bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Analyse of Online Exercises of Aspekte Neu B2
Authors: Nurhani Nuki , Hafdarani Hafdarani , Muthmainah Nur
Published: March 2022

During the pandemic, the teaching profession faces substantial challenges with regard to the switch from in-classroom teaching to online formats, requiring adjustments in planning, work methods, course design etc. Teachers need materials such as books and exercise papers which are suitable and adequate for online courses. So far, the exercise book Aspekte Neu B2 which was designed for in-classroom teaching is being used in a number of universities and language institutes in Indonesia. Whether it can also be used for online courses deserves to be scrutinized. This study solely examines the usage of Aspekte Neu B2 in respect of online classes. The aim is to determine to which degree it meets the general requirements of the Kriterienkatalog für Internet Lernmaterial Deutsch als Fremdsprache (list of criteria in respect of internet learning tools for German as a foreign language). The underlying research method of this study is the qualitative, ie. descriptive-analytical method. Only the online exercises of Aspekte Neu B2 were taken into consideration, ie. not the digital version of the course book. Results indicate that 55.4% of the book’s online exercises are in compliance with general criteria referring to technique, interactivity, exercise & quests, as well as feedback. It was not required for this study for an online exercise to fulfill all of the listed criteria. However, it was found that the online exercises of the book should be adapted to the online formats. That, at least, would help instructors choosing relevant training material for their online classes.
Exploration and Identification of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae in Corn Plants in Sebandung Village, Sukorejo, Pasuruan
Authors: Risdiyanti Rateh Lailatul , Widayati Wiludjeng , Suryaminarsih Penta
Published: March 2022

Metarhizium anisopliae is a biological control agent (BCA) that have been developed to control plant pest in this disruption era. These fungi penetrate the insect body through its skin between the head and the thoraxs also in between the joint. The purpose of this research is to identify the characteristic of the fungi M. Anisopliae from the exploration in sebandung village, sub-district Sukorejo, district Pasuruan. Data analysis is done by using descriptive data. Step of the research involves (1) sample gathering from the soil in the cornfield that has been predicted to have BCA biodiversity, after that determined 5 sampling points diagonally, each sample contains 100 gr of soil from the depth of 10 -20 cm, (2) fungi baiting by using a mealworm (Tenebrio Molitor) as a bait, (3) M. Anisopliae isolate using PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar), (4) identification is conducted by macroscopic and microscopic. The identification result shows that the isolate has a white mycelium that forms into a mossy green spore, fine texture, easily spread, and insulated mycelium, straight conidiophore, hyalin, and branching, single-cell conidia, hyalin, round cylinder type, also white to the mossy green colony. Parasitism test results show that T.molitor larvae develop a hard body, have a murky color, covered in white hyphea till it transforms into moosy green spore with a fine texture and easily spread, the spore is the final form of the fungi propagule existence in the host as a survival phase in extreme condition.
Silicon Application to Several Soybean (Glycine max, Merrill) Varieties Under Drought Stress Condition
Authors: Koentjoro Yonny , Dewanti F. Deru , Sukendah Sukendah , Purnomo Djoko , Purwanto Edi
Published: March 2022

Drought stress becomes a serious threat to the cultivation of soybean because it could affect the whole processes of soybean plants that may ultimately result in a significant reduction in yield. To obtain high production in drought stress conditions, one needs such efforts as including the use of utilizing high yielding varieties resistant to drought and/or designing environmental alteration engineering by using compounds or substances which can set osmolitic regulation. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of silicon (silica) on the four morpho-agronomic characters of soybean varieties tested. The study is designed by using a Factorial Randomized Block Design basis and implemented at the Faculty of Agriculture experiment station UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur. The results showed that there were are significant interactions between treatment varieties and silica concentration for of the variables; the number of branches, number of pods per plant, and seed weight per plant. Character of each variety show varied responses to the application of silicon. Silicon concentration of 20 cc / l increased the weight of seed weight per plant and seed yield potential per hectare.
Compounds Profile of Polar Subfraction of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Soft Coral Nepthea sp., Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Properties
Authors: Sadarun Baru , Fristiohady Adryan , Rahmatika Nur Syifa , Yodha Agung Wibawa Mahatva , Malaka Muhammad Hajrul , Sundowo Andini , Sahidin I.
Published: March 2022

