bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of cetirizine in the presence of quinolones
Authors: Shamshad Hina , Mirza Agha Zeeshan
Published: June 2021

Background

Present work describes a fast, simple, and sensitive procedure for the simultaneous determination of cetirizine in the presence of quinolones using diclofenac sodium as an internal standard. The present work was designed to analyze these compounds in pharmaceutical and clinical labs being economical for use.

Results

The mobile phase consisted of the simple composition of methanol, acetonitrile, and water in a ratio of 50:20:30 with a pH adjusted to 3.1 at a flow rate of 1 mL min−1. The UV detection was performed at 225 nm. The linearity was assessed over the range of 2.5–50 μg mL−1 for all drugs. The parameters such as accuracy, precision, linearity (>0.999), and sensitivity were satisfactory.

Conclusion

The method was equally applicable for formulation and human serum with recovery values between 95 and 105%. The results of the method were validated statistically according to ICH guidelines.
Endocrine Nurses Society Position Statement on Transgender and Gender Diverse Care
Authors: Dwyer Andrew A , Greenspan Debra L
Published: June 2021

The Endocrine Nurses Society (ENS) is committed to clinical excellence in the art and science of endocrine nursing throughout the world. ENS recognizes that transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals face challenges and inequities that place them in the realm of health disparities. Further, TGD individuals often face substantial barriers to care and have difficulty finding healthcare providers who are knowledgeable about the unique health needs of this patient population. ENS recognizes that endocrine nurses care for young adult and adult TGD individuals. This position statement outlines recommendations for healthcare providers and organizations seeking to embrace a gender-affirming approach to care and increase access to high-quality, comprehensive care for TGD individuals. This Position Statement was accepted by ENS on September 8, 2020 and has been endorsed by the European Society of Endocrinology Nurse Committee, European Society of Paediatric Endocrinology Nurses, Pediatric Endocrine Nursing Society, Endocrine Nurses’ Society of Australasia, and the Federation of International Nurses in Endocrinology.
Grotesque Metamorphoses and Creative Practices in Jan Svankmajer
Authors: Zhonga Irida
Published: June 2021

This paper explores stop motion puppetry films through the lens of the grotesque, to see how this aesthetic category helps in understanding the medium and its appeals. Noel Carroll describes the grotesque as, a “departure from the ordinary” whereas Wolfgang Kayser tries to explain its nature as that of an “estranged world”. The animated works of pioneering filmmaker Jan Svankmajer have been pivotal when it comes to visual manifestations of hybrid forms and the formation of illusory supernatural life by merging objects of animate and inanimate simulacra. I will discuss in which ways the grotesque is portrayed in Svankmajer’s films by examining manifestations of grotesque in the bodies of the puppets as well as in the filmmaker’s creative process. When going into a more in-depth analysis, Mikhail Bakhtin’s concept of the ‘grotesque body’ and its relationship to the earth as an unfinished metamorphosis of existence and Wolfgang Kayser’s writings on the grotesque as an alienated world created through the practices of the artist will also be used to identify how Svankmajer mixes and alters the biological and ontological categories of everyday objects.
High infectious disease burden as a basis for the observed high frequency of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kusi Kwadwo Asamoah , Frimpong Augustina , Partey Frederica Dedo , Lamptey Helena , Amoah Linda Eva , Ofori Michael Fokuo
Published: June 2021

Following the coronavirus outbreaks described as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012, the world has again been challenged by yet another corona virus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 infections were first detected in a Chinese Province in December 2019 and then declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. An infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 may result in asymptomatic, uncomplicated or fatal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Fatal disease has been linked with the uncontrolled “cytokine storm” manifesting with complications mostly in people with underlying cardiovascular and pulmonary disease conditions. The severity of COVID-19 disease and the associated mortality has been disproportionately lower in terms of number of cases and deaths in Africa and also Asia in comparison to Europe and North America. Also, persons of colour residing in Europe and North America have been identified as a highly susceptible population due to a combination of several socioeconomic factors and poor access to quality healthcare. Interestingly, this has not been the case in sub-Saharan Africa where majority of the population are even more deprived of the aforementioned factors. On the contrary, sub-Saharan Africa has recorded the lowest levels of mortality and morbidity associated with the disease, and an overwhelming proportion of infections are asymptomatic. Whilst it can be argued that these lower number of cases in Africa may be due to challenges associated with the diagnosis of the disease such as lack of trained personnel and infrastructure, the number of persons who get infected and develop symptoms is proportionally lower than those who are asymptomatic, including asymptomatic cases that are never diagnosed. This review discusses the most probable reasons for the significantly fewer cases of severe COVID-19 disease and deaths in sub-Saharan Africa.
The impact of long-term exposure to anticholinergics among people with intellectual disabilities: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Al Shuhaimi Lamya , Henman Martin , McCallion Philip , McCarron Mary , O'Dwyer Maire
Published: June 2021

Background: Older adults with intellectual disability often take multiple medicines with anticholinergic activity and sedative properties to manage multi-morbidity; the use of medication with anticholinergic activity has been found to be associated with various cognitive and physical impairments. However, there are limited studies that have examined the long-term impact of anticholinergic use among older adults. Therefore, this protocol is designed to conduct a scoping review to examine the available data on the long-term impact of anticholinergic use in older adults with intellectual disability.

