bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multicenter and inter-software evaluation of ablative margins after thermal ablation of colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Laimer Gregor , Verdonschot Koen H. M. , Kopf Lina , van der Lei Susan , Scharll Yannick , Hannink Gerjon , Jenniskens Sjoerd F. M. , Meijerink Martijn R. , Bale Reto , Overduin Christiaan G.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To assess the association between minimal ablative margin (MAM) and local tumor progression (LTP) following CT-guided thermal ablation of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) in a multicenter cohort and across two confirmation software.

Materials and methods

This multicenter retrospective study included patients who underwent CT-guided radiofrequency or microwave ablation for CRLM between 2009 and 2021 in three institutions. Three-dimensional (3D) MAM was retrospectively assessed using dedicated ablation confirmation software by automatic non-rigid (Ablation-fit) or semi-automatic rigid co-registration (SAFIR) of intraprocedural pre- and post-ablation contrast-enhanced CT scans by two independent reader teams blinded to patient outcomes. LTP was assessed on a per-tumor basis. Factors associated with LTP-free survival were assessed using multivariable Cox regression analysis.

Results

Overall, 113 patients (mean age: 67 ± 10 years; 78 men) who underwent thermal ablation for 189 CRLM (mean diameter: 1.9 ± 1.1 cm) met the inclusion criteria. 173/189 (92%) CRLM could be successfully analyzed using both software. Over a median follow-up of 31 months (IQR: 22–47), 21 of 173 CRLM (12.1%) developed LTP. On multivariable analysis, 3D MAM was independently associated with LTP in both software (Ablation-fit: HR 0.47, 95% CI: 0.36–0.61, p < 0.001; SAFIR: HR 0.42, 95% CI: 0.32–0.55, p < 0.001). No LTP was observed in CRLM ablated with MAM ≥ 4 mm (Ablation-fit) and ≥ 5 mm (SAFIR). The per-tumor median absolute difference in MAM quantification between both software was 2 mm (IQR: 1–3).

Conclusion

MAM was independently associated with LTP after thermal ablation of CRLM across multicenter data and two confirmation software. Ablations achieving a MAM ≥ 5 mm were associated with local control in both software.

Clinical relevance statement

MAMs from intraprocedural contrast-enhanced CT were independently associated with LTP after thermal ablation of CRLM across multicenter data and two confirmation software, with a margin ≥ 5 mm associated with local control in both software.

Key Points

Sufficient ablative margins are critical for local control following thermal ablation of CRLM.

Intraprocedural CT-derived MAM was the only independent factor associated with LTP across two confirmation software.

No LTP was observed in CRLM ablated with a MAM ≥ 5 mm.
Real-world experience with the new pulsed solid-state Thulium: YAG laser (Thulio) for endoscopic enucleation of the prostate
Authors: von Bargen Maximilian Ferry , Glienke M. , Tonyali S. , Sigle A. , Wilhelm K. , Schoenthaler M. , Gratzke C. , Miernik A.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The solid-state Thulium laser (Tm: YAG) is a novel alternative to the widely used Holmium laser for endoscopic enucleation of the prostate (EEP) due to its relatively high peak power. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of a new pulsed Tm: YAG laser in its first application in humans.

Methods

Data were retrospectively collected for the first 103 patients who underwent EEP with a new pulsed solid-state Tm: YAG laser (Thulio®, Dornier MedTech Systems GmbH, Weßling, Germany). Peri- and postoperative data were assessed. Procedure-specific complications were graded using Clavien-Dindo Classifications (CDC). Patients were interviewed 15 months after the surgery to evaluate functional and long-term outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS®).

Results

The mean preoperative prostate volume was 105.6 ± 55.0 ml. Median enucleation speed was 4.1 g per minute (range 1.1–9.7). Short-term postoperative complications occurred in 21 patients (20.4%), but no high-grade complications (CDC ≥ IV) were observed. Five patients suffered gross haematuria and required reintervention (CDC IIIb; 4.9%). After 15 months, 76 patients (73.8%) participated in the follow-up interview, where seven patients (9.2%) reported complications, including two reinterventions for urethral strictures (CDC IIIb; 2.6%). Most patients reported an improvement in continence (54.0%) and urine stream (93.4%), but no difference in erectile function (81.6%). No persistent dysuria was reported. Patient satisfaction with the surgery results was very high (96.1%).

Conclusion

Endoscopic enucleation of the prostate with the new pulsed solid-state Tm: YAG laser is a safe and effective option for surgical BPH treatment.

