bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
programa MED-ApS Sensibilizador y su efecto sobre las actitudes hacia la discapacidad y su efecto sobre las actitudes hacia la discapacidad
Authors: Abellán Jorge , Segovia Yessica
Published: October 2022

Este trabajo examina el efecto de un programa sensibilizador en las actitudes hacia la discapacidad de los participantes. Se diseñó un estudio pre-experimental de medidas repetidas en el que participaron 180 estudiantes, unos de quinto curso de Educación Primaria (n=100) como receptores del servicio, y otros de tercer curso de Educación Secundaria (n=80) como emisores del servicio. Se diseñaron dos redes deportivas formadas cada una de ellas por dos grupos de Educación Primaria y dos grupos de Educación Secundaria en las que participaron en un programa que combinó el Aprendizaje-Servicio y el modelo de Educación Deportiva. Como contenido de enseñanza se utilizó un deporte adaptado: el voleibol sentado. Se evaluaron las actitudes hacia la discapacidad mediante un cuestionario. Los resultados muestran efectos moderados de mejora de las actitudes hacia la discapacidad, que se hacen evidentes cuando se evalúa a aquel alumnado que había tenido contacto previo junto a personas con discapacidad y cuando se tiene en cuenta el ítem relacionado con la valoración de que un estudiante con discapacidad sea el capitán del equipo. A continuación, se discuten las implicaciones didácticas que estos resultados puedan tener en futuros diseños de programas de sensibilización hacia la discapacidad en Educación Física.
(Re) construction of historical memory: identity and urban re-valuation of the first Diagonal in Chile
Authors: Fernández-Covarrubias Andrea , Reyes-Schade Emilio , Padilla-Llano Samuel E. , Imam Ayman
Published: October 2022

In the process of urban regeneration, the re-valuation of public space and the elements that configure it assume the potential in the regeneration process, integrating elements as the basis components in the consolidation of urban dynamics. Also, the contained memory of the city, understood as public inheritance, is a continuous and participatory process in which we construct the sense of belonging and place. The (re) construction of historical memory of the Avenue Diagonal Pedro Aguirre Cerda, the first diagonal axis of Chile, has partly defined the structure of the landscape of the city of Concepcion, being a container of social, historical, and natural processes that accidentally occurred. Unfortunate but ideal scenarios have been the successive earthquakes that have made our country a fertile ground for rethinking and materializing ideas. It is, in the post-1939 earthquake, when the reconstruction permitted revolutionary thoughts coming from modern Europe and that were materialized, with a privileged location in both the historical space and in the physical city.The appearance of this axis, in the apposition of the foundational Damero’s plane, is an innovative project that breaks this historic urban trend, taking into Chile, and more specifically into Concepción, a chance to expound innovative ideas, aimed to change the urban landscape prevailing at that time.In terms of spatial configuration, this diagonal axis is a superposition of historical layers in their development and materialization that has become a mass of history and that is still in development. In other words, it is dynamic and open, consolidating it periodically as an identity space city landscape, harmoniously uniting both the civic world represented by the square courts with the academics symbolized in the University of Concepción.It is proposed to unravel and rescue the historical context that adds a value in the configuration and coordination of the various parties in relation to the on-going transformation and constitution of this urban piece and its constant identity re-evaluation in favor of the regeneration processes.
Analysis of accuracy and ambiguities in spatial measurements of birefringence in uniaxial anisotropic media: publisher’s note
Authors: Bouhy Julie , Dekoninck Augustin , Voue Michel , Deparis Olivier
Published: October 2022

This publisher’s note corrects an error in Appl. Opt. 61, 8081 (2022)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.463657.
Three-dimensional optical coherence digital-null deformography of multi-refractive-surface optics with nanometer sensitivity
Authors: Gong Zhaoyu , Yu Chenyang , Guo Dayou , Ding Zhihua , Li Peng
Published: October 2022

Knowledge of the lens deformation during the reliability test is critical for lens design and fabrication. Refractive surface distorts the optical path of probing light, and poses a great challenge to measuring the test-induced nanoscale changes of all refractive lens surfaces simultaneously. In this work, we present an optical coherence digital-null deformography (ODD). A digital null, i.e., the interference signals (including intensity and phase) of the backscattered probing light from each lens surface, was recorded prior to the test with a phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT). Then the post-test lens was physically aligned to the digital null by actuating a hexapod iteratively with a digital null alignment (DNA) method, so that the refractive distortion was matched. Finally, the changes between the aligned lens and its digital null were measured with an intensity centroid shift (ICS) at micron scale and a joint wavenumber (k)-depth (z) domain phase shift (kz-PhS) at nanoscale. We demonstrate that the proposed kz-PhS has a sensitivity of 4.15 nm and a range of 5 µm without phase wrapping; and the sensitivities of DNA are z translation 0.04 µm, x/y translation 0.24 µm, tilt 0.0003°, and rotation 0.03°. A lens drop test was performed with ODD. Circumventing refractive distortion by the null measurement, ODD can visualize the test-induced changes of all refractive surfaces non-destructively and simultaneously, and it will greatly facilitate lens design and fabrication.
Threshold performance of pulse-operating quantum-cascade vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers
Authors: Janczak Mikołaj , Sarzała Robert P. , Dems Maciej , Kolek Andrzej , Bugajski Maciej , Nakwaski Włodzimierz , Czyszanowski Tomasz
Published: October 2022

