bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Mesomorphic Properties of 4‐((4‐n‐Alkoxy‐2, 3, 5, 6‐tetrafluorophenyl)ethynyl)phenyl Methoxy‐substituted Benzoates
Authors: Li Heng‐Feng , Yu Hong‐Bin , Liu Ke‐Gang , Wen Jian‐Xun
Published: September 2010

Two series of 4‐methoxybenzoate liquid crystals were synthesized. Their phase transition temperatures were also measured by texture observation in a polarizing microscope and confirmed by DSC. Their mesomorphic properties and fluoro‐substitute effect were studied in detail.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Addition Reaction of 1‐Octene, Carbon Tetrachloride and Carbon Monooxide in Alcohols
Authors: Sun Jun‐Hua , Jiang Huan‐Feng
Published: September 2010

In the presence of pyridine, the Pd‐catalyzed addition reaction of CO and CCI4 to 1‐octene could be carried out smoothly under mild conditions. In this reaction, the satisfactory results were afforded when different alcohols and palladium catalysts were used.
Molecular Recognition Studies on Modified Cyclodextrins
Authors: Liu Yu , You Chang‐Cheng
Published: September 2010

This account describes our research progress in recent years in the areas of the molecular recognition studies on modified cyclodextrins, including positively charged cyclodextrins, cyclodextrin derivatives with hydrophobic substituent, and dimeric cyclodextrins. Calorimetric titration and various spectrometric techniques were employed to determine the complex stability constants, as well as the thermodynamic parameters, for their inclusion complexation with diverse guest molecules. The results obtained have been discussed from the viewpoint of size/shape‐matching, induced‐fit, geometric compensation, and multiple recognition. Thermodynamically, the compensatory relationship between ΔH and TΔS was found to be exhibited in the inclusion complexation of modified cyclodextrin.
Reductive Cyclodimerization of α, β‐ Unsaturated Ketones Promoted by AlCl3/Sm System: A Facile Synthesis of 2‐Aroyl‐1,3,4‐triaryl Cyclopentanol Derivatives
Authors: Fan Xue‐Sen , Zhang Yong‐Min
Published: September 2010

Promoted by AlCl3/Sm bimetallic system, α, β‐unsaturated ketones underwent reductive cyclodimerization to afford cyclopentanol derivatives under mild conditions. The reaction is stereocontrolled and regioselective over the competitive carbon‐carbon double bond reduction.
Characterization and Activity of MnO/γ‐Al2O3 for Hydrogenation of Methyl Benzoate to Benzaldehyde
Authors: Xu Hua‐Long , Shen Wei , Yang Yong‐Tai
Published: September 2010

The activities of a MnO/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst for the selective reduction of methyl benzoate to benzaldehyde have been studied in a continuous flow reactor. Characterization of the catalyst has been conducted by XRD, XPS, NH3‐TPD and TPD‐IR. XRD and XPS results revealed that the steady state catalyst is mainly MnO2/γ‐AlO3 before reduction and MnO/γ‐Al2O3 after reduction. Monolayer dispersion capacity obtained by XPS method is about w (Mn)11.3% TPD‐IR results revealed that there are only L acidic centers on the catalytic surface. NH3‐TPD determinations have verified that the catalyst with a certain number of moderate strength acidic sites is advantageous to hydrogenation of methyl benzoate to benzaldehyde.
Evaluation of a Combined Quantum Chemical Method Used in Calculating OH Bond Dissociation Enthalpy
Authors: Sun You‐Min , Zhang Hong‐Yu , Chen De‐Zhan
Published: September 2010

OH bond dissociation enthalpies (BDE) for a variety of substituted phenols were calculated using a combined quantum chemical method. It is found that the calculated OH BDE correlated well with the recommended values, except for ortho‐tert‐butyl substituted phenols. For the electron‐donating group substituted phenols the calculated OH BDE are slightly higher than the recommended values, however, for the electron‐withdrawing group substituted phenols the calculated OH BDE are slightly lower than the recommended values.
Oscillations Produced From Acidity Hydrolysis of Triglyceride in Emulsion
Authors: He Zhan‐Bo , Qi Gang
Published: September 2010

A new type of oscillating reaction was found from the systematic design of the chemical oscillator in water in oil (W/O) emulsions. It is an acidity hydrolysis reaction of long chain triglyceride in W/O emulsion at 25.0 ± 0.1°C in a bath stirring reactor. During the process of reaction, there were periodic and semi‐periodic changes lasting more than 10 hours both in electrolytic conductivity and electric potential. Microscope also revealed that the emulsion structure changed regularly and quickly. Because of the large difference in the solubility of the hydrolyzed products, it could be thought, that the different redistribution in the two phases of water and oil induces the regular changes. Marangoni effect of interface membrane made oscillation to form. The oscillating reaction can be used to explain the periodic change in the living system produced from coupling between reaction and diffusion.
Solid‐state Asymmetric Reduction of ( S )‐1, 1′‐Bi‐2‐naphthol‐Acetylferrocene Molecular Compound with Sodium Borohydride
Authors: Du Hai‐Feng , Ding Kui‐Ling , Meng Ji‐Ben
Published: September 2010

A novel molecular crystal formed between enantiopure 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol and acetylferrocene has been prepared and characterized in this communication. The examination on its reduction with sodium borohydride showed that the asymmetric induction was observed in the solid state but not in the solution phase. The asymmetric induction in the solid‐state reduction may be attributed to the chiral microenvironment of molecular crystal.
Characterization of the Kinetic Phase Transition of Phospholipids Using Avrami and Tobin Models
Authors: Chen Lin , Yu Zh‐Wu , Xue Fang‐Yu , Hong Xiao‐Yin
Published: September 2010

Mechanism of the lamellar crystalline phase formation of distearoyl‐phosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE) dispersed in excess glycerol has been examined by differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that transformation of liquid‐crystal phase to a crystalline phase must be mediated by a lamellar‐gel phase. Further examination of the kinetic phase behavior using Avrami and Tobin models suggested a single dimensional growing pattern and a three‐step mechanism of the crystallization, consisting of nucleation, normal growth, and restricted growth.
Preparation of Dy‐ferrite Ferrofluids and Magnetochemical Studies on the Superparamagnetism
Authors: Hu Xian‐Luo , Xu Chao , Shen Qin , Chen Yi‐Wei , Zhao Hong , Zhu Chuan‐Zheng
Published: September 2010

