bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EU Green Deal and Opportunity Cost: A Comparison Between the Viability of Different Wastewater Treatment Project
Authors: Vindel José María , Trincado Estrella , Sánchez-Bayón Antonio
Published: March 2021

The European Union Green Deal aims at curbing planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions and introducing clean energy production. But to achieve energy efficiency, the opportunity cost of different energies must be assessed. In this article, we analyse two different systems for the treatment of wastewater that, at the same time, produce energy for its own operation. On the one hand, high-rate algal ponds system (HRAP) is considered; on the other hand, we study a conventional activated sludge system which uses photovoltaic power (AS+PV). This paper offers a viability analysis of both systems based on the capacity to satisfy their energetic consumption. In order to assess this viability, the probability of not achieving the energy consumption threshold at least one day is studied. The results point that the AS+PV system self-sufficiency is achieved using much lesser surfaces than those of HRAP system (for the former, less than 6.500 m2, for the latter 40.000 m2). However, the important AS capital cost makes still the HRAP system more economic, although storage provides a great advantage for using the AS+PV in locations where we have a lot of irradiance. This viability analysis, along with the opportunity cost analysis, will be used to assess these two projects devoted to the treatment of wastewater.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Flipped Classroom Dalam Jaringan terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah ditinjau dari Self Confidence Siswa Kelas X IPS SMA Negeri di Kecamatan Cempaka Putih Jakarta
Authors: Simanjuntak Heilinda Esther , Meiliasari Meiliasari , Ambarwati Lukita
Published: March 2021

Kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis merupakan suatu bagian utuh dari pembelajaran matematika karena pemecahan masalah merupakan suatu proses untuk mengatasi kesulitan yang ditemui supaya mencapai suatu tujuan yang diinginkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran flipped classroom dalam jaringan terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah ditinjau dari self confidence siswa kelas X IPS SMA Negeri di Kecamatan Cempaka Putih Jakarta. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMAN 30 Jakarta dan SMAN 77 Jakarta pada kelas X IPS semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2020/2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi eksperimental dengan desain penelitian treatment by level 2×2 yang terdiri dari dua variabel: (1) pendekatan pembelajaran dengan taraf model pembelajaran flipped classroom dalam jaringan dan model pembelajaran jarak jauh, (2) self confidence dengan taraf tinggi dan rendah. Sampel sebanyak 70 siswa SMA. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran flipped classroom dalam jaringan terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis, khususnya untuk siswa memiliki self confidence tinggi, dan terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan self confidence terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis.
Debris-Flow and Debris-Flood Susceptibility Mapping for Geohazard Risk Prioritization
Authors: Sturzenegger Matthieu , Holm Kris , Lau Carie-Ann , Jakob Matthias
Published: March 2021

Regional-scale assessments for debris-flow and debris-flood propagation and avulsion on fans can be challenging. Geomorphological mapping based on aerial or satellite imagery requires substantial field verification effort. Surface evidence of past events may be obfuscated by development or obscured by repeat erosion or debris inundation, and trenching may be required to record the sedimentary architecture and date past events. This paper evaluates a methodology for debris-flow and debris-flood susceptibility mapping at regional scale based on a combination of digital elevation model (DEM) metrics to identify potential debris source zones and flow propagation modeling using the Flow-R code that is calibrated through comparison to mapped alluvial fans. The DEM metrics enable semi-automated identification and preliminary, process-based classification of streams prone to debris flow and debris flood. Flow-R is a susceptibility mapping tool that models potential flow inundation based on a combination of spreading and runout algorithms considering DEM topography and empirical propagation parameters. The methodology is first evaluated at locations where debris-flow and debris-flood hazards have been previously assessed based on field mapping and detailed numerical modeling. It is then applied over a 125,000 km2 area in southern British Columbia, Canada. The motivation for the application of this methodology is that it represents an objective and repeatable approach to susceptibility mapping, which can be integrated in a debris-flow and debris-flood risk prioritization framework at regional scale to support risk management decisions.
Halo Properties in Helium Nuclei from the Perspective of Geometrical Thermodynamics
Authors: Parker M. C. , Jeynes C. , Catford W. N.
Published: March 2021

The nuclear matter and charge radii of the helium isotopes (A = 4,6,8) are calculated by quantitative geometrical thermodynamics (QGT) taking as input the symmetry of the alpha-particle, the very weak binding (and hence halo nature) of the heavier helium isotopes, and a characteristic length scale given by the proton size. The results follow by considering each isotope in its ground state, with QGT representing each system as a maximum entropy configuration that conforms to the Holographic Principle. This allows key geometric parameters to be determined from the number of degrees of freedom available. QGT treats 6He as a 4He core plus a concentric neutron shell comprising a holomorphic pair of neutrons, and the 8He neutron halo is treated as a holomorphic pair of holomorphic pairs. Considering the information content of each system allows a correlation angle of 2pi/3 between the holomorphic entities to be inferred, and then the charge radii of the three isotopes can be calculated from the displacement of the 4He core from the centre of mass. The calculations for the charge and matter radii of 4,6,8He agree closely with observed values. Similar QGT calculation of the sizes of the self-conjugate A = 4n nuclei {4He,8Be,12C,16O,20Ne,24Mg,28Si,32S,36Ar,40Ca} also agree well with experiment.
High mobility transparent and conducting oxide films of La-doped SrSnO3
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Kumar Ravi , Asokan K , Choudhary R J , Phase D M , Singh Abhinav Pratap
Published: March 2021

