bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Present Situation Analysis and Medium-Term Projections for the Role of African Gas Projects in the Process of Diversification of the Gas Supply to the European Market
Authors:   Institute for African Studies RAS, Lapshina Olga
Published: April 2023

The current global gas markets agenda inspires the interest to the process of diversification of the gas supply chains in order to maintain the energy security of the regions. The article includes the author’s own analysis of the perspectives for obtaining additional volumes of gas supplies from alternative sources, based on Russian and international news sources, thematic reports and publications of research institutes such as African Energy Chamber, the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, and statistical data. The main conclusion from the provided analysis is that, at current situation, expectations of substantial increase in gas supplies from African region in short and middle term are overstated.
The Ethnic Factor in the Activities of African Political Parties
Authors:   Institute for African Studies RAS, Gribanova Valentina , Grishina Nina
Published: April 2023

The article summarizes the characteristics of the active influence of the ethnic factor on political processes in some African countries, where this phenomenon is among the most difficult to solve intra-national problems. The reasons for its persistence include state borders artificially created in colonial times without considering the interests of ethnic groups living in specific territories and inequal opportunities for the representatives of large and small ethnic groups to participate in the socio-political and other spheres of life of African states. Examples of the formation of power structures based on the belonging of statesmen to a certain ethnic group are given in the paper. The authors draw attention to the fact that ethnic ties often permeate all social relations, especially clearly manifested in state administration and the activities of opposition structures, as well as playing an important role in the life of the army. To date, there are long-established mutual negative perceptions and stereotypes in interethnic contacts, which make it extremely difficult for representatives of different ethnic groups to have a dialogue. In addition, traditional relations, which are primarily based on ethnicity, do not fit well into the framework of Western socio-political standards. The relevance of the topic is due to the growing general instability in the majority of multi-ethnic states of the African continent, leading to the aggravation of long-standing problems of the socio-political spectrum. The authors conclude that the role of ethnic ties in the formation and activity of political structures in different regions of Africa is currently very significant.
Burung Besar Aceh : Penetapan Habitat Penting Burung
Authors: Supriatno
Published: April 2023

Upaya konservasi spesies burung dengan status keterancaman punah adalah dengan menjaga habitat yang disukai oleh spesies burung. Burung seringkali dapat dijadikan indikator yang baik untuk menggambarkan keadaan keanekaragaman hayati, yang juga berarti daerah yang penting bagi burung juga penting bagi ﬂora dan fauna lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kesesuaian kawasan Taman Hutan Raya Pocut Meurah Intan sebagai Important Bird Area(IBA).. Parameter yang diukur yaitu keberadaan spesies burung langka, ketersediaan pohon pakan, ketersediaan pohon sarang, keberadaan coverage area (tutupan tajuk), tingkat gangguan antropogenik, jarak hutan ke jalan dan jumlah mangsa yang teramati didalam setiap stasiun pengamatan. Kesimpulan dari penelitiandidapatkan hasil sesuai dengan Important Bird Area (IBA), bahwa kawasan Taman Hutan Raya Pocut Meurah Intan termasuk kedalam IBA kategori Al yaitu spesies yang secara global terancam punah dan A2 yaitu spesies Sebaran Terbatas.
Analisis Kualitas Sanad Hadis Dzikir Setelah Shalat Ashar
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad
Published: April 2023

Dalam Era Milenial seperti ini, tidak sedikit dari umat diseluruh dunia menggantungkan hidupnya dengan lebih banyak mengurusi media sosial. Hal yang sangat miris, namun ini lah yang memang sedang terjadi di zaman sekarang. Manusia lebih banyak menghabiskan waktunya dengan gedjet dibanding dengan mengkaji Al-Qur‟an, Hadis Maupun berdzikir untuk pendekatan diri kepada Allah.
Advance Statements for Black African and Caribbean people (AdStAC): protocol for an implementation study
Authors: Babatunde Abigail , Keene Alex Ruck , Simpson Alan , Gilbert Steven , Stephenson Lucy , Chua Kia-Chong , Owen Gareth , Simpson Adelabu Jonathan , Smith Shubulade , Henderson Claire
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUNDThe UK government committed to legislating for Advance Choice Documents/Advance Statements (ACD/AS) following their recommendation by the Independent Review of the MHA (2018). ACDs/AS are yet to be implemented in routine practice despite evidence and high demand; they are associated with improved therapeutic relationships and a reduction (25%, RR 0.75, CI 0.61-0.93) in compulsory psychiatric admission. Barriers to their implementation are well documented, ranging from low knowledge levels to logistical challenges in accessing the content during episodes of acute care. In the UK this is an issue for Black people, who experience detention rates disproportionately (over three times) higher than those of White British people and have poorer care experiences and outcomes. ACDs/AS allow for Black people to have their concerns heard by mental health professionals in a care system where they often feel their views are ignored. AdStAC aims to improve Black service users’ experiences in mental health services in South London by co-producing and testing an ACD/AS implementation resource with Black service users, mental health professionals and carers/supporters of Black service users. METHODS/DESIGNThe study will take place in South London, England over three phases: 1) formative work through stakeholder workshops; 2) co-production of resources through a consensus development exercise and working groups; and 3) testing of the resources using quality improvement (QI) methods. A lived experience advisory group, staff advisory group and project steering committee will support the study throughout. The implementation resources will comprise: advance choice document/advance statement (ACD/AS) documentation, stakeholder trainings, a manual for mental health professionals to facilitate the processes of creating and revising advance statements, and informatics development. DISCUSSIONThe implementation resources will help increase the likelihood of the new mental health legislation in England being implemented effectively; through aligning evidence-based medicine, policy and law to effectively provide positive clinical, social and financial outcomes for Black people, the National Health Service (NHS) and wider society. This study will likely benefit a wider group of people with severe mental illness, as when marginalised groups who are least engaged, can be supported with these strategies, then the strategies are likely to work for others.
Survival Decisions in a Multidimensional World
Authors: mobbs dean , Wise Toby , Tashjian Sarah M. , Friston Karl , Headley Drew
Published: April 2023

