bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
H2O and δD profiles remotely-sensed from ground in different spectral infrared regions
Authors: Schneider M. , Toon G. C. , Blavier J.-F. , Hase F. , Leblanc T.
Published: November 2010

Abstract. We present ground-based FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) water vapour analyses performed in four different spectral regions: 790–880, 1090–1330, 2650–3180, and 4560–4710 cm−1. All four regions allow the retrieval of lower, middle, and upper tropospheric water vapour amounts with a vertical resolution of about 3, 6, and 10 km, respectively. In addition the analyses at 1090–1330 and 2650–3180 cm−1 allow the retrieval of lower and middle/upper tropospheric δD values with vertical resolutions of 3 and 10 km, respectively. A theoretical and empirical error assessment – taking coincident Vaisala RS92 radiosonde measurements as a reference – suggests that the H2O data retrieved at high wavenumbers are slightly more precise than those retrieved at low wavenumbers. We deduce an H2O profile precision and accuracy of generally better than 20% except for the low wavenumber retrieval at 790–880 cm−1, where the assessed upper precision limit of middle/upper tropospheric H2O is 35%. The scatter between the H2O profiles produced by the four different retrievals is generally below 20% and the bias below 10%, except for the boundary layer, where it can reach 24%. These values well confirm the theoretical and empirical error assessment and are rather small compared to the huge tropospheric H2O variability of about one order of magnitude thereby demonstrating the large consistency between the different H2O profile retrievals. By comparing the two δD profile versions we deduce a precision of about 8 and 17‰ for the lower and middle/upper troposphere, respectively. However, at the same time we observe a systematic difference between the two retrievals of up to 40‰ in the middle/upper troposphere which is a large value compared to the typical tropospheric δD variability of only 80‰.
Coupling limit equilibrium analyses and real-time monitoring to refine a landslide surveillance system in Calabria (southern Italy)
Authors: Iovine G. G. R. , Lollino P. , Gariano S. L. , Terranova O. G.
Published: November 2010

Abstract. On 28 January 2009, a large debris slide was triggered by prolonged rainfalls at the southern suburbs of San Benedetto Ullano (Northern Calabria). The slope movement affected fractured and weathered migmatitic gneiss and biotitic schist, and included a pre-existing landslide. A detailed geomorphologic field survey, carried out during the whole phase of mobilization, allowed to recognize the evolution of the phenomenon. A set of datum points was located along the borders of the landslide and frequent hand-made measurements of surface displacements were performed. Since 11 February, a basic real-time monitoring system of meteoric parameters and of surface displacements, measured by means of high-precision extensometers, was also implemented. Based on the data gained through the monitoring system, and on field surveying, a basic support system for emergency management could be defined since the first phases of activation of the phenomenon. The evolution of the landslide was monitored during the following months: as a consequence, evidence of retrogressive distribution could be recognized, with initial activation in the middle sector of the slope, where new temporary springs were observed. During early May, the activity reduced to displacements of a few millimetres per month and the geo-hydrological crisis seemed to be concluded. Afterwards, the geological scheme of the slope was refined based on the data collected through a set of explorative boreholes, equipped with inclinometers and piezometers: according to the stratigraphic and inclinometric data, the depth of the mobilized body resulted in varying between 15 and 35 m along a longitudinal section. A parametric limit equilibrium analysis was carried out to explore the stability conditions of the slope affected by the landslide as well as to quantify the role of the water table in destabilizing the slope. The interpretation of the process based on field observations was confirmed by the limit equilibrium analysis: the first activation of the landslide was, in fact, to be expected in the middle portion of the slope, provided that the groundwater levels approximate the ground surface in the same sector. On 1 February 2010, another remarkable phase of landslide mobilization began, following a new period of exceptional and prolonged rainfalls. On 11 February, an abrupt stage of slope acceleration was observed, after further extraordinary rainfalls. The slope movement essentially replicated the phases of mobilization observed on 28 January 2009, thus confirming the results of the limit equilibrium analysis. Based on the outcomes of the parametric analysis, the support system for emergency management could then be tentatively refined on a more physical basis.
Numerical simulation of a tsunami event during the 1996 volcanic eruption in Karymskoye lake, Kamchatka, Russia
Authors: Torsvik T. , Paris R. , Didenkulova I. , Pelinovsky E. , Belousov A. , Belousova M.
Published: November 2010

Abstract. Karymskoye caldera lake is a nearly circular body of water with a diameter of approximately 4 km and a depth of up to 60 m. The sublacustrine, Surtseyan-type eruption in the lake on 2–3 January 1996 included a series of underwater explosions. A field survey conducted the following summer showed signs of tsunami wave runup around the entire coastline of the lake, with a maximum of 29 m runup at the north shore near the source of the eruption, and 2–5 m runup at locations on the east and south shore far away from the source. The tsunami has been simulated using the numerical long wave model COULWAVE, with input from reconstructed realistic pre-eruption bathymetry. The tsunami source was chosen as suggested by Le Mehaute (1971) and Mirchina and Pelinovsky (1988). The initial wave was prescribed by a parabolic shape depression with a radius of R=200 m, and a height of 23 m at the rim of the parabola. Simulations were conducted to show principle directions for wave propagation, wave speed and arrival time for the leading wave group at the shore, and the distribution of wave height throughout the lake. Estimated result for wave runup are of the same order of magnitude as field measurements, except near the source of the eruption and at a few locations where analysis show significant wave breaking.
Heavy ion acceleration at parallel shocks
Authors: Galinsky V. L. , Shevchenko V. I.
Published: November 2010

