bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
faktor determinan perilaku cuci tangan pakai sabun pada masyarakat
Authors: saputra dony riki
Published: December 2018

Salah satu faktor yang dianggap penting untuk pembangunan kesejahteraan penduduk di Indonesia adalah kesehatan. Berdasarkan data dari WHO, diare dan ISPA (Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut) yang merupakan penyakit menular masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Dari data yang diperoleh pada tahun 2015 di Kecamatan Kenjeran Kota Surabaya memiliki masalah kesehatan dengan angka penderita diare dan ISPA yang cukup tinggi yakni 2.467 kasus diare dan sebanyak 15.207 kasus untuk penderita ISPA. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mencari informasi tentang hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap perilaku Cuci Tangan Pakai Sabun (CTPS) di Kelurahan Tanah Kalikedinding. Metode penelitian merupakan analitik dengan pendekatan crosssectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh masyarakat di Tanah Kalikedinding. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 70 orang yang dipilih dengan menggunakan cara simplerandom sampling. Variabel penelitian yaitu jenis kelamin, umur, pengetahuan, pendidikan, pekerjaan, sikap dan perilaku CTPS. Diperoleh data primer dari hasil wawancara dan kuesioner, untuk data sekunder diperoleh dari data puskesmas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor determinan pada masyarakat dalam perilaku CTPS terbagi menjadi tiga yaitu faktor pendorong, faktor pemungkin dan faktor penguat. Maka perlu dilakukan upaya kegiatan penyuluhan yang terprogram, berkelanjutan, upaya evaluasi dan monitoring secara berkala dalam setiap program kegiatan CTPS pada masyarakat serta melibatkan kerjasama lintas sektor dalam setiap program CTPS pada masyarakat.
The Law of Suffering
Authors: Yu Xiaoyang
Published: December 2018

The only guideline for decision making of every conscious being, is to minimize the suffering it perceived. I named this guideline the Law of Suffering.
PENGARUH MARKETING MIX TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PARFUM DI AZZWARS PARFUM LUBEG PADANG
Authors: Andika Alfanda , Susanti Febsri
Published: December 2018

Influence of Marketing Mix Buying Decision Against Perfume at Perfume Azzwars Lubeg Padang". Research was conducted on Azzwars Perfume Lubeg Padang. The purpose of this study were: 1) to analyze the influence of the effect of variable products, the purchase decision perfume in Azzwars Perfume Lubeg Padang, 2) to analyze the influence of variables influence the price, the purchase decision perfume in Azzwars Perfume Lubeg Padang, 3) to analyze the influence of variables influence the place, Decision to purchase perfume at Azzwars perfume Lubeg Padang, 4) to analyze the influence of variables sale, the purchase decision perfume fragrances Azzwars Lubeg Padang. This type of research is qualitative research. The object of this study is Azzwars Perfume Lubeg Padang. Data analysis method used is descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the research results obtained the following conclusions: 1) The product does not significantly influence the purchase decision of consumers Azzwars Perfume Lubeg Padang. 2) The price does not significantly influence the purchase decision of consumers Azzwars Perfume Lubeg Padang, 3) place significant effect on the purchase decision of consumers Azzwars Perfume Lubeg Padang, 4) Promotion does not significantly influence the purchase decision of consumers Azzwars Perfume Lubeg Padang, 5) Marketing Mix effect positive and significant impact on consumer purchase decision Azzwars Perfume Lubeg Padang.
Adaptation and Validation of a Short French Version of the Affective Style Questionnaire
Authors: Makowski Dominique , Sperduti Marco , Piolino Pascale
Published: December 2018

Emotion regulation (ER) plays an important role in psychological well-being. Therefore, its valid assessment is a crucial step in the investigation of the interindividual differences linked to effective ER. Adapting and validating a French version of the Affective Style Questionnaire (ASQ) and test its predictive power in detecting mood disorders. We administered to a large sample - 1277 participants - a brief (12 items) French version of the Affective Style Questionnaire (ASQ). We tested convergent validity by investigating its links with mindfulness trait and life satisfaction. Moreover, using a machine learning approach, we tested whether ER features could predict the presence of self-reported mood disorders. We demonstrated a good convergent validity by reproducing the original factor structure. We also showed that the adjusting dimension, referring to the ability to flexibly modulate our emotional experience according to contextual demands, was associated with concurrent markers of psychological well-being such as dispositional mindfulness and life satisfaction. Moreover, this strategy was also related to a low probability of subjectively reporting suffering from a mood disorder. Our results highlighted adjusting as an adaptive ER strategy. Practical implications for psychotherapeutic approaches of mood disorders are discussed.
Different Patterns of Attention Bias in Worry and Rumination
Authors: Hur Juyoen , Gaul Kelly , Berenbaum Howard
Published: December 2018

