bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Phase Transformations During Graded Thermo-Mechanical Processing of Press-Hardening Sheet Steel 22MnB5
Authors: Reitz A. , Grydin O. , Schaper M.
Published: September 2020

Safety-relevant components in automobiles require materials that combine high strength with sufficient residual ductility and high-energy absorption. A graded thermo-mechanical treatment of the press-hardening steel 22MnB5 with graded microstructure can provide a material with such properties. Different austenitization temperatures, cooling and forming conditions within a sheet part lead to the development of microstructures with mixed phase compositions. To determine the resulting phase contents in such graded processed parts, a large number of dilatometric tests are usually required. With a non-contact characterization method, it is possible to detect local phase transformations on an inhomogeneously treated flat steel specimen. For press-hardening steel after heat treatment and thermo-mechanical processing, correlations between austenitization temperature, hot deformation strain, microstructure, and hardness are established.
Safety of Single Stage Revision Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Compared to Laparoscopic Roux-Y Gastric Bypass after Failed Gastric Banding
Authors: Janik Michał , Ibikunle Christopher , Khan Ahad , Aryaie Amir H.
Published: September 2020

Background

Reoperation, after failed gastric banding, is a controversial topic. A common approach is band removal with conversion to laparoscopic Roux-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in a single-step procedure.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the safety of revisional surgery to LSG compared to LRYGB after failed laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) based on MBSAQIP Participant User File from 2015 to 2018.

Methods

Patients who underwent a one-stage conversion of LAGB to LSG (Conv-LSG) or LRYGB (Conv-LRYGB) were identified in the MBSAQIP PUF from 2015 to 2017. Conv-LRYGB cases were matched (1:1) with Conv-LSG patients using propensity scoring to control for potential confounding. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality.

Results

A total of 9974 patients (4987 matched pairs) were included in the study. Conv-LRYGB, as compared with conv-SG, was associated with a similar risk of mortality (0.02% vs. 0.06%; relative risk [RR], 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03 to 3.20, p = 0.32). Conversion to LRYGB increased the risk for readmission (6.16% vs. 3.77%; RR, 1.63; 95%CI, 1.37 to 1.94, p < 0.01); reoperation (2.15% vs. 1.36%; RR, 1.57; 95%CI, 1.17 to 2.12, p = <0.01); leak (1.76% vs. 1.02%; RR, 1.57; 95%CI, 1.72 to 2.42, p < 0.01); and bleeding (1.66% vs. 1.00%; RR, 1.66; 95%CI, 1.7 to 2.34, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

The study shows that single-stage LRYGB and LSG as revisional surgery after gastric banding, are safe in the 30-day observation with an acceptable complication rate and low mortality. However, conversion to LRYGB increased the risk of perioperative complications.
Developing an all-round combustion kinetics model for nonspherical waste-derived solid fuels
Authors: Szűcs Tibor , Szentannai Pál
Published: September 2020

The utilization of challenging solid fuels in the energy industry (especially the ones derived from wastes) has a big priority nowadays, as it is a valid option to keep the recent EU directive related to the decrease of landfills. However, there are serious technical challenges, connecting to the lack of knowledge about the behavior of these fuels in the combustion chamber. This paper discusses the specific aspects of developing particle models concerning the combustion of these non-conventional fuels. A new modeling approach is presented, using which it is possible to develop an all-round particle model that includes every significant influencing process. Moreover, it does not have any restrictions regarding the shape, size and the origin of the particle. As an integral component of this model, the distinctive aspects of intrinsic reaction kinetics related to waste fuels are presented as well.
Rogue device discrimination in ZigBee networks using wavelet transform and autoencoders
Authors: Haji Bagheri Fard Mohammad Amin , Chouinard Jean-Yves , Lebel Bernard
Published: September 2020

In modern wireless systems such as ZigBee, sensitive information which is produced by the network is transmitted through different wired or wireless nodes. Providing the requisites of communication between diverse communication system types, such as mobiles, laptops, and desktop computers, does increase the risk of being attacked by outside nodes. Malicious (or unintentional) threats, such as trying to obtain unauthorized accessibility to the network, increase the requirements of data security against the rogue devices trying to tamper with the identity of authorized devices. In such manner, focusing on Radio Frequency Distinct Native Attributes (RF-DNA) of features extracted from physical layer responses (referred to as preambles) of ZigBee devices, a dataset of distinguishable features of all devices can be produced which can be exploited for the detection and rejection of spoofing/rogue devices. Through this procedure, distinction of devices manufactured by the different/same producer(s) can be realized resulting in an improvement of classification system accuracy. The two most challenging problems in initiating RF-DNA are (1) the mechanism of features extraction in the generation of a dataset in the most effective way for model classification and (2) the design of an efficient model for device discrimination of spoofing/rogue devices. In this paper, we analyze the physical layer features of ZigBee devices and present methods based on deep learning algorithms to achieve high classification accuracy, based on wavelet decomposition and on the autoencoder representation of the original dataset.
Operationalizing ecosystem service bundles for strategic sustainability planning: A participatory approach
Authors: Malmborg Katja , Enfors-Kautsky Elin , Queiroz Cibele , Norström Albert , Schultz Lisen
Published: September 2020

