bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of metallic nanoparticles as exogenous soft tissue contrast for live in vivo micro‐computed tomography imaging of avian embryonic morphogenesis
Authors: Gregg Chelsea L. , Butcher Jonathan T.
Published: July 2016

Background: Gestationally survivable congenital malformations arise during mid–late stages of development that are inaccessible in vivo with traditional optical imaging for assessing long‐term abnormal patterning. MicroCT is an attractive technology to rapidly and inexpensively generate quantitative three‐dimensional (3D) datasets but requires exogenous contrast media. Here we establish dose‐dependent toxicity, persistence, and biodistribution of three different metallic nanoparticles in day 4 chick embryos. Results: We determined that 110‐nm alkaline earth metal particles were nontoxic and persisted in the chick embryo for up to 24 hr postinjection with contrast enhancement levels at high as 1,600 Hounsfield units (HU). The 15‐nm gold nanoparticles persisted with x‐ray attenuation higher than that of the surrounding yolk and albumen for up to 8 hr postinjection, while 1.9‐nm particles resulted in lethality by 8 hr. We identified spatial and temporally heterogeneous contrast enhancement ranging from 250 to 1,600 HU. With the most optimal 110‐nm alkaline earth metal particles, we quantified an exponential increase in the tissue perfusion vs. distance from the dorsal aorta into the flank over 8 hr with a peak perfusion rate of 0.7 μm2/s measured at a distance of 0.3 mm. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the safety, efficacy, and opportunity of nanoparticle based contrast media in live embryos for quantitative analysis of embryogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 245:1001–1010, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
From a mouse: systematic analysis reveals limitations of experiments testing interventions in Alzheimer's disease mouse models
Authors: Egan K.J. , Vesterinen H.M. , Beglopoulos V. , Sena E.S. , Macleod M.R.
Published: July 2016

The increasing prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a considerable socio‐economic challenge. Decades of experimental research have not led to the development of effective disease modifying interventions. A deeper understanding of in vivo research might provide insights to inform future in vivo research and clinical trial design. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of interventions tested in transgenic mouse models of AD. We searched electronically for publications testing interventions in transgenic models of AD. We extracted data for outcome, study characteristics and reported study quality and calculated summary estimates of efficacy using random effects meta‐analysis. We identified 427 publications describing 357 interventions in 55 transgenic models, involving 11,118 animals in 838 experiments. Of concern, reported study quality was relatively low; fewer than one in four publications reported the blinded assessment of outcome or random allocation to group and no study reported a sample size calculation. Additionally, there were few data for any individual intervention—only 16 interventions had outcomes described in 5 or more publications. Finally, “trim and fill” analyses suggested one in seven pathological and neurobehavioural experiments remain unpublished. Given these historical weaknesses in the in vivo modelling of AD in transgenic animals and the identified risks of bias, clinical trials that are based on claims of efficacy in animals should only proceed after a detailed critical appraisal of those animal data.
Pollen transfer in fragmented plant populations: insight from the pollen loads of pollinators and stigmas in a mass‐flowering species
Authors: Delmas Chloé E. L. , Fort Thomas L. C. , Escaravage Nathalie , Pornon André
Published: July 2016

Pollinator and/or mate scarcity affects pollen transfer, with important ecological and evolutionary consequences for plant reproduction. However, the way in which the pollen loads transported by pollinators and deposited on stigmas are affected by pollination context has been little studied. We investigated the impacts of plant mate and visiting insect availabilities on pollen transport and receipt in a mass‐flowering and facultative autogamous shrub (Rhododendron ferrugineum). First, we recorded insect visits toR. ferrugineumin plant patches of diverse densities and sizes. Second, we analyzed the pollen loads transported byR. ferrugineumpollinators and deposited on stigmas of emasculated and intact flowers, in the same patches. Overall, pollinators (bumblebees) transported much larger pollen loads than the ones found on stigmas, and the pollen deposited on stigmas included a high proportion of conspecific pollen. However, comparing pollen loads of emasculated and intact flowers indicated that pollinators contributed only half the conspecific pollen present on the stigma. At low plant density, we found the highest visitation rate and the lowest proportion of conspecific pollen transported and deposited by pollinators. By contrast, at higher plant density and lower visitation rate, pollinators deposited larger proportion of conspecific pollen, although still far from sufficient to ensure that all the ovules were fertilized. Finally, self‐pollen completely buffered the detrimental effects on pollination of patch fragmentation and pollinator failure. Our results indicate that pollen loads from pollinators and emasculated flowers should be quantified for an accurate understanding of the relative impacts of pollinator and mate limitation on pollen transfer in facultative autogamous species.
High‐throughput sequencing and graph‐based cluster analysis facilitate microsatellite development from a highly complex genome
Authors: Shah Abhijeet B. , Schielzeth Holger , Albersmeier Andreas , Kalinowski Joern , Hoffman Joseph I.
Published: July 2016