Trial registration

German Clinical Trials Register number: DRKS00031676. Registration date: 10 May 2023, retrospectively registered.
DOG-EyeTeacher: eine Antwort der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Lehre auf die Umstrukturierungen im Medizinstudium
Authors: Stasik Isabel , Feltgen Nicolas , Plange Niklas , Holz Frank G. , Raupach Tobias ,   die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Lehre, Bartz-Schmidt  , Beyer  , Brandl  , Conrad-Hengerer  , Feltgen  , Flockerzi  , Gabel-Pfisterer  , Hoffmann  , Holz  , Kakkassery  , Lauermann  , Maier  , Mercieca  , Nagel  , Pfau  , Pitz  , Plange  , Raupauch  , Salchow  , Schmack  , Schrittenlocher  , Stahl  , Stasik  , Storp  , Tode  , Vorwerk  , Zimmermann
Published: August 2024

Hintergrund

Der 2017 verabschiedete Masterplan Medizin 2020 sieht viele Veränderungen im Medizinstudium vor. Auch die Lehrinhalte und Unterrichtsschwerpunkte werden von den Neustrukturierungen betroffen sein. Ein Ziel ist es, die Studierenden kompetenzorientiert auf ihre zukünftige Aufgabe als Ärztinnen und Ärzte vorzubereiten. Der NKLM (Nationaler Kompetenzbasierter Lernzielkatalog Medizin) bildet hierbei die Basis der zukünftig zu unterrichtenden Lehrinhalte.

Methoden

Die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Lehre der DOG hat sich zur Aufgabe gemacht, diese Umstrukturierungen aktiv zu begleiten. In einer standortübergreifenden Zusammenarbeit wurden zur Unterstützung der Lehrenden und auf der Grundlage des NKLM Lehrmaterialien für verschiedene Unterrichtsformate zusammengestellt (z. B. Folien für den Kleingruppenunterricht, Operationsmitschnitte, Bildergalerien, Fallbeispiele) und anschließend in einer Online-Bibliothek, DOG-EyeTeacher genannt, zusammengeführt.

Ergebnisse

Der DOG-EyeTeacher soll die Lehrenden an den Universitäten und ihren Ausbildungskliniken unterstützen, den Qualitätsstandard inhaltlicher Schwerpunkte angleichen, den allseitigen Dialog über die Lehre in der Augenheilkunde fördern und gleichzeitig der Lehre als wichtiger Säule des universitären Dreiklangs in der Medizin mehr Gewicht verleihen. Langfristig soll durch die Bereitstellung ansprechender und zeitgemäßer Lehrmaterialien das Interesse angehender Ärztinnen und Ärzte am Fach Ophthalmologie gesteigert werden.

Schlussfolgerung

Der DOG-EyeTeacher stellt eine Antwort der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Lehre der DOG auf die mit der geplanten Neustrukturierung des Medizinstudiums einhergehenden Herausforderungen dar. Jedes lehrinteressierte DOG-Mitglied kann sich seit Oktober 2023 kostenfrei einen Account erstellen und die Lehrmaterialien nutzen.
Carl Flügge, one of the last holistic hygienists and discoverer of droplet transmission of infectious diseases
Authors: Donald Peter R. , Kaufmann Stefan H.E. , Schaub Dagmar , Thee Stephanie , Lange Christoph
Published: August 2024

Carl Flügge is best known for the promotion of studies demonstrating the transmission of all manner of infections, but particularly tuberculosis, by coughed droplets. But it is seldom recognised that Flügge was also influential in a number of other fields comprising the practice of hygiene. One-hundred years following his death in 1923, we review literature related to the studies of Flügge and his colleagues and students and illustrate the particular emphasis he laid upon the environment within which disease and its transmission might be fostered or prevented, embracing and studying aspects essential to the health of any community ranging from fundamental microbiology in the laboratory to subjects as disparate as housing, clean water supply, nutrition, sanitation, socio-economic circumstances and climate. Very early in his career he promoted breast feeding for the prevention of seasonal gastro-enteritis and later the sheltering of cough as a means of preventing the transmission of infected respiratory droplets, not only as regards tuberculosis, but also concerning all manner of other respiratory infections. By the time of Flügge’s death the complexification of available scientific methodologies comprising hygiene made it difficult for any individual to comprehend and study the wide range of hygiene-related subjects such as Flügge did. Carl Flügge was one of the last holistic hygienists and an originator of the study of environmental health as a pillar of hygiene.
Advancing horizons in remote sensing: a comprehensive survey of deep learning models and applications in image classification and beyond
Authors: Paheding Sidike , Saleem Ashraf , Siddiqui Mohammad Faridul Haque , Rawashdeh Nathir , Essa Almabrok , Reyes Abel A.
Published: August 2024

In recent years, deep learning has significantly reshaped numerous fields and applications, fundamentally altering how we tackle a variety of challenges. Areas such as natural language processing (NLP), computer vision, healthcare, network security, wide-area surveillance, and precision agriculture have leveraged the merits of the deep learning era. Particularly, deep learning has significantly improved the analysis of remote sensing images, with a continuous increase in the number of researchers and contributions to the field. The high impact of deep learning development is complemented by rapid advancements and the availability of data from a variety of sensors, including high-resolution RGB, thermal, LiDAR, and multi-/hyperspectral cameras, as well as emerging sensing platforms such as satellites and aerial vehicles that can be captured by multi-temporal, multi-sensor, and sensing devices with a wider view. This study aims to present an extensive survey that encapsulates widely used deep learning strategies for tackling image classification challenges in remote sensing. It encompasses an exploration of remote sensing imaging platforms, sensor varieties, practical applications, and prospective developments in the field.
A novel methodology for offline English handwritten character recognition using ELBP-based sequential (CNN)
Authors: Humayun Muniba , Siddiqi Raheel , Uddin Mueen , Kandhro Irfan Ali , Abdelhaq Maha , Alsaqour Raed
Published: August 2024

