bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P02-131 - Violence Risk Assessment in Two Forensic Samples Using the HCR-20 in Lithuania
Authors: Cesniene I.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Professional risk assessment provides estimates of future risk in terms of nature, frequency and severity as well as may determine treatment services required of an offender under parole or probation supervision. This study examined the predictive validity of the HCR-20 (Webster, Douglas, Eaves, & Hart, 1997) in a Lithuanian forensic context.

Methods

This research includes a sample of criminal offenders and a sample of forensic psychiatric patients (a total of 118 participants). The HCR-20 was coded on the basis of file information.

Results

The mean HCR-20 scores were: Total score = 14.96 (SD = 6.56), H-scale = 8.42 (SD = 3.61), C-scale = 2.57 (SD = 2.16), R-scale = 3.89 (SD = 2.55). ROC analyses of the HCR-20 subscales showed AUC's of .72 for the H Scale, .69 for the C Scale and .58 for the R Scale.

Conclusions

The HCR-20 total score and final risk judgments were significantly more accurate in predicting violent recidivism (p < .05). Results indicate the predictive ability of the instrument may be maximized when judgments of final risk are used rather than an actuarial approach wherein individual risk factors are summed.
P02-141 - Examining Multidimensionality of the Referential Thinking Scale
Authors: Fernández-Jiménez E. , Senín-Calderón M.C. , Fuentes-Márquez S. , Valdés-Díaz M. , Benítez-Hernández M.M. , Rodríguez-Testal J.F.
Published: June 2010

Previously, we showed the usefulness of the REF scale to assess referential thinking (Rodríguez-Testal et al., 2001; 2009) although it isn’t specific for patients with psychotic disorders (Rodríguez-Testal et al., 2008).

Objectives

This instrumental work aims to replicate the exploratory factor analysis about the Referential Thinking Scale (REF scale) already developed by Lenzenweger et al. (1997) to examine its multidimensionality.

Methods

Participants: The analyzed sample consisted of 193 participants (67.36% women, mean 28.36 years old, SD = 10.35), of whom 131 were patients.

Design, materials and procedure: We used the REF-scale (Lenzenweger et al., 1997) adapted to Spanish language. This questionnaire consists of 34 items that assess the frequency of referential thinking on a dichotomic scale (true/false). We used SPSS 15.0 to conduct a principal-components factor analysis with a varimax and oblimin rotation.

Results

The principal-components factor analysis method led to 5 factors that explain 37.35% of variance for the rotated solution. Because of inter-factors correlations are small, we considered these factors as being independent. The five factors were labeled as: Laughter, Commentaries (it accounted for 8.92% of variance); Guilt (it accounted for 8.77% of variance); Causal Explanations (it accounted for 7.17% of variance); Songs, Newspapers, Books (it accounted for 6.44% of variance); and Attention, Appearance (it accounted for 6.04% of variance).

Conclusions

It's obtained the five factors isolated in previous studies (Lenzenweger et al., 1997; Rodríguez-Testal et al., 2001). However, the multidimensionality of the REF scale must be viewed with caution because of a small percentage of explained variance.
P02-148 - Structural Neural Correlates of Anorexia Nervosa: a Review of Neuroimaging Studies
Authors: Gaudio S. , Bianco G. , Fariello G.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Many research groups have used neuroimaging techniques in order to investigate brain abnormalities in patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN). The results of structural studies, which utilised CT scan and MRI, have revealed both global brain abnormalities and region-specific brain abnormalities. The central disturbance in AN is that of a distorted body image and food refusal. The purpose of the present study was to analyze structural neuroimaging studies in order to revel the possible existence of a neural basis of AN symptoms.

Methods

Published reports from refereed journals of the last twenty years are collected, analyzed and synthesized into a summary of the most significant neuroimaging findings. We used as keywords “anorexia”, “neuroimaging”, “MRI”, “CT”, “manual measurement”, “voxel based morphometry” differently matched together.

Results

Structural studies have showed total decreases in both gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM), with an increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Several structural follow-up studies reported that GM, WM and CSF abnormalities are fully reversible after recovery, whilst other authors reported that GM decreases persists after recovery. Region-specific structural studies have principally revealed a decrease in extrastriate body area, precuneus, parietal lobe and, following recovery, the anterior cingulate cortex.

Conclusions

These results showed a global GM vulnerability in AN patients and that the specific GM regions affected are principally involved in the processing of body-image and mental images, and in the regulation of hunger and satiation. Although these results are still under debate, findings suggest that AN symptoms could have a neural substrate.
P02-153 - Spatial EEG Mapping of Go/NoGo tasks - a Cross Cultural Study in Young Children
Authors: Öllinger M. , Rocha A. , Rocha F.
Published: June 2010

Objective

It is well known that brain activity associated with Go/NoGo tasks differed for normal children and those with ADHD, anxiety disorders, etc. Here, EEG mapping is used to study brain activity associated with Go/NoGo tasks in two populations of young healthy Brazilian (Fig. 1A) and German (Fig. 1B) children (4-6 year old).