Aim and objectives:  The aim of this scoping review is to a) map and b) examine the existing research literature to answer the research question: What is the impact on cognitive and physical outcomes of long-term exposure to medications with anticholinergic activity among older adults with intellectual disabilities?

Methods and analysis: This scoping review will follow the methodology framework of Arksey and O’Malley and its developed version by Levac. The framework consists of a six-stage process to be conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) reporting guidelines. The search strategy will include the following electronic data bases: Pubmed, Cochrane library, EMBASE, Medline, Science Direct, CINAHL Complete and PsycINFO. The search will include terms related to ‘Anticholinergic burden’, ‘Intellectual disability’, ‘Adverse drug reaction’ and ‘long-term impact’ with Boolean operator ‘and’. The scoping review will include studies with at least 3 months exposure to anticholinergics. The collected data will be mapped as a tabular presentation of the various physical and cognitive adverse effects associated with long-term use of anticholinergics in this group of population.
Demographic and health characteristics of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine users (MDMA, ecstasy)
Authors: Więckiewicz Gniewko , Danel Dariusz , Piegza Magdalena , Gorczyca Piotr , Pudlo Robert
Published: June 2021

Cel pracy

MDMA to jedna z najczęściej stosowanych substancji psychoaktywnych na świecie. Obecnie w wielu krajach prowadzone są badania kliniczne nad zastosowaniem tej substancji w leczeniu PTSD i alkoholizmu. Dostępnych jest jednak niewiele informacji demograficznych na temat użytkowników, którzy używają substancji w celach pozamedycznych. Celem było określenie podstawowych cech demograficznych i zdrowotnych za pomocą zwalidowanych narzędzi.

Metoda

Autorzy przygotowali oryginalny kwestionariusz dotyczący demografii osób używających MDMA i połączyli go z Kwestionariusze Ogólnego Stanu Zdrowia (GHQ-28) oraz Szpitalną Skalą Lęku i Depresji (HADS). Ankieta została rozesłana do polskich użytkowników MDMA za pośrednictwem internetu.

Wyniki

Otrzymano 304 odpowiedzi od osób powyżej 18 roku życia. MDMA jest szeroko rozpowszechnione wśród młodych dorosłych, w wielu różnych miejscach zamieszkania i niezależnie od płci. Użytkownicy zażywają MDMA zarówno w formie pigułki, jak i kryształu, i bardzo rzadko testują substancje psychoaktywne zakupione od sprzedawcy. Większość użytkowników uważa, że ​​MDMA dobrze wpłynęło na ich życie.

Wnioski

MDMA jest rzadko używane jako jedyna substancja psychoaktywna. Użytkownicy MDMA oceniają stan swojego zdrowia wyżej niż osoby używające innych substancji psychoaktywnych.
Biomechanical modelling as a method of studying athlete’s motor actions
Authors: Vako Ilia
Published: June 2021

Topicality. One of the common methods of biological objects study is modelling. Using basic laws of physics, mechanics, mathematics, biology, physiology and other sciences, this method allows explaining the functional structure of the studied process, identifying its significant connection with external objects, internal organization, and evaluating quantitative characteristics. The model is referred as to such a mentally represented or materially realized system, which, reflecting or reproducing the object of study, is able to replace it so that its study gives new information about this object. The search for an analogue for the original is possible on the basis of the following types of models as deterministic models, i.e. models based on systems of algebraic, regression and differential equations, equations in partial derivatives; statistical models that predict the probability of various events. The task of the research is to conduct a comparative biomechanical analysis of a side kick performing technique at close reach by athletes of different qualification who specialize in hand-to-hand combat and on this basis to determine the model characteristics of sport technique. Research methods. To achieve the set tasks, we have applied such research methods as analysis of scientific and methodological literature as well as documentary materials, methods of registration and analysis of athlete's movements (system of video recording and analysis of athlete's movements, 3D recording of human movements "Qualisys Motion Capture"). The results obtained during the study have been processed with the help of mathematical statistics methods. Results of the research. It should be noted that the surveyed skilled athletes who specialize in hand-to-hand combat do not apply a preparatory phase of acceleration, as it is characteristic for highly skilled athletes. After the initial position, qualified athletes perform a forward movement in the course of a future blow. For highly skilled athletes a counter-movement is typical – first backwards (that increases the path and creates the conditions for clearer twisting), afterwards there are a few moments of movement forward with active pelvis movement thus overtaking the shoulder axis by the pelvic axis. Conclusions. Highly skilled athletes have a fairly high consistency of the inclusion of individual bio-links when performing a side hook with the help of the hand at close reach. At the same time, a slight advance of the elbow joint maximum speed at the time of strike indicates the need for further work on the technique of masters of sports. Significant reserves in this regard are available to qualified athletes, namely there is usually no preliminary phase associated with the pelvis and shoulder joint movements of the athlete who beats back after taking the initial position (in strike actions this phase is called swing or propulsion); there is an inconsistent inclusion of individual bio-links in the work, as evidenced by the dynamics of changes in the resulting rate of individual bio-links.
The incidence of significant correlations between body height and weight and foot parameters among 7-13-year-old children of both sexes and environments
Authors: Mrozkowiak Mirosław
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to present the incidence of significant correlations between body weight and height and the selected parameters of feet among 7-13-year-old children.