Handwritten character recognition falls under the domain of image classification, which has been under research for years. But still, specific gaps need to be highlighted as offline handwritten character recognition (OHCR) with the limitation of the unstructured hierarchy of character classification. However, the idea is to make the machine recognize handwritten human characters. The language focused on in this research paper is English, using offline handwritten character recognition for identifying English characters. There are many publicly available datasets, of which EMNIST is the most challenging. The key idea of this research paper is to recommend a deep learning-based ELBP-CNN method to help recognize English characters. This research paper proposes a deep learning CovNet with feature extraction and novel local binary pattern-based approaches, LBP (AND, OR), that is tested and compared with renowned pre-trained models using transfer learning. These parametric settings address multiple issues and are finalized after experimentation. The same hyperparametric settings were used for all the models under test and E-Character, with the same data augmentation settings. The proposed model, named the E-Character recognizer, produced 87.31% accuracy. It was better than most of the tested pre-trained models and other proposed methods by other researchers. This research paper further highlighted some problems, like misclassification due to the similar structure of characters.
Advances in remote sensing based soil moisture retrieval: applications, techniques, scales and challenges for combining machine learning and physical models
Authors: Abbes Ali Ben , Jarray Noureddine , Farah Imed Riadh
Published: August 2024

Soil Moisture (SM) monitoring is crucial for various applications in agriculture, hydrology, and climate science. Remote Sensing (RS) offers a powerful tool for large-scale SM retrieval. This paper explores the advancements in RS techniques for SM estimation. We discuss the applications of these techniques, along with the advantages and limitations of traditional physical models and data-driven Machine Learning (ML) based approaches. The paper emphasizes the potential of combining ML and physical models to leverage the strengths of both approaches. We explore the challenges associated with this integration and future research directions to improve the accuracy, scalability, and robustness of RS-based SM retrieval. Finally, the paper also discusses a few issues such as input data selection, data availability, ML complexity, the need for public datasets for benchmarking, and analysis.
Breaking the data barrier: a review of deep learning techniques for democratizing AI with small datasets
Authors: Rather Ishfaq Hussain , Kumar Sushil , Gandomi Amir H.
Published: August 2024

Justifiably, while big data is the primary interest of research and public discourse, it is essential to acknowledge that small data remains prevalent. The same technological and societal forces that generate big datasets also produce a more significant number of small datasets. Contrary to the notion that more data is inherently superior, real-world constraints such as budget limitations and increased analytical complexity present critical challenges. Quality versus quantity trade-offs necessitate strategic decision-making, where small data often leads to quicker, more accurate, and cost-effective insights. Concentrating AI research, particularly in deep learning (DL), on big datasets exacerbates AI inequality, as tech giants such as Meta, Amazon, Apple, Netflix and Google (MAANG) can easily lead AI research due to their access to vast datasets, creating a barrier for small and mid-sized enterprises that lack similar access. This article addresses this imbalance by exploring DL techniques optimized for small datasets, offering a comprehensive review of historic and state-of-the-art DL models developed specifically for small datasets. This study aims to highlight the feasibility and benefits of these approaches, promoting a more inclusive and equitable AI landscape. Through a PRISMA-based literature search, 175+ relevant articles are identified and subsequently analysed based on various attributes, such as publisher, country, utilization of small dataset technique, dataset size, and performance. This article also delves into current DL models and highlights open research problems, offering recommendations for future investigations. Additionally, the article highlights the importance of developing DL models that effectively utilize small datasets, particularly in domains where data acquisition is difficult and expensive.
Interplay between neutrino kicks and hydrodynamic kicks of neutron stars and black holes
Authors: Janka Hans-Thomas , Kresse Daniel
Published: August 2024

Neutron stars (NSs) are observed with high space velocities and elliptical orbits in binaries. The magnitude of these effects points to natal kicks that originate from asymmetries during the supernova (SN) explosions. Using a growing set of long-time 3D SN simulations with the Prometheus-Vertex code, we explore the interplay of NS kicks that are induced by asymmetric neutrino emission and by asymmetric mass ejection. Anisotropic neutrino emission can arise from a large-amplitude dipolar convection asymmetry inside the proto-NS (PNS) termed LESA (Lepton-number Emission Self-sustained Asymmetry) and from aspherical accretion downflows around the PNS, which can lead to anisotropic neutrino emission (absorption/scattering) with a neutrino-induced NS kick roughly opposite to (aligned with) the kick by asymmetric mass ejection. In massive progenitors, hydrodynamic kicks can reach up to more than 1300 km s−1, whereas our calculated neutrino kicks reach (55–140) km s−1 (estimated upper bounds of (170–265) km s−1) and only ∼(10–50) km s−1, if LESA is the main cause of asymmetric neutrino emission. Therefore, hydrodynamic NS kicks dominate in explosions of high-mass progenitors, whereas LESA-induced neutrino kicks dominate for NSs born in low-energy SNe of the lowest-mass progenitors, when these explode nearly spherically. Our models suggest that the Crab pulsar with its velocity of ∼160 km s−1, if born in the low-energy explosion of a low-mass, single-star progenitor, should have received a hydrodynamic kick in a considerably asymmetric explosion. Black holes, if formed by the collapse of short-lived PNSs and solely kicked by anisotropic neutrino emission, obtain velocities of only some km s−1.
Thermal performance of native and invasive crab species: investigating the invasion potential of Hemigrapsus takanoi in southern European Carcinus maenas’ habitats
Authors: Rato L. D. , Simões T. , Novais S. C. , Damasceno J. M. , Van der Meer J. , Thieltges D. W. , Marques J. C. , Lemos M. F. L.
Published: August 2024

