bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circular Technology Roadmapping (TRM): Fostering Sustainable Material Development
Authors: Cobra Raphael , Sanvezzo Paula , Branciforti Marcia , Mascarenhas Janaina
Published: June 2021

To design more sustainable products often means improving the sustainability of materials. Currently, sustainable innovation calls upon materials to not only minimize environmental impacts but also to become circular. That requires efforts to keep materials functional for longer, avoid early disposal, and re-entering the cycle via recycling and other feedback processes. Those emerging challenges for materials development and the Circular Economy (CE) are especially critical in the case of polymers. How to develop strategies to preserve the value of polymers remains a question that mobilizes both researchers and practitioners. Technology Roadmapping (TRM) is a tool traditionally used for planning innovation processes and has supported the development of sustainable materials and other sustainability-related projects. This study tests TRM’s potential to assist with the planning of new circular polymers solutions and proposes the Circular TRM method. This proposition results from the case study of the development of waste-based fiber-polymer materials and strategies for getting them into the market. Our case study demonstrates how it would be possible to differentiate the various polymer material technologies and determine the most circular strategy path.
Different Impact of Perceptual Fluency and Schema Congruency on Sustainable Learning
Authors: Meier Beat , Muhmenthaler Michèle C.
Published: June 2021

Perceptual fluency, that is, the ease with which people perceive information, has diverse effects on cognition and learning. For example, when judging the truth of plausible but incorrect information, easy-to-read statements are incorrectly judged as true while difficult to read statements are not. As we better remember information that is consistent with pre-existing schemata (i.e., schema congruency), statements judged as true should be remembered better, which would suggest that fluency boosts memory. Another line of research suggests that learning information from hard-to-read statements enhances subsequent memory compared to easy-to-read statements (i.e., desirable difficulties). In the present study, we tested these possibilities in two experiments with student participants. In the study phase, they read plausible statements that were either easy or difficult to read and judged their truth. To assess the sustainability of learning, the test phase in which we tested recognition memory for these statements was delayed for 24 h. In Experiment 1, we manipulated fluency by presenting the statements in colors that made them easy or difficult to read. In Experiment 2, we manipulated fluency by presenting the statements in font types that made them easy or difficult to read. Moreover, in Experiment 2, memory was tested either immediately or after a 24 h delay. In both experiments, the results showed a consistent effect of schema congruency, but perceptual fluency did not affect sustainable learning. However, in the immediate test of Experiment 2, perceptual fluency enhanced memory for schema-incongruent materials. Thus, perceptual fluency can boost initial memory for schema-incongruent memory most likely due to short-lived perceptual traces, which are cropped during consolidation, but does not boost sustainable learning. We discuss these results in relation to research on the role of desirable difficulties for student learning, to effects of cognitive conflict on subsequent memory, and more generally in how to design learning methods and environments in a sustainable way.
Retailer’s Emergency Ordering Policy When Facing an Impending Supply Disruption
Authors: Huang Jingfu , Wu Gaoke , Wang Yiju
Published: June 2021

Supply disruption is a common phenomenon in business activities. For the case where the supply disruption is predictable, the retailer should make an emergency procurement beforehand to decrease the inventory cost. For the scenario such that the happening time of the supply disruption obeys a certain common probability distribution but the ending time of the supply disruption is deterministic, based on minimizing the inventory cost and under two possible procurement strategies, we establish an emergency procurement optimization model. By considering the model solution in all cases, we establish a closed-form solution to the optimization model and provide an optimal emergency procurement policy to the retailer. Some numerical experiments are made to test the validity of the model and the effect of the involved parameters on the emergency procurement policy.
Evaluation of the Tourism Climate Index in the Canary Islands
Authors: Alonso-Pérez Silvia , López-Solano Javier , Rodríguez-Mayor Lourdes , Márquez-Martinón José Miguel
Published: June 2021

