bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health system barriers to the implementation of the national action plan to combat antimicrobial resistance in Vietnam: a scoping review
Authors: Pham Giang N. , Dang Tho T. H. , Nguyen Thu-Anh , Zawahir Shukry , Le Hien T. T. , Negin Joel , Schneider Carmen Huckel , Fox Greg J.
Published: January 2024

Background

Vietnam is among 11 countries in the Western Pacific region that has developed a National Action Plan for Antimicrobial Resistance (NAPCA).

Methods

This scoping review characterises health system barriers to the implementation of the Vietnam NAPCA, with reference to the WHO Health Systems Framework.

Results

Over 7 years, between 2013 and 2020, the Ministry of Health (MOH) of Vietnam has been implementing activities to achieve the six NAPCA objectives. They include revision of regulations needed for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) prevention programs; formation and operation of national management bodies; improvement of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in hospitals; maintenance of surveillance systems for AMR; provision of trainings on AMR and antibiotics use to doctors and pharmacists; and organization of nation-wide educational campaigns. Limited cooperation between MOH management bodies, shortages of human resource at all health system levels, a low degree of agreement between national and hospital guidelines on antibiotic use, low capability in the domestic supply of standardised drugs, and unequal training opportunities for lower-level health professionals present ongoing challenges. Actions suggested for the next period of the NAPCA include a final review of what has been achieved by the plan so far and evaluating the effectiveness of the different components of the plan. Different options on how to improve coordination across sectors in the development of a new NAPCA should be put forward.

Conclusions

The 6-year implementation of the Vietnam NAPCA has yielded valuable lessons for AMS in Vietnam, guiding the development of future national plans, with a central focus on scaling up AMS in hospitals and promoting community AMS programs to combat AMR.
Exploring the inner hygro-mechanical behaviour of historical panel paintings: a novel approach using digital twins
Authors: Lorenzo Riparbelli , Paola Mazzanti , Thomas Helfer , Chiara Manfriani , Luca Uzielli , Ciro Castelli , Andrea Santacesaria , Luciano Ricciardi , Sandra Rossi , Joseph Gril , Marco Fioravanti
Published: January 2024

Wooden Panel Paintings (WPPs) stand as invaluable cultural artefacts from the past. These works present an intriguing challenge in understanding their complex mechanical behaviour and ensuring their long-term preservation. The present study assumes as founding paradigm the unicity of each WPP, in terms of its material composition, historical background, physical dimensions, and the specific environmental conditions it has been subjected to over time, and their complex behaviour, which requires the knowledge of both mechanical and materials specificity. These characteristics need to be considered, and studied in-depth for each individual WPP, particularly if the aim is to develop a comprehensive understanding of its individual mechanical behaviour. The study provides new computational models calibrated to reproduce the physical and mechanical behaviour of artworks and acting as their 'digital twins'. The models developed contribute significantly to the understanding of the mechanics of these artworks, including the impact of environmental thermo-hygrometric fluctuations and the role of structural elements such as crossbeams. The results, corroborated by experimental analyses, indicate that environmental variations, both short and long term, exert specific and quantifiable effects on the WPPs, and that the presence of crossbeams significantly influences the distribution of stresses within the panel, particularly affecting the pictorial layers that are often the most susceptible to damage. In this context the generated digital twins serve as an invaluable tool, offering the potential to simulate various risk scenarios or to evaluate the effectiveness of engineered conservation interventions on the WPPs.
Engagement of vulnerable communities in HIV prevention research in India: a qualitative investigation
Authors: Chakrapani Venkatesan , Loganathan Vijayalakshmi , Saha Paromita , Bose Devi Leena , Khan Nabeela , Aurora Tiara , Narayan Jyoti , Mukherjee Joyeeta , Hadi Saif ul , Dewan Chitrangna
Published: January 2024

Background

Meaningful community engagement (CE) in HIV prevention research is crucial for successful and ethically robust study implementation. We conducted a qualitative study to understand the current CE practices in HIV prevention research and to identify expressed and implicit reasons behind translational gaps highlighted by communities and researchers.

Methods

For this exploratory qualitative study, we recruited a purposive sample of participants from Indian government-recognised key populations such as men who have sex with men, transgender women, people who inject drugs and female sex workers; general population adults and adolescents/youth; and researchers. We conducted 13 virtual focus groups (n = 86) between July and October 2021. Data were explored from a critical realist perspective and framing analysis (i.e., examining how the participants framed the narratives).

Results

Participants reported that study communities, especially those from key populations, were primarily involved in data collection, but not necessarily with optimal training. Involvement of communities before the start of the study (e.g., obtaining feedback on the study’s purpose/design) or once the study is completed (e.g., sharing of findings) were highlighted as priorities for meaningful engagement. Participants suggested meaningful CE in all stages of the study: (1) before the study—to get inputs in finalising the study design, drafting comprehensible informed consent forms and culturally-appropriate data collection tools, and deciding on appropriate monetary compensation; (2) during the study—adequate training of community field research staff; and (3) after the study—sharing the draft findings to get community inputs, and involving communities in advocacy activities towards converting evidence into action, policy or programs. Timely and transparent communications with communities were explicitly stated as critical for gaining and maintaining trust. Mutual respect, reciprocity (e.g., appropriate monetary compensation) and robust community feedback mechanisms were considered critical for meaningful CE.

