bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transition‐Metal‐Free Controllable Single and Double Difluoromethylene Formal Insertions into C−H Bonds of Aldehydes with TMSCF2Br
Authors: Liu An , Ni Chuanfa , Xie Qiqiang , Hu Jinbo
Published: December 2022

We have developed a new strategy for controllable single and double difluoromethylene (CF2) formal insertions into C−H bonds of aldehydes with nearly full selectivity under transition‐metal‐free conditions. The key to the success of controllable CF2 insertions lies in the well‐defined formation of 2,2‐difluoroenolsilyl ether and 2,2,3,3‐tetrafluorocyclopropanolsilyl ether intermediates using difluorocarbene reagent TMSCF2Br (TMS=trimethylsilyl). These two intermediates can react with various electrophiles including proton sources and various halogenation reagents, allowing for the access to diverse arrays of ketones containing difluoromethylene (CF2) and tetrafluoroethylene (CF2CF2) units. The first synthesis of relatively stable 2,2,3,3‐tetrafluorocyclopropanolsilyl ethers has been achieved, which offers a new platform to explore other unknown chemical space.
Implementing life cycle sustainability assessment for improved space mission design
Authors: Wilson Andrew R. , Vasile Massimiliano , Maddock Christie , Baker Keith
Published: December 2022

Within the space sector, the application of Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (E-LCA) is beginning to emerge as a credible and compelling method for scientifically quantifying environmental impacts of space missions. However, E-LCA does not fully align with the concept of triple-bottom-line sustainability, while the combination of all three sustainability dimensions (environment, society, and economy) within a single life cycle study has thus far never been attempted within the space industry. Moving toward a Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) is, therefore, a logical next step for the space sector to allow these three sustainability dimensions to be addressed. Consequently, this article presents the underlying principles of a new LCSA framework for space missions and demonstrates its applicability for improving system-level design concepts based on the interaction between sustainability dimensions. The framework was formed based on a systematic literature review to analyze the background, issues, and knowledge gaps related to life cycle methodologies, as well as context-specific sustainability aspects. The framework has been implemented within a life cycle database called the Strathclyde Space Systems Database (SSSD). Using the SSSD, the framework was tested on a mission concept called Moon Ice Observation Satellite to demonstrate how changes in the design for a circular economy and other sustainability-based principles will affect the functionality of the mission at the system level. It is envisaged that this framework will enable engineers to create sustainable space systems, technologies, and products that are not only cost-efficient, eco-efficient, and socially responsible, but also ones that can easily justify and evidence their sustainability. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1002–1022. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Assessment of the sustainable use of chemicals on a level playing field
Authors: Everard Mark
Published: December 2022

Misleading conclusions can result from applying tools beyond the purposes for which they were designed. A range of chemical assessment systems was compared against a set of principles germane to the sustainable use of chemicals relevant to the whole societal life cycles of finished products. These principles of sustainable use included: wider dimensions of sustainability, a foundation in science, consideration of life-cycle risk rather than simply intrinsic chemical properties, contributions to meeting human needs, open access, and peer review. A transparent basis in science is important for deriving objective, comparable, and replicable sustainability-based findings across materials and applications, and for guiding innovation. Few assessment systems currently identify how use of substances contributes to meeting human needs, a vital albeit often overlooked aspect of sustainable development, with most based largely on potential hazard without addressing wider life-cycle exposure and risk assessment. Qualitatively differing substances were illustratively assessed against the sustainability principles and life-cycle context of the Additive Sustainability Footprint (ASF), aspects of this analysis highlighting how differing material sourcing, manufacturing, and management in-use and at end-of-life can lead to widely divergent sustainability assessments. These illustrative ASF assessments also demonstrate that material use challenges, assessed on a systemic basis, are common across materials, with no defensible automatic assumption that there are inherently “good” or “bad” materials; differing stewardship across whole product life cycles substantially influences sustainability credentials for all materials. It is therefore important that the sustainability performance of all materials is assessed on an objective “level playing field,” which also highlights “hot spots” for sustainable innovation from supply-chain management through manufacturing, substance selection by material compounders, maintenance inputs in product use, and beyond product end-of-life. Chemical regulation must evolve to include and embed wider sustainability principles into operational practice and become applicable and enforced across increasingly global value chains. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1131–1146. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Peritoneal recurrence after resection for Stage I–III colorectal cancer: A population analysis
Authors: Aiken Taylor , Hu Chung‐Yuan , Uppal Abhineet , Francescatti Amanda B. , Fournier Keith F. , Chang George J. , Zafar Syed Nabeel
Published: December 2022

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) often recurs in the peritoneum, although the pattern of peritoneal recurrence (PR) has received less attention. We sought to describe the presentation and risk factors for PR following CRC resection.

Methods

We performed a cohort study of patients undergoing resection of Stage I–III CRC from 2006 to 2007 using merged data from a Commission on Cancer Special Study and the National Cancer Database. We estimated the timing, method of detection, and risk factors for isolated PR.

