bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Friction Weldability of a High Nb Containing TiAl Alloy
Authors: Xu Xiangjun , Lin Junpin , Guo Jian , Liang Yongfeng
Published: October 2019

The friction weldability of Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-0.2W-0.2B-0.02Y alloy has been investigated by optimizing process parameters and analyzing the microstructures and tensile properties of the joints. The as-cast alloy with a nearly lamellar (NL) microstructure and the as-forged alloys with a duplex (DP) microstructure have been successfully welded. All the joints have a severe deformation zone (SDZ) and a transition zone (TZ) between the parent metal (PM) and SDZ. SDZ, showing a biconcave lens geometry, has a maximum thickness of hundreds of micrometers at the periphery. TZ is hundreds of micrometers thick. All SDZs have a fine-grained DP microstructure with a grain size of a few micrometers. For the joint of the as-cast alloy, the TZ consists of deformed lamellar colonies as the major constituent and partially recrystallized grains as the minor constituent. For the joint of the as-forged alloy, the TZ is similar to both the PM and SDZ, showing a DP microstructure. The grain size, volume fraction of γ grains, and the remnant lamellar colonies all increase with the distance from the SDZ. All joints presented perfect metallurgical bonding. The strengths of the joints are higher than those of the corresponding PMs. This indicates that the studied alloy has good friction weldability.
Mortars with Crushed Lava Granulate for Repair of Damp Historical Buildings
Authors: Pavlík Zbyšek , Pokorný Jaroslav , Pavlíková Milena , Zemanová Lucie , Záleská Martina , Vyšvařil Martina , Žižlavský Tomáš
Published: October 2019

In this paper, crushed lava granulate was used as full silica sand replacement in composition of repair mortars based on hydrated lime, natural hydraulic lime, or cement-lime binder. Lava granules were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Particle size distribution of both silica and lava aggregates was assessed using standard sieve analysis. Hygrothermal function of the developed lightweight materials was characterized by the measurement of complete set of hygric, thermal, and structural parameters of the hardened mortar samples that were tested for both 28 days and 90 days cured specimens. As the repair mortars must also meet requirements on mechanical performance, their compressive strength, flexural strength, and dynamic Young’s modulus were tested. The newly developed mortars composed of lava aggregate and hydrated lime or natural hydraulic lime met technical, functional, compatibility, and performance criteria on masonry and rendering materials, and were found well applicable for repair of historically valuable buildings.
Effects of Filler Wires on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2195-T6 Al-Li Alloy Spray Formed by TIG Welding
Authors: Zhang Yuhui , Li Huan , Luo Chuanguang , Yang Lijun
Published: October 2019

The main purpose of this work was to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of spray-formed 2195-T6 Al-Li alloy welding joints produced by tungsten inert gas (TIG) with Al-Cu and Al-Si-Cu filler wires, so that they can be better used in space vehicle tanks. The porosity analysis indicates that the porosity area of the weld seam with the Al-Si-Cu filler wire is approximately 7.989 times larger than that of the Al-Cu filler wire. Furthermore, the microstructure and microhardness results indicate that the Al/Cu eutectic near the fusion line distributes more at the grain boundaries, while more dispersed Al2Cu phase is found inside the grain, which improves the strength of the joint when using Al-Cu filler wire. However, when using the Al-Si-Cu filler wire, more Si, Cu, and Ti elements are segregated at the grain boundaries, forming a brittle-hard network Al/Cu/Ti eutectic, which reduces the performance of the joint. Additionally, the tensile strength and elongation of the weld joint are about 68.6% and 89.9% of the base metal (BM) when using the Al-Cu filler wire, and can approach the level of friction stir welding (FSW). However, the tensile strength and elongation are only about 56.8% and 39.9%, respectively, of the BM in the weld joint when using the Al-Si-Cu filler wire. Lastly, the fractures both occur on the fusion line and the fracture morphology of the weld joint shows that it is a mixed fracture mode dominated by plastic fracture when using Al-Cu filler wire, while it is mainly a quasi-cleavage fracture mode when using Al-Si-Cu filler wire. Therefore, the joint strength when using Al-Si-Cu filler wire with high strength matching is not as good as that of Al-Cu filler wire with low strength matching.
Potential of Green Ceramics Waste for Alkali Activated Foams
Authors: Horvat Barbara , Ducman Vilma
Published: October 2019

The aim of the paper is to research the influence of foaming and stabilization agents in the alkali activation process of waste green ceramics for future low cost up-cycling into lightweight porous thermal insulating material. Green waste ceramics, which is used in the present article, is a green body residue (non-successful intermediate-product) in the synthesis of technical ceramics for fuses. This residue was alkali activated with Na-water glass and NaOH in theoretically determined ratio based on data from X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) that was set to maximise mechanical properties and to avoid efflorescence. Prepared mixtures were compared to alkali activated material prepared in theoretically less favourable ratios, and tested on the strength and density. Selected mixtures were further foamed with different foaming agents, that are Na-perborate (s), H2O2 (l), and Al (s), and supported by a stabilization agent, i.e., Na-dodecyl sulphate. The goal of the presented work was to prepare alkali activated foam based on green ceramics with density below 1 kg/l and compressive strength above 1 MPa.
Hybrid Shape Memory Alloy-Based Nanomechanical Resonators for Ultrathin Film Elastic Properties Determination and Heavy Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Stachiv Ivo , Gan Lifeng
Published: October 2019

