bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TaVrt2, an SVP‐like gene, cooperates with TaVrn1 to regulate vernalization‐induced flowering in wheat
Authors: Xie Li , Zhang Yong , Wang Ke , Luo Xumei , Xu Dengan , Tian Xiuling , Li Lingli , Ye Xingguo , Xia Xianchun , Li Wenxue , Yan Liuling , Cao Shuanghe
Published: November 2019

TaVrn1, encoding a MADS‐box transcription factor (TF), is the central regulator of wheat vernalization‐induced flowering. Considering that the MADS‐box TF usually works by forming hetero‐ or homodimers, we conducted yeast‐two‐hybrid screening and identified an SVP‐like MADS‐box protein TaVrt2 interacting with TaVrn1. However, the specific function of TaVrt2 and the biological implication of its interaction with TaVrn1 remained unknown.

We validated the function of TaVrt2 and TaVrn1 by wheat transgenic experiments and their interaction through multiple protein‐binding assays. Population genetic analysis also was used to display their interplay. Transcriptomic sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed to identify their common targets.

TaVrt2 and TaVrn1 are flowering promoters in the vernalization pathway and interact physically in vitro, in planta and in wheat cells. Additionally, TaVrt2 and TaVrn1 were significantly induced in leaves by vernalization, suggesting their spatio‐temporal interaction during vernalization. Genetic analysis indicated that TaVrt2 and TaVrn1 had significant epistatic effects on flowering time. Furthermore, native TaVrn1 was up‐regulated significantly in TaVrn1‐OE (overexpression) and TaVrt2‐OE lines. Moreover, TaVrt2 could bind with TaVrn1 promoter directly.

A TaVrt2‐mediated positive feedback loop of TaVrn1 during vernalization was proposed, providing additional understanding on the regulatory mechanism underlying vernalization‐induced flowering.
Documentation of shared decision making around primary prevention defibrillator implantations
Authors: Barakat Amr F. , Asif Anum , Inashvili Ana , Szeto Libby , Noor Ahmed , Thalappillil Alvin , Adhikari Shubash , Fatima Shumail , Pasupula Deepak Kumar , Ahmad Shahzad , Mathew Don , Bhonsale Aditya , Kancharla Krishna , Wang Norman C. , Jain Sandeep , Mark Estes N. A. , Saba Samir
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Patients eligible for primary prevention implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) therapy are faced with a complex decision that needs a clear understanding of the risks and benefits of such an intervention. In this study, our goal was to explore the documentation of primary prevention ICD discussions in the electronic medical records (EMRs) of eligible patients.

Methods

In 1523 patients who met criteria for primary prevention ICD therapy between 2013 and 2015, we reviewed patient charts for ICD‐related documentation: “mention” by physicians or “discussion” with patient/family. The attitude of the physician and the patient/family toward ICD therapy during discussions was categorized into negative, neutral, or positive preference. Patients were followed to the end‐point of ICD implantation.

Results

Over a median follow‐up of 442 days, 486 patients (32%) received an ICD. ICD was mentioned in the charts of 1105 (73%) patients, and a discussion with the patient/family about the risks and benefits of ICD was documented in 706 (46%) charts. On multivariable analyses, positive cardiologist (hazard ratio [HR]: 7.9, 95% confidence of intervals [CI]: 1.0‐59.7, P < .05), electrophysiologist (HR: 7.7, 95% CI: 1.9‐31.7, P < .001), and patient/family (HR: 9.9, 95% CI: 6.2‐15.7, P < .001) preferences toward ICD therapy during the first documented ICD discussion were independently associated with ICD implantation.

Conclusions

In a large cohort of patients eligible for primary prevention ICD therapy, a discussion with the patient/family about the risks and benefits of ICD implantation was documented in less than 50% of the charts. More consistent documentation of the shared decision making around ICD therapy is needed.
Severe irritant reaction following sequential waxing and use of a chemical depilatory cream in an adolescent
Authors: Kiene Julianne , Maiman Rachel E. , DeKlotz Cynthia Marie Carver
Published: November 2019

A 15‐year‐old girl presented with leg wounds that were sustained after waxing and subsequent chemical depilation. History revealed prior usage of chemical depilatories without irritation. Given this finding, we suspect that waxing disrupted the epidermal barrier and, therefore, rendered the patient more susceptible to severe irritant contact dermatitis upon depilation. While there are reported cases of irritant contact dermatitis and chemical burns secondary to waxing or depilatory cream use in adults, a literature review found no reported cases of chemical burns in a pediatric patient or adult consequent to using these methods in tandem.
The Glucosamine‐derivative NAPA Suppresses MAPK Activation and Restores Collagen Deposition in Human Diploid Fibroblasts Challenged with Environmental Levels of UVB
Authors: Lopreiato Mariangela , Cocchiola Rossana , Falcucci Susanna , Leopizzi Martina , Cardone Michele , Di Maio Valeria , Brocco Umberto , D'Orazi Valerio , Calvieri Stefano , Scandurra Roberto , De Marco Federico , Scotto d'Abusco Anna
Published: November 2019