Results

Here, 8991 patients were included and isolate PR occurred in 77 (0.9%) patients. The median time to PR was 16.2 months (intrquartile range = 9.3–28.0 months) and most patients were identified via new symptoms (36.4%). Pathologic factors associated with increased odds of PR included higher T stage (T3 vs. T2, odds ratio [OR] = 4.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5–15.7), N stage (N1 vs. N0, OR = 2.00, CI = 1.1–3.7), and signet ring (OR = 8.2, CI = 3.0–22.3) or mucinous histology (OR = 2.6, CI = 1.5–4.7).

Conclusions

The majority of PR was detected within 18 months and few were identified by surveillance. Advanced T/N stage and signet ring/mucinous histology were associated with increased odds of PR.
Effect of bladder filling volume on detrusor contractility in men with bladder outlet obstruction
Authors: Hermieu Nicolas , Chesnel Camille , Teng Maëlys , Xylinas Evanguelos , Ouzaid Idir , Hermieu Jean‐François , Amarenco Gérard , Hentzen Claire
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Bladder outlet obstruction alters detrusor contractility, reducing the bladder's ability to respond to large filling with a risk of urinary retention.

The objective was to assess the effect of bladder filling volume on detrusor contractility in men with bladder outlet obstruction.

Methods

A prospective multicenter study in two pelviperineology departments. Male patients eligible for urodynamics (IPSS score > 7) were included from January to July 2022. In case of absence of bladder outlet obstruction on pressure‐flow studies, they were secondarily excluded. The primary endpoint was the maximum isometric detrusor pressure during a stop‐test, corresponding to detrusor contractility, measured at 3 filling volumes (50%, 75%, and 100% of cystometric capacity).

Results

Fifty‐two patients performed urodynamics, of whom 12 were excluded because of lack of obstruction or inability to perform the stop‐test. Detrusor contractility was significantly higher for a 75% bladder filling than 50% and for a 75% filling than 100%, with a mean difference of 19.5; confidence interval (CI) 95% [14.3; 24.8] and 12.2; CI 95% [6.9; 17.5] cmH2O respectively (p < 0,01).

Conclusion

In case of bladder outlet obstruction in men, detrusor contractility depends on bladder filling volume, with reduced contractility when the bladder was underfilled or overfilled. This phenomenon could help to explain the mechanisms of urinary retention in men with bladder outlet obstruction.
Improvement of interfacial adhesion of CuO nanostructured carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Rai Ravi Shankar , Bajpai Vivek
Published: December 2022

Hydrothermal technique was used to deposit copper‐oxide (CuO) nanostructures on woven carbon fibers (WCF) to produce a nanostructured interphase that increased the interfacial strength with an epoxy resin matrix. In order to create laminated hybrid composites, CuO‐modified WCF was reinforced with mixture of bisphenol‐A epoxy resin and dimethyl aniline hardener as matrix using the vacuum bagging approach. Enhanced mechanical qualities are the result of increased volume fraction of CuO nanostructures, where the void content is minimal. The mechanical characteristics such as impact strength and tensile strength of CuO‐coated WCF reinforced epoxy resin composite samples were assessed using drop‐down impact test and universal material testing system. The outcomes demonstrate a considerable improvement in impact energy absorption (74.8%), elastic modulus (52%) tensile strength (42%) and in‐plane shear strength (32%) for the CuO‐coated WCF reinforced epoxy resin composites. This work demonstrates that the development of CuO nanostructures can lessen composite delamination and enhance composite performance because of the increase in interfacial surface area between the matrix and the fiber by CuO nanostructures potentially expanding the spectrum of structural applications for these materials.
Competition in the deep sea: phylogeny determines destructive impact of wood-boring xylophagaids (Mollusca: Bivalvia)
Authors: Voight Janet R. , Heck Philipp R. , Du Clos Kevin T.
Published: December 2022

How biotic interactions contribute to structuring deep-sea communities remains poorly known. An example of exploitation competition, in which over time one species dominates a habitat to preclude its use by competitors, is highlighted here. Sunken wood is the obligate habitat of deep-sea wood borers of the Xylophagaidae Purchon, 1941 which eat wood and, with symbiotic bacteria, digest it. Enigmatically, some wood falls remain robust despite xylophagaid boring. Xylophagaids bore other wood falls so heavily that they crumble after just a few months. We perform a meta-analysis of experimental wood deployments and view the results from a phylogenetic perspective. Of 15 deployments recovered after 5 to 25 months from 200 to 3232 m deep, seven were so heavily bored to be crushable by hand. Eight were bored but remained robust. The groups did not significantly differ in wood size, type, temperature, depth, or duration. Members of theXylophaga dorsalis(Turton, 1819) clade, reported in two studies to recruit and bore faster than confamilials, bored all seven crushable deployments; seven of the eight intact deployments were bored by other xylophagaids. Fecal chimneys line and thus narrow the boreholes of this clade; fluid flow is impeded, a clear liability. The lignin-rich fecal chimneys may, however, cue larval settlement and at resultant high population densities, lower oxygen availability. Members of theX. dorsalisclade, being hypoxia-tolerant, thrive but other xylophagaids appear to suffer, perhaps due to interference competition. The shared derived characters that unite this clade allow them to exploit low-oxygen wood that is intolerable for competitors.
Changes in neutrophile-to-lymphocyte ratio as predictive and prognostic biomarker in metastatic prostate cancer treated with taxane-based chemotherapy
Authors: Neuberger Manuel , Weiß Christel , Goly Nora , Skladny Janina , Nitschke Katja , Wessels Frederik , Kowalewski Karl F. , Waldbillig Frank , Hartung Friedrich , Nientiedt Malin , Egen Luisa , Herrmann Jonas , Jarczyk Jonas , Walach Margarete Teresa , Kriegmair Maximilian C. , Westhoff Niklas , Worst Thomas S. , Nuhn Philipp
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To assess the predictive and prognostic value of changes in longitudinal neutrophile-to-lymphocyte (NLR) ratios in men receiving taxane-based chemotherapy for metastatic prostate cancer (PC).

