bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the Development of the Criminal Policy of the Russian Federation on Combating Crimes Against Public Morality in Sexual Relations
Authors: Arhiptsev Ivan , Chernyakov Sergey , Mikhailova Irina
Published: March 2021

Introduction: the criminal legislation plays an important role in the process of ensuring the normal spiritual and moral well-being of society. Chapter 25 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of 1996 establishes the elements of crimes aimed at protecting public morals in the field of sexual relations. However, at present, the Russian Federation does not have a legally formulated criminal policy framework for countering crimes against public morality in the field of sexual relations, which makes it difficult to effectively counteract the analyzed category of crimes. The purpose of the research is to formulate the proposals on the content of the fundamentals of the criminal policy of the Russian Federation on countering crimes against public morality in the field of sexual relations. Methods: the methodological framework for the research is based on the general scientific methods of cognition. In order to ensure the objectivity of the research, the analyzed problem is revealed as a phenomenon using a systematic approach, which allows us to reveal its mechanism in such a way that the theoretical provisions are used with the maximum efficiency in practical activities. Results: the authors propose to develop and adopt at the legislative level the concept of the state’s criminal policy in the analyzed area, which would fix the goals, objectives, principles, as well as the main directions of the fight against crimes against public morality in the field of sexual relations in the short and medium term. Conclusions: the authors’ vision of the content of the future criminal policy of the Russian Federation on countering crimes against public morality in the field of sexual relations is proposed.
Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Property: The Issues of the Legal Regulation of Patent Relations
Authors: Kupchina Ekaterina
Published: March 2021

Introduction: in the paper, the author analyzed the current problems associated with the use of artificial intelligence in the field of intellectual property. Thanks to the active introduction of this technology in many areas of human activity, there is a rapid growth of innovative processes. On the one hand, such active improvement of the computer technology system creates a favorable environment for the development of economic, political and social relations. On the other hand, however, the potential for the further development of artificial intelligence is of serious concern in the scientific community. In particular, modern digital technologies are developing much faster than the legal framework designed to regulate them is improving. In this regard, the first branch of law that has faced the greatest difficulties is intellectual property law, since it is a branch of law directly related to innovation processes. The purpose of the research is achieved by solving a number of tasks: to determine the role of artificial intelligence as a “subject” of patent relations, as well as the boundaries of responsibility for patent infringement by AI. The methodology is based on a theoretical approach to the study of the legal framework in the field of intellectual property. Based on the analysis of the theoretical data obtained, the author provides the examples of patent violations related to the use of artificial intelligence technology, as well as highlights some modern approaches to solving this problem. The results of the research can be used to determine the key goals and objectives in the law enforcement, research, as well as in educational and teaching activities, in particular, during lectures and seminars on courses in intellectual property law, copyright and patent law. Conclusions: the development of artificial intelligence technologies is central to the development of better intellectual property management systems. The development of new doctrines for new technologies, the modification of the existing patent system, as well as the changes in the policy of intellectual property rights protection contribute to the effective development of innovative processes and the improvement of the legal system as a whole.
Rodent Species of Sarıkum Nature Protection Area
Authors: ÇAM İCİK Pınar
Published: March 2021

Sarıkum Nature Protection area, located in the west of Sinop Province with the registration of ‘nature protection area’ and declaration of ‘grade 1 natural site area’, has a wide variety of ecosystems in which lake, swamp, dune, terrestrial forest and floodplain forestland ecosystems change within short distances. The fact that the region has different life alternatives is very important in diversifying wildlife species. With this study, the rodent species that have distributed in the Sarıkum Nature Protection Area have been identified. Field works were carried out between September 2018 and November 2019. Most of the small mammals belonging to order of Rodentia were caught by live catch traps and identified. After the species identification the specimens in the traps were let out to the region which they were captured. In Sarıkum Nature Protection Area, a total of ten different rodent species belonging to 3 families, Sciuridae, Cricetidae and Muridae, have been identified. One species, Sciurus anomalus, which was one of the Sciuridae family species, could be directly observed. Remaining 9 rodent species were detected by using live catch traps. The most frequently caught rodent species among all was Apodemus mystacinus from Muridae family, with a percentage of 23%. The habitat type, where the largest number of rodent species were obtained and observed, were mixed plants and shrub land areas. All of the rodent species identified in Sarıkum Nature Protection Area were in LC (wide spread, low risk) category of IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources). Identification of rodent species in Sarıkum Nature Protection Area contribute to mammalian biodiversity at the regional level and will enable species-based approach in subsequent studies.
Spor Tesislerinin Aydınlatmasında Yüksek Enerji Verimli ve LED’li Aydınlatma Araçları
Authors: YİĞİT ÜNLÜ Duygu , ŞAHİN Necmettin
Published: March 2021