A fundamental challenge for humans—and other animals—is to survive in response to a natural diversity of dangers. Here, we provide a new perspective called Adaptive Threat Coding (ATC), where human defensive behavior is constructed in response to sensory, inferential, internal and subjective states that facilitate survival in a multidimensional landscape of danger. In humans, these states are guided by culture and social norms that influence the defensive response (e.g., avoidance of shame). The ATC model proposes that two contiguous survival strategies emerge: generalization, which is associated with representations that have high dimensionality and which furnish flexible cognitive heuristics (including efficient perceptual and conceptual representations, relations between threats, higher-order imagination, memory) and which converge through the construction of defensive states and via transfer learning. These representations support generalization and ‘explorative’ behaviors including information seeking and curiosity, where the goal is to increase situational awareness that can be used to mitigate current and future threat. Conversely, specialization entails lower dimensional representations, which underpin specialized, ‘exploitative’ behaviors. This specialization facilitates the economic execution of defensive behaviors, that are generated through a combination of learning and innate configuration. We finally propose that systems implicated in specialization and generalization coalesce through active inference and learning—and that this captures a central adaptive feature of human defensive systems; namely, self-preservation in response to a mélange of threats across diverse ecologies.
Measurement Matters: A Commentary on the State of the Science on Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) in Autism Research
Authors: Schiltz Hillary , Williams Zachary J , Zheng Shuting , Kaplan-Kahn Elizabeth A. , Morton Hannah , Rosenau Kashia , Nicolaidis Christina , Sturm Alexandra , Lord Catherine
Published: April 2023

High quality science relies upon psychometrically valid and reliable measurement, yet very few Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) have been developed or thoroughly validated for use with autistic individuals. Based on discussion at the Special Interest Group (SIG) at the 2022 International Society for Autism Research (INSAR) Annual Meeting and collective expertise of the authors, we summarize the current state of autism PROM science. First, we identify current issues in autism PROM research including content and construct operationalization, informant-structure, measure accessibility, and measure validation and generalization. We then enumerate barriers to conducting and disseminating this research, such as a lack of guidance, concerns regarding funding and time, lack of accessible training and professionals with psychometric skills, difficulties collecting large representative samples, and challenges with dissemination. Lastly, we offer future priorities and resources to improve PROMs in autism research including a need to continue to evaluate and develop PROMs for autism using robust methods, prioritize diverse and representative samples, expand the breadth of psychometric properties and techniques, and to consider developing field specific guidelines. We remain extremely optimistic about the future directions of this area of autism research. This work is well positioned to have an immense, positive impact on our scientific understanding of autism and the everyday lives of autistic people and their families.
Memory for Rewards Guides Retrieval
Authors: Nagel Juliane , Morgan David Philip , Gürsoy Çağatay Necati , Sander Samuel , Kern Simon , Feld Gordon
Published: April 2023

Rewards paid out for successful retrieval motivate the formation of long-term memory. However, it has been argued that the Motivated Learning Task does not measure reward effects on memory strength but decision-making during retrieval. We report three large?scale online experiments in healthy participants (N = 200, N = 205, N = 187) that inform this debate. In experiment 1, we found that explicit stimulus-reward associations formed during encoding influence response strategies at retrieval. In experiment 2, reward affected memory strength and decision-making strategies. In experiment 3, reward affected decision?making strategies only. These data support a theoretical framework that assumes that promised rewards not only increase memory strength, but additionally lead to the formation of stimulus-reward associations that influence decisions at retrieval.
The Problem of Hate
Authors: Perreault Gregory P
Published: April 2023

The expansion of hostility against journalists and the mainstreaming of white nationalist ideologies globally necessitate a much-needed elaboration of the problem of hate. In particular, this chapter aims to expose a vulnerability in the production of digital journalism. Journalists are not just bystanders in the problem of hate, but in some ways are unintentionally culpable for the rising visibility of hate. This chapter overviews the text and additionally considers how journalists conceptualize the problem of hate.
The Impact of Research and Development Expenditures on ESG Model in the Global Economy
Authors: Costantiello Alberto , Leogrande Angelo
Published: April 2023

We estimate the value of Research and Development Expenditures as a percentage of GDP-RDE in the context of Environmental, Social and Governance-ESG model. We use the ESG World Bank database. We analyze data from193 countries in the period 2011-2020. We apply a set of econometric techniques i.e. Pooled Ordinary Least Squares-OLS, Panel Data with Random Effects, Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Weighted Least Squares-WLS. We found that the level of RDE is positively associated, among others, to “Nitrous Oxide Emissions” and “Scientific and Technical Journal Articles”, and negatively associated, among others to “Heat Index 35”, “Maximum 5-day Rainfall”. Furthermore, we perform a cluster analysis with the application of the k-Means algorithm optimized with the Elbow Method. The results show the presence of four clusters. Finally, we confront eight different machine-learning algorithms to predict the future value of RDE. We find that Linear Regression is the best predictive algorithms. RDE is expected to growth on average of 0.07% for the analysed countries.
A Review on the Status of Determinants in Tourism Policy
Authors: Kaini Tika Raj , Gautam Sahadev , Thapa Asim
Published: April 2023

