional online survey of individuals 18 to 45 years old who were currently pregnant or trying to become pregnant on their perceptions of RSV-related illness and intentions to get vaccinated against RSV. We performed logistic regression analyses to determine the odds and predicted proportions of the likelihood of RSV vaccination during pregnancy, controlling for sociodemographic factors.

RESULTS

Of 1619 completed surveys, 1528 were analyzed. 54% of respondents indicated that they were “very likely” to get vaccinated against RSV during pregnancy. The perception of RSV as a serious illness was the strongest predictor of vaccination likelihood. In the full regression model, predicted proportions of “very likely” to vaccinate against RSV followed a similar pattern (63% if RSV infection was perceived as serious and likely, 55% if serious and unlikely, 35% if not serious; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

Raising awareness of RSV infection as likely and potentially serious for infants may be an influential component of targeted communications that promote RSV vaccine uptake during pregnancy.
Educar en tiempos de emergencia: interrupciones, continuidades y demandas del enfoque de género en la enseñanza
Authors:   Núcleo de Estudios en Educación, Géneros, Sexualidades y Cuerpos
Published: April 2024

Se presenta una indagación exploratoria sobre las percepciones de docentes y estudiantes en relación a la presencia del enfoque de género y la educación sexual integral (ESI), en distintos niveles del sistema educativo, en el contexto de la emergencia sanitaria por COVID–19. Mediante un diseño flexible se recogieron las percepciones de profesores y estudiantes, se analizaron los cuadernillos pedagógicos oficiales y se revisaron las propuestas didácticas virtuales de distintas instituciones. Los resultados identifican interrupciones, continuidades y nuevas demandas en torno al enfoque de género y la ESI, y una reorganización del espacio escolar en este particular escenario; con peso en tres dimensiones claves: la labor docente, el vínculo docentes–estudiantes y la relación escuelas–familias. Además, se visibilizan condiciones históricas del sistema educativo local, como los límites del puesto de trabajo, las posibilidades de cooperación entre docentes, los modos estudiantiles de resolución de la inequidad en el acceso al conocimiento y una nueva configuración en la relación entre escuelas y familias.
Vida y entorno como referentes de aprendizaje en el marco del COVID–19
Authors: Pérez Ruiz Abel
Published: April 2024

El presente artículo busca aportar una serie de reflexiones acerca de las oportunidades de aprendizaje que ofrece la pandemia provocada por COVID–19, más allá de las implicaciones en el ámbito público, manifestadas en controles y restricciones de diversa índole. En tal perspectiva, se advierte que la presencia del virus nos debe llevar, como sociedad, a replantear la relación que tenemos con la naturaleza desde un sentido educativo basado en el cuidado de sí y el cuidado del entorno. La práctica educativa no puede seguir sosteniéndose a partir de la fragmentación entre las personas y el ambiente bajo criterios de conocimiento de orden pragmático y racional. Se requiere una pedagogía que abogue por una ecología del aprendizaje que recupere el valor simbólico de los arraigos humanos hacia el territorio, como una herramienta de perfeccionamiento y compromiso moral para la conformación de una ética planetaria.
Simulation analysis of school road traffic characteristics
Authors: Liu Huasheng , Deng Haoran , Li Jin , Zhao Yuqi , Yang Sha
Published: April 2024

This study aims to identify key factors and sensitive intervals affect the school road traffic characteristics. We collect traffic data from the parking area and the school road (400-700 meters). The simulation is calibrated to ensure the error of outputs are within 1.5%. A sensitivity analysis method is proposed, it makes the multifactor comparable. The sensitivity factors of vehicle delay, queue length, and average speed are 1.44, 2.03, and 0.28 in school road, and the bottleneck road are 3.07, 4.44, and 0.65. The traffic indicators change more concentrated in bottleneck road but greater in school road. 6 scenarios are created to analyze school road traffic characteristics. Traffic flow (TF), number of parking spaces (NPS), and stopping time (ST) are selected as variables. Scenarios 1-3 are univariate, and scenarios 4-6 are bivariate. TF is the key factor with a sensitivity interval of [1300,1700].
Análisis técnico comparativo del estado actual de títulos mineros de minería a pequeña escala en California, Santander, Colombia
Authors: Diaz-Muriel Cristian , Palacio-Arcila Alejandro , Vásquez-Carmona Paula Katherine , Rojas-Reyes Néstor Ricardo , Oliveros-Sepúlveda David , Franco-Sepúlveda Giovanni
Published: April 2024

