bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Further evidence for GRIN2B mutation as the cause of severe epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Smigiel Robert , Kostrzewa Grazyna , Kosinska Joanna , Pollak Agnieszka , Stawinski Piotr , Szmida Elzbieta , Bloch Michal , Szymanska Krystyna , Karpinski Pawel , Sasiadek Maria M. , Ploski Rafal
Published: September 2016

Epileptic encephalopathies (EE) include a range of severe epilepsies in which intractable seizures or severe sub‐clinical epileptiform activity are accompanied by impairment of motor and cognitive functions. Mutations in several genes including ion channels and other genes whose function is not completely understood have been associated to some EE. In this report, we provide a detailed clinical description of a sporadic male patient with early‐onset epilepsy and epileptic encephalopathy in whom we performed complete exome sequencing (WES) and identified a GRIN2B mutation. The GRIN2B splicing mutation in intron 10 (c.2011‐1G>A) was revealed in a WES study. The result was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. No mutation was found in both parents. Our finding confirms that early‐onset EE may be caused not only by gain‐of‐function variants but also by splice site mutations—in particular those affecting the splice acceptor site of the 10th intron of the GRIN2B gene. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinicians’ experiences with the fragile X clinical and research consortium
Authors: Liu Jessica A. , Hagerman Randi J. , Miller Robert M. , Craft Lisa T. , Finucane Brenda , Tartaglia Nicole , Berry‐Kravis Elizabeth M. , Sherman Stephanie L. , Kidd Sharon A. , Cohen Jeffrey
Published: September 2016

The objectives of the study were to assess the attitudes and experiences of clinicians involved in a consortium of clinics serving people with fragile X‐associated disorders to gauge satisfaction with the consortium and its efforts to improve quality of life for patients and the community. An internet survey was sent to 26 fragile X (FX) clinic directors participating in the Fragile X Clinical and Research Consortium (FXCRC). Respondents were asked to complete 19 questions on consortium performance and outcomes relevant for their own clinic. The response rate was 84% (22/26), with two surveys providing incomplete data. Assistance with clinic establishment, opportunities for research collaborations, and access to colleagues and information were highly valued. Approximately 76% of clinicians reported improvements in patient care and 60% reported an increase in patient services. There was a 57% increase in participation in a FX‐related clinical trial among clinics since joining the FXCRC (24% vs. 81%). Overall, respondents reported primarily positive experiences from participation in the FXCRC. Common suggestions for improvement included additional financial support and increased utilization of collected patient data for research purposes. Additionally, a Clinic Services Checklist was administered annually to examine changes in services offered over time. There were several important changes regarding the provision of services by clinics, often with multiple clinics changing with respect to a service. In conclusion, the FXCRC has led to the establishment and sustainment of fragile X clinics in the U.S., fostered cooperation among fragile X clinicians, and provided clinics with a platform to share recommendations and best practices to maximize quality of life for their patients and the overall fragile X community. The results from the survey and checklist also provide suggestions to strengthen the FXCRC and enhance future collaborations among FXCRC members. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tandem Difluoroalkylation‐Arylation of Enamides Catalyzed by Nickel
Authors: Gu Ji‐Wei , Min Qiao‐Qiao , Yu Ling‐Chao , Zhang Xingang
Published: September 2016

A nickel‐catalyzed three‐component reaction for the synthesis of difluoroalkylated compounds through tandem difluoroalkylation‐arylation of enamides has been developed. The reaction tolerates a variety of arylboronic acids and widely available difluoroalkyl bromides, and even the relatively inert substrate chlorodifluoroacetate. The significant advantages of this protocol are the low‐cost nickel catalyst, synthetic convenience, excellent functional‐group compatibility and high reaction efficiency.
Organic Polymer Dots as Photocatalysts for Visible Light‐Driven Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Wang Lei , Fernández‐Terán Ricardo , Zhang Lei , Fernandes Daniel L. A. , Tian Lei , Chen Hong , Tian Haining
Published: September 2016

For the first time, organic semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) based on poly[(9,9′‐dioctylfluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl)‐co‐(1,4‐benzo‐{2,1′,3} thiadiazole)] (PFBT) and polystyrene grafting with carboxyl‐group‐functionalized ethylene oxide (PS‐PEG‐COOH) are introduced as a photocatalyst towards visible‐light‐driven hydrogen generation in a completely organic solvent‐free system. With these organic Pdots as the photocatalyst, an impressive initial rate constant of 8.3 mmol h−1 g−1 was obtained for visible‐light‐driven hydrogen production, which is 5‐orders of magnitude higher than that of pristine PFBT polymer under the same catalytic conditions. Detailed kinetics studies suggest that the productive electron transfer quench of the excited state of Pdots by an electron donor is about 40 %. More importantly, we also found that the Pdots can tolerate oxygen during catalysis, which is crucial for further application of this material for light‐driven water splitting.
Oxocarbon Salts for Fast Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Zhao Qing , Wang Jianbin , Lu Yong , Li Yixin , Liang Guangxin , Chen Jun
Published: September 2016

