bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASTANA AS AN ACTOR IN WORLD POLITICS
Authors: Chukubayev Yermek , Ismagulov Nurzhan
Published: February 2025

This article analyzes the role of the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, in the world political system. Globalization contributes to the emergence of new actors in international relations, among which cities and megacities play a unique role. The issues of the socio-economic development of the city are considered. An overview of the political action was given, and the part of Astana in the system of civilization of international relations was described. The city of Astana was characterized as the center of Eurasian diplomacy. Within the framework of this article, the importance of "urban diplomacy" as an instrument of the system of international relations was also considered.
Keywords: city diplomacy, the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan, twin cities, interconnections, globalization, actors of international relations, regionalization, economy, sustainable development
ТЕРРОРИЗМ КАК СОЦИАЛЬНЫЙ ФЕНОМЕН
Authors: Хусаинова Гульжан Давлеткалиевна , Нуралина Ботакоз Амангелдиевна
Published: February 2025

В статье исследуется терроризм как специфический социальный феномен. Критическому анализу подвергаются различные точки зрения на данный феномен. Отмечается, что имеющие место в литературе разногласия по данному вопросу во многом обусловлены тем, что каждая дисциплина при определении сущности терроризма исходит исключительно из своего предмета и потому акцентирует в данном феномене лишь те его элементы, которые значимы в свете её предмета. В статье предлагается авторское понимание феномена терроризма. Отмечаются особенности современного терроризма. Показано, что он фактически сводится к двум видам – к политическому и религиозному. В то же время и религиозный (в особенности так называемый «исламский») терроризм лишь со стороны своей внешней формы является религиозным, в то время как по сути своей он преследует поставленную теми, кто его субсидирует, вооружает и курирует вполне конкретную геополитическую цель.
ТЕНЕВАЯ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ МИГРАЦИЯ В ПРИАРАЛЬЕ КАК НОВЫЙ АРЕАЛ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОБЛЕМ
Authors: Рахматулина Д.М. , Исова Л.Т. , Самай А.Д.
Published: February 2025

В современном мире экологическая миграция является одним из самых актуальных исследовательских направлений в области миграции. Вопросы, связанные с перемещением населения, обостряются ввиду негативных прогрессирующих и нововыявленных изменений окружающей среды. Вместе с видоизменениями природного характера исключительным является пертурбация экологического состояния природного объекта в результате антропогенного воздействия, что имеет крайне отрицательный эффект на население расположенное вблизи и в отдалении от него.
Целью исследования является обоснование выявления значительного числа перемещающихся лиц с территории Приаралья как зоны экологического бедствия, экологических мигрантов, имеющих, в силу ряда особенностей, латентный «теневой» характер.
Работа несет в себе междисциплинарную научную значимость для исследователей в области регионоведения, международных отношений, миграции, экологии и демографии, а также вносит значительный вклад в разработку инструментария по выявлению экологической миграции на изучаемой территории. Научное исследование может быть использовано для усовершенствования законодательства по экологической миграции, а также будет способствовать предотвращению подобных социально-экономических последствий в результате экологических катастроф.
Результаты исследования могут быть применены в качестве учебного материала дисциплин, читаемых для студентов и магистрантов образовательных программ «Регионоведение» и «Международные отношения».
В качестве основных методов в научной работе были использованы сравнительный, исторический, логический, метод системного подход и корреляционный анализ.
В результате проведенной работы авторами было выявлено такое явление как «теневая экологическая миграция», как феномен, сформировавшийся причинными факторами: в следствии политики иррациональной ирригации, приведшей к катастрофическому высыханию Аральского моря, происходит практически полное обрушение промышленно-сельскохозяйственного комплекса данного района, что неизбежно ведет к обеднению человеческого ресурса.
Представлена цепь событий, запустивших экологическую миграцию, центром которого является экологическая катастрофа Аральского моря. Исследование будет способствовать предупреждению возникновения схожих экологических бедствий антропогенного характера и повышению уровня защищенности экологических беженцев.
Итоги исследования могут быть применены для внесения корректировок в правовые документы, увеличению программ по оказанию социальной поддержки пострадавшему населению, а также в научной литературе по исследованию миграционных процессов.
CIVIL SOCIETY INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Jekebayeva Makpal , Nassyrova Madinyam , Manapbayev Nurbolat
Published: February 2025

In the article, in accordance with the modern point of view, other values ​​of civil society, democratic laws, separation of powers, legal opposition, multi-party system, political and social freedoms of people and their associations, groups, etc.
The authors of the article scientifically correctly described the civil society as a legally registered, structurally approved and psychologically supported socio-political activity in inseparable unity with material and ideological pluralism.
In the methodological section, the authors described the institutions of civil society based on historical data, starting with the emergence of the concept of civil society among the great thinkers of antiquity and the Middle Ages, from the point of view of modern postmodernity, as a product of bourgeois society and on the basis of data linking them to market relations. The article also studied this concept in the works of European and American sociologists.
The article contains various conflicting opinions about the idea of ​​civil society. Especially in the works of Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Hegel, Habermas, T. Hobbes, Marx, Gramsci, S. Montesquieu, J. J. Rousseau, T. Payne, I. Bentham, Wilhelm Humboldt, A. Michnik, N. Bobbio, J. Habermas made his own critical political analyzes based on studies that studied the concept of civil society from a new angle.
In the article, the authors describe civil society as associations created by the people themselves, as a family, cooperatives, associations, public organizations, professional, creative, sports, ethnic and other associations, industrial and personal life of citizens
Also historically scientifically studied the concept of civil society since the XVII-XVIII centuries as self-governing non-governmental organizations. In this article, the authors consider civil society as an association protecting human rights, radiating social harmony, as people's sovereignty, realizing and controlling the interests of citizens.
ЖАПОНИЯДАҒЫ ДЕПОПУЛЯЦИЯНЫ ШЕШУ ЖОЛЫНДАҒЫ ИННОВАЦИЯНЫҢ РӨЛІ
Authors: Ахапов Е.A. , Ашинова Ж.Е. , Қуатова Х.Р.
Published: February 2025