Spor sahalarının aydınlatması, aydınlatma uygulamasının özel bir kategorisidir. Oyun türüne ve seviyesine göre farklı aydınlatma seviyelerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Sporcuların ve seyircilerin görsel ihtiyaçlarının karşılaması amacıyla spor salonlarında yüksek miktarda enerji tüketilmektedir. Bunun için spor salonlarının aydınlatılmasında ekonomik ve sürdürülebilir yöntemlere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Ayrıca spor salonlarında elverişli ve sağlıklı görme koşullarının sağlanması sporcuları hem fizyolojik hem de psikolojik açıdan etkilemektedir. Elverişli ve sağlıklı görme koşullarının sağlanması uygun ve elverişli aydınlatma araçlarının ve standartlarının kullanılması ile gerçekleştirilebilir. Spor alanlarının aydınlatmasında Türkiye’de EN 12193 Işık ve Aydınlatma - Spor Aydınlatması kullanılmaktadır. Spor salonlarının aydınlatması bu standartlara göre gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu standartlar sporcular, hakemler, seyirciler ve TV iletimi için uygun görsel koşulların sağlaması ile ilgilidir. Bu çalışmada spor mekânlarındaki aydınlatma ve EN 12193 aydınlatma standartları ile ilgili temel bilgiler verilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada sürdürülebilir ve ekonomik aydınlatma araçları olan LED’lerin spor salonlarındaki kullanımlarından bahsedilmiştir.
Harran Ovası Yaygın Toprak Serilerinin Fiziksel, Kimyasal ve Morfolojik Özellikleri
Authors: ÖZTÜRKMEN Ali Rıza , RAMAZANOĞLU Emrah , ÇAKMAKLI Murat , ÇAKMAKLI Eda
Published: March 2021

Toplam 225 000 hektarlık Harran Ovası büyük bir tarımsal potansiyele sahiptir. Bu topraklar üzerinde bazı çalışmalar yapılmış olmasına rağmen, önemi dolayısıyla ayrıntılı çalışmalara büyük bir ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Harran ovasında yaygın toprak serilerinin (Harran, İkizce, Bellitaş, Çekçek) fiziksel, kimysal ve morfolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacı ile yapılmıştır. Harran ovasında koordinatları alınan 4 farklı noktada toprak profilleri açılarak horizon esasına göre toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Çalışma elde edilen sonuçlara göre incelenen toprak profillerinin kireç içerikleri bakımından yüksek, organik madde bakımında toprakların çoğunda az olduğu belirlenmiştir. Toprakların katyon değişim kapasiteleri ise toprakların kil içeriklerine göre değişim göstermekte olup genellikle 22- 50 cmol kg-1 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Toprak reaksiyonu (pH) açısında topraklar hafif bazik (7.1 – 8.5) olarak belirlenmiştir.
Kırıkkale ilinin korumada öncelikli bitki taksonları ve habitatları hakkında güncel değerlendirme
Authors: URKER Okan
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmada, Kırıkkale ili damarlı bitki çeşitliliği açısından korumada öncelikli taksonları, hedef türlerce zengin habitatları, ekosistem ve habitat çeşitliliği, özellikli bitki toplulukları ve gösterge taksonları, tür, habitat, ekosistem ve bölgesel düzeyde izleme planları ile biyolojik çeşitliliğe ilişkin tehditler ve önerilere yer verilmiştir. Literatür taramalarından ve arazi çalışmalarından elde edilen verilere göre Kırıkkale il sınırları içerisinde yetişen bitki takson sayısı 1.326’dır. IUCN kriterlerine göre Kırıkkale florasını oluşturan taksonlardan 4’ü "EN" ve 10’u "VU" tehdit kategorisindedir. Ayrıca bu taksonlardan biri Bern Sözleşmesi Ek-I listesinde ve 30’u CITES sözleşmesi Ek-II listelerinde yer almaktadır. Kırıkkale florasını oluşturan taksonlardan 156’sı endemiktir. İlin endemizm oranı %11.7’dir. 5 tür ise nadir statüdedir. Bu çalışmayla, Kırıkkale ili biyolojik çeşitliliğinin etkin korunmasına ve sürdürülebilir kullanımının sağlanmasına önemli ölçüde katkı sağlanmıştır.
Toz metalurjisi ile Üretilen NiTi Alaşımına Al'un Etkisi
Authors: KILIÇ Musa
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmada, Ti-50,5Ni-xAl(x=0, 2, 4) alaşımı toz metalürjisi yöntemlerinden SHS ile üretildi. Üretilen NiTiAl alaşımlarında Al oranının numunelerin mikroyapılarına ve mikrosertliklerine etkileri detaylı bir şekilde incelendi. Mikroyapı analizleri optik mikroskobu ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile, faz bileşenleri ise Enerji dağılımlı spektroskopi (EDX) ve X-Işınları Kırınım Cihazı (XRD) analizi ile tespit edildi. Sertlik ölçüm testleri Vickers (Hv) mikrosertlik ölçüm cihazında yapılmıştır. Ateşleme sonrası ekzotermik reaksiyon sonucunda başlayan yanma reaksiyonu esnasında yüzeyde oluşan sıcaklık değişimi lazer sıcaklık ölçüm cihaz ile tespit edildi. Optik mikroskop(OM) analizleri sonucunda Al içeriğinin artmasına bağlı olarak gözenek oranı arttı. Ayrıca Al ilavesiz NiTi numunesinde ise yanma kanallarının yoğun olduğu görüldü. Hem EDX hem de XRD anliz sonuçlarında alaşımlarda NiTi, NiTi2 ve Ti3Al fazlarının varlığı tespit edildi. Yüzey sıcaklık ölçüm sonuçlarında yanma reaksiyonu en düşük elde edilirken 550℃ en yüksek 1250 ℃ ölçüldü. Mikrosertlik ölçüm sonuçlarında en düşük sertlik değeri 176.8 HV0,1 ağ. %4 Al numunesinden elde edilirken, en yüksek değer ise 301.7 HV NiTi numunesinde ölçüldü.
Analysis of Linear Consecutive-2-out-of-n: F Repairable System with Different Failure Rate
Authors: ÖZBEY Fahrettin , GÖKDERE Gökhan
Published: March 2021

