bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectives of Prison Privatization as a Solution to the Prison System Crisis in Croatia
Authors: Pavić Ivica
Published: July 2017

This paper presents arguments supporting the statement that the Croatian prison system has been in a crisis for years and presents pros and cons of introducing prison privatization as a possible solution/remedy as observed by researchers, journalists, government officials and the prison staff and prisoners themselves in other countries that have previously introduced or still use private prisons as a way of dealing with excess number of prisoners, which, in vast majority of cases, was/is the primary, but not the only incentive for turning to the private sector for help. The initial section of the paper focuses on defining the terms „prison system crisis“ and „prison privatization“ and classifying the possible models of prison privatization based on available research papers and articles published from the late 1980s onward, after which an brief overview of the prison privatization process worldwide since the beginning of the modern prison privatization process is given. The central part of the paper gives: 1) an answer to whether prison privatization is even legally achievable in Croatia, and if not, what changes need to be done in that regard, and 2) an overview of the overall condition of the prison system in Croatia based on several parameters as they change through the years (2005-2014). Parameters presented, defined and analysed include, but not exclusively: available prisons and penitentiaries, prison capacity, prison population, prisoner flow, imprisonment rate, remand prison, misdemeanour prison, supletory prison, recidivism rate, parole, prison violence, suicide attempts, the use of force, staff-to-inmate ratio, staff turnover rates, etc. The final section of the paper is dedicated to presenting arguments for and against prison privatization. In the conclusion the author gives his insight on the current situation with the Croatian prison system and whether Croatia should experiment with prison privatization.
Differences on Emotional and Behavioral Problems Among 10-12 Years Old Children – Parents’ Report
Authors: Fili Evis
Published: July 2017

Aim: To explore the differences in age and gender on emotional and behavioral broad band scales of children 10-12 years old. It was hypothesized that there will be differences between girls and boys and between ages. Methods: We used CBCL (6-18 years) the 2001 edition (Achenbach - Rescorla, 2001) to collect the data. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, Pearson correlation, T-test, and ANOVA were used to explore and analyse the differences. The sample included 236 children (123 or 52.1% boys and 113 or 47.9% girls), with a mean age of 11 years (SD .835). From 236 parents participated in the study, 92 of them or 39.0 % were mothers, while only 144 of them or 61.0 % were fathers. The parents voluntarily completed the questionnaire. Results: There were found no differences on broad band scales of emotional and behavioral problems, regarding the age and gender of children.
Regional Security Complex: The Macedonian Context
Authors: M. Xheladini Fatmir
Published: July 2017

The traditional concepts of security analysis addresses concerns that deal with security at the state level leaving ample room for the concerns regarding security aspects that are not addressed through these lenses appropriately. The challenges that international system of security is facing range in variety from ones that are different in form to the time sequence that they appear in a different space and geographical location. These may include factors that are objective and subjective and as such they characterize the nature of relationships between states. Behavior of the states may at times include an action that conceptualizes within a geographical framework based on attributes that states poses. Given this, Buzan has presented the idea of security complex that is defined as a group of states in which perceptions and key concerns over security are interrelated. In this context the security complex is tied together through geographical, political, historical economic and cultural issues amongst others. Hence regional issues have an important role in the building of security logic for countries individually or in a group and may impact the formulation of policies internally or externally. Based on these considerations in this article we analyze the security issues of Macedonia and how they reflect upon the wider security agenda of the countries in the region in a two-way reflection.
Raising Awareness for Gender Equality in Hindu Marriage
Authors: Kaydani Maryam
Published: July 2017

The Hindu marriage has been one of the controversial issues among activities. Marriage in Hindu community is considered as holy and very significant social institution. In real, it is a commercial exchange and at large a marketplace populated by high demanding groom family. The paper aims to give a comprehensive account of problems that Hindu girls encounter during their marriage and within their marriage life. Apparently, Hindu marriage is between two families rather two people. More or less girls have no right to object. As a result girls mostly get married at earliest opportunity and they are forced into relationship as such most of marriage is based on parent’s decision rather than mutuality of sentiment or emotional attachment. Therefore, prepubescent girls are often oppressed by bridegroom and his family members. In this sort of relationship, girls are financially dependent which develop their suppression. Data for this paper has drawn from in-depth interviews conducted with 120 married women of aged 12-20 years living in two Indian states who got married since 2005. Participants were randomly selected for interview if the woman was married before the ages of 15 years. Findings underscore the need to raise awareness of the negative outcomes of child marriage and to build support among girls and their families for delaying marriage, to enforce existing laws on the minimum age at marriage and to encourage other authorities to support young women in negotiating with their parents to delay marriage and eliminate child marriage.
The Civil War in Greece and Relations with Albania According to the Communist Press During 1948 – 1949
Authors: Nilaj Marsel
Published: July 2017

