bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis del conocimiento especializado en matemáticas con maestros en formación: una experiencia con la representación de fracciones
Authors: Arteaga-Martínez Blanca , Arnal-Palacián Mónica
Published: March 2022

Preservice teacher preparation in mathematics must focus on content that has traditionally been taught through procedures which are not very comprehensive, such as operations with fractions, in order to design training guidelines that anticipate possible errors acquired previously. In this study, we focused our attention on the registers of representation of fractions (pictorial, symbolic and natural language), to favor the construction of fractions and the understanding of operations. We present the research carried out with a sample of 85 students who are currently studying the Degree in Primary Education. Data were collected before and after instructions with manipulative materials. Work samples were analyzed from the perspective of MTSK (Mathematics Teacher's Specialized Knowledge) analysis. The results of the pretest indicate that students use numbers that facilitate representation, and the pictorial record is used by a minority of the future teachers. The main error is not recognizing that the parts into which the whole is divided are of equal size. The results after the training indicate a change in the choice of representation and a conceptual improvement in the pictorial and symbolic registers which become more common after training. This study has helped to identify obstacles in the learning of operations with fractions, making clear the need to work on them from a perspective that targets the understanding of the content, while facilitating subsequent teaching from the use and connection between the different representation registers

La formación en matemáticas de los futuros maestros debe fijarse en contenidos que tradicionalmente se han enseñado desde procedimientos poco comprensivos, como las operaciones con fracciones, para diseñar pautas formativas que se anticipen a los posibles errores que se han adquirido de manera previa. En este trabajo, centramos nuestra atención en los registros de representación de las fracciones (pictórico, simbólico y lengua natural), con el objetivo de favorecer la construcción de las fracciones y la comprensión de las operaciones. Presentamos la investigación realizada con una muestra de 85 estudiantes que cursan el Grado en Educación Primaria. Los datos se recopilaron antes y después de una instrucción con material manipulativo. Se analizan muestras de trabajo desde la perspectiva de análisis del MTSK (Mathematics Teacher’s Specialised Knowledge). Los resultados del pretest señalan que utilizan números que les facilitan la representación, y que pocos de los futuros maestros utilizan el registro pictórico. El error principal es no reconocer que las partes en que se divide el todo son de igual tamaño. Los resultados tras la formación señalan un cambio en la elección de la representación y una mejora conceptual en los registros pictórico y simbólico, convirtiéndose en más habituales tras la formación.
Toward a Comprehensive, International and Interdisciplinary Analysis of Procreative Work
Authors: Hertzog Irène-Lucile , Mathieu Marie
Published: March 2022

Research Framework: In line with materialist feminist analyses, this paper revisits the boundaries between so-called productiveversusreproductive work to deconstruct their foundations and show that, behind the social organization of procreation, there is work for which women are primarily responsible.

Objectives: The purpose of this introduction is to examine the production of children and the decision not to have them through the lens of procreative work, thus integrating the different tasks involved in procreation, non-procreation and child rearing. This will also demonstrate the importance of thinking about the right to the work of procreation within the social norms that frame the multiple sequences of the (non)production of new human beings.

Methodology: This introductory paper is based on a review of literature that clarifies the key concepts of “procreative work” and “procreative rights” that are used to analyze the tasks associated with procreation - understood in a broad sense – in order to contextualize the various papers in this issue.

Results: While demonstrating the heuristic power of the conceptual choices made, the paper highlights areas of resistance to the analysis of procreative work and opens up multiple avenues of investigation to broaden this topic for a comprehensive, international and interdisciplinary understanding of the field of procreation.

Conclusion: The interpretation proposed as a framework for thinking about the production of children and the decision to not have them, and what this implies for women, allows an array of everyday tasks that are particularly time-consuming and yet unnoticed to be brought to light. It highlights the need to integrate the different approaches, including legal norms, that constitute the social framework for procreative work.

Contribution: This paper synthesizes knowledge regarding the concepts used to analyze tasks related to the (non)production of children.
La contraception dans Femmes d’Aujourd’hui (1960-2010) : entre visibilisation
et assignation de genre du travail procréatif
Authors: Roberti-Lintermans Margaux
Published: March 2022

Cadre de la recherche : Femmes d’Aujourd’hui, premier magazine féminin
francophone belge, s’adresse majoritairement à un lectorat féminin et transmet
un discours sur la contraception, tout en contribuant à sa construction.

Objectifs : Nous analysons ce discours
dans une perspective chronologique longue (1960-2010) au regard des
transformations sociétales et législatives en Belgique. Comment la régulation
des naissances est-elle présentée ? À qui incombe cette responsabilité ? Comment
se transmet-elle ?

Méthodologie : À partir d’une analyse
qualitative basée sur un dépouillement systématique de la revue, nous rendons
compte de l’évolution du discours sur la contraception.

Résultats : Dimension fondamentale du
travail procréatif, la contraception est initialement défendue comme une
responsabilité partagée au sein du couple, conformément à l’orientation
chrétienne de la revue et de ses journalistes. Par la suite, la régulation des
naissances devient progressivement une tâche exclusivement féminine, les
différents contraceptifs portés sur les corps des femmes étant alors classés
selon des critères d’efficacité mis en avant par le corps médical. Au tournant
des années 2000, l’information sur les moyens de contraception se diversifie et
laisse place aux critiques dans le courrier des lectrices.