This paper reports unprecedented preparation of Dy‐ferrite water‐based ferrofluids stabilized by polymeric surfactant PMAA. The stability of ferrofluids was characterized in terms of the equation of criterion for the stability of ferrofluids. Magnetic susceptibility was measured with a Faraday‐type magnetic balance at different temperature and with different magnetic field intensity. According to the Langevin function, superparamagnetism of Dy‐ferrite ferrofluids has been confirmed by the curves of saturation magnetization σ versus H/ T, and the blocking temperature is between 160 and 200 K. In terms of the simplified Langevin function in the low magnetic field, the average particle size is 20 nm that coincides with the result evaluated by FHMW. In addition, chemical analysis, infrared spectra and Mossbauer spectroscopy were utilized to analyze the main components of the ferrofluids.
Structure of Bischloro tris (1, 10‐phenanthroline) copper (II) Dichloromethane Solvate Nonahydrate: [Cu(phen)3]Cl2CH2Cl2·9H2O
Authors: Jian Fang‐Fang , Lin Jie‐Hua , Zhang Shu‐Sheng
Published: September 2010

The crystal and molecular structures of [Cu(phen)3] Cl2 · CH2Cl2.9H2O (PHEN= 1, 10‐pbenanthroline) have been determined by X‐ray crystallography. The complex crystallizes in triclinic system, space group P1, with lattice parameters a = 1.26000(3), b = 1.37525(4), c = 1.42750(3)nm, α = 85.2970(1),β = 66.8400(1), γ= 83.09(1)°, and Z = 2. The coordinated cations contain a six‐coordinated copper atom chelated by three PHEN ligands, and the Jahn‐Teller effect of the Cu(II) ion results in a distorted octahedral arrangement with the six CuN distances ranging from 0.2112(6) to 0.2265(7) nm. In addition to the copper coordinated cation, there are two chloride ions, one dichloromethane solvate and nine water molecules in its asymmetric unit. In the solid state, the title compound forms three dimensional network structures through hydrogen bonds. The intermolecular hydrogen bonds connect the [Cu(phen)3]2+, chloride ion, dichloromethane solvate and H2O moieties altogether.
Novel Synthesis of α‐Diketones from Bisbenzimidazolium Salt and Grignard Reagents
Authors: Shi Zhen , Lu Lin‐Gang , Yang Bing‐Qin , Guo Yuan
Published: September 2010

The reaction of bisbenzimidazolium salt with Grignard reagents and a new synthetic method of a‐diketones from bis‐benzimidazolium salt and Grignard reagents are reported. The structures of all a‐diketones are characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The influences of the various Grignard reagents on the yield of a‐diketones and the mechanism are discussed, and a new convenient synthetic method for a‐diketones is provided.
Physico‐chemical Properties and Bioactivities of a Glycoconjugate LbGp5B from Lycium barbarum L
Authors: Peng Xue‐Mei , Qi Chun‐Hui , Tian Geng‐Yuan , Zhang Yong‐Xiang
Published: September 2010

A glycoconjugate designated as LbGp5B was isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarian L. and purified to homogeneity by gel filtration. LbGpSB is composed of rhamnose (Una), arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal), glucose (Glc), galacturonic add (GalA) and seventeen amino adds. The molecular weight of LbGpSB was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time of fight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). The preliminary experiments showed that LbGpSB promoted splenocyte proliferation in mice and inhibited the peroxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL).
Ethylene Oligomerization Catalyzed by MCl2(PPh3)2 Complex‐es/Ethylaluminoxane
Authors: Qian Ming‐Xing , Zhang Yu‐Liang , He Ren
Published: September 2010

The catalytic properties of MCl2 (PPh3)2 (M = Fe, A; Co, B; Ni, C) in combination with ethylaluminoxane (EAO) as cocatalyst for ethylene oligomerization have been investigated. Treatment of the MCl2 (PPh3)2 complexes with EAO in toluene generated active catalysts in situ that are capable of oligomerizating ethylene to low‐carbon olefins. The catalytic activity and product distribution were affected by reaction condition, such as reaction temperature, the ratios of Al/M and the reaction time. The activity of 1.70 × 105 g oligomers/ (mol Co. h) for the catalytic system of CoCl2(PPh3)2 with EAO at 200°C was observed, with the selectivity of 91.1% to C4–10 olefins and 70.7% to C4–10 linear α‐olefins.
Study of 2‐Iodo‐3‐(phenylsulfinyl)‐2‐propen‐1‐ol and its Analogues by Self‐chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Fang , Guo Yin‐Long , Wei Qi , Ma Sheng‐Ming
Published: September 2010

The self‐chemical ionization (SCI) in quadrupole mass spectrometry was developed to determine the structure of (E)‐2‐iod‐3‐(phenylsulfinyl)‐2‐propen‐1‐ol and its 6 analogues. Some techniques that increase the sample quantity and heating speed and shorten vaporization time to obtain high pressure in the ion source were applied to increase the chance of ionmolecule reactions. The structures of these compounds were identified by mass spectral data of MH+ and some characteristic fragment ions. Compared with the mass spectra for 2‐iodo‐3‐(phenylsulfinyl)‐2‐propen‐l‐ols obtained in electron impact ionization (EI), SCI showed more information, in particular, an improvement in amount of information at the high mass area. The absence of reagent gas makes the spectrum clean and simple.
Structural and Spectral Studies on the Ni(II) Complexes of 1,5‐Diazacyclooctane (DACO) Bearing Heterocyclic Pendants: Formation of a Two‐dimensional Network via Hydrogen Bonds and π‐π Stacking Interactions
Authors: Du Miao , Xu Qiang , Guo Ya‐Mei , Weng Lin‐Hong , Bu Xian‐He
Published: September 2010