During 1948-1949 relations with Greece were very tense in the postwar period of World War II. The positioning of the two countries in two different camps, respectively Albania in the Socialist Camp and Greece in the Western Camp, lead to even more severe relations between these two countries. The Greek Civil War, fought between two Greek groups, the democratic and the communist one, also involved Albania in the propaganda as supporting the right wing of the Communist Greek. Such a propaganda was retaliated by the Greeks in the Albanian territory, for a few days in the Albanian land. The Albanian press of that time was very much involved by mainly giving information of the propaganda oriented towards Moscow, rather than about the immediate risk the country was directly facing. In many cases, the war and the threat it imposed was transformed and far away from reality. The press of that time mostly transmitted what Stalinist Moscow directed, rather than the truth. It was Stalinist Moscow the place which Enver Hoxha held as the orienting point, especially after breaking relations a few months ago with the Communist Yugoslavian state. The Communist press of that time was more preoccupied about the advancement of the Greek communist forces, rather than the threat the democratic wing imposed by approaching the Albanian border. This showed that the Albanian State was displaying itself since the first steps as being indoctrinated and related to the ideology and not to the threat imposed to the Albanian nation. The communist press of that time varied in numbers and kinds, displayed in every newspaper or magazine the success of the Greek communism. Such a problem is also presented in the British parliament as an unfair action from the Albanian state
Educational Practice for the Pupils’ Motivation, for the Realisation of the Meaningful Reading
Authors: Qafa Adriana
Published: July 2017

In this study, I will present some ideas on today educational practice for the pupils’ motivation, for the realization of the meaningful reading. There is a special place for the methodical ranking of the reading process, from the beginning in the school age until to expressive reading as the highest place of the literature reading; the main requests of this reading, like the deep meaning of the subject, exploration of the idea, and the other elements of the subject, implementation of the technique’s rules of the expressive reading, such as breathing, voice, diction, intonation, spelling, stoppages, logical emphasizes, emotional expressions, temper, timber, gesticulations, and mimic. There is also highlighted the fact that the used method comes from the pupils’ results and depends on the capability and level of the teacher, from the programming’s scale, the tools that are put into disposition, the age and the level of the pupils, and from the environment that the teacher creates during the courses. At the end, there are some practical guidelines for the realization of the expressive reading in the literature subject.
The Importance of Insurance Premium Payment Moment, One of the Key Elements of Insurance Contract and the Respective Problematic
Authors: Bylykbashi Juliana
Published: July 2017

The goal of this paperwork refers to civil specific legal insurance relationships, like premium payment. The motive to deal with this aspect comes because of various doctrinal interpretations and especially because of some legal situations which present problematics in its definition according to Albanian civil legislation which provides insurance contract and its interpretations encountered during the Albanian judicial practice. The questions coming up dealing this issue are: Depending on premium payment moment, how is the insurance contract classified, as a consensual or a real one? On the other side, depending on the answer of the first question, when an insurance contract is considered valid: when the deal is concluded or once the premium is paid? And in the end, according to the answers of the aforementioned questions, there comes an important issue, the one of determining the time when the insurer responsibility starts toward the insured, regarding the contract conclusion, as provided in Article 1124 of the Civil Code of Republic of Albania, or premium payment, either partial or full premium payment, which is the principal reasons that precedes the initial of insurer’s responsibility. This paperwork is basically relied on doctrinal interpretations regarding the abovementioned questions, the interpretation of Albanian Courts of Articles 1124 and 1125 of the Civil Code of Republic of Albania, and on courts decision upon these issues.
Rethinking National Identities in Divided Societies of Post-Ottoman Lands: Lessons from Lebanon and Cyprus
Authors: Duba Gulay Umaner , Köprülü Nur
Published: July 2017