The ecosystem service concept is recognized as a useful tool to support sustainability in decision-making. In this study, we collaborated with actors in the Helge å catchment, southern Sweden, in an iterative participatory ecosystem service assessment. Through workshops and interviews, we jointly decided which ecosystem services to assess and indicators to use in order to achieve a sense of ownership and a higher legitimacy of the assessment. Subsequently, we explored the landscape-level interactions between the 15 assessed services, and found that the area can be described using three distinct ecosystem service bundles. The iterative, participatory process strengthened our analysis and created a shared understanding and overview of the multifunctional landscape around Helge å among participants. Importantly, this allowed for the generated knowledge to impact local strategic sustainability planning. With this study, we illustrate how similar processes can support local decision-making for a more sustainable future.
Exploration into the opinions of patients with HIV, healthcare professionals and the lay public of the use of microneedles in clinical practice: highlighting the translational potential for their role in HIV infection
Authors: Moffatt Kurtis , Quinn Caoimhe , McCague Paul J. , Donnelly Ryan F.
Published: September 2020

Poor adherence to oral antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains an important challenge in the treatment of HIV. Microneedles (MN) potentially could offer a non-invasive long-acting (LA) delivery approach, avoiding the need for daily dosing of ART. However, this claim has yet to be explored amongst its potential end-users. The aim of this mixed methods study was to investigate the perspectives from various end-users surrounding the translation of MN technology to general clinical practice, with a particular focus on delivery of ART. Quantitative postal questionnaires were distributed amongst healthcare professionals (HCPs) and the lay public (LP). A total of 208 responses were obtained (HCP, 69; LP, 139), with a completion rate of 34.7%. The consensus on MN technology was positive from both demographics (HCP, 97.1%; LP, 98.6%), with further strong support of postulated MN use within HIV (HCP, 97.1%; LP, 98.6%). Qualitative focus groups were employed to investigate in-depth, the perspectives of 12 patients with HIV. Again, consensus on MN technology was positive, highlighting benefits pertinent to HIV, including discreet self-application and potential sustained release thus avoiding daily oral ART and associated side effects. Patient concerns focused on the need for varied MN dosing schedules and a reluctance to change from established ART. The findings of this study provide an initial indication of MN acceptability, particularly for use within HIV, from various end-user demographics. Furthermore, concerns raised advocate the importance of continued translational research in this area and should act as motivators for those in MN development to ensure a patient-centred MN product is delivered.
Family History for Cardio-Metabolic Diseases: A Predictor of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Men with Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Rastrelli Giulia , Yannas Dimitri , Mucci Benedetta , Corona Giovanni , Maggi Mario
Published: September 2020

Background

Family history (FH) of cardiovascular (CV) disease is a known CV risk factor. However, it is rarely considered for CV risk stratification. Furthermore, FH for metabolic diseases is generally overlooked.

Aim

To evaluate, in a population of men with erectile dysfunction (ED), whether FH for cardio-metabolic diseases could provide insights into metabolic and sexual features and predict the occurrence of forthcoming major adverse CV events (MACE).

Methods

A consecutive series of 4,693 individuals (aged 51.3 ± 13.3 years) attending an Andrology outpatient clinic for ED was studied. A subset of these (n = 1,595) was evaluated retrospectively for MACE occurrence.

Outcomes

Several metabolic and sexual function–related parameters were studied. For the retrospective study, information on an incident MACE was collected over a mean follow-up of 4.2 ± 2.5 years.

Results

A greater number of cardio-metabolic FH factors were associated with a worse metabolic profile, including higher waist circumference, triglycerides, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and diastolic blood pressure, as well as lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. An increased number of FH factors were associated with worse erectile function (odds ratio = 1.14[1.07;1.23], P < .0001), impaired penile dynamic peak systolic velocity, and lower testosterone levels. In the retrospective study, a positive cardiometabolic FH was associated with a significantly higher incidence of MACEs, even after adjusting for age and comorbidities (hazard ratio = 1.51[1.06-2.16], P = .023). Interestingly, when dividing the sample into high- and low-risk categories according to several CV risk factors (age, previous MACEs, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and comorbidities), FH was confirmed as a predictor of incident MACE only among the low-risk individuals.

Clinical Implications

Investigating FH for cardio-metabolic diseases is a quick and easy task that could help clinicians in identifying, among individuals with ED, those who deserve careful evaluation of CV and metabolic risk factors. Moreover, considering FH for CV risk stratification could predict MACEs in individuals who, according to conventional CV risk factors, would be erroneously considered at low risk.

Strengths & Limitations

The large sample size and the systematic collection of MACEs through an administrative database, with no risk of loss at follow-up, represent strengths. The use of administrative database for MACE collection may lead to some misclassifications. The specific population of the study limits the generalizability of the results.

