bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Encounter in Virtual Reality in Robot-Based Telepresence
Authors: von der Heyde Markus
Published: April 2019

Have you ever met yourself? Have you met your past? This report is meant to make a phenomenon known in which VR users at a break-in-presence do not fall back into the lab environment. However, we are not yet able to provide tangible evidence and systematic research about it. Setup: We describe a virtual reality application which originally was intended to provide control for a search and rescue robot. Due to a design requirement to use very limited resources, we developed a sparse representation of the past of the robot. The user encounters the past path of the robot in VR as a collection of 360° photo-spheres which each captures one instant. Multiple users of the application can individually review all past pictures. The most recent picture represents the current perspective of the robot. In addition, each user can interact with virtual objects, e. g., control the robot. Observation: According to perceptual research, breaks-in-presence might occur after sensory conflicts. An encounter of one’s self in VR introduces a perceptual and cognitive conflict. Users were able to realign with their own episodic memory and did not fall back into the lab environment as a result of this new type of break-in-presence.
A Heuristic Checklist for Second Screen Applications
Authors: Lohmüller Valentin , Schmaderer Daniel , Wolff Christian
Published: April 2019

This paper presents domain-specific heuristics for second screen applications and the development of a heuristics checklist to enable a more intuitive and structured application of the created heuristics. The heuristics presented were developed on the basis of Nielsen [12] Ten Usability Heuristics in a research-based approach using specific literature and a focus group. In order to evaluate the quality of the derived checklist, a heuristic evaluation of a second screen application with five users was carried out and its results compared to a user study with 20 participants. This resulted in an average validity of 0.5 and a high completeness of 0.74. The harmonic mean of these values results in an F-measure of 0.6 with an equal weighting. This value speaks for a sufficient validity of the created heuristic checklist in the first iteration.
Requirements and Interaction Patterns for a Novel Interaction Device for Patients in Intensive Care
Authors: Kordts Börge , Kopetz Jan Patrick , Henkel Adrienne , Schrader Andreas , Jochems Nicole
Published: April 2019

Intensive care patients that are weaned from mechanical ventilation are facing substantial physical and psychical stress. Due to the breathing tube, they often cannot voice their basic needs adequately. Possible consequences, amongst other complications, are a prolonged healing process and a delirium. To address this issue and support patient communication in intensive care, we provide a solution tailored to patients that are dealing with limited cognitive and physiological abilities, hindering them to use traditional devices efficiently. For this purpose, we develop a novel interaction device tailored to the special situation of in-bed interaction.

In this paper, we present key requirements for the device, which are relevant to the interaction itself as well as possible interaction gestures that may be performed with the device. The basis for this is a human-centered design process consisting of a comprehensive user and context analysis, as well as a requirements analysis. As a result, we identified three categories relevant for the interaction, namely look and feel, sensors, and actuators. The results of the requirement analysis were precise enough to start the actual development process of the device.
Estimating the Population Average Treatment Effect in Observational Studies with Choice-Based Sampling
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Hu Zonghui , Liu Chunling
Published: April 2019

We consider causal inference in observational studies with choice-based sampling, in which subject enrollment is stratified on treatment choice. Choice-based sampling has been considered mainly in the econometrics literature, but it can be useful for biomedical studies as well, especially when one of the treatments being compared is uncommon. We propose new methods for estimating the population average treatment effect under choice-based sampling, including doubly robust methods motivated by semiparametric theory. A doubly robust, locally efficient estimator may be obtained by replacing nuisance functions in the efficient influence function with estimates based on parametric models. The use of machine learning methods to estimate nuisance functions leads to estimators that are consistent and asymptotically efficient under broader conditions. The methods are compared in simulation experiments and illustrated in the context of a large observational study in obstetrics. We also make suggestions on how to choose the target proportion of treated subjects and the sample size in designing a choice-based observational study.
The refinitivization of the infinitive in Finnish
Authors: Bielecki Robert
Published: April 2019

An attempt is made to arrange chronologically the particular stages of the diachronic process of therefinitivizationof the infinitive based on their synchronic reflections observable in the contemporary Finnish language. The paper begins with an overview of the morphological and syntagmatic properties of various Finnish infinitive types, and a presentation of the adoptedtaxonomicapproach as opposed to the transformational one. The main part contains a discussion on the details and the substantiation of the particular proposed chronological arrangement of the stages of the process of refinitivization of the infinitive in Finnish. A total of six stages of this process are distinguished, as a consequence of which the connection between the infinitive and finite verb tightens to such an extent that the finite verb metamorphoses into an auxiliary verb, whereas the infinitive metamorphoses into the only carrier of lexical meaning in a new compound verb form.
The phonetic and phonological status of ther-phones in Tunisian Arabic
Authors: Oueslati Jamila
Published: April 2019

Some aspects of the participation of ther-phones in the phonetic and phonological systems of Tunisian Arabic are discussed against the background of a brief acquaintance with the situation obtaining in Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic. In contemporary Tunisian Arabic sixr-phones occur and the relations of free variation, complementary distribution and phonological opposition between them are examined. The assimilation of the [r] to [l] is touched upon. The situation ofr-phones in other Arabic dialects is addressed.
Testosterone May Hold Therapeutic Promise for the Treatment ofIschemic Stroke in Aging: A Closer Look at Laboratory Findings
Authors: Farajdokht Fereshteh , Farhoudi Mehdi , Majdi Alireza , Zamanlu Masumeh , Sadigh-Eteghad Saeed , Vahedi Shabnam , Mahmoudi Javad
Published: April 2019