Methods

Children (N=30) performed a child-oriented go-nogo task at the computer. We determined the entropy of the correlations between the EEG signal recorded by each electrode (10/20 system in Brazil, extended 10/20 system in Germany) as proposed elsewhere (Rocha et al. 2005) for 1000 ms epochs after the beginning of each trial.

Fig. 1

Factor Brain Mappings associated with solving Go/NoGo tasks in Brazilian (A) and German (B) children

Results

Factor Analysis showed that the calculated entropy covaried among the frontal electrodes (Pattern F1); centro-temporal electrodes (Pattern F2) and the parieto-occiptal electrodes (Pattern F2) covariation in the two populations despite the different EEG recording systems.

Conclusion

Our spatial EEG approach revealed a Go/NoGo brain activity pattern similar to that recorded by adults in fMRI. In addition, the results were similar for two different populations of children and for two different recording systems. The EEG technology demonstrated here reliabl, cross cultural and cross technical robustness, when investigating young children from different cultures.
P02-154 - Intracebral Functional (LORETA) Connectivity During Attention to Bodily and Mental Processes and Resting
Authors: Milz P. , Faber P.L. , Pascual-Marqui R.D. , Lehmann D.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Attention is hypothesized to increase the brain's functional connectivity measured as EEG coherence between brain areas. Is this true for different types of attention compared to no-task resting?

Methods

In 25 healthy, meditation-naïve, right-handed, male students 58-channel EEG was recorded during three conditions of 5 minutes each with closed eyes in randomized order: (1) resting [3 runs], (2) mental arithmetic [2 runs], and (3) breath counting, a meditation initiation technique [2 runs]. For the 8 EEG frequency bands, the artifacted EEG was recomputed into sLORETA intracerebral current densities. To avoid localization ambiguities, we computed EEG coherence between sLORETA areas. To avoid effects of volume conduction, we computed intracerebral `lagged coherence' connectivity between sLORETA current densities in 19 areas. Averaged resting runs were compared to those breath counting and arithmetic runs of which participants post-hoc reported that their concentration was best.

Results

Paired t-tests between conditions yielded differences of coherence at p< 0.1 (corrected for multiple testing) for 5 EEG frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha1, alpha2, beta3) [number of connections in brackets]: coherence was lower in breath counting than arithmetic (delta, beta3 [1,1]). Coherence was lower in resting than arithmetic (alpha2 [1]), but higher in resting than breath counting (theta, alpha1, alpha2, beta3 [2,1,1,1]).

Conclusions

Attention to breath counting showed lowest, to arithmetic highest demands on intracerebral functional connectivity. Breath counting and mental arithmetic induce mental states whose inter-area connectivity differs in opposite directions from resting. The results do not support a global hypothesis of increased coherence during attention.
P02-163 - Dynamics of Alcoholic Psychoses in the Conditions of a Long Emergency Situation from 2002 Till 2008
Authors: Dalsaeva R. , Dalsaev M.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Islam is being practiced in Chechnya. There are data about alcohol abuse of a certain part of the population in the Muslim countries contrary to religious interdictions. Alcoholic psychoses reflect level of alcohol abuse among the population. The purpose of the present research was to reveal interrelation between dynamics of alcohol abuse, alcoholic psychoses, social changes during the different periods: the period of operations, the postmilitary period and that of active social restoration.

Methods

392 case records of patients with psychoses from 2002 till 2008 inclusively are studied. The age, duration and kinds of psychoses, rates of formation of dependence on alcohol advanced in years, average stay of the patient on a cot were estimated. The relation of the population to alcohol was established by questioning of 4,500 persons. All data were compared with the number of patients delivered in a drunken state for the same years. Processing was made by program SPSS 12.0 Windows

Results

Average stay on a cot annually decreased from 38,09 till 18,27 days. Duration of psychoses has decreased from 8,52 to 4,24. Fluctuation of number of the hospitalized patients had a correlation with the social phenomena in a society. In the process of normalization of situation in the republic the ratio of number of alcoholic psychoses to total number of hospitalized alcoholic patients decreases. The interrogated majority's attitude to alcohol abuse is negative.

Conclusions

There is a direct interrelation between the level of social stress, alcoholic psychoses, seriousness of their course and alcoholism growth.
P02-165 - The Meaning of Social Section of Psychiatry
Authors: Danilova S.
Published: June 2010

Mental health disorders continue to be a serious and expensive global health issue, affecting people of all ages and from all cultures and socio-economic status. The activity of social section of Russia psychiatry has a small history. Role of social section increase to render psychiatrical help. In Russia World Mental Health Day has been conducting since 2001. The goal of this share is to active social and professional organizations of psychiatry, to pay attention of power and public for present interest problems of psychiatry. Social Council by questions of mental health was create in 2005. Commission by conduction of World Mental Health Day in structure of Social Council by questions of mental health appeared in 2008. Competition «For innovation in region of mental health» has been conducting since 2008 in Russia. There are three nominations of Competition: psycoeducation, psycorehabilitation, psycoenlightenment. The missions of Competition are to celebrate humane, original, innovational works of doctors-psychiatrists, social organizations, to pay the attention of power and public for present interest problems of psychiatry, antistygmatization of psychiatry. The victor of Competition is a best region of Russian Federation.

