bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unprecedented Ultraviolet Circularly Polarized Light‐Dependent Anomalous Photovoltaics in Chiral Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Guan Qianwen , Xu Peng , Xu Bohui , Ye Huang , Zhu Zeng‐Kui , Wang Shiyu , Zhang Chengshu , Li Hang , Ji Chengmin , Lin Zheshuai , Luo Junhua
Published: January 2025

Circularly Polarized Light (CPL)‐dependent anomalous photovoltaic effect (APVE), characterized by light helicity‐manipulated steady photocurrent and above‐bandgap photovoltage, has demonstrated significant potential in the fields of photoelectronic and photovoltaics. However, exploiting CPL‐dependent APVE in chiral hybrid perovskites, a promising family with intrinsic chiroptical activity and non‐centrosymmetric structure, remains challenging. Here, leveraging the flexible structural design of chiral alternating cations intercalation‐type perovskites, CPL‐dependent APV, for the first time, is achieved in chiral perovskites. Specifically, by introducing lone pair electrons into the organic layers to greatly amplify the polarization, [(R)‐PPA](MOPA)PbBr4 (2‐R) (PPA = 1‐phenylpropylammonium, MOPA = 3‐methoxypropylammonium) exhibit intrinsic APVE with an above‐bandgap photovoltage of 6.50 V (Eg = 3.01 eV) under ultraviolet (UV) light illumination. Strikingly, profiting from the natural chiral optical activity of chiral perovskites, unprecedented UV CPL‐dependent APV is realized in 2‐R, driving the high distinguishability between right‐hand and left‐hand CPLs with a large anisotropy factor (gIph) of 0.33. This study pioneers the realization of CPL‐dependent APV within chiral perovskite, promising significant advancements in optoelectronic device technologies.
A comparison of physics‐based, data‐driven, and hybrid modeling approaches for rice phenology prediction
Authors: Yu Jin , Zhao Yifan , Lei Guoqing , Zeng Wenzhi
Published: January 2025

Accurate prediction of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) phenology is necessary for informing field management and improving yield. There exist different ways, including physics‐based, data‐driven, and hybrid approaches, to make rice phenology prediction. However, few studies have investigated the performance of the above three modeling approaches. This study compared the performance of a physics‐based model (ORYZA), a data‐driven model (using the distributed random forest [DRF] technique), and a hybrid model (an integration of the ORYZA model and DRF‐based rice development rate parameter estimates) for rice panicle initiation and flowering date prediction. The feature importance analysis method was introduced to quantify the relative importance of input variables for rice phenology prediction. The results showed the following: (1) Rice genotypes and cultivation patterns resulted in poor performance of the ORYZA model for phenology prediction, whose root mean square error (RMSE) ranged from 6.01 to 8.12 days, and the coefficient of determination (R2) ranged from 0.06 to 0.24. (2) The hybrid model, whose RMSE ranged from 3.11 to 3.66 days, improved the ORYZA model but still underperformed the data‐driven model, whose RMSE ranged from 2.44 to 2.57 days. The worse performance might be attributed to the poor prediction accuracy of the model parameter, development rate in the juvenile phase, where the mean absolute percentage error was 0.286. (3) Satellite‐based vegetation indices, leaf area index, and evapotranspiration played an important role in determining the predictive capacity of the DRF technique for ORYZA model parameters and rice phenology. Overall, we suggested using data‐driven models for accurate rice phenology prediction.
Toward a phylogenomic classification of magnoliids
Authors: Helmstetter Andrew J. , Ezedin Zacky , de Lírio Elton John , de Oliveira Sylvia M. , Chatrou Lars W. , Erkens Roy H. J. , Larridon Isabel , Leempoel Kevin , Maurin Olivier , Roy Shyamali , Zuntini Alexandre R. , Baker William J. , Couvreur Thomas L. P. , Forest Félix , Sauquet Hervé
Published: January 2025

Premise

Magnoliids are a strongly supported clade of angiosperms. Previous phylogenetic studies based primarily on analyses of a limited number of mostly plastid markers have led to the current classification of magnoliids into four orders and 18 families. However, uncertainty remains regarding the placement of several families.

Methods

For the first comprehensive phylogenomic analysis of magnoliids as a whole, we sampled 235 species from 199 (74%) genera and representing all families and most subfamilies and tribes. We analyzed newly generated data from the Angiosperms353 probe set using both coalescent and concatenation analyses and testing the impact of multiple filtering and alignment strategies.

Results

While our results generally provide further support for previously established phylogenetic relationships in both magnoliids as a whole and large families including Annonaceae and Lauraceae, they also provide new evidence for previously ambiguous relationships. In particular, we found support for the position of Hydnoraceae as sister to the remainder of Piperales, though evidence was conflicting, and resolved the backbone of relationships among most genera of Myristicaceae. Different analytical strategies tended to have rather small effects on branch support and topology.

