bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Understanding of Psychological Challenges Facing South African School Learners In the 21st Century: A Visual Explanatory Approach
Authors: Kanyopa Theresia Joakim , Makgalwa Matseliso Mokhele
Published: June 2024

The 21st century has brought rapid social, technological, and economic changes that have reshaped the educational landscape worldwide. Within this context, South African school learners face a multifaceted psychological challenge that significantly impacts their well-being and educational outcomes. These challenges are shaped by the unique sociocultural context of South African societies marked by historical inequalities, cultural diversity, and socioeconomic disparities. Thus, this study aimed to explore the understanding of the psychological challenges facing South African learners in the 21st century through the visual explanatory research design. To develop effective interventions and support systems, the study employed a qualitative research approach from the interpretive paradigm perspective to explain the researched issue textually and visually through its participants’ perspectives. The research context and the participants were purposefully and conveniently selected from two secondary schools in the Kwa-Zulu Natal province of South Africa. Besides, the study utilised the focus group discussion and drawing as a visual explanatory approach to generate data. Further, thematic data analysis was used to assign codes and themes. The findings indicate that South African learners are negatively impacted by the psychological challenges that come with the advancement of technology in the 21st century. This study suggests that both parents and the teachers must understand that technology brought both pros and cons to young generations; thus, guidance and restrictions should be employed in the use of technological devices for the benefit and well-being of these learners.
Effects of Terrorism Threat Levels Collaborating Stereotypes, Stigmatization and Prejudices on Perceived Interpersonal Social Support in The Reintegration of Ex-Detained Suspected Terrorists into The Community
Authors: Shammah Monday L V
Published: June 2024

This article gives important information about effects of terrorism threat levels collaborating stereotypes, stigmatization and prejudices on perceived interpersonal social support in the reintegration of ex-detained terrorism suspects into the community. The main aim of this research is to examine what effects is embedded in terrorism threat levels collaborating stereotype, stigmatization and prejudice on perceived social support in the reintegration of ex-detained suspected terrorists into the community’?. Sixty participants drawn from Kuchigoro Terrorism Internal Displaced Peoples’ Camp (TIDPC), Abuja, Nigeria were used for the study. A modified version of “Interpersonal Social Support Evaluation List: shortened version – 12 items” was used for the collection of data. One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data. Results indicated significant effects, F (5, 54 = 3.223, P = 0.05). This means terrorism threat levels collaborates stereotypes, stigmatization and prejudices impact on the type of interpersonal social support given to ex-detained suspected terrorists by members of the Community during their reintegration into the community. It was observed and recommended that, there is dire need of deliberate creation of terrorism education awareness and application of psychological interventions, as well as putting in place a mechanism for the resolution of interpersonal conflicts among members of the community. The study’s results imply that, the training programs of Correctional Services Personnel should include rehabilitation and reintegration skills.
Nigerian Democratic Behaviour and Protest Reportage in 2015 General Elections
Authors: Ani Kelechi Johnmary
Published: June 2024

Over the ages, the media have been charged with the statutory role of enhancing individual and societal well-being through unfettered sharing of information, values and opinions to engender informed decisions especially on political matters. Through communication, the mass media strengthens the capacity of individuals and groups in the society towards actively contributing to democratic growth, electoral behaviour and development. The question: how far have the media succeeded in discharging this social responsibility in Nigeria? It remains a burning national issue. This study presents the media role in expanding the democratic horizon in the country by focusing on the 2015 general elections and the reportage of protests that followed. The article went further to identify the diverse challenges facing the media, which include misinformation, stereotype and insecurity of journalists and offers plausible recommendations for enhancing the place of the media in democratic culture and governance in Nigeria. The study used mixed method to gather materials from the field on electoral protests. Histogram were used to present a clear analysis of findings, which were supported by secondary research. It found that there were discrepancies in the election reportage and also that the protests, which manifested during the election affected nation building activities and electoral behaviour in many parts of Nigeria. It consequently recommends peace journalism and improved media training for Nigerian journalists.
Load Shedding and Its Crippling Effect on The South African Economy: An Entrepreneurial Perspective
Authors: Pillay The Arianna , Beharry-Ramraj Andrisha
Published: June 2024

