bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental-Friendly Contamination Assessment of Habitats Based on the Trace Element Content of Dragonfly Exuviae
Authors: Simon Edina , Tóthmérész Béla , Kis Olga , Jakab Tibor , Éva Szalay Petra , Vincze András , Baranyai Edina , Harangi Sándor , Miskolczi Margit , Dévai György
Published: October 2019

We tested the usefulness of exuviae as an environmentally friendly method for exploring the variability of the trace element contents of protected insect populations without killing specimens. It is a notable characteristic of dragonflies that they are good ecological indicators for both aquatic and terrestrial habitat quality. Thus, we investigated the trace element accumulation in different stages of dragonflies: larva, exuvia, and adult. Using microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry (MP-AES), we analysed the concentrations of Al, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Sr and Zn. We found that the trace element contents of exuviae are a good proxy of the trace element contents of both the larvae and the adults. We conclude that exuvia is useful for assessing the environmental health of aquatic ecosystems. It is an environmentally friendly method and it can be used even in the case of protected dragonfly species.
Identification of Hydrological Models for Enhanced Ensemble Reservoir Inflow Forecasting in a Large Complex Prairie Watershed
Authors: Awol Frezer Seid , Coulibaly Paulin , Tsanis Ioannis , Unduche Fisaha
Published: October 2019

Accurate and reliable flow forecasting in complex Canadian prairie watersheds has been one of the major challenges faced by hydrologists. In an attempt to improve the accuracy and reliability of a reservoir inflow forecast, this study investigates structurally different hydrological models along with ensemble precipitation forecasts to identify the most skillful and reliable model. The key goal is to assess whether short- and medium-range ensemble flood forecasting in large complex basins can be accurately achieved by simple conceptual lumped models (e.g., SACSMA with SNOW17 and MACHBV with SNOW17) or it requires a medium level distributed model (e.g., WATFLOOD) or an advanced macroscale land-surface based model (VIC coupled with routing module (RVIC)). Eleven (11)-member precipitation forecasts from second-generation Global Ensemble Forecast System reforecast (GEFSv2) were used as inputs. Each of the ensemble members was bias-corrected by Empirical Quantile Mapping method using the Canadian Precipitation Analysis (CaPA) as a training/verification dataset. Forecast evaluation is performed for 1-day up to 8-days forecast lead times in a 6-month hindcast period. Results indicate that bias-correcting precipitation forecasts using verifying datasets (such as CaPA) for a training period of at least two years before the forecast time, produces skillful ensemble hydrological forecasts. A comparison of models in forecast mode shows that the two lumped models (SACSMA and MACHBV) can provide better overall forecast performance than the benchmark WATFLOOD and the macroscale Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model. However, for shorter lead-times, particularly up to day 3, the benchmark distributed model provides competitive reliability, as compared to the lumped models. In general, the SACSMA model provided better forecast quality, reliability and differentiation skill than other considered models at all lead times.
The Use of Stable Isotope-Based Water Age to Evaluate a Hydrodynamic Model
Authors: Gross Edward , Andrews Stephen , Bergamaschi Brian , Downing Bryan , Holleman Rusty , Burdick Scott , Durand John
Published: October 2019

Transport time scales are common metrics of the strength of transport processes. Water age is the time elapsed since water from a specific source has entered a study area. An observational method to estimate water age relies on the progressive concentration of the heavier isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water that occurs during evaporation. The isotopic composition is used to derive the fraction of water evaporated, and then translated into a transport time scale by applying assumptions of representative water depth and evaporation rate. Water age can also be estimated by a hydrodynamic model using tracer transport equations. Water age calculated by each approach is compared in the Cache Slough Complex, located in the northern San Francisco Estuary, during summer conditions in which this region receives minimal direct freshwater inflow. The model’s representation of tidal dispersion of Sacramento River water into this backwater region is evaluated. In order to compare directly to isotopic estimates of the fraction of water evaporated (“fractional evaporation”) in addition to age, a hydrodynamic model-based property tracking approach analogous to the water age estimation approach is proposed. The age and fractional evaporation model results are analyzed to evaluate assumptions applied in the field-based age estimates. The generally good correspondence between the water age results from both approaches provides confidence in applying the modeling approach to predict age through broader spatial and temporal scales than are practical to assess using the field method, and discrepancies between the two methods suggest aspects of both approaches that may be improved. Model skill in predicting water age is compared to skill in predicting salinity. Compared to water age, salinity observations are shown to be a less useful diagnostic of transport in this low salinity region in which salt inputs are poorly constrained.
Solute Transport and Transformation in an Intermittent, Headwater Mountain Stream with Diurnal Discharge Fluctuations
Authors: Ward Adam S. , Kurz Marie J. , Schmadel Noah M. , Knapp Julia L.A. , Blaen Phillip J. , Harman Ciaran J. , Drummond Jennifer D. , Hannah David M. , Krause Stefan , Li Angang , Marti Eugenia , Milner Alexander , Miller Melinda , Neil Kerry , Plont Stephen , Packman Aaron I. , Wisnoski Nathan I. , Wondzell Steven M. , Zarnetske Jay P.
Published: October 2019

