bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
URGENSI PENDIDIKAN WIRAUSAHA (Studi Pada Pelaku usaha di desa Batu Merah Kota Ambon)
Authors: Saimima M Sahrawi , Marasabessy Andi Ismai
Published: June 2024

Abstract This research was conducted due to the phenomenon of the development of business actors during the Covid-19 pandemic in the city of Ambon. The object of research in this study was business actors in the red stone village of Ambon city. This research uses a qualitative research approach. The results showed that many business actors are those who do not have a special educational background in entrepreneurship. The results of field observations show that business actors started businesses due to the large amount of government assistance and the large return of students from outside the city to the city of Ambon and provided development to business actors in the city of Ambon. The results of the study provide information on the importance of knowledge to business actors in the red stone village of Ambon city about entrepreneurship so that their business can continue to grow in any condition.Keywords : Covid-19, Businessman, Entrepreneur Education
PERAN TENAGA PENGAJAR DALAM PENNGKATAN KUALITAS PEMBELAJARAN AL QUR'AN DI TPQ AL HIJRAH 2 DESA KAHENA KEC.SIRIMAU KOTA AMBON
Authors: Rumalutur Rahmawati , Nurhasanah Nurhasanah
Published: June 2024

Dalam dunia pendidikan tentu di dalamnya ada peran seorang guru sebagai pengajar, guru dituntut untuk melakuan sebuah perubahan dalam dunia pendidikan, diantaranya guru berperan dalam peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran dalam dunia pendidikan formal, informal maupun nonformal. Dan proses pembelajaran di TPQ Al-Hijrah 2 saat ini masih kurangnya peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran Al-Qur’an baik itu dari anak-anak itu sendiri maupun dari tenaga pengajar. Serta masih kurangnya kualitas bacaan Al-Qur’an anak-anak. Untuk itu peneliti ingin melihat peran tenaga pengajar TPQ Al-Hijrah 2 dalam peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran Al-Qur’an di TPQ Al-Hijrah 2, dan masalah yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini yaitu: (1) Bagaimana Peran Tenaga Pengajar Dalam Peningkatan Kualitas Pembelajaran Al-Qur’an di TPQ Al-Hijrah 2 Desa Kahena Kec, Sirimau Kota Ambon. (2) Bagaimana faktor pendukung dan penghambat peran tenaga pengajar dalam peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran Al-Qur’an di TPQ Al-Hijrah 2 Desa Kahena Kec, Sirimau Kota Ambon . Metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan yaitu jenis penelitian kualitatif dan menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 18 Agustus 2021 -18 September 2021 di TPQ Al-Hijrah 2. Dengan sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah 4 para tenaga pengajar yaitu 1 pimpinana dan 3 orang tenaga pengajar.Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi,wawancara dan dokumentasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa adapun peran tenaga pengajar dalam peningkatan kualias pembelajara Al-Qur’an di TPQ Al-Hijrah 2: (1) sebagai Pembimbing, memberikan motivasi serta nasehat kepada para peserta didik atau santri dan selalu sabar dalam membimbing santri yang lambat dan sulit dalam bacaan mengajinya. Sebagi Pendidik, para tenaga pengajar selalu mendidik para santri mengenai kedisiplinan datang mengaji, memberikan nasehat dan memberikan hukuman hafalan bila santri melakukan kesahalahan. Sebagai Pengajar, para tenaga pengajar diharuskan menguasai materi yang diberikan kepada para santri berupa fikih ibadah, hukum bacaan, ilmu tajwid, makhrojal huruf. (2) Faktor Pendukung adalah tersedianya ruang TPQ yang cukup yakni 2 ruang TPQ untuk kelas Iqro dan Al-Qur’an, tersedianya Al-Qur’an dan Iqro sebanyak 30 Al-Quran dan 30 Iqro, tersedianya para tenaga pengajar, dukungan orang tua santri dalam kedisiplinan santri datang mengaji dan Kedisiplinan yang berlaku di TPQ Al-Hijrah 2 Desa Kahena Kec. Sirimau Kota Ambon. Faktor Penghambat adalah Kurangnya tenaga pengajar, teman yang cenderung mengajak bermain dan kurangnya perhatian dari orang tua santri untuk menjaga hafalan anak di rumah dan karakter dan sifat santri yang berbeda-beda.
ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICAL CONNECTION ABILITY WHEN SOLVED PROBLEM IN 7th GRADE SMPN 9 BURU
Authors: Madia Rusmin , Halimombo Nining
Published: June 2024

