bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation on stall characteristics of contra-rotating compressor with variable speed ratios
Authors: Wang Hao , Xue Fei , Yue Shaoyuan , Wang Yangang
Published: March 2022

By experiment at a low-speed large-scale axial contra-rotating compressor, the near stall points of 19 speed configurations were captured and the stall characteristics under different speed ratios were obtained successfully. The results show that the compressor with speed ratio greater than 1 are more likely to stall than the compressor with speed ratio less than 1 and the flow rate at the starting point of stall is at least 18% earlier, the pressurization capacity is at least 5.5% higher when speed values of the front and rear rotors are interchanged. At the same speed ratio, the dimensionless characteristic lines of pressure rise coefficient-flow coefficient almost coincide. With the decrease of speed ratio, the dimensionless characteristic line of contra-compressor moves upward. Through summing up all speed configurations' stall types and stall initial disturbance frequency, it can be found that: there is a critical speed ratio between 1.125 and 1.167 in the contra-rotating compressor studied in this paper. When the speed ratio is less than the critical value, the stall disturbance has the characteristic like spike stall. At this time, the initial stall disturbance frequency is higher with the speed ratio is smaller. And at the same speed ratio, the initial stall disturbance frequency increases with the increase of the average speed of the front and rear rotors. When the speed ratio is greater than the critical value, the stall disturbance doesn't rotate circumferentially.
Bayesian network parameter learning algorithm based on improved QMAP
Authors: Di Ruohai , Li Ye , Wan Kaifang , Lyu Zhigang , Wang Peng
Published: March 2022

Small data sets make the statistical information in Bayesian network parameter learning inaccurate, which makes it difficult to get accurate Bayesian network parameters based on data. Qualitative maximum a posteriori estimation (QMAP) is the most accurate algorithm for Bayesian network parameter learning under the condition of small data sets. However, when the number of parameter constraints is large or the parameter feasible region is small, the rejection-acceptance sampling process in QMAP algorithm will become extremely time-consuming. In order to improve the learning efficiency of QMAP algorithm and not affect its learning accuracy as much as possible, a new analytical calculation method of the center point of constrained region is designed to replace the original rejection-acceptance sampling calculation method. Firstly, a new objective function is designed, and a constrained objective optimization problem for solving the boundary points of the constrained region is constructed. Secondly, a new optimization engine is used to solve the objective optimization problem, and the boundary points and center points of the constrained region are obtained. Finally, the existing QMAP algorithm is improved by the obtained center points. The simulation results show that the CMAP algorithm proposed in this paper has a slightly worse parameter learning accuracy than the QMAP algorithm, but its computational efficiency is 2-5 times higher than that of the QMAP algorithm.
A relation detection method based on multi semantic similarity
Authors: Xie Jinfeng , Wang Yu , Ge Weiyi , Xu Jian
Published: March 2022

Relation detection is a critical step of knowledge base question answering, which directly affects the quality of question answering. Among the existing methods, the encoding-comparison method extracts text global semantic information for matching, which often ignores the local semantic feature of text sequence. The interaction approach performs the comparison on low-level representations based on the sequence local information, which fails to consider the global semantic information of the input sequences. To solve the issues, this paper proposes a relation detection model based on Bert model and multi-semantic similarity considering global and local semantic information. First, our model introduces Bert as a text encoding layer to represent questions and relations as sequences of vectors. And then, a bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) layer with the attention mechanism is used to analyze the local semantic relevance and calculate the local similarity. Finally, our model uses a distance calculation formula to measure the global semantic relevance between questions and relations. The experimental results on two benchmark datasets, SimpleQuestions and WebQSP, show that the proposed model achieves the accuracy of 93.92% and 87.81% respectively, performs better than state-of-the-art approaches.
An improved heuristic algorithm for the maximum benefit Chinese postman problem
Authors: Matsuura Shiori , Takazawa Kenjiro
Published: March 2022

The maximum benefit Chinese postman problem (MBCPP) is a practical generalization of the Chinese postman problem. A distinctive feature of MBCPP is that the postman can traverse each edge arbitrary times and obtains a benefit for each traversal of an edge, which depends on the number of times that the edge has been traversed. (Pearn and Wang, Omega 31 (2003) 269–273) discussed MBCPP under the assumption that the benefits of each edge is a non-increasing function of the number of traversals. They showed that MBCPP under this assumption is NP-hard, and proposed a heuristic algorithm which applies the minimum spanning tree and the minimal-cost T-join algorithms. (Corberán, Plana, Rodríguez-Chía and Sanchis, Math. Program. 141 (2013) 21–48) presented an integer programming formulation and a branch-and-cut algorithm for MBCPP without the assumption on the benefits. This is based on the idea of integrating the benefits of each edge into two benefits, each representing that the edge is traversed an odd or even number of times. In this paper, by applying the idea of Corberán et al., we improve the heuristic algorithm of Pearn and Wang. Our algorithm applies to the general case with no assumption on the benefits, and can perform better even if the benefits are non-increasing. We then analyze the efficiency of our heuristic algorithm in theory and in practice, and prove that it finds the optimal solution when the benefits satisfy a certain property.
Auf der Suche nach dem Heiligen Gral – Wirkfaktoren der
Gruppenpsychotherapie
Authors: Mattke Dankwart , Weber Rainer
Published: March 2022