In this study, we performed a diagnostic and evolutive analysis of the bioclimatology of the Canary Islands, an Atlantic archipelago where the climate itself is a main feature promoting tourism. Among all the tourist-climate indices described in the literature, we evaluated the most widely used, which is the Tourism Climate Index (TCI) proposed by Mieczkowski (1985). Monthly mean TCI time series were calculated using meteorological data from the Spanish State Meteorological Agency database and the European Climate Assessment and Dataset. Our results show TCI values greater than 50 during almost every month in the period 1950–2018, with mean values over the entire time series between 70 and 80. According to the TCI classification scheme, these values correspond to a very good thermal comfort along all of the period. Our results also point to spring as the season with the best TCI, with maximum values around 80 for this index in April—excellent according to the TCI classification. However, we did not find a correlation between inbound arrivals and the TCI index, which might point to a lack of information available to tourists. This opens an opportunity for policymakers and tour operators to better publicize the best seasons for holidays in the islands.
The Idea of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Opinion of Future Managers—Comparative Research between Poland and Georgia
Authors: Zdonek Iwona , Mularczyk Anna , Polok Grzegorz
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the issue of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the awareness of economics students as future managers responsible for the implementation of this idea in enterprises. Due to the fact that CSR is a source of many innovations today, the aim of the research was to learn about the awareness and opinions of students about CSR on such issues as: reasons for implementation, main activities, impact on profitability, and the need to explore and assess the usefulness of this knowledge. The research was conducted in 2019 among students from Poland and Georgia (as countries at various stages of advancement in the market economy). The results of the research were statistically analyzed in terms of obtaining answers to the hypotheses and research questions, checking the significance of differences in the answers due to nationality, and additionally, gender (chi-square test and test for two proportions). The primary contribution of this study is an exploration of the views of students on various issues of CSR and sustainability. The results showed that—according to students—ethical values, increased consumer awareness, and the desire to gain a competitive advantage are the most common reasons for the implementation of the CSR concept by companies. The vast majority of respondents indicated the need to enrich the knowledge of business ethics as an important aspect shaping the attitudes of employers and employees. The positive attitude of students regarding the impact of CSR on the company’s profitability was confirmed, although the authors expected more unambiguous results. Differences were also distinguished between the responses of students from both countries on some issues, such as: opinions on the developing ethical sensitivity, the need for the credibility of the EU economic policy, ecology and relations with the local community, as well as relations with the closest stakeholders of companies. The results of the conducted research suggest the need for intense activity in the field of public awareness and the requirement of personnel training for the skilful implementation of CSR principles in enterprises.
Symmetric and Non-Symmetric Flows of Burgers’ Fluids through Porous Media between Parallel Plates
Authors: Fetecau Constantin , Vieru Dumitru
Published: June 2021

Unidirectional unsteady flows of the incompressible Burgers’ fluids between two infinite horizontal parallel plates are analytically studied when the magnetic and porous effects are taken into consideration. The fluid motion is induced by the two plates, which move in their planes with time-dependent velocities. Exact general expressions are established both for the dimensionless velocity and shear stress fields as well as the corresponding Darcy’s resistance in the channel using the Laplace transform. If both plates move with equal velocities in the same direction, the fluid motion becomes symmetric with respect to the mid-plane between them. Otherwise, its motion is non-symmetric. To bring to light the behavior of the fluid, the dimensionless velocity profiles versus the spatial variable as well as its time evolution are presented both for the symmetric and asymmetric case. Finally, for comparison, similar graphical representations are presented together for the velocities of the incompressible Oldroyd-B and Burgers’ fluids. For large values of the time t, as expected, the behavior of the two different fluids is almost identical. The Darcy’s resistance against y is also graphically represented for the symmetric flow at different values of the time t. The influence of the magnetic field on the fluid motion is graphically revealed and discussed.
Linear Differential Equations on Some Classes of Weighted Function Spaces
Authors: El-Sayed Ahmed Ahmed , Shammaky Amnah E.
Published: June 2021

Some weighted-type classes of holomorphic function spaces were introduced in the current study. Moreover, as an application of the new defined classes, the specific growth of certain entire-solutions of a linear-type differential equation by the use of concerned coefficients of certain analytic-type functions, that is the equation h(k)+Kk−1(υ)h(k−1)+…+K1(υ)h′+K0(υ)h=0, will be discussed in this current research, whereas the considered coefficients K0(υ),…,Kk−1(υ) are holomorphic in the disc ΓR={υ∈C:|υ|<R},0<R≤∞. In addition, some non-trivial specific examples are illustrated to clear the roles of the obtained results with some sharpness sense. Hence, the obtained results are strengthen to some previous interesting results from the literature.
The Censored Beta-Skew Alpha-Power Distribution
Authors: Martínez-Flórez Guillermo , Tovar-Falón Roger , Martínez-Guerra María
Published: June 2021

This paper introduces a new family of distributions for modelling censored multimodal data. The model extends the widely known tobit model by introducing two parameters that control the shape and the asymmetry of the distribution. Basic properties of this new family of distributions are studied in detail and a model for censored positive data is also studied. The problem of estimating parameters is addressed by considering the maximum likelihood method. The score functions and the elements of the observed information matrix are given. Finally, three applications to real data sets are reported to illustrate the developed methodology.
Cluster of Angiostrongyliasis Cases Following Consumption of Raw Monitor Lizard in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Review of the Literature
Authors: Yang Leeyounjera , Darasavath Chirapha , Chang Ko , Vilay Vilayvanh , Sengduangphachanh Amphonesavanh , Adsamouth Aphaphone , Vongsouvath Manivanh , Keolouangkhot Valy , Robinson Matthew T.
Published: June 2021

