bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the relationship between knowledge management and green innovation: a systematic literature review
Authors: Kassa Erstu Tarko , Ning Jing , Mengmeng Xu
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Managing knowledge is relevant for the innovativeness of an organization. The innovation of the organization currently aligns with the environment and applies green innovation concepts. Knowledge management (KM) is a key to fostering green innovation and to saving the environment from unnecessary pollution. In line with this, this study aims to evaluate the relationship between KM and green innovation in the literature from 2000 to 2023 synthesize and suggest future directions.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis technique to identify eligible articles. The papers were identified from the Web of Science core collection and ScienceDirect databases. The results were presented using tables, graphs and the co-occurrence of citations was analyzed using VOSviewer software.

Findings

From the review, the authors were assured that there is a strong relationship between KM practices and green innovation in different organizations. Some papers were supported by different theories. From the total of 48 papers, 16 have not mentioned the theories applied in their studies. The geographical distribution of the papers is asymmetrical. Asian and European scholars published more papers. The papers distribution across publishers also varies. For instance, Elsevier and Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. published 29 papers and the remaining papers were published in BMC, Springer, Frontiers Media Sa, IEEE-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc., MDPI, Routledge Journals and Taylor & Francis Ltd. Major themes were identified and future research directions were forwarded.

Research limitations/implications

The limitation of this review is the authors generated the papers from two databases (WoS and ScienceDirect). This paper does not consider other databases (Scopus, dimensions, etc.) papers. This can be considered as a limitation of this review.

Originality/value

The review is original by integrating PARISMA and bibliometric analysis method (VOS Viewer). The paper tried to explore the role of KM on green innovation.
Performance and behaviour of climbing ropes: a comprehensive review
Authors: Neha Kumari , Mukhopadhyay Arunangshu , Sikka Monica Puri
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Climbing ropes are made to withstand severe stresses and absorb energy during fall, reducing the impact force on the climber and their equipment. Natural fibres like hemp and sisal have been mostly substituted by synthetic fibres like nylon, polyester and aramid fibres, which provide greater strength, durability and flexibility. The performance of climbing ropes can deteriorate due to moisture exposure, UV radiation and abrasion during outdoor activities.

Design/methodology/approach

This review examines the transition from natural to synthetic fibres and advances in material and construction techniques. The analysis also examines how construction methods, ranging from traditionally laid ropes to current braided kernmantle designs, affect rope strength, elasticity and handling qualities. Furthermore, the paper analyses how the fibres influence the rope’s behaviour under various conditions, such as dynamic loading, wear and tear, fatigue and exposure to environmental variables such as moisture, temperature and UV light.

Findings

Ropes should have lower peak forces and greater dynamic elongations, resulting in decreased maximum accelerations, increased energy absorption, reduced jerk and lower forces on safety components during fall arrest. It gives recommendations for future research areas to optimize climbing rope design.

Originality/value

The systematic literature review in this study is focused on the performance of climbing ropes, including the raw materials and construction, as well as the impact of weathering and service conditions.
Patient–provider interactions about cannabis for therapeutic purposes vary as a function of provider type: A pilot study
Authors: Achar Jivan , Budney Alan J. , Struble Cara A.
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives

Limited evidence guides the efficacy and safety of cannabis for therapeutic purposes (CTP). Healthcare providers lack requisite knowledge to advise and support patients. This study aimed to describe and compare several aspects of initial CTP interactions across different provider types.

Methods

Adult cannabis consumers (N = 507) from the United States completed an anonymous online survey about their initial CTP interaction with their healthcare provider. Providers were categorized into four groups (Mental Health [MH], Family Medicine [FM], Medical Clinics [MC], and Other Specialty [OS]). Analyses compared several aspects of the interaction (e.g., risk mitigation, recommendations, satisfaction/confidence) across groups.

Results

Less than half of the sample reported discussion of cannabis risks (44.0%) or follow‐ups at subsequent visits (46.7%). Recommendations (where to obtain, consumption method, dose, frequency, and authorization) were uncommon (9.7%–25.2%). While the MH group reported the highest rates of risk mitigation behaviors, regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and cannabis characteristics were largely nonsignificant. For recommendations, the MC group was more likely than the MH group to report receiving all recommendations (p < .05). Younger age and greater cannabis‐related problems increased likelihood of risk mitigation and recommendations.

Discussion and Conclusions

CTP interactions focused on risk but generally lacked comprehensive recommendations that could potentially promote safe use. Data from provider perspectives could support the need for CTP guidelines and develop training for healthcare providers to promote safe CTP practices.

Scientific Significance

For the first time, this study explored several aspects of CTP interactions and compared experiences across a variety of providers.
Associations between term cesarean delivery in the first pregnancy and second‐pregnancy preterm delivery
Authors: Einum Anders , Harmon Quaker E. , Sørbye Linn Marie , Nilsen Roy Miodini , Morken Nils‐Halvdan
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Cesarean delivery has been shown to increase the risk of preterm delivery in future pregnancies. The association could be a direct result of the procedure, or because the indications that led to the cesarean delivery also increase the risk of preterm delivery in later pregnancies.