In the reliability analysis, when it is obtained the reliability of repairable consecutive-k-out-of-n system, the components are generally supposed to have an equal failure rate. In practice, this assumption may fail. Therefore, in this paper it is adopted that the lifetime of each component are random variables, exponentially distributed, with different failure rates. The time required to repair is an exponential random variable and each component after fix is as durable as new. In this paper, we improved a model for the state transition probability of this repairable system when components have unequal probability of failure. The system mean time to first failure was also studied.
Mobil Uygulama Etkileşimli Entegre Websitesi Tasarımı: Güvenlik ve Ölçeklenebilirlik
Authors: BANDIRMALI ERTÜRK Necla
Published: March 2021

Bu makalede mobil uygulama etkileşimli entegre websitesi uygulama paradigması için etkileşimli tasarım, güvenlik ve ölçeklenebilirlik boyutları incelenmektedir. Geleneksel çözümlere kıyasla önemli avantajlara sahip olan bu sistem mimarisi ve yazılımlarıyla, yerel/küresel ağ üzerinden işlem ve iletişim gerektiren bankacılıktan sigortaya, e-ticaretten e-devlete, sağlıktan seyahate, eğitimden askeriyeye kadar tüm sektörler için hayatın her anında ve evresinde yüksek sunucu-istemci başarımı mümkün görülmektedir. Çalışma sonuçları, ciddi kullanıcı ya da anlık işlem sayısı artışlarını da beraberinde getiren mobil uygulamaların değişik isterleri karşılanırken, hem güvenlik hem de ölçeklenebilirlik boyutlarının birlikte ve öncelikle ele alınmasının zorunlu olduğunu göstermektedir.
Itinerario geográfico con realidad aumentada a través del paisaje natural en los Arribes del Duero zamoranos (Castilla y León, España) / Geographical itinerary with augmented reality through the natural landscape in the Arribes del Duero of Zamora (Castile and Leon, Spain)
Authors: Marino Alfonso José Luis , Poblete Piedrabuena Miguel Ángel , Beato Bergua Salvador , Herrera Arenas Daniel
Published: March 2021

Se presenta una propuesta de interpretación del patrimonio natural a través de un itinerario geográfico por los lugares y elementos naturales de interés paisajístico más representativos y singulares en un sector fronterizo del Parque Natural de Arribes del Duero situado en la comarca de Sayago (Zamora). En concreto, se han escogido ocho puntos de fácil acceso y con vistas panorámicas para la observación del paisaje a lo largo de un recorrido de 50 km de longitud que transita por diversas carreteras entre las localidades de Miranda do Douro y Pinilla de Fermoselle. Las explicaciones de los componentes esenciales del paisaje natural en estas paradas van acompañadas de unos marcadores de imagen que han permitido transformar el itinerario en un tour virtual, aplicando técnicas de realidad aumentada para la incorporación de diversos materiales como cartografía temática, fotografías, textos descriptivos y explicativos, etc. Además, se ofrece la opción de complementar el recorrido con la realización de doce pequeñas rutas pedestres, igualmente interpretadas desde el punto de vista geográfico, lo que permite explotar las posibilidades didácticas y turísticas del itinerario diseñado.
Rapidly progressive course of nonspecific aortoarteritis: a clinical case
Authors: Grushina Marina V. , Grekov Ilya Sergeevich , Arkhypova Kseniya D.
Published: March 2021

Background. Nonspecific aortoarteritis, or Takayasus disease, is one of the most complex and rare pathologies in modern clinical practice. It is the orphan nature of the disease, along with non-specific clinical manifestations, that causes a large number of clinical and diagnostic errors that lead to an unfavorable prognosis and early disability of patients. Despite the development of modern methods of treatment of nonspecific aortoarteritis, in some cases it is not possible to achieve a stable remission, which leads to a steady progression of the pathological process. Clinical case description. The article presents a case of a rapidly progressing course of Takayasu's disease in a young woman with multiple arterial vascular lesions that developed during the first year after the onset of arterial hypertension, while the narrowing of the carotid arteries (7585%) was not accompanied by signs of cerebral ischemia. The follow-up period was 10 years. Conclusion. Given the peculiarities of this nosology, each identified case of Takayasus disease is of great clinical and practical interest. The disease peculiarity in thise patient is that during the first year from the onset of arterial hypertension, the main occlusive lesions of the aorta and arterial vessels were identified. At the same time, the narrowing of the carotid arteries (7585%) was not accompanied by signs of cerebral ischemia. It should be noted that often the symptoms of non-specific aortoarteritis appear under the masks of other diseases, which requires a careful differential search. A correct diagnosis and timely treatment can prevent the development of complications and slow the progression of the disease.
Esophageal atresia: predicting outcomes and decreasing mortality
Authors: Mukhametshin Rustam F. , Toropov Nikita V. , Kabdrakhmanova Olga T.
Published: March 2021

