bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial Risk Factors in Patients With Most Common Cardiovascular Diseases Such as Hypertension and Coronary Artery Disease (Based on Results From the Russian Multicenter COMET Study)
Authors: Pogosova N. V. , Sokolova O. Yu. , Yufereva Yu. M. , Kursakov A. A. , Ausheva A. K. , Arutyunov A. A. , Kalinina A. S. , Karpova A. V. , Vygodin V. A. , Boytsov S. A. , Oganov R. G.
Published: August 2019

Background: Psychosocial risk factors (RFs) play a major role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

Aim. The COMET study aimed to obtain current data on psychosocial RFs in outpatients with arterial hypertension (AH) and/or coronary heart disease (CHD) seen in primary care facilities in 30 cities of Russia.

Methods. In 2016-2017, a multicenter cross-sectional study was carried out involving 325 physicians from community primary care facilities who enrolled 2,775 patients with AH and/or CHD ≥ 55 years of age. However, only 73 CHD patients (2.6%) were not hypertensive, therefore, these patients were excluded from the analyses. As a result, current paper is based on the comparison of AH patients (n=1687) vs. participants with both CHD and AH (AH+CHD; n=1015). We collected patients’ socio-demographic data, clinical features, traditional and psychosocial RFs, such as anxiety and depression, stress level, type D personality, and treatment adherence.

Results. The study population (women, 72%; mean age ± SD, 66.7 ± 7.9 years) had a significant prevalence of psychosocial RF. 43.8% of AH patients and 45.5 % of participants with AH+CHD rated their income as low or very low, a low educational level was reported in 21.6% and 26.0%, respectively (both p=n/s). Social isolation was uncommon, but it occurred more frequently in AH+CHD patients (8.3% vs. 5.2%, p<0.01). Nevertheless, 40.2% of AH patients and 39.4% of AH+CHD were not married, and 26.0% and 24.6% were living alone, respectively. Elevated stress level was prevalent in more than 60% of patients (67.9% in AH patients vs. 67.7% in AH+CHD patents, p=n/s), and 63.3% and 64.8% of patients, respectively, reported stressful life events in the preceding year (p=n/s). Type D personality was more common in AH+CHD patients (41.2% vs. 35.8%; p<0.01). Clinically significant anxiety symptoms were prevalent in 24.7% ofAH patients and in 27.4% ofAH+CHD patients (p=n/s), and clinically significant depressive symptoms were identified in 13.9% and 20.9%, respectively (p<0.001).

Conclusion. We obtained current data on psychosocial RFs prevalence in outpatients with the most common CVDs in primary care setting. At the moment, their prevalence remains significant.
COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT OF CHRONIC APICAL PERIODONTITIS ON THE BASIS OF DENSITOMETRIC AND MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH METHODS
Authors: Герасимова Лариса , Gerasimova Larisa , Юсупова Алина , Yusupova Alina , Усманова Ирина , Usmanova Irina , Сорокин Александр , Sorokin Aleksandr
Published: August 2019

Relevanct of the research topic. One of the possible causes of apical periodontitis is the infectious inflammatory process of the periapical periodontal tissues. The microflora of the root canal system is represented by various microorganisms, among which streptococci, enterococci and staphylococci most often prevail. The complex anatomy of the root canal system ensures the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, and the endodontic treatment does not always contribute to their qualitative and quantitative reduction.

Purpose ― study of the effectiveness of endodontic treatment of chronic apical periodontitis in the near and long term.

Methods. We observed 110 patients aged 20 to 30 years with apical periodontitis, bone density analysis and microbiological examination of the contents of the root canal. Depending on the obtained clinical and laboratory data, the patients were divided into two clinical groups: in group I endodontic treatment of 55 teeth was carried out according to the scheme developed by us; in group II — 55 teeth using the standard method of treatment.

Results. In endodontic treatment of chronic apical periodontitis, treatment of the root canal system with a diode laser promotes better decontamination of the microflora. Coal mining introduction into the root canal system and in the region of the transition folds of the platelet autoplasma leads to an increase of the reparative process in the periapical region (p≤0.05).

Summary. The inclusion in the Protocol of endodontic treatment of apical periodontitis of treatment of the root canal system with a diode laser and injection of platelet autoplasm is a more effective method of treatment in comparison with the traditional one.
Os direitos humanos da criança: análise das recomendações do Comitê dos Direitos da Criança das Nações Unidas.
Authors: Souza Ismael Francisco de , Serafim Renata Nápoli Vieira
Published: August 2019

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar os direitos humanos de criança sob uma perspectiva crítica, tendo em vista que a simples positivação dos direitos da criança tanto no campo internacional, quanto no âmbito nacional, não se mostrou suficiente à efetivação dos direitos humanos e fundamentais. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo do relatório da Convenção dos Direitos da Criança da ONU, de outubro de 2015, que apresentou inúmeras violações de direitos infanto-juvenis, especialmente das crianças afro-brasileiras, indígenas, pessoas com deficiência e de gênero no Brasil. Adotou-se o método indutivo com pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. Verificou-se que é preciso estabelecer um novo paradigma dos direitos humanos, extensivo aos direitos das crianças e adolescentes, como marco no paradigma da proteção integral, que considere o contexto histórico, sociológico e cultural das sociedades periféricas e o reconhecimento do sujeito e suas garantias fundamentais.
Um percurso histórico e noções gerais da hermenêutica filosófica de Gadamer: uma análise filosófica para a comunidade jurídica
Authors: Alves Fernando de Brito , Oliveira Guilherme Fonseca de
Published: August 2019