Material and Methods

298 901 mothers with first and second singleton deliveries from 1999 to 2020 were investigated using data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway linked with Statistics Norway. The mothers were categorized by mode of cesarean delivery (total, emergency and planned) and vaginal delivery at term in the first pregnancy. We used log‐binomial regression models to estimate relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of iatrogenic and spontaneous preterm delivery <37 gestational weeks in the second pregnancy. Second, we explored the role of recurrent placental disease in preterm delivery by comparing estimates in mothers with placental disease in neither or both pregnancies.

Results

8243 mothers (2.8%) had a preterm delivery in the second pregnancy. The adjusted relative risk (aRR) of preterm delivery was 1.24 (95% CI 1.17–1.32) after cesarean compared with vaginal delivery in the first pregnancy. The association was stronger in previous planned compared with emergency cesarean delivery (aRR 1.52, 95% CI 1.30–1.77 and aRR 1.21, 95% CI 1.14–1.29, respectively). Spontaneous preterm delivery was not associated with the previous mode of delivery; the risk was confined to iatrogenic preterm delivery after both emergency and planned cesarean delivery (aRR 1.69, 95% CI 1.52–1.87 and aRR 2.65, 95% CI 2.12–3.30, respectively). Mothers with placental disease in both pregnancies had a sixfold increased risk of preterm delivery in the second pregnancy compared with mothers with no placental disease, however, the association between mode of delivery and subsequent preterm delivery was similar in mothers with and without placental disease in the pregnancies.

Conclusions

Compared with vaginal term delivery in the first pregnancy, cesarean delivery increases the risk of iatrogenic, but not spontaneous preterm delivery in the next pregnancy. Although strongly associated with preterm delivery, placental disease had limited influence on the estimates.
Evaluation of moderate periorbital cellulitis and home‐based therapy in children (EPOCH study, Part 2): A prospective single centre cohort study
Authors: McPherson Zachary , Thosar Deepali , Donnelly Amie , Shaw Nadine , Starte Julia , Jones Michael , Jani Shefali
Published: October 2024

Background

Paediatric periorbital cellulitis, a common eye condition, typically requires inpatient admission for intravenous antibiotics due to concerns about orbital spread. This study aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of ambulatory management for children with moderate periorbital cellulitis.

Methods

Over a 24‐month period, we prospectively enrolled 84 children aged 1 to 16 years who presented with moderate periorbital cellulitis to the emergency department. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Following a guideline‐based decision tree, eligible children received intravenous antibiotics and were discharged with a peripheral cannula for follow‐up in ambulatory care and ophthalmology clinics. Descriptive statistics were used for data presentation.

Results

Among the 84 children, 62 (73.8%) were managed through the ambulatory care model. Within the category of moderate POC, those who were admitted to the hospital did not have higher CRP or White Cell counts and received IV antibiotics for the same length of time. The ambulatory care clinic provided a total of 132 daily doses of intravenous antibiotics. Two children treated on this pathway required inpatient admission due to clinical deterioration, one of whom required ophthalmic surgical intervention. There was no mortality or sight‐threatening complications in this study.

Conclusions

Implementing a directed ambulatory care pathway for children with moderate periorbital cellulitis proved to be an effective and safe management strategy. This approach reduces the strain on hospital bed occupancy while promoting community‐based patient care.
An Efficient and Robust 3D Medical Image Classification Approach Based on 3D CNN, Time‐Distributed 2D CNN‐BLSTM Models, and mRMR Feature Selection
Authors: Akbacak Enver , Muzoğlu Nedim
Published: October 2024

The advent of 3D medical imaging has been a turning point in the diagnosis of various diseases, as voxel information from adjacent slices helps radiologists better understand complex anatomical relationships. However, the interpretation of medical images by radiologists with different levels of expertise can vary and is also time‐consuming. In the last decades, artificial intelligence‐based computer‐aided systems have provided fast and more reliable diagnostic insights with great potential for various clinical purposes. This paper proposes a significant deep learning based 3D medical image diagnosis method. The method classifies MedMNIST3D, which consists of six 3D biomedical datasets obtained from CT, MRA, and electron microscopy modalities. The proposed method concatenates 3D image features extracted from three independent networks, a 3D CNN, and two time‐distributed ResNet BLSTM structures. The ultimate discriminative features are selected via the minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) feature selection method. Those features are then classified by a neural network model. Experiments adhere to the rules of the official splits and evaluation metrics of the MedMNIST3D datasets. The results reveal that the proposed approach outperforms similar studies in terms of accuracy and AUC.
Negative effects on oral motor function after submandibular and parotid botulinum neurotoxin A injections for drooling in children with developmental disabilities
Authors: van Eck Reva M. , Orriëns Lynn B. , Delsing Corinne P. A. , van den Hoogen Frank J. A. , Erasmus Corrie E. , van Hulst Karen
Published: October 2024

Aim

To evaluate negative effects on oral motor function after concurrent submandibular and parotid (four‐gland) botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) injections as a treatment for paediatric drooling.