Material and methods. The study which was conducted among children aged 7-13 years during the period of 3 years, in 6 half-year editions, allowed the author to record 16462 observations with regard to the measurement of 48 parameters describing feet, body weight and height. The photogrammetric method was used to measure the selected parameters.

Conclusions

1.Among children aged 7-13 years, body height revealed significantly more frequent correlations with the parameters of feet than body weight.

Body height was reported to reveal more frequent significant correlations with the parameters of feet than body weight among boys and girls. As regards girls involved in the study, the proportions concerning the frequency of relationships concerning body height were similar to the percentage represented by boys whereas body-weight-related correlations were more frequent. Body weight and height were reported to correlate more often with the parameters of feet in the case of children living in the urban areas than those from the rural regions.

2.Among boys, the most frequent significant correlations between body weight and height and the parameters of feet were observed in subjects living in the urban environment. The percentage of relationships between body weight parameters observed in the rural environment was very low. Among girls from towns and cities, the prevalence of correlations between body weight and height outnumbered the rate of relationships in the rural environment.
“We Need Independence Like the Air that We Breathe”
Authors: Lewandowski Mirosław
Published: June 2021

Stanisław Palczewski in conversation with Mirosław Lewandowski
Memoires of the Inhabitants of Tarnopol
Authors: Blicharski Czesław E.
Published: June 2021

collected by Czesław El Blicharskiedited and with an introduction by Jan Brzeski
Book Reviews
Authors: Shen Wenjing
Published: June 2021

In Book Reviews, we review an extensive and diverse range of books. They cover theory and applications in operations research, statistics, management science, econometrics, mathematics, computers, and information systems. In addition, we include books in other fields that emphasize technical applications. The editor will be pleased to receive an email from those willing to review a book, with an indication of specific areas of interest. If you are aware of a specific book that you would like to review, or that you think should be reviewed, please contact the editor. The following books are reviewed in this issue of INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics, 51(3), May–June: Optimization and Control for Systems in the Big-Data Era: Theory and Applications, Tsan-Ming Choi, Jianjun Gao, James H. Lambert, Chi-Kong Ng, Jun Wang; Pricing Lives: Guideposts for a Safer Society, W. Kip Viscusi.
The Influence of Parental Guidance, Group of Peers, School Promotion, and Career Information on Course Preference Decision Class X SMK Muhammadiyah in Bantul
Authors: Pujilestari Siska , Sayuti Muhammad , Tentama Fatwa
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study was to analyze the influence of parental guidance, peer group, school promotion, and career information on course preference decision. This study applied a mixed-method with quantitative (multiple regression) followed by the qualitative stage. The quantitative analysis technique is done by a regression test and continued with qualitative. The results showed that partially and simultaneously, the variables of parental guidance, peer groups, school promotion, and career information affected the decision making in choosing the competency of students of SMK Muhammadiyah in Bantul. Career information factors of 12.98% most influence students' decision making in choosing expertise competencies. School promotion contributed 8.20% of the decision. The peer factor contributes to 4.78% of the students’ choices. The last of these factors was parental guidance, which provided 4.43%.
Vocational School Alignment Based-on Industry Needs
Authors: Mahmudah Fitri Nur , Santosa Budi
Published: June 2021

Industrial development has an impact on competency requirements that must be aligned with the provision of competencies in vocational school. Vocational school graduates who are able to work in accordance with their field of expertise are one of the keys to the success of vocational education. The purpose of writing this article is to determine the vocational alignment based on the schema. The method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection techniques using interviews. The research was conducted during a workshop organized by the Directorate of Vocational Education. The research subjects were Indonesian vocational school teachers. The research procedure used the Denzin & Lincoln model. Data analysis was carried out with the assistance of the Atlas.ti software version 8.3. The results of this study provide information that there are three important things that need to be done by vocational school and Industry to be able to carry out and develop competencies, namely process, strategic management, and duties and responsibilities. The three things that are the findings, of course, have their respective indicators which can be done specifically by vocational school and Industry. The results of this research can be used as a collective reflection for vocational school and industry in increasing competence and developing the ability to create quality graduates for vocational school and to find competent workforce candidates for Industry.
Effect Of Peer Tutoring On Students’ Academic Achievement In Office Technology And Mangement In Nigerian Polytechnics
Authors: Ehirheme Pauline Egberanmwen , Eze Titus Iloduba
Published: June 2021

