bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PM10 EXCEEDANCE IN BULGARIA
Authors: Naydenova Iliyana , Petrova Tsvetelina , Velichkova Rositsa , Simova Iskra
Published: November 2018

Despite the effort done by member states during the last decade, failure in the implementation of the Ambient Air Quality Directive is being continuously registered in many European cities for different air pollutants. One of the biggest concerns in Bulgaria is the exceeded PM10 concentration in the ambient air, measured in all six air quality zones during the winter period. This has induced numerous activities (at the national and European level) focused on the following issues: identification of the level of exceedance of the air quality norms for PM10; the general emission sources; the most prominent omissions and discrepancies in the legislative framework; the level of implementation of the prescribed measures and many others. However, the PM10 exceedance is still of a significant concern in at least 28 municipalities in Bulgaria. Thus, the present work introduces a brief report on the current state of the problem in the country. For that purpose, benchmarking analyses was applied for obtaining the range of discrepancies and the tendencies of the PM10 concentrations, monitored in the ambient air at the affected municipalities. The investigation was carried out using merely officially reported and freely accessible data and covered a relatively short period of time of six years. The latest national and European environmental reports present data confirming the primary role of residential heating and transport during the winter period as well as at the occurrence of particular atmospheric conditions.
PRELIMINARY DETERMINATION OF HYDROLYTIC STABILITY OF A PYRROLE-BASED HYDRAZIDE AND ITS HYDRAZONE
Authors: Tzankova Diana , Peikova Lily , Georgieva Maya
Published: November 2018

A validated UV/VIS method for preliminary determination of the chemical stability and stability in close to physiological conditions of a model pyrrole hydrazide and its corresponding derivative, bearing susceptible to hydrolysis hydrazone group was developed. The evaluated substances were subjected to the influence of a variety of pH medias, representing the main physiological values of 37°C and corresponding pH values in the stomach (pH 2.0), blood (pH 7.4) and small intestine (pH 9.0). The chemical stability at strong alkali media of pH 13.0 was also evaluated. The hydrazide was found to be stable at all investigated conditions. The tested hydrazone was determined to be stable at pH of 7.4 and a temperature of 37°C and susceptible to hydrolysis at strong acidic (pH 2.0) and moderate alkali (pH 9.0) media at the same temperature. In addition, a decrease in the absorption at strong alkali media (pH 13.0) was observed, showing the compounds instability under these conditions.
PROPOSTA DE MELHORIA ERGONÔMICA E OTIMIZAÇÃO DA INSTALAÇÃO PARA A ATIVIDADE LEITEIRA EM PEQUENAS PROPRIEDADES RURAIS
Authors: Oliveira Claudilaine Caldas de , Ulbricht Leandra , Barros Frieda Saicla , Zagonel Leandro Luiz , Moro Antônio Renato Pereira
Published: November 2018

As instalações adaptadas ergonomicamente aos ordenhadores da atividade leiteira podem reduzir a sua exposição aos riscos laborais e, assim, impactar positivamente na saúde e produtividade dos trabalhadores. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma proposta de melhoria ergonômica nas instalações da atividade leiteira em propriedades rurais com organização familiar. Assim, foi realizada uma pesquisa em 14 propriedades leiteiras familiares, visitadas e acompanhadas para o conhecimento de suas características e a coleta de informações relacionadas à atividade leiteira. Para tal, foram considerados os dados antropométricos dos ordenhadores, os dados biométricos dos animais ordenhados, os dados relativos à produção de leite e as normas sanitárias e regulamentadoras. Quanto ao arranjo físico da instalação para a atividade leiteira, os resultados apresentados aqui contemplam as salas de espera e ordenha com fosso, a sala de leite/máquinas, o banheiro (BWC) e o escritório. O arranjo físico apresenta como vantagem a possibilidade de contribuir com melhorias nas condições e na organização do trabalho com eficiência produtiva.
Gender, sex and romance in role playing video games: Dragon’s Dogma, Fable III and Dragon Age: Inquisition
Authors: Navarro-Remesal Victor
Published: November 2018

Gender, as Judith Butler argued, is performative. People define their gender by ‘doing’, often unknowingly, through manners, gestures and practices. Video games are cybertexts with configurative performances, that is, the act of playing is a constant performance that affects not only the creation of meaning, but the resulting text of the game as well. When we play, we shape the discourse by ‘doing’. Representation – how the game elements can be seen to articulate meaning – and performance – how the player uses the game to complete and modify this meaning – cannot be separated in game analysis. Every game gives us a set of actions, or mechanics that we use at will to achieve goals following clear rules, and these rules and actions are precisely the building blocks of a game. Ludofictional worlds have an ingrained idea of ‘reality’ that we can take at face value or explore, even question. So, if games are performances, is our performance within them gendered? That is, are we reproducing our learned performativity or breaking away from it? Is the game a procedure we follow or an instrument we use to express ourselves? In this article, I use game analysis tools and theory to describe if and how three particular games, Dragon’s Dogma (Capcom, 2012), Fable III (Lionhead Studios, 2010) and Dragon Age: Inquisition (BioWare, 2014), each coming from a different territory: Japan, Europe and the United States – give the player freedom and opportunity to perform gender, and how they include pluralism and/or diversity. The article has no intention to describe all of the current gaming culture, but to illustrate some trends in mainstream games regarding representation and player freedom in the design of gender and sex. Romance can be seen as the frame of a conversation between the designers and the players.
Fan preservation of ‘flopped’ games and systems: The case of the Virtual Boy in Spain
Authors: Mora-Cantallops Marçal , Bergillos Ignacio
Published: November 2018

