bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cryo-EM structures of RAD51 assembled on nucleosomes containing a DSB site
Authors: Shioi Takuro , Hatazawa Suguru , Oya Eriko , Hosoya Noriko , Kobayashi Wataru , Ogasawara Mitsuo , Kobayashi Takehiko , Takizawa Yoshimasa , Kurumizaka Hitoshi
Published: March 2024

RAD51 is the central eukaryotic recombinase required for meiotic recombination and mitotic repair of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs)1,2. However, the mechanism by which RAD51 functions at DSB sites in chromatin has remained elusive. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of human RAD51–nucleosome complexes, in which RAD51 forms ring and filament conformations. In the ring forms, the N-terminal lobe domains (NLDs) of RAD51 protomers are aligned on the outside of the RAD51 ring, and directly bind to the nucleosomal DNA. The nucleosomal linker DNA that contains the DSB site is recognized by the L1 and L2 loops—active centres that face the central hole of the RAD51 ring. In the filament form, the nucleosomal DNA is peeled by the RAD51 filament extension, and the NLDs of RAD51 protomers proximal to the nucleosome bind to the remaining nucleosomal DNA and histones. Mutations that affect nucleosome-binding residues of the RAD51 NLD decrease nucleosome binding, but barely affect DNA binding in vitro. Consistently, yeast Rad51 mutants with the corresponding mutations are substantially defective in DNA repair in vivo. These results reveal an unexpected function of the RAD51 NLD, and explain the mechanism by which RAD51 associates with nucleosomes, recognizes DSBs and forms the active filament in chromatin.
Co-dependent excitatory and inhibitory plasticity accounts for quick, stable and long-lasting memories in biological networks
Authors: Agnes Everton J. , Vogels Tim P.
Published: March 2024

The brain’s functionality is developed and maintained through synaptic plasticity. As synapses undergo plasticity, they also affect each other. The nature of such ‘co-dependency’ is difficult to disentangle experimentally, because multiple synapses must be monitored simultaneously. To help understand the experimentally observed phenomena, we introduce a framework that formalizes synaptic co-dependency between different connection types. The resulting model explains how inhibition can gate excitatory plasticity while neighboring excitatory–excitatory interactions determine the strength of long-term potentiation. Furthermore, we show how the interplay between excitatory and inhibitory synapses can account for the quick rise and long-term stability of a variety of synaptic weight profiles, such as orientation tuning and dendritic clustering of co-active synapses. In recurrent neuronal networks, co-dependent plasticity produces rich and stable motor cortex-like dynamics with high input sensitivity. Our results suggest an essential role for the neighborly synaptic interaction during learning, connecting micro-level physiology with network-wide phenomena.
Abnormal hemoglobin anti-Lepore Hong Kong compound with β0-thalassemia ameliorate thalassemia severity when co-inherited with α-thalassemia
Authors: Bao Xiuqin , Wang Jicheng , Qin Danqing , Yao Cuize , Liang Jie , Liang Kailing , Du Li
Published: March 2024

Abnormal hemoglobin anti-Lepore Hong Kong is a rare βδ fusion variants resulting from non-homologous crossover during meiosis. Anti-Lepore Hong Kong is known to consistently exhibit significantly increased level of HbA2. In this study, we used multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and single molecular real-time (SMRT) sequencing, as well as Sanger sequencing, to identify variants in five unrelated families with abnormal elevated HbA2 level. All probands in these five families were found to be heterozygous for anti-Lepore Hong Kong. Among them, two families showed co-occurrence of β0-thalassemia and α-thalassemia (–SEA/ or αCSα/). Heterozygotes for anti-Lepore Hong Kong displayed an average HbA2 level of 17.7% and behaved normal. However, when combined with β0-thalassemia and α-thalassemia, the probands exhibited higher HbA2 level (30.2–40.8%) and behaved with β-thalassemia trait. Furthermore, determination of the α/β-mRNA ratio revealed a slight downregulation of β-globin, similar to that of β-thalassemia minor. Our study is the first to identify compound heterozygotes for anti-Lepore Hong Kong, β0-thalassemia and α-thalassemia, provide valuable information for prenatal counseling.
A lower connection to nature is related to lower mental health benefits from nature contact
Authors: Chang Chia-chen , Lin Brenda B. , Feng Xiaoqi , Andersson Erik , Gardner John , Astell-Burt Thomas
Published: March 2024

Increasing evidence demonstrates the psychological benefits of nature contact. However, the evidence is often established at the population level, and the individual differences in the psychological benefits gained from nature are considered negligible variations. In this study, we performed a cross-sectional online survey in Brisbane and Sydney, Australia, from April 15th and May 15th, 2021 around one year after the first covid-19 pandemic lockdowns. The results show that individuals with a stronger connection to nature are linked with a lower level of stress and anxiety with increased frequency in public greenspace visits, while such an association is less clear for individuals with a weaker connection to nature. We also find that, through the answer to an open-ended question, individuals with a lower connection to nature tend to mention nature-related words less as the reason for visiting greenspace. This indicates that a person’s connection to nature is linked with how they interact with nature and thus might determine whether and how much psychological benefit a person gains from experiencing nature.
Momentum informed muon scattering tomography for monitoring spent nuclear fuels in dry storage cask
Authors: Bae JungHyun , Montgomery Rose , Chatzidakis Stylianos
Published: March 2024