In two studies with college student participants, we explored the ways in which worry and rumination may be similar or distinct. Towards that end, as part of our research, we developed new laboratory measures of worry and rumination. In Study 1, we examined how the new lab instruments we developed differentiate worry vs. rumination and initiation vs. termination. We did so by comparing them with two other measurement methods of worry and rumination, ecological momentary assessment and questionnaires. We found that the laboratory measures were reasonably able to differentiate worry from rumination, but not initiation from termination. In Study 2, we further examined the relationship between attentional biases to threat/danger and loss/failure (using the dot probe task) and both worry and rumination to explore the nature of distinctions between worry and rumination. We found different patterns of attentional bias associated with worry and rumination. Worry was associated with bias away from threat. In contrast, rumination was associated with bias toward loss/failure. The results of the two studies suggest that there are some meaningful differences between worry and rumination. The implications of the current findings are discussed.
Use of Genetic Algorithm on Optimal Power Flow: An Illustration of Transmission Line Loss Minimization
Authors: Lamichhane Bishal , Luintel Mahesh Chandra
Published: December 2018

This paper presents the usefulness and effectiveness of Genetic Algorithm on solving Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem formulation of a real world power system. Optimization is a broad concept that is generally directly or indirectly related to cost factor. In this case, transmission lines loss minimization is presented as the objective of optimization problem formulation keeping all other technical factors and parameters under operating constraints. Results of this study, presented in the Integrated Nepal Power System (INPS) transmission line network show that the Genetic Algorithm is effective method to optimize the power flow via assigned objective of transmission loss minimization in much quicker and effective way when compared to conventional Newton-Rapshon method.
Survey Inter-Reference Recency Based Page Replacement Policies to Cope with Weak Locality Workloads
Authors: Saud Arjun Singh
Published: December 2018

Least recently used (LRU) makes bold assumption on recency factor only which made LRU miss behave with weak locality workloads. If the “frequency”, of each page reference is taken into consideration, it will perform better in the case where workload has weak locality. Frequency count leads to serious problem after a long duration of reference stream because it cannot cope with change in locality. Reuse distance or inter reference recency (IRR) of a block is equal to number of distinct pages accessed between recent consecutive or correlated access of that particular block. Many recent variations of LRU use IRR rather than recency such that LRU can be made friendly with weak locality workloads. This papers surveys LRU variants that use IRR to make page replacement decision.
Antioksidacijska varijabilnost sjemena u glavnim i marginalnim populacijama libanonoskog cedra (Cedrus libani A. Rich.)
Authors: Ayan Sezgin , Ducci Fulvio , Barş Özel Halil , Šeho Muhidin , Nurten Yer Esra , Turfan Nezahat
Published: December 2018

Genetska raznolikost je osnova za prilagodbu i opstanak vrsta drveća u promjenjivim uvjetima okoline te predstavlja ključni uvjet stabilnosti i produktivnosti šumskih ekosustava. Predmet ovog istraživanja su glavne i marginalne populacije libanonskog cedra (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) zbog njihove važnosti u očuvanju gena. Procjena genetske varijabilnosti u izoliranim populacijama od velike je važnosti za programe očuvanja i poboljšanja. U uvjetima djelovanja globalnih klimatskih promjena populacije mogu posjedovati genotipove budućeg prilagodljivog potencijala. Cilj ove studije je utvrditi: (a) količinu prolina, za bolje razumijevanje stresa uzrokovanog nedostatkom vode u populaciji, (b) ukupnih topljivih proteina, MDA, H202, a-amilaze te (c) varijabilnosti antioksidansa kao CAT, SOD, APX i GuPX kod sjemena pet glavnih populacija (AND-Kahramanmaraş-Andırın/Elmadağı, POZ-Adana-Pozantı/Pozantı, ANA-Mersin-Anamur/Abanoz, FIN-Antalya-Finike/Aykırıçay and KAS-Antalya-Kaş/Karaçay) i jedne marginalne populacije Amasya-Tokat-Niksar/Çatalan (NIK) u Turskoj. Prema dobivenim rezultatima, značajna razlika je otkrivena među populacijama. Značajno veće količine prolina otkrivene su za populaciju ANA (7,46 μmol/g) i POZ (7,22 μmol/g), dok su najniže količine prolina otkrivene u populaciji KAS (3,98 μmol/g) koje predstavljaju optimalnu distribuciju libanonskog cedra. Ovaj rezultat pokazuje da su populacije POZ i ANA, u prijelaznoj zoni iz mediteranske regije do područja stepa, otpornije na mraz nego druge populacije. Najveća količina enzima α-amilaze detektirana je u POZ populaciji koja raste u optimalnom rasprostiranju libanonskog cedra. Značajno više razine H2O2 detektirane su u populacijama NIK (11,97μmol/g) i ANA (11,60 μmol/g), što ukazuje na veće razine oksidacijskog stresa u uzorcima sjemena iz tih populacija. Ovim istraživanjem potvrđeno je da su enzimi poput SOD, CAT, GuPXi APX koji kontroliraju razine reaktivnih vrsta kisika (ROS) u biljnim stanicama, elementi antioksidacijskog obrambenog sustava koji djeluju kao zaštitni mehanizmi biljaka protiv stresnih stanja. S praktičnog gledišta, poboljšanje pošumljavanja može se postići na stepi Srednje Anatolijske regije koja posjeduje značajane površine za pošumljavanje u Turskoj, primjenom šumskog reprodukcijskog materijala iz populacija POZ i ANA koje pokazuju veću otpornosti na stres, kao i populacije NIK koja je izolirana i marginalna.
Tracking Predictive Gantt Chart for Proactive Rescheduling in Stochastic Resource Constrained Project Scheduling
Authors: Brčić Mario , Mlinarić Danijel
Published: December 2018

