bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Survival in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: A Prospective Study at a Tertiary Center
Authors: Ghavami-Adel Maryam , Dalili Hosein , Shariat Mamak , Ghorbansabagh Vafa , Nayeri Fateme , Esmaeilnia Shirvany Tahereh , Amini Elahe , Parvizizadeh Azita
Published: July 2021

Background: The outcome of congenital diaphragmatic hernia depends on associated anomalies, degree of pulmonary hypoplasia, and hypertension. We evaluated the postnatal prognostic factors which can be used to predict the outcome.Methods: This study was conducted at a tertiary center (Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Complex, Tehran, Iran) during 2013-2019. The predictors of survival were evaluated.Results: A total of 49 infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia were born during 2013-2019. The patients’ mean gestational age and weight at birth were 37.51±1.75 weeks and 2871±562 g, respectively. The mortality rate in patients with surgery (n = 41) was 31.3% and eight patients died before surgery. Mortality had significant relationships with five-minute Apgar score, peak inspiratory pressure before and after surgery, partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2), and pH during first 24 hours after birth (p= 0.01, 0.001, and 0.01, respectively). The predicted and true survival rates in the patients were 66% and 52%, respectively (p= 0.001).Conclusion: Predicting survival rate after birth is remarkable but controversial. This estimate should not affect patient care and should only help parents in the process of decision-making.
Giant Umbilical Cord
Authors: Aihole Jayalaxmi Shripati
Published: July 2021

Please see fulltext
Liver as Main Content of Hernia of Umbilical Cord
Authors: Kumar Parveen , Viswanathan Vivek , Jain Rishabh
Published: July 2021

Please see fulltext
Survival Analysis: A Hospital Based Retrospective Life Span Study of Breast Cancer Patients after First Recurrence
Authors:   College of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan, Liaqat Madiha , Fazil Waqas ,   Institue of Nuclear Medicine & Oncology Lahore, Pakistan
Published: July 2021

Background Overall survival of breast cancer patients has been calculated many times but there is no precise research available regarding the survival time of breast cancer patients after recurrence. We investigated the effects factors on mortality due to breast cancer. Methods All Factors were analyzed using statistical tools and techniques to find out rate of mortality after recurrence. Descriptive statistics, cox proportional hazard models were used to find statistical significant variables. In the present study recurrence is considered as an important event which may play a role in study of breast cancer progression. In this study, we evaluated breast cancer risk factors in relation to mortality due to this disease among 1028 women with breast cancer in Lahore, Pakistan. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between risk factors and mortality due to breast cancer were estimated in subtype-specific Cox regression models. Results Survival of breast cancer patients depends upon many factors. A total of 581 alive and 447 deaths due to breast cancer occurred during a median follow-up period of 1977 days. Median survival time after recurrence was 3 years. Significant factors were included post- menopausal women who diagnosed and had recurrence at the age < 45 of molecular subtype estrogen receptor positive, progesterone receptor negative, Her2.neu positive with tumor size ≥ 3 & involved lymph nodes >5. Radiotherapy has increased life span of patients even after recurrence. Conclusion Younger women had higher risk of mortality after recurrence even gone through chemotherapy while lower grade tumor had good prognosis. Radiotherapy played a major role in increasing life time of breast cancer women after recurrence. Our findings are consistent with those from previously published data.
3D Conformal Radiotherapy for Nephroblastoma: Unusual Technique in Dalal Jamm Hospital
Authors:   Radiotherapy department at Dalal Jamm Hospital Dakar-Senegal, Gaye Papa Macoumba , Bachir Ba Mouhamadou ,   Pediatric-oncology department of Aristide Ledantec hospital Dakar-Senegal
Published: July 2021

Nephroblastoma is the most common kidney tumor in children, accounting for 6% of all pediatric tumors. This tumor most commonly occurs between one and five years of age with a peak incidence around three and a half years. Multidisciplinary treatment combining neo-adjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery and radiotherapy has achieved an overall survival of 90% at 10 years. This radiotherapy is optimal when it makes it possible to deliver an optimal dose of radiation while preserving the healthy developing organs in this subject. Conformational intensity modulation radiotherapy (IMRT) by linear accelerator or helical tomotherapy and hadrontherapy make it possible to respect this principle. These irradiation techniques were not available in our practice setting. We used a three-dimensional conformational radiotherapy technique for pan-abdominal irradiation of a nephroblasm while respecting the dosimetric constraints required in IMRT. Indeed, a rigorous optimization of three-dimensional conformational radiotherapy by a good delineation of the volumes of interest and a multiplication of the irradiation beams makes it possible to approach new radiotherapy techniques in terms of dose coverage, compliance with dosimetric constraints with reduction secondary cancer risk associated with low doses.
A Review on the Neuroendocrine Regulation of the Endothelial Cells
Authors:   Institute of Biological Medicine, Milan, Italy, Lissoni Paolo , Rovelli Franco ,   Institute of Biological Medicine, Milan, Italy
Published: July 2021