Quantum-cascade (QC) vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) could combine the single longitudinal mode operation, low threshold currents, circular output beam, and on-wafer testing associated with VCSEL configuration and the unprecedented flexibility of QCs in terms of wavelength emission tuning in the infrared spectral range. The key component of QC VCSEL is the monolithic high-contrast grating (MHCG) inducing light polarization, which is required for stimulated emission in unipolar quantum wells. In this paper, we demonstrate a numerical model of the threshold operation of a QC VCSEL under the pulse regime. We discuss the physical phenomena that determine the architecture of QC VCSELs. We also explore mechanisms that influence QC VCSEL operation, with particular emphasis on voltage-driven gain cumulation as the primary mechanism limiting QC VCSEL efficiency. By numerical simulations, we perform a thorough analysis of the threshold operation of QC VCSELs. We consider the influence of optical and electrical aperture dimensions and reveal the range of aperture values that enable single transversal mode operation as well as low threshold currents.
Hybrid integrated mode-locked laser using a GaAs-based 1064 nm gain chip and a SiN external cavity
Authors: Vissers Ewoud , Poelman Stijn , Wenzel Hans , Christopher Heike , Van Gasse Kasper , Knigge Andrea , Kuyken Bart
Published: October 2022

External cavity mode-locked lasers could be used as comb sources for high volume application such as LIDAR and dual comb spectroscopy. Currently demonstrated chip scale integrated mode-locked lasers all operate in the C-band. In this paper, a hybrid-integrated external cavity mode-locked laser working at 1064 nm is demonstrated, a wavelength beneficial for optical coherence tomography or Raman spectroscopy applications. Additionally, optical injection locking is demonstrated, showing an improvement in the optical linewidth, and an increased stability of the comb spectrum.
Asymmetric comb waveguide for strong interactions between atoms and light
Authors: Fayard N. , Bouscal A. , Berroir J. , Urvoy A. , Ray T. , Mahapatra S. , Kemiche M. , Levenson J. A. , Greffet J.-J. , Bencheikh K. , Laurat J. , Sauvan C.
Published: October 2022

Coupling quantum emitters and nanostructures, in particular cold atoms and optical waveguides, has recently raised a large interest due to unprecedented possibilities of engineering light-matter interactions. In this work, we propose a new type of periodic dielectric waveguide that provides strong interactions between atoms and guided photons with an unusual dispersion. We design an asymmetric comb waveguide that supports a slow mode with a quartic (instead of quadratic) dispersion and an electric field that extends far into the air cladding for an optimal interaction with atoms. We compute the optical trapping potential formed with two guided modes at frequencies detuned from the atomic transition. We show that cold Rubidium atoms can be trapped as close as 100 nm from the structure in a 1.3-mK-deep potential well. For atoms trapped at this position, the emission into guided photons is largely favored, with a beta factor as high as 0.88 and a radiative decay rate into the slow mode 10 times larger than the free-space decay rate. These figures of merit are obtained at a moderately low group velocity of c/50.
Dual-band tunable and strong circular dichroism in a metal-graphene hybrid zigzag metasurface
Authors: Cui Ying , Jiang Yongyuan
Published: October 2022

Most active chiral metasurfaces operate in a single band and have an unidirectionally tunable circular dichroism (CD). Here, we propose a zigzag metasurface composed of a Z-shaped metallic strip and a L-shaped graphene strip to realize the dual-band tunable and strong CD. Two strong CD values of −0.88 and 0.88 are found at f1 = 0.86 THz and f2 = 1.23 THz, respectively. The strengths and resonant frequencies of these two CD signals can be tuned by varying graphene's Fermi energy (EF). Strikingly, the CD value at 0.86 THz undergoes a continuous adjustment in a large range from 0.79 to −0.88 when EF increases from 0.32 eV to 1.00 eV, implying that the proposed metasurface supports the switching of CD signal between on-, off- and reverse-states. Based on the strong CD signals, the capability of the metasurface as a biosensor to detect Avian Influenza viruses is demonstrated. This work will advance the development of broadband tunable chiral-optical devices.
Enhanced secret-key generation from atmospheric optical channels with the use of random modulation
Authors: Chen Chunyi , Li Qiong
Published: October 2022

