bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linking gender, climate change, adaptive capacity, and forest-based communities in Canada
Authors: Reed Maureen G. , Scott Alyssa , Natcher David , Johnston Mark
Published: June 2014

Analyses of climate change and the forest sector have identified the importance of individual actors, institutions, and organizations within communities for effective adaption and climate mitigation. Yet, there remains little recognition of how the internal dynamics of these institutions and organizations are influenced by gender and other social considerations such as age and culture. Research from developing countries and cognate resource sectors suggests that these considerations are critical for enhancing local adaptive capacity. Despite extensive review of forestry research across North America and western Europe, we found almost no research that addresses how differential social capabilities within forest-based communities affect adaptation to climate change. In this paper, we document the potential that gender sensitivity might provide to conceptions and practical applications of adaptive capacity and identify four types of research opportunities to address this gap: (i) developing disaggregated capitals frameworks; (ii) creating inclusive models; (iii) informing social planning; and (iv) understanding gender mainstreaming. Research focused on these opportunities, among others, will provide more robust theoretical understanding of adaptive capacity and strategic interventions necessary for effective adaptation.
Acceptance of E-Resources by the Medical Researchers of International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B)
Authors: Siddike Md. Abul Kalam , Islam Md. Shiful
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this paper is to describe the acceptance of e-resources by the medical researchers of International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) and its objective is to explore the tendency and frequency of using e-resources by them. Also, this article investigates the purposes, impact, influential factors and barriers of using e-resources by the medical researchers of ICDDR,B. A survey has been conducted by using a short and well-structured questionnaire that was distributed among 120 medical researchers in ICDDR,B. We received 96 questionnaires duly filled up by the respondents with a response rate of 79.99%. The gathered data have been analysed and presented using the descriptive analysis techniques of SPSS 20.0. Findings show that the medical researchers of ICDDR,B show positive attitude towards using e-resources, and researchers use e-resources frequently. Results also indicate that e-resources are very useful to the medical researchers, and MEDLINE is the most used database among the medical researchers of ICDDR,B. The study is based on only ICDDR,B and does not cover all medical (public and private) institutions of Bangladesh. Therefore, further studies would be carried out covering public and private medical institutions in Bangladesh.
Inhibitory and Toxic Effects of Volatiles Emitted by Strains ofPseudomonasandSerratiaon Growth and Survival of Selected Microorganisms,Caenorhabditis elegans, andDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Popova Alexandra A. , Koksharova Olga A. , Lipasova Valentina A. , Zaitseva Julia V. , Katkova-Zhukotskaya Olga A. , Eremina Svetlana Iu. , Mironov Alexander S. , Chernin Leonid S. , Khmel Inessa A.
Published: June 2014

In previous research, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by various bacteria into the chemosphere were suggested to play a significant role in the antagonistic interactions between microorganisms occupying the same ecological niche and between bacteria and target eukaryotes. Moreover, a number of volatiles released by bacteria were reported to suppress quorum-sensing cell-to-cell communication in bacteria, and to stimulate plant growth. Here, volatiles produced byPseudomonasandSerratiastrains isolated mainly from the soil or rhizosphere exhibited bacteriostatic action on phytopathogenicAgrobacterium tumefaciensand fungi and demonstrated a killing effect on cyanobacteria, flies (Drosophila melanogaster), and nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans). VOCs emitted by the rhizosphericPseudomonas chlororaphisstrain 449 and bySerratia proteamaculansstrain 94 isolated from spoiled meat were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, and the effects of the main headspace compounds—ketones (2-nonanone, 2-heptanone, 2-undecanone) and dimethyl disulfide—were inhibitory toward the tested microorganisms, nematodes, and flies. The data confirmed the role of bacterial volatiles as important compounds involved in interactions between organisms under natural ecological conditions.
Outcome of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking for Progressive Keratoconus in Paediatric Patients
Authors: Viswanathan Deepa , Kumar Nikhil L. , Males John J.
Published: June 2014

Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy of corneal collagen crosslinking for progressive keratoconus in paediatric patients.Methods. This prospective study included 25 eyes of 18 patients (aged 18 years or younger) who underwent collagen crosslinking performed using riboflavin and ultraviolet-A irradiation (370 nm, 3 mW/cm2, 30 min).Results. The mean patient age was 14.3 ± 2.4 years (range 8–17) and mean followup duration was 20.1 ± 14.25 months (range 6–48). Crosslinked eyes demonstrated a significant reduction of keratometry values. The mean baseline simulated keratometry values were 46.34 dioptres (D) in the flattest meridian and 50.06 D in the steepest meridian. At 20 months after crosslinking, the values were 45.67 D (P=0.03) and 49.34 D (P=0.005), respectively. The best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) and topometric astigmatism improved after crosslinking. Mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) BSCVA decreased from 0.24 to 0.21 (P=0.89) and topometric astigmatism reduced from mean 3.50 D to 3.25 D (P=0.51).Conclusions. Collagen crosslinking using riboflavin and ultraviolet-A is an effective treatment option for progressive keratoconus in paediatric patients. Crosslinking stabilises the condition and, thus, reduces the need for corneal grafting in these young patients.
Overexpression of D-Xylose Reductase (xyl1) Gene and Antisense Inhibition of D-Xylulokinase (xyiH) Gene Increase Xylitol Production inTrichoderma reesei
Authors: Hong Yuanyuan , Dashtban Mehdi , Kepka Greg , Chen Sanfeng , Qin Wensheng
Published: June 2014