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the ability of students' mathematical connections to the solution of contextual problems of social arithmetic materials class VIID SMPN 9 Buru. This type of research is qualitative research prioritizing process deepening over results, researchers as the main instrument and supporting instruments (tests and interviews), put forward field research that requires researchers to be in the context of research. This research began from March 15 to 14, 2018 SMPN 9 Buru. Data analysis techniques are reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that students' mathematical connection ability in solving contextual problems in social arithmetic materials in class VIID SMPN 9 Buru, namely students meet indicators of mathematical connection ability according to NCTM (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics), namely; Recognizing and utilizing the relationships between ideas in mathematics, students are able to complete test questions by writing down what is known, asked answered, writing the right mathematical model and correct answers; Understanding ideas in mathematics are interconnected and underlying with each other to produce a coherent wholeness, students are able to answer problems using mathematical notations such as subtraction, addition and multiplication, and calculate properly and correctly; And knowing and using mathematics in contexts outside mathematics, students are able to associate mathematical concepts with everyday life, such as economics related to the problem of profit and loss in trading.Key words: Mathematical Connection Ability, Contextual, Social Arithmetic
e-PORTFOLIO AS OLEA TO IDENTIFY HIGHER ABILITY FOR STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Pemu Nasrullah
Published: June 2024

The importance of high ability (HA) for students in higher education so that they show ability as a resource who is ready to face the challenges in today's competitive era. This research was conducted to identify HA by utilizing online learning environment activities (OLEA). OLEA is applied in the form of online lecture activities combined with the e-portfolio approach. This activity involved 32 people who came from students majoring in mathematics class C 2019. By using a questionnaire distributed via Google Form, the results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results show that 1) the HA identification method with OLEA is good for motivating students to recognize their abilities, 2) OLEA needs to be designed in such a way as to initiate the development of students' HA, 3) the e-Portfolio approach is a good alternative to support OLEA.
PROFILE OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS’ ERRORS IN CONTRUCTING MATHEMATICS PROOF USING COUNTEREXAMPLES
Authors: Yohanes Rudi Santoso
Published: June 2024

Problems often encountered in mathematics are problems to prove and problems to find. Proving ability is very important, but it is still a weakness for most Mathematics Education students at Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya. This study describes the error profile of prospective teacher students in constructing mathematical proofs by using counterexamples and the factors suspected to be the cause of the error. This is exploratory-descriptive qualitative research, with six subjects of PSDKU Mathematics Education UKWMS who have taken Mathematical Logic and Set Theory. Data was collected using a test technique, the Mathematical Proof Ability Test, which was a subjective test consisting of 5 questions. The results of student work are then analyzed to describe the errors made by students in constructing mathematical proofs using counterexamples. The results showed that the errors made by students were: (1) errors in using the method of proof; (2) errors in using fundamental mathematical theorems; (3) errors in understanding the problem. The factors that are suspected to be the cause of student errors are: (1) students have a poor understanding of mathematical concepts; (2) students do not master the method of proof needed as a guide in carrying out mathematical proofs; (3) students do not have enough practice so they lack experience in constructing mathematical proofs by using counterexamples.
AN INVESTIGATION OF FAILURE SOLVING ILL-STRUCTURED PROBLEMS: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Mutianingsih Ninik , Prayitno Lydia Lia , Sugandi Eko , Fitriatien Sri Rahmawati , Kurniawan Agus Prasetyo
Published: June 2024

63 students were involved in the study and elected Rizka as the subject of research. This is a case study aimed at describing the cause of Rizka's failure in solving ill-structured problems about the rectangle. The results showed that the subject was able to represent the problem with own language. Rizka failed to build a solution that corresponds to the problem due to partial mastery of the rectangular concept. Rizka uses trial and error because it fails to associate a problem with a square concept that is the key to problem-solving success. Rizka success in the justification process because the process is counting without giving meaning. Meanwhile, the monitoring and evaluation process carried out by Rizka has failed. Rizka confusion determines the final solution because the solution is built does not qualify the problem solution. This is where the Rizka fails to provide the final solution. In this case, teachers have a role to teach their students to build relationships between concepts that can be utilized in problem-solving.
THE ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICAL PROOF ABILITY
Authors: Hardianti Siti , Tayeb Thamrin , Nur Fitriani , Majid Ahmad Farham , Baharuddin Baharuddin
Published: June 2024

The ability to prove mathematically is one of the important abilities in learning mathematics. This study aims to determine students' mathematical proof ability. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study, which involved 38 sixth semester students of the Mathematics Education Department, Tarbiyah and Teacher Training College, Alauddin Makassar State Islamic University with 3 of them being interview subjects. The instruments and data collection techniques used were researchers using diagnostic tests and interview guides. The analysis techniques used are data reduction, display data, and conclusion drawing / verification. The result of this research is that the students' mathematical proving ability in working on the questions is not optimal. In the indicator of the ability to construct evidence, students are less able to make connections between known facts and the elements to be proven. Furthermore, on the indicator of the ability to read a proof, students are less able to use definitions as a basis for providing arguments.
COVER AND TABLE OF CONTENT
Authors: Dan Pembelajaran Matematika
Published: June 2024

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ENHANCING STATISTICAL UNDERSTANDING THROUGH PjBL, VIRLENDA, AND WHATSAPP: A STUDY IN UNIVERSITAS PGRI ADI BUANA SURABAYA
Authors: Prayitno Lydia Lia , Mutianingsih Ninik
Published: June 2024