The ultraviolet (UV) component of solar radiation is the driving force of life on earth, but it can cause photoaging and skin cancer. In this study, we investigated the effects of the glucosamine‐derivative 2‐(N‐Acetyl)‐L‐phenylalanylamido‐2‐deoxy‐β‐D‐glucose (NAPA) on human primary fibroblasts (FBs) stimulated in vitro with environmental levels of UVB radiation. FBs were irradiated with 0.04 J cm−2 UVB dose, which resulted a mild dosage as shown by the cell viability and ROS production measurement. This environmental UVB dose induced activation of MAP kinase ERK 1/2, the stimulation of c‐fos and at lower extent of c‐jun, and in turn AP‐1‐dependent up‐regulation of pro‐inflammatory factors IL‐6 and IL‐8 and suppression of collagen type I expression. On the contrary, 0.04 J cm−2 UVB dose was not able to stimulate metalloprotease production. NAPA treatment was able to suppress the up‐regulation of IL‐6 and IL‐8 via the inhibition of MAP kinase ERK phosphorylation and the following AP‐1 activation, and was able to attenuate the collagen type I down‐regulation induced by the UVBs. Taken together, our results show that NAPA, considering its dual action on suppression of inflammation and stimulation of collagen type I production, represents an interesting candidate as a new photoprotective and photorepairing agents.
Taxation by Citation? Exploring Local Governments’ Revenue Motive for Traffic Fines
Authors: Su Min
Published: November 2019

Anecdotal evidence suggests that local governments may have a revenue motive for traffic fines, beyond public safety concerns. Using California's county‐level data over a 12‐year period, this article shows that counties increased per capita traffic fines by 40 to 42 cents immediately after a 10 percentage point tax revenue loss in the previous year; however, these counties did not reduce traffic fines if they experienced a tax revenue increase in the previous year. This finding indicates that county governments probably view traffic fines as a revenue source to offset tax revenue loss, but not as a revenue stabilizer to manage revenue fluctuation. This article also finds that low‐income and Hispanic‐majority counties raised more traffic fines. Counties that generated more revenue from the hotel tax—a tax typically paid by travelers and visitors—raised more traffic fines, indicating a possible tax‐exporting behavior by shifting the traffic fine burden to nonlocal drivers.
“Do we teach subjects or students?” Analyzing science and mathematics teacher conversations about issues of equity in the classroom
Authors: Sparks David M. , Pole Kathryn
Published: November 2019

Teachers involved in a Master's level course in diversity participated in virtual, synchronous, anonymized discussions around issues of ethnic and racial diversity, gender, and stereotypes that could impact their students’ participation in fields related to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Guided by theoretical frameworks from Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) and Critical Race Theory (CRT), a convenience sample of 14 science and mathematics teachers participated in a series of virtual chats using open‐ended questioning and facilitated by two university instructors. Using conversation and critical discourse analyses, three primary themes emerged: understanding of issues related to stereotypes, encouragement of females and minorities to pursue careers in STEM, and the place for diversity discussions in science and mathematics classrooms. The teachers felt burdened by curricular and administrative constraints that inhibit their ability to participate in thought‐provoking critical conversations. The paper concludes with a discussion of ways teachers can assist in the STEM career identity development of their underrepresented females and students of color and calls for research that combines the key findings in SCCT and CRT to build confidence and capacity for teachers to effectively confront issues of racism, sexism, and stereotyping in science and mathematics classrooms.
Severity of acute gastrointestinal graft‐vs‐host disease is associated with incidence of bloodstream infection after adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Modi Anita , Rybicki Lisa , Majhail Navneet S. , Mossad Sherif Beniameen
Published: November 2019

Background

Infections are the most common cause of non‐relapse mortality in adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo HSCT) recipients. Acute gastrointestinal graft‐vs‐host disease (GI GVHD) often leads to friable mucosa as well as treatment interventions which can increase risk of infection. Our primary objective was to describe the relationship between increasing grades of acute GI GVHD and incidence of bloodstream infections (BSI).

Methods

We reviewed 441 adults who underwent allo HSCT from 2011 to 2017 and were clinically diagnosed with GI GVHD, non‐GI GVHD, or no GVHD based on the modified Glucksberg scale within the first 100 days of transplantation. The maximum grades of acute GI GVHD and non‐GI GVHD were used in the analysis. BSI was defined based on the presence of a blood culture positive for bacteria or fungi and treatment with antibiotics. The incidence of BSI within the first 180 days of transplantation was estimated with the cumulative incidence method. Fine and Gray regression was used to assess association between clinical grade of acute GI GVHD and BSI risk, adjusting for grade of non‐GI GVHD and for other significant baseline patient risk factors for BSI identified by multivariable analysis. Results are shown as hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A similar analysis was conducted in 130 patients with histologic grade of acute GI GVHD.

Results

Overall BSI incidence by day 180 was 32%; gram‐negative bacilli were the predominant organisms, followed by gram‐positive cocci and fungi. Patients with grade 4 acute GI GVHD had higher risk of BSI as compared to patients with no GI GVHD (HR 2.98, CI 1.65‐5.37, P < .001), while those with grade 3 acute GI GVHD had similar BSI risk (HR 0.89, CI 0.36‐2.21, P = .81). Grade of GI GVHD had no association with risk of non‐BSI. Results were similar in patients with histologic grade acute GI GVHD. Patients who developed BSI or non‐BSI had significantly higher overall mortality risk compared to those without infectious complications (HR 2.52, CI 1.92‐3.31, P < .001 for BSI; HR 1.60, CI 1.20‐2.13, P = .001 for non‐BSI).