This article analyzes the settings, conditions, and practices of tourism policy through descriptive and analytical methods. One important area of Nepali public policy is tourism. Government is the body responsible for developing, implementing, and gathering feedback on new and updated tourist policies. One of the key components of tourism is the private sector. The distinction is that while the private sector develops its plans for profit maximization, government formulates tourist policy, which is also a matter of public policy. Therefore, tourist policy is a service-oriented policy; a significant amount of input from many sources is a prerequisite for tourism policy. This article explores the conditions and policy practices in the tourist sector using secondary data. Tourists might experience pleasure in Nepal, which is a mysterious location. A more legal structure is required for managing unusual objects.
‘रमन क्रिस्तान भयो ?’ कथामा संसक्ति व्यवस्था (Sansakti arrangement in the story 'Raman became a Christian?')
Authors: नेपाल टीकाराम
Published: April 2023

प्रस्तुत लेख सङ्कथन विश्लेषणअन्तर्गत संसक्ति व्यवस्थामा केन्द्रित छ । अमेरिकाली भाषा वैज्ञानिक जेलिग ह्यारिसले सर्वप्रथम सङ्कथनलाई भाषा विज्ञानका क्षेत्रमा प्रयोग गरेको  पाइन्छ । संसक्ति व्यवस्था सङ्कथन विश्लेषणको महŒवपूर्ण आधार हो । रमन क्रिस्तान भयो ? कथा प्रदीप नेपालले लेखेका हुन् । धर्म परिवर्तनले पनि जातीय छुवाछुतको संस्कारलाई रोक्न नसकेको विषयवस्तु रहेको यस कथामा मानव धर्म नै सर्वोपरि हुने भाव व्यक्त गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत लेखमा यस कथालाई संसक्ति व्यवस्थाका दृष्टिले अध्ययन गरिएको छ । यहाँ व्याकरणिक संसक्तिभित्र सन्दर्भन, प्रतिस्थापन, लोप र संयोजनलाई लिइएको छ भने कोशीय संसक्तिमा पुनरावृत्ति, समानार्थकता÷पर्यायता, विपरीतार्थकता, समावेशी–समावेश्य र अनेकार्थीलाई विश्लेषणको आधार मानिएको छ । उपर्युक्त आधारबाट विश्लेषण गर्दा संसक्ति व्यवस्थाका दृष्टिले प्रस्तुत कथा सशक्त र प्रभावकारी रहेको निष्कर्ष यस लेखमा निकालिएको छ ।
सांस्कृतिक आलोकमा ‘अविरल बग्दछ इन्द्रावती’ उपन्यासको विवेचना (Analysis of the novel 'Aviral Baghydya Indravati' in the cultural light)
Authors: उपाध्याय विष्णुप्रभा
Published: April 2023

प्रस्तुत शोधलेख रमेश विकलद्वारा लेखिएको ‘अविरल बग्दछ इन्द्रावती’ उपन्यास (२०४०) मा चित्रित सांस्कृतिक पक्षसँग सम्बद्ध छ । यसमा इन्दावती नदी किनाराका समुदाय र विशेष गरी माझी जातिको सामाजिकस्थान, रहनसहन, भेषभूषा, आम्दानीको स्रोत, अधिकार उपयोग जस्ता विविध पक्षको अध्ययन र विश्लेषण गरी त्यहाँको सांस्कृतिक पक्ष केलाउने प्रयत्न गरिएको छ । संस्कृति परम्परादेखि मानव व्यवहारबाटै निर्मित हुँदै आएको पाइन्छ । संस्कृतिमा परम्परादेखि प्रचलित मूल्य–मान्यताहरूका साथै बदलिँदो परिवेशसँगै सृजित नवीन व्यवहारसमेत थपिँदै जान्छन् । यस लेखमा ‘अविरल बग्दछ इन्द्रावती’ उपन्यासमा प्रस्तुत विषयवस्तुमा आधारित भएर राजनीतिक शक्तिका आडमा उन्मत्त सामन्ती वर्गको क्रूर र आततायी व्यवहार सहँदै आएका निर्धाहरू अन्यायकाविरुद्धमा आवाज उठाउँदै  आफ्नो अधिकार प्राप्त गर्ने हिम्मत देखाएको अवस्थाले सामन्तको अधोगति र निर्धाहरू सङ्गठित  भई सशक्त हुँदै आएको सङ्क्रमणकालीन अवस्थामा देखिने विभिन्न सांस्कृतिक रूपहरूको खोजी गरी समयको गतिसँगैसांस्कृतिक स्वरूप पनि परिवर्तन हुँदै जान्छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष  निकालिएको छ ।
‘पछबरिया टोल’ कथामा सांस्कृतिक स्वरूप (Cultural form in the story 'Pachbaria Tol')
Authors: लामिछाने शारदा
Published: April 2023

