bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TEP in the ER: After Hours Tracheoesophageal Prosthesis Management for the Otolaryngologist
Authors: Ottenstein Lauren R. , Shipp Christina , Patel Mihir , El-Deiry Mark , Sebelik Merry
Published: November 2024

Background:

Tracheoesophageal voice puncture and prosthesis (TEP) is a common method of voice restoration following total laryngectomy. A variety of complications, both minor and major, can be associated with the TEP and require timely intervention/management. Some of those complications include premature leakage, periprosthetic leakage, granulation tissue growth, TEP dislodgement, or embedding of the TEP. Patients may present with problems and/or complications with the voice prosthesis in an emergency setting or after clinic hours when a trained speech pathologist is not present or readily available for evaluation and management. This manuscript aims to provide guidance for management of acute TEP complications to otolaryngology responders, especially those who may be less familiar with TEP troubleshooting.

Methods:

Experiential and literature review was undertaken by a group of head and neck specialized Speech Language Professionals in high volume Head & Neck Oncology practices, to develop consensus guidelines for emergency TEP management.

Results:

TEP emergencies were categorized as (1) leakage through, (2) leakage around, (3) sudden loss of voicing, (4) loss of prosthesis, still in tract, (5) loss of prosthesis, not in tract. Management strategies for each form of emergency were developed to achieve patient safety and stability until definitive measures could be performed by the patient’s Speech Language Professional.

Conclusions:

The goals of emergency management of TEP problems focused on minimizing risk of aspiration pneumonia, risk of foreign body aspiration, risk of wound complications at the puncture site. A simple management algorithm was developed for emergency or on-call otolaryngology responders.
Vertical z-axis discontinuous carbon fibers for improved lightning strike performance of continuous fiber-reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Hmeidat Nadim S. , Millen Scott L. J. , Saha Subhabrata , Kunc Vlastimil , Arabi Hassen Ahmed , Kumar Vipin
Published: November 2024

Effective lightning strike protection for critical aerospace and wind applications requires high electrical conductivity to dissipate current efficiently. However, polymer matrix composites face a challenge due to their inherently insulating nature. While conventional carbon fiber-reinforced composites (CFRP) exhibit electrical conductivity in the planar direction, achieving through-thickness conductivity remains an ongoing challenge. In this work, we have undertaken the fabrication of CFRP interleaved with vertically oriented carbon fibers (Z-fiber) to impart higher electrical conductivity along the thickness direction. Two Z-fiber composite variations are prepared: Z-1 with a single layer of Z-fiber and Z-5 with five interleaved layers and compared with no Z-fiber layer (Z-0) composite. The composite panels were subjected to lab-scale lightning strike tests with a current magnitude of 100 kA. To emulate real-world service conditions, an aerospace-grade paint coating was applied to the composite laminates. Comparative analysis shows Z-1 reduces damage diameter to ∼22 mm compared to Z-0 (∼26 mm), while Z-5 exhibits the least damage (∼16.7 mm), confirmed by optical microscopy. Z-5 demonstrates nine times higher through-thickness electrical conductivity than Z-0, reducing electrical anisotropy substantially. Thermal-electric finite element damage modeling predicts surface damage within 6% of experimental values for both Z-0 and Z-5 composites. Flexural tests post-lightning reveal Z-5 retains 66% flexural strength and 86% modulus, significantly better than Z-0, which retains less than 40% for both properties. This study highlights the efficacy of Z-fiber composites in lightning strike protection, offering improved through-thickness conductivity and mechanical property retention.
Predictive modeling for hat-stiffener delamination during low velocity impact
Authors: Seamone Andrew , Devaru Siddhant , Waas Anthony M. , Ranatunga Vipul
Published: November 2024

Barely visible impact damage poses a significant threat to composite structures, particularly prevalent in the aerospace industry. The occurrence of low velocity impact (LVI) events can lead to substantial deformations in composite structures, causing interlaminar delamination and diminishing their compression load carrying capacity. Beyond LVI-induced interlaminar delamination, it is crucial to investigate failures occurring between co-cured composite structures. This study focuses on hat-stiffened coupon structures, to investigate the delaminating phenomenon between the hat and skin components. The outcomes of experimental results inform the development of a finite element model, enabling to capture the structural response and delamination dynamics. The primary objective of the experiments is to understand the delamination process which occurs suddenly upon impact. LVI experiments are conducted to understand the structural behavior at varied impact locations. A mesh study establishes the relationship between cohesive parameters and element size in the model to enable computational efficiency by avoiding the need for a highly refined mesh. When the mesh is relatively coarse, the finite element model’s capability to resolve stresses at near singular locations is limited, however the computational time is lower. Therefore, the balance between computational efficiency on the one hand, and resolving gradients on the other, requires a fine balance in order to carry out a large number of design iterations efficiently. This research significantly contributes to advancing our understanding of delamination mechanisms at free edges in composite structures, offering valuable insights for computational modeling.
An evaluation of progressive damage analysis methods for modeling low velocity impact of thermoplastic composites
Authors: Cutting Rebecca A.
Published: November 2024

