bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Initial pH on Bio-Hydrogen Production from Alkaline Pretreated Municipal Sludge
Authors: Liu Chang Qing , Yu Yu Fang , Lin Hong , Zhao You Cai
Published: January 2014

Great attention has been paid to the increasing amount of municipal sludge generated from wastewater treatment plants due to its potential risks to the surrounding environment. The municipal sludge, which mainly composed of polysaccharides, proteins as well as abundant groups of microorganisms, has been proved to be a promising biological material for hydrogen production by anaerobic fermentation. The tests systematically investigated the effects of initial pH on bio-hydrogen production from alkaline pretreated municipal sludge. The results showed that both hydrogenogen and methanogen were inhibited at the initial pH 2 to 4, which resulted in little hydrogen production. The methanogen inhibition was obvious by the rate of 94-98 % at the initial pH 5. The relatively high hydrogen production appeared at the initial pH 5 during the fermentation using the alkaline pretreated sludge at pH=12.0, and the corresponding pH at the end of fermentation was from 5.0 to 6.0, which was good for hydrogen production from saccharide. The hydrogenogen and methanogen could be promoted and the lag phase for hydrogen production could be shorten at the initial pH 6 to 10, however the corresponding hydrogen production was quite low. It also could be concluded that the alkaline pretreated sludge with initial pH 12.0 gave the highest hydrogen production, and the initial pH 12.0 for the alkaline pretreated sludge could inhibit methanogen growth and meanwhile maintain a high activity of the hydrogenogen.
Experimental Study on the Detoxification of Chrome Sludge by Making Bricks
Authors: Yang Xiu Lin , Ye Wei , Wu Gao Ming , Chen Wang Sheng , Han Jun
Published: January 2014

In order to eliminate the toxicity of chromium sludge, hexavalent chromiumwas changed into trivalent chromium. Chromium sludge, coal and clay were used at the ratio of 0-12%:90-78%:10% to manufacture sludge bricks. Meanwhile, the influences of the sludge mass fraction, molding pressure, sintering temperature and sintering time on weight loss on ignition, chromium leaching concentration, water absorption and compressive strength of bricks were also investigated. The results indicated that the conditions for manufacturing good quality bricks was 8% sludge with 4h of sintering prepared in 20MPa molding pressure and sintered at 950°C, which can reach the national standards (HJ/T 301-2007). Furthermore, wastes were changed into resources and economical benefits were brought to the company.
Experimental Study on the Improvement of High Water Content Dredged Material by Cement and by Quicklime
Authors: Huang Ying Hao , Dong Chan , Zhan Xiao Lei , Guan Yun Fei
Published: January 2014

Dredging is necessary to keep rivers, harbors and lakes function normally. These dredged materials (DM) have poor geotechnical properties and are normally treated as wastes. Thus, utilization of DM for beneficial uses such as fill is being considered as an environmental-friendly and economical option. In this study a dredged material taken from Tai-hu Lake was modified by adding quicklime and by Portland cement. Water content, dry density, plasticity, and California bearing ratio (CBR) of the two types of modified soil were determined and compared. Test results show that both quicklime and cement can evidently decrease the water content and increase dry density, but the former can get better effect relatively. On the other hand, both quicklime and cement can significantly decrease the plasticity characteristics, and change the raw DM classified as CH to MH after modified, moreover, the cement has better effect on the improvement of plasticity. For the same additive content and curing days, the cement modified soil has larger CBR strength than that of the quicklime modified soil. Conclusions of the paper maybe beneficial and useful for the solidification material choose, and for practical dredged material solidification projects.
Effect of Carrier Gas Flow Rate in Thermal Desorption Process of PCBs Contaminated Soil
Authors: Bai Si Hong , Qi Zhi Fu , Liu Jie , Chen Tong , Lu Sheng Yong , Li Xiao Dong
Published: January 2014

A real PCBs contaminated soil was heated at 500°C using pure nitrogen as carrier gas under different flow rate to investigate the influence of carrier gas flow rate on the thermal desorption process. After 1 hour thermal treatment, the residual PCBs in soil decreased and the removal efficiency (RE) of PCBs is up to 95.1%. The distributions of PCBs in soil under different flow rate were identical. The World Health Organization toxic equivalency quantity (WHO TEQ) of PCBs in soil got its lowest value at 400Nml/min. Tetra-and higher chlorinated PCBs desorbed to carrier gas increased with increased flow rate, while the total amount of PCBs, Tri-and lower chlorinated PCBs first increased then decreased. The distributions of PCBs in carrier gas became more closely to the raw soil with increased flow rate. The TEQ of PCBs in carrier gas increased with increased flow rate. Increased flow rate enhanced the mass transfer of PCBs in the soil but shortened the preheating time of carrier gas and the retention time of carries gas, weakening the mass transfer and degradation process in gas phase. The RE of WHO TEQ of PCDDs in treated soil decreased from 86.7% to 83.2% with increased flow rate while the RE of WHO TEQ of PCDFs decreased from 85.4% to 70.0%. After thermal treatment process, the total amount of PCDD/Fs TEQ in soil and carrier gas increase from 43.8% to 18.6% times of that in raw soil. Considering removal efficiency of PCBs and PCDD/Fs and generation of PCDD/Fs in soil and gas phase, an optimized flow rate should be set at about 400Nml/min.
Model Establishment on Exposure Risk of the Production Facilities for POPs Pesticides
Authors: Tian Ya Jing , Ding Qiong
Published: January 2014

