bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective Study to Evaluate Biopsies of Oral and Maxillofacial Lesions
Authors: Singh Harkanwal Preet , S. H Thippeswamy , Gandhi Piyush , Salgotra Varun , Choudhary Shivendra , Agarwal Ritika
Published: June 2021

Background:

The clinical manifestations of these lesions comprises pain, paresthesia, swelling, drainage, tooth loss, root resorption, and facial deformity. Alteration in oral and maxillofacial (OMF) tissues of the lesions may cause esthetically and functionally unfavourable effects in patients.

Aims and Objectives:

To determine the frequency of odontogenic cysts, tumors, and other lesions.

Materials and Methods:

Patient's records of histopathological reports from the archives of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology were obtained and reviewed over a period of 2 years, and therefore, the lesions were classified into four groups. In cases of recurrent lesions, only the primary diagnosis was considered. The research protocol was approved by the ethical committee of the institution.

Results:

About 56.4% of males had ameloblastoma, 54.9% of females had cementoma. 59.4% females had giant cell granuloma, 87.5% females had pyogenic granuloma, 77.2% females had osteoma, 65.1% of the female population were belongs to the benign fibro-osseous lesions and 50.2% of females were from fibrous dysplasia in group 3. About 58.8% females had squamous cell carcinoma in group 4.

Conclusion:

To adequately determine the prevalence and incidence rate of OMF lesions, biopsies performed by other specialists such as otolaryngologists and plastic surgeons in OMF regions should also be evaluated.
Analyzing the Role of Malnourishment in Malocclusion: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Anand Kumar , Menka Kumari , Maloth Saritha , Nayak Subhash Chandra , Chowdhary Tina , Bhargava Manish
Published: June 2021

Background:

Malocclusion is defined as an occlusion in which there is malrelationship between the arches in any of the three planes or anomalies in tooth position beyond normal limits, the etiology being multifactorial. Malnutrition may also be allied to malocclusion, predominantly crowding, due to insufficient space for the teeth to erupt in the correct place.

Objectives:

The present study was conducted to investigate the role of diet as an etiological factor in the occurrence of malocclusion.

Materials and Methods:

Two hundred and twenty malnourished subjects were examined by a single experienced dental professional and the occlusal relationships were evaluated at a centric occlusion position by instructing the subject to swallow and then bite on the teeth together.

Results:

Ninety-eight subjects (44.54%) had Angle's Class I malocclusion with crowding: 18 (8.1%) presented with spacing. Angle's Class II division 1 malocclusion was evident in 52 subjects (23.63%), while Class II division 2 in 38 subjects (17.27%). Only 14 subjects (6.3%) presented with Angle's class III malocclusion.

Conclusion:

Dietary factors and dentition measures from a subset 220 malnourished subjects found that malnourished subjects with basal metabolic index <18.5 had statistically significant relationships with the crowding variables.
Assessment of Age-Related Changes of Salivary Immunoglobulin A Levels among Healthy Individuals
Authors: Shete Manishkumar Dinkar , Patil Dipak Baliram , Karade Priyatam , Chopade Rutuja , Gandhi Neha , Alane Uddhav
Published: June 2021

Background:

Secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the first line of defense against pathogens that invade mucosal surfaces. It has been reported that the immune system exhibits profound age-related changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the age-dependent changes of salivary IgA among healthy individuals.

Materials and Methods:

Saliva samples were collected from 120 healthy individuals (aged 11–70 years). The salivary IgA concentrations were measured by the use of a single radial immunodiffusion technique and analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis, and Chi-square tests.

Results:

The mean salivary IgA levels were 81.11 ± 4.50 mg/dl at age 11–20 years, 92.71 ± 13.76 mg/dl at age 21–30 years, 96.50 ± 4.04 mg/dl at age 31–40 years, 104.96 ± 10.15 mg/dl at age 41–50 years, 113.22 ± 7.85 mg/dl at age 51–60 years, and 91.38 ± 4.77 mg/dl at age 61–70 years. There was a significant difference among the mean salivary IgA levels of different age groups (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

These results showed that the salivary IgA levels exhibit age-related changes. Oral immunization may be considered to improve oral immunity when the salivary concentrations of IgA begin to decrease during lifetime.
Assessment of C-Reactive Protein Level in Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patient
Authors: Sharma Geeta , Kumar Randhir , Salam Sharib Abdus , Bhasin Prashant , Tewari Nishant Kumar , Yadav Suman
Published: June 2021

Background:

Potentially malignant disorders are highly prevalent in India. In this study, we assessed C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methodology:

Sixty-four patients (OSMF and OSCC) were undertaken and were classified into 3 groups, OSMF patients (Group I, 34), OSCC (Group II, 30), and healthy controls (Group III, 26). Immunoturbidimetry method was used for the estimation of CRP levels.