32 organizations (dispensary of psychiatry, hospital of psychiatry, social organizations) took part in Competition «For innovation in region of mental health» - 2009.

Conclusions

These shares will promote to inform our population for possibility of psychiatrical science and practice, to form normal relation for psychic patients, to pay the attention of power and public for questions of mental health of population and to consolidate mental health of nation.
P02-168 - Mood Bipolar Disorders and Epilepsy: a Review
Authors: Feki A. , Mnif L. , Masmoudi J. , Haj Kacem H. , Halwani N. , Ayadi N. , Jaoua A.
Published: June 2010

There is a growing interest about comorbidity between bipolar disorders and epilepsy expressed in three perspectives: clinical, therapeutic and neuroscientist.

The prevalence of bipolar disorder among epileptic patients is about 0.1 to 5%.

At a clinical level, there are peri-ictal, inter-ictal bipolar troubles and those induced by the treatments (drugs, electric and surgical) of the epilepsy.

It seems that bipolar disorders have clinically specific characteristics (rapid cycles, less severe symptoms with each episode), where there is an association with epilepsy.

Then, therapeutic management of bipolar disorders among epileptic patients is specific.

The objective of this work is developed through a literature review, the clinical, the therapeutic and the evolutive characteristics of these disorders when found simultaneously.
P02-171 - DAI scale Score and Verbal Expressed Satisfaction with Neuroleptic Treatment
Authors: Gomez-Bernal G.
Published: June 2010

The aim of this study is to assess the verbal expressed satisfaction with neuroleptic treatment in thirty psychotic long-term inpatients. Verbal expressed satisfaction was compared with the results obtained in the DAI scale by the same psychotic inpatients.

From all the participants in the psychoeducation group preformed in our centre 30 inpatients were randomly selected. As a pre-test of this group DAI scale is administered and patients are asked about the grade of satisfaction with the neuroleptic treatment received.

A descriptive analysis of DAI scale scores and verbal expressed satisfaction is done and then Mc Nemar test is used to compare the percentage of satisfied patients with neuroleptic treatment using DAI scale and verbal expressed satisfaction. 30 psychotic inpatients were selected. Mean score in DAI scale was 15 points. Only 4 of the selected patients expressed an unfavourable opinion with the neuroleptic treatment received.

A good verbal expressed satisfaction with the neuroleptic treatment was expressed according with scores obtained in DAI scale with no statistical differences in Mc Nemar test between both groups (p=0.22).
P02-173 - Family Mental Health and Adaptation
Authors: Gutkevich E.V.
Published: June 2010

Objective

Identification of dependence of dynamic of mental health of the family in the process of demographic reproduction with adaptive possibilities of family members.

Methods

Complex investigation of 249 families of patients with mental disorders has been carried out revealing new forms of family and identification of qualitative and quantitative parameters of family interrelations with scale of family adaptation and cohesion FACES.

Results

Peculiarities of the contemporary family are as follows:

1)

family with one child predominates;

2)

number of birth beyond registered marriage increases;

3)

marriage consciously without children;

4)

process of nuclearization;

5)

open marriage;

6)

marital contract;

7)

alternative families emerge;

8)

number of lonely people and people consciously avoiding to get married increases.

Families according to degree of cohesion have been divided into balanced - 69% and imbalanced - 31% of families. According to degree of adaptability there were 39% of balanced families, 61% - imbalanced. We observe variability of families. For real cohesion disconnected level is typical, for adaptation - chaotic style. Thus, concordance of real and ideal images about the family is absent. Thereby we have identified potential possibilities of the families. Most of them pass onto balanced level of cohesion (5 types of families in total), remaining at the level of chaotic forms of adaptation when there are conditions for changes.

Conclusion

Mental health of the family at various stages of development of family system depends on adaptive possibilities.
P02-174 - Charles Bonnet Syndrome
Authors: Haj Kacem H. , Mnif L. , Masmoudi J. , Feki A. , Damak R. , Baati I. , Halwani N. , Ayadi N. , Jaoua A.
Published: June 2010

The Charles Bonnet syndrome is characterized by the presence of complex visual hallucinations among elderly patients with ophthalmic disease previously free of any psychiatric disorder. It has long been considered rare because of the reluctance of patients for fear of being thought mentally ill.

The objective of this work is to recognize the clinical characteristics of Charles Bonnet syndrome, allowing early detection and adequate care, through the presentation of two cases.

The authors report two cases of elderly, free of any dementia, patients, with the result of an intervention on cataract complicated by a bilateral blindness. Charles Bonnet syndrome is revealed by complex visual and stereotyped hallucinations.

These hallucinations exacerbated at night, disturbing the sleep of these patients.

Only when the insomnia was associated with anxiety agitation, their respective families decided to make the patients consult the psychiatrist.