Time-variable discharge is known to control both transport and transformation of solutes in the river corridor. Still, few studies consider the interactions of transport and transformation together. Here, we consider how diurnal discharge fluctuations in an intermittent, headwater stream control reach-scale solute transport and transformation as measured with conservative and reactive tracers during a period of no precipitation. One common conceptual model is that extended contact times with hyporheic zones during low discharge conditions allows for increased transformation of reactive solutes. Instead, we found tracer timescales within the reach were related to discharge, described by a single discharge-variable StorAge Selection function. We found that Resazurin to Resorufin (Raz-to-Rru) transformation is static in time, and apparent differences in reactive tracer were due to interactions with different ages of storage, not with time-variable reactivity. Overall we found reactivity was highest in youngest storage locations, with minimal Raz-to-Rru conversion in waters older than about 20 h of storage in our study reach. Therefore, not all storage in the study reach has the same potential biogeochemical function and increasing residence time of solute storage does not necessarily increase reaction potential of that solute, contrary to prevailing expectations.
Efficient Water Quality Prediction Using Supervised Machine Learning
Authors: Ahmed Umair , Mumtaz Rafia , Anwar Hirra , Shah Asad A. , Irfan Rabia , García-Nieto José
Published: October 2019

Water makes up about 70% of the earth’s surface and is one of the most important sources vital to sustaining life. Rapid urbanization and industrialization have led to a deterioration of water quality at an alarming rate, resulting in harrowing diseases. Water quality has been conventionally estimated through expensive and time-consuming lab and statistical analyses, which render the contemporary notion of real-time monitoring moot. The alarming consequences of poor water quality necessitate an alternative method, which is quicker and inexpensive. With this motivation, this research explores a series of supervised machine learning algorithms to estimate the water quality index (WQI), which is a singular index to describe the general quality of water, and the water quality class (WQC), which is a distinctive class defined on the basis of the WQI. The proposed methodology employs four input parameters, namely, temperature, turbidity, pH and total dissolved solids. Of all the employed algorithms, gradient boosting, with a learning rate of 0.1 and polynomial regression, with a degree of 2, predict the WQI most efficiently, having a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.9642 and 2.7273, respectively. Whereas multi-layer perceptron (MLP), with a configuration of (3, 7), classifies the WQC most efficiently, with an accuracy of 0.8507. The proposed methodology achieves reasonable accuracy using a minimal number of parameters to validate the possibility of its use in real time water quality detection systems.
Subirrigation of Container-Grown Tomato II: Physical and Chemical Properties of the Growing Medium
Authors: García-Santiago Juana Cruz , Valdez-Aguilar Luis Alonso , Cartmill Donita L. , Cartmill Andrew D. , Juárez-López Porfirio , Alvarado-Camarillo Daniela
Published: October 2019

Subirrigation of containerized vegetable crops is a promising strategy to increase water and nutrient use efficiency, however, the longer growing seasons for cultivation of vegetable species may cause marked changes in the physical and chemical substrate properties. This study determined the effects of the irrigation system, subirrigation vs. drip-irrigation, and the concentration of the nutrient solution on the substrate physical and chemical properties in containerized tomato plants. Plants were irrigated with solutions at concentrations of −0.072, −0.058 and −0.043 MPa. Root dry weight of subirrigated plants was decreased by 35% in the substrate top layer when the highest concentration was used. Substrate electrical conductivity increased while pH was acidified as solution concentration increased and from the bottom to the top substrate layers in subirrigated plants. Salts buildup was associated with increased concentration of oxalic and tartaric acids and pH acidification. The improved substrate physical and chemical properties in subirrigated plants were associated with higher fruit yield (11.0 kg per plant) provided nutrient solution concentration was reduced to −0.043 MPa; in contrast, the highest yield in drip-irrigated plants (10.1 kg per plant) was obtained when the solution concentration was −0.072 MPa. In conclusion, subirrigation with reuse of the nutrient solution is a promising strategy to reduce water waste through runoff and leaching as water use efficiency increases due to greater water retention properties in the substrate, the maintenance of an EC within a range the plants can tolerate, and a lower acidification of substrate pH.
Validation of Cryogenic Vacuum Extraction of Pore Water from Volcanic Soils for Isotopic Analysis
Authors: Rivera Diego , Gutierrez Karen , Valdivia-Cea Walter , Zambrano-Bigiarini Mauricio , Godoy-Faúndez Alex , Álvez Amaya , Farías Laura
Published: October 2019

Andean headwater catchments are key components of the hydrological cycle, given that they capture moisture, store water and release it for Chilean cities, industry, agriculture, and cities in Chile. However, knowledge about within-Andean catchment processes is far from clear. Most soils in the Andes derive from volcanic ash Andosols and Arenosols presenting high organic matter, high-water retention capacity and fine pores; and are very dry during summer. Despite their importance, there is little research on the hillslope hydrology of Andosols. Environmental isotopes such as Deuterium and 18-O are direct tracers for water and useful on analyzing water-soil interactions. This work explores, for the first time, the efficiency of cryogenic vacuum extraction to remove water from two contrasting soil types (Arenosols, Andosols) at five soil water retention energies (from −1500 to −33 kPa). Two experiments were carried out to analyse the impact of extraction time, and initial water content on the amount of extracted water, while a third experiment tested whether the cryogenic vacuum extraction changed the isotopic ratios after extraction. Minimum extraction times to recover over 90% of water initially in the soil samples were 40–50 min and varied with soil texture. Minimum volume for very dry soils were 0.2 mL (loamy sand) and 1 mL (loam). After extraction, the difference between the isotope standard and the isotopic values after extraction was acceptable. Thus, we recommend this procedure for soils derived from volcanic ashes.
Comparison of Meteorological- and Agriculture-Related Drought Indicators across Ethiopia
Authors: Teweldebirhan Tsige Dawit , Uddameri Venkatesh , Forghanparast Farhang. , Hernandez Elma Annette. , Ekwaro-Osire Stephen.
Published: October 2019