Conclusions : Visibilisant les
différentes méthodes dans un objectif qui se veut informatif avant tout, Femmes d’Aujourd’hui fait pourtant la promotion d’une
norme contraceptive et procréative. Grâce aux méthodes contraceptives, la
maternité peut être accomplie en respect de normes sociales, prescrivant
notamment une certaine trame temporelle, où le type de contraceptif change en
fonction du projet d’enfant. Enfin, bien qu’elle laisse place au débat via les lectrices ou les journalistes, la presse
féminine contribue paradoxalement à l’assignation genrée du contrôle des
naissances.

Contribution : Le discours sur la
contraception dans Femmes d’Aujourd’hui contribue à
diffuser une injonction à la maternité. Nous identifions dans notre recherche
des normes procréatives contribuant à cela. Celles-ci évoluent en deux phases
liées au contexte sociétal et législatif.
Reimagining Design
Authors: Bethune Kevin G.
Published: March 2022

The power of transformative design, multidisciplinary leaps, and diversity: lessons from a Black professional's journey through corporate America.

Design offers so much more than an aesthetically pleasing logo or banner, a beautification add-on after the heavy lifting. In Reimagining Design, Kevin Bethune shows how design provides a unique angle on problem-solving—how it can be leveraged strategically to cultivate innovation and anchor multidisciplinary teamwork. As he does so, he describes his journey as a Black professional through corporate America, revealing the power of transformative design, multidisciplinary leaps, and diversity. Bethune, who began as an engineer at Westinghouse, moved on to Nike (where he designed Air Jordans), and now works as a sought-after consultant on design and innovation, shows how design can transform both individual lives and organizations.

In Bethune's account, diversity, equity, and inclusion emerge as a recurring theme. He shows how, as we leverage design for innovation, we also need to consider the broader ecological implications of our decisions and acknowledge the threads of systemic injustice in order to realize positive change. His book is for anyone who has felt like the “other”—and also for allies who want to encourage anti-racist, anti-sexist, and anti-ageist behaviors in the workplace. Design transformation takes leadership—leaders who do not act as gatekeepers but, with agility and nimbleness, build teams that mirror the marketplace.

Design in harmony with other disciplines can be incredibly powerful; multidisciplinary team collaboration is the foundation of future innovation. With insight and compassion, Bethune provides a framework for bringing this about.
The repurposing of Tebipenem pivoxil as alternative therapy for severe gastrointestinal infections caused by extensively drug-resistant Shigella spp
Authors: Fernández Álvaro Elena , Voong Vinh Phat , de Cozar Cristina , Willé David R , Urones Beatriz , Cortés Alvaro , Price Alan , Tran Do Hoang Nhu , Ha Thanh Tuyen , McCloskey Molly , Shaheen Shareef , Dayao Denise , Martinot Amanda , de Mercado Jaime , Castañeda Pablo , García-Perez Adolfo , Singa Benson , Pavlinac Patricia , Walson Judd , Martínez-Martínez Maria Santos , Arnold Samuel LM , Tzipori Saul , Ballell Pages Lluis , Baker Stephen
Published: March 2022

Background:

Diarrhoea remains one of the leading causes of childhood mortality globally. Recent epidemiological studies conducted in low-middle income countries (LMICs) identified Shigella spp. as the first and second most predominant agent of dysentery and moderate diarrhoea, respectively. Antimicrobial therapy is often necessary for Shigella infections; however, we are reaching a crisis point with efficacious antimicrobials. The rapid emergence of resistance against existing antimicrobials in Shigella spp. poses a serious global health problem.

Methods:

Aiming to identify alternative antimicrobial chemicals with activity against antimicrobial resistant Shigella, we initiated a collaborative academia-industry drug discovery project, applying high-throughput phenotypic screening across broad chemical diversity and followed a lead compound through in vitro and in vivo characterisation.

Results:

We identified several known antimicrobial compound classes with antibacterial activity against Shigella. These compounds included the oral carbapenem Tebipenem, which was found to be highly potent against broadly susceptible Shigella and contemporary MDR variants for which we perform detailed pre-clinical testing. Additional in vitro screening demonstrated that Tebipenem had activity against a wide range of other non-Shigella enteric bacteria. Cognisant of the risk for the development of resistance against monotherapy, we identified synergistic behaviour of two different drug combinations incorporating Tebipenem. We found the orally bioavailable prodrug (Tebipenem pivoxil) had ideal pharmacokinetic properties for treating enteric pathogens and was effective in clearing the gut of infecting organisms when administered to Shigella-infected mice and gnotobiotic piglets.

Conclusions:

Our data highlight the emerging antimicrobial resistance crisis and shows that Tebipenem pivoxil (licenced for paediatric respiratory tract infections in Japan) should be accelerated into human trials and could be repurposed as an effective treatment for severe diarrhoea caused by MDR Shigella and other enteric pathogens in LMICs.

