bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Ordinary days would be extraordinary”: The lived experiences of severe and enduring anorexia nervosa
Authors: Cummings Melinda Parisi , Alexander Robbi K. , Boswell Rebecca G.
Published: September 2023

Objective

Approximately 25% of individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) experience a chronic form of the disorder, referred to as severe and enduring anorexia nervosa (SE‐AN). Although the classification of SE‐AN remains preliminary, there have been increasing calls for a harm reduction‐based, collaborative treatment model for these patients. To provide such care for patients with SE‐AN, it is critical to listen to and learn from their lived experiences.

Method

Patients (N = 17) admitted to an inpatient eating disorders program who met initial criteria for SE‐AN completed semi‐structured interviews about the course of their illness and prior treatment episodes. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Data were analyzed using an inductive, reflexive approach to thematic analysis that examined common themes within and across interviews.

Results

Three themes were identified focused on (1) the all‐encompassing nature of SE‐AN, (2) treatment experiences, and (3) living with chronic illness. Within these themes, there were subthemes. Overall, individuals noted clear insight about their condition, both negative and positive experiences with previous treatment, and hope for better quality of life despite their illness.

Discussion

Individuals with SE‐AN describe their illness as a chronic condition and hope for a harm reduction‐based treatment. Future work, including the lived experiences of individuals with SE‐AN, is important to build our understanding of the classification and clinical characteristics of SE‐AN and to develop treatment approaches that may best serve these individuals.

Public Significance

Many people with anorexia nervosa do not achieve a full recovery despite repeated treatment episodes throughout their lifespan. Understanding the lived experiences of individuals with SE‐AN may help to inform future treatment development efforts that could improve eating disorder and quality of life outcomes for these patients.
The characteristic large‐scale annual analysis by gender and age in heart failure patients: cohort for 10 years in Korea
Authors: Chun Kyeong‐Hyeon , Pak Haeyong , Kim Hyeongsoo , Jang Ji‐Yong , Lee Hancheol , Park Jong‐Kwan , Oh Seungjin , Yoon Se‐Jung
Published: September 2023

Aims

The prevalence and incidence rate of heart failure (HF) continues to increase along with the aging of the population and the increase of ischaemic heart disease. The morbidity and mortality of HF are also on the rise in the industrialized countries; it can be a great public health problem. A detailed and accurate analysis of the demographical incidence and prevalence of HF is an important first step in predicting the occurrence of the disease in the future and proper preparing for prevention. Here, we aimed to analyse the annual prevalence and incidence of HF by gender and age using long‐term national health insurance service data in the Republic of Korea.

Methods and results

A total of 47 243 patients newly diagnosed with HF between 2006 and 2015 among nationally representative random subjects of 1 000 000 were included. The data of age and gender were analysed by year, and the total population information of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport of Korea was referred to compare the data of HF patients with the total population (2008–15). Over the decade from 2006 to 2015, the prevalence of HF patients showed tendency of increase (P < 0.001). The overall incidence rate was also gradually increasing (P < 0.001), but in women, it tended to decrease gradually. Women significantly accounted higher than the male group in incidence of HF over the period (54.6% vs. 45.4%, P < 0.001). The mean age at the time of diagnosis gradually increased (P = 0.002 for total, P = 0.001 for each gender). Total incidence was highest in 70s (27.22%), but males were the most in their 60s and females were in their 70s. Analysis of annual trend by age and gender distribution of HF incidence in men presented highest in the 50s–70s with a similar pattern annually, and the incidence is increasing more recently. Different from that of men, in the case of women, the incidence gradually increased with age in a similar annual pattern, peaking in their 70s and gradually decreasing in recent years.

Conclusions

The prevalence and incidence of HF are gradually increasing. It increased rapidly in their 50s and older. It showed an increased incidence of HF especially in men between their 50s and 70s, and more observation and caution for the management of the risk factors may be needed to prevent HF in the male group.
Increasing green footprints: Indications of transformations in the socio‐economic spaces of Bangladesh
Authors: Huda S. S. M. Sadrul
Published: September 2023