Micro-/nanomechanical resonators are often used in material science to measure the elastic properties of ultrathin films or mass spectrometry to estimate the mass of various chemical and biological molecules. Measurements with these sensors utilize changes in the resonant frequency of the resonator exposed to an investigated quantity. Their sensitivities are, therefore, determined by the resonant frequency. The higher resonant frequency and, correspondingly, higher quality factor (Q-factor) yield higher sensitivity. In solution, the resonant frequency (Q-factor) decreases causing a significant lowering of the achievable sensitivity. Hence, the nanomechanical resonator-based sensors mainly operate in a vacuum. Identification by nanomechanical resonator also requires an additional reference measurement on the identical unloaded resonator making experiments, due to limiting achievable accuracies in current nanofabrication processes, yet challenging. In addition, the mass spectrometry by nanomechanical resonator can be routinely performed for light analytes (i.e., analyte is modelled as a point particle). For heavy analytes such as bacteria clumps neglecting their stiffness result in a significant underestimation of determined mass values. In this work, we demonstrate the extraordinary capability of hybrid shape memory alloy (SMA)-based nanomechanical resonators to i) notably tune the resonant frequencies and improve Q-factor of the resonator immersed in fluid, ii) determine the Young’s (shear) modulus of prepared ultrathin film only from frequency response of the resonator with sputtered film, and iii) perform heavy analyte mass spectrometry by monitoring shift in frequency of just a single vibrational mode. The procedures required to estimate the Young’s (shear) modulus of ultrathin film and the heavy analyte mass from observed changes in the resonant frequency caused by a phase transformation in SMA are developed and, afterward, validated using numerical simulations. The present results demonstrate the outstanding potential and capability of high frequency operating hybrid SMA-based nanomechanical resonators in sensing applications that can be rarely achieved by current nanomechanical resonator-based sensors.
Computational Tools in the Discovery of FABP4 Ligands: A Statistical and Molecular Modeling Approach
Authors: Floresta Giuseppe , Gentile Davide , Perrini Giancarlo , Patamia Vincenzo , Rescifina Antonio
Published: October 2019

Small molecule inhibitors of adipocyte fatty-acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) have received interest following the recent publication of their pharmacologically beneficial effects. Recently, it was revealed that FABP4 is an attractive molecular target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, other metabolic diseases, and some type of cancers. In past years, hundreds of effective FABP4 inhibitors have been synthesized and discovered, but, unfortunately, none have reached the clinical research phase. The field of computer-aided drug design seems to be promising and useful for the identification of FABP4 inhibitors; hence, different structure- and ligand-based computational approaches have been used for their identification. In this paper, we searched for new potentially active FABP4 ligands in the Marine Natural Products (MNP) database. We retrieved 14,492 compounds from this database and filtered through them with a statistical and computational filter. Seven compounds were suggested by our methodology to possess a potential inhibitory activity upon FABP4 in the range of 97–331 nM. ADMET property prediction was performed to validate the hypothesis of the interaction with the intended target and to assess the drug-likeness of these derivatives. From these analyses, three molecules that are excellent candidates for becoming new drugs were found.
Arabinogalactan-Proteins from the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L., a Member of a Basal Land Plant Lineage, Are Structurally Different to Those of Angiosperms
Authors: Happ Kathrin , Classen Birgit
Published: October 2019

The thalloid liverwort Marchantia polymorpha as a member of a basal land plant lineage has to cope with the challenge of terrestrial life. Obviously, the plant cell wall has been strongly involved in the outstanding evolutionary process of water-to-land-transition. AGPs are signaling glycoproteins of the cell wall, which seem to be ubiquitous in seed plants and might play a role in adaption to abiotic and biotic stress situations. Therefore, we investigated the cell wall composition of Marchantia polymorpha with special focus on structural characterization of arabinogalactan-proteins. The Marchantia AGP shows typical features known from seed plant AGPs like precipitation with β-glucosyl-Yariv’s reagent, a protein moiety with hydroxyproline and a carbohydrate part with 1,3,6-linked galactose and terminal arabinose residues. On the other hand, striking differences to AGPs of angiosperms are the occurrence of terminal 3-O-methyl-rhamnose and a highly branched galactan lacking appreciable amounts of 1,6-linked galactose. Binding of different AGP-antibodies (JIM13, KM1, LM2, LM6, LM14, LM26, and MAC207) to Marchantia AGP was investigated and confirmed structural differences between liverwort and angiosperm AGP, possibly due to deviating functions of these signaling molecules in the different taxonomic groups.
Self-Assembly Supramolecular Systems Based on Guanidinium Salts Modified Hyperbranched Polyamidoamine and Cationic Acrylamide Copolymers
Authors: Wu Qi , Gou Shaohua , Fei Yumei , Yang Xiaoyan , Liu Mengyu , Huang Jinglun
Published: October 2019

Herein, novel hyperbranched polyamidoamine guanidinium salts (GS-h-PAMAM) and two cationic acrylamide copolymers P(AM-DAC-ABSM) and P(AM-DAC-AMTU) were successfully prepared. Then, self-assembly supramolecular systems were synthesized by directly mixing GS-h-PAMAM with copolymers in aqueous solution, and the mechanism of the self-assembly process was speculated. FT-IR, NMR, and SEM were used for structural confirmation. Furthermore, the excellent solution properties revealed that the supramolecular systems had potential application in clay hydration inhibitors. More importantly, utilizing functionalized hyperbranched polyamidoamine in the synthesis self-assembly supramolecular systems was an effective strategy for expanding their application fields and developing new functional materials, providing a powerful reference for the next study.
New Tricks in the Preparation Design for Prosthetic Ceramic Laminate Veeners
Authors: Ortensi Luca , Vitali Tommaso , Bonfiglioli Roberto , Grande Francesco
Published: October 2019