Conclusion

FH is simple and inexpensive information that should be part of the CV risk assessment in all men with ED because it helps in the identification of those who need lifestyle and risk factor modifications and whose risk would otherwise be overlooked.
Emotion, Sense, Experience
Authors: Boddice Rob , Smith Mark
Published: September 2020

Emotion, Sense, Experience calls on historians of emotions and the senses to come together in serious and sustained dialogue. The Element outlines the deep if largely unacknowledged genealogy of historical writing insisting on a braided history of emotions and the senses; explains why recent historical treatments have sometimes profitably but nonetheless unhelpfully segregated the emotions from the senses; and makes a compelling case for the heuristic and interpretive dividends of bringing emotions and sensory history into conversation. Ultimately, we envisage a new way of understanding historical lived experience generally, as a mutable product of a situated world-brain-body dynamic. Such a project necessarily points us towards new interdisciplinary engagement and collaboration, especially with social neuroscience. Unpicking some commonly held assumptions about affective and sensory experience, we re-imagine the human being as both biocultural and historical, reclaiming the analysis of human experience from biology and psychology and seeking new collaborative efforts.
A “Body of Business Makers”: The Detroit Housewives League, Black Women Entrepreneurs, and the Rise of Detroit’s African American Business Community
Authors: BOYD KENDRA D.
Published: September 2020

This article examines the Detroit Housewives League (DHL) in the 1930s and 1940s, concentrating on DHL members’ actions as businesswomen. Past narratives have framed the DHL as an extension of the black women’s club movement or as part of the women-driven consumer movements of the 1930s and 1940s, particularly highlighting the organization’s philosophies on black women’s purchasing power. I argue that entrepreneurial DHL women brought prior business knowledge to their organizing and were significant business experts and leaders. By conducting business research, forging community networks, and, significantly, establishing commercial colleges and other forms of business education in the city, DHL members’ work was vital for the black business community as a whole and for women entrepreneurs in particular. In reframing the DHL as an organization established by black entrepreneurial women, I suggest scholars should reevaluate black women’s contributions to other forms of activism in order to recover additional histories of black women’s entrepreneurship and business leadership.
Using diagnostic stewardship to reduce rates, healthcare expenditures and accurately identify cases of hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection
Authors: Solanky Dipesh , Juang Derek K. , Johns Scott T. , Drobish Ian C. , Mehta Sanjay R. , Kumaraswamy Monika
Published: September 2020

Objective:

Lack of judicious testing can result in the incorrect diagnosis of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), unnecessary CDI treatment, increased costs and falsely augmented hospital-acquired infection (HAI) rates. We evaluated facility-wide interventions used at the VA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS) to reduce healthcare-onset, healthcare-facility–associated CDI (HO-HCFA CDI), including the use of diagnostic stewardship with test ordering criteria.

Design:

We conducted a retrospective study to assess the effectiveness of measures implemented to reduce the rate of HO-HCFA CDI at the VASDHS from fiscal year (FY)2015 to FY2018.

Interventions:

Measures executed in a stepwise fashion included a hand hygiene initiative, prompt isolation of CDI patients, enhanced terminal room cleaning, reduction of fluoroquinolone and proton-pump inhibitor use, laboratory rejection of solid stool samples, and lastly diagnostic stewardship with C. difficile toxin B gene nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) criteria instituted in FY2018.

Results:

From FY2015 to FY2018, 127 cases of HO-HCFA CDI were identified. All rate-reducing initiatives resulted in decreased HO-HCFA cases (from 44 to 13; P ≤ .05). However, the number of HO-HCFA cases (34 to 13; P ≤ .05), potential false-positive testing associated with colonization and laxative use (from 11 to 4), hospital days (from 596 to 332), CDI-related hospitalization costs (from $2,780,681 to $1,534,190) and treatment cost (from $7,158 vs $1,476) decreased substantially following the introduction of diagnostic stewardship with test criteria from FY2017 to FY2018.

Conclusions:

Initiatives to decrease risk for CDI and diagnostic stewardship of C. difficile stool NAAT significantly reduced HO-HCFA CDI rates, detection of potential false-positives associated with laxative use, and lowered healthcare costs. Diagnostic stewardship itself had the most dramatic impact on outcomes observed and served as an effective tool in reducing HO-HCFA CDI rates.
Host discrimination in the fruit fly parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata: evidence from virgin female behaviour and egg distribution patterns
Authors: Devescovi Francisco , Bachmann Guillermo E. , Nussenbaum Ana L. , Viscarret Mariana M. , Cladera Jorge L. , Segura Diego F.
Published: September 2020

Many parasitoid species discriminate already parasitized hosts, thus avoiding larval competition. However, females incur in superparasitism under certain circumstances. Superparasitism is commonly observed in the artificial rearing of the parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata, yet host discrimination has been previously suggested in this species. Here, we addressed host discrimination in virgin D. longicaudata females in a comprehensive way by means of direct and indirect methods, using Ceratitis capitata and Anastrepha fraterculus which are major fruit fly pests in South America. Direct methods relied on the description of the foraging behaviour of females in arenas with parasitized and non-parasitized host larvae. In the indirect methods, healthy larvae were offered to single females and the egg distributions were compared to a random distribution. We found that D. longicaudata was able to recognize parasitized host from both host species, taking 24 h since a first parasitization for A. fraterculus and 48 h for C. capitata. Indirect methods showed females with different behaviours for both host species: complete discrimination, non-random (with superparasitism), and random distributions. A larger percentage of females reared and tested on A. fraterculus incurred in superparasitism, probably associated with higher fecundity. In sum, we found strong evidence of host discrimination in D. longicaudata, detecting behavioural variability associated with the host species, the time since the first parasitization and the fecundity of the females.
RECONCILING INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LAW AND EUROPEAN UNION LAW IN THE WAKE OF ACHMEA
Authors: Restrepo Amariles David , Farhadi Amir Ardelan , Van Waeyenberge Arnaud
Published: September 2020

The decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Slovak Republic v Achmea dealt a major blow to the predictability of the legal regime for the protection of foreign investments, whilst failing to offer a realistic, clear and sustainable solution for the protection of investments within the European single market. Commentators have mainly considered its implications from the perspective of the European Union or International Investment Law, and the potential conflict of regimes. This article offers a different approach, arguing that a reading of Achmea based on a moderate version of legal pluralism could adequately respond to the legitimate concerns about the case from both international and European legal perspectives. It is argued that the imprecision of the decision is in fact constructive ambiguity, allowing a sufficient margin of appreciation for all stakeholders and avoiding direct confrontation between the European and international legal orders. Recent developments, such as the innovative EU agreement for the termination of intra-EU BITs, point to new opportunities for ordering pluralism in the Achmea saga.
Paratectonatica tigrina (Gastropoda: Naticidae) adjusts its predation tactics depending on the chosen prey and their shell weight relative to its own
Authors: Takeshita Fumio , Maekawa Takumi
Published: September 2020

Paratectonatica tigrina employs three predatory tactics against bivalve prey: wall-drilling, edge-drilling and non-drilling (suffocation) tactics. In this study, we conducted laboratory experiments to examine the predator–prey interactions between the naticid gastropod P. tigrina and two species of bivalve prey, Ruditapes philippinarum and Meretrix lusoria, and to investigate how predatory tactics differ for the bivalve species. Predation success increased with the shell weight ratio between predator and prey, however, there was no significant difference among prey species. The shell weight ratio significantly differed (P < 0.05) between predatory tactics against R. philippinarum, but not against M. lusoria, implying that P. tigrina determines its predatory tactics based on the shell weight ratio for R. philippinarum. However, we observed that feeding duration was not influenced by shell weight ratio or prey species, even though data were separated for each predatory tactic. These results suggest that there is no difference in feeding efficiency based on shell weight ratio between prey species and between predatory tactics. Paratectonatica tigrina may alter its predatory tactics suitably depending on the prey species and the relative size difference, despite the same feeding efficiency.
RECOVERY OF ZEROTH ORDER COEFFICIENTS IN NON-LINEAR WAVE EQUATIONS
Authors: Feizmohammadi Ali , Oksanen Lauri
Published: September 2020

This paper is concerned with the resolution of an inverse problem related to the recovery of a function $V$ from the source to solution map of the semi-linear equation $(\Box _{g}+V)u+u^{3}=0$ on a globally hyperbolic Lorentzian manifold $({\mathcal{M}},g)$. We first study the simpler model problem, where $({\mathcal{M}},g)$ is the Minkowski space, and prove the unique recovery of $V$ through the use of geometric optics and a three-fold wave interaction arising from the cubic non-linearity. Subsequently, the result is generalized to globally hyperbolic Lorentzian manifolds by using Gaussian beams.
Role of cover crops and nicosulfuron dosage on weed control and productivity in corn crop
Authors: Zandvakili Omid R. , Hashemi Masoud , Chaichi Mohammad R. , Barker Allen V. , Keshavarz Afshar Reza , Mashhadi Hamid R. , Oveysi Mostafa , Sabet Maryam
Published: September 2020

A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of the University of Tehran to evaluate the effect of cover crops and herbicide (nicosulfuron) dosage on corn (Zea maysL.) productivity. Cover crops suppressed weed biomass and density during the fallow period; however, there was no significant effect on weed biomass or weed density in the subsequent corn crop. A mixture of cereal rye (Secale cerealeL.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosaRoth.) was the most weed-suppressive cover in the fallow period. Nicosulfuron applied at different amounts suppressed weed biomass and density in corn when compared with weedy plots. Application of 40 g ai ha−1of nicosulfuron was as effective on weed control as the recommended application. Cover crops did not affect corn growth; however, corn yield improved with herbicide application.
Coastal Bluff Evolution in Response to a Rapid Rise in Surface Water Level
Authors: Krueger Russell , Zoet Lucas K. , Rawling J. Elmo
Published: September 2020

The water level in Lake Michigan began rising in 2013. Historically, erosion of the bluffs along the shoreline increases when water levels rise and remain high, beginning at the toe and propagating upslope, potentially damaging infrastructure near the crest. Bluff retreat is well understood over decadal scales; however, transient perturbations of force instabilities from toe to crest during disequilibrium are difficult to document. This instability for three bluffs, distinguished by height, was investigated using Scoops3D, a three‐dimensional limit equilibrium stability model. For each study site, high‐resolution (10 cm) elevation models were created using Structure from Motion from photographs collected by small unmanned aerial vehicle (sUAV), and steady state groundwater models were developed using MODFLOW. These were used as inputs for Scoops3D along with physical properties of the sediment reported in the literature. Photographs from all sites and a repeat sUAV flight at one site verified the model results. Slope angle and relative strength of the sediment are the most significant factors controlling stability, while pore water pressure below the water table acts as a destabilizing agent. At the time of the analysis, unstable surfaces had propagated to the top of the shortest bluffs while the propagation was still working upslope in the tallest bluffs. Unstable surfaces progressed up the bluff faces at an average rate of ~4.4 m/year, indicating the tallest bluff faces will not experience crest recession for a minimum of a decade following stabilization of the toe after water levels stabilize or begin to fall.
Magnetohydrodynamic With Embedded Particle‐In‐Cell Simulation of the Geospace Environment Modeling Dayside Kinetic Processes Challenge Event
Authors: Chen Yuxi , Tóth Gábor , Hietala Heli , Vines Sarah K. , Zou Ying , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Silveira Marcos V. D. , Guo Zhifang , Lin Yu , Markidis Stefano
Published: September 2020