Results:

Maximum cases in Group I was seen in the age group 40–60 years (males-10, females-3), Group II in the age group 40–60 years (males-11, females-5) and Group III (males-5, females-6). The mean CRP level in Group I was 6.12 ± 4.5 mg/l, in Group II was 28.4 ± 21.5 mg/l, and in Group III was 3.15 ± 2.19 mg/l. The difference was significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Authors found that OSMF and oral cancer patients had increased CRP levels as compared to healthy subjects.
A Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage between Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer, Flowable Composite, and Cention-N in Class V Restorations: A Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope Study
Authors: Venugopal Krishnan , Krishnaprasad L. , V. P Prabath Singh , Ravi Arjun B. , Haridas Kaushik , Soman Drisya
Published: June 2021

Background:

Microleakage is a concern while restoring cervical lesions. Many products have attempted to minimize the interfacial gap between the tooth and restoration, the main pathway of microleakage.

Aims and Objective:

To compare and evaluate the microleakage in Class V cavity restored with nanohybrid flowable composite, Resin modified Glass Ionomer and Cention N.

Method:

Class V cavities were prepared on mandibular premolars on buccal surface with their occlusal margin placed in enamel and the gingival margin in dentin. The teeth were randomly assigned to three groups of 20 teeth each and restored with Flowable composite, Resin Modified GIC and Cention N. Samples were immersed in 0.5% Rhodamine dye, sectioned and microleakage measured using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. Statistical analysis was done using Oneway ANOVA Bonferroni's test and Kruskal Waliis test.

Results:

The average depth of penetration of dye and scoring of depth were noted. On comparing dye penetration values between groups, RMGIC is compared with Flowable composite and Cention N, statistically significant result was obtained suggesting lesser dye penetration in RMGIC group (P < 0.001) where other comparison did not.

Conclusion:

RMGIC showed significantly less microleakage compared to the other two restorative materials used in the study and enamel margin of all restorations showed lesser microleakage than dentin margin.
In vitro Assessment of Apical Microleakage of Teeth Sealed with Three Different Root Canal Sealers: A Comparative Study
Authors: Rai Kulwant , Mandhotra Prabhat , Sharma Neeraj , Patil Lalit , Sharma Akshey , Singh Simreet
Published: June 2021

Background:

For the success of an endodontic treatment, a hermetic seal is of utmost importance. The event of entry of cariogenic bacteria through the interface between the tooth and the restoration of a proliferation of these microbes and subsequent adverse effects on the pulpal tissue or recurrent caries can be expected. Hence, the present study was undertaken for evaluating the apical microleakage of teeth sealed with four different root canal sealers.

Materials and Methods:

Collection of a total of ninety freshly extracted mandibular first premolars was done for the present study. Establishment of working length was done by measuring the root canal length and subtracting 1 mm from it. All the specimens were divided into three study groups as follows: Group A: Endofill sealer group, Group B: EndoREZ sealer group, and Group C: AH Plus group. The resin points were supplied with the sealer (according to their respective study groups), and obturation was done. Application of four layers of nail polish was done on the entire tooth surface leaving the apical 2 mm portion. This was followed by immersion of the specimens in the India ink followed by storage for 1 week at room temperature. Afterward, thorough washing of the specimens was done in running water. Removal of the nail polish was done. All the specimens were observed under microscope for assessing the extent of dye penetration.

Results:

The mean apical dye penetration among specimens of Group A, Group B, and Group C was found to be 0.86 mm, 0.39 mm, and 0.03 mm, respectively. While comparing statistically, significant results were obtained. The mean apical dye penetration was highest for Group A and was lowest for Group C.

Conclusion:

Minimal microleakage is exhibited by a resin-based sealer. Hence, they provide a better apical seal in patients undergoing root canal therapy.
Assessment of Habits of Tobacco Use among Dental and Nondental Students of Indian Population: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Singh Iqbal , Khurana Jogjatin , Patil Lalit , Jadhav Manish Shivaji , Chawla Roshani , Patil Punam S.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Tobacco usage can be equated to an unending progressive pandemic which continues to spread globally at an alarming unhindered pace. Dental surgeons have a key role in initiating reduction and even cessation of tobacco habits. Hence, the present study was undertaken for analyzing the habits of tobacco use among dental and nondental students of Indian population.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 500 dental students and 500 nondental students were enrolled in the present study. Among dental students, only interns were enrolled across different dental colleges of India. A questionnaire was framed and was sent to all the students in the form of Google Forms. The questionnaire contained questions pertaining to the assessment of prevalence of tobacco use and type of tobacco use habit. All the results were recorded and analyzed.

Results:

Five hundred dental students and 500 nondental students were enrolled. Among the dental group, tobacco use habits were present in 23.8% of the students, whereas in the nondental group, tobacco use habits were present in 43.6% of the students. While comparing the prevalence of tobacco use habits among the dental and nondental groups, significant results were obtained. In the dental group, smoking habit and chewing habit were present in 44.54% and 32.77% of the students, respectively. In the nondental group, smoking habit and chewing habit were present in 52.29% and 29.82% of the students, respectively. While comparing the pattern of tobacco use among students of the two study groups, nonsignificant results were obtained.

Conclusion:

There is an urgent need of tobacco cessation programs in the community to decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with it.
A Survey of Retention Practices and Protocols Followed Among Orthodontists in India
Authors: SR Radha , Singaraju Gowri Sankar , Mandava Prasad , Ganugapanta Vivek Reddy , Bapireddy Hema , Pilli Lakshmi Narayana
Published: June 2021

Background:

There are different types of retention protocols and retainers prescribed by the orthodontists across the globe.