Мақалада қазіргі таңда күрделі мәселелердің бірі ретінде қалыптасқан Жапониядағы депопуляция жайлы баяндалады. Оны шешу жолында әртүрлі реформалар қалыптасқанымен де, экономикасы кең етек жайған, жоғары технологиялы Жапония үшін қандай шешім ұтымды болғандығы қарастырылады. Шешу жолында мигранттардың келуі, яғни шетелдік жұмысшыларды көбейту, қарттар үшін зейнетақы жүйесін қалпына келтіру және медицинаны дамыту арқылы қарттарға қамқорлық жасау  реформалар мен әдіс тәсілдер жүргізілу үстінде. Соның ішінде инновацияның рөлі Жапониядағы депопуляцияны шешудің негізгі факторы ретінде көрсету мақаланың өзектілігі ретінде қарастырылады. Мақаланың негізгі мақсаты депопуляцияның саяси және әлеуметтік тұрғыдан әсерін анықтау арқылы белгілі шешу нысанын ұсыну болып табылады. Осы күнге дейін әртүрлі шешуші реформалар болғанымен де, экономиканың депопуляцияны шешу тұрғысынан тигізген әсерін көрсете отырамыз. Әсіресе, Жапониядағы қазіргі таңдағы даму үдерісіне ерекше мән бере отырып, жаңа бағыттар суреттеледі. Мақалада жалпы инновацияның депопуляцияны шешу жолындағы ерекшеліктері айтылады. Жастарға мүмкіндік беру, яғни болашағын жарқын етуге жағдай жасау,  қарттардың жағдайын толыққанды жүйеде шешу жапондықтар үшін басты міндет болып есептелінеді. Сонымен қатар әр салаға сәйкес экономикалық жолдардың жасалынуы қарттар үшін ғана емес, жастарға да толыққанды жұмыс атқарып дамуы үшін үлкен қызмет атқарады.
ҚАЗАҚСТАН МЕН РЕСЕЙ ШЕКАРАСЫНДАҒЫ ЭКОНОМИКАЛЫҚ ЫНТЫМАҚТАСТЫҚ
Authors: Әбдірахманов Қ.A , Мұқашева А.Д.
Published: February 2025

Мақалада Қазақстан мен Ресей арасындағы өңіраралық шекаралық байланысының экономикалық жағы зерттелген. КСРО-ның ыдырауы және 1990 жылдардағы трансформациялық процестер Қазақстан мен Ресей арасындағы өндірістік байланыстардың үзілуіне, өндірістен білікті кадрлардың кетуіне және соның салдарынан екі мемлекеттің шекаралас аймақтарының барлық өңірлері экономикасының өндірістік құрылымдарының азаюына әкелді. Біртұтас шаруашылық механизмінің ыдырауына қарамастан, өнеркәсіптік-өндірістік қатынастар Қазақстан-Ресей шекарасының трансшекаралық өзара әрекеттесуінің негізгі құрамдас бөліктерінің бірі болып қала береді.
Мақалада Қазақстан мен Ресейдің экономикалық ынтымақтастығының статистикалық мәліметтері талданған, ресми құжаттар мен материалдар, сонымен қатар баспа және электронды БАҚ-тағы жарияланымдар пайдаланған. Бірнеше саладағы бағыттар жеке қарастырылып, шекаралас аймақтағы посткеңестік экономикалық ынтымақтастық экономикалық дамудың кеңестік моделінің дәстүрін жалғастыруда екені анықталады. Бұның бас себебі институттардың жетіспеушілігінде. ЕАЭО жетістіктеріне қарамастан, шекаралық кедергілер қала береді, ал ынтымақтастық институттары осы уақытқа дейін шекара маңындағы өмірге аз әсер етті.
ӘЛЕМДІК САЯСАТТАҒЫ КӨРШІНІҢ БЕЙНЕСІ (ҚАЗАҚСТАНДАҒЫ ҚЫТАЙ БЕЙНЕСІ МЫСАЛЫНДА)
Authors: Жұрынбаев Е.
Published: February 2025

Бұл мақалада автор Қазақстан-Қытай қарым-қатынастарының призмасы арқылы әлемдік саясаттағы көршісінің бейнесін қалыптастыру үдерісін қарастырады. Көршіні қабылдау мәселесі тату көршілік қатынастарды құру процесінде маңызды құрал болып табылады. Қазақстандық қоғамда Қытай  елі мен қытай ұлтының бейнесі бір-біріне қарама-қайшы. Бұл мақалада автор екі жақты қатынастардың қалыптасуы мен дамуының негізгі кезеңдерін қарастыру арқылы Қытай бейнесін қабылдау эволюциясын қарастыруға тырысады. Қарастырылып отырған мәселенің өзі өзекті және қайшы тұстары жеткілікті. Бізге белгілі, Қытай негізінен теріс сипатта қалыптасты, бұл кеңестік-қытайлық қарама-қайшылықтың салдары, сондай-ақ тарихи түрде Қытай көшпелі халықтардың жаулары ретінде қабылданды. Көршінің бейнесін теріс қабылдау негізінен қатынастардың одан әрі дамуына әсер етеді, әрине, мемлекеттік деңгейде емес, жеке деңгейде.
Бұл мақаланың мақсаты Қазақстандағы синофобияның қалыптасу эволюциясының мәселелеріне шолу жасау. Мақалада қазіргі жарияланымдарда Бейжің өз азаматтарының шекара кеңістігін қоныстандыруға ниет білдіре отырып, кеңейту стратегиясын мақсатты түрде жүзеге асырады деген пікірлер туралы автор кеңінен тоқталған. Алайда, көптеген фактілер мен құжаттар бұл мәселені біржақты түсіндіруге мүмкіндік бермейтінін ғылыми тұрғыда зерттеу арқылы атап өткен.
Мақаланы жазу барысында тақырыпқа сәйкес Қытай мен АҚШ арасындағы сауда соғысының ұшығуы туралы ресми құжаттар мен дереккөздер пайдаланылып, қытай, қазақ, орыс және шетелдік ғалымдардың ғылыми көзқарастарына ғаламтор көзінен алынған мәліметтерге де талдау  жасалды. Жұмыстың әдіснамасына келер болсақ, зерттеуді жүзеге асыру кезінде жүйелеу, жалпылау және тарихи-этнографиялық әдістер қолданылды.
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ВЕКТОРЫ ВНЕШНЕЙ ПОЛИТИКИ РОССИИ В ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ ТУРБУЛЕНТНОСТИ
Authors: Аксакалова М.К , Абдулина А.Т
Published: February 2025