Stellen Sie sich vor, Sie müssten jemandem, der keine Kenntnis
über Gruppenpsychotherapie hat, erklären, was das
überhaupt ist. „Nichts leichter als das“, könnte
man antworten: Etwa 4–9 Patienten treffen sich in
regelmäßigen Abständen mit einem
Gruppenpsychotherapeuten. Sie sitzen im Kreis und sprechen über ihre
Probleme und Gefühle. Sie lachen miteinander, manche weinen, manche
sagen nicht viel, andere mehr und am Ende geht es den meisten Patienten viel
besser als vorher. Ihr Gegenüber fragt nach: „Das hört
sich spannend an. Aber wie funktioniert das denn? Wenn es ein Medikament
wäre, was wäre das für ein Wirkstoff?“
Territorial variation in territorial representation: the local base of Westminster MPs
Authors: Stolz Klaus , Linhart Eric
Published: March 2022

Territorial representation, the representation of local entities in the Westminster Parliament, lies at the heart of British democracy. In the recent academic debate, it has been asked whether local representation also needs a local representative and which specific characteristics would constitute ‘localness’ in this context. Investigating the biographies of 1108 Westminster MPs between 2010 and 2019 and exploring different dimensions of local base, this study examines the extent to which the demand for a local representative is actually fulfilled in the British Parliament. We discover a slow yet stable increase in the descriptive representation of the local (DRL) over time as well as notable variations across party and regions, especially among the constituent nations of the United Kingdom. Applying a genuine territorial perspective to our results, we link the detected DRL increase to the general territorialisation of politics in the UK. The fact that the political divergence of its constituent parts affects even the implementation of a core principle of British democracy is finally depicted as another indicator of the deep territorial divisions pervading British politics.
Measurement of three-dimensional track profiles on CR-39s based on the photometric stereo method
Authors: He Yuling , Li Zhiling , Zhuo Weihai , Chen Bo
Published: March 2022

To obtain more information about incident particles, a new method for measuring three-dimensional track profiles formed on CR-39s based on the photometric stereo method was developed. A new optical microscope system with 16 lasers and a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor camera was built to automatically capture the reflecting track images illuminated by the laser beams from different angles, and the track profiles were three-dimensionally reconstructed using a self-developed software. To verify the reconstruction results of the track profiles, both the openings and depth were measured with an atomic force microscope. The results showed that the relative deviations between the two methods of the openings were about 5.5% and the deviations of the depth were about 8.0%. At present, the reconstruction speed of a three-dimensional track profile is a factor of 400 greater than that of the atomic force microscope. The new method shows great potential for rapid reconstruction of numerous track morphologies. It is expected to be helpful for further studies on the energy and angle discrimination of incident particles in the field of nuclear measurements.
Jarzynski equality on work and free energy: Crystal indentation as a case study
Authors: Varillas Javier , Ciccotti Giovanni , Alcalá Jorge , Rondoni Lamberto
Published: March 2022

Mathematical relations concerning particle systems require knowledge of the applicability conditions to become physically relevant and not merely formal. We illustrate this fact through the analysis of the Jarzynski equality (JE), whose derivation for Hamiltonian systems suggests that the equilibrium free-energy variations can be computational or experimentally determined in almost any kind of non-equilibrium processes. This apparent generality is surprising in a mechanical theory. Analytically, we show that the quantity called “work” in the Hamiltonian derivation of the JE is neither a thermodynamic quantity nor mechanical work, except in special circumstances to be singularly assessed. Through molecular dynamics simulations of elastic and plastic deformations induced via nano-indentation of crystalline surfaces that fall within the formal framework of the JE, we illustrate that the JE cannot be verified and that the results of this verification are process dependent.
Effect of equilibrium radial position on horizontal instability of middle single null divertor configuration in the iron core tokamak
Authors: Xu Xin , Chen Zhipeng , Han Chu , Zhu Lizhi , Zheng Wei , Xu Jiayu , Yang Cheng , Tang Chouyao , Wang Nengchao , Ding Yonghua , Chen Zhongyong , Yang Zhoujun , Zhang Xiaoqing , Pan Yuan ,   J-TEXT Team
Published: March 2022

The unique high-field side middle single null divertor configuration in the Joint-Texas Experimental Tokamak is attractive in studying detachment, impurity control, L-H transition, and negative triangularity. Its equilibrium configuration with a horizontally elongated (or flattened) poloidal cross section causes position instability and difficulty in equilibrium control. This work disassembles the vertical magnetic field of each group of poloidal field windings and calculates the field decay index (n-index) at different radial positions. It is found that the instability growth time τg of horizontal displacement increases as the equilibrium radial position of plasma moves outward, which is beneficial to the position control. The simulation and experiments verified the effect of equilibrium position on horizontal instability. The equilibrium position slightly outward from the geometric center of the vacuum chamber effectively decreases the horizontal displacement oscillation amplitude and guarantees the controllable horizontal displacement.
Intralayer and interlayer synchronization in multiplex network with higher-order interactions
Authors: Anwar Md Sayeed , Ghosh Dibakar
Published: March 2022

