bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of the psychometric properties of cognitive fusion questionnaire. A study of the factorial validity and factorial invariance of the measure among osteoarticular disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, depressive disorder, and general populations
Authors: Costa Joana Alexandra , Marôco João , Pinto‐Gouveia José
Published: February 2017

Background

The cognitive fusion questionnaire (CFQ) is a self‐report questionnaire that assesses the extent to which individuals are psychologically entangled with, and dominated by the form–content of their thoughts. The aim of this study was to replicate the factor structure of CFQ in osteoarticular disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, depressive disorder, and normative population. It further examined the factorial invariance of the CFQ across these 5 groups.

Method

Data from 299 participants (N General Population = 67, N Osteoarticular Disease = 73, N Diabetes Mellitus = 47, N Depressive Disorder = 45, and N Obesity = 60) were subjected to confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) to replicate the structural model of CFQ dimensionality.

Results

CFA supported a 1‐factor structure with good internal consistency and construct related validity. The 1‐factor solution was also supported by a second independent data set, which showed a configural, strict measurement, and structural invariance of the 1‐factor solution proposed. Multigroup CFA showed the configural invariance, strict measurement invariance, and structural invariance of CFQ across the 5 groups under study.

Conclusions

The unidimensional model has both similar meanings and the same structure, but the measurement model across the groups was not the same. The study provides the first approach to CFQ to Portuguese population, as a reliable tool of general cognitive fusion. Furthermore, results indicated that CFQ has a coherent structure across multiple samples and clinical utility, as it discriminate individuals with psychological distress from those who do not.
Interfacial Engineering of Perovskite Solar Cells by Employing a Hydrophobic Copper Phthalocyanine Derivative as Hole‐Transporting Material with Improved Performance and Stability
Authors: Jiang Xiaoqing , Yu Ze , Lai Jianbo , Zhang Yuchen , Hu Maowei , Lei Ning , Wang Dongping , Yang Xichuan , Sun Licheng
Published: February 2017

In high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs), hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) play an important role in extracting and transporting the photo‐generated holes from the perovskite absorber to the cathode, thus reducing unwanted recombination losses and enhancing the photovoltaic performance. Herein, solution‐processable tetra‐4‐(bis(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)amino)phenoxy‐substituted copper phthalocyanine (CuPc‐OTPAtBu) was synthesized and explored as a HTM in PSCs. The optical, electrochemical, and thermal properties were fully characterized for this organic metal complex. The photovoltaic performance of PSCs employing this CuPc derivative as a HTM was further investigated, in combination with a mixed‐ion perovskite as a light absorber and a low‐cost vacuum‐free carbon as cathode. The optimized devices [doped with 6 % (w/w) tetrafluoro‐tetracyano‐quinodimethane (F4TCNQ)] showed a decent power conversion efficiency of 15.0 %, with an open‐circuit voltage of 1.01 V, a short‐circuit current density of 21.9 mA cm−2, and a fill factor of 0.68. Notably, the PSC devices studied also exhibited excellent long‐term durability under ambient condition for 720 h, mainly owing to the introduction of the hydrophobic HTM interlayer, which prevents moisture penetration into the perovskite film. The present work emphasizes that solution‐processable CuPc holds a great promise as a class of alternative HTMs that can be further explored for efficient and stable PSCs in the future.
Intrahepatic fat, abdominal adipose tissues, and metabolic state: magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Yaskolka Meir Anat , Tene Lilac , Cohen Noa , Shelef Ilan , Schwarzfuchs Dan , Gepner Yftach , Zelicha Hila , Rein Michal , Bril Nitzan , Serfaty Dana , Kenigsbuch Shira , Chassidim Yoash , Sarusy Benjamin , Dicker Dror , Thiery Joachim , Ceglarek Uta , Stumvoll Michael , Blüher Matthias , Stampfer Meir J. , Rudich Assaf , Shai Iris
Published: February 2017

Background

Intrahepatic fat (IHF) is best known to associate with waist circumference (WC) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), but its relation to abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue is controversial. While IHF ≥ 5% dichotomously defines fatty liver, %IHF is rarely considered as a continuous variable that includes the normal range. In this study, we aimed to evaluate %IHF association with abdominal fat subdepots, pancreatic, and renal‐sinus fats.

Methods

We evaluated %IHF, abdominal fat subdepots, %pancreatic, and renal‐sinus fats, among individuals with moderate abdominal obesity, using 3‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

Among 275 participants, %IHF widely ranged (0.01%‐50.4%) and was lower in women (1.6%) than men (7.3%; P < .001). In an age, sex, and WC‐adjusted models, VAT area (P < .006) was directly associated with %IHF, while superficial–subcutaneous adipose tissue proportion was inversely associated with %IHF (P < .006). In these models, renal‐sinus fat was positively associated with %IHF (P = .005). In an age, sex, WC, and VAT‐adjusted models, elevated liver enzymes, glycemic, lipid, and inflammatory biomarkers were associated with increased %IHF (P < .003 for all). In these models, the associations remained robust even within the normal range strata of IHF < 5% for triglycerides and chemerin (P ≤ .004 for all). For the diagnosis of fatty liver, the joint area under the curve of WC, alanine‐aminotransferase, triglycerides/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was 0.84(95% CI, 0.79‐0.89).