We use the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) with embedded particle‐in‐cell model (MHD‐EPIC) to study the Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) dayside kinetic processes challenge event at 01:50–03:00 UT on 18 November 2015, when the magnetosphere was driven by a steady southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). In the MHD‐EPIC simulation, the dayside magnetopause is covered by a PIC code so that the dayside reconnection is properly handled. We compare the magnetic fields and the plasma profiles of the magnetopause crossing with the MMS3 spacecraft observations. Most variables match the observations well in the magnetosphere, in the magnetosheath, and also during the current sheet crossing. The MHD‐EPIC simulation produces flux ropes, and we demonstrate that some magnetic field and plasma features observed by the MMS3 spacecraft can be reproduced by a flux rope crossing event. We use an algorithm to automatically identify the reconnection sites from the simulation results. It turns out that there are usually multiple X‐lines at the magnetopause. By tracing the locations of the X‐lines, we find that the typical moving speed of the X‐line endpoints is about 70 km/s, which is higher than but still comparable with the ground‐based observations.
A Global Data Set of Present‐Day Oceanic Crustal Age and Seafloor Spreading Parameters
Authors: Seton Maria , Müller R. Dietmar , Zahirovic Sabin , Williams Simon , Wright Nicky M. , Cannon John , Whittaker Joanne M. , Matthews Kara J. , McGirr Rebecca
Published: September 2020

We present an updated oceanic crustal age grid and a set of complementary grids including spreading rate, asymmetry, direction, and obliquity. Our data set is based on a selected set of magnetic anomaly identifications and the plate tectonic model of Müller et al. (2019, 10.1029/2018TC005462). We find the mean age of oceanic crust is 64.2 Myr, slightly older than previous estimates, mainly due to the inclusion of pockets of Mesozoic aged crust in the Atlantic and Mediterranean and improvements to the Jurassic Pacific triangle. This older crust is partly compensated by additional Cenozoic‐aged back‐arc basin crust not included in previous models. The distribution of spreading modes based on area of preserved crust is relatively equal between slow (20–55 mm/yr) and fast (75–180 mm/yr) spreading systems at 33% and 39%, respectively. Crust transitional between fast and slow, or intermediate systems (55–75 mm/yr), cover 20% of the preserved ocean floor with much smaller proportions of crust formed at ultraslow (5%) and super‐fast (3%) spreading systems. Slow and intermediate spreading systems exhibit the most stable behavior in terms of spreading asymmetry and obliquity, with the widest distribution of obliquities occurring at ultraslow spreading systems, consistent with present‐day observations. Our confidence grid provides a complementary resource for nonexperts to identify those parts of the age grid that are least well constrained. Our grids in 6, 2, and 1 arc min resolution as well as our python workflow, isopolate, used to compute our data sets are freely available in online repositories and on the GPlates data portal.
Lower Crustal Rheology Controls the Development of Large Offset Strike‐Slip Faults During the Himalayan‐Tibetan Orogeny
Authors: Yang Jianfeng , Kaus Boris J. P. , Li Yang , Leloup Philippe Hervé , Popov Anton A. , Lu Gang , Wang Kun , Zhao Liang
Published: September 2020

The mechanism of crustal deformation and the development of large offset strike‐slip faults during continental collision, such as the India‐Eurasia zone, remains poorly understood. Previous mechanical models were simplified which are either (quasi‐)2‐D approximations or made the a priori assumption that the rheology of the lithosphere was either purely viscous (distributed deformation) or purely localized. Here we present three‐dimensional visco‐elasto‐plastic thermo‐mechanical simulations, which can produce both distributed and highly localized deformation, to investigate crustal deformation during continental indentation. Our results show that large‐scale shear zones develop as a result of frictional plasticity, which have many similarities with observed shear zones. Yet localized deformation requires both a strong upper crust (>1022 Pa·s) and a moderately weak middle/lower crust (~1020 Pa·s) in Tibet. The brittle shear zones in our models develop low viscosity zones directly beneath them, consistent with geological observations of exhumed faults, and geophysical observations across active faults.
Suppression of CO2 Outgassing by Gas Bubbles Under a Hurricane
Authors: Liang Jun‐Hong , D'Asaro Eric A. , McNeil Craig L. , Fan Yalin , Harcourt Ramsey R. , Emerson Steven R. , Yang Bo , Sullivan Peter P.
Published: September 2020