Funding:

Tres Cantos Open Lab Foundation (projects TC239 and TC246), the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (grant OPP1172483) and Wellcome (215515/Z/19/Z).
C-type natriuretic peptide facilitates autonomic Ca2+ entry in growth plate chondrocytes for stimulating bone growth
Authors: Miyazaki Yuu , Ichimura Atsuhiko , Kitayama Ryo , Okamoto Naoki , Yasue Tomoki , Liu Feng , Kawabe Takaaki , Nagatomo Hiroki , Ueda Yohei , Yamauchi Ichiro , Hakata Takuro , Nakao Kazumasa , Kakizawa Sho , Nishi Miyuki , Mori Yasuo , Akiyama Haruhiko , Nakao Kazuwa , Takeshima Hiroshi
Published: March 2022

The growth plates are cartilage tissues found at both ends of developing bones, and vital proliferation and differentiation of growth plate chondrocytes are primarily responsible for bone growth. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) stimulates bone growth by activating natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2) which is equipped with guanylate cyclase on the cytoplasmic side, but its signaling pathway is unclear in growth plate chondrocytes. We previously reported that transient receptor potential melastatin-like 7 (TRPM7) channels mediate intermissive Ca2+ influx in growth plate chondrocytes, leading to activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) for promoting bone growth. In this report, we provide evidence from experiments using mutant mice, indicating a functional link between CNP and TRPM7 channels. Our pharmacological data suggest that CNP-evoked NPR2 activation elevates cellular cGMP content and stimulates big-conductance Ca2+-dependent K+ (BK) channels as a substrate for cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). BK channel-induced hyperpolarization likely enhances the driving force of TRPM7-mediated Ca2+ entry and seems to accordingly activate CaMKII. Indeed, ex vivo organ culture analysis indicates that CNP-facilitated bone growth is abolished by chondrocyte-specific Trpm7 gene ablation. The defined CNP signaling pathway, the NPR2-PKG-BK channel–TRPM7 channel–CaMKII axis, likely pinpoints promising target proteins for developing new therapeutic treatments for divergent growth disorders.
Cerebellar modulation of memory encoding in the periaqueductal grey and fear behaviour
Authors: Lawrenson Charlotte , Paci Elena , Pickford Jasmine , Drake Robert AR , Lumb Bridget M , Apps Richard
Published: March 2022

The pivotal role of the periaqueductal grey (PAG) in fear learning is reinforced by the identification of neurons in male rat ventrolateral PAG (vlPAG) that encode fear memory through signalling the onset and offset of an auditory-conditioned stimulus during presentation of the unreinforced conditioned tone (CS+) during retrieval. Some units only display CS+ onset or offset responses, and the two signals differ in extinction sensitivity, suggesting that they are independent of each other. In addition, understanding cerebellar contributions to survival circuits is advanced by the discovery that (i) reversible inactivation of the medial cerebellar nucleus (MCN) during fear consolidation leads in subsequent retrieval to (a) disruption of the temporal precision of vlPAG offset, but not onset responses to CS+, and (b) an increase in duration of freezing behaviour. And (ii) chemogenetic manipulation of the MCN-vlPAG projection during fear acquisition (a) reduces the occurrence of fear-related ultrasonic vocalisations, and (b) during subsequent retrieval, slows the extinction rate of fear-related freezing. These findings show that the cerebellum is part of the survival network that regulates fear memory processes at multiple timescales and in multiple ways, raising the possibility that dysfunctional interactions in the cerebellar-survival network may underlie fear-related disorders and comorbidities.
Classification of movie reviews using term frequency-inverse document frequency and optimized machine learning algorithms
Authors: Naeem Muhammad Zaid , Rustam Furqan , Mehmood Arif , Mui-zzud-din  , Ashraf Imran , Choi Gyu Sang
Published: March 2022

