bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bridging the Last-Mile Gap in Network Security via Generating Intrusion-Specific Detection Patterns through Machine Learning
Authors: Sun Xibin , Zhang Du , Qin Haiou , Tang Jiahua
Published: February 2022

With successful machine learning applications in many fields, researchers tried to introduce machine learning into intrusion detection systems for building classification models. Although experimental results showed that these classification models could produce higher accuracy in predicting network attacks on the offline datasets, compared with the operational intrusion detection systems, machine learning is rarely deployed in the real intrusion detection environment. This is what we call the last mile problem with the machine learning approach to network intrusion detection, the discrepancy between the strength and requirements of machine learning and network operational semantics. In this paper, we aim to bridge the aforementioned gap. In particular, an LCC-RF-RFEX feature selection approach is proposed to select optimal features of the specific type of attacks from dataset, and then, an intrusion-specific approach is introduced to convert them into detection patterns that can be used by the nonmachine-learning detector for the corresponding specific attack detection in the real-world network environment. To substantiate our approach, we take Snort, KDDCup’99 dataset, and Dos attacks as the experimental subjects to demonstrate how to close the last-mile gap. For the specific type of Dos attacks in the KDDCup’99 dataset, we use the LCC-RF-RFEX method to select optimal feature subset and utilize our intrusion-specific approach to generate new rules in Snort by using them. Comparing performance differences between the existing Snort rule set and our augmented Snort rule set with regard to Dos attacks, the experimental results showed that our approach expanded Snort’s detection capability of Dos attacks, on average, reduced up to 25.28% false-positive alerts for Teardrop attacks and Synflood attacks, and decreased up to 98.87% excessive alerts for Mail bomb attacks.
Longitudinal Course of Illness in Congenitally Deaf Patient with Auditory Verbal Hallucination
Authors: Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Ayani Nobutaka , Kitabayashi Yurinosuke , Narumoto Jin
Published: February 2022

Auditory verbal hallucination is one of the core symptoms of schizophrenia, same as delusions, and also occurs in many other psychiatric disorders. Significant numbers of people with congenital deafness experience auditory verbal hallucinations; however, there are only a few reports regarding the course of psychosis in people with congenital deafness. Herein, we report the case of a patient with congenital deafness and auditory verbal hallucinations whose diagnosis was changed from psychotic major depression to schizophrenia 7 years after the onset of the disease. His psychotic symptoms decreased when his primary medication was changed from an antidepressant to antipsychotic drugs, based on the change of diagnosis. In the treatment of congenitally deaf patients with auditory verbal hallucinations, the inability to communicate through spoken language may interfere with proper diagnosis and treatment. The ability to collect detailed information in ways other than through verbal language is imperative for psychiatrists to determine the appropriate diagnosis and treatment for these patients during the longitudinal course of illness.
Impact of Notch3 Activation on Aortic Aneurysm Development in Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Jespersen Kathryn , Li Chenxin , Batra Rishi , Stephenson Christopher A. , Harding Paul , Sestak Kylie , Foley Ryan T. , Greene Harrison , Meisinger Trevor , Cook Jason R. , Baxter B. Timothy , Xiong Wanfen
Published: February 2022

Background. The leading cause of mortality in patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS) is thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. Notch signaling is essential for vessel morphogenesis and function. However, the role of Notch signaling in aortic pathology and aortic smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation in Marfan syndrome (MFS) is not completely understood. Methods. RNA-sequencing on ascending aortic tissue from a mouse model of MFS, Fbn1mgR/mgR, and wild-type controls was performed. Notch 3 expression and activation in aortic tissue were confirmed with real-time RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. Fbn1mgR/mgR and wild-type mice were treated with a γ-secretase inhibitor, DAPT, to block Notch activation. Aortic aneurysms and rupture were evaluated with connective tissue staining, ultrasound, and life table analysis. Results. The murine RNA-sequencing data were validated with mouse and human MFS aortic tissue, demonstrating elevated Notch3 activation in MFS. Data further revealed that upregulation and activation of Notch3 were concomitant with increased expression of SMC contractile markers. Inhibiting Notch3 activation with DAPT attenuated aortic enlargement and improved survival of Fbn1mgR/mgR mice. DAPT treatment reduced elastin fiber fragmentation in the aorta and reversed the differentiation of SMCs. Conclusions. Our data demonstrated that matrix abnormalities in the aorta of MFS are associated with increased Notch3 activation. Enhanced Notch3 activation in MFS contributed to aortic aneurysm formation in MFS. This might be mediated by inducing a contractile phenotypic change of SMC. Our results suggest that inhibiting Notch3 activation may provide a strategy to prevent and treat aortic aneurysms in MFS.
Effectiveness of Positive Psychotherapy on Depression and Alexithymia in Women Applying for a Divorce
Authors: Khalili Diana , Khalili Nadia , Jafari Eisa
Published: February 2022