The synthesis and characterization of high mobility thin films of La-doped SrSnO 3 are reported. The mobility for the 7% La-doped sample is found to be 228 cm 2 V -1 s -1 . The observed high mobility is associated with the reduced carrier effective mass and scattering centers of various scattering mechanisms. The enhancement in mobility and the increase in carrier concentration after doping reduced the resistivities of the thin films by 5 orders of magnitude. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that La-dopant and oxygen vacancies donate the electrons in the films. Films were highly transparent (> 90%) in the visible region. These materials have great potential to be used in the optoelectronic and heterostructure devices.
Exploring the Effects of Exercise on Brown Adipose Tissue Volumes and T2 Values Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7 Tesla
Authors: Zeng Yan , Gao Lei , Shao Shuying , Chen Xiaoshuai , Zhang Ping , Zhang Ranxu , Zhou Xiaoyue , Zhao Jian
Published: March 2021

Rationale and Objectives:

We aimed to evaluate the effect of exercise on brown adipose tissue (BAT) volumes and T2 values in mice.
Materials and Methods

Twenty-five female Kunming mice were divided into two groups, a running group (n = 5) and a control group (n = 20). After 4 months, all magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of mice were performed on a 7 Tesla (7T) MR scanner with T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and a T2 mapping sequence. Interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) volumes and T2 values were measured. To reduce the impact of weight on the results, we compared the ratio of BAT volumes to body weights (V/W). The data are expressed as mean ± SD, the BAT V/W and T2 values were compared between the control and running groups using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results

Interscapular BAT volumes of the running group (n = 5) and control group (n = 20) were (180.09ml ± 59.80 ml) and (99.98ml ± 35.05ml), respectively. The V/W ratios of the running and control groups were (3.83ml/g ± 0.78ml/g) and (2.17ml/g ± 0.56ml/g), respectively. Interscapular BAT T2 values of the running and control groups were (76.07ms ± 10.82ms) and (61.22ms ± 15.98ms), respectively. Significant differences were found in the BAT V/W ratios (P = 0.0003, P < 0.001) and T2 values between the two groups (P = 0.0096, P < 0.05). BAT volume correlated positively with BAT T2 value (r = 0.75, p = 0.00002).
Conclusions

MRI is a non-invasive and quantitative method for identifying BAT, especially at ultra-high field like 7T. Long-term running increases BAT volume and T2 value, what's more, BAT volume correlates positively with BAT T2 value.
Biochemical and Genotoxic Effects of Iron and Manganese in Oreochromis Niloticus (Teleostei: Cichlidae)
Authors: Passos Larissa Souza , Coppo Gabriel Carvalho , Pereira Tatiana Miura , Merçon Julia , Teixeira Barbara Chisté , Lopes Taciana Onesorge Miranda , Chippari-Gomes Adriana Regina
Published: March 2021

The Doce River, southeastern Brazil, in 2015 received iron mining tailings after the Fundão (MG) dam burst, which resulted in the leakage of about 50 million cubic meters of tailings mud, which have iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) as main components, causing much damage to health to aquatic organisms, including death. Since exposure of aquatic organisms to metals can cause genotoxic damage and induce the generation of reactive oxygen species, causing oxidative damage to biomolecules, the present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of the association between Fe and Mn in Oreochromis niloticus through genotoxic (micronucleus test and comet assay), and biochemical (CAT and GST enzymes) assays. The tested treatments were T1 = control group, T2 = 3.81 mg/L of Fe + 0.5 mg/L of Mn, and T3 = 7.62 mg/L of Fe + 5.23 mg/L of Mn, during 96-h bioassays. All animals exposed to the metals showed a significant increase in erythrocyte micronucleus frequency and DNA damage. The hepatic GST activity increased two times in animals exposed to T3 compared to control group. The results indicate that Fe + Mn caused genotoxic and biochemical changes in exposed fish. Therefore, excess metals in ecosystems, even those essential for organisms, can be dangerous for the local biota due to the risk associated with high concentrations of these metals.
A Spatiotemporal Chaotic System Based on Pseudo-Random Coupled Map Lattices and Elementary Cellular Automata
Authors: Dong Youheng , Geng Zhao
Published: March 2021

The coupled map lattices (CML) is a spatiotemporal chaotic system with complex dynamic behavior. In this paper, we propose a spatiotemporal chaotic system with a novel pseudo-random coupling method based on the elementary cellular automata (ECA), and add different perturbations to lattices in each iteration according to ECA. We investigate the spatiotemporal dynamic properties and chaotic behaviors of the proposed system such as bifurcation diagrams, Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy density, and universality. Moreover, the correlation between any two lattices is discussed. Theory analysis and simulation test indicate that the new system has better performance in complexity, ergodic and unpredictability than conventional CML systems such as adjacent CML and mixed linear-nonlinear CML. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between any two lattices in proposed system is significantly lower than other systems, and another advantage of the proposed system is utilizing the output of ECA to perturb the chaotic system which can effectively alleviate the dynamical degradation in digital system. The excellent performance of proposed system demonstrates that it has great potential for crypto-system.
Magnetized Chitosan Nanocomposite as an Effective Adsorbent for the Removal of Methylene Blue and Malachite Green Dyes
Authors: Mashkoor Fouzia , Nasar Abu
Published: March 2021