Angiostrongyliasis in humans causes a range of symptoms from mild headache and myalgia to neurological complications, coma and death. Infection is caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked intermediate or paratenic hosts infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis or via contaminated vegetables or water. We describe a cluster of cases involved in the shared meal of wild raw monitor lizard in the Lao PDR. Seven males, aged 22–36 years, reported headaches, abdominal pain, arthralgia, myalgia, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, neurological effects and loss of appetite. Five were admitted to hospital. The final diagnosis was made by clinical presentation and case history, and positive A. cantonensis PCR for two cases. All hospitalized patients recovered fully following supportive treatment. The remaining two individuals sought local home remedies and made full recovery. Whilst most published reports concern infections via consumption of molluscs, few detailed reports exist on infections that result from the consumption of reptiles and there exists little awareness in Lao PDR. This case cluster, which originates from a single meal, highlights the potential public health risk of the consumption of raw and wild-caught meat in Lao PDR and the Southeast Asia region. Without specific diagnostics, clinical history and the consideration of recent food consumption are important when evaluating patients.
Almost-Pseudo-Ricci Symmetric FRW Universe with a Dynamic Cosmological Term and Equation of State
Authors: Mandal Sanjay , De Avik , Loo Tee-How , Sahoo Pradyumn Kumar
Published: June 2021

The objective of the present paper is to investigate an almost-pseudo-Ricci symmetric FRW spacetime with a constant Ricci scalar in a dynamic cosmological term Λ(t) and equation of state (EoS) ω(t) scenario. Several cosmological parameters are calculated in this setting and thoroughly studied, which shows that the model satisfies the late-time accelerating expansion of the universe. We also examine all of the energy conditions to check our model’s self-stability.
Retrospective Characterization of the 2006–2007 Swine Vesicular Disease Epidemic in Northern Italy by Whole Genome Sequence Analysis
Authors: Pezzoni Giulia , Bregoli Arianna , Chiapponi Chiara , Grazioli Santina , Di Nardo Antonello , Brocchi Emiliana
Published: June 2021

Advances in the epidemiological tracing of pathogen transmission have been largely driven by the increasing characterisation of whole-genome sequence data obtained at a finer resolution from infectious disease outbreaks. Dynamic models that integrate genomic and epidemiological data further enhance inference on the evolutionary history and transmission dynamics of epidemic outbreaks by reconstructing the network of ‘who-infected-whom’. Swine Vesicular Disease (SVD) was present in Italy from 1966 until 2015, and since the mid-1990s, it has mainly been circulating within Italy’s central-southern regions with sporadic incursions to the north of the country. However, a recrudescence of SVD in northern Italy was recorded between November 2006 and October 2007, leading to a large-scale epidemic that significantly affected the intensive pig industry of the Lombardy region. In this study, by using whole-genome sequence data in combination with epidemiological information on disease occurrences, we report a retrospective epidemiological investigation of the 2006–2007 SVD epidemic, providing new insights into the transmission dynamics and evolutionary mode of the two phases that characterised the epidemic event. Our analyses support evidence of undetected premises likely missed in the chain of observed infections, of which the role as the link between the two phases is reinforced by the tempo of SVD virus evolution. These silent transmissions, likely resulting from the gradual loss of a clear SVD clinical manifestation linked to sub-clinical infections, may pose a risk of failure in the early detection of new cases. This study emphasises the power of joint inference schemes based on genomic and epidemiological data integration to inform the transmission dynamics of disease epidemics, ultimately aimed at better disease control.
Progress in Anti-Mammarenavirus Drug Development
Authors: Kim Yu-Jin , Venturini Victor , de la Torre Juan C.
Published: June 2021

Mammarenaviruses are prevalent pathogens distributed worldwide, and several strains cause severe cases of human infections with high morbidity and significant mortality. Currently, there is no FDA-approved antiviral drugs and vaccines against mammarenavirus and the potential treatment option is limited to an off-label use of ribavirin that shows only partial protective effect and associates with side effects. For the past few decades, extensive research has reported potential anti-mammarenaviral drugs and their mechanisms of action in host as well as vaccine candidates. This review describes current knowledge about mammarenavirus virology, progress of antiviral drug development, and technical strategies of drug screening.
Prevention of CD8 T Cell Deletion during Chronic Viral Infection
Authors: Brooks David G. , Tishon Antoinette , Oldstone Michael B. A. , McGavern Dorian B.
Published: June 2021

During chronic viral infections, CD8 T cells rapidly lose antiviral and immune-stimulatory functions in a sustained program termed exhaustion. In addition to this loss of function, CD8 T cells with the highest affinity for viral antigen can be physically deleted. Consequently, treatments designed to restore function to exhausted cells and control chronic viral replication are limited from the onset by the decreased breadth of the antiviral T cell response. Yet, it remains unclear why certain populations of CD8 T cells are deleted while others are preserved in an exhausted state. We report that CD8 T cell deletion during chronic viral infection can be prevented by therapeutically lowering viral replication early after infection. The initial resistance to deletion enabled long-term maintenance of antiviral cytolytic activity of the otherwise deleted high-affinity CD8 T cells. In combination with decreased virus titers, CD4 T cell help and prolonged interactions with costimulatory molecules B7-1/B7-2 were required to prevent CD8 T cell deletion. Thus, therapeutic strategies to decrease early virus replication could enhance virus-specific CD8 T cell diversity and function during chronic infection.
Professor Robert Braidwood Sim—“Bob”—A Career in Complement Research Spanning 1973–2021
Authors: Reid Kenneth
Published: June 2021

