bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on plasma vertical displacement calculation based on neural network
Authors: Song H.H. , Shen B. , Yuan Q.P. , Guo B.H. , Wang Y.H. , Chen D.L. , Zhang R.R. , Xiao B.J.
Published: January 2023

Plasma vertical displacement control is essential for the stable operation of tokamak devices. The traditional plasma vertical displacement calculation method is not suitable for balancing speed and accuracy simultaneously, which is necessary for real-time feedback control. In this study, neural networks are used to rapidly detect vertical displacement recognition. Based on a fully connected neural network, the vertical displacement calculation model is trained and tested using magnetic data of approximately 2000 shots. To compare the effects of different inputs on vertical displacement calculation, different magnetic measurement diagnostic signals are used to train and test the model. Compared with a full magnetic measurement dataset, 39 magnetic measurement signals (38 magnetic probes and plasma current) show better accuracy with mean square error <0.0005. The model is tested using historical experimental data, and it demonstrates accurate vertical displacement calculation even in the case of a vertical displacement event. In general, neural network algorithm has great application potential in vertical displacement calculation.
Sheath formation time for spherical Langmuir probes
Authors: Kjølerbakken Kai Morgan , Miloch Wojciech J. , Røed Ketil
Published: January 2023

The formation time of the surrounding sheath of Langmuir probes in an ionospheric plasma has been studied to better understand the constraints this puts on the sampling frequency of a probe. A fully kinetic three-dimensional particle-in-cell model is used to simulate the temporal effects in the electron saturation region as the sheath forms. The stability of the probe current and the stability of the ion and electron density in the vicinity of the probe have been used to evaluate when the sheath was formed. Simulated results were compared with theoretical models and are in good agreement with the theoretical results. This shows that theoretical models can be used as guidance to estimate the formation time and to determine the sampling rate for a swept bias Langmuir system. Our results also show that the formation time is less affected by the plasma temperature and bias voltage as we move into the thick sheath regime, and will instead be determined by the plasma density. The presented results also show that applying a step function to the probe could be used to characterise ions species composition, or to estimate the ion density.
Hybrid simulations of m/n = 1/1 instability driven by energetic counter-passing particles in tokamak plasmas
Authors: Yang Jixing , Fu Guoyong , Shen Wei , Ye MinYou
Published: January 2023

A systematic simulation study of the

$n/m=1/1$

instability driven by energetic counter-passing particles in tokamak plasmas has been carried out using the kinetic-MHD (Magnetohydrodynamics) hybrid code M3D-K. The safety factor's radial profile is monotonically increasing with central value

$q_0$

less than unity. The linear simulation results show that the instability is either a

$m/n=1/1$

energetic particle mode or a

$m/n=1/1$

global Alfvén eigenmode depending on the value of the central safety factor. The mode frequencies are close to the tip of Alfvén continuum spectrum at the magnetic axis. The excited modes are radially localized near the magnetic axis well within the safety factor

$q=1$

surface. The main wave particle resonance is found to be

$\omega _\phi +2\omega _\theta =\omega$

, where ω is the mode frequency. The nonlinear simulation results show that there is a long period of quasi-steady-state saturation phase with frequency chirping up after initial saturation. Correspondingly, the energetic particle distribution with low energies is flattened in the core of the plasma. After this quasi-steady phase, the mode amplitude grows again and frequency jumps down to a low value corresponding to a new mode similar to the energetic co-passing particle-driven low-frequency fishbone while the energetic particle distribution is flattened for higher energies in the core of plasma.
A model-based economic analysis of the CFHealthHub intervention to support adherence to inhaled medications for people with cystic fibrosis in the UK
Authors: Tappenden Paul , Navega Biz Aline , Hernández Alava Mónica , Sasso Alessandro , Sutton Laura , Ennis Kate , Elliott Rachel , Wildman Martin
Published: January 2023

Background

Adherence to preventative inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) is low, resulting in potentially avoidable health losses and the need for costly rescue therapies.

Objectives

To estimate the cost-effectiveness of the CFHealthHub (CFHH) intervention to support adherence to inhaled medications.

Methods

A state transition model was developed to assess the cost-effectiveness of the CFHH intervention versus usual care from the perspective of the UK National Health Service and Personal Social Services over a lifetime horizon. Costs and health outcomes were discounted at a rate of 3.5 percent per annum. Costs were valued at 2021/22 prices. The model structure includes health states defined by survival status, level of lung function, and transplant history. Treatment effects were modeled by changing the probabilities of transitioning between lung function states and reducing exacerbation rates. Model parameters were informed by the CFHH trial, CF Registry data, routine cost databases, literature, and expert opinion. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were undertaken to assess uncertainty.

Results

The CFHH intervention is expected to generate additional health gains and cost savings compared with usual care. Assuming that it is delivered for 10 years, the CFHH intervention is expected to generate 0.17 additional quality-adjusted life years and cost savings of GBP 1,600 (EUR 1,662) per patient.

Conclusions

The CFHH intervention is expected to dominate usual care, irrespective of the duration over which the intervention is delivered. The modeled benefits and cost savings are smaller than initially expected and are sensitive to relative treatment effects on lung function.
Ready meals, especially those that are animal-based and cooked in an oven, have lower nutritional quality and higher greenhouse gas emissions and are more expensive than equivalent home-cooked meals
Authors: Aceves-Martins Magaly , Denton Philippa , de Roos Baukje
Published: January 2023

Objective:

To examine whether ready meals and equivalent home-cooked meals differ in nutritional quality indicators, greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and cost.