Recent developments in complex systems have witnessed that many real-world scenarios, successfully represented as networks, are not always restricted to binary interactions but often include higher-order interactions among the nodes. These beyond pairwise interactions are preferably modeled by hypergraphs, where hyperedges represent higher-order interactions between a set of nodes. In this work, we consider a multiplex network where the intralayer connections are represented by hypergraphs, called the multiplex hypergraph. The hypergraph is constructed by mapping the maximal cliques of a scale-free network to hyperedges of suitable sizes. We investigate the intralayer and interlayer synchronizations of such multiplex structures. Our study unveils that the intralayer synchronization appreciably enhances when a higher-order structure is taken into consideration in spite of only pairwise connections. We derive the necessary condition for stable synchronization states by the master stability function approach, which perfectly agrees with the numerical results. We also explore the robustness of interlayer synchronization and find that for the multiplex structures with many-body interaction, the interlayer synchronization is more persistent than the multiplex networks with solely pairwise interaction.
Sustainable light-driven water pump using Büttiker–Landauer ratchet
Authors: Sugioka Hideyuki , Hatanaka Saki , Someya Yusuke
Published: March 2022

40% of the world's population faces a serious water shortage. To open the way for this problem, we here propose a light-driven water pump using a Büttiker–Landauer ratchet and examine the performance. Specifically, by using a small-scale model of a channel hydraulic radius of ∼3 mm, we demonstrate that the light-driven water pump having light-absorbing and reflecting parts produces a net flow of ∼0.27 mm/s (flow rate ∼10 μl/s) in a circular channel under the irradiation intensity of 160 W/m2. That is, we have developed a light-driven water pump that works under sunlight without a special energy supply. Furthermore, through the discussion about the scale-up model, we estimate that a 10-times larger-size light-driven water pump has the performance of flow rate ∼1 l/s with a high-pressure difference in the future. Therefore, our technology can help to achieve sustainable transport of water or fluids.
A direct approach to calculate the temperature dependence of the electronic relaxation time in 2D semiconductors from Boltzmann transport theory
Authors: Tromer Raphael M. , Pereira Luiz Felipe C. , Ferreira M. S. , da Luz M. G. E.
Published: March 2022

We devise a simple heuristic method for obtaining the relaxation time and electrical conductivity dependence on the temperature of carriers in 2D semiconductors. The approach is computationally straightforward. It relies on the BoltzTraP algorithm (from the Boltzmann transport equation), on a direct fitting procedure, and on a proper scaling at a reference temperature. The approach provides a good estimate for the figure of merit ZT, an important characterization of thermoelectricity in materials. We employ our approach to analyze promising 2D systems for thermoelectric applications, namely, nitrogenated holey graphene (NHG), boron-doped NHG, and tungsten disulfide 2D-WS2. In all these cases, our results agree with computationally expensive calculations available in the literature at a fraction of the computing time.
A diamond-confined open microcavity featuring a high quality-factor and a small mode-volume
Authors: Flågan Sigurd , Riedel Daniel , Javadi Alisa , Jakubczyk Tomasz , Maletinsky Patrick , Warburton Richard J.
Published: March 2022

With a highly coherent, optically addressable electron spin, the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is a promising candidate for a node in a quantum network. A resonant microcavity can boost the flux of coherent photons emerging from single NV centers. Here, we present an open Fabry–Pérot microcavity geometry containing a single-crystal diamond membrane, which operates in a regime where the vacuum electric field is strongly confined to the diamond membrane. There is a field anti-node at the diamond–air interface. Despite the presence of surface losses, a finesse of F=11500 was observed. The quality (Q) factor for the lowest mode number is 120000; the mode volume V is estimated to be 3.9λ03, where λ0 is the free-space wavelength. We investigate the interplay between different loss mechanisms and the impact these loss channels have on the performance of the cavity. This analysis suggests that the surface waviness (roughness with a spatial frequency comparable to that of the microcavity mode) is the mechanism preventing the Q/V ratio from reaching even higher values. Finally, we apply the extracted cavity parameters to the NV center and calculate a predicted Purcell factor exceeding 150.
Supersonic jet generation by underwater sub-microsecond electrical explosions of wire arrays
Authors: Maler D. , Kozlov M. , Efimov S. , Krasik Ya. E.
Published: March 2022

Experiments in which supersonic water jets are generated by underwater sub-μs timescale electrical explosions of cylindrical and conical wire arrays are presented. These are compared with previous experiments [Maler et al., Phys. Plasmas 28, 063509 (2021)] in which the generation of supersonic water jets was demonstrated using a μs timescale generator. Although in the present experiments less energy is deposited into the wire arrays, the water jets acquire higher velocities compared to when the deposited energy is higher but the timescale is slower. That is, with a higher energy density deposition rate, faster radial wire expansion is induced resulting in a stronger converging shockwave and a faster waterflow behind its front. In addition, two dimensional hydrodynamic numerical simulations show that the formation of the water jet is the result of extremely high pressure at the axis of the shockwave implosion and the cumulative edge effect realized at the array output.
Reliable material characterization at low x-ray energy through the phase-attenuation duality
Authors: Buchanan I. , Astolfo A. , Endrizzi M. , Bate D. , Olivo A.
Published: March 2022

