bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Activity of Ultrasound on Biofilm Formation by Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from clinical Specimens
Authors: Ali Shymaa , Al-Haideri Halah H. , Al Hishimi Amna M.
Published: November 2022

Acinetobacter baumannii received attention for its multi-drug resistant associated with many severe infections and outbreaks in clinical environment. The aims of the study are to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility profile of clinically isolated A. baumannii, biofilm production, and the efficiency of Low Frequency Ultrasound (LFU) and honey to attenuate biofilm production. A total of 100 samples were taken from different sources from Baghdad hospitals. The susceptibility patterns revealed the percentage of pan drug resistant (PDR) isolates were 1.5 %, 72.7 % were extended drug resistant (XDR), 16.7 % were multidrug resistant (MDR), and 9.1 % were non MDR and sensitive to most antibiotics used. The ability to form biofilm was detected by crystal violet staining, and the results showed that 20% were strong biofilm, and 31.8% were moderate biofilm. The biofilm formation percentage was decreased using Low frequency ultrasound LFU and honey. Moreover, PCR results revealed that not all of them harbouring biofilm-related genes or integrons (bap, csuE, IntI-1, IntI-2), although, they are strong biofilm producers. These results conclude that low frequency ultrasound and chemical components of honey might be a good choice to restrain A. baumannii biofilm formation, and negative correlation between antibiotic resistance and biofilm ability.
Running title: Antimicrobial drug resistance, Acinetobacter baumannii, biofilm inhibition
Fractal dimension based geographical clustering of COVID-19 time series data
Authors: Natalia Yessika Adelwin , Faes Christel , Neyens Thomas , Chys Pieter , Hammami Na ̈ıma , Molenberghs Geert
Published: November 2022

Understanding the local dynamics of COVID-19 transmission calls for an approach that characterizes the incidence curve at a small geographical unit. Given that incidence curves exhibit considerable day-to-day variation, the fractal structure of the time series dynamics is investigated for the Flanders and Brussels Regions of Belgium. For each statistical sector, the smallest administrative geographical entity in Belgium, fractal dimensions of COVID-19 incidence rates, based on rolling time spans of 7, 14, and 21 days were estimated using four different estimators: box-count, Hall-Wood, variogram, and madogram. We found varying patterns of fractal dimensions across time and location. The fractal dimension is further summarized by its mean, variance, and autocorrelation over time. These summary statistics are then used to cluster regions with different incidence rate patterns using k-means clustering. Fractal dimension analysis of COVID-19 incidence thus offers important insight in the past, current, and arguably future evolution of an infectious disease outbreak.
Python-based fuzzy logic in Automatic Washer control system
Authors: RAJA K , Ramathilagam S
Published: November 2022

We all wash our clothes on a daily basis. Traditionally, washing has been done by hand. However, today's technology has advanced greatly, and all manual labor has been replaced by machines. The washing machine is one such invention that allows consumers to conserve time, energy, and water. A fuzzy logic control system has been designed in response to human needs. A form of reasoning system known as fuzzy logic justifies YES or NO dependent on the input. These days, artificial intelligence (AI) is primarily used in automated products to mimic human thought. Many of the devices we use every day, including washing machines, air conditioners, satellites, unmanned aerial aircraft, traffic control systems, transmission systems, anti-lock brake systems (ABS), etc., utilize fuzzy logic problems. Python provides a straightforward answer to the fuzzy logic issue for the washing machine context. Until now, MATLAB was used to construct fuzzy logic problems for washing machines. However, Python logic is used in this, which mitigates the drawbacks of fuzzy logic in MATLAB. The type of clothing, level of grime, and load of clothing are the inputs for this procedure, and the wash time, RPM, dry time, and temperature are the outputs. This goal is used to cut down on the amount of time, energy, and water needed to wash clothes. The outcome of this simulation demonstrates that this washing machine offers a high-quality wash.
Assessment of Intensity and Susceptibility of Gully Erosion through Multiple Discriminate Factors Analysis using Geospatial Techniques in Birbhum District of Rarh Region of West Bengal
Authors: Mondal Biraj Kanti , Basu Tanmoy , Lee Ming An
Published: November 2022