Today, it is known that inflammation represents the common mechanism of human systemic diseases, including cancer and autoimmunity. Obviously, the endothelial system is involved in all inflammatory processes. Then, the control of the endothelial functions could constitute a new medical strategy to treat several pathological conditions, including ischemic and thrombotic events. Moreover, in addition to the action of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors, the endothelial system has been proven to be physiologically under a double control, represent by the cytokine network and the neuroendocrine system. Most cytokines have appeared to exert angiogenic and inflammatory effects, which are balanced by an anti-angiogenic and an anti-inflammatory action exerted by the pineal hormone melatonin (MLT), cannabinoid agents, and the product of ACE2, the angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7). Then, a neuroendocrine approach with MLT, cannabinoids and Ang 1-7 could constitute a new way in the treatment of endothelial alterations and angiogenesis.
Hing (Ferula asafoetida). A Review Based Upon its Ayurvedic and Pharmacological Properties
Authors: Choudhary Shailja , Kaurav Hemlata , Chaudhary Gitika
Published: July 2021

Ferula is considered as the third largest genus of the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) which consists of 180-185 species. Asafoetida is defined as the oleo-resin gum extracted from the stem and rhizome of the Ferula asafetida plant. It is commonly called Hing or Devil's dung. It is a native species of Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan. In Ayurveda, it is described as an analgesic agent and is mentioned in Charak Samhita. It carries a strong, tenacious and sulfurous odor. It is also used as a spice or as a condiment in various cookeries as a flavor like in curries, fresh vegetables, meat, pickles and pulses. Asafetida is distinguished as asafetida hing (hing) and asafetida (hingra). Traditionally, the plant is used to treat diseases like whooping cough, asthma, bronchitis, epilepsy, ulcer, stomachache, flatulence, bronchitis, antispasmodic, intestinal parasites, influenza and weak digestion. The main active constituents present in the Ferula asafetida plant are resins, gums and essential oils. From the reported studies it was found that the plant possesses various therapeutic and pharmacological properties like antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antispasmodic, hypertensive, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and antiviral properties. In this review article, attempts have been made to describe the overall plant based on its modern and traditional view.
A Review on Management of Antibiotic Resistance: A Slow and Progressive Pandemic
Authors: Mishra Devesh Kumar , Shukla Alok Kumar , Srivastava Vivek
Published: July 2021

Resistance in microbes against antibiotics is a slow but a constant process which can occurs via different modes according to the type
and strain of the particular organism; from one species to other thus influencing selection of antibiotic to treat the infection, resulting into exposure of variety of antibiotics providing a competitive advantage for mutated as well as non-mutated strains. Resistance in microbes against antibiotics can occurs via different modes depending upon the type and strain of that particular organism. In certain types of microorganism natural resistance can be found which was present before the discovery of antibiotics; certain types of microbes undergo genetic mutations over the time and hence develop resistance also some of them have been evolved as superbugs. Antibiotics Resistance is a continuous process from one species to other thus influencing selection of antibiotic to treat the infection, resulting into exposure of variety of antibiotics providing a competitive advantage for mutated as well as non-mutated strains. World Health Organization has taken several steps to avoid resistance chances. In this review an attempt has been made to figure out this alarming threat about antibiotic resistance, how can we preserve the antibiotics which are still non-resistance and ideal approaches to manage those disease which have been already reported to resistance to many of the available antibiotics. Medical professionals across the globe should follow the good practices while prescribing antibiotics, following the guidelines by WHO. Though in tough time several initiatives have been made between government, public and private sectors for the development of newer antibiotics.
ALGUNAS REFLEXIONES SOBRE LAS DISTINTAS ALTERNATIVAS EXISTENTES PARA FINANCIAR EL MANTENIMIENTO Y CONSERVACIÓN DE LAS CARRETERAS ESPAÑOLAS
Authors: ESTEBAN RÍOS JAVIER
Published: August 2021

Existen distintos modelos de financiación para el mantenimiento
y conservación de las carreteras españolas, que se sustentan bien en la gratuidad
para los usuarios de las vías o bien en el pago por el uso de dichas infraestructuras.
Con independencia de la alternativa escogida, las características esenciales
con las que ha de cumplir todo sistema de financiación son idénticas, exigiéndose
el sometimiento a criterios estables, predecibles y proporcionales. En este
sentido, el presente trabajo aborda las distintas fórmulas de financiación posibles,
tratando de poner de manifiesto las dificultades y virtudes de las mismas, así
como ofreciendo herramientas jurídicas para mitigar los problemas que pudieran
constatarse. En particular, se analizará la financiación de carreteras con cargo a
presupuestos generales o el recurso a tasas ¿vinculadas a la duración del uso de
las vías¿ o a peajes ¿que gravan la distancia recorrida por los usuarios.

Zenbait finantzaketa-eredu daude Espainiako errepideak mantentzeko
eta zaintzeko, eta horiek oinarrituta daude bideen erabiltzaileentzat doakoak
izatean edo azpiegitura horiek erabiltzearen truke ordaintzean. Zer aukera hautatzen
dugun, finantzaketa-sistema orok funtsezko ezaugarri berak bete behar ditu,
nahitaezkoa baita irizpide egonkorrak, aurresangarriak eta proportzionalak betetzea.
Ildo horretatik, dauden finantzaketa-formula guztiak aztertzen ditu lan honek, eta
ahalegintzen da bakoitzaren zailtasunak eta bertuteak agerian uzten; egiaztatutako
arazoak arintzeko tresna juridikoak eskaintzen ditu, halaber. Bereziki, errepideak aurrekontu
orokorren kontura finantzatzea edo tasak (bideen erabileraren iraupenaren
arabera) edo bidesariak (erabiltzaileek ibilitako zatia) erabiltzea aztertuko da.