Development of an effective monitoring method for spent nuclear fuel (SNF) in a dry storage cask (DSC) is important to meet the increasing demand for dry storage investigations. The DSC investigation should provide information about the quantity of stored SNF, and quality assurance of materials should be possible without opening the cask. However, traditional nondestructive examination (NDE) methods such as x-rays are difficult to deploy for DSC investigation because a typical DSC is intentionally designed to shield against radiation. To address this challenge, cosmic ray muons (CRMs) are used as an alternative NDE radiation probe because they can easily penetrate an entire DSC system; however, a wide application of muons is often hindered due to the naturally low CRM flux (~104 muons/m2/min). This paper introduces a newly proposed imaging algorithm, momentum-informed muon scattering tomography (MMST), and presents how a limitation of the current muon scattering tomography technique has been addressed by measuring muon momentum. To demonstrate its functionality, a commercial DSC with 24 pressurized light water reactor fuel assemblies (FAs) and the MMST system were designed in GEANT4. Three noticeable improvements were observed for MMST system as a DSC investigation tool: (1) a signal stabilization, (2) an enhanced capability to differentiate various materials, and (3) statistically increased precision to identify and locate missing FAs. The results show that MMST improves the investigation accuracy from 79 to 98% when one FA is missing and 51% to 88% when one-half FA is missing. The advancement of the NDE technique using CRM for DSC verification is expected to resolve long-standing problems in increasing demand for DSC inspections and nuclear security.
Geospatial methodology for determining the regional prevalence of hospital-reported childhood intussusception in patients from India
Authors: Dixit Shikha , Das Manoja Kumar , Ramadugu Durga Chitra , Arora Narendra Kumar ,   The INCLEN Intussusception Surveillance Network Study Group, Ray Arindam , Wakhlu Ashish , Vyas Bhadresh R. , Bhat Javeed Iqbal , Goswami Jayanta K. , Mathai John , Kameswari K. , Bharadia Lalit , Sankhe Lalit , Ajaya Kumar M. K. , Mohan Neelam , Jena Pradeep K. , Sarangi Rachita , Shad Rashmi , Debbarma Sanjib K. , Shyamala J. , Ratan Simmi K. , Sarkar Suman , Kumar Vijayendra , Dubey Anand P. , Gupta Atul , Tripathy Bikasha Bihary , Sam Cenita J. , Mufti Gowhar Nazir , Trivedi Harsh , Shad Jimmy , Lahiri Kaushik , Luthra Meera , Padmalatha P. , Kumar Rakesh , Sarkar Ruchirendu , Kumar A. Santosh , Sahoo Subrat Kumar , Ghosh Sunil K. , Mane Sushant , Charoo Bashir Ahmad , Prasad G. Rajendra , Kumar S. Harish , Jothilakshmi K. , Sarkar Nihar Ranjan , Arunachalam Pavai , Mohapatra Satya S. G. , Garge Saurabh
Published: March 2024

Both developed and developing countries carry a large burden of pediatric intussusception. Sentinel site surveillance-based studies have highlighted the difference in the regional incidence of intussusception. The objectives of this manuscript were to geospatially map the locations of hospital-confirmed childhood intussusception cases reported from sentinel hospitals, identify clustering and dispersion, and reveal the potential causes of the underlying pattern. Geospatial analysis revealed positive clustering patterns, i.e., a Moran’s I of 0.071 at a statistically significant (p value < 0.0010) Z score of 16.14 for the intussusception cases across India (cases mapped n = 2221), with 14 hotspots in two states (Kerala = 6 and Tamil Nadu = 8) at the 95% CI. Granular analysis indicated that 67% of the reported cases resided < 50 km from the sentinel hospitals, and the average travel distance to the sentinel hospital from the patient residence was calculated as 47 km (CI 95% min 1 km–max 378 km). Easy access and facility referral preferences were identified as the main causes of the existing clustering pattern of the disease. We recommend designing community-based surveillance studies to improve the understanding of the prevalence and regional epidemiological burden of the disease.
The contribution of vitamin D insufficiency to the onset of steatotic liver disease among individuals with metabolic dysfunction
Authors: Lee Su-bin , Jin Mi Hyeon , Yoon Jeong-Hyun
Published: March 2024

