bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genomic Views of Transcriptional Enhancers: Essential Determinants of Cellular Identity and Activity-Dependent Responses in the CNS
Authors: Gray Jesse M. , Kim Tae-Kyung , West Anne E. , Nord Alex S. , Markenscoff-Papadimitriou Eirene , Lomvardas Stavros
Published: October 2015

Sprinkled throughout the genome are a million regulatory sequences called transcriptional enhancers that activate gene promoters in the right cells, at the right time. Enhancers endow the brain with its incredible diversity of cell types and also translate neural activity into gene induction. Thanks to rapid advances in genomic technologies, it is now possible to identify thousands of enhancers rapidly, test their transcriptional functionen masse, and address their neurobiological functions via genome editing. Enhancers also promise to be a great technological opportunity for neuroscience, offering the potential for cell-type-specific genetic labeling and manipulation without the need for transgenesis. The objective of this review and the accompanying 2015 SfN mini-symposium is to highlight the use of new and emerging genomic technologies to probe enhancer function in the nervous system.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTranscriptional enhancers turn on genes in the right cells, at the right time. Enhancers are also the genomic sequences that encode the incredible diversity of cell types in the brain and enable the brain to turn genes on in response to new experiences. New technology enables enhancers to be found and manipulated. The study of enhancers promises to inform our understanding of brain development and function. The application of enhancer technology holds promise in accelerating basic neuroscience research and enabling gene therapies to be targeted to specific cell types in the brain.
Bridging Cytoarchitectonics and Connectomics in Human Cerebral Cortex
Authors: van den Heuvel Martijn P. , Scholtens Lianne H. , Feldman Barrett Lisa , Hilgetag Claus C. , de Reus Marcel A.
Published: October 2015

The rich variation in cytoarchitectonics of the human cortex is well known to play an important role in the differentiation of cortical information processing, with functional multimodal areas noted to display more branched, more spinous, and an overall more complex cytoarchitecture. In parallel, connectome studies have suggested that also the macroscale wiring profile of brain areas may have an important contribution in shaping neural processes; for example, multimodal areas have been noted to display an elaborate macroscale connectivity profile. However, how these two scales of brain connectivity are related—and perhaps interact—remains poorly understood. In this communication, we combined data from the detailed mappings of early twentieth century cytoarchitectonic pioneers Von Economo and Koskinas (1925) on the microscale cellular structure of the human cortex with data on macroscale connectome wiring as derived from high-resolution diffusion imaging data from the Human Connectome Project. In a cross-scale examination, we show evidence of a significant association between cytoarchitectonic features of human cortical organization—in particular the size of layer 3 neurons—and whole-brain corticocortical connectivity. Our findings suggest that aspects of microscale cytoarchitectonics and macroscale connectomics are related.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOne of the most widely known and perhaps most fundamental properties of the human cortex is its rich variation in cytoarchitectonics. At the same time, neuroimaging studies have also revealed cortical areas to vary in their level of macroscale connectivity. Here, we provide evidence that aspects of local cytoarchitecture are associated with aspects of global macroscale connectivity, providing insight into the question of how the scales of micro-organization and macro-organization of the human cortex are related.
Time in Cortical Circuits
Authors: Finnerty Gerald T. , Shadlen Michael N. , Jazayeri Mehrdad , Nobre Anna C. , Buonomano Dean V.
Published: October 2015

Time is central to cognition. However, the neural basis for time-dependent cognition remains poorly understood. We explore how the temporal features of neural activity in cortical circuits and their capacity for plasticity can contribute to time-dependent cognition over short time scales. This neural activity is linked to cognition that operates in the present or anticipates events or stimuli in the near future. We focus on deliberation and planning in the context of decision making as a cognitive process that integrates information across time. We progress to consider how temporal expectations of the future modulate perception. We propose that understanding the neural basis for how the brain tells time and operates in time will be necessary to develop general models of cognition.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTime is central to cognition. However, the neural basis for time-dependent cognition remains poorly understood. We explore how the temporal features of neural activity in cortical circuits and their capacity for plasticity can contribute to time-dependent cognition over short time scales. We propose that understanding the neural basis for how the brain tells time and operates in time will be necessary to develop general models of cognition.
Teaching Bird Identification & Vocabulary with Twitter
Authors: Hallman Tyler A. , Robinson W. Douglas
Published: October 2015

Species identification is essential to biology, conservation, and management. The ability to focus on specific diagnostic characteristics of a species helps improve the speed and accuracy of identification. Birds are excellent subjects for teaching species identification because, in combination with their different shapes and sizes, their plumages have distinctive colors and patterns that vary characteristically from species to species. Bird feather tracts have specific names so that proper descriptions of colors and patterns on those tracts can improve the precision and conciseness of identification criteria. We use popular social media (Twitter) to engage students in an exercise designed to familiarize them with avian species identification and improve their use and comprehension of vocabulary. This exercise can be used in higher education for ornithology and other identification courses, as well as in primary education as a basic introduction to species and biodiversity.
Using Astrology to Confront & Discuss Pseudoscience in the Classroom
Authors: Quinn Vanessa S.
Published: October 2015

Surveys have shown that a proportion of the American public accepts pseudoscientific claims as scientific facts. The critical evaluation of these claims via classroom discussion about pseudoscience is important because instructors and students cannot test every pseudoscientific claim. Instructors can provide a framework to use in evaluating such claims both inside and outside the classroom, arming students with knowledge. I describe an activity that provides both an example of a pseudoscientific claim – astrology – and a framework for classroom discussion of pseudoscience as students work in groups to experimentally test predictions of horoscopes. The activity is appropriate for freshman college students in an online or classroom biology laboratory and can be adapted for high school students.
Weighing Ourselves Down
Authors: Hodges Nathan
Published: October 2015

