bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visualization of air flow around soccer ball using a particle image velocimetry
Authors: Hong Sungchan , Asai Takeshi , Seo Kazuya
Published: October 2015

A traditional soccer ball is constructed using 32 pentagonal and hexagonal panels. In recent years, however, the likes of the Teamgeist and Jabulani balls, constructed from 14 and 8 panels, respectively, have entered the field, marking a significant departure from conventionality in terms of shape and design. Moreover, the recently introduced Brazuca ball features a new 6-panel design and has already been adopted by many soccer leagues. However, the shapes of the constituent panels of these balls differ substantially from those of conventional balls. Therefore, this study set out to investigate the flight and aerodynamic characteristics of different orientations of the soccer ball, which is constructed from panels of different shapes. A wind tunnel test showed substantial differences in the aerodynamic forces acting on the ball, depending on its orientation. Substantial differences were also observed in the aerodynamic forces acting on the ball in different directions, corresponding to its orientation and rotation. Moreover, two-dimensional particle image velocimetry (2D-PIV) measurements showed that the boundary separation varies depending on the orientation of the ball. Based on these results, we can conclude that the shape of the panels of a soccer ball substantially affects its flight trajectory.
The role of miR-19b in the inhibition of endothelial cell apoptosis and its relationship with coronary artery disease
Authors: Tang Yong , Zhang Ya-chen , Chen Yu , Xiang Yin , Shen Cheng-xing , Li Yi-gang
Published: October 2015

The biological effects of microRNAs (miRNAs) and TNF-α in atherosclerosis have been widely studied. The circulating miR-17-92 cluster has been recently shown to be significantly downregulated in patients with injured vascular endothelium. However, it remains unclear whether the miR-17-92 cluster plays a significant role in vascular endothelial repair. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the miR-17-92 cluster and TNF-α-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. We determined that the down-regulation of miR-19b level among patients with coronary artery disease was consistent with miRNA expression changes in endothelial cells following 24 h of TNF-α treatment. In vitro, the overexpression of miR-19b significantly alleviated the endothelial cells apoptosis, whereas the inhibition of miR-19b significantly enhanced apoptosis. The increased levels of Afap1 and caspase7 observed in our apoptosis model could be reduced by miR-19b and this effect could be due to miR-19b binding 3′-UTRs of Afap1 and caspase7 mRNA. Therefore our results indicate that miR-19b plays a key role in the attenuation of TNF-α-induced endothelial cell apoptosis and that this function is closely linked to the Apaf1/caspase-dependent pathway.
Expression analysis in a rat psychosis model identifies novel candidate genes validated in a large case–control sample of schizophrenia
Authors: Ingason A , Giegling I , Hartmann A M , Genius J , Konte B , Friedl M ,   Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC), Ripke S , Sullivan P F , St. Clair D , Collier D A , O'Donovan M C , Mirnics K , Rujescu D
Published: October 2015

Antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor induce psychosis in healthy individuals and exacerbate schizophrenia symptoms in patients. In this study we have produced an animal model of NMDA receptor hypofunction by chronically treating rats with low doses of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801. Subsequently, we performed an expression study and identified 20 genes showing altered expression in the brain of these rats compared with untreated animals. We then explored whether the human orthologs of these genes are associated with schizophrenia in the largest schizophrenia genome-wide association study published to date, and found evidence for association for 4 out of the 20 genes: SF3B1, FOXP1, DLG2 and VGLL4. Interestingly, three of these genes, FOXP1, SF3B1 and DLG2, have previously been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Brain structure, cognition and negative symptoms in schizophrenia are associated with serum levels of polysialic acid-modified NCAM
Authors: Piras F , Schiff M , Chiapponi C , Bossù P , Mühlenhoff M , Caltagirone C , Gerardy-Schahn R , Hildebrandt H , Spalletta G
Published: October 2015

The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is a glycoprotein implicated in cell–cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth and synaptic plasticity. Polysialic acid (polySia) is mainly attached to NCAM (polySia-NCAM) and has an essential role in regulating NCAM-dependent developmental processes that require plasticity, that is, cell migration, axon guidance and synapse formation. Post-mortem and genetic evidence suggests that dysregulation of polySia-NCAM is involved in schizophrenia (SZ). We enrolled 45 patients diagnosed with SZ and 45 healthy individuals who were submitted to polySia-NCAM peripheral quantification, cognitive and psychopathological assessment and structural neuroimaging (brain volumes and diffusion tensor imaging). PolySia-NCAM serum levels were increased in SZ patients, independently of antipsychotic treatment, and were associated with negative symptoms, blunted affect and declarative memory impairment. The increased polySia-NCAM levels were associated with decreased volume in the left prefrontal cortex, namely Brodmann area 46, in patients and increased volume in the same brain area of healthy individuals. As this brain region is involved in the pathophysiology of SZ and its associated phenomenology, the data indicate that polySia-NCAM deserves further scrutiny because of its possible role in early neurodevelopmental mechanisms of the disorder.
Structure and solubility behaviour of zinc containing phosphate glasses
Authors: Kanwal N. , Toms H. , Hannon A. C. , Perras F. A. , Bryce D. L. , Karpukhina N. , Abrahams I.
Published: October 2015

The structural role of Zn and its effect on solubility in phosphate based bioglasses is investigated.
The role of vibrational spectroscopy as a tool to assess economically motivated fraud and counterfeit issues in agricultural products and foods
Authors: Cozzolino D.
Published: October 2015