State-of-the-art progressive damage and failure analysis (PDFA) tools for composites were developed for thermoset materials because of the prevalence of the material system within the aerospace industry and the need to address damage growth behavior of composites analytically. As the presence of thermoplastic materials has started to grow in the industry, it is necessary to be able to predict their behavior as well. However, it is unclear whether existing tools based on linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) can be used to represent thermoplastics. One application area for PDFA tools is low velocity impact (LVI). This work presents two PDFA modeling methods originally validated for predicting damage of thermoset composites in low-velocity impact and evaluates their ability to model a thermoplastic material system in the same scenario. Both methods use MAT299, a continuum damage mechanics material model, to represent interlaminar damage and a cohesive tiebreak definition within LS-DYNA to represent delamination within a laminate. The results reveal that the cohesive tiebreak modeling method, while successful in modeling thermoset materials, is not currently capable of predicting the delamination response of thermoplastics. The larger strain energy release rates for the thermoplastic material in combination with a deficiency in the modeling method are believed to be the cause of the reduced delamination in the simulations. Potential routes for improving the delamination prediction in the simulations include adjusting the mode-mixity behavior, using a different cohesive approach for delamination, developing new best practices for cohesive behavior, and incorporating further non-linearity into the material model.
Vulnerability to Achievement Stressors: More Evidence That Students With Learning Disabilities Require Intensive Intervention
Authors: Namkung Jessica M. , Fuchs Lynn S.
Published: November 2024

In this article, we introduce the term vulnerability to achievement stressors, which refers to differentially low achievement when shifts in the educational environment “stress” or threaten the capacity of an individual or a group of individuals to make academic progress. We also introduce a methodological framework for assessing vulnerability to achievement stressors. Vulnerability to achievement stressors in students with learning disabilities (LD), relative to students without disabilities, is illustrated with two achievement stressors: (a) the shift in learning standards codified in Common Core State Standards, specifically the increase in complexity of the fourth-grade fractions curriculum, and (b) the COVID-19 pandemic, which decreased instructional structure by disrupting in-person teaching. Because these illustrations were embedded within randomized controlled trials, each with an inclusive instruction condition and an intensive intervention condition, they also provide the basis for concluding that intensive intervention is more effective than inclusive instruction for addressing students with LD’s vulnerability to achievement stressors and for narrowing their persistently severe achievement gaps.
Coexistence of uterine adenosarcoma and endometrioid endometrial carcinoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Wenyan , Li Jianyu , Xu Juan , Tang Hao , Chen Ying , Guo Deyu
Published: November 2024

Uterine adenosarcoma coexisting with endometrial carcinoma is a very rare disease. Herein, we reported the case of uterine adenosarcoma coexisting with endometrioid endometrial carcinoma. Transvaginal ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging examinations all indicated a space-occupying lesion in the uterine cavity, and initially was considered endometrial carcinoma. Subsequently, total hysterectomy combined with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy, and para-aortic lymphadenectomy were performed. The coexistence of uterine adenosarcoma and endometrioid endometrial carcinoma was histologically confirmed postoperatively. The patient recovered well after surgery and was discharged on postoperative day 7. At a follow-up examination 10 months after surgery, we found no evidence of discomforting symptoms and recurrence or metastasis. Since the coexistence of uterine adenosarcoma and endometrial carcinoma is rare, it is easy to be overlooked the presence of uterine adenosarcoma on imaging or morphology, and thus be misdiagnosed as a more common disease, namely endometrial carcinoma. Observing the cystic structure within the lesion on magnetic resonance imaging is helpful for the diagnosis of uterine adenosarcoma. This article summarizes the imaging characteristics, clinicopathological features, molecular correlation, treatment, and prognosis of the disease.
Precise control algorithm of rotational speed of the valve-controlled hydraulic motor under load fluctuating conditions
Authors: Hu Kai , Zhang Wenyi
Published: November 2024

