bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Застосування аутогенного тренування в підготовці кваліфікованих спортменок в художній гімнастиці
Authors: Shepelenko T.V. , Kozina Zh.L. , Pavlyukova S. , Kolman O. Y. , Ivanova G. V. , Kudryavtsev M. D.
Published: March 2023

Мета роботи – експериментально обґрунтувати ефективності застосування нетрадиційної комплексної методики психорегуляції в навчально-тренувальному та змагальному процесі в художній гімнастиці. Матеріал і методи. В дослідженні взяли участь 20 гімнасток – майстрів спорту. Ефективність розробленої системи застосування нетрадиційної практики аутогенного тренування визначалася за показниками змагальної результативності, спеціальної фізичної та технічної підготовленості. Групи були практично ідентичні до проведення експерименту. Кожна група складалася з 10 гімнасток. В якості показників змагальної результативності були використані експертні оцінки гімнасток в основних змаганнях року в програмах з обручем, булавами, стрічкою. В якості експериментальної було застосовано розроблену методику аутогенного тренування, що спирається на уявленнях абстрактних природних образах, переходячі в ідеомоторне тренування. Цифрова інформація оброблялася за допомогою традиційних методів математичної статистики. Результати. Застосування розробленої методики аутогенного тренування сприяло поліпшенню змагальної результативності спортсменок експериментальної групи. У спортсменок експериментальної групи з кожними наступними змаганнями року спостерігалося достовірне підвищення результатів (р<0,01, р<0,001). Позитивний вплив аутогенного тренування спостерігається за результатами тестування спеціальної фізичної та технічної підготовленості спортсменок. До проведення експерименту контрольна та експериментальна групи достовірно не відрізнялися між собою (р>0,05), а після проведення експерименту спостерігалися достовірні відмінності в показниках тестування спортсменок експериментальної та контрольної груп (р<0,05). В показниках спеціальної витривалості виявлені найбільші відмінності (тест «Стрибки через скакалку, хв.», р<0,001). У спортсменок експериментальної групи виявлено достовірний приріст показників тестування в результаті проведення експерименту. Висновки. Виявлено і науково обґрунтовано значимість і ефективність застосування методики психорегуляцції, основу якої складає аутогенне тренування для поліпшення змагальної результативності, спеціальної фізичної та технічної підготовленості та функціонального стану гімнасток високої кваліфікації.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RIFĀ‘IYYA AND THE FUTUWWA TRADITION
Authors: UZUNLAR ALİYE
Published: March 2023

The copies of erkannāma belonging to the Rifā‘ī order, which have survived till the present day, are works dated by the end of the 18th and the 19th century. These works, which provide the opportunity to determine how the Rifā‘ī order was practised in Istanbul and Anatolia, have served as a kind of handbook for the groups affiliated to the order. The fact that most of these copies, which include issues like order ceremonies, spiritual journey practices, khidma (acts of service) levels, were named as Futuwwatnāma is the first sign that Rifā‘iyya is one of the orders dependent on the futuwwa rules. Fütüvvetnāme-i Yāsin er-Rifāī written by Shaykh Yâsin al-Shāmī (end of the 18th century) and Minhācü'l-Müridīn written by Mehmed Tāhir Tophanevī (1812) are the oldest known Rifā‘ī futuwwatnāmas and they have become the source for the ones written later. In the article, the contents of the second chapter of Minhāc have been evaluated and it has been determined that the source of this work is the futuwwatnāma produced by Seyyid Hüseyin ibn Seyyid Gaybī (15th century). The interpretation of Ibn Gaybī's work as a futuwwatnāma with Shī‘ite elements and Abdulbāki Gölpınarlı's claim that Rifā‘iyya, over time, has taken an Alawīte form due to the influence of futuwwa followers have made it necessary to discuss the reasons that brought the Rifā‘īs and futuwwa followers closer. In the second part of the article some factors that may serve as the reason for Rifā‘īs and Shī‘ite-Bāṭinī-Alawīte groups to find common ground are evaluated based on texts, historical events and facts. As a result of this evaluation, it is concluded that the above-mentioned factors have existed since the establishment of Rifā‘iyya and that this is the way the order has spread to Anatolia. Keywords: Rifā‘îyya, Futuwwa, Futuwwattnāma, Erkān, Alawī, Şi‘ī.
THE ETHICAL VALUES OF BEING GENEROUS AND STEALING IN THE COMMENTARY OF BASMALAH BY HACI BEKTAŞ VELİ WITH METAETHIC THEORY OF FOLKLORE
Authors: ÇOBANOĞLU SACİDE
Published: March 2023

Developing technology in our age has opened the doors of a virtual-digital world to humanity. However, the negative effects of this development were seen in a short time. Tradition has been moved away and ethical values have begun to be lost. In order to bring the lost ethical values in Turkish society to new generations with a folkloric point of view, we have introduced Folklogical Metaethics Theory with an interdisciplinary approach in the fields of folklore, ethics and metaethics, and we have developed the method of Folklore Grounding Metaethics Analysis. The works of Hacı Bektaş Veli are very rich in that they contain cultural products that will be useful in updating our ethical values in Turkish folk philosophy, where our ethical understanding shaped by religious tradition is reflected in ethical codes in accordance with our cultural ergonomics. In this study, Hacı Bektaş Veli’s Basmalah Commentary was chosen in order to look at our cultural richness from a different perspective. The subject of the study is to reveal the place of the ethical values of generosity and stealing in the narrative of the Basmalah Commentary of Hacı Bektaş Veli, which is in the category of religious traditions of the theory in folk philosophy. It is aimed to make an exemplary study on the application of Folklogical Metaethics Theory to the works of Hacı Bektaş Veli by revealing the folk ideas in the folklore sense and the propositions in the metaethics sense of the storytelling. Keywords: Folklore, Theory, Metaethics, Basmalah Commentary, Hacı Bektaş Veli.
ALI ILHAMI, A BEKTASHI FOLK POET AND HIS DIVAN
Authors: KÜÇÜKYILDIZ GÖZELCE DAMLANUR
Published: March 2023

