bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gynoecial morphology and funicular germination plugs in the Nolanaceae
Authors: Bondeson Wolmar E.
Published: March 2008

In Nolana humifusa (Gouan) Johnst. and N. paradoxa Lindl, five carpel primordia unite by their thin margins to form the gynoecium wall. An ovule primordium is initiated in each of a maximum of six depressions, formed in the adaxial surface of each carpel primordium. The depressions become deeper, each developing into a duct that ends in an ovule chamber, which is a uniovulate locellus. The locellus is delimited by a ventral carpellary epidermis except at its lower adaxial part, where the ovule is invaginated on a short funicle from its own placenta.

Periclinal cell divisions in the subsurface layers of the floral apex form a receptacular column, which grows in continuity with the lower adaxial parts of the carpel primordia; the upper parts of the carpel primordia face the five‐radiate “common cavity” inside the gynoecium wall. At anthesis this cavity is filled with stylar and ovarian transmitting tissue. The latter forms five “wings” that downward are continuous with wings of the receptacular column and which together with them radiate between the five carpels. True septa are not formed.

In N. humifusa a plurilocellate mericarp originates from each carpel primordium. In N. paradoxa longitudinal unilocellate portions of each plurilocellate carpel primordium develop independently into “carpel‐lobes”, the bulging lower parts of which mature into unilocellate mericarps. In both species the funicle develops into a germination plug.

The locellar organization described is a common feature of the Nolanaceae. The formation of invariably uniovulate placentae in pluriovulate carpels is the basic innovation of the family.
Trichome anatomy and taxonomy of Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae)
Authors: Gornall R. J.
Published: March 2008

Trichomes on flower pedicels and leaves were examined in 213 species of Saxifraga L. and in the monotypic, segregate genera Zahlbrucknera Reichenb., Saxifragella Engl., Saxifragodes D. M. Moore and Saxifragopsis Small. Pedicel trichomes were found to be better taxonomic characters than foliar ones. Six main trichome types were identified: i) multiseriate, glandular; ii) uniseriate, glandular; iii) sessile, multicellular, glandular; iv) multiseriate, eglandular; v) uniseriate, eglandular; vi) unicellular, eglandular. The different types were distributed (except in certain species) on pedicels as follows. Multiseriate, glandular types occur in four series of Saxifraga sect. Micranthes (Haw.) D. Don, part of sect. Gymnopera D. Don, and in sects Ciliatae Haw., Trachyphyllum Gaudin, Xanthizoon Griseb., Ligulatae Haw., Porophyllum Gaudin, Porphyrion Tausch and Irregulares Haw. They also occur in the genus Saxifragopsis. Uniseriate, glandular types occur in five series of Saxifraga sect. Micranthes, part of sect. Gymnopera and Irregulares, and in sects. Miscopetalum (Haw.) Sternb., Cymbalaria, Griseb. Tridactylites (Haw.) Engl., Saxifraga and Stoloniferae Haw. They also occur in the genus Zahlbrucknera. Eglandular, multicellular trichomes occur occasionally in Saxifraga sects Micranthes and Gymnopera, more frequently in sects Ciliatae and Ligulatae, and are ubiquitous in sects Xanthizoon, Porophyllum and Porphyrion. Eglandular, unicellular trichomes occur only in Saxifragopsis and Saxifragodes. Sessile, glandular trichomes occur in a group of species from Saxifraga sect. Stoloniferae. Saxifragella is glabrous. This taxonomic distribution of trichome types generally supports Engler's classification of the genus, and is compatible with other evidence from palynology, embryology and seed morphology. The taxonomic disposition of the few exceptional species is discussed.
Taxonomic significance of leaf anatomy in Australasian Iridaceae
Authors: Rudall Paula
Published: March 2008

Descriptions are presented of the leaf anatomy of five of the six native genera of Iridaceae: Diplarrhena Labill., Isophysis T. Moore, Libertia Spreng., Orthrosanthus Sw. and Patersonia R. Br, ex Ker‐Gawl. Interesting anatomical features include the marginal projections which occur in leaves of some species of Patersonia, and the many examples of xeromorphy such as sclerenchyma completely encircling the phloem in some species of Patersonia. Stomatal development conforms to the type usually found in Iridaceae, except in Diplarrhena, which has perigene cells. Each genus has a characteristic combination of leaf anatomical features, showing the closest similarity between Libertia and Diplarrhena on the one hand, and between Orthrosanthus, Patersonia and Isophysis on the other.
On the presence of elastoviscin in all subfamilies of the Orchidaceae and the homology to pollenkitt
Authors: Schill R. , Wolter M.
Published: March 2008

Elastoviscin is newly described for the most primitive subfamily of the Orchidaceae, the Apostasioideae. The characteristics of pollenkitt and elastoviscin are compared. Both substances are highly related. The present data are used to develope some thoughts on a possible evolution of elastoviscin in the Orchidaceae. We draw the conclusion that elastoviscin could be regarded as pollenkitt until more data are available.
Classification of some North Norwegian forest types
Authors: Mehus Harald
Published: March 2008

