bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization—Carbonylation—Cyclization Coupling Reactions of N‐Propargylanilines and o‐Alkynylphenols with Palladium(II)—Bisoxazoline Catalysts.
Authors: Kusakabe Taichi , Sekiyama Emika , Ishino Yukari , Motodate Satoshi , Kato Shigeki , Mochida Tomoyuki , Kato Keisuke
Published: September 2012

A CCC‐coupling of N‐propargylanilines (I) or o‐alkynylphenols (VIII) in the presence of Pd(II)‐complexes with racemic bisoxazoline ligands is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Route to 4‐(Adamantan‐1‐yl)quinoline Derivatives Based on the Friedlaender Condensation.
Authors: Kozubkova Zuzana , Rouchal Michal , Necas Marek , Vicha Robert
Published: September 2012

The synthesis of the novel title compounds is limited by the bulkiness of the substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: A Ligand‐Free Pd‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction: An Access to the Highly Diverse Isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐one Derivatives via Isocyanide and Ugi‐MCR Synthesized Amide Precursors.
Authors: Tyagi Vikas , Khan Shahnawaz , Giri Archana , Gauniyal Harsh M. , Sridhar B. , Chauhan Prem M. S.
Published: September 2012

A new and efficient method to prepare various isoquinolinone derivatives is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Synthesis of 1‐Oxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroacridine‐9‐carboxylic Acids from Isatins and 1,3‐Cyclohexanedione.
Authors: Lv Qinghua , Fang Lizhen , Lu Chenjuan , Wang Pengfei
Published: September 2012

The reaction proceeds smoothly in the presence of toluenesulfonic acid and water.
ChemInform Abstract: An Acid‐Promoted Novel Skeletal Rearrangement Initiated by Intramolecular ipso‐Friedel—Crafts‐Type Addition to 3‐Alkylidene Indolenium Cations.
Authors: Yokosaka Takuya , Nemoto Tetsuhiro , Hamada Yasumasa
Published: September 2012

An innovative method for the synthesis of tricyclic indole derivatives which are of potential interest as scaffolds for drug design under mild and simple reaction conditions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted 6‐Azaindoles from Substituted Aziridines via Intramolecular Cyclization.
Authors: Lee Hogyu , Kim Jun Hee , Lee Won Koo , Jung Jae‐Hoon , Ha Hyun‐Joon
Published: September 2012

A new and efficient method to prepare biologically important 2,5‐disubstituted 6‐azaindoles is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Functional Azaxanthones by Using a Domino Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Yan Jianwei , Cheng Ming , Hu Feng , Hu Youhong
Published: September 2012

A new, mild, and efficient method to prepare substituted 2‐aza‐ and 2,4‐diazaxanthones is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Intramolecular Formal [2 + 4] Annulation of Acrylates and α,β‐Unsaturated Imines Catalyzed by Amino Acid Derived Phosphines.
Authors: Jin Zhichao , Yang Ruojie , Du Yu , Tiwari Bhoopendra , Ganguly Rakesh , Chi Yonggui Robin
Published: September 2012

The title reaction allows a new, efficient, and highly stereoselective access to various chromenopyridinone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile and Rapid One‐Step Synthesis of 8‐Substituted Xanthine Derivatives via Tandem Ring Closure at Room Temperature.
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Prabal , Agrawal Sumit K. , Sathe Manisha , Sharma Pratibha , Kaushik M. P.
Published: September 2012

NBS efficiently promotes the condensation of aldehydes with uracil derivative (I) in the presence of a catalytic amount of AIBN in a single step via a radical chain reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Disubstituted Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines, Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidines, and Pyrimido[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles Containing Thioether and Aryl Moieties.
Authors: Li Gang , Zhang Zun‐Ting , Dai Li‐Yan , Du Yin‐Li , Xue Dong
Published: September 2012

A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of the title compounds, which may biologically interesting properties, is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Pyrazino[2,1‐b]quinazolines and 3‐Indolyl‐2(1H)‐pyrazinones Employing a Chemoselective Silver(I)‐ and Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Reaction.
Authors: Vachhani Dipak D. , Mehta Vaibhav P. , Modha Sachin G. , Van Hecke Kristof , Van Meervelt Luc , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: September 2012

The different heterocyclic scaffolds are obtained from the same substrates under microwave‐assisted conditions using AgOTf or AuCl as catalysts, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Enantioselective Construction of a Bridged Azatricyclic Framework via Domino Semipinacol—Schmidt Reaction.
Authors: Puppala Manohar , Murali Annamalai , Baskaran Sundarababu
Published: September 2012

If an enantiomerically enriched compound (I) is used as starting material, the reaction proceeds with preservation of the stereochemical information.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Novel Macrocyclic 2‐Amino‐6‐arylpyrimidine Hsp90 Inhibitors.
Authors: Suda Atsushi , et al. et al.
Published: September 2012

Among a variety of novel macrocyclic compounds, derivative (I) shows high binding affinity for N‐terminal heat shock protein (Hsp90) and strong anti‐proliferative activity against human cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel One‐Pot Synthesis of Spiro[indoline‐3,4′‐pyrazolo[3,4‐e][1,4]thiazepine]diones Using Recyclable Bioglycerol‐Based Sulfonic Acid Functionalized Carbon Catalyst.
Authors: Karnakar K. , Murthy S. Narayana , Ramesh K. , Reddy K. Harsha Vardhan , Nageswar Y. V. D. , Chandrakala U. , Devi B. L. A. Prabhavathi , Prasad R. B. N.
Published: September 2012

