bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Cyclic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Columns Using Fiber Section Approach
Authors: Vatanshenas Ali
Published: July 2022

This study investigates nonlinear modeling and verification of a reinforced concrete element using the fiber section method. At first, the theory related to the fiber section approach and hysteresis models used for cyclic analysis is given. Then, a reinforced concrete column tested previously in the literature is modeled and simulation results are compared with the test results. An acceptable approximation is made utilizing only a few input parameters: Uniaxial stress-strain curves of the materials, location and length of the plastic hinge, and geometry of the model. Moreover, the axial force-moments interaction curve from Eurocode is compared with the one obtained from the nonlinear model. It is shown that by conducting nonlinear analysis a larger capacity of the element is considered which results in a more realistic and economic design.
Grading Material Properties in 3D Printed Concrete Structures
Authors: Vargas José Hernández , Westerlind Helena , Silfwerbrand Johan
Published: July 2022

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) describe composite materials with a gradual change in properties along one or several axes. A major advantage with this approach is the avoidance of discontinuities between different layers of material. 3D Printing offers the possibility to control the material composition and spatial placement along the printing process to create structures with graded properties. However, there are very few examples of the application of this approach to 3D concrete printing (3DCP). This paper presents a review of the current approaches of and methods to grade the material properties of a 3DCP structure, as well as a review of similar methods used in other 3D printing processes. Finally, the potential applicability of these principles into concrete are presented and discussed.
The Role of Phosphocreatine in the Perconditioning and Postconditioning of Isolated Rat Heart
Authors: Petrovic Tanja Jesic , Gadzieva Luiza , Bolevich Stefani , Omarov Israpil Alisultanovich , Kartashova Marija , Bolevich Sergey
Published: July 2022

The present study strives to assess the cardioprotective role of phosphocreatine as an agent for postconditioning and perconditioning of isolated rat heart.

Rat hearts (n=30) were perfused with a Langendorff apparatus and randomly assigned to three groups subjected to 20 minutes of global ischemia and 30 minutes of reperfusion: control group (untreated rat hearts), postconditioning group (hearts treated with 0.2 mmol/l of phosphocreatine during the first 5 minutes of reperfusion), and perconditioning group (hearts treated with 0.2 mmol/l of phosphocreatine during the first 5 minutes of ischemia). During the experimental protocol, cardiodynamic parameters were evaluated, while oxidative stress parameters such as superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, nitrites and index of lipid peroxidation were determined in coronary venous effluent.

Postconditioning and perconditioning with phosphocreatine improved contractile function, heart rate and coronary flow, while the examined oxidative stress parameters in coronary venous effluent were significantly reduced in groups of treated rat hearts. The results of this study indicate that phosphocreatine has the potential as a therapeutic agent for perconditioning and postconditioning the heart in ischemia reperfusion injury.
Decolorization of a Simulated Reactive Textile Dyeing Effluent using a Plant-derived Coagulant
Authors: Machado Cláudia , Botelho Cidália , Santos Sílvia
Published: July 2022

The ability of a commercial tannin-based coagulant on the decolorization of a simulated textile effluent containing a reactive dye was studied in batch mode. For comparison, two conventional chemical coagulants (aluminum sulfate and Rifloc 6548-organic coagulant) were also tested. Preliminary assays suggested a higher performance of Tanfloc SG and Rifloc coagulants over the metal salt. Optimization assays conducted for Tanfloc SG, indicated a maximum color removal of 86.4%, recorded at a coagulant dosage of 240 mg/L and at pH 7. A decolorization efficiency of 42.4% was found for the optimized dosage of 144 mg/L at pH 9. At this condition, the treatment cost using Tanfloc was estimated as 0.21 EUR/m3, around twice the Rifloc when used at 96 mg/L, generating 81% of treatment efficiency. Rifloc outperformed Tanfloc, and its use also seemed to be more economical but may have negative impacts on the environment. However, Tanfloc still showed promising results and presented a better performance in terms of sedimentation velocity and floc size.
Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions Associated With High-Dose Lamotrigine for Mood Disorders: A Case Series
Authors: Clark Abigale , St. Clair Blake
Published: July 2022

Drug-induced Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS), Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) are rare but life-threatening immune-mediated drug reactions known as Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (SCARs). These severe drug reactions have been associated with many commonly prescribed medications, including sulfonamides, allopurinol, carbamazepine, and several antiepileptic drugs including lamotrigine.1 Although the risk of these adverse events is recognized by many medical providers, the risk may be overlooked when prescribing lamotrigine for mood disorders.  Review of the literature and the experience of these cases suggest that the risk of lamotrigine-associated SCARs is increased when starting lamotrigine at high initial doses. Here we present and discuss two cases of SCARs attributed to high-dose lamotrigine prescribed for mood disorders. A third patient also presented with a SCAR related to high-dose lamotrigine prescribed for a mood disorder during this time but was lost to follow-up and was not reachable. All three patients presented to our hospital system from 2019-2020. Due to this clinical experience, we recommend that pharmacists and prescribers alike be alerted of the risk of severe cutaneous drug reactions when lamotrigine is prescribed, particularly at initial doses greater than 25 mg.
Impact of Geometry Dimension on Quality Factor and Mass-Sensitivity of PZT Thin Film-Based MicroCantilevers
Authors: Chi Nguyen Thi Quynh , Minh Nguyen Duc , Hung Vu Ngoc
Published: July 2022