Method

This was a retrospective cohort study of 125 children (median age 7 years 7 months [interquartile range 4 years 5 months]) with developmental disabilities, including cerebral palsy, treated with four‐gland injections. Most children (90.4%) were previously exposed to submandibular injections. Frequency, severity, and duration of negative effects on oral motor function (i.e. saliva swallowing, eating, drinking, articulation) were evaluated and compared to a reference cohort treated with submandibular injections.

Results

Negative effects on oral motor function were reported in 45 children (36.0%), predominantly manifesting as eating‐related problems (64.4%). Most negative effects (62.2%) were classified as mild and resolved within 4‐weeks post‐injunction (53.3%). Compared to the reference cohort, frequency (36.0% vs 33.0%) and duration (53.3% vs 53.6% resolving within 4 weeks) of negative effects were comparable, although problems were more often moderately severe (33.3% vs 10.1%).

Interpretation

While negative effects on oral motor function were relatively common after four‐gland BoNT‐A injections, most problems were mild and resolved promptly. No substantial differences to a reference cohort treated with submandibular injections were observed, although further research should establish the generalizability of these findings in a treatment‐naive population. Nevertheless, when submandibular injections prove ineffective, clinicians can confidently consider four‐gland injections.
Graded association of muscle strength with all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in older adults with diabetes: Prospective cohort study across 28 countries
Authors: Andersen Lars Louis , Calatayud Joaquín , Núñez‐Cortés Rodrigo , Polo‐López Ana , López‐Bueno Rubén
Published: October 2024

Background

The worldwide prevalence of diabetes is increasing, particularly among older adults. Understanding the association between muscle strength and mortality in this population is crucial for developing targeted exercise recommendations.

Objectives

To assess the prospective association of muscle strength with mortality in older adults with diabetes.

Methods

From the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) study, spanning 28 countries, we included 16 149 diabetic adults aged 50 years and older (mean age 68.2 [standard deviation, SD, 9.2] years). Participants fulfilled two criteria: (1) diabetes diagnosis (ever) and (2) current use of diabetes medication. Muscle strength was assessed using handgrip dynamometry (unit: kg). Using time‐varying Cox regression with restricted cubic splines, we determined the prospective association of muscle strength with all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality, controlling for various confounders.

Results

Over a mean follow‐up of 5.9 years (SD 3.8), 2754 participants died (17%). Using the median level of muscle strength as reference (30 kg), lower and higher levels were associated in a curvilinear fashion with higher and lower all‐cause mortality risk, respectively. The 10th percentile of muscle strength (17 kg) showed a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.65 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.53–1.79). The 90th percentile (47 kg) of muscle strength showed a HR of 0.55 (95% CI 0.49–0.63). A somewhat similar pattern, with varying strength of associations, was seen for mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory disease, severe infectious disease, digestive system disease and cancer.

Conclusion

Muscle strength is gradually and inversely associated with all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality risk in older adults with diabetes. As muscle strength is highly adaptable to resistance training at all ages, the present findings highlight the importance of improving muscle strength in older adults with diabetes.
Thinking Against Humanism? Heidegger on the Human Essence, the Inhuman, and Evil
Authors: Wearing Jack
Published: October 2024

In his ‘Letter on “Humanism”’, Martin Heidegger advances a critique of humanism while insisting that this critique does not imply that he ‘advocates the inhuman’. There are two reasons why Heidegger might be concerned to rebut this accusation. First, one might worry that any rejection of humanism commits one to rejecting its central values, such as the idea that human beings have an essential worth. Second, Heidegger might be concerned to distance his critique from the inhuman policies of National Socialism, with which he was associated in the early 1930s.

In this paper, I offer an interpretation of Heidegger's conception of ‘the inhuman’ to shed light on his critique's normative implications. Through this examination of Heidegger's views, I raise concerns about the political prospects of his anti‐humanism, and, more tentatively, of anti‐humanistic thought in general. First, I reconstruct Heidegger's critique of humanism, his positive conception of the human essence, and his cryptic account of evil in the Letter. I argue that the view that emerges involves a problematic displacement of human responsibility for evil, which Heidegger interprets as symptomatic of the modern epoch in the ‘history of Being’. Moreover, while his account opposes ‘the inhuman’ in a ‘Being‐historical’ sense, I argue that it disavows crucial normative resources for resisting ‘the inhuman’ in the ordinary moral sense.
Extensively harvested hay contaminated with common windgrass induced an ulcerative stomatitis–gingivitis outbreak in horses
Authors: Vervuert I. , Müller S. , Karl H.
Published: October 2024