Aim:

The study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the retention practices followed by the orthodontists in India.

Materials and Methods:

A questionnaire link with a set of 29 questions was generated using the Google Forms App. The questions related to the basic demographic details followed by retention procedures in maxilla and mandible as related to the type of retainer, duration of wear, retention check-ups, and adjunctive procedures being followed. The Google forms were mailed to 1147 registered life members of the Indian Orthodontic Society.

Results:

The overall response rate was 20.1%. On receiving of the completed questionnaires, the data were statistically analyzed. Dual mode of retention, fixed retainers with removable thermoplastic resin (TR)/vacuum formed retainers (VFR) (24%) were the common type of retention in maxilla whereas the fixed bonded retainer (44.5%) was more commonly used in mandible. Full time wear of maxillary retainer was recommended by 85.2% of the respondents. The recommended duration of the fixed retainer is for 2–5 years (41.9%).

Conclusion:

A trend towards more dual retention instead of solitary removable or solitary fixed retention, more VFR instead of Hawley-type retainers has been demonstrated in the survey.
Awareness Regarding Impact of Tobacco on Oral Health: An Original Study
Authors: Agrawal Sneh , Jawade Rashmi , Sharma Leena , Mahajani Monica , V. Kurien Vino Tito , Mahitha M. C.
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

The use of tobacco in all forms is increasing day by day globally causing its ill effects on oral as well as overall health of the people and affecting their sense of well-being and quality of life.

Aim and Objectives:

The present study was done to investigate among patients the awareness of tobacco use and its ill effects on oral health.

Materials and Methods:

This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr. RRK Dental College and Hospital, Akola. A total of 297 patients were asked using a self-structured questionnaire.

Results:

Out of a total of 297 patients participating in the study, 48 (16.2%) were female and 248 (83.8%) were male. About 81.7% of the patients were aware that heart problems can be one of the ill effects of tobacco chewing, while 3.7% were still not sure about it.

Conclusions:

We found that patients had a knowledge about the impact of tobacco on oral health.
Cementum Malformations-Diagnostic Dilemma: Study in Western Maharashtra Population
Authors: Punde Prashant , Thorat Ashutosh Jaysing , Jangam Aditya Gopinath , Subhash Narne Raja , Haleem Shaista , Vadane Ashvini Kishor
Published: June 2021

Aim:

The present study was study to observe incidence of cemental malformations related to mandibular molar roots.

Materials and Methods:

All cases requiring radiographs of mandibular molars reporting to author during 2011–2019 were included in this study. Mandibular molars had been observed for any radiographic malformations. Any such alterations were noted.

Results:

Author has screened about 522 intraoral periapical radiographs in this study. A total of 63 cases of root malformations reported with two cases of cementoma were observed in this study. Both these cases were diagnosed as benign cementoblastoma (BC) on excisional biopsy.

Conclusion:

In this study, we have observed that incidence of cemental malformations is 1.2% and of BC is 0.38% as compared to overall incidence of 1%–6% in Western Maharashtra.
Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness among Dentists about COVID-19 Infection: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Banerjee Priyadeep , Pandey Shilpi K. , Munde Balaji Sugriv , Nagargoje Godavari Deepak , Mohani Sana , Shinde Mitra Ashok
Published: June 2021

Background:

This study was an attempt to evaluate the knowledge and awareness among dentists about COVID-19 infection.

Methodology:

This study was conducted among 580 dental professionals that comprised graduates (BDS), masters (MDS), postgraduates, and PhD fellows. A questionnaire containing information about knowledge, attitude, and awareness about COVID-19 infection was administered and recorded.

Results:

A total of 493 (85%) respondents replied correct answer that SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19. A total of 464 (80%) respondents replied that SARS-CoV-2 is the highest infectious virus among all. A total of 510 (88%) respondents replied the correct answer that 2–14 days is the incubation period of COVID-19 virus. Only 116 (20%) respondents replied the correct answer that MERS has high mortality. Only 87 (15%) respondents were aware of the appropriate mortality rate of COVID-19 disease. A total of 455 (78.4%) respondents had knowledge of the method of detecting COVID-19 infection (real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). Knowledge level was good as seen in 81%, fair in 9.5%, and poor in 10.5% of the respondents.

Conclusion:

The authors found that dental professionals had fair knowledge and awareness regarding COVID-19 infection.
Effectiveness of a Structured Instructional Module Regarding the Prevention of Oral Cancer among Adolescents in Urban Colleges
Authors: Vibhakar Vimal , Jethlia Ankur , Thakur Nidhi , Wasnik Milind , Sah Ram Prasad , Bandgar Subhash
Published: June 2021

Background:

Oral cancer is a preventable disease that can be controlled by tobacco cessation and health education. For development of a healthy nation, a healthy society is desirable that is dependent on physically and mentally strong adolescents and adults.

Objectives:

The present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness and utilization of a structured instructional module on knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the prevention of oral cancer among adolescents.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted on 500 preuniversity urban college students, divided into two groups: experimental and control groups (n = 250 each). A structured instructional module was developed and knowledge, attitude, and practice of students were analyzed. Pre and post values for all parameters were taken and subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software version 20.0.