O artigo apresenta uma análise etimológica do vocábulo hermenêutica e conceituações modernas a respeito dessa temética. Mostra um panorama do pensamento dos autores que mais influenciaram a proposta gadameriana em perspectiva voltada à análise da própria hermenêutica filosófica. Expõe noções gerais sobre a hermenêutica filosófica - em especial quanto às características de intersubjtividade e pragmática - que constituem o pano de fundo do pensamento gadameriano. São tecidas considerações sobre a tese contra-metódica de Gadamer e suas influencias para o Direito. O escrito vale-se de método dedutivo e de revisão da bibliografia jurídica e filosófica pertinenente. Está divido em três seções: na primeira seção são exploradas conceitos modernos de hermenêutica; na segunda seção são expostos os pensamentos de Schleiermacher, Dilthey e Heidegger, no que importam à hermenêutica filosófica; finalmente, na terceiça seção são expostas noções gerais sobre a hermenêutica filosófica de Gadamer e também as influências de sua posição contra-metódica no Direito.
The Method of Calculation of the Evolution of Thermal and Energy Characteristics of the Accelerated Hydration Process of Concrete Products
Authors: Niyakovskii A. M. , Romaniuk V. N. , Chichko A. N. , Yatskevich Yu. V.
Published: August 2019

The development of methods for calculating the dynamics of the energy thermal characteristics of the accelerated hydration process is one of the most difficult tasks of heat power engineering. The article describes a new method of calculating the thermal characteristics of the process, focused on its application in the installations of accelerated hydration used for the production of 3D-reinforced concrete structures. The principles of cellular-automatic modeling of energy characteristics of concrete heat treatment process were used in the development of the method. The mathematical apparatus used in the method is based on the finite-difference three-dimensional heat equation, which allows taking into account, due to the system of boundary and initial conditions, the spatial dimensions of the concrete product, the spatial arrangement of the formwork, the spatial distribution of heating elements and other design features of the accelerated hydration system. The input parameters of the models used are the density, thermal conductivity, heat capacity of the concrete mixture and structural elements included in the tooling of the product. Boundary and initial conditions will make it possible to solve modeling problems for any 3D-design. The goal of the study is to develop a method for calculating the energy characteristics dynamics of the hardening of 3D-concrete products subjected to heat treatment, based on a grid non-equilibrium thermal model. The paper presents a mathematical equation apparatus that allows linking the geometric characteristics of the product and the finite-difference equations of thermal conductivity, including sources of heat. A numerical method for determining the energy characteristics of the hardening of 3D-concrete products subjected to heat treatment has been proposed consisting of, depending on the time of heat treatment, the calculation of the outside heat supplied to the concrete product, heat dissipated into the environment, the emitted heat of hydration and the heat accumulated in the concrete product during heat treatment, taking into account the geometry of the product. The method is based on a grid three-dimensional thermophysical model that takes into account the nonequilibrium and the system of boundary conditions that reflect the specifics of the process in the accelerated hydration of concrete. Calculations of the functions of the energy characteristics determining the heat treatment, depending on the time of heat treatment for cubic 3D-concrete products of different sizes have been performed. It is demonstrated that the rate of alteration of energy characteristics can be modeled for products of any spatial configuration.
Technological aspects of creation of composite wear-resistant coatings on iron-containing alloys production with the help of induction welding
Authors: Kalinichenko V. A. , Kalinichenko M. L. , Andrushevich A. A.
Published: August 2019

To meet specific tribotechnical problems surface coatings require special properties, e. g. the formation of a friction film to increase wear resistance by implementing the principle of Sharpie. The paper deals with the technological aspects of creating such coatings on iron-containing alloys by combining laser and induction surfacing to obtain a wear-resistant composite coating. Within research, a coating with a composite structure on a substrate of steel 45 with a copper matrix and a reinforcing phase on the basis of Nickel-iron rollers obtained by laser cladding was obtained. The interface between the components of the composite material is studied. The results of studies of the chemical composition and microhardness of the composite coatings are presented. As studies have shown, the use of laser-induction surfacing allows to form a coating of stable quality with minimal consumption of matrix alloy. The proposed technology makes it possible to create a range of different types of composite coatings on iron-containing alloys for different friction velocities and degrees of load by varying the frequency of the reinforcing mesh and the tupe of filler powders.
Influence of the modes of shaping of sand-resin shellis on quality of the produced castings
Authors: Kulikov V. Yu. , Kvon S. S. , Kovalyova T. V. , Shcherbakova E. P. , Eremin E. N.
Published: August 2019

