bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between biomass and surface area of Charophyceae
Authors: Makarevich Tamara A. , Boreiko Natalia V.
Published: December 2021

Relationships between charophytes surface area and biomass were studied in oligo-mesotrophic Naroch Lake (Belarus). To determine the surface area of Charophytes the geometric similarity method was used, preceded by dividing the thallus into separate cylindrical fragments. The specific surface area (S/W) of chara algae was determined in different seasons and at different depths. Seasonal changes in specific surface area are weakly expressed. The average S/W value for the observation period (July 2018 – March 2020) was (194,3±29,6) sm2/ g dry weight (cv=15%). The specific surface area of charophytes grows slightly with increasing depth. There is a positive relationship between the dry mass and surface area of charophytes, which is satisfactorily described by the linear regression equation: y = 130,6x+134,1 (y – surface area, sm2; x – absolutely dry weight, g; R2=0,41; P<0,00000). The equation can be used to estimate the surface area of chara algae through the relatively easy determination of biomass in large-scale studies, or in the case of expert assessments, when high accuracy is not needed.
Analisis Pola dan Intensitas Curah Hujan Berdasarkan Data TRMM di Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Erna Erna , Muliddin Muliddin , Harimudin Jamal
Published: December 2021

Abstrak: Cuaca dan iklim merupakan sebuah proses fenomena di atmosfer yang keberadaannya sangat penting dalam berbagai aktivitas kehidupan. Perhatian mengenai informasi cuaca dan iklim semakin meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya fenomena alam yang tidak lazim terjadi atau biasa disebut dengan cuaca ekstrim yang sulit untuk dikendalikan dan dimodifikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola dan intensitas curah hujan berdasarkan data TRMM di Sulawesi Tenggara berdasarkan aspek temporal. Metode analisis data yaitu analisis korelasi dan uji signifikan untuk mengetahui hubungan data TRMM dengan data stasiun curah hujan, serta menggunakan persamaan Mononobe untuk intensitas curah hujan. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa pola hujan di Sulawesi Tenggara merupakan pola region A tipe monsunal dengan ciri terjadi puncak musim hujan yang terjadi antara bulan Desember, Januari, Februari dan puncak musim kemarau terjadi antara Bulan Agustus dan September. Kecendrungan intensitas curah hujan mengalami kenaikan dengan kala ulang yang lebih lama. Kata Kunci: Curah Hujan, TRMM, Monsunal Abstract: Weather and climate are a process of phenomena in the atmosphere whose existence is very important in various activities life. Concern about weather and climate information is increasing along with the increase in natural phenomena that are not uncommon or commonly referred to as extreme weather that are difficult to control and modify . This study aims to determine rainfall patterns and intensity based on TRMM data in Southeast Sulawesi based on temporal aspects. Data analysis method is correlation analysis and significant test to determine the relationship of TRMM data with rainfall station data, and using the Mononobe equation for rainfall intensity. The results of this study found that the pattern of rain in Southeast Sulawesi is a type of Region A Monsunal pattern characterized by the peak of the rainy season which occurs between December, January, February and the peak of the dry season occurs between August and September. The intensity of rainfall increases with a longer return period. Keywords: Precipitation, TRMM, Monsoonal
Prediksi Perubahan Lahan Terbangun Dengan OBIA LCM Pada Citra Terfusi di Kota Kendari
Authors: Adnan Adnan , Saleh Fitra , Salihin Iradat
Published: December 2021

Abstrak: Penggunaan lahan disetiap tahunnya akan mengalami perubahan. Perkembangan tersebut bisa jadi tidak terkendali, sehingga perencanaan prediksi perubahan lahan penting untuk dikaji. Dalam memprediksi dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan citra, khususnya citra Landsat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) distribusi penggunaan lahan terbangun di Kota Kendari pada tahun 2014 dan 2019 dengan metode OBIA pada citra terfusi; (2) melihat arah perubahan penggunaan lahan terbangun di Kota Kendari pada tahun 2024 dan 2029 dengan metode Land Change Modeler (LCM). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini  yaitu metode klasifikasi penggunaan lahan berbasis piksel OBIA dan pemodelan prediksi perubahan penggunaan lahan Land Change Modeler (LCM). Hasil penelitian ini antara lain: (1) luas lahan terbangun pada tahun 2014 di Kota Kendari seluas 6.061,85 hektar dan luas penggunaan lahan terbangun di Kota Kendari pada tahun 2019 seluas 6.716,96 hektar dengan perubahan penggunaan lahan terbangun tahun 2014 sampai dengan tahun 2019 dengan pertambahan luas 2,43%; (2) Arah perubahan penggunaan lahan terbangun di Kota Kendari diprediksikan cenderung berkembang ke arah Kecamatan Baruga karena dipengaruhi oleh dua faktor yaitu kemiringan lereng dan jaringan jalan. Kata Kunci : Penggunaan Lahan, Landsat 8 OLI, Penajaman Citra, OBIA, LCM Abstract: Land use will change every year. The development may be uncontrollable, so predictive planning of land changes is important to review. In predicting  can be done using  imagery, especially Landsat imagery. This study aims to:(1)  the distribution of land  use  built  in Kendari City in 2014 and 2019 with OBIA method on diffusion imagery; (2) see the direction of land use changes built in Kendari City in  2024 and 2029 with land change modeler  (LCM) method. The methods used in this study are OBIA pixel-based land  use  classification method and land use change prediction modeling land change modeler (LCM).  The results of this study include: (1) land area  built in 2014 in Kendari City aswide as 6,061.85 hectars and land use area built in Kendari City in 2019 aswide as 6,716.96 hectars with land use changes built in 2014 to 2019 with an increase  of  2.43%; (2) The direction of land use changes built in Kendari City  is predicted   to tend to  develop  towards  Baruga Subdistrict because it is influenced by two factors, namely slope and road network. Keywords: Land Use,  Landsat 8 OLI,  Image Sharpening,  OBIA, LCM
Molecular Classification of Vicia faba L Genotypes by Using RAPD-PCR Markers
Authors: Al-Talab Noor , Al-mathidy Aamer , Esho Kamal
Published: December 2021

The research included the molecular classification study of seven genotypes of the bean Vicia faba L. (FBSPN2, TLD1266, TLD1814, TLB1266, Luzdeotono, favad and Histal. Using the RAPD technique for DNA, as 13 random primers were used, the products of inflation were transferred within the agarose gel, and the results of the study showed the possibility of separating the genotypes from each other and determining the degree of genetic variation between them, as the primers used produced (1002) packages of them (417 normal bundles and (585) mixed bundles. The genetic differences of the studied genotypes were determined to be distinguished by the number of bundles, as they reached (28) bundles, including (13) unique bundles and (15) absent bundles. The ILB1266 genotype showed the highest number of unique bundles, which It reached 4 bundles, while the cultivar Favad showed the absence of unique bundles in it, either bundles are absent. The genotypes (ILD1266, IILB1266, Luzdeotono) were distinguished for having the highest number, which amounted to (3) bundles. As for the FBSPN2 genotype, it did not have any absent bundle, and the primers varied. Of the resulting bundle sizes, their sizes ranged between bp (1925-130), and the highest value for the genetic dimension ranged between (0.110 - 0.269), as the lowest genetic dimension was between the two structures (FBSPN2 and ILD1266), which amounted to 0.110, and the highest value for the genetic dimension was (0.2 69) between the genotypes (ILD1266, HISTAL) (ILD1266, Luzdeotono) The Dendrogram shows the separation of the studied genotypes into two main groups, and each of them into two subgroups.
Analisis Faktor yang Memengaruhi Rendahnya Minat Pasangan Usia Subur terhadap Penggunaan Metode Kontrasepsi Jangka Panjang
Authors: Rismawati Rismawati , Sari Arini Purnama
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The coverage of the use of long term contraceptive method (MKJP) in West Bajeng District is still very low. In 2020, MKJP participants are only about 23.8% with the percentage of participants in KB implants 19.6%, IUD 1.8%, MOW 2.3% and MOP 0.03%. This study aims to determine whether the factors of age, knowledge, education, sources of information, husband's support, and Communication, Information and Education (KIE) affect the low interest in EFA towards the use of MKJP in Bajeng Barat sub-district, Gowa Regency. Methods: The research method used is quantitative research with a cross sectional study approach. The population is all active family planning acceptors. The sample is PUS who are active family planning acceptors for MKJP or non-MKJP with a total sample of 96 people. Data analysis using chi square test. Results: Only 35.4% of respondents used MKJP 35.4%. There is a significant relationship between education (p=0.013), knowledge (p<0.001), husband's support (0.003), sources of information (p=0.030), and KIE (p=0.008) with low EFA interest in using MKJP. Conclusion: Low education, lack of knowledge, no husband's support, sources of information and lack of KIE cause low interest in PUS using MKJP.
Faktor Determinan Fertilitas Remaja di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Humang Reski Ihsan , Haerana Bs. Titi , Yanti Yuniar Dwi
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Adolescent fertility caused various negative consequences starting from the occurrence of adolescent fertility include health, social and economic impacts. Purpose: to study the determinants of adolescent fertility in the Province of East Nusa Tenggara. Methods: This study uses secondary survey data in the 2017 IDHS. The sample was adolescents aged 15-19 years who were recorded as selected samples in East Nusa Tenggara Province as many as 401 adolescents. Analysis using multiple logistic regression with predictive factor model. Results: The highest aOR value is marital status 17.25 (95% CI 6.60-45.04). Education only finished elementary school aOR 4.94 (95%CI 1.08-22.45). Never accessed the internet aOR 3.37 (95%CI 0.85-13.37). For every 1 year increase in adolescent age, the odds increased by 3.32 (95% CI 1.71-6.46) or 19 years old had the highest odds. Didn’t work aOR 3.00 (95% CI 0.71-12.66). Living in rural areas aOR 2.55 (95%CI 0.53-12.13). Low knowledge of family planning methods has an AOR of 0.26 (0.05-1.22). Conclusion: The determinants of adolescent fertility in NTT Province are age, education, occupation, marital status, place of residence, internet use and knowledge of family planning methods.
Pengelolaan Obat di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Lampung Timur Provinsi Lampung
Authors: Tumangger Hajati Br. , Pramudho Kodrat , Noviansyah  , Adyas Atikah
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujaun untuk mengetahui gambaran pengeloaan obat di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Lampung Timur tahun 2020 terutama perencanaan, pengadaan dan distribusi obat ke puskesmas. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan analitik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Lampung Timur. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan juni sampai dengan Agustus 2021. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi (pengamatan langsung), wawancara mendalam (in-depth interview), telaah dokumen dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Hasil penelitian didapatkan perencanaan obat di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Lampung Timur sudah sesuai dengan Permenkes No.HK. 01.07/MENKES/813/2019 tentang Formularium Nasional tetapi penghitungan jumlah kebutuhannya belum sesuai kebutuhan puskesmas. Pengadaan obat di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Lampung Timur sudah sesuai dengan PMK No.63/2014 Tentang Pengadaan Obat Berdasarkan Katalog Elektronik (E-Catalogue) namun dalam pelaksanaannya terkendala dengan ada beberapa obat yang tidak dapat diadakan atau dibeli karena tidak ada di e-catalog maupun FORNAS
Peran Apoteker Terhadap Keberhasilan Pengobatan Tahap Intensif Pasien Tuberkulosis
Authors: Utukaman Katharina Aditya Candra , Laksmitawati Dian Ratih , Sumarny Ros , Tomasoa Edwin
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi dan monitoring pengobatan tuberkulosis pada PKM dengan intervensi Apoteker (PKM Saumlaki) dan PKM tanpa intervensi Apoteker (PKM Larat). Responden penelitian ini adalah pasien baru TB dan Pengawas Menelan Obat (PMO) di kedua PKM pada bulan September-November 2020.  Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian quasi experimental dengan rancangan two group pretest-posttest design. Peran apoteker berupa edukasi dan monitoring dilakukan pada responden PKM Saumlaki selama 8 minggu observasi. Data dikumpulkan dalam bentuk kuesioner dan data catatan pengobatan di PKM masing-masing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik demografi responden di kedua PKM tidak berbeda bermakna. Perbedaan bermakna antara kedua PKM terdapat pada data pengetahuan, kepatuhan, outcome klinis berdasarkan BTA negative pada akhir pengobatan tahap intensif, dan data kepuasan pasien terhadap PMO. Sedangkan efek samping dan berat badan pasien antara kedua PKM tidak berbeda bermakna. Hal ini menandakan ada pengaruh edukasi dan monitoring oleh apoteker terhadap peningkatan jumlah pasien yang berhasil menjalani pengobatan TB. Analisis mengenai faktor yang signifikan berhubungan dengan keberhasilan pengobatan memberikan hasil bahwa faktor yang signifikan berpengaruh adalah adanya intervensi apoteker pada tingkat kepatuhan pasien, tingkat pengetahuan pasien dan PMO. Kesimpulan yaitu edukasi dan monitoring pengobatan langsung oleh apoteker pada pasien TB di PKM Saumlaki di KKT berpengaruh meningkatkan keberhasilan pengobatan pasien tuberkulosis
Pengembangan Media Promosi Kesehatan Untuk Pencegahan Penularan Covid-19 Pada Ibu Hamil di Desa Ketapang
Authors: Anggraeni Ardha Tiaz , Megatsari Hario
Published: December 2021

