bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RAS Equilibrium Involves in Mesenteric Lymph Return-Mediated Acute Kidney Injury in Mice Underwent Acute Hemorrhage
Authors: Jin Yu-Jie , Su Kun , Zhang Hong , Xie Jin , Sun Hong , Feng Niu-Niu , Du Hui-Bo , Zhang Li-Min , Zhang Wen-Li , Yang Xiu-Hong , Zhao Zi-Gang
Published: July 2020

Background: Previous studies demonstrated renin-angiotensin system (RAS) played vital roles in shock-induced organ injury, and mesenteric lymph return was involved in hemorrhagic shock-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Nevertheless, whether RAS is involved in PHSML-mediated AKI remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the role of RAS in post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph (PHSML)-induced AKI. Methods: After acute hemorrhage and fluid resuscitation, the mice were treated with mesenteric lymph duct ligation (MLDL) and administrations of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril, angiotensin (1-7) (Ang (1-7)), angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) inhibitor losartan, respectively. In addition, the parts of mice with hemorrhage plus MLDL were treated with Ang II, Mas receptor (MasR) inhibitor A-779, respectively. Meanwhile, the ACE2-/- mice received hemorrhage plus MLDL. At 4 h after resuscitation, the kidneys were harvested for the observation of histomorphology and measurement of ACE, ACE2, AT1R, MasR expressions and Ang II and Ang (1-7) levels.Results: Hemorrhagic shock induced renal tissue injury, increased the ACE and AT1R expressions, decreased the ACE2 and MasR expressions in kidney, accompanied by elevated Ang II and depressed Ang (1-7) in kidney. These adverse effects were partially reversed by MLDL or administrations of enalapril, Ang-(1-7), and losartan, respectively. In addition, the beneficial role of MLDL was reversed by ACE2 deficiency and Ang II or A-779 administrations. Conclusion: MLDL alleviates hemorrhagic shock-induced AKI in mice is related to the equilibrium ACE-AngII-AT1R and ACE2-Ang (1-7)-MasR axis.
Remote Liver Ischemic Preconditioning Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/reperfusion Injury in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Liu Xinhao , Chen Hui , Yan Zhibing , Du Lei , Huang Dou , Gao WeiDong , Hu Zhaoyang
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) exhibits a higher sensitivity to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury and may compromise the effectiveness of cardioprotective interventions, including ischemic preconditioning. We previously found that liver ischemic preconditioning(RLIPC) could limit infarct size post I/R in normal rat hearts and further exerted anti-arrhythmic effects in diabetic or non-diabetic rats after myocardial I/R, however, little is known regarding the effect of RLIPC on infarct-sparing in diabetic hearts. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of RLIPC on I/R injury in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats.METHODS:Type 1 diabetes mellitus was induced by one-time intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in Sprague–Dawley rats. Rats were exposed to 45 min of left anterior descendin(LAD) coronary artery occlusion, followed by 3 h of reperfusion. For liver ischemic preconditioning, four cycles of 5 min of liver I/R stimuli were performed before LAD occlusion. the cardioprotective effect of RLIPC was determined in diabetic rats.RESULTS: Compared to non-RLIPC treated DM rats, RLIPC treatment significantly reduced infarct size in diabetic hearts post I/R. RLIPC also improved cardiac functions including LVESP, LVEDP, dp/dtmax, and -dp/dtmax. In addition, RLIPC could largely preserved cardiac morphology by reducing the pathological score post I/R in diabetic hearts. Finally, western blotting analysis showed that RLIPC stimulated phosphorylation of ventricular GSK-3β and STAT-5, which are key components of RISK and SAFE signaling pathways.
Is Whole Brain Radiotherapy Enough for Palliative Care of Patients with Infratentorial Brain Metastases from Lung or Breast Cancer?
Authors: Cacho-Díaz Bernardo , Alvarez-Alvarez Alejandra , Salmerón-Moreno Karen , Rodríguez-Mayoral Oscar , Santiago-Concha Bernardino Gabriel , Arrieta Oscar
Published: July 2020

Background: Brain metastases (BM) occur in almost one third of patients with solid tumors. The aim of the study was to compare the prognosis of patients treated with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) among patients with supra- or infratentorial lesions.Material and Methods: At a single center, 263 patients with either breast (BC) or lung (LC) cancer, that developed BM and received treatment with WBRT, were analyzed during an 8-year period.Results: A total of 152 patients with BC and 111 with LC were analyzed, median age at the time of BM was 50.7 years, systemic activity other than BM was detected in 91%. Newly diagnosed BM were supratentorial and infratentorial in 133 patients (51%); exclusively supratentorial in 105 patients (40%); and exclusively infratentorial in 10%. Globally, 238 patients (90%) had supratentorial lesions, and 158 (60%) had infratentorial lesions. Median overall survival was 13 months (95%CI 11.1-14.8 months), without significant difference between supra- or infratentorial location.Conclusion: In patients with LC or BC that develop BM, palliative WBRT is equally effective in those with supra- or infratentorial locations.
Chronic Disease Multimorbidity Among the Canadian Population: Prevalence and Associated Lifestyle Factors
Authors: Geda Nigatu Regassa , Janzen Bonnie , Pahwa Punam
Published: July 2020