The communal identities rooted in the millet system are still salient in post-Ottoman lands. Cyprus and Lebanon offer two cases where ethnic and sectarian identities are more prominent than national identities. In this respect both countries represent highly divided societies in post-Ottoman territories. This article discusses the failure of power-sharing systems in Cyprus and Lebanon, arguing that the lack of cultivation of a common national identity at the founding of these republics remains even today a central obstacle to implementing stable multinational/sectarian democratic systems. As a part of Greater Syria, today’s Lebanon is a homeland to many ethnic and sectarian communities. Lebanese politics historically has been governed by a system of consociationalism, which prevents any one group from dominating the political system. This system of power sharing dates back to the 1943 National Pact, and as a result of the sectarian nature of this arrangement, religious communal identities have a stronger pull than a Lebanese national identity. These communal identities crystallized over the course of a 14-year civil war, and were exacerbated by the assassination of former Prime Minister Rafiq al-Hariri in 2005. In the case of Cyprus, the possibility of cultivating a shared national identity between Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots has historically been suppressed by kin-state relations and colonial policies which have, in turn, resulted in inter-communal conflict. An understanding of this conflict and the nature of the nationalisms of each community helps explain how the 1960 Constitution of a bi-communal and consociational Republic of Cyprus hindered inter-communal relations – a precondition for the cultivation of a common national identity – and ultimately failed. From enosis to taksimto the April 2004 referendum on the UN’sAnnan Plan, the contentious interaction between external constraints and collective self-identification processes subsequently reinforced ethno-religious identifications. Through an examination of such processes, this article aims to identify and illuminate the shifting forces that shape deeply divided societies in general, and that have shaped Cyprus and Lebanon in particular. Understanding such forces may help break down barriers to the development of common national narratives.
The Importance of Clinical Psychologist in the Process of Divorce
Authors: MUSTAFARAJ Jonida
Published: July 2017

The Family Code in Section 6, 155 is foreseen to include clinical psychologist in the process of divorce in court in cases where the parties are in conflict, when it is claimed elements of physical and psychological violence perpetrated by one or both parties towards each - other or child. The aim of this study was to reveal the importance of the involvement of a clinical psychologist in the process of divorce. So study aims to highlight the necessity of the presence of a clinical psychologist in the process of divorce within the framework of the general principles of the Family Code as long as it guarantees the right to be heard by the parties involved they also guarantee the right presence of a psychologist in the process. The study was conducted on the basis of qualitative methods which deal mostly with history and stories and include subjective meanings, feelings, thoughts and beliefs. The approach used in the study is the epistemological interpretation. Qualitative data were collected on an examination of 60 cases of divorces filed in the District Court of Elbasan in the period January - May 2016. This study emphasized the importance and necessity of a clinical psychologist as an expert in the process of divorce as the expertise provided is a guarantee of the process and respect for the rights of the child in the first place and for the parties involved in the process.
Virtual vs. Traditional Environments and Their Influence on Students’ Listening Performance in a Foreign Language – A Case Study in Albania
Authors: Pema Olsa
Published: July 2017

The essential role of the listening competence in Second Language Teaching, and the new rhythm of advancement in the new Internet epoch call for a paradigmatic reform of teachers’ roles, contents and functions in teaching listening skill in order to guarantee a successful forward-looking process. Considering this context, this study highlights an innovative academic experience in Albania consisting of a special class website integrated in teaching English listening skills to Albanian university students as well as creating and implementing a demanding listening curriculum at an FCE level; this project and the analysis of its results follow a comparative approach at all stages. This paper aims at examining the efficiency of website compared with traditional means of teaching listening in English, by analyzing and assessing the difference between the level of the experimental group’s performance and that of the control group during the listening practice. The actual comparison of results, which involves the assessment of their scores in two special tests, one taken before the project and one after its completion, shows that both learning environments have their merits in helping them progress with their listening competence. However, the amount of progress made by the students of the two groups is not identical, as there is a significant difference in favour of the experimental group, which, as our statistical analysis carried out by the help of the SPSS program shows, is ample proof of the advantage that the use of websites brings to the process of developing one’s listening competence in a foreign language.
Social Contract: Sovereign Contracted or Created? - Comparative Analysis Between T. Hobbes and S. Pufendorf
Authors: Kalemaj Eriseld
Published: July 2017

This paper has in its focus the notion of 'Sovereign'. The discussion will be conducted within the "School of Natural Law", which we will focus on two representatives; Thomas Hobbes and Samuel Pufendorf. Through a comparative philosophical analysis, we are going to stop on the basics, the genesis of sovereign power. Political philosophy in the context of finding the source of sovereign power is a problem in the landmark of the unsolvable. ” Scool of Natural Law” referring to the natural condition has the solution to this problem. Compare lines will start from this premise, to know after, how the reason goas towards two different concepts of “Social Contract”. Contract which generates sovreigen person, it defines the nature and content of the power of this person. At this discourse, social contract as the core hub of transition, conversion to the state of nature in a civil context is rolling between the political and juridical character. Discussion, which essentially make us know the nature of the relationship between the Sovereign and members of society, sovereign and state, the member of society between each other. In other words, we will see how the political - legal forms of organization, the way of governing is determined by the nature of initial social contract
Partocracy or Democracy: A Popperian Perspective of Democracy in Albania
Authors: Ibraimllari Suela
Published: July 2017