The interplay between fatty liver disease (FLD) and metabolic dysfunction has given rise to the concept of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). With vitamin D insufficiency frequently co-occurring with FLD and linked to metabolic abnormalities, this study investigates the potential role of vitamin D in the development of MAFLD. In this cross-sectional analysis, 22,476 participants with baseline metabolic dysfunction and known serum 25-OH-vitamin D3 levels were examined. The fatty liver index (FLI) was utilized to predict FLD, dividing subjects into MAFLD and non-MAFLD groups. Further stratification by vitamin D levels (sufficient vs. insufficient) and gender provided a detailed assessment through binary logistic regression to determine the association of vitamin D status with MAFLD incidence. Vitamin D insufficiency correlated with a higher MAFLD incidence in metabolically impaired individuals. Post-adjustment, the correlation was stronger (men: aOR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.22–1.43, P < 0.001; women: aOR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.18–1.98, P = 0.001). Lower serum 25-OH-vitamin D3 levels were found in MAFLD patients across genders (men: P = 0.003; women: P = 0.014), with a higher prevalence of insufficiency in MAFLD cases (men: P = 0.007; women: P = 0.003). The vitamin D-MAFLD link was stable across subgroups and using varying FLI criteria. Our findings indicate a clear association between vitamin D insufficiency and increased MAFLD incidence, underscoring the potential of vitamin D as an anti-lipogenic and anti-fibrotic agent.
The influence of cultivation conditions on the formation of psychoactive salvinorin A, salvinorin B, rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid in Coleus scutellarioides
Authors: Jakobina Maciej , Łyczko Jacek , Szumny Antoni , Galek Renata
Published: March 2024

Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. is a popular species in the world, known for its characteristic magnificent colourful leaves. The study has revealed that the contents of rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid are significantly higher in the plant tissues cultivated in vivo than when under in vitro conditions. The performed qualitative and quantitative analyses confirmed the presence (whose averaged content) of salvinorin A (6.65 µg/1 g of fresh plant) and salvinorin B (50.46 µg/1 g of fresh plant) in tissues of Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. of ‘Electric lime’ variety. The greatest quantities of these compounds were recorded for plants cultivated in vitro on the MS medium enriched with NAA (naphthyl-1-acetic acid) at a concentration of 0.5 mg∙ dm–3. The research detected differences in the amounts of compounds between plants grown in vivo and those cultivated in vitro. Addition of plant growth regulators into the breeding medium under in vitro conditions was found affecting the amounts of compounds in plant tissues.
Satellite License Plate: passive and compact optical spectrally-based identification method for satellites
Authors: Bakker David L. , Castro do Amaral Gustavo , Di Iorio Eugenio , Feenstra Linda W. , Ferrario Ivan , Perlingeiro Breno , Silvestri Fabrizio
Published: March 2024

Satellite identification and tracking is fundamental for decision making in space traffic management. Cooperative optical identification methods enlarge the toolbox of identification techniques which currently count on radar and passive optical observations. Here we present a cooperative method to identify satellites from the ground by means of laser techniques: the Satellite License Plate (SLP). SLP employs unique spectrally-encoded retroreflecting tags mounted on the satellite. The interrogation of the tags could be performed with laser enabled optical ground stations. The benefit of the concept is that the tag concept is fully passive, minimally invasive, and scalable from tens to hundreds of unique combinations, allowing to map a large number of satellites on a single orbit. The SLP method is here described by means of end-to-end theoretical analyses on the final performance of identification and experimental results gathered during km-range ground-to-ground free space tests.
A population genomics analysis of the Aotearoa New Zealand endemic rewarewa tree (Knightia excelsa)
Authors: McCartney Ann M. , Koot Emily , Prebble Jessica M. , Jibran Rubina , Mitchell Caroline , Podolyan Ana , Fergus Alexander J. , Arnst Elise , Herron Katie E. , Houliston Gary , Buckley Thomas R. , Chagné David
Published: March 2024

Rewarewa (Knightia excelsa, Proteaceae) is a tree species endemic to Aotearoa New Zealand, with a natural distribution spanning Te Ika-a-Māui (North Island) and the top of Te Waipounamu (South Island). We used the pseudo-chromosome genome assembly of rewarewa as a reference and whole genome pooled sequencing from 35 populations sampled across Aotearoa New Zealand, including trees growing on Māori-owned land, to identify 1,443,255 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Four genetic clusters located in the northern North Island (NNI), eastern North Island (NIE), western and southern North Island (NIWS), and the South Island (SI) were identified. Gene flow was revealed between the SI and NIE genetic clusters, plus bottleneck and contraction events within the genetic clusters since the mid-late Pleistocene, with divergence between North and South Island clusters estimated to have occurred ~115,000–230,000 years ago. Genotype environment analysis (GEA) was used to identify loci and genes linked with altitude, soil pH, soil carbon, slope, soil size, annual mean temperature, mean diurnal range, isothermality, annual precipitation, and precipitation seasonality. The location of the SNPs associated with these environmental variables was compared with the position of 52,192 gene-coding sequences that were predicted in the rewarewa genome using RNA sequencing. This new understanding of the genetic variation present in rewarewa and insights into the genetic control of adaptive traits will inform efforts to incorporate the species in restoration plantings and for marketing rewarewa honey based on provenance.
The mechanism of fluidity improvement of cement slurry by graphene oxide: a study on nanofriction
Authors: Ji Xiang , Hou Dongshuai , Wang Muhan , Qing Liu , Hong Fen , Wang Yanshuai , Fang Guohao , Hong Shuxian , Li Mengmeng
Published: March 2024