A penta‐coordinated Ni(II) complex with a 1,5‐diazacyclooctane (DACO) ligand functionalized by two imidazole donor pendants, [NiL1Cl] (ClO4) H2O (1) (where L1 = 1,5‐bis (imidazol‐4‐ylmethyl)‐l,5‐diazacyclooctane) has been synthesized and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectra, elemental analyses, conductance, thermal analyses and UV‐Vis techniques. Complex 1 crystallizes in triclinic crystal system, P‐l space group with a = 0.74782(7), b = 1.15082 (10), c = 1.23781(11) nm, α = 82.090(2), β = 73.011(2), γ = 83.462(2)°, V = 1.00603(16) nm3, M, = 486.00, Z = 2, Dc = 1.604 g/cm3, final R = 0.0435, and wR = 0.1244. The structures of 1 and its related complexes show that in all the three mononuclear complexes, each Ni(II) center is penta‐coordinated with a near regular square pyramid (RSP) to distorted square‐pyramidal (DSP) coordination environment due to the boat/chair configuration of DACO ring in these complexes, and the degree of distortion increases with the augment of the size of the heterocyclic pendants. In addition, the most striking feature of complex 1 resides in the formation of a two‐dimensional network structure through hydrogen bonds and stabilized by π‐π stacking. The solution behaviors of the Ni(II) complexes are also discussed in detail.
New Tolan‐type Liquid Crystals with 1, 3‐Dithiane Ring
Authors: Li Heng‐Feng , Liu Ke‐Gang , Wang Kan , Wen Jian‐Xun
Published: September 2010

Two new tolan‐type liquid crystalline (LC) materials, 2‐[4‐(4‐pentoxyphenyl)ethynylphenyl]‐5‐pentyl‐l,3‐dithiane (A) and 2‐[4‐(4‐pentoxy‐2, 3, 5, 6‐tetrafluorophenyl) ethynylphenyl]‐5‐pentyl‐1, 3‐dithiane (B) were synthesized and their mesomorphic behavior was determined. The 1, 3‐dithiane‐type compound A exhibits only nematic phase. The compound B, fluorosubstituted in the LC core, shows the same nematic phase range.
Study on the Reaction of Electron‐deficient Cyclopropane Derivatives with Amines
Authors: Chen Ya‐Li , Ding Wei‐Yu , Cao Wei‐Guo , Lu Cheng
Published: September 2010

Reaction of electron deficient cyclopropane derivatives cis‐1‐methoxycarbonyl‐2‐aryl‐6, 6‐dimethyl‐5, 7‐dioxa‐spiro‐[2,5]‐4,8‐octadiones (1a‐d) (X = CH3, H, Cl, NO2) with anilines (2a‐e) (Y = p‐CH3, H, p‐Br, p‐NO2, o‐CH3) at room temperature gives N‐aryl‐trans, trans‐α‐carboxyl‐β‐methoxycarbonyl‐γ‐aryl‐γ‐butyrolactams (3a‐p) in high yields with high stereoselectivity. For example, 1a (X= CH3) reacts with ammonia 4 or benzyl amine 5 at room temperature to give inner ammonium salt 6 or 7 in the yield of 83% or 97% respectively. The reaction mechanisms for formation of the products are proposed.
Novel intramolecular coordination chemistry of some new metallocene complexes
Authors: Qian Yan‐Long , Deng Feng‐Jiao , Li Feng‐Jun , Liu Yi , Liu Yu‐Wen , Wang Cun‐Xin , Liu Si‐Yang , Cao Ai‐Hua , Qu Song‐Sheng
Published: September 2010

The metabolic thermogenic curves of liver mitochondria isolated from the livers of Cyprinus Carpio vol and its parents were determined at 28°C by using an LKB‐2277 Bioactivity Monitor. The results indicated that their thermogenic curves are different The total heat output and total time of the metabolism of the liver mitochondria of the hybrid F1 (Cyprinus Carpio val) are more than those of its parents, and its maximum heat power is between that of the female parent and male parent. The relationship between their metabolic thermogenic curves and character of mitochondrial metabolism, and thermokinetics and the heterosis were analyzed and discussed. The character of the mitochondrial thermogenic curves reflected the physiologic character of heterosis. The microcalorimetric method proved to be a probable and sensitive tool for the assessment of heterosis.
Microcalorimetric studies on the mitochondria metabolism of Cyprinus Carpio val and its parents
Authors: Deng Feng‐Jiao , Li Feng‐Jun , Liu Yi , Liu Yu‐Wen , Wang Cun‐Xin , Liu Si‐Yang , Cao Ai‐Hua , Qu Song‐Sheng
Published: September 2010

The metabolic thermogenic curves of liver mitochondria isolated from the livers of Cyprinus Carpio vol and its parents were determined at 28°C by using an LKB‐2277 Bioactivity Monitor. The results indicated that their thermogenic curves are different The total heat output and total time of the metabolism of the liver mitochondria of the hybrid F1 (Cyprinus Carpio val) are more than those of its parents, and its maximum heat power is between that of the female parent and male parent. The relationship between their metabolic thermogenic curves and character of mitochondrial metabolism, and thermokinetics and the heterosis were analyzed and discussed. The character of the mitochondrial thermogenic curves reflected the physiologic character of heterosis. The microcalorimetric method proved to be a probable and sensitive tool for the assessment of heterosis.
Interaction of water‐soluble tetrakis‐(1‐methyl‐4‐pyridiniyl)‐porphyrin and CdS naonoparticles
Authors: Tian Chun‐Hong , He Xue‐Zhong , Shen Tao
Published: September 2010

The interaction between positively charged porphyrin TMPyP(4) (tetrakis‐(1‐methyl‐4‐pyridiniyl) porphyrin) and negatively charged surface of colloidal CdS nanoparticles has been studied by absorption spectrum, fluorescence spectroscopy, and time‐correlated single‐photon‐counting methods. Addition of CdS colloid to a TMPyP(4) solution leads to TMPyP(4) adsorption onto the surface of CdS colloid with an apparent association constant of 4643 L/mol. This adsorption results in distinct changes in absorption spectrum of TMPyP (4) and the quenching of its′ fluorescence, but the biexponential fluorescence decay changes hardly. Nearly 90% of the fluorescence of 5 × 10−6 mol/L TMPyP(4) can be quenched with 1.5 × 10−4 mol/L CdS colloid. These spectral changes are attributed to the formation of a certain form complex TMPyP(4)‐CdS.
Determination of constant‐volume combustion energy for the complexes of zinc nitrate with three amino acids
Authors: Gao Sheng‐Li , Chen San‐Ping , Hu Rong‐Zu
Published: September 2010

