bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PbZrO3‐Based Anti‐Ferroelectric Thin Films for High‐Performance Energy Storage: A Review
Authors: Wang Xianwei , Yang Fei , Yu Kexin , Zhang Bihui , Chen Jingyao , Shi Yujia , Yang Peifan , He Lifang , Li Haonan , Liu Rui , Li Xiaofang , Hu Yanchun , Shang Jun , Yin Shaoqian
Published: April 2023

Energy storage capacitors occupy a large proportion in the pulse power equipment, and they play an important role nowadays. In recent years, anti‐ferroelectric materials have attracted increasing attention of researchers due to their high energy storage density. Compared with the lead‐free anti‐ferroelectric materials, PbZrO3 (PZ)‐based anti‐ferroelectric films are defined as promising electrical energy storage devices for pulsed power systems due to their ultrahigh energy storage density. During the past decade, numerous studies have been reported to develop high‐performance PZ‐based anti‐ferroelectric thin films for electrical energy storage applications. This review focuses on the recent progress of PZ‐based anti‐ferroelectric films for energy storage, and provides various ways, such as element modification (replacing of one element in the ABO3 structure by another element), composite materials (adding secondary phase into PZ films to form composite films), and process improvement (such as the tuning of different bottom electrodes), to improve their energy storage density. Finally, the problems and future development directions of the PZ‐based films are raised.
Flexible Thermoelectrics Based on Plastic Inorganic Semiconductors
Authors: Chen Kang , Wang Longlu , Luo Zhongzhong , Xu Xiuwen , Li Yang , Liu Shujuan , Zhao Qiang
Published: April 2023

Flexible thermoelectrics, including flexible thermoelectric materials and devices, can generate electricity by utilizing the small temperature difference between the human body and surrounding environment, exhibiting great potential for the continuous powering of wearable devices. It has long been assumed that inorganic thermoelectric materials are usually brittle at room temperature except for size‐induced flexibility. Until recently, this perception has been overturned by the discovery of inorganic semiconductors with intrinsic plastic deformability. Herein, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the recently burgeoning plastic inorganic semiconductors in thermoelectrics. First the requirements to thermoelectric materials are introduced by flexible thermoelectrics. Then, the mechanical properties and potential plastic deformation mechanisms at the atomic level of plastic inorganic semiconductors are systematically summarized. Subsequently, the optimization strategies for the mechanical and thermoelectric properties of plastic inorganic semiconductors, such as doping and alloying, are summarized. Furthermore, the advantages of plastic inorganic semiconductors in flexible thermoelectric devices and their potential applications in wearable electronic devices are also highlighted. Finally, the current challenges are presented and future directions are predicted, including high‐throughput screening methods for plastic inorganic semiconductor materials and the development and application of flexible inorganic thermoelectric materials.
2D VOPO4 Pseudocapacitive Ultrafast‐Charging Cathode with Multi‐Electron Chemistry for High‐Energy and High‐Power Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Xing Feifei , Su Feng , Qin Jieqiong , Wen Pengchao , Li Yuejiao , Zhang Liangzhu , Ma Jiaxin , Zheng Shuanghao , Guo Xin , Wu Zhong‐Shuai
Published: April 2023

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are acknowledged to be one major direction for next‐generation energy storage devices. However, the practical applications of LMBs are certainly limited by the low power density and safety issues owing to the lack of high‐capacity pseudocapacitive cathode materials and solid electrolytes. Herein, the rational synthesis of 2D VOPO4 nanosheets with enriched V4+ defects (VOPO4@G‐Air) enabling ultrafast multi‐electron reactions as a high‐capacity pseudocapacitive cathode is reported. Through V4+ defect engineering, the larger polarizationand inhomogeneous multi‐electron reactions are vastly improved, resulting in remarkably fast kinetics. Benefiting from the ultrathin 2D structure and controllably regulated V4+ defect concentration, a high discharge capacity of 313 mA h g−1at 0.1C is achieved, anda large capacity of 116 mA h g−1 is offered at 50C. Finally, utilizing the as‐synthesized VOPO4@G‐Air and a solid‐state electrolyte based on ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (ETPTA‐LiClO4‐SSE) , the assembled solid‐state LMBs (Li||ETPTA‐LiClO4‐SSE||VOPO4) show high energy density of 85.4 Wh kg−1 at 114.5 W kg−1 and high power density of 2.3 kW kg−1 at 45.86 Wh kg−1. Further, the pouch cell unveils extraordinary safety and excellent flexibility. This work provides new insights in the construction of ultrafast and high‐capacity pseudocapacitive cathodes with multi‐electron reactions for solid‐state LMBs.
Accelerated Discovery of Advanced Thermoelectric Materials via Transfer Learning
Authors: Li Mengke , Yuan Hongmei , Luo Yufeng , Ma Xiaoyi , Liu Huijun , Jiang Wentao , Fang Ying
Published: April 2023