After starting feeding on a new batch of hay, 29 out of 33 horses showed clinical signs of oral ulcerative and bleeding papules and mucous membrane erythema of the gingiva of the mandible within 2–3 days. The results of the complete blood cell count and biochemistry analysis did not yield significant findings in relation to horses affected by ulcerative stomatitis. Swab analyses of the oral mucosa for vesicular stomatitis virus (VS, Type Indiana and Type New Jersey) were negative in all horses (n = 33). Common windgrass with long awns in the deeper stomal‐gingival ulcerations was confirmed through botanical analysis by botanical identification. The hay batch fed to the affected horses was assessed via botanical analysis, finding 15% common windgrass (Apera spica‐venti). After the removal of the contaminated hay batch, full recovery was seen in all horses within 2–6 weeks depending on the severity of the lesions. The grassland from which the hay was harvested belonged to a semi‐natural landscape restored to increase biodiversity and as a protection zone in case of overflow of the river Rhine. In conclusion, feeding forages harvested from these semi‐natural landscapes may be harmful to the health of horses.
Advancements in Emotion Classification via Facial and Body Gesture Analysis: A Survey
Authors: Diwan Anjali , Sunil Reshma , Mer Parita , Mahadeva Rajesh , Patole Shashikant P.
Published: October 2024

Machine vision has had a substantial impact on human‐computer interaction and psychological research. The ability of robots to generate realistic facial expressions has been enhanced by advancements in artificial intelligence, neural networks, and deep learning, thereby nurturing more profound emotive connections between humans and machines. This paper offers an in‐depth look of the most recent developments in emotion classification technologies, with a specific focus on the period from 2019 to 2023. This research addresses the integration of facial and body gesture analysis into emotion detection, emphasising the development of methods such as partial transfer learning, sign‐based measurement systems, and lightweight convolutional neural networks. By analysing the most recent research, the paper not only provides a comprehensive overview of the most advanced methods, but also emphasises their superiority over previous approaches in terms of efficiency, and applicability. The integration of gestures into emotion analysis is underscored as a critical area for further investigation, providing novel opportunities for comprehending and interpreting the intricate layers of nonverbal communication. The objective of this survey is to provide a resource for researchers and practitioners who are interested in advancing the field of emotion classification by utilising innovative methodologies.
Designing a Positive Health Dialogue Tool for Adolescents and Young Adults: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: van Vliet Marja , Huber Machteld , van der Zanden Sigrid
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Being able to express and address strengths and needs related to health is an important asset to enhance resilience during emerging adulthood. Towards this end, we aimed to develop a specific version of the My Positive Health (MPH) dialogue tool for this developmental period (ages 16–25). By adopting a broad perspective on health and striving for applicability in various settings, this tool ultimately seeks to promote integrated collaboration across various domains (healthcare, social care, school).

Methods

The tool was co‐designed with end users, using mixed methods: a descriptive cross‐sectional survey questionnaire (N = 118) followed by qualitative focus groups and interview sessions (N = 36). Participants were Dutch citizens (mean age 21.6; 79% female) who were stratified by educational level and chronic disease status (yes/no). The final selection of the content of the tool was made during expert sessions.

Results

A preference appeared for the following dimensions to be part of the dialogue tool: My body, My feelings and thoughts, Meaningfulness, Quality of life, Participation and Daily life. Each dimension was operationalised by aspects (43 in total) to facilitate reflection and dialogue. The following new aspects that are typical for emerging adulthood were formulated and included in the dialogue tool: ‘Confidence in yourself’, ‘Being in control’, ‘Having confidence in the future’, ‘Self‐expression’, ‘Meaningful relationships’, ‘Being able to work or study’ and ‘Ability to plan’. Other aspects derived from the adult and children's versions of the MPH dialogue tool.

Conclusion

A dialogue tool was designed for individuals aged 16–25 in various health‐ and vulnerability‐related conditions and with applicability in various domains.

Patient or Public Contribution

The development of the dialogue tool was specifically driven by the needs expressed by the users themselves. Planned public and patient contribution comprised consultation and collaboration in (i) design, (ii) recruitment, (iii) focus group sessions, (iv) analysis and discussion of the data and (v) dissemination.

Trial Registration: Not applicable.
A diet perspective on the impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown on urban bird assemblages
Authors: Woszczyło Patrycja K. , Mikula Peter , Jankowiak Łukasz , Ondrejková Anna , Tryjanowski Piotr
Published: October 2024

The COVID‐19 pandemic, which significantly altered human activities, particularly in urban areas, presented a unique opportunity to explore the dynamics of wildlife–human coexistence. In this study, we conducted bird counts in 36 parks in Poznań, Poland, before (2019) and during (2020) the pandemic lockdown, and assessed the impact of lockdown‐induced changes in human activity on the presence of birds with different diet type in the city. We found a notable decrease in the occurrence of granivorous and waste‐feeding birds in urban areas during the pandemic, but the presence of birds feeding mainly on other food sources remained relatively unchanged. This study provides initial evidence of a cross‐species and diet type‐related decline in bird diversity in urban parks during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
‘Development and Psychometric Testing of the Lean Management Scale for Nursing Services in Hospitals’
Authors: Kılıç Çiğdem Torun , Öztürk Havva
Published: October 2024

Aim

The aim of this study is to develop a new instrument (The Lean Management Scale for Nursing Services in Hospitals‐ LMS‐N) to evaluate the lean levels of nursing services in hospitals and to evaluate its psychometric properties.