One of the main food risks gaining attention from industry, governments, and standards-setting organizations is fraud conducted for economic gain by food producers, manufacturers, processors, distributors, or retailers.
Stimuli-responsive polymersomes for cancer therapy
Authors: Thambi Thavasyappan , Park Jae Hyung , Lee Doo Sung
Published: October 2015

This review focuses on stimuli-responsive polymersomes for cancer therapy, which can be disintegrated by recognizing the specific environments of cancer (e.g., low pH, bioreductive environment, over-expressed enzymes,etc.).
Reaction and degradation mechanism in all-solid-state lithium–air batteries
Authors: Kitaura Hirokazu , Zhou Haoshen
Published: October 2015

The reaction and degradation mechanism of the all-solid-state Li–air cell during the first discharge–charge process in air atmosphere was investigated.
Epitaxial growth and thermoelectric properties of c-axis oriented Bi1−xPbxCuSeO single crystalline thin films
Authors: Wu Xiaolin , Wang Jiang-Long , Zhang Hongrui , Wang Shufang , Zhai Shengjun , Li Yaguang , Elhadj Dogheche , Fu Guangsheng
Published: October 2015

Enhanced thermoelectric performance of c-axis oriented Bi1−xPbxCuSeO single crystalline thin films.
Synthesis of hierarchical ZnO/ZnFe2O4 nanoforests with enhanced gas-sensing performance toward ethanol
Authors: Ma Jian , Cai Yaxin , Li Xiaowei , Yao Shiting , Liu Yang , Liu Fengmin , Lu Geyu
Published: October 2015

Hierarchical ZnO/ZnFe2O4 nanoforests with ZnO backbones and ZnFe2O4 nanosheets were successfully prepared by a facile two-step process.
Electronic structures of in-plane two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenide heterostructures
Authors: Wei Wei , Dai Ying , Sun Qilong , Yin Na , Han Shenghao , Huang Baibiao , Jacob Timo
Published: October 2015

In-plane two-dimensional MoS2/WS2 and MoSe2/WS2 heterostructures have been identified to show type-II band alignment and interface band bending.
Development of deep subsurface Raman spectroscopy for medical diagnosis and disease monitoring
Authors: Matousek Pavel , Stone Nicholas
Published: October 2015

The advent of non-invasive deep Raman techniques heralds the emergence of novel diagnostic and disease monitoring methods.
Visible light mediated photoredox reactions catalyzed by recyclable PIB-bound ruthenium photoredox catalysts
Authors: Liang Yannan , Bergbreiter David E.
Published: October 2015

The synthesis and applications of a recyclable heptane phase selectively soluble polyisobutylene-bound [Ru(PIB-bpy)3Cl2] photoredox catalyst are described.
The mechanism of a self-assembled Pd(ferrocenylimine)–Si compound-catalysed Suzuki coupling reaction
Authors: Liu Hui , Li Tiesheng , Xue Xiaoxia , Xu Wenjian , Wu Yangjie
Published: October 2015

A SAM of Pd(FcL)–Si as a highly active and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for Suzuki coupling reaction.
Spectroelectrochemistry of tris(bipyridyl)silicon(iv): ligand localized reductions with potential electrochromic applications
Authors: Peloquin Derek M. , Dewitt Domelia R. , Patel Shreya S. , Merkert Jon W. , Donovan-Merkert Bernadette T. , Schmedake Thomas A.
Published: October 2015

Tris(bipyridyl)silicon(iv) was electrochemically reduced in acetonitrile to obtain the UV-vis spectra of its reduced species. Three stable, reversible, ligand localized reductions were observed.
N-heterocyclic phosphenium and phosphido nickel complexes supported by a pincer ligand framework
Authors: Evers-McGregor Deirdra A. , Bezpalko Mark W. , Foxman Bruce M. , Thomas Christine M.
Published: October 2015

A tridentate ligand framework containing a central N-heterocyclic phosphenium cation (NHP+) has been coordinated to nickel. Among the compounds reported is a series of [(PPP)Ni]20/+/2+ dimers in three different redox states.
First structural characterization of Pa(iv) in aqueous solution and quantum chemical investigations of the tetravalent actinides up to Bk(iv): the evidence of a curium break
Authors: Banik Nidhu lal , Vallet Valérie , Réal Florent , Belmecheri Réda Mohamed , Schimmelpfennig Bernd , Rothe Jörg , Marsac Rémi , Lindqvist-Reis Patric , Walther Clemens , Denecke Melissa A. , Marquardt Christian M.
Published: October 2015

The Pa4+aqua ion is nine-coordinated like the other early tetravalent actinides whereas a change to eight-coordination occurs at curium.
Operational constraints and strategies for systems to effect the sustainable, solar-driven reduction of atmospheric CO2
Authors: Chen Yikai , Lewis Nathan S. , Xiang Chengxiang
Published: October 2015

A schematic illustration of CO2 transport in atmosphere and enhanced limiting current density from rapid interconversion between bicarbonate and CO2.
Graphene–carbon nanotube aerogel as an ultra-light, compressible and recyclable highly efficient absorbent for oil and dyes
Authors: Wan Wenchao , Zhang Ruiyang , Li Wei , Liu Hao , Lin Yuanhua , Li Lina , Zhou Ying
Published: October 2015

