bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of 1-hour computer use on ulnar and median nerve conduction velocity and muscle activity in office workers
Authors: Threesittidath Kanruethai , Chaibal Supattra , Nitayarak Haifah
Published: May 2024

Objectives

To compare the effects of 1-hour computer use on ulnar and median nerve conduction velocity and muscle activity in office workers with symptomatic neck pain and asymptomatic office workers.

Methods

A total of 40 participants, both male and female office workers, with symptomatic neck pain (n = 20) and asymptomatic (n = 20), were recruited. Pain intensity, ulnar nerve conduction velocity, median nerve conduction velocity, and muscle activity were determined before and after 1 hour of computer use.

Results

There was a significant increase in pain intensity in the neck area in both groups (P < .001). The symptomatic neck pain group revealed a significant decrease in the sensory nerve conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve (P = .008), whereas there was no difference in the median nerve conduction velocity (P > .05). Comparing before and after computer use, the symptomatic neck pain group had less activity of the semispinalis muscles and higher activity of the anterior scalene muscle than the asymptomatic group (P < .05). The trapezius and wrist extensor muscles showed no significant differences in either group (P > .05).

Conclusions

This study found signs of neuromuscular deficit of the ulnar nerve, semispinalis muscle, and anterior scalene muscle after 1 hour of computer use among office workers with symptomatic neck pain, which may indicate the risk of neuromuscular impairment of the upper extremities. The recommendation of resting, and encouraging function and flexibility of the neuromuscular system after 1 hour of computer use should be considered.
A reflection on a womanist theologian’s endeavour to dismantle whiteness, through creating the religious education module ‘Black Religion and Protest’
Authors: Brown Alexandra
Published: May 2024

In his seminal work After Whiteness: An Education in Belonging, Willie Jennings defines a concept he calls ‘whiteness’ and states that this plays the role of the ‘Paterfamilias’, a term born within the Greco–Roman period, which refers to the social system of rule and governance that was centred around the father–master archetype. During slavery, Jennings states that it was on the plantation that the life, logic, and social order of whiteness transpired. The more I engaged with Jennings’ work, the more I began to realize the extent to which the religious education curriculum, and by extension the English education system curriculum, further perpetuated whiteness. Inspired by the works of Jennings and the activism of Black Lives Matter (BLM) following the murder of George Floyd, I was motivated to create and teach a unit in the religious education (RE) curriculum, ‘Black Religion and Protest’. As well as examining the teaching and reception of this unit, this article seeks to unpack the ways in which Britain’s colonial legacy maintains epistemological inequity and hierarchical knowledge.
Small Area Prediction for Exponential Dispersion Families Under Informative Sampling
Authors: Berg Emily , Eideh Abdulhakeem
Published: May 2024

Small area estimates are usually constructed from complex survey data. If the design is informative for the model, then procedures that ignore the sample design can suffer from important biases. Past work on small area estimation under informative sampling has focused heavily on linear models or on the prediction of means. We propose to generalize existing small area procedures for an informative sample design. We develop procedures in the context of a broad class of exponential dispersion families with random small area effects. We consider two models for the survey weights. We construct predictions of means as well as more general parameters that are nonlinear functions of the model response variable. We evaluate the procedures through simulation using a logistic mixed model. We then apply the methods to construct small area estimates of several functions of a wetlands indicator using data from the National Resources Inventory, a large scale agricultural survey.
Exploring lipid–protein interactions in plant membranes
Authors: Škrabálková Eliška , Pejchar Přemysl , Potocký Martin
Published: May 2024

Once regarded as mere membrane building blocks, lipids are now recognized as diverse and intricate players that mold the functions, identities, and responses of cellular membranes. Although the interactions of lipids with integral and peripheral membrane proteins are crucial for their localization, activity, and function, how proteins bind lipids is still far from being thoroughly explored. Describing and characterizing these dynamic protein–lipid interactions is thus essential to understanding the membrane-associated processes. Here we review the current range of experimental techniques employed to study plant protein–lipid interactions, integrating various methods. We summarize the principles, advantages, and limitations of classical in vitro biochemical approaches, including protein–lipid overlays and various liposome binding assays, and complement them with in vivo microscopic techniques centered around the use of genetically encoded lipid sensors and pharmacological or genetic membrane lipid manipulation tools. We also highlight several emerging techniques still awaiting their advancement into plant membrane research and emphasize the need to use complementary experimental strategies as key for elucidating the mechanistic roles of protein–lipid interactions in plant cell biology.
Immunological biomarkers in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis, an exploratory longitudinal Swedish study
Authors: Hellman Urban , Lejon Kristina , Do Lan , Geijer Mats , Baraliakos Xenofon , Witte Torsten , Forsblad-d’Elia Helena
Published: May 2024

Objectives

There is a need for more specific biomarkers to diagnose and predict disease course in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). This study aimed to study immunological plasma biomarkers at different time-points in radiographic (r)-axSpA patients overall and stratified by sex and compare these biomarker patterns in r-axSpA patients concerning disease phenotypes and disease activity.

