bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and function of plasmodesmata in zygotes of Fucus distichus
Authors: Nagasato Chikako , Terauchi Makoto , Tanaka Atsuko , Motomura Taizo
Published: May 2015

Brown algae have plasmodesmata, tiny tubular cytoplasmic channels connecting adjacent cells. The lumen of plasmodesmata is 10–20 nm wide, and it takes a simple form, without a desmotubule (the inner membrane structure consisting of endoplasmic reticulum in the plasmodesmata of green plants). In this study, we analyzed the ultrastructure and distribution of plasmodesmata during development of Fucus distichus zygotes. The first cytokinesis of zygotes in brown algae is not accompanied by plasmodesmata formation. As the germlings develop, plasmodesmata are found in all septal cell walls, including the first cell division plane. Plasmodesmata are formed de novo on the existing cell wall. Pit fields, which are clusters of plasmodesmata, were observed in germlings with differentiated cell layers. Apart from the normal plasmodesmata, these pit fields had branched plasmodesmata that appeared to arise from the lateral preexisting ones. Fluorescent tracers with different molecular sizes were microinjected to examine the size exclusion limit of molecules for transit through the plasmodesmata. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran of 3 kDa size was spread over the germlings, and 10 kDa FITC-dextran was tracked only in the rhizoid. The size exclusion limit was <10 kDa for the thallus but <40 kDa for the rhizoid.
A Case Study of the English Teachers’ Burnout in a Medical University in China
Authors: Li Shunying
Published: May 2015

Many College English teachers complain about work stress. To learn about the actual burnout situation and to seek intervention, a questionnaire survey and written interviews were conducted in a medical university in China. The results of the survey suggest that 29.73% of the participants experienced burnout. No significant differences were found in the aspects of the gender and educational background. However, older teachers experienced significantly more intense reduced personal accomplishment while more-experienced teachers reported significantly more intense depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. Similarly, participants with higher professional titles experienced much more intense depersonalization. Meanwhile, the results of the interviews indicate four causes of burnout: factors related to the job, students, management and teacher development. Internal and external moderations are categorized as the burnout reducers. As for intervention, teachers and the organization should work together to reduce the burnout syndrome.
Ferulates and lignin structural composition in cork
Authors: Marques António Velez , Rencoret Jorge , Gutiérrez Ana , del Río José C. , Pereira Helena
Published: May 2015

The structure of lignin and suberin, and ferulic acid (FA) content in cork fromQuercus suberL. were studied. Extractive-free cork (Cork), suberin, desuberized cork (Corksap), and milled-cork lignins (MCL) from Cork and Corksapwere isolated. Suberin composition was determined by GC-MS/FID, whereas the polymers structure in Cork, Corksap, and MCL was studied by Py-TMAH and 2D-HSQC-NMR. Suberin contained 94.4% of aliphatics and 3.2% of phenolics, with 90% of ω-hydroxyacids and α,ω-diacids. FA represented 2.7% of the suberin monomers, overwhelmingly esterified to the cork matrix. Py-TMAH revealed significant FA amounts in all samples, with about 3% and 6% in cork and cork lignins, respectively. Py-TMAH and 2D-HSQC-NMR demonstrated that cork lignin is a G-lignin (>96% G units), with a structure dominated by β–O–4′ alkyl-aryl ether linkages (80% and 77% of all linkages in MCL and MCLsap, respectively), followed by phenylcoumarans (18% and 20% in MCL and MCLsap, respectively), and smaller amounts of resinols (ca. 2%) and dibenzodioxocins (1%). HSQC also revealed that cork lignin is heavily acylated (ca. 50%) exclusively at the side-chain γ-position. Ferulates possibly have an important function in the chemical assembly of cork cell walls with a cross-linking role between suberin, lignin and carbohydrates.
Comprehensive Smart Grid Planning in a Regulated Utility Environment
Authors: Turner Matthew , Liao Yuan , Du Yan
Published: May 2015

This paper presents the tools and exercises used during the Kentucky Smart Grid Roadmap Initiative in a collaborative electric grid planning process involving state regulators, public utilities, academic institutions, and private interest groups. The mandate of the initiative was to assess the existing condition of smart grid deployments in Kentucky, to enhance understanding of smart grid concepts by stakeholders, and to develop a roadmap for the deployment of smart grid technologies by the jurisdictional utilities of Kentucky. Through involvement of many important stakeholder groups, the resultant Smart Grid Deployment Roadmap proposes an aggressive yet achievable strategy and timetable designed to promote enhanced availability, security, efficiency, reliability, affordability, sustainability and safety of the electricity supply throughout the state while maintaining Kentucky’s nationally competitive electricity rates. The models and methods developed for this exercise can be utilized as a systematic process for the planning of coordinated smart grid deployments.
Comparison of Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology Performance on Fermentation Parameters Optimization of Bioconversion of Cashew Apple Juice to Gluconic Acid
Authors: Osunkanmibi Omotola B. , Owolabi Temitayo O. , Betiku Eriola
Published: May 2015