Conclusions

Intrahepatic fat is differentially associated with abdominal fat subdepots. Intrahepatic‐fat as a continuous variable could be predicted by specific traditional parameters, even within the current normal range, and partially independent of VAT.
Secular and race/ethnic trends in glycemic outcomes by BMI in US adults: The role of waist circumference
Authors: Albrecht Sandra S. , Mayer‐Davis Elizabeth , Popkin Barry M.
Published: February 2017

Background

For the same body mass index (BMI) level, waist circumference (WC) is higher in more recent years. How this impacts diabetes and prediabetes prevalence in the United States and for different race/ethnic groups is unknown. We examined prevalence differences in diabetes and prediabetes by BMI over time, investigated whether estimates were attenuated after adjusting for waist circumference, and evaluated implications of these patterns on race/ethnic disparities in glycemic outcomes.

Methods

Data came from 12 614 participants aged 20 to 74 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (1988‐1994 and 2007‐2012). We estimated prevalence differences in diabetes and prediabetes by BMI over time in multivariable models. Relevant interactions evaluated race/ethnic differences.

Results

Among normal, overweight, and class I obese individuals, there were no significant differences in diabetes prevalence over time. However, among individuals with class II/III obesity, diabetes prevalence rose 7.6 percentage points in 2007‐2012 vs 1988‐1994. This estimate was partly attenuated after adjustment for mean waist circumference but not mean BMI. For prediabetes, prevalence was 10 to 13 percentage points higher over time at lower BMI values, with minimal attenuation after adjustment for WC. All patterns held within race/ethnic groups. Diabetes disparities among blacks and Mexican Americans relative to whites remained in both periods, regardless of BMI, and persisted after adjustment for WC.

Conclusions

Diabetes prevalence rose over time among individuals with class II/III obesity and may be partly due to increasing waist circumference. Anthropometric measures did not appear to account for temporal increases in prediabetes, nor did they attenuate race/ethnic disparities in diabetes. Reasons underlying these trends require further investigation.
Social support satisfaction in adults with eating disorders: Does stance matter?
Authors: Geller Josie , Iyar Megumi , Srikameswaran Suja , Zelichowska Joanna , Dunn Erin C.
Published: February 2017

Although the role of social support is clearly established in the recovery of youth with eating disorders, little is known about factors that contribute to support satisfaction and improved treatment outcome in adults. This study examined the contribution of patient factors and perceived support stance used by family and friends in determining social support satisfaction. Individuals meeting DSM‐IV criteria for an eating disorder (n = 182) completed measures of eating disorder and psychiatric severity, interpersonal functioning, perceived support stance used by family and friends, and social support satisfaction. Correlations indicated that both patient factors (lower psychiatric distress and fewer interpersonal difficulties) and perceived support stance (higher concerned and lower directive support) were associated with patient support satisfaction. Multiple regression analyses indicated that perceived support stance accounted for greater variance in social support satisfaction than did patient factors. Patient age was associated with differences in preferred support stance: expressions of caring were most critical for younger patients, whereas not being criticized or told what to do was most significant for older patients. This research suggests that the stance used when offering support is vital to the care of individuals with eating disorders.
How to induce defense responses in wild plant populations? Using bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) as example
Authors: Seldal Tarald , Hegland Stein Joar , Rydgren Knut , Rodriguez‐Saona Cesar , Töpper Joachim Paul
Published: February 2017

Inducible plant defense is a beneficial strategy for plants, which imply that plants should allocate resources from growth and reproduction to defense when herbivores attack. Plant ecologist has often studied defense responses in wild populations by biomass clipping experiments, whereas laboratory and greenhouse experiments in addition apply chemical elicitors to induce defense responses. To investigate whether field ecologists could benefit from methods used in laboratory and greenhouse studies, we established a randomized block‐design in a pine‐bilberry forest in Western Norway. We tested whether we could activate defense responses in bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) by nine different treatments using clipping (leaf tissue or branch removal) with or without chemical treatment by methyljasmonate (MeJA). We subsequently measured consequences of induced defenses through vegetative growth and insect herbivory during one growing season. Our results showed that only MeJA‐treated plants showed consistent defense responses through suppressed vegetative growth and reduced herbivory by leaf‐chewing insects, suggesting an allocation of resources from growth to defense. Leaf tissue removal reduced insect herbivory equal to the effect of the MeJa treatments, but had no negative impact on growth. Branch removal did not reduce insect herbivory or vegetative growth. MeJa treatment and clipping combined did not give an additional defense response. In this study, we investigated how to induce defense responses in wild plant populations under natural field conditions. Our results show that using the chemical elicitor MeJA, with or without biomass clipping, may be a better method to induce defense response in field experiments than clipping of leaves or branches that often has been used in ecological field studies.
Synergistic effects of floral phytochemicals against a bumble bee parasite
Authors: Palmer‐Young Evan C. , Sadd Ben M. , Irwin Rebecca E. , Adler Lynn S.
Published: February 2017