Despite recent advances in high‐throughput sequencing, difficulties are often encountered when developing microsatellites for species with large and complex genomes. This probably reflects the close association in many species of microsatellites with cryptic repetitive elements. We therefore developed a novel approach for isolating polymorphic microsatellites from the club‐legged grasshopper (Gomphocerus sibiricus), an emerging quantitative genetic and behavioral model system. Whole genome shotgun Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to generate over three million 300 bp paired‐end reads, of which 67.75% were grouped into 40,548 clusters within RepeatExplorer. Annotations of the top 468 clusters, which represent 60.5% of the reads, revealed homology to satellite DNA and a variety of transposable elements. Evaluating 96 primer pairs in eight wild‐caught individuals, we found that primers mined from singleton reads were six times more likely to amplify a single polymorphic microsatellite locus than primers mined from clusters. Our study provides experimental evidence in support of the notion that microsatellites associated with repetitive elements are less likely to successfully amplify. It also reveals how advances in high‐throughput sequencing and graph‐based repetitive DNA analysis can be leveraged to isolate polymorphic microsatellites from complex genomes.
Across species‐pool aggregation alters grassland productivity and diversity
Authors: McKenna Thomas P. , Yurkonis Kathryn A.
Published: July 2016

Plant performance is determined by the balance of intra‐ and interspecific neighbors within an individual's zone of influence. If individuals interact over smaller scales than the scales at which communities are measured, then altering neighborhood interactions may fundamentally affect community responses. These interactions can be altered by changing the number (species richness), abundances (species evenness), and positions (species pattern) of the resident plant species, and we aimed to test whether aggregating species at planting would alter effects of species richness and evenness on biomass production at a common scale of observation in grasslands. We varied plant species richness (2, 4, or 8 species and monocultures), evenness (0.64, 0.8, or 1.0), and pattern (planted randomly or aggregated in groups of four individuals) within 1 × 1 m plots established with transplants from a pool of 16 tallgrass prairie species and assessed plot‐scale biomass production and diversity over the first three growing seasons. As expected, more species‐rich plots produced more biomass by the end of the third growing season, an effect associated with a shift from selection to complementarity effects over time. Aggregating conspecifics at a 0.25‐m scale marginally reduced biomass production across all treatments and increased diversity in the most even plots, but did not alter biodiversity effects or richness–productivity relationships. Results support the hypothesis that fine‐scale species aggregation affects diversity by promoting species coexistence in this system. However, results indicate that inherent changes in species neighborhood relationships along grassland diversity gradients may only minimally affect community (meter) – scale responses among similarly designed biodiversity–ecosystem function studies. Given that species varied in their responses to local aggregation, it may be possible to use such species‐specific results to spatially design larger‐scale grassland communities to achieve desired diversity and productivity responses.
Capacity Design of Supercapacitor‐Battery Hybrid Energy System with Repetitive Charging
Authors: HIRAMATSU TOSHIYUKI , HUANG XIAOLIANG , KATO MASAKI , HORI YOICHI
Published: July 2016

Battery systems, widely used as energy storage devices for electric vehicles (EVs), suffer from issues such as short lifetimes and low power density. In this paper, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS), which is a combination of a supercapacitor (SC) and a battery, that can be charged using wireless power transfer (WPT) technology, is presented. This combination can achieve the desired energy capacity and power density. Moreover, it offers an acceptable energy storage size for applications such as EVs and machines. In order to optimize the system for the energy and power requirements of a power train system, an optimal design principle for the HESS is proposed. The battery charge degree, Q, is defined and calculated to minimize the entire weight of the HESS. The optimal SC ratio can be obtained on the basis of the defined operation constraints. This optimal combination can reduce the weight of the storage system by 30% for the given operation pattern. Furthermore, under some conditions with optimized charge times, the SC can serve as the sole operated energy storage device and charge power can be increased using WPT.
CHA2DS2‐VASc score and adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and sinus rhythm
Authors: Ye Siqin , Qian Min , Zhao Bo , Buchsbaum Richard , Sacco Ralph L. , Levin Bruce , Di Tullio Marco R. , Mann Douglas L. , Pullicino Patrick M. , Freudenberger Ronald S. , Teerlink John R. , Mohr J.P. , Graham Susan , Labovitz Arthur J. , Estol Conrado J. , Lok Dirk J. , Ponikowski Piotr , Anker Stefan D. , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Thompson John L.P. , Homma Shunichi ,   on behalf of the WARCEF Investigators
Published: July 2016

Aims

The aim of this study was to determine whether the CHA2DS2‐VASc score can predict adverse outcomes such as death, ischaemic stroke, and major haemorrhage, in patients with systolic heart failure in sinus rhythm.

Methods and results

CHA2DS2‐VASc scores were calculated for 1101 patients randomized to warfarin and 1123 patients randomized to aspirin. Adverse outcomes were defined as death or ischaemic stroke, death alone, ischaemic stroke alone, and major haemorrhage. Using proportional hazards models, we found that each 1‐point increase in the CHA2DS2‐VASc score was associated with increased hazard of death or ischaemic stroke events [hazard ratio (HR) for the warfarin arm = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.30, P < 0.001; for aspirin, HR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.11–1.29, P < 0.001]. Similar increased hazards for higher CHA2DS2‐VASc scores were observed for death alone, ischaemic stroke alone, and major haemorrhage. Overall performance of the CHA2DS2‐VASc score was assessed using c‐statistics for full models containing the risk score, treatment assignment, and score–treatment interaction, with the c‐statistics for the full models ranging from 0.57 for death to 0.68 for major haemorrhage.