Thermoelectric (TE) technology can realize direct conversion of widely distributed heat into useful electricity, which provides a promising route to solve the global energy crisis that is increasingly severe. However, it is extremely complex and time‐consuming to discover advanced TE materials via conventional trial‐and‐error approaches. In this work, using a pre‐trained neural network architecture for the electronic bandgap, a transfer learning (TL) strategy that allows ready and accurate prediction on the ZT values of any TE materials at arbitrary temperature is proposed. Compared with direct machine learning algorithms, the TL‐driven model exhibits significantly enhanced predictive power beyond the initial dataset, as characterized by improved Pearson correlation coefficient (reduced mean absolute error) from 23% to 95% (0.35 to 0.07) for the p‐type systems, and 46% to 94% (0.23 to 0.06) for the n‐type systems. By screening 6353 possible candidates in the AFLOW repository that having relatively smaller gaps, 925 p‐type and 788 n‐type systems are quickly identified to exhibit ZT exceeding 2.0. Equally importantly, the established TL model is highly adaptable to ZT prediction in an even larger search space, where the constituent atoms and/or stoichiometric compositions of the screened systems may be variously tuned to further optimize their TE performance.
Engineering Peculiar Cathode Electrolyte Interphase toward Sustainable and High‐Rate Li–S Batteries
Authors: Qiu Chang‐Ding , Hu Youcheng , Cao Kewei , Wu Xiangjiang , Huang Bi‐Hong , Liu Jin , Wang Yun‐Xiao , Luo Laibing , Gu Dong , Ai Xinping , Cao Yuliang , Chen Shengli , Ke Fu‐Sheng
Published: April 2023

The lithium–sulfur battery is considered to be one of the most promising rechargeable energy storage systems because of its high theoretical energy density. Unfortunately, the shuttle effect during cycling causes serious loss of sulfur species and corrosion of the lithium metal anode, resulting in severe capacity decay. This work proposes to completely suppress the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) without sacrificing the interfacial Li+ transport, through in situ construction of a compact cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI), which is formed of the reaction between vinylene carbonate (VC), bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide ions and LiPSs in a self‐limiting manner during the initial discharge process. Hence, the CEI‐confined sulfur cathode in the VC‐based electrolyte with a solid phase conversion mechanism delivers a long‐term cycling stability and high‐rate performance, as well as excellent performance under an extreme climate in a subzero temperature of −20 °C, limited lithium source with a low N/P ratio of 1.1, and even at mechanical mutilation. The present study reveals an appealing approach to tailor the composition and interfacial structure of sulfur cathodes by in situ construction of a robust, self‐healing, and high Li+ conductive CEI from the aspect of electrolyte, and thus completely solve the issue of the shuttle effect.
C−H Functionalized Molecules: Synthesis, Reaction Mechanism, and Biological Activity
Authors: Tandon Nitin , Thakur Rekha , Tandon Runjhun , Singh Iqubal , Paul Kamaldeep , Ahmad Bhat Aeyaz
Published: April 2023

Replacement of traditionally unreactive C−H bond with C−C or C−X (X=Hetero atom) has emerged as one of the widely accepted methods over the last few decades for the synthesis of complex organic molecules which can act as important intermediates for the synthesis of biologically active compounds. Selective functionalization of the C−H bond especially in the presence of a more reactive C−H bond has remained one of the biggest challenges for synthetic organic chemists. The hybridization state of the C−H bond, substitution pattern, and presence of directive groups are some of the factors which have been exploited by researchers over the years for achieving fruitful results. A considerable amount of work has been reported in the literature on the use of metal catalysts for C−H bond functionalization leading to the formation of a C−M (carbon‐metal) bond which is also known as C−H bond activation. This review aims to summarize various synthetic strategies reported for the C−H functionalization, which has led to the development of targeted complex molecules with medicinal properties.
Impact of multivitamin‐mineral and cocoa extract on incidence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia: Results from the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study for the Mind (COSMOS‐Mind)
Authors: Sachs Bonnie C. , Williams Benjamin J. , Gaussoin Sarah A. , Baker Laura D. , Manson JoAnn E. , Espeland Mark A. , Sesso Howard D. , Shumaker Sally A. , Rapp Stephen R. ,   for the COSMOS‐Mind Research Group
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION

We assessed the effects of multivitamin‐mineral and cocoa extract supplementation on incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and all‐cause probable dementia.

METHODS

COSMOS‐Mind (N = 2262), a 2 × 2 factorial, randomized‐controlled clinical trial administered a telephone‐based cognitive battery at baseline and annually for 3 years. Incidence rates of MCI, and separately dementia, were compared among treatment arms with proportional hazards regression.

RESULTS

Over 3 years, 110 incident MCI and 14 incident dementia cases were adjudicated. Incidence rates did not vary by assignment to multivitamin‐mineral or cocoa extract (all p’s ≥ 0.05); however, statistical power was low. When participants assigned to multivitamin‐mineral versus placebo converted to MCI, their scores for global cognition (p = 0.03) and executive function (p < 0.001) were higher and had declined less relative to the previous year (p = 0.03 for global cognition; p = 0.004 for executive function).

DISCUSSION

Multivitamin‐mineral therapy may provide cognitive resilience, countering conversion to MCI, but not significantly reduce its incidence over 3 years.

Highlights

Multivitamin‐mineral supplementation did not reduce risks for cognitive impairment.

Cocoa extract supplementation did not reduce risks for cognitive impairment.

