bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sarı kantaron (Hypericum perforatum L.) uçucu bileşenlerinin yükseltiye bağlı değişimi
Authors: Tekeş Ayşegül , Göksu Karagöz Sermin , Demir Oktay , Oğuzoğlu Şükran , Öğüt Nazlı , Arslan Münevver , Gülsoy Serkan
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmada Afyonkarahisar ili Sultandağı Yöresinde üç farklı yükselti grubu ve 7 örnek alandan Hypericum perforatum L.’nin çiçek ve yapraklarının uçucu yağ bileşenleri analiz edilmiştir. Analizler HS-SPME (Tepe Boşluğu – Katı Faz Mikro Ekstraksiyon) yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, çiçeklerde 113, yapraklarda ise 122 bileşen tespit edilmiştir. Çiçeklerden elde edilen bileşenlerin 72’si tüm yükselti gruplarında ortak bulunurken, 18’i tek bir yükselti grubundadır. Çiçeklerdeki bileşen sayıları alt yükselti grubunda 100, orta yükselti grubunda 93, üst yükselti grubunda ise 87 adettir. Yapraklarda ise 122 bileşen belirlenmiştir. Bunlardan 73’ü tüm yükselti gruplarında ortak iken, 18’i tek bir yükselti grubundadır. Yapraklardaki bileşenlerin 106’sı alt, 90’ı orta, 103’ü ise üst yükselti grubunda saptanmıştır. Çiçeklerde yükselti arttıkça bileşen sayısında azalma görülmüştür. Yapraklarda ise yükseltiye bağlı doğrusal bir artış söz konusu olmamıştır. En yüksek orana sahip ana bileşenler; çiçeklerde -pinene, 5-methyl-undecane ve trans-caryophyllene, yapraklarda ise 2- methyl-octane, carvacrol ve acetic acid bileşenleri olmuştur. Yükselti gruplarına göre çiçek ve yaprakların uçucu yağlarının ana bileşenlerin de benzerlik görülürken, değişim genel olarak diğer bileşenlerdedir. Bitki uçucu yağ bileşenlerinin kompozisyonu ve oranlarındaki bu değişkenliğin, yükseltiye bağlı değişen iklim koşulları ve bunların bileşkesinde şekillenen bitki fenolojik durumuna önemli ölçüde bağlı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Volume equations for Scots pine trees in Kastamonu region
Authors: Zaifoğlu Dilara Nur , Sağlam Fadime
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study is to develop tree volume equations for Scots pine trees in the Kastamonu region and to compare the prediction capability of these equations with existing tree volume equations. For this purpose, stump diameter, diameter at breast height, diameters in each meter up to the top of the tree, and tree height measurements were measured on 127 sample trees from the Kastamonu Forest Enterprise in the Kastamonu Regional Directorate of Forestry. Subsequently, tree volumes were calculated based on these measurements and using the sectional method. This method entailed volumizing the trees in three sections: the stump section, the top section and the one-meter sections between the stump and the top sections. To develop single- and double-entry tree volume equations, the parameters of eight volume equations were estimated. Four statistical criteria were employed to identify the best predictive models. The coefficients of determination for the best predictive single- and double-entry models were found to be 0.972 and 0.975, respectively. Additionally, the results of these models were compared with the volume predictions derived from four models presented in the literature. The results of this study will enhance the accuracy of tree volume estimation for Scots pine stands in the Kastamonu region.
Examination of wastewater generated in wood drying kilns
Authors: Tepedelen Muhammed Enes , Özkan Uğur , Şahin Halil Turgut
Published: December 2024

In this study, the physical treatment of wastewater obtained during the kiln drying of Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) wood in a timber processing plant in Isparta was investigated by centrifugation technique. The wastewater samples were centrifuged at 1000 rpm (constant speed) for 2 to 10 minutes of duration, and some selected wastewater evaluation parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), suspended solids (SS), dissolved oxygen (DO), and turbidity (NTU) were analyzed. Also, the data obtained were statistically analyzed at 95% confidence level. When significant differences were identified, Duncan's multiple range test was applied to evaluate the homogeneity of mean values across the groups. The results showed that centrifugation caused a significant reduction in turbidity and suspended solids. It was calculated for the turbidity, decreased from 31.49 NTU to 14.60 NTU, and the suspended solids content decreased by 71%, from 38 mg/L to 11 mg/L. However, no significant change was observed in pH, EC, and TDS values. Additionally, the color analysis of the water revealed that centrifugation had a measurable effect on the total color difference (ΔE). This study concludes that while centrifugation is effective in reducing physical pollution of waste waters, it causes not noticeable changes in the chemical composition, providing useful data for future similar wastewater treatment research.
Invasive pathogens impacting forest and urban trees in Türkiye
Authors: Woodward Stephen , Doğmuş Lehtijarvi Tuğba
Published: December 2024