Conclusions

The CHA2DS2‐VASc score predicted adverse outcomes in patients with systolic heart failure in sinus rhythm, with modest prediction accuracy.
Observing the Effects of Shaping on Gas Adsorption in Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Chanut Nicolas , Wiersum Andrew D. , Lee U‐Hwang , Hwang Young Kyu , Ragon Florence , Chevreau Hubert , Bourrelly Sandrine , Kuchta Bogdan , Chang Jong‐San , Serre Christian , Llewellyn Philip L.
Published: July 2016

A series of four micro‐ or mesoporous metal‐organic frameworks [UiO‐66(Zr), UiO‐66(Zr)_NH2, MIL‐100(Fe), MIL‐127(Fe)] were synthesized in powder form and pelletized in the form of spheres by using a polyvinyl‐based binder. The effect of pelletization on the adsorption of a series of gasses (N2, CO, CO2, CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C3H6, C4H10) at 303 K was evidenced in the adsorption isotherms and the enthalpies of adsorption measured by using microcalorimetric analysis. As expected, uptakes of gas per gram of material were lower for the spheres than for the powder. However, taking into account the bulk density, this tendency was inverted, suggesting that the spherical materials are of distinct interest for gas‐based applications. Nevertheless, other effects including partial pore restriction and active site “protection” may equally be evidenced for some pelletized materials, suggesting that the polyvinyl binder may play a more complex role.
Unprecedented 3D and 2D Frameworks of Manganese Thioarsenates Based on Heterometallic Cubic Cluster [Mn6(µ6‐S)(AsS3)4] and Covalent Linker N2H4
Authors: Tang Chunying , Shen Yali , Sun Peipei , Liu ShuZhen , Han Jingyu , Liu Yun , Sun Hui , Jia Dingxian
Published: July 2016

New Mn thioarsenates [Mn(dien)2][Mn6(µ6‐S)(µ‐N2H4)3(µ3‐AsS3)4]·H2O (1) and [Mn(1,2‐dap)3][Mn6(µ6‐S)(N2H4)2(µ‐N2H4)2(µ3‐AsS3)4] (2) (dien = diethylenetriamine; 1,2‐dap = 1,2‐diaminopropane) were solvothermally synthesized with the synergistic assistance of coordinative polyamines and hydrazine. Compounds 1 and 2 contain a 3D {[Mn6(µ6‐S)(µ‐N2H4)3(µ3‐AsS3)4]2–}⋡ network and a 2D {[Mn6(µ6‐S)(N2H4)2(µ‐N2H4)2(µ3‐AsS3)4]2–}⋡ layer, respectively, which are constructed by cubic [Mn6(µ6‐S)(µ3‐AsS3)4] clusters and µ‐N2H4 covalent linkers. In the [Mn6(µ6‐S)(µ3‐AsS3)4] cluster, four As3+ cations occupy the four opposite vertexes, and six Mn2+ cations are located at the face centers. An S2– anion at the heart of the cube coordinates to six Mn2+ cations at the face center in a µ6‐S mode, generating an octahedral Mn6(µ6‐S) core. The Mn6(µ6‐S) core and µ6‐S coordination mode are observed for the first time in the Mn/As/S system. In 1, the cubic [Mn6As4S13] clusters are connected into a 3D framework of {[Mn6(µ6‐S)(µ‐N2H4)3(µ3‐AsS3)4]2–}⋡ anions through three µ‐N2H4 bridging ligands. In 2, the [Mn6As4S13] cluster is joined by two µ‐N2H4 bridging ligands and coordinated by two terminal N2H4 molecules, with formation of a 2D layer {[Mn6(µ6‐S)(N2H4)2(µ‐N2H4)2(µ3‐AsS3)4]2–}⋡. The room‐temperature band gaps of 1 and 2 are 2.21 and 2.34 eV, respectively.
Unique Colours of 3d‐Transition‐Metal‐Substituted Lyonsite Molybdates and Their Derivatives: The Role of Multiple Coordination Geometries and Metal‐to‐Metal Charge Transfer
Authors: Laha Sourav , Natarajan Srinivasan , Gopalakrishnan Jagannatha
Published: July 2016

We describe the synthesis, crystal structures, and optical absorption spectra/colours of 3d transition‐metal‐substituted lyonsite‐type oxides Li3Al1–xMIIIx(MoO4)3 (0 < x ≤ 1.0; MIII = Cr, Fe) and Li3–xAl1–xMII2x(MoO4)3 (0 < x ≤ 1.0; MII = Co, Ni, Cu). The oxides were readily synthesized by the solid‐state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of the constituent binaries at around 700 °C in air. The crystal structures determined by Rietveld refinement of PXRD data revealed that in the smaller trivalent‐metal‐substituted lyonsite oxides, the MIII ions occupy the octahedral (8d, 4c) sites and the lithium ions occur exclusively at the trigonal‐prismatic (4c) site in the orthorhombic (Pnma) structure. On the other hand, larger divalent‐metal (CoII/CuII)‐substituted derivatives show occupancy of the CoII/CuII ions at both the octahedral and trigonal‐prismatic sites. We have investigated the colours and optical absorption spectra of Li3Al1–xMIIIx(MoO4)3 (MIII = Cr, Fe) and Li3–xAl1–xMII2x(MoO4)3 (MII = Co, Ni, Cu) and interpreted the results in terms of the average crystal field strengths experienced by MIII/MII ions in multiple coordination geometries. We have also identified the role of metal‐to‐metal charge transfer (MMCT) from the partially filled transition metal 3d orbitals to the empty Mo 4d orbitals in the resulting colours of these oxides.
Profiling substrate specificity of Lecitase Ultra to different kinds of phospholipids using monolayer technology
Authors: Wang Fanghua , Zhang Hui , Liu Yanhua , Khan Faez Iqbal , Yang Bo , Wang Yonghua
Published: July 2016