In recent decades, Bangladesh has seen significant environmental degradation and the loss of its GDP, which has had a detrimental effect on public health, agriculture, forestry, fisheries, industrial development, and environmental services. The unusually high temperatures, humidity, and unpredicted rainfall gave rise to disease like dengue and affecting peoples mental health. However, the government, as well as public and private groups, are undertaking some phenomenal efforts to help reduce environmental degradation and raise the number of green footprints. The objective of this article is to examine the green initiatives, strategies, and policies of Bangladeshi organizations in enhancing green footprints in the socio‐economic spaces, through comprehensive content analysis of various newspapers, journal articles, government reports, and company annual reports. The aim of this article is to trace out the evidences of change in the socio‐economic fabric of the society. The primary focus of the article on the environment friendly business activities, which eventually bring social changes. The article found that green HRM, green business, MFS, green corporate culture is increasingly been seen in the society, which indicate silent changes. Bangladesh has put regulations and programs into place to lessen carbon emissions and safeguard sensitive coastal areas. It is noteworthy for demonstrating a strong dedication to improving sustainable development and environmental preservation. Many organizations in Bangladesh have also received the prestigious Asia's Corporate Excellence and Sustainability Awards for their outstanding zeal to ensure positive environmental changes in the society. Moreover, large proportion of Bangladesh's energy mix comes from renewable energy sources, leading to the installed renewable energy capacity of 579 MW. Additionally, the government has announced plans on replacing traditional transport methods with electric or hybrid vehicles. Bangladesh has further solidified its position as the global leader in green garments factories, as the country has 176 such facilities that have received the USGBC's LEED accreditation. The article placed a strong emphasis on particular policy proposals, including the adoption of the circular economy, the digital economy, sustainable finance, car‐sharing systems, renewable energy sources in manufacturing and workplaces, and environmentally friendly practices in both public and private organizations.
Deep transfer learning from ordinary to capsule esophagogastroduodenoscopy for image quality controlling
Authors: Zhang Yaqiong , Zhang Kai , Ding Ying , Liu Shaoqun , Wang Meijia , Wang Xu , Qin Zhe , Zhang Xiaohong , Ma Ting , Hu Feng , Li Peng , Feng Li
Published: September 2023

Quality controlling for capsule endoscopic images can be completed with the assistance of artificial intelligence, but the labeling process is time‐consuming. Domain adaption is a robust tool for cross‐domain learning to reach a consistent target. Current research aims to study the feasibility and effectiveness of domain adaption from ordinary endoscopic images to capsule endoscopic images in quality controlling. Dynamic adversarial adaptation network (DAAN) was trained to identify low‐quality images using ordinary endoscopic images with corresponding labels (source domain with supervision) and capsule endoscopic images without corresponding labels (target domain without supervision) so that image quality controlling can be transferred from ordinary to capsule endoscopic images. 62,850 images from capsule endoscopy and 17,434 images from ordinary endoscopy were included in developing deep learning models. In internal cross‐validation, DAAN achieved an average area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.8638 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.6753–1.0000) in filtering low‐quality images for capsule endoscopic images, compared with CNN B/16 and L/32, which were also trained with ordinary endoscopic images with corresponding labels. 18,636 images from 355 patients who received capsule endoscopy were prospectively collected. The AUROC of DAAN reached 0.9471 (95% CI 0.9428–0.9511), which surpassed CNN (0.8570 and 95% CI [0.8529–0.8608]) and ViT (L/32: 0.8183 and 95% CI [0.8143–0.8220] and B/16: 0.7779 and 95% CI [0.7960–0.8036]). Domain adaption can complete image quality controlling task in capsule endoscopic images with the supervision of ordinary endoscopic images, whose quantity is smaller so that the annotation workload can be alleviated.
Sustainable eco‐friendly sub‐micron NaCl crystal powder‐assisted method to synthesize SiOx/C as anode materials originated from rice husk for lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Lee Se Hun , Cho Youngseul , Jeon Young Pyo , Chang Yujin , Lee Kyu Sang , Hong Dongpyo , Jeon Ok Sung , Park Yongyeol , Yang Hyun Seo , Yoo Young Joon , Park Sang Yoon , Piao Yuanzhe
Published: September 2023

In the present study, we produced SiOx/C from rice husk by the NaCl sub‐micron crystal‐assisted synthesis method which can mitigate environmental degradation and hazards, simplify preparation, and improve electrochemical performance. During synthesis, NaCl induces catalytic graphitization, carbon activation, and amorphous silica formation. Moreover, it is only partially consumed and can be recrystallized and reused indefinitely. Our NaCl sub‐micron crystal powder‐assisted method created lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with rice husk‐derived SiOx/C anodes that exhibited a high initial charge/discharge capacity of 422.05/915.93 mAh∙g−1 at 0.05 A∙g−1 current density and stable cycling performance. In addition, the SiOx/C electrode produced by the NaCl micro‐crystal method had 333.96 mAh∙g−1 capacity at 0.05 A∙g−1 current density. By contrast, bare rice husk electrode exhibited a lower capacity of 333.96 mAh∙g−1at the same condition.

