bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mutual self-organization of dislocations, phonons, electrons and photons during plastic deformation of crystals
Authors: Klassen N V , Myshliaev M M
Published: September 2019

Periodical structures of dislocations and other structural defects are found in crystals subjected to various kinds of plastic deformation. These periodicities exist in a wide range of scales from tens of millimeters to tens of nanometers. Periodical systems of structural defects are combined with especial resonant systems of phonon, electron and photon excitations due to long-distant interactions between them. This self-organization of mutually bound distortions of regular crystalline lattice, phonons, electrons and photons are capable to influence significantly on the processes of modifications of crystalline structure by mechanical, magnetic, radiation and other external forces.
Modeling of conductive states in polymer nanocomposites with disordered GaAs nanowire array
Authors: Elnikova L V , Ponomarenko A T , Shevchenko V G
Published: September 2019

We provide numerical Monte Carlo modeling of conductive properties of polymer composites, comprised by doping a polymer matrix with carbon nanotubes and III-IV GaAs nanowires. We apply the basic Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model, which is considered universal for every component of such ternary systems, and in a general case with required parameters. Such modeling of conductive characteristics is motivated by requirements of optimization of geometry and structure of novel photovoltaic devices.
Parameters of electromagnetic pollution from different sources and their hazard impact
Authors: Frah M A A , Belyaev V V
Published: September 2019

During this recent year and a cording development of technology and electronic and software, unexpected kind of pollution among this type of technology appear in our life, this is electromagnetic radiation (EMR), which expose to people, which has Surprisingly risen. For the people who is connected with technology or not, it is important that they have sufficient information about EMF emitting from the equipment that related to field they are in. Therefore, EMR is not only described, but the effects of EMR sources have also been studied in this paper. EMR is basically divided into two parts which are ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation. In the other way the techniques we use most often in every life are exposed to radio wave electromagnetic radiation, as the telecommunication systems and microwave oven. but, EMR emitted from these systems it almost has largely ignored due to their low energy level, where it has greatly hazard with the passage time and increased of exposure to this type of radiation. However, EMR ionizing as x-ray, and medical equipment, hence, this type almost related by special way just to people inside this fields and it has personally exposure. more importance they must know about its impact hazard informed about, then they should be having protective to avoid this dangerous type of radiation. on other side all must be caution for their health. The definition of EMR and sources of radiation are very importance for all people must know about the radiation emitted from each device and by details, in order to be obtain their protection to avoid the exposure for radiation in direct way.
Analytical estimation of relative maximum of molecular pairs distribution in shock wave
Authors: Kuznetsov M M , Kuleshova Y D , Perov A A , Smotrova L V
Published: September 2019

Results on an analytical study of the translational nonequlibrium effect in the shock wave are presented. They were formulated systematically in authors articles. The analytical models of high“velocity translational nonequlibrium in binary gas mixtures are considered. A correct analytical calculation for maximum value of molecular pairs distribution in the shock-compressed gas mixtures is given.
Mesogens Orientation on Spherical Interfaces
Authors: Vasilchikova E N , Barabanova N N , Gevorkyan E V , Zhachkin V A , Bogdanov D L , Dadivanyan A K
Published: September 2019

The method of determination of the order parameter in surface layers oriented at spherical and cylindrical interfaces from azimuthal and radial distributions of interference bands intensity observed in polarized light is proposed. Values of the order parameter for transition state of the system ‘isotropic solution – crystal’ (benzene – para-azoxyanisole) are found.
Efficiency of Aspergillus sp. 3 to reduce chromium, sulfide, ammonia, phenol, and fat from batik wastewater
Authors: Dewi R S , Kasiamdari R S , Martani E , Purwestri Y A
Published: September 2019

Batik coloring waste contains heavy metal chromium (Cr), and other components such as, Sulfide (S2-), Ammonia (NH3), phenol and oil-fat. The Batik industries are generally classified as small and medium enterprises, which usually do not process their waste. The aim of this study was to observe the ability of Aspergillus sp. 3 to reduce the concentration of Cr, sulfide, ammonia, phenol, and oil-fat component from batik wastewater. The selected fungus, Aspergillus sp. 3 was isolated from batik waste. Based on previous study, selected fungus, Aspergillus sp. 3 was able to decolorize and remediate Indigosol Blue batik wastewater. Potato dextrose broth medium was used for growing the mycelium. Reduction process was occurred with omitted of medium (formed mycelium-supplemented the batik wastewater). Based on experiments, Aspergillus sp. 3 was able to reduce 89.09%, 83.05%, 56.37%, 48.48%, 95.09%, 32.56, 39.28 and 38.15% of Cr sulfide, NH3, phenol and total oil-fat concentration, respectively. Aspergillus sp. 3 had potential application in bioremediation of water polluted by batik wastewater.
Coleus cultivars (Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd.) as potential bioindicators of chronic ozone exposure
Authors: Padri M , Umponstira C
Published: September 2019