Invasive species’ plasticity and latitudinal spread have become an increasing matter of concern in rapidly changing climate. The brush-clawed shore crab (Hemigrapsus takanoi), native along northwestern Pacific shores, has established dense populations in northern European coasts. Detrimental effects in natura have been reported, such as displacement of native species and competition for shelter, rasing concerns regarding shellfish early life stages and food webs-posing a threat to wild stocks’ recruitment and aquaculture. The species has not yet been observed in southern European countries (e.g., Portugal), where niche habitats such as harbours, mudflats, and lagoons reach higher temperatures than the invaded northern range. The aims of this study were to determine H. takanoi potential to acclimate to a southern thermal range, assess thermal performance, and identify potential competitive advantages over the native shore crab Carcinus maenas. This was accomplished through individual exposure to one of three treatments, resembling a southern European thermal range (17 °C, 21 °C, or 25 °C), for 30 days. H. takanoi thrived in temperatures as high as 25 °C, a realistic thermal scenario in Óbidos Lagoon (the biggest Portuguese lagoon)—while the native shore crab C. maenas underperformed at that treatment, showing lower survival, growth, and feed intake than H. takanoi. These results suggest that H. takanoi may be able to colonise southern and warmer European locations and have higher plasticity than the native species already inhabiting areas close to its upper thermal limits. Under global warming scenarios, inferences of further latitudinal spread and increased invaded range may also be taken to the invaded northern European habitats.
Influence of tumour grade on disease survival in male breast cancer patients: a systematic review
Authors: Kinsey-Trotman Stephen , Nguyen Alain , Edwards Suzanne , Swalling Adam , Dasari Pallave , Walsh David , Ingman Wendy V.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Histological grading of tumours is a well-established biomarker used to guide treatment in female breast cancer. However, its significance in male breast cancer remains unclear. This systematic review investigates the prognostic significance of tumour grade in relation to breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) in male breast cancer patients undergoing surgery.

Methods

MEDLINE, PUBMED Central and EMBASE databases were searched to identify randomised trials and observational studies related to male breast neoplasms, tumour grading, recurrence, and survival.

Results

A total of fifteen observational type studies were included in the review. A significant association between tumour grade and BCSS was reported in a majority of studies. This association was most evident with regard to high-grade (grade III) compared to low grade (grade I) tumours, with a significant relationship in 4 out of 4 studies. For intermediate-grade II tumours an association was demonstrated in a minority of studies.

Conclusions

This study confirms an association between high-grade male breast cancers and poorer disease-specific survival, however, the significance of intermediate-grade tumours remains unclear. Further research is required to investigate the biology of male breast cancer in relation to histological grade and optimally define intermediate-grade disease.
Social Impact Assessment of Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives: Evaluating the Social Return on Investment of an Inclusion Offer
Authors: Scelles Nicolas , Inoue Yuhei , Perkin Seth Joseph , Valenti Maurizio
Published: August 2024

This study addresses the growing interest in the social impact assessment of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. Using the benefit (value) transfer approach, this study seeks to demonstrate how the social return on investment (SROI) of a CSR inclusion initiative promoting disability sport participation can be assessed. Literature on CSR inclusion initiatives, social impact measurement, disability sport participation and disability interventions/organizations was reviewed and compared. This helped identify the stakeholders and social outcomes to include, and the assumptions for the financial proxies and beneficiary percentages. Based on data provided by the Rugby Football League in England, an application to Inclusion Rugby League— a CSR inclusion initiative promoting disability sport participation—was then conducted. The SROI of Inclusion Rugby League is 3.39:1—a social return of £3.39 for £1 invested. Our research quantifies the positive social impact of a CSR inclusion initiative in monetary terms, providing insights for assessing SROI. This study informs future research on the social impact assessment of CSR initiatives, offering valuable guidance for organizations and their managers in making a case for further investments in CSR. Moreover, it encourages potential funders to engage in CSR initiatives.
Visual pigment chromophore usage in Nicaraguan Midas cichlids: phenotypic plasticity and genetic assimilation of cyp27c1 expression
Authors: Bertinetti César , Meyer Axel , Torres-Dowdall Julián
Published: August 2024

