bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN RUMPUT LAUT (Eucheuma cottonii) TERHADAP KUALITAS SENSORIK DAN PROKSIMAT PUDING
Authors: Syafar Ahmad , Haslianti Haslianti , Asyik Nur
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT          The aims of this study are to determine the effect of seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) and mackerel scad fish (Decapterus spp.) ratio for the organoleptic, physical and chemical test of crackers. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which four treatments  P1 (FM 20%: S 5%: TF 75%), P2 (FM 15%: S 10%: TF 75%), P3 (FM 10% : S 15% : TF 75%) and P4 (FM 5%: S 20%: TF 75%) with three times replications. Observation data were analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) at the level of 95%, if there were significant differences (P> 0.05) then further testing was carried out by DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) at 95% significance level. The result showed that seaweed and mackerel scad meat ratio had a significant effect on sensory values (aroma, taste, and crispness). The best results for the sensory test were found in P1 where the taste and aroma value was 7.8 and 7.7, while the best result for texture, crispness, and appearance are 7.2, 4.3 and 7.3 was found in P4. The chemical test on crackers for protein, water content and crude fibre was 6,97% - 11,50%, 3,80% - 4,96% and 1,81-4,44% respectively. The physical test of the rising volume shows that P4 had the highest value with 92%. Keywords: Chemical test, Puding, Sea weed (Eucheuma cottonii), sensoryABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan rumput laut terhadap uji sensorik dan uji kimia puding rumput laut (E. cottonii). Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan yaitu : P1 = rumput laut 100g, P2= rumput laut 125g, P3=  rumput laut 150g, P4= rumput laut 200g dan ulangan sebanyak tiga kali. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisa menggunakan ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) pada taraf  95%, apabila terdapat berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) maka dilakukan uji lanjut dengan uji DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) pada taraf nyata 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh sangat nyata terhadap nilai sensori meliputi warna dan tekstur sedangkan rasa berpengaruh sangat nyata namun diperoleh pengaruh tidak nyata pada aroma.  Hasil terbaik untuk penilaian sensori terdapat pada perlakuan P4 yaitu dimana memiliki nilai rasa 4,26, tekstur 5,49, aroma 4,4, dan rasa 4,5. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar air antara 74,24%-68,49%, kadar abu 3,44%-3,30%, dan kadar protein 0,108%-0,133%.Kata kunci: Puding, Rumput laut (Eucheuma cottonii), sensori, Uji kimia
ANALISIS SENSORI, ANTIOKSIDAN DAN KANDUNGAN SERAT MINUMAN FUNGSIONAL RUMPUT LAUT Eucheuma spinosum DENGAN PENAMBAHAN RUMPUT LAUT Sargassum sp.
Authors: Muhtar Nur Inayah , Asnani Asnani , Rejeki Sri
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT          Eucheuma and Sargassum sp. has studied for their potential as a raw material for health product such as functional beverage and food supplements. This study aims to the sensory, antioxidant activity and the fiber content of jelly drinks by using two types of seaweed at different concentrations. Sensory assessment method based on descriptive testing of 25 panelists, antioxidants were measured using the DPPH method, and fiber content were measured based on gravimetric methods. This study used a Randomized Complete Design (CRD) with four treatments of  Eucheuma spinosum and Sargassum sp. at consecutive concentrations %:0%  (E7S0), 6%:1% (E6S1), 5%:2% (E5S2), 4%:3% (E4S3).  Based on the results of the test, showed that the different concentrations of seaweed significantly affected the sensory value of appearance, taste, smell, color, and texture. The highest hedonic test was E7S0, specifications of the resulting jelly drink that has a bright appearance and clean, bright purple, slightly felt and smelled of seaweed and has a chewy texture, antioxidant values (IC50 value) and crude fiber content of  E7S0 were 1122.9 ppm and 0.33%. Keywords: antioxidants, Eucheuma spinosum, Jelly drinks, Sargassum sp., crude fiberABSTRAKRumput laut jenis Eucheuma dan Sargassum sp. telah banyak diteliti potensinya sebagai bahan baku untuk produk kesehatan seperti minuman fungsional dan suplemen makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat sensori, aktivitas antioksidan dan kandungan serat minuman jelly dengan penggunaan dua jenis rumput laut pada konsentrasi yang berbeda. Metode penilaian sensori berdasarkan pengujian deskriptif 25 orang panelis, antioksidan diukur menggunakan meode DPPH, dan kadar serat diukur berdasarkan metode gravimetri. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkakap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan yaitu dengan penggunaan Eucheuma spinosum dan Sargassum sp. pada konsentrasi berturut-turut: 7%:0%  (E7S0), 6%:1% (E6S1), 5%:2% (E5S2), 4%:3% (E4S3). Berdasarkan  hasil uji, menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan konsentrasi rumput laut yang berbeda berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai sensori kenampakan, rasa, aroma, warna dan tekstur. Minuman jelly dengan nilai sensori tertinggi yaitu pada sampel E7S0, dengan spesifikasi minuman jelly yang dihasilkan memiliki kenampakan yang cerah, bersih dan menarik, berwarna ungu cerah, agak terasa dan tercium aroma rumput laut, serta memiliki tekstur yang kenyal. Kapasitas antioksidan (nilai IC50) dan  dan kandungan serat kasar pada sampel E7S0 masing-masing sebesar 1122,9 ppm sebesar 0,33%.Kata kunci: antioksidan, Eucheuma spinosum, minuman jelly, Sargassum sp., serat kasar
KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA DAN ORGANOLEPTIK NUGGET RAJUNGAN (Portunus pelagicus) DENGAN SUBSTITUSI SURIMI IKAN KEMBUNG (Rastrelliger sp.)
Authors: Yusra Yusra , Asnani Asnani , Rejeki Sri
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT         This research aims to study the effect of mackerel surimi substitution and the chemical composition of the nuggets. This study uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four treatments namely P1 (control) (100% crab meat: 0% surimi mackerel), P2 (70% crab meat: 30% mackerel surimi), P2 (crab meat 60%: mackerel surimi 60%) and P4 (50% crab meat: 50% mackerel surimi). The results of crab nugget research substituted with mackerel surimi obtained the best treatment organoleptic test obtained at P2 treatment with a fairly good panelist assessment. The best organoleptic test was found in the P2 treatment with the values of the color, aroma, texture, and taste parameters respectively 7.2, 6.2, 7.2 and 7.2. The highest crab fish substitution surimi crab nugget crab test on the P4 treatment with the value of water content, protein content and fat content was 45.25%. 29.79% and 4.61% respectively. Keywords: small crab, mackerel, nuggets, surimi, organoleptic test.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh substitusi surimi ikan kembung dan komposisi kimia nugget. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari empat perlakuan yaitu P1 (kontrol) (100% daging rajungan : 0% surimi ikan kembung), P2 (daging rajungan 70% : surimi ikan kembung 30%), P2 (daging rajungan 60% : surimi ikan kembung  60%) dan P4 (daging rajungan 50% : surimi ikan kembung 50%). Hasil penelitian nugget rajungan yang disubstitusikan dengan surimi ikan kembung diperoleh perlakuan terbaik uji organoleptik diperoleh pada perlakuan P2 dengan penilaian panelis yang cukup baik. Rerata uji organoleptik terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan P2 dengan nilai parameter warna, aroma, tekstur, dan rasa berturut-turut adalah 7,2, 6,2, 7,2 dan 7,2. Uji kimia nugget rajungan substitusi surimi ikan kembung tertinggi pada perlakuan P4 dengan nilai kadar air, kadar protein dan kadar lemak berturut-turut 45,25%. 29,79% dan 4,61%.Kata kunci: rajungan, ikan kembung, nugget, surimi, uji organoleptik.
KARAKTERISTIK MUTU KIMIA DAN MIKROBIOLOGI GURITA (Octopus sp.) KERING YANG DIPASARKAN DIKABUPATEN KONAWE UTARA SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Asman Asman , Isamu Kobajashi Togo , Suwarjoyowirayatno Suwarjoyowirayatno
Published: October 2021

