bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potato Trading Based on Structure Conduct Performance (SCP) in the Centre of Vegetable Production at Central Java Indonesia
Authors: - Pujiharto , Wahyuni Sri
Published: March 2020

This study aims to examine potato trading based on Structure, Conduct, Performance (SCP) in the highland vegetable production centers of Central Java Province. Potato trading in highland vegetable production centers in Central Java province has been analyzed using Structure, Conduct, and Performance (SCP) techniques. The data was collected through a survey and observation. The market structure was analyzed by market share, the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and the Concentration Ratio for Biggest Four (CR4). Analysis of market behavior includes the presence or absence of collusive practices in determining prices, the process of selling and buying, the formation of equilibrium prices, payment systems (cash, credit), and cooperation with other trading institutions. While market performance is analyzed by marketing margins and farmer's share. The samples of potato farmers were determined by the random sampling method and the traders determined by the snowball sampling method. The number of samples used was 82 potato farmers, 45 collecting traders, 10 wholesaling traders, and 14 retailing traders. The results of market structure research on potato trading are oligopsonies. Price behavior at farmers (producer) level is more controlled by collectors who deal directly with farmers. Wholesalers dominate purchases from collectors, the payments are made in cash or paid later. Moreover, the collusive practice between collectors and wholesalers occurs, especially in the provision of capital or credit. Furthermore, the performance of the potato market based on the trading system margin is greatest in pattern 2, while the farmer’s share is greatest in pattern 1 in the potato trading system.
National Lottery—You Can Win As Well: A Metaphor Study on Disabled Athletes
Authors: Yilmaz Atike , Yetim Gozde
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study is to determine the metaphoric perceptions of physically disabled and hearing impaired athletes concerning their branches and concepts about these branches. In this context, the sample of the study was comprised of 20 physically disabled and hearing impaired athletes playing in the basketball and football teams in Muş province. In the form that was prepared for data collection, the participants were asked to answer certain statements such as “Basketball/football is like … Because, …”, “Field/court is like … Because, …”, “Basketball/football (the ball) is like … Because, …”, “Playing basketball/football is like … Because, …”, etc. The obtained data were transferred to the SPSS program, and frequency and percentage analyses were conducted. As the conclusion, it was determined that the sports branches of physically disabled and hearing impaired athletes were the focal points of their lives, and they perceived them as the requirements for their lives. In this respect, it is considered that the results of this study are significant since it suggests encouraging disabled individuals to sports, helping them participate in sports, providing support, and promoting the disabled sports.
Rethinking Social Norms Through Performance Art
Authors: Winter Isabel Elisabeth
Published: March 2020

A student essay for the Special Student Issue of the Journal of Extreme Anthropology accompanying the art exhibition 'Artist's Waste, Wasted Artists', which opened in Vienna on the 19th of September 2017 and was curated by the students of social anthropology at the University of Vienna. This essay focuses on the role of performance art in challenging established social norms and the work of the Austrian artist Michael René Sell.
‘We’re Gonna Be Addressing Your Pepsi Use’
Authors: Frank David
Published: March 2020

Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) in the United States has recently adopted an approach based on the principles of the Recovery movement — a view of treatment informed by addiction-as-disease models but also incorporating social, psychological, and spiritual components. Although organizations that administer drug treatment services claim that the shift represents a more client-centered, individualistic approach, it may not meet the needs of the many individuals who use MMT to reduce the harms of drug use, like overdose, rather than as a way to become abstinent. In this article, I use interview data from treatment providers to argue against institutional claims of Recovery as an individualistic model. My research demonstrates how — despite the wide variety of treatment goals among people on MMT — the Recovery discourse positions and organizes treatment strictly as abstinence-based, self-help. Moreover, I show how the Recovery model serves as the justification for an expansion of clinics’ ability to surveil and intervene in aspects of people’s lives which had previously been seen as outside of MMT’s purview, including nutrition, public service, and spirituality. In conclusion, I argue that Recovery restricts MMT’s ability to reduce harms, like overdose, in the lives of people who use drugs, and recommend that MMT adopt a more open-ended, low-threshold approach to treatment.
Alienation and Lack of Trust
Authors: Havnes Ingrid Amalia , Skogheim Thea Steen
Published: March 2020

Anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use became illegal when the Norwegian Drug Act was amended in 2013, and AAS and other image- and performance-enhancing drugs were included in the politics and treatment of substance use. Few individuals with AAS-related health problems seek substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. This article aims to explore understandings of AAS dependence, barriers to treatment-seeking, and experiences of entering SUD treatment among a sample of men with AAS-related health problems struggling to cease AAS use. Seeking treatment for AAS-related health problems within SUD treatment services was described as alienating. First, because the participants experienced their struggle to quit using AAS to be different from being dependent upon psychoactive substances. They linked their struggles to symptoms of hormonal disturbance, need for a certain body size, and/or the sense of wellbeing provided by AAS and which enable them to function socially. Second, they experienced alienation because of their healthy identities, bodies and lifestyles, as opposed to how they viewed individuals with severe SUDs and emaciated bodies. A major barrier to treatment-seeking was participants’ lack of trust that SUD treatment providers had the knowledge and the means to provide treatment of their AAS-related health problems and struggle to quit AAS use. Experienced barriers towards seeking SUD treatment should be taken into account when planning, organizing and implementing health services for individuals with AAS-related health problems.
Reconstructing investigative journalism at emerging organisations
Authors: Konow-Lund Maria
Published: March 2020

