bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting fidelity and treatment outcomes in savoring interventions among mothers of young children
Authors: Borelli Jessica L. , Perzolli Silvia , Kerr Margaret , Smiley Patricia A.
Published: August 2024

Savoring impacts parents’ emotions and parent–child relationship quality. Using data from a randomized controlled trial (N = 164 mothers of 18–27‐month‐olds, 37 interveners) conducted with a community sample in the United States, this study examined predictors of fidelity and treatment outcomes across two savoring preventative interventions (relational savoring and personal savoring). Treatment outcome indicators were selected from a battery administered immediately post‐intervention (maternal closeness to child) and at a 3‐month follow‐up (maternal sensitivity, reflective functioning). We examined whether intervener education level (bachelor's degree/no bachelor's degree) predicted fidelity (Research Question 1), whether intervener education level predicted treatment outcomes (Research Question 2), and whether fidelity predicted treatment outcomes (Research Question 3). In many cases, intervener education background was not related to fidelity or treatment outcome; however, interveners without bachelor's degrees showed greater adherence to the protocols on some scales (higher positivity, higher secure base, higher calm matching) and sessions with these interveners were associated with greater increases in maternal sensitivity. Regardless of the intervener education level, redirecting attention to the positive and calmly matching participants’ tone were associated with higher maternal reflective functioning, and higher secure base scores were associated with greater closeness. Findings have implications for the training and implementation of prevention programs for parents.
The dimer effect: A refinement approach towards skin sensitization assessment in‐chemico using Amino acid Derivative Reactivity Assay
Authors: Paul Choudhury Ratnadeep , Singh Akanksha , Mathai Eldho , Sudhakar DGS , Tourneix Fleur , Alépée Nathalie , Gautier Francoise
Published: August 2024

Skin sensitization is a key endpoint for safety assessment, especially for cosmetics and personal care products. The adverse outcome pathway for skin sensitization and the chemical and biological events driving the induction of human skin sensitization are now well understood. Several non‐animal test methods have been developed to predict sensitizer potential by measuring the impact of chemical sensitizers on these key events. In this work, we have focused on Key Event 1 (the molecular initiating step), which is based on formation of a covalent adduct between skin sensitizers and endogenous proteins and/or peptides in the skin. There exists three in‐chemico assays approved by the Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development—(1) Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA), (2) Amino Acid Derivative Reactivity Assay (ADRA), and (3) Kinetic Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (kDPRA) to quantify peptide/amino acid derivative depletion after incubation with test chemicals. However, overestimated depletion of the cysteine‐based peptide/amino acid derivatives is known in such assays because of the dimerization of the thiol group. In this present work, we report the synthesis and structural confirmation of the dimer of N‐(2‐[1‐naphthyl]acetyl)‐L‐cysteine (NAC) from the ADRA assay to allow simultaneous determination of (a) peptide depletion by quantifying NAC monomer and (b) peptide dimerization by quantifying NAC dimer thereby eliminating the overestimation. We present a case study with three chemicals to demonstrate the importance of this approach. Thus, this simultaneous assay gives a more informed view of the peptide reactivity of chemicals to better identify skin sensitizers.
Protective effect of rutin on acrylamide induced ovarian inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and hormonal changes: Based on in silico and in vivo study
Authors: Gupta Divya , Shrivastava Sadhana , Kumar Subodh , Bhardwaj Gautam , Jain Chakresh , Kumar Suresh , Tonk Rajiv , Shukla Sangeeta
Published: August 2024

Acrylamide (AA) is a carcinogenic compound that affects people due to its frequent use in laboratories and industry as well as the high‐temperature cooking of foods with high hydrocarbon content. AA is known to cause severe reproductive abnormalities. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of rutin (RU), a phytoactive compound, against AA‐induced reproductive toxicity in female rats. Initially, rats were exposed to AA (40 mg/kg for 10 days). Therapy of RU was given after AA intoxication consecutively for 3 days. After 24 h of the last treatment, all the animals were sacrificed. The study evaluated reproductive hormones, oxidative stress markers, membrane‐bound enzymes, DNA damage, histological findings, and an in silico approach to determine the protective efficacy of RU. The results indicated that RU significantly protected against inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage induced by AA, likely due to its antioxidant properties.
Impact of sensory neuropeptide deficiency on behavioral patterns and gait in a murine surgical osteoarthritis model
Authors: Rapp Anna E. , Wolter Angelique , Muschter Dominique , Grässel Susanne , Lang Annemarie
Published: August 2024