Bektashi order has a deep-rooted tradition, and a long history. This situation was reflected in the Bektashi literature and led to the emergence of rich Bektashi literature. Bektashi poets reflected their cultural background, beliefs, traditions and lives in their poems. Ali İlhami, who was a member of the Bektashi order and who had been a Shaikh for the Seyyid Battal Gazi Lodge for many years, was one of the folk poets who successfully used the methods and principles, subtleties, beliefs and traditions of this order in his poems. It is seen that his poems focus on the love of Allah, Hz. Ali, Hz. Hasan, Hz. Hüseyin, Twelve Imams, Haci Bektashi Veli, Battal Gazi, the Karbala incident, and devotion to the founders of the order and mentors. The topics such as nature, the transience of the world and human love are also handled in his poems. He shaped his poetry with advices such as not following the soul, not seeing the fault of anyone, and abandoning the love of the world. Considering Ali İlhami’s poems, it is seen that these are the poems that overlap with the principles of Bektashi order and support the rites of this path. Ali İlhami's poems were collected by Şükrü Efendi, the grandson of the poet, and arranged as Dîvân-ı Şeyh İlhâmî and Seyyid Battal Gazi. In this study, it is aimed to add a new and rich source to the Turkish folk poetry treasury by transferring 49 poems in the in the printed copy of Ali İlhami’s Divan, one of the 19th century folk poets, written in Ottoman Turkish to Latin letters. In addition, based on the poems in the Divan, how the Bektashi doctrine was handled in İlhami's poetry and how it was expressed was also emphasized. Keywords: Tasawwuf, Bektashi Order, Ali Ilhami, Divan, Poem.
WE ARE NOT ʿALĪ ILĀHĪ’S, WE ARE AHL-I ḤAQQ: THE CULT OF ALI IN TURKS OF AHL-I ḤAQQ
Authors: KARACA İBRAHİM
Published: March 2023

The belief in Ahl-i Haqq was revealed by Sultan Ishak, who was born in Sulaymaniyah in the 13th century. Sultan İshāk migrated to Perdiver, which is located in the Pave region of today's Iran, in order to spread the belief he founded. With the emergence of the Ahl-i Haqq belief, he created a community for himself. The sources that gave the first information about the Ahl-i Haqqs named the community as ʿAlī Ilāhīs. Although this naming is a general name, it is an incorrect usage. The subject of this study is that the Ahl-i Haqq are not ʿAlī Divine in the context of the cult of ʿAlī in the belief of Ahl-i Haqq. The belief in Hulul, which is known as Emergence in the belief of Ahl-i Haqq, caused the community to be known as ʿAlī Divine for a long time. This nomenclature is opposed by the Ahl-i Haqqs themselves, but it does not comply with the principles of belief. The purpose of this study is to explain the belief in the emergence of Ahl-i Haqq and to reveal that the community known as ʿAlī Ilāhīs is not actually ʿAlī Ilāhīs. In accordance with this purpose, the belief in the emergence or hulul in the belief of Ahl-i Haqq is discussed in the context of the fact that the Ahl-i Haqqs are not ʿAlī Divine. The number of these appearances is generally seven. For this purpose, the field study conducted in Iran's Tabriz, Kermanshah and Tehran cities between 2016-2019 was the source of this study. A comparison was made based on the data obtained from the field study and the Kalams, which are the first-hand sources belonging to the Ahl-i ḥaqqs. Keywords: ʿAlī Ilāhī, Ahl-i Haqqs, Turkish Cultural History, Alevism-Bektashism.
KHWAJA AHMAD YASAWI’S TOPONYMIC HERITAGE
Authors: MEIIRBEKOV ASSYLBEK
Published: March 2023

This paper represents the results of the pioneering research work that studied the toponymic heritage of real historical personality like Ahmad Yasawi. It proposed that the name-giver of the city of Turkestan is Ahmad Yasawi by means of conducting intensive toponymic research and by considering Ahmad Yasawi’s ‘Diwan-i Hikmat’ and Suleyman Baqirgani’s ‘Aqirzaman’ as historical documents. Also the research paper analyzes the legends and stories related to the life of Ahmad Yasawi by Bolatbek Qorganbekov and Mashkhur Zhusup as the toponymic legends, which can be considered as etymological foundations of some place names. The author of the current research work made the classification of Ahmad Yasawi’s toponymic heritage, which can be regarded as the first classification of historical personality’s toponymic heritage suggested by scholars. Moreover, the research work discovers Ahmad Yasawi’s deed from a new angle. All place names, which are regarded as the toponymic heritage of Ahmad Yasawi, were divided into three main groups. They are as following: 1. The place names whose author was Ahmad Yasawi himself; 2. Ahmad Yasawi’s, his relatives’, and followers’ graveyards, which are considered here as sacral places of Kazakhstan, and also they are nekronyms that can be accepted as toponymic heritage of Yasawi; 3. The place names which appeared under the influence of Yasawi’s relatives and followers. The total number of toponyms that are classified as Yasawi’s toponymic heritage is 33. They are 13 econyms, 2 hydronyms, one oronym, and 17 nekronyms. Keywords: Toponym, Toponymic Heritage, Nekronym, Hydronym, Econym, Intensive Toponymy, Khwaja Ahmad Yasawi, Turkestan.
OVERTONES OF CENKNAME IN SEZAİ KARAKOÇ’S POEM ÇOCUKLUĞUMUZ
Authors: GÖKÇEK GÖKHAN , HÜDAVERDİ ESİN , SÜLÇEVSİ NEBAHAT
Published: March 2023