Nepthea sp., a soft coral In Indonesia's South-East Sulawesi, it thrives. The chemical and pharmacological properties of this genus have not been studied in this location. As a result, the goal of this page is to offer a broad overview of both properties of Nepthea sp. The sample was taken from Hoga Island. Methanol was used to extract the material, which was then fractionated with hexane and ethyl acetate to produce n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions. Vacuum liquid chromatography was also used to fractionate the ethyl acetate fraction. Phytochemical screening, LC-MS/MS, Total Phenolics Content (TPC), and Total Flavonoids Content (TFC) were used to determine the chemical contents. DPPH radicals and ABTS were used to assess antioxidant activity and MTT assays for cytotoxicity. Six subfractions are produced by fractioning the ethyl acetate fraction (160 g), with the most polar subfraction (F) weighing 15.4 g. The phenolics and flavonoids constituents in Subfraction F have IC50 values of 68.77±4.8 mg GAE/g extract and 0.22±0.1 mgQE/g extract, respectively. The presence of phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids in the subfraction F is supported by the LC-MS/MS data, Subfraction F has 3-ter-butyl-4-methoxyphenol (terpenoids or phenolics compound), isosalsoline (alkaloids), valine (amin acid), and several unidentified chemicals with molecular formulas C15H23NO3, C33H47NO4, C29H49NO3 (alkaloids or amino acid) and C8H18O3 (phenolic compound).The IC50 values (mg/L) of 101.1 ± 8.8 (DPPH) and 89.76 ± 7.5 (ABTS) indicate that F has antioxidant capacity, and it is also cytotoxic against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) with an IC50 of 170.72±6.5mg/mL.
Processing of Red Dahlia Tubers in Produce Inulin Extract and Material Proximate Testing
Authors: Sunarti Sunarti , Ginting Chrismis Novalinda , Ginting Sahna Ferdinand
Published: March 2022

Dahlia tubers from Berastagi, North Sumatra, are plants that contain carbohydrates and contain high levels of inulin. Inulin is very good as a dietary fiber and has other physiological functions such as lowering blood sugar and blood fat, anticancer, regulating intestinal microbial flora, increasing absorption of minerals and vitamins. Currently, the utilization of dahlia tubers is not optimal in the community and is considered as agricultural waste, therefore it is necessary to manage dahlia tubers in producing inulin extract and study the proximate material, considering that previous studies still obtained varying results. This study aimed to obtain inulin extract and its yield value and to measure the proximate material of red dahlia tuber. The extraction method used is based on the solubility of inulin in water at a temperature of 800 C. And precipitation are carried out with 70% ethanol. Proximate examination of the material consisted of water content using the heating method, ash content using the gravimetric method, fat and crude fiber content using the Soxhlet method, determination of protein content using the Macro Kjedhal method, and carbohydrate content using the proximate method using the carbohydrate percentage formula. The results obtained were 48,25% Inulin Flour yield, the proximate results obtained 80,8% water content, 0,36% ash content, 0,33% total fat content, 1,29% crude fiber content, protein content 1,15%, Carbohydrate content 14.6%. From this study, it can be concluded that dahlia tubers contain high carbohydrates and low-fat content, have crude fiber and protein that can be used as low-calorie foodstuffs.
Training in Formative Assessment and Use of Mobile Applications for High School Teachers as a Community Service Activity of the Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin
Authors: Nurhadi Asty Amalia , Asriyani Sri , Ardyansyah Bau Dilam , Aras Irwin , Budu Budu
Published: March 2022

The digital revolution had transformed human life in many ways, including the way people learn. It affected students who are very dependent on mobile devices, social media, and mobile applications. These transformations demanded teachers to also transform. Teachers needed to embrace the technology and integrate it into their learning strategies. The Department of Medical Education of the Faculty of Medicine of Universitas Hasanuddin (FMUH) received a grant for a community service project from the faculty. This study describes training aimed at equipping high school teachers with the capability of using several mobile applications, including Google Forms, Quizizz, and Anki flashcards. The FMUH yearly intake was almost 300 students per year which were mostly high school fresh graduates in Indonesia. As the teachers of our future students, we considered the need for technology use in promoting teachers’ competence. Therefore, as our community service project, we held a one-day training for high school teachers which focused on the use of various mobile applications in formative assessment. At the end of our training, we elicited our participants’ evaluation using a Likert-scale questionnaire and open-ended questions. The responses were analyzed using statistical and descriptive analysis. This training involved 79 teachers and the evaluation form was filled out by 55 participants. The analysis showed that all respondents agreed that the training was able to increase their competence in using mobile applications for formative assessment. They pointed out the importance of this training in increasing the quality of education. This training was considered very useful in increasing high school teachers’ competence in formative assessment as well as in digital learning. This type of training was proposed to be frequently conducted.
Role of Intravenous Thrombolytics Prior to Endovascular Thrombectomy
Authors: Campbell Bruce C.V. , Kappelhof Manon , Fischer Urs
Published: March 2022