Background. The new therapeutic approach of positive psychotherapy has successfully treated severe mental disorders such as depression and mood disorders. However, existing research has not sufficiently measured the usefulness of this treatment in reducing depression and alexithymia. Objectives. This study thus examined the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy in reducing these two conditions in a specific population: Iranian women applying for the divorce. Methods. A total of 40 participants aged 20-40 with a high score in the Beck Depression Inventory and Toronto Alexithymia Questionnaire were recruited from women referred to a psychology clinic for divorce-related problems. The pretest, posttest, and follow-up were conducted with all participants, who were randomly placed in two groups: the experimental and control groups, which each consisted of 20 people. We provided eight positive psychotherapy sessions for only the experimental group. Results. After MANCOVA was conducted, the results showed that positive psychotherapy significantly decreased alexithymia and depression in the test population.
SKIA-SH: A Symmetric Key-Based Improved Lightweight Authentication Scheme for Smart Homes
Authors: Alzahrani Bander A. , Barnawi Ahmed , Albarakati Abdullah , Irshad Azeem , Khan Muhammad Asghar , Chaudhry Shehzad Ashraf
Published: February 2022

Being one of the finest applications of the IoT, smart homes (SHs) with an aim to improve quality of life are taking over the traditional lifestyles. The entities within a SH communicate with each other and with the environment including the users to transform daily life seamlessly enjoyable and easy. However, owing to the public communication infrastructure, the advantages of SH are subject to security and privacy issues. Recently, Yu et al. presented a privacy and security solution for SH environment. The scheme of Yu et al. is based on lightweight symmetric key functions. Although the scheme of Yu et al. exhibits the lightweight property, it is proven in this paper that their scheme cannot provide mutual authentication due to a crucial design fault. An improved scheme using symmetric key functions for SH (SKIA-SH) is proposed in this paper. The security of the proposed scheme is furnished through formal BAN logic followed by brief discussion on security attribute provision of the proposed SKIA-SH. The comparisons show that the proposed SKIA-SH provides the required security on the cost of slight increase in computation and communication costs. The simulation results show that the SKIA-SH completes an authentication round by exchanging 216 bytes in just 5.34 ms.
Female Employment Data Analysis Based on Decision Tree Algorithm and Association Rule Analysis Method
Authors: Liu Hong , Liu Junxia
Published: February 2022

Improving the employment rate and quality of women’s employment has been a hot spot of social concern in recent years. Traditional female employment information has not been fully utilized; only simple storage and query functions have been completed. In order to mine and use female employment information, we find the rules that exist in it, and to better understand the current female employment problems, this article focuses on the data mining of female employment information data. This paper introduces in detail the current employment trends of women and the advantages of decision tree algorithms, the hot content and key technical points of data mining technology, the research progress of this technology at home and abroad, etc. Decision tree analysis algorithm for association rules: According to the formula calculus, the advantages of the decision tree algorithm and the association rule analysis method are displayed more clearly. The model of female employment information is mainly constructed, and the process of data collection and data model establishment is introduced. According to a set of female employment information data, the algorithm is analyzed through the decision tree analysis algorithm based on association rules, and the reliability of the algorithm is verified. Finally, the whole article is summarized, and its basic contents are explained. The decision tree analysis method based on association rules can effectively dig out the information hidden in the female employment information data, and it has an important role in guiding the self planning of college women. This algorithm has the characteristics of high operating efficiency and stable results, and it also has a positive effect on other types of data mining.
Intelligent Method for Real-Time Portable EEG Artifact Annotation in Semiconstrained Environment Based on Computer Vision
Authors: Qian Xuesheng , Wang Mianjie , Wang Xinyue , Wang Yihang , Dai Weihui
Published: February 2022

As a convenient device for observing neural activity in the natural environment, portable EEG technology (PEEGT) has an extensive prospect in expanding neuroscience research into natural applications. However, unlike in the laboratory environment, PEEGT is usually applied in a semiconstrained environment, including management and engineering, generating much more artifacts caused by the subjects’ activities. Due to the limitations of existing artifacts annotation, the problem limits PEEGT to take advantage of portability and low-test cost, which is a crucial obstacle for the potential application of PEEGT in the natural environment. This paper proposes an intelligent method to identify two leading antecedent causes of EEG artifacts, participant’s blinks and head movements, and annotate the time segments of artifacts in real time based on computer vision (CV). Furthermore, it changes the original postprocessing mode based on artifact signal recognition to the preprocessing mode based on artifact behavior recognition by the CV method. Through a comparative experiment with three artifacts mark operators and the CV method, we verify the effectiveness of the method, which lays a foundation for accurate artifact removal in real time in the next step. It enlightens us on how to adopt computer technology to conduct large-scale neurotesting in a natural semiconstrained environment outside the laboratory without expensive laboratory equipment or high manual costs.
Glutamate: A Safe Nutrient, Not Just a Simple Additive
Authors: Loï Cécile , Cynober Luc
Published: February 2022