Bob joined the MRC Immunochemistry Unit, within the Department of Biochemistry at Oxford University, as a D [...]
Development of a Sensitive Detection Method for Alphaviruses and Its Use as a Virus Neutralization Assay
Authors: Schmidt Christin , Perkovic Mario , Schnierle Barbara S.
Published: June 2021

Alphaviruses have a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome that contains two open reading frames encoding either the non-structural or the structural genes. Upon infection, the genomic RNA is translated into the non-structural proteins (nsPs). NsPs are required for viral RNA replication and transcription driven from the subgenomic promoter (sgP). Transfection of an RNA encoding the luciferase gene under the control of the sgP into cells enabled the detection of replication-competent chikungunya virus (CHIKV) or Mayaro virus (MAYV) with high sensitivity as a function of the induced luciferase activity. This assay principle was additionally used to analyze virus-neutralizing antibodies in sera and might be an alternative to standard virus neutralization assays based on virus titration or the use of genetically modified tagged viruses.
Immune Evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Emerging Variants: What Have We Learnt So Far?
Authors: Lazarevic Ivana , Pravica Vera , Miljanovic Danijela , Cupic Maja
Published: June 2021

Despite the slow evolutionary rate of SARS-CoV-2 relative to other RNA viruses, its massive and rapid transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic has enabled it to acquire significant genetic diversity since it first entered the human population. This led to the emergence of numerous variants, some of them recently being labeled “variants of concern” (VOC), due to their potential impact on transmission, morbidity/mortality, and the evasion of neutralization by antibodies elicited by infection, vaccination, or therapeutic application. The potential to evade neutralization is the result of diversity of the target epitopes generated by the accumulation of mutations in the spike protein. While three globally recognized VOCs (Alpha or B.1.1.7, Beta or B.1.351, and Gamma or P.1) remain sensitive to neutralization albeit at reduced levels by the sera of convalescent individuals and recipients of several anti-COVID19 vaccines, the effect of spike variability is much more evident on the neutralization capacity of monoclonal antibodies. The newly recognized VOC Delta or lineage B.1.617.2, as well as locally accepted VOCs (Epsilon or B.1.427/29-US and B1.1.7 with the E484K-UK) are indicating the necessity of close monitoring of new variants on a global level. The VOCs characteristics, their mutational patterns, and the role mutations play in immune evasion are summarized in this review.
A Fluorescent Real-Time Plaque Assay Enables Single-Cell Analysis of Virus-Induced Cytopathic Effect by Live-Cell Imaging
Authors: Arias-Arias Jorge L. , Corrales-Aguilar Eugenia , Mora-Rodríguez Rodrigo A.
Published: June 2021

Conventional plaque assays rely on the use of overlays to restrict viral infection allowing the formation of distinct foci that grow in time as the replication cycle continues leading to countable plaques that are visualized with standard techniques such as crystal violet, neutral red, or immunolabeling. This classical approach takes several days until large enough plaques can be visualized and counted with some variation due to subjectivity in plaque recognition. Since plaques are clonal lesions produced by virus-induced cytopathic effect, we applied DNA fluorescent dyes with differential cell permeability to visualize them by live-cell imaging. We could observe different stages of that cytopathic effect corresponding to an early wave of cells with chromatin-condensation followed by a wave of dead cells with membrane permeabilization within plaques generated by different animal viruses. This approach enables an automated plaque identification using image analysis to increase single plaque resolution compared to crystal violet counterstaining and allows its application to plaque tracking and plaque reduction assays to test compounds for both antiviral and cytotoxic activities. This fluorescent real-time plaque assay sums to those next-generation technologies by combining this robust classical method with modern fluorescence microscopy and image analysis approaches for future applications in virology.
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus: Current Advances and Future Prospects of Antiviral Strategies
Authors: Dai Shiyu , Deng Fei , Wang Hualin , Ning Yunjia
Published: June 2021

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a widespread, tick-borne pathogen that causes Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) with high morbidity and mortality. CCHFV is transmitted to humans through tick bites or direct contact with patients or infected animals with viremia. Currently, climate change and globalization have increased the transmission risk of this biosafety level (BSL)-4 virus. The treatment options of CCHFV infection remain limited and there is no FDA-approved vaccine or specific antivirals, which urges the identification of potential therapeutic targets and the design of CCHF therapies with greater effort. In this article, we discuss the current progress and some future directions in the development of antiviral strategies against CCHFV.
Comprehensive Profiling of Mutations to Influenza Virus PB2 That Confer Resistance to the Cap-Binding Inhibitor Pimodivir
Authors: Soh Y. Q. Shirleen , Malone Keara D. , Eguia Rachel T. , Bloom Jesse D.
Published: June 2021