T. reeseiis an efficient cellulase producer and biomass degrader. To improve xylitol production inTrichoderma reeseistrains by genetic engineering, two approaches were used in this study. First, the presumptive D-xylulokinase gene inT. reesei(xyiH), which has high homology to known fungi D-xylulokinase genes, was silenced by transformation ofT. reeseiQM9414 strain with an antisense construct to create strain S6-2-2. The expression of thexyiHgene in the transformed strain S6-2-2 decreased at the mRNA level, and D-xylulokinase activity decreased after 48 h of incubation. This led to an increase in xylitol production from undetectable levels in wild-typeT. reeseiQM9414 to 8.6 mM in S6-2-2. TheT. reeseiΔxdh is a xylose dehydrogenase knockout strain with increased xylitol production compared to the wild-typeT. reeseiQM9414 (22.8 mM versus undetectable). The copy number of the xylose reductase gene (xyl1) inT. reeseiΔxdh strain was increased by genetic engineering to create a new strain Δ9-5-1. The Δ9-5-1 strain showed a higherxyl1 expression and a higher yield of xylose reductase, and xylitol production was increased from 22.8 mM to 24.8 mM. Two novel strains S6-2-2 and Δ9-5-1 are capable of producing higher yields of xylitol.T. reeseihas great potential in the industrial production of xylitol.
Sonochemical Approach to Synthesis of Co-B Catalysts and Hydrolysis of Alkaline NaBH4Solutions
Authors: Coşkuner Bilge , Kantürk Figen Aysel , Pişkin Sabriye
Published: June 2014

Co-B catalysts are promising candidates for hydrogen evolution via hydrolysis of alkaline sodium borohydride (NaBH4) solutions. In the present paper, a sonochemical approach was investigated for synthesis of Co-B catalysts and hydrolysis of alkaline NaBH4solutions. Sonochemical application on synthesizing process improved the intrinsic and extrinsic properties of Co-B catalysts such as crystal, spectral, surface area, pore volume, pore diameter, and particle size. Co-B catalysts prepared by sonochemical approach possessed smaller particle size, higher surface area, and higher pore volume than the Co-B catalysts prepared by coprecipitation synthesis. The effects of sonochemical process on hydrolysis of alkaline NaBH4solutions were investigated by Arrhenius theory. It was clearly demonstrated that the advantages of alkaline NaBH4solution sonohydrolysis provide superficial effects on hydrogen evolution kinetic as maximum H2generation rate (HGR) and minimum activation energy (Ea).
Translational Research of Telecare for the Treatment of Hepatitis C
Authors: Chen Wan-Lin , Chiu Wen-Ta , Wu Ming-Shun , Hsu Mei-Huang , Tsai Shin-Han
Published: June 2014

Objective. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a serious health problem in Taiwan. The high dropout rate due to side effects limits the efficacy of treatment. The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of telecare for the treatment of chronic hepatitis.Material and Methods. Two hundred and ninety-eight patients randomly chose either of the two support programs. Group 1 was offered public health nurse consultation at outpatient clinic. Group 2 was offered telecare program with 24 hours of consultation services via a health communication center. All patients were treated with standard therapy and followed up for 72 weeks.Results. Normalization of serum biochemistry was noted in both Group 1 (150 patients) and Group 2 (148 patients). The most common types of side effect in both groups were influenza-like symptoms. Patient compliance was 88% (Group 1) and 94.6% (Group 2). Total dropout cases were 18 (12%) in Group 1 and 8 (5.4%) in Group 2. The program costs were 232,632 USD (Group 1) and 112,500 USD (Group 2).Conclusion. Telecare system with health care communication center model is significant in reducing dropout rate and is more effective with easy access.
Immunological Dysregulation in Multiple Myeloma Microenvironment
Authors: Romano Alessandra , Conticello Concetta , Cavalli Maide , Vetro Calogero , La Fauci Alessia , Parrinello Nunziatina Laura , Di Raimondo Francesco
Published: June 2014

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a systemic hematologic disease due to uncontrolled proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells (PC) in bone marrow (BM). Emerging in other solid and liquid cancers, the host immune system and the microenvironment have a pivotal role for PC growth, proliferation, survival, migration, and resistance to drugs and are responsible for some clinical manifestations of MM. In MM, microenvironment is represented by the cellular component of a normal bone marrow together with extracellular matrix proteins, adhesion molecules, cytokines, and growth factors produced by both stromal cells and PC themselves. All these components are able to protect PC from cytotoxic effect of chemo- and radiotherapy. This review is focused on the role of immunome to sustain MM progression, the emerging role of myeloid derived suppressor cells, and their potential clinical implications as novel therapeutic target.
Progress, Challenge, and Perspective of Bimetallic TiO2‐Based Photocatalysts
Authors: Zielińska-Jurek Anna
Published: June 2014