The wide-ranging photic conditions found across aquatic habitats may act as selective pressures that potentially drive the rapid evolution and diversity of the visual system in teleost fish. Teleost fish fine-tune their visual sensitivities by regulating the two components of visual pigments, the opsin protein and the chromophore. Compared with opsin protein variation, chromophore usage across photic habitats has received little attention. The Nicaraguan Midas cichlid species complex, Amphilophus cf citrinellus [Günther 1864], has independently colonized seven isolated crater lakes with different photic conditions, resulting in several recent adaptive radiations. Here, we investigate variation in cyp27c1, the main enzyme modulating chromophore exchange. We measured cyp27c1 expression in photic environments in the wild, its genetic component in laboratory-reared fish, and its response to different light conditions during development. We found that photic environments significantly predict variation in cyp27c1 expression in wild populations and that this variation seems to be genetically assimilated in two populations. Furthermore, light-induced cyp27c1 expression exhibited genotype-by-environment interactions in our manipulative experiments. Overall, within-lake variation in cyp27c1 expression was higher and inversely related to variation in opsin gene expression along the photic gradient, emphasizing the key role of cyp27c1 in the visual ecology of cichlid fish.
Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Neuroinflammatory Mediated Mechanism of Pathogenesis?
Authors: Zarimeidani Fatemeh , Rahmati Rahem , Mostafavi Mehrnaz , Darvishi Mohammad , Khodadadi Sanaz , Mohammadi Mahya , Shamlou Farid , Bakhtiyari Salar , Alipourfard Iraj
Published: August 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social communication and behavior, frequently accompanied by restricted and repetitive patterns of interests or activities. The gut microbiota has been implicated in the etiology of ASD due to its impact on the bidirectional communication pathway known as the gut-brain axis. However, the precise involvement of the gut microbiota in the causation of ASD is unclear. This study critically examines recent evidence to rationalize a probable mechanism in which gut microbiota symbiosis can induce neuroinflammation through intermediator cytokines and metabolites. To develop ASD, loss of the integrity of the intestinal barrier, activation of microglia, and dysregulation of neurotransmitters are caused by neural inflammatory factors. It has emphasized the potential role of neuroinflammatory intermediates linked to gut microbiota alterations in individuals with ASD. Specifically, cytokines like brain-derived neurotrophic factor, calprotectin, eotaxin, and some metabolites and microRNAs have been considered etiological biomarkers. We have also overviewed how probiotic trials may be used as a therapeutic strategy in ASD to reestablish a healthy balance in the gut microbiota. Evidence indicates neuroinflammation induced by dysregulated gut microbiota in ASD, yet there is little clarity based on analysis of the circulating immune profile. It deems the repair of microbiota load would lower inflammatory chaos in the GI tract, correct neuroinflammatory mediators, and modulate the neurotransmitters to attenuate autism. The interaction between the gut and the brain, along with alterations in microbiota and neuroinflammatory biomarkers, serves as a foundational background for understanding the etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of autism spectrum disorder.

Graphical Abstract
Towards Resource-Efficient DDoS Detection in IoT: Leveraging Feature Engineering of System and Network Usage Metrics
Authors: Gavric Nikola , Prasad Bhandari Guru , Shalaginov Andrii
Published: August 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) is omnipresent, exposing a large number of devices that often lack security controls to the public Internet. In the modern world, many everyday processes depend on these devices, and their service outage could lead to catastrophic consequences. There are many Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) based intrusion detection systems (IDS). However, their linear computational complexity induced by the event-driven nature poses a power-demanding obstacle in resource-constrained IoT environments. In this paper, we shift away from the traditional IDS as we introduce a novel and lightweight framework, relying on a time-driven algorithm to detect Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks by employing Machine Learning (ML) algorithms leveraging the newly engineered features containing system and network utilization information. These features are periodically generated, and there are only ten of them, resulting in a low and constant algorithmic complexity. Moreover, we leverage IoT-specific patterns to detect malicious traffic as we argue that each Denial of Service (DoS) attack leaves a unique fingerprint in the proposed set of features. We construct a dataset by launching some of the most prevalent DoS attacks against an IoT device, and we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with high accuracy. The results show that standalone IoT devices can detect and classify DoS and, therefore, arguably, DDoS attacks against them at a low computational cost with a deterministic delay.
Sustainable urban planning to control flood exposure in the coastal zones of China
Authors: Wu Yijing , Li Jingwei , Wu Haoyuan , Duan Yongqiang , Shen Hanru , Du Shiqiang
Published: August 2024

Context

Sustainable development in coastal zones faces escalating flood risk in the context of climate change and urbanization, and the rapid urban growth in flood zones has been one of the key drivers. Therefore, understanding the Urban Exposure to Flooding (UEF) and its future scenarios is important in coastal zones.

Objectives

The objectives of this study were: (1) to assess the future dynamics of UEFs in China's coastal zones, and (2) to identify a sustainable way of urban planning in controlling the growth of UEFs.

Methods

Future UEFs in coastal China were assessed during 2020–2050 by combining urban expansion model, scenario analysis, and flood exposure assessment. Alternative scenarios were considered of shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), representative concentration pathways (RCPs), strategies of urban planning.

Results

The results show that the 1000-year flood UEFs along coastal China was expected to grow under SSP2-RCP4.5 from 9,879 km2 in 2020 to 13,424 (12,997–13,981) km2 in 2050, representing an increment of 35.88% (31.56%–41.52%). Alternatively, the strategy of sustainable development planning could reduce the newly added UEF by 16.98% (15.63%–18.67%) in a 1000-year flood scenario.