Intravenous thrombolytics and endovascular thrombectomy for ischemic stroke have evolved in parallel. However, the best approach to combine these reperfusion therapies in patients eligible for both strategies remains uncertain. Initial randomized trials of endovascular thrombectomy included administration of intravenous thrombolytics to all eligible patients. However, whether that is of net benefit has been questioned and parallels drawn with treatment of ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction, where intravenous thrombolytics are only given if first medical contact to percutaneous intervention is expected to be >90 minutes. Six randomized trials of a direct thrombectomy approach versus intravenous thrombolytics followed by endovascular thrombectomy have now reported their results. With exception of a minority of patients in one trial, the trials all used alteplase rather than potentially more effective tenecteplase. This review examines the current state of evidence and implications for clinical practice. Importantly, these trials only apply to patients who present to a hospital with immediate access to endovascular thrombectomy and are not relevant to patients who receive thrombolytic and are then transferred to an endovascular-capable hospital. Although 2 of the 6 randomized trials met their prespecified noninferiority margin, these margins were large compared with the absolute benefit of alteplase. Overall, functional outcome was similar, with slight trends favoring bridging thrombolytics and a significant increase in final reperfusion. Symptomatic hemorrhage was increased by ≈1.8% in the bridging group but death was nonsignificantly lower. The workflow in direct thrombectomy trials involved delaying thrombolytic administration until eligibility for thrombectomy and the trials was established and randomization completed. This reduced the time available for thrombolytics to occur prethrombectomy compared with standard practice. We conclude that, pending individual-patient data meta-analyses, intravenous thrombolytics retain an important role alongside endovascular thrombectomy. Further efforts to accelerate and enhance reperfusion with thrombolytics and perform individual patient-level pooled subgroup analyses are warranted.
Öz Liderlik Stratejileri ve Bireysel Yenilikçilik: Başarılı Yaşlanma Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: FİDANBOY Cemalettin Öcal
Published: March 2022

Günlük hayatı idame ettirebilmek için güncel teknoloji kullanmak tüm bireyler için vazgeçilmez hale gelmiştir. İş yaşamındaki orta yaş üzerindeki çalışanların yeni teknolojilere uyum konusunda sıkıntılar yaşadıkları da bilinen bir gerçektir. Araştırmanın çıkış noktası, güncel teknolojileri kullanan orta yaş üzeri çalışanların veya çalışma açısından halen aktif olan emeklilerin geliştirebileceği öz liderlik stratejilerinin yenilikçilikle ilişkilerinin görgül olarak belirlenmesi ve bireysel yenilikçiliğin başarılı yaşlanma sürecine katkısına yönelik önerilerin geliştirilmesidir. Öz liderlik stratejileri, bireyin kendisini olumlu yönde etkileyebileceği bilişsel stratejilerden oluşmaktadır. Orta yaş üzeri çalışanlar geliştirilebilecek öz liderlik stratejilerinin bireysel yenilikçilikle ilişkilendirilebileceği ve bu stratejileri kullanarak yenilikçiliğini güçlendirebilen bireylerin başarılı yaşlanma sürecine katkı sağlanabileceği düşünülmüştür. Araştırmada kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak 45 yaşın üzerindeki 167 bireyle anket çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hipotezler analiz edilmiş, doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri yapılmış, ilişkiler sınanmış ve örneklem kapsamındaki bireylerin hangi yenilikçilik sınıflandırmada oldukları belirlenmiştir. Bulgular, örneklem kapsamındaki orta yaş üzeri bireylerin öz liderlik ve yenilikçilik davranışları arasında orta düzeyde anlamlı ilişkilerin bulunduğunu, aynı zamanda orta yaş üzerinde aktif çalışanların ve emeklilerin teknolojik yeniliklere sorgulayıcı bir bakış açısından baktıklarını göstermiştir.
Computation by Convective Logic Gates and Thermal Communication
Authors: Bartlett Stuart , Gao Andrew K. , Yung Yuk L.
Published: March 2022

We demonstrate a novel computational architecture based on fluid convection logic gates and heat flux-mediated information flows. Our previous work demonstrated that Boolean logic operations can be performed by thermally driven convection flows. In this work, we use numerical simulations to demonstrate a different , but universal Boolean logic operation (NOR), performed by simpler convective gates. The gates in the present work do not rely on obstacle flows or periodic boundary conditions, a significant improvement in terms of experimental realizability. Conductive heat transfer links can be used to connect the convective gates, and we demonstrate this with the example of binary half addition. These simulated circuits could be constructed in an experimental setting with modern, 2-dimensional fluidics equipment, such as a thin layer of fluid between acrylic plates. The presented approach thus introduces a new realm of unconventional, thermal fluid-based computation.
The Fibulae of Ingvald Undset
Authors: Ahrens Sven
Published: March 2022

In 1882 Ingvald Undset (1853-1893) acquired a collection of 122 fibulae and fragments in Rome for the University Museum in Christiania. Very likely it was Undset who catalogued the pieces by grouping them according to typological principals. Fibulae were of particular importance for the studies of Undset and his circle of colleagues and friends, since that artefact group was used to develop typological method in archaeology. Fibulae were also considered an excellent tool for chronological deductions. At the same time some important Scandinavian museum exhibitions were rearranged according to new concepts: pieces of the same artefact groups were aligned together in typological sequences. The didactical possibilities provided by such a large collection of fibulae and the possibility to demonstrate typological method are likely to be the motives behind Undset’s purchase. The typology used in the catalogue shows very strong dependence on recent typological studies, particularly on Oscar Montelius article on Bronze Age fibulae. Despite some problems, which can be blamed on the very limited comparative literature of that time, Undset’s typological grouping of some Roman fibulae show his sure instinct for the defi nition of new types. A publication of his results would have made a useful contribution to the knowledge of Roman fibulae of that time.
Descriptions of New Species of Chespirito Ferreira, Keller & Branham (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Chespiritoinae) and the First Record for the Subfamily in the United States
Authors: FERREIRA VINICIUS S. , KELLER OLIVER , IVIE MICHAEL A.
Published: March 2022