This study was motivated by the difficulties of students transforming the data into frequency tables and graphs and appreciate a group of data. This is envolve in low student understanding. Encounter this situation, researchers felt the need to carry out CAR to rise these problems through PjBL supported by Virlenda and Whatsapp due to the pandemic situation that did not allow offline learning. So, the purpose of this study is to enhance students' statistical understanding through PjBL supported by Virlenda and Whatsapp. The subject 10 students from the 2019-C class of mathematics education program, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya. Data were collected through observation, documentation, and tests. The data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The indicators of this study are there is no statistical understanding of students in the category less than "Good Enough" and observation components such as the focus of attention, activity, interest in learning, and seriousness of at least 70% of students. The results of this study, (1) the statistical understanding of all students in the minimum category of "Good" in the second cycle; (2) The observation component to the focus attention, activity, interest, and seriousness in learning satisfy criteria. This shows that the practice of PjBL supported by Virlenda and Whatsapp can improve the statistical understanding of students of mathematics education class 2019-C.
Dispersion of cell-to-cell uncoupling precedes low K+-induced ventricular fibrillation
Authors: Tribulová N , Manoach M , Varon D , Okruhlicová L , Zinman T , Shainberg A
Published: June 2024

We hypothesize that hypokalemia-related electrolyte imbalance linked with abnormal elevation of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration can cause metabolic disturbances and subcellular alterations resulting in intercellular uncoupling, which favor the occurrence of malignant arrhythmias. Langendorff-perfused guinea pig heart (n = 44) was subjected to a standard Tyrode solution (2.8 mmol/l K+) followed by a K+-deficient solution (1.4 mmol/l K+). Bipolar ECG of the left atria and ventricle was continuously monitored and the incidence of ventricular fibrillation was evaluated. Myocardial tissue sampling was performed during stabilization, hypokalemia and at the onset of fibrillation. Enzyme activities of succinic dehydrogenase, glycogen phosphorylase and 5-nucleotidase were determined using in situ catalytic histochemistry. The main gap junction protein, connexin-43, was labeled using mouse monoclonal antibody and FITC conjugated goat antimouse antibody. Ultrastructure was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The free Ca2+ concentration was measured by the indo-1 method in ventricular cell cultures exposed to a K+-free medium. The results showed that sustained ventricular fibrillation appeared within 15-30 min of low K+ perfusion. This was preceded by ectopic activity, episodes of bigeminy and tachycardia. Hypokalemia induced moderate reversible and sporadically irreversible subcellular alterations of cardiomyocytes and impairment of intercellular junctions, which were heterogeneously distributed throughout myocardium. Patchy areas with decreased enzyme activities and diminished immunoreactivity of connexin-43 were found. Furthermore, lack of external K+ was accompanied by an increase of intracellular Ca2+. The prevention of Ca2+ overload by either 1 mmol/l Ni2+ (Na+/Ca2+ inhibitor), 2.5 mmol/l verapamil, 10 mmol/l d-sotalol or 10 mmol/l tedisamil was associated with the protection against fibrillation. The results indicate that hypokalemia induces Ca2+ overload injury and disturbances in intercellular coupling. Dispersion of these changes throughout the myocardium may serve as the basis for microreentry circuits and thus favor fibrillation occurrence.
The Origins of the Hebrew Scriptures. Chapter 1. The Missing Scroll.
Authors: Maranz Nezer
Published: June 2024

This is the introductory chapter of a book in progress that grapples with the striking disparity between the pre- and post-exilic religion and way of life in ancient Judah, as attested archaeologically. The wild card is the textual history of the Mosaic Law. The preponderance of evidence indicates that it was written in the post-exilic Aramaic script (instead of Old Hebrew). Nevertheless, the story of Moses (along with the accounts of the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and the narrative of Joseph in Egypt) did not appear ex nihilo. The stories came from somewhere. Moreover, they had sufficient cultural authenticity to be accepted as Holy Writ by the date of the closure of the Hebrew canon. This enigma leaves us with the fascinating task of resolving the time, place, origin, original form and purpose of the earliest narratives in the biblical timeline.
Didactical design for online learning in ordering fractions
Authors: Isnawan Muhamad Galang , Alsulami Naif Mastoor
Published: June 2024

During COVID-19, various obstacles were experienced during learning, including in learning mathematics. Learning had to be carried out online. Therefore, learning designs were also attempted to be made online. The learning design in this research was prepared using didactical design research. Participants in this research were 29 students at one of the junior high schools in Indonesia. The researcher was the main instrument in this research, along with several additional instruments, such as the fraction sequence test, interview guide, and online learning design. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis and qualitative analysis. The research results revealed that the factor that caused students to experience obstacles in ordering fractions was due to students’ low prerequisite knowledge regarding LCM (conceptual ontogenic obstacle). The online learning design offered then facilitated students to solidify their understanding of LCM before entering the core learning activities. Online learning design was also developed using the theory of didactical situations. After implementation, information was obtained that the learning obstacles experienced by students had no longer reappeared. Therefore, learning in schools should ensure that students have a good understanding of the prerequisites before starting the core learning activities.
DNA Methylation Demonstrates Bronchoalveolar Cell Senescence in People Living with HIV: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Hernandez Cordero Ana I. , Li Xuan , Yang Julia , Yang Chen Xi , Shaipanich Tawimas , MacIsaac Julie L. , Dever Kristy , Kobor Michael S. , Montaner Julio , Harris Marianne , Guillemi Silvia , Man Shu Fan Paul , Sin Don D. , Leung Janice M.
Published: June 2024