All of POPs chemicals in the first round list have been banned to be produced and used in China from 2009. The issue on exposure risk assessment of the obsolete production facilities for POPs is going to be discussed in this paper. Based on assessment method in the USA Region 9s Preliminary Remediation Goals, the commended model of exposure risk assessment has been reached.
Improving the Understanding of the Green Assessment System / LEED in Developing Countries: The Case of China
Authors: Li Nan
Published: January 2014

Several green assessment systems, such as LEED in North America, BREEAM in UK, CASBEE in Japan, GBTool in Canada have been discussed in this paper, especially focus on the similarities and differences. These systems could be used to evaluate the environmental impact of various construction projects, to set up the standard for related assessment as well. They have similar sustainable concerns: sustainable site selection, energy efficiency, water efficiency, sustainable material and resource, and indoor environment quality. However, each one put different ratio on these categories.A review in the state-of-the-act of the green assessment system has been done in this paper, and some important findings have been highlighted in tables. Consequently, some hotspot issues, such as why LEED is preferred in China, how to use it in a proper way, and what can we do with the still existed challenges are discussed.
Possibility of BFRs Extraction from E-Waste
Authors: Zhang Cong Cong , Zhang Fu Shen
Published: January 2014

E-waste contains high amount of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) which are toxic, bioaccumulative and recalcitrant. In the present study, an effective and environmental-friendly process using solvothermal treatment to extract tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a typical BFR from waste computer housing plastic was developed. After the solvothermal process, TBBPA were transferred into a special solvent phase and the bromine content in plastic after solvothermal treatment was greatly reduced, which confirmed the feasibility of solvothermal procedure for TBBPA extraction. This work provides a clean and applicable process for extraction of BFRs from plastic in e-waste.
Influence of Isocyanate Structures on Mechanical Performance of Aluminum Bonded with Green Polyurethane Adhesive
Authors: Muhammad Zain Norazwani , Ahmad Sahrim Haji , Ahad Nor Azwin , Ali Ernie Suzana
Published: January 2014

Polyurethane (PU) adhesives were prepared from three different polyols based on polycaprolactone (PCL)/palm kernel oil (PKO) with an aromatic and cycloaliphatic diisocyanate. The adhesives were characterized through Fourier Transformer Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in order to ensure the formation of urethane and the completeness of polymer reaction. The effects of NCO/OH ratios and types of diisocyanate on PU adhesive strength were investigated. The adhesive strength of metal to metal bonding was determined by single lap shear joint testing. The correlation between crosslinking of PU network and adhesive strength was also studied by performing swelling tests.
Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Mesoporous Ɣ-FE2O3/SIO2
Authors: Shaari Nur Shuhada , Ibrahim Suhaina Mohd , Md Jamil Farinaa , Zubir Zuhana Ahmad , Abdullah A.M. , Muhammad Nor Adhila , Wan Jaafar Wan Mohammed Nazrul , Malik M.Z.A.
Published: January 2014

Magneticmesoporousɣ-Fe2O3/SiO2 synthesized using an evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) approach. The non-ionictriblock copolymer P123 was used as surfactant template with various amounts of iron oxide (1.8g-2.4g) and varied during the synthesis. Characterizations of the surface area and magnetic properties for prepared materials were done using N2-sorption analyses, and a superconducting quantum interference device interfaced with a vibrating sample magnetometer (SQUID-VSM) respectively. From this study, N2-sorption analysis indicated that most of the ɣ-Fe2O3domains of several nanometres were embedded in the silica matrix. In addition, the obtained magneticmesoporouscomposite which contains 2.3g amount ofiron oxide has revealedhigher magnetism saturation value of (4.564 emu/g) compared to other prepared samples which been evaluated by VSM analysis.
Tribological Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated via Metal Injection Molding
Authors: Mohd Zainon Nurazilah , Abdullah Noorsyakirah , Roslani Norazlan , Omar Mohd Afian
Published: January 2014

The tribological properties of sintered 316L stainless steel fabricated via injection molding were investigated. Tests were carried out at room temperature comparing metal injection molded dog bone tensile samples at different sintering temperatures. The parameter used for the pin on disk test is a 10kN load, 500m sliding distance and a chromium steel ball as a sliding partner. The morphologies and compositions of the worn surfaces were analyzed by SEM, Raman and XPS. The results showed that the wear mechanism and friction coefficient of SS316L depended strongly on the microstructure which was influenced by the sintering temperature.
Effect of Solid Loading on the Physical Properties of the Sintered Inconel 718 Using Metal Injection Moulding (MIM)
Authors: Ibrahim Rosdi , bin Abdullah Ahmad Nizam , bin Suleiman Ahmad Muhammad Jabir , binti Johari Nurhaslina , Mohamad Mazlan , Talib A.R.A.
Published: January 2014

Inconel 718 has been widely used as a super alloy in aerospace application due to the high strength at elevated temperatures, satisfactory oxidation resistance and heat corrosion resistance. In this study, the Inconel 718 with different solid loading (System A - 50/50 vol.% and System B - 60/40 vol.%) has been fabricated using high technology of Metal Injection Moulding (MIM) process due to the cost effective technique for producing small, complex and precision parts in high volume compared with conventional method through machining. Through MIM, the binder system is one of the most important criteria in order to successfully fabricate the Inconel 718. Even though, the binder system is a temporary, but failure in the selection and removal of the binder system will affect on the final properties of the sintered parts. Therefore, the binder system based on palm oil derivative which is palm stearin has been formulated and developed. The rheological studies of the mixture between the powder and binders system have been determined properly in order to be successful during injection into injection moulding machine. After moulding, the binder holds the particles in place. The binder system has to be removed completely through debinding step. During debinding step, solvent debinding and thermal pyrolysis has been used to remove completely of the binder system. The debound part is then sintered to give the required physical properties.
Synthesis and Surface Modification of Biocompatible Water Soluble Core-Shell Quantum Dots
Authors: Abd. Rahman Samsulida , Ariffin Nurhayati , Yusof Nor Azah , Abdullah Jaafar , Zubir Zuhana Ahmad , Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mohd Azmi , Azmi Nur Ellina , Sidek Hamidah , Ramli Noor Izaanin
Published: January 2014