Ultra-light graphene–CNT aerogels were successfully synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method and exhibited excellent adsorption capacity to oil and dyes as well as reusability.
Making it stick: the role of structural design in implantable technologies
Authors: Lee Wontae , Leask Richard L. , Moraes Christopher
Published: October 2015

We highlight recent studies that demonstrate the innovative use of structure in the design of technologies meant to operate within the human body.
Synthesis of fusidic acid bioisosteres as antiplasmodial agents and molecular docking studies in the binding site of elongation factor-G
Authors: Kaur Gurminder , Singh Kawaljit , Pavadai Elumalai , Njoroge Mathew , Espinoza-Moraga Marlene , De Kock Carmen , Smith Peter J. , Wittlin Sergio , Chibale Kelly
Published: October 2015

Structural modifications through bioisosteric approach yielded fusidic acid analogues with 2–35 folds increase in antiplasmodial activity as compared to fusidic acid.
Molecular basis for resistance against phosphonate antibiotics and herbicides
Authors: Chekan Jonathan R. , Cogan Dillon P. , Nair Satish K.
Published: October 2015

Research studies in recent years have illuminated data on the mechanisms and targets of phosphonic acid antibiotics and herbicides, including fosfomycin, glyphosate, fosmidomycin and FR900098.
Fermi level, work function and vacuum level
Authors: Kahn Antoine
Published: October 2015

Electronic levels and energies of a solid, such as Fermi level, vacuum level, work function, ionization energy or electron affinity, are of paramount importance for the control of device behavior, charge carrier injection and transport.
Surface nanostructures for fluorescence probing of supported lipid bilayers on reflective substrates
Authors: Dabkowska Aleksandra P. , Piret Gaëlle , Niman Cassandra S. , Lard Mercy , Linke Heiner , Nylander Tommy , Prinz Christelle N.
Published: October 2015

Nanostructures grown or deposited on reflective substrates enable the visualization of fluorophores and the assessment of the fluidity of self-assembled bilayers on reflective surfaces.
Design of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for controlled release of doxorubicin under an alternative magnetic field in athermal conditions
Authors: Griffete N. , Fresnais J. , Espinosa A. , Wilhelm C. , Bée A. , Ménager C.
Published: October 2015

An innovative magnetic delivery nanomaterial for triggered cancer therapy showing active control over drug release by using an alternative magnetic field is proposed.
A chemoselective α-aminoxylation of aryl ketones: a cross dehydrogenative coupling reaction catalysed by Bu4NI
Authors: Siddaraju Yogesh , Prabhu Kandikere Ramaiah
Published: October 2015

Tetrabutyl ammonium iodide (TBAI) catalyzed α-aminoxylation of ketones using aq. TBHP as an oxidant has been accomplished.
Improved TTF functionalization of polymers for two-dimensional charge-transfer networks
Authors: Ren Yi , Moore Jeffrey S.
Published: October 2015

Covalent conjugation of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) moieties to macromolecular backbones combines unique properties of polymers, such as processability and high functional group density, with the outstanding redox properties of TTF to expand applications in organic electronics, chemical sensors, molecular switches, and nonlinear optical materials among others.
Functionalization of AgNWs with amino groups and their application in an epoxy matrix for antistatic and thermally conductive nanocomposites
Authors: Zhao Tengyun , Zhang Chen , Du Zhongjie , Li Hangquan , Zou Wei
Published: October 2015

AgNWs were functionalized to improve their dispersion in an epoxy resin matrix, making AgNW–epoxy nanocomposites with high antistatic and thermal performances.
Transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes into anilines by palladium nanoparticles via dehydrogenation of dimethylamine borane complex
Authors: Patil Nilesh M. , Bhosale Manohar A. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: October 2015

Reduction of nitroarenes to corresponding amines ​via dehydrogenation of dimethylamine borane using Pd NPs as a catalyst. The developed catalytic system uses dimethylamine borane as a reducing agent which is highly stable, water soluble and non-toxic.
Conversion of nitrous oxide to nitrogen by cobalt-substituted myoglobin
Authors: Rapson Trevor D. , Warneke Soeren , Musameh Mustafa M. , Dacres Helen , Macdonald Ben C. T. , Trowell Stephen C.
Published: October 2015

Turning myoglobin into a nitrous oxide reductase.
Polyacrylamide-derived carbon materials: outstanding enhancement of supercapacitor capacitance simply by introducing redox additive of p-aminobenzenesulfonate into KOH electrolyte
Authors: Zhang Zhong Jie , Huang Xuan , Chen Xiang Ying
Published: October 2015

A simple but efficient redox additive of sodium p-aminobenzenesulfonate has been incorporated into KOH electrolyte, which can largely elevate the capacitances of carbon-based supercapacitors.
Investigation of fate and behavior of tetracycline in nitrifying sludge system
Authors: Song Chao , Sun Xue-Fei , Xia Peng-Fei , Wang Yun-Kun , Wang Shu-Guang
Published: October 2015

This study aims to investigate the fate and behavior of tetracycline (TC) in nitrifying sludge system, as well as the effects of TC dosage on sludge performance.
Chromogenic naked-eye detection of copper ion and fluoride
Authors: Choi Ye Won , Lee Jae Jun , You Ga Rim , Lee Sun Young , Kim Cheal
Published: October 2015