Background: DNA methylation may be a link between HIV, aging, and the increased risk of lung comorbidities. We investigated whether bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells of people living with HIV (PLWH) demonstrate epigenetic disruptions and advanced epigenetic aging. Methods: BAL cell DNA methylation from 25 PLWH and 16 HIV-uninfected individuals were tested for differential methylation of Alu and LINE-1 sites, markers of aging. We used a weighted gene correlation network analysis to identify HIV- and age-associated co-methylation networks. We tested the effect of HIV on DNA methylation using a robust linear model (false discovery rate < 0.10). Results: The BAL cells of PLWH were marked by global hypomethylation in both Alu and LINE-1 elements. Six co-methylated CpG networks were identified that were significantly associated with age; of these, the red module was significantly differentially methylated in PLWH and enriched pathways (e.g., Ras signaling and T-cell receptors). We identified 6428 CpG sites associated with HIV. Conclusions: We have shown here for the first time that alterations in the DNA methylation of BAL cells in the lung with HIV show a pattern of advanced aging. This study strongly supports that HIV may contribute to an increased the risk of lung comorbidities through the epigenetics of aging.
Physiological Data Augmentation for Eye Movement Gaze in Deep Learning
Authors: El Hmimdi Alae Eddine , Kapoula Zoï
Published: June 2024

In this study, the challenges posed by limited annotated medical data in the field of eye movement AI analysis are addressed through the introduction of a novel physiologically based gaze data augmentation library. Unlike traditional augmentation methods, which may introduce artifacts and alter pathological features in medical datasets, the proposed library emulates natural head movements during gaze data collection. This approach enhances sample diversity without compromising authenticity. The library evaluation was conducted on both CNN and hybrid architectures using distinct datasets, demonstrating its effectiveness in regularizing the training process and improving generalization. What is particularly noteworthy is the achievement of a macro F1 score of up to 79% when trained using the proposed augmentation (EMULATE) with the three HTCE variants. This pioneering approach leverages domain-specific knowledge to contribute to the robustness and authenticity of deep learning models in the medical domain.
Dimensional Accuracy in 4D-Printed PLA Objects with Holes: Experimental and Numerical Investigations
Authors: Ene Alexandru-Antonio , Alexandru Tudor George , Popescu Diana
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the impact of material and process parameters—specifically, filament color, infill density, and pattern—on the dimensional accuracy of 4D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) objects featuring holes of varying diameters (6, 8, and 10 mm) that undergo a heat-induced recovery process. The objective was to understand how these factors affect shape retention and the dimensional accuracy of holes through a comparative analysis of the diameters before and after recovery. Increased variability in the hole diameters was noted after recovery, regardless of the values of the independent variables. The objects did not fully return to their original planar shape, and the holes did not completely return to their circular form, resulting in smaller diameters for each sample. No significant differences in the hole diameters could be determined. Additionally, there was no consistent trend in identifying the most influential parameter affecting the accuracy of the recovered holes. However, it was observed that higher infill densities improved shape retention. A quasi-static finite elements analysis model was developed to capture the mechanical behavior of the 4D-printed parts. This model incorporated temperature-dependent material characteristics to predict the strain occurring near the holes. Nodal displacements were defined according to the deformed shape. A correlation was established between the observed strains and the post-recovery dimensional accuracy of the specimens. The importance of this work was demonstrated through a case study involving a two-sieve filtering device for small objects.
Determination of the Possibilities of Using Woody Biomass Ash from Thermal Power Plants in Corn Cultivation
Authors: Rolka Elżbieta , Żołnowski Andrzej Cezary , Wyszkowski Mirosław , Skorwider-Namiotko Anna
Published: June 2024

Combustion of woody biomass in professional bioheating plants to generate heat and reduce the dust emissions from this process results in the formation of a huge mass of woody biomass ash (WBA). Due to WBA’s rich chemical composition and the assumptions of the circular economy, this mineral material should be used for environmental purposes to recover valuable macro- and micronutrients. The basis of the research was a pot experiment designed to assess the effect of six doses of WBA (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 g pot−1) on the growth, development, yield, and chemical composition of corn. Each pot contained 9 kg of soil. Observations show that the use of increasing doses of WBA had a positive effect on the height of corn plants, increasing its yield by 7 to 10% but reducing the dry matter content by 0.47 to 1.37% and the leaf greenness index (SPAD). Moreover, WBA application (T1–T5 treatments) had a positive effect on the content of macroelements (N, K, Mg, Ca, and Na) in corn biomass. A significant increase in the content of K (54%), Mg (38%), Ca (43%), and Na (19%) was observed. However, at the same time, a significant increase in the content of heavy metals—Ni, Cd, and Pb—was observed. Different results were obtained for P, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Co, whose content in corn decreased after WBA application to soil. The obtained results indicate the possibility of using WBA in an environmentally friendly way. However, due to the great diversity of this material in terms of the content of undesirable heavy metals, it is necessary to optimize its dosage and monitor its chemical composition. Considering the growing number of bioheating plants in our country in recent years and the resulting increase in the amount of WBA produced, it is necessary to develop a rational and environmentally friendly method for managing them in the future. The results of our research may provide partial indications of such solutions.
Energy Flow Analysis in Oilseed Sunflower Farms and Modeling with Artificial Neural Networks as Compared to Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (Case Study: Khoy County)
Authors: Nezhad Hossein Lotfali , Sharabiani Vali Rasooli , Tarighi Javad , Tahmasebi Mohammad , Taghinezhad Ebrahim , Szumny Antoni
Published: June 2024

