bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jarmo Jääskeläinen – „imigrant z polską duszą”
Authors: Hučková Jadwiga
Published: December 2021

Polish topics occupy an important place in the work of the Finnish filmmaker Jarmo Jääskeläinen. Since the 70s he made his films outside censorship, and his penetrating gaze on the Polish reality allowed glimpse its dimensions closely invisible or ignored. While maintaining fidelity to the facts, he talks about the most important problems, stages the phenomena of contemporary Polish history, society, culture.
Dzieje grzechu, czyli Protokół zbrodni i nieszczęść
Authors: Włodek Roman
Published: December 2021

Stefan Żeromski’s novel, The Story of a Sin (1908), was controversial and considered scandalous at the beginning of the twentieth century. Żeromski was accused of undermining the significance of the family as the basic unit of society. His book, it was said, promoted “free love,” by disparaging Polish women and vividly portraying the moral degradation of the heroine. Theatrical and film adaptations of the novel met with similar charges (Leon Schiller, Polish Theatrical adaptation, Warsaw, 1926). The first film adaptation appeared in 1911, followed by an Italian version in 1917 (La Storia di unpeccato). In 1933, Sfinks, the most honored Polish film studio, produced yet another adaptation for the studio’s 25th anniversary. Such issues as divorce, abortion, single motherhood, and prostitution (topical issues in society and major themes in the book) took a back seat to the film’s criminal motif.
Raman Spectroscopy Investigation of a Manganese Oxide Layer Caused by Water Corrosion on an IrMn Thin Film
Authors: Mopoung Kunpot , Suwanyangyaun Pattana , Sawaengsai Kanogkwan , Supadee Laddawan , Nuntawong Noppadon , Tungasmita Sukkaneste , Sanorpim Sakuntam
Published: December 2021

Raman spectroscopy was used to identify a manganese oxide layer established on iridium manganese (IrMn) thin films. A thin manganese oxide layer on the IrMn surface was created by dropping deionized (DI) water for 30 min. Field emission scanning electron microscope and Raman spectroscopy with a 532-nm laser wavelength were used to investigate the DI-water–exposed IrMn surface. The intensity of the Raman laser beam, varied from 0.05 to 50 mW, was carefully optimized to avoid laser-induced heat effects on the manganese oxide layer and IrMn thin film. The results showed that the laser-induced heat produced an α-Mn3O4 phase on the IrMn surface and a manganese oxide layer at 25 mW. Raman optimization was used to investigate the DI-water corrosion and manganese oxide structures on different areas of the IrMn surface.
In-Process Dimension Monitoring System for Integration of Legacy Machine Tools into the Industry 4.0 Framework
Authors: Dayam Sunidhi , Desai K. A. , Kuttolamadom Mathew
Published: December 2021

Manufacturers are implementing sensors, Internet of Things (IoT)-based automation, and communication devices on shop floors for connecting machine tools to a network-connected system for achieving “smart” functionality. The existing installation of legacy machines that offer either no or limited adaptability to these changes is a big obstacle to realizing the potential benefits of smart manufacturing. This research paper presents a sensor-based dimension monitoring system to capture and digitize component dimensions during machining operations. The capabilities are attained by developing an integrated framework consisting of sensors, data acquisition systems, feature extraction modules, and digital interfaces. The framework is implemented on legacy equipment such as lathes, milling, and drilling machines for component dimension monitoring while performing common operations. The proposed system functions at the edge level to improve man (operator)–machine–material interactions by displaying component dimensions and graphical visualization of the operations. The system also helps the operator recognize the resulting cutting forces and thereby achieve guided process control. The data generated at an edge level can be transmitted to the enterprise layer for performing tasks such as machine performance evaluation, man–machine utilization, process optimization, operator feedback, etc. The proposed framework provides a potential solution for integrating a vast base of the existing legacy machines into the Industry 4.0 framework.
A.A. Gromyko and the Security Policy (1963‒1964)
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sindeev Alexey
Published: December 2021

. This article opens a series of research papers dedicated to the former Foreign Minister of the USSR Andrei Gromyko. His contribution to the development and implementation of the security policy is highlighted. The détente policy is understood as part of the security policy. The first article defines the security policy. The most important stages of A. Gromyko diplomatic career are highlighted. Problems of foreign policy continuity, the role that the personal factor plays, and the relationship between strategy and tactics are particularly important in the research the security policy. A distinction must be made between strategy and tactics in politics and diplomacy. This has an essential practical meaning because a correct balance of tactical and strategic approaches is a prerequisite for the success of the security system, which can be built within the framework of a certain paradigm. The author argues that the descriptive story (Part 4 of the article) is one of the possible variants of historiography explaining the role of the personal factor. Much more important, however, is to supplement traditional history with research, because this can lead to the «Gromyko rules» (Part 3 of the article). This helps to better articulate the lessons of history. The article contributes to the author's earlier works on the role of A. Gromyko and his diplomatic school.
The European Union in Search of a New Global Strategy: Critical Analytics
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Eltsin, Mikhaylenko
Published: December 2021