Results:

The data were collected and compared for sociodemographic variables and knowledge, attitude, and practice of students for prevention of oral cancers. A statistically significant correlation was observed between all the parameters for both the groups. In the experimental group, a significant correlation (P ≤ 0.05) was observed between pre- and posttest values for knowledge, attitude, and practices for prevention of oral cancers.

Conclusion:

It has been observed that there are several implications of the structured instructional module in the field of education, practice, administration, and research.
Reliability of Photogrammetric Landmarks to the Conventional Cephalogram for Analyzing Soft-Tissue Landmarks in Orthodontics
Authors: Jaiswal Pragya , Gandhi Aniruddha , Gupta Abhinav Raj , Malik Nidhi , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Ramesh Kumar
Published: June 2021

Background:

Graber introduced facial photographs as an internal diagnostic aid. Facial photographs could serve as an important alternative assessment tool in the absence of equipment for cephalometric analysis.

Objectives:

The present study was aimed at assessing whether analyzing the photographs could have precision for assessing the landmarks appropriate for facial analysis. In addition, the relationship between frontal cephalogram and measurements on photographs was assessed.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty individuals including both males and females within the age range of 18 years to 28 years were enrolled in the study. Frontal facial photographs, as well as frontal cephalograms, were obtained for all the included study participants. Various soft-tissue vertical and horizontal landmarks were marked on both radiographs and photographs. The data were collected and subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:

The results showed a statistically insignificant difference between all the vertical and horizontal parameters on photographs and cephalograms. The reliability of the digital photographs was comparable to that of the cephalograms with nonsignificant differences in the recorded mean values using the one-way ANOVA test where the statistical significance level was kept at P ≤ 0.05.

Conclusion:

The present study concluded that photography is a cost-effective and reliable method for soft-tissue landmark identification, and allows recording the images of sufficient quantity for analysis. Low-cost and easily captured photographic images can replace costly radiographic procedures without causing any discomfort to the patients.
The Efficacy of Commercially Available Herbal Dentifrices in Comparison with Conventional Dentifrices against Two Common Oral Microbes: An In vitro Study
Authors: Thounaojam Nikesh , Sanjenbam Nelson , Pal Supriyo , Singh Dharmendra Kumar , Kumar Kunal , Shah Mayank
Published: June 2021

Background:

Mechanical plaque removal is considered the gold standard for controlling and prevention of plaque and gingivitis. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of commercially available herbal dentifrices in comparison with conventional dentifrices against two of the common oral microbes, namely Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans.

Materials and Methods:

To determine the antimicrobial properties of individual dentifrices, the zone of inhibition on the blood agar plates was measured and also disc diffusion method was used for testing the antibacterial properties for which a thin paper disc containing the antimicrobial agent was applied on a culture of bacteria grown on agar media. Each dentifrice was tested in 50% concentration (1:1 dilution [50% w/w] using sterile deionized distilled water/half strength) and 100% concentration (full strength). The blood agar plates were then incubated aerobically at 37°C. The measurement of zone of inhibition was done after 24–48 and 72 h on the underside of the Petri dishes using Vernier calipers.

Results:

At 50% concentration, Regimen B2 showed the maximum zone of inhibition which was closely followed by Regimen A1 for S. mutans, whereas at 100% concentration, Regimen A1 showed better effects. For C. albicans, it was observed that Dabur red toothpaste showed the significantly higher zone of inhibition at 50% concentration when the concentration was made 100% and also Dabur red toothpaste showed the maximum zone of inhibition.

Conclusion:

This concluded that the herbal dentifrices are equally and sometimes better than the conventional ones.
Prevalence of Oral Health Status and Needs in Institutionlized Physically Challenged Children
Authors: Mishra Rahul , Singh Atul Kumar , Tyagi Sanjana , Choudhary Harsha Vardhan , Gupta Shweta Kirti , Kumar Kunal
Published: June 2021

Background:

Oral hygiene has significant effect on the overall health of an individual as it has vital role in human life, so it is necessary to protect oral hygiene of all children since childhood.

Objectives:

The objectives were to evaluate and compare the prevalence of dental caries and oral hygiene status in institutionalized physically challenged children of Bihar.

Materials and Methodology:

A total of 700 (400 male and 300 female) children were included in the study that were physically handicapped and were institutionalized in various special schools. In this study, complete oral examination was done and was recorded by using Oral Hygiene Status-Simplified given by Greene and Vermillion, 1964, and all statistical analyses were done by using SPSS software. For statistical analysis, Chi-square test and ANOVA were used.

Results:

Out of 700 children, 48.8% (342) had dental caries with mean Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index of 0.86 (standard deviation [SD] ±1.37) and mean dmft index of 0.36 (SD ± 0.98). In this study, orthopedic, blind, deaf and dumb, and compound students were examined. It was observed that the dental caries prevalence was high in the blind group (71%) compared to that of the deaf and dumb group (40.2%), while oral hygiene status was observed as good in 42.2%, fair in 46.9%, and poor in 10.9% of children.