La actividad minera que se realiza en el municipio de California, Santander, ha sido en mayor medida de subsistencia o a pequeña escala, partiendo de la ancestralidad de la misma. Con la normativa presente en el país, para llevar a cabo la actividad minera, es necesario contar con la obtención de un contrato de concesión, título minero y con ello, los debidos licenciamientos, como lo es la licencia ambiental. Esta última, ha generado contratiempos en el desarrollo de la extracción mineral debido a las normas salientes como la delimitación del páramo de Santurbán y la prohibición del uso del mercurio. El presente documento plantea analizar el estado en el que se encuentran algunas operaciones mineras de la zona, realizar recomendaciones y dejar una línea base técnica de los títulos abordados para futuros trabajos.
Bibliometric study of distribution system state estimation: advances and challenges
Authors: Lara-Sánchez Jorge A. , Samper Mauricio E. , Colomé D. Graciela
Published: April 2024

An active distribution network with a large amount of distributed energy resources (DER) requires knowledge of the operational status of the network. In this sense, state estimation is one of the most widely used techniques and a well-developed concept in transmission systems. DERs have some monitoring, protection, and control devices. But due to the large size of the network and the number of users, the massive installation of meters is not yet economically feasible. Therefore, it is necessary to generate artificial measurements to perform all stages of distribution system state estimation (DSSE). DSSE is currently the subject of active research, so this article performs a descriptive bibliometric study, which qualitatively and quantitatively analyzes the topics found in the specialized literature in the period from 2000 to 2022 and part of the 2023. It also identifies the advances, challenges, and proposals for future lines of research in DSSE.
Estructuración de una guía de requerimientos energéticos para el estudio de viabilidad de proyectos de inversión privada
Authors: Forero-González Christian Camilo , Ospitia-Acero John Edinson , Lara-Figueroa Derly Cibelly , Méndez-Lozano Rafael Armando
Published: April 2024

Los requerimientos de carga energética demandados ante el operador de red del departamento del Huila son suministrados según las pautas corporativas; pero bajo la responsabilidad del usuario, pese a su desconocimiento técnico legal y la ausencia o inadecuada asesoría técnica, con las consecuentes irregularidades en conexiones y, de hecho, con afectaciones económicas y financieras. El análisis de esta problemática, con alcance exploratorio, se aborda con un enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo, el cual se profundiza mediante la estrategia de estudio de caso múltiple. De este modo se estructura una guía de requerimientos energéticos aplicables durante la fase previa a la requisición de cargas, que permiten dinamizar y mejorar el proceso de toma de decisiones desde la gerencia de proyectos y del inversionista privado.
Histological Evaluation of Alveolar Ridge Preservation Using Different Bone Grafts: Clinical Study Analysis Part II
Authors: Jafarian John , Shahrabi-Farahani Shokoufeh , Ferreira Cimara Fortes , Stewart Colette Whitley , Luepke Paul
Published: April 2024

To compare histologically the percentage of bone formation 12–20 weeks after ridge augmentation using 2 different techniques. Tooth loss is associated with 3-dimensional bone remodeling and ridge atrophy. Ridge preservation procedures can prevent alveolar bone volume loss. Different techniques and materials are used to preserve the alveolar ridge. Computer-generated randomization software was used to assign 2 ridge preservation techniques for 11 extraction sites. In group I, type I bovine Achilles tendon collagen plugs with bioactive resorbable calcium apatite crystals (CPCAC) were placed, and in group II, cortico-cancellous bone chips (CCBC) mix and an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) barrier membrane were placed. The histomorphometric studies were performed using a computer-based image analysis system (ImageJ 1.4, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Md) to calculate the pixel area of bone tissue and the remaining bone graft material. The histomorphometric data were analyzed using a Student t test to compare the measurements between the 2 experimental groups. This parametric statistical test was employed to determine if there were any statistically significant differences in the quantitative histological parameters between the groups. The sockets that received CPCAC showed a lower (31.89%) percentage of native bone surface area compared with the CCBC group (43.87%). However, the difference was not statistically significant (P < .05). In addition, the CPCAC group showed evidence of foreign-body reaction. The CCBC graft covered with an ePTFE barrier may induce more bone formation with minimal inflammation in an extraction socket compared with a collagen plug with calcium apatite crystals. In addition, histological analysis of the CPCAC graft showed evidence of foreign-body reaction, which indicates a negative clinical impact.
XXXI RUSSIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS "MAN AND MEDICINE". APRIL 15-18, 2024. Collection of abstracts
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: April 2024