The Internet Movie Database (IMDb), being one of the popular online databases for movies and personalities, provides a wide range of movie reviews from millions of users. This provides a diverse and large dataset to analyze users’ sentiments about various personalities and movies. Despite being helpful to provide the critique of movies, the reviews on IMDb cannot be read as a whole and requires automated tools to provide insights on the sentiments in such reviews. This study provides the implementation of various machine learning models to measure the polarity of the sentiments presented in user reviews on the IMDb website. For this purpose, the reviews are first preprocessed to remove redundant information and noise, and then various classification models like support vector machines (SVM), Naïve Bayes classifier, random forest, and gradient boosting classifiers are used to predict the sentiment of these reviews. The objective is to find the optimal process and approach to attain the highest accuracy with the best generalization. Various feature engineering approaches such as term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF), bag of words, global vectors for word representations, and Word2Vec are applied along with the hyperparameter tuning of the classification models to enhance the classification accuracy. Experimental results indicate that the SVM obtains the highest accuracy when used with TF-IDF features and achieves an accuracy of 89.55%. The sentiment classification accuracy of the models is affected due to the contradictions in the user sentiments in the reviews and assigned labels. For tackling this issue, TextBlob is used to assign a sentiment to the dataset containing reviews before it can be used for training. Experimental results on TextBlob assigned sentiments indicate that an accuracy of 92% can be obtained using the proposed model.
Comparison of Efficacy and Patient Response Between 2% Lidocaine and 4% Articaine during Routine Dental Extractions
Authors: Nasreen Saba , Kumar Shubham , Vatsa Ritesh , Pushpanshu Kumar , Kumar Mukesh , Bhowmick Devleena
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Local Anaesthetic (LA) agents are chemicals that reversibly block the transmission of action potential of nerve membrane. Lidocaine has established itself as the gold-standard owing to its excellent clinical properties with minimal side effects. Articaine, a relatively newer LA agent is reported to have better clinical properties than Lidocaine. Aim: To compare and evaluate the differences in total volume of LA agent used, onset of subjective symptoms and objective signs, total duration of anaesthesia achieved and postoperative pain assessment with 2% lidocaine and 4% articaine during routine dental extractions. Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical study was conducted by the Department of Dentistry, Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India from October 2020 to February 2021. A total of 200 patients (107 females and 93 males) requiring mandibular molar extraction were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two study groups. group-1 patients were administered with 2% lidocaine while Group-2 patients were administered with 4% articaine. Complete demographic and clinical details of all the patients were recorded. The volume of LA agent used, onset time for subjective symptoms and objective signs and total duration of anaesthesia was recorded. Postoperative pain was recorded on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) on a scale of 0 to 10. All the variables were recorded in Microsoft excel sheet and were analysed by SPSS version 21 software. A two-tailed p-value less than 0.05 (p<0.05) was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 200 patients participated in the study, where group-1 patients (49 males and 51 females) had a mean age of 34.79±10.43 years and group-2 patients (44 males and 56 females) had a mean age of 35.41±11.39 years. Statistically insignificant differences (p>0.05) were obtained for the following parameters–volume of LA agent used, onset time of subjective symptoms, onset time of objective signs and postoperative VAS scores. A statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was observed for total duration of anaesthesia. Conclusion: Both 2% lignocaine and 4% articaine are equally effective LA agents in patients undergoing mandibular molar extractions. However, 2% articaine exhibited significantly higher duration of total anaethesia when compared to 2% lidocaine.
Factors Influencing Adoption of Pigeon Pea and its Impact on Household Food Security in Machakos County, Kenya
Authors: Emongor R. A. , Matiri F. M. , Magana A. , Wamaitha J. , Daniel A. M. , Mulindo J.
Published: March 2022

A household survey was carried out in Kalama, Mwala and Yatta Sub-counties of Machakos County Kenya to obtain data on the current situation of pigeon pea value chain. A total of 414 households were interviewed in the month of October 2020. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Logit Model to determine factors that influence adoption of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L) using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 20 Software. The HFIAS model was used to determine the impact of adoption of Pigeon Pea on household food security. The results of the descriptive statistics showed that there was low adoption of the Pigeon pea technologies and this implies that more needs to be done in creating awareness of the improved Pigeon pea varieties. The Logistic model results showed two factors that significantly influence adoption of Pigeon pea varieties by farmers. These were membership to a community group and access to credit. More needs to be done to increase adoption of the new/improved varieties in Machakos County, Kenya.
Improving the Quality of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oil (Liquid Fuel) using Thermal Distillation Method
Authors: Haqbin Masoud , Rezazada Farid Ahmad , Qarizada Kongul , Dadwar Malalay , Kambakhsh Hamasa , Qarizada Deana
Published: March 2022

Oil palm biomass generates an abundance via the oil palm industry such as Palm kernel shell (PKS), empty fruit bunch (EFB), frond, trunk. 

Problem Statement: The main issue nowadays is global warming; one of the factors is the increment of CO2 content in the atmosphere. In order to reduce the CO2 content in the atmosphere, biomass is used, as it is a renewable, sustainable, and cost-effective alternative energy source that needs to be adopted in the energy mix. The objective of this study was to improve the quality of bio-oil. 

Approach: In this research, an empty fruit bunch (EFB) was utilized in a fixed bed reactor, and pyrolysis oil was upgraded via a thermal distillation reactor. The temperature of pyrolysis was 500 °C, and the temperature of thermal distillation was 100 °C. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic and ultimate analysis was utilized to investigate chemical composition. 

Results: The maximum distilled bio-oil yield was 60- 65 % at 100 °C. The heating value of bio-oil was 21 MJ/kg, and distilled bio-oil was 30 MJ/kg. The density of bio-oil was 1035 g/mL, and distilled bio-oil was 980 g/mL 

Conclusion: The results showed that the distilled bio-oil obtained from EFB bio-oil has a high heating value low oxygen content than it can use as fuel in engines.
Health and Environmental Hazards Associated with Agricultural Pesticides in Ethiopia
Authors: Gedefaw Yitayih , Gezahegn Abebe , Wondimu Mulatwa
Published: March 2022