Colorimetric chemosensor was reported for detection of Cu2+ and F−via the color change from colorless to yellow and to orange.
Fulleropyrrolidine molecular dumbbells act as multi-electron-acceptor triads. Spectroscopic, electrochemical, computational and morphological characterizations
Authors: Mitrović Aleksandra , Stevanović Jelena , Milčić Milos , Žekić Andrijana , Stanković Dalibor , Chen Shigui , Badjić Jovica D. , Milić Dragana , Maslak Veselin
Published: October 2015

Three novel fulleropyrrolidine dumbbells consisting three electron acceptor moieties joined by alkyl linker displaying tunable electrical and morphological properties were synthesized and characterized.
Iron-catalyzed regioselective direct coupling of aromatic aldehydes with coumarins leading to 3-aroyl coumarins
Authors: Yuan Jin-Wei , Yin Qiu-Yue , Yang Liang-Ru , Mai Wen-Peng , Mao Pu , Xiao Yong-Mei , Qu Ling-Bo
Published: October 2015

Iron-catalyzed direct radical acylation of coumarins with aromatic aldehydes to regioselectively afford 3-aroyl coumarin derivatives in moderate yields was described.
Synthesis, structure and photoluminescence properties of a novel color-tunable Si1.92Al0.08O1.08N1.92:Eu2+,Tb3+,Sm2+phosphor for ultraviolet white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Wang Yichao , Ding Jianyan , Li Yanyan , Wang Yuhua
Published: October 2015

The emission colors can be changed in the blue, green, red and even white.
Comprehensive structural analysis of biorefinery lignins with a quantitative13C NMR approach
Authors: Balakshin Mikhail Yu. , Capanema Ewellyn A.
Published: October 2015

The advance in analytical methodology is critical for the progress in the biorefinery and lignin commercialization.
New advances in non-fullerene acceptor based organic solar cells
Authors: Zhan Chuanlang , Zhang Xinliang , Yao Jiannian
Published: October 2015

Non-fullerene organic molecules are alternative and competitive acceptor materials for high-efficiency organic solar cells.
PET governed fluorescence “Turn ON” BODIPY probe for selective detection of picric acid
Authors: Erande Yogesh , Chemate Santosh , More Ankush , Sekar Nagaiyan
Published: October 2015

The non-fluorescent meso diaminophenyl 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl BODIPY dye has been investigated and employed for picric acid sensing in a constructive way by regenerating its fluorescence through PET hindrance.
Using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) containing a carbamate linker as a platform to develop electrodeposited surfaces with tunable wettability and adhesion
Authors: Szczepanski Caroline R. , Darmanin Thierry , Guittard Frederic
Published: October 2015

To control the wettability of polymer interfaces with water without using perfluorinated chains, the 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) monomer and its derivatives have been good candidates for surfaces formed by electrodeposition.
Graphyne as a promising substrate for high density magnetic storage bits
Authors: Zhang Yun , Zhu Guojun , Lu Jinlian , Guo Zhixin , Cao Juexian
Published: October 2015

Applying magnetic nanostructures in high density magnetic data storage is hindered by a lack of suitable substrate.
Photocatalytic direct intermolecular addition of 1,3-dithianes
Authors: Lee Ming , Chen Ying-Ho , Hung Tzu-Hang , Chang Wen , Yan Wei-Cheng , Leow Dasheng
Published: October 2015

A direct intermolecular radical addition of 1,3-dithianes to alkenes has been accomplished via visible-light mediated photocatalysis.
Integrating three-dimensional graphene/Fe3O4@C composite and mesoporous Co(OH)2 nanosheets arrays/graphene foam into a superior asymmetric electrochemical capacitor
Authors: Wang Huanwen , Tan Hui Teng , Yi Huan , Zhang Yu , Guo Guilue , Wang Xuefeng , Madhavi Srinivasan , Yan Qingyu
Published: October 2015

A novel high-energy asymmetric electrochemical capacitor is fabricated with 3D porous graphene/Fe3O4@C anode and mesoporous Co(OH)2 nanosheets/graphene foam cathode.
Improvement of heat dissipation in agarose gel electrophoresis by metal oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Zarei Mohammad , Goharshadi Elaheh K. , Ahmadzadeh Hossein , Samiee Sara
Published: October 2015

Joule heating is a primary limitation in slab gel electrophoresis which is a gold standard method in biochemistry and biotechnology.
Vanadium(v) tetra-phenolate complexes: synthesis, structural studies and ethylene homo-(co-)polymerization capability
Authors: Redshaw Carl , Walton Mark J. , Elsegood Mark R. J. , Prior Timothy J. , Michiue Kenji
Published: October 2015

Bi-metallic vanadium(v) tetra-phenolate complexes, on combination with organoaluminium co-catalysts and a reactivator, are capable of ethylene homo- or ethylene/propylene co-polymerization of ethylene with high activity.
Pre-service chemistry teachers' competencies in the laboratory: a cross-grade study in solution preparation
Authors: Karataş F. Ö.
Published: October 2015