With the use of the analytical works of the prominent Belgian researcher Sven Biscop, the article examines the main topics of discussion regarding changes in the global strategy of the European Union. EU foreign policy has been associated with the concept of “normative power”, which is seen as a kind of European “soft power”. Due to the influence of the global governance crisis, the COVID pandemic, the shift of USA geopolitical interests from Europe to Asia, China's great-power policy, Russia's geopolitical ambitions and other challenges, EU researchers and politicians are raising questions aimed at changing the strategic culture in order to ensure the primacy of EU vital interests. S. Biscop believes that while developing a new global strategy, it is necessary to turn to the traditions of geopolitics to be ready to protect interests and democratic values with the use of “hard power” both internally and externally. Strategic autonomy is a promising task for the further building of the EU. Under the instruction of the European Commission, the work has begun on the creation of a new political and strategic document “Strategic Compass”, its goals include defining the EU targets in the field of security, defense, and identification of threats. The discussion of a new global strategy outlines a trajectory for the transformation of the European Union into a global “Third Pole”. Sven Biscop's recommendations show that shaping a new global strategy will require a revision of the concept of "normative power" and turning closer to geopolitical realism.
French Foreign Policy in the Horn of Africa Region
Authors:   Higher School of Economics, Nadzharov Aleksandr
Published: December 2021

The Horn of Africa has gained strategic importance due to its transit location and the rapid growth of regional economies. The French Republic, historically is presented in the region through its military base in Djibouti and seeks to consolidate and expand its influence. Paris seeks to gain a foothold in the energy, infrastructure, and arms markets and to expand its cooperation with key Middle Eastern partners. The Djibouti base itself serves as the northwestern flank of the French presence in the IndoPacific. Nevertheless, the French policy faces several challenges: regional destabilization, the rise of great power rivalry, and the lack of a broad foreign policy toolkit. Nevertheless, Paris seeks to overcome the challenges and its own financial limitations by building networks of presence through its cultural and humanitarian institutions. Moreover, due to Brexit, Paris is the only power representing the EU in the IndoPacific through its military bases, which may facilitate the europeanization of French foreign policy in the region.
Distinct Aging-Vulnerable and -Resilient Trajectories of Specific Motor Circuit Functions in Oxidation- and Temperature-StressedDrosophila
Authors: Iyengar Atulya , Ruan Hongyu , Wu Chun-Fang
Published: December 2021

InDrosophila, molecular pathways affecting longevity have been extensively studied. However, corresponding neurophysiological changes underlying aging-related functional and behavioral deteriorations remain to be fully explored. We examined different motor circuits inDrosophilaacross the life span and uncovered distinctive age-resilient and age-vulnerable trajectories in their established functional properties. In the giant fiber (GF) and downstream circuit elements responsible for the jump-and-flight escape reflex, we observed relatively mild deterioration toward the end of the life span. In contrast, more substantial age-dependent modifications were seen in the plasticity of GF afferent processing, specifically in use dependence and habituation properties. In addition, there were profound changes in different afferent circuits that drive flight motoneuron activities, including flight pattern generation and seizure spike discharges evoked by electroconvulsive stimulation. Importantly, in high-temperature (HT)-reared flies (29°C), the general trends in these age-dependent trajectories were largely maintained, albeit over a compressed time scale, lending support for the common practice of HT rearing for expeditingDrosophilaaging studies. We discovered that shortened life spans inCu/Zn superoxide dismutase(Sod) mutant flies were accompanied by altered aging trajectories in motor circuit properties distinct from those in HT-reared flies, highlighting differential effects of oxidative versus temperature stressors. This work helps to identify several age-vulnerable neurophysiological parameters that may serve as quantitative indicators for assessing genetic and environmental influences on aging progression inDrosophila.
Disruption of VGLUT1 in Cholinergic Medial Habenula Projections Increases Nicotine Self-Administration
Authors: Souter Elizabeth A. , Chen Yen-Chu , Zell Vivien , Lallai Valeria , Steinkellner Thomas , Conrad William S. , Wisden William , Harris Kenneth D. , Fowler Christie D. , Hnasko Thomas S.
Published: December 2021

Cholinergic projections from the medial habenula (MHb) to the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) have been studied for their complex contributions to nicotine addiction and have been implicated in nicotine reinforcement, aversion, and withdrawal. While it has been established that MHb cholinergic projections corelease glutamate, no direct evidence has demonstrated a role for this glutamate projection in nicotine consumption. In the present study, a novel floxedSlc17a7[vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1)] mouse was generated and used to create conditional knock-out (cKO) mice that lack VGLUT1 in MHb cholinergic neurons. Loss ofSlc17a7expression in ventral MHb cholinergic neurons was validated using fluorescentin situhybridization, and immunohistochemistry was used to demonstrate a corresponding reduction of VGLUT1 protein in cholinergic terminals in the IPN. We also used optogenetics-assisted electrophysiology to evoke EPSCs in IPN and observed a reduction of glutamatergic currents in the cKO, supporting the functional disruption of VGLUT1 in MHb to IPN synapses. cKO mice exhibited no gross phenotypic abnormalities and displayed normal thigmotaxis and locomotor behavior in the open-field assay. When trained to lever press for food, there was no difference between control and cKO. However, when tested in a nicotine self-administration procedure, we found that the loss of VGLUT1-mediated glutamate corelease led to increased responding for nicotine. These findings indicate that glutamate corelease from ventral MHb cholinergic neurons opposes nicotine self-administration, and provide additional support for targeting this synapse to develop potential treatments for nicotine addiction.
Metabolically healthy obesity, transition to unhealthy phenotypes, and type 2 diabetes in 0.5 million Chinese adults: the China Kadoorie Biobank
Authors: Song Zimin , Gao Meng , Lv Jun , Yu Canqing , Guo Yu , Bian Zheng , Wei Yuxia , Yang Ling , Du Huaidong , Chen Yiping , Zhang Jianqiang , Yao Jvying , Chen Junshi , Chen Zhengming , Huang Tao , Li Liming , _ _
Published: December 2021