Methods

Plasma samples were analysed from r-axSpA patients at and prior (Pre-Backbone) inclusion in the Backbone study. Interferon gamma, interleukin-10, -17A, -17F, -22, -23, -6, MCP-1, TNF-α, VEGF-A, MIF, IgA anti-CD74, zonulin, ESR, hsCRP, white blood cell count, and blood lipids were measured.

Results

Biomarker pattern discriminated significantly between r-axSpA patients in Backbone and Pre-Backbone compared with controls. When stratifying by sex, it was possible to discriminate between male and female r-axSpA patients in Backbone vs controls and between male r-axSpA patients in pre-Backbone and controls. In Backbone, markers with high discriminative capacity were MIF, IgA anti-CD74, and MCP-1. In Pre-Backbone, IL-6, TNF-α, MIF, triglycerides, cholesterol, IL-10, and zonulin displayed high discriminative capacity.

Conclusion

Based on their temporal pattern and mutual relationship, we suggest studying MIF, IgA anti-CD74, and MCP-1 in depth, at more time points, to further elucidate disease-driving mechanisms in this complex disease.
Multisite Study of the Management of Musculoskeletal Infection After Trauma: The MMUSKIT Study
Authors: Seidelman Jessica , Ritter Alaina S , Poehlein Emily , Green Cynthia L , Briggs Damon V , Chari Tristan , Therien Aaron D , Aitchison Alexandra Hunter , Lunn Kiera , Zirbes Christian F , Manohar Tanvi , Rijo Diana V , Hagen Jennifer E , Talerico Michael T , DeBaun Malcolm R , Pean Christian A , Certain Laura , Nelson Sandra B
Published: May 2024

Background

The optimal duration and choice of antibiotic for fracture-related infection (FRI) is not well defined. This study aimed to determine whether antibiotic duration (≤6 vs >6 weeks) is associated with infection- and surgery-free survival. The secondary aim was to ascertain risk factors associated with surgery- and infection-free survival.

Methods

We performed a multicenter retrospective study of patients diagnosed with FRI between 2013 and 2022. The association between antibiotic duration and surgery- and infection-free survival was assessed by Cox proportional hazard models. Models were weighted by the inverse of the propensity score, calculated with a priori variables of hardware removal; infection due to Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Pseudomonas or Candida species; and flap coverage. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were run with additional covariates including initial pathogen, need for flap, and hardware removal.

Results

Of 96 patients, 54 (56.3%) received ≤6 weeks of antibiotics and 42 (43.7%) received >6 weeks. There was no association between longer antibiotic duration and surgery-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.95; 95% CI, .65–1.38; P = .78) or infection-free survival (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, .30–1.96; P = .58). Negative culture was associated with increased hazard of reoperation or death (HR, 3.52; 95% CI, 1.99–6.20; P < .001) and reinfection or death (HR, 3.71; 95% CI, 1.24–11.09; P < .001). Need for flap coverage had an increased hazard of reoperation or death (HR, 3.24; 95% CI, 1.61–6.54; P = .001).

Conclusions

The ideal duration of antibiotics to treat FRI is unclear. In this multicenter study, there was no association between antibiotic treatment duration and surgery- or infection-free survival.
Evaluation of Posaconazole Serum Concentrations Achieved With Delayed-release Tablets and Oral Suspension in Patients Undergoing Intensive Chemotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Muehlberg Leonora , Pabst Thomas , Largiadèr Carlo , Aebi Yolanda , Hayoz Michael , Muehlethaler Konrad , Zimmerli Stefan , Hirzel Cédric
Published: May 2024

Data on posaconazole serum levels of patients on prophylaxis with delayed-release tablets or oral suspension during intensive chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome are scarce. In this analysis, the proportion of patients with acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome achieving posaconazole target concentrations with delayed-release tablets was higher than with oral suspension.
Antisense RNA regulates glutamine synthetase in a heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium
Authors: Álvarez-Escribano Isidro , Suárez-Murillo Belén , Brenes-Álvarez Manuel , Vioque Agustín , Muro-Pastor Alicia M
Published: May 2024

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a key enzyme involved in nitrogen assimilation and the maintenance of C/N balance, and it is strictly regulated in all bacteria. In cyanobacteria, GS expression is controlled by nitrogen control A (NtcA) transcription factor, which operates global nitrogen regulation in these photosynthetic organisms. Furthermore, posttranslational regulation of GS is operated by protein–protein interaction with GS inactivating factors (IFs). In this study, we describe an additional regulatory mechanism involving an antisense RNA. In Nostoc sp. PCC 7120, the gifA gene (encoding GS inactivating factor IF7) is transcribed downstream of the GS (glnA) gene, from the opposite strand, and the gifA mRNA extends into the glnA coding sequence in antisense orientation. Therefore, the dual RNA transcript that encodes gifA constitutes two functional regions: a 5′ protein-coding region, encoding IF7, and a 3′ untranslated region that acts as an antisense to glnA. By increasing the levels of such antisense RNA either in cis or in trans, we demonstrate that the amount of GS activity can be modulated by the presence of the antisense RNA. The tail-to-tail disposition of the glnA and gifA genes observed in many cyanobacterial strains from the Nostocales clade suggests the prevalence of such antisense RNA-mediated regulation of GS in this group of cyanobacteria.
The case for a duty to use gender-fair language in democratic representation
Authors: Fumagalli Corrado , Rosola Martina
Published: May 2024

