bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internal control models: Historical transformations and development prospects
Authors: SAFONOVA Margarita F. , REZNICHENKO Sergei M.
Published: November 2023

Subject. This article examines the issue of transformation of the system and models of internal control as a guarantor of the economic security of organizations, regions and countries in the historical aspect and in relation to global changes in the world economy.
Objectives. The article aims to determine further ways of development of internal control models and their conceptual foundations, taking into account the realities of the time.
Methods. For the study, we used case and chronological analyses, and data systematization.
Results. The article finds that internal control models are subject to continuous transformation, taking into account external economic influences and the development of automation tools. This unlocks the process synergies, in other words, more complex processes taking place in the economy and crisis phenomena that affect the conditions for the functioning of companies, make it necessary to look for internal reserves to ensure the continuity of the activities of an economic entity through constant control of risks and the search for options for their minimization.
Conclusions and Relevance. The article concludes that the most popular models of internal control are those that are based on a process-oriented approach and continuous analysis of business processes of an economic entity, with further processing of the information obtained and transformation into a system-oriented model of internal control aimed at finding internal reserves. The results of the study can be used in the theory and practice of internal control, as well as for further scientific developments and practical application.
Institutional environment for developing regional public-private partnership
Authors: PANIKAROVA Svetlana V. , KUKLINOV Mikhail L.
Published: November 2023

Subject. This article discusses the issues of development of the budget system of Russia and the cooperation between public authorities and the business community.
Objectives. The article aims to analyze expert assessments of the quality of the institutional environment of public-private partnership in the Sverdlovsk Oblast.
Methods. For the study, we used a statistical analysis.
Results. The article finds that the experts highly appreciated the quality of information and consulting activities in the framework of the development of the public-private partnership system in the Sverdlovsk Oblast, and also notes the low quality of interdepartmental cooperation in the process of development and implementation of projects.
Conclusions. The deficiencies of the institutional environment of public-private partnership in the Sverdlovsk Oblast are mainly due to the excessive centralization of the Russian budget system.
Revitalization Approaches to Maximize Heritage Urban DNA Characteristics in Declined Cities: Foah City as a Case Study
Authors: Youssef Mohamed M , Esaam Rowida
Published: November 2023

Revitalization is an important process in action area planning, especially in the heritage sites located within urban area contexts. Varied techniques and tools of revitalization are applied at various spatial levels, some are suitable for the urban scope, and others suit the architectural building scope. Urban DNA is a term used academically to reflect social, economic, and urban characteristics but has a different interpretation that depends on the spatial scale and context. In action areas, urban DNA refers to the essential visual, social, economic, and physical characteristics that preserve the vital structure of an urban area. Heritage areas are vital in a city structure, in the journey of maximizing the urban DNA chrematistics of heritage sites, sometimes the urban DNA is lost in the process. This paper identifies and encapsulates the importance of Urban DNA in heritage site considerations in the revitalization process within heritage urban context to maximize the socio-economic and visual impacts, especially in declined cities such as Foah City the case study in the Nile Delta region in Egypt. The results pinpoint the most effective urban DNA structure for the declined Foah Heritage Center, despite the city's importance as a ranked third of heritage cities in the country.
Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Reciprocal Teaching Strategies for Improving High School Students’ Reading Skills
Authors: Mawlood Alia Abdullah , Abbas Nada Jabbar
Published: November 2023

The following study focuses on surveying teachers’ attitudes towards the four reciprocal teaching strategies (RTSs) which include; prediction, clarifying, questioning, and summarization in EFL high school classes by English Language teachers in Erbil city. Achieving this objective, the researcher needs to understand the difficulties that both teachers and students face in understanding the contents of reading texts. The present study attempts to evaluate high school teachers’ attitudes (negative or positive) towards the four RTS teaching strategies, and to detect the extent to which they apply such strategies in their teaching sessions. This is mandatory since reading comprehension is very essential skill for high school students who will move to the post-secondary (university) stage that needs more effort for learning the language and overcoming reading obstacles. A quantitative method has been used for the sake of achieving the aims of the study, thus a teachers questionnaire was distributed on One hundred EFL high school teachers were which represent the sample of the study .in addition , an observation checklist was used to observe twenty-five EFL teachers to find out the way they are using the four strategies of RTSs. The teachers were randomly selected in public high schools in Erbil Directorate of Education. The data of the current study were analyzed by using SPSS version (22). The findings of this current study for both tools reveal the real attitudes of secondary school teachers of English, and the extent to which they deal with the four reciprocal strategies while teaching reading. Finally, for helping teachers and students to be familiarized with the four reciprocal teaching strategies, a number of useful recommendations are suggested. Also, a number of suggestions for further studies are presented.
Consistency by deletion in Al-Zahrawaen - Al-Baqarah and Al Imran-
Authors: أحمد شهلاء فتاح , محمد عدنان أمين
Published: November 2023