The present study focuses on the identification of the intensity and susceptibility of gully erosion and induced soil erosion in the selected areas of Birbhum district of West Bengal, India. The geospatial techniques have been employed using the meticulous remotely sensed satellite data of Birbhum district. The composite gully erosion susceptibility maps have been prepared based on the aggregation of the normalized values of each indicator using factor analysis of the year 2001. It reveals from the maps that Rampurhat-I and Bolpur-Santiniketan blocks of Birbhum district have faced an excessive loss of lateritic soil cover mostly by the gully erosion during the monsoon season concerning the relationship between soil erosivity and other factors. About 23.45 percent and 20.59 percent area of the total area under Rampurhat-I and Bolpur-Santiniketan blocks are under gully erosion susceptibility zones. The LULC and landholding sizes are despoiled with an increasing rate of soil erosion in the gully areas during the study period. The identification of gully erosion hot spot areas, intensity mapping, and accurate prediction will help to formulate highly insightful, well-developed strategies for adaptation of imperative planning to rectify the soil loss, and soil degradation and assist in eco-efficient agriculture and improves the agri-environmental conditions.
Pairing cellular and synaptic dynamics into building blocks of rhythmic neural circuits
Authors: Scully Jack , Bourahmah Jassem , Bloom David , Shilnikov Andrey
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this paper is trifold -- to serve as an instructive resource and a reference catalog for biologically plausible modeling with i) conductance-based models, coupled with ii) strength-varying slow synapse models, culminating in iii) two canonical pair-wise rhythm-generating networks. We document the properties of basic network components: cell models and synaptic models, which are prerequisites for proper network assembly. Using the slow-fast decomposition we present a detailed analysis of the cellular dynamics including a discussion of the most relevant bifurcations. Several approaches to model synaptic coupling are also discussed, and a new logistic model of slow synapses is introduced. Finally, we describe and examine two types of bicellular rhythm-generating networks: i) half-center oscillators ii) excitatory-inhibitory pairs and elucidate a key principle -- the network hysteresis underlying the stable onset of emergent slow bursting in these neural building blocks. These two cell networks are a basis for more complicated neural circuits of rhythmogenesis and feature in our models of swim central pattern generators.
Analyzing the Potential of Active Learning for Document Image Classification
Authors: Saifullah Saifullah , Agne Stefan , Dengel Andreas , Ahmed Sheraz
Published: November 2022

Deep learning has been extensively researched in the field of document analysis and has shown excellent performance across a wide range of document-related tasks. As a result, a great deal of emphasis is now being placed on its practical deployment and integration into modern industrial document processing pipelines. It is well-known, however, that deep learning models are data-hungry and often require huge volumes of annotated data in order to achieve competitive performances. And since data annotation is a costly and labor-intensive process, it remains one of the major hurdles to their practical deployment. This study investigates the possibility of using active learning to reduce the costs of data annotation in the context of Document Image Classification, which is one of the core components of modern document processing pipelines. The results of this study demonstrate that by utilizing active learning (AL), deep document classification models can achieve competitive performances to the models trained on fully annotated datasets, and in some cases, even surpass them by annotating only 15%-40% of the total training dataset. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that modern AL strategies significantly outperform random querying, and in many cases achieve comparable performance to the models trained on fully annotated datasets even in the presence of practical deployment issues such as data imbalance, and annotation noise, and thus, offer tremendous benefits in real-world deployment of deep document classification models. The code to reproduce our experiments is publicly available at https://github.com/saifullah3396/doc_al.
Biomedical Knowledge Discovery From Unstructured Text Corpora Using Contextual Word Embeddings
Authors: Panesar Sandip S.
Published: November 2022

Background: Unsupervised extraction of knowledge from large, unstructured text corpora presents a challenge. Mathematical word embeddings taken from static language models such as Word2Vec have been utilized to discover "latent knowledge" within such domain-specific corpora. Here, semantic-similarity measures between representations of concepts or entities were used to predict relationships, which were later verified using domain-specific scientific techniques. Static language models have recently been surpassed at most downstream tasks by pre-trained, contextual language models like BERT. Some have postulated that contextualized embeddings potentially yield word representations superior to static ones for knowledge-discovery purposes. To address this question, two biomedically-trained BERT models (BioBERT and SciBERT) were used to encode n = 500, 1000 or 5000 sentences containing words of interest extracted from a biomedical corpus. The n representations for the words of interest were subsequently extracted and then aggregated to yield static-equivalent word representations for words belonging to vocabularies of biomedical intrinsic benchmarking tools for verbs and nouns. Using intrinsic benchmarking tasks, feasibility of using contextualized word representations for knowledge discovery tasks can be assessed: Word representations better encoding described reality are expected to demonstrate superior performance.
Results: The number of contextual examples used for aggregation had little effect on performance, however embeddings aggregated from shorter sequences outperformed those from longer ones. Performance also varied according to model used, with BioBERT demonstrating superior performance to static models for verbs, and SciBERT embeddings demonstrating superior performance to static embeddings for nouns. Neither model outperformed static models for both nouns and verbs. Moreover, performance varied according to model layer from which embeddings were extracted from, and depending upon whether a word was intrinsic to a particular model's vocabulary or required subword decomposition.
Conclusions: Based on these results, static-equivalent embeddings obtained from contextual models may be superior to those from static models. Moreover, as n has little effect on embedding performance, a computationally efficient method of sampling a corpus for contextual examples and leveraging BERT's architecture to obtain word embeddings suitable for knowledge discovery tasks is described.
Does healthcare coverage affect the decision to undergo female sterilization in a tertiary hospital setting?
Authors: Uaamnuichai Sutira , Phutrakool Phanupong , Thammasitchai Nareerat , Santhiloetsakun Sarochinee , Santibenchakul Somsook , Jaisamrarn Unnop
Published: November 2022