The massive interaction between mankind and the environment has paved the roads of various processes, how to live, how to believe, how to spend, how to plan a future. As a nation who gave great importance to the aforementioned concepts, Turks carried on their ancient traditions and culture in a way which would not contradict Islam and found a harmony after meeting their new religion. While the heroic stories were passed from one generation to another with this new cultural transformation, it created a new form called “Cenkname”, especially after the conditions took place with the conquest of Anatolia. İmam Ali, known for his tremendous heroism in Islam history has been the main figure of the narratives mentioned due to his valor in the mentioned form. Hazrat Ali’s close relation with the Prophet has gained him respect in the heroic stories with his epic features. These attributes given to Hazrat Ali developed as “Cenkname” and continues since centuries. Even after the Ottoman Empire, where “Cenkname” emerged and spread, Hazrat Ali’s Cenknames continued. Also, one of the great poets of the modern Turkish Poem, Sezai Karakoç had a poem, which’s main theme was a Cenkname of Hazrat Ali. Sezai Karakoç tried to express how the Hazrat Ali Cenknames made his friends and himself feel as a child while they were listening to them in his poem “Çocukluğumuz”. This research is based on the aforementioned information, the importance of the concept of heroism, the tradition of “Cenkname”, the importance of Hazrat Ali Cenknames in Turkish culture and their traces in Sezai Karakoç’s poem. Keywords: Hazrat Ali, Cenknames, Heroism, Sezai Karakoç.
THE SARBEDAR MOVEMENT IN KHORASAN
Authors: MUSALI NAMİQ
Published: March 2023

One of the prominent representatives of Soviet Orientalism Prof. Dr. Ilya Pavlovich Petrushevsky (1898-1977) is known for his studies on the medieval history of Azerbaijan, Central Asia and Iran, especially the development process and characteristics of Eastern feudalism. He has more than a hundred scientific works published during his lifetime. One of the author's well-known works is the paper " The Sarbedar Movement in Khorasan", published in the XIV volume of the series "Scientific Works of the Institute of Oriental Studies of Academy of Sciences of USSR" in Moscow in 1956. The corresponding work was translated from Russian into Persian by Karim Keshavarz and published in Tehran in 1972 as a separate book. In view of the importance of the topic, we considered it necessary to translate the mentioned work of Petrushevsky from Russian into Turkish.The Sarbedar movement, which began in the village of Bashtin in the Bayhak district of the Khorasan region in 1336-1337, soon led to the creation of the Sarbedar state with its center in Sabzavar. This state, which existed between 1337 and 1386, left its mark on history due to the role it played in the political life of Iran, as well as the reforms and practices that it carried out in the social sphere. Petrushevsky, a Marxist historian, studying the Sarbedar movement, mainly tried to pay attention to the socio-economic factors that provoked this process, the class conflict and the struggle for power of various social groups among the Sarbedars, and programmatic differences between them. Keywords: History of Iran, Khorasan, Shiism, Sarbedars.
Approaches to stabilization of heat-resistant polymers by the example of polyphenylene sulfi de and polymer composite materials based on it
Authors: Bitt V. V. , Kalugina E. V. , Katsevman M. L. , Samoryadov A. V.
Published: March 2023

The article analyzes the general patterns of thermooxidative destruction of heat-resistant polymers in the temperature-time interval of processing and operation of polymer composite materials based on them and suggests optimal approaches to their stabilization.
O terceiro tempo da Didática: o digital no âmbito da Universidade Federal do Amazonas
Authors: Daroz Marlene Schüssler , Alencar Simone De Oliveira
Published: March 2023

O propósito deste texto é refletir sobre a didática e o tempo digital no âmbito da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, especificamente no Instituto de Educação, Agricultura e Ambiente -IEAA. Esta reflexão Surge da problemática a respeito de como a Didática pode inscrever as tecnologias digitais no ensino e na aprendizagem, contemplando todos os discentes. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste artigo é discutir a didática no ensino superior e o digital que resultem em uma formação de qualidade para todos.  Para tanto, ancora-se metodologicamente na abordagem qualitativa, por meio de revisão de literatura, e de pesquisas realizadas no âmbito do instituto. Estas foram interpretadas a partir da análise temática bem como da observação sobre o tempo digital e os avanços vivenciados ao longo da criação do Instituto, revelando que as tecnologias são importantes e o seu uso auxilia o trabalho docente, aproximando professor e aluno.  No entanto, apesar de proporcionar a pesquisa, a interação e o aprendizado por meio de mídias diversas, tanto o acesso quanto o uso das tecnologias digitais no IEAA são acessíveis a poucos. Nesse sentido, a articulação - didática, ensino e tecnologias digitais – se faz necessária a ampla reflexão no âmbito do IEAA-UFAM.
MECANISMO ALTERNATIVO A NÃO INCIDÊNCIA DO FATOR PREVIDENCIÁRIO NA APOSENTADORIA POR TEMPO DE CONTRIBUIÇÃO
Authors: MACEDO FONTES DA FONSECA THAÍS
Published: March 2023

