bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consumption of selected foods by adolescents in Gdynia as determinants of health behaviour: a pilot study
Authors: Mikulec Anna , Platta Anna , Żukowska Agnieszka
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study was to assess the dietary habits of adolescents aged 15–18 years, including thefrequency of consumption of products that are an important source of dietary fibre, saturated fatty acids andproducts containing nutrients recommended for the prevention of depression, as well as the self-assessmentof the study group regarding the frequency of symptoms characteristic of depression, including depressionand/or irritability and the ability to concentrate. Purposive group selection was used. The empirical study wasconducted in 2022 in a group of adolescents (n = 242) attending secondary schools in Gdynia. Three aspects ofdietary behaviour were assessed using the food frequency questionnaire method: 1. Consumption of productsthat are important sources of dietary fibre; 2. Consumption of products high in saturated fats or importantsources of dietary fat; 3. Consumption of selected foods containing nutrients recommended for the preventionof depression. The study results presented are limited by the small sample size and scope of the study. However,the analysis of the consumption of selected food groups by the respondents showed that gender, BMI, anddietary habits have an impact on the type of selected foods consumed by adolescents and, therefore, on thesatisfaction of individual nutrient requirements and the occurrence of symptoms characteristic of depression:depression and/or irritability. It is useful and legitimate to carry out research on the nutritional behaviour ofadolescents, since there is an established need to take action in the field of health and to pay more attention tothe mental and physical state of adolescents and their parents (families).
Analysis of factors influencing initiation and continuation of breastfeeding in a group of Polish mothers
Authors: Sadowska Joanna , Augustynowicz Sara
Published: December 2024

Recommendations for healthy infant nutrition emphasise exclusive breastfeeding during the first6 months of an infant’s life. The report “Breastfeeding in Poland” showed that 98% of newborns were fed withtheir mother’s milk in the first days of life. Unfortunately, later on, the percentage decreased significantly to aslow as 46% in the 6th week of the infant’s life.The study was aimed at identifying factors which favoured the commencement and continuation ofbreastfeeding in a selected group of women. The survey was conducted in 2017–2022. The data were acquiredduring face-to-face interviews and by sharing a relevant questionnaire on social media. Complete data setswere obtained from 754 women with children aged 0.5–3 years. The study found 98% of the women to havemade an attempt to breastfeed their babies. The factors conducive to breastfeeding were: the mother’s ageof >19 years, having older children, and natural childbirth at term. On the other hand, the factors conduciveto the continuation of breastfeeding in the sixth month of a child’s life were: the mother’s age of >26 years,a good financial situation, the mother’s poorer education, having older children, natural childbirth at term,breastfeeding starting no later than the first day after birth, and lactation guidance. In the study group, lactationcounselling resulted in breastfeeding being continued throughout the first six months of a child’s life. Thecounselling should especially target women who are younger (<26 years), better educated, experiencing a poorfinancial situation, giving birth to their first child, and delivering prematurely by caesarean section.
Polish Consumers’ Perception of Plant-Based Alternatives
Authors: Sajdakowska Marta , Gębski Jerzy , Jeżewska-Zychowicz Marzena , Gutkowska Krystyna , Kosicka-Gębska Małgorzata
Published: December 2024

The study aimed to diagnose to what extent consumers know and consume plant-based alternativesand how they perceive them. The study was carried out on a nationwide sample of adult Poles (N = 1003)between June and September 2023. The CAWI method was used to collect data (Computer Assisted WebInterview). The results of our research indicate that the main association for meat alternatives was “soyproducts”, while for milk alternatives, it was “plant-based drinks”. At the same time, the analysis of the resultsof our research has shown that meat and milk alternatives belong to a group of products that can be consideredrather unrecognizable by Polish consumers and have less positive associations. Among the recommendationsfor producers and processors of this category of food, it is worth pointing out that – along with the growingoffer of alternatives – multi-channel communication with consumers should be used. This communicationshould be addressed in two ways: (1) to all consumers to interest them in this category of products and (2) topotential customers who know or are intentionally looking for meat and milk alternatives.
