bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dethiosulfovibrio salsuginis sp. nov., an anaerobic, slightly halophilic bacterium isolated from a saline spring
Authors: Díaz-Cárdenas C. , López G. , Patel B. K. C. , Baena S.
Published: November 2009

A mesophilic, strictly anaerobic, slightly halophilic bacterium, designated strain USBA 82T, was isolated from a terrestrial saline spring in the Colombian Andes. The non-spore-forming curved rods (5–7×1.3 μm) with pointed or rounded ends, stained Gram-negative and were motile by means of laterally inserted flagella. The strain grew optimally at 30 °C (growth range 20–40 °C), pH 7.3 (growth range pH 5.5–8.5) and 2 % (w/v) NaCl (growth range 0.1–7 % NaCl). The strain fermented peptides, amino acids and a few organic acids, but growth was not observed on carbohydrates, alcohols or fatty acids. The strain reduced thiosulfate and sulfur to sulfide. Sulfate, sulfite, nitrate and nitrite were not used as electron acceptors. On peptone alone, acetate, succinate, propionate and traces of ethanol were formed, but in the presence of thiosulfate, acetate and succinate were formed. The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was 52 mol% (T
m).16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain USBA 82T was affiliated to Dethiosulfovibrio peptidovorans within the phylum Synergistetes with a similarity value of approximately 93 %. Based on the differences between the new strain and the type species of the genus Dethiosulfovibrio, we suggest that strain USBA 82T represents a novel species of the genus for which the name Dethiosulfovibrio salsuginis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is USBA 82T (=DSM 21565T=KCTC 5659T).
Geobacter daltonii sp. nov., an Fe(III)- and uranium(VI)-reducing bacterium isolated from a shallow subsurface exposed to mixed heavy metal and hydrocarbon contamination
Authors: Prakash Om , Gihring Thomas M. , Dalton Dava D. , Chin Kuk-Jeong , Green Stefan J. , Akob Denise M. , Wanger Greg , Kostka Joel E.
Published: November 2009

An Fe(III)- and uranium(VI)-reducing bacterium, designated strain FRC-32T, was isolated from a contaminated subsurface of the USA Department of Energy Oak Ridge Field Research Center (ORFRC) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, where the sediments are exposed to mixed waste contamination of radionuclides and hydrocarbons. Analyses of both 16S rRNA gene and the Geobacteraceae-specific citrate synthase (gltA) mRNA gene sequences retrieved from ORFRC sediments indicated that this strain was abundant and active in ORFRC subsurface sediments undergoing uranium(VI) bioremediation. The organism belonged to the subsurface clade of the genus Geobacter and shared 92–98 % 16S rRNA gene and 75–81 % rpoB gene sequence similarities with other recognized species of the genus. In comparison to its closest relative, Geobacter uraniireducens Rf4T, according to 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain FRC-32T showed a DNA–DNA relatedness value of 21 %. Cells of strain FRC-32T were Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, curved rods, 1.0–1.5 μm long and 0.3–0.5 μm in diameter; the cells formed pink colonies in a semisolid cultivation medium, a characteristic feature of the genus Geobacter. The isolate was an obligate anaerobe, had temperature and pH optima for growth at 30 °C and pH 6.7–7.3, respectively, and could tolerate up to 0.7 % NaCl although growth was better in the absence of NaCl. Similar to other members of the Geobacter group, strain FRC-32T conserved energy for growth from the respiration of Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide coupled with the oxidation of acetate. Strain FRC-32T was metabolically versatile and, unlike its closest relative, G. uraniireducens, was capable of utilizing formate, butyrate and butanol as electron donors and soluble ferric iron (as ferric citrate) and elemental sulfur as electron acceptors. Growth on aromatic compounds including benzoate and toluene was predicted from preliminary genomic analyses and was confirmed through successive transfer with fumarate as the electron acceptor. Thus, based on genotypic, phylogenetic and phenotypic differences, strain FRC-32T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Geobacter, for which the name Geobacter daltonii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FRC-32T (=DSM 22248T=JCM 15807T).
Deinococcus aetherius sp. nov., isolated from the stratosphere
Authors: Yang Yinjie , Itoh Takashi , Yokobori Shin-ichi , Shimada Haruo , Itahashi Shiho , Satoh Katsuya , Ohba Hirofumi , Narumi Issay , Yamagishi Akihiko
Published: November 2009

A pink-red pigmented, non-motile, coccoid bacterial strain, ST0316T, was isolated from dust samples collected from the stratosphere in Japan. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that it belonged to the genus Deinococcus. DNA G+C content (69.8 mol%), desiccation tolerance, and resistance to gamma-rays [D10 (dose required to reduce the bacterial population by 10-fold) >8 kGy] and UV radiation (D10 1000 J m−2) supported the affiliation of strain ST0316T to the genus Deinococcus. The major peptidoglycan amino acids were d-glutamic acid, glycine, d-alanine, l-alanine and ornithine. Predominant fatty acids were C16 : 1
ω7c, C16 : 0, C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. Strain ST0316T diverged from recognized species of the genus Deinococcus, showing less than 93.0 % similarity values to its closest relatives Deinococcus apachensis, D. aerius, D. geothermalis and D. murrayi. Strain ST0316T also differed from the type strains of closely related species in its polar lipid profile, nitrate reduction and carbon-source assimilation tests. Therefore, we propose a new species of the genus Deinococcus, Deinococcus aetherius sp. nov. (type strain, ST0316T =JCM 11751T =DSM 21230T).
Tistlia consotensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerobic, chemoheterotrophic, free-living, nitrogen-fixing alphaproteobacterium, isolated from a Colombian saline spring
Authors: Díaz-Cárdenas C. , Patel B. K. C. , Baena S.
Published: November 2009