One of the prerequisites for chemistry teacher candidates is to demonstrate certain laboratory skills. This article aims to determine and discuss the competencies of pre-service chemistry teachers in a chemistry laboratory context working with solution chemistry content. The participants in this study consisted of a group of pre-service chemistry teachers in the first to fifth years of a chemistry teacher education program. The participants were given individual tasks of preparing solutions of a certain concentration. The tasks included two steps: calculation and application. The participants were also observed in terms of the degree to which they followed the laboratory safety rules. Overall, the pre-service teachers made numerous errors in calculating the correct amounts of a substance and preparing a solution, as well as obeying the safety rules. Interestingly, the participants' laboratory competencies showed a trend along their grade levels; namely, a slight increase and then a sharp decrease in their solution preparation knowledge and skills that could be associated with retention loss or decay over time in the absence of rehearsal and/or ill-encoding. These results may contribute to the discussion on virtual and physical laboratories in chemistry education.
Excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer reaction demonstrating anti-Kasha behavior
Authors: Tseng Huan-Wei , Shen Jiun-Yi , Kuo Ting-Yi , Tu Ting-Syun , Chen Yi-An , Demchenko Alexander P. , Chou Pi-Tai
Published: October 2015

When excited with high energy quanta, specially designed 3-hydroxychromone derivatives demonstrate dramatic enhancement of the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction in obvious violation of Kasha's rule.
Anisotropic reversible piezoresistivity in magnetic–metallic/polymer structured elastomeric composites: modelling and experiments
Authors: Mietta José Luis , Tamborenea Pablo I. , Martin Negri R.
Published: October 2015

A constitutive model for the total anisotropic reversible piezoresistivity in PDMS/magnetite–silver structured elastomeric composites is proposed.
Accumulation of small protein molecules in a macroscopic complex coacervate
Authors: Lindhoud Saskia , Claessens Mireille M. A. E.
Published: October 2015

By mixing the aqueous solutions of poly acrylic acid, poly-(N,N dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) and lysozyme, complex coacervates with a protein concentration as high as 200 g L−1 are obtained.
Polymer-templated synthesis of hollow Pd–CeO2nanocomposite spheres and their catalytic activity and thermal stability
Authors: Du Chenhao , Guo Yun , Guo Yanglong , Gong Xue-qing , Lu Guanzhong
Published: October 2015

Hollow structured Pd-CeO2nanomaterials show an enhanced catalytic activity and stability in the selective reduction of 4-nitrophenol and CO oxidation.
A new layered sodium molybdenum oxide anode for full intercalation-type sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhu Kai , Guo Shaohua , Yi Jin , Bai Songyan , Wei Yingjin , Chen Gang , Zhou Haoshen
Published: October 2015

A new layered Na0.3MoO2 exhibits a reversible capacity of 146 mA h g−1, remarkable cycling stability and good rate capability for sodium half-cells. And a Na0.3MoO2//Na0.8Ni0.4Ti0.6O2 full intercalation-type sodium-ion cell is fabricated and it displays an excellent cycling stability. These results indicate that molybdenum-based oxide is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries.
Uniform LiMO2 assembled microspheres as superior cycle stability cathode materials for high energy and power Li-ion batteries
Authors: Luo Dong , Fang Shaohua , Tian Qinghua , Qu Long , Shen Shumin , Yang Li , Hdirano Shin-ichi
Published: October 2015

LiMO2 assembled microspheres with superior cycle stability and rate capability are prepared using a new solvothermal-precursor method.
Control of verticality and (111) orientation of In-catalyzed silicon nanowires grown in the vapour–liquid–solid mode for nanoscale device applications
Authors: Ajmal Khan M. , Ishikawa Y. , Kita I. , Fukunaga K. , Fuyuki T. , Konagai M.
Published: October 2015

Decreasing the contact angle between In NDs and the Si substrate helps to grow vertically aligned Si NWs with a diameter of 18 nm.
Asymmetrically frame‐compatible depth video coding
Authors: Chiang Jui‐Chiu , Wu Jain‐Ron
Published: October 2015

To achieve efficient coding while maintaining the quality of rendered views, a frame‐compatible coding scheme for two‐view depth video is proposed. The idea is to remove the redundancy within the inter‐view depth video before packing and encoding. The content in two views is analysed after performing view warping from the primary view to the secondary view. The uncovered region is defined as the missing region where no corresponding information can be found in the primary view. Only the uncovered region is retained in the secondary view and will be combined with the primary view to form a frame‐compatible video. The experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional frame‐compatible technology in providing better objective and subjective quality.
2D OMP algorithm for space–time parameters estimation of moving targets
Authors: Feng Weike , Zhang YongShun , Guo YiDuo , He XingYu
Published: October 2015

By exploiting the sparsity and data structure of the received signals of airborne radar, the two‐dimensional (2D) signal sparse representation (SR) model that is suitable for moving targets parameters estimation after clutter suppression is built. A novel 2D orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm is also proposed to solve the 2D SR problem directly. The spatial parameters and temporal parameters of targets are first estimated separately based on two subdictionaries, i.e. space dictionary and time dictionary. The joint space–time parameter of each target is then obtained based on a very small space–time dictionary. The numerical results indicate that the proposed algorithm can achieve closely approximate parameters estimation performance with significant computational saving compared with the one‐dimension (1D) method using traditional 1D OMP algorithm.
Depth map upsampling with image decomposition
Authors: Jung Chanho , Joo Sanghyun , Ji Su Mi
Published: October 2015

