bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Parental Monitoring in Mediating the Link Between Adolescent ADHD Symptoms and Risk-Taking Behavior
Authors: Pollak Yehuda , Poni Bella , Gershy Naama , Aran Adi
Published: August 2017

Objective: ADHD in adolescents and low level of parental monitoring have been associated with increased risk-taking behavior. The present study examined whether parental knowledge of the child’s whereabouts mediates the correlations between adolescent ADHD symptoms and risk-taking behavior. Method: Ninety-two adolescents and their parents completed questionnaires assessing perceptions of parents’ monitoring, engagement in risk-taking behaviors, and ADHD symptoms. Results: Greater engagement in risk-taking behavior correlated with higher levels of ADHD symptoms and decreased parental monitoring. Mediation analysis revealed both direct effect of ADHD symptoms on risk-taking behavior and an indirect effect mediated by level of parental knowledge. Conclusion: These findings suggest that parental knowledge is negatively affected by the presence of ADHD symptoms, and may in turn lead to risk-taking behavior. The findings emphasize the need to target parenting and in particular parental knowledge of the child’s whereabouts to reduce risk-taking behaviors among youth with ADHD.
Energy absorption in aluminium honeycomb cores reinforced with carbon fibre reinforced plastic tubes
Authors: Alantali A , Alia RA , Umer R , Cantwell WJ
Published: August 2017

The energy-absorbing behaviour of an aluminium honeycomb core reinforced with unidirectional and woven carbon fibre reinforced plastic composite tubes has been investigated experimentally at quasi-static rates of strain. Small diameter carbon fibre reinforced plastic tubes, with chamfered ends, were inserted into the cells of an aluminium honeycomb in order to yield a lightweight energy-absorbing material. The resulting data are compared with crushing tests on arrays of free-standing composite tubes, supported on a specially designed compression test fixture. The study continues with an investigation into size effects in the energy-absorbing response of these cellular materials, where compression tests are undertaken on four scaled sizes of reinforced honeycomb core.

Crushing tests on the multi-tube arrays have shown that woven carbon fibre reinforced plastic tubes absorb significantly greater levels of energy than their unidirectional counterparts. Here, the specific energy absorption did not vary with the number of tubes in the array, with values for the woven tubes averaging 110 kJ/kg and those for the unidirectional tubes averaging 75 kJ/kg. Inserting composite tubes into aluminium honeycomb served to increase the measured specific energy absorption of the core, resulting in values of specific energy absorption of up to 100 kJ/kg being recorded in the woven-based system. Tests on four scaled sizes of core have shown that the measured SEA does not vary with specimen size, indicating that data generated on small samples can be used to represent the energy-absorbing response of larger, more representative components.
Medical Decision-Making Processes and Online Behaviors Among Cannabis Dispensary Staff
Authors: Peiper Nicholas C , Gourdet Camille , Meinhofer Angélica , Reiman Amanda , Reggente Nicco
Published: August 2017

Background:

Most cannabis patients engage with dispensary staff, like budtenders, for medical advice on cannabis. Yet, little is known about these interactions and how the characteristics of budtenders affect these interactions. This study investigated demographics, workplace characteristics, medical decision-making, and online behaviors among a sample of budtenders.

Methods:

Between June and September 2016, a cross-sectional Internet survey was administered to budtenders in the San Francisco Bay Area and Greater Los Angeles. A total of 158 budtenders fully responded to the survey. A series of comparisons were conducted to determine differences between trained and untrained budtenders.

Results:

Among the 158 budtenders, 56% had received formal training to become a budtender. Several demographic differences were found between trained and untrained budtenders. For workplace characteristics, trained budtenders were more likely to report budtender as their primary job (74% vs 53%), practice more than 5 years (34% vs 11%), and receive sales commission (57% vs 16%). Trained budtenders were significantly less likely to perceive medical decision-making as very important (47% vs 68%) and have a patient-centered philosophy (77% vs 89%). Although trained budtenders had significantly lower Internet usage, they were significantly more likely to exchange information with patients through e-mail (58% vs 39%), text message (46% vs 30%), mobile app (33% vs 11%), video call (26% vs 3%), and social media (51% vs 23%).

Conclusions:

Budtenders who are formally trained exhibit significantly different patterns of interaction with medical cannabis patients. Future studies will use multivariate methods to better determine which factors independently influence interactions and how budtenders operate after the introduction of regulations under the newly passed Proposition 64 that permits recreational cannabis use in California.
The prognosis following amphetamine poisoning
Authors: Horwitz Henrik , Dalhoff Kim P. , Klemp Marc , Horwitz Anna , Andersen Jon T. , Jürgens Gesche
Published: August 2017