A Gram-negative, aerobic, mesophilic, non-spore-forming, chemotrophic, chlorophyll-lacking, nitrogen-fixing bacterium, designated strain USBA 355T, was isolated from the saline spring ‘Salado de Consotá’ situated in the Colombian Andes. The non-flagellated cells of strain USBA 355Twere straight to slightly curved rods (0.6–0.7 × 3.0–3.5 μm). Growth occurred optimally at 30 °C (growth temperature range between 20 and 40 °C), at pH 6.5–6.7 (pH growth range between 5.0 and 8.0) and at 0.5 % NaCl (w/v) (range between 0 and 4 %). The major quinone present was Q-10 and the predominant fatty acids identified were C19 : 0cycloω8c, C18 : 1ω7cand C18 : 0. The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was 71±1 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain USBA 355Tformed a distant phylogenetic line of descent with members of the genusThalassobaculum, familyRhodospirillaceae, classAlphaproteobacteria(90 % gene sequence similarity). Comparison of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological features of strain USBA 355Twith all other members of the familyRhodospirillaceaesuggested that it represents a novel genus and species for which the nameTistlia consotensisgen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is USBA 355T(=JCM 15529T=KCTC 22406T).
Altererythrobacter marensis sp. nov., isolated from seawater
Authors: Seo Seong Hae , Lee Soon Dong
Published: November 2009

A novel Gram-negative bacterium, designated MSW-14T, was isolated from seawater collected around Mara Island, Jeju, Republic of Korea. The organism was motile by means of a flagellum and showed optimum growth at 0–4 % NaCl, 30 °C and pH 7.1. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate belonged to the familyErythrobacteraceae. The strain's closest phylogenetic neighbours wereAltererythrobacter epoxidivoransJCS350T(97.7 % sequence similarity),Altererythrobacter luteolusSW-109T(97.3 %) andAltererythrobacter indicusMSSRF26T(95.0 %). The dominant cellular fatty acid was C18 : 1(summed feature 7, 52.8 %). The major ubiquinone was UQ-10. The DNA G+C content was 63.1 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain MSW-14TandA. epoxidivoransKCCM 42314TandA. luteolusKCTC 12311Twere 26.0–27.3 % and 9.8–15.2 %, respectively. On the basis of the data from the polyphasic characterization, strain MSW-14Trepresents a novel species, for which the nameAltererythrobacter marensissp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MSW-14T(=KCTC 22370T=DSM 21428T).
Rickettsia hoogstraalii sp. nov., isolated from hard- and soft-bodied ticks
Authors: Duh Darja , Punda-Polic Volga , Avsic-Zupanc Tatjana , Bouyer Donald , Walker David H. , Popov Vsevolod L. , Jelovsek Mateja , Gracner Maja , Trilar Tomi , Bradaric Nikola , Kurtti Timothy J. , Strus Jasna
Published: November 2009

A novel spotted fever group Rickettsia was found in Haemaphysalis sulcata ticks collected from sheep and goats in Croatia in 2006. At the same time, a genetically identical organism was co-isolated with the embryonic cell line CCE3 obtained from the soft tick Carios capensis in Georgia, USA. In this study, further phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the novel rickettsial strain present in H. sulcata ticks were investigated. Based on the cultivation of bacteria in mosquito and Vero cell cultures, the presence of rickettsiae in tick tissues and cell cultures [confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM)] and the amplification and sequencing of five rickettsial genes, it was demonstrated that the novel Rickettsia strain fulfils the criteria to be classified as a novel species. The name Rickettsia hoogstraalii sp. nov. is proposed for the new strain. Rickettsia hoogstraalii sp. nov., an obligately intracellular bacterium, was grown in Vero cells and arthropod CCE3, ISE6 and C6/36 cell lines. The morphology of the cells of the novel species was typical of SFG rickettsiae. The small coccobacillary appearance of the bacteria was apparent with light microscopy. A Gram-negative bacterial cell wall and a cytoplasmic membrane separated by a narrow periplasmic space were visible by TEM. To date, Rickettsia hoogstraalii sp. nov. has been isolated from two species of ticks, H. sulcata and C. capensis. The novel species appears to be geographically widely distributed, having been detected in Croatia, Spain and Georgia, USA. Although no information is available regarding the possible pathogenicity of the novel species for vertebrate hosts, R. hoogstraalii sp. nov. has a cytopathic effect in Vero, CCE3 and ISE6 cells. Sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA, 17 kDa, gltA, ompA and ompB genes indicated that even though R. hoogstraalii sp. nov. was closely related to Rickettsia felis, it represents a separate species within the spotted fever group. The type strain of R. hoogstraalii sp. nov. is strain CroaticaT (=DSM 22243T=UTMB 00003T).
Loktanella pyoseonensis sp. nov., isolated from beach sand, and emended description of the genus Loktanella
Authors: Moon Young Gun , Seo Seong Hae , Lee Soon Dong , Heo Moon Soo
Published: November 2009

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, heterotrophic, obligately halophilic bacterium, designated strain JJM85T, was isolated from beach sand in Jeju, Republic of Korea. Cells were rod-shaped and motile by means of flagella; colonies were pink, convex and smooth with an entire edge. The organism grew at pH 5.0–10.0 and 4–30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the organism belonged to the genusLoktanellaof the classAlphaproteobacteriaand formed a tight cluster with the type strain ofLoktanella hongkongensis(96.0 % sequence similarity). The DNA G+C content and fatty acid profile of the novel strain supported affiliation with the genusLoktanella. However, the novel strain could be differentiated clearly from members of this genus by cell motility, some physiological properties and low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (93.1–96.0 %). On the basis of the polyphasic data presented here, strain JJM85Tis considered to represent a novel species of the genusLoktanella, for which the nameLoktanella pyoseonensissp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is JJM85T(=KCTC 22372T=DSM 21424T).
Caldicoprobacter oshimai gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, xylanolytic, extremely thermophilic bacterium isolated from sheep faeces, and proposal of Caldicoprobacteraceae fam. nov.
Authors: Yokoyama Hiroshi , Wagner Isaac D. , Wiegel Juergen
Published: November 2009

An obligately anaerobic, xylanolytic, extremely thermophilic bacterium, strain JW/HY-331T, was isolated from sheep faeces collected from a farm at the University of Georgia, USA. Cells of strain JW/HY-331T stained Gram-positive and were catalase-negative, non-motile rods. Single terminal endospores (0.4–0.6 μm in diameter) swelled the mother cell. Growth ranges were 44–77 °C (optimum 70 °C at pH70 °C 7.2) and pH70 °C 5.9–8.6 (optimum 7.2 at 70 °C). Salt tolerance was 0–2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. No growth was observed at or below 42 °C or at or above 79 °C or at pH70 °C 5.7 and below or 8.9 and above. In the presence of 0.3 % yeast extract and 0.1 % tryptone, strain JW/HY-331T utilized xylose, glucose, galactose, cellobiose, raffinose and xylan as carbon and energy sources, but not dextran, soluble potato starch, CM-cellulose, cellulose powder, casein or Casamino acids. Fermentation products from glucose were lactate, acetate, ethanol, CO2 and H2. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 45.4 mol% (HPLC). Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. No respiratory quinones were detected. The cell-wall structure was a single layer (Gram-type positive) of the peptidoglycan type A1γ; the cell-wall sugars were galactose and mannose. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, ‘Catabacter hongkongensis’ HKU16 (85.4 % similarity), Caloramator fervidus ATCC 43204T (84.2 %) and Caloranaerobacter azorensis MV1087T (83.4 %) were the closest relatives, but they were only distantly related to strain JW/HY-331T. On the basis of physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, isolate JW/HY-331T (=DSM 21659T =ATCC BAA-1711T) is proposed as the type strain of Caldicoprobacter oshimai gen. nov., sp. nov., placed in Caldicoprobacteraceae fam. nov. within the order Clostridiales of the phylum Firmicutes.
Pontibacter xinjiangensis sp. nov., in the phylum ‘Bacteroidetes’, and reclassification of [Effluviibacter] roseus as Pontibacter roseus comb. nov.
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhang Kundi , Cai Feng , Zhang Lei , Tang Yali , Dai Jun , Fang Chengxiang
Published: November 2009

A novel strain, designated 311-10T, isolated from soil of Xinjiang, China, was characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The isolate was Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive. The predominant menaquinone of strain 311-10T was MK-7 and the genomic DNA G+C content was 47.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate formed a cluster with the genera Pontibacter and [Effluviibacter] in the phylum ‘Bacteroidetes’, with sequence similarities of 93.9–95.6 %. Phylogenetic evidence and the results of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses support the reclassification of [Effluviibacter] roseus as Pontibacter roseus comb. nov. (type strain, SRC-1T=MTCC 7260T=DSM 17521T) and the establishment of a novel species, Pontibacter xinjiangensis sp. nov., with strain 311-10T (=CCTCC AB 207200T=NRRL B-51335T) as the type strain.
Mameliella alba gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium of the Roseobacter clade in the order Rhodobacterales
Authors: Zheng Qiang , Chen Chuang , Yan Xiao-Jun , Wang Ya-Nan , Zeng Yong-Hui , Hao Li-Kai , He Wei-Hong , Jiao Nian-Zhi
Published: November 2009

A Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, JLT354-WT, that accumulates poly-β-hydroxybutyrate granules was isolated from the South China Sea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain was related to members of the genera Antarctobacter, Sagittula, Oceanicola and Loktanella; levels of similarity between strain JLT354-WT and members of the above genera were less than 92.0 %. The predominant fatty acid of strain JLT354-WT was C18 : 1
ω7c (83.1 %); significant amounts of C18 : 0 (7.9 %) and C12 : 1 3-OH (3.7 %) were also present. The predominant respiratory ubiquinone was Q-10. The DNA G+C content of strain JLT354-WT was 63.7 mol%. The isolate was distinguishable from members of the order Rhodobacterales based on phenotypic and biochemical characteristics. On the basis of the taxonomic data presented, strain JLT354-WT is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Mameliella alba gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Mameliella alba is JLT354-WT (=LMG 24665T=CGMCC 1.7290T).
Kinneretia asaccharophila gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater lake, a member of the Rubrivivax branch of the family Comamonadaceae
Authors: Gomila Margarita , Pinhassi Jarone , Falsen Enevold , Moore Edward R. B. , Lalucat Jorge
Published: November 2009

A strictly aerobic, Gram-negative bacterium, strain KIN192T, isolated from fresh water from Lake Kinneret, Israel, was examined using a polyphasic approach to characterize and clarify its phylogenetic and taxonomic position. Sequences of the 16S rRNA and gyrB genes and ITS1 revealed close relationships to species of the genera Pelomonas, Mitsuaria and Roseateles, in the Rubrivivax branch of the family Comamonadaceae of the Betaproteobacteria. Physiological and biochemical tests, cellular fatty acid analysis and DNA–DNA hybridizations indicated that this strain should be assigned to a new genus and species in the Rubrivivax phylogenetic branch, for which the name Kinneretia asaccharophila gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of Kinneretia asaccharophila is strain KIN192T (=CCUG 53117T =CECT 7319T).
Bartonella japonica sp. nov. and Bartonella silvatica sp. nov., isolated from Apodemus mice
Authors: Inoue Kai , Kabeya Hidenori , Shiratori Hatsumi , Ueda Kenji , Kosoy Michael Y. , Chomel Bruno B. , Boulouis Henri-Jean , Maruyama Soichi
Published: November 2009

Two bacterial strains, Fuji 18-1Tand Fuji 23-1T, were isolated from the blood of the small Japanese field mouse (Apodemus argenteus) and the large Japanese field mouse (Apodemus speciosus), respectively, specimens of which were captured in the forest of Mount Fuji, Japan. Phenotypic characterization (growth conditions, incubation periods, biochemical properties and cell morphologies), DNA G+C contents (40.1 mol% for strain Fuji 18-1Tand 40.4 mol% for strain Fuji 23-1T) and sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA genes indicated that both strains were members of the genusBartonella. UsingrpoBandgltAsequencing analysis, the highest sequence similarities between strains Fuji 18-1T, Fuji 23-1Tand other recognized species of the genusBartonellashowed values considerably lower than 91.4 % and 89.9 % in therpoBgene and 89.1 % and 90.4 % in thegltAgene, respectively. It is known that similarities of 95.4 % for therpoBgene and 96.0 % for thegltAgene can be applied as cut-off values for the designation of novel species of the genusBartonella. In a phylogenetic tree based on the merged set of concatenated sequences of seven loci [16S rRNA,ftsZ,gltA,groEL,ribCandrpoBgenes and the intergenic spacer region (ITS)], strains Fuji 18-1Tand Fuji 23-1Tformed a distinct clade from other recognized species of the genusBartonella. These data support the classification of strains Fuji 18-1Tand Fuji 23-1Tas novel species of the genusBartonella. The namesBartonella japonicasp. nov. andBartonella silvaticasp. nov. are proposed for these novel species. The type strains ofBartonella japonicasp. nov. andBartonella silvaticasp. nov. are Fuji 18-1T(=JCM 15567T=CIP 109861T) and Fuji 23-1T(=JCM 15566T=CIP 109862T), respectively.
Lactobacillus similis sp. nov., isolated from fermented cane molasses
Authors: Kitahara Maki , Sakamoto Mitsuo , Benno Yoshimi
Published: November 2009

The taxonomic position of strain JCM 2765T isolated from fermented cane molasses in Thailand was reinvestigated. Strain JCM 2765T was originally identified as representing Lactobacillus buchneri on the basis of biochemical and physiological characteristics. In the present study, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain JCM 2765T demonstrated a low level of similarity with the type strain of L. buchneri (92.5 %) and high levels with those of Lactobacillus collinoides (97.6 %) and Lactobacillus paracollinoides (98.0 %). Ribotyping was applied to investigate the relationships between strain JCM 2765T, L. collinoides and L. paracollinoides. The dendrogram based on ribotyping patterns showed one cluster for six strains of L. paracollinoides, and that strain JCM 2765T and L. collinoides JCM 1123T were each independent. Based on additional phenotypic findings and DNA–DNA hybridization results, strain JCM 2765T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus similis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JCM 2765T (=LMG 23904T).
Acidocella aluminiidurans sp. nov., an aluminium-tolerant bacterium isolated from Panicum repens grown in a highly acidic swamp in actual acid sulfate soil area of Vietnam
Authors: Kimoto Ken-ichiro , Aizawa Tomoko , Urai Makoto , Bao Ve Nguyen , Suzuki Ken-ichiro , Nakajima Mutsuyasu , Sunairi Michio
Published: November 2009

An aluminium-tolerant bacterium, strain AL46T, was isolated from a waterweed, Panicum repens, grown in a highly acidic swamp (pH 3) at an actual acid sulfate soil area of Vietnam. Cells were Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile rods (0.3 μm wide and 1.2–1.6 μm long). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain AL46T belongs to the genus Acidocella, class Alphaproteobacteria. Strain AL46T was related most closely to the type strains of Acidocella facilis and Acidocella aminolytica (99.4 and 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). Levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain AL46T and the above type strains were 40 %. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the novel strain to be differentiated phenotypically from the two recognized Acidocella species. Data for predominant cellular fatty acids (cyclopropyl C19 : 0 and C18 : 1), major isoprenoid quinone (Q-10) and DNA G+C content (65.6 mol%) were in accordance with those reported for the genus Acidocella. Therefore, strain AL46T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Acidocella, for which the name Acidocella aluminiidurans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AL46T (=NBRC 104303T =VTCC-D9-1T).
Candida aechmeae sp. nov. and Candida vrieseae sp. nov., novel yeast species isolated from the phylloplane of bromeliads in Southern Brazil
Authors: Landell Melissa Fontes , Billodre Raisa , Ramos Jesus P. , Leoncini Orílio , Vainstein Marilene H. , Valente Patrícia
Published: November 2009

Two novel yeast species, Candida aechmeae sp. nov. and Candida vrieseae sp. nov., were isolated from bromeliads in Itapuã Park, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. These species are genetically isolated from all other currently recognized ascomycetous yeasts based on their sequence divergence in the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene. C. aechmeae sp. nov. is phylogenetically close to Candida ubatubensis, a species also isolated from bromeliads in Brazil, but the novel species can be differentiated on the basis of differences in the D1/D2 domain and positive results for the assimilation of l-arabinose, raffinose, inulin and citrate. Candida vrieseae sp. nov. is phylogenetically placed in a clade near Candida membranifaciens that is composed of several species associated with insects, but the novel species can be differentiated from them by the D1/D2 and ITS gene sequences, positive results for the assimilation of nitrite and a negative result for the assimilation of ethylamine. The type strain for Candida aechmeae sp. nov. is BI153T (=CBS 10831T=NRRL Y-48456T) and the type strain for C. vrieseae sp. nov. is BI146T (=CBS 10829T=NRRL Y-48461T).
Citricoccus zhacaiensis sp. nov., isolated from a bioreactor for saline wastewater treatment
Authors: Meng Fan-Xu , Yang Xiao-Chen , Yu Pei-Song , Pan Jian-Ming , Wang Chun-Sheng , Xu Xue-Wei , Wu Min
Published: November 2009

A Gram-positive, neutrophilic, non-motile and non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain FS24T, was isolated from a bioreactor treating salt-containing wastewater. This isolate grew in the presence of 0–15 % (w/v) NaCl and at 10-37 °C. The optimum NaCl concentration for growth of FS24Twas 5 % (w/v) at 37 °C or 1 % (w/v) at 25 °C. Chemotaxonomic analysis revealed MK-9(H2) as the predominant menaquinone and the major cellular polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, four unknown glycolipids, two unknown phospholipids and an unknown lipid. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0and anteiso-C17 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content was 66.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FS24Tclustered with members of the genusCitricoccus, exhibiting high sequence similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the type strains ofCitricoccus alkalitolerans(98.9 %) andCitricoccus muralis(98.8 %), respectively. The DNA–DNA relatedness values of strain FS24TtoC. alkalitoleransDSM 15665TandC. muralisDSM 14442Twere 54 and 39 %, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain FS24Trepresents a novel species of the genusCitricoccus, for which the nameCitricoccus zhacaiensissp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FS24T(=CGMCC 1.7064T=JCM 15136T).
Streptomyces artemisiae sp. nov., isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of Artemisia annua L.
Authors: Zhao Guo-Zhen , Li Jie , Qin Sheng , Huang Hai-Yu , Zhu Wen-Yong , Xu Li-Hua , Li Wen-Jun
Published: November 2009

The taxonomic position of an actinomycete strain YIM 63135T, which was isolated from the surface-sterilized tissue of Artemisia annua L. collected from Yunnan province, south-west China, was determined by using a polyphasic approach. Morphological and chemical characteristics of the novel strain were consistent with those of the genus Streptomyces. It developed a pinkish aerial mycelium and pinkish-brown substrate mycelium on oatmeal agar. The cell wall of the strain contained ll-diaminopimelic acid. The menaquinones comprised MK-9(H6) (62.8 %), MK-9(H8) (31.4 %) and MK-9(H4) (5.9 %). The phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unknown glucosamine-containing phospholipid (GluNu), phosphatidylinositol mannosides and four unknown ninhydrin-negative phospholipids. The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 (30.0 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (27.3 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (17.0 %). The DNA G+C content of strain YIM 63135T was 72.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM 63135T is a member of the genus Streptomyces and exhibited 99.9 % gene sequence similarity to Streptomyces armeniacus NBRC 12555T, while low sequence similarity values (<97.0 %) distinguished strain YIM 63135T from all other Streptomyces species. DNA–DNA hybridization studies suggested that strain YIM 63135T represents a different genomic species. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain YIM 63135T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces artemisiae sp. nov. is proposed, with YIM 63135T (=CCTCC AA 208059T =DSM 41953T) as the type strain.
Salinicoccus carnicancri sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from a Korean fermented seafood
Authors: Jung Mi-Ja , Kim Min-Soo , Roh Seong Woon , Shin Kee-Sun , Bae Jin-Woo
Published: November 2009

A novel, moderately halophilic bacterium belonging to the genusSalinicoccuswas isolated from crabs preserved in soy sauce: a traditional Korean fermented seafood. Colonies of strain CrmTwere ivory and the cells were non-motile, Gram-positive cocci. The organism was non-sporulating, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The major fatty acids of strain CrmTwere iso-C15 : 0(22.0 %), anteiso-C15 : 0(40.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0(12.1 %). The cell wall peptidoglycan contained lysine and glycine, and the major isoprenoid quinone was MK-6. The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid. The genomic DNA G+C content was 47.8 mol%. Strain CrmTwas closely related to the type strain ofSalinicoccus halodurans, with which it shared 96.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The DNA–DNA hybridization value between strains CrmTandS. haloduransDSM 19336Twas 7.6 %. Based on phenotypic, genetic and phylogenetic data, strain CrmTshould be classified as a novel species within the genusSalinicoccus, for which the nameSalinicoccus carnicancrisp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CrmT(=KCTC 13301T=JCM 15796T).
Transfer of Pantoea citrea, Pantoea punctata and Pantoea terrea to the genus Tatumella emend. as Tatumella citrea comb. nov., Tatumella punctata comb. nov. and Tatumella terrea comb. nov. and description of Tatumella morbirosei sp. nov.
Authors: Brady Carrie L. , Venter Stephanus N. , Cleenwerck Ilse , Vandemeulebroecke Katrien , De Vos Paul , Coutinho Teresa A.
Published: November 2009

Pantoea citrea,Pantoea punctataandPantoea terreawere described for strains isolated from fruit and soil originating in Japan. These three ‘Japanese’ species have been shown to be phylogenetically distant from other species of the genusPantoea. It has been observed previously that, using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA), the ‘Japanese’ species consistently formed a distinct clade with an extended branch length, casting doubt on the inclusion of these species within the genusPantoea. Furthermore, the ‘Japanese’ species are closely related toTatumella ptyseos, strains of which originate from human clinical specimens. DNA–DNA hybridization and phenotypic tests confirmed the observed phylogenetic distance ofP. citrea,P. punctataandP. terreafrom the genusPantoeaand the affiliation of these species withTatumella. In addition, strains causing pink disease of pineapple, identified previously asP. citrea, were shown to represent a separate species by using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, and MLSA and DNA–DNA hybridization data. The nameTatumella morbiroseisp. nov. with the type strain LMG 23360T(=BD 878T=NCPPB 4036T=CMC6T) is proposed to accommodate these strains. The new combinationsTatumella citrea(Kageyamaet al.1992) comb. nov. (type strain, SHS 2003T=ATCC 31623T=BD 875T=CCUG 30156T=CIP 105599T=DSM 13699T=JCM 8882T=LMG 22049T),Tatumella punctata(Kageyamaet al.1992) comb. nov. (type strain, SHS 2006T=ATCC 31626T=BD 876T=CCUG 30159T=CIP 105598T=DSM 13700T=JCM 8885T=LMG 22050T) andTatumella terrea(Kageyamaet al.1992) comb. nov. (type strain, SHS 2008T=ATCC 31628T=BD 877T=CCUG 30161T=CIP 105600T=DSM 13701T=JCM 8887T=LMG 22051T) are proposed forP. citrea,P. punctataandP. terrea, respectively.
Multilocus sequence analysis of root nodule isolates from Lotus arabicus (Senegal), Lotus creticus, Argyrolobium uniflorum and Medicago sativa (Tunisia) and description of Ensifer numidicus sp. nov. and Ensifer garamanticus sp. nov.
Authors: Merabet C. , Martens M. , Mahdhi M. , Zakhia F. , Sy A. , Le Roux C. , Domergue O. , Coopman R. , Bekki A. , Mars M. , Willems A. , de Lajudie P.
Published: November 2009

Nine isolates fromArgyrolobium uniflorum,Lotus creticus,Medicago sativa(Tunisia) andLotus arabicus(Senegal) were analysed by multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of five housekeeping genes (recA,atpD,glnA,gltAandthrC), the 16S rRNA gene and the nodulation genenodA. Analysis of the individual and concatenated gene sequences demonstrated that the nine new strains constituted three stable, well-supported (bootstrap and gene sequence similarity values) monophyletic clusters, A, B and C, all belonging to the branch of the genusEnsifer, regardless of the phylogenetic reconstruction method used (maximum likelihood, maximum-parsimony, neighbour-joining). The three groups were further characterized by API 100 auxanographic tests, host specificity andnodAgene sequence analysis. On the basis of these data, clusters A and C are suggested as representing two novel species within the genusEnsifer, for which the namesEnsifer numidicussp. nov. (type strain ORS 1407T=LMG 24690T=CIP 109850T) andEnsifer garamanticussp. nov. (type strain ORS 1400T=LMG 24692T=CIP 109916T) are proposed. The cluster B strains were assigned toEnsifer adhaerensgenomovar A.
Reclassification of Streptomyces hygroscopicus strains as Streptomyces aldersoniae sp. nov., Streptomyces angustmyceticus sp. nov., comb. nov., Streptomyces ascomycinicus sp. nov., Streptomyces decoyicus sp. nov., comb. nov., Streptomyces milbemycinicus sp. nov. and Streptomyces wellingtoniae sp. nov.
Authors: Kumar Yashawant , Goodfellow Michael
Published: November 2009

A polyphasic study was undertaken to determine the taxonomic status of six strains received asStreptomyces hygroscopicus. The strains had chemotaxonomic and morphological properties typical of members of the genusStreptomycesand formed distinct phyletic lines in theStreptomyces16S rRNA gene tree. These strains were distinguished from one another and from phylogenetically close neighbours using a combination of phenotypic properties. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data showed that all six strains form distinct centres of taxonomic variation within the genusStreptomyces. The following novel species are proposed to accommodate the strains:Streptomyces aldersoniaesp. nov. (type strain DSM 41909T=NRRL 18513T),Streptomyces angustmyceticussp. nov., comb. nov. (type strain DSM 41683T=NRRL B-2347T),Streptomyces ascomycinicussp. nov. (type strain DSM 40822T=NBRC 13981T),Streptomyces decoyicussp. nov., comb. nov. (type strain DSM 41427T=NRRL 2666T),Streptomyces milbemycinicussp. nov. (type strain DSM 41911T=NRRL 5739T) andStreptomyces wellingtoniaesp. nov. (type strain DSM 40632T=NRRL B-1503T).
Kocuria koreensis sp. nov., isolated from fermented seafood
Authors: Park Eun-Jin , Roh Seong Woon , Kim Min-Soo , Jung Mi-Ja , Shin Kee-Sun , Bae Jin-Woo
Published: November 2009

A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccoid actinobacterium, designated P31T, was isolated from a traditional, fermented seafood. The strain was catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Cells grew in the presence of 0–15.0 % (w/v) NaCl, and at pH 5–10 and 15–37 °C. Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. Strain P31T contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain P31T was 65.2 mol%. A phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain P31T was most closely related to Kocuria kristinae DSM 20032T, with 96.9 % similarity, and these two strains clustered together in constructed phylogenetic trees. The DNA–DNA hybridization value between strain P31T and K. kristinae DSM 20032T was 21.1 %. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, it is suggested that strain P31T represents a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria koreensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is P31T (=KCTC 19595T=JCM 15915T).
Caldanaerobacter uzonensis sp. nov., an anaerobic, thermophilic, heterotrophic bacterium isolated from a hot spring
Authors: Kozina Irina V. , Kublanov Ilya V. , Kolganova Tatyana V. , Chernyh Nikolai A. , Bonch-Osmolovskaya Elizaveta A.
Published: November 2009