The evaluation of energy input and output processes in agricultural systems is a crucial method for assessing sustainability levels within these systems. In this research, the investigation focused on the input and output energies and related indices in sunflower farms in Khoy County during the agricultural year 2017–2018. Data were collected from 140 sunflower producers through specialized questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. Additionally, artificial neural networks (ANNs), specifically the multilayer perceptron, were employed to predict the output energy. The results revealed that a substantial portion of the total input energy was attributed to chemical nitrogen fertilizer (43.98%), consumable fuel (25.74%), and machinery (8.42%). The energy efficiency (energy ratio) in these agroecosystems was relatively low, measured at 1.57 for seed and 7.96 for seed and straw. These values should be improved. The energy efficiency in seed production was computed at 0.06 MJ·ha−1, while, for the combined seeds and straw, it was 0.57 MJ·ha−1. In particular, seed energy efficiency represents approximately 11% of the overall biological energy efficiency, highlighting that a substantial 89% of the produced energy is associated with straw. The proper use of this straw is crucial, as its improper handling could lead to a drastic decrease in overall efficiency. Furthermore, the explanatory coefficient (R2) and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) to predict the output energy with the best neural network were 0.94, and 1.77 for the training data, 0.97 and 1.55 for the test data, and 0.9 and 2.08 for the validation data, respectively; additionally, 0.97 and 0.42 were obtained by an ANFIS.
Gout, Hyperuricemia and Crystal-Associated Disease Network (G-CAN) Conference 2023: Early-Career Investigators’ Abstracts
Authors:   Gout, Hyperuricemia and Crystal-Associated Disease Network
Published: June 2024

The ninth annual international G-CAN research symposium was held in La Jolla, CA on the 7th and 8th of November 2023. This hybrid meeting, a live face-to-face and virtual live symposium, was attended by 191 participants. Over 20 research abstract submissions were received from early-career investigators, for plenary oral and poster presentations. Here, we present the 20 accepted, lightly edited abstracts from the early-career presenters consenting to have their materials published. We thank and congratulate the presenters for their work and contributions to the meeting.
Triple Blockade of Oncogenic RAS Signaling Using KRAS and MEK Inhibitors in Combination with Irradiation in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Wang Xuan , Breuer Johanna , Garbe Stephan , Giordano Frank , Brossart Peter , Feldmann Georg , Bisht Savita
Published: June 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest of human malignancies and carries an exceptionally poor prognosis. It is mostly driven by multiple oncogenic alterations, with the highest mutation frequency being observed in the KRAS gene, which is a key oncogenic driver of tumorogenesis and malignant progression in PDAC. However, KRAS remained undruggable for decades until the emergence of G12C mutation specific KRAS inhibitors. Despite this development, this therapeutic approach to target KRAS directly is not routinely used for PDAC patients, with the reasons being the rare presence of G12C mutation in PDAC with only 1–2% of occurring cases, modest therapeutic efficacy, activation of compensatory pathways leading to cell resistance, and absence of effective KRASG12D or pan-KRAS inhibitors. Additionally, indirect approaches to targeting KRAS through upstream and downstream regulators or effectors were also found to be either ineffective or known to cause major toxicities. For this reason, new and more effective treatment strategies that combine different therapeutic modalities aiming at achieving synergism and minimizing intrinsic or adaptive resistance mechanisms are required. In the current work presented here, pancreatic cancer cell lines with oncogenic KRAS G12C, G12D, or wild-type KRAS were treated with specific KRAS or SOS1/2 inhibitors, and therapeutic synergisms with concomitant MEK inhibition and irradiation were systematically evaluated by means of cell viability, 2D-clonogenic, 3D-anchorage independent soft agar, and bioluminescent ATP assays. Underlying pathophysiological mechanisms were examined by using Western blot analyses, apoptosis assay, and RAS activation assay.
Host Cell Death and Modulation of Immune Response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Vu Annie , Glassman Ira , Campbell Giliene , Yeganyan Stephanie , Nguyen Jessica , Shin Andrew , Venketaraman Vishwanath
Published: June 2024