Conclusions

The findings proved that the ways of urban growth matters in terms of affecting food exposure and risk and flood risk should be incorporated into urban planning for a sustainable landscape. The study could offer methodology and support for sustainable development strategies in reducing future urban flood risk.
ConcatNeXt: An automated blood cell classification with a new deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Erten Mehmet , Barua Prabal Datta , Dogan Sengul , Tuncer Turker , Tan Ru-San , Acharya U. R.
Published: August 2024

Examining peripheral blood smears is valuable in clinical settings, yet manual identification of blood cells proves time-consuming. To address this, an automated blood cell image classification system is crucial. Our objective is to develop a precise automated model for detecting various blood cell types, leveraging a novel deep learning architecture.

We harnessed a publicly available dataset of 17,092 blood cell images categorized into eight classes. Our innovation lies in ConcatNeXt, a new convolutional neural network. In the spirit of Geoffrey Hinton's approach, we adapted ConvNeXt by substituting the Gaussian error linear unit with a rectified linear unit and layer normalization with batch normalization. We introduced depth concatenation blocks to fuse information effectively and incorporated a patchify layer.

Integrating ConcatNeXt with nested patch-based deep feature engineering, featuring downstream iterative neighborhood component analysis and support vector machine-based functions, establishes a comprehensive approach. ConcatNeXt achieved notable validation and test accuracies of 97.43% and 97.77%, respectively. The ConcatNeXt-based feature engineering model further elevated accuracy to 98.73%. Gradient-weighted class activation maps were employed to provide interpretability, offering valuable insights into model decision-making.

Our proposed ConcatNeXt and nested patch-based deep feature engineering models excel in blood cell image classification, showcasing remarkable classification performances. These innovations mark significant strides in computer vision-based blood cell analysis.
Characterization of a Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) in Hirudo Verbana
Authors: Kabeiseman Emily , Paulsen Riley T. , Burrell Brian D.
Published: August 2024

The endocannabinoid system plays a critical role in modulating both peripheral and central nervous system function. Despite being present throughout the animal kingdom, there has been relatively little investigation of the endocannabinoid system beyond traditional animal models. In this study, we report on the identification and characterization of a putative fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in the medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana. FAAH is the primary enzyme responsible for metabolizing the endocannabinoid signaling molecule arachidonoyl ethanolamide (anandamide or AEA) and therefore plays a critical role in regulating AEA levels in the nervous system. mRNA encoding Hirudo FAAH (HirFAAH) is expressed in the leech central nervous system (CNS) and sequence analysis suggests that this is an orthologue of FAAH-2 observed in vertebrates. Functionally, HirFAAH has serine hydrolase activity based on activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) studies using the fluorophosphonate probe TAMRA-FP. HirFAAH also hydrolyzes arachidonyl 7-amino, 4-methyl coumarin amide (AAMCA), a substrate specific to FAAH. Hydrolase activity during both the ABPP and AAMCA assays was eliminated by a mutation at a conserved catalytic serine. Activity was also blocked by the known FAAH inhibitor, URB597. Treatment of Hirudo ganglia with URB597 potentiated synapses made by the pressure-sensitive mechanosensory neuron (P cell), mimicking the effects of exogenously applied AEA. The Hirudo CNS has been a useful system in which to study properties of endocannabinoid modulation of nociception relevant to vertebrates. Therefore, this characterization of HirFAAH is an important contribution to comparative studies of the endocannabinoid system.
Bibliometrics beyond citations: introducing mention extraction and analysis
Authors: Petrovich Eugenio , Verhaegh Sander , Bös Gregor , Cristalli Claudia , Dewulf Fons , van Gemert Ties , IJdens Nina
Published: August 2024

Standard citation-based bibliometric tools have severe limitations when they are applied to periods in the history of science and the humanities before the advent of now-current citation practices. This paper presents an alternative method involving the extracting and analysis of mentions to map and analyze links between scholars and texts in periods that fall outside the scope of citation-based studies. Focusing on one specific discipline in one particular period and language area—Anglophone philosophy between 1890 and 1979—we describe a procedure to create a mention index by identifying, extracting, and disambiguating mentions in academic publications. Our mention index includes 1,095,765 mention links, extracted from 22,977 articles published in 12 journals. We successfully link 93% of these mentions to specific philosophers, with an estimated precision of 82% to 91%. Moreover, we integrate the mention index into a database named EDHIPHY, which includes data and metadata from multiple sources and enables multidimensional mention analyses. In the final part of the paper, we present four case studies conducted by domain experts, demonstrating the use and the potential of both EDHIPHY and mention analyses more generally.
Cross-Scale Phase Relationship of the Ca II K Index with Solar Wind Parameters: A Space Climate Focus
Authors: Reda Raffaele , Giovannelli Luca , Alberti Tommaso
Published: August 2024