Chemical and Microbiological Quality Characteristics of Dried Octopus (Octopus sp.) Marketed in North Konawe Regency Southeast Sulawesi ABSTRACT         The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of chemical composition (water, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate) and total bacteria (TPC) of dried Octopus. Data analysis of this study used descriptive analysis. The sampling technique of this study are used simple random sampling and used the survey method. The results of the highest chemical composition of the treatment was found at water content  S1 19.89%, ash S3 13.63%, protein S2 46.99%, fat S3 5.82% and carbohydrate S2 10.19%.  The best Total Plate Count (TPC) result was found at S2 3.8 × 104 Cfu/g Keywords: Chemical Test, Octopus (Octopus sp.) Dry, and Total Plate Count (TPC).ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik komposisi kimia (kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein, kadar lemak, dan kadar karbohidrat) dan total bakteri (TPC) terhadap gurita kering. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Teknik sampling yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah simple random sampling. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu metode survei. Hasil penelitian komposisi kimia perlakuan tertinggi kadar air terdapat pada S1 19.89%, kadar abu tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan S3 13.63%, kadar protein perlakuan tertinggi terdapat pada S2 46.99%, kadar lemak perlakuan tertinggi terdapat pada  S3 5.82% dan kadar karbohidrat perlakuan tertinggi terdapat pada S2 10.19%. Hasil Uji Total Plate Count (TPC) terendah terdapat pada S2 3.8×104 Cfu/g.Kata kunci: Gurita (Octopus sp.) kering, Total Plate Count (TPC) dan Uji Kimia.
KARAKTERISTIK MUTU DAN ORGANOLEPTIK PERMEN JELLY RUMPUT LAUT (Eucheuma spinosum)
Authors: Kamaluddin La Ode , Haslianti Haslianti , Sadimantara Muhammad Syukri
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT            The aim of this study was to determine the quality and organoleptic characteristics of seaweed jelly candy (E. spinosum). This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 3 treatments: P1 = Seaweed: sucrose: water = 100 gr: 100 gr: 30 ml, P2 = Seaweed: sucrose: water = 120: 100: 30 ml, P3 = Seaweed: sucrose: water = 140 gr: 100: 30 ml: with there times replication. Data from observations were analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) at a level of 95%, if there is a significant difference (P> 0.05) then a further test was performed with a DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) tests at a 95% significance level. The results obtained showed that the concentration of seaweed (E. spinosum), sucrose, and water significantly affected the color, texture, aroma, and taste of seaweed jelly candy. The best treatment was in of P1 with a color value of 3.42 with a category like P1 texture 3.90 with a very like category, P1 aroma 3.58 with a very like category, and P1 a taste of 3.98 with a very like category. The chemical value of seaweed jelly candy is the value of water content 10.16% -13.26%, ash content 0.32-0.44%, and protein content 2.92% -4.17%. Keywords: Chemical test. Jelly candy, seaweed (Eucheuma spinosum), sensory and sucroseABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik mutu dan organoleptik  permen jelly rumput laut (E. spinosum). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 3 perlakuan yaitu : P1 = Rumput laut: sukrosa : air = 100 gr : 100 gr: 30 ml, P2 = Rumput laut: sukrosa : air = 120 : 100 : 30 ml, P3 = Rumput laut : sukrosa : air = 140 gr : 100 : 30 ml : dan ulangan sebanyak tiga kali. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisa menggunakan ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) pada taraf 95%, apabila terdapat beda nyata (P>0,05) maka dilakukan uji lanjut dengan uji DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) pada taraf nyata 95%. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa Kosentrasi rumput laut (E. spinosum), sukrosa dan air berpengaruh nyata terhadap warna, tekstur, aroma dan rasa permen jelly rumput laut. Perlakuan terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan P1 dengan nilai warna sebesar 3,42 (suka), P1 tekstur 3,90 (sangat suka), P1 aroma 3,58 (sangat suka)dan P1 rasa 3,98 (sanagt suka). Nilai kimia permen jelly rumput laut yaitu nilai kadar air berkisar 10.16%-13.26%, kadar abu berkisar 0,32-0.44% dan kadar protein berkisar 2,92%-4.17%.Kata kunci: Uji kimia, pernen jelly, rumput laut (E. spinosum), sensorik dan sukrosa
Problems Faced by Caregivers of Alzheimer’s Patients
Authors: Talib Ansa , Malik Subha , Yasin Shehla A.
Published: October 2021