Design:

We performed a cross-sectional analysis of meal data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) nutrient databank (2018/19). Additional data on nutrient composition, cost and cooking-related GHGE were calculated and compared between fifty-four ready meals and equivalent home-cooked meals.

Setting:

The UK.

Participants:

Not applicable.

Results:

Ready meals, overall and those that were animal-based, had significantly higher levels of free sugar compared with equivalent home-cooked meals (P < 0·0001 and P < 0·0004, respectively). Animal-based ready meals had significantly higher levels of GHGE (P < 0·001), whereas the cost of ready meals, overall, was significantly higher (P < 0·001), compared with equivalent home-cooked meals. Animal-based meals, whether ready meals or equivalent homemade meals, had significantly higher levels of protein (P < 0·0001), contained significantly more kilocalories (P = 0·001), had significantly higher levels of GHGE (P < 0·0001) and were significantly more expensive (P < 0·0001), compared with plant-based meals. Overall, plant-based meals home-cooked on the gas or electric stove had the lowest GHGE and cost, whereas animal-based oven-cooked ready meals had the highest levels of GHGE and were most expensive.

Conclusions:

Ready meals have lower nutritional quality and higher GHGE and are more expensive than equivalent home-cooked meals, especially those meals that are animal-based and prepared in an oven.
Controls on Flood Trends Across the United States
Authors: Kemter Matthias , Marwan Norbert , Villarini Gabriele , Merz Bruno
Published: January 2023

Trends in flood magnitudes vary across the conterminous USA (CONUS). There have been attempts to identify what controls these regionally varying trends, but these attempts were limited to certain—for example, climatic—variables or to smaller regions, using different methods and datasets each time. Here we attribute the trends in annual maximum streamflow for 4,390 gauging stations across the CONUS in the period 1960–2010, while using a novel combination of methods and an unprecedented variety of potential controlling variables to allow large‐scale comparisons and minimize biases. Using process‐based flood classification and complex networks, we find 10 distinct clusters of catchments with similar flood behavior. We compile a set of 31 hydro‐climatological and land use variables as predictors for 10 separate Random Forest models, allowing us to find the main controls the flood magnitude trends for each cluster. By using Accumulated Local Effect plots, we can understand how these controls influence the trends in the flood magnitude. We show that hydro‐climatologic changes and land use are of similar importance for flood magnitude trends across the CONUS. Static land use variables are more important than their trends, suggesting that land use is able to attenuate (forested areas) or amplify (urbanized areas) the effects of climatic changes on flood magnitudes. For some variables, we find opposing effects in different regions, showing that flood trend controls are highly dependent on regional characteristics and that our novel approach is necessary to attribute flood magnitude trends reliably at the continental scale while maintaining sensitivity to regional controls.
High Resolution SnowModel Simulations Reveal Future Elevation‐Dependent Snow Loss and Earlier, Flashier Surface Water Input for the Upper Colorado River Basin
Authors: Hammond John C. , Sexstone Graham A. , Putman Annie L. , Barnhart Theodore B. , Rey David M. , Driscoll Jessica M. , Liston Glen E. , Rasmussen Kristen L. , McGrath Daniel , Fassnacht Steven R. , Kampf Stephanie K.
Published: January 2023

Continued climate warming is reducing seasonal snowpacks in the western United States, where >50% of historical water supplies were snowmelt‐derived. In the Upper Colorado River Basin, declining snow water equivalent (SWE) and altered surface water input (SWI, rainfall and snowmelt available to enter the soil) timing and magnitude affect streamflow generation and water availability. To adapt effectively to future conditions, we need to understand current spatiotemporal distributions of SWE and SWI and how they may change in future decades. We developed 100‐m SnowModel simulations for water years 2001–2013 and two scenarios: control (CTL) and pseudo‐global‐warming (PGW). The PGW fraction of precipitation falling as snow was lower relative to CTL, except for November–April at high elevations. PGW peak SWE was lower for low (−45%) and mid elevations (−14%), while the date of peak SWE was uniformly earlier in the year for all elevations (17–23 days). Currently unmonitored high elevation snow represented a greater fraction of total PGW SWE. PGW peak daily SWI was higher for all elevations (30%–42%), while the dates of SWI peaks and centroids were earlier in the year for all elevations under PGW. PGW displayed elevated winter SWI, lower summer SWI, and changes in spring SWI timing were elevation‐dependent. Although PGW peak SWI was elevated and earlier compared to CTL, SWI was more evenly distributed throughout the year for PGW. These simulated shifts in the timing and magnitude of SWE and SWI have broad implications for water management in dry, snow‐dominated regions.
Ionospheric TEC Variation and Gravity Waves Signatures During the Solar Eclipse on 21 June 2020 Over Southern China
Authors: Gu Sheng‐Yang , Yang Zhenlin , Qin Yusong , Teng Chen‐Ke‐Min , Dou Xiankang , Lei Jiuhou , Huang Fuqing , Dang Tong , Sun Wenjie
Published: January 2023