Five solid complexes of zinc with L‐α‐methionine, L‐α‐phenylalanine and L‐α‐histidine were prepared. The constant‐volume combustion energies of the complexes, ΔEc (coordination), were determined by a precise rotating bomb calorimeter at 298.15 K. They were ‐ 2969.03 ± 0.34, ‐2929.46 ± 1.59, ‐9597.13 ± 6.12, ‐4378.98 ± 3.27 and ‐14047 ± 6.75 kJ/mol, respectively. Their standard enthalpies of combustion, ΔHθm,c(coordination, s, 298.15 K), and standard enthalpies of formation, ΔHθm,f (coordination, s, 298.15 K), were calculated. They were ‐2959.73 ± 0.34, ‐2923.88 ± 1.59, ‐9649.18 ± 6.12, ‐4373.40 ± 3.27, ‐14048.53 ± 6.75 kj/mol and ‐1180.94 ± 0.92, ‐1401.26 ± 1.77, ‐2501.69 ± 6.50, ‐1381.47 ± 3.49, ‐1950.19 ± 7.65 kJ/mol, respectively.
Study on new typical ionic clusters K+ (KNO3)n and NO3‐(KNO3)m
Authors: Shi Lei , Liu Zhi‐Qiang , Song Feng‐Ri , Liu Shu‐Ying
Published: September 2010

The sample solution of KNO3 is ejected into the gas phase and the ionic dusters of K+(KNO3)n and NO3 (KNO3)m are formed and observed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS). Hie full mass spectra of both the positive ion and the negative ion show that the differences between each peak nearby are all about 101 (m/z), which correspond to the molecular weight of KNO3. The general formula of the ionic clusters can be assigned as K+(KNO3)n and NO3′‐(KNO3)m..
Theoretical study on the mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction between stannylene and ethylene or formaldehyde
Authors: Lu Xiu‐Hui , Zhai Li‐Min , Wang Ayi‐Xnan
Published: September 2010

The mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction of singlet stannylene and ethylene or formaldehyde has been studied by using density functional theory. The geometrical parameters, harmonic vibrational frequencies and energies of stationary points for potential energy surface are calculated by RB3LYP/3–21G* method. The results show that the two reaction processes are both two steps: (1) stannylene and ethylene or formaldehyde form an energy‐rich intermediate complex respectively, which is an exothermal reaction with no barrier; (2) two intermediate complexes isomerize to the product, respectively, with the barriers of these two reactions being 52.97 and 45.15 kJ/mol at RB3LYP/3–21G* level.
Catalysis of heteropoly acidic salts for synthesis of diethylene glycol ethyl ether with diethylene glycol and ethanol
Authors: Liu Jun‐Feng , Yi Ping‐Gui , Qi Yun‐Shi
Published: September 2010

Ag3PW12O40 and Ag4SiW12O40 showed high activity and stability in the synthesis of diethylene glycol ethyl ether with diethylene glycol and ethanol, on which the conversion is 80.2% and 78.4%, respectively, and the selectivity of diethylene glycol ether is 75.4% and 80.6%, respectively. After the third reaction cycle, Ag3PW12O40 and Ag4SiW12O40) still showed higher activity and selectivity, on which the conversion is 72. 6% and 77.5% respectively. But the activity of Ag3PMo12O40 is lower, the conversion is only 21.0%. IR, XRD, TG and n‐butylamine titrimetry showed that the catalysis may be connected with two kinds of acidic centers owned by heteropoly acidic salt.
Snx.Ti1‐xO2 solid solution catalysts for nitrogen oxide selective catalytic reduction by propene in presence of oxygen
Authors: Wei Ji‐Ying , Ma Jun , Zhu Yue‐Xiang , Cai Xiao‐Hai , Xie You‐Chang
Published: September 2010

A series of SnO2‐TiO2 binary oxide catalysts prepared by co‐current precipitation method was found to be a novel and good system for the selective catalytic reduction of NO by propene in the presence of oxygen with high activity and good selectivity to N2. The NO conversion to N2 over SnO2‐TiO2 oxide catalysts varied with SnO2 content and attainted a maximum at 65% over the catalyst with SnO2 content at 40wt% for a feed with 1186 ppm NO, 948 ppm propene and 2.23% O2, in He and a space velocity of 15000 h−1 at 350°C. The SnO2TiO2 catalysts could sustain moderate activity in the presence of 10% steam. Because of the identical valence and the similar radius of Sn4+ and Ti4+, SnO2‐TiO2 binary oxides can form solid solution in three different phases as proved by XRD, electron diffraction and TPR. Sn4+ is the main active species in the SnO2‐TiO2 catalysts, and it is enriched on the solid solution surface as tested by XPS analysis. H2‐TPR, NH3‐TPD and BET tests show that SnO2‐TiO2 solid solution can dilute SnO2 and suppress the activity of propene complete oxidation over SnO2. This may be beneficial to the reactivity enhancement of NO conversion.
Study on spline wavelet self‐convolution in filtering and resolving overlapped voltammetric signals simultaneously
Authors: Zhang Yong‐Qing , Mo Jin‐Yuan , Cai Pei‐Xiang
Published: September 2010

The normal distribution function is used as resolving factor and spline wavelet self‐convolution is used to resolve the overlapped peaks containing noise. The resolution of several kinds of overlapped peaks (SNR from 5 to 50) simulated by computer has been discussed in details. It is known that the overlapped peaks with noise can be separated (SNR > 50) directly and the noise is removed at the same time in time domain. Base‐line separation can be achieved. The relative errors of peak area and position are less than 5.0%. The satisfactory results are also obtained in resolving voltammetric overlapped signals by this method.
Flavonoids from the red alga Acanthophora spicifera
Authors: Zeng Long‐Mei , Wang Chao‐Jie , Su Jing‐Yu , Li Du , Owen Noel L. , Lu Yang , Lu Nan , Zheng Qi‐Tai
Published: September 2010