Resin in sand-resin mixes in the course of heating at production of casting shell molds undergoes changes of a state: solid – liquid – solid. For the purpose of increase in durability and decrease in contents of binding (pulverbakelit) in mix when forming a shell, along with thermal influence, the static pressure, the resines changing in compliance with change of aggregate state was used. Basic pressure is 0.25 MPas and moves through a press plate right after filling of mix on heated up to 230 °C model plate. In 10 seconds pressure increases up to 0.35 MPas. And in 10 seconds pressure goes down to 0.2 MPas. It is experimentally defined that the castings received in the shell forms made with use of variable pressure have the minimum and uniform internal tension. Also researches showed that such castings have high purity of a surface (Rz 70–80) and lack of internal defects.
Technological problems of modifying of structure of silumin castings. Solutions
Authors: Marukovich E. I. , Stetsenko V. . Yu.
Published: August 2019

It is shown that the main technological problems of modifying of structure of silumin castings are: absence of the universal modifiers, limitation of their action in time; saturation of a melt by hydrogen and oxide of silicon. Admixture modifiers do not solve these problems. These problems could be solved by method of hereditary modifying. For this purpose it is necessary to use the silumin castings with a high-dispersible microstructure received by casting in a crystallizer with a high speed of cooling.
The efficiency of drawing high-strength wire with a high proportion of compressive stresses in the deformation scheme
Authors: Fetisov V. P.
Published: August 2019

Drawing region ultralarge total of reductions with the prevailing influence of compressive stress provides relaxation local peak stresses and increase of the stock of plasticity ultraviolence brass plated wire for steel cord.
Penetrasi Pasar Dan Pengembangan Produk (Studi pada Penjual Bakso di Kota Madiun)
Authors: Purwana Agung Eko
Published: August 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi peluang pasar melalui kesempatan pengembangan yang dilakukan para penjual bakso di Kota Madiun. Dari masalah tersebut dikaji pula tentang bagaimana mereka melakukan penetrasi pasar, pengembangan pasar, pengembangan produk, dan diversifikasi produk dalam rangka untuk meningkatkan penjualannya. Penelitian ini memaparkan masalah-masalah yang bersumber pada kajian lapangan dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengalaman langsung mereka yang berkaitan dengan proses pengembangan produk dan pasarnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa para penjual bakso di Kota Madiun telah mengidentifikasi peluang pasarnya melalui pengembangan produk dan pasarnya. Mereka berjualan menetap, membuka cabang, dan berkeliling dengan produk bakso yang bervariasi dan berinovasi (bentuk, ukuran, campuran, wajah, karakter, dan rasa). Memang diantara para penjual bakso ada diantara mereka yang hanya menjual bakso saja, tetapi tidak sedikit yang juga menawarkan banyak produk lainnya yang dibutuhkan konsumen, yakni Mie Ayam, Soto, Nasi, dan Minuman. Pelayanan pesanan sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan keinginan pelanggan dilakukan dengan semangat untuk melayanai pasar dan pelanggan barunya.
Beragama Di Tengah Kebhinekaan: Pemaknaan Keberagamaan Pemeluk Buddha Dan Islam Di Dusun Sodong Kecamatan Sampung Kabupaten Ponorogo
Authors: Ainurrofiq Faiq
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana pemeluk agama Islam dan Budha di Dusun Sodong memaknai agamanya sehingga tercipta kehidupan yang rukun di tengah-tengah masyarakat multi agama. Pemaknaan agama oleh para pemeluknya akan membawa dampak pada perilaku keberagamaan mereka sehingga hal tersebut penting untuk kaji. Pemaknaan yang inklusif akan memunculkan sikap toleran terhadap yang lain, sebaliknya pemaknaan yang eksklusif akan memunculkan sikap intoleran terhadap yang lain. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian kualitatif, teknik pengumpulan datanya dengan wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan corak keberagamaan yang inklusif di kalangan pemeluk Buddha dan Islam di Dusun Sodong. Inklusifitas pemeluk Buddha tampak pada pemaknaan bahwa semua agama memiliki tujuan yang baik, oleh sebab itu tidak menjadi masalah apapun agama yang dipilih, asalkan bisa membawa kebaikan. Sikap inklusif pemeluk Islam tampak dalam pemaknaan agama yang menitik beratkan pada aspek kemaslahatan bersama (rahmatan lil alamin). Pemaknaan ini menempatkan perbuatan baik (amal shalih) sebagai ruh untuk menciptakan kehidupan yang harmonis.
Bisnis Ritel Pangan Di Pasar Tradisional (Studi Kritis Terhadap Implementasi Peraturan Balai POM Tentang Keamanan Pangan Di Pasar Songgolangit)
Authors: Maulidia Rohmah
Published: August 2019