Bimetallic TiO2‐based photocatalysts have attracted considerable attention in recent years as a class of highly active catalysts and photocatalysts under both UV and Vis light irradiation. Bimetallic noble metal structures deposited on TiO2 possess the ability to absorb visible light, in a wide wavelength range (broad LSPR peak), and therefore reveal the highest level of activity as a result of utilization of a large amount of incident photons. On the other hand they can enhance the rate of trapping photoexcited electrons and inhibit the recombination process due to the capability of the storage of photoexcited electrons. Based on literature two groups of bimetallic photocatalysts were distinguished. The first group includes bimetallic TiO2 photocatalysts (BMOX), highly active under UV and Vis light irradiation in a variety of oxidation reactions, and the second group presents bimetallic photocatalysts (BMRED) exceptionally active in hydrogenation reactions. This review summarizes recent advances in the preparation and environmental application of bimetallic TiO2‐based photocatalysts. Moreover, the effects of various parameters such as particle shape, size, amount of metals, and calcination on the photocatalytic activity of bimetallic TiO2‐based photocatalysts are also discussed.
Design of Individualized Wheelchairs Using AHP and Kano Model
Authors: Yuan Yanli , Guan Tianmin
Published: June 2014

To study how to design different grades of individualized wheelchairs according to users' needs, a personalized wheelchair design method based on AHP and Kano model is proposed. The AHP model determines the relative importance of characteristics of customers' demands. The subfunctions of manual wheelchairs and their attributes are given. The weight coefficients are calculated. 20 experts (10 are the members of the research team, 5 are doctors, and 5 are wheelchair designers) are involved in the above two parts of the work. Kano model represents the types of user requirements. 30 participants' (wheelchair users) needs are divided into 5 categories: M, O, E, I, and R. According to the types of user needs and the weight of each subfunction, three manual wheelchair models are built. Traditional design method usually cannot satisfy the requirements of users and product structure, so this paper makes a contribution to solve this problem. The method can be used to design individualized wheelchairs which may improve the product quality and customers' satisfaction. Meanwhile it also can reduce the design time, thereby reducing the design cost.
FE Simulation of Transmission Tower
Authors: Eltaly Boshra , Saka Amen , Kandil Kamel
Published: June 2014

The vital components of the transmission line are the electrical transmission towers. They are commonly used to support the phase conductors and shield wires of a transmission line. Also the accurate prediction of tower failure is very important for the reliability and safety of the transmission system. The current research describes nonlinear FE models of predicting the transmission tower failure. In the current FE simulations, the eccentricity and the joint effect of the tower were considered. The current models have been calibrated with results from previous full-scale tower tests and numerical models with good accuracy in terms of both the failure load and the failure mode.
Cytotoxic Activities of Flavonoids fromCentaurea scoparia
Authors: Ahmed Sayed A. , Kamel Emadeldin M.
Published: June 2014

Phytochemical studies on the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts ofCentaurea scoparialed to the isolation of two new flavonoids, 3′,4′-dihydroxy-(3′′,4′′-dihydro-3′′-hydroxy-4′′-acetoxy)-2′′,2′′-dimethylpyrano-(5′′,6′′:7,8)-flavone-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and 3,3′,4′-trihydroxy-(3′′,4′′-dihydro-3′′,4′′-dihydroxy)-2′′,2′′-dimethylpyrano-(5′′,6′′:7,8)-flavone (2), along with eight known flavonoids isolated for the first time from this plant, cynaroside (3), Apigetrin (4), centaureidin (5), oroxylin A (6), 5,7-dihydroxy-3′,4′,5′-trimethoxyflavone (7), atalantoflavone (8), 5-hydroxy-3′,4′,8-trimethoxy-2′′,2′′-dimethylpyrano (5′′,6′′:6,7)-flavone (9), and 3′,4′,5,8-tetramethoxy-2′′,2′′-dimethylpyrano (5′′,6′′:6,7)-flavone (10). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by means of spectroscopic tools including 1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR, and mass spectroscopy. Cytotoxic activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated against human cervical carcinoma HeLa, human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2, and human breast carcinoma MCF-7. Compound2was the most potent cytotoxic agent against HeLa cells with an IC500.079 μM.
A Note on Asymmetric Thick Branes
Authors: Bazeia D. , Menezes R. , da Rocha R.
Published: June 2014

We study asymmetric thick braneworld scenarios, generated after adding a constant to the superpotential associated with the scalar field. We study in particular models with odd and even polynomial superpotentials, and we show that asymmetric brane can be generated irrespective of the potential being symmetric or asymmetric. We study in addition the nonpolynomial sine-Gordon like model, also constructed with the inclusion of a constant in the standard superpotential, and we investigate gravitational stability of the asymmetric brane. The results suggest robustness of the new braneworld scenarios and add further possibilities of the construction of asymmetric branes.
Mucoadhesive Hydrogel Films of Econazole Nitrate: Formulation and Optimization Using Factorial Design
Authors: Gajra Balaram , Pandya Saurabh S. , Singh Sanjay , Rabari Haribhai A.
Published: June 2014