Care giving is a difficult task especially when it involves physical or mental retardation, and it leaves marked negative impact on primary caregivers. Alzheimer is one such ailment where the patient is totally dependent on others for each bit of their life, so the care giving of Alzheimer patients become more burdensome. The aim of this research was to examine the burden and difficulties of caregivers dealing with Alzheimer's patient, especially those living at home. Case study method was employed for this research. Eight caregivers were selected purposively, and content analysis was used to examine their perspective regarding burden and challenges. In the assessment of content, the gathered qualitative information was analyzed in a deductive manner. The results of the analysis showed that caregivers face daily challenges in terms of physical and psychological health issues, social support and resources, family conflicts, crisis, and criticism. The outcomes further elaborated that due to different roles and responsibilities as caregivers they face both positivity and negativity in their lives which in most cases leads them to religiosity. The results of this study can add to positive social change by contributing to the development and implementation of programs that may take into account considerable differences in future.
Breast Cancer Stem Cell-Derived ANXA6-Containing Exosomes Sustain Paclitaxel Resistance and Cancer Aggressiveness in Breast Cancer
Authors: Guo Zihe , Guo Ayao , Zhou Chuang
Published: October 2021

Continuous chemotherapy pressure-elicited annexin-A6 (ANXA6)-containing exosome (ANXA6-exo) secretion contributes to paclitaxel (PTX) resistance in breast cancer (BC), but the molecular mechanisms are not fully elucidated. The present study managed to investigate this issue and found that ANXA6-exo promoted PTX resistance and cancer progression in BC cells in a Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1)-dependent manner. Specifically, the parental PTX-sensitive BC (PS-BC) cells were exposed to continuous low-dose PTX to generate PTX-resistant BC (PR-BC) cells, and we found that BC stem cells tended to be enriched in the descendent PR-BC cells in contrast with the PS-BC cells. In addition, PR-BC cell-derived exosomes were featured with highly expressed ANXA6, and ANXA6-exo delivered ANXA6 to promote cell migration, growth, autophagy, and stemness in PS-BC cells. Interestingly, ANXA6-exo increased PTX resistance in PS-BC cells via inducing autophagy, and the effects of ANXA6-exo on PTX resistance in PS-BC cells were abrogated by co-treating cells with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms were uncovered, and we evidenced that ANXA6-exo up-regulated YAP1 to promote Hippo pathway dysregulation, and the promoting effects of ANXA6-exo on PTX resistance and cancer aggressiveness in BC cells were abrogated by silencing YAP1. Taken together, this study firstly elucidated the underlying mechanisms by which BCSC-derived ANXA6-exo facilitated BC progression and PTX resistance, which might help to develop novel treatment strategies for BC in clinic.
Characterizing Intercellular Communication of Pan-Cancer Reveals SPP1+ Tumor-Associated Macrophage Expanded in Hypoxia and Promoting Cancer Malignancy Through Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data
Authors: Wei Jinfen , Chen Zixi , Hu Meiling , He Ziqing , Jiang Dawei , Long Jie , Du Hongli
Published: October 2021