The Noble Qur’an was revealed in Arabic, and it has attracted the attention of scholars and researchers; So they searched its sciences and secrets, and sects and grammatical schools were appeared, and the goal was to serve the language of the Holy Book. This interest has maintained its continuity and permanence to this day. This study aims to follow this academic holly jorney to serve this holly language through studying ( consistency by omission - in the light of studying combining text based on defining this phenomenon -consistency by omission. Then the types of this omission were mentioned based on the application of it by omiting the noun, omitting the verb and the sentence, with evidence from the two honorable Al-Zahraween.
Investigating Translation Challenges of English Affixations in Medical Leaflets into Arabic
Authors: Hussein Al-Jubori Gailan Mahmoud
Published: November 2023

This paper sheds light on the challenges faced by the student translators when they translate certain affixations in medical texts. It is difficult to understand the medical words without knowing the meaning of affixations attached to them because they have their own meanings and give a scientific reference to the words attach to. The study hypothesizes that student translators have limited knowledge and awareness of such affixations in the medical context especially the leaflets which are widely used in medicines. This paper also investigates the challenges those translators face when they manage the translation of the affixations into Arabic. The data are taken from different medical leaflets and translated into Arabic due to certain strategies used by the translators from English into Arabic. This paper shows to what extent the translation is clear for the TT readers and convey the meaning adequately. In this paper, Vinay and Darbelnet strategies have been adopted in this study to see how the meaning of affixations in the ST is conveyed in TT.
Basic forms (genres) of literature and the relationship between poetry and drama
Authors: Mahmood Fazil Majid , Ali Aram Omer
Published: November 2023

The research entitled (Basic Forms of Literature and the Relationship between Poetry and Drama) is an attempt to present accurate information about the genres of literature and point out the differences and relationships between them. In order to find the relationship between poetry and drama, which is the main purpose of our research, the beginnings of distinguishing literary genres go back to Aristotle's book on the art of poetry. That is, the classification that existed from the beginning until the Middle Ages dates back to the time of Aristotle, but what exists today, although there are differences between them, there are many commonalities and similarities between the elements and genders. Through its results, the research describes the relationship between drama and poetry as a historical century and from there goes to find the closest points of the relationship between poetry and drama.
UJI ADAPTASI BEBERAPA BAWANG MERAH (Allium cepa var Aggregatum L.) PADA MUSIM HUJAN (OFF SEASON) DI LAHAN KERING MASAM, LAMPUNG
Authors: Sinaga Rismawita , Waluyo Nurmalita , Arief Ratna Wylis , Manurung Gohan Octora
Published: November 2023

Pengembangan bawang merah off season masih rendah,hal ini terkendala dengan ketersediaan benih yang adaftif dan teknik budidaya yang tepat. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan bawang merah (Allium cepa var Aggregatum L.) yang adaftif, berproduksi tinggi sesuai dengan preferensi konsumen pada musim hujan (off season)  di lahan kering masam, Lampung. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan Februari sampai dengan Mei 2019 di Kebun IP2TP Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Lampung, Natar, Bandar Lampung. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap dengan lima ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari lima varietas unggu baru (VUB) bawang merah yang telah didaftar oleh Badan Litbang Pertanian antara lain Violetta 1 Agrihorti (V1), Violetta 2 Agrihorti (V2), Violetta 3 Agrihorti (V3), Sembrani (V4) dan Maja Cipanas (V5). Parameter pengamatan mencakup komponen pertumbuhan (tinggi tanaman dan jumlah anakan) dan komponen hasil (diameter umbi, jumlah umbi dan bobot kering eskip per Ha, bobot basah per rumpun, per plot dan per Ha) dan uji kualitas bawang merah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bawang merah varietas Violetta 3 Agrihorti adaftif pada musim hujan di Lahan kering masam karena mempunyai daya hasil dan mutu fisik yang terbaik dibandingkan dengan varietas lainnya karena mempunyai produksi ekskip per Ha tertinggi, diameter umbi yang paling besar, persentase umbi busuk dan persentase umbi berjamur yang paling rendah, warna umbi yang lebih merah, dan nilai kekerasan yang lebih rendah (tekstur lebih keras).
Feasibility Analysis of Tofu Agroindustry Business (Case Study of Sederhana Tofu Factory in Bukit Peninjauan I Village, Sukaraja District, Seluma Regency, Bengkulu Province)
Authors: Sarina Sarina , Hasibuan Ikhsan
Published: November 2023

Sederhana Tofu Agroindustry is the biggest tofu factory in the village of Bukit Peninjauan I. It produces tofu each day in order to fulfil the need of two major traditional markets in Bengkulu city. This research aimed to analyze the financial feasibility of Sederhana tofu agroindustry in Bukit Peninjauan I Village, Sukaraja District, Seluma Regency. The research had been done on May until July 2021. The data were analyzed by using descriptive and quantitative analyzed methods. The descriptive analysis was used to investigate the common states of the research object, including characteristics and non-financial aspects. Meanwhile, the quantitative anayisis meant to evaluate the company financial conditions such as NPV, IRR, Net B/C, and Payback Period. Based on our analyzing, we wrap up that this agroindustry is feasible to be performed and to be developed.  Some aspects that support this that the tofu agroindusty achieved good criteria, including had NPV for about Rp . 1.361.902.000,- IRR 27,87%, Net B/C 1,38 and PP 4,93 years.