The role of gas bubbles on the air‐sea CO2 flux during Hurricane Frances (2004) is studied using a large‐eddy simulation model that couples ocean surface boundary layer turbulence, gas bubbles, and dissolved gases. In the subtropical surface ocean where gases are slightly supersaturated, gases in bubbles can still dissolve due to hydrostatic pressure and surface tension exerted on bubbles. Under the simulated conditions, the CO2 efflux with an explicit bubble effect is less than 2% of that calculated using a gas flux formula without explicit inclusion of bubble effect. The use of a gas flux parameterization without bubble‐induced supersaturation contributes to uncertainty in the global carbon budget. The results highlight the importance of bubbles under high winds even for soluble gases such as CO2 and demonstrate that gas flux parameterization derived from gases of certain solubility may not be accurate for gases of very different solubility.
Observation of the Large‐Amplitude and Fast‐Damped Plasma Sheet Flapping Triggered by Reconnection‐Induced Ballooning Instability
Authors: Zhang Y. C. , Dai L. , Rong Z. J. , Wang C. , Rème H. , Dandouras I. , Carr C. M. , Escoubet C. P.
Published: September 2020

In this study, we reported the large‐amplitude and fast‐damped flapping of the plasma sheet, which co‐occurred with magnetic reconnection. Data from the Double Star TC‐1 and Cluster satellites were used to analyze the features of the plasma sheet flapping 1.4 RE earthward of an ongoing magnetic reconnection event. The flapping was rapidly damped, and its amplitude decreased from the magnetohydrodynamics scale to the subion scale in 5 min. The variation in the flapping period (from 224 to 20 s) indicated that the source of the flapping had highly dynamic temporal characteristics. The plasma sheet flapping propagated duskward through a kink‐like wave with a velocity of 100 km/s, which was in agreement with the group velocity of the ballooning perturbation. A correlation analysis between the magnetic reconnection and plasma sheet flapping indicated that the magnetic reconnection likely facilitated the occurrence of ballooning instability by altering the state of plasma in the downstream plasma sheet. In this regard, the reconnection‐induced ballooning instability could be a potential mechanism to generate the flapping motion of the plasma sheet.
Adaptive Beamforming and Power Allocation for mmWave Communication in High‐Speed Railway
Authors: Zhang Qingmiao , Zhao Junhui , Chen Anyun , Wang Chuanyun
Published: September 2020

Millimeter wave (mmWave)‐based massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) beamforming technology is one of the key technologies in the fifth‐generation (5G) network. In this paper, we apply mmWave to high‐speed railway (HSR) communication scenario to meet its increasingly growing demands for tremendous data rate and reliable mobile services. The HSR mmWave communication system uses a control/user (C/U) plane separation structure; that is, control information and user information are transmitted through the high‐frequency micro base station (BS) and the low‐frequency macro BS, respectively. Then, an optimized beam width and power allocation scheme is proposed, which is combined with the mobile relay (MR) technology to utilize the architecture of the large‐scale antenna beamforming. In the proposed scheme, we introduce a power factor related to the change of train speed. According to the power factor, the service beam width is adjusted dynamically and the transmit power of the beams from two simultaneously served mmWave access points (APs) is jointly calculated. Simulation results show that, compared with the traditional uniform beam width scheme, the proposed adaptive beam width and power allocation scheme can maximize the total service volume within the maximum transmit power range.
Variation on Solar Wind Parameters and Total Electron Content Over Middle‐ to Low‐Latitude Regions During Intense Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Mishra Roshan Kumar , Adhikari Binod , Chapagain Narayan Prasad , Baral Rabin , Das Priyanka Kumari , Klausner Virginia , Sharma Manisha
Published: September 2020

Streams of the particle ejected from the Sun and the extreme space weather conditions like storms, high‐speed streamers (HSSs), interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), corotating interaction regions (CIRs), and interplanetary shocks (IS) termed as geomagnetic storms have massive influence in the climate and components of the Earth's upper atmosphere such as total electron content (TEC). The study of TEC helps to understand variations in ionospheric electron density during geomagnetic storms. Global ionospheric maps of TEC are a real‐time mapping of GPS observations produced by ground‐based stations. In this paper, we have analyzed three intense geomagnetic storms of the year 2015: during 16–21 March 2015 (the St. Patrick's Day storm), 21–24 June 2015, and 18–22 December 2015. We present the variations of IMF‐Bz, solar wind parameters (Vsw, Nsw, and Psw), and geomagnetic indices (AE and SYM‐H) and the variations of vertical total electron content (VTEC) using simultaneous VTEC data from 12 GPS‐TEC stations over the Indian, Australian, Brazilian, and South African regions. We describe contrast in TEC throughout the globe using global ionospheric maps at a regular 2 hr interval of UT during the three intense geomagnetic storms. Moreover, we observed that heavily TEC‐influenced areas were found to be transposing through the equatorial plane starting from eastern sectors to the western sectors. The Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and South Pacific Ocean sectors were affected flowingly. Global ionospheric maps evince that Indian and Brazilian sectors were affected heavily explaining the traveling ionospheric disturbances (TID) and equatorial anomaly as seen in those areas. The equatorial and low‐latitude regions have been mainly affected by geomagnetic storms. All these results suggested that the acute disruption of global winds (surging toward the equator from higher latitudes) and electric fields commenced from magnetosphere‐ionosphere interaction causing the severe modification in the equatorial, low‐latitude region. We also checked the cross correlation of VTEC of LCK3 station and various other stations during the period of high solar and geomagnetic activities; the correlation gradually increased with the nearby stations by latitudes in most of the cases which was another intriguing result. Thus, these results suggested that the storms were affected globally, which is why we believe that variation of TEC over various stations of the globe could turn out to be very helpful in predicting solar wind coupling with the magnetosphere‐ionosphere.
miR-34c-3p targets CDK1 a synthetic lethality partner of KRAS in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Palma Francesco , Affinito Alessandra , Nuzzo Silvia , Roscigno Giuseppina , Scognamiglio Iolanda , Ingenito Francesco , Martinez Lola , Franzese Monica , Zanfardino Mario , Soricelli Andrea , Fiorelli Alfonso , Condorelli Gerolama , Quintavalle Cristina
Published: September 2020