प्रस्तुतआलेखमाऋषिराज बरालको‘पछबरिया टोल’कथामासांस्कृतिकसैद्धान्तिक मान्यताकाआधारमा राजनीतिकसंस्कृतिको उद्घाटन गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनले समाज, साहित्य र संस्कृतिकाबिचको सम्बन्धलाई स्पष्ट पार्नुका साथै समाजविकासको कुनै कालखण्डको यथार्थलाई पनि प्रस्तुत गर्ने प्रयास गरेको छ ।यसमापछबरिया टोल कथामा वर्णन गरिएको पूर्वी तराईको दक्षिण सीमावर्ती क्षेत्रमा बस्ने शोषित र उपेक्षितमधेशी समुदायमाहुने गैरलोकतान्त्रिकचुनावीगतिविधिलाई उद्घाटन गर्नुका साथै नेपाली समाजकाप्रभुत्वशालीवर्गद्वारा अधीनस्थवर्गमाथि गरिने अन्याय, अत्याचार, शोषण, उत्पीडनको अवस्थालाई चित्रण गर्नु यस लेखको उद्देश्य हो ।प्रस्तुतलेख तयार पार्नका लागिआवश्यक सामग्रीको सङ्कलन पुस्तकालयविधिको उपयोग गरी प्राथमिक र द्वितीयक स्रोतबाट गरिएको छ भने सांस्कृतिकअध्ययन पद्धतिको निर्माण गरी वर्गगत संस्कृति, राजनीतिक संस्कृति, परिवेशगत संस्कृति, प्रभुत्व र प्रतिरोधको अवस्थालाई विश्लेषणको आधार बनाइएको छ ।मूलधारको संस्कृतिले परिधीय संस्कृतिमाथि प्रभुत्व कायम राख्न अनेकौँषडयन्त्र र जालझेल गर्ने गर्दछ र परिधीय संस्कृतिले पनिप्रभुत्वशाली संस्कृतिकाविरुद्धमा बिस्तारै अवाजउठाउन थालेका छन् भन्ने नै प्रस्तुत लेखको मूलनिष्कर्ष हो ।
Nepal-China Military Relation
Authors: Basnyat Laxmi
Published: April 2023

Any military relation with government to government or International or Regional Organizations would be the part of National Diplomacy and interests. In other words, it is Track Two diplomacy after Track One Diplomacy of the government. Bilateral Military relations consists of those activities of a government which are primarily concerned with its armed forces and development assistances too. The histories of bilateral military relations would be sweet and sour. Accordingly, Nepal-China military realties consists of many confrontations and supports. Nepal-China relation is a milestone in the diplomatic history of Nepal. Diplomatic relation is the combination of economic, trade and transit, cultural, military and many more aspects. Nepal – China (Sino-Nepal) Military Relation also begins since our diplomatic history with China. Any diplomatic movement and strategy directly relate with personal security and National security. Nepal –China Relations has two folds; Nepal used to have separate diplomatic relations with China and Tibet up to October 1950. So far, China claims that Tibet was its own part always and never an independent. We could find some events in Sino – Nepal Military relation. Which have been written in many documents, books, and journals. However, an exact document, proofs, archives lack to cover Sino-Nepal Military Relation from ancient period onwards. Background of Sino - Nepal relation, Nepal –Tibet Wars, Nepal –China War, are the main aspects to be highlighted. This article would be based on Qualitative research design applying secondary sources and interpretation of data is content analysis as well as based on Bilateral Relation Theory. Finding of the research paper is to create the separate domain as Nepal-China military relation based on military perspective. The limitation of this paper would be the only major bilateral military confrontations after 1744.
नेपालको तराईका खवास जातिको सामाजिक – सांस्कृतिक अवस्था
Authors: माझी माेहन लाल
Published: April 2023

नेपालको प्राचीन समयमा आदिवासी जनजातिहरू मध्येको खवास जाति हो । यो जातिको आदि उत्पति पर्वतमा नै थियो । खवास अनुभूति अनुसार निजहरु प्रारम्भ क्षत्रीय नै थियो । यो जाति नेपाली हो । यस जातिको आफ्नै मातृभाषा रहेको छ । यो जाति नेपालको तराई भागमा समतल भूमिमा अन्य तराई जनजाति सरह निकै लामो समय देखि बसोवास गर्दै आएको पाइन्छ । यस जातिलाई तराईवासी पिछिडिएको जाति भनिन्छ । यस जातिको सामाजिक र सांस्कृतिक अवस्थाकोे राष्ट्रिय स्तरमा परिचय गराउन र त्यस विषयमा विविध पक्ष उल्लेख गरिएकाे छ ।अध्ययन तथा खोज गर्ने क्रममा प्राथमिक स्रोत (primary source) तथा द्वितीय स्रोत (secondary source), दुवै स्रोतहरूको प्रयोग गरिएको भए तापनि मुलतः प्राथमिक स्रोत (primary source) बाट अध्ययन गरिएको छ । प्राथमिक तथ्याङ्क संकलन विधिलाई नै महत्वपूर्ण मानिएको छ । प्राथमिक स्रोतका लागि वसोवास क्षेत्रका वुढापाका, शिक्षित, युवा, महिला र विशेष रूपमा राजनीतिक व्यक्ति र जनप्रतिनिधि (महिला तथा पुरूष) हरूसँग प्रत्यक्ष रूपमा प्रश्नहरू गरी अन्तरवार्ता लिइएको छ । व्यक्तिगत र सामूहिकमा सामाजिक र साँस्कृतिक अवस्थाको वारेमा  अन्तरवार्ता समेत गरिएको छ । यो खवास जातिको उत्पत्ति, सांस्कृतिक विकास र सामाजिक अवस्थामा भएको परिवर्तन बारेमा विश्लेशण गरिएकोे छ ।
असंलग्न आन्दोलनमा नेपाल
Authors: राई राम कुमार
Published: April 2023