Abstract. A study of alpha particle acceleration at parallel shock due to an interaction with Alfvén waves self-consistently excited in both upstream and downstream regions was conducted using a scale-separation model (Galinsky and Shevchenko, 2000, 2007). The model uses conservation laws and resonance conditions to find where waves will be generated or damped and hence where particles will be pitch-angle scattered. It considers the total distribution function (for the bulk plasma and high energy tail), so no standard assumptions (e.g. seed populations, or some ad-hoc escape rate of accelerated particles) are required. The heavy ion scattering on hydromagnetic turbulence generated by both protons and ions themselves is considered. The contribution of alpha particles to turbulence generation is important because of their relatively large mass-loading parameter Pα=nαmα/npmp (mp, np and mα, nα are proton and alpha particle mass and density) that defines efficiency of wave excitation. The energy spectra of alpha particles are found and compared with those obtained in test particle approximation.
Preparation and properties of swellable thermoplastic elastomer alloys based on elastomeric powder, polypropylene, and superabsorbent polymer
Authors: Wack Holger , Hintemann Damian , Michael Hannes , Buschner Nadine
Published: November 2010

This paper focuses on the development of swellable thermoplastic elastomer alloys based on elastomeric powder, polypropylene, and superabsorbent polymer. The mechanical and swelling properties of the resulting materials were investigated at varying concentrations of the components and by compatiblization between the rubber particles of the elastomeric powder and the polypropylene phase using the peroxide 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,5di(t‐buthylperoxy)hexane as compatibilizer. The materials obtained could be processed by injection molding in the same way as thermoplastics. The mechanical and swelling properties of the materials could be controlled by shifting the concentrations of the components. The swelling properties in different swelling media were investigated. A maximum of 120% of the relative increase of mass was obtained using KOH solution. The positions of the SAP particles within the material were detected by a combined method of SEM and EDX scan. Elastomeric powder and thermoplastic build the matrix material, in which the SAP particles are embedded mechanically. A schematic illustration of the material structure was developed, and the liquid was suspected to be transported by diffusion into the material matrix as well as along the interface between SAP and the matrix material. The results obtained can be used for the design of improved sealing concepts, as they evidence a good method of using recycled elastomers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Genome‐based identification of spliceosomal proteins in the silk moth Bombyx mori
Authors: Somarelli Jason A. , Mesa Annia , Fuller Myron E. , Torres Jacqueline O. , Rodriguez Carol E. , Ferrer Christina M. , Herrera Rene J.
Published: November 2010

Pre‐messenger RNA splicing is a highly conserved eukaryotic cellular function that takes place by way of a large, RNA‐protein assembly known as the spliceosome. In the mammalian system, nearly 300 proteins associate with uridine‐rich small nuclear (sn)RNAs to form this complex. Some of these splicing factors are ubiquitously present in the spliceosome, whereas others are involved only in the processing of specific transcripts. Several proteomics analyses have delineated the proteins of the spliceosome in several species. In this study, we mine multiple sequence data sets of the silk moth Bombyx mori in an attempt to identify the entire set of known spliceosomal proteins. Five data sets were utilized, including the 3X, 6X, and Build 2.0 genomic contigs as well as the expressed sequence tag and protein libraries. While homologs for 88% of vertebrate splicing factors were delineated in the Bombyx mori genome, there appear to be several spliceosomal polypeptides absent in Bombyx mori and seven additional insect species. This apparent increase in spliceosomal complexity in vertebrates may reflect the tissue‐specific and developmental stage‐specific alternative pre‐mRNA splicing requirements in vertebrates. Phylogenetic analyses of 15 eukaryotic taxa using the core splicing factors suggest that the essential functional units of the pre‐mRNA processing machinery have remained highly conserved from yeast to humans. The Sm and LSm proteins are the most conserved, whereas proteins of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle are the most divergent. These data highlight both the differential conservation and relative phylogenetic signals of the essential spliceosomal components throughout evolution. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Advances in solar rotation rate inferences: Unstructured grid inversions and improved rotational splittings
Authors: Eff‐Darwich A. , Korzennik S.G. , García R.A.
Published: November 2010

We present a new inversion methodology that adapts the inversion grid in both radius and co‐latitude to the data set and solves the inversion problem through an iterative procedure. This method was tested on state‐of‐the‐art global mode frequency splittings to assess the solar interior rotation rate and its temporal variation. We also explore the influence of different data sets on the interpretation of the dynamics of the solar interior, particularly the spatial extend of the torsional oscillations (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Meridional flow: Perturbed mode frequencies and eigenfunctions
Authors: Roth M.
Published: November 2010