Aims: This study investigated the long-term mortality following poisoning by amphetamine or substituted amphetamines. Furthermore, we examined the social problems and somatic and psychiatric co-morbidity related to amphetamine poisoning, and their impact on the long-term survival. Methods: We identified amphetamine poisoned patients from the Danish Poison Information Centre database and correlated their personal identification numbers with seven Danish national registries related to different social and health aspects. For each case, we sampled 100 age and gender matched controls from the background population. Results: From August 2006 to December 2013 we identified 1444 patients (70% males) who experienced amphetamine poisoning; 52% of the cases were classified as mixed poisonings and the average age at first contact was 24.8 years (SD 8.6). The prevalence of psychiatric disorders, HIV, viral hepatitis, and previous prison incarceration was approximately 10 times higher than among healthy controls. After seven years 11% were deceased as opposed to 0.6% in the control group, and 64% of the patients died from unnatural causes. Male gender (HR 2.29, 95% CI (1.07-4.90)), age (HR 1.06, 95% CI (1.03-1.09)), opioid dependence (HR 2.88, 95% CI (1.42-5.85)), schizophrenia (HR 3.09,95% CI (1.63-5.86)), affective disorders (HR 2.65, 95% CI (1.44-4.90)) and HIV (HR 5.45, 95% CI (1.19-24.90)) were associated with a high mortality. Furthermore, a significant proportion of these patients experienced social and health related deterioration in the years following poisoning. Conclusions: Amphetamine poisoning is associated with a poor long-term prognosis and is complicated by additional social and health related issues.
Listen before you leap: Sri Lankan health professionals’ perspectives on m-health
Authors: Han Kyung Jung , Subramanian Roma , Cameron Glen T
Published: August 2017

Given the increasingly widespread use of mobile phones in the developing world, the application of this technology for healthcare (also referred to as m-health) has tremendous potential. However, there is a need for more research on factors that influence the sustainable and scalable adoption of m-health in developing countries. To fill this gap, in this study, drawing on the theory of diffusion of innovation, we conducted in-depth interviews with 29 health professionals in Sri Lanka to understand their views on the benefits and barriers to adopting m-health. Participants had mixed views on the adoption of this technology. Reasons for m-health adoption included efficiency and usefulness in emergency situations. Barriers to adoption included risks for miscommunication/misinterpretation and lack of systems/policies for implementing m-health technology. With regard to the innovation-decision process, most participants appear to be in the stages of “persuasion” and “decision”; with regard to degree of innovativeness, interviewees comprise a mix of “early adopters” and “laggards.” Assuming mobile health apps afford improvements in health outcomes for developing countries, contextual factors in each national setting should inform design and implementation of m-health interventions.
Fault detection enhancement in wind turbine planetary gearbox via stationary vibration waveform data
Authors: Abouel-seoud Shawki A
Published: August 2017

Planetary gearbox fault diagnosis is very important for reducing the downtime, maintenance cost, and for improving the safety, reliability, and lifespan of wind turbines. The present work reports the results concluded by long-term experiments to a defected planetary gearbox system, with a transverse cut with a depth of 1.0 mm and thickness of 0.2 mm to simulate the planetary gearbox component crack. For each defect, recordings every 60.0 min were acquired and a total of 7 recordings (∼ 6.0 h of test duration) were resulted until the termination of the test. Fault is assured by increasing the test period to the point of where the remaining metal in the tooth area has enough stress to be in the plastic deformation region. An experimental procedure is developed to assess the severity of the gearbox component fault. Gearbox components faults of cracked planet gear tooth, cracked planet gears carrier, and cracked main bearing inner race were tested under accelerated fault conditions, where a comparative analysis of condition monitoring indicators for various crack detection has been done. The experimental localized fault signals (vibration acceleration signals) were subjected to the same diagnostic techniques such as spectrum comparisons, spectral kurtosis analysis, skewness analysis, and crest factor analysis. The method is validated on a set of seeded localized faults on all gears and components: sun gear, ring gear, etc. The results look promising, where the root mean square value analysis could be a good indicator when compared with the other indicators in terms of early detection and characterization of faults.
Nonlinear vibration control with nanocapacitive sensor for electrostatically actuated nanobeam
Authors: Gong Qingmei , Liu Canchang , Xu Yingzi , Ma Chicheng , Zhou Jilei , Jiang Ruirui , Zhou Changcheng
Published: August 2017

The model of a clamped–clamped Euler–Bernoulli beam is presented in order to study nonlinear vibration control of electrostatically actuated nanobeam with nanocapacitive sensor, considering primary and superharmonic resonances. The capacitance of nanobeam capacitor changes with the nanobeam deformation. The nanocapacitive sensor is applied to extract vibration signals and to transform enlarged signals into controller to control nanobeam vibrations. The method of multiple scales is used to obtain the first-order approximate solutions and derive the amplitude–frequency equation. The nonlinear vibration characteristics and amplitude–frequency response of nanobeam vibration system are studied under different excitation voltage, feedback gains, and damping. The relationships between amplitude and system parameters are discussed in detail. The presented analytical and numerical simulations show that dynamic response of nanobeam is stable when the appropriate parameters are chosen. This investigation provides a better understanding of the nonlinear vibration of nanoelectromechanical systems devices based on nanobeam.
Unidentified narrative objects: Approaching instant history through experiments with literary journalism in Beppe Sebaste’s H. P. Lady Diana’s Last Driver and Frédéric Beigbeder’s Windows on the World
Authors: Willman Kate
Published: August 2017