In the light of a study of the difference between political actors and ordinary citizens as language users, and based on three moral arguments (consequence-based, recognition-based, and complicity-based), we propose that democratic representatives have an imperfect duty to use gender-fair-language in their public communication.In the case of members of the executive, such as ministries, prime ministries, and presidents, such an imperfect duty could also be justified on democratic grounds. Their choice of using a gender-unfair language, we argue, can cast doubts on the fundamental democratic commitment to respect the agency of all present and future citizens as potential participants in the law-making process.
Masculinity Challenged: Emotional Responses to State Support for Women’s Employment in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Clingan Lauren
Published: May 2024

Building on the theory that negative emotions lead to backlash, this study examines how men manage their feelings about progressive gender change. For decades, the United Arab Emirates has engaged in what I call state-building feminism, significantly expanding Emirati women’s employment as a means of national development and establishing a modern reputation globally, while adopting neoliberal reforms that challenge men’s legally mandated breadwinning. Through interviews with 33 Emirati men impacted by state-led gender change, I analyze how they reframe initially negative emotional reactions by following feeling rules from institutionally enforced masculinity schemas. As good providers, Emirati men must assume breadwinning responsibility, rendering shared provision emasculating; they manage that feeling through rationalization and deflection. Moreover, as modern men, Emirati men’s frustration with state-building feminism feels culturally inappropriate. This leads them to supplant frustration, through rearticulation and displacement, with unaffected pride—a gendered form of everyday nationalism that supports the UAE’s reputation-building efforts. Their emotional ambivalence, a process of emotional transformation provoked by shifting cultural expectations, provides a framework for understanding how negative emotions need not lead to backlash. These findings underscore the importance of cultural schemas and emotion management in determining how those who feel threatened by progressive social change respond.
Iatrogenic injuries to reservoirs of inflatable penile prosthesis during urologic surgery: a scoping review and case report
Authors: Achalu Priyanka , Okene Michael , Mirheydar Hossein
Published: May 2024

Introduction

First-line treatment options for patients with erectile dysfunction whose medical management has failed include the inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP). Many patients with an IPP require subsequent urologic surgery, during which the reservoir of the IPP can be injured.

Objectives

This review aims to present a summary of current literature related to iatrogenic injuries to the IPP sustained during urologic surgery.

Methods

Two reviewers independently performed a systematic search on PubMed using standardized search terms to identify pertinent articles. After preliminary review, relevant studies were analyzed to identify the presence of perioperative complications resulting in IPP reservoir injury. Results were categorized by surgical procedures.

Results

Among 13 articles included, all were based on urologic surgery. Four studies identified IPP reservoir injury as a result of surgical injury. Of these, injuries occurred during radical prostatectomy (n = 3) and prostatic urethral lift surgery (UroLift, n = 1). Most radical prostatectomy studies without IPP reservoir injuries also described intentional surgical techniques that were employed to prevent reservoir damage, including modulation of reservoir inflation-deflation (n = 3), temporary reservoir repositioning (n = 1), or reservoir capsule dissection to improve visualization (n = 1). Findings from an additional novel case report on IPP injury during a UroLift procedure are presented in this review.

Conclusion

Approximately one-third of studies identified intraoperative IPP reservoir injury as a significant complication of urologic surgery, particularly during radical prostatectomy. Novel case report findings also contribute the only other case of IPP reservoir damage sustained from delivery of UroLift implants. Findings are used to create a standardized surgical checklist that guides perioperative planning measures prior to pursuing surgery in adjacent spaces.
Use and Outcomes of Dexamethasone in the Management of Malignant Small Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Yang Frank F. , Serrano Elina , Bilodeau Kyle S. , Weykamp Michael , Silvestri Caitlin J. , Bull Ashleigh C. M. , Lin Brenda , Schaefer Sara L. , Galet Colette , Garcia Luis J. , Gitonga Baraka , Kolodziej David T. , Esposito Samantha , Parker-Brigham Molly , Luhar Rohan , Mamgain Avinash , Brown Kendrick C. , Dewdney Summer , Price Thea P. , Siparsky Nicole , Knerr Sarah , Park Pauline K. , Sanchez Sabrina , Skeete Dionne A. , Fischkoff Katherine N. , Flum David R.
Published: May 2024

Objective:

To describe rates of dexamethasone use in the nonoperative management of malignant small bowel obstruction (mSBO) and their outcomes.

Background:

mSBO is common in patients with advanced abdominal-pelvic cancers. Management includes prioritizing quality of life and avoiding surgical intervention when possible. The use of dexamethasone to restore bowel function is recommended in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for mSBO. Yet, it is unknown how often dexamethasone is used for mSBO and whether results from nonresearch settings support its use.