The pension factor is a multiplicative factor to the amount of pension benefit retirement contributions, and optionally will retirement age, the General Social Security System. On November 4, 2015 was sanctioned by the President of Brazil to the Republic Act nº 13.183, which in its Article 29-C presents an alternative the incidence of social security factor. Given this perception, this article aims to conduct an analysis of the alternative mechanism to no impact of this factor in retirement by contribution time, talking about the security factor and how your calculation as well asdeal with the rules of the new method 85/95 in order to demystify what is the most beneficial factor for individuals in society that seek retirement.
All together now: Building a shared access to justice research framework for theoretical insight and actionable intelligence
Authors: Sandefur Rebecca , Burnett Matthew
Published: March 2023

As empirical research into access to justice burgeons around the world, contemporary work offers opportunities for integration and synthesis, generating insights that can inform both policy priorities and practical decisions about program design and implementation. Access to justice is historically a problem-focused research field, but an important strand of contemporary access to justice research focuses on solutions, or a deeper understanding “what works.” This paper offers a three-part framework for thinking about how research about “what works” in one jurisdiction can inform understanding of what might work in others. We propose a common core of research questions; a framework for conceptualizing the objects of study (in the example here, programs); and a framework for conceptualizing the contexts in which those programs might operate.
Una revisión de las teorías del feminismo radical sobre el abuso sexual contra la infancia
Authors: Ramírez González Alejandra
Published: March 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer un recorrido por algunos de los aportes de la teoría feminista a la reflexión en torno al abuso sexual contra la infancia. Se centrará en los desarrollos planteados por el feminismo radical de los años 70 y 80, principalmente en Norteamérica. Las feministas radicales plantearon críticas a las teorías vigentes sobre el abuso. Así mismo, realizaron valiosas contribuciones teóricas justificadas en el hecho de que casi la totalidad de los abusadores son hombres. Se establece una vinculación entre abuso sexual contra la infancia y la sexualidad masculina, se analiza el papel de la socialización en la feminidad en la prevalencia del abuso sexual y se considera que en gran medida la familia patriarcal promueve y garantiza la impunidad del abuso sexual. Recuperar estas ideas puede servir para construir una teoría de la violencia sexual contra la infancia desde una perspectiva de género.
Kırılgan Gruplar Özelinde Afetlerde Psikososyal Hizmetler
Authors: ARICA Fatih , ÇAKIR Cevahir , KAĞNICI Dilek
Published: March 2023

Afetler yaşamın doğal bir parçasıdır ve çoğunlukla da kaçınılmazdır. Bununla birlikte etkin afet yönetimi ile kaçınılmaz olan bu doğal yaşantıların olası olumsuz etkilerinin en aza indirilmesi mümkündür. Afet yönetimi tüm dünyada önemle üzerinde durulan bir konu olmakla birlikte özellikle kırılgan gruplar üzerinde nispeten daha yeni ele alınan bir yaklaşımdır. Literatürde kadınlar, yaşlılar, yoksullar, engelliler, göçmen ve mülteciler, LGBTİ+lar ve farklı etnik kökene mensup bireyler kırılgan gruplar olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Hâlihazırda birçok zorlukla yaşamlarını idame ettirmeye çalışan kırılgan gruplar, afetlerden de oldukça olumsuz şekilde etkilenmektedir. Afet yönetimi afetlerin tüm olumsuz sonuçlarını ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel, psikolojik olmak üzere çok boyutlu bir yapıda ele alan bir hizmettir. Bu çalışmada odak, afetlerin psikolojik etkilerine yönelik yürütülen psikososyal hizmetlerdir. Psikososyal hizmetler afet sonrasında ortaya çıkabilecek psikolojik problemlerin önlenmesine yönelik sürdürülen tüm çalışmaları kapsamaktadır. Bu bağlamda makalenin temel amacı ruh sağlığı uzmanlarının güncel rollerinden olan hak savunuculuğu özelinde kırılgan gruplara yönelik psikososyal hizmetlerin nasıl olabileceği doğrultusunda bir bakış açısı sunmaktır.
‘Idleness Breeds Disgust for the Cell’: Circumscribing Sloth, Acedia and Health in Anchoritic Literature
Authors: Perk Godelinde Gertrude
Published: March 2023

In medieval England, devout individuals—women in particular—self-isolated professionally, living confined to little rooms attached to parish churches. Although discomfort constituted the heart of this vocation, guides written for these anchorites also envisage enclosure as bringing risks to physical and mental health. These risks map onto acedia and sloth, two overlapping sins against which these texts caution. I argue that the anchoritic cell as metaphor and matter mediates the anchoritic endeavour of generating acedia and sloth and overcoming them. Twinning a literary approach with a feedback model from cognitive behavioural therapy, my discussion juxtaposes two texts addressing female anchorites, the thirteenth-century Ancrene Wisse, and The Form of Living by Richard Rolle (1300–1349) with two texts by female anchorites, A Revelation of Purgatory by an anonymous fifteenth-century anchorite and A Revelation of Love by Julian of Norwich (ca. 1343–ca. 1416). It probes whether, in these texts, the cell shifts the dynamics of the feedback loop from self-reinforcing to self-stabilizing or maintains these self-reinforcing dynamics. This discussion concludes by examining the stakes involved in the texts’ commitment to the cell’s ascetic materiality. Charting parallels to the home during COVID-19 lockdowns and historicizing the gendered physical and mental effects of (self-)isolation in narrow spaces, this analysis of medieval enclosure resonates with modern concerns about how confined spaces materialize power.
The Doctor and the Murderess
Authors: Gregersdotter Katarina
Published: March 2023