The mucoadhesive hydrogel film was prepared and optimized for the purpose of local drug delivery to oral cavity for the treatment of oral Candidiasis. The mucoadhesive hydrogel film was prepared with the poly(vinyl alcohol) by freeze/thaw crosslinking technique. 32 full factorial design was employed to optimize the formulation. Number of freeze/thaw cycles (4, 6, and 8 cycles) and the concentration of the poly(vinyl alcohol) (10, 15, and 20%) were used as the independent variables whereas time required for 50% drug release, cumulative percent of drug release at 8th hour, and “k” of zero order equation were used as the dependent variables. The films were evaluated for mucoadhesive strength, in vitro residence time, swelling study, in vitro drug release, and effectiveness against Candida albicans. The concentration of poly(vinyl alcohol) and the number of freeze/thaw cycles both decrease the drug release rate. Mucoadhesive hydrogel film with 15% poly(vinyl alcohol) and 7 freeze/thaw cycles was optimized. The optimized batch exhibited the sustained release of drug and the antifungal studies revealed that the drug released from the film could inhibit the growth of Candida albicans for 12 hours.
Modelling and Analysis on Biomechanical Dynamic Characteristics of Knee Flexion Movement under Squatting
Authors: Wang Jianping , Tao Kun , Li Huanyi , Wang Chengtao
Published: June 2014

The model of three-dimensional (3D) geometric knee was built, which included femoral-tibial, patellofemoral articulations and the bone and soft tissues. Dynamic finite element (FE) model of knee was developed to simulate both the kinematics and the internal stresses during knee flexion. The biomechanical experimental system of knee was built to simulate knee squatting using cadaver knees. The flexion motion and dynamic contact characteristics of knee were analyzed, and verified by comparing with the data from in vitro experiment. The results showed that the established dynamic FE models of knee are capable of predicting kinematics and the contact stresses during flexion, and could be an efficient tool for the analysis of total knee replacement (TKR) and knee prosthesis design.
Influence of Heating and Cyclic Tension on the Induction of Heat Shock Proteins and Bone-Related Proteins by MC3T3-E1 Cells
Authors: Chung Eunna , Sampson Alana Cherrell , Rylander Marissa Nichole
Published: June 2014

Stress conditioning (e.g., thermal, shear, and tensile stress) of bone cells has been shown to enhance healing. However, prior studies have not investigated whether combined stress could synergistically promote bone regeneration. This study explored the impact of combined thermal and tensile stress on the induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and bone-related proteins by a murine preosteoblast cell line (MC3T3-E1). Cells were exposed to thermal stress using a water bath (44°C for 4 or 8 minutes) with postheating incubation (37°C for 4 hours) followed by exposure to cyclic strain (equibiaxial 3%, 0.2 Hz, cycle of 10-second tensile stress followed by 10-second rest). Combined thermal stress and tensile stress induced mRNA expression of HSP27 (1.41 relative fold induction (RFI) compared to sham-treated control), HSP70 (5.55 RFI), and osteopontin (1.44 RFI) but suppressed matrix metalloproteinase-9 (0.6 RFI) compared to the control. Combined thermal and tensile stress increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion into the culture supernatant (1.54-fold increase compared to the control). Therefore, combined thermal and mechanical stress preconditioning can enhance HSP induction and influence protein expression important for bone tissue healing.
Revisiting the Zinc-Blende/Wurtzite Heterocrystalline Structure in CdS
Authors: Zhou Zhaohui , Li Mingtao , Wu Po , Guo Liejin
Published: June 2014

The band offset at CdS zinc-blende (ZB)/wurtzite (WZ) heterocrystalline interface was revisited using the first principles calculations with the local density approximation (LDA), generalized gradient approximation (GGA), and Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE06) hybrid functional. It was revealed that, unlike most IV, III-V, and II-VI semiconductors, the band alignment at CdS ZB/WZ heterocrystalline interface was of type-I with straddling lineup of band edges, which was irrespective of the exchange-correlation energy functional, the thickness of ZB and WZ segments, and the ZB/WZ interface location. The partial charge densities of VBM and CBM states were separated around two adjacent interfaces in one unit cell of heterocrystalline superlattice. This type of carrier localization was mainly attributed to the spontaneous polarization occurring in the WZ segment rather than the band offset at the interface.
Neutralizing Effects ofMimosa tenuifloraExtracts against Inflammation Caused byTityus serrulatusScorpion Venom
Authors: Bitencourt Mariana Angélica Oliveira , Lima Maira Conceição Jerônimo de Souza , Torres-Rêgo Manoela , Fernandes Júlia Morais , Silva-Júnior Arnóbio Antônio da , Tambourgi Denise Vilarinho , Zucolotto Silvana Maria , Fernandes-Pedrosa Matheus de Freitas
Published: June 2014

Scorpion bite represents a significant and serious public health problem in certain regions of Brazil, as well as in other parts of the world. Inflammatory mediators are thought to be involved in the systemic and local immune response induced byTityus serrulatusscorpion envenomation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of extracts ofMimosa tenuifloraon model envenomation. In mice, the envenomation model is induced byTityus serrulatusvenom. Previous treatment of mice with fractions fromM. tenuiflorawas able to suppress the cell migration to the peritoneal cavity. The treatment of mice withM. tenuifloraextracts also decreased the levels of IL-6, IL-12, and IL-1β. We concluded that the administration of the extract and fractions resulted in a reduction in cell migration and showed a reduction in the level of proinflammatory cytokines. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous extract from theMimosa tenuifloraplant onT. serrulatusvenom.
Molecular and Morphological Characterization ofFasciolaspp. Isolated from Different Host Species in a Newly Emerging Focus of Human Fascioliasis in Iran
Authors: Shafiei Reza , Sarkari Bahador , Sadjjadi Seyed Mahmuod , Mowlavi Gholam Reza , Moshfe Abdolali
Published: June 2014