While academic research has mainly focused on how legacy media organisations conduct their general news production work, fewer studies have focused on specialised practices such as investigative journalism in relation to innovation and technology. Scholars, however, have observed that news production is increasingly taking place outside the newsroom. In this context, the present article explores the ways in which emerging media organisations innovate and adapt practices of watchdog journalism within their staffs and facilities. Its case studies include a co-op that seeks to engage ordinary citizens in production; a collaborative data desk that aims to professionalise a variety of actors, including local journalists, citizen journalists, activists, hackers, developers and media organisers; and a global tech company that seeks to produce investigative journalism with national but also global resonance.
Strategic relationship management and civic information in an activist organization
Authors: Reile Wiebke
Published: March 2020

This study examines the organizational practices of CODEPINK: Women for Peace, a social activist organization, between January 1 and October 1, 2018 to understand the organization’s strategic data-driven practices during activist campaigns. The results provide important insights into the mechanisms a digital-grassroots organization takes to spread civic information to users for political participation. In a series of semi-structured interviews, analyzed with content-analysis, respondents indicated organizational practices that included the use of a non-partisan political customer relationship management (CRM) platform, social matching, and interest-based targeted emailing. CODEPINK uses these tools to help facilitate support for fundraising, direct marketing, and organizing campaigns. Understanding how social movement organizations use media innovations to support their action repertoires provides a better framework for understanding modern-day activist practices.
A new genus of Baetidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) from Southeast Asia
Authors: Kaltenbach Thomas , Garces Jhoana M. , Gattolliat Jean-Luc
Published: March 2020

A new genus of Baetidae is described from Southeast Asia, Procerobaetis gen. nov. It has a wide distribution reaching from Indonesia (Sumatra) to the Philippines. Two new species are described from Indonesia, P. leptobranchius gen. et sp. nov. and P. petersorum gen. et sp. nov., and one new species from the Philippines, P. freitagi gen. et sp. nov. Procerobaetis gen. nov. is characterized by having seven pairs of elongate, apically pointed gills. At least gills I and II are very slender with strongly extended points, which is unique in Baetidae. Similar gills were described from Leptophlebiidae. Procerobaetis gen. nov. is further characterized by having long, slender legs with extended, slender and slightly bent claws. The antennae posess remarkable spines at the outer, lateral margin, which are maximally developed on segments IX–XI of the flagellum. No spines are present on the posterior margins of abdominal tergites I–VI. COI sequences were obtained from all three of the new species. The genetic distances (Kimura 2-parameter) between these species are between 13% and 20%. Very limited genetic distances of 0% to 1% were found between specimens of the same species. The occurrence of two different species in the same area of Sumatra is discussed.
Surdez, educação e trabalho
Authors: Silva Valéria Simplício da , Bordas Miguel Angel Garcia
Published: March 2020

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar um panorama do estado da arte das produções acadêmicas, cuja temática relaciona a formação educacional dos surdos e sua atuação no mercado de trabalho, com a finalidade é obter um aprofundamento no processo investigativo da pesquisa de campo, que faz parte de uma pesquisa de Doutoramento, intitulada O surdo, a educação e o trabalho: uma análise dessa tríade no mercado de trabalho em Aracaju/Se. Para a realização da coleta de dados foi consultado o Banco de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). O período da busca foi demarcado, inicialmente, pelo último ano em que estavam disponíveis as informações no Banco de Teses, ou seja, 2018, e retrocedendo-se cinco anos, temos como corte inicial o ano de 2014. No entanto, tendo identificado apenas uma produção relacionada a esta temática, foi realizada outra busca, de forma geral, sem delimitar período, com o intuito de obter um número maior de trabalhos publicados. Para a organização dos dados coletados e a fim de analisar o corpus encontrado, foram definidas duas categorias de análise: (i) tipos de pesquisa, e (ii) abordagem teórica. A sistematização dos dados foi feita a partir de quadros por considerar-se que os dados neles apresentados consolidam uma análise quantitativa e descritiva. A pesquisa em questão nos permite conhecer a não evolução das produções que relacionam surdez, educação e trabalho, pois a caracterização das produções aponta temas silenciados, evidenciando a necessidade de novas investigações na área.
Educação inclusiva no Ensino de Química: uma análise em periódicos nacionais
Authors: Santos Patrícia Maria de Moura , Nunes Pedro Henrique Pyrrho , Weber Karen Cacilda , Gabriel Claudio Lima Junior
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo apresenta os resultados de uma revisão bibliográfica da literatura online dos artigos publicados sobre a temática Educação Inclusiva em Ciências/Química em seis periódicos nacionais voltados para o Ensino de Ciências/Química. O acervo digital consultado totalizou 2.031 artigos publicados, no recorte temporal de 2006 a 2016. Foram encontradas apenas 24 publicações relacionadas ao tema nos últimos dez anos. A seleção inicial dos artigos foi realizada a partir da leitura dos títulos e resumos de cada exemplar e volume publicado, incluindo edições especiais. As 24 publicações que se enquadram na temática foram lidas na íntegra, sendo qualificadas, quantificadas e agrupadas em tabelas e gráficos percentuais, a fim de identificar a periodicidade das publicações, levando em consideração a quantidade de artigos ao longo dos anos, a localização das instituições de origem dos autores, o nível de ensino, o enfoque temático e os tipos de deficiências consideradas. Por meio de uma abordagem quanti-qualitativa, verificamos: (i) baixo crescimento na taxa anual de publicações; (ii) concentração de publicações na região centro-oeste do Brasil; (iii) predominância de estudantes do ensino superior como sujeitos de pesquisa; (iv) a formação de professores como enfoque temático majoritário e (v) predominância de estudos sobre deficiência visual em detrimento de outros tipos. O panorama delineado revela a necessidade de uma ampliação na proposição e divulgação de atividades e materiais didáticos que auxiliem os professores em todos os níveis de ensino a lidarem com as demandas que se apresentam no âmbito da educação inclusiva.
Panorama da formação em psicologia para transtorno do espectro do autismo em Minas Gerais
Authors: Silva Jardel Sander da , Batista Cassia Beatriz , Nogueira Maria Luísa Magalhães , Eustáquio Jade Chartone , Carvalho Nicole Oliveira
Published: March 2020

