bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial Team Dynamics and New Venture Creation Process: An Exploratory Study Within a Start-Up Incubator
Authors: Diakanastasi Elli , Karagiannaki Angeliki , Pramatari Katerina
Published: July 2018

Many new product innovations are attributed to new venture creation. Although there are many success cases, many new ventures quit before they have fulfilled their greatest potential mainly because the team quits their effort. This research tries to delve into several factors that affect the dynamics of an entrepreneurial team along the different stages of the new venture creation process. Given such direction, primary data from 12 entrepreneurial teams are undertaken within an incubator environment, which is an underresearched context. An in-depth study of these entrepreneurial teams suggests numerous determinants (variation in the intentions and expectations, improper leadership, ineffective communication, engagement, team structure) to have a serious effect on team dynamics and team cohesiveness. Following a grounded theory approach, specific research propositions are formulated and theoretical insights are drawn. Moreover, the results of this research assist nascent entrepreneurs in assessing their potential, recognizing critical team dynamics, and basing their choice on moving to a sustainable new venture creation.
Predictors of Optimal Antenatal Care Service Utilization Among Adolescents and Adult Women in Bangladesh
Authors: Ali Nausad , Sultana Marufa , Sheikh Nurnabi , Akram Raisul , Mahumud Rashidul Alam , Asaduzzaman Muhammad , Sarker Abdur Razzaque
Published: July 2018

Introduction:

Utilization of recommended antenatal care (ANC) throughout the pregnancy period is a proven healthy behavior in reducing maternal mortalities and morbidities. The objective of this study is to identify the demand side factors that are associated with the recommended utilization of ANC services among adolescents and adult women in Bangladesh.

Method:

This study utilized cross-sectional data from latest Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014. Data of a total of 4626 adolescents and adult women were analyzed. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed for identifying the significant determining factors associated with the ANC services utilization.

Results:

Approximately, 32% adult and 30% adolescent women utilized the recommended ANC care. The higher educated adolescents and adult women were 8.08 times ( P < .001) and 2.98 times ( P < .001) more likely to receive 4 or more ANC, respectively, compared to uneducated women. The richest quintile showed higher tendency to utilize optimum ANC services and had 2.70 times ( P < .05) and 6.51 times ( P < .001) more likelihood to receive optimal ANC services for adolescent and adult groups, respectively, compared to poorest quintile.

Conclusion:

Other than education and income, several other factors including mass -media, place of residence, working status, and geographical variations were significantly associated with recommended ANC. These findings might help health-care programmers and policy makers for initiating appropriate policy and programs for ensuring optimal ANC coverage for all. Ensuring adequate ANC regardless of economic status and residence of pregnant women could guarantee universal maternal health-care coverage as devoted to a national strategic guideline.
释 “風” ——兼说 “空穴来風”
Authors: 白于蓝
Published: July 2018

摘要

“風” 字何以从 “虫” 表义, 清代《说文》注家多有说解, 近现代以来古文字研究者亦多有探讨。本文依照最新出土的古文字材料, 对 “風” 字的构型进行新的分析, 对其构型本义和来源问题进行探讨。并在此基础上, 对 “空穴来風” 一词加以新的解读。
1999 International Student Paper Award Winner: Evaluation and Application of a Project Charter Template to Improve the Project Planning Process
Authors: Hayes Diane S.
Published: July 2018

Innovation and project management formation are best accomplished in the early stage of a project. The project charter is important to the success of a project, transforming agreements and facts into a documented project management approach. This output begins to organize and document a project's need and expected outcomes at the beginning of the project management process and provides a foundation on which to base project decisions. This paper evaluates the completeness and effectiveness of a project charter template as a project management tool. In addition, a project charter is developed for an information system development project initiated by a hospital-based clinical laboratory, addressing the problem of a complete lack of a repeatable project management process within an entity whose adaptation of formal project management methods is immature. A section-by-section assessment of the justification for inclusion in the Tryon and Associates Project Charter (Tryon and Associates, 1998) adopted by St. John Medical Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma USA, based upon a review of project management literature, is accomplished. In addition, a working project charter for use in the planning phase of one of Regional Medical Laboratory's (RML) current information system development projects—RML Turnaround Time System—is constructed and evaluated. This study of project charter components, combined with the development of a formal planning document for an authentic project in progress, provides an opportunity to introduce, validate, and integrate the concept of a formalized project initiation process.
Application of the Analytical Design Planning Technique to Construction Project Management
Authors: Austin Simon , Baldwin Andrew , Li Baizhan , Waskett Paul
Published: July 2018