Two models for components of the meridional circulation in the Sun obeying the continuity equation are used for studying the effect of these large‐scale flow models on solar p‐modes. The models adapt major properties of meridional circulation cells in simulations of global solar convection. The perturbation effect of these models on the solar eigenstates and eigenfrequencies is determined by quasi‐degenerate perturbation theory. The general finding is that determining the frequency multiplets of the solar p‐modes, the two meridional circulation models lead on average to negative frequency shifts of the multiplets. The relative mean frequency shift δν /ν is less than 2×10–5. Investigating the eigenfunction, the perturbation is in the order of 10–4 (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Asteroseismology of solar‐type stars with Kepler: II. Stellar modeling
Authors: Metcalfe T.S. , Monteiro M.J.P.F.G. , Thompson M.J. , Chaplin W.J. , Basu S. , Bonanno A. , Di Mauro M.P. , Doğan G. , Eggenberger P. , Karoff C. , Stello D. , KASC WG1
Published: November 2010

Observations from the Kepler satellite were recently published for three bright G‐type stars, which were monitored during the first 33.5 days of science operations. One of these stars, KIC 11026764, exhibits a characteristic pattern of oscillation frequencies suggesting that the star has evolved significantly. We have derived initial estimates of the properties of KIC 11026764 from the oscillation frequencies observed by Kepler, combined with ground‐based spectroscopic data. We present preliminary results from detailed modeling of this star, employing a variety of independent codes and analyses that attempt to match the asteroseismic and spectroscopic constraints simultaneously (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Observational asteroseismology of hot subdwarf stars
Authors: Østensen R.H.
Published: November 2010

Hot subdwarf stars are particularly challenging for asteroseismology due to their rapid pulsation periods, intrinsic faintness and relative rarity both in the field and in clusters. These features have ensured that the preferred method of observation up to now has been white‐light photometry, and all asteroseismological solutions to date have been made by model fitting of the frequency spectrum. Several attempts have been made to perform asteroseismology using time‐resolved spectroscopy on the brightest of these stars, but with modest results. A few attempts at simultaneous multi‐color photometry have also been made to identify modes with the amplitude ratio method. We will review the most recent observational results and progress in improving the observational methods for ground‐based asteroseismology of these compact pulsators (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Oscillations in rapidly rotating stars
Authors: Reese D.R.
Published: November 2010

Spurred by the spectroscopic and interferometric observations of rapidly rotating stars and the highly accurate pulsation data coming from asteroseismology space missions, theoreticians have spent many years developing models for such stars and studying their oscillations. This has led to the discovery of new phenomena and new types of pulsation modes. In what follows, a review is given of the different methods used to model the effects of rotation on stellar pulsations, as well as a description of these effects on inertial, gravito‐inertial, r and acoustic modes (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pulsational content and abundance analysis of some δ Scuti stars observed by CoRoT
Authors: Poretti E. , Mantegazza L. , Niemczura E. , Rainer M. , Semaan T. , Lüftinger T. , Baglin A. , Auvergne M. , Michel E. , Samadi R.
Published: November 2010

Several δ Sct stars were photometrically monitored with the satellite CoRoT and observed in high‐resolution spectroscopy from ground. We present here the preliminary results of the abundance analysis of several potential CoRoT targets. Moreover, new insights are given about the problem of the huge number of detected frequencies by comparing δ Sct stars with normal A‐type stars (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Is macroturbulent broadening in OB Supergiants related to pulsations?
Authors: Simón‐Díaz S. , Uytterhoeven K. , Herrero A. , Castro N. , Puls J. , Aerts C.
Published: November 2010

The spectrum of O and B Supergiants is known to be affected by an important extra line‐broadening (usually called macroturbulence) that adds to stellar rotation. Recent analysis of high resolution spectra has shown that the interpretation of this line‐broadening as a consequence of large‐scale turbulent motions would imply highly super‐sonic velocity fields, making this scenario quite improbable. Stellar oscillations have been proposed as a likely alternative explanation. We present first encouraging results of an observational project aimed at investigating the macroturbulent broadening in O and B Supergiants, and its possible connection with spectroscopic variability phenomena and stellar oscillations: a) all the studied B Supergiants show line profile variations, quantified by means of the first (〈v 〉) and third velocity (〈v3〉) moments of the lines, b) there is a strong correlation between the peak‐to‐peak amplitudes of the 〈v 〉 and 〈v3〉 variability and the size of the extra‐broadening (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Four years of HELAS
Authors: Roth M. , v. d. Lühe O. , Aerts C. , Christensen‐Dalsgaard J. , Corbard T. , Daszyńska‐Daszkiewicz J. , Di Mauro M.P. , Gizon L. , Jiménez‐Reyes S. , Monteiro M.J.P.F.G. , Pallé P.L. , Thompson M.J.
Published: November 2010