Background: In 2017, a European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) opinion on the use of glutamate and its salts as food additives led to an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 30 mg/kg body weight/day. Then, in 2021, an EFSA statement presented a proposal for harmonizing the establishment of Health-Based Guidance Values for nutrients that are also regulated substances (including food additives). The present review argues that the 2017 glutamate ADI is unsuitable because safety of glutamate should firstly consider its status as a nutrient and not only as an additive. Summary: Glutamate is a non-essential amino acid playing a key role in nitrogen homeostasis. The dietary exposure to glutamate in adults is extensive, due to its ubiquitous presence in foods, under three forms: bound to proteins, naturally free and free form added as an additive. Glutamate naturally included in proteins is the major source of dietary glutamate. Thus, since it plays a role in nitrogen homeostasis, it is a nutrient before being an additive. Its pharmacokinetics are largely impacted by concomitant food intake, but the extent to which plasma glutamate concentration must rise to have deleterious effects is never encountered in humans consuming glutamate in their daily diets. This is due to the fact that glutamate is highly metabolized in the splanchnic area. Key Message: Glutamate should be considered as a safe nutrient before being considered as an additive by risk assessor.
Comparison of Mortality Prediction Scores in Intermediate-Care Patients with Liver Cirrhosis at a German University Transplant Centre: A Prospective Study
Authors: Jahn Michael , Raschidi Lea , Özçürümez Mustafa K. , Arzideh Farhad , Korth Johannes , Kribben Andreas , Canbay Ali , Katsounas Antonios
Published: February 2022

Background and Aims: Mortality prediction models help to extract and relate patient data upon admission to intensive or intermediate care units (ImCUs). Considering technical and economic healthcare developments, re-evaluations of score performances are required to warrant their validity. This study validates and compares established scoring systems in cirrhotic ImCU patients. Methods: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) 2 and 3, Sepsis Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), Mortality Probability Model at ICU admission (MPMo) II and III, Model for End stage Liver Disease (MELD), CLIF-Consortium Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (CLIF-C ACLF), CLIF-Consortium Acute Decompensation (CLIF-C AD), and Intermediate Care Unit Severity Score (ImCUSS) were calculated in patients with cirrhosis (n = 98) at ImCU admission. Discrimination performances were evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs), calibration performances with calibration belt plots, and their corresponding p values. Results: Overall, SAPS 3 and CLIF-C ACLF have shown the best 90-day mortality prediction outcomes with AUROCs of 0.825 and 0.783 along with calibration belt p values of 0.128 and 0.061, respectively. In a subgroup analysis of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), expanded SAPS 2, SOFA, and SAPS 3 reached the best AUROCs, i.e., 0.760, 0.750, and 0.714, but none of the tested scores reached an acceptable calibration. Conclusion: Ninety-day mortality risk prediction of the SAPS 3 and CLIF-C ACLF was accurate in our cohort of patients with liver cirrhosis admitted to ImCUs. A particular challenge remains that is the mortality prediction in patients with ACLF requiring ImCU-level care; here, further developments are needed to generate scores with acceptable predictive performances.
Semilleros de investigación como espacio de reconocimiento de personas con altas capacidades
Authors: Gallardo Cerón Blanca Nelly , Duque-Castaño David Santiago
Published: February 2022

(analítico)Se presentan los resultados de una investigación sobre semilleros de investigación como espacio de reconocimiento de personas con altas capacidades y talentos. Ejecutado a partir de la ruta fenomenológica y hermenéutica, utilizó como técnica la entrevista semiestructurada a cinco participantes con más de cinco años en semilleros de investigación, la cual fue interpretada a través de un análisis estructural. Se logra refigurar el concepto de semilleros de investigación y plantearlos como espacios de reconocimiento que configuran nuevas identidades y agenciamientos para la constitución de personas capaces, con apertura de sentidos hacia las posibilidades del reconocimiento mutuo y agenciamiento de nuevas prácticas en el ámbito académico, laboral y social. Las líneas de sentido son construidas por los semilleristas en contraposición a los procesos escolares; lo cual deja abierta la posibilidad de otros procesos de reconocimiento.
Palabras clave:  Reconocimiento; superdotado; hermenéutica; integración social; altas capacidades; semilleros de investigación.
Avaliação da atenção em saúde em pacientes com atresia de vias biliares em um hospital terciário no Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Gallindo Rodrigo Melo , Medeiros Caline Siqueira de , Holanda Eduardo Vidal de , Cordeiro Raquel Nogueira , Lima Diego Laurentino , Pires Melina Franco
Published: February 2022