Conclusion:

Every dental professional should be aware of his/her responsibilities and provide both comprehensive and incremental dental care to improve the overall oral hygiene condition of physically handicapped children.
A Comparative Evaluation of Lateral Condylar Guidance by Clinical and Radiographic Methods – Hanau's Formula Revisited
Authors: Praveena Kanagesan , Ajay Ranganathan , Devaki Veeramalai , Balu Kandasamy , Preethisuganya Selvakumar , Menaga Venkatachalam
Published: June 2021

Background:

Various clinical methods for recording the condylar guidance (CG) are the intraoral check bite method, graphic tracings, and functional recordings. Accuracy of graphic tracings is affected by patient-related factors such as neuromuscular control of the individual, stability of record bases as well as stability of recording media. The current recommended average settings using Hanau's formula questionable, and thus reassessment is needed.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to use radiographic technique to determine the lateral CG and compare these values with those obtained using Hanau's formula and to evaluate whether there are differences between the right and left paths of the condyles.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty completely edentulous patients were selected. Articulator was modified with sectioned protractor for obtaining per degree interval calibration. With the protrusive records, the horizontal CG (H) was adjusted and the Bennett's angle (LCG-C) was calculated using the formula. With the tracing device in the mouth, sub-mento vertex projection radiographs were obtained. Each radiograph was traced and superimposed for Bennett angle determination (LCG-M).

Results:

The median (interquartile range [IQR]) of right and left LCG-C were 15.45 (0.8) and 15.50 (0.7), respectively. The median (IQR) of right and left LCG-M were 37.00 (6.0) and 36.50 (6.8), respectively. A statistically significant difference exists between LCG-C and LCG-M. Both LCG-C and-M values exhibited no variations on both sides.

Conclusions:

Radiographic technique yielded an amplified LCG when compared to the value obtained by Hanau's formula.
Clinico-Histological Evaluation of Dentino-Pulpal Complex of Direct Pulp Capping Agents: A Clinical Study
Authors: Abdul Muqthadir Siddiqui Mohammed , Murali Nikhil , Rai Priyank , Mirza Mubashir Baig , Salim Shazia , Aparna M. , Singh Shalini
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Direct pulp capping treatment (DPC) maintains pulp vitality by promoting healing or repair in dentistry, which can be attributed to the advent of bioceramic materials.

Aim:

This examination looked to evaluate the clinical and histological effectuality of Biodentine with Dycal for DPC.

Materials and Methodology:

In this study, 30 intact human orthodontic teeth undergoing therapeutic extraction were chosen to perform DPC. They were arbitrarily divided into two groups (n = 15) and DPC with Biodentine and Dycal was performed. Composite resin was used as permanent restoration. After a period of 1 and 6 weeks, clinical as well as electric pulp tests were carried out. Asymptomatic patients were re-called after 6 weeks; follow-up radiograph was taken. Electric pulp testing and thermal testing was done to check the pulpal status of the teeth. This was followed by atraumatic extraction, and the teeth were sent for histological examination. SPSS Version 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.was used for data analysis.

Results:

There was no pain and sensitivity in using Biodentine. Whereas, sensitivity and pain was noted when Dycal was used. The dentinal bridge was better with Biodentine when compared with Dycal.

Conclusion:

In accordance with the obtained results, it was concluded that on clinical and histological evaluation, Biodentine performed better as DPC agent. Subsequently, Biodentine is more dependable for the long-haul protection of dental pulp than Dycal.
Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of 0.2% Chlorhexidine, 2% LemonGrass Oil, and 2% Tea Tree Oil Mouth rinse on Salivary pH: An In vivo Study
Authors: Manikandan Saranya , Bhambal Annette M. , Ratchambiga K. S. , Nithiela M. , Swatheka J. K. , Sridarshini B.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Mouthwashes containing essential oils are used in the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Lemongrass oil (LGO) belongs to a section of andropogen called cymbogam of the family germineae and from it, the LGO is extracted. Tea tree oil (TTO) is extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia leaves (Myrtaceae family).

Aim and Objective:

The aim of the study is to evaluate the pH of saliva before and after using LGO and TTO mouth rinse and to determine its relevance to the oral health status.

Materials and Methods:

A purposive sample of 90 participants aged between 26 and 38 years were included in the study. The PH before and after the use of the chlorhexidine, LGO, and TTO mouthwashes are noted using the GC PH strips and a comparative study was made. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Comparative analysis was made with Wilcoxon signed-ranks test and found that the TTO gives a greater increase in salivary pH with a P = 0.001** (P < 0.05) which is found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The study conducted shows beneficial effects of TTO and LGO mouth rinse. Further studies with larger samples may produce more reliable values.
Management of Internal Disc Derangement Using Normal Saline and Sodium Hyaluronate: A Comparative Study
Authors: Singh Neha , Dubey Shailendra Kumar , Bhanawat Nilesh , Rai Gaurav , Kumar Abhishek , Vatsa Ritesh
Published: June 2021

Background:

Arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the unadorned form of surgical therapy which comprises of lavage of inflammatory enzymes and mediators and improve joint mobility and eliminate pain by pressure of the lavage solution in the upper compartment of TMJ.