Current construction project planning practices take little account of the interdisciplinary, iterative nature of the design process. This, combined with work packaging devised to suit construction and other influences on design planning, leads to a compromised design process containing inevitable cycles of redesign. This paper describes the Analytical Design Planning Technique (ADePT), a project planning methodology that helps to overcome these problems by providing a structured approach based on information flow rather than the production of design deliverables. It takes in account the iterative nature of design enabling coordinated, integrated design solutions to be developed within budgetary and time constraints.
The Role of Contract Type in the Success of R&D Defense Projects under Increasing Uncertainty
Authors: Sadeh Arye , Dvir Dov , Shenhar Aaron
Published: July 2018

This study attempts to reveal the effect of the contract type on the success of defense projects contingent with the level of technological uncertainty existing at the beginning of the project. Based on data collected on 110 defense development projects performed in Israel, it was found that when technological uncertainty at the start of projects is high, cost-plus contracts result in better performance. Fixed-price contracts are better suited for projects with lower levels of technological uncertainty. A combination of cost-plus and fixed-price contracts is suggested for use in projects suffering from high technological uncertainty, starting with a cost-plus contract for the early stages of the project and switching to a fixed-price contract when the uncertainty is reduced.
Clients, Contractors, and Consultants: The Consequences of Organizational Fragmentation in Contemporary Project Environments
Authors: Berggren Christian , Söderlund Jonas , Anderson Christian
Published: July 2018

Deregulation, privatization, and outsourcing are changing the organizational environment for projects in infrastructure industries (e.g., power generation projects). An important trend is the increasing use of management and engineering consultants on behalf of clients but, sometimes, also acting as supplier representatives in situ. We argue that very little research has been devoted to these arrangements. The paper focuses on the effects of such organizational fragmentation for the execution of large-scale engineering projects. Three problems are identified: the problem of coordination, the problem of the absent customer, and the problem of learning. On a theoretical level, the paper points to important aspects of coordinating engineering work in nonrecurring project business. On a practical level, the paper highlights the need for clients to assess consultants from a broad perspective, including their abilities to build a cooperative project environment and establish problem-solving and conflict-resolution arrangements.
2001 International Student Paper Award Winner
Authors: Wang Xiaojin
Published: July 2018

Professional culture is important to guide members of a profession to think and behave as the profession requires. Project management (PM), as a new profession, should have its own professional culture, which could be minimally defined as a set of work-related values and beliefs shared by PM professionals. On the basis of a questionnaire survey, this research used exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to establish a model of PM culture consisting of four key dimensions: professional commitment, project team integration, work flexibility, and viewing others in terms of work performance. For each of the dimensions, two or three subdimensions were identified. Also, PM professionals’ current values and beliefs around the dimensions and subdimensions were explored using descriptive and t-test statistics to reveal some potential for improvement of the profession.
Schedule and Cost Buffer Sizing: How to Account for the Bias between Project Performance and Your Model
Authors: Leach Larry
Published: July 2018

Bias in project performance causes schedule and cost to overrun baseline estimates (your model). Bias is the onesided tendency of actual schedule or cost to overrun the model. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) and supporting literature recommend estimating the variability for all project time and cost estimates, and sizing appropriate schedule or cost buffers (also known as contingency or management reserve) using Monte-Carlo analysis or PERT. This paper describes a number of sources of bias in performance of projects to schedule and cost estimates, and provides recommendations to size buffers that ensure your projects come in under your baseline schedule and budget.
Learning Generators: Project Teams Re-Conceptualized
Authors: Sense Andrew J.
Published: July 2018

This paper offers a conception of a project team from a learning perspective. This conception includes project teams being considered “learning generators” by being an amalgam of many different “communities of practice” (Lave & Wenger, 1991; Wenger, McDermott, & Snyder, 2002), which simulate an embryonic form of a new community of practice. Barriers to situated learning between project team members within the project environment are also illuminated. This paper presents practical structural attributes that form “learning bridges” to overcome these learning barriers within project teams. Additionally, issues for research into project learning are explored.
Early Warning Signals for R&D Projects: An Empirical Study
Authors: Sánchez Angel Martínez , Pérez Manuela Pérez
Published: July 2018

This paper shows the results from a survey of Spanish industrial companies on the use of early warning signals for the earliest possible identification of failing research and development (R&D) projects. Factor analysis indicates that project profitability and cooperation were the factors most responsible for the variance of early warning signals. On the other hand, checklists and ratios were the most used methods to organize early warning signals. The difference in the use of early warning signals depended on the company's R&D effort and the project size. There was also a dependent relationship between the use of early warning signals and the critical importance of success factors for R&D projects.
Understanding the Role of “Vision” in Project Success
Authors: Christenson Dale , Walker Derek H.T.
Published: July 2018

Rigorous applications of project management methodologies are responsible, though only partially, for project success. We argue, however, that a significant driver of project management success is effective and intelligent leadership communicated through an inspiring vision of what the project is meant to achieve and how it can make a significant positive impact.