There are different financing models for the maintenance of
Spanish roads, which are based either on gratuity for road users or on payment for
the use of such infrastructures. Regardless of the alternative chosen, the essential
characteristic which any financing system must meet are identical, requiring
submission to stable, predictable and proportional criteria. In this sense, the paper
addresses the different financing formula, trying to highlight their difficulties
and virtues, as well as offering legal tools in order to mitigate any problems that
may arise. In particular, the work will analyse the financing of roads from general
budgets, the implementation of user charges - linked to the duration of road use - or
the use of tolls - which are levied on the distance travelled by road users.
EL SUPREMO «ALIVIA» LA CARGA PROCESAL DEL LESIONADO Y DETERMINA EL MOMENTO DE LA APARICIÓN DEL DAÑO EN LA ACCIÓN DE RESPONSABILIDAD PATRIMONIAL CONTRA EL LEGISLADOR
Authors: ALONSO GARCÍA Mª CONSUELO
Published: August 2021

El presente trabajo examina la novedosa doctrina casacional del
Tribunal Supremo que interpreta, atemperándolas, algunas de las exigencias que
impone la Ley 40/2015, de Régimen Jurídico del Sector Público, para apreciar la
responsabilidad patrimonial del Estado Legislador por los perjuicios derivados
de leyes inconstitucionales (y de leyes que vulneran el Derecho de la Unión Europea).
Concretamente, el Tribunal admite la revisión de oficio como recurso oportuno
para impugnar la actuación administrativa que ejecuta la disposición legislativa
pretendidamente inconstitucionalidad a los efectos de entender cumplida
la condición prevista en el artículo 32.4 de dicho texto legal, y define el momento
en el que se entienden producidos los daños indemnizables a fin de contabilizar
el plazo inicial de los cinco años anteriores a la fecha de la publicación de la sentencia
que declare su inconstitucionalidad, limitación a la que se refiere el artículo
34.1, párrafo segundo, de la misma norma.

Lan honek Auzitegi Gorenaren kasazio-doktrina berria aztertzen
du, zeinak Sektore Publikoko Araubide Juridikoaren 40/2015 Legeak ezarritako
eskakizun batzuk interpretatu eta egokitzen baititu; hala bada, Estatu Legegilearen
ondarezko erantzukizuna ikusten du konstituzio-kontrako legeek (eta Europar
Batasuneko Zuzenbidea urratzen duten legeek) eragindako kalteak direla eta. Zehazki,
Auzitegiak ofizioz berrikustea onartzen du ustez konstituzioaren aurkakoa
den lege-xedapena betearazten duen administrazio-jarduna aurkaratzeko errekurtso
egoki gisa, hau da, lege-testu horren 32.4 artikuluan aurreikusitako baldintza
betetzat jotzeko; eta ordaina jaso dezaketen kalteak egintzat hartzen diren
momentua zehazten du, halaber, araua konstituzioaren aurkakoa dela adierazten
duen epaia argitaratu baino lehenagoko bost urteko hasierako epea zenbatzeko.
Arau beraren 34.1 artikuluaren bigarren paragrafoak aipatzen du muga hori.

This work examines the innovative doctrine related to appeals
delivered by the Supreme Court that interprets by tempering them some of the
requirements established by the Act 40/2015 on the Legal Regime of the Public
Sector, in order to determine the patrimonial liability of the legislator State for the
damages resulting of unconstitutional legislative acts (and acts that infringe EU
Law). Specifically, the Court admits the ex officio review as an adequate action to
challenge the administrative action that executes an alledgelly unconstitutional
legislative provision to the effects of meeting the conditions of art. 32.4 of the
aforementioned legal act, and it defines the moment where damages are to be
considered inflicted for the purpose of indemnization so as to estimate the onset moment of the five years limit term previous to the publication of the judgment
that concludes its unconstitutionality, a time limitation to which art. 34.1, second
paragraph, of the same provision refers.
MÉTODOS TRADICIONALES DE CAZA Y DIRECTIVA DE AVES SILVESTRES. COMENTARIO AL ASUNTO C-900/19, ONE VOICE, STJUE DE 17-03-2021
Authors: GARCIA URETA AGUSTIN
Published: August 2021

El presente comentario examina una sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea (TJUE) sobre los métodos prohibidos de caza, en particular, mediante el empleo de la liga y la posibilidad de aplicar una de las excepciones contenidas en la Directiva 2009/147, relativa a la protección de las aves silvestres. Esta permite [art. 9.1.c)] en condiciones estrictamente controladas y de un modo selectivo, la captura, la retención o cualquier otra explotación prudente de determinadas aves en pequeñas cantidades. La sentencia examina la noción de selectividad y distingue entre métodos de captura letales o no letales. Sin embargo, cuestiona el uso de la liga como método selectivo, exigiendo, en todo caso, que cualquier decisión esté fundada en los mejores conocimientos científicos. Las condiciones impuestas por el TJUE limitan de manera evidente el posible uso de este método.