Male sex is more prone to cerebrovascular disorders, yet the exact role of androgens in cerebralischemia remains unclear. Here we reviewed current understanding of testosterone (TES)neuroprotective activity against ischemic stroke and mechanisms underlying these effects inaging. TES may exert a neuroprotective effect in aging through pathways including inhibition ofoxidant molecules production, enhancing the enzymatic antioxidant capacity of the brain andmodulation of apoptotic cell death. Given this, a better understanding of the neuroprotectiveroles of TES may propose an effective therapeutic strategy to improve the quality of life anddecrease androgen-related cerebrovascular problems in the aging men.
Cancer Cells Treated by Clusters of Copper Oxide Doped Calcium Silicate
Authors: Mabrouk Mostafa , Kenawy Sayed Hamed , El-Bassyouni Gehan El Tabie , Ibrahim Soliman Ahmed Abd El-Fattah , Aly Hamzawy Esmat Mahmoud
Published: April 2019

Purpose: Different compositions of copper oxide (CuO)-doped calcium silicate clusters wereused to treat the cancer cells.Methods: The influence of CuO content on the morphology, drug delivering ability,physicochemical properties and cytotoxicity was investigated.Results: The microcrystalline structure revealed the decrement of the size from (20-36 nm) to(5-7 nm) depending on the copper content percentages. Drug delivering ability of doxycyclinehyclate (Dox) was down regulated from 58% to 28%in the presence of the CuO. The inclusionof CuO and Dox didn’t show any remarkable changes on the physicochemical properties of theCuO-doped calcium silicate nanoparticles.Conclusion: The CuO-doped calcium silicate sample (5 weight %) exhibited great cytotoxicityagainst the tested cell lines compared to the CuO-free sample. CuO-doped materials displayedsignificant anticancer effect; this sheds light on its implication in the treatment of cancer.
Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction Using Magnetic NanoparticlesPerformed in a Narrow-Bored Tube for Extraction of Atorvastatin,Losartan, and Valsartan in Plasma
Authors: Farajzadeh Mir Ali , Yadeghari Adeleh , Abbaspour Maryam
Published: April 2019

Purpose: In this investigation, a new version of magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) performedin a narrow–bore tube has been proposed. In this study, hydrophobic octyl (C8) functionalizedFe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) stabilized by SiOH groups (Fe3O4@SiO2@C8) are used asmagnetic nano–sorbents for the extraction of cardiovascular drugs from human plasma prior totheir determination by high performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection.Methods: After precipitation of the plasma proteins, the supernatant is diluted with deionizedwater and filled into the narrow–bore tube. Then mg–level of the sorbent is added into the tube.The sorbent is dispersed and moved down through the solution instead of passing the solutionfrom the cartridge. Using an external magnet, the collected nano–sorbents at the bottom of thetube are transferred on top of the solution and released to move down through the solution forthree times to increase the extraction efficiency.Results: The linearity of the assay was ranging from 0.4–500 mg mL-1. The limits of detectionand quantification of the method were obtained in the ranges of 0.05–0.07 and 0.16–0.24 mgL-1, respectively. The extraction recoveries were obtained in the range of 31–49%. Intra– andinter–day precisions were calculated and obtained in the ranges of 5–8 and 7%–9% for 0.5 mgL-1 of each analyte, and 5–6 and 6%–8% for 2 mg L-1 of each analyte, respectively.Conclusion: The proposed method was successfully used in determination of the studied drugsin patient’s plasmas.
Stomach-Specific Drug Delivery of Clarithromycin Using aSemi Interpenetrating Polymeric Network Hydrogel Made ofMontmorillonite and Chitosan: Synthesis, Characterization and InVitro Drug Release Study
Authors: Panahi Yunes , Gharekhani Afshin , Hamishehkar Hamed , Zakeri-Milani Parvin , Gharekhani Hamed
Published: April 2019

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to prepare an extended drug delivery formulation ofclarithromycin (CAM) based on a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) hydrogel.Methods: Synthesis of semi-IPN hydrogel nanocomposite made of chitosan (CS), acrylicacid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and montmorillonite (MMT) wasperformed by free radical graft copolymerization method. Swelling kinetic studies were done inacidic buffer solutions of hydrochloric acid (pH = 1.2), acetate (pH = 4), and also distilled water.Also, the effects of MMT on the swelling kinetic, thermal stability, and mechanical strengthof the hydrogels were evaluated. Moreover, in vitro release behavior of CAM and its releasekinetics from hydrogels were studied in a hydrochloric acid buffer solution.Results: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results revealed that synthesis of semi-IPN superabsorbent nanocomposite and CAM incorporation into hydrogel was performed,successfully. Introducing MMT into hydrogel network not only improved its thermal stabilitybut also increased mechanical strength of the final hydrogel product. Also, in comparisonwith neat hydrogel (1270 g/g), hydrogel nanocomposite containing 13 wt% MMT exhibitedgreater equilibrium swelling capacity (1568 g/g) with lower swelling rate. In vitro drug releaseexperiments showed that CS-g-poly(AA-co-AAm)/PVP/MMT/CAM formulation possesses asustained release character over extended period of time compared with CS-g-poly(AA-co-AAm)/PVP/CAM formulation.Conclusion: In the presence of MMT, the effective life time of drug is prolonged, demonstrating asustained release property. The reason is that interlinked porous channels within superabsorbentnanocomposite network hinder penetration of aqueous solutions into hydrogel and subsequentlycause a slower drug release.
Davidson’s Meta-Normative Naturalism
Authors: Myers Robert
Published: April 2019

Although Donald Davidson is best known for his account of motivating reasons, towards the end of his life he did write about normative reasons, arguing for a novel form of realism we might call anomalous naturalism: anomalous, because it is not just non-reductive but also non-revisionary, refusing to compromise in any way on the thought that the prescriptive authority of normative reasons is objective and reaches to all possible agents; naturalism, because it still treats normative properties as perfectly ordinary causal properties, and thus avoids many of the epistemological problems that bedevil realisms of the sort recently advanced by Thomas Nagel, Derek Parfit, and T. M. Scanlon.