This article presents Planet Virtual Boy (PlanetVB) and Virtual Boy enthusiast practices in Spain as a case study for fan preservation of failed games and systems. Using a historical approach and contributions from cultural studies, fan studies and game studies, practices and motivations for fan curation are discussed. Online communities serve as a common ground where fandom collaborates and negotiates at different levels in order to support video game preservation. The tensions that arise and the practices that take place are explained and connected to previous theory. Virtual Boy in Spain illustrates how the fragile, ambivalent and chaotic nature of online communities can also contribute to a successful preservation of game culture and video game history.
Edaphic arthropods in different successional stages of Atlantic forest and abandoned pasture areas
Authors: Ferreira Cláudia Dos Reis , Souza Rodrigo Camara de , Correia Maria Elizabeth Fernandes , Resende Alexander Silva de , Anjos Lúcia Helena Cunha dos , Pereira Marcos Gervasio
Published: November 2018

The vegetation may modifies the structure and composition of the community of edaphic arthropods. This study aimed to compare the community of edaphic arthropods in four areas of abandoned pasture (AP1, AP2, AP3, AP4) and four secondary native forest fragments in a successional gradient (FF1, FF2, FF3, FF4), in Itaboraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The areas are positioned on the hillside and the sampling was conducted in transects outlined in a toposequence (upper, middle and lower sections), where pitfall traps were installed in the dry season. The organisms were identified in taxonomic groups (class, order and family). Comparing the averages for AP and FF, there was no defined pattern in terms of the response of structural attributes (total abundance, richness, uniformity and diversity). Among the areas of FF, higher values of all of the structural attributes occurred in the intermediate stages of forest succession (FF2, FF3), compared to the initial (FF1) and advanced stages (FF4). On average for the FF, the most favored groups were Archaeognatha, Coleoptera, Entomobryomorpha, Pseudoscorpionida, Psocoptera and Symphypleona. On average for the areas of AP, the most favored groups were Acari, Araneae, Formicidae, Diplopoda and Auchenorrhyncha. Among the areas of FF, Sternorryncha, Symphyla and Thysanura were favored in FF1, while Coleoptera, Psocoptera, Pseudoscorpionida, Entomobryomorpha and Archaeognatha were favored in the other successional stages (FF2, FF3, FF4
Correlations and path analysis for fruit yield in pepper lines (Capsicum chinense L.)
Authors: Soares Renato Silva , Silva Hellismar Wakson da , Candido Willame Dos Santos , Vale Luís Sérgio Rodrigues
Published: November 2018

Information regarding the correlation between characters are of great importance to simultaneous traits selection in breeding programs. However, quantification and interpretation of the correlations magnitude do not imply in direct and indirect effects. In this context, the path analysis is presented as an alternative and viable tool for the selection process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlations between eight major agronomic characters in pepper lines (C. chinense L.) and its consequences in direct and indirect effects by path analysis. Eight agronomic traits were assessed under field conditions in 22 C. chinense L lines. According to the results, there is a genetic variability among the evaluated lines, whose yield per plant (PY) and total number of fruits (NF) variables are highly correlated with high direct effect on pepper lines yield. The selection of pepper lines with high yield can be accomplished through direct selection or using a suitable selection index, being advantageous to select lines with other characteristics, such as appropriate scion height and diameter for conducting manual and mechanized harvesting. The use of the constant k is efficient to reduce the variance of path coefficients, providing better estimation of the effects that affects yield.
Total chlorophyll and nutrients content in bean plants and weeds in competition
Authors: Ribeiro Victor Hugo Vidal , Da Silveira Júnior Marcos Antônio , Pereira Gustavo Antônio Mendes , Ferreira Evander Alves , Silva Enilson De Barros , Dos Santos José Barbosa
Published: November 2018

Plants compete for several resources on soil, including water, light and nutrients which can affect crop yield and also weeds growth. Under the hypothesis that in different densities and weed communities, crops and weeds undergo changes in their nutritional contents of macro and micronutrients, the aim of this study was to quantify the nutritional contents of bean plants and weeds cultivated in increasing densities (0, 74, 147, 221 and 295 plants m-2) and the effect of the association of plants (isolated bean, bean + Urochloa plantaginea, bean + Bidens pilosa and bean + Urochloa plantaginea + Bidens pilosa). The contents of macro and micronutrients were evaluated. The increase in plant density promoted a decrease in the total chlorophyll content of bean plants and weeds, as well as a decrease in macronutrients (K and P) and micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu). In the arrangement where the greatest number of species were cultivated simultaneously and in increasing densities, a greater reduction in total chlorophyll content and in macro and micronutrient contents of the three species (crops and weeds) were observed.
Microbial biomass in a haplic gleysol in the Mato Grosso State Pantanal
Authors: Campos Daniela Tiago da Silva , Martins Maíra De Emílio , Messias Indira Ashant Martins , MEdeiros Patrícia Teles
Published: November 2018