Iruzkin honek Europar Batasuneko Justizia Auzitegiaren (EBJA) epai bat aztertzen du, ehiza-metodo debekatuei buruzkoa, bereziki, liga itsasgarria erabiliz eta 2009/147 Zuzentarauan, basa-hegaztiak babesteari buruzkoan, jasotako salbuespenetako bat aplikatzeko aukerari buruzkoa. Horrek aukera ematen du [art. 9.1.c)] hertsiki kontrolatutako baldintzetan eta modu selektiboan, zenbait hegazti kopuru txikietan harrapatzea, atxikitzea edo zentzuzko beste edozein ustiapen. Epaiak selektibitatearen nozioa aztertzen du eta harrapaketa-metodo hilgarriak edo ez-hilgarriak bereizten ditu. Hala ere, liga metodo selektibo gisa erabiltzea zalantzan jartzen du, eta, nolanahi ere, edozein erabaki ezagutza zientifiko onenetan oinarrituta egotea eskatzen du. EBJAk ezarritako baldintzek nabarmen mugatzen dute metodo horren erabilera.

This comment examines a judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) concerning prohibited hunting methods, in particular, adhesive-covered twigs and the exception set out in Directive 20097147, on the conservation of wild birds. This directive allows, under strictly supervised conditions and on a selective basis, the capture, keeping or other judicious use of certain birds in small numbers. The judgment examines the notion of «selective basis» and draws a distinction between lethal and non-lethal hunting methods. Nevertheless, it questions the use of adhesive-covered twigs, demanding that any national decision be based on the best available scientific knowledge. The conditions imposed by the CJEU severely restrict the use of this method.
Local Natural Product Development in the Era of Covid 19 Pandemic
Authors: Noval N , Nugraha Dyan Fitri , Nastiti Kunti , Syahrina Dahlia , Novia N
Published: August 2021

Covid-19 is a pandemic disease that infects the respiratory system by cough and sneeze. Covid 19 infection rate in Indonesia is high. On March 2nd 2020, there was reported 2 confirmed cases of Covid-19 infection. Natural ingredients contain a secondary metabolite compound has the potential as an antimicrobial that can be used to kill microorganism as a source of the disease. Natural ingredients that are commonly used as antimicrobials such as bundung, betel leaf and lime peel. Pharmaceutical formulations from natural ingredients need to be made to obtain preparations that are beneficial to the community because they are safer and have minimal side effects. Based on this description, it is necessary to conduct training on the manufacture of pharmaceutical products from natural ingredients or local resources that are easy to make so it can be useful and beneficial for the community during the Covid-19 pandemic. The activities were carried out virtually, followed by the teacher council and students from High School 1 Kahayan Hilir. The activities carried out by providing information related to the efficacy of natural ingredients from local resources, training or workshops on the manufacture of pharmaceutical products and education regarding storing and how to use drugs correctly. This activity is expected to be useful and make a big contribution to the community during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Program Kemitraan Masyarakat Home Industry Kacang Sangrai Desa Cisoka Kabupaten Tangerang
Authors: Chandra Dwiaji Yudhi , Sulistyowati Niken
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this service is to provide training and knowledge to partners in using appropriate technology so that the productivity and efficiency of the Cisoka’s roasted bean craftsmen's activities increases. The method used in this activity is participatory and collaborative methods where partners participate in activities such as socialization and training, operation and maintenance of roasting machines and packaging sealer machines. Abstrak: Tujuan pelaksanaan pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan pelatihan dan pengetahuan kepada mitra dalam penggunaan TTG agar produktivitas dan efisiensi kegiatan pengrajin kacang sangrai Cisoka meningkat. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah metode parsipatori dan kolaboratif dimana mitra ikut berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan seperti sosialisasi dan pelatihan, pengoperasian dan pemeliharaan mesin sangrai dan mesin sealer kemasan.
Cuci Tangan yang Benar Mencegah Penyebaran COVID-19 di RT01/RW01 Desa Sungai Segajah Jaya Kabupaten Rokan Hilir
Authors: Nurmaliza Nurmaliza , Siagian Dewi Sartika , Herlina Sara , Qomariah Siti , Sartika Wiwi , Ratih Rini Hariani
Published: August 2021