Prevalence and Correlates of Diabetes Distress in Pregnant Individuals With Preexisting Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tschirhart Holly , Usman Ali Muhammad , Yost Jennifer , A. Nerenberg Kara , Landeen Janet , Sherifali Diana
Published: December 2024

Background. Managing preexisting diabetes during pregnancy requires considerable self-management skills to achieve recommended glycemic targets and reduce fetal and obstetrical risks. Given the demands during this time, many individuals may experience diabetes distress. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of diabetes distress and associated clinical factors of diabetes distress during pregnancy. Research Design and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 36 pregnant participants with type 1 diabetes and 40 pregnant participants with type 2 diabetes. Assessments of diabetes distress, the primary outcome, were performed, along with assessments of depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, self-management, and patient care satisfaction. Linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine predictors of diabetes distress scores and positive diabetes distress. Results. The prevalence of diabetes distress was 22.4%. Age ≥35 years of age and higher education levels were significantly associated with scores on the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale, which measures diabetes-related emotional distress (decreases of 10.18 and 11.77 points, respectively, P = 0.04). Living with others was associated with a reduction in PAID score by 21.56 points (P = 0.05) and the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness (PACIC) total score as well as PACIC goal-setting, and problem-solving/contextual counseling subscale scores were each associated with a decrease of ~4 points in PAID score (P <0.05). Having a common-law partner or spouse, comorbid depression, depressive symptoms, and depression scores were all significantly associated with increased PAID scores (P <0.05). Conclusion. The prevalence of diabetes distress in pregnancy is similar to estimates for nonpregnant adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, based on limited pregnancy literature. Further research is needed to establish diabetes distress rates using a validated tool for pregnancy to understand whether diabetes distress affects obstetrical and fetal outcomes and how diabetes distress levels can be alleviated in this population.
A Comprehensive Approach to Treating Acne in Adolescents
Authors: Kibitska Hanna
Published: December 2024

This article examines the efficacy of a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of acne in teenagers, which may often
be associated with depressive symptoms accompanied by low self-esteem and social adaptation difficulties. The research
centers on the complex interaction of a dermatologist, a cosmetologist and a psychologist to improve a patient's psychological
and emotional well-being, which is of great importance when undergoing acne treatment. Research data analysis has shown
that the combination of medical, cosmetological and psychotherapeutic methods does not only contribute to acne symptoms
reduction but also assures the improvement of mental state, thus creating a positive self-perception and helps patients
considerably reduce acne-related stress levels. It is particularly important for adolescents, whose initial self-awareness,
self-esteem and body image are just being established. Apart from improving physical properties of skin, the application of
psychotherapy alongside dermatological treatment and cosmetic procedures helps patients understand their feelings better
and accept their medical condition, which is crucial for successful treatment. Unlike standard methods, the comprehensive
approach facilitates a significant reduction of treatment duration and substantially lowers the rate of relapse, which, in turn,
proves its high efficacy and feasibility of application in clinical practice.
PROBLEMAS E SOLUÇÕES NA GESTÃO DE EMENDAS PARLAMENTARES EDUCACIONAIS NO BRASIL
Authors: Silva Edmilson Suassuna da , Schettini Renata Gasparini , Santos Ricardo Cardoso dos , Santos Waldir Jorge Ladeira dos
Published: December 2024

Este estudo analisa as discrepâncias na execução de emendas parlamentares voltadas à educação no Brasil entre 2019 e 2023, com base em dados do SIAFI para identificar desafios e propor soluções. Foram evidenciados problemas estruturais, como burocracia excessiva, falta de planejamento estratégico e mudanças frequentes nas prioridades governamentais. Esses fatores levaram à interrupção de projetos, desperdício de recursos e aumento das desigualdades regionais. Em 2023, 45% das emendas priorizaram a infraestrutura escolar, enquanto áreas como capacitação docente e tecnologia educacional receberam menos atenção, revelando uma alocação desequilibrada. Disparidades regionais na capacidade de execução dos recursos também contribuíram para ampliar desigualdades no acesso à educação de qualidade. O estudo propõe soluções como melhorias no planejamento orçamentário com o uso de tecnologias avançadas, implementação de mecanismos de ajuste flexível, capacitação de gestores, simplificação da burocracia e maior transparência, por meio de plataformas de dados abertos. As recomendações visam fortalecer a gestão pública, promovendo uma educação mais justa e inclusiva para todos.
Military Law in the Legal System of Ukraine: Conceptual Dimensions
Authors: Harasymiv Taras
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The article defines the theoretical, methodological and practical principles of military law as a separate branch of law and clarifies its place and role in the legal system of Ukraine. It was determined that military law is a system of universally binding norms, formally defined rules of conduct in the military-public sphere, which are established, protected and provided by the state and regulate social relations related to the activities of the military organization of society and are aimed at ensuring the protection of the state , sovereignty, territorial integrity. The main features of military law are normativity, formal certainty, obligation, regularity, procedurality, connection with the state, systematicity. In general, the structure of military law indicates its systemic unity, as a result of which the ontological features of this complex field of law are manifested, insisting on the fact of its existence and doctrinal certainty. Structural elements of military law have their own regulatory component. Provisions of one or more laws, normative acts, including military orders, international agreements, separate court decisions, which introduced law enforcement norms into the practice of legal regulation; norms of customary law fill the institutional formations of military law with content.