Oxocarbon salts (M2(CO)n) prepared through one‐pot proton exchange reactions with different metal ions (M=Li, Na, K) and frameworks (n=4, 5, 6) have been rationally designed and used as electrodes in rechargeable Li, Na, and K‐ion batteries. The results show that M2(CO)5/M2(CO)6 salts can insert two or four metal ions reversibly, while M2(CO)4 shows less electrochemical activity. Especially, we discover that the K2C6O6 electrode enables ultrafast potassium‐ion insertion/extraction with 212 mA h g−1 at 0.2 C and 164 mA h g−1 at 10 C. This behavior can be ascribed to the natural semiconductor property of K2C6O6 with a narrow band gap close to 0.9 eV, the high ionic conductivity of the K‐ion electrolyte, and the facilitated K‐ion diffusion process. Moreover, a first example of a K‐ion battery with a rocking‐chair reaction mechanism of K2C6O6 as cathode and K4C6O6 as anode is introduced, displaying an operation voltage of 1.1 V and an energy density of 35 Wh kg−1. This work provides an interesting strategy for constructing rapid K‐ion batteries with renewable and abundant potassium materials.
Novel Oligopyrrole Carboxamide based Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) Salens, Their Targeting of Human G‐Quadruplex DNA, and Selective Cancer Cell Toxicity
Authors: Ali Asfa , Kamra Mohini , Roy Soma , Muniyappa K. , Bhattacharya Santanu
Published: September 2016

DNA targeting by various metal complexes is a key strategy toward the restriction of cancer cell proliferation. Toward this end, we designed and synthesized novel salen‐based NiII and PdII metal complexes with positively charged flanking side chains comprising N‐methylpyrrole carboxamides of varying lengths. The compounds showed high specificity toward G‐quadruplex DNA over duplex DNA. Sufficient inhibition of the telomerase activity was observed, which was ascertained by the prominent restriction of cancer cell proliferation in the long‐term cell viability and telomerase inhibition assays. The compounds exhibited selective cancer cell death following an apoptotic pathway. Analysis of the binding mode showed partial stacking of the salen moiety over the G‐tetrads and association of the pendant oligopyrrole carboxamide units with the grooves. The conjugation of the tetrad‐binding metal salen core with groove‐oriented flexible oligopyrrole moieties resulted in the high selectivity and stabilization of the human G‐quadruplex DNA structures.
Arginine‐Substituted Phthalocyanine with Concentration‐Driven Self‐Disaggregation Performance: Synthesis, Properties and Mechanistic Study
Authors: Wang Ao , Zhou Rongrong , Zhou Lin , Sun Kang , Zhou Jiahong , Wei Shaohua , Jiang Jianchun
Published: September 2016

An arginine‐substituted zinc phthalocyanine (ArgZnPc) capable of disaggregating at high concentrations in polar non‐aqueous solvents through concentration‐driven hydrogen bond type transformation has been prepared. The ArgZnPc was prepared through a guanidine‐meditated self‐catalytic ester hydrolysis reaction. The concentration‐driven disaggregation of ArgZnPc was confirmed by UV‐Vis absorption spectra, fluorescence emission spectra and lifetimes, and singlet oxygen quantum yield data.
Age‐related differences in brain network activation and co‐activation during multiple object tracking
Authors: Dørum Erlend S. , Alnæs Dag , Kaufmann Tobias , Richard Geneviève , Lund Martina J. , Tønnesen Siren , Sneve Markus H. , Mathiesen Nina C. , Rustan Øyvind G. , Gjertsen Øivind , Vatn Sigurd , Fure Brynjar , Andreassen Ole A. , Nordvik Jan Egil , Westlye Lars T.
Published: September 2016

Introduction

Multiple object tracking (MOT) is a powerful paradigm for measuring sustained attention. Although previous fMRI studies have delineated the brain activation patterns associated with tracking and documented reduced tracking performance in aging, age‐related effects on brain activation during MOT have not been characterized. In particular, it is unclear if the task‐related activation of different brain networks is correlated, and also if this coordination between activations within brain networks shows differential effects of age.

Methods

We obtained fMRI data during MOT at two load conditions from a group of younger (n = 25, mean age = 24.4 ± 5.1 years) and older (n = 21, mean age = 64.7 ± 7.4 years) healthy adults. Using a combination of voxel‐wise and independent component analysis, we investigated age‐related differences in the brain network activation. In order to explore to which degree activation of the various brain networks reflect unique and common mechanisms, we assessed the correlations between the brain networks' activations.

Results

Behavioral performance revealed an age‐related reduction in MOT accuracy. Voxel and brain network level analyses converged on decreased load‐dependent activations of the dorsal attention network (DAN) and decreased load‐dependent deactivations of the default mode networks (DMN) in the old group. Lastly, we found stronger correlations in the task‐related activations within DAN and within DMN components for younger adults, and stronger correlations between DAN and DMN components for older adults.

Conclusion

Using MOT as means for measuring attentional performance, we have demonstrated an age‐related attentional decline. Network‐level analysis revealed age‐related alterations in network recruitment consisting of diminished activations of DAN and diminished deactivations of DMN in older relative to younger adults. We found stronger correlations within DMN and within DAN components for younger adults and stronger correlations between DAN and DMN components for older adults, indicating age‐related alterations in the coordinated network‐level activation during attentional processing.
Anticancer nanoparticulate polymer‐drug conjugate
Authors: Feng Quanyou , Tong Rong
Published: September 2016