Herein, a magnetically separable Fe3O4 decorated chitosan was facilely synthesized, systematically characterized, and subsequently employed as a versatile adsorbing material for the adsorption of malachite green and methylene blue dyes. The prepared adsorbent was characteristically examined through Fourier transform infra-red microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy X-ray diffraction, Brunauere-Emmette-Teller surface area analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and vibrating-sample magnetometry techniques. The performance of adsorbent was studied in batch mode and the the time-dependent experimental data were analyzed with different kinetic models, and pseudo-IInd-order was provided the best fit for the adsorption of both the dyes with a high value of the regression coefficient. The adsorption equilibrium data of both the dyes was best explained by Langmuir isotherm, and the maximum sorption capacity of MG and MB was found to be 55.86 and 76.34 mg g-1, respectively. Thermodynamic analysis declared that the adsorption of MG and MB onto the MChi was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. Moreover, the adsorbent presented good reusability up to three successive ad-/de-sorption cycles, indicating that MChi is a promising applicant for the treatment of dye-containing wastewater.
A Significant Correlation Between Osteoarthritis of the Atlantoaxial Facet Joint and a High-riding Vertebral Artery
Authors: Shimizu Tomoaki , Koda Masao , Abe Tetsuya , Shibao Yosuke , Kono Mamoru , Eto Fumihiko , Miura Kosei , Mataki Kentaro , Noguchi Hiroshi , Takahashi Hiroshi , Funayama Toru , Yamazaki Masashi
Published: March 2021

Background A high-riding vertebral artery (HRVA) is an intraosseous anomaly that narrows the trajectory for C2 pedicle screws. The prevalence of a HRVA is high in patients who need surgery at the craniovertebral junction, but reports about HRVAs among subaxial cervical spine disorders are limited. We sought to determine the prevalence of HRVAs among patients with subaxial cervical spine disorders to elucidate the potential risk for VA injury in subaxial cervical spine surgery. Methods We included 215 patients, 94 were with a main lesion from C3 to C7 (subaxial group) and 121 were with a main lesion from T1 to L5 (thoracolumbar group). A HRVA was defined as a maximum C2 pedicle diameter of <3.5mm on axial CT. The sex, age of patients, body mass index (BMI), osteoarthritis of the atlantoaxial (C1/2) facet joints and prevalence of a HRVA in the 2 groups were compared and logistic regression was used to identify the factors correlate with a HRVA. Results The patients of subaxial group were younger than those of the thoracolumbar group but the sex and BMI didn’t differ significantly between the 2 groups. The osteoarthritis grade of C1/2 facet joints of the subaxial group was statistically higher than the thoracolumbar group. A HRVA was found in 26 patients of 94 (27.7 %) in the subaxial group and in 19 of 121 (15.7%) in the thoracolumbar group. The prevalence of a HRVA in the subaxial group was statistically higher and logistic regression analysis indicated that osteoarthritis of C1/2 facet joints significantly correlated with HRVA. Conclusions The prevalence of a HRVA in patients with subaxial cervical spine disorders is higher than in those without cervical spine disorders, and osteoarthritis of C1/2 facet joints significantly correlated with a HRVA.
Bacterial and Fungal Co-infections with SARS-CoV-2 in Solid Organ Recipients, A Retrospective Study
Authors: Shafiekhani Mojtaba , Shekari Zahra , Boorboor Arash , Zare Zahra , Arabsheybani Sara , Azadeh Nazanin
Published: March 2021

Background SARS-CoV-2, a novel corona virus, has caused clusters of fatal pneumonia worldwide. Immune compromised patients are among the high risk groups with poor prognosis of the disease. The presence of bacterial or fungal co-infections with SARS-CoV-2 is associated with increased mortality.Methods The electronic data of the liver and kidney recipients, hospitalized in COVID-19 intensive care unit in an 8-month period in 2020 were retrospectively assessed. The documented bacterial or fungal infections alongside with outcome and risk factors were recorded and analyzed by binary logistic regression model and multivariate analyses.Results Sixty-Six liver and kidney recipients were included this study. Twenty one percent of the patients had at least one episode of co-infection during their COVID-19 course. Bacterial and fungal co-infections contributed to a significantly higher mortality. Urine and sputum were the most common sites of pathogen isolation (45.45 % and 36.36%; respectively). The majority of infections were caused by vancomycin- resistant Enterococci (30%). Escherichia coli stood in the next position with 23.3%. Prior hospitalization and high does corticosteroid use were associated with co-infections (p=0<0.001 and p=0.02; respectively.)Conclusions Bacterial and fungal co-infections with COVID-19 are more prevalent on solid organ recipients compared to the general population. Prior hospitalizations and use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents leads to emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens in this susceptible patient population. Early detection and treatment of co-infections as well as antibiotic stewardship is recommended in solid organ recipients.
High Prevalence of Anterior Pituitary Deficiencies after Cranial Radiation Therapy for Skull Base Meningiomas. 
Authors: Raymond Perrine , Klein Marc , Cuny Thomas , Klein Olivier , Salleron Julia , Bernier Valérie
Published: March 2021