In the first section of the paper, I discuss Davidson’s understanding of objective prescriptivity and one important challenge that it faces. In the second section, I show how an answer to this challenge can be found in Davidson’s holism of the mental. As we shall see, Davidson’s holism of the mental makes the possibility of strongly prescriptive properties much easier to take seriously. In the final section of the paper, I take up various grounds for doubting that such properties could also be causal.
A potent liver-mediated mechanism for loss of muscle mass during androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Lam Teresa , McLean Mark , Hayden Amy , Poljak Anne , Cheema Birinder , Gurney Howard , Stone Glenn , Bahl Neha , Reddy Navneeta , Shahidipour Haleh , Birzniece Vita
Published: April 2019

Context

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in prostate cancer results in muscular atrophy, due to loss of the anabolic actions of testosterone. Recently, we discovered that testosterone acts on the hepatic urea cycle to reduce amino acid nitrogen elimination. We now hypothesize that ADT enhances protein oxidative losses by increasing hepatic urea production, resulting in muscle catabolism. We also investigated whether progressive resistance training (PRT) can offset ADT-induced changes in protein metabolism.

Objective

To investigate the effect of ADT on whole-body protein metabolism and hepatic urea production with and without a home-based PRT program.

Design

A randomized controlled trial.

Patients and intervention

Twenty-four prostate cancer patients were studied before and after 6 weeks of ADT. Patients were randomized into either usual care (UC) (n = 11) or PRT (n = 13) starting immediately after ADT.

Main outcome measures

The rate of hepatic urea production was measured by the urea turnover technique using15N2-urea. Whole-body leucine turnover was measured, and leucine rate of appearance (LRa), an index of protein breakdown and leucine oxidation (Lox), a measure of irreversible protein loss, was calculated.

Results

ADT resulted in a significant mean increase in hepatic urea production (from 427.6 ± 18.8 to 486.5 ± 21.3;P < 0.01) regardless of the exercise intervention. Net protein loss, as measured by Lox/Lra, increased by 12.6 ± 4.9% (P < 0.05). PRT preserved lean body mass without affecting hepatic urea production.

Conclusion

As early as 6 weeks after initiation of ADT, the suppression of testosterone increases protein loss through elevated hepatic urea production. Short-term PRT was unable to offset changes in protein metabolism during a state of profound testosterone deficiency.
Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of the current guidelines for detecting insulinoma
Authors: Dauben Laura , Simon Marie-Christine , Strassburger Klaus , Burkart Volker , Weber Katharina S , Schinner Sven , Roden Michael , Müssig Karsten
Published: April 2019

Objective

Insulinomas are rare pancreatic endocrine tumors characterized by hypoglycemia. Guidelines by the Endocrine Society (ES), the European (ENETS) and the North American (NANETS) Neuroendocrine Tumor Societies provide divergent diagnostic criteria. This study compared the diagnostic accuracy of these different criteria during the 72-h fasting test.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

From 2000 to 2014, 64 patients with a suspected insulinoma underwent a 72-h fasting test and were included in the analysis. This study assessed the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy based on venous blood glucose and corresponding insulin levels measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA).

Results

Based on 64 individuals (18 with, 46 without insulinoma), the ES criteria provided a diagnostic sensitivity of 0.94 (0.73–1.00), specificity of 0.89 (0.76–0.96) and accuracy of 0.91 (0.81–0.96). ENETS/NANETS criteria reached a diagnostic sensitivity of 0.78 (0.52–0.94), specificity of 1.00 (0.92–1.00) and accuracy of 0.94 (0.85–0.98).

Conclusions

These results point to a higher diagnostic sensitivity with less specificity for diagnosing insulinoma using ES criteria and a higher specificity at lower sensitivity by using ENETS/NANETS criteria. Before considering these results when applying the different criteria in clinical practice, the results should be confirmed in further studies comprising larger cohorts.
Adjuvant mitotane therapy is beneficial in non-metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma at high risk of recurrence
Authors: Calabrese A , Basile V , Puglisi S , Perotti P , Pia A , Saba L , Berchialla P , Porpiglia F , Veltri A , Volante M , Reimondo G , Berruti A , Terzolo M
Published: April 2019

Objective

Many patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) suffer from tumor recurrence despite radical surgery. Evidence on the post-operative use of mitotane is controversial and no predictors of response are available. We aimed to assess whether adjuvant mitotane treatment may prolong survival in patients with non-metastatic ACC following complete resection and whether ACC patients at high risk of recurrence may benefit from treatment.

Design and methods

We retrospectively reviewed data from 152 non-metastatic ACC patients followed at the San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital: 100 patients were treated with adjuvant mitotane and 52 patients were left untreated following surgery. We assessed a number of potential predictive factors of recurrence and death. Mitotane effect was explored stratifying patients by staging (stage I–II vs stage III), hormone secretion (yes vs no) and Ki67 index.