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Construction of a Liver Cancer Prognostic Model Based on Interferon-Gamma-Related Genes for Revealing the Immune Landscape
Authors: Zhou Wuhan , Lin Liang , Chen Dongxing , Wang Jingui , Chen Jiafei
Published: April 2024

Inferferon-gamma (LFN-γ) exerts anti-tumor effects, but there is currently no reliable and comprehensive study on prognostic function of IFN-γ-related genes in liver cancer. In this study, IFN-γ-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in liver cancer were identified through GO/KEGG databases and open-access literature. Based on these genes, individuals with liver cancer were clustered. A prognostic model was built based on the intersection genes between differential genes in clusters and in liver cancer. Then, model predictive performance was analyzed and validated in GEO dataset. Regression analysis was fulfilled on the model, and a nomogram was utilized to evaluate model ability as an independent prognostic factor and its clinical application value. An immune-related analysis was conducted on both the H- and L-groups, with an additional investigation into link of model genes to drug sensitivity. Significant differential expression of IFN-γ-related genes was observed between the liver cancer and control groups. Subsequently, individuals with liver cancer were classified into two subtypes based on these genes, which displayed a notable difference in survival between the two subtypes. A 10-gene liver cancer prognostic model was constructed, with good prognostic performance and was an independent prognosticator for patient analysis. L-group patients possessed higher immune infiltration levels, immune checkpoint expression levels, and immunophenoscore, as well as lower TIDE scores. Drugs that had high correlations with the feature genes included SPANXB1: PF-04217903, SGX-523, MMP1: PF-04217903, DUSP13: Imatinib, TFF1: KHK-Indazole, and Fulvestrant. We built a 10-gene liver cancer prognostic model. It was found that L-group patients were more suitable for immunotherapy. This study provided valuable information on the prognosis of liver cancer.
SAVUNMA SANAYİİ UYGULAMALARINDA GÖZ ÖNÜNE ALINAN BAŞLICA İTKİ VEKTÖRÜ DENETİMİ YÖNTEMLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Özkan Bülent
Published: April 2024

Son yıllardaki teknolojik gelişmelere bağlı olarak, mühimmat denetiminde farklı yaklaşımlar ele alınmaya başlamıştır. Özellikle geniş alana saldırı kavramının yerini nokta hedef tahribatının alması sonucunda denetimli mühimmat kullanımı daha popüler hale gelmiştir. Menzil, uçuş süresi ve hedefte doğruluk gibi başarım parametrelerinin iyileştirilmesi doğrultusunda, aerodinamik denetim yüzeyleri, tepki jeti ve itki vektörü gibi yönlendirme mekanizmaları, mühimmat denetimi kapsamında gerek teorik gerekse pratik olarak geniş bir uygulama alanı bulmuştur. Bahsedilen yöntemler bir arada değerlendirildiğinde, itki vektörü denetiminin, aerodinamik denetim yüzeylerinin sebep olduğu daha geniş sürüklenme yüzeyi ve düşük manevra kabiliyeti olumsuzluklarına sahip olmaması, ayrıca tepki jeti yaklaşımına nazaran denetlenebilirliğinin daha yüksek olması nedeniyle, bilhassa kısa zaman zarfında yüksek manevra yeteneğinin istendiği uygulamalar için bir adım öne çıktığı görülmektedir. Konuyla ilgili literatür incelendiğinde, itki vektörü denetimi dahilinde göz önüne alınan çeşitli tekniklerin mevcut bulunduğu göze çarpmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, mühimmat denetiminde ele alınan başlıca itki vektörü denetimi yaklaşımlarından bahsedilmekte ve belirtilen yöntemlerin üstünlük ve zayıflıkları karşılaştırmalı olarak vurgulanmaktadır.
Analysis of electromagnetic processes in the excitation unit of a three-stage starter generator for the aviation power system
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Vedernikov Dmitry A. , Vavilov Oleg A. ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Zharkov Maksim A. ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Sarakhanova Regina Yu. ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