Conclusions

Although some of our results are limited by low gene recovery for a number of taxa and significant gene tree conflict for some relationships, this study represents a significant step toward reconstructing the evolutionary history of a major lineage of angiosperms. Based on these results, we present an updated phylogenetic classification for magnoliids, recognizing 21 families, summarizing previously established subfamilies and tribes, and describing new tribes for Myristicaceae.
Pi‐Stacking Geometry Directed Supramolecular Secondary Building Units Shaping Hydrogen‐Bonded Frameworks for Intensive NH3 Adsorption
Authors: Ding Xiaojun , Gao Qiang , Su Yi , Chen Jing , Ye Gang
Published: January 2025

Exploiting supramolecular secondary building units (SSBUs) for developing porous crystalline materials represents an exciting breakthrough that extends the boundaries of reticular chemistry. However, shaping polynuclear clusters sustained by non‐covalent interactions for the assembly of hydrogen‐bonded frameworks remains a critical challenge. This study presents a novel strategy to stabilize SSBUs by tuning the π‐stacking geometry of conjugated building blocks, facilitating the creation of hydrogen‐bonded frameworks with tailored architectures for demanding gas separation. Specifically, parallel‐displaced π–π stackings of aromatic heterocycles bearing carboxyls promote the formation of SSBUs bridged by ammonium cations [NH4+]8[COO−]8 (SSBU‐4), enabling the assembly of hydrogen‐bonded frameworks with permanent porosity and structural diversity influenced by the solvent effect. Comparatively, the non‐heterocyclic building units exhibit geometrically‐ or energetically‐unfavorable π stackings, resulting in fragile frameworks that collapse after removing disordered guests. Significantly, the heterocycle conjugated frameworks contain abundant open Brønsted acid N−H sites within pore channels, demonstrating remarkable NH3 adsorption ability among diverse industrial gases with a high capacity (275.7 mL/g, at 273 K, 100 kPa) as compared to reported porous molecular crystals.
In Vitro Biocompatibility and Wound Healing Potential of Bilayered Scaffold With Electrospun Gentamicin‐Loaded Pullulan/PVA/Gum Arabic Nanofibers and Solvent‐Casted PLA
Authors: Das Kuhelika , Tiwari Vikas , Prasannavenkadesan Varatharajan , Banerjee Sanjay K. , Katiyar Vimal
Published: January 2025

Wound healing, especially for severe injuries, require dressings that absorb exudate, prevent infection, and support healing without causing trauma upon removal. Traditional single‐layered dressings often fail to balance moisture retention and protection, hindering optimal healing. To address this, a bilayered scaffold was fabricated comprising an electrospun hydrophilic sublayer of Pullulan/Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/Gum arabic blend loaded with Gentamicin and a solvent‐casted hydrophobic top layer of Polylactic acid (PLA). The hydrophilic layer was designed for direct wound contact to ease dressing removal, while the hydrophobic layer was to enhance mechanical properties, prevent moisture loss, and protect against external environment. The scaffold exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with controlled Gentamicin release of 93.09% ± 2.63% within 48 h, best described by the zero‐order model (R2 = 0.9850). It demonstrated a swelling index of 611.85% ± 15.05%, indicating its excellent exudate absorbing capacity. The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and porosity were 94.20 ± 14.50 g/m2/day and 70.56% ± 0.58%, respectively, both falling within the permissible range for wound healing. Additionally, the in vitro biocompatibility and wound healing assays conducted on human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells confirmed its noncytotoxicity and applicability in wound dressing applications.
Liquid Crystal Polycaprolactone Copolymer Elastomer With Low Autonomous Driving Temperature
Authors: Zhou Hongwei , Li Hongjin , Yan Yao , Yang Rong
Published: January 2025

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are liquid crystal polymers with moderate crosslinking that exhibit elasticity in both their isotropic and liquid crystal states. These materials can be programmed through chemical design and geometric configuration to achieve autonomous actuation at specific temperatures. Typically, the autonomous actuation temperature of LCEs exceeds the phase transition temperature of their isotropic states, with most reported LCEs requiring temperatures above 100°C. Such high temperatures pose challenges for use in soft robotics due to increased energy consumption and limited operational flexibility. In this study, we introduce a small amount of polycaprolactone (PCL) into the main chain of LCEs, effectively lowering their phase transition temperature while maintaining over 90% of the reversible shrinkage strain characteristic of pure LCEs. By adjusting the PCL content, the number of twists, and the helix density, we successfully obtained an LCE‐PCL actuator with improved autonomous actuation performance at temperatures ranging from 45°C to 105°C. Moreover, by modulating the degree of torsion and the operating temperature, the LCE‐PCL autonomous actuator demonstrates the ability to perform complex motions, such as reversing and parking. This work offers new insights into the design and application of LCEs with reduced phase transition temperatures and enhanced self‐driving capabilities.
Aminated Poly (1, 4‐Phenylene Ether Ether Sulfone) Membrane Grafted With AgTiO2–r(OXSWCNTs‐GO) Nanocomposites With Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Alqarni Sara A.
Published: January 2025

In this study, we created antimicrobial membranes by grafting aminated poly(1,4‐phenylene ether ether sulfone) (APEES) with silver‐doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (AgTiO2 NPs) and reduced oxidized single‐wall carbon nanotube‐graphene oxide r(OXSWCNT‐GO) nanocomposites to combat membrane biofouling, which is a major challenge in membrane technology. APEES was prepared by nitrating PEES and then reducing it to increase its hydrophilicity. Scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy were used to characterize the membranes. The antimicrobial properties of the tested membranes were found to be effective against gram‐negative bacteria, specifically Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The APEES–AgTiO2 and APEES–AgTiO2–r(OXSWCNT‐GO) nanocomposites showed larger inhibition zones than the polymers lacking Ag/TiO2. The APEES–AgTiO2 nanocomposite showed a maximum inhibition zone of 13 mm compared to the other polymers. Docking investigations confirmed these findings, revealing a strong fit of the tested polymer nanocomposites into DNA gyrase B (PDB ID: 4uro). The APEES–AgTiO2 nanocomposite had the highest docking score of −5.2728 kcal/mol, which corresponded with the observed antibacterial activity during practical testing.
Exploring Absolute Retract in Regular Hayward Black Holes and Their Implications for Astrophysics
Authors: Abu‐Saleem Mohammad , Taani Ali
Published: January 2025