Grace Marks was a convicted double murderer in nineteenth-century Canada. Her case was well known at the time thanks to its sensationally violent and sexual details. The novel Alias Grace (1997) by Margaret Atwood engages in a discussion about the relationship between fact and fiction, scientific objectivity and power. This article analyses the relationship between Atwood’s fictional Grace Marks and Dr Simon Jordan, an American doctor who visits her in prison hoping to find out the truth about Grace and the murders.  Both Grace and Dr Jordan are formed by the existing norms of the time period, norms which govern how men and women of their particular class should act. However, what makes their meetings noteworthy is that Grace Marks possesses knowledge of the norms and expectations and can therefore use them to her advantage, whereas Dr Jordan does not, despite being an educated and professional man. In the end, this leads to Grace’s ability to tell her own story, and Dr Jordan’s failure as a man of science.
About the Contributors
Authors: Team Editorial
Published: March 2023

Bio notes for contributors to the special issue The Medical Humanities, Literature and Language 21(2)
In-depth Data-driven Learning: At Least Eight Reasons to Rejoice!
Authors: Meunier Fanny
Published: March 2023

n/a
‘To my surprise, I don’t particularly like my own opinions’: Exploring Adaptations of the ‘Open-Guise’ Technique to Raise Sociolinguistic Language Awareness
Authors: Deutschmann Mats , Steinvall Anders
Published: March 2023

The following study describes a data-driven learning scenario aimed at raising sociolinguistic awareness of matters related to gender, language and stereotyping. The design is inspired by the matched-guise technique (MGT), a quantitative data driven experimental method that has been used extensively to investigate language attitudes. In the scenario, differences in respondents’ response patterns to two gender-manipulated versions (male-female vs. female-male dyads) of the same recorded dialogue were used as a starting point for awareness-raising activities aimed at highlighting how gender stereotypes may affect perceptions of a dialogue. The main focus of the article is a comparison of the learning outcomes of two variants of the setup: a traditional undisclosed MGT-inspired setup, where the design and purpose of the experiment was kept secret until after the response phase, and a so-called open-guise design, where respondents were informed of the design and purpose of the experiment prior to the response phase. Preliminary results suggest that respondents adjust their assessments of a speaker depending on the guise, even when they know it is the same speaker they are listening to. Moreover, the open-guise design seemed to lead to greater pedagogic impact than the scenario based on the undisclosed design. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Referendum jako forma kontroli władz przez mieszkańców
Authors: Węglarz Barbara
Published: March 2023

STRESZCZENIE

CEL NAUKOWY: Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie jednego z narzędzi demokracji bezpośredniej, tj. referendum, którego skuteczność uzależniona jest m.in. od regulacji prawnych oraz sposobu i umiejętności jego wykorzystywania przez mieszkańców.
PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: Autorka zamierza potwierdzić, względnie zakwestionować hipotezę, według której referendum nie jest skutecznym narzędziem społecznej kontroli władz lokalnych. W tym celu wykorzystała metody opisową, analizy i syntezy.
PROCES WYWODU: Podstawę wywodu będzie stanowiło polskie referendum odwoławcze, ponieważ jest to najpopularniejsza i najczęściej wykorzystywana w naszym kraju forma referendum. Analizie poddane zostaną najważniejsze zmiany w zakresie prawa referendalnego oraz wybrane przykłady z praktyki wyborczej. W tym ostatnim przypadku istotne będzie wskazanie czynników i przykładów, które ograniczają skuteczność tej formy demokracji bezpośredniej.
WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: W wyniku przeprowadzonej analizy udało się pokazać, że referendum jest narzędziem służącym mieszkańcom do kontroli władzy. Częstotliwość jego wykorzystywania oraz skuteczność pozostawiają jednak wiele do życzenia. Wpływ na to mają zarówno przepisy referendalne, brak umiejętności wykorzystywania przez społeczność lokalną dostępnych form demokracji bezpośredniej (m.in. niewystarczająca edukacja obywatelska) czy brak zainteresowania sprawami społeczności lokalnych.
WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: Skuteczność referendum jest w największym stopniu uzależniona od regulacji prawnych, ale także od umiejętności korzystania z narzędzi demokracji bezpośredniej. Nawet najlepsze rozwiązania i przepisy nie pomogą, jeżeli obywatele nie będą wiedzieli, jak korzystać z dostępnych instrumentów. W związku z tym jednym ze sposobów na wzrost skuteczności referendum powinna być edukacja obywatelska.
A. Sopoćko, Państwo, Wydawnictwo PWE, Warszawa 2022, ss. 156, ISBN 978-83-208-2514-5
Authors: Ślusarczyk Stanisław
Published: March 2023

Przedmiotem recenzowanej książki jest określenie głównych czynników decydujących o zaistnieniu państwa, a następnie o jego utrzymaniu. Autor przybliża czytelnikowi różne zakresy znaczeniowe państwa w różnych okresach historycznych i wskazuje na potrzebę ich syntezy. Według niego państwo powinno być „…rozumiane jako całość różnych procesów, zjawisk dziejących się na pewnym terenie, wywołanych przez ludzi i zależnych od ludzi” (s. 15)...
Editorial: Taming the otherness
Authors: Rostek Irmina , Szewczyk-Zakrzewska Agnieszka
Published: March 2023