Conclusions

The findings highlighted the translational gaps and priority areas for capacity building to strengthen CE in HIV prevention research. It is not only important to engage communities at various stages of research but to understand that trust, dignity, respect, and reciprocity are fundamentally preferred ways of meaningful community engagement.
Association between intraoperative blood salvage and coagulation disorder after cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Morinaga Masahiro , Yoshitani Kenji , Ogata Soshiro , Fukushima Satsuki , Matsuda Hitoshi
Published: January 2024

Background

This study investigated whether intraoperative blood salvage was associated with coagulation disorder diagnosed by conventional coagulation tests and thromboelastography (TEG) after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Study design and methods

This was a prospective, observational study. Ninety-two patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery with CPB were enrolled. We evaluated coagulation function in patients with or without cell salvage blood transfusion at the following time points: before CPB, just after protamine administration, and 1 h after protamine administration. We evaluated platelet count, fibrinogen concentration, and TEG parameters. Patients were considered to have coagulation disorder if one or more of the following criteria were present: (1) residual heparin, (2) low platelet count, (3) low fibrinogen level, (4) low clotting factor level, and (5) hyperfibrinolysis.

Results

Fifty-three of 92 patients (57.6%) received intraoperative cell salvage. Coagulation disorder was observed in 56 of 92 patients (60.9%) after CPB. There was no significant difference between patients with or without intraoperative blood salvage in terms of the incidence of coagulation disorder (p = 0.542) or the total volume of blood from the drain after CPB (p = 0.437). Intraoperative blood salvage was not associated with coagulation disorder diagnosed by either TEG or conventional coagulation tests (odds ratio 1.329, 95% confidence interval: 0.549–3.213, p = 0.547). There were no significant interactions between patients with or without intraoperative blood salvage regarding coagulation parameters derived from TEG.

Conclusions

The incidence of coagulation disorder and the total blood volume from the drain after CPB did not differ significantly between patients with or without intraoperative blood salvage.
Grating-based x-ray dark-field CT for lung cancer diagnosis in mice
Authors: Guo Peiyuan , Zhang Li , Lu Jincheng , Zhang Huitao , Zhu Xiaohua , Wu Chengpeng , Zhan Xiangwen , Yin Hongxia , Wang Zhenchang , Xu Yan , Wang Zhentian
Published: January 2024

Background

The low absorption of x-rays in lung tissue and the poor resolution of conventional computed tomography (CT) limits its use to detect lung disease. However, x-ray dark-field imaging can sense the scattered x-rays deflected by the structures being imaged. This technique can facilitate the detection of small alveolar lesions that would be difficult to detect with conventional CT. Therefore, it may provide an alternative imaging modality to diagnose lung disease at an early stage.

Methods

Eight mice were inoculated with lung cancers simultaneously. Each time two mice were scanned using a grating-based dark-field CT on days 4, 8, 12, and 16 after the introduction of the cancer cells. The detectability index was calculated between nodules and healthy parenchyma for both attenuation and dark-field modalities. High-resolution micro-CT and pathological examinations were used to crosscheck and validate our results. Paired t-test was used for comparing the ability of dark-field and attenuation modalities in pulmonary nodule detection.

Results

The nodules were shown as a signal decrease in the dark-field modality and a signal increase in the attenuation modality. The number of nodules increased from day 8 to day 16, indicating disease progression. The detectability indices of dark-field modality were higher than those of attenuation modality (p = 0.025).

Conclusions

Compared with the standard attenuation CT, the dark-field CT improved the detection of lung nodules.

Relevance statement

Dark-field CT has a higher detectability index than conventional attenuation CT in lung nodule detection. This technique could improve the early diagnosis of lung cancer.

Key points

• Lung cancer progression was observed using x-ray dark-field CT.

• Dark-field modality complements with attenuation modality in lung nodule detection.

• Dark-field modality showed a detectability index higher than that attenuation in nodule detection.

Graphical Abstract
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Shapley-based interpretation of deep learning models for wildfire spread rate prediction
Authors: Qayyum Faiza , Samee Nagwan Abdel , Alabdulhafith Maali , Aziz Ahmed , Hijjawi Mohammad
Published: January 2024

Background

Predicting wildfire progression is vital for countering its detrimental effects. While numerous studies over the years have delved into forecasting various elements of wildfires, many of these complex models are perceived as “black boxes”, making it challenging to produce transparent and easily interpretable outputs. Evaluating such models necessitates a thorough understanding of multiple pivotal factors that influence their performance.

Results

This study introduces a deep learning methodology based on transformer to determine wildfire susceptibility. To elucidate the connection between predictor variables and the model across diverse parameters, we employ SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for a detailed analysis. The model’s predictive robustness is further bolstered through various cross-validation techniques.