"If the idea of democracy is sustainable, its implementation is uncertain, " says Cister, in order to highlight the fact that, despite efforts of different societies to consolidate their democracy, the democracy as a governance system, continues to be at risk. In this context, this research paper aims to identify, argue and analyze the level of the Albanian democracy development, which is consolidating a declined democracy system, that of partocracy. To develop this discussion, we are focused on the examination and recognition of the above two systems, which in terms of Albanian democracy, put in front of each-other, two theses in the field of political philosophy, that of Karl Popper and Mauro Calise. The comparison and recognition of these philosophical theses will guide the study of Albanian model of democracy. This discussion will go through philosophical theses, based on indicators of democracy that are: pluralism, voting system and decentralization of powers.
Sustainable Opportunities of Educational Facilities Provided to the Imprisoned Women’s Children in Karachi’s Central Jail
Authors: Faizi Waqar Un Nisa , Shakeel Anila Fatima , Karim Rabia Abdul
Published: July 2017

This study will discuss the sustainable opportunities regarding educational facilities provided to the children of imprisoned women in the different jails of Pakistan particularly in Central Jail of Karachi. It will also discuss the importance of educational facilities which are required for the mental and personal growth of the children as education has the capability to enhance the general knowledge and the personality of any individual. Education is extremely important for the children whether they live in a society or in prison, because they are the future of any country. So, the point of discussion in this paper will be the provision of educational facilities and sustainable opportunities regarding these facilities to the children of imprisoned women in Karachi and other countries of the world.
Verbal Groups of Telic Action in Albanian Language
Authors: Prendushi Gjilda Alimhilli
Published: July 2017

In this article I introduce and analyze the syntactic behaviour (compatibility and restrictions) of achievement and accomplishment verbs in standard Albanian, according to Aktionsart. The Aktionsart is a system of classification of verbs into verbal classes morphologically distinct from each other, in which at the basic meaning of the verb are added different values of space, quality, etc. The accomplishments and achievements in Albanian have comparable action meaning and syntactic behavior, such as to justify their inclusion in the class of telic verbs. A telic verb is that one which presents an action or event as being completed in some manner. On the other hand, these two subclasses of telics are also characterized on the basis of a series of distinctive elements that lead us to lay a certain distinction between them. An accomplishment verb is a form that expresses that something or someone has undergone a change in state as the result of the completion of an event. On the other side an achievement verbs express an instant action that changes the state of the subject. By using the categories and procedures of textual linguistics I focus on the semantic and syntactic features of some groups of verbs.
The Big Bang May Had Never Existed
Authors: Mabkhout Salah A.
Published: July 2017

The main pillar of the Big Bang paradigm is the expansion of the Universe predicted by the cosmological redshift. Singularity is inevitable in the Big Bang model. The Universe is hyperbolic as we did prove mathematically; where the cosmological redshift is no longer a distance indicator. After all, in the hyperbolic spacetime a group of objects would grow apart even when not moving as their worldlines would be divergent. We show the manifold of the hyperbolic Universe is complete with no singular points. While the distance horizon in the Big Bang flat spacetime is finite, the distance horizon is infinite in the hyperbolic universe. The pillars of the big Bang and its consequences had been refuted and disproved or reinterpreted.
Rising Nationalism in the Balkans
Authors: LILA Fejzi
Published: July 2017

Balkans consists of the geographic and demographic diversity of the complex, with division of the region into new states, with local antagonisms. Balkan leaders, the Great Powers would urge the expansion of national states where and when he wanted interest and would not ignore claims it was one nation over another. The process of developing the nationalist movements and the state - forming in the Balkans, starting with the Patriarchies autonomous movements within the Ottoman Empire, involves the movement of Serbs, Greeks, Bulgarians, Romanians and Albanians. The fall of Bonaparte in 1815, was accompanied by significant changes in Europe in the system of international relations, the diplomacy of the Great Powers. Europe was thrown into the system the concert of Europe, after that of Vienna, while the Ottoman Empire was beginning its stagnation, other European powers had begun to feel the threat of Russia's interests in the Middle East. During this period of time the nationalist movement took place in the region. The nationalism confronted Concert of Vienna principles provoking the First World War.
The Organization of the Albanian Education System and the Status of the Italian Language in the Period 1920-1944
Authors: Muceku Albana
Published: July 2017