The use of chemical pesticide in Ethiopian agriculture has a steady historically growth and strongly associated with the need to boost crop production and expansion in a high-input floriculture industry. An increased crop production and productivity is mainly dependent on effective and efficient pest management strategies. Recently, achieving these strategic goals of the sector seems to be impossible without intensive use of synthetic pesticides. Unfortunately, the chemical-based option of pest management was not able to deliver only the positively intended purpose of managing pests. It has raised a potential menace not only to public health and the environment but also to the fast-growing economy of the country. The main objective of this review was to highlight the negative health and environmental impacts of agricultural pesticides in Ethiopia. Literature based comprehensive review was made with the intention to influence stake holders in the sector to recognize the negative impact of agricultural pesticides to help them to devise a mitigating strategy and finally the authors tried to indicate solutions on this regard. Health conditions such as dizziness, nausea, skin and eye irritations, headache, vomiting and general discomfort after spraying are some of the self-reported direct health problems. Other chronic non-reported health problems/deaths were also associated with misuse (handling and disposal) of pesticides. Mismanagement of pesticides kills important organisms and are damaging to the biodiversity. Moreover, an intensive, non-responsible use of pesticides has increased the cost of pest management, accelerated the development of new pests and/or resistant strains (races) of pests and negatively affected the international trade of farm produces. Lack of awareness (poor pesticide management, disposal; and limited use of complete PPEs), obsolete pesticide stocks, prolonged storage, poor storage facilities, the lack of trained staff and national legislation for pesticide registration and monitoring system in the country are the main reasons associated with pesticide risks. Harmonized agriculture development policy, capacity building, organic farming, IPM compatible pesticides and gender-sensitive education will change the risk of agricultural pesticides.
Efficacy of Fungicides against Bipolaris sorokiniana under in vitro and in vivo Conditions
Authors: Tiwari Pankaj , Shukla D. N. , Singh Ramesh , Tiwari Rohit
Published: March 2022

Spot blotch of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana could be effectively and economically controlled by two foliar sprays of either Propiconazole or Hexaconazole @ 0.1 per cent at fifteen days interval but on the basis of cost- benefit ratio Hexaconazole had an edge over Propiconazole. The harmful effects of fungicides to human and environment, there have been proved useful and economical in the control of spot blotch. Non systemic and systemic foliar fungicides belonging to the dithiocarbamate and Triazoles are found to be effective. Foliar applications of systemic fungicides between heading and grain filling stages, are cost effective. Propiconazole, Hexaconazole and Difenaconazole + Propiconazole at 250 ppm completely inhibited the mycelial growth of B. sorokiniana. Carbendazim and Copper oxychloride also causes and complete inhibition but at 500 and 1000 ppm, respectively but Mancozeb could not give complete inhibition even at 1000 ppm.
Boronate Affinity Chromatography
Authors: Liu Zhen , Li Hengye , Muhammad Pir
Published: March 2022

Boronate affinity chromatography (BAC) is a unique mode of affinity chromatography. It relies on the pH‐dependent, covalent and reversible interactions between boronic acid ligands and
cis
‐diol‐containing compounds. This chemistry endows BAC with the unique capability for selective recognition, capture, isolation, and enrichment of
cis
‐diol‐containing biomolecules.
Cis
‐diol‐containing biomolecules are an important class of compounds, including catecholamines, saccharides, ribonucleosides, ribonucleotides, glycopeptides and glycoproteins. These biomolecules play essential roles in many life‐related processes, and many of them are important target molecules in current research frontiers, such as proteomics, metabolomics, and glycomics. In recent decades, BAC and boronate affinity materials (BAMs) have developed rapidly and found promising applications in multiple areas. This article provides a review for general readers, covering from the very beginning of this technique to its recent development. We mainly focus on fundamental considerations, major progresses, and new BAMs reported in recent decades. In addition, prospects for the future development and application of BAC are discussed.
A Dendritic Polymer‐Based Nanosystem Mediates Drug Penetration and Irreversible Endoplasmic Reticulum Stresses in Tumor via Neighboring Effect
Authors: Zheng Xiuli , Pan Dayi , Zhu Guonian , Zhang Lu , Bhamra Apanpreet , Chen Rongjun , Zhang Hu , Gong Qiyong , Gu Zhongwei , Luo Kui
Published: March 2022

Nanoparticles (NPs)‐based cancer therapeutics are generally impeded by poor drug penetration into solid tumors due to their dense tumor extracellular matrix (ECM). Herein, pH/redox‐responsive dendritic polymer‐based NPs are developed to amplify the neighboring effect for improving drug penetration and driving cell apoptosis via combination therapy. Pyropheophorbide a (Ppa) is conjugated with PEGylated dendritic peptides via disulfide bonds and doxorubicin (DOX) encapsulated in the conjugate to construct dual‐responsive NPs, PDPP@D. Delayed released DOX and Ppa from PDPP@D exert their combination therapeutic effect to induce cell apoptosis, and then they are liberated out of dying cells to amplify the neighboring effect, resulting in their diffusion through the dense ECM and penetration into solid tumors. Transcriptome studies reveal that PDPP@D leads to irreversible stress on the endoplasmic reticulum and inhibits cell protection through blocking the IRE1‐dependent survival pathway and unleashing the DR5‐mediated caspase activity to promote cell death. The strategy of amplifying the neighboring effect of NPs through combination therapy may offer great potential in enhancing drug penetration and eradicating solid tumors.
Rapid Stem Cell Extraction and Culture Device for Regenerative Therapy Using Biodegradable Nonwoven Fabrics with Strongly Oriented Fibers
Authors: Sunami Hiroshi , Shimizu Yusuke , Futenma Naoko , Denda Junko , Nakasone Hitoshi , Yokota Sayaka , Kishimoto Hidehiro , Makita Masashi , Nishikawa Yasutoshi
Published: March 2022