Background: The prosthetic preparation of the teeth for ceramic laminate veneers has to follow the minimally invasive concept brought by the modern Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics. However, during the cementation phase under the rubber dam, the loss of the esthetics landmarks could lead to errors in the future positioning of the laminate veneers. Methods: In this article the authors show an accurate operative prosthetic protocol using different fine intraoperative maneuvers and tricks for the realization of ceramic laminates in order to solve the problems of the cementation phase. Results: The treatment of the anterior sector of the upper maxilla with porcelain laminate veneers was realized in a 30 years old woman with aesthetic issues. Conclusion: Different fine intraoperative maneuvers and tricks during teeth preparation, master impression and rubber dam positioning could reduce errors occurring in the cementation phase and increase the predictability of the results.
A LAPS-Based Differential Sensor for Parallelized Metabolism Monitoring of Various Bacteria
Authors: Dantism Shahriar , Röhlen Désirée , Wagner Torsten , Wagner Patrick , Schöning Michael J.
Published: October 2019

Monitoring the cellular metabolism of bacteria in (bio)fermentation processes is crucial to control and steer them, and to prevent undesired disturbances linked to metabolically inactive microorganisms. In this context, cell-based biosensors can play an important role to improve the quality and increase the yield of such processes. This work describes the simultaneous analysis of the metabolic behavior of three different types of bacteria by means of a differential light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) set-up. The study includes Lactobacillus brevis, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Escherichia coli, which are often applied in fermentation processes in bioreactors. Differential measurements were carried out to compensate undesirable influences such as sensor signal drift, and pH value variation during the measurements. Furthermore, calibration curves of the cellular metabolism were established as a function of the glucose concentration or cell number variation with all three model microorganisms. In this context, simultaneous (bio)sensing with the multi-organism LAPS-based set-up can open new possibilities for a cost-effective, rapid detection of the extracellular acidification of bacteria on a single sensor chip. It can be applied to evaluate the metabolic response of bacteria populations in a (bio)fermentation process, for instance, in the biogas fermentation process.
Multiple Physiological Signals Fusion Techniques for Improving Heartbeat Detection: A Review
Authors: Tejedor Javier , García Constantino A. , Márquez David G. , Raya Rafael , Otero Abraham
Published: October 2019

This paper presents a review of the techniques found in the literature that aim to achieve a robust heartbeat detection from fusing multi-modal physiological signals (e.g., electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure (BP), artificial blood pressure (ABP), stroke volume (SV), photoplethysmogram (PPG), electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG), and electrooculogram (EOG), among others). Techniques typically employ ECG, BP, and ABP, of which usage has been shown to obtain the best performance under challenging conditions. SV, PPG, EMG, EEG, and EOG signals can help increase performance when included within the fusion. Filtering, signal normalization, and resampling are common preprocessing steps. Delay correction between the heartbeats obtained over some of the physiological signals must also be considered, and signal-quality assessment to retain the best signal/s must be considered as well. Fusion is usually accomplished by exploiting regularities in the RR intervals; by selecting the most promising signal for the detection at every moment; by a voting process; or by performing simultaneous detection and fusion using Bayesian techniques, hidden Markov models, or neural networks. Based on the results of the review, guidelines to facilitate future comparison of the performance of the different proposals are given and promising future lines of research are pointed out.
Classification of Power Facility Point Clouds from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based on Adaboost and Topological Constraints
Authors: Liu Yuxuan , Aleksandrov Mitko , Zlatanova Sisi , Zhang Junjun , Mo Fan , Chen Xiaojian
Published: October 2019

Machine learning algorithms can be well suited to LiDAR point cloud classification, but when they are applied to the point cloud classification of power facilities, many problems such as a large number of computational features and low computational efficiency can be encountered. To solve these problems, this paper proposes the use of the Adaboost algorithm and different topological constraints. For different objects, the top five features with the best discrimination are selected and combined into a strong classifier by the Adaboost algorithm, where coarse classification is performed. For power transmission lines, the optimum scales are selected automatically, and the coarse classification results are refined. For power towers, it is difficult to distinguish the tower from vegetation points by only using spatial features due to the similarity of their proposed key features. Therefore, the topological relationship between the power line and power tower is introduced to distinguish the power tower from vegetation points. The experimental results show that the classification of power transmission lines and power towers by our method can achieve the accuracy of manual classification results and even be more efficient.
Distributed Estimation Techniques for Cyber-Physical Systems: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ierardi Carmelina , Orihuela Luis , Jurado Isabel
Published: October 2019

This paper undertakes a systematic review (SR) on distributed estimation techniques applied to cyber-physical systems (CPS). Even though SRs are not the common way to survey a theme in the control community, they provide a rigorous, robust and objective formula that should not be always ignored. The presented SR incorporates and adapts the guidelines recommended in other fields (mainly biosciences and computer sciences) to the field of automation and control and presents a brief description of the different phases that constitute an SR. As a result, this review compares the different techniques found in the literature in terms of: The proposed estimator (Kalman filter, Luenberger observer, Bayesian filter, etc.), the particular application within CPS, the design of the estimators (decentralized vs centralized), the amount of data required for implementation or the inclusion of experiments/simulations in the studies. Particular attention is paid to those papers that present some results in applications that include humans, animals or biological systems.
Actuator Fault Detection and Fault-Tolerant Control for Hexacopter
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Phi , Xuan Mung Nguyen , Hong Sung Kyung
Published: October 2019