Alien invasive pests and pathogens pose major threats to forest and ornamental trees throughout the world. The history of invasions is reviewed in the context of human migrations in the past, and the importance of modern globalization of trade – in the absence of highly stringent detection and control measures - emphasised as undoubtedly the most important cause of the recent upsurge in incursions of problematic pests and pathogens. Examples of invasive pathogens, including the causes of sweet chestnut canker, Dutch elm disease, dieback of Cupressus, Phytophthora root rots, boxwood blight, canker stain (wilt) of Platanus and Dothistroma needle blight of pines are detailed. Measures taken by states and trading blocks to reduce the probabilities of invasions occurring and manage those that have already occurred are discussed, along with approaches that could be utilized to improve the protocols used to address these problems in Türkiye.
Does The Greenhouse Adoption Improve Farmers’ Welfare? Evidence from Melon Farmers in Indonesia
Authors: Hanani AR Nuhfil , Rahman Moh Shadiqur , Toiba Hery , Dina Riana Fitria , Fahriyah Fahriyah , Ilyas Shaleh Mohammad , Wahyu Firdaus Mohammad , 'Ula Mahfudlotul , Retnoningsih Dwi , Widyawati Wiwit
Published: December 2024

Greenhouse technology presents a promising solution to the challenges of agricultural productivity and sustainability, particularly for small-scale farmers facing climate change, resource constraints, and unpredictable weather conditions. This study was the first attempt to investigate the impact of greenhouse adoption on farmers’ welfare which focused on household income per capita and food security status. The samples of this study were conducted 201 melon farmers in East Java, Indonesia. This study analyzed data to discern the effects of greenhouse adoption on farmers’ welfare by employing endogenous switching regression to address potential endogeneity issues. The analysis revealed that greenhouse adoption significantly and positively affected household income per capita and food security status. Through rigorous data analysis, this research had contributed valuable insights into the socio-economic implications of adopting greenhouses in agricultural practices. The results highlighted the role of greenhouses in boosting farmers’ resilience, improving livelihoods, and enhancing food security, providing a strong case for promoting greenhouse technology in rural agricultural practices.
Business Sustainability Analysis of the Social Forestry Program in West Sumatra Province
Authors: Rachmina Dwi , Herawati  , Feryanto  , Mahdi  , Wibowo Rulianda Purnomo , Azriani Zednita
Published: December 2024

The global community recognizes social forestry as a way to improve community welfare through sustainable forest programs. In Indonesia, this program aims to involve local communities in forest management, providing multiple benefits such as forest preservation, improved livelihoods, and poverty reduction. This study aims to analyze the sustainability of a social forestry program for both Community Forest (CF) and non-Community Forest (non-CF) schemes (Village Forests and Community Plantation Forests). The research was conducted in Sijunjung, Solok, Padang Pariaman Regencies, and Padang City, involving a sample of 33 CF participants and 65 non-CF participants selected through snowball sampling. The data were collected through direct interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) at provincial and regency levels. The business sustainability assessment utilized multidimensional indicators (MDS) across three dimensions: economic, social, and institutional and analyzed using Rap_MForest. The findings revealed that social forestry program had a moderate level of sustainability in all dimensions; however, the social dimension showed lower sustainability, owing to limited community participation and ineffective empowerment of non-group members. The sustainability index of CF scheme was higher than the non-CF (VF and CPF). The CF model emerged as the more adaptable and comprehensive approach, promoting both environmental conservation and socioeconomic development. Therefore, prioritizing the institutional strengthening of VF and CPF became crucial. In addition, enhancing the active role and involvement of group members in the social forestry program within the social dimension was also essential. To enhance sustainability, efforts should be focused on strengthening mentoring and counseling programs for social forestry groups involved in state forest and community plantation initiatives.
Mistreatment of women during gynecological care in health facilities in Guinea
Authors: Diallo Ramata , Balde Mamadou Dioulde , Kourouma Kabinet , Sidibe Tiany , Sall Alpha Oumar , Camara Sadan , Touré Madeleine , Diallo Aissatou , Keita Kaba Saran , Diallo Abdourahmane , Barry Fanta
Published: December 2024

Background: Many women are victims of violence in healthcare facilities around the world. This problem remains under analysed in gynecology departments in Guinea. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and identify the factors associated with the occurrence of client mistreatment in gynecology units.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 15 health facilities in five prefectures of the Republic of Guinea between January 20 and February 16, 2023. Women aged 18 to 49 who agreed to participate in the interview constituted the study population. A total of 276 clients were surveyed at the discharge from gynecological consultations and care. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the occurrence of mistreatment among gynecology clients, using Stata 16.0 software.
Results: Acts of mistreatment were frequent in gynecology departments, including several types, essentially physical violence (28%), verbal violence (25%) and especially neglect (40.6%). Factors associated with mistreatments included the number of children, the time of occurrence and age of the client. Having 2 or more children increases the risk of abuse. At the time of occurrence, risk of exposure to physical violence, verbal abuse and all types of mistreatments during surgery/postoperative care. Being between 25 and 29 reduces the risk of exposure to mistreatment, comparing to adolescents.
Conclusions: This study suggests training providers in respectful care and sensitizing them to the need to discontinue this practice in order to reduce mistreatment in gynecological care services in Guinea, while taking into account the factors highlighted by this study in order to provide clients with effective services and enable them to make better use of them.
Assessment of the effects of epidural labour analgesia on the second stage of labour
Authors: Khatun Marufa , Siddique Sharmina , Sultana Rawshan Ara , Yasmin Dilruba , Rahman Tamanna , Akter Asma
Published: December 2024