The subjects of the two texts analysed in this article are two highly significant recent historical events: the death of Lady Diana in a car crash after being chased by paparazzi on 31 August 1997 and the attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City on 11 September 2001, which are addressed by the Italian writer Beppe Sebaste and the French writer Frédéric Beigbeder, respectively. An analysis of each text shows that they not only examine the events in question through reportage, but they are also strongly personal and subjective. Both texts also put forward literary writers to help ‘read’ extensively mediated events, provoking reflection on how news travels and is mediated in increasingly immediate ways in today’s world, while also harking back to New Journalism. They could be called ‘unidentified narrative objects’, a label I borrow from the Italian writer Roberto Bui, alias Wu Ming 1, who has applied it to a corpus of recent Italian texts (including that of Sebaste), that combine modes of writing – such as journalism, history, detective fiction and life-writing – often blurring the boundaries between fiction and nonfiction, in order to more effectively draw their readers’ attention to the national and global issues they address. Here, I extend the term unidentified narrative objects beyond Italy’s borders to the work of Beigbeder and others, suggesting that such hybridity is connected to how we process the world around us today and a new iteration of literary journalism.
Separating damage from environmental effects affecting civil structures for near real-time damage detection
Authors: Soo Lon Wah William , Chen Yung-Tsang , Roberts Gethin Wyn , Elamin Ahmed
Published: August 2017

Analyzing changes in vibration properties (e.g. natural frequencies) of structures as a result of damage has been heavily used by researchers for damage detection of civil structures. These changes, however, are not only caused by damage of the structural components, but they are also affected by the varying environmental conditions the structures are faced with, such as the temperature change, which limits the use of most damage detection methods presented in the literature that did not account for these effects. In this article, a damage detection method capable of distinguishing between the effects of damage and of the changing environmental conditions affecting damage sensitivity features is proposed. This method eliminates the need to form the baseline of the undamaged structure using damage sensitivity features obtained from a wide range of environmental conditions, as conventionally has been done, and utilizes features from two extreme and opposite environmental conditions as baselines. To allow near real-time monitoring, subsequent measurements are added one at a time to the baseline to create new data sets. Principal component analysis is then introduced for processing each data set so that patterns can be extracted and damage can be distinguished from environmental effects. The proposed method is tested using a two-dimensional truss structure and validated using measurements from the Z24 Bridge which was monitored for nearly a year, with damage scenarios applied to it near the end of the monitoring period. The results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method for damage detection under changing environmental conditions. The method also works despite the nonlinear effects produced by environmental conditions on damage sensitivity features. Moreover, since each measurement is allowed to be analyzed one at a time, near real-time monitoring is possible. Damage progression can also be given from the method which makes it advantageous for damage evolution monitoring.
The Pedicled Latissimus Dorsi Flap Provides Effective Coverage for Large and Complex Soft Tissue Injuries Around the Elbow
Authors: Hacquebord Jacques H. , Hanel Douglas P. , Friedrich Jeffrey B.
Published: August 2017

Background: The pedicled latissimus flap has been shown to provide effective coverage of wounds around the elbow with an average size of 100 to 147 cm2 but with complication rates of 20% to 57%. We believe the pedicled latissimus dorsi flap is an effective and safe technique that provides reliable and durable coverage of considerably larger soft tissue defects around the elbow and proximal forearm. Methods: A retrospective review was performed including all patients from Harborview Medical Center between 1998 and 2012 who underwent coverage with pedicled latissimus dorsi flap for defects around the elbow. Demographic information, injury mechanism, soft tissue defect size, complications (minor vs major), and time to surgery were collected. The size of the soft tissue defect, complications, and successful soft tissue coverage were the primary outcome measures. Results: A total of 18 patients were identified with variable mechanisms of injury. Average defect size around the elbow was 422 cm2. Three patients had partial necrosis of the distal most aspect of the flap, which was treated conservatively. One patient required a secondary fasciocutaneous flap, and another required conversion to a free latissimus flap secondary to venous congestion. Two were lost to follow-up after discharge from the hospital. In all, 88% (14 of 16) of the patients had documented (>3-month follow-up) successful soft tissue coverage with single-stage pedicled latissimus dorsi flap. Conclusions: The pedicled latissimus dorsi flap is a reliable option for large and complex soft tissue injuries around the elbow significantly larger than previous reports. However, coverage of the proximal forearm remains challenging.
Written Examinations in Swedish Medical Schools: Minds Molded to Medicate?
Authors: Krachler Benno , Jerdén Lars , Lindén Christina
Published: August 2017

Lifestyle medicine (LM) is part of official educational goals in Swedish medical schools. We studied questions concerning 5 noncommunicable diseases: diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and stroke from 124 written examinations conducted between 2012 and 2015. LM knowledge yielded between 2% and 10%, whereas pharmacology-related knowledge yielded between 24% and 50%, of total points. The multiples at which pharmacology-related knowledge was valued higher than LM knowledge were 2.4 for COPD (P < .056), 4.3 for diabetes (P < .0001), 4.8 for hypertension (P < .0001), 5.2 for CHD (P < .0001), and 31.5 for stroke (P < .0001). Our results indicate that lifestyle-related knowledge, though covered by official teaching goals, is currently underrated in Swedish medical education.
Insertion rates and complications of central lines in the UK population: A pilot study
Authors: Wong Adrian VK , Arora Nitin , Olusanya Olusegun , Sharif Ben , Lundin Robert M , Dhadda A , Clarke S , Siviter R , Argent M , Denton Gavin , Dennis Anna , Day Angela , Szakmany Tamas ,   The First Intensive Care National Audit Project (ICNAP-1) group
Published: August 2017

Background

Central venous catheters are inserted ubiquitously in critical care and have roles in drug administration, fluid management and renal replacement therapy. They are also associated with numerous complications. The true number of central venous catheters inserted per year and the proportion of them associated with complications are unknown in the UK.