Conclusions

Grade 4 acute GI GVHD is associated with a higher risk of BSI, which is in turn associated with a higher risk of overall mortality in this population. Understanding the relationships between acute GI GVHD, BSI, and overall mortality can guide future treatment strategies for adult allo HSCT recipients.
Toxoplasmosis in non‐cardiac solid organ transplant recipients: A case series and review of literature
Authors: Ramanan Poornima , Scherger Sias , Benamu Esther , Bajrovic Valida , Jackson Whitney , Hage Chadi A. , Hakki Morgan , Baddley John W. , Abidi Maheen Z.
Published: November 2019

The risk of toxoplasmosis in high‐risk cardiac transplant recipients is well recognized prompting universal donor and candidate screening with administration of targeted post‐transplant chemoprophylaxis in high‐risk (D+/R−) cardiac transplant patients. In contrast, until recently, there have been neither well‐defined recommendations nor consensus regarding toxoplasmosis preventive strategies among non‐cardiac solid organ transplant recipients. We report 3 cases of post‐transplant toxoplasmosis in non‐cardiac transplant recipients (one lung and two liver); all 3 infections presumed to be donor‐derived. Not surprisingly, pre‐transplant Toxoplasma serology was negative in all the patients. None of the patients were on trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX) prophylaxis at the time of diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. The median time from transplant to onset of infection was 90 days (range: 30‐120 days). Clinical presentations included cerebral (n = 1) and disseminated infections (n = 2). Two of the 3 patients, both with disseminated infection died (mortality ~ 67%).
Lip‐to‐nose flap for reconstruction of the nasal planum after curative intent excision of squamous cell carcinoma in cats: Description of technique and outcome in seven cases
Authors: Massari Federico , Chiti Lavinia E. , Lisi Marta L. P. , Drudi Dario , Montinaro Vincenzo , Sommaruga Paolo
Published: November 2019

Objective

To describe the surgical technique for nasal planum reconstruction with a lip‐to‐nose flap after curative intent surgical excision of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in cats and to report the surgical outcomes.

Study design

Short case series.

Animals

Seven cats with SCC of the lateral (n = 6) or dorsal (n = 1) aspect of the nasal planum.

Methods

After tumor excision, a mucocutaneous lip‐to‐nose flap was harvested from the upper lip and transposed to reconstruct the nasal planum. Variables recorded included surgical time, surgical complications, healing complications, flap success rate, and cosmetic and long‐term functional outcomes.

Results

Median surgical time was 67.5 minutes (range 49‐80), and no intraoperative complications occurred. Postoperatively, six cats developed self‐limiting edema of the muzzle, and one cat had nasal discharge for 2 days. No major complications occurred during the healing process, and all cats went on to achieve successful healing of their flap. A small area of partial‐thickness necrosis developed at the cranial edge of the flap in three cats and healed spontaneously in all cases within a few days. According to owner satisfaction and periodic clinical assessment, cosmetic and long‐term functional of outcomes were considered good in all cats.

Conclusion

The lip‐to‐nose flap allowed for aesthetic and functional reconstruction of the nasal planum after curative intent surgical excision of feline SCC.

Clinical significance

The lip‐to‐nose flap is an option for a single‐stage reconstruction of the nasal planum following partial nasal planectomy in cats.
Experimental and numerical study of a piano key side weir with oblique keys
Authors: Karimi Mahmoud , Jalili Ghazizadeh Mohammadreza , Saneie Mojtaba , Attari Jalal
Published: November 2019

Side weirs deflect the approaching flow to the side channel with a specific angle. Considering this angled flow, the oblique shape of side weirs would improve the flow discharge efficiency. In this paper, a Piano Key Side Weir (PKSW) with oblique keys is proposed. Sixteen PKSWs with different key angles were studied in the laboratory, as well as two PKSWs by using CFD modelling. Flow characteristics and discharge coefficients of the proposed side weirs were investigated. Results show that a PKSW with positive key angles can decrease the flow disturbance (a phenomenon usually occurs in symmetric PKSWs), which results in higher discharge coefficients especially in high Froude numbers (F1 > 0.35). Among the studied PKSWs with oblique keys, the best performance was achieved with a PKSW with 30° key angle. The findings of this study can be used for a better design of PKSWs.
Super-rigidity and non-linearity for lattices in products
Authors: Bader Uri , Furman Alex
Published: November 2019

We prove a super-rigidity result for algebraic representations over complete fields of irreducible lattices in products of groups and lattices with dense commensurator groups. We derive criteria for the non-linearity of such groups.
Derivation of Entropy and Exergy Transport Equations, and Application to Second Law Analysis of Sugarcane Bagasse Gasification in Bubbling Fluidized Beds
Authors: Verissimo Gabriel L. , Cruz Manuel E. , Leiroz Albino J. K.
Published: November 2019

In the present work, the transport equations for mass, momentum, energy, and chemical species as given by the Euler–Euler formulation for multiphase flows are used together with the second law of thermodynamics to derive the entropy and exergy transport equations, suitable to the study of gas-particle reactive flows, such as those observed during pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion of biomass particles. The terms of the derived equations are discussed, and the exergy destruction contributions are identified. Subsequently, a kinetic model is implemented in a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) open source code for the sugarcane bagasse gasification. Then, the derived exergy destruction terms are implemented numerically through user-defined Fortran routines. Next, the second law analysis of the gasification process of sugarcane bagasse in bubbling fluidized beds is carried out. Detailed results are obtained for the local destructions of exergy along the reactor. This information is important to help improve environmental and sustainable practices and should be of interest to both designers and operators of fluidized bed equipment.
A Study on Urban Heating System Flexibility: Modeling and Evaluation
Authors: Chen Jiaying , Li Hao , Huang Wei , Li Zhongbo , Zhong Wei , Zhou Yi , Lin Xiaojie
Published: November 2019

This study investigates the urban heating system (UHS) by taking a look at the heat transportation flexibility of the system. We propose the heating system flexibility (HSF) concept to represent UHS’s capability of meeting the heating demand under different operation conditions during the heating season and give out the corresponding evaluation method. Based on the evaluation method, we investigate the impact of heating network enhancement measures upon HSF by taking a real UHS in Beijing as a demo site. We pick network-wise topological change (extra pipe) and booster pump installation as two representative renovation measures. When an extra pipe close to end-user is introduced to the network, the average flexibility increases but the median flexibility drops. The results show that the introduction of the extra pipe does not reduce the hydraulic imbalance among different substations. A booster pump is more suitable for improving local substation HSF, although such a measure is only effective to a portion of the substations. Overall, the concept of HSF has the potential of being used as an important criterion in the design, operation, and control of UHS and other energy systems.
Feasibility Study of Force Measurement for Multi-Digit Unconstrained Grasping via Fingernail Imaging and Visual Servoing
Authors: Fallahinia Navid , Mascaro Stephen
Published: November 2019

Publisher’s Note:

This paper was selected for publication in ASME Letters in Dynamic Systems and Control.

https://www.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/lettersdynsys/article/doi/10.1115/1.4046777/1082075/Feasibility-Study-of-Force-Measurement-for-Multi
Emission Aware Eco-Driving on Country Roads
Authors: Deng Junpeng , Polterauer Philipp , del Re Luigi
Published: November 2019

Eco-driving is a way to improve performance — mainly energy consumption — of road vehicles by computing an optimal speed and gear shifting profile based on vehicle data and road profile, e.g. slopes or speed limits. It mainly focuses on long haul scenarios such as highways, considering longitudinal movement only. Lateral acceleration of a vehicle is a critical quantity both in terms of comfort and safety, but its impact on fuel consumption or emissions is rarely considered or believed to be limited [1], as it does not affect directly the operating point of the engine. However, on country roads which usually present much stronger curvatures, lateral acceleration may be a critical constraint. In this paper, the impact of lateral acceleration limits on optimal solutions to multi-objective eco-driving is investigated. It is found that it may play an even more critical role than longitudinal acceleration with respect to fuel consumption and NOx emission. As a consequence, the choice of limits to lateral acceleration on curvy roads should be set very carefully in order to achieve a balance between energy saving, drivers comfort and travel time. The results of this work are validated on a high-feasibility Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) system calibrated with data from Real Driving Emissions tests.
Thermodynamics-Inspired Modeling of Macroscopic Swarm States
Authors: Haeri Hossein , Jerath Kshitij , Leachman Jacob
Published: November 2019

Publisher’s Note:

This paper was selected for publication in ASME Letters in Dynamic Systems and Control.

https://www.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/lettersdynsys/article/doi/10.1115/1.4046580/1075681/Thermodynamics-Inspired-Macroscopic-States-of
Sliding Mode Impedance and Stiffness Control of a Pneumatic Cylinder
Authors: Slightam Jonathon E. , Barth Eric J. , Nagurka Mark L.
Published: November 2019

Pneumatic double acting cylinders are able to provide inherent stiffness and force control for compliant motion control applications. Impedance control methods allow for a broad spectrum of mechanical properties of actuators to be achieved. The range of this spectrum can be increased by simultaneously controlling the actuator’s inherent stiffness and impedance, a concept explored in this paper. Presented here is a sliding mode impedance and stiffness controller for a servo-pneumatic double acting cylinder. Two proportional servo-valves are employed for simultaneous control of the virtual impedance and inherent stiffness of the pneumatic cylinder. Experimental results of tracking trajectories and contact are reported and discussed with respect to different approaches in the literature.
Structured Robust Linear Parameter-Varying Vehicle Sideslip Angle Estimation
Authors: Zha Jingqiang , Wang Junmin , Li Min , Zhang Xin , Yu Xiao
Published: November 2019

Non-smooth structured robust controller design has drawn a lot of attention recently due to its ability to deal with uncertainty and its convenience for implementation. In this paper, the method is extended to design the structured robust linear parameter-varying (LPV) estimator by pulling out scheduling variables from estimator using linear fractional transformation (LFT). The structured robust LPV estimator is then applied to vehicle sideslip angle estimation. Both the measured vehicle speed and estimated tire cornering stiffness are treated as scheduling variables to further reduce sideslip angle estimation error. The effects of estimator order and number of repetitiveness of scheduling variables are studied using a MATLAB/Simulink bicycle model. The developed approach is later verified in Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation environment using dSPACE SCALEXIO and MicroAutoBox. A comprehensive high-fidelity dSPACE automotive simulation models (ASM) vehicle model is used for the real-time HIL simulation. Double-lane change and sine steer maneuvers have been implemented to verify the effectiveness of the structured robust LPV sideslip angle estimation method.
Energy-Balanced Leader-Switching Policy for Formation Rotation Control of Multi-Agent Systems Inspired by Bird Flocks
Authors: Dotson Corey , Macias Geronimo , Lee Kooktae
Published: November 2019

This paper addresses an energy-balanced leader-switching policy for formation rotation control of multi-agent systems inspired by bird flocks. Birds that flock in V-formation with a leader rotation strategy are able to travel longer distances due to reduced drag and therefore less energy expenditure. This flocking behavior with a leader rotation will result in more conservation of overall energy and will be particularly beneficial to migrating birds that should fly long distances without landing. In this paper, we propose an energy-balanced leader-switching policy inspired by this bird flocking behavior in order to increase the flight range for multi-agent systems. The formation control of multi-agent systems is achieved by the consensus algorithm, which is fully decentralized through the use of information exchanges between agents. The proposed leader-switching method is not necessarily incorporated with the consensus dynamics and thus, the leader-switching algorithm can be decoupled from formation control dynamics. Therefore, the proposed method can simplify the leader-switching algorithm, making it easy to implement. Moreover, we propose the analytic flight distance based on the energy consumption model for each agent. To test the validity of the developed method, several simulation results are presented.
Adaptive Control of Nanowires Motion Using Electric Fields in Fluid Suspension
Authors: Wu Juan , Yu Kaiyan
Published: November 2019

Automated, highly precise manipulation of nanowires and nanotubes is essential to achieve scalable nanomanufacturing. However, nanowires exhibit uncontrolled variations in their structures or compositions that can limit their functions and properties. In this paper, we present an adaptive controller for the simultaneous manipulation of multiple nanowires using electric fields. We then prove its stability in the presence of parametric uncertainties. Without complex characterization of each nanowire’s mobility, the nanowires can be steered to achieve precisely controlled positions. Simulation and experimental results confirm the proposed adaptive control scheme precisely, independently, and simultaneously manipulates the motion of multiple nanowires.
Empirical Regret Bounds for Control in Spatiotemporally Varying Environments: A Case Study in Airborne Wind Energy
Authors: Haydon Ben , Cole Jack , Dunn Laurel , Keyantuo Patrick , Chow Tina , Moura Scott , Vermillion Chris
Published: November 2019

This paper focuses on the empirical derivation of regret bounds for mobile systems that can vary their locations within a spatiotemporally varying environment in order to maximize performance. In particular, the paper focuses on an airborne wind energy system, where the replacement of towers with tethers and a lifting body allows the system to adjust its altitude continuously, with the goal of operating at the altitude that maximizes net power production. While prior publications have proposed control strategies for this problem, often with favorable results based on simulations that use real wind data, they lack any theoretical or statistical performance guarantees. In the present work, we make use of a very large synthetic data set, identified through parameters from real wind data, to derive probabilistic bounds on the difference between optimal and actual performance, termed regret. The results are presented for a variety of control strategies, including a maximum probability of improvement, upper confidence bound, greedy, and constant altitude approaches.
On the Modeling and Optimization of Anti-Vibration Gloves for Hand-Arm Vibration Control
Authors: Gupta Sunit K. , Alabi Oreoluwa , Kakou Paul-Camille , Barry Oumar
Published: November 2019

Various studies in hand-arm vibrations have shown that isolators in the form of anti-vibration (AV) gloves are effective to reduce unwanted vibrations, transmitted to the human hand, from machines and hand tools. However, most of these studies are based on experimental or numerical analysis and hence, the level of effectiveness and optimum values of the glove’s properties remain unclear. In this work, we analytically study the dynamics of hand-arm vibrations with and without a glove using the harmonic balance method. The considered analytical models for the hand-arm vibration comprise of lumped multi-degree of freedom system. The hand-tool interactions are modeled as linear spring and damper system for simplicity and accordingly, we obtain the equations governing the dynamics of the human-hand system. We perform parametric analysis using this bio-mechanical model of the hand-arm vibrations with and without a glove. The parametric analysis on the relative transmissibility (i.e., the ratio of transmissibilities with glove to without glove) shows the dependence of the transmissibility on the glove parameters. We observe that the effect of glove parameters on the relative transmissibility is not monotonous for the studied frequency range. This observation further motivates us to perform optimization of the glove parameters to minimize the overall transmissibility.
Modelling and Experimental Study for PVC Gel Actuators
Authors: Frank Zachary , Olsen Zakai , Hwang Taeseon , Kim Kwang J.
Published: November 2019

Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gels are a promising material for soft robotic actuators due to their fast response rates and remarkable deformation characteristics. A variety of different actuator types can be made with PVC gels because their deformation via anodophilic creep is highly customizable by alteration of the electrode configuration, applied electric field, surface microstructure, and plasticizer content. This level of customization is not typically possible with other electroactive polymer actuators. Several attempts have been made to model PVC gel anodophilic creep actuation. Most of these have been limited in scope to particular actuator types and are phenomenological models. An accurate predictive model is necessary for the implementation and control of these actuators in the field of soft robotics, and this can be better achieved through the use of a physics-based electromechanical model.