Two new flavonoids, acanthophorin A (1) and acanthophorin B (2), along with three known compounds tiliroside (3), (‐)‐catechin (4) and quercetin (5) were isolated from the red alga Acanthophora spicifera. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined to be kaempferol 3‐O‐α‐L‐fucopyranoside (1) and quercetin 3‐O‐α‐L‐fucopyranoside (2) by spectroscopic methods. Both 1 and 2 showed significant antioxidant activity.
Preparation of weak cation exchange packings based on monodisperse poly(chloromethylstyrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) particles and its chromatographic properties
Authors: Wei Yin‐Mao , Chen Qiang , Geng Xin‐Du
Published: September 2010

Monodisperse poly (chloromethylstyrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) particles were firstly prepared by a two‐step swelling method. Based on this media, one kind of weak cation ion exchange packings was prepared. It was demonstrated that the prepared packings have comparative advantages for biopolymer separation with high column efficiency, low interstitial volume and low column backpressure, and have good resolution to proteins. The effects of salt concentration and pH of mobile phase on protein retentions were investigated. The properties of the weak cation ion exchange packings were evaluated by the unified retention model for mixed‐mode interaction mechanism in ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography.
A novel CC bond cleavage reaction of 2, 2′‐pyridil in solution
Authors: Ren Rui , Yang Pin , Jin Xiang‐Lin
Published: September 2010

2,2′‐Pyridil reacted with CuCl2 to give C–‐C bond cleavage product (picolinate)2Cu, and its structure has been unambiguously confirmed by an X‐ray structural analysis.
A concise strategy for polymer‐supported regio‐oriented introduction of various building blocks onto glucopyranoside scaffold
Authors: Liao Yuna , Li Zheng‐Ming , Wong Henry N. C.
Published: September 2010

A new strategy was devised to stereo‐specifically introduce various building blocks, mainly heterocycles such as pyrimidines and triazines onto a multi‐hydroxy molecule. A glucopyranoside was chosen as a target scaffold. Two polymer‐based protective reagents were jointly integrated in the implementation of the strategy. It was found that in the α‐D‐glucopyranoside, which has four free hydroxyl groups within the same molecule, its 4, 6‐di‐OH could be simultaneously protected by polystyryl boronic acid, which left the 2, 3‐di‐OH free for substitution. Due to the steric effects within the molecule, the 2‐OH is much more liabile to electrophilic substitution. Thus the first and the second building blocks could be introduced regioselectively onto the 2‐OH and the 3‐OH positions. After a facile deprotection, the 4, 6‐di‐OH were left free and by application of a second protecting reagent–‐polystyryltritylchloride onto 6‐OH, a third building block was introduced onto the 4‐OH position. After further deprotection, the fourth building block was later introduced onto the 6‐OH position. The new strategy was successfully applied in the combinatorial synthesis by application of the split‐mix technique. The respective eleven small libraries were obtained and confirmed by HPLC‐MS and NMR. Some preliminary results on chemical structure/herbicidal activity relationship were discussed.
Asymmetric reduction of aminoketones with borane and chiral oxazaborolidine catalyst
Authors: Zhang Ya‐Wen , Shen Zong‐Xuan , Qin Hong‐Bing , Li Yong‐Hua , Yu Kai‐Bei
Published: September 2010

A group of α‐ and β‐N, N‐dialkyl amino ketones were reduced enantioselectively by 2 moles of borane‐tetrahydrofuran in the presence of 10 mol% of the in‐situ formed chiral oxazaborolidine, followed by diluted hydrochloric acid. The resulting amino alcohol‐borane complexes were treated with hydrogen chloride‐glycol‐methanol to give the optically active amino alcohol with the ee up to 99%.
Palladium‐catalyzed carbonylation of primary amines in supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Li Jin‐Heng , Jiang Huan‐Feng , Chen Ming‐Cai
Published: September 2010

The chemoselectivity of the palladium‐catalyzed carbonylation of amines was affected by the addition of MeOH in supercritical carbon dioxide. The results show different selectivity in supercritical carbon dioxide CO2(sc) from that in alcohol. Methyl carbamate and its derivatives were obtained in high yields in CO2(sc).
Sm°/Cat. I2 and SmI2 induced reductive coupling of nitriles with azides
Authors: Su Wei‐Ke , Li Yong‐Shu , Zhang Yong‐Min
Published: September 2010

The intermolecular reductive coupling of nitriles with azides induced by Sm°/Cat. I2 or SmI2 was studied. Aromatic and aliphatic amidines were prepared in moderate to good yields under neutral and mild conditions respectively.
Photoinduced hydrogen abstraction‐coupling reaction mechanism of Δ5‐steroids with substituted 1, 4‐benzoquinones via electron transfer pathways
Authors: Yang Cheng‐Gen , Jiang Zhi‐Qin , Zhu Dun‐Ru , Wu Shu‐Ping , Yang Li , Wu Long‐Min
Published: September 2010

The photochemical reaction between three A5‐steroids (1–3) and a series of substituted 1,4‐benzoquinones and their mechanistic study were reported. The reaction in nitrogen atmosphere led to the formation of three products including the steroid‐quinone coupling compound (A), 7‐hydroxy derivatives of Δ5‐steroids (B) and substituted 1, 4‐hydroquinone (C). Both chemical and spectrometric evidences such as UV‐Visible spectra, ESR, chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) verified that the title reaction underwent a predominant photoinduced electron transfer pathway via the triplet quinone.
A concise synthesis of antigenic factor 4 existing in Candida albicans
Authors: Zhu , Yu‐Liang , Chen Lang‐Qiu , Kong Fan‐Zuo
Published: September 2010

A concise synthesis of α‐Man1 → 2‐α‐Man1 → 3‐(α‐Man1 → 6)‐α‐Man1 → 2‐α‐Man1 → 2‐α‐Man1 → 2‐Man, the antigenic factor 4 existing in Candida albicans, was achieved via TMSOTf promoted condensation of the corresponding acylated tetrasaccharide donor with the trisaccharide acceptor.
Synthesis, characterization and cd spectra studies of chiral calixsalen complexes
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Ling , Gao Feng , Ruan Wen‐Juan , Zhu Zhi‐Ang , Chen Yun‐Ti
Published: September 2010