Students of Office Technology and Management (OTM) in Nigerian polytechnics have consistently performed below expectations both academically and at work. This may be attributed to use of inappropriate instructional method. The need to improve this situation necessitated the research on effects of peer tutoring on students’ academic achievement in OTM in Nigerian polytechnics.  Using a research question to guide the study, and a null hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance. A non-randomized quasi experimental research design, adopting pre-test; post-test non-equivalent control group design was used. South West Nigeria was the region of the research work with a populace of 503 National Diploma Year II (ND II) OTM students in four federal polytechnics.  Using cluster random sampling, a sample of the intact classes of 227 students from two states in the area of the study was drawn. Three OTM experts validated the “Office Technology and Management Achievement Test (OTMAT)” 100 items instrument for face and content validity. The Experts input modified some items and cancelled some which reduced 140 test items to 100 used for collecting data. Descriptive statistics of mean was used to analyze data and to respond to the research question while t-test and Analysis of Covariance were used to test the null hypothesis. Kuder-Richardson Formula 21 was adopted to establish internal consistency and reliability of the instrument which yielded a coefficient of 0.86. The research showed that Peer Tutoring Instructional Technique (PTIT) has higher positive effects on students’ academic achievement in OTM than Teacher-dominated Instructional Approach (TDIA), thus it can enhance students’ academic achievement in OTM. It was, therefore, suggested that OTM lecturers should include the use of Peer Tutoring Instructional Technique to boost learning in teaching their students.
The Effect of Pandemic Covid-19 into Internship Activity of Mojokerto Vocational High Schools
Authors: Setiyawan Andri , Kurniawan Arief
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine what steps were taken by the Vocational High School (SMK) 1 Mojokerto in implementing Dual System Education / Internship which is a mandatory activity for high school students to improve students` insights and qualities and foster good relations between a vocational high school and a job provider company during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is qualitative research that aims to describe the implementation of Dual System Education / Internship by Vocational high School 1 Mojokerto during the COVID-19 pandemic.  The Effect of Pandemic Covid-19 into Internship Activity on apprenticeship: 1) During the pandemic, halt the internship process; internship operations can resume after the pandemic has passed. (2) Relocating student street vendors to businesses that follow government and corporation laws and require the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). (3) Internships will be phased out in favor of online learning.
Psychosocial support for people with dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Killen Alison
Published: June 2021

Background

Lewy body dementia is the second most common form of age-related neurodegenerative dementia. It has two forms: dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia.

Methods

There are specific core symptoms associated with dementia with Lewy bodies. Optimum care requires awareness of the features associated with these, as well as appropriate support and management strategies, which are provided in this article.

Results

The core features of dementia with Lewy bodies are visual hallucinations, cognitive fluctuations, Parkinsonism and rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder. Appropriate psychosocial strategies includes psychoeducation, social support and environmental modification. Adoption of these approaches can reduce adverse outcomes.

Conclusions

The core features of dementia with Lewy bodies can significantly impair quality of life. Nursing and residential care staff are ideally placed to address this through the implementation of psychosocial strategies both directly, and through the provision of psychoeducation for family caregivers.
Distal rectus femoris surgery in children with cerebral palsy: Results of a Delphi consensus project
Authors: Kay Robert M. , Pierz Kristan , McCarthy James , Graham H. Kerr , Chambers Henry , Davids Jon R. , Narayanan Unni , Novacheck Tom F. , Rhodes Jason , Rutz Erich , Shilt Jeffrey , Shore Benjamin J. , Veerkamp Matthew , Shrader M. Wade , Theologis Tim , Van Campenhout Anja , Dreher Thomas
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study was for an international panel of experts to establish consensus indications for distal rectus femoris surgery in children with cerebral palsy (CP) using a modified Delphi method.

Methods

The panel used a five-level Likert scale to record agreement or disagreement with 33 statements regarding distal rectus femoris surgery. The panel responded to statements regarding general characteristics, clinical indications, computerized gait data, intraoperative techniques and outcome measures. Consensus was defined as at least 80% of responses being in the highest or lowest two of the five Likert ratings, and general agreement as 60% to 79% falling into the highest or lowest two ratings. There was no agreement if neither threshold was reached.

Results

Consensus or general agreement was reached for 17 of 33 statements (52%). There was general consensus that distal rectus femoris surgery is better for stiff knee gait than is proximal rectus femoris release. There was no consensus about whether the results of distal rectus femoris release were comparable to those following distal rectus femoris transfer. Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level was an important factor for the panel, with the best outcomes expected in children functioning at GMFCS levels I and II. The panel also reached consensus that they do distal rectus femoris surgery less frequently than earlier in their careers, in large part reflecting the narrowing of indications for this surgery over the last decade.

Conclusion

This study can help paediatric orthopaedic surgeons optimize decision-making for, and outcomes of, distal rectus femoris surgery in children with CP.

Level of evidence

V
A EMERGÊNCIA DA PASTORAL CRISTÃ: UMA PERSPECTIVA GENEALÓGICA
Authors: Dos Santos Cícero Edinaldo
Published: June 2021

Esse artigo tem o objetivo de compreender a emergência do Pastorado cristão na Sagrada Escritura. Tem por base as teorizações acerca da vontade de condução e a perspectiva genealógica. Utiliza a Sagrada Escritura como um monumento histórico-religioso, articulado a elementos conjecturais. Apresenta a discussão em três momentos: a ideia de pastorado entre os hebreus e seus descendentes (israelitas e judeus), a ideia de pastorado cristão nos Evangelhos e nas cartas de Paulo. Considera que o pastorado cristão tornou-se uma complexa “arte de conduzir”, tendo a Sagrada Escritura como um de seus aportes principais, onde emergia seus enunciados e sua legitimação.
DA HONRA AO MÉRITO: UMA NARRATIVA RETROSPECTIVA SOBRE A ORIGEM DE UM CONCEITO MODERNO
Authors: De Borba Eduardo
Published: June 2021