Hypoxia is a characteristic of tumor microenvironment (TME) and is a major contributor to tumor progression. Yet, subtype identification of tumor-associated non-malignant cells at single-cell resolution and how they influence cancer progression under hypoxia TME remain largely unexplored. Here, we used RNA-seq data of 424,194 single cells from 108 patients to identify the subtypes of cancer cells, stromal cells, and immune cells; to evaluate their hypoxia score; and also to uncover potential interaction signals between these cells in vivo across six cancer types. We identified SPP1+ tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) subpopulation potentially enhanced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) by interaction with cancer cells through paracrine pattern. We prioritized SPP1 as a TAM-secreted factor to act on cancer cells and found a significant enhanced migration phenotype and invasion ability in A549 lung cancer cells induced by recombinant protein SPP1. Besides, prognostic analysis indicated that a higher expression of SPP1 was found to be related to worse clinical outcome in six cancer types. SPP1 expression was higher in hypoxia-high macrophages based on single-cell data, which was further validated by an in vitro experiment that SPP1 was upregulated in macrophages under hypoxia-cultured compared with normoxic conditions. Additionally, a differential analysis demonstrated that hypoxia potentially influences extracellular matrix remodeling, glycolysis, and interleukin-10 signal activation in various cancer types. Our work illuminates the clearer underlying mechanism in the intricate interaction between different cell subtypes within hypoxia TME and proposes the guidelines for the development of therapeutic targets specifically for patients with high proportion of SPP1+ TAMs in hypoxic lesions.
A “Not So Quiet” Revolution: Systemic Benefits and Challenges of Telehealth in the Context of COVID-19 in Quebec (Canada)
Authors: Alami Hassane , Lehoux Pascale , Attieh Randa , Fortin Jean-Paul , Fleet Richard , Niang Marietou , Offredo Kevin , Rouquet Ronan , Ag Ahmed Mohamed Ali , Ly Birama Apho
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on health and social service systems (HSSS) worldwide. It has put tremendous pressure on these systems, threatening access, continuity, and the quality of patient care and services. In Quebec (Canada), the delivery of care and services has radically changed in a short period of time. During the pandemic, telehealth has been widely deployed and used, notwithstanding the decades-long challenges of integrating this service modality into the Quebec HSSS. Adopting a narrative-integrative approach, this article describes and discusses Quebec's experience with the deployment and utilization of telehealth in the context of COVID-19. Firstly, we introduced the achievements and benefits made with the use of telehealth. Secondly, we discussed the challenges and concerns that were revealed or accentuated by the sanitary crisis, such as: (1) training and information; (2) professional and organizational issues; (3) quality of services and patient satisfaction; (4) cost, remuneration, and funding; (5) technology and infrastructure; (6) the emergence of private telehealth platforms in a public HSSS; (7) digital divide and equity; and (8) legal and regulatory issues. Finally, the article presents recommendations to guide future research, policies and actions for a successful integration of telehealth in the Quebec HSSS as well as in jurisdictions and countries facing comparable challenges.
Invasive Plants Differentially Impact Forest Invertebrates, Providing Taxon-Specific Benefits by Enhancing Structural Complexity
Authors: Landsman Andrew P. , Schmit John Paul , Matthews Elizabeth R.
Published: October 2021

Exotic plant species often negatively affect native herbivores due to the lack of palatability of the invading plant. Although often unsuitable as food, certain invasive species may provide non-nutritional ecological benefits through increased habitat structural complexity. To understand the potential for common invasive forest plant species of the eastern United States to benefit invertebrate communities, we examined the functional and taxonomic community composition of forest insects and spiders in long-term monitoring plots that contained invasive plant species. The extent of invasive plant species ground cover significantly altered spider community composition as categorized by hunting guild. Areas with higher invasive herbaceous and grass cover contained a higher abundance of space web-weaving and hunting spiders, respectively. Spider species richness and total invertebrate abundance also increased with greater invasive grass cover. Still, these trends were driven by just two invasive plant species, garlic mustard and Japanese stiltgrass, both of which have previously been shown to provide structural benefits to native invertebrate taxa. While these two species may improve the structural component of understory forest habitat, many invertebrate groups were not significantly correlated with other prevalent invasive plants and one species, mock strawberry, negatively affected the abundance of certain insect taxa. Particularly in forests with reduced native plant structure, invasive plant management must be conducted with consideration for holistic habitat quality, including both plant palatability and structure.
Big Bird Plots: Benchmarking Neotropical Bird Communities to Address Questions in Ecology and Conservation in an Era of Rapid Change
Authors: Robinson W. Douglas , Errichetti Dan , Pollock Henry S. , Martinez Ari , Stouffer Philip C , Shen Fang-Yu , Blake John G.
Published: October 2021