In this study, the applications of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) and its role in advanced sensings has been explored. The CdSe/ZnS was synthesized by using hot injection method with the shell ZnS layer was made using successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. The morphology of the CdSe/ZnS QDs was studied using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and the average particle size was in 10-12 nm range. The prepared QDs were optically characterized using spectrofluorescence and strong emission was observed at 620 nm. Comparison of the fluorescence emissions of CdSe/ZnS capped with various capping ligands such as L-cysteine, thioglycolic acid (TGA), mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) and mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) were studied. The CdSe/ZnS capped with TGA gave the strongest fluorescence emission compared to others.
Structural Behavior of Ni-Doped TIO2 Nanoparticles and its Photovoltaic Performance on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)
Authors: Zainudin Siti Nur Fadhilah , Masturah Markom , Abdullah Huda
Published: January 2014

Different concentrations of Ni-doped anatase TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by ice-bath co-precipitation method to examine the effects of various Ni2+ concentrations on the power exchange mechanism in photovoltaic performances of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) revealed a single anatase phase present in all samples together with three times reduction of particle size with the addition of Ni2+. Nanoparticle size exhibited better uniformity under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an increase of Ni2+ ions. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the formation of Ti-O-Ni bonding due to sharpened and enhanced intensity of the bands in the range of 500-1000 cm-1 and 910-1030 cm-1. Ni2+ concentrations also increased both open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current (Isc). The optimum concentration of Ni-doping obtained was at 0.075M of Ni which shows a maximum DSSC efficiency of 0.38%.
Physical, Mechanical and Electrical Properties of W-20 wt.% Cu Composite Produced by Liquid Phase Sintering Process
Authors: Ismail Fauzi , Selamat Mohd Asri , Muhamad Norhamidi , Sulong Abu Bakar , Majid Nurzirah Abdul
Published: January 2014

In this study, the effect of sintering temperature on the properties of tungsten-copper (W-Cu) composite produced by liquid phase sintering (LPS) process has been investigated. W-20 wt.% Cu composite powders with particle size less than 1 μm was prepared by cold compaction and followed by cold isostatic pressing. The green specimens were then sintered under nitrogen based atmosphere in the temperature range of 1100°C to 1300°C. The sintering studies were conducted to determine the extent of densification and corresponding to microstructure changes. In addition, the properties of the sintered specimens such as physical appearance, microstructure evolution, mechanical and electrical properties were presented and discussed.
Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of WC-Co Cutting Tool Inserts with Addition of VC
Authors: Talib R.J. , Mahaidin A.A. , Manaf S.A. , Selamat M.A.
Published: January 2014

The mechanical properties and microstructures of WC-Co are highly dependent on its cobalt content, grain size of the WC particles and sintering temperature. In this work, the effect of addition of VC powder on the mechanical properties and microstructures during the consolidation of process will be investigated. The WC-Co and WC-Co-VC cutting tool inserts were fabricated using powder metallurgy route. The powders were wet mixed with heptane in turbula mixer for three hours, dried and then granulated. The mixed powders were uniaxially pressed at a pressure of 625 MPa and cold-isostatic pressed at a pressure of 200 MPa. The compacted samples were sintered in the temperature range of 1350 1450°C under nitrogen-based atmosphere. The mechanical properties of the samples are analyzed using Vickers microhardness tester, universal tensile machine and the microstructures of the sintered sample were observed using field emission scanning electron microscope. Microstructural examinations showed that VC particle is good as grain growth inhibitor as a result of good precipitation of VC in WC grain boundaries. However the addition of VC in WC-Co hardmetal resulted in the reduction of hardness and transverse rupture stress due to increase of pores in the microstructures of sintered samples.
Optimization of Sintering Temperature on Microwave Sintering of the Composite Iron-Chromium Reinforced with Alumina Particles
Authors: Rahman W. , Jamaludin Shamsul Baharin , Mazlee Mohd Noor
Published: January 2014

Microwave sintering technology has become attractive and gained interest among material researchers due its capability and advantages over conventional sintering. Since two decades ago, intensive researches on microwave sintering have been carried out to sinter ferrous and non ferrous material purposely to produce composites with enhanced properties not achievable via conventional sintering. In this research, the effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure and properties of the sintered 84Fe-11Cr-5Al2O3composite was investigated. Sintering was carried out in a tubular microwave furnace HAMiLab-V3 under N2atmosphere. The sintering temperatures were selected between 1100°C to 1400°C with increment of 100°C. A study of microstructure and physical properties was carried out on sintered samples. It was observed that, relative density and porosity was slightly changed with increasing sintering temperature and hardness increased tremendously at sintering temperature of between 1300oC to 1400°C.However, the results showed that the optimum sintering temperature was at 1400°C.
Characteristic and Corrosion Studies of Rare Earth (Ree) Based Anodizing on AZ91D Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Azadi Mat Akhir Khalid , Zamzuri M.Z.M. , Norbahiyah S. , Liyana M.R.N. , Marina M. , Alir K. , Derman M.N.
Published: January 2014