यस लेखको मुख्य ध्येय असंलग्न आन्दोलनमा नेपालको सहभागिता र यसको उपलब्धि बारे अध्ययन गर्ने रहेको छ । दोस्रो विश्व युद्ध पश्चात सुरु भएको शित युद्ध ताका गठित यस आन्दोलनको बारेमा वर्तमान विश्व रङ्गमञ्चमा यसको सान्र्दभिकता भूमिकालाई व्याख्या गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत लेखमा वर्तमान विश्वमा शान्तिपूर्ण सहअस्तित्वको सिद्धान्तलाई सर्वीपरि मान्दै यसैका आधारमा विकासशील र विकासोन्मुख मुलुकहरुको सामाजिक, आर्थिक, सांस्कृतिक र राजनीतिक व्यवस्थालाई सहि दिशातर्फ लैजान सकिन्छ भन्ने ठहर गरिएको छ । नेपालको असंलग्न आन्दोलनमा निरन्तर रुपमा प्रतिनिधित्व र सहभागिताको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यो लेख गुणात्मक, विश्लेषणात्मक तथा वर्णात्मक पद्धतिमा आधारित रहेको छ । स्रोत सामाग्रीको संकलन गुणात्मक ९त्तगबष्तिबतष्खभ० प्रकृतिको रहेको छ । यस लेखमा दोस्रो तहको स्रोतको आधारमा तथ्यहरुको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । विकासोन्मुख देशहरुले शक्ति राष्ट्रहरुको हस्तक्षेप र आर्थिक, वैचारिक प्रभाववाट स्वतन्त्र रहन शान्तिपूर्ण सहअस्तित्वको भावनालाई जीवन्त राख्न पनि असंलग्न आन्दोलनको महत्व र आवश्यकतालाई आजको विश्व परिवेशमा सक्रिय रुपमा कायम गर्नु पर्दछ भन्ने अथार्थ खोज्ने प्रयास गरिएको छ । आजको २१ औं शताब्दीमा आइपुग्दा, असंलग्न आन्दोलनमा पञ्चशीलको (Panchasheel) सिद्धान्त, नीति र उद्देश्यको आवश्यकता रहेको छ । आजको बहुध्रुविय विश्वमा असंलग्न आन्दोलनको औचित्य र आवश्क्ता अझ प्रभावकारी हुने देखिएको छ ।
Vietnam and its international commitments and obligations of human rights: The case of the individual rights to life, liberty, and personal security in the time of COVID-19
Authors:   Director General of International Cooperation Department, Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics, 135 Nguyen Phong Sac Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Hoang Van Nghia , Pham Thi Van Anh ,   Dean of the Faculty of Law, Soc Trang Provincial Political School, 88 Le Hong Phong Street, Ward 3, Soc Trang Provine, Vietnam
Published: April 2023

The respect, protection, and fulfilment of human rights has always been one of the foremost priorities of countries. The primary responsibility of such belongs to the state as recognized in international and national legal regulations. Indeed, international and national law, especially international human rights law, recognizes that in certain circumstances such as emergency cases human rights can be limited, temporarily restricted, temporarily suspended, or, based on the three basic reasons: (1) public security and public order, (2) public health and social ethics, and (3) the rights and interests of others. These restrictions must be established by law and under the principles of the rule of law, democracy, openness, transparency, and accountability. The vulnerability of restricting human rights during emergencies, such as the prevention of COVID-19 for public health reasons during the recent widespread pandemic, shows need and urgency for the theory and practice of crisis management and the guarantee of human rights on a global, regional, and national scale. Therefore, this article contributes to the analysis and interpretation of the theoretical and practical basis for ensuring human rights in emergency situations through Vietnamese legal provisions and practices of the right to life in time of COVID-19.
Behaviours of restaurants in a beef value chain in Dien Bien province
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Rural Development, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Quang Bui Van , Duong Nga Nguyen Thi ,   Faculty of Economics and Rural Development, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Hung Pham Van ,   Faculty of Economics and Rural Development, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Ha Duong Nam ,   Faculty of Economics and Rural Development, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Cuong Tran The ,   Faculty of Economics and Rural Development, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Tuan Han Anh ,   Department of System Research and Livestock Environment, National Institute of Animal Science, 9 Tan Phong Street, Thuy Phuong Commune, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Thanh Huyen Le Thi ,   Department of System Research and Livestock Environment, National Institute of Animal Science, 9 Tan Phong Street, Thuy Phuong Commune, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Ives Stephen ,   College of Business and Economics, University of Tasmania, Centenary Building, Grosvenor Street, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia
Published: April 2023

This study explores the behaviours of restaurants and food stores as meat consumption agents in the beef value chain in Dien Bien province by utilising survey data and focus group discussions (FGDs) with restaurant and eatery owners in Dien Bien Phu city and the town of Tuan Giao. Descriptive statistics, T-tests, and Chi-squared tests are used to analyse the data. The research results showed that restaurants and eateries use fresh beef and imported beef. They buy fresh beef daily and mainly from slaughterhouses, wholesalers, and retailers. The important criteria for beef selection are freshness, stickiness, and colour, and owners prefer local beef because it is more suitable for local dishes. Restaurants and eateries encounter problems such as the supply, quality, as well as high prices of beef. On that basis, this article proposes several solutions related to supply development as well as building linkages to ensure traceability.
Climate justice in Vietnam’s green transformation: A three-dimensional analysis of the green growth and climate change mitigation sectors
Authors:   Research Associate, Leuven International and European Studies (LINES), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, Nguyen Hoang Khoi
Published: April 2023

Vietnam has been making great strides in promoting a low-carbon development pathway to ensure high growth rates, environmental protection, and fulfilment of international climate change commitments. These efforts are concretized in the form of a green transformation policy framework of which the most important components are the National Green Growth Strategy for the period 2021-2030 and the National Climate Change Strategy for the period up to 2050. As these policies employ an integrated approach that aim to achieve economic growth and climate change mitigation simultaneously, there is a possibility that the social pillar of sustainable development may be neglected, potentially leading to issues with equity and fairness in planning and implementing concrete missions and tasks. This article seeks to determine whether this is the case by assessing how three dimensions of climate justice -namely recognition justice, procedural justice and distributive justice - are reflected in the Green Growth and Climate Change Strategies.
Learning Circles for Advanced Professional Development in Evaluation
Authors: Kishchuk Natalie , Gauthier Benoît , Roy Simon N. , Borys Shelley
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Studies of Canadian evaluators have consistently shown them to be dissatisfied with opportunities for advanced training, suggesting a need to diversify the forms of professional development available to seasoned evaluators. This article reports on a trial implementation of an alternative learning model: learning circles for advanced professional development in evaluation. This model is grounded in approaches drawn from self-directed learning, self-improvement movements, adult and popular education, quality improvement, and professional journal clubs. Learning circles bring together experienced practitioners in structured collaborative learning cycles about topics of mutual interest. We experimented with an evaluation learning circle over several cycles, and report on what we learned about purpose, process, and outcomes for professional development. We hope that this model will be of interest to other evaluators, especially in the context of the competency maintenance requirements of the CE designation.
Clarissa, by the Numbers: Novel Experience and the Aesthetics of Quantification
Authors: Hershinow Stephanie Insley
Published: April 2023