Background and Rationale With the increasing prevalence of most chronic diseases, multimorbidity is becoming an important public health concern in the Canadian population. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity in the general population based on 14 major chronic diseases and examine associations with lifestyle/behavioral factors.Methods: The data source was the 2015-2016 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). The CCHS is a cross sectional, complex multi-stage survey based on information collected from 109,659 participants aged 12+, covering all provinces and territories. Multimorbidity was measured by counting the co-occurrence of two or more chronic diseases within a person. Multiple logistic regression was the primary analysis. Results: The prevalence of multimorbidity was 33%. Adjusting for sociodemographic variables, there was an increased odds of multimorbidity for those having a sedentary lifestyle (OR=1.06; CI:1.01-1.11) and being obese (OR=1.37;CI:1.32-1.43) or overweight (OR=2.65; CI: 2.54-2.76). . There were also significant interaction effects on multimorbidity,between sex and smoking, and immigration status and alcohol intake..Conclusion and Implications: Given the high prevalence of multimorbidity among the general Canadian population, policy makers and service providers should give more attention to the behavioral/lifestyle factors which significantly predicted multimorbidity. Policy and program efforts that promote a healthy lifestyle should be a priority.
Literature Review of Cystoid Macular Edema in Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome and Its Response to Nepafenac 0.1%
Authors: Nien Lee Hong , Ismail Fazliana , Subrayan Visvaraja
Published: July 2020

Background Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome (ICE) is a rare disease which happens usually in women at 20-40 years of age. About 50% of patient with such disease develops glaucoma.Case presentation A 29-year-old woman presented in August 2015 with right eye blurring of vision for 6 months. On examination, the corneal endothelial with beaten metal appearance was noted. Right eye correctopia with iris atrophy and periphery anterior synechiae were seen. Mottled appearance of the macula which tallied with the optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings of cystoid macular edema (CME) was found. An non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) eye drops (NEVANACÒ Nepafenac ophthalmic suspension 0.1%) was commenced for long term. She was re-examined 2 years later in 2018. Her vision was 6/6. OCT and fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA) finding were normal.Conclusion The NSAIDs was the only treatment received by the patient and throughout the years, her CME has subsided. A long term use of Nepafenac 0.1% has shown to be effective in treating CME in ICE syndrome.
The Effect of Aerobic Walking on Sleep Quality, Stress and Life Satisfaction: A Longitudinal Analysis a Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Wang Feifei
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal effects of a randomized control trial about a goal-setting aerobic walking intervention conducted among sedentary young adults.MethodsA 4-week daily aerobic walking (a. continually walking for at least 10 minutes; b. walk at least 60 steps per minute.) intervention was conducted to examine its effectiveness on sleep quality, stress and life satisfaction. Fifty-four participants aged 19–36 years old were assigned into two groups randomly (i.e. intervention group, control group). Sleep quality, stress and life satisfaction were assessed at baseline, post intervention and four weeks after the intervention by a battery of questionnaires. Omron HJ-112 pedometer and daily diary were used to facilitate the intervention process.ResultsThe comparison between intervention group and control group did not show significant difference in terms of sleep quality, stress and life satisfaction after intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA showed significant longitudinal effect with regard to stress (p = 0.03). Sleep quality was improved close to statistical significance (p = 0.06). Longitudinal analysis reported that the aerobic walking effect pertaining to life satisfaction rather than stress and sleep quality (p = 0.05).ConclusionsAerobic walking is an effective exercise for stress and sleep. Further studies are suggested to explore feasible intervention strategies that could bring long-term effectiveness to health.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04427696. Registered 11June 2020- retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04427696?cntry=HU&city=Budapest&draw=2&rank=1
POLIDON approach- a novel approach for mastoidectomy in COVID-19 pandemic.
Authors: Arefin Mostafa Kamal , Uddin Md.Baha , Islam Md. Zahidul , Arafat Mohammad Shaharior , Alam Md. Noor Kutubul , Talukder Debesh Chandra , Rumi Shaikh Nurul Fattah , Islam Md. Nazmul , Nasiruddin Brig. General Dr. AKM , Fakir Md. Abu Yusuf
Published: July 2020

BackgroundWHO declared COVID-19 outbreak as pandemic in March, 2020, which was started from Wuhan of china. Mastoidectomy is an aerosol generating procedure. If a patient of COVID-19, either confirmed, suspected or asymptomatic career, requires mastoidectomy urgently, it’s a critical issue for the health care professionals for the highly contagious nature of this novel corona virus. Here, some simple, but novel and very effective measures will be discussed for protection of all health care providers (HCPs). Polythene sheet and Povidone Iodine are the change makers in this novel approach of mastoidectomy, mentioned in this article. So, we named the technique as ‘POLIDON approach’ of mastoidectomy.Method/ MaterialPlacement of a transparent, sterile polythene sheet which acts as an interface between patient and surgeons and all other OR staffs is an important issue. Meanwhile, extended use of Povidone Iodine (PVP-I) is recommended in different way. Mouthwash for gargling and nasal application either by spray or nasal irrigation or drop will reduce viral load from nose and mouth of patient. HCPs should use PVP-I prophylactically also. Thus the chance of transmissibility of novel coronavirus is reducedMeanwhile, Povidone Iodine should be mixed with irrigating fluid to help in reduction of contamination by bone dust mixed with fluid, produced during surgery. Conclusion As mastoidectomy is an aerosol generating procedure, and novel coronavirus is highly contagious, so higher level of protection is required. A simple and cheap polythene sheet as barrier drape as well as rational and novel use of Povidone Iodine, i.e. the proposed ‘POLIDON’ approach can significantly reduce the chance of corona virus transmission among the health care professionals working in the operation theatre.
Breastfeeding for children of mothers who are infected with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Faria Ana Paula Vieira , Silva Thales Philipe Rodrigues da , Duarte Camila Kümmel , Santos Luana Caroline dos , Filipe Maria Margarida Leitão , Santos Nágela Cristine Pinheiro , Matozinhos Fernanda Penido
Published: July 2020