Oxide coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy were prepared using anodizing technique with 10mA/cm2 current density for 5 minutes in electrolyte containing La (NO3) and Mg (NO3),with NaVO3 as an additive. The corrosion behaviors of different coatings condition were evaluated by immersion test in 5.0% NaCl electrolyte for 72 hours. The microstructures were analyzed by Optical Microscope (OM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It was found that coatings with the addition of NaVO3 produced homogeneous primary α-matrix and bigger β-phase (Mg17Al12) compared to untreated AZ91D magnesium alloy. The oxide film formed by anodizing in electrolyte with NaVO3 enhances the corrosion resistance of the AZ91D magnesium alloy significantly
Benzene and Cyclohexane Separation Using 1-Propanenitrile-3-butylimidazolium Dicyanamide Ionic Liquid
Authors: Mohamad Azmi Bustam-Khalil , Muhamad Abdul Hannan , Gonfa Girma , Man Zakaria
Published: January 2014

Cyclohexane is mainly produced by catalytic hydrogenation of benzene, and the separation of unreacted benzene is very important process. However, the separation of benzene and cyclohexane mixture is one of the difficult separation processes in petrochemical industry. Presently, extractive distillation is commercially used to separate benzene and cyclohexane using molecular solvents. However, the current process suffers from process complexity and high-energy consumption. In this work, new ionic liquid, 1-propanenitrile-3-butylimidazolium dicyanamide was synthesized and applied for separation benzene and cyclohexane mixture. Some of the thermophysical properties of the ionic liquid were measured. The vapour- liquid equilibrium and relative volatility of the components were determined. The ionic liquid breaks the azeotropic mixture and increased the relative volatility of cyclohexane to benzene.
Effect of Filler Compositions on the Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Filled Polyester Composite
Authors: Noor Leha Abdul Rahman , Nordin Nor Amalina
Published: January 2014

Biocomposite from bamboo powder was fabricated by compression molding technique. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties of bamboo compounded with epoxy with different ratio. Tensile and flexural tests were done to characterize its mechanical properties. It was observed that the strength of bamboo-polyester was increased with increasing amount of bamboo powder. The tensile and flexural strength shows the highest value at 25 wt.% bamboo. However, the impact test shows the maximum value at 20 wt.% bamboo powder. These results exhibit the bamboo-polyester can be a good candidate to be used in many engineering applications
Cathodoluminescence and Radiation-Induced Absorption in YLiF4 Crystals in Excitation by Electron Pulse
Authors: Lisitsyn Viktor M. , Bikhert Yevgeniy V. , Lisitsyna Ludmila A. , Dauletbekova Alma K. , Reyterov Vladimir M. , Karipbayev Zhakyp T.
Published: January 2014

The paper presents the experimental results for the spectra of the luminescence burst and induced optical transient absorption in YLiF4 crystals when exposed to the electron pulse of nanosecond duration over a wide temperature range. The luminescence spectrum consists of two bands with peaks at 4.4 and 3.2 eV, and in the spectrum of induced absorption the main bands are found at 2.1 and 3.7 eV. The luminescence at 3.2 eV decays faster than the bandwidth at 4.4 eV. The luminescence intensity decreases sharply at temperatures above 30 K. The induced absorption decreases at temperatures above 60 K. It is assumed that the kinetic curves of luminescence burst and transient absorption in excitation by radiation fluxes are related.
Thermal Cycle Durability of Heat-Shielding Coatings on the Basis of Zr-Y-O/Si-Al-N under Ion Treatment of Copper Substrates
Authors: Sergeev Viktor , Panin Victor E. , Rizakhanov Razhudin N. , Koroteev Anatoly S. , Fedorischeva Marina V. , Neufeld Vasily V. , Kalashnikov Mark P.
Published: January 2014

By pulse magnetron deposition method the heat-shielding coatings on the basis of Zr-Y-O/ Si-Al-N layers on copper substrate are formed. Surface layer of copper substrate was treatment by the Zr+ions. Structure-phase states were investigated by TEM, SEM, X-ray and SIMS. Thermal cycle durability of coatings is defined.
Effects of Crystallization Conditions on Lead Tin Bronze Properties
Authors: Martyushev Nikita , Petrenko Yuriy N.
Published: January 2014

Research results of cooling speed influence on structure and properties lead tin bronze are given in this article. Cooling speed changed by casting mold heating to various temperatures. Following the researches results it is shown that cooling speed growth leads to growth of hardness, strength on samples stretching. Decrease in cooling speed gives decrease in hardness and strength on stretching, but at the same time the impact strength of samples increases. Results of metalgraphic researches showed that such properties changes are connected with phase structure change of cast samples.
Evolution of Structure and Phase Composition of Aluminum Alloy under Severe Plastic Deformation
Authors: Naydenkin Evgeniy V. , Ivanov Konstantin V. , Rudenskii Gennadiy E.
Published: January 2014

The paper shows that high thermal stability of the ultrafine-grained structure of aluminum alloy produced by severe plastic deformation is related to S-phase particles. The sequence of phase transformations of zirconium-doped ultrafine-grained alloy Al-Mg-Li in heating is revealed. The paper also determines temperatures at which depending on crystal structure two types of S-phase particles can form.
Colorimetric Polymethacrylate Sensor
Authors: Gavrilenko Nataliya A. , Saranchina Nadezda V. , Sukhanov Aleksey V. , Gavrilenko Mikhail A. , Zenkova Elena V.
Published: January 2014