Proactive-reactive scheduling is important in the situations where the project collaborators need to coordinate their efforts. The coordination is mostly achieved through the combination of the shared baseline schedule and the deviation penalties. In this paper, we present an extension of predictive Gantt chart to the proactive-reactive scheduling needs. It can be used to track the evolution of the relationship between dynamic and static elements through the time. The dynamic elements are evolving probability distributions due to the uncertainty and revealed information. The static elements are time-agreements in the baseline schedule. We demonstrate that in the state-of-the-art proactive-reactive scheduling, the baseline schedule is agnostic to the information received during the project execution. The sources of such inflexibility in
the problem model and the scheduling methods are analyzed. The visualization is highlighted as a precursor to developing new methods that proactively change the baseline schedule in accordance with the gained information.
Some relationships between soil and nutrient requirements and nutrient supply of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) with respect to types grown in Hungary
Authors: Terbe I.
Published: December 2018

Exports and local marketability of both pepper protected cultivation and open field pepper production depend on whether we succeed in the near future achieving developments capable of bringing about significant improvement of yield and quality, as well as enhanced yield security. Results from experiments and surveys carried out on farms involved in production suggest that nutrient management is one of the factors whose development could considerably improve the marketability of pepper. Technological improvements in the field of nutrient supply are also urged by the more and more demanding environmental regulations, so it is inevitable to introduce a balanced system of nutrient supply system for pepper as well. The article is a collection and summary of the relevant results of 30-year experimental work in Hungary.
Field trials with non-bactericide products to control fire blight in apple orchards
Authors: Bubán T. , Sallai P. , Deme J.
Published: December 2018

Recently, novel strategies and chemical agents for prophylactic protection against the bacterial (Erwinia amylovora) disease fire blight are being sought. Resistance-inducing compounds, such as prohexadione-Ca represent promising alternatives. Prohexadione-Ca is the active ingredient of the bioregulator Regalis, currently being introduced in several European countries and overseas. Another product used in this study was Biomit Plussz, a leaf fertiliser providing harmonic supply of nutrient elements, the complete supply is assumed to improve the tolerance against diseases.

Treatments' effects of both of these products were compared to the effectiveness of treatments with antibiotics repeated twice, three or four times a season.

In the years of 2001 and 2002, the effectiveness of both Regalis and Biomit Plussz in reduction of incidence of shoot blight was similar, or proved to be superior to the check treatments consisting of repeated sprayings of antibiotics. Last year (2003) treatments of streptomycin resulted — although within the same magnitude — in a somewhat better control of shoot blight than sprayings with the other compounds.

As regards severity of blossom blight, inconsistent results were recorded concerning both Regalis and Biomit Plussz.

In general, prohexadione-Ca is less efficient for controlling flower infection by E. amylovora as compared to shoot infections, since successful prophylactic treatments are difficult to carry out early in the season. The highest effectiveness in fire blight management can, therefore, be achieved by using prohexadione-Ca (as preventive protection) in combination with streptomycin or other suitable antibiotics (as curative protection).
The impact of location, row direction, plant density and rootstock on the sunburn damage of apple cultivars
Authors: Racskó J. , Nagy J. , Szabó Z. , Major M. , Nyéki J.
Published: December 2018

The effect of row direction (N-S, E-W), plant density (conventional and intensive) and rootstock (M9, MM106 and crab apple) on the sensitivity of 41 apple cultivars to sunburn injury was studied at 6 locations (Derecske, Kálmánáaza, Nagykutas, Nagylapos, Siófok, Tornyospálca).

During the observations the cultivars had rootstock-specific properties in respect of sunburn-susceptibility. Accordingly, the injury was decreased in the order: M9, MM106 and seedling rootstocks. The differences in sensitivity depend on the canopy of trees, caused finally by the growing vigour of rootstocks. Accordingly, the highest value of sunburn injury was observed on M9 rootstock, because this rootstock has a dwarfing effect upon the scion cultivars. Thus, vegetative area of these trees grow very slowly and the foliage is not enough compact to protect the fruit from solar radiation. The size and density of the foliage increased in the order: M9, MM 106 and crab apple seedling as rootstock. Moreover, relationships were demonstrated between the diameter of upper part of the crown, the leaf area, the number of fruits per tree and the injury of sunburn.