In this paper, fault detection and fault-tolerant control strategies are proposed to handle the issues of both actuator faults and disturbances in a hexacopter. A dynamic model of a hexacopter is first derived to develop a model-based fault detection system. Secondly, the altitude control based on a sliding mode and disturbance observer is presented to tackle the disturbance issue. Then, a nonlinear Thau observer is applied to estimate the states of a hexacopter and to generate the residuals. Using a fault detection unit, the motor failure is isolated to address the one or two actuator faults. Finally, experimental results are tested on a DJI F550 hexacopter platform and Pixhawk2 flight controller to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Unlike previous studies, this work can integrate fault detection and fault-tolerant control design as a single unit. Moreover, the developed fault detection and fault-tolerant control method can handle up to two actuator failures in presence of disturbances.
The Advent of the Internet of Things in Airfield Lightning Systems: Paving the Way from a Legacy Environment to an Open World
Authors: Buzzoni Enrico , Forlani Fabio , Giannelli Carlo , Mazzotti Matteo , Parisotto Stefano , Pomponio Alessandro , Stefanelli Cesare
Published: October 2019

This paper discusses the design and prototype implementation of a software solution facilitating the interaction of third-party developers with a legacy monitoring and control system in the airfield environment. By following the Internet of Things (IoT) approach and adopting open standards and paradigms such as REpresentational State Transfer (REST) and Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP) for message dispatching, the work aims at paving the way towards a more open world in the airfield industrial sector. The paper also presents performance results achieved by extending legacy components to support IoT standards. Quantitative results not only demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed solution, but also its suitability in terms of prompt message dispatching and increased fault tolerance.
Sources of Variation in Assessing Canopy Reflectance of Processing Tomato by Means of Multispectral Radiometry
Authors: Gianquinto Giorgio , Orsini Francesco , Pennisi Giuseppina , Bona Stefano
Published: October 2019

Canopy reflectance sensors are a viable technology to optimize the fertilization management of crops. In this research, canopy reflectance was measured through a passive sensor to evaluate the effects of either crop features (N fertilization, soil mulching, appearance of red fruits, and cultivars) or sampling methods (sampling size, sensor position, and hour of sampling) on the reliability of vegetation indices (VIs). Sixteen VIs were derived, including seven simple wavelength reflectance ratios (NIR/R460, NIR/R510, NIR/R560, NIR/R610, NIR/R660, NIR/R710, NIR/R760), seven normalized indices (NDVI, G-NDVI, MCARISAVI, OSAVI, TSAVI, TCARI), and two combined indices (TCARI/OSAVI; MCARI/OSAVI). NIR/560 and G-NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index on Greenness) were the most reliable in discriminating among fertilization rates, with results unaffected by the appearance of maturing fruits, and the most stable in response to different cultivars. Black mulching film did not affect NIR/560 and G-NDVI behavior at the beginning of the growing season, when the crop is more responsive to N management. Due to a moderate variability of NIR/560 and G-NDVI, a small sample size (5–10 observations) is sufficient to obtain reliable measurements. Performing the measurements at 11:00 and 14:00 and maintaining a greater distance (1.8 m) between plants and instrument enhanced measurement consistency. Accordingly, NIR/560 and G-NDVI resulted in the most reliable VIs.
Automatic Visual Acuity Estimation by Means of Computational Vascularity Biomarkers Using Oct Angiographies
Authors: Díaz Macarena , Díez-Sotelo Marta , Gómez-Ulla Francisco , Novo Jorge , Penedo Manuel Francisco G. , Ortega Marcos
Published: October 2019

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) constitutes a new non-invasive ophthalmic image modality that allows the precise visualization of the micro-retinal vascularity that is commonly used to analyze the foveal region. Given that there are many systemic and eye diseases that affect the eye fundus and its vascularity, the analysis of that region is crucial to diagnose and estimate the vision loss. The Visual Acuity (VA) is typically measured manually, implying an exhaustive and time-consuming procedure. In this work, we propose a method that exploits the information of the OCTA images to automatically estimate the VA with an accurate error of 0.1713.
Spectroscopic Understanding of SnO2 and WO3 Metal Oxide Surfaces with Advanced Synchrotron Based; XPS-UPS and Near Ambient Pressure (NAP) XPS Surface Sensitive Techniques for Gas Sensor Applications under Operational Conditions
Authors: Ciftyürek Engin , Šmíd Břetislav , Li Zheshen , Matolín Vladimír , Schierbaum Klaus
Published: October 2019

The most promising and utilized chemical sensing materials, WO3 and SnO2 were characterized by means advanced synchrotron based XPS, UPS, NAP-XPS techniques. The complementary electrical resistance and sensor testing experiments were also completed. A comparison and evaluation of some of the prominent and newly employed spectroscopic characterization techniques for chemical sensors were provided. The chemical nature and oxidation state of the WO3 and SnO2 thin films were explored at different depths from imminent surface to a maximum of 1.5 nm depth from the surface with non-destructive depth profiling. The adsorption and amount of chemisorbed oxygen species were precisely analyzed and quantified as a function of temperature between 25–400 °C under realistic operating conditions for chemical sensors employing 1–5 mbar pressures of oxygen (O2) and carbon monoxide (CO). The effect of realistic CO and O2 gas pressures on adsorbed water (H2O), OH− groups and chemisorbed oxygen species ( O 2 ( a d s ) − ,   O ( a d s ) ,   − O 2 ( a d s ) 2 − ) and chemical stability of metal oxide surfaces were evaluated and quantified.
A Look into the Past: Tracing Ancient Sustainable Manuring Practices by Thorough P Speciation of Northern European Anthrosols
Authors: Acksel Andre , Baumann Karen , Hu Yongfeng , Leinweber Peter
Published: October 2019