Meteorological drought indicators are commonly used for agricultural drought contingency planning in Ethiopia. Agricultural droughts arise due to soil moisture deficits. While these deficits may be caused by meteorological droughts, the timing and duration of agricultural droughts need not coincide with the onset of meteorological droughts due to soil moisture buffering. Similarly, agricultural droughts can persist, even after the cessation of meteorological droughts, due to delayed hydrologic processes. Understanding the relationship between meteorological and agricultural droughts is therefore crucial. An evaluation framework was developed to compare meteorological- and agriculture-related drought indicators using a suite of exploratory and confirmatory tools. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) was used to understand the covariation of meteorological and agricultural droughts. Comparisons were carried out between SPI-2, SPEI-2, and Palmer Z-index to assess intraseasonal droughts, and between SPI-6, SPEI-6, and PDSI for full-season evaluations. SPI was seen to correlate well with selected agriculture-related drought indicators, but did not explain all the variability noted in them. The correlation between meteorological and agricultural droughts exhibited spatial variability which varied across indicators. SPI is better suited to predict non-agricultural drought states than agricultural drought states. Differences between agricultural and meteorological droughts must be accounted for in order to devise better drought-preparedness planning.
Future Changes in Precipitation and Drought Characteristics over Bangladesh under CMIP5 Climatological Projections
Authors: Kamruzzaman Mohammad , Jang Min-Won , Cho Jaepil , Hwang Syewoon
Published: October 2019

The impacts of climate change on precipitation and drought characteristics over Bangladesh were examined by using the daily precipitation outputs from 29 bias-corrected general circulation models (GCMs) under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. A precipitation-based drought estimator, namely, the Effective Drought Index (EDI), was applied to quantify the characteristics of drought events in terms of the severity and duration. The changes in drought characteristics were assessed for the beginning (2010–2039), middle (2040–2069), and end of this century (2070–2099) relative to the 1976–2005 baseline. The GCMs were limited in regard to forecasting the occurrence of future extreme droughts. Overall, the findings showed that the annual precipitation will increase in the 21st century over Bangladesh; the increasing rate was comparatively higher under the RCP8.5 scenario. The highest increase in rainfall is expected to happen over the drought-prone northern region. The general trends of drought frequency, duration, and intensity are likely to decrease in the 21st century over Bangladesh under both RCP scenarios, except for the maximum drought intensity during the beginning of the century, which is projected to increase over the country. The extreme and medium-term drought events did not show any significant changes in the future under both scenarios except for the medium-term droughts, which decreased by 55% compared to the base period during the 2070s under RCP8.5. However, extreme drought days will likely increase in most of the cropping seasons for the different future periods under both scenarios. The spatial distribution of changes in drought characteristics indicates that the drought-vulnerable areas are expected to shift from the northwestern region to the central and the southern region in the future under both scenarios due to the effects of climate change.
Method for Estimating Sediment Mass Movement from Delta Recutting: A Case Study Using Single Beam Sonar in Deer Creek Reservoir
Authors: Williams Gustavious Paul , Walton Ashley Childers
Published: October 2019

The recutting of delta sediments typically occurs during reservoir drawdown in the summer months. It can affect various reservoir processes and can impact water quality because of resuspending nutrients during warm periods supports phytoplankton growth. Quantifying this sediment movement is a key element for evaluating the life and quality of a reservoir. This study targets reservoirs in the intermountain region of the U.S. These reservoirs are filled in the spring, then drawdown through the summer to provide irrigation water. Incoming sediment loads are generally restricted to spring high flows, with little new sediment entering the reservoirs during the remainder of the year. As the reservoirs undergo drawdown, the sediment deposited in the delta region during spring flows is re-cut from the exposed delta and moved into submerged delta region. The majority of flow and sediment movement both above and below the water surface occurs in channels cut into the sediments during spring deposition. During recutting, channels in the exposed sediments often move, but the submerged channels are more stationary. Traditional single-beam sonar surveys are performed on a grid and changes are used to quantify sediment movements. This approach is not applicable to delta recutting as the grid resolution is not sufficient to resolve the relevant changes that occur in the narrow excised flow channels. This study explores the ability to quantify and monitor sediment mass movement in Deer Creek Reservoir (DCR) using a single beam sonar. Our method uses surveyed cross-sections across the flow channels. It is difficult to position boat passes exactly on previous survey lines, and small location differences in an up-stream or down-stream location can be significant because of the slope of the channel. To address this, we surveyed each line in two directions, then interpolated both the position and elevation data. We performed periodic surveys over a two-month period. We were able to document and quantify both sediment deposition and erosion areas. As expected, sediment movement was from the inlet areas toward the reservoir. The data showed both deposition and erosion depending on the distance from the reservoir head, which changed over the survey period. This method can be used to quantify sediment recutting and resuspension that can affect nutrient loads during critical warm, low-reservoir conditions, but is difficult to implement accurately.
Impact of the October 2018 Storm Vaia on Coastal Boulders in the Northern Adriatic Sea
Authors: Biolchi Sara , Denamiel Cléa , Devoto Stefano , Korbar Tvrtko , Macovaz Vanja , Scicchitano Giovanni , Vilibić Ivica , Furlani Stefano
Published: October 2019