Authors categorized the cultivars in respect of values of sunburn incidence: 1. „Not sensitive", II. „Moderately sensitive" and HI. „Strongly sensitive" categories were constituted. Generally, Topaz and Gala cultivars showed low damage (or were free from symptoms), in contrast to this, Golden mutants suffered relatively much. The most sensitive cultivar was Jonica on all the three rootstocks. We searched for relationship between the fruit quality parameters and the frequency of sunburn. Significant correlation was found in the cases of fruit size and the extent of cover-colour. The latter is interpreted with the fact that the best coloured fruits are found on the periphery of crown as a consequence of more intense irradiation.
Effects of aromatic cytokinins on structural characteristics of leaves and their post- effects on subsequent shoot regeneration from in vitro apple leaves of 'Royal Gala'
Authors: Dobránszky J. , Jámbor-Benczúr E. , Reményi M. L. , Magyar-Tábori K. , Hudák I. , Kiss E. , Galli Z.
Published: December 2018

The effects of different aromatic cytokinins applied in different concentrations and combinations were investigated on the histology of in vitro apple leaves and their post-effects on subsequent shoot regeneration from these leaves were studied. Great differences in the anatomical structure of leaves could be detected originating from media containing different types and concentrations of aromatic cytokinins. The number of regenerated shoots per explant and the organogenetic index were used for the evaluation of the post-effect of aromatic cytokinins on shoot regeneration. The histological structure of leaves used for regeneration and their regeneration response showed a good correlation. When the pre-treatment caused a juvenile-like or less-differentiated structure, the number of regenerated shoots per explant increased and often vitrification also decreased and consequently the organogenetic index also increased. A strong interaction between cytokinin-content (type and concentration) of the pre-treatment medium and that of the regeneration medium could also be detected.
Micropropagation of Rudbeckia hirta L. from seedling explants
Authors: Szarvas P. , Zsila-André A. , Kováts Z. , Fári M. G.
Published: December 2018

We conducted experiments for developing an in vitro micropropagation protocol starting from meristems of Rudbeckia hirta L seedlings. We pre-soaked the seeds in sterile ion-exchanged water for 17 hours, and then achieved surface disinfection in two separate steps. First, we used concentrated household sodium-hypochloride solution for 20 minutes and, also for 20 minutes, we applied hydrogen peroxide of 10%, which was followed by washing with sterile ion-exchanged water three times. For the propagation of seedling meristems, the combination of half-strenght solid Murashige and Skoog (1962) culture medium containing 10 mg/1 of kinetin or 2 mg/I of kinetin + 0.1 mg/1 of 2iP proved to be the most suitable. The average number of shoot-buds developed from the seedling axillary meristem in the best culture media varied between 5 and 17. Without separating them, we inoculated the shoot-bud clusters on MS culture medium containing 2 mg/1 of IAA. After four weeks of incubation we obtained elongated shoots which we separated and inoculated into a new culture medium and we obtained elongated roots. The rooted plants were gradually acclimatised in the cultivation room, potted and carried to a greenhouse, and then planted in open field for subsequent observation. By adopting this method, our laboratory started the micropropagation of the superior and/or elite genotypes of the Rudbeckia hirta L. being of special value in respect of breeding.
Total anthocyanine content and antioxidant density of some Hungarian sour cherry varieties
Authors: Veres Zs. , Holb I. J. , Nyéki J. , Szabó Z. , Fári M. G.
Published: December 2018

Evidence suggests that a diet high in fruits and vegetables may decrease the risk of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, and phytochemicals including phenolics, flavonoids and carotenoids from fruits and vegetables may play a key role in reducing chronic disease risk. Recent research has proven that sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) is a valuable natural source of some bioactive compounds important in human health preservation. In our work, we identified the total antioxidant activity, anthocyanine content and "antioxidant density" of sour cherry varieties named "Újfehértói fürtös", "Debreceni bőtermő", "Kántorjánosi" and "Érdi bőtermő" and those of the "Bosnyák" sour cherry clones. "Antioxidant density" is a biological value indicator obtained in a synthetic way, which indicates the antioxidant capacity of the particular food, e. g. fruit and vegetable, related to 1 Calorie.
Effect of maturity stage on content, color and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karsten) fruit
Authors: Helyes L. , Dimény J. , Pék Z. , Lugasi A.
Published: December 2018

Soluble solids (Brix°), carbohydrate, organic acid, lycopene, polyphenols and HMF content of indeterminate round type tomato Lemance F1 fruits were measured in six ripeness stages from mature green to deep red stage. Color of fruits was determined by CIELab system. The L*, a*, b* values were received directly and used to calculate from which the a*/b* and the chroma were calculated. The Brix', carbohydrate, lycopene and HMF content were the highest in the 6111 stake (deep red). Carbohydrate contents constitute nearly 50% of the Brix°. The mature green stage had the lowest acid content but in subsequent stages it was fundamentally unchanged. Polyphenol content changed little during fruit ripening. Lycopene content changed significantly during maturation and accumulated mainly in the deep red stage. Analyses showed that a*/b* was closely correlated with lycopene and can be used to characterize stages of maturity in fresh tomatoes.
The effects of growth regulators in proliferation of Sorbus redliana 'Burokvölgy'
Authors: Ördögh M. , Jámbor-Benczúr E. , Tilly Mándy A. , Lelik L.
Published: December 2018