Neste artigo apresento uma narrativa que traça o surgimento da ideia de mérito de forma retrospectiva, isto é, buscando na passagem para a Modernidade seu espaço de gênese e ascensão. Para isso, início apresentando emergência do indivíduo como categoria moderna (I). Passo então às implicações políticas desse fenômeno (II) e finalizo apontando a formação ideológica que é armada ao se instaurar o falso dilema da cisão entre indivíduo e sociedade (III). A articulação desses três momentos enfatizará no individualismo uma consequência negativa da passagem da ideia de mérito como princípio de conduta individual para um princípio de organização da sociedade.
LINGUAGEM, OBJETO E INTENSÃO: UMA LINHA INVESTIGATIVA DO INTENSIONALISMO NÃO CONCILIÁVEL COM A METAFÍSICA
Authors: Vollet Lucas Ribeiro
Published: June 2021

A política de policiamento rigoroso dos atributos e outros esquemas de individuação feita por W. Quine – em Relatividade Ontológica e outros ensaios (1969) – guarda uma semelhança argumentativa com a polarização da ciência contra a antropomorfização do discurso teórico. Apesar de disfarçada, essa semelhança retórica encontra eco em trechos de Falando de Objetos e em Dois Dogmas do Empirismo. Nesse artigo, seguindo a sugestão de Ruth B. Marcus de que o discurso intensional se distingue do extensional por uma pretensão de força da identidade invocada, iremos propor que Quine está preso a um preconceito cientificista antigo, cuja característica principal é a incapacidade de reconhecer – ou relegar à recursos de uma época pré-científica (antropomórfica) – meios não ortodoxos ou informais de consolidar a força dos padrões de identidade da linguagem. Isso nos ajudará a sugerir um argumento em que a discussão sobre as intensões envolve uma miscigenação com problemas hermenêuticos e históricos sobre o significado e a interpretação.
O AMOR COMO FUNDAMENTO ONTOLÓGICO DA ORDEM EM SANTO AGOSTINHO
Authors: De Queiroz Silva Francisco Romário , Figueiredo Francisco Clebio
Published: June 2021

Considerando a relevância que os termos ordem e amor possuem na doutrina de Santo Agostinho, objetiva-se apresentar como o amor constitui-se o fundamento ontológico da ordem nos escritos agostinianos. Para tanto, procede-se à um estudo da teoria dos dois amores e das duas cidades, bem como a uma investigação do conceito de ordem em Santo Agostinho. Desse modo, observa-se que o amor é um impulso que move a vontade do homem a um determinado objeto e, por sua vez, é a origem e o princípio das duas cidades. O amor será reto se, obedecendo à ordem hierárquica dos seres, tender ao que há de mais elevado, de modo que o indivíduo ascenda ao inteligível. Por outra via, o amor será desordenado se o homem, não distinguindo os seres superiores dos inferiores, optar por usar do que se deve fruir e fruir do que deve ser utilizado. Enquanto o amor unicamente a si é a origem mesma da desordem, o amor desprendido e devotado a Deus e ao próximo é o fundamento da comunhão. O que permite concluir que o amor constitui o fundamento da ordem na ontologia de Santo Agostinho.
DOSSIÊ FILOSOFIA POLÍTICA: RENASCIMENTO E MODERNIDADE (APRESENTAÇÃO)
Authors: Silva Antonio Cesar Ferreira da , Oliveira Eduardo Chagas , Braga Luiz Carlos Montans , Reis Nilo Henrique Neves dos
Published: June 2021

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JAMES HARRINGTON E A RELAÇÃO ENTRE VIRTUDE E RIQUEZA
Authors: Barros Alberto Ribeiro Gonçalves de
Published: June 2021

A intenção é discutir a interpretação de John Pocock de que o republicanismo de James Harrington condenaria a riqueza proveniente da atividade mercantil, na medida em que ela comprometeria o exercício da virtude cívica dos cidadãos. A primeira parte do artigo pretende esclarecer que a sua teoria sobre o fundamento econômico do poder político também se aplica às nações mercantis, ao destacar passagens da obra de Harrington em que a base material do governo não é apenas a propriedade da terra, mas também a propriedade de mercadorias e bens monetários. A segunda parte espera demonstrar que a sua concepção de virtude está principalmente vinculada às instituições e aos dispositivos constitucionais que asseguram a autoridade ao governo. Enfim, o objetivo é mostrar que a relação entre virtude e riqueza é de complementaridade, independentemente do tipo de republica, agrária ou comercial, na medida em que elas são os dois fundamentos do governo.
POR UMA FILOSOFIA DE ENFRENTAMENTO DAS EPIDEMIAS (OU MANIFESTO CONTRA A SÍNDROME DE PAMPINEIA)
Authors: Kibuuka Brian Gordon Lutalo
Published: June 2021

Este artigo aborda a partir do motivo literário que serve de embreador para o Decamerão de Boccaccio, a temática do enfrentamento das epidemias. Apresenta-se neste artigo o desenvolvimento do que se tornará a filosofia moral e depois o utilitarismo em uma perspectiva crítica. Ao fim, destaca-se os mecanismos para a precarização da vida em situações pandêmicas e os meios para a superação de tal precarização, em favor dos direitos e da dignidade de cada pessoa humana.
GIORGIO VASARI: (N)O ALVORECER DA ERA DA ARTE
Authors: Nascimento Charliston
Published: June 2021