The present study focuses on the analysis and design of a novel fuzzy adaptive PID control algorithm, aiming to enhance the speed control accuracy of valve-controlled hydraulic motors under load fluctuating conditions. The method of model identification was adopted to calculate the transfer function of valve-controlled hydraulic motor based on the established hydraulic technology scheme. The chassis of the valve-controlled hydraulic motor is subsequently investigated, and a model for E-grade pavement is constructed using the harmonic superposition method. Through dynamic simulation, the load fluctuation range under two common operating conditions is determined. The fuzzy adaptive PID algorithm was subsequently designed in detail, with the error and its rate of change being considered as input parameters, while the increments of the proportional coefficient, integral constant, and differential constant were regarded as output parameters. Co-simulation data indicate that, compared with the PID algorithm, the average error of the fuzzy adaptive PID algorithm can be reduced by more than 50% and the rise time is reduced by 0.04 seconds. To validate the theoretical analysis, a tracked hydraulic chassis was developed and tested. At an expected speed of 200 rev/min, the average error decreased by 1.68 rev/min, while at an expected speed of 1000 rev/min, the average error reduced by 2.68 rev/min. The designed intelligent control algorithm can effectively improve the control accuracy and stability under load fluctuating conditions.
Transitioning from AGVs to AIVs in integrated job shop scheduling with transportation tasks: a multi-agent simulator for comparative analysis
Authors: Sanogo Kader , Mekhalef Benhafssa Abdelkader , Sahnoun M’hammed
Published: November 2024

Optimizing job shop scheduling in modern factories demands flexibility and adaptability to handle unexpected events and Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) limitations. This paper addresses these challenges by introducing a novel multi-agent simulator for the Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) with UGVs handling transportation tasks. The simulator, designed with Netlogo, incorporates real-world constraints, such as collision avoidance, UGV fleet size, and battery limitations, often overlooked in prior studies. By comparing the two categories of UGVs, namely, Autonomous Guided Vehicles (AGVs) and Autonomous Intelligent Vehicles (AIVs), under different scheduling methods (static vs dynamic), we evaluate their performance in constrained manufacturing environments. Our findings highlight the superior performance of AIVs in terms of overall makespan and resilience to additional constraints. Among other results, we found that schedules with a fleet of 2 AIVs produced similar makespans than schedules with a fleet of 4 AGVs. Consequently, the simulator and the conducted study provide valuable insights for optimizing JSSP within constrained environments and making informed decisions regarding AIVs adoption.
Navigating the Adoption Maze: Evolutionary Dynamics of Stakeholder Behavior in AI-Driven Elderly Care Solutions
Authors: Yang Jinxin , Wang Xiangqian
Published: November 2024

In the face of a rapidly aging population and the increasing demand for elderly care, the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare products has emerged as a promising solution to enhance service delivery. This paper investigates the behavioral evolution of multiple stakeholders—namely, government entities, AI healthcare enterprises, and medical professionals—in the adoption process of AI-enabled elderly care products. By employing an evolutionary game theory model, we analyze the stability strategies of these stakeholders under varying initial conditions. Our findings reveal that government subsidies and regulatory measures play a crucial role in promoting the adoption of these technologies, while the attitudes of enterprises and medical professionals are significantly influenced by perceived costs and benefits. Simulation analyses were conducted using MATLAB 2019a to validate the model, providing insights into optimizing stakeholder engagement and enhancing the adoption of AI in elderly care. We propose actionable recommendations for policymakers and industry leaders to foster the integration of AI into elderly care services, addressing critical challenges and leveraging opportunities in this evolving landscape.
Commentary: Bridging and Reducing the Gaps Between Research and Practice: Pathways to Outcomes and the Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation 2.0
Authors: Wandersman Abraham , Cook Brittany S. , Clark Kristina , Flaspohler Paul , Watson Amber , Lamont Andrea E.
Published: November 2024

There are many ways proposed to achieve better societal outcomes (e.g., in health, education, and well-being) including: (1) bridging research and practice, (2) building the motivation and capacity of service delivery organizations (e.g., schools, hospitals, clinics, and community-based organizations) to innovate, and (c) providing service delivery systems with high-quality support via training and technical assistance. The Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation (ISF) was developed to describe how relevant systems, organizations, and processes can interact and work toward these goals. Stimulated by the 13 articles contained in the two special issues of Strengthening the Science and Practice of Implementation Support: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Training and Technical Assistance Centers, we describe several enhancements to the ISF including: how service delivery systems can operate better, how motivation and capacity can be built, and how training and technical assistance centers can provide more evidence-informed technical assistance and other promising innovations. ISF 2.0 incorporates these and other enhancements with the goal of achieving better outcomes. We conclude that the actions and accountability of funders and of organizations and systems to funders would accelerate progress in the systems to achieve outcomes—and result in improving the science and practice of implementation support.
Values as Master Identities within Identity Structures
Authors: Ramos Maria C.
Published: November 2024

A long-standing sociological puzzle deals with how societies shape individuals and their identities. Sociologists have theorized that identities are organized around core elements, termed “master identities,” that influence the adoption and expression of other identities. In this study, I examine the position of values as master identities within identity frameworks. I investigate the link between conservation and self-transcendence values and holding a diverse set of voluntary memberships. Additionally, I explore whether values mediate the relationship between age, gender, and memberships in voluntary organizations. Using multilevel structural equation models and data from the European Social Survey 2002, I find that conservation and self-transcendence are both directly associated with holding memberships across domains and mediate the relationship between both age and gender and voluntary memberships.
Gender Equality in the Division of Housework and Fertility Intentions in Canada: The Moderating Effect of Employment and Education
Authors: Erfani Amir , Pilon Leandra
Published: November 2024