In this article, we study and describe the topology of the spherically symmetric and regular (with no singularity in its event horizon) black hole, which is called Hayward black hole. We use the symmetric metric for this object, associated with the Euler‐Lagrangian equation, to derive various types of geodesic equations and components of a subspace geodesic. Under certain conditions, this approach allows us to deduce three types of absolute retractions representing the particle's motion along different axes within a 3‐D subspace. These retractions could potentially describe the region of the event horizon of Hayward black holes. We show that the radial geodesics describe motion directly toward the black hole's center, while tangential geodesics illustrate paths without angular displacement. Spacetime curvature near the event horizon emphasizes the intense gravitational effects and distortions caused by the black hole's mass. Particle motion in subspace represents constrained tangential dynamics, providing insights into localized spacetime. In addition, the study of the Hayward black hole (topology and geometry) is valuable for our understanding of general relativity, exploring the quantum field of gravity implications, and contribute to the fields of mathematical physics and astrophysics.
PARP inhibitor‐based treatment in metastatic, castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Roberto Michela , Di Civita Mattia Alberto , Marinelli Daniele , Torchia Andrea , Cara Nertila , Maltese Giulia , Speranza Iolanda , Santini Daniele
Published: January 2025

Background

We present a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with PARPi either as monotherapy or in combination with an androgen receptor‐targeted agent (ARTA) in first‐ and second‐line settings.

Methods

Primary endpoints are radiographic progression free survival (rPFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with mCRPC and either unselected, homologous recombination repair wild‐type (HRR−), homologous recombination repair mutated (HRR+) or with BRCA1, BRCA2, or ATM mutation. The effect of PARPi + ARTA in the second‐line setting is also explored. Safety is a secondary end‐point.

Results

A total of five phase III (first line: MAGNITUDE, PROpel, TALAPRO‐2; second line: PROfound, TRITON3) and two phase II RCTs (second line: NCT01972217, NCT01576172) were selected. In the first‐line setting, rPFS was significantly improved in PARPi + ARTA arm in all comers (HR 0.70, p < 0.00001), HRR− (HR 0.76, p = 0.005), HRR+ (HR 0.57, p = 0.0003), and BRCA1/2‐mutated patients (HR: 0.33, p < 0.00001). OS was improved in the population with HRR+ status (HR 0.76, p = 0.02) but not statistically significant in BRCA1/2‐mutated patients (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.30–1.08, p = 0.08). In the second line, PARPi improves rPFS (HR for BRCA2 0.31, p = 0.002) and OS (HR for BRCA1/2 0.71, p = 0.01) only in such patients. In this setting, no advantage was reported by adding a PARPi to an ARTA. The arm with PARPi either as monotherapy or in combination with ARTA showed a significantly higher toxicity profile.

Conclusions

PARPi‐based therapy represents a compelling treatment option for HRR+ mCRPC, mainly BRCA1/2‐mutated patients. However, further biomarker analysis are needed in order to identify other responsive patients across the different disease settings.
Surface Amide–Mediated Synthesis of Bright Blue Fluorescent Carbon Dots for High‐Sensitivity Detection of Hg2+ Ions
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Zhao Xiaojia , Guo Hongying , Cai Yongfeng , Zhang Tao
Published: January 2025

Mercury ions (Hg2+) seriously harm the central nervous system of humans, leading to brain damage and even heart failure and death. Therefore, effective detection of Hg2+ in water quality has become an urgent research field. It is very important to develop economically efficient fluorescent sensors to achieve rapid and sensitive detection of Hg2+. Therefore, the high fluorescence quantum yield fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) with amide group were prepared. The process of preparing CDs was regulated by multiple key factors (carbon source, proportion, time), and the CDs with the best fluorescence performance were selected. It was comprehensively characterized, including fluorescence performance, surface structure, phase, and morphological characteristics. The amide group endows CDs with the ability to act as both donors and acceptors for hydrogen bonding, forming complexes with metal ions, thus making them suitable for the detection of Hg2+. It is worth noting that CDs can quickly detect Hg2+ within 1 min, and there is a good linear relationship within the ranges of 0.001–200 μM and 200–500 μM. The detection limit of UC‐CDs is 8.2 nM. This study provides a fluorescent sensor with fast reaction, excellent sensitivity, and selectivity for the efficient detection of Hg2+ in water.
Panchromatic Absorption of Unsymmetrical Donor‐Acceptor Dyes Based on a Meta‐Conjugated 1,3,5‐Heteroaryltriazine Core
Authors: Rothera Jacob G. , Taing Hi , Cruz Menandro , Dmitrienko Anton , Vukotic V. Nicholas , Ryno Sean M. , Risko Chad , Mohan Raj A. , Skene William G. , Eichhorn S. Holger
Published: January 2025