Methods:

This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study including unique admissions for mSBO from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021. Dexamethasone use and management outcomes were summarized with descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression.

Results:

Among 571 admissions (68% female, mean age 63 years, 85% history of abdominal surgery) that were eligible and initially nonoperative, 26% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 23%–30%] received dexamethasone treatment (69% female, mean age 62 years, 87% history of abdominal surgery). Dexamethasone use by site ranged from 13% to 52%. Among dexamethasone recipients, 13% (95% CI = 9%–20%) subsequently required nonelective surgery during the same admission and 4 dexamethasone-related safety-events were reported. Amongst 421 eligible admissions where dexamethasone was not used, 17% (95% CI = 14%–21%) required nonelective surgery. Overall, the unadjusted odds ratio (OR) for nonelective surgery with dexamethasone use compared to without its use was 0.7 (95% CI = 0.4–1.3). Using multiple logistic regression, OR after adjusting for site, age, sex, history of abdominal surgery, nasogastric tube, and Gastrografin use was 0.6 (95% CI = 0.3–1.1).

Conclusion:

Dexamethasone was used in about 1 in 4 eligible mSBO admissions with high variability of use between tertiary academic centers. This multicenter retrospective cohort study suggested an association between dexamethasone use and lower rates of nonelective surgery, representing a potential opportunity for quality improvement.
Effect of Body Mass Index on Pedobarographic and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Adolescent Flexible Flat Feet
Authors: Blackwood Victoria , Jeans Kelly A. , Zide Jacob R. , Riccio Anthony I.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Although adolescent flexible flatfoot deformity (FFD) is common, little is known regarding the effect of weight on associated symptomatology. This study uses pedobarography and patient-reported outcome measures (PROs) to determine if overweight adolescents with FFD have more severe alterations in dynamic plantar pressures than normal body mass index percentiles (wnBMI) with FFD and if such alterations correlate with pain and activity.

Methods:

A retrospective review of patients aged 10 to 18 years with nonsyndromic symptomatic FFD was performed. Overweight (BMI percentile ≥ 85%) patients were compared with wnBMI patients with regard to dynamic plantar pressure measures and PRO scores. Pedobarographic data were subdivided into regions: medial/lateral hindfoot and midfoot, and first, second, and third to fifth metatarsals. Plantar pressure variables were normalized to account for differences in foot size, body weight, and walking speed. Contact area (CA%), maximum force by body weight (MF%), and contact time as a percentage of the rollover process (CT%) were calculated. Two foot-specific PROs were assessed, including the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score and the Oxford Ankle Foot Measure for Children.

Results:

Of the 48 adolescents studied, 27 (56%) were overweight and 21 (44%) were wnBMI. After normalization of the data, overweight patients had significantly greater medial midfoot MF%, whereas CT% was increased across the medial and lateral midfoot and hindfoot regions. Correlations showed positive trends: as BMI percentile increases, so will CA and MF in the medial midfoot, as well as CT in the medial and lateral midfoot and hindfoot. Significant differences were seen between groups, with the overweight group reporting lower sports and recreation subscores than the wnBMI group. No significant differences were seen in the pain and disability subscores.

Conclusions:

Although overweight adolescents with FFD exhibit greater forces and more time spent during the rollover process in the medial midfoot than normal-weight patients, they did not report worse pain or disability associated with their flat foot deformity.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic level 3.
The Longitudinal Effects of Posterior Spinal Fusion with Derotation on Axial Deformity in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Linden Gabriel S. , Adhiyaman Akshitha , Zucker Colson P. , Thakur Ankush , Wisch Jenna L. , Hillstrom Howard , Groisser Benjamin N. , Mintz Douglas N. , Cunningham Matthew E. , Haddas Ram , Hresko M. Timothy , Blanco John S. , Widmann Roger F. , Heyer Jessica H.
Published: May 2024

Study Design.

Retrospective case series.

Objective.

To characterize the change in angle of trunk rotation (ATR), axial vertebral rotation (AVR), and body surface rotation (BSR) in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) undergoing posterior spinal fusion (PSF) with en-bloc derotation across multiple postoperative visits.

Summary of Background Data.

Previous research has documented ATR, AVR, and BSR correction for AIS patients after surgery. However, there is a lack of evidence on the sustainability of this correction over time.

Methods.

This was a retrospective study from a single-center prospective surface topographic registry of patients with AIS, age 11-20 at time of surgery, who underwent PSF with en-bloc derotation. Patients with previous spine surgery were excluded. ATR was measured with a scoliometer, AVR through EOS radiographic imaging, and BSR via surface topographic scanning, Data collection occurred at: preoperative, six-week, three-month, six-month, one-year, and two-year postoperative visits. BSR and AVR were tracked at the preoperative apical vertebral level, and the level with maximum deformity, at each respective timepoint. Generalized estimating equations models were used for statistical analysis. Covariates included age, sex, and body mass index.

Results.