Fenomena penggunaan boraks dan formalin pada makanan kerap dijumpai di pasar tradisional. Penerbitan Peraturan BPOM Nomor 5 Tahun 2015 bertujuan melindungi masyarakat dari pangan yang berisiko terhadap kesehatan. Dengan menggunakan teori kesadaran hukum dan teori survival strategy penulis melakukan analisis data. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa mereka semua para informan yang diwawancarai tidak tahu peraturan BPOM, dan tidak pernah menerima sosialisasi dari Dinas pasar. Mereka mengaku selama ini taat pada aturan tertulis (di spanduk) di pasar. Misal tentang aturan larangan jualan di jalan trotoar dan selasar pasar, karena memang itu ditempel besar-besar di dalam pasar.Secara umum, standarisasi bisnis ritel pangan menurut BPOM di pasar Songgolangit belum sepenuhnya dilaksanakan dengan baik oleh pedagang. Hanya sedikit pedagang yang memiliki papan identitas dan mereka tidak memperdulikan higienitas dari hama di makanan (missal penjual teri). Untuk toilet, masih belum ada pemisahan toilet lakilaki dan perempuan, serta jarak toilet dengan penjualan makan sangat dekat. Tetapi sebagian dari mereka sesungguhnya sudah mempraktekkan standarisasi peraturan POM tersebut, missal penjual ikan telah menggunakan es balok dalam jualan ikannya, penjual kerupuk mentah yang mau membersihkan secara berkala barang dagangannya, agar jangan sampai tikus berkeliaran di lapaknya.
PENGARUH PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Muklisin Muklisin , Diantoro Fery
Published: August 2019

Proses pembelajaran dalam kurikulum 2013 yang belum secara penuh dipahami oleh guru mengakibatkan kurang menarik perhatian peserta didik yang berakibat pada menurunnya motivasi belajar dan berimbas pada rendahnya hasil belajar. Penggunaan pendekatan saintifik dengan tepat dipandang dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap motivasi dan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar. Penelitian ini menekankan pada pengaruh pendekatan saintifik dan motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran Al-Qur’an-Hadist. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survey. Adapun populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik di MTs Negeri se Kabupaten Trenggalek. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 104 peserta didik. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskripsi dan analisis inferensial. Dari hasil penelitian ini, terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara pendekatan saintifik dan motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar mata pelajaran Al-Qur’an-Hadist di MTs Negeri se Kabupaten Trenggalek. Pendekatan saintifik memberi pengaruh sebesar 18,7% dan motivasi belajar memberikan pengaruh sebesar 17,8%. Secara bersama-sama terdapat interaksi yang positif dan signifikan antara pendekatan saintifik dan motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik sebesar 21,5%. The learning process in kurikulum 2013 that has not been fully understood by the teacher results in less attracting the attention of students which results in a decrease in learning motivation and an impact on the low learning outcomes. The use of a scientific approach is rightly seen to have an influence on motivation and can improve learning outcomes. This study emphasizes the influence of the scientific approach and learning motivation on the learning outcomes of students in the subjects of Al-Qur'an-Hadist. The research method uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The population in this study were all students MTsN in Trenggalek Regency. The sample in this study amounted to 104 students. Data analysis used is description analysis and inferential analysis. From the results of this study, there is a positive and significant influence between the scientific approach and learning motivation towards the learning outcomes of the Al-Qur'an-Hadist subjects in MTsN Trenggalek Regency. The scientific approach has an effect of 18.7% and learning motivation has an effect of 17.8%. Together there is a positive and significant interaction between the scientific approach and learning motivation towards student learning outcomes of 21.5%.
Live imaging of mouse embryos during pre-implantation and peri-implantation development
Authors: Christodoulou Neophytos , Weberling Antonia , Zernicka-Goetz Magdalena
Published: August 2019

Live visualisation of embryo development is a powerful tool for scientists to understand how morphogenetic events shape the embryo. Here, we report on a culturing technique that allows live imaging of pre- and peri-implantation mouse embryos throughout the process of blastocyst to egg cylinder transition, enabling single cell tracking and delineation of the tissue dynamics accompanying this morphogenetic stage. At the same time, this protocol can be used for pharmacological manipulations of mouse embryos.
Achieving blood pressure control targets in hypertensive patients of rural China – A pilot randomized trial
Authors: Huang Xiao , Liu Lishun , Song Yun , Gao Lan , Zhao Min , Bao Huihui , Qin Xianhui , Wu Yanqing , Wu Qinghua , Bi Chonglei , Yue Aiping , Fang Chongqian , Ma Hai , Cui Yimin , Tang Genfu , Li Ping , Zhang Yan , Li Jianping , Wang Binyan , Xu Xiping , Wang Hong , Parati Gianfranco , Spence J. David , Wang Xiaobin , Huo Yong , Chen Guangliang , Cheng Xiaoshu
Published: August 2019

Background
This study aimed to test the feasibility and titration methods to achieve specific BP control targets in hypertensive patients of rural China.
Methods
A randomized, controlled, open-label trial was conducted in Rongcheng, China. We enrolled 105 hypertensive participants who were randomly assigned to one of three systolic BP target groups: standard: 140 - < 150mmHg; moderately intensive: 130 - < 140mmHg; and intensive: <130mmHg. Patients were followed for 6 months.
Discussion
This randomized trial showed feasibility and safety of the titration protocol to achieve desirable SBP targets (<150, <140, and <130mmHg) in a sample of rural Chinese hypertensive patients. This trial gained real world experience and laid the foundation for a future large-scale BP target study.
Developing an educational intervention based on the Social Marketing Model and evaluating its effects on healthy breakfast and snack consumption among female adolescent students: a mixed method study
Authors: Bastami Fatemeh , Zamani-Alavijeh Fereshteh , Mansourian Marjan , mostafavi firoozeh
Published: August 2019

Background

Skipping breakfast and replacing it with non-nutritious snacks are progressively increasing among adolescents. This study aimed to develop an educational intervention based on The Social Marketing Model and evaluate its effects on healthy breakfast and snack consumption among female adolescent students.