An anaerobic thermophilic bacterium, strain K67T, was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring of Uzon Caldera, Kamchatka Peninsula. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the novel isolate belongs to the genusCaldanaerobacter, with 95 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity toCaldanaerobacter subterraneussubsp.subterraneusSEBR 7858T, suggesting that it represents a novel species of the genusCaldanaerobacter. Strain K67Twas characterized as an obligate anaerobe, a thermophile (growth at 50–75 °С; optimum 68–70 °C), a neutrophile (growth at pH25 °C 4.8–8.0; optimum pH25 °C 6.8) and an obligate organotroph (growth by fermentation of various sugars, peptides and polysaccharides). Major fermentation products were acetate, H2and CO2; ethanol, lactate andl-alanine were formed in smaller amounts. Thiosulfate stimulated growth and was reduced to hydrogen sulfide. Nitrate, sulfate, sulfite and elemental sulfur were not reduced and did not stimulate growth. Thus, according to the strain's phylogenetic position and phenotypic novelties (lower upper limit of temperature range for growth, the ability to grow on arabinose, the inability to reduce elemental sulfur and the formation of alanine as a minor fermentation product), the novel speciesCaldanaerobacter uzonensissp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain K67T(=DSM 18923T=VKM В-2408T).
Staphylococcus rostri sp. nov., a haemolytic bacterium isolated from the noses of healthy pigs
Authors: Riesen Andrea , Perreten Vincent
Published: November 2009

Twenty coagulase-negativeStaphylococcusstrains displayingα-haemolysis (δ-haemolysin) on sheep-blood agar were isolated from the noses of different pigs in Switzerland. The strains were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile cocci, catalase-positive and coagulase-negative. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene,sodA,rpoB,dnaJandhsp60and phylogenetic characteristics revealed that the strains showed the closest relatedness toStaphylococcus microtiCCM 4903TandStaphylococcus muscaeDSM 7068T. The strains can be differentiated fromS. microtiby the absence of mannose fermentation and arginine arylamidase and fromS. muscaeby the absence ofβ-glucuronidase activity and production of alkaline phosphatase. The chosen type strain ARI 262Tshared 20.1 and 31.9 % DNA relatedness withS. microtiDSM 22147TandS. muscaeCCM 4903T, respectively, by DNA–DNA hybridization. iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0and iso-C17 : 0were the most common fatty acids. Cell-wall structure analysis revealed the peptidoglycan type A3αl-Lys–Gly2–l-Ser–Gly (type A11.3). The presence of teichoic acid was determined by sequencing theN-acetyl-β-d-mannosaminyltransferase genetarA, which is involved in biosynthesis of ribitol teichoic acid. Menaquinone 7 (MK-7) was the predominant respiratory quinone. The G+C content of ARI 262Twas 38.8 mol%. The isolated strains represent a novel species of the genusStaphylococcus, for which we propose the nameStaphylococcus rostrisp. nov. The type strain is ARI 262T(=DSM 21968T=CCUG 57266T) and strain ARI 602 (=DSM 21969 =CCUG 57267) is a reference strain.
Ignavibacterium album gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic anaerobic bacterium isolated from microbial mats at a terrestrial hot spring and proposal of Ignavibacteria classis nov., for a novel lineage at the periphery of green sulfur bacteria
Authors: Iino Takao , Mori Koji , Uchino Yoshihito , Nakagawa Tatsunori , Harayama Shigeaki , Suzuki Ken-ichiro
Published: November 2009

A moderately thermophilic chemoheterotrophic bacterium, strain Mat9-16T, was isolated from microbial mats developed in hot spring water streams from Yumata, Nagano, Japan. Cells of strain Mat9-16Twere strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-sporulating, non-motile and short to long rods (2.0–15.5 μm in length). Strain Mat9-16Tgrew fermentatively with optimum growth at 45 °C, pH 7.0–7.5 and 1 % NaCl (w/v). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed that strain Mat9-16Twas affiliated with an uncultivated lineage, and the nearest cultivated neighbours were green sulfur bacteria belonging to the classChlorobeawith 77–83 % sequence similarity. However, strain Mat9-16Tcould not grow phototrophically and did not possess light-harvesting structures, morphologically and genetically, such as the chlorosomes of green sulfur bacteria. On the basis of phenotypic features and phylogenetic position, a novel genus and species are proposed for strain Mat9-16T, to be namedIgnavibacterium albumgen. nov., sp. nov. (=NBRC 101810T=DSM 19864T). We also propose to place the cultivated bacterial lineage accommodating the sole representative Mat9-16Tin a novel class,Ignavibacteriaclassis nov. In addition, we present a formal description of the phylum-level taxon‘Chlorobi’asChlorobiphyl. nov.
Microbacterium soli sp. nov., an α-glucosidase-producing bacterium isolated from soil of a ginseng field
Authors: Srinivasan Sathiyaraj , Kim Myung Kyum , Sathiyaraj Gayathri , Kim Yeon-Ju , Jung Seok-Kyu , In Jun-Gyo , Yang Deok-Chun
Published: November 2009