Conclusion

Upon examining various wildfire spread rate prediction models, transformer stands out, outperforming its peers in terms of accuracy and reliability. Although the models demonstrated a high level of accuracy when applied to the development dataset, their performance deteriorated when evaluated against the separate evaluation dataset. Interestingly, certain models that showed the lowest errors during the development stage exhibited the highest errors in the subsequent evaluation phase. In addition, SHAP outcomes underscore the invaluable role of explainable AI in enriching our comprehension of wildfire spread rate prediction.
A proposed inclusion of magnetic resonance imaging features to the VI RADS to enhance its accuracy in predicting muscle invasion
Authors: Elshewy Nesma , Ramadan Adel Ali , Sameh Wael Mohamed , Eid Mohamed Emad-ElDeen , El Achy Samar , Ezz Eldin Omnia
Published: January 2024

Background

Muscle invasion in bladder cancer is a paramount factor in prognosis and setting the management plan. MRI is gaining preference in this field, being noninvasive with no radiation hazards and having good resolution, especially with the development of the standardized system of (VI RADS). Moreover, multiple other imaging features can aid in predicting muscle invasion. We studied some of the most commonly reported features to develop the most reliable combination to anticipate the presence of muscle invasion.

Results

Our prospective study on 80 patients showed 39 (48.75%) muscle invasive (MIBC) and 41 (51.25%) non-muscle invasive (NMIBC) bladder cancer cases. The inter-observer agreement on the VI RADS score and the ADC measurements were very good and they had high-accuracy predicting muscle invasion with areas under the curve (AUCs) on ROC curve analysis reaching 0.905 and 0.857, respectively. The imaging variables that showed statistically significant differences between NMIBC and MIBC cases were: the multiplicity of the lesions, vesicoureteric junction (VUJ) involvement with distal ureteric backpressure, tumor–wall contact length (TCL), tumor volume, tumor shape (sessile or papillary), presence of a stalk, the final VI RADS score and the ADC value. On the multiple regression analysis model, the multiplicity of the lesions, the minimum ADC value by ROI method and the final VI RADS score showed independent correlation with muscle invasion, negatively with the first two and positively with the latter. The combination of the six statistically significant variables on the univariate regression analysis (final VI RADS score, minimum ADC by ROI, multiplicity, index tumor shape, TCL and distal ureteric backpressure changes) showed the best AUC (0.944).

Conclusions

VI RADS has good diagnostic accuracy regarding muscle invasion; however, this can even be enhanced by including other quantitative and qualitative commonly reported MRI features as a proposed modification to the VI RADS.
Repotrectinib in a Patient With NTRK Fusion-Positive Pancreatic Carcinoma and Congenital Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Yun Karen M. , Narezkina Anna , Redfern Charles , Velasco Katherine , Bazhenova Lyudmila
Published: January 2024

Repotrectinib in a patient with NTRK fusion–positive pancreatic carcinoma and congenital long QT syndrome.
Association Between Trimethylamine N-oxide and Adverse Kidney Outcomes and Overall Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yu Ping-Shaou , Wu Ping-Hsun , Hung Wei-Wen , Lin Ming-Yen , Zhen Yen-Yi , Hung Wei-Chun , Chang Jer-Ming , Tsai Jong-Rung , Chiu Yi-Wen , Hwang Shang-Jyh , Tsai Yi-Chun
Published: January 2024

Context

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the major contributor to chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The influence of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) on kidney outcomes in T2D remains unclear.

Objective

To examine the association between fasting serum TMAO levels and adverse kidney outcomes in patients with T2D.

Methods

Between October 2016 and June 2020, patients with T2D were recruited and monitored every 3 months until December 2021. Serum TMAO levels were assessed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The primary kidney outcomes were doubling of serum creatinine levels or progression to ESKD necessitating dialysis; the secondary kidney outcome was a rapid 30% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate within 2 years. All-cause mortality was also evaluated.

Results

Among the 440 enrolled patients with T2D, those in the highest serum TMAO tertile (≥0.88 μM) were older, had a longer diabetes duration, elevated blood urea nitrogen, and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate. Over a median follow-up period of 4 years, 26 patients (5.9%) had a doubling of serum creatinine level or progression to ESKD. After propensity score weighting, the patients in the highest serum TMAO tertile had a 6.45-fold increase in the risk of doubling of serum creatinine levels or progression to ESKD and 5.86-fold elevated risk of rapid decline in kidney function compared with those in the lowest tertile. Additionally, the stepwise increase in serum TMAO was associated with all-cause mortality.

Conclusion

Patients with T2D with elevated circulating TMAO levels are at higher risk of doubling serum creatinine, progressing to ESKD, and mortality. TMAO is a potential biomarker for kidney function progression and mortality in patients with T2D.
Comparisons of Metabolic Measures to Predict T1D vs Detect a Preventive Treatment Effect in High-Risk Individuals
Authors: Sims Emily K , Cuthbertson David , Jacobsen Laura , Ismail Heba M , Nathan Brandon M , Herold Kevan C , Redondo Maria J , Sosenko Jay
Published: January 2024

Context

Metabolic measures are frequently used to predict type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to understand effects of disease-modifying therapies.

Objective

Compare metabolic endpoints for their ability to detect preventive treatment effects and predict T1D.