Biodegradable nonwoven fabrics that can be used to extract and culture adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) from adipose tissue slices without enzyme digestion are developed. The fabrics are made of fibers consisting of biodegradable poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) and hydroxyapatite (HAp), which can be strongly oriented by adjusting the fiber deposition conditions. ADSCs are extracted from adipose tissue slices and cultured, and thick cell sheets are produced by placing nonwoven fabric on the adipose tissue slices or sandwiching the adipose tissue slices between two layers of fabric. Nonwoven fabrics with large anisotropy extract and culture ADSCs from adipose tissue slices more quickly than those with small anisotropy. In addition, cell sheets are produced more rapidly by cultivating cells on a culture vessel with low‐cell adhesion. Finally, it confirms that ADSCs extracted and cultured from adipose tissue slices using nonwoven fabrics maintain the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells.
In‐Depth Investigation of Inkjet‐Printed Silver Electrodes over Large‐Area: Ink Recipe, Flow, and Solidification
Authors: Zhou Lu , Chen Xiaolian , Su Wenming , Cui Zheng , Lai Wen‐Yong
Published: March 2022

Inkjet‐printed flexible transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) have attracted much recent interest in realizing large‐scale and high‐volume fabrication required by the industrial production protocol. In this paper, an in‐depth investigation and optimization of template‐less inkjet printing for the metal meshes based TCEs are presented. The general principle of conductive ink formulation for inkjet printing, the droplet coalescence and crawling on the substrates, and its solidification processes are thoroughly studied. Ideal silver lines with high conductivity of 3.4  µΩ · cm can be obtained on various substrates, with fine line‐width adjustment by step length of 5 µm. The uniformity of the width, morphology, and conductivity of printed silver lines over large‐area are improved by factors of 3.44, 1.53, and 1.95, respectively. Subsequently, passive matrix organic light emitting diodes based on silver array electrodes are fabricated to successfully light the point, line, and surface. A flexible silver mesh TCE is also printed, with low sheet resistance of 9.56 Ω sq−1 and good flexibility.
Tunable Adhesion and Interfacial Structure of Layer‐by‐Layer Assembled Block co‐polymer Micelle and Polyelectrolyte Coatings
Authors: Reid Michael S. , Träger Andrea , Cobo Sanchez Carmen , Malmström Eva , Wågberg Lars
Published: March 2022

Understanding and tuning nanoscale structure is critical in developing new coatings and adhesives. In this work layer‐by‐layer assembly of block co‐polymer (BCP) micelles and oppositely charged polyelectrolytes produces structurally unique coatings with wet adhesion comparable to that of mussel adhesive proteins. Cationic (CAT) and anionic (ANI) BCPs, synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), are used to create colloidally stable, self‐assembled, spherical BCP micelles. The assembly of BCP micelle and polyelectrolyte multilayers is monitored in situ where CAT‐ and ANI‐BCP micelles exhibit linear and super‐linear growth, respectively. Imaging of the surfaces reveals that CAT‐BCP micelles yield flat, uniform layers whereas ANI‐BCP micelle assemblies form islands that increase in surface area with each additional layer. The adhesion of these layers, measured by colloidal probe atomic force microscopy (CP‐AFM), shows that the distinct layers of CAT‐BCP micelle assemblies produce alternating high and low adhesion surfaces whereas ANI‐BCP micelle assemblies continually increase in adhesion with each additional bilayer. The unique behavior of each assembly demonstrates that both composition and structure play important roles in wet adhesion of submicron layers and that each can be tuned to target performance for different applications.
Mechanism of Spin‐Orbit Torques in Platinum Oxide Systems
Authors: Nath Jayshankar , Trifu Alexandru Vladimir , Gabor Mihai Sebastian , Hallal Ali , Auffret Stephane , Labau Sebastien , Mahjoub Aymen , Chan Edmond , Chaurasiya Avinash Kumar , Mondal Amrit Kumar , Yang Haozhe , Schmoranzerova Eva , Nsibi Mohamed Ali , Joumard Isabelle , Barman Anjan , Pelissier Bernard , Chshiev Mairbek , Gaudin Gilles , Miron Ioan Mihai
Published: March 2022

Spin‐Orbit Torque (SOT) Magnetic Random‐Access Memories (MRAM) have shown promising results toward the realization of fast, non‐volatile memory systems. Oxidation of the heavy‐metal (HM) layer of the SOT‐MRAM has been proposed as a method to increase its energy efficiency. But the results are widely divergent due to the difficulty in controlling the HM oxidation because of its low enthalpy of formation. Here, these differences are reconciled by performing a gradual oxidation procedure, which allows correlating the chemical structure to the physical properties of the stack. As an HM layer, Pt is chosen because of the strong SOT and the low enthalpy of formation of its oxides. The evidence of an oxide inversion layer at the ferromagnet (FM)/HM interface is found: the oxygen is drawn into the FM, while the HM remains metallic near the interface. Moreover, the oxygen migrates in the volume of the FM layer rather than being concentrated at the interface. Consequently, it is found that the intrinsic magnitude of the SOT is unchanged compared to the fully metallic structure. The previously reported apparent increase of SOTs is not intrinsic to platinum oxide and instead arises from systemic changes produced by oxidation.
Comparing mechanical harvest with alternative ground‐based methods for estimating forage yields in cool‐season annual grasses
Authors: Simoneaux Bryan , Neely Clark , Ibrahim Amir M.H. , Rajan Nithya , Popescu Sorin
Published: March 2022