Regionally restricted, hums-rich topsoils in Southwest Norway and the Baltic Sea region of Germany and Denmark were formed by inputs of various amendments (combustion residues and marine biomass) and, therefore, were classified as Anthrosols. For a deeper insight into the ancient management practices, we investigated the elemental and P-composition in the upper and underlying horizons from 12 soil profiles in the Jæren region, at the islands of Karmøy and Feøy (Norway), at the island of Fehmarn and the peninsula of Wagrien (Germany), and at the islands of Poel (Germany) and Sjaelland (Denmark). We used aqua regia digestion and the complementary methods of sequential P fractionation, phosphorus K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (P-XANES) spectroscopy, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy. Results were compared with the composition of differently amended and/or un-amended soils from other studies. In addition, archaeological literature was used to confirm possible inputs of specific P-containing amendments in ancient agriculture. The P composition from SF of the Anthrosols in Norway (44% NaOH-Pi > 18% NaOH-Po > 14% NaHCO3-Pi, 12% H2SO4-P > 7% NaHCO3-Po > 3% residual-P = 3% resin-P) and complementary archaeological literature provided strong indication for the use of peat, sheep manure, compost, and human excreta. The Anthrosols in the Jæren region have been formed from peat, which had been used as alternative bedding material and had been mixed with sheep and/or cattle manure. The P-composition in the Anthrosols at the island of Fehmarn and at the peninsula of Wagrien (42% H2SO4-P > 25% residual-P > 10% NaOH-Po, 8% NaOH-Pi: > 6% NaHCO3-Pi and NaHCO3-Po, 4% resin-P) resulted from the application of domestic cattle manure. This was strongly supported by archaeological findings of cattle bones in this region, as well as high proportions of Ca-P, as confirmed by P-XANES. The predominance of Po in the Anthrosols at the island of Poel and Sjaelland (31% NaOH-Po > 23% NaHCO3-Po, 21% H2SO4-P > 11% NaOH-Pi > 8% NaHCO3-Pi > 4% residual-P, 3% resin-P, in agreement with results from 31P-NMR) indicated low ancient inputs of various excrement or manure. This was supported by low livestock history at the island of Poel. In conclusion, these agricultural techniques can be considered as sustainable P recycling and soil amendment since they improved soil fertility for many generations.
Subsurface Drip Lateral Line Depths to Protect against Root Intrusion
Authors: Guo Shaolei
Published: October 2019

Root intrusion into emitters poses a threat to the lifespan of subsurface drip irrigation systems. In an attempt to address this problem, an experiment was conducted on spring wheat (Mengmai 30) grown in soil columns installed in a greenhouse to study the effects of lateral line depths to reduce root intrusion into emitters. The soil columns are rectangular containers, and the dimensions were 15 cm, 60 cm, 100 cm. The soil matric potential at a 20 cm depth immediately over (lateral line depth <20 cm), under (lateral line depth >20 cm), or next to (lateral line depth = 20 cm) the drip emitters was used to schedule the subsurface drip irrigation regime. Five different lateral line depths, with depths of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 cm, were maintained. The lateral line depths influenced the spring wheat root distribution, emitter flow rate, root intrusion, and spring wheat yield and quality. Results indicated that the shallower the lateral line depth, the more root was distributed in the surface layer. Root density values increased with soil depth. The emitter flow rate (eventual flow rate divided by the initial flow rate) increased as the lateral line depth decreased. All the treatments had root intrusion except 50 cm treatment. Root intrusion increased as the lateral line depth decreased. The lowest root intrusion rate (0%) was achieved with a lateral line depth of 50 cm. The greatest relative yield was achieved with a lateral line depth of 30 cm. After root intrusion and yield were both considered, the lateral line depth of 30–40 cm was a better choice.
PREPARATION OF THE COSMIC EXPERIMENT "COULOMB-PLASMA"
Authors: D’YACHKOV L.G. , VASILIEV M.M. , PETROV O.F. , SAVIN S.F. , CHURILO I.V.
Published: October 2019

Studies of dusty plasma have been actively carried out for about a quarter of a century in many laboratories on Earth, and on board the International Space Station under microgravity conditions. At present, a new experiment is being prepared. We describe the goals and objectives of the experiment, its features and differences from previous experiments, explain the need for it in microgravity. The objective of the experiment is to study the evolution of the open dissipative systems of strongly interacting macroparticles in a gas-discharge plasma, to obtain data on phase transitions and dynamics of active Brownian particles and dynamics of defects and dislocations in plasma-dust structures.
Key words: dusty plasma, microgravity, cosmic experiment, open thermodynamic systems, active Brownian particles
STUDY ON THE STATUS OF LOWER GENITAL TRACT INFECTIONS AMONG MINORITY ETHNIC ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN A LUOI DISTRICT, THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE
Authors: Dao Nguyen Dieu Trang , Phan Thi Bich Ngoc , Nguyen Vu Quoc Huy
Published: October 2019