Three new species of Chespirito Ferreira, Keller and Branham 2020 are described from North America, including the first species from the United States: Chespirito milleri new species from Arizona, USA, Chespirito hintoni new species from Mexico state, Mexico and Chespirito costae new species from Morelo state, Mexico. An updated distribution map and key to males of Chespirito is provided along with illustrations of diagnostic characters of the newly described species.
Effects of Wu’s Slip and Non-Uniform Source/Sink on Entropy Optimized Radiative Magnetohydrodynamic Up/Down Flow of Nanofluids
Authors: Shaw S. , Chamkha Ali J. , Wakif A. , Makinde O. D. , Nayak M. K.
Published: March 2022

The main goal of this article is to examine the influence of shape factors, Wu’s slip, non-uniform heat source/sink on the radiative up and down hydromagnetic flow of SWCNT/MWCNT-water nanofluid past moving thin vertical needle. Entropy optimization analysis is carried out. Brick,
Cylinder, Platelet and Blade shapes of nanoparticles are considered. Numerical solutions are attained by well-known shooting technique. The comprehensive discussion regarding the effects of physical parameters on velocity, temperature, skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number is
carried on. Outcomes reveal that fluid velocity behaves in opposite manner in up and down flows of nanofluids in the presence of increasing magnetic field strength and second order slip. Strengthening of solid volume fractions contributes greater surface drag in both up and down flows. Moreover,
the shape effects of various kinds of SWCNT/MWCNT nanoparticles are studied and we visualized that the rate of heat transfer is augmented when the platelet shape of SWCNT/MWCNT nanoparticles are chosen.
Exact Solutions for Wall Jet Flow of Hybrid Nanofluid
Authors: Aly Emad H. , Mahabaleshwar U. S. , Anusha T. , Pop I.
Published: March 2022

Hybrid nanofluid wall jet problem of Glauert type has been investigated under effects of the thermal radiation, suction parameter, moving parameter, slip velocity and temperature jumps. Via similarity variables governing equations are converted to system of ODEs. Then, resulted equations
are solved exactly for velocity and temperature field in the view of gamma and hypergeometric functions. Further, to confirm the similarity solutions, a relationship between the free stream velocity, slip parameter along with suction parameter, moving parameter and solid volume fractions were
introduced. In addition, we discussed the physical existence of the slip parameter and asymptotic behavior in a relation with the moving and suction parameters. Further, the obtained outputs are matched with the previous works. It is seen that adding the copper nanoparticles to the nanofluid
titanium dioxide/water has effective part in the velocity behavior. Moreover, they warm the hybrid nanofluid on increasing the thermal radiation parameter. However, effects of suction and temperature jump parameters lead to cooling the hybrid nanofluid temperature. Furthermore, for enlarging
the wall velocity, the hybrid nanofluid is much better rather than the classical nanofluid. The current analysis has important applications; such as liquid crystal solidification and polymer process.
Application of Wireless Mesh Network in Interface Tracking Between Two Immiscible Fluids
Authors: Sharma Bhanu , Singh Amar
Published: March 2022

The characteristics of the interaction between immiscible fluids are prominent because of their intriguing conduct in many situations in the environment and industry, such as lubrication process, oil extraction, physicochemical process, and polymers co-extrusion. We examine the time-dependent
flow of two immiscible liquids via a horizontal channel in this paper. Due to external pressure, time, and other physical circumstances, the fluidfluid interface alters its location. It may collapse, even though it is non-slip and hyper-stick at the channel’s wall. Hence the single momentum
equation by the volume of fluid (VOF) method is combined with Wireless Mesh Network’s to track the interface. The modeled coupled partial differential equation is analytically solved for fluid interface evolution, and using the proposed Algorithm, the coverage and uniformity between
the node are calculated. Based on the calculations, the optimal node is selected to track the interface, resulting in discovering the lost information with the least distance. The advection and tracking of the interface with time through graphs. It is observed that the undulating sequence
occurs faster for a considerable high time, and the proposed algorithms track the interface with optimal node selection.
Nanoparticle Shapes (Sphere, Cylinder and Laminar) Impact with Dusty Carbon Nanotubes-Fluid in Magnetohydrodynamics Radiative Flow
Authors: Zaimuddin Izzatun Nazurah , Aman Fazlina
Published: March 2022