The evolution under antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs was only partial.
P02-176 - Effects of Clozapine and its Metabolites on Expression of Glucose Transporter 2 Located in Cell Membrane of Isolated Rat's Islets
Authors: Liu H. , Ji C. , Xiao W. , Wang G.
Published: June 2010

Objective

The aim of this study was to clarify effects of Clozapine and its metabolites on insulin resection and expression of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) located in cell membrane of isolated rat's islets.

Methods

The cells of isolated rat's islets were prepared by a modified collagenase digestion methods. At 5.5 mmol/L glucose, the cells of islets was treated with 1mmol/L clozapine, desmethyl-clozapine(DCLO), clozapine N-oxide(CNO), respectively, blank control group was also set.

1.

After incubation 48h, the insulin in supernatant was assayed by radioimmunoassay.

2.

The cells of isolated rat's islets in each group were detected GLUT2 mRNA level with RT-PCR and its protein expression with Western-blot.

Results

1.

Compared to control group, clozapine significantly inhibited insulin secretion (P=0.007< 0.01); DCLO has a tendency to inhibit insulin secretion after 48h of incubation, but no significant difference was found (P=0.154>0.05). There was no difference of insulin secretion between CNO group and the control group after 48h of incubation (P>0.05).

2.

The mRNA and protein expression of GLUT2 located in cell membrane of slets: clozapine group was significantly lower than control group (P=0.017< 0.05, P=0.035< 0.05), DCLO group was also lower than control group, but no significant difference was found (P>0.05), and no significant difference between CNO group and control group (P>0.05).

Conclusion

Clozapine can inhibit GLUT2 expression of cells of islets, and then hamper glucose transport through cell membrane, which was one of mechanisms to explain the effect of clozapine on insulin secretion.
P02-178 - BMI Directly Relates to Glycaemia in Patients with Severe Enduring Mental Illness
Authors: Anderson S. , Narayanan R.P. , Hodgson R. , de Hert M. , Heald A.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

People with severe enduring mental illness (SMI) are at least twice as likely to die from cardiovascular disease (CVD) than the general population, with 60% of excess mortality rate attributable to physical illness.

Methods

We report implementation in primary care of screening and intervention for cardiometabolic risk factors in SMI in Cheshire, UK. Data search was performed through the EMIS software provider.

Results

453 patients (55.8% male 44.2% female) on the SMI Register in Cheshire, UK were screened for dysglycaemia (screening rate 57.3 %) and dyslipidaemia (screening rate 36.2%). There were no differences in BMI by gender, but a greater proportion of women (25% vs 20%) were obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Fasting glucose was in the impaired fasting glycaemia range (6.1-6.9mM) in 6.5% of those screened and at or above the threshold for type 2 diabetes (7.0mM) in 17.3% of the group. Fasting serum cholesterol was high at >5mmol/L in 62.8% of those screened for whom the mean cholesterol was 6.2±0.8 mmol/L). Despite high rates of dysglycaemia and dyslipidaemia, systolic blood pressure was greater than 140mmHg in only 13% of those examined. 61% were active smokers.

Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed a direct relation between fasting glucose levels and BMI (beta = 0.22, p< 0.001) independent of age, gender, systolic blood pressure and fasting cholesterol and triglycerides.

Conclusion

There is scope for cardiometabolic risk reduction in patients with severe mental illness. Measures to encourage weight reduction and smoking cessation would be vital in risk reduction strategies.
P02-180 - Complicated Grief in Families of Enforced Disappearances
Authors: Hussain A. , Wani Z. , Rather Y. , Khan M. , Mushtaq H.
Published: June 2010

Objective

To determine incidence of complicated grief in the families of enforced disappearance in the conflict torn Kashmir valley. Complicated GRIEF is a recently identified symptom complex marked by continued separation distress and bereavement related accompanying traumatic distress.

Methods

A total of 100 family members who were recruited from a workshop conducted by department of psychiatry and MEDICENS SAN FRONTIERS with family members of enforced disappearances were screened by psychiatrists.

Results

COMPLICATED GREIF was very prevalent, 79% screened positive for complicated grief, PTSD was present in 30% of screened, 41% met criteria for major depressive disorder, 38% neither met criteria for major depressive disord: er nor PTSD, even though everybody who met criteria for PTSD had major depressive disorder as comorbidity.

Conclusion

COMPLICATED GRIEF is a important diagnosis in this subgroup of population and results into significant distress and dysfunction and hence warrants attention.
P02-182 - Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in a UK Psychiatric Population
Authors: Millar H.L.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Significant physical co-morbidity is recognised as prevalent among patients with severe mental illness. UK guidelines for treatment of both schizophrenia (NICE 2009; Clinical guideline 82) and bipolar disorder (NICE 2006; Clinical guideline 38) provide recommendations for screening physical health problems. Despite the evidence base, physical health screening in this population is inconsistent. The Dundee Health Screen Clinic was set up to monitor cardiovascular and metabolic problems by providing health checks and offer exercise and dietary advice along with smoking cessation groups. This survey demonstrates the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this sample, associated risk variables and prescribed antipsychotics.