The study examined the impact and interactions of cashew apple juice (CAJ) concentration, pH, NaNO3 concentration, inoculum size and time on gluconic acid (GA) production in a central composite design (CCD). The fermentation process and parameters involved were modeled and optimized using artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM). The ANN model established the optimum levels as CAJ of 250 g/l, pH of 4.21, NaNO3 of 1.51 g/l, inoculum size of 2.87% volume and time of 24.41 h with an actual GA of 249.99 g/l. The optimum levels predicted by RSM model for the five independent variables were CAJ of 249 g/l, pH of 4.6, NaNO3 of 2.29 g/l, inoculum size of 3.95% volume, and time of 38.9 h with an actual GA of 246.34 g/l. The ANN model was superior to the RSM model in predicting GA production. The study demonstrated that CAJ could serve as the sole carbon source for GA production.
Meconium aspiration syndrome in infants of HIV-positive women: a case-control study
Authors: Gupta Sachin K. , Haerr Pam , David Richard , Rastogi Alok , Pyati Suma
Published: May 2015

Our aim was to determine whether maternal HIV infection in the current era is associated with an increased incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) in their infants.

Infants born to 149 HIV-positive women at our hospital over a 5-year period were compared with infants born to HIV-negative women in a retrospective case-control study. Charts of all 298 patients included in the study were reviewed for maternal and infant demographics, HIV treatment, vertical transmission and untoward events at delivery or during the hospital course.

When compared with HIV-negative women, a greater proportion of HIV-positive women had meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF), 33% vs. 13%, P<0.001; and thick MSAF, 17% vs. 5%, P<0.001, respectively. Seven of 298 infants were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit for MAS; all seven were born to HIV-positive women (P=0.015). Although

Infants born to HIV-positive women had significantly more MSAF and MAS than infants born to non-infected women. It is unclear whether this association results from maternal HIV infection itself or from anti-retroviral therapy. Maternal and infant care providers should be prepared for this complication when attending to the deliveries of HIV-positive women.
Signaling molecules from Lactuca sativa L. induced quorum sensing phenotypes in bacteria
Authors: Mahmoudi Esmaeil
Published: May 2015

The outcome of the present investigation revealed that lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) extract strongly interferes with acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) regulated physiological functions in the bioreporter strain, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026. Extracts of L. sativa also promoted production of virulence factors in plant pathogen, Pectobacterium carotovorum, and significantly increased tissue maceration on potato tubers when there was a low concentration (103 cfu · ml−1) of the bacterium was used. The thin layer chromatogram which visualised with AHL bioreporter strain, CV026, showed that L. sativa extract produced a circular spot with a diffuse edge tail and migrated with the same mobility as standard N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL). Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis of the lettuce extract resulted in the identification of 19 compounds of which homoserine was identified for the first time in plants. Homoserine accounted for 2.37% of the total constituents. It is a new finding that lettuce contains AHL like substances (homoserine) which excite AHL related quorum sensing (QS) in bacteria.
High prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Yilmaz Akar , Eren Esin , Ellidag Hamit Yasar , Yuksel Isa Oner , Yilmaz Necat , Arslan Sakir , Aydin Ozgur
Published: May 2015

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We aimed to evaluate calcidiol status and its relationship with coronary angiography findings in two selected groups of ACS patients.

Methods: We investigated two groups of patients with ACS: 75 patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 68 patients with unstable angina pectoris (USAP). The ACS diagnosis was confirmed by coronary angiography findings. Biochemical parameters were studied at the first visit of the patients with automated instruments and ready-to-use kits.

Results: Calcidiol levels were significantly lower in the STEMI group compared to the USAP group (p<0.001), while the prevalence of calcidiol deficiency in the STEMI group was significantly higher (p<0.001). Serious calcidiol deficiency (<4 ng/mL) was present in 17% of the STEMI group and in 7% of the USAP group. We did not observe any significant relationship between calcidiol status and coronary angiography findings.

Conclusions: Our results support the previously described associations between ACS and calcidiol deficiency. Besides, we report a more severe calcidiol deficiency and an extraordinarily high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency in these patients.
Lexicographical Studies on the Southwestern Dialects of the Ukrainian Language
Authors: Greshchuk Vasyl
Published: May 2015

The paper deals with the issue of compiling the Southwestern dialect dictionaries. Asurvey of the history of the dialect dictionaries from the mid-nineteenth century to the present isgiven. The scientific background and principles of compiling the dictionaries in question areanalyzed. Special attention is given to dictionary register, dictionary entry structure, description ofsemantic properties of registered words, illustrative material, word passport.It has been established that many aspects of the Hutsul dialects are reflected in differentlexicographical works, though a big academic dictionary still needs to be written. There exist bigdifferential dictionaries of the Boyko, Bukovynian, Upper Dniestrian dialects. The Transcarpathianand Lemko dialects are less closely studied in this respect. There have been carried out somelexicographical studies of the Podillian, Pokuttian, Southern Volynian dialects and the dialects ofthe Sian river basin; further research is certainly needed to provide a firm basis for compilingdictionaries of these dialects
The Phenomenon of Religious Faith: Theological, Philosophical and Religious Studies Interpretations
Authors: Kyiak Sviatoslav , Martsinovska Daryna
Published: May 2015