Substance P (SP) and a calcitonin‐related gene alpha (αCGRP−/−) are implicated in musculoskeletal pain perception and were shown to have different effects on the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). However, it has not been investigated, whether deficiency for SP or αCGRP impacts pain‐related behavior and well‐being as well as gait during development of experimental OA. We induced OA in the right knee of wild‐type (WT) mice and mice either deficient for SP (tachykinin 1, Tac‐1) or αCGRP (male, n = 8 per genotype) by destabilizing the medial meniscus (DMM). We monitored body weight and food and water intake as indicators of wellbeing, determined nest building and composite pain score, and performed CatWalk gait analysis over 12 weeks. Cartilage degeneration was determined by OARSI scoring. The 12‐week post‐DMM, cartilage degradation in the medial compartment was significantly reduced in Tac1−/− mice compared to the WT and to αCGRP−/− mice, coinciding with highest unloading of the operated limb in Tac1−/−. Behavioral and gait analysis revealed only minor differences between the genotypes. Paw print area was most prominently reduced in Tac1−/− over the observation period; at 12 weeks, we found a significant reduction in normalized print area in Tac1−/− compared to presurgery and to the WT at the same time‐point. Calculated weight bearing was significantly reduced only in Tac1−/−. Overall, we observed minor impact of DMM on gait and behavior in the present study. The reduced cartilage damage in the absence of SP might be in part due to reduced loading, however, the mechanism is not clear yet.
A Consensus Statement on the Administration of Systemic Bevacizumab in Patients with Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
Authors: Best Simon R. , Bock Jonathan M. , Fowler Nicole B. , Raabe Eric H. , Klein Adam M. , Laetsch Theodore W. , McClellan Kim , Rinkel Rico N.P.M. , Saba Nabil F. , Sidell Douglas R. , Tansey James B. , Tunkel David E. , Young Geoffrey D. , Zur Karen B.
Published: August 2024

Objective

To provide detailed guidance on the administration of systemic bevacizumab in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) based on a detailed review of the scientific literature and a consensus of experts with real‐world clinical experience.

Methods

A bevacizumab consensus working group (N = 10) was composed of adult and pediatric otolaryngologists, adult and pediatric oncologists, and a representative from the RRP Foundation (RRPF), all with experience administering systemic bevacizumab in patients with RRP. After extensive review of the medical literature, a modified Delphi method‐based survey series was utilized to establish consensus on the following key areas: clinical and patient characteristics ideal for treatment candidacy, patient perspective in treatment decisions, treatment access, initial dosing, monitoring, guidelines for tapering and discontinuation, and reintensifying therapy.

Results

Seventy‐nine statements were identified across nine critical domains, and 45 reached consensus [clinical benefits of bevacizumab (3), patient and disease characteristics for treatment consideration (7), contraindications for treatment (3), shared decision‐making (incorporating the patient perspective) (5), treatment access (3), initial dosing and administration (8), monitoring (7), tapering and discontinuation (6), and reintensification (3)].

Conclusion

This consensus statement provides the necessary guidance for clinicians to initiate systemic administration of bevacizumab and represents a potential paradigm shift toward nonsurgical treatment options for patients with RRP.

Level of Evidence

5 Laryngoscope, 134:5041–5046, 2024
CaLu2Mg2Si3O12:Ce3+, Cr3+, Nd3+ Phosphor‐In‐Glass Film for Laser‐Driven Ultra‐Broadband Near‐Infrared Lighting with Watt‐Level Output
Authors: Lin Yi , Lin Hang , Wang Pengfei , Xu Ju , Cheng Yao , Wang Yuansheng
Published: August 2024

Laser diode (LD)‐pumped phosphor‐converted near‐infrared (NIR) lighting source predicts a “brighter” future for active imaging and non‐destructive detection, with improved imaging resolution and detection accuracy to expand more application scenarios. To meet a variety of requirements for LD‐pumped phosphor color converters, herein, a novel CaLu2Mg2Si3O12:Ce3+, Cr3+, Nd3+ (CLMS:Ce3+, Cr3+, Nd3+) phosphor‐in‐glass film (PiGF) sintered on sapphire substrate (SP) composite is fabricated. By introducing a rapid infrared firing technique, the good luminescence properties of phosphor powders are maintained in the PiGF due to the trivial thermally‐aggressive effect of glass components on phosphor particles. The multiple energy transfers (ETs) among Ce3+, Cr3+, and Nd3+ enhance the NIR luminescence of Cr3+ and Nd3+, and simultaneously extend the spectral range to cover the NIR‐I and NIR‐II regions. The luminescent behaviors of samples are carefully examined under different laser excitation modes to gain more insights into laser‐matter interaction. A watt‐level output is achieved by applying appropriate thermal and optical management. A comparative study is performed on the luminescence saturation mechanism of CLMS:Ce3+, Cr3+, Nd3+ PiGF showing different contributions of thermal quenching and intensity quenching among these three ions. Finally, the application presentations confirm the great potential in the fields of long‐distance night vision and high‐resolution biological imaging.
A High‐Quality Mixed Matrix Membrane with Nanosheets Assembled and Uniformly Dispersed Fillers for Ethanol Recovery
Authors: Pang Siyu , Ma Liang , Yang Yongfu , Chen Huidong , Lu Lu , Yang Shihui , Baeyens Jan , Si Zhihao , Qin Peiyong
Published: August 2024

A high‐quality filler within mixed matrix membranes, coupled with uniform dispersity, endows a high‐efficiency transfer pathway for the significant improvement on separation performance. In this work, a zeolite‐typed MCM‐22 filler is reported that is doped into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix by ultrafast photo‐curing technique. The unique structure of nanosheets assembly layer by layer endows the continuous transfer channels towards penetrate molecules because of the inter‐connective nanosheets within PDMS matrix. Furthermore, an ultrafast freezing effect produced by fast photo‐curing is used to overcome the key issue, namely filler aggregation, and further eliminates defects. When pervaporative separating a 5 wt% ethanol aqueous solution, the resulting MCM‐22/PDMS membrane exhibits an excellent membrane flux of 1486 g m−2 h−1 with an ethanol separation factor of 10.2. Considering a biobased route for ethanol production, the gas stripping and vapor permeation through this membrane also shows a great enrichment performance, and the concentrated ethanol is up to 65.6 wt%. Overall, this MCM‐22/PDMS membrane shows a high separation ability for ethanol benefited from a unique structure deign of fillers and ultrafast curing speed of PDMS, and has a great potential for bioethanol separation from cellulosic ethanol fermentation.
On the Mechanism of Nucleation and Monomer Transport in Inverse Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Schork F. Joseph
Published: August 2024