Method

A three‐phase construct was used to develop this scale and to determine its psychometric properties: (1) creating the item pool, (2) preliminarily evaluating items and (3) evaluating psychometric properties. This methodological study evaluated the scale's face, content and construct validities, internal consistency, and temporal stability. The psychometric properties of the scale were tested with a total of 695 nurses in different sample groups. Data were collected between 18 November 2020 and 15 May 2021.

Results

The scale's content validity index was 0.75. According to principal component analysis, the scale included 22 items and five subdimensions, and the total variance was 60.32%. In confirmatory factor analysis, the fit indices were good or acceptable for this construct. Its internal consistency was good or acceptable according to reliability analysis. Test–retest showed that the scale had temporal stability.

Conclusion

Lean Management Scale in Nursing Services in Hospitals is a valid and reliable tool that can evaluate the level of leanness of nursing services. It provides a comprehensive evaluation with five subdimensions: management support, visual stock management, work environment layout, preventive notification system and waste detection.
Scene, not heard: Exploring the influence of socioeconomic status background cues in asynchronous video interviews
Authors: Springle Madeline , Bourdage Joshua S.
Published: October 2024

While recent studies have highlighted the potential for background cues in asynchronous video interviews (AVIs) to inadvertently disclose non‐job‐related information about job applicants, researchers have yet to explore the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) cues. This study investigates whether background cues about SES (specifically cues not available in a face‐to‐face interview) introduce unique biases in the hiring process. We examined if evaluators could discern SES differences based on a job applicant's background and whether these cues influenced the perceived hireability of the job applicant. To enhance the realism of our findings and understand when such biases may be exacerbated, we simulated the conditions a hiring manager might face by inducing cognitive load (CL). In a working sample of N = 260 American Cloud Research Connect participants, we used a 2 (low; high SES) by 2 (low; high CL) between‐subjects experimental design. We found that although evaluators could identify differences in SES and did experience a difference in CL, these two factors did not directly influence the perceived hireability of the job applicant. We also investigated the role of evaluators' characteristics, such as their own SES, attitude towards poverty, and social dominance orientation. Although these did not directly influence their ratings of the job applicant, we identified noteworthy correlations: participants' perceptions of the SES of the background correlated with the job applicant's (a) perceived hireability, and (b) perceived SES. These findings emphasize the need for further research into the subtle cues that evaluators might use to gauge SES, which could impact a job applicant's AVI evaluation.
A multimodal approach to faking detection in a selection interview
Authors: Juničić Nataša , Parmač Kovačić Maja , Galić Zvonimir
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of faking detection in a selection interview using a multimodal approach based on paraverbal, verbal/nonverbal cues, and facial expressions. In addition, we compared detection accuracies of simple linear and complex nonlinear machine learning algorithms. A sample of 102 participants were interviewed in two conditions—honest responding and simulated highly realistic selection. Results showed only several significant univariate effects of experimental condition for paraverbal, verbal, and facial expression cues. All the algorithms performed comparably and above chance levels, except for random forests, which overfitted on the training sets and underperformed on the testing sets. Still, considering the algorithms' accuracy was limited, usefulness of multimodal data for deception detection remains questionable.
Current insights into apolipoprotein E and the immune response in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lin Peter Bor‐Chian , Holtzman David M.
Published: October 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder and the most common cause of dementia. Genetic analyses identified apolipoprotein E (APOE) as the strongest genetic risk for late‐onset AD. Studies have shown that ApoE modulates AD pathogenesis in part by influencing amyloid‐β (Aβ) deposition. However, ApoE also appears to regulate elements of AD via regulation of innate immune response, especially through microglial and astrocyte activation. In model systems, it also regulates changes in T‐cells. This review focuses on the key findings that have advanced our understanding of the role of ApoE in the pathogenesis of AD and the current view of innate immune response regulated by ApoE in AD, while discussing open questions and areas for future research.
The potential for a union default to convert nonunion workers into union members: The effects of beliefs about unions' consequences, free‐riding and social customs
Authors: Harcourt Mark , Gall Gregor , Wilson Margaret
Published: October 2024

Union density has fallen dramatically in many western European countries over recent decades, with grave implications for unions' strength and legitimacy regarding collective bargaining. Free‐riding remains an ongoing challenge in maintaining union membership levels, as covered nonunion workers generally receive the same collectively bargained terms as union members. To help resolve this problem, we propose a union default that would, as a legal requirement, automatically enrol all workers under coverage as union members in the first instance, but with a subsequent right to opt‐out. We use survey evidence from New Zealand to suggest that nearly half these nonunion workers working for unionised employers would retain membership if defaulted. A default would be effective at converting nonunion workers into union members partly because it would shift the norms of the workplace from nonunion to union, as per social custom theory.
Boron nitride nanosheets composite SiC fibers with enhanced mechanical properties and high‐temperature resistance
Authors: Song Quzhi , Long Xin , Wang Bing , Wang Qianlong , Liu Wenjun , Xu Nana , Wu Shuang , Du Yiang , Ou Yucheng , Liu Tao , Wang Fuwen , Wang Yingde
Published: October 2024