The vegetation in 19 selected forest stands in N Norway north of Saltfjellet mountains have been described and classified. Two different classification methods have been used: An ordinary phytosociological classification, and an automatic, unweighted classification. The two methods give very similar results. All the investigated forests belong in the class Vaccinio‐Piceetea. Some differences from South Norway seem to exist, e.g. Empetrum hermaphroditum and Vaccinium uliginosum are in the present investigation regarded as regional characteristic species of the class. The associations Barbilophozio‐Pinetum and Eu‐Piceetum are treated in some detail. Barbilophozio‐Pinetum is divided into three variants: a “continental” variant without Calluna vulgaris, a “Rhacomitrium” and a “Piceetum” variant with dominance of Calluna vulgaris. The two former variants are clearly to be classified as belonging in Cladonio‐Vaccinietalia, while Vaccinio‐Piceetalia species are abundant in the “Piceetum” variant. The syntaxonomic position of this variant is uncertain. The material does not support a subdivision of Eu‐Piceetum into a Myrtilletosum and a Dryopteridetosum subassociation in N Norway.
Studies in the lichen family Collemataceae V. Notes on some interesting Collema species
Authors: Degelius Gunnar
Published: March 2008

The new Collema flagellatum Degel. from Peru is described. Collema furfureolum Müll. Arg. is recorded as new to Europe (Italy, Greece). Phytogeographically interesting finds of various taxa of Collema, from extra‐European areas, are published.
Protoperidinium (Dinophyceae) from Greece as seen by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Economou‐Amilli Athina
Published: March 2008

The marine dinoflagellates Protoperidinium ventricum (Abé) Balech, P. diaholus (Cleve) Balech, P. tristylum (Stein) Balech and P. divergens (Ehrenberg) Balech, collected from neritic plankton of the gulfs of Saronikos and Korinthiakos, Greece, have been examined by SEM. Morphological characteristics of their thecae are described and evaluated. Results are compared with patterns established by earlier SEM studies on related taxa.
Four new species of Calathea (Marantaceae) from French Guiana
Authors: Andersson Lennart , Kennedy Helen
Published: March 2008

Four new species are described: Calathea erecta, C. dilabens, C. granvillei, and C. squarrosa, based on material from French Guiana. Calathea erecta and C. granvillei are known also from the central Amazon Basin. Calathea squarrosa probably also occurs in Surinam. Calathea dilabens is presently known only from French Guiana, but probably occurs in adjacent Brazil and Surinam. A tentative key is provided to the species of Calathea known to occur in French Guiana.
Parapedinella reticulata gen. et sp. nov. (Chrysophyceae) from Danish waters
Authors: Pedersen Steffen Mariager , Beech Peter Luke , Thomsen Helge Abildhauge
Published: March 2008

Parapedinella reticulata gen. et sp. nov. (Chrysophyceae) is described on the basis of light microscopy of living material, and also by means of electron microscopy of shadowcast whole mounts prepared from water samples collected in 1981 at some Danish brackish water localities. Additional information is provided by material from a marine habitat in southern Australia. The new taxon comprises small, colourless flagellates possessing a single projecting flagellum which carries tripartite hairs. The membrane of the flagellum is expanded into a sheath which is supported along the edge by a paraxial rod. The cells are covered with delicate scales and possess numerous slender protoplasmic axopodia which are retractable.
Acrochaete marchantiae comb. nov. and Trichothyra irregularis gen. et sp. nov. with notes on other species of small filamentous green algae from St. Lucia (West Indies)
Authors: Nielsen R. , McLachlan J.
Published: March 2008

Nine species of small, filamentous green algae were identified from St. Lucia, in the Lesser Antilles. Observations were made on field‐collected material and isolates obtained in unialgal culture.Acrochaete marchantiae(Setchell & Gardner) comb. nov. has been transferred fromPringsheimiella marchantaeSetchell & Gardner.Trichothyra irregularisis described as a new genus and species,Blastophysa arrhizaWille andB. polymorphaKjellman are considered synonyms ofB. rhizopusReinke, andPhaeophila polymorphaJao is considered synonym ofP. dendroides(Crouan) Batters. These species were associated with a wide variety of substrate, including other algae, corals, rocks, and wood, with little apparent host specificity. All of the species recorded are new records for St. Lucia and five species are new records for the Caribbean.
The genus Nauplius (Asteraceae‐Inuleae)
Authors: Wiklund Annette
Published: March 2008

Nauplius (named Bubonium in previous publications) is a mainly Macaronesian and N African genus belonging to the Inula‐group of the Asteraceae‐Inuleae. Eight species and five subspecies are recognized and a key to all taxa is included. The morphology, phylogeny and phytogeography of the genus are also discussed.
Developmental changes in the subcellular structure of the seeds of Atropa belladonna
Authors: Simola Liisa Kaarina
Published: March 2008

Subcellular changes in the embryo and endosperm of Atropa belladonna were studied at four developmental stages. The endosperm cells turn to storage cells much earlier than those of the embryo, which matures later. Cells of the cotyledon and radicle are very similar in structure. The young cells contain large osmiophilic spherosomes. The cytoplasm is filled with ribosomes but dictyosomes are very rare. Some proplastids, containing starch, and mitochondria are present in the early developmental stages but do not occur in the dormant cells. During ripening, the vacuoles of the endosperm cells and embryo develop into protein bodies. They become filled with protein material without any recognisable transport mechanism. Protein bodies have several electron‐translucent globoid cavities and the protein mass contains a roundish or crystalline body. This body does not stain with potassium iodide but with periodic acid Schiff‐reagent and protein stains, indicating that it contains glycoproteins. The embryo and endosperm cells of ripe Atropa seeds are very similar and filled with protein bodies and small spherosomes.
Morphology and secretion of glandular trichomes in Tamus communis
Authors: Bruni Alessandro , Tosi Barbara , Modenesi Paolo
Published: March 2008