Introdução: a atresia de vias biliares (AVB) é uma patologia pediátrica rara, mas é a principal causa de transplante hepático em crianças, se não revertida com a realização da portoenterostomia em Y-de-Roux (cirurgia de Kasai) em tempo adequado. Nota-se tendência de atraso do procedimento cirúrgico em todo o Brasil, sendo necessária investigação de sua causa. Objetivo: determinar o perfil epidemiológico do paciente com AVB e avaliar a atenção em saúde voltada para este em hospital terciário. Método: foi realizado um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, transversal, a partir de prontuários dos pacientes com diagnóstico de AVB acompanhados em hospital terciário entre 1996 e 2015. Resultados: dos 72 pacientes da amostra inicial, somente 52 pacientes tiveram prontuários completamente disponibilizados pelo arquivo do hospital. Dentre os 26 pacientes incluídos, a média de idade à admissão foi de 87,9 dias (± 57,9), com realização de ultrassonografia (USG) em 24 casos e necessidade de repetição do exame em 10. A cirurgia de Kasai foi realizada em 50% dos pacientes, sendo 38,4% antes dos 60 dias de vida. Dos pacientes operados tardiamente, 25% foram transplantados e 50% foram a óbito, enquanto que, entre os 4 operados em tempo hábil, somente um foi transplantado e não houve óbitos. Conclusão: as dificuldades diagnósticas, em especial, falha de suspeição de AVB, na atenção básica ou terciária, além de um percentual de 41,6% de USG com resultados falso-negativos retardaram o momento cirúrgico, confirmando o pior desfecho do paciente operado tardiamente.
Sintomas ansiosos e depressivos em idosos na atenção primária à saúde em Maceió – AL
Authors: Farias Warlla Melo de , Aguiar Iago Moura , Martins Klayne Cristiane , Santos Jaiel Bispo dos , Maximiano-Barreto Madson Alan , Fermoseli André Fernando de Oliveira
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Analisar a ocorrência de sintomas ansiosos e depressivos em idosos atendidos na atenção primária à saúde. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal e não probabilístico realizado com 171 idosos com idade entre 60-94 anos atendidos em unidade de saúde atenção primária. Os idosos responderam um questionário sociodemográfico, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS-15) e Inventário de Ansiedade Geriátrica (GAI). Resultados: Os resultados demonstram uma alta prevalência de indivíduos do sexo feminino 72,5%. Além disso, identificou-se que idosos com idade entre 60-69 anos e baixa escolaridade apresentam maiores “sintomas depressivos”. Os fatores “ser divorciado” e “baixa escolaridade” foram associados a “sintomas ansiosos” nos idosos. Conclusão: Os fatores sociodemográficos têm demonstrado bastante influência na ocorrência dos sintomas depressivos e ansiosos entre a população idosa.
Entre os interesses empresarial e público: impactos da comunicação organizacional diante da desinformação
Authors: Calonego Renata , Carareto Mariana , Andrelo Roseane
Published: February 2022

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar iniciativas empresariais de combate à covid-19 diante da problemática da desinformação, para refletir sobre o impacto público da comunicação organizacional. A partir de uma fundamentação teórica para contextualizar o debate, realizamos a análise crítica do discurso das estratégias comunicacionais iniciais do movimento Unidos pela Vacina. Os resultados sugerem questões sobre o limite entre os interesses empresarial e público em ações de impacto social das empresas.
Comprometimento organizacional na comunicação organizacional e relações públicas: uso do conceito em publicações científicas
Authors: Videira Denise Pragana
Published: February 2022

O artigo examinou em publicações científicas brasileiras da área da comunicação organizacional e de relações públicas se os autores, ao referirem-se ao comprometimento organizacional, usavam conceitos teóricos. Os resultados demonstraram que o comprometimento organizacional vem sendo empregado na área da comunicação com base no senso comum e são poucos os textos que trazem o conceito referendado por teorias. As constatações abrem espaço para que futuras pesquisas proponham bases conceituais do comprometimento organizacional sob o foco da comunicação.
CYP2C19
Genotype‐Guided Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Diverse Clinical Settings
Authors: Beitelshees Amber L. , Thomas Cameron D. , Empey Philip E. , Stouffer George A. , Angiolillo Dominick J. , Franchi Francesco , Tuteja Sony , Limdi Nita A. , Lee James C. , Duarte Julio D. , Kreutz Rolf P. , Skaar Todd C. , Coons James C. , Giri Jay , McDonough Caitrin W. , Rowland Rachel , Stevenson James M. , Thai Thuy , Vesely Mark R. , Wellen Jacob T. , Johnson Julie A. , Winterstein Almut G. , Cavallari Larisa H. , Lee Craig R. ,   Implementing Genomics in Practice (IGNITE) Network Pharmacogenetics Working Group
Published: February 2022

Background

Studies have demonstrated increased risk of major atherothrombotic events in
CYP2C19
loss‐of‐function (LOF) variant carriers versus non‐carriers treated with clopidogrel after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We sought to evaluate real‐world outcomes with the clinical implementation of
CYP2C19
‐guided antiplatelet therapy after PCI.