Floral landscapes comprise diverse phytochemical combinations. Individual phytochemicals in floral nectar and pollen can reduce infection in bees and directly inhibit trypanosome parasites. However, gut parasites of generalist pollinators, which consume nectar and pollen from many plant species, are exposed to phytochemical combinations. Interactions between phytochemicals could augment or decrease effects of single compounds on parasites. Using a matrix of 36 phytochemical treatment combinations, we assessed the combined effects of two floral phytochemicals, eugenol and thymol, against four strains of the bumblebee gut trypanosome Crithidia bombi. Eugenol and thymol had synergistic effects against C. bombi growth across seven independent experiments, showing that the phytochemical combination can disproportionately inhibit parasites. The strength of synergistic effects varied across strains and experiments. Thus, the antiparasitic effects of individual compounds will depend on both the presence of other phytochemicals and parasite strain identity. The presence of synergistic phytochemical combinations could augment the antiparasitic activity of individual compounds for pollinators in diverse floral landscapes.
Exercise‐induced B‐lines identify worse functional and prognostic stage in heart failure patients with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Scali Maria Chiara , Cortigiani Lauro , Simionuc Anca , Gregori Dario , Marzilli Mario , Picano Eugenio
Published: February 2017

Aims

Exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) is recommended by the European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the evaluation of heart failure (HF) patients. Recently, lung ultrasound (LUS) has been proposed for the assessment of extravascular lung water through B‐lines. The aim of this study was to assess B‐lines during ESE in HF.

Methods and results

Standard transthoracic and LUS evaluation was performed during semi‐supine ESE in 103 NYHA class I–III HF patients (76 male; mean age 64 ± 12 years) with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (35 ± 8%). B‐lines were measured by scanning 28 intercostal spaces on antero‐lateral chest, both at rest and at peak stress. Resting plasma B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and exercise capacity during cardiopulmonary testing with peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) were assessed in all patients. All patients were followed up for a median of 8 months (first quartile, 6; third quartile, 11). LUS was feasible and interpretable in all subjects. The overall number of B‐lines increased from rest (median 5, interquartile range 0–10) to peak stress (median 12, interquartile range 0–45) (P < 0.0001). The number of stress B‐lines was closely correlated with resting log‐BNP (r = 0.88, P < 0.0001) and peak VO2 (r = −0.90, P < 0.0001). During follow‐up, 37 events occurred: 10 deaths, 23 re‐hospitalizations for acute HF, and 4 non‐fatal myocardial infarctions. Twelve‐month event‐free survival was 95% in the 36 patients with stress B‐lines <30 (best cut‐off identified by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis) vs. 7% in patients with ≥30 B‐lines (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

B‐lines are easy to obtain, frequent in HF patients, and often increase during ESE. Adverse events were more frequent in patients with more B‐lines during ESE.
Ceramide synthase 2 facilitates S1P‐dependent egress of thymocytes into the circulation in mice
Authors: Rieck Michael , Kremser Christiane , Jobin Katarzyna , Mettke Elisabeth , Kurts Christian , Gräler Markus , Willecke Klaus , Kolanus Waldemar
Published: February 2017

Well‐defined gradients of the lipid mediator sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) direct chemotactic egress of mature thymocytes from the thymus into the circulation. Although it is known that these gradients result from low S1P levels in the thymic parenchyma and high S1P concentrations at the exit sites and in the plasma, the biochemical mechanisms that regulate these differential S1P levels remain unclear. Several studies demonstrated that ceramide synthase 2 (Cers2) regulates the levels of the S1P precursor sphingosine. We, therefore, investigated whether Cers2 is involved in the regulation of S1P gradients and S1P‐dependent egress into the circulation. By analyzing Cers2‐deficient mice, we demonstrate that Cers2 limits the levels of S1P in thymus and blood to maintain functional S1P gradients that mediate thymocyte emigration into the circulation. This function is specific for Cers2, as we also show that Cers4 is not involved in the regulation of thymic egress. Our study identified Cers2 as an important regulator of S1P‐dependent thymic egress, and thus contributes to the understanding of how S1P gradients are maintained in vivo.
Spectroscopic Properties of a Family of Mono‐ to Trinuclear Lanthanide Complexes
Authors: Sy Mohamadou , Esteban‐Gómez David , Platas‐Iglesias Carlos , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Aurora , Tripier Raphaël , Charbonnière Loïc J.
Published: February 2017

A series of mono‐, di‐, and trinuclear complexes of Eu and Tb was designed to study the influence of the number of Ln emitting centers on the luminescence properties of discrete polynuclear complexes. The complexes are based on a cyclen scaffold, functionalized by two picolinic acid pendant arms. These coordinating units are separated by a 1,3‐dimethylbenzene spacer for the dinuclear complex and a 1,3,5‐trimethylbenzene bridge in the case of the trinuclear complex. The synthesis and characterization of the ligands are presented, together with the preparation and spectroscopic characterization of the complexes. The luminescence properties of the complexes were determined by UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy and steady‐state and time‐resolved luminescence spectroscopy in buffered aqueous solutions. Comparison of the electronic absorption spectra showed that the absorption properties can almost be considered as extensive parameters within experimental error, as expected for electronically non‐conjugated systems. A small drop of both the excited state luminescence lifetimes and the luminescence quantum yields was observed for the trinuclear complexes in the case of Tb. To understand this behavior, theoretical HF (Hartree–Fock) calculations were performed for the three complexes. Models indicate that the average intermetallic distance in the dinuclear complex is almost the same as in the trinuclear one, disfavoring a possible distance dependence of the observed phenomena.
Photochemical Synthesis and Characterization of Xenon(VI) Hexafluoridomanganates(IV)
Authors: Mazej Zoran , Goreshnik Evgeny , Jagličić Zvonko , Filinchuk Yaroslav , Tumanov Nikolay , Akselrud Lev G.
Published: February 2017