Two novel approaches for depth map upsampling are presented. A depth upsampling method using image decomposition is first proposed. Most of previous depth upsampling techniques have suggested the use of colour image as a guide. Unlike the conventional algorithms, the method decomposes the colour image into its structure and texture layers, and then makes use of the structure component instead of the colour image in the reconstruction of depth values. Furthermore, the structure information‐based method is extended to a hybrid depth upsampling approach, which takes the advantages of both structure and colour maps. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed depth map upsampling methods perform better than the previous algorithms in terms of the bad pixel rate.
Extraction of small‐signal model parameters of Si/SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor using least squares support vector machines
Authors: Taher H. , Farrell R. , Schreurs D. , Nauwelaers B.
Published: October 2015

A novel straightforward methodology for extracting bias‐dependent small‐signal equivalent circuit model parameters (SSECMPs) of silicon/silicon–germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors is presented. The inverse mapping between SSECMPs and scattering (S) parameters is established and fitted using simulated data of the SSECM. Since the problem has large input space, S‐parameters at many frequency points, the least squares support vector machines concept is used as regression technique. Physical SSECMPs values are obtained using the proposed methodology. Moreover, an excellent agreement is noted between the S‐parameters measurements and their simulated counterpart using the extracted SSECMPs in the frequency range from 40 MHz to 40 GHz at different bias conditions.
Single image dehazing with wavelength‐dependent transmissions using inter‐channel correlations of a colour image
Authors: Ahn Hyeon‐Jin , Jang Dong‐Won , Park Rae‐Hong
Published: October 2015

Existing dehazing methods sometimes produce bluish artefact when the transmission is wavelength‐dependent. In this Letter, a single image dehazing method in which transmissions of RGB colour channels are estimated using inter‐channel correlations is proposed. The proposed method estimates a particle size parameter in the atmosphere using the correlation between red and blue channels. The proposed method adjusts the transmissions of red and blue colour channels with respect to the reference (green) colour transmission that is obtained by the existing dehazing method. Experimental results with a number of foggy and thin hazy images show that the proposed method effectively reduces the bluish artefact.
Temperature signatures for performance assessment of circuits with undesired equilibrium states
Authors: Wang Q. , Geiger R.L.
Published: October 2015

The use of bidirectional temperature sweeping methods in a standard circuit simulator to determine the presence or absence of multiple equilibrium points in analogue circuits is discussed along with the need for start‐up circuits to eliminate undesired stable equilibrium points. Signatures in the temperature characteristics of circuits that may have more than one equilibrium state in their resistive circuit and that are indicative of specific types of performance are identified. It is shown that circuits with some of these signatures present significant challenges for circuit simulation and verification when designed to operate at a single equilibrium point. It is also observed that circuits with some of these signatures can exhibit useful circuit properties but also provide vulnerability to harbour analogue hardware Trojans that can be very difficult to detect.
Using neurofeedback for English phonetics learning: potentiality of MMN
Authors: García L. , Benítez C. , Macizo P. , Bajo T.
Published: October 2015

A prototype of phonetics learning application based on neurofeedback is presented. The learner's auditive discrimination of chosen phonemes is evaluated using his EEG response to auditory contrasts in an oddball paradigm experiment. When auditory contrasts distinction takes place, the well‐known mismatch negativity (MMN) potential registered presents a negative amplitude while zero or positive amplitudes indicate that the participant is not able to discriminate among phonemes. MMN can be processed or directly presented as user feedback, depending on the target‐user profile (age, special needs, learning abilities etc.). The paradigm of application presented has many potential usages as phonetics learning tool given its capacity to automatically (i) evaluate the phonetic discrimination providing feedback, (ii) adapt to the individual needs/challenges of the user based on that feedback and (iii) keep track of the improvements achieved.
Virtual simulator for the generation of patho‐physiological foetal ECGs during the prenatal period
Authors: Martinek R. , Kelnar M. , Vojcinak P. , Koudelka P. , Vanus J. , Bilik P. , Janku P. , Nazeran H. , Zidek J.
Published: October 2015

The design, implementation, and verification of a signal simulator for the generation of patho‐physiological records of foetal electrocardiograms (fECGs) during the prenatal period are briefly reported. The simulator enables users to model the patho‐physiological changes that occur within the foetus’ myocardium under hypoxic conditions (hypoxemia, hypoxia, asphyxia, etc.) during the 20th to 42nd week of pregnancy. The simulator deploys a dynamic fECG model including an actual fECG record taken from clinical practice, patho‐physiological cardiotocography (CTG), and ST‐analysis (STAN) records along with the ratio of T waves to the QRS complex; as well as clinical recommendations by FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) for classifying these records. By comparing synthesised and real patho‐physiological CTG and STAN records, the functionality of the simulator, which effectively captured significant indicators of the foetus’ condition during the prenatal period including fECG morphology, dynamic fECG characteristics, and others is evaluated and validated. The simulator enables users to test both current and emerging approaches in a very challenging area of gynaecology, namely the identification/classification of hypoxic conditions in the foetus during labour. Obstetricians can also use the simulator as a reference tool during the evaluation of suspect fECG abnormalities.
Experimental study of 80 GHz Fabry‐Pérot cavity antenna based on dual‐layer partially reflected surface
Authors: FanHong M. , Ouslimani H.H , Gueye M.B. , Letestu Y.
Published: October 2015