Methods

We performed a prospective audit at five hospitals, as a feasibility pilot for a larger, nationwide audit. Using a novel secure online data collection platform, developed earlier and adapted for this project, all central venous catheters inserted for patients admitted to the Intensive Care Units were documented at five pilot sites across the UK.

Results

A total of 117 data collection forms were submitted. Users found the electronic data collection system easy to use. All data fields were ready for analysis immediately after data input. Out of the 117 central venous catheters, 17 were haemodialysis catheters and five pulmonary artery introducers. Experienced practitioners (at least three years’ experience) inserted 85% of the central venous catheters. The site of insertion was the internal jugular vein for 80%, femoral for 12% and subclavian for 8% of central venous catheters. Most central venous catheters were inserted in ICU (49%) or theatres (42%). Ultrasound was used for 109 (93%) of central venous catheter insertions and its use was not associated with fewer complications. In 15 cases venopuncture was attempted more than once (all with ultrasound) and this was associated with significantly increased risk of complications. There were eight immediate complications (6.8%): five related to venopuncture and inability to pass a guidewire, two carotid artery punctures and one associated with significant arrhythmia.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the ease and feasibility of collecting detailed descriptive data on central line insertion and its immediate complications in the UK over two weeks. In our proposed nationwide audit, organisation-level data on local policies and standard operating procedures is required to complete the picture on this important aspect of intensive care practice.
Participatory theatre and mental health recovery: a narrative inquiry
Authors: Torrissen Wenche , Stickley Theo
Published: August 2017

Aims:

To identify the potential relationship between participation in theatre and mental health recovery. To give voice to the stories told by participants of Teater Vildenvei, a theatre company that has been part of the rehabilitation programme for mental health service users in Oslo since 1995.

Methods:

Twelve narrative interviews were conducted among participants of Teater Vildenvei, and the data were subject to a narrative analysis process following the philosophy of Paul Ricoeur and the specific methods of thematic, event and relational analysis as identified by Riessman.

Results:

The narratives are considered in the theoretical light of the mental health recovery framework as identified by Leamy et al. Each participant had experienced a transformation in identity; the sense of belonging within the group was perceived as highly important to their mental health; engagement with the theatre company gives people something meaningful to do, a sense of hope and individuals feel empowered.

Conclusions:

This narrative inquiry gave opportunity for participants to elaborate on their stories of their engagement with Teater Vildenvei. It is through the richness of the data that the depth of the significance of meaning that people ascribe to their stories demonstrates the potential power of participatory theatre for mental health recovery. Because of its effects, people make life-changing and life-saving claims.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Brazilian Protected Areas Under Climate Change
Authors: Caten Cléber Ten , Lima-Ribeiro Matheus de Souza , da Silva Nelson Jorge , Moreno Ana Karolina , Terribile Levi Carina
Published: August 2017

Climate change can lead to a geographic range shift of species in the future, which might challenge a species to maintain viable populations with lower dispersal abilities over time. Therefore, protecting stable habitats is important for the conservation of these species. Herein, we assess the effectiveness of the Brazilian protected areas to preserve the rare and threatened coral snake Micrurus brasiliensis and explore the occurrence of stable habitat areas through its geographic distribution at the end of 21st century. We used ecological niche modeling to generate the potential distribution of the species in the present, and then projected its distribution to past and future climatic scenarios. We assessed whether Brazilian reserves would encompass suitable habitats in the future and proposed areas in which conservation efforts could be directed based on habitat stability (refugia) over time. Our findings show that the potential distribution of M. brasiliensis have shifted over the time, and there is an expected decrease of more than 60% in the amount of suitable areas in the future. The protected areas will contain climatically less suitable areas in the future. We strongly suggest expanding the existing reserve network as well as the creation of corridors between protected areas, allowing the dispersal of M. brasiliensis, enhancing the opportunities for preserving viable populations in the long term.
Forging Multidisciplinary Collaboration to Improve Mental/Behavioral Health
Authors: Vaughn Wanda M. , Bunde Paula K. , Remick-Erickson Kara , Rebeck Shelby , Denny Darla
Published: August 2017