The Pantanal is a biome that lives under water conditions and resists to two very distinct periods: flooded and drained. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior and quantify the microbial biomass during the flood period, in soils under riparian forest and cerrado vegetation in Mato Grosso State pantanal, at two depths. At depths of 0.00-0.05 m, the highest levels of C-BM and RB were found in cerrado soils; for the metabolic quotient no differences were observed in the two vegetations; the total organic carbon content was higher in riparian forest soils and the microbial quotient was higher in cerrado soils. Bacteria and fungi were found to be more abundant in the cerrado soil at the two evaluated depths and the actinomycetes in the forest. It is concluded that in the flood period there are the presence of active microorganisms which produce a differentiated biomass due to the phytophysiognomy of the location.
Black garlic: transformation effects, characterization and consumer purchase intention
Authors: Resende Nassur Rita de Cássia Mirela , Vilas Boas Eduardo Valério de Barros , Resende Francisco Vilela
Published: November 2018

Black garlic is produced from chemical and biochemical reactions when the fresh garlic bulb is submitted to specific temperature and moisture conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate quality and nutritional changes on bulbs before and after the transformation in black garlic, presenting the new product for the consumer, evaluating the purchase intention. Commercial garlic bulbs cv. Amarante were obtained and transformed in black garlic. The color, proximate composition (moisture, crude lipid, crude protein, crude fiber, ash and nitrogen-free extract), total sugars, total phenolics content and antioxidant activity were evaluated on fresh and black garlic bulbs. The transformation of garlic in black garlic resulted in an increase on crude lipid, crude protein, total sugars, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. A multivariate analysis was performed and the characteristics of nutritional interest were positively related to the black garlic samples and a completely separation of the products before and after processing can be observed, affirming the physical, chemical, nutritional and sensory attributes difference. Only 20% of the surveyed consumers affirmed that they already knew the product and 55% classified the product after visual evaluation between “liked slightly” and “liked very much”, with 62% of purchase intention by the interviewed consumers.
Spatial distribution of physical attributes of an Ultisol under papaya crop
Authors: Lima Juliao Soares de Souza , Sturião Walas Permanhane , Gontijo Ivoney , Silva Samuel Assis
Published: November 2018

The successful development of the root system of plants depends on the favorable conditions of soil physical attributes. The objective of this work was to study the spatial variability of physical attributes in an Ultisol cultivated with papaya. The soil was prepared mechanically plowing, harrowing, sulcal and subsoiler. In the center of the crop field was built a sampling grid with points spaced 5.7 m, totalizando129 georeferenced points. The soil samples at two depths (0 - 0.20 m, 0.20 - 0.40 m) were collected for four months after transplantation, to determine the total porosity (TP), soil moisture (Um), soil bulk density (BD) and soil penetration resistance in the planting row (PRPR) and in the traffic machines rows (PRRow). The soil penetration resistance in the planting row and in the traffic machines row was determined. The BD1 and BD2 showed the lowest CV values, and the data were fitted to the exponential and spherical models, respectively, with spatial dependence ranges of 20 and 28 m. At the layer of 0-0.20 m depth, the attributes showed the same spatial distribution pattern. At the layer of 0-0.20 m depth, the soil penetration resistance showed 7.5 times greater in the traffic machines region (rw spacing) than the value found in the planting row.
Physiological and sanitary quality of organic tomato seeds treated with clove basil extracts
Authors: Araujo Eduardo Fontes , Mauri Aldo Luiz , Araujo Roberto Fontes , Ribeiro Amaro Hugo Tiago , Henriques da Silva Derly José , Fernandes dos Santos Dias Denise Cunha
Published: November 2018

The seed treatment provides disease control before the crop installation, minimizing the pathogens control cost. However, there are few seed treatment alternatives to organic farming. In this sense, the objective of the study was to evaluate the physiological and sanitary quality of organic tomato seeds treated with clove basil extract. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with a 2x5 factorial (extract concentrations x imbibition periods) for each seed lot. Six lots of tomato seeds produced under organic cultivation were used. The samples of the lots were stored in glass pots in a cold room at 16 ºC and 80% of relative humidity for 12 months. Seeds were treated with clove basil extract at concentrations of 5 and 10% for 0; 2.5; 5; 7.5 and 10 minutes. The seeds physiological and health quality were evaluated by the following tests: moisture content, germination, first count of germination, seedling emergence, emergence speed index and seed health. In general, the wild basil extract does not affect the physiological quality of tomato seeds. There were inhibitory and antifungal activity of Aspergillus sp. using basil extract, significantly reducing their impact on the seeds, for all evaluated factors. It was concluded that the clove basil extract inhibit the Aspergillus sp. incidence in organic tomato seeds, maintaining its physiological quality.
Different limestone particle sizes for soil acidity correction, Ca and Mg supply and corn yield
Authors: Ratke Rafael Felipe , Pereira Hamilton Seron , Santos_Júnior João de Deus Gomes dos , Barbosa Juliano Magalhães , Lopes Liliane Oliveira
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the soil acidity correction and the grain yield responses for the lime application in different granulometric particles. The limestone particle sizes incorporated into the distroferric red Oxisol were: 0.20 mm to 0.30 mm; 0.30 mm to 0.56 mm; 0.56 mm to 0.82 mm and 0.82 mm to 2.00 mm, at doses of 1.3 t ha-1; 2.6 t ha-1; 3.9 t ha-1 and 6.6 t ha-1 respectively, and a control respectively, and a control (no lime incorporation in the soil). The soil chemical characteristics pH, H+Al3+, Al3+, Ca2+ e Mg2+ were evaluated at 6 months and 18 months after the lime application. The corn yields were evaluated during the 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 crop years. Higher limestone contents and lower particle size resulted in the same effect on soil acidity correction, reducing Al3+ and increasing Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the soil when the 0.30 mm limestone was incorporated, with residual effect at 18 months. Highest corn yield was obtained when the 0.82 mm to 2.00 mm particle size was incorporated in the first crop year, when compared to the lowest limestone particle size used.
Sowing date of palisadegrass intercropped with grain sorghum and soybean yield in succession
Authors: Dias Danyllo Santos , Umburanas Renan Caldas , Sena Junior Darly Geraldo de
Published: November 2018