Antivirals are used not only in the current treatment of influenza but are also stockpiled as a first line of defense against novel influenza strains for which vaccines have yet to be developed. Identifying drug resistance mutations can guide the clinical deployment of the antiviral and can additionally define the mechanisms of drug action and drug resistance. Pimodivir is a first-in-class inhibitor of the polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) subunit of the influenza A virus polymerase complex. A number of resistance mutations have previously been identified in treated patients or cell culture. Here, we generate a complete map of the effect of all single-amino-acid mutations to an avian PB2 on resistance to pimodivir. We identified both known and novel resistance mutations not only in the previously implicated cap-binding and mid-link domains, but also in the N-terminal domain. Our complete map of pimodivir resistance thus enables the evaluation of whether new viral strains contain mutations that will confer pimodivir resistance.
Fear of COVID-19 and Perceived COVID-19 Infectability Supplement Theory of Planned Behavior to Explain Iranians’ Intention to Get COVID-19 Vaccinated
Authors: Yahaghi Rafat , Ahmadizade Safie , Fotuhi Razie , Taherkhani Elham , Ranjbaran Mehdi , Buchali Zeinab , Jafari Robabe , Zamani Narges , Shahbazkhania Azam , Simiari Hengame , Rahmani Jalal , Yazdi Nahid , Alijani Hashem , Poorzolfaghar Leila , Rajabi Fatemeh , Lin Chung-Ying , Broström Anders , Griffiths Mark D. , Pakpour Amir H.
Published: June 2021

One of the most efficient methods to control the high infection rate of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is to have a high coverage of COVID-19 vaccination worldwide. Therefore, it is important to understand individuals’ intention to get COVID-19 vaccinated. The present study applied the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to explain the intention to get COVID-19 vaccinated among a representative sample in Qazvin, Iran. The TPB uses psychological constructs of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control to explain an individual’s intention to perform a behavior. Fear and perceived infectability were additionally incorporated into the TPB to explain the intention to get COVID-19 vaccinated. Utilizing multistage stratified cluster sampling, 10,843 participants (4092 males; 37.7%) with a mean age of 35.54 years (SD = 12.00) completed a survey. The survey assessed TPB constructs (including attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention related to COVID-19 vaccination) together with fear of COVID-19 and perceived COVID-19 infectability. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to examine whether fear of COVID-19, perceived infectability, and the TPB constructs explained individuals’ intention to get COVID-19 vaccinated. The SEM demonstrated satisfactory fit (comparative fit index = 0.970; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.962; root mean square error of approximation = 0.040; standardized root mean square residual = 0.050). Moreover, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, attitude, and perceived COVID-19 infectability significantly explained individuals’ intention to get COVID-19 vaccinated. Perceived COVID-19 infectability and TPB constructs were all significant mediators in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and intention to get COVID-19 vaccinated. Incorporating fear of COVID-19 and perceived COVID-19 infectability effectively into the TPB explained Iranians’ intention to get COVID-19 vaccinated. Therefore, Iranians who have a strong belief in Muslim religion may improve their intention to get COVID-19 vaccinated via these constructs.
Development of a Quantitative One-Step RT-PCR Method for the Detection of Sabin 2 Virus Contamination in a Novel Oral Poliovirus Vaccine Type 2
Authors: Manukyan Hasmik , Tritama Erman , Wahid Rahnuma , Ansari Azeem , Konz John , Chumakov Konstantin , Laassri Majid
Published: June 2021

To control circulating vaccine-derived type 2 poliovirus outbreaks, a more genetically stable novel Oral Poliovirus Vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) was developed by targeted modifications of Sabin 2 genome. Since the use of OPV2 made of Sabin 2 strain has been stopped, it is important to exclude the possibility that batches of nOPV2 are contaminated with Sabin 2 virus. Here, we report the development of a simple quantitative one-step reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection and quantitation of Sabin 2 virus in the presence of overwhelming amounts of nOPV2 strain. The method is specific and linear within 8 log10 range even in the presence of relevant amounts of nOPV2 virus. It is sensitive, with a lower limit of detection of 0.2 CCID50/mL (an equivalent of 198 genome copies per mL), and generates reproducible results. This assay can be used for quality control and lot release of the nOPV2.
Interactions between Tandem Cylinders in an Open Channel: Impact on Mean and Turbulent Flow Characteristics
Authors: Zobeyer Hasan , Baki Abul B. M. , Nowrin Saika Nowshin
Published: June 2021

The flow hydrodynamics around a single cylinder differ significantly from the flow fields around two cylinders in a tandem or side-by-side arrangement. In this study, the experimental results on the mean and turbulence characteristics of flow generated by a pair of cylinders placed in tandem in an open-channel flume are presented. An acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) was used to measure the instantaneous three-dimensional velocity components. This study investigated the effect of cylinder spacing at 3D, 6D, and 9D (center to center) distances on the mean and turbulent flow profiles and the distribution of near-bed shear stress behind the tandem cylinders in the plane of symmetry, where D is the cylinder diameter. The results revealed that the downstream cylinder influenced the flow development between cylinders (i.e., midstream) with 3D, 6D, and 9D spacing. However, the downstream cylinder controlled the flow recirculation length midstream for the 3D distance and showed zero interruption in the 6D and 9D distances. The peak of the turbulent metrics generally occurred near the end of the recirculation zone in all scenarios.
The Coupling Use of Weak Magnetic Field and Fe0/H2O2 Process for Bisphenol a Abatement: Influence of Reaction Conditions and Mechanisms
Authors: Liang Liping , Xi Fenfen , Cheng Liubiao , Tan Weishou , Tang Qiang , Meng Xu , Wang Zhenjiong , Sun Bo , Wang Aijie , Zhang Jian
Published: June 2021