Objectives

To prospectively assess the association of metabolic health status and its transition with incident diabetes risk across BMI categories.

Design

Cohort study based on the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB).

Methods

The CKB study enrolled 512 715 adults aged 30–79 years from ten diverse areas in China during 2004–2008. After exclusion, 432 763 participants were cross-classified by BMI categories and the metabolic status was followed up for incident diabetes disease. The changes in BMI and metabolic health status were defined from baseline to the second resurvey.

Results

Type 2 diabetes risk is higher for metabolically healthy obese (MHO) subjects than metabolically healthy normal weight (MHN) individuals (HR: 3.97, 95% CI: 3.64–3.66), and it is highest for those affected by metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) (HR: 6.47, 95% CI: 6.17–6.79). About 15.26% of participants with MHN converted to metabolically healthy overweight or obesity (MHOO), whereas 48.40% of MHOO remained unconverted throughout the follow-up. In obese or overweight people, the conversion from metabolically healthy to unhealthy might increase the chances of developing diabetes as compared to those with a stable metabolic healthy state (HR: 3.70, 95% CI: 2.99–4.59), while those with persistent metabolic disorders are most likely to have diabetes (HR: 8.32, 95% CI: 7.08–9.78).

Conclusions

Metabolic healthy is a transient state, and individuals converted from metabolically healthy status to unhealthy phenotypes across all BMI categories might raise the risk of diabetes.
Reduced MHC class II expression in medullary thyroid cancer identifies patients with poor prognosis
Authors: Ruan Xianhui , Yi Jiaoyu , Hu Linfei , Zhi Jingtai , Zeng Yu , Hou Xiukun , Huang Jianfeng , Gu Pengfei , Hao Weijing , Gao Ming , Pan Yi , Wei Songfeng , Zheng Xiangqian
Published: December 2021

Increasing body of recent studies determining the expression of tumor-specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II protein supports its potential role in several malignancies, but little is known in human medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Here, we report the expression of MHC-II and its clinicopathologic and prognostic relevance in MTC patients. Immunohistochemistry staining revealed a significant reduction in tumor cell-specific MHC-II expression in a higher AJCC stage and its poor prognostic correlation with human MTC development. Further statistical analysis identified the low MHC-II expression as a significant and independent risk factor for MTC recurrence and patient survival. Moreover, in vitro studies showed that the MHC-II expression was remarkably increased by RET inhibitors, which were prescribed to treat advanced MTC. Similarly, inhibitors blocking the MAPK/ERK and AKT/mTOR pathways also augmented MHC-II expression, suggesting their implications in RET-MHC-II signaling axis. Importantly, in vitro assays manifested enhanced peripheral blood leukocytes-mediated cytotoxicity in MTC cells treated with RET inhibitors, which were partially alleviated by HLA knock-down. Together, our study demonstrates that low MHC-II expression levels may serve as a prognostic biomarker for aggressive diseases in MTC patients and indicates that RET activation may promote MTC immune escape through downregulating MHC-II expression.
Estrategias de marketing de marcas globales y locales en economías en desarrollo: un estudio comparativo en el mercado de chocolate de Ecuador
Authors: Calvo Dopico Domingo , Del Castillo Puente Ángel María , Arias Montero Salomón Roberto
Published: December 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las estrategias de marca internacional en el mercado del chocolate para un país en vías de desarrollo como es el caso de Ecuador. Se destacan dos resultados de interés. En primer lugar, a pesar de tratarse de un país de gran tradición cacaotera, lo cual predispone a una preferencia por productos o marcas locales, Nestlé lidera el mercado del chocolate. Los principales elementos que explican este liderazgo se fundamentan en la implantación de una estrategia híbrida que ha sabido combinar un posicionamiento global para todos los mercados en los que opera con la adaptación de sus programas de marketing al mercado local (Ecuador). En segundo lugar, Nestlé, además de conseguir elreconocimiento de una marca global, conocida y, por tanto, de gran notoriedad, ha sabido adaptarse a una economía en desarrollo a través de la fijación de precios competitivos, una importante actividad promocional, una estrategia de distribución intensiva y una amplia gama que también ofrece nuevos productos para diferentes segmentos como el chocolate blanco con arroz crocante o el chocolate elaborado a partir de cacao fino de Ecuador.
LA ÉTICA UTILITARISTA DE JEREMY BENTHAM: DEL SER AL DEBER SER
Authors: Tasset Carmona José Luis
Published: December 2021