An information technology case study project is presented to illustrate how project vision provided and maintained commitment to a complex project that was judged successful when compared to similar projects despite the difficulties described. This success was substantially attributed to the project leadership group's use of a vision.
The Project Manager's Leadership Style as a Success Factor on Projects: A Literature Review
Authors: Turner J. Rodney , Müller Ralf
Published: July 2018

The Project Management Institute has commissioned the authors to conduct research into whether the project manager's leadership style is a success factor on projects, and whether its impact is different on different types of projects. In this paper, we review the literature on the topic. Surprisingly, the literature on project success factors does not typically mention the project manager and his or her leadership style or competence as a success factor on projects. This is in direct contrast to the general management literature, which views effective leadership as a critical success factor in the management of organizations, and has shown that an appropriate leadership style can lead to better performance. Since, unlike most literature on project success factors, project management literature does consider the role of the project manager, we also review what it says about his or her leadership style and competence.
Utilizing the Ethics of Project Management in the Healthcare Field
Authors: Gray Emily
Published: July 2018

The creation of an ethical code is a common practice within many professions. This paper compares and contrasts the ethical code of project managers affiliated with the Project Management Institute (PMI) with the organizational codes of a Midwest pediatric hospital (Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota) and the professional codes of its physicians and registered nurses. Through interviews and literature research, this paper will show that even though these professional fields may differ greatly in their scope, the contents of their ethical codes can still closely mirror one another and, in fact, the PMI ethical code can be greatly utilized within the field of healthcare.
Visualizing Stakeholder Influence — Two Australian Examples
Authors: Bourne Lynda , Walker Derek H.T.
Published: July 2018

This paper introduces and illustrates a tool, the Stakeholder Circle™, for measuring and visualizing stakeholder influence on managing projects drawing upon two case study examples. Development of the tool was based upon stakeholder and project management theory and it extends our appreciation of the potential impact that stakeholders may exert that unearths vital risk management and customer relationship implications for the project management profession.

Using a case study and action learning approach, this paper draws upon emerging project management and wider strands of management decision-making literature. The paper is exploratory in nature and the case studies used provide a useful vehicle for reflection and sense making.
Decision-Making for Successful Product Development
Authors: Powell Robert A. , Buede Dennis M.
Published: July 2018

Success is the objective during product development and good decision-making is the “yellow brick road” that leads to success. Decisions are used by systems engineers and project managers to guide and control events that occur during product development. Mistakes due to an improper definition of decisions made in the front end of the development process can have substantially negative impacts on the total cost of the system and its success with users and bill payers. The purpose of this paper is to define key decisions that can aid project managers and systems engineers during product development.
Success of Projects in Different Organizational Conditions
Authors: Hyväri Irja
Published: July 2018

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the critical success/failure factors in project management and to examine the relationships between critical success factors and organizational background variables. This study also aims to gain an understanding of how project clients, owners, and sponsors present their needs and expectations to ensure project success. On the basis of the survey responses received, it is possible to identify critical success factors in project management that are significantly related to company/organization size, project size, organization type, and project managers’ work experience. The project implementation profile is also analyzed on average and by phases. The results indicate the importance of project communication that is related to company size, however. In contrast to some prior studies, communication was ranked highest in most project phases.
2006 Graduate Student of the Year Paper Award Winner: Linking Project Management with Business Strategy
Authors: Srivannaboon Sabin
Published: July 2018

Recognition of the strategic importance of project management in the corporate world is rapidly accelerating. One reason for this acceleration maybe a strong belief by business leaders that aligning project management with business strategy can significantly enhance the achievement of organizational goals, strategies, and performance. However, empirical literature that offers advice on how to achieve this alignment is scanty. Many companies are suffering from misaligned projects and a lack of a systematic approach to align project management with the business strategy. Although projects are the basic building blocks of organizational strategy in many companies, project management is not often recognized as a functional strategy and is rarely perceived as a business process, making the achievement of a project management/business strategy alignment even more difficult. This study addresses three aspects of an under-researched topic in the strategic management literature— aligning project management with business strategy. An empirically based theoretical framework was developed to highlight the impact of business strategy on project management (and vice-versa) and the mechanisms used to strengthen that alignment, whereas the alignment scores were calculated to quantitatively complement data from the field study. Multiple sources of data were utilized to triangulate emerging information for eight case studies covering nine projects in seven organizations (42 interviews).
Computational Modeling of Project Organizations under Stress
Authors: Dillard John , Nissen Mark E.
Published: July 2018

Building upon prior research on enterprise centralization and knowledge dynamics, this paper uses computational methods to assess the behavior and project performance of different organization-al designs in varying environments. The results reinforce contingency theory and suggest particular characteristics of different project environments that make one form relatively more or less appropriate than another. Practically, the answers to the research questions have direct and immediate application to project/portfolio managers and senior executives. Theoretically, broad classes of organizations are generalized and prescribe a novel set of organizational design guides.
Leadership Behaviors in Matrix Environments
Authors: Wellman Jerry
Published: July 2018