Methods

Six-month changes in metabolic endpoints were assessed for (1) detecting treatment effects by comparing placebo and treatment arms from the randomized controlled teplizumab prevention trial, a multicenter clinical trial investigating 14-day intravenous teplizumab infusion and (2) predicting T1D in the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention natural history study. For each metabolic measure, t-Values from t tests for detecting a treatment effect were compared with chi-square values from proportional hazards regression for predicting T1D. Participants in the teplizumab prevention trial and participants in the Pathway to Prevention study selected with the same inclusion criteria used for the teplizumab trial were studied.

Results

Six-month changes in glucose-based endpoints predicted diabetes better than C-peptide–based endpoints, yet the latter were better at detecting a teplizumab effect. Combined measures of glucose and C-peptide were more balanced than measures of glucose alone or C-peptide alone for predicting diabetes and detecting a teplizumab effect.

Conclusion

The capacity of a metabolic endpoint to detect a treatment effect does not necessarily correspond to its accuracy for predicting T1D. However, combined glucose and C-peptide endpoints appear to be effective for both predicting diabetes and detecting a response to immunotherapy. These findings suggest that combined glucose and C-peptide endpoints should be incorporated into the design of future T1D prevention trials.
Ραδιόφωνο, μέσα κοινωνικής δικτύωσης και ακροαματικότητα
Authors: Πιλιτσίδου Ζαχαρένια-Μαρία
Published: January 2024

Σκοπός της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής ήταν να μελετήσει την επίδραση των μέσων κοινωνικής δικτύωσης των ραδιοφωνικών σταθμών στην ώρα ακρόασης των σταθμών. Η έρευνα βασίστηκε στη μεικτή μεθοδολογία και πιο συγκεκριμένα στο διερευνητικό διαδοχικό σχεδιασμό (exploratory sequential design). Αρχικά, πραγματοποιήθηκε ποιοτική έρευνα με ομάδες εστίασης ώστε με βάση τα ευρήματα της ποιοτικής προσέγγισης να δημιουργηθεί ένα πιο κατάλληλο εργαλείο μέτρησης ποσοτικών δεδομένων. Στην ανάλυση των συνεντεύξεων εφαρμόστηκε η θεματική ανάλυση και ο κριτικός ρεαλισμός. Στην έρευνα πρώτου σταδίου (Ν=1037), εξετάστηκαν τα ψυχομετρικά χαρακτηριστικά των κλιμάκων μέτρησης και το προφίλ του ακροαματικού κοινού με τη λανθάνουσα ανάλυση. Το ερωτηματολόγιο εξέτασε οχτώ κλίμακες, τη διάθεση σε σχέση με το ραδιόφωνο και τα μέσα κοινωνικής δικτύωσης, την αυτορρύθμιση, τη γνωστική και συναισθηματική διάσταση της Κοινωνικής Ταυτότητας, ξεχωριστά για το ραδιόφωνο και τα μέσα κοινωνικής δικτύωσης ενώ δημιουργήθηκαν νέες κλίμακες για την ακρόαση του ραδιοφώνου και τη χρήση των μέσων κοινωνικής δικτύωσης. Σύμφωνα με τη θεωρία του Ενισχυτικού Σπειροειδούς Μοντέλου (Slater, 2007) η έρευνα είναι διαχρονική εξαιτίας της χρήσης των μέσων κοινωνικής δικτύωσης που είναι καθημερινή και όχι στιγμιαία, γι αυτό το λόγο η έρευνα επαναλήφθηκε στα ίδια άτομα, με τις ίδιες ερωτήσεις σε διάστημα τριών μηνών (Ν= 431). Από την ποσοτική προσέγγιση πρώτου και δεύτερου σταδίου εφαρμόστηκε ταυτοποίηση των ατόμων και διερευνήθηκαν οι αλλαγές στις μεταβλητές από στάδιο σε στάδιο (Ν= 156). Σύμφωνα με την ποιοτική προσέγγιση, οι συμμετέχοντες δήλωσαν ότι ακούγοντας τον αγαπημένο τους ραδιοφωνικό σταθμό νιώθουν ότι ανήκουν σε μία ομάδα, ενώ ταυτόχρονα, νιώθουν ότι υπάρχουν κοινά στοιχεία με τους υπόλοιπους ακροατές. Το εύρημα αυτό, επιβεβαιώθηκε στην ποσοτική μελέτη και στα δύο στάδια, ενώ ταυτόχρονα επιβεβαιώθηκε η θεωρία της Κοινωνικής Ταυτότητας. Συγχρόνως, αναλύθηκε η επίδραση των μέσων κοινωνικής δικτύωσης και στις δύο φάσεις της ποσοτικής διερεύνησης, όπου τεκμηριώθηκε η αλληλοσυσχέτιση με την ακρόαση ραδιοφώνου στον ίδιο χρόνο, αλλά και η επίδρασή στην ώρα ακρόασης των ραδιοφωνικών σταθμών στη δεύτερη φάση. Ταυτόχρονα, αναλύθηκαν τα δεδομένα με τη γραμμική παλινδρόμηση, και τεκμηριώθηκαν οι μεταβλητές που επηρεάζουν την ακροαματικότητα των ραδιοφωνικών σταθμών. Είναι ένα σημαντικό εύρημα που εμπλουτίζει τη βιβλιογραφία και ανοίγει ένα νέο πεδίο έρευνας στην επίδραση των μέσων κοινωνικής δικτύωσης αλλά και στη μακροχρόνια έρευνα.
Forms of public self-government
Authors: Grebennikova Anna , Mamlina Ekaterina , Zyuzin Sergey , Vedyaeva Ekaterina
Published: January 2024