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), a prevalent infectious disease affecting populations worldwide. A classic trait of TB pathology is the formation of granulomas, which wall off the pathogen, via the innate and adaptive immune systems. Some key players involved include tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), foamy macrophages, type I interferons (IFNs), and reactive oxygen species, which may also show overlap with cell death pathways. Additionally, host cell death is a primary method for combating and controlling Mtb within the body, a process which is influenced by both host and bacterial factors. These cell death modalities have distinct molecular mechanisms and pathways. Programmed cell death (PCD), encompassing apoptosis and autophagy, typically confers a protective response against Mtb by containing the bacteria within dead macrophages, facilitating their phagocytosis by uninfected or neighboring cells, whereas necrotic cell death benefits the pathogen, leading to the release of bacteria extracellularly. Apoptosis is triggered via intrinsic and extrinsic caspase-dependent pathways as well as caspase-independent pathways. Necrosis is induced via various pathways, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Given the pivotal role of host cell death pathways in host defense against Mtb, therapeutic agents targeting cell death signaling have been investigated for TB treatment. This review provides an overview of the diverse mechanisms underlying Mtb-induced host cell death, examining their implications for host immunity. Furthermore, it discusses the potential of targeting host cell death pathways as therapeutic and preventive strategies against Mtb infection.
Acute Erythroid Leukemia: From Molecular Biology to Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Fernandes Priyanka , Waldron Natalie , Chatzilygeroudi Theodora , Naji Nour Sabiha , Karantanos Theodoros
Published: June 2024

Acute Erythroid Leukemia (AEL) is a rare and aggressive subtype of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). In 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined AEL as a biopsy with ≥30% proerythroblasts and erythroid precursors that account for ≥80% of cellularity. The International Consensus Classification refers to this neoplasm as “AML with mutated TP53”. Classification entails ≥20% blasts in blood or bone marrow biopsy and a somatic TP53 mutation (VAF > 10%). This type of leukemia is typically associated with biallelic TP53 mutations and a complex karyotype, specifically 5q and 7q deletions. Transgenic mouse models have implicated several molecules in the pathogenesis of AEL, including transcriptional master regulator GATA1 (involved in erythroid differentiation), master oncogenes, and CDX4. Recent studies have also characterized AEL by epigenetic regulator mutations and transcriptome subgroups. AEL patients have overall poor clinical outcomes, mostly related to their poor response to the standard therapies, which include hypomethylating agents and intensive chemotherapy. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (AlloBMT) is the only potentially curative approach but requires deep remission, which is very challenging for these patients. Age, AlloBMT, and a history of antecedent myeloid neoplasms further affect the outcomes of these patients. In this review, we will summarize the diagnostic criteria of AEL, review the current insights into the biology of AEL, and describe the treatment options and outcomes of patients with this disease.
Generalized Pustular Psoriasis and Systemic Organ Dysfunctions
Authors: Teshima Romane , Saito-Sasaki Natsuko , Sawada Yu
Published: June 2024

This review explores the intricate relationship between generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) and various systemic diseases, shedding light on the broader impacts of this severe skin condition beyond its primary dermatological manifestations. GPP is identified as not only a profound contributor to skin pathology but also a significant risk factor for systemic diseases affecting cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, pulmonary, and skeletal systems, as well as associated with an increased incidence of anemia, depression, anxiety, and arthritis. The research highlights the complex interplay of cytokines, particularly IL-17 and IL-36, which are central to the pathophysiology of GPP and implicated in the exacerbation of systemic conditions. Key findings indicate a higher incidence of cardiovascular events in GPP patients compared to those with other severe forms of psoriasis, notably with a stronger correlation between myocardial infarction history and GPP development. Liver disturbances, frequently reversible upon psoriasis remission, suggest a cytokine-mediated link to hepatic health. Renal dysfunction appears elevated in GPP sufferers, with IL-17 and IL-36 potentially driving renal fibrosis. Similarly, interstitial lung disease and osteoporosis in GPP patients underscore the systemic reach of inflammatory processes initiated in the skin. The associations with anemia, depression, anxiety, and arthritis further complicate the clinical management of GPP, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. The study concludes that managing GPP effectively requires a holistic approach that addresses both the cutaneous and systemic dimensions of the disease, advocating for continued research into the mechanisms that connect GPP with broader health implications to refine therapeutic strategies.
ZmNF-YA1 Contributes to Maize Thermotolerance by Regulating Heat Shock Response
Authors: Yang Yaling , Li Zhaoxia , Zhang Juren
Published: June 2024