Sensitivity of plant under ozone exposure can indicate its potency of being important bioindicator. Early studies have found that coleus plant (Solenostemon scutellarioides(L.) Codd.) has a potency to be ozone bio-indicator. This study aims to investigate the effect of chronic ozone exposure on root and leaf biomass and to quantify any change based on the plant appearance. Four different cultivars of coleus plant with different colour namely fully green (FG), green purple (GP), yellow purple (YP), and reddish (RD) had been selected. These four cultivars were fumigated with three different concentrations of ozone gas (≤ 10 ppb, 40 ppb, and 150 ppb) for 8 hours fumigation during 30-day period of experiment. All cultivars showed a stable leaf biomass after 30-day period of ozone exposure. Similarly, root biomass of all cultivars was not significant changed after fumigation period. Nonetheless, magnitude of ozone symptoms on leaf showed variation in certain cultivars. FG cultivar showed a significant number of chlorosis leaves under 40 and 150 ppb ozone exposure. The exposure of 150 ppb ozone also caused a noticeable percentage of curling leaves on RD cultivar. Moreover, the purple area in YP and GP showed a larger ratio under exposure of 150 ppb ozone. Consequently, coleus plants displayed resistance responds in terms of biomass. On the other hand, the plants also revealed variation in leaf symptom magnitudes and colour patterns under ozone exposure. However, these cultivars are potential to be bio-indicator due to their sensitivity in terms of appearance.
Isolation and anti-Escherichia coli biofilm activity of lytic bacteriophages isolated from water environment in vitro
Authors: Yulinery T , Triana E , Suharna N , Nurhidayat N
Published: September 2019

Bacterial biofilms have emerged from contamination and infection problems in the medical, industrial and in the food and beverage processing. Bacteriophages are potential as biocontrol agents against bacterial biofilms as they specifically prevent or destroy the bacterial biofilm formation. The use of bacteriophages is safe from humans and animals as they only infect specific bacteria in specific pathways and have non-toxic properties to humans and animals. The objective of this study was to isolates and to know anti-Escherichia coli biofilm activity of lytic bacteriophages from the water environment in vitro. Seven Escherichia coli bacteriophages were isolated from different water sources. These bacteriophages E. coli were analyzed to know its potential for prevention, inhibition or degradation against E. coli biofilm in vitro. Data were analyzed using Minitab response surface. The results reveal that all seven E. coli bacteriophages showed that they were potential to prevent, inhibit and degrade E. coli biofilm in vitro. However, only E. coli IV phage has the highest activity to prevent E. coli biofilm formation by 40% using filtrate dilution 103-105 incubated for 10-28 hours. The highest biofilm inhibition activity was shown by E. coli I phage at 40% using filtrate dilution 10−2 and 10−4 incubated for 48-60 hours. Meanwhile, the highest biofilm degradation activity, 100%, was achieved by E. coli III phage and E. coli IV phage using filtrate dilution 103-105 and 102-105 incubated for 10-15 hours and 10-31 hours, respectively. Further study is needed to reveal the bacteriophages identity and to optimize the number of bacteriophages particles which can be used efficiently and effectively to control E. coli biofilm.
Screening of Basidiomycetes with laccase activity for lignin degradation on POME
Authors: Subowo Y B
Published: September 2019

Laccase producing Basidiomycetes were selected to degrade lignin on Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). The selection to obtain fungal isolates which produce high activity ligninolytic enzymes has been done continuously. The objective of the research was to isolate high activity enzymes producing fungus and obtain the data on enzyme activity changes after the addition of inducer. Fruiting body of fungus were collected in surrounding area of Cibinong Sciences Centre and Bogor Botanical Garden. Twelve isolates were obtained and all of the isolates could grow on Poly R-478. Isolate Mycena sp J24 produced the highest laccase activity. The fungus was able to decolorize Poly R-478 as much as 89.73% in 21 days incubation. The addition of CuSO4 increased decolorization rate as much as 2.32%. Mycena sp J24 reduced 33.82% of POME color in fifteen days incubation. The addition of CuSO4 increased POME decolorization as much as 72.11%. This fungus could also reduce COD level on POME as much as 33.14% in fifteen days incubation. The addition of veratryl alcohol increased the reduction of COD level as much as 55.15%. Mycena sp J24 produced the highest amount of laccase and could be applied on POME degradation as well.
Biodegradation of BTEX by indigenous microorganisms isolated from UCG project area, South Sumatra
Authors: Handayani S , Safitri R , Surono W , Astika H , Damayanti R , Agung M , Rukiah
Published: September 2019

Recently Indonesia is conducting Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) project in South Sumatra for power generation.The potential of negative impacts from UCG on groundwater and the broader environment can not be ignored since past similar projects were often confronted with pollution isues of BTEX and PAHs due to condensation of tar-loaded gas. This study focuses on finding indigenous microorganisms capable of BTEX degradation and evaluate their biodegradability. Several microorganisms were successfully isolated and screened. Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus cereus were chosen for this bioremediation study since the bacteria were predominant and highly viable on the screening test. The BTEX degradation has been studied in single component using single and mixed bacterial cultures in the concentration range of 250-500 ppm. The experimental results show that biodegradation of BTEX by P. putida ranged from 61.4-70.2% and by B.cereus ranging 63.9-74.7 % at initial BTEX concentration of 500 ppm.Meanwhile, consortium of both isolates has the highest percentage of BTEX biodegradation (67.8-79,8%) during 14 days of retention time.The findings reveal that indigenous bacteria of P. putida dan B. cereus exhibit the potential to be used for decontamination of BTEX as an anticipated mitigation for potential pollution coming from the UCG project.
Accumulation of copper metal (Cu) on the plant Ipomoea carnea, Jacq in around the Limboto lake
Authors: Kandowangko N Y , Lamondo D , Kiroyan S
Published: September 2019