Substrate specificity is a crucial parameter while characterizing an enzyme, which is directly related to the potential of its application. The commercial Lecitase Ultra has been widely used in the oil degumming process to specifically hydrolyze the phospholipids present in the crude oil, but its specificity for various phospholipids still remains elusive. In the present study, selectivity of Lecitase Ultra to different kinds of phospholipids was characterized under different surface pressure condition by using monolayer technology. Hydrolytic activity of Lecitase Ultra on various phospholipids was highly dependent on the surface pressure of monolayer film. Under the same surface pressure of 25 mN m−1 applied on the liquid condensed state of all the phospholipids’ monolayer films, the preference order of Lecitase Ultra to different monomolecular phospholipid film was PE > CL > PS > PI > PC. No hydrolytic activity was observed for sphingomyelin within the range of surface pressure tested. The present study provides basic information on the order of selective preference of Lecitase Ultra for various phospholipids which was not known previously, and provides additional information for better utilization of this enzyme in the oil industry.

Practical applications: To the best of our knowledge, we have reported the application of monolayer technology to study the substrate selectivity of Lecitase Ultra to various natural phospholipids. This study contributes directly to applications of this enzyme in industries. Further, we try to prove that monolayer technology is very effective and simple for evaluating the enzymatic activity to some natural substrates, and should make greater contribution in the interfacial enzyme engineering field.

Characterization on interfacial catalytic properties of Lecitase Ultra to different kinds of phospholipids using monolayer technique.
New bio‐based epoxy materials and foams from microalgal oil
Authors: Negrell Claire , Cornille Adrien , de Andrade Nascimento Patricia , Robin Jean‐Jacques , Caillol Sylvain
Published: July 2016

Microalgae are a potential source of renewable energy but could also interesting lead to a platform for oleochemicals. Hence, the oil obtained from Schizochytrium microalgae, with a high content in unsaturations, was dedicated to the synthesis of polymer materials. After the determination of its structure, algal oil was epoxidized in presence of exchange cation resin to reach a high functionality of ten epoxy functions per molecule. Then, fully bio‐based epoxy networks were synthesized with priamine® (oleic acid dimer‐derived amine) as hardener. These new algal epoxy materials were characterized and compared with vegetable oils derived epoxy networks (linseed or soybean oils). Epoxy co‐monomers were added to the formulation in order to improve the material properties. We added both trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, a classical crosslinking agent, and triepoxided phloroglucinol, derived from algal phlorotannins. The addition epoxy co‐monomers allowed to obtain materials with various properties. The thermal and mechanical properties highlighted the interesting superiority of algal oils with their high content in reactive functions. Finally, the addition of a blowing agent (MH15 polysiloxane) led to the synthesis of algal oils derived foams with interesting properties. Thus, algal oil demonstrated interesting potential as a viable starting material for fully bio‐based thermosetting materials and foams.

Practical applications: The main reactant described in this article, that is, epoxidized algal oil (EAO), provides bio‐based aliphatic building blocks for further epoxy foams syntheses by reaction with vegetable oil derived amines and another aromatic epoxy co‐monomer. The obtained epoxy materials and foams are bio‐based with various rigidities and high cross‐linking ratio. Materials may be used in electronics and electrical systems or for high‐performance adhesives. Foams may be applied as thermal and vibration isolation and for the production of lightweight materials or the transportation industry such as aircraft‐interior panels and crash pads. For the more flexible foams, medical applications could be considered.
Anodic Desorption Monitored by Voltammetric and Gravimetric Measurements for Fast Estimation of Surface Coverage of Complex Organic Molecules on Au Electrodes
Authors: Bandarenka Aliaksandr S. , Williams Rhodri , Plumeré Nicolas
Published: July 2016

A methodology for fast determination of surface coverage of molecules or nanostructures assembled in monolayers at the surface of gold electrodes has been developed. The approach is based on anodic oxidative desorption of the molecules which is controlled by synchronized electrochemical gravimetric and voltammetric measurements. Successive anodic scans induce degradation and oxidative desorption of the assembled molecules resulting in a decrease in electrode mass. The completion of desorption is accurately controlled by the charge associated with adsorption of hydroxyl and oxygen species at the bare gold surface. The proposed method can be used to (i) complement the classical approaches or (ii) to estimate the surface coverage for nanostructures whose adsorption requirements, such as long‐time assembling, ex‐situ chemical treatment and other ex‐situ or in‐situ multistage procedures, complicate utilization of common approaches. Adsorbed nanostructures composed of poly(amido) amine dendrimers terminated with thiol functionalized viologen head groups were used as the model objects to evaluate the proposed methodology.
Preparation, Characterization and Electrochemical Application of Graphene‐metallic Nanocomposites
Authors: Tepeli Yudum , Anik Ulku
Published: July 2016