Jeremy Bentham es unánimemente reconocido como un filósofo político y del derecho de primera fila; también es muy reconocido como economista o teórico de la economía; desde luego, es considerado como uno de los grandes reformadores sociales del siglo XIX; incluso, recientemente, desde el último cuarto del siglo XX, ha comenzado a ser visto como uno de los grandes expertos clásicos en historia de la sexualidad y como un pensador radical en este ámbito. Pero ¿fue Bentham un gran filósofo, especialmente un gran filósofo moral?
SCIENTIFIC AND ORGANIZATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF THE SI “THE INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY OF NAS OF UKRAINE” IN 1996–2021
Authors:   State Institution «The Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine», Zabulonov Yu. , Dolin V. , Shramenko I.
Published: December 2021

ccording to the results of the state attestation on the eve of the 25th anniversary of foundation, the State Institution “The Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine” is one of the leading scientific institutions in Ukraine. The Insti-tute has qualified staff and high level of research which are efficiently used for further development and integration into the European and world scientific community, taking into account the national interests. The main research areas of the Institute are the fundamental problems of the integrated development of the mineral-resource base for the nuclear-power engineering; environmental geochemistry, radiogeochemistry, radioecology; physico-chemical, technical and geological problems of radioactive and toxic waste management; civil protection, complex monitoring, and scientific and technological foundations of radiation, technogenic and environmental safety. The following scientific schools have been established and developped at the Institute: uranium ore, metallogenic, biogeochemistry, environmental geochemistry, space mineralogy, technogenic and environmental safety of potentially dangerous objects, nuclear-physical technologies and systems. The Institute trains young postgraduates and researchers who demonstrate good achievements in their work, successfully defend dissertations, receive awards and scholarships for young scientists from the President and the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. The results of the scientific research are practice-oriented and used by various enterprises and organizations. The article presents the main achievements of the Institute in 1996–2021.
ОЦІНКА ВПЛИВУ ФАКТОРІВ УРБАНІЗАЦІЇ НА НЕБЕЗПЕКУ АКТИВІЗАЦІЇ КАР-СТОВИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ У РЕГІОНАХ УКРАЇНИ
Authors:   State University “Odessa Polytechnic”, Vasiutinska K. , Barbashev S.
Published: December 2021

The article presents the analysis of the exogenous geological process activation hazards, namely karst, in the conditions of urbanization processes. The scale of geoecological problems is shown to be directly or indirectly determined by the scale of urbanization. The relevance of the research is associated with the study of the nature of changes in the expansion of karst rocks in regions with different levels of urbanization in the period 2001 – 2020. The main aim is to analyze the hazards of karst development in relation with the factors of urbanization processes in the regions of Ukraine based on the indicator method. The particular characteristics of the impact of urbanized territories on the initiation of natural disasters and geological hazards have been determined. The urbogenic load of the regions was assessed using determined and calculated earlier indicators of ecological and ecological-demographic urbanization. The assessment of the dependence between the hazard indicator of the spread of karst rocks and the indicator of ecological urbanization in the regional context has been carried out. It is shown that in the third part of the regions, the growing hazard levels of karst processes practically coincide with the growth of the ecological urbanization index. A nearly doubling of the area of karst terrains was noted during 2001 – 2020 in all administrative regions. The coefficient of expansion of karst territories for the specified period has been calculated. Four groups of regions were identified according to the increase in karst areas in comparison with the hazards of karst processes and the index of ecological-demographic urbanization. Expansion of open karst areas in the Transcarpathian, Odessa, Rivne, Kherson, Chernivtsi regions was noted. For this group of regions, a tendency to increase the areas of surface karst in accordance with an increase in the values of urbanization indicators has been established. This is due to the exploitation of natural territorial resources, changes in the nature of land use, depletion of vegetation cover, anthropogenic loads on the ground, and imbalances in the interaction of surface and underground waters in urbanized areas. Thus, the Ukraine’s regions with different urbogenic load are differentiated depending on the territorial indicator of the danger of karst terrains, as well as the dynamics of changes in the areas of karst rocks.
REMOVAL OF CESIUM IONS BY NATURAL CLINOPTILOLITE AND COMPOSITE ADSORBENT FROM HIGH-SALT SOLU-TIONS
Authors:   State Institution «The Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine», Bondar Yu. , Kuzenko S.
Published: December 2021