This study examines the impact of two-sided and one-sided functional group changes of GO on the interface of CSH. It thoroughly investigates the friction dynamics of the CSH–GO interface and how it improves the fluidity of cement paste.
Oxygen tracer diffusion in amorphous hafnia films for resistive memory
Authors: Shin Dongjae , Ievlev Anton V. , Beckmann Karsten , Li Jingxian , Ren Pengyu , Cady Nathaniel , Li Yiyang
Published: March 2024

We quantified the oxygen tracer diffusion in amorphous hafnium oxide thin films. These tracer diffusion values are consistent with the experimentally measured retention times of hafnium oxide resistive memory devices.
Thermodynamic and spectroscopic evaluation of the eutectic mixture of myristic acid and the local anaesthetics, bupivacaine and ropivacaine
Authors: Agarwal Priyanka , Svirskis Darren , Nieuwoudt Michél K.
Published: March 2024

Eutectic formation between bupivacaine and myristic acid is denoted by significant differences in calculated spectral addition of individual components and spectrum of the binary mixture.
A sustainable aviation fuel pathway from biomass: life cycle environmental and cost evaluation for dimethylcyclooctane jet fuel
Authors: Batten Rahamim , Karanjikar Mukund , Spatari Sabrina
Published: March 2024

Biomass is a promising renewable feedstock for conversion to high performance sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in air travel.
Multiple ion isolation and accumulation events for selective chemical noise reduction and dynamic range enhancement in MALDI imaging mass spectrometry
Authors: Scoggins Troy R. , Specker Jonathan T. , Prentice Boone M.
Published: March 2024

Multiple ion isolation and accumulation events reduce abundant chemical noise in MALDI imaging mass spectrometry experiments leading to improvement in dynamic range and limit of detection.
Correction: Diamond nanowires modified with poly[3-(pyrrolyl)carboxylic acid] for the immobilization of histidine-tagged peptides
Authors: Subramanian Palaniappan , Mazurenko Ievgen , Zaitsev Vladimir , Coffinier Yannick , Boukherroub Rabah , Szunerits Sabine
Published: March 2024

Correction for ‘Diamond nanowires modified with poly[3-(pyrrolyl)carboxylic acid] for the immobilization of histidine-tagged peptides’ by Palaniappan Subramanian et al., Analyst, 2014, 139, 4343–4349, https://doi.org/10.1039/C4AN00146J.
Catalytic dehydrogenative coupling and reversal of methanol–amines: advances and prospects
Authors: Zhang Yujing , Yang Xiaomei , Liu Shimin , Liu Jiacheng , Pang Shaofeng
Published: March 2024

The catalytic dehydrogenative coupling of methanol and amines (DCMA) and its reverse may provide environmentally friendly hydrogen solutions for mobile energy storage systems (MESS).
Going for gold – the chemistry of structurally authenticated gold(i)–ethylene complexes
Authors: Watson Brandon T. , Dias H. V. Rasika
Published: March 2024

Gold chemistry through the lens of isolable and structurally authenticated gold–ethylene complexes supported by various ligands is highlighted.
Modeling of the synergistic anti-reflection effect in gradient refractive index films integrated with subwavelength structures for photothermal conversion
Authors: Wang Yixuan , Shi Jingxu , Liu Xiangjun , Chen Bing , Wang Xiangfu
Published: March 2024

We propose a synergistic anti-reflection system that integrates gradient refractive index films with subwavelength structures, which greatly improves the performance of photothermal materials.
Challenges with relativistic GW calculations in solids and molecules
Authors: Harsha Gaurav , Abraham Vibin , Zgid Dominika
Published: March 2024

Accurate electronic-structure calculations for molecules and solids with heavy elements require an interplay of electronic correlations and relativistic effects. However, this tedious task poses problems for the existing quantum chemistry machinery.
Identification of fragments targeting SMYD3 using highly sensitive kinetic and multiplexed biosensor-based screening
Authors: FitzGerald Edward A. , Cederfelt Daniela , Lund Bjarte Aarmo , Myers Nadine E. M. , Zhang He , Dobritzsch Doreen , Danielson U. Helena
Published: March 2024

A 1056-membered fragment library has been screened against SMYD3 using a novel multiplexed experimental design implemented in a grating coupled interferometry (GCI)-based biosensor.
Ionometallurgy: an academic exercise or promising approach?
Authors: Richter Janine , Ruck Michael
Published: March 2024

Ionometallurgy can contribute to a sustainable production of metals and their compounds. In this context, chemical aspects, availability, environmental impact, and reusability of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents are critically discussed.
An Expository Examination of Temporally Evolving Graph‐Based Approaches for the Visual Investigation of Autonomous Driving
Authors: Wan Li , Cheng Wenzhi
Published: March 2024