A chiral macrocyclic Schiff base ligand and its binuclear metal complexes of Fe, Co, Ni and Cu were synthesized by a modified method with 1,2‐diaminocyclobexane as the starting material, which is readily obtained. The characters of those complexes were studied by elemental analyses, MS, NMR, FT‐IR, UV‐Vis and CD (Circular Dichroism) spectra. Furthermore, the electronic absorption spectra and CD spectra properties of the chiral complexes were discussed.
Novel asymmetric total synthesis of (+)‐6‐epicastanospermine
Authors: Zhang Hong‐Xing , Xia Peng , Zhou Wei‐Shan
Published: September 2010

An asymmetric total synthesis of (+)‐6‐epicastanospermine was achieved in 13 steps and 19% overall yield from β‐hydroxy‐α‐furfurylamine derivative, which was prepared by Sharpless asymmetric aminohydroxylation of furyl acrylate.
Preparation of the Solid Electrolytes Li4+xAlxSi1‐xO4‐yAl2O3 by the Sol‐Gel Method and Study of Their Ionic Conductivity
Authors: Chen Ru‐Fen , Song Xiu‐Qin
Published: September 2010

The Li4+xAlxSi1‐xO4‐yAl2O3(x = 0 to 0.5, y =0 to 0.5) ion conductors were prepared by the Sol‐Gel method and examined in detail. The powder and sintered samples were characterized by TG‐DTA, XRD, SEM, and AC impedance techniques. The experimental results show that the conductivity and sinterability increase with the amount of excess Al2O3 in the silicate. The particle size of the powder samples is about 0.13 μm. The maximum conductivity at 18 °C. is 3.057 × 10−5 s/cm for Li4.4Al0.4Si0.6O4‐0.3 Al2O3.
Synthesis of Polyacrylaminothiourea Chelating Fiber and Properties of Concentration and Separation of Trace Noble Metal Ions from Samples
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhao Jian‐Guo , Gong Bo‐Lin , Sun Yan‐Pu
Published: September 2010

A novel polyacrylaminothiourea chelating fiber was synthesized simply and rapidly from nitrilon (an acrylonitrile‐based synthetic fiber), which was applied to preconcentrate and separate of trace amount of Au(III), Pt(IV), Pd(IV) and Ir (IV) ions from solution of samples. The analyzed ions can be quantitatively concentrated by the fiber up to a flow rate of 20.0 mL/min at pH2, and can also be desorbed with 15 mL of 4 mol/L HCl + 3% thiourea from the fiber column with recoveries of 96.5%‐100%. The chelating fiber can be reused for ten times, the recoveries of these ions are still over 92%, and hundred to thousand times of excess of Fe(III), Al(III), Ca(II), Mg(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd (II) cause no interference on the determination of the analyzed ions by inductively‐coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES). The static saturation adsorption capacities of the fiber for the analytes are in the range of 1.15‐2.80 mmol/g. The relative standard deviations for the determination of 20.0 ng/mL each of Au(III), Pt(IV), Pd(IV) and Ir (IV) are in the range of 0.7%‐3.0%. The recoveries for test from standard additions to real solution samples are between 96% and 100%. The concentration of each ion in powder sample detected by the method is in good agreement with the certified value.
Synthesis of Cyanobenzaldehydes (m‐, o‐, p‐) by Molecular Oxygen Oxidation Methods
Authors: Zhang Ling‐Yue , Yang Fan , Zhu Hua‐Ping , Tang Jie , He Ming‐Yuan
Published: September 2010

Cyanobenzaldehydes (m‐, o‐, p‐) were synthesized by oxidation of corresponding tolunitriles with molecular oxygen, catalyzed by cobalt acetate and sodium bromide.
Facile Preparation of Homoallyl β',γ'‐Unsaturated Amines via 1, 2‐Addition of α, β‐Unsaturated Imines with Allylsamarium Bromide
Authors: Chen Jue , Zhang Yong‐Min
Published: September 2010

A series of homoallyl β',γ'‐unsaturated amines were synthesized via 1,2‐addition of α,β‐unsaturated imines with allylsamarium bromide in excellent yields under mild and neutral conditions.
Immobilization of Pd(n) Catalysts for Cyclopropanation in Ionic Liquid
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhang Yang‐Ming , Qiu Wen‐Wei , Tang Jie , He Ming‐Yuau
Published: September 2010

Cyclopropanation of styrene with ethyl diazoacetate catalyzed by Pd(II) in ionic liquid [omim][BF4] was investigated. Palladium catalysts can be effectively immobilized in ionic liquid. The catalysts PdCl2 and cyclopalladated complex 2 contained in ionic liquid could be recycled for 6 and 7 times, respectively, without losing the efficiency.
Perylene Nanoparticles Prepared by Reprecipitation Method
Authors: Ji Xue‐Hai , Fu Hong‐Bing , Xie Rui‐Min , Xiao De‐Bao , Yao Jian‐Nian
Published: September 2010

Perylene nanoparticles with different sizes were prepared by reprecipitation method. It is found that the nanoparticles show size‐dependent optical property. Electron diffraction patterns indicate that all the nanoparticles of different sizes are in crystalline state. The rapid growth of the nanoparticles during the aging process could be slowed down effectively by the addition of cationic or anionic surfactants.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Dopamine by Ferrocene in Lipid Film Cast on a Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Wang Jian‐Guo , Wu Zheng‐Yan , Tang Ji‐Lin , Teng Ren‐Rui , Wang Er‐Kang
Published: September 2010

The ferrocene‐lipid film electrode was successfully prepared by means of casting the solution of ferrocene and lipid in chloroform onto a glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface. Ferrocene saved in the biological membrane gave a couple of quasi‐reversible peaks of cyclic voltammogram. The electrode displays a preferential electrocatalytic oxidation of dopamine (DA). The effect of electrocatalytic oxidation of DA depends on the solution pH and the negative charge lipid is in favor of catalytic oxidation of DA. The characteristic was employed for separating the electrochemical responses of DA and ascorbic acid (AA). The electrode was assessed for the voltammetric differentiation of DA and AA. The measurement of DA can be achieved with differential pulse voltammetry in the presence of high concentration of AA. The catalytic peak current was proportional to the concentration of DA in the range of 1 × 10−4–3 × 10−3 mol/L.
Effects of Self‐coiling of Organic Molecules on Intramolecular Exciplex Formation and Fluorescence Quenching in DX‐H2O Solvent System
Authors: Chen Ying‐Qi , Li Zhan‐Ting , Wang Xiao‐Zhong , Jiang Xi‐Kui , Shi Ji‐Liang , Shi Min
Published: September 2010