Segundo os dados do relatório norteamericano (CDC, 2013) a prevalência do Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo/TEA é de 1 para 68, tratando-se, portanto, de questão emergente em saúde pública. O presente texto teve como objetivo desenvolver um panorama atual da formação de psicólogos quanto ao TEA. Para isso, analisamos os currículos de cursos de psicologia do estado de Minas Gerais/Brasil. Os documentos examinados foram coletados via e-mail, sites institucionais e redes sociais em 2016. As disciplinas analisadas foram agrupadas em cinco grandes áreas da psicologia: educação e educação inclusiva, desenvolvimento humano, avaliação psicológica, psicopatologia e análise comportamental. De um total de 44 instituições que disponibilizaram suas matrizes curriculares para a pesquisa, foram apontadas 530 disciplinas com potencial para abordagem da temática. Como conclusão, o estudo oferece elementos que ratificam a fragilidade presente na formação em psicologia em relação ao autismo, assunto de demanda crescente na conjuntura social e de saúde brasileira.
Acción tutorial y tecnología: propuesta formativa en educación primaria
Authors: López Mayor Cristian , Cascales Martinez Antonia
Published: March 2020

La mayoría de los menores de edad hace uso diario de las tecnologías, por lo que abordar las competencias digitales desde la acción tutorial a través de la función orientadora de todos los docentes es fundamental. El objetivo es describir el conocimiento inicial de los docentes sobre el plan de acción tutorial, temáticas y las competencias digitales en acción tutorial. Para ello se ha diseñado e implementado una acción formativaad hocde forma telemática, en acción tutorial y tecnologías. Siendo la muestra 26 tutores de Educación Infantil y Primaria. Para la recogida de datos se diseñaron dos cuestionarios y una encuesta de satisfacción. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que el profesorado muestra una actitud favorable hacia las competencias digitales y su inclusión en la acción tutorial, destacando que la actividad formativa mejoró la competencia tecnológicade los docentes participantes dentro de la acción tutorial.

The vast majority of under-age people use technology daily. We believe that it is essential to work on these topics and mastering digital competences in tutorial actions through the guiding function of all teachers. The current investigation describes the initial knowledge of teachers on topics related to the tutorial action plan and the digital competences in tutorial action. The study sample was 26 participants of pre-school and primary education teachers. The tools used to collect information were two questionnaires and a Satisfaction Survey. The results of the analysis show that there is a favourable attitude towards digital competences and their inclusion in the tutorial action, this training course led to a slight improvement in the competences in technology and tutorial action.
Desde la implicación en el hogar de las familias a la facilitación de los docentes en un contexto multicultural
Authors: Gomariz Vicente María Ángeles , Martínez-Segura María José , Martínez Joaquín Parra
Published: March 2020

Familia y escuela deben permanecer unidas en la responsabilidad compartida de educar a niños y jóvenes. Desde este trabajo, nos planteamos conocer cuál es la implicación de las familias en la educación escolar desde el hogar, y en qué medida los docentes propician esta implicación. El estudio forma parte de una investigación (evaluativa y colaborativa) más amplia, con participación de 3506 familias y 225 docentes, de las etapas de Educación Infantil, Primaria y ESO, en un contexto socio cultural en el que prima la multiculturalidad. La información se ha obtenido a partir de cuestionarios (uno destinado a las familias y otro a los docentes), creados ad hoc, que contaban con siete dimensiones, de las cuales aquí sólo utilizamos los 14 ítems de la dimensión “Implicación de las familias en la educación escolar desde el hogar”. Dichos instrumentos de recogida de información tuvieron en cuenta las necesidades idiomáticas de las familias (español, árabe e inglés) y de los docentes (español). La fiabilidad de los instrumentos fue alta (Alfa de Cronbach de 0,876 y 0,982). El análisis de resultados pone de manifiesto que las familias valoran muy positivamente su implicación desde el hogar y, al mismo tiempo, matizados siempre por el propio contexto multicultural, los docentes se muestran facilitadores de la mencionada implicación. Se destaca la afición por la lectura y la promoción de actividades culturales como las acciones mejorables.

