bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining Intracellular Organelle Function Using Fluorescent Probes
Authors: Zorov Dmitry B. , Kobrinsky Evgeny , Juhaszova Magdalena , Sollott Steven J.
Published: August 2004

Fluorescence microscopy imaging has become one of the most useful techniques to assess the activity of individual cells, subcellular trafficking of signals to and between organelles, and to appreciate how organelle function is regulated. The past 2 decades have seen a tremendous advance in the rational design and development in the nature and selectivity of probes to serve as reporters of the intracellular environment in live cells. These probes range from small organic fluorescent molecules to fluorescent biomolecules and photoproteins ingeniously engineered to follow signaling traffic, sense ionic and nonionic second messengers, and report various kinase activities. These probes, together with recent advances in imaging technology, have enabled significantly enhanced spatial and temporal resolution. This review summarizes some of these developments and their applications to assess intracellular organelle function.
“You May Not Give It Away”: How Social Norms Shape Islamic Law in Contemporary Indonesian Jurisprudence
Authors: Bowen John
Published: August 2004

A recent Indonesian Islamic law compilation presents an apparent anomaly in restricting the right to give away wealth as hiba to one-third of an estate — whereas the trend in Indonesian law reform has been to bring Islamic law closer to local inheritance practices. By means of a narrative analysis of a recent court decision, I identify a discourse of justifying the new restrictions in terms of general religious and social norms of fairness and agreement among heirs. Examination of local debates over law and property in two Sumatran societies, Gayo and Minangkabau, suggests that hiba is regarded as an impediment to Islamization of social life, and as introducing elements of unfairness and discord. Thus the new rule can be explained as having been motivated by local social processes and social norms.
Sur la date de la création de l'alphabet grec
Authors:   Ruijgh
Published: August 2004

§1. Introduction. L'absence d'inscriptions retrouvées ne prouve pas l'absence de l'écriture. — §2. L'emploi primaire de l'alphabet grec était celui de la comptabilité. Le créateur était un Ionien d'Eubée. — §3. Les emplois secondaires de l'écriture alphabétique. — §4. Le choix du ḥet pour le h- grec prouve que lors de la création, le h- grec était encore une consonne relativement forte, c.-à-d. que la création date d'env. 1000. L'argumentation de Slings ne tient pas bon. — §5. Les valeurs grecques des lettres phéniciennes dans l'ordre de l'abécédaire. — §6. Les lettres additionnelles. La suppression de lettres devenues surperflues. — §7. La forme originelle du σάν < *tsan. L'emploi du σαμ(Πει) en Ionie et en Pamphylie. — §8. Les arguments décisifs contre l'hypothèse de Slings, qui voit dans le σαμ(Πει) une lettre additionnelle. — §9. La suppression du σαμ(Πει) dans l'abécédaire de Milet, la création du système numéral milésien vers 700 et l'abécédaire de Samos. — §10. L'emploi du fαυ dans le monde ionien-attique de l'époque archaïque. Les noms δίγαμμα et σαμΠει. — §11. L'emploi du σάν pour exprimer s dans les régions de la Crète et de Corinthe. L'emploi ultérieur du nom σάν. — §12. L'emploi crétois et achaïen du ζητα pour -ts- conservé à l'époque archaïque. — §13. L'emploi du σάν pour ts- < kw- (devant voyelle palatale) en Arcadie. — §14. Récapitulation: la date env. 1000 de la création de l'alphabet grec, à laquelle invite le choix du ḥet pour le h- grec, permet une explication cohérente des divers emplois locaux du *tsan > σάν. — §15. Le h- faible de l'eubéen du VIIIe s. (coupe de Pithécuses). L'emploi naxien de la graphie -hs- pour l'aboutissement de -khs-. — §16. La genèse de l'ionien épique d'Homère: ionien oriental avec un vernis eubéen. — §17. L'histoire de s initial et intervocalique en proto-grec; la création de la géminée ss pour s+s en grec septentrional. — §18. La première vague de changements: ts > s, ty > s, ti > si; la différenciation dialectale. — §19. La seconde vague de changements: ty > ts, dy > dz, tw > ts. Les changements ultérieurs du Ier millénaire. — §20. Conclusion.
Increased contractile responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine and Angiotensin II in high fat diet fed rat thoracic aorta
Authors: Ghatta Srinivas , Ramarao Poduri
Published: August 2004

Background

Feeding normal rats with high dietary levels of saturated fat leads to pathological conditions, which are quite similar to syndrome X in humans. These conditions such as hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and hyperglycemia might induce hypertension through various mechanisms. Metabolic syndrome and the resulting NIDDM represent a major clinical challenge because implementation of treatment strategies is difficult. Vascular abnormalities probably contribute to the etiology of many diabetic complications including nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiomyopathy. It has been shown that in Streptozotocin induced diabetic animals there is an increase in maximal responses to 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Angiotensin II. The purpose of this study was to evaluate High fat diet fed rats for the development of hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia and to assess their vascular responses to 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Angiotensin II.

Methods

Male Sprague Dawley rats were used for this study and were divided into two equal groups. One of the groups was fed with normal pellet diet and they served as the control group, whereas the other group was on a high fat diet for 4 weeks. Body weight, plasma triglycerides, plasma cholesterol, and plasma glucose were measured every week. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed after 4 weeks of feeding. At the end of fourth week of high fat diet feeding, thoracic aortae were removed, and cut into helical strips for vascular reactivity studies. Dose-response curves of 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Angiotensin II were obtained.

Results

There was no significant difference in pD2, with 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Angiotensin II in both groups but Emax was increased.