Secret-key extraction from atmospheric optical channels can generate common keys used by two communicating parties to encrypt their transmitted confidential information. The correlation time of turbulence-induced optical fluctuations imposes a restriction on the number of extracted uncorrelated key bits per second. To break this restriction, we propose a novel randomness sharing scheme between two communicating parties using an atmospheric optical channel equipped with random modulation and develop mathematical models for the common randomness source created by such a randomness-sharing scheme. Our randomness-sharing scheme provides the legitimate parties with the ability to decrease the temporal autocorrelation of the said common randomness source, which is called controllable common randomness source with memory (CCRSM), thereby enabling an enhanced secret-key extraction that can break the aforementioned restriction. Both the autocorrelation of the legitimate parties’ observations of the CCRSM and the cross-correlation of the two legitimate parties’ observations of the CCRSM are formulated and examined theoretically. It is found that the performing random modulation can decorrelate consecutive observations of the CCRSM obtained by the legitimate parties using a sampling interval smaller than the correlation time of turbulence-induced optical fluctuations. The cross-correlation coefficient of the eavesdropper’s and legitimate parties’ observations of the CCRSM is dealt with theoretically and the eavesdropping risk in the CCRSM-based key extraction is inspected for the fully-disclosed-single-modulation worst eavesdropping (FDSM-WE) scenario, partially-disclosed-single-modulation worst eavesdropping (PDSM-WE) scenario and double-modulation worst eavesdropping (DM-WE) scenario. It is shown that the FDSM-WE scenario has the highest degree of eavesdropping risk. Finally, the lowest limit of the secret-key capacity in consideration of using the CCRSM is theoretically formulated. The effects of random modulation on such the lowest limit are quantitatively analyzed from an information-theoretic perspective. It is manifested that random modulation does not harm the potential of extracting secret keys from the CCRSM’s randomness component stemming from turbulence-induced optical fluctuations.
cNap1 bridges centriole contact sites to maintain centrosome cohesion
Authors: Mahen Robert
Published: October 2022

Centrioles are non-membrane-bound organelles that participate in fundamental cellular processes through their ability to form physical contacts with other structures. During interphase, two mature centrioles can associate to form a single centrosome—a phenomenon known as centrosome cohesion. Centrosome cohesion is important for processes such as cell migration, and yet how it is maintained is unclear. Current models indicate that pericentriolar fibres termed rootlets, also known as the centrosome linker, entangle to maintain centriole proximity. Here, I uncover a centriole–centriole contact site and mechanism of centrosome cohesion based on coalescence of the proximal centriole component cNap1. Using live-cell imaging of endogenously tagged cNap1, I show that proximal centrioles form dynamic contacts in response to physical force from the cytoskeleton. Expansion microscopy reveals that cNap1 bridges between these contact sites, physically linking proximal centrioles on the nanoscale. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS)-calibrated imaging shows that cNap1 accumulates at nearly micromolar concentrations on proximal centrioles, corresponding to a few hundred protein copy numbers. When ectopically tethered to organelles such as lysosomes, cNap1 forms viscous and cohesive assemblies that promote organelle spatial proximity. These results suggest a mechanism of centrosome cohesion by cNap1 at the proximal centriole and illustrate how a non-membrane-bound organelle forms organelle contact sites.
“The times they are a-changin’”: A longitudinal, mixed methods case study of a hospital transformation
Authors: Pomare Chiara , Gardiner Brett , Ellis Louise A. , Long Janet C. , Churruca Kate , Braithwaite Jeffrey
Published: October 2022

Background

Changes to hospital infrastructure are inevitable in ever-evolving healthcare systems. The redevelopment of hospitals and opening of new buildings can be a complex and challenging time for staff as they must find ways to deliver safe and high-quality care while navigating the complexities and uncertainties of change. This study explores the perspectives and experiences of staff and patients before and after the opening of a new hospital building as part of a large public hospital redevelopment in Sydney, Australia.

Methods

The study comprised a longitudinal mixed methods case study design. Methods included two rounds of staff surveys (n = 292 participants), two rounds of staff interviews (n = 66), six rounds of patient surveys (n = 255), and analysis of hospital data at tri-monthly intervals over two years. Data were compared before (2019) and after (2020) a new hospital building opened at a publicly funded hospital in Sydney, Australia.

Results

Four key themes and perspectives emerged from the interviews including change uncertainty, communication effectiveness, staffing adequacy and staff resilience. Significant differences in staff perceptions of change readiness over time was identified. Specifically, perceptions that the organisational change was appropriate significantly decreased (2019: 15.93 ± 3.86; 2020: 14.13 ± 3.62; p < .001) and perceptions that staff could deal with the change significantly increased (2019: 17.30 ± 4.77; 2020: 19.16 ± 4.36; p = .001) after the building opened compared to before. Global satisfaction scores from patient survey data showed that patient experience significantly declined after the building opened compared to before (2020: 81.70 ± 21.52; 2019: 84.43 ± 18.46)), t(254) = -64.55, p < 0.05, and improved a few months after opening of the new facilities. This coincided with the improvement in staff perceptions in dealing with the change.

Conclusions

Moving into a new hospital building can be a challenging time for staff and patients. Staff experienced uncertainty and stress, and displayed practices of resilience to deliver patient care during a difficult period of change. Policy makers, hospital managers, staff and patients must work together to minimise disruption to patient care and experience. Key recommendations for future hospital redevelopment projects outline the importance of supporting and informing staff and patients during the opening of a new hospital building.
Data-driven approach for the delineation of the irritative zone in epilepsy in MEG
Authors: Chirkov Valerii , Kryuchkova Anna , Koptelova Alexandra , Stroganova Tatiana , Kuznetsova Alexandra , Kleeva Daria , Ossadtchi Alexei , Fedele Tommaso
Published: October 2022