Attachment of three different heterocycles with electron donor or acceptor character to a central 1,3,5‐triazine core generates readily soluble side‐chain free dyes with two displaying soft crystalline mesomorphism and one displaying a nematic liquid crystal phase as confirmed by polarized optical microscopy, calorimetry, gravimetric analysis, and powder X‐ray diffraction. Equally intriguing is the dyes’ relatively strong electronic communication between donor and acceptor subchromophores that are meta‐conjugated to one another, which is experimentally observed as a broad intramolecular charge‐transfer absorption that can extend over 100 nm past the most intense absorption event and is computationally confirmed through density functional theory (DFT) evaluations of the molecular ground‐ and excited‐state properties. This molecular design permits the preparation of dyes with panchromatic absorption not just based on the additive absorption of individual subchromophores.
Synthesis and Reactivity of a Non‐Heme μ‐Oxodicobalt(IV) Complex
Authors: Kaur Simarjeet , Keshari Kritika , Sauvan Maxime , Velasco Lucia , Arora Pragya , Santra Aakash , Charisiadis Asterios , Ugale Ashok D. , Draksharapu Apparao , Moonshiram Dooshaye , Paria Sayantan
Published: January 2025

A mononuclear CoIII complex (1) of a bisamide‐bisalkoxide donor ligand was synthesized and thoroughly characterized. The reaction of 1 with 0.5 equiv. of m‐chloroperbenzoic acid (m‐CPBA) in acetonitrile at −40 °C resulted in the formation of a μ‐oxodicobalt(IV) complex (2), which was characterized by an array of spectroscopic techniques, including X‐ray absorption spectroscopy which revealed a short Co−Ooxo distance of 1.67 Å. Reactivity studies of 2 towards oxidation/oxygenation of hydrocarbon C−H bond and triphenylphosphine or thioanisole derivatives have been examined. UV‐vis spectroscopy studies showed the appearance of clear isosbestic points during the oxidation of substrates together with a neat transformation of 2 to 1. Detailed kinetic investigations established that 2 follows a Concerted Proton‐Electron Transfer (CPET) mechanism for hydrocarbon oxidation and has a weak electrophilic character. Catalytic behavior of 1 was noted towards the oxygen atom transfer reactions. This study showcases the spectroscopic investigation and reactivity studies of a CoIV(μ‐O)CoIV moiety. Although the FeIV analog of such a core has been described before, the study describes the first example with a CoIV center.
Energy Landscapes in Chemical Reactions and Transport
Authors: Weitzel Karl‐Michael
Published: January 2025

Both, molecular chemical reactions and transport of atoms in solid media are determined by the energy landscape in which the seemingly different processes take place. Chemical reactions can be described as cooperative translocation of two chemical entities on a common potential energy surface. Transport of atoms in a solid can be envisaged as the translocation of a single particle in the potential energy landscape of all other particles constituting the solid. The goal of this manuscript is to demonstrate common grounds but also distinct differences in the physico‐chemical processes, their experimental quantification and their theoretical modelling. This work will span the range from the historical foundations all the way to the current challenges. While scientists at the beginning of the 20th century where commonly active in both fields, e. g., Wilhelm Jost has pioneered and shaped the field of transport in solids and reaction kinetics in Germany, the fields have drifted apart for the last 50 decades. It is now time to bring the fields together again. Ultimately, it is suggested that knowledge gained in the field of transport may in fact stimulate advancement in the field of molecular reactivity and vice versa. Here, the energy landscapes are pivotal for knowledge‐based advancement.
A Review on Sustainable Slow‐Release N, P, K Fertilizer Hydrogels for Smart Agriculture
Authors: Mandal Manas , Singh Lodhi Roop , Chourasia Shivangi , Das Subhasis , Das Paramita
Published: January 2025

The agricultural sector of any country plays a pivotal role in its economy. Irrigation and the provision of appropriate nutrient levels in soil are essential for optimizing plant growth and enhancing crop productivity. To support the increasing need for food due to the growing population worldwide, synthetic fertilizers have been widely used in the agricultural sector. These fertilizers could readily dissolve in the irrigation water or soil moisture, causing excessive release of the nutrients that plants cannot uptake from the root zone. The excess nutrients in the soil further harm the environment via surface run‐off, leaching, and volatilization. Thus, materials with high water absorption and retention capacity, and precise control over the prolonged fertilizer release offer a potential solution to address these issues. To meet these requirements, the development of slow‐release fertilizer hydrogels (SRFHs) represents a promising approach. SRFHs serve as natural agrochemicals to enhance crop growth and yield through controlled and self‐sustained delivery of water and nutrients. This review provides a comprehensive study on the recent advancements in SRFHs, including their preparation methods, properties, slow‐release behavior, and applications in smart agriculture. The response of soil microbial diversity to slow‐release fertilizers is briefly discussed, and the future potential of SRFHs is highlighted herein.
Optimizing Power Quality in EV Chargers Using Advanced Quadrature Signal Generators and AI‐Driven Adaptive Filtering
Authors: Yadav Gaurav , Singh Mukhtiar
Published: January 2025