Background
Postpartum sterilization in Thailand has relatively few barriers and is partially covered by different healthcare plans. We aim to determine if healthcare plans or other demographic factors affect sterilization rate in a tertiary urban hospital.
Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of a cohort of 4,482 postpartum women from previous data comparing contraception during and before the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results
Overall immediate postpartum sterilization rate was 17.8%. Those whose healthcare covered the procedure trended toward postpartum sterilization (OR = 1.11; 95%CI = 0.94–1.31). Women aged 40–44 years were 8.53 times as likely to choose sterilization than those aged 20–24 years (aOR = 2.74; 95%CI = 1.63–4.60). Women who delivered via cesarean section were more likely to undergo sterilization at the time of delivery (aOR = 5.78; 95%CI = 4.69–7.12). Women having their second or third child were more likely to undergo postpartum sterilization than those having their first child.
Conclusions
In conclusion, we found that age, parity, and route of delivery were associated with higher sterilization rates. Healthcare coverage was not associated with increased immediate postpartum sterilization in our setting.
MixLoss: A Data Augmentation Method for Sequence Generation Tasks
Authors: Chen Yaqi , Jiao Xiaolin , Zhang Hao , Qu Dan , Yang Xukui
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we propose MixLoss, a simple and effective data augmentation method for sequence generation tasks like machine translation, speech recognition, etc. MixLoss works by mixing two inputs and two losses with two corresponding outputs using the same weights, which can also be applied in the hidden space. Concretely, when the loss takes the certain form that we define, we prove that MixLoss is theoretically equivalent to Mixup and thus has an adequate theoretical foundation. We corroborate our theoretical analysis with experiments that support our conclusions. Experimental results on the English-Germany dataset reveal that MixLoss achieves the best performance compared with other data augmentation methods, and can integrate well with other technologies. Specifically, the BLEU can be improved from 27.10 to 28.41 on the MT task, and the WER can be decreased from 18.9% to 15.1% on the ASR task. Moreover, MixLoss has stronger robustness to resist noisy data.
On the identification of some species of the Cassieae tribe harvested in Cameroon using three Machine Learning technics
Authors: Fonkou Michèle Flore Yimga , Kengne William , Priso Richard Jules , Fono Louis Aimé , Ndongo Din
Published: November 2022

Species from the Cassieae tribe are widely used as ornamental, medicinal and food plants despite their apparent similarities. In this paper, we study identification of these species by means of the description of their characteristics and by using three machine learning methods (Decision Tree, k-Nearest Neighbors and Support Vector Machine). For that, we collect, in the cities of Douala and Yaoundé in Cameroon, a set of 390 specimens (13 species and 30 per specie) and we describe each of them based on 24 variables (23 features variables and one target variable given the name of the specie). These algorithms are implemented on the obtained database by simple cross validation and 10-folds cross-validation, the performance of each of them was evaluated by means of four indicators : the error rate/accuracy of the model, the sensitivity, the specificity and the Area under the ROC curve (AUC). The minimum accuracy is 95.4% obtained with 10-folds cross-validation. These algorithms perform better on the balanced dataset than on the unbalanced dataset.
Ex Vitro Rooting of Cannabis sativa Microcuttings and Their Performance Compared to Retip and Stem Cuttings
Authors: Kurtz Lauren E. , Borbas Lillian N. , Brand Mark H. , Lubell-Brand Jessica D.
Published: November 2022

There is demand for micropropagated Cannabis sativa liner plants, because they are uniform, vigorous, and pathogen free; however, availability is limited because of challenges with in vitro culture decline and ex vitro rooting. Ex vitro rooting success of microcuttings was evaluated for ‘Abacus’ and ‘Wife’ when cultures were 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 weeks old from initiation. Microcuttings of ‘Wife’ harvested from 6, 9, and 12-week-old cultures rooted at or above 80%, but rooting declined to 50% and 30% for 15- and 18-week-old cultures, respectively. Rooting for ‘Abacus’ remained relatively constant between 47% and 70% for microcuttings harvested from 6- to 18-week-old cultures. ‘Wife’ plants grown from microcuttings, stem cuttings, and retip cuttings (cuttings taken from new shoots on recently micropropagated plants) had equivalent total shoot length, number of shoots, and flower dry weight, whereas micropropagated ‘Abacus’ plants had less shoot length and flower dry weight than plants from stem cuttings. However, when micropropagated ‘Abacus’ plants were provided an extra week of vegetative growth to reach an initial size equivalent to stem and retip plants, all plants performed the same. Propagation method did not change cannabinoid content for both ‘Abacus’ and ‘Wife’. Retip cuttings of ‘Abacus’ and ‘Wife’ rooted at 76% to 81% without rooting hormone, which is comparable to rates reported for stem cuttings of C. sativa treated with rooting hormone. Propagators should consider retipping to expand their liner production, because retips root well and possess the same desirable attributes as micropropagated plants.
A importância de uma associação para construção e formação da cultura surda
Authors: Gianotto Adriano de Oliveira , Veronese Liliam
Published: November 2022