The Hungarian cultivar Sorbus redliana 'Burokvölgy' was proliferated on Murashige and Skoog (MS, 1962) medium with half-strength macroelements and 100 mg/1 meso-inositol, 20 g/1 sucrose, 11 g/1 agar-agar. Different combinations of kinetin (KIN), metatopolin (mT), benzyladenine (BA), benzyladenine-ribosid (BAR) and indolebutiric acid (IBA) were tested, and pH was adjusted to 5.6 every case using KOH. The cultures were incubated at 20-24 °C in 8/16 hours dark/light photoperiod for 50-52 days. The main aim of our research was to find the optimal growth regulator and its optimum concentration. Purthermore, to determine the chlorophyll contents of the in vitro propagated plants' leaves. During the proliferation, the highest number of shoots were observed in the case of using BA + IBA, and on the medium containing 0.75 mg/I BA + 0.05 mg/1 IBA 8.93 shoots were found. The addition of KIN + IBA decreased the number of shoots and increased the sizes of leaves — the widest (11.2 mm) and longest (17.8 mm) leaves were obtained on the medium containing 1.00 mg/I KIN + 0.05 mg/1 IBA. The longest shoots (36.46 mm) were found in the case of applying 0.75 mg/1 BAR + 0.05 mg/I IBA. The BA + KIN + IBA combination resulted the shortest shoots. Sometimes not only shoot regeneration but spontaneous rooting was observed during the multiplication. The highest chlorophyll content (1.569 mg/g total chlorophyll, 1.132 mg/g chlorophyll-a, 0.437 mg/g chlorophyll-b) was obtained in the presence of 1.0 mg/I KIN + 0.05 mg/1 IBA.
Comparative evaluation of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) populations from different origin
Authors: Gosztola B. , Németh E. , Sárosi S. , Szabó K. , Kozák A.
Published: December 2018

In our research project under cultivation we examined 4 cultivars ('Soroksári 40', 'Lutea , 'Goral', 'Bona') and 28 wild populations of chamomile assuring all of them the same environmental conditions. Plant height, flower-diameter, essential-oil content, and the main terpenoid and flavonoid composition were analysed. The aim of our study was to establish the genetic background of breeding a new cultivar as well as encircle those natural habitats that give chamomile drug with the best quality.

In the case of plant height populations from the Great Hungarian Plain were lower than plants from Transdanubia and the control cultivars. Between the wild and the standard individuals we found significant differences with relevance to the flower-diameter. With regard to the essential oil content the populations were very heterogeneous even those, which came from the same habitat. Populations form Transdanubia and Nagyiván reached the essential oil level of the cultivars (0.721-0.931 gi100g), and 75% of the examined plants exceeded the minimum requirement of the PhHg VIII.

According to the essential oil composition our previous statement was confirmed that in the populations of Transdanubia and Northern part of Danube—Tisza Mid Region the main component is bisabolol-oxide A (30-41.2%), while plants native to the territory cast of the river Tisza are mainly characterised by a-bisabolol (32.3-48.4). In some samples the ratio of bisabolol-oxide B was more than 10%. The chamazulene content was higher in the cultivars selected to this component (above 20%), than in the wild populations (varied between 1.22 and 17.2%). Populations originated from the central part of Hortobágy region had extremely high apigenin content (10-13 mg/g), but in the case of chlorogenic acid, hyperoside and quercitrin we did not find any differences affected by the origin.
Fruit drop: I. Specific characteristics and varietal properties of fruit drop
Authors: Racskó J. , Nagy J. , Soltész M. , Nyéki J. , Szabó Z.
Published: December 2018

The basic conditions of fruit set (synchronic bloom, transfer of pollen, etc.) still do decide definitely the fate of the flower in spite of the best weather conditions. Beyond a set quantity of fruits, the tree is unable to bring up larger load. A system of autoregulation works in the background and causes the drop of a fraction of fruits in spite of the accomplished fertilisation and the equality of physiological precedents. This study discuss this physiological process based on the international specific literature. The further development of fruits maintained on the tree depends mainly on the growing conditions (e.g. water, supply of nutrients, weather adversities, pruning, fruit thinning, biotic damages, etc.), which may cause on their own turn fruit drop especially at the time of approaching maturity.
Review of sweet and sour cherry incompatibility
Authors: Békefi Zs.
Published: December 2018

Cherry incompatibility has widely been studied from the beginning of the twentieth century. As a consequence of the valuable results cherry has become a model for incompatibility research of other plant species. This study provides a detailed information about incompatibility of sweet and sour cherry based on several Hungarian and international literature sources from the last 100 years. The study gave details about the traditional and molecular base of incompatibility of sweet and sour cherry.
Spectral properties of strawberry plants
Authors: M. Deák Sz. , Márk G. I. , Szabó T. , Füleky Gy.
Published: December 2018

Strawberry varieties were studied in 3 different growing areas of different soil- and ecological properties in Hungary. We have measured the optical spectra of the leaves together with their nutrient content and performed sensory examinations on the deep frozen and melted fruit. The 6 varieties were Elsanta, Marianna, Spadeka, Symphony, Camarosa, and Raurica. The 3 sites were Újfehértó, Pölöske, and Kecskemet. Colour of the leaves was characterised by their lightness and dominant wavelength. Under non-optimal soil and ecological conditions the varieties could be distinguished by their colour — the leaves became lighter and more yellow. The fruits did not produce the genetically determined taste if the plant can not grow in optimal circumstances — we found a negative correlation between the leaf colour in flowering time and the fruit flavour. Leaf colour measurements performed in flowering time make it possible to improve fruit quality by changing the nutrient supply between flowering and ripening.
Epidemiological survey of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis and Gnomonia leptostyla on natural population of walnut (Juglans regia) in eastern Transylvania
Authors: Thiesz R. , Bandi A. , Tóth M. , Balog A.
Published: December 2018