Background: The second stage of labour is very important when the actual delivery of the baby takes place. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of epidural labour analgesia on the second stage of labour.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, for one-year period from July 2021 to June 2022 after ethical approval. A total of 100 admitted pregnant women (37 weeks to 41 weeks) in labour ward were included in the study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among them 50 women were in group A (with epidural analgesia) and another 50 women were in group B (without epidural analgesia). A detailed history and thorough clinical examination were carried out in each patient. Data were collected in separate case-record form and analyzed by SPSS 24.
Results: Mean age, gestational age, parity were statistically similar in both Group A and Group B. Duration of second stage of labour (52.18±37.72 versus 46.2±31.42 minutes, p=0.499) in nulliparous and (34.65±21.17 versus 29.2±14.72 minutes, p=0.364) in multiparous women was comparable in the two groups. Besides, both Group A and Group B had statistically similar APGAR score at 1st (8.66±0.87 and 8.80±0.83 respectively, p=0.414) and 5th minute (9.66±0.68 and 9.74±0.59 respectively, p=0.537).
Conclusions: Epidural labour analgesia can be safely recommended as a method of pain relief during labour, provided the necessary conditions are met. It does not have a significant adverse effect on the duration of the second stage of labour.
The prevalence and complications of preeclampsia in Benue South, Nigeria
Authors: Ujah Otobo Innocent , Ochejele Silas , Onoja Michael Anthony , Irowa Omoregie , Ogwuche Paul Ejeh
Published: December 2024

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is the second leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. There is a lack of research describing the burden of preeclampsia and its associated morbidities in Benue South, Nigeria. This study aims to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and complications of preeclampsia among antenatal patients in Benue South, Nigeria.
Methods: This health facility-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 238 antenatal patients in three general hospitals and one mission hospital across four local government areas in Benue South. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee of the Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo. Data were collected from patients' medical records and interviews using a pretested, structured online questionnaire via Kobo Collect. Data were uploaded into an excel spreadsheet, cleaned and analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.
Results: A total of 238 pregnant women participated in the study from the Benue South senatorial zone, of which 45 had preeclampsia, giving a prevalence rate of 18.9%. Headache (84.4%) was the most common complication associated with preeclampsia. No factors were found to be significantly associated with preeclampsia in the multiple regression analysis.
Conclusions: This study highlights the high prevalence of preeclampsia in Benue South. There is a need to train health workers on the prevention, identification, and management of preeclampsia to reduce the complications associated with the disease.
Association of serum ferritin with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shilpi Umme Salma , Zerin Ismat , Aktar Mossa Nupur , Smriti Marfoonnahar , Tahurun-Nesa  , Rahman Sanjana , Kundu Popy Rani
Published: December 2024

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder during pregnancy and is associated with increased maternal and neonatal morbidities. High serum ferritin levels have been linked to type 2 diabetes and GDM development in pregnant women. The present study was designed to evaluate the association of serum ferritin with GDM.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Dhaka Medical College from September 2020 and August 2021. Pregnant women in their second or third trimester diagnosed with GDM served as case, whereas non-diabetic pregnant women were selected as control. Serum ferritin levels were measured and compared between the groups.
Results: Mean serum ferritin levels were significantly higher in the GDM group (124.97±53.78 ng/ml) than in the control (83.50±25.73 ng/ml, p<0.05). Positive correlations were observed between serum ferritin and fasting glucose (r=0.643, p<0.05) and 2-hours after glucose intake (r=0.524, p<0.05) in GDM patients. The serum ferritin level was little bit high at 25 to 32 weeks gestational age. High level of serum ferritin was more in case (42.9%) compared with that of control (14.3%). These findings are statistically significant (p=0.004). Respondents with high serum ferritin level have 4.50 times more chance to develop GDM (OR=4.50,95% CI=1.56-12.97).
Conclusions: Serum ferritin levels were markedly higher in women with GDM than in those without. Therefore, high serum ferritin level can be regarded as a significant risk factor for the development of GDM.
Prenatal diagnosis, management and challenges of fetal defects: an epidemiological survey in a low-income Country
Authors: Ndiaye Mame Diarra , Cisse Lissoune , Traore Mamadou , Ndour Daouda , Faye Pape Moctar , Mbaye Maguette , Leye Mouhamed , Chami Helene , Gueye Mamour
Published: December 2024