Results

The non-treated group had a higher risk of recurrence (HR: 2.79, 95%CI: 1.58–4.91; P < 0.001) than mitotane-treated group, while overall survival was not significantly different between groups. Hormone secretion, elevated Weiss score and elevated Ki67 index confer a higher risk of both recurrence and death and stage III ACC of death. Adjuvant mitotane treatment reduced significantly the risk of death in patients with elevated Ki67 index (P = 0.005) and in patients with stage III ACC (P = 0.02).

Conclusions

Adjuvant mitotane may prolong recurrence-free survival in radically resected ACC patients with acceptable toxicity and may also prolong overall survival in a subgroup of ACC patients at high risk of recurrence.
Prolactin and breast increase during pregnancy in PCOS: linked to long-term metabolic health?
Authors: Underdal Maria Othelie , Salvesen Øyvind , Schmedes Anne , Andersen Marianne Skovsager , Vanky Eszter
Published: April 2019

Objective

To explore whether gestational prolactin and breast increase are markers of metabolic health in pregnancy and on long-term, in PCOS.

Design

Follow-up study. Women with PCOS, according to the Rotterdam criteria (n = 239), former participants of the randomized controlled trial (RCT) PregMet were invited, 131 participated in the current follow-up study, at mean 8 years after pregnancy.

Methods

Metformin 2000 mg/day or placebo from first trimester to delivery in the original RCT. No intervention in the current study.

Prolactin was analyzed in the first trimester and at gestational week 32 and metabolic characteristics which are part of the metabolic syndrome and measures of glucose homeostasis were examined. Metabolic health was also evaluated according to breast increase versus lack of breast increase during pregnancy.

Results

Prolactin increase in pregnancy was negatively correlated to BMI (P = 0.007) and systolic blood pressure (P ≤ 0.001) in gestational week 32. Prolactin at gestational week 32 was negatively correlated to BMI (P = 0.044) and visceral fat area (P = 0.028) at 8-year follow-up in an unadjusted model. Prolactin at gestational week 32 showed no associations to metabolic health at follow-up when baseline BMI was adjusted for. Women who reported lack of breast increase during pregnancy, had higher BMI (P = 0.034), waist-hip ratio (P = 0.004), visceral fat area (P = 0.050), total cholesterol (P = 0.022), systolic (P = 0.027) and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.011) at 8-year follow-up.

Conclusion

High prolactin levels and breast increase in pregnancy were associated with a more favorable long-term metabolic health in women with PCOS. Both prolactin and breast increase may be mediated by gestational BMI.
The effects of adjuvant endocrine therapy on bone health in women with breast cancer
Authors: Ramchand Sabashini K , Cheung Yee-Ming , Yeo Belinda , Grossmann Mathis
Published: April 2019

In women with oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive early breast cancer, oestradiol is important for breast cancer development and progression. Endocrine therapy prevents the deleterious effects of oestradiol in breast tissue by systemically depleting oestradiol concentration (aromatase inhibitors) or preventing its local action in breast tissue (selective oestrogen receptor modulators i.e. tamoxifen), thereby improving oncological outcomes. Use of aromatase inhibitors in postmenopausal women and ovarian function suppression with either tamoxifen or aromatase inhibition in premenopausal women, consequent to systemic oestradiol depletion, exerts detrimental effects on skeletal health. The oestradiol-deficient state causes increased bone remodelling and a negative bone balance. This results in bone loss, microstructural deterioration and bone fragility predisposing to fractures. Similar effects are also seen with tamoxifen in premenopausal women. In contrast, use of tamoxifen in postmenopausal women appears to exert protective effects on bone but studies on fracture risk are inconclusive. The longevity of women with ER-positive breast cancer treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy emphasises the need to mitigate the adverse skeletal effects of these therapies in order to maximise benefit. In general, fractures are associated with increased morbidity, mortality and are a high socioeconomic burden. Whilst the efficacy of antiresorptive therapy in preventing bone mineral density loss in postmenopausal women has been established, further clinical trial evidence is required to provide guidance regarding fracture risk reduction, when to initiate and stop treatment, choice of agent and optimal management of bone health in premenopausal women receiving endocrine therapy. In addition, potential oncological benefits of antiresorptive therapies will also need to be considered.
Außenwirtschaftsrechtliche Investitionsprüfung – Anwendung der Erwerberkontrolle zum Schutz Kritischer Infrastrukturen im Finanzsektor
Authors: Böhm Clemens
Published: April 2019

Größere Beteiligungen an Unternehmen des Finanzsektors können nicht ohne ein staatliches Überprüfungsverfahren erworben werden. Neben dem finanzaufsichtsrechtlichen Inhaberkontrollverfahren ermöglicht auch die Investitionskontrolle nach den §§ 55 ff. der Außenwirtschaftsverordnung (AWV) eine Überprüfung des Erwerbers. Letztere haben die Bundesregierung und das Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) jedoch in zuletzt immer kürzer werdenden Abständen konkretisiert und verschärft. Im Zusammenspiel mit den ebenfalls ergänzten Regelungen zur Bestimmung Kritischer Infrastrukturen schafft das Außenwirtschaftsrecht so einen zweiten Ansatzpunkt, um die Eigentümerstruktur deutscher Finanzunternehmen einer staatlichen Kontrolle zu unterwerfen. Wie bereits für Inhaberkontrollverfahren vorgesehen, wurde zuletzt auch die Prüfeintrittsschwelle der außenwirtschaftsrechtlichen Investitionsprüfung für wichtige Sektoren auf 10 % der Stimmrechte abgesenkt. Der Beitrag nimmt diese Verschärfung zum Anlass, die Anwendung des so geschaffenen Kontrollregimes vor dem Hintergrund eines Beteiligungserwerbs im Finanzsektor zu erörtern und Unterschiede zum Inhaberkontrollverfahren aufzuzeigen.
Pedagogy and Innovation in Science Education: A Case Study of an Experiential Learning Science Undergraduate Course
Authors: Ng Yee Fai , Chan Kwan Kit , Lei Huey , Mok Phoebe , Leung Shing Yu
Published: April 2019