The article in question reflects in a summarized way the organization of the Albanian education system in the years 1920-1944, as well as the status and position of the Italian language in this system, during that period. The existing interest in the Italian language in Albania is closely related to the old relations the two countries have had. Notwithstanding fluctuations that such relations have undergone, this connection never disappeared. This long-standing relationship is the result of good neighborly ties built and maintained naturally by the people of the two countries. The wish of Ahmet Zog (the king in power at the time) and his cabinet was to create a state based on Western European models. Therefore, there was wide cooperation, not just in the economic and diplomatic field, but also in other areas, particularly concerning relations with the Italian state which at that period was the main supporter of Albania, and also with other western countries. Western European models served to establish and strengthen the Albanian state which had just been taking shape trying to follow the model European-leaning states. Based on historical facts, during the period 1920-1944, the Albanian educational system underwent numerous changes. These changes enabled the Albanian education system to take the form of a more unified and more developed model. The influence of the Italians in Albania was obvious in different fields such as the commercial, economic and social sectors. Given that this period was characterized by the intensification of the relations between Italy and Albania, it was inescapable that this relationship would be manifested also in the field of education. Therefore, this paper intends to demonstrate through historical facts extracted from press articles and publications of the time, the changes to the Albanian education system in the years 1920-1944, as well as the status of the Italian language during this period.Keywords: Albanian education, Italian language, organization, influence, relations.
Identifying Adolescent Problem Gambling Using Latent Variable Techniques
Authors: Frasheri Emil , Shahini Besa
Published: July 2017

Recently disordered gambling is reclassified as an addictive disorder which inter alia affects a little but significant proportion of adolescents. The aim of this study is to identify and assess different levels of gambling severity among adolescent gamblers (N=1157) from middle and high schools of Korca region, utilizing a cross-sectional design and self-report questionnaire. Using Exploratory, Parallel, Reliability and Confirmatory Analysis, the PGSI measurement instrument, designed for these purposes, resulted to be an appropriate unidimensional screening tool of adolescent disordered gambling in terms of psychometric properties. A traditional Latent Class Analysis using the nine PGSI-items as indicators is performed to identify and predict subtypes of adolescent gamblers, classifying them into latent classes based on their problem gambling severity levels. The inclusion of three covariates related to adolescent gambling problems into Latent Class Model improved the model, helping us to better understand the latent structure.
Debt-driven water privatization: The case of Greece
Authors: Pempetzoglou Maria , Patergiannaki Zoi
Published: July 2017

The privatization of water services is a basic conditionality in the structural adjustment programs imposed by international financial institutions, such as the IMF and the World Bank, on indebted countries. In the same sense, the financial assistance that has been offered to Greece from Troika, since the beginning of the financial crisis, in the late 2009, was accompanied by the commitment, to privatize, among others, the two largest public water companies. The consequences of water privatization policies include increases in prices, poor quality of services, little or no investment, rise of income inequality, high levels of corruption, loss of jobs and deterioration of working conditions. Despite the fact that privatization of water supply companies has been proven to be ineffective in many parts of the world and the tendency towards the remunicipalization of water services that has lately been detected, international financial organizations continue to set water privatization as conditionality. The unconstitutionality of the policy and the strong opposition of citizens and unions to water privatization seem to be inefficient to prevent the Greek government to proceed to the establishment of a public-private partnership in the water supply sector.
Family Education
Authors: FAN Chushu
Published: July 2017

Family is the child's first school, the parents are the children's first teacher. Nowadays, in China most families have only one child, the responsibility of parents is not just let the children eat and drink, parents also should bear the task of cultivating children, educating children. About two-thirds of the time spent in the family, family education is earlier than any other form of education, even if the child in the kindergarten, primary school, junior high school and even university, no matter how the living environment changes, family education is the longest and the most important in a person's life.
Free time for seniors as an activating action
Authors: Rynkowska Dorota , Kinal Jarosław
Published: July 2017