The development of effective adsorbents for the selective removal of radionuclides from contaminated waters is a topical issue, the solution of which is necessary to reduce the amount of hazardous liquid radioactive waste and to improve safety of the waste management. Natural zeolites have been used for a long time for deactivation of contaminated water, however their wider application for selective removal of radionuclides is limited due to reducing of selectivity caused by increasing solution mineralization, as well as the reversible nature of the radionuclides’ adsorption. Synthesis of composite sorbents based on natural zeolites with incorporated sorption-active inorganic phase is considered as a promising approach to fabricate inexpensive adsorbents with high selectivity to certain radionuclides. The paper presents the results on synthesis of a composite sorbent for the selective removal of cesium ions based on clinoptilolite tuff of the Sokyrnytsia deposit (Ukraine) with the incorporated potassium-copper ferrocyanide phase. Samples of natural and composite clinoptilolite tuff were tested for selective removal of cesium ions from single- and multicomponent model solutions with high content of competing sodium and potassium ions. Mineralization of the solution has been shown to have a significant influence on the adsorption parameters of natural clinoptilolite, while composite adsorbent samples demonstrated high adsorption parameters in sorption of cesium ions from model multi-component solutions with high salt content. The presence of the ferrocyanide phase has been proved to result in an increase in the selectivity of the composite adsorbent in comparison with the natural clinoptilolite samples, as well as in strengthening fixation of adsorbed cesium ions.
RESTORATION OF WATER BODIES POLLUTED WITH REFINED PRODUCTS USING EXTENDED GRAPHITE SORBENT
Authors:   State Institution «The Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine», Zabulonov Yu. , Puhach O. , Kyseliov Yu. , Odukalec L. , Burtniak V.
Published: December 2021

Oil and its distillation products play an important role in human life. In the process of distilling oil, we get important products for the life of a modern person. It is hard for a person to live without gasoline, diesel fuel, lubricants and polymeric materials. The chemical industry is also heavily dependent on oil. Oil production makes a significant contribution to the economy and at the same time causes significant damage to the habitat of humans and animals. Nowadays the oil production process may cause oil spills into the upper soil layers and water bodies. Also, the likelihood of accidents during the production, transportation and distillation of oil is not excluded. Most accidents occur due to corrosion of pipes, which are not always inspected and replaced in due time. Each pipeline has its own service life, oil companies are required to monitor the condition of pipes, valves, etc. It is necessary to create special commissions to control the transportation routes. It is always better to prevent an accident than to clean up the spill and clean the environment from pollution products. Unfortunately, the leaders of large oil corporations do not want to replace pipelines in time, trying to save some material resources. As a result, animals, birds and inhabitants of reservoirs die. Not only adult representatives of the animal world can die, but their embryos, they are very sensitive even to a small amount of oil and its products. Animals listed in the Red Book are dying. Every year more and more representatives of flora and fauna suffer from human mistakes. Some species are on the verge of extinction. A man in pursuit of technological progress ruins his habitat. A large number of oil fields are located at the bottom of reservoirs, as a result, we have oil spills during production at the bottom and surface of the reservoir. The effect of these processes on fish is almost always lethal. Birds, during migration, are also exposed to the detrimental effects of oil spills. Oil contaminates their feathers and enters the respiratory tract. As a result, contaminated feathers do not allow to continue the flight.
Distribution of chemical elements in peat deposits of the Lviv Region
Authors: Yakovenko Myroslava , Khokha Yury , Lyubchak Oleksandr
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the study and interpretation of the content of chemical elements in peats of Lviv Region. It is known that peat has a pronounced ability to physical sorption and chemisorption, as a result it is able to accumulate a significant amount of metals, including dangerous – heavy, toxic and radioactive. Peat is used as an energy raw material, in recent years – as a raw material for the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Thus, this geochemical research has scientific and applied importance for a wide range of industries and for environmental monitoring. The range of peat applications directly depends on the concentration of trace elements. The basic geochemical characteristics of peat lowland type in Lviv Region were found out. In general, the content of elements in the studied peat has concentrations lower than сlarkes in comparison with the lithosphere, soils and terrestrial plants. Lithophilic Sr, Yb, Be, Ba, siderophilic Mo, Co, and chalcophilic Pb, Ag are actively concentrated in comparison with clarkes in the lithosphere, soils, plant ashes and relative to background values in the soils of Ukraine. According to the results of a comprehensive analysis of the content of microelements in lowland peats of Lviv Region, three elements with high concentration were identified – Molybdenum, Strontium and Lead. Significant uneven distribution of microelement concentration with depth and area of distribution and high indicators of Mo, Yb, Sr, Be, Co, Ag, Ba, Pb relative to clarkes of lithosphere, soils, plant ash, etc. have been established. Comparison of patterns of accumulation and scattering of elements in peat with lithosphere, soils and terrestrial plants shows that peat is characterized by its own specific set of storage elements, there are specific patterns of accumulation and scattering of elements. Thus, peat has a clear geochemical structure that distinguishes them from mineral soils and lithosphere.
Consumption of combustible minerals in the context of the targets of sustainable development of Ukraine and global environment changes
Authors: Podolskyy Myroslav , Bryk Dmytro , Kulchytska-Zhyhailo Lesia , Gvozdevych Oleh
Published: December 2021

