bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAULT-TOLERANT ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF A WALKING HEXAPOD WITH FAILURE OF ONE LEG
Authors: Bouraou Nadiia , Korolenko Yaroslav , Pavlovska Yuliia , Pavlovskyi Oleksii
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the improvement of the control system of a walking mobile robot with six legs (hexapod) in order to ensure its stable movement in case of damage or failure of one limb. A tripod gait is considered as the basic movement algorithm. The failure of one of the joints is considered as a failure of the limb. To ensure movement in the event of failure of one limb, a tripod walking algorithm has been developed, which ensures that each of the defect-free limbs remains in the stage of stable support during two phases of movement in a row. The evaluation of the possibility of fault-tolerant gait of the hexapod according to the developed algorithm was performed on the basis of support triangles and a quadrangle between the limbs that are in the support phase. The structural and functional synthesis of the system of fault-tolerant adaptive control of the hexapod, which consists of the following modules and subsystems, was performed: module of the dynamic model of the robot; basic gait algorithm module; subsystem of executive elements; diagnosis and decision-making subsystem; a subsystem of alternative gait algorithms. The structural and functional scheme of the control channel was developed and substantiated for the implementation of the algorithm for diagnosing the joint of one limb, making a decision about its condition and switching to the continuation of the basic gait algorithm, if the condition of the joint is assessed as defect-free. The scheme of the control channel for switching to the execution of an alternative gait algorithm, if the condition of the joint is assessed as defective, has been developed and substantiated. The proposed structural and functional solutions are generalized for the case of failure of other joints of the considered limb and other limbs of the hexapod. It is shown that based on the detection and localization of joint failures of the hexapod limbs, the reconfiguration of the gait algorithm and the control system takes place, and in this way a fault-tolerant adaptive control of the movement of the hexapod is realized. The implementation of the proposed alternative tripod gait algorithms and control channels in the fault-tolerant adaptive control system will ensure stable movement of the hexapod in case of failure of one of the limbs.
COMPARISON OF 3D-PRINTED PARTS’ QUALITY USING PRINTERS WITH “COREXY” AND “DELTA” KINEMATICS
Authors: Zhuk Yaroslav , Klotchko Tatiana
Published: December 2024

Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, describes technologies that manufacture parts by depositing thin layers of molten material on top of each other and creating the final part layer by layer. Each layer is built on the basis of geometry designed in CAD systems. Additive manufacturing technology opens up new design approaches: "design manufacturing" versus the traditional "design for manufacturing" approach. Geometric freedom allows you to design products as they are visualized, without manufacturing restrictions. Recently, 3D printers with Delta-type kinematics have gained popularity, which is an alternative to standard, cartesian 3D printers. These models use a more complex control system due to differences in the generation of print paths, but may have some advantages over a cartesian configuration. In order to expand the knowledge of additive manufacturing, a comparative study was conducted with cartesian and Delta printers to evaluate the printing performance of the test part.
This article examines 3D printers with CoreXY and Delta kinematics, compares their characteristics, and identifies key differences in printing processes. As an example, for quality comparison, arbitrary parts printed in batches of three units from the same material with the same settings inside the slicer program were considered. Parts from both 3D printers were scanned using a LIDAR scanner, and the resulting scan models were transferred to a CAD environment for comparison.
The results of the comparison were obtained by the shape and quality of the surface, the production time of one part and batch of parts, mass and dimensional characteristics. Looking at the results, it can be seen that the parts printed by the 3D printer with Delta kinematics have a better surface quality without post-processing, while the parts printed by the 3D printer with kinematics CoreXY correspond as closely as possible to the dimensions specified in the CAD model.
PHANTOM CHAINS TONTOR OF BIONIC OBJECT'S MOVEMENTS OF AUTOMATED SYSTEMS. Part 2
Authors: Skytsiouk Volodymyr , Klotchko Tatiana
Published: December 2024

In our previous author’s works such properties of the phantom step as its length and curvature relative to the imaginary plane were considered. All these parameters were considered within clearly defined coordinates associated with the beginning and end of the step.
Analytical and graphical models were obtained in this work, which are based on mathematical approaches to determining the spatiotemporal characteristics of the movement of objects taking into account the characteristics of phantom chains of bionic systems. Therefore, the application of the obtained models provides prospects for obtaining precise parameters of the movement of the final real technological object in the working space when performing complex kinematics of movements.
At the same time, the dependences of the relationship between the volumes of technological abstract and their formed phantoms were investigated, which provide the opportunity to describe positive and negative technologies that are currently promising in modern production and the realities of the application of bionic automated equipment for various purposes.
The results of our research can be used as a basis for obtaining new analytical models that determine the motion characteristics of dynamic abstract objects depending on the scope of application. This has the ultimate goal of being able to determine different types of motion of bionic objects, which is associated with automated systems in industry, medicine, implementation of technological processes, and scientific research.
The prospects for further scientific research on this problem regarding the development of bionic automated systems, devices and objects are to continue the creation of analytical models of these objects with a view to their application in various areas and at different stages of the life cycle of technological objects, which improves production processes, as well as complex bionic systems for medical purposes.
Study of the influence of nutritional regimes of two-span avalanche-flight diodes on the quality of noise generators
Authors: Loshitskiy P.P. , Pavlyuchenko A.V.
Published: December 2024