Three different Graphene‐Metallic (Graphene‐Me) nanocomposites – Graphene‐Silver (Graphene‐Ag), Graphene‐Gold (Graphene‐Au) and Graphene‐Platinum (Graphene‐Pt) nanocomposites – were prepared and characterized. The electrochemical performances of these nanocomposites were tested by incorporating them with glassy carbon paste electrode (GCPE) and used them in biofuel cells (BFC) and as amperometric xanthine biosensor transducers. Present work contains the first application of Graphene‐Au and Graphene‐Ag nanocomposite in BFCs and also first application of these Graphene‐Me nanocomposites in xanthine biosensors. Considering BFC, power and current densities were calculated as 2.03 µW cm−2 and 167.46 µA cm−2 for the plain BFC, 3.39 µW cm−2 and 182.53 µA cm−2 for Graphene‐Ag, 4.43 µW cm−2 and 230.15 µA cm−2 for Grapehene‐Au and 6.23 µW cm−2 and 295.23 µA cm−2 for Graphene‐Pt nanocomposite included BFCs respectively. For the amperometric xanthine biosensor linear ranges were obtained in the concentration range between 5 µM and 50 µM with the RSD (n=3 for 30 µM xanthine) value of 4.28 % for plain xanthine biosensor, 3 µM and 50 µM with the RSD (n=3 for 30 µM xanthine) value of 9.37 % for Graphene‐Ag, 5 µM to 20 µM with the RSD (n=3 for 5 µM xanthine) value of 9.00 % and 30 µM to 70 µM with the RSD (n=3 for 30 µM xanthine) value of 8.80 % for Grapehene‐Au and 1 µM and 70 with the the RSD (n=3 for 30 µM xanthine) value of 2.59 % for Grapehene‐Pt based xanthine biosensors respectively.
Study on Electrolyte Stability and Oxygen Reduction Reaction Mechanisms in the Presence of Manganese Oxide Catalysts for Aprotic Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Augustin Matthias , Fenske Daniela , Parisi Jürgen
Published: July 2016

The impact of different manganese oxide electrocatalysts on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in aprotic media was investigated. In the absence of a catalyst on pure carbon powder, the ORR was found to proceed partially by O2 dissociation before reduction. The O adatoms generated during this process have been reported previously to promote the decomposition of aprotic electrolytes. The extent to which this mechanism takes place depends strongly on the potential scan rate applied during the cyclic voltammetry measurements. The presence of manganese oxides has different effects on the reaction mechanism: whereas Mn3O4 and Mn5O8 nanoparticles promote chemical O2 dissociation, mesoporous α‐Mn2O3 particles suppress this mechanism in favor of the direct reduction of O2, thus forming the desired final product Li2O2. These results lead to a better understanding of the morphological and structural properties, which ideal catalysts for an application in aprotic Li–air batteries should exhibit.
Dynamic PSS and commercial networks spectrum sharing in the time domain
Authors: Bartoli Giulio , Fantacci Romano , Gei Francesco , Marabissi Dania , Micciullo Luigia
Published: July 2016

It is widely recognised that the possibility for public safety and security (PSS) operators of using a wide range of data‐centric services improves their coordination and responses to emergency. Therefore, there is great consensus in the evolution of existing PSS mobile communication systems towards broadband, with the exploitation of long‐term evolution technology, commonly used in commercial networks. Having a unique technology allows synergies between commercial and PSS worlds; in particular, we are interested in an efficient spectrum sharing between the two networks. Indeed, a portion of spectrum dedicated to PSS, large enough to satisfy emergency situations, may result unused most of the time, with a consequent waste of precious resources. We propose a spectrum sharing policy based on dynamic subframe allocation. Differently from previous approaches, we consider some resource portions exclusively dedicated to one of the two networks and other portions simultaneously accessed. Therefore, the goal of the proposed scheme is to find suitable resource partitioning and users allocation. Users are allocated depending on the level of received interference, with the aim of a fair behaviour in different portions of the frame. Moreover, the algorithm takes into account different priorities that can be given to the two systems depending on the operative scenario. Effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed scheme are proven by a comparison with other benchmark methods and with the optimal solution of the resource partitioning problem, in terms of unsatisfied data rate requests. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The bendamustine plus rituximab regimen is active against primary nodal marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Laribi Kamel , Tempescul Adrien , Ghnaya Habib , Denizon Nathalie , Besançon Anne , Anghel Andreea , Farhi Jonathan , Truong Catherine , Lemaire Pierre , Poulain Stephanie , Bolle Delphine , Ianotto Jean Christophe , Baugier de Materre Alix
Published: July 2016

Primary nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL) is a rare disease. There is no current consensus on how to treat it. The bendamustine plus rituximab (BR) regimen is effective for the treatment of follicular and other indolent lymphomas, but its efficacy in NMZL is not known. We analyzed the outcome of 14 patients diagnosed with NMZL (median age 67 years) who were treated with 375 mg/m2 of rituximab on day 1 and 90 mg/m2 of bendamustine on days 1 and 2. The overall and complete response rates were 93% and 71%, respectively. Major toxicity (grade 3/4 neutropenia) occurred in 5% of treatment courses. After a median follow‐up of 22 months (range: 18‐55), the overall survival and the free survival rates were 100% and 93%, respectively. None of the patients showing a complete or partial response developed secondary myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia. Bendamustine plus rituximab was found to be an active and well‐tolerated regimen leading to the rapid control of disease.
The C. elegans model in toxicity testing
Authors: Hunt Piper Reid
Published: July 2016