The reliable identification of the irritative zone (IZ) is a prerequisite for the correct clinical evaluation of medically refractory patients affected by epilepsy. Given the complexity of MEG data, visual analysis of epileptiform neurophysiological activity is highly time consuming and might leave clinically relevant information undetected. We recorded and analyzed the interictal activity from seven patients affected by epilepsy (Vectorview Neuromag), who successfully underwent epilepsy surgery (Engel > = II). We visually marked and localized characteristic epileptiform activity (VIS). We implemented a two-stage pipeline for the detection of interictal spikes and the delineation of the IZ. First, we detected candidate events from peaky ICA components, and then clustered events around spatio-temporal patterns identified by convolutional sparse coding. We used the average of clustered events to create IZ maps computed at the amplitude peak (PEAK), and at the 50% of the peak ascending slope (SLOPE). We validated our approach by computing the distance of the estimated IZ (VIS, SLOPE and PEAK) from the border of the surgically resected area (RA). We identified 25 spatiotemporal patterns mimicking the underlying interictal activity (3.6 clusters/patient). Each cluster was populated on average by 22.1 [15.0–31.0] spikes. The predicted IZ maps had an average distance from the resection margin of 8.4 ± 9.3 mm for visual analysis, 12.0 ± 16.5 mm for SLOPE and 22.7 ±. 16.4 mm for PEAK. The consideration of the source spread at the ascending slope provided an IZ closer to RA and resembled the analysis of an expert observer. We validated here the performance of a data-driven approach for the automated detection of interictal spikes and delineation of the IZ. This computational framework provides the basis for reproducible and bias-free analysis of MEG recordings in epilepsy.
Strengthening patients’ triage in community pharmacies: A cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the clinical impact of a minor ailment service
Authors: Amador-Fernández Noelia , Benrimoj Shalom I. , Olry de Labry Lima Antonio , García-Cárdenas Victoria , Gastelurrutia Miguel Ángel , Berger Jérôme , Baixauli-Fernández Vicente J. , Climent-Catalá María Teresa , Colomer-Molina Vicente , Martínez-Martínez Fernando
Published: October 2022

Background

Self-perceived minor ailments might conceal other health conditions if patients are not appropriately assisted by health care professionals. The aim of the study was to evaluate the patient-related outcomes of a community pharmacy Minor Ailment Service (MAS) compared to usual pharmacist care (UC).

Methods

A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted over six months in community pharmacy in the province of Valencia (Spain). Patients seeking care or requesting a product for a minor ailments considered in the study (dermatological problems, gastrointestinal disturbance, pain and upper respiratory tract related symptoms) were included. The intervention consisted of a standardised pharmacist-patient consultation guided by a web-based program using co-developed management protocols and patients’ educational material. Patients were followed up by phone ten days later. Primary clinical outcomes were appropriate medical referral and modification of direct product request. Secondary outcomes were symptom resolution and reconsultation rates.

Results

A total of 808 patients (323 MAS and 485 UC) were recruited in 27 pharmacies of 21 municipalities. Patients visiting MAS pharmacies had higher odds for being referred to a physician (OR = 2.343, CI95% = [1.146–4.792]) and higher reconsultation rates (OR = 1.833, CI95% = [1.151–2.919]) compared to UC. No significant differences between groups were observed for modification of direct product request and symptom resolution.

Conclusions

The use of management protocols through the MAS strengthened the identification of referral criteria such as red flags in patients suffering minor ailments. These patients with symptoms of minor ailments possibly due to more severe illness were to be referred and evaluated by physicians. Results reinforce that MAS increases safety for those patients consulting in community pharmacy for minor ailments.

Trial registration

Trial registration number: ISRCTN17235323. Retrospectively registered 07/05/2021, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN17235323.
Landscape of alterations in the checkpoint system in myelodysplastic syndrome and implications for prognosis
Authors: Moiseev Ivan , Tcvetkov Nikolai , Epifanovskaya Olga , Babenko Elena , Parfenenkova Anna , Bakin Evgenii , Yurovskaya Ksenia , Morozova Elena
Published: October 2022

The emergence of novel immunotherapies for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) calls for a profound characterization of the "immunome" in the bone marrow (BM) and evaluation of prognostic impact of immunological changes. We performed a prospective study of 87 MDS patients who were referred to a tertiary hematological center and of 11 bone marrow donors who were not related to the study cohort. A flow cytometry panel with 48 markers including checkpoint ligands and receptors was used to study lymphoid and myeloid subpopulations in the bone marrow aspirates. The study found that both the healthy donors and the MDS patients have a high proportion of lymphocytes with PD-1 expression (41±18% and 58±25% respectively) and a high proportion of myeloid cells with PD-1L expression (31±23% and 12±7% respectively), indicating a potential physiological role of checkpoint systems in BM. At the same time, complex alterations including PD-1, CTLA-4, LAG-3 and TIM3 pathways accompanied by an increased level of T-reg and myeloid derived suppressor cell populations were identified in the BM of MDS patients. Cluster analysis showed independent prognostic significance of the checkpoint profile for overall survival (HR 1.90, 95%CI 1.01–3.56, p = 0.0471). TIM3-postive NK and CD8 effector cells along with the blast count were the key subpopulations for prognosis. An elevation of blasts in the bone marrow was associated with simultaneous expression of multiple checkpoints on myeloid cells.
FunHoP analysis reveals upregulation of mitochondrial genes in prostate cancer
Authors: Rise Kjersti , Tessem May-Britt , Drabløs Finn , Rye Morten Beck
Published: October 2022