Method

Metabolic syndrome prevalence was assessed among 240 new patients attending the Dundee Health Screening clinic from Nov 2005-Aug 2008. The health screen designed included demographic details, clinical investigations, a lifestyle history and a record of prescribed medication.

Results

Metabolic syndrome (defined by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria) prevalence was 39.7%, with a higher propensity among those prescribed atypical versus typical antipsychotics. Predictors of metabolic syndrome suggested that BMI, a 10-year risk of CHD and diabetes are significantly associated with metabolic syndrome. 135 patients had dyslipidaemia with only 5.9% receiving lipid-lowering agents. Only 13 out of 94 patients with hypertension had received antihypertensive treatment.

Conclusions

This study identifies significant unmet medical need in the health screening of the severely mentally ill. Health screening programmes are required for this high risk population with early intervention and appropriate medical follow up to minimise cardiovascular risk and its associated morbidity and mortality.
P02-186 - The Comparison of Mental Health and Loucus of Control in Professional and Amateur Athletes
Authors: Karimian J. , Shekarchizadeh P.
Published: June 2010

This study is The Comparison of Mental Health and Loucus of Control in Professional and Amateur Athletes and nonahletes. The sample of this research includes 150 Professionals, amateur athletes and nonahletes of Isfahan city. They homogeneous in age, marital status, subject of education, level of education and subject of education and level of income. The research method was causal_comparative. Rater locus of control inventory and Goldberg mental health inventory were used to collect the data. The results showed that, there is a significant difference in locus of control.Among Professional, and amateur athletes and nonahletes.
P02-205 - Leigh Syndrome and Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Mnif L. , Masmoudi J. , Baati I. , Damak R. , Halwani N. , Feki A. , Hadjkacem H. , Ayadi N. , Jaoua A.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Evidence is accumulating that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of some psychiatric disorders such as Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia. In addition, among their other symptoms, people diagnosed with mitochondrial disease have high rates of psychiatric disorders. Leigh syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder, usually due to a defect in oxidative metabolism. The symptoms begin in the childhood by neurological troubles. Few reports mention psychiatric disorders. The objective of this work is to study relations between mitochondrial dysfunction and psychiatric disorders through a case of Leigh Syndrome.

Case report

It was a 20 year-old male patient, who had taken L-Dopa to treat severe extrapyramidal symptoms caused by Leigh syndrome. He developed, four months ago, acute psychotic symptoms such us audio-visual hallucinations, persecution and mystic delirium. The cerebral MRI had shown signal abnormalities in Basal Ganglia. This aspect was similar to those observed in the MRI having been practiced five years ago. The EEG recording was normal.The CSF and blood lactate levels were normal. The hypothesis that drug (L-Dopa) caused psychiatric disorders was possible. But, the digression of medicine was impossible due to the severity of extrapyramidal symptoms. The evolution under atypical antipsychotic was only partial.

Discussion and conclusion

In this case, the CSF lactate levels mean that mitochondrial dysfunction is not an overall explanation for these psychiatric disorders but may at least play a partial role. Psychiatric disorders may be induced by drugs or may just be a simple comorbidity.
P02-208 - Compare of Bifrontal and Bitemporal Electroconvulsive Therapy (Side Effects and Hemodynamic Changes)
Authors: Nikfarjam M. , Najafi M.
Published: June 2010

Background

ECT is an effective and unknown treatment in the psychiatric patients. The authors compared the clinical and cognitive effects of bifrontal electrode placement with standard bitemporal electrode placement in the treatment of patient with major depression disorder and bipolar mood disorder.

Method

Twenty -five patients with major depression disorder and Twenty-one patients with bipolar mood disorder were treated with a cource of bifrontal or bitemporal ECT. The Beck Rating Scale for depression and the Yung test for bipolar and the standardized Mini-Mental State Examination were adminestered at baseline and repeated during the cource of treatment (After 6th ECT& 1mouth later).

Results

Forty-six of the 47 patients who completed the course of treatment met remission criteria by the 6th treatment. There were no differences between the patient given bifrontal ECT and those given bitemporal ECT in the number of treatment required to reach remission criteria. The standardized Mini-Mental State score of the patient given bitemporal ECT was simillar to those of the patient given bifrontal ECT. The result of Yung test and Beck test was similar in two BT&BF groups.

Conclusion

Bifrontal electrode placement was as efficacious as bitemporal electrode placement and resulted the same cognitive impairment. A study of the two placements with more cognitine measures is indicated.
P02-210 - Verbal Fluency: Sex or Gender Characteristic
Authors: Nikolic-Balkoski G. , Duisin D.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Who or what is responsible for sex caused differences in brain structure and functioning: our biological inheritance or is it simply the consequence and the result of learning, experience and socio cultural influence? Scientists with different approaches and different orientation agreed in one: responsibility for sex caused differences of cognitive capabilities share innate (genes and hormones) and acquired (experience and learning) factors.

Methodology

Studies which consider cognitive abilities males and females are mostly done with heterosexual and homosexual individuals. The aim of this study was to asses some aspects of cognitive functioning of female-male transsexuals (FMT) and to compare it with the model of functioning of heterosexual female (HF) and male (HM) individuals.