Extensive networks of large plots have the potential to transform knowledge of avian community dynamics through time and across geographical space. In the Neotropics, the global hotspot of avian diversity, only six 100-ha plots, all located in lowland forests of Amazonia, the Guianan shield and Panama, have been inventoried sufficiently. We review the most important lessons learned about Neotropical forest bird communities from those big bird plots and explore opportunities for creating a more extensive network of additional plots to address questions in ecology and conservation, following the model of the existing ForestGEO network of tree plots. Scholarly impact of the big bird plot papers has been extensive, with the papers accumulating nearly 1,500 citations, particularly on topics of tropical ecology, avian conservation, and community organization. Comparisons of results from the plot surveys show no single methodological scheme works effectively for surveying abundances of all bird species at all sites; multiple approaches have been utilized and must be employed in the future. On the existing plots, abundance patterns varied substantially between the South American plots and the Central American one, suggesting different community structuring mechanisms are at work and that additional sampling across geographic space is needed. Total bird abundance in Panama, dominated by small insectivores, was double that of Amazonia and the Guianan plateau, which were dominated by large granivores and frugivores. The most common species in Panama were three times more abundant than those in Amazonia, whereas overall richness was 1.5 times greater in Amazonia. Despite these differences in community structure, other basic information, including uncertainty in population density estimates, has yet to be quantified. Results from existing plots may inform drivers of differences in community structure and create baselines for detection of long-term regional changes in bird abundances, but supplementation of the small number of plots is needed to increase generalizability of results and reveal the texture of geographic variation. We propose fruitful avenues of future research based on our current synthesis of the big bird plots. Collaborating with the large network of ForestGEO tree plots could be one approach to improve understanding of linkages between plant and bird diversity. Careful quantification of bird survey effort, recording of exact locations of survey routes or stations, and archiving detailed metadata will greatly enhance the value of benchmark data for future repeat surveys of the existing plots and initial surveys of newly established plots.
Molecular Diagnosis and Prenatal Phenotype Analysis of Eight Fetuses With Ciliopathies
Authors: Liu Yuefang , Wang Hui , Jin Xin , Shao Qixiang , Pan Qiong
Published: October 2021

Human ciliopathies are hereditary conditions caused by variants in ciliary-associated genes. Ciliopathies are often characterized by multiple system defects. However, it is not easy to make a definite diagnosis in the prenatal period only based on the imageology. In this report, eight new prenatal cases from five unrelated families diagnosed with ciliopathies were systematically examined. The clinical manifestations of these fetuses showed such prenatal diagnostic features as occipital encephalocele, and polydactyly and polycystic kidneys. Situs inversus caused by CPLANE1 variant was first reported. In Family 1 and Family 3, homozygous variants of CPLANE1 and NPHP4 caused by consanguineous marriage and uniparental disomy were detected by whole-exome sequencing, respectively. In Family 2, Family 4 and Family 5, compound heterozygotes of TMEM67 and DYNC2H1 including two novel missense variants and one novel nonsense variant were identified. The distribution of pathogenic missense variants along TMEM67 gene mainly clustered in the extracellular cysteine rich region, extracellular area with unknown structure, and the transmembrane regions. Genotype-phenotype relationship between CPLANE1 and TMEM67 genes was concluded. This report describes new clinical manifestations and novel variants in CPLANE1, TMEM67, NPHP4, and DYNC2H1.
Genetically Predicted Longer Telomere Length May Reduce Risk of Hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: Yang Jing , Xu Huiqing , Cai Bingyue , Wei Jiahe , Sun Lingling , Li Yasong , Wang Tianle , Li Yingjun
Published: October 2021

Objective: This two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study aimed to examine the potential causal association of telomere length (TL) with the risk of osteoarthritis (OA).

Method: The summary-level data for OA was derived from the United Kingdom Biobank cohort, including 50,508 individuals of European descent. Eighteen single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with TL were identified as instrumental variables from the most up-to-date TL genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving over 78,592 individuals of European descent. Based on the GWASs data, MR was performed using established statistical analysis methods including the inverse variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier.

Results: Genetically determined TL was not associated with the risk of total OA (IVW odds ratio [OR] = 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.83, 1.21). In subgroup analyses stratified by OA site, no evidence in favor of association between genetically determined TL and knee OA was found (IVW OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.89, 1.58). However, using WM method, we observed a limited protective effect of longer TL on the risk of hip OA (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.36–0.99), whereas the results of the IVW (p = 0.931) and MR-PRESSO (p = 0.932) showed that TL had no effect on hip OA.

Conclusions: This study does not support a causal association between TL and total OA. A potential protective association between longer TL and hip OA, though possible, remains less certain.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of Sinocyclocheilus maitianheensis Reveals Phylogenetic Evolution and Immunological Variances in Various Sinocyclocheilus Fishes
Authors: Li Ruihan , Wang Xiaoai , Bian Chao , Gao Zijian , Zhang Yuanwei , Jiang Wansheng , Wang Mo , You Xinxin , Cheng Le , Pan Xiaofu , Yang Junxing , Shi Qiong
Published: October 2021