Caenorhabditis elegans is a small nematode that can be maintained at low cost and handled using standard in vitro techniques. Unlike toxicity testing using cell cultures, C. elegans toxicity assays provide data from a whole animal with intact and metabolically active digestive, reproductive, endocrine, sensory and neuromuscular systems. Toxicity ranking screens in C. elegans have repeatedly been shown to be as predictive of rat LD50 ranking as mouse LD50 ranking. Additionally, many instances of conservation of mode of toxic action have been noted between C. elegans and mammals. These consistent correlations make the case for inclusion of C. elegans assays in early safety testing and as one component in tiered or integrated toxicity testing strategies, but do not indicate that nematodes alone can replace data from mammals for hazard evaluation. As with cell cultures, good C. elegans culture practice (GCeCP) is essential for reliable results. This article reviews C. elegans use in various toxicity assays, the C. elegans model's strengths and limitations for use in predictive toxicology, and GCeCP. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Journal of Applied Toxicology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Injectable and biodegradable composite bone filler composed of poly(propylene fumarate) and calcium phosphate ceramic for vertebral augmentation procedure: An in vivo porcine study
Authors: Wu Chang‐Chin , Hsu Li‐Ho , Sumi Shoichiro , Yang Kai‐Chiang , Yang Shu‐Hua
Published: July 2016

Despite its common usage in vertebral augmentation procedures (VAPs), shortcomings of commercial polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) still remain. Accordingly, injectable and biodegradable composite cements, which are composed of poly(propylene fumarate)/α‐tricalcium/hydroxyapatite (PPF/α‐TCP/HAP) and PPF/tetracalcium phosphate/dicalcium phosphate (PPF/TtCP/DCP), were developed. A porcine model was used and cylindrical holes in critical size were created at the center of the lateral cortex of vertebral bodies of the lumbar spine. A fixed volume of testing materials and PMMA were randomly injected into the defects. Results showed that both composite groups had a comparable radiolucency as PMMA but a significantly lower setting temperature. Histological inspections revealed new bone formation and remodeling along the border of the two composite cements. New bone substitution and irregular sclerotic bone mantles were found along the composite cements but not in the PMMA group. Radiological and histological changes were observed in the two composite groups and these modifications were diminished along the block boundaries. These findings imply gradual substitution of decomposed composite by new bone formation, which could not be found around the PMMA block. Comparing PPF/α‐TCP/HAP with the PPF/TtCP/DCP cement block, smaller particles that were spreading out were observed in the TtCP/DCP group, which represents rapid degradability. In conclusion, the composite cements have advantages such as a low setting temperature, radio‐opacity, biodegradability, and osteoconductivity. The injectable PPF/calcium phosphate ceramic composite has the potential to be used in VAPs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2232–2243, 2017.
Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of Novel 2‐Heteroatomthiazole‐based Carboxanilides
Authors: Liu Aiping , Wang Xiaoguang , Liu Xingping , Li Jianming , Chen Haobin , Hu Li , Yu Wanqi , He Lian , Liu Weidong , Huang Mingzhi
Published: July 2016

A new series of 2‐heteroatomthiazole‐based carboxanilides (8) are prepared by reacting 2‐heteroatomthiazole‐based carboxylic acid chlorides with 2,6‐dibromo‐4‐(trifluoromethoxy)aniline. The structures of all the newly synthesized compounds were supported by spectroscopic data NMR, MS, and elemental analysis, etc. Bioassay showed that the compounds exhibited potent fungicidal activities against Rhizoctonia solani, etc. Particularly, N‐(2,6‐dibromo‐4‐(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)‐2‐methoxy‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)thiazole‐5‐carboxamide (8a-2) showed fungicidal potency which was comparable to that of Thifluzamide, the only commercialized thiazole carboxanilide fungicides of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI).
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel 2‐Substituted Phenoxy‐N‐(4‐substituted Phenyl‐5‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)thiazol‐2‐yl)acetamide Derivatives
Authors: Liao Guo‐Ping , Zhou Xia , Xiao Wei , Xie Yan , Jin Lin‐Hong
Published: July 2016

A series of 2‐substituted phenoxy‐N‐(4‐substituted phenyl‐5‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)thiazole‐2‐yl)acetamide derivatives 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h, 8i, 8j, 8k, 8l, 8m, 8n, 8o, 8p, 8q, 8r, 8s, 8t was synthesized by the reaction of phenoxyacetyl chloride 7 with intermediate 4‐substituted phenyl‐5‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)thiazol‐2‐amine 5. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS, IR, and elemental analyses. The synthesized compounds were also screened for their antimicrobial activity against three types of plant fungi (Gibberella zeae, Phytophthora infestans, and Paralepetopsis sasakii) and two kinds of bacteria [Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac)] showing promising results. In particular, 8b, 8f, 8g, and 8h exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Xoo, with 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of 35.2, 80.1, 62.5, and 82.1 µg/mL, respectively, which are superior to the commercial antibacterial agent bismerthiazol (89.9 µg/mL). The preliminary structure–activity relationship studies of these compounds are also briefly described.
Weighing the value of completion nodal dissection for melanoma
Authors: Liu Jason B. , Bilimoria Karl Y.
Published: July 2016