Methods

This mixed method study was conducted in 2016–2018 in two phases. In the first phase, a qualitative study was conducted through directed content analysis in guidance schools in Khorramabad, Isfahan, and Tehran, Iran, to explore factors affecting breakfast consumption. The results of this phase were set in the benchmarks of the Social Marketing Model. In the second phase, a randomized controlled trial was conducted based on the benchmarks of the Social Marketing Model on 94 students randomly recruited from guidance schools in Khorramabad, Iran.

Results

The findings of the qualitative phase were categorized into the benchmarks of the Social Marketing Model, namely the social marketing mix, the intended behavior, internal and external competing factors for behavior modification, theoretical concepts related to the behavior, and the role of supporters. In the quantitative phase, the univariate modeling showed significant between-group differences concerning the product, price, promotion, and behavior (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Healthy breakfast and snack consumption can be promoted through making acceptable the tastes, costs, preparations, and consumption places of breakfast and snack.
Applied Anatomy of Pelvic Lymph Nodes and Its Clinical Significance for Prostate Cancer:A Single-Center Cadaveric Study
Authors: Jia-Jun Chen , Zai-Sheng Zhu , Yi-Yi Zhu , Hong-Qi Shi
Published: August 2019

Background Pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) is one of the most important steps in radical prostatectomy (RP). Not only can PLND provide accurate clinical staging to guide treatment after prostatectomy but PLND can also improve the prognosis of patients by eradicating micro-metastases. However, reports of the number of pelvic lymph nodes have generally come from incomplete dissection during surgery, there is no anatomic study that assesses the number and variability of lymph nodes. Our objective is to assess the utility of adopting the lymph node count as a metric of surgical quality for the extent of lymph node dissection during RP for prostate cancer by conducting a dissection study of pelvic lymph nodes in adult male cadavers.
Methods All 30 adult male cadavers underwent pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND), and the lymph nodes in each of the 9 dissection zones were enumerated and analyzed.
Results A total of 1267 lymph nodes were obtained. The number of lymph nodes obtained by local PLND was 4-22 (14.1±4.5), the number obtained by standard PLND was 16-35 (25.9±5.6), the number obtained by extended PLND was 17-44 (30.0±7.0), and the number obtained by super-extended PLDN was 24-60 (42.2±9.7).
Conclusions There are substantial inter-individual differences in the number of lymph nodes in the pelvic cavity. These results have demonstrated the rationality and feasibility of adopting lymph node count as a surrogate for evaluating the utility of PLND in radical prostatectomy, but these results need to be further explored.
Difficulties of social networks building in international medical students: a qualitative study
Authors: Li Yuping , Lu Guangyu , Wang Zhengbing , Liang Jingyan , Yan Bingchun , Lu Wei , Yang Lin , Wang Xiaohong , Chen Qi
Published: August 2019

Background: The number of international medical students studying in China has largely increased over the past decades. However, few studies have addressed the difficulties that the international medical students face and there is a dearth of information on understanding the difficulties these students confront during their social integration in host countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the international medical students’ difficulties to build social networks during their studying overseas.
Methods: This study was designed primarily with the aim of enhancing understanding of the International Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) students’ difficulties in social networks building. 26 MBBS students from year-3 and year-4 were asked by the question: what are the difficulties to establish the social networks you face? Thematic analysis was conducted by MAXQDA.
Results: The result of the individual interviews revealed that language barriers, (lack of) communication skills, personality factors, intercultural differences and study pressure were key factors that hindered the MBBS students’ adaptation to the Chinese culture and social networks building in China.
Conclusions: This study reveals several potential coping strategies which could promote the social inclusion and cultural integration of the MBBS students, including providing interactive language training programs, organizing diverse programs enhancing intercultural communication, maintaining strong support networks and endeavoring the MBBS students to actively engage themselves in their learning and living environments. In conclusion, the provision of interactive learning environments, diverse social network opportunities and, moreover, maintaining social support and nurturing cultural integration, would greatly promote social integration and benefit international medical students.
Testing non-inferiority of blended versus face-to-face Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for severe fatigue in patients with Multiple Sclerosis and the effectiveness of blended booster sessions aimed at improving long term outcome following both therapies: – study protocol for two observer-blinded randomized clinical trials
Authors: de Gier Marieke Houniet- , Beckerman Heleen , Vliet Kimberley van , Knoop Hans , de Groot Vincent
Published: August 2019