Five Johnson and Johnson fellows validated the lack of communication regarding students with mental/behavioral health issues and took a leadership position within their school district to address the problem. An open-ended survey revealed inconsistent and fragmented support given to students with mental/behavioral health concerns. A multidisciplinary task force was formed consisting of stakeholders including district and nondistrict community members. The procedure for district staff to address students’ behavioral/mental health concerns was adapted by representatives from all stakeholders and was distributed district wide and uploaded to the district’s staff website for general access. Training of district employees in Youth Mental Health First Aid has provided the foundation for communicating and implementing a standardized approach for identifying, responding, and referring students with mental/behavioral health concerns. Open dialog, better communication and understanding of disciplines, and more initiatives aimed at improving the mental health of all students has resulted from the collaboration started with this initiative.
A Universal Anaphylaxis Emergency Care Plan: Introducing the New Allergy and Anaphylaxis Care Plan From the American Academy of Pediatrics
Authors: Pistiner Michael , Mattey Beth
Published: August 2017

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening emergency. In the school setting, school nurses prepare plans to prevent an emergency, educating staff and students on life-threatening allergies. A critical component of any emergency plan is a plan of care in the event of accidental ingestion or exposure to an antigen to prevent the sequelae of untreated anaphylaxis. A universal anaphylaxis emergency care plan developed by the American Academy of Pediatrics and reviewed by NASN offers an opportunity for schools, family, and health care providers to use one standard plan and avoid confusion. The plan and benefits of use are described in this article.
A Full-Time Nurse for Every School: A Call to Action to Make It Happen
Authors: Nikpour Jacqueline , Hassmiller Susan
Published: August 2017

In June 2016, the American Academy of Pediatrics released its new policy statement recommending a full-time registered nurse in every school building. Indeed, increasing attention is being focused on school nursing, in part due to recent legislation, including the Affordable Care Act, the Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act, and the Every Student Succeeds Act. Advocating for nursing practice within an education setting presents unique challenges in terms of changing the common perception of school nurses, variances in funding streams for school nursing, and the ability to link health outcomes with educational outcomes. The purpose of this article is to discuss the rationale for a school nurse in every building along with presenting action steps that individual and groups of school nurses can utilize to advocate for a full-time registered nurse in every school.
What Does Evidence-Based School Nursing Practice Even Mean? Get a CLUE
Authors: Maughan Erin D. , Yonkaitis Catherine F.
Published: August 2017

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a phrase used frequently in nursing, policy, and education. This article explains three components of EBP, why it is important for school nursing, barriers to practicing EBP, and solutions to practicing EBP. This article is the first in a series of articles for NASN School Nurse that will delve into what EBP is and how it applies to school nursing using practical examples.
Midostaurin: a novel therapeutic agent for patients with FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia and systemic mastocytosis
Authors: Gallogly Molly M. , Lazarus Hillard M. , Cooper Brenda W.
Published: August 2017

The development of FLT3-targeted inhibitors represents an important paradigm shift in the management of patients with highly aggressive fms-like tyrosine kinase 3-mutated (FLT3-mut) acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Midostaurin is an orally administered type III tyrosine kinase inhibitor which in addition to FLT3 inhibits c-kit, platelet-derived growth factor receptors, src, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor. Midostaurin is the first FLT3 inhibitor that has been shown to significantly improve survival in younger patients with FLT3-mut AML when given in combination with standard cytotoxic chemotherapy based on the recently completed RATIFY study. Its role for maintenance therapy after allogeneic transplantation and use in combination with hypomethylating agents for older patients with FLT3-mut has not yet been defined. Midostaurin also has recently been shown to have significant activity in systemic mastocytosis and related disorders due to its inhibitory effect on c-kit bearing a D816V mutation. Activation of downstream pathways in both of these myeloid malignancies likely plays an important role in the development of resistance, and strategies to inhibit these downstream targets may be synergistic. Incorporating patient factors and tumor characteristics, such as FLT3 mutant to wild-type allele ratios and resistance mutations, likely will be important in the optimization of midostaurin and other FLT3 inhibitors in the treatment of myeloid neoplasms.
Foul Weather Friends: Enabling Movement Alliance through an Intentionally Limited Coalition
Authors: Pullum Amanda
Published: August 2017

While social movement organizations often work in alliance with other groups, relatively little has been written about coalitions that are intentionally limited in nature. In this study, I begin to address this gap in the literature through analysis of the successful campaign to defeat Idaho’s Propositions 1, 2, and 3 in 2011–2012. The campaign brought together the Idaho Education Association—the state’s K-12 education workers’ union—and Idaho Parents and Teachers Together, an organization made up of community members who opposed the new education reform laws. The intentionally limited nature of this alliance allowed for strategic separation between organizations, which provided some immunity from opponents’ arguments, lessened the costs of entering into a partnership, and promoted broad-based framing of shared claims and goals. This research challenges previous conceptions of social movement coalitions as long lasting or necessarily built upon preexisting social networks. I call for further research on intentionally limited coalitions, as findings could have applications for both scholars and activists.
Neutral tumor evolution in myeloma is associated with poor prognosis
Authors: Johnson David C. , Lenive Oleg , Mitchell Jonathan , Jackson Graham , Owen Roger , Drayson Mark , Cook Gordon , Jones John R. , Pawlyn Charlotte , Davies Faith E. , Walker Brian A. , Wardell Christopher , Gregory Walter M. , Cairns David , Morgan Gareth J. , Houlston Richard S. , Kaiser Martin F.
Published: August 2017