With the continuous advancement of autonomous driving technology, visual analysis techniques have emerged as a prominent research topic. The data generated by autonomous driving is large‐scale and time‐varying, yet more than existing visual analytics methods are required to deal with such complex data effectively. Time‐varying diagrams can be used to model and visualize the dynamic relationships in various complex systems and can visually describe the data trends in autonomous driving systems. To this end, this paper introduces a time‐varying graph‐based method for visual analysis in autonomous driving. The proposed method employs a graph structure to represent the relative positional relationships between the target and obstacle interferences. By incorporating the time dimension, a time‐varying graph model is constructed. The method explores the characteristic changes of nodes in the graph at different time instances, establishing feature expressions that differentiate target and obstacle motion patterns. The analysis demonstrates that the feature vector centrality in the time‐varying graph effectively captures the distinctions in motion patterns between targets and obstacles. These features can be utilized for accurate target and obstacle recognition, achieving high recognition accuracy. To evaluate the proposed time‐varying graph‐based visual analytic autopilot method, a comparative study is conducted against traditional visual analytic methods such as the frame differencing method and advanced visual analytic methods like visual lidar odometry and mapping. Robustness, accuracy, and resource consumption experiments are performed using the publicly available KITTI dataset to analyze and compare the three methods. The experimental results show that the proposed time‐varying graph‐based method exhibits superior accuracy and robustness. This study offers valuable insights and solution ideas for developing deep integration between intelligent networked vehicles and intelligent transportation. It provides a reference for advancing intelligent transportation systems and their integration with autonomous driving technologies.
GP‐FMLNet: A feature matrix learning network enhanced by glyph and phonetic information for Chinese sentiment analysis
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Dezheng , Xie Yonghong , Wulamu Aziguli , Zhang Yao
Published: March 2024

Sentiment analysis is a fine‐grained analysis task that aims to identify the sentiment polarity of a specified sentence. Existing methods in Chinese sentiment analysis tasks only consider sentiment features from a single pole and scale and thus cannot fully exploit and utilise sentiment feature information, making their performance less than ideal. To resolve the problem, the authors propose a new method, GP‐FMLNet, that integrates both glyph and phonetic information and design a novel feature matrix learning process for phonetic features with which to model words that have the same pinyin information but different glyph information. Our method solves the problem of misspelling words influencing sentiment polarity prediction results. Specifically, the authors iteratively mine character, glyph, and pinyin features from the input comments sentences. Then, the authors use soft attention and matrix compound modules to model the phonetic features, which empowers their model to keep on zeroing in on the dynamic‐setting words in various positions and to dispense with the impacts of the deceptive‐setting ones. Experiments on six public datasets prove that the proposed model fully utilises the glyph and phonetic information and improves on the performance of existing Chinese sentiment analysis algorithms.
Analysing responsible innovation along a value chain—A single‐cell protein case study
Authors: Flight Monica Hoyos , Tait Joyce , Chronopoulos Theo , Betancor Monica , Wischhusen Pauline , Burton Emily , O'Neill Helen Masey , van der Heul Kim , Hays John , Rowe Peter
Published: March 2024

The British Standards Institution's Publicly Available Specification 440 (PAS 440) provides a Responsible Innovation Framework (RIF) that companies can use to continuously monitor the societal, environmental and health benefits and risks of their innovations, as well as relevant changes to the supply chain and regulations. PAS 440 is intended to help companies achieve the benefits of innovation in a timely manner and avoid any potential harm or unintended misuse of a new product, process or service. Here, the authors have applied the PAS 440 RIF to a novel single‐cell protein (SCP) animal feed ingredient taking into consideration the perspectives of the value chain partners (VCPs), companies and laboratories involved in an Innovate UK research project. The authors’ findings show how VCPs can use PAS440 to demonstrate that they are innovating responsibly. Using this approach to responsible innovation along the value chain—from manufacturing scale‐up, through regulatory approval, to incorporation in animal feed and from there to food on supermarket shelves—can support the development of innovations that contribute to the economic and environmental sustainability of the animal feed sector. The authors conclude that the PAS 440 Guide can facilitate the progress of a new product throughout a value chain and contribute to coordinating responsible behaviour among companies involved in the value chain.
Parallel multi‐rate simulation scheme for modular multilevel converter‐based high‐voltage direct current with accurate simulation of high‐frequency characteristics and field programmable gate array‐based implementation
Authors: Liu Chongru , Hou Yanqi , Dong Haoyun , Lv Yipeng , Wang Xinyan , Su Chenbo
Published: March 2024

The real‐time simulation of the modular multilevel converter‐based high‐voltage direct current (MMC‐HVDC) transmission system has become a popular research topic. However, in order to meet the real‐time performance, the real‐time simulation technology will cause additional simulation errors for MMC‐HVDC, especially on its frequency characteristics. Therefore, a parallel multi‐rate simulation scheme for MMC‐HVDC is developed in this work to ensure accurate simulation of high‐frequency characteristics. Firstly, a non‐error method based on converter transformer decoupling is proposed to decouple the converter and alternating current system; direct current transmission line decoupling and arm decoupling methods are used to achieve decoupling among and within converters. A multi‐rate data synchronous mechanism is established by considering the differences among high‐frequency characteristics caused by delayed data interaction. Secondly, the computing architectures of the primary system solver and modular multilevel converter controller are designed based on a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The real‐time simulation platform for a four‐terminal true bipolar MMC‐HVDC is constructed based on the FPGA array. Thirdly, the factors in multi‐rate simulation affecting the simulation accuracy of high‐frequency characteristics are analysed. The simulator is shown to be accurate in steady and dynamic states. The authors also verify its applicability for further research on high‐frequency resonance based on control experiments.
The environment around young eruptive stars
Authors: Zurlo A. , Weber P. , Pérez S. , Cieza L. , Ginski C. , van Holstein R. G. , Principe D. , Garufi A. , Hales A. , Kastner J. , Rigliaco E. , Ruane G. , Benisty M. , Manara C.
Published: March 2024

Aims. Eruptive stars are a class of young stellar objects that show an abrupt increase in luminosity. These burst-like episodes are thought to dominate the stellar accretion process during the Class 0 to Class I stage. We present an overview of a survey of seven episodically accreting protostars carried out to study their potentially complex circumstellar surroundings.