The experimental research of silicon double- drift avalanche diodes which are the active element of 3-mm super wideband noise oscillators, operated in anomaly mode, have been done. The influence of diodes` supply mode on noise oscillator`s (NO) quality coefficient is shown.
Modeling of high-voltage glow electron sources discharge using client-server technologies
Authors: Melnyk I.V. , Kuzmin A.A.
Published: December 2024

Today solving of tasks of electron devices CAD touches essentially upon the creation of its exact mathematic models and with particularities of its computer realization. The possibility of simulation of technological high voltage glow discharge electron sources by simultaneous using of client-server technologies and MatLab application is considered in this article. The advantages of considered approach are complex automation of whole calculation process for solving the hard tasks of mathematical simulation of electronic devices and systems, and orienting to modern network technologies of data exchange
Modified traffic control method in telecommunication networks based on ATM technology
Authors: Bohdanova N.V.
Published: December 2024

The offered modified way of a traffic control in a telecommunication network on the basis of АТМ allows a source to calculate more precisely the prospective speed of transfer rate that leads to the maximum controllability for sources and optimisation by its criteria
Methodology for developing administration tools websites
Authors: Bondarenko V.YU. , Alekseyev N.A.
Published: December 2024

In this paper we propose to consider methodology of the creation software for administration of web resources. Unlike many existing solutions, this approach involves the establishment of the minimum necessary intake of functions in the most ergonomic way. In this work was created a universal product that can be used with any web sites. This development has been implemented and tested on a web project of comparative analysis of content management systems FindCMS (CMS, Content Management System)
Modeling the topography of the Earth's surface as an environment propagation of radio waves using fractal geometry
Authors: Veretyuk S.M. , Pilinskiy V.V. , Boychuk N.I.
Published: December 2024

Information about fractal surfaces and models of these surfaces is summarized. Common algorithms for constructing fractal surfaces are presented, and their applied nature is analyzed. The specified features of the application of classical approaches to determining the components of the electromagnetic field above the fractal surface.
Development of a DC-DC Converter for Active Battery Balancing Systems in a Format of Student Competition
Authors: Lipko Dmytro , Bondarenko Oleksandr Fedorovych
Published: December 2024

The article presents the development of a DC-DC converter for active battery balancing systems in the format of student competition. Active balancing, which ensures stable energy transfer between battery cells, is critically important for optimizing their operation and extending their service life. Various topologies of DC-DC converters, in particular SEPIC, Push-Pull and DAB, are analyzed, their advantages and disadvantages are shown. The results of the work contribute to increasing the efficiency of battery balancing systems, extending their service life and developing students’ technical skills.
A Multidimensional Examination of the Role of Vocational Education Teachers From the Perspective of New Quality Productive Forces
Authors: Wang Menglin
Published: December 2024

Under the wave of technological advancement and industrial upgrading, new productivity is deeply influencing the field of vocational education and promoting fundamental changes in teachers' roles. Modern teachers must not only keep pace with technological development but also master innovative teaching modes and guide students to form correct values. They are gradually evolving from mere knowledge transmitters to guides for learning, stimulators of interest, explorers of in-depth research, and promoters of comprehensive growth. Through interdisciplinary knowledge structures and innovative abilities, combined with advanced tools such as information technology and artificial intelligence, teachers innovate teaching methods to meet students' diverse learning needs and focus on cultivating students' professional skills, comprehensive qualities, and innovative spirits. This multi-dimensional reshaping of roles is not only an inevitable choice for the development of vocational education but also provides important insights for educational reform.
"Three-education" Synergistic Innovation Driven by New Quality Productive Forces: Connotation Deconstruction, Logical Deduction and Path Exploration
Authors: Wang Menglin
Published: December 2024

The new quality productive forces led by science and technology innovation is reshaping the global economic and social structure, with far-reaching impacts on the field of education. In this context, "three-education" collaborative innovation has become a key force to promote the modernization of education. The new quality productive forces will optimize the allocation of educational resources through scientific and technological means, promote the transformation of the education model and conceptual innovation, and lead the education system to deep-level changes. In this change, technological innovation and educational innovation are mutually empowering, emphasizing the core role of interdisciplinary integration and open cooperation in building a new era of educational ecology. To cope with this trend, the "three educators" collaborative innovation should build a smart education platform, implement cross-border integration education strategies, establish an ecosystem for industry-education integration, build an open resource symbiosis network, and innovate the education evaluation system. These strategies are aimed at cultivating high-quality talents that meet the needs of the new era and providing solid human and intellectual support for high-quality economic and social development.
On the Method for Proving the RH Using the Alcantara-Bode Equivalence
Authors: Adam Dumitru
Published: December 2024

Among the equivalents of the Riemann Hypothesis (RH), a millennium unsolved problem ([10]), one is of a particular interest due to its surprising and almost elementary expression in terms of the functional analysis: Riemann Hypothesis holds if and only if the null space of the integral operator on L2 (0, 1) having the kernel function the fractional part of the ratio (y/x), contains only the element 0 ([2]), i.e. if and only if the operator is injective. As we do not find in the literature references about how to approach a problem of this type, we introduced here a solution containing the theory and related methods regarding the injectivity of linear, bounded operators on separable Hilbert spaces. The generic theorem introduced saying that an linear bounded operator strict positive definite on a dense set is injective is the basis on which we built our solution. Next, we showed that an Hilbert-Schmidt operator with the finite rank operator approximations on a family of finite dimension subspaces is njective if its positivity parameters on the family subspaces are inferior bounded. It could work also for the operator restrictions on the subspaces if the operator is only positive definite provided that we involve the adjoint operator. The injectivity of the Hilbert-Schmidt integral operator that is the counterpart in the Alcantara-Bode equivalence ([2]) of RH, has been proved taking the dense set of indicator interval functions in L2 (0, 1). Consequently, from the Alcantara-Bode equivalence, RH is true: the Riemann Zeta function defined by the infinite sum ζ(s) = ∑∞ n=11/n s has its non trivial zeros on the vertical line σ = 1/2.
Pothole Detection: A Study of Ensemble Learning and Decision Framework
Authors: Gorro Ken , Balijon Deofel , Ranolo Elmo
Published: December 2024

This study presents an advanced pothole detection system utilizing ensemble learning (YOLOv9 instance segmentation and Mask R-CNN) and a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) framework to improve detection reliability. The system combines YOLOv9 for rapid instance segmentation and Mask R-CNN for precise segmentation, experimenting with adjusted confidence thresholds to enhance detection rates in challenging scenarios. For Yolov9 instance segmentation model achieved a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 0.908 at 0.5 IoU and an F1-score of 0.58 at a confidence threshold of 0.282. The F1-confidence curve highlights a strong balance between precision and recall, but further work is needed to ensure generalization. Dynamic weights are used to merge outputs, leveraging the strengths of both models. The MCDM framework refines detections by evaluating pothole features such as size, position, and shape. While the system demonstrates high detection accuracy of 20%, narrowly and over-specific defined MCDM criteria may lead to overfitting, limiting adaptability to diverse conditions. The study underscores the importance of balancing accuracy and adaptability for reliable performance in varied environments.
Neoponera Emery, 1901 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) Revisited: The N. foetida and N. emiliae Species-Groups
Authors: Troya Adrian , Lattke John E.
Published: December 2024

Neotropical ants of the genus Neoponera are best known for their diverse behavior and external morphology. Seven species-groups are currently recognized: aenescens, apicalis, crenata, emiliae, foetida, laevigata, and rostrata. The apicalis group was taxonomically treated by Wild in 2005, the foetida group was partially revised by Fernandes et al. in 2014, the laevigata group was revised by Troya and Lattke in 2022, and as part of the genus Pachycondyla, W. and E. Mackay reviewed Neoponera in 2010. An ongoing, deeper revision of all known species in the genus is revealing new taxa and taxonomic issues, undescribed castes, and previously unknown locality records some of which represent new populational variants which probably are new species. Together, these still unpublished novelties demonstrate the necessity of reviving the work with this fantastic ponerine genus. In the present contribution we revise all known species in the foetida and emiliae groups, provide new diagnoses and update their distribution. Among the results, the following taxa are described as new: N. prasiosomis sp. nov. (Panama and Ecuador) belonging to the foetida group, and N. caxiuana sp. nov. (Colombia and Brazil), N. dorsilinea sp. nov. (eastern Brazil), N. dropsy sp. nov. (eastern Brazil), and N. glabra sp. nov. (eastern Brazil), belonging to the emiliae group. Neoponera bactronica Fernandes et al. syn. nov. and N. billemma Fernandes et al. syn. nov. are synonymized under N. curvinodis Forel; we propose a neotype for this latter which coupled with comprehensive comments about comparative anatomy, facilitate the distinction of this morphologically highly variable taxon from closely related taxa. In addition, we construct new user friendly, fully illustrated taxonomic keys, and describe the first male of the emiliae group. This is the third contribution towards gleaming the taxonomy, systematics and distribution of Neoponera.
Finite-Size Scaling in the Ageing Dynamics of the 1D Glauber-Ising Model
Authors: Henkel Malte
Published: December 2024