As electric vehicle (EV) adoption grows, vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) technology enables bidirectional power flow in grid‐interactive EV chargers. However, maintaining consistent power quality under nonideal grid conditions remains a challenge. Traditional PI controllers struggle to reduce total harmonic distortion (THD) and adjust to dynamic grid variations. This study explores machine learning techniques, including decision trees, artificial neural networks (ANN), and linear regression, as alternatives to conventional PI controllers. Decision trees emerge as the most advantageous due to their simplicity, interpretability, and ability to handle complex, nonlinear relationships with minimal data preprocessing. While ANN captures intricate patterns, it demands more computational resources and lacks transparency. Linear regression, though efficient, struggles with complex grid behaviors. The decision tree approach allows real‐time adaptive control, improving THD reduction and grid stability. Additionally, a CNISOGI filter is implemented to enhance harmonic attenuation and DC‐offset rejection. The system's effectiveness is validated through Matlab/Simulink simulations and a 1.1 kW hardware prototype. The results show that integrating decision tree‐based controllers with advanced filtering techniques can significantly enhance power quality, grid stability, and operational efficiency in future smart grids.
A Calculation Method Based on Analytical Formulas for Inrush Currents and Voltage Dips During Energization
Authors: Yonezawa Rikido , Kawasaki Shoji
Published: January 2025

If a voltage dip gets lower than a certain threshold at the moment when a transformer is energized, its mitigation is required. For this reason, when a transformer is energized, the voltage dip is calculated in advance and the need for its mitigation is considered. From the viewpoint of preventing unnecessary countermeasures, highly accurate calculations are required. However, electromagnetic transient analysis, which is known as a method with high accuracy, is not practical because its operation is rather complicated. In this paper, the analytical circuit is simplified by simulating the magnetizing inductance of the transformer with the inductance and the series connection of the ideal switch, and analytical formulas for the flux and current in the winding are derived for each switching mode. The calculated inrush currents and voltage dips during transformer energization using the derived analytical formulas agreed well with the results from electromagnetic transient analysis, which handled the nonlinear current‐flux characteristics precisely.
Lithium Difluorophosphate Additive Engineering Enabling Stable Cathodic Interface for High‐Performance Sulfide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium Battery
Authors: Wu Zhan , Du Limao , Yang Tianqi , Zhang Haiyuan , Zhang Wenkui , Xia Yang , Fang Ruyi , Huang Hui , Gan Yongping , Xia Xinhui , He Xinping , Tao Xinyong , Zhang Jun
Published: January 2025

Coupling with high‐voltage oxide cathode is the key to achieve high‐energy density sulfide‐based all‐solid‐state lithium batteries. However, the complex interfacial issues including the space charge layer effect and undesirable side reaction between sulfide solid‐state electrolytes and oxide cathode materials are the main constraints on the development of high‐performance all‐solid‐state lithium batteries, which lead to the continuous decay of electrochemical performance. Herein, different from the complicated coating procedure, a LiPO2F2 additive engineering was proposed to achieve high‐performance all‐solid‐state lithium batteries. With the introduction of LiPO2F2 additive, a protective cathode–electrolyte interphase consisting of LiPxOyFz, LiF, and Li3PO4 could be in situ formed to improve the interfacial stability between LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) and Li5.5PS4.5Cl1.5 (LPSC). Benefiting from this, the NCM811/LPSC/Li all‐solid‐state lithium battery exhibited impressive cyclic stability with a capacity retention of 85.5% after 600 cycles (at 0.5 C). Diverse and comprehensive characterization, combined with finite element simulation and density functional theory calculation fully demonstrated the effective component, interfacial stabilization function and enhanced kinetic of LiPO2F2‐derived cathode–electrolyte interphase. This work provides not only a feasible and effective method to stabilize the cathodic interface but also worthy insight into interfacial design for high‐performance all‐solid‐state lithium batteries.
White Matter Tract Crossing and Bottleneck Regions in the Fetal Brain
Authors: Calixto Camilo , Soldatelli Matheus D. , Li Bo , Vasung Lana , Jaimes Camilo , Gholipour Ali , Warfield Simon K. , Karimi Davood
Published: January 2025

There is a growing interest in using diffusion MRI to study the white matter tracts and structural connectivity of the fetal brain. Recent progress in data acquisition and processing suggests that this imaging modality has a unique role in elucidating the normal and abnormal patterns of neurodevelopment in utero. However, there have been no efforts to quantify the prevalence of crossing tracts and bottleneck regions, important issues that have been investigated for adult brains. In this work, we determined the brain regions with crossing tracts and bottlenecks between 23 and 36 gestational weeks. We performed probabilistic tractography on 62 fetal brain scans and extracted a set of 51 distinct white matter tracts, which we grouped into 10 major tract bundle groups. We analyzed the results to determine the patterns of tract crossings and bottlenecks. Our results showed that 20%–25% of the white matter voxels included two or three crossing tracts. Bottlenecks were more prevalent. Between 75% and 80% of the voxels were characterized as bottlenecks, with more than 40% of the voxels involving four or more tracts. These results highlight the relevance of these regions to key developmental processes, specifically, the dispersion of projection fibers, the protracted growth of commissural pathways, and the emergence of association tracts that contribute to the formation of complex intersection regions. These developmental interactions lead to a high prevalence of crossing fibers and bottleneck areas, reflecting the intricate organization required for establishing structural and functional connectivity. Additionally, our results highlight the challenge of fetal brain tractography and structural connectivity assessment and call for innovative image acquisition and analysis methods to mitigate these problems.
Maternal health experiences on respectful and adequate care of immigrant women: A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Topcu Elif Goknur , Terzioglu Merve , Okumus Zihniye Gonca , Savkli Ayse Ozge , Demirkiran Cansu Irem
Published: January 2025

Objective

Migration of pregnant women can be challenging. Access to adequate and respectful care may not be possible. We aimed to assess the maternity care that immigrant women receive and their satisfaction with the care they experience.