Limboto Lake is one of the main lakes in the north part of Sulawesi island, Indonesia. This lake is categorized as a tectonic lake, which currently undergoing a serious degradation, due to many residences built in the area. Thus, the depth of the lake is quickly shrinking. A large quantity of poisonous kale (Ipomoea carneaL) grows in the around of the lake. This study aims at finding out the accumulation of copper (Cu) in the poisonous kale that grows in the around of the Limboto Lake. This study is a descriptive quantitative study using survey method with purposive sampling method in three observation sites, the estuary of theAlopohuriver, the estuary of theBiyongariver, and the estuary of theTalubongoriver. The variable being measured in this study is the level of Cu in the root, stem, and leaves, as well as the rhizosphere of the poisonous kale. The calculation of the Cu is carried out throughAtomic Absorption Spectrophotometry(AAS). This research shows that the range of Cu accumulation in the root is (3.61-36.00 mg/L), stem (0-15.00 mg/L), leaves (0-42.94 mg/L) and in the rhizosphere of the plant is (0.12-26.00 mg/L). The poisonous kale plant can be utilized as the Cu accumulator.
Phytocemical compounds of different species of Alstonia sp. from Palembang- South Sumatera
Authors: Zuraida
Published: September 2019

Alstonia sp is one of Indonesia tropical forest plant widely used for various benefits such as wood used for furniture, blackboards, wooden sandals, while barks and leaves used for traditional medicine for various diseases. Phytochemical content is influenced by various factors including species, age, and geographical location. This study aimed to identify phytochemical compounds of Alstonia sp. from various species, namely Alstonia scholaris, Alstonia pneumatophora, and Alstonia angustiloba from Palembang South Sumatera. Phytochemical analyzed flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, and triterpenoids qualitatively. The result showed that all Alstonia sp. contained flavonoid and steroid compounds. Alkaloids and tannins were only detected in Alstonia Scholaris. Saponins were detected in Alstonia scholaris and Alstonia pneumatophora. Phytochemical content in Alstonia indicated that they had potency to be utilized as a source of medicinal plants. Alstonia sp. with the same genus but different species had different phytochemical content.
Biomass estimation model for small diameter Auri tree (Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth.)
Authors: Siarudin M , Indrajaya Y
Published: September 2019

Auri (Acacia auriculiformisA. Cunn. ex Benth.) is one of pioneer tree species developed in forest and land rehabilitation. This species can be used as a short-rotation plantation forest for biomass energy source that produces small diameter stem. The potential use of small diameter auri needs to be supported by accurate biomass estimation. This study aims at developing biomass estimation model for young, small diameter auri tree and comparing the local model to generic model. Measurements were carried out on 92 samples of 2-years old auri tree planted with stand densities of 1850-2500 trees/ha. Data was analysed using 8 local models and compared to 5 generic models. Result of the study shows that the best model for estimating small diameter auri biomass isB1 model (B= 0.016(D20)2.78). The comparison of local and generic models suggested that the local model is better in predicting the auri biomass. This model is valid for small diameter auri species in West Nusa Tenggara Province. This model also seems reliable to apply in similar climatic region, but need a local data validation.
Effect of hydrolysis time and acid concentration on bioethanol production of microalga Scenedesmus sp.
Authors: Agustini N W S , Hidhayati N , Wibisono S A
Published: September 2019

Scenedesmussp. has tremendous potential to produce bioethanol due to its high content of carbohydrate, approximately 10-52%. This study aimed to investigate the effect of hydrolysis time and acid concentration on ethanol production fermented bySaccharomyces cerevisiae. The analysis included in this research were cell density calculation, pH level, carbohydrate content, reducing sugar content, and ethanol content tested by Gas Chromatography. Biomass ofScenedesmussp. was hydrolyzed using 1%, 2%, and 3% sulfuric acid for 75 minutes and 105 minutes. The hydrolysate was adjusted its pH to 4-5 using NaOH 50% then it was added with nutrients. The fermentation process was carried out for 5 days and samples were collected every day. The results showed that the highest ethanol content was 1.1 % and achieved on the 1st day of fermentation with 75 minutes of hydrolysis process using 3% sulfuric acid. It was followed by a 105 minutes hydrolysis process using 3% sulfuric acid which yielded a value of 1.095% on the 2nd day of fermentation. Optimization of the hydrolysis and fermentation process are needed for a further study to obtain high ethanol content.
Production and characterization of cellulase from the newly isolated Bacillus subtilis A8 on rice bran and corncob
Authors: Soeka Y S , Sulistiani
Published: September 2019