Key Points

A significant proportion of MM is dominated by neutral evolutionary dynamics. Neutral MM tumors are characterized by shorter survival, consistent with reduced sensitivity to drugs targeting the MM microenvironment.
TGF-β–induced intracellular PAI-1 is responsible for retaining hematopoietic stem cells in the niche
Authors: Yahata Takashi , Ibrahim Abd Aziz , Muguruma Yukari , Eren Mesut , Shaffer Alexander M. , Watanabe Nobuo , Kaneko Satoko , Nakabayashi Tetsuo , Dan Takashi , Hirayama Noriaki , Vaughan Douglas E. , Miyata Toshio , Ando Kiyoshi
Published: August 2017

Key Points

TGF-β–induced intracellular PAI-1 regulates the balance of HSPCs localization between BM and periphery. Intracellular PAI-1 inhibits Furin-dependent maturation of MT1-MMP in HSPCs, resulting in the suppression of HSPC motility.
Hematopoietic stem cell involvement in BCR-ABL1–positive ALL as a potential mechanism of resistance to blinatumomab therapy
Authors: Nagel Inga , Bartels Marius , Duell Johannes , Oberg Hans-Heinrich , Ussat Sandra , Bruckmueller Henrike , Ottmann Oliver , Pfeifer Heike , Trautmann Heiko , Gökbuget Nicola , Caliebe Almuth , Kabelitz Dieter , Kneba Michael , Horst Heinz-August , Hoelzer Dieter , Topp Max S. , Cascorbi Ingolf , Siebert Reiner , Brüggemann Monika
Published: August 2017

Key Points

BCR-ABL1–positive cells outside the B-lineage compartment are found in 40% of adult patients with BCR-ABL1–positive BCP-ALL. Selection of preexisting CD19– subclones is a potential source of tumor escape after CD19-targeted therapies in adult Philadelphia chromosome–positive ALL.
What Motivates Biology Instructors to Engage and Persist in Teaching Professional Development?
Authors: McCourt Jill S. , Andrews Tessa C. , Knight Jennifer K. , Merrill John E. , Nehm Ross H. , Pelletreau Karen N. , Prevost Luanna B. , Smith Michelle K. , Urban-Lurain Mark , Lemons Paula P.
Published: August 2017

We conducted a study of 19 biology instructors participating in small, local groups at six research-intensive universities connected to the Automated Analysis of Constructed Response (AACR) project ( www.msu.edu/∼aacr ). Our aim was to uncover participants’ motivation to persist in a long-term teaching professional development effort, a topic that is understudied in discipline-based educational research. We interviewed each participant twice over a 2-year period and conducted qualitative analyses on the data, using expectancy-value theory as a framework for considering motivation. Our analyses revealed that motivation among instructors was high due to their enjoyment of the AACR groups. The high level of motivation is further explained by the fact that AACR groups facilitated instructor involvement with the larger AACR project. We also found that group dynamics encouraged persistence; instructors thought they might never talk with colleagues about teaching in the absence of AACR groups; and groups were perceived to have a low-enough time requirement to warrant sustained involvement. We conclude that instructors have persisted in AACR groups because the groups provided great value with limited cost. The characterization of instructor experiences described here can contribute to a better understanding of faculty needs in teaching professional development.
Impact of Genetic Ancestry on Outcomes in ECOG-ACRIN-5103
Authors: Schneider Bryan P. , Shen Fei , Jiang Guanglong , O’Neill Anne , Radovich Milan , Li Lang , Gardner Laura , Lai Dongbing , Foroud Tatiana , Sparano Joseph A. , Sledge George W. , Miller Kathy D.
Published: August 2017

Purpose

Racial disparity in breast cancer outcomes exists between African American and white women in the United States. We have evaluated the impact of genetically determined ancestry on disparity in efficacy and therapy-induced toxicity for patients with breast cancer in the context of a randomized, phase III adjuvant trial.

Methods

This study compared outcomes between 386 patients of African ancestry (AA) and 2,473 patients of European ancestry (EA) in a randomized, phase III breast cancer trial, ECOG-ACRIN-5103. The primary efficacy end point, invasive disease–free survival (DFS), and clinically significant toxicities were compared, including anthracycline-induced congestive heart failure, taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy (TIPN), and bevacizumab-induced hypertension.

Results

Overall, AAs had significantly inferior DFS ( P = .002; hazard ratio, 1.5) compared with EAs. This was significant in the estrogen receptor–positive subgroup ( P = .03), with a similar, nonsignificant trend for those who had triple-negative breast cancer ( P = .12). AAs also had significantly more grades 3 to 4 TIPN (odds ratio [OR], 2.9; P = 2.4 × 10−11) and grades 3 to 4 bevacizumab-induced hypertension (OR, 1.6; P = .02), with a trend for more congestive heart failure (OR, 1.8; P = .08). AAs had significantly more dose reductions in paclitaxel ( P = 6.6 × 10−6). In AAs, dose reductions in paclitaxel had a significant negative impact on DFS ( P = .03), whereas in EAs, dose reductions did not have an impact on outcome ( P = .35).