The use of intercropping sorghum-palisadegrass for grain and straw production has become an advantageous cultivation option, can provide improvements in physical and chemical soil properties, maximizes production and income to the growers. There are still many management gaps to be improved in this intercropping in order that grower has the best outcome. Considering this, the objective of this study was to evaluate different sowing dates of palisadegrass in relation to sorghum, and evaluate the yield of soybean cultivated in succession. Palisadegrass was sown in monocrop and also between the lines of sorghum at different times (0, 15 and 25 days after sowing sorghum), as well the sorghum in monocrop. Soybeans were grown in succession on the straw of the mentioned treatments. It was evaluated biomass production and grain yield. Sowing palisadegrass and sorghum on the same day reduced sorghum grain yield and the palisadegrass biomass production. However, if palisadegrass are sowed 15 days after sorghum sowing, did not reduce the sorghum grain yield. Also, if the producer aims to produce sorghum grains, it is better to delay the sowing of palisadegrass in relation to sorghum. Although, if the producer aims to produce residual dry biomass, it is better to sow palisadegrass on the same day as sorghum or monocrop palisadegrass. Soybean yield did not differ among treatments when grown on different straws in the first year of cultivation.
Physiological and sanitary quality of seeds of Dimorphandra gardneriana Tul. treated with essential oils
Authors: Moura Sueli Da SIlva Santos de , Soares Alinne Menezes , Ursulino Marina Matias , Oliveira Robério de , Nascimento Luciana Cordeiro , Alves Edna Ursulino
Published: November 2018

Dimorphandra gardneriana, popularly known as fava d’anta, is a medicinal species whose fruits and seeds are used in the manufacture of medicines. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry) and copaíba (Copaifera sp.) essential oils in antifungal treatment of seeds of D. gardneriana and their influence on physiological quality of the seeds. Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design using seeds treated with different concentrations of copaiba and clove oils (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mL) and two controls—seeds were treated with distilled water or fungicide. The variables analyzed were: incidence of fungi in seeds in the first experiment and seed germination and vigor (first germination, length and dry mass of root and shoot of the seedlings) in the second one. The incidence of fungi of the genera Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., and Rhizopus sp. in the seeds was elevated. The copaiba oil at the concentrations used did not satisfactorily reduce the incidence of fungi in the seeds of D. gardneriana, while the treatment of the seeds with clove oil at concentrations of 2.0 and 0.5 mL reduced the incidence of Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus sp., respectively. Seed germination and vigor increased at concentrations of 2 mL of clove oil and 1.25 mL of copaiba oil.
Physical and chemical characterization of sweet passion fruits genotypes in Sao Mateus, Espírito Santo State, Brazil
Authors: Alexandre Rodrigo Sobreira , Monteiro Junior Kleber Rogeres , Chagas Kristhiano , Siqueira André Lucas , Schmildt Edilson Romais , Lopes José Carlos
Published: November 2018

In Brazil 95% of the passion fruit marketed comes from the species Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa (yellow passion fruit), the remainder are Passiflora edulis f. edulis (purple passion fruit) and Passiflora alata (sweet passion fruit), considered market niches. Because of the wide genetic variability the genus Passiflora, it is of fundamental importance to identify superior genotypes to improve the quality of fruit for the fresh market. The objective is to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits of 33 genotypes P. alata Curtis, evaluated in a randomized complete block design with two replicates of four plants, from native matrices, located at the experimental farm of the University Center of the North of Espírito Santo, Federal University of Espírito Santo, in the Northern Region of the state of Espírito Santo, São Mateus -ES. Thirty-two mature fruits were collected in each replicate, eight per plant and the following characteristics were analyzed: fruit weight (g); equatorial and polar diameter of fruit (cm); peel thickness (mm); mass of the pulp (g); pulp volume (mL); pulp yield (%); number of seeds per fruit, pH; soluble solids (SS); titratable acidity (TA) and ratio (SS/TA). There is a wide genetic variability among P. alata genotypes as to the traits assessed. Genotypes 4, 6, 8, 11, 15, 18, 21, 25 and 26 stood out among the rest, and is therefore recommended for new plantings and future breeding programs.
Astringency reduction using ethanol-associated to the storing under refrigeration at 5ºC promotes physiological and structural alterations in ‘Giombo’ persimmons
Authors: Tessmer Magda Andréia , Appezzato da Glória Beatriz , Kluge Ricardo Alfredo
Published: November 2018