We review recent progress in polymer‐drug conjugate for cancer nanomedicine. Polymer‐drug conjugates, including the nanoparticle prepared from these conjugates, are designed to release drug in tumor tissues or cells in order to improve drugs’ therapeutic efficacy. We summarize general design principles for the polymer‐drug conjugate, including the synthetic strategies, the design of the chemical linkers between the drug and polymer in the conjugate, and the in vivo drug delivery barriers for polymer‐drug conjugates. Several new strategies, such as the synthesis of polymer‐drug conjugates and supramolecular‐drug conjugates, the use of stimulus‐responsive delivery, and triggering the change of the nanoparticle physiochemical properties to over delivery barriers, are also highlighted.
Development of pseudo‐linear gradient elution for high‐throughput resin selectivity screening in RoboColumn® Format
Authors: Kiesewetter André , Menstell Peter , Peeck Lars H. , Stein Andreas
Published: September 2016

Rapid development of chromatographic processes relies on effective high‐throughput screening (HTS) methods. This article describes the development of pseudo‐linear gradient elution for resin selectivity screening using RoboColumns®. It gives guidelines for the implementation of this HTS method on a Tecan Freedom EVO® robotic platform, addressing fundamental aspects of scale down and liquid handling. The creation of a flexible script for buffer preparation and column operation plus efficient data processing provided the basis for this work. Based on the concept of discretization, linear gradient elution was transformed into multistep gradients. The impact of column size, flow rate, multistep gradient design, and fractionation scheme on separation efficiency was systematically investigated, using a ternary model protein mixture. We identified key parameters and defined optimal settings for effective column performance. For proof of concept, we examined the selectivity of several cation exchange resins using various buffer conditions. The final protocol enabled a clear differentiation of resin selectivity on miniature chromatography column (MCC) scale. Distinct differences in separation behavior of individual resins and the influence of buffer conditions could be demonstrated. Results obtained with the robotic platform were representative and consistent with data generated on a conventional chromatography system. A study on antibody monomer/high molecular weight separation comparing MCC and lab scale under higher loading conditions provided evidence of the applicability of the miniaturized approach to practically relevant feedstocks with challenging separation tasks as well as of the predictive quality for larger scale. A comparison of varying degrees of robotic method complexity with corresponding effort (analysis time and labware consumption) and output quality highlights tradeoffs to select a method appropriate for a given separation challenge or analytical constraints. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1503–1519, 2016
Virtualization of the process control laboratory using ASPEN HYSYS
Authors: Taimoor Aqeel Ahmad
Published: September 2016

Undergraduate chemical engineering students should be trained differently from other disciplines in control theory. ASPEN HYSYS provides basic modules for the unit operation with dynamics that can be used in elucidating the intended principles to control students virtually, which are not available in MATLAB (SIMULINK). A total of six workshops are designed. The laboratory course starts by familiarizing students to dynamic feature of the commercial software. Students are then introduced to operational safety aspects, by solving a runaway CSTR model. Importance of transfer functions is elucidated as an approach to integrate with different other electrical devices. Frequency response analysis is then presented using the transfer function to visualize instability. Two experiments are designed for PID controller so that students can envisage the affect of tuning parameters on absolute integrated error, offset, and regulation of manipulated variable. Different tuning methods and their objectives are also explained. The comparison between SIMULINK and HYSYS simulation is discussed. Modules are provided as supplement material. Surveys and direct assessment tools evaluate student's understanding of the course. The results are compared with the previous session using SIMULINK as laboratory tool presenting higher satisfaction with HYSYS. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:887–898, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21758
Unconstrained Gibbs minimization for solving multireaction chemical equilibria using a stochastic global optimizer
Authors: Fateen Seif‐Eddeen K.
Published: September 2016

This paper presents a simple method for solving multireaction chemical equilibrium problems via Gibbs Minimization through the use of a stochastic global optimizer. The method is explained at the level of upper‐undergraduate chemistry or chemical engineering students. Its matlab code is also presented and explained. Four examples with varying difficulties illustrate the versatility and robustness of the method, which is simple, general, and scalable and can be easily extended to simultaneous chemical and phase equilibrium problems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:899–904, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21759
Papillomatosis cutis lymphostatica
Authors: Aydin Dogu , Heidenheim Michael
Published: September 2016

Key Clinical Message

Papillomatosis cutis lymphostatica is a benign, usually asymptomatic and underreported condition resulting from primary lymphedema or damage of lymphatic vessels due to diabetes. Cases have only been published sporadically. The presented image may help future colleagues to establish the diagnosis.
Recent Progress in Metal Catalyzed Direct Carboxylation of Aryl Halides and Pseudo Halides Employing CO2: Opportunities for 11C Radiochemistry
Authors: Ahamed Muneer , Verbeek Joost , Funke Uta , Lecina Joan , Verbruggen Alfons , Bormans Guy
Published: September 2016

Carbon dioxide (CO2) as a synthon in organic transformations is very useful, especially when combined with transition metal catalysts. CO2 insertion on carbon(Aryl)‐metal is are an elegant route to construct carbon–carbon bonds. A limited number of reports have been published to date on the direct conversion of aryl halides (or pseudo halides) to aryl carboxylic acids using transition metal catalysts. These reactions place great demand on the choice of catalyst, starting material, and reducing agent. However, these approaches could be of interest for the synthesis of a wide range of biologically active small molecules. Such transformations have already been applied for the synthesis of radiolabeled compounds for imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) using cyclotron produced [11C]CO2 and may be applicable to the production of a diverse range of PET tracers.
A Structurally Variable Porous Organic Salt Based on a Multidirectional Supramolecular Cluster
Authors: Miyano Tetsuya , Okada Naoki , Nishida Ryunosuke , Yamamoto Atsushi , Hisaki Ichiro , Tohnai Norimitsu
Published: September 2016