The total electron content (TEC) derived from ground‐based BeiDou geostationary orbit (GEO) satellite receivers lying on both sides of the eclipse path is used to study the ionospheric variations in southern China, particularly targeting eclipse‐induced gravity waves in the ionosphere during the annular solar eclipse on 21 June 2020. Eclipse‐induced gravity waves (GWs) signatures with periods of about 70 min, from wavelet analysis, were identified on both sides of TEC observations, which are most likely to be induced in the thermosphere. However, there were significant differences in the intensity of the gravity waves on both sides of the eclipse path, gravity waves are stronger on the northern side of the eclipse path than on the southern side. Moreover, a postponement of TEC depletion shows on the northern side of the eclipse path which is caused by the convergence effect of the wind field. And at the same obstruction rate, GWs possibly can slightly adjust the postponement of TEC depletion on a small scale.
Insights From Dayflow: A Historical Streamflow Reanalysis Dataset for the Conterminous United States
Authors: Ghimire Ganesh R. , Hansen Carly , Gangrade Sudershan , Kao Shih‐Chieh , Thornton Peter E. , Singh Debjani
Published: January 2023

Reconstructed historical streamflow time series can supplement limited streamflow gauge observations. However, there are common challenges of typical modeling approaches: process‐based hydrologic models can be data/computation‐intensive, and statistics‐based models can be region/stream‐specific. Here we present a nationally scalable modeling framework integrating the simulated runoff from the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model with the Routing Application for Parallel computatIon of Discharge (RAPID) routing model leveraging high‐performance computing. We demonstrate an efficient method of assimilating streamflow at US Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow monitoring sites using a simple hierarchical approach in the VIC‐RAPID framework. The result is a reconstructed 36‐year (1980–2015) daily and monthly streamflow dataset (Dayflow) at ∼2.7 million NHDPlusV2 stream reaches in the conterminous US (CONUS). We perform a comprehensive evaluation at 7,526 USGS sites and characterize their error statistics. The results demonstrate that 49% of the USGS sites demonstrate Kling–Gupta Efficiency (KGE) > 0.5 and 58% of the sites show percentage bias within ±20% for the daily naturalized streamflow. Streamflow data assimilation across CONUS shows an overall improvement over naturalized streamflow, notably in the western semiarid‐to‐arid regions. Comparison to other national and global streamflow reanalysis datasets such as the National Water Model and Global Reach‐scale A priori Discharge Estimates for SWOT demonstrates improved KGE, reduced bias, and directions for Dayflow improvements. Investigations of error statistics with key hydrologic, hydroclimatic, and geomorphologic basin characteristics reveal region‐specific patterns which may help improve future framework applications. Overall, Dayflow may enable a better understanding of hydrologic conditions in a changing environment, especially in locations currently not represented by streamflow monitoring networks.
From past to future: on-chip laser sources for photonic integrated circuits
Authors: Yang Junjie , Tang Mingchu , Chen Siming , Liu Huiyun
Published: January 2023

The realisation of on-chip light sources paves the way towards the full integration of Si-based photonic integrated circuits (PICs).
A tactile and airflow motion sensor based on flexible double-layer magnetic cilia
Authors: Man Jiandong , Zhang Junjie , Chen Guangyuan , Xue Ning , Chen Jiamin
Published: January 2023

Inspired by the concept of bionics, a tactile and airflow motion sensor based on flexible double-layer magnetic cilia is developed, showing extremely high sensitivity in both force and airflow detection. The upper layer of the magnetic cilia is a flexible material mixed with magnetic particles, while the lower layer is a pure flexible material. This double-layer structure significantly improves magnetism while maintaining cilia flexibility. In addition, a metal tube pressing (MTP) method is proposed to overcome the difficulties in preparing large aspect ratio (over 30:1) cilia, offering simplicity and avoiding the use of large-scale MEMS instruments. The developed sensor has a detection range between 0 and 60 µN with a resolution of 2.1 µN for micro forces. It also shows great detection ability for airflow velocity with a sensitivity of 1.43 µT/(m/s). Experiments show that the sensor could be applied in surface roughness characterization and sleep apnea monitoring.
Epigenomic signatures reveal mechanistic clues and predictive markers for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: LaSalle Janine M.
Published: January 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with a commonality in deficits in social communication and language combined with repetitive behaviors and interests. The etiology of ASD is heterogeneous, as several hundred genes have been implicated as well as multiple in utero environmental exposures. Over the past two decades, epigenetic investigations, including DNA methylation, have emerged as a novel way to capture the complex interface of multivariate ASD etiologies. More recently, epigenome-wide association studies using human brain and surrogate accessible tissues have revealed some convergent genes that are epigenetically altered in ASD, many of which overlap with known genetic risk factors. Unlike transcriptomes, epigenomic signatures defined by DNA methylation from surrogate tissues such as placenta and cord blood can reflect past differences in fetal brain gene transcription, transcription factor binding, and chromatin. For example, the discovery of NHIP (neuronal hypoxia inducible, placenta associated) through an epigenome-wide association in placenta, identified a common genetic risk for ASD that was modified by prenatal vitamin use. While epigenomic signatures are distinct between different genetic syndromic causes of ASD, bivalent chromatin and some convergent gene pathways are consistently epigenetically altered in both syndromic and idiopathic ASD, as well as some environmental exposures. Together, these epigenomic signatures hold promising clues towards improved early prediction and prevention of ASD as well genes and gene pathways to target for pharmacological interventions. Future advancements in single cell and multi-omic technologies, machine learning, as well as non-invasive screening of epigenomic signatures during pregnancy or newborn periods are expected to continue to impact the translatability of the recent discoveries in epigenomics to precision public health.
Thinking inside the box: intracellular roles for complement system proteins come into focus
Authors: O’Brien Rebecca M. , Lynam-Lennon Niamh , Olcina Monica M.
Published: January 2023