The paper describes a new colorimetric sensor. The colorimetric sensors were made of optically transparent polymethacrylate matrix with physically immobilized analytical reagent which is responsible for the extraction of the analyte into the sensing material and changing its color. The developed colorimetric sensor can be used in determination of various analytes using both solid-phase spectrophotometer and naked eye.
Model of the Plate Oxygen Cutting Taking into Account the Kinetics of Heterogeneous Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Knyazeva Anna G. , Anisimova Maria A.
Published: January 2014

This paper presents a mathematical model of oxygen cutting of the plate. It takes into account not only possible heat losses from the treatment zone, but also the heat release doe to the oxidation reaction. In turn, the oxidation leads to plate thickness change. The model allows analyzing the temperature distribution during the cutting process for different modes. The following cutting modes are revealed in the model: surface cutting, detail splitting, kinetic and diffusion regime.
Modeling of the Kinetic Experiment of Dicyclopentadiene Olygomerization
Authors: Lyapkov Alexey , Bondaletov Vladimir , Melnik Elena , Borisov Georgy
Published: January 2014

Regularities of the dicyclopentadiene cationic oligomerization under influence of the catalytic system AlEt2Cl: TiCl4 in toluene solution were studied. The most probable mechanism of polymerization in this system is the propagation chain on the contact or solvate-separated ion pairs. The effective rate constant of solvation of the catalyst and chain propagation were calculated. The thermal oligomerization effect and heat of the catalyst system components solvation are determined by heat of oligomerization raw material containing dicyclopentadiene. When taking into account the data of both material and thermal balance the experimental data were described adequately.
Morphometric Parameters and Biochemical Status of Oilseed Rape Exposed to Fine-Dispersed Metallurgical Sludge, PHMB-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles and Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Gusev Alexander A. , Akimova Olga A. , Zakharova Olga V. , Godymchuk Anna Yu. , Krutyakov Yury A. , Klimov Aleksey I. , Denisov Albert N. , Kuznetsov Denis V.
Published: January 2014

Thepaper Presents Biological Properties of Threefine-Dispersed Materials, Namely Metallurgical Sludge, Colloidal Silver Andmulti-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) Exposing Oilseed Rape Plants. the Stimulationof Plant’s Growth by Silver Nanoparticles and the Intensification of Plantpigments Synthesis by MWCNT have been Experimentally Demonstrated. A Small Decreasein Energy and Germination Capacity were Noticed Whereby Colloidal Silver Hadthe Lowest Suppressive Effect, MWCN Tubes had the Highest Effect, and Sludge Wasfound in between Two above-Mentioned Materials. According to the Research, the Usageof Sludge is the most Effective at the Concentration of 10 and 100 g/l,colloidal Silver – 10 g/l and 300 g/l, MWCNT – 0,001 g/l and 1 g/l.
Photoinduced Bactericidal Activity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Attached to the Surface of Polypropylene Fibers
Authors: Ruhov Anatoly S. , Malinovskaya Tatyana D. , Sachkov Victor , Mishchenko Maxim A.
Published: January 2014

In work bactericidal properties of system "TiO2 nanoparticles - the polypropylene fibrous carrier" are defined at impact of ultra-violet radiation concerning gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and conditions under which this property is realized are defined.
Plasma Technology of Silicate Melts Obtaining in Mineral Fibers Production
Authors: Volokitin Oleg G. , Shekhovtsov Valentin V. , Maslov Evgenii A.
Published: January 2014

This article is devoted to research possibility of high-temperature silicate melts producing from feldspar wastes of molybdenum ores enrichment (Khakassia) with use of low-temperature plasma energy.
Vanadium Catalyst Waste in the Synthesis of Heat-Resistant Ceramic Pigments
Authors: Sedelnikova Mariya B. , Liseenko Natalyia V. , Pautova Yuliya I. , Pogrebenkov Valery M.
Published: January 2014

Ceramic pigments with mullite structure were obtained using waste vanadium catalyst. The ion-chromophores were introduced to the initial mixture in the quantity of 5-15 wt. % in the form of nickel, chromium, iron, and cobalt oxides. It was established that the phase composition of the obtained pigments was complex and consisted of mullite and corundum. But it does not effect on the properties of the obtained pigments, in particular, on heat resistance.
Effect of Hydrogen on Plastic Strain Localization of Construction Steels
Authors: Barannikova Svetlana A. , Lunev Aleksey G. , Nadezhkin Mikhail V. , Zuev Lev B.
Published: January 2014

The effect of interstitial hydrogen atoms on the mechanical properties and plastic strain localization patterns in tensile tested specimens of austenitic stainless and low-carbon steels have been studied using a double exposure speckle photography technique. The main parameters of plastic flow localization at various stages of the deformation hardening have been determined in steels electrolytically saturated with hydrogen in a three electrode electrochemical cell at a controlled constant cathode potential.
Effect of the Zeolitic Matrix on the Reduction Process of Cu2+ Cations in Clinoptilolite, Mordenite and Erionite
Authors: Rodríguez-Iznaga Inocente , Petranovskii Vitalii , Espinosa Miguel Ángel Hernández , Barraza Felipe Castillón , Pestryakov Alexey
Published: January 2014