Multivitamin‐mineral supplementation slowed cognitive declines for incident mild cognitive impairment.
Real‐world evidence on disseminated intravascular coagulation from Japan
Authors: Hisamune Ryo , Mochizuki Katsunori , Yamakawa Kazuma
Published: April 2023

Many descriptive epidemiological and comparative studies using big data have been reported recently from outside Japan. Within Japan, diagnosis procedure combination (DPC) data and medical receipt data are being stored in electronic media, and real‐world evidence in various fields has started to be reported. We reviewed clinical studies on disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) using DPC data obtained from an insurance database with large numbers of cases and a related commercially available dataset including DPC and laboratory data. After DPC was introduced in 2003, 19 studies on DIC using Japanese national DPC data and two studies using the Medical Data Vision database were reported. Epidemiological findings in seven studies showed that the proportion of drugs administered for each underlying disease differed, with antithrombin and recombinant thrombomodulin (rTM) being used more frequently in clinical settings. In 14 comparative studies on anti‐DIC agents, antithrombin for severe pneumonia, postoperative intestinal perforation, and severe burn, and rTM for acute cholangitis were associated with improved survival rates. Large‐scale observational studies using big data can show results similar to those of randomized control trials if the quality of individual research is high. Real‐world data analysis will be increasingly necessary to complement the evidence gap unfilled by randomized control trials.
Hydrogen Isotope Exchange by Homogeneous Iridium Catalysis in Aqueous Buffers with Deuterium or Tritium Gas
Authors: Stork Carla Marie , Weck Remo , Valero Mégane , Kramp Henrik , Güssregen Stefan , Waldvogel Siegfried R. , Sib Anna , Derdau Volker
Published: April 2023

We have studied the highly selective homogeneous iridium‐catalyzed hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) with deuterium or tritium gas as an isotope source in water and buffers. With an improved water‐soluble Kerr‐type catalyst, we have achieved the first insight into applying HIE reactions in aqueous media with varying pH. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations gave consistent insights in the calculated energies of transition states and coordination complexes, further explaining the observed reactivity and guidance on the scope and limitations for HIE reactions in water. Finally, we successfully adapted these findings to tritium chemistry.
Characterization and mechanism of natural rubber composites reinforced by modified calcium sulfate whisker
Authors: Qi Yuanhao , Wu Jinxiu , Qin Sicheng , Liu Zhaogang , Hu Yanhong , Zhang Xiaowei , Li Jianfei , Feng Fushan
Published: April 2023

This study concentrated on the mechanical properties of natural rubber (NR) composites [modified calcium sulfate whisker (MCSW)] and the reinforcement mechanism of MCSW on NR. First, anhydrous CSW with an orthogonal crystal system bottom center structure was prepared by hydrothermal method. Subsequently, MCSW was obtained by treating whiskers with inorganic, organic compounds, which effectively coated the surface of the whiskers with an average thickness of 40.85 nm, making the surface change from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The CSW/MCSW filler was added to the NR under the optimum experimental conditions of 70°C, 12 min, 5 times of rolling, 140°C, and 1 h of curing time. The results showed that the tensile strength, elongation at break, and crosslink density of the NR composites with 15 phr of MCSW added were increased by 80.8%, 9.0%, and 80.2%, respectively, compared with the NR without the filler. The mechanism of MCSW improving the performance of composites was revealed from vulcanization kinetics and interfacial thermodynamics. In this work, a new type of high‐efficiency environmental protection NR filler reinforcing agent was developed.
Efficacy of very early interventions on neurodevelopmental outcomes for infants and toddlers at increased likelihood of or diagnosed with autism: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: McGlade Andrea , Whittingham Koa , Barfoot Jacqui , Taylor Leisa , Boyd Roslyn N.
Published: April 2023

The aim of this systematic review was to determine the efficacy of very early interventions for infants and toddlers at increased likelihood of or diagnosed with autism for autism symptomatology, developmental outcomes and/or neurocognitive markers. Eight databases were searched (14 April 2022) with inclusion criteria: (i) RCTs with care as usual (CAU) comparison group, (ii) participants at increased likelihood of or diagnosed with autism and aged <24 months corrected age (CA), (iii) parent‐mediated and/or clinician directed interventions, and (iv) outcome measures were autism symptomatology, cognition, language, adaptive skills, or neurocognitive assessments (EEG and eye tracking). Quality was assessed using Risk of Bias 2 and GRADE. Nineteen publications from 12 studies reported on 715 infants and toddlers. There was low to moderate certainty evidence that clinician‐assessed outcomes did not show significant treatment effects for: autism symptomatology (ADOS CSS: MD −0.08, 95% CI −0.61, 0.44, p = 0.75), cognitive outcome (Mullen Scales of Early Learning‐Early Learning Composite (MSEL‐ELC): SMD 0.05, 95% CI −0.19, 0.29, p = 0.67), receptive language (MSEL—Receptive Language: SMD 0.04, 95% CI −0.21, 0.3, p = 0.74) or expressive language (MSEL‐Expressive Language: SMD 0.06, 95% CI −0.1, 0.23, p = 0.45). Neurocognitive outcomes (EEG and eye tracking) were heterogeneous, with inconsistent findings. There is low to moderate certainty evidence that very early interventions have limited impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes by age 3 years.
A Long Cycle Life Zinc‐Iodide Flow Battery Enabled by a Multifunctional Low Cost Supporting Electrolyte
Authors: Chakraborty Monalisa , Andreu Teresa , Guc Maxim , Amazian Mohamed , Murcia‐López Sebastián
Published: April 2023