This essay rethinks a digital humanities approach to literary-historical research by arguing that data is more compatible with narrative than has been heretofore suggested. Taking Samuel Richardson’s Clarissa (1747–48) as its case study, it examines enumeration as a form of literary characterization in the British novel, a process that conveys meaning through an accounting of time spent in everyday life. This approach to character proposes it is through writing, quantifying, and reviewing that character manifests, rather than as a divulgence of privacy or interiority.
Effects of Magneto Active Compensation of Geomagnetic Field on Heart Rate Variability of Healthy Males
Authors: Janashia K. , Tvildiani L. , Tsibadze T. , Invia N. , Kukhianidze V. K. , Ramishvil G.
Published: April 2023

Geomagnetic field (GMF) is characterized by a strength of a few nT; however, during geomagnetic storms (GMSs), it can be sharply increased hundreds of times and pose a serious threat to magneto-sensitive people. A key scientific question is: How to compensate the possible negative influence of GMSs. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of magneto-active compensation (MAC) of GMF for its future use for protection from the negative influence of GMSs. The measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) on 25 healthy young male volunteers was carried out in the laboratory using the MAC at different levels of outdoor geomagnetic activity (GMA). The geomagnetic K-index was used to characterize the magnitude of GMSs; volunteers were tested during quiet magnetic days (K=1-3), during days with K=4 and during days with GMSs (K≥5). During quiet magnetic days, the comparison between HRV initial values with values measured under GMS compensation mode (CM) did not reveal any changes. On days with K=4 some HRV indices shifted from their initial values, but it was statistically not significant. However, on days with GMSs statistically significant changes in SDNN (p=0.033) and LF/HF (p=0.034) indices of HRV were observed in the GMS CM compared to their initial values. The experiments showed that GMSs cause a sensitive reaction of the heart rate regulatory mechanism, the effect of which can be cancelled in the GMS CM. The efficiency of the used MAC technology is supported by the results presented in this paper.
Prediction of Amplitude of Solar Cycle 25 using Polar Field Strength at the Cycle Minimum
Authors: Pishkalo M.I.
Published: April 2023

Observed strength of the Sun’s polar magnetic field is in anti-correlation with relative sunspot number in the 11- year solar cycle. We studied cross-correlation between smoothed monthly sunspot number and modulus of smoothed polar magnetic field strength for different time lags. Maximal correlation coefficient (0.689) is calculated for the time shift of approximately 5.2 years. Using observed strength of polar magnetic field as precursor we have forecasted amplitude of the next solar cycle 25. It was found that predicted amplitude of solar cycle 25 is 116  12 or 130  26 depending on the parameter we used as precursor: 1) maximal value of modulus of smoothed strength of mean polar field near the cycle minimum or 2) modulus of mean polar field strength averaged one year just before the cycle minimum, respectively.
Sleep-wake Disturbance following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Trajectory and Correlates
Authors: Matthews Ellyn E. , Veeraputhiran Muthu , Gernat Jennifer , Yarlagadda Naveen , Bimali Milan , Matthews Ellyn E.
Published: April 2023

Adults undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant (HSCT) experience progressive physical and psychosocial distress in early stages post-HSCT, including sleep-wake disturbance (SWD), psychological distress, and fatigue. We conducted a longitudinal feasibility study to determine severity/trajectory of SWDs and investigated relationships among actigraphic sleep parameters, sleepiness, insomnia severity, fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), anxiety, depression, and fatigue at 100 (T1), 150 (T2), and 180 days (T3) post-HSCT. Eight adults enrolled. Median total sleep time (TST) at T1–T3 days was adequate (7.24, 7.17, and 7.09 hours), but sleep efficiency (SE) was suboptimal (78.9%, 78.5%, 83.67%). Median Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores indicated minimal drowsiness and subclinical insomnia at T1–T3. Median FCR Inventory (FCRI) scores indicate diminishing FCR over time. Median scores across time for anxiety (48.05, 50.2, and 44.1) and depression (44.9, 41, and 41) suggest moderate–mild distress with slight fluctuations. Surprisingly, fatigue scores increased from T1–T3 (46, 50.9, and 52.1). Increases in ISI and FCRI scores were associated with modest increases in anxiety. Findings suggest the need to evaluate and address sleep, psychological distress, and fatigue in HSCT recipients. Larger studies to confirm prevalence of SWD and association with psychological factors are warranted.
Frequency of rs2228570 single nucleotide polymorphism of Vitamin-D Receptor (VDR) gene among the Kazakh ethnic group
Authors: Protas V.V. , Pogossyan G.P. , Li K.G. , Danilenko M.P.
Published: April 2023