A rationale for droplet nucleation during inverse emulsion polymerization (IEP) (reported by previous investigators) is proposed. Based on the idea that smaller monomer droplets are nucleated into polymer particles, while larger droplets serve as reservoirs for monomer (as in a micellar nucleation mechanism) the question of possible monomer‐transport limitation during polymerization is explored.
Effect of core densities on quasi‐static and low‐velocity impact behaviors of AFRP‐aluminum foam hybrid sandwich beams
Authors: Wang Zhen , Hong Bin , Xian Guijun , Xin Meiyin , Huang Shengde , Shen Haijuan
Published: August 2024

The hybrid sandwich structures possessing composite faces and an aluminum foam (ALF) core exhibit lightweight and superior impact resistance. However, limited studies pay attention to the mechanical behavior of hybrid sandwich beams with various ALF densities. The present article has focused on the influence of foam densities on the quasi‐static and low‐velocity impact (LVI) behaviors of hybrid sandwich beams with aramid‐fiber‐reinforced polymer (AFRP) faces and ALF core. The failure mode, loading response, and energy absorption of sandwich beams have been obtained experimentally and the failure map with a wide range of dimensional configurations has been established theoretically. Increasing core density significantly enhances the load‐carrying capacity of the sandwich beam, and the enhanced effect becomes more obvious for a thicker core. The medium‐density ALFs provide the maximum specific energy absorption, while the high‐density ALFs offer the highest energy absorption for hybrid sandwich beams. The applicability of core densities in hybrid sandwich structures is provided.

Highlights

Normal strain distribution under quasi‐static loading is analyzed using DIC.

AFRP face microbuckling provides higher impact resistance than core failure.

The applicability of core density in hybrid sandwich structures is given.
Effects of ethylene‐octene copolymer and ethylene‐propylene copolymer on crystallization, morphology, and foaming properties of ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer
Authors: Wang Yuanxia , Hao Qi , Zou Cun‐Ying , Bai Nan , Su Qun‐Feng , Zhang Chen‐Guang , Wan Yu‐Jiang , Shen Jia‐Qi , Song Li‐Xin , Li Xian‐Liang , Liu Li‐Zhi
Published: August 2024

Ethylene‐octene copolymer (EOC, three EOCs with different octene content used in this study) and propene‐ethylene copolymer (EPC, three EPCs with different ethylene content used in this study) can have effects on the crystallization dynamics, crystal structure, and foaming properties of ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). For unfoamed EVA/EOC and unfoamed EVA/EPC blends, both EVA/EOC and EVA/EPC blends show phase separation structure. The foam cells in EVA/EOC blends have better uniformity compared to those in EVA/EPC blends, which result from the better compatibility of EVA and EOC than EVA and EPC obtained from the morphology analysis. For the blends with different crystallization ability of EOC or EPC, the blends with lower crystallinity has more uniform cell distribution than blends with higher crystallinity, due to the crystallization zone cause heterogeneous crosslinking and foaming of the blend. Both EOC and EPC can impart higher elasticity to EVA foamed materials. EOC was found to be more suitable for blending with EVA for foamed materials, offering the potential to obtain EVA/EOC foamed materials with excellent performance.

Highlights

Ethylene‐octene copolymer with higher octene content has better effect on foaming property of ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer than ethylene‐propylene copolymer.

Ethylene‐propylene copolymer can decrease the foaming temperature of ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer.

A mechanism of foaming for ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer/semi‐crystallized polymer blends is proposed.

Achieved in‐depth understanding of structure–property relationship about ethylene‐vinyl Acetate copolymer/polyolefin elastomer foamed material.
Simulated herbicide mixtures delay both specialist monogenic and generalist polygenic resistance evolution in weeds
Authors: Renton Michael , Willse Alan , Aradhya Chandrashekar , Tyre Andrew , Head Graham
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Evolution of herbicide‐resistant weed populations is a major challenge to world food production. Using different herbicides in rotation and/or using different herbicides together as mixtures are strategies that may delay the selection of resistance. This study used simulation modelling to investigate whether mixtures and rotations can delay the selection of both generalist polygenic and specialist monogenic herbicide resistance, and whether these strategies are more likely to lead to the selection of generalist resistance in weed types with varying biological characteristics.

RESULTS

Our simulations suggest that well‐designed effective herbicide mixtures should delay evolution of both polygenic and monogenic resistance better than rotations and single herbicides across all weed types. Both mixture and rotation strategies increased the likelihood of polygenic resistance compared to single‐herbicide use, and the likelihood of polygenic resistance increased as the fecundity and competitiveness of the weed increased. Whether monogenic or polygenic resistance occurred in each case depended most on the relative initial allele frequencies. We did not find that herbicide mixtures were more likely than rotations to lead to the selection of generalist polygenic resistance. The simulated efficacy of mixtures over rotations decreased if components were used at reduced rates or when individual components had already been used solo.