Methods

Retrospective, unicentric cohort study of patients treated with either docetaxel for metastatic hormone-sensitive PC (mHSPC) or docetaxel or cabazitaxel for metastatic castration-refractory PC (mCRPC) at a tertiary referral hospital between 2010 and 2019. NLR ratios were calculated for each cycle. Next, slopes over the first three (NLR3) and over six cycles (NLR6) were calculated and analysed for biochemical/radiologic response and survival.

Results

A total of 36 mHSPC (docetaxel), 118 mCRPC (docetaxel) and 38 mCRPC (cabazitaxel) patients were included. NLR3 was significantly associated with 1-year-survival, radiographic and biochemical response in mCRPC (docetaxel) in uni- and multivariable analyses. In mCRPC (docetaxel), positive NLR3s were associated with favourable 1-year-survival.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated NLR3 as a prognostic marker in men receiving docetaxel for mCRPC. NLR3 might be a clinical tool to reflect the individual’s response to taxane-based chemotherapy. Thereby, NLR3 could complement existing biomarkers and help to early identify treatment failure before complications arise. Further prospective and multicentric studies are needed to extend and confirm the presented results.
Using Storytelling to Promote Organizational Resilience: An Experimental Study of Different Forms of Risk Communication
Authors: Kampmann Andrea , Pedell Burkhard
Published: December 2022

In this experimental study, we compare the influence of risk communication in the form of stories versus statistics on the level of investment in a resilience-promoting activity. We also analyze how this influence interacts with time gap and with an individual’s preferences for risk and numbers. The results indicate that individuals invest more in a resilience-promoting activity when communication comes as a story. This finding holds irrespective of an individual’s risk preference. The results did not confirm the expectation that communication in story form leads to a more enduring effect than communication in statistical form. The expectation that the preference for numbers influences the effectiveness of a specific communication form was also not confirmed.
Indole-3-carbinol in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-Cov-2 virus and in vivo toxicity
Authors: Centofanti Federica , Alonzi Tonino , Latini Andrea , Spitalieri Paola , Murdocca Michela , Chen Xiaodong , Cui Weibo , Shang Qianwen , Goletti Delia , Shi Yufang , Duranti Andrea , Tomino Carlo , Biancolella Michela , Sangiuolo Federica , Capobianchi Maria Rosaria , Jain Suresh , Novelli Giuseppe , Pandolfi Pier Paolo
Published: December 2022

The effects of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) compound have been described deeply as antitumor drug in multiple cancers. Herein, I3C compound was tested for toxicity and antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Antiviral activity was assessed in vitro in both in VeroE6 cell line and human Lung Organoids (hLORGs) where I3C exhibited a direct anti-SARS-CoV-2 replication activity with an antiviral effect and a modulation of the expression of genes implicated in innate immunity and inflammatory response was observed at 16.67 μM. Importantly, we further show the I3C is also effective against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. In mouse model, instead, we assessed possible toxicity effects of I3C through two different routes of administration: intragastrically (i.g.) and intraperitoneally (i.p.). The LD50 (lethal dose 50%) values in mice were estimated to be: 1410 and 1759 mg/kg i.g.; while estimated values for i.p. administration were: 444.5 mg/kg and 375 mg/kg in male and female mice, respectively. Below these values, I3C (in particular at 550 mg/kg for i.g. and 250 mg/kg for i.p.) induces neither death, nor abnormal toxic symptoms as well as no histopathological lesions of the tissues analysed. These tolerated doses are much higher than those already proven effective in pre-clinical cancer models and in vitro experiments. In conclusion, I3C exhibits a significant antiviral activity, and no toxicity effects were recorded for this compound at the indicated doses, characterizing it as a safe and potential antiviral compound. The results presented in this study could provide experimental pre-clinical data necessary for the start of human clinical trials with I3C for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and beyond.
Comparing hybrid and regular COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity against the Omicron epidemic
Authors: Huang Lei , Lai Francisco Tsz Tsun , Yan Vincent Ka Chun , Cheng Franco Wing Tak , Cheung Ching Lung , Chui Celine Sze Ling , Li Xue , Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Wong Carlos King Ho , Hung Ivan Fan Ngai , Lau Chak Sing , Wong Ian Chi Kei , Chan Esther Wai Yin
Published: December 2022