To accurately estimate forage yield of experimental lines and cultivars without the time and expense of harvesting with and maintaining a plot harvester would aid cool‐season forage grass researchers and breeders in cultivarselection and advancement. A cool‐season annual grass forage trial was conducted at the Texas A&M Research Farm during the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 growing seasons. The trial included commercial and experimental small grains and ryegrass cultivars that include wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), oat (Avena sativa L.), triticale (Triticum secale), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). The trial was set up in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications of 37 entries in 2016 and 38 in 2017. Visual rating (VR), plant height (HT), and sample weights were collected. The objective of this research was to compare mechanically harvested aboveground biomass yield of a multiple species cool‐season annual grasses with limited or nondestructive measurements to estimate plot yield. The VR evaluation was most successful in the fall (r = .84, p < .001) compared to other measurement dates. Plant height had the highest correlation to yield in the fall (r = .81, p < .001) across species, but when combined across species and measurement date it decreased to r = .15 (p < .001). Subsampling would be the only acceptable method for comparisons of entries across measurement dates, species, and years with an r = .83 (p < .001). While subsampling provided a reliable correlation, combining all measurements into one model improved forage yield prediction as an alternative to mechanical whole plot forage harvest.
Dense non‐Newtonian suspension flow: Effect of solids properties and pipe size
Authors: Zheng Enzu , Rudman Murray , Kuang Shibo , Chryss Andrew
Published: March 2022

High concentration tailings transport is a promising approach for improving the safety and environmental impact of mining tailings disposal. High concentration suspensions exhibit complex non‐Newtonian behavior. The interaction between the non‐Newtonian carrier and the coarse particles is still poorly understood, particularly in the turbulent regime. This article considers the effect of solids concentration, particle and pipe size on transport characteristics in a weakly turbulent non‐Newtonian suspension using a DNS‐DEM methodology. Heterogeneous flow and a sliding bed are presented in the turbulent regime, with particles being more suspended in a small pipe. Although stratification is observed, there is no “packed” bed predicted for these cases. The presence of the viscous core region contributes to the dominance of the drag force in the central region in a non‐Newtonian suspension. Non‐Newtonian suspensions can also be transported at a much lower velocity and display a comparable specific energy consumption to a conventional dilute suspension.
Flexible Skin for Flight Parameter Estimation Based on Pressure and Velocity Data Fusion
Authors: Na Xin , Gong Zheng , Dong Zihao , Shen Dawei , Zhang Deyuan , Jiang Yonggang
Published: March 2022

Accurate perception of flight parameters is essential for the safe and stable flight of small unmanned aerial systems (SUASs). However, traditional flush air data sensing (FADS) systems require complex tubing and fuselage openings. Herein this study, a flexible skin system integrated with a pressure and thermal flow sensor array, and a dual‐sensor fusion algorithm for determining the angle of attack (AOA) and airspeed (V

∞
), are proposed. By establishing an error back‐propagation neural network, the dual‐sensor fusion modality demonstrates higher estimation accuracy than other modalities that utilize only pressure data or only flow velocity data, achieving mean absolute errors of the AOA and V

∞
of less than 0.16° and 0.37 ms−1, respectively. Moreover, the simulation and experimental results show that sensors placed closer to the leading edge of the wing can provide higher estimation accuracy of the flight parameters. The flight parameters determined using the flexible air data sensing system and dual‐sensor fusion algorithm demonstrate potential application in the flight control of SUASs.
Evolution and conservation genetics of an insular hemiparasitic plant lineage at the limit of survival: the case of Thesium sect. Kunkeliella in the Canary Islands
Authors: Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Priscila , Fernández de Castro Alejandro G. , Pérez de Paz Pedro Luis , Curbelo Leticia , Palomares Ángel , Mesa Ricardo , Acevedo Aurelio , Sosa Pedro A.
Published: March 2022

Premise

The diversification of island flora has been widely studied. However, the role of environmental niches in insular radiation processes has been less investigated. We combined population genetic analyses with species distribution modelling to clarify the genetic relationships, diversification patterns, species niche requirements, and conservation of Thesium sect. Kunkeliella, a clade of rare hemiparasitic plants endemic to the Canaries.

Methods

We studied the three extant Thesium species and a new taxon from La Palma Island. We developed 12 microsatellites and performed population genetic analysis and studied the demographic history of the group. To evaluate the role of niche conservatism in the diversification of the group, we performed species distribution modelling (ESM) with four algorithms.

Results

All species presented moderate genetic diversity values for rare endemics. Thesium canariense (Gran Canaria) showed high differentiation, whereas T. subsucculentum, T. retamoides (Tenerife), and La Palma populations are closely related. The lineage may have undergone a recent diversification with colonization proceeding east to west, with T. canariense as sister to the others. We detected a climatic niche shift, as taxa showed different distributions across the temperature gradient. There is enough evidence to describe La Palma populations as a new species.