CONCLUSION

Herbicide rotations and particularly well‐designed mixtures should delay evolution of both polygenic and monogenic resistance, especially if used as part of an effective integrated weed management programme. However, herbicide mixtures and rotations may also increase the risk that resistance will be generalist polygenic rather than specialist monogenic. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Control efficacy and joint toxicity of broflanilide mixed with commercial insecticides to an underground pest, the black cutworm in highland barley
Authors: Wang Yingnan , Zhan Enling , Lu Hui , Chen Yiqu , Duan Fenglei , Wang Ying , Tang Tao , Zhao Chunqing
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

The highland barley, Hordeum vulgare L., is a staple food crop with superior nutritional functions in Xizang, China. It is often damaged by the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), which is an underground pest and difficult to effectively manage. To introduce a novel insecticide with unique mode of action, broflanilide (BFL) and its binary mixtures with chlorantraniliprole (CAP), fluxametamide, β‐cypermethrin or imidacloprid were screened out as seed treatment to control black cutworm in highland barley in the present study.

RESULTS

In the laboratory bioassays, BFL had outstanding insecticidal activity to black cutworm with a median lethal dose (LD50) of 0.07 mg kg−1. The mixture of BFL × CAP at the concentration ratio of 7:40 exhibited the highest synergistic effect with a co‐toxicity coefficient of 280.48. In the greenhouse pot experiments, BFL and BFL × CAP seed treatments at 8 g a.i. kg−1 seed could effectively control black cutworm, with a low percentage of injured seedlings <20% and high control efficacies of 93.33–100% during a period of 3–12 days after seed emergence. Moreover, BFL and BFL × CAP seed treatments could promote the seed germination and seedling growth of highland barley at the tested temperatures of 15, 20 and 25 °C.

CONCLUSION

Our results indicated that BFL and BFL × CAP were effective and promising insecticides as seed treatment to control black cutworm in highland barley. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Protective Effects of Syringic Acid Against Oxidative Damage, Apoptosis, Autophagy, Inflammation, Testicular Histopathologic Disorders, and Impaired Sperm Quality in the Testicular Tissue of Rats Induced by Mercuric Chloride
Authors: Akarsu Serkan Ali , Gür Cihan , Küçükler Sefa , Akaras Nurhan , İleritürk Mustafa , Kandemir Fatih Mehmet
Published: August 2024

Mercury (Hg) is one of the most toxic heavy metals that damage testicular tissue. Mercury chloride (HgCl2) is one of the most toxic forms of mercury that can easily cross biological membranes. Syringic acid (SA) is a natural flavonoid found in many vegetables and fruits. In this study, the effects of SA against HgCl2‐induced testicular damage in rats were determined by biochemical, histopathological, and spermatological analyses. For this study, a total of 35 Spraque Dawley rats were used. Rats were divided into five groups as control, HgCl2, SA 50, HgCl2 + SA 25, and HgCl2 + SA 50. HgCl2 was administered intraperitoneal (IP) at a dose of 1.23 mg/kg/bw, while SA was administered by oral gavage at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg/bw. The rats were then sacrificed, and testicular tissues were removed. HgCl2 caused an increase in MDA level and a decrease in SOD, CAT, and GPx activity and GSH level in the testicular tissue of rats. HgCl2 is involved in the increase of eIF2‐α, PERK, ATF‐4, ATF‐6, CHOP, NF‐κB, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, Apaf‐1, Bax, and Caspase‐3 mRNA expression. HgCl2 caused a decrease in sperm motility, an increase in the rate of abnormal sperm and sperm DNA fragmentation in rats. However, SA oral administration dose‐dependently inhibited endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis and preserved epididymal sperm quality and testicular histoarchitectures. In conclusion, SA had protective effects against HgCl2‐induced testicular oxidative damage, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis.
The genus Aglaia: Diversity in chemical structure and biological activity
Authors: Bang Ngo Anh , Tai Bui Huu , Yen Pham Hai , Kiem Phan Van
Published: August 2024

The Meliaceae family has been investigated comprehensively because of their structurally multifarious, and biologically active components. The genus Aglaia has the highest amount in this family, including around 150 species. These species are widespread throughout tropical regions, particularly in Southeast Asia and Australia. They have been used in traditional medicine for treating various diseases. This article summarizes 370 metabolites, which have been isolated from several parts such as the bark, roots, seeds, and leaves of Aglaia species in over fifty years from the first investigation in 1965 to 2024, originating from the flavagline, triterpenoid, sesquiterpenoid, steroid, alkaloid, and limonoid, while flavagline is the largest group. The components isolated from the genus Aglaia are analyzed for potential biological activities, like cytotoxicity, anti‐inflammatory, insecticidal, antiviral, antituberculosis, and antifungal effects. In addition, the flavagline was reported to show a high potential for cytotoxic and insecticidal activities and was confirmed to be used as the chemical marker for this species. Therefore, these reports indicate that Aglaia species may hold potential as a valuable source for producing biologically active compounds.
A hybrid approach to improvement of watershed water quality modeling by coupling process–based and deep learning models
Authors: Jeong Dae Seong , Jeong Heewon , Kim Jin Hwi , Kim Joon Ha , Park Yongeun
Published: August 2024