The theoretical foundations of the organization of public self-government are analyzed, as well as the actual problems of the formation of such forms as territorial public self-government, the institute of village elders, and ways to solve them are proposed.
For students studying in the field of training 03/38/04 "State and municipal administration", teachers, as well as members of representative bodies of municipalities, municipal employees, chairmen and employees of territorial public self-government bodies and village elders.
Ignition devices for fuel-air mixture of heat engines
Authors: Zuev Sergey , Yahutl' Daut , Bass Boris , Maleev Ruslan
Published: January 2024

The textbook describes the basic theoretical foundations and practical tasks in the field of research of ignition devices of fuel-air mixture of heat engines. The data concerning the working conditions of spark plugs, their classification, device and main characteristics are presented. The features of electrophysical processes in spark plugs of automotive internal combustion engines are described in detail. The methodology and algorithms of numerical simulation of the thermal state of a spark plug are considered. The development, testing and quality control, production and operation of ignition devices for fuel-air mixture of heat engines are described.
Meets the requirements of the latest generation of federal state standards of higher education.
It is intended for undergraduate, graduate and specialist students studying in the fields of 13.03.02 "Electric Power engineering and electrical engineering", 12.03.01 "Instrument Engineering", 12.03.05 "Laser technology and laser technologies", 12.05.01 "Electronic and optoelectronic devices and special purpose systems".
Ukraine in the system of international relations: historical and modern practice
Authors: Ovsyannikova Ol'ga
Published: January 2024

The monograph examines the main stages of the formation and development of Ukrainian statehood since the collapse of the Ancient Russian state in the XIII century and the entry of the territories of Southwestern Russia into neighboring states, Ukraine's acquisition of international political and legal subjectivity in the XX century and the modern stage of its development.
The processes of political and socio-economic development of the region as part of the all-Russian political space, the processes of sovereignization during the revolutions of 1917 and the Civil War and the Soviet period of formation and development of Ukrainian statehood are analyzed.
Special attention is paid to the processes related to the development of Ukraine as a subject of world politics and international relations. The essential features of the Ukrainian crisis are determined as part of global transformational processes aimed at realizing the interests of the United States and its allies, as well as the specifics of modern processes in Ukraine as part of the global conflict of the Western community against Russia in order to inflict maximum damage on it in all spheres of life.
It is addressed to teachers, students, undergraduates, postgraduates and doctoral students of higher educational institutions. It can be used by specialists in the field of international relations.
Financial cycles and financial policy
Authors: Ivanickiy Viktor , Loginov Mihail
Published: January 2024

The monograph is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the functioning of the financial system, the main of which is the cyclical nature of the processes taking place in the financial sector. The forms of financial cycles are revealed, as well as their interrelation and interdependence with economic cycles in general. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the identification and disclosure of elementary financial cycles of various types. The study of the problems of the cyclical nature of the financial sphere allows us to understand the essence of monetary relations, in particular finance. The specificity of the author's approach is that the financial sphere is considered as an integral structure united by various forms of interaction of its constituent parts or subjects.
The presented scientific and methodological material can be useful for scientists, practitioners, as well as for anyone interested in finance and financial policy issues.
Global partnership in Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) for curbing youth unemployment and restiveness in North-East, Nigeria
Authors: Wombo Adoo Blessing
Published: January 2024

The study was concerned with the techniques for curbing youth unemployment and restiveness through global partnership in Technical Vocational Education and Training for achieving sustainable development goals 2016-2030 in North-East Nigeria. As the survey research design was adopted, four specific objectives and four null hypotheses guided the study. The population of the study was 468 subjects, consisting of 282 Social workers and 186 Vocational guidance counselors in six states of the North-East geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The entire population was used as the sample for the study because of its small size. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire titled - Curbing Youth Unemployment and Restiveness through Global Partnership in Technical Vocational Education and Training Questionnaire (CYURGPTEVTQ), validated by three experts with a Cronbach alpha correlation coefficient of 0.88. The researchers and two research assistants administered the instrument. Mean, and Standard deviation was used to answer the research questions, while student t-test statistics were used to analyze the null hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance (P = 0.05). The study showed that youth unemployment was the critical factor generating community restiveness. Based on the findings, jobs should be created, and youths should be equipped with relevant skills, attitudes, and knowledge through TVET to curb youth unemployment and restiveness.
Mapping research on Indonesian professional teacher: The bibliometric analysis
Authors: Setianingrum Indah , Da Costa Augusto
Published: January 2024