Evidence on the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines among people who recovered from a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection is warranted to inform vaccination recommendations. Using the territory-wide public healthcare and vaccination records of over 2.5 million individuals in Hong Kong, we examined the potentially differential risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, and mortality between those receiving two homologous doses of BNT162b2 or CoronaVac versus those with a previous infection receiving only one dose amid the Omicron epidemic. Results show a single dose after a SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a lower risk of infection (BNT162b2: adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.475, 95% CI: 0.410–0.550; CoronaVac: adjusted IRR = 0.397, 95% CI: 0.309–0.511) and no significant difference was detected in the risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization or mortality compared with a two-dose vaccination regimen. Findings support clinical recommendations that those with a previous infection could receive a single dose to gain at least similar protection as those who received two doses without a previous infection.
A proof-of-concept study on the genomic evolution of Sars-Cov-2 in molnupiravir-treated, paxlovid-treated and drug-naïve patients
Authors: Alteri Claudia , Fox Valeria , Scutari Rossana , Burastero Giulia Jole , Volpi Sara , Faltoni Matteo , Fini Vanessa , Granaglia Annarita , Esperti Sara , Gallerani Altea , Costabile Valentino , Fontana Beatrice , Franceschini Erica , Meschiari Marianna , Campana Andrea , Bernardi Stefania , Villani Alberto , Bernaschi Paola , Russo Cristina , Guaraldi Giovanni , Mussini Cristina , Perno Carlo Federico
Published: December 2022

Little is known about SARS-CoV-2 evolution under Molnupiravir and Paxlovid, the only antivirals approved for COVID-19 treatment. By investigating SARS-CoV-2 variability in 8 Molnupiravir-treated, 7 Paxlovid-treated and 5 drug-naïve individuals at 4 time-points (Days 0-2-5-7), a higher genetic distance is found under Molnupiravir pressure compared to Paxlovid and no-drug pressure (nucleotide-substitutions/site mean±Standard error: 18.7 × 10−4 ± 2.1 × 10−4 vs. 3.3 × 10−4 ± 0.8 × 10−4 vs. 3.1 × 10−4 ± 0.8 × 10−4, P = 0.0003), peaking between Day 2 and 5. Molnupiravir drives the emergence of more G-A and C-T transitions than other mutations (P = 0.031). SARS-CoV-2 selective evolution under Molnupiravir pressure does not differ from that under Paxlovid or no-drug pressure, except for orf8 (dN > dS, P = 0.001); few amino acid mutations are enriched at specific sites. No RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) or main proteases (Mpro) mutations conferring resistance to Molnupiravir or Paxlovid are found. This proof-of-concept study defines the SARS-CoV-2 within-host evolution during antiviral treatment, confirming higher in vivo variability induced by Molnupiravir compared to Paxlovid and drug-naive, albeit not resulting in apparent mutation selection.
A regime beyond the Hall–Petch and inverse-Hall–Petch regimes in ultrafine-grained solids
Authors: Zhang Huijun , Liu Feng , Ungar Goran , Zheng Zhongyu , Sun Qingping , Han Yilong
Published: December 2022

The strength of polycrystal increases as the grain diameter l decreases, i.e. the Hall–Petch behaviour. This trend reverses at about 3 < l < 15 nm, i.e. the inverse-Hall–Petch behaviour. How the grain size affects material’s strength at l < 3 nm (~12 particles) remains unclear. Here our simulations use mixtures of soft and hard particles so that compression can continuously reduce l to merely a few particles, resulting in ultrafine-grained solids termed as glass-crystal composites. Beyond the conventional Hall–Petch strengthening and inverse-Hall–Petch softening, we observe a power-law strengthening at l < 14 particles as a result of the blockage of shear-banding by crystalline grains. Amorphous and crystalline regions accommodate shear strains via bond-breaking and collective rotation, respectively. Moreover, a polycrystal–glass transition occurs at l = 14 particles featured with peaks of various quantities, which deepens the understanding on softening–strengthening transition.
Structural characterization of a new fluorophosphotellurite glass system
Authors: Capelo Renato Grigolon , Gerdes Josef Maximilian , Rehfuß Ulrich , Silva Lais Dantas , Hansen Michael Ryan , van Wüllen Leo , Eckert Hellmut , Manzani Danilo
Published: December 2022

NMR provides detailed structural information and the charge compensation for the Na+. A comprehensive structural characterization of a fluorophosphotellurite glass system.
Luminescence, CPL and magnetic properties of 1D enantiopure Ln3+complexes with (S-) and (R-) α-methoxyphenylacetate ligand
Authors: Tubau Ànnia , Zinna Francesco , Di Bari Lorenzo , Font-Bardía Mercè , Vicente Ramon
Published: December 2022

Eight 1D chiral compounds [Ln(m-S/R-MPA)(S/R-MPA)2(phen)]n, Ln = Eu,Tb, Dy and Sm,S/R-HMPA = (S)-(+)- or (R)-(−)- α-Methoxyphenylacetic are reported. Magnetic and Luminescence study, including Circularly Polarized Luminescence, is also filed.
Understanding the relationships between solubility, stability, and activity of silicatein
Authors: Vigil Toriana N. , Rowson Mary-Jean C. , Frost Abigail J. , Berger Bryan W.
Published: December 2022