Background: Cranial irradiation represents the first-line treatment proposed in skull base meningiomas. While cranial irradiation is associated with a high risk of secondary hypopituitarism, few studies focused on the specific location of skull base meningiomas. Methods: 52 adults receiving photon-beam therapy for skull base meningiomas between 1978 and 2014 in our Institution were included. Anterior pituitary (ACTH, FSH, GH, LH, TSH and prolactin) as well as corresponding peripheral hormones (8am-Cortisol, IGF-1, fT3, fT4, 17βestradiol or testosterone) were biologically screened before radiotherapy (baseline), then yearly until March 2019. The pituitary gland (PG) was delineated on CT and the mean dose delivered to it was calculated.Results: Mean age at diagnosis was 56 +/-14 years. Median follow-up was 7 years. Up to 60% of patients developed at least ≥ 2 pituitary deficiencies, 10 years after radiotherapy. Gonadotroph, thyrotroph, corticotroph and somatotroph deficiencies occurred in 37%, 28%, 18% and 15% of patients, respectively. Hyperprolactinemia was found in 13 % of patients. None patient had only one pituitary deficiency. In the multivariate analysis, a delivered dose to the PG ≥ 50 Gy or a meningioma size ≥ 40 mm significantly increased the risk of developing hypopituitarism. Conclusions: Over a long-term follow-up, cranial radiation therapy used in skull base meningiomas led to a high prevalence of hypopituitarism, further pronounced in case of tumor ≥ 4cm. These results advocate for an annual and prolonged follow-up of the pituitary functions in patients with irradiated skull base meningiomas.
DYNAMISM: A Low-Cost Automatic System for Measurements of Gas Exchange at Canopy Scale in Dynamic Conditions
Authors: Salvatori Nicole , Alberti Giorgio , Muller Onno , Rascher Uwe , Peressotti Alessandro
Published: March 2021

BackgroundObtaining instantaneous gas exchanges data is fundamental to gain information on photosynthesis. Leaf level data are reliable, but their scaling up to canopy scale is difficult as they are acquired in standard and/or controlled conditions, while natural environments are extremely dynamic. Responses to dynamic environmental conditions need to be considered, as measurements at steady state and their related models may overestimate total carbon (C) plant uptake.ResultsIn this paper, we describe an automatic, low-cost measuring system composed of 12 open chambers (60 x 60 x 150 cm; around 400 euros per chamber) able to measure instantaneous CO2 and H2O gas exchanges, as well as environmental parameters, at canopy level. We tested the system’s performance by simulating different CO2 uptake and respiration levels using a tube filled with soda lime or pure CO2, respectively, and quantified its response time and measurement accuracy. We have been also able to evaluate the delayed response due to the dimension of the chambers, proposing a method to correct the data by taking into account the response time (to) and the residence time (τ). Finally, we tested the system by growing a commercial soybean variety in fluctuating and non-fluctuating light, showing the system to be fast enough to capture fast dynamic conditions. At the end of the experiment, we compared cumulative fluxes with total plant dry biomass.ConclusionsThe system slightly over-estimated (+ 7.6%) the total C uptake, even though not significantly, confirming its ability in measuring the overall CO2 fluxes at canopy scale. Furthermore, the system resulted to be accurate and stable, allowing to estimate the response time and to determine steady state fluxes from unsteady state measured values. Thanks to the flexibility in the software and to the dimensions of the chambers, the system can be used for several applications and with different plant canopies by mimicking different (i.e. dynamic and static) environmental conditions.
Experience of COVID-19 Vaccination of Healthcare Workers in a Hospital Setting
Authors: Azamgarhi Tariq , Hodgkinson Michelle , Shah Ashik , Skinner John , Briggs Tim , hauptmannova Iva , Warren Simon
Published: March 2021

Introduction Several COVID-19 vaccines against SAR-CoV-2 have demonstrated high efficacy in clinical trials. This is the first report describing their use in a healthcare setting.Methods We conduct a single centre observational study assessing vaccine uptake and apparent efficacy of the Pfizer BioNTech vaccine among healthcare workers (HCW). Results Overall uptake was 60.8%, however we saw statistically significant differences in uptake between age groups, ethnic origins, and job roles. In the 42 days after vaccination, 45 new cases of COVID were identified, of which 4 (8.9%) occurred in HCWs who were beyond 10 days of vaccination. Kaplan Meier curves for vaccinated and unvaccinated groups were congruent until day 14 and continued to diverge up to 42 days. Cox regression analysis showed a 79.0% (95%CI 21 – 95; p=0.02) risk reduction for COVID infection in vaccinated HCWs. Conclusions Initial vaccination rates among HCW were generally good, although uptake was lower in certain groups and efforts should focus on increasing uptake in these groups. The Pfizer BioNTech vaccine is effective from 14 days post-vaccination in a frontline clinical setting and protection continues beyond 21 days post 1st dose without a 2nd dose, being given.
Tai Chi versus High-intensity Interval Training on Inhibitory Control in Individuals with Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Pang Xiaowu , Zhu Dong , Yang Suyong , Ke Xiao , Wang Tianyuan , Wang Jiabin , Schöllhorn Wolfgang I. , Yin Yanqiang
Published: March 2021