We present a comparison of between two polychromatic x-ray imaging techniques used to characterize materials: dual energy (DE) attenuation and phase-attenuation (PA), the latter being implemented via a scanning-based Edge Illumination system. The system-independent method to extract electron density and effective atomic number developed by Azevedo et al. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 63, 341 (2016)—SIRZ—is employed for the analysis of planar images, with the same methodology being used for both approaches. We show PA to be more reliable at low energy x-ray spectra (40 kVp), where conventional DE breaks down due to insufficient separation of the energies used in measurements, and to produce results comparable with “standard” DE implemented at high energy (120 kVp), therefore, offering a valuable alternative in applications where the use of high x-ray energy is impractical.
Analog synaptic behavior of mobile ion source-limited electrochemical RAM using CuOx oxide electrode for deep learning accelerator
Authors: Kang Heebum , Kim Hyun Wook , Hong Eun Ryeong , Woo Jiyong
Published: March 2022

We demonstrate the synaptic characteristics of analogously modulated channel currents in Cu-ion-actuated electrochemical RAM (ECRAM) based on an HfOx electrolyte and a WOx channel. Uncontrolled synaptic response is found as a function of the gate pulse when a Cu-rich gate electrode delivers mobile ions, presumably due to many ions injected from the infinite ion reservoir. As a result, we propose a CuOx oxide electrode to limit ion sources, which is indirectly validated by a physical examination of the degree of chemical bonding between Cu and oxygen, thereby boosting gate controllability over the channel. In addition, the HfOx electrolyte needs to be designed to facilitate the adequate migration of Cu ions, considering thickness and film quality. Using material stack engineering, the channel current of optimized CuOx/HfOx/WOx ECRAM can be steadily tuned via repeated identical gate pulses. The channel current and its change are proportional to the device area and the amount of migrated ions relevant to the gate pulse conditions, respectively. The homogeneous flow of ions across the entire area can, thus, be used to explain the obtained analog switching. The gate-controllable synaptic behavior of the ECRAM accelerates deep neural network training based on backpropagation algorithms. An improved pattern recognition accuracy of ∼88% for handwritten digits is achieved by linearly tuned multiple current states with more than 100 pulses and asymmetric gate voltage conditions in a three-layer neural network validated in simulation.
On the scattering of focused wave by a finite surface-piercing circular cylinder: A numerical investigation
Authors: Chen Songtao , Zhao Weiwen , Wan Decheng
Published: March 2022

For nonlinear wave–structure interactions, the high-frequency scattered waves can be identified within the drag-inertia regime, especially in steep incident waves where viscous effects are not negligible. According to previous studies, this unexpected phenomenon is highly associated with the local flow field, posing challenges to the existing harmonic-based diffraction solutions (mostly up to second-order). To overcome these shortcomings in potential flows, we establish a high-fidelity numerical wave tank to solve this two-phase free surface flow in the open source computational fluid dynamics framework OpenFOAM. We implement the ghost fluid method to eliminate the spurious velocities, mostly reported in two-phase volume of fluid solvers, in the vicinity of the free surface and preserve a sharp air–water interface. A modified generating–absorbing boundary condition is employed to achieve high computational efficiency without passive relaxation zones. Good agreement with experimental data demonstrates the reliability and accuracy of the present numerical wave tank in extreme wave conditions. On this basis, this paper numerically investigates the wave scattering of the focused wave by a finite surface-piercing circular cylinder, with emphasis on the flow mechanism. Three types of high-frequency scattered waves are identified in the near field, namely, Type-1, Type-2, and Type-1* waves. The typical mechanisms of each type are analyzed in depth with detailed flow field data, which confirms and complements the observations from previous experiments. More importantly, the primary vortical structures involved in scattering are extracted by the Liutex vortex identification method. The behaviors of these vortical structures could characterize the evolution of the high-frequency scattered waves and provide new insights into this strongly nonlinear phenomenon. An overall schematic of the wave scattering evolution in this complex condition is summarized for a straightforward understanding.
Lewis number and preferential diffusion effects in lean hydrogen–air highly turbulent flames
Authors: Lee Hsu Chew , Dai Peng , Wan Minping , Lipatnikov Andrei N.
Published: March 2022

Unsteady three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of highly turbulent, complex-chemistry, lean hydrogen-air flames were performed by changing the equivalence ratio ϕ, root mean square velocity u′, and turbulence length scale L. For each set of ϕ,u′,L, to explore the influence of molecular transport coefficients on the turbulent burning velocity UT, four cases were designed: (i) mixture-averaged diffusivities; (ii) diffusivities equal to the heat diffusivity κ of the mixture for all species; (iii) mixture-averaged diffusivities for all species with the exception of O2, whose diffusivity was equal to the diffusivity DH2 of H2 to suppress preferential diffusion effects; and (iv) mixture-averaged diffusivities multiplied with κ/DH2 to suppress Lewis number effects but retain preferential diffusion effects. The computed results show a significant increase in UT due to differences in molecular transport coefficients even at Karlovitz number Ka as large as 565. The increase is documented in cases (i) and (iii) but is not observed in case (iv)—indicating that this phenomenon is controlled by Lewis number effects, whereas preferential diffusion effects play a minor role. The phenomenon is more pronounced in leaner flames, with all other things being equal. While the temperature profiles TcFcF conditionally averaged at the local value of the combustion progress variable cF and sampled from the entire flame brushes are not sensitive to variations in molecular transport coefficients at high Ka, the TcFcF-profiles sampled from the leading edges of the same flame brushes show significant increase in the local temperature in cases (i) and (iii) characterized by a low Lewis number.
Characterisation of biochar produced from two types of chestnut shells for use in remediation of cadmium- and lead-contaminated soil
Authors: Zhou Pingfan , Adeel Muhammad , Guo Manlin , Ge Ling , Shakoor Noman , Li Mingshu , Li Yuanbo , Wang Guiyun , Rui Yukui
Published: March 2022

China is the major producer of chestnut, with 1.84 million tons of chestnut production, resulting in an enormous waste of chestnut shells. In the current study, shell biochar (SBC) was produced using the inside shell covering fruit, and the outside shell with thorns was used to produce thorn biochar (TBC). Both types of biochar were characterised through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). These analytical results showed a more obvious smooth surface and micro-pore structure in SBC. The vibration of C=O/C=C and C–O (phenolic) showed a significant difference between the two types of biochar. Sorption experiments indicated that the adsorption capacity of the different types of biochar for cadmium (Cd) did not differ significantly, whereas the adsorption capacity of TBC for lead was better than that of SBC. In the pakchoi cultivation experiment (28 days), the application of TBC (1.5%) promoted plant shoot weight, root weight, shoot length and root length by 465%, 143%, 109% and 97% respectively. The application of biochar effectively increased soil pH and reduced the bioavailability and migration of heavy metals. Besides, membrane integrity and chlorophyll content were enhanced because of the alleviation of oxidative stress. Noticeably, application of TBC (0.1% and 1.5%) reduced the Cd concentration in the root by 40–60%, and enhanced accumulation of Pb by 75–191%. Overall, our study demonstrated that 1.5% TBC has promising potential for remediating Cd-contaminated soil. Our study has demonstrated the remediation potential of chestnut and provided a clue for sustainable management of chestnut shell waste for further development of chestnut resources.
Cx43 hemichannels contribute to astrocyte-mediated toxicity in sporadic and familial ALS
Authors: Almad Akshata A. , Taga Arens , Joseph Jessica , Gross Sarah K. , Welsh Connor , Patankar Aneesh , Richard Jean-Philippe , Rust Khalil , Pokharel Aayush , Plott Caroline , Lillo Mauricio , Dastgheyb Raha , Eggan Kevin , Haughey Norman , Contreras Jorge E. , Maragakis Nicholas J.
Published: March 2022

Significance

Our results demonstrate that connexin 43 hemichannels are the conduits for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) astrocyte-mediated motor neuron toxicity and disease spread, acting as a common mechanism that can target both familial ALS and sporadic ALS populations. Furthermore, our present work provides proof of principle that tonabersat, as a drug already studied in clinical trials for other indications, could serve as a potential ALS therapeutic.
A microfluidic device for real-time on-demand intravenous oxygen delivery
Authors: Vutha Ashwin Kumar , Patenaude Ryan , Cole Alexis , Kumar Rajesh , Kheir John N. , Polizzotti Brian D.
Published: March 2022

Significance

The treatment of hypoxemia that is refractory to the current standard of care is time-sensitive and requires skilled caregivers and use of specialized equipment (e.g., extracorporeal membrane oxygenation). Most patients experiencing refractory hypoxemia will suffer organ dysfunction, and death is common in this cohort. Here, we describe a new strategy to stabilize and support patients using a microfluidic device that administers oxygen gas directly to the bloodstream in real time and on demand using a process that we call sequential shear-induced bubble breakup. If successful, the described technology may help to avoid or decrease the incidence of ventilator-related lung injury from refractory hypoxemia.
Drosophilafemales have an acoustic preference for symmetric males
Authors: Vijendravarma Roshan Kumar , Narasimha Sunitha , Steinfath Elsa , Clemens Jan , Leopold Pierre
Published: March 2022

Significance

Theoretically, symmetry in bilateral animals is subject to sexual selection, since it can serve as a proxy for genetic quality of competing mates during mate choice. Here, we report female preference for symmetric males inDrosophila, using a mate-choice paradigm where males with environmentally or genetically induced wing asymmetry were competed. Analysis of courtship songs revealed that males with asymmetric wings produced songs with asymmetric features that served as acoustic cues, facilitating this female preference. Females experimentally evolved in the absence of mate choice lost this preference for symmetry, suggesting that it is maintained by sexual selection.
The surprising underperformance of East Asians in US law and business schools: The liability of low assertiveness and the ameliorative potential of online classrooms
Authors: Lu Jackson G. , Nisbett Richard E. , Morris Michael W.
Published: March 2022