Continuous SiC fibers with excellent mechanical properties and high‐temperature resistance possess immense potential as reinforcements for aeroengines. In this work, we prepared functionalized boron nitride nanosheet (F‐BNNS) composite SiC (F‐BNNS/SiC) fibers by polymer‐derived method. Due to the existence of F‐BNNS, the F‐BNNS/SiC fibers demonstrate an improved tensile strength up to 2300 MPa, representing a 25% increase compared to the original SiC fibers. Furthermore, owing to the chemical bonds established between the F‐BNNS and the SiCxOy network, the decomposition of the SiCxOy amorphous phase and the crystallization of SiC at high temperatures is effectively suppressed. The F‐BNNS/SiC fibers exhibit improved high‐temperature resistance, maintaining a tensile strength of 720 MPa up to 1500°C, while the SiC fibers completely degraded under the same conditions. The successful preparation of BNNS/SiC fibers may offer new insights into the performance enhancement of advanced ceramic fibers.
The equivalence of a high‐stakes objective structured clinical exam adapted to suit a virtual delivery format
Authors: Coetzee Karen , Amirthalingam Luxshi , Eftekari Tabasom , Monteiro Sandra
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The COVID‐19 pandemic necessitated rapid adaptation of clinical competence assessments, including the transition of Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCE) from in‐person to virtual formats. This study investigates the construct equivalence of a high‐stakes OSCE, originally designed for in‐person delivery, when adapted for a virtual format.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted using OSCE scores from the Internationally Educated Nurse Competency Assessment Program (IENCAP®). Data were collected from 15 exam administrations between January 2018 and June 2022, encompassing 2021 examinees (1936 in‐person, 85 virtual). The Many‐Facet Rasch Measurement (MFRM) model was employed to analyze the invariance of examinee ability, case difficulty, and criteria difficulty across in‐person and virtual formats.

Results

Results revealed overall examinee ability estimates remained invariant regardless of the OSCE format, while invariant violations were identified in only three of the 15 cases (N = 20%) adapted to suit the virtual format. The most significant adaptation, namely the use of a verbal physical examination to suit the virtual context achieved equivalence to its hands‐on in‐person counterpart given evidence of invariance across criteria estimates. Interestingly, criteria scores in invariant violated cases displayed a higher level of stability or consistency across the virtual OSCE formats versus their in‐person counterpart highlighting a potential benefit of the virtual versus in‐person format and potentially linked to the verbal physical examination.

Conclusion

The study found that while examinee ability and case difficulty estimates exhibited some invariance between in‐person and virtual OSCE formats, criteria involving physical assessments faced challenges in maintaining construct equivalence. These findings highlight the need for careful consideration in adapting high‐stakes clinical assessments to virtual formats to ensure fairness and reliability.
Lake shape and the characteristics of migration behavior modify Atlantic salmon smolt migration success through lakes
Authors: Newton Matthew , McCallum Joseph , Honkanen Hannele M. , Stephen Alastair , Lilly Jessie M. , Orrell Danielle L. , Green Amy , Chavarie Louise , Rodger Jessica R. , Adams Colin E.
Published: October 2024

Migration is a high‐risk behavior. For the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, migrating from its river nursery area to marine feeding grounds, the magnitude of risk varies with habitat type. Passage through lakes, in particular, is associated with low rates of migration success. Downstream migrating salmon smolts are rheotactic when migrating in rivers, but lakes typically provide poorer directional currents for migrating salmon. In this study we tested if, in the absence of clear navigational cues in lakes, Atlantic salmon smolts switch to a random search strategy to find the outflowing river. We constructed random search simulations to test if lake basin shape has an effect on migration success. We also compared simulated migration characteristics with migrations of salmon smolts through five real lakes for which there are telemetry data for migrating salmon. Correlated random walk simulations showed that a random search strategy could be successful for all lake shapes tested but was more successful in curved (round and elliptical) than rectangular basin shapes. Rectangular basins with the migration start and stop points at the ends of the lake had a higher success than those where these points were perpendicular to the axis of the lake. In general, a random walk model predicted the migration success rate of fish tracked through real lakes. However, for two lakes the simulated migration success exceeded that of actual success, suggesting that fish passing through these lakes were not adopting a random search strategy. We speculate that this is the result of either conflicting navigational cues which inhibit smolts from finding the lake outlet or that they temporarily suspend migration (e.g., to feed). Modelling predicted that for small lakes, directional swimming in short steps (ca. 100 m) followed by turns with very low variation from the direction of travel resulted in the highest migration success. For larger lakes, longer step lengths but also with low turn variation (simulated turning angle drawn from distributions of standard deviation 2° and 5° around a mean of 0°) resulted in the highest migration success. We conclude that navigation in downstream migrating salmon smolts switches from rheotaxis in rivers to a random search tactic in lakes except where residual flow cues in some lakes prevent this, at times resulting in suboptimal navigation outcomes.
Los Haitianos, las caravanas and transborder racial affect: Emotions and triangulated representations of Caribbean and Central American migrants in Mexico
Authors: Valles Darío
Published: October 2024