Background: The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of fetal anomalies and malformations in a low-income country.
Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted over 18 months in various hospitals in Senegal. All fetuses diagnosed with a structural or functional fetal anomaly were included. Cases presenting with intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) were excluded, due to lack of ultrasound diagnosis. Data were collected via a database using Filemaker® software and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0 (SPSS). Qualitative variables were described by proportions, while quantitative variables were expressed using their dispersion parameters.
Results: A total of 155 cases of fetal pathologies were recorded. The anomalies primarily affected the central nervous system (20.6%), the urinary system (51%), the musculoskeletal system (11.6%), the abdomen and digestive tract (11.3%), and the heart (11%). Among the fetuses, 57 (36.8%) had in utero complications, with 13 cases of intrauterine fetal death (8.8%). Invasive diagnostic procedures were performed on 15 patients (9.7%), and antenatal treatment was administered to 10 patients (6.5%). The mean gestational age at delivery was 35.6 weeks. Caesarean delivery was predominant (76.3%). Postnatal care was medical for 43 patients, surgical for 26, and palliative for 22. Neonatal mortality was 51.4%. Among this neonatal death, 30% of cases linked to the lack of postnatal care.
Conclusions: The prevalence of fetal malformations remains stable and similar across countries. The organization of prenatal diagnosis and specialized care must be a priority.
Frequency and factors associated with women’s mistreatment in obstetric units in Guinea
Authors: Balde Mamadou Dioulde , Diallo Ramata , Kourouma Kabinet , Keita Kaba Saran , Sidibe Tiany , Camara Sadan , Toure Madeleine , Barry Fanta , Camara Bienvenu Salim , Kourouma Karifa , Diallo Aissatou , Sall Alpha Oumar
Published: December 2024

Background: In Guinea, women’s mistreatment during maternal health care remains under-documented. The aim of this study was to analyse the frequency and factors associated with mistreatment in obstetric units in Guinea.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in January and February 2023 in five prefectures from the country’s different regions. A total of 324 women were surveyed on discharge from obstetric consultations/care. Factors associated with mistreatment were identified using multivariate logistic regression with a p value ≤5%. Analysis was performed using Stata 16.0.
Results: One-third of the women surveyed reported having suffered mistreatment in the antepartum period, during labour and/or in the postpartum period. In addition to physical and verbal violence, several other types of mistreatments were reported, including neglect, informal payment and lack of consent. Women receiving care from a midwife were six times more likely to experience physical violence than those receiving care from a physician (p=0.009). Those who went to a prefectural hospital were three times more likely (p=0.05) to suffer such violence than those who went to a regional hospital. Women with no formal education were 90% less likely to be verbally abused than those with higher education (p=0.03). Women living in rural areas were 70% less likely to suffer other types of mistreatments than those living in urban areas (p=0.01). Those who went to a rural health centre or a prefectural hospital were six times and 4.5 times more likely to be subjected to these types of mistreatments, respectively, than those who went to a regional hospital.
Conclusions: Prioritising training in respectful care for midwives in all health facilities, for health staff in rural health centres and prefectural hospitals, and improving the equipment of these health facilities would help to reduce mistreatment in obstetrics in Guinea.
Association of preoperative systemic inflammation score with clinicopathological feature in the early stage of carcinoma cervix
Authors: Naher Syfun , Begum Shirin Akter , Akter Naznine , Khatoon Farhana , Nihar Fatema , Meher Subrina , Sultana Fahmida , Hossen Mofazzal
Published: December 2024

Background: Cervical cancer is a significant global health concern, particularly in its early stages (stage IA-IIA).  Systemic inflammation’s influence on cancer has been explored extensively in other tumor types, its association with clinicopathological features in early-stage carcinoma of the cervix remains a relatively underexplored area. This study aimed to evaluate the association of preoperative systemic inflammation score with clinicopathological features in the early stage of carcinoma cervix.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that was carried out in the department of gynecological oncology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from June 2022 and July 2023. In our study, we included 90 cervical cancer stage IA-IIA patients who underwent primary radical hysterectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy.
Results: Among all study participants, the mean age was 45.1±9.03 years. Majorities (65.6%) were found taking oral contraceptive pills. Higher SIS scores were strongly associated with larger tumor sizes, with mean tumor sizes of 1.45 cm (SIS 0), 1.99 cm (SIS 1), and 2.54 cm (SIS 2), respectively. Additionally, the incidence of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) demonstrated a pronounced increase with higher SIS scores, with 7.7% (SIS 0) and 92.3% (SIS 1-2) exhibiting LVSI. These associations were statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The study findings conclude that there is an association of pretreatment systemic inflammation score SIS with tumor size, lymphovascular space invasion, and increased depth of stromal invasion. SIS preoperatively can predict the clinicopathological risk factor of cancer cervix.
Epidemiological trends and surgical versus non-surgical management of uterine leiomyomas in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Mou Farzana Naznin , Aktar Toma
Published: December 2024