Upaya pencegahan penularan Covid-19 pada ibu hamil belum maksimal karena ibu hamil kurang memahami langkah untuk mencegah penularan Covid-19. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengembangkan media promosi kesehatan untuk mencegah terjadinya penularan Covid-19 pada ibu hamil di Desa Ketapang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian action research dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar ibu hamil di Desa Ketapang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan dengan kategori kurang dan tindakan dengan kategori cukup. Tujuan strategis dari pembuatan media ini yaitu untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan tindakan ibu hamil dengan peningkatan masing-masing sebesar minimal 80% dalam waktu satu bulan setelah media diberikan. Media promosi kesehatan yang dibuat berupa buku yang dimodifikasi ke dalam bentuk diary dengan judul “Diary Bumil CERDAS”. Dari hasil evaluasi didapatkan bahwa indikator keberhasilan dan tujuan yang telah ditetapkan seluruhnya tercapai. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah Buku Diary Bumil CERDAS dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan tindakan ibu hamil serta membantu kader dalam melakukan KIE kepada ibu hamil mengenai cara mencegah Covid-19 dan menjaga kehamilan selama masa pandemi.
Hubungan Kinerja Perawat terhadap Implementasi Penerapan Keselamatan Pasien di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Ameliyah Ayu Rizky , Nursapriani Nursapriani
Published: December 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis hubungan kinerja perawat terhadap implementasi penerapan keselamatan pasien di masa pandemi Covid-19 pada RSUD Labuang Baji Kota Makassar. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Sampel dalam peneliian ini adalah seluruh perawat Instalasi Rawat Inap RSUD Labuang Baji sebanyak 100 orang. Analisis data dengan menggunakan uji chi square yaitu untuk melihat hubungan antar variabel independen dan variabel dependen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan pengetahuan perawat dengan nilai p= 0.008 (p<0.05),  beban kerja perawat dengan nilai p= 0.02 (p<0.05), serta motivasi kerja dengan nilai p= 0.01 (p<0.05) terhadap implementasi keselamatan pasien. Adapun faktor kinerja perawat yang paling kuat berhubungan terhadap implementasi keselamatan pasien yaitu faktor beban kerja perawat dengan nilai Exp (B) 4.504, yang artinya beban kerja berhubungan 4.5 kali lipat terhadap implementasi keselamatan pasien. Diharapkan RSUD Labuang Baji dapat meningkatkan pelaksanaan pendidikan dan pelatihan keselamatan pasien serta pimpinan dapat memberikan motivasi yang tinggi terhadap implementasi penerapan keselamatan pasien.
Global Dynamics of a Delayed Fractional-Order Viral Infection Model With Latently Infected Cells
Authors: Rajivganthi C. , Rihan F. A.
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we propose a fractional-order viral infection model, which includes latent infection, a Holling type II response function, and a time-delay representing viral production. Based on the characteristic equations for the model, certain sufficient conditions guarantee local asymptotic stability of infection-free and interior steady states. Whenever the time-delay crosses its critical value (threshold parameter), a Hopf bifurcation occurs. Furthermore, we use LaSalle’s invariance principle and Lyapunov functions to examine global stability for infection-free and interior steady states. Our results are illustrated by numerical simulations.
Sensitivity of a Subject-specific Ankle Sprain Simulation to Extrinsic Versus Intrinsic Biomechanical Factors
Authors: Yoder Adam J. , Petrella Anthony J. , Farrokhi Shawn
Published: December 2021