The country has experienced industry shutdowns, decreased productivity, educational setbacks, increased unemployment rates, and negative healthcare outcomes. Load-shedding in South Africa is primarily caused by inadequate maintenance, internal mismanagement, corruption, and a lack of skills. This issue has had a significant impact on small businesses, as they often lack the necessary resources to handle power surges, equipment damage, and the costs associated with replacing stock. This paper explores how load-shedding has impacted the South African economy from an entrepreneurial perspective. The research is qualitative and exploratory in nature, and it was found that load-shedding has had a significant impact on businesses' finances, resources, and performance. Load-shedding in South Africa has had a severe impact on the daily lives of people, causing disruptions in businesses, households, and the overall economy. Eskom, the primary supplier of energy in South Africa, has been facing significant challenges in meeting the growing demand for electrical energy, leading to job losses, decreased productivity, and a loss of billions of rands. Small businesses have been particularly affected, with an estimated 75% of them failing after being operational for less than three years due to load-shedding. To ensure small businesses have electricity to operate during load-shedding it is recommended that small businesses adopt alternative energy sources like solar power to increase the businesses’ independence and mitigate the effects of load-shedding. The South African government should also encourage and support small businesses to collaborate with successful renewable energy companies.
Exploring Parents’ Everyday Experiences With Digital Media: Barriers and Opportunities for Digital Inclusion
Authors: Robbeets Caroline , Bastien Marie , Jacques Jerry , Campion Baptiste , Roberti-Lintermans Margaux , François Aurore , Merla Laura
Published: June 2024

This article presents qualitative research findings on parents’ digital media practices. Through 32 in-depth interviews with parents of 0–6-year-olds in French-speaking Belgium, the study addresses digital inclusion by exploring the diverse ways parents experience and benefit (or not) from digital media. Our research uncovers the dual nature of digital media use in parenting, presenting both advantageous and problematic outcomes across four dialectical dimensions. Our work sheds light on how digital media can (a) offer informational support or constitute an informational challenge, (b) provide emotional assistance or cause emotional struggles, (c) grant access to social support or contribute to social pressures, and (d) serve as a tool for the daily organisation or complicate daily life. Our article also investigates the factors associated with either positive or negative outcomes. We show the role of personal, situational, social, and normative factors. To conclude, we identify strategies for childcare and parenting support professionals to promote digital inclusion among parents by addressing barriers to positive experiences and outcomes related to the use of digital media. By integrating the outcomes of parents’ experiences with digital media into discussions of digital inclusion, this article contributes to a comprehensive approach to promoting digital equity beyond questions of access and skills. It calls for user-centric strategies that consider the diverse experiences and concrete outcomes associated with digital media use and emphasises the importance of supporting parents and families regarding these tools.
PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP'S SECURITY STRATEGY
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Halaka S. , Kraiev O. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: June 2024

D. Trump's republican administration has substantially modified US strategic estimation of security challenges and threats, facing the country. The "National Security Strategy – 2017" became a fundamental basis of the security policy. The authors of the "Strategy…" believed Russia and China to be the main security policy problems, threatening the world status of the U.S.A. and a challenge for it's interests. The answer to the challenges should include deployment of the ABM system, capable of neutralizing threats, created by N.Korea and Iran. Opposing China and Russia, called "revisionist states", seeking to change the international status-quo, requires building up and modernizing arms and Armed Forces, in particular, security predominance in nuclear forces, space and cyber-space. An active role was designed for diplomacy and reconnaissance community, involving an increase of their efficiency. On the regional level, priorities included Indo-Pacific region, where the United States had to contain Chinese expansion, and Europe, where Washington intended to counter Russian subversive activity and aggression and to support NATO's defense efforts. Nuclear Posture Review (2018) was one of the key foreign policy strategic documents for the administration of 45th US President Donald Trump. In the context of increasing political and economic confrontation with the People's Republic of China and the aggravation of relations with Iran and North Korea, which were caused by the nuclear component itself, this strategy returned to the methods of confrontation and the nuclear deterrence of the Cold War era. It emphasized the complementarity of the power potential of the armed forces and the diplomatic levers of the international struggle. In the period of new aggravation in the international system caused by the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine, these very components of the doctrine can become prognostically effective for the current and future American administrations. This article is designed to analyze the key aspects of the National Security Strategy-2017 and the 2018 Nuclear Posture Review that relate to foreign policy and highlight the special aspects and tools that are still relevant for application by the current administration of Joseph Biden in the crisis of the international system.
SPECIAL SERVICES OF UKRAINE IN CONDITIONS OF CURRENT AND FUTURE CHALLENGES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Perepelytsia H. , Drozd A. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: June 2024

The article analyzes the optimal directions and ways of development of international cooperation, capacity building and reform of Ukrainian special services in the view of the current geopolitical situation, as well as current and future challenges to Ukrainian and European security.
Neural Networks in Forensic Expertology and Expert Practice: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Rossinskaya E. R.
Published: June 2024

The article, from the perspective of the theory the forensic activity digitalization as a particular theory of forensic expertise, examines the prospects for the introduction of neural networks in forensic examination and the current problems arising in this case. The author notes changes in the methodology and technologies for developing expert techniques in connection with the introduction of artificial intelligence algorithms — neural networks. The areas neural networks’ application for solving various problems of science and practical activity are outlined. Specific examples demonstrate the possibilities of using supervised learning algorithms for neural networks in forensic practice. A detailed analysis of the reasons why the use of neural networks in forensic science can lead to erroneous conclusions is given. Particular attention is paid to hallucinations of deep learning neural networks on large language models. There is a danger that an expert, relying entirely on a neural network, may give the wrong conclusion, since self-learning generative neural networks do not provide an explanation for why they made a particular decision. To develop expert methods for solving typical expert problems based on neural networks, it is proposed to create databases (Dataset) for various forensic objects for analysis and machine learning. To store the Dataset, it is necessary to organize repositories that can contain data sets on types (kinds) of forensic examinations. Dataset and repositories will provide data quality control and model verification. The article substantiates the need for new competencies of a Data Scientist — a specialist who develops tools for solving forensic problems when introducing neural networks and other artificial intelligence algorithms into forensic science, as well as a machine learning engineer working in contact with him.
Personal Identification as a Complex Task Subjects of Law Enforcement
Authors: Zinin A. M.
Published: June 2024

The article deals with the problem of the correlation of the concepts of human identification and identification by the signs of his appearance. Attention is drawn to the fact that these concepts are not identical. By identification analyzes only the signs of a person’s appearance that have a biological nature. When establishing an identity, a comprehensive analysis of such human properties as social, psychological, mental, biological, which together give an idea of a person’s personality, takes place. Attention is drawn to the fact that these properties are studied by various specialists, based on whose research the complex task of establishing a person’s identity is solved.
Media Analytics of Social Media for the Purpose of Expert Forecasting
Authors: Chubina E. A.
Published: June 2024

The article presents selected results of a social media study, which were conducted by the Media Security Laboratory of the Forensic Expertise Dept. Cases of masking destructive meanings and consumer disorientation in content using the disclaimer genre are described. It was concluded that the use of a media analytics tool is effective for the purposes of expert forecasting and legal education.
The Probative Results of Forensic Handwriting Examiners’ Examination
Authors: Bodrov N. F.
Published: June 2024

The author examines current issues of formulating conclusions of forensic handwriting examination in probable form and subsequent evaluation of such conclusions. The empirical material for the preparation of the article was the experience of practical activity of the author and materials of judicial practice, examples of which are discussed in the text. The main factors influencing the degree of categorical conclusions and ways to eliminate them by conducting additional research are considered. The article also contains a critical analysis of the practice of conducting forensic and pre-trial research in conditions that affect the degree of categorical conclusions of the expert. Practical recommendations are given on how to draw up a conclusion and how to formulate explanations to supplement the expert’s conclusions.
Current Issues of Payment for Forensic Examinations in Civil Proceedings: Legal and Organizational Aspects
Authors: Myskina X. M.
Published: June 2024

The author examines current issues of payment for forensic examinations in civil proceedings. The author identifies the problem associated with the imperfection of legal regulation of this area is identified. The article highlights the provisions of the Constitutional Court Resolution No. 43-P dated July 20, 2023 in the case of verifying the constitutionality of the provisions of the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation related to the payment of forensic examinations. The article also analyzes the emerging practice of applying this Resolution.
Self-similar solutions to a multidimensional singular heat equation with power nonlinearity
Authors:   Institute of Engineering Science, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazakov A. L. , Spevak L. F. ,   Institute of Engineering Science, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2024

The paper deals with the construction of exact solutions to a singular heat equation with power nonlinearity in the case of numerous independent variables with spatial (e.g. axial or central) symmetry. A new class of self-similar solutions is proposed, which reduce to solving the Cauchy problem for a second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation having singularities at the higher derivative with respect to the required function and/or the independent variable. The ordinary differential equation is studied in two ways: analytically and numerically. The analytical study uses a truncated Taylor series with recurrently computed coefficients, for which explicit formulas are obtained. The numerical solution to the problem uses an iteration algorithm based on the collocation method and radial basis functions. The numerical analysis shows the convergence of the proposed numerical algorithm and its sufficient accuracy enabling one to use the found self-similar solutions to verify approximate solutions to the original heat equation. Besides, the numerical analysis has allowed the radius of convergence of the constructed Taylor series to be evaluated. The form of the constructed self-similar solutions, namely their unboundedness near the symmetry center (axis), enables us to study the behavior and exactness of the numerical solutions to the nonlinear singular parabolic-type equation that have been obtained by the stepwise solution method proposed by us earlier and possess the same property.
Exact solutions to the oberbeck–boussinesq equations for convective stokes flows
Authors:   Institute of Engineering Science, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Goruleva L. S. , Obabkov I. I. ,   Ural Federal University, Prosviryakov E. Yu. ,   Institute of Engineering Science, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2024

To study large-scale convective flows (fluid motion in a thin layer), it is possible, for initial studies, to consider the Stokes approximation when integrating the Oberbeck–Boussinesq equation. The convective derivative in the momentum transfer equations and in the heat conduction equation is in this case assumed to be identically equal to zero. The paper discusses several approaches to constructing exact solutions for slow (creeping) flows of a non-uniformly heated fluid. Formulas for three-dimensional flows in the Lin–Sidorov–Aristov class are given for steady flows. The hydrodynamic fields are described by polynomials. Exact solutions are given for the velocity field nonlinearly depending on two spatial coordinates (longitudinal, or horizontal) with coefficients of nonlinear forms, which depend on the third coordinate. The study shows how it is possible to automate the computation of unknown coefficients for the formation of hydrodynamic fields (velocities and temperatures).
Paleoseismic Investigation of the Thousand Springs Fault, Northwestern Basin and Range, Oregon
Authors: Curtiss Elizabeth R. , Weldon II Ray J. , Egger Anne E.
Published: June 2024

Earthquake recurrence intervals, surface-rupture extents, and interactions between faults provide insight into how faults behave and are critical for seismic hazard mitigation and earthquake forecasting. Investigating the paleoseismology of spatially related faults can reveal strain distribution and whether faults rupture as a system or independently. Summer Lake basin, a graben in the northwestern Basin and Range with four active faults (three of which have prior paleoseismic investigations), provides an opportunity to investigate fault interactions. To expand the paleoseismic record, two trenches were excavated across the previously undocumented Thousand Springs fault, exposing a normal fault zone that offsets a sequence of deep- to shallow-water lake sediments, sand dunes containing reworked Mazama ash, and other Cascades-sourced tephra. Tephra units were correlated to known units by their physical characteristics, stratigraphic sequence, glass chemistry, and two new radiocarbon dates from the uppermost lake sediments. Using trench exposures, measured vertical separations through auguring, colluvial wedges, and extrapolated offsets based on a constant sedimentation rate, we identified at least five surface-rupturing earthquakes with a total offset of 3.4 + 2/−1 m in the past ∼65 ka. The oldest event (EH5) occurred at 63.8 ± 1.5 ka, event horizon 4 at 36.2 ± 12.7 ka (which could be more than one event), and event horizon 3 at 24.6 ± 0.3 ka. Event horizon 2, a warping event at our site, is likely more than one event and occurred between 7.5 and 10 ka; and the most recent event (EH1+), most likely more than one event, occurred between 3.3 and 7.7 ka. Several events correlate, within error, with events on other faults in the Summer Lake basin, suggesting that (1) the faults generally rupture together as a system, (2) the most recent earthquake may have ruptured all faults in the region, and (3) fault rupture is influenced by the rapid regression of Lake Chewaucan (∼13 ka).
Exploring the seasonal impact on appendectomy: incidence, patterns, predictors, and healthcare implication of appendectomy at Prince Ali military hospital
Authors: Al-Bdour Bilal , Alshoubaki Wael , Ayyad Rawan M. , Hamiedeh Murad M. , Alzboon Moath R. , Khlifat Mohammad S. , Saádeh Ahmad J. , Alhabashneh Ahmad T. , Al-lassasmeh Maysaa M.
Published: June 2024

Background: This study at Prince Ali military hospital in Al Karak, Jordan, investigates seasonal variations in appendicitis incidence and outcomes, assessing diagnostic and treatment strategies across different seasons. The aim is to understand how seasonal changes influence appendicitis rates and to evaluate the effectiveness of diagnostic methods and treatment approaches.
Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 321 confirmed cases of inflamed or perforated appendicitis from March 2021 to February 2024. Patient demographics, dates of surgery, surgical interventions, and postoperative complications were analyzed, with a focus on seasonal trends.
Results: Out of 394 reviewed cases, 321 (81.47%) met the inclusion criteria, showing significant seasonal variations in appendicitis incidence. Autumn saw the highest rate of appendicitis cases at 32.09% while the lowest was in Winter (22.12%). Regarding normal appendix, the highest rate was in winter (21.98%), and the lowest was in summer (13.09%). The mean patient age was 25.20 years, with a majority being male (66.36%). Open surgeries were the most common, comprising 91.9% of cases, compared to 8.1% for laparoscopic procedures. Diagnostic analysis revealed a very strong correlation between CT findings and histopathological outcomes (p=3.23×10^-11) and a significant but less strong correlation for ultrasound findings (p=0.000446). These results suggest that both diagnostic methods are effective, with CT scans showing a stronger correlation. The distribution of cases across seasons was 32.087% in autumn, 23.05% in spring, 22.741% in summer, and 22.118% in winter.
Conclusions: Significant seasonal peaks in appendicitis are evident, particularly in autumn, driven by changes in diet and viral infections. The superior effectiveness of CT scans during winter highlights the need for adaptive diagnostic strategies across seasons. These findings advocate for healthcare systems to seasonally adjust resources and diagnostics to optimize appendicitis management, with further research needed to expand these insights globally.
Explanation based on thermodynamic parameters regarding effect of sensing film thickness and amount of graphene oxide on sensor performance in aniline, N-phenylglycine and graphene oxide based electrochemical heavy metal ion sensor
Authors: Dutta Kusumita , Panda Siddhartha
Published: June 2024

Background: To construct a heavy metal ion sensor, selectivity and sensitivity are the key important parameters to be taken care of. In our earlier work, film thickness and amount of graphene oxide (GO) content in a novel composite ANGO, synthesized from aniline, N-phenylglycine and GO was varied and sensing parameters including sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD), thermodynamic parameter which includes -∆Gad and charge transport parameter including barrier width (BW), d, of charge transfer based on Simmon’s model were evaluated and compared and an LOD of 800 ppt for Cd2+ was achieved using square wave voltammetry (SWV) withstanding interference from several ions.
Methods: In this work, thermodynamic factors such as -∆Gad, ∆H, reorganization energy, partition coefficient and solvated ionic radius were used to explain the sensor performance with respect to film thickness and amount of GO. All the parameters were analyzed for different film thicknesses and amount of GO and a correlation was achieved. Finally, effect of electrochemical surface area of different polyaniline-based material on thermodynamic properties of detection process of Cd2+ was studied.    
Results: The variation of the thermodynamic properties for Cd2+ sensing with respect to film thickness and amount of GO were examined. Similarly, variation of thermodynamic properties for polyaniline based different sensing materials were examined. Correlation coefficients were developed from the thermodynamic parameters and the d values to explain the underlying mechanism behind improved sensor performance. 
Conclusions: This study can provide information on the thermodynamic properties which can be predicted from BW technique.  The correlation coefficients would help in designing polyaniline based novel sensing film material with the need of lesser number of experiments.
The Dual Mediating Effects of Peer Attachment and Self-Esteem on the Relationship Between Psychosocial School Environment Satisfaction and Career Maturity
Authors:   The Korea Association of Yeolin Education, Jung Joowon , Kim Eunjeung , Choi Jinhee
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine the dual mediating effects of peer attachment and self-esteem on the relationship between psychosocial school environment satisfaction and career maturity. Data from 309 high school students who participated in the 16th wave of the Korean Welfare Panel Survey in 2021 were analyzed. Using SPSSWin 21.0, reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, and correlation analysis were conducted. Additionally, the SPSS PROCESS macro 4.2 (Model 6) was employed for the mediation analysis. First, high school students reported high levels of psychosocial school environment satisfaction, peer attachment, self-esteem, and career maturity. Secondly, psychosocial school environment satisfaction among high school students influenced career maturity through the pathways of peer attachment and self-esteem. Furthermore, the impact of psychosocial school environment satisfaction on career maturity was found to be dual-mediated by peer attachment and self-esteem. Based on these findings, suggestions were made to enhance peer attachment and self-esteem in order to increase the positive influence of high school students' psychosocial school environment satisfaction on career maturity.
The Impact of Cultural Affinity-based Program Participation Motivations on Pan-Asian Sense of Community, Mediated by Educational Satisfaction
Authors:   The Korea Association of Yeolin Education, Kim Eegyeong , Cho Eunsam
Published: June 2024