It has been proven that military law is a system of universally binding norms, formally defined rules of conduct in the military-public sphere, which are established, protected and provided by the state and regulate social relations related to the activities of the military organization of society and are aimed at ensuring the protection of the state , sovereignty, territorial integrity. The main features of military law are normativity, formal certainty, obligation, regularity, procedurality, connection with the state, systematicity. Therefore, the formation and development of the concept of military law of Ukraine shows that military law is objectified in legal reality and requires an epistemological study of its essence, social functions, prospects, implementation of scientific forecasting, ensuring regulatory influence on important processes that take place in the military-public sphere in the conditions of Russia's military aggression, which poses a direct threat to national security. Military law is an integral complex formation of the integral system of Ukrainian law, therefore, scientific research in this area should be continued in this direction.
Keywords: national law; modern Ukrainian law; legal norms; branch of law; legal system; military law; military; military formations; constitutional rights; rights of military personnel.
Problem Aspects of Termination of Business Activities by Individual Entrepreneurs in Ukraine
Authors: Harasymiv Taras , Antsyferova Mariia
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The article includes the definition and systematization of the main reasons and consequences that encourage entrepreneurs to stop their activities, the analysis of the legislative framework that regulates this process, as well as the development of recommendations for improving legal conditions to minimize the negative consequences of the cessation of activities for business entities and the country's economy in general .
In particular, the issue of termination of business activities of individual entrepreneurs in Ukraine is investigated, emphasizing its relevance due to economic, legislative, social and tax aspects. The article examines major economic changes, such as globalization and technological development, that force entrepreneurs to adapt or cease operations, affecting the economy and the legal sphere. Analysis of legislation reveals innovations in the regulation of this process and their effectiveness.
Emphasis is placed on understanding and legal aspects of termination of economic activity of an individual entrepreneur, in particular, voluntary and forced termination are distinguished. It is established that most authors describe this process as a complex legal procedure with various legal consequences and discuss the problems of imperfection of legislation in the context of modern trends towards the unification of legal norms.
In addition, the article covers the issue of classification of the grounds for termination of the activity of an individual entrepreneur depending on the will of the owners and the legality of the process, with an emphasis on social and legal realities that shape business practice in Ukraine.
It is concluded that the termination of entrepreneurial activity by a natural person-entrepreneur is a legal process regulated by numerous regulatory documents, in particular the Civil Code of Ukraine and other legislative acts. Termination of activity can be initiated by the entrepreneur himself or due to forced circumstances, such as bankruptcy. This analysis is important for understanding the processes governing the termination of the FOP, and can serve as practical material for lawyers, entrepreneurs, and law students.
Keywords: Civil Code of Ukraine; Economic Code of Ukraine; subjects of economic activity; termination of business entity activity; natural persons-entrepreneurs; liquidation; termination.
Motives of a Person’s Criminal Behavior
Authors: Koval Maria , Soroka Svitlana
Published: December 2024

Abstract. It has been found that the motives of a person's criminal behavior are psycho-socio-criminological motivational properties that direct a person's activity into the illegal plane in order to realize personal aspirations and illegal behavior.
A person can be motivated by many reasons and circumstances for criminal behavior, but all of them, except for the state of affect, should not be an excuse for such an act, although in certain situations they can become circumstances that mitigate the punishment. In order to recognize a motive as an aggravating or mitigating circumstance, it is necessary to determine how objective and conscious a person's decision to commit a crime was, because the motives for committing certain actions characterize the psychological essence of a person.
It is emphasized that it is not possible to form an exclusive classification of the motives of a person's criminal behavior, because the civilizational development of mankind forms new spheres of social activity in which a person realizes his lawful and, unfortunately, unlawful behavior. Criminal activity is characterized by motivational features. In jurisprudence, a number of features and essential approaches to determining the motive of the crime are determined. The conceptual bases for understanding the motives of criminal behavior are based on psychological and social factors.
It is noted that potentially every person can commit a crime at a certain time and under certain circumstances. It is important to understand motivation, external and internal factors that influenced a person. That is why criminal law theory and practice interacts with legal psychology, using conceptual theories of personality development and motivation for the formation of its behavior. This kind of interaction makes it possible to maximally avoid making unfounded conclusions and decisions regarding the motivation of a person's criminal behavior.