Methods and Results

Data from 9 medical centers where genotyping was performed in the setting of PCI were included. Alternative therapy with prasugrel or ticagrelor was recommended for patients with a
CYP2C19
LOF variant. The primary outcome was the composite of major atherothrombotic events (all‐cause death, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, stent thrombosis, or hospitalization for unstable angina) within 12 months following PCI. Moderate or severe/life‐threatening bleeding within 12 months was a secondary outcome. Among 3342 patients, 1032 (31%) were LOF carriers, of whom 571/1032 (55%) were treated with alternative therapy. In LOF carriers, the rate of major atherothrombotic events was lower in patients treated with alternative therapy versus clopidogrel (adjusted HR, 0.56; 95% CI 0.39–0.82). In those without a LOF allele, no difference was observed (adjusted HR, 1.07; 95% CI 0.71–1.60). There was no difference in bleeding with alternative therapy versus clopidogrel in either LOF carriers or those without a LOF allele.

Conclusions

Real‐world data demonstrate lower atherothrombotic risk in
CYP2C19
LOF carriers treated with alternative therapy versus clopidogrel and similar risk in those without a LOF allele treated with clopidogrel or alternative therapy. These data suggest that PCI patients treated with clopidogrel should undergo genotyping so that
CYP2C19
LOF carriers can be identified and treated with alternative therapy.
Functional connectivity of fMRI using differential covariance predicts structural connectivity and behavioral reaction times
Authors: Chen Yusi , Bukhari Qasim , Lin Tiger W. , Sejnowski Terrence J.
Published: February 2022

Recordings from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) reflect the influence of pathways between brain areas. A wide range of methods have been proposed to measure this functional connectivity (FC), but the lack of “ground truth” has made it difficult to systematically validate them. Most measures of FC produce connectivity estimates that are symmetrical between brain areas. Differential covariance (dCov) is an algorithm for analyzing FC with directed graph edges. When we applied dCov to rs-fMRI recordings from the human connectome project (HCP) and anesthetized mice, dCov-FC accurately identified strong cortical connections from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) in individual humans and viral tract tracing in mice. In addition, those HCP subjects whose dCov-FCs were more integrated, as assessed by a graph-theoretic measure, tended to have shorter reaction times in several behavioral tests. Thus, dCov-FC was able to identify anatomically verified connectivity that yielded measures of brain integration significantly correlated with behavior.
A Weak Shadow of Early Life Language Processing Persists in the Right Hemisphere of the Mature Brain
Authors: Martin Kelly C. , Seydell-Greenwald Anna , Berl Madison M. , Gaillard William D. , Turkeltaub Peter E. , Newport Elissa L.
Published: February 2022

Studies of language organization show a striking change in cerebral dominance for language over development: We begin life with a left hemisphere (LH) bias for language processing, which is weaker than that in adults and which can be overcome if there is a LH injury. Over development this LH bias becomes stronger and can no longer be reversed. Prior work has shown that this change results from a significant reduction in the magnitude of language activation in right hemisphere (RH) regions in adults compared to children. Here we investigate whether the spatial distribution of language activation, albeit weaker in magnitude, still persists in homotopic RH regions of the mature brain. Children aged 4–13 (n = 39) and young adults (n = 14) completed an auditory sentence comprehension fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) task. To equate neural activity across the hemispheres, we applied fixed cutoffs for the number of active voxels that would be included in each hemisphere for each participant. To evaluate homotopicity, we generated left-right flipped versions of each activation map, calculated spatial overlap between the LH and RH activity in frontal and temporal regions, and tested for mean differences in the spatial overlap values between the age groups. We found that, in children as well as in adults, there was indeed a spatially intact shadow of language activity in the right frontal and temporal regions homotopic to the LH language regions. After a LH stroke in adulthood, recovering early-life activation in these regions might assist in enhancing recovery of language abilities.
Islamic Law in German Courts
Authors: Rohe Mathias
Published: February 2022

The application of Islamic law in a Western country—enforced by Western courts—may cause considerable irritation among many citizens in our countries. There are well-known issues of tension between traditional Islamic rules, especially those relating to Family law, and Western legal convictions. Nevertheless, Islamic law is indeed generally applicable in Germany on two levels. The rules of German Private International Law may lead to such a result; furthermore, an area of—indirect—application opens up within the framework of the so-called “optional” civil law. The task of German courts in such cases is to clarify the limits of public order (public policy) which may prevent the application of provisions contrary to the German legal standard of human rights. After having defined the levels of application of Islamic law in Germany, this article focuses on the Germany court practice concerning “critical” issues of Family law such as the rules on marriage, divorce, maintenance, guardianship, custody and adoption.
“The Woman Follows the Nationality of Her Husband”
Authors: Sonbol Amira El-Azhary
Published: February 2022

Many of the problems faced by Muslim women in the twentieth century were not due to the traditions or peculiarities of Islam. Rather, modernstate building and the new issues that presented themselves in such a process, led to a patriarchal structure supported by the state and its laws. The power given to the father/husband by modern laws included physical custody over the “person” and property of wife and children.
Some Legal Issues Concerning the EU-NATO Berlin Plus Agreement
Authors: Reichard Martin
Published: February 2022