An analysis of Ukraine’s sustainable development targets, in particular in the field of energy, resource management and environmental protection, are presented. It is shown that regional energetic is a determining factor for achieving the aims of sustainable development. Changes in the natural environment in Ukraine due to external (global) and internal (local) factors that are intertwined and overlapped can cause threats to socio-economic development. It is proved that in the areas of mining and industrial activity a multiple increase in emissions of pollutants into the environment are observed. The comparison confirmed the overall compliance of the structure of consumption of primary energy resources (solid fossil fuels, natural gas, nuclear fuel, oil and petroleum products, renewable energy sources) in Ukraine and in the European Union, shows a steaby trend to reduce the share of solid fuels and natural gas and increasing the shares of energy from renewable sources. For example, in Ukraine the shares in the production and cost of electricity in 2018 was: the nuclear power plants – 54.33 % and in the cost – 26.60 %, the thermal power – 35.95 and 59.52 %, the renewable energy sources – 9.6 and 13.88 %. The energy component must be given priority, as it is crucial for achieving of all other goals of sustainable development and harmonization of socio-economic progress. The paper systematizes the indicators of regional energy efficiency and proposes a dynamic model for the transition to sustainable energy development of the region.
Economic and political aspects of foreign trade in the scientific legacy of Ivan Vernadsky
Authors:   Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman, Koliadych Oleksandr
Published: December 2021

The article provides a historical digression on I. Vernadsky's development of foreign trade concepts, and considers its most significant factors, in particular the economic ones (freedom, mutual benefit, measure of needs, strength of economic law) and political ones (geopolitical influence, consolidation). The purpose of the article is to reveal the significance and relevance of I. Vernadsky’s views on the economic and political aspects of foreign trade and assess the scientist's contribution to the development of conceptual foundations of foreign trade based on historical sources. The theoretical basis of the research is the multi-directional application of the concept of foreign trade and the interpretation of foreign trade policy as a tool for successful economic development. The historical and economic methods of analysis, and the problem-personified approach to the study of the history of economic ideas are used. The author applies the tools of systematic approach for the layout of the studied by I. Vernadsky tools for the government’s activities in the field of customs policy and foreign trade. It is shown that I. Vernadsky was critical of the interpretation of an objective, and equivalent exchange and put forward the idea of the urgency of its participants’ needs, emphasizing the subjective nature of any exchange operations. At the same time, the scientist condemned the violent nature of external relations and exchange. Emphasis is placed on an important place in the study of foreign trade issues by I. Vernadsky – the influence of both economic and non-economic factors, in particular the nation’s level of education the and its connection with the level of trade. Also, in the article are highlighted the attitude of I. Vernadsky to the relationship of peoples, which is determined by the ratio of the size of their foreign trade. In return, asymmetry in trade can trigger the operation of the law of counteraction, which demonstrates the scientist's position on trade wars and their inevitability in the event of violence, expansion and robbery. It is emphasized that I. Vernadsky’s liberalism and policy of free trade in the issue of foreign trade should be implemented in conditions of low taxes and tariff duties. High duties not only minimize the mutual benefit of the parties in foreign trade, but also, according to the scientist, set up producers of individual countries against each other. This leads to a foreign policy confrontation between the two countries and international tensions. I. Vernadsky’s research of foreign trade issues in the XIX century is also relevant for the beginning of the XXI century, in particular, the idea of the importance of preventing neo-protectionism, trade conflicts and wars.
The Study of Mosque Management in Indonesia and Spain: Majority and Minority Muslim Factors
Authors: Kamil Sukron , Darojat Zakiya
Published: December 2021

This article aims to analyze and compare the management of mosques between two countries; Indonesia, where Muslims are the majority population, and Spain where Muslims are the minority. The research question is summed upon how the Muslims respond to the mosque management in two countries, Indonesia and Spain. Constructed by both research methods, qualitative and quantitative, this article lists mosques in urban areas both in Indonesia and Spain and analyzes several aspects related to mosque management. The number of questionnaires distributed was 100 to Indonesian Muslim communities in Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi), and 100 Muslims in the City of Madrid and Sevilla, in Spain. The study found high scores for mosque management in urban Indonesia related to the community's satisfaction with the mosque services either in the social field (as the power of civil society) or in the main service fields (worship/da'wa). Meanwhile, the score for managing mosques in Spain is low. This fact is related to the issue of better access to resources: economic, socio-cultural, and political mosques in Indonesia as they are the majority population. On the other hand, Spanish Muslims often face various obstacles in building mosques, one of them being tied up with the issue of Islamophobia. In conclusion, Mosque management in Indonesia seems better than in Spain both in social services and in worship/da'wah.
Definitions and Epidemiology of Coronary Functional Abnormalities
Authors: Seitz Andreas , McChord Johanna , Bekeredjian Raffi , Sechtem Udo , Ong Peter
Published: December 2021

Coronary functional abnormalities are frequent causes of angina pectoris, particularly in patients with unobstructed coronary arteries. There is a spectrum of endotypes of functional coronary abnormalities with different mechanisms of pathology including enhanced vasoconstriction (i.e. coronary artery spasm) or impaired vasodilatation, such as impaired coronary flow reserve or increased microvascular resistance. These vasomotor abnormalities can affect various compartments of the coronary circulation such as the epicardial conduit arteries and/or the coronary microcirculation. Unequivocal categorisation and nomenclature of the broad spectrum of disease endotypes is crucial both in clinical practice as well as in clinical trials. This article describes the definitions of coronary functional abnormalities with currently accepted cut-off values, as well as diagnostic methods to identify and distinguish endotypes. The authors also provide a summary of contemporary data on the prevalence of the different endotypes of coronary functional abnormalities and their coexistence.
Notas sobre los factores naturales y culturales en el desarrollo sociopolítico prehispánico en el extremo noroeste de Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Authors: Hurtado de Mendoza Luis , Alvarado Guillermo E.
Published: December 2021

Introducción: El estudio interdisciplinario de los patrones de ocupación y  desarrollo de la sociedad humana en tiempos prehispánicos es tenue en la zona del volcán Orosí. El contexto ambiental es usualmente descrito para ilustrar patrones de subsistencia, sin mayor propósito de establecer formas de relación con los cambios que se vislumbran en la composición sociopolítica de los pobladores.