This literature review is devoted to the problem of predicting in-hospital mortality in newborns with esophageal atresia (EA). According to epidemiological study data, in developed countries, the mortality rate in newborns with EA ranges from 9% to 11% over the past 20 years. Three classifications were developed, Waterston 1962, Montreal 1993, and Spitz 1994, to assess the prognostic significance of risk factors. They considered birth weight, the presence of concomitant congenital malformations and pneumonia, and the need for mechanical ventilation. The choice of a model for predicting outcomes depends on the level of health care and other factors, such as prematurity, low birth weight, late diagnosis, and infectious complications. These factors have a greater impact on patient survival in developing countries than in developed ones, where insurmountable risk factors come out on top: combined congenital malformations and very low birth weight. Also, the magnitude of diastasis between segments of the esophagus creates difficulties in choosing surgical tactics and managing such patients in the postoperative period. In addition, the management of such patients in the intensive care unit, both preoperatively and postoperatively, has a significant impact on the outcome. The literature review underlined "pain points" in the treatment of newborns with EA in regions with different levels of medical care, the consideration of which will allow the achievement of better results.
Cystic form of biliary atresia. Treatment experience
Authors: Borisova Irina I. , Kagan Anatoliy V. , Karavaeva Svetlana A. , Kotin Aleksey N.
Published: March 2021

Background. The cystic form of biliary atresia is a rare form of atresia of the biliary tract, which is a relatively favorable variant of the defect and can be diagnosed antenatally. In practice, it is important not only to suspect this diagnosis, but also to differentiate this variant of impaired development of the external bile duct from the cyst of the common bile duct. This is due to the difference in approaches and methods of surgical treatment of choledochal cysts and biliary atresia. Obliteration (atresia) of the bile ducts in the absence of timely surgical intervention quickly leads to the progression of cirrhosis and the development of liver failure. The method of choice in the treatment of AD is Kasai surgery, often palliative in nature, but allowing to delay the time until liver transplantation. The cyst of the common bile duct rarely requires early surgical treatment, and the risk of cirrhosis is significantly lower. Surgical intervention is aimed at removing the cyst and restoring the flow of bile by anastomosing the external bile ducts with the intestines, which is a radical method of treatment and leads to the recovery of the child. External similarity in ultrasound examination of the fetus and newborn baby of the cystic form of biliary atresia of the bile ducts with a cyst of the common bile duct does not always allow differentiation of one defect from another, which can lead to untimely correction of the defect and an unfavorable outcome.

Aim. Demonstrate a rare type of biliary atresia.

Materials and methods. Between 2001 and 2019, 33 patients with biliary atresia were treated in the Childrens City Multidisciplinary Clinical Specialized Center for High Medical Technologies in St. Petersburg, only two patients had a cystic form. Both children were initially treated as patients with bile duct cyst. Children were operated on at the age of 2 and 3.5 months. The first patient underwent surgery Kasai, the second hepaticoyunoanastomosis.

Results. During the observation period (9 years and 4 years), the synthetic function of the liver is normal, and there are currently no indications for transplantation.

Conclusion. If a fetus or a newborn with neonatal jaundice is detected during ultrasound examination of a cystic formation in the gates of the liver, it is very important to correctly and quickly make a differential diagnosis between the cystic form of biliary atresia of the biliary tract and the common bile duct cyst.
Diseases of the gallbladder in children — modern view of pediatric surgeon (systematic review)
Authors: Peter Shawn D. St. , Kozlov Yury A.
Published: March 2021

Currently, the two main causes of diseases of the gallbladder in children are biliary dyskinesia and the formation of gallbladder stones. Biliary dyskinesia is an independent disease and is caused mainly by reduced motility of the gallbladder, which leads to its insufficiently good emptying and is accompanied by chronic pain abdominal syndrome. The causes of stone formation in children differ from the sources of stone formation in adults. Metabolic disorders, mainly against the background of obesity, lead to the formation of cholesterol stones, which is the most common cause of cholelithiasis in children. Blood diseases is another factor of cholelithiasis associated with hemolysis, such as sickle cell anemia, hereditary spherocytosis, and thalassemia. Symptoms of gallbladder disease are mainly in chronic abdominal pain syndrome. Inflammation of the gallbladder is a fairly rare form of the course of gallstone disease in children. The current surgical technology for treatment of gallbladder diseases in children, as in adults, is cholecystectomy, which can be realized depending on the degree of mastery of endosurgical skills using standard four-port laparoscopic techniques or a single laparoscopic approach. This review addresses the issues of semiotics, etiology, diagnosis, and surgical treatment of gallbladder disease in pediatric patients. The scientific work answers many controversial questions regarding the diagnosis of biliary dyskinesia, the choice of diagnostic method for concomitant choledocholithiasis, and the selection of the most effective surgical approach.
Modern view on the problem of urine diversion in children with severe urinary disorders
Authors: Ignatyev Roman O. , Guseva Natal’ya B. , Romashin Maksim A.
Published: March 2021

Urination is a complex multicomponent process. Urinary disorders often lead to serious consequences on the urinary system, social maladaptation, and impairment of the quality of children's lives. Due to the large number of pathologies leading to these disorders and the involvement of several systems (for example, the nervous system in myelodysplasia), the doctor must be extensively knowledgeable and experienced in related fields. Surgical methods of urinary diversion have a long history. Surgeons worldwide have been trying to solve this problem for many decades, but it remains relevant and unsolved. The wide variety of urinary disorders has a correspondingly impressive number of types and options of surgical interventions. The goals of these surgical techniques are to correct the anatomical and clinical aspects of the disorders and assure the childs socio-psychological adaptation. Surgeons must consider many factors such as all the pathogenetic nuances of an underlying disease, comorbidities, the childs constitutional features, prospects for his or her social adaptation, the family home environment, parents willingness to and focus on long and challenging treatment. Based on these details, it is evident that urinary diversion in children is a multifaceted problem. It requires a very careful and individualized approach to each patient to ensure choosing the optimal treatment method in each case. This choice will affect many aspects of the childs life, including his or her social adaptation, the ability to obtain an education and lead an almost normal lifestyle. The aim of this study is to review and systematize the accumulated knowledge on this subject.
Esophageal atresia — state of the art (review of literature on the PUBMED base)
Authors: Rothenberg Steven , Kozlov Yury А.
Published: March 2021