Previous research has helped us under-stand the role of program managers in the matrix organization but little has been done to provide a framework for understanding the senior management role. This research offers a step toward better understanding that role. Grounded theory research methods were used to analyze organizational artifacts and interview transcripts from an aero-space business division of a major Fortune 100 corporation. The findings asserted that five critical behavior constructs, Empowerment, Support, Decision-Making, Flexibility, and Communications, were instrumental in matrix organizational performance and were strongly influenced by senior leadership behavior.
Containing Transaction Costs in ERP Implementation through Identification of Strategic Learning Projects
Authors: Andersson Annika , Müller Ralf
Published: July 2018

Implementation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems requires in-depth understanding of the idiosyncrasies of the receiving organization, thus implying specific learning costs. ERP projects delivered in form of contracted projects in a competitive market environment often ignore costs for competitive reasons (Linderoth & Lundqvist, 2004). However, these learning costs add to the overall transaction costs of a project. If not budgeted into the individual projects, these costs accumulate at the project portfolio level of project delivery organizations (sellers) and must be managed adequately. One way of minimizing learning costs at the portfolio level is to identify strategic learning projects, which accrue higher than planned (competitive) costs, but lower the costs of future projects and thereby the overall learning costs at the portfolio level. The present study investigated the practices of dealing with costs of learning projects at a Swedish ERP consultancy over a period of six months. The results show how to lower portfolio-level project costs in the long-term through identification of strategic learning projects, with expected budget overruns in the short-term. The study takes a transaction-costs-economic (TCE) perspective. A model shows the impact of short-term learning investments on the lowering of implementation risks in future projects. The model can be used by managers for understanding long-term profitability by exceeding time and budget objectives in the short term.
Philosophy of Project Management: Lessons from the Philosophy of Science
Authors: Frame J. Davidson
Published: July 2018

This article examines how insights offered by a well-established philosophy of science can provide lessons that have a bearing on formulating a philosophy of project management. It has three principal aims: (1) to highlight key concepts from the philosophy of science that characterize the philosophy of science perspective, (2) to explore the possible relevance of these concepts to formulating a philosophy of project management, and (3) to showcase a model of a successful philosophical discipline (i.e., philosophy of science) that can provide guidance on how to develop a philosophy of project management that has meaning not only to academic philosophers but to practicing project managers as well.
A Study on Complexity and Uncertainty Perception and Solution Strategies for the Time/Cost Trade-Off Problem
Authors: Wauters Mathieu , Vanhoucke Mario
Published: July 2018

In this article, the Discrete Time/Cost Tradeoff Problem (DTCTP) is revisited in light of a student experiment. Two solution strategies are distilled from the data of 444 participants and are structured by means of five building blocks: focus, activity criticality, ranking, intensity, and action. The impact of complexity and uncertainty on the cost objective is quantified in a large computational experiment. Specific attention is allocated to the influence of the actual and perceived complexity and uncertainty and the cost repercussions when reality and perception do not coincide.
Application of Net Cash Flow at Risk in Project Portfolio Selection
Authors: Sharifi Masoud Mohammad , Safari Mojtaba
Published: July 2018

Project portfolio management deals with the selection of multiple projects. Because the number of potential projects that can be selected is greater than the number of projects that can be funded, managers face the problem of selecting a portfolio that maximizes the expected benefits. In this article, financial concepts are applied in the project portfolio and then cash flow at risk, as a measure in project portfolio optimization, is developed. Finally, we propose a novel mathematical model for project selection.
Closing the Stakeholder Expectation Gap: Managing Customer Expectations toward the Process of Developing Information Systems
Authors: Basten Dirk , Stavrou Georgios , Pankratz Oleg
Published: July 2018

Whereas expectations concerning both process and product are essential for information system development (ISD) project success, research has focused on end-user expectations toward the product. Based on semi-structured interviews, we shed light on the relevance of process expectations for customer satisfaction in ISD projects, concrete customer expectations toward the process, and approaches for managing these expectations. Our study provides means to manage customer expectations and thus increase the likelihood of customer satisfaction.
In a League of Their Own: Exploring the Impacts of Shared Work History for Distributed Online Project Teams
Authors: Petter Stacie , Carter Michelle
Published: July 2018

Project management is fraught with challenges, particularly for teams that are distributed and interact online. Conflict between subgroups is one challenge that may occur during the course of a project. Using social identity theory, this research explores how subgroups arising from individuals’ shared work histories impact a project team. A massive multiplayer online role-playing game provided the context for our exploration. Results suggest that there are positive and negative consequences to project team members with shared work histories. Our findings have implications for practice and suggest potential opportunities for future research.
Barriers to Tacit Knowledge Sharing in Geographically Dispersed Project Teams in Oil and Gas Projects
Authors: Olaniran Olugbenga Jide
Published: July 2018