Background Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been found effective in reducing fatigue severity in MS patients directly following treatment. However, long-term effects are inconsistent leaving room for improvement. In addition, individual face-to-face CBT draws heavily on limited treatment capacity, and the travel distance to the treatment centre can be burdensome for patients. Therefore, we developed “MS Fit”, a blended CBT for MS-related fatigue, based on a face-to-face CBT protocol found effective in a previous study, and “MS Stay Fit”, internet-based booster sessions to improve long term effectiveness of CBT for MS-related fatigue. This paper presents the protocol of two Randomised Clinical Trials (RCTs) conducted within one study investigating 1) the non-inferiority of MS Fit compared to evidence-based face-to-face CBT for MS-related fatigue, and 2) the effectiveness of MS Stay Fit on the long-term outcome of fatigue compared to no booster sessions. Methods/design The first part of this study is an observer-blinded non-inferiority multicentre RCT, in which 166 severely fatigued MS patients will be randomized (1:1 ratio, computer-generated sequence) to either face-to-face CBT or blended CBT (MS Fit) for fatigue. The primary endpoint is at 20 weeks after baseline. After this post-treatment assessment, patients will be randomized again (1:1 ratio, computer generated sequence) to either MS Stay Fit consisting of 2 booster sessions at 2 and 4 months after end of treatment, or no booster sessions. The primary endpoint of the second study is 52 weeks after baseline. Primary outcome measure in both studies is fatigue severity assessed with the fatigue severity subscale of the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS20r). Outcomes will be assessed at baseline (T0), end of treatment (T20), after 39 and 52 weeks (T39 and T52). Discussion If MS Fit is found to be non-inferior to face-to-face CBT it will improve the accessibility of this treatment. In addition, the study aims to test if it is possible to improve long-term effectiveness of CBT for MS-related fatigue with MS Stay Fit.
Relationships of Internet Gaming Reasons to Biological Indicators and Risk of Internet Gaming Addiction in Korean Adolescent Male Game Users
Authors: Kim Nahyun , Kim Mi Ja , Hughes Tonda L. , Kwak Hyeweon , Kong In Deok
Published: August 2019

Background: There are no standard diagnostic criteria or interventions for internet gaming addiction (IGA) even though IGA is one of the most pervasive public health issues among youth worldwide. Internet gaming reasons or motivations have been studied as a potential predictor of IGA, but the results have been inconsistent and biological indicators of gaming reasons have rarely been studied. We sought to (1) identify categories of internet gaming reasons, (2) examine the relationship of gaming reasons to risk of IGA, and (3) describe biological indicators of gaming reasons.

Methods: We used a multi-phase cross-sectional design including individual interviews; focus group discussion; and descriptive, comparative analysis. Fifteen Korean adolescent male internet gamers participated in individual interviews and eight participated in a focus group aimed at identifying reasons for internet gaming. Using the identified gaming reasons from these sources we surveyed 225 adolescent game users using a self-report questionnaire. Participants provided blood samples for assessment of norepinephrine (NE) and serum cortisol.

Results: We identified four major categories of internet gaming reasons: entertainment, getting along with friends, stress relief, and habitual gaming. The habitual group showed significantly greater risk of IGA than the other groups (p<.001) and the lowest plasma NE levels (p=.035), possibly indicating an alteration in autonomic function.

Conclusion: Health care providers are encouraged to screen adolescents for excessive internet gaming and to intervene with those who report habitual gaming behaviors. When feasible, assessment of biological indicators, such as plasma NE, may help to identify youth at greatest risk of IGA.
Social networks and quality of life among female breast cancer patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialzed Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2019
Authors: Aberaraw Rahle , Yeshambel Addisu , Boka Abdisa , Teshome Roza
Published: August 2019

Background

Breast cancer is a major life-threatening public health problem in the world. It is the most common form of cancer among women in many developing countries including Ethiopia. Social networks could change the course of cancer and can influence the quality of life among breast cancer patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess social networks and quality of life among female breast cancer patients attending in Tikur Anbassa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2019.

Methods

An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from March to April 2019. A total of 214 female breast cancer patients were included and systematic sampling method was used. A structured and pre-tested questionnaire was used. Data entry was done using epi data-manager version 4.2. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25. Binary and multiple logistic regression was used to show the association of social networks and quality of life. The strength of association was declared P-value <0.05 and 95%CI was used.

Result

A total of 214 women with breast cancer were recruited. The mean age was 41.85. Among total participants, 13(6%), 65(30%) and 136(64%) had limited, medium and diverse social networks respectively. Whereas, 198(92.52%) of them had affected quality of life. Participants who were illiterate were more likely to have affected quality of life by 3 times than who were more educated (AOR=3, 95%CI: 1.3,6.9, COR=4.8) and who had systematic therapy side effects were more likely to have affected QoL by 3.8 times than who had no systemic therapy side effect (AOR=3.8, 95%CI: 1.1,13, COR=4).