Conclusions

These results suggest that hypertension in high fat diet rats is associated with increased in vitro vascular reactivity to 5-HT and Ang II.
Estimating age conditional probability of developing disease from surveillance data
Authors: Fay Michael P
Published: August 2004

Fay, Pfeiffer, Cronin, Le, and Feuer (Statistics in Medicine 2003; 22; 1837–1848) developed a formula to calculate the age-conditional probability of developing a disease for the first time (ACPDvD) for a hypothetical cohort. The novelty of the formula of Fay et al (2003) is that one need not know the rates of first incidence of disease per person-years alive and disease-free, but may input the rates of first incidence per person-years alive only. Similarly the formula uses rates of death from disease and death from other causes per person-years alive. The rates per person-years alive are much easier to estimate than per person-years alive and disease-free. Fay et al (2003) used simple piecewise constant models for all three rate functions which have constant rates within each age group. In this paper, we detail a method for estimating rate functions which does not have jumps at the beginning of age groupings, and need not be constant within age groupings. We call this method the mid-age group joinpoint (MAJ) model for the rates. The drawback of the MAJ model is that numerical integration must be used to estimate the resulting ACPDvD. To increase computational speed, we offer a piecewise approximation to the MAJ model, which we call the piecewise mid-age group joinpoint (PMAJ) model. The PMAJ model for the rates input into the formula for ACPDvD described in Fay et al (2003) is the current method used in the freely available DevCan software made available by the National Cancer Institute.
Prozessidentifikations-basierter Entwurf beobachtergestützter Fehlerdetektionssysteme (System Identification Aided Design of Observer-based Fault Detection Systems)
Authors: Ding Steven X. , Zhang Ping , Heyden Dirk , Huang Biao , Ding Eve L.
Published: July 2004

Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit der beobachtergestützten Fehlerentdeckung. Es wird ein Verfahren vorgestellt, das es ermöglicht, einen beobachtergestützten Residuengenerator direkt aus Prozessmess- oder Testdaten zu entwerfen. Die Grundidee dieses Verfahrens besteht darin, die Identifikation eines auf Fehlerdetektion gerichteten Prozessmodells in den Entwurf des beobachtergestützten Residuengenerators zu integrieren.
Maschinenintegrierte Ultrapräzisionsmessung optischer Funktionsflächen (Machine-integrated Ultra Precision Measurement of Functional Optical Surfaces)
Authors: Dörner Dirk , Schneefuß Karsten
Published: July 2004

Die Qualitätsprüfung von optischen Bauteilen, Werkzeugformen für Spritzguss- oder Blankpressprozesse oder mikrostrukturierten Oberflächen wird derzeit meist in Stichproben unter Laborbedingungen fernab des Produktionsprozesses durchgeführt. Eine Nacharbeit oder örtlich begrenzte Korrekturen zur Optimierung der Produkte gestalten sich schwierig, weil das Bauteil erneut der Bearbeitung zugeführt werden muss. Dabei ist die genaue Rekonstruktion von Ort und Lage der messtechnisch bestimmten Abweichungen mit den geforderten Genauigkeiten in der Maschine meistens nicht möglich. Daher werden am Fraunhofer IPT ultrapräzise Messverfahren direkt in die Bearbeitungsmaschine integriert.
Neues optoelektronisches Inkrementalsystem zur Anwendung bei Magnetlagern (New Opto-electronic Incremental System for Implementation in Magnetic Bearings)
Authors: Molitor Martin , Stockmann Veit
Published: July 2004

Für den Einsatz im Maschinenbau wurde ein magnetschwebetechnisches Fertigungssystem auf der Basis des TransRapid entwickelt. Durch das Freischweben des Rotors im Raum sind berührend arbeitende Messeinrichtungen für die hochgenaue Drehwinkelerfassung nicht verwendbar. Da alle Bewegungsgrade frei sind, konnte nur ein berührungsloses Messsystem zum Einsatz kommen. Dieses System muss ein erhebliches Spiel der Apparatur über den Luftspalt hinweg mit einbeziehen und trotzdem genaue Werte liefern. Hierzu wurde eine neuartige Technik zum Bestimmen der Drehwinkelposition entwickelt. Es handelt sich hierbei um eine inkrementale Messeinrichtung mit Trapezen als Inkremente, die im Durchlichtverfahren abgetastet werden. Die praktischen Untersuchungen zu dem Messverfahren erfolgten auf zwei Arten. Zum einen wurde ein Laser-Scanner zum Nachweis der zu erzielenden Messunsicherheit benutzt. Zum anderen kam zur Simulation der erreichbaren Messgeschwindigkeit eine Matrixkamera zum Einsatz. Auf der Basis dieser Ergebnisse soll nun eine praktische Umsetzungsform zur Anwendung bei magnetgelagerten Baugruppen im Fertigungsmittelbau entwickelt werden.
Selbstausrichtender Messroboter für Sichtprüfaufgaben im Nahbereich (Self-Aligning Measuring Robot for Visual Close-Range Inspections)
Authors: Mönning Frank
Published: July 2004

Zur Prozessregelung und Qualitätssicherung werden insbesondere in der Karosseriefertigung in zunehmendem Maße robotergestützte Inline-Messsysteme eingesetzt. Mit diesen Anlagen ist die Realisierung neuer Prüfkonzepte wie der 100%-Prüfung möglich. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein System vorgestellt, mit dem robotergestützte Messprozesse effizienter programmiert werden können.
Al₂O₃‐Functionalized Carbon Nanomembranes with Enhanced Water Permeance and Selectivity for Efficient Air Dehumidification
Authors: Biedinger Jan , Yao Zhen , Wortmann Martin , Westphal Michael , Frese Natalie , Gehra Raphael , Brandt Niklas , Kaltschmidt Bernhard Peter , Hütten Andreas , Gölzhäuser Armin , Reiss Günter
Published: February 2025