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de abordar a importância de uma Associação para pessoas surdas principalmente nos primeiros anos de vida, quando a criança está se descobrindo como pessoa e sujeito, e, no caso de criança surda, aprendendo a Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras) como primeira língua, com troca de experiências e amizades com outras pessoas surdas que já saibam a Libras. A Associação é um lugar que oportuniza a possibilidade de troca de informações na sua própria língua com a comunidade surda, para que assumam a sua identidade como sujeito surdo que tem seu próprio jeito de se comunicar, interagir, perceber e conhecer o mundo. Este artigo irá apresentar a Associação de Famílias, Amigos, Profissionais e Pessoas Surdas (Afaps MS), que nasceu em 2018 em Campo Grande/MS. Será apresentada sua história, como começou, quais objetivos e suas conquistas em nossa sociedade. A Associação tem uma função social, cultural e cívica de defender os direitos dos seus associados. A participação da sociedade civil na construção de políticas públicas é muito importante, pois o poder público desconhece as necessidades e as dificuldades das pessoas com deficiência, principalmente em relação às pessoas surdas. A união das famílias e amigos nessa construção de uma sociedade mais inclusiva é um dever de todos. Pensando nisso, a Afaps MS, em seus três anos de existência, já conquistou muitas vitórias para a comunidade surda por meio de projetos e ações que visam a garantir a acessibilidade e a inclusão da língua brasileira de sinais – Libras –, resgatando a dignidade das pessoas surdas e proporcionando o seu protagonismo e desenvolvimento, transformando a sociedade em um lugar mais acessível e inclusivo para todas as pessoas surdas.
As marcas das travessias nos discursos e a (in)aplicabilidade do instituto de refúgio
Authors: Dias Renato Duro , Baraldi Neto João
Published: November 2022

Os conflitos políticos e a crise econômica são alguns dos fatores que cada vez mais têm forçado sujeitos a deixar seus territórios de origem em busca de refúgio em outros países. Esse instituto possui respaldo jurídico nas convenções e normas internacionais de Direitos Humanos, e esta pesquisa parte da seguinte problemática: Como acontece a aplicação do instituto jurídico do refúgio na prática diante do aumento expressivo de movimentos populacionais na contemporaneidade? A fim de responder tal questionamento, este trabalho tem como objetivo a discussão sobre o refúgio para compreender a realidade sobre a sua efetivação e eficácia enquanto instituto de direito humanitário. Para tanto, discutimos sobre o conceito do refúgio e a diferença deste para outros movimentos migratórios, refletimos sobre a proteção jurídica do refugiado e, a fim de verificar a eficácia dessa proteção jurídica, realizamos coleta e Análise do Discurso dos relatos dos refugiados disponibilizados pelo Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para Refugiados (Acnur). Concluímos pela inaplicabilidade dos direitos e garantias internacionais dos refugiados desde o processo migratório até a concretização da solicitação de refúgio no país de origem.
Jurisdição constitucional do STF nas ações diretas: a legitimidade ativa dos povos indígenas no controle de constitucionalidade
Authors: De Andrade Matheus Abreu Lopes , Nichele Cíntia da Silva Telles , Ferreira Aldo Pacheco
Published: November 2022

A Constituição de 1988 consagrou novos mecanismos de controle abstrato e concentrado de constitucionalidade com a possibilidade de participação de atores representativos da sociedade civil. O texto constitucional, no entanto, não reconheceu expressamente a legitimidade ativa de organizações sociais representativas de minorias, como a de organizações dos povos indígenas. A despeito disso, o Supremo Tribunal Federal tem precedentes que interpretam ampliativamente o rol de legitimados para permitir que os grupos vulneráveis proponham essas ações em nome próprio. O objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em analisar se os povos indígenas têm legitimação para acionar a Corte por meio de ações diretas para a defesa de seus direitos fundamentais. Somente em 2020, por ocasião da ADPF 709, os indígenas ingressaram na jurisdição concentrada em nome próprio para a defesa de direitos relacionados à saúde, ação esta ensejada pela pandemia do novo coronavírus. Tratou-se de um marco importante, uma vez que a participação popular no Supremo assegura a capacidade de o povo expressar politicamente a sua identidade e auxilia no processo de concretização da missão destinada à defesa e proteção dos direitos humanos por meio do controle de constitucionalidade. Caso essa tendência de abertura se consagre na Corte, essa estará mais comprometida com os valores emancipatórios da Constituição de 1988, conhecida como Constituição Cidadã, por salvaguardar mecanismos de proteção democrática.
O perfil de mulheres imigrantes internacionais nos estabelecimentos penais do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Da Silva César Augusto Silva , da Silva Nayla Cristina Santiago
Published: November 2022