“Le Vite” (As Vidas), de Giorgio Vasari, é reconhecidamente um dos textos mais relevantes da história da arte. Sob a perspectiva de biografar os mais renomados pintores, escultores e arquitetos de sua época, o texto vasariano se tornou célebre tanto como uma primeira história da arte, como o registro basilar para o estudo da arte italiana renascentista e, por fim, também para a compreensão do desenvolvimento e entendimento da arte em um de seus períodos históricos mais proeminentes, qual seja, a arte italiana de Cimabue a Michelangelo Buonarroti. Esses fatos podem nos conduzir a uma interpretação equivocada: a de que o texto de Vasari seja uma obra delimitada ao mero estudo histórico e artefatual, de modo que expandir a compreensão dos fenômenos que aquela obra abarca para os problemas filosóficos da arte de nosso tempo ou da arte em geral constituiria uma tarefa fadada ao anacronismo. No presente artigo, demonstraremos como “Le Vite”, pelo contrário, alicerça o conceito de era da arte para uma das principais filosofias da arte contemporânea, qual seja, o essencialismo histórico de Arthur Danto, e em seguida defenderemos em que medida naquela obra do Cinquecento já se fazem presentes e em germinação alguns dos principais aspectos da nossa compreensão atual do termo arte.
O MODELO DE RACIONALIDADE COMO UMA HERANÇA DO PENSAMENTO MODERNO: UMA CRÍTICA À LUZ DA NOVA RETÓRICA
Authors: Oliveira Eduardo Chagas
Published: June 2021

A partir de uma crítica ao modelo de racionalidade edificado pelos pensadores modernos, encontra-se um ponto de convergência entre teorias empiristas e racionalistas, no que se refere ao abandono de critérios de validação do conhecimento associados à argumentação e às estruturas não-formais de raciocínio. Considerando que existe uma marca indelével na construção do pensamento acadêmico-científico, que se traduz como uma herança deixada pelo racionalismo cartesiano, Perelman sugere uma proposta metodológica argumentativa, compatível com a ideia de razoabilidade, em substituição às provas demonstrativas, mais adequadas ao campo das ciências formais, inspiradas no modelo analítico.  O texto resgata ideias de filósofos modernos e antigos – como Descartes, Hume, Hobbes, Aristóteles e Platão – situando as suas teorias no projeto de construção de uma metodologia de investigação compatível com o campo das Humanidades, que inclui as Ciências Humanas e as Sociais Aplicadas, através da proposta de uma lógica do razoável, de Luis Recaséns Siches, que serviu de inspiração para a sustentação da vertente belga da Teoria da Argumentação, designada como Nova Retórica.
MAQUIAVEL E OS PRESSUPOSTOS DE SEU PROJETO CONSTITUCIONAL PARA FLORENÇA
Authors: Ferreira Christiane Cardoso , Benevenuto Flávia
Published: June 2021

Trata-se de investigar os argumentos utilizados por Maquiavel que sustentam uma proposta republicana em seu projeto constitucional, conforme Discurso sobre as formas de governo de Florença após a morte do jovem Lorenzo de Medici. Para tanto, pretende-se primeiramente apresentar o exame maquiaveliano sobre os governos de Florença do passado (1393 até 1512) e, em seguida, procurar compreender sobre quais bases teóricas ele fundamenta o projeto. Para a compreensão teórica de seus pressupostos republicanos que se contrapõem ao processo de corrupção das ordenações florentinas, utilizamos outros escritos maquiavelianos, sobretudo os Discursos sobre a primeira década de Tito Lívio. As questões sobre a estabilidade-instabilidade dos regimes, os pressupostos das formas “apropriadas” de governo – incluindo a questão da “igualdade” entre os cidadãos –, a inclusão-exclusão dos humores e o processo de corrupção perpassam nossa análise.
VIRTUDE E PRAZER: A MANEIRA EPICURISTA DE MONTAIGNE
Authors: Theobaldo Maria Cristina
Published: June 2021

Uma vigorosa participação do epicurismo nos Ensaios de Montaigne pode ser apreendida na esfera da moral, especialmente a vinculação entre virtude e prazer e a tarefa que a filosofia assume no ajuizamento moral. Nessa direção, destacamos as seguintes interfaces entre Epicuro, Lucrécio e Montaigne: primeiro, a prioridade da filosofia em relação aos demais saberes; segundo, a presença da filosofia em todas as atividades e o regozijo em praticá-la; terceiro, e aqui o mais fundamental, a relação entre a filosofia e a moderação dos afetos e seu modo de operação.
Educació per a la utilització de fonts de qualitat : il·lusió o realitat
Authors: Cruz Gil María del Carmen
Published: June 2021