A Fabry‐Pérot cavity antenna based on a dual‐layer partially reflected surface (PRS) structure is designed, fabricated and measured at 80 GHz (band‐E). The PRS is composed of two frequency selective surfaces, each comprising a periodic array of square metallic patches. When excited by a single primary source, the antenna's gain and directivity increase by ∼10 dB from 81 to 86 GHz. The dimensions of the prototype compact antenna are 100 × 100 × 4 mm3.
Adaptive distance protection scheme for shunt‐FACTS compensated line connecting wind farm
Authors: Dubey Rahul , Samantaray Subhransu Ranjan , Panigrahi Bijay Ketan
Published: October 2015

To improve the performance of the conventional distance protection scheme for compensated lines with high resistance faults, an adaptive distance protection scheme is proposed. This study presents an analytical approach for finding the possible impacts of shunt connected flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices such as static synchronous compensator/static volt‐ampere reactive (VAR) compensator (SVC) integrated with off‐shore wind farm (WF) on distance relay characteristics. Analytical results are presented and verified on simulation platform compares under reach phenomena in presence of both FACTS devices and it is found that under reach is more severe for SVC connected system. Moreover, presence of SVC changes the line characteristic presented to relay even for bolted faults. It is also seen that type of coupling transformer has a considerable effect on apparent impedance. Furthermore, the reach setting of the relay is significantly affected as the relay end voltage and power fluctuates continuously (due to non‐linear relationship with speed) when off‐shore WFs are connected to power transmission systems. Thus, adaptive tripping characteristics for high resistance line‐to‐ground fault with shunt‐FACTS devices considering appropriate operating conditions is a demanding concern and the same has been addressed in the proposed research work.
Test of rolling stock electromagnetic compatibility for cross‐domain interoperability
Authors: Karadimou Eva , Armstrong Rob
Published: October 2015

This study is part of a greater body of research on the electromagnetic compatibility in the railway environment throughout Europe. In particular, this study focuses on the broadcasting services as a victim area and identifies the electromagnetic interference threats in the railway environment. After the definition of the pantograph arcing as the worst‐case scenario in terms of interference to these services, a test method was carried out in a controlled environment in order to examine the characteristics of these transient arcing events. It was found out that the power radiated is a broadband signal and the high levels of the radiated emissions require further investigation and examination, including addition to the railway standards that define the cross‐domain interoperability of equipment, rolling stock and fixed installations in the railway environment.
Quasi‐trapezoidal microstrip spherical patches and arrays
Authors: Costa Leonardo A. , Pereira‐Filho Odilon Maroja da Costa , Moreira Fernando J.S.
Published: October 2015

This study presents a full‐wave analysis of quasi‐trapezoidal microstrip spherical patches and arrays. It uses method of moments to evaluate the effect of the shape of the patches on the input impedance, bandwidth, mutual impedance, and radiation pattern. Arrays of quasi‐trapezoidal patches are also analysed. Presents a procedure for avoiding numerical problems on evaluating combinations of Schelkunoff Bessel functions. Results are compared with previously published ones for the quasi‐rectangular case for validation.
Design and measurements of a tri‐band one‐dimensional electromagnetic bandgap resonator antenna
Authors: Zeb Basit A. , Esselle Karu P.
Published: October 2015

The authors utilise a one‐dimensional (1D) stack of three identical unprinted dielectric slabs as a superstructure to design a novel yet simple tri‐band electromagnetic bandgap resonator antenna (ERA). The design, inspired from classical single‐band 1D ERAs, is conceived by creating two resonant defects in the superstructure configuration to make it suitable for tri‐band and high gain operation. A prototype, fabricated using FR4 material, is tested with a waveguide‐fed slot antenna at 10.3, 11.9 and 13.7 GHz with a frequency ratio of 1.33:1.16:1. The slot feeds the cavity simultaneously in the three frequency bands and provides good impedance matching in each frequency band. Peak measured gains of 14.3, 13.4 and 16.1 dBi and radiation efficiencies of 83, 85 and 85% are achieved in the lower, middle and higher frequency bands, respectively.
Selective geometry for near‐field three‐dimensional localisation using one‐pair sensor
Authors: Kavoosi Vali , Dehghani Mohammad Javad , Javidan Reza
Published: October 2015

Three‐dimensional (3D) localisation of a single source in the near‐field using one‐pair sensor (a velocity‐sensor triad and a pressure sensor) is considered. Recently, a new work has considered this problem and a method is developed with assumption that source target is closer to velocity‐sensor triad than the pressure sensor. Since a prior knowledge of the target direction is not available in real situations, this algorithm cannot be applicable. In this study, a new geometry is proposed by adding another pressure sensor to the previous geometry to reduce its fundamental requirement of a known prior source direction. Then, a novel algorithm is proposed in which the velocity‐sensor triad with only one of two pressure sensors is used for target localisation. By mathematical tractability of the proposed method, a selection rule for using suitable pair of sensor nodes is developed to hold the best estimation of the source location. It is shown that the proposed method not only has a solution in all target situations but also has better source estimation in comparison with the existing one. The simulation results on prototype data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of existence and the accuracy of estimated target range.
Autocorrelation function‐based technique for stator turn‐fault detection of induction motor
Authors: Ghanbari Teymoor
Published: October 2015