В настоящее время в связи с военным конфликтом России с Украиной и санкциями евроатлантических держав в отношении нее для принуждения к миру, наш северный сосед активизировал интерес к государствам постсоветского пространства, в частности Центральной Азии.
Основной целью статьи является выявление внешнеполитической стратегии России в отношении республик Центральной Азии для обеспечения собственной национальной безопасности и нейтрализации усилий НАТО на евразийском пространстве.
Научно-практическая значимость статьи заключается в выявлении зон возможного взаимовыгодного взаимодействия России и стран Центральной Азии в условиях мировой конфронтации, поскольку три государства – Казахстан, Кыргызстан и Таджикистан являются членами ОДКБ и ЕАЭС (за исключением Таджикистана), что налагает на них обязательства договорного характера.
Основные методы научного исследования, использованные в статье, являются общенаучными – логического анализа, системный и сравнительный. Методология основывается на системном подходе к анализу международных отношений, который позволяет дать комплексную оценку всем разновекторным процессам в различных подсистемах.
NEW TRENDS IN REGIONAL INTEGRATION AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL ASIA
Authors: Kukeyeva F.T , Baisalbek O.A , Ziyabekova A.Zh.
Published: February 2025

Integration is one of the most important aspects in contemporary international relations. In the context of constantly changing geopolitical and geoeconomic situations, new global and regional integration trends that affect the foreign policy strategies of states are emerging. Nowadays, regionalization can be considered one of the main trends in international relations due to a variety of socio-economic factors: the changing role of certain regions in global politics, the current regional labor division and the existing common cultural identity of regional ethnic communities. There is no question that the strengthening of regional cooperation and integration is crucial to the accomplishment of political, military, and environmental security as well as the long-term and sustainable economic prosperity of the area.
The authors of this article present their opinion on the impact of new cooperation/integration trends in Central Asia. The issues raised in the article are analyzed through the prism of theories that explain the nature of new integration trends. The possibility of the Central Asian states to adapt to the new conditions of integration is associated with the methodological problems of interaction between states in the face of new opportunities. In order to attain the objectives of economic growth, modernisation, and country development, regional cooperation is objectively necessary for Central Asia. The development of regional unity among the Central Asian nations is the primary means of preventing disintegration of the area.
ОҢТҮСТІК КОРЕЯ МЕН ҚАЗАҚСТАН АРАСЫНДАҒЫ ҚАТЫНАСТАРДЫҢ ДАМУ ЖАҒДАЙЫНДАҒЫ КОРЕЙ ТОЛҚЫНЫ
Authors: Байчигашева Д.Д. , Сауданбекова Ш.Т.
Published: February 2025

Әлем бойынша «Корей толқынының» құбылысы бүгінде ерекше танымалдылыққа ие. Халлюдің дүниеге келуімен Корея өмірінің жаңа кезеңіне аяқ басты. Елдің мәдени дамуы саласында жүргізілген зерттеулер «Корей толқынының» ел экономикасына даусыз әсерін көрсетті.
            1998 жылы орын алған тоқырауға қарамастан, Оңтүстік Корея экономикалық дағдарыстан жылдам шығудың жолын таба алды. «Soft power» механизмін тиімді қолдана отырып, өзінің мәдениетіне деген қызығушылықты арттыра түсті. Нәтижесінде Кореяның бюджеті сәтті толықтырыла бастады. «Жұмсақ күш» механизмінің арқасында Оңтүстік Корея жаһандық танымалдыққа ие. Сонымен қатар, экономикасы жоғары қатарлы елдердің бірі болып табылады.
            Мақаланың мақсаты «Халлю» құбылысын және оның еліміздің әлеуметтік-экономикалық өміріне әсерін зерттеу болды. Зерттеу барысында «Корей толқынының» пайда болуының ерекшеліктерімен, даму үрдістері талдау жасалынды. «Жұмсақ күш» механизмінің Оңтүстік Корея экономикасына деген ықпалы анықталды. 
            Жұмыстың зерттеу әдістері ретінде талдау, дедукция, синтез, салыстырмалы және аналитикалық тәсілдерді пайдалана отырып жүргізілді. Сондай-ақ, зерттеу тақырыбына байланысты түрлі  ғылыми еңбектер мен мақалалар қарастырылып, БАҚ пен интернет желісінде жарияланған соңғы қолжетімді материалдармен ақпараттар сараланды.  Эмпирикалық талдаулар арқылы «Корей толқынының» негізгі бағыттарымен Корея өміріндегі өзгерістер мен оның экономикасының мүлде жаңа деңгейге шығуы арасындағы үздіксіз байланысы зерттелді. Зерттеу жұмысында «Корей толқыны» феноменінің  мақсаты Оңтүстік Кореяның ұлттық брендін дамыту және тарату үшін пайдаланылатын жұмсақ күш саясаты ретінде талданды. Сонымен қатар, мысал ретінде, Қазақстандағы кореялық «soft power» механизмінің ықпалының әсері қарастырылды.
            «Халлю» құбылысының Қазақстанмен Оңтүстік Корея мемлекетінің арасындағы қарым-қатынасқа тигізген әсері  сипатталды.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE CENTRAL ASIAN REGION: THE PATH TO REGIONAL INTEGRATION?
Authors: Maltabarov A.A. , Sarybayev M.S.
Published: February 2025