The article deals with the phenomenon of faith addressed from the perspective oftheology, philosophy and religious studies. The central role of faith in the Christian religion ishighlighted, as well as the specifics of the phenomenon in the 20th – early 21st century Catholicism.The general theoretical approaches to the phenomenon of religious faith in the works by nationaland world philosophers, theologians and religious studies scholars are reviewed; the paperhighlights the principles of their theories based on rational interpretation of the premises of faith,Christian virtues, which underlie moral, ethnic and social norms in particular
Ukraine and Poland: Facing the 21st Century Challenges
Authors: Tsependa Igor
Published: May 2015

Establishing a common strategic framework is a decisive factor in the Ukrainian-Polishrelations in the current social and political context. The complexity of the partnership between thetwo states arise from their geographical location on the borderline between civilizations, the site ofhistorical cataclysms. At the same time, national sovereignty of was always a high priority for bothpeoples. The recognition of Ukraine’s independence by Poland marked a new stage ofrapprochement between Warsaw and Kyiv, the act being evidence of maturity of the Polishpolitical elite. Poland made its best to promote the interest of Ukraine in the international politicalarena. The article suggests periodization in the history of the Ukrainian-Polish partnership.Ukrainian policy can be modelled on Poland’s experience of the transformation of society.Being a member of the European Union, Poland advocates the idea of European and EuroAtlantic integration of Ukraine. Increased economic cooperation is one of the aspects of theUkrainian-Polish partnership. Cooperation at regional level, between local government bodies isalso important for the relations between the two states. Step by step, visa regulations are beingliberalized, interpersonal contacts broadened. The beginning of the 21st century witnesses a changein political consciousness of Ukrainian and Polish people, who reconsider painful events from theirpast
The Third Order in the Underground: Lay Organizations of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in Precarpathian Region in the 1970s-1980s
Authors: Zhernokleyev Oleg
Published: May 2015

The paper highlights the role of communities of monks and nuns (the Third Orders) inthe structure and activity of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC), which functionedunderground. It is emphasized that the historical roots of the Third Order are traced back to the13th century when spiritual life of specific lay communities was regulated by the Franciscan andthe Dominican Orders, and later, by the Carmelite Order. Between 1900 and 1930s lay communitiesof the UGCC became noticeably active. A characteristic example of their activity is the well knownRules for laypersons of the Basilian Order drawn by Metropolitan Archbishop Andrey Sheptytsky.In the 1970s (the Soviet time, when the UGCC worked underground), there appeared theRedemptorist and the Basilian Third Orders in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. Their members kept insafety different cult objects, held underground Divine Services, meetings, had spiritual practices,did catechesis, etc. On the whole, these lay communities had played an important role in theUGCC underground activity up till the late 1980s
The Secret Code of the Galician Land Between the Two Rivers: Spacetime Organization of Yuri Andrukhovych’s Essays
Authors: Maftyn Natalia
Published: May 2015

The paper deals with the spacetime aspect of the essays by Yu. Andrukhovych(‘Disorientation in Locality’ in particular); it is both a feature and an efective strategy used by theauthor in order to structure his text and organize its imagery.Other distinctive features of Andrukhovych’s essays are inner dynamics of artistic images, acomplex associative network, paradox as a way of playing with a reader, constant switching fromsociohistorical time to private chronotope of personal world view. Looking at European culturefrom different spacetime perspectives and, at the same time, feeling its contemporary pulsation,marking his private narrative cardiogram with philosophical and historical ‘splash-ups’, the authormanages to communicate his idea of Central Europe as a tradition, in which Ukraine has its share.The text of ‘Disorientation in Locality’ is modelled in the dimensions of different spacetimecontinuums; due to this, the discussed locuses reveal themselves as palimpsests of cities andplaces – geological cuttings of different temporal layers, whose deep textual meanings shinethrough the surface of the author’s narrative. Into the fabric of sociohistorical time, Andrukhovychweaves idyllic chronotope of early times (‘an Austrian-Hungarian myth’ tinged with the author’shumour, the mystic locus of the Carpathians) complementing it with his private spacetimechronotope, generic memory. According to the author, the chronotope of apocalypse is destroyingthe Tradition; though the message of his essays is revealing the possibility of the two-waymovement along the sociohistorical temporal vector, which ensures continuity of tradition andhistorism.
Ukraine and the East: Culturological Aspect
Authors: Pylypiuk Oleh
Published: May 2015

Modern Oriental studies regard the East as the cradle of the world’s civilization, a webof unique cultural formations. Within the modern East–West paradigm, the research into thevalues of tradition should be underpinned by dominant axiological concepts in order tosystematize contemporary ideas of the world, nature, the individual and mentality. In accordancewith the central methodological principle of the research, archetypes are regarded as culturaluniversals. In the article, the typology of the cosmological and the spiritual elements (the Moonand the Word respectively) in the Oriental and Ukrainian traditions are highlighted, the emphasisbeing laid on the analysis of the semantic and thematic fields of the two archetypes
Amino Acids: Sensing and Implication into Aging
Authors: Lushchak Oleh
Published: May 2015