A porous organic salt (POS) composed of 2‐sulfophenyl anthracene (2‐SPA) and triphenylmetylamine (TPMA) forms five types of porous crystals, POS‐a–e, by recognizing subtle differences in the molecular structure of incorporated guest molecules. This structurally variable POS was hierarchically designed on the basis of a supramolecular cluster with a directionally flexible linker formed by the organic salt. X‐ray crystallographic analysis reveals that the salt forms six conformers attributable to rocking and rotational motions of the phenylene group in 2‐SPA. The clusters form POS crystals through different porous networks according to the conformers. The POS crystals show a wide range of fluorescence spectra that are responsive to differences in the molecular and electronic structure of the guest molecule. This remarkable behavior has potential application in sensitive chemical sensors that are responsive to slight differences in molecular structures.
Multiple Roles of Isocyanides in Palladium‐Catalyzed Imidoylative Couplings: A Mechanistic Study
Authors: Perego Luca A. , Fleurat‐Lessard Paul , El Kaïm Laurent , Ciofini Ilaria , Grimaud Laurence
Published: September 2016

Kinetic, spectroscopic and computational studies examining a palladium‐catalyzed imidoylative coupling highlight the dual role of isocyanides as both substrates and ligands for this class of transformations. The synthesis of secondary amides from aryl halides and water is presented as a case study. The kinetics of the oxidative addition of ArI with RNC‐ligated Pd0 species have been studied and the resulting imidoyl complex [(ArC=NR)Pd(CNR)2I] (Ar=4‐F‐C6H4, R=tBu) has been isolated and characterized by X‐ray diffraction. The unprecedented ability of this RNC‐ligated imidoyl‐Pd complex to undergo reductive elimination at room temperature to give the amide in the presence of water and an F−/HF buffer is demonstrated. Its behavior in solution has also been characterized, revealing an unexpected strong tendency to give cationic complexes, and notably [(ArC=NR)Pd(CNR)3]+ with excess isocyanide and [(ArC=NR)Pd(
)(CNR)]+ with bidentate phosphines (
). These species may be responsible for catalyst deactivation and side‐reactions. Ab initio calculations performed at the DFT level allowed us to rationalize the multiple roles of RNC in the different steps of the catalytic cycle.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Dimensional Phosphorus Oxides as Energy and Information Materials.
Authors: Luo Wei , Xiang Hongjun
Published: September 2016

The lowest‐energy structures of two‐dimensional PnO (n = 8, 6, 4, 2), P4O4, and P2O3 are predicted by a global optimization method based on the particle swarm optimization technique.
ChemInform Abstract: An Air‐Stable Na3SbS4 Superionic Conductor Prepared by a Rapid and Economic Synthetic Procedure.
Authors: Wang Hui , Chen Yan , Hood Zachary D. , Sahu Gayatri , Pandian Amaresh Samuthira , Keum Jong Kahk , An Ke , Liang Chengdu
Published: September 2016

Phase pure Na3SbS4 as a solid electrolyte for all‐solid‐state Na batteries is produced by heating Na3SbS4·9H2O at 150 °C for 1 h under vacuum.
ChemInform Abstract: Hierarchical γ‐BaB2O4 Hollow Microspheres: Surfactant‐Assisted Hydrothermal Formation, Phase Conversion, Optical Properties and Application as Adsorbents.
Authors: Chen Xiuping , Zhai Peiyan , Li Jie , Zhang Heng , Zhu Wancheng
Published: September 2016

Hierarchical γ‐BaB2O4 hollow microspheres are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous solutions of Ba(OH)2, H3BO3, and Na2(EDTA) (autoclave, 180 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of Grignard Reagents to Alkenyl‐Substituted Aromatic N‐Heterocycles.
Authors: Jumde Ravindra P. , Lanza Francesco , Veenstra Marieke J. , Harutyunyan Syuzanna R.
Published: September 2016

A highly enantioselective and chemoselective catalytic transformation of a wide range of β‐substituted conjugated alkenyl‐N‐heteroaromatics to their corresponding chiral alkylated products is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Heterocycles Derived from 4‐Arylmethylene‐2‐phenyl‐1,3‐oxazole‐5(4H)‐ones.
Authors: Youssef Ahmed S. A. , Kandeel Kamal A. , Abou‐Elmagd Wael S. I. , Haneen David S. A.
Published: September 2016

Pyrazolone, triazinone, and Schiff bases are prepared in multistep reactions via hydrazinolysis of the title oxazolones.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Double C—H Functionalization of 2‐Aryl‐1,3‐dicarbonyl Compounds: A Facile Access to Alkenylated Benzopyrans.
Authors: Choppakatla Subrahmanyam , Dachepally Aravind Kumar , Bollikolla Hari Babu
Published: September 2016

The title benzopyrans are prepared by a palladium‐catalyzed oxidative annulation/nucleophilic substitution sequence from various dicarbonyl compounds and allylic acetate.
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclable Polystyrene‐Supported Copper Catalysts for the Aerobic Oxidative Homocoupling of Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Yan Shuo , Pan Shiguang , Osako Takao , Uozumi Yasuhiro
Published: September 2016