Mitochondrial activity in cancer cells has been central to cancer research since Otto Warburg first published his thesis on the topic in 1956. Although Warburg proposed that oxidative phosphorylation in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was perturbed in cancer, later research has shown that oxidative phosphorylation is activated in most cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). However, more detailed knowledge on mitochondrial metabolism and metabolic pathways in cancers is still lacking. In this study we expand our previously developed method for analyzing functional homologous proteins (FunHoP), which can provide a more detailed view of metabolic pathways. FunHoP uses results from differential expression analysis of RNA-Seq data to improve pathway analysis. By adding information on subcellular localization based on experimental data and computational predictions we can use FunHoP to differentiate between mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial processes in cancerous and normal prostate cell lines. Our results show that mitochondrial pathways are upregulated in PCa and that splitting metabolic pathways into mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial counterparts using FunHoP adds to the interpretation of the metabolic properties of PCa cells.
Personal continuity of GP care and outpatient specialist visits in people with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Hansen Anne Helen , Johansen May-Lill
Published: October 2022

Background

Continuity of care is particularly important for patients with chronic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Continuity is shown to reduce overall health service utilization among people with diabetes, however, evidence about how it relates to the utilization of outpatient specialist services in Norway is lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate continuity of GP care for people with T2D, and its association with the use of outpatient specialist health care services.

Methods

We used e-mail questionnaire data obtained from members of The Norwegian Diabetes Association in 2018. Eligible for analyses were 494 respondents with T2D and at least one GP visit during the previous year. By descriptive statistics and logistic regressions, we studied usual provider continuity (UPC) and duration of the patient-GP relationship and associations of these measures with somatic outpatient specialist visits. Analyses were adjusted for gender, age, education, self-rated health, and diabetes duration.

Results

Mean age was 62.6 years and mean UPC was 0.85 (CI 0.83–0.87). Two thirds of the sample (66.0%) had made all visits to the regular GP during the previous year (full continuity). Among these, 48.1% had made one or more specialist visits during the previous year, compared to 65.2% among those without full continuity. The probability of outpatient specialist visits was significantly lower among participants with full continuity, compared to those without full continuity (Odds Ratio 0.53, Confidence Interval 0.35–0.80). The probability of visiting outpatient specialist services was not associated with duration of the patient-GP relationship.

Conclusions

We conclude that continuity of care, as measured by Usual Provider Continuity, is high and associated with reduced use of somatic outpatient specialist services in people with T2D in Norway. Continuity and its benefits will become increasingly important as the number of older people with diabetes and other chronic diseases increases.
A pairwise randomised controlled trial of a peer-mediated play-based intervention to improve the social play skills of children with ADHD: Outcomes of the typically-developing playmates
Authors: Wilkes-Gillan Sarah , Cordier Reinie , Bundy Anita , Lincoln Michelle , Chen Yu-Wei , Parsons Lauren , Cantrill Alycia
Published: October 2022

To examine the effectiveness of a play-based intervention for improving social play skills of typically-developing playmates of children with ADHD. Children (5–11 years) were randomised to an intervention (n = 15) or waitlisted control group (n = 14). The Test of Playfulness was scored by a blinded rater. Between-group statistics compared the change of the intervention (10-week intervention) and waitlisted control (10-week wait) groups. Change in the intervention group following intervention was significantly greater than the change in the waitlisted control group. When combining data from the groups, playmates’ (n = 29) mean ToP scores improved significantly following intervention, with a large effect pre- to post-intervention and pre-intervention to follow-up. Typically-developing playmates of children with ADHD benefited from participation in a peer-mediated intervention.
Rapid detection of hepatitis C virus using recombinase polymerase amplification
Authors: Chia Catherine T. , Bender Andrew T. , Lillis Lorraine , Sullivan Benjamin P. , Martin Coleman D. , Burke Wynn , Landis Charles , Boyle David S. , Posner Jonathan D.
Published: October 2022

Over 71 million people are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide, and approximately 400,000 global deaths result from complications of untreated chronic HCV. Pan-genomic direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have recently become widely available and feature high cure rates in less than 12 weeks of treatment. The rollout of DAAs is reliant on diagnostic tests for HCV RNA to identify eligible patients with viremic HCV infections. Current PCR-based HCV RNA assays are restricted to well-resourced central laboratories, and there remains a prevailing clinical need for expanded access to decentralized HCV RNA testing to provide rapid chronic HCV diagnosis and linkage to DAAs in outpatient clinics. This paper reports a rapid, highly accurate, and minimally instrumented assay for HCV RNA detection using reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA). The assay detects all HCV genotypes with a limit of detection of 25 copies per reaction for genotype 1, the most prevalent in the United States and worldwide. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of the RT-RPA assay were both 100% when evaluated using 78 diverse clinical serum specimens. The accuracy, short runtime, and low heating demands of RT-RPA may enable implementation in a point-of-care HCV test to expand global access to effective treatment via rapid chronic HCV diagnosis.
Risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with alcohol use disorder: A population-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sung Chieh , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Lin Fu-Huang , Chien Wu-Chien , Sun Chien-An , Tsao Chang-Huei , Weng Chih-Erh
Published: October 2022