The practice of integrated application of digital technologies and platform solutions is most clearly reflected in the digital transformation of economic and political spheres in the country. The study of the issue of digital transformation in the Central Asian Region (CAR) countries allows us to assess the effect of changes and prospects for further transformations. In this regard, the article aims to assess the development of such a phenomenon as digital transformation in international relations.
The scientific significance of this article is to determine the impact of digital technologies on various international political and economic processes in the region. Finally, the article analyzes the process of transformation of the integration idea of the CAR countries under the influence of digitalization. In this study, an attempt is made to retrospectively assess the prerequisites for the use of electronic network tools.
The practical significance of the work is to analyze the degree of penetration of digital transformation in the CAR countries. Special emphasis is placed on foreign experience in regulating and using the political dimension of digital technologies. The research team of authors seeks to contribute to the literature on comparative regionalism. Since modern authors have little studied the issue of the practice of using digital technologies, especially in the political discourse of the CAR countries. Theoretical and methodological analysis of scientific literature provided an opportunity for scientific understanding of digital transformation.
The methodological basis of the study allowed us to determine the features of the digital environment and formulate its main prospects. The emergence of new hotbeds of instability and tension in different parts of the post-Soviet space increases interest in the topics of crisis resolution. We believe that the search for answers to the questions posed in the framework of the study leads to an increase in the relevance of the topic of digital transformation of the region.
ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ РОССИИ И КАЗАХСТАНА В ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЕ
Authors: Мовкебаева Г.А. , Аужанова А.Р , Садид А
Published: February 2025

В данной статье рассматривается влияние взаимодействия России и Казахстана в образовательной сфере на перспективу дальнейшего развития казахстанской системы высшего образования. Основной целью статьи является выделение существующих внутренних и внешних причин оттока казахстанских студентов на обучение в ведущие ВУЗы Российской Федерации и условия их возвращения в Республику Казахстан для организации профессиональной деятельности на ее территории. Кроме того, в рамках статьи приводится краткая характеристика нормативно-правой базы регулирования сотрудничества между РФ и РК в сфере получения образования, отражающаяся в нескольких международных соглашениях. Приводится обоснование необходимости дальнейшего взаимодействия России и Казахстана в образовательной сфере, заключающаяся в получении знаний по специальностям, обучение которым не предусматривается в учебных программах ВУЗов Республики Казахстан, но эти специалисты востребованы на казахстанском рынке труда. В связи с этим сотрудничество в области образования должно быть направлено на обмен знаниями и опытом в тех областях, которые наиболее важны для развития страны. Кроме того, в статье указывается, что необходимо усилить юридическую базу для регулирования сотрудничества в области образования между Россией и Казахстаном. Существующие международные соглашения должны быть дополнены новыми, которые учитывают современные тенденции в развитии образования и удовлетворяют потребности обеих стран. В целом, сотрудничество между Россией и Казахстаном в образовательной сфере имеет большое значение для обеих стран. Обмен знаниями и опытом, а также создание условий для привлечения талантливых студентов и удержания их на родине, позволят обеспечить будущее развитие казахстанской системы высшего образования и повысить уровень квалификации казахстанских специалистов.
CONFLICTING PLURALISMS IN CARIBBEAN SOCIETY: Christian and non-Christian Views Of The Other
Authors: Raghunath Mahabir
Published: February 2025

The Caribbean region is perhaps the most culturally diverse of world civilizations.  In this cauldron of conflict and creativity are descendants of the First Peoples, (Caribs and Arawaks, among others) African slaves and free persons, Indian indentured workers, Chinese, Portuguese,  Jews, Syrians, Lebanese and Arabs, to name the major groups.  Each sector came here with different philosophical beliefs rooted in their cultural experiences and these have persisted over the centuries despite the deliberate efforts by the European conquerors to impose a Western Christian ontology onto conquered peoples and on later settlers.  Colonialism was not just economic domination; it was equally the imposition of a value system which denigrated anything that was not European and Christian.  In our own time because of their control of the electronic media, these Western values continue to dominate our airspace and our minds.  At the same time, the non-European, non-Christian sections of the heritage continue to seek their space, often in direct opposition to the imposed Western systems.
      This paper will trace the ideological origins of this cultural clash and its continued salience in our own time.  It will trace the growth of the Western, Christian ethic from its early beginnings in Europe to the French Revolution and its separation of the Church from the State.  It will also trace the separate origins and beliefs of non-Christian, non-Western immigrants to the Caribbean.  Among these were the Africans who brought Islam and traditional beliefs such as Shango, Rastafari and syncretic faiths such as Afro-West Baptist belief.  There was also the South Asian connection which brought Hinduism and South Asian Islam.  During the 20th century and even in the early twentieth -first century, other versions of non-Christian beliefs were added from North America and the Middle East, adding to the complexity of Caribbean religiosity.  The paper will end with an advocacy for a deeper intra-Caribbean appreciation of the religious Other in a predominantly Western Judeo-Christian environment so that many of the tensions which now exist can come closer to a peaceful resolution
США и Китай в контексте деятельности частных военных компаний
Authors: Юй Чжочао
Published: February 2025