The impact of the piezoelectric cantilever geometry and resonant mode on the quality factor and mass-sensitivity were investigated. The piezoelectric cantilevers with Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) as an active layer were fabricated based on MEMS technology. The PZT thin films were grown on the silicon-on-insulator substrates by pulsed laser deposition. It is shown that the resonant frequency of a defined vibration mode is inversely proportional to the length squared of the piezoelectric cantilever. The experimental results indicated that a shorter cantilever length will contribute to a larger quality factor. The cantilever quality factor has values in a range of 190 to 505, depending on the length and resonant mode. The mass-sensitivity increases when the cantilever length decreases and reaches the highest value of 37.6 Hz/pg for the 100-µm-long cantilever. High-mode vibration was successfully exhibited for the higher mass-detection sensitivity.
Fabrication and Characteristics of Silica Nanoparticle Monolayer Assembled by Spin Coating
Authors: Lan Nguyen Thi Thanh , Hoang Chu Manh
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we report on a process for fabricating silica nanoparticle monolayer based on chemical synthesis and spin-coating. Spherical silica nanoparticles were synthesized by Stöber method using tetraethylorthosilicate as precursor. Close-packed silica nanoparticle monolayer was realized by optimizing the speed of spin-coating. Based on analyzing field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) images, the average diameter of silica spheres was determined and found of about 196 nm, with a standard deviation approximately ± 40 nm. The reflectance for the silicon substrate with spherical silica nanoparticle monolayers has been experimentally investigated at various spin-coating speeds. The experimental results are compared to those obtained from simulation data. The obtained results are useful for developing substrates having nanostructures for various applications in photonics and plasmonics.

Keywords: Silica nanoparticles, Stöber method, spin coating, self-assembled monolayer
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity Using Near Visible Light of ZnO Nanorods by Doping with Mn2+ Ions
Authors: Hoai Nhon Luong , Huu Khoa Nguyen , Thi Ngoc Huyen Lai , Hung Quang Huynh , Tan Muon Dinh , Ngoc Phuong Nguyen , Cong Khanh Tran , Bach Thang Phan , Vinh Quang Dang
Published: July 2022

ZnO is a promising photocatalyst for photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds under the influence of sunlight that provides clean energy and decomposes sustainable organic pollutants substances. ZnO is found to have non-toxic properties, long-term stability, high carrier mobility, low cost and biocompatibility. However, some disadvantages of ZnO limit its use in photocatalysis. Due to its wide bandgap, ZnO can only be activated under UV illumination. On the other hand, the photo-excited electron-hole pairs that recombine quickly on ZnO surface, suppress its photocatalytic properties. To improve its properties and performance, doping with transition metals was used to improve the optical properties of ZnO. Among the transition metal ions, Manganese (Mn) was commonly used to improve and tune the optical, electrical, diameter, height, and the number of nanorods (NRs) per unit area. Introduction of Mn into ZnO could enhance the photocatalytic activity due to the increase in the defect sites that effectively decreased the recombination of free electrons and holes. This study successfully synthesized ZnO nanorod arrays generated on glass substrates with different concentrations of doping Mn (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2%) at 100 °C by a simple hydrothermal method. To investigate the structure, morphology and optical properties, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted. With the range of Mn doping ≤ 2% mol, the band gap reduced slightly, and the most optimized Mn doping concentration was of 0.5%. Overall, this work shows that the most effective way to increase ZnO’s photocatalytic activity in the visible region by reducing its band gap was the reduction in the size of the material or denaturation of ZnO by certain metals or non-metals.
Free Vibration and Bending of Gradient Auxetic Plate Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Cong Pham Hong , Tung Vu Dinh , Hai Do Duc , Khoa Nguyen Dinh
Published: July 2022

In recent years, there has been a new approach to the material industry that uses sandwich structures with auxetic honeycomb cores with the interesting property of negative Poisson's ratios. In this paper, the Finite Element Method (in ANSYS) is used to investigate natural frequency of vibration and bending characteristics under varying pressure loads applied on the top skin when changing fundamental properties of some gradient configurations, including angular gradient, thickness gradient and functional gradient configurations of the auxetic plate with honeycomb structure. Thereby, the advantages of each configuration are investigated, studied, and obtained; therefore, it is expected to be applied in various industry sectors, such as wind turbine blades, aircraft wings, among others.
Pengaruh Kompos, Bahan Humat dari Batubara tidak produktif dan Pupuk Buatan Terhadap Bibit Kakao (Theobroma cacao) pada Oxisol
Authors: Dewi rezki  , Siska Efendi  , Herviyanti
Published: July 2022