Background: Uterine leiomyomas, commonly known as fibroids, are the most prevalent benign tumors in women of reproductive age, often contributing to significant morbidity due to symptoms like heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and infertility. The management of fibroids varies widely and can include medical, surgical, or combined approaches, depending on various patient factors.
Methods: This cross-sectional study observational study was conducted department of obstetrics and gynecology, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from January 2022 to July 2022. A total of 100 women with fibroid were considered as study subjects by purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was done by statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0.
Results: The majority of patients were aged 31-50 years, with a mean age of 38.48 years, and the most prevalent educational level was HSC (29%). Most patients (56%) were housewives, with 65% residing in urban areas, and 86% were married. The primary management approaches included medical treatment (49%) and surgical interventions (42%), with a smaller group (9%) receiving a combination of both. Oral progesterone was the most commonly used medical therapy (37.90%), while myomectomy was the leading surgical procedure (50.98%).
Conclusions: This study concludes that the majority of patients were between 31 and 50 years old, with a mean age of 38.48 years, and the most common educational attainment was HSC, comprising 29% of the cohort. Most were housewives (56%), predominantly from urban areas (65%), and (86%) were married. Management approaches included medical treatments in 49% of cases, surgical procedures in 42%, and a combined approach in 9%. Among medical therapies, oral progesterone was the most frequently used (37.90%), while myomectomy was the most common surgical intervention (50.98%).
A comparative study of paperless partograph and modified WHO partograph in management of labour
Authors: Verma Krupa , Monika  , Panwar Babita , Hooja Nupur , Gurjar Kapil Kumar , Saini Aakanksha
Published: December 2024

Background: Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in India has declined to 97 deaths per lakh in 2020. Though the use of partograph for monitoring of women in labour helped in the decline, several factors have been implicated in the underuse and incorrect use of the modified WHO partograph at all levels of maternity care. A paperless partograph has been designed for use by clinicians in low resource areas as a simple, non-time consuming, two step calculation to monitor progress of labour, the time to intervene or to transfer a woman to higher centres with facilities for caesarean section. Aim of the study was to compare paperless partograph and modified WHO partograph in the management of labour.
Methods: 1040 women who were admitted in labour room were selected and divided into two equal. Group A women were assessed during labour using modified WHO partograph and Group B women using paperless partograph. Outcome was observed were: Spontaneous normal delivery or assisted normal delivery or caesarean section, duration of labour, no. of women delivering before or at ALERT ETD, between ALERT and ACTION ETD and others delivering beyond ACTION ETD, indication for caesarean section if done. Foetal outcome was also recorded: APGAR scores, NICU admissions (reason of admission, duration of stay, outcome and compared.
Results: There was no significant difference in mode of delivery between both the partographs (p-value= 0.771488). The outcome in terms of time taken from 4 cm to to delivery and delivery in relation to Alert and Action line / ETD was comparable.
Conclusions: Paperless partograph can be easily used in place of modified WHO partograph in low resource settings with similar outcome.
Comparing day five and day six blastocyst transfers in IVF: the influence of male fertility factors on outcomes
Authors: Agrawal Ratna , Agrawal Animesh , Kumar A. Suresh , Agrawal Madhuprita , Agrawal Sweta
Published: December 2024

Background: Advances in in vitro fertilization (IVF) technology now permit blastocyst transfers on both day five and day six of embryo development. However, the influence of male fertility factors on the success of these transfers is not thoroughly understood. This study aims to evaluate and compare the outcomes of day five versus day six blastocyst transfers and to explore how male fertility parameters impact IVF success rates.
Methods: A prospective study was conducted over 24 months, involving 732 IVF cycles. Participants were categorized into two groups: one receiving day five blastocyst transfers (n=366) and the other receiving day six transfers (n=366). Variables such as male age, smoking habits, obesity, and semen quality were analysed. The primary outcomes-implantation rates, clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates-were compared using chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests.
Results: The success rates were notably higher for day five blastocyst transfers, with an implantation rate of 58.9% and a clinical pregnancy rate of 53.5%, compared to day six transfers, which had an implantation rate of 47.5% and a clinical pregnancy rate of 42.9%. Factors such as younger male age (<35 years), non-smoking status, normal weight and good semen quality were associated with better IVF outcomes.
Conclusions: Day five blastocyst transfers generally yield higher success rates than day six transfers. Addressing male fertility factors, including age, smoking and semen quality, is essential for optimizing IVF success.
Correlation of FMF criteria scores with severe preeclampsia - prediction of preeclampsia in first trimester
Authors: Bhat Mythri R. , N. Sunanda
Published: December 2024

Background: For the prediction of Preeclampsia, a combination of tests and risk factors are superior to single predictors, some multivariable screening algorithms have been developed for predicting PE, one of which is developed by the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) which uses maternal history and a combination of biophysical and biochemical measurements between 11+0 to 13+6 weeks gestation. To apply the FMF algorithm for prediction of preeclampsia in the first trimester, on antenatal women admitted with severe preeclampsia by retrospectively using information from their first trimester visits and to determine the sensitivity in the study subjects.
Methods: This is a retrospective study performed using medical records of antenatal women admitted in Cheluvamba Hospital, OBG Department, MMCRI, Mysuru over 12 months period (January 2023 to December 2023) admitted for severe preeclampsia.
Results: A total of 7719 deliveries were recorded in Cheluvamba hospital over the 12 months period. 176 antenatal women were diagnosed with Severe Preeclampsia who delivered during this period and were selected for the study. The FMF Algorithm applied using the information obtained from first trimester records (11+0 to 13+6 weeks) correctly predicted: 85% of early onset preterm Severe PE, 93% of late onset preterm Severe PE, 68% of term Severe PE, 81% of all Severe PE
Conclusion: The availability of this algorithm as a simple, free to use, online website calculator allows primary care physicians at primary care centers to recognise the potential high-risk pregnancy and to start aspirin prophylaxis, refer her to a tertiary care center for further evaluation and adequate follow up care.
Effectiveness of antenatal education on knowledge and practice of maternal nutrition among antenatal women
Authors: Pushpa Devangam , X. Sangeetha , Roy Susha Mary , K. Devikala
Published: December 2024