Bodyweight—the number on the scale—has been constructed as an objective measure of health, and weight loss as synonymous with healthier. Weight has been used as a way of classifying and controlling people, ignoring the embodied, relational, and cultural meanings attached to health and weight. Instead, these subjective experiences are lumped into a numerical category. Our society's obsession with weight is weighing us down and most of us should toss out our scales. Scale stories offer a departure from canonical narratives about physical health and body image by emphasizing emotions and lived experiences instead of bodyweight and numerical categories.
Alu element‐containing RNAs maintain nucleolar structure and function
Authors: Caudron‐Herger Maïwen , Pankert Teresa , Seiler Jeanette , Németh Attila , Voit Renate , Grummt Ingrid , Rippe Karsten
Published: October 2015

Non‐coding RNAs play a key role in organizing the nucleus into functional subcompartments. By combining fluorescence microscopy and RNA deep‐sequencing‐based analysis, we found that RNA polymerase II transcripts originating from intronic Alu elements (aluRNAs) were enriched in the nucleolus. Antisense‐oligo‐mediated depletion of aluRNAs or drug‐induced inhibition of RNA polymerase II activity disrupted nucleolar structure and impaired RNA polymerase I‐dependent transcription of rRNA genes. In contrast, overexpression of a prototypic aluRNA sequence increased both nucleolus size and levels of pre‐rRNA, suggesting a functional link between aluRNA, nucleolus integrity and pre‐rRNA synthesis. Furthermore, we show that aluRNAs interact with nucleolin and target ectopic genomic loci to the nucleolus. Our study suggests an aluRNA‐based mechanism that links RNA polymerase I and II activities and modulates nucleolar structure and rRNA production.
Análisis de la literatura sobre plantas medicinales en Costa Rica (1930-2001)
Authors: García-González Mildred , Morales Carlos
Published: October 2015

Se recopilan 416 publicaciones acerca de plantas medicinales en Costa Rica, en el período comprendido entre 1930 y 2001. Se clasifican y analizan estas publicaciones según fecha de publicación, tipo de publicación, temática y nombres de las familias y los géneros con mayor número de estudios. La década de mayor producción en este campo es la de 1990, con 122 trabajos (29% del total). El 52% (217 trabajos) de la literatura revisada corresponde a aportes de estudiantes de la Universidad de Costa Rica realizados mediante trabajos de graduación. La fitoquímica, con 292 trabajos, abarca el 70% de la investigación de las plantas medicinales. La familia de plantas con mayor número de estudios (47) es Asteraceae y los géneros con el mayor número de trabajos científicos (14) son Citrus (Rutaceae) y Quassia (Simaroubaceae).
Ichthyofauna of the Gurgueia River, Parnaíba River basin, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Silva Márcio Joaquim da , Costa Brisa Guimarães , Ramos Telton Pedro Anselmo , Auricchio Paulo , Lima Sergio Maia Queiroz
Published: October 2015

The Gurgueia River in southern Piauí state, Brazil, is the largest affluent on the right margin of the Parnaíba River basin. This study aimed to inventory the Gurgueia River ichthyofauna, and contribute to the knowledge of fish diversity in Northeastern Brazil. We sampled 71 locations throughout the Gurgueia sub-basin between 2006 and 2014, which resulted in 90 fish species representing 67 genera, 26 families and six orders, including two non-native species. Six species are newly recorded for the Parnaíba basin (Hasemania nana, Hemigrammus brevis, H. guyanensis, H. ora, Corydoras sp. and Cetopsorhamdia sp.), increasing its freshwater ichthyofauna to 152 species. The Gurgueia River contains 59.2% of the ichthyofauna known for the Parnaíba basin, and can be used as a reference point for the establishment of priority areas for the conservation of the freshwater fish fauna of the Brazilian Northeast.
Gesty pielgrzyma. Na podstawie Podróży na Wschód Alphonse’a de Lamartine’a
Authors: Kijak-Sawska Aleksandra
Published: October 2015

Przedmiotem analizy w artykule są doświadczenia, przeżycia i postawy pielgrzyma, odbywającego podróż religijną do Ziemi Świętej w 1832 roku. Pielgrzymem, którego doświadczenia zostały poddane analizie, jest słynny francuski poeta, historyk i polityk – Alphonse de Lamartine. W rozważaniach na temat jego pielgrzymki została wykorzystana kategoria gestu, która pozwoliła zbadać charakter relacji człowieka z Bogiem i sposób postrzegania Boga przez człowieka. Analiza zjawiska pielgrzymki jako gestu pozwoliła wyodrębnić pięć kategorii gestów pielgrzymkowych (gest Tomasza, Hioba, uczonego, oranta, dziecka), szczegółowo charakteryzujących możliwe zróżnicowanie postawy pielgrzyma w ramach jednej pielgrzymki oraz opisujących różne typy pielgrzymek.
Egzystencjalna aplikacja dogmatu na przykładzie Thomasa Mertona
Authors: Strumiłowski Jan Paweł
Published: October 2015

Współczesna teologia kładzie bardzo silny akcent na egzystencjalny wymiar wiary. Wielkie prace teologiczne ubiegłego wieku skupiają się na antropologicznej sferze wiary. Unaoczniają nam to chociażby dokonania takich teologów jak Karl Rahner czy Hans Urs von Balthasar. Teologia bowiem potrzebuje zakorzenienia w ludzkiej egzystencji, gdyż rodzi się ona w wyniku odczytania objawienia konkretyzującego się w życiu ludzkim. Niestety bardzo często dogmaty są traktowane przez katolików jako abstrakcyjne formuły mające niewielki związek z życiem duchowym. Współczesne propozycje teologiczne poprzez zakorzenienie w tzw. zwrocie antropologicznym rzeczywiście zdają się bliższe życiu. Niemniej jednak, pomimo swojego egzystencjalnego ukierunkowania, pozostają one nadal w dużej mierze produktem intelektualnych rozważań. W tym kontekście (dążenia do zespolenia nauki wiary z praktyką życia) bardzo cenna wydaje się teologia mistyków i mistrzów duchowych, którzy nie zajmowali się profesjonalnie tą dziedziną, a jednak dzięki swojemu doświadczeniu duchowemu byli doskonałymi teologami. Jednym z takich mistrzów był Thomas Merton, którego zapiski pokazują, w jaki sposób teologia wyjaśniająca podstawowe dogmaty chrześcijańskie, takie jak dogmat trynitarny i chrystologiczny, może być nie tyle rozważaniem doktrynalnym, ile opisem doświadczenia duchowego. Ponadto tego typu teologia jest bardzo ściśle zharmonizowana z codziennym doświadczeniem świata, przez co może nam pomóc tak przyjmować prawdy wiary, by to przyjęcie prowadziło do głębokiego doświadczenia duchowego.
Przekroczyć próg jednoczesnej sprawiedliwości i grzeszności wierzącego
Authors: Medwid Wojciech
Published: October 2015

Artykuł dotyczy próby przedstawienia problemu jednoczesnej sprawiedliwości i grzeszności człowieka wierzącego (simul iustus et peccator) w takim świetle, aby skutecznie dążyć do przełamania ekumenicznego impasu w tej materii i widzieć w perspektywie czasu zarysowującą się jedność obu wspólnot chrześcijańskich, nie pomijając obu tradycji. Jest to próba odpowiedzi, w jaki sposób katolicy i luteranie powinni podejść do istoty zagadnienia oraz do nauczania w tym względzie. Ponieważ źródłem komplikacji jest różne rozumienie pojęcia grzechu, analiza przebiega pod kątem pożądliwości oraz przy zastosowaniu metody opinii teologicznej. Problem jest przedstawiony w kontekście historycznym i teologicznym, począwszy od św. Augustyna, przez Marcina Lutra, głównego obrońcę i propagatora tej idei, a także w dokumentach Soboru Trydenckiego, aż do katolicko–luterańskiego dialogu w drugiej połowie XX wieku. Ciekawe komentarze na ten temat można znaleźć u Karla Rahnera, w dokumentach Soboru Watykańskiego II, a zwłaszcza we Wspólnej deklaracji w sprawie nauki o usprawiedliwieniu podpisanej przez katolików i ewangelików, szczególnie pod względem usprawiedliwienia grzesznika.
Trzeci okres życia człowieka. Stagnacja czy szansa na rozwój?
Authors: Pryba Andrzej
Published: October 2015

Punktem wyjścia do analiz zawartych w tym artykule są badania socjologiczne i psychologiczne dotyczące późnej dojrzałości współcześnie żyjącego człowieka. Ten punkt widzenia posłużył do dalszych badań nad zagadnieniem funkcjonowania człowieka w okresie jesieni życia. Najpierw podjęto próbę zdefiniowania pojęcia „proces starzenia” oraz zaprezentowania różnych typów postaw ludzkich wobec tego zjawiska. Następnie została przeprowadzona analiza dotycząca roli rodziny w życiu ludzi starszych oraz podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie postawione w tytule artykułu. Okazało się, że rodzina jest dla ludzi starszych gwarantem akceptacji, bezpieczeństwa i opieki. To w niej można najskuteczniej rozwiązywać różne ludzkie problemy charakterystyczne dla ludzi w jesieni życia. Człowiek winien rozwijać się na wszystkich poziomach swojej osobowości przez całe życie, również w okresie późnej dojrzałości. Aby ten rozwój mógł osiągnąć poziom dobrostanu, człowiek powinien mieć jasno sprecyzowany cel i sens życia. Celem ostatecznym człowieka, według antropologii teologicznej, jest Osoba Absolutna, jaką jest Bóg. Osiągnięcie tego celu jest możliwe na poziomie osobowego dialogu prowadzącego człowieka do pełni życia.
Renesansowa relacja z wejścia na wulkan w De Aetna Pietra Bemba. Nowatorstwo czy kontynuacja tradycji?
Authors:   Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Kowalczyk Daria
Published: October 2015

A RENAISSANCE ACCOUNT OF CLIMBING THE VOLCANO IN DE AETNA BY PIETRO BEMBO. INNOVATION OR CONTINUATION OF THE TRADITION? This article presents how Pietro Bembo described his journey towards the summit of Mount etna, focusing specifically on the journey’s Renaissance connotations and the way that Petrarch’s Epistolae Familiares 4.1 influenced Bembo. there are similarities and differences between Petrarch’s account of climbing Mont Ventoux and Bembo’s text. the aim is to present two sides of Bembo’s descriptions: the innovation, which is that of empiricism, or, rather, illusory empiricism (called as such because of the unlikely probability of an authentic etna explosion, allegedly seen by the author), and the continuation of the literary tradition of writing about etna.
Le nozze di D’Annunzio. Per una lettura dell’alcaica Per nozze in Primo vere.
Authors:   Ministero dell’Istruzione, Mariotti Claudio
Published: October 2015

D’ANNUNZIO’S WEDDING. A READING OF PER NOZZE IN PRIMO VERE the author of this article examines the genesis of D’Annunzio’s Primo vere, published when D’Annunzio was 16 while he attended the famous Cicognini college in Prato. the first edition appeared in 1879 (the second, in the following year) and it was considered a great work; in fact, it was reviewed by Giuseppe Chiarini, one of the most popular writers of his time. Next, the author provides an analysis of Per nozze, one of the Alcaic lyrical poems in D’Annunzio’s book. this ode belongs to an established literary genre (for instance, poems by Catullus, Claudian, theocritus, and Sappho are of this genre), and it is an important one because it allows us to foresee the later and greater D’Annunzio. At the end of the article, the author investigates why D’Annunzio used the Alcaic metre in this ode. It is not only a tribute to Horace (one of D’Annunzio’s favourite poets; in the appendix of Primo vere are some of Horace’s lyrics translated by D’Annunzio), who used this metre in 37 of his poems; there is another reason. In fact, we can establish a parallel between the metre and the ode: the Alcaic one has ascending and descending rhythms like D’Annunzio’s Per nozze, and it is full of happiness (a marriage takes place), but also of sadness, as he wants to underline the brevity of life and its vanity.
Awakening Games Genre of Lithuanian Dancing Folklore: the Aspects of Education and Therapy
Authors: Zvicevičienė Solveiga , Aleksienė Vilmantė
Published: October 2015

Lithuanian folk awakening games for babies and young age children are classified as dancing folklore genre. These are syncretic musical compositions of low volume, intended for infants and small children, which are performed vocalising and in action. This is child-friendly interactive action, which has a playful nature and is based on intensive movement. A rich range of possibilities is noticeable in Lithuanian folk awakening games, necessary for versatile child’s education / learning.

Purpose of article: to disclose the application possibilities of awakening games in work with children, who have special needs:

1) achieving the training goals;

2) achieving the therapeutic goals.

Research method: analysis suitability of children awakening games for education and therapy. Literature of different areas has been reviewed: ethnic culture, music therapy, dance-movement therapy, ethno therapy, developmental psychology, education and special education. It is also based on manuscripts material from the Archives: of Lithuanian Folk Culture Centre, Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore, Ethnomusicology Archive of Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre and on its expedition manuscripts material as well.

Drawn conclusions: Lithuanian folk awakening games belong to minor genre of dancing folklore, which is expressed in syncretic musical compositions of low volume, has “encoded”, not yet been researched, broad options of educational and therapeutic content, and can be purposefully used trying to respond to various individual or special needs of a child.

Awakening games can be used in a child‘s education / self-training process for numerous, complementary factors, which stimulate development of a child: training of communication and language, promotion of environmental knowledge and acceptance of changes, shaping of positive behaviour, training of motility, development of playfulness and creativity skills.

Lithuanian folk awakening games can be used in therapeutic process as an effective means of communication formation with a child and activation of its ability to imitate. While playing with a child, conditions are created naturally for its psychological security, self-esteem and confidence; self-expression, self-realization; reducing of its fears; relaxation and experience of pleasure and other.

Awakening games are still important in contemporary culture for versatile child’s development / self-formation and recommended to apply in Lithuanian families, as well as in working methodologies of a special educator, physical therapist, speech therapist, ergotherapist, psychologist and art therapist.
TRANSPLANTATION OF CRYOPRESERVED FETAL LIVER CELLS SEEDED INTO MACROPOROUS ALGINATE-GELATIN SCAFFOLDS IN RATS WITH LIVER FAILURE
Authors: Grizay D. V. , Lebedinsky A. S. , Ochenashko O. V. , Rogulska O. Yu. , Petrenko Yu. A. , Lozinsky V. I. , Ivanov R. V. , Petrenko A. Yu.
Published: October 2015

Aim. To study the therapeutic potential of cryopreserved fetal liver cells seeded into macroporous alginategelatin scaffolds after implantation to omentum of rats with hepatic failure.

Materials and methods.Hepatic failure was simulated by administration of 2-acetyl aminofl uorene followed partial hepatectomy. Macroporous alginate-gelatin scaffolds, seeded with allogenic cryopreserved fetal liver cells (FLCs) were implanted into rat omentum. To prevent from colonization of host cells scaffolds were coated with alginate gel shell. Serum transaminase activity, levels of albumin and bilirubin as markers of hepatic function were determined during 4 weeks after failure model formation and scaffold implantation. Morphology of liver and scaffolds after implantation were examined histologically.

Results. Macroporous alginate-gelatin scaffolds after implantation to healthy rats were colonized by host cells. Additional formation of alginate gel shell around scaffolds prevented the colonization. Implantation of macroporous scaffolds seeded with cryopreserved rat FLCs and additionally coated with alginate gel shell into omentum of rats with hepatic failure resulted in signifi cant improvement of hepatospecifi c parameters of the blood serum and positive changes of liver morphology. The presence of cells with their extracellular matrix within the scaffolds was confi rmed after 4 weeks post implantation.