The European Coordination Action on HELio‐ and ASteroseismology (HELAS) has completed its fourth and final year of initial funding by the European Commission. Set up as a network which combines solar and stellar physics communities in the important and vigorously evolving field of seismology, HELAS has been able to coordinate the efforts of European astronomers with remarkable success. Four large international conferences including the HELAS‐IV conference on Lanzarote as well as many workshops were organized with a substantial contribution from HELAS. About a dozen workshops, addressing specialized questions in global and local helioseismology and asteroseismology were entirely organized by HELAS. Data analysis tools to prepare the European communities for the upcoming influx of data from new missions have been prepared, tested and demonstrated. Lecture notes and outreach material have been assembled and prepared for general access. As a result, HELAS has an important impact on the scientific output of the astrophysics seismology com‐munities and significantly increased the visibility of European research in this field. This paper summarizes the activities and accomplishments of HELAS (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Challenges and opportunities for helio‐ and asteroseismology
Authors: Chaplin W.J.
Published: November 2010

I consider some of the challenges and opportunities facing helio‐ and asteroseismology, which reflect major themes of presentation and discussion from the HELAS IV international conference “Seismological Challenges for Stellar Structure”. I concentrate in particular on the exciting prospects for asteroseismology, now that the field is being provided with data of unprecedented quality and in unprecedented volumes (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimal subwork zone operational strategy for short‐term work zone projects in four‐lane two‐way freeways
Authors: Meng Qiang , Weng Jinxian
Published: November 2010

Roadside trees in Singapore are regularly trimmed for the purpose of traffic safety and roadside tree‐trimming project is one typical type of short‐term work zone projects. To implement such a short‐term work zone project, contractors usually divide an entire work zone into multiple subwork zones with the uniform length. This paper aims to determine an optimal subwork zone strategy for the short‐term work zone projects in four‐lane two‐way freeways with time window and uniform subwork zone length constraints. The deterministic queuing model is employed to estimate total user delay caused by the work zone project by taking into account variable traffic speeds. Based on the user delay estimations, this paper proceeds to build a minimization model subject to time window and uniform length constraints for the optimal subwork zone strategy problem. This paper also presents a variation of the minimization model to examine the impact of unequal subwork zone length constraint. Since these minimization models belong to the mixed‐integer non‐differentiable optimization problems, an iterative algorithm embedding with the genetic simulated annealing method is thus proposed to solve these models. Finally, a numerical example is carried out to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solvent‐Dependent cis/trans Isomerism at the Paddlewheel Mo2 Core of Linear Tetranuclear Clusters of MoII and CuI Supported by 6‐(Diphenylphosphanyl)pyridin‐2‐olate (pyphos)
Authors: Pal Kuntal , Nakao Keisuke , Mashima Kazushi
Published: November 2010

The treatment of [Mo2(pyphos)4] (1) (pyphos = 6‐diphenylphosphanyl‐2‐pyridonate) with [Cu(NCCH3)4](PF6) in CH2Cl2 and CH3CN mixed solvent (1:5 v/v) led to the formation of a linear tetranuclear cluster, cis‐[Mo2{Cu(NCCH3)2}2][(pyphos)4](PF6)2 (cis‐2a‐PF6), as a thermodynamic product that was structurally characterized as a tetrakis[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylborate] salt (cis‐2a‐BArF). In the solid‐state structure of cis‐2a‐BArF, the Mo2 core was bridged by two O–N chelating pyphos ligands in a cis fashion, in sharp contrast to a trans fashion in 1. The trans isomer (trans‐2b‐PF6) was isolated from a noncoordinating solvent such as CH2Cl2 and structurally characterized. The transformation from trans‐2b to cis‐2a proceeded in acetonitrile by means of an intramolecular rearrangement of the paddlewheel Mo2 core upon dissolution in acetonitrile, in which the coordinating solvent stabilizes the transient, coordinatively unsaturated Mo2 core upon the release of the pyridonate moiety from the Mo2 core; whereas the reverse reaction did not occur under any trial conditions. A further substitution reaction at the Cu center of cis‐2a‐PF6 and trans‐2b‐PF6 with Et4NCl afforded cis‐3a and trans‐3b, respectively, which have the molecular formula [Mo2(pyphos)4Cu2(Cl)2]. Compounds trans‐3a and cis‐3b do not show any solvent‐dependent interconversion phenomena by changing the solvent.
Synthesis of Aziridine‐ and Oxirane‐2‐phosphonates Spiro‐Fused with Oxindoles
Authors: Gasperi Tecla , Loreto M. Antonietta , Migliorini Antonella , Ventura Claudia
Published: November 2010

3‐(Phosphorylmethylene)oxindoles have been prepared by a straightforward Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction. They were treated with ethyl N‐{[(4‐nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]oxy}carbamate (NsONHCO2Et) in the presence of CaO to afford new aziridine‐2‐phosphonates spiro‐fused with oxindole. 3‐(Phosphorylmethylene)oxindoles were also transformed into novel spiro[oxindole‐oxiranes] by reaction with H2O2/NaOH.
Experimental behavior of transfer story connections for high‐rise SRC structures under seismic loading
Authors: Wang Wei , Chen Yiyi , Dong Baiping , Leon Roberto T.
Published: November 2010