In this paper the underlying mechanisms for PVC gel actuation are discussed, and simulation results are shown. We present our finite element model which seeks to move towards a more general model for PVC gels derived from first principles. This electromechanical model is based on the Maxwell stress that is developed within the PVC gel along the anode when an electric field is applied. COMSOL Multiphysics modeling software is utilized for the simulation of PVC gel deformation when exposed to an electric potential. In addition, an experimental study of PVC gels was conducted to verify the model for mesh-type contraction actuators, and the simulated results provide context and support for the underlying mechanisms discussed.
Observability of Multi-Agent Network Sensing Systems
Authors: Raptis Ioannis , Taylor Clark
Published: November 2019

This work addresses the observability properties of linear time-invariant systems that are monitored by a sensor network that provides access only to relative measurements and partial absolute observations of the state-space variables. Graph-theoretical tools are deployed to represent the information sharing links between the sensors of the network. The results are extended to multi-agent coordinated systems that are independently controlled or execute distributed control protocols. Explicit analytical conditions are derived that determine the system’s observability with respect to the spectral characteristics of the information-sharing network. The system’s observability is further investigated for multi-agent systems governed by the agreement dynamics where only a singleton measurement is available. The analysis is disseminated to the design of distributed observers where the agents have only available their relative displacement measurement from their neighbors. The distributed observer’s estimation error is rendered globally asymptotically stable by the addition of an anchor node that has access to the absolute motion of a single agent (node). The theoretical analysis is validated through numerical simulations.
Surface Recognition for Cars: A Comprehensive Approach for Neural Networks
Authors: Pourkand Ashkan , White Chris , Zamani Naghmeh , Grow David
Published: November 2019

This paper explores the viability of neural-network-based classification of ground surface for vehicles. By classifying road surface in near real-time, improvements in vehicle performance (e.g. braking and cornering) may be possible. Classification performance for many combinations of feature encoding and neural network types are compared. The vehicle used here was an Audi “S3” with a magnetic suspension system on the Sport mode. An NI CompactRIO (or cDAQ) module was used to record from a lowing the cDAQ to communicate with the PCB 352C03 one-axis accelerometer. The accelerometer was firmly attached to the windshield of the car. This work focuses on the classification of four road surfaces (asphalt, dirt, concrete, and sand), though larger target sets were also considered. The most accurate method involved a MATLAB feature extraction package with a back-propagation neural network, yielding an overall accuracy of 97%. Lessons learned from this wide exploration of options may extend to other related classification problems.
A Novel Buoyancy Control Device Using Reversible PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Yazji Jalal , Zaidi Hamza , Torres Luke Thomas , Leroy Christopher , Keow Alicia , Chen Zheng
Published: November 2019

Buoyancy control devices are essential to maneuver ROV effectively underwater. Many approaches have been used to tackle this problem such as compressed air ballast which can take in water and eject it using compressed air and the use of high-density foam plates that can be added or removed to increase or decrease the buoyancy. Presented in this paper is a novel approach for buoyancy control, which utilizes the electrolysis and reverse electrolysis capabilities of a reversible polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell to adjust the volume of a small vehicle, and change its depth. Making use of the two processes helps restore some of the energy consumed by the system through the process of reverse electrolysis and also for building a fully-closed system, that is, one that does not require any water or gas flow to the surrounding. Modeling of the device is explained and a proportional-derivative (PD) controller is designed to control it at a certain depth using a single sensor measurement. Experiments validate the controller performance.
Comparison of Frequency Response of Parametric Resonance of DWCNT and SWCNT Under Electrostatic Actuation
Authors: Caruntu Dumitru I. , Juarez Ezequiel
Published: November 2019

This paper deals with electrostatically actuated Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (DWCNT) and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT) cantilever resonators. Frequency response of parametric resonance is investigated. Euler-Bernoulli cantilever beam model is used for both DWCNT and SWCNT. Electrostatic and viscous damping forces are applied on both types of resonators, DWCNT and SWCNT. In this investigation, soft AC voltage excitation is assumed. For the DWCNT, an intertube van der Waals force is present between the two concentric carbon nanotubes (CNTs), coupling their motion and acting as a nonlinear spring. The nonlinearities in the vibration are provided by the electrostatic (both SWCNT and DWCNT) and intertube van der Waals forces (DWCNT). The Method of Multiple Scales (MMS) is a perturbation method that provides uniformly valid approximations for weakly nonlinear systems. A Reduced-Order-Model (ROM) is developed and numerically solved using AUTO-07P (bifurcation and continuation software). Since large tip deflections are investigated in this paper, only coaxial vibration of the DWCNT is considered. Parametric resonance is investigated, as well as the influences of damping and voltage. Lastly, the effect of intertube van der Waals force on the bifurcation and stability of the DWCNT is reported.
Assembly Planning Using a Two-Arm System for Polygonal Furniture
Authors: Payne Seth T. , Garrison C. Fletcher , Markham Steven E. , Hermans Tucker , Leang Kam K.
Published: November 2019