Significance

To date, researchers and practitioners have focused on the academic challenges of underrepresented ethnic groups in the United States. In comparison, Asians have received limited attention, as they are commonly assumed to excel across all educational stages. Six large studies challenge this assumption by revealing that East Asians (but not South Asians) underperform in US law schools and business schools. This is not because East Asians are less academically motivated or less proficient in English but because their low verbal assertiveness is culturally incongruent with the assertiveness prized by US law and business schools. Online classes (via Zoom) mitigated East Asians’ underperformance in courses emphasizing assertiveness and class participation. Educators should reexamine pedagogical practices to create a culturally inclusive classroom.
Posterior parietal cortex predicts upcoming movement in dynamic sensorimotor control
Authors: Li Yuhui , Wang Yong , Cui He
Published: March 2022

Significance

Most studies in sensorimotor neurophysiology have utilized reactive movements to stationary goals pre-defined by sensory cues, but this approach is fundamentally incapable of determining whether the observed neural activity reflects current sensory stimuli or predicts future movements. In the present study, we recorded single-neuron activity from behaving monkeys engaged in a dynamic, flexible, stimulus-response contingency task that enabled us to distinguish activity co-varying with sensory inflow from that co-varying with motor outflow in the posterior parietal cortex.
Retour sur la définition des noms propres
Authors: Kleiber Georges
Published: March 2022

Les nombreux travaux réalisés ces vingt dernières années sur les noms propres se sont avant tout attachés à mettre en relief leur diversité formelle et sémantique et leur fonctionnement discursif complexe. Avec comme conséquences, non seulement celle de reléguer au second plan la question définitoire des noms propres qui agitait auparavant le monde philosophico-logico-linguistique, mais aussi celle de la présenter comme dépassée, la distinction nom propre / nom commun n’étant plus qu’une opposition graduelle. Nous nous proposons dans cet article de revenir sur la question de la définition des noms propres avec comme principal objectif de montrer que la distinction nom propre / nom commun n’est pas affaire de continuité, mais représente bien une différence de dénomination qui s’avère capitale, parce qu’elle reflète une différence ontologique basique entre catégories et particuliers ou individus.
Effect of beam wobbling on microstructure and hardness during laser welding of X70 pipeline steel
Authors: Yang Hanwen , Chen James , Huda Nazmul , Gerlich Adrian P.
Published: March 2022

Laser welding with beam wobbling was employed to weld X70 pipeline steel. The influence of beam wobbling on weld surface morphology, fusion zone microstructure, and microhardness was investigated. The formation of spatter was suppressed by beam wobbling using a beam with higher energy density. At a welding speed of 1.0 m min−1, the weld metal produced with a circular laser wobble pattern contained more martensite but less ferrite, compared to that of static spot welded joint. The presence of more martensite led to the increase in fusion zone hardness. A softened region was found in the inter-critical heat-affected zone. The hardness of the softened region could be improved by increasing the welding speed (from 1.0 to 1.5 m min−1).
Demonstrating the use of a framework for risk-informed decisions with stakeholder engagement through case studies for NORM and nuclear legacy sites
Authors: Branko Kontić , Paul Black , Simon French , Alan Paulley , Ming Zhu , Tamara Yankovich , Michael Webster , Stephane Pepin , Tine Bizjak , Marko Bohanec
Published: March 2022

The international community has come a long way in developing a consensus that the remediation and management of naturally occurring radioactive materials and nuclear legacy sites will benefit from the use of the framework for risk-informed decision-making. Such a framework should ideally integrate risk assessment and decision-making. The framework presented in this paper specifically addresses the needs and expectations in the wider socio-economic and environmental context, as well as a narrower human health context. The framework was demonstrated as part of the International Atomic Energy Agency’s second Modelling and Data for Radiological Impact Assessments Programme. Three case studies, which have used or could use this integrative approach, are used for illustration. The first concerns remediation from uranium mining activities at Beaverlodge Lake in northern Saskatchewan, Canada, engaging stakeholders (also called ‘interested parties’) in the decision-making process on further options. The second case study suggests how decision analysis could support the selection of the best option for waste disposal for uranium ore processing at Žirovski vrh, Slovenia, taking into account a potential landslide and migration of waste throughout the adjacent valley in the event of flooding. The third case study presents the process and results of radiological safety assessment of the Kepkensberg sludge basin in Tessenderlo area, Belgium both before and after the disposal of material from remediation of the nearby Winterbeek River. It illustrates how such assessments could interface with decision analysis for the purpose of supporting the regulatory decisions related to future approval of a waste disposal option. Results show that formal stakeholder engagement in decision analysis provides a strong contribution to objective, robust, and transparent decision-making not only for radiation protection area but also in others where health and environmental impacts are of concern. A number of recommendations for future work have also been made.
Training low dose CT denoising network without high quality reference data
Authors: Jing Jie , Xia Wenjun , Hou Mingzheng , Chen Hu , Liu Yan , Zhou Jiliu , Zhang Yi
Published: March 2022

Objective. Currently, the field of low-dose CT (LDCT) denoising is dominated by supervised learning based methods, which need perfectly registered pairs of LDCT and its corresponding clean reference image (normal-dose CT). However, training without clean labels is more practically feasible and significant, since it is clinically impossible to acquire a large amount of these paired samples. In this paper, a self-supervised denoising method is proposed for LDCT imaging. Approach. The proposed method does not require any clean images. In addition, the perceptual loss is used to achieve data consistency in feature domain during the denoising process. Attention blocks used in decoding phase can help further improve the image quality. Main results. In the experiments, we validate the effectiveness of our proposed self-supervised framework and compare our method with several state-of-the-art supervised and unsupervised methods. The results show that our proposed model achieves competitive performance in both qualitative and quantitative aspects to other methods. Significance. Our framework can be directly applied to most denoising scenarios without collecting pairs of training data, which is more flexible for real clinical scenario.
Radial coordinate maps, radial vectors, and binormal vectors for 5/6, 5/5 and 5/4 edge island domains in W7-X
Authors: Schmitt J C , Kriete D M , Andreeva T , Geiger J , Grahl M , Schilling J , Thomsen H , Flom E
Published: March 2022

The edge island domain in Wendelstein 7-X consists of divertor islands whose position coincide with the location of rational values of the rotational transform

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4
)

and surround the main confinement volume (the ‘main plasma’), providing the magnetic topology for an island divertor. The 5/5 edge consists of five individual islands that are unconnected. In contrast, a single island connects onto itself after 6 or 4 toroidal transits in the 5/6 or 5/4 edge, respectively. Many interesting phenomena are related to these islands and diagnostic analyses require a mapping from ‘laboratory’ or real space coordinates to the island coordinate system (ICS). A procedure is described here to calculate several scalar and vector quantities for closed island structures which can be utilized in fast interpolation schemes for inverse maps. For the 5/5 edge, a fixed-boundary vacuum (zero beta) magneto-hydrodynamic solution of the 5/5 island is found with the Variational Moments Equilibrium Code, VMEC. The solution is compatible with already existing routines which determine the radial and binormal vectors of VMEC solutions at arbitrary laboratory coordinates. VMEC does not support solutions for the 5/4 and 5/6 islands, but the radial and binormal vectors are available in a local 2D Fourier ICS.
Photoluminescence of an InSb layer on a germanium substrate
Authors: Gozu Shin-Ichiro
Published: March 2022

InSb layers on germanium (Ge) substrates were studied and compared with those on GaAs substrates. InSb layers were grown via molecular beam epitaxy, and their crystalline and photoluminescence (PL) properties were investigated. As the growth of InSb on Ge represents the growth of a polar semiconductor on a nonpolar semiconductor, the polarity of InSb was controlled through the soaking of the group-V element and/or migration-enhanced epitaxy at the initial growth stage and using a misoriented substrate. The insertion of a GaAs buffer layer between InSb and Ge was found to considerably improve the surface quality of the InSb layer. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that the InSb layer grown on the misoriented substrate exhibited a better crystalline quality when it was tilted. However, one exception was observed. The origin of the tilt was discussed. By analyzing the PL emissions from the InSb layers, it was found that the intensities of the InSb peaks were strongly related to the crystalline quality. The PL emission from an InSb layer grown on Ge was successfully observed for the first time. However, the PL emission from the InSb layer grown on Ge was slightly weaker than that from InSb layers grown on GaAs substrates.
Investigation of the flux dynamics in KCa2Fe4As4F2 single crystal by ac susceptibility measurements
Authors: Gao Li-Xin , Wang Teng , Xiao Qi-Ling , Lu Wen-Lai , Chen Fei , Mu Gang , Ge Jun-Yi
Published: March 2022

Systematic ac susceptibility measurements have been performed to study the flux dynamics in a high quality KCa2Fe4As4F2 single crystal. The irreversible line in the vortex diagram is closed to the

H

c
2

(T) line suggesting the strong intrinsic pinning in this material. The critical field

H

c
r

= 0.4 T between single vortex pinning state and collective pinning state is obtained according to thermally activated flux creep model. The abnormal behavior in the single vortex pinning region that the activation energy U follows a

∼

H

−
0.53

dependence might arise from the planar defects of submicron scale. The strong field dependences of the activation energy in both regions suggest that artificial pinning centers are needed to enhance the pinning for practical applications. Moreover, the field and current density dependences of the activation energy at relatively high fields are determined as U(J,

H

d
c

)

∝

J

−
0.26

H

−
1.2

.
Characterization of ultrathin superconducting FeSe nanowires on SrTiO3 substrates
Authors: Liu Jianhua , Cui Wenqiang , Wang Heng , Zhao Dapeng , Zuo Binjie , Zhu Yuying , Liu Xueyuan , Zhang Zhen , Sun Bing , Wang Lili , Chang Hudong , He Ke , Xue Qi-Kun , Liu Honggang
Published: March 2022

Superconducting quantum devices, due to their ultra-low power consumption, high sensitivity and high speed, have attracted great attention in recent years and put forward higher requirements for fabrication technology. Here, we report on the first superconducting ultrathin FeSe nanowires on SrTiO3 substrates successfully fabricated by electron beam lithography and Ar plasma ion beam etching. As the superconductivity of the molecular beam epitaxial ultrathin FeSe film is highly susceptible by moisture and oxygen, FeTe layers were deposited for protection. We synthesized a superconducting ∼300 nm wide, ∼1.1 nm thick ultrathin FeSe nanowire with