Drawing on the Gender Revolution Framework, this research uses data from Canada General Social Survey and binary logistic regression to examine how the gender division of housework influences fertility intentions among partnered women aged 18–39 ( N = 1589), across various employment and education levels. Unadjusted results showed that women who shared household routine tasks (cooking, cleaning, dishes, and laundry) and intermittent tasks (grocery shopping, organizing social life, finance, and bill paying) with their partner had higher intentions to have children. The adjusted findings revealed that women’s employment status moderated the relationship between gender division of household routine tasks and fertility intentions, while education had no significant moderating effect. Employed women who did not share equally household routine tasks with their spouse had a lower probability of intention to have children (0.22), compared to their unemployed counterparts (0.48). The findings have significant implications for social and family policies that are discussed in detail.
Space technologies for development? Practicing sovereignty, beyond inclusion
Authors: Marino Alessandra , Berardi Andrea , Mistry Jayalaxshmi , Jafferally Deirdre , Marcus Carol Ann , Albert Grace , David Nyola , Duncan Monalisa , Jacobs Caroline , David Everson , Holden Felix , Lourindo Louwana , Moses Chance , Roberts Anthony , Singh Victorine , Xavier Rebecca
Published: November 2024

The increasing use and integration of space technologies in International Development projects raises fundamental questions about the ways in which these technologies are produced and applied, for what purposes and what ideas of innovation underpin their knowledge frameworks. With reference to two UK Space Agency (UKSA)-funded projects aiming to create an environmental information system using remotely sensed data, this article considers the possibilities and threats of user-centred technology design for the management of Indigenous territories. The team of Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers grapples with the contradictions and sites of tension emerging at the intersection of the space sector, development, Earth system science and Indigenous sovereignty. Can space science and development be re-interpreted in the light of local needs, knowledges and right to self-determination? While common reliance on Western epistemologies feeds into deterministic understandings of technological benefits, this article presents Indigenous worldviews and practices as integral to codesign and co-implementation of innovations that are both technical and social. It argues that data are grounded and must be kept in connection with the contexts, culture and knowledges that make up a place. Praxis – as a theoretically inspired practice of doing development projects – thus emerges as a worldmaking activity inspired by a vision of design that foregrounds Indigenous sovereignty.
Adult sibling relationships and media multiplexity theory
Authors: Corder Maura D. , Hall Jeffrey A. , Pennington Natalie , Holmstrom Amanda J.
Published: November 2024

Sibling relationships are among the longest-lasting relationships in people’s lives. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), including voice calls, texting, and social media, help adult siblings keep in touch. The present study tests media multiplexity theory (MMT) in the context of adult sibling relationships. In the first study, a quota sample of American adults completed several name listing tasks to identify their most important relationship partners, ranging from 0 to 16 people, and 29% of participants listed at least one sibling. Multilevel modeling (MLM) results found that emotional closeness between siblings was positively associated with the frequency of phone calls and emails and negatively associated with the frequency of person-to-person media sharing. Showing mixed support for MMT, the number of ICTs used was negatively associated with emotional closeness, but the overall frequency of ICT use was positively associated with closeness. In the second study, a quota sample of American adults identified six of their closest friendships, and siblings constituted 2.9% of friends listed. MLM results found that the frequency of phone calls and text messages between siblings was positively associated with emotional closeness. The number of ICTs used was unrelated to emotional closeness, but the overall frequency of ICT use was positively associated with closeness, showing partial support for MMT. Both studies suggested that the frequency of communicating across ICTs was associated with greater life satisfaction, accounting for sibling closeness.
Managerial and organisational factors: Unravelling resource allocation choices in high-performing micro-firms
Authors: Annosi Maria Carmela , Cappa Francesco , Massa Silvia , Messeni Petruzzelli Antonio , Peruffo Enzo
Published: November 2024

Resource allocation decisions are pivotal in shaping the strategic direction of organisations, particularly in micro-firms that operate with limited resources and dispersed information. This research delves into the intricate interplay between managerial and organisational factors related to information collection, processing and resource allocation in the context of high-performing micro-firms. By advancing our understanding of how the internal coordination of information needed in decision-making and resource allocation evolves within micro-firms, we reveal the mechanisms that stabilise the relationship between participants and problems. Additionally, we explore how the capabilities of managers and owners, who often centralise final decisions in micro-firms, can catalyse the emergence of such coordination. This holistic view of strategic resource allocation in micro-firm settings addresses the fundamental question of how micro-enterprises overcome structural limitations to achieve high levels of performance. Our findings provide valuable insights for scholars, managers and policymakers, contributing to the broader discourse on resource management in micro-firms.
HPV infection status among women of all ages in Jinshan District, Shanghai
Authors: Shanshan Chen , Jing Chen , Tao Xiao
Published: November 2024

Objective

We explored the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among women in Jinshan District, Shanghai.