Methods. The observations were performed with the instrument SPHERE, mounted at the Very Large Telescope. SPHERE is equipped with an extreme adaptive optics system that allows high-contrast imaging. We observed the eruptive stars in the H band with the near-infrared imager IRDIS and used the polarimeter to extract the polarized light scattered from the stars’ surroundings.

Results. We produced polarized light images for three FUor objects, Z CMa, V960 Mon, and FU Ori, and four EXor objects, XZ Tau, UZ Tau, NY Ori, and EX Lup. We calculated the intrinsic polarization fraction for all the observed stars. In all systems we registered scattered light from around the primary star. FU Ori and V960 Mon are surrounded by complex structures, including spiral-like features. In Z CMa, we detected a point source 0″​​.7 to the northeast of the primary. Based on the astrometric measurements from archival Keck/NIRC2 data, we find this source to be a third member of the system. Furthermore, Z CMa displays an outflow that extends for thousands of au. Unlike the other EXor objects in our sample, XZ Tau shows bright, extended scattered light structures that are also associated with an outflow on a scale of hundreds of au. The other EXors show relatively faint disk-like structures in the immediate vicinity of the coronagraph.

Conclusions. Each object shows a unique environment, but we classified the seven objects into three categories: systems with illuminated outflows, asymmetric arms, and faint disks. Asymmetric arms were only found around FUor objects, while faint disks seem to predominantly occur around EXors. Importantly, for Z CMa the detection of the faint extended structure calls into question previous interpretations of the system’s dynamic state. The streamer that was associated with a fly-by object turned out to be part of a huge outflow extending 6000 au.
Growth and productivity of red oak (Q.Rubra L.) forest cultures in the North-West Caucasus
Authors: Kulakova Ekaterina , Kartashova Nelli
Published: March 2024

The paper presents the results of the study of red oak (Q. rubra L.) cultures located on the territory of «Kurjip district forestry» of the Republic of Adygea (western part of the North Caucasus). The characteristic of red oak is given as a tree species, less demanding to soil conditions in comparison with other forest-forming species and possessing high decorative properties, due to which it is used for solitary plantings, as hedges along highways, arrays in parks, squares and other objects of landscape architecture. It combines well both in pure plantings and in combination with petiole oak, hornbeam and aspen. Red oak can grow on sandy loam and loamy podzolic soils without stagnant moisture, mainly on the banks of rivers, it grows worse on calcareous soil. The tree species due to well-developed root system is resistant to wind, also characterized by good resistance to damage by entomo- and phyto-pests. The growth and productivity of red oak and related species were analyzed in the work, and the graphs of growth progress by height and diameter of crops were plotted. It was found that in more favorable growing conditions red oak is not inferior to petiole oak in growth and productivity. Keywords: North-West Caucasus, Forest Cultures, Red Oak, Common Oak, Non-Native Species, Growth, Productivity.
Ecological role of introduced species and autochthon plants in protective tree belts of South Siberia
Authors: Vais A.A. , Varaksin G.S. , Kozlov N.V. , Repyakh K.K. , Ponomarev D.D. , Podluzhnaya A.S.
Published: March 2024

Assessment of the condition and morphological structure of tree species that constitute protective forest belts in southern Siberia has shown that plants perform ecological and economic functions under the most extreme conditions. The regions of Southern Siberia are characterized by a complex of negative environmental factors that have an adverse effect on the condition and growth of tree species of protective forest belts (soil conditions, lack of moisture, strong wind, salinization and deflation processes). Poplar and elm are used as introduced species in protective forest belts in South Siberia. Plants are characterized by intensive growth and average salt tolerance. Protective forest belts of autochthonous plant species (birch, pine, larch) have a more satisfactory condition compared to introduced species. However, poplar and elm grow in more difficult conditions (steppe areas of Khakassia), which determines their condition. In terms of growth intensity, as well as horizontal protection, introduced species largely exceed autochthonous plant species. Key words: protective forest belt, species, autochthonous plants, condition, morphological characterization
Factor proportions in ensuring the economic resilience of the Egyptian sugar industry
Authors: Chernova Olga , Mitrofanova Inna , Kleytman Elena , Urusova Augustina , Trilitskaya Oksana
Published: March 2024