Boulder detachment from the seafloor and subsequent transport and accumulation along rocky coasts is a complex geomorphological process that requires a deep understanding of submarine and onshore environments. This process is especially interesting in semi-enclosed shallow basins characterized by extreme storms, but without a significant tsunami record. Moreover, the response of boulder deposits located close to the coast to severe storms remains, in terms of accurate displacement measurement, limited due to the need to acquire long-term data such as ongoing monitoring datasets and repeated field surveys. We present a multidisciplinary study that includes inland and submarine surveys carried out to monitor and accurately quantify the recent displacement of coastal boulders accumulated on the southernmost coast of the Premantura (Kamenjak) Promontory (Croatia, northern Adriatic Sea). We identified recent boulder movements using unmanned aerial vehicle digital photogrammetry (UAV-DP). Fourteen boulders were moved by the waves generated by a severe storm, named Vaia, which occurred on 29 October 2018. This storm struck Northeast Italy and the Istrian coasts with its full force. We have reproduced the storm-generated waves using unstructured wave model Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN), with a significant wave height of 6.2 m in front of the boulder deposit area. These simulated waves are considered to have a return period of 20 to 30 years. In addition to the aerial survey, an underwater photogrammetric survey was carried out in order to create a three-dimensional (3D) model of the seabed and identify the submarine landforms associated with boulder detachment. The survey highlighted that most of the holes can be considered potholes, while only one detachment shape was identified. The latter is not related to storm Vaia, but to a previous storm. Two boulders are lying on the seabed and the underwater surveys highlighted that these boulders may be beached during future storms. Thus, this is an interesting example of active erosion of the rocky coast in a geologically, geomorphologically, and oceanologically predisposed locality.
Is the Hyporheic Zone Relevant beyond the Scientific Community?
Authors: Lewandowski Jörg , Arnon Shai , Banks Eddie , Batelaan Okke , Betterle Andrea , Broecker Tabea , Coll Claudia , Drummond Jennifer , Gaona Garcia Jaime , Galloway Jason , Gomez-Velez Jesus , Grabowski Robert , Herzog Skuyler , Hinkelmann Reinhard , Höhne Anja , Hollender Juliane , Horn Marcus , Jaeger Anna , Krause Stefan , Löchner Prats Adrian , Magliozzi Chiara , Meinikmann Karin , Mojarrad Brian , Mueller Birgit , Peralta-Maraver Ignacio , Popp Andrea , Posselt Malte , Putschew Anke , Radke Michael , Raza Muhammad , Riml Joakim , Robertson Anne , Rutere Cyrus , Schaper Jonas , Schirmer Mario , Schulz Hanna , Shanafield Margaret , Singh Tanu , Ward Adam , Wolke Philipp , Wörman Anders , Wu Liwen
Published: October 2019

Rivers are important ecosystems under continuous anthropogenic stresses. The hyporheic zone is a ubiquitous, reactive interface between the main channel and its surrounding sediments along the river network. We elaborate on the main physical, biological, and biogeochemical drivers and processes within the hyporheic zone that have been studied by multiple scientific disciplines for almost half a century. These previous efforts have shown that the hyporheic zone is a modulator for most metabolic stream processes and serves as a refuge and habitat for a diverse range of aquatic organisms. It also exerts a major control on river water quality by increasing the contact time with reactive environments, which in turn results in retention and transformation of nutrients, trace organic compounds, fine suspended particles, and microplastics, among others. The paper showcases the critical importance of hyporheic zones, both from a scientific and an applied perspective, and their role in ecosystem services to answer the question of the manuscript title. It identifies major research gaps in our understanding of hyporheic processes. In conclusion, we highlight the potential of hyporheic restoration to efficiently manage and reactivate ecosystem functions and services in river corridors.
Water Quality Assessment of a Meromictic Lake Based on Physicochemical Parameters and Strontium Isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) Analysis: A Case Study of Lubińskie Lake (Western Poland)
Authors: Zieliński Mateusz , Szczucińska Anna , Drożdżyński Mateusz , Frankowski Marcin , Pukacz Andrzej
Published: October 2019