In the United States, approximately half of patients with a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy undergo a completion lymphadenectomy. Because of the equivocal survival benefits in pursuing a completion lymphadenectomy in these patients, surgeons must weigh the postoperative morbidity of the operation with concerns facing a patient's quality of life and risk of tumor recurrence. We discuss the value of a completion lymphadenectomy in light of the uncertainties facing this management strategy for melanoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:281–287. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simple and fast analysis of iohexol in human serums using micro‐hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with monolithic column
Authors: Chaloemsuwiwattanakan Thotsaphorn , Sangcakul Areeporn , Kitiyakara Chagriya , Nacapricha Duangjai , Wilairat Prapin , Chaisuwan Patcharin
Published: July 2016

A simple and rapid method based on micro‐liquid chromatography using a synthetic monolithic capillary column was developed for determination of iohexol in human serums, a marker to evaluate the glomerular filtration rate. A hydrophilic methacrylic acid‐ethylene dimethacrylate monolith provided excellent selectivity and efficiency for iohexol with separation time of 3 min using a mobile phase of 40:60 v/v 50 mM phosphate buffer pH 5/methanol. Four serum protein removal, methods using perchloric acid, 50% acetonitrile, 0.1 M zinc sulfate, and centrifuge membrane filter were examined. The method of zinc sulfate was chosen due to its simplicity, compatibility with the mobile phase system, nontoxicity, and low cost. Interday calibration curves were conducted over iohexol concentrations range of 2–500 mg/L (R2 = 0.9997 ± 0.0001) with detection limit of 0.44 mg/L. Intra‐ and interday precisions for peak area and retention time were less than 2.8 and 1.4%, respectively. The method was successfully applied to serum samples with percent recoveries from 102 to 104. The method was applied to monitor released iohexol from healthy subject. Compared with the commercially available reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography method, the presented method provided simpler chromatogram, faster separation with higher separation efficiency and much lower sample and solvent consumption.
Fungal skull base osteomyelitis: Emerging microbial identification techniques
Authors: Volsky Peter G. , Hillman Todd A.
Published: July 2016

Culture‐based pathogen identification in skull base osteomyelitis, particularly for fungi, is often inaccurate. We report the case of patient with fungal skull base osteomyelitis cured by sustained antifungal therapy after 16 months of debilitating illness. Due to medical complications, a strong clinical rationale was needed to justify long‐term antifungal therapy. The offending fungus was identified by experimental molecular technology (Ibis T5000 universal biosensor); invasive fungal disease was corroborated by biochemical assays. Our discussion will help familiarize the otolaryngologist with existing biochemical and molecular diagnostics for invasive fungal disease. We encourage future investigators to study their application in cases of skull base osteomyelitis. Laryngoscope, 127:E5–E7, 2017
Insights into the influence of additives on the thermal gradient induced migration of lubricant
Authors: Dai Qingwen , Huang Wei , Wang Xiaolei
Published: July 2016

Thermo‐capillary migration is a phenomenon that the thermal gradients will drive a liquid to flow from warm to cold regions. It is of great importance to prevent the lubricant migration on rubbing surfaces in the cases where the amount of lubricant is limited. In this paper, four different lubricant additives are incorporated into one base oil, and the effects of additives on the migration behaviour and surface tension coefficient are investigated. The functional mechanisms of additives are discussed. The experimental results demonstrate that the additives have remarkable influences on the migration performance of lubricant. The migration behaviour shows the relation to not only the surface tension coefficient, but also the actions between the additive and substrate. This should be considered in the designing process of an anti‐migration lubricant. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensor‐controlled bainitic transformation and microstructure formation of forgings during the cooling process
Authors: Bruchwald O. , Frąckowiak W. , Reimche W. , Maier H. J.
Published: July 2016

Bainitic steels are increasingly employed for manufacturing high‐performance forged components because they provide several advantages over martensitically hardened and tempered steels and can obtain their desired microstructure directly from the forging heat. However, especially during the heat treatment from the forging heat, many process parameters influence the microstructure formation in the component's surface and core regions, so that reliable predictions about the transformations using continuous cooling transformation diagrams and computational simulations are challenging.

Within the framework of the project “EcoForge” a measuring system was developed, that non‐destructively monitors the materials transformation as well as the phase and microstructure formation in situ during cooling from the austenite. The onset of the transformation, the current transformation level and the end of the transformation is reliably detected, so that process times can be optimised. Using characteristic signal profiles it is also possible to differentiate and classify the formation of microstructures, e.g. bainite and martensite, to regulate the cooling parameters and specifically set the component's properties. Owing to its robustness and the potential for evaluating the measured signal profiles online in real time, the testing system is also suitable for online‐quality control in industrial forging and heat treatment lines.
College students' performance in an introductory atmospheric science course: associations with spatial ability
Authors: Yoon So Yoon , Min Ki‐Hong
Published: July 2016