Precise control of pore size and surface properties is crucial for effective and efficient membrane separation, yet it remains challenging with conventional polymer‐based membranes. In this study, this gap is addressed by integrating atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 with nanometer‐thin carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) to achieve ultra‐selective separation properties. Structural characterizations confirm uniform Al2O3 deposition and the preservation of the CNM structure. The ALD process allows for precise modulation of the nanopore structure. Despite the pore shrinkage upon ALD, the increased hydrophilicity offered by Al2O3 enhances water permeance, achieving an exceptionally high water vapor permeation rate of 1.9  ×  10−5 mol · s−1 · m−2 · Pa−1 and a water vapor/nitrogen selectivity higher than 1  ×  104, surpassing that of conventional polymer and graphene oxide‐based membranes. These results demonstrate the potential of Al2O3‐functionalized CNMs for advanced applications in gas separation and air dehumidification.
Intermediate Layer‐Assisted Trap Density Reduction in Low‐Power Optoelectronic Memristors for Multifunctional Systems
Authors: Lee Min Jong , Kim Tae Hyuk , Lee Sang Heon , Oh Seunghyun , Khan Muhammad Asghar , Lee Gyeong Min , Choi Young Kyun , Lee Soyeon , Ahn Hyungju , Oh Soong Ju , Yang Jiwoong , Shim Jae Won
Published: February 2025

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things demands low‐power devices that integrate memory, sensors, and logic functions. Perovskite materials show promise for low‐power optoelectronic memristors; however, challenges such as nonuniform trap distribution and uncontrolled filament formation hinder their resistive switching performance. To overcome these issues, a TiO2 nanofilm via atomic layer deposition as a base layer for filament formation, is introduced. This layer passivates interfacial defects by forming strong chemical interactions with Pb2+ and I− ions at the perovskite interface, significantly reducing trap densities (interface trap density decreases 15‐fold to 3.0  ×  1016 cm−3, and bulk trap density to 1.8  ×  1014 cm−3). Improved energy band alignment enables efficient electron transport, yielding a low‐V
SET (+0.24 V) and excellent low‐power (≈0.7 µW) nonvolatile memory performance. Additionally, the device reliably detects near‐infrared illumination as an optical input and enables reconfigurable image recognition using a 5 × 5 array under combined stimuli. It also facilitates the implementation of complex logic gates, such as AND, OR, and flip‐flops. This paper demonstrates the potential for integrating nonvolatile memory, sensing, and logic functionalities into a single low‐power device through the incorporation of a TiO2 nanolayer.
Enhanced Antigen Capture via Cholinephosphate‐Mediated Cell Membrane Interactions to Improve In Situ Tumor Vaccines
Authors: Song Ting , Cui Xin , Lin Jiansheng , Liu Zonghua , Huang Linghong , Xue Wei
Published: February 2025

Inadequate antigen capture and insufficient antigen‐presenting cell (APC) activity at tumor sites limit the effectiveness of in situ vaccines. To address this, poly(glutamic acid‐cholinephosphate) (pGluCP) is introduced as a polymer with cell membrane adhesion properties capable of capturing both water‐soluble and insoluble membrane antigens from necrotic tumor cells while recruiting more APCs. The approach uses manganese‐mineralized black phosphorus (MnBP) coated with pGluCP and αPD‐1 antibodies to create the MnBP@pGluCP‐αPD‐1 complex for in situ vaccines. MnBP eradicates tumor cells via photothermal effects, releasing antigens, while Mn2⁺ ions activate the intracellular STING pathway, acting as an adjuvant. pGluCP captures these antigens, forming pathogen‐mimicking micro‐nanoparticles, leading to an in situ vaccine (MnBP@pGluCP/antigens) that co‐localizes antigens and adjuvants. The αPD‐1 antibody alleviates tumor‐induced immune suppression, enhancing tumor cell‐specific killing. This study demonstrates the potential of leveraging cholinephosphate‐cell membrane interactions to improve antigen presentation efficiency, significantly bolstering the efficacy of in situ tumor vaccines and opening new avenues for advanced cancer immunotherapy.
Bioinspired Super‐Robust Conductive Hydrogels for Machine Learning‐Assisted Tactile Perception System
Authors: Xue Chao , Zhao Yanran , Liao Yuantai , Zhang Hongyu
Published: February 2025

Conductive hydrogels have attracted significant attention due to exceptional flexibility, electrochemical property, and biocompatibility. However, the low mechanical strength can compromise their stability under high stress, making the material susceptible to fracture in complex or harsh environments. Achieving a balance between conductivity and mechanical robustness remains a critical challenge. In this study, super‐robust conductive hydrogels were designed and developed with highly oriented structures and densified networks, by employing techniques such as stretch‐drying‐induced directional assembly, salting‐out, and ionic crosslinking. The hydrogels showed remarkable mechanical property (tensile strength: 17.13–142.1 MPa; toughness: 50 MJ m−3), high conductivity (30.1 S m−1), and reliable strain sensing performance. Additionally, it applied this hydrogel material to fabricate biomimetic electronic skin device, significantly improving signal quality and device stability. By integrating the device with 1D convolutional neural network algorithm, it further developed a real‐time material recognition system based on triboelectric and piezoresistive signal collection, achieving a classification accuracy of up to 99.79% across eight materials. This study predicted the potential of the high‐performance conductive hydrogels for various applications in flexible smart wearables, the Internet of Things, bioelectronics, and bionic robotics.
Supramolecular Engineering of Vinylene‐Linked Covalent Organic Framework – Ruthenium Oxide Hybrids for Highly Active Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis
Authors: Wang Kexin , Xu Shunqi , Wang Dashuai , Kou Zhenhui , Fu Yubin , Bielejewski Michał , Montes‐García Verónica , Han Bin , Ciesielski Artur , Hou Yang , Samorì Paolo
Published: February 2025