Ankle sprains are the most common musculoskeletal injury in sport and military activity, despite existing prophylactic strategies. The purpose of this report was to develop a probabilistic simulation of lateral ankle sprains during single-limb drop landing, towards accelerating innovation in ankle sprain prevention. A deterministic, subject-specific musculoskeletal model was extended with automation and probabilistic distributions on sprain-related biomechanical factors. Probabilistic simulations were generated using traditional Monte Carlo techniques and the advanced mean value method, a more computationally-efficient approach. Predicted distributions of peak ankle joint rotations, velocities, and moments borne by supporting passive structures agreed favorably with the deterministic model and with reports of real sprain biomechanics. Parameter sensitivities identified that predictions were most strongly influenced by drop height, subtalar joint posture at contact, invertor/evertor co-activation, and passive ankle stiffness. The advanced mean value method predicted confidence bounds comparable to a 1000-trial Monte Carlo simulation, and required only 14 model evaluations and 4-min processing time. The extended probabilistic simulation may be useful to virtually test new prophylactic strategies for ankle sprains, and is made available for open-source use (https://simtk.org/projects/sprain-sim).
Molecular Immune Mechanism of Intestinal Microbiota and Their Metabolites in the Occurrence and Development of Liver Cancer
Authors: Bi Chenchen , Xiao Geqiong , Liu Chunyan , Yan Junwei , Chen Jiaqi , Si Wenzhang , Zhang Jian , Liu Zheng
Published: December 2021

Intestinal microorganisms are closely associated with immunity, metabolism, and inflammation, and play an important role in health and diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson’s disease, and cancer. Liver cancer is one of the most fatal cancers in humans. Most of liver cancers are slowly transformed from viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the relationship between intestinal microbiota and their metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, indoles, and ethanol, and liver cancer remains unclear. Here, we summarize the molecular immune mechanism of intestinal microbiota and their metabolites in the occurrence and development of liver cancer and reveal the important role of the microbiota-gut-liver axis in liver cancer. In addition, we describe how the intestinal flora can be balanced by antibiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, and fecal bacteria transplantation to improve the treatment of liver cancer. This review describes the immunomolecular mechanism of intestinal microbiota and their metabolites in the occurrence and development of hepatic cancer and provides theoretical evidence support for future clinical practice.
Integrative 5-Methylcytosine Modification Immunologically Reprograms Tumor Microenvironment Characterizations and Phenotypes of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Xu Wenhao , Zhu Wenkai , Tian Xi , Liu Wangrui , Wu Yuanyuan , Anwaier Aihetaimujiang , Su Jiaqi , Wei Shiyin , Qu Yuanyuan , Zhang Hailiang , Ye Dingwei
Published: December 2021

The tumor microenvironment (TME) affects the biologic malignancy of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The influence of the 5-methylcytosine (m5C) epigenetic modification on the TME is unknown. We comprehensively assessed m5C modification patterns of 860 ccRCC samples (training, testing, and real-world validation cohorts) based on 17 m5C regulators and systematically integrated the modification patterns with TME cell-infiltrating characterizations. Our results identified distinct m5C modification clusters with gradual levels of immune cell infiltration. The distinct m5C modification patterns differ in clinicopathological features, genetic heterogeneity, patient prognosis, and treatment responses of ccRCC. An elevated m5C score, characterized by malignant biologic processes of tumor cells and suppression of immunity response, implies an immune-desert TME phenotype and is associated with dismal prognosis of ccRCC. Activation of exhausted T cells and effective immune infiltration were observed in the low m5C score cluster, reflecting a noninflamed and immune-excluded TME phenotype with favorable survival and better responses to immunotherapy. Together, these findings provide insights into the regulation mechanisms of DNA m5C methylation modification patterns on the tumor immune microenvironment. Comprehensive assessment of tumor m5C modification patterns may enhance our understanding of TME cell-infiltrating characterizations and help establish precision immunotherapy strategies for individual ccRCC patients.
Recent Advances in Osteoclast Biological Behavior
Authors: Sun Yang , Li Jiangbi , Xie Xiaoping , Gu Feng , Sui Zhenjiang , Zhang Ke , Yu Tiecheng
Published: December 2021

With the progress of the aging population, bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis have become urgent problems. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of osteoclasts in bone homeostasis, implying these will be an important mediator in the treatment of bone-related diseases. Up to now, several reviews have been performed on part of osteoclast biological behaviors such as differentiation, function, or apoptosis. However, few reviews have shown the complete osteoclast biology and research advances in recent years. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the origin, differentiation, apoptosis, behavior changes and coupling signals with osteoblasts, providing a simple but comprehensive overview of osteoclasts for subsequent studies.
Histologically Confirmed Recellularization is a Key Factor that Affects Meniscal Healing in Immature and Mature Meniscal Tears
Authors: Yan Wenqiang , Dai Wenli , Cheng Jin , Fan Yifei , Zhao Fengyuan , Li Yuwan , Maimaitimin Maihemuti , Cao Chenxi , Shao Zhenxing , Li Qi , Liu Zhenlong , Hu Xiaoqing , Ao Yingfang
Published: December 2021

Healing outcomes of meniscal repair are better in younger than in older. However, exact mechanisms underlying superior healing potential in younger remain unclear from a histological perspective. This study included 24 immature rabbits and 24 mature rabbits. Tears were created in the anterior horn of medial meniscus of right knee in each rabbit. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively. We performed macroscopic and histological evaluations of post-meniscal repair specimens. Cells were counted within a region of interest to confirm cellularization at tear site in immature menisci. The width of cell death zone was measured to determine the region of cell death in mature menisci. Apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL assay. Vascularization was assessed by CD31 immunofluorescence. The glycosaminoglycans and the types 1 and 2 collagen content was evaluated by calculating average optical density of corresponding histological specimens. Cartilage degeneration was also evaluated. Healing outcomes following untreated meniscal tears were superior in immature group. Recellularization with meniscus-like cell morphology was observed at tear edge in immature menisci. Superior recellularization was observed at meniscal sites close to joint capsule than at sites distant from the capsule. Recellularization did not occur at tear site in mature group; however, we observed gradual enlargement of cell death zone. Apoptosis was presented at 1, 3, 6, 12 weeks in immature and mature menisci after untreated meniscal tears. Vascularization was investigated along the tear edges in immature menisci. Glycosaminoglycans and type 2 collagen deposition were negatively affected in immature menisci. We observed glycosaminoglycan degradation in mature menisci and cartilage degeneration, specifically in immature cartilage of the femoral condyle. In conclusion, compared with mature rabbits, immature rabbits showed more robust healing response after untreated meniscal tears. Vascularization contributed to the recellularization after meniscal tears in immature menisci. Meniscal injury fundamentally alters extracellular matrix deposition.
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in Neuroblastoma: Emerging Roles as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Nunes-Xavier Caroline E. , Zaldumbide Laura , Mosteiro Lorena , López-Almaraz Ricardo , García de Andoin Nagore , Aguirre Pablo , Emaldi Maite , Torices Leire , López José I. , Pulido Rafael
Published: December 2021

Neuroblastoma is a type of cancer intimately related with early development and differentiation of neuroendocrine cells, and constitutes one of the pediatric cancers with higher incidence and mortality. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are key regulators of cell growth and differentiation by their direct effect on tyrosine dephosphorylation of specific protein substrates, exerting major functions in the modulation of intracellular signaling during neuron development in response to external cues driving cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. We review here the current knowledge on the role of PTPs in neuroblastoma cell growth, survival, and differentiation. The potential of PTPs as biomarkers and molecular targets for inhibition in neuroblastoma therapies is discussed.
Photocatalytic Removal of Antibiotics on g-C3N4 Using Amorphous CuO as Cocatalysts
Authors: Zhao Yue , Zada Amir , Yang Yang , Pan Jing , Wang Yan , Yan Zhaoxiong , Xu Zhihua , Qi Kezhen
Published: December 2021

Amorphous CuO is considered as an excellent cocatalyst, owing to its large surface area and superior conductivity compared with its crystalline counterpart. The current work demonstrates a facile method to prepare amorphous CuO, which is grown on the surface of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and is then applied for the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride. The prepared CuO/g-C3N4 composite shows higher photocatalytic activities compared with bare g-C3N4. Efficient charge transfer between g-C3N4 and CuO is confirmed by the photocurrent response spectra and photoluminescence spectra. This work provides a facile approach to prepare low-cost composites for the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics to safeguard the environment.
UV-Induced Formation of Ice XI Observed Using an Ultra-High Vacuum Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscope and its Implications for Planetary Science
Authors: Kouchi Akira , Kimura Yuki , Kitajima Kensei , Katsuno Hiroyasu , Hidaka Hiroshi , Oba Yasuhiro , Tsuge Masashi , Yamazaki Tomoya , Fujita Kazuyuki , Hama Tetsuya , Takahashi Yukihiro , Nakatsubo Shunichi , Watanabe Naoki
Published: December 2021

The occurrence of hydrogen atom-ordered form of ice Ih, ice XI, in the outer Solar System has been discussed based on laboratory experiments because its ferroelectricity influences the physical processes in the outer Solar System. However, the formation of ice XI in that region is still unknown due to a lack of formation conditions at temperatures higher than 72 K and the effect of UV-rays on the phase transition from ice I to ice XI. As a result, we observed the UV-irradiation process on ice Ih and ice Ic using a newly developed ultra-high vacuum cryogenic transmission electron microscope. We found that ice Ih transformed to ice XI at temperatures between 75 and 140 K with a relatively small UV dose. Although ice Ic partially transformed to ice XI at 83 K, the rate of transformation was slower than for ice Ih. These findings point to the formation of ice XI at temperatures greater than 72 K via UV irradiation of ice I crystals in the Solar System; icy grains and the surfaces of icy satellites in the Jovian and Saturnian regions.
Novel SCN5A and GPD1L Variants Identified in Two Unrelated Han-Chinese Patients With Clinically Suspected Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Yuan Meng , Guo Yi , Xia Hong , Xu Hongbo , Deng Hao , Yuan Lamei
Published: December 2021

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a complexly genetically patterned, rare, malignant, life-threatening arrhythmia disorder. It is autosomal dominant in most cases and characterized by identifiable electrocardiographic patterns, recurrent syncope, nocturnal agonal respiration, and other symptoms, including sudden cardiac death. Over the last 2 decades, a great number of variants have been identified in more than 36 pathogenic or susceptibility genes associated with BrS. The present study used the combined method of whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing to identify pathogenic variants in two unrelated Han-Chinese patients with clinically suspected BrS. Minigene splicing assay was used to evaluate the effects of the splicing variant. A novel heterozygous splicing variant c.2437-2A>C in the sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5 gene (SCN5A) and a novel heterozygous missense variant c.161A>T [p.(Asp54Val)] in the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 like gene (GPD1L) were identified in these two patients with BrS-1 and possible BrS-2, respectively. Minigene splicing assay indicated the deletion of 15 and 141 nucleotides in exon 16, resulting in critical amino acid deletions. These findings expand the variant spectrum of SCN5A and GPD1L, which can be beneficial to genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.
Clinical Outcomes of Computational Virtual Mapping-Guided Catheter Ablation in Patients With Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: A Multicenter Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Baek Yong-Soo , Kwon Oh-Seok , Lim Byounghyun , Yang Song-Yi , Park Je-Wook , Yu Hee Tae , Kim Tae-Hoon , Uhm Jae-Sun , Joung Boyoung , Kim Dae-Hyeok , Lee Moon-Hyoung , Park Junbeom , Pak Hui-Nam ,   the CUVIA-AF 2 Investigators
Published: December 2021

Background: Clinical recurrence after atrial fibrillation catheter ablation (AFCA) still remains high in patients with persistent AF (PeAF). We investigated whether an extra-pulmonary vein (PV) ablation targeting the dominant frequency (DF) extracted from electroanatomical map–integrated AF computational modeling improves the AFCA rhythm outcome in patients with PeAF.

Methods: In this open-label, randomized, multi-center, controlled trial, 170 patients with PeAF were randomized at a 1:1 ratio to the computational modeling-guided virtual DF (V-DF) ablation and empirical PV isolation (E-PVI) groups. We generated a virtual dominant frequency (DF) map based on the atrial substrate map obtained during the clinical AF ablation procedure using computational modeling. This simulation was possible within the time of the PVI procedure. V-DF group underwent extra-PV V-DF ablation in addition to PVI, but DF information was not notified to the operators from the core lab in the E-PVI group.

Results: After a mean follow-up period of 16.3 ± 5.3 months, the clinical recurrence rate was significantly lower in the V-DF than with E-PVI group (P = 0.018, log-rank). Recurrences appearing as atrial tachycardias (P = 0.145) and the cardioversion rates (P = 0.362) did not significantly differ between the groups. At the final follow-up, sinus rhythm was maintained without any AADs in 74.7% in the V-DF group and 48.2% in the E-PVI group (P < 0.001). No significant difference was found in the major complication rates (P = 0.489) or total procedure time (P = 0.513) between the groups. The V-DF ablation was independently associated with a reduced AF recurrence after AFCA [hazard ratio: 0.51 (95% confidence interval: 0.30–0.88); P = 0.016].

Conclusions: The computational modeling-guided V-DF ablation improved the rhythm outcome of AFCA in patients with PeAF.

Clinical Trial Registration: Clinical Research Information Service, CRIS identifier: KCT0003613.
Retrieving the Soil Moisture in Bare Farmland Areas Using a Modified Dubois Model
Authors: Ma Teng , Han Ling , Liu Quanming
Published: December 2021

Soil moisture is an important parameter for global soil moisture transport, environmental evaluation, and precision agricultural research. The accurate retrieval of soil moisture in farmland areas using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) depends on the accurate description of surface and SAR parameters. In these parameters, surface roughness and incidence angle are the key factors that affect the accuracy of the soil moisture retrieval model. This article proposes a modified Dubois model to retrieve soil moisture suitable for the bare surface of farmland area. The model eliminates the incidence angle parameters and uses polarization parameters to depict the surface roughness parameters in the Dubois model. To eliminate the incidence angle, the backscattering coefficients gamma0, which eliminates the effect of the incidence angles, are used to replace the sigma0. Under rain and no rain condition, the trend of backscattering coefficients (VH and VV) and cross-polarization ratio (VH-VV) of different soil texture with the soil moisture are compared. Then, the polarization parameter based on VH backscattering coefficients is used to describe surface roughness. The model is evaluated with time-series soil moisture observation data in situ of the study area. The results indicate that the modified model can retrieve soil moisture with high accuracy, and the total RMSE can reach 0.064 cm3cm−3 while the Dubois model is 0.124 cm3cm−3. Under rain and no rain condition, the retrieval accuracy of the modified model is 0.066 cm3cm−3 and 0.063 cm3cm−3. The retrieval accuracy is 0.060 cm3cm−3 and 0.067 cm3cm−3 under high and low incidence angles conditions, respectively. These results indicate that the modified Dubois model can retrieve soil moisture with high accuracy under different conditions.
Spatiotemporal Evolution and Genesis of the Late Ordovician—Early Silurian Marine Euxinia in Northeastern Upper Yangtze Basin, South China
Authors: Wang Chaoyong , Dong Zaitian , Fu Xuehai , Chen Qing , Liu Xiaofan , Tang Mengmeng , Wang Zetang
Published: December 2021

Marine redox conditions and their dynamic changes were a major factor that controlled the formation of black shale and caused the late Ordovician marine extinction in the Upper Yangtze Basin (South China). However, the spatiotemporal variation and potential controlling factors of marine redox conditions in this area remain unclear. We analyzed whole-rock geochemistry and pyrite sulfur isotopes (δ34Spy) of 47 shale samples from the Late Katian to Rhuddanian in a shelf-to-slope (Qianjiang Shaba section and Wc-1 well) region of northeastern Upper Yangtze Basin, and reconstructed water column redox conditions during the Late Ordovician–Early Silurian Transition. The geochemical characteristics of shale, including the ratio of elements, discriminant function and ternary diagram location in the study area suggest a passive continental margin sedimentary environment, wherein the terrigenous detritus is mainly derived from felsic igneous rocks in the upper crust, showing characteristics of near-source deposition. The redox indices (Fe speciation, Corg/P, UEF, and MoEF) showed that the development of anoxic water, especially euxinia, has obvious spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Under conditions of high availability of active organic carbon and limited sulfate supply, high active Fe input and strong biological irrigation in the shallow water area may effectively remove H2S produced by microbial sulfate reduction, conducive to the prevalence of ferruginous water columns. However, for this deep water area, the rapid accumulation rate of organic matter, decrease in dissolved Fe (caused by upwelling in the open sea), and seawater stratification (caused by the rising of sea level) promoted the development of a euxinic water column. This inference is supported by the covariant relationship between organic carbon accumulation rate, chemical index of alteration, Co × Mn, and δ34Spy. Our study highlights the potential control effects of sea level change, continental weathering and upwelling on the development of euxinic water columns.
Endocrine Disruption of the Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Signaling During the Human Antral Follicle Growth
Authors: Roy Neena , Mascolo Elisa , Lazzaretti Clara , Paradiso Elia , D’Alessandro Sara , Zaręba Kornelia , Simoni Manuela , Casarini Livio
Published: December 2021

An increasing number of pollutants with endocrine disrupting potential are accumulating in the environment, increasing the exposure risk for humans. Several of them are known or suspected to interfere with endocrine signals, impairing reproductive functions. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein playing an essential role in supporting antral follicle maturation and may be a target of disrupting chemicals (EDs) likely impacting female fertility. EDs may interfere with FSH-mediated signals at different levels, since they may modulate the mRNA or protein levels of both the hormone and its receptor (FSHR), perturb the functioning of partner membrane molecules, modify intracellular signal transduction pathways and gene expression. In vitro studies and animal models provided results helpful to understand ED modes of action and suggest that they could effectively play a role as molecules interfering with the female reproductive system. However, most of these data are potentially subjected to experimental limitations and need to be confirmed by long-term observations in human.
Quantitative Policy Analysis for Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production Technologies
Authors: Wang Z. Juju , Staples Mark D. , Tyner Wallace E. , Zhao Xin , Malina Robert , Olcay Hakan , Allroggen Florian , Barrett Steven R. H.
Published: December 2021

This paper quantifies the impact of different policy options on the economic viability of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production technologies. The pathways considered include isobutanol to jet from corn grain, hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) from inedible fats and oils, HEFA from palm fatty acid distillate, synthesized iso-paraffins from sugarcane, Fischer-Tropsch (FT) gasification and synthesis from municipal solid waste, and micro FT from wood residues. The policies considered include feedstock subsidies, capital grants, output based incentives, and two policies intended to reduce project risk. Stochastic techno-economic analysis models are used to quantify the policies’ impact on project net present value and minimum selling price of the middle distillate fuel products. None of the technology pathways studied are found to be financially viable without policy aid. The median total policy costs required for economic viability range from 35 to 337 million USD per production facility, or 0.07–0.71 USD/liter. Our results indicate that the cumulative impact of multiple policies, similar in magnitude to analogous real-world fuel policies, could result in economically viable SAF production.
The Development of Energy Storage in China: Policy Evolution and Public Attitude
Authors: Fan Bi , Wu Tingting , Zhuang Yufen , Peng Jiaxuan , Huang Kaishan
Published: December 2021

With the challenges posed by the intermittent nature of renewable energy, energy storage technology is the key to effectively utilize renewable energy. China’s energy storage industry has experienced rapid growth in recent years. In order to reveal how China develops the energy storage industry, this study explores the promotion of energy storage from the perspective of policy support and public acceptance. Accordingly, by tracing the evolution of the energy storage policies during 2010–2020 comprehensively, a better understanding of the policy intention and implementation can be obtained. Meanwhile, this paper collects the information of Weibo users and posts related to energy storage by web crawler technology. The status of public attention and sentiment orientation toward energy storage are investigated with a text mining method. The main results are as follows. 1) The evolution of energy storage is characterized by three stages: the foundation stage, the nurturing stage, and the commercialization stage. 2) Most people have a positive attitude towards energy storage and recognize the potential of the energy storage industry, and it is discovered that the public attitudes towards energy storage exist cognitive bias. 3) More policies concerning market mechanism, R&D, and subsidies should be introduced to enhance the effect of energy storage policies and increase public recognition. These findings help to understand the energy storage policy and provide better strategies for policymaking.
Polarity Dependence of Transport of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Through Birnessite-Coated Porous Media
Authors: Li Ye , Zhuang Jie , Essington Michael E. , Chen Xijuan
Published: December 2021

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have drawn increasing concern of environmental health as they are continuously released into the environment. This study examined the effects of birnessite (δ-MnO2) on the transport and retention of five PPCPs in porous media under steady saturated flow conditions. Considering that natural birnessite occurs as discrete particles and small nodules, birnessite-coated sand was used to mimic the natural regime of birnessite in the environment. Batch isotherm experiments were conducted using uncoated and birnessite-coated sand; results showed that the difference in the affinity of the five PPCPs was correlated to their polarity characteristics. Column experiments were conducted by mixing 0, 10, and 20% birnessite-coated sands with the uncoated sands. These three percentages are equivalent to three contents of manganese (Mn) in the experimental columns (0, 55, and 109 μg Mn g−1 sand). Results suggested that polar compounds (such as bisphenol-A, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin) had a higher affinity to birnessite-coated sands than the weak polar compounds (such as ibuprofen and carbamazepine) because the polarity was favorable to electrostatic attraction and oxidative reaction. Overall, birnessite decreased the mobility of polar PPCPs but exerted no significant effect on the mobility of weak polar PPCPs under continuous flow conditions. The polarity-based correlation extended traditional electrostatic theory while well interpreting the complicated effects of birnessite on the adsorption and transport of PPCPs, especially neutral or non-dissociated compounds like carbamazepine.
Using Lidar and Historical Similar Meteorological Fields to Evaluate the Impact of Anthropogenic Control on Dust Weather During COVID-19
Authors: Chen Bin , Huang Yue , Huang Jianping , Dong Li , Guan Xiaodan , Ge Jinming , Hu Zhiyuan
Published: December 2021

Asian dust can be transported at least one full circuit around the globe. During the transportation, dust can interact with local air-borne dust and pollutants, and has a profound impact on the environment. A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has been affecting human activities worldwide since early 2020. The Chinese government has implemented emergency control measures. Since April 2020, control measures to reduce anthropogenic emissions have been gradually reduced. The optical properties of aerosols during the dust transport were affected by meteorological conditions, local environmental conditions and human activities. Therefore, two dust weather processes in March 2018 and March 2020 were screened under similar meteorological fields and transportation paths, which were mainly affected by human activities. Based on lidar data, in East China, compared with 2018, the average aerosol optical depth (AOD) of all types of aerosols at 0–4 km in 2020 decreased by 55.48%, while the AOD of dust aerosols decreased by 43.59%. The average particle depolarization ratio and color ratio decreased by 40.33 and 10.56% respectively. Due to the reduction of anthropogenic emissions in China (detected by lidar), the concentration of surface PM2.5 decreased by 57.47%. This indicated that due to the decrease in human activities caused by COVID-19 control measures, the optical properties of aerosols were significantly reduced during dust weather process in eastern China. However, in the Pacific region, compared with 2018, the AOD values of 0–1 km layer and 1–6 km layer in 2020 increased by 56.4% and decreased by 29.2% respectively. The difference between the two contributions of dust aerosols was very small. Meanwhile, compared with 2018, China’s near surface pollutants decreased significantly in 2020, indicating that the near surface AOD of the Pacific in 2020 was mainly contributed by local pollutants. This study was of great significance to the study of long-range and cross regional transport of pollutants.
Hydrological Performance of Green Roof Systems: A Numerical Investigation
Authors: Kim Sang Yeob , Na Wooyoung , Jun Changhyun , Seo Hyungjoon , Kim Yongmin
Published: December 2021

Green roof systems could help reduce peak discharge and retain rainwater in urban areas. The objective of this study was to investigate the hydrological behavior of a green roof system by using the SEEP/W model. The rainfall-runoff relationship within the green roof system was simulated and the results were compared with actual data from a test bed for green roof systems to verify the applicability of SEEP/W. Then, the verified SEEP/W model was used to simulate the green roof system by varying four factors (soil type, rainfall intensity, substrate depth, and green roof slope) to explore the hydrological performance through the peak discharge to rainfall intensity (PD/RI) ratio and the rain water retention rate. The results show that the model presents slightly faster and greater peak time and peak discharge values, respectively, as compared to the observational data. This is attributed to the vegetation conditions in the real green roof system. However, it is also shown that the SEEP/W model can be used to design green roof systems and evaluate their hydrological behavior because of its modeling efficiency. Thus, the SEEP/W model can be used to reliably design and manage green roof systems by further considering the vegetation conditions and water flow dynamics. Furthermore, it would be desirable to consider additional factors, such as vegetation and an insulating pebble layer, in the design and management of green roofs in future work.