Single-time and two-correlators are computed exactly in the $1D$ Glauber-Ising model after a quench to zero temperature and on a periodic chain of finite length $N$, using a simple analytical continuation technique. Besides the general confirmation of finite-size scaling in non-equilibrium dynamics, this allows to test the scaling behaviour of the plateau height $C_{\infty}^{(2)}$ to which the two-time auto-correlator converges, when deep into the finite-size regime.
Hyperledger Fabric-Based Multi-Channel Structure for Data Exchange in Internet of Vehicles
Authors: Liu Yiluo , Feng Yaokai , Sakurai Kouichi
Published: December 2024

The rapid growth of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) requires secure, efficient, and reliable data exchanges among multiple stakeholders. Traditional centralized database systems can hardly address the challenges associated with data privacy, integrity and scalability in this decentralized ecosystem. In this paper, we propose a Hyperledger Fabric-Based Multi-Channel Structure to overcome these limitations. By leveraging the blockchain architecture, the system ensures data confidentiality and integrity by segregating data into exclusive channels and enabling different organizations to collaborate. Cross-channel communication ensures security when data is interacted with. Chaincodes automate transactions and enhance trust between participants. Our test verified the effectiveness of the system in real-world scenarios, highlighting its advantages over traditional systems in terms of decentralization, transparency and security. Future work will focus on enhancing the user experience and integrating the system with edge computing. Eventually, attempts will be made to operationalize it in real-world environments.
Lipid Production in Streptomyces jeddahensis Is Temperature-Sensitive and Enhanced by Glucose and Fatty Acid Derivatives
Authors: Pamella Apriliana , Kahar Prihardi , Rachmadona Nova , Restu Witta Kartika , Kondo Akihiko , Ogino Chiaki
Published: December 2024

The potential of Streptomyces jeddahensis for lipid production was investigated, focusing on its ability to utilize various carbon sources under different temperature conditions. Glucose and fatty acid derivatives (sodium hexanoate, octanoate, and decanoate) were tested at 30°C, 37°C, and 45°C to optimize growth and lipid biosynthesis. The results revealed that 37°C was the optimal temperature for lipid accumulation, with sodium octanoate leading to the highest lipid content. While growth declined at 45°C, significant lipid production persisted, indicating an adaptive stress response. Gene expression analysis identified upregulation of key metabolic genes, including STSP_03080 (DGAT) and STSP_67970 (fabD), under thermal stress, highlighting enhanced fatty acid biosynthesis pathways. This study demonstrates the capacity of S. jeddahensis to efficiently convert medium-chain fatty acids into lipids, supporting its use as a sustainable and scalable platform for biodiesel production and other lipid-based industrial applications.
Exploring the Potential of ChatGPT in EFL Language Learning: Learners’ Reflections and Practices
Authors: Tajik Aliakbar
Published: December 2024

The integration of ChatGPT, a sophisticated AI chatbot by OpenAI, has introduced transformative possibilities in language education. Distinguished by its ability to generate diverse text outputs, answer queries, and provide instant translations, ChatGPT represents a valuable asset in modern AI applications. However, its specific role in enhancing students' language learning remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by examining students' interactions with ChatGPT and their perceptions of its influence on language acquisition. A qualitative methodology was adopted, utilizing semi-structured interviews with ten EFL students at Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Iran. The findings indicate that ChatGPT effectively supports language learning by assisting students with diverse tasks and fostering personalized learning experiences. Participants exhibited critical evaluative skills, adapting prompts to optimize outcomes and addressing challenges related to academic integrity. These skills are essential in navigating the ethical dimensions of AI-assisted learning. The present study contributes to extant research by providing empirical insights into ChatGPT's utility from learners' perspectives, highlighting its capacity for immediate feedback and autonomous learning facilitation. The implications for pedagogy include the development of AI-enhanced language support systems, the promotion of learner autonomy, and the cultivating of critical thinking for evaluating AI-generated content. As educational institutions continue to integrate technological advancements, ChatGPT demonstrates significant potential in reshaping teaching and learning practices, paving the way for innovative approaches in language education.
A Bearing Fault Diagnosis Model Based on Simplified WDCNN and RF
Authors: Zhang Qikai , Yao Yunan , Huang Yage , Wu Linfeng
Published: December 2024

Bearings play a crucial role in the complex mechanical systems of ships, and their operational status is closely related to vibration signals. Therefore, analyzing bearing signals plays an important role in the field of fault diagnosis. In order to solve the problems of low accuracy and slow response speed in fault diagnosis through vibration signals at mixed speeds, this paper introduces an improved SWDCNN-RF model on traditional WDCNN. It was verified through the publicly available dataset of ball bearings from Western Reserve University in the United States. It was found that the improved model increased speed by 38.51% and accuracy from 97.5% to 99.6% at epoch=50, and also achieved faster convergence and smaller fluctuations during training. This study is of great significance for determining the occurrence time and type of bearing faults, and provides criteria for reliability evaluation and fault diagnosis of equipment using bearings.
The Effects of Natriuretic Peptide System on Alveolar Epithelium in Heart Failure
Authors: Knany Yara , Kinaneh Safa , Khoury Emad E , Zohar Yaniv , Abassi Zaid , Azzam Zaher S.
Published: December 2024

Alveolar active sodium transport is essential for clearing edema from airspaces, a process known as alveolar fluid clearance (AFC). Although, it has been reported that Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) attenuates AFC, little is known about the underlying molecular effects of Natriuretic Peptides (NPs). Therefore, we examined the contribution of NPs to AFC and their effects as mediators of active sodium transport. By using the isolated liquid filled-lungs model, we investigated the effects of NPs on AFC. The expression of NPs, Na+, K+-ATPase and Na+ channels were assessed in alveolar epithelial cells. Congestive heart failure (CHF) was induced by using the aortocaval fistula model. ANP and Brain NP (BNP) significantly reduced AFC rate from 0.49±0.02 ml/hr in sham rats to 0.26±0.013 and 0.19±0.005 in ANP and BNP treated groups, respectively. These effects were mediated by downregulating the active Na+ transport components in the alveolar epithelium, while enhancing the ubiquitination and degradation of αENaC in the lungs as reflected by increased levels of Nedd4-2. In addition, AFC was reduced in compensated CHF rats treated with ANP, while in decompensated CHF, ANP partially restored AFC. In conclusion, NPs regulate AFC in health and CHF. This research could help optimize pharmacological treatments for severe CHF.
Characteristics and Factors of Israeli Arab Mothers Related to Exclusive Breastfeeding
Authors: Awawdi Khaled , Yahya Orsan , Sabbah Mohammad , Bisharat Sana , Tarabeih Mahdi
Published: December 2024

Exclusive breastfeeding (EB), feeding an infant solely with breast milk, has been widely recommended due to its numerous health benefits for both infants and mothers. Despite these benefits, EB rates remain low, associated with certain socio-demographic, occupational, and cultural factors. Our aim was to investigate the factors associated with EB amongst Arab mothers living in Israel, focusing on how age, education, religiosity, employment status, and the number of children impact breastfeeding practices. Data were collected through surveys from 274 Arab mothers across different religious and geographical backgrounds. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA and chi-square tests assessed the relationship between breastfeeding practices and various so-cio-demographic variables. We found that older maternal age, higher levels of religiosity, and an increased number of children were positively associated with EB. Employment, particularly full-time work, reduced the likelihood of EB. Muslim mothers were more likely to combine breastfeeding with formula, whereas, Christian and Druze mothers showed higher EB rates. Geographical dis-parities were also noted, with mothers from northern regions more likely to EB. The study highlights the complex interplay of socio-demographic and cultural factors impacting breastfeeding practices amongst Arab mothers in Israel, with significant implications for policy development and maternal support programs. Our findings underscore the importance of incorporating religious and cultural considerations into breastfeeding promotion strategies. Public health initiatives should target support for working mothers by advocating extended maternity leave and breastfeeding-friendly workplace policies. Furthermore, community-based interventions should engage family members to support breastfeeding mothers.
Humans, Climate Change, or Both Causing Land-Use Change? An Assessment with NASA’s SEDAC Datasets, GIS, and Re-mote Sensing Techniques
Authors: Raad Alen , White Joseph D.
Published: December 2024

Land-Cover and Land-Use Change (LCLUC) is a dynamic process affected by the combination and mutual interaction of climatic and socioeconomic drivers. Field studies and surveys, which are typically time- and resource-consuming, have been employed by researchers to better understand LCLUC drivers. However, remotely sensed data may provide the same trustworthy outcomes with less time and expense. This study aimed to assess the relationship between LCLUC and changes in socioeconomic and climatic factors in the Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) metropolitan area, Texas, USA, between 2000 and 2020. The LCLU, socioeconomic, and climatic data were obtained from the National Land Cover Database of Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium, NASA’s socioeconomic data and applications center (SEDAC), and the global climate and weather data website (WorldClim), respectively. Change detection calculated from these data was used to analyze spatial and statistical relationships between LCLUC and changes in socioeconomic and climatic factors. Results showed that LCLUC was significantly predicted by population change, housing and transportation, household and disability change, socioeconomic status change, monthly average minimum temperature change, and monthly mean precipitation change. These results also showed that LCLUC was mainly driven by socioeconomic rather than climatic factors.
Extending the QMM Framework to the Strong and Weak Interactions
Authors: Neukart Florian , Marx Eike , Vinokur Valerii
Published: December 2024

We extend the Quantum Memory Matrix (QMM) framework, originally developed to reconcile quantum mechanics and general relativity by treating space--time as a dynamic information reservoir, to incorporate the full suite of Standard Model gauge interactions. In this discretized, Planck-scale formulation, each space--time cell possesses a finite-dimensional Hilbert space that acts as a local memory, or \emph{quantum imprint}, for matter and gauge field configurations. We focus on embedding non-Abelian SU(3)\(_\mathrm{c}\) (quantum chromodynamics) and SU(2)\(_\mathrm{L}\)\(\times\)U(1)\(_Y\) (electroweak interactions) into QMM by constructing gauge-invariant imprint operators for quarks, gluons, electroweak bosons, and the Higgs mechanism. This unified approach naturally enforces unitarity by allowing black hole horizons, or any high-curvature region, to store and later retrieve quantum information about color and electroweak charges, thereby preserving subtle non-thermal correlations in evaporation processes. Moreover, the discretized nature of QMM imposes a Planck-scale cutoff, potentially taming UV divergences and modifying running couplings at trans-Planckian energies. We outline major challenges, such as the precise formulation of non-Abelian imprint operators and the integration of QMM with loop quantum gravity, as well as possible observational strategies — ranging from rare decay channels to primordial black hole evaporation spectra — that could provide indirect probes of this discrete, memory-based view of quantum gravity and the Standard Model.
Factors Influencing Parental Involvement in Cambodian Lower Secondary Schools: The Role of Socioeconomic Status, Self-Efficacy, Expectations, and Beliefs
Authors: Be Borey
Published: December 2024

The study explores the effect of socioeconomic status (SES), parental beliefs, expectations, and self-efficacy on parental involvement in Cambodian lower secondary schools. Employing a quantitative method with survey data from 351 parents, the research analyzes the multifaceted nature of parental involvement, distinguishing between home-based and school-based activities. Findings indicate that parental beliefs and expectations predict home-based and school-based involvement, but SES largely influences school-based engagement. Interestingly, self-efficacy was not a strong predictor, suggesting that cultural and environmental factors may moderate its impact on parental engagement. These results show the resiliency of Cambodian parents in supporting their children’s education despite financial challenges, particularly in home-based activities. The study underlines the necessity of empowering parents through targeted resources and digital engagement initiatives, which can overcome gaps in involvement across socioeconomic disparities. The study contributes to understanding parental involvement within a developing country context, informing policies that support equitable educational opportunities in Cambodia.
On the Performance of Short Binary BCH Codes for Ultra-Low Latency Wireless Communications
Authors: Morelos-Zaragoza Robert , Ma Jeffrey
Published: December 2024

In recent years, polar codes have been considered for communication systems that require high reliability and ultra-low latency, such as sixth generation (6G) wireless communications. This paper presents simulation results showing that short binary extended BCH (eBCH) codes with low-complexity decoding outperform polar codes for lengths 64 and 128. In the simulations, polar mapping under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is assumed and ordered-statistics decoding (OSD) of eBCH codes is compared with CRC-aided successive-cancellation list decoding (SCLD-CRC) of polar codes of the same lengths and rates. The results indicate that short-length binary eBCH codes achieve lower average bit error rate values (higher reliability) and thus should be considered as strong candidates in communication systems requiring extremely low latency, i.e., short code lengths of up to 128 bits. The eBCH simulation results are obtained with OSD and reprocessing order equal to one so that complexity is comparable to SCLD-CRC. Specifically, error performances are quantified of length-64 and selected length-128 eBCH codes with order-1 OSD and polar codes with SCLD-CRC for the same rates and lengths. These results serve to verify that short binary eBCH codes do indeed outperform short polar codes with comparable decoding complexity.
Precision in Tear Fluid Biomarker Discovery: Quantitative Proteomic Profiling of Small-Volume, Individual Samples Using Capillary Tube Collection
Authors: Frenia Kyla , Fu Yunxiang , Beatty Maria A. , Garwood Kathleen C. , Kimmel Jeremy , Raiji Veena , Pan Dipanjan , Bartlett David , Labriola Leanne T. , Xiao Kunhong
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Tear fluid, a complex biofluid that contains thousands of proteins and can be collected non-invasively, has emerged as a promising source of biomarkers for ocular and systemic health. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is currently the primary method for discovering novel biomarkers in tear fluid. However, the method of tear collection can significantly impact LC-MS/MS analysis outcomes. Tear fluid is commonly collected using either Schirmer strips or capillary tubes. While capillary tubes offer distinct advantages, such as reduced extracellular contamination and reflex tearing, most LC-MS/MS protocol development has focused on optimizing protocols for Schirmer strips. This study addresses this gap by evaluating digestion protocols for tear fluid collected with capillary tubes, focusing on biomarker discovery using small-volume samples. In this study, we evaluated multiple digestion protocols for the shotgun quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis of small-volume tear fluid samples collected using glass capillary tubes. Protocol optimization was performed using pooled samples and then compared with the analysis of individual samples. With the optimized protocol, we identified an average of 368 ± 87 proteins in pooled samples and 502 ± 127 proteins in individual small-volume tear fluid samples, using less than 1µL of total fluid volume. This protocol highlights the practicality of using glass capillary tubes for comprehensive LC-MS/MS-based tear proteomics analysis, paving the way for detailed proteomics characterization of individual tear fluid samples rather than pooled samples. By shifting from pooled to individual samples, this approach greatly accelerates tear biomarker discovery, advancing precision and personalized medicine.
Reproductive Potential and Population Growth of the Worm Enchytraeus buchholzi (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) under Laboratory Conditions as well as Regression Models
Authors: Zhao Limin , Ma Guilan
Published: December 2024

The worm Enchytraeus buchholzi is a new pest on American ginseng Panax quinquefolium. To explore its reproductive potential and then estimate its population dynamics, the authors conducted two related experiments: 1) to measure individual fecundity in lifetime by rearing each of parent adults alone in a wet-sandy dish at 18 and 21 °C indoors; and 2) to test population growth by rearing each of parent adults together with its offspring for a time longer than two generations at 21 °C. In Experiment I, five dependent varia-bles, such as daily mean cocoons (DMC), cumulative cocoons (CC), eggs per cocoon (EPC), daily mean eggs (DME) and cumulative eggs (CE), were extracted, with each of them subject to a stepwise regression analysis on rearing time (T) and its power series as independent variables. Equaling to the net reproductive rate (R0), the generational adult equivalent (GAE) was calculated via a conversion of F1 generational eggs into adult equivalents (AE). In Experiment II, both an exponential and a logistic function were applied to construct regression equations. The results indicated: 1) a parent adult of E. buchholzi was able to live for a period as long as 10 and 13 full generations at the two temperatures tested, and lay 84.8 and 110.6 cocoons containing 545 and 714 eggs respectively; 2) DMC reached its maximum between 7 and 9 days of rearing and then declined slowly along a straight regression line; 3) CC rose steadily along a quadratic curve; 4) both EPC and DME varied following a cubic curve; 5) CE increased steadily along a cubic curve; 6) the new polynomial models suitably reflected numerical growth trends of cocoons and eggs in the F1 generation in broad sense, and corresponding derivative equations quantified both daily reproductive potential and resistance of the worm, and thus revealed its daily reproductive capacity; 7) R0 was 41.2 AE at 21 °C and 42.5 AE at 18°C when a population of E. buchholzi lived in a niche with ambient resources unlimited; 8) This kind of temporal population generated by individual reproduction had fully demonstrated its significant, generational reproductive potential; and 9) living in such a limited area as the wet-sandy dish, bypassing an exponential growth process, the laboratory population grew up along a logistic curve from F1 to F3 generations. The statistical relationships help to comprehend individual reproduction of E. buchholzi, understand better the logical sequence and the difference between individual and population reproductions, predict population dynamics of the worm, and provide its integrated pest management with a solid basis. The experimental study has expanded theories on bionomics and population ecology, and opened a new area for research work in related fields.
RURUS SURYAWAN Score: A Novel Scoring System to Predict 30-Day Mortality for Acute Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Suryawan I Gde Rurus , Oktaviono Yudi Her , Dharmadjati Budi Baktijasa , Hernugrahanto Aldhi Pradana , Alsagaff Mochamad Yusuf , Nugraha David , Erlangga Made Edgard Rurus Surya , Saputra Pandit Bagus Tri , Nugraha Ricardo Adrian
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: It is essential to identify acute myocardial infarction patients with greater risk of deterioration following primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Given an inconsistent result about predictors of 30-day outcomes regarding scoring system for first episode of acute myocardial infarction, the objective of this study is to develop novel scoring system to predict 30-day mortality among patients with first episode of acute myocardial infarction underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Methodology. Retrospective study was conducted with total sampling for all patients with first-time acute myocardial infarction underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention, between 2021 to 2024 at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Indonesia. We performed a total sampling, collected 1714 patients, in which 1535 patients were included.. Primary outcomes were 30-day mortality. Results. The analysis included 1535 patients: derivation set 926 and validation set 609. In our study, the 30-day mortality was 20.7%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to build prediction models in derivation group, and then validated in validation cohort. Discrimination, calibration and clinical usefulness of the predicting model were assessed using the C-index, calibration plot and decision curve analysis. After pairwise comparison, the best performing model was chosen to build a nomogram according to the regression coefficients. The AUROC was 0.944 (0.906–0.972) in the derivation set and 0.959 (0.921–0.983) in the validation set. Conclusion. After adjusting for potential confounders, we developed RURUS SURYAWAN, a novel scoring system to identify predictor of 30-day mortality among acute myocardial infarction before primary percutaneous coronary intervention.
Group Theory of the 2×2×2 Rubik’s Cube and Its Solution Algorithms
Authors: Bhattacharya Riddhiman
Published: December 2024