The first issue of this year's "Horizons of Education" was scheduled for March 2023.Three years have just passed since the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic and a year since the outbreak of war in Ukraine took place.  Inviting Authors to publish their texts in this issue, we assumed that the global  changes we are witnessing make us reflect in a special way on the experience of meeting a new, an unknown, a stranger. We wanted to look at the consequences of this meeting, on the one hand, negative – in the form of conflicts and prejudices, but, on the other one, positive – such as empathy, commitment and openness.
Stereotypical Images of Ukrainians and Russians in a HumanitarianCrisis: Multicultural Perspectives
Authors: Szewczyk - Zakrzewska Agnieszka , Avsec Stanislav
Published: March 2023

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: This article aims to map the stereotypical image of Ukrainians and Russians from a cross-cultural perspective in the context of the ongoing armed conflict.
RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The research problem concerns the cultural differences that are revealed in the perception of representatives of the two nationalities that are involved in the armed conflict. Since stereotypical judgements are most often revealed in language, an adjective check list was used for the study. A sample of 92 Polish and Slovenian students took part in the study. The collected linguistic material was used to analyse and compare cross-cultural stereotypical judgements about Ukrainian and Russian citizens.
THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The argument begins with theoretical perspectives on the concept of stereotyping and the process of stereotyping. The role of language in the stereotyping process is analysed. An analysis of the results and conclusions is presented.
RESEARCHRESULTS: In general, Polish students attribute fewer positive adjectives than Slovenian students to both Ukrainians and Russians. The analysis revealed significant statistical differences as well as similarities between the researched groups of Polish and Slovenian students in terms of the stereotypical image of Ukrainians and Russians.
CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS: Empirical evidence shows that Polish and Slovenian students have more in common in their perception of Russians, while they perceive Ukrainians quite differently. The linguistic characteristics obtained in this study provide a general insight into the perceptions of the two nationalities involved in the war. It should also be noted that these characteristics of Ukrainians and Russians may constitute socially important knowledge on the negative stereotypes about these nationalities. This knowledge may be useful in challenging counteracting or disseminating such judgements, which may be harmful and lead to prejudice or discrimination against people from the nationalities studied.
Proces badawczy w krytyczno-partycypacyjno- ‑edukacyjnych badaniach w działaniu – rekonesans i dynamiczne cykle działaniowe
Authors: Borowska Agata
Published: March 2023

CEL NAUKOWY: Głębsze poznanie i wyjaśnienie istoty procesu badawczego w krytyczno-partycypacyjno-edukacyjnych badaniach w działaniu, uwzględniając rekonesans badawczy i dynamiczne cykle działaniowe; stanowią one etapy badawcze, opierając się na paradygmacie interpretatywnym i tradycji badań partycypacyjnych.

PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: Artykuł ogniskuje się wokół sposobu rozumienia CPAR M2S i ich roli w procesie tworzenia wiedzy i udoskonalania praktyki; w artykule została wykorzystana dyskursywna analiza rozumienia i wyjaśniania procesu badawczego w tradycji badań partycypacyjnych, wywodzącej się z ruchu akcjonistycznego na rzecz rozwoju społeczności.

PROCES WYWODU: Treść artykułu wyjaśnia etapy procesu dociekania badawczego nie uwzględniającego sztywnych kanonów dociekań metodologiczno-pozytywistycznych oraz nie wpisuje się w kategorię tzw. badań stosowanych.

WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: CPAR nie są technicznym i instrumentalnym doskonaleniem praktyki edukacyjnej; nie można ich bezrefleksyjnie identyfikować tylko z projektem edukacyjnym (dydaktycznym); zasadniczym elementem różnicującym jest identyfikacja problemu badawczego przez grupę badanych (nie na polecenie kierownictwa); przestrzeń edukacyjna staje się miejscem wytwarzania wiedzy na temat praktyki i krytycznej refleksyjności nauczycieli nad dotychczasowym działaniem (praktyką), nakierowanej na zmianę.

WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: Artykuł uwzględnia aspekt zmienności i dynamizmu badawczego obecnego w badaniach w działaniu oraz opisuje rolę badacza akcji, „momentów” edukacyjnych, wnosząc nowe kierunki myślenia i działania w celu tworzenia wiedzy i doskonalenia praktyki.
Phenomenological model for predicting C
x
H
y
F
z
+ ion etching yields of SiO2 and SiN
x
substrates
Authors: Kawamoto Akiko , Kataoka Junji , Kuboi Shuichi , Sasaki Toshiyuki , Tamaoki Naoki
Published: March 2023

In this study, a novel phenomenological model is developed to predict the etching yields of SiO2 and SiN
x
substrates by fluorocarbon and hydrofluorocarbon ions. The CF layer thickness and reactive layer chemistry are described, which significantly affect the etching yields. The study focuses on the dependence of the atomic component of the ion and the incident ion energy of the ion on the etching yield. Some assumptions enable the calculation of ion etching yields in a short turn-around-time. The proposed model can predict the etching yields of other larger species at higher incident ion energies. The obtained simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The optimal etching ions for high aspect ratio etching are comprehensively investigated using the proposed model, providing a better understanding of the differences in the underlying material and the atomic component of the ion.
Antiferromagnetic domain formation and spin frustration induced by adjacent paired screw dislocations in 10 monolayer-thick Cr(001) films
Authors: Kawagoe Takeshi , Suga Shigemasa
Published: March 2023