Over the last decade, perspectives on the complement system in the context of cancer have shifted, with complement proteins now implicated in many of the hallmarks of cancer. Systemically, the generation of complement anaphylatoxin C5a, the most potent inflammatory mediator of the cascade, occurs following convertase-mediated cleavage of complement component C5. In a recent manuscript, Ding et al., propose that in colorectal cancer cells, C5 cleavage can occur intracellularly and in a convertase-independent manner, identifying cathepsin D as an enzyme capable of cleaving C5 into C5a [1]. Intracellular C5a is functional and promotes β-catenin stabilisation via the assembly of a KCTD5/cullin3/Roc-1 complex. Importantly, the blockade of C5aR1 prevents tumorigenesis. This study adds to a growing body of evidence indicating that complement proteins, previously thought to primarily have extracellular or membrane-bound functions, also have important intracellular roles.
Electronic excited states in deep variational Monte Carlo
Authors: Entwistle M. T. , Schätzle Z. , Erdman P. A. , Hermann J. , Noé F.
Published: January 2023

Obtaining accurate ground and low-lying excited states of electronic systems is crucial in a multitude of important applications. One ab initio method for solving the Schrödinger equation that scales favorably for large systems is variational quantum Monte Carlo (QMC). The recently introduced deep QMC approach uses ansatzes represented by deep neural networks and generates nearly exact ground-state solutions for molecules containing up to a few dozen electrons, with the potential to scale to much larger systems where other highly accurate methods are not feasible. In this paper, we extend one such ansatz (PauliNet) to compute electronic excited states. We demonstrate our method on various small atoms and molecules and consistently achieve high accuracy for low-lying states. To highlight the method’s potential, we compute the first excited state of the much larger benzene molecule, as well as the conical intersection of ethylene, with PauliNet matching results of more expensive high-level methods.
Untangling competition between epitaxial strain and growth stress through examination of variations in local oxidation
Authors: Yankova Maria S. , Garner Alistair , Baxter Felicity , Armson Samuel , Race Christopher P. , Preuss Michael , Frankel Philipp
Published: January 2023

Understanding corrosion mechanisms is of importance for reducing the global cost of corrosion. While the properties of engineering components are considered at a macroscopic scale, corrosion occurs at micro or nano scale and is influenced by local microstructural variations inherent to engineering alloys. However, studying such complex microstructures that involve multiple length scales requires a multitude of advanced experimental procedures. Here, we present a method using correlated electron microscopy techniques over a range of length scales, combined with crystallographic modelling, to provide understanding of the competing mechanisms that control the waterside corrosion of zirconium alloys. We present evidence for a competition between epitaxial strain and growth stress, which depends on the orientation of the substrate leading to local variations in oxide microstructure and thus protectiveness. This leads to the possibility of tailoring substrate crystallographic textures to promote stress driven, well-oriented protective oxides, and so to improving corrosion performance.
Human activities favour prolific life histories in both traded and introduced vertebrates
Authors: Street Sally E. , Gutiérrez Jorge S. , Allen William L. , Capellini Isabella
Published: January 2023

Species’ life histories determine population demographics and thus the probability that introduced populations establish and spread. Life histories also influence which species are most likely to be introduced, but how such ‘introduction biases’ arise remains unclear. Here, we investigate how life histories affect the probability of trade and introduction in phylogenetic comparative analyses across three vertebrate classes: mammals, reptiles and amphibians. We find that traded species have relatively high reproductive rates and long reproductive lifespans. Within traded species, introduced species have a more extreme version of this same life history profile. Species in the pet trade also have long reproductive lifespans but lack ‘fast’ traits, likely reflecting demand for rare species which tend to have slow life histories. We identify multiple species not yet traded or introduced but with life histories indicative of high risk of future trade, introduction and potentially invasion. Our findings suggest that species with high invasion potential are favoured in the wildlife trade and therefore that trade regulation is crucial for preventing future invasions.
A novel injectable hydrogel containing polyetheretherketone for bone regeneration in the craniofacial region
Authors: Alipour Mahdieh , Ghorbani Marjan , Johari khatoonabad Masume , Aghazadeh Marziyeh
Published: January 2023

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is an organic material introduced as an alternative for titanium implants. Injectable hydrogels are the most promising approach for bone regeneration in the oral cavity to fill the defects with irregular shapes and contours conservatively. In the current study, injectable Aldehyde-cellulose nanocrystalline/silk fibroin (ADCNCs/SF) hydrogels containing PEEK were synthesized, and their bone regeneration capacity was evaluated. Structure, intermolecular interaction, and the reaction between the components were assessed in hydrogel structure. The cytocompatibility of the fabricated scaffolds was evaluated on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Moreover, the osteoinduction capacity of ADCNCs/SF/PEEK hydrogels on hDPSCs was evaluated using Real-time PCR, Western blot, Alizarin red staining and ALP activity. Bone formation in critical-size defects in rats’ cranial was assessed histologically and radiographically. The results confirmed the successful fabrication of the hydrogel and its osteogenic induction ability on hDPSCs. Furthermore, in in vivo phase, bone formation was significantly higher in ADCNCs/SF/PEEK group. Hence, the enhanced bone regeneration in response to PEEK-loaded hydrogels suggested its potential for regenerating bone loss in the craniofacial region, explicitly surrounding the dental implants.
Adult skin fibroblast state change in murine wound healing
Authors: Gharbia Fatma Z. , Abouhashem Ahmed S. , Moqidem Yomna A. , Elbaz Ahmed A. , Abdellatif Ahmed , Singh Kanhaiya , Sen Chandan K. , Azzazy Hassan M. E.
Published: January 2023