High energy density and cost‐effective zinc‐iodide flow battery (ZIFB) offers great promise for future grid‐scale energy storage. However, its practical performance is hindered by poor cyclability, because of irreversible zinc plating/stripping, slow kinetics of redox reactions, and solid I2 precipitation. Herein, we report NaCl‐supported electrolyte chemistry to address these issues simultaneously. The formation of soluble chloride anions by coordination interactions between Zn2+ and Cl−, are key factor for the improvement of Zn/Zn2+ redox reversibility. While formation of soluble I2Cl− complex stabilizes ZIFB from I2 precipitation, participation of Na+ and K+ as dominant migrating carriers passing through Nafion, restricts Zn2+ migration, thus, blocking electrolyte crossover. A ZIFB with this improved electrolyte stably cycled 100 times with excellent capacity retention and energy efficiency at 20 mA cm−2, while conventional ZIFB shows the trend of capacity fade from 10th cycle onwards. These encouraging results of NaCl‐added electrolyte chemistry enlighten great prospects for high‐performance ZIFB applications.
Economic evaluation of Optilume, a drug‐coated balloon for recurrent anterior male urethral stricture
Authors: Kelly Laura , Shore Judith , Wright James , Patrick Craig , Holmes Hayden
Published: April 2023

Objectives

We aim to conduct an economic evaluation of the Optilume urethral drug‐coated balloon (DCB) compared with endoscopic management for the treatment of recurrent anterior male urethral stricture in England.

Patients and Methods

A cohort Markov model was developed to estimate the costs and savings to the NHS over a 5‐year time horizon of adopting Optilume for the treatment of anterior urethral male stricture versus current endoscopic standard of care. A scenario analysis was conducted which compared Optilume to urethroplasty. Probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analyses were performed to estimate the impact of uncertainties in model parameters.

Results

When compared with current endoscopic standard of care Optilume resulted in an estimated cost saving of £2502 per patient if introduced in the NHS for the treatment of recurrent anterior male urethral stricture. In the scenario analysis, the use of Optilume compared with urethroplasty resulted in an estimated cost saving of £243. Results were robust to changes in individual input parameters as demonstrated in the deterministic sensitivity analyses, with the monthly probability of symptom recurrence associated with endoscopic management the only exception. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis results demonstrated that Optilume was cost saving in 93.4% of model iterations, when running 1000 iterations.

Conclusion

Our analysis suggests that the Optilume urethral DCB treatment can be a cost‐saving alternative management option for the treatment of recurrent anterior male urethral stricture within the NHS in England.
A hidden Markov model for continuous longitudinal data with missing responses and dropout
Authors: Pandolfi Silvia , Bartolucci Francesco , Pennoni Fulvia
Published: April 2023

We propose a hidden Markov model for multivariate continuous longitudinal responses with covariates that accounts for three different types of missing pattern: (I) partially missing outcomes at a given time occasion, (II) completely missing outcomes at a given time occasion (intermittent pattern), and (III) dropout before the end of the period of observation (monotone pattern). The missing‐at‐random (MAR) assumption is formulated to deal with the first two types of missingness, while to account for the informative dropout, we rely on an extra absorbing state. Estimation of the model parameters is based on the maximum likelihood method that is implemented by an expectation‐maximization (EM) algorithm relying on suitable recursions. The proposal is illustrated by a Monte Carlo simulation study and an application based on historical data on primary biliary cholangitis.
Impact of coronary artery disease on clinical outcomes after TAVR: Insights from the BRAVO‐3 randomized trial
Authors: Feldman Daniel , Cao Davide , Sartori Samantha , Zhang Zhongjie , Hengstenberg Christian , Tron Christophe , Anthopoulos Prodromos , Widder Julian D. , Meneveau Nicolas , Stella Pieter R. , Ferrari Markus , Jeger Raban , Violini Roberto , Dumonteil Nicolas , Chen Shiwei , Yan Ruiqi , Nicolas Johny , Razuk Victor , Spirito Alessandro , Vogel Birgit , Mehran Roxana , Dangas George
Published: April 2023

Objective

To determine the prognostic impact of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients randomized to bivalirudin or unfractionated heparin (UFH) during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Background

CAD is a common comorbidity among patients undergoing TAVR and studies provide conflicting data on its prognostic impact.

Methods

The Bivalirudin on Aortic Valve Intervention Outcomes‐3 (BRAVO‐3) randomized trial compared the use of bivalirudin versus UFH in 802 high‐surgical risk patients undergoing transfemoral TAVR for severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. Patients were stratified according to the presence or absence of history of CAD as well as periprocedural anticoagulation. The coprimary endpoints were net adverse cardiac events (NACE; a composite of all‐cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, or major bleeding) and major Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) bleeding ≥3b at 30 days postprocedure.

Results

Among 801 patients, 437 (54.6%) had history of CAD of whom 223 (51.0%) received bivalirudin. There were no significant differences in NACE (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69–1.58) or BARC ≥ 3b bleeding (adjusted OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.51–1.39) in patients with vs without CAD at 30 days. Among CAD patients, periprocedural use of bivalirudin was associated with similar NACE (OR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.47–1.35) and BARC ≥ 3b bleeding (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.33–1.25) compared with UFH, irrespective of history of CAD (p‐interaction = 0.959 for NACE; p‐interaction = 0.479 for major bleeding).