Methods

This multicenter prospective study was conducted in a tertiary public hospital and a private hospital in Istanbul between April 2023 and July 2023. A face‐to‐face questionnaire was completed in the postpartum department by obstetricians and translators.

Results

In total, 267 patients participated in this study. A majority of these patients delivered at the public hospital (75%). Approximately 21% of all deliveries in both hospitals were with foreign mothers. A majority of the patients (82%) in the public hospital said they easily reached midwives, nurses, and an obstetrician, while this number rose to 100% in the private hospital. Patients in the private hospital had a higher average number of obstetrician visits compared to those in the public hospital, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Patients in the public hospital were significantly less informed about various maternity topics than those in the private hospital group (P < 0.001 for all topics). Most patients said their ideas and thoughts were taken seriously by the health care providers (80% and 97% in the public and private hospitals, respectively). Almost all patients recommended giving birth in the same hospital (94% vs. 96%, public and private hospitals, respectively), while around 99% recommended giving birth in Turkey.

Conclusion

Immigrant women are overall satisfied with the care they receive in both public and private hospitals. They have easier access to obstetricians in private hospitals, as well as being more informed on maternal health issues. Clinical efforts should focus on patient education in antenatal care.
Reproductive cancer cryopreservation services: Patient information, clinical advice, and support
Authors: Mocanu Edgar , Purandare Nikhil C. , Hull Louise
Published: January 2025

Fertility preservation services must offer information to patients, prior to their visit, so that they have time to read and digest the information, and also have the opportunity to write down any questions they wish to ask at the oncofertility consultation appointment. Appointments must be offered immediately, based on a specifically designed referral form. Each fertility service providing oncology cryopreservation should have a robust map of the patient's journey to include referral, counseling session, medical consultation, informed consent, treatment plan, and follow‐up. Consent for fertility preservation should only be obtained after thorough assessment and discussion with the patient. It must contain basic aspects such as duration of storage, right to dispose or choose alternatives, wishes about stored material if death occurs, and need for patient contact on an annual basis. Appropriate legal advice should be sought in the process of establishing oncology cryopreservation services, most importantly related to patient consent. Ethical and legal aspects of fertility cryopreservation must be considered in the provision of care for cancer patients. Cancer patients attending for cryopreservation have significant concerns in relation to the success of the process, time frame to return for cancer treatment, and safety. Two major nonmedical aspects, coping ability and mortality, are best addressed by counselors and highlight the need to offer this type of psychological support to all cancer patients attending for fertility preservation. The role of genetic counseling is to discuss any potential risks of transmission of the disease to the resulting offspring and offer genetic testing when appropriate. A service based on availability of comprehensive information coupled with in‐house implications counseling will have a positive impact and improve the overall care of patients attending for fertility cryopreservation and this should be standard care.
Fertility preservation in female cancer patients: Surgical procedures
Authors: Roopnarinesingh Rishi , Tulandi Togas
Published: January 2025

The surgical management of cancer patients wishing fertility preservation is multidisciplinary, involving surgeon, anesthetist, hematologist, and nursing and laboratory staff. Many oncology patients have a multitude of medical or surgical conditions that require careful planning of all therapy including surgical removal of reproductive material, either oocytes or ovarian tissue. The significant risks related to either transvaginal or abdominal surgery should be discussed and documented and the final decision to proceed must be balanced against the risks, including death. Multidisciplinary communication for individual case management is the safeguard for patient safe return to cancer therapy.
Verticutting frequency influences lateral spread of two Paspalum species
Authors: Henry G. M. , Johnston C. R. , Tucker K. A.
Published: January 2025

Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) and dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) are perennial warm‐season grasses that readily invade home lawns, sports fields, and golf courses. Research was conducted at the Athens Turfgrass Research and Education Center in Athens, GA, during the summer of 2015 to evaluate the response of Paspalum L. species to verticutting. Weeds were transplanted into bare ground from naturally occurring populations and allowed to mature for 3 weeks prior to trial initiation. Treatments were arranged in a factorial design with two Paspalum L. species by four verticutting treatments in a split‐plot experimental design with four replications. The main plot factor was verticutting treatment (no verticutting, one verticutting event, two verticutting events, and three verticutting events). The subplot factor was Paspalum L. species (bahiagrass or dallisgrass). Verticutting had a negative impact on bahiagrass lateral spread, while dallisgrass responded similarly to verticutting as the non‐verticut check. Significant reductions in bahiagrass plant diameter were observed following two and three verticutting events. The asymmetric response of Paspalum L species to verticutting may be attributed to plant morphology. Bahiagrass rhizomes run along the soil surface, making them susceptible to mechanical damage from verticutting, while dallisgrass rhizomes are protected belowground within the soil profile. Although verticutting alone does not control bahiagrass, the incorporation of verticutting into a bahiagrass chemical control program may improve long‐term control by garnering the benefits of both mechanical damage and enhanced herbicidal activity.
Allelopathic potential of cool‐season turfgrass species as an alternative management strategy for weed control
Authors: Amgain Naba R. , Patton Aaron J. , Liu Wenwen , Cain Alyssa , Kowalewski Alec , Askew Shawn D. , Goncalves Clebson Gomes , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar , Taylor J. W. , McCarty L. B.
Published: January 2025