Methods

We analyzed all HPV testing samples sent from our unit between December 2023 and April 2024. We reported the HPV prevalence overall, by age, and by subtype.

Results

In total, 3788 women aged 16 to 90 years had HPV test results. The prevalence of infection with any HPV subtype was 17.9%. The HPV prevalence by age group was: ≤30 years, 15.4%; 31–40 years, 14.7%; 41–50 years, 17.0%; 51–60 years, 22.4%; >60 years, 31.0%. Among HPV-positive women, 80.6% had infection with one subtype, 16.4% had dual infection, and 3.1% had three or more subtypes detected. We found 640 cases (16.9%) of infection with high-risk HPV subtypes and 139 cases (5.04%) of infection with low-risk HPV subtypes. The most common high-risk subtypes were HPV 52, 53, 58, and 16; the most common low-risk subtypes were HPV 81, 70, and 42.

Conclusion

We detected ≥1 HPV subtype among most women in our study. The prevalence of HPV was lowest in younger women and highest in women age >60 years. Tailored strategies for older women are needed to prevent HPV infection and cervical cancer.
Knowledge sharing through scenario development: Experiences of an interdisciplinary and international research project
Authors: Pößneck Janine , Kabisch Sigrun , Kowaltowski Doris C. C. K. , van Oel Clarine J. , Soliman-Junior João , Tzortzopoulos Patricia , Koolwijk Jelle S. J.
Published: November 2024

This paper discusses knowledge sharing through scenario development as applied in the interdisciplinary and international research project uVITAL. It focused on user-oriented upgrading of the social housing stock. The aim was to gain deeper insights into the specificities and commonalities of the four country case studies involved. Two online workshops, which included various steps for scenario development, were particularly important during the COVID-19 pandemic when face-to-face exchanges were not possible. A Miro whiteboard was very useful as a technical communication and collaboration tool. This paper outlines the benefits and challenges of scenario development to facilitate communication and collaboration between researchers from different disciplines and national and cultural backgrounds, particularly in online and hybrid settings. The well-structured process of scenario development was an important step in the project, moving from passive to active knowledge sharing. This included issues of content, geographical and cultural diversity and methodological openness.
Multi-scale finite element analysis of laser-assisted forming of CF/PEEK composite corner structures
Authors: Dai Zhihong , Miao Qiuyu , Ma Guangyi , Niu Fangyong , Wu Dongjiang
Published: November 2024

Laser-assisted forming can significantly increase the forming efficiency of thermoplastic composites. However, when forming CF/PEEK curved corner structures using laser-assisted forming, bending spring-back generated by the prepreg tape constrains the shape accuracy of the component. The bending deformation of unidirectional resin matrix composite materials is highly nonlinear. In this study, a multi-scale finite element method is used to obtain the bending properties of CF/PEEK composites for bending spring-back phenomenon of thermoplastic composite samples and predict the spring-back angle of CF/PEEK corner structures fabricated via laser-assisted forming. The average material properties were first calculated using RVE. Following this, a mesoscale model was developed to analyze kink deformation of the composite. Finally, the macroscopic prepreg bending spring-back was calculated. It was determined that the main mechanism of corner forming corresponds to the occurrence of a fiber kinking phenomenon on the interior of the corner. Furthermore, spring-back deformation is caused by residual stresses resulting from insufficient fiber kinking. The accuracy of the simulation results is verified via corner forming experiments. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the spring-back mechanisms of laser-assisted forming of corner structures and provides a theoretical guidance for precision forming of multilayer thermoplastic composite bent structures.
“We’re Preventing People From Going Into the Most Expensive Level of Care in Every Way that We Can”: Barriers and Recommendations for Use of Local Funds
Authors: Brekke Bailee , Janssen Leah M. , Dikhtyar Oksana , Nelson Ian , Applebaum Robert
Published: November 2024

Most older Americans do not financially qualify for Medicaid and support provided through the Older Americans Act is quite limited. In response, Ohio has generated funds for services for older adults through the use of local county tax levy programs. Ohio currently leads the nation in the utilization and support of local levy funding, generating more than US$200 million annually. This study conducted qualitative descriptive interviews with 15 locally funded programs across the state. Thematic analysis revealed that local programs encounter an array of implementation barriers, including increased state and federal eligibility requirements, staffing issues, lack of access to services in rural locations, and low reimbursement rates. These barriers are coupled with added pressure from county officials to move individuals onto state-funded programs, rather than locally funded programs. This paper also provides recommendations for how these programs can be better supported to ensure their sustainability for the future.
Responsibilizing the Net-Zero Hero? Creation and Implications of a Tragic Subject Position
Authors: van Laer Tom , Smith Morgan E.
Published: November 2024