The simple protocol allows the rapid access to biologically important scaffolds such as (IV) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Alkenylboronic Esters.
Authors: Ganic Adnan , Pfaltz Andreas
Published: September 2012

The optimized phosphino‐imidazoline iridium complex IMI is found to be highly active and enantioselective for the hydrogenation of terminal vinyl boronic esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Ni‐Catalyzed Construction of C—P Bonds from Electron‐Deficient Phenols via the in situ Aryl C—O Activation by PyBroP.
Authors: Zhao Yu‐Long , Wu Guo‐Jie , Han Fu‐She
Published: September 2012

The new protocol for the construction of C—P bonds in amenable to various phenol derivatives and different types of phosphorus nucleophiles such as phosphine oxides and phosphites.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium(IV) Porphyrin Catalyzed Phosphoramidation of Aldehydes with Phosphoryl Azides as a Nitrene Source.
Authors: Xiao Wenbo , Zhou Cong‐Ying , Che Chi‐Ming
Published: September 2012

The reaction works with alkyl phosphoryl azides as well and can be scaled up.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Optically Active Alkylphosphonates via Rh‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of β‐Substituted α,β‐Unsaturated Phosphonates.
Authors: Duan Zheng‐chao , Wang Lian‐zhi , Song Xin‐jian , Hu Xiang‐ping , Zheng Zhuo
Published: September 2012

A diversity of enantio‐enriched β‐branched phosphonates is obtained by Rh‐catalyzed hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated phosphonates in the presence of chiral Walphos ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: New Myrsinol Diterpenes from Euphorbia prolifera and Their Inhibitory Activities on LPS‐Induced NO Production.
Authors: Xu Jing , Jin Da‐qin , Guo Yuanqiang , Xie Chunfeng , Ma Yonggang , Yamakuni Tohru , Ohizumi Yasushi
Published: September 2012

Euphorbialoids A—J and 2 known analogues are isolated from the roots.
ChemInform Abstract: Trigoxyphins H and I: Two New Daphnane Diterpenoids from Trigonostemon xyphophylloides.
Authors: Yang Biao , Chen Guang‐Ying , Song Xiao‐Ping , Yang Liu‐Qing , Han Chang‐Ri , Wu Xiang‐Yang , Li Xiao‐Man , Zou Bing‐Yan
Published: September 2012

Trigoxyphins H (I) and I (II) are isolated along with 4 known analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: Identification of New Polyprenyl Hydroquinone Derivatives from Tropical Marine Sponge Ircinia sp.
Authors: Lee Hyi‐Seung , Lee Yeon‐Ju , Lee Jong Wook , Shin Hee Jae , Lee Jong Seok , Kim Kil‐Nam , Yoon Weon‐Jong , Heo Soo‐Jin , Kim Hye‐Kyeong
Published: September 2012

isolation and structure elucidation of three new polyprenyl chromenes (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Method for the Functionalization of the 4‐ and 6‐Positions of the Androgen Skeleton.
Authors: Morton Daniel , Dick Allison R. , Ghosh Debashis , Davies Huw M. L.
Published: September 2012

Under dirhodium catalysis R—OH insertion occurs at the carbenoid site of vinyldiazo steroids.
ChemInform Abstract: Organosilicon‐Mediated Regioselective Acetylation of Carbohydrates.
Authors: Zhou Yixuan , Ramstroem Olof , Dong Hai
Published: September 2012

The regioselectivity of the novel and mild title reaction shows the same product pattern as for the traditional organotin‐mediated approaches by using common acylation reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of (‐)‐Linarinic Acid Derivatives as Neuroprotective Agents Against OGD‐Induced Cell Damage.
Authors: Tian Yu , Ma Chao , Feng Linyin , Zhang Lei , Hao Feiyue , Pan Li , Cheng Maosheng
Published: September 2012

Some of the synthesized compounds show moderate to excellent protective potency in the screening for their neuroprotective effects.
ChemInform Abstract: Daphhimalenines C (I) and D (II). New Alkaloids from Daphniphyllum himalense
Authors: Zhang Yu , He Hong‐Ping , Guo Ling‐Li , Li Shi‐Fei , Di Ying‐Tong , Hao Xiao‐Jiang
Published: September 2012

isolation, structure and cytotoxicity
ChemInform Abstract: Barakacin: A Thiazolyl‐indole Alkaloid Isolation from a Ruminal Pseudomonas sp.
Authors: Zendah Imene , Shaaban Khaled A. , Helmke Elisabeth , Maier Armin , Fiebig Heinz H. , Laatsch Hartmut
Published: September 2012

fermentation, isolation, structure elucidation and biological activities of barakacin (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Morita—Baylis—Hillman Chemistry: A Remote Activation Effect in the Diastereoface Selective Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Branched Cyclic Enones from D‐Glucose.
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Ghosal Partha , Das Pintu , Shaw Arun K.
Published: September 2012