Conclusions

We characterized the evolutionary history of Thesium sect. Kunkeliella by integrating genetic and ecological assessments. Our results indicate that this clade has undergone a recent radiation process with niche differentiation among species. The results increase our knowledge about insular radiations and will inform the conservation management of the study species.
Novel phenotypic feature in a patient with a recurrent NOTCH2 nonsense mutation
Authors: Tan Ene‐Choo , Lai Angeline H. M. , Brett Maggie S. Y.
Published: March 2022

Pathogenic variants in NOTCH2 which encodes a single‐pass transmembrane protein have been identified as a cause of several autosomal dominant congenital disorders. In particular, truncating mutations in exon 34 have been found in patients with skeletal abnormalities and dysmorphic features. We describe a patient with a de novo variant in NOTCH2 who displayed features of both Hajdu–Cheney syndrome (HJCYS) and serpentine fibula‐polycystic kidney syndrome (SFPKS). The recurrent nonsense variant in exon 34 has been reported in seven other patients with syndromic presentations, making it the most common pathogenic variant for NOTCH2 in congenital disorders. In addition to the core features of HJCYS and SFPKS, there was a gastrointestinal tract malformation of an imperforate anus which has not been reported in patients with pathogenic variants in NOTCH2.
Caffeine Consumption and Dementia: Are Lewy Bodies the Link?
Authors: Cornelis Marilyn C. , Bennett David A. , Weintraub Sandra , Schneider Julie A. , Morris Martha Clare
Published: March 2022

Objective

The objective of this study was to examine the association between caffeine intake and cognitive impairment. Caffeine‐neuropathology correlations and interactions with lifestyle and genetic factors impacting caffeine metabolism and response were also tested.

Methods

We included 888 participants aged 59+ years from the Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP) and 303,887 participants aged 55+ years from the UK Biobank (UKB). MAP participants took part in annual cognitive testing. Diagnosis of dementia was based on clinical neurological examination and standardized criteria. A subset provided postmortem tissue for neuropathologic evaluation for common age‐related diseases (eg, Alzheimer's disease [AD], Lewy bodies, and vascular). For UKB, dementia was determined by linked hospital and death records. Self‐reported caffeine intake was estimated using food‐frequency questionnaires in both cohorts. Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR), regression, and mixed models were used to examine associations of caffeine intake with incident dementia, cognitive decline, and neuropathology.

Results

In MAP, compared to ≤100 mg/day, caffeine intake >100 mg/day was associated with a significantly higher HR (95% confidence interval [CI]) of all‐cause (HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.03–1.76) and AD (HR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.07–1.85) dementia. Caffeine intake was not associated with cognitive decline. In UKB, compared to ≤100 mg/day, the HRs (95% CI) of all‐cause dementia for consuming 100 ≤ 200, 200 ≤ 300, 300 ≤ 400, and > 400 mg/day were 0.83 (95% CI = 0.72–0.94), 0.74 (95% CI = 0.64–0.85), 0.74 (95% CI = 0.64–0.85), and 0.92 (95% CI = 0.79–1.08), respectively. Similar results were observed for Alzheimer's dementia. In MAP, caffeine intake was inversely associated with postmortem Lewy bodies but no other age‐related pathologies. Caffeine intake >100 mg/day was associated with lower neocortical type Lewy bodies (odds ratio (95%CI): 0.40 (95% CI = 0.21–0.75).

Interpretation

Caffeine intake was inconsistently associated with clinical dementia; potentially explained by cohort differences in underlying dementia etiology. Lewy bodies may link caffeine to lower risk in some persons. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:834–846
Occurrence and population structure of sharks in two ecologically or biologically significant marine areas off north‐eastern Brazil
Authors: Barcellos Laís R. , Barreto Rodrigo , Lessa Rosângela PT
Published: March 2022

Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSAs) are rare, and highly important sites to the life history of a number of declining shark species are endangered by fishing.

The high diversity of sharks caught by fisheries is difficult to monitor due to the scarcity of information on species‐specific biological aspects (growth, maturity and fertility rate).

There are two EBSAs off north‐eastern Brazil, where key species are caught, more specifically the oceanic whitetip (Carcharhinus longimanus), mako (Isurus oxyrinchus), blue (Prionace glauca) and silky (Carcharhinus falciformis) sharks. Another 23 species displaying low frequency in catches have also been recorded, many of them considered threatened according to the IUCN Red List and the Brazilian Ministry of Environment.

The main purpose of this study was to generate information about shark diversity and demonstrate the role of the two EBSAs in their conservation. After analysing fishing data collected from 2000 to 2011, maps were built to categorize shark species by phases of their ontogenetic development (neonate, young and adult) based on samples of C. falciformis (n = 330), C. longimanus (n = 440), I. oxyrinchus (n = 452) and P. glauca (n = 8,176).

Shark stocks comprised mainly juveniles, which raises concerns since they are considered a crucial life stage for the sustainability of shark populations. Catch monitoring also highlighted that several of the species caught are threatened and their catch is either prohibited or limited according to the Brazilian laws and international rules in place.

Action plans and enforcement of laws and rules are needed to deliver the protective measures needed for shark species in these EBSAs.