The controlled formation of a functional adlayer at the catalyst‐water interface is a highly challenging yet potentially powerful strategy to accelerate proton transfer and deprotonation for ultimately improving the performance of proton‐exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). In this study, the synthesis of robust vinylene‐linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) possessing high proton conductivities is reported, which are subsequently hybridized with ruthenium dioxide yielding high‐performance anodic catalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In situ spectroscopic measurements corroborated by theoretical calculations reveal that the assembled hydrogen bonds formed between COFs and adsorbed oxo‐intermediates effectively orient interfacial water molecules, stabilizing the transition states for intermediate formation of OER. This determines a decrease in the energy barriers of proton transfer and deprotonation, resulting in exceptional acidic OER performance. When integrated into a PEMWE device, the system achieves a record current density of 1.0 A cm−2 at only 1.54 V cell voltage, with a long‐term stability exceeding 180 h at industrial‐level 200 mA cm−2. The approach relying on the self‐assembly of an oriented hydrogen‐bonded adlayer highlights the disruptive potential of COFs with customizable structures and multifunctional sites for advancing PEMWE technologies.
Enabling Targeted Drug Delivery for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis with Mucosal‐Adhesive Photoreactive Hydrogel
Authors: Wu Wen , Zhang Jian , Qu Xiao , Chen Ting , Li Jinming , Yang Yongzhi , Chen Lifeng , Hoover Alex , Guo Fanying , Kong Cheng , Bao Bingkun , Lin Qiuning , Zhou Mengxin , Zhu Linyong , Wu Xiaoyang , Ma Yanlei
Published: February 2025

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. UC treatments are limited by significant adverse effects associated with non‐specific drug delivery, such as systematic inhibition of the host immune system. Endoscopic delivery of a synthetic hydrogel material with biocompatible gelation that can efficiently cover irregular tissue surfaces provides an effective approach for targeted drug delivery at the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. An ideal integration of synthetic material with intestinal epithelium entails an integrated and preferable chemically bonded interface between the hydrogel and mucosal surface. In this study, a photo‐triggered coupling reaction is leveraged as the crosslinking platform to develop a mucosal‐adhesive hydrogel, which is compatible with endoscope‐directed drug delivery for UC treatment. The results demonstrated superior spatiotemporal specificity and drug pharmacokinetics with this delivery system in vivo. Delivery of different drugs with the hydrogel leads to greatly enhanced therapeutic efficacy and significantly reduced systemic drug exposure with rat colitis models. The study presents a strategy for targeted and persistent drug delivery for UC treatment.
Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Tetrahydropyridines by Ring Opening of [3.3.1]‐Heterobicyclic Compounds with Grignard Reagents
Authors: Comparini Lucrezia Margherita , Turchi Giovanni , Sardelli Francesca , Favero Lucilla , Di Bussolo Valeria , Di Pietro Sebastiano , Pineschi Mauro
Published: February 2025

We herein report our study about the ring opening of 1,3‐diaza‐4‐oxa‐[3.3.1]‐nonene derivatives with organometallic reagents leveraging on their inherent ring strain and presence of reactive functionalities. The ring‐opening occurs with Grignard reagents at the carbon bearing the two nitrogen atoms affording unconventional functionalized trans‐2,3‐disubstituted 1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridines that are important structural frameworks due to their synthetic versatility and presence in bioactive molecules. The possibility to prepare enantioenriched tetrahydropyridines was also formally explored with success. A computational DFT study points to the formation of a transient iminium ion intermediate in which the coordination of magnesium to the oxygen of the carbonyl and the N−O endocyclic oxygen promotes the ring‐opening process at the gem‐diamine carbon atom.
Switchable Site‐Selectivite Direct Acetoxylation of Pyrazolones
Authors: Kittikool Tanakorn , Viriyanukul Tarm , Phakdeeyothin Kunita , Yotphan Sirilata
Published: February 2025

Site‐selective direct acetoxylation of pyrazolones was accomplished by utilizing an easy‐to‐handle (diacetoxyiodo)benzene (PIDA) as the sole acetoxylating reagent. In the presence of Pd(OAc)2 catalyst, the 4‐acetoxylated pyrazolone product was exclusively formed. Meanwhile, in the absence of Pd(OAc)2, the pyrazolone methyl acetate product was obtained over the Csp2−H bond functionalization. Both approaches have been successfully applied to various pyrazolone substrates, giving the corresponding products in moderate to high yields under mild conditions.
Intravenous Thrombolysis in Patients Taking Direct Oral Anticoagulation Treatment Before Stroke Onset: Results from the Safe Implementations of Treatments in Stroke International Stroke Registry
Authors: Matusevicius Marius , Säflund Malin , Balestrino Maurizio , Cappellari Manuel , Ferrandi Delfina , Ghoreishi Abdoreza , Peeters André , Rand Viiu‐Marika , De Michele Manuela , Vilionskis Aleksandras , Zini Andrea , Ahmed Niaz
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is contraindicated for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients taking direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) within 48 hours before index stroke. Limited data exist on off‐label use of IVT for these patients. We compared the safety and outcomes of IVT in AIS patients with DOAC treatment and patients with no OAC before index stroke.