Keywords : agroindusty, feasibility, financial, tofu
Peningkatan Peresapan Air ke Dalam Tanah Melalui Aplikasi Pupuk Organik Sekam Padi pada Pertanaman Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor, L.)
Authors: Nurmi Nurmi , Bahri Syamsul , Azis Mohamad Arief , Dzakaria Safrudin
Published: November 2023

ABSTRAK

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk organk sekam padi terhadap peningkatan peresapan air ke dalam tanah dan korelasinya dengan hasil tanaman sorgum.  Penggunaan pupuk organik sekam padi, disamping untuk memperbaiki peresapan air ke dalam tanah, juga untuk mengurangi limbah sekam padi yang produksinya cukup tinggi, khususnya di daerah Gorontalo.  Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial 2 faktor (RAK-Faktorial).  Faktor pertama adalah Varietas sorgum yang terdiri dari 2 taraf, yaitu V1 = Varietas Numbu, dan V2 = Varietas Kawali.  Faktor kedua adalah dosis pupuk organik sekam padi yang terdiri dari 3 taraf, yaitu P0 = tanpa aplikasi pupuk organik (kontrol), P1 = pemberian pupuk organik 25 ton.ha-1, P2 =  pemberian pupuk organik 50 ton.ha-1.  Pada akhir percobaan dilakukan pengukuran sifat fisik tanah, yaitu Infiltrasi menggunakan double ring infiltrometer, dan pengukuran hasil tanaman sorgum.  Analisis data dilakukan dengan sidik ragam dan nilai tengah antar perlakuan diuji menggunakan BNJ (Beda Nyata Jujur) pada tingkat ketelitian 5%.  Analisis korelasi dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan dosis pupuk organik dengan infiltrasi konstan dan hubungan antara infiltrasi konstan dengan berat biji perhektar.  Data infiltrasi dari pengukuran lapangan dilakukan pemodelan menggunakan persamaan Horton dengan rumus   f = fc + (fo – fc) e-kt untuk membuat kurva infiltrasi.   Hasil pemodelan infiltrasi berdasarkan model Horton terlihat pada kurva infiltrasi yang menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan perlakuan pupuk organik sekam padi 50 ton ha-1 memiliki garis kurva yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan 25 ton ha-1 dan kontrol.  Hasil analisis statistik dengan uji BNJ 5% terhadap infiltrasi konstan menunjukkan bahwa perlakukan pupuk organik sekam padi 50 ton ha-1 dan 25 ton ha-1 memiliki kapasitas infiltrasi yang tidak berbeda nyata, namun nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kontrol.  Terdapat korelasi positif yang sangat kuat antara dosis Pupuk organik dengan infiltrasi konstan dan antara infiltrasi konstan dengan berat biji perhektar.

 

Kata Kunci: Bulk Density; Infiltrasi; Pupuk Organik;  Sekam Padi; Sorgum
Running-Related Injuries Among More Than 7000 Runners in 87 Different Countries: The Garmin-RUNSAFE Running Health Study
Authors: Nielsen Rasmus , Ramskov Daniel , Blacket Chloe Taneil , Malisoux Laurent
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE: To describe the cumulative injury proportion after 1000 and 2000 km of running among runners from 87 countries worldwide using wearable devices. Secondly, examine if the cumulative injury proportion differed between runners from different countries.

DESIGN: Cohort study with an 18-month follow-up.

METHODS: Runners aged ≥18 years who were familiar with the English language, and who were using a Garmin sports watch that supported tracking of running were eligible for inclusion. The exposure was residential country; self-reported running-related injury was the primary outcome. A generalized linear model was used to estimate the cumulative injury proportion for each country and the cumulative risk difference between the countries (country with the lowest risk used as reference). Data were analyzed at 1000 and 2000 km.

RESULTS: The proportions of injured runners among the 7605 included runners from 87 different countries were 57.6% [95% CI: 56.9%, 59.0%] at 1000 km and 69.8% [95% CI: 68.3%, 71.4%] at 2000 km. Runners from the Czech Republic (40.3% [95% CI: 28.7%, 51.9%]), Austria (41.1% [95% CI: 25.9%, 52.2%]), and Germany (41.9% [95% CI: 36.0%, 47.9%]) had the lowest cumulative injury proportions at 1000 km, whereas Ireland (75.4% [95% CI: 60.4%, 90.4%]), Great Britain and Northern Ireland (73.2% [95% CI: 69.3%, 77.1%]), and Finland (67.5% [95% CI: 47.2%, 87.7%]) had the highest proportions. At 2000 km, Poland (47.7% [95% CI: 36.0%, 59.4%]), Slovenia (52.2% [95% CI: 28.5%, 75.8%]), and Croatia (54.2% [95% CI: 35.6%, 72.7%]) had the lowest proportions of injured runners. The highest cumulative injury proportions were reported in Great Britain and Northern Ireland (83.6% [95% CI: 79.6%, 87.6%]) and the Netherlands (78.3% [95% CI: 70.6%, 85.9%]).