The energy sector is the largest contributor to global carbon dioxide emissions. To address the current climate emergency, however, energy market actors (e.g., energy providers, nongovernmental organizations, policy makers) try to make individual consumers take responsibility for achieving an overall net balance of zero greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose of this research is to understand this process of responsibilization and its implications. The research method is a narrative discourse analysis of hundreds of public documents by energy market actors. The findings show that market actors try to shape ordinary consumers into “net-zero heroes” with responsibility for reducing emissions but end up creating a tragedy when these market actors translate their collective agenda into a metanarrative. These findings have implications for consumer responsibilization specifically and the conversion of agendas into action more generally. Theoretically, this research shows (1) the influence of the translation stage in the agenda-to-action chain, (2) the way market actors attempt to form net-zero heroes, and (3) the limited usefulness of the hero narrative. Practically, the research explains the implications of making consumers solely responsible for reducing emissions.
The “Best of 2024 List” of Health Promotion Researchers
Authors: Terry Paul E.
Published: November 2024

Each year the editorial team of the American Journal of Health Promotion selects our “Best of the Year List” of health promotion studies from the prior year. This editorial features the Editor’s Picks Awards, the Editor in Chief Awards, the Michael P. O’Donnell Award and the Dorothy Nyswander Award for the best research and writing published in 2024 in this journal. Our criteria for selection includes: whether the study addresses a topic of timely importance in health promotion, the research question is clearly stated and the study methods used are well executed; whether the paper is often cited and downloaded; if the study findings offer a unique contribution to the literature; and if the paper is well-written and enjoyable to read. Awardees in 2024 offered new insights into research methods, the impact of COVID-19 on individuals and groups, brain health and mental health assessment, climate change perceptions and the role of diversity, equity and inclusion in advancing employee health. This “best of 2024 list” featured studies based in health systems, workplaces and communities and includes case studies and qualitative and quantitative research methods that enabled researchers to better explain what amplifies or hampers well-being.
Predictive Utility of Four Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Assessments and Cognitive Status Changes Among Cognitively In-Tact Older Adults
Authors: Phillips Christine B. , McVey Ava , Sprague Briana N. , Cooper Kalvry , Stephan Abigail T. , Ross Lesley A.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To examine the factor structure and predictive utility of four instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) measures to identify cognitive status changes among older adults enrolled in the ACTIVE Trial.

Major Findings

Extracted factors represented IADL instruments. Baseline performance on the Everyday Problems Test (EPT) predicted 5-year MMSE scores (est. = .08, p < .001), adjusting for demographic and health covariates, baseline MMSE, self-reported IADL function, and the performance-based Observed Tasks of Daily Living and Timed Instrumental Activities of Daily Living assessments. For each 1-point increase in baseline EPT financial performance, the odds of cognitive impairment decreased by 26%.

Conclusions

IADL functional domains were not interchangeable across instruments. The EPT demonstrated better predictive utility compared to other instruments for detecting subsequent cognitive decline/impairment. This is a useful step in developing effective tools to detect early functional deficits indicating subsequent clinical impairment. Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly Trial (ACTIVE), NCT00298558, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00298558 .
Prediction of splash noise in a rectangular tank under longitudinal periodic excitation
Authors: Golla Siva Teja , Venkatesham B.
Published: November 2024

Sloshing phenomena within fuel tanks have emerged as a significant contributor to noise in hybrid and high-end vehicles, particularly as other sources of noise, such as those from the engine and transmission system, minimized. The manifestation of noise during sloshing results from the dynamic interplay between the fluid within the tank and both its surrounding structures and the fluid itself. “Splash noise” is an acoustic phenomenon which arises due to pressure fluctuations induced by fluid-fluid interactions during sloshing. Thus, the generation of splash noise encompasses a multi-physics process involving fluid flow and acoustic radiation. Accurate prediction of splash noise is crucial for implementing measures to mitigate it during the design phase. The current paper proposes a hybrid approach for predicting splash noise within a rectangular tank. The first step in the methodology is to predict the flow field within the tank, from which acoustic sources are computed. These sources are then utilized to calculate the sound propagation based on the acoustic analogy. To emulate a regime dominated by fluid-fluid interactions, periodic longitudinal excitations are imposed on the rectangular tank, both with and without baffles. Parameters such as fluid free-surface profile, tank wall pressures, and radiated sound pressure levels are systematically calculated and subsequently validated against experimental results available in the existing literature.
Successful outcome of performing CO2 laser ablation in a middle-aged female with angiokeratoma of Fordyce
Authors: Lewis Janice Reema , Bhat M Ramesha , Bhat Archana , Fernandes Michelle Serene , Martis Jacintha
Published: November 2024