Conclusion

AAs had inferior DFS, with more clinically important toxicities, in ECOG-ACRIN-5103. The altered risk-to-benefit ratio for adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy should lead to additional research with the focus on the impact of genetic ancestry on both efficacy and toxicity. Strategies to minimize dose reductions in paclitaxel, especially as the result of TIPN, are warranted for this population.
SERCA directs cell migration and branching across species and germ layers
Authors: Bower Danielle V. , Lansdale Nick , Navarro Sonia , Truong Thai V. , Bower Dan J. , Featherstone Neil C. , Connell Marilyn G. , Al-Alam Denise , Frey Mark R. , Trinh Le A. , Fernandez G. Esteban , Warburton David , Fraser Scott E. , Bennett Daimark , Jesudason Edwin C.
Published: August 2017

Branching morphogenesis underlies organogenesis in vertebrates and invertebrates, yet is incompletely understood. Here, we show that the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ reuptake pump (SERCA) directs budding across germ layers and species. Clonal knockdown demonstrated a cell-autonomous role for SERCA in Drosophila air sac budding. Live imaging of Drosophila tracheogenesis revealed elevated Ca2+ levels in migratory tip cells as they form branches. SERCA blockade abolished this Ca2+ differential, aborting both cell migration and new branching. Activating protein kinase C (PKC) rescued Ca2+ in tip cells and restored cell migration and branching. Likewise, inhibiting SERCA abolished mammalian epithelial budding, PKC activation rescued budding, while morphogens did not. Mesoderm (zebrafish angiogenesis) and ectoderm (Drosophila nervous system) behaved similarly, suggesting a conserved requirement for cell-autonomous Ca2+ signaling, established by SERCA, in iterative budding.
Elevated temperature and acclimation time affect metabolic performance in the heavily exploited Nile perch of Lake Victoria
Authors: Nyboer Elizabeth A. , Chapman Lauren J.
Published: August 2017

Increasing water temperatures due to anthropogenic climate change are predicted to negatively impact the aerobic metabolic performance of aquatic ectotherms. Specifically, it has been hypothesized that thermal increases result in reductions in aerobic scope (AS), which lead to decreases in energy available for essential fitness and performance functions. Consequences of warming are anticipated to be especially severe for warm-adapted tropical species as they are thought to have narrow thermal windows and limited plasticity for coping with elevated temperatures. In this study we test how predicted warming may affect the aerobic performance of Nile perch (Lates niloticus), a commercially-harvested fish species in the Lake Victoria basin of East Africa. We measured critical thermal maxima (CTmax) and key metabolic variables such as AS and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) across a range of temperatures, and compared responses between acute (3-day) exposures and 3-week acclimations. CTmax increased with acclimation temperature, however 3-week acclimated fish had higher overall CTmax than acutely-exposed individuals. Nile perch also showed the capacity to increase or maintain high AS even at temperatures well beyond their current range, however acclimated Nile perch had lower AS compared to acutely-exposed fish. These changes were accompanied by lower EPOC, suggesting that drops in AS may reflect improved energy utilization after acclimation, a finding that is supported by improvements in growth at high temperatures over the acclimation period. Overall, the results challenge predictions that tropical species have limited thermal plasticity, and that high temperatures will be detrimental due to limitations in AS.
Revisiting the phylogeny of phylum Ctenophora: a molecular perspective
Authors: Arteaga-Figueroa Luis A. , Sánchez-Bermúdez Valentina , Franco-Sierra Nicolás D.
Published: August 2017

The phylogenetic relationships of deep metazoans, specifically in the phylum Ctenophora (inside and outside the phylum), are not totally understood. Several loci (protein coding and ribosomal RNA) from organisms belonging to this phylum are currently available on public databases (e.g. GenBank). Previous studies take into account the ribosomal data and the protein data separately. In this study, we perform a meta-analysis of previously published data together. The published data of this phylum have been used in previous phylogenetic analyses inside the phylum and consist in nuclear ribosomal data, such as 18S, 5.8S, ITS1, ITS2, and protein-coding markers such as NFP (non-fluorescent protein).

Previous studies concentrate their efforts toward the analyses of ribosomal data or the protein-coding marker separately. Now we take into account these markers together for an upgrade of the phylogenetic analysis of this phylum. We also test several markers such as 28S, IPNS, Tyrosine aminotransferase and HLH domaincontaining protein for the improvement of the study. This markers were analyzed by Bayesian Inference (MrBayes) and Maximum Likelihood (Garli and RAxML), individually and concatenated, showing improvement in the orders placement and presenting new interesting relationship between the paraphyletic order Cydippida and the other ctenophores. These analyses also include sequences from undescribed species that have been reported in GenBank which improved the alignment matrices and support values of some nodes. Adding the undescribed species suggests interesting and well supported clades, the posterior identification of this species would led to an improvement on the ctenophore’s taxonomy.
Cutaneous vasculitis in children: A nationwide epidemiological study in Spain
Authors: Riancho-Zarrabeitia Leyre , Santurtún Ana
Published: August 2017

Background: Cutaneous vasculitis (CV) are a complex group of conditions in children, of which IgA vasculitis (IgAV) is the most common. The objectives of the current study are to describe the incidence of CV in Spain and to analyze the temporal trend in the last 11 years, as well as it seasonal distribution.