Background

Cognitive function of individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) is defective, and higher cognitive inhibitory control ability is considered to be related to lower drug craving. As a conjunction treatment for individuals with SUD, exercise has received supports and attention in many countries recently. Exercise has been reported to be beneficial for cognitive rehabilitation. However, different exercises have different effects on cognitive function. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a single session of Tai chi (TC) exercise and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on inhibitory control in individuals with SUD.
Methods

A total 47 individuals with methamphetamine dependence were recruited from a compulsory drug rehabilitation center; participation in this study was voluntary. The participants were randomly assigned to the TC group or the HIIT group, and computer-based Go/No-go and Stroop tasks were used to assess inhibitory control in an indoor setting prior to and following exercise. Independent sample t-test was applied for baseline comparison of continuous variables, while repeated-measures analysis of variance was applied to test differences in the effect of each intervention before and after a single session of exercise.
Results

In Go/No-go test, the reaction time of the TC and HIIT groups in the post-test was shorter than that at the baseline, and the response accuracy of the post-test were higher than that of the baseline. In the Stroop task, the reaction time of two groups in the post-test was shorter than that at the baseline; while, greater improvement in response accuracy was observed in HIIT group in the post-test than that of the baseline.
Conclusion

Both TC and HIIT can promote inhibitory control in individuals with SUD. Compared with the TC group, the HIIT group showed greater improvements in response accuracy. These findings demonstrate the potential of TC and HIIT in improving cognition in SUD.
Trial registration

: ChiCTR1900022158 Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: Registered 27th March, 2019.
Exploring Personal Development Workshops’ Effect on Well-being and Interconnectedness 
Authors: Wahbeh Helané , Yount Garret , Vieten Cassandra , Radin Dean , Delorme Arnaud
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Personal development workshops are increasingly popular. This study evaluated the relationships between measures of well-being, interconnectedness, and extended perception in a variety of these workshops, and it explored which kinds of workshops and individual characteristics predicted changes in these outcomes. Materials and Methods: In a prospective, uncontrolled, within-participant design study, adult participants completed questionnaires and online tasks before and after personal development workshops. Two sets of analyses were completed, 1) examining the relationships between measures using only pre-workshop measures using Spearman correlations and 2) exploring change scores pre- to post-workshop and workshop and individual characteristics as predictors of those change scores using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and multivariate nonparametric methods. Results: The subjective sense of interconnectedness and well-being were intercorrelated, but extended perception task performance was not correlated with those factors. General personal development workshops improved subjective interconnectedness, well-being, positive emotion, compassion, and reduced sleep disturbances, negative emotion, and pain. The workshop formats of lecture, small groups, pairs, and discussion were significant predictors of well-being outcomes. The workshop content categories of meditation and technology tools were also predictive of well-being outcomes, with meditation being the most consistent predictor of positive well-being changes. Conscientiousness was the only significant individual characteristic predictor, although it was associated with increases in some well-being measures and decreases in others. Conclusions: This study provides evidence for the positive relationship between the subjective sense of interconnectedness and multiple well-being measures and the beneficial effects of personal development workshops.
Testing Significance of Macroeconomic Variables in Explaining Aggregate Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Study
Authors: Rahman Md Arifur
Published: March 2021

The paper studies the relationship between the aggregate economic growth and the macroeconomic variables during the period 1977-2016. A first-order autocorrelation in the dependent and independent variables was detected. The residuals of the ordinary least squares (OLS) model were also affected by heteroscedasticity. By applying multiple econometric estimation techniques, the study finds that annual consumption growth, government expenditure growth, and gross savings to GDP ratio are the most statistically significant macroeconomic variables in explaining the change in aggregate economic growth.
Association between Human papillomavirus and oral cancer in Iranian clinical samples: a meta- analysis review
Authors: Mousavi Tahoora , Mosazadeh Mahmood , Taghiloo Saeid , Valadan Reza , Sattari Sogol , Haghshenas Mohammad Reza
Published: March 2021

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignancies and is a serious problem worldwide. The role of HPV in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma has beenstudied in several researches. Objective: The aim of the present review and meta-analysis was to investigate the relation between human papillomavirus (HPV) and oral cancer. Study design: Relevant studies were found using online international databases and suitable studies were selected and assessed by two independent researchers. The quality of all papers were determined by a checklist. Heterogeneity assay among the primary studies was evaluated by Cochran's Q test and I2 index. The statistical analyses were done using Stata SE, V.11 software. Trim and Fill method was applied to confirm the validity of the results.Results: This meta- analysis consists of 8 primary studies on the incidence of HPV infection in Iranian patients with oral diseases. The odds ratio between HPV infection and risk of oral cancer was 4.00 (95%CI: 2.31, 6.93).Conclusion: This meta- analysis showed associations between prevalence of HPV infection and oral cancer among Iranian patients. The chance of developing oral cancer among HPV positive patients was higher than that in HPV negative patients.
Medical Mycology dissertation topics require prioritisation among Postgraduate Microbiology trainees of Makerere University, Uganda.
Authors: Achan Beatrice , Mboowa Gerald , Kwizera Richard , Kateete David P. , Kajumbula Henry , Bongomin Felix
Published: March 2021