Esophageal atresia is fundamentally important in pediatric surgery, as its treatment results create an accurate portrait of the standards of surgical care, which is provided by any medical institution. Cameron Haight performed the first successful reconstruction of the esophagus malformation relatively recently just over 70 years ago. Advances in neonatal surgery, technology and advances in neonatal intensive care have dramatically improved treatment outcomes for this disease. Current mortality from this developmental abnormality has become minimal, despite its frequent association with other malformations. A revolutionary approach to the treatment of esophageal atresia was developed by Steven Rothenberg in 1999, the pioneer and legend of pediatric minimally invasive surgery. In 1999, he revolutionized esophageal anastomosis by thoracoscopy. The innovative concept of the minimally invasive approach ensured minimal trauma to patients, thereby providing the possibility of rapid postoperative recovery of patients and reducing the length of their surgical hospital stay. This literature review raises the main controversy in the surgical treatment of esophageal atresia in the 21st century. Emphasis is placed on the study of the role of minimally invasive surgery and the treatment of concomitant abnormalities associated with gastroesophageal reflux and tracheomalacia. As part of the study, a description of all the latest technologies, advances in technical and scientific terms, solutions, exceptional experience, and competence in developing and implementing minimally invasive operations in young children. These developments changed the direction of pediatric surgery and improved the quality of surgical care for children with congenital malformation of the esophagus and how they were performed.
Gastroenteroanastomosis using NOTES-technologies — results of an experimental study
Authors: Smirnov Aleksandr А. , Chernov Alexander V. , Kargabaeva Asem B. , Konkina Nadezhda V. , Baranova Natalya A. , Rasputin Andrey A. , Ochirov Chimit B. , Cheremnov Vladislav S. , Kozlov Yury A.
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Transluminal endoscopic surgery performed through natural orifices can reduce the incidence of complications associated with the surgical procedure and the incidence of postoperative complications. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of performing an experimental gastroenteroanastomosis in a live pig model using NOTES.
Materials and methods. The experimental study was performed on living laboratory models pigs weighing from 25 to 30 kg. The studys preliminary phase allowed working out the technique using two animals removed from the experiment after its successful completion. The final phase included the implementation of gastrojejunoanastomosis in six animals with subsequent observation. In three animals, the procedure was performed with laparoscopic assistance using a single-channel video gastroscope. In the other three animals, it was performed without laparoscopy using a two-channel video gastroscope. Antibiotic therapy continued for seven days after surgery. The surviving animals were removed from the experiment after four weeks. Patency of the anastomosis was confirmed by repeated endoscopy and histological analysis of tissues.
Results. All procedures were completed successfully in six animals (three males and three females). The formation of anastomosis required an average of 133.3 43.8 minutes (range, 80200 minutes). In one animal, bleeding during gastric wall incision was recorded and was stopped by electrocoagulation. One animal died because of an anastomotic leak and peritonitis, confirmed by autopsy. In the five surviving animals, repeated endoscopy demonstrated fully passable anastomoses covered by the mucosa.
Conclusion. Gastrojejunal anastomosis using NOTES technology is technically possible but requires additional study.
Oxygenated salt enteral solution in the treatment of a child with pancreonekrosis
Authors: Bykov Mikhail V. , Prometneu Dmitry V. , Mayorov Alexey D. , Mutsilkhanova Milana M. , Tyaglecova Lyudmila N. , Fedyushkina Victoria O. , Nafikov Vyacheslav S. , Sytkov Valentin V. , Lazarev Vladimir V.
Published: March 2021

Objective. This article describes the first experience of using an oxygenated salt intestinal solution (SIS) in the complex intensive care of functional intestinal failure (FIF) developed due to pancreonecrosis in a child aged 10 years 11 months after a blunt abdominal injury and burdened with concomitant alimentary factor.
Complex treatment was aimed to eliminate increasing endotoxicosis, pain syndrome, suspected secondary ischemia of the affected organs of the pancreaticoduodenal zone, restoration of motor and barrier functions of the intestine. In this connection, adjustments were made to the early enteral nutrition and enteral correction method using an oxygenated salt enteral solution (with a description of the oxygenation method), which allowed for 12 h to eliminate intestinal paresis, with the production of stool. According to the intestinal lavage method, repeated use of SIR-RA led to the significant persistent improvement in the patients condition and a decrease in inflammatory markers, which subsequently allowed the transition to adequate enteral nutrition. The patient was subsequently transferred to a specialized surgical Department and discharged from the hospital, and recovered with no signs of endocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Positive treatment results of a patient with pancreonecrosis complicated by FIF were made possible by improving intensive therapy tactics using an oxygenated salt enteral solution. The scheme of gradual enteral correction developed and used by us is an essential component of complex therapy of pancreonecrosis and functional intestinal insufficiency. The use of an oxygenated salt enteral solution helps to restore the main functions of the gastrointestinal tract.
Jubilee Vadim G. Geldt
Authors: Rozinov Vladimir М.
Published: March 2021