Rice bran and corncob are the agricultural waste with the high cellulose content. The research was carried out to utilize rice bran and corncob as media/substrate to produce cellulase enzyme by means of the bacteria fermentation process. Bacteria that used to the fermentation process isolated from the shrimp paste origin Bonang, Samarinda, East Kalimantan. Bacteria identified molecularly based on 16S rDNA sequence. The results of identification showed the bacteria is Bacillus subtilis A8. In the research showed the cellulase enzyme activity of B. subtilis A8 on the rice bran media have optimum of incubation time 3 days at pH 6.0 and temperature 60°C, activated by Na+, Co+2, Cu+2, Mg+2, and Zn+2 ions and the protein content 0.13 μg/mL. The cellulase enzyme activity of B. subtilis A8 on the corncob media have optimum of incubation time 3 days at pH 7.0 and temperature 50°C and activated by Na+ and Co+2, whereas Cu+2, Mg+2, and Zn+2 are inhibitor and the protein content 0.04 μg/mL.
Isolation and screening of actinomycetes producing cellulase and xylanase from Mamasa soil, West Sulawesi
Authors: Putri A L , Setiawan R
Published: September 2019

Actinomycetes are Gram-positive bacteria with high G+C content that important for nutrient recycling of natural substrates and degradation of soil organic material. Actinomycetes can secrete enzymes to degrade organic material such as lignocellulose. Some enzymes produced by actinomycetes for degradation of lignocellulose including cellulase and xylanase. The aim of this study was to isolate actinomycetes from soil originated from Mamasa, West Sulawesi, Indonesia, and screen their cellulase and xylanase activity. A total of 57 isolates of actinomycetes have been isolated using SDS-YE method. Those isolates were screened for their cellulase and xylanase activity. The abilities of actinomycetes to degrade cellulose and xylan were observed by clear zone on CMC agar medium and xylan agar medium. Out of 57 isolates, 17 isolates produced cellulase; five isolates produced xylanase and three isolates produced both cellulase and xylanase. After the identification of potential isolates, the cellulolytic actinomycetes were identified belong to 6 genera (Asanoa, Dactylosporangium, Kitasatospora, Nonomurae, Streptomyces, and Streptosporangium). Meanwhile, the xylanolytic actinomycetes were identified belong to 3 genera (Asanoa, Kribella, and Streptomyces). The result showed that the ability of actinomycetes to produce cellulase and xylanase were very low. Therefore isolation of actinomycetes from the specific substrate is necessary to be conducted.
Effectiveness of eco-absorbent modified chitosan membrane from Pila ampullacea as urban water filter to provide healthy sanitary water in Kediri
Authors: Ramadani A H , Ningrum R S
Published: September 2019

Kediri is well known as a city of cigarette, sugar refinery, and tofu industries. This condition has an impact on high waste disposal to the environment such as rivers. One of the cases in Dermo village Kediri, where the river water turned black and well water turn yellow, high turbidity and smelly when the factory worked. The solution to provide a healthy sanitary water is the use of membrane for filtering the water. Chitosan from Pila ampullacea shell, PVA and PEG were mixed to make a membrane. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of chitosan membranes as polluted well water filters. Twelve samples of water collected from the wells at a distance in range 10 meters from the river aseptically. Then the water was filtered using the membrane that varies 1, 2, 3, 4 mm thickness. This research compared the water quality before and after filtered by membrane. Temperature, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), pH, Dissolved oxygen, Dissolved CO2 and bacterial presence parameters were measured. The result show that chitosan membrane with 4 mm thickness had the most effective membrane to filter and provide the best water quality.
Isolation of Iindigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to support revegetation on the nickel post-mining land
Authors: Prayudyaningsih R , Sari R , Mangopang A D
Published: September 2019

The revegetation on the nickel post-mining area requires symbiotic associations with mycorrhizal fungi to support the plant growth because it faces major obstacles of harsh soil condition. The study was conducted to identify the AMF status on the nickel post-mining land and its association with pioneer plant roots. Soil and root sampling werewas collected on 4 type areas of nickel post-mining land i.e TR (top soil + revegetation), TNR (top soil + no revegetation), NTR (no top soil + revegetation) and NTNR (no top soil + no revegetation) to determine spore density, soil chemical properties and AMF colonization. The results showed that the nickel mining activities interfere in soil fertility and soil microbial population. It was denoted by lack available nutrient and low AMF diversity. Population of AMF only 7 – 83 spore per gram soil. Glomus or Acaulospora is dominating genus in each area. However, AMF occurrence is a vital to help the pioneer plants growth. It was proven by 163 species of pioneer plants that colonize nickel post-mining land associated with the AMF in their root system. Grass species have highest AMF colonization level. Therefore, inoculation of AMF indigenous isolate is needed as an intervention ion post-mining reclamation effort, so the possibility of symbiosis between plant roots and AMF becomes increasing. Eventually the development of natural plants will be accelerated to catalytic the natural succession process.
Natural growing site and cultivation of Pongamia (Pongamia Pinnata (L.) Pierre) as a source of biodiesel raw materials
Authors: Aminah A , Syamsuwida D
Published: September 2019