Cuci tangan merupakan perilaku sehat yang telah terbukti secara ilmiah dapat mencegah penyebaran penyakit. Cuci tangan yang benar merupakan cara yang paling sederhana dan mudah dalam mencegah penularan covid-19. Dengan cuci tangan yang benar setidaknya kita telah melakukan hal yang paling dasar dalam melakukan usaha pencegahan penularan virus yang mewabah saat ini. Dimana khasus ini terjadi secara mendunia. Program ini dilakukan dengan tujuan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan agar masyarakat tahu dan mau melakukan cuci tangan yang benar guna mencegah penularan covid-19, khususnya pada anak-anak dan memotivasi anak-anak agar melakukan cuci tangan yang baik dan benar sebelum dan sesudah beraktifitas, atau setelah kontak dengan orang lain. Lokasi pengadaan kegiatan ini dilakukan di RT01/RW01 desa Sungai Segajah Jaya, Kec. Kubu Kabupaten Rokan Hilir. Hasil penyuluhan tentang cuci tangan yang benar yang telah dilakukan mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan anak-anak dilihat dari nilai pre dan post tes yaitu dari 40% menjedi 80%. Hasil penyuluhan tentang cuci tangan mayoritas anak-anak mau dan bisa melakukan cuci tangan yang benar setiap kali melakukan aktivitas diluar rumah. Diharapkan bagi pihak tenaga kesehatan setempat agar melakukan penyuluhan tentang cuci tangan yang benar guna mengurangi penyebaran covid-19 baik pada anak-anak maupun pada orangtua. Abstract: Washing your hands is a healthy behavior that has been scientifically proven to prevent the spread of disease. Proper handwashing is the simplest and easiest way to prevent transmission of covid-19. By washing hands properly, at least we have done the most basic things in making efforts to prevent transmission of the virus that is currently endemic. Where this typical occurs worldwide. This program is carried out with the aim of community service so that people know and want to wash their hands properly to prevent transmission of Covid-19, especially in children and motivate children to wash their hands properly and correctly before and after activities. or after contact with other people. The location for the procurement of this activity is carried out in RT01 / RW01 Sungai Segajah Jaya Village, Kec. Rokan Hilir Regency Kubu. The results of counseling on proper handwashing that have been carried out have increased children's knowledge seen from the pre and post-test scores, from 40% to 80%. The results of counseling on handwashing, the majority of children are willing and able to wash their hands properly every time they do activities outside the home. It is hoped that local health workers will conduct counseling on proper handwashing to reduce the spread of covid-19 to both children and parents.
Metodología de control social de proyectos para mejorar la supervisión de obras públicas
Authors: Calderón Paniagua Dennys Geovani , Quispe Vilca Grisely Rosalie
Published: August 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal diseñar una metodología de control social de proyectos para mejorar la supervisión de obras públicas en las entidades del estado peruano. Esta investigación fue de tipo aplicada, asimismo contó con un diseño de nivel explicativo, toda vez, que generó y evaluó la adecuada implementación del flujograma de procesos planteamiento en la metodología propuesta, asimismo contó con un diseño de investigación no experimental. Referente a la población, estuvo constituida por entidades públicas del estado peruano con capacidad para realizar obras públicas, asimismo en el presente caso la muestra estuvo constituida al azar, por una entidad pública que ejecuta obras en la región de Tacna. Como resultados de la investigación se diseñó los procedimientos y los formatos a base del flujograma de procesos que contempla la metodología de control social de proyectos, los cuales luego de su aplicación, demostró mejorar la supervisión de obras públicas en una entidad pública de la región Tacna. Se tiene como conclusión que se ha logrado desarrollar una metodología de control social de proyectos, la cual mejoró la supervisión de obras públicas, evidenciando situaciones de incumplimiento en una entidad pública de la región de Tacna.
Evaluating the Steady-state Performance of the Synthetic Coefficient of Variation Chart
Authors: Chew Ming Hui , Yeong Wai Chung , Abdul Talib Muzalwana , Lim Sok Li , Khaw Khai Wah
Published: August 2021

The synthetic coefficient of variation (CV) chart is attractive to practitioners as it allows for a second point to fall outside the control limits before deciding whether the process is out-of-control. The existing synthetic CV chart is designed with a head-start feature, which shows an advantage under the zero-state assumption where shifts happen immediately after process monitoring has started. However, this assumption may not be valid as shifts may happen quite some time after process monitoring has started. This is called the steady-state condition. This paper evaluates the performance of the chart under the steady-state condition. It is shown that the steady-state out-of-control average run length (ARL1) is substantially larger than the zero-state ARL1, hence larger number of samples are needed to detect the out-of-control condition. From the comparison with other CV charts, the steady-state synthetic CV chart does not show better performance, especially for small sample sizes and shift sizes. Hence, the synthetic CV chart is not recommended to be adopted under the steady-state condition, and its good performance is only applicable under the zero-state assumption. The results of this paper enable practitioners to be aware that the performance of the synthetic CV chart may be inferior under actual application (when shifts do not happen at the beginning of process monitoring) compared to its zero-state performance.
Development of Mini CNC Machine Design and Building for Making Ceramic Cup and Bowl Prototype
Authors: Intarapadung Anantakul
Published: August 2021

This article aimed to describe the design and building of a 3-axis mini computer numerical control (CNC) machine for making a ceramic cup and bowl prototype that helps achieve a fully-automated production process using a small budget. Step motors were used to control the movement of the 3 axes, X, Y, and Z axis, of the Mini CNC machine. Automated operating system was controlled through unipolar microstepping driver and spindle adjustment PC interface board. The operating system was controlled by Mach 3 software, G-code command. Based on a test using a prototype milling of a lotus leaf ceramic bowl with a diameter of 130 centimeter and height of 65 millimeter, it was found that the depth of cut in milling each round was 6 millimeter, the test of building a dry clay lotus leaf bowl with a hard plaster lotus leaf bowl, fine milling with feeding speed of 1000 - 3,000 (mm / min), and increasing the spindle speed of 10,000 - 15,000 (rpm), circular milling cutter with a depth of 0.1 (mm). In each circular, the increase of the feeding speed and the spindle speed would reduce the time required for building. The smoothness of the lotus leaf bowl surface depended on the hardness of the material used to make the prototype. When comparing the performance with the 5-axis CNC machines on the market, it was found that the performance was similar, but the Mini CNC Machine had size, weight, and price less than others.
Revisiting Solar Photovoltaic Roadmap of Tropical Malaysia: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Zainuddin Hedzlin , Salikin Hazman Raziq , Shaari Sulaiman , Hussin Mohamad Zhafran , Manja Ardin
Published: August 2021