Light and scanning electron microscopical investigations were carried out to study distribution, morphology and secretion of glandular trichomes during leaf development in Tamus communis. During leaf growth glandular trichomes arise continously from single protodermal cells. At maturity, they are composed of a 6‐celled gland head, a secretory neck cell, an “endodermal” cell, and one basal or reservoir cell. During the early stage of secretion, several regularly arranged crater‐like pores differentiate on the cuticular surface of the gland head. Through these pores (1–1.5 μm in diameter), the secretion flows out as a thin film or as rods (0.4 μm in diameter) spreading on the trichomes and on the leaf surface. Histochemical tests indicate that the secretion is composed of a small amount of carbohydrates and an abundant fraction of lipophilic material. Proceeding towards senescence, the wall degeneration of the gland head gives rise to a strong histochemical reaction for insoluble polysaccharides. The results presented are compared with those of other investigations on the pattern of secretion in glandular trichomes.
The distribution and variation of Synura species (Chrysophyceae) in Connecticut, USA
Authors: Siver Peter A.
Published: March 2008

The genus Synura was found to be an important member of the phytoplankton communities in many Connecticut lakes, present in more than fifty percent of the 113 collections made during 1984. Thirteen taxa, including a new forma, Synura petersenii f. truttae, were recorded for the first time in Connecticut waters using SEM. S. petersenii was the most important species, present in forty‐one percent of the samples. Evidence for denoting S. petersenii var. glabra as a form, instead of a variety, is presented. Ecological preferences for some species are discussed.
Response of tomato to inoculation with vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhiza
Authors: Khaliel A. S. , Elkhider K. A.
Published: March 2008

Growth of Lycopersicum esculentum transplants inoculated with Glomus mosseae in low phosphorus soil was much better than that of the non‐mycorrhizal transplants. Mycorrhizal tomatoes had a greater dry weight and higher percentage of survival. Number of nodes, lateral branches and leaves per plant were almost doubled in mycorrhizal transplants.
Sexual reproduction and developmental adaptations in Xanthoria parietina
Authors: Ott Sieglinde
Published: March 2008

Thalli of Xanthoria parietina have been grown in cultures in the natural environment. In early phases of development the fungus associates with foreign algae and only later forms a symbiosis with Pseudotrebouxia. The lichen is shown to have a very effective mechanism for distribution by sexual spores followed by relichenization.
Siamosia thailandica, gen. et sp. nov. from Thailand (Amaranthaceae)
Authors: Larsen Kai , Larsen Supee S. , Pedersen T. Myndel
Published: March 2008

The genus Siamosia (Amaranthaceae) is established and the type species S. thailandica is described and illustrated. The pollen morphology is compared with the related genera Chamissoa, Charpentiera, Herbstia and Indobanalia.
Seasonal variation in oxidase activity in the procambium of Salix buds
Authors: Berggren Britt
Published: March 2008

Seasonal changes in peroxidase activity in the procambium of Salix buds were elucidated by cytochemical methods combined with transmission electron microscopy. Three different substates were used, viz. diaminobenzidine (DAB), tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), and p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) + pyrocathecol (PC). The specificity of the reactions was tested with the aid of several inhibitors: sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), KCN, and 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (AT, inhibitor of catalase), and by exclusion of H2O2. Peroxidase activity was found mainly in the middle lamella region of the walls, at the plasmalemma, in the ER, nuclear envelopes, and many small vesicles (possibly lysosomes). The results indicate the presence of many isoenzymes with various pH optima and sensitivity to inhibitors. The enzyme activity was highest during dormancy (autumn and winter), perhaps a component of the hardening process. It decreased considerably in the spring simultaneously with dormancy breaking.
Structure and development of adventitious roots in Salix caprea and S. caprea × S. viminalis
Authors: Fjell Ingemar
Published: March 2008

Formation and structure of adventitious roots in cuttings of two clones of S. caprea and a hybrid betwen S. caprea and 5. viminalis was studied with light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The hybrid contained large preformed root primordia, which in cuttings placed in water developed into roots in only three days. One of the S. caprea clones contained minute preformed root primordia, which developed into roots in about eight days. Treatment with indolebutyric acid (IBA) increased the percentage of rooted cuttings and the number of roots formed. Roots emerging from IBA‐treated cuttings contained both mature protophloem and protoxylem, while in roots of untreated cuttings only some sieve elements of the protophloem were mature. In the other 5. caprea clone no preformed root primordia were detected, but after treatment with IBA roots appeared in about two weeks. The cambium in treated stems produced a large number of cells, most of which differentiated into xylem. Root primordia were initiated in the newly produced tissue external to the cambium. The roots contained both mature protophloem and protoxylem at emergence. A few roots emerged also from extensive callus tissues formed external to the basal end of the cuttings. Cell enlargement and cell divisions in various parts of the base of the cuttings caused disruption of the peripheral tissues, which made the cuttings susceptible to infection by microorganisms.
Blidingia ramifera stat. nov. (Chlorophyta): a new marine alga for eastern North America
Authors: Garbary David J. , Barkhouse Lana Beth
Published: March 2008

Blidingia minima var. ramifera is reported for the first time in eastern North America. It occurs in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Nova Scotia and in Maine. In the estuary of the West and Rights Rivers (Antigonish Harbour, Nova Scotia) it is the most common intertidal alga and during its maximum growth period (June‐August) covers 75–90% of the intertidal zone for several km of shoreline at the mouth of the Rights River. In culture, spore germination and early development were typical of the taxon as described from Europe. The taxon is raised to specific status as Blidingia ramifera stat. nov. Blidingia subsalsa is confirmed from New England based on observations of spore germination in plants from Maine and Connecticut.
A demographic study of the apomictic blackberry, Rubus nessensis (Rosaceae)
Authors: Nybom Hilde
Published: March 2008