Pongamia (Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre) is one of biodiesel source raw material plants. Natural site conditions and an appropriate planting technique of this species are necessary to be investigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of natural growing site and the cultivation of pongamia through the plantation of seedlings based on provenances. The seedlings were originated from 5 different populations of Java Island. Soil was sampled at each location to determine the rate of soil fertility in natural habitat compared to soil sample at cultivation site. The plantation was carried out in Parungpanjang Research Forest with spacing of 3 m x 3 m. Characteristics of growth observed up to 6 months old were total height, stem base diameter, seedling survival percentage and leaf number. The results showed that pongamia in Java grows in less fertile natural habitats. The initial growth of pongamia provenance test in Parungpanjang showed that seedlings from Carita had the best growth of height (83.75 cm) and diameter (0.85 cm). Pongamia was able to adapt to the environmental conditions which are different from its natural conditions, indicated by the high percentage of survival i.e ranging from 88% (Kebumen) to 100% (Batukaras).
The Effect of Sieve Mesh Size for Trema(Trema orientalis Linn. Blume) Seed Selection to Its Seed Viability and Seedling Growth
Authors: Yuniarti N , Nurhasybi
Published: September 2019

Trema (Trema orientalis Linn. Blume) is a potential multipurpose tree species belongs to Cannabaceae, that can be used for producing biomass energy, light construction, charcoal and herbal medicine. In relation to the seed procurement, the objective of this research is to find out the effect of sieve mesh size for seed selection of trema to seed viability and seedling growth. The research design used completely random design with treatments of (1) control (without using sieve mesh), (2) 1.18 mm in size of sieve mesh, (3) and 1.70 mm in size of sieve mesh. Every treatment contains 4 replications. The observed parameters were of Germination Percentage (GP), Germination Rate (GR), seedling height and seedling diameter. The results of this research indicated : (1) the sieve mesh size has been significantly influence the GP, GR, seedling height and seedling diameter, (2)1.70 mm in size of sieve mesh was the best method for seed selection of trema, with the average of 83% in GP, 4.2391 %/etmal in SG, 13.6 cm for seedling height and 2.1 mm in seedling diameter.
Role of watering interval and media composition on the growth of exotic fast growing species on coal mining soil
Authors: Agus C , Anggari P E , Faridah E , Wulandari D , Suginingsih  , Ratnaningrum Y W N , Winarni W W , Lestari T , Sunaryo Y , Pertiwiningrum A , Napitupulu R P , Primananda E
Published: September 2019

Open mining of non-renewable energy from coal in tropical regions causes land degradation, temperature stress, water stress, high acidity, aluminum toxicity, and other poor soil characteristics. Kranji (Pongamia pinnata)) is an exotic fast-growing species whose tolerance to drought conditions and marginal soils are potential for the revegetation of degraded areas. This research aimed to analyze the effect of coal mining media, watering interval, and their interaction on the growth of kranji seedlings. This research was conducted in October 2015 with a 4-months observations period. The research used a completely randomized factorial design comprising soil media and watering interval. Three soil media treatments comprising secondary forest soil, disposal, and overburden in coal mining media were performed in PT Berau Coal, Berau, East Kalimantan. The watering interval was every 3 and 7 days. Organic pot made from leaf litter was used as basic treatment in this research, and kranji seedlings were obtained from Banyuwangi Protected Forest. The total chlorophyll, height, diameter, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and top/root ratio parameters were measured. Soil media and watering interval significantly affected the height, shoot dry weight, and top/root ratio of kranji seedlings. The interaction between watering interval and soil media was not significant for all parameters. P. pinnata was tolerance to drought and poor nutrient of post-coal mining soil. Exotic fast-growing species of P. pinnata is suitable for the rehabilitation of post-coal mining land in tropical regions.
Application of glyocompost for propagation of Anthurium clones
Authors: Kurniati R , Febryanti E
Published: September 2019

Reduction of chemical application for disease control is important to reduce environmental pollution. An environmental friendly alternative was used Glyocompost. Glyocompost is medium with double functions, there were fungicide and fertilizer. The objectives of the study was to find out best composition of glyocompost and bamboo moss in media for propagation anthurium clones. Anthurium clone “CC” was clone from breeding programme as materials. CC was crossing of Anthurium cv. Cromosum x Anthurium cv. Castano. The composition of media were 1: 18, 1:19, 1: 20 and 1:21 as treatment to apply in CC clones. The parameter observation were plant height, total number of leaves, leaves length, leaves width and total number of shoots. The best composition of glyocompost was obtained 1:19 (glyocompost : bamboo) for leaves width and leaves length. The best of total number of shoots were obtained by composition media 1: 18. While, all treatments were not significantly different for leaves length and total number of leaves. Glyocompost was also accelerated blooming in anthurium clones.
Population genetic structure and diversity of a critically endangared Ramin [Gonystylus bancanus Miq.(Kurz), Thymelaeaceae] from Kalimantan and Sumatra based on Sequence Random Amplified Polymorphism
Authors: Yulita K S , Rahmat H H
Published: September 2019