Background: Nutrition plays a vital role in pregnancy. During pregnancy the need of calorie intake of mother increases from 100k.cal/day during the first trimester to 340-450k.cal/day during the second and third trimester. Pregnant women should have an adequate intake of macronutrients and micronutrients to achieve optimum maternal, fetal and newborn outcomes. Imbalanced nutrition during pregnancy can cause pre-eclampsia, anemia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and infections, obstructed labour, prolonged labour and preterm births in pregnant women. It also affects fetus by causing intra uterine growth retardation, low birth weight, neural tube defects, congenital malformation, mental retardation and fetal macrosomia.
Methods: A quasi-experimental one group pre-test post-test design was used, involving 100 antenatal women attending antenatal OPD at tertiary hospital in Bangalore. Data was collected by using a structured knowledge questionnaire and practice scale on maternal nutrition. Antenatal education on maternal nutrition was administered for 45 minutes by using power point. Post-test on knowledge was assessed after 7 days was assessed after 4 weeks of intervention.
Results: Pre-test findings showed 67% of antenatal women had moderately adequate knowledge and 42% of subjects had adequate practice of maternal nutrition. After the antenatal education, 75% of the subjects had moderately adequate knowledge and 50% had adequate practice of maternal nutrition. The study revealed a significant improvement in knowledge (p=0.01) and practice (p=0.01) of antenatal women. There was a significant association between knowledge and practice and selected socio-demographic profiles.
Conclusion: Antenatal education regarding maternal nutrition was effective in enhancing the knowledge and practice related to maternal nutrition among pregnant women. Therefore, the study also revealed that there is a correlation between knowledge and practice of maternal nutrition among antenatal women.
Etiological evaluation of amenorrhea: a cross-sectional study from a tertiary care center in India
Authors: Priya Pritti K. , Aggarwal Rohina , Chaudhary Sumesh , Shah Kunur , Solanki Smit , Patel Hetvi , Chhetry Manisha
Published: December 2024

Background: To determine the prevalence of etiological causes in cases with primary and secondary amenorrhea in a tertiary care center in Western India.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of 170 medical records of non-pregnant women who presented with either primary or secondary amenorrhea to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IKDRC-ITS, Ahmedabad, Gujarat from Jan 2014 to December 2022 was done. The clinical profile, presentation, development of secondary sexual characteristics, physical examinations, hormone profile, imaging and cytogenetic study including karyotyping was done.
Results: The most common causes of primary amenorrhea identified were end organ failure (71.49%), among these 69.41% had some form of Mullerian anomalies while three were cases of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome. This was followed by hormonal abnormalities (15.97%) and gonadal failure (7.63%). There were two cases of gonadal dysgenesis, three cases of Turner's syndrome, three cases of complete androgen insensitivity, one case of Swyers syndrome, two cases of ring X chromosomes. Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism was the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea. Three patients had premature ovarian failure. Single kidney was the most common association seen in eleven patients.
Conclusions: This is one of the large studies exploring causes of both primary and secondary amenorrhea in Western India. Mullerian anomaly was the commonest cause of primary amenorrhea followed by hormonal abnormalities and gonadal failure. Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism was the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea. Role of racial, genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors could be an area of future research.
Maternal and neonatal outcome among referred women
Authors: Monika  , Verma Krupa , Panwar Babita , Hooja Nupur , Kaswan Prem Preet , Yadav Shivangi
Published: December 2024

Background: The availability of emergency obstetric care is considered to be an indicator of the preparedness of a health care services. Timely referral plays an important role in the management of diseases in any healthcare system.
Methods: This study included all referred women admitted in the hospital with more than 20 weeks gestational age. 220 referred women were included in the study. All details were noted and women were monitored. Maternal and foetal outcome were analysed.
Results: Caesarean section was performed in 58.32% of those delivered. 75.72% of neonates had 7 or higher APGAR score. There were 5.78% stillbirths.
Conclusions: The study showed good referral practices from most referring centres. Overall maternal and neonatal outcome was good. Utilizing community health workers to educate and identify high risk women for frequent antenatal care and early referrals will improve maternal outcome.
Assessment of fetomaternal outcome following common induction methods (Foley’s catheter, dinoprostone and misoprostol) for induction of labor in low risk women with term pregnancy
Authors: M. R. Manasa , Kumar G. Sampath , Nair Aparna
Published: December 2024