Background: The unfortunate ongoing high burden of fungal diseases requires expertise in medical mycology.Objective: The popularity of medical mycology dissertation topics among postgraduate microbiology trainees at the College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Uganda was determined.Methods. Dissertations submitted to the Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology & Molecular Biology from 2011 through 2018 were reviewed retrospectively and the proportion of topics in medical mycology expressed as fractions of the total number of dissertations were analysed using descriptive statistics.Results. A total of 152 dissertations were retrieved. Of these, only 5 (3.3%) dissertations were on medical mycology compared to bacteriology (50.7%, n=77), virology (27.6%, n=42), parasitology (14.5%, n=22) and immunology (4.0%, n=6). Of the 5 dissertations on mycology, the fungal diseases studied by the postgraduate microbiology trainees were cryptococcal meningitis (40%, n= 2), Candidiasis (20%, n=1), superficial mycoses (20%, n=1) and invasive fungal diseases (20%, n=1). The most common method that was used for studying the fungal diseases was the conventional culture methods 60%, n=3.Conclusion. Medical Mycology is not a popular research topic among postgraduate trainees of microbiology at Makerere University.
Symbolic Aspects of Nutrition Vocabulary in the Turkic Languages
Authors:   S. Amanzhoiov East Kazakhstan University, Znilkubaeva Amantai Sh.
Published: March 2021

The article uses a lot of factual material to reveal the role of ethnographisms associated with cooking during the most significant moments of human life: birth, wedding, burial. The connection of symbolism with ritual is revealed.The purpose of the article is based on the specifics of the work caused by the need for a linguoculturological description of the vocabulary of nutrition, the definition of extralinguistic factors (customs, traditions and religious beliefs) in the formation, development and functioning, as well as the disclosure of the symbolic essence of this LSH.The relevance of the article is determined by the need for linguistic and cultural understanding of the food vocabulary, which is widely reflected in paremia, concepts, phraseological units, and customs as the most stable lexical and semantic categories of the Turkic languages (more than 2 000 lexical and phraseological units).The material of the study was the vocabulary of nutrition of the Turkic languages. The main methods used in the work are descriptive, comparative, and interpretive.The reception and serving of food among the Turkic peoples and their reflection in customs and traditions are symbolic relations between people connected by social, gender, and age relations. For example, the symbolism of food associated with the birth of a child has its roots in the distant past of the Turkic people and means a sacrifice for the successful birth of a woman. These rituals include: preparing special meals to speed childbirth: Garissa (lit. Competition with the cauldron, where food is cooked), preparing special dishes: sut burysh, IIT mun, burial of the bones of a 「am slaughtered for a woman in labor, gnawing the neck vertebrae of a ram without a knife, burning meat, etc. These traditions are a symbol of introducing the baby to a new life denoting the appearance of a new person. As a result of the analysis of this thematic group, it was revealed that traditional household rituals are the most stable basis of the ethnic spiritual culture of the Turkic peoples, many symbolic actions related to food are common, which once again confirms the hypothesis of genetic kinship of these peoples.The concept of linguoculturological research of customs and traditions as one of the current trends in linguistics opens up new aspects of the relationship and connection of language and spiritual culture, language and folk mentality, language and folk art. In the conceptual picture of the world and the national - cultural context, the question of the place and role of the studied LSH is very significant.The scientific novelty of the research consists in the linguistic and cultural understanding of one of the traditionally established and most stable lexical and semantic categories of the Turkic languages - the vocabulary of nutrition. Such studies in modern linguistics have not been sofer conducted. Keywords: food vocabulary, symbols, ritual, linguoculturology, ethnographism, customs, traditions, conceptual picture of the world
EVOLUTION OF TREATMENT OF CANCER OF THE MAJOR DUODENAL PAPILLA
Authors: Nazarova D. V. , Rasulov R. I. , Zubrinsky K. G. , Sogolov G. I.
Published: March 2021

Cancer of the major duodenal papilla is a rare disease with a reported population incidence of 6 per million. Endoscopic ultrasonography and intraductal ultrasonography are useful for diagnosing tumor  extension of the major duodenal papilla. However, there are no specific biochemical studies or tumor markers, and an algorithm for early diagnosis of cancer of the major duodenal papilla has not been developed. Pancreatoduodenal resection remains the main treatment method for patients with a resectable tumor. However, long-term outcomes of radical surgeries are not satisfactory, with the median survival rate of 52–113 months, and the 5-year survival rate of 30–78.8 %. The study of prognostic factors will allow the development of the effective schemes of radical treatment, a therapeutic algorithm that will inevitably increase life expectancy. Radical surgery should be integrated into multi-modal treatment. Of all the variety of prognostic factors, the morphological differentiation of the tumor is of interest. According to our data, the overall 5-year survival rate, the average life expectancy for pancreatobiliary and intestinal subtypes of cancer of the major duodenal papilla after expanded pancreatoduodenal resection, respectively, was 0 % versus 38.05 % and 9.3 ± 1.79 months versus 48.0 ± 7.69 months. An accurate morphological diagnosis is of paramount prognostic importance, since it can have therapeutic consequences; that is, morphologically oriented and specific (neo)adjuvant treatment corresponding to subtypes of cancer of the major duodenal papilla. Currently, a multi-modal approach in the treatment of cancer of the major duodenal papilla is under development. Data on the use of adjuvant therapy in the radical treatment regimen are contradictory. There are no randomized controlled trials for neoadjuvant treatment. Little attention is paid to complications of chemotherapy and radiation therapy in the neoadjuvant treatment option. According to our data, chemoembolization of the gastro-duodenal artery resulted in complications in 21.4 %, and external beam radiation therapy resulted in radiation-induced injuries in 25 %. NCC N and ESMO currently do not provide recommendations for (neo)adjuvant treatment of cancer of the major duodenal papilla.
Exploring the firm’s influential determinants pertinent to workplace innovation
Authors: Khan Sania
Published: March 2021