Ten stands of Rubus nessensis, an apomictic blackberry, were studied. Perennial stools produce biennial shoots that flower in their second year. The stools tend to produce shoots of similar height for several consecutive years. Flowering, but not relative fruit set, is dependent on shoot height. Shoot height and density appear to be positively related, implying that intraspecific competition is of little importance for plant vigour. Depletion time varies greatly between stands (4–29 years), being comparatively longer in stands with short shoots. New establishment is sparse and takes place mostly by root suckering.
Flowering and fruiting phenology in the apomictic blackberry, Rubus nessensis (Rosaceae)
Authors: Nybom Hilde
Published: March 2008

Five stands of an apomictic blackberry, Rubus nessensis, were studied. Biennial shoots flower and fruit in their second year on lateral branches developed from axillary buds. Most premature death of reproductive units occurs by withering of entire laterals, presumably due to damage by frost during the preceeding autumn or winter. Health status of the floricane, assessed as percentage live axillary buds in the spring, was positively correlated with the reproduction parameters. Shoot height as well, is positively correlated with number of flower buds and flowers produced on each lateral but, however, negatively correlated with number of berries, probably because tall shoots tend to suffer more damage by frost which seriously afflicts the vascular tissues of the laterals.

The position of the axillary buds on the shoot affects survival and degree of fertility, those situated medially greatly surpassing apical and basal ones.
Developmental studies in orchid flowers II: Orchidoid species
Authors: Kurzweil H.
Published: March 2008

The floral development of 11 species of Orchidoideae (sensu Rasmussen 1985) was studied by means of SEM, paying special attention to the early development of the gynostemium and its appendages. In contrast to the staminodes found in epidendroid and vandoid orchids, the ‘auricles’ of the tribe Orchideae are developed on the dorsal side of the fertile anther and therefore are not interpreted as staminodes. Presumed vestiges of the staminodes corresponding to those of the Epidendroideae and Vandoideae are differentiated in early developmental stages, but remain inconspicuous structures later on. The three‐lobed rostellum originates entirely from the median carpel. The outstanding systematic position of the tribe Orchideae is briefly discussed.
Systematics of the Usnea fragilescens aggregate and its distribution in Scandinavia
Authors: Clerc Philippe
Published: March 2008

Systematics and taxonomy of Usnea cornuta, U. flammea and U. fragilescens are discussed. The morphology, chemistry and distribution of these species in Europe are described and a first attempt is made to provide a key for the erect‐bushy to subpendant and sorediate species in Scandinavia. Compounds reported in this aggregate include lobaric acid (new to the genus). U. flammea is new for Scandinavia. U. constrictula, U. inflate, U. intexla and U. subpectinata are reduced to synonymy with U. cornuta, U. dalmatica and U. rupestris to synonymy with U. flammea, U. glaucescens to synonymy with U. hirta and the new combination U. fragilescens var. mollis is proposed.
A revision of Papaver sect. Carinatae (Papaveraceae)
Authors: Kadereit Joachim W.
Published: March 2008

Of the seven species recognized in Papaver sect. Carinatae by Fedde only P. macrostomum is retained here. Besides the type variety with glabrous capsules and pedicels with appressed setae forms with pedicels with patent setae are recognized as var. dalechianum comb, et stat. nov. and forms with capsules with an indumentum of appressed setae as var. bornmülleri comb, et stat. nov. The distribution of the three taxa is mapped and the affinities of sect. Carinatae discussed. P. macrostomum var. macrostomum is self‐compatible and has 2n = 14 chromosomes.
Siphula jamesii, a new lichen from south‐western Tasmania
Authors: Kantvilas Gintaras
Published: March 2008

The new lichen Siphula jamesii is described from south‐western Tasmania. It differs from the related species, 5. complanata and 5. decumbens, by its subterete erect branches, non‐scabrid surface and by the absence of lichen acids.
A synoptical revision of Solandra (Solanaceae)
Authors: Bernardello Luis M. , Hunziker Armando T.
Published: March 2008

Taxonomic account of Solandra, a neotropical genus ranging from Mexico and West Indies to South America, with phytochemical, ethnobotanical and ornamental interest. Its systematic position and affinities are discussed in connection to Trianaea, the other genus of the tribe Solandreae. Ten species are recognized: S. boliviano, S. brachycalyx, S. brevicalyx, S. grandiflora, S. longiflora, S. maxima, S. nizandensis, S. paraensis, S. guerrerensis and 5. guttata.
Aschistanthera, a monotypic new genus for Vietnam (Melastomataceae)
Authors: Hansen C.
Published: March 2008

The new genus Aschistanthera and its only species, Aschistanthera cristanthera, are described. Characteristics additional to the diagnosis are emphasized and parts of flowers and fruits and its distribution are illustrated.
Leaf anatomy of alpine plants as related to altitudinal stress
Authors: Codignola A. , Maffei M. , Fusconi A. , Fieschi M.
Published: March 2008