49 patients (73.4% female, mean age 14.6±2.2 years, mean preoperative coronal curve angle 57.9°±8.5, and 67% major thoracic) were evaluated. ATR correction was significantly improved at all postoperative timepoints and there was no significant loss of correction. AVR Max and AVR Apex were significantly improved at all timepoints but there was a significant loss of correction for AVR Apex between the six-week and one-year visit (P=0.032). BSR Max achieved significant improvement at the three-month visit. BSR Apex was significantly improved at the three-month and one-year visit.

Conclusion.

ATR and AVR demonstrated significant axial plane correction at two-years postoperative in patients undergoing PSF for AIS. BSR did not maintain significant improvement by the two-year visit.
Chondrosarcoma of the Mobile Spine
Authors: Tobert Daniel G. , Messier Sidney , Schoenfeld Andrew J. , Bakshi Chinmay , MacDonald Shannon M. , Schwab Joseph H.
Published: May 2024

Study Design.

Retrospective study.

Objective.

The objective of this study was to report the clinical data for patients treated with mobile spine chondrosarcoma.

Summary of Background Data.

Chondrosarcoma of the mobile spine is a rare and challenging entity. A handful of case series have been published that report the clinical results of treatment, largely influenced by chondrosarcoma of the appendicular skeleton and pelvis. The clinical results of patients treated for chondrosarcoma of the mobile spine from our institution were published over 10 years ago and this represents and update since that publication.

Methods.

Inclusion criteria were adults patients treated for chondrosarcoma of the mobile spine at Massachusetts General Hospital between 2007 and 2020. Patients with large sacral tumors extending into the lumbar spine were excluded. Furthermore, we excluded patients with metastatic chondrosarcoma undergoing palliative decompressions for neurological instability or instrumented procedures for biomechanical instability. Therefore, only patients undergoing definitive surgery at the primary site of disease in the mobile spine were included.

Results.

A total of 24 patients were included for review in this series. Seventeen of the 24 patients had their tumors excised with negative (R0) margins. Three of these 17 patients (18%) were dead of disease at final follow-up. There were two patients with R1 resections and five patients with R2 resections. Three of the seven patients (43%) with positive margins were dead of disease at final follow-up. A Cox proportional hazard analysis indicated total radiation dose was a significant covariate (HR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.01–1.39, P=0.03).

Conclusions.

We found higher percentages of overall survival with R0 tumor resection and lower histologic grade, whereas development of metastatic disease was closely associated with local recurrence and poor survival. Despite the improvements in treatment paradigms, it is sobering that our findings largely mirror those of previous work considering patients treated between 1984 and 2006.
Advancing cell-based therapy in sepsis: An anesthesia outlook
Authors: Ye Hui , Zou Xiaoyu , Fang Xiangming
Published: May 2024

Sepsis poses a health challenge globally owing to markedly high rates of morbidity and mortality. Despite employing bundle therapy over two decades, approaches including transient organ supportive therapy and clinical trials focusing on signaling pathways have failed in effectively reversing multiple organ failure in patients with sepsis. Prompt and appropriate perioperative management for surgical patients with concurrent sepsis is urgent. Consequently, innovative therapies focusing on remedying organ injuries are necessitated. Cell therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic avenue for repairing local damage to vital organs and restoring homeostasis during perioperative treatment for sepsis. Given the pivotal role of immune cell responses in the pathogenesis of sepsis, stem cell-based interventions that primarily modulate immune responses by interacting with multiple immune cells have progressed into clinical trials. The strides made in single-cell sequencing and gene-editing technologies have advanced the understanding of disease-specific immune responses in sepsis. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-immune cell therapy offers an intriguing option for the treatment of sepsis. This review provides a concise overview of immune cell therapy, its current status, and the strides made in the context of sepsis research, discussing potential strategies for the management of patients with sepsis during perioperative stages.
Outcome Measures in Adult Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Morrel Beth , ten Kate-Booij Marianne J. , van Dijk Charlotte , Bramer Wichor M. , Burger Curt W. , Pasmans Suzanne G.M.A. , van der Avoort Irene A.M.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Core outcome domains (CODs) for treatment of adult vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) have recently been established through a Delphi study. A number of measuring tools are available for evaluating VLS. The aim of this study is to identify available standardized measurement tools for the major CODs for VLS that have recently been defined, namely, physical findings and quality of life (QoL) specific to VLS.

Materials and Methods

A systematic search through September 8, 2023, for measuring tools applicable to VLS regarding physical findings and QoL including sexual function or sexual well-being and self-image was performed.

Results

Thirty-five studies were included in the systematic review describing 26 tools covering the following 6 outcome domains: QoL-general health, QoL-lichen sclerosus specific, symptoms, clinical signs, emotional impact, and sexual functioning.