The aim of the present study was to perform a systematically review the literature in order to clarify whether breastfeeding is safe for babies of mothers infected with coronavirus, called SARS-CoV-2. The searches were carried out on MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE and government statements and publications and manual search of reference lists on 5 July. The title, abstracts and full text were read in duplicate by two independent researchers to verify the eligibility criteria. From 2723 records, 17 citations were included. Eleven citations guide avoiding breastfeeding in cases of maternal infection confirmed by SARS-CoV-2. Fourteen citations did not present consensus on breastfeeding and twelve citations recommended to maintain breastfeeding. Conclusion : Through the evidence found so far, it is emphasized that the mother / child separation in the neonatal period is discouraged, as it harms the maternal bond, in addition to interfering considerably in breastfeeding. Therefore, the evidence found so far is extremely low in quality and does not present quantitative evidence in one way or another with regard to vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2, there is no way to recommend, avoid or even guarantee that there will be no infection, but it is recommended to continue breastfeeding.
Successful Engraftment of HLA-matched Peripheral Hematopoietic-stem-cell Transplantation for Severe Aplastic Anemia With Multidrug-resistant Bacterial and Fungal Infections
Authors: Hua LI , Li Hua , Li Xiaofan , Chen Xianling , Li Nainong
Published: July 2020

Allogeneic hematopoietic-stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is relatively challenging for the patients with serious infection and intensifying complications. Patients often lost the timing of HSCT due to the poor health status. We report a rare case of successful engraftment of HLA -matched peripheral hematopoietic stem cells for a 15-year-old girl with severe aplastic anemia (SAA), suffering multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infection and fungal infections. With strong antibiotics and life support treatments, the patient received Cy + ATG precondition. The patient received cyclosporine A, methotrexate and mycophenolate for GVHD prophylaxis. Leukocyte and Platelet engraftment occurred on day + 15 and + 35 respectively. The patient’s blood routine test returned to normal on day + 72. The conditioning regimen was well tolerated by patient. Donor's engraftments were achieved successfully. The immunosuppressants were weaned off gradually. We hope this case's experience can be a reference for patients with SAA suffering severe infection on HSCT in future.
Vibration Modelling and the Difference Between Different Vibration Models for a Fewer-DOF Parallel Robot
Authors: Fan Shuai , Fan Shouwen , Zhang Xin , Song Guangkui , Lan Weibin
Published: July 2020

The accuracy of the vibration model used in the design process directly affects the vibration performance of a parallel robot in practice, which determines the machining accuracy and the surface finish of the manufactured products. Considering a drilling parallel robot with a passive branch and few degrees of freedom as the implementation object, a vibration modelling method is proposed in which Kane’s equation is utilized, and various commonly ignored factors, such as the passive branch, the joint clearances and gravity, are considered. To explore the effects of the passive branch, which was considered ideal in previous studies, two dynamic models are derived in which the passive branch is rigid or flexible. To explore the effects of the joint clearances, which were ignored in previous studies, two stiffness models of branches are derived, in which the joint clearances are considered or ignored. Finally, numerical examples are presented for analysing the effects of these commonly ignored factors on the vibration performance of the drilling parallel robot. Regarding to the effects of these commonly ignored factors, the findings of this paper can serve as a reference for designers in simplifying the vibration model in the design process of parallel robot.
Modifications of abundances of some bacteria are associated with the severity of IgA nephropathy in Chinese population
Authors: Zhong ZhengXia , Tan JiaXing , Tan Li , Tang Yi , Qiu ZhiCheng , Pei GaiQin , Qin Wei
Published: July 2020

Background

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is a common autoimmune glomerular disease, the classic manifestations of which are hematuria and proteinuria. The pathogenesis of IgAN has been associated with dysregulated intestinal mucosal immunity. However, whether gut microbial modifications play a part in IgAN remains unclear.
Methods

Blood and fecal samples were collected from 52 IgAN patients and 25 healthy controls (HCs). The gut microbiome was analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing, followed by analyses of gut microbiota composition. Furthermore, the levels of galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1), soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and C-reactive protein (CRP) was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results

Substantial differences in gut microbiota were found between IgAN patients and HCs (P < 0.05). The abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Bacteroides and Escherichia-Shigella) was significantly higher in IgAN patients than in HCs, while that of beneficial strains (Bifidobacterium and Blautia spp.) was lower. Higher proportions of Escherichia-Shigella and lower proportions of Bifidobacterium spp. were observed in IgAN patients with a high urine RBC count (≥ 10/HP) and proteinuria (≥ 1 g/24 h) levers. Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to assess the association between gut microbiota and biomarkers in IgAN patients. The results showed that the genus Prevotella 7 was negatively correlated with Gd-IgA1, LBP, sCD14, and ICAM-1, while Bifidobacterium spp. presented a significant inverse relationship with LBP and Gd-IgA1. Additionally, Escherichia-Shigella was negatively correlated with Prevotella 7.
Conclusions