Wound healing is a well-organized dynamic process involving coordinated consecutive phases: homeostasis, inflammation, proliferation and resolution. Fibroblasts play major roles in skin wound healing such as in wound contraction and release of growth factors which are of importance in angiogenesis and tissue remodeling. Abnormal fibroblast phenotypes have been identified in patients with chronic wounds. In this work, we analyzed scRNA-seq datasets of normal and wounded skin from mice at day 4 post-wound to investigate fibroblast heterogeneity during the proliferative phase of wound healing. Compositional analysis revealed a specific subset of fibroblast (cluster 3) that primarily increased in wounded skin (14%) compared to normal skin (3.9%). This subset was characterized by a gene signature marked by the plasma membrane proteins Sfrp2 + Sfrp4 + Sfrp1 + and the transcription factors Ebf1 + Prrx1 + Maged1 + . Differential gene expression and enrichment analysis identified epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis to be upregulated in the emerging subset of fibroblasts of the wounded skin. Using two other datasets for murine wounded skin confirmed the increase in cluster 3-like fibroblasts at days 2, 7 and 14 post-wounding with a peak at day 7. By performing a similarity check between the differential gene expression profile between wounded and normal skin for this emerging fibroblast subset with drug signature from the ConnectivityMap database, we identified drugs capable of mimicking the observed gene expression change in fibroblasts during wound healing. TTNPB, verteprofin and nicotinic acid were identified as candidate drugs capable of inducing fibroblast gene expression profile necessary for wound healing. On the other hand, methocarbamol, ifosfamide and penbutolol were recognized to antagonize the identified fibroblast differential expression profile during wound healing which might cause delay in wound healing. Taken together, analysis of murine transcriptomic skin wound healing datasets suggested a subset of fibroblasts capable of inducing EMT and further inferred drugs that might be tested as potential candidates to induce wound closure.
Objective quantification of homophily in children with and without disabilities in naturalistic contexts
Authors: Banarjee Chitra , Tao Yudong , Fasano Regina M. , Song Chaoming , Vitale Laura , Wang Jue , Shyu Mei-Ling , Perry Lynn K. , Messinger Daniel S.
Published: January 2023

Homophily, the tendency for individuals to preferentially interact with others similar to themselves is typically documented via self-report and, for children, adult report. Few studies have investigated homophily directly using objective measures of social movement. We quantified homophily in children with developmental disabilities (DD) and typical development (TD) using objective measures of position/orientation in preschool inclusion classrooms, designed to promote interaction between these groups of children. Objective measurements were collected using ultra-wideband radio-frequency tracking to determine social approach and social contact, measures of social movement and interaction. Observations of 77 preschoolers (47 with DD, and 30 TD) were conducted in eight inclusion classrooms on a total of 26 days. We compared DD and TD groups with respect to how children approached and shared time in social contact with peers using mixed-effects models. Children in concordant dyads (DD-DD and TD-TD) both moved toward each other at higher velocities and spent greater time in social contact than discordant dyads (DD-TD), evidencing homophily. DD-DD dyads spent less time in social contact than TD-TD dyads but were comparable to TD-TD dyads in their social approach velocities. Children’s preference for similar peers appears to be a pervasive feature of their naturalistic interactions.
Comparing the accuracy of ultrasound-based measurements of the cervical vagus nerve
Authors: Dörschner Johann , Pelz Johann Otto , Kerner Alexander Michael , Labuschagne Jason John , Hammer Niels , Löffler Sabine
Published: January 2023

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has become a promising therapy especially for drug resistant epilepsy and other pathologies. Side effects or missing therapeutic success are observed due to cuff electrodes that are too narrow or too wide. Preoperative high-resolution ultrasound is used to evaluate the size of the cervical vagus nerve (CVN) to estimate the size of cuff electrodes for VNS. It remains unclear how precise ultrasound reflects the CVN dimensions, which has been the objective of this study. CVN cross-sections and diameters were investigated in 23 sides from 12 bodies, using ultrasound, histology, and CVN casting in situ as a reference. Morphometric data were obtained including fascicle count and nerve composition in histology. CVN yielded significant side-, age-, and BMI-related differences. CVN cross-sections were smaller in ultrasound when compared to casting and histology (1.5 ± 0.4 vs. 3.1 ± 0.9 vs. 2.3 ± 0.7 mm2). With the given setting in ultrasound, CVN cross-sections were consistently underestimated when compared to casting. Ultrasound-based cross-section measurements are related to a biased estimation of CVN size. A factor to correct for method related differences may help to adjust for accurate cuff electrode sizes for patient needs and to reduce undesired effects and potentially material consumption.
The renin-angiotensin system modulates endotoxic postconditioning of exacerbated renal vasoconstriction in preeclamptic offspring
Authors: Morgaan Hagar A. , Sallam Marwa Y. , El-Gowelli Hanan M. , El-Gowilly Sahar M. , El-Mas Mahmoud M.
Published: January 2023

