bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The challenge to design a state of the art greenfield sugar refinery – an African experience
Authors: Stark Thomas , Emeis Robert
Published: December 2019

Numerous requirements are the challenge designing a state of the art sugar refinery. Local conditions have to be considered, starting from the landscape features, the size of the available plot of land and its infrastructure as well as the availability, quality and price of water and energy carriers.

For most process steps, various technologies are available. It is necessary to make an ideal choice, one that harmonizes best with the location and the project parameters. Decisions such as whether to install a steam or gas turbine, the installation of a single or multi effect evaporation unit or the best juice purification concept have to be made as well as thoughts given to a possible sugar conditioning and the storage system, etc.

This paper, with reference to a green-field refinery in Lagos Nigeria designed in detail by IPRO, describes the essential decision making steps concerning the definition of process technology and energy concept of the plant. The main technologies as well as the layout will be explained, considering future extensions.

Qualified value added design and the application of modern tools are prerequisites for success and minimize the demand of time and cost for the construction phase quite considerably.
Drying special sugars
Authors: Pron Frédéric
Published: December 2019

Although the last step in sugar processing before storage, drying and cooling of sugar do not require less attention but more than other processes. In this presentation the most important parameters in the drying of special sugars (purity, particle size, reducing sugar/invert sugar) and their impact on the drying kinetics, on the interaction air/sugar (sorption curves) and on the stability of sugar during storage or conditioning are discussed.

The strict quality needs of the customer and the wish to have a sugar as dry as possible often encounter the limitations of traditional equipment. The advantages and disadvantages and limitations of the different technical solutions available are detailed. What could be an optimum and most flexible solution for drying and cooling specialty sugars is discussed.
Effect of agronomic factors on invert sugar accumulation in sugar beet
Authors: Leijdekkers Martijn
Published: December 2019

Since 2013, the glucose content of all beet samples from beet reception and field trials is routinely analyzed in The Netherlands using a biosensor which is integrated into the automatic beet laboratory system. The invert sugar content is subsequently calculated from the glucose content using a linear conversion factor. This additional information helps to identify beet deliveries with a questionable beet quality at an early stage and provides valuable information on various agronomic factors that increase invert sugar accumulation in the beet. Based on results obtained during the past years, different factors are highlighted that affect the invert sugar content in the beet. Among these factors, beet deterioration following frost damage and the presence of root rot due to infestation by pests and diseases have shown to increase the invert sugar content dramatically. In addition, unfavorable storage conditions and bad harvesting quality had a substantial impact on invert sugar accumulation. Growth conditions and beet variety also influenced the invert sugar content markedly, although to a much lesser extent. Using the obtained data, the most important control measures that enable growers to prevent undesired invert sugar formation and consequent sugar losses in their beet are discussed.
Parainfectious Transverse Myelitis secondary to Varicella Zoster Virus
Authors: Ghimire Nirmal , Dhungel Sanjib , Dhungana Krishna , Pradhananga Srijana , Thapa Sushma , Sherpa Ang Gelu , Koirala Dinesh , Shrestha Apurba
Published: December 2019

Varicella zoster virus is a human herpes virus that causes chickenpox and herpes zoster. Varicella zoster virus leads to numerous complications of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Transverse myelitis is a disorder characterized by focal inflammation of the spinal cord and results in loss of motor and sensory function below the level of injury. Transverse myelitis caused by Varicella zoster virus reactivation is rare in immunocompetent patients. Herein, we report a case of transverse myelitis caused by Varicella zoster virus in an immunocompetent young patient. A 33 years gentleman was admitted to our hospital with complaints of multiple pleomorphic skin lesions and fever for 10 days, unable to pass urine on his will for four days and weakness of bilateral lower limbs for three days. MRI spine showed long segment ill-defined mild T2 hyper intensity noted in the spinal cord along the visible portion of lower thoracic vertebra. The patient was treated with steroids and Acyclovir.He recovered completely in one month after discharge. Prompt clinical diagnosis with early use of antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatment is important for good outcome of disease in resource limited country like Nepal.
Desquamative Gingivitis: A Sign of Mucocutaneous Disorder
Authors: KC Sushil , Pradhan Shaili , Gupta Sujaya
Published: December 2019

Desquamative gingivitis is characterized by erythematous gingiva, desquamation and erosion of the gingival epithelium.It is a clinical manifestation of various disorders that can manifest as a desquamative lesion of gingiva rather than a disease entity.It is seen mainly in adults, especially women, although rare cases have been observed in children. Failure to evaluate properly and systematically a patient with a clinical condition consistent with desquamative gingivitis can lead to unpleasant outcomes. Clinical features may be symptomatic to asymptomatic with complaints ranging from burning sensation to intense pain.Lesions are found in skin, genitalia, or oral mucosa, although confined to gingiva alone in some patients.Diagnosis and treatment planning depends on history,clinical features,histopathology and immunofluorescence. Correct diagnosis of mucocutaneous disorders where DG is a presenting manifestation involves taking a careful history and thorough intra-oral examination. A definitive diagnosis depends on taking an incisional biopsy from perilesional site and sending a fresh specimen for immunostaining.
Association of Serum Uric acid with Recent Ischaemic Stroke
Authors: Gyawali Suraj
Published: December 2019

Introduction: To evaluate association of serum uric acid with ischemic stroke patients and assess its relationship with cerebrovascular risk factors.

Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional observational study conducted at TUTH between May 2016 to May 2017. A total 120 Patients eligible for the study criteria was enrolled for the study. Nonprobability convenience sampling was used for the sampling purpose. All patients ages 40 years or above 40 years with confirmed diagnosis of recent ischaemic stroke were included for the analysis.

Results: Mean ages of the enrolled subjects were 60.63 years ± 11.11 SD and eighty three (69.2%) population were male. Sixty one (50.8%) subjects were smoker and twenty seven (22.5%) were alcoholic. Prevalence of hyperuricemia was 17.5%. Serum uric acid level values were higher in male(69.1%) than female(30.9) population..Higher levels of serum uric acid level were found in both male population who smoked and were alcoholic in contrast serum uric acid levels were higher in both female population who were non smoker and did not consume alcohol in comparison to male. .Likewise, both diabetic and dyslipidemic male and female had higher serum uric acid level in comparison to who were non diabetic and did not consume alcohol. The mean score of serum uric acid level in male and female were significa different (P=0.029). Similalry, serum uric acid level was significantly different in smoker and no-smoker group (p=0.049), hypertensive and non hypertensive (p=0.027) and dyslipidemic and non dyslipidemic group (p=0.005)

Conclusions: Our study showed high prevalence of hyperuricemia in ischemic stroke patients and there was a potential link between serum uric acid and cerebrovascular risk factors, indicating possible role of uric acid as the risk factor of ischemic stroke.

Keywords: cerebrovascular risk factor; Uric acid level, recent ischaemic stroke.
Seasonal Variation and COVID-19 Pandemic in Nepal
Authors: Dhakal Puspa , Pd. Pokhrel Bishnu
Published: December 2019

The World Health Organization has declared the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Covid-19 as a pandemic as it has spread globally. Understanding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) global dispersal pattern, it is important to know the environmental parameters within which the virus survives. There is adequate evidence in epidemiological and biological aspects to prove human beings are prone to viral pathogens such as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza virus in cold weather. Apart from the influence of seasonality, other factors that might impact the rate of virus spread includes the effectiveness of infection control practices, individual behavior and immunity, and emergency preparedness levels of countries. This viewpoint highlights the potential influence of weather conditions, seasons, and non-climatological factors on the geographical spread of cases of COVID-19 across the globe.
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of Talus
Authors: Bahadur Lakhey Rajesh , Chandra Adhikary Sharad , Kafle Dinesh
Published: December 2019

Aneurysmal bone cyst is a non-neoplastic, locally aggressive lesion usually involving metaphyseal regions of long tubular bones. It rarely involves talus. We report a case of a 21 years old female patient with primary aneurysmal bone cyst of talus which was managed at our hospital.
Caudal Epidural for Pain Management of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Kumar Muniandy Rajesh , Nagalingam Nagarajan
Published: December 2019

Prostate cancer is the second commonest cancer found in men. Pain can occur in both early and advanced stages of prostate cancer, with an incidence of 30-50%. The pain can be caused directly by the cancer or related to the cancer treatment. Currently, pain in prostate cancer is managed with surgery, medication, radiotherapy or chemotherapy. It can also be managed by intra-thecal morphine, psoas sheet catheter and superior hypogastric block. However, all these procedures involve risks. We present a case of Stage 4 Prostate Cancer who presented with severe lower back pain. We performed a caudal epidural, which was very successful to reduce the patient's pain and improve his quality of life. We recommend a caudal epidural should be considered as an option to manage metastatic bone pain in prostate cancer patients.
PENERAPAN FLIPPED CLASSROM BERBASIS YOUTUBE DI PRODI MATEMATIKA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MAHASISWA
Authors: Harahap Muhammad Syahril , Nasution Sartika Rati Asmara
Published: December 2019

Rendahnya kemampuan pemecahan masalah di Institut Pendidikan Tapanuli Sealatan Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika telah terlihat secara kuantitatif saat observasi kelas di IPTS. Sehubungan dengan keterkaitan tersebut maka penting mengembangkan pembelajaran yang efektif untuk kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis. Pemecahan masalah matematis disini adalah pemecahan masalah soal soal tidak biasa (Non Routine) guna bekal dalam persaingan global. Salah satu pembelajaran yang sesuai jika ditelusuri secara teoritis adalah pembelajaran Flipped Classroom sebab pembelajaran ini akan memberikan sentuhan baru berupa variasi mengajar menggunakan media pembelajaran berupa video pembelajaran online. Dalam hal ini youtube menjadi aplikasi pilihan yang tepat. Berangkat dari fenomena tersebut, target khusus yang ingin dicapai adalah ingin menyumbang pemikiran tentang bagaimana menciptakan pembelajaran yang efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis mahasiswa yang masuk dalam kategori pemikiran tingkat tinggi (High Order Thinking). Metode yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimen semu. Dengan hasil observasi penerapan model pembelajaran flipped classroom oleh peneliti di prodi matematika IPTS telah dilaksanakan sebesar 3,8 yang jika dikategorikan adalah sangat baik. Kemudian kemampuan pemecahan masalah mahasiswa juga ikut meningkat dengan meningkatan dari rata rata 51.6 menjadi 81,6 serta banyaknya aktifitas-aktifitas positif yang terjadi setelah dilaksanakannya model pembelajaran ini.
Para Ler e Interpretar o Texto: reflexões a partir da linguagem e suas implicações para o ensino e aprendizagem de Matemática
Authors: Gonçalves Lacerda Alan
Published: December 2019