A brief description of the professional way of one of the leading figures of pediatric surgery in Russia, a remarkable scientist and teacher Vadim Georgievich Geldt, who is 80 years old.
Treatment of children with the complication of chemical burns of the esophagus
Authors: Sharipov Aslamhon M. , Shamszoda Khizmatullah A. , Rahmatova Rukhshona A. , Usupov Bobokhon Kh. , Dodochonov Uldosh T. , Sayfulloev Abdusator A. , Ymarov Ymed L. , Khovari Namoz , Akbarov Usuf A. , Mazabshoev Salomatsho A.
Published: March 2021

Objective to improve the results of treatment of children with cicatricial narrowing of the esophagus in various dilative ways.

The results of treatment of 95 patients aged from 1 year to 18 years with Cicatricial esophageal stenosis in the period from 2014 to 2019 were analyzed. There were 59 boys (62.1%) and 36 girls (37.9%). The patients were divided into two groups. The control group included 47 (49.5%) patients who had esophageal dilatations performed "blind" in 15 children and "thread" in 32 children, the main group 48 (50.5%) patients who had esophageal augmentation performed using conductor screws. Of the 95 patients, 70 (73.7%) were after burning with acetic essence, 20 (21.05%) after burning with alkali, 2 (2.1%) after consuming potassium permanganate crystals, 2 (2.1%) after swallowing a round battery, and another (1.05%) received a burn from an unknown chemical reagent. Diameters and lengths of narrowed sections were taken into account based on endoscopic and radiological data in order to select the appropriate sizes of branches in both groups.

18 (26%) of 70 children with scar stenosis after acetic essence were admitted to the hospital later than a month, with dilation of which in 4 cases (5.7%) there was a complication in the form of esophageal perforation, where two children had short scar stenosis, and the rest had tubular and elongated. The cases of complications in the control group were in three cases (two during blind bugging and one during bugging "for a thread"), and in the main group in one. 20 (21.05%) children had scar stenosis after an alkaline burn, where extended scar stenosis was observed 6 (30%) patients. In the control group, 4 of patients had boujinga complications, and in the main group 2. In 2 (2.1%) patients with Scar stenosis, which occurred after the potassium permanganate crystals were successfully run "along the thread". In two children, scar stenosis was formed after swallowing batteries, where one was reinforced with a "thread" (there was a perforation of the esophagus), and the other with a conducting string. Two children who received scar stenosis from an unknown reagent were reinforced with a conducting string, where in the first case a favorable result was achieved, and the outcome of treatment of the second child due to expanded stenosis was not successful. They were offered gastrostomy surgery to perform "thread" listening, but this offer was not accepted.

Conclusions. The obtained results reflect an advantage for bougienage on the conductor string in the treatment of children with cicatricial stenosis of the esophagus compared with other dilatation methods.
Results of the conference with international participation “Respiratory diseases in general practice”
Authors: Kuznetsova Olga Y.
Published: March 2021

The article provides information about the conference with international participation Respiratory diseases in general medical practice, which was held on-line on the webinar.ru platform on October 14, 2020. The main provisions of the reports included in the program of this event are presented.
Attitudes of students, residents and general practitioners towards vaccination
Authors: Moiseeva Irina E. , Turusheva Anna V.
Published: March 2021

The study presented in the article was performed at the Department of Family Medicine of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov. The aim of study was to assess the attitude of general practitioners, residents, and students towards vaccination.
Materials and methods. The study involved 22 students, 14 residents and 21 general practitioners. Participants completed a questionnaire that included questions about self-assessment of the level of knowledge in the field of vaccination, attitude towards vaccination, opinion about its effectiveness, etc. Statistical analysis was performed using the software SPSS 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and MedCalc 11.5.00 (Medcalc Software, Oostende). The Chi-square test was used to assess intergroup differences.
Results and discussion. 61% of the participants rated their own level of knowledge in the field of vaccine prevention as good, 21% as satisfactory and 5% as excellent. The most confident in their level of knowledge were students, in the second place residents and in the third place doctors (p 0.05). 90% of respondents identified their attitude to vaccination as positive. 95.5% of students, 85.7% of residents and 76.2% of doctors noted that vaccination is necessary (mandatory). The effectiveness of vaccination is considered high by 86% of participants. When asked whether the respondents do preventive vaccinations for themselves and their children, the majority chose the options Yes, within the national calendar plus additional and all within the national calendar (51% and 39%, respectively).
Conclusion. The attitude of the surveyed doctors, residents and students to vaccination is mostly positive, the majority of respondents assess the effectiveness of vaccination as high. Most respondents are vaccinated in accordance with the national vaccination schedule, a large proportion of respondents also do vaccinations that are not included in the national schedule. Almost all respondents recommend preventive vaccinations to patients.
Yılan Isırmaları ve Antivenom Tedavisinin Önemi
Authors: KARAKUŞ Ali , ATALAY Ezgi
Published: March 2021