Organic matter has a very important role in determining the level of soil fertility, especially in marginal soils such as Oxisol which is widespread in Indonesia. Organic matter that is commonly used requires large amounts and has the ability to react relatively slowly in the soil. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts to obtain organic material that reacts quickly in the soil, such as humic material extracted from lignite. In this study, cocoa (Theobroma cacao) was used as an indicator plant. Cocoa is one of the plantation commodities that has a fairly important role in the national economy, especially as foreign exchange for the country and has a relatively stable price. This research was conducted in the form of a pot experiment using a 2 x 4 x 4 factorial design with 3 replications in a divided plot design, so that 32 treatments and 96 experimental units were obtained. From the research results obtained data that the addition of humic materials and compost up to a dose of 4% C-organic combined with artificial fertilizers can increase the availability of nutrients for cocoa seedlings in Oxisol. The best dose of each treatment was the addition of humic material at a dose of 4% C-organic combined with artificial fertilizer 50% of the recommendation and the addition of compost at a dose of 4% C-organic combined with artificial fertilizer 50% of the recommendation. The addition of organic matter can reduce the use of artificial fertilizers up to 50% of the recommendation. The addition of humic materials from unproductive coal can increase the availability of nutrients in Oxisol. Unproductive coal has the potential to increase Oxisol soil fertility.
The Use of Lime as A Coagulant or A Coagulant Aid With Alum in Turbidity Removal
Authors: Hasan Mohammed S. , Al-Tamir Mus’ab A.
Published: July 2022

This study revealed the efficiency of using lime as a coagulant and coagulant aid with alum in turbidity removal when it used with medium and high initial turbidity levels (100, 500) ntu with dosage of (10, 40) mg/l respectively with alum dosage of 20 mg/l, It not recommended to use lime with low turbidity limits of (25) ntu and lower. Also the used of lime with alum improved the settling time especially in high limits of turbidity. A mathematical relationship was developed variables including in the study to determine the residual turbidity by using stepwise regression analysis.
Helena no Egito sem eídōlon: Estesícoro e os Retornos de Ágias de Trezeno em Heródoto 2. 111-120
Authors: Campos Rogério Gimenes de
Published: July 2022

Heródoto, no episódio do reinado de Proteu, descreve a estadia de Helena no Egito, tema parcialmente derivado de Estesícoro de Himera. Mesmo sem citar Estesícoro ou o eídōlon (ídolo) de Helena, Heródoto apresenta versão parcialmente similar à estesicórica ao afirmar que Helena nunca estivera em Troia e que permaneceu retida junto a Proteu no Egito (Hdt. 2.112-120). Heródoto, ao reabilitar a reputação de Helena através de uma narrativa racional e de uma sofisticada interpretação de Homero, elabora uma versão que acolhe elementos estesicóricos, evitando a citação explícita ao eídōlon (ídolo) de Helena, e usa um elemento proveniente dos Retornos de Ágias de Trezeno, especificamente Menelau aportando no Egito depois do saque de Troia. Nossa interpretação resgata o resumo de Proclo (Procl. Chrest. 277-293) para os Retornos de Ágias e a indicação de Dião Crisóstomo (D.Chr.11, 40-42) acerca de outras tradições poéticas atreladas ao episódio de Helena no Egito, ambos índices da proximidade de Heródoto com esses poetas e com o Ciclo troiano.
Le discours sur la théorie de la langue littéraire en Tchécoslovaquie
Authors: Chobotovà Kateřina
Published: July 2022

La théorie de la langue littéraire a toujours joué un rôle important dans l’histoire de la nation tchèque, notamment parce qu’elle sert souvent les intérêts politiques. La notion de langue littéraire se développe tout au long du XXème siècle et ses différentes acceptions seront analysées dans notre article. La langue littéraire au sens néogrammairien équivaut à une langue artificielle, stable et invariable dans le temps. Celle au sens puriste est délimitée par sa forme correcte, débarrassée de tout emprunt d’origine étrangère. C’est dans la notion de Josef Zubatý et Václav Ertl que la langue littéraire s’approche de l’usage quotidien. Au sens structuraliste, la langue littéraire se définit par sa fonction, son but. Elle est conçue comme une langue apte à exprimer la vie culturelle et scientifique d’une façon cultivée et intellectuelle, employée conformément à la situation communicative. Les structuralistes considéraient la langue littéraire comme un système à part, délimité par rapport aux dialectes géographiques, réservé à la «classe» des intellectuels. L’intervention de Staline dans la linguistique en 1950 exigera une modification de la notion. En analysant le discours sur la notion de langue littéraire, nous montre-rons le lien étroit entre cette théorie linguistique et les intérêts politiques à travers la première moitié du XXème siècle.
Apparition impossible : Emmanuelle Béart et l’affaire des sans papiers. Une sociologie énonciative de l’espace public
Authors: Gonzalez Philippe , Skuza Krysztof
Published: July 2022

Cet article propose une analyse sociologique, sensible à la phénoménologie de l’espace public et à l’énonciation, de l’apparition publique d’Emmanuelle Béart dans le contexte de l’affaire dite « des sans-papiers de Saint-Bernard ». Tentant d’esquisser les pistes d’une approche sociologique de la place de l’émotion au sein de l’espace public, l’article propose une relecture critique de la phénoménologie politique de Hannah Arendt et une analyse dumatériau empirique de l’intervention d’Emmanuelle Béart sur le plateau du journal télévisé de France 2, au soir du 23 août 1996. L’analyse multimodale de l’interaction, des catégories mobilisées et de l’énonciation, fait apparaître l’indignation et la honte comme des émotions morales et non plus singulières, dont la communicabilité sert de vecteur d’universalisation et d’appartenance collective. L’article débouche sur une proposition de compréhensionalternative et complémentaire du public, en regard de la définition arendtienne, inspirée par les écrits de W. Lippmann et de J. Dewey.
Quelques pistes et jalons pour une approche réflexive de l’élaboration des corpus en analyse des discours et de la communication publics........................................
Authors: Jacquin Jérôme
Published: July 2022