Global integration, advances in information and communications technology, in addition to changing partnership models and structures, have led to the growing use of geographically dispersed project teams (GDPTs). However, relatively little is still known about the nature of barriers to tacit knowledge sharing in oil and gas projects. Consequently, this Delphi study explores the features of obstacles to tacit knowledge sharing in oil and gas project settings. The barriers were found to be personal, team, organizational, and external in nature. This article provides unique insights that can assist in the effective knowledge management across GDPTs in oil and gas projects.
Symbolic Megaprojects: Historical Evidence of a Forgotten Dimension
Authors: Rego Marcos Lopez , Reis Irigaray Helio Arthur , Chaves Renato Lago P.
Published: July 2018

By combining an historical analysis of three megaprojects and an organizational theory approach based on the notion of symbolism-intensive organizations, this research attempts to shed light on how symbols are constructed, communicated, translated, and captured in megaprojects. We conclude that, when it comes to symbolic projects, a number of project features may not be mirrored in the outcome's observable traits. We propose a novel analysis dimension: the symbolism-intensive project; in other words, projects that are carried out aimed at delivering long-awaited needs, a supreme mission, annihilation of the past, or even the reification of heroes, or success.
Digging for Change
Authors: van Marrewijk Alfons
Published: July 2018

Delivering organizational change through interorganizational projects is a complex process, as several organizations must collaborate. The aim of this article is to understand how change and resistance are shaped in interorganizational projects. This article discusses a longitudinal case study (2012–2016) of an interorganizational project in the utility sector. The findings of the study describe four practices that both enabled and constrained change. The contribution of the article is an extension of our understanding of change and resistance in projects with the introduction of the notion of productive resistance and the notion that employees can be change agents and middle managers can be resisters.
The Influence of Behavioral Competencies on Project Performance
Authors: Gruden Nika , Stare Aljaž
Published: July 2018

To raise awareness of the value of behavioral competencies of project managers, we carried out a quantitative survey to identify the importance and influence of competencies on efficient project performance. We were also interested to learn whether or not managers are aware of the importance of competencies and which competence they consider to be the most crucial of all. Data were collected via a web-based questionnaire in which respondents evaluated levels of behavioral competencies, reported on the performance of projects in their enterprises, and provided opinions on the competencies’ importance. Regression analysis identified the most influential competencies and verified the overall impact of behavioral competencies on project performance. As shown by the research, the most important competence was project manager assertiveness.
Using Decision Support Systems for Delay Analysis: The Project Management Perception Program
Authors: Yates Janet K. , Audi John H.
Published: July 2018

This paper discusses the use of decision support systems and their application in the area of project management. Not only can computers be used to provide scheduling data, but they also can provide a consistent, detailed, and systematic analysis of progress; help predict delays; provide possible causes of delays; and provide suggestions on ways to prevent further delays and corrective actions. Decision support systems can provide a well-documented analysis of project delays and help with the data collection process. In order to demonstrate the usefulness of decision support systems, a program called the Project Management Perception is also discussed. This decision support system allows incorporation of the knowledge of experts in the field of project controls into the delay analysis model. Knowledge bases can be used within the program to perform evaluations that are normally performed manually. By computerizing these traditionally manual processes, the computer system can test for multiple influences that affect the project and search for trends, exceptions, comparisons, and patterns that indicate problems.
Optimal Resource Allocation for Projects
Authors: Carbno Collin
Published: July 2018

Out of the opportunities available management must decide which ones will be pursued and how many resources will be assigned to each. Usually, these opportunities (projects) are evaluated for economic feasibility, and then the favorable ones pursued. Several questions arise regarding the allocation of available resources to the approved projects: In which order should the projects be done, or should they be done concurrently? How many resources should be assigned to each project? Given the multitude of factors affecting such decisions, one would expect complex formulas to describe the optimal allocation of resources. Contrary to expectations, the formulas describing optimal allocation are intelligible and practical in use.
A Learning Framework for Project Management
Authors: Kotnour Tim
Published: July 2018

The contribution of this paper is a framework for understanding and practicing learning in a project environment. The framework includes the goals, processes, and tools for learning. The project management and learning processes are described using the plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycle from quality management. The PDSA cycle is used to define the learning process that occurs within and between projects. Data from a survey of practicing project managers supports the learning framework by providing an assessment of project management practices. Four implications are provided for project managers to use in focusing the learning activities of a project team.
Non-invasive assessment of liver disease in rats using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging: a feasibility study
Authors: Hoy Anna M. , McDonald Natasha , Lennen Ross J. , Milanesi Matteo , Herlihy Amy H. , Kendall Timothy J. , Mungall William , Gyngell Michael , Banerjee Rajarshi , Janiczek Robert L. , Murphy Philip S. , Jansen Maurits A. , Fallowfield Jonathan A.
Published: July 2018