Conclusions

In current research, there is no uniformity in use of measurement tools for evaluating VLS. The established CODs to evaluate treatment of VLS are applicable for evaluating disease course as well. A comprehensive study to reach consensus regarding measurement of physical findings, QoL-lichen sclerosus specific, sexuality, and self-image taking the predetermined CODs and other factors such as age into account is needed.
Palliative Care Practices and Knowledge of Home Care Nurses in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almulla Halah , Dieckmann Nathan F. , Najjar Rana Halabi , Hassouneh Dena
Published: May 2024

Palliative Care (PC) is an interdisciplinary specialty focused on relieving symptoms and optimizing quality of life for people living with serious illnesses and their families. A great need for PC exists in Saudi Arabia due to its aging population and prevalence of cancer and other chronic diseases. Home healthcare can make PC more accessible to patients, but clinicians must be equipped with the PC knowledge and skills to perform their roles. This study was a descriptive, correlational examination of PC practices and knowledge of home care nurses recruited from military hospitals in Saudi Arabia. We surveyed participants using the Palliative Care Quiz for Nursing (PCQN) and the Modified Global Home Health Nursing Care Assessment Questionnaire. The mean PCQN score was 8.40, indicating low levels of PC knowledge. A nurses' demographic and physical, spiritual, religious, cultural, linguistic, ethical, and legal aspects of care revealed significant associations. Given the low levels of PC knowledge and skills, we recommend focusing on education, training, and research. Universities should review their curriculum to ensure PC content. Hospitals should provide training programs focused on all aspects of PC, specifically emotional and spiritual, without limiting training to physical aspects of care. Future research is also needed to inform policy in this area.
Aesthetic Rib Cage Remodeling with Osteosynthesis: Body Structural High-Definition Reshaping (Rib Osteotomy with Osteosynthesis Stabilization)
Authors: Aguilar Villa Hugo , Villabona-Florez Silvia J. , Hoyos Alfredo E. , Perez Pachon Mauricio E. , Serrano-Reyes Hector Mauricio , Diaz Sandoval Cristian J.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Rib cage remodeling has shown promising aesthetic results as a new technique for body contouring, and yet risks and complications associated with the procedure have not been well established. The aim of the authors’ study was to assess safety, efficacy, and patient satisfaction rate associated with a new surgical technique for waistline definition.

Methods:

The authors looked into their records for patients who underwent waist narrowing through a new rib remodeling procedure with osteosynthesis of ribs XI and XII from October of 2022 to June of 2023. Follow-up was carried out at 1 and 3 months after surgery. Outcomes were evaluated based on waist and hip measurements, body image, pain, and a patient satisfaction survey.

Results:

A total of 27 consecutive patients were included in the analysis. The authors’ technique resulted in a significant reduction in waist circumference, as evidenced by a decrease of 12.1 cm and 13.0 cm at the first and third months, respectively (P < 0.005). A reduction of hip circumference of 6.2 cm and 8.7 cm at the first and third months, respectively, was also reported. A high patient satisfaction rate was reported. Postoperative complications included only 1 case of wound dehiscence and 1 case of mild pain. Pain levels were also reduced, with a mean pain score of 2.4 at week 1 and 0.26 at month 1.

Conclusions:

Rib osteotomy with osteosynthesis emerges as an innovative, safe, and reliable approach for waist narrowing. The authors’ results suggest that this technique can be applied to a wide variety of patients, and it might entail significant advantages compared with other techniques.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic, IV.
Evaluation of the Contrast Enhancement Performance of Gadopiclenol for Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Healthy Rabbits and Pigs
Authors: Hugon Gaëlle , Adriaensen Hans , Wintrebert Mélody , Arnould Laurent , Serfaty Jean-Michel , Robert Philippe
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Unexpected accumulations of gadolinium in various organs were reported after the administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents, making desirable to reduce the dose while maintaining equivalent diagnostic performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contrast enhancement performance of high relaxivity gadopiclenol compared with gadoterate meglumine in abdominal contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA).

Materials and Methods

In a first study in healthy rabbits, axial 3D gradient echo sequences were applied at 4.7 T to study arterial enhancement as a function of gadopiclenol dose (0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1 mmol Gd/kg) or gadoterate meglumine at 0.1 mmol Gd/kg (n = 5–6/group). The increase in signal-to-noise ratio (ΔSNR) in the aorta at the first pass was measured and compared. In a second, crossover study in 6 healthy pigs, abdominal CE-MRA sequences were acquired at 3 T with gadopiclenol at 0.05 mmol Gd/kg or gadoterate meglumine at 0.1 mmol Gd/kg at a 1-week interval. Quantitatively on the maximum intensity projection (MIP) images, the mean MIP SNR within the aorta of both groups was compared. Qualitatively, a blinded comparison of the angiograms was performed by an experienced radiologist to determine the preferred contrast agent.