Objectives:

The current study was conducted to assess and compare the effectiveness of arthrocentesis with normal saline alone and in conjunction with sodium hyaluronate (SH) injection in the treatment of internal derangement of the TMJ.

Methodology:

Sixty patients with internal derangement of the TMJ were randomly divided into two equal groups; Group 1 was performed with normal saline and Group 2 with normal saline followed by 1 ml of SH. The patients were followed up after 1 week to check for any postoperative complications and 1, 2, and 3 months for subsequent sessions and changes in subjective and objective variables.

Results:

The increase in mouth opening from preoperative to 3 months' postoperatively was 4.9 mm for Group 1 and 6.43 mm for Group 2. The change in the pain score (visual analogue scale scale) in Group 1 from the preoperative session to 3 months' follow-up was 7.23–4.1 and in Group 2 was 7.36–3.7. The difference in clicking/popping in Group 1 from preoperative session to 3 months' follow-up was 2.43–1 and in Group 2 was 2.4–0.53.

Conclusion:

Patients refractory to conservative treatment showed promising results with arthrocentesis with SH than arthrocentesis alone in treatment of TMJ internal derangement.
Cariostatic Efficacy of Cinnamon Water Extract on Streptococcus mutans: An In vitro Study
Authors: Mala Nutan , Sonal Sinha , Kumar Amit , Choudhary Harsh Vardhan , Songara Prafulla , Ramesh Kumar
Published: June 2021

Background:

Dental caries is a chronic, widespread, and infectious disease affecting the large population. Anticariogenic effects of different herbs and natural products are observed, cinnamon among these, showed the ability to inhibit Streptococcus mutans biofilm.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to assess the cinnamon water extract use on nicotine exposed S. mutans biolfilms.

Materials and Methods:

Microtiter plates having S. mutans culture were treated using varying nicotine concentration range (0–32 mg/ml). These were then either subjected to cinnamon water (2.5 mg/ml) extract or no treatment and analyzed using a spectrophotometer to see planktonic growth, total growth absorbance, and biofilm formation.

Results:

About 2.5 mg/ml of cinnamon water inhibits the S. mutans biofilm (nicotine-induced) considerably at various nicotine levels (0–32 mg/ml).

Conclusion:

Cinnamon water extract has a powerful inhibitory effect for S. mutans growth. Nicotine-induced S. mutans growth is markedly reduced by treating with cinnamon water extract.
Application of Willems Method as an Age Estimator in Early Adolescents of Bangalore Population
Authors: Shivakumar Boraiah , Bankur Rashmi , Chinna Sudarshan Kumar , Niveditha Boraiah , Jain Vipin , Sundar Deepa
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Dental age (DA) assessment is a reliable method for chronological age (CA) estimation used for criminal, forensic, and anthropologic purposes. Age estimation also provides valuable information when the birth date is unavailable, as in case of migrants. Furthermore, the CA of living people is important for employment and marriage purpose.

Objectives:

The aim of the present study is to check the reliability of the Willems method in the population of Bangalore.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted on 205 (109 boys and 96 girls) participants by their radiographic records in the department of forensic odontology using modified Demirjian's method by Willem et al.

Results:

A total of 205 subjects were selected for the study, among which 109 (53.2%) were boys and 96 (46.8%) were girls. The mean CA was 12.23 ± 1.75 and the mean DA was 12.20 ± 1.99. Willems method seems to be reliable in estimating DA in Bangalore populations.

Conclusion:

This study showed that the Willems method gave near precise estimation of the CA.
Knowledge and Practice about Self-Medication for Oral Health Problems among Population in Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Gowdar Inderjit Murugendrappa , Alhaqbani Meshal Mohammed , Almughirah Ahmad Mohammed , Basalem Saeed Abdullah , Alsultan Fahad Ibrahim , Alkhathlan Mohammed Rashed
Published: June 2021

Aim:

The aim of this study was to know self-medication practices among the population of Riyadh region for oral health issues.

Methodology:

A questionnaire consisting of demographic self-practice of medication for oral health problems and knowledge about self-medication practices was sent through Google forms and it was in Arabic and English languages. The link of the questionnaire was sent through social and requested to send the link to their friends and relatives.

Results:

About 50.4% of study participants were having self-practice of medication for oral health problems. Self-practice of medication for oral health issues was statistically significant according to age gender and education (P < 0.05). Toothache (62.4%) is the main problem triggering self-medication and lack of time (44.6%) is the main reason for self-medication. Pain killer (68.8%) was the main medication and antibiotics were used by 2.2% of subjects.

Conclusion:

Self-medication practice is prevalent in the world and hence, education regarding its consequences and adverse effects for the general public is mandatory.
Parental Attitude and Awareness toward Preventive Dentistry in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Almalki Sultan A. , Almutairi Majed S. , Alotaibi Abdulmajeed Mohammed , Almutairi Ahmed Saleh , Albudayri Lafi Muqbil , Almutairi Ramzi Zayed
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Preventive oral health of a child is dependent on the parental knowledge toward caries control, care of deciduous tooth, use of space maintainers for malocclusion, and utilization of various procedures available for preventing oral diseases by oral health professionals. This study was aimed to assess the attitude and awareness of preventive dentistry among parents residing in Riyadh city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional, questionnaire study was conducted among 300 male parents. Questionnaire was sent through the use of social media, and responses were collected.

