bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
n. 22 - O DESMONTE DAS POLÍTICAS DE FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES CONFRONTADO PELAS ENTIDADES ACADÊMICO-CIENTÍFICAS
Authors: Ventorim Silvana , Astori Fernanda Bindaco da Silva , Bitencourt Juverci Fonseca
Published: May 2020

Analisa documentos publicados nos sítios eletrônicos de entidades acadêmico-científicas brasileiras sobre as políticas de formação de professores, entre 2015 e 2019. Na análise documental de 19 textos, identificados na forma de notas, cartas, boletins, manifestos, documentos finais de evento, documentos base de audiências e moções públicas que abordam a formação de professores, assume a produção textual como espaço de fabricação, que nos seus usos e apropriações, constitui o debate sobre as políticas de formação de professores. Os resultados apontam que os elementos constituidores do debate sobre as políticas de formação de professores tencionam o recente cenário político educacional que tem como efeitos o esvaziamento do projeto de formação inicial dos professores da educação básica, a desqualificação da profissão e dos processos de formação continuada de professores e a vinculação da formação de professores às avaliações externas e em larga escala. As entidades manifestam-se pelos processos democráticos de produção de políticas educacionais e incentivam a comunidade acadêmica e educacional a manter a governança sobre o seu campo de atuação.
Factors associated with the nutritional status of children under-five years of age with diarrhoea in Ohangwena Region, Namibia
Authors: Bauleth Maria Francineth , Mitonga Honore Kabwebwe , Pinehas Lusia Ndahambelela
Published: May 2020

Purpose: This study aims at assessing the nutritional status of children under-five years of age with acute diarrhoea, determine the prevalence of malnutrition and identifying factors associated with undernutrition among children under 5 years old in Ohangwena Region, Namibia.Methods: Cross-sectional, non-interventional study was conducted. A structured questionnaire was administered through face to face interviews. A total of 530 children under-five years from 530 households were included in this study. The nutritional index was measured based on Child Growth Standards proposed by WHO. The anthropometric measures used included mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and weight-for-age Z score (WAZ). Logistic regression was applied to determine the factors associated with the prevalence of malnutrition.Results: The overall prevalence of diarrhoea among the children under-five years was 24%, of these, 77% were suffering from malnutrition. Malnutrition prevalence was observed to be significantly associated with a child suffering from diarrhoea (p < .05) and children aged between 12-23 months p .001. Equally, the highest prevalence of malnutrition 29.4% [95% CI = 24.65; 34.15] was found amongst children under-five years old with mothers/caregivers aged 18-30 years. The strongest predictor of malnutrition was the mother/caregiver not being an educated recording odds ratio of 20.2.Conclusions: This study identified the need to develop and intensify strategies that may improve nutritional status in children under-five years such as health education, improved literacy, and women empowerment.
Participatory decision-making for cancer care in a high-risk sample of low income Mexican-American breast cancer survivors: The role of acculturation
Authors: Cervantes-Ortega Maribel , Du Senxi , Biegler Kelly A. , Al-Majid Sadeeka , Davis Katelyn C. , Chen Yunan , Kobsa Alfred , Mukamel Dana B. , Sorkin Dara H.
Published: May 2020

Background: Despite declining cancer incidence and mortality rates, Latina patients continue to have lower 5-year survival rates compared to their non-Hispanic white counterparts. Much of this difference has been attributed to lack of healthcare access and poorer quality of care. Research, however, has not considered the unique healthcare experiences of Latina patients.Methods: Latina women with prior diagnoses of stage 0-III breast cancer were asked to complete a cross-sectional survey assessing several socio-demographic factors along with their experiences as cancer patients. Using a series of linear regression models in a sample of 68 Mexican-American breast cancer survivors, we examined the extent to which patients’ ratings of provider interpersonal quality of care were associated with patients’ overall healthcare quality, and how these associations varied by acculturation status.Results: Findings for Latina women indicated that both participatory decision-making (PDM) (β = 0.62, p < .0001) and trust (β = 0.53, p = .02) were significantly associated with patients’ ratings of healthcare quality. The interaction between acculturation and PDM further suggested that participating in the decision-making process mattered more for less acculturated than for more acculturated patients (β = -0.51, p ≤ .01).Conclusions: The variation across low and high acculturated Latinas in their decision-making process introduces a unique challenge to health care providers. Further understanding the relationship between provider-patient experiences and ratings of overall healthcare quality is critical for ultimately improving health outcomes.
A lack of allocated research time challenges the extent of the implementation of evidence-based practice - A three-year retrospective follow-up cohort study of Master of Science in Nursing graduates
Authors: Berthelsen Connie
Published: May 2020