The idea of dust particles embedded on the MHD radiative flow of single walled carbon nanotubes-fluid (SWCNTs) and multi walled carbon nanotubes-fluid (MWCNTs) with different nanoparticle shapes along water, ethylene glycol and engine oil as based fluids has been investigated. Based
on the typical shapes (sphere, cylinder and laminar), the rate of heat transfer is analysed in between fluid phase and dust phase for the velocity and temperature profiles for the first time. The partial differential equations (PDEs) are reformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs)
using similarity transformation and are solved numerically using Runge-Kutta Fehlberg method with shooting technique. With several parameters involved such as volume fraction of dust particle/nanoparticle, magnetic strength, thermal radiation and various nanoparticle shapes, it is found that
the involvement of dust particle in carbon nanotubes-fluid (CNTs-fluid) has greater dynamic on heat transfer than a normal fluid. Moreover, the shape differences of nanoparticle resulting in different rate of the heat transfer. The impact of different shapes of nanoparticle are compared using
fixed parameter values.
Mesoscale Eddy Kinetic Energy Budgets and Transfers between Vertical Modes in the Agulhas Current
Authors: Tedesco P. , Gula J. , Penven P. , Ménesguen C.
Published: March 2022

Western boundary currents are hotspots of mesoscale variability and eddy–topography interactions, which channel energy toward smaller scales and eventually down to dissipation. Here, we assess the main mesoscale eddies energy sinks in the Agulhas Current region from a regional numerical simulation. We derive an eddy kinetic energy (
) budget in the framework of the vertical modes. It accounts for energy transfers between energy reservoirs and vertical modes, including transfers channeled by topography. The variability is dominated by mesoscale eddies (barotropic and first baroclinic modes) in the path of intense mean currents. Eddy–topography interactions result in a major mesoscale eddy energy sink, along three different energy routes, with comparable importance: transfers toward bottom-intensified time-mean currents, generation of higher baroclinic modes, and bottom friction. The generation of higher baroclinic modes takes different forms in the Northern Agulhas Current, where it corresponds to nonlinear transfers to smaller vertical eddies on the slope, and in the Southern Agulhas Current, where it is dominated by a (linear) generation of internal gravity waves over topography. Away from the shelf, mesoscale eddies gain energy by an inverse vertical turbulent cascade. However, the Agulhas Current region remains a net source of mesoscale eddy energy due to the strong generation of eddies, modulated by the topography, especially in the Southern Agulhas Current. It shows that the local generation of mesoscale eddies dominates the net
budget, contrary to the paradigm of mesoscale eddies decay upon western boundaries.
On the ROC Area of Ensemble Forecasts for Rare Events
Authors: Ben Bouallègue Zied , Richardson David S.
Published: March 2022

The relative operating characteristic (ROC) curve is a popular diagnostic tool in forecast verification, with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) used as a verification metric measuring the discrimination ability of a forecast. Along with calibration, discrimination is deemed as a fundamental probabilistic forecast attribute. In particular, in ensemble forecast verification, AUC provides a basis for the comparison of potential predictive skill of competing forecasts. While this approach is straightforward when dealing with forecasts of common events (e.g., probability of precipitation), the AUC interpretation can turn out to be oversimplistic or misleading when focusing on rare events (e.g., precipitation exceeding some warning criterion). How should we interpret AUC of ensemble forecasts when focusing on rare events? How can changes in the way probability forecasts are derived from the ensemble forecast affect AUC results? How can we detect a genuine improvement in terms of predictive skill? Based on verification experiments, a critical eye is cast on the AUC interpretation to answer these questions. As well as the traditional trapezoidal approximation and the well-known binormal fitting model, we discuss a new approach that embraces the concept of imprecise probabilities and relies on the subdivision of the lowest ensemble probability category.
Experiences of miscarriage: the voice of parents and health professionals
Authors: Figueredo-Borda Natalie , Ramírez-Pereira Mirliana , Gaudiano Pedro , Cracco Cecilia , Ramos Beatriz
Published: March 2022

The death of a child in the intrauterine stage has legal, psychological, spiritual, and health-related connotations that condition the woman’s experience. To understand better the processes set in motion around early pregnancy loss, this ethnographic study explores the experiences of miscarriage in a group of 15 women. The following themes are analyzed: Experience of losing the child, spirituality, health care, and the need to physically recognize the child. The study shows that the need women have to honor the child who did not live may be conditioned by the perception of an uncertain loss and by the absence of a place to honor him/her. Attitudes among professionals are revealed that could be perceived as gender-related abuse. The care of women places emphasis on physical aspects, underlining the lack of comprehensive care during the grieving process.
Unhelmeted Injured Cyclists in a Canadian Emergency Department: Cycling Behavior and Attitudes Towards Helmet Use
Authors: Varriano Brenda , Porplycia Danielle , Friedman Steven Marc
Published: March 2022

Introduction

We seek to characterize unhelmeted injured cyclists presenting to the emergency department: demographics, cycling behavior, and attitudes towards cycling safety and helmet use.

Methods

This was a prospective case series in a downtown teaching hospital. Injured cyclists presenting to the emergency department were recruited for a standardized survey if not wearing a helmet at time of injury and over age 18. Exclusion criteria included inability to consent (language barrier, cognitive impairment) or admission to hospital.