The complex effects of alcohol consumption on the cardiovascular system vary with mean daily consumption and duration of intake. This population-based retrospective cohort study aimed to explore the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Data was collected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2000 to 2013. A total of 7,420 patients with AUD were included in our study group, and 29,680 age- and sex-matched controls without AUD in the control group. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to investigate the effects of AUD on the risk of CVD. Most patients were men aged 25–44 years. At the end of the follow-up period, the AUD group had a significantly higher incidence of CVD (27.39% vs. 19.97%, P<0.001) and more comorbidities than the control group. The AUD group also exhibited a significantly higher incidence of CVD than the control group based on the Cox regression analysis and Fine and Gray’s competing risk model (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 1.447, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.372–1.52 5, P<0.001). Furthermore, male sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anxiety, depression, and a high Charlson Comorbidity Index were also associated with an increased risk of CVD. Patients with AUD in different CVD subgroups, such as those with CVD, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and stroke, were at a significantly higher risk of disease than those without AUD; CVD (AHR = 1.447, 95% CI = 1.372–1.525, P<0.001), IHD (AHR = 1.304, 95% CI = 1.214–1.401, P<0.001), and stroke (AHR = 1.640, 95% CI = 1.519–1.770, P<0.001). The risk also significantly differed among patients in the different CVD subgroups. We observed an association between AUD and development of CVD even after adjusting for several comorbidities and medications in our nationwide population cohort.
Rapid visual Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus detection (citrus greening disease) using simple alkaline heat DNA lysis followed by loop-mediated isothermal amplification coupled hydroxynaphthol blue (AL-LAMP-HNB) for potential local use
Authors: Thoraneenitiyan Natkamol , Choopara Ilada , Nuanualsuwan Suphachai , Kokpol Sirirat , Somboonna Naraporn
Published: October 2022

An outbreak of citrus greening or Huanglongbing disease bacteria occurs in many areas. We sampled and identified an ongoing ~year 2020 orange tree endemic in northern Thailand as Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. We thereby developed a plant greening disease (C. Liberibacter asiaticus) detection assay using simple alkaline heat DNA lysis and loop-mediated isothermal amplification coupled hydroxynaphthol blue (AL-LAMP-HNB), and evaluated the developed assay for its feasibility as point-of-care detection on 65 plant leaf samples with 100–1×104 copies of C. Liberibacter asiaticus or mocked injection compared with commercial DNA lysis kit and PCR-GE. Our assay is sensitive to 5–8.9 copies of omp (equaling 0.0056–0.01 fg) compatible with PCR-GE limit of detection. This ultra sensitive limit of detection could allow the disease detection before clinical apparent state of disease when C. Liberibacter asiaticus infection number is few, i.e. fewer than 100 copies of C. Liberibacter asiaticus. The assay is also specific with 6 degenerate primers targeting every strain of C. Liberibacter asiaticus omp from GenBank database, rapid (40 min total assay time), inexpensive (~2–3 USD/reaction), does not require sophisticated instrumentation, and has comparable assay accuracy (93.85–100% accuracy, 100% specificity, and 89.74–100% sensitivity) to bacterial DNA extraction by a commercial kit followed by PCR and gel electrophoresis (92.31% accuracy, 100% specificity, and 87.18% sensitivity) based on the real sample tests. Hence, the technique could be used in local or laboratory resource-restricted settings. The test result could be read by naked eyes through the color change from violet (negative) to sky blue (positive) for a C. Liberibacter asiaticus-infected specimen. Furthermore, this assay uses safe chemical reagents and, thus, is safe for the users.
Adherence of those at low risk of disease to public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Postill Gemma , Adams Cindy L. , Zanin Claire , Halpin Michael , Ritter Caroline
Published: October 2022

Public health measures (PHMs) proactively and reactively reduce the spread of disease. While these measures target individual behaviour, they require broad adherence to be effective. Consequently, the World Health Organization issued a special appeal to young adults, a known non-adherent population, for increased adherence with COVID-19 guidelines. However, little is known about why these low-risk individuals do or do not adhere to PHMs. This study investigates why young adults in a low-risk setting adhered to PHMs implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative research approach was chosen to gain an in-depth understanding of participants’ thoughts and experiences related to PHM adherence. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in April-May 2021 with 30 young adults living in Prince Edward Island (PEI), the province with the lowest COVID-19 case rate in Canada at that time. Thematic analysis was used to create a codebook based on the Theoretical Domains Framework, which was then inductively modified. The analysis identified eight themes that explained the adherence of young adults: (1) clear, purpose-driven adherence rationale, (2) developing trust in the local leadership, (3) adapting to novel measures, (4) manageable disruption, (5) adhering to reduce anxiety, (6) collective duty towards one’s community, (7) moral culpability and (8) using caution rather than compliance. Together, these themes demonstrate that young adults adhered to PHMs because of their sense of connection to their community, public health leadership, and concerns over stigma. We further argue that clear guidelines and communication from public health officials during both periods of high and low COVID-19 cases facilitate adherence. These findings are important for mitigating future public health emergencies as they explain why young adults, an important segment of the population whose adherence is critical to the success of PHMs, follow PHMs. Further, these findings can inform public health officials and other stakeholders aiming to develop successful adherence strategies.
Anatomy in Action
Authors: Tawfik Beshoy , Dancis Sam , Dueñas Angelique
Published: October 2022