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Calibration of discrete element parameters for simulating wheat crushing
Authors: Wang Xuefeng , Wu Wenbin , Jia Huapo
Published: September 2023

The mechanical properties of wheat grains were measured and analyzed using discrete element software, which provided crucial data for their processing in a mill. The foundational Hertz–Mindlin model was used as a theoretical framework to evaluate the accumulation angle of wheat grains. The Plackett–Burman, steepest ascent, and Box–Behnken methods were utilized in a series of experiments, with the accumulation angle serving as the dependent variable. Targeting the actual angle of repose in the response surface, the optimal parameters were derived using the regression equations. These included a static‐friction coefficient of 0.3 between individual wheat grains, rolling‐friction coefficient of 0.04 for wheat–wheat interactions, static‐friction coefficient of 0.554 for wheat–tooth roller interactions, collision recovery coefficient of 0.5 for wheat–wheat collisions, collision recovery coefficient of 0.45 for wheat–tooth roller collisions, and rolling‐friction coefficient of 0.05 for wheat–roller interactions. Relying on the bonding contact model of Hertz–Mindlin, virtual uniaxial compression tests were conducted to calibrate the wheat grain bonding parameters. A regression equation for the critical load was subsequently generated using the critical load of the wheat grain bonding model as the response variable. The optimal parameters were calculated and incorporated into the EDEM model for computation, which resulted in a relative error of 1.6% between the calculated and observed values, confirming the accuracy and feasibility of the calibration method, suggesting that the calibrated parameters were accurate.
Landslide susceptibility prediction using machine learning and remote sensing: Case study in Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Huu Duy , Nguyen Quoc Huy , Du Quan Vu Viet , Pham Viet Thanh , Pham Le Tuan , Van Hoang Thanh , Truong Quang‐Hai , Bui Quang‐Thanh , Petrisor Alexandru‐Ionut
Published: September 2023

Landslides lead to widespread devastation and significant loss of life in mountainous regions around the world. Susceptibility assessments can provide critical data to help decision‐makers, for example, local authorities and other organizations, mitigating the landslide risk, although the accuracy of existing studies needs to be improved. This study aims to assess landslide susceptibility in the Thua Thien Hue province of Vietnam using deep neural networks (DNNs) and swarm‐based optimization algorithms, namely Adam, stochastic gradient descent (SGD), Artificial Rabbits Optimization (ARO), Tuna Swarm Optimization (TSO), Sand Cat Swarm Optimization (SCSO), Honey Badger Algorithm (HBA), Marine Predators Algorithm (MPA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The locations of 945 landslides occurring between 2012 and 2022, along with 14 conditioning factors, were used as input data to build the DNN and DNN‐hybrid models. The performance of the proposed models was evaluated using the statistical indices receiver operating characteristic curve, area under the curve (AUC), root mean square error, mean absolute error (MAE), R2 and accuracy. All proposed models had a high accuracy of prediction. The DNN‐MPA model had the highest AUC value (0.95), followed by DNN‐HBA (0.95), DNN‐ARO (0.95), DNN‐Adam (0.95), DNN‐SGD (0.95), DNN‐TSO (0.93), DNN‐PSO (0.9) and finally DNN‐SCSO (0.83). High‐precision models have identified that the majority of the western region of Thua Thien Hue province is very highly susceptible to landslides. Models like the aforementioned ones can support decision‐makers in updating large‐scale sustainable land‐use strategies.
You make me anxious! Witnessing safety violations during the daily commute and at work leads to employee work withdrawal
Authors: Cho Seonghee , Kim Sooyeol , Lee Hun Whee , Li Zhuyi Angelina
Published: September 2023

Safety literature has traditionally focused on identifying and managing risk factors that lead to safety outcomes (e.g., injuries, accidents, death) at work. The current study takes a new perspective on employee safety and proposes that safety‐related experience has more general work implications. Drawing on theories of stress coping and workplace anxiety, we test a mechanism on how employees’ daily experiences of safety threats are related to their work behavior via negative emotional reactions. Specifically, we focus on employees’ experiences of safety violations on the way to work and at work during the ongoing struggles with COVID‐19. Our daily diary study (Level 1 N = 778, Level 2 N = 84; office workers in South Korea) shows that experiencing safety violations during the daily commute and at work is associated with increased state health anxiety at work, which then translates into work withdrawal on that day. Furthermore, we introduce organizational safety climate as an important mitigating factor of this stress‐coping process, as such a climate can emphasize management's commitment to safety.
The effects of virtual nature exposure on pro‐environmental behaviour
Authors: Yu Tingting , Hao Xiaojuan , Lange Florian
Published: September 2023

Exposure to (virtual) natural environments may encourage people to care about environmental protection and to engage in pro‐environmental behaviour. Previous research on this effect produced inconsistent results, suggesting that it may depend on the type of nature and behaviour under study. In the present study (N = 266), we investigated nature exposure effects on effortful pro‐environmental behaviour in an online experiment. After watching pictures of either intact or destroyed natural environments, participants could exert voluntary extra efforts to generate real donations to an environmental organisation. In comparison to the intact nature condition, participants exerted significantly more effort for environmental protection after being exposed to pictures of destroyed nature. No clear differences were observed between the nature exposure conditions and a no‐picture control condition. These findings illustrate the complexity of nature exposure effects and suggest that different types of nature exposure may differentially affect people's pro‐environmental behaviour.
BGNet: Boundary‐guided network for polyp segmentation
Authors: Gao Shanglei , Zhan Yinwei , Chen Zijun
Published: September 2023