1,3‐Diynes are efficiently prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Decarboxylative Cross‐Electrophile Coupling of N‐Hydroxyphthalimide Esters with Aryl Iodides.
Authors: Huihui Kierra M. M. , Caputo Jill A. , Melchor Zulema , Olivares Astrid M. , Spiewak Amanda M. , Johnson Keywan A. , DiBenedetto Tarah A. , Kim Seoyoung , Ackerman Laura K. G. , Weix Daniel J.
Published: September 2016

A new method for the decarboxylative coupling of alkyl N‐hydroxyphthalimide esters with aryl iodides is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective CuH‐Catalyzed Hydroallylation of Vinylarenes.
Authors: Wang Yi‐Ming , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: September 2016

An intermolecular, enantioselective hydroallylation of vinylarenes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Reaction of Trifluoromethylketone N‐Tosylhydrazones and Arylboronates.
Authors: Zhang Zhikun , Yu Weizhi , Zhou Qi , Li Tianjiao , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo
Published: September 2016

A new method to synthesize 1,1‐difluoro‐2,2‐diaryl olefins is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light Induced Azidation of Aldehydic C—H with Carbon Tetrabromide and Sodium Azide.
Authors: Yadav Vinod K. , Srivastava Vishnu P. , Yadav Lal Dhar S.
Published: September 2016

The protocol utilizes visible light as an inexpensive and sustainable energy source and is also applicable to a convenient one‐pot synthesis of carbamoyl azides starting directly from aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Mutual Cooperation in the Formal Allyl Alcohol Nucleophilic Substitution and Hydration of Alkynes for the Construction of γ‐Substituted Ketones.
Authors: Huang Kaimeng , Wang Hongkai , Liu Lingyan , Chang Weixing , Li Jing
Published: September 2016

The mild one‐pot reaction between aryl substituted 3‐hydroxy‐1‐en‐5‐ynes and a broad range of O, C or N‐nucleophiles delivers ketones in generally high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Carboxylation of Phenols with CO2 at Atmospheric Pressure.
Authors: Luo Junfei , Preciado Sara , Xie Pan , Larrosa Igor
Published: September 2016

This convenient and efficient method for the ortho‐carboxylation of phenols under atmospheric CO2 pressure provides an alternative to the Kolbe—Schmitt method, which requires very high pressures of CO2.
ChemInform Abstract: Water — The Best Solvent for DMAP‐Mediated Dual Cyclization Towards Metal‐Free First Synthesis of Fully Substituted Phthalimides.
Authors: Samai Subhasis , Ghosh Debasish , Das Uttam K. , Atta Sanghamitra , Manna Saikat K. , Maiti Dilip K.
Published: September 2016

DMAP in water is applied for an intermolecular assembly of acetyl/benzoyl acetanilides (I) and alkynes (II) via a new [2‐+ 2 + 2] and [3 + 2] cascade dual annulation.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Metal‐Free Aerobic Photooxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides Mediated by a Vitamin B2 Derivative and Visible Light.
Authors: Nevesel� Tomas , Svobodova Eva , Chudoba Josef , Sikorski Marek , Cibulka Radek
Published: September 2016

The method is chemoselective, producing sulfoxide without overoxidation to sulfones.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluoride‐Free Hiyama Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by Linear Polystyrene‐Stabilized PdO Nanoparticles in Water: Specific Reactivity of PdO Nanoparticles over Pd Nanoparticles.
Authors: Ohtaka Atsushi , Kotera Takamasa , Sakon Akira , Ueda Kouhei , Hamasaka Go , Uozumi Yasuhiro , Shinagawa Tsutomu , Shimomura Osamu , Nomura Ryoki
Published: September 2016

The catalytic system exhibits high activity in coupling reactions of aryltrimethoxysilanes with a range of bromoarenes affording the corresponding biphenyls.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Sequential Cyclization of 1‐En‐3,9‐Diyne Esters to Partially Hydrogenated 3H‐Dicyclopenta[a,b]naphthalenes.
Authors: Rao Weidong , Boyle Joshua William , Chan Philip Wai Hong
Published: September 2016

The mild one‐step cycloisomerization strategy delivers complex molecular architectures in high yields which are inaccessible following conventional methods.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Fully Heterogeneous Synthesis of Pyrrole‐2‐acetic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Gabrielli Serena , Ciabattoni Ludovica , Sampaolesi Susanna , Ballini Roberto , Palmieri Alessandro
Published: September 2016

starting from pyrroles and β‐nitroacrylates
ChemInform Abstract: Stepwise Iododesilylation and Coupling Reaction: A Flexible Route to 2,4‐Disubstituted‐1H‐pyrroles.
Authors: Liu Jianhui , Fu Nanyan , Wei Changyun , Song Zhucao
Published: September 2016

A new strategy for the synthesis of 2,4‐disubstituted pyrroles using a stepwise iododesilylation and coupling reaction is established.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Visible‐Light‐Induced Radical‐Addition Reactions to 3‐Alkylidene Indolin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Lenhart Dominik , Bauer Andreas , Poethig Alexander , Bach Thorsten
Published: September 2016

A high‐yielding reaction of 3‐alkylidene‐substituted indolin‐2‐ones with various N‐(trimethylsilyl)methyl amines is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Pyrrolo[3,2‐c]carbazole and Dipyrrolo[3,2‐c:2′,3′‐g]carbazole Derivatives.
Authors: Sengul Ibrahim Fazil , Astarci Erhan , Kandemir Hakan
Published: September 2016