Este texto discute alguns dos obstáculos para a compreensão dos conteúdos em Matemática, bem como de metodologias de ensino de Matemática promulgadas sobre a leitura e escrita nas aulas. Um conjunto importante dessas interpretações são oriundas dos estudos de Gilles-Gaston Granger, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Jhon L. Austin, Paul Ricoeur e Gottlob Frege. A partir dessas abordagens trazidas por estes autores, discutirei suas consequências teóricas para o estudo da linguagem, especialmente articulá-las para colocar em destaque a função comunicativa. Sendo assim, discorro sobre as questões relativas a linguagem, seus usos e funcionamentos para o ensino e aprendizagem, com o intuito de demonstrar que na Matemática, no que respeita aos conceitos com que operam, tem a função de ser uma norma, e por outro lado, indigitar que é necessário reconhecer que não tem papeis fixos e pré-determinados,cuja a função pode ser alterada ou mudada a partir do momento de escolhas e arranjos no sistema linguístico, por tornarem-se elementos do processo comunicativo dos atos de fala. Nesse ínterim, mostro as características sobre uma estrutura lógica para ler o texto matemático via aos estilos que se delineam sobre a interpretação.
Aplicação de regras matemáticas: entre o treino e o uso da gramática
Authors: Abreu da Silveira Marisa Rosâni , Vilhena da Silva Paulo
Published: December 2019

Este texto tem o objetivo de discutir a aplicação de regras matemáticas que, sob a perspectiva da filosofia de Wittgenstein, podem ser compreendidas pelo treino. O treino corresponde a diversas aplicações de uma determinada regra matemática em diferentes contextos. Para que o aluno aplique tal regra, ele pode consultar a gramática da matemática na qual esta regra está inserida. A gramática própria da matemática é o conjunto de regras que determina o uso adequado de conceitos matemáticos, tais como aqueles que provêm da aritmética, álgebra e geometria. Após algumas inserções nas ideias de alguns comentadores de Wittgenstein, do próprio filósofo e de alguns educadores matemáticos que utilizam sua filosofia para pensar a docência, concluímos que é no movimento entre o treino e o uso da gramática que o estudante percebe a circularidade de sentidos dos conceitos matemáticos.
Linguagem em Atividades de Modelagem Matemática: uma perspectiva wittgensteiniana
Authors: Palharini Alvim Sousa Bárbara Nivalda , Werle de Almeida Lourdes Maria
Published: December 2019

Neste artigo investigamos relações entre modelagem matemática e linguagem, em particular, a linguagem matemática. Dados provenientes de uma atividade de modelagem matemática, desenvolvida por treze alunos, são analisados a fim de responder a questão de pesquisa: “como os alunos justificam seus procedimentos matemáticos no decorrer de atividades de modelagem matemática?” Registros escritos, transcrição de áudio e vídeo possibilitaram uma análise da linguagem dos alunos no desenvolvimento da atividade. Levando em consideração elementos da perspectiva wittgensteiniana de linguagem são construídas árvores de associação de ideias que sinalizam o modo como os alunos utilizam proposições, regras e diferentes jogos de linguagem que se articulam na justificativa dos procedimentos matemáticos utilizados pelos alunos.
Algumas Considerações sobre a Alfabetização Matemática no Pacto Nacional da Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC)
Authors: Cardoso Cíntia Maria , Cornelia Gottschalk Cristiane Maria
Published: December 2019

Trata-se de uma reflexão de natureza filosófica sobre os usos da expressão alfabetização matemática nos documentos oficiais do Pacto Nacional da Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC), encontrados no site do Ministério da Educação (MEC), a fim de identificar algumas das diretrizes que norteiam a prática da alfabetização matemática no Brasil, as quais pressupõem uma realidade matemática subjacente aos diversos modos de representação de uma situação empírica. Recorremos a algumas ideias do filósofo austríaco Ludwig Wittgenstein, para evidenciar nestes documentos algumas confusões conceituais que podem levar a dificuldades de aprendizagem, na medida em que se busca fundamentos últimos da atividade matemática no universo extralinguístico e/ou não se tem clareza do uso (descritivo ou gramatical) de seus conceitos e/ou expressões matemáticas nos seus diversos contextos de aplicação. Ao final, a partir da concepção de “jogo de linguagem” de Wittgenstein e de seu conceito de “semelhanças de família”, fazemos uma análise crítica de uma das atividades propostas nestes documentos em que identificamos uma abordagem referencial de conceitos e expressões linguísticas da matemática que pode explicar, em parte, o fato de que as políticas públicas, em vigor, têm sido insuficientes para diminuir os problemas relativos à alfabetização matemática.
Escrita e Leitura em Geometriquês
Authors: Velasco Jaime , Cunha Sueli
Published: December 2019