The solar wind, representing one of the most impacting phenomena in the circum-terrestrial space, constitutes one of the several manifestations of the magnetic activity of the Sun. With the aim of shedding light on the scales beyond the rotational period of the Sun (i.e., Space Climate scales), this study investigates the phase relationship of a solar activity physical proxy, the Ca II K index, with solar wind properties measured near the Earth, over the whole space era (last five solar cycles). Using a powerful tool such as the Hilbert–Huang transform, we investigate the dependence of their phase coherence on the obtained time scale components. Phase coherence at the same time scales is found between all the components and is also preserved between adjacent components with time scales ≳ 2 yrs. Finally, given the availability of the intrinsic modes of oscillation, we explore how the relationship of Ca II K index with solar wind parameters depends on the time scale considered. According to our results, we hypothesize the presence of a bifurcation in the phase-space Ca II K index vs. solar wind speed (dynamic pressure), where the time scale seems to act as a bifurcation parameter. This concept may be pivotal for unraveling the complex interplay between solar activity and solar wind, bearing implications from the prediction and the interpretation point of view in Space Climate studies.
Transdisciplinary approach to the characterisation and current status of Spanish karstic lakes on gypsum
Authors: Morant Daniel , Camacho-Santamans Alba , Hidalgo Rafael , Camacho Antonio
Published: August 2024

Karstic lakes on gypsum are a very peculiar type of ecosystem declared as a Habitat Type of Community Interest (Type 3190) by the European Habitats Directive. They are usually small lakes but often displaying a high relative depth, located in active gypsum karst areas, with a high saturation of Ca2+ and SO42− in its waters. These lakes can usually stratify from spring to early autumn when the depth is high enough, then a sulphide-rich anoxic hypolimnion can develop in deep layers. So far, neither a comprehensive scientific definition of their ecological characteristics nor an exhaustive catalogue of their occurrence in a particular territory are available. This paper delves on their biotic and abiotic features needed for their identification as an ecosystem type. A proper methodology was also designed and applied for the evaluation of their conservation status, with the definition of reference values and assessment methods following the criteria of the Habitats Directive. The Spanish karstic lakes on gypsum (THCI 3190) were here identified, statistically representative sites were selected, and spatial GIS methods and multimetric indices were applied to assess the range, area, structure and function, and future prospects of this Habitat Type, as requested for the reporting according to Article 17 of the Habitats Directive. Results showed a favourable conservation status of this habitat type in the Alpine and Atlantic regions of Spain, but unfavourable-inadequate status in the Mediterranean, due to the pressures and impacts acting on some specific sites. A critical analysis of the methodologies and the values obtained for its conservation status was carried out.
Unveiling the Triple Diffusion Bioconvective Applications for Couple Stress Nanofluid Due To an Oscillating Regime with Variable Thermal Features
Authors: Khan Sami Ullah , Adnan  , Riaz Arshad , Ramesh Katta , Bhatti M. M.
Published: August 2024

Thermal engineering and industrial processes see various multidisciplinary applications due to the enhanced thermal performances of nanomaterials. The nanomaterials preserve a profound breakthrough in enhancing the heat transfer phenomenon. The objective of the current investigation is to address the thermal applications of couples-stress nanofluid in the presence of triple diffusion effects. The analysis is subject to the bioconvective significance of the suspension of microbes. The viscosity and thermal conductivity of a couple stress fluids are assumed to be variable. Moreover, we endorse linear thermal radiation effects and approach the problem with an effective Prandtl number. The source of flow is an oscillatory, porous stretching surface. Based on suggested flow assumptions, the model is represented via nonlinear couple partial differential equations (PDEs). We employ the homotopy analysis scheme to forecast the analytical simulations. The physical outcomes for the involved parameters are observed for the modeled problem. Various aspects based on the deduced results are claimed. Based on the performed analysis, it is observed that the magnitude of skin friction decreases due to variations in the couple-stress fluid parameter. The heat increases with the modified Dufour number and variable thermal conductivity coefficient. Furthermore, an increasing behavior of nanoparticle solutal concentration has been observed due to the Dufour-Lewis number.
Ionic liquid-based transparent membrane-coupled human lung epithelium-on-a-chip demonstrating PM0.5 pollution effect under breathing mechanostress
Authors: Kaya Bilgesu , Yesil-Celiktas Ozlem
Published: August 2024

The plausibility of human exposure to particulate matter (PM) has witnessed an increase within the last several years. PM of different sizes has been discovered in the atmosphere given the role of dust transport in weather and climate composition. As a regulator, the lung epithelium orchestrates the innate response to local damage. Herein, we developed a lung epithelium-on-a-chip platform consisting of easily moldable polydimethylsiloxane layers along with a thin, flexible, and transparent ionic liquid-based poly(hydroxyethyl) methacrylate gel membrane. The epithelium was formed through the culture of human lung epithelial cells (Calu-3) on this membrane. The mechanical stress at the air–liquid interface during inhalation/exhalation was recapitulated using an Arduino-based servo motor system, which applied a uniaxial tensile strength from the two sides of the chip with 10% strain and a frequency of 0.2 Hz. Subsequently, the administration of silica nanoparticles (PM0.5) with an average size of 463 nm to the on-chip platform under static, dynamic, and dynamic + mechanical stress (DMS) conditions demonstrated the effect of environmental pollutants on lung epithelium. The viability and release of lactate dehydrogenase were determined along with proinflammatory response through the quantification of tumor necrosis factor-α, which indicated alterations in the epithelium.