Modern civilization is primarily a fast pace of life, a number of changes in human life, the need to face many tasks and Obligations. Free time in contemporary European democratic societies is one of More important non-economic indicators describing the quality of life of citizens (Flora, Noll 1999). Intense activity leads to fatigue, fatigue and sometimes discouragement This to effectively and perform their duties properly and meet the everyday demands, the end is planning zne leisure, entertainment, or leisure time. The sphere of free time fulfills important roles in human life, translated into the quality of the individual and of age Society.This applies to all ages, especially seniors who ruined s are a special category, both adrestatów and Recipients of free time. The demographic processes that we can currently observe in Europe, a Also in many countries around the world, they lead to an increase in number and the proportion of older people in społeczeńst knows. Seniors represent a diverse social group in terms of cultural features, social status, health problems, economic Social. Aging in roses NYM rate, thus roses AD are their needs and forms of activity and lifestyles, Tore correlate with k Date of free timeThe aim of this article is an attempt to present the seniors free time, its functions, types and forms in the context of the activities undertaken by them aktywnoś you.
Innovation in International Business
Authors: Stillo Prof.as.dr.Sonela , Furxhi PhD.Cand. Gentisa , Teneqexhi Doc.Dr. Marinela
Published: July 2017

Nowadays, international business has a relevant role in the global economy. This is due to the connection that international business has with globalization. Also, innovation has a key role in the development of international business. Innovation is considered like the basic dynamic of today economy development. The role of innovation can be evaluated, by other stakeholders who operate in the same market, as an important factor of increasing the company’s value. A country that is interested to has his own innovation in order to develop his national economy, has to establish research and development centres, research institutes , universities, etc. Globalization development is associated with the development of basic rights for the protection and the development of "global products’. Different countries vary in the extent to which they protect intellectual property and enforce intellectual property regulations. The presence of strong, enforceable, consistent property rights serves to make the world flatter. However, as long as significant differences in property rights exist around the globe, the world will be far from flat with respect to innovation.In this paper, we will focus in intellectual property. We will explain what the intellectual property is, and what are the types of intellectual property. Further, we will see the differences in legislation that different countries have in the protection of intellectual property. At the end of this paper we will focus at the innovation of the business in Europe and in Albania.
Investigation of the Psychological Capital of Security Employees by Nationality and Status
Authors: AVCI PhD Cand. Abdülkadir , ERDEM Prof. Dr. Ramazan
Published: July 2017

The concept of psychological capital (PsyCap) recently has attracted a great deal of interest who has been studying on organizational behavior. Psychological capital can be defined as individual’s positive psychological state which contributes both personal and organizational aims and improves human performance. It is accepted that psychological capital has four components: self-efficacy, optimism, hope and resiliency. The purpose of the present study is to examine the associations of psychological capital (PsyCap) of security employees by nationality and status. In this study a cross-sectional survey was conducted using a convenience sample of 336 security employees in a military organization to establish possible relationship between psychological capital and two of demographic variables (nationality and status). The data obtained by the survey was analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 package program. In statistical analyzes, T-test and variance (ANOVA) analyzes were used. The results of the data has showed that resiliency of civil employees differs significantly from officers and noncommissioned officers. The analysis has also showed that self-efficacy and hope of Turkey participants differ significantly from European countries participants. However, no statistically significant difference has been found in resiliency of participant countiries.
Local governments' revenue and expenditure autonomy as a determinant of local public spending on culture. An analysis for Polish rural municipalities
Authors: Kopańska Agnieszka
Published: July 2017

The aim of this paper is to define expenditure and revenue decentralization indicators for Polish municipalities and to analyze if and how the limits of spending and revenue autonomy influence local government spending behaviors. The expenditure decentralization is difficult to measure, that is why the analysis of the effects of limits on spending autonomy are less common in the literature than those which relate to the revenue autonomy. In this paper, I propose indicators of revenue but also expenditure decentralization for Polish municipalities. Using statistical analysis and econometric panel analysis for rural municipalities in years 2000-2014 I study if and how these indicators explain local spending policy. I focus on spending for culture using median voter demand framework. Expenditure for culture is a small part of local budgets, but vital from the social point of view. Municipalities in Poland are important creators of local cultural life, which is especially important in less developed or peripheral regions, where citizens do not have access to private cultural institutions. I present that limits in local governments spending and revenue autonomy influences the local spending behaviors. I found that those limits caused not necessarily effective cost minimizing and create the important problem of horizontal equity. At the same time in less autonomous municipalities spending are less related to citizens demand- so there are problems to attend allocative efficiency. My study presents that the problem of the effects of incomplete expenditure decentralization is very important but poorly recognized in the literature.
Study on Measuring of Real Estate Speculative Bubble: Evidence from Turkey
Authors: Berk Niyazi , Biçen Sabriye , Seyidova Nadire
Published: July 2017