Alopecurus gerardi, Poa alpina, and Carex curvula are spontaneous, perennial forage plants distributed in the high elevation (2300–3200 m) pasture lands of Piedmont and Valle d'Aosta (Italy). Sedum atratum is an annual succulent which grows at elevations up to 3200 m. The three monocotyledons have, in comparison with corresponding plants from the low‐land, peculiar organographic and anatomic structures such as curling leaf lamina, vascular bundle sheath layer with chloroplasts arranged in a centrifugal fashion, low stomatal density (stomata number/cm2: upper epidermis x̄= 0–11.9; lower epidermis x̄= 7.66–11.55), thick cuticles, as well as higher values of S (H2O; g/dm2; x̄= 0.6–0.32), Sm (H2O g/mg Chi.; x̄= 0.11–0.16), SLW (g f. wt/dm2; x̄= 0.86–1.36), but lower SLA values (cm2/g f. wt; x̄= 75.07–116.77). All these data are correlated to water stress. Even though the leaf lamina anatomy possesses some features typical of C4 plants, the presence of starch grains in the mesophyll chloroplasts indicates that these plants are probably C3 ones.

In spite of high values of thylacoid grana/thylacoid intergrana ratios, typical of shade plants (mesophyll chloroplasts: x̄ up to 3.81; bundle sheath chloroplasts: x̄ up to 5.3), and Chi a/Chl b ratios (x̄ up to 4.23 in C. curvula), the apparent absence of peroxisomes seem to indicate a very efficient dark phase of photosynthesis. S. atratum, in comparison with the typical CAM succulents, which live in dryer and warmer habitats, has a higher values of stomatal density (upper epidermis, x̄= 2.59; lower epidermis, x̄= 3.15) and of SLA (x̄= 24.98), but lower S (x̄= 3.83), Sm (x̄= 1.19) and SLW (x̄= 4.15).
Population biology of Senecio integrifolius (Compositae), a rare plant in Sweden
Authors: Widén Björn
Published: March 2008

In a study of natural populations of Senecio integrifolius in southern Sweden (1979–1983) seeds were found to disperse from mid‐June to late July and most of them germinated in autumn. No soil seed bank was observed. On a heavily grazed site few seeds were produced but the percentage of estimated germination was high (c. 75%). In two moderately grazed habitats 8–10% of the estimated number of seeds produced in permanent plots germinated. In a lightly grazed habitat many seeds were produced but only a small percentage germinated (1.4%). In field experiments the average germination was 50–53% when newly harvested seeds were sown where the vegetation had been removed, and 20–33% when sown in undisturbed vegetation at a moderately grazed site. Germination was much lower in a lightly grazed habitat (3–12%). Survival of seedlings was much higher in heavily and moderately grazed habitats than in lightly grazed habitats. Mortality tended to be higher during the growing season (mid‐April to early November) than during the winter, and increased markedly during a drought period in the summer of 1982. The half‐life of plants established in 1980 varied from 39.3 years at the most intensively grazed site to 7.2 at the lightly grazed site. The number of flowering stems varied between years mainly according to weather. Few plants in the permanent plots flowered every year, the flowering being most frequent at heavily grazed sites. It is concluded that heavy grazing by cattle after seed dispersal is the appropriate management for maintaining S. integrifolius in Sweden.
The genera Hyperphyscia and Physconia in East Africa
Authors: Moberg Roland
Published: March 2008

Seven species of the lichen genus Hyperphyscia and three of Physconia in East Africa are treated. The morphology, chemistry, distribution, habitat and relations between the taxa are discussed. Of the genus Hyperphyscia two new species are described, H. isidiata and H. pruinosa, and two new combination made, H. granulata and H. tuckermanii. Of the genus Physconia none of the species has previously been reported from the area.
The effect of temperature on growth and reproduction of Scytosiphon complanatus (Fucophyceae) from Greenland
Authors: Pedersen Poul Møller , Kristiansen Aase , Moseholm Lars
Published: March 2008

Scytosiphon complanatus from Greenland was grown under long‐day conditions on a temperature‐gradient device with a temperature range from 5.4°C to 31.8°C. Growth was optimal between 16.0°C and 20.9°C. In a four week experimental period at 5.4°C and 7.5°C growth was slow and not measurable. The inoculated germlings died at temperatures between 24.0°C and 27.5°C. Under all temperatures the prostrate systems, knot filaments or ralfsioid thalli, as well as the parenchymatous macrothalli remained sterile during the experimental period. Prolongation of the growth period showed that formation of swarmers was prevented at temperatures above 18.6°C. The geographic distribution is discussed in relation to these results.
Alkaloid chemotaxonomy of Nordic Papaver sect. Scapiflora (Papaveraceae)
Authors: Folkestad Kirsten , Høiland Klaus , Paulsen Berit Smestad , Malterud Karl Egil
Published: March 2008

A chemotaxonomic study of the Nordic Papaver species belonging to the Scapiflora group has been carried out by means of gas chromatography (GC), mass spectro‐graphy (MS), and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The data obtained were analysed by the aid of hard and fuzzy clustering. Of the alkaloids identified, protopine and allocryptopine were found in all species investigated (i.e. Papaver radicaium ‐including all subspecies ‐ P. dahlianum, P. lapponicum, and P. laesiadianum). Protopine and allocryptopine were the only alkaloids found in P. dahlianum, P. lapponicum, and P. laesiadianum. In addition O‐methylthalisopavine was found in all investigated subspecies of P. radicatum; reframine in P. radicatum sspp. ovatilobum, gjaerevollii, groevudalense, intermedium, oeksendalense, radicatum, relictum, and subglobosum; reframidine in ssp. hyperboreum; cryptopine in sspp. ovatilobum, gjaerevollii, groevudalense, relictum, subglobosum, macrostigma, and hyperboreum; muramine in sspp. macrostigma and hyperboreum; and amurine in sspp. relictum and subglobosum.