An adult Sinocyclocheilus maitianheensis, a surface-dwelling golden-line barbel fish, was collected from Maitian river (Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China) for whole-genome sequencing, assembly, and annotation. We obtained a genome assembly of 1.7 Gb with a scaffold N50 of 1.4 Mb and a contig N50 of 24.7 kb. A total of 39,977 protein-coding genes were annotated. Based on a comparative phylogenetic analysis of five Sinocyclocheilus species and other five representative vertebrates with published genome sequences, we found that S. maitianheensis is close to Sinocyclocheilus anophthalmus (a cave-restricted species with similar locality). Moreover, the assembled genomes of S. maitianheensis and other four Sinocyclocheilus counterparts were used for a fourfold degenerative third-codon transversion (4dTv) analysis. The recent whole-genome duplication (WGD) event was therefore estimated to occur about 18.1 million years ago. Our results also revealed a decreased tendency of copy number in many important genes related to immunity and apoptosis in cave-restricted Sinocyclocheilus species. In summary, we report the first genome assembly of S. maitianheensis, which provides a valuable genetic resource for comparative studies on cavefish biology, species protection, and practical aquaculture of this potentially economical fish.
Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Analysis of bZIP Gene Family Under Abiotic Stress in Glycyrrhiza uralensis
Authors: Han Yuxuan , Hou Zhuoni , He Qiuling , Zhang Xuemin , Yan Kaijing , Han Ruilian , Liang Zongsuo
Published: October 2021

bZIP gene family is one of the largest transcription factor families. It plays an important role in plant growth, metabolic, and environmental response. However, complete genome-wide investigation of bZIP gene family in Glycyrrhiza uralensis remains unexplained. In this study, 66 putative bZIP genes in the genome of G. uralensis were identified. And their evolutionary classification, physicochemical properties, conserved domain, functional differentiation, and the expression level under different stress conditions were further analyzed. All the members were clustered into 13 subfamilies (A–K, M, and S). A total of 10 conserved motifs were found in GubZIP proteins. Members from the same subfamily shared highly similar gene structures and conserved domains. Tandem duplication events acted as a major driving force for the evolution of bZIP gene family in G. uralensis. Cis-acting elements and protein–protein interaction networks showed that GubZIPs in one subfamily are involved in multiple functions, while some GubZIPs from different subfamilies may share the same functional category. The miRNA network targeting GubZIPs showed that the regulation at the transcriptional level may affect protein–protein interaction networks. We suspected that domain-mediated interactions may categorize a protein family into subfamilies in G. uralensis. Furthermore, the tissue-specific gene expression patterns of GubZIPs were analyzed using the public RNA-seq data. Moreover, gene expression level of 66 bZIP family members under abiotic stress treatments was quantified by using qRT-PCR. The results of this study may serve as potential candidates for functional characterization in the future.
Functional Integration of Adult-Generated Neurons in Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats
Authors: Damphousse Chelsey C. , Medeiros Jaclyn , Marrone Diano F.
Published: October 2021

Adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) make important contributions to learning as they integrate into neuronal networks. Neurogenesis is dramatically reduced by a number of conditions associated with cognitive impairment, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Increasing neurogenesis may thus provide a therapeutic target for ameliorating diabetes-associated cognitive impairments, but only if new neurons remain capable of normal function. To address the capacity for adult-generated neurons to incorporate into functional circuits in the hyperglycemic DG, we measured Egr1 expression in granule cells (GCs), BrdU labeled four weeks prior, in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, an established model of T2DM, and age-matched Wistars. The results indicate that while fewer GCs are generated in the DG of GK rats, GCs that survive readily express Egr1 in response to spatial information. These data demonstrate that adult-generated GCs in the hyperglycemic DG remain functionally competent and support neurogenesis as a viable therapeutic target.
Circuit Investigation of Social Interaction and Substance Use Disorder Using Miniscopes
Authors: Beacher Nicholas J. , Washington Kayden A. , Werner Craig T. , Zhang Yan , Barbera Giovanni , Li Yun , Lin Da-Ting
Published: October 2021

Substance use disorder (SUD) is comorbid with devastating health issues, social withdrawal, and isolation. Successful clinical treatments for SUD have used social interventions. Neurons can encode drug cues, and drug cues can trigger relapse. It is important to study how the activity in circuits and embedded cell types that encode drug cues develop in SUD. Exploring shared neurobiology between social interaction (SI) and SUD may explain why humans with access to social treatments still experience relapse. However, circuitry remains poorly characterized due to technical challenges in studying the complicated nature of SI and SUD. To understand the neural correlates of SI and SUD, it is important to: (1) identify cell types and circuits associated with SI and SUD, (2) record and manipulate neural activity encoding drug and social rewards over time, (3) monitor unrestrained animal behavior that allows reliable drug self-administration (SA) and SI. Miniaturized fluorescence microscopes (miniscopes) are ideally suited to meet these requirements. They can be used with gradient index (GRIN) lenses to image from deep brain structures implicated in SUD. Miniscopes can be combined with genetically encoded reporters to extract cell-type specific information. In this mini-review, we explore how miniscopes can be leveraged to uncover neural components of SI and SUD and advance potential therapeutic interventions.
Attitudes to Being Vaccinated Against COVID-19: A Survey of People With Epilepsy in China
Authors: Qiao Shan , Zhang Ran-ran , Yang Ting-ting , Wang Zhi-hao , Fang Xi-qin , Fang Chun-yan , Geng Jian-hong , Zhang Dong-mei , Qu Li-xin , Cao Li-li , Han Tao , Liu Xue-wu
Published: October 2021

Objective: We conducted a survey to assess vaccination coverage, vaccination willingness, and variables associated with vaccination hesitancy to provide evidence on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination strategies.