Significant changes in organizations with good human resources (HR) practices can transform the workplace to a great extent. Although there is a fair amount of research on workplace innovation, most firms even now act as barriers to personnel growth and workplace innovation. This study proposed to explore various influential factors of firms from a holistic perspective that affect workplace innovation by adopting the principal component analysis (PCA) method to reduce the dimensionalities and better emphasize firms’ development. The useful data were collected using a survey questionnaire from one hundred and ninety-five (195) respondents from different Indian organizations. Totally forty-six sub-factors were identified and developed into nine significant organizational factors influencing workplace improvement viz., organization culture and environment, innovation process, resources, organization structure, corporate strategy, employee, knowledge management, technology and management, and leadership. The study suggested that any firm must emphasize these core determinants at the workplace to motivate the employees towards innovation and organizations to be competitive in the industry. The study invites firm policymakers, HR managers, and top management to formulate the best organizational strategies to encourage an innovative culture in firms.
AcknowledgmentThe author(s) of this study acknowledges all the respondents who contributed their quality opinion and made this study possible and helpful in contributing to the industry.
Free economic zones as a modern development institution in international business
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Pavlov Pavel , Zashchitina Elena ,   Southern Federal University
Published: March 2021

An analysis of the activities of leading world and domestic companies from 1995 to 2020 showed that the transformation of the global economic order, sanctions, wars, the imposition of protective duties for more recent key trading partners, and the reorientation of major sales markets lead to new rules for conducting international business between countries and companies who participate in world trade. The object of this article is free economic zones as an institution for the development and support of companies in international business. The subject of the study is the various forms and methods provided by the free economic zones that ensure the competitiveness and promotion of companies in the global trade in goods and services. The result of the study is to identify a new development vector for Russian companies participating in international business by using the potential of free economic zones. The application of existing mechanisms and proposing new mechanisms for supporting companies in free economic zones will become an important platform for business transformation, the search for new partners, and the establishment of cooperative ties with other participants in international trade. The results can be used by domestic companies participating in international business to promote them in new regional and global markets by using the support mechanisms provided by this development institution.
Groundwater quality evaluation model based on multi-scale fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and big data analysis method
Authors: Cheng Hongxia , Minghui Zhang
Published: March 2021

The reasonable use of water resources has become an important issue for the sustainable development of humanity in the future. Many researches focus on groundwater quality inspection, but not groundwater quality assessment. This paper aims to study groundwater quality evaluation models based on multi-scale fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and big data analysis methods. We combine coarse-grained multi-scale fuzzy entropy and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to establish a groundwater quality evaluation model based on big data environment. The evaluation of groundwater samples from 327 test points in Huangpu District, Xuhui District, Hongkou District, and Putuo District of Shanghai was conducted. The results show that the overall condition of Shanghai groundwater is better, and more than 94% of samples qualified as drinking water sources. The method presented in this paper not only guarantees that the coarse-grained data on all scales are consistent with the length of the original data, but also avoids the phenomenon of data loss, which greatly improves the accuracy of subsequent algorithms.
Problem wygaśnięcia konkordatu polskiego z 1925 r.
Authors: Pawluk Tadeusz
Published: March 2021

Auctor disceptat controversias ad cessationem Concordati inter Sanctam Sedem et Rem Publicam Polonam anno 1925 initi pertinentes. Aliqui dicunt hoc Comcordatum tempore belli ex parte Sanctae Sedis, per actiones iuridicas litteris pactorum conventorum contrarias, revocatum fuisse et ideo non obligare partem Polonam; Sedes Apostolica enim litteram Concordati offensit committendo civibus alterius Status iurisdictionem ecclesiasticam in cives Polomos. Tamen ex documentis Sanctae Sedis et ex analysi iuridica auctor affirmat causam cessationis conventiomis non exstitisse. Quod vero ad ea spectat quae de aliqua dioecesi in Polonia sunt a Sancta Sede ad tempus deliberata respondendum est deliberations istas in extrema necessitate et studio salutis animarum locum habuisse.
Reforma Kongregacji św. Oficjum
Authors: Pieronek Tadeusz
Published: March 2021

Auctor in primis indicat praecipua documenta Romanorum P ontificum, constitutionem atque historiam primae Congregationis Romanae spectantia. Deinde, ex actis antepreparatoriis Concilii Oecumenici Vaticani II, re fe rt vota Episcoporum ac Universitatibus Catholicis, quae opportunas mutationes denominationis, stru ctu ra e et procedurae S. Congregationis S. Officii, ob diversas rationes, postulaverunt. In fine demonstrat, quomodo proposita hac in ma teria ex toto orbe Catholico allata, in laboribus Concilii, praesertim tamen in activitate legislative pap. Pauli VI, sc. in Motu Proprio Integrae servandae, in Motu P ro prio Pro comperto sane, et in Constitutione Apostolica Regimini Ecclesiae universae, solutionem hodiernis necessitatibus accommodatam in venerunt.
Śmierć O. Maksymiliana Kolbe w świetle prawa kanonicznego
Authors: Bar Joachim
Published: March 2021