Three different zeolites (erionite, mordenite and natural clinoptilolite) were used to study influence of zeolite topology on the state of copper during ion-exchange and following reduction in hydrogen flow. This comparative study clearly demonstrates the influence of used zeolite matrices on the process of implantation of copper nanospecies. Starting from the ion-exchange, the alterations in the state of Cu2+ ions start to be evident due to variations of the intensity of charge transfer band. Copper ions start to reduce at specific temperatures depending on the type of zeolite matrix. Copper plasma resonance band change its shape and position for different zeolites. In the case of Cu-CLI samples this band change both the shape and position for different temperature of reduction. These observations permit to suggest that the mechanism of copper ion reduction and agglomeration to form copper nanoparticles noticeably depend on the type of zeolite matrix. This mechanism is more complex for the Cu CLI than for the Cu-MOR and Cu-ERI systems. Copper nanoparticles formed at low temperatures in the case of Cu-CLI samples undergo changes while temperature of reduction grow.
Hydrogen Redistribution in Technically Pure Titanium Alloy under X-Ray Exposure at Room Temperature
Authors: Kudiiarov Viktor N. , Lider Andrey M. , Pushilina Natalya S.
Published: January 2014

This paper presents experimental results in study of hydrogen redistribution in technically pure titanium alloy under X-ray exposure at room temperature. It is demonstrated that X-ray exposure to titanium with hydrogen affects hydrogen diffusion and redistribution from the surface area to the depth of the samples irrespective of hydrogen condition in titanium: in hydride form or dissolved state. Increase of the exposure time increases the amount of hydrogen redistributed. Hydrogen desorption during irradiation by X-rays at room temperature does not happen.
Fabrication of SiO2 Porous Ceramics from Rice Husk Ash
Authors: Chen Hui , Zhao Lei , Wang Xi Tang , Li Shu Jing , Feng Liang , Lei Zhong Xin
Published: January 2014

Porous silica ceramics were prepared from rice husk ash with a small amount of soft clay as workability agent by the in situ combustion pore-forming technique. Then, the effects of the forming pressures on the linear shrinkage, density, porosity, absorption of water and mechanical strength were investigated. The results showed that the pores in the samples consisted of two groups. One was original porous texture from rice husk silica, which ranged from 1-10 μm. The other was formed by burning of carbon and grain packing. Obviously, the greater the forming pressure, the denser the sample. Especially, the amounts of the pores with bigger diameter dropped significantly when the forming pressure was greater than 25KN. Porous ceramics with density 1.07g/cm3have high porosity and excellent comprehensive properties up to 10MPa.The preparation of porous ceramics utilizing high content rice husk would provide advantages of economical and ecological aspect.
Reaction and Sintering Mechanism of Forsterite Lightweight Material in Sodium Carbonate Molten Salt
Authors: Guo Ding , Ding Jun , Deng Cheng Ji , Zhu Hong Xi , Zhang Xiao Jun , Yuan Wen Jie
Published: January 2014

Using the natural forsterite and Na2CO3 as a raw material, the forsterite lightweight material was prepared in Na2CO3 molten salt. The reaction between forsterite and Na2CO3 and sintering mechanism of forsterite were studied in the paper. The sintering temperature was 1000 °C, 1100 °C, and the holding time was 1 h, 3 h, 5 h, 7 h, 10 h, respectively. The sintered samples were characterized by XRD and SEM for their microstructure and phase composition analysis which determined the mechanism of the chemical reaction and sintering in the sintering process. The product of Na2MgSiO4 phase in In earlier period of the reactions promoted the rearrangement of particles of forsterite in the initial stage of sintering process. The sintering mechanism was mainly controlled by the diffusion mechanism.
Research on Electromagnetic Shielding Efficiency of Metal Rubber Material
Authors: Li Yu Ming , Yuan Tao
Published: January 2014

Beginning from the manufacture process of metal rubber material, the structure and electromagnetic shielding mechanic were studied. Based on the flange coaxial test, the shielding efficiency of metal rubber samples was measured and the mathematic model of electromagnetic shielding efficiency was deduced. Using Schelkunoff formula the number and fitting curve of shielding efficiency were got. It can be concluded as a new kind of functional material, the metal rubber material would be widely used in the field of electromagnetic shielding and packing.
Synthesis and Photocatalytic Properties of Flower-Like ZnIn2S4 Microspheres by a Solvothermal Method
Authors: Zhou Min Jie , Cui Peng
Published: January 2014

In this work, flower-like ZnIn2S4 microspheres were synthesized using a solvothermal method. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) techniques. The photocatalytic activity of the ZnIn2S4 microspheres was investigated. The ZnIn2S4 microspheres exhibit much higher photocatalytic activity than pure P25 TiO2.
Study on the Spectral Distribution Property of PDLC Films Color Display
Authors: Zhou Yi Hua , He Hong Lin , Qian Jun , Luo Qian , Ma Tao Lin
Published: January 2014

PDLC films are very useful materials and can apply in flexible displays, intelligent switchable windows, information storage and adaptive optical devices. In this paper we focus on its color display characteristic in reflective display and firstly we fabricated PDLC films by polymerization induced phase separation method and measured its transmissivity and spectral reflection curves of the printing ink layer and PDLC covered color by X-Rite DTP41 Spectrophotometer. From the result, it demonstrates that PDLC films show different optical transmission properties in long and short wavelength.
Finite Element Analysis of Piezoelectric Pile Dynamic Characteristics
Authors: Zhang Ai Guo , Yang Tie Jun , Du Jing Tao , Lv Peng , Li Xin Guang
Published: January 2014