We recently reported exacerbated endotoxic signs of neuroinflammation and autonomic defects in offspring of preeclamptic (PE) dams. Here, we investigated whether PE programming similarly modifies hemodynamic and renal vasoconstrictor responsiveness to endotoxemia in PE offspring and whether this interaction is modulated by gestational angiotensin 1–7 (Ang1-7). Preeclampsia was induced by gestational treatment with L-NAME. Adult offspring was challenged with lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 5 mg/kg) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and renal vasoconstrictions were assessed 4 h later. Male, but not female, offspring of PE rats exhibited SBP elevations that were blunted by LPS. Renal vasoconstrictions induced by angiotensin II (Ang II), but not phenylephrine, were intensified in perfused kidneys of either sex. LPS blunted the heightened Ang II responses in male, but not female, kidneys. While renal expressions of AT1-receptors and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) were increased in PE offspring of both sexes, ACE2 was upregulated in female offspring only. These molecular effects were diminished by LPS in male offspring. Gestational Ang1-7 caused sex-unrelated attenuation of phenylephrine vasoconstrictions and preferentially downregulated Ang II responses and AT1-receptor and nuclear factor-kB (NFkB) expressions in females. Together, endotoxemia and Ang1-7 offset in sexually-related manners imbalances in renal vasoconstriction and AT1/ACE/ACE2 signaling in PE offspring.
Physical firmness increases structural alignment
Authors: Cecutti Lorenzo , Lee Spike W. S.
Published: January 2023

Raising one's jammed fist is not just a common pictorial representation of struggle against the establishment but turns out to reflect a deeper connection between sensorimotor states and beliefs. The present research investigated how physical firmness, manipulated through muscle tightening, might shape beliefs. The central hypothesis, structural alignment, was tested against two other competing predictions: content extremity and content matching. Three studies provided evidence supporting structural alignment but not content matching or extremity. Specifically, the correlation between intelligence and personality lay beliefs (Studies 1–2), and the correlation between individualizing and binding moral foundations (Study 3) increased when participants jammed their fist (Study 1) or clenched their jaw (Studies 2–3). These effects emerged in the absence of mean-level differences (which would have reflected content matching or extremity). Moreover, they did not seem attributable to response bias or tiredness. An additional study suggested decent rates of compliance with experimental instructions that were comparable between conditions. Overall, sensorimotor experiences such as physical firmness can align higher-order cognitions such as beliefs in ways that are distinct from prior demonstrations of embodied cognition effects.
Preclinical evaluation of the polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol electrospun nanofibers containing egg-yolk oil for acceleration of full thickness burns healing
Authors: Shadman-Manesh Vida , Gholipour-Kanani Adeleh , Najmoddin Najmeh , Rabbani Shahram
Published: January 2023

Considering the great potential of egg yolk oil (EYO) in management of burn wounds and superb biological properties of polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), hereby, a PCL-PEG-EYO scaffold was developed by electrospinning method for burn healing. The physico-chemical characterizations were performed using SEM, FTIR and contact angle tests. The biological properties of the fabricated scaffolds were evaluated by antibacterial test, in vitro cell culturing, MTT assay and in vivo experiments. The SEM images of PCL-PEG-EYO nanofibers demonstrated a uniform bead-free morphology with 191 ± 61 nm diameter. The fabricated scaffold revealed hydrophilicity with the water contact angel of 77°. No cytotoxicity was observed up to 7 days after cell culturing onto the PCL-PEG-EYO nanofibrous surface. The presence of EYO in the PCL-PEG-EYO scaffold meaningfully improved the cell viability, proliferation and attachment compared to PCL-PEG scaffold. Moreover, the PCL-PEG-EYO scaffolds demonstrated antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria strain. Finally, a statistically significant enhancement in wound closure, re-epithelialization, angiogenesis and collagen synthesis was observed at the end of 21-day treatment period using PCL-PEG-EYO nanofibrous scaffold. Overall, the PCL-PEG-EYO nanofibrous scaffolds demonstrated a great potential in management of full thickness burn wounds in vivo.
Phonetic categorization relies on motor simulation, but combinatorial phonological computations are abstract
Authors: Berent Iris , Fried Peter J. , Theodore Rachel M. , Manning Daniel , Pascual-Leone Alvaro
Published: January 2023

To identify a spoken word (e.g., dog), people must categorize the speech steam onto distinct units (e.g., contrast dog/fog,) and extract their combinatorial structure (e.g., distinguish dog/god). However, the mechanisms that support these two core functions are not fully understood. Here, we explore this question using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We show that speech categorization engages the motor system, as stimulating the lip motor area has opposite effects on labial (ba/pa)- and coronal (da/ta) sounds. In contrast, the combinatorial computation of syllable structure engages Broca’s area, as its stimulation disrupts sensitivity to syllable structure (compared to motor stimulation). We conclude that the two ingredients of language—categorization and combination—are distinct functions in human brains.
Replacing discontinued Big Tech mobility reports: a penetration-based analysis
Authors: Finazzi Francesco
Published: January 2023

People mobility data sets played a role during the COVID-19 pandemic in assessing the impact of lockdown measures and correlating mobility with pandemic trends. Two global data sets were Apple’s Mobility Trends Reports and Google’s Community Mobility Reports. The former is no longer available online, while the latter is no longer updated since October 2022. Thus, new products are required. To establish a lower bound on data set penetration guaranteeing high adherence between new products and the Big Tech products, an independent mobility data set based on 3.8 million smartphone trajectories is analysed to compare its information content with that of the Google data set. This lower bound is determined to be around 10−4 (1 trajectory every 10,000 people) suggesting that relatively small data sets are suitable for replacing Big Tech reports.
Autodisplay of streptococcal protein G for construction of an orientation-controlled immunoaffinity layer
Authors: Kim Seong Gi , Kim JeeYoung , Kim Mi Yeon , Park Jong-Min , Jose Joachim , Park Min
Published: January 2023