Background: Various mechanical and pharmacological approaches available for induction of labor (IOL), have varying effectiveness. This study compared the efficacy of three common IOL methods: intracervical Foley catheter, dinoprostone, and misoprostol, in achieving timely and safe vaginal deliveries.
Methods: A 12 month (March 2022 to March 2023) prospective observational study at Vydehi Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre on 60 term pregnant women undergoing IOL compared induction-to-delivery interval, post-induction Bishop scores, mode of delivery, oxytocin requirements, maternal and fetal morbidities with Foley catheter, dinoprostone gel and misoprostol induction to determine the efficacy and safety of each method.
Results: The study revealed notable differences in the effectiveness of the induction methods. Dinoprostone demonstrated the shortest induction-to-delivery interval (8.13 hours) and the highest rate of vaginal deliveries (90%). Misoprostol, while slightly slower with a 12.35-hour interval, achieved 85% vaginal deliveries. While, Foley catheter group had the longest induction-to-delivery time (18.12 hours) and a lower rate of vaginal deliveries (70%). Additionally, oxytocin augmentation was required more in the Foley catheter group. Maternal and fetal complications were significantly lower in the dinoprostone and misoprostol groups, focussing their superior safety profiles.
Conclusions: Pharmacological methods proved more efficient than Foley catheter in reducing induction time, improving cervical ripening, and increasing the likelihood of successful vaginal deliveries. Dinoprostone, in particular, emerged as the most efficient method with the fewest complications. However, careful monitoring is necessary to mitigate potential risks like uterine hyperstimulation, especially with misoprostol.
Study of feto-maternal haemorrhage during third trimester of pregnancy and immediate postpartum period in a secondary care hospital in India
Authors: Rashmi  , Ghoshal Adrija , Akhtar Selim , Bera Tapas Kumar , Dasgupta Animesh
Published: December 2024

Background: Feto maternal haemorrhage (FMH) & isoimmunisation leads to erythroblastosis fetalis. Post partum Rh anti-D immunoglobulin within 72 hours can significantly reduce the incidence of alloimmunization but about 1.8% women become immunised due to ‘silent’ FMH during third trimester of pregnancy. To find out the incidence & volume of FMH during third trimester of pregnancy and just after delivery. Secondary objective was to consider the justified dose of anti-D immune globulin required after delivery in Rh negative mothers.
Methods: After getting approval from institutional ethics committee, we conducted a prospective observational study considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. We took three maternal blood samples from each mother- at 28, 32 weeks & within 6 hours of delivery for performing Kleihauer Betkes test to detect FMH and its amount.
Results: 19 mothers out 0f 100 in our study developed FMH. Out of 19 mothers, 16 (84.2%) mothers had <1 ml Volume of haemorrhage and 3 mothers (15.8%) had 1-3 ml Volume of haemorrhage.
We found FMH is statistically associated with maternal blood pressure, mode of placenta delivery & number of foetuses.
Conclusion: Though incidence of FMH is low in antepartum period than intrapartum & postpartum period and incidence of large FMH is significantly lower, it is indeed needed to test the volume of FMH in every Rh-negative pregnancy, so that antenatal prophylaxis can be given and no silent bleeds cause isoimmunisation. Routine testing of FMH and subsequent patient specific adjusted dose to prevent isoimmunization can be cost effective.
Study of feto-maternal outcomes of pregnant women with severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia attending a tertiary care hospital of Kolhan region
Authors: Kar Soumya R. , Srivastava Anjali , Bara Manju M. , Jha Ela
Published: December 2024

Background: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, particularly severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, are significant contributors to maternal morbidity and mortality, especially in developing regions. In India, these conditions are the third leading cause of maternal mortality. This study aims to evaluate maternal and fetal outcomes in women with severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in a tertiary care hospital serving Jharkhand's Kolhan region, focusing on rural and tribal populations to understand demographic and clinical risk factors.
Methods: This hospital-based, prospective cohort study was conducted from September 2022 to September 2024 at Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, India. A total of 120 pregnant women diagnosed with severe pre-eclampsia (blood pressure ≥160/110 mmHg with organ damage) or eclampsia (seizures associated with pre-eclampsia) were included. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, clinical presentations, and outcomes were collected and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, with a p-value <0.05 considered significant.
Results: Of the participants, 73.33% were from rural areas, 73.33% were tribal, and 40.83% were under 20 years of age. Severe pre-eclampsia was present in 61.7% of cases, while eclampsia affected the rest. High rates of maternal complications, including HELLP syndrome (20.83%), acute renal failure (15%), and postpartum hemorrhage (15%), were observed. Adverse fetal outcomes included low birth weight (43.33%), preterm births (69.17%), and NICU admissions (26.67%).
Conclusions: Severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Jharkhand’s Kolhan region disproportionately affect young, rural, and tribal women. Findings underscore the need for improved antenatal care, early diagnosis, and community health interventions to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity in high-risk populations.
A study on attitude of contraceptive method users towards newer contraceptive method (ormeloxifene)
Authors: Sehgal Vinika , Agarwal Shaily , Gupta Renu , Dwivedi Seema , Verma Pratima
Published: December 2024