Zea mays (maize) is a staple food, feed, and industrial crop. Heat stress is one of the major stresses affecting maize production and is usually accompanied by other stresses, such as drought. Our previous study identified a heterotrimer complex, ZmNF-YA1-YB16-YC17, in maize. ZmNF-YA1 and ZmNF-YB16 were positive regulators of the drought stress response and were involved in maize root development. In this study, we investigated whether ZmNF-YA1 confers heat stress tolerance in maize. The nf-ya1 mutant and overexpression lines were used to test the role of ZmNF-YA1 in maize thermotolerance. The nf-ya1 mutant was more temperature-sensitive than the wild-type (WT), while the ZmNF-YA1 overexpression lines showed a thermotolerant phenotype. Higher malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation were observed in the mutant, followed by WT and overexpression lines after heat stress treatment, while an opposite trend was observed for chlorophyll content. RNA-seq was used to analyze transcriptome changes in nf-ya1 and its wild-type control W22 in response to heat stress. Based on their expression profiles, the heat stress response-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in nf-ya1 compared to WT were grouped into seven clusters via k-means clustering. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the DEGs in different clades was performed to elucidate the roles of ZmNF-YA1-mediated transcriptional regulation and their contribution to maize thermotolerance. The loss function of ZmNF-YA1 led to the failure induction of DEGs in GO terms of protein refolding, protein stabilization, and GO terms for various stress responses. Thus, the contribution of ZmNF-YA1 to protein stabilization, refolding, and regulation of abscisic acid (ABA), ROS, and heat/temperature signaling may be the major reason why ZmNF-YA1 overexpression enhanced heat tolerance, and the mutant showed a heat-sensitive phenotype.
Alkali Metal-Ion Binding by a Model Macrocycle Containing a C-I···N Halogen Bonded Network: A DFT Study of C-I···M+ and N···M+ Binding Interactions, M+ = Li+, Na+, K+, and Rb+
Authors: Parra Rubén D.
Published: June 2024

The complexation of an alkali metal ion by a model macrocycle is examined using the M05-2X/DGDZVP DFT method. The macrocycle is built by connecting three cyclopenta[b]pyrrole motifs with alternating acetylene and ethylene linkages. Replacing one of the C-H bonds in each motif with a C-I bond allows for the formation of three intramolecular C-I···N halogen bonds. Two distinct binding modes were found for the complexation of each metal ion. In one mode, the binding of the ion occurs solely by the iodine atoms, via I···M+ interactions, while maintaining the integrity of the halogen bonds. The complexation energies are in the range −66 to −35 kcal/mol. In the other mode, the binding of the ion includes one nitrogen atom as well, with binding energies in the range of −71 to −38 kcal/mol. In this binding mode, the halogen bond network is weakened. The presence and strength of the interactions are further examined using AIM and NBO calculations. Lastly, the geometries for the transition state structures linking the less stable to the more stable metal ion complexes were obtained, and their calculated Gibbs free energy barriers were found in the range of 1.6 to 1.9 kcal/mol.
Who Are Bilinguals? Surfacing Teacher Candidates’ Conceptions of Bilingualism
Authors: Son Minhye , Kim Elisabeth H.
Published: June 2024

This qualitative study delved into the perceptions of “bilingualism” among 60 students in a teacher education program, drawing on survey responses at the outset of their training. Informed by the translanguaging framework, we analyzed teacher candidates’ responses to identify a range of views spanning from minimalist to maximalist and from monoglossic to heteroglossic perspectives of bilingualism. Our analysis revealed many teacher candidates had a strict and narrow definition of bilingualism based on minimalist and monoglossic standards, especially when considering their own bilingual identities, legitimizing only speakers with native-like proficiency in all language domains in two languages as true bilinguals. Interestingly, their conceptions of bilingualism, as future educators, tended to be more maximalist and heteroglossic when they considered the bilingual potential of their future students. These findings will contribute and challenge the discourses that favor and idealize perfect balanced bilingualism. Implications for research and practice for teachers and teacher educators in bilingual settings are discussed.
Metal 3D-Printed Bioinspired Lattice Elevator Braking Pads for Enhanced Dynamic Friction Performance
Authors: Kladovasilakis Nikolaos , Pechlivani Eleftheria Maria , Sfampa Ioanna K. , Tsongas Konstantinos , Korlos Apostolos , David Constantine , Tzovaras Dimitrios
Published: June 2024

The elevator industry is constantly expanding creating an increased demand for the integration of high technological tools to increase elevator efficiency and safety. Towards this direction, Additive Manufacturing (AM), and especially metal AM, is one of the technologies that could offer numerous competitive advantages in the production of industrial parts, such as integration of complex geometry, high manufacturability of high-strength metal alloys, etc. In this context, the present study has 3D designed, 3D printing manufactured, and evaluated novel bioinspired structures for elevator safety gear friction pads with the aim of enhancing their dynamic friction performance and eliminating the undesired behavior properties observed in conventional pads. Four different friction pads with embedded bioinspired surface lattice structures were formed on the template of the friction surface of the conventional pads and 3D printed by the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process utilizing tool steel H13 powder as feedstock material. Each safety gear friction pad underwent tribological tests to evaluate its dynamic coefficient of friction (CoF). The results indicated that pads with a high contact surface area, such as those with car-tire-like and extended honeycomb structures, exhibit high CoF of 0.549 and 0.459, respectively. Based on the acquired CoFs, Finite Element Models (FEM) were developed to access the performance of braking pads under realistic operation conditions, highlighting the lower stress concentration for the aforementioned designs. The 3D-printed safety gear friction pads were assembled in an existing emergency progressive safety gear system of KLEEMANN Group, providing sufficient functionality.
A Hydration Model to Evaluate the Properties of Cement–Quartz Powder Hybrid Concrete
Authors: Yang Bo , Liu Yao , Wang Xiao-Yong
Published: June 2024