Herbicides are a common input in turfgrass systems. Selecting turfgrass species that have either the ability to out‐compete weeds or inhibit their germination and establishment is a primary integrated weed management strategy to reduce herbicide use. The objective of this experiment was to assess the allelopathic potential of common cool‐season turfgrass species (Festuca arundinacea, Festuca brevipila, Festuca rubra ssp. rubra, Festuca rubra ssp. littoralis, Festuca rubra ssp. commutata, Lolium perenne, and Poa pratensis) on common turf weeds (Digitaria sanguinalis, Eleusine indica, Poa annua, and Taraxacum officinale). Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of turfgrass competition, leaf extracts, and soil leachates on the germination and growth of weed species. Leaf extracts and soil leachates of turfgrass species generally had more effect on radicle growth than on germination and coleoptile (or hypocotyl) growth. Cool‐season turfgrass leaf extracts did not suppress the gemination of P. annua, D. sanguinalis, or E. indica. P. pratensis leaf extracts were effective in suppressing Taraxacum officinale germination and emergence. Poa annua emergence and development were significantly lower when seeded into dense, established cool‐season turfgrasses. All turfgrass species were equally inhibitory when the turf was dense and competition was present. Limited allelopathic effects were noted in this experiment. Rather than picking a turfgrass species for potential allelopathic effects, these results point to the more effective weed management strategy of maintaining a dense and robust turf sward capable of outcompeting weeds for light, nutrients, and water.
TFAP2A Activates ADAM8 to Promote Lung Adenocarcinoma Angiogenesis Through the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Shen Kai , Shan Zhidong , Li Yingjie , Ji Zeyi , Zhou Luyao , Lv Zhiliang
Published: January 2025

As the most prevalent subtype of lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is closely associated with angiogenesis, which is fundamental to its progression. ADAM8 (A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 8) is an enzyme associated with tumor invasion, while its implications in LUAD angiogenesis are a field that awaits exploration. A thorough investigation into the impacts of ADAM8 on LUAD angiogenesis could contribute to the development of therapeutic drugs for LUAD. Bioinformatics delineated the expression profiles of TFAP2A and ADAM8 in LUAD tissues, focusing on ADAM8‐enriched pathways. qRT‐PCR confirmed their expression in LUAD cells. The CCK‐8 assay was applied to gauge cell viability, and Western blot detected the presence of JAK2/STAT3 pathway proteins and VEGFR‐2 and VEGF. Angiogenesis assays quantified the length of angiogenesis, and dual‐luciferase and Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays verified the TFAP2A‐ADAM8 binding. ADAM8 exhibited high expression in LUAD tissues and cells, with notable enrichment in the VEGF and JAK/STAT pathways. Cellular assays revealed that elevated ADAM8 expression enhanced cell viability, promoted the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3, and boosted angiogenic capacity. The JAK inhibitor Peficitinib reversed the proangiogenic effects induced by ADAM8 overexpression. We also discovered overexpression of TFAP2A, an upstream transcription factor of ADAM8, in LUAD. Rescue experiments indicated that ADAM8 overexpression could counteract the inhibitory effects of TFAP2A knockdown on LUAD angiogenesis. This study reveals for the first time the critical role of ADAM8 in LUAD angiogenesis, demonstrating that TFAP2A promotes JAK/STAT pathway conduction by activating ADAM8. This finding not only provides a new perspective for understanding the pathogenesis of LUAD but also lays the foundation for the development of new therapies targeting ADAM8.
Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Evaluation of Aromatic Sulfonamides as Human Carbonic Anhydrase I, II, IX, and XII Inhibitors and Their Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Abha Mishra KM , Kumari Nutan , Carta Fabrizio , Renzi Gioele , Supuran Claudiu T. , Sethi Kalyan K.
Published: January 2025

This study is focused on the design, synthesis, and evaluation of some sulfonamide derivatives for their inhibitory effects on human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) enzymes I, II, IX, and XII as well as for their antioxidant activity. The purity of the synthesized molecules was confirmed by the HPLC purity analysis and was found in the range of 93%–100%. The inhibition constant (Ki) against hCA I ranged from 0.75 nM to 1972 nM. The sulfonamides inhibited isoform hCA II significantly, with a Ki ranging from 0.09 to 56 nM. Similarly, the inhibitory effects on hCA IX and XII were found with Ki spanning from 27.8 to 2099 nM and 9.43 to 509 nM, respectively. Most of the synthesized compounds showed significant inhibition in comparison to standard drugs such as acetazolamide, ethoxzolamide, zonisamide, methazolamide, dorzolamide, and SLC‐0111. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH assay, with compound 13 showing better antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 54.8 µg/mL, as compared to the standard ascorbic acid (IC50 64.7 µg/mL). The molecular docking studies provided insights into the binding modes of these compounds. The in silico physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic/ADME, and toxicity properties evaluations confirmed favorable drug‐likeness properties, complying with Lipinski's rule. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of these compounds for the treatment of retinal/cerebral edema, glaucoma, edema, epilepsy management, high‐altitude sickness, and cancer.
Potential Correlation Between Hematological Parameters and Palpitation in Outpatients With COVID‐19: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhang Lei , Chen Ting , Wei Ling , Ren Juan , Gong Jing , Yuan Hui , Liu QingJun
Published: January 2025

Background

Research on heart injury caused by COVID‐19 is limited to large observational and retrospective cohort studies using imaging or pathological data. Reported changes in the levels of myocardial markers in severe diseases have been limited, with few studies on mild infections. The effects of COVID‐19 on cardiac function and changes in myocardial marker levels have not yet been reported.

