bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in the readiness of healthcare systems to provide diabetes- and cardiovascular disease-related services: A comparison of indices using data from the 2014 and 2017 Bangladesh Health Facility Surveys
Authors: Jahan Farhana , Ahmed Anisuddin , Mohsin Faroque Md. , Rahman Sorforajur , Sayeed Abu , Nahar Lailatun , Mitra Diapk Kumar
Published: July 2023

Background: The increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Bangladesh is a significant obstacle for the government's already under-resourced healthcare centers and healthcare management. This study aimed to determine whether healthcare services are prepared to handle cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes in the future.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used the Bangladesh Health Facilities Survey (BHFS) 2014 and 2017 data. The BHFS 2014 completed assessment of 317 facilities providing diabetes care and 407 facilities providing CVD care, while the 2017 BHFS included 305 and 368 facilities providing diabetes and CVD care, respectively.

Results: A slight increase in facility readiness status was observed in 2017 compared with 2014, though it was not statistically significant. District hospitals (DHs) and Upazila health complexes (UHCs) showed improvement in staff and guidelines, basic equipment, diagnostic capabilities, and essential drugs, as their Readiness Index (RI) value increased in 2017 from 2014. The RI values of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) clinics were 48.65% in 2014, whereas the value was slightly increased to 55.28% in 2017. For private clinics, the RI value diminished in 2017 (56.11%), which was lower than the 2014 survey (60.62%). There was a slightly mixed trend for public and private facilities regarding managing CVDs. In DHs and UHCs, the RI value decreased to 58.5% and 53.06% in 2017 from 64.04% and 53.02% in 2014. NGO clinics were valued at 48.65% in 2014, which dropped to 44.53%. For private clinics, the value showed a decreasing trend as the value in 2017 was 61.58%, lower than the value of 2014 (64.15%).

Conclusions: In Bangladesh, public and private healthcare facilities lack readiness for healthcare towards DM and CVD maintenance. It is noteworthy that this improvement has been insignificant over the years in this regard. Healthcare policy reform is urgently required to strengthen NCD healthcare, particularly in public healthcare facilities.
The current state of the problem of drug hepatotoxicity and measures of its prevention and treatment
Authors: Shmanko Volodymyr , Shmanko Oleh , Lazarchuk Tetyana
Published: July 2023

Drug use is one of the most important causes of liver damage and ranks 3rd after viral diseases and alcohol.
Hepatotoxicity of drugs remains one of the urgent problems of modern medicine, as it leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy, development of serious complications that can cause disability and death. Such a side effect increases the length of stay of patients in the hospital and increases the cost of treatment. That is, the problem of hepatotoxicity is not only a medical, but also a social problem.
Research sources focused on modern views about drug hepatotoxicity are reviewed and summarized and new approaches to its prevention and treatment are analyzed.
Conclusions. Hepatotoxicity of drugs remains one of the urgent problems of modern medicine, as it leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy, development of serious complications that can cause disability and death. Such a side effect increases the length of stay of patients in the hospital and increases the cost of treatment. That is, the problem of hepatotoxicity is not only a medical, but also a social problem.
Project Aims to Get Real-Time Damage Detection on Track
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: July 2023

Monitoring system to harness energy from vibrations caused by trains
High-G Training in the Cockpit
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: July 2023

New centrifuge adds realism
Partners Targeting the Rize of 3D Printing
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: July 2023

Europeans team up with Boston firm to speed up processes
Skateboard for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Nathan Stuart
Published: July 2023

Chassis platform incorporates full propulsion and control systems
BAE Systems Acquires Solar Drone Partner
Authors: Nathan Stuart
Published: July 2023

Companies to launch long-endurance UAV
Telescope United
Authors: Wade Andrew
Published: July 2023

Major step in completion of NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope
New Batteries Make Bid for Power
Authors: Fowler David
Published: July 2023

Multi-Chem battery pack for electric vehicles combines power and storage
The Wing Master
Authors: Nathan Stuart
Published: July 2023

Bombardier’s A220 wing requires an entirely new production philosophy
More Thermals in the Field
Authors: Systems Flir
Published: July 2023

New thermal camera is the ideal for streamlining the inspection ofcritical assets such as substation components.
In the registers of Coolitude
Authors: Mohabir Nalini
Published: July 2023

This essay offers a reflection on the interstices between words, silences, the unutterable, and the imaginary in Khal Torabully and Marina Carter’s ground-breaking work, Coolitude: An Anthology of the Indian Labour Diaspora. Further, this essay ponders how these silent spaces relate to the archives, and points to how the act of re-voicing or reclaiming the ‘coolie’ might be envisioned through relational and/or paradoxical spaces.
Man me
Authors: Gosine Andil
Published: July 2023

In this short essay, Andil Gosine reflects on his use of ‘Coolitude’ as a pedagogical tool, particularly in considering the dehumanization of indentured subjects.
Andil Gosine’s Cane Portraiture and the aesthetics of indenture
Authors: Ryan Smith Matthew
Published: July 2023

Andil Gosine’s participant-driven performance Cane Portraiture aestheticizes the social history of indentured labourers in the Caribbean. The work expands the field of relations surrounding the discourse of ‘coolitude’ – the dissemination of Indian labour during the 19th century – by redressing the ‘coolie odyssey’. By doing so, Gosine suggests that the pathos of displacement produced by the ‘coolie odyssey’ moves through generations of the Caribbean diaspora. In an attempt to define and reconcile this tension, Cane Portraiture attempts to locate a renewed sense of place and of ‘home’. For Gosine, then, the conceptualization of ‘home’ is approached as an embodiment of a person or site that is shared with others.
Externalising policy advice within subnational governments
Authors: Connell Andrew , Downe James , Durrant Hannah , MacKillop Eleanor , Martin Steve
Published: July 2023

The concept of policy advisory systems (PAS) has been applied almost exclusively at national level. This article demonstrates that it can also be employed to analyse the development and dynamics of policy advice in a subnational government. Our empirical study of the externalisation of policy advice by the Welsh Government shows that it has been shaped by distinctive historical, institutional and political factors, and its impacts are different to those reported by studies of out-sourcing national policy advice. In our case study, external policy advice was seen as complementing rather than competing with the civil service. Instead of deinstitutionalising policy advice – that is, dislocating it from the usual sites where knowledge for policy is produced – new formal routes have been established for external sources of expertise to influence policy decisions. Contrary to the findings of some previous studies, externalising policy advice has not been a centralising force. Nor has it fundamentally challenged existing assumptions and values or increased politicisation of the policy process. These findings demonstrate that the PAS concept is useful across a range of settings, not just at national level. We show that applying it to a broader range of contexts, including subnational polities, can challenge, strengthen and expand existing theories of policy advice and policymaking.
Comunidades castigliane e città italiane; sedizione delle Comunidades nella trattatistica europea.
Authors: De Benedictis Angela
Published: July 2023

Il saggio mira, da una parte, a mostrare concezioni e pratiche di libertà (intesa sia al singolare sia al plurale) che caratterizzano le città italiane, paragonate alle Comunidades; dall’altra, a delucidare la definizione delle Comunidades come sedizioni e la trattatistica giuridica europea specificamente dedicata alle sedizioni nel XVI e XVII secolo.
Sanar la llaga. El nervio del ejército real en la guerra de las Germanías (1521-1522)
Authors: Pardo Molero Juan Francisco
Published: July 2023

Este trabajo pretende examinar las bases económicas y financieras del ejército regular que, bajo el mando del virrey Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, luchó contra los agermanados valencianos en 1521 y 1522. Además, reflexionaremos sobre cómo se explicaba, en la cultura política de la época, una guerra que oponía no solo leales contra rebeldes, sino también, al menos en parte, tropas regulares a milicias gremiales.
Germanía y Germanías: el conflicto y su proyección historiográfica sobre el territorio valenciano
Authors: Pérez García Pablo
Published: July 2023

A tenor de los estudios actuales, no es posible continuar sosteniendo la imagen unitaria y mimética del conflicto agermanado, defendida por Martí de Viciana (1563) y repetida por numerosos autores. Para probarlo, se propone un balance historiográfico de los distintos territorios, comarcas y localidades valencianas desde el siglo XVII hasta la actualidad.
What Do the Experts Say? Children's Perspectives on Wellbeing in Schools
Authors: Christensen Else Nyborg , Simovska Venka
Published: July 2023

Abstract: In this paper, we explore children's perspectives on wellbeing at school through a multimodal, qualitative research design. Forty-seven students from Years 2, 4 and 6 in a public school in Denmark shared their insights regarding their own wellbeing in school through written accounts and videos, as well as other articulations such as drawings, paintings and Lego models. The analysis makes use of an "extended" conceptualization of wellbeing at school, which integrates four entangled dimensions: being, belonging, becoming and agency, with aspects of the whole-school material and social environment. The analysis shows that children experience wellbeing as an embodied, multifaceted phenomenon embedded in the school context but also connected with their lives outside of school. Furthermore, the analysis points to the importance of relationships at school for wellbeing but also the significance of teacher guidance as well as the sense of safety and trust facilitated by the school staff. School facilities, workload, rhythms, time schedules and numerous transitions also play pivotal roles in student experiences of wellbeing. Finally, the findings demonstrate that in students' views, their involvement in and consequential influence on decision-making at school as a whole is decisive for their sense of wellbeing.
«Сводня грустно за столом»: K истории и интерпретации
Authors: Kitanina Tatiana
Published: July 2023

Abstract: This article examines the literary and practical context of Pushkin's poem "Svodnia grustno za stolom…" in an attempt to elucidate what caused Pushkin to put aside his labors on important works like Eugene Onegin and The Blackamoor of Peter the Great for the sake of a facetious, obscene poem clearly never intended for publication, and to explain what made him conceal this poem from everyone he knew. This parodic ballad is analyzed in the context of the literary society Arzamas and its informal mode of communication, the influence of Pushkin's uncle Vasilii L´vovich and his poem "Opasnyi sosed," and as of a piece with Pushkin's juvenile parodies of Zhukovskii. The author situates "Svodnia…" in a broader picture of Pushkin's everyday life and his social circle after his return from exile in Mikhailovskoe, as well as a change in Pushkin's attitude towards parodies targeting Zhukovskii which came about in the mid-1820s in the context of literary battles and polemics in the journals. Along the way, this article dispels a conspiracy-minded interpretation of the poem that connects it to the executions of the Decembrists and reads the deadbeat "guests" in the poem as the executioners carousing after carrying out the sentences.
Twenty-First-Century Prisoners of the Caucasus: Scapegoats and Sacrificial Lambs in Aleksei Uchitel's Captive
Authors: Clark Elena Pedigo
Published: July 2023

Abstract: This article examines the "Prisoner of the Caucasus" story as it has evolved over the past two centuries, culminating in a discussion of Aleksei Uchitel's 2008 film Captive ( Plennyi ). As part of its analysis it will use the concept of "scapegoating" in modern war literature as described by David A. Buchanan in Going Scapegoat: Post-9/11 War Literature, Language and Culture . According to Buchanan, scapegoating characters in war narratives is a way for people to simultaneously create a shared identity through the language of colonial conquest while shedding themselves of their shared guilt for wars of questionable moral purpose. This article argues that in this long-running "Prisoner of the Caucasus" narrative, both the Circassian/Chechen character who dies, and the Russian haunted by that death, serve as scapegoats for the guilt of a Russian public anxious to disavow itself of culpability in Russia's wars of colonial expansion.
A City Transfigured: The Structure of the Bialystok Jewish Community after World War II
Authors: Sadowska Joanna
Published: July 2023

Abstract: This article concerns the Jewish community living in Bialystok, northeastern Poland's largest city. It used to be an important center of Jewish social and cultural life, with over forty thousand Jewish residents before World War II. As a consequence of the Holocaust, the population of the community decreased to a maximum of 1,500. The research, based mainly on statistical data from Jewish social institutions, reveals further changes, mainly caused by migratory movements and the processes of acculturation and assimilation, which led to the total disappearance of that community within less than thirty years. Another subject of the analysis is the demographic and professional structure of this population in the postwar years. The research shows that the unique demographic structure was the result of varied chances of survival during the war: higher in the case of men and people of working age. The professional activity of Bialystok Jews was characterized by a low rate of regular employment, especially in industry, and a relatively high rate of work in cooperatives and craft workshops. This professional structure differed significantly from the situation before the war and also from that typical in Polish society in general during this period, but with the passage of time, the uniqueness of the Jewish community decreased.
Critical Pedagogical Jewish Studies: Whiteness, Racism, and Jewish Ethno/National Fissures
Authors: Ingenthron Elizabeth T.
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Critical pedagogy makes for an enriched approach to Jewish Studies because of shared principles and values also found in Jewish traditions and teachings. The first step of critical pedagogy is to pose the world as a problem. This article agrees with scholarship suggesting that whiteness and racism are fundamental problems of our time. After synthesizing Jewish Studies with a critical pedagogical approach that focuses on the problems of whiteness and racism, the next important step in critical pedagogy is reflection—in this instance, reflection on the relationship between Judaism, whiteness, and racism. This article uses critical whiteness studies as a theoretical framework for reflecting on these relationships. There are two overarching schools of thought in critical whiteness studies—one being that whiteness can be rearticulated to "antiracist white," and the other arguing that whiteness must be abolished. The following article builds upon the latter, making a proposal for one way that Judaism might contribute to liberation movements led by Black, Indigenous and People of Color toward the abolition of whiteness and racism. Finally, the article explores cultural action, the third step of critical pedagogy, at the ideological and material levels. Bringing critical whiteness studies to Jewish Studies reveals one of the many possible ways that Judaism can help to dismantle whiteness and racism.
Design of three-bit binary to gray converter based on metal–insulator–metal plasmonic waveguides
Authors: Abdulwahid Saif H. , Saeed Mohammed R. , Hadi Ahmed Adnan
Published: July 2023

Using the finite element method and COMSOL version 5.5, a three-bit binary to gray converter with three plasmonic substructures and five input and three output ports was designed. Using a 520nm×200nm metal–insulator–metal plasmonic structure, the plasmonic converter was developed. In this configuration, the transmission threshold (Tthreshold) is set to 45% at an operating wavelength of 1310 nm. Utilizing the modulation depth, contrast ratio (CR), and insertion loss criteria, the effectiveness of the plasmonic converter is evaluated. For the first, second, and third output terminals, the CR has respective values of 40.1 dB, 9.3 dB, and 9.2 dB.
Generation of squeezed quantum microcombs with silicon nitride integrated photonic circuits
Authors: Jahanbozorgi Mandana , Yang Zijiao , Sun Shuman , Chen Haoran , Liu Ruxuan , Wang Beichen , Yi Xu
Published: July 2023

A two-mode squeezed microresonator-based frequency comb is demonstrated with CMOS-compatible silicon nitride integrated photonic circuits. Seventy quantum modes, in a span of 1.3 THz, are generated in an integrated Kerr microresonator at telecommunication wavelengths.
Deep coded exposure: end-to-end co-optimization of flutter shutter and deblurring processing for general motion blur removal
Authors: Zhang Zhihong , Dong Kaiming , Suo Jinli , Dai Qionghai
Published: July 2023

Coded exposure photography is a promising computational imaging technique capable of addressing motion blur much better than using a conventional camera, via tailoring invertible blur kernels. However, existing methods suffer from restrictive assumptions, complicated preprocessing, and inferior performance. To address these issues, we proposed an end-to-end framework to handle general motion blurs with a unified deep neural network, and optimize the shutter’s encoding pattern together with the deblurring processing to achieve high-quality sharp images. The framework incorporates a learnable flutter shutter sequence to capture coded exposure snapshots and a learning-based deblurring network to restore the sharp images from the blurry inputs. By co-optimizing the encoding and the deblurring modules jointly, our approach avoids exhaustively searching for encoding sequences and achieves an optimal overall deblurring performance. Compared with existing coded exposure based motion deblurring methods, the proposed framework eliminates tedious preprocessing steps such as foreground segmentation and blur kernel estimation, and extends coded exposure deblurring to more general blind and nonuniform cases. Both simulation and real-data experiments demonstrate the superior performance and flexibility of the proposed method.
Soliton microcomb-assisted microring photonic thermometer with ultra-high resolution and broad range
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Wang Jin , Kang Guoguo , Gao Jianxin , Qu Zhier , Wan Shuai , Dong Chunhua , Pan Yijie , Qu Jifeng
Published: July 2023

Whispering gallery mode resonators (WGMRs) have proven their advantages in terms of sensitivity and precision in various sensing applications. However, when high precision is pursued, the WGMR demands a high-quality factor usually at the cost of its free spectral range (FSR) and corresponding measurement range. In this article, we propose a high-resolution and wide-range temperature sensor based on chip-scale WGMRs, which utilizes a Si3N4 ring resonator as the sensing element and a MgF2-based microcomb as a broadband frequency reference. By measuring the beatnote signal of the WGM and microcomb, the ultra-high resolution of 58 micro-Kelvin (μK) was obtained. To ensure high resolution and broad range simultaneously, we propose an ambiguity-resolving method based on the gradient of feedback voltage and combine it with a frequency-locking technique. In a proof-of-concept experiment, a wide measurement range of 45 K was demonstrated. Our soliton comb-assisted temperature measurement method offers high-resolution and wide-range capabilities, with promising advancements in various sensing applications.
Soil-transmitted helminthiases among school-age children and their association with water, sanitation, and hygiene, Hawassa City, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Bokicho Belachew , Hailu Dejene , Eshetu Bethlehem , Matie Male , Tadele Tafese
Published: July 2023

Background

Soil-transmitted helminthes pose the main health impact in tropical and sub-tropical regions, with children being at increased risk of infection. This study assessed the prevalence of soil transmitted helminthes among school children and their association with water, sanitation, and hygiene condition in Hawassa City, southern Ethiopia.

Methodology/Principal findings

A cross-sectional study design was employed on randomly selected 549 school-age children from 11 schools by using a multistage sampling method. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and observation checklist. Stool samples were collected and tested as fresh within 2 hours using the Kato-Katz technique as standard procedure. Data were analyzed by SPSS software; results were summarized using descriptive statistics, and a logistic regression model. Levels of considerable tests were determined with a 95% confidence interval and P-values <0.05.

The overall prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthes was 49.7% (95% CI: 45.7%, 53.9%). Overall, water and latrines services were below the standard of 20 liters per person per day and one latrine seat per 50 boys and 25 girls respectively. In particular, no habit of washing hands with water and soap, 1.9%, (95% CI: 1.2%, 3.0%); inaccessible to safe drinking water, 10.8%, (95% CI: 3.96%, 30.26%); inaccessible to improved latrine, 10.8%, (95% CI: 1.5%, 78.4%); and practicing open defecation at school compound, 9.4%, (95% CI: 1.5%, 57.2%) were the main issues of concern observed.

Conclusions/Significance

Almost half of the studied children were infected with one or more soil-transmitted helminthes. Schools had inadequate water, sanitation, and poor personal hygiene practices. The infection by soil-transmitted helminthes among school children was high. This study has indicated that water, sanitation, and hygiene-related factors were the main risk factors for helminthes infestation in the study area. The school community needs to focus on actions that promote hygiene practices in the school.
Dietary diversity practice and associated factors among adolescents in Ethiopia, systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ayele Fanos Yeshanew , Zerga Aregash Abebayehu , Gebeyehu Fikre Bayu , Tadesse Sisay Eshete , Zewude Segenet , Habteslasie Yeshi , Befekadu Zena
Published: July 2023

Background

Adolescence (10–19 years) is a critical life period for growth and health. An increase in dietary diversity in the food is related to improved nutrient adequacy of the diet. However, studies conducted on dietary diversity practice among adolescents showed non-conclusive and inconsistent findings on the magnitude of the problem. Likewise, there was no meta-analysis conducted in the study area. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of good dietary diversity practice and its associated factors among adolescents in Ethiopia.

Methods

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline was followed. All articles were systematically searched by Google Scholar, PubMed, Hinari, Cochrane Library, Global Health and CINAHL. Meta-analysis was conducted by using STATA 14 software. Forest plots were used to present the pooled prevalence of good dietary diversity practices. A random effect model was used to compute the pooled prevalence; while subgroup analysis was performed to identify the possible source of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed by the begg’s and egger’s test. Moreover, the associated factor of dietary diversity practices was observed.

Results

This review involved 7 studies, and 3,950 participants. The pooled prevalence of good dietary diversity practice among adolescents in Ethiopia was 39.24% (95% CI: 30.82, 47.66). Mothers with formal education [AOR = 1.98, (95% CI: 1.65, 2.36)], fathers with formal education [AOR = 2.30, (95% CI: 1.81, 2.93)], Medium wealth index [AOR = 2.75, (95% CI: 1.96, 3.86)] and urban residence [AOR = 2.88, (95% CI: 1.59, 5.22)] were positively associated with good dietary diversity practice.

Conclusions

The pooled prevalence of good dietary diversity practices among adolescents is low. Being urban residents, the medium wealth quintile, mothers’ educational status and fathers’ educational status were independent factors of good dietary diversity practice among adolescents. Therefore, focused nutritional interventions should be given to rural residents and adolescents from low economic status.
Fumagillin regulates stemness and malignancies in cancer stem-like cells derived from liver cancer via targeting to MetAP-2
Authors: Zhang Ke , Hu Jian , Zhao Ziyi
Published: July 2023

Background

Cancer relapse is associated with the presence of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), which lead to multidirectional differentiation and unrestricted proliferative replication. Fumagillin, a myocotoxin produced by the saprophytic filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, has been reported to affect malignant characteristics in hepatocellular cancer cells. However, its exact role in CSCs is still unknown.

Methods

CSCs were enriched by culturing cancer cells in serum-free medium. The effects of fumagillin on malignant cell characteristics and mitochondrial function were measured. The regulatory role of fumagillin on methionine aminopeptidase-2 (MetAP-2) was assessed.

Results

When it was supplemented in medium, fumagillin treatment inhibited sphere formation and the maintenance of stemness of CSCs without disturbing cell growth. Fumagillin also decreased stemness-related markers and the aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1)-positive proportion, which demonstrated that fumagillin decreases stemness in CSCs. It was also found to inhibit malignant traits in CSCs, including cell proliferation, invasion, and tumor formation, and sensitize CSCs to chemoagents, including sorafenib and doxorubicin, by promoting chemoagent-induced apoptosis. Moreover, fumagillin treatment was found to disturb mitochondrial membrane homeostasis, ATP synthesis and mitochondrial transcriptional activity. In addition, we found that fumagillin decreased MetAP-2 protein levels and exerted anti-CSC effects potentially by regulating MetAP-2. We also found that fumagillin treatment activated p53 and its transcriptional activity and thus caused cell cycle blockade. Moreover, fumagillin treatment significantly decreased tumor formation in nude mice.

Conclusion

This work offers evidence for fumagillin as a specific inhibitor of liver cancer CSCs and proposes a novel strategy for cancer therapy.
Factors affecting food waste: A bibliometric review on the household behaviors
Authors: Pilone Vittoria , di Santo Naomi , Sisto Roberta
Published: July 2023

Sustainability issues such as food insecurity, climate change, land degradation, economic development and food waste are the actual most important challenges at the global level. Among them, the food waste (FW) challenge has a great magnitude, emphasizing the importance of examining this issue. Specifically, there is a need to focus on the household level. Thus, this study aims to investigate and identify the main factors influencing FW household behaviors on which policymakers and stakeholders could outline specific and sustainable strategies. Starting from a large number of published studies on this subject with a similar aim but focusing on specific Countries or contexts, the goal of our study is achieved through the implementation of a systematic literature review followed by a bibliometric review using the VOSviewer software. The selected query generated a total of 235 matching papers from which only 111 papers were collected for the bibliometric review because of the inclusion criteria. The analysis showed the existence of four major research strands: the largest one analyses the antecedents of behavior during food management, including the implementation of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Other detected topics are the economic impact of FW, the effects generated by the Covid-19 pandemic on consumer behaviors, and finally, the environmental and social effects of FW. The objective of this study is to investigate and identify the main factors influencing FW household behaviors. The obtained output represents useful information for policymakers and stakeholders to outline specific and sustainable strategies to reduce FW.
Transposable element insertions in 1000 Swedish individuals
Authors: Bilgrav Saether Kristine , Nilsson Daniel , Thonberg Håkan , Tham Emma , Ameur Adam , Eisfeldt Jesper , Lindstrand Anna
Published: July 2023

The majority of rare diseases are genetic, and regardless of advanced high-throughput genomics-based investigations, 60% of patients remain undiagnosed. A major factor limiting our ability to identify disease-causing alterations is a poor understanding of the morbid and normal human genome. A major genomic contributor of which function and distribution remain largely unstudied are the transposable elements (TE), which constitute 50% of our genome. Here we aim to resolve this knowledge gap and increase the diagnostic yield of rare disease patients investigated with clinical genome sequencing. To this end we characterized TE insertions in 1000 Swedish individuals from the SweGen dataset and 2504 individuals from the 1000 Genomes Project (1KGP), creating seven population-specific TE insertion databases. Of note, 66% of TE insertions in SweGen were present at >1% in the 1KGP databases, proving that most insertions are common across populations. Focusing on the rare TE insertions, we show that even though ~0.7% of those insertions affect protein coding genes, they rarely affect known disease casing genes (<0.1%). Finally, we applied a TE insertion identification workflow on two clinical cases where disease causing TE insertions were suspected and could verify the presence of pathogenic TE insertions in both. Altogether we demonstrate the importance of TE insertion detection and highlight possible clinical implications in rare disease diagnostics.
Characterization of aminoglycoside resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae collected from tertiary hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ahmed Omar B. , Asghar Atif H. , Bamaga Majid , Bahwerth Fayez S. , Ibrahim Mutasim E.
Published: July 2023

Since the peak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, concerns around multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens have increased. This study aimed to characterize aminoglycoside resistance genes in MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 220 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria were collected from tertiary hospitals in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, between April 2020 and January 2021. The prevalence of K. pneumoniae was 40.5%; of the 89 K. pneumoniae isolates, MDR patterns were found among 51 (57.3%) strains. The MDR isolates showed elevated resistance rates to aminoglycoside agents, including amikacin (100%), gentamicin (98%), and tobramycin (98%). PCR assays detected one or more aminoglycoside genes in 42 (82.3%) MDR K. pneumoniae strains. The rmtD gene was the most predominant gene (66.7%; 34/51), followed by aac(6′)-Ib and aph(3′)-Ia (45.1%; 23/51). The aac(3)-II gene was the least frequent gene (7.8%; 4/51) produced by our isolates. The rmtC gene was not detected in the studied isolates. Our findings indicated a high risk of MDR bacterial infections through the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, there is a need for continuous implementation of effective infection prevention control (IPC) measures to monitor the occurrence of MDR pathogens and the emergence of MDR bacterial infections through the COVID-19 outbreak.
Anxiety and depression among caregivers of pediatric patients with tic disorder in western China: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Zheng , Yang Chunsong , Yu Dan , Zeng Linan , Jia Zhi-Jun , Cheng Guo , Zhang Lingli
Published: July 2023

Background

Caregivers of pediatric patients with tic disorders (TD) are at high risk for anxiety and depression, but the situation of this disorder was rarely reported based on the Chinese population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and potential contributing factors of anxiety and depression among caregivers of Chinese pediatric patients with TD.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out on caregivers of pediatric patients with TD at a women’s and children’s hospital in western China from January to June 2020. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect data, including socio-demographic information, disease and medication status, family situation and social relationship, cognition and attitude towards TD and treatment. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS), respectively. The univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the cross-sectional data.

Results

A total of 318 participants were included in this study, with a response rate of 89.58% (318/355). The average age of pediatric patients with TD was 8.38 ± 2.54 years, and 78.30% (249/318) of caregivers were aged between 30–50 years old. Overall, 14.78% (47/318) of caregivers presented the symptom of anxiety, with a mean SAS score of 54.81±5.26, and 19.81% (63/318) of caregivers presented the symptom of depression, with a mean SDS score of 59.64±5.83. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the common family relationship (OR = 2.512, p = 0.024), and pediatric patients with unharmonious social relationships (OR = 5.759, p = 0.043) and with introverted personality (OR = 2.402, p = 0.023) were significantly associated with anxiety in caregivers of pediatric patients with TD, as well as the single-parent family (OR = 4.805, p = 0.011), mistaken cognition of TD (OR = 0.357, p = 0.031), and pediatric patients with fewer friends (OR = 3.377, p = 0.006) were significantly associated with depression.

Conclusions

Anxiety and depression are prevalent among caregivers of TD pediatric patients, which brings up the importance of psychiatric support for this group. Longitudinal studies need to be conducted to further confirm the causality before interventions to improve mental health are developed.
El ciclo de aplicación de la ética en el diseño de infraestructuras institucionales para la integridad
Authors: Rodríguez Alba Jaime
Published: July 2023

La ética en la gestión pública es una ética pública aplicada que exige la intersección de la ética profesional, la ética organizacional, la ética cívica y la ética política. Cuando exploramos autores que la conciben como ética aplicada observamos que no hay claridad sobre el sentido de la aplicación. Esto es una característica común en las éticas aplicadas. En este artículo exploramos trabajos ya clásicos sobre la noción, sentido y problemas involucrados en la concepción de las éticas aplicadas. Ponemos foco en la ética aplicada a la gestión pública destacando como tesis que la misma, por su naturaleza, así como por las características de su campo de trabajo -la gestión pública, con sus problemáticas y especificidades- supone reconocer la presencia de una materialidad de principios que, cuando se siguen desde la reflexión moral usual en el diseño de dispositivos normativos e institucionales para las infraestructuras éticas en las instituciones públicas, arrojan ciertas dificultades. La tarea fundamentadora es central en este sentido. Abordamos la centralidad que la misma adquiere en especial ante los impactos de las tecnologías exponenciales. Esta tarea fundamentadora, inserta en un ciclo de aplicación de la ética -que pasa por momentos descriptivos, normativos y metaéticos- permite superar dificultades presentes en el diseño e implementación de infraestructuras éticas.
Democracia, crisis y violencia: fisuras para la democratización del Chile post-2019
Authors: Valdebenito Jorge , Berrios Marambio Christian
Published: July 2023

El objetivo general del presente estudio es caracterizar los procesos de irrupción, progresión y desenlace que evidencian los episodios de conflictividad social ocurridos en Chile, entre los años 2015 y 2020. Como unidades de observación se consideran la coyuntura de huelga minera en que fue asesinado Nelson Quichillao (2016); el mayo chilote (2016); el estallido social (2019); y la rebelión del hambre de la comuna de El Bosque (2020). Se emplea al análisis del contenido de fuentes secundarias, correspondientes estas a literatura académica y recortes de prensa local. La observación integrada de los casos indica como principal resultado la persistencia de una baja capacidad sistémica del entramado institucional chileno a la hora de anticipar y reaccionar ante la sucesión de momentos de conflicto social. Ello se expresa en la implementación reiterada de una estrategia de gestión de la crisis basada en la militarización (vía promulgación del Estado de excepción), criminalización mediático-jurídica de la protesta social y otorgación de concesiones mínimas (y/o parciales) a los sectores movilizados. Como discusión, se plantea que tal estrategia, implementada durante las segundas administraciones respectivas de Michelle Bachelet (2014-2018) y Sebastián Piñera (2018-2022) permiten codificar el surgimiento y fortalecimiento de nuevos referentes políticos, pero que hoy evidencian ser portadores de una serie de tendencias críticas para la estabilidad democrática de la formación social chilena.
Cittadinanze sospese. Precarietà, mobilità e diritti delle ricercatrici e dei ricercatori italiani all’estero
Authors: Carrozza Chiara , Giorgi Alberta , Raffini Luca
Published: July 2023

I processi di transnazionalizzazione e di flessibilizzazione/precarizzazione del lavoro contribuiscono a riconfigurare gli attributi di cittadinanza formale e le pratiche di cittadinanza materiale delle nuove generazioni, trasformando in modo radicale il rapporto tra individui, lavoro, territorio e diritti. Le implicazioni sul piano della cittadinanza di precarietà e mobilità sono state indagate raramente nella loro interazione. Obiettivo del contributo è individuare in che modo la “flessimobilità” incide nel riconfigurare il rapporto tra giovani e cittadinanza e comprendere come contribuisca ad alimentare l’incertezza nella progettazione dei percorsi di vita. Il contributo si basa sull’analisi di documenti UE e interviste in profondità a ricercatrici mobili nello Spazio Europeo della Ricerca. La ricerca indica che vi sono delle fratture e delle contraddizioni nel modo in cui la mobilità è soggettivamente e oggettivamente vissuta. La tensione tra la promozione istituzionale alla mobilità e la debole costruzione di un sistema di diritti coerente con questa, spinge i ricercatori flessi-precari ad assumere in larga parte su di sé i rischi e le incertezze connessi a questo tipo di percorso. In questa tensione è ravvisabile l’influenza di un approccio neoliberista, che spinge gli individui a responsabilizzarsi e le istituzioni a deresponsabilizzarsi.
Más allá del trauma complejo: Hacia una filosofía del suplicio en la infancia
Authors: Rauld Farías Juan Carlos
Published: July 2023

El presente trabajo examina el concepto de trauma complejo a la luz de la filosofía política del célebre filósofo francés Michel Foucault, específicamente a partir del pensamiento teórico conocido como biopolítica. El nexo entre trauma complejo y biopolítica nos permitirá arribar en torno al concepto de suplicio en la obra de Foucault. Esta conceptualización es pertinente por dos razones. La primera, porque ella ofrecería la posibilidad de pensar una filosofía de la niñez más allá del trauma psicológico. Mientras que la segunda, dice relación con que el suplicio como concepto permitiría expresar de manera precisa, una dimensión clínica que el trauma por sí mismo no logra reflejar en el trabajo con niños sometidos a esta tipología de trauma. En otras palabras, este texto pretende esbozar una perspectiva de investigación capaz de comprender a la infancia más allá de la clínica psicopatológica o neuropsicológica.
Políticas gubernamentales y difusión del turismo de interior en el marco del paradigma de la sostenibilidad: Brasil y España
Authors: Pontes da Fonseca Maria Aparecida , Zaar Miriam-Hermi , García Marín Ramón
Published: July 2023

El turismo de interior, con sus diferentes tipologías, se ha desarrollado de acuerdo con las políticas turísticas de cada territorio y conforme a un proceso lógico derivado de los impactos negativos ocasionados por el crecimiento extraordinario del modelo convencional de sol y playa, y asistido por el avance del paradigma de la sostenibilidad. El objetivo reside en analizar como las políticas públicas han contribuido a promover el turismo de interior en Brasil y España, propiciando una nueva dinámica espacial de la actividad en las dos últimas décadas. La investigación puede catalogarse como documental descriptiva, longitudinal o evolutiva (periodo 2000-2019). Para el caso de Brasil, además de los datos obtenidos en los órganos públicos oficiales, se recurrió a otras fuentes de naturaleza distinta debido a la escasez de informaciones oficiales sistematizadas: la Guia Quatro Rodas (GQR). En España se han analizado las informaciones sobre las políticas de desarrollo del turismo rural ejecutadas mediante la iniciativa Leader y el programa Proder, entre otras, así como los datos sobre la evolución del turismo de interior aportados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). A pesar de que estos países presentan realidades turísticas distintas, el paradigma de la sostenibilidad ha ganado relevancia en ambos territorios, y ha contribuido a mejorar la estructura espacial de esta actividad, posibilitando una mayor difusión y el incremento de este sector en territorios de interior.
La integración de la sostenibilidad y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) en la docencia geográfica del turismo: una propuesta didáctica y metodológica para la Universidad
Authors: Garzón-García Rafael , Florido-Trujillo Gema , Ramírez-López María Luisa
Published: July 2023

El objeto de este trabajo es abordar la cuestión, de creciente interés y actualidad, de la integración de la sostenibilidad y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) en la docencia universitaria. La relevancia de la cuestión se sustenta tanto en el desafío global que constituye la consecución de la Agenda 2030 como en el papel destacado que a este respecto puede desempeñar la educación superior. Para una integración eficaz, resulta imprescindible el diseño de planes de estudio y programas que permitan la incorporación de contenidos y competencias de sostenibilidad de manera adaptativa a los diferentes campos temáticos y sectores profesionales, como propugna la Educación para el Desarrollo Sostenible (EDS). Este trabajo se centra en el estudio geográfico del turismo, en tanto que sector de gran potencial para ello. Se ha recurrido a la experiencia desarrollada desde años atrás en un contexto universitario real, así como a la aplicación de la visión y estrategias de la Pedagogía del Turismo Sostenible (PTS), para la definición de un itinerario temático de docencia geográfica del turismo a través de tres asignaturas fundamentales. Los resultados, detallados a través de un desarrollo conceptual, metodológico y práctico, muestran la posibilidad de articular un itinerario temático coherente, que integre de manera efectiva el paradigma de la sostenibilidad y los ODS en el desarrollo docente. Se plantea como experiencia inspiradora tanto para el turismo como para otros campos de estudio y sectores profesionales.
¿El turismo como estrategia de desarrollo? Un análisis empírico desde la costa ecuatoriana. El caso de la comuna ancestral Olón.
Authors: Lager Marie Therese
Published: July 2023

En los últimos 30 años, la comuna ancestral Olón ubicada en el filo costero de la Provincia de Santa Elena, experimentó una transformación acelerada. Anteriormente siendo agrícola y pesquera, la industria del turismo convirtió esta comunidad en un destino turístico conocido internacionalmente. Desde los años 90, a través de la entrega de tierras a actores externos, se consolidaron las bases para la inserción de la industria del turismo. Hoy Olón se convirtió en la nueva residencia para estadounidenses y canadienses jubilados. Desde una mirada crítica se analizan los resultados de la expansión turística a nivel local y se dan a conocer los efectos socioeconómicos causados por el turismo residencial.
Una aproximación a la exclusión residencial que afecta a las mujeres migrantes: el sinhogarismo oculto
Authors: Villa-Rodríguez Kerly Geraldina , De la Fuente-Roldán Iria Noa , Sánchez-Moreno Esteban
Published: July 2023

El sinhogarismo femenino es una realidad escasamente abordada que parece estar oculta. Esto es especialmente cierto si se considera la realidad de las mujeres migrantes, afectadas por una triple invisibilidad: la de mujer, migrante y en situación de sinhogarismo. En este sentido, el presente trabajo analiza la realidad del llamado “sinhogarismo oculto” que afecta a las mujeres de origen extranjero. Para ello se mostrarán los resultados obtenidos en una investigación cualitativa desarrollada mediante la realización de entrevistas en profundidad a 14 mujeres migrantes en situación de “sinhogarismo oculto” residentes en el municipio de Alhama de Murcia (Región de Murcia, España). Los resultados permiten caracterizar el sinhogarismo femenino migrante a partir de dos categorías fundamentales, la vivienda insegura y la vivienda inadecuada. Así, la insalubridad, la cohabitación forzosa, los defectos estructurales, los gastos excesivos en vivienda, las condiciones de hacinamiento o la inseguridad de las tenencias, constituyen elementos definitorios del “sinhogarismo oculto” que afecta a las mujeres de origen extranjero. Esto confirma que el sinhogarismo femenino migrante es un fenómeno que se desarrolla en lugares diferentes a los tradicionalmente asociados al sinhogarismo que afecta a los hombres: la vida en la calle y/o en los centros de atención. Ello lleva a la necesidad de conceptualizar el sinhogarismo de manera amplia para acceder a los espacios, tradicionalmente invisibilizados, en los que las mujeres están más presentes. Además, a partir de los discursos de las participantes se apunta a que las trayectorias que dirigen al sinhogarismo femenino migrante vienen marcadas por la exclusión residencial, pero también, por las dificultades de participación en el empleo y en los sistemas de protección social (vivienda y prestaciones sociales).