Conclusion

CAD was not associated with a higher short‐term risk of NACE or major bleeding after TAVR. Periprocedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin did not show any advantage over UFH in patients with and without CAD.
The Synergistic Promotion Effect of In‐situ Formed Metal Cationic Vacancies and Interstitial Metals on Photocatalytic Performance of WO3 in CO2 Reduction
Authors: Chen Mingfeng , Mao Yunhang , Zhang Haotian , Ren Manman , Wu Daiqun , Zhao Xin , Tu Weixia
Published: April 2023

Microstructure modulation of photocatalysts is an effective way to improve photocatalytic performances. The synergistic effect of metal cationic vacancies and interstitial metals on photocatalysts is rarely studied. In‐situ formations of metal cationic vacancies and interstitial metals are achieved in WO3 via acid treatments, resulting from the migration of metal impurities in WO3. Characterizations of structures, components, photo‐responsive and photoelectric properties identify the differences of WO3 photocatalysts via different treatments. The presence of both metal cationic vacancies and interstitial metal impurities exhibits the positive synergistic effect in photocatalytic reaction. Photocatalytic activities in CO2 reduction are enhanced with the high production rates of CO and CH4. Experimental characterizations of WO3 photocatalysts indicate the increased photoinduced electrons and photocurrent intensities, and the decreased electrochemical impedances. Theoretical simulations confirm the changes of electronic structures of WO3. The calculated band gaps of WO3 after acid treatment decrease and the defect energy levels form, which favor the separation and the transfer of photoinduced carriers for the promotion of photocatalytic activities. To utilize the dissolution difference of metals is feasible to fabricate metal cationic vacancies and interstitial metals simultaneously, an option for other metal‐containing photocatalysts with the in‐situ introduced impurities.
Spontaneous Chiral Resolution of a MnIIISpin‐Crossover Complex with High Temperature 80 K Hysteresis
Authors: Kelly Conor T. , Jordan Ross , Felton Solveig , Müller‐Bunz Helge , Morgan Grace G.
Published: April 2023

Non‐centrosymmetric spin‐switchable systems are of interest for their prospective applications as magnetically active non‐linear optical materials and in multiferroic devices. Chiral resolution of simple spin‐crossover chelate complexes into the Δ and Λ forms offers a facile route to homochiral magnetic switches, which could be easily enantiomerically enriched. Here, we report the spontaneous resolution of a new hysteretic spin‐crossover complex, [MnIII(sal2323)]SCN ⋅ EtOH (1), into Δ and Λ forms, without the use of chiral reagents, where sal2323 is a Schiff base resulting from condensation of 1,2‐bis(3‐aminopropylamino)ethane with 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde. The enantiopurity of the Δ and Λ isomers was confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction and circular dichroism. Quantum chemistry calculations were used to investigate the electronic structure. The opening of a wide 80 K thermal hysteresis window at high temperature highlights the potential for good magneto‐optical function at ambient temperature for materials of this type.
Capillary‐Bridge Controlled Patterning of BTR:PC71BM Bulk Heterojunction Micro Arrays towards High‐Performance Photodetector
Authors: Yue Yuchen , Su Zhaoqing , Zheng Bing , Huo Lijun , Wang Jingxia , Jiang Lei
Published: April 2023

The patterning strategy of organic semiconductors is a crucial issue for integrated circuit. However, due to the uncontrollable liquid dewetting, most of the research is mainly focused on the patterning of single component, few works have been done on the patterning of multi‐component or heterojunction, which play an important role in optoelectronic devices. Therefore, a capillary‐bridge strategy was introduced for patterning of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) micro‐arrays, with liquid crystalline BTR and PC71BM utilized as donor and acceptor, respectively. The BTR:PC71BM arrays presented hierarchical morphology with suitable phase separation, which contributes to the efficient charge generation and transport. Moreover, the photodetector exhibited excellent performance with the light on/off ratio greater than 2000, the responsivity of 40.57 A W−1, and specific detectivity of 2.15×1012 Jones. Such progress demonstrates that the capillary‐bridge strategy is a promising approach for the fabrication of high‐quality BHJ micropatterns arrays.
Fe(III)‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of 1,4‐Diols†
Authors: Li Junlin , Liu Jinxian , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming
Published: April 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Aerobic oxidation has been catching more and more attention because of its atom economy and environmental friendliness. Oxidation of diols is a challenge due to various oxidative products. Thus, highly selective aerobic oxidation affording specific products is of current interest. In this work, a combination of Fe(NO3)3·9H2O/TEMPO/KCl catalysis has been identified as an efficient recipe for the aerobic oxidation of 1,4‐diols affording γ‐butyrolactones under mild conditions. The reaction exhibits decent chemo‐ and regioselectivity of symmetrical and unsymmetrical 1,4‐diols. The optically active γ‐lactones may also be prepared from optically active 1,4‐diols without erosion of the ee via this method. Furthermore, this approach was successfully applied to synthesize NBP, a commercial drug.
Spherical Nucleic Acid‐Amplified Digital Flow Cytometric Bead Assay for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Protein and Exosome†
Authors: Shi Jingjing , Sun Yuanyuan , Fan Wenjiao , Ren Wei , Liu Chenghui
Published: April 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Most conventional digital bioassays rely on the use of fully‐sealed microchambers as independent units to compartmentalize the target molecules and the signal generation reaction, which require specialized equipment or proprietary reagents/consumables. Herein, we report a microchamber‐free and spherical nucleic acid (SNA)‐amplified digital flow cytometric bead assay (dFBA) for ultrasensitive protein and exosome analysis with simple workflows, easily accessible instruments/reagents, and high discriminating ability towards the fluorescence‐positive and fluorescence‐negative beads. In this dFBA, microbeads are employed as independent carriers to anchor the single target molecule‐initiated signal amplification reaction, avoiding the use of sealed droplets or microwell microchambers. Meanwhile, antibody‐functionalized SNAs (FSNAs) with a high density of DNA probes act as a bridge for efficiently amplified target‐to‐DNA signal conversion, which allows the use of DNA‐based rolling circle amplification (RCA) as the fluorescence signal amplification technique to quantify non‐nucleic acid targets. Even a single target‐induced on‐bead RCA and fluorescence enriching are sufficient to make the target‐loaded bead bright enough to be clearly discriminated from the negative ones just by use of a most common flow cytometer (FCM). This dFBA has successfully realized the digital analysis of ultralow levels of protein and exosome biomarkers, enlarging the toolbox of digital bioassays for clinical applications.
PROTOCOL: What is the effect of intergenerational activities on the wellbeing and mental health of older people?
Authors: Whear Rebecca , Campbell Fiona , Rogers Morwenna , Sutton Anthea , Robinson‐Carter Ellie , Sharpe Richard , Cohen Stuart , Fergy Ronald , Garside Ruth , Kneale Dylan , Melendez‐Torres G. J. , Thompson‐Coon Joanna
Published: April 2023