Objective: To describe and compare the development of Master of Science in Nursing graduates’ research utilization and improvement of knowledge, one to three years after graduation, and to describe their beliefs, abilities and implementation regarding evidence-based practice in the workplace.Methods: Sixty-five Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) graduates, associated with an academic cohort, were invited to participate in a three-year retrospective follow-up study. Forty-five MSN graduates replied, providing a response rate of 69.23%. A questionnaire of four areas, consisting of the customary cohort questionnaire combined with the EBP Belief scale and the EBP Implementation scale, was sent to the participants using SurveyMonkey®.Results: An overall increased development in MSN graduates’ research utilization and knowledge improvement in all parameters was found from one to three years after graduation, along with greater knowledge of, and a stronger belief in the value of, evidence-based practice. However, a strong decrease in allocated time for research was found, leading to a very limited implementation of evidence-based practice by the MSN graduates.Conclusions: The study ends with a question about whether time is still an issue – even for academic nurses, who are educated and employed to implement evidence-based practice. If the barriers to nursing research are not taken seriously by nursing management then the extent of implementation of evidence-based practice and the improvement of quality in patient care and trajectories will continue to be very limited.
The Health Belief Model in Prevention Pesticide Toxicity
Authors: Mahyuni Eka L. , Harahap Urip
Published: May 2020

Various efforts have been made to reduce pesticide toxicity, but the level of community participation is still quite low. This study aims to analyze the health belief of Karo’s farmer in pesticide toxicity prevention. The sample used the snowball sampling technique and reach 55 participants. Data were collected by in-depth interviews, FGD, and analyzed in qualitative used thematic analysis. The results found that farmers knew the hazard and effects of pesticides, but they ignored all of prevention. They continue to survive using pesticides cause indirect effects and temporary form of pesticides. They will refer to health services if it was eaten or inhaled, with acute effects and this is very rare. These perceived of farmer showed no benefit to prevent the pesticide. Overall, the farmer will participate in the health programmed if it has the real object and has significant changes to the economic and welfare of farmers. It concluded that the model of health belief could be changing the health behavior in pesticide use influences by the pesticide hazard, fluctuating of market price and horticulture products in bigger demand, traditional medicine habit, and government assurance to farmers.
Effect of a Single Session of Facial Distortion Model Manual Physiotherapy and a Selected Foam Rolling Technique on Treatment Outcomes in Cervical Spine Overload. Pilot Study
Authors: Wiaderna Karolina , Selegrat Monika , Hadamus Anna
Published: May 2020

Background. The prevalence of neck pain is on the increase. A sedentary life style, poor ergonomics in the workplace and in daily life, and stress all contribute to neck overload. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a single session of a Fascial Distortion Model (FDM) intervention combined with foam rolling in patients with cervical spine overload.
Material and methods. The study enrolled 90 patients, who were randomized to an FDM group, a foam rolling group (who exercised with a Duoball against a wall) and a control group, of 30 patients each. Mobility was measured with a digital inclinometer, pain intensity was assessed with a VAS scale and (upper and middle) trapezius tone was evaluated by sEMG. These measurements were carried out twice in each group and analysed in Matlab and Statistica 13.
Results. Both groups subjected to a therapeutic intervention (FDM and foam rolling) reported a significant reduction in neck pain intensity and improved cervical spine mobility (p<0.01). The control group did not demonstrate changes in mobility or pain intensity. The resting trapezius tone did not change in any of the groups.
Conclusions, 1. A single session of FDM therapy can effectively reduce and eliminate cervical spine pain, which may be of use in work-site rehabilitation. 2. Single sessions of FDM and foam rolling can effectively improve neck mobility in patients with cervical spine overload. 3. There is a rationale for conducting further prospective randomized studies of larger samples to assess the duration of the beneficial effects of both therapies and determine an optimum session frequency.
Writing the New World: The Politics of Natural History in the Early Spanish Empire
Authors: Caraccioli Mauro Jose
Published: May 2020

In Writing the New World, Mauro
Caraccioli examines the natural history writings of early Spanish
missionaries, using these texts to argue that colonial Latin America was
fundamental in the development of modern political thought. Revealing
their narrative context, religious ideals, and political implications,
Caraccioli shows how these sixteenth-century works promoted a distinct
genre of philosophical wonder in service of an emerging colonial social
order.

Caraccioli discusses narrative techniques
employed by well-known figures such as Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo and
Bartolomé de Las Casas as well as less-studied authors including
Bernardino de Sahagún, Francisco Hernández, and José de Acosta. More
than mere catalogues of the natural wonders of the New World, these
writings advocate mining and molding untapped landscapes, detailing the
possibilities for extracting not just resources from the land but also
new moral values from indigenous communities. Analyzing the
intersections between politics, science, and faith that surface in these
accounts, Caraccioli shows how the portrayal of nature served the ends
of imperial domination.

Integrating the fields of
political theory, environmental history, Latin American literature, and
religious studies, this book showcases Spain’s role in the intellectual
formation of modernity and Latin America’s place as the crucible for the
Scientific Revolution. Its insights are also relevant to debates about
the interplay between politics and environmental studies in the Global
South today.
International Students’ Experiences of Public Administration Activity in the Host Country: Revealing Patterns of Administrative Culture
Authors: Miežanskienė Ramunė
Published: May 2020