Reactions between XeF2, MnF3 and UV‐irradiated elemental F2 in anhydrous HF have yielded [XeF5]2[MnF6] and XeF5MnF5; meanwhile, [XeF5]4[Mn8F36] has been observed as a minor phase upon the crystallization of the product obtained by fluorination of an n(XeF2)/n(MnF3) = 1:3 mixture in the presence of an UV source. The crystal structure of [XeF5]2[MnF6] is isotypic with the known [XeF5]2[PdF6]. Its asymmetric structural unit consists of two crystallographically unique [XeF5]+ cations and a [MnF6]2– anion. The single‐crystal structure determination of XeF6·2MnF4 reveals that it is better formulated as [XeF5]4[Mn8F36]. Discrete octameric [Mn8F36]4– anions are built from eight MnF6 octahedra, each sharing three vertices, in the shape of a ring, which is different from the previously known cubic [Ti8F36]4– anion. The main structural feature of the anionic part of the crystal structure of [XeF5][MnF5] (determined from both X‐ray single‐crystal and synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction data) is infinite zigzag chains of distorted MnF6 octahedra that share cis vertices. [XeF5][MnF5] is paramagnetic in the 296–200 K temperature range, with a Curie constant of C = 1.87 emu K mol–1 (µeff = 3.87 µB) and a Curie–Weiss temperature of θ = –9.3 K. Below 100 K, there is weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the MnIV ions, with a coupling constant of J = –1.3 cm–1. Raman spectra showed that [XeF5]2[MnF6] decomposes at ambient temperature in a He–Ne laser beam (power > 1.7 mW) to [XeF5][MnF5], with further decomposition to MnF3.
Option Introductions and the Skewness of Stock Returns
Authors: Blau Benjamin M. , Whitby Ryan J.
Published: February 2017

The decision to introduce options for stocks is made by exchanges with the intention of selecting stocks that will generate the most option trading activity. This study hypothesizes that exchanges will introduce options for stocks with positive skewness. The motivation for our tests is based on the idea that some investors have preferences for skewness and the payoff structure of options is conducive to these types of preferences. Results show that the likelihood of introducing options is increasing in the level of return skewness. We also find that stocks with the most pre‐introduction skewness generate the most post‐listing option volume. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 37:892–912, 2017
Nasal juvenile angiofibroma: Current perspectives with emphasis on management
Authors: López Fernando , Triantafyllou Asterios , Snyderman Carl H. , Hunt Jennifer L. , Suárez Carlos , Lund Valerie J. , Strojan Primož , Saba Nabil F. , Nixon Iain J. , Devaney Kenneth O. , Alobid Isam , Bernal–Sprekelsen Manuel , Hanna Ehab Y. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Ferlito Alfio
Published: February 2017

Juvenile angiofibroma is an uncommon, benign, locally aggressive vascular tumor. It is found almost exclusively in young men. Common presenting symptoms include nasal obstruction and epistaxis. More advanced tumors may present with facial swelling and visual or neurological disturbances. The evaluation of patients with juvenile angiofibroma relies on diagnostic imaging. Preoperative biopsy is not recommended. The mainstay of treatment is resection combined with preoperative embolization. Endoscopic surgery is the approach of choice in early stages, whereas, in advanced stages, open or endoscopic approaches are feasible in expert hands. Postoperative radiotherapy (RT) or stereotactic radiosurgery seem valuable in long‐term control of juvenile angiofibroma, particularly those that extend to anatomically critical areas unsuitable for complete resection. Chemotherapy and hormone therapy are ineffective. The purpose of the present review was to update current aspects of knowledge related to this rare and challenging disease. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 1033–1045, 2017
Interactions between MAOA gene polymorphism and maternal parenting in predicting externalizing and internalizing problems and social competence among Chinese children: Testing the genetic vulnerability and differential susceptibility models
Authors: Liu Yapeng , Chen Xinyin , Zhao Siman , Way Niobe , Yoshikawa Hirokazu , Zhang Guangzhen , Liang Zongbao , Zhang Minghao , Ke Xiaoyan , Lu Zuhong , Deng Huihua
Published: February 2017

The present study aimed to test whether monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene polymorphism was a marker of the genetic vulnerability model or the differential susceptibility model by investigating the interaction of MAOA gene polymorphism with maternal parenting on externalizing and internalizing problems and social competence among Chinese children. Participants were 290 children and their parents in China. MAOA genotypes were ascertained by polymerase chain reaction amplification. Mothers reported their parenting stress and engagement in parent–child activities when the child was 6 months old. Children's behavioral problems and social competence were rated by mothers and fathers at 48 months old. The results showed that MAOA genotypes interacted with maternal parenting stress in predicting boys' internalizing problems. Also, MAOA genotypes interacted with maternal engagement in parent–child activities in predicting boys' social competence. The analyses of regions of significance and the proportion of interaction index indicated that boys with the low‐activity genotype were at risk for (a) high internalizing problems under high maternal parenting stress and (b) low social competence if mothers displayed a low level of maternal engagement. No significant interaction effects were found among girls. The results suggested that the MAOA gene might be a marker of the genetic vulnerability model among Chinese boys.

Highlights

We evaluated whether MAOA gene was a marker of the genetic vulnerability model or the differential susceptibility model by investigating the interaction of MAOA gene polymorphism with maternal parenting on behavioral problems and social competence among 4‐year‐old Chinese children.

The results of regions of significance and the proportion of interaction index indicated that boys with the low‐activity genotype were at risk of high internalizing problems or low social competence with high maternal parenting stress or low engagement. No significant interaction effects were found among girls.

The results indicated that MAOA gene might be a marker of the genetic vulnerability model rather than the differential susceptibility model.
Development of multisubstituted hydroxyapatite nanopowders as biomedical materials for bone tissue engineering applications
Authors: Baba Ismail Yanny M. , Wimpenny Ian , Bretcanu Oana , Dalgarno Kenneth , El Haj Alicia J.
Published: February 2017

Ionic substitutions have been proposed as a tool to control the functional behavior of synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA), particularly for Bone Tissue Engineering applications. The effect of simultaneous substitution of different levels of carbonate (CO3) and silicon (Si) ions in the HA lattice was investigated. Furthermore, human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on multi‐substituted HA (SiCHA) to determine if biomimetic chemical compositions were osteoconductive. Of the four different compositions investigates, SiCHA‐1 (0.58 wt % Si) and SiCHA‐2 (0.45 wt % Si) showed missing bands for CO3 and Si using FTIR analysis, indicating competition for occupation of the phosphate site in the HA lattice; 500°C was considered the most favorable calcination temperature as: (i) the powders produced possessed a similar amount of CO3 (2–8 wt %) and Si (<1.0 wt %) as present in native bone; and (ii) there was a minimal loss of CO3 and Si from the HA structure to the surroundings during calcination. Higher Si content in SiCHA‐1 led to lower cell viability and at most hindered proliferation, but no toxicity effect occurred. While, lower Si content in SiCHA‐2 showed the highest ALP/DNA ratio after 21 days culture with hMSCs, indicating that the powder may stimulate osteogenic behavior to a greater extent than other powders. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1775–1785, 2017.
Hierarchically ordered polymer nanofiber shish kebabs as a bone scaffold material
Authors: Chen Xi , Gleeson Sarah E. , Yu Tony , Khan Nasreen , Yucha Robert W. , Marcolongo Michele , Li Christopher Y.
Published: February 2017

The ideal bone scaffold harnesses the body's ability to regenerate bone in critical size defects. A potential strategy to design the ideal bone scaffold is to mimic the natural structure of bone at the molecular level. The orientation and spatial distribution of nanocrystals in the organic matrix are two important and distinctive structural characteristics associated with natural bone. There has yet to be a synthetic system or scaffold that is able to control both the spatial distribution and orientation of the hydroxyapatite crystalline structure. To mimic the unique hybrid structure of natural bone using synthetic materials, there have been a number of reported approaches to control the mineral nanocrystal orientation on synthetic scaffolds. However, the spatial distribution of minerals is challenging to reproduce in a biomimetic manner. Herein we report using block copolymer‐decorated polymer nanofibers to achieve biomineralized fibrils with precise control of both mineral crystal orientation and spatial distribution. We show that the crystallization of poly(caprolactone)‐b‐poly(acrylic acid) block copolymer on poly(caprolactone) nanofibers resulted in a unique shish kebab structure that significantly enhances the mechanical properties of the nanofibers, and is cytocompatible to L‐929 mouse fibroblast cells. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1786–1798, 2017.
Tetranuclear Zn(II) Complex Based on an Asymmetrical Salamo‐Type Chelating Ligand: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Fluorescence Property
Authors: Dong Xiu‐Yan , Akogun Sunday Folaranmi , Zhou Wei‐Min , Dong Wen‐Kui
Published: February 2017

A new tetranuclear Zn(II) complex, [{Zn(L)(μ‐OAc)Zn(H2O)}2], based on an asymmetrical salamo‐type bisoxime chelating ligand H3L (6‐hydroxy‐4′‐chloro‐2,2′‐[ethylenediyldioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, differential thermal methods, single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, and IR, UV–vis, and fluorescence spectra. The Zn(II) complex crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P‐1 with cell parameters a = 9.0742(6) Å, b = 11.8225(5) Å, c = 12.4182(8) Å, Z = 2, V = 1212.56(12) Å3, R1 = 0.0572, and wR2 = 0.1734. The environment of the tetranuclear Zn(II) complex is penta‐coordinated having a slightly distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry. Moreover, a 1D chain supramolecular structure is formed along the c‐axis by the intermolecular C1–H1B⋯O14 hydrogen bonds; in the same manner, C2–H2C⋯Cg2 functions in the formation of supramolecular structures along the a‐axis of the 1D chain. A 2D supramolecular structure along the ac plane extends infinitely under the force of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Differential scanning calorimetry‐thermogravimetry thermal analysis provides evidence of the coordination of Zn(II) atoms to the ligand H3L. The Zn(II) complex shows intense photoluminescence with a maximum emission at ~453 nm upon excitation at 360 nm.
ANTHROPOLOGY AT WAR: ROBERT H. LOWIE AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE CULTURE CONCEPT, 1904 to 1954
Authors: BARGHEER STEFAN
Published: February 2017

The concept of culture used in American anthropology has fundamentally transformed throughout the first half of the twentieth century. The changing resonance of the work of Robert H. Lowie offers revealing insights into this development. Lowie was part of the first generation of students of Franz Boas that highlighted the importance of individual variation for the study of both primitive and civilized societies. Yet, its initial resonance notwithstanding, the culture concept that prevailed in the discipline went into a different direction as the result of anthropologists’ involvement in the war effort. It was advanced by the second generation of Boas’ students such as Ruth Benedict and Margaret Mead, who stressed the homogeneity of cultures. The contrast highlights the diversity of approaches available within anthropology in the first half of the century and the crucial impact of World War II in determining which of these possibilities became institutionalized in the decades after the war.
Dengue virus and malaria concurrent infection among febrile subjects within Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Kolawole Olatunji Matthew , Seriki Adebimpe Adetola , Irekeola Ahmad Adebayo , Bello Kizito Eneye , Adeyemi Oluwapelumi Olufemi
Published: February 2017

Dengue is a mosquito‐borne disease of public health importance. It is caused by four serotypes of Dengue virus (i.e, DENV‐1, ‐2, ‐3, and ‐4). As a result of practices that are conducive for mosquito breading, its vector is widespread in Nigeria and this could result to possible DENV outbreaks in Nigeria and beyond. This study aimed to assess the recency of DENV infection as well as occurrence of DENV and Malaria co‐infections within Ilorin, Nigeria. Blood samples were obtained from 176 febrile subjects and analyzed using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for the presence of DENV antibodies. Malaria infection was detected using a rapid diagnostic test kit for malaria parasites. Malaria and DENV (IgM positive) co‐infected samples were further subjected to RT‐qPCR analysis. A seroprevalence of 46.0% was recorded for anti‐DENV IgM antibodies and 2.84% for concurrent Dengue and malaria infections. Out of 95 IgM negative samples, 48 were found to be positive for DENV IgG antibodies. Eleven (6.25%) samples were confirmed DENV positive following RT‐qPCR. The CT values of the amplicons were between 19.0 and 20.0. DENV serotype 2 dominated the study, while serotype 3 and 4 were equally distributed. Based on the high seroprevalence of DENV obtained in this study, there is a high possibility of experiencing Dengue virus outbreak in Ilorin, Nigeria, not neglecting the fast geographical spread of the vector. Therefore, surveillance and intensive vector control program should be instituted.
Adenovirus type 4 respiratory infections with a concurrent outbreak of coxsackievirus A21 among United States Army Basic Trainees, a retrospective viral etiology study using next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Hang Jun , Vento Todd J. , Norby Erica A. , Jarman Richard G. , Keiser Paul B. , Kuschner Robert A. , Binn Leonard N.
Published: February 2017

Human adenoviruses (HAdV), in particular types 4 and 7, frequently cause acute respiratory disease (ARD) during basic military training. HAdV4 and HAdV7 vaccines reduced the ARD risk in U.S. military. It is important to identify other respiratory pathogens and assess their potential impact on military readiness. In 2002, during a period when the HAdV vaccines were not available, throat swabs were taken from trainees (n = 184) with respiratory infections at Fort Jackson, South Carolina. Viral etiology was investigated initially with viral culture and neutralization assay and recently in this study by sequencing the viral isolates. Viral culture and neutralization assays identified 90 HAdV4 isolates and 27 additional cultures that showed viral cytopathic effects (CPE), including some with picornavirus‐like CPE. Next‐generation sequencing confirmed these results and determined viral genotypes, including 77 HAdV4, 4 HAdV3, 1 HAdV2, 17 coxsackievirus A21 (CAV21), and 1 enterovirus D68. Two samples were positive for both HAdV4 and CAV21. The identified genotypes are phylogenetically close to but distinct from those found during other years or in other military/non‐military sites. HAdV4 is the predominant respiratory pathogen in unvaccinated military trainee. HAdV4 has temporal and demographic variability. CAV21 is a significant respiratory pathogen and needs to be evaluated for its current significance in military basic trainees.
Work–family conflict and mindfulness: Investigating the effectiveness of a brief training intervention
Authors: Kiburz Kaitlin M. , Allen Tammy D. , French Kimberly A.
Published: February 2017

This experimental switching replications design study examined the effectiveness of a brief mindfulness‐based training intervention that included a one‐hour mindfulness‐based workshop followed by 13 days of behavioral self‐monitoring (BSM) in an attempt to reduce work–family conflict. The intervention increased participants' mindfulness and decreased work‐to‐family conflict, but did not reduce family‐to‐work conflict. In addition, those who participated in BSM reported greater mindfulness, less work‐to‐family conflict, and less family‐to‐work conflict than did those who did not participate in BSM. Theoretical and practical implications, as well as future research directions, are discussed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of α‐helix unfolding in the pine nut peptide Lys‐Cys‐His‐Lys‐Pro induced by pulsed electric field
Authors: Xing Jie , Zhang Sitian , Zhang Mingdi , Lin Songyi
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND

A variety of analytical techniques were applied to explore the effects of pulsed electric field (PEF) on α‐helix structural changes in the novel antioxidant peptide Lys‐Cys‐His‐Lys‐Pro (KCHKP, 611.76 Da).

RESULTS

The relative α‐helix content of the KCHKP peptide was significantly altered from 100% to 89.91 ± 0.97% when the electric pulse frequency was 1800 Hz and the field intensity was 10 kV cm−1. Moreover, the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐pycryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2‐azinobis diammonium salt (ABTS) radical‐scavenging activities of PEF‐treated KCHKP were increased from 56.31% ± 0.74% to 84.33% ± 1.23% and from 40.56% ± 0.78% to 51.33% ± 0.27%, respectively.

CONCLUSION

PEF treatment increased peptide linkage stretch vibration and altered hydrogen bonding of KCHKP. The stability of the α‐helix structure was influenced by hydrogen bonds within the peptide linkage of KCHKP induced by PEF and was related to changes in antioxidant activity. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Extreme floods increase CO2 outgassing from a large Amazonian river
Authors: Almeida Rafael M. , Pacheco Felipe S. , Barros Nathan , Rosi Emma , Roland Fábio
Published: February 2017

Large Amazonian rivers are characteristically subject to seasonal floods. We examine how inundation extent affects the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and CO2 outgassing in the Madeira River, a large tributary to the Amazon River. We show data from nine field campaigns performed between 2009 and 2011, complemented with data from one additional campaign in April 2014 that is representative of the largest flood on record. Both the pCO2 (range, 835–9694 μatm) and CO2 outgassing (range, 641–12,253 mg C m−2 d−1) had large seasonal variability (with peaks during high water), and fit exponential relationships with water level. CO2 outgassing per unit area in 2014 was 50% higher than the other highest rate in our dataset. Reconstruction of CO2 fluxes since 1968 indicates that extreme‐flood years outgas 20% more CO2 per unit area than years without reported occurrence of extreme floods. Our findings indicate a positive feedback between climate change, extreme flooding, and CO2 outgassing from river water.
Pulmonary MRI morphometry modeling of airspace enlargement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Ouriadov Alexei , Lessard Eric , Sheikh Khadija , Parraga Grace ,   for the Canadian Respiratory Research Network
Published: February 2017

Purpose

We generated lung morphometry measurements using single‐breath diffusion‐weighted MRI and three different acinar duct models in healthy participants and patients with emphysema stemming from chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD).

Methods

Single‐breath‐inhaled 3He MRI with five diffusion sensitizations (b‐value = 0, 1.6, 3.2, 4.8, and 6.4 s/cm2) was used, and signal intensities were fit using a cylindrical and single‐compartment acinar‐duct model to estimate MRI‐derived mean linear intercept (Lm) and surface‐to‐volume ratio (S/V). A stretched exponential model was also developed to estimate the mean airway length and Lm.

Results

We evaluated 42 participants, including 15 elderly never‐smokers (69 ± 5 years), 12 ex‐smokers without COPD (67 ± 11 years), 9 COPD ex‐smokers (80 ± 6 years), and 6 AATD patients (59 ± 6 years). In the never‐ and ex‐smokers, the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and computed tomography relative area of less than −950 Hounsfield units (RA950) were normal, but these were abnormal in the COPD and AATD patients, which is reflective of emphysema. Although cylindrical and stretched‐exponential‐model estimates of Lm and S/V were not significantly different, the single‐compartment‐model estimates were significantly different (P < 0.05) for the never‐ and ex‐smoker subgroups. All models estimated significantly worse Lm and S/V in the AATD and COPD subgroups compared with the never‐ and ex‐smokers without emphysema.

Conclusions

Differences in airspace enlargement may be estimated using Lm and S/V, generated using MRI and a stretched‐exponential or cylindrical model of the acinar ducts. Magn Reson Med 79:439–448, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Unconditional convergence and error estimates for bounded numerical solutions of the barotropic Navier–Stokes system
Authors: Feireisl Eduard , Hošek Radim , Maltese David , Novotný Antonín
Published: February 2017

We consider a mixed finite‐volume finite‐element method applied to the Navier–Stokes system of equations describing the motion of a compressible, barotropic, viscous fluid. We show convergence as well as error estimates for the family of numerical solutions on condition that: (a) the underlying physical domain as well as the data are smooth; (b) the time step and the parameter of the spatial discretization are proportional, ; and (c) the family of numerical densities remains bounded for . No a priori smoothness is required for the limit (exact) solution. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 33: 1208–1223, 2017
Designing Effective Healthcare: Matching Policy Tools to Problems in China
Authors: Bali Azad Singh , Ramesh M
Published: February 2017

Healthcare reforms often result in disappointing failures due to the misguided goals they pursue and the flawed means they employ. The paper proposes that effectiveness—defined as universal access to essential healthcare at a cost affordable to society—is a worthwhile and achievable objective. But to realize effectiveness, reformers need to discard their a priori preferences for markets or governments and instead select a range of policy tools targeting different problems. The paper will argue that a concerted use of regulatory, fiscal, informational and organizational tools shaping the behaviour of healthcare providers, insurers and users can achieve effective healthcare. The paper will highlight the use and misuse as well as non‐use of these tools in China to shed light on tools' approach to health policy reforms. Lessons from China are highly relevant to developing countries around the world trying to reform their health sector. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Introduction to the Special Issue: “Conceptualizing Effective Social Policy Design: Design Spaces and Capacity Challenges”
Authors: Chindarkar Namrata , Howlett Michael , Ramesh M
Published: February 2017

This article addresses the rise of design thinking and its problematics in the social policy sphere. In particular, it argues that studies of social policy design, like all design work in policymaking, must differentiate more carefully between technical and political considerations in public policymaking and examine the implications each process has for the content of social policy design, its implementation, and its prospects of success or failure. The article develops a model of social policy formulation spaces based on the extent to which policies are intended to address technical or political problems and a government's capacity to engage in policy analysis and alternative assessment. This model is applied in the articles in this special issue to help understand the patterns of policy content and outcome success and failure found in this sector across multiple jurisdictions and issue areas. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Waste to poles: Discarded fishnet/glass fiber and polyester for building electrical poles
Authors: Michael Raj F. , Nagarajan V.A. , SahayaElsi S.
Published: February 2017

In this study, multifilament discarded fishnet/glass fibers with polyester matrix are investigated for their properties for possible application in making electrical poles. The prepared composite specimens were 16 layers of glass fiber composites as compared with 15 layers of glass fiber and additional 1, 2, and 3 layers of multifilament discarded fishnet fiber of 16 mm mesh. Mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical analysis were performed according to ASTM, so as to compare the performance of glass fiber composites as partial substitute in multifilament discarded fishnet fiber composite manufacturing. Scanning electron microscope and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy were recorded for various composites to investigate the bonding strength of the fibers with matrix and the elemental compositions. The results revealed that the multifilament discarded fishnet fiber composite of T90° orientation has higher impact strength and flexural properties. It is proposed to use glass fiber and multifilament discarded fishnet fiber incorporated composites for the manufacturing of electrical poles. Reuse of waste materials is widely encouraged from an environmental perspective and hence, these composites mitigate the problem of waste disposal. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:2997–3005, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
PEDOT:PSS Modification by blending graphene oxide to improve the efficiency of organic solar cells
Authors: Wang Yishan , Wang Haowei , Xu Junfeng , He Bo , Li Weile , Wang Qi , Yang Shengyi , Zou Bingsuo
Published: February 2017

In this work, we present a simple method to modify poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) by directly blending graphene oxide (GO) into PEDOT:PSS to form (PEDOT:PSS):GO nanocomposite and it shows an enhanced conductivity than that of pristine PEDOT:PSS due to the benzoid‐quinoid structure transition of PEDOT:PSS. By applying the obtained nanocomposite (PEDOT:PSS):GO film as the hole‐transporting layer (HTL) in organic solar cells (OSCs) ITO/HTL/active‐layer/Ca/Al, in which the active layer consists of poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT):[6,6]‐phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) or P3HT:indene‐C60 bisadduct (ICBA), we found that the power conversion efficiency of these two OSCs with P3HT:PC61BM and P3HT:ICBA as the active layer reached to 3.96% and 5.89%, respectively, showing correspondingly enhancement of 14.78% and 9.89% as compared with those of the control devices in which PEDOT:PSS without any modification. Therefore, PEDOT:PSS modified with GO provides an easy way to fabricate stable OSCs with high performance and low cost. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:3066–3072, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Experimental and theoretical correlation of reinforcement trends in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/single‐walled carbon nanotubes hybrid composites
Authors: Khan Ahmad Nawaz , Waheed Qaiser , Jan Rahim , Yaqoob Khurram , Ali Zulfiqar , Gul Iftikhar Hussain
Published: February 2017

The reinforcement tendency of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/single‐walled carbon nanotubes hybrid composites is investigated using universal tensile testing machine. SWCNT are exfoliated in the ABS matrix at all concentrations, however, selective localization of SWCNT occurred in the SAN phase rather than the PB phase of ABS. Although, glass transition temperature of ABS remained intact by the incorporation of SWCNTs, but mechanical properties are enhanced significantly. The increase in tensile strength and Young's modulus of ABS/SWCNT hybrid composites is up to 48% and 103%, respectively, at considerable loss of strain at break inferring the restriction in the movement of the ABS chains by anchoring them in the vicinity of SWCNT. Modified rule of mixture (MRoM) model is employed to predict the rate of increase in the Young's modulus (dY/dVf) of ABS/SWCNT hybrid composites. The predicted trends are correlated well with the experimental values of dY/dVf in the lower volume fraction of SWCNT in ABS demonstrating the effective load transfer from the polymer matrix to the nanotubes. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E902–E908, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers