bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of brain segmentation methods on regional metabolism quantification in 18F-FDG PET/MR analysis
Authors: Shan Yi , Yan Shao-zhen , Wang Zhe , Cui Bi-xiao , Yang Hong-wei , Yuan Jian-min , Yin Ya-yan , Shi Feng , Lu Jie
Published: September 2023

Background

Accurate analysis of quantitative PET data plays a crucial role in studying small, specific brain structures. The integration of PET and MRI through an integrated PET/MR system presents an opportunity to leverage the benefits of precisely aligned structural MRI and molecular PET images in both spatial and temporal dimensions. However, in many clinical workflows, PET studies are often performed without the aid of individually matched structural MRI scans, primarily for the sake of convenience in the data collection and brain segmentation possesses. Currently, two commonly employed segmentation strategies for brain PET analysis are distinguished: methods with or without MRI registration and methods employing either atlas-based or individual-based algorithms. Moreover, the development of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted methods for predicting brain segmentation holds promise but requires further validation of their efficiency and accuracy for clinical applications. This study aims to compare and evaluate the correlations, consistencies, and differences among the above-mentioned brain segmentation strategies in quantification of brain metabolism in 18F-FDG PET/MR analysis.

Results

Strong correlations were observed among all methods (r = 0.932 to 0.999, P < 0.001). The variances attributable to subject and brain region were higher than those caused by segmentation methods (P < 0.001). However, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)s between methods with or without MRI registration ranged from 0.924 to 0.975, while ICCs between methods with atlas- or individual-based algorithms ranged from 0.741 to 0.879. Brain regions exhibiting significant standardized uptake values (SUV) differences due to segmentation methods were the basal ganglia nuclei (maximum to 11.50 ± 4.67%), and various cerebral cortexes in temporal and occipital regions (maximum to 18.03 ± 5.52%). The AI-based method demonstrated high correlation (r = 0.998 and 0.999, P < 0.001) and ICC (0.998 and 0.997) with FreeSurfer, substantially reducing the time from 8.13 h to 57 s on per subject.

Conclusions

Different segmentation methods may have impact on the calculation of brain metabolism in basal ganglia nuclei and specific cerebral cortexes. The AI-based approach offers improved efficiency and is recommended for its enhanced performance.
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and their extracellular vesicles in liver diseases: insights on their immunomodulatory roles and clinical applications
Authors: Huai Qian , Zhu Cheng , Zhang Xu , Dai Hanren , Li Xiaolei , Wang Hua
Published: September 2023

Liver disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity that is rising globally. Liver dysfunctions are classified into acute and chronic diseases. Various insults, including viral infections, alcohol or drug abuse, and metabolic overload, may cause chronic inflammation and fibrosis, leading to irreversible liver dysfunction. Up to now, liver transplantation could be the last resort for patients with end-stage liver disease. However, liver transplantation still faces unavoidable difficulties. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) with their broad ranging anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties can be effectively used for treating liver diseases but without the limitation that are associated with liver transplantation. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in the characteristics of MSCs and the potential action mechanisms of MSCs-based cell therapies for liver diseases. We also draw attention to strategies to potentiate the therapeutic properties of MSCs through pre-treatments or gene modifications. Finally, we discuss progress toward clinical application of MSCs or their extracellular vesicles in liver diseases.
The Effect of Superplasticizers on Eco-friendly Low-Energy One-Part Alkali-Activated Slag
Authors: Refaie M. , Mohsen Alaa , Nasr El-Sayed A. R. , Kohail Mohamed
Published: September 2023

One-part alkali-activated materials (OP-AAM) have become a promising binder with low carbon and energy requirements associated with superior mechanical and durability characteristics. This study aims to employ commercial superplasticizers (naphthalene-based “Nb-SP” and polycarboxylate-based “PCb-SP”), as well as laboratory-prepared one (phenol–formaldehyde sulfanilate “PFS-SP”) in enhancing the properties of OP-AAM. The main problem of superplasticizers (SPs) in the AAM is their hydrolysis in the alkaline activator (NaOH) used in the activation reactions. Therefore, the thermo-chemical treatment process was utilized to mitigate the high activator alkalinity by impeding the NaOH in the aluminosilicate precursor matrix. The OP-AAM was fabricated from thermo-chemical treatment powder (TCT-P) resulting from sintering blast furnace slag (GGBFS) with 10 wt% NaOH at 300 and 500 °C. The XRD-pattern showed that NaOH was impeded in the GGBFS via sodium aluminum silicate phase formation after sintering at 500 °C. The results showed that the admixed OP-AAM prepared from TCT-P at 500 °C greatly enhanced the workability and mechanical properties. The PFS-SP proved its efficiency in improving the properties of OP-AAM prepared TCT-P at 300 and 500 °C, referring to its high stability in an alkaline medium. While PCb-SP reinforced the properties of OP-AAM prepared from TCT-P at 500 °C only, proving that PCb-SP promotes high capability in TCT-P-500 as well as in Portland cement.
Integrated impact assessment of climate change and hydropower operation on streamflow and inundation in the lower Mekong Basin
Authors: Ly Steven , Sayama Takahiro , Try Sophal
Published: September 2023

Water resources are key to economic development of the Mekong River Basin, but are threatened by climate change and affected by hydropower development. Knowledge of these drivers’ integrated impact on future hydrological alterations is limited, especially with respect to flood inundation in the lower basin. This study assesses streamflow and flood extent alterations by reservoir operations and climate change using the latest climate projections. A distributed hydrologic model is used to generate discharge and flood extent. Our findings indicate substantial changes in seasonal and annual peak discharge due to reservoir operations. Under the future hydropower scenario, the discharge at Kratie will change by + 28% ( − 10%) during the dry (wet) season. While the effects of hydropower operations vary by season, climate change tends to increase river discharge overall. Under the high-emission scenario, the wet seasonal flow at Kratie will increase by + 7% in the near-future (2026–2050), but change by -5% under integrated impact of climate change and reservoir operations. In the far-future, the wet seasonal flow at Kratie under climate change only (integrated impact) will increase by + 33% (+ 19%). Although climate change is the dominant driver of flow alterations, hydropower development is critical for reducing discharge and flood magnitude. Nonparametric statistical testing shows significant changes in the inundated area by up to + 37% during the projected periods.
World-first report of low anterior resection for rectal cancer with the hinotori™ Surgical Robot System: a case report
Authors: Miura Ryo , Okuya Koichi , Akizuki Emi , Miyo Masaaki , Noda Ai , Ishii Masayuki , Ichihara Momoko , Korai Takahiro , Toyota Maho , Ito Tatsuya , Ogawa Tadashi , Kimura Akina , Takemasa Ichiro
Published: September 2023

Background

The hinotori™ Surgical Robot System was approved for use in colorectal cancer surgery in Japan in 2022. This robot has advantages, such as an operation arm with eight axes, an adjustable arm base, and a flexible three-dimensional viewer, and is expected to be utilized in rectal cancer surgery. Herein, we report the world's first surgery for rectal cancer using the hinotori™ Surgical Robot System.

Case presentation

A 71-year-old woman presented to our hospital with bloody stools. A colonoscopy revealed type 2 advanced cancer in the rectum, and a histological examination exposed a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Abdominal enhanced computed tomography divulged rectal wall thickening without significant swelling of the lymph nodes or distant metastasis. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging showed tumor invasion beyond the intrinsic rectal muscle layer. The patient was diagnosed with cStage IIa (cT3N0M0) rectal cancer and underwent low anterior resection using the hinotori™ Surgical Robot System. Based on an adequate simulation, surgery was safely performed with appropriate port placement and arm base-angle adjustment. The operating time was 262 min, with a cockpit time of 134 min. Subsequently, the patient was discharged 10 days postoperatively without complications. The pathological diagnosis was pStage IIA (cT3N0M0) and the circumferential resection margin was 6 mm.

Conclusions

We report the first case of low anterior resection for rectal cancer using the hinotori™ Surgical Robot System, in which a safe and appropriate oncological surgery was performed.
Numerical study on the combustion process in a gas turbine combustor with different reference velocities
Authors: Gong Cheng , Zhao Shufan , Chen Weiqiang , Li Wenyu , Zhou Yu , Qiu Ming
Published: September 2023

The mixing and combustion processes under different reference velocities in a gas turbine combustor were numerically investigated using the Flamelet Generated Manifold (FGM) model based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) method. The flow and combustion fields show strong self-similarity except on the slow auto-ignition in the mixing layer between fuel-rich product and fresh air upstream of the flame stabilization position. The time-scale analysis was carried out to understand the combustion modes inside the combustor. In general, the residence time of the fuel-mixture is much longer than both the chemical time scale and the mixing time scale. Thus, the combustion properties in each sub-zone were dominated by the mean flow structures. Furthermore, the combustion process exhibits a mixing-controlled feature in total. However, partially premixed combustion still appears on the flame base. Most of the fuel was found to be oxidized in the primary zone and the intermediate zone; however, the slow oxidization reactions also play a non-negligible role on the whole combustion process. Finally, a sketch map on the space of mixture fraction and combustion efficiency was proposed to understand the mixing and oxidization experiences of the fuel mixture.
Managing diabetes in the psychiatric in-patient setting: knowledge, attitudes and skills of healthcare professionals
Authors: Goff Zoe , Sharma Vishal , Varvari Ioana
Published: September 2023

Aims and method

There is currently a lack of monitoring and standardisation of diabetes care in the National Health Service (NHS) psychiatric in-patient setting. We surveyed healthcare professionals in psychiatric in-patient units across England to understand current diabetes care. A 13-item questionnaire was piloted via think-aloud interviews. The survey was completed by healthcare professionals across 19 wards in 11 NHS mental health trusts. Results were analysed via descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.

Results

Of 150 respondents, 98% agreed that addressing physical health needs was an important part of the mental health team's role; 68% agreed that they had adequate skills and knowledge to manage diabetes safely. Thematic analysis identified themes relating to individual, organisational and patient-level factors.

Clinical implications

Psychiatric admission could be used opportunistically to improve the healthcare disparities for people with comorbid diabetes and severe mental illness. This national survey highlights areas that need to be addressed to optimise diabetes care in this setting.
Η σχέση της ικανότητας παραγωγής αποτελεσματικών γραπτών κειμένων με τις επιτελικές λειτουργίες και τη διδασκαλία για την ενίσχυση της φάσης του σχεδιασμού σε παιδιά Ε' και Στ' Δημοτικού
Authors: Κρετσόβαλη Άννα
Published: September 2023

Η παραγωγή γραπτών κειμένων είναι μια σύνθετη και απαιτητική διαδικασία που προϋποθέτει την ενεργοποίηση διαφορετικών γνωστικών διεργασιών του συντάκτη του κειμένου. Ωστόσο, σημαντικό ρόλο διαδραματίζουν και οι στάσεις, αλλά και οι γνώσεις που έχουν διαμορφώσει οι μαθητές του δημοτικού σχολείου για τη διαδικασία της παραγωγής γραπτών κειμένων. Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η διερεύνηση των σχέσεων βασικών γνωστικών λειτουργιών των παιδιών, όπως είναι η εργαζομένη μνήμη και τα υποσυστήματά της (φωνολογικό κύκλωμα, οπτικο-χωρική αποτύπωση, κεντρικό σύστημα ελέγχου, διαχειριστής επεισοδίων) και οι επιτελικές λειτουργίες της αναστολής, της εναλλαγής και της ανανέωσης της εργαζομένης μνήμης, του κειμενικού είδους, αλλά και των στάσεων και των γνώσεών τους για τη διαδικασία της παραγωγής γραπτών κειμένων με την ποιότητα των παραγόμενων γραπτών κειμένων και των σχεδιαγραμμάτων τους. Επιπλέον, η έρευνα αποσκοπεί στη διερεύνηση της επίδρασης μιας διδακτικής παρέμβασης με στόχο τον σχεδιασμό γραπτών κειμένων δύο κειμενικών ειδών (ιστορία και άρθρο) στην ποιότητα των παραγόμενων γραπτών κειμένων και των σχεδιαγραμμάτων των παιδιών. Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν 139 μαθητές Ε’ και Στ’ τάξης. Για τη συλλογή των δεδομένων χρησιμοποιήθηκαν κατάλληλα έργα για τη μέτρηση των τριών επιτελικών λειτουργιών και των τεσσάρων υποσυστημάτων της εργαζόμενης μνήμης, καθώς και πραγματοποιήθηκαν ατομικές ημιδομημένες συνεντεύξεις. Πέραν αυτών, υλοποιήθηκε διδακτική παρέμβαση σε καθεμία σχολική τάξη, ενώ οι μαθητές κλήθηκαν να γράψουν δύο κείμενα, μια ιστορία και ένα επιχειρηματολογικό άρθρο, τόσο πριν όσο μετά την παρέμβαση. Τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας έδειξαν στατιστικά σημαντικές σχέσεις ανάμεσα στις επιτελικές λειτουργίες, την εργαζόμενη μνήμη, αλλά και τις στάσεις των παιδιών με την ποιότητα των παραγόμενων κειμένων και των σχεδιαγραμμάτων τους. Αξιοσημείωτη ήταν η επίδραση της διδακτικής παρέμβασης στην ποιότητα των γραπτών κειμένων και των σχεδιαγραμμάτων των παιδιών. Τα ευρήματα αναδεικνύουν αφενός τον κρίσιμο ρόλο συγκεκριμένων γνωστικών διεργασιών και στάσεων των παιδιών στην παραγωγή ποιοτικών γραπτών κειμένων τους, αφετέρου τον σπουδαίο ρόλο μιας διδακτικής παρέμβασης με στόχο τον σχεδιασμό για την ανάπτυξη της ικανότητας της παραγωγής γραπτών κειμένων τους.
Σύγκριση προτύπου έκκρισης κυτταροκινών, τοξικότητας και έκβασης σε ασθενείς με σήψη από πολύ-ανθεκτικούς και πολύ-ευαίσθητους μικροοργανισμούς
Authors: Καραμούζος Βασίλειος
Published: September 2023

Εισαγωγή: H σήψη αποτελεί ένα δυνητικά απειλητικό για την ζωή σύνδρομο που χαρακτηρίζεται από μία καταιγίδα έκλυσης κυτταροκινών. Το αν τα επίπεδα των κυτταροκινών σχετίζονται με τα πρότυπα ευαισθησίας του παθογόνου μικροοργανισμού παραμένει αντικείμενο μελέτης. Ο σκοπός αυτής της μελέτης είναι να διερευνήσει την ανοσολογική απάντηση σε ασθενείς με σήψη από πολυανθεκτικούς (MDR – Multidrug resistant) και πολυευαίσθητους (non-MDR – non-Multidrug resistant) μικροοργανισμούς μετρώντας τα επίπεδα των κυτταροκινών, να συγκρίνει την έκβαση των ασθενών, αλλά και να καθορίσει πιθανούς προγνωστικούς παράγοντες θνητότητας.Υλικά και Μέθοδοι: Συνολικά εντάχθηκαν στην μελέτη 128 ασθενείς με σήψη, νοσηλευόμενοι σε Μονάδες Εντατικής Θεραπείας (ΜΕΘ). Καταγράφηκαν επιδημιολογικά στοιχεία των νοσηλευόμενων ασθενών σε ΜΕΘ. Κατά την εισαγωγή μετρήθηκαν συγκεντρώσεις στο πλάσμα αγγειοποιητίνης-2 (Ang-2 – Angiopoietin-2), ιντερλευκίνης 6 (IL-6 – Interleukin-6), ιντερλευκίνης 10 (IL-10 – Interleukin-10), παράγοντα νέκρωσης όγκων α (TNF-a – Tumor necrosis factor-a) και διαλυτού υποδοχέα ενεργοποίησης που εκφράζεται στα μυελοκύτταρα (sTREM-1 - soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1). Αποτελέσματα: Συνολικά 90 ασθενείς βρέθηκαν να πάσχουν από non-MDR και 38 ασθενείς από MDR Gram αρνητική σήψη. Τα επίπεδα του TNF-a βρέθηκαν σημαντικά υψηλότερα (p=.017) στους ασθενείς με non-MDR σήψη. Όλες οι προφλεγμονώδεις κυτταροκίνες ήταν σημαντικά αυξημένες στους βαρέως πάσχοντες ασθενείς συγκριτικά με αυτούς που είχαν χαμηλότερη βαθμολογία APACHE II. Οι ασθενείς με MDR σήψη είχαν σημαντικά χαμηλότερη επιβίωση στις 28 ημέρες (p=.008). Παράγοντες ανεξάρτητα σχετιζόμενοι με υψηλότερη θνητότητα στις 28 ημέρες ήταν η αντοχή στις καρβαπενέμες (OR 5.38 [1.032 - 28.12], p= .046) , το άρρεν φύλο (OR 2.76 [1.156 - 6.588], p= .022) , η βαθμολογία APACHE II (OR 1.126 [1.048 - 1.21], p= .001) και τα επίπεδα αγγειοποιητίνης 2 (OR 1.025 [1.001 - 20.1], p = .048). Συμπεράσματα: Η εξέλιξη του συνδρόμου της σήψης και η έκβαση της είναι πολυπαραγοντικό φαινόμενο. Παρ΄ότι τα MDR παθογόνα προκάλεσαν ασθενέστερη ανοσιακή απάντηση, χαρακτηριζόμενη από χαμηλότερα επίπεδα TNF-a , αυτό δεν συνοδεύτηκε από καλύτερη επιβίωση. Τα αυξημένα επίπεδα αγγειοποιητίνης-2, η βαθμολογία APACHE II και η αντοχή στις καρβαπενέμες φάνηκε ότι είναι παράγοντες που σχετίζονται με υψηλότερη θνητότητα
A complementary approach to measure construct validity of WHO QOL BREF in Indian multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients through psychometric property and factor analysis
Authors: Sharma Shweta , Kokane Arun M. , Krishna Subba N. , Joshi Ankur
Published: September 2023

Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) affects the physical, psychosocial  and inter-relationship structure and thus quality of life (QoL) of an individual. WHO QOL BREF is presumed to capture the QoL construct. This study investigates the diagnostic accuracy and construct of WHO QOL BREF from a psychometric perspective and complements and converges findings through classical test theory.

Methods: The instrument validity study was conducted in a district of Central India amongst the microbiologically confirmed MDR TB cohort of year 2017 (n=98).  We calculated global and domain-specific Cronbach alpha and Inter-domain Pearson correlations. The dichotomized items were fitted through Rasch model for item endorsement, response pattern and for variation inconsistencies. Item Characteristic Curves  and person item maps were also plotted. We performed DIF (Differential Item Functioning) to check the effect of subgroups on underlying traits. This was complimented with an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using oblique ProMax rotation. The optimum number of factors were identified by Scree plot and parallel analysis approach and the emerging factor structure was compared with the result obtained through the Rasch model.

Results: The global Cronbach’s alpha was 0.94 (95% CI 0.92-0.96). Social relationship domain had poor correlations with all three domains (r=0.42, r=0.41 r=0.58), higher beta values and less discrimination. DIF showed a differential response by gender. There was a visual clustering and a non-uniform distribution of items across the perceived QoL. A 3-factor model emerged through EFA and was reframed on the notion of self-concept. Items related to pain, medical aid had significant misfit and weak factor loading while items of sexual activity and social support had relatively poor performance in Infit, Wald, DIF on factor loading parameters.

Conclusions: The study indicates the possible deviation of scale from theorized dimensional construct in Indian MDR TB context more with the items of the social relationship domain.
Crohn's disease what we know about it, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
Authors: Sosna Monika , Misiło Adriana , Mordoń Krzysztof
Published: September 2023

Crohn's disease is a chronic disease. It most often begins between the ages of 15 and 35 and lasts a lifetime. The earliest radiographic findings are aphthous ulcers. It can cause mouth-to-anal lesions and extra-intestinal complications. Typical symptoms are diarrhoea, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, fever, weight loss and fatigue.
Many different tests, including laboratory tests, are important in the diagnosis of the disease. Fecal calprotection is a direct marker of inflammation in the intestinal mucosa. Endoscopic examination remains the basic diagnostic method of Crohn's disease.
In order to assess the small intestine, MRI or CT should be performed. In the case of acute disease progression, ileocolonoscopy should be the examination. The disease requires long-term treatment, both pharmacological and often surgical.
Supplementation of creatine and its role in brain function
Authors: Abod Leila , Ilnicka Natalia , Matyja Daria , Sadlik Maria , Zuziak Patrycja
Published: September 2023

Introduction and aim. In recent years growing awareness of the society regarding healthy lifestyle leads to increased interest in regular physical activity and usage of dietary supplements. Creatine supplementation is often used among athletes to improve muscle mass, performance and recovery. The aim of this paper is to present the effects of creatine supplementation as well as its function in the body, forms and ways of intake, and potential benefits of its use.  

Material and methods. A review of the available literature was performed by searching the PubMed and GoogleScholar databases using the following keywords: creatine, creatine supplementation, sports nutrition, brain function 

Analysis of literature. Creatine is one of the most popular supplements recommended for athletes. It catalyzes transfer of phosphate groups into high energy compounds contributing in energy transportation and cellular energy buffering for cells and tissues with high energy demands. Its supplementation improves exercise performance, increases muscle mass and enhances recovery after training. In addition, there are indications that creatine shows promise in reducing symptoms associated with concussion, mild traumatic brain injury, and depression. 

Conclusion. Creatine supplementation is used in sport mainly to improve exercise performance and muscle gain,  however, it also plays an important role in brain function. In future it may be used in reducing symptoms associated with concussion, mild traumatic brain injury and depression.
Lefamulin - a recently developed antibiotic for treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP)
Authors: Abod Leila , Ilnicka Natalia , Matyja Daria , Sadlik Maria , Zuziak Patrycja
Published: September 2023

Introduction and aim. Nowadays, the increasing resistance of bacteria is a concerning and challenging issue in terms of effective treatment of bacterial infections. The amount of available antibiotics has been quite constant for many years. The search for substances alternative to older classes of drugs, among which resistance is growing, has been ongoing for years. One of the newly introduced available alternatives is lefamulin. The aim of this paper is to present the potential benefits of its use in comunity-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). 

Material and methods. A review of the available literature was performed by searching the PubMed and GoogleScholar databases using the following key words: lefamulin; BC3781; pleuromutilin; CABP; community acquired pneumonia.

Analysis of literature. Lefamulin is a bacteriostatic antibiotic from the group of pleuromutilins, which has a unique mechanism of action consisting in binding to the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit in the peptidyl transferase center. Thanks to this, it rarely causes resistance among other groups of antibiotics and is characterized by a safe action profile. Its spectrum of action includes bacteria causing CABP. In phase III studies, the efficacy of lefamulin monotherapy was comparable to that of moxifloxacin with or without linezolid in CABP.  Thanks to broad spectrum of action its usefulness may also extend to treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and multidrug-resistant organisms associated with sexually transmitted infections, e.g., Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, although more additional clinical and pharmacodynamic data is needed.

Conclusion. Lefamulin is a promising addition to the antibiotic armamentarium for treating CABP. Its unique mechanism of action, activity against typical and atypical bacteria, flexible dosing options, and favorable safety profile make it a beneficial choice for clinicians.
Los Discursos Ecofeministas de las Asociaciones Ecologístas. Estudio de casos en Sevilla (España).
Authors: Mediavilla M. Eugenia , Medina Quintana Silvia , Torres Gutiérrez Francisco José
Published: September 2023

Este estudio indaga si el pensamiento ecofeminista forma parte del discurso de las asociaciones ecologistas. Para ello, partiendo de la caracterización de las epistemologías correspondientes, se establecen a nivel teórico las diferencias entre las cosmovisiones ambientales en las que se alinean los movimientos ecologistas. Los casos de estudio en los que se analiza el contenido discursivo feminista son tres entidades de ámbito nacional implantadas en Sevilla: SEObirdlife, Greenpeace y Ecologistas en Acción. La metodología se apoya en el estudio comparativo de documentos y de notas de prensa así como en la realización de entrevistas en profundidad a portavoces de los respectivos grupos locales. Los resultados muestran que la asociación SEObirdlife, desde una posición conservacionista, presenta una nula vinculación con el ecofeminismo; Greenpeace, desde la orientación del ecologismo denominado tecno-eficiente, ofrece una interpretación solamente técnica de la perspectiva de género; mientras que Ecologistas en Acción, en representación del ecologismo social, desarrolla un incipiente acercamiento a estos planteamientos.
Protocolo en las negociaciones empresariales internacionales.
Authors: Romero Flores Nazaret
Published: September 2023

Hoy en día vivimos en plena globalización, donde las empresas requieren expandir su crecimiento más allá de las fronteras donde están constituidas. Esta continuidad de progresión requiere el conocimiento de unos caracteres culturales para potenciar el resultado positivo de esta negociación. En este artículo vamos a tratar la importancia del protocolo, como herramienta imprescindible, en la implantación de toda institución empresarial que quiera agrandar su mercado de forma internacional; haciendo una incursión no solo el protocolo jurídico necesario en cada país, sino el protocolo social, resultado de su historia y cultura propia. Todo ello lo llevaremos a cabo a través de la investigación jurídica, bibliográfica y de las fuentes directas como son las webs oficiales de los gobiernos, con el objetivo de distinguir, conocer y respetar las distintas culturas; a la vez de esclarecer y valorar estos usos en las negociaciones internacionales.
El mercado del lujo en Chile: propuesta de perfiles de consumidor.
Authors: Goldsack-Trebilcock Sebastian , Feijoo Fernández Beatriz
Published: September 2023

El mercado del lujo ha sido por excelencia un campo de estudio para revisar tendencias y perfiles de consumidores en la literatura del marketing y branding. En Chile se ha experimentado un crecimiento estable del consumo de bienes de lujo a tasas de un 9% en los últimos años (AML, 2019), sin embargo, no existe investigación científica que reflexione sobre la evolución de la sociedad chilena en hábitos y comportamientos en torno a este consumo del lujo. Este artículo tiene como objetivo definir y concretar los distintos perfiles de consumidor de lujo en Chile tomando como referencia la taxonomía de Han et al., (2010). A través de un proceso etnográfico de observación no participante a 35 individuos en un centro comercial de alto standing en la capital chilena, se pudo comprobar la existencia de dos tipos de consumidores de marcas de lujo: por una parte, un grupo mayoritario de consumidores de lujo que buscan preferentemente estatus y reconocimiento y, por otro, un grupo pequeño de compradores que no hacen ostentación del lujo, sino que optan por distintivos mucho más sutiles como el trato considerado por los vendedores o el acceso a productos exclusivos.
Jan Weyssenhoff podczas oblężenia Gdańska w 1807 roku
Authors: Drzazga Damian
Published: September 2023

The article aims to organize the basic facts about Jan Weyssenhoff’s activity during the siege of Gdańsk in 1807. The main source material that I used to reconstruct activity comes from the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw, from the General Jan Henryk Dąbrowski fond and from the Staszewski files in the Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences in Kraków. The article also describes, although in context, the activities of Poles as part of the Division of General Jean Paul Schramm on the right bank of the Vistula and their actions aimed at cutting off communication between Gdańsk and the Wisłoujście fortress (German: Weichselmünde).
Interactive Evolutionary Design of Handbag Integrating Bamboo Weaving Material
Authors: Wu Yixiang , Han Xinghui
Published: September 2023

The integration and development of fashion products and intangible cultural heritage have gradually become the highlight of product design. Following thousands of years of evolution, bamboo weaving patterns offer a rich resource library for use by designers. However, the designers cannot predict which bamboo weaving pattern can be adopted into women’s handbags to satisfy consumers’ aesthetics. Therefore, taking the form design of women’s handbags as an example, this study develops an artificial intelligence-based program through which consumers can codesign with designers to effectively match the bamboo weaving pattern with the design style of women’s handbags. First, based on the coding, selection, and mutation processes of interactive genetic algorithms, consumer preferences, and perception evaluations are effectively incorporated into product design. This ensures that the evolved product solutions meet consumer preferences. Second, considering evaluator fatigue in human–computer interaction evaluation, the decision tree algorithm is used as a proxy for evaluation. Finally, the developed interactive system supports mass-generated bamboo-woven bags of different styles, allowing prediction of consumers’ preferences for the design of women’s handbags. Furthermore, the system can assist designers and bamboo craftsmen in designing other bamboo or wooden products.
Systematic errors in a swept-wavelength null polarimeter for weak linear retardance measurements
Authors: Theillier Xavier , Rivet Sylvain , Dubreuil Matthieu , Le Grand Yann
Published: September 2023

We recently developed a high speed null polarimeter [Opt. Express 30, 18889 (2022)OPEXFF1094-408710.1364/OE.454193] based on passive polarization optics and a high speed wavelength swept laser source, enabling the measurement of linear retardance with 3.1µdeg/Hz resolution within a minimum acquisition time of 10 µs, corresponding to a linear retardation of 8.6×10−9λ/Hz. The counterpart of high sensitivity lies in the systematic errors unlike Mueller polarimeters, which can be calibrated but which are much less sensitive. This paper focuses on the accuracy of this null polarimeter and provides hardware and numerical solutions to improve both linear retardance and azimuth measurements. Experiments and theoretical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the relevancy of these solutions.
Observation of gap solitons on a CMOS chip
Authors: Choi Ju Won , Sohn Byoung-Uk , Sahin Ezgi , Chen George F. R. , Xing Peng , Ng Doris K. T. , Eggleton Benjamin J. , Tan Dawn T. H.
Published: September 2023

We demonstrate gap solitons in an on-chip USRN Bragg grating. We experimentally observe a slow light effect where the group velocity is reduced to 35 % - 40 % of the speed of light in vacuum, variation in the temporal delay of 7 ps at low peak powers of 15.7 W-36.6 W, accompanied by 2.7× temporal compression of input pulses.
Topological ‘Perfect’ Focusing and Giant Local-Field Enhancements
Authors: Baskourelos Konstantinos , Tsakmakidis Kosmas L.
Published: September 2023

We report on broadband, topological, unidirectionally-guiding structures, in principle enabling near-perfect optical transmission through an arbitrarily subdiffraction hole at its end, as well as the largest ever reported local-field enhancements - above the order of 104.
Spontaneous parametric down-conversion in AlGaAs-on-insulator waveguides
Authors: Placke Marlon , Schlegel Jan , Mann Felix , Casa Pietro Della , Thies Andreas , Weyers Markus , Ramelow Sven , Tränkle Günther
Published: September 2023

We report on the first observation of spontaneous parametric down-conversion and a highly efficient second harmonic generation with ηshg ≈ 420 %/W/mm2 in AlGaAs- on-insulator waveguides operated at telecom wavelengths.
Wavefront uniformity optimization of Laguerre-Gaussian ultrafast beams
Authors: Burger Miloš , Murphy Jon , Finney Lauren , Peskosky Nicholas , Nees John , Krushelnick Karl , Jovanovic Igor
Published: September 2023

We report the genetic algorithm-driven wavefront optimization of ultrafast Laguerre-Gaussian beams. Wavefront manipulation was performed using a deformable mirror. The results show that the intensity fluctuations along the perimeter of t he target ring-shaped profile can be reduced up to ~15%.
Generation of Vortex γ-Rays and Spin-Polarized Photoelectrons Using Fully-Structured Light
Authors: Younis Daniel , Hafizi Bahman , Gordon Daniel F.
Published: September 2023

Using the quantum electrodynamics extended particle-in-cell method and S-matrix theory, we have investigated the generation of orbital- and spin-angular-momentum charged γ-rays and photoelectrons, respectively, from plasma and atomic systems irradiated by fully-structured light.
Controlling the Nonlinear Optics of Plasmas with Arbitrarily Structured Laser Pulses
Authors: Pierce Jacob R. , Palastro John P. , Alves E. Paulo , Li Fei , Malaca Bernardo , Miller Kyle G. , Ramsey Dillon , Vieira Jorge , Weichman Kathleen , Mori Warren B.
Published: September 2023

The framework of Arbitrarily Structured Laser (ASTRL) pulses enables design of structured laser pulses which could provide control over the nonlinear optics of plasmas. We present examples, including flying focus drivers for laser wakefield acceleration.
Spatial and spatiotemporal vortex harmonics carrying controllable orbital angular momentum generated by plasma mirrors
Authors: Wu Yipeng , Nie Zan , Li Fei , Zhang Chaojie , Marsh Ken A , Mori Warren B. , Joshi Chan
Published: September 2023

We propose an efficient scheme that can generate intense spatial and spatiotemporal vortex harmonics from plasma mirrors. The proposed scheme also allows independent control over the frequency and orbital angular momentum of the vortex harmonics.
Nonlinearity enhanced Fisher information for two-point super-resolution
Authors: Wadood S. A. , Aarav Shaurya , Fleischer Jason W
Published: September 2023

We show that a nonlinear phase plate greatly increases the Fisher information for estimating the separation between two point sources. Nonlinearity enables resolution beyond the quantum limit from linear theory.
Beam Shaping Effects in Optical Air Waveguiding
Authors: Burger Miloš , Polynkin Pavel
Published: September 2023

We experimentally demonstrate that the chirality of the vortex air waveguide imprints an orbital angular momentum on the guided beam, while the Airy-beam waveguide enables controllable steering of the guided beam along a curved trajectory.
Laser cooling of payloads to 124 K: Implications for high precision optical clocks
Authors: Kock Jackson , McGraw Duncan , Albrecht Alexander R. , Sheik-Bahae Mansoor
Published: September 2023

Optical refrigeration has cooled a payload to 124 K by suppressing parasitic lasing and improved thermal management, towards cooling silicon reference cavities for optical clocks. The effects of nonlinearities on power scaling will be discussed.
Implementation of photonic constant-intensity waves and induced transparency in tailored non-Hermitian optical mesh lattices
Authors: Steinfurth A. , Krešić I. , Weidemann S. , Kremer M. , Makris K. G. , Heinrich M. , Rotter S. , Szameit A.
Published: September 2023

Light waves propagating through inhomogeneous media are subject to scattering and subsequent interference. We have implemented tailored non-Hermitian lattices in coupled optical fiber loops in which scattering is suppressed for stationary and time-dependent field distributions.
Partially Coherent Shock Waves
Authors: Aarav Shaurya , Sun Xiaohang , Fleischer Jason W.
Published: September 2023

We present a fluid dynamical theory for the nonlinear propagation of partially coherent beams. To illustrate the enriched behavior from statistics, we demonstrate a pressure shock wave that is not possible with coherent light.
Teleporting a 15-dimensional state with a nonlinear spatial detector
Authors: Vallés Adam , Sephton Bereneice , Nape Isaac , Cox Mitchell A. , Steinlechner Fabian , Konrad Thomas , Torres Juan P. , Roux Filippus S. , Forbes Andrew
Published: September 2023

We present the teleportation of high-dimensional information with a single entangled pair and a nonlinear detector. We demonstrate a 15-dimensional teleportation channel for arbitrary spatial modes, exceeding the classical limit and setting a new state-of- the-art.
TaAs Weyl semimetal single-unit multi-port integrated polarimeter
Authors: Luo Haokun , Ma Hongrui , Wei Yunxuan , Christodoulides Demetrios N. , Khajavikhan Mercedeh
Published: September 2023

We present a TaAs-based single-unit polarimeter which produces unique current responses to any arbitrary pure polarization in the near infrared band. This work opens new avenues in integrated polarimetry.
Terahertz Generation of Higher-order Bessel-Gaussian Laser Beam in Relativistic Plasma
Authors: Singh Arvinder , Bhatia Aman
Published: September 2023

Moment theory approach has been used to investigate terahertz yield of Bessel- Gaussian laser beam in relativistic plasma. Investigation reveals increase in terahertz yield with an increase in plasma density, intensity, and transverse component of laser.
Octave-Spanning, Dispersion-Free Adiabatic Frequency Converters
Authors: Davis Connor , Heberle Dylan , Flemens Noah , Moses Jeffrey
Published: September 2023

Experiments and calculations show that monolithic, intrinsically dispersion-managed adiabatic frequency conversion devices can produce high-fidelity compressed copies of a 10-fs near-IR pulse to two lower frequency ranges, enabling synchronized ~10-fs pulses near- continuously covering 2.5 octaves.
High terahertz frequency generation and detection using crystals exhibiting second-order nonlinear effects
Authors: Carnio B. N. , Zhang M. , Zawilski K. T. , Schunemann P. G. , Moutanabbir O. , Elezzabi A. Y.
Published: September 2023

High-frequency terahertz radiation detection is experimentally investigated via electro-optic sampling in a CdSiP2 crystal, while high terahertz frequency generation is experimentally considered via difference frequency generation in ZnGeP2 and CdSiP2 crystals.
Optical refrigeration of ytterbium doped silica by 67 K starting at room temperature
Authors: Topper Brian , Kuhn Stefan , Neumann Alexander , Albrecht Alexander R. , Flores Angel S. , Häoner Denny , Hein Sigrun , Hupel Christian , Nold Johannes , Haarlammert Nicoletta , Schreiber Thomas , Sheik-Bahae Mansoor , Mafi Arash
Published: September 2023

Laser cooling of ytterbium doped silica to an absolute temperature of 229 K has been achieved. The experimental results strongly support the utility of optically cooling silica as a method of mitigating thermal nonlinearities.
OH absorption in on-chip high-Q resonators
Authors: Wu Lue , Gao Maodong , Liu Jin-Yu , Chen Hao-Jing , Colburn Kellan , Blauvelt Henry A. , Vahala Kerry J.
Published: September 2023

The hydroxyl ion (OH) content in thermal-grown silica high-Q resonators is estimated to be 2.4 ppm (weight) by SIMS and Q-measurement. Record high optical Q factors for on-chip microresonators are measured from 685nm – 1064nm.
Manually Accessed Terahertz Soliton Microcombs in a Microtoroid Cavity
Authors: Chen Hao-Jing , Colburn Kellan , Wu Lue , Vahala Kerry
Published: September 2023

High-efficiency soliton microcombs are generated in THz-repetition-rate, high-Q silica microtoroid cavities. The increased soliton power of the THz device makes it possible to access the soliton state by manual tuning of the pump laser wavelength.
Self-suppressed quantum diffusion of microresonator solitons
Authors: Jin Xing , Lv Zhe , Yang Qi-Fan
Published: September 2023

We theoretically investigate the quantum-induced Brownian motion of dissipative Kerr solitons in multi-mode microresonators. The dispersive-wave radiation is found to modify the effective viscosity, reducing the diffusion rate by up to 19 dB.
Compact, CEP-stable, few-cycle OPCPA for single attosecond pulse generation
Authors: Manschwetus Bastian , Merkl Philipp , Braatz Thomas , Starosielec Sebastian , Buss Jan H. , Schulz Michael , Riedel Robert
Published: September 2023

We present a compact (120x80 cm), few-cycle, carrier-envelope-phase stabilized OPCPA. At 850 nm the system delivers 9 fs pulses, exceeding 40 µJ at 200 kHz repetition rate. This allows compactification of attosecond spectroscopy setups.
Intensity Modulated Direct Detection Data Transmission over 100km of Optical Fiber using a Microresonator Kerr Frequency Comb Source
Authors: Chen George F. R. , Chia Xavier X. , Ong Kenny Y. K. , Xing Peng , Tan Dawn T. H.
Published: September 2023

We demonstrate microresonator frequency comb-based transmission of intensity- modulated-direct-detection data over 100km of fiber, at 30Gbps data rate in a single comb line. This represents the longest fiber reach demonstrated using Kerr frequency combs to date.
Theoretical analysis of time-varying mode instability
Authors: Kim Byungho , Chang Hanbyul , Jeong Yoonchan
Published: September 2023

We present a semi-analytical transient model of mode instability in high-power fiber amplifiers. The proposed model reproduces the closely matched MI behavior to previous experiments, while requiring significantly less computational cost than previous transient models.
Impact of Self-Steepening Effect on Dispersive Wave Generation
Authors: Xiong Daiqi , Chang Wonkeun
Published: September 2023

We investigate the impact of self-steepening effect on the dispersive wave generation. The conversion efficiency can be significantly enhanced by tuning the self-steepening parameter.
Implementing a deep neural network using a single nonlinear element and delayed feedback
Authors: Röhm André , Stelzer Florian , Niiyama Tomoaki , Vicente Raul , Fischer Ingo , Naruse Makoto , Yanchuk Serhiy , Sunada Satoshi
Published: September 2023

Optically implemented neural networks promise faster speeds and lower costs. However, large size networks remain challenging. We derive how to emulate a deep neural network with just a single nonlinear element using delayed feedback signals.
High Absorption Thermal Blooming: Numerical Steady-State Simulation
Authors: Lane Jeremiah S. , Akers Benjamin F.
Published: September 2023

A numerical simulation of steady-state thermal blooming with natural convection is introduced. Padé approximation of the steady flow solutions is applied in combination with a Newton solver to model propagation for lasers of increasing energy.
Staged, Nonlinear Optical, Beam-Combining: Key Ingredients in New Excimer Laser System for Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE)
Authors: Galloway Conner , Afeyan Bedros
Published: September 2023

We propose using three staged, seeded nonlinear optical (NLO) amplifiers to spatially and temporally compress tens of megajoules of microsecond KrF (or ArF) laser pulses down to nanosecond scale to enable laser-driven Inertial Fusion Energy.
Confirmation of Water Nonlinearity Vibrational Nature in the THz Range
Authors: Nabilkova Aleksandra , Ismagilov Azat , Melnik Maksim , Tcypkin Anton , Guselnikov Mikhail , Kalinichev Alexey , Kozlov Sergei , Zhang Xi-Cheng
Published: September 2023

This study experimentally confirms the vibrational nature of giant low-inertia nonlinearity in liquids in the THz range by obtaining temperature dependence of nonlinearity, which correlates with theoretical predictions considering temperature dependent parameters.
Enhanced Nonlinear Optical Effects by Spectral Control
Authors: de Sterke C. Martijn , Lourdesamy Joshua P. , Widjaja Justin , Runge Antoine F.J. , Alexander Tristram J. , Hudson Darren D. , Blanco-Redondo Andrea
Published: September 2023

We consider nonlinear pulse propagation in media with dispersion relations with multiple, equally-spaced, identical maxima. The pulses that form have multiple frequency components which beat in time, leading to an enhancement of nonlinear optical effect.
Phase-Enabled Nonlinear Gating with Unbalanced Intensity
Authors: Gliserin Alexander , Chew Soo Hoon , Kim Seungchul , Kim Dong Eon
Published: September 2023

We present a novel nonlinear interferometric autocorrelation technique with unbalanced intensity, which preserves spectral phase information in the autocorrelation signal and enables the complete characterization of ultrafast optical fields without requiring any spectrally resolved measurements.
Record On-chip Q-factors for Diverse Chalcogenide Glasses in the Near- and Mid-Infrared Regimes
Authors: Suk Daewon , Ko Kiyoung , Kim Dohyeong , Wang Rongping , Chun Byung Jae , Ko Kwang-Hoon , Choi Duk-Yong , Lee Hansuek
Published: September 2023

We report remarkable on-chip quality(Q)-factors exceeding 107 for various chalcogenide glasses with extremely high optical nonlinearities in the near- and mid-infrared regions, approaching the loss of optical fibers.
Small size, ultra-low phase noise photonic microwave oscillators
Authors: Li Jiang , Vahala Kerry
Published: September 2023

Small-size, ultra-low phase noise photonic microwave oscillators at 10, 20, 30 and 40 GHz are demonstrated using electro-optical frequency division. At 40 GHz, a record-low phase noise of -153 dBc/Hz is achieved (10 kHz offset).
Mamyshev Oscillator Gain-Managed Amplifier
Authors: Boulanger Vincent , Olivier Michel , Trépanier François , Piché Michel
Published: September 2023

As a new approach for efficient multi-MW sub-40 fs pulse generation at highrepetition rate, we present an all-PM-fiber ytterbium-doped self-starting Mamyshev oscillator integrated with a gain-managed nonlinear amplifier enabled by fiber Bragg gratings.
Data Tables and Best Practices for Post-2000 Nonlinear-Optical Materials and Measurements
Authors: Vermeulen Nathalie , Espinosa Daniel , Ball Adam , Ballato John , Boucaud Philippe , Boudebs Georges , Campos Cecilia L. A. V. , Dragic Peter , Gomes Anderson S. L. , Huttunen Mikko J. , Kinsey Nathaniel , Mildren Rich , Neshev Dragomir , Padilha Lázaro , Pu Minhao , Secondo Ray , Tokunaga Eiji , Turchinovich Dmitry , Yan Jingshi , Yvind Kresten , Dolgaleva Ksenia , Van Stryland Eric W.
Published: September 2023

On the occasion of 60 years of nonlinear-optical research, we present new data tables listing nonlinear- optical properties for different material categories as reported in the literature since 2000, and provide best practices for performing experiments.
Advances in Semiconductor Nonlinear Optical Fibers and their Application
Authors: Ballato J. , Zaengle T. , Hawkins T. H.
Published: September 2023

This paper highlights important advancements in semiconductor core optical fibers and their current and future use in nonlinear light sources, frequency converters and combs, and quantum computing.
Phonon-Dressed Third-harmonic Generation in Diamond
Authors: Zheng Jiaoyang , Khalsa Guru , Moses Jeffrey
Published: September 2023

We experimentally demonstrate in diamond that third-harmonic generation can be enhanced by orders of magnitude with polarization dependence through assistance from a Raman resonance, in a process analogous to coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering.
Nonlinear x-ray optical wave-mixing in silicon
Authors: Ornelas-Skarin C. , Bezriadina T. , Fuchs M. , Ghimire S. , Hastings J. B. , Hua N. N. , Leroy L. , Nguyen Q. , de la Peña G. , Popova-Gorelova D. , Shwartz S. , Trigo M. , Sato T. , Zhu D. , Reis D. A.
Published: September 2023

We present recent measurements of nonlinear x-ray optical mixing in silicon. These measurements demonstrate how x-ray optical mixing can measure details of the atomic-scale nonlinear electron dynamics that are invisible to purely optical techniques.