Experiential learning approaches are desirable in higher education for improving students’ learning experience. However, the effectiveness of implementing such an approach in an undergraduate science course is challenging. How do students develop scientific knowledge and skills through planning and implementing innovative activities for the targeted groups, and how do the implemented activities empirically contribute to theoretical frameworks? This paper discusses the design and implementation of an undergraduate experiential learning course for students from diverse science backgrounds. According to Kolb’s experiential learning approach, this course creates two major experiences for students: conceptual acquisition, and experience of design and implementation of innovative teaching and learning activities. This research investigates a science course aiming to develop student teachers’ ability to design and implement innovative activities in classes. A qualitative research design was adopted to analyse the implementation of experiential learning processes. Owing to the specialty and diversity of the participants involved, an intrinsic case study was conducted to holistically examine the course with a focus on the construction of scientific knowledge and pedagogical issues. Units of analysis involved a series of activities embedded into the course. Specific domains of pedagogical innovation such as Techno-Pedagogy were premeditated. One of the major findings reveals the development of a didactic protocol framing the implementation flow of the experiential learning process associated with emerging innovative teaching components. In short, it shows that the experiential learning approach demonstrates the crucial role of facilitating constructive learning for undergraduate students from various disciplines to develop innovative pedagogical and learning skills.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Treatment for a Woman with Bowel and Bladder Obsession
Authors: Bekirogullari Zafer , Koruşan Huriye
Published: April 2019

Changes in autonomic function which results from anxiety can lead to an urge to defecate or urinate. In some patients, an exaggeration in visceral sensations can be accompanied by obsession and catastrophic fears that the patient may imminently lose control of their bladder or bowel functioning. The condition, known as bowel/bladder control anxiety (henceforth BBCA) disorder can hurt the social quality of life. In this paper, a case of a woman with bowel/bladder control anxiety disorder is presented. The patient was treated using cognitive behavioral therapy (henceforth CBT) to manage her anxiety about the imminent loss of control of her bowel, which had pushed her to avoid traveling outside of her house. Treatment consisted of six sessions of CBT. At the end of the therapy, the patient reported increased confidence to go outside her home, suggesting that CBT could be useful in the management of bowel/bladder control anxiety disorders.
A tutela jurídica dos refugiados ambientais: o caso haitiano e o sistema interamericano de proteção aos direitos humanos
Authors: Mainardi Liczbinski Cátia Rejane , Dalla Riva Leura
Published: April 2019

Este artigo aborda a problemática envolvendo a tutela das pessoas deslocadas compulsoriamente, em especial os refugiados ambientais, isto é, aqueles que deixam seu local de origem ou residência em virtude de infortúnios ambientais, como desastres ou mudanças climáticas. Apresenta-se, a título exemplificativo, a realidade vivenciada pelos refugiados haitianos, sobretudo no contexto dos desastres ambientais ocorridos após 2010. Além disso, busca-se averiguar se existe e de que forma ocorre a proteção jurídica dessa categoria, destacando-se o papel desempenhado pelo Sistema Internacional de Proteção dos Direitos Humanos, com foco no Sistema Interamericano.
Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes in Children with Maxillofacial Vascular Tumors: Cohort Study
Authors: Zamyatina Irina A. , Bimbas Evgenia S. , Lvova Olga A.
Published: April 2019

Background. The variety of the clinical features of vascular tumors in the maxillofacial area limits the choice of method and is able to make difficulties in the treatment. The combined method of treatment proposed by the authors (vascular sclerotherapy with concurrent propranolol intake) demonstrates high efficacy, lack of invasiveness, shortening the rehabilitation period and less side effects. Objective. The aim of the study was to increase the effectiveness of conservative treatment of vascular tumors of the maxillofacial area in young children by combining the method of sclerotherapy and taking propronolol. Methods. In a cohort study, the results of treatment of 80 children aged 2 months to 2 years with vascular tumors of the maxillofacial region (ICD-10: D18.0) were evaluated. A comparison was made of the results in 2 groups of children who were treated with different methods: combined (n =40; main group; sclerotherapy and taking propranolol) and propranolol monotherapy (n =40; comparison group). Analysis of the data obtained in the main group and the comparison group led to the development of the criteria for evaluating the treatment results: good (regression of vascular tumors and the absence of a cosmetic defect), satisfactory (reduction of vascular tumors by 2/3 or more with maintaining cosmetic defect) and unsatisfactory (gross cosmetic defect) in terms of changes in the volume of tumor, the diameter of the supply vessels and the values of the linear velocity of blood flow according to ultrasound data. Results. Subjects treated by the combined treatment had a significant regression of vascular tumors in the maxillofacial area compared with the comparison group: reduction of the tumor volume, diameter of the supply vessels and linear blood flow velocity according ultrasound data reached zero after 6 months from the start of combined treatment — 6 months earlier than in the comparison group (p <0.001). Conclusion. According to the results of the study, the advantage of the author’s method over the traditional method was demonstrated, which resulted in a reduction in the duration of treatment, a decrease in the risk as well as in a degree of complications.
Life-Threatening Complications During Superselective Ophthalmic Arterial Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Martynov Leonid A. , Matinyan Nune V. , Belousova Ekaterina I. , Letyagin Ivan A. , Ushakova Tatyana L. , Polyakov Vladimir G.
Published: April 2019