The ‘Berlin Plus’ agreement of 16 December 2002 now allows the EU to draw on some of NATO’s military assets in its own peacekeeping operations. The exact legal nature of the agreement, however, appears doubtful. Yet – given that political actors often resort to legal arguments in case of a dispute – the question of whether it is binding under international law is likely to be raised in the future. First, a short historical overview is given of the development of relations between the EU and NATO. In some respects, these are a mirror image of the co-operation NATO previously entertained with the western European Union. However, since the French-British meeting of St-Mâlo these relations have assumed features of their own, for instance equal status for the EU. The text of the ‘Berlin Plus’ agreement is then tested against the constitutive characteristics of a treaty in international law. In conclusion, the ‘Berlin Plus’ is nothing but a non-binding agreement. The most important reason for this is that the EU manifestly lacked treaty-making competence, as the agreement was concluded by its High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy, not by the statutory organ provided for in such cases in the Treaty on European Union. Nevertheless, as the parties proceed to implement the ‘Berlin Plus’ according to its stated terms, legally binding force may arise for some of its contents through estoppel.
A Review of the Social Justice Function of Clinical Legal Education in Africa
Authors: Kotonya Anne
Published: February 2022

This article investigates the developments in the social justice function of clinical legal education in African countries. It is based on a systematic review conducted to provide conceptual, methodological and thematic guidance into scholarship on the utilisation of clinical legal education in African countries to meet justice needs of the indigent in society. The results are analysed and clustered into themes about scholarship on the law school, the university law clinic and challenges encountered in this endeavour. The narrative findings suggest an increased application of clinical legal education as a result of reforms in African law schools although this increase is not supported by a corresponding increase in related research and publication. The article therefore highlights gaps in knowledge and delineates a future trajectory by making suggestions for further research.
The Pagan Father for Olympias the Deaconess
Authors: Vedeshkin Mikhail A.
Published: February 2022

The article examines the problem of family ties of Olympias the Deaconess of Constantinople. Refuting the criticism of B. Schouler, F. Chausson, and P. Janiszewski, the author gives additional arguments in favor of the version of O. Seeck, who thought that Olympias was a daughter of the priest Seleucus, a friend of emperor Julian and Libanius. It is suggested that this Seleucus was an apostate, who had been brought up as a Christian and converted to paganism. At the same time, the author corrects Seeck’s ideas and speaks out against the traditional identification of the deaconess with the first daughter of Seleucus and his wife Alexandra, arguing that she was the second or third child of that couple.
Seeing Pains
Authors: Slater B.H.
Published: February 2022

P.M.S. Hacker, recounting some of Wittgenstein's views, says (Hacker 1996, pl34):

[T]he pervasive conception of behaviour that has informed philosophical psychology for the last three centuries has misrepresented human behaviour as 'bare bodily movement', from which it is supposed we infer, by analogy or inference to best explanation, the inner state and so on from which the behaviour might be thought to arise ... But we see the pain in a person's face hear the glee in his chortles, perceive the affection in the looks and gestures of lovers.

In this paper I explain how this can be, before meeting several objections.
Axial and radial wood maturation in three mistletoe ‘giants’ (Loranthaceae)
Authors: Sibinelli Victor , Ceccantini Gregório
Published: February 2022

The formation of juvenile wood featuring greater cell variation relative to mature wood is a well-known phenomenon. Once wood attains maturity, it has both more consistent cell sizes and organization. This is especially well understood for large trees used for paper and timber production, but less so for shrubs and bushes. Despite its importance, there is very little information on the wood anatomy and wood maturation available for some lineages such as the Loranthaceae (Santalales), which are mostly composed of shrubby mistletoes. Here, we studied three of the largest known mistletoe species to analyse the variation of xylem structure within both the radial and the axial axis of the stem. Using classical anatomical techniques, we determined at which point, both in thickness and in distance from the apex, these parasitic plants start producing mature wood. We measured vessel element length, fibre length, vessel diameter, and vessel density on multiple points of either very thick or very long branches of three different mistletoe species: Struthanthus rhynchophyllus, Tripodanthus acutifolius and Psittacanthus robustus. Our findings suggest that Loranthaceae mistletoes reach wood maturity rather early, with very minor differences between juvenile and mature woods. These results open new avenues for further research on the wood anatomy of mistletoe’s stems, enabling the use of smaller samples, such as those commonly present in herbarium vouchers.
Reshaping Phonetics
Authors: Zhu Xiaonong
Published: February 2022