Attention is focused on the fact that the formation of a person's personality and his legal behavior is a complex process that continues throughout life and begins in early childhood. If a person has been influenced by an illegal environment, then, of course, his motivational value orientations will be maximally gravitating towards illegal self-realization. It is important to remember that it is not necessary to brand a person because he has committed illegal actions, but on the contrary, to contribute to the fact that the motivational factors of behavior are directed in a legitimate direction.
Keywords: motive; legal behavior of a person; criminal behavior; motivation; subjective side of the composition of the crime; socio-legal phenomenon; qualifying features.
Key Aspects of Organic Laws in the Context of Meta-Anthropology of Society
Authors: Kovalchuk Vitalii
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Modern global changes require a rethinking of the basic laws of society's functioning in conditions of uncertainty and dynamic social processes. Organic laws, which determine the internal stability and ability of society to adapt, are becoming the object of increased interest among researchers of philosophical and legal science. The study of these laws in the context of meta-anthropology allows us to reveal deeper relationships between social evolution and ontological aspects of human existence, which determines the relevance of the research.
The scientific novelty of this research lies in the synthesis of organic laws of social evolution and the concept of meta-anthropology, which allows us to rethink the patterns of social development in a new way. It is important to analyze the interaction of these laws in the context of modern challenges - environmental, social and economic. The research reveals new possibilities of using organic laws to build harmonious social structures.
The methodological basis of the research is a combination of system analysis and a synergistic approach. The methods of corporate analysis, meta-anthropological approach and socio-philosophical reflection are used, which allow to comprehensively investigate the impact of organic laws on social stability and development.
The lack of detailed research on the interaction of organic laws and metaanthropology determines the novelty and necessity of scientific research.
Starting to highlight the influence of organic laws on the stability and development of society, we will emphasize that organic laws, as systemic principles that ensure harmony and coherence of social relations, play a key role in ensuring the stability and progress of society. Their influence is not limited to moral-ethical or spiritual aspects, but also extends to the economic, political and cultural spheres.
Keywords: organic laws; meta-anthropology of law; society; moral norms; social norms; philosophy.
Collaboration Activities and Assistance to the Aggressor State: Theoretical-Practical Distinction
Authors: Kryzhanovskyi Anatolii , Prodan Kateryna
Published: December 2024

Abstract. This article is dedicated to the analysis of newly introduced provisions in the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which criminalize such offenses as "collaborative activities" and "assistance to the aggressor state." Research into the practices of law enforcement agencies in investigating these crimes has revealed complexity in distinguishing between the aforementioned offenses and related provisions of the same Code that were adopted earlier. This necessitated a deeper analysis of this issue.
The article provides a theoretical analysis of Articles 1111 and 1112 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, demonstrating certain similarities in their formulations. This can be explained by the urgent need for their rapid adoption in light of the international armed conflict initiated by the Russian Federation on February 24, 2024. The legislature, aiming to prevent future offenses by individuals residing in the occupied territories, defined a range of criminally punishable acts but somewhat allowed for tautology and included concepts lacking universally accepted meanings in the process of drafting these provisions. The identified errors in drafting these norms contribute to the complexity of developing judicial practice and correctly applying them in practice.
Against the backdrop of the theoretical analysis of these norms, the authors proposed their differentiation, particularly between Part 4 of Article 1111 and the relevant part of Article 1112, which envisage "voluntary collection, preparation, and/or transfer of material resources or other assets to representatives of the aggressor state." It is suggested to differentiate these nearly identical forms of criminal acts based on the form of possession of material resources and assets or the circle of subjects to whom they are addressed.
Given the aforementioned issues, in July 2022, a bill was introduced to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine proposing amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The project contains a revised version of Article 1111 "Collaborative Activities," which includes an updated list of criminal offenses, including those envisaged in Article 1112 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (the latter is proposed for exclusion). According to the authors, these changes will eliminate all contentious issues regarding the complexity of distinguishing between these and related norms, which in turn will positively affect the work of law enforcement agencies.
Keywords: collaborative activities; assistance to the aggressor state; state treason; occupation authority; occupied territories; armed conflict.
Moral and Ethical Aspects of Police Activity
Authors: Romanova Alona
Published: December 2024

Abstract. It was found that the observance of moral and ethical norms and standards in police activity play a significant role in the formation of the professional culture of the police officer, the development of the internal imperative of duty and full cooperation with citizens based on mutual trust. Compliance with ethical norms and standards of behavior enables police officers to work not only according to the requirements of the letter of the law, but also the spirit of the law.