An ability to sense and respond to nutrient availability is an important requisite for life.Nutrient limitation is among main factors to influence the evolution of most cellular processes.Different pathways that sense intracellular and extracellular levels of carbohydtrates, amino acids,lipids, and intermediate metabolites are integrated and coordinated at the organismal levelthrough neuronal and humoral signals. During food abundance, nutrient-sensing pathwaysengage anabolism and storage, whereas limitation triggers the mechanisms, such as themobilization of internal stores including through autophagy. These processes are affected duringaging and are themselves important regulators of longevity, stress resistance, and age-relatedcomplications
Olfactory System in Drosophila
Authors: Semaniuk Uliana
Published: May 2015

Smell is an ancient sensory system presented virtually in organisms from bacteria tohumans. In Drosophila odors elicit a variety of behavioral responses in relatively simple butsensitive olfactory system. An increasing number of mutants have been found to be defective inolfactory function. Genetic and molecular analysis of the olfactory system of the fruit fly haveidentified many molecular components, and have revealed some principles of its function andorganization
Intensity - and Time Course-Based Classifications of Oxidative Stresses
Authors: Lushchak Volodymyr
Published: May 2015

In living organisms, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is counterbalanced bytheir elimination and/or prevention of formation which in concert can typically maintain a steadystate (stationary) ROS level. However, this balance may be disturbed and lead to elevated ROSlevels and enhanced damage to biomolecules. Since 1985, when H. Sies first introduced thedefinition of oxidative stress, this area has become one of the hot topics in biology and, to date,many details related to ROS-induced damage to cellular components, ROS-based signaling, cellularresponses and adaptation have been disclosed. However, some basal oxidative damage alwaysoccurs under unstressed conditions, and in many experimental studies it is difficult to showdefinitely that oxidative stress is indeed induced by the stressor. Therefore, usually researchersexperience substantial difficulties in the correct interpretation of oxidative stress development. Forexample, in many cases an increase or decrease in the activity of antioxidant and related enzymesare interpreted as evidences of oxidative stress. Careful selection of specific biomarkers (ROSmodified targets) may be very helpful. To avoid these sorts of problems, I propose severalclassifications of oxidative stress based on its time-course and intensity. The time-courseclassification includes acute and chronic stresses. In the intensity based classification, I propose todiscriminate four zones of function in the relationship between “Dose/concentration of inducer”and the measured “Endpoint”: I – basal oxidative stress zone (BOS); II – low intensity oxidativestress (LOS); III – intermediate intensity oxidative stress (IOS); IV – high intensity oxidative stress(HOS). The proposed classifications may be helpful to describe experimental data where oxidativestress is induced and systematize it based on its time course and intensity. Perspective directions ofinvestigations in the field include development of sophisticated classifications of oxidative stresses,accurate identification of cellular ROS targets and their arranged responses to ROS influence, realin situ functions and operation of so-called “antioxidants”, intracellular spatiotemporal distributionand effects of ROS, deciphering of molecular mechanisms responsible for cellular response to ROSattacks, and ROS involvement in realization of normal cellular functions in cellular homeostasis.
Evaluation of legumes as a substrate for probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG
Authors: Petruláková M. , Valík Ľ.
Published: May 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate suitability of legumes as carriers for probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, leading to the development of new probiotic foods for consumers who have to restrict or dislike dairy products. The growth and metabolic activity of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG during fermentation of waterbased leguminous porridges, prepared from soy bean, soy flour, green lentil, husked lentil, white bean, speckled bean, red bean, yellow pea, chickpea, and chickpea flour, were monitored. Viable cell counts, pH values, and contents of organic acids were analysed during static fermentation of autoclaved substrates at 37 °C for 48 h. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG was able to grow up to the counts higher than 6 log CFU g–1 (measured values in the range of 7.8–8.9 log CFU g–1), which is legislative limit for labelling food as probiotic. pH values of fermented substrates varied between 4.0–6.0, concentration of lactic acid ranged from 99.9 to 687.7 mg kg–1, and level of acetic acid varied from 266.1 to 1182.0 mg kg–1.
‘A Potaissa Napocae MP X’. Trajan’s imperial road and the mansio from Aiton (Cluj County)
Authors: Fodorean Florin-Gheorghe
Published: May 2015

Nowadays Aiton is a small village located in the center part of the Cluj County, between Turda and Cluj-Napoca. At Aiton, during the Roman times, an important rural settlement was established, in close relation with the main road of Roman Dacia. Archaeological investigations in the area of this village were carried out mostly in the last century, but most are accidental discoveries. During the Roman period, Aiton was probably an important rural settlement within the territory of Potaissa, and we suppose that a taberna was set up here. Why? First, because of the distance from Potaissa: 10 Roman miles. Second, because of the discoveries within the territory of the village. My purpose is to analyze, interpret and map all data available. Based on what we know so far, I was able to distinguish two areas with Roman discoveries. One is located in the northern part of the village, close to the Roman road. I reached the conclusion that in this part of the village we should locate the former taberna. The other area in located in the eastern part of the village. I concluded that we should locate the rural settlement here. All in all, these data allowed me to conclude that Aiton represented, during Roman times, an important settlement between Potaissa and Napoca.
La villa romana di San Potito, ultimi risultati delle ricerche
Authors: Redő Ferenc
Published: May 2015

During the last years, the excavation mostly focused on the SE part of the villa. This territory was inhabited or even densely built in all through the existence of the villa. We could more precisely determine the chronology and periodisation of the entire site, which also included the publication and evaluation of the complete coin material of the site.