Objectives: To describe the knowledges, attitudes, practices of preventing lower genital tract infections among adolescent girls in A Luoi district, Thua Thien Hue province and identify the percentage lower genital tract infections among adolescent girls.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted in A Luoi district, Thua Thien Hue province. All 960 adolescent girls between 10 – 19 years old of 8 communes in A Luoi district participated in the study.
Results: The percentage of adolescents who do not know about symptom of lower genital tract infections were 71.6%. The percentage of adolescents who know itchy symptom were 21.3%. The percentage of adolescents who do not know the factors to cause disease were 51.9%. 34.1% adolescents who know poor menstrual hygien, 31.9% know poor hygien daily. - The percentage of adolescents who do not know the methods to prevent lower genital tract infections were 42.2%. The percentage of adolescents who know to go to health center when they have symptoms were 76.1%, however still have 31% adolescents do not know how will they do when they have symptoms. The percentage of adolescents who know there is need to education for them to prevent lower genital tract infections. 87.1% adolescents use fresh water to wash and hygien daily. 98.4% adolescents do genital hygien. The percentage of lower genital tract infections in adolescents was 2.2%.
Conclusion: The knowledge of lower genital tract infection among adolescent girls are not good. The percentage of lower genital tract infections in adolescents was 2.2%.
Key words: lower genital tract infections, A Luoi district, Thua Thien Hue province
KECURANGAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF FRAUD DIAMOND THEORY: STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN SUB SEKTOR TRANSPORTASI DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: M. ADAM PRAYOGA  , EKA SUDARMAJI
Published: October 2019

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence in detecting fraudulent financial statements from the perspective of 'fraud diamond theory'. The proxy variables used in this study are the influence of pressure, opportunity, rationalization, and ability. This study uses a sample of transportation sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with the 2015-2017 research period. This research is expected to contribute to the development of accounting science, especially in the field of forensic accounting regarding factors that can affect companies to conduct fraudulent financial statements by implementing indicators of diamond fraud. Hypothesis testing used multiple linear regression analysis with the help of application eviews software, to help process research data in the form of panel data. The results of this study indicate that pressure, opportunity, rationalization, and ability together were not significantly influence the tendency of fraudulent financial statements.
Chronic Dislocation of the 5th Metatarsophalangeal Joint with Physeal Injury of Metatarsal: A Case Report
Authors: Singh Manorma , Sharma Sanjeev , Sharma Suman , Sharma Rahul
Published: October 2019

Metatarsophalangeal joint dislocations are uncommon injuries. This article describes the surgical management of such injury with six months follow up report. A 13 years old boy presented with the complaints of deformity and shortening of the 5th toe of the right foot with callosity on plantar aspect since last five years. He sustained this injury by hitting a stone.He was diagnosed to have a compound dislocation of a metatarsophalangeal joint with severely angulated Salter and Harris type II epiphyseal injury of 5th toe of the left foot.Joint dislocation caused deformed shortened 5th toe, and epiphyseal malunion resulted in the plantar bony projection, callosity, ulceration, difficulty in walking and wearing the footwear. This case was managed surgically that culminated in an optimum functional and structural outcome. Malunited epiphysis was excised, the metatarsal bone was aligned and fixed with proximal phalanx by Kirschner wire to establish a pseudarthrosis. This method can be useful in such cases; however, needs to be evaluated with future studies.
Durkheim’ın Metodolojisinde Hegelyen Diyalektiğin Etkisi
Authors: GÜLOĞLU Mehmet Fatih
Published: October 2019

Durkheim’ın
sosyoloji için önerdiği yöntem, realist bir zeminde inşa edilmiş empirist bir
kökene dayanmaktadır. Ancak onun ‘teori bağımlı duruşu’ ve bazı
kavramsallaştırmaları (kolektif bilinç, ilkel toplum gibi) onun idealizmle
suçlanmasına yol açmıştır. Önerdiği yöntemin, toplumu ‘bütünsel açıklama’
arzusu böyle ikili bir yorumu doğurmuştur. Durkheim’ı yeni-Kantçılığa
yaklaştıran bu ‘bütünsel açıklama arzusu aynı zamanda onu Hegelyen etkiye de
açtığı bu çalışmanın ana odağıdır. Ancak, hiçbir zaman Durkheim ampirik
verilere dayanmaktan da vazgeçmemiştir. Bu gerilim sayesinde Durkheim, bir
yandan kolektif bilinç, ilkel toplum gibi mefhumlar ile toplumu açıklarken;
diğer yandan da toplumsal olguları ‘şeyler’ gibi ele almayı önermiştir. Böylece
Durkheim, sosyolojik araştırma pratiğini spekülasyondan ayırt edebilmek için
sosyolojinin metodolojik çerçevesini belirlemiştir. Bu çalışmada, Durkheim’ın
bu girişiminin ardında Hegelyen diyalektik yöntemin yattığı iddiası
soruşturmaya açılmıştır. Makalede, Durkheim’ın metodolojisinin pozitivist bir
tutumdan diyalektik düşünmeye dönük evrimi ele alınmıştır. Bu evrim Ricoeur’ün
hermeneutik yöntemi kullanılarak tartışılmıştır. Analitik düşünme kısmında Durkheim’ın
metodolojisindeki Hegelyen bağlamlar ‘olgu’ ve ‘somut’ kavramsallaştırmaları
aracılığıyla ortaya konulmuştur. Diyalektik düşünme kısmında ise bu iki
kavramsallaştırma ile Durkheim’ın metodolojisinin diyalektik yöntem kaydığı
gösterilmiştir. Sonuç olarak Durkheim’ın her ne kadar diyalektik yöntemden
kaçınsa da çalışmalarının diyalektik olarak tasarlandığı ifade edilmiştir.
Salda Gölü Ve Çevresinin Turizm Potansiyeli Ve Yeşilova İlçesi’nin Sosyo-Ekonomik Yapısına Etkisi
Authors: TEMURÇİN Kadir , ATAYETER Yıldırım , TOZKOPARAN Uğur
Published: October 2019