В августе текущего года при крушении бизнес-джета Embraer 600 над Тверской областью в России погиб самой известной основатель частных военных компаний (ЧВК) Евгений Пригожин, в результате события, связанные с «Вагнер», снова привлекли мировое внимание к основной деятельностью ЧВК. Факты показали, что за последние более тридцати лет ЧВК играли все более важную роль в локальных войнах и региональных конфликтах, в том числе в специальной военной операции ВС РФ на Украине. Однако, феномен ЧВК – довольно спорная и неоднозначная тема. В этой статье речь идет об причинах возникновения ЧВК и анализируются их характеристики. В процессе исследования мы увидим, что корпоративная культура ЧВК при поддержке правительства США нельзя недооценивать, хотя они все ещё испытывают немало сложностей в своем развитии. Безусловно, что их опыт нужно изучать и применять для решения многих проблем, в частности, обеспечения безопасности работающих китайцев и китайских компаний за рубежом.
POLITICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECT OF THE IDEAS DIALOGICAL ETHICS
Authors: Hesse R
Published: February 2025

To find an answer to the role of dialogical ethics in the philosophical and political aspect, we used an interdisciplinary approach, analyzing the work of K.O. Appel “Ethics and the Theory of Rationality: Selected essays”, who developed its main provisions. It is shown that dialogic ethics is based on global and universal characteristics.  Dialogic ethics is one of the diplomatic tools and a mechanism for conflict resolution in world politics and international relations.  It is determined that communication and means of language play an essential role in dialogic ethics, when there is an exchange of opinions, consultations, discussions, negotiations, meetings on problems of world politics and international relations, reflection and reflection in the form of finding ways to solve a particular situation.  It is proved that dialogic ethics, using morality and law as forms of regulation of the international political process, can solve the problems of relations between states, but the philosophy of power, the desire for it, taking into account the difference between states and the political elite, taking into account the increasing geopolitical competition, cannot always overcome and solve the problem.
A pan-dialectal survey of the Horpa preinitial systems
Authors: Honkasalo Sami , Gates Jesse P.
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a pan-dialectal synchronic survey and documentation of preinitials in the Horpa cluster (West Gyalrongic). Based on fieldwork and analysis of earlier Horpa scholarship, the study not only describes the preinitial systems of ten Horpa varieties covering all proposed branches of the Horpa cluster of West Gyalrongic, but it also identifies four key parameters of variation in the preinitial systems, namely the presence or absence of 1. guttural, 2. sigmatic, and 3. liquid contrasts in addition to the presence and absence of 4. weakened semivowel preinitials. The study contributes to the ongoing documentation and analysis of Horpa varieties, many of which are now endangered. Due to the phonological conservatism of the Gyalrongic languages, the Horpa preinitialed consonant clusters have the potential to offer insights and new perspectives for the investigation of Sino-Tibetan diachronic phonology.
A Persistent Burden: Global Prevalence of and Changes in Anaemia by Country Income in Children Aged 6–59 Months (2000–2019)
Authors: Eltayeb Reem , Binsaleh Naif , Barnawi Heba , M.Ali Reem , Kanwal Raheela , R.Alyahyawi Amjad
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Anaemia is a major health concern worldwide. A comprehensive analysis of the global prevalence of anaemia is essential for creating suitable strategies to achieve global disease control goals. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of and changes in anaemia in children on a global scale. The results were stratified by country income.

Material and methods

We analysed the prevalence of anaemia among children aged 6–59 months in 189 countries from 2000 to 2019 using data collected by the WHO. We compared this prevalence with the income earned by each country in 2022. Finally, we calculated the changes in each country’s anaemia burden throughout the study period.

Results

: In 2019, 33.7% of children aged 6–59 months were anaemic globally, compared to 39.8% in 2000. In 2019, the prevalence of anaemia in children exceeded 70% in 11 countries. Anaemia prevalence differed across geographic regions, with the highest incidences observed in Africa and Southern Asia. Our analysis indicated a highly significant association between prevalence of anaemia and country income (p < 0.001). This significance was persistent throughout the study period. The greatest decline in anaemia prevalence was observed between 2000 and 2010.

Conclusions

The highest incidence of anaemia was noticed in low-income countries. Progress in reducing anaemia among children aged 6–59 months was observed globally, regionally, and in almost every country. Nevertheless, the prevalence of anaemia in children remains significant.
The European Union’s Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Policy. The Role of the Small Business Act for Europe
Authors:   WSB Merito University Poznań, Kuczewska Joanna , Nawrocka Agnieszka ,   Board Member of Aurora Group, Tomaszewski Tomasz ,   Department of International Economics and Economic Development  Faculty of Economics, University of Gdańsk from 2018-2024 Currently, the Model Validator Quantitative Analyst at UBS
Published: February 2025

Entrepreneurship support policy is a fundamental component of the European Union's economic strategy, emphasizing the crucial role of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Representing 99% of businesses in the EU, SMEs contribute significantly to job creation, innovation, and economic growth. Initially, efforts to support SMEs were fragmented and implemented at the national level. However, since the 1990s, alongside the deepening of economic integration and the establishment of the Single Market, the EU has adopted more coordinated initiatives to improve the business environment.
This article addresses two central research questions: first, how has the EU’s SME support policy evolved, and what impact have its programs and actions had on enhancing the business environment for SMEs? Second, how effectively do programs like the Small Business Act for Europe (SBA) - a key component of the SME Performance Review - monitor and promote improvements in SME business conditions across Member States?
Using a combination of literature review, analysis of key EU documents, and econometric modelling based on 22 explanatory variables, the study evaluates the progress of EU policies. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression was employed with a 5% significance level. The findings highlight the role of SBA in guiding national efforts and enhancing the coherence of SME policies across the EU.
Analytic Approach for ICT Embedded in Technical Education
Authors: Sunday Olojuolawe Rufus
Published: February 2025