L'estudi comença amb el context actual dels canvis que s'han produït en la informació, amb l'objectiu d'induir a la reflexió sobre si l'educació per a la utilització de fonts de qualitat és una il·lusió o una realitat, a causa de la manipulació que pateix la societat amb la desinformació i les notícies enganyoses (fake news). Es presenta una anàlisi des de tres perspectives: la primera, la cerca d'informació; la segona, la proposta d'autors respecte a les fonts en el context de cerca d'informació, i, la tercera, l'educació en el context de l'alfabetització informacional. S'acaba amb la proposta d'utilitzar aquestes perspectives com un procés cíclic i convergent que ha de començar en una edat primerenca i ha de ser continuat en el temps, per a adquirir unes competències informacionals que permeten reconèixer els biaixos i evitar la desinformació.
Automatic crack segmentation using deep high-resolution representation
learning
Authors: Chen Hanshen , Su Yishun , He Wei
Published: June 2021

Cracks are one of the most common types of surface defects that occur
on various engineering infrastructures. Visual-based crack detection
is a challenging step due to the variation of size, shape, and
appearance of cracks. Existing convolutional neural network
(CNN)-based crack detection networks, typically using encoder-decoder
architectures, may suffer from loss of spatial resolution in the
high-to-low and low-to-high resolution processes, affecting the
accuracy of prediction. Therefore, we propose

H
R
N
e
t

e

, an enhanced version of a
high-resolution network (HRNet), by removing the downsampling
operation in the initial stage, reducing the number of high-resolution
representation layers, using dilated convolution, and introducing
hierarchical feature integration. Experiments show that the proposed

H
R
N
e
t

e

with relatively few parameters can
achieve more accuracy and robust performance than other recent
approaches.
Bidirectional grating based interleaved angled MMI for high-uniformity
wavelength division (de)multiplexing and surface-normal fiber
packaging
Authors: Zhang Zanyun , Liu Tianjun , Zhang Kaixin , Li Meixin , Liu Hongwei , Li Hongqiang , Niu Pingjuan , Gu Erdan
Published: June 2021

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a vertical fiber interfacing interleaved
angled multimode interference (MMI) coupler for wavelength-division
multiplexing (WDM) applications. This four-channel WDM device
comprises two

1

×

2

angled MMI couplers and a
bidirectional grating-based Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI)
structure. In the MZI optical interleaver, the uniform bidirectional
grating functions as both the perfectly vertical grating coupler and
the 3 dB power splitter. Benefitting from the flat-top coupling
spectrum of the grating coupler, a high-uniformity wavelength-division
(de)multiplexing can be achieved with a simulated insertion loss of
3.15–3.36 dB (the nonuniformity of 0.22 dB). The angled MMIs (AMMIs)
are designed and optimized using the eigenmode expansion method. For
wavelength matching between the MZI and AMMIs, the circuit simulation
model of the interleaved AMMI is built by importing the S-parameter
matrices of all the optical components extracted from the physical
level simulations. The device was fabricated using standard CMOS
technology and all the features were patterned with the 193-nm deep-UV
lithography. Experimental results obtained without thermal tuning are
in good agreement with the simulation results. The device exhibits an
insertion loss of 4.5–4.65 dB (nonuniformity of 0.15 dB), channel
spacing of 10 nm, and cross talk of

−

(

21.62
−
26

)

d
B

.
Relaxation characteristics for efficient fluorescence lifetime detection of gain media in the fiber laser
Authors: Zhu Desheng , Zhao Yuanyang , Tu Yourui , Li Ruifeng , Liu Keyan , Zhao Yunkun , Yu Benli , Lu Liang
Published: June 2021

By using different active materials as gain media, we demonstrate a system aimed to measure the fluorescence lifetime of gain media in the fiber laser by utilizing the correlation between the laser’s relaxation oscillation characteristics and the fluorescence lifetime of the active materials. As the advantages of extremely compact configuration, non-destructive and real time of the system, the fluorescence lifetime of gain media composed of materials of erbium–ytterbium-doped or erbium-doped have been measured, whose results are 20.2 µs and 1.62 ms, respectively. The proposed method provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, idea for real-time monitoring of fluorescence lifetime in the fiber laser.
Photonic crystal light trapping for photocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Xiwen , John Sajeev
Published: June 2021

The Achilles heel of wide-band photocatalysts such as TiO2 is the insufficient photogeneration in the visible range under sunlight. This has been a longstanding impediment to large-scale, real-world deployment of titania-based photocatalysis applications. Instead of traditional band engineering through heavy-doping, we suggest enhancing photocatalytic efficiency of lightly-doped TiO2 using photonic crystal (PC) structures. This strongly increases solar photogeneration through novel wave-interference-based light trapping. Four photocatalyst structures — simple cubic woodpile (wdp), square lattice nanorod (nrPC), slanted conical-pore (scPore), and face-centered cubic inverse opal (invop) — are optimized and compared for light harvesting in the sub- and above-gap (282 to 550 nm) regions of weakly absorbing TiO2, with the imaginary part of the dielectric constant 0.01 in the visible range. The optimized lattice constants for the first three, and opal center-to-center distance for invop, are ∼300 - 350 nm. For fixed PC thickness, the ranking of visible light harvesting capability is: scPore > wdp ∼ nrPC > invop. The scPore PC deposited on highly reflective substrate is ideal for photocatalysis given its combination of enhanced light trapping and superior charge transport.
Experimental demonstration of superresolution of partially coherent light sources using parity sorting
Authors: Wadood S. A. , Liang Kevin , Zhou Yiyu , Yang Jing , Alonso M. A. , Qian X.-F. , Malhotra T. , Hashemi Rafsanjani S. M. , Jordan Andrew N. , Boyd Robert W. , Vamivakas A. Nick
Published: June 2021