Results

In the rabbit, ∆SNR is linearly correlated with the gadopiclenol dose (P = 0.0010). Compared with gadoterate meglumine 0.1 mmol Gd/kg, an increase in the ∆SNR is observed after 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1 mmol Gd/kg of gadopiclenol (+63% P = 0.0731, +78% P = 0.0081, and +72% P = 0.0773, respectively), whereas at 0.025 mmol Gd/kg, ∆SNR is in the same range as with gadoterate meglumine 0.1 mmol Gd/kg (+15% P > 0.9999). In pigs, contrast enhancement after gadopiclenol at 0.05 mmol/kg is +22% superior to MIP SNR after gadoterate meglumine at 0.1 mmol Gd/kg (P = 0.3095). Qualitatively, a preference was shown for gadopiclenol images (3/6) over the gadoterate meglumine examinations (1/6), with no preference being shown for the remainder (2/6).

Conclusions

First-pass CE-MRA is feasible with gadopiclenol at 0.05 mmol Gd/kg with at least the same arterial signal enhancement and image quality as gadoterate meglumine at 0.1 mmol Gd/kg.
Machine Learning for Automatic Detection of Velopharyngeal Dysfunction: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Lucas Claiborne , Torres-Guzman Ricardo , James Andrew J. , Corlew Scott , Stone Amy , Powell Maria E. , Golinko Michael , Pontell Matthew E.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Even after palatoplasty, the incidence of velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) can reach 30%; however, these estimates arise from high-income countries (HICs) where speech-language pathologists (SLP) are part of standardized cleft teams. The VPD burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is unknown. This study aims to develop a machine-learning model that can detect the presence of VPD using audio samples alone.

Methods:

Case and control audio samples were obtained from institutional and publicly available sources. A machine-learning model was built using Python software.

Results:

The initial 110 audio samples used to test and train the model were retested after format conversion and file deidentification. Each sample was tested 5 times yielding a precision of 100%. Sensitivity was 92.73% (95% CI: 82.41%–97.98%) and specificity was 98.18% (95% CI: 90.28%–99.95%). One hundred thirteen prospective samples, which had not yet interacted with the model, were then tested. Precision was again 100% with a sensitivity of 88.89% (95% CI: 78.44%–95.41%) and a specificity of 66% (95% CI: 51.23%–78.79%).

Discussion:

VPD affects nearly 100% of patients with unrepaired overt soft palatal clefts and up to 30% of patients who have undergone palatoplasty. VPD can render patients unintelligible, thereby accruing significant psychosocial morbidity. The true burden of VPD in LMICs is unknown, and likely exceeds estimates from HICs. The ability to access a phone-based screening machine-learning model could expand access to diagnostic, and potentially therapeutic modalities for an innumerable amount of patients worldwide who suffer from VPD.
Exploring media representation of the exotic pet trade: taxonomic, framing, and language biases in peer-reviewed publications and newspaper articles
Authors: Bielby Jon , Austen Gail E. , McMillan Kirsten M. , Wafflart Shannen M.
Published: May 2024

The exotic pet trade is a global industry with considerable implications for a range of taxa and stakeholders. The scale of the trade means it receives coverage in both popular and scientific media, and some narratives may receive more attention than others. As these media play an important role in shaping public opinion, policy, and legislation, we should consider and acknowledge biases and language use when reporting on the exotic pet trade.

We use 320 peer-reviewed journal articles, and 191 newspaper articles on the exotic pet trade between 2001 and 2020 to investigate the frequency of use, citation rate, and language-use across framing categories and taxonomic foci within and between media-types.

Our results suggest consistent biases in reporting of the trade within and between media-types, highlighting limitations in both. Aspects of welfare were underrepresented in peer-reviewed articles relative to other framings, but it was the most common focus of newspaper articles.

If the exotic pet trade is to develop into a more ethical, sustainable, economically beneficial sector, then reassessing our narratives, improving knowledge flow, and encouraging interdisciplinary and comprehensive debates within the field will be essential parts of the process.
Consistent movement of viewers’ facial keypoints while watching emotionally evocative videos
Authors: Tripathi Shivansh Chandra , Garg Rahul
Published: May 2024

Neuropsychological research aims to unravel how diverse individuals’ brains exhibit similar functionality when exposed to the same stimuli. The evocation of consistent responses when different subjects watch the same emotionally evocative stimulus has been observed through modalities like fMRI, EEG, physiological signals and facial expressions. We refer to the quantification of these shared consistent signals across subjects at each time instant across the temporal dimension as Consistent Response Measurement (CRM). CRM is widely explored through fMRI, occasionally with EEG, physiological signals and facial expressions using metrics like Inter-Subject Correlation (ISC). However, fMRI tools are expensive and constrained, while EEG and physiological signals are prone to facial artifacts and environmental conditions (such as temperature, humidity, and health condition of subjects). In this research, facial expression videos are used as a cost-effective and flexible alternative for CRM, minimally affected by external conditions. By employing computer vision-based automated facial keypoint tracking, a new metric similar to ISC, called theAverage t-statistic, is introduced. Unlike existing facial expression-based methodologies that measure CRM of secondary indicators like inferred emotions, keypoint, and ICA-based features, theAverage t-statisticis closely associated with the direct measurement of consistent facial muscle movement using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). This is evidenced in DISFA dataset where the time-series ofAverage t-statistichas a high correlation (R2= 0.78) with a metric calledAU consistency, which directly measures facial muscle movement through FACS coding of video frames. The simplicity of recording facial expressions with the automatedAverage t-statisticexpands the applications of CRM such as measuring engagement in online learning, customer interactions, etc., and diagnosing outliers in healthcare conditions like stroke, autism, depression, etc. To promote further research, we have made the code repository publicly available.
Larval motility assay using WMicrotracker™: a high throughput test to discriminate between resistance and susceptibility to anthelmintic drugs in nematodes
Authors: Alberich Mélanie , Garcia Marie , Petermann Julie , Blancfuney Clara , Jouffroy Sophie , Jacquiet Philippe , Lespine Anne
Published: May 2024