The sugar industry plays an important role in ensuring the economic and food security of Egypt. However, when elaborating plans for its development, it is not taken into account that the decisions made may affect the factor proportions that link the resource potential and production capabilities of the system, and lead to a violation of resilience. As part of our study, we consider the issues of providing resilience to the sugar industry, which enables us to focus on its ability to ensure the continuity of reproduction processes on a constant or increasing scale in the face of changing environmental factors. This article aims at presenting a toolkit for measuring how a change in factorial proportions in the sugar industry will affect the level of its economic resilience. The study proposes the use of a parametric relative break-even model to calculate break-even production conditions. In this paper, we considered factorial proportions between the three main parameters (price, cost, sales volume) that determine the relative break-even of production. We identified factors, which carry both risks and opportunities for the Resilience of the Egyptian sugar industry: changing world demand for sugar; world sugar prices adjustments; etc. The results show that the put-forward model enables to anticipate the after-effect of managerial decisions at the stage of elaborating plans for the development of the sugar producing industry in terms of their impact on resilience in altering market conjuncture.
The crop yield of spring wheat under conditions of the Aridized climate
Authors: Ilyin Y.M. , Baldanov N.D. , Darzhaev V.H. , Kyrkunova G.F. , Khamnaeva G.G.
Published: March 2024

Due to the global warming, massive aridization is observed in the Transbaikal territory, including Buryatia, as a result, agriculture is forced to function under conditions of a strict limit of atmospheric and soil moisture. In spring and early summer, the potential evaporation here is 3-5 times higher than the amount of rainfalls, which leads to crop shortages and to a harvest failure. Thus, it is necessary to use irrigation reclamation for the effective management of agricultural production in this territory. This work researches the manifestation of soil drought in alluvial meadow soil. The study of the effect of various doses of mineral fertilizers and maintenance of soil moisture at the lowest moisture level at 70% LMC and 80% LMC showed that maximum yield and minimum water consumption coefficient are provided by maintaining soil moisture above 80% LMC and fertilization with a doubled dose of nitrogen.
History of greening and beautification of roads in the Bukhara region in the 50s-80s of the 20th century
Authors: Majidov Jo’rabek
Published: March 2024

In this article analyzes the issue of greening around the roads in the 1950s-80s of the 20th century in the Bukhara region, which is considered to be the driest and waterless region of Uzbekistan, close to desert climate, along with the planting of various plants in order to prevent the erosion of sand, landslides, dug ditches and canals. Also, in the article, issues related to the care of these seedlings are comparatively studied and analyzed based on periodical press and archival materials.
Medicinal properties of “Péganum hármala" plant
Authors: Akramova Gulbahor
Published: March 2024

In the article, a thousand еars ago, the legendary scientist and physician Abu Ali ibn Sina (known as Avicenna in Europe) mentioned the beneficial aspects of harmala plant for human health in his "Canon of Medical Sciences". This plant is widely used in folk medicine. Frankincense, known as kharmal in Arabs, garmala or adraspan in Russians, was one of the important elements in many medicinal elixirs of medieval healers. Isiriq grows as a weed in sandy, stony and sandy areas in the desert regions of Bukhara region. It grows a lot around old fences and farms located in the desert and hilly regions of Uzbekistan. Frankincense is a medicinally useful plant. From the point of view of animal husbandry (in some regions it occupies large areas) it is a weed. Peganum harmala is a perennial plant, 40-70 cm tall and 1 meter in diameter. The leaf is simple, divided into 4-5 pieces, and has a gray-green color. The flowers are white and are located singly on the branches. The fruit is spherical and three-lobed. It blooms in May-June and ripens in autumn.
Assessment of the biodegradability of feather raw material as a food substrate for ceratophagous insects
Authors: Zemtsova L.K. , Esepenok K.V. , Novikov M.V.
Published: March 2024

The article presents the results of a study to determine the degree of biodegradability of feather raw material as a food substrate for clothing moth caterpillars and brown carpet beetle larvae and shows that this indicator depends on the stage of development of ceratophagous insects. The paper aims to assess the degree of biodegradation of feather raw material as a food substrate for the caterpillars of clothing moths, Tineola bisselliella (Humm.), and the larvae of brown carpet beetles, Attagenus smirnovi Zhant. Once we used organoleptic examination to assess nutritional suitability of feather raw material for ceratophagous insects and analyzed its physical and chemical properties, we found that feather raw material is a favorable breeding ground for ceratophagous insects, as evidenced by its characteristics. As we compared the biodeterioration effect of clothing moth caterpillars and brown carpet beetles on untreated feather raw material, we found that samples affected by clothing moth caterpillars bore the most damage 28 days after the experiment began, i.e., 9.64%, while brown carpet beetle larvae affected 2.13% of the sample over that period, a direct consequence of the brown carpet beetle larvae development cycle.
Professional well-being of university’s scientific and pedagogical staff
Authors: Lisova Olga , Isaenko Alexander , Parsieva Larisa , Ponomarenko Marina , Ivashova Valentina
Published: March 2024