Increasing and maintaining student engagement within anatomy education at a pre-collegiate level is a challenge that educators continue to encounter. Finding an appropriate level of difficulty that prepares students for the rigor of undergraduate anatomy education while balancing the need to inspire student interest in STEM-related fields of study can inadvertently discourage students, particularly when content is relayed in a ‘traditional’ lecture-based curriculum.
The University of Colorado’s Pre-Health Scholars Program (CUPS) is an academic enrichment program for high school students from under-represented minority groups who are interested in healthcare and STEM-related professions. To address the challenges in pre-collegiate anatomy education, the CUPS anatomy curriculum has shifted away from instruction that is purely lecture-based, to a project-oriented curriculum utilizing 3D printing. Here, students are encouraged to connect hands-on experiences and collaborate on individualized projects that require mastery of anatomical principles to create. Students are also introduced to anatomic structures in a multi-dimensional fashion that allows them to examine the complimentary relationship between structure and function. This model of curriculum has the potential to improve engagement and create better foundations of anatomical knowledge through thoughtful instructional design.
Storytelling Sejarah Melalui Foto Beranotasi: Koleksi Foto PDIKM Padangpanjang
Authors: Fadli M , Hasfera Dian , Zalmi Fadhila Nurul Husna , Gustia Arifah Yenni
Published: October 2022

Keterbatasan informasi yang tersedia pada koleksi foto di PDIKM Padangpanjang menjadi kendala bagi pengunjung untuk memahami secara sistematis mengenai isi dari photc.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan mengenai kemas ulang informasi foto koleksi di PDIKM Padang Panjang dengan menyusun anotasi informatif pada setiap foto, untuk memudahkan para pengunjung memperoleh informasi terkait dengan sejarah dan kebudayaan Minangkabau. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi. Hasil penelitian menujukkan: (1) storytelling dapat dilakukan untuk menjelaskan foto melalui penyusunan anotasi pada setiap foto, dan menimbulkan minat belajar sejarah; (2) anotasi foto disusun dengan tahapan klasifikasi, storyline, membuat anotasi, dan kemas ulang informasi. Dengan melakukan kemas ulang informasi tersebut memberikan kemudahan kepada pengunjung PDIKM untuk memperoleh informasi yang kompregensif, sehingga sejarah dapat dipelajari secara menarik dengan metode storytelling foto beranotasi.
Reading La Barka within the Perspective of Feminist Stylistics
Authors: Candria Mytha
Published: October 2022

This article presents a feminist stylistic analysis of religion in Nh. Dini’s novel La Barka. Proposed by Sara Mills in 1995, feminist stylistics aims to uncover gender bias in both written and spoken (literary) texts; feminist stylistics differs from other stylistic analyses in that it studies the context of text production and the context of text reception so as to reveal hidden sexist ideologies. (Literary) text production includes seven (7) factors, i.e. general language/ discourse constraints, textual antecedents, literary conventions, current literary trends, affiliations, publishing practices and sociohistorical factors. (Literary) text reception covers five (5) factors, which are intended audience, actual audience, implied reader, sociohistorical factors, and actual reader/s. Feminist stylistic reading of La Barka suggests that stereotypes of good women, as were prescribed by Indonesian New Order ideology and patriarchal Javanese traditions, do exist in the novel. Yet, there are also stereotypes of a good man; gentle, honest, assertive, independent, persistent, and tough are characters of good men, husbands, and fathers. Dini, however, does not just echo commonly accepted prescriptions of good women and men. She questions patriarchy, and religion is one social structure that she questions. Religion is sexist in that it does not properly educate women; it educates women in those skills necessary for housekeeping only. Also, religion does not accommodate women’s voices and needs, for all religious leaders are men, who are unwilling to seriously address women’s needs. Then Dini questions the hypocritical and uncritical attitudes of many religious believers; they observe religious rituals willingly and regularly but do not actualize the values in life.
Kajian Budaya: Kebijakan Bahasa di Tengah Pandemi Covid19
Authors: Alfarisy Fitri
Published: October 2022