In 2017, hydrochemical surveys of meromictic Lubińskie Lake (W Poland) and its water inflows were carried out. The lake experienced complete mixing in 2008 due to a series of orkan winds, and since 2015, intensifying worsening of water quality in the lake has been observed. Our aim was to determine the degree of transformation of Lubińskie Lake based on water chemistry and to identify the source of pollution of the lake using strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) as a new chemical tracking tool. The physicochemical analysis confirmed the meromictic character of the lake. The comparison with previous studies (2003 and 2008) showed significant year-to-year differentiation, indicating intensifying eutrophication of the lake’s water, both in the epilimnion and the hypolimnion. Nine spring niches, directly supplying the lake, provide water with very high phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations (up to 10 kg of nitrogen and 0.9 kg of phosphorus daily). The strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) analysis indicated that the lake’s water was supplied mostly by the springs, and recharge from deep aquifers is of secondary importance. Moreover, strontium isotope data and the relationship between Sr and Cl content support the finding that the high load of nutrients is of anthropogenic origin and reaches the lake through springs.
Laboratory Experiments of Drainage, Imbibition and Infiltration under Artificial Rainfall Characterized by Image Analysis Method and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Belfort Benjamin , Weill Sylvain , Fahs Marwan , Lehmann François
Published: October 2019

Two laboratory experiments consisting of drainage/imbibition and rainfall were carried out to study flow in variably saturated porous media and to test the ability of a new measurement method. 2D maps of water content are obtained through a non-invasive image analysis method based on photographs. This method requires classical image analysis steps, i.e., normalization, filtering, background subtraction, scaling and calibration. The procedure was applied and validated for a large experimental tank of internal dimensions 180 cm long, 120 cm wide and 4 cm deep that had been homogenously packed with monodisperse quartz sand. The calibration curve relating water content and reflected light intensities was established during the main monitoring phase of each experiment, making this procedure very advantageous. Direct measurements carried out during the water flow experiments correspond to water content, pressure head, temperature, and cumulative outflow. Additionally, a great advantage of the proposed method is that it does not require any tracer or dye to be injected into the flow tank. The accuracy and other benefits of our approach were also assessed using numerical simulations with state-of-the-art computational code that solves Richards’ equation.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penerimaan Siswa Baru di SMK Negeri 1 Tapung Hulu Menggunakan Metode Simple Multi Attribut Rating Technique (SMART)
Authors: Irawan Yuda , Wahyuni Refni
Published: October 2019

Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) Negeri 1 Tapung Hulu adalah instansi pendidikan di bawah naungan Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Kampar dan merupakan satu-satunya SMK Negeri yang ada di Kecamatan Tapung Hulu. Kegiatan penerimaan siswa baru di SMK Negeri 1 Tapung Hulu masih menggunakan sistem manual yaitu peserta mengisi formulir pendaftaran pada form yang telah disediakan oleh pihak sekolah, kemudian data-data peserta tersebut diolah kembali oleh panitia menggunakan microsoft excel. Penggunaan microsoft excel sebagai aplikasi yang digunakan untuk proses seleksi cukup efektif dikarenakan proses seleksi hanya berpedoman pada satu kriteria yaitu nilai Ujian Nasional (UN) dan proses ini membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama. Agar proses seleksi lebih efektif panitia pemilihan siswa baru akan melibatkan beberapa kriteria yang digunakan sebagai pedoman untuk proses seleksi calon siswa baru, diantaranya nilai Ujian Nasional (UN), nilai Ujian Akhir Sekolah (UAS), serta nilai Tes Akademik sehingga dalam proses penyelesaiannya diperlukan sebuah sistem pendukung keputusan untuk multikriteria. Metode Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique atau yang biasa disingkat SMART merupakan metode dalam pengambilan keputusan multi atribut. Teknik pengambilan keputusan multi atribut ini digunakan untuk mendukung pembuat keputusan dalam memilih beberapa alternatif. Setiap pembuat keputusan harus memiliki sebuah alternatif yang sesuai dengan tujuan yang dirumuskan. Sistem pendukung keputusan yang dibangun sangat membantu untuk mempercepat pengolahan data dalam pengambilan keputusan untuk menentukan calon siswa baru yang layak dan tidak layak untuk diterima. Sistem pendukung keputusan menggunakan metode SMART yang dibangun sangat membantu untuk mempercepat pengolahan data dalam pengambilan keputusan untuk menentukan calon siswa baru yang layak dan tidak layak untuk diterima.
La percepción del mundo de los otros: entre la memoria popular y la historiografía en el sur peruano.
Authors: Zapata-Delgado Felipe Mario
Published: October 2019

La construcción de la historia y la memoria; lo que escriben los autores y lo que en esencia existe. La historia legitíma al loncco como prototipo del gañan arequipeño. El pasacalle entrada de ccapo es tenida como histórica. Arequipa ciudad blanca, debido al blanqueamiento de una parte de la población colonial, y la arquitectura caravista, entonces Arequipa es percibida como ciudad blanca. El método es histórico y etnográfico: los censos, memorias de viajeros, juicio de limpieza de sangre, registros de fiestas, la literatura e historiografía arequipeña que exalta esos valores. La memoria y la historia se confrontan; y queda en entredicho la historiografía que inventan y redefine la vida que existió de una forma y se le da otra: El loncco, se convierte en un ser “superlativo y auténtico” de la campiña; realmente no existió, lo que hubo fue el chacarero excluido y marginal. Gobiernos locales que impulsan la creación de tradiciones, “auténticas” su producto es el pasacalle entrada de ccapo como homenaje a la fiesta cívica de Arequipa. La ciudad blanca, tiene dos razones para serlo su arquitectura de sillar caravista e históricamente la población Arequipeña en su mayoría fue blanca; ambas premisas son discutibles.
Análisis comparativo de la capacidad degradante de hidrocarburos por aislados bacterianos y un consorcio mixto de microorganismos acidófilos obtenidos a partir de suelo contaminado con diesel
Authors: Hermoza Gutiérrez Marián Alicia , Almirón Baca Jonathan Joseph , Medina Carpio Oscar Christian , Manrique Pino Pamela
Published: October 2019