Methods

We analyzed data from the Safe Implementations of Treatments in Stroke (SITS) International Stroke Thrombolysis Registry during 2013–2024. Outcomes were symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) by the SITS Monitoring Study and European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study II definitions, functional independency (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2), and death by 3 months. Propensity score matching with a nearest neighbor matching algorithm with a ratio of 1:2 was used for relevant clinical variables. We also analyzed the time from last DOAC dose to IVT treatment.

Results

A total of 1,311 DOAC and 129,384 no OAC patients were included. We matched 894 patients with DOAC to 1,788 with no OAC. The mean age was 75 years versus 76 years, and the median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 11 versus 12, respectively. Patients with DOAC had a similar proportion of outcomes compared with patients with no OAC: SICH per SITS Monitoring Study (1.1 vs 1.5%, p = 0.50), SICH per European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study II (4.0 vs 4.3%, p = 0.82), any parenchymal hematoma (6.3 vs 7.8, p = 0.22), and functional independency (47.9 vs 46.4%, p = 0.59) and death (25.1 vs 24.0%, p = 0.65) at 3‐month follow‐up. The time from last DOAC dose to IVT did not affect outcomes.

Interpretation

In this observational study, we did not find any difference in outcomes after IVT therapy in AIS patients with DOAC compared with no OAC treatment before index stroke. ANN NEUROL 2025
Fluor‐Fucosylierung ermöglicht die Untersuchung der Lea‐LecB‐Wechselwirkung durch BioNMR‐Spektroskopie
Authors: Siebold Kathrin , Chikunova Elena , Lorz Nils , Jordan Christina , Gossert Alvar D. , Gilmour Ryan
Published: February 2025

Fucosylierungsmuster von Zelloberflächenglykanen sind wesentliche Vermittler von Erkennungs‐ und Signalfunktionen. Abweichungen in diesen Mustern dienen als wichtige, diagnostische Marker für das Voranschreiten von Krankheiten, weshalb das Verständnis von Fucose‐Protein‐Interaktionen auf molekularer Ebene von entscheidender Bedeutung ist. Die molekulare Modifikation von l‐Fucose (Fuc) an C2 mit Fluor bietet eine Plattform, um die Ubiquität der Fucosylierung mit dem Mangel an Strategien zur Untersuchung ortsspezifischer Wechselwirkungen in Einklang zu bringen. Durch die gezielte Einführung eines pseudo‐äquatorialen Fluors [C(sp3)‐F] neben der anomeren Position kann eine β‐selektive Fucosylierung mit einer Reihe verschiedener Akzeptoren (>50 : 1) erreicht werden. Die Selektivität dieses Prozesses kann durch Änderungen am Donor umgekehrt werden. Die Entwicklung der Reaktion wurde durch den Wunsch initiiert, ein fluoriertes Analogon des Lewis‐Antigens a (F‐Lea) zu konstruieren, bei dem Fluor eine wichtige OH‐Gruppe an C2 ersetzt. Lea ist ein Ligand für Lektin B (LecB) im Krankheitserreger Pseudomonas aeruginosa, daher hat die Untersuchung von Schlüsselinteraktionen in diesem Komplex Auswirkungen auf die Arzneimittelentwicklung. Unabhängige Synthesen von Lea und F‐Lea und systematische BioNMR‐Analysen mit beiden Glykanen haben die wesentliche Rolle von O2 der Fucose gezeigt.
Extendable Synthesis of Organic Cations for In Situ Construction of Hybrid Metal Halides with Near‐Unity Photoluminescence and Strong Second Harmonic Generation
Authors: Han Wenqing , Cheng Puxin , Guan Junjie , Li Quanwen , Wang Yue , Wang Zhihua , Rasing Theo , Zheng Yongshen , Xu Jialiang , Bu Xian‐He
Published: February 2025

The A‐site organic components of organic–inorganic hybrid metal halides (OIHMHs) significantly impact their crystal structure and optoelectronic properties. However, chemical modification of A‐site cations has been mostly limited to commercial organic precursors, which restricts the structural variability of OIHMHs for optimal functionalities. Herein we have proposed an extendable synthesis approach to the direct procurability of various organic cations with desireable structures for the in situ construction of a library of OIHMH materials. The template condensation reaction between dimethyl sulfoxide and acetone derivatives yields A‐site organic cations with exquisite control of modularization and regioselectivity within the OIHMH crystallization system. The as‐fabricated OIHMHs demonstrated highly efficient linear optical photoluminescence or nonlinear optical second harmonic generation, promising potential applications in photonic devices. This in situ synthetic strategy offers a structural extension of OIHMHs and establishes a fundamental methodological platform for screening functional OIHMH materials.
Structured lipids from virgin coconut oil and omega‐3 fatty acids: Process optimization
Authors: Van Nguyen Lanh , Shahidi Fereidoon
Published: February 2025