The current study aimed to find out the morphometric and genotypic divergences of the flukes isolated from different hosts in a newly emerging focus of human fascioliasis in Iran. AdultFasciolaspp. were collected from 34 cattle, 13 sheep, and 11 goats from Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, southwest of Iran. Genomic DNA was extracted from the flukes and PCR-RFLP was used to characterize the isolates. The ITS1, ITS2, and mitochondrial genes (mtDNA) of NDI and COI from individual liver flukes were amplified and the amplicons were sequenced. Genetic variation within and between the species was evaluated by comparing the sequences. Moreover, morphometric characteristics of flukes were measured through a computer image analysis system. Based on RFLP profile, from the total of 58 isolates, 41 isolates (from cattle, sheep, and goat) were identified asFasciola hepatica, while 17 isolates from cattle were identified asFasciola gigantica. Comparison of the ITS1 and ITS2 sequences showed six and seven single-base substitutions, resulting in segregation of the specimens into two different genotypes. The sequences of COI markers showed seven DNA polymorphic sites forF. hepaticaand 35 DNA polymorphic sites forF. gigantica. Morphological diversity of the two species was observed in linear, ratios, and areas measurements. The findings have implications for studying the population genetics, epidemiology, and control of the disease.
Lead Screening for HIV-1 Integrase (IN) Inhibited by Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Hung Tzu-Chieh , Lee Wen-Yuan , Chen Kuen-Bao , Chan Yueh-Chiu , Chen Calvin Yu-Chian
Published: June 2014

Human immunodeficiency virus causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and becomes a serious world-wide problem because of this disease's rapid propagation and incurability. Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) supports HIV have rapid drug resistance for antitreatment. Screening the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) database by simulating molecular docking and molecular dynamics may select molecular compounds to inhibit INSTIs against HIV drug resistance. (S)-cathinone and (1S,2S)-norpseudoephedrine are selected based on structure and ligand-based drugs are designed and then get higher bioactivity predicted score from SVM than Raltegravir and other TCM compounds. The molecular dynamics are helpful in the analysis and detection of protein-ligand interactions. According to the docking poses, hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bond variations define the main regions of important amino acids in integrase. In addition to the detection of TCM compound efficacy, we suggest (1S,2S)-norpseudoephedrine is better than the others based on the analysis of interaction and the effect on the structural variation.
Pelvic Muscle Rehabilitation: A Standardized Protocol for Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
Authors: Pedraza Rodrigo , Nieto Javier , Ibarra Sergio , Haas Eric M.
Published: June 2014

Introduction. Pelvic floor dysfunction syndromes present with voiding, sexual, and anorectal disturbances, which may be associated with one another, resulting in complex presentation. Thus, an integrated diagnosis and management approach may be required. Pelvic muscle rehabilitation (PMR) is a noninvasive modality involving cognitive reeducation, modification, and retraining of the pelvic floor and associated musculature. We describe our standardized PMR protocol for the management of pelvic floor dysfunction syndromes.Pelvic Muscle Rehabilitation Program. The diagnostic assessment includes electromyography and manometry analyzed in 4 phases: (1)initial baseline phase; (2)rapid contraction phase; (3)tonic contraction and endurance phase; and (4)late baseline phase. This evaluation is performed at the onset of every session. PMR management consists of 6 possible therapeutic modalities, employed depending on the diagnostic evaluation: (1)down-training; (2)accessory muscle isolation; (3)discrimination training; (4)muscle strengthening; (5)endurance training; and (6)electrical stimulation. Eight to ten sessions are performed at one-week intervals with integration of home exercises and lifestyle modifications.Conclusions. The PMR protocol offers a standardized approach to diagnose and manage pelvic floor dysfunction syndromes with potential advantages over traditional biofeedback, involving additional interventions and a continuous pelvic floor assessment with management modifications over the clinical course.
A Probabilistic Rain Diagnostic Model Based on Cyclone Statistical Analysis
Authors: Iordanidou V. , Koutroulis A. G. , Tsanis I. K.
Published: June 2014

Data from a dense network of 69 daily precipitation gauges over the island of Crete and cyclone climatological analysis over middle-eastern Mediterranean are combined in a statistical approach to develop a rain diagnostic model. Regarding the dataset, 0.5 × 0.5, 33-year (1979–2011) European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA-Interim) is used. The cyclone tracks and their characteristics are identified with the aid of Melbourne University algorithm (MS scheme). The region of interest is divided into a grid mesh and for each grid the probability of rain occurrence from passing cyclones is estimated. Such probability maps are estimated for three rain intensity categories. The probability maps are evaluated for random partitions of the data as well as for selected rain periods. Cyclones passing south of Italy are found to have greater probability of producing light rain events in Crete in contrast to medium and heavy rain events which are mostly triggered by cyclones of southern trajectories. The performance of the probability maps is very satisfactory, recognizing the majority of “affecting” cyclones and rejecting most cyclones that do not trigger rain events. Statistical measures of sensitivity and specificity range between 0.5 and 0.8 resulting in effective forecasting potential.
Is Roux-Y Binding Pancreaticojejunal Anastomosis Feasible for Patients Undergoing Left Pancreatectomy? Results from a Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Antila Anne , Sand Juhani , Nordback Isto , Räty Sari , Laukkarinen Johanna
Published: June 2014