CONCLUSION: More than half of the population of adult runners from 87 countries using wearable devices sustained a running-related injury during follow-up. There were considerable between-country differences in injury proportions. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2024;54(2):133-141. Epub 16 November 2023. doi:10.2519/jospt.2023.11959
The Tendinopathy Game Changers: Five Papers From the Last 5 Years That Might Change How You Manage Tendons
Authors: Murphy Myles C. , Rio Ebonie K.
Published: November 2023

SYNOPSIS: The clinical and scientific understanding of tendinopathy has substantially advanced since the Fifth International Scientific Tendinopathy Symposium in 2019. This editorial aims to highlight some of the fantastic tendinopathy research from the past 5 years. We have selected what we consider the “best paper” for each year from 2019 to 2023, which might change how you treat tendons. Selecting only 5 papers was not easy. Did your favorite papers make the cut? Or do you think we missed some key studies? We encourage you to tell us what you think using the social media hashtag #JOSPTtendon. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2024;54(1):3-5. Epub 16 November 2023. doi:10.2519/jospt.2023.12372
O USO DA TECNOLOGIA DIGITAL NO AUXÍLIO DA CRIANÇA COM TRANSTORNO DE APRENDIZAGEM: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Pessoa Marilia Teofilo Lima , Silva Lucas Melgaço da , Pássaro Eloisa Rodrigues , Karla Angélica Silva do Nascimento
Published: November 2023

A inclusão de pessoas com deficiência na escola é essencial para garantir seus direitos, abrangendo diversas condições, como deficiência física, visual, auditiva, intelectual, psicossocial, transtornos globais do desenvolvimento e superdotação. Nessa perspectiva, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar estratégia de aprendizagem da língua escrita de uma criança com transtornos de aprendizagem com o uso de recurso digital. Para isso, foi necessário abordar a efetivação do ensino e melhoria da aprendizagem de uma criança com diagnóstico de Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade (TDAH) associado à dislexia e disgrafia, e relatar o método da escrita de uma criança com TDAH, a partir do uso de um recurso digital. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa que analisou a utilização de uma ferramenta para auxiliar e contribuir na aprendizagem de uma criança com diagnóstico de TDAH associado à dislexia e disgrafia. Os resultados evidenciaram que o uso prático do editor de texto em um smartphone ajudou na autonomia da escrita da criança sem gerar traumas. Observou-se que a tecnologia digital pode contribuir com o processo de ensino, proporcionando à criança com transtornos de aprendizagem diferentes forma de aprender, ajudando a vencer os limites dos transtornos, a partir de metodologias ativas e inclusiva.
ASSESSMENT OF CHANGES IN METABOLIC STATUS IN IN VITRO CELLS OF A PATIENT’S GLIOBLASTOMA MODEL UNDER EFFECT OF HYPOXIA USING FLUORESCENT TIME-RESOLVED MICROSCOPY
Authors:   Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Sachkova D.A. , Shirmanova M.V. , Yusubalieva G.M. , Izosimova A.V. , Mozherov A.M. , Baklaushev V.P. , Yuzhakova D.V. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod,   Federal Research and Clinical Center, FMBA of Russia, Moscow
Published: November 2023

Studying the features of the effect of hypoxia on the resistance of glioblastoma to various types of antitumor therapy is important for understanding the mechanisms of resistance in response to treatment. The use of patient-specific models of patients’ glioblastoma in combination with the innovative FLIM imaging method can provide useful information about the presence of metabolic changes in tumor cells after exposure to therapy.
Efficacy and safety of netakimab therapy in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis in real clinical practice
Authors: Bakulev Andrey L. , Pritulo Olga A. , Kuntsevich Zhanna S. , Khotko Alkes A. , Yunovidova Anastasiya A. , Gorognichev Pavel V. , Ziganshin Oleg R. , Rudneva Natalya S. , Bildyuk Evgeniya V. , Repina Tatiana V. , Dudko Valentina Y. , Maksimova Mariya D.
Published: November 2023

Rationale. Data from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) may differ from the results of the efficacy and safety of medicines in the conditions of daily work.
Purpose. To obtain data on the long-term efficacy and safety of the use of the genetically engineered biological drug netakimab in real clinical practice.
Methods. In everyday clinical practice, a multicenter non-interventional observational study BCD-085-NIS-01 (ORION) was conducted, which involved 260 adult patients with moderate to severe psoriasis.
Results. It was established that the survival rate of genetically engineered biological therapy of netakimab, when analyzing data of 104 weeks of observation, remains high both in bionaive patients and in persons who have previously received treatment for this dermatosis using monoclonal antibodies. The long-term safety profile of netakimab in real clinical practice is comparable to data previously obtained in RCTs and remains favorable for follow-ups up to 2 years.
Conclusion. Therapy with GIBA netakimab using a standard dose of 120 mg and regimen in patients with psoriasis is effective and safe for 104 weeks.
DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE STATE FINANCIAL POLICY OF INTENSIFICATION INVESTMENT ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION
Authors: Vilchynskyi Oleksandr
Published: November 2023