This article discusses the excitation system of a three-stage synchronous generator for aviation use in two distinctive modes of operation: as an electric power generator for an on-board power supply system and an electric starter for gas turbine engines of the aircraft. The article presents the calculation of the starter and generator operating modes of the excitation system. The basic design relations for the semiconductor converter circuit have been obtained and confirmed by simulation modeling in the PowerSIM environment. The problem of synthesizing an automatic control system for the TSG excitation unit operating as part of an on-board power supply system using a method for calculating the parameters of regulators based on the motion separation method has been solved. A two-circuit control system has been created for the generator mode of operation, including PI and PID regulators with output voltage regulation of the main generating stage. To control the excitation unit in the electric star¬ter mode of operation, a single-circuit control system for the current of the excitation winding with the addition of a resonant component has been designed. The evaluation of the efficiency of the designed control systems was carried out on the basis of simulation modeling using PowerSIM and MATLAB/Simulink application software packages for a generator feeding a three-phase AC network in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 54073-2017.The results of mathematical modeling formed the basis for the design of an experimental sample of the power unit in a hybrid integrated design for the TSG voltage regulation system.
Formation of nanostructures from vanadium dioxide polycrystalline films using an atomic force microscope
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Mantsurov Nikita D. ,   Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Komonov Alexander I. ,   Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Mutilin Sergey V. ,   Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Kichay Vadim N. ,   Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Yakovkina Lyubov V. ,   Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) undergoes a reversible first-order metal-insulator phase transition near room temperature, accompanied by a structural phase transition. This causes a significant change in its electrical and optical properties, making it useful for practical applications. VO2-based nanostructures exhibit notable mechanical resistance to structural transition caused by their small size and demonstrate vivid properties during the phase transition. Obtaining VO2 nanostructures is an extremely demanded objective. This research study presents the use of scanning probe lithography techniques to fabricate nanostructures on polycrystalline VO2 films. The present study focuses on the modification of VO2 films when a positive bias is applied to the sample. The effect of the value and duration of the applied voltage, relative humidity on the quality of the formed nanolithographic pattern was analyzed. The oxidation mechanism was determined. It was found that as a result of local anodic oxidation the formed oxide structures consisting of vanadium penta-oxide (V2O5) completely dissolve in water. This process leads to the separation of the continuous polycrystalline VO2 film into individual nanostructures with precise dimensions. The presented method of forming nanostructures from crystalline VO2 films is promising for nanophotonics and nanoelectronics.
Modification of diffusion boron and aluminum containing layers by electron beam processing
Authors:   Institute of Physical Materials Science, SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, Buryatia, Russian Federation, Ulakhanov Nikolay S. , Moskvin Pavel V. ,   Institute of High Current Electronics, SB RAS, Tomsk, Russian Federation,   Institute of Physical Materials Science, SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, Buryatia, Russian Federation, Mishigdorzhiyn Undrakh L. ,   Institute of Physical Materials Science, SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, Buryatia, Russian Federation, Semenov Alexander P. ,   Institute of Physical Materials Science, SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, Buryatia, Russian Federation, Koval Nikolai N. ,   Institute of High Current Electronics, SB RAS, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Vorobyov Maxim S. ,   Institute of High Current Electronics, SB RAS, Tomsk, Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

The article presents testing results of electron beam processing (EBP) modes applied on the diffusion layers based on boron and aluminum produced on the surface of steel 20. An ion current feedback loop in the accelerating gap in a modernized plasma electron source allows increasing the beam generation control and the electrical strength of the accelerating gap. This ensures sample surface processing at a specified temperature. In order to ensure the EBP process stability, it is proposed to preheat the surface to a temperature range of 400-700℃ by pulses with a controlled current. Further modification of the diffusion layers is conducted on the surface at a temperature of around 1900℃. Ensuring this temperature range demands the discharge current within the range of 20 - 150A during a single pulse with a duration of 950 μs. The total number of pulses is three and the interval between them is 3 seconds. These processing modes lead to a structural transformation of the diffusion layer to a depth of more than 150 μm and to a significant microhardness increase. The approved EBP modes can be recommended as a promising alternate approach of the combined modification technologies of diffusion layers based on boron and aluminum.
Physics of nanopore healing in condensed matter under the influence of laser radiation and high-temperature plasma
Authors:   National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, Moscow, Russian Federation, Ushakov Ivan V. , Safronov Ivan S. ,   National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, Moscow, Russian Federation, Oshorov Ayur D. ,   National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

The paper theoretically and experimentally investigates the influence of laser radiation and high-temperature plasma on changes in the physical properties of amorphous-nanocrystalline materials with nanopores in a thin surface layer. At present, the possibility of simultaneous increase of hardness and resistance to cracking of the material surface because of selective laser action has been experimentally established. Experimental results can be explained based on the model of selective impact of laser radiation on individual nanopores. The physics of laser selective initiation of healing processes of inhomogeneous/defective areas at the nanoscale has been investigated. Using the proposed physical model, the specificity of selective heating of areas near nanopores, as well as the influence of nanoscale defects in the structure on the specificity of isotherm propagation has also been revealed. The process of healing of nanopores located in the inhomogeneously heated surface layer of the material under the action of shock loading is considered. Theoretical results are compared with experimental data. It is shown that as a result of selective laser treatment it is possible to increase microhardness by three-four times, with simultaneous growth of resistance to cracking under conditions of local loading by the Vickers pyramid. The results obtained can be explained within the framework of ideas about selective laser healing of nano- and micro-sized defects located in the surface layer of the material. Thus, the physical and mechanical properties of the surface of condensed materials in an extreme state caused by strong compression under conditions of simultaneous short-term heating to high temperatures have been studied theoretically and experimentally.
Robust detection and estimation of wideband signals
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Khailo Nikita S.
Published: April 2024