In IgAN patients, gut modifications were characterized by an increase in the numbers of pathogenic bacteria and a reduction in the levers of beneficial bacteria. Our results suggest that disturbance of the intestinal microflora might play a critical part in the severity of IgAN, and may be a potential therapeutic target.
Borderline Sign of A Rare Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma: Report of A Case
Authors: Wen Yang , Fang Songhua , Zhao Ming , He Xianglei
Published: July 2020

Background: Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is a unique subtype of liposarcoma, which has obvious histological heterogeneity. Most of them manifested as the dedifferentiation of high-grade histological morphology, but a few could be the dedifferentiation of low-grade histological morphology, or present as some special types of histological or immunophenotypic characteristics. We describe, herein, a case of rare type of dedifferentiated liposarcoma, in which the dedifferentiated components are high-grade and low-grade coexisting with a relatively sharp transition.Case presentation: A 69-year-old woman with severe abdominal pain lasting for 1 hour presented to our hospital. Physical examination revealed a mobile large left abdominal mass, which was shown on abdominal CT and MRI as a huge retroperitoneal tumor with lipogenic component and solid nonlipogenic components. Tumor resection was performed. Gross examination of the resected specimen showed the gray yellow fatty mass and a round like solid nodule adjacent to the fatty mass, the cut surface of the nodule was gray-white or fish flesh color, and gray yellow in the nodular center. Microscopic examination demonstrated the tumor contains the well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS) component and the DDLPS component. The latter was composed of coexisting high-grade and low-grade components in which multiple focal regions of a sudden transition between the high-grade and the low-grade dedifferentiated component were identified. Immunohistochemistry showed that P16, CDK4, and MDM2 were diffusely positive. The FISH analysis revealed the presence of MDM2 gene amplification in the nuclei of the atypical cells. A final diagnosis of DDLPS was rendered.Conclusion: In our case, the borderline sign between the high-grade and low-grade dedifferentiated components in the histology may indicate that there can be obvious differentiation lines in tumor dedifferentiation, which is classically and typically abrupt. Low-grade dedifferentiation may be a precursor lesion of high-grade dedifferentiation. MRI images cannot distinguish the two components.
Physiological Factors Affecting Nutrient Uptake and Distribution and Fruit Quality in ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘WA 38’ Apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.)
Authors: Gomez Raquel , Kalcsits Lee
Published: July 2020

‘Honeycrisp’ is among the most widely grown apple cultivars in the United States and ‘WA 38’ is a new apple cultivar released in Washington State. ‘Honeycrisp’ is highly susceptible to bitter pit and other physiological disorders; however, ‘WA 38’ is not susceptible to bitter pit but little is known about its susceptibility to other disorders. Bitter pit is a calcium-related disorder that has been associated with localized calcium deficiencies in fruit in addition to the proportions of calcium relative to the presence of other nutrients like potassium and magnesium. The objective of this study was to compare physiological differences and fruit quality between ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘WA 38’ to determine how these differences might correspond to differences in mineral nutrient composition and bitter pit susceptibility. Here, ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘WA 38’ elemental composition in leaves, fruit, and xylem sap was measured every 20 days starting 30 days after full bloom and compared with leaf gas exchange and stem water potential. ‘Honeycrisp’ had greater foliar transpiration rates that corresponded with greater calcium in the leaves and lower leaf K+Mg/Ca ratio, when compared with ‘WA 38’. In contrast, fruit calcium concentrations were higher for ‘WA 38’ with lower K+Mg/Ca ratios. Xylem conductance was higher during late summer in ‘WA 38’ compared with ‘Honeycrisp’. ‘WA 38’ fruit was denser than ‘Honeycrisp’ and more research is needed to determine whether differences in fruit structure may affect susceptibility to bitter pit in apple.
Modifikasi Bentonit Menggunakan Surfaktan Kationik Benzalkonium Klorida
Authors: Turmiati Titik , Udaibah Wirda , Mulyatun Mulyatun
Published: July 2020