Starting from 9‐ethylcarbazole as common precursor, the syntheses of pyrrole (VI) and bispyrrole (X) derivatives are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Formic Acid as a Sustainable and Complementary Reductant: An Approach to Fused Benzimidazoles by Molecular Iodine‐Catalyzed Reductive Redox Cyclization of o‐Nitro‐t‐anilines.
Authors: Nguyen T. B. , Ermolenko L. , Al‐Mourabit A.
Published: September 2016

Molecular iodine proves to be an excellent catalyst for the reductive redox cyclization of (o‐dialkylamino)nitrobenzenes and related educts furnishing benzimidazole derivatives in good yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis and Configurational Assignment of Novel Functionalized Cyclic Sulfamidites Precursors of Cyclic Sulfamidates.
Authors: Slama Soumaya , Arfaoui Youssef , Besbes Rafaa
Published: September 2016

The new exo‐3,4,5‐trisubstituted sulfamidites (II) are formed through a diastereoselective cyclization of the corresponding erythro‐1,2‐aminoalcohol diesters.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Trifluoromethanesulfonate Substituted 3,6‐Dihydropyrans and Their Application in Various C—C Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Saikia Anil K. , Ghosh Priya , Kautarya Ashutosh K.
Published: September 2016

The title dihydropyrans are regioselectively prepared by a Prins cyclization and applied in subsequent coupling reactions such as Suzuki, Heck, Stille, and Sonogashira reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antioxidant Properties of Novel 2H‐Chromene‐3‐carboxylate and 3‐Acetyl‐2H‐chromene Derivatives.
Authors: Sivaguru Paramasivam , Sandhiya Raman , Adhiyaman Mani , Lalitha Appaswami
Published: September 2016

The title chromenes are efficiently prepared by Knoevenagel condensation of active methylene compounds with aromatic azosalicylaldehydes using piperidine as catalyst followed by nucleophilic addition of the phenolic hydroxyl group to the carbonyl group of one of the ester groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Cycloaddition of in situ‐Generated ortho‐Quinone Methides and Azlactones by a Triple Broensted Acid Activation Strategy.
Authors: Yu Xiao‐Ye , Chen Jia‐Rong , Wei Qiang , Cheng Hong‐Gang , Liu Zhi‐Cheng , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: September 2016

A stereoselective [4+2] cycloaddition of in situ‐generated ortho‐quinone methides and azlactone enols is developed based on a triple Broensted acid catalysis strategy.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed [3 + 3] Cycloaddition of Propargyl Acetals and Nitrones.
Authors: Evjen Sigvart , Fiksdahl Anne
Published: September 2016

A formal [3+3] cycloaddition reaction of propargylic acetals with nitrones provides 3,6‐dihydro‐2H‐1,2‐oxazines with cis‐stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Site‐Selective and Stereoselective C(sp3)—H Borylation of Alkyl Side Chains of 1,3‐Azoles with a Silica‐Supported Monophosphine‐Iridium Catalyst.
Authors: Murakami Ryo , Iwai Tomohiro , Sawamura Masaya
Published: September 2016

The borylation affords primary and secondary alkylboronates under relatively mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyhydrides of Platinum Group Metals: Nonclassical Interactions and σ‐Bond Activation Reactions
Authors: Esteruelas Miguel A. , Lopez Ana M. , Olivan Montserrat
Published: September 2016

Review: 528 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dihydrogen Complexation
Authors: Crabtree Robert H.
Published: September 2016

Review: 189 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sustainable Gold Catalysis: Synthesis of New Spiroacetals
Authors: Wagner Bernd , Belger Katrin , Minkler Stefan , Belting Volker , Krause Norbert
Published: September 2016

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Activation and Formation of Aromatic C—F Bonds
Authors: LaBerge Nicole A. , Love Jennifer A.
Published: September 2016

Review: 155 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquids in Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Hydroformylation Reactions
Authors: Rieger Bernhard , Plikhta Andriy , Castillo‐Molina Dante A.
Published: September 2016

Review: 192 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Amino Acid‐Derived Bifunctional Phosphines for Enantioselective Transformations
Authors: Wang Tianli , Han Xiaoyu , Zhong Fangrui , Yao Weijun , Lu Yixin
Published: September 2016

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: ILs in Transition Metal‐Catalysed Alkoxy‐ and Aminocarbonylation
Authors: Skoda‐Foldes Rita
Published: September 2016

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Carbon—Nitrogen, Carbon—Phosphorus and Carbon—Sulfur Bond Formation and Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Renaud Jean‐Luc , Gaillard Sylvain
Published: September 2016

Review: 184 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Plant‐Derived Urease Inhibitors as Alternative Chemotherapeutic Agents
Authors: Hassan Sherif T. S. , Zemlicka Milan
Published: September 2016

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: DFT Studies on Structure and Spectroscopic Properties of α,β‐Unsaturated Ester Dipolarophiles; Application in Prediction of Their Reactivities with C‐Phenyl‐N‐methyl Nitrone
Authors: Ghosh Anindita , Banerji Avijit , Banerji Julie
Published: September 2016

Review: [34 refs.
Promoted isomerization of aldoses to ketoses in subcritical aqueous acetonitrile
Authors: Gao Da‐Ming , Kobayashi Takashi , Adachi Shuji
Published: September 2016