The article presents the results of a survey of the Agrarian University’s scientific and pedagogical staff, which characterize the level of their professional well-being. The theoretical model of professional well-being is developed on the basis of the methodology for assessing professional well-being and updated taking into account modern transformations in the professional activities of scientific and pedagogical staff of agricultural education. Factor analysis of the survey results of 287 scientific and pedagogical workers of the Agrarian University allowed us to empirically present a structural model of professional well-being and justify targeted support programs for employees. In the practice of improving professional well-being, the support of the university administration on the ideological backbone of the team is relevant; the use of psychological support tools for scientific and pedagogical staff, association in working with opinion leaders to increase confidence in the possibilities of professional development; bringing people together in creative innovative projects to increase the level of professional self-realization; developing team building programs taking into account the representation of different generations of scientific and pedagogical staff, supporting mentoring within the framework of departments and scientific schools. The empirical part of the study does not contradict the conclusions of the theoretical analysis of the publications of the science-intensive Scopus database and confirms the relevance of the study.
Technical support system for energy-installed agricultural equipment in the agricultural industry
Authors: Kataev Yuri , Chepurina Ekaterina , Kushnareva Daria , Mordasova Margarita , Gradov Evgeniy
Published: March 2024

Agricultural production in Russia solves the most important national problems - food security and import substitution. The conducted research substantiates the need to improve the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex through the introduction of modern innovative technologies. The article outlines the basic principles and technical means that determine the system of maintenance and repair of machines in the agro-industrial complex, as well as the mechanism of relations between manufacturers and consumers of technical means. Current issues of individual subsystems of the repair and maintenance base in the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex and the main groups of repair and maintenance impacts on domestic agricultural machinery were considered, and a relationship was established for foreign-made machines with all elements of maintenance, repair, modernization and disposal. Information is presented on depreciation rates and recommended distributions of the volume of repair and maintenance work by facility.
The cost management of civil and agro-industrial construction project in the scope of information model
Authors: Mishlanova Marina
Published: March 2024

The necessary conditions for the existence of an effective cost management system of investment and construction projects are established in the article. Stated aim of the study is to develop methodological provisions of the cost engineering using information modeling technologies. The methodological blocks for parameterization, goal-setting and algorithmization of the information model of an investment and construction project are developed by the author. A list of aggregative cost parameters and an aggregative cost function of an investment and construction project, which is based on aggregative cost parameters, are presented. The processes of budgeting, control and managerial decision-making were considered by the author as functional blocks. The tasks of project budgeting in the scope of an information model, the comprehensive budget model of an investment and construction project and its system parameterization are presented in the article. The main provisions of project cost control and a list of basic cost indicators for control purposes are considered. The requirements of information modeling compatibility with the current subject activity and other software are determined. The author has developed the main provisions of project change management in the scope of information model and recommendations for rational making management decision. An algorithm for a decision-making regarding the realization of an investment and construction project is presented. The prospects of adaptive management of investment and construction projects particularly cost is determined and the vector model of the project behavior under the management action is developed. The main customer requirements to the information model of the investment and construction project are presented. The advantages of using the 5D model in the cost management system for the implementation of an investment and construction project are revealed.
Heat pump technology for utilizing the heat of secondary energy resources in the catalytic method of obtaining biodiesel
Authors: Chetverikova Irina , Shevtsov Аlexander , Serdyukova Natalya
Published: March 2024

Heat pump technology for utilisation of heat of secondary energy resources in catalytic method of production of biodiesel fuel is implemented. Algorithm for control of technological parameters at all stages of production of biodiesel fuel is proposed and analysis of parameters of its quality is performed. Heat pump system is represented in the form of two recirculation circuits of low-potential and high-potential heat carriers, preparation of which was carried out in stages of low and high pressure of heat pump. Exergetic analysis was performed, functional dependencies of exergy flows coming out of the considered types of process equipment were obtained. The obtained hybesel fuel complied with the requirements of GOST 23513-79. The proposed heat pump technology reduced specific energy consumption by 13-14%; improve environmental safety at all stages of the process; maximum reduction of spent heat carriers emission into the ambient atmosphere.
Synoptic variability of energy parameters in an ice-covered lake at the end of winter
Authors: Novikova Iuliia , Zdorovennova Galina
Published: March 2024

Synoptic variability of the energy parameters in an ice-covered lake was studied during the period of spring radiatively-driven convection. Measurements of water temperature (a chain with 14 temperature sensors TR-1060 RBR), solar radiation fluxes (two star-shaped pyranometer Theodor Friderich & Co, Germany for recording the incident and reflected radiation and one pyranometer M80 for recording radiation penetrating the ice) in an ice-covered small boreal lake carried out from 28 March to 6 April 2020. During the measurement period, there was a sharp change in the weather - first there were five sunny days, then heavy snow fell for two days, the next three days there was partly cloudy weather, and on the last day of measurements there was sunny weather. The flux of under-ice radiation reacted sensitively to snowfall and decreased from 100 W/m2 (day maximum) to 5-10 W/m2 after snowfall. This flux increased to 50-60 W/m2 as the snow melted. Changes in background potential energy (BPE), and buoyancy flux were calculated using TR-chain and pyranometer M80 data. A well-pronounced increase in BPE and buoyancy flux against the sunny weather and a sharp slowdown in the growth of these parameters after snowfall were revealed.