Methods: This anonymous questionnaire study conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional survey of outpatients and inpatients with epilepsy (PWE) registered in epilepsy clinics, in 2021, in 10 hospitals in seven cities of Shandong Province.

Results: A total of 600 questionnaires were distributed, and 557 valid questionnaires were returned. A total of 130 people were vaccinated against COVID-19. Among 427 unvaccinated participants, 69.32% (296/427) were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine in the future, and the remaining 30.68% (131/427) were unwilling to receive vaccination. Most (89.9%) of the participants believed that the role of vaccination was crucial in response to the spread of COVID-19. A significant association was found between willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and the following variables: age, marital status, level of education, occupation, residence, seizure type, and seizure control after antiepileptic drug therapy. It is noteworthy that education level, living in urban areas, and seizure freedom were significantly related to willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination.

Conclusions: Vaccination is a key measure for the prevention and control of COVID-19, and most PWE are willing to be vaccinated. Vaccine safety, effectiveness, and accessibility are essential in combatting vaccine hesitation and increasing vaccination rates.
Experiment in vivo: How COVID-19 Lifestyle Modifications Affect Migraine
Authors: Grozeva Vesselina , Mínguez-Olaondo Ane , Vila-Pueyo Marta
Published: October 2021

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represents a unified lifestyle modification model, which was developed by the globally applied measures. The lockdowns designed the perfect study settings for observing the interaction between migraine and the adopted changes in lifestyle. An experiment in vivo took place unexpectedly to determine how the lockdown lifestyle modifications can influence migraine.

Subsection 1: Overall lifestyle modifications during the pandemic: People stay home, and outdoor activities and public contacts are restricted. Sleep is disturbed. Media exposure and prolonged screen use are increased. Working conditions change. In-person consultations and therapies are canceled. The beneficial effects of short-term stress, together with the harmful effects of chronic stress, were observed during the pandemic.

Subsection 2: Short-term effects: Substantial lifestyle changes happened, and knowing how vulnerable migraine patients are, one could hypothesize that this would have resulted in severe worsening of headache. Surprisingly, even though the impacts of changing social conditions were significant, some patients (including children) experienced a reduction in their migraine during the first lockdown.

Subsection 3: Long-term effects: Unfortunately, headache frequency returned to the basal state during the second pandemic wave. The risk factors that could have led to this worsening are the long-term disruption of sleep and dietary habits, stress, anxiety, depression, non-compliance to treatment, and working during the pandemic.

Discussion: Sudden short-term lifestyle changes taking migraine patients out of their usual routine may be beneficial for headache management. It is not necessary to have a natural disaster in place for a drastic lifestyle modification with 6–8-week duration, if we know that this will improve migraine.
Differences in Disrupted Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity Among Children, Adolescents, and Adults With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Resting-State fMRI Study
Authors: Agoalikum Elijah , Klugah-Brown Benjamin , Yang Hang , Wang Pan , Varshney Shruti , Niu Bochao , Biswal Bharat
Published: October 2021

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most widespread mental disorders and often persists from childhood to adulthood, and its symptoms vary with age. In this study, we aim to determine the disrupted dynamic functional network connectivity differences in adult, adolescent, and child ADHD using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data consisting of 35 children (8.64 ± 0.81 years), 40 adolescents (14.11 ± 1.83 years), and 39 adults (31.59 ± 10.13 years). We hypothesized that functional connectivity is time-varying and that there are within- and between-network connectivity differences among the three age groups. Nine functional networks were identified using group ICA, and three FC-states were recognized based on their dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) pattern. Fraction of time, mean dwell time, transition probability, degree-in, and degree-out were calculated to measure the state dynamics. Higher-order networks including the DMN, SN, and FPN, and lower-order networks comprising the SMN, VN, SC, and AUD were frequently distributed across all states and were found to show connectivity differences among the three age groups. Our findings imply abnormal dynamic interactions and dysconnectivity associated with different ADHD, and these abnormalities differ between the three ADHD age groups. Given the dFNC differences between the three groups in the current study, our work further provides new insights into the mechanism subserved by age difference in the pathophysiology of ADHD and may set the grounds for future case-control studies in the individual age groups, as well as serving as a guide in the development of treatment strategies to target these specific networks in each age group.
Genetic Factors in Rasmussen’s Encephalitis Characterized by Whole-Exome Sequencing
Authors: Ai Junhong , Wang Yisong , Liu Dong , Fan Dongying , Wang Qiqi , Li Tianfu , Luan Guoming , Wang Peigang , An Jing
Published: October 2021