Bentonit alam yang telah dimodifikasi menjadi organobentonit dengan menggunakan surfaktakan kationik Benzalkonium Klorida sebagai agen penginterkalasi dengan berbagai variasi suhu. Material hasil sintesis diaplikasikan sebagai adsorben untuk penyerapan logam berat berupa ion logam Zn2+. Proses adsorpsi dilakukan dalam berbagai variasi kondisi yaitu pH dan waktu kontak. Hasil analisis XRD menunjukkan material bentonit yang telah dimodifikasi berhasil di sintesis, hal ini terlihat dari jarak antar lapis pada suhu 50˚C sebesar 15,06 Å, suhu 60˚C sebesar 16,76 Å dan suhu 70 ˚C sebesar 16,50 Å dibandingkan dengan bentonit alam sebesar 12,09 Å. Spektra FTIR menunjukkan serapan pita 2360 cm-1 yaitu adanya vibrasi C-N dan 1465 cm-1 adanya vibrasi N-H. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya garam ammonium kuartener yang di pada interlayer bentonit. Penentuan pH optimum dan waktu kontak pada saat adsorpsi. Dari pH  4-8 menunjukkan bahwa pH optimum untuk proses adsorpsi ion logam Zn2+ adalah pH 6 dengan daya adsorpsi sebesar 99,914%, sedangkan pada bentonit alam sebesar 92,94%, kemudian untuk waktu kontak adalah di 60-120 menit dengan daya adsorpsi sebesar 97,92% pada suhu sintesis 60˚C serta waktu kontak untuk bentonit alam 85,31%. Data kinetika adsorpsi menggunakan model pseudo second order lebih sesuai untuk menjelaskan proses adsorpsi ion logam Zn2+. Hal ini dapat  disimpulkan bahwa bentonit yang telah dimodifikasi memiliki daya adsorpsi ion logam Zn2+ yang lebih besar di bandingkan dengan bentonit yang belum termodifikasi.
The Study of Pineapple Peel (Ananas comosus L.) Waste Based-Electrolyte Medium: A Simple Experiment Design for the Students
Authors: Firdaus Irvan Maulana , Silvia Rosiana Dewi , Amin Ahmad Faqih , Tsaqifa Rajwa Vourza , Purnama Ira , Febiyanto Febiyanto
Published: July 2020

To promote the student curiosity and understanding in the electrolyte medium was carried out using home-made Volta cell. The electrode materials were iron and carbon for anode (-) and cathode (+), respectively. The experiment was designed by two models that were single-chamber (SC) and three series-packed chambers (3-SCs), respectively. Electrolyte properties could be investigated in pineapple peel (Ananas comosus L.)-based electrolyte medium during the operating time of 8 hours, respectively. The measured-voltage of 2.63 and 2.60 of the 3-SCs system could turn on the LED lamp. However, in this study, the decrease of voltage and current were due to the oxidation process of the pineapple peel-based medium under air, room temperature, and normal pressure during the long-operating time of the experiment. Finally, this research expected to provide additional valuable experience and knowledge as same as to facilitate in information delivering to the students in understanding the electrolyte medium from the waste or natural sources.
Locally tuned hybridized particle swarm optimization for the calibration of the nonlinear Muskingum flood routing model
Authors: Okkan Umut , Kirdemir Umut
Published: July 2020

In the literature about the parameter estimation of the nonlinear Muskingum (NL-MUSK) model, benchmark hydrographs have been subjected to various metaheuristics, and in these studies the minor improvements of the algorithms on objective functions are imposed as ‘state-of-the-art’. With the metaheuristics involving more control variables, the attempt to search global results in a restricted solution space is not actually practical. Although metaheuristics provide reasonable results compared with many derivative methods, they cannot guarantee the same global solution when they run under different initial conditions. In this study, one of the most practical of metaheuristics, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, was chosen, and the aim was to develop its local search capability. In this context, the hybrid use of the PSO with the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm was considered. It was detected that the hybrid PSO–LM gave stable global solutions as a result of each random experiment in the application for four different flood data. The PSO–LM, which stands out with its stable aspect, also achieved rapid convergence compared with the PSO and another hybrid variant called mutated PSO.
Reducing public exposure to common, harmful well water contaminants through targeted outreach to highly susceptible neighborhoods as a method of increasing the likelihood of testing and treatment of water from private wells
Authors: MacDonald Kristi , Tippett Mara
Published: July 2020

While the Safe Drinking Water Act mandates testing of public water supplies in the USA, private well owners are responsible for testing and treating their own water. A small percentage of well owners perform annual testing as recommended and many never test at all for common and potentially harmful groundwater contaminants. Finding effective ways to inform residents of the risks associated with their private well drinking water and promote the testing and treatment for common contaminants is a challenge faced by federal, state, and local agencies concerned with public health. Targeting residents whose wells are most at risk for having levels of regulated contaminants above the drinking water standard is a potential way to efficiently reach individuals. Results of this study show that individuals who receive specific letters that a contaminant in a neighbor's well had exceeded the maximum contaminant levels for one of five common well water contaminants (arsenic, radon, Gross Alpha, Escherichia coli, and nitrates) were more likely to test their well than were individuals who received a general letter about common contaminants in the region. Outreach that reports more localized, specific information on contaminants in well water results in an increased chance of testing when compared with more regional and generalized contaminant information.
Fascicular Blocks: Update 2019
Authors: Elizari Marcelo V.
Published: July 2020

Many advances in the knowledge of medical science are due to the observation of an unknown
phenomenon that remains an open question. A plausible hypothesis must be demonstrated
and proved through a scientific method in order to be accepted by the scientific community and the
same results must be reached by following either the same or different techniques. The original
case described by Rosenbaum MB et al., in this review triggered a series of anatomic and physiologic
investigations with clinical and experimental observations that supported the trifascicular nature
of the intraventricular conduction system of the heart and the concept of hemiblocks. The recognition
and description of the left fascicular blocks made by the Argentinian School of Electrocardiology
bridged an important gap in electrocardiography and many electrocardiograms that could
not be explained until that moment could finally be understood. This review intends to redefine reliable
criteria for the electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic diagnosis of left fascicular
blocks [hemiblocks]. The anatomy of the left bundle branch is also discussed to better understand
the incidence, prevalence, clinical significance and main causes of left anterior and left posterior
hemiblock either isolated or associated with right bundle branch block. This review offers the
reader a reappraisal of the trifascicular nature of the intraventricular conduction system regarding
the anatomy of the left bundle branch system and its pathophysiological and clinical significance.
A Comprehensive Review of Regulatory Requirements and Registration Process of Pharmaceutical Drug Products in CIS Countries
Authors: Pihwal Kapil , Pawar Neelam , Aamir Sheikh , Alam Mohammad Shahbaz , Rathee Vikas
Published: July 2020