Los derrames accidentales de hidrocarburos derivados de petróleo representan un problema ambiental global. La biorremediación natural es la única solución respetuosa con el medioambiente, mediante comunidades microbianas que cooperan metabólicamente provocando el desarrollo de mecanismos de adaptación para el intercambio de sustratos y productos metabólicos entre sí. En esta investigación, se realizó la caracterización fisicoquímica del suelo de origen de los microorganismos, determinando una concentración de 68597,84 ppm de hidrocarburos presentes. Luego, se llevó a cabo la obtención y cuantificación del consorcio mixto de la que se obtuvo una carga de microorganismos viables de 57 x 104 UFC/g de suelo y se logró el aislamiento de dos cepas pertenecientes a los grupos de Microccocales y Proteobacterias que crecieron en medio enriquecido con glucosa y diésel como sustratos. Seguidamente, se evaluaron los parámetros indicadores de actividad degradante: concentración microbiana, concentración de hidrocarburos, concentración de glucosa y pH en reactores provistos con medio mineral líquido enriquecido que inicialmente estuvo a pH 5, con el fin de conocer cuáles son las características del desarrollo microbiano en condiciones adversas con respecto al tiempo. Las cepas aisladas lograron porcentajes de degradación de 51.27% y 32.84%, mientras que el consorcio nativo mixto degradó el 48.78% del diésel presente en el medio.
Determinación de proteínas para la obtención de un material adhesivo a diferentes tiempos y temperaturas, a partir de la viruta de wet blue del proceso del curtido de pieles mediante hidrolisis alcalina
Authors: Valdez-Urbina Miguel , González-Gutiérrez Liz , Pariguana-Begazo Manuel , Lopez Guerra Roberto , Dueñas-Gonza Alex
Published: October 2019

El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue investigar la producción de un material adhesivo a partir de la viruta de wet blue producida a partir del proceso del curtido de pieles. La viruta seca de wet blue en una cantidad de 25 gr fue sometida a hidrólisis alcalina con 0.3N, 0.4N y 0.5N de NaOH, la hidrólisis se realizó a las temperaturas de 50°c, 60°C y 70°C, se consideró 3 horas y 4 horas para detener la hidrólisis de la viruta, mediante la neutralización con H2SO4 hasta llegar a un rango de pH entre 7 y 8. En la caracterización de la viruta de wet blue se presentó 45.84% de proteína siendo en su mayoría colágeno y 23.21 mg/kg de cromo con un 50.42% de contenido de humedad. La mayor concentración de proteínas obtenida a partir del proceso de hidrólisis fue a las condiciones de 60°C de temperatura, 0.4N de NaOH y 4 horas para la neutralización, con un promedio de 9.32 mg/mL de proteína, presentando diferencias altamente significativas (p<0.01) con los demás tratamientos. La concentración de proteínas obtenida a partir de las condiciones de hidrólisis óptima, indicarían ser un material adhesivo que podría ser utilizado en diferentes aplicaciones, pues la concentración de colágeno en pieles es mayor del 30% y en viruta supera el 39 % de la composición.
Estudio del efecto antiinflamatorio de un gel elaborado a partir de Minthostachys mollis (muña), en modelo de edema de pata, Arequipa – 2019.
Authors: Mayorga Ruiz, Lily Jesús , Cano de Terrones Eresa
Published: October 2019

La investigación se desarrolló, para verificar la actividad antiinflamatorio Minthostachys mollis (muña). Y se elaboró un gel a partir de esta planta medicinal. En el inicio de la investigación, se realizó la recolección de Minthostachys mollis, para la identificación taxonómica, luego a la planta se le sometió a los procesos de lavado, secado, selección y molienda, para posteriormente realizar la obtención del aceite esencial total, del cual se realizó la investigación por análisis fitoquímico. Al verificar su eficacia en la actividad antiinflamatoria se formuló la elaboración de un gel a fin de ser utilizado el aceite esencial de Minthostachys mollis (muña), como principio activo, posteriormente se realizaron los controles de calidad; en procesos y en producto terminado. Al término de la investigación se presenta el gel en su formulación efectiva, el cual cumple con los parámetros de calidad y buenas prácticas de manufactura y que puede ser usada como una nueva alternativa terapéutica válida, para los problemas inflamatorios. La especie fue recolectada del departamento de Puno.
Determinación del efecto del estrés inducido por la influencia de un depredador (Felis silvestris, sub especie catus – gato doméstico) sobre el tejido cardiaco, cerebro y células del sistema inmun
Authors: Cusirramos Chahua Jackeline Zaida , Diaz-Murillo Henry
Published: October 2019