Non-invasive quantitation of liver disease using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could refine clinical care pathways, trial design and preclinical drug development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of multiparametric MRI in experimental models of liver disease. Liver injury was induced in rats using 4 or 12 weeks of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication and 4 or 8 weeks on a methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet. Liver MRI was performed using a 7.0 Tesla small animal scanner at baseline and specified timepoints after liver injury. Multiparametric liver MRI parameters [T1 mapping, T2* mapping and proton density fat fraction (PDFF)] were correlated with gold standard histopathological measures. Mean hepatic T1 increased significantly in rats treated with CCl4 for 12 weeks compared to controls [1122±78 ms versus 959±114 ms; d=162.7, 95% CI (11.92, 313.4), P=0.038] and correlated strongly with histological collagen content (rs=0.717, P=0.037). In MCD diet-treated rats, hepatic PDFF correlated strongly with histological fat content (rs=0.819, P<0.0001), steatosis grade (rs=0.850, P<0.0001) and steatohepatitis score (rs=0.818, P<0.0001). Although there was minimal histological iron, progressive fat accumulation in MCD diet-treated livers significantly shortened T2*. In preclinical models, quantitative MRI markers correlated with histopathological assessments, especially for fatty liver disease. Validation in longitudinal studies is required.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Effect of Mono-Substituents in Heptaisobutyl-Substituted Polyhedral Octasilsesquioxanes on Orientationally Disordered Phase Transition
Authors: Morimoto Satoshi , Imoto Hiroaki , Kanaori Kenji , Naka Kensuke
Published: July 2018

A series of mono-functionalized polyhedral octasilsesquioxane (POSS) derivatives (R-POSSs) were prepared by corner capping reaction of heptaisobutyl incompletely condensed POSS and their orientationally disordered (OD) phase transition properties studied by DSC, XRD, and solid state NMR analyses. According to DSC analysis, octaisobutyl-POSS (iBu-POSS) showed the highest OD phase transition temperature among R-POSSs, whereas the OD phase transition temperatures decreased with replacing the mono-substituents smaller and larger than the isobutyl unit. The solid state NMR analysis suggests that the OD phase transition was caused by increasing the mobility of the substituent not by rotating the POSS cage. The composite films were prepared by drop-casting of a chloroform solution of PMMA with heptaisobutyl-butyl-POSS (Bu-POSS). No appearance change of films was observed despite the heating and cooling of the films on the hotplate due to the absence of drastic density difference below and above the OD phase transition.
Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem: as representações sociais dentro das pesquisas em enfermagem no contexto atual
Authors: Da Silva Silvio Eder Dias , Dos Santos Arielle Lima , Dias Brenda Jamille Costa , Furtado Igor Peniche , Ribeiro Ilana Sudária de Oliveira , Seidel Manuela Almeida , Da Costa Joel Lobato
Published: July 2018

Introdução: A Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem (ABEn) foi fundada em 12 de agosto de 1926, com o propósito de defender e consolidar a Educação em Enfermagem, a Enfermagem como prática social e a investigação científica. Objetivo: Expor um panorama geral acerca da história da ABEn e suas contribuições para a Enfermagem brasileira. Metodologia: Para a construção deste trabalho, foi realizada uma revisão de literaturas e artigos durante o mês de agosto de 2017, nas bases de dados: BDEnf e LILACS. Resultados: A partir dos cruzamentos dos dados realizados, foram encontrados os seguintes resultados disponíveis em bases de dados de 20 artigos completos, e escritos em língua Portuguesa, 19 artigos. Discussão: Pôde ser observado o desenvolvimento da instituição desde que foi fundada e suas mudanças no decorrer do tempo. Conclusão: A explanação da história da ABEn é de grande importância para que, assim, seja compreendido todo o processo histórico da representatividade dada ao segmento da enfermagem.
Prevalência de Streptococcus agalactiae em gestantes atendidas em clínicas particulares em Caxias do Sul/RS
Authors: Capellin Géssica , Rodrigues Adriana Dalpicolli , Bortolini Giovana Vera
Published: July 2018