Graphic abstract
Remote pulmonary pathology diagnosis using a handheld device for acquiring lung sounds at the mouth: a proof of concept study
Authors: Menachemi Doron M. , Brodsky Tom , Shimelis Kasa , Abu Kartouma Muhammad , Hochstadt Aviram
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Obtaining relevant information about respiratory conditions is a unique challenge in the rapidly growing field of telehealth. While auscultation using a stethoscope remains the first-line method in primary care, it is not a practical solution in a home setting, as it requires the presence of both a skilled caregiver and experienced interpreter online. We conducted a proofofconcept study of a simple selfcheck thermometer-like device (OmnySense®), which acquires auscultatory data through a microphone in the head of the device.

Objectives

To have a concept of proof that home handled simplified device can asure a remote opion in telemedicine enhancing prompt and ease way to diagnose lung pathologies.

Methods

We assessed the agreement between subjective evaluations of lung sounds using the device and those using a digital stethoscope for the presence of crackles and/or wheezes. A total of 385 recordings from 13 patients admitted to the internal department were blindly, individually, and randomly assessed by three experienced physicians. The intra-modality agreement for crackles between evaluators was moderate for both the device and the stethoscope, with kappa statistics of 0.44 and 0.6 for the device and stethoscope, respectively, for the detection of wheezing and 0.46 and 0.4, respectively, for the crackles. The intermodality agreement was moderate for wheezes, with a kappa of 0.53, and was substantial for crackles, with a kappa of 0.71. Comparing the ability of crackles to diagnose pulmonary findings by imaging showed comparable sensitivity and specificity for both modalities.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the diagnostic performance of OmnySense’s selfoperating device is similar to that of physician interpretation of digital stethoscope recordings; thus, OmnySense has the potential to become a useful tool in the remote assessment of respiratory conditions and pathologies.
Density functional theory study of two-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites: frontier level alignment and chirality-induced spin splitting
Authors: Song Ruyi , Zhao Rundong
Published: August 2024

Perovskites are a class of semiconductors initially recognized for their exceptional efficiency in solar cell applications. Subsequent research has revealed their diverse and attractive optoelectronic properties. Over the last decades, molecule-level engineering attempts toward the original three-dimensional (“3D”) perovskites have led to the emergence of two-dimensional (“2D”) layered crystals and introduced extensive compositional, structural, and electronic tunability through the incorporation of various organic cations to form hybrid perovskite systems. Consequently, we concentrated on the theoretical investigation of innovative and complex 2D hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites using density functional theory (DFT). A DFT-based simulation protocol has been developed, enabling the efficient simulation of hybrid perovskite systems and providing accurate explanations and predictions of various experimental phenomena. This account article summarizes the recent in-depth DFT study of the structural, electronic, and spin-related properties of 2D hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites.
Langzeitfolgen einer Intensivtherapie
Authors: Wiegele Marion , Hermann Martina , Kimberger Oliver , Schaden Eva , Tiboldi Akos
Published: August 2024

Das Post-Intensive Care Syndrom (PICS) beschreibt Beeinträchtigungen der physischen, kognitiven oder psychischen Funktionen, die nach einem Intensivaufenthalt erstmals oder verstärkt auftreten. Diese Langzeitfolgen stellen eine Herausforderung für den Alltag Betroffener und deren Familien, aber auch für das Gesundheitssystem und den Arbeitsmarkt dar. Die strukturierte Nachsorge durch multiprofessionelle Teams in Form von Spezialambulanzen bzw. spezifischen Rehabilitationsprogrammen verbessert die Lebensqualität ehemaliger Intensivpatient:innen. In Österreich gibt es bisher keine flächendeckende Nachsorge für Betroffene. Ziel dieses Artikels ist die Sensibilisierung der Behandlungsteams und das Aufzeigen der Vorteile einer strukturierten Nachsorge mit Anbindung an das Krankenhaus.
Affordable generic digital twins for existing building environment management and an onsite deployment
Authors: Li Jingming , Wang Jiaoju
Published: August 2024

The energy consumption during the operation and maintenance phase of buildings is huge. As the built-up area in China increases, the demand for energy conservation in existing buildings has become a key focus of its dual carbon policy. Intelligent operation and maintenance based on digital twins is an emerging means to reduce carbon emissions from buildings, but it faces some problems in the process of promotion. Complete digital and intelligent transformation requires significant investment and has certain requirements for project parties and operation and maintenance teams. Small businesses or individual households have relatively simple requirements for intelligent operation and maintenance scenarios and do not require complete digital twins. To address the above issues, this article uses an affordable universal digital twin framework to provide a digital solution for intelligent operation and maintenance of existing buildings. This solution allows networking communication between devices and uses IoT modules to monitor and control the environment. This digital twinning model can reduce the measurement and control of energy-consuming end devices without on-site transformation and has rich scalability. This article uses the solution to deploy an office at a university in Henan Province and specifically measures the power consumption of displays, indoor environment, and air conditioning. According to the needs, it expands the space occupation, fans, air handlers, lights, and other end devices of the digital twin. The digital twin accurately presents the energy consumption of the office during extreme weather conditions, which has an auxiliary role in promoting digital twins in the region and optimizing energy consumption in existing buildings.