Effects of self‐coiling of organic molecules on intramolecular exciplex formation of compound I, in which the carbazole chromophore and terephthalic acid methylester acceptor group are linked by one (CH2)10 chain, and the decrease of the fluorescence intensities of compounds II, III, and IV, in which the carbazole chromophore and 3,5‐dinitrobenzoate are connected by one aliphatic chain of (CH2)10 (II), (CH2)12 (III), or (CH2)4 (IV), have been studied in the dioxane(DX)‐H2O binary system. The results show that self‐coiling of organic molecules in DX‐H2O facilitates intramolecular exciplex formation of I and induces the decrease of fluorescence intensities of II, because of the proximity effect brought about by self‐coiling of organic molecules under hydrophobic‐lipophilic interaction (HLI) between the excited carbazole chromophore and the acceptor. Since the similar effects are observed even when the concentrations of the probes are less than their CAgCs (critical aggregate concentrations) in the DX‐H2O mixture with the same ϕ values, formation of the intermolecular exciplex has been excluded. The effects are found to be strongly depended on ϕ values, indicating that they are mainly driven by HLI. The properties of the acceptors can also affect the intramolecular exciplex formation. With terephthalic add methylester moiety as the acceptor, the carbazole chromophore exhibits the fluorescence spectra of the exciplex, while with 3,5‐dinitrobenzoate moiety as the acceptor, only the fluorescence spectra of excited carbazolyl chromophore are observed.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of 4‐Amino‐3‐(1‐aryl‐5‐methyl‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl) ‐5‐mercapto‐1, 2,4‐triazoles/2‐ Amino‐5‐(1‐aryl‐5‐methyl‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles and Their Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Yan , Sun Xiao‐Wen , Hui Xin‐Ping , Zhang Zi‐Yi , Wang Qin , Zhang Qi
Published: September 2010

Treatment of 4‐amino‐3‐(1‐aryl‐5‐methyl‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)‐5‐mercapto‐1, 2,4‐triazoles/2‐amino‐5‐(1‐aryl‐5‐methyl‐1,2, 3‐triazol‐4‐yl)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles with benzaldehyde, acetone and ω‐bromoacetophenone was tested and compared. The title compounds Schiff bases, amides, imidazolo[2, 1‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles and 7H‐s‐triazolo [3, 4‐b]‐1, 3, 4‐thiadiazines have been confirmed by elemental analyses, 1H NMR, IR and MS spectra. All the compounds have also been screened for their antibacterial activities against B. subtilis, S. aureus and E. coli.
Two‐dimensional Network Crown Ether Complex. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 18‐Crown‐6 Complex: [K(18‐C‐6)]2[Cd‐(mnt)2]
Authors: Wang Da‐Qi , Yu Qing‐Jiang , Dou Jian‐Min
Published: September 2010

The novel complex [K(18‐C‐6)]2[Cd(nmt)2] [18‐C‐6=18‐crown‐6, mnt = 1, 2‐dicyanoethene‐1, 2‐dithiolate, C2S2‐(CN)]2−2] was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The complex displays two‐dimensional network structure of [K(18‐C‐6)] complex segments and [Cd(mnt)2] complex segment bridged by S‐K‐S, S‐K‐N and N‐K‐N interactions between adjacent [K(18‐C‐6)] and [Cd(mnt)2] units.
Reductive Cleavage of the Te—Te Bond in Diphenyl Ditelluride by the Sm/CrCl3(cat.) System; Preparation of Telluroesters and Unsymmetrical Phenyltellurides
Authors: Liu Yun‐Kui , Zhang Yung‐Min
Published: September 2010

The reduction of diphenyl ditelluride by the Sm/CrCl3 (cat.) system led to a telluride anion. This species reacted with acid chlorides, alkyl halides, and α,β‐unsaturated enoates or α,β‐unsaturated ene nitrites to afford telluroesters and unsymmetrical phenyltellurides, respectively, in moderate to good yields under mild and neutral conditions.
Theoretical Study on Intermolecular Interactions and Thermodynamic Properties of Nitroamine Dimers
Authors: Ju Xue‐Hai , Xiao He‐Ming
Published: September 2010

Ab initio self‐consistent field (SCF) and Møller‐Plesset correlation correction methods employing 6‐31G* * basis set have been applied to the optimizations of nitroamine dimers. The binding energies have been corrected for the basis set superposition error (BSSE) and the zero‐point energy. Three optimized dimers have been obtained. The BSSE corrected binding energy of the most stable dimer is predicted to be ‐31.85 kJ/mol at the MP4/6‐31G* * /MP2/6‐31G* * level. The energy barriers of the Walden conversion for ‐ NH2 group are 19.7 kJ/mol and 18.3 kJ/mol for monomer and the most stable dimer, respectively. The molecular interaction makes the internal rotation around N1 ‐ N2 even more difficult. The thermodynamic properties of nitroamine and its dimers at different temperatures have been calculated on the basis of vibrational analyses. The change of the Gibbs free energy for the aggregation from monomer to the most stable dimer at standard pressure and 298.2 K is predicted to be 14.05 kJ/mol.
A Nitrilotriacetate Bridged Heteronuclear Co (II)‐Na (I) Polymer: {[CoNa (NTA) (H2O)3] · 2H2O}n
Authors: Hu Mao‐Lin , Lin Juan‐Juan , Miao Qian , Xiong Yi
Published: September 2010

A novel Co (II) ‐ Na (I) heterometallic coordination polymer {[CoNa (NTA) (H2O)3] · 2H2O}n (NTA = nitrilotriacetate) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and X‐ray diffraction study. The electrochemical behavior in aqueous solution was measured by cyclic voltammetry, indicating a quasi‐reversible process. The complex crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with the cell parameters a = 1.47276 (3) nm, b = 0.97280 (3) nm, c = 1.92946 (6) nm, V = 2.76434 (13) nm3, Z = 8. In the title complex, there are two kinds of zigzag chains which interconnect together to form 2D network. One stretches along the b‐axis, comprising Co (II) ions, the other stretches along the c‐axis, comprising Na (I) ions.
New Supramolecular Complex Assembled through Hydrogen Bonds. Crystal Structure of Co (PMBP‐tsc)2 · 2DMF · 2H2O
Authors: Liu Lang , Jia Dian‐Zeng , Qiao Yong‐Min , Yu Kai‐Bei
Published: September 2010