Experimental group consisted of seven FMT and 14 individuals were in HS group (seven in each, HM and HF). FMT were in stage of preparation for operative treatment, and transsexualism was diagnosed and guided within this program. We used Thurstone Test of Verbal Fluency as a written test for word fluency.

Results and conclusion

The results showed that in the first part of the test (words starting with S) F-M transsexual group was the worst, and in the second part of the test (words with 4 letters starting with K) they had the score closer to homosexual females. Higher score in the last minutes in both parts of test had the group of F-M transsexuals and male heterosexuals. This could be interpreted as an outcome of better attention of individuals in these groups.
P02-218 - Case Report of Cerebellum Tuberculosis in 40 Years Old Male in Ardabil
Authors: Chini Froush M.M. , Rezaei Ghalechi E.
Published: June 2010

Background

Tuberculoma occurs in all age groups but are encountered most often during the first three decades of life. Recognized extra cranial infection or a history of exposure to tubercle bacilli are common but not constant feature.

Method

Microscopically, the process of caseation culminates centerally as a core of amorphous eosinophilic substance but remains imperfect peripherally as a basophilic band of karyorrhectic debris. It is in this outer zone that tubercle bacilli are to be found in greatest abundance. The firm lamina that surrounds the caseous component consists of chronically inflamed fibrous tissue, scattered islands of lymphoid cells, granulomas & giant cells. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes predominate in some lesion. The paucity of granulomatous inflammation in rare lesions produces a similarity to the more common pyogenic abscess. Granulomatous forms of cerebritis also are seen in other mycobacterial & fungal infections, parasitic or spirochetal infection, and in idiopathic condition such as sarcoidosis, crohn disease, SLE. The only way to establish a definitive diagnosis is by biopsy.

Results

Signs & symptoms as headache, seizures, papilledema, hemiplegia, and cerebellar dysfunction are expressions of the lesion's destructive & expansile nature. Fever may intimate its inflammatory character. In situ the Tuberculoma is remarkable for the contrast between its hard consistency & that of juxtaposed edematous brain.

Discussion

Although, social & economic development lessen the incidence of brain tuberculomas, it might be a matter for the neurosurgeon which must be differentiated from abscess.
P02-220 - Personality as Predictor of Happiness in Male Athlete and Non-Athlete Students of Isfahan University
Authors: Shekarchizadeh P. , Karimian J.
Published: June 2010

Despite increasing interest in psychology of happiness, there have been few studies on personality correlates of happiness. This study examined the personality (EPQ)correlates of happiness(CHI)on Isfahan University male students and role of participating in sport activities. The results showed that athletes. in spite of being happy were no significantly different than non-athletes. Correlational analysis in two groups showed extraversion, and neuroticism to be a major correlate of happiness. Regressions performed separately for happiness was remarkably a predictor of happinees by extraversion and neuroticism traits of personality. However, other personality traits, athlete and non-athlete characteristics and variable did not predict happiness.
P02-221 - The “Gender Gap” in Authorship of Academic Psychiatric Literature
Authors: Sibitz I. , Amering M. , Schrank B.
Published: June 2010

Objective

The number of women in psychiatry has increased considerably during the past 40 years, but issues of concern persist regarding the advancement of women in academic medicine. The study explores the development of the representation of women among authors of scientific publications.

Method

Articles published by three high impact general psychiatric journals - the Archives of General Psychiatry, the American Journal of Psychiatry and the British Journal of Psychiatry - were categorized according to characteristics of psychiatric research with respect to the researchers’ gender. Data were collected for the years 1994 and 2007.

Results

Overall the rate of female authors increased from about one fourth in 1994 to one third in 2007. The highest increases of female authors were found in the most relevant areas for academic career: first authorship, original research articles and publications on neuroimaging and genetics.

Conclusions

Despite considerable gains, women still compose a minority of authors of scientific publications in the journals studied. Ongoing effort and interventions are required to promote further advances and gender equity.
P02-225 - Minimal invasive microneurosurgery technique for the treatment psychiatric diseases
Authors: Svadovsky A.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Investigations of Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF) by Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT) revealed hypoperfusion/ischemia in different parts of the brain in psychiatric diseases.

Objective

We analysed 8 patients with psychiatric illness, such as autism (3), depression with psychosis (1), obsessive-compulsive disorder (2), Parkinson Disease with hallucinatory syndrome (1), Cerebral Palsy with autistic syndrome (1) which were investigated and underwent neurosurgery.7 patients were men, 1-woman.Age 3-34 years.Patients earlier got modern drugs therapy without success.

Aims

To open a new physiological way of treatment of psychiatric illnesses.

Methods

CT/MRI, EEG were performed in each case. We havent possibilities investigate by SPECT. Studies of CBF performed by Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (TCD) on Middle Cerebral Artery in both side. TCD included blood flow velocity (BFV)/Gosling Pulse Index (PIG). We are create new minimal invasive neurosurgery for revascularization of the brain in patients with psychiatric illness. Ligation of 2-4 branches of external carotid arteries are executed by all patients that had provided redirection/reinforcement of arterial blood flow into internal carotid artery pool. Local or minimal general anesthesia used. Patent of RF, currently abroad.