Results from an investigation aimed at assessing seismic behavior of transfer story connections for high‐rise building consisting of steel‐reinforced concrete (SRC) frame and reinforced concrete (RC) core tube are presented. Two types of transfer story connections were experimentally evaluated for adequate strength, ductility and energy dissipation. For each type of connection, two large‐scale subassembly tests were carried out under monotonic and cyclic lateral displacement, respectively. Detailed observations and behavior responses were obtained to contrast the differences between monotonic and cyclic performance of the connections. Test results showed that the SRC column failed before connection collapse and that loading types have little effect on the strength but greatly affect the failure modes and the ductility of the connections. All specimens exhibited good properties for earthquake resistance since they all kept a stable inelastic behavior up to the interstory drift demand suggested by the AISC Seismic Provisions. Based on test observations, support stiffeners with appropriate width‐to‐thickness ratio and mechanical connectors connecting bars with the steel plate are recommended for design purposes in order to achieve more ductile and reliable seismic behavior of transfer story connections. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genomic signature of BRCA1 deficiency in sporadic basal‐like breast tumors
Authors: Joosse Simon A. , Brandwijk Kim I. M. , Mulder Lennart , Wesseling Jelle , Hannemann Juliane , Nederlof Petra M.
Published: November 2010

About 10–20% of all breast carcinomas show a basal‐like phenotype, while ∼ 90% of breast tumors from BRCA1‐mutation carriers are of this subtype. There is growing evidence that BRCA1‐mutated tumors are not just a specific subset of the basal‐like tumors, but that (the majority of) basal‐like tumors show a dysfunctional BRCA1 pathway. This has major treatment implications, because emerging regimens specifically targeting DNA repair mechanisms would then be most effective against these tumors. To further understand the involvement of BRCA1 deficiency in sporadic basal‐like tumors, we investigated 41 basal‐like tumors for BRCA1 mRNA expression by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, BRCA1 promoter methylation, their genomic profile by array‐CGH, and gene expression levels by whole genome expression arrays. Array‐CGH results were compared to those of 34 proven BRCA1‐mutated tumors. Basal‐like tumors were subdivided into two equal groups: deficient and proficient in BRCA1 gene expression. The chromosomal makeup of BRCA1 deficient sporadic basal‐like tumors was similar to that of BRCA1‐mutated tumors. BRCA1 proficient sporadic basal‐like tumors were more similar to nonbasal‐like tumors. Only half of the basal‐like breast tumors are actually deficient in BRCA1 expression. Gain of chromosome arm 3q is a marker for BRCA1 deficiency in hereditary and sporadic breast tumors. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sulfatase 1 and sulfatase 2 in hepatocellular carcinoma: Associated signaling pathways, tumor phenotypes, and survival
Authors: Yang Ju Dong , Sun Zhifu , Hu Chunling , Lai Jinping , Dove Rebecca , Nakamura Ikuo , Lee Ju‐Seog , Thorgeirsson Snorri S. , Kang Koo Jeong , Chu In‐Sun , Roberts Lewis R.
Published: November 2010

The heparin‐degrading endosulfatases sulfatase 1 (SULF1) and sulfatase 2 (SULF2) have opposing effects in hepatocarcinogenesis despite structural similarity. Using mRNA expression arrays, we analyzed the correlations of SULF expression with signaling networks in human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and the associations of SULF expression with tumor phenotype and patient survival. Data from two mRNA microarray analyses of 139 and 36 HCCs and adjacent tissues were used as training and validation sets. Partek and Metacore software were used to identify SULF correlated genes and their associated signaling pathways. Associations between SULF expression, the hepatoblast subtype of HCC, and survival were examined. Both SULF1 and 2 had strong positive correlations with periostin, IQGAP1, TGFB1, and vimentin and inverse correlations with HNF4A and IQGAP2. Genes correlated with both SULFs were highly associated with the cell adhesion, cytoskeletal remodeling, blood coagulation, TGFB, and Wnt/β‐catenin and epithelial mesenchymal transition signaling pathways. Genes uniquely correlated with SULF2 were more associated with neoplastic processes than genes uniquely correlated with SULF1. High SULF expression was associated with the hepatoblast subtype of HCC. There was a bimodal effect of SULF1 expression on prognosis, with patients in the lowest or highest tertile having a worse prognosis than those in the middle tertile. SULFs have complex effects on HCC signaling and patient survival. There are functionally similar associations with cell adhesion, ECM remodeling, TGFB, and WNT pathways, but also unique associations of SULF1 and SULF2. The roles and targeting of the SULFs in cancer require further investigation. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A simple and fast two‐locus quality control test to detect false positives due to batch effects in genome‐wide association studies
Authors: Lee Sang Hong , Nyholt Dale R. , Macgregor Stuart , Henders Anjali K. , Zondervan Krina T. , Montgomery Grant W. , Visscher Peter M.
Published: November 2010