Methods: Hospital discharges of patients aged 0-18 years with a diagnosis consistent with CV in Spain from 2005 to 2015 were collected from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics (INE) databases.  

Results: A total of 7304 patients from January 2005 to December 2015 were included; 6991 patients (95%) had a diagnosis of IgAV. The yearly incidence in the whole group was 7.7 per 100,000. Mean age at diagnoses was 6±3 years and 52% were male. The highest rate of admissions was found in the 5-9 year-old group, followed by those with 0-4 years of age (15.7 and 9.0 admissions per 100.000, respectively). Admissions due to CV followed an annual cyclic pattern, with the highest number of daily admissions during fall and winter months and the lowest number in summer months. There was an overall downwards trend of the number of hospital admissions during the period of study, in both males and females (p=0.01).

Conclusions: We have estimated an incidence of a 7.7 cases per 100,000 CV in children in Spain. CV-related hospitalization rates have a marked seasonal pattern, with a peak in fall and winter and a nadir in summer months. Children between 5 and 9 years of age are most frequently affected. There is a decreasing trend in CV-related hospitalization, the causes of which should be further assessed.
Regional economy: manual
Authors: Никифоров  , Nikiforov Aleksandr
Published: August 2017

In the manual the theory and methodology of regional economy are stated, the conceptual framework is opened it, foreign experience is lit. The regional system of national economy of Russia from positions of investment processes, the markets, competitiveness, demography, finance, environmental management, state regulation, economic security is considered. It is prepared according to the Federal state educational standard of the higher education in the Economy direction (a bachelor degree, the Finance and Credit profile). It is intended for students of economic higher education institutions and faculties, it can be recommended to employees of regional services of state bodies.
Treatment of a class II malocclusion complicated by digit-sucking
Authors: Shargill Inderjit , Woodhead Peter , Morris David O
Published: August 2017

This article describes the management of a 12-year-old girl who presented with a Class II division 1 incisor relationship on a Class II skeletal base with an overjet of 10 mm and a thumb-sucking habit. This patient was treated with a modified Herbst appliance to correct the Class II skeletal pattern and break her thumb-sucking habit.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: It is important to recognize a digit-sucking habit early as this needs to be eliminated prior to starting orthodontic treatment. This can complicate treatment of patients who require treatment with functional appliances.
Managing the transverse dimension
Authors: Brierley Catherine A , Sandler Jonathan
Published: August 2017

The management of transverse discrepancies is one of the most challenging aspects of high quality orthodontic treatment. There are many different methods of managing the transverse dimension. We will outline the indications, advantages and disadvantages of these methods.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Transverse discrepancies are a common malocclusion which clinicians need to be able to manage.
The aberrant second premolar
Authors: Mittal Tarun K , Atack Nikki E , Williams Julie C , Puryer James S , Sandy Jonathan R , Ireland Anthony J
Published: August 2017

Second premolars are one of the last successional teeth to erupt in the maxillary and mandibular arches. Early loss of primary teeth or first permanent molars can lead to disrupted eruption of these teeth. This article gives an overview of the possible aetiology and treatment of the aberrant second premolar.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Awareness of the possible sequelae of unerupted second premolars is important in diagnosis and treatment planning.
A Parametric Study Of The Parameters Governing Flow Incidence Angle Tolerance For Turbomachine Blades
Authors: Liu Melody
Published: August 2017

Performance metrics quantifying the efficiency of various turbomachinery blades aid in the development of an optimal blade design. In this study, a metric was created to investigate the performance of 48 different compressor blades created with Octave and MISES software. Three input parameters were varied: leading edge radius, the location of maximum blade thickness, and the number of blades in a blade row. The objective was to determine which of these parameters most strongly affects the average loss and incidence range for the blade row. After a sensitivity analysis of the three input parameters was conducted, it was found that the number of blades had the largest effect on blade performance, followed by the leading edge geometry and lastly the location of maximum thickness. Les indicateurs de performance qui mesurent les ef cacités de plusieurs pales utilisées dans les turbomachines aident le développement d’une conception optimale des pales. Dans cet article, un indicateur a été créé pour étudier la performance de 48 pales de compresseurs axiaux différents qui ont été faites avec les logiciels Octave et MISES. Trois paramètres d’entrés ont été examinés : le rayon du bord d’attaque, l’endroit de l’épaisseur maximale de la pale et le nombre de pales dans la rangée. L’objectif était de déterminer lequel parmi ces paramètres a l’effet le plus important sur la perte moyenne et la gamme de l’incidence de la rangée de pales. Après une analyse de sensibilité des trois paramètres, les résultats ont montré que le nombre de pales dans la rangée a eu l’effet le plus important sur la performance des pales, suivie par la géométrie du bord d’attaque et en n l’endroit de l’épaisseur maximale.