This study aimed to study the effect of astringency reduction using ethanol and application of 1-MCP in ‘Giombo’ persimmons, storage in cold chamber at 5ºC and to assess its physiological and structural alterations. After the deastringency treatment using ethanol, and the application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), the fruits were stored at 5ºC and 90% RH during 60 days and shelf life (SL) for 5 days at 22ºC. The dosage of 1.70 ml/kg-1 ethanol during 12 hours was efficient for the astringency removal in ‘Giombo’ persimmons. However, deastringency using ethanol reduces pulp firmness and 1-MCP preserves this characteristic both in detannized fruits and in controls. The increase of soluble pectins and solubilization did not foster the polymerization of the soluble tannins both in control and detannized fruits. ‘Giombo’ persimmons displayed a severe firmness reduction, increase of soluble pectins, and degradation of the parenchyma cells, gelling of the pulp, increase of the production of ethanol and acetaldehyde after 60 days of storing + 5 days SL, inclusively in control fruits, and those treated with 1-MCP. These results suggest, cultivar ‘Giombo’ is susceptible to damages at 5ºC and that further studies are required using different temperatures to improve the storage.
Serum levels of testosterone and performance of surgical or immunocastrated beef steers
Authors: Machado Diego Soares , Alves Filho Dari Celestino , Argenta Flânia Mônego , Brondani Ivan Luiz , Martini Ana Paula Machado
Published: November 2018

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the serum concentration of testosterone and the performance of beef steers submitted to different surgical or immunological castration strategies. Forty- eight Aberdeen Angus calves were randomly distributed in the following treatments: surgical castrated at birth; surgical castrated at weaning; immunocastrated with three doses of Bopriva® vaccine; immunocastrated with four doses of Bopriva® vaccine. The hormonal dosages were performed through ELISA Test by “In vitro” competition. The weighing and body condition score of the animals were determined at the beginning and at the end of each evaluated phase. The completely randomly experimental design was used. Data were submitted to variance analysis by F test, being the averages compared by Tukey test with α=0.05. There was an interaction between treatment and collection date (P<0.05) for the serum levels of testosterone. By occasion of the slaughter, all the animals presented a similar serum concentration of testosterone, characterizing them as castrated. Animals immunological castrated with three doses of Bopriva® presented higher daily average gain and total weight gain on finishing phase than the ones surgical castrated at weaning. The immunological castration shows a viable alternative in relation to surgical castration.
Seeding system and density for winter Urochloa ruziziensis intercropped with sorghum between soybean crops
Authors: Buffara Marco Antônio , Silva Alessandro Guerra da , Teixeira Itamar Rosa , Costa Kátia Aparecida de Pinho , Simon Gustavo André , Goulart Maria Mirmes Paiva
Published: November 2018

The intercrop of grain sorghum with Urochloa ruziziensis allows the production of grains and biomass in the winter. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the more adequate seeding system and seed density for Urochloa ruziziensis intercropped with sorghum between soybean crops to obtain high grain and biomass yields with these species and evaluate the performance of the subsequent soybean crop. The experiments were carried out in the winter of 2015 and in the 2015-2016 crop season in Rio Verde GO, and Santa Helena de Goiás GO, Brazil. The treatments consisted of three seeding systems (in-row, inter-row, and broadcast), and five seed densities (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 viable seeds m-2) of U. ruziziensis intercropped with sorghum, using monocultures of sorghum and U. ruziziensis as controls. The seeding density of 8 viable seeds m-2 of U. ruziziensis using in-row seeding, and up to 10 viable seeds m-2 using inter-row, and broadcast seedings do not decrease sorghum grain yield. Increasing seeding density of U. ruziziensis increases its dry matter yield, and the total dry matter yield when intercropped with sorghum. The intercrop of sorghum with U. ruziziensis increases the soil plant coverage. The dry matter of the intercrop of sorghum with U. ruziziensis does not affect soybean grain yield.
X-ray test on passion fruit seeds submitted to different aryl removal methods
Authors: Severiano Rogerio Luciano , Pinheiro Paloma Rayane , Gomes Junior Francisco Guilhien , Medeiros Andre Dantas de , PEREIRA MARCIO DIAS
Published: November 2018

Passion fruit seeds present germination problems which are mainly attributed to growth regulating substances present in aryl. The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of passion fruit seeds submitted to different aryl removal methods by the X-ray test compared to the traditional viability and vigor tests. Seeds extracted from giant yellow passion fruit were purchased from a local market and then subjected to the following aryl removal techniques: water degumming, sand rubbing, mechanical blending, fermentation and virgin lime. After aryl removal, the seeds were submitted to a physiological quality evaluation by the moisture degree, germination, first germination count, germination speed, and seedling length, and also a physical quality evaluation by X-ray test. The treatments using fermentation and virgin lime were harmful to the seeds and the aryl removal techniques of passion fruit seeds by means of degumming in water, sand friction and mechanically with a blender presented the best results. The X-ray test was efficient in identifying mechanical damage and deformations in passion fruit seeds.
Growth of melon cultivated in coconut fiber under different concentrations of nutrient solution
Authors: Cosme Christiano Rebouças , Dias Nildo Da Silva , Silva Karen Mariany Pereira , Fonteles John Lenon Vasconcelos , Gurgel Marcelo Tavares , Fernandes Cleyton Dos Santos
Published: November 2018