Analyses based on quantum metrology have shown that the ability to localize the positions of two incoherent point sources can be significantly enhanced over direct imaging through the use of mode sorting. Here we theoretically and experimentally investigate the effect of partial coherence on the sub-diffraction limit localization of two sources based on parity sorting. With the prior information of a negative and real-valued degree of coherence, higher Fisher information is obtained than that for the incoherent case. Our results pave the way to clarifying the role of coherence in quantum-limited metrology.
Isotropic topological second-order spatial differentiator operating in transmission mode
Authors: Long Olivia Y. , Guo Cheng , Wang Haiwen , Fan Shanhui
Published: June 2021

Differentiation has widespread applications, particularly in image processing for edge detection. Significant advances have been made in using nanophotonic structures and metamaterials to perform such operations. In particular, a recent work demonstrated a topological differentiator in which the transfer function exhibited a topological charge, making the differentiation operation robust to variations in operating conditions. The demonstrated topological differentiator, however, operates in reflection mode at off-normal incidence and is difficult to integrate into compact imaging systems. In this work, we design a topological differentiator that operates isotropically in transmission mode at normal incidence. The device exhibits an optical transfer function with a symmetry-protected topological charge of

±

2

and performs second-order differentiation. Our work points to the potential of harnessing topological concepts for optical computing applications.
Learning divisive normalization in primary visual cortex
Authors: Burg Max F. , Cadena Santiago A. , Denfield George H. , Walker Edgar Y. , Tolias Andreas S. , Bethge Matthias , Ecker Alexander S.
Published: June 2021

Divisive normalization (DN) is a prominent computational building block in the brain that has been proposed as a canonical cortical operation. Numerous experimental studies have verified its importance for capturing nonlinear neural response properties to simple, artificial stimuli, and computational studies suggest that DN is also an important component for processing natural stimuli. However, we lack quantitative models of DN that are directly informed by measurements of spiking responses in the brain and applicable to arbitrary stimuli. Here, we propose a DN model that is applicable to arbitrary input images. We test its ability to predict how neurons in macaque primary visual cortex (V1) respond to natural images, with a focus on nonlinear response properties within the classical receptive field. Our model consists of one layer of subunits followed by learned orientation-specific DN. It outperforms linear-nonlinear and wavelet-based feature representations and makes a significant step towards the performance of state-of-the-art convolutional neural network (CNN) models. Unlike deep CNNs, our compact DN model offers a direct interpretation of the nature of normalization. By inspecting the learned normalization pool of our model, we gained insights into a long-standing question about the tuning properties of DN that update the current textbook description: we found that within the receptive field oriented features were normalized preferentially by features with similar orientation rather than non-specifically as currently assumed.
Crumbs and the apical spectrin cytoskeleton regulate R8 cell fate in the Drosophila eye
Authors: Pojer Jonathan M. , Saiful Hilmi Abdul Jabbar , Kondo Shu , Harvey Kieran F.
Published: June 2021

The Hippo pathway is an important regulator of organ growth and cell fate. In the R8 photoreceptor cells of the Drosophila melanogaster eye, the Hippo pathway controls the fate choice between one of two subtypes that express either the blue light-sensitive Rhodopsin 5 (Hippo inactive R8 subtype) or the green light-sensitive Rhodopsin 6 (Hippo active R8 subtype). The degree to which the mechanism of Hippo signal transduction and the proteins that mediate it are conserved in organ growth and R8 cell fate choice is currently unclear. Here, we identify Crumbs and the apical spectrin cytoskeleton as regulators of R8 cell fate. By contrast, other proteins that influence Hippo-dependent organ growth, such as the basolateral spectrin cytoskeleton and Ajuba, are dispensable for the R8 cell fate choice. Surprisingly, Crumbs promotes the Rhodopsin 5 cell fate, which is driven by Yorkie, rather than the Rhodopsin 6 cell fate, which is driven by Warts and the Hippo pathway, which contrasts with its impact on Hippo activity in organ growth. Furthermore, neither the apical spectrin cytoskeleton nor Crumbs appear to regulate the Hippo pathway through mechanisms that have been observed in growing organs. Together, these results show that only a subset of Hippo pathway proteins regulate the R8 binary cell fate decision and that aspects of Hippo signalling differ between growing organs and post-mitotic R8 cells.
A hybrid level set model for image segmentation
Authors: Chen Weiqin , Liu Changjiang , Basu Anup , Pan Bin
Published: June 2021

Active contour models driven by local binary fitting energy can segment images with inhomogeneous intensity, while being prone to falling into a local minima. However, the segmentation result largely depends on the location of the initial contour. We propose an active contour model with global and local image information. The local information of the model is obtained by bilateral filters, which can also enhance the edge information while smoothing the image. The local fitting centers are calculated before the contour evolution, which can alleviate the iterative process and achieve fast image segmentation. The global information of the model is obtained by simplifying the C-V model, which can assist contour evolution, thereby increasing accuracy. Experimental results show that our algorithm is insensitive to the initial contour position, and has higher precision and speed.