Yılan venomları kompleks enzim ve toksik proteinler içerir. Hastaların kliniği kuru ısırıktan ölüme kadar çok geniş yelpazede olabilir. Tedavide asıl olan antivenom uygulamasıdır. 13 yaşında bayan hasta acil servise 1 saat önce yılan ısırması nedeniyle getirildi. Genel durumu kötü, şuuru konfüze, ajite ve Glaskow Koma Skalası 10 idi. Tansiyon arteryel 90/40mmHg, nabız 120/dk idi. Sağ ayak dış malleolde hafif ödem, hematom, ekstremitelerde ekimotik alanlar ve ağız içinde kanaması mevcuttu. Kan tahlillerinde anormal olarak pansitopeni ve International Normalized Ratio (INR) uzaması tespit edildi. Hastaya 4x2 doz, toplam 14 ampul yılan antivenomu verildi. 3 gün boyunca takip edilen hasta şifayla taburcu edildi. Antivenom tedavisi zamanında, yeterli dozda ve uygun hastaya verilmelidir. Bu sayede oluşabilecek morbiditeler önlenebilir.
Entre paredes que encierran historia: la transformación del monumento para su explotación hotelera
Authors: Lorenzo Aspres Alberta
Published: March 2021

La interacción Turismo y Patrimonio se estudia desde distintas disciplinas por la variedad de efectos que producen entre sí. No puede olvidarse que el turismo es, ante todo, un sector económico de peso y, como tal, su alcance sobre los elementos patrimoniales, escogidos para su explotación, origina la conversión de éstos en productos preparados para el consumo público. Para dicha conversión, en cuanto a Patrimonio Histórico, surgen nuevas soluciones para revitalizarlo, introduciendo en su historia un nuevo programa –uso turístico, el hotel–. La cuestión principal se inicia con el cambio de uso y de programa. ¿Cómo rehabilitar? ¿Cómo adaptar? ¿Cómo transformar? Y la puesta en valor de dicho Patrimonio y de su entorno representa un ámbito privilegiado para la cooperación asentando las bases para el desarrollo de un turismo sostenible y de calidad.
Estratégia de desenvolvimento turístico do vale do Alva: Alvaland
Authors: Salgado Manuel
Published: March 2021

O rio Alva desenvolve-se na encosta sudoeste da Serra da Estrela em pleno Parque Natural, estendendo-se desde a aldeia do Sabugueiro, no concelho de Seia, até ao concelho de Penacova, onde desagua no rio Mondego. Este rio escavou o seu leito por um caminho sinuoso, que possui uma extensão aproximada a 106 quilómetros e criou um vale de uma beleza natural muito valorizada pelos visitantes, começando na apreciação das águas límpidas e frescas do Alva, a partir dos socalcos verdejantes que envolvem o rio, e projetando a vista de quem observa a linha do horizonte em admiração pelo conjunto de montanhas que ladeiam este vale majestoso. É o seu enorme potencial turístico que nos conduz a equacionar a sustentabilidade deste território de baixa densidade, que tem o seu “coração” na região da Beira Serra. Assim, reconhecemos dois produtos turísticos potenciadores de estratégias de desenvolvimento a nível regional: turismo de natureza e turismo cultural. A inventariação rigorosa dos recursos endógenos com vista ao conhecimento do seu potencial turístico torna-se uma etapa essencial para a definição dos produtos turísticos, que podem determinar a vocação e a imagem turística desta região, que batizamos como Alvaland.
El turismo activo en A Baixa Limia (Ourense): situación y perspectivas. Un análisis cualitativo de la opinión de los agentes locales
Authors: Villamarín Pablo de Carlos , Araújo Vila Noelia , Rodríguez Campo Lorena
Published: March 2021

El trinomio turismo-deporte-naturaleza está en pleno auge en la actualidad, al combinar el interés de los individuos por desplazarse fuera de su entorno habitual, por la salud y el cuerpo y, finalmente, por alejarse de núcleos urbanos y disfrutar de entornos naturales. El número de actividades implicadas es muy amplio, dependiendo de la intensidad física buscada y del medio elegido para su práctica (terrestre, acuático o aéreo). Es por ello que los destinos turísticos que cumplen los requisitos necesarios para ofertar turismo activo se planteen éste como una alternativa para incrementar o incluso focalizar su oferta turística. En el presente trabajo se analiza el caso de A Baixa Limia (Ourense), destino que presenta una dotación de recursos naturales que, a priori, lo convierten en idóneo para albergar este tipo de turismo. Por ello, tras poner de manifiesto la presencia en la comarca de los factores clave para el desarrollo del turismo activo, se presenta la evidencia obtenida mediante entrevistas en profundidad a profesionales y expertos de la zona relativa a diferentes aspectos que caracterizan el turismo activo en la comarca: oferta, demanda y repercusiones y perspectivas de futuro. De los resultados obtenidos se desprende que A Baixa Limia posee numerosos recursos para convertirse en un destino referente para la práctica de turismo activo, aunque faltan empresas que exploten este potencial; además, la cooperación público-privada todavía es insuficiente y es necesario trabajar en una oferta complementaria atractiva que permita una experiencia completa por parte del turista.
Nuevas tecnologías para el desarrollo de la industria turística en Guanajuato, México
Authors: Mejía Rocha Mónica Isabel
Published: March 2021