The coupling use of the heterogeneous Fenton-like process (zero-valent iron (Fe0)/H2O2) and weak magnetic field (MWF) for bisphenol A (BPA) abatement was systematically investigated in this study. Though both the Fe0/H2O2 and WMF-Fe0/H2O2 processes are sensitive to pH, WMF remarkably enhanced BPA removal under the pH range of 3.0–6.0 by 0.5–9.5 times. The characterization of Fe0 confirmed the role of WMF in promoting the corrosion of Fe0. Radicals, rather than Fe intermediates, were responsible for BPA degradation. Due to the presence of Cl– as the background ions and its reactivity towards HO•, reactive chlorine species (RCS, i.e., Cl• and Cl2•−) were produced and considerably contributed to BPA degradation. In addition, ~37% and 54% of degraded BPA was ascribed to RCS in the presence of 2 and 100 mM of Cl−, respectively. However, 1.9 mg/L of ClO3− was detected in the presence of 2 mM of Cl− in the WMF- Fe0/H2O2 process. HCO3− could diminish ClO3− generation significantly through transforming RCS. The concentration of ClO3− decreased by 74% and 82% with dosing 1 and 10 mM HCO3−, respectively. The results of this study suggest that the WMF-Fe0/H2O2 process is a promising approach for BPA removal.
Terraced Landscapes and Hydrological-Geological Hazards: Innovative Approaches and Future Perspectives
Authors: Preti Federico , Errico Alessandro , Castelli Giulio
Published: June 2021

In the last few years, terraced landscapes have been receiving renovated interest all over the world (e [...]
Study of the main problems of delivery of orthopedic care in dentistry
Authors: Sevagina Valentina , Botsarova Sofiya , Goncharova Tatiyana , Mikhlyaeva Anastasiya
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the article is to conduct a study of the main problems of delivery of orthopedic care in dentistry. It is known that dental health determines the overall health of the body. The comfort of life of the population depends on their condition, since damaged teeth negatively affect the state of the digestive system and respiratory organs. As for the aesthetics of the appearance, here teeth have a special role, since they are able to provide both proper speech and the necessary level of human sociability. Thus, improving the quality of delivery of medical care is an important task for the industry today. The problem of the availability of orthopedic dentists exists only in those areas of the region where there is no orthopedic care encounters at all, or orthopedic care encounters are carried out by part-time doctors. Accordingly, it can be said that municipal dental clinics are generally provided with the necessary personnel. In this regard, one can talk about the need to improve the quality of treatment of dental diseases in polyclinics, primarily in terms of orthopedic care for the population. However, today there are frequent cases of return visits for orthopedic care due to its poor-quality during initial treatment. And the doctor’s task during second denture treatment is to avoid mistakes made earlier and to provide competent and highquality orthopedic services. The author concludes that the results of a study of the work of orthopedic units of the region showed a steady growth of most indicators year by year, but a number of economic problems were found during the analysis of the profitability reserves of orthopedic dental care. So, it is necessary to create a unified system for calculating the financial plan for the correct assessment of the status of orthopedic dental care for the population, to analyze the quality indicators for subsidized denture treatment, to introduce the concept of “prosthesis working lifespan”, which will establish the reasons and justify the terms of the second denture treatment.
Medical Worker Day
Authors: Rybachok Oksana
Published: June 2021

The Medical Worker Day is celebrated in Russia every year on the third Sunday of June. This year's celebration falls on June 21, and it is more relevant than ever - hundreds and thousands of doctors and nurses are at the forefront in the fight against a terrible epidemic this year that did not spare anyone - neither old people, nor even children. They still continue to fight for the human lives, and do it every day. Since the Second World War, our planet has not been in such a crisis. During the current pandemic, the situation is aggravated by a lack of understanding of the scale of the process, a lack of knowledge about the pathogen, the absence of etiotropic treatment and methods of specific prophylaxis. Doctors are not Gods; they turned out to be able to go a long way, but, unfortunately, have not yet learned to perform miracles. It’s widely known that at the present stage in the world there is a lack of about 6 million nurses, and after all, they are one of the most important links performing doctors’ orders. It is their work and dedication to the chosen cause that leads to competent treatment and speedy recovery of patients. The problem of the shortage of medical personnel is typical for the health care of a large number of countries, however, abroad, a partial easing of the developing shortage of secondary medical personnel is ensured by active involvement of social workers in the healthcare sector, which helps to reduce the workload of medical personnel by delegating part of the duties to workers without medical education [1]. For centuries, medicine has been considered one of the most revered and responsible professions. Everyday care for the health of the population, the prevention of diseases, the return of patients to a full life – it gives a special status to medical workers, people of the highest public duty.
Donor rehabilitation after repeated blood donations
Authors: Pitsul Sergey
Published: June 2021