Se evaluó los efectos del estrés sobre los niveles de TGO (Transaminasa Glutámico Oxalacética), formula leucocitaria y cambios histológico en cerebro y corazón de Rattus novergicus variedad Sprague Dawley. La evaluación experimental se realizó en el Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal del Departamento Académico de Biología de la U.N.S.A.-Arequipa, durante los meses de Noviembre 2015 a Enero del 2016. Se utilizaron 24 Rattus novergicus variedad Sprague Dawley asignados en cuatro grupos: T1 (grupo control, alejadas de cualquier estimulo que les perturbe), T2 (presencia de depredadores por 20 min./día/ciclo diurno), T3 (presencia de depredadores por 20 min./día/ciclo noche), T4 (presencia de depredadores por 20 min./cada 7 días/ciclo diurno), durante 4 semanas. Se demostró que el estrés provoca un incremento estadísticamente significativo en los niveles de TGO en sangre de las ratas, con respecto a los niveles basales, pero no existe una diferencia significativa entre los tratamientos. Se demostró que el estrés afecta las cantidades basales de la formula leucocitaria, encontrando un aumento estadísticamente significativo en la cantidad de Monocitos circulantes, un aumento en promedios (aunque no estadísticamente significativo) de Eosinófilos circulantes, una disminución en promedios (aunque no estadísticamente significativo) de Linfocitos, una disminución estadísticamente significativa de la cantidad de Neutrófilos Bandeados; todos estos niveles en promedios con valores limites en el T3. La cantidad de Basófilos permaneció indiferente al efecto del estrés. La cantidad de Neutrófilos Segmentados evidenciaron una disminución en promedios (aunque no estadísticamente significativo) en el T4. Se demostró que el estrés provoca daño en los tejidos nervioso (edema y congestión vascular) y cardiaco (congestión vascular). Siendo más severa la inflamación cerebral en el T3 y T4, mientras que el daño en el tejido cardiaco fue similar en los tratamientos T2, T3 y T4.
Análisis crítico del discurso como metodología de comprensión de las ideologías
Authors: Núñez Javier
Published: October 2019

The objective was to evaluate the impact of teaching critical discourse analysis as a methodology for understanding ideologies on students of Sociology at the Universidad Nacional del Altiplano Puno, 2018. This topic is framed within the framework of critical literacy, which refers to the development of competence to read adequately the ideologies of discourses. Groups "A" (control group) and "B" (experimental group) of the second semester formed the study population. To collect the data the rubric was used. The research objective was achieved through the use of the statistical technique Difference in differences. The results suggest that the students of the experimental group improved the level of understanding of ideologies by an average of 5 points as opposed to the students of the control group. This is statistically significant at a level of 99% confidence. Therefore, it is concluded that teaching critical discourse analysis and critical literacy has a positive impact on the understanding of ideologies.
Development of Basic Analysis of Prose Coursebook Containing Critical Theories at a State University in Karawang
Authors: Krishnapatria Kriswanda
Published: October 2019

This research is motivated by the need of textbook used in the process of literature lecturing, especially prose. Critical theories discourse contained in literary work can be an interesting issue when textbooks used in Higher Education have not provided a mandate and a good and strong model to imitate. Given the importance of the role of textbooks in the process of knowledge transfer other than lecturers, it is necessary to develop literary coursebooks that subtly contain critical theories in order to produce better quality resources in changing attitudes and actions of readers.This research used a simplified Research and Development method that only covered three main stages: (1) preliminary study, (2) product formulation and development, and (3) product validation and dissemination. In addition, this study focused on coursebooks containing critical theories for English Education students of 6th Semester on Basic Analysis of Prose course at State University of Singaperbangsa Karawang.The coursebook as the development product for Basic Analysis of Prose in English Language Education Program at State University of Singaperbangsa Karawang has a total average analysis of validation results and small group testing above 80%, so it can be categorized as valid and feasible.
MODAL SOSIAL DALAM USAHA CAPTIKUS DI DESA RANOLAMBOT KECAMATAN KAWANGKOAN BARAT
Authors: Lomboan Martini Frinli , Memah Melsje Yellie , Ngangi Charles Reijnaldo
Published: October 2019

This study aims to examine the social capital of the network, beliefs and social norms in captikus industries in Ranolambot Village, Kawangkoan Barat District, Minahasa Regency. This study uses primary data obtained through interviews using a questionnaire to 30 farmers who were chosen purposively. Secondary data was taken from the Village Office and other sources from the internet through Google searching to obtain books, articles and theses that discuss social capital in the agricultural processing industry. Data analysis using Likert scale and analyzed descriptively. The results of the study show that: (1) Social networks are in the Fairly Good category because networks with people outside the village are still lacking because when capturers and farmers in Ranolambot Village sell captics outside the village as well as outside companies, they must use intermediaries so that captikus will be sold. (2) Trust is in the Fairly Good category because Trust between the host and the captikus farmer must be further enhanced by mutual trust because when there are farmers who first take the money to the captikus the money should be replaced with the captikus but there are other farmers who do not return that money because it has moved to another colector trader. (3) Social norms are in the category of Good because the colector and the capticus farmer abide by all the rules that apply both fellow farmers and the colector with the government in the village, for example in the case of a captikus permits, before the capticus colector makes an effort to become their host used to make a license to collect capticus. *eprm*
Enhancement of Data Security using Circular Queue Based Encryption Algorithm
Authors:   B. Tech, Department of computer science and technologies (CSE), saveetha school of engineering, Chennai, India., Harini* K. , Pravallika N. ,   B. Tech, Department of computer science and technologies (CSE), saveetha school of engineering, Chennai , India., Rekha.K Sashi ,   Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India.
Published: October 2019