The conducted research is aimed to identify those patterns in which administrative culture is distinguished while addressing the immigrants’ experiences related to administrative behaviour of state institutions and public servants in the host country. The conducted research particularly focuses on international students’ experiences in Lithuania. Therefore the analysis draws insights using a qualitative survey data where the international students’ of Kaunas municipality in Lithuania reveal their experiences, related to the behaviour of public service officials. For so, the conducted research explores students’ socio-demographic characteristics in their relation to experiences while carrying administrative activities. Consequently, the data is being used to support and illustrate the given arguments in how administrative culture distinguishes itself in the migration-related performance field. The main findings from the analysed data support arguments that in those cases when migrant's situation is being addressed, the administrative culture of the host country is admitted to have its own distinctive features. The case study of Kaunas municipality of Lithuania reveals that the immigrant-related administrative culture distinguishes oneself while facilitating such features as (I) restrictiveness in language usage policy which in turn creates obstacles for immigrants to obtain optimal access to information and (II) features of not sufficiently responsive administrative behaviour. Overall, the originality and the value the research gives additional input by revealing in what way administrative culture distinguishes oneself while addressing the immigrants case and at the same time, indicates the scope for public leadership in migrant related public administration activity.
Joint Study Programmes in the Educational Policy and Law of Eastern Partnership Countries
Authors: Budryte Paulina , Vashchenko Yuliya , Otradnova Olesia , Tsiura Vadym V.
Published: May 2020

This paper aims at analysing the policy and legal framework of joint study programmes in Eastern Partnership countries (EaP countries) in frames of the standards of the European Higher Education Area and providing the recommendations on its enhancement. It is concluded that the internationalization of higher education has been considered as one of the key priorities of the educational policy in EaP countries, however, more emphasis on the role of the joint study programmes is needed. The level of specification of legislative requirements on joint study programmes in EaP countries differs. The educational laws in Georgia, Moldova include special provisions devoted to joint study programmes, in Ukraine – basic framework, including the possibility to establish joint study programmes and awarding the joint degrees, while respective legislation in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Belarus – just general provisions regarding the international cooperation of higher educational institutions. It is suggested to implement the European Approach for Quality Assurance of Joint Programmes in national laws and regulations in EaP countries, first of all, in part of the definition of joint study programmes and the recognition of the accreditation decisions of foreign quality assurance agencies.
Darnaus vystymosi tikslų įgyvendinimo analizė Baltijos šalyse
Authors: Augaityte Kantaute
Published: May 2020

Šiame straipsnyje yra analizuojami Baltijos šalių pasiekimai siekiant darnaus vystymosi tikslų įgyvendinimo. Analizuojama mokslinė literatūra apibūdinanti darnaus vystymosi sąvoką bei sampratą. Pateikiamas holistinis požiūris į darnaus vystymosi suvokimą ir kompleksiškas požiūris į darnaus vystymosi siekimą. Straipsnyje naudojamasi 2015 m. Jungtinių tautų darnaus vystymosi darbotvarke ir jos iškeltais tikslais. Visi tikslai, remiantis, tarptautinio taikomosios sistemos analizės instituto (angl. International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis - IIASA)   suskirstomi į pagrindines šešias sritis – visuotinės vertybės, tausus išteklių naudojimas, aplinkos sąlygos, žmogaus poreikių patenkinimas, socialinis ir ekonominis augimas, valdymas ir partnerystė. Pagal šias sritis yra analizuojami pagrindiniai Baltijos šalių rodikliai (gini koeficientas, iš atsinaujinančių šaltinių gaunamos energijos dalis, šiltnamio efektą sukeliančių dujų emisijos, skurdo rizikos lygis, nedarbo lygis, valdžios išlaidos sveikatos priežiūrai ir švietimui, procentai nuo BVP). Pagal išanalizuotus rodiklius išskiriamos silpniausios sritys kiekvienoje iš Baltijos šalių ir tendencijos atsispindinčios visose Baltijos šalyse – Lietuvoje, Latvijoje bei Estijoje.
Le défi de l’Organisation pour l’harmonisation en Afrique du droit des affaires face au développement des marchés financiers africains : Quid de la protection des investisseurs
Authors: Sita Gloria Lubaki
Published: May 2020

By the time the founding fathers of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA) signed the Treaty of Port Louis, the financial markets in Western and Central Africa were embryonic. Nowadays the situation has changed and it seems appropriate to reconsider relationship between OHADA law and securities exchange markets. Indeed, OHADA's Community legislation has to deal with the securities markets covered and serve both the proper functioning of the market and the protection of investors. The uniform Act on Commercial Companies and Economic Interest Groupings contains provisions referring to specific financial rules. However, is this sufficient to earn the public trust? Financial market law is a complex discipline. If we supplement this the effort required for investors to find their way between the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) or the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) stock exchange law and national constraints throughout OHADA, the following question must be asked: How is the investor’s interest protected in this legal jungle? This paper tries to analyse the legal mechanisms of investor protection in the WAEMU Regional Stock Exchange and the Central African Stock Exchange, combining them with the uniform law for commercial companies of OHADA.
Die gewohnheitsrechtliche Praktik der Leviratsehe in Kenia und Uganda
Authors: Scheibinger Lena
Published: May 2020

The practice of levirate marriage describes cases where, under the customary conception of marriage, a male relative of the deceased husband ‘inherits’ or ‘takes over’ his widow. Based on the concept of legal pluralism, the paper analyses different notions of marriage in customary law and statutory law. Within this legal framework the collective character of marriage under customary law and the assumption that the alliance entered by two kin groups is not dissolved by the death of one spouse function as central preliminaries for the levirate marriage. Even though the levirate shows a large number of variables, all these arrangements were initially created as a support system for the widow and her children. Furthermore, it allowed the perpetuation of the lineage and the maintenance of the alliance between two families. By referring to case studies from various ethnic groups in Kenya and Uganda the paper discusses current developments of and challenges for this complex practice that constitutes a field of multiple negotiations especially in its legal-pluralistic context.
Les activités minières et le respect des droits de l’homme au Kivu
Authors: Kahombo Balingene
Published: May 2020