Gonystylus bancanus (Miq.) Kurz (Thymelaceae) or ramin is an important species producing valuable timber. The existence of this species has now under severe threat due to illegal logging and habitat conversion. Ramin is found only on peat swamp forests, scatteredly distributed in Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo. Genetic diversity of ramin in the Malesian region has been studied previously for Sumatran populations as well as East and West of Malaysian populations. This present study aimed to determine the genetic diversity and population structures of ramin from Sumatra and Kalimantan using Sequence Random Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP). Five combinations of SRAP primers used to amplify seventy seven samples of ramin from eight populations. Eighty-three putative loci of SRAP were scored and analysed using Popgene and MVSP software. Among eight populations studied, NPL were ranged between 14 – 68 with PPL varied at 16.87 – 81.93%. Number of observed alleles and effective allele numbers were ranged between 1.17 – 1.76 and 1.13 – 1.36 respectively. The lowest gene diversity was accounted for population 2 (He = 0.08) while the highest gene diversity was population 7 and 8 (He = 0.22). The Sumatran and Kalimantan populations were genetically structured at medium level (Gst = 0.25). The pairwise genetic distance among Sumatran and Kalimantan population was considered low (0.04-0.07), and is between Sumatran populations (0.01 – 0.17). The results from this study can be used as an essential information to design conservation strategy for ramin in Indonesia.
An assemblages of fungal endophytes isolated from medicinal plants collected from Toba and Samosir, North Sumatra
Authors: Ilyas M , Praptiwi  , Wulansari D , Fathoni A , Agusta A
Published: September 2019

Endophytic fungi are a group of microorganisms that grow in plant tissue without causing symptoms of disease in host plants. Fungal endophytes have a great diversity and potential as an agent of bioactive compound and metabolites that are important in the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and environment. In this study isolation and identification of fungal endophytes inhabiting an assemblages of medicinal plants collected from Toba and Samosir Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia were carried out. Fungal endophytes were isolated using surface sterilization methods with slightly modification and totally 88 selected endophytic fungal strains were isolated from roots, stems, barks, leaves, and fruits of 12 species of medicinal plants. The fungal strains identification through morphological observation showed that selected fungal endophytes were associated with host plant belonging to the taxa Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Lasiodiplodia, Neopestalotiopsis, Phoma, Phomopsis, Phyllosticta, Schizophyllum, Trichoderma, and Xylaria. In this study endophytic Phomopsis dominating the obtained strains where 30% (27/88) strains of them were isolated from 8 species of medicinal host plants. Preliminary exploration of fungal endophytes through isolation and identification was the first step in order to discover the potential strains were able to produce promising metabolites and bioactive materials. The results of the study are expected to be initial microbial resources and information for screening and utilization of endophytic fungi through bioprospecting.
Phytoplankton characteristics in Lake Matano, Indonesia
Authors: Sulawesty F
Published: September 2019

Lake Matano is one of the oligotrophic lake in Indonesia that has unique phytoplankton characteristic. This study was aimed to find out the composition and abundance of phytoplankton at Lake Matano. Observations were conducted in 2015 (April and August) and 2016 (May and August). A total 10-20 L of water samples were collected from eight locations in the Lake Matano. Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity and turbidity were measured to determine the water quality. Phytoplankton abundance was calculated using the Sedgewick Rafter method. Phytoplankton community structure was analysed by Diversity Index (H’), Evenness Index (E) and Simpson Dominance Index (D). A total five phyla and 80 species of phytoplankton were found in Lake Matano, comprised of Chlorophyta (26 species), Dinophyta (2 species), Bacillariophyta (43 species), Chrysophyta (1 species) and Cyanophyta (8 species). The abundance of phytoplankton ranged between 0.36 × 102 – 1.281 × 104 individual/L. Peridinium inconspicuum and P.cinctum (Dinophyta) was found highest in abundance in April and August 2015 (96.38% of the abundance). Low to moderate community (H’=0.122 to 3.454) and low uniformity (E = 0.065 to 0.556) among species in phytoplankton community was found in Lake Matano. Dominance species (D = 0.216 to 0.967) occurred in several locations at Lake Matano. CCA ordination shows that the presence of all phytoplankton groups is strongly influenced by turbidity of which the lower turbidity value causes the higher phytoplankton abundance.
Population Structure, Growth and Production of Corbicula moltkiana and Their Relation to Cage Aquaculture Activity in Lake Maninjau, West Sumatra Indonesia
Authors: Lukman L , Setyobudiandi I , Muchsin I , Hariyadi S
Published: September 2019

Cage aquaculture that has been growing enormously in Lake Maninjau, West Sumatera, Indonesia, is supposed to have an impact on benthic fauna including Corbicula moltkiana, the species of bivalves. The objective of this study addresses the population structure, growth and production of C. moltkiana that describing the impact potential of cage aquaculture activity. The result show that annual 2013-2014 production [P] of C. moltkiana were 465-1559 g AFDM m−2 y−1 and the annual biomass [B] was 183-453 g AFDM m−2, resulting in P/B ratio of 2.54-3.44 y−1. Even though the P/B ratio was not consistent with the cage density level, as consequently of different L∞ in determined zones. The increased cage aquaculture activity that marked by adding number of cage from <225 cages km−1 to > 675 cages km−1 impact to decrease of biomass [B] and production [P] of C. molktiana.
Variation of Ammonium Persulfate Concentration Determines Particle Morphology and Electrical Conductivity in HCl Doped Polyaniline
Authors: Reza Muhammad , Srikandi Nona , Amalina Auliya Nur , Benu Didi Prasetyo , Steky Fry Voni , Rochliadi Achmad , Suendo Veinardi
Published: September 2019