The investor's expectation of future price increases on real estate is causing to further rise of prices. In the 1990s, Turkey’s real estate price / rental income ratio was around 10, now is between 17-20 years. On the other hand, as a result of insufficient innovation and incentive application of industry, some companies have left their core activity and moved to the consruction industry. Studies using time series analysis with Turkey’s data show that GDP growth and interest rates have a great impact on investment decisions of consruction companies. Using Turkstat, Bloomberg and Eurostat data, the empirical part of this study present the relationship between interest rate and GDP growth and consruction investments. The analysis will continue with cross-city-time-series analysis for a sample of 4 well-developed cities of turkey, in terms of construction investments. Finally, measuring the price-to-earnings ratio, the home price-to-rent ratio, the gross rental yield and the house ownership ratio will be compared to those of the metropolitan cities in Europe, whether there is a real estate bubble in Turkey or not.
Classification of European Countries by Economic Freedom Data
Authors: Erilli Assoc. Prof. Necati Alp
Published: July 2017

The Index of Economic Freedom is an annual index and ranking created by The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal in 1995 to measure the degree of economic freedom in the world's nations. According to the web site of Heritage Foundation, Economic freedom is defined as below: In an economically free society, individuals are free to work, produce, consume, and invest in any way they please. In economically free societies, governments allow labor, capital, and goods to move freely, and refrain from coercion or constraint of liberty beyond the extent necessary to protect and maintain liberty itself. Cluster analysis is a method for clustering a data set into groups of similar objects. It is an approach to unsupervised learning and also one of the major techniques in pattern recognition. Hard clustering methods allow each point of the data set to exactly one cluster. In fuzzy clustering, fuzzy techniques are used to cluster the data and with these techniques an object can be classified in more than one cluster. The advantage of fuzzy clustering over classical clustering methods is that it provides more detailed information on the data. In this study, European Countries has been classified with the help of Economic Freedom Data published by Heritage Foundation. Countries are classified according to a five-year period (2013 to 2017) with the help of fuzzy clustering analysis. So that european countries are divided into classes according to their economic freedoms. Also, countries with varying degrees of five-year period have been identified too.
Globalization and Lifelong Learning
Authors: Güneri Dr. Mukadder
Published: July 2017

As we know, the new dimension of relations between societies and developed underdeveloped countries in today's world is expressed by the word "globalization". I think it is not wrong to say that this word covers all the economic, administrative, cultural, social, political words. This multidimensional word is expressed from another point of view, that is, the globalization of the world in terms of economic, administrative, cultural, social and communication, that is, another word of globalization. It began to develop at about the beginning of the 1800s, revived in the 1960s, and developed in parallel with the rapid development of communication technology after 1980, and its development continued rapidly in the last decade. Parallel to the development of communication technology, our world has shrunk, public, local and individual values become shared without boundaries. This has influenced information exchange and learning. For this reason, lifelong learning has become a lifestyle. This lifestyle has brought vitality to the economy, communication, education and transportation in recent years. The number of scientific, economic, administrative, cultural and social activities among the countries has increased. For example, when we look at the recent researches of the travel agencies of Turkey in 2016, people from nearly everywhere in the world entered our country (total 25,352,213) and in the same way our country went to all corners of the world (total 8.062.065). This numerical data belonging only to my country, if we think about the whole world, the result will come out spontaneously. The reality of today's world is not static, but an active life. The reality of today's world is not static, but an active life that always renews itself. In this work, the relevance of globalization to lifelong learning has been examined in a classical way.
Modeling School Uniforms for Public Schools of Blumenau
Authors: Matos Brenda Teresa Porto de
Published: July 2017

This text aims to present one of the extension projects in development at the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Center of Blumenau that is integrated with the Regional Development and Social Interaction Axis, which acts in the interface among the five courses of the center, specially engineering. This axis is responsible for proposing and organizing social interaction activities as well as encouraging cooperative relationships with social groups, economic and productive sectors as well as the community in general, as it is foreseen in the Pedagogical Projects of the Courses (PPCs). The intention of these practices is to build with students and teachers some activities and strategies of intervention in communities, institutions, associated developments or enterprises of the region that result in some knowledge/product for the involved groups, helping the future engineers to operate with a sociotechnical approach.This project in focus, entitled “Modeling school uniforms for public schools of Blumenau”, started in April 2016 and it is to be completed in April of this year, consists of a research and intervention experience in the school community, which is being carried out by two textile engineering fellows, under the guidance of professors from the areas of sociology and textile engineering. The aim is to propose new uniform models for the municipal public network, from the data collection performed through the application of questionnaires with the students of the nine schools that composed the sample group. This model proposal seeks to meet the demands formulated in a socially and ecologically committed way. The technical sheet and drawing results will be delivered to the Education Department of Blumenau, the project partner, and to the schools that are the object of the research and intervention. Therefore, this project expresses a materialization of the link of the "uniform artifact" to the sociotechnical network, giving visibility to the acronym STS (Science, Technology and Society) and bringing the field of social sciences closer to that of the exact sciences.
The Human as the Actor of Love in Mevlana Who is the Bridge of Culture Between East and West
Authors: Öztürk Assoc.Prof.Dr. Emine
Published: July 2017