Lung cancer is still the leading cause of death by cancer worldwide despite advances both in its detection and therapy. Multiple oncogenic driver alterations have been discovered, opening the prospective for new potential therapeutic targets. Among them, KRAS mutations represent the most frequent oncogene aberrations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with a negative prognostic impact, but effective therapies targeting KRAS are not well characterized yet. Here, we demonstrate that the microRNA miR-34c-3p is a positive prognostic factor in KRAS-mutated NSCLC patients. Firstly, looking at the TGCA dataset, we found that high miR-34c-3p expression correlated with longer survival of KRAS-mutated NSCLC patients. In vitro assays on immortalized and patient-derived primary NSCLC cells revealed that miR-34c-3p overexpression increased apoptosis and lowered proliferation rate in KRASmut cells. Computational analysis and in vitro assays identified CDK1, one of the most promising lethal targets for KRAS-mutant cancer, as a target of miR-34c-3p. Moreover, the combination of CDK1 inhibition (mediated by RO3306) and miR-34c-3p overexpression resulted in an additive effect on the viability of KRASmut-expressing cells. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that miR-34c-3p is a novel biomarker that may allow tailored treatment for KRAS-mutated NSCLC patients.
Disentangling source of moisture driving glacier dynamics and identification of 8.2 ka event: evidence from pore water isotopes, Western Himalaya
Authors: Kumar Om , Ramanathan A. L. , Bakke Jostein , Kotlia B. S. , Shrivastava J. P.
Published: September 2020

Two atmospheric circulation patterns, the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) and mid-latitude Westerlies control precipitation and thus glacier variability in the Himalaya. However, the role of the ISM and westerlies in controlling climate and thus past glacier variability in the Himalaya is poorly understood because of the paucity of the ice core records. In this article, we present a new Holocene paleorecord disentangling the presence of the ISM and mid-latitude westerlies and their effect on glacier fluctuations during the Holocene. Our new record is based on high-resolution multi-proxy analyses (δ18Oporewater, deuterium-excess, grain size analysis, permeability, and environmental magnetism) of lake sediments retrieved from Chandratal Lake, Western Himalaya. Our study provides new evidence that improves the current understanding of the forcing factor behind glacier advances and retreat in the Western Himalaya and identifies the 8.2 ka cold event using the aforementioned proxies. The results indicate that the ISM dominated precipitation ~ 21% of the time, whereas the mid-latitude westerlies dominated precipitation ~ 79% of the time during the last 11 ka cal BP. This is the first study that portrays the moisture sources by using the above proxies from the Himalayan region as an alternative of ice core records.
Discovery of deep-water coral frameworks in the northern Red Sea waters of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Qurban Mohammad A. , Krishnakumar Periyadan K. , Joydas Thadickal V. , Manikandan Karuppasamy P. , Ashraf T. T. M. , Sampath Goutham , Thiyagarajan Duraisamy , He Song , Cairns Stephen D.
Published: September 2020

This paper reports a deep-water coral framework (a single colonial bush or a larger bioconstruction of coral covering the sea bottom), formed entirely by the scleractinian coral Eguchipsammia fistula (Alcock, 1902) (Dendrophylliidae), in the northern Red Sea waters of Saudi Arabia at a depth of about 640 m. The framework consists of mostly live corals with a total area of about 10 m2 and the length of the individual coral branches range from 12 to 30 cm. Although E. fistula is ubiquitous, this discovery is the second record of a framework formed by this species and the first discovery of a large living reef in the Red Sea. The results of the genetic study indicate the potential existence of a genetic variation of E. fistula in the Red Sea. This discovery implies that the Red Sea has favorable habitats for framework-forming DWC species and highlights the need for conducting more systematic surveys for understanding their distribution, abundance, and ecology.
Effects of straw mulching practices on soil nematode communities under walnut plantation
Authors: Song Dagang , Tariq Akash , Pan Kaiwen , Chen Wenkai , Zhang Aiping , Sun Xiaoming , Ran Yi , Zeng Fanjiang
Published: September 2020

Agricultural management techniques such as mulching with crop straw can impact soil properties and may in turn change the structure and function of the soil food web. We investigated different straw mulching types and straw mulching coverage levels on soil nematodes community structure in walnut orchards. We set up a randomized experimental design with three straw mulch types, and three straw mulch distance treatments in a walnut plantation. The results indicated that the number of soil nematodes after straw mulching was lower than that found in the control (CK). However, the metabolic and structure footprints of the omnivore-predator nematodes showed higher values as compared to CK. The abundances of plant parasite and omnivore-predator nematodes were negatively correlated with ammonium nitrogen (NH4+–N) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), whereas soil moisture content (SM) had a negative correlation with the abundance of total nematodes. High structure index (SI), maturity index (MI) and low enrichment index (EI) values revealed a structured soil food web, medium soil enrichment, and fungal decomposition channel under themix strawmulching treatments. Soil nematodes should be used as an indicator of soil functional changes resulting from straw mulching.
Integrated on-site collection and detection of airborne microparticles for smartphone-based micro-climate quality control
Authors: Ryu Byunghoon , Chen Jay , Kurabayashi Katsuo , Liang Xiaogan , Park Younggeun
Published: September 2020