Background. After pancreaticoduodenectomy, the Finnish binding pancreaticojejunal anastomosis (FBPJ) seems to reduce the risk for pancreatic fistula (POPF). Our aim was to investigate whether FBPJ is feasible and prevents the risk for POPF even after left pancreatectomy (LP).Patients and Methods. 47 consecutive patients underwent LP. 27 patients were recruited on the basis of CT and, of these, 16 patients were randomized on the basis of findings during surgery (transection line must be left of portal vein, as 2-3 cm pancreatic mobilization is required for FBPJ) to receive either Roux-Y FBPJ or hand-sewn closure of the pancreatic remnant.Results. Only 34% (16/47) of the patients met the randomization criteria. Clinically significant POPF rate was higher in FBPJ group (60%) compared to thand-sewn closure group (13%;P<0.05). POPF rate in FBPJ group was higher even when compared to all patients with hand-sewn closure (60% versus 37%;P<0.05). Overall, FBPJ was technically feasible for only 28% of patients.Conclusion. FBPJ cannot be recommended for the routine closure of the pancreatic remnant after LP, as it was not technically achievable in 72% of the cases. Moreover, the technique does not seem to reduce the risk for POPF compared to the hand-sewn closure.
Living with Stigma: Depressed Elderly Persons’ Experiences of Physical Health Problems
Authors: Holm Anne Lise , Lyberg Anne , Severinsson Elisabeth
Published: June 2014

The aim of this paper is to deepen the understanding of depressed elderly persons’ lived experiences of physical health problems. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 depressed elderly persons who suffer from physical health problems. A hermeneutic analysis was performed, yielding one main theme, living with stigma, and three themes: longing to be taken seriously, being uncertain about whether the pain is physical or mental, and a sense of living in a war zone. The second theme comprised two subthemes, feeling like a stranger and feeling dizzy, while the third had one subtheme: afraid of being helpless and dependent on others. Stigma deprives individuals of their dignity and reinforces destructive patterns of isolation and hopelessness. Nurses should provide information in a sensitive way and try to avoid diagnostic overshadowing. Effective training programmes and procedures need to be developed with more focus on how to handle depressive ill health and physical problems in older people.
Rough Operations and Uncertainty Measures on MV-Algebras
Authors: Xie Maosen
Published: June 2014

We define a lower approximate operation and an upper approximate operation based on a partition on MV-algebras and discuss their properties. We then introduce a belief measure and a plausibility measure on MV-algebras and investigate the relationship between rough operations and uncertainty measures.
Evaluation of Cardiac Function Index as Measured by Transpulmonary Thermodilution as an Indicator of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Perny Jessica , Kimmoun Antoine , Perez Pierre , Levy Bruno
Published: June 2014

Introduction. The PiCCO transpulmonary thermodilution technique provides two indices of cardiac systolic function, the cardiac function index (CFI) and the global ejection fraction (GEF). Both appear to be correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) measured by echocardiography in patients with circulatory failure, especially in septic shock. The aim of the present study was to test the reliability of CFI as an indicator of LVEF in patients with cardiogenic shock.Methods. In thirty-five patients with cardiogenic shock, we performed (i) simultaneous measurements of echocardiography LVEF and cardiac function index assessed by transpulmonary thermodilution (n=72) and (ii) transpulmonary thermodilution before/after increasing inotropic agents (n=18).Results. Mean LVEF was 31% (+/−11.7), CFI 3/min (+/−1), and GEF 14.2% (+/−6). CFI and GEF were both positively correlated with LVEF (P<0.0001,r2=0.27). CFI and GEF were significantly increased with inotropic infusion (resp.,P=0.005,P=0.007). A cardiac function index <3.47/min predicted a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% (sensitivity 81.1% and specificity 63%). In patients with right ventricular dysfunction, CFI was not correlated with LVEF.Conclusion. CFI is correlated with LVEF provided that patient does not present severe right ventricular dysfunction. Thus, the PiCCO transpulmonary thermodilution technique is useful for the monitoring of inotropic therapy during cardiogenic shock.
CLSVOF Method to Study the Formation Process of Taylor Cone in Crater‐Like Electrospinning of Nanofibers
Authors: Liu Yong , Li Jia , Tian Yu , Yu Xia , Liu Jian , Zhou Bao-Ming
Published: June 2014

The application of two‐phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for simulating crater‐like Taylor cone formation dynamics in a viscous liquid is a challenging task. An interface coupled level set/volume‐of‐fluid (CLSVOF) method and the governing equations based on Navier‐Stokes equations were employed to simulate the crater‐like Taylor cone formation process. The computational results of the dynamics of crater‐like Taylor cone slowly formed on a free liquid surface produced by a submerged nozzle in a viscous liquid were presented in this paper. Some experiments with different air pressures were carried out to evaluate the simulation results. The results from both CFD and experimental observations were compared and analyzed. The numerical results were consistent with the experimental results. Our study showed that the CLSVOF method gave convincing results, and the computational method is robust to extreme variations in interfacial topology.
Blood Donation, Being Asian, and a History of Iron Deficiency Are Stronger Predictors of Iron Deficiency than Dietary Patterns in Premenopausal Women
Authors: Beck Kathryn L. , Conlon Cathryn A. , Kruger Rozanne , Heath Anne-Louise M. , Matthys Christophe , Coad Jane , Jones Beatrix , Stonehouse Welma
Published: June 2014