Stator current‐based monitoring of induction motors (IMs) named motor current signature analysis (MCSA) has significant economic and technical advantages over other proposed techniques for fault diagnosis in different parts of the motor. Stator, rotor, and bearing faults as more probable fault types of IMs can be detected by signature analysis of the stator current. One of the attractive MCSA approaches is based on fault signatures in the stator currents envelope. This study deals with a simple technique for detection of IMs stator turn‐faults. The proposed approach is based on analysis of modal voltage (MV) and modal current (MC) of the stator. Envelope of the MC is derived and its autocorrelations are considered as the fault detection criterion. Since variation of autocorrelation of MC envelope (AMCE) is negligible in normal condition of IMs and considerable in stator turn‐fault, this criterion can accurately detect the fault condition. However, some voltage quality problems can also have similar impact on the AMCE variations. Therefore, envelope of the MV is filtered and checked as supplementary criterion in order to prevent malfunction of the method. Simulation and experimental results confirm high degree of accuracy of the proposed method.
Clinical Study of Extrapulmonary Head and Neck Tuberculosis: A Single-Institute 10-year Experience
Authors: Oishi Masahiro , Okamoto Sachimi , Teranishi Yuichi , Yokota Chieko , Takano Sakurako , Iguchi Hiroyoshi
Published: October 2015

Introduction Although the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in Japan has been decreasing yearly, Japan remains ranked as an intermediate-burden country for TB.

Objective This study aims to investigate the current situation of head and neck extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) diagnosed in our department.

Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 47 patients diagnosed with EPTB in the head and neck in our department between January 2005 and December 2014. The extracted data included sex and age distribution, development site, chief complaint, presence or absence of concomitant active pulmonary TB (PTB) or history of TB, tuberculin skin test (TST) results, interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) results, and duration from the first visit to the final diagnosis of EPTB.

Results The subjects consisted of 20 men and 27 women, and age ranged from 6 to 84 years. The most common site was the cervical lymph nodes (30 patients), with the supraclavicular nodes being the most commonly affected (60%). Histopathological examination was performed on 28 patients. TST was positive in 9 out of 9 patients and the IGRA was positive in 18 out of 19 patients. We observed concomitant PTB in 15 out of the 47 patients. Mean duration from the first visit to the final diagnosis of EPTB was 56 days.

Conclusion The clinical symptoms of TB, especially those in the head and neck region, are varied. Otolaryngologists should be especially aware of the extrapulmonary manifestations of TB to ensure early diagnosis and treatment from the public health viewpoint.
Status of intense permanent magnet proton source for China-accelerator driven sub-critical system Linac
Authors: Wu Q. , Ma H. Y. , Yang Y. , Sun L. T. , Zhang X. Z. , Zhang Z. M. , Zhao H. Y. , He Y. , Zhao H. W.
Published: October 2015

Two compact intense 2.45 GHz permanent magnet proton sources and their corresponding low energy beam transport (LEBT) system were developed successfully for China accelerator driven sub-critical system in 2014. Both the proton sources operate at 35 kV potential. The beams extracted from the ion source are transported by the LEBT, which is composed of two identical solenoids, to the 2.1 MeV Radio-Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ). In order to ensure the safety of the superconducting cavities during commissioning, an electrostatic-chopper has been designed and installed in the LEBT line that can chop the continuous wave beam into a pulsed one. The minimum width of the pulse is less than 10 μs and the fall/rise time of the chopper is about 20 ns. The performance of the proton source and the LEBT, such as beam current, beam profile, emittance and the impact to RFQ injection will be presented.
Surface stability and the selection rules of substrate orientation for optimal growth of epitaxial II-VI semiconductors
Authors: Yin Wan-Jian , Yang Ji-Hui , Zaunbrecher Katherine , Gessert Tim , Barnes Teresa , Yan Yanfa , Wei Su-Huai
Published: October 2015

The surface structures of ionic zinc-blende CdTe (001), (110), (111), and (211) surfaces are systematically studied by first-principles density functional calculations. Based on the surface structures and surface energies, we identify the detrimental twinning appearing in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of II-VI compounds as the (111) lamellar twin boundaries. To avoid the appearance of twinning in MBE growth, we propose the following selection rules for choosing optimal substrate orientations: (1) the surface should be nonpolar so that there is no large surface reconstructions that could act as a nucleation center and promote the formation of twins; (2) the surface structure should have low symmetry so that there are no multiple equivalent directions for growth. These straightforward rules, in consistent with experimental observations, provide guidelines for selecting proper substrates for high-quality MBE growth of II-VI compounds.
Plasmon-enhanced electron-phonon coupling in Dirac surface states of the thin-film topological insulator Bi2Se3
Authors: Glinka Yuri D. , Babakiray Sercan , Lederman David
Published: October 2015

Raman measurements of a Fano-type surface phonon mode associated with Dirac surface states (SS) in Bi2Se3 topological insulator thin films allowed an unambiguous determination of the electron-phonon coupling strength in Dirac SS as a function of film thickness ranging from 2 to 40 nm. A non-monotonic enhancement of the electron-phonon coupling strength with maximum for the 8–10 nm thick films was observed. The non-monotonicity is suggested to originate from plasmon-phonon coupling which enhances electron-phonon coupling when free carrier density in Dirac SS increases with decreasing film thickness and becomes suppressed for thinnest films when anharmonic coupling between in-plane and out-of-plane phonon modes occurs. The observed about four-fold enhancement of electron-phonon coupling in Dirac SS of the 8–10 nm thick Bi2Se3 films with respect to the bulk samples may provide new insights into the origin of superconductivity in this-type materials and their applications.