It is emphasized that in modern society, law enforcement activity is perceived from the position of serving the people, restoring justice, legality and law and order, and the policeman is the personification of high moral virtues and ethical ideals. Serving society requires, first of all, respect for human rights and freedoms, protection of public order, compliance with moral and ethical standards in interaction with the population, and ensuring the rule of law in society.
It is noted that the ethical norms of the police officer's behavior are regulated by the relevant rules and are closely related to disciplinary requirements. The global practice of regulating the ethical aspect in the activities of police officers is quite developed. There are international norms that states take as a basis when forming provisions and statutes that regulate the moral, ethical and disciplinary component of the functioning of the law enforcement system.
Attention is focused on the fact that an important aspect of police activity is the prevention of abuse of rights. At the basis of such negative manifestations of the policeman's behavior as abuse of official position, power is, first of all, abuse of law.
Ideas embedded in the principles of law are important for the formation of legitimate beliefs of a police officer, like any other person, because it is precisely such ideas that reflect the aspirations, the essence of the ideal of the development of a particular society. Worldview culture of a person cannot be fully formed without defining value-legal social ideals.
Keywords: moral norms; ethical norms; professional ethics of a lawyer; ethical codes; value-legal guidelines.
Meta-Anthropological Methodology in the Establishment and Development of International Law
Authors: Sirant Myroslava
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Meta-anthropological methodology expands the boundaries of the traditional understanding of law, including philosophical, cultural and anthropological aspects, which is important for solving modern problems of international law, such as the protection of human rights, conflicts of cultures, migration, environmental issues and global security issues.
The scientific innovation consists in the integration of meta-anthropological methodology into the theory of international law. The article analyzes its influence on the formation of modern law and offers new approaches to solving international legal conflicts. A new view of law as a multi-level and multi-stage system is introduced, which takes into account both positive law, natural law, and anthropological factors in the metaphysical dimension.
Metaanthropological methodology is an approach that combines anthropological, philosophical and legal concepts, the purpose of which is to study the metaphysical dimensions of human nature and their impact on legal systems, in particular international law.
Such a methodology considers a person as not just a socio-legal unit, but as a being that is simultaneously in the physical and metaphysical spheres, as a physical and spiritual person.
Considering transcendentalism, let us emphasize that the existence of metaphysical and spiritual factors influencing legal processes, in particular international law, is recognized. Law not only regulates mutual relations, but also forms spiritual values. Transcendental international law is not the law that has gone beyond the limits of irrationality, but the law that only goes there. Of course, these are rights on the border of rational and irrational, conscious and unconscious, but such a state is necessary to know the real essence of international events. It is impossible to understand international events with a simple, rational mind.
Keywords: meta-anthropological methodology; international law; natural law; anthropology; man; values; culture; morality; freedom; philosophy of law.
Professional Legal Assistance when Resolving Cases in Administrative Courts: Features of Provision and Development Prospects
Authors: Slyvka Maiia , Hrunyk Dmytro
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The article examines the peculiarities of providing professional legal assistance in resolving cases in administrative courts and the prospects for its development. It is noted that today, effective legal protection is difficult to imagine without professional legal assistance. Professional legal assistance includes various aspects and can be implemented through various forms, such as: consultations, explanations, drafting of various documents, including lawsuits, appeals, complaints, as well as representation, in particular before courts and other state bodies. At the same time, the choice of a specific form and the person who provides such assistance depends on the will of the person who needs it.
It is emphasized that the lawyer's participation in administrative proceedings is expressed in his active role in this process, where the main goal is to achieve the best legal result for the client. Representation in court by a lawyer takes place on behalf and in the interests of the person whose side he represents. However, a person who uses the services of a lawyer reserves the opportunity to defend his rights and interests on his own. Representation by a lawyer requires appropriate qualifications and professionalism in providing legal assistance. According to the rules of lawyer ethics, a lawyer must use his knowledge and skills to effectively protect the rights and legitimate interests of his client, complying with the law and promoting the principle of the rule of law and legality.
It was determined that professional legal assistance in administrative proceedings is professional support by a lawyer aimed at protecting the rights and freedoms of a party in a specific administrative case. The main goal is to defend and restore the rights of individuals in the event of their violation by the public administration through decision-making, actions or inaction in the exercise of their powers.
Keywords: lawyer; administrative proceedings; administrative court; resolution of cases in the administrative court; defense, legal assistance; right to professional legal assistance; professional legal assistance.
Forced Migration in the Sphere of International Law
Authors: Tesliuk Yaryna
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The article deals with forced migration in the field of international law. The object of the study is social relations that are formed in the process of legal support of forced migration, legal regulation of the status of refugees and asylum seekers. The subject of the study are the norms of international treaties and conventions of the United Nations, norms of primary and secondary law of the European Union, which regulate the status of forced migrants, internally displaced persons, displaced persons, refugees and asylum seekers. The methods used in the research are: historical, general methods of comparison, analysis and synthesis, systemic and structural approaches, comparative legal, some special and private, as well as formal legal methods. It is noted that the analysis of legal and political acts of the United Nations allows us to assert the formation of an independent direction of international organizations - the field of forced migration and the general international system of asylum and protection. The legal regulation of forced migration is a complex set of norms, principles and institutions that directly or indirectly affect the functioning of the general asylum system and its elements. The array of international legal norms in the field of forced migration can be characterized as a separate independent sub-branch of migration law that regulates heterogeneous social relations that arise and develop in connection with the involuntary nature of migration of foreign citizens or stateless persons, including: in the field of content legal status of migration, determination of those responsible for consideration of requests for international or supplementary protection, reception and accommodation of migrants crossing borders, control and protection in the field of external borders in the context of forced migration.
Keywords: human rights and freedoms; migrant; refugee; ecological migrant; protection; legal status.
International Adoption: Modern Aspects of Legal Regulation
Authors: Chornopyska Victoria , Yarovyk Diana
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The article provides a detailed analysis of the legal regulation of interstate adoption within the framework of international law, in particular, a systematic analysis of the mechanism of adoption of Ukrainian children by foreigners. This study should ensure proper legal certainty regarding the key problems and issues that arise during the implementation of such adoptions, as well as consider the peculiarities of the procedure and principles of adoption in Ukraine. It was noted that adoption, both domestic and international, plays an important role in ensuring the child's right to family upbringing and full development. Ukrainian legislation is aimed at priority placement of children in the families of Ukrainian citizens, which emphasizes the importance of preserving the child's cultural and social ties with his country. Interstate adoption becomes possible only if domestic possibilities are exhausted, which guarantees the protection of children's rights and observance of their interests.
The process of international adoption is complex and multi-stage, in particular due to the need to comply with the requirements of Ukrainian legislation and international standards, such as the Hague Convention. This process involves careful selection of candidates, verification of their eligibility and guarantees the legality of the adoption through a court decision. This approach allows you to minimize risks and ensure the safety and well-being of the child.
The main goal of the legislative regulation of adoption is to provide the child with a stable and safe environment for development in the family, which will be able to satisfy his emotional and physical needs. International adoption, under the conditions of proper verification and transparency of the process, provides an opportunity for children to find loving parents and build a new life. At the same time, cooperation between states and monitoring of compliance with children's rights after adoption remains important to ensure maximum protection of their interests at every stage.
Keywords: adoption; international adoption; foreigners; national legislation; Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine; baby; family; procedure; convention; rights and interests of the child.
Criminal Executive Law During the Period of Martial Law in Ukraine
Authors: Shai Roman
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the functioning of criminal enforcement law in Ukraine during the period of martial law. We mentioned that the criminal law of Ukraine establishes the procedure and conditions for serving criminal punishments in order to protect the interests of the individual, society and the state by creating conditions for correction and resocialization of convicts, prevention of committing new crimes, prevention of torture and inhumane treatment of convicts. In addition, it was found that martial law is a special legal regime that is introduced in Ukraine or its individual localities in the event of armed aggression or a threat of attack, danger to the state independence of Ukraine, its territorial integrity, and provides for the provision of appropriate state authorities, military command, military administrations and local self-government bodies, the powers necessary to avert the threat, repulse armed aggression and ensure national security, eliminate the threat of danger to the state independence of Ukraine, its territorial integrity, as well as temporary, due to the threat, restriction of the constitutional rights and freedoms of a person and citizen and the rights and legal interests of legal entities with an indication of the period of validity of these restrictions. It has been established that in any democratic state, an effective mechanism of criminal enforcement law is necessary, since the number of committed criminal offenses depends on it. It was investigated that in connection with the introduction of martial law in Ukraine, the legislator was forced to make changes to many normative legal acts in order to protect the rights and freedoms of individuals and legal entities. It has been established that during martial law, enforcement of pensions, stipends, etc., is suspended. In addition, we explored certain exceptions and new grounds for suspending enforcement. It was found that the rights of convicted persons during the martial law are quite often violated by Russia. We researched what problems Ukrainian society faced and thought about ways to solve them.