We investigated the growth and surface morphology of 10 monolayer (ML)-thick Cr(001) films on clean Au(001) surfaces. High quality epitaxial Cr(001) films with large atomically flat terraces and distinct surface states were successfully fabricated through growth at 300 K and subsequent post-annealing at 520 K. At 300 K, spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy images of both the topological and magnetic structures of this Cr film were obtained. The magnetic images exhibited the following features: (1) The layered antiferromagnetic (AF) order appeared in adjacent terraces and one ML-depth shallow hole in the terraces; (2) significant spin frustrations induced by adjacent paired screw dislocations caused the AF domain formation with 90 degrees quantum axis rotation and a large spin frustration area, not always limited in the vicinity of screw dislocations. The feature (2) was qualitatively reproduced by the micromagnetic simulation. These findings may be essential for the further development of spin-electronics utilizing thin AF films.
Molecular investigation of the relationship between vector tick and host in Lumpy Skin Disease
Authors: KADI Hamza , TAMER Cüneyt , OZAN Emre , KURT Mitat , KAYA Selma , CAVUNT Abdullah , ALBAYRAK Harun
Published: March 2023

Lumpy Skin Diseases Virus (LSDV), belonging to the capripoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family, causes significant infections in cattle, especially in African and Middle East countries. LSD is an arboviral disease that spreads with bloodsucking flies as the primary source of infection. However, in experimental studies, nucleic acid belonging to the LSDV has been detected in ticks, and it has been reported that ticks may also play a role in transmission. Within the scope of this study, we have aimed to investigate the vector tick-host relationship of the disease by collecting blood and tick samples from cattle, sheep, and goats in Samsun, Sivas, and Tokat provinces, where LSD infections are intensely detected in the Black Sea Region in Turkey. For this purpose, ticks and blood samples were collected from 88 cattle, 511 sheep, and 108 goats with tick infestation between March 2016 and October 2017. A total of 2508 ticks were collected from these animals, whose blood samples with EDTA were taken, and the ticks were classified according to species. Blood samples and ticks were tested to reveal the presence of LSDV nucleic acids by real-time PCR, and LSDV nucleic acids could not be detected in both blood samples or ticks.
The Counselor Brent Scowcroft and his Role in Achieving the Requirements of the American National Security
Authors: Ahmed Abdel Wahed Abdel Nabi
Published: March 2023

Despite the multiplicity of institutions contributing to the decision-making process in the United States of America, they interact to crystallize positions regarding international and strategic situations. The formulation of the national security policy depends on a number of institutions that complement each other in order to achieve an advanced security situation. Thus, the decision reflects the process of interaction of the existing regulatory institutions. This is because the essence of the national security and achieving its requirements also stems from the existence of a coherent system of shared beliefs and principles in the American society. Besides, these elements are the bases for achieving security. Researing about Brent Scowcroft’s role in meeting the requiremnets of the united States’ national security, it has been found necessary to include two pivots to the study. The first pivot disscusses the requirements of achieving the national security of the United States of America, whereas the second pivot tackles Brent Scowcroft’s role, through the mechanisms of the national security council, in achieving the national security requirements in particular within the decision-making process in the history of the contemporary American political system. As for the type of the study, it is a historical study within the axis of contemporary American politics, while the methodology of the study came within the scientific analysis and according to the narrative and descriptive historical approach. This is because the research problem emphasizes the identification of the security and military requirements in order to achieve the integration of the national security of the United States. Finally, the conclusions have verified the National Security Adviser’s prominent role of during the Scowcroft era, in conductng partnership with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the decision-making process. The latter has said to affect the overall foreign policy and achieve the national security requirements of the United States of America at the end of the last century.
Social media e pandemia. Il Movimento inconsapevole
Authors: Gozzo Simona , D'Agata Rosario , Giuffrida Giovanni
Published: March 2023

The massive diffusion of social media has produced disintermediation and it has changed the way in which users inform themselves and participate in public debate. On the other hand, users show a tendency to interact with information that adheres to personal choices and previous opinions. This propensity is “exploited” by algorithms that manage and sort communication on social media, increasingly producing a polarized audience. The essay shows the outcomes of these dynamics by focusing on the communications structure related to the pandemic. In this sense, social media constitute a risk because they convey out-of-control access to unreliable information and because they can result in the absence of correct information, if not in a problem for democracy. On the technical level, at least three complex reticular structures are identified that evolve following different directions, emerged from three sequentially monitored lemmas (no-mask, covid-19, greenpass). Further considerations concern the increasingly dense interweaving between online communication and the genesis of protest movements with evanescent, single-issue structures.
La sostenibilità come paradigma: il caso dell’infrastruttura Metrofood-RI nel settore agroalimentare
Authors: Nocenzi Mariella , Presenti Ombretta , Zoani Claudia
Published: March 2023

The radical changes that have been affecting society in recent decades impose on the science in general, and the social sciences in particular, a serious rethinking of concepts and research methods in order to be able to adequately interpret the transition underway. These are, in fact, transformations that do not only concern interpersonal relations and the objectives of social life but start from and are reflected in the crisis of the environmental ecosystem and in the inability of the present generations, and even more so of future generations, to be able to satisfy their needs with the development model followed until now. In the search for a different development paradigm to apply, global adherence to the sustainable paradigm cannot but urge all sciences to rethink their own theoretical and methodological paths, making the sustainable paradigm also their own. This entails a real scientific revolution that certain phenomena, such as the pandemic crisis, have also imprinted, revealing the irreversibility of this ongoing process. The need for an integration of the sciences leads to a transdisciplinary approach to the study of the object of research, which is becoming increasingly complex, to the extent that it is necessary to 1) assume future time perspectives and 2) integrate even non-expert knowledge into increasingly proven models such as that of citizen science. The case study offered by the Pan-European Research Infrastructure for the Promotion of Metrology in Food and Nutrition (METROFOOD-RI) will be a good practice of how sustainability is now a paradigm for integrated sciences and citizen science.
Trasformazioni sociopolitiche a destra. L’evoluzione da Alleanza Nazionale a Fratelli d’Italia: primi risultati di una ricerca empirica
Authors: Canzano Giansante Antonello
Published: March 2023