Results

In pre surgery in all patients BFV values were very low in compare with normal. PIG data always less on 30-55% to references. We accepted this trend as brain ischemia. After surgery positive correlation of TCD data and better psychiatric status was noted. Catamnesis tracked from 5 month till 5 years. No lethal cases and complications.

Conclusions

We considered that SPECT phenomenon of hypoperfusion and TCD signs of brain ischemia can play the essential role in pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases. Our surgery method is relatively simple and need not even in small trepanation and seriously anesthesiology provision.
P02-230 - “Psychogenic” Polidipsia and its Biological Correlates: a Case Report
Authors: Tournikioti K. , Gournellis R. , Voumvourakis K. , Moussas G. , Stamboulis E. , Lykouras L.
Published: June 2010

Objective

Primary polydipsia is a clinical disorder characterized by excessive fluid intake (polydipsia) and consequent excessive fluid excretion (polyuria). The underlying pathophysiology of Primary polydipsia is still unclear. We present a case of a 26 year-old man without any previous psychiatric or neurological history who was thoroughly investigated for severe symptoms of polydipsia and polyuria. The only finding consisted of a probable micro-adenoma on the left side of the sella turcica.

Methods

The patient was thoroughly assessed by psychiatrists and psychologists through clinical and diagnostic interviews and was administered a wide range of psychometric tools including MMPI-2, SCID, YBOCS, BDI, HAM-17 and SCL-90. Moreover, he underwent a comprehensive physical and neurological examination, blood tests, renal function tests, endocrinological assessment including hormone assays, water deprivation test and desmopressin trial and brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

Results

No major psychiatric disorder was detected apart from the presence of mild depressive symptoms. A brain MRI revealed a 4-5 mm diameter lesion on the left side of the sella turcica with lower contrast enhancement than the rest of the gland, which was suggestive of pituitary micro-adenoma.

Conclusion

We considered the patient's depressive symptomatology as secondary to his condition. There is no other report of pituitary microadenoma in patients with symptoms of polydipsia and polyuria. We hypothesize that the location of the lesion may be related to the hypothalamic centre of thirst.
P03-03 - Improvement in Quality of Psychiatry Research & Treatment in Europe Should Focus on Yet Neglected Arenas & Should be Holistic
Authors: Acharya A.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Future research & treatment, as aspired by a psychiatrist from a devoloping country should address not only the Biological or pharmacoligal way cure only, where ultimately drug maintanance remains an obligatory factor for long time. It should blend Psych-analyssis in a modern way & other therapies, those were shown in past by the legendary European Psychiatrist, spcialy from German, France & Ausria etc. in a way toobtain a change in the person.

Objectives

Mission should bekept also to amalgamate the spiritual depth, Indian & other Asian Philoshoper's view on mind distress & their way to conquire the mind through Meditation. Attachment was viewed by Budha or other Hindu philoshopers as cause of misery & thier advocation of dispassion/meditation practice should be viewed in modern light.

Aims

Ultimately lowering the sufferings of the mentally ill in efficient &in best economic way without not adding adverse effects will be there.

Methods

Problems those are to be addressed with special emphyasis are Adolescent & child mental & bevavioral disorder, the giganticaly fast growing mental illnesse of geriatric population, those of Womens Mental health problems like, post-parum, intrapartum & menopausal phase & prementrual Dysphoria. Sresses in working class women, alone women or desertet women's mental health issue needs new research.

A suitable less harmful mood disorder in early stage of pregnancy, in lactating period, or a suitable regimen in ac.depressivephase of BPMD with suicidal-urges, or in mixed & non classified stages of BPMD sould be elaborated.

Apart from Litium & Clozapin other drugs is to be hunt with proven anti-suicidal properety.

Conclusions

Excellents is scope.
P03-04 - New Direction in in Research of Mental Disorders & Treatment Should Include the Libidonal Loss or Diminiution
Authors: Acharya A.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

A less arena of discussion & evalution in the patients overall recovery in mentalstates seldom adrress the libidonal status or it's change or loss in the course of treatment.

Objectives

Many mental disorderly patients present the important symptom in the change of their libidonal status, as an increase in BPMD mania or hopomaniac state or diminished or lost in Depression, in Schizophrenia, in alcohol abuse or in substance abuse or even in dementia or on ongoing treatment of it is further alttered by the use of several drugs. In the evalutation of the patient's mental status folow up this part of the history is not enquired unless reported by the patient or spouse discloses.

AIIMS: Here is a small study where only 120 patients were evaluated for their libidonal present status or a change i& the same was analysed.

Methods

60 male & 60 female in the age group of 20-40 those were register for OPD treatment in Calcutta Pavlov Hospital, during Jan09-March09 was given a simple 3point quisenaiere to asses their libidonal state or it's change.