An immunoaffinity layer was constructed based on the outer membrane of streptococcal protein G autodisplaying E. coli cells to improve the sensitivity of immunoassays and biosensors by the orientation control of antibodies.
Long-term antibacterial, antioxidative, and bioadhesive hydrogel wound dressing for infected wound healing applications
Authors: Dong Yaning , Li Youxin , Fan Birong , Peng Wan , Qian Weijian , Ji Xiaoxue , Gan Donglin , Liu Pingsheng
Published: January 2023

QL–PHMB complex was incorporated into the PAM network to fabricate long-term antibacterial, robust adhesive, and antioxidative hydrogel for infected wound healing.
Ionic conduction mechanism in high concentration lithium ion electrolytes
Authors: Chen Xiaobing , Kuroda Daniel G.
Published: January 2023

The conduction mechanism of a family of high concentration lithium electrolytes (HCEs) was investigated.
Reinforced hydrogel network building by a rapid dual-photo-coupling reaction for 3D printing
Authors: Zhou Renjie , Hua Yujie , Yang Lipeng , Bao Bingkun , Lin Qiuning , Zhu Linyong
Published: January 2023

Based on photoinduced S-nitrosylation and Schiff base reaction, a novel hydrogel fabrication strategy has been established to rapidly construct reinforced, biocompatible hydrogels for 3D printing and for related biomedical applications.
Zr- and Ti-based metal–organic frameworks: synthesis, structures and catalytic applications
Authors: Li Ji , Huang Jin-Yi , Meng Yu-Xuan , Li Luyan , Zhang Liang-Liang , Jiang Hai-Long
Published: January 2023

Summary of the synthesis, structures and catalytic applications of Zr- and Ti-based MOFs.
Quasi-static deformation simulations of molecular crystals
Authors: Hamad Mustafa S. , Boissier Catherine , Calo Victor M. , Gale Julian D. , Nilsson Lill Sten O. , Parkinson Gordon M. , Rohl Andrew L.
Published: January 2023

This research employs two computational methods to simulate shear deformation of molecular crystals; it calculates slip barriers, finds rotational twinning, and predicts polymorphic transitions.
On the role of torsional dynamics in the solid-state fluorescent properties of a new bifluorene–tetracarboxylic acid and its supramolecular assemblies: a structural and TD-DFT investigation
Authors: Podda Enrico , Arca Massimiliano , Pintus Anna , Lippolis Vito , Caltagirone Claudia , Coles Simon J. , Orton James B. , Ennas Guido , Picci Giacomo , Davies Robert P. , Aragoni M. Carla
Published: January 2023

The solid-state emission properties of bifluorene–tetracarboxylic acid were reported and rationalised on the basis of fluorene torsional dynamics by SC-XRD and DFT calculations.
Effects of pressure on GaN growth in a specific warm-wall MOCVD reactor
Authors: Niu Huidan , Yao Weizhen , Yang Shaoyan , Liu Xianglin , Chen Qingqing , Wang Lianshan , Wang Huanhua , Wang Zhanguo
Published: January 2023

A horizontal warm-wall MOCVD reactor with a Mo reflector screen stabilizes the temperature field and facilitates TMG decomposition.
Non-ergodic fragmentation upon collision-induced activation of cysteine–water cluster cations
Authors: Tiefenthaler Lukas , Scheier Paul , Erdmann Ewa , Aguirre Néstor F. , Díaz-Tendero Sergio , Luxford Thomas F. M. , Kočišek Jaroslav
Published: January 2023

Cysteine–water cluster ion fragmentation and internal energy partitioning upon collision-induced activation have been revealed by experiments with cluster ions assembled in He droplets and Microcanonical Metropolis Monte–Carlo M3C calculations.
Early detection of lung cancer biomarkers in exhaled breath by modified armchair stanene nanoribbons
Authors: Mashhadbani Maedeh , Faizabadi Edris
Published: January 2023

In this study, we analyze armchair stanene nanoribbons as excellent sensing substances for the early diagnosis of lung cancer using density functional theory and the non-equilibrium Green function.
Analytical investigation of nano-bio interfacial protein mediation for fibroblast adhesion on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Zizhen , Zhou Yanni , Kimura Reo , Tagaya Motohiro
Published: January 2023

A systematic study of the real-time initial adhesion properties of fibroblasts on a fetal bovine serum-preadsorbed hydroxyapatite surface was successfully realized using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation analysis.
Broadband-excited and green-red tunable emission in Eu2+-sensitized Ca8MnTb(PO4)7 phosphors induced by structural-confined cascade energy transfer
Authors: Fan Jiaqi , Zhou Weiying , Wu Zhan-chao , Yang Ye , Chen Peichan , Pang Qi , Zhou Liya , Zhou Chunyan , Mo Fuwang , Zhang Xinguo
Published: January 2023

Novel green-red color-tunable Ca8(Mg,Mn)Tb(PO4)7:Eu2+ phosphors have been synthesized via the traditional solid-state method.
An anti-poisoning defective catalyst without metal active sites for NH3-SCR via in situ stabilization
Authors: Li Ge , Wang Baodong , Ma Ziran , Ma Jing , Wang Hongyan , Zhou Jiali , Peng Shengpan , White Jessica Jein , Li Yonglong , Chen Jingyun , Han Zhihua , Wei Hui , Peng Chuang , Xiong Yujie , Wang Yun
Published: January 2023