The impact of erroneous genotypes having passed standard quality control (QC) can be severe in genome‐wide association studies, genotype imputation, and estimation of heritability and prediction of genetic risk based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). To detect such genotyping errors, a simple two‐locus QC method, based on the difference in test statistic of association between single SNPs and pairs of SNPs, was developed and applied. The proposed approach could detect many problematic SNPs with statistical significance even when standard single SNP QC analyses fail to detect them in real data. Depending on the data set used, the number of erroneous SNPs that were not filtered out by standard single SNP QC but detected by the proposed approach varied from a few hundred to thousands. Using simulated data, it was shown that the proposed method was powerful and performed better than other tested existing methods. The power of the proposed approach to detect erroneous genotypes was ∼80% for a 3% error rate per SNP. This novel QC approach is easy to implement and computationally efficient, and can lead to a better quality of genotypes for subsequent genotype‐phenotype investigations. Genet. Epidemiol. 34:854–862, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of diversity and equality management on firm performance: Beyond high performance work systems
Authors: Armstrong Claire , Flood Patrick C. , Guthrie James P. , Liu Wenchuan , MacCurtain Sarah , Mkamwa Thadeus
Published: November 2010

This article demonstrates that a diversity and equality management system (DEMS) contributes to firm performance beyond the effects of a traditional high‐performance work system (HPWS), which consists of bundles of work practices and policies used extensively in high‐performing firms. A DEMS typically includes diversity training and monitoring recruitment, pay, and promotion across minority or other disadvantaged groups. Our analysis of quantitative data from service and manufacturing organizations in Ireland confirms that HPWS practices are associated with positive business performance and finds specifically that DEMS practices are positively associated with higher labor productivity and workforce innovation and lower voluntary employee turnover. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of flood management options for the Yang River Basin, Thailand
Authors: Kuntiyawichai Kittiwet , Schultz Bart , Uhlenbrook Stefan , Suryadi F. X. , Van Griensven A.
Published: November 2010

The Yang River Basin, Thailand, has always been subjected to flooding, but due to recent developments in land use there is an increase in the vulnerability in several parts of the river basin. To mitigate impacts of flooding, both structural and non‐structural measures can be taken. This paper discusses three scenario simulations focusing on flood retardation, retention, and damage mitigation measures. A main tributary was simulated by a process‐based hydrological model (SWAT) and coupled to the 1D/2D SOBEK river routing model. The first scenario focused on retarding basins, the so‐called natural flood storage, to reduce downstream flood flows by storing excess floodwater in low‐lying areas and releasing it after the peak has passed. The second scenario concerned a green river (bypass channel) to provide storage and drainage through a large, shallow retardation basin, and an outlet for water discharge from upstream. The third scenario concerned the effect of dikes to protect areas from inundation. The results show that the green river is the most appropriate solution since it can potentially reduce a 1% to a 10% per year flood event, with a reduction of peak discharges of 14% in comparison to 9.2% reduced by natural flood storage. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteasome inhibition causes epithelial–mesenchymal transition upon TM4SF5 expression
Authors: Kim Jin Young , Nam Jae Kook , Lee Sin‐Ae , Lee Mi‐Sook , Cho Somi K. , Park Zee‐Yong , Lee Jung Weon , Cho Moonjae
Published: November 2010

Transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) is highly expressed in hepatocarcinoma and causes epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of hepatocytes. We found that TM4SF5‐expressing cells showed lower mRNA levels but maintained normal protein levels in certain gene cases, indicating that TM4SF5 mediates stabilization of proteins. In this study, we explored whether regulation of proteasome activity and TM4SF5 expression led to EMT. We observed that TM4SF5 expression caused inhibition of proteasome activity and proteasome subunit expression, causing morphological changes and loss of cell–cell contacts. shRNA against TM4SF5 recovered proteasome expression, with leading to blockade of proteasome inactivation and EMT. Altogether, TM4SF5 expression appeared to cause loss of cell–cell adhesions via proteasome suppression and thereby proteasome inhibition, leading to repression of cell–cell adhesion molecules, such as E‐cadherin. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 782–792, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of different methods of emotional disclosure: differentiating post‐traumatic growth from stress symptoms
Authors: Slavin‐Spenny Olga M. , Cohen Jay L. , Oberleitner Lindsay M. , Lumley Mark A.
Published: November 2010

Research on emotional disclosure should test the effects of different disclosure methods and whether symptoms are affected differently than post‐traumatic growth. We randomized 214 participants with unresolved stressful experiences to four disclosure conditions (written, private spoken, talking to a passive listener, talking to an active facilitator) or two control conditions. All groups had one 30‐minute session. After 6 weeks, disclosure groups reported more post‐traumatic growth than controls, and disclosure conditions were similar in this effect. All groups decreased in stress symptoms (intrusions, avoidance, psychological and physical symptoms), but disclosure did not differ from control. We conclude that 30 minutes of disclosure leads to post‐traumatic growth but not necessarily symptom reduction, and various disclosure methods have similar effects. Research on the effects of disclosure should focus on the benefits of growth as well as symptom reduction. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 00:1‐15, 2010.
Development of a New Polypropylene‐Based Suture: Plasma Grafting, Surface Treatment, Characterization, and Biocompatibility Studies
Authors: Saxena Shalini , Ray Alok R. , Kapil Arti , Pavon‐Djavid Graciela , Letourneur Didier , Gupta Bhuvanesh , Meddahi‐Pellé Anne
Published: November 2010

Polypropylene sutures (PP) are already used in surgery. Because microbial infection leads to complications, we developed antimicrobial PP suture by plasma‐induced graft polymerization of acrylic acid followed by chitosan binding on the remaining carboxyl groups. Mechanical properties and surface morphologies were analyzed on these sutures. Tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) or nanosilver (NS) was then immobilized to PP. The resulting PP sutures evidenced drug release properties and antimicrobial activity in vitro. PP implanted in vivo for 30 days in the muscle of rats showed the absence of adverse effects and a tissue organization. This new polypropylene suture with suitable antimicrobial features appears to be a promising macromolecular material for clinical and cosmetic applications.