Colonoscopy is one of the most direct and effective methods for detecting colon polyps; they are crucial for early screening and prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC). Accurate segmentation of polyp images is significant for the clinical management and treatment of CRC. However, polyp image segmentation is a challenging task because polyps vary in size, shape, and color, and have low contrast with the surrounding tissue and mucosa. To address these challenges, we propose a novel network called BGNet for polyp segmentation. BGNet consists of three modules: a boundary feature extraction module (BFEM), a mutual optimization module (MOM), and a convolutional attention module (CBAM). The BFEM extracts boundary features and predicts boundary maps, which complement and guide region features to accurately predict polyp regions and help BGNet generate precise prediction masks. The MOM optimizes the extracted features to enhance fine‐grained feature representation. The CBAM performs attention operations on the feature map to focus on informative regions and suppress irrelevant information. We conduct quantitative and qualitative evaluations on five benchmark datasets, and the results show that BGNet outperforms other methods and has strong learning ability and generalization ability.
The spouse effect and CEO risk‐taking
Authors: Du Qianqian , Li Valerie , Wang Lin
Published: September 2023

We examine how a CEO's family life affects their corporate decisions. Specifically, we investigate whether a CEO's spouse's professional status affects the CEO's risk‐taking behavior. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms from the 2010 to 2012 period, we find evidence that CEOs with spouses who are professionals, defined as working spouses, spouses holding graduate degrees, or spouses graduated from Ivy League schools, tend to adopt riskier corporate policies. Our evidence suggests that firms led by CEOs with professional spouses exhibit higher accounting return volatility, make more aggressive financial reporting decisions, and invest more in risky assets. We do not find a significant association between professional spouses and firms’ market return volatility. Our results are consistent with the indirect channel theory, which suggests that CEOs with professional spouses might be inclined to undertake higher risks, potentially stemming from heightened conflicts between family and work commitments or improved wealth diversification attributed to their spouses' professional standing.
Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal protective effects on heart of hibernating Daurian ground squirrels
Authors: Yang Yingyu , Hao Ziwei , An Ning , Han Yuting , Miao Weilan , Storey Kenneth B. , Lefai Etienne , Liu Xiaoxuan , Wang Junshu , Liu Shuo , Xie Manjiang , Chang Hui
Published: September 2023

Hibernating mammals are natural models of resistance to ischemia, hypoxia‐reperfusion injury, and hypothermia. Daurian ground squirrels (spermophilus dauricus) can adapt to endure multiple torpor‐arousal cycles without sustaining cardiac damage. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms that underlie this adaptive response are not yet fully understood. This study investigates morphological, functional, genetic, and metabolic changes that occur in the heart of ground squirrels in three groups: summer active (SA), late torpor (LT), and interbout arousal (IBA). Morphological and functional changes in the heart were measured using hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) staining, Masson staining, echocardiography, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results showed significant changes in cardiac function in the LT group as compared with SA or IBA groups, but no irreversible damage occurred. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenotypic changes, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted to assess differential changes in gene expression and metabolite levels in the three groups of ground squirrels, with a focus on GO and KEGG pathway analysis. Transcriptomic analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were involved in the remodeling of cytoskeletal proteins, reduction in protein synthesis, and downregulation of the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway during hibernation (including LT and IBA groups), as compared with the SA group. Metabolomic analysis revealed increased free amino acids, activation of the glutathione antioxidant system, altered cardiac fatty acid metabolic preferences, and enhanced pentose phosphate pathway activity during hibernation as compared with the SA group. Combining the transcriptomic and metabolomic data, active mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and creatine‐phosphocreatine energy shuttle systems were observed, as well as inhibition of ferroptosis signaling pathways during hibernation as compared with the SA group. In conclusion, these results provide new insights into cardio‐protection in hibernators from the perspective of gene and metabolite changes and deepen our understanding of adaptive cardio‐protection mechanisms in mammalian hibernators.
Applying the R = MC2 implementation science heuristic to assess the impact of readiness on reach and implementation of a population‐wide genomic screening program
Authors: Allen Caitlin G. , Hunt Kelly J. , Jackson Amy , Baierl Joseph , McMahon Lori L. , Judge Daniel P.
Published: September 2023