The importance of Information and Communication Technology in driving the overall development of the global space is undeniable. Developed economies have been able to accelerate their growth and progress in this century through their advanced usage of technology. The integration of Information and Communication Technology tools has greatly enhanced research and educational development in these countries. However, Nigeria’s Technical Education programme seems to be facing challenges in this aspect. Despite the nation’s quest for technological advancement, it is evident that there is a need for improvement in this field to fully utilize the potential of Information and Communication Technology. The meta-analysis conducted on the journal articles regarding Information and Communication Technology adoption in technical education between 2012 and 2024 reveals that Nigeria and Africa are facing significant challenges in adopting this technology. The study, which was conducted using Google Scholar as the database, included 26 publications after applying the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings of the study suggest that most researchers tend to focus on review studies without providing any specific recommendations for improving the adoption of Information and Communication Technology tool in Technical Education. This highlights the need for further research and efforts to fully integrate this technology into technical education in Nigeria and Africa.
La creación de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Perú: Un avance esencial en la formación científica, la salud pública y la salud ambiental de la región amazónica
Authors: Gutiérrez-Arce Walter Julian , Puicón-Niño-de-Guzmán Víctor Humberto
Published: February 2025

El 17 de diciembre de 2024, la Asamblea Universitaria de la Universidad Nacional de San Martín, ejecutando el artículo 115° de su Estatuto Institucional, aprobó la Creación de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, sosteniendo como horizonte la Ley N° 31151 (1), Ley de Trabajo del Profesional de la Salud Médico Veterinario publicada en el Diario Oficial El Peruano el 31 de marzo de 2021, y la estrategia One Health o Una Sola Salud, promovidas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (2), la Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal (OIE) y la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación (FAO), constituyéndose un acontecimiento trascendental para la formación de profesionales altamente capacitados en la salud animal, en la producción de alimento de origen animal, en la vigilancia de la salud pública y ambiental, y, como parte inherente a su sentido universitario, la búsqueda de la verdad a través de la investigación científica. Este nuevo espacio académico no solo responde a las necesidades locales de una región rica en biodiversidad, recursos naturales y actividades agropecuarias, sino que también ofrece oportunidades para fortalecer la investigación científica en campos fundamentales como la salud animal, la salud pública, la seguridad alimentaria y la conservación ambiental, en un país cuya economía depende en gran medida de la agricultura y la ganadería, abriendo un abanico de oportunidades para el progreso de la región amazónica del Perú.
Forecast of the appearance and spread of the ringed forest tent moth in the gardens of the region
Authors:   RosNIISK Rossorgo, Astashov Alexander , Budarina Vera , Pronudin Kirill , Suchkova Maria , Babushkin Denis
Published: February 2025

110 species of harmful insects have been identified in the Saratov region, of which 90 species are on the apple tree. The most vicious pest is the ringed forest tent moth. In cases of mass reproduction of the ringed forest tent moth, the fruit yield dies or is sharply reduced, even with a relatively small number of pests, the damage is significant. Thus, the fight against the ringed forest tent moth in gardens is necessary. According to the conducted studies, the timing of the appearance of the phases of the ontogenesis of the ringed forest tent moth has been established, depending on the accumulation of average daily positive temperatures. Based on the data obtained, a phenoclimogram was developed to clarify the specific timing of the development of the ringed forest tent moth in the gardens of the region. The research revealed the presence of the pest on the most common apple tree varieties in the region and studied the spread of eggs in orchards during the winter phase. Pest control methods have been developed, and the high effectiveness of the bacterial drug Lepidocide has been revealed. The most effective combination of Lepidocide with a sublethal additive in this drug is 1/20 of the consumption rate of the pyrethroid drug Decisa.

Keywords: APPLE TREE, ORCHARD, FOREST TENT MOTH, BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS, GARDEN TREATMENTS
The Anti-Aging Properties Of Panax Ginseng: A Narrative Review Of Mechanisms And Clinical Evidence
Authors: Ayu Silfia Budiasih Komang , Eka Handrean Gede
Published: February 2025

Aging is a complex physiological process influenced by various factors including oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular damage. Natural compounds, particularly Panax ginseng, have garnered significant interest in traditional medicine for their anti-aging potential. This study aims to comprehensively review the anti-aging properties of P. ginseng, examining its traditional applications, molecular mechanisms, and clinical evidence. A narrative review methodology was employed, analyzing data from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, incorporating both traditional knowledge and contemporary scientific research. Results demonstrate that P. ginseng exhibits significant anti-aging effects through multiple pathways: antioxidant activity, cellular regeneration enhancement, and collagen synthesis stimulation. Ginsenosides, the primary bioactive compounds, show particular efficacy in reducing oxidative stress and supporting cognitive function. However, challenges persist in standardizing clinical applications due to variations in ginsenoside content and study methodologies. While current evidence supports P. ginseng's therapeutic potential, standardized clinical trials are essential to establish optimal dosing protocols and evaluate long-term safety.  Future research should address drug interactions and efficacy across diverse populations.
İlaç Lojistiğinde Dış Kaynak Kullanım Uygulamaları ve Taraflar Arası İletişim Problemleri
Authors: Özkan Mehmet Mustafa
Published: February 2025