The dynamic characteristics of the piezoelectric materials are demonstrated by the ANSYS finite element techniques. Based on the analyses of the modeling results of the monolayer piezoelectric materials, the dynamic characteristics of the multi-layer piezoelectric pile are further investigated. For piezoelectric materials with a certain thickness, it is found that the resulting stroke and output increases with the decrease of the layer thickness which is attributed by the increased layers and substantially unchanged overall-stiffness.
Improving the Performance of Organic Light Emitting Diodes by Doping PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Li Tsai Cheng , Chang Rwei Ching , Chen Yan Jun
Published: January 2014

Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have the potential to compete with other rivals in applications of lighting and small size displays because of low power consumption. To achieve commercial standard, however, the luminance efficiency and device lifetime of the OLEDs still need to be improved. This work characterizes the performance of OLEDs improved by Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). PEDOT:PSS films are deposited on ITO glass by spin coating at the first, and then the hole transporting layer and electron transporting layer of the OLED materialsN,N'-bis (naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-bis (phenyl) benzidine/tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (NPB/Alq3) are thermally evaporated with 1 Å/s deposition rate. The thickness effects of the PEDOT:PSS on the OLED performance are studied. The result shows that PEDOT:PSS effectively improves the luminance of the OLEDs, where 40 nm thick PEDOT:PSS increases 12% and 30 nm thick increases 31% luminance, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of the PEDOT:PSS on the mechanical properties of the OLED are also studied.
Study on Season Factor in the Preparation of PVA/RS Composite
Authors: Wu Chuan Bao
Published: January 2014

The effect of season factor on the performances of poly (vinyl alcohol)/rice straw (PVA/RS) composites prepared by hot-pressing was studied. Two forms of RS, including shortcut RS and RS wires, were used to prepare composite. For PVA/ shortcut RS composites, samples of winter showed higher tensile strength and strength at tensile fracture at different PVA contents than that of summer. When PVA content is 50%, tensile strength of winter sample is 136% higher than that of summer sample and strength at tensile fracture of winter sample is 320% higher than that of summer sample. In addition, samples of winter showed lower tensile stretch and higher hardness at different PVA contents than that of summer. For PVA/RS wire composites, the comparison results are similar. These indicated that season is an important factor for preparing plant based composite with PVA as adhesive.
Study on Chloride Ion Penetrability of Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Yao Shao Wei
Published: January 2014

Chloride ion penetrability of recycled aggregate concrete is one of durability, but it is less on research at present. It simulates resist function which recycled aggregate concrete exists in chlorine ion environment, Results on comparing with natural aggregate concrete will provide reference to study on durability of recycled aggregate concrete.
The Thinning Study of λ/4 Type Absorber Made of Carbon Fiber Membrane and Gypsum Board
Authors: Dong Yi Feng , Hao Wan Jun , Yi Ying Ying , Zhao Hui Chao , Wu Fan , Wang Ming Ming , Chen Dong Wei
Published: January 2014

large thickness of λ/4 type absorber has been an important issue, which affects its application and urges to address. In this paper, λ/4 Type absorber made of carbon fiber membrane, instead of resistive film, and Gypsum board. Its designed for thinning and we took Simulation analysis and experimental testing for it. Results show that, while carbon fiber membrane with a length of 2mm and content of 2.8%, λ/4 type gypsum composite absorber has better absorbing in S-band. Compared with the resistive film, absorber achieved thinning of 10.6%.
The Design and Preparation of Composite Gypsum Boards Absorber Based on Phase Modulation Membrane
Authors: Yi Ying Ying , Hao Wan Jun , Zhao Hui Chao , Dong Yi Feng , Wu Fan , Wang Ming Ming , Chen Dong Wei
Published: January 2014

According to the principle of electromagnetic wave absorption, functionally reforming thermal insulating materials for building, through designing and theoretically simulating of the λ/4 model, the article has successfully prepared EPS composite gypsum boards for electromagnetic wave absorption. The result shows that, a maximum absorption of-18.7dB at 3GHz and 85% of bandwidth below-10dB was achieved under following conditions: using 380Ω/□ resistive film, specimen thickness of 1.50cm. However, by using phase modulation membrane (PMM),it achieved a maximum absorption of-20dB and 100% of bandwidth below-10dB. This new composite materials can be used for electromagnetic interference protection for WLAN and indoor electromagnetic radiation pollution control.
Dyeing Technology of Real Silk with the Natural Curcumine
Authors: Luo Yun Lian
Published: January 2014

In this paper curcumine was used to dye real silk with direct dyeing and mordant dyeing technologies and the dyeing performances of real silk were investigated. The obtained results indicated that the K/S value was 3.541 and the soaping and rubbing fastness were more than level 3 when the real silk was dyed for 45 min at 60°C under pH for 4.0 and the curcumine concentration for 1.6 g/L condition by direct dyeing technology. Compared with direct dyeing technology the soaping and rubbing fastness was more than level 4 when concentration of the iron or aluminum mordant was 5 g/L and real silk was dyed for 30 min at 60 °C by the mordant technology. The obtained results indicated that the dyeing performances of real silk were enhanced through the mordant technology.
Keywords: Curcumine; Real silk; Dyeing performance; Direct dyeing; Mordant dyeing
Research on Compressive Properties of Sea Sand Concrete
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: January 2014

The chloride ion concentration of sea sand were measured by Volhard method and identified the method of removal chloride ions in sea sand. By comparison of compression test for sea sand concrete and river sand concrete ,two compressive strength performance is basically the same , Verify the feasibility of the concrete of the treated sea sand for bluiding.
Properties of P91 Steel Steam Conduit Pipe with Low Hardness in a 600 MW Power Plant
Authors: Zhao Yong Feng , Cai Hong Sheng , Wang Liang Wei , Geng Jin Feng , Ma Dong Fang , Niu Yu Jing , Liu Yong Cheng
Published: January 2014