Results

We surveyed 72 UICs (unhelmeted injured cyclists) with mean age of 34.3 years (range 18–68, median 30, IQR 15.8 years). Most UICs cycled daily or most days per week in non-winter months (88.9%, n = 64). Most regarded cycling in Toronto as somewhat dangerous (44.4%, n = 32) or very dangerous (5.9%, n = 4). Almost all (98.6%, n = 71) had planned to cycle when departing home that day. UICs reported rarely (11.1%, n = 8) or never (65.3%, n = 47) wearing a helmet. Reported factors discouraging helmet use included inconvenience (31.9%, n = 23) and lack of ownership (33.3%, n = 24), but few characterized helmets as unnecessary (11.1%, n = 7) or ineffective (1.4%, n = 1).

Conclusions

Unhelmeted injured cyclists were frequent commuter cyclists who generally do not regard cycling as safe yet choose not to wear helmets for reasons largely related to convenience and comfort. Initiatives to increase helmet use should address these perceived barriers, and further explore cyclist perception regarding risk of injury and death.
Ethnic differences in success at application for consultant posts among United Kingdom physicians from 2011 to 2019: a retrospective cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Harvey PR , Phillips C , Newbery N , Nagamoottoo D , Woolf K , Trudgill NJ
Published: March 2022

Summary

Objectives

To identify associations between success following application for consultant physician posts and demographic factors.

Design

Logistic regression analysis of nationwide survey data.

Setting

United Kingdom (UK) physicians with a recent certificate of completion of training (CCT).

Participants

All UK trainee physicians who received a CCT between 2010 and 2019 were surveyed. Respondents were excluded if they had not applied for a consultant post or if application data were incomplete.

Main outcome measures

The primary outcome measure was success over the entire consultant application process, i.e. shortlisted and offered the post following the first application. Secondary outcomes were: shortlisted following first application and offered a consultant post at first interview.

Results

From 7037 CCT holders surveyed, 50.7% responded. While 1198 (59.7%) respondents were white, 760 (37.9%) were from minority ethnic groups and 50 (3.5%) were of unknown ethnicity. Primary medical qualification (PMQ) country was the UK in 75.3% (n = 1512). On multivariable logistic regression analysis the independent negative associations with success were: minority ethnicity (odds ratio [OR] 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43–0.71); p < 0.001) vs. white; PMQ from Europe (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.28–0.79; p = 0.004) or Asia (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.49–0.96; p = 0.027) vs. UK PMQ; year of CCT 2012 (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.24–0.68; p = 0.001), 2013 (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.23–0.65; p < 0.001), and 2014 (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.15–0.43; p < 0.001) vs. 2019. Specialties associated with lower success rates included Cardiology, Endocrinology, Genitourinary medicine, Palliative care, Renal and Respiratory, compared to Acute medicine.

Conclusions

Minority ethnic group candidates for consultant physician posts had lower success rates compared to white candidates after correction for important variables including specialty, time from and country of PMQ. This finding requires further evaluation to identify the causes for this variation.
Exploring self-care experiences of school counsellors: A qualitative study
Authors: Şimşir Gökalp Zeynep
Published: March 2022

School counsellors are responsible for maintaining their well-being to provide quality service for the students. Self-care activities are the best way to preserve and enhance the well-being of counsellors. In this vein, this study aimed to discover the self-care experiences of school counsellors employing a qualitative approach. Fifteen licensed school counsellors (eight of whom were female) from various schools in Turkey participated in the study. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews. The data analysis was carried out with an inductive thematic analysis approach using NVivo 11 software. The results of the study are presented under four interrelated themes which are self-care practices, improved wellness, increased productivity in schools, and barriers to self-care. Findings of the study are discussed based on literature and a number of suggestions are presented for future studies of researchers and practitioners.
Applications of the Premack Principle: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Herrod Jessica L. , Snyder Sara K. , Hart Joseph B. , Frantz Sarah J. , Ayres Kevin M.
Published: March 2022

The Premack principle states that any Response A can reinforce any other Response B if the independent rate of A is greater than the independent rate of B. This theory demonstrates reinforcer relativity, where the relative probabilities of responses can be more impactful than preference. Applying the Premack principle involves arranging the environment to restrict access to certain responses based on relative probabilities of a set of given responses. Though the Premack principle is described in modern behavior analytic texts, Konarski et al. identified a lack of empirical evidence to support its application. The purpose of the current paper is to systematically review the extant literature using the Premack principle and evaluate how and if researchers have applied reinforcer relativity as described by Premack and the subsequent effectiveness of these procedures. Additionally, we make recommendations for practitioners and future researchers based on our findings.
A case of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the maxilla with orbital cellulitis
Authors: Tajima Shori , Matsuno Hideo , Matsumoto Fumihiko , Ikeda Katsuhisa
Published: March 2022

Bisphosphonates are used for the treatment of bone metastases of cancer and prevention of osteoporosis. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) has unclear mechanisms, but its elucidation, prevention, and treatment are essential to improve patient outcomes.