İlacın tıbbi ve toplumsal nitelikli bir ürün olması sebebiyle, ilaç lojistiğinin süreçleri diğer ürün gruplarına nazaran daha fazla prosedürel operasyon gerektirmektedir. Özellikle soğuk zincir ürünlerin, soğuk zinciri kırılmadan hastaya ulaştırılması ve miyadi özellikleri nedeniyle geri çekilebilmesi prosedürel işlemlerin takibini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Ülkelerde yerel otoritelerin ilaç lojistiği konusundaki hassasiyeti, yukarıda belirtilen durumları, yerel otorite olarak kontrol altında tutma zaruretinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Ülkemizde, İlaç Takip Sisteminin (ITS) uygulamaya geçirilmesi ile kupür sahteciliğini önleme ve ilacın nihai kullanıcıya güvenli bir şekilde ulaşması sağlanmıştır.
Bu makalede; ilacın güvenliğini sağlayacak şekilde ürün sevkiyatlarını yapan ilaç lojistik firmalarının operasyonlarından bahsedilerek, dış kaynak kullanımı olarak ilaç lojistiğini devreden firmalar ile devralan firmalar arasındaki iletişimin rolüne yer verilmiştir.
The Impact of Digital Transformation on International Trade
Authors: Sönmezay Mine
Published: February 2025

The digital transformation tools improve the internal management of enterprises and contributes to their basic business performance. Studies have shown that as a result of the correct adaptation of innovative technologies, more efficient results have begun to be obtained in all procesgeneral business processes. The aim of this research is to contribute to the literature by exploring the advantages and disadvantages of the application of digital technologies and by revealing the issues that entrepreneurs and academics who want to digitalize in international trade should consider in their studies. A qualitative research method was used in the research and the results obtained from the studies in the relevant literature and the effects of this transformation on international trade were compiled. There is a consensus in the literature that the use of blockchain, artificial intelligence and internet of things applications in international trade will increase the costs of businesses. However, in addition to its many positive effects, it has also been stated that international standards should be established in the use of these technologies. The theoretical importance of this study lies in the fact that no study has been found on the application of digital transformation tools such as blockchain, AI and IoT to international trade.
DIGITAL MARKETING CHANNELS: BASIC METHODS AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Durucasu Remzi Reha
Published: February 2025

With the advancement of digitalization day by day, the importance of the concept of digital marketing for businesses is increasing. Businesses that use appropriate digital marketing channels within the scope of digital marketing, which is defined as all marketing activities carried out in digital environments, can successfully fulfill their marketing strategies. In this article, which was created as a review study, a narrative literature review was conducted to express the current channels that can be handled within the scope of digital marketing. The aim of this study is to express the current digital marketing channels that businesses can currently use and that can contribute to businesses. Accordingly, ten digital marketing channels, namely email marketing, affiliate marketing, search engine optimization, search engine marketing, content marketing, mobile marketing, social media marketing, influencer marketing, video marketing and artificial intelligence, have been identified within the scope of the study. While digital marketing channels offer many benefits such as building brand loyalty, ensuring customer satisfaction, personalizing data, and accelerating the sales process, they also have some challenges such as competitive pressure, various security issues and unexpected technical failures. In addition, it is possible to get more contribution from these channels by integrating digital marketing channels within the scope of omnichannel marketing. As a result of the study, businesses are recommended to use a model that can be created by integrating digital marketing channels.
ÇALIŞMAYAN EV HANIMLARININ SÜPERMARKET MARKA TERCİHLERİ VE SÜPERMARKET SEÇİMİNE ETKİLERİ
Authors: Hemzeyev Behruz , Akgün Serkan
Published: February 2025

Bu çalışma, Azerbaycan'ın başkenti Bakü'de yaşayan ve çalışmayan ev kadınlarının marka seçimi ve market alışverişlerini etkileyen faktörleri incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada, 407 ev kadını örneklem olarak seçilmiş ve bu grup üzerinden çeşitli demografik veriler, satın alma davranışları, marka tercihlerine etki eden unsurlar ve alışveriş alışkanlıkları analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın temel hedefi, çalışmayan ev kadınlarının alışveriş tercihlerini yönlendiren faktörleri belirlemek ve bu faktörlerin sosyo-ekonomik ve kültürel değişkenlerle İlişkisini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma, anket ve derinlemesine görüşme yöntemleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, fiyat, kalite, ürün çeşitliliği ve markanın bilinirliğinin, ev kadınlarının alışveriş tercihlerinde önemli rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, aile yapısı, gelir düzeyi ve kişisel deneyimlerin de marka seçiminde etkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, çalışma, Bakü'de yaşayan çalışmayan ev kadınlarının tüketim alışkanlıklarını daha iyi anlamayı ve bu bilgiler doğrultusunda pazarlama stratejileri geliştirmeyi hedeflemektedir. Araştırma sonuçları, marketlerin ve markaların, ev kadınlarının ihtiyaç ve beklentilerine daha uygun ürün ve hizmetler sunarak müşteri memnuniyetini artırabileceğini göstermektedir.
HOW CHILDREN WITH DIFFERENT DIALECTS NAVIGATED UNCERTAIN LANGUAGE IN A STATISTICS INVESTIGATION
Authors: THATTE MITALI , MAKAR KATIE , NIMKAR NILESH
Published: February 2025