Methods

We analyzed data from outpatient blood samples collected at Beijing Anzhen Hospital during the 2022 COVID‐19 outbreak and used the same periods in 2020 and 2021 as controls, focusing on changes in routine blood tests, coagulation, myocardial markers, and other blood indices in patients with palpitations.

Results

The number of patients with palpitations increased by 4.87‐fold during the COVID‐19 mass outbreak in 2022. The indices of myocardial damage did not show any symptom‐related increases but decreased within the normal range. The proportion of patients with palpitations whose D‐dimer and fibrinogen/fibrin degradation product (FDP) values exceeded the reference ranges increased, as did the numbers of neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets. In this retrospective analysis, we found little change in the myocardial markers in patients with mild COVID‐19.

Conclusions

In patients with mild COVID‐19, attention should be diverted from detecting myocardial markers to changes in coagulation test results, focusing on the levels of coagulation indices to improve circulation and prevent thrombosis.
One‐stage revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Preoperative evaluation, planning and surgical techniques. A review of current concepts
Authors: Giannakis Periklis , Zhuang Sophia T. , Rosenstadt Jacob L. , Marx Robert G.
Published: January 2025

The increased rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears has led to a greater number of revisions. Revision surgery can be performed in one or two stages. Single‐stage revision ACL reconstruction (ssRACLR) may be performed when prior tunnels can be re‐used or bypassed whereas a two‐stage procedure is indicated when bone grafting of dilated tunnels prior to revision is necessary. While both approaches have shown similar functional outcomes and failure risk, ssRACLR is preferred, when possible, to avoid the increased morbidity, inconvenience and cost associated with two‐stage RACLR. In adequately planning for RACLR, a surgeon should investigate the mechanism and timing of injury as well as the previous graft selection, associated pathology and the tunnel placement and size. It is especially important to obtain radiographs and three‐dimensional imaging including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), which allow the surgeon to accurately evaluate the entire tunnel architecture to determine surgical staging. Following a detailed assessment of the pathoanatomy, the surgeon may determine graft and hardware type, tunnel placement and utilization of lateral extra‐articular tenodesis (LET) and other procedures. In our experience, ssRACLR can be carried out for over 90% of revision cases with creative pre‐operative planning using autograft with bone plug(s), divergent tunnel creation on the femur (when necessary) and convergent tunnel creation on the tibia (when appropriate) and suspensory or interference fixation as needed. In revision scenarios, we believe that autografts with bone plugs provide the best opportunity for graft healing and incorporation and that LET can be a useful adjunct to reduce re‐tear rates. The purpose of this review is to report on the preoperative considerations and surgical techniques for performing ssRACLR, as well as the outcomes.

Level of Evidence

Level V expert opinion.
Long‐Term Clinical Outcomes After Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in 49 Individuals Living With HIV (PLWH) and Affected by High‐Risk or Relapsed Lymphoma: A European Experience of Continued Relevance for PLWH
Authors: Zanet Ernesto , Taborelli Martina , Tirelli Umberto , Diez‐Martin Jose , Balsalobre Pascual , Re Alessandro , Rupolo Maurizio , Mazzucato Mario , Cwynarski Kate , Gomez Maria Rosario Varela , Guillerm Gaelle , Serraino Diego , Ciancia Rosanna , Chirumbolo Salvatore , Carbone Antonino , Michieli Mariagrazia
Published: January 2025

Previous reports have indicated that during the era of combination antiretroviral therapy, the major causes of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV (PLWH) were not solely linked to HIV‐related opportunistic infections but also to cancers that were difficult to manage due to HIV‐related immunodeficiency. We investigated whether PLWH who underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for lymphomas experienced significant morbidity over the past thirty years following HIV infection. We conducted a retrospective follow‐up study of 49 PLWH over a 10‐year period following ASCT. We collected survival data, examined the occurrence of long‐term events, assessed CD4 + T‐cell immune recovery, and analysed the correlation between immune recovery and the events experienced by these patients. The data confirmed the significant long‐term effectiveness of ASCT, with an overall survival rate of 78% at 10 years post‐ASCT. Opportunistic infections, which occurred soon after ASCT and were associated with lower CD4 + T‐cell counts, were successfully managed. However, lymphoma relapse, secondary malignancies, cardiovascular disease, and bone disease, which developed years after ASCT, were major causes of morbidity and mortality in this population. Our findings highlight the need for the development and validation of specific tests to predict risk and guide effective interventions for metabolic diseases, secondary malignancies, and lymphoma relapses in PLWH treated with ASCT for lymphoma.