This research aims to identify trends in scientific publications with the theme of Indonesian professional teachers. The research uses bibliometric analysis involving scientific publications from 1982 to 2023 in the Scopus database. The keyword we use is a professional teacher in Indonesia. The analysis results show that the trend of scientific publications with the keyword professional teacher in Indonesia has experienced a significant increase, with the peak occurring in 2020-2023. Indonesia is the country that has the highest contribution to scientific publications about Indonesian professional teacher . Wiyono, B.B. is a well-known researcher who has the most publications, while Lie, A. is a researcher who has the most total citations. Most scientific publications are in conference series, specifically in the Journal of Physics: Conference Series. The research results open up opportunities to conduct further research in areas that have not been widely researched, such as online learning communities, pedagogical content knowledge, professional development programs, professional knowledge, professional training, STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics), teacher learning, and teaching practicum. The research results have implications for efforts to professionalize teachers in Indonesia.
STEM-PjBL and creativity of science learning students in elementary schools
Authors: Rahayu Annisa Septia , Maryani Ika
Published: January 2024

Science learning is a lesson that studies nature and life. Science learning opens up opportunities for students to ask questions, develop new ideas, and build new skills, so this research aims to describe the implementation of STEM-PjBL, measure student creativity after implementing STEM-PjBL, and measure the influence of STEM-PjBL in science learning. This research uses a quantitative approach with the Pretest-Posttest Nonequivalent Control Group Design type. In this design, there are two groups: the experimental and the control groups. Data collection techniques use observation. The subjects used were 58 students, consisting of 28 as an experimental group and 30 as a control group. Data analysis techniques include a paired sample t-test and an independent sample t-test with a significance level of 5%. There is an increase in student creativity in the learning process. The results of the paired sample t-test show that there are significant differences in student creativity after the STEM-PjBL action in learning. The results of the independent sample t-test show that there are significant differences in STEM-PjBL actions in the learning process. STEM-PjBL has an influence on student creativity in the learning process.
Hemoperitoneum Related with Peritoneal Dialysis in A Female Adolescent: it is Not as Frightening as it Seems
Authors: ÖZLÜ Sare Gülfem , ÖZDEMİR GÖKÇE Ayşe , İNÖZÜ Mihriban , BAYRAKÇI Umut Selda
Published: January 2024

Although hemoperitoneum is a benign and common complication of chronic peritoneal dialysis the apperance of the effluent will be devastating for the patients. In women of reproductive age group gynecological causes are the common etiological factors.
A 17 years old girl who had been on automated peritoneal dialysis for six months was admitted because of bloody effluent lasting for two days. At admission she described mild abdominal pain; physical examination was unremarkable and bleeding time and coagulation profile was normal. Abdominal ultrasound revealed hemorrhagic cysts on left ovary. Peritoneal effluent was cleared by using rapid exchanges with room temperature dialysate.
Hemoperitoneum is a well recognized complication of peritoneal dialysis in women of reproductive age.Abdominal ultrasound is the first, easily applicable and reliable diagnostic modality in order to detect underlying causes of hemoperitoneum. Performing rapid exchanges with cold-room temperature dialysate is the mainstay of treatment.
KiteLock 4%: the next generation of CVAD locking solutions
Authors: Barton Andrew
Published: January 2024

Central venous access devices (CVADs), including peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) and cuffed tunnelled catheters, play a crucial role in modern medicine by providing reliable access for medication and treatments directly into the bloodstream. However, these vital medical devices also pose a significant risk of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) alongside associated complications such as thrombosis or catheter occlusion. To mitigate these risks, healthcare providers employ various strategies, including the use of locking solutions in combination with meticulous care and maintenance protocols. KiteLock 4% catheter lock is a solution designed to combat the triple threat of infection, occlusion and biofilm. This locking solution is described as the only locking solution to provide cover for all three complications.
Percutaneous infraclavicular subclavian vein catheters in paediatric cancer patients in comparison with critically ill children: a one-year experience from a Tunisian hospital
Authors: Jarraya Anouar , Kammoun Manel , Sarhan Ahmad , Abdelhedi Ahmad , Kolsi Kamel
Published: January 2024

Background:

Paediatric cancer and critically ill patients frequently require central venous catheters for prolonged intravenous therapy. The aim of this study is to compare the difficulty of catheter insertion and the morbidity related to this procedure in these two populations and to investigate risk factors for complications

Methods:

This prospective observational study was conducted at the Hedi Chaker University Hospital in Sfax, Tunisia, from July 2021 to July 2022. We included all patients aged three months to 14 years who required an infraclavicular subclavian vein catheterization. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 included children with malignancies; and Group 2 included critically ill paediatric patients. Then, we compared the demographic data, the difficulty of the catheterization procedure, and catheter-related complications. We also investigated risk factors for complications using a logistic regression model. The significance level was P<0.05

Results:

We included 65 infants and children requiring central venous access, 28 of whom suffered from malignancies. The demographic parameters were comparable. However, the time for the procedure and the number of attempts were higher in the malignancy group with P<0.001. Central venous catheter complications were present 46.4% of the time in Group 1 compared to 21.6% in Group 2 (P=0.032). Malignancies were associated with an increased risk of complications (aOR = 2.95; 95%CI: 0.63-13.8)

Conclusions:

This study showed increased difficulty and higher morbidity related to infraclavicular subclavian vein catheterization among infants and children suffering from cancer
Care bundles and peripheral arterial catheters
Authors: Reynolds Heather , Gowardman John , Woods Christine
Published: January 2024

HIGHLIGHTS

What we know about the topic: Recommendations for the use of vascular access care bundles to reduce infection are followed for different devices. The risk of arterial catheter-related infection is comparable with short-term, non-cuffed central venous catheters. There are practice concerns for clinicians inserting and caring for peripheral arterial catheters. What this paper adds: The selected studies had a theme of decreased infection after using bundled strategies for all devices. Few studies addressed use of bundles for care of peripheral arterial catheters. High-quality research should be performed about using care bundles for insertion and care of arterial catheters.