The article examines the evolution of the Italian right framed in the broader phenomenon of the European right. The theoretical framework of reference comforts us in analysing the ideological configuration of the galaxy of the new right, which presents itself in its substantial homogeneity and in the affirmation of a new policy that, founded on the call to the people, claims the demand for an essential modification of the current socio-economic reality and of the prevailing socio-cultural conformation. The Italian Right contains specific peculiarities outlining a path that has led it to abandon legacies, appeals, echoes of the old ideological baggage. The path has not been linear. At first it accelerated in a moderate direction, then it saw a discontinuity in the direction of the recovery of certain radical traits. Our investigation into the right and the path that today sees Fratelli d’Italia as the main political formation of the Italian right is mainly based on research that sees local administrators and the Party on the Ground in general as the object of analysis, which we will use here to infer the main orientations and relevant confirmations on important ideological aspects. All this formed the basis of a broader research project involving much of the local and national ruling class, the conclusions of which will be offered in a subsequent publication. Here, the initial results and the analysis of official documents have been extremely useful in tracing the path taken by the Italian right.
Discorsi e pratiche interculturali alla prova del populismo
Authors: Colombo Maddalena , Gilardoni Guia
Published: March 2023

Interculturalism is a way to deal with the cultural difference, which is a growing issue today and often manipulated in politics. In recent years, the populism (along with sovranism, nationalism, and authoritarism) has been the true enemy of the intercultural discourse, widening intolerance and racism in both social interactions, media communication, and urban contexts. The article aims at analyzing the fundamentals of Interculturalism and their apparent discrepancy with populism, providing reflexivity as a remedy to the current loss of sense of the intercultural discourse which sometimes became functional to the institutional racism. Firstly, the article recalls the basic values to understand the different nuances of interculturalism; secondly, it argues that leaving the “passion for interculturalism” up to the practicalities disempowers the intercultural discourse within the ambivalence of the field level. The authors argue about the need to focus also on the intermediate level in which embedding a rigorous discourse, inspired by the “reflexivity” critique. This is applied to the policy making in some crucial social and educational fields. The social planner is meant to use clear “middle ray concepts” and to distinguish the intercultural solutions from the populistic ones, on the basis of 4 antinomies: simplicity vs. complexity; rapidity vs. duration; conflict vs. conciliation; self-centered self vs. decentered self.
Slowdown. Una questione di classe?
Authors: Meloni Pietro , Valzania Andrea
Published: March 2023

What does it mean to slow down and who can do it? In recent years, the need to decelerate to avoid environmental and social catastrophes has been evoked more and more often. The world runs too fast, we are now unable to act thoughtfully and really enjoy our life, which always flows at greater speed. And yet, we continually dream of slowing down, of rediscovering more authentic, everyday relationships. We dedicate ourselves to new hobbies, we learn to work with our hands, we plant vegetables on the terrace, we allow ourselves small and short holidays as a moment in which we believe we have regained possession of our existence. But today time has become a privilege and not everyone is allowed to use it. Having time is often a luxury, in the face of thousands of workers who can never slow down. Using the pandemic as the central moment of a suspension of time, we would like to explain what it means to slow down in late capitalist societies and why it is increasingly a question of class. Our slowness, in fact, is always related to the time taken away from someone else.
دراسة الزمن اللغوي في العربية والفارسية دراسة تقابلية
Authors: حسنعليان سمية , رمضاني سعدي
Published: March 2023

بم أن اللغة العربية والفارسية لا تنتميان إلي أسرة لغوية واحدة ولكل منهما صيغ وتراكيب مخصصة في مجال تعبيرهما عن الزمن ، فقد ركزت الدراسة علي بحث الزمن اللغوي وطرائق التعبير عنه في هاتين اللغتين، معتمدة علي المنهج التقابلي وذلك لبيان مدي اتفاق هاتين اللغتين واختلافهما في الصيغ الدالة علي الأزمنة المختلفة الماضي والمضارع والمستقبل. كما يبين البحث إمكانات اللغتين في مجال الإخبار عن الزمن. فتعبر اللغة العربية عن الزمن بتراكيب متعددة، فلاتقتصر علي الأفعال وحدها في تعبيرها عن الزمن، كما هو الحال في اللغة الفارسية، بل تتعداه إلي بعض الأسماء كذلك تملك العربية الحروف النافية المتعددة مع دلالات معنوية مختلفة لنفي الأزمنة الثلاثة، بينما في الفارسية لا نري هذا التنوع في الأحرُف النافية. فضلا عن هذا العربية تعبر عن بعض الأزمنة بعدة أنماط في حالتي النفي والإيجاب ولاتستخدم اللغة الفارسية إلّا أسلوبا واحد للتعبير عن زمن ما. التطرق إلي هذه الدراسات يتوفر الأرضيات العملية لتعليم اللغة الأجنبية ويفتح جسرا للتواصل اللساني بين الشعوب.