Isomerizations of d‐glucose, d‐mannose, d‐fructose, d‐galactose, d‐xylose, d‐ribose, cellobiose, maltose, lactose, and melibiose were investigated in subcritical aqueous acetonitrile. d‐Glucose and d‐mannose were preferred to be isomerized to d‐fructose, while d‐fructose mainly underwent decomposition rather than isomerization. Effects of acetonitrile concentration and temperature on saccharide isomerization were investigated using glucose as a substrate. The conversion of d‐glucose and yield of d‐fructose were improved with increasing acetonitrile concentration at 180 to 200 °C. In attempts to produce rare ketoses simply, d‐tagatose, d‐xylulose, d‐ribulose, cellobiulose, maltulose, lactulose, and melibiulose were successfully produced in high yields and selectivities by treating their corresponding aldoses with subcritical aqueous acetonitrile.
Synthesis of Iron Oxide Palladium Nanoparticles and Their Catalytic Applications for Direct Coupling of Acyl Chlorides with Alkynes
Authors: Sharma Rakesh K. , Yadav Manavi , Gaur Rashmi , Gupta Radhika , Adholeya Alok , Gawande Manoj B.
Published: September 2016

A new, magnetic, silica‐based, palladium nanocatalyst has been synthesized and employed for the first time in the direct coupling of acyl chlorides with terminal alkynes to prepare a variety of ynones. The synthesized nanocomposite is an excellent heterogeneous catalyst for copper‐free, phosphine‐free, C−C bond formation through the Sonogashira reaction under aerobic conditions at room temperature without the use of any additives and inert conditions. The synthesized catalyst has been comprehensively characterized by various techniques, such as XRD, SEM, TEM, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma, FTIR spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. This nanocatalyst can be magnetically recovered and reused in multiple runs without any noticeable loss in catalytic activity.
CuInGaSe nanocrystals for detection of trace amount of water in D2O (at ppm level)
Authors: Mir Irshad Ahmad , Rawat Kamla , Bohidar H. B.
Published: September 2016

Herein, we describe synthesis of copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) nanocrystals by sol–gel method at room temperature, and the optimization of In/Ga ratio revealed best results pertained to Cu0.19In0.24Ga0.76Se2.7composition. The morphology and crystal structure of these nanocrystals were ascertained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies. These nanocrystals were dispersed in D2O‐H2O binary mixture and these samples were probed for the presence of H2O at ppm level (between 9 to 117 ppm) using fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence intensity at the emission wavelength of 485 nm was found to increase with water content, and hence it operated as an excellent water sensor with a fast response time. It was also noted that observable color change of CIGS dispersion made in ethanol occurred, when trace amount of water was added confirming the water sensing ability of this nanomaterial in different environment. Our reproducible experimental results show that CIGS nanocrystals are promising candidate for water detection in D2O at ppm level at room temperature operations. Considering the importance of purity of D2O in nuclear reactors, these results are of remarkable importance.
Frequency‐dependent two‐sex models: a new approach to sex ratio evolution with multiple maternal conditions
Authors: Shyu Esther , Caswell Hal
Published: September 2016

Mothers that experience different individual or environmental conditions may produce different proportions of male to female offspring. The Trivers‐Willard hypothesis, for instance, suggests that mothers with different qualities (size, health, etc.) will use different sex ratios if maternal quality differentially affects sex‐specific reproductive success. Condition‐dependent, or facultative, sex ratio strategies like these allow multiple sex ratios to coexist within a population. They also create complex population structure due to the presence of multiple maternal conditions. As a result, modeling facultative sex ratio evolution requires not only sex ratio strategies with multiple components, but also two‐sex population models with explicit stage structure. To this end, we combine nonlinear, frequency‐dependent matrix models and multidimensional adaptive dynamics to create a new framework for studying sex ratio evolution. We illustrate the applications of this framework with two case studies where the sex ratios depend one of two possible maternal conditions (age or quality). In these cases, we identify evolutionarily singular sex ratio strategies, find instances where one maternal condition produces exclusively male or female offspring, and show that sex ratio biases depend on the relative reproductive value ratios for each sex.
Prospects of herbivore egg‐killing plant defenses for sustainable crop protection
Authors: Fatouros Nina E. , Cusumano Antonino , Danchin Etienne G.J. , Colazza Stefano
Published: September 2016

Due to a growing demand of food production worldwide, new strategies are suggested to allow for sustainable production of food with minimal effects on natural resources. A promising alternative to the application of chemical pesticides is the implementation of crops resistant to insect pests. Plants produce compounds that are harmful to a wide range of attackers, including insect pests; thus, exploitation of their natural defense system can be the key for the development of pest‐resistant crops. Interestingly, some plants possess a unique first line of defense that eliminates the enemy before it becomes destructive: egg‐killing. Insect eggs can trigger (1) direct defenses, mostly including plant cell tissue growth or cell death that lead to eggs desiccating, being crushed or falling off the plant or (2) indirect defenses, plant chemical cues recruiting natural enemies that kill the egg or hatching larvae (parasitoids). The consequences of plant responses to eggs are that insect larvae do not hatch or that they are impeded in development, and damage to the plant is reduced. Here, we provide an overview on the ubiquity and evolutionary history of egg‐killing traits within the plant kingdom including crops. Up to now, little is known on the mechanisms and on the genetic basis of egg‐killing traits. Making use of egg‐killing defense traits in crops is a promising new way to sustainably reduce losses of crop yield. We provide suggestions for new breeding strategies to grow egg‐killing crops and improve biological control.
Adding energy gradients and long‐distance dispersal to a neutral model improves predictions of Madagascan bird diversity
Authors: Buschke Falko T. , Brendonck Luc , Vanschoenwinkel Bram
Published: September 2016