Environmental issues and economic factors such as emission of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs), fossil fuel depletion and fluctuation of oil prices are also the reason behind the utilization of sunlight as a source of energy. Even though with the spread of unprecedented pandemic of COVID 19, the industry of solar photovoltaic (PV) is surviving at a very promising rate compared to the oil industry. Malaysia has a high potential to be successful at harnessing solar energy as this country is located within the equatorial region. The government of Malaysia (GoM) introduced various policies, acts and incentives programs for the purpose of increasing this country’s potential to harness solar energy. Along with the efforts, goals and aims have also been set as a benchmark to measure Malaysia’s success in utilizing sunlight as an energy source. This study reviews the roadmap programs executed by GoM to elucidate the significant roles played in the development of solar PV starting from a few pilot projects in1980s until present. The roadmap focuses on incentive programs namely Feed-in Tariff (FiT), Net Energy Metering (NEM), Self-Consumption Scheme (SELCO), Large Solar Scale (LSS), Supply Agreement with Renewable Energy (SARE) and ‘Peer-to-Peer’ (P2P), which complement all the projects and solar PV applications in Malaysia. The contributing result of this roadmap is the highlights on the continuous solar PV programs stimulated by GoM, the identification and effort to improve the less performing GoM incentive programs combined with the positive responses from communities and industries, have laid a strong platform to forecast a promising future of solar PV industry in Malaysia.
A Comprehensive Review of Automated Essay Scoring (AES) Research and Development
Authors: Lim Chun Then , Bong Chih How , Wong Wee Sian , Lee Nung Kion
Published: August 2021

Automated Essay Scoring (AES) is a service or software that can predictively grade essay based on a pre-trained computational model. It has gained a lot of research interest in educational institutions as it expedites the process and reduces the effort of human raters in grading the essays as close to humans’ decisions. Despite the strong appeal, its implementation varies widely according to researchers’ preferences. This critical review examines various AES development milestones specifically on different methodologies and attributes used in deriving essay scores. To generalize existing AES systems according to their constructs, we attempted to fit all of them into three frameworks which are content similarity, machine learning and hybrid. In addition, we presented and compared various common evaluation metrics in measuring the efficiency of AES and proposed Quadratic Weighted Kappa (QWK) as standard evaluation metric since it corrects the agreement purely by chance when estimate the degree of agreement between two raters. In conclusion, the paper proposes hybrid framework standard as the potential upcoming AES framework as it capable to aggregate both style and content to predict essay grades Thus, the main objective of this study is to discuss various critical issues pertaining to the current development of AES which yielded our recommendations on the future AES development.
Treat-ability of Manihot esculenta Peel Extract as Coagulant Aid for Stabilised Leachate
Authors: Mohd-Salleh Siti Nor Aishah , Mohd-Zin Nur Shaylinda , Othman Norzila , Gopalakrishnan Yashni , Abu-Bakar Norshila
Published: August 2021

Agro-waste can be commercialised into another useful product such as natural coagulant for wastewater treatment. The purpose of this study was to quantify the ability of agro-waste (Manihot esculenta peel extract (MEP)) as an aid alongside the utilisation of chemical coagulant (polyaluminium chloride (PAC)) based on the removal percentages of selected parameters at the optimum coagulant dosage and pH of stabilised leachate. Series of jar tests were used to compare the leachate treatments using single and the dual coagulant of PAC and MEP with respective standard methods to analyse the removal parameters, i.e., Colorimetric (APHA Method:5220 C, HACH Method:8000) for chemical oxygen demand (COD), Conductimetric (APHA Method: 4500-N, HACH Method: 8038) for ammonia nitrogen (AN), Nephelometric (APHA Method:2130) for turbidity, Spectrophotometric (APHA Method: 2120 B, HACH Method: 8025) for colour, and Gravimetric (APHA Method:2540 D, HACH Method:630) for suspended solids (SS). Leachate treatment using the application of single PAC coagulant at the optimum conditions of 3,750 mg/L dosage and pH 6.0 of leachate managed to remove about 54.1%, 28%, 91.1%, 98%, and 98% for COD, AN, turbidity, colour, and SS, respectively. Meanwhile, by using dual coagulant at the optimum dosages of 3,500 mg/L (PAC) and 250 mg/L (MEP), and pH 7.0 of leachate, the treatment achieved higher removal except for the colour parameter. The final removal outcomes of this study were 58.3% of COD, 34% of AN, 96.9% of turbidity, 92.1% of colour, and 99% of SS. The application of MEP as coagulant aid also managed to reduce the aluminium (Al) content in PAC dosage from 577.5 mg/L to 539.0 mg/L without affecting much of its efficiency.
Analytical and Numerical Investigation of Free Vibration Behavior for Sandwich Plate with Functionally Graded Porous Metal Core
Authors: Njim Emad Kadum , Bakhy Sadeq H. , Al-Waily Muhannad
Published: August 2021