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare chronic neurological disorder characterized by unihemispheric brain atrophy and epileptic seizures. The mechanisms of RE are complex. Adaptive immunity, innate immunity and viral infection are all involved in the development of RE. However, there are few studies on the role of genetic factors in the mechanisms of RE. Thus, the objective of this study was to reveal the genetic factors in the mechanisms of RE. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed in 15 RE patients. Ten patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), which is a common and frequently intractable seizure disorder, were used as the controls. Thirty-one non-silent single nucleotide variants (SNVs) affecting 16 genes were identified in the RE cases. The functions of the genes with SNVs were associated with antigen presentation, antiviral infection, epilepsy, schizophrenia and nerve cell regeneration. Genetic factors of RE were found first in this study. These results suggest that RE patients have congenital abnormalities in adaptive immunity and are susceptible to some harmful factors, which lead to polygenic abnormal disease.
Cerebral Blood Flow Difference Between Acute and Chronic Tinnitus Perception: A Perfusion Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Hu Jinghua , Xu Jin-Jing , Shang Song’an , Chen Huiyou , Yin Xindao , Qi Jianwei , Wu Yuanqing
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The central nervous mechanism of acute tinnitus is different from that of chronic tinnitus, which may be related to the difference of cerebral blood flow (CBF) perfusion in certain regions. To verify this conjecture, we used arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in this study to compare the CBF alterations of patients with acute and chronic tinnitus.

Methods: The current study included patients with chronic tinnitus (n = 35), acute tinnitus (n = 30), and healthy controls (n = 40) who were age-, sex-, and education-matched. All participants underwent MRI scanning and then ASL images were obtained to measure CBF of the entire brain and analyze the differences between groups as well as the correlations with tinnitus characteristics.

Results: The chronic tinnitus group showed increased z-CBF in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG) and superior frontal gyrus (SFG) when compared with the acute tinnitus patients. Further connectivity analysis found enhanced CBF connectivity between the right STG and fusiform gyrus (FG), the right SFG and left middle occipital gyrus (MOG), as well as the right parahippocampal gyrus (PHG). Moreover, in the chronic tinnitus group, the tinnitus handicap questionnaire (THQ) score was positively correlated with the normalized z-CBF of right STG (r = 0.440, p = 0.013).

Conclusion: Our results confirmed that the CBF changes in some brain regions were different between acute and chronic tinnitus patients, which was correlated with certain tinnitus characteristics. This is of great value to further research on chronicity of tinnitus, and ASL has a promising application in the measurement of CBF.
Pulmonary Toxicities Associated With the Use of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: An Update From the Immuno-Oncology Subgroup of the Neutropenia, Infection & Myelosuppression Study Group of the Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer
Authors: Rapoport Bernardo L. , Shannon Vickie R. , Cooksley Tim , Johnson Douglas B. , Anderson Lindsay , Blidner Ada G. , Tintinger Gregory R. , Anderson Ronald
Published: October 2021

The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized cancer treatment, with agents such as nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and cemiplimab targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and durvalumab, avelumab, and atezolizumab targeting PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Ipilimumab targets cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4). These inhibitors have shown remarkable efficacy in melanoma, lung cancer, urothelial cancer, and a variety of solid tumors, either as single agents or in combination with other anticancer modalities. Additional indications are continuing to evolve. Checkpoint inhibitors are associated with less toxicity when compared to chemotherapy. These agents enhance the antitumor immune response and produce side- effects known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Although the incidence of immune checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (ICI-Pneumonitis) is relatively low, this complication is likely to cause the delay or cessation of immunotherapy and, in severe cases, may be associated with treatment-related mortality. The primary mechanism of ICI-Pneumonitis remains unclear, but it is believed to be associated with the immune dysregulation caused by ICIs. The development of irAEs may be related to increased T cell activity against cross-antigens expressed in tumor and normal tissues. Treatment with ICIs is associated with an increased number of activated alveolar T cells and reduced activity of the anti-inflammatory Treg phenotype, leading to dysregulation of T cell activity. This review discusses the pathogenesis of alveolar pneumonitis and the incidence, diagnosis, and clinical management of pulmonary toxicity, as well as the pulmonary complications of ICIs, either as monotherapy or in combination with other anticancer modalities, such as thoracic radiotherapy.
Regulation and Potential Biological Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Zhou Xue , Zhang Yuefeng , Wang Ning
Published: October 2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an incurable progressive disease with the progressive impairment of kidney function, which can accelerate the progression of cardiovascular disease, increase the risk of infection, and lead to related complications such as anemia and bone disease. CKD is to a great extent preventable and treatable, and it is particularly important to improve the early diagnosis, strengthen the research underlying the mechanism of disease occurrence and development, and innovate new intervention measures. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) belongs to one of members of endocrine FGF subfamily with evolutionarily conserved functions and performs a vital role in the regulation of energy balance and adipose metabolism. FGF21 needs to rely on β-Klotho protein to specifically bind to FGF receptor (FGFR), which activates the FGF21 signaling exerting the biological function. FGF21 is deemed as an important regulatory factor extensively modulating many cellular functions under physiologic and pathologic conditions. Although the metabolic effect of FGF21 has been extensively studied, its potential biological role in the kidney has not been generally investigated. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics, regulation and biological function of FGF21 based on the current studies, and briefly discuss the potential relationship with chronic kidney disease.