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Effects of Viscosity‐Controlled Interfacial Mobility on the Coalescence of Immiscible Polymer Blends
Authors: Gabriele Massimiliano , Pasquino Rossana , Grizzuti Nino
Published: November 2010

The consequences of the interfacial mobility on the coalescence process in immiscible polymer blends was studied. Blends of PIB and PDMS with 10 vol.% PIB were subjected to shear‐flow step‐down experiments under controlled conditions. The blend was initially sheared at high shear rate to obtain a fine dispersion (small drop size). The shear rate was then stepped down and the coalescence process was monitored by performing repeated SAOS experiments. In the limit of high and low viscosity ratios, the experimental results were in excellent agreement with theory predictions for IMI and FMI conditions. In the intermediate range of viscosity ratio, corresponding to PMI conditions, a smooth transition between the limiting IMI and FMI states was found.

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Metal‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Alternating Copolymers
Authors: Brulé Emilie , Guo Jia , Coates Geoffrey W. , Thomas Christophe M.
Published: November 2010

The creation of polymers with a high degree of sequence and/or stereocontrol represents an exciting frontier in materials science. In order to obtain alternating polymers, coordination polymerization using well‐defined metal complexes has played a leading role in the last two decades. In the following paper, we will describe selected published efforts to achieve these research goals using discrete, structurally well‐characterized metal complexes.

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Self‐Consistent Theory of Structures and Transitions in Weak Polyampholytes
Authors: Bhattacharjee Abir , Kundu Prasanta , Dua Arti
Published: November 2010

Weak polyampholytes are charged polymers, where the charge asymmetry can be tuned by varying the solution pH. We determine the size of a randomly charged weak polyampholyte in dilute solution as a function of charge asymmetry, Bjerrum length, salt concentration, pH, and degree of polymerization, using a self‐consistent method. It is known that in the limiting cases of low and high charge asymmetries, polyampholytes behave as neutral polyampholytes and polyelectrolytes, respectively. We explore in detail the regime of intermediate charge asymmetry where a polyampholyte show non‐monotonic change in the chain size as a function of Bjerrum length. A hierarchy of structures exists at different length scales, ranging from ideal coils at low Bjerrum length, extended rod‐like state at intermediate Bjerrum length to globular states at high Bjerrum length. The transition between ideal coil and rod‐like states is continuous, while that between rod‐like and globular states is discontinuous. The addition of salt changes the nature of the rod‐to‐globule transition from discontinuous to continuous. The effective free energy shows a double minimum at intermediate charge asymmetry, indicating the coexistence of globules and extended states. The size as a function of the solution pH shows a minimum at the isoelectric point. The size of neutral polyampholytes at the isoelectric pH increases with the increase in the salt concentration. The size of charge excess polyampholytes far away from the isoelectric pH decreases with the increase in the salt concentration.

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A wideband standing wave‐based spectrometer swifts for the 22‐GHz water‐line detection
Authors: Hemour Simon , Podevin Florence , Xavier Pascal , Rauly Dominique , Benech Pierre , le Coarer Etienne
Published: November 2010

A compact spectrometer, in the 19–25 GHz range, named stationary waves integrated Fourier transform spectrometer (SWIFTS) has been designed and used for single‐tone spectrum recovery. The experimental results show a very good agreement with the simulated ones obtained from combined circuit and 2D electromagnetic simulations. The application aims at observing the 22‐GHz water line for astronomical purpose. The SWIFTS is inherently a real‐time spectrometer. Presented results are state‐of‐the‐art results when compared with actual real‐time spectrometry in terms of compactness and acquisition fastness. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:62–65, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25669
On the design of wheel‐shaped fractal antenna
Authors: Kumar Raj , Malathi P. , Sawant K.
Published: November 2010

This article presents the design of a wheel‐shaped wide band fractal antenna. This fractal antenna has been designed on substrate εr = 4.3 and thickness h = 1.53 mm. The new antenna has been fed with coplanar waveguide‐fed. The antenna exhibits the excellent ultrawide bandwidth from 0.95 to 4.495 GHz corresponding 130.21% at S11 < −10 dB. The fractal antenna has been curved from the solid circular patch of 50 mm diameter. The first resonant frequency of this fractal antenna shifted to 1.15 GHz in comparison to 1.64 GHz first resonant frequency of circular disk monopole antenna. This indicates the size reduction of the antenna. The experimental radiation pattern of antenna is nearly omnidirectional. Such type of antenna can be useful for mobile and wireless communication. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:155–158, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25677
A novel concurrent dual‐mode class‐e PA using dual‐band stub tapped transformer
Authors: Chen Wenhua , Li Xiang , Wang Li , Zhang Zhijun , Feng Zhenghe
Published: November 2010