At the present time the question about using plasma from donors who have had a
coronavirus infection and from those with the specific antibodies for transfusion to patients in the acute stage of the process is being repeatedly raised on the background of the worldwide fight against coronavirus. They were the first to resort to such practices in St. Petersburg in Russia, however, it is too early to talk about any high-efficiency transfusions. It is necessary to take into account the fact that in the presence of three hundred patients who need transfusion of immune plasma, an antibody titer has been detected in only 12 donors. Given the existing circumstances, it is necessary to remember about the importance of observing the intervals between donations, whether it is plasma or whole blood. Failure to comply with these intervals, the lack of regular monitoring of clinical and biochemical blood parameters in donors, failure
to comply with recommendations for observing the diet and rest between donations can lead to decompensation of recovery processes and seriously affect health of the donor. Donor rehabilitation during the recovery period requires normalization of the diet, and in some cases oral administration of preparations.
Rehabilitation of patients after spinal cord injury
Authors: Shlopak Lev
Published: June 2021

It was not in vain that nature took care of the safety of the central nervous system organs – brain is reliably protected by the bones of the skull and the spinal cord is in a strong bone framework, which is represented by the vertebral column. However in some cases intensity of the received injuries is so pronounced that the vertebrae are unable to protect the spinal cord and this leads to spinal cord injuries. Mortality rate as a result of this type of injury is very high, it depends on the location and degree of damage, timeliness of emergency care and medical capabilities available in the arsenal of a particular healthcare institution. But even if doctors manage to stabilize the patient’s condition, subsequent recovery and prognosis will largely depend on the implemented rehabilitation measures. Here it is important not only to restore the lost physical functions, psychological and social rehabilitation is of great importance, since rhythm
and lifestyle are change completely in a patient with such injuries. Crucial point of rehabilitation measures in patients with spinal cord injury is ergotherapy – actions aimed at restoring selfcare skills in order to minimize the degree of dependence on others. Several specialists, the actions of which must be strictly coordinated, should take part in the rehabilitation of patients with a spinal cord injury. The sooner the start of rehabilitation measures is, the greater are the chances for the patient to restore vital functions.
August 8 - International Day of Ophthalmology
Authors: Sakhno Natalya
Published: June 2021

Vision is one of the most important sensory organs through which a person cognizes
the world. It is no coincidence that when people talk about something valuable, they turn to the phrase: "be the apple of one's eye." The eye is a fragile and complex organ that is easy enough to damage, but very difficult to heal. Ophthalmologists, especially those who perform surgeries, are real jewelers, masters of their business with truly gifted hands. Svyatoslav Fyodorov, the outstanding Soviet and Russian ophthalmologist, was a recognized genius, a real Guru in the world of eye microsurgery. As a practicing health professional he performed a number of unique operations that were included in textbooks on ophthalmology and ushered in a new era in the world of eye microsurgery, giving thousands of patients the hope of seeing this world again. He was the first in the Soviet Union to perform lens replacement surgery implanting artificial lens to a 10-year-old girl with congenital cataracts. Svyatoslav Fyodorov developed a methodology for the treatment of myopia using radial keratotomy, and a few years later he was the first in the world to perform surgery at an early stage of glaucoma. The first interdisciplinary scientific and technical complex “Eye Microsurgery” was created on the initiative of S. Fyodorov; later, such centers were opened in 11 cities of Russia. Svyatoslav
Fyodorov died in a plane crash in 2000 when returning from an ophthalmological conference in Tambov. And a few years later, in 2004, it was proposed to celebrate the day of ophthalmology in the Russian Federation on the date of birthday of this outstanding professional. This initiative was supported by scientists from other countries – the Czech Republic, Greece, Italy, Hungary. Since then ophthalmologists around the world celebrate their professional holiday on August 8 of every year.
Interesting Facts on ENT Organs
Authors: Sakhno Natalia
Published: June 2021

Hearing is the second most important sense organ after vision. The hearing organ
enables cognition, communication with others and perception of the beauty – to hear the singing of birds and the sound of rain, to get acquainted with the street musicians’ performances and enjoy the world music masterpieces. Hearing helps us navigate the surrounding space and warns us of danger. There are many interesting facts on this sense organ in the world. For example, in some insects, such as crickets and grasshoppers, the hearing organs are located on the front legs; elephants have the ability to perceive sounds not only with their ears but also with their trunk and columnar legs – this is how they learn about the approach of an enemy or a herd of relatives. Human ears can grow throughout life, and the right ear is “exploited” four times more often than the left. The laryngoscope, a special tool for examining the larynx, was not invented by an ENT doctor but by a musician, Manuel Garcia, even though it was first used thanks to a doctor and scientist from Budapest, Jan Cermak, in medical practice. It is him who is regarded as the founder of modern otorhinolaryngology, the science that studies the ear, throat and nose diseases.
Canadian Healthcare
Authors: Frolova Elena
Published: June 2021