Data security is a progressing provocation for designers and Hackers. To battle different attacks by hackers, there is a need for increasingly solid security advancements. In this proposed system, a low complexity circular queue data structure security algorithm can be created. Numerous complicating variable components are used to enhance the quality of this algorithm and make recuperation of original message for hackers, becomes progressively troublesome. These tunable components are the size of the circular queue, the start of the picked keyword letter and the various portrayals of a number are in the Fibonacci manner. All letters ought to be changed over into ASCII binary configuration so as to be utilized by security algorithm in the sensible and shift operations. The outcomes demonstrate that our proposed security algorithm has half low complexity than analyzed multiple circular queues algorithm (MCQA). Fibonacci manner and variable number of difficult factors in this algorithm give adaptability in changing the security of the algorithm as per the conditions. Circular queue is an data structure can be utilized in the data security to make figured message progressively hard to disentangle. For example, a calculation that utilizes the moving and supplanting tasks of bi-section bi-push for round line to expand security. An irregular number was utilized in this algorithm to control the moving between the line and section, in the end this lead to expand the unpredictability of plaintext decrypting.
Strong T-Coloring of Graphs
Authors:   Research scholar, Department of Mathematics, St.Joseph’s college (Autonomous) affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy., Roselin* S. Jai , Raj L. Benedict Michael ,   Associate Professor, St.Joseph’s college (Autonomous) affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy., Germina K.A. ,   Associate Professor, Central University of Kerala, India.
Published: October 2019

A -coloring of a graph is the generalized coloring of a graph. Given a graph and a finite set T of positive integers containing , a -coloring of is a function for all in such that if then We define Strong -coloring (S -coloring , in short), as a generalization of -coloring as follows. Given a graph and a finite set of positive integers containing , a S -coloring of is a function for all in such that if then and for any two distinct edges in . The S -Chromatic number of is the minimum number of colors needed for a S -coloring of and it is denoted by For a S coloring of a graph we define the -span is the maximum value of over all pairs of vertices of and the S -span is defined by = min where the minimum is taken over all ST-coloring c of G. Similarly the -edgespan is the maximum value of over all edges of and the S -edge span is defined by = min where the minimum is taken over all ST-coloring c of G. In this paper we discuss these concepts namely, S -chromatic number, , and of graphs.
BGP Anomaly Detection using Decision Tree Based Machine Learning Classifiers
Authors:   Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University, Noida, India., Bhatnagar Anisha , Majumdar Namrata ,   Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University, Noida, India., Shukla* Shipra ,   Assistant Professor, Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University, Noida, India.
Published: October 2019

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is utilized to send and receive data packets over the internet. Over the years, this protocol has suffered from some massive hits, caused by worms, such as Nimda, Slammer, Code Red etc., hardware failures, and/or prefix hijacking. This caused obstruction of services to many. However, Identification of anomalous messages traversing over BGP allows discovering of such attacks in time. In this paper, a Machine Learning approach has been applied to identify such BGP messages. Principal Component Analysis technique was applied for reducing dimensionality up to 2 components, followed by generation of Decision Tree, Random Forest, AdaBoost and GradientBoosting classifiers. On fine tuning the parameters, the random forest classifier generated an accuracy of 97.84%, the decision tree classifier followed closely with an accuracy of 97.38%. The GradientBoosting Classifier gave an accuracy of 95.41% and the AdaBoost Classifier gave an accuracy of 94.43%.
Integrated Navigation System for Unmanned Vehicle Convoy
Authors:   Central scientific research automobile and automotive engines institute “NAMI”, Moscow, Russia., Saikin* Andrei Mikhailovich , Buznikov Sergei Evgenevich ,   Central scientific research automobile and automotive engines institute “NAMI”, Moscow, Russia., Elkin Dmitrii Sergeevich ,   Central scientific research automobile and automotive engines institute “NAMI”, Moscow, Russia., Strukov Vladislav Olegovich ,   Central scientific research automobile and automotive engines institute “NAMI”, Moscow, Russia.
Published: October 2019

This work discusses experimental results of integrated navigation system of unmanned vehicle convoy with manned master vehicle in road climatic environment of Russia. The developed navigation system is comprised of odometric system integrated with computer vision equipped with video cameras and radars. Navigation is supported by virtual sensors of parameters of center-of-mass motion, and motion path is adjusted by data of video camera and radar. The algorithms of wheel navigation system have been designed on the basis of concept of virtual data sensors. Virtual data sensors allow to solve navigation problem in minimum hardware configuration. As a consequence of the research, the operable integrated navigation system has been developed allowing detection of position of unmanned vehicles in convoy. The proposed engineering solutions have been confirmed by experimental results of navigation system for unmanned vehicle convoy with manned master vehicle in road climatic environment of Russia. The research novelty is in experimental verification of efficiency of algorithms and software of the developed integrated navigation system for unmanned vehicle convoy with manned master vehicle.