Polyaniline (PANI) is one of conducting polymers which is widely used in various applications especially energy field, like solar cells and batteries. PANI emeraldine salt (PANI ES) is the only type of conducting PANI which can be easily synthesized using a direct mixing method in an oxidizing solution. Ammonium persulfate (APS) is one example of a strong oxidizing agent which is often used in PANI synthesis. The APS concentrations used in this study ranged from 0.1 to 1 M. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy shows that the addition of APS concentrations above 0.5 M produces the non-conducting fully oxidized PANI and phenazine species. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed morphological changes of PANI ES from nanofiber (diameter 80 - 110 nm) to granules (diameter 20 - 70 nm) as APS concentration increases. Based on Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), conductivity of PANI increases as APS concentration increases with maximum conductivity of 0.36 S cm−1 at 0.5 M.
Tin-Empty Palm Bunch Ash Impregnated Zeolite as Suitable Catalyst for Simultaneous Transesterification-Esterification Reaction of Palm Oil
Authors: Usman Thamrin , Rudiyansyah  , Wahyuni Nelly , Astar Ismail , Yustira Yudi , Alimuddin Andi Hairil , Rahmalia Winda
Published: September 2019

A single-step method was developed for methyl ester production from palm oil using tin-empty palm bunch ash impregnated zeolite (Sn-PBA-Zeolite) as heterogeneous catalyst. The weight ratios between Sn solution and zeolite 1:4, while the weight of the PBA was varied from 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 g in 60 mL of distilled water. Effects of reaction time, molar ratio of reactants, and catalyst concentration on the yield of methyl ester were studied. Characteristics of methyl ester produced were also investigated. The optimal conditions for transesterification reaction carried out by using a Sn-PBA-Zeolite of 1:4:25 weight ratio were a palm oil/methanol molar ratio 1:6, catalyst concentration (3% wt/wt), and 3 hours reaction time, whereas the maximum yield of methyl ester reached 76.21% wt/wt. The optimal conditions for esterification reaction carried out by using a Sn-PBA-Zeolite of 1:4:5 weight ratio were a palm oil/methanol molar ratio 1:12, catalyst concentration (3% wt/wt), and 3 hours reaction time, and the maximum yield of methyl ester reached 94.76% wt/wt. The methyl ester resulted has a density of 0.89 g/mL, viscosity of 7.82 cSt, and dominated by a methyl oleate, methyl palmitate, and methyl stearate.
Vinculin anchors contractile actin to the cardiomyocyte adherens junction
Authors: Merkel Chelsea D. , Li Yang , Raza Qanber , Stolz Donna B. , Kwiatkowski Adam V.
Published: September 2019

The adherens junction (AJ) couples the actin cytoskeletons of neighboring cells to allow mechanical integration and tissue organization. The physiological demands of intercellular adhesion require that the AJ be responsive to dynamic changes in force while maintaining mechanical load. These demands are tested in the heart, where cardiomyocyte AJs must withstand repeated cycles of actomyosin-mediated contractile force. Here we show that force-responsive cardiomyocyte AJs recruit actin-binding ligands to selectively couple actin networks. We employed a panel of N-cadherin-αE-catenin fusion proteins to rebuild AJs with specific actin linkages in N-cadherin-null cardiomyocytes. In this system, vinculin recruitment was required to rescue myofibril integration at nascent contacts. In contrast, loss of vinculin from the AJ disrupted junction morphology and blocked myofibril integration at cell–cell contacts. Our results identify vinculin as a critical link to contractile actomyosin and offer insight to how actin integration at the AJ is regulated to provide stability under mechanical load.
What’s the target: understanding two decades of in silico microRNA-target prediction
Authors: Kern Fabian , Backes Christina , Hirsch Pascal , Fehlmann Tobias , Hart Martin , Meese Eckart , Keller Andreas
Published: September 2019

Motivation

Since the initial discovery of microRNAs as post-transcriptional, regulatory key players in the 1990s, a total number of $2656$ mature microRNAs have been publicly described for Homo sapiens. As discovery of new miRNAs is still on-going, target identification remains to be an essential and challenging step preceding functional annotation analysis. One key challenge for researchers seems to be the selection of the most appropriate tool out of the larger multiverse of published solutions for a given research study set-up.

Results

In this review we collectively describe the field of in silico target prediction in the course of time and point out long withstanding principles as well as recent developments. By compiling a catalog of characteristics about the 98 prediction methods and identifying common and exclusive traits, we signpost a simplified mechanism to address the problem of application selection. Going further we devised interpretation strategies for common types of output as generated by frequently used computational methods. To this end, our work specifically aims to make prospective users aware of common mistakes and practical questions that arise during the application of target prediction tools.