The development of Ukraine's economy, especially during the war and post-war reconstruction, requires the most efficient use of limited financial resources. The institutional demand of the society for prompt adjustment of the economy to meet military needs in times of war and to ensure the fastest possible pace of economic recovery in the post-war period requires the state to increase the efficiency of the state financial policy of intensification investment activity in accordance with the current dynamically changing requirements of the present. The problem of the state's stimulating influence on the economy in order to intensification investment activity in the country is constantly in the field of view of scientists and practitioners. One of the most effective areas of realization of such influence is the financial policy of the state. The issues of formation and implementation of the state financial policy of intensification of investment activity in the context of digitalization are unexplored, relevant and require scientific understanding. The aim of the article is to improve the efficiency of formation and implementation of the State financial policy of intensification of investment activity in the context of digitalization. To date, a prerequisite for modernizing the State financial policy of intensification investment activity is to take into account the demands and opportunities for digitalization of economic and management processes. In order to increase the efficiency of the State financial policy of intensification investment activity in the context of digitalization, a number of practical recommendations are proposed, which together ensured the development of the module "Automation of the State financial policy of intensification investment activity", which structurally consists of two components and is described by a map of analytical filters, casual and information technology algorithms, as well as schemes of process and functional links. The practical implementation of the developed module "Automation of the State Financial Policy of intensification of Investment Activity" will improve efficiency, economic feasibility by minimizing the resources used (financial, labor, etc.) and increase the efficiency of the formation and implementation of the state financial policy of intensification of investment activity in Ukraine by minimizing corruption risks.
FINANCIAL CONCEPT OF THE BEHAVIORAL APPROACH IN THE FORMATION OF THE INCOME OF THE STATE BUDGET OF UKRAINE
Authors: Gordienko Lyudmila , Pasichnyk Yurii , Lomako Yevheniia
Published: November 2023

This study draws attention to a novel approach to shaping the revenues of the State Budget of Ukraine. To shed light on the situation concerning revenue formation, a quick analysis of Ukraine's key macroeconomic indicators, including budget revenues from 2017 to 2021, was conducted. As a result, trends in the dynamics of GDP, essential social standards, inflation, average wages, and the unemployment rate were revealed. It was highlighted that in some years, the minimum pension level was lower than the inflation rate, which is a concerning development. The behavioral approach, with specific reference to the application of its individual provisions in the budgeting process, is explained in detail. An interpretation of the key concepts of this approach, encompassing economic activity and economic interests, is provided. It is argued that the application of the behavioral approach allows for the identification of motives behind inefficient income planning at various stages of State Budget preparation. Furthermore, it enables the consolidation of the motivational interests of specific participants in the budget project. An important advantage of this approach is the potential to formulate preventive measures to mitigate corruption issues during the various stages of the budget process. The primary components of the financial concept were developed utilizing relevant theoretical constructs in revenue formation for the budget. This concept consists of six parts, which include fundamental theoretical constructs, taking into account the psychological traits of the Ukrainian populace, identifying reserves in State Budget revenues, risk mitigation, enhancing the revenue mechanism, and increasing the involvement of public organizations in the budget process. The rationale for employing fundamental theoretical constructs in the budget preparation process, notably new monetarism, sustainable development, neoclassical synthesis, and the theory of happiness, is discussed. Special attention is given to considering the psychological characteristics of the Ukrainian people, which can aid in the development of optimal budget revenues. To mitigate potential revenue shortfalls, preventive measures are proposed. Notably, there's a strong emphasis on improving the mechanism for revenue formation and collection, underscoring the need to enhance the accountability of regulatory body personnel. The wisdom of increasing the participation of public entities in the budget process is justified. Furthermore, it is recommended that reasoned proposals regarding budget revenues be submitted by scientific institutions, sector-specific public organizations, and analytical agencies. In conclusion, it is posited that the proposed financial concept, grounded in a behavioral approach and accounting for the realities of the Postmodern era, will contribute to an increase in revenues for the State Budget of Ukraine.
PROCESS OF RISK MANAGEMENT IN IT-PROJECTS
Authors: Hubarieva Iryna , Trushkina Nataliia
Published: November 2023

The purpose of the article is to study the process of project risk management and develop recommendations for its adaptation for IT projects. In the sphere of project management in the formation of project risk management process most often relies on international standards. The article presents an overview of the process of project risk management according to the standards: Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO); Projects in Controlled Environments (PRINCE2). It is determined that the presented standards are sufficiently structured and can be applied to risk management in various projects, including those in the field of information technologies. The peculiarities of the risk management process in IT projects in accordance with the Microsoft Solutions Framework methodology are disclosed. It focuses on the formation of risk management process in projects in accordance with the Risk Management Maturity Model; Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMI); Maturity Level of Risk Management in IT Projects. IT projects have specific characteristics, and market competition, customer requirements, rapid development of technologies, team qualification – all this requires adaptability to the formation of the risk management process. When forming a risk management process in IT projects, especially in IT startup projects, the choice of a standard, methodology, or a combination of them (individual sections) should take into account the specifics of the project, project team, management, corporate culture, segment and market conditions, stakeholders, qualification of specialists engaged in risk management. In order to improve the effectiveness of risk management in IT projects, it is recommended that IT companies create structural and infra-red elements of risk management, namely: to attract risk management specialists; to develop job descriptions that define their functional duties and responsibilities; to develop corporate standards for risk management.
The Cationic Enhancement Effect on the Two-Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acidic Conditions at Carbon-Based Cathodes
Authors: Hübner Jessica , Lucchetti Lanna , Nong-Reier Hong Nhan , Paul Benjamin , Kroschel Matthias , Kang Jiaqi , Teschner Detre , Behrens Silke , Studt Felix , Knop-Gericke Axel , Siahrostami Samira , Strasser Peter
Published: November 2023