Background. Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignant tumor in children. Substantial advances have been made in field of local treatment, in particular, through the development of selective intraarterial chemotherapy (SIAC). Life-threatening cardio-respiratory disorders were reported during the course of SIAC at the moment of a.ophthalmica catheterization. Objective. Our aim was to improve the safety and effectiveness of anesthetic management in children with retinoblastoma. Methods. The retrospective study included patients (n=203) who underwent SIAC (517) under general anesthesia in 2013–2018. Results. Hemodynamic parameters in patients who underwent SIAC procedure for the first time (211) were analyzed, in 186 (88%) cases, smooth anesthesia was observed, the deviations of blood pressure and heart rate did not exceed 20% of the baseline values. In 25 (12%) cases, patients who underwent the first SIAC procedure developed bronchospasm with a decrease in respiratory volume of up to 30% from the initial values 10–20 seconds after catheterization of a.ophthalmica with microcatheter. When analyzing hemodynamic parameters in patients who underwent repeated SIAC procedures (2nd, 3rd sessions, etc.) (306), in 177 (58%) cases, a clinical picture of the trigemino-pulmonary reflex of varying severity manifested. Conclusion. Severe cardio-respiratory complications are often observed during SIAC in children with retinoblastoma. These reactions occur predominantly during the second or subsequent procedures and can be potentially life-threatening. All patients with retinoblastoma who undergo SIAC should be considered at high risk.
NCDs
Authors: Herrick Clare
Published: April 2019

The global burden of mortality and morbidity attributable to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) now exceeds that of infectious disease. Yet, concern is mounting that global political prioritisation and action have stalled. The failure of NCDs to capture public and political imaginations has been ascribed to a number of reasons, with some recently contending that the very name of the disease classification is to blame. In this piece, I reflect critically on why discourse about NCDs has not compelled global action proportionate to the magnitude of the suffering these diseases cause. Failure to act on NCDs, I argue, is not a failure of terminology alone.
SICK
Authors: Yates-Doerr Emily
Published: April 2019

In the 1960s George Foster, a founding figure in medical anthropology, theorized that Indigenous communities adhered to the ‘Image of the Limited Good.” Accordingly, good things in life were limited, with the effect that one person’s good came at a cost to another. This photo essay challenges the Image of the Limited Good. I suggest that the people who spread this idea are not Indigenous but upper class and White politicians who deploy the idea of limits to bolster their racist agendas. I juxtapose the deaths of Indigenous children at the US border with the kindness my children encountered in Guatemala to illustrate how experiences are structured by racism, not limits. The essay concludes by asking what we can learn from Indigenous parents about how to replace the Image of the Limited Good with an Image of Abundance.
Remembering Deanna Jeanne Trakas (1943–2016)
Authors: Geest Sjaak van der
Published: April 2019

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Tüketici Düşmanlığının Ülke İmajı, Ürün Değerlendirme ve Yabancı Ürün Satın Alma İsteğine Etkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Sevgi Ayşe , ÖZATA Fatma Zeynep , EROL Fuat
Published: April 2019

Günümüzde küreselleşmenin de etkisiyle pek çok ülkede ve pek çok ürün grubunda tüketiciler yabancı menşeili ürün seçenekleriyle karşı karşıyadır. Bu durum tüketicilerin yabancı ürünlere yönelik satın alma istekleri, tüketici düşmanlığı ve ülke imajına yönelik pek çok araştırmaya yön vermektedir. Ancak literatürde halen bu yapıların birbirleriyle ilişkisine yönelik çelişkili sonuçlar olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışma tüketici düşmanlığının ülke imajı ve ürün değerlendirmesi üzerindeki etkilerini kolayda ve beğenmeli mallar açısından anlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla ortaya konan model lisans öğrencileri ile gerçekleştirilen bir anket çalışması ile test edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular ülke imajının insan boyutunun (GCA1) satın alma isteğine etkisi; tüketici düşmanlığı ve ülke imajının benzerlik boyutunun (GCA2) ise ürün değerlendirmesine etkisi noktalarında ürün grupları açısından farklılıklar olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca çalışma kapsamında, önceki çalışmaları doğrular nitelikte bir takım sonuçlar da elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada, elde edilen bulgular teorik ve pratik anlamda tartışılmıştır.
Bankacılıkta Kapasite Planlama: Şube Operasyon Faaliyetleri Üzerine Kavramsal Bir İnceleme
Authors: KARTAL Mustafa Tevfik
Published: April 2019