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: This systematic review will examine the impact of intergenerational interventions on the mental health and wellbeing of older people and will identify areas for future research as well as key messages for service commissioners.
Quality indicators in the endoscopic detection of gastric cancer
Authors: Namasivayam Vikneswaran , Uedo Noriya
Published: April 2023

Gastroscopy is the reference standard for the diagnosis of gastric cancer, but it is operator‐dependent and associated with missed gastric cancer. The proliferation of gastroscopic examinations, increasingly for the screening and detection of subtle premalignant lesions, has motivated scrutiny of quality in gastroscopy. The concept of a high‐quality endoscopic examination for the detection of superficial gastric neoplasia has been defined by expert guidelines to improve mucosal visualization, engender a systematic examination process and detect superficial neoplasia. This review discusses the evidence supporting the components of a high‐quality diagnostic gastroscopic examination in relation to the detection of gastric cancer, and their potential role as procedural quality indicators to drive a structured improvement in clinically meaningful outcomes.
Algeness—What do we know about this filler
Authors: Li Andraia R. , Taylor Brooke , Snyder Alan N. , Schlesinger Todd
Published: April 2023

Background

Dermal fillers are cosmetic injections that temporarily treat signs of aging. While hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers have been in forefront of the cosmetic industry, non‐HA‐based alternatives have increased in popularity over the past decade. Algeness is an agarose gel‐based dermal filler marketed as a natural and biodegradable alternative to HA. Available in four different concentrations, including 1%, 1.5%, 2.5%, and 3.5% agarose, Algeness has numerous applications ranging from lip augmentations to treatment of nasolabial folds and nonsurgical rhinoplasties. The structure of Algeness closely mimics that of the extracellular matrix and may be advantageous for mitigating migration. Algeness is also not readily digested by a specific human enzyme but is metabolized by macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system instead. These characteristics are thought to contribute to Algeness' durability and volumizing properties. The longevity of the filler directly correlates with the concentration of agarose incorporated, reportedly ranging from 3 to 15 months, depending on the formulation. Injection of Algeness differs from that of HA filler and a linear retrograde injection approach is recommended.

Conclusion

In the limited studies performed thus far, Algeness has been shown to have comparable durability, patient satisfaction, and early adverse effects to HA fillers, particularly for treatment of the nasolabial folds. However, Algeness has not yet received Food and Drug Administration approval and is currently not available in US markets. Randomized clinical trials are currently underway to further evaluate its performance and safety.
Zebrafishcrocc2mutants exhibit divergent craniofacial shape, misregulated variability, and aberrant cartilage morphogenesis
Authors: Packard Mary C. , Gilbert Michelle C. , Tetrault Emily , Albertson R. Craig
Published: April 2023

Background

Phenotypic variation is of paramount importance in development, evolution, and human health; however, the molecular mechanisms that influence organ shape and shape variability are not well understood. During craniofacial development, the behavior of skeletal precursors is regulated by both biochemical and environmental inputs, and the primary cilia play critical roles in transducing both types of signals. Here, we examine a gene that encodes a key constituent of the ciliary rootlets,crocc2, and its role in cartilage morphogenesis in larval zebrafish.

Results

Geometric morphometric analysis ofcrocc2mutants revealed altered craniofacial shapes and expanded variation. At the cellular level, we observed altered chondrocyte shapes and planar cell polarity across multiple stages incrocc2mutants. Notably, cellular defects were specific to areas that experience direct mechanical input. Cartilage cell number, apoptosis, and bone patterning were not affected incrocc2mutants.

Conclusions

Whereas “regulatory” genes are widely implicated in patterning the craniofacial skeleton, genes that encode “structural” aspects of the cell are increasingly implicated in shaping the face. Our results addcrocc2to this list, and demonstrate that it affects craniofacial geometry and canalizes phenotypic variation. We propose that it does so via mechanosensing, possibly through the ciliary rootlet. If true, this would implicate a new organelle in skeletal development and evolution.
A novel double‐sampled square‐wave voltammetric technique combined with quadruple‐disk metallic‐glassy carbon electronic tongue for isotonic beverages profiling
Authors: Wójcik Szymon , Mirceski Valentin , Baś Bogusław , Jakubowska Małgorzata
Published: April 2023

This work demonstrates that quadruple‐disk electrodes with an innovative design, iridium‐platinum, platinum‐glassy carbon, and iridium‐glassy carbon can effectively function as a single sensor and act as a voltammetric electronic tongue in food profiling. The key strategy used was a novel technique called double‐sampled differential square‐wave voltammetry (DSSWV), which increased the resolution and enabled extraction of the full, hidden information available in the measuring signals. Four clustering validity indices, namely the Calinski – Harabasz index, Davies – Bouldin index, Silhouette index and gap statistics were employed to select the optimal sensor and methodology for interpreting the current samples. The best expected results were obtained using an iridium‐platinum electrode combined with overall cathodic potential modulation using the DSSWV technique. Principal component analysis and polar dendrogram confirmed the correct clustering of different isotonic beverages. However, it was also demonstrated that in some variants of measurement and signal interpretation, it was not possible to group the samples appropriately.
Ruddlesden‐Popper‐type perovskite Sr3Fe2O7−δ for enhanced thermochemical energy storage
Authors: Zhou Yue , Zhou Zijian , Sun Jian , Liu Lei , Luo Fei , Xu Guorong , Cao Xiangkun Elvis , Xu Minghou
Published: April 2023

Perovskite has been considered a promising thermochemical energy storage material. Such materials can perform redox reactions reversibly under the control of oxygen partial pressure over a wide range of temperatures. Layered perovskites have been poorly studied as energy storage material, although their oxygen species exhibit good oxidation activity. In this work, Ruddlesden‐Popper‐type quasi‐2D perovskite Sr3Fe2O7‐δ and 3D perovskite SrFeO3‐δ were prepared for the testing of thermochemical energy storage properties. It was shown that the degree of reduction reaction for Sr3Fe2O7‐δ was much greater than that of SrFeO3‐δ, with change of non‐stoichiometry up to 0.79. The combined effect of thermodynamic parameters for samples on heat storage behavior was studied by Van't Hoff method. The reduction entropy of Sr3Fe2O7‐δ is much higher than that of SrFeO3‐δ, which explains the large promotion in the reaction degree of SrFeO3‐δ. The total reduction enthalpy of Sr3Fe2O7‐δ is about 2.8 times that of SrFeO3‐δ, with both reduction enthalpy and reaction entropy affecting the heat storage capacity. Sr3Fe2O7‐δ also has an attractive spectral absorption of 96.92% in the range of 300–2500 nm, which makes it advantageous in volumetric solar collector. Overall, Sr3Fe2O7‐δ offers improved performance in terms of thermochemical energy storage compared to SrFeO3‐δ.

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Contemporary research in coastal dunes and aeolian processes
Authors: Farrell Eugene J. , Delgado Fernandez Irene , Smyth Thomas , Li Bailiang , Swann Christy
Published: April 2023

Coastal dunes are found along the sandy coasts of oceans, seas, and large lakes all around the world. They are dynamic landforms that evolve along complex morphological and biological continua in response to a range on controls linked to climate, sea level, sediment movement, vegetation cover, and land use. By collating research across the full spectrum of processes shaping different types and sizes of dunes and smaller aeolian bedforms, special issues can aid researchers to identify new research directions and methods emerging from the discipline. This editorial summarizes the 25 contributions to the special issue Coastal dunes: links between aeolian processes and landform dynamics. We grouped the contributions into four broad themes: (1) long‐term dune evolution, (2) short‐term aeolian transport, (3) research methods, and (4) coastal dune management. Contributions to the special issue demonstrate that research interest in coastal dunes, and particularly the impacts of human interventions on dunes, continues to grow. It also shows how aeolian research on coastal dunes covers a range of temporal and spatial scales, from ripple dynamics and instantaneous airflow‐transport processes to dune field evolution with rising sea levels and large‐scale dune stage shifts. We highlight potential avenues for future research including vegetation roughness characteristics and their effect on wind flow and sediment transport, the challenges of upscaling short‐ and small‐scale results to larger and longer spatiotemporal scales, and the study of both natural and managed dune landscapes.
Effects of Exposure to Cadmium, Microplastics, and Their Mixture on Survival, Growth, Feeding, and Life History of Daphnia magna
Authors: Zink Lauren , Shearer Anna Y. , Wiseman Steve , Pyle Gregory G.
Published: April 2023

There is concern that microplastics can act as a vector for cadmium (Cd), altering the bioavailability and subsequent toxicity of Cd to ecologically important species such as Daphnia magna. The toxicity of Cd to D. magna has been well described; however, what is not known, and what the present study addresses, was how the addition of polyethylene microplastic altered Cd toxicity. Using high-throughput feeding assays and size assessments, the present study quantified effects of exposure to Cd, microplastic, or their mixture on daphnids from neonate to adult. Exposure to Cd inhibited feeding efficiency, while exposure to microplastic inhibited growth rates of juveniles. Daphnia magna coexposed to Cd and microplastic showed significant decreases in both feeding and prereproductive growth rate. There were no differences in life-history traits across any treatments. The alterations of feeding and growth while maintaining reproductive endpoints (time to first brood, reproductive frequency, the number of neonates released at each reproductive event, and the size of neonates produced) might be the result of a shift in energy allocation away from somatic growth, allowing individuals to maintain reproductive output despite lower nutritional reserves. Our findings suggest that cocontamination of microplastic and Cd has additive effects on feeding and growth rates, resulting in a greater energy allocation shift. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1401–1408. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Effects of Nitrate and Conductivity on Embryo-Larval Fathead Minnows
Authors: Edwards Thea M. , Lamm Daniel J. , Harvey Joel J.
Published: April 2023