P. Maximilianus Kolbe OFMConv. in campo concentrationis in Oświęcim die 14 Augusti 1941 a. occisus, notissima ultimi belli toto orbe te r rarum saevientis victima fuit. Catholici multi statim mortem ejus m a rtyrium iu x ta sensum in Ecclesia acceptum putabant, licet passim dubia circa circumstantias quasdam discessus ejus exorirentur. Obiit enim in campo concentrationis, ubi persecutores non tantum ob odium fidei immo vero etiam propter quaedam motiva politica forte adiuncta eum occidere potuerint; insuper P. Maximilianus sua sponte victima caritatis pro alio homine perituro factus est. Theologi et Canonistae posuerunt problems, an P. Maximilianus re vera m a rty r p u ta ri possit. Multis novis fontibus inventis de P. Maximiliano Auctor hujusce dissertationis denuo omnes circumstantias mortis ejus investigavit, facta certa decernens diligenter, crisim aliquorum dubiorum, quae ibi in te rponantur, instituit. De m a rty rii conceptu deque conditionibus ejusdem secundum Ius Canonicum requisitis breviter, diutius  tamen de causa formali mortis P. Maximiliani tum ex parte Servi Dei tum ex parte persecutorum disseruit. His omnibus discussis Auctor persuasus est P. Maximilianum victiman periisse hitlerismi, qui ipso suo principio antichristianus fuit et in Polonia speciali modo in campo concentrationis in Oświęcim odium Catholicae Ecclesiae ejus institutorum servorumque clare manifestavit. P. Maximilianus cruciatus mortemque e caritate Dei suscepit et passus est; de hacce ejus intentione to ta ejus v ita anteacta et conversatio in campo testificatae sunt. Mors P. Maximiliani post vitam virtutibus plenam optimum testimonium veritatis et celsitudinis Religionis Christianae fuit, ideoque mors haec verum ma rtyrium est. Christifideles in Polonia immo etiam ex tra fines ejus P. Maximilianum martyrem putant. Auctor dissertationem suam studium tantum privatum in historia et Iure Canonico censet et nullo modo sententiam Ecclesiae in Causa beatificationis Servi Dei in S. Rituum Congregatione nunc agitata anticip a re aut praesumere audet.
Ocena sędziowska środków dowodowych w procesie kanonicznym
Authors: Pawluk Tadeusz
Published: March 2021

Duae theoriae de aestimandis probationibus iudicialibus in historia processus in genere vigebant, nempe theoria probationis legalis seu formalis et theoria probationis materialis seu propriae persuationis iudicis. Iu x ta primam probatio vim suam ex dispositione legis habet, ideo in ipsa lege regulae de efficacia pro bationum processualium iudici praebendae su n t; iu x ta vero a lte ram iudex pro bationes ex sua conscientia seu p ro p ria persuasione aestimare debet. Antiquissimus processus canonicus ius romanum sequens theoriam pro b a tio nis materialis confitebatur. Ius quoque decretalium, generatim loquendo, romanam theoriam probationis materialis admisit. Ha c de re non ambigua sunt verba praesertim Clementis I I I (c. 6, X, I, 9), Gelestini I I I (c. 27, X, I I, 20), Innocentii IV (c. 1, II, 14, in V I 0) et Reg. 12, R. J., in V I°. Codex lu ris Canonici, similiter ac omnes hodierni processus civiles, theoriam propriae persuasionis iudicis in aestimandis probationibus iudicialibus acceptat. Quod evenit praecipue ex praescripto can. 1869 § 3 statuentis iudicem probationes aestimare debere ex sua conscientia, nisi pe r exceptionem aliquae pro b a tionis valor ab ipsa lege expresse constituatur. Huiusmodi exceptio h ab e tu r ex. gr. in can. 1791 § 1, 1791 § 2, 1816, 1819, 1827, 1836 § 2. In novo lu ris Canonici Codice, quem exspectamus, systema probationis materialis u t p roprium processus canonici magis exprimenda est. Ad melius ostendendum principium veritatis obiectivae, in quo processus fu n d a tu s est, paucae regulae hodierni Codicis efficaciam aliquarum probationum stetuentes evanescendae vel ad minimum reducendae sunt.
Stosunek Kościół - świat jako element w dyskusji nad prawem fundamentalnym Kościoła
Authors: Mierzwa Irena
Published: March 2021

Im Artikel wird das Problem der rechtlichen Erfassung der Konstitution der Kirche ergriffen. Es geht dabei vor allem darum, dass in solcher Erfassung die Existenz der Kirche ad extra ausgedrückt wird. Die wesentlichen S tru k tu ren der Kirche sind doch mit dem Problem Kirche — Welt verbunden, was vor allem in der Verwirklichung der Nächstenliebe als konstitutives Element der Kirche zum Ausdruck kommt. Von grösser Bedeutung fü r die Kodifikation der Kirchenkonstitution sind die Erfahrungen der christlichen Gemeinschaften.