Les violations graves et massives des droits de l’homme sont la marque caractéristique de l’exploitation des ressources naturelles au Kivu, à l’est de la République Démocratique du Congo (RDC). Les minerais y sont très abondants, certains sont stratégiques pour le développement de l’industrie mondiale, mais ils ne profitent ni à l’Etat ni au peuple congolais. Bien au contraire, ils sont devenus la source de leurs malheurs. Cette étude tente d’expliquer les raisons profondes qui sont à la base de cette tension entre l’exploitation des minerais au Kivu et le respect des droits humains. L’analyse se focalise sur les droits à la paix, à la sécurité, à la santé, à un environnement sain et au développement. Elle relève essentiellement de la sociologie du droit, qui permet de capter des faits empiriques, les comportements des acteurs qui interviennent dans ce secteur, et de leur donner une signification en droit congolais, de manière à saisir la portée et les facteurs qui influent sur l’application ou l’inapplication de celui-ci. En fin de compte, cette étude propose des pistes juridiques de solution pour mettre fin à cette situation qui compromet actuellement toute perspective d’instauration de l’Etat de droit. La RDC devrait notamment être plus interventioniste, prendre directement lui-même le contrôle de certaines activités minières, mettre de l’ordre dans ses services administratifs de contrôle et réprimer sévèrement les infractions pénales qui se commettent dans ce secteur.
Das Private vor Gericht
Authors: Christians Annemone
Published: May 2020

Privatsphäre und bürgerliche Rechtsansprüche unter den Bedingungen der nationalsozialistischen Diktatur.

Das Gericht ist die Bühne der Offenlegung und Vermessung von Privatheit. Nirgends treffen Privatangelegenheiten und öffentliche Gewalt so unmittelbar aufeinander wie dort. Das galt insbesondere für das »Dritte Reich«: Die Realität der »Volksgemeinschaft« wurde vor Gericht verhandelt. Juristische Ermittlungen und Entscheidungen konnten Privaträume einschränken, zerstören - oder gewähren.
Annemone Christians untersucht erstmals, wie das NS-Rechtssystem mit Privatheit und Selbstbestimmung umging. Wie sah der juristische Entscheidungsprozess aus, wenn »Eigennutz« auf »Gemeinnutz« traf? In den Verfahren an Amts- und Landgerichten über Ehescheidungen, Mietstreitigkeiten, Eigentumszwiste und Pfändungen loteten Richter, Anwälte und Rechtsuchende täglich aus, welches Eigeninteresse Recht bekam und wie viel Autonomie im »totalen Staat« möglich war. Im Zivilrecht gestand das Regime den »Volksgenossen« durchaus private Rückzugsräume zu, doch im (Sonder-)Strafrecht verschob es die Grenzen zwischen einer privaten und einer öffentlichen Sphäre radikal.
Semiconductor Device Modeling and Simulation for Electronic Circuit Design
Authors: Shamsir Samira , Sakib Hasan Md , Hassan Omiya , Sarathi Paul Partha , Razuan Hossain Md , K. Islam Syed
Published: May 2020

This chapter covers different methods of semiconductor device modeling for electronic circuit simulation. It presents a discussion on physics-based analytical modeling approach to predict device operation at specific conditions such as applied bias (e.g., voltages and currents); environment (e.g., temperature, noise); and physical characteristics (e.g., geometry, doping levels). However, formulation of device model involves trade-off between accuracy and computational speed and for most practical operation such as for SPICE-based circuit simulator, empirical modeling approach is often preferred. Thus, this chapter also covers empirical modeling approaches to predict device operation by implementing mathematically fitted equations. In addition, it includes numerical device modeling approaches, which involve numerical device simulation using different types of commercial computer-based tools. Numerical models are used as virtual environment for device optimization under different conditions and the results can be used to validate the simulation models for other operating conditions.
Exploitation of Digestate in a Fully Integrated Biowaste Treatment Facility: A Case Study
Authors: Laura Mastellone Maria
Published: May 2020

The increase of biowaste generation has reached critical levels in many countries. The European legislation introduced the biowaste treatment and the organic recycling as central theme of its political agenda with the aim to promote the sustainable exploitation of this peculiar waste. The most utilized technologies applied to the biowaste treatment are based on the biological processes targeting to produce biogas or, more recently, biomethane to be used as fuel. The production of biomethane allows to produce a substitute of the fossil methane with a yield of about 0.07gCH4/gbiowaste; the remaining fractions are waste coming from the pretreatment/refining steps, solid digestate or stabilized compost, and leachate. The sustainable treatment of these fractions is a mandatory issue to treat the biowaste in a reliable and sustainable integrated process since their amount is more than 85% and the impact of their treatment on environment and economy of the overall treatment process can be quite relevant. This chapter focused on the so-called smart facility that integrates processes based on thermochemical processes with the biological one targeting to increase the overall sustainability, the flexibility regarding the input biowaste composition, and the independency by the external factors affecting the waste trading.
Hackerlık Kavramı, Modeller ve Medyada Hackerlığın Sunumu
Authors: ÇOBAN Serhat
Published: May 2020

Bu çalışmada hackerlık kavramının tarihsel süreç içinde yaşadığı değişimlerden bahsedilerek kavramın alanyazında ele alınış biçimlerinin bir modellemesi yapılmaya çalışılmıştır. Alanyazında temel olarak iki modelin yer aldığı saptanmıştır. Bunlar suç odaklı korumacı model ile özgürleşimci model olarak betimlenebilir. Çalışmadan çıkartılan bu modellemeler ekseninde medyanın hackerlık kavramını nasıl ele aldığı sorusuna da yanıtlar aranmıştır. 2019 yılının ilk altı ayında en çok ziyaret edilen İnternet haber sitelerinin üçünde çıkan hacker temalı haberler eleştirel söylem analizi yöntemi ile incelenmiş ve korumacı modelin haberlerde daha yaygın bir kullanıma sahip olduğu görülmüştür.
Epistemic Injustice as Systemic Communicative Dysfunction
Authors: Tishchenko Pavel D. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2020

It is argued that epistemic injustice as a problem of expertise is related not only to its scientization, closure, and the inability of institutionalized experts to hear the voice of representatives of the marginal communities, as stated in the article by S.Y. Shevchenko, but also to systemic communicative dysfunction in the relations of scientists, experts, representatives of marginal communities and state authorities. It is supposed that dashing about of dysfunctionality of interactions is the mistrust of social actors to each other which generates mutual forms of both hermeneutical, and testimonial injustice in M. Fricker sense. Unilateral view of marginalized communities is criticized. It should be taken into account that due to the rapid specialization in scientific production of knowledge, the boundary between the expert and the profane is radically shifted from the space of external social relations to the internal mental space of each of the experts.
Material Consequence and Formal Grounding
Authors: Dragalina-Chernaya Elena G. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2020

According to Alfred Tarski’s classical definition, logical consequence is necessary and formal. This paper focuses on the question: In what sense (if any) is material consequence a logical relation? For Tarski, material consequence has no modal force. Treating all terms (of a language with a fixed domain) as logical, he reduces logical consequence to material consequence. Thus, Tarskian material consequence seems to be a logical oxymoron designed to emphasize the importance of the distinction between logical and extra-logical terms for the definition of logical consequence. Historically, however, there have been different approaches to material consequences. This paper attempts to provide an investigation into the parallels between Tarski’s dichotomy of formal and material consequence and the modern
Life as Process
Authors: Dupré John ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2020

The thesis of this paper is that our understanding of life, as reflected in the biological and medical sciences but also in our everyday transactions, has been hampered by an inappropriate metaphysics. The metaphysics that has dominated Western philosophy, and that currently shapes most understanding of life and the life sciences, sees the world as composed of things and their properties. While these things appear to undergo all kinds of changes, it has often been supposed that this amounts to no more than a change in the spatial relations of their unchanging parts.From antiquity, however, there has been a rival to this view, the process ontology, associated in antiquity with the fragmentary surviving writings of Heraclitus. In the last century it has been especially associated with the work of the British metaphysician and logician, Alfred North Whitehead. For process ontology, what most fundamentally exists is change, or process. What we are tempted to think of as constant things are in reality merely temporary stabilities in this constant flux of change, eddies in the flux of process.My main claim in this paper will be that a metaphysics of this latter kind is the only kind adequate to making sense of the living world. After explaining in more detail, the differences between these ontological views, I shall illustrate the advantages of a process ontology with reference to the category of organism. Finally I shall explore some further implications of a process ontology for biology and for philosophy.
Epistemological Analysis of the Concept of Time in Esai Krymetsy’s Scientific Heritage
Authors: Meloian Anait , Sharypin Andrey V. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2020

Modern science leaves the specific nature of temporality unclear, despite the generally accepted notions of the unity and diversity of the forms of time. In contrast to the nature of space, the history of the development of views on the nature of time is neither evolutionary nor revolutionary. As a result, the focal point of the person biological and cognitive unity is regarded only as an auxiliary tool for constructing a computable world. Considering that the activity of consciousness was and remains the condition for the synthesis of Time, the way out of the current situation is in a constructive transition from the ontological claims of science to the study of epistemology of temporality, from the question “what is time” to the question “why is it possible to move”. Using the example of little-known data from the Armenian history of science about Esai Krymetsy, 15th century medieval astronomist, authors reconstruct the primary cognitive mechanisms of secularization and desacralization of the nature of time.
Kierkegaard’nun Öznel-Nesnel Hakikat Ayrımı Temelinde Tekil Birey Anlayışı
Authors: Soysal Soner ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: May 2020

Bu makalede Søren Kierkegaard felsefesinin temel kavramlarından birisi olan ve yine bu felsefeye varoluşçu karakterini kazandıran tekil birey kavramını ele alıyorum. Kierkegaard, ilk bakışta epistemolojik bir ayrımmış gibi görünen, bu kavramı öznel ile nesnel hakikat arasında yaptığı ayrım üzerine temellendirir. Kierkegaard tekil bireye giden yolun nesnel hakikatten değil, öznel hakikatten geçtiğini ileri sürer. Tekil birey, Kierkegaard’ya göre, kendi yaşamının sorumluluğunu alabilen, kendi yaşamını şekillendiren değerleri seçebilen ve bu değerlerle nasıl ilişki kuracağını belirleyebilen bir bireydir. Ne var ki, Kierkegaard’ya göre, tekil birey olmak o kadar da kolay bir iş değildir. Tekil birey olabilmek için insanın nesnel hakikatin güvenilir alanını terk edip, varoluşunu öznel hakikatin belirsizliğine teslim etmesi gerekir. Bu belirsizliği göze almadığında, insanın kendine ait bir yaşam sürmesi ve kendisi olarak varolmasının olanağı yoktur.
Wittgenstein’ın Birinci Dönem Düşüncelerindeki Resim Kuramı ve Anlamla İlgili Sorunlar
Authors: Arli Çil Dilek ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: May 2020

Ludwig Wittgenstein’ın dil, doğruluk ve anlam ile ilgili düşünceleri birinci dönem ve ikinci dönem olarak ele alınmaktadır. Wittgenstein, birinci döneminde, dilin ve düşüncenin dünyayı resmettiğini öne sürmüştür. Doğruluk ve anlam, resim teorisi bağlamında ortaya çıkmaktadır. İkinci döneminde bu düşüncesini terk ederek, pragmatik bir yaklaşım benimsemiş ve dilin sosyal boyutuna yönelmiştir. Bu makalenin temel amacı, Wittgenstein’ın birinci dönemindeki resim teorisi ve anlamla ilgili düşüncelerini ortaya koymak ve bu düşüncelerin barındırdığı sorunlar üzerinde durmaktır. Bu bağlamda, filozofun, birinci dönem düşüncelerini geliştirdiği Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus eseri çerçevesinde dil, doğruluk ve anlamla ilgili görüşleri detaylı olarak incelenerek bu görüşlerin içerdiği sorunlar ortaya konulacak ve bu sorunlara yönelik olası çözüm önerileri tartışılacaktır.
Felsefe İlerler mi?
Authors: Kamözüt Mehmet Cem ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: May 2020

Felsefenin ilerleyip ilerlemediği sorusu sıklıkla felsefe ve bilim arasında bir karşılaştırmaya dayanarak ele alınır. Öyle ki bilimin ilerlediği apaçık kabul edilir ve felsefenin de eğer ilerliyorsa bunun ancak bilime benzerliği sayesinde olanaklı olduğu düşünülür. Bilim ile kast edilen de genellikle kuramsal fiziktir. Bu yazıda bilimin ilerleyip ilerlemediği sorusunu ele almadım. Felsefenin ve bilimin aynı ölçütlere göre değerlendirilmesinin gerekliliğini de sorgulamadım. Ancak söz konusu karşılaştırmada yaygın olarak bir çifte standart uygulandığını belirtmek istiyorum. Göstermeye çalıştığım literatürde önerilen ölçütlerin her iki alana da tutarlı biçimde uygulanması durumunda birinin ilerlemediğini söylemenin tek yolunun diğerinin de ilerlemediğini söylemek olduğu. Ölçütün kullanılmasındaki bu yaygın çifte standardın temelde bilim ve felsefe eğitiminin yapısından kaynaklandığını öne sürüyorum.
Levinas’ın “Azizlik Etiği”nde Heidegger’i Bağışlama Olanağı
Authors: Demir Güneş Cevriye ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: May 2020

Avrupa’da Nazi Almanyası ve II. Dünya savaşı sonrasında “Alman Suçluluğu” kavramı temelinde tartışılan bağışlama sorunu, Levinas tarafından Mişna’da geçtiği şekliyle ele alınır. Yoma Risalesi, “İnsanın Tanrı’ya karşı kabahatleri Kefaret Günü’yle bağışlanır; insanın başkasına karşı kabahatleri Kefaret günüyle bağışlanmaz, meğerki öncelikle o kişinin gönlünü almamış olsun...” (Yoma Risalesi, 85a-85b) der. Makalede Levinas’ın bağışlama fikri ve Heidegger ile olan ilişkisi Mişna’da dile getirildiği ve Levinas’ın “azizlik etiği”nde konumlandığı şekilde irdelenmektedir. İnsanın Tanrı’ya ve Başkası’na karşı işlediği suç ve bağışlama koşullarını içeren makalede, Levinas’ın Dört Talmud Okuması adlı eserinde bağışlama sorununu Heidegger’i anarak tartışmış olmasının anlamı ve bu tartışmanın Heidegger’i bağışlama olanağı taşıyıp taşımadığının sorgulanması ele alınmaktadır. Levinas bağışlama fikrini, bağışlamayı olanaklı kılan “mağdurun iyi niyeti” ve “suçlunun tam bilinçliliği” koşullarını açığa vuran Talmud hikâyelerinden yola çıkarak ortaya koyar. Bağışlamanın diyalektiğine işaret eden hikâyelerden ikincisi, Nazi dehşetinin açığa çıkardığı “nafile acı”yı anımsatacak bir şekilde Heidegger anılarak ortaya konur. Hikâyede hocası Rabi Hanina’ya karşı suç işleyen ve hocasından on üç yıl boyunca Kefaret Günü’nde bağışlanma dileyen öğrenci Rabi’nin “bağışlanmasının çok zor olduğu” yorumu Levinas tarafından Nazi zulmüyle ilişkisi bağlamında Heidegger’e uyarlanır: “Çoğu Alman’ı bağışlayabiliriz, ama bağışlamanın zor olacağı Almanlar da vardır. Heidegger’i bağışlamak zordur. Hanina hakkaniyet ve insaniyet sahibi Rabi’yi aynı zamanda son derece parlak birisi olduğu için bağışlayamadıysa Heidegger’i bağışlamak daha da zordur”. Levinas’ın Heidegger’i diğer Almanlardan ayrıcalıklı görerek öğrenci Rabi’nin durumuyla benzerliği içinde ele alması ve Nazi Politikasıyla/dehşetiyle ilişkisi içerisinde bağışlanmasının olanağı ve olanaksızlığı üzerine düşünmesi, özellikle bunu bir azizlik ilişkisi çerçevesinde tartışmaya açması, Heidegger’e atfettiği değerin ve onunla hesaplaşmasının büyüklüğünü gösterir. Makalede Başkası’nın hatalarını da üstlenen sonsuz sorumlulukla şekillenmiş, varlığın ötesindeki iyi’yi açığa çıkaran Levinas’ın “azizlik etiği”nin Heidegger’i bağışlama olanağı taşıdığı ileri sürülmektedir
Tasks of Philosophy in the Present Age
Authors: Gadamer Hans-Georg , Nielsen Cynthia , Moore Ian Alexander ,   DePaul University
Published: May 2020

This is a translation of Hans-Georg Gadamer’s recently discovered 1952 Berlin speech. The speech includes several themes that reappear in Truth and Method, as well as in Gadamer’s later writings such as Reason in the Age of Science. For example, Gadamer criticizes positivism, modern philosophy’s orientation toward positivism, and Enlightenment narratives of progress, while presenting his view of philosophy’s tasks in an age of crisis. In addition, he discusses structural power, instrumental reason, the objectification of nature and human beings, the reduction of both to mere means, and the colonization of scientific-technological ways of knowing and being—all of which continue to impact our social and political lives together and threaten the very existence of every living being. This speech is essential reading for Gadamer scholars interested in the social, political, and ethical dimensions of his thought and for those interested in bringing Gadamer into conversation with critical theory.
Disparities in the Use of Neoadjuvant Therapy for Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cloyd Jordan M. , Shen Chengli , Santry Heena , Bridges John , Dillhoff Mary , Ejaz Aslam , Pawlik Timothy M. , Tsung Allan
Published: May 2020

Background:Current guidelines support either immediate surgical resection or neoadjuvant therapy (NT) for patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, which patients are selected for NT and whether disparities exist in the use of NT for PDAC are not well understood.Methods:Using the National Cancer Database from 2004 through 2016, the clinical, demographic, socioeconomic, and hospital-related characteristics of patients with stage I/II PDAC who underwent immediate surgery versus NT followed by surgery were compared.Results:Among 58,124 patients who underwent pancreatectomy, 8,124 (14.0%) received NT whereas 50,000 (86.0%) did not. Use of NT increased significantly throughout the study period (from 3.5% in 2004 to 26.4% in 2016). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that travel distance, education level, hospital facility type, clinical T stage, tumor size, and year of diagnosis were associated with increased use of NT, whereas comorbidities, uninsured/Medicaid status, South/West geography, left-sided tumor location, and increasing age were associated with immediate surgery (allP<.001). Based on logistic regression–derived interaction factors, the association between NT use and median income, education level, Midwest location, clinical T stage, and clinical N stage significantly increased over time (allP<.01).Conclusions:In addition to traditional clinicopathologic factors, several demographic, socioeconomic, and hospital-related factors are associated with use of NT for PDAC. Because NT is used increasingly for PDAC, efforts to reduce disparities will be critical in improving outcomes for all patients with pancreatic cancer.
Durable Complete Response With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in Breast Cancer With High Tumor Mutational Burden and APOBEC Signature
Authors: Chumsri Saranya , Sokol Ethan S. , Soyano-Muller Aixa E. , Parrondo Ricardo D. , Reynolds Gina A. , Nassar Aziza , Thompson E. Aubrey
Published: May 2020

Increasing data support the importance of preexisting host immune response and neoantigen burden for determining response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In lung cancer and melanoma, tumor mutational burden (TMB) has emerged as an independent biomarker for ICI response. However, the significance of TMB in breast cancer, particularly in the context of PD-L1 negativity, remains unclear. This report describes a patient with HER2-negative breast cancer with high TMB and an apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) trinucleotide signature; her disease was refractory to multiple lines of treatments but achieved durable complete response using ICIs and capecitabine. Additional analysis of the tumor revealed a low amount of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) and PD-L1 negativity, reflecting a poor preexisting host immune response. In collaboration with Foundation Medicine, comprehensive genomic profiling from 14,867 patients with breast cancer with the FoundationOne test was evaluated. Using the cutoff of ≥10 mutations/megabase (mut/Mb) for high TMB, PD-L1 positivity and TMB-high populations were not significantly overlapping (odds ratio, 1.02;P=.87). Up to 79% of TMB-high tumors with >20 mut/Mb were PD-L1–negative. Our study highlights that despite having low TILs and PD-L1 negativity, some patients may still experience response to ICIs.
Safety at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: How to Keep Our Oncology Patients and Healthcare Workers Safe
Authors: Cinar Pelin , Kubal Timothy , Freifeld Alison , Mishra Asmita , Shulman Lawrence , Bachman James , Fonseca Rafael , Uronis Hope , Klemanski Dori , Slusser Kim , Lunning Matthew , Liu Catherine
Published: May 2020

The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was first detected as a respiratory illness in December 2019 in Wuhan City, China. Since then, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted every aspect of our lives worldwide. In a time when terms such as social distancing and flattening the curve have become a part of our vernacular, it is essential that we understand what measures can be implemented to protect our patients and healthcare workers. Undoubtedly, healthcare providers have had to rapidly alter care delivery models while simultaneously acknowledging the crucial unknowns of how these changes may affect clinical outcomes. This special feature reviews strategies on how to mitigate transmission of COVID-19 in an effort to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with the disease for patients with cancer without infection, for patients with cancer with COVID-19 infection, and for the healthcare workers caring for them, while continuing to provide the best possible cancer care. [Editor’s Note: This article includes the most current information available at time of publication; however, recommendations regarding public safety and practice may change rapidly in this situation. Individuals should get the most up to date information from the CDC website.]
Mobility and diet in Prehistoric Denmark: strontium isotope analysis and incremental stable isotope analysis of human remains from the Limfjord area
Authors: Van der Sluis LG , Daly JS , Frei KM , Reimer PJ
Published: May 2020

The Limfjord in Denmark held a prominent position throughout Prehistory as a natural communication port between east and west. Identifying the presence of non-local individuals might shed light on socio-economic and cultural changes occurring in the Limfjord area. Existing studies attempting to do so using strontium isotope analysis on Danish prehistoric remains focus on certain archaeological time periods and geographic locations, resulting in an uneven distribution of analysed material. This study aimed at filling a gap in the existing literature, both from a geographical as well as a chronological point of view. Additionally, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis on bone and tooth dentine from these individuals was carried out to examine dietary changes between childhood and adulthood. The strontium isotope results revealed four non-local individuals, two from the Neolithic, one from the Early Roman Iron Age and one from the Germanic Iron/Viking Age. We conducted incremental stable isotope analysis of tooth dentine from the four non-local individuals to investigate the palaeodietary information in their dental records at a higher resolution and potentially pinpoint their age at the time of movement. The two Neolithic individuals revealed stable isotope ratios that might be indicative of stress.
Methodological toolset for regulation of development of border areas based on comparative analysis of urban development systems of various zones of Russian borderland
Authors: Ordynskaya Yuliya
Published: May 2020

Research is conducted on the border region, examining existing and forming systems of populated areas of Russia – Kazakhstan and Russia – China. In this case, the category of boundary (as one of the definitions of border) is a core element of transboundariness, while demarcation of the space serves as the main feature of the studied transboundary region (V. A. Kolosov was one of the first to introduce this concept into the Russian academic discourse) [5]. Transboundary region is viewed as a modern form of border cooperation. It is established that development of Russian borderlands (within the zone of research) takes place at different paces, which is associated with distinction by level of intensity by the border cooperation and integration ties. The work outlines vast differences in the level of development of the territory – border space is diverse and requires overcoming the existing disproportions. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the author is first to determine and compare typological groups of the systems of resettlement characteristic to the border zones of Russia – Kazakhstan and Russia – China. The work also explores the specificity of development of these territories, based on which the author determines the methodological toolset for their possible further development. Analysis is conducted on the transboundary interconnections and formation of the systems of resettlement in the border area. The research outlines the meso-regions in the borderlands, defining development of promising settlements – hubs of border cooperation.
Analysis of Cause of Fire and Explosion in Internal Floating Roof Tank: Focusing on Fire and Explosion Accidents at the OO Oil Pipeline Corporation
Authors: Koo Chae-Chil , Choi Jae-Wook
Published: May 2020

This study aims to maintain the safety of an outdoor storage tank through the fundamental case analysis of explosion and fire accidents in the storage tank. We consider an accident caused by the explosion of fire inside the tank, as a result of the gradual spreading of the residual fire generated by wind lamps flying off a workplace in the storage tank yard. To determine the cause of the accident, atmospheric diffusion conditions were derived through CCTV image analysis, and the wind direction was analyzed using computational fluid dynamics. Additionally, the amount of oil vapor inside the tank when the floating roof was at the lowest position, and the behavior of the vapor inside the tank when the floating roof was at the highest position were investigated. If the cause of the explosion in the storage tank is identified and the level of the storage tank is maintained below the internal floating roof, dangerous liquid fills the storage tank, and the vapor in the space may stagnate on the internal floating roof. We intend to improve the operation procedure such that the level of the storage tank is not under the Pontoon support, as well as provide measures to prevent flames from entering the storage tank by installing a flame arrester in the open vent of the tank.