Initiated in 2010 as a student exchange initiative between Korea, Japan, and China under the auspices of the their respective leaders, the CAMPUS Asia project was expanded in 2021 to include ASEAN countries, with the objective of cultivating a pan-Asian higher education community that extends beyond East Asia. This paper investigates the impact of students’ cultural affinity-based motivations for participation on the development of a pan-Asian community identity, and explores the role of educational satisfaction as a mediating variable. Utilizing descriptive statistics, simple regression, and mediation analysis techniques, this study analyzes survey data collected from 157 participants of the CAMPUS Asia Plus program, spanning from September 2021 to December 2022. The findings reveal that cultural affinity-based motivations significantly contribute to students’ perceptions of a pan-Asian community. Additionally, educational satisfaction was found to partially mediate the relationship between cultural affinity-based participation motivation and the sense of a pan-Asian community. These results offer critical insights into student selection and program management strategies that could enhance the efficacy of the CAMPUS Asia Plus project in achieving its educational and policy objectives.
Action Research on the Development and Application of a Concept-based Teaching Model
Authors:   The Korea Association of Yeolin Education, Jung Minsoo
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this action research is to develop a concept-based teaching model and present unit design principles and application methods for ‘deep learning’ in elementary school classrooms through educational technology. To this end, we formed advisory groups and working groups for the development and application of concept-based teaching models and analyzed cases of field classes designed and implemented as concept-based curriculum. In addition, we established a framework for developing a concept-based teaching model and developed the teaching model by repeating the process of case analysis, model planning, model deliberation, and model modification. As a result of the study, the concept-based teaching model was elaborated into concept recognition, concept connection, concept implementation, and concept transfer, and was categorized into inquiry topic classes, competency building classes, and project classes applicable to elementary school classroom classes. In addition, by reviewing the design-implementation-creation process of concept-based classes, the core principles of unit design and teaching methods that affect elementary school classroom classes were presented as: integration and purpose, diversity and connectivity, clarity and effectiveness, and creativity and immersion. In particular, through focus group interviews with the advisory groups and working groups that participated in the study of the concept-based teaching model, implications for the application and implementation of classroom teaching were derived by dividing them into instructor-led ‘expansion of conceptual understanding’ and learner-led ‘implementation of in-depth learning’ aspects.
The Relationship Between Problem-solving Abilities and Affective Achievement in Project-based Learning: Focused on the Mediating Effects of Self-efficacy for Group Work
Authors:   The Korea Association of Yeolin Education, Choi Jiyoun , Kang Seoul
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between problem-solving abilities, self-efficacy for group work, and affective achievements and examine the mediating effect of self-efficacy for group work in the relationship between problem-solving abilities and affective achievements targeting Meister high schools which conduct project-based learning. Analyzing 160 Meister High School students using SPSS and Process Macro Model 4, the result shows that the dependent variable, which is affective achievement, the independent variable, which is the problem-solving ability (problem-solving confidence and approach-avoidance style), and the mediating variable, which is self-efficacy for group work, show a significant correlation. In addition, self-efficacy for group work is completely mediated between problem-solving abilities and affective achievement, and sub factors of problem-solving abilities which are problem-solving confidence and approach-avoidance style are as well. Based on the results, it is found that self-efficacy for group work is a very important factor for successful project-based learning. And then, implications from the teaching methodological side are suggested.
El “Plano topográfico de 1857”. Los usos de una imagen y la construcción de fuentes cartográficas
Authors: Aguayo Hernández Fernando
Published: June 2024

Este artículo reseña el proceso de creación del documento cartográfico al que se le ha llamado genéricamente “Plano topográfico de 1857”. Al comprobar que existen ejemplares distintos a los que se les ha considerado como un mismo plano, se procede a describir los contextos de manufactura de los diferentes objetos cartográficos. En ese desarrollo se recuperan los objetivos hidrográficos del proyecto con los que el plano fue concebido y se realiza un recuento de las interpretaciones que ha tenido su publicación.
Research Insights: How Do Economic Crises Affect Reforms to Fiscal Rules in Latin America?
Authors: Hallerberg Mark , Scartascini Carlos
Published: June 2024

Economic crises may favor reforms in fiscal rules, either because they increase the cost of maintaining fiscal imbalances or because these imbalances are behind the origin of the crises. Banking crises would not necessarily explain fiscal reforms in some democratic governments in the region. Financial crises favor reforms the longer the crisis extends over time. If the crisis turns into a sovereign debt crisis, fiscal reforms are much more likely.
ESMEREJÓN Falco columbarius ALIMENTÁNDOSE DE UNA GOLONDRINA AZULIBLANCA Pygochelidon cyanoleuca
Authors: Arias Cruzatty Daniel , Romero Velásquez Jennifer
Published: June 2024

Presentamos registro de depredación del migratorio Esmerejón Falco columbiarus sobre una golondrina que identificamos como Golondrina Azuliblanca Pygochelidon cyanoleuca.
Boundedness of the Hilbert Transform on Rearrangement Invariant Spaces
Authors: Chaparro Héctor Camilo , Castillo René Erlin
Published: June 2024

In this self-contained review, the aspects about the applications of decreasing rearrangement techniques to the analysis of pointwise estimates for the Hilbert transform are analyzed. We make a consistent revision of these techniques in the proof of the $L_{p}$-boundedness of the Hilbert transform. This is a celebrated theorem due to M. Riesz.
Retroelements in targeted antitumor therapy (review)
Authors:   Bashkir State Medical University, Mustafin Rustam N. , Khusnutdinova Elza K. ,   Ufa Scientific Center, RAS,   Ufa University of Science and Technology
Published: June 2024