O escopo deste artigo busca estabelecer o perfil das mulheres migrantes internacionais que cumprem pena privativa de liberdade nos estabelecimentos penais femininos no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Buscou-se fazer um levantamento das características gerais dessas mulheres em torno do perfil social, econômico e cultural, além das principais dificuldades enfrentadas nos espaços de privação de liberdade. O presente trabalho fundamentou-se em pesquisa bibliográfica e análise de documentos oficiais, com estatísticas coletadas e sistematizadas a partir do Sistema Integrado de Administração do Sistema Penitenciário, responsável por catalogar todas as informações referentes aos custodiados que cumprem pena nos presídios femininos administrados pela Agência Estadual de Administração do Sistema Penitenciário de Mato Grosso do Sul. Concluiu-se pela assertiva de que as mulheres imigrantes, encarceradas no Estado, correspondem a um padrão específico que apresenta um alto grau de vulnerabilidade social e econômica que contribui sobremaneira para a sua invisibilidade.
Growth kinetics and purifying performance of A. Platensis in stirring-free culture based on brewery effluent's supernatant
Authors: Liady Mouhamadou Nourou Dine , Adande Richard , Virgile Akowanou Onésime Akuemaho , Adjahouinou Dogbè Clément , Cécilia Ahondokpè , Goussanou Baruc Kpèhouénou , Zouhir Fouad , Kouadio Louis Amani , Aïna Martin Pépin , Fiogbe Emile Didier
Published: November 2022

Due to costs of setting up and operating electrical stirring systems to keep algae in suspension and exposed to light, cultivation of monospecific algae is poorly expanded in developing countries. However, some algal species, such as Arthrospira platensis, are equipped with gaseous vesicles that allow them to stay afloat and increase their exposure to light. In this study, we investigated in an unstirred outdoor environment, its growth kinetic and purifying performance in a brewery effluent-based media. Batch cultures were carried out in three experimental treatments and evolution of physicochemical and growth parameters were monitored. Then its contribution to depollution was determined. Results show that optimal conditions for producing A. platensis include the culture tank transparency, the effluent dilution (i.e. 10%), and the culture media amendment with sodium bicarbonate and sodium nitrate. The average productivity recorded reached 0.55 g DW·L−1·d−1 during the exponential growth phase, while preserving culture from contamination. COD and total nitrogen concentrations were reduced to 32.5 and 64.91%. Such results open up prospects for low-cost production of certain algae, in transparent and relatively high barrels, thus breaking the classic barriers related to shallow basin depth and mechanical agitation traditionally considered as critical to the success of algal production.
Role of Flavonoids in Management of Various Biological Targets in Alzheimer’s Disease: Evidence from Preclinical to Clinical Studies
Authors: Alharbi Khalid Saad , Javed Shaikh Mohammad Arshad , Imam Syed Sarim , Alshehri Sultan , Ghoneim Mohammed M. , Almalki Waleed Hassan , Singh Sachin Kumar , Kumar Deepak , Kumar Avvaru Praveen , Dua Kamal , Chellappan Dinesh Kumar , Paudel Keshav Raj , Gupta Gaurav
Published: November 2022

More than 10 million people worldwide have Alzheimer's disease (AD), a degenerative neurological illness and the most prevalent form of dementia. AD's progression in memory loss, cognitive deterioration, and behavioral changes are all symptoms. Amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42), the hyperphosphorylated forms of microtubule-associated tau protein, and other cellular and systemic alterations are all factors that contribute to cognitive decline in AD. Rather than delivering a possible cure, present therapy strategies focus on reducing disease symptoms. It has long been suggested that various naturally occurring small molecules (plant extract products and microbiological isolates, for example) could be beneficial in preventing or treating disease. Small compounds, such as flavonoids, have attracted much interest recently due to their potential to alleviate cellular stress. Flavonoids have been proven helpful in various ways, including antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and anti-apoptotic agents, but their mechanism remains unknown. The flavonoid therapy of Alzheimer's disease focuses on this review, which includes a comprehensive literature analysis.
Clinical Application and Synthesis Methods of Deuterated Drugs
Authors: Xu Xiao-Liang , Zhang Wen , Rao Guo-Wu
Published: November 2022

Many drugs have adverse absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretory
(ADME) properties that prevent their widespread use or limit their use in some indications.
In addition to preparation techniques and prodrug strategies, deuterium modification
is a viable method for improving ADME properties. Deuterated drugs have attracted
increasing attention from the pharmaceutical industry in recent years. To date, two deuterated
drugs have been approved by the FDA. In 2017, austedo was approved by the FDA
as a new drug for Huntington's disease in the United States, the first deuterium drug to be
marketed worldwide. Recently (June 9, 2021), donafinil has been listed in China; this result
has caused major pharmaceutical companies and the pharmaceutical industry to pay
attention to deuterium technology again. In addition, BMS-986165, RT001, ALK-001,
HC-1119, AVP-786 and other drugs are in phase III clinical studies, and some solid deuterium
compounds have entered phase I and II clinical trials. The deuterium strategy has
been widely used in pharmaceutical research and has become a hot spot in pharmaceutical
research in recent years. In this paper, the research and development of deuterated
drugs are reviewed, and the influence of deuterium modification on drugs, the advantages
of deuterium strategies and the synthesis strategies of deuterated drugs are mainly
introduced. Hoping to provide references for clinical application, the discovery of new
deuterium chemical entities and research and development of new deuterated drugs.
Development and Characterization of Bosentan Monohydrate-loaded
Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System
Authors: Tonjam Russel , Kurmi Balak Das , Singh Dilpreet
Published: November 2022

Aim/ Objective:

The present investigation aims to develop a solid Self-nano emulsifying Drug Delivery System for enhancing the solubility and in vitro characteristics of poorly soluble an-ti-hypertensive drug Bosentan Monohydrate.