The article presents the results of the study of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene rs2228570 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes and individual alleles frequency among the Kazakh ethnic group representatives living in the Karaganda region. This SNP was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan technology. The study relevance is due to the fact that genetic variations in rs2228570 affect the synthesis of the VDR protein and its activity as a transcription factor that regulates the expression of other genes. This mechanism determines the association of individual rs2228570 genotypes or alleles with susceptibility, course, and outcomes of various diseases. The polymorphism frequency may be depending on ethnicity. According to the study results, the most common genotypes of rs2228570 SNP among the Kazakhs were AG (32.8 %) and GG (25.2 %). The rarest are homozygotes TT (1.7 %) and CC (0.8 %). The frequency of all rs2228570 alleles was detected simultaneously in the present study for the first time. G became the predominant allele (51.3 %), less common was A (31.0 %), and the C and T alleles were the rarest (11.8 % and 5.9 %, respectively). The potential value of this SNP further study as a possible factor influencing the body’s susceptibility to various diseases, including COVID-19, is shown.
О находке клещей Rhipicephalus leporis (Arai, Ixodidae) в Южном Прибалхашье
Authors: Саякова З.З. , Есжанов А.Б.
Published: April 2023

Иксодовые клещи являются переносчиками многих трансмиссивных инфекций, в том числе особо опасных. Хотя медицинское и ветеринарное значение этой группы кровососущих членистоногих трудно переоценить, тем не менее, известно, что интенсивное изучение фауны иксодовых клещей Ка-захстана пришлось на советский период, а после распада СССР исследования фауны и систематики иксодовых клещей носили лишь эпизодический характер. Сегодня фауна иксодовых клещей Респуб-лики Казахстан насчитывает 42 вида кровососущих паукообразных, при этом зачастую сведения по некоторым видам клещей носят фрагментарный характер. Так, авторами в результате обследования, проведенного на территории Иле-Балхашского резервата на флаг, всего было собрано 65 экземпляров иксодовых клещей. В ходе идентификации удалось установить, что собранные клещи принадлежали к роду Rhipicephalus, а при видовой дифференциации все собранные клещи оказались Rh. leporis. Клещи концентрировались в основном вокруг жилых помещений, но наибольшая численность была отмечена около вольера, где содержались бухарские олени (Cervus elaphus bactrianus). Примечательным являет-ся тот факт, что ранее этот вид клеща для данной территории не указывался, и обнаружен авторами здесь впервые. Получение новых сведений о фауне иксодовых клещей, обитающих на территории резервата «Иле-Балхаш», может иметь важную роль для планируемой интродукции амурского тигра (Panthera tigris tigris), поскольку иксодовые клещи переносят большое количество зоонозных заболеваний. Таким образом, это будет способствовать комплексной оценке рисков для интродукции тигра и может повысить успех планируемого мероприятия.
The impact of the green economy on the urban ecosystem of Almaty city
Authors: Sadyrova G.A. , Sadyrov G.A. , Sadyr G.A. , Sadyrova G.A.
Published: April 2023

The article presents the impact of the green economy on the urbanized ecosystem of the city of Almaty. The concept of green economy is considered as sustainable development with minimal risks to the environment and the reduction of the negative impact of human economic activity on the environment, as well as the d e-velopment of this direction in the country and, in particular, in the city of Almaty. A phased process of transition to a green economy is shown, the implementation of the “Zhasyl Almaty” project, where, according to the concept of transition to a green economy, according to the concept of “smart cities”, one of the main goals of the development of Almaty is to preserve natural resources, comfortable living conditions for the population and improve the quality of life in all areas of Almaty, which is the main requirement of a green economy. In recent years, the growth of new buildings in the city of Almaty has intensified the processes of anthrop o-genic impact on the urban flora. The existing experience of green building in the city of Almaty does not fully take into account the specific environmental conditions of various districts of the city and the level of their technogenic pollution, and the issues of the state of plantations in residential and industrial areas, the r e-sistance of vegetation to the impact of the urban environment are ignored. Due to the increasing density of urban development with multi-storey buildings (more than 20 floors), it is becoming increasingly difficult to realize the concept of a green city of Almaty.
A literary review on the hydroponic method of growing some medicinal plants
Authors: Alimzhanova A.Zh. , Tleukenova S.U. , Kulikova G.I. , Zinner N.S.
Published: April 2023

An important component in the daily preparation of nutritious food, as well as in the preservation of products, is spicy-aromatic plants. Essential oils and other physiologically active substances included in their composition excite the activity of the gustatory and digestive organs, cause appetite, enhance digestibility, favorably affect metabolism, the activity of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, and the general condition of a person. In order to obtain renewable raw materials that preserve the group chemical composition and biological activity, this review examines a promising direction of a biotechnological method for obtaining a product — hydroponics. Some advantages of using this method in the cultivation of medicinal plants have been identi-fied. In most hydroponic systems, there is constant access to the roots, which allows you to solve possible problems with pathogens. It was found that if the health of the plant is strengthened, then productivity and yield will increase. And in the field of nutrition, many analyzes have been carried out, which consistently demonstrate a large, often twofold increase in the amount of vitamins and mineral salts. This also applies to the active substances in medicinal plants. The directions of further study are also clearly defined.
Evaluation and comparison of three methоds оf DNA extractiоn frоm Kazakh horse of the type Zhabe
Authors: Kabylbekova D.I. , Khamzina Zh. , Aubakirova K.P. , Ibadullayeva A.A.
Published: April 2023