In the second part of the study, we examine a building of the villa that has been known for decades without being able to determine its function and role. We have already published its details and 3D reconstruction but it has not provoked substantial reaction. Its shape, structure and position within the villa complex and its wider geographical environment suggest that it could be a cold storage, an ice house. This type of building is barely known until the Modern Period. The shape of this building is not typical since was constructed with a different purpose and was only later modified to fit this function. The subterranean part of its structure afforded the observation of minute details. In this study we intend to present our hypothesis.
Ricerche archeobotaniche analisi dei campioni di terra provenienti dagli scavi eseguiti a San Potito
Authors: Dálnoki Orsolya
Published: May 2015

Partly carbonated seeds testify that barley, millet, lentil, legumes, walnut and strawberry were planted in the territory that belonged to the villa. Grape and cereals, the remains of which were found in a small amount, were probably transported from elsewhere to the inhabitants of the villa located 1000 m high. This is suggested by the presence of the amphorae as well. Remains of wetland plants and fish scales were recovered by flotation; their presence was due to the vicinity of the Fucine Lake.
The relationship between knowledge and the use of nutrition information on food package
Authors: Krešić G. , Mrduljaš N.
Published: May 2015

Nutrition labelling, soon obligatory for all food circulating on the EU market, is a topic of interest since being an important tool that shapes consumers´ conscious food choices. The study tested the influence of nutrition knowledge on the use of labelled nutrition information on 200 Croatian consumers. A comprehensive three-section questionnaire comprising demographic data, a nutrition knowledge test, and questions about the use of nutrition information provided on food labels was employed. Cluster analysis identified three participating clusters (having good, medium, or poor nutrition knowledge). Answers to 70% of the questionnaire items were correct, but the application of nutrition knowledge in an everyday food selection scored low. Best knowledgeable participants (middle-aged with university degree) tend to browse the nutrition label per se, information on sugar content, fat content, the list of ingredients, and the list of additives. The same group of consumers consider nutrition labelling policy helpful and find the information provided on nutrition labels understandable and useful in conscious food choices. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed the use of labelled nutrition information to be significantly influenced by education and nutrition knowledge. Bottom-line, consumers consider nutrition labelling important, but do not pay close attention to information on certain nutrients.
Parides burchellanus (Westwood, 1872) (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae): new distribution records from southwestern Minas Gerais state, Brazil
Authors: Bedê Lúcio Cadaval , Marini-Filho Onildo João , Neto Fernando Correa Campos , Ribeiro Flávia , Reis Edmar Simões dos , Beirão Marina Do Vale , Resende Felipe Oliveira
Published: May 2015

We herein report new records of Parides burchellanus (Westwood, 1872) in southwestern Minas Gerais state, Brazil, in areas of the upper São Francisco and Araguari river systems, including the buffer zone of the Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra. Until recently, the only known colonies of P. burchellanus were located in the municipalities of Brumadinho, in Minas Gerais state, and Planaltina, in the Distrito Federal, some 640 km apart from each other. The implications of these new records to the conservation status of this species are discussed.
Morphological Change of a PbSe film grown by Chemical Bath Deposition during Sensitization
Authors: Suh Youngjoon , Suh Sang Hee
Published: May 2015

A PbSe film was grown by chemical bath deposition on a thermally oxidized Si (111) substrate. Morphological change of the PbSe film during sensitization under the oxygen and iodine atmospheres was studied by SEM. The as-grown polycrystalline PbSe film consists of clusters of about 200nm in diameter. By the oxidation treatment for 30 min at 380°C, the clusters became joined together. On the other hand, recrystallization of new PbSe crystals with faceted surfaces occurred during the iodination treatment under an iodine plus nitrogen atmosphere at 380°C for different durations. This morphological change during the sensitization treatment might affect the electro-optical properties of the PbSe film.
Fontes alimentares de macronutrientes em amostra probabilística de adultos brasileiros
Authors: Souza Danielle Ribeiro de , Anjos Luiz Antonio dos , Wahrlich Vivian , Vasconcellos Mauricio Teixeira Leite de
Published: May 2015