Macroecological patterns are likely the result of both stochastically neutral mechanisms and deterministic differences between species. In Madagascar, the simplest stochastically neutral hypothesis – the mid‐domain effects (MDE) hypothesis – has already been rejected. However, rejecting the MDE hypothesis does not necessarily refute the existence of all other neutral mechanisms. Here, we test whether adding complexity to a basic neutral model improves predictions of biodiversity patterns. The simplest MDE model assumes that: (1) species' ranges are continuous and unfragmented, (2) are randomly located throughout the landscape, and (3) can be stacked independently and indefinitely. We designed a simulation based on neutral theory that allowed us to weaken each of these assumptions incrementally by adjusting the habitat capacity as well as the likelihood of short‐ and long‐distance dispersal. Simulated outputs were compared to four empirical patterns of bird diversity: the frequency distributions of species richness and range size, the within‐island latitudinal diversity gradient, and the distance‐decay of species compositional similarity. Neutral models emulated empirical diversity patterns for Madagascan birds accurately. The frequency distribution of range size, latitudinal diversity gradient, and the distance‐decay of species compositional similarity could be attributed to stochastic long‐distance migration events and zero‐sum population dynamics. However, heterogenous environmental gradients improved predictions of the frequency distribution of species richness. Patterns of bird diversity in Madagascar can broadly be attributed to stochastic long‐distance migration events and zero‐sum population dynamics. This implies that rejecting simple hypotheses, such as MDE, does not serve as evidence against stochastic processes in general. However, environmental gradients were necessary to explain patterns of species richness and deterministic differences between species are probably important for explaining the distributions of narrow‐range and endemic species.
Emlen funnel experiments revisited: methods update for studying compass orientation in songbirds
Authors: Bianco Giuseppe , Ilieva Mihaela , Veibäck Clas , Öfjäll Kristoffer , Gadomska Alicja , Hendeby Gustaf , Felsberg Michael , Gustafsson Fredrik , Åkesson Susanne
Published: September 2016

Migratory songbirds carry an inherited capacity to migrate several thousand kilometers each year crossing continental landmasses and barriers between distant breeding sites and wintering areas. How individual songbirds manage with extreme precision to find their way is still largely unknown. The functional characteristics of biological compasses used by songbird migrants has mainly been investigated by recording the birds directed migratory activity in circular cages, so‐called Emlen funnels. This method is 50 years old and has not received major updates over the past decades. The aim of this work was to compare the results from newly developed digital methods with the established manual methods to evaluate songbird migratory activity and orientation in circular cages.

We performed orientation experiments using the European robin (Erithacus rubecula) using modified Emlen funnels equipped with thermal paper and simultaneously recorded the songbird movements from above. We evaluated and compared the results obtained with five different methods. Two methods have been commonly used in songbirds’ orientation experiments; the other three methods were developed for this study and were based either on evaluation of the thermal paper using automated image analysis, or on the analysis of videos recorded during the experiment.

The methods used to evaluate scratches produced by the claws of birds on the thermal papers presented some differences compared with the video analyses. These differences were caused mainly by differences in scatter, as any movement of the bird along the sloping walls of the funnel was recorded on the thermal paper, whereas video evaluations allowed us to detect single takeoff attempts by the birds and to consider only this behavior in the orientation analyses. Using computer vision, we were also able to identify and separately evaluate different behaviors that were impossible to record by the thermal paper.

The traditional Emlen funnel is still the most used method to investigate compass orientation in songbirds under controlled conditions. However, new numerical image analysis techniques provide a much higher level of detail of songbirds’ migratory behavior and will provide an increasing number of possibilities to evaluate and quantify specific behaviors as new algorithms will be developed.
Sprouting response of an evergreen broad‐leaved forest to a 2008 winter storm in Nanling Mountains, southern China
Authors: Wang Xu , Huang Shineng , Li Jiaxiang , Zhou Guangyi , Shi Lei
Published: September 2016

A severe winter storm from January to February 2008 caused considerable damage to the Nanling evergreen broad‐leaved forest. The sprout vigor of each species during postdisaster recovery plays a very important role in the succession trends of disturbed forests. In April 2008, four plots (50 × 30 m) were established in the Shierdushui Nature Reserve of Guangdong Province, China, to examine the damage status by the dominant species and diameters at breast height (DBHs), and the sprout response (indicated by the number of sprouts per stem) of the evergreen broad‐leaved forest to the severe winter storm. In contrast with freezing damage, the percentage of trees killed by mechanical damage from the mass of snow and ice was significantly higher (10% vs. 90%). More than 70% of the total dead trees had DBHs less than 4 cm. The impact of the severe winter storm in the tree layer was much more serious than in the shrub layer. Stem bending killed the highest percentage of trees, accounting for 59.53% of the total number of dead trees. The sprout number per stem differed significantly among damage types. The more severe damage induced a higher sprout number. Without considering the damage extent, significant differences in the sprout response were also found at both the dominant species and family levels. The tree layer exceeded the shrub layer in the mean number of sprouts (35.87 vs. 15.92). A bivariate correlation indicated that the sprout response was positively related to DBH and annual stem radial growth of the mother trees, implying that DBH and the growth rate of plant species most likely control the sprout response to disturbance in the subtropical evergreen broad‐leaved forests in the Nanling Mountains, southern China.