The \( 3 \times 3 \times 3 \) cube is the subject of numerous works and is examined several times as a group. Not only that, the God's Number (the maximum required number of rotations of the optimal solution path) is the subject of many works and has often been calculated and improved by new algorithms . The calculation of the God's Number of the \( 3 \times 3 \times 3 \) cube is much more demanding and therefore also more interesting than that of the \( 2 \times 2 \times 2 \) cube. The motivation of this work is to apply the knowledge of the \( 3 \times 3 \times 3 \) cube in \( 2 \times 2 \times 2 \) cube. In contrast to the \( 3 \times 3 \times 3 \) cube, the \( 2 \times 2 \times 2 \) cube has fewer pieces and no edge cubies - this makes the smaller cube less complex. However, the \( 2 \times 2 \times 2 \) cube can be rotated due to the lack of center cubies, which means that the top side can be changed at will. In this work, the knowledge of the group of the \( 3 \times 3 \times 3 \) cube is adapted and thus the \( 2 \times 2 \times 2 \) cube is represented using group theory to gain knowledge about the cube which includes calculating the number of possible cube configurations and creating a concept for finding the optimal solution path.
Sanguinarine-Chelerythrine from Coptis chinensis Offers Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects Without Gastrotoxicity
Authors: Danielewski Maciej , Zielińska Sylwia , Merwid-Ląd Anna , Szandruk-Bender Marta , Słupski Wojciech , Włodarczyk Maciej , Sozański Tomasz , Ziółkowski Piotr , Szeląg Adam , Nowak Beata
Published: December 2024

Background: Pain is a major clinical and socioeconomic problem worldwide and existing therapies are not always effective and are often associated with the burden of adverse effects that limit their usage. Natural compounds are an important group of pharmaceuticals that may be used in pain management. We aimed to investigate the analgesic activity of the sanguinarine-chelerythrine from C. chinensis. Methods: The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of sanguinarine-chelerythrine fraction of C. chinensis (SC 5 and10mg/kg), sanguinarine (SAN 1 and 2 mg/kg) and chelerythrine (CHEL 4 and 8 mg/kg ) was assessed in the tail-flick and formalin tests. Microscopic and macroscopic examination of stomach mucosae was performed. TNFα and MMP-9 levels were measured with ELISA kits. Results: Morfine (MORF), CHEL and SC prolongated the tail withdrawal latency and with comparable analgesic activity of MRF and CHEL 8 mg/kg. MORF, CHEL 8 mg/kg, and SAN 2 mg/kg ameliorated the pain reaction in the neurogenic phase of the formalin test. In the inflammatory phase of the formalin test, all tested substances exerted analgesic activity. SAN, CHEL and SC reduced additionally TNFα and MMP-9 secretion.. Conclusions: Our results confirmed analgesic effects of CHEL and SC with CHEL analgesic activity comparable to MORF. All investigated substances exerted significant anti-inflammatory activity without concomitant gastrotoxicity.
Gene Co-Expression Analysis Reveals Functional Differences Between Early and Late Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Gutiérrez Cruz Abel Isaías , Anda-Jáuregui Guillermo de , Hernandez-Lemus Enrique
Published: December 2024

The rising prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), particularly among older adults, has driven increased research into its underlying mechanisms and risk factors. Aging, genetic susceptibility, and cardiovascular health are recognized contributors to AD, but how the age of onset affects disease progression remains underexplored. This study investigates the role of early- versus late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD and LOAD, respectively) in shaping the trajectory of cognitive decline. Leveraging data from the Religious Orders Study and Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP), two cohorts were established: individuals with early-onset AD and those with late-onset AD. Comprehensive analyses, including differential gene expression profiling, pathway enrichment, and gene co-expression network construction, were conducted to identify distinct molecular signatures associated with each cohort. Network modularity learning algorithms were used to discern inner structure of co-expression networks and their related functional features. Key network descriptors were computed to enhance the interpretation of these findings, providing new insights into how age at onset may influence the biological progression of AD.
Green Hydrogen Initiatives for Sustainable Economic Development in Sri Lanka: A View from Global Policy Communication
Authors: Shahmy Seyed , Munagamage Thilini , Suranjana Perera Rasitha Thilini
Published: December 2024

Sri Lanka is exploring sustainable energy solutions to meet increasing energy demands through mitigating the impact of climate change. The present heavy reliance on imported fossil fuels by the country makes it vulnerable to global price fluctuations and supply disruptions in global geopolitical changes. As a pre-merging economy, Sri Lanka stands to benefit significantly from adopting the regulatory frameworks, including the sound policies focused on green hydrogen, despite it being in the initial stage of basic research in the country but having the potential to climb to the R&D economic contribution on a long-term basis. Promoting a hydrogen economy within a robust policy framework and incentives can enable job creation, attract direct foreign investment, and thereby foster innovation in clean energy technologies. Transitioning to green hydrogen has a strong promise to position Sri Lanka as a proactive player in the global shift towards sustainability in the economies. The implications of sound policies to harness the green hydrogen spillovers and spinoffs are not only a strategic imperative but also a pathway to ensuring a resilient and prosperous future for the nation.