The hardness of P91 for HP loop pipes was lower than required in standard in a power plant which has run for about 35,000 hours. The experiments about Metallographic and conventional mechanical properties were done in this paper. The results show that the metallographic of P91 with low hardness was abnormal, creep damage was not found, and mechanical properties were poor.So the HP loop pipe with low hardness cant continue to be used safely.After re-heat treatment for HP loop pipe with low hardness,the results about metallographic and mechanical tests show that the performance of the pipe is good,and can continue to be used.
Quantitative Analysis of Sn-2 Palmitic Acid Content in the Triacylglycerols from Algae Oil Using Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Authors: Liu Xi , Zhao Xing Yu , Wang Xu Dong , Pang Na , Wang Min , Wang Jun
Published: January 2014

The enzymatic hydrolysis parameters of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in algae oil to get sn-2 glycerel monostearte including substrate amount, lipase amount and reaction time was studied, and the products of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were detected by gas chromatography (GC). The result indicated that the optimum conditions to hydrolyze TAGs in algae oil were as follows: mass ratio of substrate to lipase of 1:1, 2 mL Tris-HCl buffer, 0.2 mL CaCl2solution, 0.5 mL sodium cholate hydrate solution were added in each 30mg substrate, and reaction time of 1.5 min with 120 rpm at 40 °C, the highest palmitic acid (PA) content accounted for 9.1% of total oil.
Effect of Adding Y2O3 on Synthesis of Al4SiC4 Powders
Authors: Zhou Shi Min , Yu Chao , Deng Cheng Ji , Zhu Hong Xi , Yuan Wen Jie
Published: January 2014

The reaction process of synthesis of Al4SiC4from Al, Si and graphite powders and the effects of Y2O3on synthesis and microstructure of Al4SiC4were investigated in this paper. The results show that no substantial changes in the formation of Al4SiC4content with or without addition of Y2O3. The addition of Y2O3to Al, Si and carbon powder mixtures was found to be effective for obtaining tabular grains of Al4SiC4. Conversely, Al4SiC4grains existed as irregular granules without addition of Y2O3.
The Effects of Solid-Solution on Properties and Microstructure of 6063 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Chen Ben , Wu Yu Jiao , Zhu Tao , Li Xin Yun
Published: January 2014

The solution treatment of 6063 aluminum alloy was carried out and the influences of solution process on microstructure, strength, hardness, and electrical resistivity of 6063 aluminum alloy was analyzed. The result shows that the suitable solution treatment can improve alloy solution-degree fully, meanwhile the changes of electrical resistivity of alloy tend to be balanced. The suitable solution process for 6063 aluminum alloy is solution-treated at 520°C for 3.5h, and the strength and hardness of alloy can be enhanced extremely after aging-treatment at 200°C for 5h.
A Study on Thermal Fatigue Behavior of Al-Si-Mg Casting Alloys
Authors: Zhang Xiu Hai , Lai Can Wei , Xian Man Feng , Su Guang Cai
Published: January 2014

The thermal fatigue behaviors of traditional Al-Si-Mg casting alloy and optimized Al-Si-Mg casting alloys at different thermal fatigue temperatures were investigated. Fatigue cracking appeared on the surface of traditional Al-Si-Mg alloy after 450 thermal cycles at 300 °C thermal fatigue temperature. However, the fatigue cracking was not found on the surface of optimized Al-Si-Mg alloy at the limited thermal fatigue cycles (less than 4450 times). Moreover, the optimized Al-Si-Mg alloy only occurred to elastic deformation and could not emerge in irreversible deformation. The grain refinement in the optimized Al-Si-Mg alloy could make the thermal fatigue cracking appeared much later and propagated much slowly. These results showed that the thermal fatigue resistance of optimized Al-Si-Mg alloy was superior to that of traditional Al-Si-Mg alloy.
Creep Properties of Mg-12Gd-3Y-1Sm-0.5Zr Alloy
Authors: Li Quan An , Chen Zhi , Liu Wen Jian , Song Xiao Jie
Published: January 2014

The Mg-12Gd-3Y-1Sm-0.5Zr (wt.%) alloy was prepared. After solution and aging treatment, the microstructure and mechanical properties of alloy was investigated. The results show that the experimental alloy is mainly composed by α-Mg matrix and Mg5Gd, Mg24Y5, Mg41Sm5 phase. The experimental alloy has excellent creep properties at 200-300°C/50-70MPa.
Effect of Pre-Treatment on the Precipitation Hardening of a Novel Al-Mg-Si Alloy
Authors: Quan Li Wei , Wu Rui , Fang Da Ran , Liu Yuan Yuan , Wang Chuan Cai
Published: January 2014

Al-Mg-Si alloy is used to investigate the bake-hardening response as automotive body panels. Natural aging followed by artificial aging at 170°C was carried on to study the effect of delaying at room temperature. Two methods are carried on to investigate the effect of pre-treatment on hardening response of Al-Mg-Si alloy. One is pre-aging in the range 80-140°Cfollowed by artificial aging at 170°C after natural aging for the same periods, and the other is retrogression treatment followed by artificial aging at 170°C after natural aging for the same periods. The properties of the alloy are tested by Vickers hardness measurements. And it is found that the optimal pre-ageing is 170°C for 30min and the opimal retrogression treatment is 230°C for 15s.