Objetivo: En este trabajo, se explora la posibilidad de ilustrar instancias de relación entre los cambios que detecta el registro arqueológico, con potenciales factores naturales y culturales, según se destacan en los aportes de otras disciplinas científicas.

Métodos: Una muestra de 111 componentes culturales identificados en sitios arqueológicos fue examinada en cuanto a su localización geográfica en diversos ecosistemas y su posición cronológica, respecto de los períodos culturales definidos en la región de Guanacaste.

Resultados: Los componentes arqueológicos se confrontan con diversos factores naturales y culturales que habría incidido como agentes de cambio. Se analizaron las instancias de relación y se valoraron sus efectos por períodos, cubriendo tiempos precerámicos y cerámicos.

Conclusiones: Se identifica como agentes naturales de cambio a la calidad de suelos, el tipo de clima, pero, ante todo, destacan los procesos culturales como el intercambio de productos, desarrollo de la agricultura y los movimientos migratorios de la población.
Diversidad de los hábitats submareales de la Península de Santa Elena e Islas Murciélago, Pacífico Norte, Costa Rica
Authors: Fernández-García Cindy , Salas-Moya Carolina , Mena Sebastián , Azofeifa-Solano Juan Carlos , Alvarado Juan José
Published: December 2021

Introducción: Los hábitats costeros de todo el mundo están experimentando una presión cada vez mayor debido a la contaminación, el desarrollo costero, la pesca y el cambio climático. Identificar y registrar la biodiversidad costera es esencial para evaluar la salud, los cambios y el alcance de la pérdida de biodiversidad de los ecosistemas. Los hábitats costeros tropicales como los arrecifes de coral y los lechos de pastos marinos han sido el foco de investigación de los científicos durante las últimas décadas; sin embargo, se han descuidado otros ecosistemas, como los bosques de macroalgas, los fondos de sedimentos submareales (20-30 m de profundidad) y los arrecifes rocosos.

Objetivo: Este trabajo reporta la biodiversidad marina asociada con arrecifes rocosos, arrecifes de coral, bosques de Sargazo y fondos submareales sedimentarios (20-30 m de profundidad), en un área tropical de afloramiento estacional (Península de Santa Elena, Bahía de Santa Elena e Islas Murciélago, Costa Rica).

Métodos: Durante la Expedición Santa Elena (21 de abril-2 de mayo de 2018), se visitaron un total de 28 sitios para registrar la biodiversidad en cuatro hábitats diferentes (arrecifes rocosos y de coral, bosques de sargazo y fondos de sedimentos submareales), utilizando SCUBA, en muestreos sistemáticos, evaluaciones visuales y en algunos fondos de sedimentos se utilizó una draga de arrastre por 20 minutos.

Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 254 taxones, siendo los peces óseos el grupo más diverso con 91 especies, seguido de los gasterópodos (25 spp.), las algas rojas (21 spp.) y los antozoos (19 spp.). Se reportan cuatro nuevos registros para el Pacífico continental de Costa Rica, incluida la subclase de una anémona tubícola (Ceriantharia).

Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran que la península de Santa Elena, la bahía de Santa Elena y las islas Murciélago albergan hábitats poco comunes y no estudiados, como bosques del alga parda Sargassum, fondos de sedimentos, arrecifes construidos por el coral masivo Pavona gigantea, que es muy inusual, y comunidades de arrecifes rocosos dominadas por colonias calcáreas de poliquetos (Salmacina tribranchiata).
Znaczenie i dynamika efektuacji w działaniach zespołów projektowych IT
Authors: Krawczyk-Bryłka Beata
Published: December 2021

Objective: To determine how beneficial the implementation of the principles of effectuation is for the effectiveness of project teams and their satisfaction.Research Design & Methods: Quantitative research was carried out on student project teams working in the IT industry, developing solutions at the request of external stakeholders. Proprietary questionnaires were used to measure the variables. The dynamics of the team model was analysed at two stages of project implementation.Findings: Decision-making models used in project implementation do not evolve dynamically. The importance of integrating effect and causal assumptions in various areas of the team’s functioning is confirmed.Implications / Recommendations: The hybrid decision-making model helps boost team effectiveness.Contribution: The analysis of the effectiveness of project teams in the context of effectuation principles is a completely new approach in the Polish literature.
Online (Çevrimiçi) Din Eğitimi Tutum Ölçeği
Authors: YALVAÇ ARICI Handan , ÇETİN Hacer
Published: December 2021

