Models of facilitated transport of soil moisture through root systems
Authors: Mair Andrew , Dupuy Lionel , Ptashnyk Mariya 
Published: March 2021

&lt;p&gt;Background - Plants grow complex root architectures to explore the soil volume and acquire water and nutrients. The growth of root systems affects the hydraulic properties of soil, and experimental investigations suggest that the hydraulic conductivity is significantly increased in vegetated soil with in comparison to a fallow soil. The mechanisms through which this occurs are not well characterised.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Material and Methods - In this work we propose a novel model for moisture transport through vegetated soil. The model reflects the hypothesis that water flow is a function of the direction of an incumbent root structure, and we use data from constant-head infiltration assays [1] to test hypotheses on the nature of water transport in the soil adjacent to plant roots.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results - Results suggest that differences in hydraulic conductivity between vegetated and fallow soil may be due to preferential flow of moisture in the direction of plant roots.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Conclusion &amp;#8211; The research therefore, confirms that root architectural parameters may play a determinant role in predicting water infiltration of vegetated soil. This could open new avenues of research to improve prediction and management of irrigation and flood defence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;[1] Leung, A. K., Boldrin, D., Liang, T., Wu, Z. Y., Kamchoom, V., &amp; Bengough, A. G. (2018). Plant age effects on soil infiltration rate during early plant establishment. G&amp;#233;otechnique, 68(7), 646-652.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;data:image/jpeg;base64, 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&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Figure 1 Simulation of water infiltration in vegetated and non-vegetated soil. (A) Simulated root system. (B) Construction of oriented root volumetric density used for computation of facilitated transport. (C) Water fluxes within the root system. (D) Water fluxes in fallow soil.&lt;/p&gt;