Population‐wide genomic screening for genes that have high penetrance and clinical actionability enhances the opportunity to identify individuals at risk for developing hereditary conditions. Organizational readiness has been shown to influence the likelihood of successful implementation of complex initiatives such as the integration of population‐wide genomic screening in clinical settings. We use the organizational readiness heuristic R = MC2 to better understand three factors that influence readiness for implementation of In Our DNA SC, a population‐wide genomic screening program: motivation to implement, general capacity of an organization, and innovation‐specific capacities. We then assessed the influence of these readiness factors on implementation outcomes of reach (measured through enrollment rate) and implementation (measured through the number of DNA samples collected). Data were collected pre‐implementation and captured during the three‐month pilot phase of the In Our DNA SC program. We collected administrative data from the electronic health record and quantitatively captured elements of readiness through surveys distributed to provider champions and clinical administrative champions at the 10 sites implementing the population‐wide genomic screening program. We facilitated innovation‐specific capacity through training offered at each site, as well as technical assistance through weekly meetings with other implementing sites, and resources available to all staff. Forty percent of provider champions attended training and 80% of administrative champions attended training. An average of 3.7 additional staff were trained at each implementing site. Satisfaction with training positively influenced reach (β = 0.0121, p = 0.0271) but did not impact implementation. Provider engagement (innovation capabilities) was associated with reach (β = 0.0020, p = 0.0251) and clinical administrator engagement was associated with sample collection rate (β = 0.2599, β = 0.038). Readiness to change is considered one of the most important factors in understanding the potential opportunity for implementation. We found that motivation to adopt a population‐wide genomic screening program positively impacted the program's reach. The type of champion influenced discrete outcomes, with provider champions positively impacting reach and administrative champions influencing implementation (assessed through sample collection rate). As genomics continues to be integrated into clinical practice, it will be important to understand the contextual factors that influence readiness for implementation and design support throughout the life‐course of implementation to ensure the success of large‐scale, complex initiatives.
The effects of resident work hours on well‐being, performance, and education: A review from a Japanese perspective
Authors: Nagasaki Kazuya , Kobayashi Hiroyuki
Published: September 2023

This article examines the impact of working‐hour restrictions on the well‐being, performance, and education of medical residents in Japan. Despite Japan's plan to introduce new regulations for resident working hours by 2024, there is still an ongoing debate regarding their appropriateness. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current regulations of resident working hours worldwide, with a specific focus on weekly hours. The varying regulations are highlighted, including the 80‐hour‐per‐week regulation in the United States and the 48‐h‐per‐week regulation in the European Union influencing other regions. The article also discusses the effectiveness of working‐hour restrictions on residents' mental health, with shorter working hours having potentially greater benefits. However, the impacts on medical safety and resident education are mixed, and further reduction in working hours must be carefully considered to avoid adverse effects. The planned changes to working‐hour limits for residents in Japan offer a unique opportunity to gain new evidence on the impact of such regulations, which will be of interest to policymakers and researchers worldwide.
Evaluation of statistical methods used to meta‐analyse results from interrupted time series studies: A simulation study
Authors: Korevaar Elizabeth , Turner Simon L. , Forbes Andrew B. , Karahalios Amalia , Taljaard Monica , McKenzie Joanne E.
Published: September 2023

Interrupted time series (ITS) are often meta‐analysed to inform public health and policy decisions but examination of the statistical methods for ITS analysis and meta‐analysis in this context is limited. We simulated meta‐analyses of ITS studies with continuous outcome data, analysed the studies using segmented linear regression with two estimation methods [ordinary least squares (OLS) and restricted maximum likelihood (REML)], and meta‐analysed the immediate level‐ and slope‐change effect estimates using fixed‐effect and (multiple) random‐effects meta‐analysis methods. Simulation design parameters included varying series length; magnitude of lag‐1 autocorrelation; magnitude of level‐ and slope‐changes; number of included studies; and, effect size heterogeneity. All meta‐analysis methods yielded unbiased estimates of the interruption effects. All random effects meta‐analysis methods yielded coverage close to the nominal level, irrespective of the ITS analysis method used and other design parameters. However, heterogeneity was frequently overestimated in scenarios where the ITS study standard errors were underestimated, which occurred for short series or when the ITS analysis method did not appropriately account for autocorrelation. The performance of meta‐analysis methods depends on the design and analysis of the included ITS studies. Although all random effects methods performed well in terms of coverage, irrespective of the ITS analysis method, we recommend the use of effect estimates calculated from ITS methods that adjust for autocorrelation when possible. Doing so will likely to lead to more accurate estimates of the heterogeneity variance.
Response of soil respiration and carbon budget to irrigation quantity/quality and biochar addition in a mulched maize field under drip irrigation
Authors: Chen Yang , Wang Lu , Tong Ling , Hao Xinmei , Ding Risheng , Li Sien , Kang Shaozhong
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Biochar addition strongly alters net carbon (C) balance in agroecosystems. However, the effects of biochar addition on net C balance of maize field under various irrigation water quantities and qualities remains unclear. Thus, a field experiment combining two irrigation levels of full (W1) and deficit irrigation (W2 = 1/2 W1), two water salinity levels of fresh (S0, 0.71 g L−1) and brackish water (S1, 4 g L−1), and two biochar addition rates of 0 t ha−1 (B0) and 60 t ha−1 (B1) was conducted to investigate soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, maize C sequestration and C budget.