Results:

Seventy-four percent of male Saudi parents were aware of prevention of oral diseases. 38.45% of male parents were aware of preventive dentistry procedure, but preventive dentistry utilization rate was seen among 6% population only. Attitude toward the prevention of oral disease was statistically not significant according to the age group and income but statistically significant according to education. The utilization of preventive procedures was significant according to education and income (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Awareness about preventive dentistry was more among Saudi parents but utilization rate was directly correlated to their education and income. After The utilization of preventive procedures was significant according to education and income (P < 0.05).
Lasers in Maxillofacial Surgery – Review of Literature
Authors: Shaik Khadar Vali , Alanazi Mohammed Ibrahim Nazal , Albilasi Rakan Menwer , Albalawi Bader Falah Arqoub , Alruwaili Faris Alturqi
Published: June 2021

The availability of different wavelengths of lasers has created a surgical panacea in the last decade and laser technology has become the standard of care for many oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures. In this article, based on literature search, we have reviewed the usage of laser in maxillofacial surgery based on the current evidence available on laser-assisted maxillofacial surgery, in PubMed database.
Comparative Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy of Turmeric and Chlorhexidine Gel as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in the Treatment of Gingivitis
Authors: Singh Swati , Kumar Barun Dev , Verma Santosh Kumar , Kumari Priyanka , Singh Neha
Published: June 2021

Background:

Dental plaque is a complex ecosystem which consists of densely packed microbial colonies, microbial by-products, salivary glycoproteins and desquamated epithelial cells. Clinical studies have proved the relationship between plaque and periodontal disease.

Aim:

This study compares the anti-plaque efficacy and anti-inflammatory potential of turmeric gel with 0.2% chlorhexidine gel along with scaling and root planing (SRP).

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and fifty individuals were selected and divided into three groups for the study. Group A was instructed to use 0.2% chlorhexidine gel, whereas Group B used turmeric gel along with SRP. Participants were assessed for plaque and gingivitis on the 14th and 21st days. Subjective and objective criteria were assessed. The clinical data were recorded and used for statistical analysis to obtain results.

Results:

The percentage reduction of plaque index (PI) between the chlorhexidine and turmeric gel on 21st day were 74.85 and 65.91 respectively. similarly, the percentage reduction of gingival index (GI) between the chlorhexidine and turmeric gel on 21st day were 58.49 and 62.46 respectively.

Conclusion:

Turmeric gel shows a slightly lower anti-plaque property in comparison to chlorhexidine gel. Their effect on a reduction of gingival inflammation was equal. It was also noted that turmeric gel showed better acceptability and biocompatibility by the participants.
Analysis of Surface Morphology and Elemental Composition on Zirconia Implants Before and After Photofunctionalization by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X ray Spectroscopy – An In vitro Study
Authors: Jaikumar R. Arun , Karthigeyan Suma , Bhat Ramesh , Naidu Madhulika , Natarajan Senthilnathan , Angamuthu Vignesswary
Published: June 2021

Background:

The purpose of this study is to analyze the surface morphology and elemental composition of zirconia implants before and after photofunctionalization.

Materials and Methods:

Ten zirconia implants (white sky implant system– Bredent Company) five each in the study group and control group was taken. Study group samples were treated with ultraviolet light for 48 h. Microstructured surface of the study and control group blanks at abutment and thread regions were documented by Scanning Electron Microscope The semi-quantitative element composition was analyzed using Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum.

Results:

SEM images of the study and control group divulged a varied array of topographical configuration of the abutment area and thread region at different magnifications. At low magnification, both study and control group revealed plain compact surface and wavy porous area, whereas higher magnification showed dense grainy regions of various sizes and intensities disrupted by pores. EDX spectrum analysis for elemental composition showed increased oxygen concentration in the study group (42.8%) than the control group (29.09%), whereas carbon concentration was lower in photofunctionalized group (34.34%) than in the control group (45.41%).

Conclusion:

In zirconia implants, photofunctionalization is a viable method to effectively enhance the surface topography and hydrophilicity of bone-implant interface.
Factors Influencing Clinical After Effects of Post Orthognathic Surgery - An Observational Clinical Study
Authors: Nasreen Saba , Tagala Mohammed Saif , Samal Sandeep Kumar , Gupta Abhinav Raj , Sah Ram Prasad , Bhattacharjee Debarshi
Published: June 2021

Background:

For maintaining the occlusion, screws to anchor bones are needed to be used in transalveolar manner to get the intermaxillary fixation in participants with no preoperative orthodontic treatment or participants with loose or broken appliances.

Aims:

The present clinical trial was hence aimed to assess the postoperative complications following orthognathic surgical repair of skeletal malocclusion.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-two participants were divided into two groups (n = 22). In Group I, predrill was done to create the holes in transalveolar position before screw insertion. For Group II, self-cutting screws were used without the drills. The radiographs were then taken to assess the associated root injuries. To evaluate the effect of different steroid doses on the pain, nerve healing, and swelling, the participants were divided into three groups (n = 14). Plate removal and associated factors were also evaluated. Collected data were statistically analyzed.