Nitrate concentrations have been rising in surface waters over the last century and now frequently exceed drinking water standards and environmental safety benchmarks globally. Health-wise, these trends are concerning because nitrate has been shown to disrupt endocrine function and developmental outcomes. The present study investigated potential sublethal effects of nitrate on developing fathead minnows. Fish were exposed from fertilization through 21 days postfertilization (dpf) to environmentally relevant concentrations of nitrate (0, 2, 5, 10, 25, or 100 mg/L NO3-N as NaNO3). Nitrate effects on hatch timing, heart rate and rhythm at 3 dpf, growth through 21 dpf, swim bladder inflation timing and size, scoliosis, pericardial edema, and mortality were assessed. Because adding NaNO3 increases water conductivity, two conductivity controls were included to match the ionic strength of the 10- and 100-mg/L NO3-N treatments. Increasing nitrate delayed posterior swim bladder (PSB) inflation in a dose-dependent manner, with possible inhibition of anterior swim bladder (ASB) inflation at higher doses, although nitrate did not affect swim bladder size. Conversely, nitrate did not affect hatch timing or cardiac endpoints at 3 dpf or induce pericardial edema or scoliosis, although there was a noted brood effect on these latter defects. As was observed with increasing nitrate, higher ion concentrations in the conductivity controls caused dose-dependent increases in fish body size at 21 dpf. Increased ionic strength also hastened ASB inflation independently of nitrate. As in other published studies, the observed delay in PSB inflation suggests that nitrate disrupts the thyroid axis and warrants further investigation. In addition, the present study supports the need for conductivity controls in nitrate toxicity studies to distinguish nitrate-specific effects. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1529–1541. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Spatiotemporal single‐cell transcriptomic profiling reveals inflammatory cell states in a mouse model of diffuse alveolar damage
Authors: Su Duo , Jiao Zhouguang , Li Sha , Yue Liya , Li Cuidan , Deng Mengyun , Hu Lingfei , Dai Lupeng , Gao Bo , Wang Jinglin , Zhang Hanchen , Xiao Haihua , Chen Fei , Yang Huiying , Zhou Dongsheng
Published: April 2023

Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) triggers neutrophilic inflammation in damaged tissues of the lung, but little is known about the distinct roles of tissue structural cells in modulating the recruitment of neutrophils to damaged areas. Here, by combining single‐cell and spatial transcriptomics, and using quantitative assays, we systematically analyze inflammatory cell states in a mouse model of DAD‐induced neutrophilic inflammation after aerosolized intratracheal inoculation with ricin toxin. We show that homeostatic resident fibroblasts switch to a hyper‐inflammatory state, and the subsequent occurrence of a CXCL1‐CXCR2 chemokine axis between activated fibroblasts (AFib) as the signal sender and neutrophils as the signal receiver triggers further neutrophil recruitment. We also identify an anatomically localized inflamed niche (characterized by a close‐knit spatial intercellular contact between recruited neutrophils and AFib) in peribronchial regions that facilitate the pulmonary inflammation outbreak. Our findings identify an intricate interplay between hyper‐inflammatory fibroblasts and neutrophils and provide an overarching profile of dynamically changing inflammatory microenvironments during DAD progression.
Enzymatic reactions towards aldehydes: An overview
Authors: Schober Lukas , Dobiašová Hana , Jurkaš Valentina , Parmeggiani Fabio , Rudroff Florian , Winkler Margit
Published: April 2023

Many aldehydes are volatile compounds with distinct and characteristic olfactory properties. The aldehydic functional group is reactive and, as such, an invaluable chemical multi‐tool to make all sorts of products. Owing to the reactivity, the selective synthesis of aldehydic is a challenging task. Nature has evolved a number of enzymatic reactions to produce aldehydes, and this review provides an overview of aldehyde‐forming reactions in biological systems and beyond. Whereas some of these biotransformations are still in their infancy in terms of synthetic applicability, others are developed to an extent that allows their implementation as industrial biocatalysts.
Climate Change Risks to Freshwater Subsistence Fisheries in Arctic Alaska: Insights and Uncertainty from Broad Whitefish Coregonus nasus
Authors: Leppi Jason C , Rinella Daniel J , Wipfli Mark S , Liljedahl Anna K , Seitz Andrew C , Falke Jeffrey A
Published: April 2023

Arctic freshwater ecosystems and fish populations are largely shaped by seasonal and long-term watershed hydrology. In this paper, we hypothesize how changing air temperature and precipitation will alter freeze and thaw processes, hydrology, and instream habitat to assess potential indirect effects, such as the change to the foraging and behavioral ecology, on Arctic fishes, using Broad Whitefish Coregonus nasus as an indicator species. Climate change is expected to continue to alter hydrologic pathways, flow regimes, and, therefore, habitat suitability, connectivity, and availability for fishes. Warming and lengthening of the growing season will likely increase fish growth rates; however, the exceedance of threshold stream temperatures will likely increase physiological stress and alter life histories. We expect these changes to have mixed effects on Arctic subsistence fishes and fisheries. Management and conservation approaches focused on preserving the processes that create heterogeneity in aquatic habitats, genes, and communities will help maintain the resilience of Broad Whitefish and other important subsistence fisheries. Long-term effects are uncertain, so filling scientific knowledge gaps, such as identifying important habitats or increasing knowledge of abiotic variables in priority watersheds, is key to understanding and potentially mitigating likely impacts to Arctic fishes in a rapidly changing landscape.