RESULTS

Compared with W1, W2 reduced average cumulative CO2 emissions by 6.5% and 19.9% for 2020 and 2021, respectively. The average cumulative CO2 emissions under W1S1 treatments were 5.4% and 22.3% lower than W1S0 for 2020 and 2021, respectively, whereas W2S0 and W2S1 had similar cumulative CO2 emissions in both years. Biochar addition significantly increased cumulative CO2 emissions by 17.8–23.5% for all water and salt treatments in 2020, and reduced average cumulative CO2 emissions by 11.9% for W1 but enhanced it by 8.0% for W2 in 2021. Except for W2S1, biochar addition effectively increased total maize C sequestration by 6.9–14.8% for the other three treatments through ameliorating water and salt stress over the 2 years. Compared with W1S0, W1S1 did not affect net C sequestration, but W2 treatments significantly decreased it. Biochar addition increased net C sequestration by 39.47–43.65 t C ha−1 for four water and salt treatments for the 2 years.

CONCLUSION

These findings demonstrate that biochar addition is an effective strategy to increase both crop C sequestration and soil C storage under suitable water‐saving irrigation methods in arid regions with limited freshwater resources. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Respiratory Sensing Lead Malfunction in Upper Airway Stimulation: A Single Institution Report
Authors: Islam Albina S. , Pingree Graham , Chafin Andrew , Fitzpatrick Thomas H. , Nord Ryan S.
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Upper airway stimulation (UAS) is an effective treatment for patients with obstructive sleep apnea. The device consists of a stimulating electrode, an internal pulse generator, and a respiratory sensing lead. The purpose of this study is to characterize the incidence of sensing lead malfunction necessitating revision surgery in a high‐volume center in conjunction with a review of the FDA Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database reports on adverse events associated with the sensing lead component.

Methods

Patients age ≥18 implanted with the device were reviewed between July 2017 and June 2022. Those determined to have sensing lead malfunction were analyzed. The FDA MAUDE database was reviewed for reports associated with “Inspire Model 4323 Respiratory” and “Inspire Model 4340 Respiratory” between January 2014 and September 2022.

Results

One hundred ninety patients underwent UAS at our institution during the study period and four (2.1%) patients were found to have sensing lead malfunction. Analysis of the MAUDE database revealed 122 reports of adverse events associated with the sensing lead component, with 72% (88/122) of these requiring revision surgery. The most frequently reported adverse event was sensing lead tip separation from lead body, noted in 46% of these reports (56/122).

Conclusion

The functionality of the sensing lead component is vital to the integrity of the UAS device and is measurable through waveform analysis. To provide optimal care after device implantation, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of the scenarios in which this component fails, the incidence of such events, and appropriate management.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:1479–1484, 2024
Effect of different anion intercalations on the corrosion resistance of layered double hydroxides on the surface of LA43M
Authors: Zhang Jumei , Lian Duoduo , Li Jiacheng , Zhang Mengchun , Wang Zhihu , Wu Jingwen , Wang Chaochao
Published: September 2023

Layered double hydroxides (LDH) are widely used in the field of Mg alloy surface protection due to their interlayer anion exchangeable and physical barrier. To explore the effect of corrosion inhibitor modification on the growth and corrosion resistance of LDH coating, MgAl‐NO3−‐LDH precursor film was obtained on the surface of LA43M alloy by in situ growth method, and then MgAl‐V2O74−‐LDH, MgAl−Cl−‐LDH and MgAl‐ASP‐LDH were prepared by the ion exchange method. The morphology, composition, and corrosion resistance of the LDH film with different anion intercalation were studied systematically by scanning electron microscope, energy disperse spectroscopy, X‐ray diffractometer, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and electrochemical tests. The results show that the modified LDH nanosheets are larger in size and uniformly tightly bonded to the substrate, and the thickness of the film is increased. Electrochemical tests and hydrogen precipitation experiments demonstrated that all four LDH films provided protection to the substrate, and the corrosion resistance of the V2O74−, Cl− and ASP‐containing films modified by corrosion inhibitors was improved compared with that of the precursor films, among which the MgAl‐V2O74−‐LDH had the best corrosion resistance.
Smart speakers and customer experience in service contexts
Authors: Ruiz‐Equihua Daniel , Romero Jaime , Casaló Luis V. , Loureiro Sandra María Correia
Published: September 2023

The use of artificial intelligence‐based devices, such as smart speakers, is rising in frontline services, as such devices can perform several tasks for customers. However, little is known about customer responses to interactions with smart speakers that occur during service encounters. This research encompasses three studies intended to enhance our currently scarce knowledge of how customers respond to interactions with smart speakers during service encounters. Focusing on the hospitality industry, the first study shows that smart speakers improve evaluations of the hotels that use them in terms of customer ratings and positive affects. The second study demonstrates that automated social presence and psychological ownership feelings are key mechanisms that explain the development of valuable customer responses. The third study, which uses virtual reality, suggests that better actual behaviors are exhibited by people who appreciate the incorporation of smart speakers into services. Thus, the findings indicate that smart speakers improve service experiences, especially if used to carry out hedonic tasks usually performed by employees.
Variation in executive function relates toBMIincreases in youth who were initially of a healthy weight in theABCDStudy
Authors: Adise Shana , Ottino‐Gonzalez Jonatan , Goedde Lauren , Marshall Andrew T. , Kan Eric , Rhee Kyung E. , Goran Michael I. , Sowell Elizabeth R.
Published: September 2023

Objective

The study aim was to determine whether (A) differences in executive function (EF) and cognition precede weight gain or (B) weight gain causes changes to EF and cognition.