Highly diastereoselective C‐2 alkylation of sugar‐derived cyclic enone (I) with aromatic aldehydes is smoothly achieved in the presence of the Lewis acid diethylaluminum iodide to give a variety of gabosine analogues (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibitory Effects of Polyphenols Toward HCV from the Mangrove Plant Excoecaria agallocha L.
Authors: Li Yongxin , Yu Shanjiang , Liu Dong , Proksch Peter , Lin Wenhan
Published: September 2012

isolation, structure elucidation and anti‐HCV activity of excoecariphenols A (Ia), B (Ib), C (II), and D (III)
ChemInform Abstract: Xanthones from Polygala karensium Inhibit Neuraminidases from Influenza A Viruses.
Authors: Dao Trong Tuan , Dang Thai Trung , Nguyen Phi Hung , Kim Eunhee , Thuong Phuong Thien , Oh Won Keun
Published: September 2012

Ten xanthone derivatives (I) are isolated by bioassay‐guided fractionation from an Et‐O‐Ac soluble extract of the title species.
ChemInform Abstract: Current Status and Recent Topics of Rare‐Earth Permanent Magnets
Authors: Sugimoto S.
Published: September 2012

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Krylova Galyna , Bodnarchuk Maryna I. , Tromsdorf Ulrich I. , Shevchenko Elena V. , Talapin Dmitri V. , Weller Horst
Published: September 2012

Review: 301 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Molecular Perspective of Water at Metal Interfaces
Authors: Carrasco Javier , Hodgson Andrew , Michaelides Angelos
Published: September 2012

Review: 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioinspired Ion Recognition in Hexanuclear Copper Pyrazolate Metallacycles
Authors: Galassi Rossana , Burini Alfredo , Mohamed Ahmed A.
Published: September 2012

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Anion Recognition and Sensing with Zn(II)—Dipicolylamine Complexes
Authors: Ngo Huy Tien , Liu Xuejian , Jolliffe Katrina A.
Published: September 2012

Review: 143 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Pyridinium N‐Ylides and Their Related Pyridinium Salts
Authors: Kakehi Akikazu
Published: September 2012

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid/Water Mixtures: From Hostility to Conciliation
Authors: Kohno Yuki , Ohno Hiroyuki
Published: September 2012

Review: 175 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Challenges in C—C Bond Formation Through Direct Transformations of sp2 C—H Bonds.
Authors: Yu Da‐Gang , Li Bi‐Jie , Shi Zhang‐Jie
Published: September 2012

Review: ca. 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel/Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Carbocyanation of Unsaturated Compounds
Authors: Nakao Yoshiaki
Published: September 2012

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Copper‐Catalyzed C—C Coupling Reactions and Related Domino Reactions Based on Active Methylene Compounds.
Authors: Liu Yunyun , Wan Jie‐Ping
Published: September 2012

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Amide‐Directed Tandem C—C/C—N Bond Formation Through C—H Activation.
Authors: Zhu Chen , Wang Rui , Falck John R.
Published: September 2012

Review: ca. 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: NHCs in Asymmetric Organocatalysis: Recent Advances in Azolium Enolate Generation and Reactivity
Authors: Douglas James , Churchill Gwydion , Smith Andrew D.
Published: September 2012

Review: ca. 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of the in situ Propargyl—Allenyl Isomerization in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Xing Yanpeng , Wei Yuxiu , Zhou Hongwei
Published: September 2012

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Asymmetric Organocatalytic Conjugate Addition of Arenes and Hetero‐arenes
Authors: Chauhan Pankaj , Chimni Swapandeep Singh
Published: September 2012

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Reductive Transformations of Carboxylic and Carbonic Acid Derivatives Using Molecular Hydrogen
Authors: Dub Pavel A. , Ikariya Takao
Published: September 2012

Review: 227 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Synthetic Methods Using Copper Oxygen Chemistry
Authors: Kozlowski Marisa C.
Published: September 2012

Review: 249 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Catalysts with Unsymmetrical N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands
Authors: Tornatzky Johanna , Kannenberg Axel , Blechert Siegfried
Published: September 2012

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of α‐Aminophosphonic Acid Analogues of the 20 Proteinogenic α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Ordonez Mario , Viveros‐Ceballos Jose Luis , Cativiela Carlos , Arizpe Alicia
Published: September 2012

Review: 245 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Environmentally Friendly Approaches to the Synthesis of New Antibiotics from Sugars
Authors: Xavier Nuno M. , Rauter Amelia P.
Published: September 2012

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The I2/Et3SiH System: A Versatile Combination with Multiple Applications in Carbohydrate Chemistry
Authors: Adinolfi Matteo , Iadonisi Alfonso , Pastore Antonello , Valerio Silvia
Published: September 2012

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Construction of 1,1‐α,α‐Glycosidic Bonds
Authors: Chaube Manishkumar A. , Kulkarni Suvarn S.
Published: September 2012

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Main Group Chemistry Breaking the Limits with Silylenes
Authors: Driess Matthias
Published: September 2012

Review: 10 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Synthesis of Silanols from Hydrosilanes and Applications
Authors: Jeon Mina , Han Junghoon , Park Jaiwook
Published: September 2012

Review: 117 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis by Supported Gold Nanoparticles: Beyond Aerobic Oxidative Processes
Authors: Stratakis Manolis , Garcia Hermenegildo
Published: September 2012

Review: 430 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Reactions (MCRs) as a Green Approach Towards the Synthesis of Xanthene Derivatives, an Important Heterocyclic Nucleus of Various Dyes and Drugs.
Authors: Nazeruddin G. M. , Shaikh A. A. , Shaikh Y. I.
Published: September 2012

Review: 18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Collective Phenomena in the LiHoxY1‐xF4 Quantum Ising Magnet: Recent Progress and Open Questions
Authors: Gingras Michel J. P. , Henelius Patrik
Published: September 2012

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Jahn‐Teller Effect in Molecular Magnetism: An Overview
Authors: Tsukerblat Boris , Klokishner Sophia , Palii Andrew
Published: September 2012

Review: 239 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploiting Duality in Nature: Industrial Examples of Enzymatic Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
Authors: Robins K. , Osorio‐Lozada A.
Published: September 2012

Review: 33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Graphene and Its Derivatives: Switching ON and OFF
Authors: Chen Yu , Zhang Bin , Liu Gang , Zhuang Xiaodong , Kang En‐Tang
Published: September 2012

Review: 221 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Excitation Energy Transfer in Multiporphyrin Arrays with Cyclic Architectures: Towards Artificial Light‐Harvesting Antenna Complexes
Authors: Yang Jaesung , Yoon Min‐Chul , Yoo Hyejin , Kim Pyosang , Kim Dongho
Published: September 2012

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aqueous Biphasic Systems: A Boost Brought about by Using Ionic Liquids
Authors: Freire Mara G. , Claudio Ana Filipa M. , Araujo Joao M. M. , Coutinho Joao A. P. , Marrucho Isabel M. , Lopes Jose N. Canongia , Rebelo Luis Paulo N.
Published: September 2012

Review: 123 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Heparan Sulfate and Heparin
Authors: Zhou Xianxuan , O'Leary Timothy R. , Xu Yongmei , Sheng Juzheng , Liu Jian
Published: September 2012

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Anticancer Agents that Counteract Tumor Glycolysis
Authors: Granchi Carlotta , Minutolo Filippo
Published: September 2012

Review: ca. 500 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rieske Iron—Sulfur Protein of the Cytochrome bc1 Complex: A Potential Target for Fungicide Discovery
Authors: Yang Wen‐Chao , Li Hui , Wang Fu , Zhu Xiao‐Lei , Yang Guang‐Fu
Published: September 2012

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chitosan Bio‐Based Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Aerogel Microspheres.
Authors: El Kadib Abdelkrim , Bousmina Mosto
Published: September 2012

Review: about 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Estimating Molecular Diffusivities in Environmental Media
Authors: Birdwell Justin E. , Marrero Thomas R.
Published: September 2012

Review: 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Mechanochemistry in the Synthesis and Discovery of New Pharmaceutical Forms: Co‐crystals, Salts and Coordination Compounds
Authors: Friscic Tomislav , Jones William
Published: September 2012

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ex situ Bioremediation of Contaminated Soils: From Biopiles to Slurry‐Phase Bioreactors
Authors: Kalogerakis Nicolas
Published: September 2012

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: High Hopes: Can Molecular Electronics Realise Its Potential?
Authors: Coskun Ali , Spruell Jason M. , Barin Gokhan , Dichtel William R. , Flood Amar H. , Botros Youssry Y. , Stoddart J. Fraser
Published: September 2012

Review: 257 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Impact of Helix Irregularities on Sequence Alignment and Homology Modeling of G Protein‐Coupled Receptors
Authors: Gonzalez Angel , Cordomi Arnau , Caltabiano Gianluigi , Pardo Leonardo
Published: September 2012

Review: about 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy Using Polyproteins
Authors: Hoffmann Toni , Dougan Lorna
Published: September 2012

Review: 100 refs.
Microbial Quality in Coastal Waters of Dardanelles in Relation to the Pollution Sources and Transport Pathways
Authors: Turkmen Cafer , Ayyildiz Onder , Akbulut Mehmet , Kaya Hasan
Published: September 2012

The coastal water quality of Çanakkale Dardanelles (Turkey) was assessed based on bacteriological data and physical–chemical parameters. Total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), and enterococci (ENT) bacteria along with physicochemical parameters were measured monthly up to a year at 12 different sampling sites located through both coastal lines of the strait. The fecal bacteria were abounded at several sampling sites such as B1, B3, G3, and G4 due to direct wastewater discharges and septic leakages or overloading. Storm water runoff and sediment resuspension were important pathways for the transport of coliform and ENT bacteria to the Dardanelles, as the region receives high precipitation and strong winds for most part of the year. The values of pH, temperature, and salinity were in typical ranges for the studied area. The microbiological and physicochemical data were correlated individually and in combination. The best fit correlations for bacterial data were attained between TC and FC or TC and ENT (R = 0.67 or −0.68), while those for the combined data were obtained for TC with temperature (R = 0.94) and TC with salinity (R = − 0.70).
Noncontact intraocular pressure reading prediction after Laser‐assisted in situ Keratomileusis by the finite element method
Authors: Ou Chung‐Jen , Sun Han‐Yin
Published: September 2012

The finite element method with linear elastic assumption for predicting the intraocular pressure (IOP) readings after reshaping of the corneal structure is demonstrated in the present study. Twelve effective eye measurements in seven subjects were examined using the TOPCON LX‐10, a noncontact intraocular pressure measurement technique, before and after laser‐assisted in situ Keratomileusis surgery. A linear elastic model was introduced to reduce possible errors from a complicated anisotropic model with uncertain tissue parameters. Linear relationship between the simplified removal depth of laser‐assisted in situ Keratomileusis and predicted IOP was expected, and the comparisons between measurements and the predicted model were made. The results indicated that the expected IOP readings are close to the measurement IOP values, while larger errors occur at smaller IOP conditions. In conclusion, the linear elastic finite element approach can already reveal parameters that influence measurement data the most, and the interaction between parameters was higher than we had expected. This helps us to build the confidence on implementing the anisotropic model.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed computing practice for large‐scale science and engineering applications
Authors: Jha Shantenu , Cole Murray , Katz Daniel S. , Parashar Manish , Rana Omer , Weissman Jon
Published: September 2012

It is generally accepted that the ability to develop large‐scale distributed applications has lagged seriously behind other developments in cyberinfrastructure. In this paper, we provide insight into how such applications have been developed and an understanding of why developing applications for distributed infrastructure is hard. Our approach is unique in the sense that it is centered around half a dozen existing scientific applications; we posit that these scientific applications are representative of the characteristics, requirements, as well as the challenges of the bulk of current distributed applications on production cyberinfrastructure (such as the US TeraGrid). We provide a novel and comprehensive analysis of such distributed scientific applications. Specifically, we survey existing models and methods for large‐scale distributed applications and identify commonalities, recurring structures, patterns and abstractions. We find that there are many ad hoc solutions employed to develop and execute distributed applications, which result in a lack of generality and the inability of distributed applications to be extensible and independent of infrastructure details. In our analysis, we introduce the notion of application vectors: a novel way of understanding the structure of distributed applications. Important contributions of this paper include identifying patterns that are derived from a wide range of real distributed applications, as well as an integrated approach to analyzing applications, programming systems and patterns, resulting in the ability to provide a critical assessment of the current practice of developing, deploying and executing distributed applications. Gaps and omissions in the state of the art are identified, and directions for future research are outlined. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphine exposure induces age‐dependent alterations in pentylenetetrazole‐induced epileptic behaviors in prepubertal rats
Authors: Gholami Morteza , Saboory Ehsan
Published: September 2012

Opioids show both pro‐ and anti‐epileptogenic effects in different experimental models of epilepsy. In the present study, the pentylentetrazole (PTZ)‐induced seizure model was used to test the hypothesis that neonatal morphine administration affects seizure susceptibility in prepubertal rats. Female rats were subcutaneously injected with either morphine or saline on postnatal days 8–14 (P8–P14). To verify the long‐term effect of morphine (or saline), the animals were treated second time with morphine (21 mg/kg; or saline) on either P25 or P32. Morphine administration decreased latency of myoclonic jerks and time to onset and increased tonic–clonic seizure rate at P25, but these findings were inversed at P32. Results showed a significant age difference in seizure behaviors between P25 and P32 animals. Blood corticosterone (COS) levels were significantly higher in P32 rats than in P25 rats. These findings show that neonatal morphine exposure plays an important role in increasing seizure vulnerability in P25 prepubertal rats but not in P32 rats. We conclude that early exposure to chronic morphine in infant rats might change their susceptibility to PTZ‐induced seizure in an age‐dependent manner. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 881–887, 2013.
The comparator model of infant visual habituation and dishabituation: Recent insights
Authors: Kavšek Michael
Published: September 2012

Current knowledge of the perceptual and cognitive abilities in infancy is largely based on the visual habituation–dishabituation method. According to the comparator model [e.g., Sokolov (1963a) Perception and the conditioned reflex. Oxford: Pergamon Press], habituation refers to stimulus encoding and dishabituation refers to discriminatory memory performance. The review also describes the dual‐process theory and the attention disengagement approach. The dual‐process theory points to the impact of natural stimulus preferences on habituation–dishabituation processes. The attention disengagement approach emphasizes the contribution of the ability to shift the attention away from a stimulus. Moreover, arguments for the cognitive interpretation of visual habituation and dishabituations are discussed. These arguments are provided by physiological studies and by research on interindividual differences. Overall, the review shows that current research supports the comparator model. It emphasizes that the investigation of habituation and dishabituation expands our understanding of visual attention processes in infants. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 793–808, 2013.
Global remote sensing of water–chlorophyll ratio in terrestrial plant leaves
Authors: Kushida Keiji
Published: September 2012

I evaluated the use of global remote sensing techniques for estimating plant leaf chlorophyll a + b (Cab; μg cm−2) and water (Cw; mg cm−2) concentrations as well as the ratio of Cw/Cab with the PROSAIL model under possible distributions for leaf and soil spectra, leaf area index (LAI), canopy geometric structure, and leaf size. First, I estimated LAI from the normalized difference vegetation index. I found that, at LAI values <2, Cab, Cw, and Cw/Cab could not be reliably estimated. At LAI values >2, Cab and Cw could be estimated for only restricted ranges of the canopy structure; however, the ratio of Cw/Cab could be reliably estimated for a variety of possible canopy structures with coefficients of determination (R2) ranging from 0.56 to 0.90. The remote estimation of the Cw/Cab ratio from satellites offers information on plant condition at a global scale.
Stressful environments induce novel phenotypic variation: hierarchical reaction norms for sperm performance of a pervasive invader
Authors: Purchase Craig F. , Moreau Darek T. R.
Published: September 2012

Genetic variation for phenotypic plasticity is ubiquitous and important. However, the scale of such variation including the relative variability present in reaction norms among different hierarchies of biological organization (e.g., individuals, populations, and closely related species) is unknown. Complicating interpretation is a trade‐off in environmental scale. As plasticity can only be inferred over the range of environments tested, experiments focusing on fine tuned responses to normal or benign conditions may miss cryptic phenotypic variation expressed under novel or stressful environments. Here, we sought to discern the presence and shape of plasticity in the performance of brown trout sperm as a function of optimal to extremely stressful river pH, and demarcate if the reaction norm varies among genotypes. Our overarching goal was to determine if deteriorating environmental quality increases expressed variation among individuals. A more applied aim was to ascertain whether maintaining sperm performance over a wide pH range could help explain how brown trout are able to invade diverse river systems when transplanted outside of their native range. Individuals differed in their reaction norms of phenotypic expression of an important trait in response to environmental change. Cryptic variation was revealed under stressful conditions, evidenced through increasing among‐individual variability. Importantly, data on population averages masked this variability in plasticity. In addition, canalized reaction norms in sperm swimming velocities of many individuals over a very large range in water chemistry may help explain why brown trout are able to colonize a wide variety of habitats.
A mate to die for? A model of conditional monogyny in cannibalistic spiders
Authors: Fromhage Lutz , Schneider Jutta M.
Published: September 2012

Monogynous males in various species actively limit themselves to mating with a single female in their lifetime. Whereas previous models have considered monogyny as an obligate mating strategy, here we explore the potential of monogyny to evolve as a context‐specific (conditional) behavior. Using a state‐dependent dynamic game model based on the biology of the cannibalistic spider Argiope bruennichi, we confirm that conditional monogyny can evolve under broad conditions, including an even sex ratio. We predict that males should make a terminal investment when mating with large, virgin females, especially if population density is low and the encounter occurs late in the season. We encourage empirical tests for the existence of conditional monogyny in all species where monogyny occurs in the absence of strict morphological constraints that would make it obligatory.
Challenges to the Legitimacy of Private Forest Governance – the Development of Forest Certification in Sweden
Authors: Johansson Johanna
Published: September 2012

Substantial scholarly attention has been given to the effectiveness and legitimacy of private forest governance, especially the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). Research has suggested that such cooperation between forest corporations and ENGOs may develop shared norms for responsible forestry. At least initially, however, conflicts are likely to occur since these stakeholders are accountable to different constituencies.Yet there are comparatively few studies on how such conflicts have affected the development and legitimacy of forest certification on the national level, which is where conflicts must be managed. This study explores how stakeholders' search for accountability has influenced the legitimacy of forest certification schemes, drawing on developments in Sweden. The study relies on the theoretical foundations of governance, legitimacy and accountability, and on reports from forest corporations and ENGOs. The results show that these stakeholders have continuously disagreed on the input and output legitimacy of forest certification, though the positions have changed over time, eventually making ENGOs reject forest certification schemes. These repeated conflicts have been fuelled by the stakeholders' search for public reputational accountability and market accountability. In effect, the very meaning of the FSC label is today being questioned. Thereby forest certification in Sweden has, at least temporarily, left the suggested path to the evolution of shared norms. These results call for related studies on how to manage accountability issues and power relations in forest certification. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Biaryl Cyclic Peptides Containing a 3‐Aryltyrosine
Authors: Afonso Ana , Cussó Olaf , Feliu Lidia , Planas Marta
Published: September 2012

A concise and efficient solid‐phase synthesis of biaryl cyclic peptides containing a Phe–Tyr or a Tyr–Tyr linkage has been accomplished. The key steps include a Miyaura borylation of a resin‐bound 3‐iodotyrosine and a microwave‐assisted Suzuki–Miyaura reaction for the formation of the macrocycle. First, the feasibility of the solid‐phase Miyaura borylation of a 3‐iodotyrosyltripeptide was established. Then, the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction was applied to the cross‐coupling of linear 3‐boronotyrosine‐containing peptidyl resins with iodobenzene and with halogenated aromatic amino acids. Finally, this methodology was extended to the synthesis of biaryl cyclic peptides through the preparation of a linear peptidyl resin containing both the required boronate and halogenated derivatives, followed by a microwave‐assisted Suzuki–Miyaura macrocyclization.
Asymmetric Michael Addition Induced by the Anion of an Imidazolium Salt
Authors: Gauchot Vincent , Gravel Julien , Schmitzer Andreea R.
Published: September 2012

We describe the application of a chiral catalytic imidazolium salt derived from trans‐L‐hydroxyproline, the anion being the catalytic entity, as a catalyst for the asymmetric Michael addition. We report the first example of a catalytic Michael addition using this type of catalyst, leading to excellent yields (up to 99 %) and good selectivities (up to 99:1 dr, up to 82 % ee).
Seismic response of steel structures with seesaw systems using viscoelastic dampers
Authors: Kang Jae‐Do , Tagawa Hiroshi
Published: September 2012

Vibration control systems are being used increasingly worldwide to provide enhanced seismic protection for new and retrofitted buildings. This paper presents a new vibration control system on the basis of a seesaw mechanism with viscoelastic dampers. The proposed vibration control system comprises three parts: brace, seesaw member, and viscoelastic dampers. In this system, only tensile force appears in bracing members. Consequently, the brace buckling problem is negligible, which enables the use of steel rods for bracing members. By introducing pre‐tension in rods, long steel rods are applicable as bracing between the seesaw members and the moment frame connections over some stories. Seesaw mechanisms can magnify the damper deformation according to the damper system configuration. In this paper, first, the magnification factor, that is, the ratio of the damper deformation to the story drift, is delivered, which includes the rod deformation. Results of a case study demonstrate that the magnification factor of the proposed system is greater than unity for some cases. Seismic response analysis is conducted for steel moment frames with the proposed vibration control system. Energy dissipation characteristics are examined using the time‐history response results of energy. The maximum story drift angle distributions and time‐history response results of displacement show that the proposed system can reduce the seismic response of the frames effectively. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seismic response evaluation of the linked column frame system
Authors: Malakoutian Mohammad , Berman Jeffrey W. , Dusicka Peter
Published: September 2012

The linked column frame (LCF) system is proposed as a seismic load resisting system that uses conventional components to limit seismic damage to relatively easily replaced elements. The LCF features a primary lateral system, denoted the linked column, which is made up of dual columns connected with replaceable links, and a secondary flexible moment frame system with beams having fully restrained connections at one end and simple connections at the other. The linked columns are designed to limit seismic forces and provide energy dissipation via link yielding, while preventing damage to the moment frame under certain earthquake hazard levels. A design procedure is proposed that ensures plastic hinges develop in the links of the linked columns at a significantly lower story drift than when plastic hinges develop in the moment frame beams. The large drift difference helps enable design of this system for two distinct performance states: rapid return to occupancy, where only link damage occurs and relatively simple link replacement is possible, and collapse prevention, where both the links and the beams of the moment frame may be damaged. A series of 3‐story, 6‐story, and 9‐story prototype LCF buildings were designed using the proposed design approach. Nonlinear models were developed for the designs with the link models validated using recent experimental results. The seismic response of these systems was investigated for ground motions representing various seismic hazard levels. Results show that the LCF system not only provides collapse prevention, but also has the capability of limiting economic loss by reducing structural damage and allowing for rapid return to occupancy following earthquakes with shorter return periods. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An introduction to context and its role in evaluation practice
Authors: Fitzpatrick Jody L.
Published: September 2012

Evaluators have written about the need to consider context in conducting evaluations, but most such admonitions are broad. Context is not developed fully. This chapter reviews the evaluation literature on context and discusses the two areas in which context has been more carefully considered by evaluators: the culture of program participants when their culture is different from the predominant one and the cultural norms of program participants in countries outside the West. We have learned much about how the culture of participants or communities can affect evaluation and should continue our learning there. Evaluators also need to expand their consideration of context to consider the program itself and its setting and the political norms of audiences, decision makers, and other stakeholders of the program. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
The social context of water quality improvement evaluation
Authors: Thurston Linda P. , Smith Christa A. , Genskow Kenneth , Stalker Prokopy Linda , Hargrove William L.
Published: September 2012

The complexity of physical and social contexts for water resource management presents considerable problems for designing, implementing, and evaluating interventions for water quality and quantity problems. Water resource management is increasingly being conducted on a watershed scale, where watersheds are areas of land that drain into the same water body. Deborah Rog's model of context‐sensitive evaluation provides a framework for understanding and addressing the complexity of watersheds and watershed management, restoration, and protection. This chapter discusses the problems inherent in evaluating watershed projects. It presents three overarching considerations for evaluating these types of projects: diversity of stakeholder groups, complexity of identifying and measuring outcomes, and evaluation ethos. Finally, the chapter stresses the need for specifically evaluating the social dimensions of watershed projects and provides an example of a water quality evaluation that addresses regional social indicators. Rog's five areas of context are described in this example. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
A first step forward: Context assessment
Authors: Conner Ross F. , Fitzpatrick Jody L. , Rog Debra J.
Published: September 2012

In this chapter, we revisit and expand the context framework of Debra Rog, informed by three cases and by new aspects that we have identified. We then propose a way to move the framework into action, making context explicit. Based on the framework's components, we describe and illustrate a process we label context assessment (CA), which provides a means of identifying important contextrelated factors and integrating the implications of these within the three main stages of evaluation. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Experimental study on tire fire penetration into a motorcoach passenger compartment
Authors: Johnsson Erik , Yang Jiann C.
Published: September 2012

Two full‐scale fire experiments were conducted to determine the mode of penetration of a tire fire into the passenger compartment of a motorcoach. A special burner was designed to imitate the frictional heating of hub and wheel metal caused by failed axle bearings, locked brakes, or dragged blown tires. For the first experiment, heating to obtain tire ignition was initiated on the exterior of the passenger side tag axle wheel and for the second, on the exterior of the passenger side drive axle wheel. Measurements of interior and exterior temperatures, interior heat flux, and heat release rate were performed. Standard and infrared videos and still photographs were recorded. Both experiments showed that the tire fires ignited the plastic fender and glass‐reinforced plastic exterior side panel (below the windows) upon which the fires spread quickly and penetrated the passenger compartment by breaking the windows. Measurements showed that other potential fire penetration routes (flooring and lavatory) lagged far behind the windows in heating and degradation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volatile constituents of the fruit of Garcinia atroviridis and their antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory activities
Authors: Tan Wen‐Nee , Wong Keng‐Chong , Khairuddean Melati , Eldeen Ibrahim M. , Asmawi Mohd. Zaini , Sulaiman Baharuddin
Published: September 2012

The volatile constituents obtained by hydrodistillation of the fruit of Garcinia atroviridis were analysed by capillary GC and GC‐MS. Fifty‐six compounds representing 94.3% of the isolate were identified, among which sesquiterpenoids dominated. The most abundant components were (−)‐β‐caryophyllene (23.8%), β‐caryophyllene alcohol (15.6%) and α‐humulene (10.7%). The total volatiles and three of the constituents were assayed for antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory activities using the micro‐dilution assay and a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor screening assay kit, respectively. The total volatiles and the three compounds showed stronger activity against Gram‐positive bacteria compared to the Gram‐negative bacteria tested. Regarding anti‐inflammatory activity, the samples tested showed selective inhibitory activity against COX‐2 compared to their activity against COX‐1. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A collocated grid, projection method for time‐accurate calculation of low‐Mach number variable density flows in general curvilinear coordinates
Authors: Kooshkbaghi Mahdi , Lessani Bamdad
Published: September 2012

A time‐accurate algorithm is proposed for low‐Mach number, variable density flows on curvilinear grids. Spatial discretization is performed on collocated grid that offers computational simplicity in curvilinear coordinates. The flux interpolation technique is used to avoid the pressure odd–even decoupling of the collocated grid arrangement. To increase the stability of the method, a two‐step predictor–corrector time integration scheme is employed. At each step, the projection method is used to calculate the hydrodynamic pressure and to satisfy the continuity equation. The robustness and accuracy of the method is illustrated with a series of numerical experiments including thermally driven cavity, polar cavity, three‐dimensional cavity, and direct numerical simulation of non‐isothermal turbulent channel flow. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minocycline and fluorocitrate suppress spinal nociceptive signaling in intrathecal IL‐1β–induced thermal hyperalgesic rats
Authors: Sung Chun‐Sung , Cherng Chen‐Hwan , Wen Zhi‐Hong , Chang Wen‐Kuei , Huang Shi‐Ying , Lin Shinn‐Long , Chan Kwok‐Hon , Wong Chih‐Shung
Published: September 2012

We previously demonstrated that intrathecal IL‐1β caused thermal hyperalgesia in rats. This study was conducted to examine the effects and cellular mechanisms of glial inhibitors on IL‐1β–induced nociception in rats. The effects of minocycline (20 μg), fluorocitrate (1 nmol), and SB203580 (5 μg) on IL‐1β (100 ng) treatment in rats were measured by nociceptive behaviors, western blotting of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, cerebrospinal fluid nitric oxide (NO) levels, and immunohistochemical analyses. The results demonstrated that intrathecal IL‐1β activated microglia and astrocytes, but not neurons, in the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord, as evidenced by morphological changes and increased immunoreactivity, phosphorylated p38 (P‐p38) MAPK, and iNOS expression; the activation of microglia and astrocytes peaked at 30 min and lasted for 6 h. The immunoreactivities of microglia and astrocytes were significantly increased at 30 min (6.6‐ and 2.7‐fold, respectively) and 6 h (3.3‐ and 4.0‐fold, respectively) following IL‐1β injection, as compared with saline controls at 30 min (all P < 0.01). IL‐1β induced P‐p38 MAPK and iNOS expression predominantly in microglia and less in astrocytes. Minocycline, fluorocitrate, or SB203580 pretreatment suppressed this IL‐1β–upregulated P‐p38 MAPK mainly in microglia and iNOS mainly in astrocytes; minocycline exhibited the most potent effect. Minocycline and fluorocitrate pretreatment abrogated IL‐1β–induced NO release and thermal hyperalgesia in rats. In conclusion, minocycline, fluorocitrate, and SB203580 effectively suppressed the IL‐1β–induced central sensitization and hyperalgesia in rats. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neck and shoulder function in patients treated for oral malignancies: A 1‐year prospective cohort study
Authors: Speksnijder Caroline M. , van der Bilt Andries , Slappendel Margot , de Wijer Anton , Merkx Matthias A.W. , Koole Ron
Published: September 2012

Background

Neck and shoulder complaints can be a direct result of a neck dissection.

Methods

Maximal active lateral flexion of the neck, forward flexion and abduction of the shoulder, and self‐perceived function were determined in 145 patients treated for oral cancer.

Results

No short‐term influence of radiotherapy was found on measured range of motion and self‐perceived neck and shoulder function (p > .05). One year after a bilateral neck dissection, patients showed deteriorated lateral flexion of the neck, whereas patients treated with a unilateral modified radical neck dissection still reported pain during neck movements. Maximal forward flexion of the shoulder recovered to the level of healthy controls, but maximal abduction was still reduced in all patients.

Conclusions

Neck dissection, tumor site, and extensive reconstruction are related to deterioration of shoulder function shortly after intervention. Maximal active shoulder abduction was affected most. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Laryngeal leishmaniasis: Case report of a rare infection
Authors: Teemul Trevor A. , Giles‐Lima Montserrat , Williams John , Lester Shane E.
Published: September 2012

Background

We report a case of laryngeal leishmaniasis in a United Kingdom (UK) resident who lived in Spain for 5 years.

Methods and Results

The patient presented with a history of hoarseness. He had returned to the UK after spending 5 years in Spain as a retiree. His past medical history includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Histology of a vocal cord biopsy was suggestive of leishmaniasis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was positive for Leishmania donovani. His use of steroid inhaler probably contributed to his acquiring this extremely unusual infection. He was successfully treated with intravenous amphotericin.

Conclusions

Laryngeal leishmaniasis is an extremely rare infection and is rarely reported in the UK. The ease of travel ensures that many tropical infections may present to UK clinicians. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013