This paper focuses on the assembly planning process for constructing polygonal furniture (such as cabinets, speakers, bookshelves, etc.) using robotic arms and manipulators. An algorithm is described that utilizes easily-implemented and generally-accepted motion planning algorithms to take advantage of the polygonal nature of the furniture, which reduces the complexity of the assembly planner. In particular, the algorithm disassembles a given CAD model in simulation to find a valid assembly order and disassembly path, then implements that assembly order with two robotic arms, using the disassembly path as the finishing path of the part into the assembly. Additionally, it finds a collision-free plan developed for each of the arms in the correct assembly order with the final result being the assembly of the model.
Analysis of a Novel Command Governor-Based Adaptive Cruise Controller for Non-Cooperative Vehicle Following
Authors: Groelke Ben , Earnhardt Christian , Borek John , Vermillion Chris
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a novel adaptive cruise control (ACC) strategy that utilizes a command governor (CG) to enforce vehicle following constraints. The CG formulation relies on knowledge of the maximum possible braking deceleration of the lead vehicle and a tunable assumption regarding the lead vehicle velocity profile (offering different levels of conservatism) to modify wheel torque commands to ensure safe following. In particular, a safe following distance is defined as one in which the ego vehicle can avoid collision with the lead vehicle and maintain a sufficient following distance in the event that the lead vehicle exerts maximum braking deceleration. The CG seeks to adjust the wheel torque command such that the aforementioned constraint is satisfied at every step in a prediction horizon (i.e., at every step, if the lead vehicle exerts maximum braking deceleration, the ego vehicle can brake and remain outside of the aforementioned buffer zone), which requires an estimate of future lead vehicle behavior. In this work, we explore different levels of conservatism with regard to this assumption. Simulations are presented for a heavy-duty truck, using a stochastic lead vehicle model that has been calibrated with actual traffic data. Even for the most conservative lead vehicle prediction models, results show that this CG-based ACC strategy can reduce braking energy expended (used as a surrogate for fuel wasted) by up to 78%, while improving drivability and reducing total trip time.
The Effect of Wing-Motor Connection Mechanism on the Payload Capacity of Flapping Flight Hovering Robots
Authors: Pellerito Victoria , Vejdani Hamid
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we study the effect of the wing to motor connection mechanism on generated lift in flapping wing hovering robots. We also propose a series compliance mechanism for the wing to motor connection and compare its performance against the existing mechanisms. In the first mechanism, the wing is directly connected to the motor with no compliance attached to the wing or motor. The second mechanism has a compliance in parallel to the wing while it, the wing, is directly connected to the motor. This mechanism resembles the well-known spring-mass system in which a spring is in parallel to the motor force, and the inertia of the wing and motor move together. The possibility of producing resonance with this mechanism is a great advantage that increases the produced lift around the resonant flapping frequency. Our proposed mechanism, the third mechanism, is inspired by the existence of tendons and muscles in animal wings. Therefore, there is an elastic spring (tendon) exist between the motor (muscle) and the wing. In this wing-motor mechanism, one end of the spring (or compliance) is connected to the wing and the other end is connected to the motor. We construct trajectory optimization to find the maximum lift production in each mechanism given the geometrical and physical limitations. The results show that the series and parallel compliance mechanisms have the potential to produce more lift with respect to the non compliance mechanism. Moreover, the series compliance mechanism can produce the highest lift depending on the inertia distribution between the wing and the motor.
Polarization Imaging Application with Smartphones
Authors: Yan Peizheng , Xia Haojie , Li Jianquan , Wang Yonghong , Wei Yongqing , Ji Feng , Shu Shuangbao
Published: November 2019

Light polarization, which is the direction of electromagnetic field oscillation, provides information that is highly different from that of spectral and intensity images and thus can enhance various fields of optical metrology. Polarization imaging can be also used by combining polarization and imaging, thereby providing polarization and spatial information. In university physics teaching, light polarization is limited to the understanding of the polarization state of a single beam and polarization imaging is rarely involved. Here we use the camera of a smartphone, a polarizer, and 3D printing components to create a simplified imaging polarimeter, thus showing the characteristics of polarization imaging and its application.
An Authentic Research Project in Animal Behavior as an Introductory Physics Laboratory Exercise
Authors: de Silva Chamaree , Pullen Jeffrey , Northcutt Katharine , Jenkins Jarred
Published: November 2019

Many university and high school introductory physics courses include a laboratory portion where students follow a manual to conduct “cookbook” experiments. Here, we present an authentic research project for introductory physics students that focuses on kinematics that can be done outside a formal laboratory space. This experiment can be done in a high school or a university setting. Because it is not confined to a formal laboratory space, students can perform the experiment outside of a formal time period dedicated for labs, and over the course of a semester. This activity was developed as a part of an integrated science and mathematics program where students used their knowledge in kinematics to observe the psychology of animal behavior. Students were guided to write a research proposal for their experiment and to carry it out over a semester. The following describes the activity, experimental methods, and sample data.
The Energy Stick
Authors: Lincoln James
Published: November 2019