Introdução: A colonização por Streptococcus agalactiae em pacientes durante a gestação é um fator considerado grave para o recém-nascido. Essa bactéria em contato com o neonato é capaz de causar infecções neonatais graves, como sepse, pneumonia e meningite, principalmente em situações de parto prematuro e ruptura de membranas, quando não se tem tempo hábil para a realização do diagnóstico de colonização. Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência de colonização por S. agalactiae em gestantes atendidas em clínicas particulares no município de Caxias do Sul. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal e retrospectivo realizado entre janeiro de 2015 e janeiro de 2016, no qual foram analisados prontuários de pacientes gestantes. Resultados: Foram avaliados 174 prontuários de pacientes gestantes, nos quais 6,90% das pacientes apresentaram culturas positivas para S. agalactiae e 93,10% foram negativas. Para as pacientes positivas, observou-se que o antibiótico mais frequentemente utilizado foi a penicilina. Avaliaram-se, também, casos de infecções do trato urinário e observou-se que cinco gestantes, também colonizadas por S. agalactiae, tiveram infecção urinária, todas por Escherichia coli. Conclusões: O número de resultados positivos para S. agalactiae na pesquisa realiza foi baixo. As pacientes avaliadas não apresentaram complicações gestacionais ou para o concepto provavelmente devido às medidas profiláticas realizadas. Correlacionando o resultado deste trabalho com outros realizados no Brasil, percebeu-se a deficiência de estudos mais completos acerca dessa temática, os quais levam em consideração a idade gestacional, o sítio de coleta, o método utilizado para diagnóstico, bem como a utilização de metodologias confirmatórias.
Anxious phenotype potentiates damage in peripheral organs of animals submitted to sepsis
Authors: Michels Monique , Ávila Pricila , Michelon Cleonice , Burger Henrique , Sonai Beatriz , Abatti Mariane , Bilesimo Rafaela , Millioli Maria vitoria , Fucilini Vanessa , Steckert Amanda , Fernandez Jesus landeira , Dal-pizzol Felipe
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Anxiety and sepsis are important public health problems that present high morbidity, mortality and significant economic repercussions. The present study investigated the presence of oxidative damage in peripheral organs in two lines of animals that are bred for high and low freezing responses to contextual cues that are previously associated with foot shock (Carioca High-conditioned Freezing [CHF] and Carioca Low-conditioned Freezing [CLF]) associated to sepsis. Methods: Animals were subject to sepsis by the cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) or sham operated. 24 hours and 10 days after sepsis animals were euthanized and removed adrenal, kidney, lung, serum, heart for the determination of carbonyl protein levels and adrenal for check weight this structure. Results: Sepsis increased oxidative damage in different systemic organs, included serum. There wasn’t a significant increase in protein carbonyls in heart and kidney. Anxious phenotype potentiates this damage. Conclusion: These findings suggest that an anxious phenotype plus sepsis may induce more pronounced organs damage, and promote more alterations in the HPA axis. These findings may help to explain, at least in part, the common point of the mechanisms involved with the pathophysiology of sepsis and anxiety.
Η ΟΡΘΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΔΙΑΤΡΟΦΗ ΤΩΝ ΟΡΝΙΘΩΝ ΒΑΣΕΙ ΤΗΣ ΠΑΡΑΓΩΓΗΣ ΑΥΤΩΝ
Authors: ΔΗΜΑΚΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Ι. , ΚΑΛΑΪΣΑΚΗΣ Π.
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
Η ΛΟΙΜΩΔΗΣ ΒΡΟΓΧΙΤΙΣ ΤΩΝ ΝΕΟΣΣΩΝ ΕΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΙ
Authors: ΑΫΦΑΝΤΗΣ Σ.
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΤΟ ΖΗΤΗΜΑ ΤΗΣ ΙΠΠΟΦΑΓΙΑΣ ΕΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΙ
Authors: ΚΟΕΜΤΖΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Ν.
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
Η ΠΤΩΣΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΘΕΡΜΟΚΡΑΣΙΑΣ ΤΟΥ ΣΩΜΑΤΟΣ ΩΣ ΚΡΙΤΗΡΙΟΝ ΕΠΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΥ ΤΟΚΕΤΟΥ
Authors: ΔΗΜΑΚΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Ι. , ΚΑΛΑΪΣΑΚΗΣ Π. , ΠΑΠΑΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΥ Τ.
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
Tackling human and animal health threats through innovative vaccinology in Africa
Authors: Warimwe George M. , Purushotham Jyothi , Perry Brian D. , Hill Adrian V.S. , Gilbert Sarah C. , Dungu Baptiste , Charleston Bryan
Published: July 2018

Africa bears the brunt of many of the world’s most devastating human and animal infectious diseases, a good number of which have no licensed or effective vaccines available. The continent’s potential to generate novel interventions against these global health threats is however largely untapped. Strengthening Africa’s vaccine research and development (R&D) sector could accelerate discovery, development and deployment of effective countermeasures against locally prevalent infectious diseases, many of which are neglected and have the capacity to spread to new geographical settings. Here, we review Africa’s human and veterinary vaccine R&D sectors and identify key areas that should be prioritized for investment, and synergies that could be exploited from Africa’s veterinary vaccine industry, which is surprisingly strong and has close parallels with human vaccine R&D.
Peter Tonks reflects on his career in psychiatric services
Authors: Brotherton Hope
Published: July 2018

On 11 August 1947, Peter Tonks joined the health service as a member of the admin staff. At this time, he was responsible for general office duties. Just under a year later Peter's hospital, Rubery Hill, in Birmingham, became nationalised.
Inefficiencies and waste in a neurosurgical clinic
Authors: Dapaah Andrew , Ashpole Richard David
Published: July 2018

Background:

The NHS comes under much scrutiny, in particular relating to its cost. This article examined inefficiencies in a clinic setting, and assessed their contribution to financial waste and waiting list length.