Cette contribution entend problématiser la question de l’élaboration des corpus en analyse des discours et de la communication publics. En lieu et place d’une discussion théorique du problème, je propose d’aborder la question d’une manière à la fois pratique (par la description relativement factuelle d’une expérience concrète) et réflexive (par la problématisation des étapes de constitution et donc des choix et contraintes que cette pratique implique). Le corpus et les données apparaîtront ainsi comme des construits que le chercheur élabore de manière à assurer leur fonction de transparence (leur capacité à rendre compte d’un « réel »). Il s’agira par conséquent de penser les dimensions (corpus projeté, corpus réalisé et corpus consolidé) et les étapes (principalement le recueil et la confection des données) impliquées par cette élaboration.
"Disembedded" Buddhism in a Techno-Global Cosmology: The Case of Spike Jonze’s Film Her (2013)
Authors: Barker Jesse
Published: July 2022

This essay explores the subtle but key influence of Buddhist ideas in Spike Jonze’s highly successful 2013 film Her, which reflects the currents of disembedded Buddhism woven through ostensibly non-Buddhist cultural spaces and texts, engaging with contemporary social concerns. In Her they manifest most surprisingly in the character of Samantha, an artificially-intelligent consciousness that transcends the limitations of ego-based thought. Like the Buddha, Samantha has capacities that extend beyond the reach of ordinary humans, and by imagining these extraordinary powers of thought we are provided a glimpse of an absolute reality beyond our experience of the everyday. In this sense Her’s techno-global cosmology parallels miraculous aspects of the Buddha that are embedded in premodern cosmologies.
Impacto social y psicológico del COVID-19 en el personal sanitario. Caso Ecuador
Authors: Bermejo Cayamcela Deysi Magali , Alvarez Ochoa Robert , Lliguisupa Peláez Verónica Del Rocío , Pesántez Beltrán Diego José , Zhindón Arévalo César Edmundo
Published: July 2022

La pandemia por COVID 19 llegó a constituirse un problema de salud mundial.  En este marco, el personal sanitario enfrenta grandes desafíos, surgiendo varios factores estresantes y riesgos para su salud física como mental. Con el objetivo de conocer el impacto social y psicológico en el personal sanitario de primera línea que enfrenta la emergencia sanitaria por COVID-19, se realizó un estudio de tipo cualitativo, mediante entrevista activa con guion flexible a través de medios digitales a funcionarios que laboran en la primera línea de atención frente a la COVID-19, de las provincias de Cañar y Pichincha, Ecuador. Los datos fueron analizadas a través del método hermenéutico. Se identificaron las principales narrativas relacionadas con las vivencias del personal de salud en su lucha frente a la COVID-19. El personal sanitario ante los turnos extensos, escasez de insumos y un sistema de salud al borde del colapso, manifiesta miedo de contraer el SARS-CoV-2 y contagiar a sus seres queridos, dificultad para conciliar el sueño, fatiga al final de su jornada laboral y afectación a nivel de su salud mental. Concluyendo, el bienestar psicológico y prevención de enfermedades mentales debe ser una de las principales prioridades a la hora de afrontar la COVID-19.
Conductas disruptivas en niños y niñas de Educación Inicial
Authors: Zambrano Wilson Alexander , Uribe Veintimilla Ana María , Tomalá Chavarría Mónica
Published: July 2022

Los estilos de crianza parental conforman dinámicas de interacción en el entorno familiar que determinan las primeras conductas con las que interactúan los niños. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar la presencia de conductas disruptivas en niños y niñas de educación inicial en los cantones de Santa Elena y La Libertad. El aspecto metodológico se desarrolló desde un enfoque cuantitativo, investigación de tipo descriptivo, bajo un diseño no experimental, la población de estudio corresponde a madres de niños de 2 a 3 años que se benefician del programa de educación inicial en Centros de Desarrollo Infantil y niños de 4 años que pertenecen a instituciones de Educación Básica de estos cantones; el tipo de muestreo fue no probabilístico intencional; en este sentido, la muestra quedó conformada por 70 madres de niños que presentan características de conductas disruptivas con edades comprendidas entre 2 a 4 años, a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta tipo cuestionario desarrollado por los investigadores, es un instrumento de evaluación tipo psicométrico, que ha sido validado a través de juicio de expertos. Los resultados concluyen que las variables sociodemográficas como edad y sexo sí evidencian relación en la manifestación del comportamiento disruptivo, observándose un mayor porcentaje de alteraciones comportamentales en el sexo masculino, de igual manera se evidencia mayor prevalencia en niños menores de 4 años.
Implementing an anonymized and scaffolded search at a primarily undergraduate institution
Authors: Reisner Barbara , Amenta Donna , Blumling Daniel , Hagmaier Jill , Hughey Christine , Liu Qingsheng , Sumner Isaiah , Watkins Linette
Published: July 2022

In 2021, the JMU Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry conducted a search for tenure track and renewable term appointment faculty. The search was anonymized and scaffolded to attract a diverse and highly qualified candidate pool and minimize bias during the hiring process. The department attracted a broad pool through national and targeted advertising. Candidates submitted a cover letter and curriculum vita which were redacted and reviewed using a rubric. Candidates who addressed the criteria in the job advertisement were invited to submit anonymized teaching and diversity statements (all candidates) and research statements (tenure track candidates) which were also reviewed using a rubric. Candidates who scored highly were invited to participate in a masked phone interview, and the top applicants were brought to campus for on site interviews. This process produced a candidate pool that became more diverse as the search continued. In this paper we describe the philosophy of the search process, describe how it was implemented, and provide recommendations for programs that wish to employ a similar process.
Invisible Bactericidal Coatings on Generic Surfaces through A Convenient Hand Spray
Authors: Valinton Joey Andrew A. , Kurniawan Alfin , Jhang Ren-Huai , Pangilinan Christian R. , Lee Che-Hsin , Chen Chun-Hu
Published: July 2022

Robust antimicrobial coatings featuring high transparency, strong bactericidal activity, and easy application procedure on generic surfaces can be widely accepted by the public to prevent pandemics. In this work, we demonstrated the hand sprayer-based approach to deposit complex oxide coatings composed of Co-Mn-Cu-Zn-Ag on screen protectors of smartphones through acidic redox-assisted deposition (ARD). The as-obtained coatings possess high transparency (99.74% transmittance at 550 nm) and long-lasting durability against swiping (for 135 days of average use) or wet cleaning (for 33 days of thrice-a-day routine). The spray coating enabling 3.14% E. coli viability can further be reduced to 0.21% through a consistent elemental composition achieved via the immersion method. The high intake of Cu2+ in the coating is majorly responsible for bactericidal activity, and the presence of Ag+ and Zn2+ is necessary to achieve almost complete eradication. The success of extending the bactericidal coatings on other typical hand-touched surfaces (e.g. stainless steel railings, rubber handrails, and plastic switches) in public areas has been demonstrated.
Comprehensive Evaluation of End-Point Free Energy Techniques in Carboxylated-Pillar[6]arene Host-guest Binding: I. Standard Procedure
Authors: Liu Xiao , Zheng Lei , Qin Chu , Zhang John Z.H. , Sun Zhaoxi
Published: July 2022

Despite the massive application of end-point free energy methods in protein-ligand and protein-protein interactions, computational understandings about their performance in relatively simple and prototypical host-guest systems are limited. In this work, we present a comprehensive benchmark calculation with standard end-point free energy techniques in a recent host-guest dataset containing 13 host-guest pairs involving the carboxylated-pillar[6]arene host. We first assess the charge schemes for solutes by comparing the charge-produced electrostatics with many ab initio references, in order to obtain a preliminary albeit detailed view of the charge quality. Then, we focus on four modelling details of end-point free energy calculations, including the docking procedure for the generation of initial condition, the charge scheme for host and guest molecules, the water model used in explicit-solvent sampling, and the end-point methods for free energy estimation. The binding thermodynamics obtained with different modelling schemes are compared with experimental references, and some practical guidelines on maximizing the performance of end-point methods in practical host-guest systems are summarized. Finally, we compare our simulation outcome with predictions in the grand challenge and discuss further developments to improve the prediction quality of end-point free energy methods.
The cost of direct air capture and storage: the impact of technological learning, regional diversity, and policy.
Authors: Young John , McQueen Noah , Charalambous Charithea , Foteinis Spyros , Hawrot Olivia , Ojeda Manuel , Pilorgé Hélène , Andresen John , Psarras Peter , Renforth Phil , Garcia Susana , van der Spek Mijndert
Published: July 2022

Direct air capture and storage is a technological solution to removing CO2 from our atmosphere that is deemed necessary to reach climate targets. However, huge question marks remain over the current and future costs. Here, we show the cost of DACS, for four example technologies, of plants built today before we project these costs into the future using technological learning theory. We exhibit that the costs of the first plants will be higher than many figures quoted today, but long-term, this can reduce to $80-600 t-CO2-1 at the Gt-CO2 year-1 technology scale. We also show that intelligent deployment via siting and energy source selection is critical and can save a few thousand dollars per t-CO2-1 for some technologies. Finally, we explore which policies can help create a market, accelerate scale-up, and reduce the long-term costs of direct air capture as a potentially vast future industry.
Rapid and accurate mapping of reaction condition-dependent alloy phase diagrams via Bayesian evolutionary multitasking
Authors: Han Shuang , Lysgaard Steen , Vegge Tejs , Hansen Heine Anton
Published: July 2022

Many global optimization tasks have partially or completely shared search spaces. This is particularly common in computational heterogeneous catalysis, where catalysts are optimized to their lowest-energy configurations under various idealized chemical conditions to construct phase diagrams. If each task represents the global optimization under a unique reaction condition, all tasks essentially shares the same configurational search space as well as the same black-box function that takes as input the configuration and returns the relaxed energy obtained by an expensive electronic structure calculation. Bayesian optimization represents an efficient paradigm for solving a single global optimization task of an expensive black-box function. Evolutionary multitasking is a newly emerging paradigm for solving multiple global optimization tasks simultaneously. Here we present a Bayesian evolutionary multitasking (BEM) framework combining the best of the two paradigms. As a case study, we aim to derive the phase diagram of Pt-doped Ni nanoparticles covering a wide variety of steam methane reforming conditions. By integrating knowledge such as graph theory and lattice symmetry, the BEM framework as a whole can significantly accelerate the mapping of phase diagrams for very complex heterogeneous systems. The efficient calculation of surface free energies of low index facets in the reactive catalyst environment provides insight into catalyst deactivation through coking and sulfur poisoning.
High-quality AB bilayer graphene films by direct solar-thermal chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Alghfeli Abdalla , Fisher Timothy
Published: July 2022

Mass production of graphene by plasma or thermal chemical vapor deposition consumes much energy with potentially adverse effects on the environment. This work reports the use of a high-flux solar simulator that approximates the sun's spectrum and a cold-wall chemical vapor deposition reactor to demonstrate a renewable energy process for graphene growth. Synthesis of high-quality (I_{D}/I_{G} = 0.13) AB-stacked bilayer graphene with greater than 90% coverage is achieved on commercial polycrystalline copper in a one-step process and short time of 5 min. The graphene exhibits large grain sizes of at least 20 micron with spatial uniformity over a large area up to 20 mm in radius. The transmissivity and sheet resistance of the graphene films fall in the ranges of 92.8-95.3% and 2-4 kOhm/sq. Thus, direct solar capture provides a compelling option for graphene synthesis that can potentially decrease fabrication costs and environmental pollution.
Dynamic Structural Evolution of [Rh(NO)2]+ Complex/Rh Metal Cluster in Zeolite during deNOx via In Situ Formed NH3 under Lean/Rich Periodic Conditions
Authors: Yasumura Shunsaku , Kato Taisetsu , Qian Yucheng , Toyao Takashi , Maeno Zen , Shimizu Ken-ichi
Published: July 2022

The dynamic structural evolution of Rh species in mordenite (MOR) zeolite was investigated using in situ spectroscopic techniques and DFT calculations. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and operando infrared (IR) revealed that metallic Rh species were oxidized to afford isolated [Rh(NO)2]+ species under NO flow at 200°C, whereas small Rh metal clusters is formed under the subsequent H2 flow. Ab initio thermodynamics analysis shows that the plausible structures under NO and H2 at 200°C are [Rh(NO)2]+ and Rh clusters in MOR, which is consistent with the experimental observations. A comparative study of Rh-loaded Al2O3 suggests that Al sites in MOR increase the thermodynamic stability of isolated Rh+ species and thus prevent their overoxidation to Rh2O3 under NO. NO capture in the form of [Rh(NO)2]+ and its selective reduction toward NH3 under H2 flow were observed by in situ IR measurements. The RhMOR catalyst exhibited ~60% of NOx conversion above 200°C under periodic lean/rich conditions. Transition state calculations showed that the activation barrier for NO reduction to NH3 on [Rh(NO)2]+ (178 kJ/mol) is higher than that for Rh13 (156 kJ/mol), suggesting that Rh metal clusters are preferable NH3 formation sites, where the Rh13-catalyzed NO reduction into N2 and N2O was less preferable than NH3 formation, which is consistent with the experimental results. Combined with operando IR experiments under lean (NO + O2) and rich (NO + H2) conditions, we show that the reversible dynamic structural evolution of Rh species ([Rh(NO)2]+  Rh metal clusters under lean and rich conditions) is a key mechanistic feature for unsteady-state de-NOx via the capture of NO, its selective reduction to NH3, and the selective reduction of NO with NH3 formed in situ.
Electric fields drive bond homolysis
Authors: Zhang Boyuan , Schaack Cedric , Prindle Claudia , Vo Ethan , Aziz Miriam , Steigerwald Michael , Berkelbach Timothy , Nuckolls Colin , Venkataraman Latha
Published: July 2022

Electric fields have been used to control and direct chemical reactions in biochemistry and enzymatic catalysis, yet directly applying external electric fields to activate reactions in bulk solution and to characterize them ex situ remains a challenge. Here we utilize the scanning tunneling microscope-based break-junction technique to investigate the electric field driven homolytic cleavage of the radical initiator 4-(methylthio)benzoic peroxyanhydride at ambient temperatures in bulk solution, without the use of co-initiators or photochemical activators. Through ex-situ quantification by high performance liquid chromatography and UV-vis analysis as a function of time, we find that the electric field catalyzes the reaction. Importantly, we demonstrate that the solvent strongly influences the reaction in a field, and we discover a suggestive relationship between solvent dielectric constant and reaction rate. Using density functional theory calculations, we show that the applied electric field decreases the dissociation energy of the O-O bond and stabilizes the product relative to the reactant due to their different dipole moments.
Assessing survival and prescription of injury establishment in forensic medical practice (literature review)
Authors: Erhard N.M. , Biliakov А.М. , Volobuiev O.E.
Published: July 2022