Availability

An interactive implementation of our recommendations including materials shown in the manuscript is freely available at https://www.ccb.uni-saarland.de/mtguide.
Sequentially additive nonignorable missing data modelling using auxiliary marginal information
Authors: Sadinle Mauricio , Reiter Jerome P
Published: September 2019

We study a class of missingness mechanisms, referred to as sequentially additive nonignorable, for modelling multivariate data with item nonresponse. These mechanisms explicitly allow the probability of nonresponse for each variable to depend on the value of that variable, thereby representing nonignorable missingness mechanisms. These missing data models are identified by making use of auxiliary information on marginal distributions, such as marginal probabilities for multivariate categorical variables or moments for numeric variables. We prove identification results and illustrate the use of these mechanisms in an application.
Determination of 12 Carbamate Insecticides in Typical Vegetables and Fruits by Rapid Multi-Plug Filtration Cleanup and Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry Detection
Authors: Ma Lili , Zhao Liuwei , Wang Jiaqi , Pan Canping , Liu Cong , Wang Yu , Ding Qi , Feng Yuechao , Zhou Huijuan , Jia Li
Published: September 2019

A multiresidue method for determining 12 carbamate pesticides in purple cabbage, orange, watermelon, cucumber, cowpea and Lactuca sativa L. employing multi-plug filtration cleanup (m-PFC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed. M-PFC was carried out by cleanup at dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE), one m-PFC tip-filtration, two m-PFC tip-filtration and other methods (1–3 m-PFC cleanups). Results demonstrated that filtration simplified the cleanup method compared with d-SPE and other m-PFC methods (1–3 m-PFC cleanups). The method validation results showed that the method was linear, selective and accurate. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.05–5.0 μg/kg, and the recoveries were in the range of 70.1–119.9% in different matrices. Although matrix effects were observed, they were successfully compensated using matrix-matched calibration. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to detect pesticides in real samples.
A Multicenter Cost-of-Illness and Long-term Socioeconomic Follow-up Study in the Severe Typhoid Fever in Africa Program: Study Protocol
Authors: Ramani Enusa , Park Seeun , Toy Trevor , Panzner Ursula , Mogeni Ondari D , Im Justin , Cruz Espinoza Ligia Maria , Jeon Hyon Jin , Pak Gi Deok , Seo Hyeongwon , Chon Yun , Rakotozandrindrainy Raphaël , Owusu-Dabo Ellis , Osei Isaac , Soura Abdramane Bassiahi , Teferi Mekonnen , Marks Florian , Mogasale Vittal
Published: September 2019

Background

There are limited data on typhoid fever cost of illness (COI) and economic impact from Africa. Health economic data are essential for measuring the cost-effectiveness of vaccination or other disease control interventions. Here, we describe the protocol and methods for conducting the health economic studies under the Severe Typhoid Fever in Africa (SETA) program.

Methods

The SETA health economic studies will rely on the platform for SETA typhoid surveillance in 4 African countries—Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, and Madagascar. A COI and long-term socioeconomic study (LT-SES) will be its components. The COI will be assessed among blood culture–positive typhoid fever cases, blood culture–negative clinically suspected cases (clinical cases), and typhoid fever cases with pathognomonic gastrointestinal perforations (special cases). Repeated surveys using pretested questionnaires will be used to measure out-of-pocket expenses, quality of life, and the long-term socioeconomic impact. The cost of resources consumed for diagnosis and treatment will be collected at health facilities.

Results

Results from these studies will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences to make the data available to the wider health economics and public health research communities.

Conclusions

The health economic data will be analyzed to estimate the average cost per case, the quality of life at different stages of illness, financial stress due to illness, and the burden on the family due to caregiving during illness. The data generated are expected to be used in economic analysis and policy making on typhoid control interventions in sub-Saharan Africa.
Acute Febrile Illness Among Children in Butajira, South–Central Ethiopia During the Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program
Authors: Teferi Mekonnen , Desta Mulualem , Yeshitela Biruk , Beyene Tigist , Cruz Espinoza Ligia Maria , Im Justin , Jeon Hyon Jin , Kim Jong-Hoon , Konings Frank , Kwon Soo Young , Pak Gi Deok , Park Jin Kyung , Park Se Eun , Yedenekachew Melaku , Kim Jerome , Baker Stephen , Sir Won Seok , Marks Florian , Aseffa Abraham , Panzner Ursula
Published: September 2019

Background

Clearly differentiating causes of fever is challenging where diagnostic capacities are limited, resulting in poor patient management. We investigated acute febrile illness in children aged ≤15 years enrolled at healthcare facilities in Butajira, Ethiopia, during January 2012 to January 2014 for the Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program.

Methods

Blood culture, malaria microscopy, and blood analyses followed by microbiological, biochemical, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolates were performed. We applied a retrospectively developed scheme to classify children as malaria or acute respiratory, gastrointestinal or urinary tract infection, or other febrile infections and syndromes. Incidence rates per 100 000 population derived from the classification scheme and multivariate logistic regression to determine fever predictors were performed.

Results

We rarely observed stunting (4/513, 0.8%), underweight (1/513, 0.2%), wasting (1/513, 0.2%), and hospitalization (21/513, 4.1%) among 513 children with mild transient fever and a mean disease severity score of 12 (95% confidence interval [CI], 11–13). Blood cultures yielded 1.6% (8/513) growth of pathogenic agents; microscopy detected 13.5% (69/513) malaria with 20 611/µL blood (95% CI, 15 352–25 870) mean parasite density. Incidences were generally higher in children aged ≤5 years than >5 to ≤15 years; annual incidences in young children were 301.3 (95% CI, 269.2–337.2) for malaria and 1860.1 (95% CI, 1778.0–1946.0) for acute respiratory and 379.9 (95% CI, 343.6–420.0) for gastrointestinal tract infections.

Conclusions

We could not detect the etiological agents in all febrile children. Our findings may prompt further investigations and the reconsideration of policies and frameworks for the management of acute febrile illness.