Conclusion and recommendation

In this study finding quality of life in breast cancer was low. Healthcare providers especially working at oncology department need to focus on addressing side effects of therapy and social networks which may help to improve quality of life of women with breast cancer.
The influence of cognitive schemas on the mixed anxiety-depressive symptoms of breast cancer patients
Authors: Bredicean Ana Cristina , Crăiniceanu Zorin , Oprean Cristina , Rivis Ioana Alexandra , Papavă Ion , Secosan Ica , Frandes Mirela , Giurgi-Oncu Catalina , Grujic Daciana
Published: August 2019

Background

The surgical treatment of breast cancer involves various psychological consequences, which differ according to individual characteristics. Our study aimed to identify the role that cognitive schemas had in triggering anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients diagnosed with breast cancer that underwent oncological and plastic surgery treatment.

Methods

64 female patients, diagnosed with breast cancer from an Oncology and Plastic Surgery Hospital, were selected to participate in this study between March-June 2018. They were divided into two groups: I. 28 patients who underwent mastectomy surgery; II. 36 patients, who required mastectomy and, subsequently, chose to undergo breast reconstruction surgery. We employed two assessment scales: the YSQ-S3 Cognitive Schema Questionnaire and the DASS-21 Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale.

Results

We concluded that participants who underwent mastectomy and breast reconstruction surgery employed cognitive schemas that did not generate symptoms of depression or anxiety. In contrast, the cognitive schemas found in the group of women who refused reconstructive breast surgery significantly correlated with the presence of anxiety-depressive symptoms. The cognitive schema domain of ‘disconnection and rejection' did not correlate reliably with the presence of anxiety-depressive symptoms for the group with breast reconstruction (Spearman's r = 0.091, p = 0.644), while for the other group the correlation was moderate-strong (Spearman’s r = 0.647, p < 0.01). Negative emotional schemas correlated significantly with the presence of anxiety-depressive symptoms (Spearman's r = 0.598, p < 0.01) in the group of participants without reconstructive surgery.

Conclusion

A correct identification of dysfunctional cognitive schemas and coping mechanisms at the commencement of the combined treatment in breast cancer patients could serve as an indicator for the evolution of their mental health, therefore assisting professionals in establishing the most suitable psychological, psychotherapeutic and psychiatric intervention plan.
Perioperative poor grip strength recovery is associated with 30-day complication rate after cardiac surgery discharge in middle-aged and older adults- an observational study
Authors: Fu Liyuan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Shao Bohan , Liu Xiangjing , Yuan Bo , Wang Zhengqing , Chen Tienan , Liu Zhigang , Liu Xiaocheng , Guo Qi
Published: August 2019

Background: Although perioperative care during heart surgery has improved considerably, the rate of postoperative complications has remained stable. It has not been concluded how to better apply grip strength to clinical, postoperative complications. So our study aimed at researching the best way for using grip value for predicting early postoperative complications.
Methods: Consider a total of 212 people with mean age 63.8±6.3 who underwent cardiac surgery included participated in our study. We analyzed the ROC curve of grip strength, grip/weight and grip recovery with complications, found the best cutoff point. Logistic regression confirmed the correlation between grip strength grouping and complications.
Results: We found that 36 people had 30-day complications. EuroSCORE were 2.15±1.52 and 2.42±1.58 in two groups. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of grip recovery take the most area (0.837, p<0.001), and the cutoff point was 83.92%. In logistic regression, lower grip recovery has higher risk impact on 30-day complications for 25.68 times than normal group, after adjusted surgery-related factors. After relisted characteristic information with grip recovery group, found that percentage of the estimated 6MWD (41.5 vs 48.3, p=0.028) and hospitalization time (7.2 vs 6.1, p=0.042) had worse trends in lower recovery group.
Conclusions: Poor grip recovery may be related to higher risk of postoperative complications within 30 days after cardiac surgery in middle-aged and older people independent of surgical risk. The results of this study provide a reference for the development of rehabilitation programs in the early postoperative recovery, and may also be a prognostic indicator for postoperative high-risk groups.
The impact of worksite nutrition and physical activity interventions on productivity, work performance and workability: A Systematic Review
Authors: Grimani Aikaterini , Aboagye Emmanuel , Kwak Lydia
Published: August 2019

Background

Healthy lifestyles play an important role in the prevention of premature death, chronic diseases, productivity loss and other social and economic concerns. However, worksite interventions to address issues of fitness and nutrition which include work-related outcomes are complex and thus challenging to implement and appropriately measure the effectiveness of. This systematic review investigated the impact of worksite nutrition and physical activity interventions, which include components aimed at worksite’s physical environment and organizational structure, on employees’ productivity, work performance and workability.

Methods

A systematic review that included randomized controlled trials and or non-randomized controlled studies was conducted. Medline, EMBASE.com, Cochrane Library and Scopus were searched until September 2016. Productivity, absenteeism, presenteeism, work performance and workability were the primary outcomes of our interest, while sedentary behavior and changes in other health-related behaviors were considered as secondary outcomes. Two reviewers independently screened abstracts and full-texts for study eligibility, extracted the data and performed a quality assessment using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk-of-Bias Tool for randomized trials and the Risk-of-Bias in non-randomized studies of interventions. Findings were narratively synthesized.