Background: Pathological expression of retroelements is determined in most malignant tumors, which reflects the pathogenesis of tumors, since activated retrotransposons cause genomic instability due to a cascade of mutual regulatory influence events between transposons, tumor suppressors and oncogenes. These relationships are reflected in the expression profiles of certain long non-coding RNAs and miRNAs in specific tumor tissues, since retroelements are key sources of non-coding RNAs. Since retroelements serve as drivers for the initiation and progression of carcinogenesis, it is promising to use drugs aimed at inhibiting their expression. The aim of the study: To determine the available methods of influencing retroelements in antitumor therapy, to evaluate the ways of their further improvement for the effective treatment of malignant neoplasms. Materials and methods: The databases Scopus, WoS, PubMed were used to analyze the role of retroelements in the development of tumors, methods of influencing them in the treatment of neoplasms. Results: Reverse transcriptase inhibitors have proven to be effective. Silencing of retrotransposons by acting on histone modifiers can lead to a weakening of the antitumor immune response; therefore, this approach requires RNA guides that direct the formation of heterochromatin in the area where strictly specific retroelements are located. A promising method is viral mimicry aimed at activating the interferon and T-cell response to artificially activated endogenous retroviruses. For this purpose, inhibitors of histone methyltransferases, DNA methyltransferases, and histone deacetylases are used. Their joint use is most effective, especially with PD-1 checkpoint blockers. The arrangement of retroelements in gene introns has become the basis for the development of spliceosomal targeted therapy, which also initiates an antitumor immune response to double-stranded RNA transcripts. We suggest the possibility of using antisense oligonucleotides targeting retroelements in anticancer therapy. Such approach is used to treat age-related macular degeneration, Fukuyama muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Antisense oligonucleotides targeting microRNAs, proto-oncogenes, and oncosuppressors are used in anticancer therapy and are closely related to retroelements, which could become promising targets for antisense oligonucleotides. Conclusion: In antitumor therapy, it is possible to use two diametrically opposed strategies for influencing retroelements: inhibition and activation. The most promising way is a combination of these methods with specific silencing of retrotransposons using guides (complementary RNAs) and stimulation of the expression of elements not involved in carcinogenesis, but activating the immune response.
Features of geriatric status in patients with arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease (review)
Authors:   Southwest State University, Agarkov Nikolay M. , Kopylov Andrey E. ,   Academician S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery State Institution, Titov Anton A. ,   Southwest State University, Negrebetsky Viktor A. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Osmanov Ruslan E. ,   Academician S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery State Institution
Published: June 2024

Background: Among the geriatric syndromes associated with the pathology of the cardiovascular system, in particular arterial hypertension (AH) and coronary heart disease as one of the causes of their occurrence, researchers call the syndrome of falls, senile asthenia syndrome (SAS), depression and cognitive impairment. The listed reasons indicate the relevance of their study and the implementation of preventive measures to reduce the prevalence in conceptual terms. The aim of the study: To analyze the geriatric status in patients with arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease, which will allow creating a plan for preventive measures to reduce the prevalence of geriatric syndromes in patients with arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease. Materials and methods: The analysis of the literature data on the geriatric status of patients with arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease published over the last decade was carried out: PubMed, Elibrary, Scopus. Results: Analysis of literature sources has shown that in the age cohort of senile persons, the prevalence of falls syndrome occurs in almost every second person, while 15-30% is in the group of 60-74 years. It has been shown that in predicting non-fatal complications with existing hypertension in geriatric patients with SAS, the pulse rate, systolic pressure, and laboratory parameters should be taken into account. The prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease with various geriatric syndromes in different populations of countries ranges from 0.5 to 73.0% and its frequency depends on the diagnostic method used by the researchers. Despite the heterogeneity of the available information, it is indicated that depression occurs on average in 26.8% of AH patients with geriatric syndromes. Cognitive impairments were observed in 60.0% of AH and coronary heart disease patients with geriatric syndromes, and they develop due to the fact that in patients over 65 years of age, previous drug treatment has been ineffective for many years. Conclusion: The collected data may make it possible to create a plan for preventive measures to reduce the prevalence of geriatric syndromes in patients with arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease. Further research in this area will improve the quality of life of this population, which accounts for a significant proportion of hospitalizations and outpatient visits.
The molecular profile people of different ages in «normal» and with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Kravchenko Kirill P. , Polyakova Victoria O. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Medvedev Dmitrii S. ,   Saint-Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Trotsyuk Dina V. ,   Saint-Petersburg Medico-Social Institute
Published: June 2024