An 88-year-old woman who was taking oral bisphosphonates for 4 years presented with a 5-day history of gradual orbital pain. Computed tomography (CT) revealed bilateral maxillary sinusitis and bony destruction at the base of the right maxillary sinus and inferior orbital wall. We diagnosed her with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the maxilla. In addition to intravenous antibiotic treatment, an endoscopic sinus surgery was performed. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of BRONJ with orbital cellulitis. This condition should be considered among patients taking bisphosphonates, who manifest with symptoms of orbital cellulitis and bone destruction on imaging.
Refining Interpretations of the Conowingo Site (18CE14): Ground Stone Analysis of the Stearns Collection
Authors: Sterner Katherine M. , Rose Caillete
Published: March 2022

The Conowingo site (18CE14) is described in the literature as a Late Archaic-Late Woodland seasonal base camp supported by a series of exploitive procurement camps supplying non-local lithic materials. This description of one of the largest pre-contact sites in Maryland has been de rigueur since the site was excavated by the Archaeological Society of Maryland in 1981–1982. Multiple severe flooding episodes have ensured that later excavations have not supplied much data to alter this narrative. However, the currently accepted time of occupation and interpretation of site function do not include data from over 100 years of avocational archaeologists collecting artifacts from the site. Analysis of the Stearns collection from the 1930s indicates the presence of Early and Middle Archaic components, and a much heavier reliance on local lithic materials than initially inferred.
Risk factors for hemolysis with centrifugal pumps in pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Is pump replacement an answer?
Authors: Chu Jian H , Sarathy Srivats , Ramesh Sonali , Rudolph Kristina , Raghavan Madhavan L , Badheka Aditya
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Hemolysis during pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is associated with increased risk for renal failure and mortality.

Objectives

We aim to describe risk factors for hemolysis in pediatric ECMO supported by centrifugal pumps.

Methods

We conducted an analysis of retrospective data collected at an academic children’s hospital from January 2017 to December 2019.

Measurements and results

Plasma-free hemoglobin (PFH) levels were measured daily, and hemolysis was defined as PFH>50 mg/dL. Of 46 ECMO runs over 528 ECMO days, hemolysis occurred in 23 (58%) patients over a total of 40 (8%) ECMO days. In multivariable logistic regression models, VA-ECMO (aOR=4.69, 95% CI: 1.01–21.83) and higher hemoglobin (aOR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.06–1.81) were independently associated with hemolysis. There were also non-significant trends toward increased risk for hemolysis with higher rotational pump speed (aOR=2.39, 95% CI: 0.75–7.65), higher packed red blood cell transfusions (aOR=1.15, 95% CI: 0.99–1.34), and higher cryoprecipitate transfusions (aOR=2.01, 95% CI: 0.83–4.86). Isolated pump exchanges that were performed in 12 patients with hemolysis led to significant decreases in PFH levels within 24 h (89 vs 11 mg/dL, p<0.01).

Conclusions

Hemolysis is common in pediatric ECMO using centrifugal pumps. Avoidance of high pump speeds and conservative administration of blood products may help to mitigate the risk for hemolysis. Furthermore, pump exchange may be an effective first-line treatment for hemolysis.
Integrating lived experiences of out-of-hours health services for people with palliative and end-of-life care needs with national datasets for people dying in Scotland in 2016: A mixed methods, multi-stage design
Authors: Mason Bruce , Carduff Emma , Laidlaw Sheonad , Kendall Marilyn , Murray Scott A , Finucane Anne , Moine Sebastien , Kerssens Joannes , Stoddart Andrew , Tucker Sian , Haraldsdottir Erna , Ritchie Sir Lewis , Fallon Marie , Keen Jeremy , Macpherson Stella , Moussa Lorna , Boyd Kirsty
Published: March 2022

Background:

Unscheduled care is used increasingly during the last year of life by people known to have significant palliative care needs.

Aim:

To document the frequency and patterns of use of unscheduled healthcare by people in their last year of life and understand the experiences and perspectives of patients, families and professionals about accessing unscheduled care out-of-hours.

Design:

A mixed methods, multi-stage study integrating a retrospective cohort analysis of unscheduled healthcare service use in the last year of life for all people dying in Scotland in 2016 with qualitative data from three regions involving service users, bereaved carers and general practitioners.

Setting:

Three contrasting Scottish Health Board regions and national datasets for the whole of Scotland.

Results:

People who died in Scotland in 2016 ( n = 56,407) had 472,360 unscheduled contacts with one of five services: telephone advice, primary care, ambulance service, emergency department and emergency hospital admission. These formed 206,841 individual continuous unscheduled care pathways: 65% starting out-of-hours. When accessing healthcare out-of-hours, patients and carers prioritised safety and a timely response. Their choice of which service to contact was informed by perceptions and previous experiences of potential delays and whether the outcome might be hospital admission. Professionals found it difficult to practice palliative care in a crisis unless the patient had previously been identified.

Conclusion:

Strengthening unscheduled care in the community, together with patient and public information about how to access these services could prevent hospital admissions of low benefit and enhance community support for people living with advanced illness.
Area-Based Compassionate Communities: A systematic integrative review of existing initiatives worldwide
Authors: Quintiens Bert , D’Eer Louise , Deliens Luc , Van den Block Lieve , Chambaere Kenneth , De Donder Liesbeth , Cohen Joachim , Smets Tinne
Published: March 2022

Background:

Area-Based Compassionate Communities are community public health interventions which focus on the role of the community in palliative care provision. They apply a set of actions based on the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion which aims to increase people’s control over their health.