Conclusion. The data above indicate that macroporous alginate-gelatin scaffolds coated with alginate gel shell are promising cell carriers for the development of bioengineered liver equivalents.
Temporary Ovarian Suppression With Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist During Chemotherapy for Fertility Preservation: Toward the End of the Debate?
Authors: Del Mastro Lucia , Lambertini Matteo
Published: October 2015

Temporary ovarian suppression with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist during chemotherapy might be a reliable strategy not only to preserve ovarian function but also to increase the likelihood of becoming pregnant after the end of cytotoxic therapy. The findings of Blumenfeld et al. are consistent with recent data suggesting the efficacy of this strategy in preserving fertility.
Long-Term Effects of Frequent In–Center Hemodialysis
Authors: Chertow Glenn M. , Levin Nathan W. , Beck Gerald J. , Daugirdas John T. , Eggers Paul W. , Kliger Alan S. , Larive Brett , Rocco Michael V. , Greene Tom ,   for the Frequent Hemodialysis Network (FHN) Trials Group
Published: October 2015

The Frequent Hemodialysis Network Daily Trial randomized 245 patients to receive six (frequent) or three (conventional) in–center hemodialysis sessions per week for 12 months. As reported previously, frequent in–center hemodialysis yielded favorable effects on the coprimary composite outcomes of death or change in left ventricular mass and death or change in self–reported physical health. Here, we determined the long-term effects of the 12-month frequent in–center hemodialysis intervention. We determined the vital status of patients over a median of 3.6 years (10%–90% range, 1.5–5.3 years) after randomization. Using an intention to treat analysis, we compared the mortality hazard in randomized groups. In a subset of patients from both groups, we reassessed left ventricular mass and self–reported physical health a year or more after completion of the intervention; 20 of 125 patients (16%) randomized to frequent hemodialysis died during the combined trial and post–trial observation periods in contrast to 34 of 120 patients (28%) randomized to conventional hemodialysis. The relative mortality hazard for frequent versus conventional hemodialysis was 0.54 (95% confidence interval, 0.31 to 0.93); with censoring of time after kidney transplantation, the relative hazard was 0.56 (95% confidence interval, 0.32 to 0.99). Bayesian analysis suggested a relatively high probability of clinically significant benefit and a very low probability of harm with frequent hemodialysis. In conclusion, a 12-month frequent in–center hemodialysis intervention significantly reduced long-term mortality, suggesting that frequent hemodialysis may benefit selected patients with ESRD.
INGESTÃO ALIMENTAR, PERFIL BIOQUÍMICO E ESTADO NUTRICIONAL ENTRE VEGETARIANOS E NÃO VEGETARIANOS
Authors: Ribeiro Marcela Ferreira , Beraldo Rebeca Antunes , Touso Maíra Ferro De Sousa , Vassimon Helena Siqueira
Published: October 2015

Introdução: A dieta vegetariana tem sido associada a inúmeros benefícios à saúde. Objetivo: Comparar ingestão alimentar, perfil lipídico, glicemia, pressão arterial e antropometria entre adultos vegetarianos e onívoros. Casuística e Métodos: Foram selecionados 20 vegetarianos e 22 onívoros. A ingestão alimentar foi avaliada pelo recordatório de 24 horas. Foram analisados perfil lipídico e glicemia, além da aferição da pressão arterial e antropometria (circunferências do braço e cintura, prega cutânea triciptal, peso e altura). Resultados: Do grupo vegetariano, 75% eram ovolactovegetarianos, 15% eram lactovegetarianos e 10% vegans. O perfil lipídico, glicemia e pressão arterial não foram diferentes entre grupos. O grupo vegetariano apresentou índice de massa corporal (23 ± 4 kg/m2) menor que do grupo onívoro (27 ± 5 kg/m2). O grupo vegetariano ingeriu maior quantidade de fibras e gorduras poli-insaturadas e menor quantidade de proteína, zinco, fósforo, niacina e riboflavina do que no grupo não vegetariano. Para ambos os grupos, a ingestão de vários nutrientes não atingiu as recomendações. Conclusão: Vegetarianos consumiram mais fibras e gordura poli-insaturada assim como não apresentaram alterações de perfil lipídico, glicemia e de pressão arterial.  A dieta vegetariana bem planejada traz benefícios à saúde. Entretanto apenas a exclusão de carne, não, obrigatoriamente reflete em padrão alimentar saudável, dependendo de diversos fatores.
SOBRECARGA E DEPRESSÃO EM CUIDADORES DE PACIENTES ONCOLÓGICOS EM TRATAMENTO QUIMIOTERÁPICO
Authors: Bianchin Maysa Alahmar , E Silva Roberta Danza , Fuzetto Laís Abrão , Salvagno Vinícius
Published: October 2015

Introdução: O aumento da expectativa de vida nos países em desenvolvimento nas últimas décadas, somado às políticas públicas de prevenção e promoção de saúde, está associado com a elevação dos índices de prevalência e de incidência de doenças crônicas e degenerativas, com destaque para o câncer. Consequentemente, cresce a demanda por cuidadores de pacientes oncológicos. Nesse contexto, a sobrecarga de trabalho, o estresse e o tempo insuficiente para o lazer e para o cuidado com sua própria saúde são fatores de risco para depressão, ansiedade e acometimento da qualidade de vida do cuidador. Objetivo: Avaliar a presença de depressão e de sobrecarga em cuidadores de pacientes oncológicos em tratamento quimioterápico correlacioná-las entre si e analisar qualitativamente os dados sociodemográficos obtidos. Casuística e Métodos: Estudo descritivo, exploratório e com amostragem de conveniência. Cinquenta e seis cuidadores responderam na forma de entrevista individual ao Inventário de Depressão de Beck e a Escala de Sobrecarga de Zarit. Para a estatística inferencial foram utilizadas as análises de Correlação de Pearson e Spearman, de acordo com a natureza dos dados. Resultados: Depressão foi encontrada em 12,5% dos entrevistados. Disforia foi constatada em 7,1% deles, dos quais 75% eram do sexo feminino. As mulheres representaram 78,6% dos cuidadores que participaram da pesquisa e a média de idade dos entrevistados foi de 47,03 anos, com desvio padrão de 1,764. Sobrecarga foi encontrada em 3,57% dos cuidadores. Dos participantes, 100% eram cuidadores informais e apresentavam algum grau de parentesco com o paciente. Resultados significativos foram obtidos ao correlacionar sobrecarga e depressão (p<0,05). Conclusão: Sobrecarga e depressão são fatores modificadores da sáude e da qualidade de vida do cuidador, capazes de afetar a dinâmica familiar e a própria assistência prestada ao paciente oncológico. Cabe-nos inferir a importância da orientação e do acompanhamento multidisciplinar voltados para o cuidador, intervindo no desenvolvimento da depressão e da sobrecarga nessa população.
IMPACTO DA DOENÇA ARTERIAL CORONÁRIA NA MORTALIDADE TARDIA DE HEPATOPATAS CRÔNICOS EM PROGRAMA DE TRANSPLANTE HEPÁTICO
Authors: Godoy Moacir Fernandes , Sanmiguel Jessica , Alves da Silva Rita de Cássia Martins , Dos Santos Marcio Antonio , Da Silva Renato Ferreira , Pivatelli Flavio Correa
Published: October 2015

Introdução: A Doença Arterial Coronariana (DAC) apresenta prevalência significativa em portadores de insuficiência hepática avançada e relaciona-se às complicações cardiovasculares e eventos isquêmicos no perioperatório do transplante hepático, aumentando a morbimortalidade e podendo, inclusive, contraindicar o transplante hepático. Objetivo: Comparar a mortalidade em longo prazo de pacientes portadores de insuficiência hepática avançada com doença arterial coronariana em relação aos sem doença arterial coronariana e também com relação à realização ou não de angioplastia coronária antes do transplante hepático. Casuística e Métodos: Análise de 154 pacientes com mais de 40 anos de idade, que aguardavam na fila de transplante hepático em um serviço de referência e que foram submetidos a cateterismo cardíaco como parte da avaliação pré-operatória. Resultados: Dos 154 pacientes submetidos a cateterismo, 40 (26,0%) apresentaram graus variáveis de obstrução coronária (de leve a importante) na avaliação cardiológica preparatória. Do total de casos, 75 chegaram ao transplante hepático, sendo que 13 (17,3%) eram coronariopatas.  Houve predomínio de coronariopatia no grupo não transplantado (p = 0,0183; Teste Exato de Fisher, bicaudal). A análise comparativa com auxílio de curvas de sobrevivência de Kaplan-Meier para livres de óbito mostrou que a melhsor taxa de sobrevivência, 53,8±13,8% ao final de 3418 dias com sobrevida média de 1881,7 dias (IC95% 891,6 a 2871,7 dias), aconteceu no grupo de transplantados do fígado e portadores de Coronariopatia, enquanto que a pior taxa de sobrevivência, 11,7±10,5% ao final de 2295 dias com sobrevida mediana de 565 dias (IC95% 321 a 995 dias) e sobrevida média de 852,8 dias (IC95% 432,9 a 1272,8 dias), ocorreu no grupo de não transplantados e portadores de coronariopatia. Conclusão: Detectou-se que a presença de coronariopatia obstrutiva, independentemente do grau de obstrução presente, não é empecilho à realização de transplante hepático em hepatopatas crônicos uma vez que a melhor taxa de sobrevivência aconteceu justamente no grupo de transplantados do fígado portadores de coronariopatia.
EFEITOS PSICOSSOCIAIS DA PROSTATECTOMIA RADICAL EM PACIENTES COM CÂNCER DE PRÓSTATA
Authors: Novak Juliani Cristina , Sabino Alini Daniéli Viana
Published: October 2015

Introdução: O câncer de próstata caracteriza-se pelo significativo aumento da próstata. As células anormais crescem desordenadamente, levando à neoplasia prostática. Esse câncer raramente apresenta sintomas até que se encontre em sua forma avançada. Atualmente, o método considerado curativo para esse câncer é a cirurgia denominada prostatectomia radical que, por sua complexidade e evasão, acomete outras propriedades advindas da próstata, resultando em sequelas na vida do paciente. Objetivo: Identificar os efeitos psicossociais da prostatectomia radical em pacientes com câncer de próstata. Material e Métodos: A pesquisa foi elaborada por meio de revisão narrativa da literatura, de acordo com o levantamento das seguintes bases de dados Google Acadêmico, PEPSIC, biblioteca eletrônica SciELO, bem como pelo sistema Bireme, por meio da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) e do banco de dados de teses e dissertações CAPES. Foram utilizados como critérios de inclusão, artigos publicados no período de 2004 a 2014. Resultados: As análises feitas pelo presente estudo identificaram que os efeitos psicossociais na vida do indivíduo prostatectomizado merecem atenção específica, com ressignificação individual e psicossocial. A identidade masculina é atingida e fragilizada em virtude das consequências cirúrgicas. Baseando-se no fato de que toda cultura viril e provedora é atribuída ao homem, esse papel fica fortemente abalado. Portanto, necessita de atenção e cuidados especiais. Conclusão: Antes e após a cirurgia, os efeitos apresentam impacto significativo na qualidade de vida. Assim, a psicoterapia e psicoeducação, voltadas para a aceitação e autopercepção corporal e da própria sexualidade, foram observadas como suportes fundamentais para o enfrentamento da doença.
The Organization of Expert Activism: Shadow Mobilization in Two Social Movements*
Authors: Frickel Scott , Torcasso Rebekah , Anderson Annika
Published: October 2015

The organization of expert activism is a problem of increasing importance for social movement organizers and scholars alike. Yet the relative invisibility of expert activists within social movements makes them difficult to systematically identify and study. This article offers two related ways forward. First, we advance a theory of “shadow mobilization” to explain the organization of expert activism in the broader context of proliferating risk and intensifying knowledge-based conflict. Second, we introduce a new methodological approach for collecting systematic data on members of this difficult-to-reach population. Findings from comparative analysis of expert activists in the environmental justice movement in Louisiana and the alternative agriculture movement in Washington reveal both important commonalities and fine-grained differences, suggesting that shadow mobilizations are strategic collective responses to cumulative risk in contemporary society.
Desengajamentos morais, autoeficácia e bullying: a trama da convivência || Moral disengagement, self-efficacy and bullying: the framework of coexistence studies
Authors: Tognetta Luciene , Avilés José María , Rosário Pedro , Alonso Natividad
Published: October 2015

Neste artigo, discute-se a relação entre bullying e desengajamentos morais. Numa investigação com 2600 adolescentes de 14 a 16 anos, buscou-se verificar seu envolvimento em situações de bullying, suas crenças de autoeficácia quanto ao desempenho acadêmico e os possíveis desengajamentos morais demonstrados por eles. Encontrou-se uma correspondência entre ser agressor de bullying e a “desumanização da vítima”. A participação no bullying como autores, vítimas e espectadores também se associou a “culpabilização da vítima” demonstrando o perfil de alvos de bullying frágeis e com pouco valor. Encontrou-se também uma correspondência entre “bom ou muito bom” aluno e menor desengajamento moral, ao comparar-se as crenças de autoeficácia acadêmica e desengajamentos morais. Os resultados deste estudo possibilitaram a compreensão dos mecanismos psicológicos presentes no bullying, a fim de que a escola possa repensar as intervenções e prevenções que realiza para que a convivência seja um valor.
O nível de escolaridade dos pais interfere na permanência dos filhos na escola? || Does parental education level interferes with the permanence of children in school?
Authors: Bayma-Freire Hilda , Roazzi Antonio , Roazzi Maira M.
Published: October 2015

O objetivo deste estudo é verificar se o nível de escolaridade dos pais (pai e mãe) de família nuclear, monoparental, reconstituída e pais ausentes é um fator determinante para a desistência escolar de adolescentes brasileiros em desenvolvimento formativo. Nesta perspectiva, foram analisados alunos (entre os 15 e 17 anos) do ensino médio público brasileiro e os seus pais (pai/ mãe). Os resultados apontam que o nível de escolaridade baixa dos pais (pai/mãe) interfere diretamente na continuidade dos estudos dos filhos, um problema prejudicial e de grandes repercussões nas classes desfavorecidas brasileiras.
A correção como processo avaliativo: diferentes percepções em diálogo
Authors: Moreira Simone Araujo , Rangel Mary
Published: October 2015

A principal finalidade desta pesquisa é problematizar as percepções que professores e alunos têm dos objetivos da prática da correção dos exercícios nos cadernos de alunos do ensino fundamental I. Partiu-se, para isso, de um quadro teórico que conciliou estudos nos campos da didática e da avaliação, no intuito de compreender as relações entre os feedbacks e as regulações das aprendizagens dos alunos. Por  esse  viés,  foi  relevante,  também,  refletir  sobre  a  articulação entre os saberes repetidos e os saberes construídos pelos professores. Para além de apresentar formas e concepções de origens empíricas, essas questões foram problematizadas como práticas que reclamam revisão teórica e análises mais apuradas. Trata-se, portanto, de uma investigação que permite interpretar, compreender, questionar e sugerir novos caminhos para uma prática da correção a serviço da avaliação formativa.
Conselho de classe: que colegiado é esse?
Authors: Papi Silmara de Oliveira Gomes
Published: October 2015

O Conselho de Classe é uma das instâncias colegiadas da escola. A fim de apreender a forma como essa instância é abordada nas pesquisas discentes realizadas no âmbito dos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu, este estudo analisou resumos de pesquisas presentes no Banco de Teses da Capes. Os resultados indicam que, na década de 2002 a 2011, dez pesquisas o tomaram como objeto central de investigação e 57 fizeram referência a ele, considerando-o um dos espaços de coleta de dados ou o destacando em seus conceitos e suas conclusões. A análise dos resumos das 67 pesquisas demonstra a centralidade da avaliação discente nesse colegiado, bem como a proximidade entre ele e a gestão democrática. Aponta também a pulverização de outras problemáticas investigadas nesse Conselho, indicando que houve um processo de ampliação de sua prática e da percepção que se tem dele.
Avaliação da pós-graduação no Brasil: entrevista com o professor Livio Amaral
Authors: Sousa Clarilza Prado de
Published: October 2015

Nesta entrevista, o professor Lívio Amaral, que ocupou o cargo de Diretor de Avaliação da Capes no período de 2009 a 2015, aborda questões sobre a validade e fidedignidade da avaliação da pós-graduação, as críticas à visão predominantemente quantitativa do modelo de avaliação adotado, bem como da relação entre a boa produtividade dos professores, aferida por meio de sua produção bibliográfica, e a nota obtida pelos programas de pós-graduação.
The Role of Free Radicals and Antioxidant in Abortion
Authors: Suryawan Aloysius , Rahardjo Theresia Monica
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Free radicals and antioxidant exist in balance under normal condition. In prooxidant condition, excessive free radicals can initiate a state of oxidative stress (OS) followed by capillary endothelial cell damage, a process involved in the pathophysiology of abortion.CONTENT: Abortion is a common complication of pregnancy and occurs in 25% of women. Many factors can cause abortion including fetal factor, implantation process and hormonal status. Combination those factors with OS influence the entire reproductive life of a woman. Antioxidant can neutralize free radicals and used to reduce OS especially in recurrent abortion.SUMMARY: Antioxidant therapy is a very interesting field in abortion especially used as prevention approach mainly caused by the high cost of infertility treatment methods.KEYWORDS: free radical, antioxidant, abortion
Association of Cross Linked C-Telopeptide II Collagen and Hyaluronic Acid with Knee Osteoarthritis Severity
Authors: Butar Butar John , Wijayanti Zola , Tjahyana Beatrix , Sunggono Veli , Hariyanto Hori
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to investigate the association of Cross Linked C-Telopeptide Type I & II Collagen (CTX-I and II) and hyaluronic acid (HA) with knee osteoarthritis (OA) severity.METHODS: Sixty menopause women with primary knee OA were enrolled in this study during their visits to the Outpatient Department. Patients with knee pain during weight bearing, active or passive range of motion, or tenderness with Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade of more than I were included. Patients with injury, inflammatory and metabolic diseases were excluded. Patients were put in a 10-hour fasting prior to withdrawal of morning blood samples for examinations of HA, CTX-I, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) level. Second void morning urine specimens were taken for CTXII assessment. HA, CTX-I and II levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS: Sixty menopausal female patients were included in this study, 35 with KL grade II, 17 grade III, and 8 grade IV. Means of CTX-II were significantly different between subjects KL grade IV and III (p=0.021). Correlation of KL grade was significant with CTX-II (p=0.001, r=0.412) and HA (p=0.0411, r=0.269). KL grades were not significantly associated with CTX-I (p=0.8364, r=-0.0272); IL-1β (p=0.5773, r=0.0853) and hs-CRP (p=0.2625, r=0.1470).CONCLUSION: CTX-II and HA were associated with severity of knee OA, suggesting that CTX-II and HA can be used as marker for knee OA severity.KEYWORDS: CTX-II, hyaluronic acid, otestoarthritis, knee
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNICATION METHODS USED BY EXTENSION AGENTS IN DISSEMINATING HORTICULTURAL INNOVATIONS IN IKORUDO AREA, NIGERIA
Authors: Adeyanju Agbelemoge , Orowole Paul F.
Published: October 2015

This study undertook a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of various extension communication / teaching methods for the adoption of horticultural innovations by farmers. Fourteen Village Extension Agents (YEAs) and 98 fruit and vegetable farmers were randomly selected from Ikorodu area of Lagos State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire and an interview schedule were the research instruments used for the data collection. Chi-square analysis was used to test the hypotheses of the study. The results reveal that farm visit, home visit, result demonstration, group meeting, agricultural show and exhibition, method demonstration, farm tour, field day, field trip/excursion, village instructional board and posters are the most appropriate and effective methods. Specifically positive and significant relationship exists between extension communication/teaching methods and (i) adoption of innovations and (ii) gender of farmers in relation to adoption. Significant difference also exists between the effectiveness of the various methods in relation to adoption level. Based on our findings, it is confirmed that the adoption levels depend on methods' effectiveness and some socio-economic characteristics of the farmers and the agents. Hence, prevailing circumstances of the farmers should be taken into consideration in the choice of communication methods and their combination, for increased effectiveness and adoption.
POTENTIAL OF TABLET-PCs IN AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
Authors: Deegan Donna , Wims Padraig , Pettit Tony
Published: October 2015

The incorporation of the tablet-PC into the agricultural education system is explored in this paper. Factors that influence students' acceptance of the tablet-PC have been identified and the use of the tablet-PC in facilitating delivery of formal agricultural education has been investigated. Data were obtained through the use of focus group discussions and key observations during a twenty week pilot study. Focus group discussions highlighted students' positive attitude toward the use of the tablet-PC but emphasised their reservations surrounding teachers' ability to operate the tablet-PC smoothly in the classrooms. It was concluded that major barriers to the successful uptake of technology, such as poor Wi-Fi access and inexperience of teachers to deal with technical issues, would need to be addressed in order to successfully integrate the tablet-PC into agricultural education.
ADOPTION LEVEL OF DEMONSTRATOR AND NON-DEMONSTRATOR GROUNDNUT GROWERS IN SAURASHTRA REGION OF GUJARAT STATE
Authors: Deshmukh Girish , Patoliya Jaydip
Published: October 2015

The present rate of agricultural production can be doubled if the available modem groundnut production technologies are adopted by farmers. This requires a steady flow of information from the scientist to the millions of farmers. Furthermore, inputs are needed to be used correctly. This is possible through the demonstration, an important and appropriate extension method to disseminate innovations to farmers. The Government of India launched a frontline demonstration programme for oilseed crops, which has played a significant role in increasing the adoption of recommended groundnut production innovations. This research is based on a sample of 120 growers, including both demonstrators and non-demonstrators, representing 46 villages in the Gujarat state. 23.3 percent of demonstrators and 16.67 percent of non-demonstrators show high levels of adoption, respectively followed by 56.67 per cent and 51.66 percent with medium adoption. The characteristics ofthe demonstrator farmers such as risk orientation and cropping intensity are positively and highly significantly associated with the extent of adoption.
COLLABORATIVE COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES AMONG FARMERS FOR AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS IN NORTH WEST PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Moagi T M , Oladele O. I
Published: October 2015

This study conceptualized collaborative communication activities as activities which serve as communication interphase among different actors in the agricultural innovation system. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 50 farmers from which data were collected with structured and face validated questionnaire and analysed with SPSS version 21 by using frequency counts, percentages, and multiple regression analysis. The results show that prominent activities were joint problem identification (68%), joint field days (74%) and evaluation field visits (72%). Significant determinants of farmers' collaborative communication activities were age (t = -1.999, p<0.05) and knowledge of agricultural innovation systems (t =2.898, p<0.05).