To evaluate the effects of applying different concentrations of the nutrient solution macronutrients in growth of melon cultivated in coconut fiber it was conducted this experiment uses the ‘Galia’ melon (Cucumis melo L., hybrid Babilonia RZ F1). The experimental design was a randomized blocks utilizing five treatments, which corresponded to different concentrations of macronutrients in nutritive solutions (corresponding to different levels of nutrient solution macronutrients) based on the standard solution for the melon proposed by Furlani: 100 (control), 75, 50, 25, and 12.5%, applied in five replications. The concentration of 50% provided higher production of dry matter of the aerial part and leaf area. The absolute aerial part growth rate showed different tendencies for levels being that concentration of 50% produced the best results. The relative growth rate of the aerial part and assimilation rate of the aerial part decrease with time for all concentrations of the nutrient solutions tested.
Ecophysiology modeling by artificial neural networks for different spacings in eucalypt
Authors: Lafetá Bruno Oliveira , Santana Reynaldo Campos , Nogueira Gilciano Saraiva , Penido Tamires Mousslech Andrade , Vieira Diego Dos Santos
Published: November 2018

Growth and production models are widely used to predict yields and support forestry decisions. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are computational models that simulate the brain and nervous system human functions, with a memory capable of establishing mathematical relationships between independent variables to estimate the dependent variables. This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of eucalypt biomass modeling under different spacings using Multilayer Perceptron networks, trained through the backpropagation algorithm. The experiment was installed in randomized block, and the effect of five planting spacings was studied in three blocks: T1 – 3.0 x 0.5 m; T2 – 3.0 x 1.0 m; T3 – 3.0 x 1.5 m; T4 – 3.0 x 2.0 m e T5 – 3.0 x 3.0 m. A continuous forest inventory was carried out at the ages of 48, 61, 73, 85 and 101 months. The leaf area, leaf perimeter and specific leaf area were measured at 101 months in one sample tree per experimental unit. Two thousand ANN were trained, using all inventoried trees, to estimate the eco-physiological attributes and the prognosis of the wood biomass. The artificial neural networks modeling was adequate to estimate eucalypt wood biomass, according to age and under different spacings, using the diameter-at-breast-height and leaf perimeter as predictor variables.
Quality maintenance of ‘Laetitia’ plum by application of 1- methylcyclopropene, ethanol vapor and heat treatment
Authors: De Martin Mariuccia Schlichting , Steffens Cristiano André , Pavarin Diego Fernando , Rodrigues Marília Farias , Amarante Cassandro Vidal Talamine do , Brackmann Auri
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), ethanol and heat treatment on ripening behavior and internal browning occurrence of ‘Laetitia’ plum stored under regular air. The treatments were: control, 1-MCP (1,0 µL L-1), ethanol (500 and 1500 µL L-1) and heat treatment (37 and 40 °C) for 24 h. Fruit were stored under regular air for 25 or 35 d at 0.5±0,1 °C and 96±1% relative humidity (RH), and assessed for respiration rate, ethylene production, skin color, flesh firmness, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, incidence of decay and incidence and severity of internal flesh browning. In both storage periods, immediately at removal from cold room, fruit from all the treatments showed lower respiration rate and ethylene production than control fruit. Ethanol vapor at 1500 µL L-1, 1-MCP at 1,0 µL L-1 and heat treatment at 40 °C allowed a less reddish skin after 35 d of storage, as well as higher flesh firmness and lower intensity of internal flesh browning than control fruit, in both evaluated storage periods. In either 25 or 35 d of storage period, heat treatment at 40 °C increased the occurrence of decay. All the treatments provided lower incidence of internal flesh browning than control fruit in both evaluations. The postharvest application of ethanol at 1500 µL L-1, 1-MCP at 1,0 µL L-1 and heat treatment at 40 °C for 24 h delay the ripening process and reduce the incidence of internal flesh browning of ‘Laetitia’ plum.
Software for the Analysis of Species-Specific Vocalizations
Authors: Šuta Daniel , Komárek Martin , Jilek Milan , Syka Josef
Published: November 2018

Vocalization calls are behaviorally relevant complex sounds that typically contain several harmonics and show frequency and amplitude modulation. In this paper, an introduction to a software tool for the analysis of species-specific vocalizations is presented. The algorithm automatically or under user supervision detects time-varying amplitude and frequency parameters, which can serve for the statistical analysis of calls or as the substrate for the manipulation and synthesis of artificial calls. The described program and its results will be used in studying the representation of complex sounds in the central nervous system.
Subependymal Zone: Immunohistochemically Distinct Compartment in the Adult Mammalian Forebrain
Authors: Mokrý Jaroslav , Čížková Dana , Österreicher Jan
Published: November 2018