A novel concurrent dual‐mode class‐E power amplifier is proposed.Owing to the stub tapped transformer and compensation inductance, a dual‐band output matching network is achieved. Experimental results show the output powers of 38.1 and 38.6 dBm, and the drain efficiency of 63.4% and 65.1% are obtained at 920 MHz and 1200 MHz, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:171–174, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25684
Nemaline myopathy type 6: Clinical and myopathological features
Authors: Olivé Montse , Goldfarb Lev G. , Lee Hee‐Suk , Odgerel Zagaa , Blokhin Andre , Gonzalez‐Mera Laura , Moreno Dolores , Laing Nigel G. , Sambuughin Nyamkhishig
Published: November 2010

Nemaline myopathy (NEM) is one of the most common congenital myopathies. A unique subtype, NEM6, maps to chromosome 15q21‐q23 in two pedigrees, but the causative gene has not been determined. We conducted clinical examination and myopathological studies in a new NEM family. Genotyping and gene screening were accomplished by searching known and 18 new candidate genes. The disease started in childhood by affecting proximal and distal muscles and causing slowness of movements. Muscle biopsies showed numerous nemaline rods and core‐like formations. Suggestive linkage to chromosome 15q22‐q23 was established. Genes known to be mutated in NEM or core‐rod myopathy were screened and excluded. No pathogenic mutations were identified in other candidate genes. The disease in this Spanish family was classified as NEM6. It is phenotypically similar and probably allelic to the two previously reported NEM6 pedigrees. Further studies of these families will lead to the identification of the NEM6 gene. Muscle Nerve 42: 901–907, 2010
Porous composites of hydroxyapatite‐filled poly[ethylene‐co‐(vinyl acetate)] for tissue engineering
Authors: Sunny MC , Vincy PV , Anil Kumar PR , Ramesh P
Published: November 2010

A novel porous composite of hydroxyapatite/poly[ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate)] (HAP/EVA) having better osteointegration was fabricated by gas foaming technique using a non toxic gas blowing agent intended for bone replacement applications. Combined techniques of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray microcomputed tomography (µCT) analysis showed that the pore size and pore volume of the porous composite decrease with the increase of HAP content. The gravimetric analysis evidenced for good pore interconnectivity within the porous composites. Energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX) studies inveterated the even scattering of Ca ions which in turn indicate the uniform dispersion of HAP particles in the composites. The significant gradation in Ca ion concentration seen in EDX studies is well accordance with the amount of HAP loading in the sample. Mechanical properties of the porous composite having different HAP content were measured to have the compressive strength varying from 1.06 to 2.2 MPa. Non‐cytotoxic character of the material was observed by the cytocompatibility studies. The metabolic activity of L929 cells seeded on the material assessed by [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol)‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyltertrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was found to be 91.8%. The adhesion and migration of the cells inside the pore walls were visualized by confocal microscopy. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Drug delivery: Magnetic Luminescent Porous Silicon Microparticles for Localized Delivery of Molecular Drug Payloads (Small 22/2010)
Authors: Gu Luo , Park Ji‐Ho , Duong Kim H. , Ruoslahti Erkki , Sailor Michael J.
Published: November 2010

Magnetic manipulation, fluorescent tracking, and localized delivery of a drug payload to cancer cells in vitro is demonstrated, using nanostructured porous silicon microparticles as a carrier. The multifunctional microparticles are prepared by electrochemical porosification of a silicon wafer in a hydrofluoric acid‐containing electrolyte, followed by removal and fracture of the porous layer into particles using ultrasound. The intrinsically luminescent particles are loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and the anti‐cancer drug doxorubicin. The drug‐containing particles are delivered to human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells in vitro, under the guidance of a magnetic field. The high concentration of particles in the proximity of the magnetic field results in a high concentration of drug being released in that region of the Petri dish, and localized cell death is confirmed by cellular viability assay (Calcein AM).
MicroRNAs in cardiac hypertrophy: angels or devils
Authors: Ding Su‐Ling , Zhou Lu‐Yu , Li Pei‐Feng
Published: November 2010

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNA molecules that can regulate gene expression via affecting mRNA stability or translation efficiency. miRNAs mediate many important cellular processes and emerge as a newly discovered regulator of gene expression. In cardiac hypertrophy, miRNAs expression is aberrantly altered. Some of these miRNAs can promote cardiac hypertrophy, whereas others can inhibit the process. In this review, we summarize the up‐ and downregulated miRNAs during cardiac hypertrophy and discuss about their roles in cardiac hypertrophy. The studies on miRNAs shed new light on the mechanism of cardiac hypertrophy and suggest that they may be promising therapeutic targets in tackling cardiac hypertrophy. WIREs RNA 2011 2 124–134 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.61

This article is categorized under:

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease