bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is there a chilly climate? An educational environmental mixed method study in a chiropractic training institution
Authors: Palmgren Per J. , Chandratilake Madawa , Nilsson Gunnar H. , Laksov Klara Bolander
Published: January 2013

Objective

The attitude towards gender in an educational environment has a significant impact on a student's behavior, sense of well-being, and academic performance. Our study aimed to explore the presence and extent of gender-related issues in a chiropractic undergraduate learning environment, which has been a scarcely researched topic in the literature.

Methods

The Perceived Chilly Climate Scale (PCCS) was used as the initial tool for screening the gender issues among undergraduates. The issues identified were explored further with a series of focus group interviews.

Results

The PCCS had an 83% response rate. The PCCS score (105/196) indicated the nonexistence of alarming gender-related issues. However, the PCCS score was significantly higher among female than male subjects, immigrants than nonimmigrants, and minorities than majority ethnic groups. Despite high ratings on the questionnaire quantitative findings, the focus groups indicated a good sense of equality, oppression-free environment, and no obvious signs of discrimination.

Conclusion

The educational environment of the institution concerned was conducive to equality. However, subtle but important gender-, ethnic-, and minority-related issues could be addressed to provide an enhanced educational environment to learners.
Hybrid SONIC: joint feedforward–feedback narrowband interference canceler
Authors: Niedźwiecki Maciej , Meller Michał
Published: January 2013

SONIC (self‐optimizing narrowband interference canceler) is an acronym of a recently proposed active noise control algorithm with interesting adaptivity and robustness properties. SONIC is a purely feedback controller, capable of rejecting nonstationary sinusoidal disturbances (with time‐varying amplitude and/or frequency) in the presence of plant (secondary path) uncertainty. We show that although SONIC can work reliably without access to a reference signal, even when the frequency of the disturbance is unknown and possibly time varying, the algorithm can take advantage of such additional source information. Unlike classical hybrid solutions, the reference signal is used only to extract information about the instantaneous frequency of the disturbance. The advance‐time advantage, available because the acoustic delay in the system is larger than the electrical delay, allows one to incorporate in the control loop a smoothed, and hence more accurate, frequency estimate. This increases the attenuation efficiency of SONIC and widens its operating range—the modified algorithm can be safely used in the presence of rapid frequency changes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
No skeletal dysplasia in the nariokotome boy KNM‐WT 15000 (homo erectus)—A reassessment of congenital pathologies of the vertebral column
Authors: Schiess Regula , Haeusler Martin
Published: January 2013

The Nariokotome boy skeleton KNM‐WT 15000 is the most complete Homo erectus fossil and therefore is key for understanding human evolution. Nevertheless, since Latimer and Ohman (2001) reported on severe congenital pathology in KNM‐WT 15000, it is questionable whether this skeleton can still be used as reference for Homo erectus skeletal biology. The asserted pathologies include platyspondylic and diminutive vertebrae implying a disproportionately short stature; spina bifida; condylus tertius; spinal stenosis; and scoliosis. Based on this symptom complex, the differential diagnosis of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda, an extremely rare form of skeletal dysplasia, has been proposed. Yet, our reanalysis of these pathologies shows that the shape of the KNM‐WT 15000 vertebrae matches that of normal modern human adolescents. The vertebrae are not abnormally flat, show no endplate irregularities, and thus are not platyspondylic. As this is the hallmark of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda and related forms of skeletal dysplasia, the absence of platyspondyly refutes axial dysplasia and disproportionate dwarfism. Furthermore, we neither found evidence for spina bifida occulta nor manifesta, whereas the condylus tertius, a developmental anomaly of the cranial base, is not related to skeletal dysplasias. Other fossils indicate that the relatively small size of the vertebrae and the narrow spinal canal are characteristics of early hominins rather than congenital pathologies. Except for the recently described signs of traumatic lumbar disc herniation, the Nariokotome boy fossil therefore seems to belong to a normal Homo erectus youth without pathologies of the axial skeleton. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
mtDNA variation in East Africa unravels the history of afro‐asiatic groups
Authors: Boattini Alessio , Castrì Loredana , Sarno Stefania , Useli Antonella , Cioffi Manuela , Sazzini Marco , Garagnani Paolo , De Fanti Sara , Pettener Davide , Luiselli Donata
Published: January 2013

East Africa (EA) has witnessed pivotal steps in the history of human evolution. Due to its high environmental and cultural variability, and to the long‐term human presence there, the genetic structure of modern EA populations is one of the most complicated puzzles in human diversity worldwide. Similarly, the widespread Afro‐Asiatic (AA) linguistic phylum reaches its highest levels of internal differentiation in EA. To disentangle this complex ethno‐linguistic pattern, we studied mtDNA variability in 1,671 individuals (452 of which were newly typed) from 30 EA populations and compared our data with those from 40 populations (2970 individuals) from Central and Northern Africa and the Levant, affiliated to the AA phylum. The genetic structure of the studied populations—explored using spatial Principal Component Analysis and Model‐based clustering—turned out to be composed of four clusters, each with different geographic distribution and/or linguistic affiliation, and signaling different population events in the history of the region. One cluster is widespread in Ethiopia, where it is associated with different AA‐speaking populations, and shows shared ancestry with Semitic‐speaking groups from Yemen and Egypt and AA‐Chadic‐speaking groups from Central Africa. Two clusters included populations from Southern Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania. Despite high and recent gene‐flow (Bantu, Nilo‐Saharan pastoralists), one of them is associated with a more ancient AA‐Cushitic stratum. Most North‐African and Levantine populations (AA‐Berber, AA‐Semitic) were grouped in a fourth and more differentiated cluster. We therefore conclude that EA genetic variability, although heavily influenced by migration processes, conserves traces of more ancient strata. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Secondary electron imaging of nanostructures using Extreme Ultra‐Violet attosecond pulse trains and Infra‐Red femtosecond pulses
Authors: Mårsell Erik , Arnold Cord L. , Lorek Eleonora , Guenot Diego , Fordell Thomas , Miranda Miguel , Mauritsson Johan , Xu Hongxing , L'Huillier Anne , Mikkelsen Anders
Published: January 2013

Surface electron dynamics unfold at time and length scales down to attoseconds and nanometres, making direct imaging with extreme spatiotemporal resolution highly desirable. However, this has turned out to be a major challenge even with the advent of reliable attosecond light sources. In this paper, photoelectrons from Ag nanowires and nanoparticles excited by extreme ultraviolet (XUV) attosecond pulse trains and infrared femtosecond pulses using a PhotoEmission Electron Microscope (PEEM) are imaged. In addition, the samples were investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and synchrotron based X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). To achieve contrast between the nanostructures and the substrate in the XUV images, three different substrate materials were investigated: Cr, ITO and Au. While plasmonic field enhancement can be observed on all three substrates, only on Au substrates do the Ag nanowires appear significantly brighter than the substrate in XUV‐PEEM imaging. 3‐photon photoemission imaging of plasmonic hot‐spots was performed where the autocorrelation trace is observed in the interference signal between two femtosecond Infra‐Red (IR) beams with sub‐cycle precision. Finally, using Monte Carlo simulations, it is shown how the secondary electrons imaged in the XUV PEEM can potentially reveal information on the attosecond time scale from the near surface region of the nanostructures.
Small‐Molecule Lipid‐Bilayer Anion Transporters for Biological Applications
Authors: Busschaert Nathalie , Gale Philip A.
Published: January 2013

The development of small‐molecule lipid‐bilayer anion transporters for potential future use in channel replacement therapy for the treatment of diseases caused by dysregulation of anion transport (such as cystic fibrosis), and in treating cancer by perturbing chemical gradients within cells, thus triggering apoptosis, is an area of intense current interest. This Minireview looks at recent developments in the design of small‐molecule transmembrane anion transporters and focuses on the progress so far in employing these compounds in biological systems.
Novel Mannich Bases, 5‐Arylimidazolidine‐2,4‐dione Derivatives with Dual 5‐HT1A Receptor and Serotonin Transporter Affinity
Authors: Czopek Anna , Kołaczkowski Marcin , Bucki Adam , Byrtus Hanna , Pawłowski Maciej , Siwek Agata , Bojarski Andrzej J. , Bednarski Marek , Wróbel Dagmara , Wesołowska Anna
Published: January 2013

A computer aided ligand design study of imidazolidine‐2,4‐dione derivatives was conducted in order to obtain compounds with dual 5‐HT1A receptor and serotonin transporter (SERT) affinity. According to molecular modeling results, series of Mannich bases were chosen and synthesized. Investigated compounds were tested for 5‐HT1A, 5‐HT2A, α1 and SERT affinity. Two selected compounds (5, 9) were characterized in functional experiments and possessed a pharmacological profile which may enhance SERT blocking efficacy – 5‐HT1A partial agonism and 5‐HT2A antagonism in one molecule. Furthermore these compounds displayed satisfactory selectivity over adrenergic α1 receptors. The most promising compounds, 5‐arylimidazolidine‐2,4‐dione derivatives with 4‐(3‐chlorophenyl)piperazinylmethyl moiety were tested for antidepressant and anxiolytic activity. In particular, compound 5 (5‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐3‐{1‐[4‐(3‐chlorophenyl)piperazin‐1‐yl]methyl}‐imidazolidine‐2,4‐dione), tested in the forced swim test in mice, exhibited a favorable antidepressant‐like profile without affecting spontaneous locomotor activity.
Improving outcomes of living-donor right hepatectomy
Authors: Kim S H , Kim Y K
Published: January 2013

Background

Complication rates of living-donor right hepatectomy remain a matter of major concern. The aim of this study was to achieve near-zero morbidity for living-donor right hepatectomy in a single centre.

Methods

All living donors who underwent right hepatectomy between January 2005 and September 2011 were enrolled in this retrospective study. During this interval, modifications in surgical technique and management included upper midline laparotomy, use of wound protectors, hanging manoeuvre during parenchymal transection using Glisson's approach, no intraoperative cholangiography, no intensive care unit stay after surgery, no central venous catheterization, and reduction in systemic heparin dose before graft removal. Donor characteristics, operative outcomes and complications graded according to Clavien's classification were recorded.

Results

A total of 300 donors were enrolled and these were divided into three groups of 100 operated on in consecutive time periods. Groups were comparable with regard to donor characteristics. The overall complication rate was 16·0 per cent, with no deaths. From group 1 to group 3, the duration of operation (P < 0·001), length of hospital stay (P < 0·001), and rate of overall (P < 0·001) and grade IIIb (P = 0·019) complications decreased significantly. In the most recent group, the morbidity rate was 3·0 per cent without any major complications, reoperation or blood transfusions. All donors recovered completely.

Conclusion

This study suggests that near-zero morbidity may be reached after right hepatectomy in carefully selected living donors by continuous refinement of surgical technique and management.
Population-based study of laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery 2006–2008
Authors: Taylor E F , Thomas J D , Whitehouse L E , Quirke P , Jayne D , Finan P J , Forman D , Wilkinson J R , Morris E J A
Published: January 2013

Background

Clinical guidelines recommend that, where clinically appropriate, laparoscopic tumour resections should be available for patients with colorectal cancer. This study aimed to examine the introduction of laparoscopic surgery in the English National Health Service.

Methods

Data were extracted from the National Cancer Data Repository on all patients who underwent major resection for a primary colorectal cancer diagnosed between 2006 and 2008. Laparoscopic procedures were identified from codes in the Hospital Episode Statistics and National Bowel Cancer Audit Project data in the resource. Trends in the use of laparoscopic surgery and its influence on outcomes were examined.

Results

Of 58 135 resections undertaken over the study period, 10 955 (18·8 per cent) were attempted laparoscopically. This increased from 10·0 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 8·1 to 12·0) per cent in 2006 to 28·4 (25·4 to 31·4) per cent in 2008. Laparoscopic surgery was used less in patients with advanced disease (modified Dukes' stage ‘D’ versus A: odds ratio (OR) 0·45, 95 per cent c.i. 0·40 to 0·50), rectal tumours (OR 0·71, 0·67 to 0·75), those with more co-morbidity (Charlson score 3 or more versus 0: OR 0·69, 0·58 to 0·82) or presenting as an emergency (OR 0·15, 0·13 to 0·17). A total of 1652 laparoscopic procedures (15·1 per cent) were converted to open surgery. Conversion was more likely in advanced disease (modified Dukes' stage ‘D’ versus A: OR 1·56, 1·20 to 2·03), rectal tumours (OR 1·29, 1·14 to 1·46) and emergencies (OR 2·06, 1·54 to 2·76). Length of hospital stay (OR 0·65, 0·64 to 0·66), 30-day postoperative mortality (OR 0·55, 0·48 to 0·64) and risk of death within 1 year (hazard ratio 0·60, 0·55 to 0·65) were reduced in the laparoscopic group.

Conclusion

Laparoscopic surgery was used more frequently in low-risk patients.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Energetic Properties of Closed Shell XFn (X: Cl, Br, and I; n = 1—7) and XOnFm (X: Cl, Br, and I; n = 1—3; m = 0—6) Molecules and Ions Leading to Stability Predictions for Yet Unknown Compounds.
Authors: Thanthiriwatte K. Sahan , Vasiliu Monica , Dixon David A. , Christe Karl O.
Published: January 2013

Atomization energies at 0 K and heats of formation at 0 and 298 K are calculated for the title halogen fluorides and oxofluorides using a composite electronic structure approach based on CCSD(T) computations extrapolated to the complete basis set limit.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures and Phase Transitions of CePd3+xGa8‐x: New Variants of the BaHg11 Structure Type.
Authors: Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , et al. et al.
Published: January 2013

The title compounds are prepared in Ga flux.
ChemInform Abstract: [Te8][NbOCl4]2 Containing an Infinite Chain‐Like {[Te—Te—Te—(Te5)]2+}n Polycation.
Authors: Feldmann Claus , Freudenmann Dominic
Published: January 2013

Translucent black crystals of the title compound are obtained from mixtures of Te, NbCl5, and NbOCl3 in the ionic liquid [bmim]Cl (Ar filled glass ampules, 423 K, 14 d; 30% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Na3Cd3B(PO4)4: A New Noncentrosymmetric Borophosphate with Zero‐Dimensional Anion Units.
Authors: Shi Yunjing , Pan Shilie , Dong Xiaoyu , Wang Ying , Zhang Min , Zhang Fangfang , Zhou Zhongxiang
Published: January 2013

The title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of Na2CO3, CdO, H3BO3, and NH4H2PO4 in the molar ratio 1.5:3:1:4 (sealed silica tube, 680 °C, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical and Photochemical Functionality of the First Molecular Bismuth Vanadium Oxide.
Authors: Tucher Johannes , Nye Leanne C. , Ivanovic‐Burmazovic Ivana , Notarnicola Antonio , Streb Carsten
Published: January 2013

The first molecular bismuth vanadium oxide cluster compound H3 [{Bi(dmso)3}4V13O40] ·≈4DMSO is synthesized by addition of an aqueous Bu4NOH solution to a hot solution of Bi(NO3)3 and (Bu4N)3[H3V10O28] in DMSO/2% H2O (80 °C, 1 h, 91% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Oxidation of N‐Alkylimines Using Chiral α‐Bromonitriles and Hydrogen Peroxide System.
Authors: Tka Najeh , Kraiem Jamil , Hassine Bechir Ben
Published: January 2013

The system chiral α‐bromonitriles/hydrogen peroxide is examined for the enantio‐ and diastereoselective oxidation of N‐alkylimines in aqueous medium at room temperature yielding the corresponding oxaziridines.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Construction of Acyclic Systems with Two Adjacent Quaternary Stereocenters by Allylation of Ketones.
Authors: Takeda Takeshi , Yamamoto Masanori , Yoshida Satoshi , Tsubouchi Akira
Published: January 2013

Unsymmetrical ketones and allyltitanocenes generated by the desulfurizative titanation of γ,γ‐disubstituted allyl phenyl sulfides give the corresponding alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity Oriented Approach to Polycyclic Compounds Through the Diels—Alder Reaction and the Suzuki Coupling.
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Misra Shilpi , Srinivas Venu
Published: January 2013

A method for preparation of small, drug‐like molecules based on indane, tetraline and isoquinoline scaffolds is developed starting from 1,2‐bis(bromomethyl)tetrahalobenzenes using Diels—Alder reactions, alkylations and Suzuki couplings.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid and Efficient Access to Secondary Arylmethylamines.
Authors: Fleury‐Bregeot Nicolas , Raushel Jessica , Sandrock Deidre L. , Dreher Spencer D. , Molander Gary A.
Published: January 2013

The title compounds are prepared by the Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling of secondary ammoniomethyltrifluoroborates (III) with aryl/heteroaryl bromides in the presence of aminobiphenyl palladium precatalyst PPA.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II)—Acid‐Cocatalyzed Intermolecular Substitution of Electron‐Rich Aromatics with Diazoesters.
Authors: Tayama Eiji , Ishikawa Moe , Iwamoto Hajime , Hasegawa Eietsu
Published: January 2013

Various N‐functionalized anilines such as (Ib)—(Ie) and (IV) or electron‐rich alkoxybenzenes (VI) undergo a Cu(II)‐catalyzed electrophilic aromatic substitution with diazoesters in the presence of acidic catalysts under optimized conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,4‐Bis(aryloxy)‐1,5‐diarylpentane‐1,5‐diones by Base‐Mediated Tandem Reaction.
Authors: Xie Ye‐Xiang , et al. et al.
Published: January 2013

A simple process is developed for the double nucleophilic substitution of dichloromethane with aryloxymethyl aryl ketones to give functionalized pentanediones in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐(1‐Methyl‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)methyleneamines and 3,3‐Diaryl‐4‐(1‐methyl‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)azetidin‐2‐ones as Potential Antileishmanial Agents.
Authors: Singh Girija S. , Al‐kahraman Yasser M. S. A. , Mpadi Disah , Yasinzai Masoom
Published: January 2013

Novel azetidine‐2‐ones (III), obtained via Staudinger cycloaddition, are screened for their antileishmanial activity against Leishmania major.
ChemInform Abstract: A Modular and Scalable One‐Pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted Furans.
Authors: Fournier Jeremy , Arseniyadis Stellios , Cossy Janine
Published: January 2013

This one‐pot, four‐step sequence consists of Pd‐catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation followed by Cope rearrangement, nucleophilic addition and dehydration.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4‐Addition of an Aryllithium Reagent to Diethyl Ketomalonate. Scalable Synthesis of Ethyl 1‐(Hydroxymethyl)‐1,3‐dihydroisobenzofuran‐1‐carboxylate.
Authors: Rocke Benjamin N. , Conn Edward L. , Eisenbeis Shane A. , Ruggeri Roger B.
Published: January 2013

The title compound (IV) is prepared on a large scale.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Thorpe—Ziegler Cyclization of 3‐O‐Alkylated Thiophenes; Access to Aminothieno[3,2‐b]furans and Aminothieno[3,4‐b]furans.
Authors: Gadais Charlene , Hesse Stephanie , Kirsch Gilbert
Published: January 2013

It is demonstrated that base promoted intramolecular condensation occurs preferentially on the adjacent nitrile group rather than at an ester or at a ketone substituent.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organo‐SOMO Cycloadditions: A Catalytic Approach to Complex Pyrrolidines from Olefins and Aldehydes.
Authors: Jui Nathan T. , Garber Jeffrey A. O. , Finelli Fernanda Gadini , MacMillan David W. C.
Published: January 2013

A new method to rapidly generate pyrrolidines is accomplished by using commercially available or easily preparable starting materials and catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Series of Bisbenzimidazole Derivatives: Synthesis, Antitumor Activity and Low Toxicity on PBMC.
Authors: Wang Xiu‐Jun , Wang Qing‐He , Liu Chao , Li Wei , Wang Jian , Yang Na , Cheng Mao‐Sheng
Published: January 2013

A new series of bisbenzimidazole derivatives (VI) is designed and synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of 4‐(Substituted styryl/alkenyl)‐3,5‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐isoxazoles as Ligands for the Estrogen Receptor.
Authors: Haddad Terra , Gershman Rachel , Dilis Robert , Labaree David , Hochberg Richard B. , Hanson Robert N.
Published: January 2013

4‐(Substituted styryl/alkenyl)‐3,5‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐isoxazoles of type (III) and (VII) are prepared and evaluated as ligands for the estrogen receptor‐alpha (ERα) The 4‐(4‐hydroxy‐styryl) derivative (VII) displays binding properties similar to those of the previously described pyrazole class of ER ligands, indicating that the ERα‐LBD tolerates the presence of the added vinyl group at the 4‐position of the isoxazole ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Bismuth Triflate‐Catalyzed Friedel—Crafts Acylations of Sydnones.
Authors: Mahoney Jennifer , Turnbull Kenneth , Cubberley Mark
Published: January 2013

The acylation is significantly influenced by steric and electronic effects.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Highly Enantioenriched 2‐Substituted Piperidines and 6‐Substituted Piperidine‐2‐ones by a Combination Enantioselective Hydrazone Allylation with Ring Closing Metathesis.
Authors: Piao Fengnu , Mishra Mithilesh Kumar , Jang Doo Ok
Published: January 2013

An efficient method for the synthesis of the title compounds is developed for a variety of substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Quinoline‐Oxadiazole‐Based Azetidinone Derivatives.
Authors: Dodiya Amit M. , Shihory Niraj R. , Desai N. C.
Published: January 2013

Compounds (III), combining biologically relevant quinoline, oxadiazole and azetidinone structural units in one molecule, show moderate to excellent antibacterial and antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐(Hetero)arylthieno[2,3‐b] or [3,2‐b]Pyridines from 2,3‐Dihalopyridines, (Hetero)arylalkynes, and Na2S. Further Functionalizations.
Authors: Peixoto Daniela , Begouin Agathe , Queiroz Maria‐Joao R. P.
Published: January 2013

A simple, general, and efficient methodology for the synthesis of the title compounds is described for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Based Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation of 3‐Methoxyquinoxalin‐2‐carboxamides as Structurally Novel Serotonin Type‐3 Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Mahesh Radhakrishnan , Devadoss Thangaraj , Dhar Arghya Kusum , Venkatesh Sudali Muthu , Mundra Sourabh , Pandey Dilip Kumar , Bhatt Shvetank , Jindal Ankur Kumar
Published: January 2013

New carboxamides are investigated for their 5‐HT3 receptor antagonisms.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of 2‐(Substituted phenoxyacetoxy)alkyl‐5,5‐dimethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaphosphinan‐2‐one Containing Fluorine.
Authors: Wang Wei , He Hong‐Wu , Zuo Na , Zhang Xin , Lin Ji‐Sheng , Chen Wei , Peng Hao
Published: January 2013

All the title dioxaphosphinanone derivatives (I) (17 examples) exhibit moderate to good herbicidal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Copper‐Catalyzed Reactions of Diazo Compounds
Authors: Zhao Xia , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo
Published: January 2013

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Jubilee of Methyl Jasmonate and Hedione®
Authors: Chapuis Christian
Published: January 2013

Review: 162 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Benzannulations: Asao—Yamamoto Benzopyrylium Pathway
Authors: Asao Naoki , Yamamoto Yoshinori
Published: January 2013

Review: 188 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Catalysis under Microwave Heating
Authors: Pizzetti Marianna , Petricci Elena
Published: January 2013

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bio‐Inspired Magnetic Carbon Materials
Authors: Titus Elby , Gracio Jose , Fagg Duncan P. , Singh Manoj K. , Sousa Antonio C. M.
Published: January 2013

Review: 117 refs.
Phase 2 study of preoperative radiation with concurrent capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab followed by surgery and postoperative 5‐fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin (FOLFOX), and bevacizumab in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: ECOG 3204
Authors: Landry Jerome C. , Feng Yang , Cohen Steven J. , Staley Charles A. , Whittington Richard , Sigurdson Elin Ruth , Nimeiri Halla , Verma Udit , Prabhu Roshan S. , Benson Al Bowen
Published: January 2013

BACKGROUND:

Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of combining oxaliplatin with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) or capecitibine and radiation therapy. The addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy improves overall survival for metastatic disease. We initiated a phase 2 trial to evaluate preoperative capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab with radiation therapy followed by surgery and postoperative 5‐FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) and bevacizumab for locally advanced rectal cancer.

METHODS:

Fifty‐seven patients with resectable T3/T4 rectal adenocarcinoma were enrolled. Preoperative treatment was capecitabine (825 mg/m2 twice daily from Monday to Friday), oxaliplatin (50 mg/m2 weekly), bevacizumab (5 mg/kg on days 1, 15, 29), and radiation therapy (50.4 Gy). Surgery was performed by 6 weeks after neoadjuvant therapy. Beginning 8 to 12 weeks after surgery, patients received FOLFOX plus bevacizumab (5 mg/kg) every 2 weeks for 12 cycles.

RESULTS:

Fifty‐four of 57 enrolled patients were eligible. Forty‐nine (91%) patients completed preoperative therapy and underwent surgery. Nine patients (17%; 90% confidence interval, 9%‐27%) achieved pathologic complete response. Thirty‐two patients (59%) experienced pathologic tumor downstaging, and 53% and 15% of patients experienced worst grade 3 and grade 4 acute toxicity, respectively. Forty‐seven percent of patients who underwent surgery experienced a surgical complication.

CONCLUSIONS:

The primary endpoint of a 30% pathologic complete response rate was not reached; however, the majority of patients experienced pathologic downstaging with this regimen. Increased wound‐healing delays and complications may have been related to the addition of bevacizumab, oxaliplatin, or both. Continued observation of these patients will establish the long‐term morbidity and efficacy of this combined modality approach. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Photo‐active Cobalt Cubane Model of an Oxygen‐Evolving Catalyst
Authors: Symes Mark D. , Lutterman Daniel A. , Teets Thomas S. , Anderson Bryce L. , Breen John J. , Nocera Daniel G.
Published: January 2013

A dyad complex has been constructed as a soluble molecular model of a heterogeneous cobalt‐based oxygen‐evolving catalyst (Co‐OEC). To this end, the Co4O4 core of a cobalt‐oxo cubane was covalently appended to ReI photosensitisers. The resulting adduct was characterised both in the solid state (by X‐ray diffraction) and in solution using a variety of techniques. In particular, the covalent attachment of the ReI moieties to the Co4O4 core promotes emission quenching of the ReI photocentres, with implications for the energy and electron transduction process of Co‐OEC‐like catalysts.
Role of vault cytology in follow‐up of hysterectomized women: Results and inferences from a low resource setting
Authors: Gupta Sanjay , Sodhani Pushpa , Singh Veena , Sehgal Ashok
Published: January 2013

The study was undertaken to assess the utility of cervico‐vaginal/vault cytology in the follow‐up of women treated for cervical cancer and benign gynecological conditions. Records of 3,523 cervico‐vaginal smears from 2,658 women who underwent hysterectomy and/or radiotherapy or chemotherapy, over a 10‐year period were retrieved. Data was collected on type of treatment received, indication for hysterectomy, age of patient, presenting symptoms, stage of tumor, interval since treatment, cytology and biopsy results. The results of cytology versus other parameters were analyzed separately for women treated for cervical cancer and those hysterectomized for benign indications. Malignant cells were detected in 141/1949 (7.2%) follow‐up smears from treated cervical cancer cases (140 recurrences and 1 VAIN). Around 92% of recurrences of cervical cancer were detected with in 2 years of follow‐up and 75% of these women were symptomatic. Cytology first alerted the clinicians to a recurrence in a quarter of cases. On the other hand, VAIN was detected in 5/1079 (0.46%) vault smears from 997 women hysterectomized for benign gynecologic disease. All these women were asymptomatic and majority (80%) were detected in follow‐up smears performed between 3 and 10 years. Vault cytology is an accurate tool to detect local recurrences/VAIN in women treated for cervical cancer or benign gynecological conditions. It may even first alert the clinicians to a possibility of recurrence. However, due to extremely low prevalence of VAIN/vaginal cancer, it seems unwarranted in women hysterectomized for benign indications, especially in resource constrained settings. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:762–766. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sleep apnoea syndrome and 10‐year cardiovascular risk in females with type 2 diabetes: relationship with insulin secretion and insulin resistance
Authors: Hermans Michel P. , Ahn Sylvie A. , Mahadeb Yovan P. , Rousseau Michel F.
Published: January 2013

Background

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and promotes cardiovascular events, especially in men. The prevalence of sleep apnoea and its association with microvascular and macrovascular diseases and glycaemic control are poorly documented in T2DM women.

Methods

A total of 305 T2DM women were sleep apnoea diagnosed through (hetero)anamnesis, Epworth's score, oximetry and polysomnography. Sleep apnoea[+] (n = 25) were compared with sleep apnoea[−] (n = 280) regarding cardiovascular risk factors, glucose homeostasis, micro/macrovascular complications and the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) 10‐year risk.

Results

Mean (1 SD) age was 66 (12) years, diabetes duration 15 (9) years, sleep apnoea prevalence 8.2% and metabolic syndrome 86%. There were no differences in age, diabetes duration, education, smoking and blood pressure between groups. Sleep apnoea[+] had significantly higher values of body mass index, waist, relative/absolute fat, conicity, visceral fat (all p < 0.0001) and lower skeletal muscle (p = 0.0008). The sleep apnoea[+] group was more insulin resistant [homeostasis model assessment (HOMA S): 37 (20)% versus 59 (44)%; p < 0.0001] and had lesser residual insulin secretion (HOMA B × S: 20 (12)% versus 30 (19)%; p = 0.0006), increased hyperbolic product loss (p = 0.0442) and poorer glycaemic control (HbA1c 69 (12) versus 62 (13) mmol mol−1; p = 0.0099). All atherogenic dyslipidaemia components and inflammatory markers were worsened in sleep apnoea[+]. Women with sleep apnoea had higher UKPDS risk of CAD: 18 (11)% versus 12 (10)% (p = 0.0136). Prevalent micro/macrovascular complications were not different between groups.

Conclusions

Sleep apnoea, a frequent comorbidity of T2DM women, is associated with central fat, atherogenic dyslipidaemia, inflammation, worsening β‐cell function, poorer glycaemic control and coronary artery disease risk. Sleep apnoea may increase residual vascular risk for microvascular and macrovascular events in T2DM women. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Structure, and Tungsten NMR Characterization of {SbW9O33}9–{Mo2O2S2}2+ Sandwich‐Like Polyoxothiometalates
Authors: Pilette Marie‐Anne , Floquet Sébastien , Marrot Jérôme , Sécheresse Francis , Cadot Emmanuel
Published: January 2013

The reaction of {SbW9O33}9– with {Mo2O2S2}2+ has been studied. The {SbW9O33}{Mo2O2S2} products are labile in solution and very sensitive to experimental conditions. Two new hybrids, {Mo2O2S2}‐containing tungstoantimonate anions, namely [(SbW9O33)2(Mo2O2S2)3]12– and [K(SbW9O33)2(Mo2O2S2)WO(H2O)]11–, have been fully characterized in the solid state and in solution by 183W NMR spectroscopy.
The calculation of the heat release rate by oxygen consumption in a controlled‐atmosphere cone calorimeter
Authors: Werrel Martin , Deubel Jan H. , Krüger Simone , Hofmann Anja , Krause Ulrich
Published: January 2013

The standard cone calorimeter according to ASTM E 1354 and ISO 5660 enables reaction‐to‐fire tests to be performed in ambient atmospheric conditions. A controlled‐atmosphere chamber modifies the standard apparatus in a way that allows tests to be performed in nonambient conditions as well. The enclosed chamber is placed underneath the standard exhaust hood and does not have a closed connection to the hood. With this open arrangement, the exhaust gases are diluted by excess air drawn in from the laboratory surroundings. Heat‐induced changes in the consequential dilution ratio affect the calculation of fire quantities and, when neglected, lead to deviations of up to 30% in heat release rate. The paper introduces a test protocol and equations to calculate the heat release rate taking dilution effects into account. A mathematical correction is shown that compensates for the dilution effects while avoiding extensive mechanical changes in the equipment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CO2 capture by antisublimation process and its technical economic analysis
Authors: Pan Xueqin , Clodic Denis , Toubassy Joseph
Published: January 2013

CO2 capture by antisublimation consists in cooling the flue gases down to the freezing temperature of CO2 and frosting CO2 on a low temperature heat exchanger surface at a temperature range defined by the CO2 concentration in the flue gases and the CO2 capture efficiency. CO2 is then defrosted and recovered in a liquid state. This CO2 capture process by antisublimation is called AnSU®. The CO2 frosting temperature in flue gases is much lower than the triple point of water and therefore before CO2 capture, water contained in flue gases is removed to reach high purity CO2.

This paper presents an overview of the antisublimation process and a brief review of test benches that have been set up in laboratory and on industry sites for validation and optimization of the antisublimation process dating back to the first one constructed in 2003. Energy consumption and cost penalty of CO2 capture by antisublimation are evaluated for a coal‐fired power plant. A technical and economic analysis has been made and compared to CO2 capture by oxycombustion for a cement plant. Those two processes can be seen as cryogenics options and the detailed comparison gives insight into where energy losses take place and which capture process could be most adapted depending on specifications of the cement industry. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Spatio‐temporal sedimentation patterns in beaver ponds along the Chevral river, Ardennes, Belgium
Authors: de Visscher M. , Nyssen J. , Pontzeele J. , Billi P. , Frankl A.
Published: January 2013

With the recovery of the European beaver (Castor fiber) and their capacity to engineer fluvial landscapes, questions arise as to how they influence sediment transport, including the spatio‐temporal trends and patterns of sedimentation in beaver ponds. The Chevral river (Ardennes, Belgium) contains two beaver dam sequences, which appeared in 2004. Volumes of sediment deposited behind the dams were measured, and grain‐size distribution patterns were determined. Flow discharges and sediment fluxes were measured at the inflow and outflow of each dam sequence. Between 2004 and 2011, 1710.1 m3 of sediment was deposited behind the beaver dams, with an average sediment thickness of 25.1 cm. The thickness of the sediment layer was significantly (p < 0.001) related to the area of the beaver ponds. Along the stream, beaver pond sediment thickness displayed a sinusoidal deposition pattern, in which ponds with thick sediment layers were preceded by a series of ponds with thinner sediment layers. A downstream textural coarsening in the dam sequences was also observed, probably because of dam failures subsequent to surges. Differences in sediment flux between the inflow and outflow at the beaver pond sequence were related to the river hydrograph, with deposition taking place during the rising limbs and slight erosion during the falling limbs. The 7‐year‐old sequences have filtered 190.19 ton of sediment out of the Chevral river, which is of the same order of magnitude as the 374.4 ton measured in pond deposits, with the difference between the values corresponding to beaver excavations (60.24 ton), inflow from small tributaries, and runoff from the valley flanks. Hydrogeomorphic effects of C. fiber and Castor canadensis activity are similar in magnitude. The detailed analysis of sedimentation in beaver pond sequences confirms the potential of beavers to contribute to river and wetland restoration, and catchment management. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physiological functions of protein kinase D in vivo
Authors: Ellwanger Kornelia , Hausser Angelika
Published: January 2013

The cellular functions of the serine/threonine protein kinase D (PKD) have been extensively studied within the last decade and distinct roles such as fission of vesicles at the Golgi compartment, coordination of cell migration and invasion, and regulation of gene transcription have been correlated with this kinase family. Here, we highlight the current state of in vivo studies on PKD function with a focus on animal models and discuss the molecular basis of the observed phenotypic characteristics associated with this kinase family. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(2)98–107, 2013
Synthesize, Characterization and Application of Phosphine‐free Polymer Supported Palladium Nanoparticles as Effective Catalyst in Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐coupling Reactions
Authors: Mahdavi Hossein , Hashemi Payam
Published: January 2013

Heterogeneous catalysts were developed by supporting palladium nanoparticles on modified cross‐linked polyacrylamide and successfully applied in Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions. These catalysts are stable to air and moisture, and no sign of metal leaching was detected during the reactions as judged by elemental analysis of palladium by ICP‐OES technique and hot filtration test, which demonstrates the heterogeneous character of the catalysts. High yields of desired products were resulted by using these phosphine‐free catalysts at temperatures below 80 °C without aid of any additional ligands. The heat stability of the catalysts at the operating temperature was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). These catalysts are easy to use and cost effective. They can be recovered from reaction mixture by a simple filtration and reused in more successive reactions without significant loss in activity. The catalyst activity was restored by an ultrasonication program after deactivation in 10 cycles.
Fabrication of 105Y, Alpha 1‐Anti Trypsin Peptide Conjugated Hybrid Nanoparticles for Biological Applications
Authors: Viswanathan Kaliyaperumal , Hong De gang , Chu Wu‐Ching , Lee Y. C.
Published: January 2013

In this report, we describe the characterizations and applications of hybrid nanoparticles. These nanoparticles have been synthesized by combination of organometallic, polymerization process and functionalized with a specific peptide for targeting expressed serpin‐enzyme complex (SEC) receptor of human hepatoma HepG2 cells. By using peptide conjugated hybrid nanoparticles, the specific receptor targeting, collections of cells were successfully achieved. The cell collection results indicated that, the maximum up to 95.32% of HepG2 cell were collected. The 5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay of HepG2 cells incubated with these nanoparticles indicated that, the peptide conjugated hybrid nanoparticles did not possess significant cytotoxicity. The rotating magnetic field induced cell death studies indicated that, the HepG2 cell showed up to 70% of cell death was induced by hybrid nanoparticles under magnetic field. Concluding, these studies demonstrate that the hybrid nanoparticles have the capability of effective separation, imaging, targeting and killing of the human hepatoma cells.
Probing Surface Enhancement Effect of Molecules On/Between Silver Nanoparticles in Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Cheng Min‐Liang , Yang Jyisy
Published: January 2013

To explore the mechanisms in Surface‐enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) measurements, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were first prepared by a silver mirror reaction to form different particle sizes and different distributions on glass substrates. After the resulting surfaces were probed with molecules of p‐Amino‐thiophenol (pATP), p‐Nitrothiophenol (pNTP), and p‐Mercaptobenzoic acid (pMBA) individually, the substrates were placed into reaction solutions to grow additional AgNPs. In this way, probe molecules could be trapped between two nanoparticles, possibly having the so‐called “hot spot” effect. To examine the variations of morphologies of AgNPs in each of the steps, the substrates were examined by field‐emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM). The morphologies also were correlated with the SERS signals. Two bands in the SERS spectra of probe molecules were selected as indications of the enhancements from electromagnetic (EM) effect and charge‐transfer (CT). Results indicate that the SERS signals from the EM effect were increased ca. 5 times after growing additional AgNPs on the molecule‐modified AgNPs substrates. The SERS signals from CT effect were increased two orders of magnitude after growing additional AgNPs. The increase of enhancement for molecules between AgNPs was caused mostly by CT effect. Based on the effect of particle size and distribution of the AgNPs, the EM effect was strongly influenced by the particle size of the AgNPs, while the CT effect was less sensitive to the variation of the morphologies of the AgNPs.
Preparation of Co3O4/graphene Oxide Composites by a Depositing‐decompostion Method and its Application for Electrochemical Determination of Glucose
Authors: Dai Gaopeng , Lu Pan , liang Ying , Lei Yuting
Published: January 2013

Co3O4/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites were successfully prepared by a depositing‐decomposition method. The as‐prepared samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to evaluate the electrochemical response of a glass carbon electrode (GCE) modified with Co3O4/GO nanocomposite towards glucose. Compared with the Co3O4/GCE, the Co3O4/GO/GCE exihibits higher electrocatalytic activity due to the synergistic effects of electrocatalytic ability of Co3O4 and large surface of GO. The Co3O4/GO/GCE was applied for glucose detection in alkaline solution. The linear current response range of glucose on Co3O4/GO/GCE covered the range from 9 × 10−5 to 6.03 × 10−3 M, with a detection limit of 5.2 × 10−7 M (S/N = 3).
On Cui‐Kano's Characterization Problem on Graph Factors
Authors: Lu Hongliang , Wang David G.L.
Published: January 2013

An ‐factor of a graph G is defined to be a spanning subgraph F of G such that each vertex has a degree belonging to the set in F, where . In this article, we investigate ‐factors of graphs by using Lovász's structural descriptions to the degree prescribed subgraph problem. We find some sufficient conditions for the existence of an ‐factor of a graph. In particular, we make progress on the characterization problem for a special family of graphs proposed by Cui and Kano in 1988.
On s‐Hamiltonian Line Graphs
Authors: Lai Hong‐Jian , Shao Yehong
Published: January 2013

For an integer s ≥ 0, a graph G is s‐hamiltonian if for any vertex subset with |S′| ≤ s, G ‐ S′ is hamiltonian. It is well known that if a graph G is s‐hamiltonian, then G must be (s+2)‐connected. The converse is not true, as there exist arbitrarily highly connected nonhamiltonian graphs. But for line graphs, we prove that when s ≥ 5, a line graph is s‐hamiltonian if and only if it is (s+2)‐connected.
Simulated and projected climate extremes in the Zhujiang River Basin, South China, using the regional climate model COSMO‐CLM
Authors: Fischer Thomas , Menz Christoph , Su Buda , Scholten Thomas
Published: January 2013

This study presents a detailed analysis of simulated and projected climate extremes in the Zhujiang River Basin (ZRB). Daily output from the regional climate model COSMO‐CLM (CCLM), driven by the ECHAM5 general circulation model, is used. The hindcast simulation covers the period from 1961 to 2000 while the projection concentrates on the near future period from 2011 to 2050. Spatio‐temporal statistical characteristics are investigated for three temperature and three precipitation indicators. The six simulated annual and monthly indicators are statistically compared with synoptic observations. The analysis is based on daily values of 195 grid points and 192 meteorological stations.

The findings are presented and interpreted in terms of the model's capability. Compared to observations, slightly higher values for temperature indicators and slightly lower values for precipitation indicators are simulated. With the resulting good similarities in the spatial variation and trends, we conclude that CCLM is able to satisfyingly reproduce climate extreme for the simulated period. Therefore, our analyses show that CCLM can be used to project climate extremes in the ZRB for the period from 2011 to 2050. The projected changes indicate warmer and wetter conditions in the northern and southern regions, especially in winter and spring. This includes more intense rainfall events, which might potentially increase the risk of flooding in the central parts of the basin in these seasons. Warmer and dryer conditions can be expected in the western and eastern parts of the region, especially in summer and fall. These lower precipitation amounts but warmer temperatures will probably increase the evapotranspiration, which potentially leads to a higher risk of drought. Regarding these findings in climate extremes, adverse consequences in various sectors, such as agriculture, water, and energy should be anticipated.