Family and school must stand together in the shared responsibility of educating children and young people. From this work, we ask to know what is the involvement of families in education from home, and what teachers promote this involvement. The study, is part of a broader research (evaluative and collaborative), with the participation of 3506 families and 225 teachers have participated, of the Educational stages of Preschool, Primary and Secondary, in a multicultural context. The information was obtained from questionnaires (one for families and one to teachers), created ad hoc, with seven dimensions, and here only use 14 items in the dimension "Family involvement in education from home”. These instruments for collecting information were considered the language needs of families (Spanish, Arabic and English) and teachers (Spanish). The reliability of the instruments was high (Cronbach's alpha of 0.876 and 0.982). The analysis of results shows that families valued very positively its involvement from the home and, at the same time, teachers are facilitators of mentioned involvement. It highlights the hobby of reading and the promotion of cultural activities such as improved actions.
The concept of time and space in light of reflective activity of human brain
Authors: Popov Nikolai Andreevich
Published: March 2020

The subject of this research is defined by the following question: what allows a person to differentiate time phenomenon from all other; is inconsistency of materialistic world alone enough for encountering the time phenomenon; what are the sources of inseparable link between time with action and space; what is duration and how it differs from time; what is the substantiation for all properties assigned to time; what is the nature of qualities attributed to space? The author proposes an original approach towards solution of the problem of time: before speaking of one or another nature of time, it should be clearly realized which phenomenon is in question, what is the distinctive feature allowing its identification, and what are the form, way and conditions of its manifestation. The article determines an inseparable link of the time phenomenon with the function that people unconsciously assign in the course of their practical activity to sequence of occurrences, formed by the shift in current states of rotation of the Earth. Active role of brain of the subject in “organization” of time phenomenon is revealed alongside. The affiliation of the concept of time to the range of concept-statuses alongside general specificity of the objective concept of such concepts are determined. The conclusion is made that there was a time when time did not exist. The author provides definitions to the fundamental time concepts based on the revealed objective content of these concepts. The fact is stated on the emergence of a completely new concept of time that gives the key to unraveling all of its mysteries.  
Effects of auxin derivatives on phenotypic plasticity and stress tolerance in five species of the green algaDesmodesmus(Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Lin Wei-Jiun , Ho Han-Chen , Chu Sheng-Chang , Chou Jui-Yu
Published: March 2020

Green microalgae of the genusDesmodesmusare characterized by a high degree of phenotypic plasticity (i.e. colony morphology), allowing them to be truly cosmopolitan and withstand environmental fluctuations. This flexibility enablesDesmodesmusto produce a phenotype–environment match across a range of environments broader compared to algae with more fixed phenotypes. Indoles and their derivatives are a well-known crucial class of heterocyclic compounds and are widespread in different species of plants, animals, and microorganisms. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the most common, naturally occurring plant hormone of the auxin class. IAA may behave as a signaling molecule in microorganisms, and the physiological cues of IAA may also trigger phenotypic plasticity responses inDesmodesmus. In this study, we demonstrated that the changes in colonial morphs (cells per coenobium) of five species of the green algaDesmodesmuswere specific to IAA but not to the chemically more stable synthetic auxins, naphthalene-1-acetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Moreover, inhibitors of auxin biosynthesis and polar auxin transport inhibited cell division. Notably, different algal species (even different intraspecific strains) exhibited phenotypic plasticity different to that correlated to IAA. Thus, the plasticity involving individual-level heterogeneity in morphological characteristics may be crucial for microalgae to adapt to changing or novel conditions, and IAA treatment potentially increases the tolerance ofDesmodesmusalgae to several stress conditions. In summary, our results provide circumstantial evidence for the hypothesized role of IAA as a diffusible signal in the communication between the microalga and microorganisms. This information is crucial for elucidation of the role of plant hormones in plankton ecology.
Conjuring cognition: a review of educational magic-based interventions
Authors: Wiseman Richard , Watt Caroline
Published: March 2020

For hundreds of years, magic tricks have been employed within a variety of pedagogic contexts, including promoting science and mathematics, delivering educational messaging, enhancing scepticism about the paranormal, and boosting creative thinking for product design. This review examines this diverse body of work, focusing on studies that have assessed the impact of such interventions. Although the studies tended to yield positive outcomes, much of the work suffered from methodological shortcomings, including measuring the impact of interventions over a relatively short period of time, focusing on self-report measures and failing to employ control groups. The paper makes several recommendations for future study in the area, including assessing the longer-term impact of magic-based interventions, comparing these interventions to other types of pedagogic techniques, focussing on knowledge retention and behavioural outcomes, and collaborating with magicians to develop more impactful interventions.
LncRNA EGOT decreases breast cancer cell viability and migration via inactivation of the Hedgehog pathway
Authors: Qiu Shuang , Chen Guobing , Peng Juan , Liu Jia , Chen Jumin , Wang Jianjun , Li Li , Yang Kunxian
Published: March 2020