O estudo da linguagem matemática pode ser comparado ao de uma língua estrangeira; isto é, deve-se conhecer suas regras gramaticais (em diversos níveis de aprendizagem como básico, intermediário e avançado) para melhor compreender um texto, ou uma expressão, escritos nesta linguagem. Além disso, por vezes é interessante observar os dialetos, caracterizando as diferenças regionais (no caso de uma língua natural), que podem ser comparadas às diferenças entre as diversas áreas da matemática.  Este artigo trata de uma breve introdução ao dialeto Geometriquês, e aborda algumas das dificuldades em termos de nomenclatura, e de escrita e leitura de frases neste dialeto, bem como faz uma pequena comparação entre o Geometriquês e o Algebrês.
A Tradução da Linguagem Matemática na aprendizagem da Geometria por estudantes da Educação Básica
Authors: Lima Meira Janeisi de , Abreu da Silveira Marisa Rosâni
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo investigar acerca do processo de tradução da linguagem matemática para a língua natural durante a aprendizagem de matemática. Para tanto, fizemos uma intervenção em sala de aula com um grupo de alunos do Ensino Fundamental, da escola estadual Brigadeiro Felipe, em Arraias (TO). A produção do material empírico constituiu-se da aplicação de um questionário e de atividades com conteúdos de geometria plana. Assumimos como base teórica a filosofia madura de Wittgenstein, na qual esse autor destaca que traduzir é um jogo de linguagem, pois se constitui a partir do domínio de técnicas. As análises revelaram uma compreensão referencial da linguagem indicando a linguagem matemática exclusivamente como uma simbologia que representa o conceito matemático. Indicaram ainda que a tradução da linguagem matemática se revela como uma necessidade interna à própria matemática e que ao estabelecer diferentes jogos de linguagem favorece a sua aprendizagem. Desse modo, percebemos que as dificuldades de aprendizagem estão relacionadas à tradução equivocada da linguagem matemática para a língua natural do estudante em virtude de que os significados atribuídos aos conceitos aprendidos não favorecem a compreensão e aplicações da matemática em variados contextos.
UNIVERSAL AUTOBIOGRAPHY: SERENADE CHAFIK AND THE LANGUAGE OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors: FİŞEK Emine
Published: December 2019

Scholars of human rights often note the paradoxical premise of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948): “all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights,” yet these rights require implementation and monitoring in order to exist. Furthermore, although human rights discourses are premised on a universally recognizable, abstract set of ethical norms, these norms nonetheless need to be enforced as laws by specific states. The period that has witnessed the emergence of human rights as the governing language of emancipatory politics has also witnessed a wealth of autobiographical writing that articulates resistance to oppression and injustice with reference to universal rights. How then do these autobiographical accounts negotiate the paradox of human rights? This article approaches this question through a focus on Egyptian-French feminist Sérénade Chafik’s 2003 autobiography Répudiation, which chronicles the author’s legal struggle in France to gain custody of her Egyptian-born daughter. The goal is to understand how “rights” are established in literary testimony, to illustrate how the territories of France and Egypt figure in the author’s search for a just social order, and to think through how autobiography registers the limitations of a human rights readership community.
Tüketicilerin Nanoteknolojik Ürün Tercihleri Ve Satın Alma Niyetleri
Authors: KILIÇ Serkan , MUTİ TABANLI Seda
Published: December 2019

Nanoteknolojik ürünler, bünyesinde yenilik unsurunu barındıran ve tüketicilerin isteklerine yönelik yeni tekniklerle geliştirilen birçok üstün özellikli ürünü tüketiciye sunmaktadır. İleri teknolojiyle üretilen ürünlerin yer aldığı pazarların dinamik bir yapıya sahip olması, sürekli gelişim göstermesi ve çok fazla çeşitliliğe sahip olması, sektörde rekabetin yoğun şekilde yaşanmasına neden olmaktadır. Pazarda başarılı olmak isteyen üreticilerin, tüketicilerin nanoteknolojik ürünlere olan beklentilerini iyi analiz etmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı nanoteknolojik ürünlerin tüketiciler tarafından tercih edilmesinde etkili olan unsurları ve bu unsurların satın alma niyeti üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemektir. Çalışmada uygulanan anket çalışması, lisans öğrencileri üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiş ve veriler kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak 470 kişiden toplanmıştır. Kullanılan model, nanoteknolojik ürün satın alma niyeti ile ilgili literatür taraması sonucunda oluşturulmuş ve modelde kullanılan değişkenler; çevre, kişisel, sağlık, ekonomik, etik ve yasal, sosyal ve satın alma değişkenleri arasından seçilmiştir. Anket verileri IBM SPSS ve AMOS programlarıyla analiz edilmiş ve modelde oluşturulan hipotezlerin test edilmesi sağlanmıştır. Bu araştırmada kişisel, çevresel ve ekonomik faktörlerin nanoteknolojik ürünleri satın alma niyeti üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu, etik ve yasal, sağlık ve sosyal faktörlerin ise nanoteknolojik ürünleri satın alma niyeti üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Tevekkül Psikolojisi: Nedenleri, Süreci Ve Sonuçları Hakkında Nitel Bir Araştırma
Authors: ŞAHİN Meryem , HÖKELEKLİ Hayati
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı İslam Dini’ne ait önemli bir değer olan tevekkül yöneliminin psikolojik etkilerini açıklamaktır. Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden kuram oluşturma yaklaşımına dayalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Bu kapsamda amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi ile ulaşılan 50 kişiyle yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada içerik analizi ve betimsel analiz yapılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde NVivo 11 programından faydalanılmıştır.
Araştırmada katılımcıların tevekkül algılarının literatürdeki tevekkül tanımları ile uyumlu olduğu, tevekkülün özellikle yeni karar alma aşamalarında, sağlık problemlerinde, ekonomik problemlerde; belirsizlik, çaresizlik veya sıkıntı hissedilen anlarda başvurulan bir yönelim olduğu görülmüştür.
Kişilerin tevekkülün sonucu olarak kendilerini daha rahatlamış ve huzurlu hissettikleri, psikolojik dayanıklılıklarının arttığı, olayların sonuçlarını daha kolay kabullendikleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre tevekkülün inançlı kişiler için önemli bir psikolojik destek mekanizması olduğu görülmüştür.
Araştırmada tevekkül yönelimin sebepleri, sonuçları ve tevekkül süreci duygu-düşünce ve davranış olarak çok boyutlu ele alınmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları ilgili literatüre dayalı olarak tartışılmış ve ileri çalışmalar için öneriler getirilmiştir.
MANAGING WATER RESOURCES: THE EURO-INTEGRATED VECTOR
Authors: Khvesyk Mykhailo , Levkovska Lyudmila
Published: December 2019

As a result of the research, the priority tasks of water policy regarding the formation of integrated water resources management system are grounded taking into account the eurointegration vector of Ukraineʼs development. The necessity of the development of water management forecasts and scenarios for the purpose of creating an information base for choosing the optimal variant for the formation of the concept of concrete actions of water resources management of the river basin has been proved. The theoretical and methodological approaches to the development of river basin management plans in the implementation of the basic provisions of the European Union water directives in the national legislation are proposed. The main mechanisms for implementation of river basin management plans are defined and classified.
FORMS OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE SYSTEM OF GUARANTEE OF NATURAL TECHNOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
Authors: Stepanenko Anatolii , Omelchenko Alla
Published: December 2019

The essence and significance of public-private partnership (PPP) are disclosed, its forms and role as the key tool for solving important problems of balanced economic development are highlighted due to the involvement in the implementation of strategies of private operators. Defined forms of cooperation aimed at organizing interaction under the «business-government-community» scheme, the classification of PPP types is described, its forms and significance are analyzed in the system of providing of natural and technological and environmental safety on the basis of preventive safety. The promotion of the partnership mechanism in preserving and developing the ecological infrastructure is disclosed. The use of PPP as a mechanism for attracting investment projects to financial resources, redistributing risks and strengthening the responsibility of PPP parties for the implementation of investment projects is shown.
USE OF THE WORLD EXPERIENCE OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN UKRAINE
Authors: Tretyak Natalia , Kalenska Olga
Published: December 2019

The article investigates the world experience of public-private partnership in the economic activity of different countries. Different models and forms of contracts of public-private partnership are covered. The link between public-private partnership projects with the country and area of application is noted. The models of public-private partnership proposed by the World Bank for attracting private capital are covered. The main directions of realization of world forms of public-private partnership for Ukraine are proposed for the effective provision of sustainable spatial development, their further adaptation to the realities of our time.
Ethno-Medicinal Survey of Plants Used in Fever and Biological Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants
Authors: Paudel Sunila , Raj Joshi Khem
Published: December 2019

Fifty one plant species belonging to 35 families were documented for the traditional treatment of fever. The widely used species are Centellaasiatica (50%), Ocimumsantum (22.5%), Cissampelospareira (19.5%), Rubusellipticus (10%), and Allium hypsistum (14%). Leaves were used in majority of cases followed by roots in the form of decoction, juice, infusion with or without solvents such as water. Leave extract of R. ellipticus showed potent antioxidant activity towards 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity with IC50 value 2.98 µg/ml compared with standard Ascorbic acid (4.77 µg/ ml). The antibacterial activity of the leave of R. ellipticus showed comparable zone of inhibition with that of standard drugs at a concentration of 1 mg/ml.

Keywords: Fever, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial activity, Rubusellipticus, Centellaasiatica
Gender Differences in Feeding, Care, Support and Nutritional Status of Children in the Rural Area of Kaski District, Nepal.
Authors: Shrestha Basundhara , Kumar Yadav Dipendra
Published: December 2019

The girl child faces the neglect of the family in the form of a failure to provide her the basic necessities of life in terms of food, clothing, love, shelter, supervision, education and medical care. Differential treatment of the boys and girls within families can be attributed to the social religious, cultural and economic returns that sons provide to their parents relative to daughters. Objective of the study was to assess the gender differences in feeding, care, support and nutritional status of children in the rural area of Kaski district, Nepal. A cross sectional study was carried out among the 456 children of 0-23 months from four VDCs of Kaski district. Data were collected using cluster random sampling. After obtaining the oral consent from the mothers and then data were collected in a pre-tested, pre designed, structured questionnaire by interview technique. In this study half of the respondents initiated breast milk within one hour after birth. Among them, more male children were received breast milk than female children. Nearly all (98.7%) of female child were fed colostrums milk. More than half (53.6%) of the respondents (male 54.4% and female 52.9%) were feeding breast milk more than nine times in 24 hours. Higher proportions of male children were exclusively breastfed than female children. Similarly higher percentages of male children were fed complementary food on timely than female children. The frequency of complementary feeding was less than four times for both children. During child illness most of the respondents went to hospital and almost all children got vaccines and vitamin A. Female appeared slightly more likely to be stunted than male. 19.2% male and 13.1% female were underweight and the proportion of wasted were nearly same in both male and female. There were no much differences among both the gender regarding feeding practice, care and support.

Keywords: Gender differences in feeding; Care; Nutritional status of children; Rural area
Nasal Carriage Rate of Staphylococcus aureus in Hospital Personnel of National Medical College and Teaching Hospital and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern
Authors: Sah Prakash , Raj Rijal Komal , Shakya Bikash , Raj Tiwari Bishnu , Ghimire Prakash
Published: December 2019

Nasal carriage of S. aureus has been identified as a risk factor for community-acquired and nosocomial infections. Healthyhospital personnel may carry pathogenic hospital strains in their nose and skin and may spread these pathogens to thecommunity leading to more dreadful condition. This study was carried out at National Medical College & Teaching Hospitalwith the objective to study the nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aurues among the staffs at the hospital. A total of 54 nasalswabs were taken from the hospital staff. All the samples were processed following standard microbiological method. Grampositive cocci that were mannitol fermenting, catalase positive and coagulase positive isolates were considered as S. aureus.Nasal carriage rate of S. aureus among hospital staff was found to be 20.37%. Carriage among male and female staff was19% and 21.2% respectively (p>0.05). All nasal S. aureus isolates were sensitive to Amikacin and Vancomycin. Methicillinresistance rate was found to be 45.5%. High rate of nasal carriage of S. aureus indicates need for standard infection controlpractices to prevent transmission.

Key words: Hospital staff, Nasal Carriage, S. aureus
Neuroprotective Effect of Scutellaria baicalensis Against MCAo Induced Focal Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Prasad Gaire Bhakta , SOng MiKyung , O Kim Young , Park Juyeon , Kim Mi-Yeon , Bu Youngmin , Kim Hocheol
Published: December 2019

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Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Emergency Contraception among Youths of Parbat District
Authors: Subedi Sudarshan
Published: December 2019

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Factors Associated with First Delay to Seek emergency Obstetric Care Services among the Mother of Matsari VDC of Rautahat District
Authors: Kumar Jha Navin
Published: December 2019

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Maternal Health Issues of Nepal and Ways Forward
Authors: Ram Bhandari Tulsi
Published: December 2019

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Current Tobacco Control Policies in Nepal: Existing Gaps and Way Forward
Authors: K. Mahato Preeti
Published: December 2019

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. Community Involvement in Community Health Need Assessment
Authors: Shrestha Naveen
Published: December 2019

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miRNA-101 Targets TGF-βR1 to Retard the Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yong , Jia Rui-Zhi , Diao Shu , He Jun , Jia Li
Published: December 2019

Despite the considerable knowledge on the involvement of microRNA-101 (miR-101) in the evolution of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. In this study, miR-101 expression was markedly downregulated in the OSCC cell lines and tissues. Cell counting
kit-8 (CCK-8), ethynyl deoxyuridine (EdU), and colony formation assays showed that miR-101 inhibited the proliferation of OSCC cells. Flow cytometry and caspase 3 activity assays indicated that miR-101 induced OSCC cell apoptosis. Transwell assays demonstrated that this miRNA also repressed
OSCC cell migration and invasion. Moreover, tube formation assay showed that miR-101 abated the proangiogenesis of OSCC cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-101 directly targeted transforming growth factor-β receptor 1 (TGF-βR1) in OSCC. Ectopic expression of
TGF-βR1 counteracted the effects of miR-101 on the OSCC cell characteristics. Thus, miR-101 significantly abolished the proliferation, motility, and proangiogenesis of OSCC cells and induced their apoptosis by targeting TGF-βR1. These results imply the potential application of miR-101
in OSCC treatment.
Formation of metal/semiconductor Cu–Si composite nanostructures
Authors: Yumozhapova Natalya V , Nomoev Andrey V , Syzrantsev Vyacheslav V , Khartaeva Erzhena Ch
Published: December 2019

Molecular dynamics modelling of the formation of copper and silicon composite nanostructures was carried out by using the many-particle potential method. The dependences of the internal structure on the cooling rate and the ratio of elements were investigated. The possibility of the formation of the Cu–Si nanoparticles from both a homogeneous alloy and two initial drops at short distance were shown. A comparative analysis showed that the diameter distribution of copper and silicon atoms in experimental particles coincides with the simulation results with silicon content of 50 atom %. Additionally, an estimation of the effective experimental cooling rate was made.
On the ambidirectionality of Thai mid-scale predicates: How to get more ‘warm’ by getting less ‘hot’
Authors: Zehr Jérémy , Chanchaochai Nattanun
Published: December 2019

This paper presents new data on the semantic interaction between gradablepredicates and the Thai particle khuen. When the particle composes with rÓ:n (hot)and nǎ:w (cold), it describes temperature increases and decreases, respectively, inmuch the same way as English get hotter and get colder. However, when it composeswith so-called mid-scale predicates like Pùn (warm), it can describe increases ordecreases, as long as the change is toward temperatures described as Pùn (warm).We first consider two types of analyses where (i) Pùn has an inherent central orien-tation much like English mild or (ii) khuen describes changes oriented toward thethreshold of the gradable predicate it combines with. We argue against analyses oftype (i) and (ii) and show that they predict unattested interpretations.We offer a semantic account for khuen in which the particle essentially picks analternative gradable predicate to the one it composes with, and describes changeswhose degree ends up lower than where it started on the alternative predicate’s scale.
Free choice disjunction as a rational speech act
Authors: Champollion Lucas , Alsop Anna , Grosu Ioana
Published: December 2019

The so-called free choice inference (from You may take an apple or a pear to You may take an apple) is mysterious because it does not follow from ordinary modal logic. We show that this inference arises in the Rational Speech Act framework (Frank & Goodman 2012). Our basic idea is inspired by exhaustification-based models of free choice (Fox 2007) and by game-theoretic accounts based on iterated best response (Franke 2011). We assume that when the speaker utters You may take an apple or a pear, the hearer reasons about why the speaker did not choose alternative utterances such as You may take an apple. A crucial ingredient in our explanation is the idea of semantic uncertainty (Bergen, Levy & Goodman 2016). Specifically, we assume that the speaker is uncertain whether or not the hearer will interpret You may take an apple as forbidding them from taking a pear. This uncertainty can be thought of as resulting from Fox’s (2007) optional covert exhaustification. Uttering the disjunction is a way for the speaker to prevent the hearer from concluding that any fruit is forbidden to take. Knowing this, the hearer concludes that they may choose either fruit.
Modification of DPs by epistemic adverbs
Authors: Cleo Condoravdi , Dalrymple Mary , Haug Dag , Przepiórkowski Adam
Published: December 2019

We examine two phenomena which, with the exception of Bogal-Allbritten & Weir (2017), have not been systematically studied together but are clearly related: (a) epistemic adverbs in ad-nominal positions modifying a DP outside of coordination and (b) epistemic adverbs modifying a DP within a coordination of DPs (Collins conjunction). Ad-nominal adverbs outside of coordinate structures have been claimed to have a strong reading giving rise to an existential entailment ("John visited maybe England" entails that John visited some place, and that place might have been England) while in Collins conjunctions, a weak reading with no existential implication has been claimed to be available ("John and perhaps Mary went to the store" means that either John went to the store, or John and Mary went to the store). We provide corpus data which show that weak and strong readings are available both inside and outside coordination, and we provide a unified analysis of both phenomena based in event semantics which allows modal adverbs to have sub-sentential scope and still target expressions of propositional type. Our analysis relies on the flexible approach to semantic composition afforded by glue semantics (Dalrymple 1999; Gotham 2018), where a functor can ‘ignore’ unsaturated positions in its arguments.
Negative concord as a marker of empty discourse referents
Authors: Kuhn Jeremy David
Published: December 2019

Negative concord items are restricted to a narrow set of negative environments: roughly, those that are anti-additive or anti-veridical. These environments share the property that they prevent discourse referents from being introduced.Here, I propose that this is the explanatory property of NC items. NC items are indefinites that flag the fact (in their lexical semantics) that they will fail to introduce a discourse referent. After spelling this out using dynamic semantics, I show that it has number of advantages: (i) It correctly predicts that NC items must appear under a local anti-veridical operator. (ii) If the presupposition that the DR set is empty is made at-issue, we predict negative uses of NC items: exactly what's attested in fragment answers and non-strict concord languages. (iii) It perfectly unites negative concord with recent analyses of other concord phenomena.
THE LAYERS OF CORDOBA: AN ANALYTICAL HISTORICAL STUDY FOR THE EFFECT OF RELIGION CONFLICT ON ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN FEATURES
Authors: Murad Mahmoud , Batirbaygil Mehmet , Pilehavrian Nuran
Published: December 2019

This paper discusses Cordoba as one of the most iconic cities in human history and particularly in Europe.
As part of the Andalusia region in southern Spain, Cordoba was the center of many conflicts that helped in shaping the European architecture
and the urban fabric. Under the Umayyad rule, Cordoba was the largest and arguably most beautiful city in the World. However, the passage of
time has not been very kind to it. Unfortunately, it has suffered from severely diminished of its historical and strategic value.
This paper analysed Cordoba’s history through different ages. Then, we focused on the peak of the city when it was under the Islamic rule
when it became the center for culture and arts. At the end, we analysed how the city has faced a drastic architectural transformation that
was carried out by the Spanish when they took control of the city during the Spanish Reconquista. We found how different cultures and religions
throughout history have affected the architectural layers of Cordoba. These layers have exposed either demolish, overlap or dominate of one layer
over another layer. Finally, we realized that this conflict created present Cordoba; the strong cultural, economic, touristic center in Southern Spain.
Investigations on lightweight concrete prepared by combinations of rubber particles and expanded glass aggregate
Authors: Adhikary Suman Kumar , Rudžionis Žymantas
Published: December 2019