Grazing ruminants suffer from various helminth infections particularly those caused by gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasites, which have a considerable impact on their welfare and productivity. Treatment predominantly relies on macrocyclic lactone (ML) anthelmintics, but their widespread application has led to the emergence of drug-resistant parasite populations worldwide. The standard method for detecting resistance, the Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT), is susceptible to misinterpretation, leading to flawed management decisions that undermine parasite control efforts. Thus, there is a pressing need for robust resistance detection methods in field parasites. We investigated the potential of the WMicrotrackerTM(WMi) motility assay, previously unexplored in ML resistance assessment. The assay first compared ivermectin (IVM) susceptibility among wild-type Bristol N2 (N2B), IVM-selected (IVR10), andnhr-8loss-of-function (AE501;nhr8(ok186))Caenorhabditis elegansstrains. Dose-response curves indicated differences in IVM susceptibility among strains, with IVR10 exhibiting a 2.12-fold decrease in sensitivity compared to N2B. Cross-resistance between IVM, moxidectin (MOX), and eprinomectin (EPR) was explored, demonstrating reduced susceptibility in IVR10 across all drugs compared to N2B. Further investigation was conducted usingHaemonchus contortus(H. contortus) to assess the assay’s applicability in discriminating susceptible from resistant isolates. Results revealed significant differences in drug potency between susceptible and resistant isolates, with MOX demonstrating the highest efficacy. Resistance factors (RF) highlighted the substantial resistance of the resistant isolate to EPR. The motility assay effectively discriminated susceptible from resistant isolates in bothC. elegansandH. contortus. Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, the relevance of the motility assay by WMi as a functional indicator of resistance in nematodes, offering a promising avenue for detecting resistance to MLs. This research sheds light on a novel approach for monitoring drug resistance, vital for effective parasite management strategies.
Differential control of intestine function by genetically defined enteric neurons
Authors: Shi David , Reddy Pranav , Walker Christopher , Marrin McKayla , Siu Catherine , Sharma Nikhil
Published: May 2024

The function of the intestine is regulated by direct innervation from a combination of enteric, sensory, and autonomic neurons. A central question in neurobiology is how these distinct peripheral neuron populations collectively control intestinal function. However, disambiguating the functions of intestine-innervating neuronal populations has been a challenge. Using intersectional genetic approaches in mice, we enable precise manipulations of defined neuronal populations within the intestinal tract. We examined enteric neurons, which represent the majority of intestine-innervating neurons, by genetically isolating neuronal subclasses, identifying their morphological specializations, and defining subclass-specific influences on intestinal functions. We further found that food consumption can be modulated by select enteric neuron populations via the spinal sensory afferent pathway. Taken together, the presented molecular genetic characterization of intestine-innervating neurons establishes a foundation for detailed studies of the enteric nervous system and its interactions with the broader neural networks of the body.
Light environment and seasonal variation in the visual system of the red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis)
Authors: Foster Tarah N. , Williamson Alyssa G. , Foster Bradley R. , Toomey Matthew B.
Published: May 2024

The light environment underwater can vary dramatically over space and time, challenging the visual systems of aquatic organisms. To meet these challenges, many species shift their spectral sensitivities through changes in visual pigment chromophore and opsin expression. The red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis) is a cyprinid minnow species that has rapidly expanded its range throughout North America and inhabits a wide range of aquatic habitats. We hypothesized that visual system plasticity has contributed to the red shiner’s success. We investigated plasticity in chromophore usage and opsin expression by collecting red shiners from three Oklahoma creeks that vary in turbidity throughout the year. We characterized the light environment by spectroradiometry, measured chromophore composition of the eyes with high performance liquid chromatography, characterized CYP27C1 enzyme function through heterologous expression, and examined ocular gene expression by RNA sequencing andde novotranscriptome assembly. We observed significantly higher proportions of the long- wavelength shifted A2chromophore in the eyes of fish from the turbid site and in samples collected in winter, suggesting that there may be a temperature-dependent trade-off between chromophore-based spectral tuning and chromophore-related noise. Opsin expression varied between turbid and clear creeks, but did not align with light environment as expected, and the magnitude of these differences was limited compared to the differences in chromophore composition. We confirmed that red shinerCYP27C1catalyzes the conversion of A1to A2, but the ocular expression ofCYP27C1was not well correlated with A2levels in the eye, suggesting conversion may be occurring outside of the eye.