These chemotaxonomic results confirm the systematics of the Nordic Papavers of the sect. Scapiflora introduced by Knaben who based the taxonomy on morphological and cytological characteristics. Moreover, the content of alkaloids in the different isolated Nordic Papaver populations may be of plant geographical importance. There are, for instance, a marked chemical difference between all the South Norwegian subspecies of P. radicatum and the North Norwegian P. radicatum ssp. subglobosum on one hand and the rest of the North Norwegian subspecies on the other.
Hedbergia, a new genus of Scrophulariaceae from Africa
Authors: Molau Ulf
Published: March 2008

Hedbergia is described as a new, monotypic genus in the Scrophulariaceae, subfamily Rhinanthoideae, tribe Rhinantheae. The species H. abyssinica is transferred from Bartsia. Hedbergia abyssinica is the most primitive taxon so far known in the subtribe Euphrasineae.
Glandular trichomes of Humulus lupulus var. Brewer's Gold: Ontogeny and histochemical characterization of the secretion
Authors: Oliveira M. Margarida , Salomk M. , Pais S.
Published: March 2008

Leaves of Humulus lupulus possess two types of glandular trichomes: ‐ peltate (lupulin) and bulbous.

Peltate trichomes are formed from a protodermal cell by two anticlinal divisions in perpendicular planes, followed by two periclinal ones that give rise to the initials of the head cells, the basal and the stalk cells. Head cells divide successively in radial and irregular planes. Fully developed peltate trichomes are built of a glandular head consisting of 30 to 72 cells, four stalk cells and four basal cells.

Bulbous trichomes are also formed from a protodermal cell by an anticlinal division followed by two periclinal ones that produce the initials of the glandular head cells, and the basal and stalk cells. Fully developed bulbous trichomes consist of four (occasionally eight) head glandular cells, two stalk cells and two basal cells.

The density of peltate trichomes decreases with the expansion of the leaves.

Both peltate and bulbous trichomes secrete essential oils. Peltate trichomes are the preferential site for the synthesis of bitter resins. Tannic acids could not be detected histochemically either in peltate or in bulbous trichomes. Both types of trichomes produce secretion that accumulates in the subcuticular space, being released, in the case of bulbous trichomes, by rupture of the cuticle.
Nanoplanktonic coccolithophorids (Prymnesiophyceae, Haptophyceae) from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Thomsen Helge A. , Buck Kurt R. , Coale Susan L. , Garrison Dave L. , Gowing Marcia M.
Published: March 2008

The examination of whole mounts prepared for transmission electron microscopy has resulted in the finding of thirteen taxa of nanoplanktonic coccolithophorids from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. The material was collected as part of the AMERIEZ programme, March 1986. Cold‐water adapted nanoplanktonic coccolithophorids have previously been shown to constitute a recurrent plankton element at subarctic and arctic localities. Three of the Weddell Sea species, Wigwamma annulifera, W. arctica, and Papposphaera sagittifera, are conspecific with northern hemisphere material, while two species, Calciarcus alaskensis and Turrisphaera arctica, are possibly identical with previously described arctidsubarctic material. Six taxa new to science have been described from the Weddell Sea, Wigwamma antarctica, W. triradiata, Trigonaspis melvillea, Pappomonas weddellensis, Papposphaera obpyramidalis, and P. simplicissima. The cooccurrence of identical forms at the two poles, and the fact that the species described are allocated to “arctic” genera, indicate a geologically relatively recent exchange of biological material between the poles.
Inflorescence morphology of some South American Anacardiaceae and the possible phylogenetic trends
Authors: Barfod Anders
Published: March 2008

Barfod, A. 1988. Inflorescence morphology of some South American Anacardiaceae and the possible phylogenetic trends. ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 8: 3–11. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

The inflorescences of 15 native and one introduced species of South American Anacardiaceae belonging to the genera Anacardium, Loxopterygium, Mangifera, Mauria, Mosquitoxylon, Schinus, Spondias, Tapirira and Toxicodendron are described according to the terminology of Troll and coworkers. The tribal divisions in the Anacardiaceae are supported by the inflorescence morphology. Tribe Spondia‐deae has paniculate inflorescences whereas tribe Anacardieae and tribe Rhoeae both have thyrsoids. Toxicodendron is exceptional for the tribe Rhoeae having axillary panicles. Thyrosids are hypothesized derived from panicles by a two step process including neoteny and enriching by cymose branching.
The genus Utricularia in the Nordic countries, with special emphasis on U. stygia and U. ochroleuca
Authors: Thor Göran
Published: March 2008

This paper revises the genus Utricularia in the Nordic countries with special emphasis on U. ochroleuca and a newly described species, U. stygia. Descriptions of all species are given and the distributions in the Nordic countries are mapped for U. stygia and U. ochroleuca. Two keys of all species are given, one using only the four‐armed hairs, quadrifids, inside the bladders. U. stygia and U. ochroleuca are distinguished from U. intermedia by the spur which is half as long as the lower lip and directed downwards from the lower lip at an acute angle. They usually also have traps on both the green and colourless shoots. U. stygia is distinguished from U. ochroleuca by having a darker yellow, larger, almost flat lower lip and a slightly larger number of teeth with bristles on each leaf segment. U. ochroleuca has paler, smaller flowers with a lower lip which is at first almost flat but later the margins become deflexed. The form and size of the quadrifids are given for all Utricularia species in the Nordic countries. It is possible to distinguish all species by studying only the form and size of the quadrifids, with some reservation for U. vulgaris and U. australis.
The genus Cremosperma (Gesneriaceae) in Ecuador
Authors: Kvist L. P. , Skog L. E.
Published: March 2008