Determining the prescription of organ and tissue damage in forensic practice is of pivotal role in establishing an objective picture of the facts and circumstances. Nowadays, when the latest research methods and modern laboratory and instrumental equipment appear, there is a need to improve forensic diagnostics to establish the prescription of injuries. Although experts and scientists are trying to invent new methods and techniques for diagnosing the age of injury, this area of research will not lose relevance, given the complexity of solving problems. The purpose of this work is to analyze literature data on the use of various diagnostic methods in forensic practice to establish the prescription of injuries and assessing survival. In our study we analyzed scientific papers and data of international scientific literature on the problem of various diagnostic methods in forensic practice to establish the prescription of injuries and assessing survival. Methods used: scientific research, analytical and generalizing. The authors cite publications that set out the methods and criteria to address this issue. In particular, promising areas of application of histological, immunohistochemical methods, postmortem computed tomography are shown. The issues of establishing the prescription of cranio-cerebral injuries are considered. The role of manifestations of the body's systemic response to trauma, in particular, the neuroendocrine system, is also shown. Examples of the use of non-ischemic heart disease to diagnose the duration of dying are given.  The role of tropopnin I, creatine kinase, brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) in the diagnosis of the duration of the traumatic process is shown. Based on a review of the literature, the authors conclude that new methods and criteria for assessing survival and prescription of injuries in forensic practice in order to unify the results of the study and avoid diagnostic errors are promising.
Sanitary and hygienic characteristics of potassium stearate as a source of anthropogenic pollution of water reservoirs
Authors: Lototska O.V. , Krytska H.A. , Kucher S.V.
Published: July 2022

Monitoring of surface water quality indicates deterio­ration of its quality due to anthropogenic pollution. Among them, potassium stearate (PS) occupies a prominent place. The purpose of the study is to substantiate regulations of potassium stearate in the water of reservoirs on the basis of sanitary and hygienic assessment of potassium stearate, study its stability and transformation, the impact on the organoleptic properties of water, the sanitary condition, self-cleaning processes and the sanitary condition of reservoirs. Research methods – bibliographic, analytical, statistical, sanitary and hygienic. It was found that the average effective concentration of PS by taste for the threshold of sensation (1 point) was at the level of 6.43 mg/dm3. The intensity of the taste of 1-2 points was maintained for 10 days. Potassium stearate is a hydrolyzing and non-chlorinating substance. As a result of assessing the impact of potassium stearate on the processes of self-purification of water from organic pollution by observing the dynamics of water oxidation, dissolved oxygen concentration and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), the processes of ammonification, nitro- and nitrification, it was found that the limiting potassium stearate for reservoirs is BOD. On the basis of threshold and inactive concentrations by all limiting signs of harmfulness one allows recommending the maximum permissible concentration for potassium stearate at the level of 0.25 mg/dm3. The limiting indicator of harm is sanitary. Comprehensive assessment of the obtained expe­rimental and calculated data by the hygienic rationing of PS in general the water of open reservoirs allows classifing it as the 4th class of danger (practically non-toxic substances).
RUSSIAN-SPEAKING COMMUNITIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences (VASS), Anh Dang Nguyen , Ryazantsev Sergey V. ,   Institute for Demographic Research FCTAS RAS,   MGIMO University, Khramova Marina N. ,   Institute for Demographic Research FCTAS RAS,   MGIMO University, Sivoplyasova Svetlana Yu. ,   Institute for Demographic Research FCTAS RAS
Published: July 2022

The article analyzes the situation of Russian-speaking communities in the countries of Southeast Asia in the period from 2015 to 2021. Particular attention is paid to the situation that has developed as a result of the restrictions imposed due to the coronavirus pandemic. It is shown that, in general, Russians living in the countries of Southeast Asia showed good adaptability to the changed situation. The most difficult period was in the first few months after the announcement of the quarantine. In the future, after the lifting of part of the restrictions on internal movements, as well as due to the presence of remote employment among the majority of Russians living in the countries of Southeast Asia, the situation began to improve. A number of countries have made it possible for foreign nationals to get vaccinated. A characteristic feature of the migration of Russians to the countries of Southeast Asia is that in most cases the main migration trajectories lie in the plane of tourism, that is, "from a tourist to a permanent resident." The largest Russian-speaking communities are currently concentrated in Vietnam and Thailand. Up until the start of the pandemic, there was also an increase in the interest of Russians in such countries of the region as Cambodia, Myanmar, and Singapore. A combination of attractive factors, including a relatively loyal visa regime in most countries of the region, a warm climate throughout the year, and a low cost of living, attract Russians from different regions of Russia. At the same time, in the vast majority of cases, Russians retain their citizenship, as well as real estate and close ties with Russia. Many of them continue to work remotely in their companies and organizations, and additional income is provided by renting out apartments in Russia. The paper concludes that after the end of the pandemic and the lifting of the main restrictions on international travel, the attractiveness of the countries of Southeast Asia for Russians will be quickly restored.
FEATURES OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE EAEU COUNTRIES
Authors:   Institute for Demographic Research FCTAS RAS, Abramyan David M. ,   Евразийская экономическая комиссия
Published: July 2022

The work is devoted to the assessment of the features of the socio-economic development of the countries that are members of the EAEU. The purpose of the work: to describe the current socio-economic situation in the EAEU countries, taking into account its dynamics and the impact of recent events related to restrictive measures to combat the pandemic, as well as to conduct a comparative analysis of the living standard of the population and the main indicators of the labor market. To do this, indicators of socio-economic development were first identified, according to which the features of the socio-economic development of countries were assessed. Then there were assessed the current level of socio-economic development of countries and its dynamics, as well as individual cross-country comparisons were considered. There are some shortcomings in the completeness of statistical data on the socio-economic development of the EAEU countries, which do not allow the cross-country comparisons. First of all, this concerns differences in the methodology for assessing the level of poverty. As a result of the comparison, the leading countries and outsider countries according to socio-economic development were identified.
THE IMPACT OF SLOWING ECONOMIC GROWTH ON ITS ENERGY INTENSITY
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Chuvakhina Larisa G.
Published: July 2022

The article examines the US budget policy, reveals the reasons for the growth of public debt. It is emphasized that, despite the annual persistence of the budget imbalance and the ever-growing public debt, the US economy is gradually emerging from the crisis caused by COVID19. The impossibility of a default in the United States with a very significant public debt can be explained by the peculiarity of the effective mechanism of the US Federal Reserve for the implementation of monetary policy. The financial regulator can issue dollars at any time by buying government bonds. In other words, the United States has the ability to borrow money and repay it in the national currency. The US economic policy is increasingly influenced by the Fed by changing the volume of the money supply through transactions with Treasury bonds. In recent years, there has been a weakening of interest on the part of foreign investors in the acquisition of US debt securities. The presence on the US debt market of such leading financial players as China, OPEC countries, Russia has decreased. This is largely due to geopolitical factors, the situation on the world oil market, and fluctuations in national exchange rates. It is concluded that the influence of the Fed on the economic processes taking place in the current conditions of the development of the world economy is growing.
INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR СOOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF PEACEFUL USES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY BETWEEN RUSSIA AND INDIA
Authors:   MGIMO University, Vinokurova Anastasia E. ,   Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
Published: July 2022

This article explores a framework for cooperation between Russia and India in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy with a view to providing a comprehensive analysis of the international legal acts in this field. The scientific novelty of the research is a reflection of the fact that it is the study in which international legal framework concerning cooperation between Russia and India in the field of nuclear energy are summarized, systematized and analyzed. It is mentioned that the Moscow-New Delhi relationship is based upon mutual needs: Indian energy needs and Russian strategic economic needs. The main agreements for cooperation in the field of peaceful uses of nuclear energy are the Kudankulam nuclear agreement (1988) and the intergovernmental agreement on cooperation in the uses of atomic energy for peaceful purposes (2010). The legal acts on cooperation in the construction of additional nuclear power plant units at Kudankulam site are of special importance. The article finds, moreover, that the increasing of the number of reactors in the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant has been expanding the India-Russian long-term partnership. India continues to view the expansion of its civilian nuclear sector as a critical element in the field of industry and decarbonization. In this regard, developing alternate nuclear fuel resources and civil nuclear cooperation agreements between Russia and India should be concluded.
ANTIMONOPOLY LEGAL REGULATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAW IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors:   MGIMO University, Martirosyan Elen G.
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the legal basis of the general agricultural policy of the European Union as a whole, and the basics of antimonopoly regulation of agricultural trade and market. The work focuses on the issues of monopoly and competition. The relevance of the article stems from the fact that the protection of agriculture and the difficulties in supporting farming is a constant problem of the European Union and at the same time agriculture is one of the fundamental areas for it. Currently, EU agricultural law is aimed at assessing the relationship between world prices and products, and at helping the internal market. The regulations themselves are becoming increasingly precise to identify violations of EU antimonopoly law in a timely manner. However, there are often contradictions between the norms of these acts and the provisions of the antitrust regulations. The food crises faced by the European Union in 2007 and 2010 triggered the need to transform the above-mentioned regulation. For example, there is a certain contradiction between the aspects of Article 39 of the Treaty on European Union defining the main spheres of regulation of the agricultural policy in the European Union, and the provisions of Articles 101 and 102 describing the forms of prohibited market behavior of goods and services producers, which should be examined. It is necessary to identify cases where anticompetitive behavior of agricultural market participants may be acceptable to minimize the possibility of such controversies.
Cultural Traffic and the Making of New Zealand's Veterinary Profession, 1880s-1960s
Authors: Burns Edgar
Published: July 2022

The idea of cultural traffic is used here to deconstruct the story of veterinary professional development in one country: New Zealand. Such analysis elucidates less obvious, less foregrounded elements that have not been integrated into the main narrative of veterinary occupational change. The present assessment reconsiders previously documented instances of cultural traffic across national borders. Although the focus is primarily on veterinary traffic between New Zealand and Australia, this analysis points to broader mobilities of people, practices, and ideas. The study adds to contemporary critique of nation-centric “nation-building” modernisation narratives.