Türk Bankacılık Sektörü finansal göstergeler açısından büyümesini sürdürmektedir. Buna karşın son zamanlarda sektördeki personel sayısının azaldığı görülmektedir. Bu gelişmenin temelinde bankaların kapasite planlama faaliyetlerine ağırlık vermeleri ve atıl kapasiteleri tasfiye etmeleri yer almaktadır. Son zamanlarda artan önemi nedeni ile bankacılıkta kapasite planlamaya yönelik bu çalışma hazırlanmıştır. Söz konusu çalışma ile bankacılıkta kapasite planlamaya ilişkin kavramsal çerçevenin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Ek olarak, bankaların kapasite planlama faaliyetlerinde dikkat etmesi gereken hususlar vurgulanmış ve şube operasyon faaliyetleri üzerine bir kapasite planlama örneğine yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışma sonucunda, kapasite planlama faaliyetlerinin sağlıklı şekilde yürütülebilmesi ve bankaların bu faaliyetlerden fayda sağlayabilmeleri için bankalarda menfaat çatışması olmaksızın çalışacak merkezi kapasite planlaması bölümlerinin kurulması önerilmiştir. Türkiye’de bankacılıkta kapasite planlamaya yönelik çalışma bulunmadığından yapılan çalışma bu yönüyle öncü bir çalışma olma özelliği taşımaktadır.
US and the Arctic Region in the Era of Climate Change: A Brief Analysis of the Evolution of US Arctic Foreign Policy Since 2000s
Authors: ALTUNKAYA Emirhan
Published: April 2019

The objective of this paper is to
provide an updated analysis of the United States (US) foreign policy towards
the Arctic Region since the 2000s when the political, economic and security-related
significance of the region is growing due to the impacts of climate change. It
aims to analyze the development of the US foreign policy towards the region
under three respective (Bush, Obama, Trump) administrations and to reveal
differing priorities of three respective administrations. Therefore the
research question of the following paper is; "What constitutes the main
objectives of the US Arctic foreign policy in a climate-changed era and how has
it evolved since the 2000s under three administrations?" The method used
is a qualitative analysis of official policy and security documents,
administration’s engagement and positioning related to the region, but also
various reports published by think-tanks and experts to evaluate the US Arctic
foreign policy in the face of emerging challenges and opportunities.
Ahmet Mithat Efendi’de Sa’y U Amel Düşüncesi ve Râkım Efendi
Authors: DEMİR Kenan
Published: April 2019

19. yüzyılda Osmanlı Devleti iktisadi kalkınmayı gerçekleştirmek ve Avrupa devletlerin seviyesine ulaşmak için devlet öncülüğünde birçok girişimde bulunmasına karşın bundan gerekli başarıyı elde edememiştir. Bu nedenle ülkedeki iktisadi kalkınmanın teşebbüs-i şahsi doğrultusunda sa’y u amelle gerçekleşeceği inancı doğmuştur. Osmanlı aydınları dönemin basınında halka sa’y u amel psikolojisini aşılamak için yazılar yayımlanmıştır. Bu yazarlardan biri de Ahmet Mithat Efendi’dir. Ahmet Mithat iktisadi kalkınma için ülkenin çalışkan insanlara ihtiyacı olduğunun farkında olmuş ve yazılarında halkın memur olmaktan ziyade özel girişim faaliyetlerinde sa’y u amel etmesini istemiştir. Sa’y u amelle insanların sıfırdan birçok servete sahip olacaklarını romanlarında vurgulamıştır. Ahmet Mithat’ın başta Râkım Efendi olmak üzere roman karakterlerin çoğu özel teşebbüs tarzı işlerde sa’y u amelle maişetini karşılayan çalışkan tiplerdir. Ahmet Mithat’ta sa’y u amel vurgusu servet biriktiren ve para kazanma hırsı olan tiplerden ziyade kendi refahı ve toplumdaki diğer kişilerin refahını artıran kişiler olarak resmedilmiştir.
Sınıf Öğretmeni Adaylarının Bölme İşleminin Eşit Paylaşım ve Kayıp Çarpan Anlamlarına Odaklanan Problemleri Çözme Becerileri
Authors: DOĞAN COŞKUN Sümeyra , EV ÇİMEN Emre
Published: April 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının bölme işleminin eşit
paylaşım ve kayıp çarpan anlamlarına odaklanan problemleri çözme becerilerini
incelemektir. İç Anadolu Bölgesi’nde yer alan bir devlet üniversitesinin Sınıf
Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı’nda öğrenim gören 60 öğretmen adayı ile yürütülen bu
çalışmanın verileri, 8 problemden oluşan problem çözme testi ile toplanmıştır.
Öğretmen adaylarının problem çözümleri; Verschaffel, De Corte ve Lasure (1994)
tarafından geliştirilen çerçeve ile analiz edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda,
öğretmen adaylarının eşit paylaşım anlamına odaklanan bölme işlemi
problemlerine, kayıp çarpan anlamına odaklanan bölme işlemi problemlerine
kıyasla daha gerçekçi yanıtlar verdikleri görülmüştür
Syrian factor in foreign policy of Turkey (2003–2014 рр.)
Authors: Boyko Andriy
Published: April 2019

The article discusses the Turkish-Syrian relations during the period of 2003-2014 gg. The history of relations between the two countries has a deep and complicated history, in this article considers the newest part of it.

At the turn of the millennium there has been considerable progress and the development of bilateral relations, which have been caused by the coincidence of interests of the ruling elites associated with a desire to stabilize the situation in the Middle East region. After the beginning of civil war in Syria, a progressive deterioration in relations between the two countries began. The reason for this was the position of Ankara, which had supported demands of the Syrian opposition and opposed to the regime of President B. Assad. The events of the “Arab Spring” in the territory of the Syrian Arab Republic gave Turkey an opportunity to 57 demonstrate the potential of a regional leader, especially in the eyes of Western countries and the EU. Deteriorating situation in Syria, with time, became a threat to national security of the Turkish Republic, which was developed, for example, in the issue of refugees, terrorism and exacerbation of “the Kurdish problem.”