In Romania, walnut Juglans regia L. is an important fruit crop, although most of the fruit production comes from non-grafted walnut trees, which are natural hybrids. Breeding programs have been launched during last 30 years to develop new cultivars with uniform fruit quality. In addition, foreign cultivars have been introduced and tested to establish a valuable walnut genepool. To improve the present assortment of generative rootstocks in walnut and to examine the infestation level, a long term survey was carried out in Eastern Transylvania. The main physical characteristics of fruits and its variation to the infestation level were considered. The cumulative distribution of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis and Gnomonia leptostyla were relatively low and the maximum value was around 15%. The highest infestation of husk with X. arboricola pv. juglandis was observed for roundish forms and differences were statistically significant comparing with other phenotypes. Infestation with G. leptostyla was similar for roundish, elliptic and thwarting egg-shaped phenotypes, while the husk infestation for egg-shaped phenotypes was not observed. The walnut population studied in our experiment can be considered as a genetically valuable population. More than 20% of them have upper class quality fruits with at least or more than 50% of nutmeat. Do to the large scale climate variation in Eastern Transylvania and the high humidity favourable for pathogen infestations, these population can be considered resistant and well adapted to abiotic and biotic factors.
The expression of the primigenic dominance in the flowering and fruit set of selected apple cultivars on different growth inducing rootstocks
Authors: Racskó J. , Szabó Z. , Apáti F. , Nyéki J.
Published: December 2018

Authors investigated the expression of the primigenic dominance in the flowering and fruit from open and self pollination of four apple cultivars ('Gala Royal', 'Golden Smoothee', Pink Lady' and 'Vista Bella') during two consecutive years in Western Hungary on three different growth inducing rootstocks (M. 9, MM. 106 and seedling). There were not significant differences in the effect of the rootstocks on the flowering order in a flower cluster. Significant difference in the fruit set in open pollination was found among individual flowers in a cluster, mostly between the king bloom and the second flower. The rate of the fruit set from self-pollination was very low without any significant difference among individual flowers in the cluster.
Test of the utility of apple retrotransposon insertion patterns for molecular identification of 'Jonathan' somatic mutants
Authors: Galli Zs. , Wichmann B. , Kiss E. , Szabó T. , Heszky L.
Published: December 2018

Up until today, apple sport mutants proved to be indistinguishable from each other and their progenitors at the molecular level using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker techniques. This is not surprising, since the genomes of these somatic mutants differ only in one or a few small regions that affect economically important characteristics, such as improved fruit colour, size, or flavour. In most cases, these genome differences are probably caused by retrotransposons which are able to convert their RNA transcripts to DNA with reverse transcriptase enzyme prior to reinsertion, but unable to leave the genome and infect other cells. Retrotransposon insertions can alter the expression of other genes and/or the structure of encoded proteins. The sequence-specific amplified polymorphism (S-SAP) technique is capable of revealing the genetic distribution of retrotransposable elements over the whole genome. The present study used this approach to try to characterize and distinguish 'Jonathan' somatic mutants via fingerprinting, which is an unsolved problem.
Relation of sour cherry blooming dynamics and meteorological variables
Authors: Lakatos L. , Szabó T. , Szabó Z. , Soltész M. , Nyéki J.
Published: December 2018

The aim of our research was to identify the role of weather parameters in the development of the start date and length of blooming. In order to achieve this, we examined how meteorological conditions of a particular year influence the start date and length of blooming in different years (dry, wet, cool, hot, sunny, cloudy). The meteorological parameters were the following: maximum temperature, minimum temperature, average temperature, precipitation, length of sunlight, difference of daytime and nightime temperatures, potential evaporation-PET, Huglin-index,Winkler-index, climatic water balance which can be calculated as a difference of precipitation and potential evaporation. In this study we wanted to find out whether early start of blooming results in a longer blooming period or if there is a generally faster blooming period when blooming starts later. Based on the results we can say that early start of blooming resulted in extended blooming period for three sour cherry varieties at the examined production sites. The start of blooming showed the closest relation with the difference of average daytime and nightime temperatures of the 30-day period prior to blooming. Significant relation was also detected with the thermic indexes as well as with maximum temperatures, climatic water balance and the degree of potential evaporation.We examined how weather 30 days prior and during blooming influenced the length of phases. Results showed that precipitation prior and during blooming is in significant relation with the length of blooming. We detected significant relation between daytime and nightime temperature differences and the length of blooming. The nature of the relation indicates that blooming periods were shorter in case of increasing temperature differences.We found that shorter blooming lengths occurred when maximum temperatures averaged between 13.5–14.5 ºC 30 days prior to blooming when examining the relation between blooming length and maximum temperature. If the average of maximum temperatures was below 13 ºC or exceeded 15 ºC during this period, then we could calculate with a blooming period longer than ten days. We proved that little precipitation and high temperature accelerates physiological processes, therefore we could calculate with an accelerated blooming and shorter blooming period.
Influence of environment in electro-chemical quality of tomato
Authors: Kaciu S. , Shala-Mayrhofer V. , Mirecki N. , Aliu S. , Jezik K.
Published: December 2018