Günümüzde, büyük şehirlerde
yaşamanın birçok olumlu yanı bulunmasına rağmen şehirlerdeki yoğun nüfus artışı
ile birlikte stres, trafik sorunları, hava kirliliği, gürültü kirliliği, doğal
ortamların azlığı vb. gibi birçok sorun insanların yaşam kalitesini düşürmektedir.
Bunun sonucunda insanların, yoğun şehir yaşamından uzaklaşarak doğayla iç içe
olmalarını sağlayacak turizm aktivitelerine ilgisi artmıştır. Türkiye’de son
yıllarda ciddi anlamda turist çeken doğa turizm kaynaklarından biri de ünü
sınırlarımızın dışına taşan Burdur İli’nin Yeşilova İlçesi’nde yer alan Salda
Gölü’dür.  Burdur İli’nin
içinde yer aldığı Göller Yöresi, Türkiye 2023 turizm stratejisinde, “Göller
Bölgesi Eko-turizm Gelişim Bölgesi” olarak belirlenerek bölgedeki göllere dikkat
çekilmiştir. Göller Yöresi içinde yer alan Salda Gölü, bölgesel ve uluslararası
düzeyde önemli bir doğa turizmi potansiyeli taşımaktadır. Göle geçmişten
günümüze değin çok sayıda yerli ve yabancı turist peyzaj güzellikleri görmek,
fotoğraf çekmek, su sporları yapmak, kuş gözlemciliği, yamaç paraşütü gibi
farklı turizm aktivitelerini gerçekleştirmek amacıyla gelmektedir. Salda
Gölü’nün ünü, son dönemlerde özellikle T.V. kanallarında, gezginlerin sosyal
bloglarında ve basında yapılan tanıtımların da katkısıyla daha fazla artmış,
bunun bir sonucu olarak da göl çok önemli ziyaretçi kitlelerini ağırlamaya
başlamıştır.

Ancak
özellikle yaz aylarında bölgeye gelen turistlerin çok fazla sayıda olması
nedeniyle konaklama, sosyal ortam ve günlük gereksinimlerine yönelik ihtiyaçlarını
karşılayacakları altyapı ve üstyapı ile ilgili hizmetler yetersiz kalmaktadır.
Tüm bu gelişmeler kuşkusuz, Yeşilova İlçesi’nde sosyal, ekonomik ve çevresel
faktörler açısından da olumlu olduğu kadar bir o kadarda da olumsuz değişimleri
de ortaya koymaktadır. Bu
nedenle bu araştırmada Salda Gölü merkezli, 
Yeşilova İlçesi’nin turizm potansiyeli ele alınıp, artan turizm
faaliyetlerinin Yeşilova İlçesi’nin sosyo-ekonomik yapısına etkileri
araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, Yeşilova İlçesi’nde yaşayan yerel halkın ve
işletmecilerin görüşleri üzerinden Salda Gölü’nde gerçekleştirilen turizm
aktivitelerinin Yeşilova İlçesi’nin sosyo-ekonomik yapısına etkisini tespit
etmek ve Yeşilova İlçesi’ndeki turizm faaliyetlerinin sürdürülebilirliğini
sağlamak için yapılması gerekenleri ortaya koymaktır.
Penilaian Mutu Secara Organoleptik Ikan Cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Pondokdadap Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Wahyu Yus Isnainita , Ariadi Puji Sugeng , Jalal Sayuti
Published: October 2019

Penelitian dilakukan di bulan Desember 2018 di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Pondokdadap Kabupaten Malang Provinsi Jawa Timur dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesegaran ikan dan perbedaan kesegaran ikan cakalang pada tiga lokasi yang berbeda yaitu tempat pelelangan ikan, gudang supplier/pengumpul dan kios ikan nelayan di PPP Pondokdadap. Penentuan tingkat kesegaran ikan dilakukan dengan metode organoleptik. Pengujian organoleptik merupakan cara atau teknik pengujian dengan menggunakan indera manusia sebagai alat utama dalam menilai mutu ikan hidup dan produk perikanan yang masih dalam keadaan segar utuh. Setelah ikan mati terjadi perubahan pada ikan yang mengarah pada pembusukan yang berlangsung dengan cepat.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesegaran ikan pada tiga lokasi berbeda memiliki perbedaan namun ikan cakalang masih dalam kategori ikan segar.
EFEKTIFITAS AROMATHERAPY LEMON TERHADAP PENGURANGAN NYERI PERSALINAN, LAMA PERSALINAN KALA II DAN FETAL OUTCOME DI KLINIK HENI KASIH
Authors: Ginting Laurena
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Pain is an unpleasant and complex condition. The fear of labor pain causes a reduction in blood flow and oxygen to the uterus giving rise to uterine inertia (inadequate contraception). Lemon aromatherapy has anesthetic, analgesic and sedative effect. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of lemon aromatherapy on pain reduction, length of labor and fetal outcome. The design of this study used a quasi experimental design with a one group approach, measurements were taken in one group given treatment by giving lemon aromatherapy and comparing the second group as a control not given aromatherapy lemon. The population of all women giving birth at the Heny Kasih clinic. The sample in this study was taken by purposive sampling. The research sample consisted of 30 women giving birth, 15 giving birth treatment and 15 giving birth as a control group. Sampling was carried out with inclusion criteria, namely in the first phase of active phase, physiological labor, willing to be the subject of research, single pregnancy, presentation of the back of the head, and not yet receiving pharmacological therapy. Data analysis was done by looking at the differences in the 2 variables because the data were not normally distributed then the statistical tests used were Mann Whitney. The results of research on the effectiveness of lemon aromatherapy on labor pain p = 0.019 where the value of p <0.005, the second time showed no effectiveness of lemon aromatherapy on the second time p = 0.451 greater than p = 0.005 in the fetal outcome showed no effectiveness of lemon aromatherapy against fetal outcome p = 1,000 is greater than p = 0.005.