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a green oxidant, widely used in industry. To turn its synthesis green, research focused on the development of efficient catalysts for the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e-ORR) to produce H2O2 from water and molecular oxygen. Despite recent progress, electrolyte effects of the electrochemical H2O2 production have remained little understood. We report a significant effect of alkali metal cations (AMCs) on the electrocatalytic H2O2 production on carbon catalysts in acidic environments. The presence of AMCs at the electrified carbon interface shift the half wave potential of the 2e-ORR from -0.48 V to -0.22 VRHE. This cationic induced enhancement effect exhibits a uniquely sensitive on/off switching behaviour depending on the voltammetric protocol. Voltammetric and direct in situ X-ray photoemission spectroscopic evidence is presented that supports a controlling role of the potential of zero charge (PZC) of the catalytic enhancement. Depending whether the electrode potential is kept cathodic or even just briefly reaches values anodic of the PZC, AMCs accumulate at the electrified interface and enhance the 2e-ORR or get repelled away from it, respectively. Density functional theory calculations associate the enhancement by the stabilization of the *OOH key intermediate. Based on this finding, we developed a refined reaction mechanism for the H2O2 production in presence of AMCs.
Metal-free Photocatalytic Cross-Electrophile Coupling enables C1 Homologation and Alkylation of Carboxylic Acids with Aldehydes
Authors: Bonciolini Stefano , Pulcinella Antonio , Leone Matteo , Schiroli Debora , Luguera Ruiz Adrian , Sorato Andrea , Dubois Maryne , Gopalakrishnan Ranganath , Masson Geraldine , Della Ca' Nicola , Protti Stefano , Fagnoni Maurizio , Zysman-Colman Eli , Johansson Magnus , Noel Timothy
Published: November 2023

In contemporary drug discovery, enhancing the sp3-hybridized character of molecular structures is paramount, necessitating innovative synthetic methods. Herein, we introduce a deoxygenative cross-electrophile coupling technique that pairs easily accessible carboxylic acid-derived redox-active esters (RAEs) with aldehyde sulfonyl hydrazones, employing Eosin Y as an organophotocatalyst under visible light irradiation. This approach serves as a versatile, metal-free C(sp3)−C(sp3) cross-coupling platform. We demonstrate its synthetic value as a safer, broadly applicable C1 homologation of carboxylic acids, offering an alternative to the traditional Arndt-Eistert reaction. Additionally, our method provides direct access to cyclic and acyclic β-arylethylamines using diverse aldehyde-derived sulfonyl hydrazones. Notably, the methodology proves to be compatible with the late-stage functionalization (LSF) of peptides on solid-phase, streamlining the modification of intricate peptides without the need for exhaustive de-novo synthesis.
Fine-tuning ChatGPT Achieves State-of-the-Art Performance for Chemical Text Mining
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Qinggong , Kong Xiangtai , Xiong Jiacheng , Ni Shengkun , Cao Duanhua , Niu Buying , Chen Mingan , Zhang Runze , Wang Yitian , Zhang Lehan , Li Xutong , Xiong Zhaoping , Shi Qian , Cheng Feng , Fu Zunyun , Zheng Mingyue
Published: November 2023

Extracting knowledge from complex and diverse chemical texts is a pivotal task for both experimental and computational chemists. The task is still considered to be extremely challenging due to the complexity of the chemical language and scientific literature. This study fine-tuned ChatGPT for five intricate chemical text mining tasks: compound entity recognition, reaction role labelling, metal-organic framework (MOF) synthesis information extraction, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) data extraction, and the conversion of reaction paragraph to action sequence. The fine-tuned ChatGPT demonstrated impressive performance, significantly reducing the need for repetitive and extensive prompt engineering experiments. It achieved exact accuracy levels ranging from 69% to 95% on these tasks with minimal annotated data. For comparison, we fine-tuned open-source pre-trained large language models (LLMs) such as Llama2, T5, and BART. The results showed that the fine-tuned ChatGPT excelled in all tasks. It even outperformed those task-adaptive pre-training and fine-tuning models that were based on a significantly larger amount of in-domain data. Given its versatility, robustness, and low-code capability, leveraging fine-tuned LLMs as toolkits for automated data acquisition could revolutionize chemical knowledge extraction.
Reversible 1,2-Methyl Migration to an N-Heterocyclic Carbene in a PCNHCP Cobalt(I) Complex Enables Stereoselective (E and Z) Allyl Ether Isomerization
Authors: Garhwal Subhash , Raje Sakthi , Młodzikowska-Pieńko Katarzyna , Sheikh Mohammed Tofayel , Raphaeli Ron , Fridman Natalia , Shimon Linda , Poranne Renana , de Ruiter Graham
Published: November 2023