Background: This study aimed to asses user attitudes towards newer contraceptive method-Chhaya (ormeloxifene). It assessed the frequency of use, side effects, discontinuation rates, fertility return, and user satisfaction, providing insights into how this method is perceived and experienced.
Methods: The study was conducted from June 2022 to June 2024 at GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, and included 200 women of reproductive age. Participants were recruited from the outpatient department and postpartum wards, with data collected on demographics, reproductive health, contraceptive side effects, and satisfaction using a standardized questionnaire. Statistical analyses, including chi-square and Pearson’s correlation tests, were applied using Origin Pro software.
Results: Chhaya users accounted for 9.558% of total OPD attendance. Fertility return was quicker with 46.66% regaining fertility within 6 months of discontinuation. Major side effects -among study participants were delayed cycles (26.92%) and breast tenderness (23.07%). Discontinuation rates were found to be 19.71% discontinuing after 3 months. Satisfaction levels with 32.5% very satisfied were found in the study participants.
Conclusions: Chhaya was associated with a quicker return to fertility, fewer severe side effects, and higher user satisfaction.
Comparative study of vaginal hysterectomy and total abdominal hysterectomy in non-descent uterus
Authors: Patel Rutwa , Kantharia Preet S.
Published: December 2024

Background: Aim of this study was to compare the outcome of the study of Vaginal Hysterectomy cases (VH) and that of total Abdominal Hysterectomy cases (AH) in non-descent uterus.
Methods: The study was carried out at Dhiraj Hospital on the outskirt of Vadodara, Gujarat. For the cases admitted to the Gynaecology unit requiring hysterectomy were randomly selected as 60 cases of VH and 60 cases of AH, during the study period between January 2023 to August 2024.
Results: Majority of the patients operated for hysterectomy belonged to 41-50 years of age. Mean age of AH and VH are 44.4 and 43.8 respectively. Most of the patients who underwent hysterectomy are multiparous and weighted mean parity in the AH group is 2.9 and VH Group is 3.2. The most common indications were DUB (38%) of the cases, followed by Adenomyosis (32%), Fibroid Uterus (22%) and PID (8%). Nearly 82% of the patients are delivered vaginally and 13% of these patients has previous caesarean delivery and operated without any major complication.  Mean duration of surgery in VH (57 minute) is lower than the AH (75 minutes). Patients of vaginal group ambulated earlier than the abdominal group. Most of the patients discharged between 4-6 days post operatively.
Conclusions: Vaginal hysterectomy is a safe, least invasive & most economical route, with lesser complications and should be chosen as the preferred method of hysterectomy, over total abdominal hysterectomy, whenever feasible.
Association of meconium stained amniotic fluid with Apgar score of neonate
Authors: Panwar Babita , Verma Krupa , Monika  , Hooja Nupur , Panwar Rakesh , Sharma Shikha
Published: December 2024

Background: The presence of meconium in amniotic fluid is indicated one of the foetal distress sign. The objective of the study was to see the association of meconium stained liquor and Apgar score of neonate.
Methods: Women admitted in labour room were classified as those with clear liquor or meconium stained. Labour was monitored and Apgar score of neonate was noted Data was analysed to see the association with Apgar score of neonate.
Results: Out of 250 women, 50 women had meconium stained liquor (MSL). MSL had significant association with poor Apgar score. There was no association between mode of delivery, interval between detection of meconium and delivery and the phase of labour in which it was detected with Apgar score.
Conclusions: Presence of meconium has effect on Apgar score. Close monitoring improves the neonatal outcome. Early identification and prompt management of women with meconium stained liquor will help to reduce the neonatal morbidity.
Prospective study of high-risk pregnancy and their outcome in tertiary care center
Authors: Nandimath Savitri R. , Gaikwad Priyanka , Yadav Manisha , Patil Bhushan A.
Published: December 2024

Background: Women form the centre of the family and their health is of prime importance to the well-being of the whole family. MCH status is assessed through measurements of mortality, morbidity, growth and development. The term “high risk pregnancy (HRP)” refers to any pregnancy associated with an increased risk for adverse outcomes which can be maternal or fetal.
Methods: It was a prospective observational study conducted on all pregnant women admitted to labour ward in study period from 1st October 2018 to 30th September 2020.
Results: In our study out of 17101 mothers admitted in the labour ward over 56.2 % belong to low-risk group, 25.5% to the moderate and 18.3% belong to high-risk group. Majority of patients belong the age group of 20- 24 years (56.6%) and 78.84% were primipara. Registered patients 98.4% whereas unregistered admissions were 1.6%. 92.95% of admissions were ≥37 weeks gestational age. The mode of delivery for 58.1% of the patients was vaginal deliveries whereas 41.9% delivered through LSCS. 95.10% of women had their babies with them after delivery while NICU admissions were 23.79%. Preterm admissions were seen maximum in high-risk group (26.67%) 52.5% of the patients belonging to the high-risk group were delivered by LSCS, among them 21.59% babies required NICU admission and neonatal death (3.50%) was also higher.
Conclusions: Early detection of high-risk pregnancies at PHC level with proper ANC and referral system improves fetomaternal outcome.