Structured lipids (SLs) containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and DHA + EPA were synthesized via enzymatic acidolysis using virgin coconut oil (VCO) as the substrate in n‐hexane. Commercially available enzymes Lipozyme TL IM (produced from Thermomyces lanuginosus, a 1,3‐specific lipase), Lipozyme IM60 (produced from Rhizomucor miehei, a 1,3‐specific lipase), and non‐specific lipase from Candida rugosa (powder) were used as biocatalysts. The T. lanuginosus lipase was chosen to evaluate the effects of various parameters on the incorporation of PUFAs into VCO and to optimize the process. As the enzyme load increased from 1% to 4%, the incorporation of omega‐3 PUFAs also increased; however, it decreased when the enzyme load was further increased to 6%. The incorporation of these fatty acids increased with reaction time from 12 to 36 h but decreased at 48 h. Similarly, the incorporation increased with temperature from 35 to 45 °C, but decreased at 55 and 65 °C. The highest incorporation rates of DHA (18.91%), EPA (30.38%), and DHA + EPA (34.64%) were achieved at a mole ratio of 1:3 (VCO to DHA or EPA) or 1:3:3 (VCO to DHA + EPA), with a 4% enzyme load, 36 h incubation time, and a temperature of 45 °C. A central composite design (CCD) with three levels and three factors—reaction temperature (35, 45, and 55 °C), enzyme amount (2%, 4%, and 6%), and reaction time (24, 36, and 48 h)—was used to model and optimize the reaction conditions via response surface methodology (RSM). Under optimal conditions of 3.3% T. lanuginosus enzyme, 42.22 °C, and 33.38 h, the incorporation rates were 32.92% for DHA, 44.48% for EPA, and 47.04% for DHA + EPA in VCO.
Baby breaths: Honoring Kurt Albertine and his contributions to respiratory research in young mammals and to The Anatomical Record
Authors: Joss‐Moore Lisa A. , Yutzey Katherine E.
Published: February 2025

In January 2021, Kurt Albertine, PhD, stepped down as the Editor of The Anatomical Record after 15 years of dedicated service. As Editor‐In‐Chief, he oversaw incredible growth, expanded scope, and increased impact of the journal. At the same time, he directed an active research lab in neonatal pulmonary biology at the University of Utah, with an exceptional track record of mentoring students, fellows, clinicians, and junior faculty. This special issue of The Anatomical Record honors Kurt's contributions to the journal, as well as to the fields of respiratory anatomy, physiology, and neonatology. Several of the invited papers were contributed by Kurt's collaborators and former trainees who cover topics related to neonatal lamb development, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, postnatal lung pathology, respiratory physiology, and the relationship of anatomy to function. Additional papers relating to Kurt's passion for dinosaur anatomy and human embryonic anatomy based on the Kyoto Collection of Human Embryos and Fetuses. Kurt's tireless enthusiasm for the journal and devotion to the field are reflected in the papers in this special issue in his honor. His tenure at the journal was transformative and provided a foundation for continued growth and impact in anatomical sciences research from dinosaurs to clinical applications in humans. We celebrate Kurt's accomplishments and broader impact on anatomical sciences in this Special Issue of The Anatomical Record.
Core‐Only Calamitic Liquid Crystals: Molecular Design and Optoelectronic Properties
Authors: Rothera Jacob G. , Yu Jessica , AlNajm Karla , Butrus Rita , Ahangari‐Bashash Ethan , Watanabe Lara K. , Rawson Jeremy M. , Dmitrienko Anton , Vukotic V. Nicholas , Eichhorn S. Holger
Published: February 2025

Thermotropic liquid crystals are typically thought of as requiring a rigid core and flexible side‐chains to exhibit liquid crystallinity, but precedent does exist for retaining liquid crystalline nature without these side‐chains in highly conjugated, para‐substituted aromatic structures, albeit at relatively high temperatures (>300 °C). Hence, this work aims to establish molecular design criteria for promoting liquid crystallinity in heteroaromatic, fully conjugated, core‐only calamitic liquid crystals at sufficiently low phase transition temperatures. The synthesis and characterization of an extensive library of calamitic target structures (32) has been accomplished, where primarily enantiotropic smectic A and nematic phases were observed. Comparison of the mesomorphic properties between different cores and with different terminal functional groups was done and rationalization of the observed differences is attempted through single crystal and computational data. These all‐aromatic compounds also display strong fluorescence in solution and in the solid‐state that extends over most of the visible spectrum and displays quantum yields between 3 % and 95 %.
Chiroptical Properties of Chiral Macrocycles Composed of Axially Chiral Binaphthyl and Bithiophene
Authors: Kawashima Hikari , Tauchi Daiki , Sakura Misa , Tsubaki Kazunori , Hasegawa Masashi
Published: February 2025

Stereogenic macrocycles composed of axially chiral binaphthyls and bithiophenes were synthesized. The bis(1,5‐cyclooctadiene)nickel(0)‐catalyzed coupling of an enantiomeric precursor yielded a cyclic dimer and trimer with doubly‐twisted and triply‐twisted triangular geometries, respectively. The orientation of the bithiophenes, s‐cis, and s‐trans in the cyclic compounds significantly altered their macrocyclic structure. Mixing of conformers in the cyclic dimer results in complex chiroptical properties, leading to bisignate‐type spectra, which are rarely observed in circularly polarized luminescence.
Evaluation of the Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Patients With Situs Inversus Totalis
Authors: Kahraman Feyza Ustabas , Jafarov Uzeyir , Yazan Hakan , Yurtsever Ismail , Cakir Erkan , Sayin Gozde Yesil
Published: February 2025

Background

Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is present in approximately 40%–50% of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). We evaluated the relationships between novel genetic results and the clinical and radiological characteristics of PCD patients with SIT.

Methods

The study included 48 patients diagnosed with PCD and SIT. Demographic and clinical features, disease‐related scores (Bhalla, Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Rule [PICADAR], and American Thoracic Society [ATS]), and genetic analyses were retrospectively assessed.