Increasingly foreclosed possibilities of asylum in the US‐Mexico border have been accompanied in Mexico by two seemingly divergent narratives laden with affective assessments targeting Haitians and Central Americans, the largest populations of migrants forced to temporarily resettle in Northern Mexican cities. Ethnographic analysis in Tijuana offers insight into diverging representations of docility and gratefulness of Haitians versus aggressiveness and rudeness of Central Americans—alongside converging state and economic violence these migrants face. Bringing comparative ethnic studies with Caribbeanist and Mexicanist anthropology to bear on contemporary Mexican migration politics, this article elucidates how Tijuanenses’ public perceptions are racially triangulated to a valorized Mexicanidad in directly relationship with the border. This paper sheds light on how organized state and non‐state violence, enshrined in border regimes, become routinized in everyday “common sense” discourse tied to affective relations through a process proposed herein as transborder racial affect.
Challenging the dichotomy: Examining parent socialization goals and behaviors regarding positive affect in Bengaluru, India
Authors: Wick Samantha B. , Sathiyaseelan Anuradha , Raval Vaishali V. , Luebbe Aaron M.
Published: October 2024

Parents' responses to youth positive affect (PA) have been dichotomized as enhancing and dampening. This dichotomy may not fit with cultural scripts about emotion in communities where a balance between positive and negative emotions is preferred. To assess parents' PA socialization in a culturally relevant manner for urban, middle‐class families in India, we developed a new measure of parental goals about happiness and adapted the Responses to Adolescent Happy Affect Scale (RAHAS). We tested the psychometric properties of these measures and assessed relations among parental socialization goals and behaviors across 5 months. Our sample included 377 adolescent (84.4% girls; Mage = 14.47) and parent (63.9% mothers) dyads, primarily Hindu, in Bengaluru, India. Two parental goals factors emerged: “Balancing and Controlling” and “Maximizing and Sharing” happiness. Three factors emerged for the adapted RAHAS. Two factors were the same as the original RAHAS: (a) “Enhancing” strategies to upregulate PA and (b) “Dampening” strategies to downregulate PA. A third factor emerged: (c) “Balancing” strategies, which were culturally salient for families in India and aimed for moderation. Among socialization behaviors, “Enhancing” and “Dampening” were inversely related, while “Balancing” related positively to each. Balancing and Controlling goals were only correlated to “Balancing” behaviors. Maximizing and Sharing goals were correlated positively with “Enhancing” and inversely with “Dampening.” Longitudinally, Maximizing and Sharing and Balancing and Controlling goals were related to a significant increase and marginal decrease in “Dampening,” respectively. Challenging the dichotomy, our findings highlight the relevance of balancing to theories of PA socialization.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Treating Hepatitis C in Clients on Opioid Agonist Therapy in Community Pharmacies Compared to Primary Healthcare in Australia
Authors: Ginnane Joshua F. , Scott Nick , Radley Andrew , Dillon John F. , Hellard Margaret , Doyle Joseph
Published: October 2024

Meeting the World Health Organisation 2030 target of treating 80% of people with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Australia requires accessible testing and treatment services for at‐risk populations. Previous clinical trials, including those in Australia, have demonstrated the efficacy of outreach programmes to community pharmacies offering opioid agonist therapy (OAT). This analysis evaluates the potential cost‐effectiveness of introducing an outreach programme in community pharmacies. Using a decision analytic model, we estimated the impact of adding a temporary hepatitis C outreach and treatment programme in community pharmacies to the standard treatment pathway available through general practice. We compared the expected number of tests, diagnoses, cures and costs occurring through the addition of this outreach and treatment programme to those expected through general practice alone over a 12‐month time horizon. We examined costs from the perspective of the health system and conducted one‐way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses to assess uncertainty in model parameters and test key assumptions. In the model adding the outreach programme pathway increased the number of tests from 4178 to 8737, the number of diagnoses from 615 to 1285 and the number of cures from 223 to 777 among people on OAT over a 12‐month period. Each additional cure achieved through the addition of the outreach programme was estimated to incur $48,964 (AUD 2023) to the health system, with > 85% of these costs attributable to medication and dispensing expenses. The average cost per cure was estimated to be $49,152 through routine care and $49,018 in the outreach programme. Although outreach models of care incur large upfront costs, they can capture otherwise unreached populations and result in comparable or favourable cost per cure, due to higher levels of engagement and lower rates of loss to follow‐up.
Change in Femoral Offset after Closed Reduction and Dynamic Hip Screw Osteosynthesis Via Lateral Approach in Patients with Medial Femoral Neck Fracture: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Meier Marc‐Pascal , Seitz Mark‐Tilmann , Saul Dominik , Gera Roland , Roch Paul Jonathan , Jäckle Katharina , Lehmann Wolfgang , Hawellek Thelonius
Published: October 2024