Background:

The CIS region has a potential market for India. The registration of the
drug products in CIS regions is a challenging task because these countries have no harmonized
regulatory organization. The CIS region includes 12 countries such as Russia, Kyrgyzstan,
Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia
and Moldova, which require different regulatory guidelines for medicinal product registration
as per their FDA guidelines. The different guidelines for the same region become a challenging
task for the manufacturer and exporter. The registration of the same product for different countries
of CIS is not possible with the same dossier due to the lack of their regulatory harmonization.
These countries obey their country-specific dossier format, so to target these market manufacturers
and exporters needs to submit different dossier documents for different countries. But Ukraine
and Kazakhstan have harmonization and it varies in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. Ukraine and Kazakhstan
are also imposing strict rules and expecting USFDA level documents for approval.

Conclusion:

The overall conclusion is that harmonization in CIS is highly imbalanced, which affects
both time and cost for product registration. Harmonization is the need of the era for easy
product registration, and it will be beneficial for the manufacturer, regulator, importer, exporter,
and to access medicines of high public health value.
Cage Subsidence after Surgery on the Anterior Part of the Subaxial Cervical Spine: a Monocentric Prospective Clinical Study with a 3-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Kolesov S. V. , Kazmin A. I. , Skorina I. V. , Shvets V. V. , Sazhnev M. L. , Panteleev A. A. , Pereverzev V. S. , Kolbovski D. A.
Published: July 2020

The choice of an implant for vertebra body defect replacement in corpectomy for traumatic lesions remains a point of discussion among spinal surgeons. Nanostructured carbon cages are promising for use in spinal surgery.The purpose of this study was to determine the rate and degree of cage subsidence in the patients with traumatic lesions of the cervical spine undergone a single-level anterior corpectomy in the subaxial part of the cervical spine with reconstruction using a carbon or titanium cage. Materials and Methods. A prospective study included 47 patients undergone a single-level corpectomy of the cervical spine due to traumatic injury. Two groups were formed by adaptive randomization: group I with the patients with carbon cages (n = 23), and group II with the patients with titanium cages (n = 24). The evaluation of cages subsidence and stability was carried by X-rays and CT before and after surgery. The quality of life before and after the surgery was evaluated using NDI and VAS questionnaires.Results. According to the questionnaires, the absolute majority of the patients in both groups showed a statistically significant improvement of quality of life in the postoperative period (p0.01). The first signs of implant subsidence were noted 3 months after surgery in group II. There were none of such cases in group I. The final result of the subsidence at the end of the follow-up comprised: for group I 0.6±0.4 mm, for group II 3.1±1.4 mm (p = 0.023). In group II, the bone block between bone tissue and the cage was recorded in 30% of patients (p = 0.037), in group I, the bone block was not formed. At the same time, according to the functional X-ray data, there were no signs of carbon cages instability in group I. None of the patients in groups I and II required revision surgery due to complications associated with cages placement.Conclusion. The outcomes of carbon nanostructure cages placement as bodyreplacing implants in the cervical spine were not inferior to the outcomes of titanium mesh cages using. In group I, the carbon cages subsidence was significantly lower than in group II with titanium cages. The bone block was not formed in the case of carbon cages. It is worth noting that the carbon structure of the cages allowed the radiological diagnostics of the operated segment without artifacts formation.
Osseointegration of Titanium and Steel Additive Manufactured Implant in Rabbit Tibia under External Fixation: Comparative Study
Authors: Emanov A. A. , Kuznetsov V. P. , Gorbach E. N. , Stogov M. V. , Kireeva E. A. , Ovchinnikov E. N.
Published: July 2020

Relevance. The main goals of successful prosthesis remain ensuring the osseointegration and infectious safety of implants.The purpose of the study — the comparative analysis of osseointegration of titanium and steel additive manufactured implants in the rabbit tibia under additional fixation by Ilizarov apparatus.Materials and Methods. The study was performed on 20 chinchilla male rabbits. The animals of the first group (n = 8 ) were implanted a stainless steel product EOS PH1 (EOS, Germany), the animals of the second group (n = 12) — a titanium alloy Ti6Al4V product. The implant was additionally fixed by Ilizarov apparatus. The implants were processed with additive technology by selective laser fusion at the EOSINT M 280 installation (EOS, Germany). The survival and safety of the implants were assessed using clinical, histological, laboratory and statistical methods.Results. The implant fall due to chronic inflammation was found in 2 animals of group 1 and none in group 2. The formation of weakly mineralized bone tissue on the surface of the implant was noted in 3 weeks in all cases. The bone became more mineralized by the 12th week of the experiment. However, in group 2, the calcium content and Ca / P ratio of the newly formed bone tissue at the 3rd and 12th week after implantation were significantly higher than in the animals of group 1. This indicated the greater maturity of the bone tissue in animals of group 2 at all stages of the experiment. In group 1, the compact plate osteoporosis and calcium-phosphorus balance disturbance were greater.Conclusion. The results of the study indicate that the survival rate (osseointegration) and safety of the product made of the titanium alloy were higher compared with the stainless steel product.
Receptor guanylyl cyclase (RGC) family (version 2020.3) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Beuve Annie , Brouckaert Peter , Burnett, Jr. John C. , Friebe Andreas , Garthwaite John , Hobbs Adrian J. , Koesling Doris , Kuhn Michaela , Potter Lincoln R. , Russwurm Michael , Schmidt Harald H.H.W. , Stasch Johannes-Peter , Waldman Scott A.
Published: July 2020