The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Eosinophil Granule Ontogeny Transcript (EGOT) has been reported to inhibit the proliferation and migration of glioma cells, and promote the development and progression of gastric cancer through the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. This study was conducted to assess the role of EGOT in the progression of breast cancer. We observed that EGOT is significantly down‐regulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines, and EGOT expression is negatively correlated with the Ki67 expression. Overexpression of EGOT in BT549 cells decreased cell viability and migration. In addition, overexpression of EGOT resulted in decreases in expression of key genes in the Hh pathway, including Gli1, smoothened protein, protein patched homolog 1 and Hedgehog‐interacting protein (HHIP). Breast cancer tissues exhibited an increase in Gli1 expressions. Altered expression of Gli1, smoothened protein, protein patched homolog 1 and HHIP caused by EGOT overexpression were fully restored in cells transfected with plasmid complementory DNA (pcDNA) EGOT and treated with purmorphamine, an agonist of the Hh pathway. Cell viability and migration were also restored by purmorphamine. We conclude that lncRNA EGOT may inhibit breast cancer cell viability and migration via inactivation of the Hh pathway.
Facet‐level analysis of the relations between personality and laboratory aggression
Authors: Hyatt Courtland S. , Chester David S. , Zeichner Amos , Miller Joshua D.
Published: March 2020

Multiple reviews and meta‐analyses have identified the low pole of the Five‐Factor Model (FFM) Agreeableness (also called Antagonism) as the primary domain‐level personality correlates of aggression across self‐report and behavioral methodologies. In the current study, we expand on this literature by investigating the relations between FFM facets and aggressive behavior as measured by laboratory competitive reaction time tasks (CRTTs). Across three samples (total N = 639), we conducted weighted mean analyses, multiple regression analyses, and dominance analyses to determine which FFM facets were the strongest predictors of aggression within and across domains. These analyses suggested that facets of Agreeableness were among the strongest consistent predictors of CRTT aggression, including Sympathy (r = −.21) and Cooperation (r = −.14), but facets from other FFM domains also yielded meaningful relations (e.g., Anger from Neuroticism; r = .17). We conclude by discussing these results in the context of controversies surrounding laboratory aggression paradigms and emphasizing the importance of considering small effect sizes in the prediction of societally harmful behavior like aggression.
Internalizing problems and their impact on the relation between callous‐unemotional traits, narcissism, and aggression
Authors: Lee‐Rowland Lauren M. , Lui Joyce H. L. , Bortfeld Devon , Barry Christopher T. , Reiter Shari
Published: March 2020

Narcissism and callous‐unemotional (CU) traits have demonstrated relations with youth aggression across studies. However, different forms of narcissism and internalizing problems may exacerbate the relation between CU traits and aggression. To that end, the current study examined the degree to which interactions among internalizing problems, CU traits, and dimensions of narcissism related to aggression in a sample of 219 adolescents (83.1% males), ages 16–19, enrolled in a military‐style residential program. Consistent with previous research, psychopathy‐linked narcissism significantly moderated the relation between CU traits and aggression. Addtionally, self‐reported aggression was highest among adolescents who endorsed high levels of CU traits, psychopathy‐linked narcissism, and internalizing problems. The same pattern of results was not evident for other forms of narcissism. These results suggest that internalizing problems further increase the probability of aggression among adolescents with psychopathic tendencies (i.e., CU traits, psychopathy‐linked narcissism). Further implications are discussed.
Vitamin D concentration and focal brain atrophy in older adults: a voxel‐based morphometric study
Authors: Ali Pauline , Labriffe Matthieu , Navasiolava Nastassia , Custaud Marc‐Antoine , Dinomais Mickaël , Annweiler Cédric ,   the SAM group
Published: March 2020

Vitamin D is involved in brain health and function. Our objective was to determine whether lower 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration was associated with focal brain volume reduction in older adults. Serum 25OHD concentration was measured among 53 older adults (72 ± 5 years; 38% female; mean 25OHD = 67.3 ± 20.8 nmol/L). Gray matter volume (GMV) was automatically segmented using voxel‐based morphometry with CAT12 software. Covariables were age, gender, education, total intracranial volume, and season. Serum 25OHD was positively associated with GMV in left calcarine sulcus (P < 0.05, TFCE, FWE‐corrected). We found atrophy of the calcarine sulcus with lower 25OHD concentrations in older adults.
Tunable Room‐Temperature Synthesis of ReS2 Bicatalyst on 3D‐ and 2D‐Printed Electrodes for Photo‐ and Electrochemical Energy Applications
Authors: Ng Siowwoon , Iffelsberger Christian , Sofer Zdenek , Pumera Martin
Published: March 2020