Results

It was astonised to find mainly a diminution in their sexual abilities in >60% inmale &>than 30% in female patients irrespective of their diagnosis.

Drug treatment mostly important were Ttihexyphenidyl in concurrent use with Haloperdol Or Respiredone, Reperidone itself,other drugs like proponolal or TCA antidepressant and the most SSRIs.Our observation are mainly clinical based due to lack of sophistacated labarotary infrasrtuctre.

Conclusions

Libidonal changea/ssesement would remain as a new arena of research in future.
P03-05 - Care Practices of Nurses will Face Portuguese Violence Against Women
Authors: Albuquerque C. , Rua H. , Oliveira S.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

This study emphasised the nurses’ assistance practices and conceptions in order to understand how they perceive and live with all the complexity that underlies this phenomenon.

Methods

With the articulation of qualitative methods (interview) and quantitative (structured questionnaire), the study focused on a group of 78 nurses aged between 22 and 60 years (average: 40.15) being 61% women and experience either in the hospital or in primary health care.

Results

We found that violence against women was perceived as a complex phenomenon and present, with strong socio-cultural, marked by abuse of power and disregard for human rights. We note also that nurses generally experience negative feelings associated with the aggressor, but also the victim. On his practice emphasizes the desire to help and, paradoxically, a strong sense of powerlessness. The lack of competence / training to effectively tackle the problem is also a reference, supplemented with special needs to progress in this area.

Conclusions

The evidence presented here should be taken into consideration by health professionals in a reorientation of care model in this area.
P03-06 - Therapeutic Adherence in Diabetes Mellitus: a Psycho-Social Analysis
Authors: Amaral A. , Cruz R. , Rocha C. , Lopes D.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

The Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease whose treatment requires strict clinical care and continuing education such as medication, nutrition and physical activity. Education is a decisive factor in preventing complications that may arise from the failure of therapy. Therefore, the therapeutic adherence must include a psycho-social approach.

Objectives

To study the degree of adherence to the pharmacologic treatment and dietary habits in patients with type I and type II diabetes mellitus and to evaluate the influence of the level of education, sex and type of diabetes.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted of the descriptive-correlational type. The sample consisted of 100 diabetic type I and type II individuals and was obtained by convenience at the health center of S. Martinho do Bispo, in Coimbra - Portugal, during the period from May till June 2009.

Results and conclusions

The results indicate a high adherence to therapy, reflected trhough the diet and also the pharmacological treatment. However, the higher adherence found was related to prescription of medication. The demographic variables such as sex and level of education of patients, seem to positively influence the adherence to treatment.
P03-07 - Combined Antipsychotics use in a Community Rehabilitation Psychiatric Service
Authors: Apantaku-Olajide T. , Whitty P.
Published: June 2010

Background

Despite the clinical guidelines regarding the use of combined antipsychotics and the limited evidence for its benefits, the use remains high in psychiatric practice.

Aims

To measure the prevalence and examine the reasons for initiating and continuing combined antipsychotics in psychiatric illnesses.

Method

A cross-sectional study was carried out using medical records in a psychiatric community rehabilitation service. A representative sample (n= 75) of patients with chronic and enduring psychiatric illnesses was studied. The age, gender, diagnosis and prescribed antipsychotics were examined. The prevalence and documented reasons for combined antipsychotic prescribing were analysed.

Results

Seventy-three of the seventy-five patients were prescribed antipsychotic mediations. Of these, 44 (60%) received a combination of 2 or more antipsychotics. The most common reason for combined prescribing was a switch of antipsychotic (n=18; 41%). No reason was documented in 19 cases (43%).

Conclusion

In-complete switching of antipsychotics contributed to a high prevalence of combined antipsychotic use, and lack of adequate documentation on reasons for the combination was common.
P03-09 - Sexual Health in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Azevedo J. , Rosas M.J. , Esteves M. , Vieira Coelho M.A. , Torres A. , Gago M. , Sousa G. , Garrett C. , Linhares P. , Vaz R.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

The impact of Idiopathic Parkinson Disease (IPD) in patient’s sexual health is still a matter of debate. Clinicians should have a concern about the sexual function of their patients with IPD.

Aims

To evaluate sexual health of patients with IPD.

Methods

We randomly select a group of IPD patients and a group of healthy controls. We used the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) to assess sexual function. To evaluate depression and anxiety we used Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and Beck Depression Index (BDI).

Results

We had 83 IPD patients, and 69 controls. Male patients had lower total IIEF scores than controls (p< 0,001). The analysis of linear regression shows a relationship between the IIFE and the duration of the disease, the patient age and the BDI score (R=0,72; Adjusted R square=0,49, p< 0,001) when adjusted to the variables: realization of deep brain cirurgy of subthalamic nucleus (DBS-STN) stage of the disease, BSI score, dopaminergic treatment, treatment with antidepressives and antipsychotics. The IFSF didn’t show differences between the cases and the controls. Patients had higher BSI and BDI scores than controls (p< 0,001).

Conclusions

Male IPD patients had an impairment of sexual function predicted by disease duration, patient age and BDI scores. Sexual function should be assessed in these patients