Language, culture, and conceptions of uncertainty can impact the way that students respond to a statistical investigation. The aim of this small exploratory study was to gain insight into how two groups of children (aged 9-12) speaking different home dialects adopted expressions of uncertainty in a standard dialect used in school, specifically the use of the Marathi word for “about.” One group of children went to a government school where the home dialect differed from the standard dialect, while a second group attended a relatively elite private school where children spoke the standard dialect at home. Our findings suggest that children from both groups did not spontaneously use the word “about” while describing data even when nudged by the researcher to do so, though the children from the second group were more quickly able to adopt the word and use it in the way the researchers expected. The findings have the potential of exploring and impacting the influences of language on the learning of statistics in a non-Western culture.
Analisis Sistem Pendukung Keputusan dalam Penentuan Pemilihan Asisten Laboratorium Komputer Menggunakan Metode Electre
Authors: Dewi Arie Rafika , Sembiring Boni Oktaviana , Sinaga Tantri Hidayati , Rahayu Eka
Published: February 2025

Penyaringan atau seleksi asisten laboratorium (aslab) yang dilakukan oleh pihak kampus masih mengalami hambatan karena proses seleksi asisten laboratorium seringkali dilakukan secara subjektif, bergantung pada penilaian langsung dari dosen atau pengelola laboratorium. Hal tersebut dapat menimbulkan terhadap kualitas aslab yang diterima sehingga berdampak menurunnya pemahaman dan ketrampilan mahasiswa terhadap mata kuliah tertentu. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membantu pihak kampus dalam menentukan pengambilan keputusan dalam pemilihan  mahasisawa yang  sesuai untuk menjadi aslab dengan menggunakan metode Electre. Kriteria yang akan digunakan dalam pemilihan aslab dengan metode Electre yaitu IPK, nilai test tertulis, nilai test wawancara, microteaching dan sertifikat pendukung. Hasil yang di dapatkan dengan menggunakan metode Electre untuk pengambil keputusan calon asisten laboratorium berdasarkan kritria yang telah di tentukan didapatkanlah tiga calon yang lulus dengan memiliki nilai 1 yang lebih sedikit dari calon yang lainnya, dengan adanya metode Electre dapat membantu pihak kampus dalam menentukan pemilihan asisten laboratorium komputer secara efektif dan efesien.
Estimasi Biaya Reklamasi pada Kegiatan Eksplorasi Penambangan Sirtu PT. XYZ di Kampung Prafi Provinsi Papua Barat.
Authors: Sari Ceni Febi Kurnia , Supardi Supardi , Syabriyana Maliya , Febrina Wetri , Triyanto Bambang
Published: February 2025

Kampung Prafi, Distrik Manokwari Selatan, Kabupaten Manokwari, Provinsi Papua Barat. Pertambangan merupakan penyumbang terbesar bagi Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Kabupaten Manokwari, terutama dari penambangan batuan sirtu, karena banyaknya sungai di daerah ini. Potensi penambangan sirtu sangat besar dan dapat dikelola oleh perusahaan tambang lokal untuk memenuhi kebutuhan infrastruktur di Manokwari dan permintaan dari luar wilayah. Namun, kegiatan penambangan dapat mengganggu lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, PT. XYZ yang bergerak dalam penambangan sirtu di Kampung Prafi akan melakukan estimasi biaya untuk perbaikan lingkungan pasca-penambangan, atau reklamasi tambang. Estimasi biaya reklamasi tambang batuan di PT. XYZ mencakup perhitungan rinci biaya langsung dan tidak langsung untuk menentukan bentuk revegetasi. Tujuannya adalah agar program reklamasi lahan pasca-tambang batuan pada kegiatan eksplorasi di PT. XYZ dapat diketahui secara rinci dan terpercaya, serta dilakukan sesuai dengan peraturan pemerintah yang berlaku.
Penerapan Metode MAUT dalam Pemilihan Peminatan pada Program Studi Teknik Informatika
Authors: Arief Budiman  , Lestari Yuyun Dwi , Eka Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Peminatan merupakan suatu hal yang wajib dimiliki mahasiswa khususnya pada semester 5 program studi Teknik Informatika. Dengan menentukan peminatan seorang mahasiswa, maka mahasiswa dapat fokus pada bidang penguasaan ilmunya dalam menyelesaikan tugas akhirnya di kemudian hari. Terdapat 3 peminatan pada program studi Teknik Informatika yaitu Multimedia & Computer Vision, Jaringan Komputer & Sistem Informasi, Robotika dan Sistem Cerdas. Dari 3 peminatan tersebut, mahasiswa harus memilih salah satu yang sesuai dengan kemampuan dan bakatnya. Tujuannya agar mahasiswa dapat fokus menyelesaikan tugas akhirnya di kemudian hari dan dapat mengembangkan ilmunya di bidang tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membantu mahasiswa dan program studi dalam menentukan alternatif pemilihan peminatan sesuai mata kuliah yang berkaitan dengan peminatan masing-masing. Sistem Pendukung Keputusan merupakan suatu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk memilih alternatif dari spesialisasi tersebut dengan menerapkan metode Multi Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT). Adapun hasil yang diperoleh, Jaringan Komputer & Sistem Informasi menduduki peringkat 1 dengan nilai 0,545, Multimedia & Computer Vision menduduki peringkat 2 dengan nilai 0,336, Robotika dan Sistem Cerdas menduduki peringkat 3 dengan nilai 0,333.
Matematiksel Görselleştirme ve Pyhton Analizi ile Bediüzzaman’ın Sekizinci Söz Eserinin Kavramlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: Er Ülkü
Published: February 2025

This study aims to examine Bediuzzaman Said Nursi's Eighth Word through mathematical methodology and pedagogical implications. This work addresses the relationship between the transience of life (mortal life) and its permanence (eternal life) and guides individuals to make sense of life based on these thoughts. In the study, mathematical techniques such as time series analysis, expected value modeling, and graphical visualization as well as pedagogical strategies such as concept maps and dramatization were used. The findings show that the Eighth Word supports critical thinking and concretization skills of abstract concepts beyond developing individuals' spiritual values.
Keywords: The Eighth Word, mathematical modeling, time series analysis, concept maps.