Keywords: criminal law; execution of punishments; martial law; the rights of convicts.
Types of Punishments Applicable to Minors
Authors: Shak Roman , Antsyferova Mariia
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The article examines the types of punishments that can be applied to minors according to the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It is noted that Article 51 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine contains a general list of punishments, while Article 98 establishes a special subsystem of punishments for minors, which includes: a fine, community service, correctional work, arrest and imprisonment for a certain period.
A fine is considered a monetary penalty. The problems of the modern legal definition of the fine and its compliance with reality are emphasized, in particular, regarding the possibility of minors to pay the fine independently without burdening their parents. Community service is analyzed as a punishment with punitive and educational elements aimed at benefiting society. Examples of judicial practice are given and the importance of taking into account the individual characteristics of minors when imposing this type of punishment is emphasized. Correctional work is considered as a punishment that combines the restriction of labor rights and the withholding of a part of earnings. Various scientific approaches to evaluating their effectiveness are discussed, in particular regarding the possibilities of resocialization and reducing the rate of recidivism.
Particular attention is paid to arrest as a form of punishment, the possibility of its application from the age of 16, and discussions about the feasibility of lowering the age threshold to 14 years. Foreign practices are compared and ways of improvement are suggested, including the introduction of house arrest. Deprivation of liberty for a certain period as the most severe punishment for minors, its legal framework and terms of appointment are considered. Proposals to introduce new types of punishment, such as "juvenile restraints", are being discussed for a more flexible and humane approach.
The conclusions emphasize the need for a balance between punishment and rehabilitation of juvenile offenders, the importance of an individual approach and the possibility of improving legislation taking into account modern social conditions and international experience.
Keywords: punishment; minors; fine; community service; correctional work; arrest and imprisonment for a certain period.
An Evidence-Based Update on the Impact of Local Antimicrobials as Adjunct to Periodontal Therapy
Authors: Hussein Nabaz Yahya , Aziz Sadat Abdulla , M. Ways Twana Mohammed , Amiri Omed , Al-Obaidi Hisham , Ford Dianne
Published: December 2024

Local antimicrobials as adjunct to mechanical periodontal therapy have been used widely to enhance the outcome of treatment. However, consensus has yet to be achieved regarding what and how these antimicrobials can be used. Therefore, this narrative review highlights the most common antimicrobials examined and provides an updated analysis of the benefits, limitations, and clinical outcomes associated with use of antimicrobials as adjunct to mechanical periodontal therapy. Based on the evidences gathered, it is clear that combining local antimicrobial agents with scaling and root debridement (SRD) offers significant therapeutic advantages in periodontal therapy and minimizing many side effects linked to systemic antibiotic therapy. Amongst the antimicrobials used, chlorhexidine (CHX) showed the most significant clinical improvement, followed by doxycycline (DOX), tetracycline, and metronidazole (MTZ), all of which helped reduce periodontal bacteria load and improve treatment outcome. CHX demonstrated the greatest clinical improvement due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, strong substantivity, and its application in sustained-release formulations. DOX followed closely in effectiveness, offering a unique advantage through its dual role as both an antimicrobial and a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. Tetracycline, though slightly less effective than DOX, still provided considerable clinical benefits, especially when used in sustained-release systems, despite increasing bacterial resistance in some cases. MTZ showed the lowest clinical improvement among the agents reviewed, but it remains valuable due to its targeted action against anaerobic bacteria, which are prominent in periodontal infections. The findings of this study will help the general practitioners select the most suitable local antimicrobial therapy as adjunct to mechanical periodontal therapy.
Evaluation of Information System Quality on Electronic Memorandum (NDE) System at PT Telkom Indonesia Tbk. Based on ISO/IEC 25010 Standard Dimension Quality in Use (Characteristics: Efficiency, Satisfaction, and Context Coverage)
Authors: Fauziah Rainy Happy Shahisa , Ramadani Luthfi , Rahmad Basuki
Published: December 2024

The role of information technology greatly influences the performance and results obtained by companies and organizations. At the company there is a written official assignment which is usually called a disposition with an official letter called an official memorandum. Official memorandum are made by authorized officials in the context of carrying out duties, functions and responsibilities of official positions addressed to other officials within the internal scope of the organizational unit. PT Telkom Indonesia has a system for digital office note management under the name Electronic Office memorandum (NDE) System. The NDE system has not been evaluated in terms of system quality with ISO/IEC 25010 standards. ISO/IEC 25010:2011 The Quality in Use dimension was chosen because it has characteristics that can be assessed from the user's perspective. The results showed that the quality of the system has a very high value, in terms of efficiency characteristics of 87.05%, satisfaction characteristics of 83.6%, and context coverage characteristics of 85.9%. With the acquisition of values ​​that have been obtained from users, the authors found several features that users still complained about for improvement in the future. Therefore, the authors through this research provide recommendations for future systems.