Angiokeratoma of Fordyce, a localized form of angiokeratoma, is commonly found on the scrotum but rarely affects the vulva. We have documented a case of angiokeratoma of Fordyce in a female patient. She was treated with two sessions of CO2 laser ablation, following which her lesions resolved.
Fixed-time adaptive sliding mode-based active rollover prevention control of automated guided vehicles via improved super-twisting observer
Authors: Liu Tiankuo , Kong Huifang , Zhang Xiaoxue , Fang Yao , Zhang Qian
Published: November 2024

As an important component of automated guided vehicle (AGV) active safety systems, the active rollover prevention (ARP) control has been widely studied. In this paper, a fixed-time adaptive sliding mode (FTASM) control strategy based on nested adaptive law (NAL) and improved super-twisting observer (ISTO) is developed for the AGV. Firstly, the lateral and roll motion dynamics of AGV are established, and the ARP problem is transformed into the yaw stability control with constraints. Subsequently, a faster fixed-time stable system-based FTASM composite controller is proposed to guarantee a fixed and faster convergence time of the yaw rate tracking error, such that the rollover stability will reach a region of permissible risk. The adoption of NAL enables the adaptive controller to automatically search the minimum switching gain satisfying the reaching condition of sliding mode, thus the conservative assumption constraint of the disturbance upper bound is released. In addition, an ISTO is developed to estimate the unknown disturbance to further improve the control robustness and attenuate the control chattering. The closed-loop stability analysis is rigorously given by Lyapunov theory. Finally, the performance of the proposed control strategy is validated by hardware-in-loop simulations with Adams and Matlab software and an actual steer-by-wire plant.
Theory Development and Crime Prevention Insights From the NCVS
Authors: Tseloni Andromachi
Published: November 2024

The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) has furnished U.S. crime statistics and high quality data for theory development and policy insights for over 50 years. This article highlights few of these achievements drawing on the development of criminological thinking with regard to measurement, and explanation of victimization and its concentration on a small minority of the population. It overviews lifestyle and the more encompassing environmental criminology theory for victimization, and explanations of multiple victimization, and the international crime drop that relied on NCVS data. Selected crime prevention insight and few recommendations for future research conclude the article.
The Relationship Between Mental Health and Coping Strategies in Primary Caregivers of ADHD Patients
Authors: Nadi Sakhvidi Mohammad , Namdari Mahshid , Shayegh Samira , Abbaslou Tahereh , Bozorg Mina , Sadeghiyeh Tahereh , Bozorg Bonnie
Published: November 2024

Taking care of a child with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been linked to emotional problems. However, using effective coping strategies positively impact the mental health of caregivers for children with ADHD. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ADHD caregivers’ coping strategies and their mental health. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 84 caregivers of ADHD children. The Coping Response Inventory and the General Health Questionnaire were completed by them. In the caregivers studied, emotion-focused coping’s score was positively correlated with somatic symptoms ( r = .45, p < .001), anxiety and insomnia ( r = .52, p < .001), social dysfunction ( r = .27, p < .05), and depression ( r = .49, p < .001). Similarly, physical inhibition or somatization of problem’s score was positively correlated with somatic symptoms ( r = .66, p < .001), anxiety and insomnia ( r = .54, p < .001), social dysfunction ( r = .32, p < .01), and depression ( r = .36, p < .001). Our findings indicate that ineffective coping strategies can potentially increase mental health problems in caregivers of children with ADHD.
A numerical study of Mullins softening effects on mode I crack propagation in viscoelastic solids
Authors: Hou Nan , Guo Qiang , Zaïri Fahmi , Xu Huixia , Ding Ning
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a finite element analysis of steady-state crack propagation in viscoelastic soft solids exhibiting Mullins softening. A cohesive-zone model is employed to simulate the localized processes at the tip of a Mode I crack in materials governed by viscoelastic behavior and damage-induced Mullins effects. The study numerically evaluates the intrinsic dissipation characteristics of typical rubber-like materials, focusing on the influence of key factors such as Mullins damage, relaxation modulus, and relaxation time. The impact of these factors on material toughening is examined, with particular emphasis on their role in crack propagation. The results reveal that crack propagation velocity is highly sensitive to the interplay between energy dissipation mechanisms. Specifically, Mullins damage parameters are shown to increase fracture toughness by raising the local energy release rate threshold at the crack tip. Additionally, the relaxation modulus enhances viscous dissipation, further elevating this threshold and subsequently reducing crack propagation velocity. Interestingly, an inverse relationship between relaxation time and crack propagation velocity is observed. The study provides a detailed analysis of the dissipation mechanisms at the crack tip, offering valuable insights for improving material toughness.
A Rare Neck Lesion in Children: Bilateral Chondrocutaneous Branchial Remnant
Authors: Tığlı Tunç , Orhan Diclehan , Soyer Tutku
Published: November 2024

Cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnant is a rare congenital developmental anomaly typically located on the lateral neck. Histologically, it has the appearance of an accessory tragus demonstrating a central cartilaginous core with surrounding fibrosis located in the subcutaneous tissue. In order to address the clinical and therapeutic aspects of cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants in children, a 6-year-old boy who presents with bilateral hard cervical masses at the lower region of the neck is presented. Chondrocutaneous branchial remnant is a very rare cervical lesion in children, and surgical excision is the only choice of treatment. Cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnant has been associated with a variety of congenital anomalies, particularly involving the auditory, cardiovascular, and visual systems. Despite bilateral occurrence of cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnant, our patient had no cardiac or genitourinary anomalies.
The Value of Independence: Making the Connection Between Quality Journalism and Editorial Control in Rwanda
Authors: McIntyre Karen , Abdenour Jesse
Published: November 2024

This study evaluates which type of news outlets—independent or government aligned—produce higher quality stories in the East African country of Rwanda. A number of quality indicators are discussed in context, and hypotheses are proposed based largely on Scott, Gobetz, and Chanslor’s (2008) investment model. The data come from a global project —the Journalistic Role Performance Project— and specifically from a content analysis of 2,644 news stories published by Rwandan media in 2020. Findings reveal that independent news outlets outperform government-aligned outlets on the majority of quality indicators included in the study, especially in regard to story sourcing.
Molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury Investigated via bioinformatics analysis and animal experiments
Authors: Wen Haiming , Liu Jun , Wang Chaona , Yan Shu , Li Zhaoyu , Lan Wei , Liu Hongtao , Ming Shaopeng
Published: November 2024

Kidney transplantation is a pivotal treatment for end-stage renal disease. However, renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) during surgery significantly impacts graft function. Despite unclear molecular mechanisms, no specific therapies or preventative measures are available. Gene expression profiles from renal biopsies before and after IRI were downloaded from public databases. Differentially expressed genes were identified using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Ferroptosis-associated genes were screened using the FerrDb database. The genes with the highest connectivity were identified via the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and upstream regulatory miRNAs were found through the gene-miRNA network. A mouse renal IRI model was constructed for transcriptome sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validation to elucidate the relationship between key ferroptosis genes and regulatory miRNAs in renal IRI. Differential analysis identified 15 ferroptosis-associated genes ( TNFAIP3, IL6, KLF2, EGR1, JUN, ZFP36, GDF15, CDKN1A, HSPB1, BRD2, PDK4, DUSP1, SLC2A3, DDIT3, and CXCL2) involved in renal IRI regulation. In animal experiments, ferroptosis-related genes were also upregulated in the model group. Enrichment analysis and hematoxylin-eosin pathological staining suggested these genes are primarily involved in renal inflammatory responses. PPI network analysis revealed IL6 as the gene with the highest connectivity, and the gene-miRNA network indicated IL6 might be regulated by miR-let-7a. Animal experiments revealed decreased miR-let-7a and increased IL6 levels in the model group, identifying potential therapeutic targets. MiR-let-7a regulates ferroptosis in renal IRI by targeting IL6, highlighting IL6 as a crucial gene in the ferroptosis process of renal IRI.
Management of COVID-19 in the community using virtual care: An Australian perspective
Authors: Yang Phillip F , Errington Belinda R , Bartyn Jenna , Liu Rong , Bein Kendall J , Hutchings Owen R , Davis Rebecca A
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Virtual care and remote monitoring were widely used during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, early evaluations of effectiveness were often inconclusive due to low rates of enrolment and limited data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual care in managing individuals in community-based self-isolation and quarantine in Australia during this pandemic.

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted of individuals admitted to a virtual hospital in Sydney who either tested positive for COVID-19 and required self-isolation, or tested negative but still needed to self-isolate, amidst the Delta wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Outcome measures included health service utilisation, in-hospital mortality, patient-reported experience measures (PREM), and cost savings resulting from avoided emergency department (ED) presentations.

Results

Out of 9571 individuals admitted, 8544 (89.3%) had COVID-19. Clinical deterioration or acute illness occurred in 2477 (25.9%) individuals, of whom 890 (9.3%) were referred to ED for further assessment or investigation, and 614 (6.4%) were admitted for inpatient treatment. Overall mortality was 0.2%. Out of 1020 individuals who completed the PREM survey, 846 (82.9%) rated the overall virtual care experience as ‘good’ or ‘very good’. Avoided ED presentations possibly resulted in cost savings estimated between AU$691,214 and AU$2,994,540.

Conclusion

Virtual care was successfully used to manage a large number of individuals in community-based self-isolation and quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic. Scalable pathways for triage, monitoring and clinical escalation via telehealth ensured patient safety and acceptability, and alleviated strain on the broader health system.