An asymptotically robust invariant (ARI) algorithm for signal detection and time delay estimation is proposed. It is based on the q-point model of noise distributions. The algorithm is based on calculating the correlation statistics of the nonlinear transformation of the observed sample with the vector of reference signal samples. Time delay estimate is determined by special processing of the obtained statistics, taking into account the presence of mirror interference in the observed process. The algorithm is implemented in the frequency domain, which allows the use of the fast Fourier transform to reduce computational costs. The simulation results show that in the case of heavy-tailed noise distributions, ARI algorithm provides an energy gain compared to the classical correlation algorithm, and it has similar performance in the case of Gaussian noise.
PURIFICATION OF PROTEINS FROM PFA FIXED SAMPLES BAK_WITH BIOTIN PULLDOWN FOR LC-MS/MS_2023 v1
Authors: Killinger Bryan
Published: April 2024

This protocol details the purification of proteins from PFA fixed samples and extraction of proteins from formalin-fixed tissues. Also included, biotin pulldown prior to LC-MS/MS. Samples generated for this protocol have been used for mass spectrometry, immunoblotting, and pulldowns.
Provasoli Enriched Seawater (PES) medium solution v1
Authors: Kuech Anton
Published: April 2024

This protocol outlines the steps required to prepare Provasoli Enriched Seawater (PES) medium in accordance with the method by Provasoli (1966).
ChatGPT como herramienta para mejorar la expresión escrita en inglés como lengua extranjera
Authors:   Universidad de Valencia, Ricart Alicia
Published: April 2024

El objetivo del presente trabajo es investigar las posibilidades de ChatGPT como asistente para la escritura académica en una lengua extranjera en la educación universitaria. Con este objetivo, el alumnado realizó una tarea escrita y experimentó las posibilidades del robot en cuanto a la corrección y mejora de la expresión escrita en el género ensayo en lengua inglesa. El resultado del uso de ChatGPT se evaluó por medio de un análisis detallado de las interacciones de los estudiantes con el instrumento. Por medio de este análisis, se detectaron los errores y aciertos de esta herramienta. Los resultados demuestran que ChatGPT, gracias a su ingente cantidad de datos, puede proveer a los estudiantes de una gran variedad de opciones de mejora, que abarcan desde el vocabulario y la gramática hasta la estructura y el contenido del texto. Sin embargo, el uso de esta tecnología con fines docentes presenta limitaciones, concretamente en la interacción del usuario con el robot, ya que es imprescindible darle instrucciones muy precisas para asegurar la correcta interpretación de la información por parte de ChatGPT. A pesar de ello, como instrumento tanto de apoyo como de aprendizaje, es útil siempre que exista una guía y supervisión por parte del docente.
CONFIRMATION BIAS IN ARGUMENTATION PROCESSES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Konverskyi Anatolii , Kolotilova Nataliia ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: April 2024

B a c k g r o u n d . The article is devoted to the study of confirmatory distortion as a cognitive bias within the framework of the modern theory of argumentation. In the context of this study, the effectiveness of the critical questioning technique as an argumentation strategy aimed at reducing the negative impact of confirmatory bias is considered. M e t h o d s . To achieve the goals of the research, the method of critical questions is used, which is based on the traditional principles of logic, dialectics and rhetoric. Specific lists of critical questions are developed for each argumentative scheme. R e s u l t s . The article demonstrates that standard critical questions for schemes of practical reasoning, developed by eminent specialists, are able to minimize the negative impact of confirmation bias. This is achieved by taking into account information that may conflict with the agent's action plan. C o n c l u s i o n s . The study highlights the importance of using critical questions as a tool to minimize confirmation bias. Such an approach not only contributes to the substantiation of arguments, but also stimulates self-control and the search for information that may cause doubts about one's own views. The final part of the article examines propaganda as the deliberate use of confirmatory distortion and points to the need for attention to language patterns where it occurs rather unintentionally. In connection with the specificity of the studied phenomenon, the term "confirmation bias" is proposed as a translation of the English "confirmation bias".