Results

The median age of patients was 13 (6.5–16) years, and parental consanguinity was observed in 43 (89.58%) patients. Bhalla score was available in 31 patients and “moderate and severe” score was observed in 19 (61.29%) patients. The median PICADAR score was 10 (8–11), and 34 (70.83%) patients had a high (≥ 10) PICADAR score. The ATS score was found to be 4 in 24 (50%) patients and 3 in 20 (43.75%) patients. Genetic data were available in 40 patients and mutations were found in 27 (67.5%) patients. The most common pathogenic variants were DNAH5 in 8 (20%), CCDC103 in 4 (10%), and CCDC39 in 3 (7.5%) patients. Subjects with any genetic variants may be older, have a greater frequency of parental consanguinity, higher Bhalla score, and higher ATS score (p < 0.05). DNAH5 mutation was associated with a lower likelihood of neonatal ICU stay and neonatal respiratory distress‐related symptoms (p = 0.036 and 0.015, respectively).

Conclusions

Situs abnormalities may be a warning sign for the early diagnosis of PCD. Early diagnosis of PCD through genetic analysis is important for preventing chronic lung pathologies and predicting prognosis and may improve the quality of life.
Leveraging supramolecular systems in biomedical breakthroughs
Authors: Maity Shreya , Deb Vishal Kumar , Mondal Sayani , Chakraborty Akansha , Pramanick Kousik , Adhikari Suman
Published: February 2025

Supramolecular systems, intricate assemblies of molecular subunits organized through various intermolecular interactions, offer versatile platforms for diverse applications, including gene therapy, antimicrobial therapy, and cellular engineering. These systems are cost‐effective and environmentally friendly, contributing to their attractiveness in biomaterial design. Furthermore, supramolecular biomaterials based on acyclic, macrocyclic compounds and lipid‐based assembly offer potential applications in distinct types of biomedical approaches. In this context, they can transport several therapeutic agents very effectively to the target site. Supramolecular hydrogels exhibit potent antimicrobial activity by disrupting microbial membranes, offering promising solutions to combat drug‐resistant pathogens. Additionally, supramolecular luminescent nanoparticles enable targeted cell imaging, facilitating disease diagnosis and treatment with high specificity and sensitivity. In cellular engineering, supramolecular assemblies of small molecules demonstrate biological activities, overcoming challenges in cancer treatment by inhibiting signaling pathways and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. This review emphasizes the applications of supramolecular systems from gene therapy to cellular imaging, tissue engineering, and antimicrobial therapy, showcasing their potential to drive innovation and address pressing healthcare challenges.
Impact of ESG Disclosures on Corporate Financial Performance: An Industry‐Specific Analysis of Indian Firms
Authors: Paridhi  , Ritika
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the relationship between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices and return on assets (ROA) in Indian companies, focusing on industry‐specific variations. Using 10 years of panel data across resource‐intensive, consumer‐facing, and service sectors, the analysis employs the system generalized method of moments (GMM) for robust estimation. The results reveal a positive overall effect of ESG practices on ROA, with significant differences across industries. The study uses the categorization of resource‐intensive, consumer‐facing, and service industries to examine the differential effects of ESG factors on ROA. However, environmental scores do not significantly impact ROA, suggesting uniform effects across industries. Social scores enhance ROA without notable industry‐specific differences, while governance scores show varying effects, indicating sector‐specific drivers of profitability. The analysis also highlights the moderating effects of industry categories on the ESG–ROA relationship, suggesting that the impact of ESG practices varies across different sectors. The study also considers the economic effects of COVID‐19, highlighting its marginal impact on ROA and the need for resilient financial strategies. However, the moderating effect of COVID‐19 on this relationship was not significant, indicating limited variation in the ESG–ROA dynamics during the pandemic period except in the governance model. These findings suggest that tailored ESG strategies, aligned with industry‐specific challenges, can optimize financial performance. Policymakers and investors are encouraged to focus on sector‐specific ESG practices to better evaluate company performance and formulate effective regulations. This research contributes to the emerging market context by emphasizing the importance of industry‐specific ESG integration for enhancing financial outcomes.
A Moderated Mediation Model Linking Stakeholder Integration to Green Innovation: A Stakeholder Theory Perspective
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Noman Muhammad , Ali Adnan , Ali Zeeshan , Qayyum Shanza , Khan Afaq Ahmed , Sherwani Mehkar
Published: February 2025

Despite extensive discourse on the significant role of stakeholder integration in sustainability and firm performance, its impact on promoting green innovation (GI) remains underdeveloped in current environmental management literature. To address this gap, our study adopts stakeholder theory to develop a moderated mediation model that examines how and under what conditions stakeholder integration influences GI. Using data from 306 Pakistani‐listed manufacturing firms and employing partial least squares path modeling, our findings confirm the positive impact of stakeholder integration on GI and highlight the partial mediating role of organizational learning capability (OLC). Additionally, the results indicate that environmental scanning moderates the relationship between stakeholder integration and OLC. Overall, these insights contribute to business strategy and environmental management literature by illuminating the critical role of stakeholder integration in driving GI and elucidating the underlying mechanisms involving OLC and environmental scanning.
An Umpolung Approach for C2‐Selective C−H Amination of Azines by Palladium Catalysis
Authors: Wu Qikun , Muto Kei , Yamaguchi Junichiro
Published: February 2025

The site‐selective C−H amination of azines is a critical challenge due to the broad applications of amino azines in biologically important compounds. In this work, we report a conceptually novel approach to the electrophilic C2‐selective C−H amination of azines using O‐benzoylhydroxylamines, catalyzed by a benzyl–palladium complex. A key feature of this transformation is the formation of the distal C−N bond via a benzyl–Pd intermediate, facilitated by a malonate substituent on the azine as a remote directing group. This strategy effectively overrides the inherent polarity mismatch typically observed in electrophilic C2‐C−H aminations. The reaction exhibits high site‐selectivity and demonstrates towards amine‐sensitive functional group, highlighting its synthetic utility.
Predictive Value of Lung Ultrasound Combined With ACEF Score for the Prognosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Lun Ziheng , He Jiexin , Fu Ming , Yi Shixin , Dong Haojian , Zhang Ying
Published: February 2025

Background

Lung ultrasound (LUS) and the ACEF score (age, creatinine, and ejection fraction) have been shown to be pivotal in predicting an unfavorable prognosis in acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Hypothesis

The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic value of LUS combined with ACEF score in AMI.