Aim:

To review and compare Area-Based Compassionate Communities with respect to their contextual characteristics, development processes and evaluations.

Design:

A systematic integrative review with narrative synthesis. Registered in Prospero: CRD42020173406.

Data sources:

Five databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, Embase and Scopus) were consulted, consisting of publications from 1999 onwards. This was supplemented with grey literature and author-provided documentation.

Results:

Twenty articles were drawn from the peer reviewed search, three from grey literature and two from author-provided documentation. Notwithstanding the substantial variation in what is reported, all Area-Based Compassionate Community initiatives focus on multiple action areas of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. Variability in their contextual and developmental characteristics is high. Only a minority of initiatives have been evaluated and although conclusions are generally positive, what is evaluated often does not match their aims. Attaining support from policy makers can help in obtaining funding early in the project. Strengthening people’s social networks was a recurring community engagement strategy.

Conclusions:

While the concept of Area-Based Compassionate Communities is gaining momentum as a new paradigm for the creation of palliative care capacity across society, only a handful of initiatives have been described. The lack of formal evaluations of their envisaged health benefits indicates a pressing need for rigorous research about ongoing and future initiatives.
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis presenting with repetitive acute coronary syndrome, refractory coronary vasospasm, and spontaneous coronary dissection: a case report
Authors: Lin Maohuan , Su Zizhuo , Huang Jianzhong , Li Jiajie , Luo Niansang , Wang Jingfeng
Published: March 2022

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a type of eosinophilic vasculitis that is mainly limited to small- and medium-sized arteries. Cardiac involvement is the leading cause of death in patients with EGPA. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an important cause of acute coronary syndrome in middle-aged women with no or few traditional cardiovascular risk factors. EGPA manifesting as repetitive acute coronary syndrome and SCAD has not been reported. A 45-year-old woman presented with recurrent chest pain and cardiogenic shock associated with coronary vasospasm refractory to common vasodilators. Coronary angiography showed SCAD at the proximal right coronary artery. Blood tests showed significant eosinophilia. In addition to sinusitis as shown by nasal computed tomography and abnormal nerve conduction velocity, the diagnosis of EGPA was made and immunosuppression commenced. During a 20-month follow-up, the patient remained free from symptoms and adverse cardiovascular events. EGPA can involve coronary arteries and may rarely manifest as SCAD or vasospasm. We herein review the mechanism underlying coronary involvement of EGPA and emphasize special clues for its detection. Early recognition and initiation of immunosuppression therapy are important.
Association Between Hypertension Management Education and Multiple Healthy Behaviors: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kim Bomgyeol , Jang Sung-In , Kim Do Hee , Lee Sang Gyu , Kim Tae Hyun
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the association between hypertension management education and the adoption of multiple healthy behaviors.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Data from the 2019 Community Health Survey in Korea.

Subjects

Of the 213,900 participants in the 2019 database, 89,773 (42.0%) were hypertensive and 124,127 (58.0%) were normotensive.

Measures

Secondary data analysis included a 1:1 computer-assisted personal interview. “Multiple healthy behaviors” included not smoking, not drinking excessively, and walking briskly. “Hypertension management education” referred to information on hypertension management that participants received from clinics, hospitals, and public health centers, outside consultation with a doctor.

Analysis

The association between hypertension management education and the adoption of multiple healthy behaviors was evaluated using multiple logistic regression.

Results

In total, 89,773 (42.0%) participants were hypertensive. Among 61,589 patients with diagnosed hypertension, only 7,719 (12.5%) received hypertension management education. Participants who received such education were more likely to adopt multiple healthy behaviors (odds ratio [OR] = 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–1.34) than their counterparts (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.89–0.93). Participants with undiagnosed hypertension were least likely to adopt multiple healthy behaviors (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.86–0.92). No causal relationships were ascertained because of the cross-sectional study design.

Conclusions

Education can improve the adoption of multiple healthy lifestyles among hypertensive patients. Patients should be encouraged to participate in hypertension management education.
Weed Central: Cannabis Specialists and Polydrug Vendors in Mexico City
Authors: Chomczyński Piotr A. , Guy Roger , Cortés Rodrigo Cortina
Published: March 2022

Findings discussed in this article addressed a gap in the literature on cannabis markets in Mexico. This article primarily draws on interviews with ( N = 64) street drug dealers including 24 incarcerated ones, and ethnographic work in 3 impoverished neighborhoods in Mexico City. We find that cannabis sellers enter the profession through early biographical experiences that are reinforced throughout adolescence. Dealing in the context of this cannabis culture is not only acceptable in the present but also viewed as inherently part of their future. Further analysis reveals a typology of dealers that tends to be marked by the transition from cannabis specialists to polydrug vendors. As dealers progress to more profitable sales of hard drugs, they tend to lose the trust and support of neighborhood residents who view their suppliers, clients, and associates as dangerous. We conclude with policy interventions uniquely derived from ethnographic research that are intended to minimize the risk of escalating to more serious drug distribution while preserving community stability and cohesion.