Keywords: Aromatherapy, Lemon, Labor_Pain, Time_of _kala II, Fetal_Outcome
CARPATHIANS
Authors: Verbitskii S. , Pronishin R. , Verbitskii Iu. , Chuba M. , Keleman I. , Stets'kiv A. , Stepanenko N. , Iliesh I. , Alekseev I. , Simonova N.
Published: October 2019

The seismic observations in the Carpathian region in 2013, which were conducted, as before, by two organizations from two states: in Ukraine, by the seismicity department of the Carpathian region of the Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and in Moldova by the seismology laboratory of the Institute of Geology and Seismology of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova are described. There were 19 digital stations with a processing center in Lviv, Ukraine, and 6 stations with a center in Chisinau, Moldova. Various programs, local hodographs, and magnitudes were used. The consolidated catalog of earthquakes is created in Lviv. The map of epicenters and the table of the distribution of earthquakes of differ-ent classes by regions are given. The total number of earthquakes in 2013 was N=98 in the range of КР=5.7–14.1 and the depth interval of hypocenters h=1–150 km with total seismic energy Е=1.331014 J. Of these, 19 earthquakes with depths h=80–160 km is located in the Vrancea zone. Two maximum earth-quakes with КР=14.1 and КР=12.3 were recorded on October 6 and 15 in the Vrancea mountains with h=139.8 and 140.9 km. In Forecarpathians and Transcarpathia all earthquakes are weaker. The most significant event in Transcarpathia was the earthquake on April 4, 2013, with КР=8.4 in the area of «Nizhnее Selishche» seismic station. The earthquake source is located in the earth's crust at a depth of h=1.7 km. The earthquake was felt by the population of the Village Nizhnее Selishche with an intensity I=3–4. In general, in all seismic active zones of the Carpathians in 2013, there was a slight increase in the level of seismicity compared with that in 2012.
DAGESTAN
Authors: Adilov Z. , Asmanov O. , Magomedo Kh.
Published: October 2019

For the Dagestan seismic network consisting of nine analog and seven digital seismic stations in 2013, the values of the maximum and reliable earthquake detection range are given depending on the energy class КР. On their basis, the contours of the energy representation of earthquakes with Кmin=5, 6, 7 are constructed, and earthquakes with КР³8 are recorded without loss in the entire area of responsibility of the Dagestan branch of GS RAS within the coordinates: j=41.0–44.0°N, l=45.0–49.0°Е. The coordinates of hypocenters were determined by the hodograph method using local hodographs. The classification of earthquakes, as before, was carried out in T.G. Rautian energy classes. 684 earthquakes with КР=4.2–12.7 and total energy of SЕ=2.13×1012 were recorded in total. The notable events were the Georgian-Dagestan and Kichi-Hamri earthquakes, the last of which was described in a separate article of this yearbook. On the basis of the map of the epicenters of all earthquakes, seismicity was described in detail in seven regions.
NORTHERN CAUCASUS
Authors: Gabsatarov Irina , Koroletski L. , Selivanova E. , Artyomova E. , Kamenskaya O.
Published: October 2019

. It is reported that 59 seismic stations operated in the region in 2013. In the western and eastern parts of the region, new stations equipped with Russian digital equipment UGRA were opened: Aibga, Fisht, Karaman. The seismic network recorded 1941 earthquakes and 34 explosions in industrial quarries. 37 earthquakes were felt in the settlements of the Caucasus. The maximum shaking intensity, equal to Imax=6 on the MSK-64 scale, was felt during earthquakes on April 16 at 12h26m with КР=11.8 in the settlements of Kichi-Gamri, Mamaul, Myurego of Dagestan. Swarms of weak earthquakes with КР=4–8 were recorded in the Greater So-chi, Krasnaya Polyana areas, in Kabardino-Balkaria, and in the adjacent territory of Georgia in the area of Kazbek volcano. The area of manifestation of earthquakes with intermediate hypocenter depths, which previously belonged only to the Terek-Caspian trough (the territory of the Chechen Republic) along the diagonal Benoy-Eldarov suture zone, expanded in 2013 to the southeast and advanced under the structures of the Dagestan wedge. According to the level of seismic energy released, seismicity of the territory of the North Caucasus in 2013 characterized in accordance with the scale of the seismicity level as “background low” for the period of observations from 1962 to 2013. The strongest earthquakes occur in the connection zones of the main tectonic structures.
SOURCE PARAMETERS of STRONG EARTHQUAKES of the EARTH
Authors: Chepkunas L. , Malyanova L.
Published: October 2019

For the 19 strongest earthquakes of Russia and the world the dynamic parameters: seismic moments, lengths of ruptures, stress drops, the values of motion in the source are brought. The spectra of Р-wave were calculated on records of IRIS-IDA digital equipment at stations Obninsk-OBN, Talay-TLY, Kislovodsk-KIV in the range of epitsentralny distances of =25–82°. On the basis of the values of seismic moment Мo received on digital records at stations Obninsk-OBN, Talay-TLY, Kislovodsk-KIV, the momentny magnitude Mw (Kana-mori) are presented.