Methods

The ACEF score and the total number of B‐lines in eight thoracic regions of LUS were calculated. Adverse events were recorded during hospitalization and follow‐up, defined as all‐cause death and other cardiovascular events. Multivariate logistic regression identified predictors of adverse events during hospitalization. Multivariate Cox regression identified predictors of adverse events during follow‐up.

Results

We enrolled 204 patients. The B‐lines (adjusted OR 1.08, [95% CI: 1.03–1.13], p < 0.01) and the ACEF score (adjusted OR 2.71 [95% CI: 1.07–6.81], p < 0.05) independently predicted adverse events during hospitalization. The C‐index values were 0.81 (p < 0.01) for the ACEF score, 0.81 (p < 0.01) for LUS, and 0.86 (p < 0.01) for their combination. One hundred seventy‐one patients were followed up for 12 months (IQR, 8.13–15.93). Both the B‐lines (adjusted HR 1.06 [95% CI: 1.03–1.09], p < 0.05) and the ACEF score (adjusted HR 1.95 [95% CI: 1.10–3.43], p < 0.05) remained associated with an increased risk of adverse events during follow‐up. The C‐index values were 0.74 (p < 0.01) for the ACEF score, 0.73 (p < 0.01) for LUS, and 0.80 (p < 0.01) for their combined predictive ability.

Conclusions

The B‐lines and ACEF score are associated with adverse events in AMI patients. When combined, they provide increasing value in assessing the risk of adverse events, which has significant implications for risk stratification.
Machine Learning for Prediction of Drug Concentrations: Application and Challenges
Authors: Huang Shuqi , Xu Qihan , Yang Guoping , Ding Junjie , Pei Qi
Published: February 2025

With the advancements in algorithms and increased accessibility of multi‐source data, machine learning in pharmacokinetics is gaining interest. This review summarizes studies on machine learning‐based pharmacokinetics analysis up to September 2024, identified from the PubMed and IEEE Xplore databases. The main focus of this review is on the use of machine learning in predicting drug concentration. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the advances in the machine learning algorithms for pharmacokinetics analysis. Specifically, we describe the common practices in data preprocessing, the application scenarios of various algorithms, and the critical challenges that require attention. Most machine learning models show comparable performance to those of population pharmacokinetics models. Tree‐based algorithms and neural networks have the most applications. Furthermore, the use of ensemble modeling techniques can improve the accuracy of these models' predictions of drug concentrations, especially the ensembles of machine learning and pharmacometrics.
Sodium pump subunit NKAα1 protects against diabetic endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting ferroptosis through the autophagy‐lysosome degradation of ACSL4
Authors: Zhu Xue‐Xue , Su Jia‐Bao , Wang Fang‐Ming , Chai Xiao‐Ying , Chen Guo , Xu An‐Jing , Meng Xin‐Yu , Qiu Hong‐Bo , Sun Qing‐Yi , Wang Yao , Lv Zhuo‐Lin , Zhang Yuan , Liu Yao , Han Zhi‐Jun , Li Na , Sun Hai‐Jian , Lu Qing‐Bo
Published: February 2025

The sodium pump Na+/K+‐ATPase (NKA), an enzyme ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and cells, is a critical player in maintaining cellular ion homeostasis. Dysregulation of α1 subunit of NKA (NKAα1) has been associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, yet the exact role of NKAα1 in diabetes‐induced endothelial malfunction remains incompletely understood. The NKAα1 expression and NKA activity were examined in high‐glucose (HG)‐exposed endothelial cells (ECs) and mouse aortae, as well as in high‐fat‐diet (HFD)‐fed mice. Acetylcholine (Ach) was utilised to assess endothelium‐dependent relaxation (EDR) in isolated mouse aortae. We found that both NKAα1 protein and mRNA levels were significantly downregulated in the aortae of HFD‐fed mice, and HG‐incubated mouse aortae and ECs. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments revealed that NKAα1 preserves EDR by mitigating oxidative/nitrative stresses in ECs. Overexpression of NKAα1 facilitated EC viability, migration, and angiogenesis by inhibiting the overproduction of superoxide and peroxynitrite. Mechanistically, dysfunctional NKAα1 impaired autophagy process, and prevented the transfer of acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family member 4 (ACSL4) to the lysosome for degradation, thereby resulting in lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in ECs. Induction of ferroptosis and inhibition of the autophagy‐lysosome pathway blocked the protective effects of NKAα1 on EDR. Eventually, we identified Hamaudol as a potent activator of NKAα1 by restraining the phosphorylation and endocytosis of NKAα1, restoring EDR in obese diabetic mice. Overall, NKAα1 facilitates the autophagic degradation of ACSL4 via the lysosomal pathway, preventing ferroptosis and oxidative/nitrative stress in ECs. NKAα1 may serve as an attractive candidate for the management of vascular disorders associated with diabetes.

Key points

NKAα1 downregulation impairs endothelial function in diabetes by promoting oxidative/nitrative stress and ferroptosis.

NKAα1 supports lysosomal degradation of ACSL4 via autophagy, preventing lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis.

Hamaudol, an activator of NKAα1, restores endothelial relaxation in diabetic mice by inhibiting NKAα1 phosphorylation and endocytosis.