Watershed water quality modeling to predict changing water quality is an essential tool for devising effective management strategies within watersheds. Process‐based models (PBMs) are typically used to simulate water quality modeling. In watershed modeling utilizing PBMs, it is crucial to effectively reflect the actual watershed conditions by appropriately setting the model parameters. However, parameter calibration and validation are time‐consuming processes with inherent uncertainties. Addressing these challenges, this research aims to address various challenges encountered in the calibration and validation processes of PBMs. To achieve this, the development of a hybrid model, combining uncalibrated PBMs with data‐driven models (DDMs) such as deep learning algorithms is proposed. This hybrid model is intended to enhance watershed modeling by integrating the strengths of both PBMs and DDMs. The hybrid model is constructed by coupling an uncalibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) with a Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM). SWAT, a representative PBM, is constructed using geographical information and 5‐year observed data from the Yeongsan River Watershed. The output variables of the uncalibrated SWAT, such as streamflow, suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP), as well as observed precipitation for the day and previous day, are used as training data for the deep learning model to predict the TP load. For the comparison, the conventional SWAT model is calibrated and validated to predict the TP load. The results revealed that TP load simulated by the hybrid model predicted the observed TP better than that predicted by the calibrated SWAT model. Also, the hybrid model reflects seasonal variations in the TP load, including peak events. Remarkably, when applied to other sub‐basins without specific training, the hybrid model consistently outperformed the calibrated SWAT model. In conclusion, application of the SWAT‐LSTM hybrid model could be a useful tool for decreasing uncertainties in model calibration and improving the overall predictive performance in watershed modeling.

Practitioner points

We aimed to enhance process‐based models for watershed water‐quality modeling.

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool‐Long Short‐Term Memory hybrid model's predicted and total phosphorus (TP) matched the observed TP.

It exhibited superior predictive performance when applied to other sub‐basins.

The hybrid model will overcome the constraints of conventional modeling.

It will also enable more effective and efficient modeling.
Effect of an Intrapartum Pelvic Dilator Device on Levator Ani Muscle Avulsion During Primiparous Vaginal Delivery: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hesham Helai , Orejuela Francisco , Rood Kara M. , Turrentine Mark , Casey Brian , Khandelwal Meena , Dajao Rori , Azad Sarah , Rosen Todd , Hoffman Matthew K. , Wang Eileen Y. , Hart Laura , Sheen Jean-Ju , Grisales Tamara , Gibson Kelly S. , Torbenson Vanessa , Williams Shauna F. , Evantash Edward , Dietz Hans P. , Wapner Ronald J.
Published: August 2024

Introduction and Hypothesis

The objective was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of an intrapartum electromechanical pelvic floor dilator designed to reduce the risk of levator ani muscle (LAM) avulsion during vaginal delivery.

Methods

A multicenter, randomized controlled trial enrolled nulliparous participants planning vaginal delivery. During the first stage of labor, participants were randomized to receive the intravaginal device or standard-of-care labor management. The primary effectiveness endpoint was the presence of full LAM avulsion on transperineal pelvic-floor ultrasound at 3 months. Three urogynecologists performed blinded interpretation of ultrasound images. The primary safety endpoint was adverse events (AEs) through 3 months.

Results

A total of 214 women were randomized to Device (n = 113) or Control (n = 101) arms. Of 113 Device assignees, 82 had a device placed, of whom 68 delivered vaginally. Of 101 Control participants, 85 delivered vaginally. At 3 months, 110 participants, 46 Device subjects who received full device treatment, and 64 Controls underwent ultrasound for the per-protocol analysis. No full LAM avulsions (0.0%) occurred in the Device group versus 7 out of 64 (10.9%) in the Control group (p = 0.040; two-tailed Fisher’s test). A single maternal serious AE (laceration) was device related; no neonate serious AEs were device related.

Conclusions

The pelvic floor dilator device significantly reduced the incidence of complete LAM avulsion in nulliparous individuals undergoing first vaginal childbirth. The dilator demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and was well received by recipients. Use of the intrapartum electromechanical pelvic floor dilator in laboring nulliparous individuals may reduce the rate of LAM avulsion, an injury associated with serious sequelae including pelvic organ prolapse.
Ninth Pharmacologic-Historical Forum, 2024, Munich, Germany: the development of experimental pharmacology in Munich at the Walther Straub Institute
Authors: Eyer Peter
Published: August 2024

In 1887, Hermann Tappeiner (1847–1927) was appointed as professor for medicinal chemistry and pharmacology. He studied the role of intestinal bacteria and contributed to better understanding of digestion. In 1923, Walther Straub (1874–1944) succeeded. He was at the zenith of his scientific career, gained habilitation in Leipzig already in 1900, accepted the direction of the Institute of Pharmacology at Marburg in 1905, of Würzburg in 1906, before he moved to Freiburg in 1907. Straub preferred quantitative studies with various alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, and Senna glycosides on isolated organs. One important legacy is his contribution “Die Digitalisgruppe” in Hefters Handb. Exp. Pharmakol. 1924. Walther Straub was editor of Naunyn–Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology and founded the Deutsche Pharmakologische Gesellschaft in 1920. In 1944 when most of the institute was destroyed by air raids, Walther Straub retired and succumbed in Bad Tölz. In 1946, August Wilhelm Forst (1890–1981), a pupil of Straub, was appointed to head the institute ruins. We owe to him the provisional reconstruction of the old building, institution of an Insulin Control Laboratory, and the development of a vibratory cage that allowed the registration of psychomotor activity in rodents. Forst published the first comprehensive review on “Detoxication.” In 1961, Manfred Kiese (1910–1983), a pupil of W. Heubner, came from Tübingen and accompanied the erection of a new building. Kiese made important contributions to the understanding of the biotransformation of foreign compounds and was the first to describe the biological N-oxygenation. His studies on ferrihemoglobin formation resulted in the development of an effective cyanide antidote, 4-dimethylaminophenol. “Methemoglobinemia, a Comprehensive Treatise” is part of his scientific legacy. In 1980, Wolfgang Forth (1932–2009) from Bochum headed the institute and convinced the medical faculty of LMU to rename the building into Walther Straub Institute. His scientific interests were centered on interactions between essential and toxic metals during intestinal absorption. He was co-editor of the German Textbook on Pharmacology and Toxicology founded in 1975, which is presently in its 13th edition. In 2000, Peter Eyer (1942) was commissioned to lead the institute until Thomas Gudermann (1960) was appointed to direct the chair in 2008.
Successful rechallenge with azacytidine and venetoclax after sustained treatment-free remission in a relapsed acute myeloid leukemia patient: a case report
Authors: Tamellini E. , Simio C. , Bernardelli A. , Ferrarini I. , Vatteroni A. , Moioli A. , Macaluso V. , Marchetti E. , Tanasi I.
Published: August 2024

Combined therapy with venetoclax and hypomethylating agents has significantly improved the outcome of unfit patients ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. A recently published exploratory analysis of the VIALE-A trial reported that up to 51% of patients achieving remission survived more than 2 years. These data along with those from reallife settings, lead to questioning how long it is appropriate to continue treatment in long-term survivors. Accordingly, recent retrospective studies suggested the feasibility of suspending therapy in selected patients while maintaining prolonged responses. Also, these studies showed that retreatment may induce a second remission in almost a third of patients. We report the case of a patient who received salvage therapy with venetoclax and azacytidine, that was discontinued few cycles after blasts clearance because of severe hematological toxicity. Despite suspension, he maintained a sustained response lasting almost one year and was successfully retreated with the same combination when a second relapse occurred.
Transvaginal morcellation within an enclosed bag in gynecological surgeries: a comprehensive systematic review and analysis of safety, efficacy, and outcomes
Authors: Alomari Omar , Mokresh Muhammed Edib , Muvaffak Emir , Bakir Rahime Nurbanu , Al Shomali Raghad , Akis Serkan , Acar Sami , Api Murat
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This systematic review aims to comprehensively assess the safety and efficacy of transvaginal morcellation within an enclosed bag in gynecological surgeries, with a focus on its benefits, potential risks, and recommendations for its use.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search of Epistemonikos, Web of Science, Medline (PubMed), Scopus, and Cochrane databases for studies on transvaginal contained morcellation in adult patients undergoing gynecological surgeries. The review included 22 studies that met the inclusion criteria, encompassing diverse surgical procedures, patient profiles, and outcomes. These studies were thoroughly reviewed and analyzed to assess the safety and efficacy of the morcellation technique.

Results

Key findings from the selected studies indicate that transvaginal morcellation within an enclosed bag offers several advantages in gynecological surgeries, including reduced invasiveness, shorter operative times, and minimal blood loss when compared to conventional methods. The risk of tumor recurrence or dissemination appears to be low when appropriate precautions are taken, emphasizing the technique’s safety, especially when performed by experienced surgical teams. While some studies reported complications, these were generally not directly associated with the morcellation technique.

Conclusion

Transvaginal morcellation within an enclosed bag demonstrates potential as a safe and effective option for gynecological surgeries. The technique offers the benefits of minimally invasive procedures, including reduced bleeding, shorter recovery times, and improved cosmetic outcomes. This review also highlights the need for standardization in study methodologies and reporting, as the heterogeneity in outcomes across the selected studies poses challenges in drawing definitive conclusions.
Action inhibition in a sport-specific paradigm: examining the limits of action control in basketball
Authors: Wickemeyer Carolin , Güldenpenning Iris , Weigelt Matthias
Published: August 2024

To investigate the point where inappropriate defensive movements can no longer be inhibited and to validate suitable stimulus material for constructing a basketball-specific anticipation-response-inhibition task, two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, participants without basketball expertise (N = 25) watched a video of a basketball jump shot and were asked to release the space bar at the point when the ball leaves the player's fingertips (go-trials). In 25% of all trials, the video was stopped prematurely and participants should withhold their finger-lift response (stop-trials). A staircase-tracking algorithm was used to adjust the point-in-time when the jump shot was stopped in a way that participants’ inhibition rate was at 50% (reflecting the so called “point-of-no-return”, PNR). In Experiment 2, the stimulus material was adapted so that stop-trials simulated a pump fake. The PNR in Experiment 1 was located 187 ms and in Experiment 2 177 ms before the point of ball release. Precision performance benefit from practice across blocks and participants delayed their responses after stop-trials in a subsequent go-trial, which reflects strategic post-stop-trial adjustments. Based on the comparable results of previous studies, the given stimulus material is suitable for investigating response inhibition skills in dynamic sport-specific environments.
A case of high-grade non-intestinal paranasal sinus adenocarcinoma primary in the maxillary sinus: targeted therapy after postoperative immunocombination with chemotherapy
Authors: Yang Lu , Lu Lu , Ma Ji , Xu Zaihua , Li Na
Published: August 2024