Silicatein fusion proteins display comparable silica and ceria biomineralization capabilities regardless of fusion partner or oligomerization status. Therefore, for scalable biomanufacturing, inherent properties of the enzyme should be explored.
Software Controller using Hand Gestures
Authors: Mumbare Samruddhi , Shivam Kunal , Lokhande Priyanka , Zaware Samruddhi , Deshpande Varad , Vayadande Kuldeep
Published: December 2022

New technologies emerge in response to the passage of time. Robotic hand gesture control is one of them. Collaboration frameworks based on gestures are becoming increasingly popular in the business and at home. The approach we suggested can greatly reduce the utilization of hardware components such as a keyboard and mouse. The goal of this research is to create a system that can recognize hand gestures and use them as an input command to connect with a computer or laptop. According to a recent study, the use of CNN technology is still lacking in Hand Gesture Recognition. Our research aims to leverage CNN technology to recognize gestures in both static and dynamic modes, and then deploy the trained model in real-time applications.
Investigation on Battery for Electric Vehicle Application
Authors: Revathy R. , Visveswar J.
Published: December 2022

Battery powered electric vehicles are becoming increasingly important in the automotive industry. It is hard to decide which battery meets all the most important characteristics from different perspectives such as energy storage efficiency, construction characteristics, cost price, safety and service life of today’s Electric Vehicles. Investigation on different types of batteries are discussed in this paper. Among the most important components of a car is the battery. Only the stored electrical energy in the battery provides the power for BEVs which is the unique source of energy. Various types of batteries are used in electric cars depending on their systems. The lithium-ion battery is the most common electric car battery. A battery which is considered zero emission is abbreviated as ZEBRA. In this paper, we can gain knowledge over the different types of battery options available for electric vehicles, along with their characteristics.
Design of Metal Hydride Pressure Vessel
Authors: Duda Filip , Tóth Lukáš , Jasminská Natália , Lazár Marián
Published: December 2022

This article describes the issue of hydrogen storage in the structure of metallic alloys and then solves the design and structural analysis in ANSYS Static Structural of low-pressure metal hydride steel vessel for hydrogen storage in metallic alloy based on MnTiVFeZr used for mobile applications.
Autonome Regulation durch entschleunigtes Atmen
Authors: Niklas Anke
Published: December 2022

Stress reduzieren, den Blutdruck senken, Ängste regulieren: Das entschleunigte Atmen ist eine sehr einfache, gut belegte und nachhaltige Intervention. Ein Gespräch mit Prof. Thomas Loew.
Nonlinear exceptional-point lasing with ab initio Maxwell–Bloch theory
Authors: Benzaouia Mohammed , Stone A. D. , Johnson Steven G.
Published: December 2022

We present a general analysis for finding and characterizing nonlinear exceptional point (EP) lasers above threshold using steady-state ab initio Maxwell–Bloch equations. For a system of coupled slabs, we show that a nonlinear EP is obtained for a given ratio between the external pumps in each resonator and that it is associated with a kink in the output power and lasing frequency, confirming coupled-mode theory predictions. Through numerical linear stability analysis, we confirm that the EP laser can be stable for a large enough inversion relaxation rate. We further show that the EP laser can be characterized by scattering a weak signal off the lasing cavity so that the scattering frequency spectrum exhibits a quartic divergence. Our approach can be applied to arbitrary scatterers with multi-level gain media.
Data-Driven Optimization of Energy Storage Allocation for Stable Outward Delivery in Wind and Solar Enrichment Region-A Case Study of Provincial Power Grid
Authors: Wang Bangyan , Wang Xiuli , Zhang Likai , Yuan Shengqi , Wang Shuai , Xin Chaoshan
Published: December 2022

The volatility and uncertainty of renewable energy sources aggravate the difficulties of power consumption balance in the new power system. One practical approach is to equip the grid with sufficient energy storage to reduce the operation risk. This paper focuses on a provincial grid with a heavy power outward delivery burden and its storage allocation problem. First, the optimization model with minimum storage allocation is established. Scenarios are constructed based on the typical set and the validation set. Second, a data-driven method is applied to build the typical set by k-means++. To describe the tolerance of wind and solar curtailed and delivery shedding, a chance-constrained approach is established and converted to linear constraints by big-M. The case study shows the power system needs considerable energy storage to ensure renewable energy consumption and delivery. With the lower tolerance, the allocated storage capacity will increase, and the lowest feasible tolerance is limited by scenarios with poor renewable output.
Research on Torque Current Error Control of PMSM Based on Model Predictive Control
Authors: Yan Hongliang , Zhang Kui , Xu Yuhao
Published: December 2022

To solve the problem that the torque pulsation is serious due to the large current error in the period when the duty cycle is calculated by the deadbeat method in the duty cycle dual-vector model predictive current control method, a vector switching method is proposed. The control objective of the proposed method is not to equate the predicted torque current with the reference value under the dead-beat idea, but to reduce the torque current control error by changing the switching time of the voltage vector and ensuring the symmetry of the positive and negative current errors. By deducing the duty cycle, the maximum current errors in a single control cycle before and after vector switching is compared and analyzed. The vector switching method is verified on the Simulink simulation platform and compared with the duty cycle double vector method. The results show that the vector switching method can effectively reduce the intra-cycle torque current tracking error and realize the optimal process control in each cycle.
Power Loss Analysis and Suggestions for Efficiency Improvement of Roof Distributed Photovoltaic System
Authors: Yang Guojin , Xue Yi , Wang Meng , Lv Junzhang , Yu Guangwen , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2022

With the gradual depletion of traditional fossil energy and the increasingly prominent environmental problems caused by it, China has proposed carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals to promote the transformation of the energy structure. Solar energy is one of the important renewable energy sources, and roof-distributed photovoltaic power generation technology has a broad market prospect. Given the efficiency analysis of the roof-distributed photovoltaic power generation system, this paper first establishes an analysis model of the roof-distributed photovoltaic power generation system, analyzes the factors affecting the power loss of each link in detail, and further clarifies the distribution characteristics of the power loss of the system through simulation. Finally, some suggestions are put forward for the efficiency promotion of the roof-distributed photovoltaic power generation system.
Capacity Configuration Strategy of Hybrid Energy Storage System Considering Photovoltaic Power Fluctuation Suppression and Operation Optimization
Authors: Cui Shaofeng , Li Wei , Sui Hailin , Xu Yibin , Wang Baoxiang , Qi Weiping , Sun Shaoyang , Li Guo
Published: December 2022

Photovoltaic (PV) is becoming popular in many countries. However, due to the influence of weather, the PV output power often fluctuates greatly in a short time, and its intermittence makes it difficult to meet the load demand. The Hybrid energy storage system (HESS) can smooth the PV power fluctuation and optimize the operation of the whole system. Therefore, this paper proposes a capacity configuration strategy for the HESS composed of a battery and super capacitor. The strategy aims to minimize the construction and operation costs. It contains a two-layer optimization model. The upper layer configures the capacity and output power of the HESS, and the lower model optimizes the operation of the PV-HESS system and solves the model through deep reinforcement learning. Finally, a PV demonstration project in Shandong Province, China, is taken as an example to verify the effectiveness of the HESS capacity configuration strategy.
Condition Assessment Method of Electronic Transformer Based on High-dimensional Random Matrix
Authors: Liu Cencen , Xia Tian , Tuo Jing , Chen Zechun , Zhao Cong
Published: December 2022

The operation status of the transformer in the substation is changeable, and the evaluation index can not be determined, which leads to an increase in evaluation error. The evaluation method of the electronic transformer based on a high-dimensional random matrix is studied and analyzed. A comprehensive evaluation of the needs and standards and analysis of the evaluation characteristics are targeted to clear the evaluation index and calculate the threshold, build a high-dimensional random matrix state assessment model, and use the wide-area measurement processing method to achieve state assessment. The test results show that the final evaluation error of the method is only 0.82, which is well controlled below 1. It indicates that in the process of practical application, the evaluation speed is fast, the accuracy is high, and the links are simplified, which has practical application value.
Reliability Evaluation of Distribution Networks Considering the Randomness of Wind Turbine Outputs
Authors: Zheng Xin , Liu Jing , Peng Ganrong , Liu Chaonan , Pan Zhiyuan , Wang Jing
Published: December 2022

With more and more distributed generators integrated into the distribution networks, the uncertain outputs of distributed generators make the reliability evaluations of distribution networks harder to be handled. However, the existing studies such as the analytical method and simulation method cannot take into account the accuracy and calculation efficiency at the same time in a real time operation. So this paper proposes a reliability evaluation method for distribution networks considering the randomness of WT outputs. Firstly, based on the probability level of the WT outputs in different scenarios by prediction error of wind speed, the island division method under multi-scenario conditions is proposed. Then, the reliability of the distribution network with WTs is evaluated by the improved minimal path method. Finally, numerical simulations on the IEEE-RBTS 6 bus system show the superiority of the proposed algorithm over existing methods.
Spin-wave directional coupler based on the Bloch-type magnetic domain walls
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Zhang Chen , Zhao Jia
Published: December 2022

Domain walls (DWs) as waveguides of spin waves (SWs) have been used to study SWs propagation properties in ferromagnetic thin films. In this work, we present a spin-wave (SW) directional coupler based on two Bloch-type DWs for the first time with micromagnetic simulations. The distance between the DWs is 40 nm, and the magnetization orientation is is parallel at the central positions of the two magnetic DWs. Under the dipolar interaction, the lowest-width SW mode is split into symmetric and antisymmetric modes, and the SW coupling length L is characterized to be 469nm.
Research on Grid Information Model (GIM) Technology of Transmission Line Based on Full-area Feature Weight Template Matching Recognition
Authors: Liu Qi , Zhao Jian , You Poyu , Wu Sirui , Wang Di
Published: December 2022

Aiming at the problems of low efficiency, poor spatial location and incomplete attribute information in current transmission line modeling methods, a refined modeling method for transmission lines based on full area feature weighted template matching is proposed. First, collect the point cloud of the scary line, and extract the point cloud data of the tower and power line; Secondly, statistical outlier filter is used to denoise point cloud data; Finally, the GIM model of the transmission line is constructed by using the whole region feature weighted template matching method, which realizes the integrity and lightweight of the geometric, appearance and semantic information of the three-dimensional model of the transmission line, improves the efficiency of the transmission line modeling, and is verified by taking a 500kV transmission line as an example.
Icing Detection Method of Transmission Line Based on Machine Vision
Authors: Dai Linfeng
Published: December 2022

The conventional icing detection method is mainly based on the manual detection of icing status. The texture correlation characteristics of icing are variables, which lead to large errors in the icing edge detection and affect the subsequent maintenance of transmission lines. Therefore, the transmission line icing detection method based on machine vision is designed in this paper. The method comprises the following steps of extracting the icing texture feature of the transmission line, namely extracting the correlation feature of an icing image, identifying an icing area by using machine vision technology, carrying out edge detection on the transmission line and finally obtaining the icing thickness of the transmission line to realize the accurate detection on the icing of the power transmission line. The comparative experimental results show that the detection error of this method is small, the detection accuracy is high, and it can be applied to real life.
Image Reconstruction Algorithm for Electrical Capacitance Tomography Based on Constrained Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Chen Shuai , Kan Zhe
Published: December 2022

When the particle swarm is active, the robustness of the system is quite great, which is very useful for solving ill-conditioned problems like picture reconstruction. In the reconstructed image, however, the large number of pixels results in the large dimension of particles, making it harder for particles to attain the ideal solution during the optimization process. A constraint condition is applied to the position of particles to solve this problem. The image reconstruction algorithm regularized by Tikhonov is used as the particle position reference to constrain the particles to search within a certain range of the algorithm, and the penalty function is used to solve the problem to improve the particle search speed. For the inertia weight of particle swarm, this paper uses linear decreasing weight to realize its adaptive dynamic adjustment, which improves the flexibility of the algorithm. When chaos operator is added to the particle swarm location search process, if the particle is trapped in a local optimum, the chaos variable will fluctuate within a certain range, thus reducing the error rate of the optimal solution. The experimental comparison results illustrate that the modified particle swarm optimization technique for the image reconstruction of Electrical Capacitance Tomography outperforms the classic LBP and Tikhonov algorithms in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
Design concepts of a new imaging system for a high-intensity XUV source beam by colour centres excitation in lithium fluoride crystals
Authors: Al-Juboori Haider M. , Danylyuk Serhiy
Published: December 2022

Stable colour centre production in lithium fluoride (LiF) crystals can employ as a high-spatial-resolution imaging tool for extreme ultraviolet (XUV) irradiation, as well as the possibility for images of the unfocused beam and the beam focused by a multi-layer mirror.

The LiF crystal sensitivity has sufficient to impress high-contrast photo-luminescent patterns with XUV single-pulse irradiation on an area up to 40mm2. The suggested imaging technique, using LiF as a detector, can contribute to reducing the lack of sufficient knowledge for XUV beam characterization and profile featurization which can open a very wide range of XUV metrology and tomography applications.

The experimental results explain the concepts of detection of high-intensity source at13.5nm using a YAG:Ce scintillator crystal embedded with a CMOS camera, additionally using LiF as a 2D high-resolution detector, and the work shows investigations outcomes and improvement procedure and analysis.

The results demonstrate the potential of LiF crystals as a sub-micrometre resolution two-dimensional imaging tool for XUV irradiation applications. Moreover, the research study explains the optimization sequences of the new imaging technique that will play an important role to predict the achievable spot size, geometry, beam profile and intensity distribution, as well as the characterization complexity of XUV source features.
Development of a Low-Cost Interrogation System Using a MEMS Fabry-Pérot Tunable Filter
Authors: Araújo João C. C. , Dias Bernardo , dos Santos Paulo S. S. , de Almeida J. M. M. M. , Coelho Luís C. C.
Published: December 2022

The interrogation of optic fiber sensors usually relies in complex and costly equipment with low portability due to their size such as Optical Spectrum Analyzers (OSA) or high-resolution spectrometers. Because of this, micro spectrometer devices, such as Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) with Fabry-Pérot tunable filters, are emerging as simpler and compact alternatives capable of being used to acquire spectral information in a wide wavelength band. In this work it is described the development of an interrogation system capable of infrared spectroscopy using a MEMS Fabry-Pérot Interferometer (MEMS-FPI) with a spectral response in the 1350nm to 1650nm range. Its performance is tested with the interrogation of long period fiber gratings both as a refractive index sensor and as a temperature sensor. Deconvolution techniques such as Wiener filtering are used to reduce the impact of the tunable filter’s impulse response in the measured signal. Results are comparable to those obtained using a typical OSA which shows the system’s potential as a cheaper and more transportable alternative.
Impact of Sm ions on microstructure and magneto-optical effects of Y2O3 ceramics obtained by arc plasma melting
Authors: Kruk Andrzej
Published: December 2022