A key to the 10 species of Cremosperma occurring in Ecuador is presented, including four new species that are described: C. ecuadoranum, C. humidum, C. muscicola and C. reldioides. A new variety is C. hirsutissimum var. glabrum. Cremosperma demissum and C. album, originally described from Ecuador and Colombia, respectively, are reduced to C. hirsutissimum var. demissum and C. hirsutissimum var. album. Cremosperma pusillum var. ecuadorense is transferred to C. hirsutissimum var. hirsutissimum. The distribution of Cremosperma is discussed.
Taxonomy of the Xanthosia fruticulosa group (Apiaceae)
Authors: Keighery G. J.
Published: March 2008

Xanthosia fruticulosa is shown to be composed of 2 distinct species. The unnamed species is widespread in the semi‐arid southern Western Australia, and is described herein.
The zoospore of Pseudoperonospora cubensis, the causal agent of cucurbit downy mildew
Authors: Lange Lene , Edén Ulla , Olson Lauritz W.
Published: March 2008

The zoospore of Pseudosporonospora cubensis is typical of the secondary zoospore of the Peronosporales. The reniform zoospore contains a central nucleus with a prominent beak‐like extension to the kinetosomes on the lateral side of the spore in the groove region. “Fuzzy” vesicles derived from dictyosomes surround and fuse with the contractile vacuole. Mitochondria and microbodies are located in the peripheral cytoplasm of the zoospore but the latter are confined to the groove region of the spore. The microbodies usually contain a laminate inclusion and the microbodies are not in a fixed position in relation to the peripheral cisternae. Neither a microbody‐lipid body complex nor a “U‐body” were observed.

The kinetosomes of the spore are almost perpendicular to each other at the distal end of the beak‐like extension of the nucleus. A complex system of cytoplasmic microtu‐bules flare out from the kinetosomes to surround the nucleus and bundles of cytoplasmic microtubules extend under the plasmalemma of the spore. The zoospore contain numerous vesicles with osmiophilic inclusions which are finely striated; these are the so‐called finger‐print vesicles.
Variation and differentiation in Hordeum marinum (Poaceae)
Authors: von Bothmer R. , Flink J. , Jacobsen N. , Jørgensen R. B.
Published: March 2008

In Hordeum marinum two subspecies are recognized, viz. ssp. marinum, 2x and ssp. gussoneanum, 2x and 4x. The tetraploid cytotype has a more eastern distribution in the Mediterranean area than the two diploids. Crosses and meiotic data in hybrids revealed that the three cytotypes are closely related. The tetraploid ssp. gussoneanum behaves like a true alloploid but evidently has a very strong diploidizing mechanism, which prevents recombination between the genomes. The isoenzyme pattern shows differences between the cytotypes and a clinal differentiation in ssp. marinum.
Bauhinia leucantha sp. nov. (Leguminosae‐Caesalpinioideae) and notes on B. ellenbeckii
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

Bauhinia leucantha sp. nov. is described from central Somalia. The new species is related particularly to B. ellenbeckii in Ethiopia and Somalia, B. teitensis in Kenya, and B. natalensis in eastern South Africa. B. somalensis is reduced to a synonym of B. ellenbeckii and the distribution of this species is shown to extend to northern Somalia.
Gynoecial anatomy in Sambucus callicarpa (Caprifoliaceae) with emphasis on meiotic divisions in a special tissue
Authors: Stabbetorp Odd Egil
Published: March 2008

A tissue in the basal part of the style of Sambucus callicarpa is characterized by meiotic nuclear divisions in its cells. The same phenomenon is known from other species of Sambucus, and it is probably a generic character. Similarities with the fertile female archesporium lead to the conclusion that the tissue represents a vestigial archesporium rather than a case of “somatic meiosis”. The vestigial archesporial cells are interpreted as the last remnants of ovules with parietal placentation. This placentation is in contrast to that of the fertile ovules, which is axial. Sterile ovules, in which megasporogenesis occurs, are present only in genera of Valerianaceae and Caprifoliaceae. This character probably represents a synapomorphy for the two families.
Omphalina foliacea, a new basidiolichen from America
Authors: Jørgensen Per M.
Published: March 2008

A relatively large Leptogium‐like lichen overgrowing mosses in wet paramos has been discovered in the northern Andes and Costa Rica. It has, however, a green photobiont and basidiomycete hyphae. No fruitbodies have been observed, only asexual reproduction by fragmentation of the fragile thallus and by goniocysts formed on the ecorticate lower surface. Some aspects of the taxonomy of Omphalina are briefly discussed.
Parasymbiotic fungi on the lichen‐forming basidiomycete Omphalina foliacea
Authors: Santesson Rolf
Published: March 2008

The parasymbiotic fungi Norrlinia peltigericola, Lichenopeltella minuta sp. nov. and Stigmidium joergensenii sp. nov. are reported on Omphalina foliacea from Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador. The taxonomic position of Lichenopeltella is discussed and the new combination Lichenopeltella cetrariicola is made.
Scale‐bearing Chrysophyceae (Mallomonadaceae and Paraphysomonadaceae) from Mackenzie Delta area lakes, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: McKenzie C. , Kling H.
Published: March 2008