The Canadian healthcare system is an industry that Canadians are rightfully proud of, and it ranks among the world’s leading healthcare systems (ranked 16th by Bloomberg). This sector is almost 100% state-funded, but every citizen is obliged to pay a medical care tax that is rather significant. As a result, every Canadian is entitled to equal healthcare, regardless of his or her financial position. State-guaranteed medical services are paid from the state foundations that accumulate insurance pools from the provincial tax revenues under the statutory health insurance program. All Canadian residents have a special plastic Health Card they are obliged to show in each medical institution they make recourse to. This card can also serve as an identity document. Pensioners are entitled to a Health 65Card with a wider range of services. Canadian healthcare is provided free of charge, with the exception of certain areas, such as dentistry, cosmetology, and ophthalmology. The majority (actually, more than a half) of medical practitioners are family doctors, and every Canadian has the right to choose a family doctor irrespective of his or her residential address.
Operational Characteristics of High-Performance kW class Alkaline Electrolyzer Stack for Green Hydrogen Production
Authors: Choi Baeck B. , Jo Jae Hyeon , Lee Taehee , Jeon Sang-Yun , Kim Jungsuk , Yoo Young-Sung
Published: June 2021

Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzer or alkaline electrolyzer is required to produce green hydrogen using renewable energy such as wind and/or solar power. PEM and alkaline electrolyzer differ in many ways, instantly basic materials, system configuration, and operation characteristics are different. Building an optimal water hydrolysis system by closely grasping the characteristics of each type of electrolyzer is of great help in building a safe hydrogen ecosystem as well as the efficiency of green hydrogen production. In this study, the basic operation characteristics of a kW class alkaline water electrolyzer we developed, and water electrolysis efficiency are described. Finally, a brief overview of the characteristics of PEM and alkaline electrolyzer for large-capacity green hydrogen production system will be outlined.
Validitas Arsitektur Bisnis menggunakan Metode Formal PetriNets (Studi Kasus: Perusahaan Manufaktur di Indonesia)
Authors: Fajrillah Asti Amalia Nur , Annastasia Syifa
Published: June 2021

Gartner Group memperkirakan sekitar 40% dari program Enterprise Architecture (EA) terpaksa harus dihentikan karena tidak memiliki signifikansi terhadap bisnis dan kegagalan dalam meningkatkan nilai bisnis sesuai yang diharapkan perusahaan. Salah satu yang memiliki peran penting dalam membantu perusahaan mencapai nilai bisnis yang diinginkan yaitu melalui perancangan Arsitektur Bisnis. Sebelum masuk pada perancangan arsitektur bisnis langkah yang perlu dilakukan adalah mengidentifikasi proses bisnis, proses bisnis merupakan serangkaian aktifitas yang saling terkait untuk mencapai tujuan bisnis tertentu. Memodelkan proses bisnis yang baik dapat membantu untuk menghindari kesalahan sejak awal yang disebabkan oleh kualitas, dimana model proses bisnis akan berdampak pada kualitas rancangan arsitektur sistem informasi. Maka dari itu, kualitas dari proses bisnis model telah diakui sebagai faktor penting agar pemodelan arsitektur sistem informasi dapat sukses di perusahaan. Diperlukan pengujian kualitas model proses bisnis untuk menjaga kualitas model tetap tinggi, salah satunya dengan menggunakan pendekatan kerangka kerja kualitas model arsitektur perusahaan. Dalam mendefiniskan kualitas model, kerangka kerja ini membagi menjadi beberapa tingkatan dimana salah satunya menggunakan principle of validity dengan atribut berupa syntactical properness. Atibut syntactical properness diuji melalui metode Formal Petri nets dengan memanfaatkan tools WoPed. Dalam kajian ini digunakan studi kasus dari salah satu perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia sebagai obyek uji. Dari hasil uji 4 dari 10 proses bisnis dinyatakan belum sesuai standar kualitas model arsitektur dan dilakukan perbaikan.
Voir et faire voir l’architecture : les gravures de la « Revue générale de l’architecture et des travaux publics » (1840-1890)
Authors: Saboya Marc
Published: June 2021

Seeing and giving to see architecture : engravings from the "Revue générale de l’architecture et des travaux publics".

The Revue générale de l’architecture et des travaux publics published by César Daly from 1840 to 1890 gave considerable space to images. The use of the most modern and varied techniques, the editing of the illustrations within or outside the text, the ratios plans /elevations and line /light and shade, are all used to the full to serve the editor’s views and to follow their development.
Un architecte toulousain du XIXe siècle : Henri Bach (1815-1899)
Authors: Nayrolles Jean
Published: June 2021

An architect from Toulouse of the nineteenth century : Henri Bach.

After a short schooling at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris and thanks to local supporters, Henri Bach (1815-1899) became a professor at the École des Beaux-Arts in Toulouse. He played an important part in the extensive use of the neo-medieval style in the religious architecture in his city. Helped by the general atmosphere of religious revival during the Second Empire, he built for the Jesuits, the Capucins, the Dominicans and the Frères de la Doctrine Chrétienne. He was a typical representative of the third neo-gothic generation, and had a second-hand “modern gothic” style, or a neo-roman style related to Naissant ’s work.