Uma vez disponíveis, as informações de Ingestão Alimentar (IA) podem permitir o desenvolvimento de estratégias para intervir, acompanhar e explorar padrões dietéticos com métodos estatísticos mais sofisticados. Assim, o objetivo do presente artigo foi documentar as características quantitativas da IA em adultos em um inquérito domiciliar em Niterói, RJ. Realizou-se recordatório de 24 horas de um dia típico. Os alimentos mais ingeridos (> 50%) foram arroz branco, café, feijão, açúcar refinado e pão francês. Leite integral foi mais ingerido do que leite desnatado ou semidesnatado. Carne de vaca foi mais ingerida que carne de frango, peixe ou porco. Mais adultos ingeriram refrigerantes do que sucos, e frutas tiveram ingestão relativamente alta (63,3%). A combinação de arroz, feijão, carne e pão francês foi responsável por 25% da ingestão de energia, proteínas e carboidratos, e 17% da ingestão de lipídeos. Um total de 65 alimentos correspondeu a 90% da ingestão de energia e macronutrientes. O presente estudo gerou uma lista de alimentos mais frequentemente ingeridos, que é bastante semelhante ao que foi observado em inquérito anterior realizado em São Paulo, capital, o que pode servir como base para a geração de um questionário de frequência alimentar único para a população urbana do sudeste brasileiro.
O papel das identidades culturais e dos serviços públicos de saúde no processo de municipalização ocorrido nas últimas décadas em pequenas localidades do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Mejía Margarita Gaviria , Périco Eduardo , Oliveira Laura Barbieri
Published: May 2015

O artigo mostra os resultados preliminares de uma pesquisa etnográfica na qual observamos como é vivenciado socialmente o processo de municipalização em seis municípios da Bacia Hidrográfica do Forqueta, no Rio Grande do Sul, onde a fragmentação de municípios tem se disseminado como estratégia administrativa desde a década de 1990. Discorremos acerca de elementos culturais e de ações sociais que dão suporte às identidades construídas e/ou reconstruídas na definição das fronteiras dos territórios-município. Teorias sociológicas e antropológicas foram utilizadas para pensar as identidades e o pressuposto de que a integração de espaços sociais num território cria a necessidade social de produção de uma identidade territorial estreitamente vinculada a um contexto sociopolítico e a uma configuração cultural. Percebemos que o processo de municipalização em pequenos municípios ajuda a conter o êxodo rural, sendo os serviços de saúde determinantes na contenção do fluxo migratório que caracterizava a realidade destas localidades, nas últimas décadas, em consequência do crescimento da agroindústria. Na atualidade, nesses mesmos locais, os serviços de saúde representam o principal suporte da identidade coletiva com o território-município e, no lugar da emigração, estimulam a imigração.
Desempenho da gliricídia no cultivo em aleias em pomar orgânico de mangueira e gravioleira
Authors: Paulino Gleicia Miranda , Barroso Deborah Guerra , Lamônica Kelly Ribeiro , Costa Gilmar Santos , Carneiro José Geraldo de Araújo
Published: May 2015

Foi estabelecido um sistema de cultivo em aléias de gliricídia em um pomar orgânico de mangueira e de gravioleira de um ano, no município de Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ-Brasil. Os objetivos do trabalho foram avaliar a sobrevivência e o desempenho da gliricídia no cultivo em aléias, quanto à produção de fitomassa seca e ao fornecimento de nutrientes ao sistema. A gliricídia apresentou elevada sobrevivência (93%). A média anual de produção de fitomassa seca e de adição de nutrientes ao sistema foi maior no segundo ano de avaliação (2007) do que no primeiro ano (2006), ambos com de três podas anuais que se adequaram às épocas recomendadas para a adubação das frutíferas, especialmente a gravioleira. A quantidade de N adicionada ao pomar com as podas da gliricídia foi maior que a adubação recomendada para mangueira e gravioleira. Por outro lado, a quantidade de P e K adicionada ao pomar não foi suficiente para suprir a adubação demandada para ambas as culturas.A gliricídia apresentou bom desempenho nas condições do experimento, com potencial de uso contínuo no sistema e possibilidade de aproveitamento dos nutrientes disponibilizados no sistema pelas frutíferas. Contudo, mais avaliações são necessárias ao longo do tempo para verificar a sustentabilidade do consórcio.
Encontro entre pobreza e moral em Luanda. Urbanização, direitos e violência
Authors: Santos Daniel dos
Published: May 2015

O artigo apresenta uma análise da questão urbana da capital angolana, com base em duas pesquisas feitas ao final dos anos 1980, uma sobre a economia paralela em Angola, mais especificamente em sua capital, Luanda; outra sobre as políticas de urbanização da periferia africana, ao sul do Saara, assim como novas pesquisas realizadas entre 2006 e 2010 voltadas, desta vez, à compreensão da nova realidade, passados 20 anos, e à descrição e análise das mudanças ocorridas, assim como as razões dessas transformações, conforme a narrativa e as práticas dos atores sociais implicados. O texto se concentra na análise do desenvolvimento imobiliário, com a reconstrução da infraestrutura de base destruída durante a guerra civil, destacando reiteradas disputas entre o Estado angolano e as populações de cidadãos deserdados e deslocados pela guerra, vítimas, durante muito tempo, das lutas políticas e da violência das diferentes facções da elite que lutam pelo controle do Estado desde a Independência.
Verificação da efetividade de uma ação educativa sobre proteção auditiva para trabalhadores expostos a ruído
Authors: Rocha Clayton Henrique , Santos Livia Haisa Damha , Moreira Renata Rodrigues , Neves-Lobo Ivone Ferreira , Samelli Alessandra Giannella
Published: May 2015

OBJETIVO: Verificar a efetividade de uma ação educativa de treinamento, com ênfase na importância da proteção auditiva, para trabalhadores expostos a ruído ocupacional. MÉTODOS: Participaram 78 funcionários do gênero masculino. Todos os indivíduos passaram por avaliação audiológica completa e responderam a um questionário no momento do início do atendimento. Para a segunda aplicação do questionário, os participantes foram randomicamente divididos em dois grupos: Grupo Pesquisa, constituído por 44 funcionários, que responderam ao questionário após passarem por treinamento educativo, e Grupo Controle, constituído por 34 funcionários, que responderem ao questionário antes de passar por treinamento educativo. O treinamento foi feito com base em material gráfico com figuras e textos, sob a forma de conversa. Os temas abordados foram: importância da audição, efeitos do ruído sobre a saúde, importância da prevenção da perda auditiva e da utilização do protetor auditivo, conservação e higienização dos protetores, níveis de ruído no ambiente de trabalho e atenuação do ruído fornecida pelos protetores auditivos. O questionário continha 14 perguntas de múltipla escolha que abordavam os mesmos temas explorados no treinamento educativo. RESULTADOS: Houve aumento significativo do número de acertos durante a 2ª aplicação do questionário, somente para o Grupo Pesquisa, em todas as comparações realizadas. CONCLUSÃO: Ações educativas realizadas com trabalhadores expostos a ruído ocupacional são efetivas. Além disso, o questionário é uma ferramenta estável e viável para a verificação da efetividade de programas educativos
Quasi-static pressure calculations of confined explosions
Authors: Zhong Wei , Tian Zhou , Wang Hongliang
Published: May 2015

Based on the state equation of ideal gas, thermodynamics and some laws of physical chemistry, a formula for the quasi-static pressure of a confined explosion was derived, when the chemical reactions and energy conversion of the detonation products were considered, and the expansion process of the detonation products was under constant entropy. Taking trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosive as an example, the chemical reaction kinetics of the detonation products, with different explosive charge volume ratios, was analysed. A program, named Chemical Reaction Kinetic Numerical Computation and Application (CRKNCA), was written, which could calculate the quasi-static pressure of TNT explosives in confined rooms. Comparing the calculated results of the program with the experimental data, as well as the results of the Conventional Weapon Effects Program (CONWEP) and the simulation results by fluid dynamics under similar conditions, the accuracy of the formulas proposed in this paper was verified. Moreover, it was concluded that the chemical reactions of the detonation products had an important influence on the quasi-static pressure of confined explosions.
On Default and Uniqueness of Monetary Equilibria
Authors: Vardoulakis Alexandros P. , Lin Li , Tsomocos Dimitrios P.
Published: May 2015

We examine the role that credit risk in the central bank’s monetary operations plays in the determination of the equilibrium price level and allocations. Our model features trade in fiat money, real assets and a monetary authority which injects money into the economy through short-term and long-term loans to agents. Short-term loans are riskless, but long-term loans are collateralized by a portfolio of real assets and are subject to credit risk. The private monetary wealth of individuals is zero, i.e., there is no outside money. When there is no default in equilibrium, there is indeterminacy. Positive default in every state of the world on some long-term loan endogenously creates positive liquid wealth that supports positive interest rates and resolves the aforementioned indeterminacy. Hence, a non-Ricardian policy across loan markets can determine the equilibrium allocations while it allows the central bank to earn profits from seigniorage in order to compensate for any losses.
The Unification of Differences
Authors: Freytag Stefan
Published: May 2015

In this paper, I discuss the evolving idea of the ―One World‖ as articulated in Wolfgang Sachs‘ article (1992), which was derived from the principles of the 1945 UN Charter. The paper also presents an insightful discussion on the recent crisis of perception in the three ‗world regions‘ which are dominating the development discourse i.e. the Unites States, Europe and China. It argues that this is primarily a crisis of perception; ―the world has turned into a mirror, which reflects a reality of us, which is constructed by experts of the system‖. It argues that placeless cultural knowledge has transformed our reality into a reality which lacks a place. We are stuck in our space - centered belief systems and we are everywhere and nowhere at the same time. The paper concludes that universalism has made us to be alone in space, knowing about the whole world, but at the same time unable to feel the connection to this world. We have lost presence, the ability to perceive our body and therefore the relation to the earth
The Threat of Western Universalism
Authors: Tallman Chad
Published: May 2015

This article examines the concept of world unity from the time of enlightenment to the present age. It asserts that the enlightenment conception is responsible for the perversion of human nature since it elevates human reason over human emotion which has resulted into a narrow understanding of the world and the belief that science could guarantee peace. The paper debates the concepts of space and place in relation to westernization as a form of universalism. It shows how universalism is linked to space with no respect for diverse cultures according to geographical origins as the case is for localism which is rooted in place. It analyses the United States’ pursuit for market unity, a strategy which is propagated but with the ill intentions of maintaining her international superiority. The market unity project is indeed, an enemy of democracy and a threat to not only cultural diversity, but also to all life on earth. In this paper I therefore suggest that, contrary to the critics, difference and the horizontal structure of the Occupy Wall Street movement is advantageous. The fact that people are organizing in protests in spite of their diverse cultures is, of course, an act of solidarity and unity. By this they demonstrate their belief that a better world is possible and that valuing cultural diversity and difference is a prerequisite for coexistence and peace. Therefore, the main focus of this paper is to defend difference and diversity against world unity or totality or sameness.
Government Expenditure and Economic Growth in Iran
Authors: Mehrara Mohsen , Abrishami Hamid , Boroujli Mostafa , Amin Mahan
Published: May 2015

This paper examines causal relationships between Government Recurrent Expenditure (GRE) and GDP for Iran using annual data over the period 1970-2010. The Gregory-Hansen (1996) cointegration technique, allowing for the presence of potential structural breaks in data, is applied to empirically examine the long-run co-movement between these variables. The results suggest that there is a long-run relationship between these variables. The Granger Causality test indicates strong unidirectional effects from GDP to GRE. But there is no evidence that TRE promotes long-term economic growth. Moreover, the main results in this paper confirm that there is an instantaneous as well as unidirectional causal link running from GDP to GRE. Based on the results, the policy makers should ensure that recurrent expenditures are properly managed to accelerate economic growth. Moreover, government should promote efficiency in the allocation of resources by encouraging more private sector participation to ensure productivity-intensive growth.
Childe Harold's Journey to the East and “Authenticity”
Authors: Marandi Seyed Mohammad , Pirnajmuddin Hossein
Published: May 2015

This essay deals with the notion of orientalist discourse in Lord Byron‟s Childe Harold's Pilgrimage. Concentrating on the dialectical attitudes towards the „Orient‟ in Byron‟s poem the writers try to show, through a contrapuntal textual analysis, how signs emerge of a somewhat stereotypical and often monolithic Orient. It is argued that the work‟s claim on the authenticity of the representations of the East is a subtle textual strategy. This seems to be true despite the existence of seemingly more favourable views towards „Orientals‟, especially in the footnotes, compared to Turkish Tales. Central to the study is the idea that similar discursive practices also seem to influence most of Byron‟s critics, which include contemporary scholars who have conducted numerous forms of textual analysis through differing theoretical approaches.
Role of Intellectual Capital on Firm Performance (Evidence from Iranian Companies)
Authors: Meihami Bahram , Varmaghani Zeinab , Meihami Hussein
Published: May 2015

Intellectual capital for companies, particularly manufacturing firms in the third millennium can be considered as a competitive advantage. The purpose of the research is to examine the role of innovation capital in the creation of value for business organizations. Intellectual capital (IC) disclosure has been receiving an increasing amount of attention among the companies around the world such as Australian companies, Italian companies and others. This is due to the new economy driven which is knowledge-based economy where value creation become one of the crucial issues in the world and tends to be based on intangible rather than tangible assets. In this study, a questionnaire was distributed among manufacturing companies have tried to collect statistical information. Questionnaire was divided between manufacturing firms and financial operations managers.The result shows that a company‟s IC in general has a The significant positive impact on its financial and market performance.
Can Archaeologist Find the Poor?
Authors: Przybyłok Arkadiusz
Published: May 2015

Archaelogy is sometimes perceive more as a searching for treasures. It is way easier to detach objects that can be related to elites from al found relics. But separaring articles which had their connection with poor and the lowest society group is much harder than this Findings of clothes made of worse fabrics, pieced out and repaired, could be a potential source for the pleb`s material culture. However, we also know examples of clothes meant for the elite, made of many smaller pieces of fabric sewed together for the economy. There are some findings of decorated shose, spoiledm then patched. Many objects use for the next time have been found during excavations in elite`s houses or converted from elite`s weapon. Researches of towns or on the backgrounds. The characted of those archaeological material let us being sure which ones of those buildings were inhabited and, mostly, by the poors. From the other hand, a confrontation of sociotopographic analysis with precise archaeological studies do not bring an unequivocal proof for efficacy of this method. Even if many written sources describe some areas as poor, there were a lot of expensive objects found there. It all shows difficulty or even impossibility of reliable archaological searchings for relics of medieval poverty.
Vocabulary Glossing: A Comparison between L1 Gloss and L2 Gloss in EFL Context
Authors: Meihami Hussein , Meihami Bahram
Published: May 2015

This paper describes a study exploring the effect of vocabulary glossing, L1 gloss, L2 gloss and no gloss, on L2 vocabulary learning. A total of 60 intermediate Iranian students participated in this study. They were divided into three groups: Group one in which students read a text that its new vocabularies were glossed in L1 (Persian); Group two in which new vocabularies were glossed in L2 (English) and group three with No gloss provided. Each group was going to take a vocabulary test at the end of the study based on the provided vocabulary glosses during the study. For the purpose of this research a pretest posttest design was run. The comparison between the three groups pinpointed that No glossed condition had significant difference with L1 and L2 glossing, but there was no significant difference between L1 and L2 vocabulary glossing even though the mean score in L1 glossing condition had improved more than L2 glossing condition in the posttest. It was also revealed that EFL students had positive attitude toward L1 vocabulary glossing.