Background

High-grade non-intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (non-ITAC) is a rare and aggressive form of adenocarcinoma with poor prognosis. The current standard treatment approach involves surgery combined with radiation therapy. However, there is a need for exploring additional treatment modalities to improve patient outcomes.

Case presentation

We present a case of a 65-year-old male patient who presented with pain in the right maxillary sinus and was diagnosed with high-grade non-ITAC following surgery. Postoperative pathology revealed tumor invasion into bone tissue and vascular invasion, necessitating further treatment. The patient underwent radiation therapy, followed by immunotherapy with carilizumab combined with chemotherapy. During the maintenance immunotherapy period, tumor progression was observed, and genetic testing identified EGFR and TP53 mutations. Consequently, the patient was treated with gefitinib, a targeted therapy drug. Notably, the patient’s lung metastases showed a gradual reduction in size, indicating a favorable treatment response. The patient is currently undergoing oral treatment with gefitinib.

Conclusions

This case report highlights the potential benefit of combining immunotherapy and targeted therapy in the treatment of high-grade non-ITAC. Despite the rarity of this cancer type, this approach may offer an alternative treatment strategy for patients with this aggressive disease. We hope that this case can contribute to a deeper understanding of high-grade non-ITAC and promote the application of immunotherapy and targeted therapy in improving survival rates for patients with this condition.
Sensory Changes Related to Swallowing in Motor Neurone Disease
Authors: Paterson Megan , Doeltgen Sebastian , Francis Rebecca
Published: August 2024

Dysphagia is common in motor neurone disease (MND) and associated with negative health and psychosocial outcomes. Although largely considered a motor disease, a growing body of evidence suggests that MND can also affect the sensory system. As intact sensation is vital for safe swallowing, and sensory changes can influence the clinical management of dysphagia in people living with MND, this review evaluated and summarised the current evidence for sensory changes related to swallowing in MND. Of 3,481 articles originally identified, 29 met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 20 studies reported sensory changes, which included laryngeal sensation, taste, gag reflex, cough reflex, tongue sensation, smell, palatal and pharyngeal sensation, silent aspiration, and undefined sensation of the swallowing mechanism. Sensory changes were either described as decreased (n = 16) or heightened (n = 4). In the remaining nine studies, sensory function was reported as unaffected. The presence of changes to sensory function related to swallowing in MND remains inconclusive, although an increasing number of studies report sensory changes in some sensory domains. Future research is needed to evaluate the prevalence of sensory changes in MND and how such changes may influence dysphagia and its management.
Phylogenomics of the pantropical Connaraceae: revised infrafamilial classification and the evolution of heterostyly
Authors: de Vos Jurriaan M. , Streiff Serafin J. R. , Bachelier Julien B. , Epitawalage Niroshini , Maurin Olivier , Forest Félix , Baker William J.
Published: August 2024

Connaraceae is a pantropical family of about 200 species containing lianas and small trees with remarkably diverse floral polymorphisms, including distyly, tristyly, homostyly, and dioecy. To date, relationships within the family have not been investigated using a targeted molecular phylogenetic treatment, severely limiting systematic understanding and reconstruction of trait evolution. Accordingly, their last infrafamilial classification was based only on morphological data. Here, we used phylogenomic data obtained using the Angiosperms353 nuclear target sequence capture probes, sampling all tribes and almost all genera, entirely from herbarium specimens, to revise infrafamilial classification and investigate the evolution of heterostyly. The backbone of the resulting molecular phylogenetic tree is almost entirely resolved. Connaraceae consists of two clades, one containing only the African genus Manotes (4 or 5 species), which we newly recognize at the subfamily level. Vegetative and reproductive synapomorphies are proposed for Manotoideae. Within Connaroideae, Connareae is expanded to include the former Jollydoreae. The backbone of Cnestideae, which contains more than half of the Connaraceae species, remains incompletely resolved. Reconstructions of reproductive system evolution are presented that tentatively support tristyly as the ancestral state for the family, with multiple parallel losses, in agreement with previous hypotheses, plus possible re-gains. However, the great diversity of stylar polymorphisms and their phylogenetic lability preclude a definitive answer. Overall, this study reinforces the usefulness of herbarium phylogenomics, and unlocks the reproductive diversity of Connaraceae as a model system for the evolution of complex biological phenomena.
Experimental metasomatic alteration of titanite in a series of metamorphic fluids at 700 °C and 200 MPa
Authors: Gmochowska Wiktoria , Harlov Daniel , Słaby Ewa , Jokubauskas Petras , Sláma Jiří , Łącki Marcin
Published: August 2024