Methods:

The selection of formulation components on the basis of equilibrium solubility and pseu-do-ternary phase titration studies revealed the suitability of Isopropyl myristate, Tween 80 and Pol-yethylene glycol as the lipidic excipients and their optimized concentration ranges resulted in a sta-ble microemulsion region.

Results:

The systematic optimization of the liquid SNEDD formulations of Bosentan was per-formed using in vitro tests and detailed characterization studies. The results revealed that the F4 formulation produces excellent results and satisfactory results in all the CQA of liquid SNEDDS. The optimized liquid SNEDD formulations exhibited globule size of less than 100 nm, high and negative values of zeta potential, quick self-emulsification rate, negligible phase separation, and a high degree of physical stability during thermodynamic evaluation studies. SEM revealed nanostructured particles with negligible aggregation.

Conclusion:

In vitro dissolution studies of Bosentan in optimized liquid SNEDDS (F4) unveiled a multi-fold enhancement in release profile, as compared to pure API.
Discursos de celebração e estratégias de apagamento enunciativo Uso e sistema
Authors: Marques Maria Aldina
Published: November 2022

relationship between linguistic system and use is central to the construction of the discourses as communicative practices. This is the theoretical framework from which we propose to analyze how certain grammatical structures are at the service of strategies of enunciative erasure (French effacement énonciatif), as linguistic mechanisms where the voices of discourse are constructed but pretending that they do not exist. It is through the analysis of the structure Há quem X that we intend to show this interrelationship between discourse and system anchored in the concept of dialogism. Our objective is, specifically, to analyze the use of this structure as a discursive strategy of enunciative erasure, in a speech celebrating the Centenary of the Portuguese Republic, held in the Portuguese parliament. It stands out in the analysis that Há quem X is a complex dialogic structure, which serves a strategy of erasing the enunciative voice of the speaker, but also the erasure of other voices, an enunciative process with implications for discourse organization, namely argumentative and illocutionary dimensions, within the ongoing global process of referencing.
Sobre o Imperfeito Narrativo em Português Europeu
Authors: Azevedo Bárbara
Published: November 2022

This work has as main objective to analyze the use of the Narrative Imperfect in European Portuguese, in order to verify if this use is present in the language. The analysis is based on data collected from a Portuguese language repository, CETEMPúblico. The study focuses on constructions, where the Imperfect Tense is found in order to verify to what extent European Portuguese presents or not occurrences of the Narrative Imperfect. After analyzing the data collected, it was observed that there are some occurrences, based on two of the aspectual classes with which the Imperfect Tense is combined.
Aspeto verbal em croata e português – à procura da gramática interlinguística
Authors: Sarić Daliborka
Published: November 2022

Starting from the relevant points of the Croatian aspectual system, we present a basic scheme of contrasts between the perfective/imperfective opposition in Croatian and Pretérito Perfeito/Imperfeito in Portuguese and analyze narrative texts written by B2 level Portuguese students, who are native speakers of Croatian. Focused on “deviations”, we try to identify the specificities of the interlanguage in question with regard to the use of the past verbal tenses, namely Pretérito Perfeito and Imperfeito. The occurrence of Imperfeito in the foreground of the narrative and in the coda, as well as the combination of this verbal tense with the simple durative adverbials point to the presence of some L1 features in narrative texts produced by our informants – just as in Croatian, the interlinguistic Imperfeito seems to have the unmarked status in the Pretérito Perfeito/Imperfeito opposition.
Representação do discurso outro no enquadramento teórico do género artigo científico
Authors: Pinto Ana Sofia
Published: November 2022

The scientific article genre often uses other voices to report their speech, being one of the main parameters of this textual genre. Thus, these voices are summoned in an argumentative strategy, persuading a relevant research community to consider a given. The discourse report is the object of study of several authors (Swales 1986, Authier-Revuz 1982, 2008, Duarte 1999, 2008, 2020, Boch & Grossmann 2002, Rabatel 2012, e.o), focusing on some of these works in scientific discourse (Hyland 1999, 2002, Jorge & Luís 2018, e.o) and, within this discursive domain, in the scientific article genre (Swales 1990, Hyland 2001, Marques 2020, e.o). The main objective of this work is to analyze the representation of the other discourse in the section of the literature revision of the scientific article textual genre. In articulation with this general objective, some more specific objectives were established: a) to analyze the distribution and predominance of the strategies of representation of the other discourse and b) to verify if these strategies differ in the studied areas. To achieve these objectives, a corpus of 30 scientific articles (15 from Linguistics and 15 from Education) was constituted, whose text plan corresponds to the IMRDC structure (Swales 1990, e.o.). This investigation follows a mixed methodology that consists, in general, in the identification of the bibliographic referencing strategies and the strategies of representation of the discourse reported in the corpus. For the proposed analysis, the theoretical-methodological framework of Marques (2020) was taken as a reference, which identifies bibliographic referencing strategies and citation strategies in eight scientific articles, considering the articles in their entirety. As for the results of this investigation, we observed that the most common form of reported speech is indirect speech, both in the entire corpus and comparatively. At the level of linguistic formatting of each of the identified strategies, we verified the existence of some variety in its textualization, with consequences in the expression of different points of view of the speaker about the other speech and the fulfillment of the objectives of its call, in accordance with the results of other studies (cf., among others, Marques 2020).
Expressão do valor genérico nos provérbios portugueses e croatas
Authors: Lanović Nina
Published: November 2022