Lightweight concrete is a very useful building material used in the construction sector for providing better
insulation and lower energy consumption. Properties of lightweight aggregate, water-cement ratio, and other additives
strongly affect the concrete strength, thermal properties, and workability. This paper investigates the behavior of lightweight
concrete using rubber particles as fine aggregate, replaced by the expanded glass lightweight aggregate in the
concrete mixture. In the concrete mixture expanded glass aggregate is replaced by rubber particles by 5%, 10%, 20%,
30%, 40%, and 50% by mass. Concrete workability, density, compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption
tests were examined. Workability and density were increasing by increasing rubber particles replacement percentages
in the concrete mixture. On the other hand, compressive strength and flexural strength were decreasing by higher percentages
of rubber particles replacement. Strength properties of rubberized concrete can be balanced by the proper
utilization of binding materials in the concrete. Rubberized concrete can be used in the construction sector efficiently as
partial replacement of lightweight aggregate in the concrete mixture.
Non-linear ultrasonic defectoscopy of concrete structures for nuclear industry
Authors: Koťátková Jaroslava , Patera Jan , Hlaváč Zbyněk
Published: December 2019

Concrete structures exposed to neutron radiation may exhibit cracking and deterioration, therefore it is needed to
find appropriate non-destructive testing methods for assessing their structural integrity. Non-linear wave modulation spectroscopy (NWMS) was developed for non-destructive detection of cracks inside concrete. The goal of this paper is to compare the
results of conventional non-destructive and destructive testing methods to the proposed non-linear NWMS method applied to
ordinary concrete samples. The concrete damage by neutron radiation was simulated by thermal loading of the samples. Ultrasonic impulse method, resonance method, non-linear wave modulation method, compressive strength and flexural strength
testing methods were applied.
Chemical and physical investigations of historic mortars in St. John’s Church (Cesis, Latvia)
Authors: Kirilovica Inta , Karpe Margarita
Published: December 2019

This paper deals with the stone material investigation of St. John’s Church, located in Cesis, the city in central
region of Latvia. Following aspects were considered – chemical, physical and granulometrical characterization of
historic mortars, as well as the level of soluble salts in the masonry. The chemical and physical properties of the historical
mortars were characterized by visual observation, granulometric analysis, classical wet chemical analysis, XRD, SEM
and hydro tests. The results showed that the historic mortars are based on two types of weakly hydraulic lime – calcitic
and dolomitic – with brick dust additive. The main crystallized salt in the object was KNO3. The aim of the investigation
was to provide compatibility of restoration materials and sustainability of the ancient building.
Buckling of nanobeams and nanorods with cracks
Authors: Arif Hina , Lellep Jaan
Published: December 2019

Buckling of nanobeams and nanorods is treated with the help of the nonlocal theory of elasticity. The nanobeams under consideration have piecewise constant dimensions of cross sections and are weakened with cracks or cracklike defects emanating at the re-entrant corners of steps. A general method for determination of critical buckling loads
of stepped nanobeams with cracks is developed. The influence of defects on the critical buckling load is evaluated
numerically and compared with similar results of other researchers.
Structure formation of construction materials modified with natural and man-made nanoadditives
Authors: Polyanskikh Irina , Yakovlev Grigorij , Pervushin Grigorij , Gumeniuk Alexandr , Gordina Anastasija , Ignateva Anastasija
Published: December 2019

The article focuses on the study of influence of natural and man-made nanoformations (chrysotile fibers,
carbon black, and graphite) on the formation of the structure of the material based on a hydraulic binder. The data on
the positive effect of the optimal amount of modifying dispersions on the physical and technical properties of the
samples were obtained. On average, the increase in compressive and bending strength, when using the considered
additives, is from 10 to 40%. The results of the study of the microstructure and IR spectra of the check and modified
compositions show that adding natural and man-made nanosystems provides optimal conditions for the formation of
strong, dense new formations in the cement matrix. In general, the data obtained prove the effectiveness of their use in
comparison with synthesized carbon nanosystems.
Initial data preparation for 3D modelling of heritage building
Authors: Pavlovskis Miroslavas , Migilinskas Darius , Kutut Vladislavas , Antucheviciene Jurgita
Published: December 2019

Latterly problems of restoration of historic buildings have become especially important. Historical buildings require special attention while preserving their cultural and artistic values, so the three-dimensional digital model of the building can be used preparing their operational or renewal plans. The aim of the presented research is to analyze strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of preparation the initial data, heritage building 3D model development and parametric object databases creation. The object of the research is the Sapieha Palace built in Baroque style in 1689–1691 in the capital city of Lithuania. Applied research methods and tools – initial data collection by historical drawing analysis, manual measurement, photogrammetry methods, and “As-Built” 3D model creation. The results of the presented case study were analyzed by applying SWOT methodology as well as compared with the similar studies in the scientific literature. The research provides the basis for further construction heritage studies and analysis of possible object conversion issues.