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) is a cardiovascular pathology promising for consideration as a clinical model of premature aging of the body. According to the literature, sirtuins-1, 2, 3, 6; melatonin and its receptors (MT-1 and MT-2); markers of cellular aging (proteins p16, p21) and apoptosis (BAX) may have clinical significance for assessing premature aging of the body on the DCMP model. A comparative study of the expression of these molecules in people of different ages, depending on the presence of DCMP, has not been conducted before. The aim of the study: To identify and compare molecular profiles by the level of expression of the studied signaling molecules in the buccal epithelium and autopsy material of the myocardium in people of different ages with the absence of cardiovascular diseases and the presence of dilated cardiomyopathy. Materials and methods: A study of buccal epithelium (174 people) and autopsy material of myocardium (175 people) in patients aged 45-89 years for the expression of signaling molecules: sirtuins 1, 2, 3, 6, proteins p16, p21 and BAX, was conducted. Methods of immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical studies were used. Groups of middle, elderly and senile age with DCMP and without a history of cardiovascular pathology were identified. Results: Characteristic changes in the molecular profile (the level of the studied signaling molecules) in the buccal epithelium associated with age and the presence of DCMP were revealed: in middle–aged patients – a decrease in the expression of sirtuins 3 and 6 by 2,2-2,3 times, melatonin by 1,8 times and its receptors by 1,4-2,5 times; in elderly patients – a decrease in the expression of sirtuins 1 and 3 by 2,5 times; sirtuin 2 by 2,3 times; melatonin and its receptors by 1,4-1,8 times; in elderly patients – a decrease in the expression of sirtuins 3 and 6 by 3,0-4,7 times; sirtuins 1 and 2 by 6,7-7,3 times; melatonin by 2,8 times; MT-1 – 4,1 times and MT-2 – 23,7 times. An increase in the expression of p16 and BAX proteins by 0,6-0,8 times in the buccal epithelium has additional diagnostic information in the diagnosis of DCMP in individuals of different age groups. There is a correlation between changes in the expression of these molecules in the buccal epithelium and the autopsy material of the myocardium. Conclusion: Molecular profiles in people of different age groups, determined by the level of expression of the studied signaling molecules, significantly differ depending on the presence of DCMP. It is characteristic that the direction of changes in the buccal epithelium is similar to the corresponding molecular profile in the autopsy material of the myocardium.
Genre modification strategy (based on the example of Andrey Nemzer’s public speeches and reviews)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Syagina Elizaveta I.
Published: June 2024

The article presents the analysis of popular science lectures by literary critic Andrey Nemzer. The research is based on the radio series “Russian Prose of the Third Millennium”, in which Nemzer gave lectures on remarkable prose writers of the 1990s: N. Gorlanova, M. Vishnevetskaya, A. Slapovsky and A. Dmitriev. The author of the article compares Andrey Nemzer’s public speeches with thematically similar reviews published in “Nezavisimaya Gazeta”, “Segodnya” and “Vremya MN”. Similarities and differences are demonstrated by analyzing the content, structure and style of the selected materials. Thus, the research revealed that the genre of the lecture allows A. Nemzer to outline the writer’s career path, to conduct a reflection on previously read works at a different genre level and to extract one ideological line from them. By using many quotations, the lecturer gives literary texts another chance to be heard, but by a different audience and in another, new millennium. The article shows that by switching to a new format, Nemzer changes the presentation of the material. Thus, the critical space of the reviews, equipped with expression, questions and value judgments, is of an advisory nature, whereas the lecture cycle contains educational pathos. The public speeches tend to be more specific and explanatory. It is important that despite the differences, Nemzer remains true to the conclusions that he came to when he first read these works. He complies with the new genre, simplifying and clarifying the statements made by him years earlier.
Internet comments as a network genre: General characteristics, diological potency, classification problems
Authors:   Volgograd State Social and Pedagogical University, Kolokoltseva Tatiana N.
Published: June 2024

The article deals with current problems of modern communicative linguistics and network genre studies. The author presents general characteristics of such a relatively new network genre as Internet commentary. The research emphasizes dialogical orientation of this genre, which meets the urgent need of Internet users for feedback and represents a media embodiment of the addressee factor that is in demand and meets the spirit of the times. Internet commentary is characterized as a reactive (responsive) Internet genre, the texts of which are thematically, structurally, semantically and pragmatically closely related to the original (root) message (post) and form a kind of dialogic unity with it. The author offers a multi-level classification of Internet comments, taking into account the following characteristics: 1) attribution to the Internet resource; 2) discursive affiliation; 3) the nature of the stimulus that caused the reaction (text or polycode stimulus, video content with verbal accompaniment, video content without verbal accompaniment, etc.); 4) place in the information and commentary block; 5) structural characteristics (linear length; mono-code / poly-code); 6) content and thematic features; 7) the degree of dependence on the original (root) message.