Introductory science courses for non‐majors, taught in large lecture settings (>100 students) at public universities in the United States, face tough problems in matching the interests of the students who range from first‐year undergraduates to students in the final year with majors as diverse as liberal arts and engineering. To investigate the learning of atmospheric science by college students from various backgrounds, this study attempted to explore how the dynamics of students' learning varied by spatial ability, as defined by skills tested in a mental rotation test, gender and major (science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) vs. non‐STEM), because the literature provides evidence of the importance of spatial ability in student achievement in science courses. Statistically significant correlations existed between spatial ability, perceived ability to use weather and climate information, overall content knowledge of atmospheric science, and final course grades. Although there were no gender or academic major dependencies in the final course grades, STEM majors performed better in a content knowledge survey. However, non‐STEM majors showed greater improvement overall.
Vertical structure of summer clear‐sky atmospheric boundary layer over the hinterland and southern margin of Taklamakan Desert
Authors: Wang Min Zhong , Lu Hui , Ming Hu , Zhang Jiantao
Published: July 2016

The Urumqi Institute of Desert Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration carried out a scientific experiment to detect the clear‐sky atmospheric boundary layer by using a wind‐profiling radar and L‐band radar sounding system in the hinterland and southern margin of the Taklamakan Desert in the summer of 2010 and 2011. Based on wind profile and radiosonde data collected from this experiment, this paper analyses the vertical structure features of the clear‐sky daytime convective boundary layer and night‐time stable boundary layer in the hinterland and southern margin of the desert, and compared the result with the boundary layer features in the Tibetan Plateau and the Dunhuang region in Gansu. The results show that: (1) the summer clear‐sky convective boundary layers in the hinterland and southern margin of the Taklamakan Desert can develop thickly. The mixing layer can reach a maxiumum thickness of 3700 m, above which a significant entrainment layer exists with average thickness about 500 m. The maximum thickness of the convective boundary layer can exceed 4000 m. (2) A temperature inversion phenomenon is found to exist remarkably over the summer clear‐sky nights in the hinterland and southern margin of the desert. The thickness of the night stable boundary layer is about 400–600 m, but the residual layer above it generally can reach a thickness of more than 3000 m. (3) An atmospheric boundary layer with supernormal thickness under the clear summer sky is a phenomenon of arid regions in Northwest China.
Analysing heat exposure in two German cities by using meteorological data from both within and outside the urban area
Authors: Walther Carsten , Olonscheck Mady
Published: July 2016

As many cities are increasingly affected by heat waves, knowledge regarding those parts of cities most susceptible to heat exposure is essential for the implementation of directed adaptation measures. The frequency of heat waves is projected to increase in both German cities considered for this study: Karlsruhe and Berlin. By aggregating temperature data from meteorological stations within the two cities and their hinterlands, the local temperature distribution within the administrative city boundaries was assessed. A multiple regression approach was used to reveal the regional inter‐relationship between non‐meteorological factors such as altitude, population density and land use, on the one hand, and the heat distribution, on the other. This functional relationship was then applied at the city quarter level for the two cities. A model selection process was undertaken to find the most significant models describing the heat exposure of two heat indicators: heat wave days (HWDs) and tropical nights (TRNs). While altitude and population density were found to be the most significant explanatory variables for Karlsruhe, population density had a dominating influence on the distribution of heat at the city quarter level for Berlin. In Karlsruhe, models describing the daytime temperature performed best, whereas in Berlin those describing the night time temperature distribution had the highest statistical significance. This method could be used with relatively low financial and material expense to assess heat exposure in different city quarters even if there are insufficient meteorological stations within a city.
Generalized result with a unified proof of global existence to a class of reaction‐diffusion systems
Authors: Badraoui Salah , Louafi Hichem
Published: July 2016

We prove in this paper a generalized result with a unified proof of global existence in time of classical solutions to a class of a reaction diffusion system with triangular diffusion matrix on a bounded domain in
. The system in question is ut=aΔu − f(x,t,u,v), vt=cΔu + dΔv + ρf(x,t,u,v),
, t > 0 with f(x,t,0,η) = 0  and  f(x,t,ξ,η)≤Kφ(ξ)eση, for all  x∈Ω, t > 0, ξ≥0, η≥0; where  ρ, K  and  σ  are real positive constants. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solution operators of three time variables for fractional linear problems
Authors: Emamirad Hassan , Rougirel Arnaud
Published: July 2016

It is well known that the time fractional equation
where
is the fractional time derivative in the sense of Caputo of u does not generate a dynamical system in the standard sense.

In this paper, we study the algebraic properties of the solution operator T(t,s,τ) for that equation with u(s) = v. We apply this theory to linear time fractional PDEs with constant coefficients. These equations are solved by the Fourier multiplier techniques. It appears that their solution exhibits some singularity, which leads us to introduce a new kind of solution for abstract time fractional problems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of collocation method for solving a parabolic‐hyperbolic free boundary problem which models the growth of tumor with drug application
Authors: Esmaili Sakine , Eslahchi M. R.
Published: July 2016

In this article, we want to solve a free boundary problem which models tumor growth with drug application. This problem includes five time dependent partial differential equations. The tumor considered in this model consists of three kinds of cells, proliferative cells, quiescent cells, and dead cells. Three different first‐order hyperbolic equations are given that describe the evolution of cells and other two second‐order parabolic equations describe the diffusion of nutrient and drug concentration. We solve the problem using the collocation method. Then, we prove stability and convergence of method. Also, some examples are considered to show the efficiency of method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.