Methods:

Waste due to various clinician, patient, administrative and technological factors was recorded in one consultant's clinics, at two hospitals, over a 28-month period. Results were analysed, and quantified according to the costs for new and follow up patient appointments.

Results:

Four out of 103 consecutive clinics were waste-free. Seventy-three hours of total waste was identified, the equivalent of £34 943.89 – £43 804.59, of which non-attendance contributed 52.4%. The average waste generated in clinical time over 12 months was equivalent to the 9-month waiting list for the assessed consultant.

Conclusion:

Waste in both money and clinical time is generated through inefficiencies in the clinic setting. Addressing these inefficiencies service-wide could reduce waiting lists and make large financial savings.
Children are the future…
Authors: Allingham Sue
Published: July 2018

Sometimes, the news does not have to be current to have an impact on the working lives of early years practitioners, indeed, the ramifications of recent events look set to leave a lasting impression.
You have permission to think outside of the box
Authors: Lee Maureen
Published: July 2018

Reflecting on where we have come from and where we could be going, is not just a luxury, says Maureen Lee of Best Practice Network, a view strengthened by a recent visit to Reggio Emilia.
Learning to be a writer: why play really matters
Authors: Smith Kate , Jackson Kim
Published: July 2018

To be a writer, children need experiences similar to those associated with play – testing skills through trial and error, exploring ideas imaginatively and creating something providing a sense of accomplishment.
Handling bereavement and death in the early years
Authors: Webster Chloe
Published: July 2018

As early years professionals, death is not something we often consider dealing with as part of our role, but it is sadly a fact of life and something that so many of us will deal with in our careers at some point.
Laughing all the way to the early learning goals
Authors: Barber Jenny
Published: July 2018

Over the years, there have been several research studies that revealed have that when children laugh it enhances their attention, motivation, perception, memory, and learning. So let us embrace it.
Physical development – Limited or limitless?
Authors: Allingham Sue
Published: July 2018

We, unwittingly, limit children every day. It can happen through the language we use, it sometimes happens through the rules and routines we set up, or that are put in place for us. It commonly happens through planning.
End ban on childcare by relatives
Authors: Kalitowski Susanna
Published: July 2018

PACEY is calling on the government to harmonise the criteria for using childcare provided by relatives, so that parents in England can use related childminders for the early education and childcare scheme.
Try and second guess me
Authors: Brown Paula
Published: July 2018

Children use guesses to form hypotheses about the world and their place in it. Here we look at the different types, how they influence us, and how we, as practitioners, can help maximise their learning.
Saving the day at night
Authors: Leeper Marion
Published: July 2018

In this short series of articles we will be looking at popular culture and how we engage with it in early years settings. For example, do we turn our nose up at superhero books, or do we embrace them?
Dingle dangle scarecrow
Authors: Davies Sarah
Published: July 2018

How do you keep birds and other predators away from crops? Humans have been trying different methods since the dawn of farming, but one particular method has become popular the world over.
It's a reading good feeling
Authors: Clarke Jenni
Published: July 2018

This article shares a number of ideas on how to provide opportunities for young children to read for pleasure, so when they are ready, they will have the motivation and foundations in story to perservere.
A chance to see the sights
Authors: Harries Judith
Published: July 2018

The first in a series of articles that will explore the classic five senses, introduces ways to investigate and explore each sense alongside cross-curricular activities to reinforce learning – this month, sight.
The process of non-resilience in a spinal cord injury population in Iran: a grounded theory
Authors: Rasa Amir Rahmani , Haghgoo Hojjat Allah , Khankeh Hamidreza , Hosseini Seyed Ali
Published: July 2018

Aims/Background:

Rehabilitation of spinal cord injury focuses on resilience in all aspects of daily living. In order to improve functional outcomes, obstacles to achieving resilience must be recognised. This study explored the process of non-resilience in a spinal cord injury population in Iran.

Methods:

This qualitative study was part of a grounded theory study. The experiences of 24 participants, including 16 people with spinal cord injury, and 8 people with spinal care experience (3 caregivers, 2 occupational therapists, 1 physiotherapist, 1 social worker and 1 nurse), were explored through in-depth, semi-structured interviews. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using constant comparative analysis.

Findings:

Seven main concepts emerged from analysis of the interviews: lack of essential knowledge, dependence, psychosexual preoccupation, confusion, lack of accommodation, inappropriate feedback, and inability to adapt. Social deprivation was found to be the participants' main concern.

Conclusion:

Resilience requires adaptation in all areas of daily living. Detecting barriers to resilience is important in planning rehabilitation programmes in people with a spinal cord injury. Improving social support for people with a spinal cord injury can promote their mobility within the community and mental health.