Results

Thirty-nine randomized control trials and non-randomized controlled studies were included. Nearly 28% of the included studies were of high quality, while 56% were of medium quality. The studies covered a broad range of multi-level and environmental-level interventions. Fourteen worksite nutrition and physical activity intervention studies yielded statistically significant changes on absenteeism (n=7), work performance (n=2), workability (n=3), productivity (n=1) and on both workability and productivity (n=1). Two studies showed effects on absenteeism only between subgroups.

Conclusions

The scientific evidence shows that it is possible to influence work-related outcomes, especially sickness absence, positively through health promotion efforts that include components aimed at the workplace’s physical work environment and organizational structure. In order to draw further conclusions regarding work-related outcomes in controlled high-quality studies, long-term follow-up using objective outcomes and/or quality assured questionnaires are required.

Registration number

PROSPERO CRD42017081837
Conflitos socioambientais na área de abrangência do Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, Piauí, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Brasileiro Derly Pereira , Medeiros Larissa Cavalcanti de S. , Souza Larissa Regis de , Correia Maria Luíza Dias , Morais Palloma Damascena , Gonçalves Vandermond do Nascimento , Nunes Mariana Muniz , Alves Isis Tamara Lopes de Sousa , Souza Bartolomeu Israel de , Lucena Reinaldo Farias Paiva de
Published: August 2019

Trata o presente estudo sobre a verificação e análise relacionadas às relações existentes entre as comunidades e os vários aspectos envolvendo o Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades (PN7C), localizado no Estado do Piauí, Nordeste do Brasil, incluindo sua área de abrangência, os órgãos oficiais do governo e os aspectos legais e ambientais atinentes a essa unidade de conservação. Partindo de uma metodologia com base nas pesquisas bibliográficas que envolvem o tema, na legislação ambiental brasileira, o texto dá azo e condições para o aprofundamento dos estudos nessa temática que possam contribuir com os estudiosos no assunto, notadamente quando se percebe a existência de um conjunto de fatores que podem influenciar a existência de conflitos socioambientais na região do PN7C, como fiscalização dos órgãos ambientais, normas e limitações quanto ao uso dos recursos naturais existente na região.
Stem cell activity in the repair of cardiovascular tissues
Authors: Cevallos Alejandra , Solórzano Abigail
Published: August 2019

Stem cells can become different types of cells and have the potential to divide and self-renew. There are two types of stem cells, first the embryonic stem cells and second the adult stem cells, both help in regeneration or repair tissues of an organism, for this reason, the stem cells are being used to renew the world of medicine. Stem cells are obtained from three sources: the first can be our own body that where certain organs still have some cells still not completely differentiated. The second source is the embryos when they are in the blastocyst phase (between five to fourteen days from conception), and the third source can be in the cells of the skin, liver or another cell type that have been modified to behave like embryonic stem cells. With this therapy, we would find ourselves before an inexhaustible source to repair the tissues and organs that were damaged in our bodies. One of the main causes of mortality in heart failure, but with the help of cell therapy has been studied the repair of cardiac tissue with the stem cell transplant. The objective of the cellular transplantation is that the transplanted cells in the heart tissue manage to regenerate, renewed, and repair any part of the heart tissue damaged.
Hospital-Based Back Surgery: Geospatial-Temporal, Explanatory, and Predictive Models
Authors: Fulton Lawrence , Kruse Clemens Scott
Published: August 2019

Background

Hospital-based back surgery in the United States increased by 60% from January 2012 to December 2017, yet the supply of neurosurgeons remained relatively constant. During this time, adult obesity grew by 5%.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the demand and associated costs for hospital-based back surgery by geolocation over time to evaluate provider practice variation. The study then leveraged hierarchical time series to generate tight demand forecasts on an unobserved test set. Finally, explanatory financial, technical, workload, geographical, and temporal factors as well as state-level obesity rates were investigated as predictors for the demand for hospital-based back surgery.

Methods

Hospital data from January 2012 to December 2017 were used to generate geospatial-temporal maps and a video of the Current Procedural Terminology codes beginning with the digit 63 claims. Hierarchical time series modeling provided forecasts for each state, the census regions, and the nation for an unobserved test set and then again for the out-years of 2018 and 2019. Stepwise regression, lasso regression, ridge regression, elastic net, and gradient-boosted random forests were built on a training set and evaluated on a test set to evaluate variables important to explaining the demand for hospital-based back surgery.

Results

Widespread, unexplained practice variation over time was seen using geographical information systems (GIS) multimedia mapping. Hierarchical time series provided accurate forecasts on a blind dataset and suggested a 6.52% (from 497,325 procedures in 2017 to 529,777 in 2018) growth of hospital-based back surgery in 2018 (529,777 and up to 13.00% by 2019 [from 497,325 procedures in 2017 to 563,023 procedures in 2019]). The increase in payments by 2019 are estimated to be US $323.9 million. Extreme gradient-boosted random forests beat constrained and unconstrained regression models on a 20% unobserved test set and suggested that obesity is one of the most important factors in explaining the increase in demand for hospital-based back surgery.

Conclusions

Practice variation and obesity are factors to consider when estimating demand for hospital-based back surgery. Federal, state, and local planners should evaluate demand-side and supply-side interventions for this emerging problem.