This study investigated dietary patterns and nondietary determinants of suboptimal iron status (serum ferritin < 20 μg/L) in 375 premenopausal women. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, determinants were blood donation in the past year [OR: 6.00 (95% CI: 2.81, 12.82);P<0.001], being Asian [OR: 4.84 (95% CI: 2.29, 10.20);P<0.001], previous iron deficiency [OR: 2.19 (95% CI: 1.16, 4.13);P=0.016], a “milk and yoghurt” dietary pattern [one SD higher score, OR: 1.44 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.93);P=0.012], and longer duration of menstruation [days, OR: 1.38 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.68);P=0.002]. A one SD change in the factor score above the mean for a “meat and vegetable” dietary pattern reduced the odds of suboptimal iron status by 79.0% [OR: 0.21 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.50);P=0.001] in women with children. Blood donation, Asian ethnicity, and previous iron deficiency were the strongest predictors, substantially increasing the odds of suboptimal iron status. Following a “milk and yoghurt” dietary pattern and a longer duration of menstruation moderately increased the odds of suboptimal iron status, while a “meat and vegetable” dietary pattern reduced the odds of suboptimal iron status in women with children.
Effect of Polymerization Conditions on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Ethylene/1-Butene Copolymer Made with Ziegler-Natta Catalysts
Authors: Rahaman Mostafizur , Parvez M. Anwar , Soares J. B. P. , Hussein I. A.
Published: June 2014

The effect of polymerization conditions on thermal and mechanical properties of ethylene/1-butene copolymers synthesized through titanium-magnesium-supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts was studied. The increase in hydrogen pressure leads to a decrease in molecular weight (MW), storage modulus, and melting temperature. However, it yields an increase in molecular weight distribution (MWD),tan⁡δ, % crystallinity, tensile modulus, yield stress, and strain at break. The effects of ethylene pressure and polymerization temperature on the copolymer MW, MWD and thermal and mechanical properties have been investigated. However, the impacts of ethylene pressure and polymerization temperature on copolymer modulus, tensile strength, % crystallinity, crystallization peak temperature, yield stress, strain at break, and yield strain are marginal. The hydrogen pressure plays a major role in controlling the copolymer properties because it acts as an efficient chain transfer agent during polymerization reaction. The MW is the key parameter that influences flow activation energy. However, the other mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and thermal properties not only depend on MW but are also influenced by other parameters.
Pregnancy after Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Authors: Campanati Renato Gomes , Hanan Bernardo , Souza Sérgio Simões de , Gomes da Silva Rodrigo
Published: June 2014

Pseudomyxoma peritonei is usually a benign tumor that is slightly more common in women. However, it requires aggressive surgical treatment and chemotherapy, often compromising future reproductive function. This report presents a case of pregnancy in a 35-year-old woman who underwent cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for treatment of pseudomyxoma peritonei. The tumor was diagnosed during a laparoscopic examination on a workup for infertility in 2008. Two months later, she underwent a peritonectomy followed by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy and, regarding her will to conceive, ovaries and fallopian tubes were preserved. In March 2011, she went through an in vitro fertilization followed by an uneventful pregnancy and delivered a healthy child 39 weeks later. Ovaries are usually resected during the cytoreductive surgery, since they are common sites for neoplastic implants, and, even when not performed, little is known about the effects of local chemotherapy on female fertility. The largest international survey on this matter only describes seven similar cases. This particular report not only describes a rare condition but also adds to the upcoming discussion about whether ovaries can be preserved in specific situations, therefore keeping the prospect of conceiving after this treatment.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome following Treatment with Sunitinib Malate
Authors: Kanaan Ziad , Kulairi Zain , Titianu Mirela , Saha Sandip , Kumar Sarwan
Published: June 2014

Sunitinib malate (Sutent, SU011248) is an oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) used for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma and imatinib (Gleevec)—resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with few reported side effects including asthenia, myelosuppression, diarrhea, and mucositis. Scarce literature exists regarding the rare but often serious toxicities of sunitinib. Autoimmune and neurological side effects have been linked to sunitinib’s inhibition of VEGF receptors with a corresponding increase in VEGF levels, which is associated with development of different neuropathies. We hereby report an interesting case of Guillain-Barré syndrome in a middle-aged patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma following sunitinib treatment.
The Increased Type-1 and Type-2 Chemokine Levels in Children with Acute RSV Infection Alter the Development of Adaptive Immune Responses
Authors: Vojvoda Valerija , Savić Mlakar Ana , Jergović Mladen , Kukuruzović Mirela , Markovinović Leo , Aberle Neda , Rabatić Sabina , Bendelja Krešo
Published: June 2014