Results:

In Group where no predrill was done, no root injuries were seen. Considerably less facial edema was observed in Group II and III compared to control Group I. This difference was statistically significant with a P value of 0.2057. At 1 week, 3 months, and 6-month postoperatively in Group II and Group III, no significant difference was seen. No significant difference in the postoperative pain between the groups was seen (P = 0.85103). Neurosensory Visual Analog Score measurement revealed no significant difference between three groups at 6 months with the P value of 0.81821.

Conclusion:

The present study concludes that risk for the root injury is possessed by the screws that require predrill, whereas the self-drilling screws had no risk for root injury.
Inter Maxillary Fixation Versus Open Reduction for the Treatment of Mandibular Condyle Fractures: A Comparative Evaluation
Authors: Nasreen Saba , Bansal Anupam , Rela Rathi , Rai Gaurav , Sah Ram Prasad , Gupta Abhinav Raj
Published: June 2021

Background:

The treatment for fractured mandibular condyles aims at restoring the masticatory ability, occlusion, symmetry, and function as the bit were before the trauma. The treatment of the mandibular condylar fracture can be done based on the two protocols.

Aims:

The present clinical trial was conducted to collate aftertreatment upshot of closed treatment and open surgical treatment for mandibular condyle fractures.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-two patients were divided into two groups (n = 12) which were treated with either the closed reduction using intermaxillary fixation or open reduction and internal fixation. The following clinical parameters were assessed at 1st and 3rd day and at 1, 3, and 6 weeks: lateral excursion and protrusion, occlusion; interincisal opening, mandibular ramus height, deviation/deflection during jaw opening, and pain assessment using visual analog score. The collected data were subjected to statistical evaluation.

Results:

Interincisal opening was found to be 8.125 ± 0.3467 mm and 6.016 ± 0.1528 mm, respectively, for Group I and Group II which was statistically significant (P < 0.00001). At the 3 months and 6th week postoperatively, it was increased in the surgical groups to 17.433 ± 0.3822 mm and 19.175 ± 0.3696 mm, respectively.

Conclusion:

The present trial suggests surgical open reduction and internal fixation treatment of the mandibular condylar fracture is better than the nonsurgical closed reduction in terms of interincisal opening, lateral excursion, and protrusive mandibular movement range.
A New Zinc Reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement: A Boon in Dentistry
Authors: Kumar Amit , Raj Anil , Singh Dharmendra Kumar , Donthagani Shashank , Kumar Manoj , Ramesh Kumar
Published: June 2021

Background:

Conventional glass ionomer cement (CGIC) has many beneficial properties, but it has poor physical and mechanical properties. Therefore, new glass ionomer cement (GIC) is manufactured by adding zinc to improve the mechanical properties of GIC ChemFil Rock. This material possesses better flexural tensile strength and compressive strength in comparison to conventional to CGIC.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to compare four properties of ZRGI like fracture toughness, surface micro-hardness, abrasive wear, and roughness to other GIC material, which are commercially available as: resin-coated glass ionomer (EQUIA FIL).

Materials and Methods:

The study was done in dual phase. In phase-1, micro-hardness surface roughness, abrasion of four GIC and a composite resin as control was analyzed and in phase-2, fracture toughness of four GIC was done at 24 h interval so that all cement achieve its peak strength.

Results:

Micro-hardness value of ChemFil Rock was lowest among different GIC groups. All four GIC group exhibit similar abrasion capacities, while composite were more wear-resistant significantly. Roughness change was highest on ChemFil Rock compared to other GIC. EQUIA FIL has the highest fracture toughness, followed by ChemFil Rock.

Conclusion:

We can conclude that incorporating zinc in the matrix of chemfil rock increases fracture toughness and good abrasive wear, but it does not improve micro-hardness or surface roughness.
Evaluation of Dental Status in Relation to Excessive Horizontal and Vertical Overlap in North Indian Population
Authors: Raj Anil , Ranjan Ravi , Kumar Amit , Kumar Mukesh , Mala Nutan , Ramesh Kumar
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Tooth wear (attrition) is a multifactorial entity, the pathogenesis of which involves many factors but the role of malocclusion cannot be undermined. Overjet and overbite play an important role in defining occlusion, hence they should also play an important role in causing attrition.

Objectives:

This study aims to evaluate the relationship of dental health status between the vertical and horizontal overlap.

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted on 600 patients selected randomly from rural population which were divided into three equal groups as per the predefined criteria, namely, horizontal overlap, vertical overlap, and control group. All patients were examined for the tooth attrition.

Results:

In Group 1 – 73 patients out of 200 showed one or more teeth attrition, in Group 2 – 38 patients out of 200 showed one or more teeth attrition, and in the control group, 22 patients out of 200 showed one or more teeth attrition.

Conclusion:

It was concluded that both vertical and horizontal abnormal relationships of teeth play an important role in the etiology of attrition, with abnormal horizontal overlap being the more detrimental as compared to the vertical one.