El presente trabajo, trabajo de tipo exploratorio, expone un diagnóstico sobre la utilización de las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC´S) en 175 empresas turísticas de la ciudad de Guanajuato. Dentro de los principales resultados se pudo encontrar que la gran mayoría de las empresas incluye al menos una TIC para el desarrollo de sus actividades diarias. Dentro de las tareas más recurrentes en las cuales se encuentran dichas tecnologías son: comercialización, administración y servicio al cliente. Las TIC´s con mayor recurrencia en la muestra fueron: Procesadores de datos, terminales punto de venta, páginas web, redes sociales y globalizadores. De este trabajo se puede concluir que la inclusión de nuevas tecnologías en la industria del turismo se asociará de manera invariable con el desarrollo del turismo en un destino dado.
A contribuição das TICs para aumentar a credibilidade da imagem do destino. Estudo exploratório para o segmento de turismo acadêmico
Authors: Rodrigues Soares Jakson Renner
Published: March 2021

A existência de estudantes internacionais em Galícia é uma situação cada vez mais evidente nas universidades galegas. Devido à competitividade existente não só entre destinos, mas também entre universidades, entender quais são os aspectos que influenciam na eleição do estudante, e saber como podemos influenciar na decisão desse turista é um ponto vital para a competitividade destes dois entes. Neste trabalho buscamos definir a mobilidade estudantil internacional como segmento turístico, além de propor variáveis que conformam a sua imagem. A pesquisa foi realizada segundo uma óptica qualitativa exploratória. Com ela se logrou identificar um conjunto de características do processo de formação da imagem. Aspectos afetivos e cognitivos que são considerados pelo turista acadêmico e que influem no seu comportamento de escolha do destino. Para chegar a esses resultados empiricamente, utilizou-se como métodos de coleta e análises dos dados a entrevista qualitativa e a análise de conteúdo, respectivamente. Dentre os resultados encontrados, cabe destacar a importância dada às informações orgânicas consultadas pelos entrevistados, que podem e devem ser consideradas pelos stakeholders de um destino que trabalhe com este segmento turístico.
Análisis turístico de Almadén (Ciudad Real). Propuestas de mejora en un entorno Patrimonio de la Humanidad
Authors: Azuara Grande Alberto , Del Río de la Hoz Isabel
Published: March 2021

Venimos asistiendo en las últimas décadas a un incremento continuado de la importancia del turismo cultural tanto en nuestro país como en el resto de Europa, planteándose como un modelo alternativo al tradicional “turismo de sol y playa”. Este turismo “de interior” toma distintas posiciones dependiendo del destino a visitar, motivación  del turista o tipo de oferta turística seleccionada, surgiendo así diferentes posibilidades de oferta turística, proporcionada a través de destinos de turismo cultural urbano, turismo de naturaleza o de turismo rural, a grandes rasgos. Estas formas de turismo no resultan independientes entre sí, y pueden mostrarse en combinación formando amplios espacios territoriales turísticos, pudiendo contener productos y elementos más innovadores como son el caso de las acciones de desarrollo del turismo cultural relacionado con la industria y la minería. En estos territorios se ha conseguido recuperar el patrimonio industrial y minero, acompañado de la implantación de oferta turística como elemento capaz de contribuir a desarrollar la zona. El caso de Almadén es paradigmático en España, debido a su reciente declaración como Patrimonio de la Humanidad, de ahí que sea necesario evaluar cuál es la situación en la que se encuentra actualmente el lugar, qué es lo que se  ha  venido haciendo hasta ahora, y en base a esto, qué debe realizarse en adelante desde la planificación y la gestión turística para continuar en el desarrollo y consolidación del destino, sin perder de vista los elementos de autenticidad e integridad recogidos por la UNESCO
Análisis de la actividad y presencia en Facebook y otras redes sociales de las principales cadenas hoteleras españolas
Authors: Giraldo Cardona Claudia Marcela , Martínez María-Dolores Soledad María
Published: March 2021

Las redes sociales son una herramienta muy útil para la promoción de servicios, productos y destinos en el sector turístico. Por ello, teniendo en cuenta el elevado crecimiento que han tenido en el número de usuarios que las utilizan durante los últimos años, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar la actividad de las principales cadenas hoteleras españolas en las mismas. Para ello, a través del modelo PRGS (Presencia, Respuesta, Generación y Sugerencia), medimos el comportamiento y la actividad que las cadenas hoteleras Españolas llevan a cabo en las redes sociales, fijándonos especialmente en Facebook por la relevancia que tiene en este sector, durante el periodo de al menos un año.
Use of Artificial Neural Network for Estimation of Propeller Torque Values in a CODLAG Propulsion System
Authors: Baressi Šegota Sandi , Štifanić Daniel , Ohkura Kazuhiro , Car Zlatan
Published: March 2021

An artificial neural network (ANN) approach is proposed to the problem of estimating the propeller torques of a frigate using combined diesel, electric and gas (CODLAG) propulsion system. The authors use a multilayer perceptron (MLP) feed-forward ANN trained with data from a dataset which describes the decay state coefficients as outputs and system parameters as inputs – with a goal of determining the propeller torques, removing the decay state coefficients and using the torque values of the starboard and port propellers as outputs. A total of 53760 ANNs are trained – 26880 for each of the propellers, with a total 8960 parameter combinations. The results are evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE) and coefficient of determination (R2). Best results for the starboard propeller are MAE of 2.68 [Nm], and MAE of 2.58 [Nm] for the port propeller with following ANN configurations respectively: 2 hidden layers with 32 neurons and identity activation and 3 hidden layers with 16, 32 and 16 neurons and identity activation function. Both configurations achieve R2 value higher than 0.99.