This paper proposes that the fundamental categories in phonetics are not “segment” and “suprasegmental”, but rather “segment” and “phonation”, which result from the articulatory activities in the vocal tract and the phonatory activities at the glottis respectively. The “phonatory activities” consist of four sub-categories: phonationals (phonation modes), sub-phonationals (sub-phonation modes), supra-phonationals and quasi-phonationals. There are six types and twelve sub-types of phonation modes in linguistic phonetics, which can be used to define three tonal registers in syllabics (syllable-based phonology). Under such an analysis, pitch and length are not suprasegmentals, but rather supra-phonationals. The so-called quasi-phonationals refer to two kinds of laryngeal activities, implosive and ejective, which are classified as “non-pulmonic” consonants in traditional phonetics. This new “vocal tract – laryngeal” dichotomy system not only covers the former “segment and suprasegmental” system, but can serve to categorize the world’s languages and to illuminate the transition from polysyllabic accentual languages to monosyllabic tonal languages. Finally, a hypothesis that breathy voice results from humid climates is put forward.
The Phonetic Cause of Sound Change from Voiceless Stops to Implosives
Authors: Cun Xi
Published: February 2022

Currently, no relevant study provides a proper phonetic explanation regarding the origin of implosives in Chinese dialects. The present study proposes that the active lowering of the larynx is used as a strategy to initiate voicing when pronouncing the fortis voiceless stop, which possibly results in the sound change from fortis voiceless stops to implosives. This phenomenon is observed in the Chaozhou dialect, in which a phonetic variant of the voiceless stop occurs with pre-voicing, and the transient drop of the intra-oral pressure (Po) occurs before oral release. It was found that the use of the ingressive glottalic airstream occurs more often when the voiceless stops are pronounced with either extremely long oral closure or with very high intra-oral pressure.
Tonal Extrusion of Three Falling Contours in Meixian Hakka:
Authors: Yan Xiuhong
Published: February 2022

Generally, words with ancient voiceless consonants in the rising tone and those in the departing tone belong to distinct modern tone categories in Hakka dialects like Meixian, Pingyuan, Jiaoling and Wuping. However, there are some notable exceptions. Some words in the ancient rising tone are pronounced in the departing tone and vice versa. This paper first describes the phenomena based on dialect reports. Through geographical and systematic analyses, the author then concludes it is the loss of the lower-register departing tone in the synchronic context of three falling contours that has caused this tone mixture to occur.
The Italian Communist Party, Wars and Revolutions
Authors: Sassoon Donald
Published: February 2022

Following the path dependence principle, the article describes the emergence of communism and the role played by wars and revolutions as unrepeatable and extraordinary catalyst factors. According to this view, communist parties can be considered institutions that outlasted the situations that created them and that, to survive, have been constantly forced to adapt to new circumstances such as fascism, the cold war or the clash of ussr. In this framework, the article describes the peculiar path of the Italian Communist Party (pci).
Parliament v. Courts: Who has the Final Word?
Authors: Kiss Rebeka
Published: February 2022

Ludovika – University of Public Service, Faculty of Public Governance and International Studies organized an international online conference on 29 November 2021 on the justiciability of parliamentary procedures. As part of the conference, four presentations were given, focusing on the issue of legal remedies against parliamentary proceedings and the lack thereof. In this context, the speakers reflected on the question of whether the justiciability of parliamentary procedures is a threat to the rule of law or a necessary element of it, and on the question of how a constitutional court can become an arbitrator in political conflicts and how does it shape the constitutional concept of parliamentarism. The presentations provided a comprehensive overview of the Hungarian, Austrian, Italian, and Czech practices. The conference was moderated by Zsolt Szabó, Senior Research Fellow at the Ludovika – University of Public Service and the Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Parliamentary Studies.
Notes on the Indo-Australian genus Ziridava Walker (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae), with description of two new species
Authors: SCHMIDT OLGA , TAUTEL CLAUDE
Published: February 2022

The present review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the genus Ziridava Walker by presenting images of available genitalia slides of the holotypes and paratypes and identifying research gaps for future studies. Two new species, namely Z. mauriakra sp. nov. from the Philippines and Z. orchidensis sp. nov. from the Lanyu Island (Taiwan), are described and illustrated. They share the characteristics of the genus Ziridava, including the uncus reduced to a short trident, the long, slender valvae with costa distinctly broadened for basal one-fourth, the broad juxta constricted medially and the saccus rather rectangular with rounded corners in males and the square-shaped papillae anales, the ductus seminalis arising from a lateral lobe of corpus bursa, with a signum comprised of scobinate patches on the dorsal and ventral surface of corpus bursa in females.
1. The Traveller as Internationalist
Authors: Chaudhuri Supriya
Published: February 2022