Seven experiments exploring the reaction of titanite with various hydrothermal solutions have been carried out at 700 °C and 200 MPa for a run duration of 16 days. In experiments involving fluids consisting of NaCl+H2O, KCl+H2O, CaCl2+H2O, 2M NaOH, or 2M KOH, no reaction of the titanite with the fluid was observed other than a slight dissolution of the titanite. Experiments involving NaF+H2O and Ca(OH)2+H2O resulted in visible alteration of the titanite in texture and composition, coupled with the formation of perovskite. In the NaF+H2O experiment, perovskite, enriched with rare earth elements (REE), formed as euhedral to subhedral crystals on the surface of the recrystallized titanite. In the Ca(OH)2+H2O experiment perovskite took in minor amounts of REE, and formed as a reaction rim partially replacing the titanite via a coupled dissolution-reprecipitation reaction. Wollastonite, along with minor calcite, and grossular garnet, formed as an outer rim on the perovskite. In the NaF+H2O experiment major and trace elements were leached from the titanite, whereas in the Ca(OH)2+H2O experiment no leaching of major or trace elements was observed. Nb/Ta, Th/U, and Y/Ho were investigated as potential indicators of hydrothermal processes. While the Nb/Ta ratio was altered in the experimentally metasomatised titanite, the degree of alteration was the same for both fluids. In contrast, only small changes in the Th/U and Y/Ho ratios between the altered and original titanite were seen for either experiment. The formation of perovskite at the expense of titanite in NaF+H2O or Ca(OH)2+H2O fluids demonstrates how titanite reacts with these fluids in simple, low silica activity systems under mid to upper crustal P-T conditions.
Transcranial alternating current stimulation can modulate the blink reflex excitability. Effects of a 10- and 20-Hz tACS session on the blink reflex recovery cycle in healthy subjects
Authors: Maccora Simona , Sardo Pierangelo , Giglia Giuseppe , Torrente Angelo , Di Stefano Vincenzo , Brighina Filippo
Published: August 2024

Background

The blink reflex excitability, assessed through paired electrical stimuli responses, has been modulated using traditional non-invasive neurostimulation techniques. Recently, transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) emerged as a tool to modulate brain oscillations implicated in various motor, perceptual, and cognitive functions. This study aims to investigate the influence of 20-Hz and 10-Hz tACS sessions on the primary motor cortex and their impact on blink reflex excitability.

Materials and methods

Fifteen healthy volunteers underwent 10-min tACS sessions (intensity 1 mA) with active/reference electrodes placed over C4/Pz, delivering 20-Hz, 10-Hz, and sham stimulation. The blink reflex recovery cycle (BRrc) was assessed using the R2 amplitude ratio at various interstimulus intervals (ISIs) before (T0), immediately after (T1), and 30 min post-tACS (T2).

Results

Both 10-Hz and 20-Hz tACS sessions significantly increased R2 ratio at T1 (10-Hz: p = 0.02; 20-Hz: p < 0.001) and T2 (10-Hz: p = 0.01; 20-Hz: p < 0.001) compared to baseline (T0). Notably, 20-Hz tACS induced a significantly greater increase in blink reflex excitability compared to sham at both T1 (p = 0.04) and T2 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the modulatory effect of tACS on trigemino-facial reflex circuits, with a lasting impact on BRrc. Beta-band frequency tACS exhibited a more pronounced effect than alpha-band frequency, highlighting the influential role of beta-band oscillations in the motor cortex on blink reflex excitability modulation.
Russian olive distribution and invasion dynamics along the Powder River, Montana and Wyoming, USA
Authors: Courtney Karissa , Buczek Catherine , Bywater-Reyes Sharon , Shahin Dahlia , Tian Amy , Andrews Carly , Franklin Scott , Woodward Brian , Cunningham Scott , Vorster Anthony G.
Published: August 2024

The invasive shrub, Russian olive (Elaeagnus augustifolia), is widely established within riparian areas across North America and eastern Europe. Limited information on its distribution and invasion dynamics in northern regions has hampered understanding and management efforts. Given this lack of spatial and ecological information we worked with local stakeholders and developed two main objectives: (1) map the distribution of Russian olive along the Powder River (Montana and Wyoming, United States) as of 2020 with field data and remote sensing; and (2) relate that distribution to environmental variables to understand its habitat suitability and community/invasion dynamics. Field data showed Russian olive has reached near equal canopy cover (18.3%) to native Plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides; 19.1%) and has a broader distribution. At the watershed scale, we modeled Russian olive distribution using field surveys, ocular sampling of aerial imagery, and spectral variables from Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument using a random forest model (RMSE = 15.42, R2 = 0.64). A statistical model linking the resulting Russian olive percent cover detection map to environmental variables for the entire watershed indicated Russian olive cover increased with flow accumulation and decreased with elevation, and was associated with poorer soil types. We attribute the success of Russian olive to its broad habitat suitability combined with changing hydrologic conditions favoring it over natives. The maps of Russian olive cover along the Powder River and its main tributaries in northern Wyoming and southern Montana revealed regions of the watershed with high and low cover, which can guide landscape-scale management prioritization. This study provides a repeatable Russian olive detection method due to the use of Sentinel-2 imagery that is available worldwide and provides insight into Russian olive’s ecological relationships and success with relevance for management across areas with similar environmental conditions.