Son yıllarda online eğitimlerin yaygınlaştığı bilinmektedir. Özellikle pandemi dönemiyle birlikte online eğitimlere daha fazla talep olduğu görülmektedir. Aynı şekilde örgün ve yaygın din eğitimleri de online olarak yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Online Din Eğitimi Tutum Ölçeği geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır Veriler, elektronik ortamda hazırlanan madde formlarının, yaşları 18-40 ve üstü olan 642 yetişkin katılımcı grubuna uygulanmasıyla elde edilmiştir. Ölçek çalışması ölçek geliştirme aşamalarına bağlı kalınarak ilerletilmiştir. Ölçeğin KMO değeri 0,961, Barttlett test değeri x2(153) = 9972,397 p=0,000 olarak tespit edilmiş, chi-square değerinin ise anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonucu “bilişsel”, “duyuşsal” ve “davranışsal” olmak üzere üç faktör grubu saptanmıştır. Toplam 45 maddeden meydana gelen ölçeğin açıkladığı toplam varyans 72,766 olarak, maddelerin faktör yükleri ise 0,578 ile 0,896 arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. Madde korelasyonları incelendiğinde ise 0,30’un altında kalan bir maddenin olmadığı ve maddelerin toplam korelasyon değerlerinin 0,663 ile 0,852 arasında değişkenlik gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum maddelerin birbiri ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Aynı zamanda ölçeği oluşturan maddelerin ayırt ediciliklerini belirlemek için yapılan analiz sonucunda alt %27 ile üst %27 de bulunan puan ortalamaları bağımsız grup t-testi ile karşılaştırıldığında puan ortalamalarında anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bütün elde edilen veriler ve analizler Online Din Eğitimi Tutum Ölçeği’nin online din eğitimlerinin kazanımlarını ölçebilecek geçerli, güvenilir ve ayırt edici bir araç olduğunu göstermiştir.
Spectrometers with MAES analyzers based on new photodetector arrays
Authors:   VMK-Optoelektronika, Labusov V.A. ,   Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Behterev A.V. ,   VMK-Optoelektronika, Garanin V.G. ,   VMK-Optoelektronika
Published: December 2021

Multichannel analyzers of emission spectra (MAES) are operated as part of more than six hundred systems for atomic emission spectral analysis at enterprises in Russia, the CIS countries, and others. Until recently, MAES analyzers used only BLPP-369M1 photodetector arrays, whose performance is sufficient for integral atomic emission spectrometry applications using bright sources of spectral excitation based, for example, on an arc or spark electric discharge. To solve problems where high temporal spatial resolution and high sensitivity are required, high-speed MAES analyzers have been developed based on two new photodetector arrays—BLPP-2000 and BLPP-4000. A number of optical spectrometers based on these arrays have been developed and put into production by the VMK-Optoelektronika company: Atomic emission spectrometers: Grand Globula and Ekspress arc and spark spectrometers for the direct analysis of powders by evaporation from the channel of a graphite electrode and for the analysis of metals; Grand-Potok arc spectrometers for the rapid analysis of powders by the spill-injection method; Grand-Ekspert and Favorit argon-spark vacuum spectrometers for the rapid analysis of metals and alloys; Grand-SVCh microwave-induced nitrogen plasma spectrometers and Grand-ISP inductively-coupled argon plasma spectrometers for the analysis of liquids; Kolibri-SVCh microwave-induced air plasma spectrometers and Pavlin flame atomic emission spectrometers for the determination of alkaline and alkaline earth elements in solutions. Grand-AAS high-resolution continuous-source electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometers for the simultaneous determination of elements in liquids.
Expanding the range of determination of elements on the Grand-AAS atomic absorption spectrometer using several of their absorption lines
Authors:   Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Boldova S.S. ,   VMK-Optoelektronika, Kolosov N.A. ,   Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,   VMK-Optoelektronika, Labusov V.A. ,   Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,   VMK-Optoelektronika,   Novosibirsk State Technical University
Published: December 2021

One limitation of atomic absorption spectrometry is the narrow range of measurable concentration (1–2 orders of magnitude). In simultaneous multi-element analysis, this may require multiple dilutions of the sample to determine several elements with different concentrations in the sample. Possible ways to expand the range are to linearize the calibration curve by correcting the integral of the absorption signal or to use absorption values on the line wing as an analytical signal and plot several graphs along one line at different distances from its center. Both methods have their drawbacks. We propose another method for expanding the measurable concentration range by using less sensitive absorption lines of elements. A number of elements are identified that have a sufficient number of lines with different sensitivities. The proposed method is compared with the method of linearization of the calibration graph and the calculation of the absorption signal on the line wing. Using as an example Co and Ni, which have sufficiently rich absorption spectra, we have shown the possibility of expanding the measurable concentration range by using several absorption lines: for cobalt, the range is expanded to six orders of magnitude, and for nickel, to five orders of magnitude. Calibration curves are plotted in the concentration ranges 0.24–250.000 μg/L for cobalt and 1.9–250.000 μg/L for nickel. The calibration error is lower than that of the linearization method: 5% against 25 % for cobalt and 4% against 24% for nickel. Thus, the proposed method can be used for simultaneous multielement determination in a wide range of concentrations without diluting the sample.