Although quartz powder is a common concrete filling material, the importance and originality of this study lies in the development of a hydration model for quartz powder–cement binary mixtures and the adoption of this model to predict the development of concrete material properties. The purpose of this study is to use this model to promote the material design of environmentally friendly concrete and to elucidate the relationships in the development of the various properties of quartz powder concrete. The method used in this study was as follows: The parameters of the hydration model were obtained through seven days of hydration heat experiments. The hydration heat up to 28 days was also calculated, and the various properties of the concrete were predicted from the heat of hydration. The main findings of this study were as follows: (1) The ultimate hydration heat released per gram of cement for the different quartz powder substitution rates and quartz powder particle fineness was the same, at 390.145 J/g cement, as was the shape index of the hydration model at −1.003. (2) Moreover, through the model calculations, we found that, at the twenty-eighth day of the curing period for the quartz powder specimens with different quartz powder substitution amounts and different fineness, the reaction level of the cement was similar, at 0.963, as were the values of the cumulative heat of hydration, with both at 375.5 J/g cement. (3) The model showed that, in the late stage (28 days) of hydration for quartz powders of different fineness and when the substitution amount was the same, the cumulative heat of hydration over 28 days was similar. (4) The properties of concrete were evaluated using the calculated hydration heat. Overall, the predictive performance of the power and linear functions was similar, with no significant differences being found.
Oligoester Identification in the Inner Coatings of Metallic Cans by High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry with Cone Voltage-Induced Fragmentation
Authors: Beszterda-Buszczak Monika , Frański Rafał
Published: June 2024

The application of polyesters as food contact materials is an alternative to epoxy resin coatings, which can be a source of endocrine migrants. By using high-pressure liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS) with cone voltage-induced fragmentation in-source, a number of polyester-derived migrants were detected in the extracts of inner coatings of metallic cans. The polyester-derived migrants were detected in each inner coating of fish product-containing cans (5/5) and in one inner coating of meat product-containing can (1/5). They were not detected in the inner coatings of vegetable/fruit product-containing cans (10 samples). The respective detected parent and product ions enabled differentiation between cyclic and linear compounds, as well as unambiguous identification of diol and diacid units. Most of the detected compounds, cyclic and linear, were composed of neopentyl glycol as diol and two diacid comonomers, namely isophthalic acid and hexahydrophthalic acid. The other detected oligoesters were composed of neopentyl glycol or propylene glycol and adipic acid/isophthalic acid as comonomers. The compounds containing propylene glycol as diol were found to be exclusively linear cooligoesters. On the basis of abundances of [M+Na]+ ions, the relative contents of cyclic and linear oligoesters were evaluated.
Reduced Graphene Oxide-Supported SrV4O9 Microflowers with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Guangming , Li Yifan , Zhang Yi , Lei Shuguo , Hou Jiwei , Lu Huiling , Fang Baizeng
Published: June 2024

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have received considerable attention in recent years. Anode material is one of the key factors that determine SIBs’ electrochemical performance. Current commercial hard carbon anode shows poor rate performance, which greatly limits applications of SIBs. In this study, a novel vanadium-based material, SrV4O9, was proposed as an anode for SIBs, and its Na+ storage properties were studied for the first time. To enhance the electrical conductivity of SrV4O9 material, a microflower structure was designed and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was introduced as a host to support SrV4O9 microflowers. The microflower structure effectively reduced electron diffusion distance, thus enhancing the electrical conductivity of the SrV4O9 material. The rGO showed excellent flexibility and electrical conductivity, which effectively improved the cycling life and rate performance of the SrV4O9 composite material. As a result, the SrV4O9@rGO composite showed excellent electrochemical performance (a stable capacity of 273.4 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.2 A g−1 and a high capacity of 120.4 mAh g−1 at 10.0 A g−1), indicating that SrV4O9@rGO composite can be an ideal anode material for SIBs.
Comparing Nutritional Values and Bioactivity of Kefir from Different Types of Animal Milk
Authors: La Torre Chiara , Caputo Paolino , Cione Erika , Fazio Alessia
Published: June 2024

The growing interest in fermented dairy products is due to their health-promoting properties. The use of milk kefir grains as a starter culture made it possible to obtain a product with a better nutritional and biological profile depending on the type of milk. Cow, buffalo, camel, donkey, goat, and sheep milk kefirs were prepared, and the changes in sugar, protein, and phenol content, fatty acid composition, including conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs), as well as antioxidant activity, determined by ABTS and FRAP assays, were evaluated and compared. The protein content of cow, buffalo, donkey, and sheep milk increased after 24 h of fermentation. The fatty acid profile showed a better concentration of saturated and unsaturated lipids in all fermented milks, except buffalo milk. The highest content of beneficial fatty acids, such as oleic, linoleic, and C18:2 conjugated linoleic acid, was found in the cow and sheep samples. All samples showed a better antioxidant capacity, goat milk having the highest value, with no correlation to the total phenolic content, which was highest in the buffalo sample (260.40 ± 5.50 μg GAE/mL). These findings suggested that microorganisms living symbiotically in kefir grains utilize nutrients from different types of milk with varying efficiency.