The advancement in 3D‐printing technologies conveniently offers boundless opportunities for the customization of a practical substrate or electrode for diverse functionalities. ReS2 is an attractive transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD), showing strong photoelectrochemical activities. Two advanced systems are merged for the next step in electrochemistry—the limits of the prevailing synthesis techniques of TMDs operating at high temperature or low pressure, which are not compatible with 3D‐printed polymer electrodes that can withstand only comparatively low temperatures, are overcome. A unique NH4ReS4 precursor is separately prepared to conduct subsequent ReS2 electrodeposition at room temperature on 3D‐printed carbon and 2D‐printed carbon electrodes. The deposited ReS2 is investigated as a dual‐functional electro‐ and photocatalyst in hydrogen evolution reaction and photoelectrochemical oxidation of water. Moreover, the electrodeposition conditions can be adjusted to optimize the catalytic activities. These encouraging outcomes demonstrate the simplicity yet versatility of TMDs based on electrodeposition technique on a rationally designed conductive platform, which creates numerous possibilities for other TMDs and on other low‐temperature substrates for electrochemical energy devices.
A Facile Fabrication and Transfer Method of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes on a Mo/Ni Bilayer for Wearable Energy Devices
Authors: Lim Chanhyuk , Shin Yoonsoo , Hong Seungki , Lee Sangkyu , Kim Dae‐Hyeong
Published: March 2020

Carbon nanotubes are a promising material for flexible/wearable electrochemical device due to their mechanical softness, chemical stability, and high conductivity. Furthermore, the vertically aligned form of carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) have a large surface area due to their unique three‐dimensional (3D) nanostructure. Thus, VACNTs are particularly useful for wearable electrochemical sensors and/or energy devices. However, VACNTs are generally grown via a high‐temperature chemical vapor deposition process, which requires a rigid substrate. As a flexible/wearable device platform, therefore, VACNTs should be transferred from rigid substrates to soft substrates. Here, a facile fabrication and transfer method of a unique 3D nanostructure, that is, VACNTs on the Mo/Ni bilayer, for high performance flexible/wearable devices is reported. After growth of VACNTs on a Mo/Ni bilayer, VACNTs with the Mo/Ni bilayer can be easily peeled‐off from the SiO2 wafer by using weak adhesion of Ni to SiO2 for transfer printing onto polymeric/elastomeric substrates. Moreover, the Mo layer helps facile growth of VACNTs, and the Mo/Ni bilayer underneath VACNTs maximizes the lateral current flow. The proposed 3D nanostructure (VACNTs on the Mo/Ni bilayer) is successfully applied as flexible electrodes for high‐performance wearable asymmetric supercapacitors.
Minute‐Scale Rapid Crystallization of a Highly Dichroic 2D Hybrid Perovskite Crystal toward Efficient Polarization‐Sensitive Photodetector
Authors: Li Maofan , Han Shiguo , Teng Bing , Li Yaobin , Liu Yi , Liu Xitao , Luo Junhua , Hong Maochun , Sun Zhihua
Published: March 2020

2D hybrid perovskites demonstrate better performances than 3D counterparts in certain optoelectronic devices, whereas their natural attributes cannot be extracted from microcrystalline films, such as the natural dichroism for polarized light detection. Herein, for the first time, unusual minute‐scale rapid crystallization is developed to grow bulk crystals of 2D hybrid perovskite, (FPEA)2PbI4 (1, FPEA is p‐fluorophenethylammonium), which enables superior carrier transport property (≈64.1 ns) and low trap density (≈1010 cm−3). The rapid growth rate of 27.3 mm3 h−1 is almost two orders of magnitude higher than for other 2D counterparts. Strikingly, its natural quantum‐confined motif results in extraordinary dichroism with optical absorption ratio αc/αa ≈ 2.05, revealing great promises for polarized light detection. Consequently, crystal‐based photodetectors exhibit large photocurrent dichroic ratio Imax/Imin ≈ 2.1, fast response time (400 µs), and high detectivity (1011 Jones) to the polarized light. This is the record‐fast crystallization of highly dichroic 2D hybrid perovskites, which opens a new prospect for their future optoelectronic device applications.
Decentralized Co‐Generation of Fresh Water and Electricity at Point of Consumption
Authors: Wang Wenbin , Aleid Sara , Wang Peng
Published: March 2020

Many in the community believe that additional anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere can push the Earth into a vicious cycle and down a path of no return. Consequently, solar energy must sit at the center of the water–energy–climate nexus as the world is shifting into a decarbonized and circular economy. Simultaneous production of electricity and fresh water by photovoltaic‐membrane distillation (PV‐MD), a newly developed technology, turns waste heat from solar PV panels into a power source to drive an efficient water distillation process. It produces fresh and clean potable‐quality water on‐site from various water sources with impaired quality, such as seawater, contaminated rivers, lakes, groundwater, and industrial wastewater. Due to the low barrier of entry, it is well suited to providing both electricity and fresh water in decentralized manner for point‐of‐consumption locations, especially off‐grid communities and communities with small‐ to medium‐sized populations even with challenging economic conditions. This essay highlights the potential of PV‐MD to supply decentralized water and electricity for regions suffering from both economic and physical water scarcity as well as its promise to contribute to agriculture in (semi)arid regions.
DAMAGE MODEL CALIBRATION FOR S275 AND S690 STEELS
Authors: Yang Fei , Veljkovic Milan
Published: March 2020

A calibration procedure for material damage models of S275 and S690 structural steels is proposed based on their full range engineering stress‐strain curves. Combined linear and power stress‐strain laws with a weighting factor are used to describe damaged stress‐strain relations after necking. Material damage models are proposed based on the estimation of undamaged stress. Tensile coupon tests on S275 and S690 steels are modelled in ABAQUS with the explicit solver. Results show that the numerical engineering stress‐strain curves based on the proposed damage models are very close to the experimental results. An investigation is made to establish the damage susceptibility for S275 and S690 steels.
Tuning Electron‐Withdrawing Strength on Phenothiazine Derivatives: Achieving 100 % Photoluminescence Quantum Yield by NO2Substitution
Authors: Chen Meng‐Chi , Lee Yao‐Lin , Huang Zhi‐Xuan , Chen Deng‐Gao , Chou Pi‐Tai
Published: March 2020

The weak fluorescence (quantum yield <1 % in cyclohexane) of phenothiazine (PTZ) impedes its further application. In addition, the nitro group (NO2) is a well‐known fluorescence quencher. Interestingly, we obtained a highly fluorescent chromophore by combining these two moieties, forming 3‐nitrophenothiazine (PTZ‐NO2). For comparison, a series ofPTZderivatives bearing electron‐withdrawing groups (EWGs; CN and CHO) or electron‐donating groups (EDGs; OMe) at the 3‐position have been designed and synthesized. The phenothiazines bearing EWGs exhibited enhanced emission compared with the parentPTZor EDG derivatives. Computational approaches unveiled that forPTZandPTZ‐OMe, the transitions are from HOMOs dominated by π orbitals to LUMOs of mixed sulfur nonbonding–π* orbitals, and hence are partially forbidden. In contrast, the EWGs lower the energy level of the lone‐pair electrons on the sulfur atom, thereby suppressing the mixing of the nonbonding orbital with the π* orbital in the LUMO, such that the allowed ππ* transition becomes dominant. This work thus demonstrates a judicious chemical design to fine‐tune the transition character inPTZanalogues, withPTZ‐NO2attaining 100 % emission quantum yields in nonpolar solvent.
Isolable Anionic, Neutral and Cationic Radicals from Reactions ofN,N′‐Dimesityldiamidocarbene and Lewis Acids
Authors: Andrews Ryan J. , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: March 2020

B(C6F5)3undergoes nucleophilic attack byN,N′‐dimesityldiamidocarbene (DAC) with fluoride transfer to the boron center, resulting in a new zwitterion (1). This B−F fluoride can be replaced or abstracted to give the corresponding hydride (2) or triflate (3) derivatives or the corresponding cation (4). These species are reduced with KC8or Cp2Co to give isolable anionic and neutral radicals (5–8). Similarly, the [Ph3C] cation undergoes nucleophilic attack by DAC resulting in the spontaneous formation of the radical cation (9).
Validation of signal propagation modeling for highly scalable simulations
Authors: Paciorek Mateusz , Bujas Jakub , Dworak Dawid , Turek Wojciech , Byrski Aleksander
Published: March 2020

Efficient information flow in the complex, often microscale simulation systems such as the social, artificial life, or traffic ones poses a significant challenge. It is difficult to implement a highly scalable system due to algorithmic problems, which significantly hamper the efficiency, especially in the case of maintaining a synchronized state in a parallelized, distributed environment. Our previous work presented a desynchronized method of information distribution in a simulation environment, inspired by the propagation of smell, and proved this method to be highly scalable. In this paper, we enhance and validate this method to ensure it does not invalidate the conclusions drawn from the simulation, enabling the development of efficient, scalable simulation systems. The prototype of the method presented here leverages the actor model for parallelization and cluster sharding mechanisms for cluster management, providing a comprehensive solution for large‐scale simulations, following realistic rules known from the nature. In order to validate the method of signal propagation modeling, three simulation models are created and tested. The validation is based on statistical analysis of metrics collected during the simulation execution. Statistical similarity of the results obtained from the distributed and nondistributed executions indicates that the distribution process does not impact the correctness of the simulation.
Pronounced Dependence of All‐Polymer Solar Cells Photovoltaic Performance on the Alkyl Substituent Patterns in Large Bandgap Polymer Donors
Authors: Chen Jiale , Huang Xuelong , Cao Zhixiong , Liu Shengjian , Liang Kexin , Liu Jinhai , Jiao Xuechen , Zhao Jiaji , Li Qingduan , Cai Yue‐Peng
Published: March 2020

For all‐polymer solar cells which are composed of polymer donors and polymer acceptors, the effect of alkyl side chains on photovoltaic performance is a matter of some debate, and this effect remains difficult to forecast. In this concise contribution, we demonstrate that three alkyls namely branched alkyl 2‐butyloctyl (2BO), long linear alkyl n‐dodecyl (C12), and double‐short linear alkyl n‐hexyls (DC6) incorporated into the side chains of large bandgap polymer donor PBDT‐TTz can induce considerable, of significance, and different electronic, optical, and morphological parameters. Systematic studies shed light on the critical role of the double‐short linear alkyl n‐hexyls (DC6) in (i) producing large ionization potential value, (ii) increasing propensity of the polymer to order along the π‐stacking direction, (iii) generating polymer crystallites with more preferential “face‐on” orientation, consequently, (iv) improvement of carriers transportation, (v) suppression of charge recombination, (vi) reduction of energy loss in all‐polymer devices. In parallel, we unearth that the PBDT‐TTz with double‐short linear alkyl n‐hexyls (DC6) represents the highest efficiency of 8.3 %, whereas, the other two PBDT‐TTz analogues (2BO, C12) yield efficiencies of less than 3 % in optimized all‐polymer solar cells. Though branched or long linear alkyl side chains (2BO, C12) have been applied to provide the solution processability of conjugated polymers, motifs bearing multiple short linear alkyl substituents (DC6) are proved critical to the development of high performing polymers.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens–Mediated Transformation of Three Milkweed Species (Asclepias hallii, A. syriaca, and A. tuberosa: Apocynaceae)
Authors: Keen Patricia , Hastings Amy Picard , Agrawal Anurag A. , Van Eck Joyce
Published: March 2020