With growing efforts pushing towards sustainable catalysis, using earth-abundant metals has become increasingly important. Here we present the first examples of cobalt PCNHCP pincer complexes that demonstrate dual stereoselectivity for allyl ether isomerization. While the cationic cobalt complex [((PCNHCP)Co)2-μ-N2][BAr4F]2 (3) affords the Z-isomer of the enol ether predominantly, the corresponding methyl complex [(PCNHCP)CoMe)] (4) mostly gives the E-isomer. The dichotomy in selectivity is investigated computationally, revealing important contributions from the steric profile of the substituents on the metal (Me or N2), including an unprecedented migration of the methyl substituent from cobalt to the N-heterocyclic carbene carbon, which is further explored in this report.
Ultra-Fast Halogen Dance Enabled by Catalytic KHMDS
Authors: Inoue Kengo , Mori Atsunori , Okano Kentaro
Published: November 2023

Catalytic potassium hexamethyldisilazide (KHMDS) accelerates a bromine–metal exchange rather than potassium tert-butoxide (KOtBu), which is stoichiometrically used for the Lochmann–Schlosser base, a combination of nBuLi and KOtBu. Loading of 1.0–10 mol% of KHMDS drastically facilitated successive bromine–metal exchanges consisting of a halogen dance reaction within 1 min to introduce various electrophiles on bromopyridine, imidazole, thiophene, furan, and benzene derivatives with the bromo group translocated from the original position. A dual catalytic cycle is proposed to explain the ultra-fast bromine transfer showing the significant potential to realize new catalytic reactions of aryllithium species using KHMDS.
MS²Rescore 3.0 is a modular, flexible, and user-friendly platform to boost peptide identifications, as showcased with MS Amanda 3.0
Authors: Buur Louise Marie , Declercq Arthur , Strobl Marina , Bouwmeester Robbin , Degroeve Sven , Martens Lennart , Dorfer Viktoria , Gabriels Ralf
Published: November 2023

Rescoring of peptide-spectrum matches (PSMs) has emerged as a standard procedure for the analysis of tandem mass spectrometry data. This emphasizes the need for software maintenance and continuous improvement for such algorithms. We here introduce MS²Rescore 3.0, a versatile, modular, and user-friendly platform designed to increase peptide identifications. Researchers can install MS²Rescore across various platforms with minimal effort and benefit from a graphical user interface, a modular Python API, and extensive documentation. To showcase benefits of this new version, we connected MS²Rescore 3.0 with MS Amanda 3.0, a new release of the well-established search engine, addressing previous limitations on automatic rescoring. Among new features, MS Amanda now contains additional output columns that can be used for rescoring. The full potential of rescoring is best revealed when applied on challenging data sets. We therefore evaluated the performance of these two tools on publicly available single-cell data sets, where the number of PSMs was substantially increased, thereby demonstrating that MS²Rescore offers a powerful solution to boost peptide identifications. The modular design and user-friendly interface make MS²Rescore a valuable tool for the proteomics community, offering additional insights into the often nontransparent topic of machine learning, making it more accessible even for inexperienced users.
Nanometric determination of the thickness of aqueous samples for accurate molar absorption coefficients of water-soluble molecules in the mid-infrared region
Authors: Gutierrez-Salazar Mónica , Lorenz Fonfria Victor A.
Published: November 2023

Absorption spectra of aqueous samples measured by transmission need to be acquired using very thin cells (5-50 μm) when targeting the mid-infrared (mid-IR) region, due to the strong background absorbance of liquid water. The thickness of the cell used controls the pathlength of the light through the sample, a value needed for instance to transform absorption spectra into molar absorption coefficient spectra, or to determine solute concentrations from absorption spectra. The most accurate way to determine the thickness of a thin empty cell (i.e., filled with air) is from the period of an interference pattern, known as interference fringes, that arises when the cell is placed perpendicular to the path of light in the spectrometer. However, this same approach is not directly applicable to determine the thickness of a cells filled with an aqueous solution, due partially to the smaller amplitude of the interference fringes but fundamentally caused by its complex waveform, with a wavenumber-dependent oscillation period. Here, using Fresnel equations, we derived analytical expressions to model interference fringes in absorption spectra obtained by transmission, valid also for aqueous samples. We also present a novel Fourier-based analysis of the interference fringes that, in combination with the derived analytical expressions, allowed us to determine the pathlength of aqueous samples with an error below 50 nm. We implemented this novel approach to analyze interference fringes as a Live Script running in the software Matlab. As an application, we measured absorption spectra of a 97 mM solution of MES buffer (at low and high pH) using cells of various nominal thicknesses (6, 25 and 50 μm). The molar absorption coefficient spectrum for the acidic and basic forms of MES, worked out using pathlengths values determined using the present approach, were virtually identical regardless of the nominal thickness of the cells used, indicating that the thickness determined for the cells were consistent and likely very accurate. These results illustrate the performance of the presented method to determine the pathlength of aqueous samples, as well as for its utility to obtain accurate molar absorption coefficient spectra of water-soluble molecules in the mid-IR region.
Modeling of smart-laboratory for the educational process
Authors: Volynskyi Valentyn , Berdnikov Anatolyi
Published: November 2023