The “Energy Stick” or “Energy Tube” is an electric toy similar to an “Energy Ball.” The device is a clear plastic tube with metal foil loops on each end. When a conducting loop connects the two foil ends, a circuit is completed and current flows to activate the internal circuitry that flashes LEDs and makes a ghostly sound. The advantage of the energy stick is that its larger size allows for improved visibility in several key demonstrations. In this article I provide some examples of how to use this inexpensive toy for teaching the physics of electricity and modern physics.
Computational design of a modular protein sense-response system
Authors: Glasgow Anum A. , Huang Yao-Ming , Mandell Daniel J. , Thompson Michael , Ritterson Ryan , Loshbaugh Amanda L. , Pellegrino Jenna , Krivacic Cody , Pache Roland A. , Barlow Kyle A. , Ollikainen Noah , Jeon Deborah , Kelly Mark J. S. , Fraser James S. , Kortemme Tanja
Published: November 2019

Sense and respond

Many signaling pathways start with cellular proteins sensing and responding to small molecules. Despite advances in protein design, creating a protein-based sense-and-respond system remains challenging. Glasgow
et al.
designed binding sites at the interface of protein heterodimers (see the Perspective by Chica). By fusing each monomer to one half of a split reporter, they linked ligand-driven dimerization to the reporter output. The computational design strategy provides a generalizable approach to create synthetic sensing systems with different outputs.

Science
, this issue p.
1024
; see also p.
952
Compelled to drink: Why some cannot stop
Authors: Nixon Kimberly , Mangieri Regina A.
Published: November 2019

Individual differences in aversive stimulus processing may explain compulsive alcohol drinking
Chagas Disease in the United States: a Public Health Approach
Authors: Bern Caryn , Messenger Louisa A. , Whitman Jeffrey D. , Maguire James H.
Published: November 2019

Trypanosoma cruzi
is the etiological agent of Chagas disease, usually transmitted by triatomine vectors. An estimated 20 to 30% of infected individuals develop potentially lethal cardiac or gastrointestinal disease. Sylvatic transmission cycles exist in the southern United States, involving 11 triatomine vector species and infected mammals such as rodents, opossums, and dogs. Nevertheless, imported chronic
T. cruzi
infections in migrants from Latin America vastly outnumber locally acquired human cases.
Complete Genome Sequence of Sponge-Associated Tenacibaculum mesophilum DSM 13764
T
Authors: Miyake Sou , Soh Melissa , Ding Yichen , Seedorf Henning
Published: November 2019

Here, the complete genome sequence of sponge-associated
Tenacibaculum mesophilum
DSM 13764
T
is presented.
T. mesophilum
is a close relative of the fish pathogen
T. maritimum
, which causes significant fish disease outbreaks in aquaculture facilities. The
T. mesophilum
genome sequence will serve as an important resource for comparative genomics approaches.
Glomus tumour of the fourth toe: case discussion and review of literature
Authors: Romanos Elie , Al Delfi Firas , Hubballah Malek , Farah Carl
Published: November 2019

This is a case report with literature review and discussion of current diagnostic studies and management of a rare case of glomus tumour in the fourth toe of a 36-year-old male patient.
Uterine artery embolisation for IVC syndrome and severe lower extremity oedema secondary to IVC compression from massive fibroids
Authors: Cline Brendan , Martin Jonathan G
Published: November 2019

A 66-year-old woman was admitted to an outside facility with leg swelling and dyspnea on exertion. Initial workup revealed severe aortic stenosis and congestive heart failure (CHF) thought to be the culprit; however, a CT performed in the emergency department revealed massive uterine mass resulting in significant inferior vena cava (IVC) compression. Her cardiac status precluded hysterectomy, due to concerns regarding intraoperative fluid shifts decreasing preload in the setting of preload dependence in severe aortic stenosis. Similarly, her degree of IVC compression was thought to make valve replacement unacceptably dangerous, so she was referred to interventional radiology for consideration of uterine artery embolisation (UAE) to relieve IVC compression. She underwent UAE without complication, and her leg swelling nearly completely resolved at follow-up.
Lateral nasal wall abscess following manipulation of fractured nasal bones
Authors: Morris Simon , Whittet Heikki , Salamat Ali
Published: November 2019

Nasal fracture accounts for over 50% of facial fractures and is a frequent presentation to ear, nose and throat emergency clinics. Optimal management of nasal injuries with deformity is by manipulation under anaesthetic and should be offered when appropriate. A healthy 27-year-old woman presented with a lateral nasal wall mass with purulent discharge 1 month following manipulation. CT imaging revealed a mass arising from fragments of the nasal bone, consistent with an abscess. Bone fragments and purulent material were initially debrided, with a subsequent formal excision of a persistent granuloma performed with an excellent cosmetic outcome. This appears to be the first description of a granuloma resulting from a closed reduction—manipulation of a nasal fracture.