The mammalian genome encodes seven guanylyl cyclases, GC-A to GC-G, that are homodimeric transmembrane receptors activated by a diverse range of endogenous ligands. These enzymes convert guanosine-5'-triphosphate to the intracellular second messenger cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP). GC-A, GC-B and GC-C are expressed predominantly in the cardiovascular system, skeletal system and intestinal epithelium, respectively. GC-D and GC-G are found in the olfactory neuropepithelium and Grueneberg ganglion of rodents, respectively. GC-E and GC-F are expressed in retinal photoreceptors.
Identifikasi Praktik Kefarmasian Yang Sesuai Dengan Kebutuhan Pasien Dan Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan
Authors: Siahaan Selma , Handayani Rini Sasanti
Published: July 2020

The study of pharmaceutical practices in health care facilities was conducted in 2016. It aimed to identify pharmaceutical practices needed by patients and health care facilities. The study sites were in Central Java, Bali, South Kalimantan, and South Sulawesi. In each provinces, the study was conducted in one urban and one rural district areas. The sample locations were both government and private hospitals, health centers and pharmacies. The study design study was cross sectional. Data collection was carried out by in-depth interview to responsible pharmacists who did medicines management, and exit interview to patients after they received medicines services from government hospitals and primary health cares. The results showed that pharmaceutical practices needed by the health care facilities were good medicines planning andprocurement that can maintain the continuity of the availability of medicine stocks needed for patients, and the ability in managing medicines effi ciently and eff ectively. Moreover, the pharmaceutical practices needed by the communities were medicines completeness, quick services, as well as simple and complete medicines information. It is recommended that pharmacists should be trained on comprehensive medicines planning, strategy to anticipate the emptiness of medicines including lead times, and communication skills to the patients. In addition, IT supports for pharmacy services development is also needed.

Abstrak

Telah dilakukan studi mengenai praktik kefarmasian di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan yang bertujuan mengidentifikasi pelayanan kefarmasian yang dibutuhkan pasien dan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Kegiatan studi dilaksanakan di Jawa Tengah, Bali, Kalimantan Selatan, Sulawesi Selatan. Dari masing-masing propinsi di atas dipilih satu kota dan satu kabupaten. Studi dilakukan pada tahun 2016. Lokasi penelitian adalah rumah sakit pemerintah, rumah sakit swasta, puskesmas dan apotek dengan desain potong lintang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap apoteker penanggung jawab/pengelola obat, dan exit interview terhadap pasien rumah sakit pemerintah dan puskesmas yang baru selesai menerima pelayanan obat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan praktik kefarmasian yang dibutuhkan oleh fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan adalah perencanaan dan pengadaan obat yang baik yang dapat menjaga kesinambungan ketersediaan stok obat yang diperlukan bagi pelayanan ke pasien serta pengelolaan obat yang efektif dan efi sien. Praktikkefarmasian yang dibutuhkan masyarakat adalah tersedianya obat lengkap, kecepatan pelayanan, dan informasi obat yang singkat padat. Disarankan perlunya pelatihan perencanaan obat yang lebih komprehensif, kiat-kiat mengantisipasi kekosongan obat dan lamanya pengiriman, serta pelatihan cara berkomunikasi yang baik kepada pasien secara menyeluruh. Selain itu, dukungan teknologi informasi bagi pengembangan pelayanan farmasi juga dibutuhkan.
Cisto odontogênico calcificante: relato de 2 casos com considerações sobre o tratamento
Authors: Cerqueira Arlei , Subtil de Oliveira Adriane , Sant'Ana Filho Manoel , Bauer Veeck Elaine
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo relata dois casos de cisto odontogênico calcificante, o primeiro associado a um odontoma e outro associado a um ameloblastoma. Isto modifica completamente o plano de tratamento, devido ao comportamento biológico de cada lesão associada, podendo variar de uma curetagem a um tratamento cirúrgico radical. O que evidencia a importância de um diagnóstico preciso e uma proservação criteriosa dentro da prática odontológica.
REDISTRIBUIÇÃO, RECONHECIMENTO E REPRESENTAÇÃO: UMA LEITURA DE NANCY FRASER COM O OLHAR DA INFÂNCIA
Authors: Muñoz Lourdes Gaitán
Published: July 2020