Starting from the hypothesis that proverbs represent prototypes of generic sentences and considering that, in our view, they have not been properly studied in the field of linguistics (especially Croatian linguistics), we propose in this work to reflect on the mechanisms that convey the generic value of proverbs. We believe that the generic interpretation in a proverbial context arises from the interaction of several factors – from the linguistic (semantic-pragmatic) ones to certain conceptual mechanisms. At the linguistic level, genericity is actualized in the behavior of several grammatical categories, from nouns and noun phrases, adverbial adjuncts, determiners and quantifiers, and temporal, aspectual and modal values, to the interpropositional relations that represent “type-situations”. For the purposes of this work, we focused on the noun phrase (in the subject position), an aspect that we find relevant even in terms of comparing Portuguese and Croatian proverbial texts, due to the differences between these two languages in the expression of the category (in)determination. The problematization of the properties of the subject noun phrase necessarily requires considering the semantic nature of predications. Since genericity is a linguistic, but also a logical and conceptual “universal”, we propose to investigate the mechanisms in which it is actualized in (European) Portuguese and Croatian proverbs
Modalidade epistémica e persistência
Authors: Marques Rui
Published: November 2022

Adding bem (lit. ‘well’) to a modalized proposition, as in it is quite possible that he already left, increases the degree of conviction being conveyed. Apparently, this epistemic reinforcement that results from the presence of bem corresponds to the expression of a higher degree of belief than what is expressed without bem. Concretely, while é possível que p (‘it is possible that p’) indicates that p is a possibility, é bem possível que p (‘it is quite possible that p’) will indicate that p is a good possibility. If so, the meaning of constructions resulting from the addition of bem to a modalized proposition can be captured within the framework of modality analysis in Krazter (1991, a.o.), who considers different degrees of modality, including the notions of possibility and good possibility. This way, it will be understandable why bem can co-occur with weak modals, as the equivalents of possible or may, but not with strong modals, such as the equivalents of must or have to, since the latter already have a strong value, not being able to be reinforced by the addition of bem. However, there are counter-arguments to this hypothesis, which, among other problems, does not explain why bem may co-occur with various types of modal operators or propositional attitude verbs that express a strong epistemic value, such as, e.g., certo (‘right’), as in é bem certo! (‘quite right!’), or to know, as in the equivalent of he knows well that he is late. Thus, two questions arise: (i) how to explain the epistemic reinforcement resulting from the addition of bem to a sentence with an epistemic modal operator? (ii) why can bem combine with some epistemic modal operators, but not with all of them?An alternative hypothesis is presented and explored, according to which bem does not contribute to the truth conditions of the sentence, but functions at the discursive level. Specifically, the proposed hypothesis is that the addition of bem to a modalized proposition indicates the expectation that this proposition will remain valid as discourse flows. That is, bemhas the function of making the proposition in which it occurs persistent. Thus, the meaning of the constructions resulting from the addition of bem to a modalized sentence is best captured by an analysis of modality within dynamic semantics. In dynamic semantics, the meaning of a sentence is its Context Change Potential, its capability to update the information of the context (or information state) relative to which it is asserted. The proposed analysis provides an answer the two aforementioned questions. Epistemic reinforcement conveyed by bem corresponds to expressing the expectation that the modalized proposition will remain valid as discourse flows. The reason why bem can co-occur with some, but not all, epistemic operators is linked to the type of epistemic state described by each sentence. As predicted by the proposed hypothesis, bem cannot co-occur with modal operators expressing an inference that arises from particular information and that may not be maintained as new information is gathered.
Breves considerações sobre os nomes coletivos em Português Europeu
Authors: Magalhães Violeta Amélia
Published: November 2022

In this article we will address the issue of collective nouns in European Portuguese, focusing our attention on collective nouns that denote organized groups of humans. We will begin by questioning the definition of collective nouns, introducing, for this purpose, a distinction between collective reference and a general sense of group. Then we will explore the variability that characterizes collective nouns through the application of some grammaticality tests. Further on, we will argue that a collective noun can be interpreted not only as a single collective entity, as proposed by Raposo (2013), but also as a plural entity (Ritchie 2018), which grant access to the atoms that constitute it. Finally, we will present two semantic problems involving collective nouns. First, we will discuss the relationship that can be established between collective nouns and certain proper nouns. Second, a comparison between collective nouns and some other plural expressions will be explored. In short, we will defend collective nouns as entities that, in a unique way in relation to other nouns and nominal expressions, introduce a collective reference in discourse.
O eterno caso dos adjetivos temporais e aspetuais um contributo para a sua caracterização semântica
Authors: Ferreira Idalina , Cunha Luís Filipe , Leal António , Silvano Purificação , Silva Fátima
Published: November 2022