The denitrification catalyst without metal active component has excellent anti-poisoning performance and stability.
Nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide-polyaniline composite materials: hydrothermal treatment, characterisation and supercapacitive properties
Authors: Mombeshora Edwin T. , Muchuweni Edigar , Davies Matthew L. , Martincigh Bice S. , Nyamori Vincent O.
Published: January 2023

High-temperature treatment increased the conductivity, carrier density and mobility of N-RGO. Inclusion of PANI tailored activities from capacitive to battery-like and diffusion-controlled.
Sulfonamides linked to sulfonate estersviahydrazone functionality: synthesis, human carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activities, and molecular modeling studies
Authors: Han M. İhsan , Gündüz Miyase Gözde , Alçı Gökçe , Giovannuzzi Simone , Yuvalı Dönay , Supuran Claudiu T. , Doğan Şengül Dilem
Published: January 2023

A benzenesulfonamide moiety was linked to sulfonate estersviaa hydrazone bridge. The introduction of thep-methoxy group on the terminal phenyl ring led to the most effective inhibitor of tumor-associated human carbonic anhydrase isoforms, hCA IX and XII.
All-printed and stretchable organic electrochemical transistors using a hydrogel electrolyte
Authors: Kim Chi-Hyeong , Azimi Mona , Fan Jiaxin , Nagarajan Harini , Wang Meijing , Cicoira Fabio
Published: January 2023

All-printed organic electrochemical transistors based on a hydrogel electrolyte show high stretchability and long term stability.
Curcumin-based molecular probes for fluorescence imaging of fungi
Authors: Ferreira Joana R. M. , Alves Mariana , Sousa Bárbara , Vieira Sandra I. , Silva Artur M. S. , Guieu Samuel , Cunha Ângela , Nunes da Silva Raquel
Published: January 2023

Boron-diketonate fluorophores, based on curcuminoid ligands, demonstrated bright emission in solution with tunable color, and were used in the staining of a model fungus for fluorescence imaging.
NBS-mediated elimination of β-keto sulfides to access enones and dienones
Authors: Zhang Ruinan , Huang Siwei , Gao Zhenbo
Published: January 2023

A novel transformation of β-keto sulfides into enones has been achieved through an NBS-mediated approach obtaining 36 examples in moderate to excellent yields.
Defect-rich WS2–SPAN nanofibers for sodium/potassium-ion batteries: ultralong lifespans and wide-temperature workability
Authors: Lei Zewei , Zheng Jingao , He Xiaotong , Wang Yiyi , Yang Xuhui , Xiao Fuyu , Xue Hun , Xiong Peixun , Wei Mingdeng , Chen Qinghua , Qian Qingrong , Zeng Lingxing
Published: January 2023

The WS2–SPAN-2 composite was preparedviaan electrospinning technology combined with a sulphuration process. It possesses ultralong lifespans and wide temperature range workability.
Rational design of mesoporous chiral MOFs as reactive pockets in nanochannels for enzyme-free identification of monosaccharide enantiomers
Authors: Guo Junli , Liu Xuao , Zhao Junjian , Xu Huijie , Gao Zhida , Wu Zeng-Qiang , Song Yan-Yan
Published: January 2023

An asymmetrical architecture is developed to discriminate monosaccharide enantiomers based on enzyme-like cascade reactions in homochiral CuMOF pockets. The increased enzyme-like activity under LSPR excitation enhanced the identification performance.
Transferrable selectivity profiles enable prediction in synergistic catalyst space
Authors: Kuang Yutao , Lai Junshan , Reid Jolene P.
Published: January 2023

Statistical models can be applied to predict and develop enantioselective reactions involving two catalysts.
Diastereodivergentcis- andtrans-fused [4 + 2] annulations of cyclic 1,3-dienes and 1-azadienesvialigand-controlled palladium catalysis
Authors: Hu Yuan , Huang Jin-Yu , Yan Ru-Jie , Chen Zhi-Chao , Ouyang Qin , Du Wei , Chen Ying-Chun
Published: January 2023

Diastereodivergent and asymmetric [4 + 2] annulations between cyclic 1,3-dienes and 1-azadienesvialigand-controlled Pd catalysis have been realized, furnishing bothcis- andtrans-fused tetrahydropyridines in good yields and stereoselectivity levels.
High-quality perovskite films prepared by nucleus epitaxial growth for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wu Tiao , Ji Wenxi , Zhang Longgui , Chen Qiaoyun , Fu Jianfei , Zhang Jiajia , Zhang Zelong , Zhou Yi , Dong Bin , Song Bo
Published: January 2023

Nucleus epitaxial growth is employed to fabricate perovskite films with high quality by introducing δ-FAPbI3 into the precursor. This strategy delivers an efficient and stable perovskite solar cell.
Hydrophobic MOFs for the efficient capture of highly polar volatile organic compound
Authors: Severino Maria Inês , Al Mohtar Abeer , Soares Carla Vieira , Kolmykov Oleksii , Freitas Cátia , Dovgaliuk Iurii , Martineau Charlotte , Pimenta Vanessa , Nouar Farid , Maurin Guillaume , Pinto Moisés L. , Serre Christian
Published: January 2023

Effective capture of polar volatile organic compounds under environmental conditions is a challenge owing to the adsorption competition between polar volatile organic compounds and water.