The aim of the research was to investigate the impact of different cultivation environments of tomato cultivars, the electro-chemical and the qualitative traits of the tomato fruits. The quality of tomato fruit harvesting was evaluated at the Laboratory of Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna. Two hybrids of tomatoes were tested Belle-F1 and AmaF1, in two locations and two different treatments (open field and plastic tunnels). Model of experimental fields was based on random method and included three replications. Following parameters were analyzed and tested: pH, Rh, P-Value, Nitrates and the content of vitamin C. The values of pH for treatment in the open field and indoor production system were not significant (4.47 to 5.05). For P-Value derived from the two treatments the maximal values were without significant differences, while minimal values were significant. Study has shown also that the highest values of nitrate content (16.34 mg, open field) compared to average value differences were + 0.384 mg or 43.83% higher. In indoor production the nitrate content was lower in compared with plants cultivated in open fields, so these differences were +3.81 mg or 26.4 0%, and highly significant for both levels. In relation to vitamin C content, the highest value was identified in the indoor systemof 298.6mg, with variations from the overall average of 16.43% or + 42.15 mg. The coefficient of variation values for both levels was of 29.96 respectively 27.31%.
Storability of some apricot varieties as affected by storage period
Authors: Ezzat A. , Nyéki J. , Soltész M. , Amriskó L. , Balázs G. I. , Mikita T. , Szabó Z.
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study was the estimation of storability of 10 apricot varieties in regard to percentage fruit weight loss, firmness, acidity and T.S.S in fruit during storage periods from one week to 4 weeks. All the variety gave the same trend as all of them loss weight, firmness decreased, acidity and T.S.S decreased but the differences were not the same in all varieties. in case of some varieties the percentage of fruit weight loss reached to about 9 % after 28 days also the differences between varieties in two seasons refer that this character is determined by genetic factors beside effect of environmental and agriculture factors.
Apple powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera leucotricha: some aspects of disease management
Authors: Holb I. J.
Published: December 2018

Apple powdery mildew (Podoshphaera leucorticha) occurs wherever apples are grown. One of the most important fungal disease of apple which causing severe econimic loss on susceptible apple cultivars. This review focuses on the control of apple powdery mildew. The first part of the study provides details of novel aspects of non-chemical control approaches, including agronomic measures, mechanical and biological control options as well as essential features of apple cultivar resistance. After this, developments in chemical control options are described sperately for integrated and organic apple orchards.
Comparison of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis isolates from walnut trees grown in Romania and Hungary
Authors: Bandi A.
Published: December 2018

Among diseases that affect walnut, bacterial blight is considered the most important one in all walnut growing areas both from Hungary and Romania. For the determination of susceptibility/resistance of walnut cultivars in our posterior work planned, 61 bacterial isolates were collected from walnuts showing symptoms of blight, with the purpose of isolating Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis (Xaj). The characteristic Xaj colonies, frequently present as saprophytes in the infected plant tissues, were separated from other bacteria according to their morphology, yellow colour, hydrolysis of starch, and oxidation of glucose. All isolates were tested for pathogenicity by hypersensitive reaction on tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tabacum L.), bean pods (Phaseolus vulgaris L) and unripe nuts (Juglans regia L.). Determination of taxonomy of the selected isolates denotes a possible subdivision (races, biotypes) of Xaj occurring in different geographical areas, API 20NE and API 50CH kits were used. Hungarian and Romanian strains showed a high degree of similarity of carbohydrate utilization but slightly differed from the type strain. All were Cu-sensitive.
The antioxidant capacity of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berries depends on the genotype and harvest time
Authors: Makovics-Zsohár N. , Hegedűs A. , Stefanovits-Bányai É. , Rédei R. , Papp N.
Published: December 2018

Berries of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) are characterized by increasing popularity due to their presumable healtheffects. The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant capacity and total polyphenolic content in the berries of six Hungarian grown sea buckthorn genotypes and characterize the genetic variability in this trait. The harvest time of sea buckthorn berries affects the antioxidant capacity and total phenolic contents in berries of three popular cultivars of German origin. Berries harvested in October had higher antioxidant capacity compared with those harvested one month later. The extent of the difference was genotype-specific. Our analysis revealed a nearly 3-fold difference between the lowest and highest antioxidant capacities of the 6 tested genotypes with ‘Leikora’ showing the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power and total phenolic content. The TEAC values ranged between 1.76 and 3.13 mmol Trolox/100g fresh weight with Pető 1 and ‘Frugana’ having the highest values. The results presented in this study demonstrated that Hippophae rhamnoides berries possess in vitro antioxidant activity strongly determined by genotype but also influenced by harvest time.
In vitro comparative study of two Arundo donax L. ecotypes’ selenium tolerance
Authors: Domokos-Szabolcsy É. , Alla N. A. , Alshaal T. , Sztrik A. , Márton L. , El-Ramady H.
Published: December 2018