The subependymal zone (SEZ) lining lateral walls of the lateral cerebral ventricles represents the site of active neurogenesis in the brain of adult mammals. Peroxidase immunohistochemistry performed in paraffin-embedded sections reveals that structural organization of the SEZ differs from other regions in the brain. The SEZ is devoid of synapses that are abundant in the adjacent striatal neuropil. Therefore immunostaining of synaptophysin detects sharp borders of the SEZ. Using immunophenotypization, we identified cell types constituting the SEZ in the intact rat forebrain. The presence of neural progenitor/stem cells was confirmed by finding of nestin-immunopositive cells. Detection of the astroglial marker GFAP confirmed that astrocytes represented major supporting elements responsible for creating a unique microenvironment of the SEZ. One type of the astroglia participated in covering surfaces of the blood vessels and boundaries of the SEZ. The second astroglial cell type formed branched elongated tubes that enwrapped other SEZ cell types with their cytoplasmic extensions. The interior of astrocytic channels was occupied with small densely aggregated NCAM-immunoreactive neuroblasts. Bipolar morphology indicated that these cells probably underwent migration. Immunodetection of other neuronal markers like β-III tubulin, MAP-2 and Pan neurofilaments identified positive cells in the neighbouring brain parenchyma but not in the SEZ. The rostral migratory stream (RMS) linked with the anterior SEZ had a similar structural arrangement. It contained a large amount of nestin+and vimentin+cells. The RMS consisted of GFAP+astrocytic tubes ensheathing NCAM+neuroblasts. On the contrary to the SEZ, the RMS neuroblasts expressed β-III tubulin. However, markers of postmitotic neurons MAP-2, Pan neurofilaments and synaptophysin were not expressed in the RMS. Our study describes a complex histological structure of the rat SEZ, identifies its individual cell types and demonstrates a usefulness of immunohistochemical detection of cell-specific markers in a study of microenvironment forming neurogenic zones in the mammalian brain.
Passivation of Dental Amalgams and Mercury Release
Authors: Joska Luděk , Marek Miroslav
Published: November 2018

Objectives: In this study the rate of dissolution of mercury from two dental amalgams with different compositions and structures was determined in vitro under different oxidation and abrasion conditions, and the results were correlated with the electrochemical characteristics. Methods: A spherical high copper and a lathe-cut very high-copper amalgam were tested in aerated and deaerated artificial saliva. The electrochemical characteristics were determined by potential- time, anodic polarization, polarization resistance and cathodic stripping measurements. Mercury release tests were performed after either stabilization in the solution, or abrasion using SiC papers or rotary toothbrush, with or without toothpaste. Dissolved mercury was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results: Both amalgams exhibited passivation, the amalgam with the higher copper content passivating spontaneously even when the oxygen content in the solution was minimized. At a higher oxygen content in the solution the rate of mercury release from the amalgams was lower than when the oxygen content was minimized, and decreased further after a pre-exposure. Brushing generally increased the release. Significance: The results show the importance of the oxidation conditions and passivation characteristics of dental amalgams for mercury release, especially in the transient state after abrasion by chewing or tooth brushing.
ESOL pre-service teachers’ experiences and learning in completing a reflection paper and digital storytelling
Authors: Park Ho-Ryong
Published: November 2018

This qualitative study investigated how pre-service teachers of English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) experienced and learned from their completion of a reflective project, including a reflection paper and digital storytelling. The participants were 20 graduate students in a program for Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) at a university in the United States. This study aimed to identify participants’ experiences when completing the project and its influences on their learning. The findings demonstrated their diverse performance and perspectives during the tasks, as well as their learning in language, culture, education, and technology. Based on these findings, dialogic hybrid learning and the pedagogical implications are discussed.
Tragizm w powieści Borysa Pasternaka „Doktor Żywago”
Authors: Zbyrowski Zygmunt
Published: November 2018

The novel titled Doctor Zhivago presents a number of tragic situations, conflicts and protagonists. The causes of tragedy can be objective (the war and revolution) or subjective (the characters’ personalities as well as their attitudes, views and decisions). Upon numerous occasions, these causes are linked and enhance one another, thus intensifying the tragic qualities that affect the fate of individuals and large groups alike. It is not only particular protagonists that suffer and perish; whole villages or army and partisan detachments share the same plight. Pasternak demonstrated that tragedy is a prominent and inevitable component of human life.
Wojenna proza Wiktora Astafiewa a problem nienawiści i przebaczenia
Authors: Popiel-Machnicki Wawrzyniec
Published: November 2018

Viktor Astafyev was an outstanding Russian writer and a representative  of ”village prose”. In his oeuvre, along with works on the question of “man and nature”, we may find numerous important works concerning the subject of war. Astafyev fought in WWII, which left him with some unhealed wounds. In his novels about this 'Great Patriotic War', the dominating pacifist humanism triggered the first depiction of German soldiers through the prism of Christian mercy in Russian literature. The attempt to analyze the novel The Cursed and the Slain is very relevant in light of our present reality, full of news of new military conflicts, including that in eastern Ukraine.
Переводческая акцептация и полемика в интерпретации литературных имен собственных. На примере русского и польского переводов саги о Гарри Поттере
Authors: Rachut Konrad
Published: November 2018

Translation of literary proper names boils down to either accurately rendering their original form / meaning or finding equivalents which have less in common with their original versions. In the article the author attempts to deduce what might have caused the translators to choose one of the two strategies by means of analysing chosen examples from the saga. Apparently, the translators’ decisions stem not only from the limitations of respective languages and cultures, but also from their individual approach towards the original text.
Социальная сторона концепта ‘ЗРИТЕЛЬНОЕ ВОСПРИЯТИЕ’ в русской и польской языковых картинах мира (на материале глаголов зрительного восприятия)
Authors: Słupianek-Tajnert Daria
Published: November 2018

The article discusses the social dimension of the concept of VISUAL PERCEPTION in Russian and Polish based on visual perception verbs. Similarities and discrepancies in creating the concept in both languages are indicated. The analysis takes into consideration the anthropocentric factor in forming the concept.
Из наблюдений над текстом утреннего чтения на четверг Великой недели в Архангельском Евангелии 1092 года
Authors: Szwed Zofia
Published: November 2018

The article is an attempt to analyze the text of the morning reading for Holy Thursday in the 1092 Archangelsk Gospel referenced to the oldest Slavonic traditions  of the Holy Bible translations. So far, researchers have focused on the morning reading for Holy Wednesday, which played an important role in the study of the complete edition of Aprakos Gospel. Less attention has been paid to the reading for Holy Thursday, a text which although textologically close to the reading for Holy Wednesday, is very different in the lexical dimension.
Историко-геопоэтическая позиция нарратора в цикле рассказов Ивана Шмелева „Сидя на берегу”
Authors: Horczak Dorota
Published: November 2018

The article is devoted to an analysis of the historical and geopoetic perspective on narration in the series of Ivan Shmelev’s short stories Sitting on the River Bank. In these works, the geographical area of France becomes the prism through which the narrator perceives and interprets the cultural space of Russia.
Влияниe Вальтера Скотта на историческую прозу А.С. Пушкина: „Роб Рой” и „Капитанская дочка”
Authors: Kizelbach Urszula
Published: November 2018

This article analyses the influence of Sir Walter Scott’s historical fiction (Rob Roy) on the development of the historical novel in Russia in the first half of the 19th century, based on the example of Pushkin’s The Captain’s Daughter. The author argues that both Scott and Pushkin had a similar approach to their national and local history and collected historical material in the same way (through archival research and by contacting local people who had witnessed the events of the Jacobite Rebellion, 1715, and the Pugachev Rebellion, 1773–1775). A close analysis of both texts presents examples of a similar poetics of the narration, dialectal use of language and dialogue, and the use of local colour and folk elements, such as folk songs or old sayings, which serve as mottos for particular chapters in the novels.
Ikoniczność w tekstach epistolarnych Michaiła Bułhakowa
Authors: Rycielska Beata
Published: November 2018

The article pertains, in broad terms, to the concept of imaging of an act in language proposed by Ronald W. Langacker within the framework of cognitive grammar. In the narrow sense, it depicts one of the parameters of imaging — diagrammatical quantitative iconicity. The iconicity was described by applying the theory of a network model. On the basis of letters written by Mikhail Bulgakov, it was possible to distinguish concepts which result from the quantity of the linguistic form creating an utterance and which appear in context. They supplement an open list of meanings of the quantitative iconicity category that have been previously defined by researchers.
Chemical Composition Refining of Bioactive Glass for Better Processing Features, Part I
Authors: Hmood Firas , Goerke Oliver , Schmidt Franziska
Published: November 2018

Bioactive glass is an emerging research area for many scientists around the world. A large processing window combined with high bioactivity are anticipated features for such kind of glass. In fact, both features depend upon the glass network connectivity (NC). A good bioactive glass has a network that ensures a balance between the processing properties and the bioactivity. This study aims at developing a new chemical composition based on that of ICIE16 bioactive glass. Therefore, new compositions were investigated by introducing boron oxide and magnesium oxide with different molar ratios ranging from 1 to 3 mol% each to the composition of ICIE16; In addition,Na2O was partially replaced by P2O5. Melt-quenching technique was followed to prepare the bioactive glass. So far, the results have shown that the processing window increases with the proposed modifications. BP3 and BM2 bioactive glasses show the maximum processing window of a round 250 K. The relationship between the chemical composition and the processing window as well as the corresponding bioactivity will be hereafter discussed.
Thalassodendron ciliatum (Cymodoceaceae) in Palau: occurrence, typhoon impacts and changes over time
Authors: Colin Patrick L.
Published: November 2018

The seagrass Thalassodendron ciliatum (Cymodoceaceae) is uncommon in Palau, Micronesia, but remnant beds occur in an area of less than 1 km2 on the northern tip of Velasco Reef, a sunken atoll, plus small areas on its western rim. The ridges are lengthy, consisting of rhizome mat and seagrass up to 1 m high, and 4–8 m wide forming curving elongate shapes (arcs, concentric curves, circles, patches). Most occur on a gently sloping limestone bottom 22–27 m deep, with some as shallow as 15 m on the Western Rim, and ridges sit directly on top of the limestone pavement, with only the weight of mat and its incorporated rock materials holding them in place. Photographic monitoring over time has indicated they are actively eroding on their edges, but the passage of Super Typhoon Haiyan in 2013 caused much greater damage to the beds. Small patches occur in shallow water on the east side of Babeldaob Island slightly behind the fringing reef crest and have not changed significantly over recent decades.