Introduction:

A scoping review of the literature was performed.

Aims/objectives:

To find information on the use of care bundles for care of arterial, central, and peripherally inserted venous catheters.

Methods:

Data was extracted by 2 independent researchers using standardized methodology

Results:

Results of 84 studies included 2 (2.4%) randomized controlled trials, 38 (45.2%) observational studies, 29 (34.5%) quality projects, and 15 (17.9%) reviews. Populations had more adults than pediatric patients. All studies had the most prominent theme of decreased infection in all devices after using bundle strategies.

Discussion and conclusions:

The mapping of available evidence strongly supports the use of care bundles to reduce infection in the care of all intravascular devices. However, deficiencies regarding practice concerns about insertion and care of arterial catheters highlight areas for future research with the aim to eliminate the gap in the evidence of studies of care bundles for peripheral arterial catheters.
How do advanced nurse practitioners enhance healthcare outcomes in frail older patients living in care homes?
Authors: Read Haley , Nindrajog Bhuvnesh , Mortimore Gerri
Published: January 2024

Background:

As the UK healthcare service strains to meet the demand from its ageing population for 24-hour care, there is an increased need to develop an effective way to provide quality care to frail residents living in care homes. The role of the advanced nurse practitioner (ANP) has evolved over the last 20 years, developing in part to meet the shortfall of GPs and geriatric specialist doctors. Despite research having been previously conducted in the US and Canada into how the ANP role can function within care homes, there has been limited exploration into how the role can enhance UK healthcare outcomes in relation to the 2019 NHS Long-Term Plan, which aimed to provide care closer to home for ageing patients.

Aims:

This paper was designed to critically review published primary research papers and evaluate the impact of the ANP role on healthcare outcomes for frail elderly care home residents. Its objective was to help guide future healthcare delivery policy within the UK.

Methods:

A saturated systematic search of primary research literature was conducted. An inclusion/exclusion criterion was also utilised. Key papers identified were subject to critical synthesis, using ratified critical appraisal tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute and mixed-method appraisal tool by Hong et al (2018) . A thematic/narrative approach was employed to evaluate the findings of the mixed-method heterogenic-style research.

Results:

A total of 14 primary research papers met the criteria, which included mixed methods of study from across four English language-speaking countries. Five outcome themes were recurrent throughout the synthesis of the results, including, in order of prevalence: improved/equivalent quality of care; successful collaborative role; reduced hospitalisations; timely access to primary/secondary care; colleague/patient/family satisfaction.

Discussion:

Following the review of the highlighted themes, there was a consensus that ANPs positively influence the care quality of elderly patients living within care homes. Although no superiority over a physician approach was found, there was indication of supplementary benefits when including ANPs in the care home setting. These include instilling positive role models into the healthcare environment, increasing the general knowledge and education capacity of care staff, and streamlining communication—especially within advanced care planning and coordination of care. These qualities clearly encompass the current NHS priorities of the 2019 Long-Term Plan and the Enhanced Health in Care Homes Framework, which are set to be fully achieved by 2024.
Paramedics with doctorates: providing an original contribution to paramedic knowledge?
Authors: Willis Sam , Copson Joe
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this article is to open a discourse around, and to draw attention to, the relative paucity of paramedic-specific research available in the highly specialised area of out-of-hospital care. It recognises the potential of education for filling this void through paramedics undertaking doctoral qualifications as part of their individual lifelong learning and for advancing the profession. It argues the importance of doctoral qualifications as catalysts for progressing modern paramedicine and highlights the benefits and challenges likely to be experienced during the doctoral programme. The article reinforces the need for a strong profession-specific evidence base, combined with expertise, to be able to provide safe clinical care and it argues for engagement with an emerging paradigmatic framework steeped in philosophy to drive modern paramedicine forwards
Protocol for Surgery or Cast of the EpicoNdyle in Children’s Elbows (SCIENCE)
Authors: Achten Juul , Appelbe Duncan , Spoors Louise , Peckham Nicholas , Kandiyali Rebecca , Mason James , Ferguson David , Wright James , Wilson Nicola , Preston Jennifer , Moscrop Amy , Costa Matthew , Perry Daniel C.
Published: January 2024

Aims

The management of fractures of the medial epicondyle is one of the greatest controversies in paediatric fracture care, with uncertainty concerning the need for surgery. The British Society of Children’s Orthopaedic Surgery prioritized this as their most important research question in paediatric trauma. This is the protocol for a randomized controlled, multicentre, prospective superiority trial of operative fixation versus nonoperative treatment for displaced medial epicondyle fractures: the Surgery or Cast of the EpicoNdyle in Children’s Elbows (SCIENCE) trial.