Scale‐bearing Chrysophyceae have been examined by means of light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. Samples were taken from nine arctic lakes in the Mackenzie Delta area of the Northwest Territories, Canada. Seventeen species of the genera Chrysosphaerella, Mallomonas, Paraphysomonas, Spiniferomonas and Synura have been identified. Included in these species are seven species previously unreported from northern Canada and one species reported only in North America. The composition of the chrysophycean flora from the Mackenzie Delta area lakes is compared with that of arctic lakes in the Saqvaqjuac area, Hudson Bay (N.W.T.), Alaskan lakes, and Greenland lakes.
A new species of Cordia (Boraginaceae) from Kenya
Authors: Warfa Ahmed Mumin
Published: March 2008

The new species Cordia longipetiolata is described from the Wajir District in E Kenya.
The Hygrophila complex (Acanthaceae) in India and Ceylon
Authors: Cramer Louis
Published: March 2008

A reassessment of the genus Hygrophila in India and Ceylon is made with reference to Asteracantha, Cardanthera, Synnema, Hemiadelphis and Adenosma, recognized as allied genera by past Indian and Ceylon authors. An over‐emphasis on variable and overlapping characters by respective authors has led to the delimitation of these genera from one another and from Hygrophila. Examination of additional material from increasing floristic activity in Africa and Asia reveals that several characters are too variable to establish their generic status. It is concluded that they represent only two genera, viz. Hygrophila and Hemiadelphis. Additional clarifications are made to Heine's amendment of Hygrophila.
Blidingia minima var. stolonifera var. nov. (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) from British Columbia: systematics, life history and morphogenesis
Authors: Garbary David , Tam Carol
Published: March 2008

Blidingia minima var. stolonifera var. nov. is described from Vancouver, British Columbia. In previous literature this variety may have been confused with B. chadefaudii and B. minima var. minima. The new variety is part of the B. minima species complex in which spores germinate by evacuating the original spore and forming a germ tube. B. minima var. stolonifera is characterized by the development of marginal filaments on the basal disc that have one to five colourless cells and terminate in a cell from which a new disc grows. Colourless cells are devoid of chloroplasts and nuclei, and contain only small remnants of cytoplasm. The runner system is considered a mechanism of vegetative growth and propagation that enables a disc to cover a large amount of substratum before producing erect, unbranched thalli. In field and in culture, B. minima var. stolonifera typically reproduces by means of quadriflagellate zoospores; however, three plants from Vancouver formed biflagellate spores. These germinated poorly and developed into highly irregular, branched thalli.
Three new species of Aiphanes (Palmae) with notes on the genus in Ecuador
Authors: Borchsenius Finn , Balslev Henrik
Published: March 2008

Twelve species of the palm genus Aiphanes occur in Ecuador. The morphological variation in the genus is surveyed, and the distribution of the Ecuadorean species is discussed. A key to the species of Aiphanes in Ecuador is provided. Aiphanes chiribogensis, A. grandis, and A. verrucosa are described as new species, and illustrated. Aiphanes caryotifolia, A. eggersii, A. erinacea, A. fosteriorum, A. gela‐tinosa, A. macroloba, A. schultzeana, and A. tricuspidata are characterized. One still unidentified species resembling A. tessmannii is discussed.
Three new species in the lichen genus Ionaspis
Authors: Jørgensen P. M. , Santesson R.
Published: March 2008

Ionaspis fuegensis, I. granvina and I. ventosa are described. The genus is recorded for the first time with certainty from the cool‐temperate Southern Hemisphere. I. granvina differs from all other species in its carbonaceous black exciple and I. ventosa in its ecology: windswept mountain summits.
Studies on Kuckuckia spinosa (Fucophyceae, Sorocarpaceae): life history, temperature gradient experiments, and synonymy
Authors: Pedersen Poul Møller
Published: March 2008

Kuckuckia spinosa and Kuckuckia kylinii are distinguished mainly by the presence of basally sheathed true hairs in the latter. However, culture studies have shown that the sheath is an ephemeral structure as it splits, breaks off, and the basal remnant disintegrates and disappears eventually. Therefore, Kuckuckia kylinii gradually develops into Kuckuckia spinosa, also with regard to filament diameter. Consequently, the two species are merged with priority to K. spinosa. The life history is of the direct type as the swarmers from the plurilocular sporangia develop by immediate differentiation into plants similar to the mother plant. It has been confirmed experimentally that this species belongs to the warm temperate Mediterranean‐Atlantic group with a southern reproductive boundary close to 25°C and a northern reproductive boundary close to the 10°C summer isotherms. This is the first report of this species from the Canary Islands.
Variation in heteroblastic succession among populations of Crepis tectorum
Authors: Anderson Stefan
Published: March 2008

Eleven populations of the monocarpic species, Crepis tectorurn (Asteraceae) in South Sweden differed in the extent to which different leaf characters changed during plant ontogeny. Multivariate analyses on sequences of leaf samples collected from greenhouse‐grown plants of different ages revealed a group structure of populations that was different from that revealed by analysing variation in leaves from adult plants. Ontogenetic data suggested that populations within a weed and an alvar ecotype constituted more natural groups than combinations of populations from both eco‐types that had similar leaves at adult stages, supporting the hypothesis that these ecotypes may have different migration histories in this area. Variation among the populations in leaf characteristics was partly due to differences that were present at all ontogenetic stages and partly due to variation in the rate of development of some of the leaf characters during plant ontogeny. Plants in some populations appeared to have more ‘juvenile’ leaves at adult stages than plants in other populations, at least in some characters.