T

C

Zero

≈
5

 K

(the critical temperature of zero resistance), as revealed by electrical transport measurements. The proper synthesis conditions of the high-quality ultrathin superconducting FeSe nanowires on SrTiO3 substrates are evaluated by analyzing the morphology and physical properties of the ∼300 nm width ultrathin FeSe nanowire. Our work may pave the way for future applications of air-sensitive iron-based superconducting films.
Mode-selective single-photon addition to a multimode quantum field
Authors: Roeland Ganaël , Kaali Srinivasan , Roman Rodriguez Victor , Treps Nicolas , Parigi Valentina
Published: March 2022

Spectro-temporal modes of light can be exploited for the generation of high-dimensional Gaussian quantum states. Such states are at the basis of continuous variable quantum information protocols where they have to support mode-selective non-Gaussian operations. We develop a general framework for single-photon addition on multimode states of light via parametric down conversion (PDC) processes. We identify the analytical conditions for single-mode and mode-selective photon addition. We show that spectral mode selectivity can be achieved in the type-II collinear down conversion, while single-mode condition are retrieved for noncollinear type-I and type-II processes. Numerical results are shown for photon addition in PDC process at near-infrared and telecommunications wavelengths.
Impact of SM parameters and of the vacua of the Higgs potential in gravitational waves detection
Authors: Freitas Felipe F. , Lourenço Gabriel , Morais António P. , Nunes André , Olívia João , Pasechnik Roman , Santos Rui , Viana João
Published: March 2022

In this work we discuss two different phases of a complex
singlet extension of the Standard Model (SM) together with an
extension that also includes new fermion fields, in particular, a
Majoron model equipped with an inverse seesaw mechanism. All
considered scenarios contain a global U(1) symmetry and
allow for first-order phase transitions while only two of them are
strong enough to favour the detection of primordial gravitational
waves (GWs) in planned experiments such as LISA. In particular, this
is shown to be possible in the singlet extension with a non
vanishing real VEV at zero temperature and also in the model with
extra fermions. In the singlet extension with no additional
fermions, the detection of GWs strongly depends on the
U(1) symmetry breaking pattern of the scalar potential at
zero temperature. We study for the first time the impact of the
precision in the determination of the SM parameters on the strength
of the GWs spectrum. It turns out that the variation of the SM
parameters such as the Higgs boson mass and top quark Yukawa
coupling in their allowed experimental ranges has a notable impact
on GWs detectability prospects.
Quantum algorithm for solving matrix equations of the form AX = B
Authors: Xu Li , Liu Xiao-qi , Liang Jin-min , Wang Jing , Li Ming , Shen Shu-qian
Published: March 2022

Solving linear systems of equations is of vital importance in various fields of science. With the scale of calculation soaring, classical computers are intractable, and the advantage of quantum computing is reflected. Quantum algorithm has exponential acceleration in solving the linear systems

A

x
⃗

=

b
⃗

for sparse and well-conditioned coefficient matrix A with dimension N × N. In this paper, we present a quantum algorithm to solve matrix equations of the form AX = B, where

X
=
(

x
⃗

1

,

x
⃗

2

,

…

,

x
⃗

n

)
,
B
=
(

b
⃗

1

,

b
⃗

2

,

…

,

b
⃗

n

)
,

x
⃗

k

and

b
⃗

k

are unit vectors. The problem can be intuitively treated as solving n linear systems simultaneously, which will needs

O
(
n
log
N
)

complexity by the famous HHL algorithm. We demonstrate that in our algorithm the scale of complexity is

O
(
log

n
N

)

. In the error analysis part, phase estimation is discussed in details.
Study on Microstructure Evolution of Ultrafine Crystallization of TA2 Industrial Pure Titanium
Authors: Yang Yu
Published: March 2022

Abstracts: The ultra-fine crystallization of industrial pure titanium allows it to have higher tensile strength, corrosion resistance and thermal stability. So it is extensively applied to medical equipment, aerospace, aircraft and passenger car manufacturing and other fields. In this paper, the multi-pass, medium-small thinning spinning process of TA2 industrial pure titanium was carried out to make ultra-fine crystallization of industrial pure titanium. The study analyzes the evolution of its surface micro-structure by optical means. The analysis outcomes indicate that the processing method of first strong spinning and then ordinary spinning can increase the grain refinement of the blank.
Design of water surface collection robot based on deep sea cage culture
Authors: Liang Yicha , Liu Can , He Taihua , Wang Lin , Luo Yingtong , Hou Mingxin
Published: March 2022

At present, the collection of floating garbage such as dead fish in deep and far sea cage culture waters mainly depends on manpower, which is not only difficult and inefficient, but also has great potential safety hazards. In order to solve the above problems, a water surface collection robot based on marine cage culture is designed and developed. The dead fish on the water surface are collected through the joint action of propeller and forearm drainage and retraction device. At the same time, the relevant performance indexes of the designed water surface collection robot are verified by making the prototype and water surface collection experiments, which meets the needs of simple and efficient collection and cleaning of dead fish in deep and open sea cage culture, so as to provide a reference basis for the practical application of the collection robot.