Till certain moment the government policy of Recep Erdoğan against Syria was bringing some dividends, for instance, the growth of the influence and authority of Turkey, both in the region and in the international arena. However, in the long term Ankara has failed to independently resolve the Syrian crisis.
The value of ratification of the European Charter of Local Self-Government in the reform of the municipal system of Ukraine
Authors: Kruglyak Dmytro
Published: April 2019

This article is designed to demonstrate the value of the ratification of The European Charter of Local Self-Government in the process of establishing and historical transformation of the Ukrainian model of the local self-government. We consider the prerequisites of appearance of political and legal discussion about municipal reform in Ukraine in 1990 – 1997.
USING ESCROW ACCOUNTS AND TARGET PROJECT EMISSIONS AS A NON-INFLATIONARY METHOD OF FINANCING INVESTMENT PROJECTS
Authors: Galushka A. S. , Niyazmetov A. K.
Published: April 2019

The article is devoted to the development of mechanisms for monetary policy aimed at accelerated economic growth in Russia. It proves the need for a differentiated approach to determining the conditions of access to financial resources for different categories of participants in economic relations. To finance investment projects, it was proposed to use the target project emission mechanism using escrow accounts. Particular attention is paid to the exclusion of risks of inflation. Thus, the target project issue mechanism allows creating an additional non-inflationary project and investment money channel in the economy, developing an approach underlying the modern multi-channel transmission mechanism of the monetary policy of the Bank of Russia.
Reforma trabalhista e a mudança de paradigma do negociado sobre o legislado
Authors: Ferrer Walkiria Martinez Heinrich , Oliveira Lourival José de
Published: April 2019

Seguindo a tendência de reestruturação do processo produtivo em termos mundiais, no mundo do trabalho as transformações produtivas justificaram em parte a necessidade de adequação da legislação trabalhista às novas condições de mercado, promovendo assim a flexibilização da normatização das relações de trabalho. Especificamente, no Brasil, a flexibilização nas relações trabalhistas foi objetivada pela reforma trabalhista, em vigor desde novembro de 2017. Por meio do método dedutivo e análise documental, o presente estudo demonstrou a mudança de paradigma adotado pela Reforma Trabalhista que foi promovida através da lei nº 13.467, de 17 de julho de 2017, em especial no que se refere aos acordos e às convenções coletivas de trabalho, que conflitaram com os principais vetores constitucionais, dentre os quais o valor trabalho humano, que se constitui um dos fundamentos da República, com a finalidade de propiciar a redução da desigualdade social por meio do trabalho.
A greve de fome e a alimentação forçada: a atuação do médico ante a autonomia da vontade do detento
Authors: Zaganelli Margareth Vetis , Teixeira Natália Coelho
Published: April 2019

O artigo tem por escopo a temática da greve de fome dos presidiários, relacionando-a à autonomia da vontade e aos limites impostos a ela. Aborda-se o papel dos médicos na garantia dos direitos dos grevistas e explicita-se a legislação contemporânea sobre esse assunto. Opta-se pela apresentação de diversas visões sobre o tema, de modo explicitar divergentes opiniões e aprofundar o entendimento do que seria dignidade humana. Fez-se uso do método descritivo, exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, utilizando pesquisas bibliográficas, baseadas em publicações científicas, reportagens e legislações nacionais e internacionais. O estudo adentra, ainda, a seara da autonomia da vontade, da dignidade humana e do direito à vida, ressaltando um contexto histórico que evidencia que, embora seja assunto discutido em tempo presente, encontra-se enraizado no passado e com olhar atento ao futuro.
Uma visão garantista sobre prova penal produzida de ofício pelo magistrado frente ao processo penal constitucional
Authors: Castaldelli Silva Valine , Ribas de Paulo Alexandre
Published: April 2019

Os contextos históricos tão diversos nos quais o Código de Processo Penal de 1941 e a Constituição Federal de 1988 estão inseridos permitem inferir de imediato o evidente descompasso entre os principais discursos legislativos pertinentes ao ius puniendi no Brasil. O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar as limitações constitucionais da prova penal produzida de ofício pelo julgador com fundamento na construção teórica do denominado processo penal constitucional. O método utilizado é o indutivo, a técnica de pesquisa é a revisão bibliográfica. Conclui-se o art. 5º, da Constituição em vigência, que trata dos direitos e garantias fundamentais do indivíduo, deveriam frear a atuação do magistrado em duplicar e dublar as funções do órgão acusador em busca de provas que evitem a absolvição dos acusados nas fases da persecutio criminis. Assim, a prova colhida com violação dos limites ético-jurídicos, especialmente contrários aos princípios do devido processo legal e a ampla defesa, merecem ser entendidas como obtidas por meio ilícito, e, por isso, devem ser inutilizadas no processo penal.
Horizontalidade social trans: o direito social à saúde dos transexuais nas relações entre particulares
Authors: Gomes Luiz Geraldo do Carmo , Lima Jairo Néia
Published: April 2019

O trabalho analisa o direito social à saúde em relação à população transexual e sua efetividade nas relações privadas. Os principais pontos discutidos na presente pesquisa dizem respeito à transexualidade como identidade de gênero; à teoria da eficácia horizontal dos direitos fundamentais; e à eficácia horizontal dos direitos sociais, especificamente. A partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica dedutiva,demonstrou-se que a esfera privada não é imune à normatividade presente dos direitos fundamentais e, por isso, podem ter eficácia nas relações em que o poder estatal não está presente. Além disso, concluiu-se que o direito social à saúde do transexual merece, por meio de atendimento médico que leve em conta suas peculiaridades de corpo e mente, ser reconhecido na esfera privada.