In universe, there are hidden steps rising up to the sky.Each community has its own step. Each path has its own sky.Each is unaware of another.Skies are a vast, immense country. They are so vast, so infinite that they neither have a beginning or ending.In the first volume of the annotation Tahirü’l-Mevlevi wrote on Mesnevi, he annotates the lines of 10th couplet of Mevlana on love as such “The fire in reed flute and the heave in wine is all the work of love”. There is a well-known hadith among sufis as “I was a hidden treasure, desired to be known and created people.” According to what is indicated by this hadith, love is the sheer reason of the creation of entire universe. Every creature’s love is suitable to its capability and liking. As it is the work of love that the bulbul sings sorrowfully hiding between the leaves of rose, painful heehaw of a donkey while Rolling around in the dust is also the work of love. In a manner of speaking, the former is the love of bulbul (perfect), the latter is the love of donkey (arse). The love is one; however, the beloved varies for the difference in perception. Those varied beloved ones are various reflections of the unique sweet. So to make a Sufi explanation of the couplet: love is again what sets the heart of the wise ablaze and turns the mystery in his heart into ebullition.”1 The aim of the study is to examine Mevlana's view of man in the framework of his understanding of love. For we have believed that there are things to say on Mevlana’s understanding of Love and Human and that love is the underlying reason of his undiscriminating understanding of religions and sects, we felt the need to prepare this text and participate in this symposium. Let us conclude with this couplet of Mevlana that does not discriminate between religions.
The Macro- System Analysis of Social Care Services in Albania, According to An Ecological Perspective
Authors: Avdulaj Phd Cand.Entela
Published: July 2017

This paper, takes in consideration the most important components of the macro system, of social care services in Albania, according to an ecological perspective. It analyzes the impact and the implementation of national legislation, social policy, national strategies, and different models of interventions in the social care services. The ecological model of Bronfenbrenner (1979, 2000), reveals that the devlopment is result of interaction between the person and its environment and varies according to social context. The macro system, one of the component of this context is defined as the set of attitudes, values and social rules imposed by the other subsystems of other levels. Considering the institution as a whole, we identify its macro- system as a set of legislation, social policies and different models. The macro system analysis serves as a starting point for a depth assessment of the social care programs, based on the eco-systemic perspective. There are 24 public residential centers in Albania, which have dual dependence between the central government (State Social Service) and local governments (municipalities). These centers treat and support with services 6 social categories of people in need: children (orphans, abandoned, in vulnerability situation); people with disabilities (children, young and old people); old people; victims of trafficking; victims of domestic violence; families in need. Their establishment and functioning is regulated according to the Albanian legislation, social policies, strategies and standards. Through the study of law, social policies, strategies and standards set, that exist in Albania for social care services and through the interviews with leaders and services specialists, as well, have been identified the models used in the design of legislation and social policies and theirs impact in the development of social care services in Albania. The results showed that despite the changes in legislation and social policy based in a social inclusion perspective, the programs of social care services are not fulfilling this perspective.
Virtual narrative and the Internet of Things
Authors: Shaev Associate. Prof. Yury
Published: July 2017

Internet of Things, as a presenting of physical computer network related objects and interact, acts as an ontological and semiotic phenomenon. The world of things, long regarded in European philosophy and sociology as reprezentator of metaphysical realities, social meanings, the scope of the implementation of status and political aspects, is nowadays relatively independent. Things, on the one hand, continue to perform their semiotic characteristics and realize representational properties, and on the other hand, begin to take their special traits of being specific, embedding in the practice of human interaction and often converting them. Internet of things represents the ability of things to interact with each other. Carrying out specific functions of the person who previously carried out the only by the man, things are less representing the specific individual areas of natural, social, and political life and, increasingly, creating measurement of social, natural and political. These questions require for its solution efforts of the semiotics, ontology and philosophy of information technologies.