Methods

Data were gathered from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (release 4.0; ages 9–12 years old [N = 2794]; 100% had healthy weight at baseline [i.e., 9/10 years old], 12.4% had unhealthy weight by ages 11/12 years). EF and cognition were assessed across several domains (e.g., impulsivity, inhibitory control, processing speed, memory); BMI was calculated from height and weight. Nested random‐effects mixed models examined (A) BMI ~ EF × Time (i.e., variation in EF/cognition precedes weight gain) and (B) EF ~ BMI × Time (weight gain causes changes to EF/cognition) and controlled for sex, puberty, and caregiver education; random effects were site and subject.

Results

Variation in impulsivity, memory, learning, and processing speed was associated with greater increases in BMI trajectories from 9 to 12 years old. Weight gain was associated with a decrease in inhibitory control, but no other associations were observed.

Conclusions

Underlying variation in EF and cognition may be important for weight gain, but 2 years of weight gain may not be enough to have clinical implications for EF and cognition beyond inhibitory control. These findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the inclusion of EF programs in obesity prevention efforts.
Association of fat mass and fat‐free mass with all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in Asian individuals: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ying Zhijun , Wen Chi Pang , Tu Huakang , Li Wanlu , Pan Sai , Li Yizhan , Luo Yihong , Zhu Zecheng , Yang Min , Song Zhenya , Chu David Ta‐Wei , Wu Xifeng
Published: September 2023

Objective

The study's objective was to investigate the association of fat mass index (FMI) and fat‐free mass index (FFMI) with all‐cause mortality and cause‐specific mortality in the Chinese population.

Methods

A total of 422,430 participants (48.1% men and 51.9% women) from the Taiwan MJ Cohort with an average follow‐up of 9 years were included.

Results

The lowest (Q1) and highest (Q5) quintiles of FMI and FFMI were associated with increased all‐cause mortality. Compared with those in the third quintile (Q3) group of FMI, participants in Q1 and Q5 groups of FMI had hazard ratios and 95% CI of 1.32 (1.24–1.40) and 1.13 (1.06–1.20), respectively. Similarly, compared with those in Q3 group of FFMI, people in Q1 and Q5 groups of FFMI had hazard ratios of 1.14 (1.06–1.23) and 1.16 (1.10–1.23), respectively. In the restricted cubic spline models, both FMI and FFMI showed a J‐shaped association with all‐cause mortality. People in Q5 group of FFMI had a hazard ratio of 0.72 (0.58–0.89) for respiratory disease.

Conclusions

The mortality risk increases in those with excessively high or low FMI and FFMI, yet the associations between FMI, FFMI, and the risk of death varied across subgroups and causes of death.
Effects of short‐term supervised exercise training on liver fat in adolescents with obesity: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tas Emir , Landes Reid D. , Diaz Eva C. , Bai Shasha , Ou Xiawei , Buchmann Robert , Na Xiaoxu , Muzumdar Radhika , Børsheim Elisabet , Dranoff Jonathan A.
Published: September 2023

Objective

The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of a 4‐week, supervised, high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) on intrahepatic triglyceride content (IHTG, percentage), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and cardiometabolic markers in adolescents with obesity.

Methods

A total of 40 adolescents (age 13–18 y, BMI 36.7 ± 5.8 kg/m2) at risk for metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) based on obesity and elevated Fibroscan measured controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) scores were randomized to HIIT three times a week for 4 weeks (n = 34) or observation (control; n = 6). Liver magnetic resonance imaging proton‐density fat‐fraction (MRI‐PDFF), CAP, oral glucose tolerance test, serum alanine aminotransferase, dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry, and CRF tests were performed before and after intervention. Within‐ and between‐group differences were compared.

Results

A total of 13 (38%) and 4 (66%) children had MASLD by MRI‐PDFF (IHTG ≥ 5%) in the HIIT and control groups, respectively. The implemented HIIT protocol had no impact on CRF or IHTG (baseline 5.26%, Δ = −0.31 percentage points, 95% CI: −0.77 to 0.15; p = 0.179), but it decreased the 2‐h glucose concentration (baseline 116 mg/dL, Δ = −11 mg/dL; 95% CI: −17.6 to −5.5; p < 0.001). When limiting the analysis to participants with MASLD (n = 17), HIIT decreased IHTG (baseline 8.81%, Δ = −1.05 percentage points, 95% CI: −2.08 to −0.01; p = 0.048). Between‐group comparisons were not different.