The rapid emergence of air-mediated diseases in a micro-climate demands on-site monitoring of airborne microparticles.
Geometric and electronic structure analysis of calcium water complexes with one and two solvation shells
Authors: Ariyarathna Isuru R. , Miliordos Evangelos
Published: September 2020

The stability of calcium water complexes is investigated quantum mechanically. Ground and excited electronic states are studied for hexa-, octa-, and octakaideca-coordinated complexes, where calcium valence electrons move to outer diffuse orbitals.
Ligand electronic fine-tuning and its repercussion on the photocatalytic activity and mechanistic pathways of the copper-photocatalysed aza-Henry reaction
Authors: Li Chenfei , Dickson Robert , Rockstroh Nils , Rabeah Jabor , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Hünemörder Paul , Spannenberg Anke , Bühl Michael , Mejía Esteban , Zysman-Colman Eli , Kamer Paul C. J.
Published: September 2020

Subtle electronic ligand effects have a strong impact on the mechanistic pathway of a photocatalytic coupling reaction.
Palladium nanoparticles supported on nanosheet-like graphitic carbon nitride for catalytic transfer hydrogenation reaction
Authors: Chou Yan-Jhu , Ku Hao-Chuan , Chien Cheng-Chi , Hu Chechia , Yu Wen-Yueh
Published: September 2020

Pd/g-C3N4 catalysts with well-dispersed, electron-enriched Pd nanoparticles immobilized on pyridinic N atoms of g-C3N4 are active for catalytic transfer hydrogenation under ambient conditions.
Metal–organic frameworks as acid- and/or base-functionalized catalysts for tandem reactions
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Huang Chao , Mi Liwei
Published: September 2020

In this article, we have reviewed the development of MOFs anchored with acidic and/or basic sites as heterogeneous catalysts for tandem/cascade (domino) reactions over the past five years.
Beyond the concentrated electrolyte: further depleting solvent molecules within a Li+ solvation sheath to stabilize high-energy-density lithium metal batteries
Authors: Chang Zhi , Qiao Yu , Yang Huijun , Deng Han , Zhu Xingyu , He Ping , Zhou Haoshen
Published: September 2020

Regulated by MOF pore sizes, we have developed a unique electrolyte after partially depleting the solvent molecules within a Li+ solvation sheath.
Achieving absolute sustainability across integrated industrial networks – a case study on the ammonia process
Authors: Samaroo Nicholas , Koylass Natalia , Guo Miao , Ward Keeran
Published: September 2020

Achieving greater sustainable operations through active deployment of decarbonization and diversification strategies utilizing industrial symbiosis.
High-throughput underwater elemental analysis by μJ-laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy at kHz repetition rates: part I, ultrasound-enhanced optical emission spectroscopy towards application perspectives
Authors: Xue Boyang , You Yi , Gornushkin Igor , Zheng Ronger , Riedel Jens
Published: September 2020

Ultrasound-assisted uJ-laser-indcued underwater plasma at kHz repetition rates.
The direct C3 chalcogenylation of indolines using a graphene-oxide-promoted and visible-light-induced synergistic effect
Authors: Liu Chunping , Peng Xiangjun , Hu Dan , Shi Feng , Huang Panpan , Luo Juanjuan , Liu Qian , Liu Liangxian
Published: September 2020

A green methodology for the construction of carbon–chalcogen (S and Se) bonds via a GO-promoted and metal-free light-induced synergistic effect is demonstrated.
Surfactant and alcohol induced disaggregation of perylene probes and a novel sensing strategy for distinguishing the brand and authenticity of makeup removers
Authors: Hou Jiaze , Li Yongxin , Zhou Huipeng , Zhang Ling , Huang Hui , Nawaz Muhammad Azhar Hayat , Yu Cong
Published: September 2020

A novel sensing strategy based on four perylene probes to distinguish the brand and authenticity of makeup removers.
Exploring the self-assembly of dumbbell-shaped polyoxometalate hybrids, from molecular building units to nanostructured soft materials
Authors: Centellas Mireia Segado , Piot Madeleine , Salles Raphaël , Proust Anna , Tortech Ludovic , Brouri Dalil , Hupin Sébastien , Abécassis Benjamin , Landy David , Bo Carles , Izzet Guillaume
Published: September 2020

The formation of hierarchical nanostructures using supramolecular dumbbell-like species made of organic–inorganic polyoxometalate-based hybrids is investigated by combination of SAXS and computational methods.
Structural evolution of disordered LiCo1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3PO4 in lithium batteries uncovered
Authors: Muñoz-García Ana Belen , Tirri Bernardino , Capone Isaac , Matic Aleksandar , Pavone Michele , Brutti Sergio
Published: September 2020

In this study we address the Li-ion de-insertion/insertion mechanisms from/into the lattice of the mixed olivine LiCo1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3PO4 (LCFMP).