Objective

Closed reduction and dynamic hip screw (DHS) osteosynthesis are preferred as joint‐preserving therapy in case of medial femoral neck fractures (MFNFs). A change in the femoral offset (CFO) can cause gait abnormality, impingement, or greater trochanteric pain syndrome. It is unknown whether the femoral offset (FO) can be postoperatively fully restored. The aim of the study was to investigate the extent of a possible CFO in hip joints after DHS osteosynthesis in the case of an MFNF.

Methods

In this retrospective study, 104 patients (mean age: 71.02 years, men: n = 50, women: n = 54) with MFNF who underwent closed reduction and DHS osteosynthesis were analyzed by postoperative x‐rays to assess CFO between the operated (OS) and nonoperated joint side (NOS). The studies covered the time period 2010–2020. A statistical comparison was performed between the mean values of FO between OS and NOS, taking into account patient age, gender, and fracture severity.

Results

All operated hip joints showed a CFO. In 76.0% (79 of 104), the FO decreased (FOD), and in 24.0% (25 of 104), the FO increased (FOI). A critical CFO (>15% CFO) was detected in 52.9% (55 of 104). In hip joints with postoperative FOD, the mean FO between NOS (49.15 mm [±6.56]) and OS (39.32 mm [±7.87]) and in hip joints with postoperative FOI the mean FO between NOS (41.59 [±8.21]) and OS (47.27 [±6.68]) differed significantly (p < 0.001). Preoperative FO (r
S: −0.41; p > 0.001) and caput–collum–diaphyseal angle (CCD; r
S: 0.34; p > 0.001) correlated with postoperative CFO. FOD was found in hip joints with a preoperative FO >44 mm and CCD <134° vice versa FOI in hip joints with a preoperative FO <44 mm and CCD >134°.

Conclusion

Closed reduction and DHS osteosynthesis in patients with MFNF result in a clustered significant CFO. The individual FO should be taken into account pre‐ and intraoperatively to avoid a postoperative extensive CFO.
What is helpful and unhelpful when people try to withdraw from antipsychotics: An international survey
Authors: Read John
Published: October 2024

Objective

Antipsychotics remain the first‐line treatment for people diagnosed with psychotic disorders despite adverse effects which lead many people to stop their medication. Many stop without the support of the prescriber, who may fear relapse. The objective of this study is to better understand the process of withdrawal from antipsychotics, from the perspective of people taking antipsychotics.

Design

Online survey.

Methods

An international online survey elicited quantitative responses about pre‐withdrawal planning (560) and qualitative responses about what was helpful and unhelpful when withdrawing from antipsychotics (443). Responses came from users of antipsychotics in 29 countries.

Results

Forty‐seven per cent did not consult their psychiatrist before discontinuing. Only 40% made preparations, most commonly making a plan, gathering information and informing family. The most frequently reported helpful factors were focussing on the benefits of getting off the drugs (including ending adverse effects and feeling more alive), information about withdrawal symptoms and how to withdraw safely, withdrawing slowly, and support from psychologists, counsellors and psychotherapists. The most common unhelpful factor was the psychiatrist/doctor, largely because of their lack of knowledge, refusal to support the patient's wishes and the threat or use of coercion.

Conclusions

Evidence‐based, respectful, collaborative responses to patients' concerns about adverse effects and desires to withdraw would probably reduce relapse rates and improve long‐term outcomes. It would definitely help end pervasive breaching of the principle of informed consent and human rights legislation.
Climate policy support in the UK: An interaction of worldviews and policy types
Authors: Bretter Christian , Schulz Felix
Published: October 2024

Understanding predictors of climate policy support is important for tackling climate change. Previous research demonstrated that policy support is partially driven by cultural worldviews. Yet, treating policies as a homogeneous concept, this literature neglected the existence of different policy types. Making this distinction is important because each type implies a distinct solution to the same problem (i.e., carbon emissions) with varying degrees of retained freedom for agents. Given that diverging worldviews imply different preferences for individual freedom, we hypothesize an interaction between policy types and cultural worldviews on climate policy support: Policy support is stronger when the retained freedom of a policy type is aligned with the worldview‐based preferences for such freedom. Using a representative sample of the UK population (N = 1991) and actual policy proposals of UK political parties, our results partly support our hypothesized interaction. Although communitarian‐egalitarians, compared to all other worldview groups, indicated stronger support across policy types, contrary to our hypothesis they showed their weakest support for command‐and‐control and their strongest for information‐based policies. Individualist‐hierarchists, in contrast and in line with our argument, showed the weakest support for command‐and‐control policies and strongest support for voluntary policies.