Modern information technologies are developing extremely fast. New concepts of data transmission network are emerging, including the exchange between physical network objects, which can be equipped with the most modern technologies of interaction with each other and as a result to make decisions in accordance with external factors. Based on the concept of IoT (Internet of Things), and especially the «smart home», a network of «smart laboratory» was created using the Cisco Packet Tracer application, which was developed by Cisco. It allows you to experiment with the network, evaluate scenarios, break it down into logical and physical levels, set the parameters of the environment. As a result of modeling a semi-model model, which has the following subsystems that help to improve the learning process: fire extinguishing system, smoke fixation system, air conditioning system, energy supply system, light activation system. In addition, with standard features, applications create remote access to control or configure subsystems using devices that support 3 / 4G or Wi-Fi connections. The created scenarios of work are modeled depending on what model makes decisions and carries out actions which help to avoid critical situations. Using the Python software language, devices have been created that mimic the external capabilities of creating model elements, thus testing the subsystems for correct operation and timely self-determination. The software model is easy to scale, can be modified and changed at any time. It has convenient management and views on protection of all processes. In the future, it is planned to upgrade new types of «smart laboratories» based on chemical, physical or any other location of the higher education institution and combine them into one complex model.
Scientific research on introduced wildlife in New Zealand: For whom and at what cost?
Authors: Steer Jamie
Published: November 2023

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How a farm boy from Wales gave the world pi
Authors: Roberts Gareth
Published: November 2023

The following article is republished from The Conversation, dated March 14, 2016.The article has not been edited, and we have attributed the authors and their institutes, and given the internet citations.

The Conversation, March 14, 2016. https://theconversation.com/how-a-farm-boy-from-wales-gave-the-world-pi-55917
'Towards a Warmer World: What climate change will mean for New Zealand’s future' and 'Time of Useful Consciousness: Acting urgently on climate change'
Authors: Gregory Geoff
Published: November 2023

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A review of the new MBIE Report on the Marsden Fund
Authors: Chambers Geoff
Published: November 2023

​The New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employ-ment (MBIE) has recently completed a report on the way that the Marsden Fund works (MBIE 2017). In many ways this is an excellent document. It describes the history and purpose of the fund and explains how it operates. It also compares Marsden to other granting agencies overseas (Section 3). The authors consulted widely with stakeholders, identified many issues in their findings (Section 4) and made a set of recommendations (Section 5). Although a lot of key points were revealed, the MBIE team seems to have been consistently just wide of the mark, in the estimation of this reviewer. In this short article I identify those key topics that have been a source of long-term concern for many applicants and commentators. It is hoped that these, together with the original MBIE report, may stimulate wider discussion in the scientific community.
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2017 – The digital transformation
Authors: Editors
Published: November 2023

​The OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2017 draws on the latest international comparative data to uncover the strength of the OECD and other large economies, and shows how the digital transformation is affecting science, innovation, the economy and the way people work and live. Mobility, cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI) and big data analytics are among the most important technologies in the digital economy today, empowering businesses, consumers, and society as a whole. However, their development and use are distributed very unevenly. The headquarters of the top 2,000 R&D corporations worldwide are concentrated in just a few economies – notably the United States, Japan, and China – and about 70% of their total R&D spending is concentrated in the top 200 firms. Although the digital transformation is affecting all sectors of the economy, Telecommunications and IT services are consistently ahead in terms of digital intensity, while Agriculture, Mining, and Real estate are consistently ranked at the bottom. Significant differences remain in a majority of OECD countries, including between younger and older generations, between women and men, by educational background, urban and local locations, and firms of different size. This publication aims to help governments design more effective science, innovation, and industry policies in the digital era.
ICSU-ISSC merger
Authors: Editors
Published: November 2023

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Six ways to improve water quality in New Zealand’s lakes and rivers
Authors: Baisden Troy
Published: November 2023

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La violencia laboral en el ámbito de la educación social: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Vidal-Martí Cristina , Rodríguez Rodríguez Julio
Published: November 2023

Existen contextos laborales de alta complejidad donde la relación entre las personas usuarias y profesionales pueden derivar en comportamientos violentos hacia el      personal laboral.  Los entornos profesionales de la educación social son escenarios donde la violencia laboral se puede hacer evidente, atendiendo a la complejidad de los diferentes contextos y problemáticas que se abordan. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el fenómeno de la violencia laboral de tipo II hacia el colectivo de profesionales de la educación social en el Estado español. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática cualitativa de la literatura científica en las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus, ÍnDICE CSIC, APA PycNet y Dialnet plus. Los resultados evidencian la acción violenta hacia los profesionales de la educación social por parte de las personas usuarias que intervienen; aunque la escasez de estudios no permite establecer unos resultados concluyentes del objeto de estudio. En conclusión, aunque la violencia laboral está presente en el colectivo de profesionales de la educación social, el estudio muestra la necesidad de profundizar en el fenómeno para determinar su impacto y diseñar estrategias de prevención.