Syed Mujtaba Ali’s Deshe Bideshe (At Home and Abroad), the record of a year’s stay (1927-28) in Afghanistan by a scholarly Bengali, born in Sylhet and educated in Tagore’s Visva-Bharati, was published after India’s independence in 1948. The book is deservedly well-known as a travel narrative in Bengal (it has also been recently translated into English), and its author is celebrated for his cosmopolitanism, wit, scholarship in many languages, and peripatetic career across national boundaries (he taught and studied in India, Afghanistan, Germany, Egypt, Pakistan, and Bangladesh). Like certain other Bengalis of his generation, Mujtaba Ali has also achieved some notoriety for having hoped for a German victory in World War II to rid India of colonial rule, though he was not a fascist sympathizer. This chapter focuses on the time of publication – 1948 – of Mujtaba Ali’s record of his Kabul experiences, dating from nearly two decades earlier. The narrative itself records a political crisis in Afghanistan’s history: the attempt in 1928 by its ruler, Amanullah Khan, to introduce social reforms including a measure of emancipation for women, followed by a violent tribal revolt that led to his abdication. Mujtaba Ali’s account was published just the year after the Asian Relations Conference in Delhi in 1947, where the seeds of the Non-Aligned Movement had been sown. Syed Mujtaba Ali himself was the first director of the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (from 1950), and in charge of publishing its journal. The chapter examines these conjunctions of politics and print – especially in the light of Naeem Mohaiemen’s recent three-screen film on the Non-Aligned Movement, Two Meetings and a Funeral, shown at Documenta 14 in Kassel and nominated for the Turner Prize in 2018.
2. Writing Friendship
Authors: Yan Jia
Published: February 2022

Sino-Indian literary relations blossomed in the 1950s, in the aftermath of India’s Independence and the establishment of the People’s Republic of China – which India was the first to recognize – but also in the international context of the Bandung Conference, of which Nehru and Zhou-Enlai were protagonists. Apart from the international writers’ Conferences (the first of which was organized in Delhi in 1956), bilateral cultural diplomacy took primarily the form of visits by delegations and brought about unprecedented cross-border travel of and direct contact between Chinese and Indian writers. This also brings to light the fissures in the declared internationalist solidarity. Many of these writers, including Bing Xin, Yan Wenjing, Mulk Raj Anand, Khwaja Ahmad Abbas, and Amrit Rai, embraced the literary form of travelogue to document, reflect on, and disseminate their travel experiences and observations. Focusing on several travelogues written in three different languages (Chinese, Hindi, and English), this chapter argues that, despite the shared willingness to foster mutual understanding, distinctive asymmetries existed in how cultural diplomacy was carried out in China and India respectively, and in how writers interpreted and represented the other country’s postcolonial realities. On the Chinese side, these visits were managed by Communist state institutions, whereas on the Indian side, Chinese visitors met a mixture of government and civic society representatives, only the latter usually Communists. And only some of the Indian visitors to China were committed Communists; others were sympathetic but Congress-leaning, yet others strongly critical of Communism. Partly because of the different degree of state involvement, Chinese writers reported about their Indian visits in an almost unanimous and positive way, while the Indian writers’ assessment of the newly established Communist China varied according to their political inclination. Often published immediately after the visit and with the author’s “eyewitness” perspective and objectivity emphasised, these travelogues were intended to (re)shape the public perception in one society of the other, either bolstering or challenging the official rhetoric of “brotherhood” (Hindi-Chini bhai-bhai).
4. Publishing the Resistance
Authors: Srivastava Neelam
Published: February 2022

Publishing houses and other cultural firms were key players in shaping the Italian cultural sphere after 1945. They also focused public attention on anti-colonial liberation struggles by translating works by Fanon, Cabral, Guevara, and other major Third-Worldists for Italian audiences. The editor Giulio Einaudi was particularly instrumental in helping to reconstruct Italian culture after the end of fascism, and was a highly committed and politicized publisher, with links to the Italian Communist Party and the more radical section of the Italian left; so much so that throughout the 1950s, 60s, and 70s (and beyond), the Einaudi book was perceived as “explicitly militant”. Einaudi promoted a series of books on the Algerian war of liberation against colonial France. The editor Giangiacomo Feltrinelli also published numerous texts related to Third-Worldism and anti-colonial nationalism. This chapter explores how Italian “resistance literature” took shape in those years across anti-fascist and anti-colonial contexts, through a look at publications in the Einaudi and Feltrinelli catalogues. Einaudi editors such as Italo Calvino, Giovanni Pirelli, and Raniero Panzieri were instrumental in creating a literary canon, later called Letteratura della Resistenza, that took on a multi-generic form. Narratives of the Resistance, relying as they did on testimony and documentary, traversed the categories of “saggistica” (or what today we would call non-fiction) and “narrativa” (or fiction). By looking at classic anti-fascist texts such as Primo Levi’s If This is A Man and Carlo Levi’s Christ Stopped at Eboli alongside anti-colonial/Third-Worldist writing published by Einaudi in the first thirsty years or so after the end of World War II, such as Pirelli’s books of testimonies about the Algerian war, the chapter begins to outline the features of a “resistance aesthetics” of narratives by Italian intellectuals and artists who had fought in the Resistance and who now turned to anti-colonial writing as an ideal continuation of their cause. This “resistance aesthetics” which draws on literary and artistic currents of the Italian postwar, such as realism and neorealism, played a central role in re-imagining the Italian nation both in anti-fascist and in internationalist, anti-colonial terms, and also widens the concept of resistance beyond Italy to encompass a shared solidarity with anti-colonial struggle.