Five Gram-type-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile strains ofMicrobacterium(DCY 17T, Ms1, Ms2, Ms3 and Ms4) were isolated from soil from a ginseng field in Daejeon, South Korea. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, these strains were shown to be related toMicrobacterium esteraromaticumDSM 8609T(96.1 %),M. xylanilyticumDSM 16914T(96.0 %),M. aquimarisJS54-2T(95.6 %),M. insulaeDS-66T(95.5 %),M. ketosireducensIFO 14548T(95.5 %) andM. arabinogalactanolyticumDSM 8611T(95.4 %). Chemotaxonomic data revealed that the type strain, DCY 17T, possesses menaquinones MK-12, MK-11 and MK-13 and the predominant fatty acids C15 : 0anteiso (32.5 %), C15 : 0iso (27.5 %), C16 : 0iso (17.0 %), C17 : 0anteiso (13.2 %), C17 : 0iso (6.1 %) and C14 : 0iso (2.1 %). The DNA G+C content of strain DCY 17Tis 70.2 mol% and those of strains Ms1 to Ms4 are in the range 68.9–73.5 mol%. The physiological and biochemical tests suggested that these strains represent a novel species. Based on these data, DCY 17T(=KCTC 19237T=LMG 24010T) is classified as the type strain of a novelMicrobacteriumspecies, for which the nameMicrobacterium solisp. nov. is proposed.
Cryptococcus agrionensis sp. nov., a basidiomycetous yeast of the acidic rock drainage ecoclade, isolated from an acidic aquatic environment of volcanic origin
Authors: Russo Gabriel , Libkind Diego , Ulloa Ricardo J. , de García Virginia , Sampaio Jose P. , van Broock María R.
Published: November 2009

Seventy-one strains were isolated from the River Agrio–Lake Caviahue acidic aquatic environment in Argentina. Strains were isolated mainly from the most acidic section of the river (pH 1.8–2.7). According to the mini/microsatellite-primed PCR technique and physiological data, these strains are representatives of a single novel species of the genusCryptococcus. Analysis of the D1/D2 region of the large-subunit rRNA gene showed that the strains belong to the order Filobasidiales of the subphylum Agaricomycotina. The novel isolates formed a phylogenetic group withCryptococcus ibericus,Cryptococcus aciditoleransandCryptococcus metallitolerans, the most closely related species.This group, which is phylogenetically related to the Gastricus clade, is considered to be an ecoclade due to its peculiar ecology and physiology. The nameCryptococcus agrionensissp. nov. is proposed to accommodate these isolates, with strain CRUB 1317T(=CBS 10799T=JCM 15321T) as the type strain.
Jeongeupia naejangsanensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a cellulose-degrading bacterium isolated from forest soil from Naejang Mountain in Korea
Authors: Yoon Jung-Hoon , Choi Jong Hyun , Kang So-Jung , Choi Nack-Shick , Lee Jung-Sook , Song Jae Jun
Published: November 2009

A Gram-stain-negative, motile, rod-shaped, cellulose-degrading bacterial strain, BIO-TAS4-2T, which belongs to the Betaproteobacteria, was isolated from forest soil from Naejang Mountain, Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic study. Strain BIO-TAS4-2T grew optimally at pH 7.0–8.0, at 30 °C and in the presence of 0–1.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain BIO-TAS4-2T clustered with members of the genera Andreprevotia, Silvimonas and Deefgea of the family Neisseriaceae, with which it exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 93.5–94.2 %. Strain BIO-TAS4-2T contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 63.8 mol%. Strain BIO-TAS4-2T could be differentiated from members of phylogenetically related genera by differences in fatty acid composition, DNA G+C content and some phenotypic properties. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain BIO-TAS4-2T is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Jeongeupia naejangsanensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with BIO-TAS4-2T (=KCTC 22633T=CCUG 57610T) as the type strain.
Fontibacillus aquaticus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a warm spring
Authors: Saha P. , Krishnamurthi S. , Bhattacharya A. , Sharma R. , Chakrabarti T.
Published: November 2009

A novel facultatively anaerobic strain, designated GPTSA 19T, was isolated from a warm spring and characterized using a polyphasic approach. The strain behaved as Gram-negative in the Gram staining procedure but showed a Gram-positive reaction in the aminopeptidase test. The novel strain was a mesophilic rod with ellipsoidal endospores. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain showed closest similarity (96.0 %) withPaenibacillus motobuensisMC10T. The gene sequence similarity of the novel strain with other species of the genusPaenibacilluswas <95.8 %. The novel strain also had PAEN 515F and 682F signature sequence stretches in the 16S rRNA gene that are usually found in most species of the genusPaenibacillus. The strain possessed anteiso-C15 : 0as the major fatty acid and MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone. Polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), six unknown phospholipids (PLs), one aminophospholipid (PN), three glycolipids (GLs), two aminolipids (ALs), one aminophosphoglycolipid (APGL) and three unknown lipids (ULs). The polar lipid profile of the novel strain, especially as regards ALs, GLs and PLs, distinguished it from the recognized type species of the genusPaenibacillus,Paenibacillus polymyxa, as well as from its closest relativeP. motobuensis. Based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, the new strain merits the rank of a novel genus for which the nameFontibacillusgen. nov. is proposed. The type species of the new genus isFontibacillus aquaticusgen. nov., sp. nov. with the type strain GPTSA 19T(=MTCC 7155T=DSM 17643T).
Assignment of Brevibacterium stationis (ZoBell and Upham 1944) Breed 1953 to the genus Corynebacterium, as Corynebacterium stationis comb. nov., and emended description of the genus Corynebacterium to include isolates that can alkalinize citrate
Authors: Bernard Kathryn A. , Wiebe Deborah , Burdz Tamara , Reimer Aleisha , Ng Betty , Singh Cathleen , Schindle Samantha , Pacheco Ana Luisa
Published: November 2009

Brevibacterium stationis ATCC 14403T, Corynebacterium ammoniagenes ATCC 6872 and two clinical isolates were found to form a single taxon group consistent with the genus Corynebacterium, designated here as Corynebacterium stationis comb. nov. The type strain of Corynebacterium stationis is ATCC 14403T =CCUG 43497T =CIP 104228T =DSM 20302T =NBRC 12144T =JCM 11611T =VKM B-1228T. These strains can utilize citrate; therefore, inclusion of C. stationis requires that the description of the genus Corynebacterium be amended to include citrate-positive strains.