Horse breeding is one of the main directions in the livestock industry of Kazakhstan. Horse breeding is an economically important part of breeding, as horses have a high productive value. The purpose of this article was to determine the most optimal from the point of view of economic efficiency of the scientific DNA isolation method for genotyping of the Kazakh horse. In this study, we performed the first step (DNA extraction) in genotyping the DNA of the Kazakh horse to further determine the signs of growth, meat and dairy productivity. Nowadays, new generation sequencing technologies have made scientifi c and technological progress in research. Obtaining highly concentrated and non-contaminated DNA is the main stage of successful analysis. For further genetic studies, a concentration of 50 ng/ml is required, which is considered minimal. In the study, three different DNA extraction methods from tissue were subjected to comparative analysis in order to evaluate and identify the most effective DNA extraction method from horse ear tips. Real-time PCR amplification based on gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometric measurements (Nano Drop) were used to evaluate the isolated DNA's quality and quantity. In addition, energy consumption, time, as well as the cost of analysis were evaluated. According to the obtained results, extraction using the commercial kit protocol was simple to use, effective, but relatively expensive. The phenol-chloroform and CTAB methods are the same in terms of DNA quality, but given the danger of the phenol component used in the phenol-chloroform method, the CTAB method turned out to be the most acceptable for genotyping, because it is safe, not expensive and effective.
PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNANCE AND CONTROL IN THE STUDY AND USE OF SUBSOIL REGIONAL LEVEL
Authors:   National University of Water and Environmental Engineering (NUWEE), Ukraine, Malanchuk Larisa
Published: April 2023

The article examines the processes of the transition of the Ukrainian economy to the principles of market management, which call for the need to review and improve the system of nature management relations, including property relations in the field of subsoil use, management, protection and control. In the article the processes of transition of economy of Ukraine are examined he principles of market menage, that cause the necessity of revision and perfection of the system of relations of using nature, including the relations of property in the field of the use of bowels of the earth, their management, guard and control. Key words: natural resources, subsoil, minerals, management, control, subsoil use, mineral raw materials, state control, legislation, law.
МODELING OF THE HYDROMECHANICAL PROCESSES OF SLURRY FORMATION AND MOVEMENT DURING HYDROMINING OF ZEOLITE-SMECTITE TUFFS
Authors:   National University of Water and Environmental Engineering (NUWEE), Ukraine, Stets Sergii
Published: April 2023

The materials of theoretical and practical researches are aimed at improvement of mathematical models of individual technological operations of the technology of underground development of zeolite-smectite tuff deposits of the Rivne-Volyn region by the hydraulic well method, taking into account the dominant factors of the hydraulic mining process. The subject of the research is the parameters of hydrodynamic erosion of zeolitesmectite tuffs, the movement of the slurry in the conditions of the mining chamber and the transportation of the mineral. The work uses a comprehensive research method, which includes a system analysis and generalization of the experience of borehole hydromining, physical modeling of hydrodynamic processes, applied and bench research using industrial samples of technological equipment, as well as a mathematical modeling method - to establish dependencies between parameters well hydraulic mining. During the research and development of hydrodynamic mathematical models, the method of analyzing the processes of pulp flow over a conical surface was used, in which the stationary parameters of the flow process were determined and the influence of various factors on the uneven movement of slurry was investigated. In the proposed mathematical models, the dynamic characteristics of the process are sufficiently fully considered, and the parameters of the roughness of the solid boundary of the flow are also taken into account. On the basis of the conducted research, recommendations were developed for the use of well hydrotechnology depending on the state of the deposit and the composition of the rock, the method of selecting the parameters of the hydro-fracturing process and self-draining hydraulic transportation of zeolite-smectite tuffs along the bottom of the extraction chamber was investigated and improved. Proposed technological solutions for the installation of round-shaped mining chambers in thick layers of rock.
Möbius Syndrome and Cerebellar Dysplasia: A Novel Association
Authors: Rodrigues E. , Falkner N.M. , Lakshmanan R. , Williams S. , Warne R.
Published: April 2023

We present a case of a 4-month-old infant with abnormal eye movements, unusual flat facies, and lack of expression during crying, clinically diagnosed with Möbius syndrome. MR imaging demonstrated absent facial and abducens nerves. A dysplastic right cerebellar hemisphere containing
a cleft and multiple clustered cysts was also observed, which, to our knowledge, represents the first documented case of an association between Möbius syndrome and cerebellar dysplasia. A review of pertinent literature is provided.
Radiologist’s Guide to Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Lum M.A. , Reeve G.S. , Phillips C.D. , Strauss S.B.
Published: April 2023

Orthognathic surgery, which focuses on improving maxillomandibular alignment, is increasingly used for both functional and cosmetic purposes. Common indications include malocclusion, obstructive sleep apnea, and congenital dentofacial anomalies. Due to the prevalence of in-office imaging
performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons, radiologists are not routinely involved in the perioperative evaluation of patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. An understanding of modern surgical techniques and anatomy is necessary to recognize the normal and abnormal postsurgical findings.Learning
Objective: To familiarize radiologists with the role of imaging in the postoperative evaluation after orthognathic surgery and the imaging appearance of both common and rare complications
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR EKSTRAK DAUN GAMAL (Gliricidia sepium) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KANGKUNG DARAT (Ipomoea reptans Poir.)
Authors: Razali Imam , Fithria Dewi
Published: April 2023

Penelitian pengaruh  pemberian  pupuk  organik  cair  ekstrak  daun gamal (Gliricidia sepium) terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kangkung darat (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) dilakukan di Desa Alue Ambang, Kecamatan Teunom, Kabupaten Aceh Jaya dimulai dari bulan Agustus sampai November 2022. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non faktorial yang terdiri dari 3 taraf perlakuan dan 3 ulangan, sehingga diperoleh 9 unit percobaan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah G0 (kontrol/tanpa perlakuan), G1 (20 ml POC.1-1 air), dan G2 (25 ml POC.1-1 air). Hasil penelitian ini memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman 14 HST dengan perlakuan G2 (25 ml POC.1-1 air).

Kata kunci: ekstrak daun gamal, konsentrasi, tanaman kangkung