Methods

Children aged seven to 15 years old inclusive, who have sustained a displaced fracture of the medial epicondyle, are eligible to take part. Baseline function using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) upper limb score, pain measured using the Wong Baker FACES pain scale, and quality of life (QoL) assessed with the EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire for younger patients (EQ-5D-Y) will be collected. Each patient will be randomly allocated (1:1, stratified using a minimization algorithm by centre and initial elbow dislocation status (i.e. dislocated or not-dislocated at presentation to the emergency department)) to either a regimen of the operative fixation or non-surgical treatment.

Outcomes

At six weeks, and three, six, and 12 months, data on function, pain, sports/music participation, QoL, immobilization, and analgesia will be collected. These will also be repeated annually until the child reaches the age of 16 years. Four weeks after injury, the main outcomes plus data on complications, resource use, and school absence will be collected. The primary outcome is the PROMIS upper limb score at 12 months post-randomization. All data will be obtained through electronic questionnaires completed by the participants and/or parents/guardians. The NHS number of participants will be stored to enable future data linkage to sources of routinely collected data (i.e. Hospital Episode Statistics).

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(1):69–77.
Optimization of deoxyribonucleic acid extraction and polymerase chain reaction methods for gene detection of Toxoplasma gondii in goat milk
Authors: FATMAWATI MIRA , SUWANTI LUCIA TRI , MUFASIRIN MUFASIRIN , SUBEKTI DIDIK TULUS , EKAWASTI FITRINE , LASTUTI NUNUK DYAH RETNO , LAMID MIRNI , SUPRIHATI ENDANG , EFFENDI MUSTOFA HELMI , AL-ARIF ANAM
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Fatmawati M, Suwanti LT, Mufasirin, Subekti DT, Ekawasti F, Lastuti NDR, Lamid M, Suprihati E, Effendi MH, Al-Arif A. 2023. Optimization of deoxyribonucleic acid extraction and polymerase chain reaction methods for gene detection of Toxoplasma gondii in goat milk. Biodiversitas 24: 5905-5911. Dairy goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) are intermediate hosts that transmit Toxoplasma gondii to humans through goat milk consumption. T. gondii can invade mammary glands and secrete into milk. The method of detecting gene of the T. gondii in milk is through a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test based on specific genes. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy methods of the T. gondii molecular assay from the extraction, master mix for PCR assay, and primer that is possible to amplify the gene of T. gondii in goat milk for PCR assay. The research method for purification used flotation using concentrated sugar. This research compared the extraction kit from Kit Extraction 1 (K1), Kit Extraction 2 (K2), and Kit Extraction 3 (K3) with the extraction method listed in the brochure. Meanwhile, for the PCR assay, three types of master mix were used, including Master Mix 1 (M1), Master Mix 2 (M2), and Master Mix 3 (M3). The specific genes used included primers B1, ROP, GRA 1, GRA 7, BAG 1, and P30. Tris borate EDTA (TBE) or Phosphate Buffer Saline Solution (PBS) as buffer milk samples gave the same PCR test results. The results show that the principle of a flotation method test using PBS can be used to prepare the milk sample. The research showed that extraction kit 1 (K1) and extraction kit 2 (K2) gave positive results for the positive control. However, in terms of price, K2 is cheaper than K1. So, to optimize DNA extraction, K2 can be used. The master mix that can be used for PCR testing of milk samples is M1 because M1 gives positive results for positive controls and negative results for negative controls. Primers for optimal results used GRA 7 and B1 with denaturation temperature of 94°C, annealing at 56°C, and an extension of 73°C 33. This research concluded that the type of DNA extraction kit affects the PCR test results for detecting T. gondii in goat milk. It is necessary to optimize the type of master mix to be used in PCR testing and primers capable of amplifying the T. gondii gene.
Ground-dwelling ant diversity in forests and agricultural land use at Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, Thailand
Authors: KHONGTHAWIE SIRIPORN , HASIN SASITORN , PONPINIJ SUKSAWAT , PINKAEW NANTASAK
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Khongthawie S, Hasin S, Ponpinij S, Pinkaew N. 2023. Ground-dwelling ant diversity in forests and agricultural land use at Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, Thailand. Biodiversitas 24: 5937-5946. Ants play essential roles in terrestrial ecosystems, for example, soil engineers, seed dispersers, biological control agents, and indicators to monitor environmental stress and disturbance. This research aimed to study the diversity and community composition of ground-dwelling ants at Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve and its surrounding areas. Pitfall traps collected ground-dwelling ants from three habitat types: agricultural areas, dry dipterocarp forests, and dry evergreen forests; the environmental factor in this work was soil temperature. The results revealed that 109 ant species in 40 genera belonging to 8 subfamilies. Notably, the dry dipterocarp forest exhibited the highest ant diversity with 71 species, followed by the dry evergreen forest and agricultural area with 62 and 54 species, respectively. Overall, the present study reveals that soil temperature and vegetation significantly influenced ant species composition; ant species being more likely to be found in forests than in agricultural areas, and species classified as uncommon groups based on occurrence were the largest group in every study site. Besides, the information on ant species obtained from this work had the potential to be used as bioindicator species for ecosystem management and human impacts on forests.