Severe RSV infections and frequent recurrence could be related to the altered polarization of type-2/type-1 T cells. This increases the importance of determining distinctive chemokines and chemokine receptor profiles on memory T cells. We analyzed systemic adaptive T cell response in the acute (n=17) and convalescent phase (n=7) of RSV-infected children, in the acute (n=11) and convalescent phase (n=6) of children with other viral respiratory infections (adenovirus and influenza virus), and in healthy children (n=18). Expression of CCR4 and CXCR3 on effector-memory (TEM) and central-memory (TCM) T cells was compared between tested groups. Serum concentrations of specific chemokines were determined. High CXCL10 levels were detected in acutely infected children regardless of virus pathogen, whereas increased CCL17 production was RSV-specific. Higher percentages of CCR4+CD4 TEMcells in acute RSV infection were accompanied with higher percentages of CXCR3+CD8 TEMcells, whereas the development of long-lived memory CXCR3+CD4 and CD8 TCMcells seems to be compromised, as only children with other viral infections had higher percentages in the convalescent phase. Presence of type-2 and type-1 adaptive antiviral immune response, together with insufficient development of long-lived type-1 T cell memory, could play an important role in RSV pathogenesis and reinfection.
Physical‐Statistical Model of Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids
Authors: Usowicz B. , Usowicz J. B. , Usowicz L. B.
Published: June 2014

A physical‐statistical model for predicting the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids is proposed. The volumetric unit of nanofluids in the model consists of solid, liquid, and gas particles and is treated as a system made up of regular geometric figures, spheres, filling the volumetric unit by layers. The model assumes that connections between layers of the spheres and between neighbouring spheres in the layer are represented by serial and parallel connections of thermal resistors, respectively. This model is expressed in terms of thermal resistance of nanoparticles and fluids and the multinomial distribution of particles in the nanofluids. The results for predicted and measured effective thermal conductivity of several nanofluids (Al2O3/ethylene glycol‐based and Al2O3/water‐based; CuO/ethylene glycol‐based and CuO/water‐based; and TiO2/ethylene glycol‐based) are presented. The physical‐statistical model shows a reasonably good agreement with the experimental results and gives more accurate predictions for the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids compared to existing classical models.
Preparation and Characterization of Binary Organogels via Some Azobenzene Amino Derivatives and Different Fatty Acids: Self-Assembly and Nanostructures
Authors: Guo Haiying , Jiao Tifeng , Shen Xihai , Zhang Qingrui , Li Adan , Gao Faming
Published: June 2014

In present work the gelation behaviors of binary organogels composed of azobenzene amino derivatives and fatty acids with different alkyl chains in various organic solvents were designed and investigated. Their gelation behaviors in 20 solvents were tested as new binary organic gelators. It showed that the length of alkyl substituent chains and azobenzene segment have played a crucial role in the gelation behavior of all gelator mixtures in various organic solvents. Longer alkyl chains in molecular skeletons in present gelators are favorable for the gelation of organic solvents. Morphological studies revealed that the gelator molecules self-assemble into different aggregates from lamella, wrinkle, to belt with change of solvents. Spectral studies indicated that there existed different H-bond formation and hydrophobic force, depending on different substituent chains in molecular skeletons. The present work may also give new perspectives for designing new binary organogelators and soft materials.
Imaging Findings of Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws: A Critical Review of the Quantitative Studies
Authors: Leite André Ferreira , Ogata Fernanda dos Santos , Melo Nilce Santos de , Figueiredo Paulo Tadeu de Souza
Published: June 2014

Objectives. This paper offers a critical review of published information on the imaging strategies used for diagnosing bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) in patients taking intravenous bisphosphonates, pointing at the different methodologies and results of existing literature.Methods. Electronic literature search was performed in order to identify as many quantitative studies that discussed the imaging findings of BRONJ up to February 2014. Initially, the search for articles was based on the following four types of imaging modalities for evaluating BRONJ: computed tomography, plain film radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear bone scanning.Results. Eleven out of the 79 initially selected articles met the inclusion criteria. Most of the selected articles were cross-sectional studies. Regarding the selected studies, 54.5% have used plain films radiographs and 54.5% were based on computed tomography findings. All of the selected studies showed a small number of patients and none of the selected studies have tested the accuracy of the imaging examination for evaluating BRONJ.Conclusions. This critical review showed a scarcity of quantitative studies that analyzed the typical imaging findings related to BRONJ. Further studies are necessary in order to analyze the role of different imaging techniques in the assessment of BRONJ.
Protective Effects ofBorago officinalisExtract on Amyloidβ-Peptide(25–35)-Induced Memory Impairment in Male Rats: A Behavioral Study
Authors: Ghahremanitamadon Fatemeh , Shahidi Siamak , Zargooshnia Somayeh , Nikkhah Ali , Ranjbar Akram , Soleimani Asl Sara
Published: June 2014

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and most common form of dementia that leads to memory impairment. In the present study we have examined the protective effects ofBorago officinalis(borage) extract on Amyloidβ(Aβ)-Induced memory impairment. Wistar male rats received intrahippocampal (IHP) injection of the Aβ(25–35) and borage extract throughout gestation (100 mg/kg). Learning and memory functions in the rats were examined by the passive avoidance and the Morris water maze (MWM) tasks. Finally, the antioxidant capacity of hippocampus was measured using ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The results showed that Aβ(25–35) impaired step-through latency and time in dark compartment in passive avoidance task. In the MWM, Aβ(25–35) significantly increased escape latency and traveled distance. Borage administration attenuated the Aβ-induced memory impairment in both the passive avoidance and the MWM tasks. Aβinduced a remarkable decrease in antioxidant power (FRAP value) of hippocampus and borage prevented the decrease of the hippocampal antioxidant status. This data suggests that borage could improve the learning impairment and oxidative damage in the hippocampal tissue following Aβtreatment and that borage consumption may lead to an improvement of AD-induced cognitive dysfunction.