The current work presents a free vibration analysis of a simply supported rectangular functionally graded sandwich plate using a new analytical model. The core of the sandwich plate is made up of porous metal, and the top and bottom faces are made up of homogenous materials. The core metal properties are assumed to be porosity dependent and graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The contribution of this paper is to evaluate the performance of functionally graded porous materials (FGPMs) as it is used for many biomedical applications, particularly in tissue engineering. Theoretical formulations are based on the classical plate theory to find the free vibration characteristics of the imperfect FGM sandwich plate and include different parameters. Parameters included are graded distributions of porosity, power-law index, core metal type, and aspect ratios. A numerical investigation using finite element analysis (FEA) and the modal analysis was conducted with the assistance of the commercial ANSYS-2020-R2 software to validate the analytical solution. To detect the various parameters influencing the fundamental frequencies of sandwich plate comprehensive numerical results are presented in dimensionless tabular and graphical forms. The results reveal that the frequency parameter of the sandwich plate increases with the increase of the porosity parameter and number of the constraints in the boundary conditions. Furthermore, the increase in the number of layers leads to an increase in the accuracy of the results for the same FGM core thickness. An accepted agreement can be observed between the proposed analytical solution and numerical results with a maximum error discrepancy of 8%.
Rhodamine 6g Removal from Aqueous Solution with Coconut Shell-Derived Nanomagnetic Adsorbent Composite (Cs-Nmac): Isotherm and Kinetic Studies
Authors: Abdullah Palsan Sannasi , Wen Lim Kai , Awang Huda , Mohammad Azmin Siti Nuurul Huda
Published: August 2021

Untreated effluents from the textile industry containing colorant dyes are harmful to the environment, aquatic organisms, and human health. Among these effluents, Rhodamine 6G is known as a corrosive and irritant dye. A coconut shell-derived nanomagnetic adsorbent composite (CS-NMAC) was developed to remove Rhodamine 6G from aqueous solution. Physical and adsorption properties of CS-NMAC were characterized via Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis (SBET: 1092.17 m2/g; total pore volume: 0.6715 cm3/g), X-ray diffraction (Fe3O4 [θ=35.522], Fe2O3 [θ=35.720] and FeO [θ=41.724]) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (Fe–O, C–H, asymmetric C=C=C, CN and O–H). CS-NMAC was found to be electropositive within a broad pH range of 3–10) owing to the presence of nanoscale iron oxides on the surface of the coconut shell-derived adsorbent that enhanced the chemical and electrochemical outputs. Isotherm study revealed that the adsorption process of Rhodamine 6G followed a multilayer type of adsorption onto a heterogeneous surface. Freundlich model fitted better (R2 = 0.981) than the other models (Langmuir, Temkin and BET). The maximum adsorption capacity was 32.02 mg/g. Rhodamine 6G removal by CS-NMAC obeyed the pseudo-second-order reaction (R2 = 0.9995) as opposed to other kinetic models. CS-NMAC has the potential to become an effective treatment for dye pollution.
CONSTRAINTS EXPERIENCED BY MUSHROOM GROWERS IN ADOPTING IMPROVED MUSHROOM PRODUCTION PRACTICES IN PUSA, BIHAR
Authors: Sarraf Saloni , Bose Dipak Kumar , Jahanara Jahanara , Kumar Amit
Published: July 2021

Mushrooms (vegetarian meat/vegetable beef stick) is becoming fast popular because of its short time period between cultivation and harvesting; less initial investment and can be grown with locally available resources. Though more technology is available for boosting mushroom production, the yield so far achieved is not high. Hence, an attempt is made to find out the constraints faced by mushroom growers in adoption of improved mushroom production practices. Samastipur district of Bihar was purposively selected for the study because, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, a pioneer in mushroom production technology is located in the study area. 120 respondents from six villages of Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar forms the respondents of the present study. Primary data was collected from the mushroom growers and the responses were subjected to statistical analysis. The results indicated that unavailability of quality spawn, unavailability of skilled labor, absence of technical guidance, high transport cost, unavailability of storage facilities, high cost of spawn and long distance market were the most problematic constraints faced by the mushroom growers. Thus, it can be concluded that adequate extension service should be made available to make mushroom cultivation popular, market and marketing of the products.
Factors influencing adolescent self-identity development of Senior High School Students in Effutu Municipality in Central Region. Ghana
Authors: Afful Athanasius , Namale Matthew Kojo , Gyapong Mark
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The study sought to explore the parental and peer factors that influence adolescent self-identity development of senior high school students in the Effutu Municipality.

Methodology: The descriptive survey design using the quantitative method was adopted for the study. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 310 students for the study. Frequencies, percentages were used to answer the research questions while Independent-Samples t-test was used to test the hypotheses.

Findings: The findings revealed that frequent parent-adolescent communication enhances adolescent self-identity development. It was also found that peer feedback was a source of adolescent self-identity development. The study also revealed that there was statistically significant gender difference with regard to peer factors contributing to adolescent self-identity development.

Unique contribution to theory and practice: It was recommended that during Parents Teachers Association meetings, parents should be educated by the schools on the need to create conducive environments at home to help their children build strong self-identities since parents make impact on their self-identity development.
Secure Online Voting System using Visual Cryptography
Authors: TIWARI Meher Gayatri Devi , KAKELLI Anil Kumar
Published: July 2021