Conclusions

The implemented exercise protocol did not reduce IHTG, but it led to modest improvement in markers of cardiometabolic health.
Facile microwave synthesis of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes for modification of elastomer used as heaters
Authors: Ali Imran , Shchegolkov Aleksandr , Shchegolkov Aleksey , Chumak Maksim Aleksandrovich , Viktorovich Nashchekin Alexey , Vasilievich Likhachev Kirill , Imanova Gunel , Kurniawan Tonni Agustiono , Habila Mohamed A.
Published: September 2023

Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized by a microwave method. MWCNTs had filamentous shapes (10 μm) and were intertwined in bundles (40–60 nm diameter). The rapid oxidation of MWCNTs with a loss of 90% of weight was observed from 530 to 630°C. 2% Residue was present at 630°C, which gradually decreased to 1.2% at 1000°C. In a silicone elastomer, increased thermal conductivity at a concentration of 8% MWCNTs was observed. The highest thermal conductivity of the nano‐modified elastomer was 0.48 W/m°C with 8.0 wt% MWCNTs. The highest electrical conductivity was 2.4 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 8.0 wt% MWCNTs. Both the thermal and electrical conductivities showed percolation behavior with the percolation thresholds at 6 and 5 wt%, respectively. The MWCNTs synthesized by microwave method gave a good power economy in comparison to MWCNTs obtained by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on NiMg catalyst. Microwave‐synthesized MWCNTs showed high stability at a potential of 250 V in an electrical resistance heater application due to the presence of Fe on the surface of MWCNTs. The developed heater can effectively operate at 220 V, which enables the use of the tubes in household appliances, such as heat fans, irons, and washing machines.

Highlights

Synthesis of MWCNTs by microwave plasma treatment of ferrocene and graphite.

Characterization of MWCNTs by different techniques.

Concentration dependence of electro‐ and thermal conductivity of MWCNTs in elastomers.

Electro‐physical parameters studies of elastomers modified with MWCNTs.

Heat generation studies in elastomeric matrix with MWCNTs.
The relationship between negative parenting styles and suicidal ideation among Chinese junior middle school students: The roles of negative emotions and hope
Authors: Guan Jinliang , Liu Baojuan , Ma Wangyan , Liu Chengzhen
Published: September 2023

Suicidal ideation is a prominent public health problem among junior middle school students. Previous researchers have explored the influence of parenting style on adolescents' suicidal ideation, but few researchers distinguished the influence of positive and negative parenting styles. The mediating effect of negative emotions between negative parenting styles and suicidal ideation and the moderating effect of hope among Chinese junior middle school students were focused on in this study. 877 junior middle school students in Hunan, Anhui, and Jiangxi provinces in China were investigated with the simplified Parenting Style Questionnaire, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Children's Hope Scale, and Self‐rating Idea of Suicide Scale. The theoretical models were tested through the PROCESS macro for SPSS. The results showed that: (1) Negative parenting styles had positive effects on suicidal ideation. (2) Negative emotions mediated the relationship between negative parenting styles and suicidal ideation. (3) Hope moderated the relationship between negative emotions and suicidal ideation. This study implies that we could start by improving adolescents' negative parenting styles and raising their level of hope to prevent and intervene in adolescents' suicidal ideation.
Multi‐perspectives and challenges in identifying B‐cell epitopes
Authors: Kumar Nishant , Bajiya Nisha , Patiyal Sumeet , Raghava Gajendra P. S.
Published: September 2023

The identification of B‐cell epitopes (BCEs) in antigens is a crucial step in developing recombinant vaccines or immunotherapies for various diseases. Over the past four decades, numerous in silico methods have been developed for predicting BCEs. However, existing reviews have only covered specific aspects, such as the progress in predicting conformational or linear BCEs. Therefore, in this paper, we have undertaken a systematic approach to provide a comprehensive review covering all aspects associated with the identification of BCEs. First, we have covered the experimental techniques developed over the years for identifying linear and conformational epitopes, including the limitations and challenges associated with these techniques. Second, we have briefly described the historical perspectives and resources that maintain experimentally validated information on BCEs. Third, we have extensively reviewed the computational methods developed for predicting conformational BCEs from the structure of the antigen, as well as the methods for predicting conformational epitopes from the sequence. Fourth, we have systematically reviewed the in silico methods developed in the last four decades for predicting linear or continuous BCEs. Finally, we have discussed the overall challenge of identifying continuous or conformational BCEs. In this review, we only listed major computational resources; a complete list with the URL is available from the BCinfo website (https://webs.iiitd.edu.in/raghava/bcinfo/).
String Model Building on Quantum Annealers
Authors: Abel Steven , Nutricati Luca A. , Rizos John
Published: September 2023

For the first time the direct construction of string models on quantum annealers has been explored and has been investigated their efficiency and effectiveness in the model discovery process. Through a thorough comparison with traditional methods such as simulated annealing, random scans, and genetic algorithms, it is highlighted the potential advantages offered by quantum annealers, which in this study promised to be roughly 50 times faster than random scans and genetic algorithm and approximately four times faster than simulated annealing.