The structure of the complex [Co (PMBP‐tsc)2 · 2DMF · 2H2O] (PMBP‐tsc = l‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐4‐benzoylpyrazol‐5‐one‐thio‐semicarbazone) has been determined by X‐ray crystallography. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pna21, with lattice parameters a = 2.1170 (3) nm, b = 1.2780 (10) nm, c = 1.8956 (2) nm, V = 4.5258 (9) nm3 and Z = 4. The structure shows that Co2+ in the complex is hexa‐coordinated with a distorted octahedral coordination sphere. The water molecules bridge the adjacent stacks through hydrogen bonds and lead to supramolecular formation with three‐dimensional network structure.
Synthesis, Structure and Magnetic Properties of a Diphenoxo‐bridged Binuclear Copper (II) Complex
Authors: Xie Yong‐Shu , Jiang Hui , Xu Xiao‐Long , Liu Qing‐Liang , Du Chen‐Xia , Zhu Yu
Published: September 2010

A mixed‐ligand copper (II) complex [Cu2 (phen)2 (HL1)2] ‐ (ClO4)2 (I) was synthesized. X‐ray analyses reveal that 1 has a bis (μ2‐phenoxo)‐bridged dicopper (II) structure. 2D hydrogen‐bonded network is formed utilizing the N‐H, O‐H and C‐H groups of the (HL1)− ligands (H2L1 = N‐(2‐hydroxybenzyl) ethanolamine), the C‐H groups of the phenanthrolines and the perchlorate anions. Variable temperature magnetic properties of 1 have shown comparatively weak antiferromagnetic interactions with respect to the bridge angles, which have been ascribed to the unfavorable overlaps of the magnetic orbitals for the highly distorted copper coordination polyhedra and the pyramidal distortions at the phenoxo oxygen atoms.
Indium Mediated Conjugate Addition of Allyl Bromide to Nitroalkenes in DMF‐H2O Media
Authors: Zhang Ji‐Ming , Zhang Yong‐Min
Published: September 2010

Allylindium bromide prepared by metallic indium and allyl bromide was added to nitroalkenes to give conjugate addition compounds in moderate to good yields in an aqueous media.
The Reference Manure Concept for Transformation Tests of Veterinary Medicines and Biocides in Liquid Manure
Authors: Kreuzig Robert
Published: September 2010

Veterinary medicines and biocides are frequently applied in animal houses of livestock husbandry. Due to these application patterns, they reach liquid manure. So far these substances are not transformed during manure storage, they enter soil by the application of manure as organic fertilizer. Therefore, biodegradability of veterinary medicines and biocides in manure is in the focus of regulatory procedures of environmental risk assessment. Since the representative and reproducible sampling of manures from high volume tanks is considered impossible due to high matrix variabilities, the reference manure concept was developed to utilize liquid bovine and pig manures for reproducible laboratory testing. Accordingly, excrement samples of cattle and pigs individually kept at experimental and conventional animal houses were taken. Tap water was added to matrix characterized excrements in order to prepare bovine and pig reference manures of 10 and 5% dry substance contents, respectively. Subsequently, the long‐term transformation of selected 14C‐labeled test substances was investigated under strictly anaerobic conditions. The application of different batches of bovine or pig reference manures indicated that extrapolation of transformation rates within the same animal species was possible. However, results cannot be transferred from bovine to pig manure because of substance specific interactions with the different manure matrices. The dependency of metabolic dynamics on different dry substance contents (2.5, 5, 10%) was additionally investigated in both manure matrices. These tests clearly showed that the dry substance content of the reference manure is one of the most relevant factors affecting the transformation of veterinary medicines and biocides. In contrast to highly variable tank manures, the reference manure concept allows for the exact adjustment of this parameter to guarantee reproducible laboratory testing.
The Annual Characteristics of Rainwater HCHO in Guiyang City, Southwest of China
Authors: Gang Xu , HongBo Shao , XinQing Lee , YingChun Lv
Published: September 2010

HCHO is ubiquitous and important chemical constitutes in the troposphere. The concentrations of the HCHO (aq) in the rainwater were measured in the Guiyang city, southeastern of China from May 2006 to April 2007 and 153 discrete samples were collected. Rainwater (N = 151) HCHO (aq) concentrations ranged from lower than method detection limit (MDL) to 40.2 µmol/L with a volume weighted mean value of 7.4 ± 8.8 µmol/L. The strong correlations between HCHO (aq) and HCOO− (r = 0.69, n = 137), HCHO (aq) and nss‐${\rm SO}_{{\rm 4}}^{{\rm 2 - }} $ (r = 0.74, n = 137), HCHO (aq) and ${\rm NO}_{{\rm 3}}^{{\rm - }} $ (r = 0.67, n = 137), HCHO (aq) and ${\rm NH}_{{\rm 4}}^{{\rm + }} $ (r = 0.74, n = 133) suggest the significant influence of the anthropogenic input for the HCHO (aq) levels. The concentration levels of rainwater HCHO (aq) was inversely proportional to the amount of rainfall, indicating the below‐cloud process is the most important mechanism for rainwater HCHO (aq) scavenging processes. More than 70% of the HCHO (aq) wet deposition took place during the early stage of the rainfall. According to the air mass back‐trajectory analysis, the rainwater with industrial back‐trajectories coming from the north had the highest levels of HCHO (aq) while the rainwater with the green‐covered or marine back‐trajectories from the southeast had the lowest concentrations, and this indicate the HCHO (aq) originated from urban or industrial regions served as an important source of the rainwater. The annual HCHO (aq) wet deposition flux was calculated as 6.96 mmol/m2 per year and the total deposition flux was estimated as 24.35 mmol/m2 per year, 71.4% of which was dominated by dry deposition.