Milkweeds have ecological significance for insect herbivores that rely on them as hosts for either part of or the entirety of their life cycles. Interesting interactions, some of which are not completely understood, have evolved over time. To develop these species as models to elucidate the interplay with insect herbivores, we established Agrobacterium tumefaciens–mediated transformation approaches for Asclepias hallii (Hall's milkweed), A. syriaca (common milkweed), and A. tuberosa (butterflyweed). The method is based on infection of stem internodal explants, which were more amenable to transformation than leaf explants. We found that addition of freshly prepared dithiothreitol was critical to prevent browning of stem explants. Depending on the species, the time from infection to the regeneration of transgenic lines ranges from 2 to 4 months. Transformation efficiency for A. hallii was 9%, whereas efficiencies for A. syriaca and A. tuberosa were 6% and 13%, respectively. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Basic Protocol 1: Agrobacterium tumefaciens–mediated transformation of Asclepias internodal stem explants

Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of Agrobacterium glycerol stocks containing gene constructs
Evaluating herbicide tolerance of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)
Authors: Flessner Michael L. , Bryd Jabari , Bamber Kevin W. , Fike John H.
Published: March 2020

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has a wide array of end uses which, when coupled with regulatory reductions in the United States, has spurred renewed interest in its production. Best management practices, including weed control, need to be evaluated. Since little is known about herbicide tolerance of hemp, studies were conducted to identify suitable options for grain or dual‐purpose (fiber and grain) production. Greenhouse experiments with pre‐emergence and postemergence herbicides were conducted to identify herbicide choices for subsequent field trials. In field studies, S‐metolachlor was the safest pre‐emergence herbicide, resulting in 0 and ≤ 15% injury in 2017 and 2018, respectively, and a hemp stand count that was 97% of the nontreated check (pooled across years). All other pre‐emergence herbicides tested in the field resulted in ≥ 25% visible injury in at least one of the years and ≥ 24% stand reduction relative to the nontreated check (pooled across years). However, no grain yield differences were observed due to pre‐emergence herbicides relative to the nontreated check. Postemergence herbicides sethoxydim, quizalofop, bromoxynil, and clopyralid caused < 20% injury across rating timings and years and had similar grain yield as the nontreated check (588 kg ha−1). Our results indicate that S‐metolachlor applied pre‐emergence or sethoxydim, quizalofop, bromoxynil, and clopyralid applied postemergence are suitable for hemp production, but some of these treatments caused transient visible injury. Future research should be conducted to corroborate results across cultivars, soil types (for pre‐emergence herbicides), and environments.
Assessment of genetic diversity in Ziziphus jujube Mill. Cultivars derived from northern China using inter‐simple sequence repeat markers
Authors: Shen Jie , Sun Zhaoxia , Hou Siyu , Liu Ronghua , Wang Yuguo , Guo Pingyi
Published: March 2020

There are abundant germplasm resources for Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), particularly in northern China. This study intended to assess the relationships and genetic structure of 48 cultivars of jujube derived from seven geographical regions in northern China using inter‐simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Eight ISSR primers were selected for determining the genetic diversity of the 48 jujube cultivars, resulting in the amplification of 110 polymorphic bands. The average number of polymorphic bands for the ISSR primers was 13.8 and percentage of polymorphic bands was 86.8%. By analysis of the population genetic structure, the 48 cultivars were classified into two groups, with two homogeneous gene pools according to a Bayesian method. One group was comprised of cultivars from Central Shanxi, Shandong, Hebei, and Henan, while the other group included cultivars from southern Shanxi, Beijing, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Hebei, and Henan. Unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic means cluster analysis also indicated two groups with similarity coefficients ranging from .58–.93. In some subgroups, there was a correlation between the genetic relationships among cultivars and their origins, but no relationship between genetic relatedness and cultivar uses. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that 88% of the genetic variation was attributable to variation within populations. Our results provide a considerable amount of polymorphism data in 48 Chinese jujube cultivars, which may serve as a good foundation for further analysis of the correlations between phenotypic and genetic data in Chinese jujube.
Two‐Step 3 D‐Printing Approach toward Sustainable, Repairable, Fluorescent Shape‐Memory Thermosets Derived from Cellulose and Rosin
Authors: Lu Chuanwei , Wang Chunpeng , Yu Juan , Wang Jifu , Chu Fuxiang
Published: March 2020

Invited for this month′s cover is the group of Jifu Wang at Biomass‐derived Photopolymer Materials, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF. The image shows the application of cellulose and rosin to fabricate a class of renewable, repairable, fluorescent, and shape‐memory thermosets by a two‐step 3 D‐printing approach. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201902191.