Faraday materials based on transparent ceramics are regarded for high power magneto-optical isolators. Pure yttria ceramics with high transmittance were prepared using the raw oxide powders. To enhance the magneto–optical performance of the ceramics, samarium oxide were introduced to yttrium oxide matrix as a paramagnetic ions. The Sm-Y2O3 Faraday ceramic was melted above 2700 °C for 10 min. It is noted that as-prepared ceramic presents the highest in-line transmittance above 61.0% at the high spectrum range of wavelengths from 350 to 1110 nm. Physicochemical properties of the sample were characterized by means of numerous techniques. No secondary phase was detected from the sample using X-ray diffraction. The Verdet constant of Sm-Y2O3 ceramic at 532 nm is as high as 20 rad/m*T, which is higher than that of pure Y2O3 ceramic. The good optical quality and magneto-optical properties make Sm-Y2O3 ceramic an attractive magneto-optical material.
Listening plasmas in Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
Authors: Cavaco Rafael , Rodrigues Pedro , Lopes Tomás , Capela Diana , Ferreira Miguel F. S. , Jorge Pedro A. S. , Silva Nuno A.
Published: December 2022

Apart from radiation, which constitutes the primary source of information in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, the process is accompanied by secondary processes such as shock wave generation and sound emission. In this manuscript, we explore the possibility of relating plasma properties with the sound from the shock waves in multiple materials, from metals to minerals. By analyzing the behavior of shock wave sound from homogeneous reference metallic targets, we investigate the relation between plasma properties and sound signal, demonstrating that distinct materials and plasma characteristics correspond to distinct plasma sound fingerprints.
Drying Patterns of Cerebrospinal Fluid as Indicator for Alzheimer’s Disease by a Machine Learning Framework
Authors: Arévalo Laura A. , O’Brien Stephen A. , Antonova Olga , Seifert Andreas
Published: December 2022

Cerebrospinal fluid contains specific biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease that include amyloid beta peptides and tau proteins. In this work, we present for the first time possible evidence that the formation of the constituents of cerebrospinal fluid during drying is related with Alzheimer’s. We use machine learning to examine optical microscope images of dried cerebrospinal fluid patterns from patients with Alzheimer’s and healthy controls to create a diagnostic model. To analyze the images, the histogram of oriented gradients is used as a feature descriptor. Each image is mapped into the corresponding feature space, and principal component analysis is applied for dimensionality reduction. A machine-learning prediction model with a sensitivity of 82% was built. These promising preliminary results show great potential for new rapid and low-cost diagnostic pathways in the detection of Alzheimer’s disease.
Development of an Escherichia coli optical biosensor with computational validation
Authors: Dante A , Silva P H , Lopes R , Allil A , Sbano A , Esteves M E , Silva M , Werneck M , Allil R
Published: December 2022

The biosensor consists of an optical sensing system and an optoelectronic data acquisition system. The sensor’s optical system consists of a biochemically functionalized polymer optical fiber (POF-Plastic Optical Fiber) based on Field Evanescent technology. The Evanescent Field technique has been widely adopted in sensing and in this project, it was obtained by bending the fiber in a “U” shape, aiming to increase the sensitivity of the biosensor, through the contact of the curved sensor part with the sample biological. A data acquisition system was developed through an optoelectronic project aiming to increase the sensitivity when compared to a commercial equipment acquisition system. This work presents a biosensor for the detection of Escherichia coli based on an evanescent field with a polymer optical fiber linked to the analog signal acquisition system through an optoelectronic system developed. The interaction investigation of antibodies and antigens in Escherichia coli for computational methods was carried out in order to obtain information about the action of the antibody and in future steps applied in the validation of the diagnostic method.
Thermochromism applied to Transportation Engineering: asphalt roads and paints
Authors: Lima Orlando , Cardoso Pedro , Segundo Iran Rocha , Freitas Elisabete , Costa Manuel F. M. , Nascimento Heriberto , Afonso Cátia , Landi Salmon , Teixeira Vasco , Carneiro Joaquim
Published: December 2022

Thermochromic materials change their optical response to temperature reversibly. This study explores the application of thermochromism to road engineering, which is still incipient in this area, from two perspectives. The first one is about the development of functionalized road markings (FRM) working as thermochromic sensors to alert the presence of ice on the road and, in this way, to improve road safety. The second one concerns the functionalization of asphalt pavements for reversible color change at high temperatures to reduce energy absorption in the form of heat and, in this way, mitigate Urban Heat Islands (UHI) effect. For the development of the FRM, thermocapsules were added into acrylic ink, applied to an AC10 asphalt mixture, submitted to high and low temperatures, and visually characterized. For the functionalization aiming for UHI reduction, thermochromic solutions (TS) containing thermocapsules, dye, and resin were superficially sprayed at an AC10, and the Quick Ultraviolet Accelerated Weathering Test (QUV) was performed with subsequent Colorimetry Analysis, where the color coordinates defined by the Comissione Internationale de l' Éclairage (CIE) were measured. The results show that it is possible to functionalize road marks to work as a thermochromic sensor. Also, this property can be improved by synthesizing or using thermocapsules with TT closer to the water melting point. The results also indicate that the asphalt pavement functionalization with surface spraying of TS points out to higher luminosity results in terms of color coordinate, which is intended for the mitigation of heat energy absorption, consequently mitigating the UHI.