Justiça social ou justiça distributiva é um tema central da filosofia moral, assim como é paraa orientação de políticas públicas envolvidas na distribuição de recursos sociais. No campo da sociologiada infância, essa dimensão tem sido estudada principalmente quando se trata da posição da criança emrelação ao bem-estar social, o tipo e o grau de sua participação nos benefícios oferecidos pelo Estado,bem como a natureza e o conteúdo das políticas da infância. No entanto, a infância está fora do debategeral sobre o significado da justiça que está ocorrendo atualmente. Como em outros aspectos, as pessoasdedicadas à produção de pensamento ou conhecimento são adultos que compartilham com seus paresum conceito de infância entendido como “não-ser” e de crianças como quem “já será, mas ainda não ".Mas não é necessário forçar o argumento daqueles que refletem sobre a justiça, entendendo-a como amaneira pela qual as diferentes pessoas que compõem a sociedade podem receber tratamento igual, paraencontrar seu vínculo com a linguagem da sociologia da infância, quando exige o reconhecimento dashabilidades das crianças ou do direito de serem portadoras de benefícios sociais para elas mesmas. Esteartigo se baseará na análise das propostas de Nancy Fraser para mostrar sua aplicabilidade à posição dascrianças em relação à justiça.
IL DIRITTO DI GIOCARE: UNA NECESSITÀ PER I BAMBINI, UN POTENZIALE PER SCUOLA E LA CITTÀ
Authors: Tonucci Francesco
Published: July 2020

Il principale interrogativo affrontato nell’articolo: perché e come il gioco dei bambini dovrebbe essere considerato un importante parametro nelle politiche urbane? Una possibile risposta a questo problema si trova in tutto il testo. Voglio iniziare tratteggiando la più recente evoluzione (o piuttosto involuzione) della struttura e della organizzazione urbana enfatizzando come questa definisce un ambiente che è proibito ed ostile per i bambini a meno che siano accompagnati dagli adulti; riassumerò l’impatto di un simile ambiente sul gioco e quindi sullo sviluppo dei bambini, accentuando le diverse caratteristiche della mobilità spaziale nei bambini e negli adulti, e l’estremo pericolo di isolare i bambini dall’esperienza del pericolo che costituisce una caratteristica paradossale della educazione di oggi. Proporrò un’alternativa radicale alla corrente politica urbana in cui i bambini e il loro gioco sono il principale focus, piuttosto che un marginale e non conosciuto problema da essere considerato solo come un ripensamento, e presenterò alcuni casi concreti nei quelli una simile alternativa è stata messa in pratica da bambini e politici insieme, e i suoi effetti sono stati testati e valutati. In conclusione esperienze simili sembrano giustificare una moderata quantità di speranza per il futuro delle nostre città, nonostante le loro preoccupanti condizioni attuali.
The Management Of The Education Operational Grant And Its Effects On School Development
Authors: Rismita Rismita
Published: July 2020

The problem that has occurred in schools is in managing education operational aid funds in the current year is not in accordance with the recording of recapitulation of data for students who receive funds resulting in each area in use there is a difference or the remaining funds and less effective in managing expenditure per student by comparing school districts which is based on the previous year's budget that has already happened. This study aims to analyze the management of school fund management towards school development. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research by explaining the function of management. Data collection techniques in this study were interviews with the principal, deputy headmaster of the curriculum, the head of school administration, observation, and documents relating to the accountability of funds. The results of the study are grouping funds according to school programs, there is no waste of funds based on the percentage of funding funding per quarter. The Principal builds a system of monitoring the use of funds in an accountable and accurate manner in achieving the vision and mission of the school
Perbaikan Desain Kemasan Produk Biskuit Brownies Menggunakan Metode Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
Authors: Pulungan Maimunah Hindun , Hastari Lisha Dwi , Dewi Ika Atsari
Published: July 2020

UKM Canggi Fully merupakan industri yang memproduksi biskuit brownies Cripyx yang dikemas dalam bentuk standing pouch berwarna merah berisi 60 gram. Penampilan desain visual kurang menarik serta bahan kemasan kurang tebal dan kokoh sehingga produk mudah patah dan pelanggan ragu membeli produknya. UKM ingin memperluas segmentasi pasar dan memenuhi permintaan pelanggan maka dilakukan perbaikan desain kemasan biskuit brownies menggunakan metode QFD sehingga diketahui atribut tingkat kepentingan pelanggan, respon teknis yang dapat dilakukan produsen dan desain kemasan yang diterima pelanggan dan produsen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan atribut yang diinginkan pelanggan adalah kapasitas produk, desain grafis, dimensi, bentuk, kekuatan dan ketahanan kemasan. Respon teknis yang dapat dilakukan produsen adalah desain visual modern, warna kemasan menarik, gambar produk dan kejelasan informasi, dimensi sesuai kapasitas, kapasitas produk lebih banyak, bentuk kemasan ergonomis, bahan kemasan lebih tebal, tahan tumpukan dan tidak mudah rusak. Rancangan desain kemasan biskuit brownies yang diterima produsen yaitu, kemasan toples berbentuk persegi panjang sebagai kemasan primer dilapisi kemasan sekunder dengan bahan kertas art paper dengan gramatur kertas 260 gram dan bagian luar kertas diberi laminasi doff. Dimensi kemasan yang digunakan memiliki panjang 14 cm, lebar 8 cm, dan tinggi 7 cm, dengan perpaduan warna krem, cokelat dan merah serta memiliki kapasitas 280 gram.