Utamakan Bahasa Indonesia, Kuasai Bahasa Asing, Lestarikan Bahasa Daerah merupakan amanat dari UU No.24/2009 yang mengindikasikan bahwa sebagai bangsa Indonesia kita dianjurkan untuk menggunakan bahasa persatuan di ruang publik maupun komunikasi. Di sisi lain pandemi virus korona atau Covid19 telah membawa banyak dampak pada kehidupan berbangsa termasuk bahasa. Virus yang berasal dari negara asing dan menjangkiti hampir seluruh bagian bumi membawa berbagai istilah asing masuk ke bangsa ini. Pada saat inilah kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia tentang bahasa Indonesia diuji karena pejabat pemerintah seringkali menggunakan istilah asing dalam menjelaskan situasi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif guna menjabarkan kebijakan yang diambil oleh pemerintah dalam rangka menghadapi berbagai istilah asing yang masuk ke Indonesia. Kebijakan yang dilakukan dianalisis apakah sudah diterapkan oleh masyarakat khususnya dalam dunia digital. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pemerintah Indonesia telah mengeluarkan kebijakan berupa 45 (empat puluh lima) padanan kata asing tentang corona serta sudah mensosialisaikan di dunia internet. Padanan kata asing yang diberikan pemerintah ternyata beberapa digunakan dengan baik seperti Kerja Dari Kantor (KDK) dan Kerja Dari Rumah (KDR). Namun selain itu lebih banyak masyarakat yang menggunakan istilah asing seperti corona virus, social distancing, physical distancing, dan new normal. Oleh karena itu perlu peran setiap warga negara, pemerintah dan media di masa pandemi untuk menggunakan bahasa Indonesia dalam rangka menjaga kedaulatan bangsa.
Preservasi, Konservasi dan Restorasi Dokumen di Rekso Pustaka
Authors: Christiani Lydia
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelisik proses preservasi, konservasi dan restorasi koleksi dokumen literer milik Mangkunegaran yang dilakukan oleh Rekso Pustaka. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus.  Pemilihan informan dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Rekso Pustaka sebagai lembaga pengelola dokumen literer yang dibentuk oleh Sri KGPAA Mangkunegara IV pada tahun 1867 memiliki fungsi utama untuk menjaga kelestarian dokumen literer (pustaka) milik Mangkunegaran. Dalam menjalankan fungsi utamanya tersebut, Rekso Pustaka melakukan langkah preservasi dengan memanfaatkan jalur kerjasama, baik pada tataran level nasional maupun internasional. Kerjasama nasional dilakukan dengan menggandeng lembaga pemerintah Republik  Indonesia seperti Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesis (ANRI) dan Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia (Perpusnas RI). Sedangkan pada tataran internasional dilakukan dengan menjalin kerjasama dengan perguruan tinggi seperti Cornell University. Berbagai jalinan kerjasama tersebut membantu upaya Rekso Pustaka dalam melestarikan koleksi dokumen literer milik Mangkunegaran baik dalam konteks pelestarian fisik maupun isi dokumen. Pelestarian fisik dokumen dilakukan dengan menggunakan  cengkeh dan kapur barus untuk menghindari kerusakan fisik dokumen dari serangga dan hewan pengerat serta memanfaatkaan kertas antara, tissue Jepang serta tempat khusus dari Sirio Black yang diperoleh dari Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia (ANRI). Sementara pelesterian isi dokumen dilakukan melalui proses transliterasi sebagai bentuk upaya konservasi serta pembuatan mikrofilm sebagai bentuk upaya restorasi. Proses transliterasi dan pembuatan mikrofilm juga dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan jaringan kerjasama yang dilakukan dengan Perpusnas RI dan Cornell University.
Peningkatan Perekonomian Keluarga Melalui Program Bujaya (Buku Jadi Karya) di Perpustakaan Bukuku Guruku Desa Puro Kecamatan Karangmalang Kabupaten Sragen
Authors: Widyastuti Brhillian , Arfa Mecca
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini berjudul Peningkatan Perekonomian Keluarga Melalui Program Bujaya (Buku Jadi Karya) di Perpustakaan Bukuku Guruku Desa Puro Kecamatan Karangmalang Kabupaten Sragen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan perekonomian keluarga melalui program Bujaya (Buku Jadi Karya) di perpustakaan Bukuku Guruku Desa Puro Kecamatan Karangmalang Kabupaten Sragen. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan ini dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara semi terstruktur dan juga studi dokumen. Wawancara dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Wawancara dilakukan kepada 5 orang informan yang meliputi 2 informan yang merupakan pengelola perpustakaan dan 3 informan yaitu  masyarakat Desa Puro. Data yang diperoleh dari wawancara selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan perekonomian keluarga melalui program Bujaya (Buku Jadi Karya) di Perpustakaan Bukuku Guruku Desa Puro Kecamatan Karangmalang Kabupaten Sragen meliputi: pertama, program Bujaya dalam peningkatan perekonomian keluarga di Desa Puro sebagai sarana untuk meningkatkan keterampilan. Pelatihan keterampilan dapat digunakan masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dalam menciptakan suatu produk usaha. Kedua, program Bujaya dalam peningkatan perekonomian keluarga di Desa Puro sebagai sarana dalam menciptakan suatu peluang usaha. Terciptanya usaha pada masyarakat Desa Puro, membuat keluarga yang awalnya tidak memiliki penghasilan, melalui program Bujaya sebagai sarana menciptakan suatu usaha, masyarakat dapat mempunyai penghasilan yang cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan perekonomiannya.
Peran Pustakawan dalam Pembentukan Pustakawan Kecil di Perpustakaan Sekolah Dasar Islam Hidayatullah Semarang
Authors: Audina Elfira Nova , Jumino Jumino
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran pustakawan dalam pembentukan “Pustakawan Kecil” di perpustakaan SD Islam Hidayatullah Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Metode wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data. Program “Pustakawan Kecil” dimulai pada awal tahun 2018. Kegiatan ini dibentuk atas permintaan Kepala SD Hidayatullah Semarang. Tujuan dari program “Pustakawan Kecil” sendiri adalah mengajak mahasiswa untuk berorganisasi dan membantu pustakawan dalam menjalankan tugasnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pustakawan Kecil telah melakukan kegiatan dasar yang dilakukan oleh pustakawan, seperti pembuatan rak, checkout buku, dan pelayanan retur buku. Kendala utama yang dihadapi pustakawan dalam menangani program “Pustakawan Kecil” adalah seringnya siswa tidak fokus, karena program itu sendiri dilaksanakan pada waktu istirahat sekolah. Siswa merasa waktu istirahatnya berkurang dan membuat mereka tidak fokus mengikuti program. Kata kunci: Perpustakaan sekolah; Pustakawan Kecil; Program Pustakawan