The development of a secure online voting system using visual cryptography is highly essential for present voting systems. Based on the current requirements and design aspects of an existing online voting system, emerging technologies are required in online voting schemes, and these are examined in this work. The emerging cryptographic techniques which are suitable for secure online voting systems are analyzed. Techniques like password hashed-based schemes, visual cryptography, and threshold decryption cryptosystem are highlighted for secure online voting systems. Visual cryptography (VC) is a technique where visual information can be encrypted on the user side, with the information decrypted on the admin side, which can be helpful in allowing participation in voting systems securely and ensuring fast vote counting and monitoring of the voting process to achieve high accuracy while being scam-free. The proposed secure online voting system using visual cryptography is efficiently developed using Python and achieves better performance on minimum software and hardware configuration systems.
RESEARCHERS FROM THE FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES AND EDUCATION FOR INNOVATIVE EDUCATION: INNOVATIVE PEDAGOGY 1:1
Authors: Zemljak Dejan , Martinc Urška , Flogie Andrej , Kobše Žiga , Fošnjar Helena , Vičič Krabonja Maja
Published: July 2021

In 2017, the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics (FNM) of the University of Maribor entered the partnership of the project Innovative Learning Environments Supported by ICT - Innovative Pedagogy 1:1, led by the Institute Anton Martin Slomšek (ZAMS) and lasting from 2017 to 2022. Innovative Pedagogy 1:1 is a project focusing on the development of competences, which are “one of the fundamental prerequisites for lifelong learning and improved employability. One of the conditions for achieving this is the implementation of flexible forms of learning, which redefine the roles of all stakeholders involved: students, professionals and principals”. The basic focus is on developing digital competencies of students, pedagogical and non-pedagogical staff, and school principals. This research describes the ways in which the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, as an academic institution training pre-service teachers of Engineering and Technology, has supported project activities, how it participated in some of the project’s key working bodies, and what its contribution is.
Keywords: academic collaboration, community, innovative pedagogy, project work
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DAS CONDIÇÕES DE VIDA DA POPULAÇÃO BENEFICIÁRIA DO PROGRAMA BOLSA FAMÍLIA EM PIRACICABA – SÃO PAULO.
Authors: JOSÉ DIEGO GOBBO ALVES
Published: August 2021

A pobreza possui um caráter multidimensional, não estando restrito a dimensão econômica da insuficiência de renda. Com base nisso, este artigo traz uma reflexão sobre as famílias que fazem parte do Programa, suas características individuais e, principalmente, as condições de moradia dessa população, com foco em um estudo de caso em Piracicaba – São Paulo. Partiu-se da concepção de multidimensionalidade da pobreza para entender as dimensões sociais e espaciais dessa população, utilizando uma metodologia de levantamento de dados secundários e discussão teórica sobre o banco de dados do Cadastro Único, do Programa Bolsa Famílias e seus beneficiários. Os resultados apontaram fragilidades nas condições de vida dessa população, com moradias precárias, baixo nível de escolaridade e trabalho, o que reforça a concepção que a transferência de renda deve vir acompanhada de outras políticas públicas para a população em estado de pobreza e extrema pobreza no Brasil.
PERIGO DE INUNDAÇÃO E VULNERABILIDADE SOCIOECONÔMICA NA ÁREA URBANA DE ERECHIM, RS (BRASIL)
Authors: ANDRÉ RICARDO FURLAN  , JUÇARA SPINELLI
Published: August 2021

Dentre os perigos naturais mais comuns, as inundações em áreas urbanas ganham destaque, pois afetam um maior quantitativo populacional e causam danos, muitas vezes, irreparáveis. Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia auxiliar à identificação das áreas de perigo de inundação e à vulnerabilidade socioeconômica em um estudo na cidade de Erechim, localizada na porção norte do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil que registra, segundo a defesa civil municipal e reportagens de jornais, significativos pontos de inundação. Os resultados foram obtidos pela análise dos pontos identificados como recorrentes de inundações em períodos de chuvas intensas e de dados socioeconômicos (renda, alfabetização, densidade demográfica e tipologia de habitação) e a classificação da vulnerabilidade pelas condições dessas variáveis. A dinâmica espacial das bacias fluviais urbanizadas permitiu verificar que o maior número de pontos com registro de inundações ocorreu na bacia do rio Tigre, local com alto grau de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica.
Epidemiological profile of american tegumentary leishmaniasis in the state of Maranhão in recent years
Authors: Silva Farias Francisco Jhon Anderson , Do Ceu da Silva Edigleison , Angelo da Silva Suzana , Soares Pinheiro Valéria Cristina , Trindade Bezerra Juliana Maria
Published: July 2021

American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) is a non-contagious disease, caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania, vector-borne by sandflies. Initially it is enzootic, but it can affect humans in a secondary way, characterizing itself as a zoonosis. It has great epidemiological importance due to the complexity of the treatment. The disease has been spreading on a large scale throughout Brazil, as well as in the state of Maranhão. This study is a descriptive approach with the use of confirmed cases of ATL by the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System, for the years 2010 to 2019 for the state of Maranhão. The following variables were analyzed: annual notifications, gender, age group, clinical forms, case outcome and municipalities with the most notifications.  During the study period, 19,043 cases were confirmed in the state. The year 2011 had the highest number of notifications, with 2,948 cases and an incidence of 44.83 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The male gender was the most affected with 71.9%. The predominant age group was between 20 and 39 years old, with 42.7%. The cutaneous form was prevalent with 96.4%. The three municipalities with the highest number of records were Montes Altos (West Mesoregion), Buriticupu (West Mesoregion) and Arame (Centro Maranhense Mesoregion). The state of Maranhão is considered endemic for ATL, so it is considered essential to continuously adopt measures to combat the vector and to conduct educational campaigns that inform the population about minimizing the possibilities of disease transmission.