Research on Factors Affecting the Career Choice Decision of High School Students in Thai Nguyen Province
Authors: Tuan Bui Ngoc
Published: December 2024

This study evaluates factors influencing career choice decisions among high school students in Thai Nguyen province through statistical analysis. Results indicate that crucial factors affecting these decisions include labor market needs, career counseling, family influence, university factors, and personal preferences. Exploratory factor analysis identifies 5 significant factors, explaining 73.68% of data variance. Strong positive correlations are observed between career decisions and factors such as labor market needs, career counseling, family, university factors, and personal preferences. Additionally, a linear regression model predicts that labor market demand, career counseling, and university factors positively and significantly influence career choices, while personal and family influences show weaker correlations. Practical implications of this research include assisting educational institutions, families, and students in comprehending career decisions and formulating effective support strategies.
Development of E-Modules for Problem-Based Science Materials in Class IV of SDN Bunulrejo 04 Malang
Authors: Mariyati Dwiki , Wahjoedi Wahjoedi , Suciptaningsih Oktaviani Adhi
Published: December 2024

This research aims to produce and describe teaching materials in the form of problem-based science e-modules that are valid, practical and effective. This research is a type of research and development with the ADDIE development model, namely Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluate. E-Module for problem-based science material which aims to make it easier for students to study independently, as well as helping students solve problems in science material. The research results show that the e-module was designed using the Canva application, containing science material from semester 1 to semester 2, as well as chapters 1 to chapter 8. Apart from that, it also contains learning outcomes, learning videos, room discussions, practice questions and evaluation questions. The e-module developed meets the criteria of being valid, practical and effective. The level of validity of the material from the e-module developed is 90% with the criteria "Very Valid". Meanwhile, the results of the assessment of the level of validity of the e-module media developed were 88.75% with the criteria "Very Valid". The teacher's assessment of the level of practicality of the e-module being developed was 97% in the "Very Practical" category. The results of the e-module effectiveness questionnaire by students or the student response questionnaire showed an e-module effectiveness level of 92.2%. The average Gain Score obtained was 0.65, which was included in the "Quite Effective" category
Leadership of The Head of The Community Learning Center as A Motivator in Community Learning (Case Study on Papua Sejahtera Community Learning Center in Manokwari Regency)
Authors: Habib Muhammad Rafi Iriawan , Ishaq M. Ishaq , Ahmad Ahmad
Published: December 2024

This study aims to: (1) analyse the advantages of flexible and innovative leaders, (2) analyse the advantages of leaders who are able to manage and organize, and (3) analyse the advantages of leaders who are able to communicate well in ensuring that information about education programs can be conveyed well to the community. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study research type. Data collection methods were conducted using interviews, observations and documentation studies. Data analysis was conducted through the stages of data condensation, data display, and verification and conclusion drawing. The data validity test was carried out using the triangulation method. The results showed that: (1) The head of PKBM Papua Sejahtera has adopted a democratic leadership approach that allows for member participation in decision-making, while also demonstrating flexibility and responsibility towards change. The head of PKBM, evident through his responsiveness to behavioral changes and openness to suggestions and inputs, affirms his commitment to adaptive and sustainable learning, especially in the context of implementing an independent curriculum and online and offline learning during the Covid-19 pandemic, (2) The Head of PKBM Papua Sejahtera applies innovative leadership that integrates various leadership theories, including inclusive and collaborative approaches in decision making, wise task delegation strategies, and handling difficult situations with various strategies, (3) Good and effective communication skills possessed by the Head of PKBM Papua Sejahtera are a key element in the successful management of the education unit. His inclusive communication approach, various means of communication used, and consistency in communication ensure that information is conveyed well and on time to the PKBM community. The honest, transparent, trustworthy and understanding attitude shown by the leadership builds a strong foundation of trust, which then opens up space for openness and positive participation from PKBM members. A holistic approach to conveying information, including the use of various media and in-person interaction, helps ensure communication effectiveness, especially in the face of change or uncertainty. Effective communication is a key driver in creating an enabling environment for the growth, participation and successful management of PKBM. Keywords: Leadership, Motivator, Community Learning