The aim of this paper is to analyze the semantic behavior of adjectives that have been designated as temporal and aspectual in the literature, regarding the readings they can display. For this purpose, sixteen of these adjectives were selected and fifty occurrences of each one were randomly chosen and investigated. Overall, we observed a significant variety of readings associated with all the adjectives under scrutiny, which to greater or lesser degrees can express temporal, aspectual, temporo-aspectual values, and readings of qualificative and relational adjectives. This diversity of possible readings raises problems for proposals that intend to classify this group of adjectives in a static manner (i.e., without considering the context).
Uma análise para a distinção entre evidencialidade e modalidade epistémica o caso dos adjetivos alegado e suposto e respetivas formas adverbiais
Authors: Cantante Inês , Rebouças Rute
Published: November 2022

The modal and evidential domains are not always easily distinguishable. Even though some languages do have specific modal and evidential markers, European Portuguese does not behave the same way, having, therefore, several ways and mechanisms to mark both evidentiality and modality. The present study, based on examples retrieved from the European Portuguese corpus CETEMpúblico, thus, intends to evaluate if the traditionally considered modal adjectives, suposto (supposed) and alegado (alledged), and their corresponding adverbial forms, can convey evidential values and contribute to signal a distinction between the two domains. The examples show that these adjectives and adverbs behave distinctively from each other: suposto (and supostamente) conveys suppositional evidentiality, while alegado (and alegadamente) conveys reportative evidentiality. Even though the preferred interpretation is an evidential one, they both allow for an epistemic modal reading. This means, put differently, that, although these adjectives and adverbs have the capacity to represent both domains, modality seems to always come second: the transmission of evidential values is therefore stronger than the expression of epistemic modal values (of uncertainty). However, the epistemic reading of alegado, in particular, seems to be related to the fact that the author does not mean to compromise him/herself with the veracity of the proposition, rather than convey a certain degree of uncertainty.
La articulación del currículo universitario del programa de Administración de Empresas, desde la teoría antropológica de lo didáctico: el caso de la asignatura lógica y matemáticas I
Authors:   Corporación  Universitaria  Americana, Jiménez Beleño Andrés
Published: November 2022

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir las relaciones de pertinencia-articulación que resultan de comparar las dimensiones del problema didáctico que propone la Teoría Antropológica de lo Didáctico, en adelante (TAD), con las estructuras jerárquicas del currículo de matemáticas. La didactización del conocimiento matemático favorece la articulación del currículo de matemáticas, que guarda relaciones de pertinencia con las teorías didácticas que intervienen en las diferentes experiencias de aprendizaje significativo del grupo de estudio. La investigación se fundamentó en la lógica difusa. Se encontró que la desarticulación matemática es el origen de la desarticulación del currículo de matemáticas, y que la malla curricular no logra desagregar en el microcurrículo los fines de la educación.
Discovery of village resources in urban regeneration project based on big data analytics
Authors:   Department of Real Estate Studies, Kongju Nat’l University, Gongju, South Korea, Kim Jaehwan , Cho Yongkyung ,   Department of Research, ArchiQPlus co., Ltd., 233, 54 Changup-ro, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyenggi-do, South Korea
Published: November 2022

In this study, we examined resources at the local level, conducted status research, and explored alternatives based on big data analytics to regenerate a village in a small area in an information communications technology-based urban regeneration project. In particular, we used big data analytics to analyze the current conditions of the local area and provided a case demonstrating how connecting with a local university for expertise could solve current local problems. The main results can be summarized in three dimensions. First, there is job creation in villages using woodworking. At the center of it, it is possible to link with youth entrepreneurship by using the clubs of the local university (Seangnori Research Institute). Quantitatively, it is possible to design offices and offline stores for the sale of developed products, and qualitatively, it can lead to company growth by increasing the business volume of pre-land transportation-type social enterprises and expansion of regional governance through regional exchanges. Second, in terms of providing new information and education, it is possible to provide the Chungnam Appropriate Technology Federation, a non-profit organization in the region, for smooth education and practice. In particular, it is possible to promote the growth of the council through continuous product development. It is possible to strengthen the cooperative system. Third, the effect of the influx of population within the region can be obtained. As publicity and awareness of the visionary workshop project have been expanded, the youth independent talent nurturing process is systematized, and from this, students graduating from local universities can lead to youth jobs in the local area without looking for jobs in other areas, forming a virtuous cycle system. To this end, we divided real estate big data into the categories of system, technology and data, law and policy, structured data of real estate information and unstructured data of social media, web log data, smart device, and real estate policy, development, appraisal, and local analysis to apply to the case area and suggest implications.