Selenium tolerance of two somatic embryo-derived Arundo donax L. ecotypes (Blossom, 20SZ) were compared in in vitro culture. Sodium-selenate (1 – 100 mg L-1) as known the most phytoavailable selenium form and the less studied red elemental nanoselenium (100 mg L-1) were applied as selenium treatments. Basis on the results Blossom ecotype seemed to be more sensitive to the sodium-selenate than 20SZ. Inhibiting effect of selenate was effectuated above 10 mg L-1 in case of Blossom, which was manifested in decreased survival rate and growing parameters. Contrast to this 20SZ could tolerate the selenate ≤ 20 mg L-1 without any toxic symptoms. Lower selenate tolerance of Blossom could be explained with higher selenium accumulation. Both of two ecotypes could also uptake and accumulate the red elemental nanoselenium however in much less extent compared to selenate.
Association of European plum varieties in the orchards
Authors: Szabó Z. , Nyéki J. , Andrásfalvy A. , Soltész M.
Published: December 2018

The flowering phenology, blooming time and inter-fertility relations of 63 European plum varieties has been studied at growing sites with different ecological conditions during a 10 year long period. The purpose was to develop a system of variety combinations which approaches an optimum in fertility as long as inter-fertility relations will cease to be a limiting factor of yield. According to their blooming time, varieties are assigned to 5 groups: very early, early, medium, late and very late. As for their fertility relations, four groups are formed: self-sterile (0%), partially self-fertile (0.1 to 10 %), self-fertile (10.1 to 20 %) and highly self-fertile (more than 20 % fruit set with self pollination). The four categories of fruit set at free pollination are also relevant to the grower: low (less than 10 %), medium (10 to 20 %), high (20 to 40 %) and very high (more than 40 % fruit set).

By artificial cross pollination, one combination Cacanska najbolja x Stanley proved to be mutually inter-incompatible. Blocks planted to a single self-sterile variety flanking a pollinizer variety proved the spacial distribution of the pollen. The reduction in fruit set was already apparent in the second row away from the pollinizer trees. In a large plantation, without bee hives, relatively low yield was stated on self-sterile trees even close to the pollinizer.

In the case of self-sterile and partially self-fertile varieties, a combination of three varieties is recommended. The blooming period of the pollinizer variety should overlap the period of the self-sterile variety at least by 70 %, and the distance should not exceed 15 to 20 meters. Association of self-fertile varieties may also enhance the productivity of the trees. In that case an overlap of 50 % in blooming time and a maximum distance between the varieties of 30 to 40 meters will be sufficient.
New trends in selection of poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)
Authors: Bernáth J. , Németh É.
Published: December 2018

Since the isolation of morphine by Sertümer in 1805 more than 40 alkaloids have been isolated from the poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). Some of them have high biological-pharmacological activity and economical importance, while others have none, or restricted ones. The increasing demand for poppy alkaloids is the consequence of the widening of the medical application of morphine and its related compounds: the quantity of morphine used for the treatment of pain reached a record level of 17.9 tonnes in 1997, compared with an annual average of 2.2 tonnes used during the period 1978-1983. However, the production of raw material (either opium, or dried capsule is produced) has to be re-evaluated taking into consideration the UN Convention signed in 1988 against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. The countries were forced by the Convention to introduce new arrangements in poppy production including selection and introduction of new cultivars.

In the present work up to date results of poppy selection are reviewed explaining the biosynthetic and eco-physiological background of their alkaloid accumulation. The effectiveness and the possibilities of traditional selection methods as well as the probability of the application of biotransformation for producing cultivars accumulating low or high alkaloid content or plant material with special alkaloid spectrum (codeine, thebaine, narcotine) are discussed. The examples of Hungarian cultivars 'Monaco', 'Kék Gemona' and 'Tebona' are given in more detail.
Self pollination in peach
Authors: Szabó Z. , Nyéki J.
Published: December 2018

The peach is though considered to be a self fertile fruit species, also some self sterile and male sterile varieties have been registered. The latter type seems to be frequently met in Asian varieties, whereas in the USA and Europe, J. H. Hale and Flaminia are grown. The purpose of the present study was the assessment of fertility relations of peaches and nectarines grown in Hungary. The authors studied, since 1974, more than 100 different peach and nectarine varieties as for fertility relations, especially their autogamous or geitonogamous fruit set on isolated, i.e. bagged flowers at bud stage, then set free after blooming finished. Isolated flowers of some varieties were also self pollinated, artificially. According to the results the varieties have been assigned to four alternative groups. Self sterile varieties in the proper sense have not been found, but partial self sterility (less than 10% fruit set), self fertility (10 to 20% fruit set) and high self fertility (more than 20% fruit set on selfed flovters) was generally met. The majority of the varieties belonged to the last two groups, nevertheless. the rate of fruit set displayed seasonal variation, the maximum was in one case 89.9%. The purposeful self (hand)pollination of the isolated flowers increased fruit set, substantially. Varieties rated as partially self-sterile are J. H. Hale and Fuzador (the former being partially male sterile too). Although in some years and some varieties, fruit set legged below 10% but according to the means the majority of nectarines are assigned to the self fertile category whereas most peach varieties, either for fresh consumption or industrial types, were highly self fertile.